bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the therapeutic effect of Midrimax® on accommodation overstrain in patients with orthokeratological correction
Authors: Makhova M. V.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: a year-long study of the accommodative function of the eye in patients with orthokeratologic (OK) correction, and the analysis of the therapeutic effect of the drug Midrimax® on accommodation overstrain in patients with OK lenses.Material and methods. The study group included 88 patients (176 eyes) with progressive myopia and OK lenses. The control group included 108 patients (216 eyes) who had optical correction with monofocal glasses and soft contact lenses. During the year, the accommodative function of patients of these two groups was studied using a Speedy-I Accommodograph that involved the calculation of accommodative coefficients: the coefficient of accommodative response and the coefficient of accommodative microfluctuations (CMF). The accommodographic examination in the study group was conducted before wearing OK lenses, after 1 month, 6 months and a year of wearing OK lenses. In the control group, the study of accommodation was carried out after 6 and 12 months. To assess the nature of the effect of Mydrimax® on accommodation overstrain, 70 children (140 eyes) with OK correction and varying degrees of accommodation overstrain were examined. A control group and a study group of 35 people (70 eyes) each were formed. In the study group, Mydrimax® was instilled daily before going to bed, 2 drops in each eye for 30 days. The study of accommodation on the Speedy-i accommodograph was conducted before treatment and after 30 days of treatment.Results. Before wearing OK lenses, 50.5 % had normal accommodative function, 33 % revealed lack of accommodation and only 16.5 % had various degrees of accommodation overstrain. After 6 months of using OK lenses, the accommodation pattern changed: 33.5 % of patients retained normal accommodation function, in 15.5 % of cases accommodation insufficiency decreased, but the number of patients (51.0 %) with accommodation overstrain of varying degrees increased. During the next 6 months of wearing OK lenses, the state of accommodation practically did not change: 39.5 % retained normal accommodative function, 10.5 % had insufficient accommodation and 49.5 % accommodation overstrain. The course of treatment with Mydrimax® for 30 days in patients with OK correction was effective at any degree of accommodation overstrain.Conclusion. The use of OK lenses stimulates accommodation by reducing the number of patients with accommodation insufficiency and increasing the number of patients with accommodation overstrain. The use of Mydrimax® for a course of 30 days is effective in patients with OK correction at any degree of accommodation overstrain.
The impact of biologically active additive complexes “Doppelherz® active Vitamins for eyes with lutein” and “Doppelherz® active Vitamins for eyes with chromium, zinc and selenium” on the functional state of the eye in patients with chronic ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Frolov M. A. , Kazakova K. A. , Sakhovskaya N. A. , Luchin V. S.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: to assess the effect of the biologically active additive complexes “Doppelherz® active Vitamins for eyes with lutein” and “Doppelherz® active Vitamins for eyes with chromium, zinc and selenium” on the functional state of the eye in patients with chronic ischemic optic neuropathy (ION).Material and methods. The study involved 60 patients (111 eyes) aged 51–92 (ave. 62.2 ± 1.2 yrs) with chronic ION divided into three groups of 20 patients each. Group I received the first additive, “Doppelherz® active Vitamins for eyes with lutein”; Group II received the second additive, “Doppelherz® active Vitamins for eyes with chromium, zinc and selenium”; and Group III receive no additives at all. The additives were taken according to the standard scheme — 1 tab per os during the first meal for 2 months. All patients were examined before the start and 2 months hereafter.Results. A positive trend in best corrected visual activity (BCVA) were noted in groups I and II. Group I showed an increase in the critical flicker frequency (CFF) of the red and blue spectra by 1.06 and 1.33 %, respectively, a decrease in the green spectrum by 2.7 % (p < 0.05), and an improvement in the visual fields by 0.61 %. Group II demonstrated an increase in the CFF of the red spectrum by 1.2 %, green — by 2.7 %, blue — by 0.8 %, and an improvement in visual fields by 3.08 %. Group III showed a negative trend in visual functions: BCVA dropped by 1.92 %, and CFF decreased in the green and blue spectra by 3.34 % (p < 0.05) and 0.1 %, respectively. Retinal photosensitivity improved in group I by 0.31 %, in group II by 0.59 % (p < 0.05), in group III it dropped by 0.56 %. A survey showed a decrease in asthenic and asthenopic complaints by patients of groups I and II.Conclusion. A positive effect of both biologically active additive complexes on the functional state of the eye has been revealed.
Wind Farm and Installed Wind Power Analyses of Turkey
Authors: İLHAN Akın , BİLGİLİ Mehmet , ŞAHİN Beşir
Published: March 2022

In this study, the analyses of wind farms and corresponding installed wind power of Turkey are conducted. Wind farms in Turkey have been evaluated by considering five different regions. The map of Turkey is similarly divided into five different regions, and the farms are clearly shown on these maps. The installed power or capacity of each wind farm is clearly shown. So, a total of 251 operating, under-constructional, and licensed wind farms have been extensively analysed in terms of their capacities. On the other hand, the total

theoretical wind power potential of the territories has been studied comparatively, and it is concluded that among the total theoretical wind power potential of 115,329 MW, the total installed wind power of Turkey is reported to be 10,599.89 MW. Namely, it is concluded that only 9.19% of an installation ratio has been performed in Turkey, which corresponds an unused wind power potential of 90.81%.
The Mexican war against drug cartels, traffickers’ collateral incentive to commit crimes against undocumented immigrants
Authors: De la Rosa Rodríguez Paola Iliana
Published: March 2022

This article aims to demonstrate that Mexico's 2006 war on drugs exacerbated violence against undocumented immigrants its territory. It compares drug-related violence and homicides from 2006 to 2013 and analyzes the fact that many Central American migrants never made it to Mexico's northern border, but were not detained or deported by Mexican authorities either. In order to conduct this research, information was obtained from government, autonomous and civilian agencies as well as the United Nations regional commissions. A formal data analysis was performed using the spss method. This manuscript shows that US immigrant detentions decreased in this period and increased again in the following presidential administration. Simultaneously, hundreds of migrants disappeared in Mexico, although exact data is not available due to the secrecy surrounding this type of criminality. Migrants were seen as targets against whom extortion or human trafficking could be committed. Despite this, Central Americans continue to immigrate in mass flows.
Noradrenaline and Seizures: A Perspective on the Role of Adrenergic
Receptors in Limbic Seizures
Authors: Biagioni Francesca , Celli Roberta , Puglisi-Allegra Stefano , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Giorgi Filippo Sean , Fornai Francesco
Published: March 2022

Background:

Noradrenergic fibers originating from the locus coeruleus densely innervate
limbic structures, including the piriform cortex, which is the limbic structure with the lowest seizure
threshold. Noradrenaline (NA) modulates limbic seizures while stimulating autophagy through β2-
adrenergic receptors (AR). Since autophagy is related to seizure threshold, this perspective questions
whether modulating β2-AR focally within the anterior piriform cortex affects limbic seizures.

Objective:

In this perspective, we analyzed a potential role for β2-AR as an anticonvulsant target
within the anterior piriform cortex, area tempestas (AT).

Methods:

We developed this perspective based on current literature on the role of NA in limbic seizures
and autophagy. The perspective is also grounded on preliminary data obtained by microinfusing
within AT either a β2-AR agonist (salbutamol) or a β2-AR antagonist (butoxamine) 5
minutes before bicuculline.

Results:

β2-AR stimulation fully prevents limbic seizures induced by bicuculline micro-infusion in
AT. Conversely, antagonism at β2-AR worsens bicuculline-induced seizure severity and prolongs
seizure duration, leading to self-sustaining status epilepticus. These data indicate a specific role for
β2-AR as an anticonvulsant in AT.

Conclusions:

NA counteracts limbic seizures. This relies on various receptors in different brain areas.
The anterior piriform cortex plays a key role in patients affected by limbic epilepsy. The anticonvulsant
effects of NA through β2-AR may be related to the stimulation of the autophagy pathway.
Recent literature and present data draw a perspective where β2-AR stimulation while stimulating
autophagy mitigates limbic seizures, focally within AT. The mechanism linking β2-AR to autophagy
and seizure modulation should be extensively investigated.
A Detailed Insight onto the Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Action
of the Antifungal Drugs Used in the Treatment of Superficial Fungal
Infections
Authors: Wal Pranay , Saraswat Nikita , Vig Himangi
Published: March 2022

Background:

Dermatomycosis is a type of fungal infection that can infect human skin, hair,
and nails; an increasing growth of fungal infections ranging from superficial to systemic infection is
alarming. Common causative agents are Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, and Pneumocystis species.
A wide range of antifungal drugs is used for the treatment of mycotic infections. These antifungal
drugs can be oral or topical. The topical therapy ensures reduced side effects. Some act as fungistatic,
while others act as fungicidal. These drugs work by a different mechanism of action to prevent and
cure fungal infections.

Objective:

The effective treatment of the fungal infection includ the use of proper antifungal drug
therapy. Antifungal drugs are classified into various classes. This paper focuses on understanding and
interpreting the detailed molecular and cellular mechanism of action of various classes of anti-fungal
drugs with their important characteristics along with the safety and efficacy data of individual drugs of
the particular class.

Methods:

The data selection for carrying out the respective study has been made by studying the combination
of review articles and research papers from different databases, like ResearchGate, PubMed,
MDPI, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and MedCrave, ranging from the year 1972 to 2019, by using the
keywords like “anti-fungal agents”, “dermatophytes”, “cutaneous candidiasis”, “superficial fungal infections”,
“oral candidiasis”, “amphotericin”, “echinocandins”, “azoles”, “polyenes” “ketoconazole”,
“terbinafine”, “griseofulvin”, “azoles”.

Result:

Based on interpretation, it is concluded that the different classes of antifungal drugs follow the
different mechanisms of action and target the fungal cell membrane, and are efficient in reducing fungal
disease by their respective mechanism.

Conclusion:

The prevention and cure of fungal infections can be done by oral or topical antifungal
drugs aimed to destroy the fungal cell membrane. These drugs show action by their respective pathways
that are either preventing the formation of ergosterol or squalene or act by inhibiting the β-1,3-
glucan synthase enzyme. All the drugs are found to be effective in treating fungal infections.
Diosgenin: Mechanistic Insights on its Anti-inflammatory Effects
Authors: Karami-Mohajeri Somayyeh , Mohammadinejad Reza , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Mohamadi Neda , Mohajeri Mohammad , Sharififar Fariba
Published: March 2022

Diosgenin (DG), a well-known steroid saponin, has shown anti-inflammatory effects.
This review was aimed to discuss all published literature concerning the anti-inflammatory effects
of diosgenin. Based on the modulatory impact of DG on the NF-κB pathway, its supplementation
is associated with downregulation of the NF-κB pathway and TGF-β, resulting in inhibition of
inflammation. It appears that upstream modulators of NF-κB signaling pathways such as Tlrs and
downstream mediators include iNOS and COX-2, leading to the inhibition of the inflammatory
response and development of pathological conditions. Due to the low toxicity of the herbal compounds,
the risk of the side effects of DG use for the management of inflammatory disorders such
as asthma, rheumatism, rhinitis, and arthritis is lower than that of synthetic glucocorticoids. It has
been shown that regulation of NF-κB and oxidative stress signaling pathways by DG is beneficial
against cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin.
An Overview of Microbial α-amylase and Recent Biotechnological
Developments
Authors: Singh Rajendra , Kim Si Wouk , Kumari Anila , Mehta Praveen Kumar
Published: March 2022

The α-amylase is one of the most promising commercial enzymes with tremendous applications
in various industries. Microbial α-amylase shares almost 25-30% of the enzyme market
due to its catalytic function in several industries, including sugar, detergent, paper, textile, pharmaceutical
industries, etc. The α-amylase hydrolyzes glycosidic linkages of structural components of
starch, resulting in maltose, glucose, and high fructose syrups. Starch, the second most abundant organic
substance on the Earth, is a readily available, low-cost renewable substrate mainly used in biorefinery
and food industries. Amylases are ubiquitous in nature due to their involvement in carbohydrate
metabolism. The α-amylases of microbial origin have technical advantages as compared to
animal and plant origin. Considering physicochemical properties, bacterial α-amylases are most diverse.
However, for industrial purposes, these properties of the biocatalyst, either individually or in
a combination, are required to modify through genetic and protein engineering according to the targeted
process. The review presents an overview of the current findings of microbial sourced α-
amylases, commercial applications, market trends in relevant industries, and achieved improvements
in thermostability, catalytic function, pH tolerance, substrate, and product specificities
through recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering.
Implementation of regenerative braking on the AC locomotive with a mono phase reversible voltage converter
Authors: Kuchumov V. A. , Nikonchuk I. N.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The authors analyse the problem of implementing regenerative braking on the AC locomotive with a monophase reversible voltage converter.

Materials and methods. The article consided theoretically possible options for the operation of monophase reversible voltage converters during regenerative braking, in which: 1) the reactive component of the electric locomotive current had a capacitive nature, and the operating current of the electric locomotive was ahead of its reactive component; 2) the reactive component of the electric locomotive current had an inductive nature, and the current of the electric locomotive was ahead of its active component. The research demonstrated that the former was only theoretically possible, since the regeneration of current into the contact network was carried out at a very low voltage, significantly less than the lowest voltage on the current collector. The latter was technically feasible in terms of the main harmonic of the electric locomotive current lagged by an angle exceeding of 90 electrical degree, but noticeably smaller than 180 electrical degree. Regenerative braking with a power factor close to unity was possible only theoretically, but in practice a power factor of 0.8–0.9 should be realized. The tangent of the angle between the effective current and its active component was greater (for a certain margin) than the quotient from dividing the active by the inductive resistance of the traction network between the electric locomotive and the traction substation. Moreover, it was necessary to consider the technological reduction of the ohmic resistance in the process of the monophase reversible voltage transducer control (e. g. over the deterioration of contact wire).

Results. The article demonstrates the possibility and conditions for the regenerative braking implementation on AC locomotives. Hence, a more advanced electric locomotive current control system with an additional channel for regulating the inductive component of the recuperation current is recommended for development.

Discussion and conclusion. An advanced control system stabilizes the current collector voltage and with the channel for regulating the active component of the regeneration current provide for the voltage maintanance at a higher level, determined by the actual electrical parameters of the contact network and the train traffic.
Modern approaches to the efficiency assessing of created vehicles
Authors: Silyuta A. G. , Silyuta A. G. , Mayakov D. M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The manufacturers currently develop new locomotives considering operating conditions with further locomotive fixation on the target ground. They also calculate the operational locomotive models with the key indicators for assessing the cost of the life cycle during the engineering stage. Therefore, the basic information for making operational decisions on purchase about selected locomotive items is the evaluation of the traction rolling stock effectiveness. The manufacturers of other vehicle types have similar aims in terms of operating conditions, engineering features, etc.

Materials and methods. The scientists succeed in the usage of the modern evaluating approaches to the vehicles efficiency. The application of the similar criteria that differ in the calculation mechanism and the initial data volume is especially important in evaluating the effectiveness of the multimodal transportation of freight and passenger traffic. The article presented the critical analysis of the main approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the road, water and railway vehicles. Thus, the authors concluded that the manufacturers should consider both the efficiency of the vehicle and the usage intensity.

Results. The authors demonstrate quantitative estimates of the proposed efficiency criterion for certificate features and considering real operational conditions. The paper presents the simulation results comparison with the calculation ones considering certificate features. Thus, operational conditions significantly effect the efficiency criterion.

Discussion and conclusion. The authors highlight that the obtained results are universal for evaluating the effectiveness of the various vehicles in terms of different rolling stock features.
СИНДРОМ ПРАДЕРА-ВІЛЛІ: НОВІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ В ЛІКУВАННІ ПІДЛІТКІВ І ДОРОСЛИХ
Authors: Лаврик Андрій , Пилипенко Вікторія , Галич Сергій , Згонник Андрій , Дмитренко Олена , Дабіжа Олексій , Панків Анастасія
Published: March 2022

Актуальність.
Синдром Прадера–Віллі (СПВ) — це генетичне захворювання, яке характеризується розвитком тяжких форм ожиріння в комплексі з рядом коморбідних станів. Відомі терапевтичні методи лікування ожиріння при СПВ дають помірний позитивний ефект, а хірургічні методи корекції ваги мають високий ризик розвитку післяопераційних ускладнень.
Мета дослідження: проаналізувати результати проведеного бариатричного хірургічного втручання методом лапароскопічного дистального шунтування шлунка з одним анастомозом та з подальшою пластичною корекцією шкірно-жирових клаптів і надлишкових тканин у пацієнта з синдромом Прадера–Віллі, ускладненим морбідним суперожирінням (ІМТ = 73 кг/м2).
Клінічний випадок: Одному хворому із генетичним захворюванням — синдромом Прадера– Віллі, що поступив у клініку з морбідним суперожирінням (ІМТ=73 кг/м2) та його ускладненнями, виконано лапароскопічне дистальне шунтування шлунка з одним анастомозом та подальшою пластичною корекцією. Після операції вага пацієнта зменшилася на 80 кг, нормалізувалися показники рівня глюкози та артеріального тиску, уночі пацієнт спить без використання CPAP-апарата, рухається вільно без задишки.
Обговорення. Показами до проведення бариатричної операції у пацієнтів із СПВ вважається наявність індексу маси тіла (ІМТ) ≥ 35 кг/м2 у поєднанні з тяжкими супутніми коморбідними станами (синдром обструктивного апное, синдром Піквіка, ЦД 2 типу, неалкогольний стеатогепатоз тяжкої форми, захворювання опорно-рухового апарату), або ІМТ ≥ 40 кг/м2 у поєднанні з більш легкими супутніми патологіями. Пошук оптимальної методики лікування ожиріння у хворих на СПВ продовжується.
Висновки. Важливий мультидисциплінарний підхід до лікування хворих з СПВ з обов’язковим залученням ендокринологів, генетиків, терапевтів і бариатричних хірургів. Проведення сучасних бариатричних операцій у комплексі з медикаментозним лікуванням дозволяє досягти стійкого зниження маси тіла та позитивної медико-соціальної реабілітації у хворих на морбідне ожиріння.
МОЖЛИВОСТІ КОРЕКЦІЇ ГІПЕРАМОНІЄМІЇ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ЦУКРОВИМ ДІАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПУ
Authors: Жердьова Надія , Степура Олена , Іскандерова Елона , Мазій Світлана , Стрижак Юлія , Хорєвіна Катерина
Published: March 2022

В статті наведені дані щодо частоти виявлення ускладнень, таких як когнітивні порушення, кардіальна автономна нейропатія, діабетична периферична нейропатія, а також наявність стеатозу та фіброзу печінки за умов нормального рівня трансаміназ, у хворих на цукровий діабет (ЦД) 2 типу з гіперамоніємією та впливу альфа-ліпоєвої кислоти на рівень аміаку. Метою нашого дослідження було вивчити частоту неврологічних ускладнень у пацієнтів з цукровим діабетом 2 типу та гіперамоніємією та вплив альфа-ліпоєвої кислоти на рівень аміаку.
Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 30 (ч/ж: 9/21) хворих на ЦД 2 типу з гіперамоніємією (77,67±11,5 мкмоль/л), середній вік обстежених становив 53,95 ± 2,43 роки, тривалість ЦД 2 типу становила 9,81±1,59 років, ІМТ – 33,26±1,16 кг/м2, рівень глікованого гемоглобіну 7,95 ± 0,33 %. Всім пацієнтам на тлі їх стандартної цукрознижуючої терапії було призначено альфа-ліпоєву кислоту (Діаліпон турбо 50,0 мл) внутрішньовенно крапельно протягом 10 днів.
Результати. Було виявлено вірогідний взаємозв’язок між рівнем аміаку та індексом НОМА-IR. Після проведеного лікування отримали вірогідне зниження рівня аміаку від вихідного рівня на 67,78 % та суттєве покращення когнітивних функцій за даними шкали МОСА.
Висновки. Інсулінорезистентність є негативним чинником ризику розвитку гіперамоніємії у пацієнтів з цукровим діабетом 2 типу. Альфа-ліпоєва кислота призводить до суттєвого зниження рівнів нейротоксичного аміаку та відновлює когнітивну функцію у хворих на цукровий діабет 2 типу з ураженням печінки різного ступеня.
Структурные и диэлектрические свойства Bi-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-Ti-=SUB=-1.5-=/SUB=-W-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-9-=/SUB=-
Authors: Зубков С.В. , Паринов И.А. , Куприна Ю.А. , Назаренко А.А.
Published: March 2022

Методом высокотемпературной твердотельной реакции синтезирован слоистый перовскитоподобный оксид Bi3Ti1.5W0.5O9. Рентгеноструктурное исследование показало, что соединение однофазно и имеет структуру семейства фаз Ауривиллиуса (ФА) с параметрами близкими орторомбической элементарной ячейке, соответствующей пространственной группе A21am. Измерены зависимости от температуры относительной диэлектрической проницаемости ε/ε0 и тангенса угла потерь tgsigma на разных частотах. Для синтезированного соединения измерен пьезомодуль d33. Получена микроструктура Bi3Ti1.5W0.5O9. Ключевые слова: фазы Ауривиллиуса, Bi3Ti1.5W0.5O9, энергия активации Ea, температура Кюри TC, пьезомодуль d33.
Энергетические характеристики электронно-стимулированной десорбции атомов лития из слоев лития на поверхности Li-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Au-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-
Authors: Кузнецов Ю.А. , Лапушкин М.Н.
Published: March 2022

The formation of 2D LixAuy semiconductor layers on the surface of gold deposited on a tungsten substrate has been studied. The processes of electron-stimulated desorption of Li atoms in the Li/LixAuy/Au/W system are considered. The presence of two peaks in the kinetic energy distribution of desorbed lithium atoms is shown: a high energy peak at an energy of 0.3 eV and a low energy peak at an energy of 0.11 eV. The high energy peak is associated with the desorption of lithium atoms from the adsorbed lithium layers, and the low energy peak is associated with the LixAuy intermetallic compound. The influence of the number of deposited gold and lithium atoms on the process of formation of 2D semiconductor LixAuy layers is studied. It is shown that the processes of electron-stimulated desorption occur in the Li monolayer and the LixAuy layer closest to it. A model of electron-stimulated desorption of Li atoms in the Li/LixAuy/Au/W system is proposed.
Clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with acute heart failure secondary to myocardial infarction
Authors: Khorolets E. V. , Akhverdieva M. K.
Published: March 2022

Objective: to study the clinical features, dynamics of the NTproBNP level in patients with STEMI, taking into account the risk of hospital mortality scales. Materials and methods: the study included 150 patients with STEMI. All patients were divided into subgroups: according to the GRACE scale (low, medium and high risk) and the degree of acute heart failure (AHF) classification T.Killip II and III-IV. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients, including the level of NTproBNP, were studied. Results: the average age of STEMI patients was 61.7±2.96 years. Dyslipidemia, increased level of markers of myocardial necrosis, high concentration of NTproBNP without tendencies to changes in the dynamics of hospital treatment were detected on the first day of STEMI. Patients with STEMI of Killip III-IV had a statistically significant NTproBNP level 2.0 times higher (p<0.05), and at discharge 2.1 times (p<0.05) compared with the group of patients with Killip II. It should be noted that during hospital treatment, the values of NTproBNP did not change statistically significantly regardless of the degree of T.Killip AHF (p>0.05). A high level of NTproBNP was obtained on the first day of the STEMI in all risk groups of hospital mortality on the GRACE scale. A tendency to increase the values of NTproBNP (p<0.05) with an increase in the risk of hospital mortality was revealed. Conclusion: patients with STEMI AHF Killip III-IV have a greater volume of myocardial damage and the level of NTproBNP, determining a high risk of heart failure. NTproBNP values progressively increase with increasing GRACE scale risk and will not change during inpatient treatment.
The impact of chronic kidney disease on muscle tissue metabolism in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Gasanov M. Z. , Batyushin M. M. , Terentyev V. P. , Khatlamadzhiyan V. V. , Kuznetsova Yu. V. , Ryabokoneva T. Yu.
Published: March 2022

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia and evaluate the contribution of myostatin and mTOR to the development of muscle mass loss and strength in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with program hemodialysis. Materials and methods: the study included 80 patients with CKD5D, the average age of study participants was 51.7±11.6 years. In all patients, anamnestic data were analyzed, the results of laboratory and instrumental examination were evaluated, the levels of myostatin and mTOR in the blood serum were determined, hand dynamometry, bioimpedancemetry, and a leg raising test were performed. Results: the average volume of muscle mass in the subgroup with sarcopenia was 20.5±0.7 kg and significantly differed from that in the subgroup without sarcopenia 25.23±0.8 kg (p <0.05). The prevalence of sarcopenia in the general group was 38.75%. In men, decreased muscle mass was statistically significantly more common than among women (p <0.05). The level of mTOR in the blood serum of patients with sarcopenia was significantly lower than that in the subgroup without sarcopenia (6.61±0.4 ng/ml and 9.4±0.3 ng/ml, respectively (p <0.001)). The level of myostatin was significantly higher in the subgroup of patients with sarcopenia than without it (12.2±0.6 ng/ml vs. 8.1±0.3 ng/ml, respectively (p <0.001)). The increase in myostatin was accompanied by a decrease in mTOR both in the general group (r=-0.57) and in the subgroup of patients with sarcopenia (r=-0.55). Conclusion: A high prevalence of sarcopenia was found in patients with CKD receiving renal replacement therapy. Myostatin and mTOR have demonstrated their diagnostic potential and can be used as promising markers for the verification of sarcopenia.
Diagnostic possibilities of cognitive EEG in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Efremov V. V. , Zalewskaya A. I.
Published: March 2022

Object: identification of electrophysiological features in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy at the stage of moderate cognitive disorders according to the developed scenario of registration of EEG with cognitive load. Materials and methods: the study was conducted in the conditions of MBUZ GB No. 1 «Polyclinic for adults», Department of Medical and Biological Physics of the Rostov State Medical University during 2016-2019. A total of 80 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy and vascular risk factors were examined, who made up 3 observation groups: «A», «B» and «C». Group «A» is represented by patients with grade I and II DEP and concomitant moderate cognitive disorders, group «B» — patients diagnosed with grade I DEP, cognitively healthy according to the results of neuropsychoological testing (40 and 25 people, respectively), control group «C» —15 people, without manifestations of DEP and cognitive disorders. All patients underwent electroencephalogram registration using the Encephalan-131-03 device. Results: the detected neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with DEP are a reflection of violations of the bioelectric activity of the brain. A tendency to shift bioelectric activity towards slow waves has been revealed according to statistical analysis. The aggravation of the degree of cognitive disorders correlates with a decrease in the activity of the a-rhythm by 12% and an increase in the activity of the δ-rhythm by 16%. According to the spectral analysis, the reflection of cognitive impairments on the parameters of the α- and δ-rhythm was also revealed. As the power of the α-rhythm decreases and above the δ-rhythm, the pathological processes associated with cognitive impairment in the brain in patients with DEP are aggravated. Also among the pathognomonic changes detected by spectral analysis is a significant asymmetry in all leads, and it was especially pronounced in the frontal (Fp1, Fp2) and temporal (T3, T4, T5, T6) areas of the brain. Conclusions: Thus, a new method for studying the EEG in patients with DEP makes it possible to detect characteristic differences, the most significant changes were found in the α- and δ-bands. Changes in cognitive activity reflected in the EEG can serve as additional diagnostic criteria, provided that the experiment is extended.
A 9-year teledermoscopy service in New Zealand: Retrospective service review (Preprint)
Authors: Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand Novell
Published: March 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A
The Outcomes of Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment in Patients With Spinal Metastases of Lung Cancer: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hu Panpan , Zhai Shuheng , Liu Xiaoxie , Chu Hongling , Wei Feng
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Spinal metastases of lung cancer (SMLC) usually have a high degree of malignancy and require multimodality treatment. Patients with SMLC who experience clinical symptoms (eg, local pain, emerging or potential spinal instability, and progressive neurological dysfunction) require surgical treatment. However, there are discrepancies in the comparison of outcomes between surgical treatment and nonsurgical treatment.

OBJECTIVE

This paper presents the protocol for a study that aims to compare the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment and nonsurgical treatment for SMLC, explore the prognostic factors of SMLC, and establish a survival prediction model based on these prognostic factors.

METHODS

This is a prospective cohort study, with an anticipated sample size of 240 patients (120 patients in the surgical group and 120 patients in the nonsurgical group). We will collect baseline data, including demographic, clinical, and radiological information, as well as data from patient-reported questionnaires. Patients will be followed up at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment, and survival status will be assessed every 3 months. The primary outcome is the overall survival period. Prognostic factors associated with overall survival will be analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Odds ratios with 95% CIs will be presented. Statistical significance is set at P<.05.

RESULTS

This study has been approved by our institute’s Medical Science Research Ethics Committee (IRB00006761-M2021085) after a careful audit of the design and content. Patient enrollment began in June 2022 at our hospital. Data collection is expected to be completed by early 2026, and the study results will be published by mid-2027.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we propose to set up a prospective cohort of patients with SMLC to investigate the outcomes between surgical treatment and nonsurgical treatment. We will explore the role of surgical treatment in SMLC and provide guidance to peer surgeons.

CLINICALTRIAL

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100048151; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=129450

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/38273
Agricultura, alimentación y disputas territoriales: reflexiones iniciales / Agriculture, alimentation et disputes territoriales : premières réflexions
Authors: Prunier Delphine , León Araya Andrés
Published: March 2022

En los últimos años, distintos autores nos han empujado a pensar en la tierra como mucho más que un recurso de producción o una relación de propiedad. Por ejemplo, la geógrafa canadiense Tania Murray Li (2014) plantea que la respuesta a la pregunta «¿Qué es la tierra?» pasa por analizar la forma particular en que materia, relaciones, prácticas y discursos son ensamblados dentro de contextos concretos. Ensamblajes que, a su vez, cambian a través del tiempo como resultado de las disputas políticas entre distintos grupos. Así, la tierra no es, per se, un recurso, una propiedad, o un territorio, sino que es producida como tal. Unos de los contextos donde se nota de manera más clara este proceso de ensamblaje de la tierra son la comida y lo que conocemos como sistemas agroalimentarios.Depuis quelques années, différents auteurs et autrices nous encouragent à repenser la terre autrement qu’en termes de ressource ou de propriété. Ainsi, selon la géographe canadienne Tania Murray Li (2014), il faut, pour répondre à la question « qu’est-ce que la terre ? », en passer par une analyse des articulations particulières, dans un contexte donné, entre matière, relations sociales, pratiques et discours, sachant que ces mêmes assemblages évoluent à leur tour au fil du temps et en fonction des conflits et oppositions politiques entre parties prenantes. La terre n’est donc pas en elle-même une ressource, une propriété ou un territoire mais une production sociale. La production alimentaire et les systèmes dits agroalimentaires constituent l’un des contextes où ce processus d’assemblage est le plus visible.
Construction of Online Platform for Management of English Major Dissertation in the Context of Mass Online Teaching
Authors: Ming Yang
Published: March 2022

Most of China’ online platforms for the management of graduation dissertations restrict its function to checking the timetable and final scores. Based on a detailed description of each type of users, an online platform for the management of English major dissertation should achieve the following functions: management of Users’ Information, review of dissertation topics, mutual selection of dissertation topics and supervisors, management of online instruction, management of documents, formative evaluation system, auto-revision of grammar and format, and management of literature. The construction of such an online management platform may improve the efficiency of management, facilitate the communication between supervisors and students, strengthen the process management, facilitate the archiving, preservation and extraction of required documents and various data, and ensure an objective evaluation of the performance.
AFIBIOS Y REPTILES DE ZAACHILA Y SANTIAGO CLAVELLINAS, OAXACA
Authors: Martínez-Coronel Matías , López-Hernández Isaías Daniel , Canseco-Márquez Luis , Ramírez-Ramírez Víctor A. , Sánchez-Morales Ariana , Hernández-Flores Felipe
Published: March 2022

Oaxaca es el estado de México con mayor riqueza de especies de herpetozoarios, pero también es uno de los diez estados con mayor tasa de deforestación del país. Por lo tanto, contar con listas actualizadas de las especies de herpetozoarios que se distribuyen en una región y las amenazas que enfrentan, son la base para establecer buenas políticas de conservación para estas especies. La herpetofauna de Santiago Clavellinas y Zaachila, Oaxaca, ha sido estudiada parcialmente y no existe un inventario actualizado de las especies que se distribuyen en esta región, la cual está ubicada entre las subprovincias fisiográficas de los Valles Centrales de Oaxaca y las Montañas y Valles del Occidente de Oaxaca. El listado de la herpetofauna lo integramos con registros obtenidos durante 15 años de trabajo de campo, y fue complementado con información recuperada de plataformas digitales. En total registramos 70 especies de herpetozoarios, 14 de anfibios y 56 de reptiles. Dieciséis especies representan nuevos registros de distribución para los Valles Centrales y seis lo son para las Montañas y Valles del Occidente. El 61.7% de las especies nativas son endémicas de México, de las cuales el 11.7% son endémicas de Oaxaca. El 39.7% de las especies nativas están clasificadas bajo alguna categoría de riesgo de acuerdo con la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y la lista roja de la IUCN. El bosque de pino-encino con 46 especies, el bosque de encino con 42 y el pastizal de tierras bajas con 36, fueron los hábitat con mayor riqueza específica. Las principales amenazas identificadas para la herpetofauna fue el incremento de la urbanización en los Valles Centrales, mientras que la deforestación y carencia de programas de gestión forestal sustentable lo fue para las Montañas y Valles del Occidente de Oaxaca.
Smartphone User Behaviour Predication Using AI
Authors: Chavan Mayur Ramesh , Kulkarni Akshay Avadhut , Mulla Mohammad Kaif Shakil , Mahadik Ashish Hanmant , Waghmare Omkar Jagnnath , Balshetwar Dr. S V
Published: March 2022

Abstract: There are lots of Smartphone users data floating around which is not efficiently used for improving user experience and which can be used to provide a better user experience or enhance the current one. Enhancing user experience is a challenge as there are multiple competitors. A persons time spend on their Smartphone is an vast amount of time and everyone is trying to reduce this time by implementing efficient ways of android user experience. Starting with our work, which will focus on this user floating data? There are important segments of this user data one of them is facial data because humans are used to taking in non verbal cues from facial emotions. And also we are focusing on factors like user surrounding sound, user’s locations and patterns of application used history.
A Comparison of Extracted Dominant Colours of Twelve Cosmopolitan Cities
Authors: Jermyn Jacqueline
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Metropolitan cities are large multi-cultural urban areas. Their colour schemes, which contribute to their unique identities, are influenced by factors, such as when the city was established, climate, city ordinances, and cultural heritage. City colours also evolve overtime due to new construction materials, innovative building designs, and urban development. The objective of this study is to determine if there are similarities in dominant colours for twelve metropolitan cities spanning six continents. They include Cairo, Cape Town, Singapore, Tokyo, Perth, Sydney, London, Madrid, Mexico City, New York City, Buenos Aires, and Lima. The Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) colour extraction technique was used to extract five dominant colours from images of these twelve cities. The extracted dominant colours were outputted as hexadecimal codes with their corresponding names obtained from the color-name.com website. Results show that some of these cities have similar dominant colours. Two colours, cobalt blue and sonic silver, are found in 25% of the cities. Furthermore, ten colours are present in pairs of cities. Most notably, some cities share two of the five dominant colours. Mexico City and New York City both have eerie black and platinum in their colour schemes, while Singapore and Lima share Charleston Green and Gainsboro. Cape Town and Perth both have light cobalt blue and sonic silver in their colour patterns, while Madrid and Buenos Aires share khaki and shadow colours. Dominant colours identified as a result of this investigation could be used to produce colour palettes for these cities. Since colour is an important component of urban development and preservation projects, the ones that incorporate aspects of existing colours would create buildings that are harmonious with the cultural heritage as well as the overall colour scheme of this city. Keywords: Colour extraction, Fuzzy c-means (FCM), soft clustering, unsupervised learning, machine learning, cosmopolitan cities, dominant colours, city colour palettes
Design of a New Language Seeks Literature Survey
Authors: Gagan B R , T Shivaprakash , C Thirumalai Shaktivel , P Vaishak , B. N Kushal Kumar
Published: March 2022

Abstract: In a scientific study, computing is a must-have tool. In general, scientists have various difficulties, requirements, and views when it comes to computation, which need to be addressed by the programming language that they use, this cannot be satisfied by general-purpose languages. Also, researchers need to concentrate on the issue they are working on rather than the optimizations for the calculations, so instead of using a general-purpose language, if there exists a language whose compiler would take care of those optimizations, it would make their work easier and faster. This is a survey of the work undertaken to design the programming language and its compiler. The primary goal of this research is to examine the function of work, implementation strategy, steps taken for improving the performance, the procedure of benchmarking, and finally, the outcome of the papers studied. The survey's main conclusions are that: the most common language mentioned among the papers was Python which appears to be more popular among developers due to its simple syntax and library support for computing. On the other hand, Python lacks performance, to compensate for this performance issue, the community has developed tools like Cython, Numba, Pythran, etc, which can be used to speed up Python. Domain-specific languages such as Wolfram, Seq, and ELI highlighted various methods for overcoming problems. Some languages like Wolfram and ELI moved from interpreter to compiler to get the performance boost. Most of the compilers use LLVM as the backend for optimizations and code generation. Keywords: scientific computation, compiler, programming language
Dynamic Analysis of Confined Masonry Structures for Residential Buildings under Seismic Conditions
Authors: Qazi Ahmad , Kumar Ashish
Published: March 2022

Abstract: In India, unreinforced brick masonry and reinforced cement concrete are the go-to technologies when it comes to construction of modern residential buildings, with the design applications ranging from one-story nuclear family houses to multi-story apartment buildings housing several families. However, each major natural disaster in India has exposed several ‘chinks in the armour’ linked to both of these widely employed construction techniques. Enter confined masonry. Confined masonry offers a substitute to both, unreinforced brick masonry and reinforced concrete framed residential buildings for applications in disaster prone areas of the world while keeping the cost under check and optimizing the structural performance. Confined masonry has evolved over the last century through an informal process based on its satisfactory performance in past, mostly in countries with high seismic activity like Indonesia, Mexico and Turkey. It is used for both non-engineered and engineered construction as its field applications range from one-story single-family dwellings to six-story apartment buildings. Some countries have even adopted design provisions and construction guidelines for confined masonry in their building codes. The success and implementation of building technologies is totally dependent on the local conditions like the availability and cost of building materials, the skill level of construction labour and the availability of construction tools and equipment. The fact that confined masonry construction looks similar to reinforced frame construction with masonry infill walls and that it uses the same components, i.e., masonry infills, tie-beams and tie-columns, helps in an easy transition to adopt confined masonry. Although confined masonry construction practice doesn’t require any advanced construction equipment or an extra skillset, it is necessary to lay emphasis on the quality of the construction for its satisfactory performance. Hence, to optimize the quality of confined masonry structures, this thesis employs the use of a modern easy-to-learn-and-use structural software known as ETABS. Keywords: Confined Masonry, RCC Frame, Unreinforced Brick Masonry, ETABS, Seismic Performance.
Temporal Change in Traffic Congestion Pattern of the Intersection at Lucknow Smart City Using Geospatial Technology
Authors: Kushwaha Anshika , Saini Alok , Shukla Dr. Sudhakar
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Traffic congestion is the most common problem in an urban area. The presence of various facilities or intersections of major as well as minor roads can cause hindrance in the path. Congestion on the intersection, near the markets, government offices, etc. can cause problems in the free flow of traffic at an intersection. Road connectivity is also affected due to the presence of congestion on the routes. Traffic congestion varies as time passes, due to an increase in illegal parking, unauthorized vending sites, unauthorized stoppage points for transit vehicles, accidents, etc. therefore there is a change in the traffic pattern at the intersection which affects the public. Keywords: Traffic Congestion, Intersection, Peak hours, Connectivity, Traffic congestion pattern, Level of Service.