bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-creating built environment for sustainable development: a case study of Ban Moh, Mahasarakham province
Authors:   , Prompen Chainun
Published: September 2023

Co-creation has been used widely in many fields, including innovation design, service design, and district development. In Thailand, many development projects apply co-creation as an approach to development. However, the academic knowledge about co-creating built environment in Thailand is limited and remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to understand the processes and practices of co-creating built environment in the context of Thailand through the description and analysis of cases. 

The four case studies described here include the Chantaboon riverfront community in Chantaburi Province, Ban Pred Nai community in Trat Province, Ban Mun Kong project in Samut Prakan Province, and Pru Nai community in Phang Nga Province. The major case which is described and analyzed in detail is the case of Ban Moh Community in Maha Sarakham Province where the community co-created public facility development and house renovation with researchers from outside the community.

The results of the study include the processes and practices of co-creating built environments in Thailand. It also identifies key success factors, problems and obstacles in the implementation of co-creation concept.  Finally, this study suggests guidelines for co-creating built environment for sustainable development.
Co-Expression of feedback resistant enzymes in phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway to increase phenylalanine production
Authors:   , Yenyuvadee Charintip
Published: September 2023

L-Phenylalanine (L-Phe) is an important commercial amino acid. It is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, the requirement of L-Phe is increased according to the great demand for the low-calorie sweetener, aspartame. In Escherichia coli, the synthesis of L-Phe is controlled by the multi-hierarchical regulations. AroG isoform of 3-deoxy- D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHP synthase) and chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase (PheA), two important enzymes, are feedback inhibited by LPhe. Co-expression of feedback-resistant pheA (pheA[superscript L359D]) with other pivotal genes in L-Phe biosynthesis pathway: aroB, aroL, phedh, tktA, aroG, pheA, yddG, and glpF in pRSFDuet-1 (pPTFBLYA[superscript L359D]) elevated L-Phe production of E. coli BL21(DE3) 3.78 fold in comparison to that of wildtype (pPTFBLYAwt). In this research, wildtype aroG (aroGwt) and feedback resistant aroG genes (aroGL175D, aroG[superscript Q151L], aroGQ151A and aroG[superscript Q151N]) were cloned into pRSFDuet-1 and then transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). AroGQ151N clone gave the highest specific activity of DAHP synthase in the presence of 20 mM L-Phe. Therefore, E. coli BL21(DE3) containing pBLPTA[superscriptL359D]Gwt & pYF and pBLPTA[superscript L359D]GQ151N & pYF were constructed and their production of LPhe in 6% glycerol medium were determined in comparison to pBLPT & pYF clone. The presence of PheA[superscript L359D] and AroG[superscript Q151N] elevated L-Phe production 8.7 fold while the clone containing AroG[superscript Q151N] produced L-Phe 1.2 fold higher than AroGwt clone.
Development of flotation enhanced stirred tank (FEST) process for petroleum hydrocarbons removal from drill cuttings
Authors:   , Phea Marina
Published: September 2023

This work aims to develop the treatment process for the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from DC by using the combination of air floatation and stirring processes, called Flotation Enhanced Stirred Tank (FEST). Initially, stirring, induced air flotation (IAF), and dissolved air flotation (DAF) are individually investigated over DC washing. Afterward, the combination process between “stirring-DAF" and “stirring-IAF-DAF" are continuously observed for finding the better conditions of TPH removal efficiency. To optimize the operational terms of the treatment process, the Design of Experiment (DOE) is applied to design the experimental conditions within the central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Consequently, the result of the stirring process showed that the higher rotational speed represented a better result of removal efficiency, i.e., 200, 400, and 600 rpm could remove TPH around 20%, 25%, and 30%, respectively, for 1h of treatment time. In IAF treatment, the results indicated that the lowest airflow rate (1 LPM) gave the least treatment performance compared to the higher airflow rate (2-3 LPM). After 60 min of treatment time, the washing performance using 2 and 3 LPM was about 28% and 30% of the removal percentage, respectively, while it showed roughly 22% of TPH that eradicated by 1 LPM. Moreover, it was signified that almost 40% of that was removed by microbubbles generated by a saturated pressure 4 bars at the same time in the DAF unit. Hence, to obtain the improved TPH removal percentage, the studied DOE of the combination process between “stirring-DAF" and “stirring-IAF-DAF" were examined. The results demonstrated that the optimum removal percentage would achieve approximately 50% of TPH from DC when Ps was 4 bars, Vm was 400 rpm, and t was 70 min with a correlation R2 = 0.8691. Then, in the three combination units that contained four variables (Qg, Ps, Vm, and t) were analyzed by varying their studied levels in DOE as well. Similarly, the optimum elimination of TPH would receive approximately 60% with the conditions of Qg was 2 LPM, Ps was 2 bars, Vm was 800 rpm, and the time t was 60 min.
Municipal solid waste fly ash washing for cement application
Authors:   , Dontriros Suthatta
Published: September 2023

Waste incineration is general solution to manage of municipal solid waste. However, large amount of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) accumulating heavy metals poses problem to the environment. One of the fundamental treatments is called solidification-stabilization of MSWI FA with cement to cap hazardous elements. Elements such as chloride and sulfate are captured in MSWI FA when it is collected in an air pollution control device causing low compressive strength of concrete. Thus, a further treatment of MSWI FA to remove these salts are required. Therefore, this study investigated MSWI FA treatment by deionized water, 0.01M and 0.1M HNO3, and 0.1M and 0.25M Na2CO3 to remove chloride and sulfate. Physical and chemical structures of treated and untreated MSWI FA was studied to understand the chloride and sulfate removal mechanisms. Treated MSWI FA was further used as cement replacement in mortar, and the compressive strength was tested. Results suggested that all of the treated solutions can equally remove chloride, but Na2CO3 can remove sulfate in highest level. In addition, mortar with DI-water-treated MSWI FA gave the highest compressive strength. Moreover, heavy metals in the mortar leached by Toxicity Characterization Leaching Procedure (TCLP) method pass the standard.
An analysis of momentum strategy’s failure in Stock Exchange of Thailand
Authors:   , Thithapand Intha
Published: September 2023

This study examines the negative return characteristic of momentum strategy, also known as momentum crashes, in Stock Exchange of Thailand from January 2001 to December 2018. This study aims to answer one main question. Do momentum crashes exist in Stock Exchange of Thailand? The result show that momentum crashes do exist in Stock Exchange of Thailand, where momentum portfolio perform poorly during panic state, defined by period that market rebound from its decline with high volatility. This poor performance is mainly driven by the option-like payoff characteristic of momentum portfolio, where the portfolio behave itself as a short call option, the portfolio gains a little when the market decline but loses a lot when the market increase. This option-like characteristic exist only in bear market and mainly driven by loser portfolio. In addition, the Fama-French factor is included into the model in order to see the time-varying characteristic of the factor toward momentum portfolio. The result show that the Fama French factor do not have a time-varying characteristic toward momentum portfolio.
The effect of U.S. Presidential elections on stock market liquidity in emerging economies
Authors:   , Thongsathit Phatarakorn
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the effect of uncertainties that arises from U.S. presidential elections on emerging stock market liquidity over five period of elections from 2000 to 2016. The U.S. presidential elections created two uncertainties, which are political uncertainty and election uncertainty, before the election day. It is argued that the political uncertainty affects the emerging stock market liquidity through the change in future macroeconomic fundamentals while the election uncertainty is an uncertainty about the eventual winner of the election that affects the emerging stock market liquidity through market sentiment. Using monthly Iowa Electronic Markets data, this paper finds the evidence that the political uncertainty has a statistically impact on emerging stock market liquidity while this paper does not find the evidence for the impact of the election uncertainty. The effect of the political uncertainty still has statistically impact on the emerging stock market liquidity even I control the potential effect of macroeconomic variable to the political uncertainty. The result also implies the importance of seperating the two uncertainties during election period into the political uncertainty and the election uncertainty.
Development of composite film coating for freeze-dried fruit slices
Authors:   , Invichian Nichayarach
Published: September 2023

Edible film coating on food before freeze-drying process can be used for food preservation, especially in heat-sensitive food such as fruits and vegetables. Previous studies have been reported that trehalose had the cryoprotective effect and unique properties such as non-reducing sugar and low hygroscopic. However, no research has been conducted on the use of trehalose as film coatings. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a composite film consisting of alginate and trehalose and to evaluate physical properties of freeze-dried ​​fruit slices coated with a composite film. The experiment was designed to prepare a composite film consisting of various concentrations of trehalose, alginate and calcium chloride (3.0-9.0% w/v, 1.2-2.0% w/v and 0.2-0.6% w/v, respectively). The response surface methodology, Box-Behnken design, was used to optimize the factors of composite film preparation which were concentrations of trehalose, alginate and calcium chloride. The study showed that the optimized formula, which gave the least in thickness, opacity, moisture content, and water vapor permeability, could be prepared using 6.71% w/v trehalose, 2.0% w/v alginate and 0.4% w/v calcium chloride. Higher concentrations of trehalose seemed to increase thickness and water vapor permeability of a composite film whereas the moisture content of a composite film was decreased. The effect of composite film coating on physical properties of freeze-dried fruit (apple) slices was determined. After freeze drying, the mass loss of composite film-coated samples was statistically significant higher than the uncoated (control) samples (p<0.05; p=0.001). The water activity of composite film-coated samples was statistically significant lower than the uncoated samples (p<0.05; p=0.001). Moreover, the color h* values of composite film-coated freeze-dried samples were statistically significant higher than the uncoated samples (p<0.05; p=0.047), while the browning index was statistically significant lower than the uncoated group (p<0.05; p=0.034). For freeze-dried samples coated with a composite film stored in a desiccator at 25 ± 5 °C for 4 weeks, the rehydration capacity and firmness of film-coated samples were statistically significant higher than the uncoated samples (p<0.05; p=0.038 and p=0.012, respectively), while the moisture content of film-coated samples was statistically significant lower than the uncoated samples (p<0.05; p=0.002). The results were possibly due to ability of trehalose to form glassy state rather than crystal state during freeze drying and ability to inhibit ice crystal growth. Also, trehalose did not promote the Maillard reaction. In conclusion, the trehalose-alginate composite film could be used as film coating on fruit slices prior to freeze drying process in order to maintain appropriate food properties. Ongoing research should be done on the effectiveness of composite film coating on physical properties of a variety of fruits.
Nutritional status and dietary perceptions in colorectal cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors:   , Raksawongsa Wipapak
Published: September 2023

Colorectal cancer treatment usually involves surgical resection following by adjuvant chemotherapy. Pathology and treatment are major causes of malnutrition. Therefore, this group of patients should receive specific nutritional counseling. Changes in eating behavior occur when the patients perceive the benefits of changes. Dietary perceptions information is useful in nutrition care. The aim of this prospective study was to examine the effect of individualized nutritional counseling on the nutritional status and dietary perceptions of 35 colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from March to November 2019. The data were collected during the first to the third cycles of FOLFOX chemotherapy regimens. The result showed that 60% of patients were normal nutritional status at baseline. Although the patients received nutritional counseling, only 37% of the patients remained normal nutritional status at the end of the study. Patient’s weight and body mass index increased significantly in 74% of the patients (p = 0.032, 0.017; respectively). This weight gain caused by patients’ intake was higher than their requirements. Patients increased proteins intake significantly after nutritional counseling (p < 0.001). The result of the patient’s dietary perceptions showed that the patients increased awareness of diets after nutritional counseling. Patients realized that using supplements foods during received chemotherapy may affect their treatment. Patients had more knowledge to choose diversity foods and adjusted to themselves without affecting their lifestyles. Nutritional counseling should concern both the quantity and the quality of diets.  In addition, nutrition counseling help to improve the patient's knowledge and self-efficacy during treatment.
Geology and mineralization characteristics of epithermal gold, suwan prospect, changwat Phitsanulok
Authors:   , Soisa Tanad
Published: September 2023

The Suwan prospect is located about 6 km northwest of the Chatree gold mine in Phitsanulok province, central Thailand. Gold-silver mineralization occurs as veins and stockworks hosted in volcaniclastic and volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks of Late Permian- Early Triassic age which is classified as a low sulfidation epithermal deposit base on mineralization texture, alteration pattern and sulfide mineral assemblages. From top to bottom, the hosted volcanic succession can be divided into 3 units, namely 1) Felsic volcanic unit (Unit 1), 2) Volcanogenic-sedimentary unit (Unit 2), and 3) Porphyritic andesite unit (Unit 3). Unit 1 consists predominantly of quartz-rich fiamme breccia, lithic-rich fiamme breccia and feldspar-phyric rhyolite breccia. The volcanogenic-sedimentary unit (Unit 2) consists of fine to coarse-grained sandstone, sandy-matrix polymictic breccia, polymictic intermediate-felsic breccia, mudstone and limestone lenses. Unit 3 comprises plagioclase-phyric andesite, plagioclase-hornblende-phyric andesite and monomictic andesitic breccia. At least 3 stages of mineralization have been identified namely, 1) pre-gold stage; quartz-pyrite vein (stage 1), 2) main gold stage; quartz-carbonate-sulfides-electrum vein (stage 2), and 3) post-gold stage; quartz-carbonate vein (stage 3). In the main gold stage (stage 2), pyrite is a major sulfide mineral with minor amount of sphalerite, chalcopyrite and galena. These sulfide minerals are closely associated with quartz, calcite and major gangue minerals of stage 2. Gold mainly occurs as inclusions in pyrite and EPMA analysis confirms that it forms as electrum. On the basis of petrographic observation and X-Ray Diffraction Analyzes (XRD), the hydrothermal alteration at the Suwan prospect can be divided into four zones. From proximal to distal to the ore zone, they are 1) Silicic zone (quartz-adularia), 2) Argillic zone (adularia-quartz-illite-smectite-kaolinite), 3) Propylitic zone (chlorite-calcite) and 4) Clay minerals (illite-smectite-chlorite-kaolinite). Based on geological information such as mineralogy, vein textures, and hydrothermal alteration, the Suwan prospect could be classified as low sulfidation epithermal gold-silver deposit similar to the well known Chatree deposit.
Suid fossils and sedimentology from the Chaloem Phra Kiat and Phimai sandpits, Nakhon Ratchasima province
Authors:   , Kawinate Thunchanok
Published: September 2023

The suid fossils were recorded in fluvial sediments at the Chaloem Phra Kiat and Phimai Districts, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. In this study, numerous suid fossils were identified systematically by the measurement and description in detail of the external morphology of teeth, and comparison with other related species. Sedimentary facies and facies association from stratigraphy of fluvial depositional environment from sandpits have also been studied. 

As a result, sediments from Chaloem Phra Kiat and Phimai sandpits comprise very fine to coarse-grained sand with dominate sedimentary structures of the fluvial deposits. The cumulative stratigraphical thickness of the studied successions was 12-15 m. Seven sedimentary facies have been identified within channel systems, including matrix-supported gravel (Gmg), trough cross-bedded sand (St), ripple cross-laminated sand (Sr), planar cross-bedded sand (Sp), massive mud, silt (Fm), laminated sand, silt and mud (Fl), silt, clay (Fsm). These facies are grouped into Six architectural elements as sandy bedforms (SB),  lateral accretion deposits (LA),  levee deposits (LV), crevasse channel deposits (CR), floodplain deposits (FF), and abandoned channel fills deposits (FF (CH)), each of which is unique in facies association and architectural elements. All of these sediments represent meandering river systems.

The thirty-eight specimens of suid fossils were collected and identified as belonging to four species: Tetraconodon cf. intermedius, Conohyus cf. sindiense, Propotamochoerus cf. hysudricus, and Hippopotamodon cf. sivalense. All these suid taxa are similar to the Siwalik faunas of Pakistan, suggesting a faunal exchange between the Indian subcontinent and Thailand during the Late Miocene.
Ore reserve estimation by using a geostatistical tool at Heinda mine,Tanintharyi region,union of Myanmar
Authors:   , - Aye
Published: September 2023

Heinda mine is one of major tin producers in Myanmar. The mine has been operated for over 100 years. The mine falls at Latitude 14° 8’ N and Longitude 98° 27’ E, approximately about 45 kilometers to the east of Dawei. The ore reserve is the principal factor of mining venture. The aim of this study is to improve the ore reserve estimation by using geostatistical method (ordinary kriging) compared with conventional method (polygonal method) In geostatistical evaluation, it involved variogram analysis, variogram modelling and kriging estimation. The exponential variogram modelling was used to calculate the ordinary kriging estimation. The results showed that the mineral resource by ordinary kriging method at Heinda mine indicates about 117,905 tons (SnO2) and the mineral resource by polygonal method is about 122,460 tons (SnO2). Furthermore, the mineable reserve of ordinary kriging method at Heinda mine indicates about 30,368 tons (SnO2) and the mineable reserve by polygonal method is about 32,349 tons (SnO2). This study is the new ore estimation of Heinda mine with geostatistical method (ordinary kriging). Therefore, the result of estimation may be taken in consideration for the better mining development and future’s plan at the study area.
Inhalation exposure and urinary level of heavy metals of electronic waste dismantling workers in Buriram, Thailand.
Authors:   , Wongsabsakul Panvarong
Published: September 2023

The main objective of this study was to assess the health risk of electronic waste dismantling workers exposed to heavy metal (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mn, and Zn) in PM10 using urinary heavy metals as a biomarker. The levels of heavy metals in the urine of non- and e-waste dismantling workers in consequence of the exposure to heavy metals in PM10 were investigated at Daengyai sub-district, Banmaichaiyapot district, and Banpao sub-district, Phutthaisong district, Buriram province, from February to March 2019. A face-to-face interview using a questionnaire was carried out to get additional information from the target participants. The heavy metals in PM10 and urine were analyzed by ICP-MS. The result showed that the mean concentration of heavy metals in PM10 of e-waste dismantling workers (exposure group) was significant higher than that of non-e-waste dismantling workers (control group) at p < 0.05, especially the concentrations of Cu (0.37±0.29 µg/m3) and Pb (0.37±0.22 µg/m3)for the exposure group were higher than those of the control groups, i.e. 0.20±0.17 and 0.22±0.11 µg/m3, respectively. The mean concentration of Cd and Pb in the urine of the exposure group (0.90±0.47 and 8.19±6.13 µg/g creatinine) were higher than the control groups (0.72±0.53 and 4.38±3.32 µg/g creatinine, respectively) at p < 0.05. The amount of Pb in the urine of both target groups was positive significantly correlated to its concentration in PM10 (p < 0.05). The health risk assessment of non-carcinogenic substances found that 95% CI of HQ of the e-waste dismantling worker exposed to As, Cr, and Mn were 16.7-28.6, 3.4-5.3 and 4.2-5.5, respectively, and those of the control group were 12.6-18.5, 1.8-3.8 and 2.81-4.4 respectively, which were higher than the acceptable risk (HQ >1). For the 95% CI of lifetime cancer risk (LCR) over the life expectancy of 70 years of both groups, the LCR of exposure to Cd, Cr and Ni in this study area was found to exceed an acceptable criteria (10-6), the LCRs of the e-waste dismantling workers were 8.61 -11. 9 × 10-6, 1.45-2.48 × 10-3, and 4.20-6.39 × 10-6, and those for the control group were the values of 4.62-8.80 × 10-6, 0.84-1.80 × 10-3, and 3.22-6.62 × 10-6, respectively.
PM2.5, PM10 air pollution and associated heavy metals in traffic congested and construction areas of Bangkok
Authors:   , Thammasaroj Paphinwit
Published: September 2023

The capital city of Thailand, Bangkok, is facing a serious problem caused by overpopulation and traffic congestion. In the this work, particulate matter, both PM2.5 (diameter < 2.5 μm) and PM10 (diameter < 10 μm) were quantified at the road nears construction areas and road with high traffic; compared with a control area. The sampling area comprised of Pattanakarn Road and Srinagarindra Road located on the eastern route, located between the inbound and outbound junction. Mini-volume air sampler was used to collect PM2.5, while cyclone air samplers were used to collect PM10. The samples were collected from November to December 2018, for 12 hours per day for 5 days at each sites. The collected samples were then digested by using microwave digestion for heavy metal components like Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. Then, they were analyzed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) to quantify the heavy metal concentrations. Video recorders were installed at each sampling areas to monitor the traffic flow and it was found that construction areas were the most crowded. The average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in the construction areas were higher than those in traffic areas with no construction and the background site (a park), which had no impacts from construction and traffic. Heavy metals associated with particulate matter emitted during construction activities is an emerging environmental issue; however, construction activities are required for convenience and development. This study provides important data required to monitor the future trends of air pollution sources.
Blood lead and cadmium levels of e-waste dismantling workers from inhalation exposure to PM2.5 and PM2.5-10, Buriram, Thailand
Authors:   , Sirichai Thidarat
Published: September 2023

This research aims to investigate blood lead and cadmium levels in associated with inhalation exposure of Pb and Cd in PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 of the e-waste dismantling workers and non-e-waste dismantling workers in Daeng Yai sub-district, Ban Mai Chaiyapot district, and Ban Pao sub-district, Puttatisong district, Buriram, Thailand, during May to August 2019. Blood samples were collected on the next day after the air sampling. Pb and Cd in blood and air samples were quantitatively analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean blood lead levels of e-waste workers from Daeng Yai sub-district, and Ban Pao sub-district, and non-e-waste workers were 5.63±2.86, 3.92±1.13 and 2.84±0.72 µg/dl, respectively. The mean blood cadmium levels were found at 0.97±0.43 and 1.12±0.43 µg/l for e-waste workers both sub-districts in respectively, and 1.15±0.38 µg/l for non-e-waste workers. The blood lead levels of e-waste workers were significantly higher than those of non-e-waste workers (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the three target groups. The concentration of Pb in PM2.5 exposed by e-waste workers (18.95±23.12 ng/m3) was found significantly higher than those of non-e-waste workers (12.69±37.40 ng/m3). For Cd, the mean concentration of Cd in PM2.5-10 exposed by e-waste workers (2.03±1.27 ng/m3) were significantly higher than those of non-e-waste worker (1.06±0.99 ng/m3) (p < 0.05). While the mean concentration of Pb in PM2.5-10 and of Cd in PM2.5 between all groups were not significantly different. Pb concentration in PM2.5 was positively and significantly associated with blood lead levels (r = 0.211, p=0.050). E-waste dismantling occupation was a significantly associated risk factor of blood lead levels. Moreover, gender as a host factor could influence blood lead and cadmium levels. In addition, the workers who wore mask, gloves, and sneakers as personal protective equipment (PPE) could be likely found to pose a lower risk of exposure to lead and cadmium and also lower blood lead and cadmium levels.
Mental health and employment status : evidence from Thailand
Authors:   , Suwannasin Patchara
Published: September 2023

Mental health and mental disorder are significantly considered to be a worldwide issue nowadays such as depression and suicidal. Moreover, the problem of employment still occurs as an aspect of unemployment or employment status issues in those people who work in each economic sector. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of employment status on mental health and to investigate the relationship between personal characteristics and mental health in Thailand. Moreover, the channels that employment may affect mental health also were investigated in this study. A cross-sectional data, 2014 Thailand survey on conditions of society, culture, and mental health (Thai happiness) from the National Statistical Office Thailand, is used for the study. The data were including 9,260 who are not working (28.09%), 11,039 agricultural workers (33.48%), 2,332 industrial workers (7.07%) and 10,339 service workforces (31.36%). For the mental health state, it was measured using the Thai Mental Health Indicator (TMHI) of the SF-15, including good mental health state, normal mental health state, and poor mental health state. Descriptive statistics analysis was used to describe the baseline characteristics of samples and ordered logistic regressions were used to determine the level of mental health state for people in each employment status. Thereafter, marginal effects were computed to obtain the effect of each employment status, socioeconomic-demographic, and community characteristics variable on the probability of each mental health state. The result revealed that the majority of participants have normal mental health state (56.6%), was female (59.2%), aged over 40 years (72.17%), married (67.9%), and lived in urban areas (54.6%). The results show that employment could impact on the mental health in term of not-working people and agriculture employed, which they experienced lower mental health state than people worked in the industrial sector and the main reason that found in this study it is through income mechanism. Additionally, being females, being head of household, and having insufficient income also had a statistically significant negative correlation to good mental health state in Thai people. Regarding the study results, the agricultural sector is the major employment sector in Thailand, encouraging from the Thai government especially agricultural activities could partially improve the mental health of Thai people. The not-working dimension is one of the concerning issues for the government to support, because it can impact a person’s standard of living. When those who are not working have a poor mental health state, it may lead to social problems. Also, the Thai government should consider the impact of insufficient income on mental health state as presented in this study by the perception of income.
The health impacts of groundwater salinity among household members with different wealth indexes in coastal Bangladesh
Authors:   , Amin Shayan
Published: September 2023

Individual and household level health impacts are related to their wealth, a connection that expands into impacts from drinking water quality. Using the Bangladesh Poverty and Groundwater Salinity Survey 2016, this study examines the relationship of self-reported groundwater salinity on self-reported health impacts that are common symptoms of hypertension among individuals for an association with household-level wealth quintiles. This study is unique in substantiating the health-wealth relationship for the climate-change vulnerable people of southwest coastal Bangladesh, where so far studies on the impact of drinking water salinity have focused on direct health impacts and willingness-to-pay for drinking water and healthcare. After using a factor analysis to form wealth quintiles, a statistically significant link between the summation of hypertension symptoms (the outcome variable in a Poisson regression; severe headaches, nosebleeds, severe anxiety, shortness of breath) and the bottom four quintiles was found, positively associated and progressively larger as wealth diminished. Additionally, there was a statistically significant positive association found with the health impacts on individuals and both households' self-reported salinity contamination and water tasting highly saline. Age, being female, average water consumption and distance to water sources were also significantly and positively associated with health outcomes. This study would be improved by accurate blood pressure measures and scientific testing of respondents’ water sources for salinity levels and composition. Further study is necessary to look into the health impact of drinking water salinity on vulnerable populations in different wealth strata.
Governmentality, resettlement, and resistance of ethnic minority migrants in Vietnam: a case study in Dak Lak province
Authors:   , Doan Chau
Published: September 2023

This research aimed to learn about the governmentality of the Vietnamese state toward ethnic minority migrants, through the examination of resettlement policy. This study focused on the case study in Cu Kbang commune, Ea Sup district, Dak Lak province, Vietnam. Base on the concepts of "The will to improve" of Tania Li (T. Li, 2007), the researchers examined the resettlement policy as a solution proposed by the Government to resolve the situation of the ethnic minority migration in Central Highland Vietnam. The research used the qualitative methodology and discourse analysis regarding the conceptual framework of Escobar and Li on policy discourse analysis (Escobar, 2011; T. Li, 2007). Hence, the research examines the problems in three-layer: the discourse from above resulting at the resettlement solution; the ethnic minorities rationalize to migrating and interacting with the resettlement policy; the ground situations as the consequents of two discourse interactions. The research found that ethnic minority behaviors have shaped by the governmentality of the state. Not only the migration act but also how they interact with the resettlement policy at the immigrant place. Also, the local authorities have pointed out the ethnic minority migrant is the group that needs to help to have a better life. Thus, the resettlement policy has been proposed to solve the problem — however, the ethnic minority's wish and the government vision not match. As a result, the resettle migrant life still dealing with a lot of challenges. Nevertheless, there a group of migrants refused to resettle and has shown a resistance act toward the policy. The research argument the resettlement is the technical solution of governmentality, representing the government discourse. Moreover, showing the control attempt toward the ethnic minorities, thus, shaping their behaviors toward the government vision.
Toward decent work agenda: case study of domestic care workers in Thailand's care economy
Authors:   , Anukul Cholnapa
Published: September 2023

Ageing population is global phenomenon. As it causes deficit workforce and family structural change, more care job opportunities are provided. Nevertheless, global care workers are experiencing poor working conditions involving low wage, less social security and hard work. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of indecent work among paid domestic care workers in Thailand, with the aim to give voice and enhance visibility of them. Research methodology includes decent work related regulations and a set of care policies review and eight in-depth interviews of paid domestic care workers. Results are that (i) Thai regulations is inadequate to reward more decent work and unfriendly for representation of care workers. Care policies recognize the role of unpaid volunteer care work. (ii) All paid domestic care workers in this study experienced indecent working conditions and perceive care work as indecent work. Significant finding is that paid domestic care worker are trapped within indecent care work because of three factors, which are invisibility, structural inequality and cultural norms. Apart from changing legal framework, three interventions approaches are recommended: (i) making care work more visible; (ii) tackling inequality within care policies for all workers; and (iii) development of people’s decent work definition.
The effects of terrorism on girls’ access to education: a case study of swat valley (of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Pakistan
Authors:   , Khan Shahaba
Published: September 2023

Using Women Rights and the Feminist theory on Education, the thesis is aimed to evaluate the effects of terrorism on females of Mingora, Swat, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwah Province in Pakistan. The objective is to analyze the damages caused by extremists to girls’ education in terms of barring them from attending schools and institutions, assassinating and injuring teachers and students, inflicting and causing damages to infrastructure by bombing and destroying schools and college buildings. Secondary data was used as well as video link and phone call interviews as well as the researchers’ observations and documents are also used as the means of data collection. The thesis finds that female students of Swat were vulnerable to severe human rights abuses. These students struggled to recover from the miseries inflicted upon them i.e. ban on girls’ education, oppression of human rights especially women’s right, displacement, social and psychological pressures.  As for the social and cultural dimensions, females in general and girls’ students in particular got much more affected than their male counterparts in Mingora, the Swat region.  Their economic, cultural and social liberties were forcefully seized. The slow process of rehabilitation has put a lot of negative mental and psychological effects on the sufferers. Recommendations are suggested for policy implications. To reinvigorate and restructure the provincial educational system, the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province also needs to bring into action its Act XII-2017 that ensures building a mechanism for the provision of free and compulsory education to the age group of 5 to 16.  In addition, to enforce the National Action Plan which was agreed upon by the National Security Council (NSC) for the purpose of eradicating extremists’ ideology from the society by confiscating the hate material, arresting and punishing the propagators of religious hatred, social and gender discriminators.
Towards sustainable livelihoods in the industrailizing economy: a case study of the agricultural communities in the eastern economic corridor, Thailand
Authors:   , Puttachoo Sirapat
Published: September 2023

Whilst, the associated development policies and government services for agricultural development under Thailand 4.0 in the Eastern Economic Corridor has potential implication to provide the opportunity for the agricultural community to greater their income and enhance well-being. However, there are few studies assessing the community capacity toward those opportunities. The capacity is the key feature for community development. It can also become the justification for accessibility into the new dynamic of the structural development. Insufficient or mismatched capacity with the current innovation activity and economic system could become a barrier for the community to access the range of project’s benefits. Two community enterprises in Map Ta Phut, “Biodiversity-based community enterprise, Krok Yai Cha” and “Khod Hin Organic Farm Community Enterprise” are potential sources to apprehend the role of agent-oriented development. Most of the community members remain working in the agricultural sectors, significantly tropical fruit farm. The community enterprise has been established to respond to both opportunity and the challenge of socio-economic transformation in dual-economic development. By using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework allows the study to understand the complexity of factors that influence the local livelihoods. Particularly, the framework provides the understanding of interaction among the five components of the vulnerability context, assets pentagon, livelihoods strategy, and institution and process which influence decision and choice of people to generate livelihood outcome. Livelihoods assets and livelihoods strategy which the community has generated the solution and organized the activities and projects for livelihoods development for example community tourisms, bio-fertilizer production and groundwater banks. The innovation for inclusive development by diversity of partnership and the role of participatory development has a significant implication for sustainable livelihoods and capacity development of this case study.
The determinant of international sovereign bond financing in developing countries
Authors:   , Varaputtanon Thanatcha
Published: September 2023

Governments need to secure finance for their country’s public projects. There are various ways for governments to acquire funds, for example, through taxation, borrowing money from international banks, issuing government bonds, and so on. For developing countries, a government may consider issuing international sovereign bonds to meet the country’s financial needs. This thesis looks at the determinants of international sovereign bond financing by 36 emerging economies using data collected from the Bloomberg terminal on international sovereign bonds issued between 1996 and 2016. The thesis adopts the discrete choice logit-fixed effect model to empirically verify factors suggested by S&P (2014) that determine international bond issuance. Among five factors, government effectiveness is found to be statistically significant and positively related international bond issuance. Other factors such as GDP growth, Trade, and General government final consumption expenditure, were found to be positively related to international sovereign bond issuance but were not statistically significant.
Normalized hodge laplacian matrix and its spectrum
Authors:   , Ponoi Nalinpat
Published: September 2023

Let ? be a simplicial complex, ?[
Subscript ?] ∶ ?[
Subscript ?] → ?[
Subscript ?−1] a boundary map on ? and ?[
Subscript ?] a matrix representation of ?[
Subscript ?]. A Hodge ?-Laplacian matrix on simplicial complexes is defined by ?[
Subscript ?]
Cardinal characteristics associated with families of functions and permutations
Authors:   , Sonpanow Nattapon
Published: September 2023

The Continuum Hypothesis (CH) states that the size of the set of real numbers c is the least uncountable cardinal, i.e. c = N₁. In the absence of CH, it is possible that there are cardinals that lie between N₁ and c. Many of them are cardinals of infinite families related to some concepts in infinite combinatorics, called cardinal characteristics. Most of these cardinals are defined on families of infinite sets of natural numbers. We study families of functions and permutations on the set of natural numbers with some combinatorial properties and associated cardinal characteristics. We give relations among these cardinals and other well-known ones as well as related consistency results.
Enhanced propagation yield of influenza viruses for vaccine production through cellular microRNAs regulation
Authors:   , Saengchoowong Suthat
Published: September 2023

Annual influenza vaccination aims to prevent influenza virus infection thus reduce the incidence of infection and disease in humans. Nowadays, Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture-based system has been approved as an alternative for influenza vaccine production. Although cellular microRNAs may play an important role in controlling the replication of viruses, the interaction between human seasonal influenza viruses and host microRNAs has not been investigated in this permissive cell line. The primary objective of this study is to improve the yield of seasonal influenza virus (i.e. vaccine virus) production via manipulation of the host microRNAs. MDCK cells were infected with influenza A (pH1N1 or H3N2) or influenza B (Victoria or Yamagata) virus at MOI of 0.01. After collection at 6, 12, and 24 hours post-infection, microRNAs were subjected to massively parallel sequencing using MiSeq platform (Illumina). The profiles of microRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR. To evaluate the effect of candidate microRNAs on viral replication, MDCK cells were transfected with either microRNA inhibitors or microRNA over-expressing plasmids, followed by the infection of influenza viruses. The supernatants were collected at 48 hours post-infection, and the amount of virus was quantified by RT-qPCR and ELISA method. Moreover, in silico predicted microRNA binding sites were further verified by 3'-UTR reporter and dual luciferase assays. Furthermore, the effect of microRNA inhibitors on antigenic HA and NA sequences was also investigated. The results showed that four validated microRNAs including cfa-miR-340, cfa-miR-146b, cfa-miR-197, and cfa-miR-215 were most commonly upregulated upon infection with different seasonal influenza viruses. Among these microRNAs, cfa-miR-146b is a candidate target for microRNA inhibition to increase the production of A/pH1N1 and B/Yamagata viruses. Furthermore, cfa-miR-215 inhibition may be another good strategy for enhancing A/pH1N1 and B/Victoria viral production. On the other hand, the inhibition of cfa-miR-197 may be useful for the propagation of A/H3N2 virus. Moreover, the dual luciferase assay was used to evaluate microRNA binding sites. The results showed that the PB1 gene of A/pH1N1 virus is a direct target of cfa-miR-146b and cfa-miR-215, whereas the PB2 gene of A/H3N2 virus was silenced by cfa-miR-197. Whilst cfa-miR-146b targeted the PA gene of B/Yamagata, cfa-miR-215 silenced the PB1 gene of B/Victoria. Lastly, the sequencing results demonstrated that there was no change in antigenic HA and NA sequences between the viruses from the cells treated with microRNA inhibitors and the parental viruses. Taken together, it is demonstrated that microRNAs target viral genes in a strain-specific manner, leading to suppression of viral replication. Conversely, propagation of influenza viruses could be enhanced by the utilisation of microRNA inhibitors.
Antioxidant and antibacterial agents from parmotrema dilatatum (Vainio) hale, knema angustifolia (Roxb.) warb. and persicaria odorata lour
Authors:   , Devi Asshaima
Published: September 2023

In the search of antioxidant and antibacterial agents, the extracts and isolated compounds from lichen Parmotrema dilatatum, Knema angustifolia full name, Persicaria odorata and Mansonia gagei. were examined. Nine compounds were isolated from lichen P. dilatatum including (E)-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl)benzoate (PD.1), hopane-16ß,22-diol (PD.2), methyl orsellinate (PD.3), methyl haemmatomate (PD.4), methyl ß-orcinolcarboxylate (PD.5), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acid (PD.6), atranol (PD.7), atranorin (PD.8) and lecanorin (PD.9). The dichloromethane and acetone fractions, and atranol (PD.7) gave excellent activities as antioxidants. While in tyrosinase activity the dichloromethane fraction and atranorin (PD.8) showed the highest inhibition. For α-glucosidase inhibition activity, the methanol fraction and methyl haemmatommate (PD.4) revealed the highest activity. The extracts and major constituents from K. angustifolia, P. odorata and M. gagei were determined for their biological activities. Amongst plants K. angustifolia was showed potential activity in DPPH, ABTS, antibacterial, tyrosinase assay and anti α-glucosidase assay. Meanwhile, quercetin isolated from K. angustifolia exhibited prospective antioxidants, anti-tyrosinase and anti-diabetic activities. MG1 and MG3 derivatives of mansonone G showed synergistic effect against S. aureus when combined with streptomycin. Mansonone G and all derivatives showed synergistic effect against S. aureus and S. mutans when combined with tetracycline.