bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of C(sp3)−H Bonds
Authors: Sterckx Hans , Morel Bénédicte , Maes Bert U. W.
Published: July 2018

Oxidation reactions are a key technology to transform hydrocarbons from petroleum feedstock into chemicals of a higher oxidation state, allowing further chemical transformations. These bulk‐scale oxidation processes usually employ molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant as at this scale it is typically the only economically viable oxidant. The produced commodity chemicals possess limited functionality and usually show a high degree of symmetry thereby avoiding selectivity issues. In sharp contrast, in the production of fine chemicals preference is still given to classical oxidants. Considering the strive for greener production processes, the use of O2, the most abundant and greenest oxidant, is a logical choice. Given the rich functionality and complexity of fine chemicals, achieving regio/chemoselectivity is a major challenge. This review presents an overview of the most important catalytic systems recently described for aerobic oxidation, and the current insight in their reaction mechanism.
Synthesis, DNA binding mode, singlet oxygen photogeneration and DNA photocleavage activity of ruthenium compounds with porphyrin–imidazo[4,5‐f]phenanthroline conjugated ligand
Authors: Jiang Jun , Liu Dan , Zhao Yimei , Wu Fengshou , Yang Ke , Wang Kai
Published: July 2018

Using 1,10‐phenanothroline‐5,6‐dione and 10,20‐bis(4‐methylphenyl)porphyrin copper as starting materials, a conjugated porphyrin–imidazo[4,5‐f]‐1,10‐phenanothroline ligand (Por1) was prepared. Subsequently, the copper complex of Por1was reacted with Ru(1,10‐phenanothroline)2Cl2to yield ruthenium compound Por2. After removal of copper metal under acid condition, the free base porphyrin of Por2(Por3) was prepared. The structure of these compounds was confirmed using UV–visible,1H NMR, mass and infrared spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Through UV–visible, fluorescence and circular dichroism analyses, the interaction modes between Por1–3and calf thymus DNA were investigated. Por1interacted with DNA via outside groove face, but Por2and Por3showed intercalative interaction with DNA. Binding constants between Por1–3and DNA were 7.79 × 105, 1.29 × 106and 1.32 × 106 M−1, respectively. With 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) as a control, the singlet oxygen (1O2) generation of Por1–3was measured using the 1,3‐diphenylisobenzofuran method. The1O2generation rate of Por1–3followed the order: Por3>Por1>H2TPPP >Por2. Por1and Por3showed better1O2quantum yields than Por2, which were almost threefold higher than that of H2TPP. The DNA cleavage ability of Por1–3was analyzed using gel electrophoresis. Por3showed higher DNA photocleavage activity, with more than 50% photocleavage rate at 20 μM. These results suggest that amphipathic (hydrophilic/lipophilic) Por3with conjugated Por1ligand is a potential photosensitizer in cancer therapy.
Species identification of two closely exploited flatfish, turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and brill (Scophthalmus rhombus), using a ddRADseq genomic approach
Authors: Maroso Francesco , Casanova Adrián , do Prado Fernanda D. , Bouza Carmen , Pardo Belén G. , Blanco Andrés , Hermida Miguel , Fernández Carlos , Vera Manuel , Martínez Paulino
Published: July 2018

Application of genomics tools for conservation purposes (i.e. conservation genomics) allows looking deep into the genetic structure and adaptations of populations and species in order to define management units, trace exploited stocks, and identification of species.

In this work, a double‐digestion restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) approach was performed to identify individuals belonging to two important commercial flatfish, the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and the brill (Scophthalmus rhombus), and their potential hybrids.

A total of 83 diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between brill and turbot were detected in the genomic RAD‐tag database created with 122 turbot and 20 brill individuals. Markers consisted of an SNP with alternative alleles fixed in each species. From these diagnostic markers, a molecular tool comprising 10 SNPs located far apart in the turbot genome (>100 kb) was successfully designed and validated using the SNaPshot® method from a new sample set of 154 brill and turbot samples distributed throughout the natural range of both species. Additionally, 10 individuals (two turbot and eight brill) previously genotyped with ddRADseq were genotyped with SNaPshot to check for genotyping accuracy.

ddRADseq and SNaPshot genotyping of these 10 markers were identical in the 10 individuals used as controls. Species assignment based on the SNP tool corresponded with phenotypic identification for all samples. Using the SNP tool in a set of 29 unknown samples, all individuals were identified as S. maximus except one identified as a hybrid (heterozygous for all diagnostic SNPs).

The methodology (i.e. ddRADseq) has enabled the development of a helpful traceability tool for sustainable management and conservation of turbot and brill resources. Similar approaches could also be applied to other non‐model organisms despite lacking an assembled genome.
Demographics and length and weight relationships of commercially important sharks along the north‐western coast of India
Authors: Barnes Alissa , Sutaria Dipani , Harry Alastair V. , Jabado Rima W.
Published: July 2018

Biological data including size, sex ratios, male maturity, and length and weight relationships for four commercially important shark species, including the milk shark (Rhizoprionodon acutus Rüppell, 1837), the grey sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964), the spadenose shark (Scoliodon laticaudus Muller & Henle, 1838), and the bigeye smoothhound shark (Iago omanensis Norman, 1939), landed in Porbandar, Gujarat, India, are provided.

All four species were landed by trawlers and gill‐netters across three defined seasons, with seasonal differences. Higher proportions of mature R. acutus and S. laticaudus were observed in the pre‐monsoon season, with neonates caught throughout the year, whereas higher proportions of mature R. oligolinx and I. omanensis were recorded during the monsoon season, with neonates caught in post‐monsoon and pre‐monsoon, respectively, showing important species‐level differences.

These small‐bodied shark species (less than 1 m in total length) showed positive allometry in their length and weight relationships. Unlike the other three species, I. omanensis showed high disparity in total lengths (LT) between the sexes, with females being larger than males, and with males maturing faster, with the smallest mature male of 33.58 cm LT. Females outnumbered males except in R. acutus, and pregnant females of all species were recorded at least once. Of the 971 males recorded across species, 55.1% were mature and 44.9% were immature.

Results from this study indicate that there is substantial overlap between the distributions of these species and fishing activities, and show that most, if not all, life stages are susceptible to mortality as a result of fishing.

This study provides managers with a better understanding of the life‐history traits of these commercially important species to support future quantitative population assessments, and provides a baseline of trends in fishing‐related mortality.
A perturbed gamma degradation process with degradation dependent non‐Gaussian measurement errors
Authors: Giorgio Massimiliano , Mele Agostino , Pulcini Gianpaolo
Published: July 2018

This paper proposes and illustrates a new perturbed gamma degradation process where the measurement error is modeled as a non‐Gaussian random variable that depends stochastically on the actual degradation level. The expression of the likelihood function for a generic set of noisy degradation measurements is derived, and the expression of the remaining useful life distribution of a degrading unit that fails when its degradation level exceeds a given threshold limit is formulated. A particle filter method is suggested, which allows one to compute the likelihood function and to estimate the remaining useful life distribution in a quick yet efficient manner. In addition, a closed‐form approximation of the perturbed gamma process is proposed to use in the special, yet meaningful, case where the standard deviation of the measurement error depends linearly on the actual degradation level. Finally, an applicative example is discussed, where the parameters of the perturbed gamma process, the remaining useful life distribution, and the mean remaining useful life of the degrading units are estimated from a set of noisy real degradation data.
Comparative evaluation of lignocellulosic biorefinery scenarios under a life‐cycle assessment approach
Authors: Bello Sara , Ríos Carmen , Feijoo Gumersindo , Moreira María Teresa
Published: July 2018

The exploitation of lignocellulosic materials with the aim of producing high value‐added products will potentially counteract concerns such as depletion of fossil resources or exponential population growth. The present study focuses on the assessment of an integrated process based on organosolv fractionation of residual beech woodchips, with the objective of implementing concepts such as circular economy or process integration. The life‐cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and the eco‐efficiency concept allow for a holistic analysis of sustainability in terms of the system's environmental approach.

The results show that the pre‐treatment of biomass together with the energy demands of the process and enzyme production constitute the hotspots of the system. Analyzing the system by means of the ecoefficiency indicator demonstrates that broadening the multi‐production spectrum of a biorefinery provides better results when production volume and processing steps fit environmental and techno‐economical requirements. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Reversible Shrinkage of DNA‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies Revealed by Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Yu Li , Akiyama Yoshitsugu , Takarada Tohru , Maeda Mizuo
Published: July 2018

A technique for tuning interparticle distance in plasmonic gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assemblies has shown great potential for the development of optoelectronic nanodevices. However, it still remains a challenge to reversibly alter the distance in a facile manner. DNA‐templated AuNP assemblies are among the mostly investigated plasmonic nanomaterials. In previous work, salt‐induced structural shrinkage of DNA‐templated AuNP (5 nm in diameter) dimers/trimers is demonstrated only by electron microscopic analyses. In the present study, interparticle distance is modulated in larger AuNP (15 nm or 20 nm in diameter) dimers that exhibit strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The reversible SPR shift is achieved by using the temperature‐dependent shrinkage/extension of the DNA‐templated AuNP dimers. The present proof‐of‐concept study suggests a potential application of the reversible structural change to optical switching.
A novel SETX gene mutation associated with Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ma Limin , Shi Yingying , Chen Zhongcan , Li Shujian , Zhang Jiewen
Published: July 2018

Objects

This study aimed to report a novel point mutation associated with juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS) in a Chinese Han family.

Methods

Detailed clinical assessment was applied to two patients, including proband (II‐2) and his mother (I‐2). Next‐generation sequencing (NGS), also known as high‐throughput sequencing in whole exon sequence, was performed in the proband to reach the target region. Sanger sequencing was also used to detect DNA sequence variants of the proband and other three members of his family.

Results

The proband (II‐2) and his mother (I‐2) were successfully diagnosed according to the clinical manifestations and physical examination. A novel point mutation c.1157T > C in the exon 10 of the SETX gene was identified in II‐2 and I‐2, resulting in a substitution of methionine (ATG) to threonine (ACG). However, we ultimately did not find the same variant in the other two normal members of his family in addition to 100 unrelated normal subjects.

Conclusion

We presented a novel probably pathogenic missense mutation in exon 10 of SETX gene in a Chinese Han family with JALS.
Saponins and microbial biosurfactants: Potential raw materials for the formulation of cosmetics
Authors: Bezerra Káren Gercyane O. , Rufino Raquel D. , Luna Juliana M. , Sarubbo Leonie A.
Published: July 2018

The cosmetic industry is currently one of the fasting growing sections of the economy in many countries. The recent tendency toward the use of cosmetics of a natural origin has driven the industry to seek alternatives to synthetic components in the formulation of products. Biosurfactants are natural compounds that have considerable potential for application in the formulation of safe, effective cosmetics as a replacement for commonly used chemical tensioactive agents. The present review provides essential information on the physicochemical and biological properties of saponins and microbial biosurfactants employed in cosmetic products, with a focus on the use of these natural compounds in shampoos, addressing the current state of research and patents involving biosurfactants for this purpose. The challenges and prospects of this cosmetic application are also discussed. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1482–1493, 2018
High glucose condition limited the angiogenic/cardiogenic capacity of murine cardiac progenitor cells in in vitro and in vivo milieu
Authors: Khaksar Majid , Sayyari Mansour , Rezaie Jafar , Pouyafar Ayda , Montazersaheb Soheila , Rahbarghazi Reza
Published: July 2018

Murine c‐kit+ cardiac cells were isolated and enriched by magnetic activated cell sorting technique. c‐kit+ cells viability and colony‐forming activity were evaluated by MTT and clonogenic assay. c‐kit+ cells were exposed to endothelial, pericyte, and cardiomyocyte induction media containing 30mM glucose for 7 days. We monitored the level of endothelial (VE‐cadherin, CD31, and vWF), pericyte (NG2, α‐SMA, and PDGFR‐β), and cardiomyocyte markers (cTnT) using flow cytometry, real‐time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) analyses. Ultrastructural changes were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in cells treated with 5‐Azacytidine and 30mM glucose. Matrigel plug assay was performed to determine the angio/cardiogenic property of c‐kit+ cells in a diabetic mouse model. Glucose of 30mM decreased c‐kit+ cells viability and clonogenicity (P < 0.05). The transdifferentiation capacity of c‐kit+ cells into the endothelial lineage, pericytes, and cardiomyocytes were reduced through the inhibition of related genes (P < 0.05). TEM analysis revealed cardiomyocyte differentiation rate in c‐kit+ cells coincided with an increased intracellular lipid accumulation and reduced number of mitochondria. Similar to in vitro condition, the angiogenic capacity of c‐kit+ cells was aborted in vivo indicated by reduced NG2, α‐SMA, CD31, and vWF levels. High glucose condition reduces the angio/cardiogenic capacity of cardiac c‐kit+ cells in vitro and in vivo.

Significance of the study

High glucose condition seen in diabetes mellitus could affect the regenerative potential of cardiac tissue. The current experiment showed that the exposure of murine cardiac progenitor cells (CD117+ cells) to condition containing 30mM glucose could decrease the differentiation properties into endothelial cells, pericytes, and mature cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Our finding confirmed that the angiogenic/cardiogenic potential cardiac progenitor cells decrease under treatment with high glucose content as seen in the diabetic condition.
Nanoscopic Characterisation of Individual Endogenous Protein Aggregates in Human Neuronal Cells
Authors: Whiten Daniel R. , Zuo Yukun , Calo Laura , Choi Minee‐Liane , De Suman , Flagmeier Patrick , Wirthensohn David C. , Kundel Franziska , Ranasinghe Rohan T. , Sanchez Santiago E. , Athauda Dilan , Lee Steven F. , Dobson Christopher M. , Gandhi Sonia , Spillantini Maria‐Grazia , Klenerman David , Horrocks Mathew H.
Published: July 2018

The aberrant misfolding and subsequent conversion of monomeric protein into amyloid aggregates characterises many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. These aggregates are highly heterogeneous in structure, generally of low abundance and typically smaller than the diffraction limit of light (≈250 nm). To overcome the challenges these characteristics pose to the study of endogenous aggregates formed in cells, we have developed a method to characterise them at the nanometre scale without the need for a conjugated fluorophore. Using a combination of DNA PAINT and an amyloid‐specific aptamer, we demonstrate that this technique is able to detect and super‐resolve a range of aggregated species, including those formed by α‐synuclein and amyloid‐β. Additionally, this method enables endogenous protein aggregates within cells to be characterised. We found that neuronal cells derived from patients with Parkinson's disease contain a larger number of protein aggregates than those from healthy controls.
A comprehensive meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing drug‐eluting stents with bare‐metal stents in saphenous vein graft interventions
Authors: Shah Rahman , Jovin Ion S. , Latham Samuel B. , Hesterberg Kirstin , Heckle Mark R. , Rashid Abdul , Vetrovec George W.
Published: July 2018

Background

Several large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have proven the superiority of drug‐eluting stents (DESs) over bare‐metal stents (BMSs) for native coronary stenosis. However, RCTs comparing DESs with BMSs for SVG lesions have predominantly been small in size and have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, we conducted an updated comprehensive meta‐analysis of RCTs comparing DESs versus BMSs for SVG interventions using the largest sample size to date.

Methods

Scientific databases and websites were searched to find RCTs. Data from six RCTs involving 1,582 patients were included. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) were calculated using random‐effects models. The primary outcome of this meta‐analysis was target vessel revascularization (TVR). The secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis, all‐cause mortality, and cardiac mortality.

Results

Data from six RCTs involving 1,582 patients were included. Saphenous vein graft interventions with DESs reduced TVR (RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.30–0.88; P = 0.017) and MACE rate (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42–0.87; P = 0.007) compared to BMSs. No difference between the stents were found in rates of MI (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.43–1.10; P = 0.123), stent thrombosis (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.27–1.41; P = 0.255), all‐cause mortality (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.74–1.71; P = 0.554), or cardiac mortality.

Conclusion

For SVG intervention, the MACE rate was lower for DESs compared to BMSs, driven primarily by decreased non‐MI‐related TVR. Rates of MI, all‐cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and stent thrombosis were not different between the stents.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm: screening and management
Authors: Giugliano G. , Gerardi D. , Annunziata M. , Trimarco B. , Esposito G. , Stabile E.
Published: July 2018

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a frequent cause of death. Management of AAA includes different strategies: open surgery repair, endovascular repair and, for small AAA, medical therapy and careful follow‐up. Endovascular repair is a valid alternative to surgical repair, especially in patients whit high procedural risk.
Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance of Liquid‐Phase Exfoliated Graphene Supported WS2 Heterojunctions
Authors: Li Jianhui , Yan Haiting , Wei Wei , Li Xifei , Meng Lingjie
Published: July 2018

To improve the electrical conductivity and the cycling stability of layered transition metal disulfides (TMDs) as lithium‐ion battery anode, graphene@WS2 heterojunction composites are prepared by a facile one‐pot process, involving liquid‐phase exfoliation of graphene in N‐methylpyrrolidone, followed by in‐situ growth of WS2 in the graphene dispersion induced by a microwave‐assisted solvothermal method. The liquid‐phase exfoliated graphene (LEGr) with exceptional atomic structure not only serves as a substrate to couple WS2, but also serves as a mini‐current collector for the rapid transport of electrons within the anode. The LEGr‐based heterojunction WS2 composites exhibit improved lithium storage performance compared to the counterpart based on graphene oxide (GO), including higher lithium storage capacity, superior rate capability and outstanding cycling stability. This protocol enables processing and construction of advanced TMD heterojunction electrodes based on LEGr using an economical pathway.
Managerial Practices to Reduce Psychosocial Risk Exposure: A Competency‐Based Approach
Authors: St‐Hilaire France , Gilbert Marie‐Hélène , Lefebvre Rébecca
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to identify the behaviours a manager can use to reduce subordinates' exposure to psychosocial risks. Although leadership appears significant in the prediction of employees' mental health, recent studies tend to emphasize the importance of managers' behaviours without identifying them concretely. To create an inventory of specific management behaviours, two qualitative studies, involving 210 workers (in Quebec and in France) were conducted. Semi‐directed interviews were used with managers and subordinates to identify management behaviours associated with psychosocial risks. Results show a taxonomy of 92 behaviours grouped into 24 competencies and eight broad themes. The results define the role for managers in supporting the mental health of their subordinates more concretely. © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Limiting Factor to the Outbreak of Lake Black Bloom: Roles of Ferrous Iron and Sulfide Ions
Authors: Shen Qiushi , Fan Chengxin , Liu Cheng , Chen Chao
Published: July 2018

Algae‐induced black bloom, a kind of black water phenomenon in some severe eutrophic lake areas, is characterized by a black color and offensive odor and is one of the most serious environmental problems in certain eutrophic shallow freshwater lakes in China. Ferrous iron (Fe2+), soluble inorganic sulfides (ΣS2−, ΣS2− = S2− + HS− + H2S), and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the overlying water are presumed to be directly related to the formation of black blooms. In this study, the algae‐induced black bloom in Lake Taihu, China, is simulated in the laboratory by using a large‐scale lake process simulation apparatus. Changes in the characteristics of Fe2+, ΣS2−, DO, pH, and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) are investigated during the entire black bloom formation period. Results show that black blooms occurr in water columns with high Fe2+ and ΣS2−, but not in water columns with high Fe2+ and low ΣS2−, or low Fe2+ and ΣS2−. During the formation of black bloom, Fe2+ increases quickly as DO decreases but starts to decrease before the outbreak of black bloom. ΣS2− concentrations only increase sharply 12 h before the outbreak. Both Fe2+ and ΣS2−, affected by oxic and redox conditions, respectively, contribute to the formation of black bloom. However, ΣS2− is confirmed to be the limiting factor directly controlling the outbreak of the black bloom.
Every word is valuable: Studied influence of negative words that spread during election period in social media
Authors: Hu Xiangyu , Li Lemin , Wu Tingmin , Ai Xiaoxiang , Gu Jie , Wen Sheng
Published: July 2018

Studying the influence of negative words that spread during election period is an important work in social media. Most of current methods rely on sentiment analysis of tweets to determine the users' preference. However, sentiment analysis can only makes use of emotional words (ie, adverbs and adjectives), which only take 30 percent of the context in the Internet. According to our empirical analysis based on real datasets, the bias on word selection largely reduced the accuracy of the context in the Internet. In order to address this critical problem, we propose a new method that makes use of nouns with emotional context to determine the election preference of each user. By collecting the frequencies of words in context, we weigh the impact of each supportive/objective noun to strengthen the determination of users' preference. Final results will further be integrated to examine the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method. To indicate this idea, we collect and adopt real datasets (UK Prime Minister 2017 and US President Campaign 2016) in the experiments. All the experiment results suggested that our integrated method largely outperformed previous prediction methods. In particular, the prediction results were quite similar to the final results of the UK and US election. Meanwhile, for UK election, we found that the daily approval rate is closely related to the event happened everyday.
IP Geolocation based on identification routers and local delay distribution similarity
Authors: Zhao Fan , Luo Xiangyang , Gan Yong , Zu Shuodi , Cheng Qingfeng , Liu Fenlin
Published: July 2018

IP geolocation is usually used in fog computing to avoid high latency and discriminate malicious requests by judging the location of users. Existing delay measurement‐based IP geolocation approaches are not applicable to the network that has hierarchical topology and weak connectivity, and the precision of the classical Street‐Level Geolocation (SLG) method will decrease dramatically when the common routers are anonymous. In this paper, an IP geolocation method based on identification routers and local delay distribution similarity is proposed. The target IP's location at city‐level is firstly derived by matching its routing path with the identification routers that only forward packets to the same city. After that, the target IP's local delay between the nearest common router and the target IP is gathered, and the landmarks' are obtained at the same time. Finally, the location of the landmark that has the most similar local delay distribution with the target IP is taken as the geolocation result. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method can derive reliably geolocation results at city‐level for the target IP in the network with hierarchical architecture. Moreover, the geolocation accuracy of classical SLG method is improved obviously when the common routers are anonymous.
@PT: Unobtrusive parallel programming with Java annotations
Authors: Mehrabi Mostafa , Giacaman Nasser , Sinnen Oliver
Published: July 2018

Parallel computing techniques have been supported by programming languages in two major ways: either library‐based APIs or extended language constructs. Library‐based features are portable and offer fine‐grained control on parallelization details. However, they rely on individual programmer skills; thus, they may lead to inconsistent implementations and considerable code restructurings. On the contrary, language constructs promote environments that largely conceal the details of parallel programming techniques. However, they normally reduce programmer control over the granularity of parallelization and impose additional development concepts and compilation requirements that may sacrifice ease of use and portability. Therefore, approaches that balance between programmer control on parallelization details, intuitiveness of concepts, and portability can gain priority over other paradigms. In this paper, we discuss @PT (Annotation Parallel Task), a parallel computing framework that proposes Java annotations, standard Java components, as its language constructs. @PT takes an object‐oriented approach on efficient execution and management of asynchronous tasks, with a special focus on GUI‐responsive applications. This paper presents the annotation‐based programming interface of the framework and its fundamental parallelization concepts. Furthermore, it studies the usability and performance of @PT by comparisons with other Java parallelization approaches in a set of standard benchmarks. The observations suggest that @PT maintains a simple programming interface, whereas it performs efficiently in different parallel computing domains.
Relieve the congestion by shuttle bus in rush hours using aggregation clustering algorithm on group travel pattern
Authors: Li Zejun , Wang Jingjing , Shi Zhongheng , Zou Yan
Published: July 2018

The travel demand is of vital importance for transport planning. Especially in rush hours, the commuters aggregate in certain areas, resulting in traffic jams, which hinder the normal operation of the urban traffic. The key issue to solve the problem is to find out the demand of the passengers and accordingly arrange the transit resource more reasonably. This paper proposes a framework that provides a shuttle bus solution to satisfy the travel demand of the gathered passengers in rush hours according to their travel history obtained by smartcard data. Firstly, an aggregation algorithm basing on Clustering by fast search and find of density peaks (CFSFDP) is presented to highlight the area, which consists of adjacent bus stations with high passenger flow, addressed as spark region. Secondly, group travel pattern (GTP) is put forward to describe the travel trend on a city‐wide scale, which reveals the common travel demand of the commuters. Lastly, an algorithm named Variable Visibility Path Optimization Algorithm based on ant colony algorithm is proposed to make schedule solution of shuttle bus according to GTP basing on the historical running information of the bus. The experiment basing on the bus passenger flow data collected by AFCS in Aug 2014 from Beijing shows that our method helps to ease the traffic aggregation effectively and practically and offer reference to the bus scheduling issue.
Are family relations connected to the quality of the outcome in adolescent anorexia nervosa? An observational study with the Lausanne Trilogue Play
Authors: Balottin Laura , Mannarini Stefania , Mensi Martina Maria , Chiappedi Matteo , Balottin Umberto
Published: July 2018

The study aims to explore the connection between the family interactive patterns, investigated with a standardized observational tool based on a recorded play session, the Lausanne Trilogue Play, and the outcome of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa after a 6 months treatment, based on the Morgan–Russel Outcome Assessment Schedule. Seventy‐two parents and adolescent daughters with anorexia nervosa, consecutively referred to an adolescent neuropsychiatric service, participated in the study and underwent an integrated model of treatment, based on constant neuropsychiatric and dietary monitoring, weekly individual psychotherapy for the daughter, and parental counselling and support. A better adolescents' functioning in family relationships, in particular in the triadic ones, at first assessment, was associated with a better outcome. Data on family interactions may help predict the most appropriate intervention for the patient and his family.
Adverse Events Associated With PCSK9 Inhibitors: A Real‐World Experience
Authors: Gürgöze Muhammed T. , Muller‐Hansma Annemarie H.G. , Schreuder Michelle M. , Galema‐Boers Annette M.H. , Boersma Eric , Roeters van Lennep Jeanine E.
Published: July 2018

In randomized clinical trials (RCTs) proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors showed a favorable safety profile, however, “real‐world” data on adverse events (AEs) is scarce. Three datasets, a hospital registry (n = 164), and two Pharmacovigilance databases, Lareb (n = 149) and VigiLyze (n = 15,554), reporting AEs attributed to PCSK9 inhibitors (alirocumab or evolocumab) prescribed in clinical practice were analyzed. In the hospital registry, 41.5% of the patients reported any AE, most often injection‐site reactions (33.8%) and influenza‐like illness (27.9%). Twelve patients (7%) discontinued PCSK9 inhibitor treatment. Most common AE reported in the Lareb and VigiLyze database was myalgia (12.8% and 8.3%, respectively). No clinically relevant differences in gender or between drugs were observed. No specific subgroup of patients could be identified at risk of developing AEs. During follow‐up, AEs resolved in most patients (71.1%). In a real‐world setting, PCSK9 inhibitors are well tolerated with an overall safety profile comparable to RCTs.
Study of factors related to the attitudes toward studying abroad among preclinical/clinical undergraduate dental students at three dental schools in Japan
Authors: Oka Hiroko , Ishida Yoko , Hong Guang
Published: July 2018

Despite of their general interests in studying abroad, there are two types of dental student in Japan. They are those who decide to go studying abroad and those who do not. The aim of this study was to clarify the factors related to the attitudes toward studying abroad among preclinical/clinical undergraduate dental students who attended three dental schools in Japan. A questionnaire was used to assess undergraduate dental students' attitudes toward studying abroad. We analyzed the differences between junior (preclinical) students and senior (clinical) students on concerns, and relationships between personality traits based on the Big Five and experiences related to studying abroad. Four hundred and thirty‐nine undergraduate students completed the questionnaire. The senior dental students were more worried, more than the junior students, about “lack of language ability in daily life,” “higher quality facilities and environment,” and valued “dental/medical knowledges and skills” and “advantage for getting a job” through studying abroad. Both junior and senior students with experience of/plans for studying abroad reported significantly higher levels of openness to experience than those without such experiences or plans. The less‐open group was more concerned with “lack of language ability in daily life/academic fields,” “higher quality facilities and environment,” “life in a foreign country,” “interpersonal relationships in foreign countries,” and “no friends in foreign countries” than the open‐group. Although the preclinical and clinical dental students at the three dental schools in Japan had different views of concern for studying abroad, “openness to experience” might be a common key factor related to their studying abroad. However, apart from any personality factor, alleviating students' concerns regarding daily life adjustments might be effective in promoting a willingness to go studying abroad.
Realizing High‐Performance Li–Polysulfide Full Cells by using a Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Salt Electrolyte for Stable Cyclability
Authors: Ahad Syed Abdul , Pitchai Ragupathy , Beyene Anteneh Marelign , Joo Sang Hoon , Kim Do Kyung , Lee Hyun‐Wook
Published: July 2018

Since concentrated electrolytes have attracted great attention for the stabilization of lithium‐metal anodes for lithium‐ion batteries, the demonstration of a full cell with an electrolyte concentration study has become a research topic of interest. Herein, we have demonstrated a proof of concept, a lithium–polysulfide full cell battery using various lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) electrolyte concentrations with glass‐fiber‐based composite and hard carbon as the cathode and anode, respectively. The initial capacity of the lithium‐polysulfide full cell is found to be 970 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C. The capacity is stabilized at 870 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 88.6 %. An excellent capacity retention of ≈80 % is achieved after long 800 cycles at 0.5 C by using full cell technology. Further, our post‐mortem analysis sheds light on the difference in SEI layer formation on hard carbon anodes with changing electrolyte concentration, thereby indicating reasons for the obtainment of a high cyclic performance with 1 m LiTFSI salt electrolyte. The successful demonstration of the long cyclic performance of Li–polysulfide full cells is indeed a step towards producing high performance Li–polysulfide full cell batteries with long cycling using conventional LiTFSI salt electrolyte and commercial anode materials.
Hadoop‐based analytic framework for cyber forensics
Authors: Chhabra Gurpal Singh , Singh Varinderpal , Singh Maninder
Published: July 2018

With an exponential increase in the data size and complexity of various documents to be investigated, existing methods of network forensics are found not much efficient with respect to accuracy and detection ratio. The existing techniques for network forensic analysis exhibit inherent limitations while processing a huge volume, variety, and velocity of data. It makes network forensic a time‐consuming and resource‐consuming task. To balance time taken and output delivered, these existing techniques put a limit on the amount of data under analysis, which results in a polynomial time complexity of these solutions. So to mitigate these issues, in this paper, we propose an effective framework to overcome the limitation to handle large volume, variety, and velocity of data. An architectural setup that consists of MapReduce framework on top of Hadoop Distributed File System environment is proposed in this paper. The proposed framework demonstrates its capability to handle issues of storage and processing of big data using cloud computing. Also, in the proposed framework, supervised machine learning (random forest‐based decision tree) algorithm has been implemented to demonstrate better sensitivity. To train and validate the model, online available data set from CAIDA is taken and university network traffic samples, with increasing size, has been taken for experiment. Results thus obtained confirm the superiority of the proposed framework in network forensics, with an average accuracy of 99.34% (malicious and nonmalicious traffic).
The new guidelines of Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology for respiratory specimens: Assessment of risk of malignancy and diagnostic yield in different cytological modalities
Authors: Canberk Sule , Montezuma Diana , Aydın Ozlem , Demirhas Mehmet Polat , Denizci Barkın , Akbas Meryem , Caliskan Can , Tokat Fatma , Ince Umit , Schmitt Fernando
Published: July 2018

Background

In 2016, the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) issued a new classification scheme for respiratory cytology. We aim to evaluate our samples according to this classification and to assess risk of malignancy and diagnostic yield of different cytological modalities.

Methods

Respiratory specimens (sputum, bronchial wash/brush, BAL and FNA) obtained between 2007 and 2016 were reclassified according to PSC guidelines. Risk of malignancy for each diagnostic category was determined. Diagnostic yield was evaluated based on three‐categorical approach.

Results

One thousand, two hundred and ninety respiratory specimens were retrieved, of which 280 had histologic follow‐up. Samples were reclassified as nondiagnostic 16%, negative for malignancy 53%, atypical 5.4%, neoplastic (benign neoplasm/low‐grade carcinoma) 0.4%, suspicious for malignancy 2.1% and malignant 23.1%. Risk of malignancy for each category was 64.01% for ND, 48.27% for NM, 59.09% for A, 100% for N‐B‐LG; 90% for SM and 89.74% for M. When only malignant cases were considered positive tests, cytology sensitivity was 55% and specificity 88%.

Conclusion

Our results were in line with PSC guidelines, but the use of multiple cytological techniques may cause some discrepancies in overall diagnostic yield and in estimated risks of malignancy, which is important due to the widespread utilization of different cytological procedures.
Coinfection of Sarcina ventriculi and Candida in a patient of gastric outlet obstruction: An overloaded pyloric antrum
Authors: Aggarwal Shikha , Tyagi Ruchita , Selhi Pavneet Kaur , Garg Avantika , Sood Ajit , Sood Neena
Published: July 2018

Sarcina ventriculi is a rare gram‐positive, anaerobic bacteria, associated with delayed gastric emptying. We report a case of a 45‐year‐old lady, who presented with features of gastric outlet obstruction, and coinfection of S. ventriculi and Candida was detected on examining gastric brushings and biopsy. S. ventriculi is identified by its peculiar configuration in the form of tetrads and octets. Coexistence of S. ventriculi with other organisms is highly unusual.
From fad to FAD: A theoretical formulation and proposed name change for “drunkorexia” to food and alcohol disturbance (FAD)
Authors: Choquette Emily M. , Rancourt Diana , Kevin Thompson J.
Published: July 2018

“Drunkorexia” is a term that has been used to describe behaviors such as restricting food intake in anticipation of alcohol consumption to offset total caloric intake, and/or to enhance the intoxicating effect of alcohol consumption. Scattered studies over the past few years have indicated the potential problematic nature of the intersection of these behaviors, yet there remain significant gaps in the operationalization of the construct, limiting research progress. In this article, we articulate limitations of the current research, including problems with the definition of the construct and a lack of theoretical guidance. We suggest a broader and more accurate phrase to guide future work with this phenomenon: Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD). Additionally, we suggest adapting Fairburn's transdiagnostic theoretical model for FAD. It is hoped these changes might provide a roadmap for future work in this area on risk factors and adaptations of current preventive and treatment approaches to focus on this emerging form of eating disturbance.
Protein‐losing enteropathy in an adult with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy: complete reversal by heart transplantation
Authors: Melenovsky Vojtech , Kubanek Milos , Kacer Petr
Published: July 2018

Protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) due to leakage of lymph into the gut sometimes occurs in young patients after Fontan palliation but is very rarely reported with other aetiologies of chronic heart failure (HF). PLE leads to severe hypoalbuminemia and immunodeficiency and is associated with poor prognosis. The mechanisms and the predispositions to PLE are poorly understood. Here, we report an adult patient with advanced HF due to non‐ischaemic non‐dilated hypocontractile cardiomyopathy who developed severe PLE, probably owing to increased ventricular stiffness and constraint by atypically placed epicardial electrode encircling both ventricles. Importantly, both PLE and immunodeficiency completely resolved after heart transplantation.
The power of nonviolence: Confirming and explaining the success of nonviolent (rather than violent) political movements
Authors: Orazani S. Nima , Leidner Bernhard
Published: July 2018

Drawing on literatures on social movements and collective action, mentalization, and morality, four studies investigated whether a social movement's use of nonviolence can increase people's willingness to support and join the movement. In a correlational study with a nested design, across 23 movements perceived use of nonviolence predicted participants' willingness to support and join the movement (Study 1, n = 203). This effect was also found experimentally, with Americans supporting nonviolent movements more than violent ones, in hypothetical and real foreign countries (Study 2 and 3, ns = 606 and 373). Study 4 (n = 247) replicated the effects in participants' own country. The effects were transmitted by attribution of mental states to nonviolent movements and subsequent greater perceived morality (Study 2–4). This research demonstrates that nonviolence can benefit social movements in terms of support and mobilization potential, and that these benefits are rooted in perceptions of mental capacity, humanness, and morality.
Determination of ligand efficiency indices in a group of 7H‐purine‐2,6‐dione derivatives with psychotropic activity using micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Bajda Marek , Chłoń‐Rzepa Grażyna , Żmudzki Paweł , Czopek Anna , Stanisz‐Wallis Krystyna , Łątka Kamil , Pawłowski Maciej , Zagórska Agnieszka
Published: July 2018

Discovering hit compounds and optimization processes in medicinal chemistry nowadays could be improved by predictive tools, based on the relationship between structure of molecules and lipophilic properties. Lipophilicity of drug candidate can affect both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties, in particular, the ability of a molecule to cross the cell membrane. Among the new methods for determination of the lipophilicity of compounds, micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is considered to be an appropriate one for bioactive molecules, as it closely mimics the physiological conditions. In this paper MEKC was used for the estimation of the lipophilicity of 24 derivatives of 8‐alkoxy‐7H‐purine‐2,6‐dione, designed and synthesized as potential antidepressant/anxiolytic and antipsychotic agents. The results of experimental method were compared with calculated in silico parameters (AlogPs and milogP by Virtual Computational Laboratory website, log PPallas by Pallas 3.1, Mlog P by Marvin, log PChemS by ChemSketch, log PChemDraw by ChemBioUltra) using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Finally, using estimated log P values for selected compounds ligand – lipophilicity efficiency (LLE), per cent efficiency index (PEI), and binding efficiency index (BEI) parameters were calculated. Applied MEKC procedure could be used for selection of potential lead structure in a group of 7H‐purine‐2,6‐dione derivatives.
Late Quaternary uplift across northwest Luzon Island, Philippines constrained from emergent coral reef terraces
Authors: Maxwell Kathrine V. , Ramos Noelynna T. , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki , Chou Yu‐Chen , Duan Fucai , Shen Chuan‐Chou
Published: July 2018

Emergent coral reef terraces in northwest Luzon Island, Philippines are studied to understand relative sea level (RSL) changes and uplift along the Manila Trench forearc region during the Late Quaternary. Coral reef sequences in Currimao, Badoc, and Badoc Island were mapped and were described based on geomorphological characteristics, elevation patterns, and ages. The lower emergent coral reef terraces, which are dated Holocene, are subdivided into three to possibly four terrace steps (TI–TIV in ascending order) with the highest terrace (TIII–TIV) rising up to ~7–9 m amsl. The well‐preserved staircase morphology and meter‐scale terrace risers possibly imply episodes of abrupt RSL changes that resulted from coseismic uplift during the mid‐Holocene. Around 6.8 kyr BP, ~3 m of rapid uplift (possibly coseismic) is inferred to account for the vertical separation of TI (6.2 kyr BP at 3.5 m amsl) and TII (6.8 kyr BP at 6.6 m amsl) in Currimao site. A subsequent episode of RSL fall occurred at 6 kyr BP, based on dated coral samples, and has emerged the lowest terraces in the study sites. New geomorphic and radiometric data suggest that the mid‐Holocene sea level highstand in northwest Luzon occurred at around 7–6 kyr BP. From the elevation and thorium‐230 age of dated terrace surfaces, we estimated Holocene uplift rates from 0.17 ± 0.12 to 0.82 ± 0.15 mm/yr across the three study sites. The estimated uplift rates of northwest Luzon are relatively lower than the uplift rates reported in similar tectonically active regions of the west Pacific such as Papua New Guinea, Taiwan, New Zealand, and Japan. The geomorphological characteristics and age of emergent coral reef terraces reported in this study offer insights on the preservation of long‐term deformation along the northwest Luzon coastal plain that is bordered by a subduction zone and upper‐plate faults. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.