bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reappraising Natures and Perspectives of Wasteland in Developing World with a Focus on India
Authors: Kar Surajit , Sundberg Trude , Satpati Lakshminarayan , Mukherjee Subham
Published: March 2024

This article seeks to provide an improved and more comprehensive understanding of the concept and theories on wasteland. It achieves this by focusing on the Indian context allowing us to unpack the importance of including multiple perspectives of wasteland narratives; this means including more positive narratives of the potential of wasteland to inform and improve prospects for land policies in the global south. Wasteland is commonly recognized as an underutilized category of land that may transform into a valuable resource base with proper management measures. The term waste has multiple angles that carry different notions ranging from fallow to agroforestry land in the global south and Brownfield to green space in the global north. We conduct a narra-tive review approach to qualitatively analyze the concept wastelands studied in pre-existing lit-erature from 1970 to present. The unsystematic literature review approach incorporates multiple elements of wasteland discourse, like understanding the meaning of the term on a global scale, setting out the meaning of the term waste into multiple perspectives explicitly in the Indian con-text, along with different classes and management approaches of wasteland from a national per-spective. The multiple perspectives of wasteland not only generate misconception on land resource but spawn difficulties in land use policy particularly for Indian scenario. For sustainable land use policy, reclaiming wasteland would be the best possible way for India and other countries in Global South, which requires a comprehensive methodological overview on wasteland narrative.
Present and Future Applications of Digital PCR in Infectious Diseases Diagnosis
Authors: Sancha Domínguez Laura , Cotos Suárez Ana , Sánchez Ledesma María , Muñoz Bellido Juan Luis
Published: March 2024

A Infectious diseases account for about 3 million deaths per year. The advent of molecular techniques has led to an enormous improvement in their diagnosis, both in terms of sensitivity and specificity and in terms of the speed with which a clinically useful result can be obtained. Digital PCR, or 3rd generation PCR, is based on a series of technical modifications that result in more sensitive techniques, more resistant to the action of inhibitors and capable of direct quantification, without the need for standard curves.This review presents the main applications that have been developed for the diagnosis of viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, and the potential prospects for the clinical use of this technology.
Heated Tobacco Products Have Detrimental Effects on Rotator Cuff Healing, Similar to Conventional Cigarettes
Authors: Yoon Tae-Hwan , Choi Jee-Hoon , Lim Joon-Ryul , Chang Hsien-Hao , Chun Yong-Min
Published: March 2024

Background:

Cigarette smoking impairs rotator cuff healing, but no study, to our knowledge, has focused on the association between heated tobacco products and rotator cuff tears.

Methods:

This study retrospectively investigated 1,133 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of symptomatic rotator cuff tears between March 2011 and April 2021. Patients were grouped on the basis of their smoking patterns as nonsmokers, cigarette smokers, and heated tobacco smokers. Propensity score matching was used to reduce selection bias, and 45 subjects were selected from each group via 1:1:1 matching. Functional scores and active range of motion were compared among the 3 groups preoperatively and at a 2-year follow-up. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was performed 6 months after the surgical procedure to assess structural integrity.

Results:

Except for sex, similar baseline characteristics were achieved after propensity score matching. There were no differences in the clinical scores or range of motion between the matched groups either preoperatively or at the 2-year follow-up. However, the retear rate for the matched nonsmoker group was significantly lower (8.9%) than those for the matched cigarette smoker group (31.1%) and the heated tobacco smoker group (28.9%) (p = 0.022). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the retear rates were 3.403 times higher for the cigarette smoker group and 3.397 times higher for the heated tobacco smoker group than that for the nonsmoker group.

Conclusions:

Heated tobacco users, like conventional cigarette smokers, have worse clinical outcomes with respect to rotator cuff healing than nonsmokers. Regardless of the type of cigarette, abstinence from smoking is necessary for patients undergoing rotator cuff repair surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Steel Processing Production Process At CV. ABC
Authors: Yulianto Rizky , Putra Boy Isma
Published: March 2024

The production process is a way, method and technique for creating or increasing the usefulness of a good or service using existing resources (labor, machines, materials, funds). CV. ABC is a company that focuses on the steel processing industry sector. This company's specialization includes making various products, such as fences, canopies, stairs, and building structures such as warehouses and housing. The purpose of carrying out this activity is to observe the production process of making fences and analyze the production process using a production process map (Operation Process Chart) and Bill of Materials. Based on field observations using the production process map at CV. It can be seen from Tiga Karya Persada Indonesia that making 1 fence takes a total of 795 minutes, consisting of 6 operational processes with a total time of 630 minutes and there are 8 inspection processes with a total time of 165 minutes.
P-702 Centrifugal Pump Damage Analysis Insights and Implications
Authors: Abdullah Barafi Keigen , Fahruddin A’rasy
Published: March 2024

Centrifugal pumps are widely used in industries for fluid transfer, operating on the rotation of an impeller driven by a prime mover. However, sudden performance drops and operational instability pose significant challenges, impacting overall system efficiency. Predictive maintenance relies on vibration analysis to assess rotating equipment condition, with vibration patterns indicating potential issues such as cavitation and corrosion. Prolonged cavitation leads to erosion of channel wall surfaces, resulting in structural damage. This study aims to address the knowledge gap in understanding the relationship between pump vibration, cavitation, and corrosion. Through comprehensive vibration analysis and examination of pump performance, our research identifies the mechanisms driving pump degradation. The findings highlight the critical role of predictive maintenance in mitigating pump failures and optimizing system performance.
Highlights : 

Vibration analysis crucial for predictive maintenance: Identifying early signs of pump deterioration.
Cavitation-induced erosion: Understanding the impact of prolonged cavitation on pump performance.
Importance of proactive maintenance: Mitigating pump failures and optimizing system efficiency.

Keywords : Centrifugal pumps, Vibration analysis, Cavitation, Corrosion, Predictive maintenance
Algorithm for Surface Wave Suppression on 2D Seismic Data Using the Slant Karhunen–Loeve Transform in a Time-Frequency Domain
Authors: Yablokov A.V. , Moiseev M.V. , Serdyukov A.S. , Litvichenko D.A.
Published: March 2024

—Surface waves are the main source of coherent noise in land seismic survey, and their suppression is one of the main stages of common depth point data processing designed to improve the quality of tracking primary reflections on time sections. In practice, noise reduction is carried out using procedures from modern software based on numerical modeling of waveforms. However, they are too resource-intensive and have a large number of subjectively customizable parameters. The known algorithms have a common drawback: either the energy of reflected waves is distorted in an interference zone with a noise wave or the noise suppression quality is unsatisfactory. The current research is aimed at improving the filtering algorithm in a time-frequency domain using the slant Karhunen–Loeve transform in order to overcome these limitations, to increase the accuracy and rate of its software implementation, and also to test it when processing profile field data from land-based 2D seismic surveys. The algorithm is modified by developing a new method for determining static corrections for surface wave hodograph rectification in a time-frequency domain and by the application of preprocessing in which the reflected wave signal is removed preliminarily. These and other modifications ensure faster calculations and improve the quality of surface wave interference suppression. In addition, the slant Karhunen–Loeve transform is accelerated by parallelizing calculations across logical processor cores. In this paper, the algorithm is described in detail, its significant advantage over the standard methods of bandpass filtering and F–K filtering is shown, and the results of processing the field data obtained by the SWANA procedure (Geovation 2.0) and by the slant Karhunen–Loeve transform. The result obtained by the slant Karhunen–Loeve transform is superior to the SWANA procedure in terms of the surface wave filtering quality and has only four adjustable parameters (SWANA has 20 parameters)
Fuzzy Logic-Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Earthquake-Prone Areas: A Case Study of the Mila Basin, Algeria
Authors: Chettah W. , Mezhoud S. , Baadeche M. , Hadji R.
Published: March 2024

—This research focuses on analyzing landslides triggered by a moderate earthquake (Mw = 4.9) in the northeastern region of the Mila province, which resulted in significant damage and economic losses in the El Kherba district and Grarem Gouga city. Through an extensive field-based investigation, a comprehensive inventory of landslides has been compiled. To assess the susceptibility to landslides triggered by seismic activity, a GIS-based fuzzy logic model was employed. The model incorporates various input factors, such as lithology, slope angle, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), distance from rivers and roads, precipitation, and seismic hazard, which is shown on a map. The study compares the performance of different fuzzy operators and gamma values and determines that using fuzzy gamma operators with a gamma value of 0.8 yields a satisfactory consistency with the distribution of landslides. Moreover, incorporating the map of seismic hazard as a causative factor enhances the accuracy of landslide susceptibility mapping. This study underscores the utility of the fuzzy logic model in disaster management and the planning of development activities.
Glycan-shielded homodimer structure and dynamical features of the canine distemper virus hemagglutinin relevant for viral entry and efficient vaccination
Authors: Fukuhara Hideo , Yumoto Kohei , Sako Miyuki , Kajikawa Mizuho , Ose Toyoyuki , Kawamura Mihiro , Yoda Mei , Chen Surui , Ito Yuri , Takeda Shin , Mwaba Mwila , Wang Jiaqi , Hashiguchi Takao , Kamishikiryo Jun , Maita Nobuo , Kitatsuji Chihiro , Takeda Makoto , Kuroki Kimiko , Maenaka Katsumi
Published: March 2024

Canine distemper virus (CDV) belongs to morbillivirus, including measles virus (MeV) and rinderpest virus, which causes serious immunological and neurological disorders in carnivores, including dogs and rhesus monkeys, as recently reported, but their vaccines are highly effective. The attachment glycoprotein hemagglutinin (CDV-H) at the CDV surface utilizes signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) and Nectin-4 (also called poliovirus-receptor-like-4; PVRL4) as entry receptors. Although fusion models have been proposed, the molecular mechanism of morbillivirus fusion entry is poorly understood. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the globular head domain of CDV-H vaccine strain at 3.2 Å resolution, revealing that CDV-H exhibits a highly tilted homodimeric form with a six-bladed β-propeller fold. While the predicted Nectin-4 binding site is well-conserved with that of MeV-H, that of SLAM is similar but partially different, which is expected to contribute to host specificity. Five N-linked sugars covered a broad area of the CDV-H surface to expose receptor binding sites only, supporting the effective production of neutralizing antibodies. These features are common to MeV-H, although the glycosylation sites are completely different. Furthermore, real-time observation using high-speed atomic force microscopy revealed highly mobile features of the CDV-H dimeric head via the connector region. These results suggest that sugar-shielded tilted-homodimeric structure and dynamic conformational changes are common characteristics of morbilliviruses and ensure effective fusion entry and vaccination.
The influence of different storage conditions on Limnospira indica, a promising candidate for air revitalisation in Space
Authors: Leys Natalie , Fahrion Jana , Ellena Gabriele , Mastroleo Felice , Dussap Claude-Gilles
Published: March 2024

Limnospira indica is a cyanobacterium which is currently investigated as a candidate for life support systems in space. Transport to space starts with a storage phase, the time span between leaving the laboratory on Earth and the activation of the bioprocess in space. Here, the cells are kept in dormancy at 4°C, because energy is limited during the upload. This period can take up to two weeks and the influence on living biomass has not been extensively studied. This paper elucidates the influence of dark and cold storage on Limnospira indica growth and composition. The impact depends on gas availability, duration, nutrient availability during storage and initial cell density, pH and pigment content. Additionally, to simulate storage after the arrival of Limnospira indica onboard the ISS, a 14 days cold storage was performed using a dedicated simulated microgravity setup. No negative effect of simulated microgravity was found, when a healthy culture is used.
Quantum Computing Quantum Monte Carlo
Authors: Yuan Xiao , Zhang Yukun , Huang Yifei , Sun Jinzhao , Lv Dingshun
Published: March 2024

Quantum computing and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) are respectively the state-of-the-art quantum and classical computing methods for understanding many-body quantum systems. Here, we propose a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm that integrates these two methods, inheriting their distinct features in efficient representation and manipulation of quantum states and overcoming their limitations. We first introduce non-stoquasticity indicators (NSIs) and their upper bounds, measuring the severity of the sign problem, the most notable limitation of QMC. Then we introduce the hybrid QC-QMC method by replacing the walkers with quantum states prepared by a shallow quantum circuit. We present an efficient and scalable approach to implement walker propagation in QC-QMC. We show that our algorithm could greatly mitigate the sign problem, which decreases NSIs with the assistance of quantum computing. Meanwhile, the use of quantum Monte Carlo also increases the expressivity of shallow quantum circuits, allowing more accurate computation that is conventionally achievable only with much deeper circuits. We numerically test and verify the method for the N$_2$ molecule (12 qubits) and the Hubbard model (16 qubits). Our work paves the way to solving practical problems with intermediate-scale and early-fault tolerant quantum computers, with potential applications in chemistry, condensed matter physics, materials, high energy physics, etc.
Attitudes and Beliefs About Gender Violence in Toledo University Students: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gurrutxaga Mª Idoia Ugarte- , Molina-Gallego Brígida , de Corral Gonzalo Melgar , Mordillo-Mateos Laura , -García María Humanes , -Torres Juan Manuel Carmona
Published: March 2024

Aim
To analyse attitudes towards gender and violence and the sexist beliefs of the student body based on different sociodemographic variables and to study the relationship between attitudes towards gender and violence and the sexist beliefs that students show.
Design:
Descriptive cross-sectional study, following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observation Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist.
Methods
This study was carried out with undergraduate students from the University of one of the Campuses of the University of Castilla-La Mancha de enrolled in the 2022–2023 academic year. A total of 1176 students took an online survey. This survey included sociodemographic variables, the Questionnaire of Attitudes towards Gender and Violence (CAGV) and the variables of sexism (hostile and benevolent) reflected in the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ISA). A descriptive analysis, an inferential analysis and a Pearson correlation were performed for the scores of the two scales used, controlling for the influence of sex and age.
Results
Of the participants, 67.1% women and 32.0% were men. The average age was 20.13 years, with a deviation of 2,166, aged between 18 and 26 years. Being carried out in several Faculties of the Campus. The results highlight the significant differences between the group of men and women in both questionnaires, observing differences between the age groups. In general, men have higher scores than women, so they have higher sexist attitudes and beliefs. The correlations between both questionnaires are significant among all categories.
Conclusions
We believe that the data analysed call for the implementation of action plans to reduce sexist behaviour in university students. Universities must establish action plans against gender violence.
Cryptocurrency Price Prediction: A Comparative Sentiment Analysis Approach Using SVM, CNN-LSTM, and Pysentimento during Times of Crisis
Authors: Rateb Muhammad Nabil , Alansary Sameh , Elzouka Marwa Khamis , Galal Mohamad
Published: March 2024

Sentiment analysis is a powerful tool for extracting valuable insights from social media data. In this paper, more than one million tweets spanning three months (March, June, and December 2022) regarding three cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and Binance Coin (BNB) during the Russian-Ukrainian War are considered. Two models, a convolutional neural network with long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) and a support vector machine (SVM) with GloVe and TF-IDF features, are trained on a labeled dataset of more than fifty thousand tweets about Bitcoin labeled as (positive, negative, and neutral). A pretrained model (Pysentimento) for sentiment analysis is also employed to compare the performances of the three models. The models are tested on the labeled dataset and then evaluated on the unlabeled tweets, revealing that Pysentimento's level of accuracy outperforms the other two models. Google Trends, along with the opening and closing prices, and the volume of the three cryptocurrencies, in addition to the results of Pysentimento sentiment classification, are employed to apply the Pearson correlation coefficient and conduct price prediction analysis using the SARIMA model. It is found that Bitcoin may appeal to those seeking stability and a known record of accomplishment, while Binance Coin and Ethereum may attract investors looking for more diverse opportunities. Sentiment analysis using machine learning is found to provide invaluable information for cryptocurrency price forecasting and trading strategies, especially in the context of geopolitical events and market volatility.
Preliminary Research on Tailored Fluid Therapy in Pigs: Comparing Customized Ionic Solutions with Hartmann's Solution
Authors: Lee Seongju , Lee Seung-Eun , Han Jae-Ik , Lee Sang Chul , Jeon Yubyeol
Published: March 2024

Background
Fluid therapy in veterinary medicine is pivotal for treating various conditions in pigs; however, standard solutions, such as Hartmann's solution, may not optimally align with pig physiology. This study explored the development and efficacy of a customized fluid therapy tailored to the ionic concentrations of pig blood, aiming to enhance treatment outcomes and safety in both healthy and diseased pigs.
Results
The study involved two experiments: the first to assess the safety and stability of customized fluids in healthy pigs, and the second to evaluate the efficacy in pigs with clinical symptoms of dehydration. In healthy pigs, the administration of customized fluids showed no adverse effects, with slight alterations observed in pO2, Hematocrit, and glucose levels in some groups. In symptomatic pigs, the customized fluid group did not show any improvement in clinical symptoms, with no significant changes in blood chemistry or metabolite levels compared to controls. The customized fluid group showed a mild increase in some values after administration, yet within normal physiological ranges. The study reported no significant improvements in clinical or dehydration status, attributing the observed variations in blood test results to the limited sample size and anaesthesia effects rather than fluid characteristics.
Conclusions
Customized fluid therapy, tailored to mimic the ionic concentrations of pig blood, appears to be a safe and potentially more effective alternative to conventional solutions such as Hartmann’s solution for treating pigs under various health conditions. Further research with larger sample sizes and controlled conditions is recommended to validate these findings and to explore the full potential of customized fluid therapy in veterinary practice.
Impact of long-term storage on mid-infrared spectral patterns of serum and synovial fluid samples of dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Malek Sarah , Marini Federico , McClure J T.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of short versus long-term storage on mid-infrared (MIR) spectral patterns of serum and synovial fluid (SF) of dogs with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and controls. Serum (52 OA and 49 control) and SF (51 OA and 51 control) samples from dogs that had been in short-term (<3 years) frozen state (-80°C) had their MIR spectra obtained. The remaining aliquots were maintained in long-term (>5 years) frozen state before having MIR spectra acquired under the same testing conditions. Spectra from the two time points were significantly different (P<0.0001), however, sample aging accounted for only 1.61% and 2.98% of serum and SF profiles’ variability, respectively. Predictive models for discriminating serum of OA from controls for short-term storage showed 87.3±3.7% sensitivity, 88.9±2.4% specificity and 88.1±2.3% accuracy, while, for long-term storage, values of the same figures of merit were 92.5±2.6%, 97.1±1.7% and 94.8±1.4%, respectively. Predictive models based on short-term stored SF spectra had 97.3±1.6% sensitivity, 89.4±2.6% specificity and 93.4±1.6% accuracy, while the values for long-term storage 95.7±2.1%, 95.7±0.8% and 95.8±1.1%, respectively. Long-term storage of serum and does not significantly alter the performance of predictive algorithms for discriminating OA samples from controls.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on specialty training in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Hong Kong: what is the future prospect?
Authors: LEUNG Janice Tsz Ching , LI Yan Yu , KONG Choi Wah , TO William Wing Kee
Published: March 2024

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic in the past few years have led to major adjustments in the provision of healthcare. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the pandemic on specialty training in Obstetrics & Gynaecology (O&G) in Hong Kong.
Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed on all the O&G trainees and the young fellows of the Hong Kong College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (HKCOG). The questionnaires included 5 parts: demographic data, impact on clinical activities, redeployment, educational activities and career progression.
Results
A total of 104 questionnaires (92.9%) were received for final analysis. The majority of the participants had reductions in elective and emergency operations, as well as exposure to in-patient admissions and out-patient clinics in both obstetrics and gynaecology. The reduction was most significant in elective gynaecology operations. One-third (34.6%) of the participants had been redeployed to other departments, and educational activities were reduced during the pandemic. Around 58% of the trainees were concerned with the reduction in clinical exposure, and 78% worried they would not be able to log sufficient number of surgical procedures. Basic trainees were significantly more worried than higher trainees. Around half of the trainees had doubts or regrets about choosing to undergo O&G specialty training.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic had significant negative impacts on O&G training in Hong Kong. Many trainees were worried they would not be able to attain the required level of competence when they complete their specialist training.
Integrated operation of water resources in climate change conditions, considering uncertainty based on coupled dynamic models of surface water and groundwater
Authors: Azizi Kamran , Azari Arash , Bansouleh Bahman Farhadi
Published: March 2024

In regions with arid and semi-arid climates, groundwater serves as one of the main sources of agricultural, industrial, and drinking water supply, constantly interacting with surface waters. The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in the level and volume of aquifer storage in Kermanshah by simulating the interaction of surface and groundwaters, using a coupling dynamic model WEAP-MODFLOW. This model is capable of calling and automatically running climate change scenarios and displaying their effects on the entire system. In this method, data and results between the MODFLOW and WEAP models are exchanged on a monthly basis, and the impacts of implementing each of the CMIP5 climate scenarios can be observed in both surface water and groundwater sections. The values of recharge, extraction, runoff, river levels, and water supply from the WEAP model are input into the MODFLOW model to calculate groundwater levels and changes in aquifer storage, with results fed back to the WEAP model. To apply model uncertainties and climate scenarios was developed a hybrid model based on the combination of predictions from 5 different AR5 models. The results showed that over a base period of 27 years (October 1991 to September 2018), the average groundwater level at the end of the period decreased by 4.3 meters, with a reservoir volume reduction of 253 million cubic meters. In the event of aquifer operation, based on the predicted climatic parameters derived from the hybrid model during the 81 years (October 2018 to September 2099), the level of reduction and volume of aquifer storage was predicted under the optimistic scenario of RCP2.6 in order of 2.52m and 251.51MCM and the pessimistic scenario RCP8.5, respectively 8.88m and 769.04 MCM. The results demonstrated that employing an integrated operation model in a dynamic link mode is an effective strategy for better river and aquifer management under climate change conditions. The effects of each climate scenario on the entire system are observable in this model, aiding decision-makers in implementing effective adaptation strategies to climate change.
Challenges in Neurosurgery During Armed Conflict in Sudan
Authors: Ibrahim Honida Ali M. , Elabdin Moayad Moawia Z. , Ali Mukashfi Elnaiem A. , SalahEldin Azza , Alameen Sayda Babekir M. , Kongar Abdalhadi Andal A. , Elazrag Tarig , Ahmed Asim ShamsEldein M. , Mohamedahmed Mohaned Abdelrhman , Essa Faisal Ali , Gassoum Alsadig , Aldeaf Sawsan A. H.
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Sudan armed conflict between rapid support force (RSF) and Sudanese army was one of the wicked wars, the conflict has had terrible physical, emotional, and economic costs for Sudanese, this war caused great traumatic injuries among civilians despite the number of affected persons, during the period of this armed conflict, there is no data or reports regarding affected civilians.
Material and methods:
This is descriptive experience based and cross sectional study done at Almubarak hospital, kassala town from July 2023 to March 2024. In fact, the study was designed to reflect our neurosurgical experience during the period of armed conflict between rapid supporting force (RSF) and Sudanese army, hence the war is still going on, also, this paper describe the neurosurgical circumstances in Sudan throughout the war compared with other war that occurring in the middle East and worldwide . Modification and replacement in neuro-anesthia, showed that, isoflorane was replaced by low Minimal Alveolar Concentration (MAC) halothane<0.6%, or total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) (propofol continuous infusion). Instead of Nitrous oxide and medical air, 100% oxygen 4 litter flows was used.
Results:
During the period of this study, we made some changes in techniques and treatment strategies for treating patients with neurosurgical problems. Our data revealed, 18 patients were presented with extra-dural haemorrhage (EDH), depressed fracture was detected in 42 of the patients, and hydrocephalus 12, abscess 5, tumor were 8, and sub-dural haemorrhage (SDH) was encountered in 41 patients.
Design of LED constant current driving circuit
Authors: Cheng， Mengzhang , Yu Xinyu
Published: March 2024

A 3W series LED constant current drive integrated circuit is designed in this paper. The driver can provide a constant current of 350mA for LED devices with over temperature and over voltage protection. When the power supply voltage fluctuates within ± 10%, the output driving current changes less than 5%; When the temperature of chip varies between 0 º C and 120 º C, the change in output driving current is less than 5%. The chip includes constant current drive, over temperature, and over voltage control circuits, as well as high-power driving NMOS devices. The control circuit consists of a bandgap voltage reference, an error amplifier, a sampling circuit. The bandgap voltage reference provides three reference voltages that are independent of temperature and power supply voltage; The sampling circuit and operational amplifier form a negative feedback circuit, allowing the sampling NMOS and power NMOS to operate at the same temperature and current density, so that the sampling current can more accurately reflect the changes in the output driving current of the power NMOS, and improve the control accuracy of the output driving current. By using a feedback control circuit, the sampling current tends to be constant, thereby achieving the goal of controlling the output driving current. The automatic adjustment of output current is achieved through over temperature and overvoltage circuits, which not only ensures the continuity of output current but also effectively ensures the safety of LED devices.
PL-NCC: A Novel Approach for Fake News Detection through Data Augmentation
Authors: Arunthavachelvan Keshopan , Hasan Emrul , Ding Cherie , Raza Shaina
Published: March 2024

Fake news has become rampant with the prominence of social media, jeopardizing information integrity and the reliability of news. It becomes imperative for media platforms to develop robust and efficient strategies to mitigate the spread of fake news. We make two contributions to fake news research in this work. Firstly, we propose the Psycho-Linguistic News Content and Comments (PL-NCC) dataset, a consolidated dataset of two leading fake news datasets, NELA-GT and Faked-dit, which leverages linguistic and psychological characteristics from the news articles and user comments to improve the classification accuracy of benchmark models. Secondly, we propose the News Content and Comments (NCC) classification model to leverage the psychological features extracted from our PL-NCC dataset, which introduces a feed-forward layer to a deep learning model, enhancing the efficacy of the extracted psychological features to better identify fake news. Our approach achieves a classification accuracy of over ninety percent, exceeding baseline results.
Research on the Impact of Population Agglomeration on Carbon Emission Efficiency: Empirical evidence from 284 cities in China
Authors: Zhou Fan , Zhou Zhou
Published: March 2024

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the impact of population concentration on the efficiency of urban carbon emissions in order to build a long-term mechanism of green development in China. Based on the panel data of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2019, this paper uses the super-efficient SBM model to measure the urban carbon emission efficiency, and depicts the upgrading of urban industrial structure with the upgrading and rationalization of industrial structure, and then makes quantitative analysis on this basis. The results show that population concentration can significantly improve the efficiency of urban carbon emissions. The conclusion is still valid after dealing with endogenous problems and robustness testing. Population concentration can improve carbon emission efficiency by stimulating regional technological innovation level; The upgrading and rationalization of industrial structure have a threshold effect on the urban carbon emission efficiency. The impact of the upgrading of industrial structure on the carbon emission efficiency before and after the threshold value presents a trend of "first restraining and then promoting", while the rationalization of industrial structure presents a more obvious promoting effect after crossing the threshold; Spatial measurement shows that urban carbon emission efficiency has a significant positive spillover effect, and also has a significant promotion effect on the carbon emission efficiency of neighboring cities, and the intensity is higher than the local level. Finally, based on the empirical conclusion, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward from the perspective of the government.
A Novel Application of Filtration for the Collection of Microplastics in Waterways
Authors: Isahaku Ziddane
Published: March 2024

Since their invention, plastics have become ubiquitous in modern societies all around the world, and their impact on the environment has, in recent years, become nearly as well-known. Plastics produced by humans have reached nearly every corner of the world, and throughout their centuries-long lifetimes, plastics continually break down into smaller and smaller particles due to the physical stresses which they are subjected to. These stresses eventually, inevitably, break these plastics down into microplastics –pieces of plastic small enough to be consumed by organisms in bodies of water throughout the globe. These microplastics can very easily bioaccumulate, and have been found everywhere from the Great Lakes to the bloodstreams of humans. The effects of these plastics are poorly understood, however, they have been linked to infertility, halted growth, and a host of other maladies in aquatic organisms. Currently, removal of these plastics has been neglected, with no governmental action to remove them from marine environments, and this project aims to begin prototyping a solution to this issue. A significant percentage of microplastics are found at the surface of waterways, thus trawling in surface waters using an autonomously propelled net is proposed as a way to solve this seemingly intractable issue. By attaching motors and a guidance system to a manta trawl, a device currently used for collecting microorganisms, the process of collecting microplastics in open water can be automated, and thus the work of removing plastics from the environment on a large scale can begin.
Opinion Leaders and Product Boycott Intentions: Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior in Support of Israel Boycott
Authors: Awaludin Azrul Afrillana , Al-Khaidar Moch Aridhi , Ratnasari Ririn Tri
Published: March 2024

This study aims to identify the factors driving consumers to boycott companies that support the occupation of Israel, with an emphasis on the role of religiosity and religious values as the main motivating factors. This is motivated by contradictory results from previous research, especially related to the influence of religiosity and opinion leaders in boycotting companies that support Israel. The variables under investigation include opinion leaders, religiosity, consumer animosity, consumer ethnocentrism, and perceived efficacy, measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The research method is quantitative, employing SEM-PLS for model evaluation. A total of 156 respondents were selected through the purposive sampling technique. The research findings conclude that, among the five independent variables, religiosity, consumer animosity, and opinion leaders do not have a direct influence on the intention to boycott. However, opinion leaders indirectly influence the boycott intention through consumer ethnocentrism. Meanwhile, consumer ethnocentrism and perceived efficacy positively influence the intention to boycott. This research contributes to the literature on the role of opinion leaders in shaping consumer behavior and provides an actual understanding of the boycott phenomenon. In practical terms, this research makes an implication contribution to supporting local products by utilizing opinion leaders as promoters
Oil Pastes as a Modern Fatty Healthy Food Product
Authors: Topnikova E. , Nikitina Yuliya
Published: March 2024

The article provides an analysis of the composition, properties and production technology of dairy fat products with a mass fraction of fat from 39 to 40 % inclusive, called abroad low-fat milk spreads or semi-fat butter, and classified according to the classification accepted in the Russian Federation as oil pastes. The beneficial properties of this group of products can make them attractive to consumers. The manufacturer is given the opportunity to diversify the range of products that more fully meet the requirements of a healthy diet based on the following characteristics: moderate calorie content, reduced fat content, increased content of proteins, carbohydrates and other non-fat components. The product has good physicochemical, rheological and organoleptic properties.
The Kyrgyz Republic’s Regional Development Problems in the Conditions of New Challenges
Authors: Satyvaldieva Baktygul'
Published: March 2024

The current situation in the world reflects the peculiarities of the interaction between American democracy and surrounding countries. All global economy participants need to determine their own position regarding the events taking place in the world and the growing confrontation. Under these conditions, there is a serious drop in the socio-economic sphere of the Kyrgyz Republic, which determines the relevance of studying the topic. The article shows the conditions and trends of socio-economic development of the Kyrgyz Republic’s regions and the features of its socio-economic development for 2010–2023. The issues of uneven regional development are discussed, in particular, the problems of regional economic policy in the context of modern challenges such as the geopolitical situation and digitalization processes, as well as the peculiarities of the trade relations formation are identified. The aim is to identify the key problems of regional development in the Kyrgyz Republic. The author conducts research of statistical material and publications of domestic and foreign scientists using the methods of analysis, synthesis, and induction. The study proposes measures to stabilize the situation in the region and the direction of economic policy in the new conditions of world economy. The most important measure is effort to increase the investments attraction in key sectors of the economy. The prospects and opportunities of the Kyrgyz Republic Government in overcoming key regional problems are considered.
La combinación de la refronterización y la desfronterización en la configuración territorial. Un acercamiento desde la teoría de campos
Authors: Oliveras González Xavier
Published: March 2024

El objetivo del artículo es explicar la combinación de la desfronterización y la refronterización, dos procesos opuestos, y sus efectos en la configuración territorial. Para explicarlo se recurre a la teoría de campos, en particular en cuanto a las relaciones externas entre campos (la intersección e interacción). Para probarlo, se emplea una metodología cualitativa para analizar un caso referido a la configuración del perímetro fronterizo de México y Estados Unidos: la planeación de un parque binacional en las ciudades gemelas de Nuevo Laredo y Laredo (2021-2022). Como se muestra, el parque constituye a la vez un espacio gestionado conjuntamente por y para ambas ciudades y un espacio de vigilancia fronteriza. Se concluye que esta combinación es resultado de la intersección de tres campos (el movimiento ambientalista, las ciudades gemelas y la seguridad fronteriza) a partir de varios elementos compartidos por los tres (una localización geográfica, una especie vegetal y una narrativa).
Mixed Solvency Concept to Replace Harmful Organic Solvent: Recent Trends and Future Challenges in Formulation Development
Authors: Singh Pranjal Kumar , Singh Nidhi , Singh Atul Pratap , Bhardwaj Poonam , Sachan Kapil , Singh Smita
Published: March 2024

Organic solvents are hazardous and should be replaced with less harmful alternatives.
When developing a new formulation for a medicine with low aqueous solubility, improving its
solubility might be a significant difficulty. According to the mixed solvency concept, a novel
concept of solubilization, the solubility of poorly soluble drugs can be increased by dissolving
them in a concentrated solution comprising various substances. Methods commonly used to improve
solubility include complexation, pH modification, salt formation, hydrotropy, cosolvency,
and micelle solubilization. By reducing the concentration of specific solubilizers, this method
can be used to reduce the toxicity of solubilizers in various formulations of poorly soluble medicines.
This review aims to provide scientists with a fresh concept for enhancing medication solubility.
The benefits and drawbacks of currently available green solvents have been analyzed as
potential replacements for traditional solvents. Some examples of these solvents are bio-based
solvents like ethanol, methanol, and cyrene; d-limonene; deep eutectic solvents such as ionic
liquids and natural deep eutectic solvents; supercritical fluids; subcritical water; surfactant-based
solutions like hydrotopes and supramolecular solvents; and deep eutectic solvents like cyrene.
Eficacia de algunos productos químicos y extractos vegetales sobre Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Authors: Campos Patiño Yenifer , Colorado Laura Isabel , Rodriguez Eberto , Kondo Takumasa
Published: March 2024

El psílido asiático de los cítricos, Diaphorina citri, es una plaga importante de la citricultura por ser el vector de la enfermedad catastrófica llamada Huanglongbing (HLB). En diciembre del 2015 se encontraron psílidos positivos a la bacteria que ocasiona el HLB en el departamento de la Guajira, e inmediatamente el ICA declaró una emergencia tosanitaria. Como plan de choque el ICA ha venido realizando aplicaciones con un limitado número de insecticidas registrados para el control del psílido. Dentro de un programa de manejo integrado de plagas, se estudió la eficacia de productos químicos para el control de D. citri utilizando productos que han mostrado potencial según la literatura científica
Influencia de fuente de carbono sobre la morfología de bacterias anaerobias ruminales aisladas de fluido ruminal de ovino
Authors: Ovalle Masmela Juan C , Herrera León Rocio F , Jiménez Sabogal Hugo R. , Rodríguez Villamizar Fernando
Published: March 2024

En el rumen de los ovinos se lleva a cabo la fermentación y transformación del forraje gracias a la acción de microorganismos como las bacterias. Las bacterias ruminales son las de mayor abundancia y versatilidad metabólica y pueden utilizar polisacáridos estructurales de la fibra de diferente complejidad química y estructural. Estos polisacáridos son ricos en celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina y son degradados mediante la acción de enzimas celulolíticas y hemicelulolíticas de origen microbiano. Solo del 5 al 10 % de los microorganismos del rumen han sido aislados y cultivados, este conocimiento es aún más limitado para ovinos que pastorean forrajes tropicales, los cuales se caracterizan por su baja calidad nutritiva y alto contenido de fibra. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de fuentes de carbono de variable complejidad en la recuperación de bacterias de fluido ruminal de un ovino alimentado con forraje tropical.
https://repository.agrosavia.co/handle/20.500.12324/34973
Authors: Ramírez Gómez María Margarita , Pérez Moncada Urley Adrián , Serralde Ordóñez Diana Paola , Peñaranda Rolón Andrea María , Rodríguez Villate Alia
Published: March 2024

Existen algunos factores bióticos y abióticos que pueden afectar positiva o negativamente la estructura y diversidad de las comunidades de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares, como la interacción con otros microorganismos del suelo y prácticas agrícolas que incluyen tala, quema, fertilización y labranza. También la población de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares podría ser modulada indirectamente por aspectos de microclima, topografía y especies de plantas.
Cadena de carne bovina : anexo 5
Authors: Ruiz Diana María , Fuentes Alarcón Pedro Alexander , García Gustavo
Published: March 2024

El presente documento se preparó con el fin de proveer información básica sobre el desempeño de la cadena productiva, sus vínculos con la orientación de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación y las demandas del sector sobre conocimiento técnico, para superar problemas productivos, mejorar la competitividad, la sostenibilidad, aprovechar oportunidades de mercado, potenciar capacidades y focalizar la inversión pública. Esta información se consolidó a través del proceso de revisión y ajuste de la Agenda Dinámica Nacional de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación (Agenda I+D+i), como insumo para orientar las estrategias del PECTIA.