bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Dynamics of Crossmodal Priming
Authors: Cherenkova L.V. , Sokolova L.V.
Published: February 2023

The study is aimed at studying at determining the temporal dynamics of crossmodal priming in preschool children. The study involved 60 children aged 4 to 6 years (M = 5.6; SD = 1.2) and 20 adult subjects aged 17 to 23 years (M = 20.4; SD = 2.6). The priming paradigm was used as a research model. In this study, we determined the influence of a priori visual stimulation on the speed and accuracy of identification of test sounds, depending on the congruence of their combination with visual objects and the interval between the test and prime stimuli. In the course of the study, it was found that in 4-year-old children, a priori visual information leads to a decrease in the accuracy and speed of reaction to test sound stimuli - a negative priming effect. The magnitude of the negative priming effect decreases with an increase in the interval between prime and test stimuli. In 5-year-old children, the number of errors increases only when incongruent combinations of stimuli are presented - a negative priming effect. On the contrary, the reaction time decreases only in congruent trials with when the test stimulus is delayed relative to the prime by 150-500 ms — a positive priming effect. In 6-year-old children and adults, the accuracy of the reaction does not change, and the reaction rate significantly increases in congruent trials positive priming effect) and decreases in incongruent trials (negative priming effect). The observed dynamics of changes in the interaction of sound and visual stimulation testifies to the formation of mechanisms of attention and multisensory integration in preschool children.
Features of post-infarction chronic heart failure in patients with a new coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors: Kalashnikova Natalya M. , Zaitsev Dmitriy N. , Govorin Anatoly V. , Mukha Natalya V. , Chistyakova Marina V.
Published: February 2023

Background. The coronavirus pandemic has caused a rapid increase in the number of cases and high deaths worldwide. A new coronavirus infection in the presence of an initial cardiac pathology can provoke decompensation of chronic heart failure.
Aim. To study the clinical features of postinfarction chronic heart failure occurring against the background of a new coronavirus infection.
Material and methods. The study included 80 patients with decompensated chronic heart failure. Three groups have been formed. In patients of the first group (n=40), who underwent inpatient treatment for a new coronavirus infection, the cause of chronic heart failure was a previous Q-myocardial infarction. In patients of the second group (n=20), who did not tolerate COVID-19 earlier and at the time of the current hospitalization, the cause of chronic heart failure was a previous Q-myocardial infarction. The third group (n=20) consisted of patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic etiology without postinfarction cardiosclerosis, not previously and at the time of examination infected with the SARS-Cov-2 virus. Statistical analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics V26 program. The KolmogorovSmirnov, KruskalWallis, and Pearson 2 tests were used.
Results. Symptoms of left and right ventricular heart failure were equally common in all groups. Patients of the studied groups had a history of paroxysmal and permanent forms of atrial fibrillation, while the latter variant was more common in patients of the first group with chronic heart failure with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and coronavirus infection. According to echocardiography, the most pronounced structural and functional changes in the myocardium were also found in patients of the first group with postinfarction heart failure and a new coronavirus infection. Thus, statistically significant differences related to the size of the left atrium, end diastolic volume and end systolic volume of the left ventricle, systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery. An increase in the end systolic volume of the left ventricle by 94.6% was registered in the first group compared with the third group of patients (p=0.001). Systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery in the first group was 14.2% higher than the normal values (p 0.001), while in patients of the second and third groups this indicator was within the normal range.
Conclusion. In patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis suffering from a new coronavirus infection, symptoms of chronic heart failure are more pronounced, characterized by a significant decrease in exercise tolerance; cardiac arrhythmias are more often recorded, and structural and functional changes in the myocardium are of a maladaptive nature.
La lectura de los estereotipos femeninos en Anticípolis de Luis de Oteyza
Authors: Galloso-Camacho María-Victoria , Alonso-López Carmen-María
Published: February 2023

En las primeras décadas del siglo XX, Nueva York se convirtió en la imagen de la modernidad. Ante la crisis de identidad nacional que sufría España, la ciudad se cristalizó como tema estrella en las letras españolas, representando un posible modelo en la pugna entre tradición y modernidad. Paralelamente, se produjeron en todo el mundo importantes cambios sociales, en especial para las mujeres. Tomando como referencia la representación de Nueva York en la novela de Luis de Oteyza, Anticípolis, analizaremos los estereotipos femeninos que aparecen y observaremos la disputa entre modernidad y tradición representadas en el conflicto entre los personajes principales. El objetivo de este artículo es indagar en los procesos de modernización en la situación de la mujer que están implícitos en el conflicto entre los modelos femeninos del “ángel del hogar” y la “flapper”.
Short stature, primary care approach and diagnosis
Authors: Gómez-Tarazona Carlos A. , Mendoza-Rojas Víctor C.
Published: February 2023

The following review article main objective seeks to provide an approach from a health care first level institution, of one of the most frequent queries in pediatrics and general medicine, stunted growth. The relation of consults for short stature in children is higher in boys rather than girls, but most of the times girls have more prevalence of organic diseases and growth disturbances than boys. When we receive a patient who complains of short stature, we should ask a series of questions and take some anthropometric measures to classify the child and determine the diagnosis. The first level doctor has to understand the meaning of these measures and determine if the child’s short stature is whether pathological or physiological. Then the child has to be classified again, if it is a physiological short stature, he needs to be group into genetic short stature or constitutional delay of growth and development, which constitutes by far the 80% of the cases. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(3):73-8.
Anticancer Properties of a New Platinum (IV) Agent on HT1080 Cancer Stem-Like Cells: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Sajjadi Mohri Seyede Masoome , Montazeri Vahideh , Aliebrahimi Shima , Abedi Anita , Zare Dehnavi Marzieh , Jamshidzade Akram , Ostad Seyed Nasser
Published: February 2023

According to the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, a subpopulation of cells demonstrating stem-like cell properties is responsible for tumorigenicity, self-renewal capacity, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence. Due to the resistance of CSCs, it is necessary to develop drugs with appropriate efficacy. Although cisplatin is a potent antitumor agent widely used in the treatment of different cancers, its severe side effects and resistance remain a challenge in clinical practice. Research has shown that platinum (IV) has considerably fewer side effects and is associated with much less drug resistance. In this study, the toxicity and effectiveness of [Pt(dpyam)Cl4], where dpyam is 2,2'-dipyridylamine as a platinum (IV) agent, was investigated to find a reliable alternative to cisplatin. For this purpose, cancer stem-like cells (CS-LCs) with CD44+/CD133+ phenotype were isolated from HT1080 cells. EJ138, HT1080, and CS-LCs derived from HT1080 cells were selected to compare the effectiveness of Pt (IV) complex versus cisplatin. MTT, apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis were carried out to evaluate drug toxicity. Sphere and colony formation assays confirmed the potentiality of Pt (IV) complex and cisplatin to target stemness characteristics of CS-LCs. Although toxicity results were in favor of cisplatin, the anticancer activity of the synthesized Pt (IV) complex was also considerable. Regarding other studies that proposed high selective toxicity of Pt (IV), it could be a candidate for additional improvements.
Sassanids and Their Attitude to Medical Knowledge
Authors: Kohansal Vajargah Hasan
Published: February 2023

The Sassanid Empire ruled in Iran between 224 AD and 651 AD. The founder of this dynasty, Ardashir I (241-224 AD), a Zoroastrian cleric, took two very important steps in the beginning; One was the creation of a central government and the other was the formalization of the religion of Zoroaster. The homogeneity and alignment of government and religion in the Sassanid administration had very important effects on the growth and development of science and knowledge, especially medical science, which began in the Achaemenid Empire (330 559 AD). The under-consideration question in this research is that despite the class system and the monopoly of learning science and knowledge in the privileged classes of society, what was the status of medical science in the Sassanid period? This study showed that medical science had the highest position in the teachings of Zoroastrian religion; Because with that, they took care of their health and performed their religious duties well, and with it, they overcame the devil. In Zoroastrian religious texts, the duties and characteristics of the physician, the types of diseases and how to treat and the rules related to ‘Tebabat’(medicine) are discussed. In addition to this, the encouragement policy of kings and Sassanid government, including; Expanding cultural and scientific relations with India, Greece and Rome, translating the works of foreign physicians into Pahlavi and archiving them along with the formation of a large library, inviting foreign physicians to work at ‘GondiShapur’ University and sending Iranian physicians abroad in order to acquire more medical knowledge and experience, they were very influential in the growth and development of medical science. The current study has been conducted in a historical method with reference to library sources and archaeological sources as well as new researches have been used to complete the topics. It seems that due to the spread of Iranian civilization in the Sassanid era and paying attention to science and knowledge as well as the creation of a medical city in the Sassanid period, medical knowledge had a great importance in this period and this knowledge was researching professionally.
Legislative Developments of the Confidentiality Principle of Medical Information in Iranian and French Law
Authors: Yoshanloey Jafar Nory , Azadbakht Shobeir
Published: February 2023

One of the key principles in medical ethics, which has significant social effects, is the confidentiality of medical information. Given the significance of this principle, the legal systems of different countries have considered and recognized the principle of confidentiality. The existence of the principle of confidentiality can be viewed for two groups of people: those who are alive and those who have died. Two different bases underlie the recognition of confidentiality for each group. In Iranian and French law, this principle is applied to protect the privacy of living persons. While, for deceased people, it is applied for the public interests of the community and to ensure the no-harm rule. The purpose of this article is to examine how the principle of confidentiality is contemplated for these two groups of persons in French and Iranian law. There is an explicit provision in French law regarding the living and the deceased persons. In Iranian law, however, the principle of confidentiality is only recognized for living persons; However, despite the silence of the Iranian legislator, the principle of confidentiality can be extended to the deceased people. Nevertheless, this article attempts to briefly examine the concept and basis of the principle of confidentiality and then describe the position of the two legal systems of France and Iran.
Bionomics of Anopheles culicifacies Sensu Lato in two Malaria Endemic Districts of Central Gujarat, India
Authors: Baharia Rajendra K , Kaur Jaspreet , Sindhania Ankita , Sharma Gunjan , Srivastava Harish C , Pant Chandra S , Rahi Manju , Raghavendra Kamaraju , Singh Om P
Published: February 2023

Background: Gujarat State has been witnessing large scale urbanization, in last two decades, resulting changes in local environment and microclimate may have also influenced the resting, feeding habits and development of Anopheles cu­licifacies sensu 1ato. Therefore, a systematic longitudinal study was undertaken to know the bionomics of An. culicifa­cies s.l. in present study.
Methods: The study was conducted in four sentinel villages in Kheda and Panchmahal Districts. The mosquitoes rest­ing indoors and outdoors were collected in early morning hours, using mouth aspirator, pyrethrum space spray and light traps. Mosquito landing collections on human volunteers was carried out from dusk to dawn. Species composition, abundance, seasonal prevalence, resting behavior (Endophily and Exophily), sibling species composition, vector poten­tial and insecticide susceptibility status of malaria vectors was studied.
Results: Six Anopheles species were collected, An. subpictus s.l. was the predominant species followed by An. culicifa­cies s.l., a known malaria vector was resting indoor and zoophagic behaviour. Anopheles culicifacies, sibling species B (89%) was found. The sporozoite rate (%) and entomological inoculation rate in Kheda was 2.33%, 3.09 per bite/ per­son/annum and they were 1.05% and 0.475 bite/person/annum in Panchmahal, respectively. Anopheles culicifa­cies s.l. was found possible resistance to alpha-cypermethrin.
Conclusion: Anopheles culicifacies s.l. showed endophillic, zoophagic behaviour and found possible resistance to al­pha-cypermethrin. Early biting behaviour of An. culicifacies s.l. in this area is a cause of concern. Therefore, there is need for frequent monitoring and evaluation of vector control measures in order to achieve the elimination target of ma­laria in this area.
Concurrent Trypanosomosis, Babesiosis and Toxocarosis in a Dog: a Case Report
Authors: Abbas Haider , Rizwan Hafiz Muhammad , Younus Muhammad , Sajid Muhammad Sohail , Farooqi Shahid Hussain , Iqbal Zeeshan , Imran Muhammad , Amanat Usman , Wazir Nida , Naeem Muhammad Ahsan
Published: February 2023

Background: Among the blood-borne parasitic infections of dogs, trypanosomosis and babesiosis are highly prevalent in the Indian subcontinent and highly pathogenic.
Methods: A six-month-old dog was presented with complaint of lethargy, anorexia and loss of body weight over the previous 15 days on October 11, 2021. A full clinical and targeted haematologic and parasitological examination was undertaken.
Results: Wet smears were positive for the motile trypanosomes while stained thin blood smears showed large number of extracellular trypanosomes and intra-erythrocytic ring-like inclusion bodies of Babesia spp. A high burden of Toxo­cara canis was identified on coprological examination.
Conclusion: This report describes the clinical manifestation of concurrent infection of haemoparasites and gastrointes­tinal nematodes in Pakistani dogs, and highlights the importance of prompt veterinary intervention.
DIFFUSE REFLECTION SPECTRA OF FROZEN SALT MELTS OF THE CeF3-EuF3-NaCl-KCl SYSTEMS
Authors: Zinchenko V. F. , Ieriomin O. G. , Stoyanova I. V. , Volchak G. V. , Babenko A. V.
Published: February 2023

The nature of the interaction was determined by the method of diffuse reflection (DR) spectroscopy and conclusions were made about the possible composition of the reaction products in the CeF3-EuF3-NaCl-KCl system. As a result of high-temperature (800 and 1100 °C) heat treatment of a mixture of CeF3 with EuF3 in the ratios 1: 1 and 1: 2, a significant change in the nature of the spectral curves of DR in UV and near IR-spectral ranges is observed. In the first of them, intense absorption was found in the entire spectral range, and more pronounced at higher EuF3 content. On the other hand, significant deformation and a sharp decrease in the intensity of the absorption band are observed on the spectral curves of the DR in the near IR range of the spectrum. The DR spectra of sintered samples in the UV range indicate the emergence of various valent states of Ce (III, IV) and Eu (II, III) with a predominance of Ce4+ and Eu2+ ions compared to Ce3+ and Eu3+. The decrease in the absorption intensity of Eu3+ ions due to 4f‑4f electronic transitions in the near-IR spectra is a direct confirmation of the oxidation-reduction processes occurring in the solid state system. These processes become even more pronounced when processing samples of systems in NaCl-KCl melt, even without pre-sintering. Thus, in the sample, which is a mechanical mixture of CeF3-EuF3 after treatment in the salt melt, the absorption in the near IR range on the DR spectra either disappears altogether (ratio 1: 1), or is a slight residue of F(R) at about 10–3 a. u.). The spectra of DR in the UV range also change dramatically, indicating a predominant content of Eu (II) compared to Eu (III). A similar effect on the nature of the DR spectrum is exerted by the processing of pre-sintered samples in the salt melt, namely, there is a change in the nature of the DR spectral curves both in the UV and in the near IR ranges of the spectrum. This indicates the deepening of the oxidation-reduction processes in the samples of the CeF3-EuF3-NaCl-KCl system with the participation of the salt melt. The increase in the ratio of CeF3-EuF3 from 1: 1 to 1: 2 contributes to above mentioned processes.
OFFICE SCANNER USE FOR OBTAINING ANALYSIS OBJECTS DIGITAL IMAGES AND THEIR COLOR CHARACTERISTICS COMPUTER DETERMINATION
Authors: Zheltvay I. I. , Timukhin E. V. , Khoma R. E. , Vodzinskii S. V.
Published: February 2023

Recently, the practice of analytical chemistry has included the method of chemical chromaticity, based on the measurement of the integral characteristics of the color reflected from the surface of the analyte and which makes it possible to distinguish between spectrally close substances. With the spread scanners and computer programs for color image processing, a fast and objective method for assessing the color characteristics of colored samples has appeared, opening up the prospect of using chemical chromaticity in the chemical analysis of various objects in the absence of special spectrophotometric equipment or with minimal use of it. Thus, the process of chemical chromaticity analysis is divided into two parts: obtaining a high-quality digital image of the analyzed object and processing the resulting file in a graphics editor. The article describes in detail the methodological issues of scanning solutions, powders, surfaces of dosage forms using an office scanner and processing the resulting digital images in a graphics editor. On the example of model samples, standard solutions of salts FeCl3⋅6H2O, CoCl2⋅6H2O, CuSO4⋅5H2O, it is shown that in the range of 6–60 g/l their concentrations can be determined with sufficient accuracy as with using its absorption spectra (registered on a Lambda 9 PerkinElmer spectrophotometer) or spectra of diffuse reflection (on the same instrument using a scanning sphere B013–9941), and when using an desktop scanner HP scanjet 2200c with HP PrecisionScan LTX 1.2 software, followed by digital processing of  the scan in Photoshop CS3. Acquisition and analysis of digital images of analytes can be considered as an inexpensive replacement for spectrophotometry in a certain interval of concentrations, comparable with it in terms of accuracy and reliability of determinations. The introduction of this technique into the educational process makes it possible to increase the efficiency of teaching students when mastering the skills of converting color characteristics into optical density values and to better understand the principles of the science of color and light absorption. The method can be made mobile for analysis of results in remote areas using a portable scanner powered by battery.
El papel de los medios de comunicación en el fortalecimiento de la democracia. Hacia un sello de calidad a medios de comunicación confiables, plurales y libres de prejuicios
Authors: López Raventós Cristian , Padrós Blázquez Ferran , Navarro Contreras Gabriela
Published: February 2023

Tomando en consideración la proliferación de información a la que estamos sometidos, y que estamos inmersos en la era de la posverdad, pensamos que es fundamental disponer de medios de información de calidad. En el presente artículo se señala el exceso de información al que estamos expuestos; además, se describen los elevados índices de información distorsionada, o fake news, a los que estamos asimismo sometidos. También, se exponen los fenómenos de índole psicológica que inciden en las creencias y actitudes de las personas, y que suponen riesgos de abuso de poder por parte de los medios de comunicación. Por ello, se propone que se les otorguen distinciones a aquellos medios que den garantías de veracidad de la información ofrecida y reserven espacios para la pluralidad, es decir, para la expresión de opinión desde diferentes ideologías; asimismo, que eviten la formación de prejuicios. Todo esto para que los consumidores puedan identificar aquellos medios que ofrezcan calidad.
2030: la Era Token
Authors: Saenz de Santa María Valvanera Campos
Published: February 2023

En este artículo se estudia el fenómeno de la tecnología blockchain, adentrándonos en el análisis de un nuevo marco jurídico desconocido y hasta la fecha en pleno desarrollo normativo. Con el propósito de entender el carácter disruptivo de esta nueva tendencia en el mercado actual, y previsiblemente futuro, se detalla el proceso denominado tokenizacion de activos, su evolución, razón de ser, y las ventajas y dificultades que presentan estos criptoactivos. Hasta tal punto la tecnología blockchain ha hecho tambalear el marco regulatorio de mercado conocido hasta ahora, con la creación del Metaverso, que la realidad virtual está siendo comercializada por las principales empresas a nivel mundial como escaparate para sus nuevos productos. Si bien existe cierta regulación respecto a los criptoactivos, se trata de un fenómeno en pleno auge y cuya regulación actual no deja de ser una aplicación analógica de la legislación vigente a la hora de entender este nuevo modelo económico internacional. En el mismo sentido, en el presente trabajo se analizan los denominados fan tokens, desde su concepto básico hasta su evolución como una nueva forma de captar inversión. El último reto de los criptoactivos se aborda con la posibilidad de la tokenización de bienes inmuebles, es decir, la digitalización de bienes inmuebles en el mundo físico a su digitalización en el mundo virtual, posibilidad que a día de hoy, no deja de tener luces y sombras para una aplicación plenamente efectiva.
Desenhando a restinga: percepção ambiental de alunos do 6 º ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Militão Catia , Cosendey Beatriz
Published: February 2023

A percepção ambiental tem sido indicada como uma possibilidade de estudo prévio em projetos que busquem a reflexão, sensibilização e mobilização do indivíduo para o tema ambiental. O presente estudo buscou, através do desenho, compreender como os alunos do 6° ano do Ensino Fundamental percebem o ecossistema de restinga. A pesquisa foi conduzida na Escola Municipalizada de Inoã, localizada no município de Maricá - RJ. Obtivemos um total de 30 desenhos, dos quais 90% continham algum tipo de vegetação e 20% continham representantes da fauna costeira. Em relação ao grau de conservação das restingas, 36,6% dos 30 desenhos representavam restingas preservadas e 63,6% apresentavam restinga com interferência humana. Os resultados demostraram que os alunos perceberam o ecossistema de restinga como tendo uma forte relação com a estrutura vegetal. No entanto, independente de representarem restingas preservadas ou não, a interferência humana no ambiente de restinga foi um item frequente nos desenhos.
Evaluating the Efficacy of the Treatment in Lambs with Cryptosporidium spp. via Saa and Haptoglobin
Authors: Kabu M. , Civelek T. , Tunç A.C. , Eser M.
Published: February 2023

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment for the diarrhea due to Cryptosporidium, which is prevalent in lambs, via the concentrations of Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and Haptoglobin (Hp). Although there are experimental studies in this field, there are quite a few studies on the lambs which are infected naturally. Methods: In this study, stool samples were collected from the lambs that were affected with diarrhea and Cryptosporidium was detected via the rapid test kit (Bio-X Diagnostics S.A. Rochefort/Belgium). Following this procedure, 15 lambs were included in the study by examining same stool samples microscopically and 50 mg/kg of paromomycin sulphate (Huvepharma) was administered to the lambs in which Cryptosporidium spp. was detected for five days as a treatment. 10 healthy lambs formed the control group. Blood samples were taken from all lambs to measure SAA and Hp in the pre and post treatment stages. In the serums obtained from blood samples, concentrations of SAA and Hp were measured in ELISA by using commercial kits. Result: In the lambs with Cryptosporidium, concentrations of SAA and HP were as (SAA; 20,62±4,83 ng/mL HP; 2,63±0,77 µg/mL) in pre-treatment and as (SAA;12,93±3,27 ng/mL, Hp; 1,59±0,73 µg/mL) in post-treatment stage while they were as (SAA;10,07±2,49 ng/mL, Hp; 1,03±0,59 µg/mL) in the control group. In the pre and post treatment stage measurements, a statistically significant difference (p less than 0,05) in the values of SAA and Hp was found between the control group and the lambs wit diarrhea due to Cryptosporidium. It was suggested that this might have occurred as a result of inflammatory response against Cryptosporidium. In the light of these findings, it is asserted that routine measurements of SAA and Hp concentrations of the lambs with diarrhea due to cryptosporidiosis could be beneficial in the following up the treatment, determining the severity of the infection, choosing the right method for treatment and monitoring the efficacy of the chosen treatment method and in detecting subclinical diseases in veterinary medicine.
Genetic Diversity of Crossbred Cattle using Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Gene in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Utami Sri , Jamil Ali , Nidom Reviany V. , Natsir Muhlis , Prayitno Haris , Prakoso Dhani , Ansori Arif N.M. , Indrasari Setyarina , Nidom Chairul A.
Published: February 2023

Background: The genetic diversity information of local cattle and crossbred in South Sulawesi, Indonesia is essential for the establishment of conservation and breeding strategies. This research targeted to evaluate the phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of local and crossbred (CB) cattle. Methods: The present research organized at the Animal Laboratory, Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya, Indonesia from February to October 2021. The genome was isolated from 20 whole blood samples from seven purebreed belongs to Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center Malang, Indonesia, four crossbred in Gowa and nine crossbred in Sidrap, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Partial sequences of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were amplified employing the polymerase chain reaction technique. Result: This study revealed that a lot of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) found in local cattle (Bali and Peranakan Ongole) and CB cattle in Gowa and Sidrap indicated various genetic diversity can be used as a marker candidate and potential to be developed into future research knowing the correlation of the SNP with the growth rate of CB. Thus, this information will be helpful for further strategy in breeding development program.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Vieira José Antônio , De Oliveira Ribeiro Mariana Aparecida , Barzotto Valdir Heitor , Ataíde Maciel Carla Maria , Miranda Ynga Diana Milagro , Oliveira Ligia Vanessa Penha
Published: February 2023

A Revista de Letras Juçara, periódico eletrônico editado pelo curso de Letras da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão – UEMA/Campus Caxias, em seu V.06 N. 02, traz artigos que investigam as temáticas do seu escopo, ou seja, os estudos linguísticos e literários. O Dossiê dessa edição, foi organizado pelos pesquisadores: Prof. Dr. José Antônio Vieira (UEMA/UFMA), Profa. Dra. Mariana Aparecida de Oliveira Ribeiro (UFMA), Prof. Dr. Valdir Heitor Barzotto (USP), Profa. Dra. Carla Maciel (UPM-Moçambique) e Profa. Dra. Diana Milagro Miranda Ynga (UNT-Peru), e traz uma seleção de expressivas análises em torno do tema “OS SABERES DE COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS EM NARRATIVAS ORAIS E ESCRITAS".
Do Budgeting Practices Affect Saving Behavior among Smallscale Enterpreneurs in Kenya? Evidence from Kisumu Central Constitency
Authors: Sarah Komen Chepchirchir , Mule Robert Kisavi
Published: February 2023

World Bank Development Indicators' most recent data reveals that the nation's Gross Domestic Savings as a proportion of gross domestic product(GDP) was 11.09 percent in 2017, 11.64 percent in 2018, 11.25 percent in 2019, and 12.83 percent in 2020. This shows that the country’s domestic savings is increasing but relatively low. As a result of this, the country presents a significant development challenge. Individuals need to learn the basic knowledge of financial areas so that people may make knowledgeable financial decisions about how to earn, spend, save, manage, and invest their money. The purpose of this study was to answer if budgeting practices affect saving behavior among small-scale entrepreneurs in Kenya.  The study's particular objectives were to; establish the influence of monitoring spending, financial planning, and tracking spending patterns on saving behavior among small entrepreneurs. The study was guided by Life Cycle Theory and Financial Literacy Theory. A correlational research design was employed in the study. The target population comprised 914 registered small entrepreneurs in Kisumu town central constituency who have been in business for at least 2 years. The study adopted the Yamane sampling technique and obtained 278 respondents. Open-ended and closed-ended structured questionnaires were employed to gather primary data. To test the reliability of the questionnaire, the study piloted 28 respondents who were excluded from the final study. The study then used Cronbach’s Alpha to test reliability. The results showed that budgeting practices (α=0.828) and saving behavior (α=0.870) all had a strong alpha value of above 0.7 which indicates that the instrument is reliable. The study findings revealed that; monitoring spending was significant (β= .376; p=.000˂ 0.05) that is an increase of 1 unit in monitoring spending causes an increase of .376 units in saving behavior, financial planning was significant (β= .333, p=.000˂0.05) that is an increase of 1 unit in financial planning causes an increase of .333 units in saving behavior and tracking spending pattern was also significant (β= .179, p= .000˂0.05) that is an increase of 1 unit in monitoring spending terms causes an increase of .179 units in saving behavior. There was a strong positive and significant association between budgeting and saving behavior thus rejecting the null hypothesis. The study concludes that budgeting practices improve the saving behavior of small entrepreneurs in Kenya and recommends that small-scale entrepreneurs should practice all aspects of budgeting practices which includes monitoring spending, financial planning, and tracking spending patterns. This will enable them to compare what they have spent concerning what they had planned thereby helping them improve their saving behavior.
Evaluation de l’Attention Selective chez les Alcoolodependants Admis au Centre de la Croix Bleue (Cote d’Ivoire)
Authors: Emmanuel Diboh , Marc Ounnebo Gniondjibohoui , Jean-Claude N’Guia , Sébastien Kouadio , Bienvenu Koffi , Samedi Dje Bi , Luc Gbalou Kakou , Antoine Irié Bi , Antoine Tako Némé
Published: February 2023

Les effets toxiques de l’alcool sur le cerveau peuvent être mis en évidence par imagerie médicale. Ainsi, une diminution de la substance grise a été observée chez des personnes alcoolo-dépendantes. Plus la consommation d’alcool commence à un âge précoce, plus l’altération de la matière grise est importante. En Côte d’Ivoire, des travaux antérieures indiquent la présence de perturbations de l’attention sélective et de la mémoire de travail chez des adolescents et jeunes adultes non alcoolo-dépendants, mais consommateurs réguliers de koutoukou (eau-de-vie locale de fabrication artisanale, issue de la sève de palmier à huile  ̏ Elaeis guineensis Jacq.̋). Cette étude a pour objectif d’étudier les effets de l’alcool sur les facultés attentionnelles des patients alcoolo-dépendants. A cet effet, un test neuropsychologique (test de Stroop) a été utilisé afin de comparer les performances attentionnelles des patients avant et après traitement (sevrage). Il en ressort que l’alcool altère significativement l’attention sélective chez les alcoolo-dépendants. Cependant, il a été constaté après traitement (sevrage), une récupération progressive de cette fonction cognitive. Cependant les performances des sujets traités n’égalent pas celle des témoins. (préciser le type de l’approche / étude ; ressortir les principaux résultats pour le lecteur).

 

The toxic effects of alcohol on the brain can be demonstrated by medical imaging. Thus, a decrease in the gray matter has been observed in alcohol-dependent people. The earlier alcohol consumption begins, the greater the impairment of gray matter. In Côte d'Ivoire, previous work indicates the presence of disturbances in selective attention and working memory in non-alcohol-dependent adolescents and young adults, but regular consumers of koutoukou (local brandy made artisanal, made from oil palm sap ̏ Elaeis guineensis Jacq.̋). This study aims to study the effects of alcohol on the attentional faculties of alcohol-dependent patients. To this end, a neuropsychological test (Stroop test) was used to compare the attentional performance of patients before and after treatment (withdrawal). It appears that alcohol significantly alters selective attention in alcohol-dependent people. However, it was observed after treatment (withdrawal), a gradual recovery of these cognitive functions. However, the performance of the treated subjects did not equal that of the controls.
Przyzwoitość epistemiczna. Ćwiczenia z polityki negatywnej Avishaia Margalita
Authors: Liszka Katarzyna
Published: February 2023

Tekst dotyczy problematyki z pogranicza epistemologii cnoty, filozofi i społecznej i etyki, zwłaszcza szeroko dyskutowanej w ostatnich latach kwestii sprawiedliwości epistemicznej. Koncentruje się na zagadnieniu upokorzenia epistemicznego, którego znaczenie ujmuje, wychodząc od analizy porównawczej The Decent Society Avishaia Margalita oraz Epistemic Injustice Mirandy Fricker. Artykuł ukazuje punkty styczne tych koncepcji, przede wszystkim pierwszeństwo polityki negatywnej, która konfrontuje się ze złem, przed polityką, która wspiera dobro. Tekst przenosi akcent z pojęcia niesprawiedliwości epistemicznej i kontrastującej z nią cnoty sprawiedliwości świadczeniowej i hermeneutycznej, które proponuje Fricker, na pojęcia upokorzenia i przyzwoitości epistemicznej na podstawie idei społeczeństwa przyzwoitego jako nieupokarzającego Margalita.
Celem artykułu jest wyartykułowanie pojęcia przyzwoitości epistemicznej jako podstawowej cnoty moralnej, zarówno prywatnej, jak i instytucjonalnej. Przyzwoitość epistemiczna polega na nieupokarzaniu innych istot ludzkich jako podmiotów wiedzy, przekonań, uczuć, w skrócie — jako wiarygodnych świadków, którzy mogą zaświadczyć o swoim doświadczeniu moralnym i epistemicznym. Przy tym upokorzenie epistemiczne rozumiane jest tu za Margalitem jako kombinacja trzech sensów: (1) traktowania człowieka jak nieczłowieka, (2) wykluczenia z ludzkości lub zapośredniczonego wykluczenia grupy, do której jednostka przynależy, oraz (3) pozbawienia wolności i kontroli nad życiem.
La confianza en el Derecho. Un centro de gravedad permanente
Authors: Bea Pérez Emilia
Published: February 2023

En el marco del debate suscitado por el último libro de Tommaso Greco, la re-flexión se centrará en el doble sentido evocado en el título del presente trabajo: confiar en el derecho y en el papel que la confianza juega dentro de él. Frente a la perspectiva antropológico-jurídica dominante, fundada en la desconfianza, la sospecha y el temor, abordamos un paradigma alternativo, basado en la necesidad de fiarse del otro y en el establecimiento de lazos cooperativos, cuyo núcleo reside en un sentido profundo de la responsabilidad, el compromiso y la solidaridad. La fiabilidad y la fidelidad aparecerán, a lo largo de este breve diálogo con el autor, como elementos internos e incluso constitutivos del derecho y, por tanto, algo así como su “centro de gravedad permanente”.
El Derecho y la confianza
Authors: García Inda Andrés
Published: February 2023

¿Cuál es la relación entre Derecho y confianza? ¿y cómo puede el Derecho favorecer la confianza social “adecuada”? El libro de Tommaso Greco sobre La legge della fiducia ofrece una respuesta a tales cuestiones y propone una revisión del “maquiavelismo jurídico”, entendido como el paradigma jurídico clásico. En este trabajo, a partir de la lectura de dicha obra, se plantean algunas reflexiones sobre dicha relación y se hace una crítica del planteamiento “principialista” del autor.
La ambigüedad de la justicia transnacional. El caso interamericano de los derechos humano
Authors: Arévalo Robles Gabriel Andrés , Arévalo Robles Luz Angela , Castellanos Cortés Omaira Esperanza
Published: February 2023

La justicia interamericana de derechos humanos es un fenómeno de transnacional influencia sobre los ordenamientos jurídicos de los Estados nacionales. La creciente interacción de la Corte Interamericana con los jueces nacionales y su labor como intérprete de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos (CADH) ha promovido un excesivo optimismo que resulta necesario revisar críticamente en aras de una mejor comprensión de la justicia transnacional en derechos humanos. Para cumplir este cometido, el presente documento presentará las discusiones doctrinales sobre justicia, validez y eficacia de la CADH a través del alcance, límites e impacto del ejercicio judicial Interamericano.
Cellular FXIII in Human Macrophage Derived Foam Cells
Authors: Somodi Laura , Horváth Emőke , Bárdos Helga , Baráth Barbara , Pethő Dávid , Katona Éva , Balla József , Mutch Nicola J , Muszbek László
Published: February 2023

The potentially active A subunit of coagulation factor XIII (FXIII-A) is an intracellular transglutaminase expressed in various cell types including platelets and monocytes/macrophages. It is involved in stabilizing protein structures by cross-linking through Nε-(?-L-glutamyl)-L-lysyl iso-peptide bonds. Macrophages are major cellular constituents of the atherosclerotic plaque and are important in determining its structural/functional features. Two of their important functions are the accumulation of oxidized LDL in the lipid core, and by cross-linking structural proteins they may stabilize the plaque and protect the thrombi of atherogenic origin against fibrinolytic degradation. It is important to know whether these functions operate in parallel utilizing the same cellular compartments. First, we showed that monocyte-derived human macrophages significantly increase their FXIII-A content when up-taking oxidized LDL. This phenomenon is very likely independent of the process of transformation into foam cells, as the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells into foam cells fails to result in the expression of FXIII-A. FXIII containing macrophage-like cells are abundant in the plaque and FXIII-A is also present in the extracellular core. Several cells co-stained for FXIII-A and for Oil Red O suggest that expression of FXIII-A and lipid up-take are common features of macrophages present in the atherosclerotic plaque.
Plant-Based Antioxidant Activity in the Human Body: A Comprehensive Review of Hormetic Influences Driving Positive Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Wendt Julie , Knudsen Benjamin , Frame Leigh A.
Published: February 2023

A consistent factor in the epidemic of chronic disease is a pro-inflammatory metabolic state. The ability of clinicians to use nutrients to balance inflammation by supporting oxidant homeostasis rests on the quality of research within the field of antioxidants. Understanding the intersection of two prominent theories regarding the role of antioxidants in quelling inflammation, nutritional hormesis and oxidant scavenging, will enable the therapeutic use of antioxidants in clinical practice. This review investigates the less well-established theory, nutritional hormesis, which has not been comprehensively reviewed recently to our knowledge. To understand the state of research on the hormetic response, we conducted a comprehensive literature review describing the relationship between dietary antioxidants, hormesis, and chronic disease. We used an adaptive search strategy in PubMed and Scopus, retrieving a total of 343 articles, of which 218 were unique. Title and abstract screenings were conducted by two reviewers independently with a third as a tiebreaker, resulting in 152 articles included in this review. Most studies reviewed the hormetic response in plant and cell models (73.6%) while only 2.2% were conducted in humans. Limitations exist in translating plant/cell/animal models into the complexities of human biochemistry and physiology that warrant consideration before extrapolating such results into clinical practice. A critical hurdle in our literature review process is the lack of standardized nomenclature describing the hormetic effect in the research community that challenges the ability to comprehensively review the subject matter. Further, aA knowledge gap exists between the cell culture and animal model research that shows a biphasic, hormetic quality to the role of antioxidants and the observational human studies, which have yet to corroborate these findings. Therefore, we cannot accurately translate this research into clinical care at this time.
Factors Associated with Extended Length of Stay for Paediatric Mental Health Presentations to Emergency Departments in South Western Sydney, Australia
Authors: Khan Jahidur Rahman , John James Rufus , Middleton Paul M. , Huang Yao , Lin Ping-I , Hu Nan , Jalaludin Bin , Chay Paul , Lingam Raghu , Eapen Valsamma
Published: February 2023

Background: Evidence suggests that children and young people (CYP) who present to the emergency department (ED) for mental health (MH) difficulties may have extended lengths of stay (LOS); however, there is a paucity of research in Australia regarding the factors associated with extended LOS. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with extended LOS for paediatric MH-related presentations to the EDs in South Western Sydney (SWS), a multicultural community in Australia. Methods: We analysed electronic medical records (eMR) of 7,409 MH-related ED encounters of CYP aged 0 up to 18 years from all six public hospitals in SWS from January 2016 to April 2022. Extended LOS was defined as encounters of more than 4 hours. We assessed factors associated with extended LOS using a multilevel logistic regression model, accounting for hospital-level clustering. Results: Approximately 57.6% of all ED presentations for paediatric MH involved extended LOS. ED presentations by adolescents (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.23, 95% CI 1.20-4.17 for 12-14 years and AOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.44-5.00 for 15-17 years), and patients with a preferred language other than English (AOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.15-1.89) had increased odds of extended LOS compared to their counterparts. Deliberate self-harm related presentations, the most commonly presented MH condition, had higher odds of extended LOS than other MH-related presentations (AOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.59-1.98). Patients with MH presentations that required urgent evaluation (triage levels 1-2) had higher odds of extended LOS (AOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.15-1.65) compared to triage level 3, whereas those with triage levels 4-5 had lower odds (AOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58-0.74). Further, patients with MH-related presentations that came by ambulance (compared to other mode of presentations) and presentations that happened at night and late at night (compared to early morning and daytime presentations). The odds of extended LOS were considerably lower during the COVID-19 period compared to the pre-COVID-19 period (AOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.82). Additionally, extended paediatric LOS for MH issues in the ED showed notable hospital-level heterogeneity. Conclusion: A large proportion of extended LOS in ED and sociodemographic disparities reflect inequality in access to paediatric MH care. Our findings highlight the need for equitable distribution of resources directed towards at-risk CYP to improve MH outcomes and reduce health system burden.
THE EFFECT OF DOSAGE AND TYPE OF FERTILIZER ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ATTACKS OF BROWN PLANTHOPPER (Nilaparvata lugens STALL.) ON SOME VARIETIES OF PADDY (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Tarigan Arkhiadi Benauli
Published: February 2023

The effect of dosage anf type of fertilizer on the percentage of attacks of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stall.) on Some Varieties of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.). This study aims to determine the dose of cow manure on the percentage of brown plant hopper attack  in several varieties of paddy. This research was conducted in Desa Serdang in March-June 2021. This research used Randomized Block Design (RAK) of two factors and three replications. The first factor  is fertilizer dose consisting of 4 treatments (anorganic, 50 kg / plot, 100 kg / plot and 150 kg / plot). The other factor  is a variety consisting of 2 treatments (Inpari 10 and Inpari 32). The results showed that the dosage of 100 kg / plot cow manure was the best treatment to production per plot and resistant to the pecentage of brown plant hopper attack. Inpari 32 is the best treatment to increase production per plot and resistant to the intensity of brown plant hopper attack. The interaction of fertilizer dosage and variety (Inpari 32 + 100 kg / plot) is the best treatment to increase production per plot and resistant to the percentage of brown plant hopper attack.