bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Pan-African-aged metamorphism in the Fisher Terrane, central Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica
Authors: De Vries Van Leeuwen Alexander T. , Morrissey Laura J. , Kelsey David E. , Raimondo Tom
Published: February 2019

The Precambrian tectonic architecture of the East Antarctic Shield is subject to considerable uncertainty because of limited outcrop. The Fisher Terrane, located in the central region of the Prince Charles Mountains, evolved during the Mesoproterozoic as a volcanic arc system and provides key data about the evolution of this region. Our study provides evidence that the Fisher Terrane formed in proximity to a Proterozoic plate boundary and was subsequently metamorphosed during the late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian during the final stages of Gondwana amalgamation. U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology reveals that metasedimentary rocks from within a metasedimentary–metavolcanic package cropping out at Fisher Massif were deposited after
c.
1300 Ma, and contain detritus derived from the Rayner–Eastern Ghats Terrane. This suggests that the Fisher Terrane was not an isolated oceanic arc but rather formed on the same tectonic plate as the Rayner Complex. Metapelitic schists from within the same metasedimentary package yield metamorphic U–Pb monazite ages of
c.
512–509 Ma, corresponding to a regionally recognized Pan-African-aged event. This event has not been previously identified in the Fisher Terrane, and demonstrates that Pan-African-aged metamorphism affected all parts of the Prince Charles Mountains. Calculated phase equilibria modelling constrains the metamorphic conditions during this event to 2.5–4.0 kbar and 550–615°C, corresponding to apparent thermal gradients of 146–220°C kbar
−1
. Such conditions plausibly relate to metamorphism taking place in an extensional setting.

Supplementary material:
Methods and summarized mineral chemistry data, sample locations, U–Pb zircon and monazite data, and representative electron microprobe mineral analyses are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4392710
Synthesis, Antibacterial Evaluation, and QSAR of Caffeic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Araújo Marianna O. , Freire Pessoa Hilzeth L. , Lira Andressa B. , Castillo Yunierkis P. , de Sousa Damião P.
Published: February 2019

The present study evaluates the antibacterial effects of a set of 16 synthesized caffeic acid ester derivatives against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as discusses their structure-activity relationship (SAR). The antibacterial assays were performed using microdilution techniques in 96-well microplates to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results revealed that five of the compounds present strong to optimum antibacterial effect. Of the sixteen ester derivatives evaluated, the products with alkyl side chains, as propyl caffeate (3), butyl caffeate (6), and pentyl caffeate (7), presented the best antibacterial activity with MIC values of around 0.20 μM against Escherichia coli and only butyl caffeate (6) showing the same MIC against Staphylococcus aureus. For products with aryl substituents, the best MIC results against the tested strain of Escherichia coli were 0.23 µM for (di-(4-chlorobenzyl)) caffeate (13) and 0.29 µM for diphenylmethyl caffeate (10) and all were less active against the Staphylococcus aureus strain. Preliminary quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses confirmed that certain structural characteristics, such as a median linear carbon chain and the presence of electron withdrawal substituents at the para position of the aromatic ring, help potentiate antibacterial activity.
Delay Tolerance and Energy Saving in Wireless Sensor Networks with a Mobile Base Station
Authors: Jerew Oday , Al Bassam Nizar
Published: February 2019

Recent research shows that significant energy saving can be achieved in wireless sensor networks by using mobile devices. A mobile device roams sensing fields and collects data from sensors through a short transmission range. Multihop communication is used to improve data gathering by reducing the tour length of the mobile device. In this paper we study the trade-off between energy saving and data gathering latency in wireless sensor networks. In particular, we examine the balance between the relay hop count and the tour length of a mobile Base Station (BS). We propose two heuristic algorithms, Adjacent Tree-Bounded Hop Algorithm (AT-BHA) and Farthest Node First-Bounded Hop Algorithm (FNF-BHA), to reduce energy consumption of sensor nodes. The proposed algorithms select groups of Collection Trees (CTs) and a subset of Collection Location (CL) sensor nodes to buffer and forward data to the mobile BS when it arrives. Each CL node receives sensing data from its CT nodes within bounded hop count. Extensive experiments by simulation are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms against another heuristic. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform the existing work with the mean of the length of mobile BS tour.
Targeting Immune-Related Molecules in Cancer Therapy: A ComprehensiveIn VitroAnalysis on Patient-Derived Tumor Models
Authors: Maletzki Claudia , Scheinpflug Philine , Witt Anika , Klar Ernst , Linnebacher Michael
Published: February 2019

This study investigated the impact of immune-related pathway inhibition, among them indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), alone and together with immune cells on growth and viability of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. A panel of patient-derived CRC cell lines with different molecular characteristics (CpG island methylator phenotype, chromosomal, and microsatellite instability) was included. Initial phenotyping of CRC cell lines (n=17) revealed high abundance of immunosuppressive checkpoint-molecules in general, but an individual profile for IDO. Presence of immune-related molecules was independent of the molecular subtype. Selective treatment of CRC cell lines showing high or low IDO expression (n=2 cell lines each) was performed with single agents and combinations of Indoximod, Curcumin, and Gemcitabine with and without the addition of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in an allogeneic setting. All substances affected CRC cell growth in a cell line specific manner. The combination of Curcumin and Gemcitabine proved to be most effective in tumor cell elimination. Functional read-out analyses identified cellular senescence, after both single and combined treatment. Curcumin alone exerted strong cytotoxic effects by inducing early and late apoptosis. Necrosis was not detectable at all. Addition of lymphocytes generally boosted antitumoral effects of all IDO-inhibitors, with up to 80 % cytotoxicity for the Curcumin treatment. Here, no obvious differences became apparent between individual cell lines. Combined application of Curcumin and low-dose chemotherapy is a promising strategy to kill tumor target cells and to stimulate antitumoral immune responses.
Fuel Cell Output Current Prediction with a Hybrid Intelligent System
Authors: Casteleiro-Roca José-Luis , Barragán Antonio Javier , Segura Francisca , Calvo-Rolle José Luis , Andújar José Manuel
Published: February 2019

A fuel cell is a complex system, which produces electricity through an electrochemical reaction. For the formal application of control strategies on a fuel cell, it is very important to have a precise dynamic model of it. In this paper, a dynamic model of a real hydrogen fuel cell is obtained to predict its response. The data used in this paper to obtain the model have been acquired from a real fuel cell subjected to different load patterns by means of a programmable electronic load. Using this data, a nonlinear model based on a hybrid intelligent system is obtained. This hybrid model uses artificial neural networks to predict the output current of the fuel cell in a very precise way. The use of a hybrid scheme improves the performance of neural networks reducing to half the mean squared error obtained for a global model of the fuel cell.
Second-Order Linear Differential Equations with Solutions in Analytic Function Spaces
Authors: Long Jianren , Sun Yu , Zhang Shimei , Hu Guangming
Published: February 2019

This research is concerned with second-order linear differential equation f′′+A(z)f=0, where A(z) is an analytic function in the unit disc. On the one hand, some sufficient conditions for the solutions to be in α-Bloch (little α-Bloch) space are found by using exponential type weighted Bergman reproducing kernel formula. On the other hand, we find also some sufficient conditions for the solutions to be in analytic Morrey (little analytic Morrey) space by using the representation formula.
Encoding and Multiplexing of 2D Images with Orbital Angular Momentum Beams and the Use for Multiview Color Displays
Authors: Chu J. , Chu D. , Smithwick Q.
Published: February 2019

The orthogonal nature of different orbital angular momentum modes enables information transmission in optical communications with increased bandwidth through mode division multiplexing. So far the related works have been focused on using orbital angular momentum modes to encode/decode and multiplex point-based on-axis signals for maximum data channel numbers and capacity. Whether orbital angular momentum modes can be utilized to encode/decode off-axis signals for multiplexing in two-dimensional space is of significant importance both fundamentally and practically for its enormous potential in increasing the channel information capacity. In this work, a direct use of orbital angular momentum modes to encode/decode and multiplex two-dimensional images is realized in a scalable multiview display architecture, which can be utilized for viewing three-dimensional images from different angles. The effect of off-axis encoding/decoding and the resultant crosstalk between multiplexed different two-dimensional views are studied. Based on which, a color display of good image quality with four independent views is demonstrated. The resolution of the decoded images is analyzed and the limitation of this approach discussed. Moreover, a spatially multiplexed data communication scheme is also proposed with such a two-dimensional encoding/decoding approach to significantly enhance the data transmission capacity in free space for future data communication needs.
Acidification of Tumor at Stromal Boundaries Drives Transcriptome Alterations Associated with Aggressive Phenotypes
Authors: Rohani Nazanin , Hao Liangliang , Alexis Maria S. , Joughin Brian A. , Krismer Konstantin , Moufarrej Mira N. , Soltis Anthony R. , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Yaffe Michael B. , Burge Christopher B. , Bhatia Sangeeta N. , Gertler Frank B.
Published: February 2019

Acidosis is a fundamental feature of the tumor microenvironment, which directly regulates tumor cell invasion by affecting immune cell function, clonal cell evolution, and drug resistance. Despite the important association of tumor microenvironment acidosis with tumor cell invasion, relatively little is known regarding which areas within a tumor are acidic and how acidosis influences gene expression to promote invasion. Here, we injected a labeled pH-responsive peptide to mark acidic regions within tumors. Surprisingly, acidic regions were not restricted to hypoxic areas and overlapped with highly proliferative, invasive regions at the tumor–stroma interface, which were marked by increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases and degradation of the basement membrane. RNA-seq analysis of cells exposed to low pH conditions revealed a general rewiring of the transcriptome that involved RNA splicing and enriched for targets of RNA binding proteins with specificity for AU-rich motifs. Alternative splicing of Mena and CD44, which play important isoform-specific roles in metastasis and drug resistance, respectively, was sensitive to histone acetylation status. Strikingly, this program of alternative splicing was reversed in vitro and in vivo through neutralization experiments that mitigated acidic conditions. These findings highlight a previously underappreciated role for localized acidification of tumor microenvironment in the expression of an alternative splicing-dependent tumor invasion program.

Significance:

This study expands our understanding of acidosis within the tumor microenvironment and indicates that acidosis induces potentially therapeutically actionable changes to alternative splicing.
Immunotherapeutic Blockade of Macrophage Clever-1 Reactivates the CD8+ T-cell Response against Immunosuppressive Tumors
Authors: Viitala Miro , Virtakoivu Reetta , Tadayon Sina , Rannikko Jenna , Jalkanen Sirpa , Hollmén Maija
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

As foremost regulators of cancer-related inflammation and immunotherapeutic resistance, tumor-associated macrophages have garnered major interest as immunotherapeutic drug targets. However, depletory strategies have yielded little benefit in clinical studies to date. An alternative approach is to exploit macrophage plasticity and “reeducate” tumorigenic macrophages toward an immunostimulatory phenotype to activate the host's antitumor immunity.

Experimental Design: We investigated the role of the macrophage scavenger receptor common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1 (Clever-1) on tumor growth in multiple mouse cancer models with inflammatory and noninflammatory characteristics by using conditional knockouts, bone marrow chimeras, and cell depletion experiments. In addition, the efficacy of immunotherapeutic Clever-1 blockade as monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD-1 was tested.

Results:

Genetic deficiency of macrophage Clever-1 markedly impaired solid tumor growth. This effect was mediated by macrophages that became immunostimulatory in the absence of Clever-1, skewing the suppressive tumor microenvironment toward inflammation and activating endogenous antitumor CD8+ T cells. Comparable effects were achieved with immunotherapeutic blockade of Clever-1. Notably, these effects were similar to those achieved by PD-1 checkpoint inhibition. Moreover, combining anti-Clever-1 with anti-PD-1 provided synergistic benefit in aggressive, nonresponsive tumors.

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate the importance of macrophages in mediating antitumor immune responses and support the clinical evaluation of immunotherapeutic Clever-1 blockade as a novel cancer treatment strategy.

See related commentary by Mantovani and Bonecchi, p. 3202
La valise de l'écrivain
Authors: Amaral Henrique Provinzano
Published: February 2019

Cet article est consacré au roman L’Énigme du retour, du célèbre écrivain haïtien Dany Laferrière. L’image de la valise, très présente dans le récit, figure à la fois l’idée d’héritage et ce qui permet de rassembler des oeuvres fondamentales. Ainsi, le voyage littéraire du narrateur part des classiques universels jusqu’à la littérature caribéenne la plus contemporaine. Finalement, grâce au concept de « posture » (Jérôme Meizoz, 2007), ce travail vise à interpréter les diverses variations du thème de la lecture dans le roman.
Estética Política em Literatura de Esquerda
Authors: Miranda Gabriel Fernandes de
Published: February 2019

Resenha do livro "Literatura de Esquerda", de Damián Tabarovsky levando em conta sua contribuição para a compreensão de um papel ético da literatura de desestabilizar a linguagem, o cânone literário e a moral vigente.
O Atlântico Sul no espelho da tradução
Authors: Camargo Raquel Peixoto do Amaral , Botaro Mirella
Published: February 2019

Este artigo pretende articular o eixo “sul-sul” (Brasil-África) ao eixo “norte-sul” (Brasil-França) lançando uma reflexão sobre a tradução de dois romances francófonos no Brasil:   Pelourinho (1995, Seuil), do Guineano Tierno Monénembo, e Là où les tigres sont chez eux (2008, Zulma), do Francês Jean-Marie Blas de Roblès. Considerado como simplista, quando não redutor ou preconceituoso, o uso do cliché não costuma ser bem visto nos textos literários. Nestes dois romances, no entanto, o papel que ele desempenha parece ir além daquele previsto pelo seu “lugar comum”, que é o da imagem desgastada e repetida. O que diz o “Brasil” que se desvela nos romances a respeito de sua relação com o Outro, seja ele africano, europeu ou, particularmente, francês? Que inflexões os clichés sobre o Brasil podem adquirir uma vez transplantados no próprio Brasil? Que transformações o trabalho de tradução implica quanto ao seu tratamento literário? A tradução pode/deve agir sobre as imagens e/ou leituras “estigmatizantes” ou “culturalistas” produzidas em/por textos francófonos (França, África)? Estas questões serão centrais para a reflexão que desejamos lançar sobre o Atlântico-sul, reflexão esta situada entre o “clichê” e a sua tradução.
Cultura da mídia e valores morais nas telas do cinema
Authors: Souza Rafael Bellan Rodrigues de
Published: February 2019

O artigo relata a experiência pedagógica do CinÉtica, atividade de cineclubismo e debate de filmes da disciplina Fundamentos da Ética, do curso de Jornalismo do ICSEZ/UFAM. A experiência foi viabilizada em três anos consecutivos, e na avaliação dos próprios alunos, mas também dos monitores e do coordenador, serviu como um apoio expressivo dos conteúdos e aguçou a gana dos acadêmicos por mais leituras. Buscamos perceber nas obras cinematográficas seus posicionamentos em torno de dilemas éticos e morais, ou seja, nossa atividade se norteava pela investigação de como as narrativas audiovisuais podem ora alimentar a direção moral e intelectual predominante, ou, na perspectiva contra-hegemônica, apresentar material capaz de fazer os espectadores refletirem e questionarem os códigos de conduta hegemônicos.
Atividades em Sala de Aula
Authors: Itacarambi Ruth Ribas
Published: February 2019

“Estamos passando de uma sociedade com sistema educativo para uma sociedade do conhecimento e aprendizagem contínua. Assim o que outrora foi um lugar de densa socialização converteu-se em um espaço cada vez mais dedicado à administração de saberes, estes que agora os especialistas dos ministérios pretendem “modernizar” chamando-os de competências...” Barbero, 2014
Perfil dos usuários do Portal Píon de divulgação científica em Física a partir de dados do Google Analytics sobre tempo, espaço e conteúdo
Authors: Santos Leonardo Sioufi Fagundes dos , Rangel Flamínio de Oliveira , Mendes Marcio de Araujo
Published: February 2019

Realizamos uma pesquisa quantitativa a partir de dados da plataforma Google Analytics sobre o Portal Píon de divulgação científica da Sociedade Brasileira de Física em busca de padrões que indiquem um perfil do usuário. Estudamos as visualizações por ano, mês e dia, usuários por ano e por região do Brasil e os dez conteúdos mais visualizados no Portal no período de 01 de janeiro de 2013 a 31 de dezembro de 2017. Observamos que as visualizações aumentaram ano a ano e oscilaram aos longos dos dias e meses, apresentando quedas nos finais de semana e nos meses de janeiro, julho e dezembro; o número de usuários do Píon aumentou cinco vezes mais do que os internautas do Brasil; a distribuição geográfica dos usuários do Píon e dos domicílios com internet praticamente coincidem; os conteúdos mais acessados são os artigos de divulgação científica em Física com conteúdo de ensino básico. Os dados apontam que o perfil do usuário do Píon é do estudante ou do professor de todo o Brasil.
Reforma do ensino médio
Authors: Citelli Adilson Odair
Published: February 2019

A recente aprovação da nova Lei que regerá o Ensino Médio brasileiro trouxe consigo uma série de indagações acerca da estratégia como foi encaminhada e da própria factibilidade quanto à sua implantação. Nascida como Medida Provisória, conheceu rápido trâmite na Câmara e no Senado, deixando à margem a participação dos setores sociais voltados ao tema da educação. Os necessários processos de comunicação, compreendidos como trânsitos dialógicos – decisivos para o tratamento de matéria com o alcance de uma mudança de rota em ciclo do ensino básico –, deixaram de ser acionados, resultando em uma Lei cujos interlocutores foram os gabinetes ministeriais e as salas de lideranças governistas do Congresso Nacional.
Uma análise da evasão discente do curso de Relações Públicas da UNIPAMPA - Campus São Borja
Authors: Rhoden Valmor , Andres Fernanda Sagrilo , Rhoden Juliana Lima Moreira
Published: February 2019

A proposta deste artigo é analisar os dados relacionados ao fenômeno de evasão discente no curso de Relações Públicas da Universidade Federal do Pampa (Unipampa) – Campus São Borja e, então, fazer uma reflexão sobre essa questão. Para tanto, a metodologia empregada é a pesquisa bibliográfica, amparada pela análise documental. O curso teve a sua primeira oferta em 2010-2, e o foco de análise deste trabalho está nas evasões compreendendo os anos de 2010 a 2017. O estudo aponta que o índice de evasão é alto, chegando a quase 60% no período analisado. Em vista disso, busca-se apresentar, nesta reflexão, estratégias que possam amenizar ou reverter essa realidade e ampliar o debate interno e entre a comunidade acadêmica da área de Relações Públicas a respeito da evasão no Ensino Superior.
Cenas de microcefalia, de cuidado, de antropologia (Recife, setembro de 2017)
Authors: Fleischer Soraya
Published: February 2019

Desde 2016, eu e equipes compostas por pesquisadoras de graduação, mestrado e doutorado temos visitado o Recife/PE. A cada semestre, passamos uma quinzena (re)encontrando, acompanhando e conversando um mesmo conjunto de mulheres que tiveram filhos com a síndrome congênita do vírus Zika entre 2015 e 2016. Escrevemos diários de campo individuais durante o período da noite, após as atividades de pesquisa de campo durante o dia. Depois, circulamos versões editadas desses diários entre nós. Circular esse material dentro da equipe funciona como um importante passo metodológico e pedagógico e permite criar um corpus empírico que pode ser (re)utilizado por essa e também equipes futuras. As cenas da montagem apresentada nesse artigo vêm, especificamente, do período mais recente de pesquisa de campo, realizada em setembro de 2017, quando dessa vez, excepcionalmente, viajei sozinha. Nesse estilo narrativo, trago trechos – ou cenas, como prefiro caracterizá-las – diretamente desses diários de campo mais recentes. Há alguma edição para resguardar anonimato, para as frases fazerem sentido quando retiradas de um contexto mais amplo, para que a situação dramática central fique um pouco mais evidenciada. Aqui, o pleito é reunir e apresentar cenas vívidas e vividas por “mães de micro” no Recife/PE; valorizar o diário de campo como material empírico e reflexivo; por experimentar o efeito da montagem como prática de análise antropológica; por deslocar o epicentro e a onipresença da autoria em antropologia.
O evento Latour
Authors: Estevam Alessandra , Sansi Roger
Published: February 2019

Este artigo discute o uso do conceito de “evento” na obra de Latour, em relação a como o termo tem sido utilizado na filosofia e antropologia. Meu argumento é que, no final das contas, há uma tensão entre duas vertentes do trabalho de Latour: uma mais firmemente baseada na história e no evento, e outra mais focada na simetria, hibridez e diplomacia.
Vulnerabilidades, dilemas e dores
Authors: Parreiras Carolina
Published: February 2019

Este artigo está centrado em um eixo principal: uma reflexão em torno das vulnerabilidades do pesquisador em campo e o que isso pode nos dizer a respeito de questões metodológicas, éticas e de escrita, com as quais nos confrontamos ao realizar nossas pesquisas e ao redigir nossos textos. Busco dar sentido antropológico a situações marcadas por tensões, por dilemas e por vulnerabilidades que encontrei durante a realização do trabalho de campo de minha pesquisa de pós-doutorado. A primeira parte do texto é uma reflexão sobre uma cena etnográfica: tentativa de abuso sexual que sofri em campo. Esta experiência modificou todo os rumos da pesquisa de campo e representou um divisor de águas tanto em um nível pessoal, quanto para algumas reflexões teóricas. Na segunda parte, recorro novamente a uma cena etnográfica – a revelação de um agressor de crianças e adolescentes e a cadeia de reações que isso provocou em mim - , a qual tem o potencial de ajudar a refletir sobre outras adversidades encontradas ao se realizar uma etnografia das “margens”.
Fazer-se antropóloga na terra do agronegócio
Authors: Seraguza Lauriene
Published: February 2019

Neste ensaio procuro refletir sobre o meu processo de formação em antropologia no Mato Grosso do Sul, estado conhecido pela expansão do agronegócio, levando em consideração a necessidade de se pensar sobre o trabalho antropológico quando se vive num cenário de adversidades, como é conhecido entre os Guarani e Kaiowa. Em virtude disto, as demandas exigidas aos antropólogos ultrapassam as raias das reflexões teórico metodológicas e se encontram com o cotidiano, o Judiciário, as agências públicas do Estado e a luta dos povos indígenas pela garantia de seus direitos. Isto implica que façamos reflexões sobre o nosso atuar e questionemos alguns entendimentos das noções de violência.
Como ordenar o que não pode ser ordenado?
Authors: Boniolo Roberta Machado
Published: February 2019

Trata-se de uma etnografia realizada com o grupo Elos da Diversidade (Secretaria do Estado do Ambiente/RJ), durante o período de novembro de 2012 a março de 2014, cujo objetivo era regulamentar uma área cogerida pelo Parque Nacional da Tijuca (Rio de Janeiro), conhecida como Curva do S. Neste local foi planejado a criação do Espaço Sagrado da Curva do S a fim de diminuir os conflitos entre religiosos e funcionários do parque motivados pelas práticas rituais às deidades afro-brasileiras. Busco apresentar reflexões sobre as especificidades na criação de uma política pública para grupos religiosos de matriz afro brasileira a partir da dinâmica por meio da qual a escrita, linguagem característica das instituições estatais, e a oralidade, modo por excelência como o conhecimento é transmitido entre os religiosos de matriz afro brasileira, ora se articulavam, ora se opunham na criação das regras de uso do Espaço Sagrado da Curva do S.
Os fuzis e as flechas
Authors: Basques Messias
Published: February 2019

VALENTE, Rubens. Os fuzis e as flechas: histórias de sangue e resistência indígena na ditadura. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2016.
Rho Kinase Inhibition Blunts Lesion Development and Hemorrhage in Murine Models of Aggressive
Pdcd10/Ccm3
Disease
Authors: Shenkar Robert , Peiper Amy , Pardo Heidy , Moore Thomas , Lightle Rhonda , Girard Romuald , Hobson Nicholas , Polster Sean P. , Koskimäki Janne , Zhang Dongdong , Lyne Seán B. , Cao Ying , Chaudagar Kiranj , Saadat Laleh , Gallione Carol , Pytel Peter , Liao James K. , Marchuk Douglas , Awad Issam A.
Published: February 2019

Background and Purpose—

Previously, murine models
Krit1

+/−

Msh2

−/

−

and
Ccm2

+/

−

Trp53

−/

−

showed a reduction or no effect on cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) burden and favorable effects on lesional hemorrhage by the robust Rock (Rho-associated protein kinase) inhibitor fasudil and by simvastatin (a weak pleiotropic inhibitor of Rock). Herein, we concurrently investigated treatment of the more aggressive
Pdcd10/Ccm3
model with fasudil, simvastatin, and higher dose atorvastatin to determined effectiveness of Rock inhibition.

Methods—

The murine models,
Pdcd10

+/

−

Trp53

−/

−

and
Pdcd10

+/

−

Msh2

−/

−

, were contemporaneously treated from weaning to 5 months of age with fasudil (100 mg/kg per day in drinking water, n=9), simvastatin (40 mg/kg per day in chow, n=11), atorvastatin (80 mg/kg per day in chow, n=10), or with placebo (n=16). We assessed CCM volume in mouse brains by microcomputed tomography. Lesion burden was calculated as lesion volume normalized to total brain volume. We analyzed chronic hemorrhage in CCM lesions by quantitative intensity of Perls staining in brain sections.

Results—

The
Pdcd10

+/

−

Trp53

−/

−

/Msh2

−/

−

models showed a mean CCM lesion burden per mouse reduction from 0.0091 in placebos to 0.0042 (
P
=0.027) by fasudil, and to 0.0047 (
P
=0.025) by atorvastatin treatment, but was not changed significantly by simvastatin. Hemorrhage intensity per brain was commensurately decreased by Rock inhibition.

Conclusions—

These results support the exploration of proof of concept effect of high-dose atorvastatin on human CCM disease for potential therapeutic testing.
Processing of Prediction Errors in Mentalizing Areas
Authors: Heil Lieke , Colizoli Olympia , Hartstra Egbert , Kwisthout Johan , van Pelt Stan , van Rooij Iris , Bekkering Harold
Published: February 2019

When seeing people perform actions, we are able to quickly predict the action's outcomes. These predictions are not solely based on the observed actions themselves but utilize our prior knowledge of others. It has been suggested that observed outcomes that are not in line with these predictions result in prediction errors, which require additional processing to be integrated or updated. However, there is no consensus on whether this is indeed the case for the kind of high-level social–cognitive processes involved in action observation. In this fMRI study, we investigated whether observation of unexpected outcomes causes additional activation in line with the processing of prediction errors and, if so, whether this activation overlaps with activation in brain areas typically associated with social–cognitive processes. In the first part of the experiment, participants watched animated movies of two people playing a bowling game, one experienced and one novice player. In cases where the player's score was higher or lower than expected based on their skill level, there was increased BOLD activity in areas that were also activated during a theory of mind task that participants performed in the second part of the experiment. These findings are discussed in the light of different theoretical accounts of human social–cognitive processing.
The Shape of Things to Come in Speech Production: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Visual Form Interference during Lexical Access
Authors: Gauvin Hanna S. , McMahon Katie L. , Meinzer Marcus , de Zubicaray Greig I.
Published: February 2019

Studies of context effects in speech production have shown that semantic feature overlap produces interference in naming of categorically related objects. In neuroimaging studies, this semantic interference effect is consistently associated with involvement of left superior and middle temporal gyri. However, at least part of this effect has recently been shown to be attributable to visual form similarity, as categorically related objects typically share visual features. This fMRI study examined interference produced by visual form overlap in the absence of a category relation in a picture–word interference paradigm. Both visually similar and visually dissimilar distractors led to increased BOLD responses in the left inferior frontal gyrus compared with the congruent condition. Naming pictures in context with a distractor word denoting an object visually similar in form slowed RTs compared with unrelated words and was associated with reduced activity in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus. This area is reliably observed in lexical level processing during language production tasks. No significant differential activity was observed in areas typically engaged by early perceptual or conceptual feature level processing or in areas proposed to be engaged by postlexical language processes, suggesting that visual form interference does not arise from uncertainty or confusion during perceptual or conceptual identification or after lexical processing. We conclude that visual form interference has a lexical locus, consistent with the predictions of competitive lexical selection models.
Sadiria yingjiangensis (Myrsinoideae, Primulaceae), a new species reported from West Yunnan, China
Authors: WANG ZE-HUAN , WANG LI-YAN , LI RONG-JIA , PENG HUA
Published: February 2019

Sadiria yingjiangensis from West Yunnan, China, is described as a species new to science and illustrated here. It morphologically resembles S. longistyla, but differs in the number of leaves clustered on the plant apex, the shape of inflorescences and the ratio of the length of sepals to petals.
Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): A new genus, Xetadrilus gen. nov., with three new species, and four new species of Guaranidrilus Černosvitov (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta)
Authors: SCHMELZ RÜDIGER M. , COLLADO RUT , RÖMBKE JÖRG
Published: February 2019

Seven new species of terrestrial Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) are described from soils of the southern Brazilian Atlantic rain forest. They were found in the framework of the German-Brazilian project SOLOBIOMA, which studied rain forest recovery. Specimens were investigated in vivo and as stained whole mounts. Three species belong to a new genus, named Xetadrilus. Xetadrilus is similar to Guaranidrilus Č ernosvitov, 1937 and Tupidrilus Righi, 1974; it differs in the absence of lateral chaetae from segment VIII on and in peculiar structures of the prostomium: ganglia, inner papillae, and a frontal epithelial recess. Further peculiarities are small body size, absence of oesophageal appendages, and a variable pattern of pharyngeal glands. The three species are named X. maacki, X. aphanus, and X. fabryi. Three further nominal species are transferred to Xetadrilus: Marionina pituca Righi, 1974, Marionina righiana Xie & Rota, 2001, and Stercutus ugandensis Bell, 1954. The other four new species belong to Guaranidrilus, the species-richest genus at the sampling sites. They are named G. andreolii, G. marquesi, G. cingulatus, and G. hoeferi. All species have elongate transverse epidermal gland cells, three pairs of post-pharyngeal ganglia, and a dorsal vesicle in the nephridial postseptale. These traits may be included in the genus diagnosis. In all species described here, most of the species-specific taxonomic traits are found in non-reproductive structures, which means that specimens of all age groups can be identified to the species level, juveniles included.
First genetic data for species of the genus Haploniscus Richardson, 1908 (Isopoda: Asellota: Haploniscidae) from neighbouring deep-sea basins in the South Atlantic
Authors: BRIX SASKIA , RIEHL TORBEN , LEESE FLORIAN
Published: February 2019

The phylogenetic analysis in this study, based on a fragment of the CO1 mtDNA gene, provides first evidence in favour of Brökeland’s (2010) conclusion of recent or ongoing gene flow in Haploniscus rostratus (Menzies, 1962) across the Walvis ridge. It adds the first evidence for the presence of either restricted gene flow or potential cryptic species in the Guinea Basin. The data suggest furthermore that distinct species within the H. unicornis complex occur sympatrically in the East Atlantic deep-sea basin north of the Walvis Ridge. However, without more specimens (males in particular) and more markers, other processes that may have generated this pattern cannot be excluded.
Redescription of Callostethus Ruckes, 1961 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae) with the description of C. flavolineatus sp. nov.
Authors: FERNANDES JOSÉ ANTÔNIO MARIN , GRAZIA JOCÉLIA , CAMPOS LOURIVAL DIAS
Published: February 2019

The genus Callostethus was described for Mecistorhinus guttatopunctatus (Fabricius, 1803). Here we describe a second species of the genus, C. flavolineatus sp. nov., based on a male collected in Amapá, Brazil. Descriptions were made using external morphological characters. Callostethus is closely allied to Antiteuchus and can be separated from it by the mesosternum slightly tumid with a low median subcalloused carina, calloused yellow or reddish margin of the metapleuron, and the structure of the pygophore.
A new species of Heliogomphus from Vietnam (Odonata: Gomphidae)
Authors: KOMPIER TOM , KARUBE HARUKI
Published: February 2019

Heliogomphus bidentatus sp. nov. (holotype male: Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc Prov., northern Vietnam) is described from north and central Vietnam. This new species is similar to H. scorpio (Ris, 1912), but can be separated by the coloration of the thorax and details of the male caudal appendages. Information on its biology and ecology is provided.
Design of High Corrosion Resistant Ni Alloy Using Electronic State Calculation
Authors: Baek Min-Sook , Heo Ki-Bok , Yoon Dong-Joo , Kim Byung-Il
Published: February 2019

Ni alloys are used as the prominent industrial material for heat-resistance and corrosion-resistance. Out of them, Inconel has excellent properties for high-temperature heat-resistant equipment as an excellent material for equipment such as ultrahigh-temperature electric furnace and
or boiler. However, Ni alloys used in various areas contain high-priced metals such as Ta, Nb, or Re and their use have been limited to industrial sector so far due to the price incompetence. In this study, the alloy Ni–28Cr–4Mo–2Ti was designed by electronic state calculation
by replacing the expensive material of Ta and Nb in Inconel 625 with Ti. In order to compare the corrosion properties, they were intentionally corroded in a furnace at 500 °C for 3 months and potentiodynamic polarization method was used to check the corrosion rate. The validity of the
results was also confirmed by using the values of atomic radius and electronegativity. As a result, it was confirmed that the newly designed alloy had superior corrosion resistance at higher temperature than Inconel 625.
Effects of Ti Doping on Hematite Photoanodes: More Surface States
Authors: Niu Yakun , Zhou Yi , Niu Ping , Shen Haiyan , Ma Ying
Published: February 2019

Ti doped hematite photoanodes have been intensively investigated due to their excellent activity for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. However, little attention has been paid to the doping effect on the photocurrent onset potential of hematite and the underlying mechanism. In this
paper, Ti doped hematite nanorod arrays were successfully prepared through a facile treatment of hematite with TiCl3 solution. The photocurrent of the Ti doped hematite photoanode increases by three times, and its onset potential shifts more positively as compared with that of the
undoped one. Electrochemical analyses were employed to unravel the mechanism of anodic shift of the onset potential. Cyclic voltammograms and electrochemical impedance spectra confirmed that more surface states were formed in Ti doped hematite than the undoped one. As a result, lower activity
towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and increased electron–hole recombination after light on/off in low potential region were observed in Ti doped hematite. It is concluded that these doping induced surface states may be a hindrance to charge transfer and the onset potential of Ti
doped hematite shifts anodically.
Comparative Studies on the Aqueous Synthesis and Biocompatibility of L-Cysteine and Mercaptopropionic Acid Capped CdSe/CdS/ZnS Core/Shell/Shell Quantum Dots
Authors: Sukanya D , Nathan D. Muthu Gnana Theresa , Mahesh R , Sagayaraj P
Published: February 2019

Quantum dots have now become the most important candidates and widely exploited as promising architectures for use as diagnostic and imaging agents in biomedicine and as semiconductors in the electronics industry. This article emphasizes on the aqueous synthesis of water soluble CdSe/CdS/ZnS
core/shell/shell quantum dots with L-cysteine and mercaptopropionic acid as capping agent and their observed properties have been compared. The biocompatibility of the assynthesized quantum dots have also been analyzed through the cytotoxicity study using MTT assay. The structural, morphological
and optical properties of these quantum dots have been examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The capping of L-cysteine and mercaptopropionic acid
on the quantum dots has been confirmed from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD results demonstrated the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure for L-cysteine and cubic zinc blende structure for mercaptopropionic acid capped CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots. From the optical measurements,
it is observed that there is a considerable increase in the photoluminescence intensity of L-cysteine capped quantum dots than MPA. The HRTEM images revealed the narrow size distribution and in addition, L-cysteine capped quantum dots were found to be more biocompatible than mercaptopropionic
acid capped quantum dots which would provide new opportunities for applications in bioimaging and biolabelling.
Solution Processed Bi-Based Sensitized Solar Cell: Effects of Post Heat Treatment
Authors: Chai Yik Chong , Jun Hieng Kiat
Published: February 2019

Nanosize semiconductors have been used as active sensitizers for the application of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSC). “Green” sensitizers are introduced as an alternative for the toxic Cd and Pb based compounds. In this work, Bi2S3 quantum
dots (QDs) were fabricated and used as sensitizers in QDSSC. QDs were grown on TiO2 electrode via solution dipping process. Although the performance of “green” QDSSC is not as high as that of CdS or CdSe based QDSSCs, its performance can be enhanced with post heat treatment.
The effect is dependent on the heat treatment temperature profile where gradual increase of sintering temperature is preferred. The effects of post heat treatment on Bi2S3 sensitized TiO2 electrodes are investigated and discussed.
Single-Crystalline Nanosheets of Hybrid Perovskite Fabricated by a Vapor-Solution Sequential Deposition Route
Authors: Zhao Boya , Liu Jie , Li Zhi-Hua , Chen Yao-Xuan , Ding Jie , Ge Qian-Qing , Feng Yaqing , Hu Jin-Song
Published: February 2019

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite single crystals have attracted much attention due to their superior optoelectronic properties. Herein, we report a facile vapor-solution sequential route to prepare single-crystalline nanosheets of hybrid lead triiodide perovskite. It is found
that this two-step deposition is able to fabricate sizeable high-quality single-crystalline nanosheets with no need of delicate control of crystallization conditions such as concentration or temperature for normal single crystal growth. The resulting perovskite nanosheets show good reproducibility
and single crystallinity with bright and uniform photoluminescence. Our study provides a promising strategy for scalable fabrication of perovskite single crystals with great potential in optoelectronic applications.
Facile Synthesis and In Vitro Biological Screening of Pd@SiO2 Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Rajasekar K , Dinesh A , Durka M , Muthukumaravel K
Published: February 2019

In this study, semiconductor core–shell Pd@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by Stober’s method. The prepared final products were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, HR-TEM and EDX techniques. Cell viability of Pd@SiO2 NPs against HeLa cell line
was screened by MTT assay. The present study indicates that the core–shell Pd@SiO2 NPs are extremely stable along with very high photodynamic efficiency under LED light illumination. The antibacterial activities of core– shell Pd@SiO2 NPs were determined with
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by agar diffusion method. DNA binding affinity of the core–shell Pd@SiO2 NPs towards CT-DNA was also investigated. The observed results showed that SiO2 supported on the surface of Pd NPs not only prevented
aggregation, but also proved the enhanced antimicrobial and DNA binding propensities than the free Pd NPs.
Synthesis of MoS2/TiO2 Nanophotocatalyst and Its Enhanced Visible Light Driven Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Teng Wei , Wang Youmei , Lin Qin , Zhu Hui , Tang Yubin , Li Xinyong
Published: February 2019

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), as a typical layered transition metal sulfide, has been widely used in photocatalysis. Here, we report layered MoS2 nanosheet-coated TiO2 heterostructures that were prepared using a simple photo-assisted deposition method.
The as-prepared samples were investigated in detail by using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results demonstrated that the MoS2 nanosheets uniformly covered the outer surface
of TiO2. The visible light-sensitive photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the removal of methylene blue (MB) and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in aqueous solution. Thus, the MoS2/TiO2 heterostructures exhibited improved photocatalytic degradation activity under
visible light compared with the pure TiO2. Under visible light irradiation for 90 min, the degradation efficiencies of MB and 2-CP over the MoS2/TiO2 sample (sunlight irradiation time: 30 min) are as high as 93.6% and 70.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding
mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity is proposed on the basis of the comprehensively investigated results from the radical trapping experiments, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance analysis. The hole oxidation, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anion radicals
act as the active species simultaneously in the photodegradation of the dye molecules. However, of these species, hole oxidation played the most important roles in the photocatalytic reaction.
When Carbon Meets CO2: Functional Carbon Nanostructures for CO2 Utilization
Authors: Liu Lei , Ke Chang-Ce , Ma Tian-Yi , Zhu Yun-Pei
Published: February 2019

Major fossil fuel consumption associated with CO2 emission and socioeconomic instability has received much concern within the global community regarding the long-term sustainability and security of these commodities. The capture, sequestration, and conversion of CO2
emissions from flue gas are now becoming familiar worldwide. Nanostructured carbonaceous materials with designed functionality have been extensively used in some key CO2 exploitation processes and techniques, because of their excellent electrical conductivity, chemical/mechanical
stability, adjustable chemical compositions, and abundant active sites. This review focuses on a variety of carbonaceous materials, like graphene, carbon nanotubes, amorphous porous carbons and carbon hybrid composites, which have been demonstrated promising in CO2 capture/separation
and conversion (electrocatalysis and photocatalysis) to produce value-added chemicals and fuels. Along with the discussion and concerning synthesis strategies, characterization and conversion and capture/separation techniques employed, we further elaborate the structure-performance relationships
in terms of elucidating active sites, reaction mechanisms and kinetics improvement. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of these carbon-based materials for CO2 applications using well-structured carbons are remarked in detail.
CO2 Conversion by Membrane Reactors
Authors: Brunetti Adele , Fontananova Enrica
Published: February 2019

Membrane reactors technology represents a promising tool for the CO2 capture and reuse by conversion to valuable products. After a preliminary presentation of the fundamentals of this technology, a critical overview of the last achievements and new perspectives in the CO2
conversion by membrane reactors is given, highlighting the still existing limitations for large scale applications. Among the low temperature (≤100 °C) membrane reactor for CO2 conversion, electrochemical membrane reactors and photocatalytic reactors, represent the two mainly
pursued systems and they were discussed starting from selected case studies. Dry reforming of methane and CO2 hydrogenation to methanol were selected as interesting examples of high temperature (>100 °C) membrane based conversion of CO2 to energy bearing products.