bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficacy of proseal LMA versus endotracheal intubation for laparoscopic surgeries
Authors: M Keniya Varshali , Bhagwat Lawate Sheela , S Swami Sarita
Published: June 2020

Open surgeries which were done predominantly in previous days are progressing to minimally invasive keyhole laparoscopic surgeries. In same way, airway management has been also progressed from ETT to lesser invasive Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA).

This was a prospective observational study which was conducted in patients who came for lower abdominal laparoscopic surgeries during study period of 3 year. All patients were divided into 2 groups with 30 patients in each group (group A- PLMA, group B - ETT). Age, weight, type of surgery, time required for insertion of device, hemodynamic monitoring, ventilatory parameters, postoperative complications in the form of laryngopharyngeal morbidity were recorded.

: In total 60 patients, between the age group of 18-65 year were included which were divided into 2 groups with 30 patients in each group. PLMA required 15.13 seconds as compared to ETT which required 13.33 seconds for insertion of device. The sealing pressure for PLMA was measured by leak test and the average was 32.2 cmH2O. The mean heart rate, systolic BP, Diastolic BP and MAP at various interval was significantly higher in group B as compared to group A (P-value<0.001 for all). The mean ± SD of ETCO2 among the cases studied in Group A and Group B was 36.53 ± 1.87% and 35.13 ± 2.51% respectively. Mean of Peak airway pressure (PAP) among the cases studied in PLMA (Group A) and ETT (Group B) was 22.53 mmHg and 18.97 mmHg respectively No complication or adverse event was noted during post-operative period in PLMA group but in Group ETT, 2 cases were found having blood staining of tube with sore throat in same 2 cases.

PLMA is also proved to be an equally effective airway device in laparoscopic surgeries in the form of adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Also PLMA is associated with minimal intraoperative and postoperative complications. PLMA provided equally effective pulmonary ventilation despite of high airway pressures without significant gastric distension, aspiration and regurgitation.
Spinal anaesthesia for ambulatory urology surgery: A comparison of chloroprocaine with fentanyl and bupivacaine with fentanyl
Authors: Mansuri Taslim , Mathur Vijay , Kumar Goyal Vipin , Jethava Durga
Published: June 2020

Spinal anesthesia is an attractive choice for ambulatory surgery of the lower abdomen and lower limbs but it requires a local anesthetic agent of short duration with minimal side effects. We compare the effect of intrathecal chloroprocaine with fentanyl to bupivacaine with fentanyl in ambulatory urology surgery.

Hundred patients aged 18 – 60 years undergoing ambulatory urology surgery randomly divided into two groups of 50 each. Group A received 40 mg of 1% chloroprocaine with 20mcg fentanyl and group B received 7.5 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine and 20mcg fentanyl. Sensory and motor block characteristics, time to ambulation, void and time for ready to discharge from hospital were recorded.

There was no difference in terms of demographic data and duration of surgery. Peak sensory block level was T5 in group A and T4 in group B. The mean time to reach the peak block level was similar in both groups (P=0.228). Time to two-segment regression and regression to the S2 segment were shorter in group A (P<0.001). Regression of motor block was faster in group A, compared to group B (P<0.001). The length of stay in PACU was similar in both the groups (P=0.729). Time to ambulation, time for first void and time for ready to discharge from hospital were significantly shorter in group A compared to group B (P < 0.001).

Chloroprocaine and fentanyl is a better choice for ambulatory urology surgery in comparison to low dose bupivacaine and fentanyl.
Comparison of intravenous granisetron and intravenous lignocaine to alleviate pain on propofol injection: A double blind, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Suresh Priyanka , K Patil Shivakumar
Published: June 2020

The objective of the study was to compare effectiveness of intravenous (IV) granisetron (2 milligram) with IV lignocaine (30 milligram) in allaying pain on propofol IV administration measured at 15 seconds after propofol administration.

100 patients of age 18-50 years belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grades I and II, chosen for elective surgery were randomized to two different groups (group L and group G) of 50 each. Patients of group L received IV lignocaine 30 mg and the other group G received IV granisetron 2 mg as pretreatment, before administration of propofol. Patients were assessed for pain after 15 seconds of IV administration of propofol with McCririck and Hunter scale.

Both the pretreatments were found to prevent or decrease the pain on propofol administration. Pain assessed at the end of 15 seconds of propofol administration, showed that 76% in lignocaine group & 62%in granisetron group were not having any pain, 12% in lignocaine group and 20% in granisetron group had mild pain, and 12% in lignocaine group and 18% in granisetron group had moderate pain as assessed with McCririck and Hunter scale. There was no significant difference in the pain scores between the groups (χ2 = 2.310, P= 0.315).

Both IV granisetron (2 mg) and IV lignocaine (30 mg) are equally effective in allaying pain on propofol injection.
Research and Application of Code Similarity Based on Submission
Authors: Lang Yu
Published: June 2020

With the continuous accumulation of resources, the similarity detection of code is becoming more difficult, and the difficulty of code reusing and rechecking is also increasing. In view of this problem, this paper proposes a code recommendation and check-research based on submission, which uses differential code cloning and word vector methods to find candidate code sets that are similar to incremental text, and uses feature extraction and clustering to select the most relevant codes from the candidate code sets to obtain repetitive codes. At the same time, it is recommended to programmers combined with relevance scores. Experimental results show that this method is feasible to some extent.
Performance Evaluation of Active and Non-active Electrodes for Doxorubicin Electro-oxidation
Authors: de Souza Gil Eric , Moreno Emily , Ferreira Garcia Luane , Joaquin Linares León José
Published: June 2020

Electrochemical remediation is an innovative technique that utilizes electro-oxidation reactions to degrade micropollutants such as doxorubicin (DOX) that is a drug widely used to treat many types of cancer,  and it is present in hospital effluents. The aim   of this work is to evaluate the efficiency of active and non-active electrodes in DOX degradation during electrochemical treatments. AuO-TiO2@graphite, a nanostructured electrode, and BDD, a commercial electrode, were used as active and non-active electrodes respectively. DOX treatments were realized at concentration of 1.25 mmol L-1 in medium with 10 mmol L-1 NaCl as support electrolyte. Studies were realized in 5 V of voltage source. Results: The treatment of DOX with BDD promoted 100% of DOX degradation in 20 min, while the same result was obtained for the AuO-TiO2@graphite in 40 min of treatment. Also, the modified electrode presented an energy expenditure of 1.12 kWh m-3 and the BDD achieved 0.462 kWh m-3. Thus, the active and non-active electrodes were efficient to promote DOX degradation, and the BDD, the non-active electrode demonstrated a better performance.
Keywords: Eletro-Oxidadion, Modified Graphite Anodes, BDD, Doxorubicin, Micropollutants
Analytical Model for the Performance Curves of a Family of Propellers Based on Wind Tunnel Tests
Authors: Cabeleira Dos Santos Miguel , Vieira Gamboa Pedro
Published: June 2020

Propeller aircraft performance is greatly influenced by the performance of the propeller it uses. Thus, proper selection of a propeller for a given aircraft design at the early stages of the design process is fundamental. During the design of a new aircraft, simple yet accurate performance models are required to properly optimize the design. Significant experimental performance data of low speed, small propellers is available. The main objective of this work is to create and validate an analytical model for     the performance curves of a family of propellers tested at low Reynolds numbers, which can be used in selecting a propeller for a given existing aircraft design or during its design optimization process. This kind of propellers is more commonly used in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The model is designed in MATLAB® using a variety of regression techniques, such as the Least Squares Method (LSQ), applied to experimental data acquired at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), for seventeen APC Thin Electric propellers, and at the Department of Aerospace Sciences (DCA) of University of Beira Interior (UBI), for ten more APC Thin Electric propellers. The analytical model predicts propeller power coefficient and propulsive efficiency accurately for the family of propellers tested and can also be used for the propellers with dimensions close to those used for its development. The propeller performance data obtained during the experimental tests are made available the community to further increase the documentation on propellers tested at low Reynolds numbers.
Keywords: Propeller, Low Reynolds propeller performance, Propeller tests, Wind tunnel
Experimental Study on Soils Stabilized with Two Types of Plastic Waste
Authors: Gardete Dinis , Luzia Rosa
Published: June 2020

The reuse and recycling rates for plastics are still below desirable values. The valorisation of plastic wastes that presently end in landfills or is incinerated can help to mitigate this environmental problem. There have been studies in soil improvement using plastic waste. Two  types of plastic waste were used to assess their ability to improve soil properties for embankment construction and pavement layers. The selected plastic wastes are made from shredded package labels and ground bottles. The main properties of the soils were characterized. Three percentages of plastic waste were used, and the bearing capacity of the soil determined using CBR test (California Bearing Ratio). The results from the tests show that plastic waste stabilization leads to an increase in bearing capacity, expressed in CBR values, for low contents of plastic waste. This increase was more effective for high penetration values. Reduction in the bearing capacity was observed for higher plastic waste contents. Maximum dry unit weight decreased with increasing plastic waste content, whereas expansion increased with increasing plastic waste content.
Keywords: Soil stabilization, Plastic waste, CBR test, Compaction, Earthworks
Postharvest Quality Parameters Evolution in ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Gala’ and ‘Starking’ Apple
Authors: de Vasconcelos Teixeira Aguiar da Costa Daniela , Alexandra andrade Pina Vanessa
Published: June 2020

Portugal has the ideal conditions for the production of apples. The climate of the region is highly favorable for the biochemical processes of maturation. The high levels of sunshine ensure maximum photosynthetic activity and a better color of the fruits, while the warm temperature is ideal for ripening processes, facilitating the development of strong organoleptic elements. In this work, the Golden Delicious, Gala and Starking varieties, cultivated by different producers in the region of Viseu, were harvested during commercial maturation and analyzed in the postharvest phase. In the second phase of this work, the varieties were kept in normal atmosphere (NA) and analyzed weekly. The evolution parameters related to quality are based on the determination of firmness; the determination of Brix; and the determination of the presence of starch. The study suggests that the Gala variety, is the only variety where firmness is not significantly influenced throughout the storage. With regards to sugar content, the Golden Delicious strain is the only variety that is not influenced by storage. Finally, during storage, Starking develops the highest starch values.
Keywords: Apples, postharvest, varieties, storage, normal atmosphere
SHS (Simple Housing Solution) Methodology: Community (Re) Building in Critical Situations
Authors: Torres Di Gregorio Leandro , Naked Haddad Assed , Freitas Lima Daniel Aloysio Shigue- matsu , Costa Urquiza Tenório Marina , De Mello Guimarães Gustavo Vaz
Published: June 2020

The SHS - Simple Housing Solution - methodology helps to facilitate the process of (re) construction in critical situations (post-disaster, post-conflict, refugee settlement, relocation of populations from risk areas, among others). It was conceived with the philosophy of gathering basic knowledge that can be useful in the (re) construction of housing units and basic collective equipment (such as schools, health clinics), in a joint effort (community working system), using low cost constructive technologies. The idea is to help communities that are victims of disasters and conflicts to better organize their own recovery, and provide help via the guidance and supervision of qualified technical assistants (engineers and / or architects) who can be hired by the local community, government or NGOs, for these purposes. This paper aims to present the Simple Housing Solution methodology and the main results of SHS Project, focusing on investigations related to the construction technology of partially reinforced masonry with soil-cement bricks. Currently, new research is being conducted to improve the existing model of residency for critical situations, seeking to broaden its working range. After the current phase is concluded, the next step will be the construction of a prototype house in natural scale, on a seismic platform, to study the effects of simulated seismic actions on the house. In order to achieve this task, financial support is sought from sponsors, as well as technical cooperation with LNEC - National Laboratory of Civil Engineering, in Portugal.
Keywords: Disaster recovery, housing recovery, conflict recovery, refugee settlements, risk management
Manufacturing and characterization of epoxy resin with Fe3O4 and SiO2 particles
Authors: Molina José , Szczucka-Lasota Bożena , Węgrzyn Tomasz , P. Silva Abílio , Maceiras Alberto
Published: June 2020

Thermosetting polymers are very popular in the automotive and aeronautic industry, in particular epoxy resin is widely used as matrix thermoset in carbon and glass  fibre reinforced composites. The properties of these epoxy-based polymers can be improved with the addition of particulate or small fibre materials in order to construct a lightweight material with enhanced mechanical and structural response. This work aimed to manufacture and characterize epoxy resin reinforced composites with iron (II,
III) oxide (magnetite, Fe3O4) in amounts of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 wt%, and 2 and 4 wt% of fumed silicon dioxide (silica, SiO2). Mechanical properties were investigated by three-point bending flexural test, fracture toughness, flexural stress relaxation. In addition, apparent porosity, apparent density and Differential Scanning Calorimetry tests were performed. The results showed that the addition of Fe3O4 does not contribute significantly to the improvement of mechanical properties. However, fumed SiO2 promotes a considerable improvement in the mechanical properties.
 
Keywords: Composite, epoxy resin, Fe3O4, SiO2, mechanical properties
Noise As a Factor of Green Areas Soundscape Creation
Authors: Sztubecka Małgorzata , Skiba Marta , Mrówczyńska Maria , Mathias Michael
Published: June 2020

The research subject presented in the paper is acoustic perception, the perception  of a sound landscape by a  human.  The  paper  aim  was  formulated  -  knowing  the sources of noise based on the subjective assessment of recipients allows for sustainable management of green areas (city parks). The need to shape a harmonious landscape may contribute to finding a new function and attractive form for the studied areas. Research carried out for selected city parks in Bydgoszcz (Poland) concerns the registration of responses of people assessing the sound landscape (subjective approach). Completed studies allow ”translating” subjective assessments into meaningful values using fuzzy cognitive maps. The scenarios completed show the possibility of using tools supporting the decision-making process in urban planning of city parks in relation to existing acoustic conditions.
Keywords: Noise, Soundscape, Green areas, Urban planning, Environment
Design of a Continuous Improvement Model in a Portuguese Food Industry Company – A Case Study
Authors: Sofia Dias Ana S , Victorovna Guitiss Navas Helena , João Feliciano Pina da Costa Abreu António
Published: June 2020

The search for perfection forces organizations to adopt new techniques and approaches, focused on the systematic creation of innovative solutions that facilitate the processes of continuous improvement. In view of this context, there was an opportunity to study the implementation of the Lean philosophy in the production line, at a processed food organization. A continuous improvement model was designed for an organizational system, combining tools used in both TRIZ methodology and Lean philosophy. Several Lean tools are used in the model in order to support problem formulation, e.g. Brainstorming, 5 Whys, Pareto Diagram, Ishikawa Diagram, Plan-Do- Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle. And the Kano Model integrated in the proposed model allows assessing employee satisfaction at a later stage than the implementation of previously found solutions. In case the problems identified are not very complex, were resorted to the use of both TRIZ and Lean techniques, such as cause/effect databases, the 40 problem solving TRIZ principles, visual management, 5S’s or line balancing. But if the problems identified are more complex, which means with an inventive issue to be solved, Matrix of Contradictions and S-Field Analysis TRIZ tools proved to be more appropriate to find the proper solution. With the case study carried out, it was noted that the proposed model proved to be very useful as a roadmap for the implementation of Lean and TRIZ tools in the continuous improvement of industrial products, services and processes should be the ways to continually minimize them in a company.
Keywords: Continuous improvement, Lean, TRIZ, Management tools, Model proposed
Active and Intelligent Packaging with Phase Change Materials to Promote the Shelf Life Extension of Food Products
Authors: Madhan Sasi , Espírito Santo Christophe , . Luís P. Andrade , . Pedro D. Silva , . Pedro D. Gaspar
Published: June 2020

Active packaging aims to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables using active agents such as Oxygen, Carbon-di-oxide, ethylene scavengers and moisture absorber. Intelligent packaging provides information about the fruits quality inside the package to the customer and this packaging technology detects the internal changes of fruits and vegetables using sensors and indicators. Further to improve the post-harvest storage PCM such as Rubitherm can be used depending on the package box dimension to remove the field heat from the products and maintain its temperature with low variation during transport and display. Gel packs having less weight with PET and PS can also be an alternate method in the packaging. The application of these technologies may lead to a revolution in post-harvest storage, transportation, and further retail sale. This paper reviews the theoretical principles of food packaging and recent developments in packaging technologies using PCMs.
Keywords: Active packaging, Intelligent packaging, Phase change materials, Shelf life extension, Fruits
A Fuzzy Logic Model to Enhance Quality Management on R&D Units
Authors: Abreu António , Santos Ricardo , M.F. Calado João , Requeijo José
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), are becoming even more competitive, with the public ones, facing at the same time a greater restriction on public funding. Therefore, HEIs, have to be more effective and more efficient as well, on pursuing their own goals, which includes Research and Development (R&D) units as well. Such demands can be achieved, by enhancing R&D’s global performance. Therefore, the use of a framework such as European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM), can bring value to an organization with the characteristics of a R&D unit. This work presents a new integrated method based on EFQM model, by using Fuzzy Logic, to enhance the organizations’ overall performance. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated by a case study in a R&D unit, where an initial performance evaluation takes place, by using RADAR’s Logic approach. The proposed method, based on Fuzzy Logic, is then applied, followed by the identification of the strength points as well as the improvement areas, according to the EFQM framework. Then, the improvement actions with high priority are determined, followed by the correspondent action measures.
Keywords: Quality management, Fuzzy logic, EFQM
Future Land-use and Land-cover Scenarios for Mapping Flood-prone Areas in Pato Branco City, Brazil
Authors: Dalanhol Isabel , Tabalipa Ney Lyzandro , Meireles Silva Flora Cristina
Published: June 2020

Urban flooding is the most common type of disaster and the one that hit people most. Unplanned urbanization processes increase the recurrence of these events due to soil impermeabilization. Thus, land-use and land-cover is an important factor for urban flood research. Besides, mapping flood-prone areas has been an alternative for disaster prevention and urban planning. However, the use of future land-use and land-cover scenarios for flood mapping is a factor that still requires investigation. The study that is being developed by the authors of this paper aims to identify flood-prone areas in the upper third of the Ligeiro River basin in the city of Pato Branco, Parana, Brazil. For this purpose, this research makes use of the GIS-AHP integration, considering a current scenario and future land-use and land-cover scenarios. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to construct possible land-use and land-cover scenarios, according to municipal legislation, that could serve as a basis for mapping flood-prone areas. Two scenarios were built using Geographic Information Systems software. This tool proved to be efficient in the elaboration of maps and land representation. Pato Branco already has a history of flooding with the current scenario of land-use and land-cover. With future land-use and land-cover scenarios, it is possible to verify the influence of urban sprawl on urban flooding.
Keywords: Land-use and land-cover (LULC), Floods, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Turbulence Quantification in Supercritical Nitrogen Injection: An Analysis of Turbulence Models
Authors: Magalhães Leandro , Carvalho Francisco , Silva André , Barata Jorge
Published: June 2020

In Liquid Rocket Engines, higher combustion efficiencies come at the cost of the propellants exceeding their critical point conditions and entering the supercritical domain. The term fluid is used because, under these conditions, there is no longer a clear distinction between a liquid and a gas phase. The non-conventional behavior  of thermophysical properties makes the modeling of supercritical fluid flows a most challenging task. In the present work, a RANS computational method following an incompressible but variable density approach is devised on which the performance of several turbulence models is compared in conjunction with a high accuracy multi-parameter equation of state. Also, a suitable methodology to describe transport properties accounting for dense fluid corrections is applied. The results are validated against experimental data, becoming clear that there is no trend between turbulence model complexity and the quality of the produced results. For several instances, one- and two- equation turbulence models produce similar and better results than those  of Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Finally, considerations about the applicability of the tested turbulence models in supercritical simulations are given based on the results and the structural nature of each model.
Keywords: Supercritial fluids, RANS turbulence modeling, Liquid rocket engines
Determination of the Drag Coefficient of an Autonomous Solar Lighting Column Using Wind Tunnel Simulation and Computational Analysis
Authors: Da Silva Dias Vitor Hugo , Almendra Roque João Carlos , De Sousa Rosa Sérgio Manuel , Aparecido Gomes Francisco Augusto , Rodrigues Andrade Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2020

The Sun is the largest source of energy available and many studies for the development of technologies capable of harnessing this energy are constantly being conducted. Among the technologies developed are photovoltaic solar panels that have many applications and among them are the autonomous solar lighting columns that have been growing in popularity especially in urban and industrial environments. These columns are installed in open regions and have their structure exposed to the mechanical actions imposed by the wind, so they need to be correctly designed to support them. There are aerodynamic variables that must be determined for the design of these columns, especially the drag coefficient, a property linked to the geometry  of a body, which represents its interaction with a flowing fluid. Due to the complexity of determining these variables, experimental methods are constantly used to obtain these values. Classically, wind tunnel simulations are used for this purpose, but they can be expensive and difficult to perform. Fluid dynamic computational analysis has been widely applied to replace physical analysis. In this work, the drag coefficient of an autonomous solar lighting column is determined by wind tunnel simulations and computational analysis. With the obtained results, a comparison is made to verify  the fidelity of the data obtained by computational means when compared to those obtained through the wind tunnel simulations.
Keywords: Drag coefficient, Wind tunnel simulations, Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis, Autonomous solar lighting columns
Placement of Controllers in Software Defined Networking under Multiple Controller Mapping
Authors: Ashrafi Mohammad , AL-Tam Faroq , Correia Noelia
Published: June 2020

This work focuses on the placement of controllers in software-defined networking architectures. A mathematical model is developed to place controllers under multi- controller switch-controller mapping, where a switch can be assigned to multiple controllers. Resiliency, scalability, and inter-plane latency are all modeled in the proposed model. A scalability factor is introduced to increase the load to capacity gap at controllers, preventing controllers to work near their capacity limit. The proposed model is shown to be effective and resilient under different failure scenarios while, at the same time, taking latency and scalability into consideration.
Keywords: Controller Placement, Software-defined Networking, Reliability, Scalability
Study on the Manipulation of Plasma Density around a Cubesat Using Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Dias Filipe , Xisto Carlos , Páscoa José
Published: June 2020

During hypersonic flight regime or re-entry flights, a phenomenon known as radio blackout occurs, in which the high velocities attained lead to a significant increase in temperature surrounding the vehicle. This raise is so substantial that the molecules around the vehicle start to ionize, surrounding the vehicle in electrons. These electrons will prevent electromagnetic waves from leaving or reaching the aircraft, preventing all communications. Several blackout mitigation schemes have been proposed, among which is the magnetic window.  In this scheme, a magnetic field is imposed near the nose of the aircraft, which will then prevent electron movement, generating a spectral window through which the electromagnetic waves can pass. In this work, the effectiveness of this method in affecting the plasma density is tested. The mesh is tested for grid independency, ensuring an accurate solution in a sensible ammount of time. The effect of different magnetic field intensities is then tested for a CubeSat flying in hypersonic flight regime, in order to determine the effect of the magnetic field in the electron number density.
Keywords: Magnetohydrodynamics, Radio blackout, Magnetic window, CubeSat
Parametric Study of a Plunging NACA0012 Airfoil
Authors: Rodrigues Camacho Emanuel António , Da Silva Pereira das Neves Fernando Manuel , Resende Rodrigues Silva André , Manuel Martins Barata Jorge
Published: June 2020

Natural flight has always been the source of imagination for  the  Human being, but reproducing the propulsive systems used by animals is indeed complex. New challenges in today’s society have made biomimetics gain a lot of momentum because of the high performance and versatility these systems possess when subjected to  the low Reynolds numbers effects. The main objective of the present work is the computational study of the influence of the Reynolds number, frequency and amplitude of the oscillatory movement of a NACA0012 airfoil in the aerodynamic performance for a constant angle of attack over time. The thrust and power coefficients are obtained which together are used to calculate the propulsive efficiency. The simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent with a RANS approach for Reynolds numbers between 8,500 and 34,000, reduced frequencies between 1 and 5, and Strouhal numbers from 0.1 to 0.4. The aerodynamic parameters were widely explored as well as their interaction, obtaining optimal operational condition zones for the different Reynolds numbers studied.
Keywords: Plunging, Airfoil, CFD, Aerodynamic coefficients, Biomimicry
The Fabrics Design Influence in Real and Simulated Drape of Clothing
Authors: Miguel Rui , Lucas José , Melo Sónia , Pereira Madalena , Fernandes Clara , Barata João , Reis Benilde , Santos Silva Manuel
Published: June 2020

This research work aims to study the influence of the fabrics in the wear performance of clothing. For this, an experimental work was developed with two fabric samples having the same weight/m2, one single and another double, and a jacket prototype. Through a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties, very interesting results was obtained in the evaluation and characterization of the two fabrics performance in designing the same jacket, namely the drape and the corresponded aesthetic fabrics behaviours during wear. The structural characteristics and mechanical properties of each fabric were introduced into Marvelous Designer Version 8 software to simulate the virtual draping of fabrics in a skirt. The analysis of the drape profile of each fabric given by the software and the drape of the real fabrics evaluated in laboratory indicates, coherently, that the double fabric falls less than the single, but in a more harmonious way, what evidence the close links between technology and design of fashion products.
Keywords: Fabrics design, Fabrics mechanical properties, Clothing drape, Real and simulated drape
Comparison of Pollutants Formulation Prediction Using Several Turbulence Models for a CFM56-3 Combustor
Authors: Hansraj Harsh , Brójo Francisco
Published: June 2020

Nowadays the CFM56 engine is one of the most widely used engine models in the aviation industry. With this work it is intended to analyse several turbulence models during the combustion, allowing a better understanding of some problems and their possible resolution. It was used a STL file of the combustion chamber digitization, from the work of Oliveira. In the numerical case only a quarter of the combustion chamber is used due to its symmetry allowing a less computational effort during the simulations and the fuel used in combustion is Jet-A. The mesh used was designed in Helyx OS software and numerical simulations were performed in ANSYS Fluent 16.2. The models k-
3D Unsteady RANS Computation of the Mixing on a T-junction
Authors: Cândido Sílvio , Páscoa José
Published: June 2020

Turbulent mixing is a very common phenomenon in industrial processes. It is well know that the turbulence model has a massive impact on the accuracy of a turbulent flow, principally when it is used in processes of turbulent mixing. For this reason, this paper aims to investigate the impact of two specific turbulence models on calculating a mixture of gas-gas, using a 3D T- junction geometry. The differences between the calculation with two RANS based model, the kw-SST and SAS are investigated here. A mixture of Air and N2  is performed. The sensibility of the refinement of the mesh of calculation is assessed to calculate the discretization error. A comparison of results obtained with the distinct models of turbulence is made with available experimental data. In this comparison it is showed that the SAS model, due to its capability of capturing some vortexes that SST couldn’t, offers a better accuracy, with an error maximum bellow the 7%, in comparison to the experimental data.
Keywords: T-juntion, Turbulent mixing, RANS, CFD
Shared Spaces in Cities of Poland
Authors: Zalewski Andrzej
Published: June 2020

The aim of paper is a presentation an idea of shared space in the cities and results of implementation of this solution in the cities of Poland. The methodology of elaboration consisted of carrying out a review of the literature, comparing existing solutions and formulating conclusions regarding implementation. This trend, which has appeared over the past 50 years as a counterbalance to the pedestrianization of public spaces, is at the beginning of the 21st century experiencing its second youth and is being implemented in many areas in intensive urban development, especially in urban centers and areas of historic character. Shared space solutions are an integral way of shaping functions and forms of revitalized public spaces. These solutions contributes to improving the quality of public space and traffic safety, revitalizing social life, improving and reducing the environmental nuisance caused by traffic and finally created liveable city. Analyzes effectuated indicate, that in central areas of cities in Poland whose spatial arrangement is legally protected, the forms of shared spaces solutions are strongly influenced by strong conservation restrictions in these areas. This means the need  to respect existing historical conditions in shaping public spaces, as well as limited transformation possibilities. The Polish solutions of shared spaces presented in this paper of in their forms and quality do not differ from the standard functional solutions abroad. Solutions implemented in the Polish conditions, however, are more modest in terms of materials and implemented in a smaller number than is the case in Western European countries.
Keywords: Shared spaces, Traffic calming, Cities of Poland, Creation of public space
Automatic System to Control the Anisotropy of Lyocell Felted Webs
Authors: José Ramos Belino Nuno , Figueiredo Nunes Mário , Torrão Fiadeiro Paulo
Published: June 2020

The webs produced using a card as former system generally keep the fiber orientation. This effect is not very important for a great number of applications. But if an even pore distribution is necessary or the mechanical properties are to be uniform in all directions, then this system doesn’t work very well. Taking into account these considerations, a new technological solution has been specifically devised to control the fibre orientation during the drafting operation in pre-needled felts. A prototype is used as drafting unit with the rolls driven by stepper motors and controlled by computer. Two video cameras collect images of the surface of the web,  before and after the drafting operation,   and process them in a computer. The values of the images textural descriptors, are calculated and compared. It is intended an increase in entropy which means that the web become less ordered and this is the situation we are aiming for. A computer program will adjust automatically the speed and pressure of the drafting cylinders so as to achieve the best possible situation in terms of the isotropy of the final product and, consequently, MD:CD ratio close to 1.
Keywords: Anisotropy, Nonwoven felts, Image analysis, Textural descriptors, Estiragem
Coder and Decoder of Block mBnB Principally the 1B2B or Manchester
Authors: D. Reis António , F. Rocha José , S. Gameiro Atílio
Published: June 2020

This work presents the coder and decoder of block mBnB of the type 1B2B or Manchester. In the coder 1B2B each block/word of 1 input bit is coded in the block / word of 2 output bits. In the decoder 1B2B happen the inverse, each block of 2 input bits is newly converted in the original block of 1 output bit. The coder injects in the transmission line a number of 1’s exactly equal to the number of 0’s, what guarantees a DC constant component and maximizes the transitions number.  The objective is  to implement the pair coder and decoder 1B2B so that it improves the transmission quality and increases the information security.
Keywords: Block codes, Digital systems, Transmission lines
Substitution of a Conventional Gas Turbine By a HT-PEMFC APU: Feasibility Study
Authors: Carolina Castro Pereira Araújo Bruna , Miguel Ribeiro Proença Brojo Francisco
Published: June 2020

The aviation industry is increasing leading to a harmful environmental impact. APU is liable for 20% of airport ground-based emissions, 50% of aircraft maintenance costs and more than 5% of the daily fuel consumption [1]. Aware of this growing problem and its consequences, research should be conducted targeting new, non-polluting energy sources capable of meeting or even exceeding the aircraft’s electrical needs. With this in mind, the main goal of this article was to analyze the feasibility of implementing a HT-PEMFC system as a more sustainable alternative for the gas turbine APU in  an Airbus A320. The fuel used was methane which requires a fuel processor to convert it into hydrogen before entering the fuel cell. The maximum output work of this methane-supplied system is estimated at 250 kW. Therefore, a fuel processor and a fuel cell mathematical models were required. The two models along with the thermodynamic analysis were performed in MATLAB. The aims of this project were to evaluate fuel processing of methane and its conversion into electric energy through a fuel cell; to perform the thermodynamic analysis of HT-PEMFC APU based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics; and estimate the total weight, emissions and fuel consumption of the HT- PEMFC APU. The results of this research were  very encouraging, as it shows that the breakeven weight of the HT-PEMFC, for a mass increment of 854 kg, was compensated by a fuel efficiency of ∼2.7 times the conventional APU.
Keywords: APU, HT-PEMFC, Fuel cell
Coder and Decoder of Block 7B8B Simplified with Auxiliary Channel
Authors: D. Reis António , F. Rocha José , S. Gameiro Atílio , P. Carvalho Jose
Published: June 2020

This work presents the coder and decoder of block 7B8B simplified with auxiliary channel. The coder 7B8B converts an input 7 bits word in an output 8 bits word. It transmits approximately an equal number of 1’s and 0’s to provide a DC constant component. It increases the transitions number, improves the system quality and security. The objective is also to improve the system potentialities with an auxiliary channel to monitor the communication (alarm.) The main channel is real, but the auxiliary channel is fictitious.
Keywords: Block Codes, Advanced digital systems, Transmission lines
Deficit Irrigation in Peach Orchards under Water Scarcity Conditions
Authors: Canatário Duarte António , Veloso Abel , Ramos António , Ferreira Dora , Simões Maria Paula
Published: June 2020

The irrigation patterns in two peach orchards, located in the central eastern region of Portugal, called “Beira Interior”, and the effect of different amounts of irrigation on the total production and fruit quality were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in 2016, in two different orchards, and included three treatments correspondent to three different flow rates per tree: 8, 12 and 16 l/hour. The water balance, which included the water supplied by rain and irrigation and the crop evapotranspiration, was developed. At harvest, crop production, pulp firmness and percentage of the total soluble solids were evaluated. There were no significant differences between treatments in the average production per tree. However, in one of the orchards production increased with the volume of irrigation. In the same orchard, fruit firmness decreased with the increasing water supply. Total soluble solids had decreased with the increasing water supply in both orchards, probably as a consequence of the dilution effect due, directly, to the water incorporated in the fruits, or, indirectly, to the larger fruits produced by the trees that were irrigated more. In general, the treatments used in this study as well as in the farmers’ practices, the supplied water was in deficit, but the farmers tend empirically to follow closely the evolution of evapotranspiration.
Keywords: Deficit irrigation, Peach tree, Production, Total soluble solids, Fruit firmness
Short-term Hydro-thermal Coordination By Lagrangian Relaxation: A New Algorithm for the Solution of the Dual Problem
Authors: Bento Pedro , Pina Filipe , Mariano Sílvio , do Rosario Calado Maria
Published: June 2020

For decades, researchers have been studying the unit commitment problem in electrical power generation. To solve this complex, large scale and constrained optimization (primal) problem in a direct manner is not a feasible approach, which is where Lagrangian relaxation comes in as the answer. The dual Lagrangian problem translates a relaxed problem approach, that indirectly leads to solutions of the original (primal) problem. In the coordination problem, a decomposition takes place where the global solution is achieved by coordinating between the respective subproblems solutions. This dual problem is solved iteratively, and Lagrange multipliers are updated between each iteration using subgradient methods. To tackle, time-consuming tuning tasks  or user related experience, a new adaptative algorithm, is proposed to better adjust the step-size used to update Lagrange multipliers, i.e., avoid the need to pre-select  a set of parameters. A results comparison against a traditionally employed step-size update mechanism, showed that the adaptive algorithm manages to obtain improved performances in terms of the targeted primal problem.
Keywords: Hydro-Thermal coordination, Lagrangian relaxation, Lagrangian dual problem, Lagrange multipliers, Subgradient methods
Current Control Optimization for Grid-tied Inverters Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Faria João , Pombo José , Do Rosário Calado Maria , Mariano Sílvio
Published: June 2020

One of the most decisive factors for a smooth and stable operation of an DC / AC converter connected to the power grid are the gains used in the current controllers. This paper proposes the use of the Cuckoo Search optimization algorithm via Lévy Flights to facilitate the determination of the optimal gains of the grid connected DC/ AC converters. With the proposed algorithm, it becomes possible to determine the optimal gains of the current controllers of the DC / AC converters connected with the grid thus improving their stability, accuracy and response time.
Keywords: DC/AC converters, Cuckoo search, Optimization, Current controllers
TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE BRITISH WEST INDIES (1823-1846)
Authors: V. Sang N. , Trang L.
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study: This study investigated the history of trade relations between the United States and the British West Indies from 1823 to 1846.

Methodology: This article uses a combination of historical approach and interdisciplinary approach through statistics, analysis of statistical reports, and content of scientific publications on the topic.

Main Findings: The author of this article has analyzed the value of trade and the structure of exchanged products, compared the trade value between the US and the British West Indies with other regions as well as its effect on the US, British Indies in the context of the British-American relations in the first half of the nineteenth century.

Applications of this study: This study can be useful to understand the history of trade relations between the US and the British colonies in the West Indies during the first half of the nineteenth century. It can also be used for academic purposes for universities, researchers, lecturers of history and political sciences as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This paper is the first study on the history of trade relations between the US and the British West Indies between 1823 and 1846.
Cirugía Ginegológica
Authors: Vergara T. Roberto , Duplat Y. Enrique , Correa Humberto H. , Angulo R. Alberto , Villaneda S. Alberto , Pedraza G. Jaime , Ruiz A. Jaime , Acero R. Uriel , Jordán Germán , Caicedo Alvaro , González Guillermo , Rodríguez S. Arturo , Jaramillo U. Roberto
Published: June 2020

Después de una introducción y de una breve reseña histórica, en la cual se resaltan las labores desarrolladas por los pioneros de la Cirugía Ginecológica en Colombia, se proponen con fin docente una serie de normas para seguir en el pre y post-operatorio. Se plantean los siguientes objetivos: 1. Establecer la frecuencia de la Cirugía Ginecológica en la ciudad de Bogotá, D. E. 2. Registrar los procedimientos quirúrgicos más frecuentemente empleados en las diferentes Instituciones encuestadas, enumerando las normas generales pertinentes. Para cumplir estos objetivos fue necesario hacer un análisis estadístico excluyendo los casos de patología infecciosa grávido puerperal, así como las cesáreas y sus complicaciones. Se revisaron 2.137 historias clínicas y se consignaron 2.181 intervenciones quirúrgicas realizadas entre el 19 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 1977. Se dividen los procedimientos quirúrgicos en cirugías uterinas (603), cirugías de anexos (400), cirugías practicadas por vía vaginal (900) y cirugías para tratar displasias cervicales y tumores malignos del aparato genital (234). Se revisan las estancias pre y post-operatorias. el uso de transfusiones, sondas vesicales. antibióticos y la morbi-mortalidad. Para terminar se dan recomendaciones.
Utilización de la jeringa de Karman en ginecología
Authors: Villareal Mejía Jorge , Forero de Calderon Rosalina
Published: June 2020

La combinación de una cánula flexible de plástico transparente con una jeringa de succión, también de plástico, constituye lo que generalmente se conoce hoy en todo el mundo como la jeringa de Karman, que en Colombia no ha tenido aun la difusión y el conocimiento que su gran utilidad merece por parte de los especialistas en el campo de la obstetricia y la ginecología. La introducción, hace poco más de una década, de un sencillo sistema de succión endouterina en el instrumental del ginecólogo, representa un avance que merece destacarse. Este trabajo pretende dar a conocer en forma amplia este novedoso, simple y útil sistema de succión, de gran valor como ayuda diagnóstica y terapéutica para el ginecólogo moderno, por medio de la presentación de las características del equipo, la técnica y los hallazgos en 236 casos en los cuales fue utilizado, con particular eficacia, en la UNIDAD DE ORIENTACION. Y ASISTENCIA MATERNA de Bogotá.
Biometría fetal por ultrasonidos
Authors: Jiménez G. Luis Carlos , Quiroga Gil. Alvaro , Vergara Tamara Roberto , Mayorga Humberto
Published: June 2020

A nuestro universo de 1.551 exploraciones ecográficas, aplicamos diferentes curvas de regresión por trimestre y por sexo del feto para encontrar la mejor ecuación que exprese el crecimiento del D.B.P. en función de la edad gestacional.A lo largo de estos ensayos se pudo establecer las diferencias de crecimiento entre el segundo y tercer trimestre; escogiéndose como la mejor curva la de tipo logístico por describir mejor dichas diferencias y presentar el mejor coeficiente.