bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Landscape Architecture Design in Mountainous Scenic Areas with the Appropriate Technical Support
Authors: Fan Ya Ni , Dong Lu Di , Zhao Qiang
Published: October 2012

Abstract. This paper discusses the role of appropriate technical support in the landscape architecture design for mountainous scenic area from four aspects, namely enjoying, relaxing, viewing and service management, and provides theoretical guidance for the method of landscape architecture design in mountainous scenic areas. This paper makes an evidential analysis of Balidian catering buildings in Mount Shaohua scenic area by the typical demonstration; This paper analyzes the factors which influence the landscape architecture design and develop a method of the appropriate technical support for the landscape architecture design in mountainous scenic areas. The integration of appropriate technology is good for the landscape architecture design in mountainous scenic areas. This method has a certain reference value for the landscape architecture design in mountainous scenic areas.
Enlightment of American Green Land Rainwater Management Art to Chinese Modern Landscape Architecture
Authors: Ma Jian Wu , Zhang Qian , Guan Jun Duo
Published: October 2012

Abstract：Green lands are natural rainwater management facilities. Natural landscapes manage rainfall through a combination of evapotranspiration, infiltration, and runoff. Artful rainwater management is emulating nature split-flow rainwater in the processes of collection, conveyance and retention. Through artful design, the rainwater management facility will become a kind of site amenity that has varied values, functions, attributes. This paper introduces the American rainwater management theories and practices, proposes that the Chinese landscape architecture planning idea and design methodology should be changed. That is to use green land as natural rainwater management facility, to put the rainwater management into the procedure of landscape architecture planning and design, to ensure enough permeable area, to take measures to collect, filter and purify impervious surface runoff, to display the rainwater management process, to show the various values of drainage system. Based on the rainwater management, new Chinese modern landscape architecture model is put forward.
Research on Landscape and Ecological Restoration of Bare Soil in City Park
Authors: Fu Juan Lin , Xiang Ming Ming
Published: October 2012

In city parks, some plants degrade seriously because of human activities and lack of sunlight.A large number of bare soils stand out against the green background and have a tremendous negative impact on cityscape,ecological environment, and residents’ health.In this study, distribution of bare soils and their areas in Mianyang wuyi square were investigated. According to the characteristics,the bare soils are divided into three categories.Some normal ways to restoring landscape and ecological effects of bare soils were also pointed out, such as organic covering, inorganic particle covering and small square construction.
Chinese Traditional Culture and "Door Culture” Traditional Residence in Northern
Authors: He Xiao Yan
Published: October 2012

The shape of the gate formed as early as in ancient times along with the space theory formed. Traced back history of door, from "The system of the gate "to find the important relationship of the traditional residence in the north door culture" of traditional Chinese culture. From the type of door, layout and orientation, shape, decoration, detail components, analyse the traditional Chinese thinking mode of thinking on the impact of traditional buildings in the north door . " gate "was given as an entry form social grade, traditional culture, aesthetics, and other aspects of social significance.
Establishment of Evaluation Index System for the Low Carbon Decoration Engineering Construction
Authors: Wang Dong , Liao Zhong Yong
Published: October 2012

The paper studies the low carbon decoration engineering construction and analysis the influential factors of it. To realize the low carbon decoration engineering construction, the paper establishes the evaluation index system of the low carbon decoration engineering construction by the three level indexes.
The Rising of Consumption Space in the Western City and the Inspiration to China
Authors: Huang Shan , Wu Qian Bo
Published: October 2012

Service industry in western cities sprang up and industrial structure transformed, thus post-industrial society theory was formed. Consumption economy of cities is rising in western country and it has become the driving force of urban space. Traditional industrial space is becoming to modern consumer space in the metropolis. It analyzes the reference values of symbolic economy and consumer space in western country to Chinese urban development.
Analysis of Urban Culture and Urban Design
Authors: Wang Y. S. , Yang X.S.
Published: October 2012

Urban culture is a city soul, it's development is continuity, regional and highly inclusive. Deep thinking and analysis of the contact between urban culture and urban design,guide the city to create a perfect urban image, is the development aspirations of the times. Through position the urban culture, extraction of the urban culture, using history culture strategy，keep cultural sustainability, urban design under urban culture can make urban culture more vitality and Convincing.design.
Analysis on Application of the Ecological Concept of the Chinese Traditional Architecture in Urban Planning
Authors: Wang Zheng , Wang Qi Fan , Lei Yun Bo
Published: October 2012

Ecological concept of Chinese traditional architecture represented by Fengshui had a lot of useful theory and practice, in planning for sustainable development. This article analyses the positive impact about ecological concept of Chinese traditional architecture to city site selection and planning layout, based on the concept of modern environment and psychological knowledge, and discusses on scientific nature of ecological concept of Chinese traditional architecture, in order to Promoting the application of the ecological concept of the Chinese traditional architecture in urban planning.
Research on the Temporal Distribution of Public Trips in Developed City in China: In the Case of Shenzhen
Authors: Shi Xin Yi , Lin Hang Fei
Published: October 2012

With the development of public transport system, more and more people rely on public transport to travel. By the means of statistical method, the paper studies the travel temporal distribution of bus and subway and the differences between the weekday and weekend based on the smart card data in Shenzhen, aiming to find the characteristics of transit trips in developed cities of China and provide references for urban transport planning and management. The results of this study show that the number of trips in weekday is 205,000 more than weekend, while the mode in workday and weekend have little difference, where the subway accounts for 80 percent and buses account for 20%; more bus trips in weekday and more subway trips in weekend; the peak is more obvious in weekday than that in weekend.
The Industrial Structure Transformation Seeks the Land Utilization Maximization Based on Qingdao City
Authors: Cui Jun Shan , Zhang Wang
Published: October 2012

Our country has a large population and limited land and is being in a rapid development stage of industrialization and urbanization of the unique national circumstances.there is an urgent requirement to carry out research which maximize the utilization of urban land and optimize the industrial structure. The industrial structure development characteristic, the insufficiency and the land utilization problem exists in Qingdao have been researched, from relative land productivity, Floor area ratio, rate of area per GDP and so on various aspects have analyzed the relationship between industrial structure transformation and optimal allocation of land，finally put forward some countermeasures and suggestions in the process of implement about the industrial structure optimization and the land utilization maximization .
Discussion on the Land Using Mode of Conventional Public Transit Oriented City
Authors: Guo Liang , He Hui , Chen Ling Ling
Published: October 2012

For the contradiction between the current urban public transport system and land use status in many small and medium-sized cities, the purpose of the paper is to present the counterplan framework of the land using mode and to provide mechanism and ensuring for the land using mode that matches the conventional public transit system.
Enhanced Cell Transmission Model for Oversaturated Two Ways Arterials
Authors: Wang Ping , Yang Qun
Published: October 2012

The cell transmission model (CTM) is a potential simulation tool because it can accommodate all traffic conditions from light condition to oversaturated condition. This research aims to develop a traffic flow feature to improve the modeling of two-way arterials so that they are capable of modeling oversaturated conditions. Two improvements of the CTM are made to adequately study two-way arterials in oversaturated conditions. This enhanced model, proposed as the Conditional Cell Transmission Model (CCTM), is compared with Highway Capacity Software 2000 (HCS) in terms of travel speed. The consistency between the HCS 2000 and the CCTM show
Study of Emergency-Based Urban Traffic Planning
Authors: Zeng Xiao Ming , Zhang Yu Hong , Zhu Mo , Wen Wei Hua , Yang Hong , Lou Yi Hong , Jiang Zhong Hai
Published: October 2012

On the basis of analyzing and comparing with the existing road facilities in normal state, the traffic features in emergency and the design of redundancy, a method of planning and designing the traffic of urban road in emergency is put forward to solve the problem by switching the road facilities From normal state to emergency rapidly in a short time through some simple traffic organization and physical facilities instead of changing the road traffic facilities in the normal state so that the valuable resources of the road traffic in city can be made the most intensive use of both in normal state and in emergency
Circular Bus Network Planning Method in Chessboard-Shaped Road Network
Authors: Chen Qi , Lu Qing
Published: October 2012

Bus routes planning is the key to the design of public transport system, it determines the status of public transports at a large degree. For the existing bus network traffic problems, such as bus traffic is not balanced in both pace and time, flat-peak conversion is slow, non-linear coefficient is high. Therefore a circular bus network planning method is put out. The overall interests of passenger and bus operators are used as the objective function; the public transportation network technical indicators are used as the constraint conditions. When designing the network, the transfer coefficient and the line length are used for the control conditions. The main through passenger is satisfied at first, and the initial network is laid out by the circular line. Then the bus network is revised according to the constraints conditions with the status of the road network. From the different purposes, different option should be compared by the value of objective function, and the optimal one is gained at last.
Numerical Study on Navigation Regulation Engineering in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River
Authors: Zhang Ming Jin , Zhang Hua Qing , Yang Yan Hua
Published: October 2012

The waterway of Jiangxinzhou to Wujiang section is the only hindering navigation section in Wuhu to Nanjing of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Because of the unsteadiness of the main stream, the navigation condition in this section tends to worse, in which the regulation work is sorely needed and more important. The major problem for channel regulation in this section is the design of regulation project. In this paper, the 2D numerical model for simulating the flow and sediment in the waterway of Jiangxinzhou-Wujiang section is used to analyze these questions. From the numerical simulation results, we know that the overall navigation regulation project can solve the problem of hindering navigation.
The Investigation on Protection and Reuse of Qingdao Industry Architectural Heritage
Authors: Gao Qi , Zhu Ning , Bai Yun , Jiang Da Yong
Published: October 2012

Through introduced the development of the protection of industry heritage, analyzed the status quo of protection of Qingdao industry heritage and referred to the excellent instance, finally, it can be conclude the following viewpoints: for the target, mainly contains tracing urban memory and enhancing the suitability of industrial heritage; for the strategies, mainly contains the emphasis on the “truth” of industrial heritage, the rational way of protection and reuse, and the concrete strategies.
Urban Traffic Evacuation System for Comprehensive Railway Passenger Transport Hub and its Evacuation Efficiency Optimization Research
Authors: Yun Liang , Peng Bo
Published: October 2012

Comprehensive railway passenger transport hub (CRPTH) is important node in both railway passenger transport net and urban traffic net The efficiency of its passenger collecting and distributing impacts the level of service of both. In this paper, we proposed the concept of urban traffic evacuation system for CRPTH, clarified the quantitative indicators of its evacuation efficiency, and discussed the process of the system optimization.
Research on the Equilibrium of Train Crew Scheduling Plan of Motor Train Set
Authors: Li Cheng Bing , Wu Jun , Li Chu Kai
Published: October 2012

First give the basic theory of entropy and application fields of entropy. Second, analyze the reason of the fatigue phenomenon of the motor train set crew, on this basis, put forward the equilibrium indexes of train crew scheduling plan based on entropy theory, and establish the corresponding index model and calculation method. At last give the calculating formula of equilibrium of train crew scheduling plan, use it as a measure to know whether the train crew are fatigue, and then it can solve the problem that train crew are easily fall fatigue. The example shows that the method is scientific and applicable, and provide the reference for the making of the train crew scheduling plan in future.
Method on Whole Rail Profile Auto-Matching and its Application in Urban Rail Transit
Authors: Chen Wen , Li Hai Feng , Xu Yu De
Published: October 2012

With the increase in rail inspection technology, the whole rail profile can be measured by rail inspection cars or some typical static measurement instruments. Based on a large number of practical rail profile measurements, a whole rail profile auto-matching method is put forward to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of data analysis. An analytical tool applying this method is developed at the same time and the principle and calculation method of the tool will be introduced. Apart from this, data collected from in-situ measurements taken on line 2 of the Shanghai Metro will be performed and analyzed to verify this method. The main contributions of this paper are the generalization of an efficient analytical tool for the calculation of wear parameters at both specific and non-specific points and the practical application for comparison of data collected by both dynamic and static inspection with the standard, which proves that the method is correct and effective.
Fuzzy Evaluation of General Public Transportation Service Level in Small and Medium-Sized Cities
Authors: Wen Tong
Published: October 2012

The group eigenvalue method and fuzzy mathematics knowledge is used to assess the comprehensive evaluation of the service level for bus traffic. Analyzing the factors that influence the service level of bus traffic, it puts forward the evaluation index system of service level. In order to evaluate the service level for bus traffic, on the basis of defining remark grade, used the group eigenvalue method to decide the index weight. Then, the scientific and rationality of the evaluation method was detected by application example, according to the evaluation result, carried on the corresponding analysis.
A Preliminary Research on Immigration Village Construction in Inner-Mongolia Desert Steppe Area
Authors: Song Li Wei
Published: October 2012

The traditional lifestyle is making the environmental burden of grassland increased. For some immigration villages, proper guidance for industrial structure and rational planning are absent. The author believes that much attention should be paid to public participation during the village construction, trying to keep traditional communication habits and reflecting unique regional charm and features the same time.
Influences of Ice-Snow on Capacity of Signalized Intersection and the Minimum Green Time
Authors: Liu Chun Xiao , Cheng Guo Zhu , Zhang Ya Ping
Published: October 2012

In order to evaluate traffic operation status of signalized intersection and improve pedestrian traffic safety under the condition of ice-snow, it was studied that the influence of ice-snow on capacity of signalized intersection and the minimum green time. Saturated headway data of nine signalized intersections were observed by video method. And the influence of ice-snow melting pavement, compacted partly snowy pavement, compacted snowy pavement and normal pavement on saturated flow rate of signalized intersection were analyzed respectively. Correction coefficients of capacity of signalized intersection on different ice-snow pavement were given. Pedestrian’s crossing speed at nine signalized intersection on snowy pavement, icy pavement and normal pavement were observed and compared. And then the suggestion values of minimum green time calculation parameter were put forward.
Analysis on Capacity and LOS of Signalized Intersection in Slight Snowy Weather
Authors: Liu Chun Xiao , Cheng Guo Zhu , Zhang Ya Ping
Published: October 2012

In order to evaluate traffic operation status of signalized intersection in slight snowy weather, it was studied that the influence of slight snow on capacity and level of service (LOS) of signalized intersection. Data of timing, vehicle’s starting loss time, saturated headway of straight vehicle and delay of one signalized intersections in sunny and slight snowy weather were observed by video method. Stop-line method was adopted to calculate the capacity of signalized intersection and LOS was evaluated by American standard. It showed that capacity of signalized intersection decreased by 7% and LOS declined one level in slight snowy weather compared with on sunny weather.
The Design and Application of the Multi-Modal Transportation System for Large-Scale Events
Authors: Shi Hong Yun , Zeng Xiao Qing , Shi Dong Bing , Yang Wen Chen , Cao Kai Xiang
Published: October 2012

Large-scale events are characterized by temporally large-scale passengers and spatially short-term aggregation. To transport high intensity passengers aggregated in short term safely and efficiently, the key is to build a reliable, flexible, and green sustainable pattern of the multi-modal transportation system. This paper presents a multi-modal transportation system oriented for large- scale events, and intensive transportation system, coordinated non-Motorized traffic system and self-improving auxiliary traffic system is designed respectively. Based on statistical data of travel modes and passenger satisfaction questionnaire during Shanghai Expo, the multi-modal transportation system case of Shanghai Expo is studied, and the application effects and enlightenments of this system are discussed in detail, aiming at offering the reference for the design of urban multi-modal transport system for large-scale events.
Exploring Urban Road System Structure and Operation Mechanism about the Traffic Intersection Congestion
Authors: Zhang Xue Zhong , Fei Wei Shui , Ning Xiao Jun
Published: October 2012

In the face of increasingly congested urban traffic caused by all sorts of harm, how to solve the traffic congestion problem in the urban is becoming the major hot spot which domestic and foreign experts and scholars pay close attention to and study. This paper in a microscopic angle to analyze the problem -- urban traffic intersection congestion，not in macroscopical city planning, transportation planning, urban traffic demand to discuss. Through exploring the urban road system structure and operational mechanism, development of the automobile overpass is to solve the intersection congestion.
Practice of “Living Museum” in the Traditional Architecture Culture Protection and Renewal in South Fujian
Authors: Pan Ying , He Li Li , Shi Ying
Published: October 2012

“Living museum” is a theory and method in the protection and renewal of historical districts. It is based on the eco-museum theory and the characteristics of China. It can also be seen as a new museum mode. “Living museum” emphasizes three characteristics, which include: the authenticity protection of spatial element in the traditional architecture culture, identity and inheritance of traditional architecture culture, community participation and interaction with visitors. The essence of “Living museum” is community renewal. Following the principle of people-oriented, the theory pays attention to retain the traditional culture of architecture development trends and will make the traditional architectural protection a constantly updated and developing process.
Analysis on the Development of Vehicle Telematics in China
Authors: Ou Dong Xiu , Yang Yu Chen , Xu Tian Lai
Published: October 2012

With the rapid development of Telematics and the increasing demand of drivers on vehicles, vehicle Telematics witnesses the great progress around the world. In order to improve the traffic conditions, some countries, especially in the North America, Europe, have carried out relevant projects of vehicle Telematics, such as OnStar, eCall, G-Book, inkaNet. The paper presents the concept and current development of Telematics home and aboard; then gives detailed analysis on and comprehensive comparison among the four Telematics systems mentioned above; proposes the three major problems (speech recognition, charging standards and service chain) to be solved in China based on the analysis on the application of Telematics abroad; finally reveals the prospective of Telematics faced in China.
Design Study of Dual Generated Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator for Pico Hydro Generator
Authors: Lee Gyeong Chan , Kim Hoe Cheon , Jung Tae Uk , Kim Jang Mok
Published: October 2012

The RFPM(Radial Flux Permanent Magnet) generator has numerous advantages such as high output voltage and output power, high efficiency, manufacture easy but the slotted RFPM generator configuration produces the cogging torque. The cogging torque would be the source of acoustic noise and vibration. This paper presents the electromagnetic structure design analysis and the cogging torque reduction design of RFPM generator. It is composed of the inner stator and the outer stator and internal rotor. We called it as DG-RFPMG(Dual Generator-Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator). Firstly, the design of the pole-arc ratio of rotor magnets to reduce cogging torque is studied. Secondly, the design of the stator displacement of the outer stator and the inner stator to reduce the cogging torque is studied. Finally, the combined design optimization considering both the pole- arc ratio and the stator displacement to reduce the cogging torque is studied. The design of DG-RFPMG was calculated by 2D FEM(Finite Element Method).
Research on Wash Wave in Shallow Water Caused by Ship Moving at High Speed
Authors: Deng Hui , Zhang Zhi Hong , Miao Tao , Gu Jian Nong
Published: October 2012

Based on the theory of shallow-water wave, the theoretical model was established for calculating wash wave caused by ship moving at subcritical and supercritical speed. Wave elevation and pressure variation were obtained by numerical simulation, and their features were analyzed. A measuring system of wash wave and pressure variation was developed, and wave elevation and pressure variation induced by a towed ship model were measured. A good agreement existed between the calculated with experimental results.
Experimental Research on Structure of Surface Orifice Flood Discharge and Energy Dissipation of Hydropower Station with Large Discharge
Authors: Li Jing , Jiang Bo Le
Published: October 2012

Normally, it is much complicated and difficult to design flood discharge and energy dissipation with large discharge. In this paper, twelve designed schemes of a curtain hydropower station were compared and analyzed repeatedly. It provides better reference scheme for engineering design. On weir surface and middle orifice local hydraulic model with geometry scale of 1:60, the writer tested and researched on energy dissipation capacity ,velocity and flow pattern, pressure distribution and related hydraulics problems of the curtain hydropower station discharging structure layout. Basically practicable discharging structure pattern and stilling pool pattern were put forward, through comparison and optimization of more than ten schemes. The study result showed that the surface orifice adapting proper pattern of flaring gate pier was favorable to increase the energy dissipation efficiency and shorten the length of stilling pool, but had no effect on the phenomenon of water wing hitting both sides of guide wall caused by flaring gate pier, the schemes of canceling flaring gate pier of surface orifice and adapting the declined pattern stilling pool could decrease the stilling pool floor plate velocity of under flow energy dissipation efficiently ,at the same time diminish the phenomenon of water wing hitting guide wall on both sides caused by flaring gate pier and obtain certain satisfying energy dissipation effect, moreover it had much heuristic and inspirational effect on similar projects.
Field Tests of Guide Vanes and Runner Blades of a Large Bulb Turbine for Output Deficiency Diagnosis
Authors: Liu Zhong , Huang Zhu Qing , Zou Shu Yun , Rao Hong De
Published: October 2012

The 3# bulb turbine in Hongjiang Hydropower Plant has faced the problem of output deficiency since its commission in Sept. 2003, which caused a large economic loss. Following simple theoretical analyses on the main factors affecting the turbine’s output and efficiency, the field test schemes were determined to measure the shapes and intervals of guide vanes and runner blades of the 3#, 5# and 6# turbines. The test results discover that the average blade intervals of the 3# turbine are generally less than those of the 5# one. Suggestions on runner blade installation adjustment and combined curve modification are given.
Solution to the Shallow Water Equation with FVM Based on Unstructured Grid
Authors: He Jie , Zhao Xin Sheng , Liu He Yong
Published: October 2012

The diffusion motion is one of the important items in the shallow water equations, and it is a crucial factor for the stability to simulate the shallow water flow in the numerical model. In this paper, a 2D model for the simulation of shallow water flow by convection and diffusion over variable bottom is presented, which is based on the FVM (finite volume method) over triangular unstructured grids. The format of Reo’s approximate Riemann is adopted to solve the flux terms. And the bed slope source term is treated by split in the form of the flux eigenvector. For the diffusion terms, the divergence theorem is employed to obtain the derivatives of a scalar variable on each triangular cell. Then, the flow around a pillar is simulated, which flow pattern is similar with the actual flow. Thus it is proved that the model could be applied to simulate the complicated current structure in the water area around hydraulic construction.
A Study on the Evolution Characteristics of the Large Structure of Turbulence in a Meander Channel
Authors: Yang Yan Hua , Liu Xiao Qiang , Zhang Ming Jin
Published: October 2012

In this paper, we adopt theoretical method to study the evolution characteristic of the two dimensional turbulent vortex structures in a meander channel. The disturbance growth rates under different bank curvatures are simulated. The result showed that the change of growth rate of smaller vortices is more intensive than bigger vortices. Future more, we consider the coherent vortex structure as a kind of disturbance to study the evolution characteristics of multi-scale turbulent structures in a meander channel, make basis for finding “meander channel-forming vortices” which is controlling the river shape and adapt to the meander river in theoretic.
Investigation of Apron Setting on the Main Deep Trough of River Bed by 2D Unsteady Flow Simulation
Authors: Cheng Kuei Hsiang , Lin Chih Hsien , Chao Cheng
Published: October 2012

This study uses SMS-2D unsteady flow model to simulate apron setting and discuss its scour protection due to bow wave around the bridge pier on the main deep trough of 24-pier ChihShang Bridge and 3-pier Taitung Bridge in 100 years return flood peak flow, on the downstream BeiNan River in East-Taiwan as case study. Further, the topic of this study is to evaluate location-oriented scour likely result in accelerated erosion of critical piers by apron setting designed sizes in case of excessive cost, thus, providing reliable information and references for bridge engineers.
Overview of a Few Key Issues for Optimal Operation of Parallel Pumping Stations
Authors: Gong Yi , Shen Gang , Zuo Kui , Shi Han Sheng
Published: October 2012

For the operational optimization issues of the parallel pumping stations, on the two aspects, the multi-pump station and the parallel pumping stations, the solutions to the constructed models are illustrated, and a few key issues of the model solution process are described. Therefore, while providing a few new methods to construct and to solve the models, the optimization methods of large scale system is enriched and developed.
The Robustness Analysis for Hydro Turbine Governing Systems Used Different Governor
Authors: Wang Yu , Zeng Yun
Published: October 2012

The hydro turbine governing system framework model include hydro turbine , conduit system,governor, generator and load was established in which the typical PID and the new improved PID controller in governor respectively used. The sensitivity of the governing system for system parameter was deduced.The robustness of the governing system used typical PID and improved PID was discussed and analyzed. The conclusion is illustrated by simulation results.
Analysis of Fairness of Water Use Based on Geordie Coefficient in China
Authors: Chen Hua Xin , Xu Xin Yi
Published: October 2012

Bases on the expansion of Geordie Coefficient, a analysis method for water consumption fairness have been set up, and the Geordie coefficients are calculated to describe the influence of population, GDP, water quantity on water use of China in 2009. Then water demand coefficient is put forward to estimate the reasons for unfairness of water use. Moreover, Geordie coefficient of the North and South of China is analyzed. The results show that Geordie Coefficient represents unfairness of water use, which result from the unfair factors, including population, GDP, and water quantity. The research can provide reference for reasonable configuration of the water resources.
Numerical Simulation of 3D Solid-Liquid Two-Phase Turbulence Flow in Axial-Flow Pump Impeller
Authors: Hua Hong , Liu Xiao Bing , Ou Shun Bing , Zeng Yong Zhong
Published: October 2012

With the use of the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the SIMPLEC algorithm, as well as after the secondary development of the software Fluent, the velocity field and pressure field of a axial flow impeller were numerically simulated in the single-phase (clear water) and the solid-liquid two-phase conditions. The distributions of pressure, velocity and solid concentration in the impeller under the single-phase flow and the solid-liquid two-phase flow conditions were compared. This study has shown that the numerical simulation results are the same as the actual situation.
Research and Development of Acoustic Emission Signal Monitoring System for Hydraulic Turbine Cavitation
Authors: Liu Zhong , Zou Shu Yun , Jin Feng Hua , Xie Zhi Cong
Published: October 2012

The existance of cavitation threatens hydraulic turbines’ safe and economical operation. Traditional caviation monitoring methods are inclined to be contaminated by low-frequency environmental disturbances and strong background noises. An acoustic emission signal monitoring system for hydraulic turbine cavitation is proposed. Its hardware and software configurations are described in details, as well as the main functional modules. The test results on an 8000 kW Francis turbine with cavitations in the draft tube have shown the merits of this proposed system.
Effect of Shrub Planting on Runoff and Sediment under Simulated Rainfall
Authors: Xiao Pei Qing , Yao Wen Yi , Wang Chang Gao
Published: October 2012

Effect of shrub on runoff and sediment yield and its hydraulic mechanism of shrub were studied under rainfall intensities of 45, 87 and 127mm/h with 20°slope gradient using simulated rainfall experiment. the results showed that average runoff rates ranged from 39.7 to 126.0 L/min for bare plots and 0.77 to 4.83 L/min for shrub plots, and the runoff rates from shrub plots were much less than from bare plots. Average sediment yields varied from 3636.7 to 9436.3 g/min for bare plots and from 28.0 to 421.6 g/min for shrub plots. The critical flow shear stress of 1.65 N/m2 on shrub slope and 0.861 N/m2 on bare slope were got under experiment condition. The sediment yield increased with the increase of flow shear stress. The experiment results are meaningful for quantifying runoff and sediment reduction and deepening soil erosion mechanical process also.
One-Dimensional Soil Moisture Simulation Using Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Fu Xiao Lei , Yu Zhong Bo , Li Yu , Lv Hai Shen , Liu Di , Chen Jing Wen , Xiang Long , Chen Cheng
Published: October 2012

Data assimilation is a method which integrates model and observation. In hydrology, ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) as a sequential data assimilation method is often used to correct model parameters, thus improve the simulated accuracy. In this study, we conduct one numerical experiment to predict soil moisture using the one-dimensional soil moisture system based on ensemble Kalman filter and Simple Biosphere (SiB2) Model at Meilin study area, China. The simulated period is divided into two parts: 0-60h and 60-240h. The results show that EnKF is an efficient method in assimilating the soil moisture, especially in soil surface layer and deep soil layer; in addition, the efficiency of EnKF depends on the selection of initial soil moisture profile. With different initial soil moisture profiles, the performance of EnKF is different at the first few assimilated time, but with time grows, it can improve the simulated accuracy significantly.
On the Suspended Sediment Concentration Profile
Authors: Cheng Chen , Song Zhi Yao , Wang Yi Gang , Zhang Jin Shan
Published: October 2012

After analyzing the surface-boundary condition of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), Cheng et al.[7] further improved the sediment diffusion coefficient which was proposed by Bose and Dey[6]. Then an improved Rouse law (IRL) was developed. This equation, which has a similar form as Rouse law, not only overcomes the zero concentration at the free surface, but also behaves generally better than Rouse law and van Rijn equation over the whole water depth in the verification analysis. In this paper, the surface-boundary condition of SSC is further analyzed. It is elucidated that IRL satisfies the surface-boundary condition more reasonably than Rouse law. In addition, a first-order approximation of IRL is developed. From this approximation, we can easily get the explicit expression of the depth-averaged SSC without any implicit integrals to be solved numerically or by the help of a chart. This is very useful in the further study of non-equilibrium suspended sediment transport (SST).
Application of Fractal Theory on River Bed Form
Authors: Zhou Yin Jun , Li Fei , Chen Li , Jin Zhong Wu , Wang Jun
Published: October 2012

Fractal theory is used to describe river bed form. Based on improvements in some aspects of Surface area – Scale Method, such as, estimation of surface area, boundary treatment and so on, the calculation method of surface fractal dimension with irregular boundary is obtained, and the new method has good application on the bed surface fractal dimension calculation. The fractal characteristics of river bed surface morphology are discussed by combination with river-pattern, river regime, river process and changes of BSD. BSD can be used to study some related problems, such as analysis of river regime, distinction of river pattern, calculation of river resistance and so on.
Study on Hillslope Hydrodynamics Process and Catchment Runoff Producing Pattern in Humid Area
Authors: Gao Feng Hua , Yu Zhong Bo , Chen Xing , Liu Hong Wei
Published: October 2012

Hydrologic cycle was the supporter of pollution matter transportation, and the transferring of agricultural non-point source pollution from land to water has great relationship with hydrologic process. As part study of agricultural non-point source pollution matter transferring mechanics in small watershed, we studied the soil water movement, overland flow producing and confluence mechanism at the hillslope and watershed scales during storm events in humid area. This study monitored the overland flow, soil moisture, groundwater and the stream flow at outlet of the watershed during two storm events (July 19th 2008 and July 30th 2009), analyzed the rain-runoff producing patterns under different conditions and their impact factors. In humid area, soil water movement had three patterns, rainfall infiltration, lateral subsurface flow and groundwater rising, their ranges of influence depths were decided by the rainfall amount, duration and intensity, antecedent conditions and the soil physical characteristics. The overland runoff was infiltration excess runoff at the leading portion of the event, and changed gradually into the mixed patterns of infiltration excess runoff and saturation excess runoff. There was a large amount of regression water on the falling limb of the stream flow. The sources of the stream flow at the outlet of watershed contributed much to the non-point source pollution transportation pathways.
Study on Flow Pattern and Characteristics of Sediment Deposition in Tidal Reach of Yangtze River
Authors: Chen Zhang Ying , Zhang Xing Nong , Peng Xiu Qing , Liu Hui
Published: October 2012

Taking Nanjing macha river mouth of Yangtze river for example, a two-dimensional flow and sediment mathematical model was established to study flow pattern and characteristics of sediment deposition. The results of flow pattern show that there isn’t flood tidal current in the Nanjing baguazhou reach, but with tidal level alternating between flood tide and ebb tide, there is flood tidal current inside the river mouth under the condition of flood water. The calculation results of sediment deposition show that the sediment deposition is connected with the flow character and the incoming water and sediment condition. The deposition thickness at macha river mouth is much more than that of inside the macha river, and the sediment deposition in 1998 is much more than that of in 2006. With the increasing of calculational time, the deposition thickness per year decreases.
Application and Development of Stochastic Hydrological Models in China
Authors: Li Lu Xiu , Zhang Song Tao , Wang Xu Zhao
Published: October 2012

By reviewing the application of stochastic hydrological models in flood control safety design, risk analysis, water conservancy project planning and scheduling in recent years in China, it is presented that stochastic hydrological models are good tools for optimizing decisions in planning, design and operation of water resources development and utilization. Also, it deals with the problems which are difficult to solve in traditional hydrological calculation method. Besides, it is focused on some work which should be improvedand popularized about stochastic hydrological models in the future.
A New Method to Calculate Mixed-Layer Thickness Based on Sand Wave Movement
Authors: Ge Hua , Zhu Ling Ling , Zhang Xi Bing
Published: October 2012

It is pointed out that the influence of the time step in the unsteady non-uniform sediment mathematical model must be considered when to calculate the mixed-layer thickness in this article. And then a new method to calculate the mixed-layer thickness is obtained based on the sand wave movement. This method can well reflect the effect of the time step on the mixed-layer thickness, and has a wide field of application in the numerical simulation of natural river sediment transport.
Uncertainty Improvement in a Simulation of Channel Evolution
Authors: Son Kwang Ik , Hwang Taik Jean , Hwang Man Ha , Yoon Young Ho
Published: October 2012

The Four Major Rivers Restoration Project (4MRRP), one of the largest river rehabilitation projects in Korea, has being carried out during the last three years. 0.57 billion m3 of sediment was dredged to widen and deepen the channel along four major rivers, the Han, Nakdong, Geum, and Youngsan rivers. As a result of reshaping the natural channel to a trapezoidal channel, and the construction of 16 weirs, the change of longitudinal slope of the river was inevitable. The distribution of bed materials was also changed, due to dredging. Therefore, the rivers were totally disturbed, and the stability of the rivers could not be assured. In particular, the Nakdong river, the second largest river in Korea, has the characteristics of an alluvial channel. Degradation of the main channel bed caused bank erosion, and head-cut phenomena in many tributaries. Deformations of the main channels could be observed all along the river. Long-term simulation of the channel evolution and prediction of the stability of the Nakdong river have to be examined, to cope with the instability of the river, which could lead to unexpected river disasters. This study deals with the methodology of uncertainty improvement, in analysis of the simulation and confirmation with field survey data. Methodology of uncertainty improvement in description of weir, whose discharge coefficient is unknown, in a river was suggested.
An Analysis on Water-Saving Potential in Central and Northern Part of Ningxia
Authors: Zhang Ju Ping , Yang Cheng
Published: October 2012

This paper aims at analyzing the status of water resources in central and northern part of Ningxia, and tries to design a series of water-saving measures based on the principle of water conservation, combined with local situation and the content of land consolidation construction project. This study also includes an analysis on the water-saving potential after carrying out those measures. The results of the study show that the channels assemble care and field transformation can reduce the water loss of 259,810,700 m3, and the potential amount of water saved after the implementation of engineering measures is 157,199,500 m3.
Laboratory Study of Unsaturated Flow in a Single Fracture-Matrix System: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Zhong Zhen , Hu Yun Jin , Zhang Xin Hai , Chen Guo Long
Published: October 2012

A conceptual laboratory model for studying unsaturated flow in a single fracture-matrix system is developed in this paper. The model is capable of simulating the fracture and matrix with different samples, and three groups of contrastive experiments are conducted under a constant rainfall. The results show that fracture-matrix interactions have a great effect on the hydraulic properties of the fracture and matrix. The more distinctive the sample used to simulate the fracture and matrix is, the greater the influence is. Furthermore, the wetting front along the matrix runs ahead of that along the fracture, resulting in an extra water source for the fracture. It could be concluded fracture-matrix interactions and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the matrix cannot be ignored when the fracture is surrounded by a permeable matrix.
Evaluation on the River Seepage under Groundwater Pumping near Riverside
Authors: Chen Jung Wei , Chen Kuan Wei , Chang Jung Nan , Lee Sun Zone , Lee C.H.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Groundwater is to be pumping near the riverside could be induced recharge from the river surface and lateral aquifer layers, and could be reduced the negative effect on the aquifer. In this research, proposes the method of pumping groundwater from the Maoluo riverside and assesses the effect on the riverbank filtration in the middle of Taiwan. This research constructed the four analytical models using MODFLOW to identify the reliability of numerical model. Five groundwater pumping schemes based on the assessment on the effect of the Maoluo river seepage were implemented. For replace with the external water sources is 60,000 CMD, the ratio of river seepage to pumping is from 37.5% to 40.2%, and the groundwater radius of influence is from 290m to 470m. The research area is 700 m away from the residential area, none pumping schemes will thus affect the residential area.
Study on Characters of Nitrogen Adsorption and Desorption of Sediment in Ganjiang River
Authors: Ouyang Qiu Lin , Gao Gui Qing , Liu Su Su , Shi Xiao Ling
Published: October 2012

Sediment has the function of adsorption and desorption of the nitrogen in water body. This study provides the theoretical basis of calculating the nitrogen content discharged into the Poyang Lake. The results show the nitrogen adsorption of sediment reaches balance basically in about 4~ 6h, the adsorption capacity is increased with the increment of the initial concentration of nitrogen, and decreased with the increment of sediment conentration.The isothermal adsorption of nitrogen by sediment can be fitted preferably by Henry and Langmuir equation.The adsorption and desorption process can be fitted by Langmuir equation.The nitrogen desorption of sediment reaches balance basically in about 8~14h.The nitrogen desorption capacity of sediment is decreased with the increment of sediment concentration.
Comprehensive Research and Outlook of Loose Solid Materials on the Gully System under Hydrodynamic Conditions
Authors: Yang Shun , Ou Guo Qiang , Ji Xian Jun , Wang Jun
Published: October 2012

The paper reviewed the research and progress of solid materials on the gully system in the world and pointed out the shortage of it. On the condition of hydrodynamics, many papers available concentrated on the relationship between rainfall parameters and debris flow occurrence, rainfall infiltration and surface runoff; while on the solid materials on the gully or slope surface, a lot of researches focused on the flume experiments to analyses the initial condition and debris flow process under hydrodynamic effect together with artificial rainfall. Base on the reviews previous, paper give some prospects of research under hydrodynamic conditions in the futures.
Analysis of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Liao River Basin
Authors: Fu Yu Juan , He Jun Shi , Zhang Xu Dong
Published: October 2012

In order to discuss the water resources carrying capacity in Liaohe river basin, which is defined as the ultimate water resources carrying capacity, this paper mainly calculated the water resources threshold based on the lower and upper available water resources according to the minimum and appropriate ecological water requirement. Bring forth water resources carrying capacity threshold theoretical system, multi-objective algorithm is used to calculate the ultimate water resources carrying capacity for three different social and economic development projects, such as ‘ecological maintenance’, ‘ecological soundness’ and ‘ecological soundness with water saving’, and analyzed the calculation result with the characteristics of each city. The results showed that the water resources in Yingkou and Panjin have been overtaken, that in Shenyang and Anshan are over lifted to some extent and water resources in other cities still have some space to extract. Meanwhile, the ecological social and economic benefit of the third project is the best compared with the other two.