bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid biopsy in peritoneal fluid and plasma as a prognostic factor in advanced colorectal and appendiceal tumors after complete cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: López-Rojo Irene , Olmedillas-López Susana , Villarejo Campos Pedro , Domínguez Prieto Víctor , Barambio Buendía Javier , Cortés Guiral Delia , García-Arranz Mariano , García-Olmo Damián
Published: December 2020

Background:

Positive cytology has been identified as an independent negative prognostic factor in patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) of colorectal origin. Liquid biopsy in plasma may detect increasing levels of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and could help predict systemic relapse in patients with colorectal cancer, but little is known about the role of liquid biopsy in peritoneal fluid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of peritoneal fluid and plasma liquid biopsy in patients undergoing complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CC-HIPEC).

Methods:

A longitudinal prospective study was designed in patients with KRAS-mutated colorectal or appendiceal primary tumor, including PM of colorectal origin, pseudomyxoma peritonei and patients at high risk of developing PM (selected for second-look surgery). Eleven patients were recruited according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. ctDNA from plasma and peritoneal fluid before and after HIPEC was studied by droplet digital PCR looking for KRAS mutation. A close follow-up was scheduled (mean of 28.5 months) to monitor for systemic and peritoneal recurrences.

Results:

All patients with positive plasma postHIPEC had systemic relapse and four patients died as a result, while those with negative plasma postHIPEC did not relapse. Patients with negative peritoneal ctDNA after CC-HIPEC did not present peritoneal relapse. Of six patients with positive peritoneal ctDNA postHIPEC, two presented peritoneal recurrence and four systemic relapses.

Conclusions:

Treatment with CC-HIPEC does not always neutralize ctDNA in peritoneal fluid, and its persistence after treatment may predict adverse outcome. Despite being a proof of concept, an adequate correlation between liquid biopsy in plasma and peritoneal fluid with both systemic and peritoneal relapse has been observed.
Differences and similarities among questionnaires to assess pain status in chronic widespread pain population: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Evans Valerie , Duarte Felipe CK , Linde Lukas D , Kumbhare Dinesh
Published: December 2020

Objective:

In clinical practice, multiple questionnaires are often used as part of the diagnosis of chronic widespread pain. Body Surface Area (BSA), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Fibromyalgia Diagnostic Criteria (FDC) and Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) have all been used as screening tools to assess pain status in individuals with widespread pain. However, substantial overlap can be observed among these commonly employed questionnaires. This study aimed to quantitatively determine the most independent and dependent clinical characteristics obtained through these questionnaires and to examine potential redundancies.

Methods:

Seventy-nine participants with widespread pain, 61 females and 18 males, from a chronic pain outpatient clinic were recruited. The FDC, BSA, VAS and the CSI were measured for all participants. A principal component analysis (PCA) using a varimax rotation was used to determine which clinical measures represented separate constructs of widespread pain. This was followed by a regression analysis to assess redundancy between the constructs and related pain characteristics.

Results:

The identified three-component PCA solution was characterized by (1) the FDC and CSI score, (2) the VAS score and (3) the BSA score. This indicates that the BSA and the VAS scores capture independent patient information. From the regression analysis, the FDC and CSI scores shared approximately 80% of the variance, indicative of substantial overlap between scores.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrated that BSA and VAS scores were independent clinical measures of widespread chronic pain, while the FDC and CSI scores were not independent, were highly correlated and provided redundant information. Clinicians should continue using both the BSA and VAS; however, either only FDC or CSI will be beneficial during clinical assessment of widespread chronic pain.
Presentation of a diagnostically challenging case of chronic eosinophilic leukemia with marrow dysplasia and ringed sideroblasts
Authors: Vormittag-Nocito Erica , Khan Irum , Wiley Elizabeth , Behm Frederick , Ni Hongyu
Published: December 2020

Chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified can be challenging to differentiate from hypereosinophilic syndrome and myelodysplastic syndromes with elevated eosinophilia. We present a diagnostically challenging case of chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified that initially seemed like a myelodysplastic syndrome but progressed to eosinophilic tissue infiltration and overt eosinophilic dyspoiesis. In addition, we discuss the morphologic and molecular findings that can overlap among these entities that made the diagnosis difficult in the case presented.
Type A aortic dissection: Why there is still a role for echocardiography when every second counts
Authors: Luke Peter , Booth Karen , Kindawi Ali , Eggett Christopher
Published: December 2020

Aortic dissection is often regarded as a catastrophic aortic syndrome with high rates of mortality. The sensitivity and specificity of transthoracic echocardiography when diagnosing acute type A aortic dissection has been reported as high as 97% and 100%, respectively, in patients with optimal imaging quality when compared to computed tomography. In this article, we discuss the benefit of transthoracic echocardiography in a patient with type A aortic dissection extending from ascending aorta to iliac arteries.
CD22-directed CAR T-cell therapy induces complete remissions in CD19-directed CAR–refractory large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Baird John H. , Frank Matthew J. , Craig Juliana , Patel Shabnum , Spiegel Jay Y. , Sahaf Bita , Oak Jean S. , Younes Sheren F. , Ozawa Michael G. , Yang Eric , Natkunam Yasodha , Tamaresis John , Ehlinger Zachary , Reynolds Warren D. , Arai Sally , Johnston Laura , Lowsky Robert , Meyer Everett , Negrin Robert S. , Rezvani Andrew R. , Shiraz Parveen , Sidana Surbhi , Weng Wen-Kai , Davis Kara L. , Ramakrishna Sneha , Schultz Liora , Mullins Chelsea , Jacob Allison , Kirsch Ilan , Feldman Steven A. , Mackall Crystal L. , Miklos David B. , Muffly Lori
Published: December 2020

The prognosis of patients with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) that progresses after treatment with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting CD19 (CAR19) is poor. We report on the first 3 consecutive patients with autologous CAR19-refractory LBCL who were treated with a single infusion of autologous 1 × 106 CAR+ T cells per kilogram targeting CD22 (CAR22) as part of a phase 1 dose-escalation study. CAR22 therapy was relatively well tolerated, without any observed nonhematologic adverse events higher than grade 2. After infusion, all 3 patients achieved complete remission, with all responses continuing at the time of last follow-up (mean, 7.8 months; range, 6-9.3). Circulating CAR22 cells demonstrated robust expansion (peak range, 85.4-350 cells per microliter), and persisted beyond 3 months in all patients with continued radiographic responses and corresponding decreases in circulating tumor DNA beyond 6 months after infusion. Further accrual at a higher dose level in this phase 1 dose-escalation study is ongoing and will explore the role of this therapy in patients in whom prior CAR T-cell therapies have failed. This trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04088890.
Pneumolysin induces platelet destruction, not platelet activation, which can be prevented by immunoglobulin preparations in vitro
Authors: Jahn Kristin , Handtke Stefan , Palankar Raghavendra , Weißmüller Sabrina , Nouailles Geraldine , Kohler Thomas P. , Wesche Jan , Rohde Manfred , Heinz Corina , Aschenbrenner Axel F. , Wolff Martina , Schüttrumpf Jörg , Witzenrath Martin , Hammerschmidt Sven , Greinacher Andreas
Published: December 2020

Community-acquired pneumonia by primary or superinfections with Streptococcus pneumoniae can lead to acute respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation. The pore-forming toxin pneumolysin alters the alveolar-capillary barrier and causes extravasation of protein-rich fluid into the interstitial pulmonary tissue, which impairs gas exchange. Platelets usually prevent endothelial leakage in inflamed pulmonary tissue by sealing inflammation-induced endothelial gaps. We not only confirm that S pneumoniae induces CD62P expression in platelets, but we also show that, in the presence of pneumolysin, CD62P expression is not associated with platelet activation. Pneumolysin induces pores in the platelet membrane, which allow anti-CD62P antibodies to stain the intracellular CD62P without platelet activation. Pneumolysin treatment also results in calcium efflux, increase in light transmission by platelet lysis (not aggregation), loss of platelet thrombus formation in the flow chamber, and loss of pore-sealing capacity of platelets in the Boyden chamber. Specific anti-pneumolysin monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies inhibit these effects of pneumolysin on platelets as do polyvalent human immunoglobulins. In a post hoc analysis of the prospective randomized phase 2 CIGMA trial, we show that administration of a polyvalent immunoglobulin preparation was associated with a nominally higher platelet count and nominally improved survival in patients with severe S pneumoniae–related community-acquired pneumonia. Although, due to the low number of patients, no definitive conclusion can be made, our findings provide a rationale for investigation of pharmacologic immunoglobulin preparations to target pneumolysin by polyvalent immunoglobulin preparations in severe community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia, to counteract the risk of these patients becoming ventilation dependent. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01420744.
Prognostic and predictive performance of R-ISS with SKY92 in older patients with multiple myeloma: the HOVON-87/NMSG-18 trial
Authors: Kuiper Rowan , Zweegman Sonja , van Duin Mark , van Vliet Martin H. , van Beers Erik H. , Dumee Belinda , Vermeulen Michael , Koenders Jasper , van der Holt Bronno , Visser-Wisselaar Heleen , Hansson Markus , van der Velden Annette W. G. , Beverloo H. Berna , Stevens-Kroef Marian , Levin Mark-David , Broijl Annemiek , Waage Anders , Sonneveld Pieter
Published: December 2020

The standard prognostic marker for multiple myeloma (MM) patients is the revised International Staging System (R-ISS). However, there is room for improvement in guiding treatment. This applies particularly to older patients, in whom the benefit/risk ratio is reduced because of comorbidities and subsequent side effects. We hypothesized that adding gene-expression data to R-ISS would generate a stronger marker. This was tested by combining R-ISS with the SKY92 classifier (SKY-RISS). The HOVON-87/NMSG-18 trial (EudraCT: 2007-004007-34) compared melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide followed by thalidomide maintenance (MPT-T) with melphalan-prednisone-lenalidomide followed by lenalidomide maintenance (MPR-R). From this trial, 168 patients with available R-ISS status and gene-expression profiles were analyzed. R-ISS stages I, II, and III were assigned to 8%, 75%, and 7% of patients, respectively (3-year overall survival [OS] rates: 80%, 65%, 33%, P = 8 × 10−3). Using the SKY92 classifier, 13% of patients were high risk (HR) (3-year OS rates: standard risk [SR], 70%; HR, 28%; P < .001). Combining SKY92 with R-ISS resulted in 3 risk groups: SKY-RISS I (SKY-SR + R-ISS-I; 15%), SKY-RISS III (SKY-HR + R-ISS-II/III; 11%), and SKY-RISS II (all other patients; 74%). The 3-year OS rates for SKY-RISS I, II, and III are 88%, 66%, and 26%, respectively (P = 6 × 10−7). The SKY-RISS model was validated in older patients from the CoMMpass dataset. Moreover, SKY-RISS demonstrated predictive potential: HR patients appeared to benefit from MPR-R over MPT-T (median OS, 55 and 14 months, respectively). Combined, SKY92 and R-ISS classify patients more accurately. Additionally, benefit was observed for MPR-R over MPT-T in SKY92-RISS HR patients only.
“We’re in good hands there.” - Acceptance, barriers and facilitators of a primary care-based health coaching programme for children and adolescents with mental health problems: a qualitative study (PrimA-QuO)
Authors: Decke Siona , Deckert Karina , Lang Martin , Laub Otto , Loidl Verena , Schwettmann Lars , Grill Eva
Published: December 2020

Background

11.5 % of girls and 17.8 % of boys are affected by a mental health problem (MHP). The most prevalent problem areas are behavioural problems (girls/boys in %: 11.9/17.9), emotional problems (9.7/8.6) and hyperactivity problems (4.8/10.8). Primary care paediatricians are the first in line to be contacted. Nevertheless, even for less severely affected patients, referral rates to specialised care are constantly high. Therefore, a major statutory health insurance fund introduced a Health Coaching (HC) programme, including a training concept for paediatricians, standardised guidelines for actions and additional payments to strengthen primary care consultation for MHP and to decrease referrals to specialised care. The aim of this study was to examine how the HC is perceived and implemented in daily practice to indicate potential strengths and challenges.

Methods

During a one-year period starting in November 2017, a series of guideline-based interviews were conducted by phone with HC-developers, HC-qualified paediatricians, parents and patients (≥14 years) treated according to the HC programme. Paediatricians were selected from a Bavarian practice network with a total of 577 HC qualified paediatricians. Parents of patients with the four most common MHP diagnoses were approached by their health insurance: [World Health Organization, 2013] developmental disorder of speech and language [Wille N, et al., 2008] head/abdominal pain (somatoform) [Holling H, et al., 2003-2006 and 2009-2012] conduct disorder [Plass-Christl A, et al., 2018] non-organic enuresis. 23 paediatricians, 314 parents and 10 adolescents consented to be interviewed. Potential participants were selected based on purposeful sampling, according to principles of maximum variance. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two researchers analysed the transcripts independently of each other. Structuring content analysis derived from Mayring was used for analysis.

Results

11 paediatricians, 3 co-developers, 22 parents and 4 adolescents were included. Families were generally satisfied with paediatric care received in the programme’s context. The HC supported paediatricians’ essential role as consultants and improved their diagnostic skills. Lack of time, financial restrictions and patients’ challenging family structures were reported as major barriers to success.

Conclusion

The HC programme is perceived as a facilitator for more patient-centred care. However, structural barriers remain. Starting points for improvement are further options to strengthen families’ resources and expanded interdisciplinary networking.
Community care coordination for stroke survivors: results of a complex intervention study
Authors: Deutschbein Johannes , Grittner Ulrike , Schneider Alice , Schenk Liane
Published: December 2020

Background

Outpatient follow-up care for stroke survivors is often inadequate and mostly self-organized by the patients themselves. In the German health care system, there are no standard care programs for patients after they are discharged from the hospital to support them with their multifaceted and heterogeneous health care needs. The objective of this complex intervention study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a post-stroke care coordination program in comparison to standard care in the first year after a stroke.

Methods

Patients aged 55 and older who had survived a stroke or a transient ischemic attack (TIA) within the last 6 months before enrollment were included. Participants received care coordination either by telephone or face-to-face for up to 1 year. Patients’ health insurance claims data were used to measure outcomes. The control group consisted of stroke survivors receiving standard care and was constructed by exact matching based on six criteria. Outcome measures were health services utilization, rate of recurrent events, readmissions and accompanying costs, and mortality. Outcomes were tested using different multiple models.

Results

In total, N = 361 patients were included in the analyses. Intervention participants had seen an outpatient neurologist more often (OR = 4.75; 95% CI: 2.71–8.31) and were readmitted to a hospital less frequently (IRR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.29–0.61), resulting in lower hospital costs (IQR = €0–1910 in the intervention group, IQR = €0–4375 in the control group). There were no substantial group differences in the rate of recurrent events and mortality.

Conclusion

This study showed the beneficial potential of care coordination for a vulnerable patient population: the utilization rate of important health services was increased, and the rate of hospital readmissions decreased as a result. Future research should focus on the risk of recurrent strokes and the long-term effects of improved care.

Trial registration

DRKS00017526 on DRKS – German Clinical Trials Register (retrospectively registered: 21 June 2019).
11-Oxygenated Estrogens Are a Novel Class of Human Estrogens but Do not Contribute to the Circulating Estrogen Pool
Authors: Barnard Lise , Schiffer Lina , Louw du-Toit Renate , Tamblyn Jennifer A , Chen Shiuan , Africander Donita , Arlt Wiebke , Foster Paul A , Storbeck Karl-Heinz
Published: December 2020

Androgens are the obligatory precursors of estrogens. In humans, classic androgen biosynthesis yields testosterone, thought to represent the predominant circulating active androgen both in men and women. However, recent work has shown that 11-ketotestosterone, derived from the newly described 11-oxygenated androgen biosynthesis pathway, makes a substantial contribution to the active androgen pool in women. Considering that classic androgens are the obligatory substrates for estrogen biosynthesis catalyzed by cytochrome P450 aromatase, we hypothesized that 11-oxygenated androgens are aromatizable. Here we use steroid analysis by tandem mass spectrometry to demonstrate that human aromatase generates 11-oxygenated estrogens from 11-oxygenated androgens in 3 different cell-based aromatase expression systems and in human ex vivo placenta explant cultures. We also show that 11-oxygenated estrogens are generated as a byproduct of the aromatization of classic androgens. We show that 11β-hydroxy-17β-estradiol binds and activates estrogen receptors α and β and that 11β-hydroxy-17β-estradiol and the classic androgen pathway-derived active estrogen, 17β-estradiol, are equipotent in stimulating breast cancer cell line proliferation and expression of estrogen-responsive genes. 11-oxygenated estrogens were, however, not detectable in serum from individuals with high aromatase levels (pregnant women) and elevated 11-oxygenated androgen levels (patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia or adrenocortical carcinoma). Our data show that while 11-oxygenated androgens are aromatizable in vitro and ex vivo, the resulting 11-oxygenated estrogens are not detectable in circulation, suggesting that 11-oxygenated androgens function primarily as androgens in vivo.
Making, Cloning, and the Expression of Human Insulin Genes in Bacteria: The Path to Humulin
Authors: Riggs Arthur D
Published: December 2020

In the mid- to late 1970s, recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid methods for cloning and expressing genes in E. coli were under intense development. The important question had become: Can humans design and chemically synthesize novel genes that function in bacteria? This question was answered in 1978 and in 1979 with the successful expression in E. coli of 2 mammalian hormones, first somatostatin and then human insulin. The successful production of human insulin in bacteria provided, for the first time, a practical, scalable source of human insulin and resulted in the approval, in 1982, of human insulin for the treatment of diabetics. In this short review, I give my personal view of how the making, cloning, and expressing of human insulin genes was accomplished by a team of scientists led by Keiichi Itakura, Herbert W. Boyer, and myself.
Overview and Limitations of Database Research in Anesthesiology: A Narrative Review
Authors: Abdel-Kader Amir K. , Eisenkraft James B. , Katz Daniel J.
Published: December 2020

The utilization of large-scale databases for research in medical fields, including anesthesiology, has increased in popularity over the last decade, likely due to their structured content and relative ease of access. These databases have been used in a variety of perioperative studies, including analyses of risk stratification, preoperative testing, complications, and cost. While these databases contain a wealth of information that allows for an abundance of research opportunities, there are unique limitations to their use. A comprehensive understanding will afford the anesthesiology researcher the knowledge and tools to not only better interpret studies that utilized these databases, but also to conduct analyses of their own. This review details the content and composition of these databases, highlights the advantages of and limitations to their use, and offers information about their access and cost.
Salvage Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy (RAMIE) for T4b Esophageal Cancer After Definitive Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Defize I. L. , van der Horst S. , Bülbul M. , Haj Mohammad N. , Mook S. , Meijer G. J. , Brosens L. A. A. , Ruurda J. P. , van Hillegersberg R.
Published: December 2020

Background

Patients  with esophageal cancer  that invades adjacent structures (cT4b) are precluded from surgery and usually treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). dCRT might result in sufficient downstaging to enable a radical resection, possibly improving survival. This study aimed to assess the perioperative and oncologic outcomes of a salvage robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) in patients with cT4b esophageal cancer after dCRT.

Methods

Between June 2012 and November 2019, patients who underwent a RAMIE with a gastric conduit reconstruction after completion of dCRT for cT4b esophageal carcinoma were identified from a prospectively maintained surgical database at the University Medical Center Utrecht.

Results

In total, 24 patients with a histopathologically confirmed T4b adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were included. The adjacent organs involved were the tracheobronchial tree (67%), aorta (21%) or both (13%). No conversions or major intraoperative complications were observed. A radical resection was achieved in 22 patients (92%), and a pathologic complete response was observed in 13 (54%) patients. Postoperative grade 2 or higher complications occurred in 20 patients (83%). The disease-free survival at 24 months was 68% for the patients in whom a radical resection was achieved.

Conclusion

In patients with cT4b esophageal cancer treated with dCRT followed by a salvage RAMIE, a radical resection rate of 92% was achieved, with acceptable complications and promising survival rates. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a curative surgical treatment for patients with initially irresectable esophageal cancer but underscore the importance of a proper preoperative patient selection.
New record of three freshwater fish species from a western drainage of Lake Urmia for the Turkish fauna
Authors: Kaya Cüneyt
Published: December 2020

In the scope of this study, three freshwater fish species were newly recorded for Turkey from a western drainage of Lake Urmia: Alburnoides petrubanarescui, Alburnus atropatenae and Oxynoemacheilus elsae. All of them were found in headwaters of Nazli-chay River in the basin of the hypersaline Lake Urmia. The Lake is fed by many small springs and thirteen permanent rivers. In the previous studies, the existence of a stream in the western part of the Urmia Lake within border of Turkey was not mentioned.
The effect of curcumin on paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activities in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio L)
Authors: Akogul Selman , Mise Yonar Serpil
Published: December 2020

In this study, the effect of curcumin on paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activities in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio) were examined. For this purpose, curcumin was added into the feed during 21 days with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg doses. At the end of this period, serum, liver and kidney samples were taken from the fish and changes in paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activities were investigated. The serum and liver paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activities of the curcumin treated groups showed significant increases compared to the control group. The increase in kidney paraoxonase and arylesterase enzyme activities was statistically insignificant.
Species diversity and dominancy indexes in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) purse seine fishery
Authors: Senbahar Ahmet Mert , Güleç Özlem , Tosunoglu Zafer
Published: December 2020

To determine the diversity index values of species caught by purse seine, all samplings were carried out between September 2, 2017, and April 6, 2018 in Izmir Bay. As a result, a total of 17 fish species (Osteichthyes) belonging to 11 families and also 2 species from invertebrates (Cephalopoda and Arthropoda) were determined. Bony fishes and invertebrates consist of 99.9% and 0.1% of the total biomass, respectively. Sardina pilchardus was the most dominated species that occupied as 80.2% of the overall bony fishes followed by Engraulis encrasicolus (14.6%) and Sardinella aurita (1.5%). Diversity index values of species were found-1.026 by Shannon-Weaver and 0.63 by Simpsons, respectively. The highest dominancy was found for S. pilchardus with 71.1%. Overall final results indicate that the diversity of species in Izmir Bay purse seine fishery is very low and also S. pilchardus is the most over-dominant species.
The impact of high-pressure processing on the growth of Photobacterium phosphoreum and biogenic amine formation in marinated herring
Authors: Uçak Ilknur , Gökoglu Nalan
Published: December 2020

The effects of high-pressure processing (HPP) on Photobacterium phosphoreum growth and biogenic amine formation were evaluated in marinated herring (prepared with 2% acetic acid+8% NaCl; or 4% acetic acid+8% NaCl solutions). Marinated fish fillets were inoculated with P. phosphoreum, vaccum packaged and treated with HPP in different pressure levels (100, 300, and 500 MPa) and pressure holding times (5 and 10 min). Control was left as untreated for both marination group. All batches were stored at 4±1oC up to 3 months. The results showed that combined effect of HPP and 4% acetic acid had much more inhibitory effect on the growth of P. phosphoreum, especially pressure levels 300 and 500 MPa. During the storage period, H2S-producing bacteria growth was not observed in the groups subjected to 500 MPa pressure. Total psychrophilic bacteria did not grow in 500 MPa pressure treated group and 300 MPa 10 min pressure treated group prepared with 2% acetic acid during the storage period. Histamine was detected insignificant levels in the fillets marinated with 4% acetic acid and treated with HPP. Except for the control group tyramine formation was not found in the samples prepared with 4% acetic acid. Similarly, putrescine was not found in the samples prepared with 2% acetic acid and subjected to HPP treatment at the beginning of the storage. Cadaverine levels were found insignificant amount and 300 and 500 MPa pressure treatments suppressed the formation in 4% acetic acid treated groups compared with 2% acetic acid treated groups. The results of this study revealed that HPP in combination with 4% acetic acid had inhibitory effect on P. phosphoreum growth and suppressed the formation of histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine.
The occurrence of Ammothella longioculata (Faraggiana, 1940) (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) in İzmir Bay (Aegean Sea, Turkey) and reported species from the bay
Authors: Koçak Cengiz
Published: December 2020

Sampling studies in İzmir Bay revealed the occurrence of a pycnogonid species, Ammothella longioculata (Faraggiana, 1940). A. longioculata is reported only one time from the Turkish waters, up to now. The presence of this rare species is reported herein for the first time from the İzmir Bay, and also second time from the Turkish waters. The distribution map of the species in the Mediterranean Sea is provided, together with photographs and line drawings of the species. Moreover, all of the early studies were reviewed on the pycnogonid fauna of İzmir Bay, distribution of each species, depth range, and type of substrate are given.
Effects of GroBiotic®-A supplementation on growth performance, body composition and liver and intestine histological changes in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) juveniles
Authors: Yazıcı Metin , Mazlum Yavuz , Naz Mehmet , Sayın Selin , Ürkü Çigdem , Akaylı Tülay
Published: December 2020

The effects of GroBiotic®-A supplementation on growth performance, body composition, liver and intestine histology in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles were evaluated. The commercial GroBiotic®-A was added to diets at four different levels (0, 1, 2 and 3%), three replicates and fed 4 times a day (9:00, 11:30, 14:00, 16: 30 hours) for 60 days as ad libitum. Total 480 European seabass juveniles with a starting weight of 1.40±0.08 g were randomly stocked into 12 tanks with a volume of 1 m3. At the end of the study, the changes observed in weight, feed conversion ratios (FCR) and survival rates were calculated as 6.69 ± 5.35-7.40 ± 5.47, 0.80 ± 0.18-0.88 ± 0.20 and 96.6 ± 1.51-100 ± 0.0, respectively. When the body composition of the control and treatment groups were compared, no statistically significant differences were observed between the protein and lipid values (p>0.05), except ash (p <0.05). Histological sections of intestinal tissue; the number of goblet cells was higher than that of the control group. The highest values were determined in the group supplemented 2% GroBiotic®-A. The highest microvillus length was found in the group added 1% GroBiotic®-A. It was detected an inverse relationship between microvillus length and contribution rates as the the GroBiotic®-A additive levels increased. Also, degeneration and necrosis was detected in hepatocyte cells of seabass juvenile fed with diets supplemented 2% and 3% GroBiotic®-A as well as increase of the number of fatty vacuoles in liver tissue due to the increase in the amount of GroBiotic®-A. In conclusion, when the growth parameters, body composition and histological data were evaluated together, the feeding group supplemented 1% GroBiotic®-A performed the best.
Distribution of Aquatic Diptera larvae of Yeşilırmak River (Turkey) and ecological characteristics
Authors: Basoren Ozge , Kazancı Nilgün
Published: December 2020

Yeşilırmak River is one of the most important running waters of Turkey, but the water quality of this river has been affected by agricultural and domestic pollution. Dams and hydroelectric power plants also threaten the habitat quality and biodiversity of the river. This research contains investigation of Diptera fauna in Yeşilırmak River and tributaries, determination ecological characteristics of the collecting sites according to System A and System B Classification of Water Framework Directive (WFD), assessment of water quality of the studied sites by measuring the physicochemical variables (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P) and using some metrics (abundance, number of taxa, Simpson Diversity Index, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Margalef Diversity Index, Evenness). Thirty-three (33) sites were sampled from Yeşilırmak River and its tributaries in June 2010. Diptera individuals were detected in 20 of them. Two thousand four hundred forty-five (2445) individuals belonging to 12 families and 16 taxa were identified in 20 sampling sites. The water quality classes of the studied sites were Class III (moderate pollution) and Class IV (heavily pollution) according to values of physicochemical variables.
The length and weight relationships and feeding ecology of knout goby, Mesogobius batrachocephalus (Pallas, 1814) from Southern Black Sea
Authors: Tunka Bengil Elizabeth Grace , Aydın Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Among ecologically diverse gobies species, knout goby, Mesogobius batrachocephalus (Pallas, 1814), or previously known as Gobius batrachocephalus, is a Black Sea endemic species. There are studies on this species biological features along the Black Sea but there are only studies on its length and weight relationship along the Turkish coasts of the Black Sea. This study aims to contribute to the lack of knowledge on knout goby length and weight relationship and feeding ecology inhabiting Southern Black Sea. Total of 470 individual of knout goby was collected and it was previously reported that knout goby shows negative (-) allometry though within this study it was found that it only shows negative (-) allometry in spring and positive (+) allometry in other seasons. The diet was composed of crustaceans, teleost fishes and gastropods. According to the relative importance analysis, teleost fishes are the main food item for all and male individuals but for female crustaceans are the main food item. Trophic level results show that for all individuals trophic levels is 4.34, and when sexes are compared females have higher trophic level than males. While both sexes only consume teleost during summer, in other seasons females prefer more crustacean in their diet compared to males. Niche breadth index results indicated that when all individuals diet was compared among seasons in winter the niche breadth was the broader and summer was the narrower, in case of females the broader was fall and for males it was winter. In conclusion, feeding ecology of knout goby changes between seasons and sexes but general prey groups remain the same
Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of pomegranate peel extract in trout burgers stored at cold temperatures (4±1°C)
Authors: Uçak Ilknur
Published: December 2020

Recently, it has become a common practice to utilize food processing waste as natural additives in food products by evaluating their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Pomegranate peel is also an important by-product involved in the pomegranate processing industry and has strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the quality changes of trout burgers prepared with pomegranate peel extract during the refrigerated (4±1°C) storage. For this purpose, peroxide value, thiobarturic acid (TBARs), total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) count, total psyschophilis bacteria (TPB) count, total coliform bacteria, total yeast-mold, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count and sensory quality parameters were evaluated in trout burgers. Peoxide value was found to be 2.75 meq O2/kg at the beginning with increasing in all groups and were observed significantly lower in the groups prepared with pomegranate peel extract than the control group (24.85 meq O2/kg). TBARs value of trout fillet was 0.07 mg MDA/kg and increased in all groups until the end of storage. The lowest values compared to the control group were found in the group prepared with 1% pomegranate peel extract. At the end of storage, TBARs values of the control, groups enriched with 0.5% and 1% pomegranate peel extract reached 2.78, 2.32 and 2.25 mg MDA/kg, respectively. It has been determined that pomegranate peel extract has a suppressive effect on TAMB, TPB, total coliform, total yeast-mold and LAB growth in trout burgers. As a result of sensory evaluations, pomegranate peel extract has been observed to extend the shelf life of trout burgers by 6 days compared to the control group. All these data revealed that pomegranate peel extract can be used as an alternative natural additive in trout burgers.
Observations of lesions in Sturnira parvidens from Central México
Authors: Cornejo-Latorre Cristian , Rojas-Martínez Alberto E. , Pérez-Hernández Álvaro , Sil-Berra Luz M. , Aguilar-López Melany
Published: December 2020

Las observaciones sobre las condiciones de salud de los organismos son útiles para comprender la biología de las especies, particularmente porque las enfermedades y lesiones son poco conocidas en los murciélagos filostómidos, a pesar de la alta diversidad de este grupo en el neotrópico. Reportamos dos anomalías físicas encontradas en el murciélago norteño de charreteras (Sturnira parvidens) en una localidad del noroeste del estado de Hidalgo, México. El muestreo de murciélagos se realizó en febrero de 2020 utilizando tres redes de niebla (46.8 m2 red / noche) en una localidad del municipio de Nicolás Flores. Los individuos capturados fueron medidos e identificados a nivel de especie y se determinaron las medidas somáticas convencionales, además del sexo y su condición reproductiva. De una muestra de 29 individuos capturados de Sturnira parvidens, dos de ellos mostraron anomalías físicas; un macho presentó una lesión en el hueso metacarpiano del segundo dedo del ala derecha y otro macho exhibió síndrome alopécico en la espalda. En murciélagos, las fracturas óseas son menos comunes en comparación con otros tipos de daños en sus alas, pero es difícil establecer las causas de estas lesiones. El síndrome alopécico puede ser una condición rara en S. parvidens, pero aún es necesario identificar los agentes etiológicos que producen esta enfermedad.
Antimicrobial resistance situation in animal health of Bangladesh
Authors: Al Amin Md. , Hoque M. Nazmul , Siddiki Amam Zonaed , Saha Sukumar , Kamal Md. Mostofa
Published: December 2020

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a crucial multifactorial and complex global problem and Bangladesh poses a regional and global threat with a high degree of antibiotic resistance. Although the routine application of antimicrobials in the livestock industry has largely contributed to the health and productivity, it correspondingly plays a significant role in the evolution of different pathogenic bacterial strains having multidrug resistance (MDR) properties. Bangladesh is implementing the National Action Plan (NAP) for containing AMR in human, animal, and environment sectors through "One Health" approach where the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) is the mandated body to implement NAP strategies in the animal health sector of the country. This review presents a "snapshot" of the predisposing factors, and current situations of AMR along with the weakness and strength of DLS to contain the problem in animal farming practices in Bangladesh. In the present review, resistance monitoring data and risk assessment identified several direct and/or indirect predisposing factors to be potentially associated with AMR development in the animal health sector of Bangladesh. The predisposing factors are inadequate veterinary healthcare, monitoring and regulatory services, intervention of excessive informal animal health service providers, and farmers' knowledge gap on drugs, and AMR which have resulted in the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, ultimate in the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in all types of animal farming settings of Bangladesh. MDR bacteria with extreme resistance against antibiotics recommended to use in both animals and humans have been reported and been being a potential public health hazard in Bangladesh. Execution of extensive AMR surveillance in veterinary practices and awareness-building programs for stakeholders along with the strengthening of the capacity of DLS are recommended for effective containment of AMR emergence and dissemination in the animal health sector of Bangladesh.
IMPACTO DE LAS NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS EN EL ARBITRAJE INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Pérez Pacheco Yaritza , Fermín Igor Alejandro
Published: December 2020

En este artículo pretende identificar cómo las tecnologías emergentes han redefinido la estructura tradicional del arbitraje internacional y determinar cómo la “inteligencia del dato” puede mejorar la toma de decisiones mejor informadas en esta materia. Partimos de la tesis según la cual la “inteligencia del dato”, en el arbitraje internacional permitirá acelerar la toma de decisiones mejor informadas, dotando al arbitraje internacional de una verdadera eficacia, celeridad y reducción de costos; así como el acceso a un mayor número de justiciables. A partir del método deductivo con una exhaustiva investigación bibliográfica y de opiniones de expertos, se concluye que el uso ético de las tecnologías emergentes en el arbitraje internacional, tienen el potencial de renovar esta institución y posibilitar la toma de decisiones mejor informadas, lo que permitirá impulsar la automatización y gestión de casos en línea, con mayor eficiencia, precisión y transparencia.
ASPECTOS GERAIS DOS PRECEDENTES JUDICIAIS E A DOGMÁTICA DO NOVO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL
Authors: Cruz Paulo Márcio , Faria Barbiero Victória
Published: December 2020

A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de fazer um paralelo entre os precedentes judiciais da common law e como estes são inseridos no contexto brasileiro. Para isso, faz-se uma análise dos elementos constitutivos e práticos dos precedentes judiciais no sistema common law, como também a perspectiva histórica que culminou seu surgimento. Ademais, verifica-se os novos enquadramentos judiciários e atividades do juiz a partir dessa nova lógica vinculante no direito processual brasileiro. O precedente se torna um instrumento adequado para resolver os problemas de duração dos processos judicias e segurança jurídica do judiciário, e sua efetividade só poderá ser medida com a sua prática.PALAVRAS-CHAVE:‌ Common law; Precedentes judiciais; Processo Civil.
DISCURSOS INTOLERANTES (OU DISCURSOS DE ÓDIO?) DE PARLAMENTARES CONTRA GRUPOS SOCIAIS MINORITÁRIOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Marques da Silva Bruna Marques da Silva
Published: December 2020

Este estudo objetiva investigar se e como discursos intolerantes proferidos por parlamentares contra grupos sociais minoritários estão sendo enfrentados juridicamente no Brasil. Além disso, analisar se a definição de discurso de ódio referida pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) aproxima-se das manifestações objetos de demanda judicial. A pesquisa é de cunho exploratório, com levantamento bibliográfico e documental, bem como empírico, com análise de jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Os principais resultados da pesquisa apontam que: a) discursos intolerantes proferidos por parlamentares contra grupos sociais minoritários estão sendo judicializadas; b) nesses casos, o alcance da garantia da imunidade parlamentar material permanece conectado ao exercício da função parlamentar e c) por fim, os discursos intolerantes analisados tendem a aproximar-se do conceito jurídico de discurso de ódio referido pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO);PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito à liberdade de expressão; Imunidade parlamentar; Discurso de ódio; Grupos sociais minoritários.
A RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO DOS AGENTES PÚBLICOS COM O ADVENTO DA LEI Nº 13.655/2018: DA TEORIA DA IRRESPONSABILIDADE ESTATAL AO ERRO GROSSEIRO
Authors: López Valle Vivian Cristina Lima , Cabral Rodrigo Maciel
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo objetiva analisar a evolução do instituto da responsabilidade extracontratual do Estado, desde a teoria de irresponsabilidade até o atual ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. O advento da Lei nº 13.655/2018 trouxe novas discussões no âmbito jurídico, especialmente pela gênese do “erro grosseiro”, ressaltando-se seus supostos impactos na Lei de Improbidade Administrativa, no direito de regresso da Administração Pública contra o agente causador do dano e, ainda, em relação à culpa in vigilando. Até a regulamentação da nova LINDB por intermédio do Decreto nº 9.830/2019, havia compreensão de que “erro grosseiro” e “culpa grave” eram sinônimos, no entanto, o Decreto distanciou os conceitos e afastou as supostas alterações legislativas. Assim, recorrendo-se aos critérios de solução de antinomias de normas jurídicas, imperioso destacar que a inclusão do erro grosseiro no ordenamento jurídico revela nova hipótese de responsabilização do agente público por danos ao erário, sem configuração de improbidade administrativa ou implicar em nova regulamentação do art. 37, §6º da Constituição.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Responsabilidade; Agentes Públicos; Erro Grosseiro; Culpa Grave; Lei nº 13.655/2018.
PRINCÍPIO DA PRIVACIDADE POR DESIGN: FUNDAMENTOS E EFETIVIDADE REGULATÓRIA NA GARANTIA DO DIREITO À PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS
Authors: Marrafon Marco Aurélio , Cabral Loureiro Coutinho Luiza Leite
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo aborda os fundamentos e as diretrizes regulatórias na implementação do princípio privacy by design na fase de concepção de uma nova tecnologia, de modo a assegurar a efetividade do direito à proteção de dados e à privacidade. Nesse sentido, trabalha-se o conceito, a origem, o alcance, os princípios derivados, o estado da arte, os meios de implementação e os riscos que envolvem a privacy by design. Objetiva-se, com isso, identificar os desafios associados à privacidade e à segurança de dados, além de definir padrões normativos que possam assegurar a privacidade em todas as etapas do ciclo de desenvolvimento do sistema. Utilizou-se o método dedutivo e a pesquisa bibliográfica documental, legislativa e acadêmica, bem como a análise comparativa do tema. Em suma, entende-se que o princípio privacy by design é importante garantia à concretização prática do direito à proteção de dados, bem como do direito fundamental à privacidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Privacidade por design; Inteligência artificial e novas tecnologias; Proteção de dados; Direito fundamental à privacidade e à intimidade.
Efficacy of Tenapanor in Treating Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation: A 26-Week, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial (T3MPO-2)
Authors: Chey William D. , Lembo Anthony J. , Yang Yang , Rosenbaum David P.
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Tenapanor is a first-in-class, minimally absorbed, small-molecule inhibitor of the gastrointestinal sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3. This phase 3 trial assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of tenapanor 50 mg b.i.d. for the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).

METHODS:

In this randomized double-blind study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02686138), patients with IBS-C received tenapanor 50 mg b.i.d. or placebo b.i.d. for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who had a reduction of ≥30.0% in average weekly worst abdominal pain and an increase of ≥1 weekly complete spontaneous bowel movement from baseline, both in the same week, for ≥6 of the first 12 treatment weeks (6/12-week combined responder).

RESULTS:

Of the 620 randomized patients with IBS-C, 593 (95.6%) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis set (tenapanor: n = 293; placebo: n = 300) and 481 patients (77.6%) completed the 26-week treatment period. In the intention-to-treat analysis set (mean age: 45.4 years; 82.1% women), a significantly greater proportion of patients treated with tenapanor were 6/12-week combined responders than those treated with placebo (36.5% vs 23.7%; P < 0.001). Abdominal symptoms and global symptoms of IBS were significantly improved with tenapanor compared with placebo. Diarrhea, the most common adverse event, was typically transient and mild to moderate in severity. Diarrhea led to study drug discontinuation for 19 (6.5%) and 2 patients (0.7%) receiving tenapanor and placebo, respectively.

DISCUSSION:

Tenapanor 50 mg b.i.d. improved IBS-C symptoms over 26 weeks and was generally well tolerated, offering a potential new long-term treatment option for patients with IBS-C (see Visual abstract, Supplementary Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B797).