bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet of things: review, architecture and applications
Authors: Alam Tanweer
Published: April 2022

Devices linked to the internet of things (IoT) may communicate with one another in several settings. Furthermore, rather of relying on an existing centralized system, users may develop their own network by using wireless capabilities. This kind of network is known as a wireless mobile ad hoc network. The mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) enables IoT devices to connect with one another in an unstructured networked environment. IoT devices may connect, establish linkages, and share data on a continuous basis. In this system, the cloud's purpose is to store and analyze data acquired from IoT devices. One of the most significant challenges in cloud computing has been identified as information security, and its resolution will result in an even bigger increase in cloud computing usage and popularity in the future. Finally, the goal of this project is to create a framework for facilitating communication between IoT devices in a Cloud and MANET context. Our major contribution is a ground-breaking research initiative that combines cloud computing with the MANET and connects the internet of things. This research might be used to the IoT in the future.
Development of a web application to share hobbies activities
Authors: Sarasa Antonio
Published: April 2022

The widespread use of the web as a form of interaction has influenced the way people socialize. In this sense, this phenomenon has favored the development of web applications that offer user services aimed at sharing certain personal aspects such as photos, videos, or music. In particular, there is a growing demand for applications that allow users to search for other people who share the same hobbies intending to establish friendly relationships. The architecture for developing an application of this type is generally complex since it requires the manipulation of varied data, the storage of large amounts of data, or the possibility of communication between users in the application. This article presents an example of the design and development of a web application aimed at sharing activities among users who have common hobbies. For this, an ecosystem of different heterogeneous technologies has been used in a multilayer architecture, to optimize the management of the application information.
Perivascular Fibrosis Is Mediated by a KLF10-IL-9 Signaling Axis in CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Zhuang Rulin , Chen Jingshu , Cheng Henry S. , Assa Carmel , Jamaiyar Anurag , Pandey Arvind K. , Pérez-Cremades Daniel , Zhang Bofang , Tzani Aspasia , Khyrul Wara Akm , Plutzky Jorge , Barrera Victor , Bhetariya Preetida , Mitchell Richard N. , Liu Zhongmin , Feinberg Mark W.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Perivascular fibrosis, characterized by increased amount of connective tissue around vessels, is a hallmark for vascular disease. Ang II (angiotensin II) contributes to vascular disease and end-organ damage via promoting T-cell activation. Despite recent data suggesting the role of T cells in the progression of perivascular fibrosis, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

Methods:

TF (transcription factor) profiling was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hypertensive patients. CD4-targeted KLF10 (Kruppel like factor 10)-deficient (

Klf10
fl/fl
CD4
Cre+

; [TKO]) and CD4-Cre (

Klf10
+/+
CD4
Cre+

; [Cre]) control mice were subjected to Ang II infusion. End point characterization included cardiac echocardiography, aortic imaging, multiorgan histology, flow cytometry, cytokine analysis, aorta and fibroblast transcriptomic analysis, and aortic single-cell RNA-sequencing.

Results:

TF profiling identified increased
KLF10
expression in hypertensive human subjects and in CD4+ T cells in Ang II-treated mice. TKO mice showed enhanced perivascular fibrosis, but not interstitial fibrosis, in aorta, heart, and kidney in response to Ang II, accompanied by alterations in global longitudinal strain, arterial stiffness, and kidney function compared with Cre control mice. However, blood pressure was unchanged between the 2 groups. Mechanistically, KLF10 bound to the IL (interleukin)-9 promoter and interacted with HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1) inhibit IL-9 transcription. Increased IL-9 in TKO mice induced fibroblast intracellular calcium mobilization, fibroblast activation, and differentiation and increased production of collagen and extracellular matrix, thereby promoting the progression of perivascular fibrosis and impairing target organ function. Remarkably, injection of anti-IL9 antibodies reversed perivascular fibrosis in Ang II-infused TKO mice and C57BL/6 mice. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed fibroblast heterogeneity with activated signatures associated with robust ECM (extracellular matrix) and perivascular fibrosis in Ang II-treated TKO mice.

Conclusions:

CD4+ T cell deficiency of
Klf10
exacerbated perivascular fibrosis and multi-organ dysfunction in response to Ang II via upregulation of IL-9.
Klf10
or IL-9 in T cells might represent novel therapeutic targets for treatment of vascular or fibrotic diseases.
Accuracy of Automated Computer-Aided Diagnosis for Stroke Imaging: A Critical Evaluation of Current Evidence
Authors: Wardlaw Joanna M. , Mair Grant , von Kummer Rüdiger , Williams Michelle C. , Li Wenwen , Storkey Amos J. , Trucco Emanuel , Liebeskind David S. , Farrall Andrew , Bath Philip M. , White Philip
Published: April 2022

There is increasing interest in computer applications, using artificial intelligence methodologies, to perform health care tasks previously performed by humans, particularly in medical imaging for diagnosis. In stroke, there are now commercial artificial intelligence software for use with computed tomography or MR imaging to identify acute ischemic brain tissue pathology, arterial obstruction on computed tomography angiography or as hyperattenuated arteries on computed tomography, brain hemorrhage, or size of perfusion defects. A rapid, accurate diagnosis may aid treatment decisions for individual patients and could improve outcome if it leads to effective and safe treatment; or conversely, to disaster if a delayed or incorrect diagnosis results in inappropriate treatment. Despite this potential clinical impact, diagnostic tools including artificial intelligence methods are not subjected to the same clinical evaluation standards as are mandatory for drugs. Here, we provide an evidence-based review of the pros and cons of commercially available automated methods for medical imaging diagnosis, including those based on artificial intelligence, to diagnose acute brain pathology on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in patients with stroke.
“On This Day, We Are Perfect”: Embodiment in Yannai’s Yom Kippur Qerova
Authors: Lieber Laura S.
Published: April 2022

This article analyzes two poetic units within a much longer composition (translated in full here) composed by Yannai (6th c. CE, Galilee) for recitation on Yom Kippur. Specifically, it offers readings of Unit 8, which prefaces the third blessing of the Amidah (the Qedushah), and Unit 15, which concludes the work. Both units dwell on the physical experience of Yom Kippur and the ways in which ritual affects the body, permitting us to consider the role of “kinesthetic theology” (borrowing Kathryn Reklis’ coinage) – i.e., how physical expression and embodied experiences not only reflect but shape belief – in the composition.
The Ritual-Less Jew: Jewish Studies between the Universal and the Particular
Authors: Hughes Aaron W.
Published: April 2022

This article uses Kalman P. Bland’s The Artless Jew as a way to think about the recent history of the study of Judaism. The discipline’s preoccupation with disembodied texts has led to a way to conceptualize and situate Jews and Judaism that leaves certain blind spots and lacunae within our dominant narratives. To illumine some of these, the article focuses on ritual and what we can learn about the study of ritual in Judaism – and the study of Judaism more generally – by connecting it not to the particularities of Jewishness, but to the ostensible universalism of larger fields of study, such as the academic study of religion.
Jewish Environmental Ethics for the Anthropocene: An Integrative Approach
Authors: Tirosh-Samuelson Hava
Published: April 2022

This article argues that the Judaic understanding of creation care is a potent response to the challenges of the Anthropocene because Judaism acknowledges that humans have much in common with all other created beings, while respecting their alterity, and because Judaism insists on human responsibility toward and care of the created world. However, Jewish environmental ethics of care and responsibility could be greatly enriched if it incorporates the insights of the feminist ethics of care, ecofeminism, and environmental virtue ethics, three discourses to which Jewish environmentalists have paid limited attention so far, even though the secularization of Judaism in the twentieth century has impacted these discourses.
Canonization in Islamic Law: A Case Study based on Shāfiʿī Literature
Authors: Oberauer Norbert
Published: April 2022

The present study analyzes processes of canonization in Islamic law, with a focus on the Shāfiʿī madhhab. I argue that the formation of schools of law may be described as the emergence of distinct networks of intertextual references. This intertextuality – which is manifest inter alia in the choice of commentary and abridgement as key literary genres – transformed legal insight into a collective project centered on a common textual tradition. While these textual traditions were initially multivocal and indeterminate, specific doctrinal positions began to be prioritized in the 11th century. This resulted in the gradual standardization of school doctrine and, in the 14th century, in canonization, when certain texts came to be regarded as the authoritative articulation of the madhhab.

The impact of canonization on the development of law has been the object of considerable discussion in Islamic studies. Drawing on a systematic survey of Shāfiʿī doctrine on commercial partnership as represented in commentaries and abridgements of the 9th to 19th centuries, I argue that canonization made a significant contribution to stabilizing legal doctrine, and thus to conferring an element of rigidity on Shāfiʿī law. At the same time, I argue that this rigidity is specific to commentaries and abridgements, which in turn represent only one of many layers of Islamic legal discourse. The marked conservatism of these texts should be interpreted against the backdrop of the functional differentiation of different genres of legal literature: commentaries and abridgements served to preserve and transmit the inherited doctrinal essence of a school, while other genres helped contextualize this doctrinal tradition within an ever-changing environment of social practices.
Building a Continental Policy: The South American Secretariat of the Communist International (1925–34)
Authors: Massó Mariana , Quiroga Manuel
Published: April 2022

This paper analyses the history of the South American Secretariat of the Communist International. The objective is to carry out a critical study of the policies and strategy of the Secretariat, considering how its relationship with the Comintern and the South American Communist Parties changed over time. Our hypothesis is that during its first years of existence (1925–8) the Secretariat developed a policy based on the United Front. This changed during a transition period (July 1928–July 1929) in which it developed a stagist programme of bourgeois-democratic revolution, and the implementation of its front tactics was increasingly questioned. From 1929 to 1934, the organisation abandoned all concrete alliance tactics in the workers’ movement and electoral politics while nevertheless proclaiming its advocacy of the ‘United Front from below’. This paper is based on an analysis of primary sources, including the Secretariat’s publications, correspondence, and internal documents.
Miniature Swords in the Viking Age
Authors: Gardeła Leszek
Published: April 2022

Viking Age Scandinavians manufactured an impressive array of miniature objects that could be worn on the body as pendants, clothing appliques or pins. Many of these items resembled full-sized weapons commonly used by warriors in Northern Europe and beyond. This article sets out to investigate the complete corpus of so-called miniature swords from the ninth and tenth centuries typically made of copper alloy and silver. The majority of miniature swords have been discovered in the course of amateur metal detecting, but some examples come from more ‘secure’ contexts, such as graves and settlement sites, which allow linking them with particular people, places and social practices. The article discusses the history of research on miniature swords, situates them in the context of other small-sized militaria (axes, spearheads and shields) and examines their different forms, function and symbolic content.
Biblical Aramaic Passive Stems
Authors: Mastey Emmanuel
Published: April 2022

Perfect verbs in the Passive-Qal (qetil) and Hufʿal (huqtal or hoqtal) stems are attested in both Biblical (BA) and Middle Aramaic. This paper contests the claim of BA grammars that the Hufʿal imperfect is unattested in BA. Moreover, some scholars have doubted the authenticity of the Masoretic vocalisation of some Hufʿal and Passive-Qal occurrences, postulating that the Hufʿal preformative vowel was changed from a to u under the influence of the Hebrew Hufʿal. This paper discusses the most problematic occurrences from morphological, syntactic, and contextual viewpoints, and concludes that the Masoretic vocalisation of the forms in question is generally reliable. Lastly, a form that was mistakenly identified as a disguised Passive-Qal form is shown to be a Qal (active) form. It appears that the marking of human direct objects by lamed accusativi in BA has fewer exceptions than previously thought.
Expanding through Precarity
Authors: Ivanov Sergei
Published: April 2022

Since the early 2000s, the border regions of the Russian Far East have seen rapid growth in large-scale Chinese agriculture through contract-farming arrangements. This article, drawing on archival and ethnographic findings, focuses on contract relations between Chinese agribusinesses and small farmers as a labour regime, unusual in the Russian context. It argues that practices of informal subcontracting, mediation and border governance underlie this regime and produce precarity for small farmers, shifting to them the natural and human risks of agricultural production in Russia. The article points out that managers of large companies used the border to discipline and dispossess direct producers.
Mongolia’s Fossilised Heritage
Authors: Browne Kim Victoria , Dashdorj Tumendelger
Published: April 2022

It has been almost 100 years since the pioneering expedition of the American Museum of Natural History (New York) to the Gobi Desert led by Roy Chapman Andrews in 1922. Therefore, it is an opportune time to examine the contribution Andrews made to palaeontology in central Asia and to consider the question of education and repatriation in the context of the protection of Mongolia’s fossilised heritage. Furthermore, this paper investigates the threat to Mongolia’s rare and exceptional cultural heritage posed by modern-day fossil poachers along with domestic efforts to combat the illicit fossil trade in central Asia. This paper concludes with an examination of the repatriation from the United States of Tarbosaurus bataar and the establishment of the Central Museum of Mongolian Dinosaurs dedicated to repatriated dinosaur specimens.
Crassiparies yunnanensis sp. nov. (Neohendersoniaceae, Pleosporales) from dead twigs of Coffea arabica in China
Authors: LU LI , KARUNARATHNA SAMANTHA C. , HYDE KEVIN D. , BHAT D. JAYARAMA , DAI DONG-QIN , JAYAWARDENA RUVISHIKA S. , TIBPROMMA SAOWALUCK
Published: April 2022

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) accounting for about 60% of the world’s coffee is popular all over the world as a refreshing beverage and food additive. During surveys of fungi occurring on coffee plants, we collected a species of Neohendersoniaceae on dead twigs of an Arabica coffee plant in Pu’er, Yunnan Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses of combined SSU, LSU, ITS, rpb2, and tef gene sequences confirmed that our fungus is a distinct new species within Crassiparies. Morphological characteristics also support this taxon to be a novel species in Crassiparies. Full description, photo plate, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new species in Crassiparies are provided.
Biflustra irregulata (Cheilostomata: Membraniporidae): A tsunami debris rafted Indo-Pacific bryozoan found in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: KEY MARCUS M. JR. , HENDRICKX MICHEL E.
Published: April 2022

Previous studies documented colonies of the cheilostome bryozoan Biflustra irregulata rafting across the Pacific Ocean on debris from the 2011 Great East Japan megathrust earthquake and resulting tsunami. They arrived in the eastern Pacific on floating non-biodegradable tsunami debris from 2014 to 2016. Based on a newly discovered occurrence of this species off the west coast of Mexico, we report that this species has successfully expanded its range from the Indo-Pacific to the northeast Pacific following this dispersal event. Colonies were found encrusting barnacles on spiny lobsters from the southeastern Gulf of California.
A new desiccation-resistant midge from ephemeral rock pools in South Africa, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) cranstoni sp. nov. (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: CORNETTE RICHARD , MOTITSOE SAMUEL N. , MLAMBO MUSA C.
Published: April 2022

One newly described species of Chironomidae, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) cranstoni sp. nov., was discovered in ephemeral rock pools from the Maloti-Drakensberg mountains in South Africa. Desiccation-resistant larvae were obtained from bottom sediments of rock pools that had been dry for the previous several months. After rehydration, ex situ adults emerged and were collected. The morphology and diagnostic characters of the new species (male and female adults) are described here together with an analysis based on their COI gene sequence.
Bolbaffroides dhofarensis (Coleoptera: Bolboceratidae), a new species from Oman
Authors: KRÁL DAVID , HILLERT OLIVER , MENCL LADISLAV , SOMMER DAVID
Published: April 2022

Bolbaffroides dhofarensis Král, Hillert, Mencl & Sommer, new species, from Dhofar Governorate in south-western Oman is described. Relevant diagnostic characters (e.g., head and pronotum shape) of the new species and type material of two morphologically similar species, B. rollii (J. Müller, 1941) and B. validus (Klug, 1843) are photographically documented.
Practice Patterns of Transesophageal Echocardiography Use Among Trauma Patients: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study
Authors: Soltani Tandis , Crimi Ettore , Watson Carrie , Liu Huazhi , Zelmanovich Rebecca , Charles Aidan , Ang Darwin N.
Published: April 2022

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) can be utilized for hemodynamic monitoring and resuscitation. In order to study the pattern of TEE use in trauma patients, a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study was performed comparing adult trauma patients who underwent TEE or those who underwent traditional invasive hemodynamic monitoring (TIHM). TIHM was defined as the use of arterial line, central venous line, or pulmonary artery catheter without TEE. Mortality rates were obtained and multivariable logistic regression was used to risk adjust for age, gender, race, insurance status, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), ICD Injury severity score (ICISS). Compared to TIHM group, more patients in TEE group had a history of congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic pulmonary disease (CPD). Mortality rate was lower in the TEE group 7 versus 23% ( P-value < .0001). After adjusting for GCS and ICISS in multivariable analysis, inpatient mortality was significantly lower in the TEE cohort.
Structure and characterization of carbonized cotton knitted fabric
Authors: Zhang Jing , Long Hairu , Zhang Peihua
Published: April 2022

Carbonized cotton fabrics have been used in the preparation of wearable sensors. However, there are few studies on the carbonization structure and properties of carbonized cotton fabric. This work provided a practical and effective method for the preparation of carbonized cotton knitted fabrics. The effects of impregnating agents and pre-oxidation on the carbonization structure and performances of the cotton knitted fabric were investigated systematically for the first time. Thermal gravimetry analysis revealed that cotton knitted fabric impregnated with 10% (NH4)2HPO4 had a higher carbonized yield of cotton knitted fabric than that with 5%, which was followed by 10% NH4H2PO4, and the worst was 10% (NH4)2SO4. The results also showed that the carbonized yield of cotton knitted fabric was enhanced considerably at 900°C for 120 min after impregnation with 10% (NH4)2HPO4 and pre-oxidation at 240°C for 60 min. The integrity of the cotton knitted fabric was maintained after carbonization. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the natural turn of carbonized cotton fiber was deepened after being impregnated with 10% (NH4)2HPO4 and pre-oxidized at 240°C for 60 min. With the increase of carbonization temperature, C-O and C-H were destroyed, and C=C bonds were formed. The amorphous carbon interlayer was created after carbonization. The structural order of these carbonized cotton fibers was improved with the enhancement of temperature. Pre-impregnation agent treatment and pre-oxidation greatly heightened the carbonized yield of cotton knitted fabric, maintained the integrity of the carbonized cotton fiber, and then increased the electrical conductivity of the carbonized cotton knitted fabric.
Study on color ink diffusion in fabrics and color reproduction of digital inkjet printing
Authors: Li Yujia , Huang Ye , Yang Liu , Zhang Xin , Zhang Ruiyun
Published: April 2022

The accuracy of color reproduction of digital printed fabric is affected by fabric structural characteristics and treatment, and the adjustment of color management is required for reducing the color difference. To study the mechanism of color presenting, the interaction of ink droplets diffusing on polyester knitted fabric with different structures and treatment was investigated. The result showed that the smaller the porosity, the larger the diffusion area. Besides that, the pretreatment alleviated the edge blurring of color blocks on fabric, and the diffusion area of hydrophilic finished fabric was larger due to the hydrophilic film. In terms of color presenting, the smaller the porosity, the smaller the K/ S and C* values are, and the pretreatment could have a better effect on color presenting, while the color appeared more pastel on the finished fabric. Due to errors in the process of color transfer, the adjustment of color management in fabric digital inkjet printing was also studied. The manuscript correction method and the ink volume control method were proposed for color management in comparison with the original color management. Through the analysis of color differences, the optimized methods were able to provide an improved color reproduction effect, in which the ink volume control method had the best reproduction effect among the three. The improved color reproduction effect of the ink volume control method on finished fabric was also verified, and the difference of effects between finished fabric and ordinary fabric was explained with the diffusion law of ink droplets.
Graphics Out Loud: Perceptions and Strategic Actions of Students With Visual Impairments When Engaging With Graphics
Authors: Zebehazy Kim T. , Wilton Adam P. , Velugu Bhagyalaxmi
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Facility in graphics use is critical to accessing data visualizations in science, technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics (STEAM) content areas. Efforts to understand the cognitive processes underlying strategic action by students with visual impairments must consider both metacognition and self-regulated learning. Methods: Think-aloud transcripts were analyzed using a priori level one coding based on the Model of Graphic Interpretation (MoGI) followed by second-level coding to analyze nuanced commonalities and differences based on performance, medium, and level. Results: Differences in each component of the MoGI were found for print graphic and tactile graphic users, particularly based on performance and level. Higher performers were better able to articulate strategy use and reasons for selecting strategies. Discussion: Findings coincide with quantitative findings of the participants (see Zebehazy & Wilton, 2021 ). Transcripts provided additional confirming evidence of the interdependence of MoGI components. Implications for Practitioners: Use of think aloud can support assessment and instruction of students with visual impairments to build strategic action and metacognition when engaging with graphics.
Keeping Schools for Blind Students Vital in an Era of Inclusion: Key Elements for Success
Authors: Miyauchi Hisae , Fast Danene , Wild Tiffany
Published: April 2022

Introduction: This research aims to learn what schools for blind students in the United States are currently doing to teach students with visual impairments and further explore the services these schools provide in their states. Methods: This research used qualitative interviews with school administrators, staff members, and teachers at four schools for blind students in the United States. A constant comparison model was used to analyze common themes and trends within the data collected, allowing us to capture the voiced experiences of the interviewees. Results: All schools included in this research have built the capacity to serve a wide range of students with visual impairments through both on-campus programs and outreach services. To provide high-quality services, the on-campus programs and the outreach services embraced symbiosis with one another. In parallel to this effort, schools focused on building partnerships with districts and helped build capacity through indirect services. Discussion: Underlying ideologies within schools for blind students were the value of inclusion, belief in every student receiving a quality education, and aspiration towards schools for blind students to stay relevant in an era of inclusion. Schools were led by individuals who possessed inspirational and strategic thinking. Implications for Practitioners: This research documents the effective ways specialized schools for blind students are relevant in an era of inclusion, documenting the importance of creating new paths within traditional programs. This research outlines successful practices and ideologies that can be implemented by specialized schools, while acknowledging traditional on-campus programming combined with inclusive outreach models to create sustainable programming for all students with visual impairments throughout a state.
Confucian free expression and the threat of disinformation
Authors: Elstein David
Published: April 2022

At present, there is a wide divergence in attitudes toward free speech in countries strongly influenced by Confucianism. Japan, Korea, and Taiwan have fairly robust rights of free expression. Mainland China does not, strongly restricting speech that the government judges threatens State interests. I argue that although traditional Confucian scholars supported many restrictions on expression, Confucian philosophers actually have good reason to want to protect expression about values. Subsequently, I consider how to address the problem of disinformation while preserving this Confucian right to free expression. I focus on the case of Taiwan, as the Confucian state facing the most serious disinformation campaigns from China. The goal of government and civil society actors has been to focus on correcting disinformation while preserving free access to information, though laws do provide for civil and even criminal penalties for intentional spread of false information. As many democratic societies are facing the problem of concerted disinformation campaigns that aim to sow confusion and increase discord among the populace, Taiwan’s successes here are worth studying. Yet the Confucian cultural background means people accept more government involvement in defining what is true and false than may be the case elsewhere, and the right to free speech is less absolute.
Initiating Primary Care Services when the World Is Paused: Lessons for Pharmacists in the Post–COVID-19 Era
Authors: Nardolillo Joseph A. , Rosario Natalie , Cheng Vivian , Lobkovich Alison M.
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted primary care and required pharmacists to adapt when implementing primary care services. Many lessons learned through this process are applicable in the post-pandemic era. First, primary care pharmacists must prepare for an ever-changing role and communicate with stakeholders to align with shifting institutional priorities. Additionally, designing a workflow given limited staffing and in-person communication require flexibility for scheduling and referral processes. Proactive outreach and communication via virtual platforms may be used to build trust in place of in-office interactions with providers. Lastly, fostering relationships with patients is essential to the success of the service and often requires creation of patient-centered goals to account for personal barriers. Many pandemic obstacles are transient; however, telehealth, virtual communication, and the subsequent lessons learned in adaptability, creativity, and flexibility when building a clinic practice are everlasting.
Synthetic personalization and the legitimization of the Crimean annexation: A discourse analysis of Vladimir Putin’s March 2014 presidential address
Authors: Filipescu Corina
Published: April 2022

This article proposes the analysis of synthetic personalization as a new approach in studying and understanding the legitimization of the Crimean annexation. Drawing upon Norman Fairclough, synthetic personalization is a discursive strategy that identifies how aspects of language, which are regarded as commonsensical and normal, have ideological power, as they can become manipulative and controlling. The application of synthetic personalization to the March 2014 address of Russian President Vladimir Putin draws the audience’s attention to traits that unify the masses and thus stimulate their individual features, in particular by relying on presuppositions. The article argues that the address legitimized the annexation of Crimea by framing the annexation as a result of a religious, military, and heterogeneous unity, which unified Crimea and Russia. The findings also question the impact of the one-sided production process and who is the actual producer of the address.
Richard Muir: Edinburgh-based pioneer biomedical scientist and medical artist
Authors: Donaldson Ken , Henry Christopher
Published: April 2022

Richard Muir (1862—1931) began his career as a ‘lab boy’ in the Pathology Department of the University of Edinburgh in 1876 at the age of 13. This was a newly created category of worker that eventually became today's biomedical scientist Muir rapidly gained expertise in pathological and bacteriological techniques including staining and microscopy. Exceptionally, for someone non-medical and non-university-educated individual, he was elected a member of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and appointed Demonstrator in Pathology in the University of Edinburgh Pathology Department. He authored papers on staining techniques for bacteria and on the pathology of syphilis of the ear and became a recognised diagnostic histopathologist, despite having no medical qualifications. He especially excelled as an artist, depicting the microscopic world of pathology and microbiology and produced diagrams for hundreds of publications including his own book and also large wall hangings of the microscopic world for teaching purposes. This paper describes the unique contribution of Richard Muir to pathology in Edinburgh and beyond in the early 20th century.
Impact of COVID-19 Cases, Deaths, Stringency and Vaccinations on the US Stock Market
Authors: Mishra Rohit , Sharma Rajesh , Karedla Yaswanth , Patel Nikunj
Published: April 2022

The socio-economic environment of a country may significantly influence the size and working of the country’s financial markets in the long run. Keeping this in mind, this study aims to analyse the long-run and short-run impact of COVID-19 cases, deaths, stringency index, and vaccinations on the US stock market. Daily time series data ranging from 22 January 2020, to 30 April 2021, was considered in this study. The ARDL bounds test approach was employed to examine long-run and short-run relationships. Our statistical evidence suggests that, in the long run, confirmed cases and stringency have a negative and significant impact on stock markets, whereas vaccinations have a positive and significant effect on the stock markets. This indicates that any public health emergency adversely affects the stock markets, such as a pandemic outbreak. The government should ramp up the efforts towards vaccinating their citizens in the earliest possible timeline. Such actions of resurgence from the pandemic instil confidence in the market. Policymakers should be thoughtful about formulating contingency measures to effectively safeguard the population while preventing the deterioration in investor confidence.
Application of Computer-Assisted Preoperative Planning in Treating Congenital Bilateral Zygomatico-Maxillo-Mandibular Fusion: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Chen Sheng , Cui Jie , Ji Yi , Kong Liangliang , Shen Weimin
Published: April 2022

Congenital fusion of the jaws (syngnathia) is a rare facial malformation with an unknown etiology. This disease may vary in severity with adhesion of soft tissue and bony fusion. It can be anterior fusion, unilateral or bilateral fusion, and complete fusion. The main problem of these patients is the difficulty of airway maintenance and feeding, and the most common postoperative complication is the relapse of bony fusion. Here, we report a young male patient with bony syngnathia, involving bilateral fusion of the ascending ramus and body of the mandible with the maxillary complex. We performed bone isolation by computer-assisted preoperative planning and used an insertional temporalis flap to fix the wound surface to prevent refusion of bone.
Social reproduction and pandemic neoliberalism: Planetary crises and the reorganisation of life, work and death
Authors: Mezzadri Alessandra
Published: April 2022

This article portrays the COVID-19 pandemic as a planetary crisis of capitalist life and analyses it through the feminist political economy lens of social reproduction. Celebrating the plurality and distinctiveness of social reproduction theorisations, the article deploys three approaches to map the contours of the present conjuncture; namely Social Reproduction Theory, Early Social Reproduction Analyses and Raced Social Reproduction approaches. These provide key complementary insights over the planetary crisis and reorganisation of life, work and death triggered by the pandemic. Through the compounded insights of social reproduction theorisations, the article argues that the pandemic does not represent a crisis of neoliberalism. Rather, it represents its outcome, and deepening of its logics, an argument which is substantiated by exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the reproductive architecture of neoliberal capitalism; on the world of work; and on racialised processes manufacturing different kinds of surplus subjects. In conclusion, the article discusses the political implications of this social reproduction-centred reading of the pandemic for a progressive post-pandemic politics to move beyond pandemic neoliberalism.
Measuring lubricant viscosity at a surface and in a bearing film using shear-horizontal surface acoustic waves
Authors: Tyreas G. , Dwyer-Joyce R.S. , Notay R.S. , Durham D.J.
Published: April 2022

The lubricating effectiveness of an oil film in a journal bearing depends on the dynamic viscosity of the oil. The viscosity in turn depends on the local operating temperature, pressure, and shear rate. Reproducing these conditions in a laboratory viscometer to investigate the lubricant behaviour is a challenging task. As a result, methods that allow oil viscosity measurement in-situ in a film, would be preferred.

Ultrasound technology utilising shear bulk acoustic waves (BAW) has been used to measure liquid viscosity in the bulk, as well as in-situ in a film; the reflection of a shear BAW from a solid-liquid interface depends on the liquid viscosity. Surface acoustic waves (SAW) have been also used for measuring bulk liquid viscosity. In this paper, shear-horizontal surface acoustic waves (SH-SAWs) were explored for measuring oil film viscosity, as they present good coupling with liquids and sensitivity to surface changes. The main objectives of this work were to generate SH-SAWs on metallic media, investigate the wave response at the metal-oil interface, relate the wave response to viscosity with the aim to apply this knowledge to a journal bearing application for measuring viscosity in-situ the lubricant film.

Initially, the SH-SAW response was investigated at a solid-liquid interface. SH-SAWs attenuate at the solid-liquid interface, due to the liquid viscosity. This was modelled as a function of the liquid properties, material and geometry of the medium, and wave frequency. The SH-SAW attenuation-viscosity model was used to calculate the viscosity (in the range of ∼3 to 4600 cP) of different oils at a free surface, which agreed with the viscosity values from datasheets and bench-top viscosity measurements.

This approach was then implemented in-situ in a journal bearing application. A bearing sleeve was instrumented with a pair of SH-SAW transducers and a shear BAW transducer installed inside the rotating journal. These two approaches were used to measure the film viscosity of 4 lubricants blended with different additives in two ways; the former by the leakage of the surface wave, and the latter by the reflection of the bulk wave. Both approaches were found to be in good agreement. They successfully distinguished the chemistry of the oil test samples according to their viscosities under various loading conditions and constant speed, and were able to monitor changes in the oil film viscosity in the loaded region.

The SH-SAW sensors used were low cost and small sized and so can be fitted relatively conveniently into a bearing sleeve, requiring nothing but a function generator and digitiser to operate. This approach could then be used to evaluate lubricant formulations for their performance actually inside a bearing, rather than through the extrapolation of data from a conventional bench top viscometer.
Experiences of adult social work addressing self-neglect during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Manthorpe Jill , Woolham John , Steils Nicole , Stevens Martin , Martineau Stephen , Owen Jenifer , Tinelli Michela
Published: April 2022

Internationally there has been much interest in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care and support of older people including those with needs arising from self-neglect and/or hoarding. During the pandemic English local authorities’ legal duties remained to respond to concerns about harm about people with care and support needs living in the community. This paper reports interviews with 44 participants working for adult safeguarding/adult protective services (APS) in 31 local authorities recruited from all English regions. Interviews took place online in November-December 2020 as the pandemic's second UK wave was emerging. Analytic induction methods were used to develop themes.

Findings

Participants reported some of the variations in referrals to their services with more contact being received from community sources concerned about their neighbours’ welfare. Participants provided accounts of the local organisation of adult safeguarding services during the pandemic, including in some areas the potential for offering early help to older people at risk of harm from self-neglect or hoarding behaviour. Online inter-agency meetings were positively received but were acknowledged to potentially exclude some older people.

Applications

This article reports observations from adult safeguarding practitioners about their services which may be of interest internationally and in renewing services that can sustain public interest in the welfare of their older citizens and in developing early help. The findings reflect those from children's services where online meetings are also predicted to enhance professional communications post-pandemic but similarly need to ensure effective engagement with service users and their families.
Effects of the addition of carbon nanofibers on mechanical properties of woven glass/epoxy composites with different weave patterns
Authors: Aghaei Mohammad , Shokrieh Mahmood M , Mosalmani Reza
Published: April 2022

The harness and the weave style are among the most important properties of woven fabrics. Most of the previous studies utilized woven fabrics with specific harnesses to explore the effects of nanoparticles on woven composites. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to examine the impact of three weave patterns, namely plain, 5-harness satin, and 8-harness satin, on the mechanical properties of woven composites under tensile and shear loads. Subsequently, the effect of applying carbon nanofibers (CNFs) to epoxy resin reinforced with woven glass fibers with various harnesses was studied. The experimental results were evaluated statistically, indicating that using CNFs differently affects composite properties with various fabric harnesses. The addition of 0.5 wt.% CNFs to woven composites with varied harnesses enhanced the tensile strength by 19.2%–22.9% and the tensile fracture strain by 12.9%–13.8%, respectively. However, the elastic tensile modulus of woven composites was not increased. A further increase in the CNFs weight fraction from 0.5 wt.% did not improve the tensile properties. The addition of 0.5 wt.%, 1.0 wt.% and 1.5 wt.% CNFs increased the shear strength up to 30.6% and the shear modulus up to 18.7%, respectively. The results showed that the addition of CNFs more significantly affected the shear than the tensile properties. It was also revealed that employing a proper weight fraction of CNFs and a proper fabric harness significantly improves the mechanical properties of woven composites. Finally, an empirical model was developed to predict the strength and elastic modulus of woven composites with different harnesses and CNF weight fractions.
Professional padel tennis: Characteristics and effectiveness of the shots played to the fence
Authors: Sánchez-Alcaraz Bernardino Javier , Martínez-Gallego Rafael , Ramón-Llin Mas Jesús , Crespo Miguel , Muñoz Diego , López Martínez José Miguel , Sánchez-Pay Alejandro
Published: April 2022

Padel tennis is played on different surfaces and the padel tennis court is made of different materials. This influences how the ball can be played back after it hits or bounces on them. The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of shots played to the fence in professional padel tennis. A total of 489 shots to the fence played by the 8 best pairs (16 male and 16 female players) competing in an international professional tournament were recorded. Using an observational methodology, variables such as the distance of the shot to the net, the side of the court from which the shot was played, the trajectory of the shot and the type of shot were analysed and compared according to gender and effectiveness. The results showed that in women's padel, the overhead shot was significantly more used to play the ball to the fence (48.4%) as compared to men's padel (39.9%), where volleys were significantly more used (39.5%) as compared to women's padel (30.5%). Crosscourt shots were significantly more effective (24.2%) than the down the line ones (16.8%). Groundstrokes were the strokes which produced significantly higher number of winners (25.2%) as well as errors (31.1%). As the distance to the net increased, the effectiveness of the shot played to the fence significantly decreased. These data can serve as a reference for padel players and coaches when planning training sessions adapted to the characteristics of the competition.
Effects of Ultraviolet Exposure on the Tropical Fungi Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus japonicus: Survival, Amylase Production, and Thermostability
Authors: Pasin Thiago M. , Moreira Eliano A. , Benassi Vivian M. , Spencer Paula V. D. , Peres Nalu T. A. , Cereia Mariana , Polizeli Maria de Lourdes T. M.
Published: April 2022

Background and Research Aims

Although fundamental to tropical forest biodiversity, fungi have been largely neglected in conservation research. To examine the fungal response to increased ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation, we analyzed UVC radiation effects on the survival, growth, and amylase activity of Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus japonicus.

Methods

A. carbonarius (strain URM 7305) and A. japonicus (URM 7270) were exposed to UVC (254 nm) for different periods, and morphological changes were compared to the control.

Results

Survival capacity and growth decreased after 10 min of exposure in A. carbonarius and after 25 min in A. japonicus. After 40 min, amylase activity decreased ( A. carbonarius: 35.8%; A. japonicus: 30.3%). Amylase thermostability at 60°C was lower in UVC-exposed strains (T50 15 min) compared to controls ( A. japonicus, 45 min; A. carbonarius, 30 min). However, the protein amount remained stable in all UVC-treated strains. Contamination by other fungi was observed in the UVC-exposed strains, confirming competitive strength loss in both species. This was not observed in the controls due to secondary metabolite production, which increased their competitive fitness.

Conclusion

We provide new information about UVC’s adverse effects on the survival and enzyme production of A. carbonarius and A. japonicus, which could mean a loss of species essential for proper soil functioning and biodiversity.

Implications for conservation

Experimental manipulation of biochemical and physiological reactions advances fungal conservation beyond distributional data. The experimental evidence supports previous studies, suggesting that the increased UV radiation caused by climate change may drastically affect fungal biochemistry and physiology.
Extending Information System Success Model with Customer Experience: A MOOC System Evaluation
Authors: Shah Jinal , Khanna Monica , Deshpande Rahul
Published: April 2022

An extension of the open education resource (OER) and open course ware (OCW) movement, massive open online courses (MOOCs) have changed the education landscape. MOOCs offer free courses from reputed universities to learners across the world. Despite immense popularity and universal adoption, very little is known about what constitutes MOOC success and effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing MOOC success by developing a model named the learner satisfaction model for MOOCs (LSMM). The model was empirically tested through a cross-sectional research design. Primary data were collected using purposive sampling from 227 respondents in India. The partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was used for testing the hypothesized relationships. The outcomes demonstrated that MOOC system usage significantly influenced the user satisfaction of MOOC learners. Also, the learner experience positively influenced MOOC system usage and satisfaction. However, it was observed that system quality influenced satisfaction but did not impact usage, and information quality had no impact on system use and satisfaction. Although the study has limited generalizability, the findings will help the MOOC platform providers, facilitators, and other stakeholders to design and implement the MOOCs in such a way to enhance their success and effectiveness.