bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Esquemas de garantía pública para créditos bancarios en tiempos de COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Bolzico Javier , Prats Cabrera Joan Oriol
Published: April 2022

Esta publicación presenta el análisis y conclusiones de un estudio sobre esquemas de garantía pública en tiempos de COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Para mitigar los efectos económicos de la pandemia y con el objetivo de facilitar el acceso de empresas y personas a la financiación bancaria, los gobiernos han utilizado principalmente dos instrumentos: los programas de moratorias o refinanciación de deudas bancarias, que han recibido mucha atención, y los esquemas de garantías estatales, que han recibido menos. La creación y funcionamiento de los fondos de garantía estatal implicaron un esfuerzo fiscal, que pudo haber generado un impacto en las cuentas públicas por dos vías: los aportes directos que realizaron los tesoros a los fondos de garantía y la contingencia fiscal de las garantías otorgadas por los fondos. En la publicación se describen y analizan en forma comparativa los esquemas de garantía pública en siete países objeto del estudio (Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Perú, República Dominicana y Uruguay), se identifican lecciones aprendidas y propuestas para mejorar los esquemas de garantía pública, y se presenta una metodología a través de la cual se estima el posible impacto fiscal de los fondos de garantías estatales.
A Roadmap for Digitalization of Tax Systems: Lessons from Korea
Authors: Kim Jae-Jin , Kim Hyoeun , Kim Sewon , Reyes-Tagle Gerardo
Published: April 2022

This publication reviews the history of digitalization of tax administration in Korea dating back to the 1990s and shares the countrys experience and know-how in building an efficient e-taxation architecture. Its main emphasis is on how the Korean government managed to make the best use of a wide range of taxpayer information efficiently and securely. It highlights information security and presents three case studies of an institutional framework for using third-party data: tax schemes for credit card usage, a cash receipt system, and e-invoicing. It then lays out a range of policy implications for consideration by tax authorities in the Latin American and Caribbean region.
Analysis of the Basic Design Parameters of a Small Upper Stage
Authors: Malykh D.A. , Peshkov R.A. , Shalashov M.A.
Published: April 2022

The contemporary space market is in need of small upper stages for performing operations for the delivery of small spacecraft to a working orbit and for solving other problems of interorbital operations. Based on materials that are publicly available, an overview of upper stages of spacecraft is given, including the concepts of small upper stages that are under study. An analysis of the design parameters of a small upper stage was carried out, the tasks of which are to deliver a payload of 500 kg to a geostationary orbit from a low Earth orbit, refuel and return to low Earth orbit. The obtained results are compared with the parameters of the operating upper stages. The design and development of small upper stages is at the development stage and is a promising area of research. The application of a reusable upper stage will allow it to be returned to Earth employing reusable launch vehicles.
Gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims), su potencial para exportación, su matriz y su firma de maduración: una revisión
Authors: De-Armas-Acosta Ricardo Joaquín , Martín Gómez Pedro Fernando , Rangel Díaz Jorge Eliecer
Published: April 2022

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre la fruta Gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims) en los tres temas que se indican a continuación. Primero sobre los estudios científicos relacionados con la exportación de estas frutas desde los municipios o zonas productoras del país hacia mercados internacionales; mismos que muestran el potencial de este negocio agrario. Segundo sobre los estudios científicos relacionados con los procesos y los cambios que se producen en estas frutas durante la etapa de maduración como, por ejemplo, el cambio en la coloración del exterior de su epidermis y en las variables de maduración (físicas, químicas, componentes volátiles, contenidos nutricionales e intensidades respiratorias entre otras); estudios que permiten conservar y prolongar su vida útil durante las exportaciones. Tercero sobre los estudios científicos relacionados con la matriz de maduración, la firma de maduración de estas frutas y su relación con las exportaciones; conceptos que permiten el desarrollo de herramientas de asistencia para los productores de frutas como, por ejemplo, aplicativos para determinar su estado de maduración durante la cosecha. Se espera que esta información recopilada, organizada y analizada en este trabajo sea de interés y de valor para la comunidad interesada tanto en los negocios agrarios de exportación de gulupas como en la investigación de dichos agroecosistemas productores de estas frutas.
Methyl Jasmonate Elicited Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench Cell Suspensions, A Promising Source of Extracts with Allelopathic Activity?
Authors: Lorène Gourguillon
Published: April 2022

Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench cell suspensions were analyzed by LC-ESI-QTOF, which highlighted the predominance of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA). Elicitation of H. stoechas cells with methyl jasmonate (200 mM) led to a massive rise in 3,5-diCQA, up to 5-fold-increase compared with control, reaching the concentration of 10.2 mg. g-1dry weight after 14 days of culture. Previous data showed that diCQA isomers are potent allelopathic compounds, thus the methanolic extracts of control and MeJa-elicited H. stoechas cells were tested for their phytotoxicity. With this in mind, activity on the seed germination and seedling growth of the model plant Lepidium sativum were tested. Phytotoxicity of both extracts occurred in a dose-dependent manner, with a greater activity of elicited cells extract. Indeed, in the concentration range from 0.31 to 0.83 mg. mL-1, the latter showed a significantly higher inhibition rate of L. sativum seedlings root growth, when compared to control cells extract. The data presented may contribute to explore new strategies towards the conception of bioherbicides from plant origin. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of the use of elicited plant cells grown in vitro as a raw material for the production of allelopathic metabolites.
Editorial
Authors: Acle Tomasini Guadalupe
Published: April 2022

La importancia y el interés de fomentar un espacio académico que permita a investigadores y docentes de educación superior llevar a cabo un debate acerca de los diversos retos que enfrenta la enseñanza universitaria y la educación superior se refleja en algunos de los artículos que conforman este número, en el que precisamente se logró la colaboración de la Revista Digital de Docencia Universitaria con la Red Mexicana de Investigación Educativa del Sistema Mexicano de Investigación en Psicología.
La NIA 315 (Identificación y valoración de los riesgos de incorrección material mediante el conocimiento de la entidad y de su entorno) y su impacto financiero en el proceso de cobranzas de las compañías de Seguros de Salud, en el distrito de San Isidro, en el año 2018
Authors:   , Santillán Muñoz Karen Esther , Zurita Becerra Susan Jessica
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad medir el impacto financiero de la aplicación de las definiciones establecidas de la NIA 315 (Identificación y valoración de los riesgos de incorrección material mediante el conocimiento de la entidad y de su entorno), en el proceso de cobranzas de las compañías de Seguros de Salud, en el distrito de San Isidro, en el año 2018. Durante el transcurso del presente trabajo, se ha aplicado una investigación mixta (cualitativa y cuantitativa). Asimismo, para el desarrollo de la metodología cualitativa se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad a especialistas sobre el tema, y para el desarrollo de la metodología cuantitativa se realizaron encuestas basadas en escalas de Likert y análisis de casos relacionados como complemento y refuerzo hacia nuestro tema. Con respecto a la validación de la hipótesis general y específica, se realizaron trabajos de campo, realizando encuestas dentro de las empresas del sector seguros de salud (EPS), localizadas en el distrito de San isidro; además, se tuvo que contactar y entrevistar a expertos. Finalmente, se desarrolló y aplicó un caso práctico para evaluar el impacto financiero del presente trabajo. Con los resultados obtenidos se llegó a la conclusión de que el procedimiento de la NIA 315 (Identificación y valoración de los riesgos de incorrección material mediante el conocimiento de la entidad y de su entorno), genera un impacto financiero positivo en el proceso de cobranzas.
Ansiedad por COVID - 19 y Salud Mental en Estudiantes Universitarios de las ciudades de Trujillo y Chimbote
Authors:   , Vivanco Vidal Andrea Paola
Published: April 2022

El COVID – 19 ha perjudicado la salud mental de las personas a nivel mundial. En el Perú, un ámbito gravemente afectado por la pandemia es el sector educativo. Por esa razón, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación entre ansiedad por Covid - 19 y salud mental. Asimismo, tiene como objetivos específicos: Comparar la ansiedad por Covid - 19 y salud mental en función a variables sociodemográficas: edad, sexo, convivencia familiar, situación laboral, diagnóstico de COVID-19 en sus familiares, amigos y en ellos mismos, diagnóstico y tratamiento contra la ansiedad, y, tiempo pensando, viendo o escuchando información sobre el COVID-19. Los participantes fueron 356 estudiantes universitarios (227 mujeres y 129 hombres, Medad = 22.36 años, DE = 2.46) a quienes se les aplicó el Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) en español y el Mental Health Inventory-5 ((MHI) a fines de Mayo e inicios de Junio de 2020 mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Los resultados muestran que existe una correlación negativa y estadísticamente significativa entre la ansiedad por COVID – 19 y la salud mental (r = -,544; p ≤ 0.01). Asimismo, respecto a las comparaciones realizadas se evidencian diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función a las variables sociodemográficas previamente mencionadas. El estudio confirma que a mayor ansiedad por COVID – 19 menor salud mental en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios peruanos.
ADVERBIAL PARTICIPLE CONSTRUCTIONS IN THE KOMI LANGUAGE
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Nekrasova O.I.
Published: April 2022

The work presented to the readers is devoted to the description of the syntactic properties of the Komi adverbial participle, its functions, connections and relationships in the sentence and in the context. Special attention is paid to the uniqueness of syntactic relations of adverbial constructions in a sentence, the specifics of the functioning of constructions in the Komi language. The material of both varieties of the Komi language – Komi-Zyryansky and Komi-Permyak literary languages and their dialects is involved in the study in the contrastive aspect. The material of both varieties of the Komi language – Komi-Zyryansky and Komi-Permyak literary languages and their dialects is involved in the study in the contrastive aspect. Archaic, rare and low-frequency constructions for both languages have been identified and described. The monograph is addressed to specialists in the field of Permian and Finno-Ugric linguistics, philologists – students, postgraduates, teachers.
Consequências Fisiopatológicas e Abordagem Anestésica em Doentes Consumidores de Cigarros Eletrónicos e Produtos de Tabaco Aquecido: Revisão Narrativa
Authors: Pereira Daniela , Dos Santos Borrego Andreia , Garcia Alves Ângela
Published: April 2022

Introdução: A implementação de medidas políticas para a cessação tabágica levou à diminuição do consumo de tabaco. Contudo, em contrapartida, tem-se verificado um aumento do consumo de sistemas eletrónicos de administração de nicotina e sistemas eletrónicos sem nicotina, também conhecidos como cigarros eletrónicos, e produtos de tabaco aquecido. O objetivo deste trabalho é rever as implicações fisiopatológicas da utilização destes dispositivos e as suas implicações no peri-operatório.Material e Métodos: A pesquisa na literatura foi efetuada pelos autores, identificando artigos de língua inglesa nas plataformas de pesquisa PubMed e MEDLINE, entre os anos 2007 e 2021, e usando os termos ‘vaping’, ‘electronic nicotine delivery systems’, ‘heated tobacco products’, ‘IQOS’ e ‘anesthesia’. Foram obtidas 654 publicações, tendo sido selecionados as mais pertinentes.Resultados: Existe atualmente pouca informação relativamente às implicações peri-operatórias da utilização dos cigarros eletrónicos e dos produtos de tabaco aquecido. Estes sistemas libertam várias substâncias potencialmente nocivas, incluindo nicotina, com implicações negativas para a saúde dos consumidores. Interferem com o sistema cardiovascular, respiratório e imunológico e apresentam várias interações farmacológicas, com influência na abordagem anestésica. Verifica-se ainda um risco acrescido de lesões causadas por explosão do dispositivo e desenvolvimento de neoplasias. São sugeridas medidas para otimizar a abordagem destes doentes.Conclusão: O conhecimento sobre os potenciais efeitos deletérios da utilização destes dispositivos, assim como as suas implicações peri-operatórias, é fundamental e permite adotar medidas que minimizem riscos e melhorem a evolução destes doentes.
THE UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY FOR MSME AND TOURISM PERFORMERS DURING PANDEMIC IN MENDALA VILLAGE SIRAMPOG BREBES
Authors: Karbana M. Farrij , Fatiatun Fatiatun
Published: April 2022

Economic development during the pandemic is very slow. This article aims to find out various economic sectors that can be further developed through advances in digital technology during the pandemic in Mendala village, Kec. Sirampog. In Mendala village there are many micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that have the characteristics of the products they produce. This is an opportunity for them to develop their business. Advances in technology can help them to be more advanced, but due to limited knowledge, their development has not been seen. In addition to MSME participants, the sector that is most affected by the pandemic is the tourism sector. In Mendala village several tourism places have potential. One way is by utilizing digital technology, such as social media and others. During the pandemic, the number of visitors to each tourism place is greatly reduced. Therefore, by using digital technology, it is hoped that it can attract visitors and can help people in the economic sector.
NATURAL DEAF EDUCATION FOR THE COMMUNITY
Authors: Nugroho Puguh Setyo , Agustinus Agustinus , William William , Siswidiyanto Eko Budi , Rohmah Nur , Faizah Zakiyatul
Published: April 2022

Congenital deafness will impact the quality of life of affected individuals if they do not obtain early detection and intervention. Socialization of congenital deafness is needed, thereby the community can engage in early detection and intervention efforts. Socializing about the early detection and intervention of congenital deafness. Educational activities are carried out with counseling using the lecture method, discussion, and pretest and posttest. The average pretest result was 62.03 (± 11.51) and the posttest average was 88.39 (± 13.41). Based on the comparison between the pretest and posttest results, we found a significant difference (p < 0.0001) statistically. Public knowledge of congenital deafness needs to be improved in order to increase community participation in terms of  early detection and intervention.
SIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING FOR HEALTH STAFF
Authors: Nugroho Puguh Setyo , Purnami Nyilo , Falerina Rosa , Perdana Rizka Fathoni , Rahmadiyanto Yoga , Rakhma Hendra Kurnia , Sumarman Sumarman , Sriati Sriati
Published: April 2022

Effective communication is a pillar of excellent service in the healthcare unit. Communication among health workers, hearing impaired and speech impaired will cause obstacles to services. Sign language skills need to be possessed by health workers in communicating with people who are deaf and speech impaired. Socializing sign language and developing sign language skills for health workers in health services. After participating in the training, health workers are expected to know and have sign language skills. Community service activities in the form of sign language training for health workers in health services are carried out with lectures, quiz, discussions and practice of sign language skills. Activities are carried out through online method. The activity was attended by 1,593 participants. The most participants were midwives (570 participants-35.8%), nurses (518 participants -32.5%) and doctors (191 participants -12%). A total of 1,333 participants (83.7%) experienced communication problems with the hearing impaired and speech impaired. The training was felt to be useful by 1,215 participants (76.3%). The average result of the pre-test quiz was 33.54 (+13.11) and the average post-test quiz was 61.23 (+10.41). Comparison of pre-test and post-test results of hearing health education obtained statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001). The benefits of training activities are felt to be useful and needs to be intensified to improve the quality of services and the quality of life for people who are hearing impaired and speech impaired.
The importance of machine learning in autonomous actions for surgical decision making
Authors: Wagner Martin , Bodenstedt Sebastian , Daum Marie , Schulze Andre , Younis Rayan , Brandenburg Johanna , Kolbinger Fiona R. , Distler Marius , Maier-Hein Lena , Weitz Jürgen , Müller-Stich Beat-Peter , Speidel Stefanie
Published: April 2022

Surgery faces a paradigm shift since it has developed rapidly in recent decades, becoming a high-tech discipline. Increasingly powerful technological developments such as modern operating rooms, featuring digital and interconnected equipment and novel imaging as well as robotic procedures, provide several data sources resulting in a huge potential to improve patient therapy and surgical outcome by means of Surgical Data Science. The emerging field of Surgical Data Science aims to improve the quality of surgery through acquisition, organization, analysis, and modeling of data, in particular using machine learning (ML). An integral part of surgical data science is to analyze the available data along the surgical treatment path and provide a context-aware autonomous action by means of ML methods. Autonomous actions related to surgical decision-making include preoperative decision support, intraoperative assistance functions, as well as robot-assisted actions. The goal is to democratize surgical skills and enhance the collaboration between surgeons and cyber-physical systems by quantifying surgical experience and making it accessible to machines, thereby improving patient therapy and outcome. The article introduces basic ML concepts as enablers for autonomous actions in surgery, highlighting examples for such actions along the surgical treatment path.
Genetic interaction of Thm2 and Thm1 Shapes Postnatal Craniofacial Bone
Authors: Bumann Erin , Hahn Leat Portia , Wang Henry , Hufft-Martinez Brittany , Wang Wei , Tran Pamela
Published: April 2022

Ciliopathies are genetic syndromes that link skeletal dysplasias to dysfunction of primary cilia. Primary cilia are sensory organelles synthesized by intraflagellar transport (IFT) - A and B complexes, which traffic protein cargo along a microtubular core. We have reported that deletion of IFT-A gene, Thm2, together with a null allele of its paralog, Thm1, causes a small skeleton with small mandible or micrognathia in juvenile mice. Using micro-computed tomography, here we quantify the craniofacial defects of Thm2-/-;Thm1aln/- triple allele mutant mice. At postnatal day 14, triple allele mutant mice exhibit micrognathia, maxillary hypoplasia, and a decreased facial angle due to shortened maxilla, premaxilla, and nasal bones, reflecting altered development of facial anterior-posterior elements. In contrast, other ciliopathy-related craniofacial defects, such as cleft lip and/or palate, hypo-/hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, craniosynostosis, and facial asymmetry, were not observed, suggesting development of the facial transverse dimension is intact. Calvarial-derived osteoblasts of triple allele mutant mice showed reduced bone formation in vitro that was ameliorated by Hedgehog agonist, SAG. Together, these data indicate that Thm2 and Thm1 genetically interact to regulate bone formation and sculpting of the postnatal face. The triple allele mutant mice present as a novel model to study craniofacial bone development.
A Bi-Gram Approach for an Exhaustive Arabic Triliteral Roots Lexicon
Authors: Bouzoubaa Karim , Mustafa Ebtihal
Published: April 2022

With the rapid development of science and technology, many new concepts and terms appear, especially in English. Other languages try to express these concepts with words from their own vocabulary. In the specific case of Arabic, there are many ways to find a counterpart for a particular new concept, such as using an existing word to denote the new concept, derivation, and blending. When these methods fail, the new concepts are simply phonetically transliterated. This has the disadvantage that most of the transliterated terms do not conform to the rules of the Arabic language and lead to a distortion of the language. Some modern linguists call for using the generation strategy to translate the new terms into Arabic by using the unused Arabic roots. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a resource that contains all Arabic roots with a categorization of what is used, what is available for use, and what is rejected according to the phonetic system. This work provides a comprehensive lexicon that contains all possible Arabic triliteral roots, determines the status of each root in terms of usage and acceptability, and provides a mechanism for giving preference to roots when there is more than one root that indicates the desired meaning.
Survival Benefit of Tocilizumab in COVID may be Greater in Patients with Higher Measured Interleukin 6 Levels
Authors: Hall James , Salama Maha
Published: April 2022

The interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor blocking antibody tocilizumab was repurposed in the coronavirus pandemic with the intention of blocking the excess inflammatory activation associated with severe disease. We retrospectively evaluated the response to tocilizumab based on measured levels of IL-6 as well as other inflammatory markers. In the sample of 41 patients with measured levels, 16 received tocilizumab. In patients who received tocilizumab, there was a statistically significant relationship between both higher IL-6 levels and measured acute phase reactants with mortality, but not in those who did not. Additionally, an improved mortality after tocilizumab was suggested with those with higher IL-6 measurements, but not in those with lower levels, but this finding failed to achieve statistical significance (p=0.14). Though this study is limited by a small sample size and retrospective design, an association is suggested between higher IL-6 levels and improved mortality after tocilizumab.
A Modified Piecewise Relaxation Method for Singular Initial Value Problems
Authors: Otegbeye Olumuyiwa , Oloniiju Shina , Marewo Gerald
Published: April 2022

In gravitational theory and astrophysical dynamics, singular initial value problems (IVPs) are frequently encountered. Finding the solutions to this class of IVPs can be challenging due to their complex nature. This study strives to circumvent the complexity by proposing a numerical method for solving such problems. The approach proposed in the current research seeks solutions to the IVP by partitioning the domain [0,L] of the problem into two intervals and solving the problem on each domain. The study seeks a closed-form solution to the IVP in the interval containing the singular point. A linearization technique and piecewise partitioning of the domain not containing the singularity are applied to the nonlinear IVP. The resulting linearized differential equation is solved using the Chebyshev spectral collocation method. Some examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Numerical analysis of the solution and residual errors are shown to ascertain convergence and accuracy. The results suggest that the technique gives accurate convergent solutions using a few collocation points.
Phenotypic diversity of B cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C and its association with virus genotype (before and after therapy with direct-acting antivirals)
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Savchenko A.A. ,   Prof. V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Tikhonova E.P. ,   Prof. V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Belenjuk V.D. ,   Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Anisimova A.A. ,   N.S.Karpovich Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict Clinical Emergency Hospital, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Borisov A.G. ,   Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation,   Prof. V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

Objective. To analyze the phenotype of B-lymphocytes in patients with chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) before and after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) depending on the virus genotype. Patients and methods. This open-label clinical and immunological study included 111 HCV patients with a mean age of 43.4 ± 8.6 years who received DAAs: Sofosbuvir (400 mg) and Velpatasvir (100 mg) once a day for 12 weeks. We assessed the phenotypic diversity of B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood of HCV patients during therapy and after its completion depending on the virus genotype. Results. Prior to DAA initiation, HCV patients demonstrated elevated count of CD19+CD5+CD27+ B cells and CD23+ B cells along with a decreased count of CD19+CD5–CD27+ B cells compared to controls. After therapy with DAAs, HCV patients continued to have increased proportion of CD19+CD5+CD27+ cells and reduced proportion of CD19+CD5–CD27+ cells. Conclusion. The pretreatment phenotypic diversity of peripheral B cells in HCV patents did not depend on the HCV genotype and was characterized by increased levels of B1 memory cells and activated B cells of the main subpopulations, along with a decreased level of B2 memory cells. The changes in the count of different B-cell subpopulations after DAA therapy depend on HCV genotype and might be associated with the rate of virus elimination. Key words: B-lymphocytes, immune system, direct-acting antivirals, chronic hepatitis C
Prevalence of HIV/HCV co-infection in pregnant women. Risk factors for perinatal transmission of HIV/HCV
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khamatova A.A. , Mazus A.I. ,   Moscow City Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Infectious Clinical Hospital No 2 of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mazankova L.N. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chebotareva T.A. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vlatskaya Yu.F. ,   Moscow City Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Infectious Clinical Hospital No 2 of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

The review provides up-to-date statistical data on the prevalence, transmission routes, and risks of perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus, immunodeficiency virus, and variants of their co-infections from mother to child. The increase in the number of HIV/HCV co-infected women of reproductive age makes it urgent to develop a strategy for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV/HCV co-infection based on the treatment of viral hepatitis C during pregnancy planning and three-stage prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV infection at the onset of pregnancy. Key words: HIV infection, chronic viral hepatitis C, HIV/HCV co-infection, perinatal HIV transmission, perinatal transmission of viral hepatitis C infection, risks of perinatal HIV transmission, risks of perinatal hepatitis C virus transmission, risk factors for perinatal HIV/HCV co-infection transmission
Sustainable harmful algal bloom mitigation by 3D printed photocatalytic oxidation devices (3D-PODs)
Authors: Kennedy Alan , McQueen Andrew , Ballentine Mark , Fernando Brianna , May Lauren , Boyda Jonna , Williams Christopher , Bortner Michael
Published: April 2022

The impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB), often caused by cyanobacteria (Figure 1), on water resources are increasing. Innovative solutions for treatment of HABs and their associated toxins are needed to mitigate these impacts and decrease risks without introducing persistent legacy contaminants that cause collateral ecosystem impacts. This technical note (TN) identifies novel opportunities enabled by Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, to produce high surface area advanced material composites to rapidly prototype sustainable environmental solutions for aquatic nuisance species control. This innovative research explores deployment of 3D-printable polymer composite structures containing nano-scale photocatalysts for targeted open water treatment of HABs that are customizable to the site-of-concern and also retrievable, reusable, and sustainable. The approach developed to control cyanobacteria HAB events has the potential to augment or replace broadcast, non-specific chemical controls that otherwise put non-target species and ecological resources at long-term risk. It can also augment existing UV-treatment HAB treatment control measures. The expected research outcome is a novel, effective, and sustainable HAB management tool for the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and resource managers to deploy in their HAB rapid response programs. The research will provide a framework for scale-up into other manufacturing methods (e.g., injection molding) to produce the devices in bulk (quickly and efficiently). Research for this project title “Mitigation of Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins using 3D Printed Photocatalytic Materials (FY21-23)” was sponsored by the US Army Engineer Research Development Center’s (ERDC) Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program (ANSRP).
Design rationalization of the scraper conveyor section by means of an automated method of strength characteristics analysis
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, ZHUKOV Ivan , GOLIKOV Nikolay ,   Saint-Petersburg Mining University, MARTYUSHEV Nikita ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: April 2022

Purpose. The article is devoted to the approbation of a computational methodology for analyzing the strength characteristics of a section of a scraper conveyor, taking into account the external impact on the section from elements of a mine treatment complex used in coal mining. Elimination of structural defects of the section is carried out, as a rule, by simple means of increasing the size of its elements. The presence of a generalized technique for analyzing the strength of the conveyor section ensures a rational choice of materials and geometric elements of the section at the design stage. Methods.The developed method of analysis of the stress-strain state of the section of the scraper conveyor is based on the application of the method of finished elements, which is the basis of automated systems of engineering calculations. The created design model of the section makes it possible to determine the strength characteristics of the structure depending on the operating conditions and the external system of forces caused by the interaction of the section with other elements of the mining treatment complex. Results. Based on the results of the conducted research, a plan has been drawn up to optimize the design of the conveyor section, the implementation of which ensures an increase in structural strength and, consequently, an extension of the service life of the conveyor. The obtained results of computer calculations are quite correlated with production data on the assessment of the failure of conveyor sections as a result of the destruction of structural elements. Conclusions. The developed computer model of the section of the scraper conveyor, when implementing the proposed methodology for analyzing the strength characteristics of the structure, ensures the selection of rational geometrically and technological parameters of the section at the design stage.
Promising direction of Sadon ‘s potential recovery (RNO-Alania)
Authors:   Geophysical Institute of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GOLIK Vladimir
Published: April 2022

The restoration of the former potential of the deposits of the Sadonsky ore node depends on the success of extracting metals from poor ores and leaching waste with environmental improvement. The modernization of technology for the development of existing reserves of deposits is carried out on the basis of the results of the performed research. Report. The relevance of the work is explained by the need to restore the industrial potential of a large location lost during the crisis. The purpose of the work. Substantiation of the possibility of resuscitation of the lost potential of mining enterprises based on the use of substandard raw materials for the production of metals and commercial products. Research methods: systematization, generalization and analysis of theoretical and experimental studies performed at the fields under consideration. Results. The concept of environmental protection and resource-saving technology for the development of deposits of the Sadonsky ore belt has been formed. The results of the study of ways to optimize the technology of development of rock ore deposits are given. The fundamentals of a combined technology for the development of substandard reserves with an increase in the completeness of the use of mineral resources on a scientific basis are formulated. Recommendations are given for the design of technologies for underground mining of ore deposits of the type under consideration, optimized according to the criteria determined by modeling. An assessment of the resource potential of mining and metallurgical waste and recommendations for the development of the best available technologies for activating the components of concrete mixtures for the manufacture of goods is given. The results of the study of the processes of extraction of metals from ores and man-made raw materials, including using mechanochemical technology of extraction of metals in a disintegrator and combined technologies of processing of non-conditioned ores and waste of their enrichment are presented.
Agroecological condition assessment of agricultural landscapes for their sustainability increase
Authors:   Altai State University, TATARINTSEV Vladimir , TATARINTSEV Leonid ,   Altai State Agrarian University, ERMEKOV Farabi ,   Kazakh Agro Technical University, LISOVSKAYA Yulia ,   Altai State University
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Agricultural land use organized in the dry steppe Kulunda of Altai Krai, with an area of more than 1,8 million hectares, is unsustainable. This is due to many factors, but the main ones are agro-climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation), as well as anthropogenic elements of landscapes, as a result of the joint manifestation of which erosion processes develop. The purpose of the study: to conduct a multicomponent analysis of agricultural lands in the dry steppe Kulunda Altai Krai to optimize their agro- and geo-ecological state, as well as increase the sustainability of agricultural landscapes. Research methods: a systematic approach and a comparative geographical method used in the processing of materials characterizing the qualitative and quantitative indicators of agricultural landscapes and the analysis of zonal physical and geographical characteristics of the territory. Relationships and mutual influences within anthropogenic landscapes have been studied using the ecological-landscape approach. Research results. Over a thirty-year period of monitoring the heat and moisture supply of the territory, it was found that only 1-2 years per decade are optimal for growing crops (spring wheat), and agricultural land prevails in the structure of the land fund (seven municipal districts), and their share varies from 47 % to 96 % in Uglovsky and Tabunsky districts, respectively. Examining the structure of sown areas and crop rotations, it was found that arable land is the most common agricultural land, it accounts for more than 70 %, pastures – almost 20 %, hayfields and fallow lands – 8,5 %, perennial plantations – only 0,04%. It was determined that cultivated crop rotations lead to degradation of the soil cover, which occurs due to active dehumification – the loss of humus reserves in the process of deflation and active mineralization on fallows and fields with tilled crops. It was calculated that the rate of humus loss on an area of one hectare is 0,24 tons per year. Conclusion. The calculations made show that the coefficient of environmental stability is much lower than the threshold, and a relatively high indicator of environmental stability in the Mikhailovsky and Uglovsky districts was achieved due to the tape forest and salt lakes located on their territory, which do not have a positive impact on the sustainability of agricultural areas. Improving the sustainability of agricultural land use is possible with the organization of a grass field system by changing the structure of sown areas and crop rotations.
Development of technology for slags integrated processing at Zlatoust steel mill
Authors:   Magnitogorsk  State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov, SHAVAKYLEVA Olga , SEDINKINA Natalia ,   Magnitogorsk  State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov, GMYZINA Natalia ,   Magnitogorsk  State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov, KOSAREV Leonid ,   North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov in Neryungri
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Currently, many metallurgical companies in Russia are experiencing difficulties with the supply of raw materials. One of the solutions to this problem is the involvement in the reuse of secondary resources that are formed in metallurgical processing. So there are more than 15 million tons of them on the territory of Zlatoust steel Mill. The development of metallurgical slag processing technology will partially solve the problem of the company’s own raw material base. Methodology. To develop an effective technology for complex processing of metallurgical slags of Zlatoust steel Mill four samples were taken from various sections of slag dumps. Research results and discussion. The work studied the chemical and mineralogical composition of samples, conducted studies on the enrichment of slags. To study the enrichment of metallurgical slags by the magnetic enrichment method, studies have been carried out, including separation of material with a size of -100 +40 mm on a drum separator and material with a size of -40+0 mm on a separator in a suspended state. The results show that products made of a material with a size of -100+40 mm meet the requirements for direct use in blast furnace production. and products obtained from a size class of -40+0 mm meet the requirements of agglomeration production. The chemical analysis of the obtained products after magnetic separation in a suspended state indicates significant nickel content in the magnetic separation tails of the sample with a size of -40+0 mm. The study of the microstructure of the sample showed that the size of nickel inclusions is on average 1 mm. In this work studies have been carried out on the grinding of tails to a size of less than 1 mm and enrichment on gravity apparatuses. Studies comparing the results of metallurgical slag enrichment on a concentration table and a centrifugal concentrator have shown significantly higher efficiency of slag separation on a centrifugal concentrator. Conclusions. The obtained results on the enrichment of metallurgical slags ofZlatoust steel Mill allows us to recommend a comprehensive processing technology. As a result of enrichment the following products are obtained: magnetic product 1 with a mass fraction of iron 88.4% when extracting 35.2%. magnetic product 2 with a mass fraction of iron 42.7% when extracting 12.4% and nickel-containing concentrate with a mass fraction of nickel 4.85% when extracting 67.9%.
Improved Amott Cell Procedure for Predictive Modeling of Oil Recovery Dynamics from Mixed-Wet Carbonates
Authors: Kaprielova Ksenia , Yutkin Maxim , Gmira Ahmed , Ayirala Subhash , Radke Clayton , Patzek Tadeusz W.
Published: April 2022

Spontaneous counter-current imbibition in Amott cell experiments is a convenient laboratory method of studying oil recovery from oil-saturated rock samples in secondary or tertiary oil recovery by waterflood of adjustable composition. Classical Amott cell experiment estimates ultimate oil recovery. It is not designed, however, for studying the dynamics of oil recovery. In this work we identify a flaw in the classical Amott cell imbibition experiments that hinders the development of predictive recovery models for mixed-wet carbonates. We revise the standard Amott procedure in order to produce smoother experimental production curves, which then can be described by a mathematical model more accurately. We apply Generalized Extreme Value distribution to model the cumulative oil production. We start with the Amott imbibition experiments and scaling analysis for Indiana limestone core plugs saturated with mineral oil. The knowledge gained from this study will allow us to develop a predictive model of water-oil displacement for reservoir carbonate rock and crude oil recovery systems.
Diversities in the Place of Delivery Choice: A study among expectant Mothers in Ghana
Authors: Baba Mahama Ibrahim , Kyei Kofi Adesi , Kyei Justina Baaba , Daniels Joseph , Biney Isaac Justice Kobina , Oswald John , Tschida Patrick , Brunet Michael
Published: April 2022

Background: In this study, the factors that influence the choice of place of delivery among expectant mothers in both rural and urban settings in the northern part of Ghana were identified and compared using the conceptual framework provided by Thaddeus and Maine.Methods: A mixed-method study was used to examine expectant mothers and their responses related to factors that affect their choice of place of delivery through a concurrent triangulation using health professional interviews and a detailed participant survey. The sample consisted of 552 expectant mothers between the ages of 15 and 49 years. Individual interviews were held with 8 health professionals and a focus group discussion with randomly selected pregnant women and lactating mothers. Themes were generated through open coding of the interview data, while multiple regression was performed to identify the factors associated with choice of place of delivery, rural area.Results: Preference (60.1%) was for home delivery compared to 20.7% for urban participants.Statistically significant variables affecting the choice of place of delivery among study participants were found to be educational background, the experience of previous deliveries, the attitude of hospital staff toward pregnant women during labor, and frequency of accessing antenatal careConclusion: The study’s implications may lead to positive change where stakeholders develop and implement policies to promote health facility delivery for expectant mothers in Ghana.
Improving the efficiency of CIGS solar cells by inserting a BSF µc-Si:H layer
Authors: rafik zouache , Bouchama Idris , djedoui layachi , Zaidi Elyazid
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we present a simulation study of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) based solar cell using 2DSILVACO Atlas simulator under AM1.5G illumination spectrum and standard temperature of 300K. The effects of CIGS absorber layer parameters such as CIGS absorber thickness, the doping and the defects concentrations are studied numerically to improve the performance of CIGS cell. The obtained efficiency of the conventional cell is 23.39% with optimal CIGS absorber layer thickness of about 5 μm. In order to improve the efficiency of the solar cells, a back surface field (BSF) based on hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon μc-Si:H(p + ) layer has been inserted between the back contact (Mo) and the CIGS absorber layer. The obtained results show that the efficiency of CIGS solar cells is increased by the insertion of μc-Si:H(p + ) BSF layer. The proposed cell was found to give an efficiency of 23.42% using only an optimal CIGS thickness of about 1.5 μm and 10 nm for μc-Si:H(p + ) BSF layer.
Clinical implication of vancomycin TDM in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer requiring mechanical ventilation: A propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaowu , Wu Yulin , Wang Donghao
Published: April 2022

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin is widely recommended for clinical treatment. The purpose of this study was designed to investigate the clinical implication of vancomycin TDM in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer requiring mechanical ventilation.Methods: We included 78 patients who underwent surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. And all the patients included in this study were 18 years of age or older and were treated with intravenous vancomycin therapy for more than 2 days due to documented or suspected gram-positive bacterial infections, and have at least one available vancomycin plasma concentration. Based on whether the initial vancomycin concentration achieved the target trough concentration, the patients were divided into early and delayed groups and the clinical factors were compared between two groups.Results: The research revealed that the patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer had significantly lower initial vancomycin trough concentrations (median [IQR]: 6.90[5.28-11.20] mg/L). The duration of mechanical ventilation in early group was considerably shorter compared with delayed group (χ2=4.532; p < 0.05; Fig 2E). Propensity score weighting further confirmed that the duration of mechanical ventilation (χ2=6.607; p < 0.05; Fig 2F) and duration of vasoactive agent (χ2=6.106; p < 0.05; Fig 2D) was considerably shorter compared with delayed group. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the Cys-C was the most important variable for vancomycin target trough achievement (odds ratio, 5.274; 95% CI, 1.780 to 15.627; p=0.003)Conclusions: The serum initial trough concentration of vancomycin was significantly reduced in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. Minimizing the time to initial vancomycin target trough can improve clinical outcomes in Gram-positive bacterial infections. The Cystatin C (Cys-C) level is a potentially valuable parameter for predicting the vancomycin concentration and Cys-C inclusive dosing model is warranted.