bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediksi Resistensi Udang Vaname (Litopenaus vannamei) terhadap Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) dari Tambak Intensif dan Semi Intensif Jepara Menggunakan Marka RAPD
Authors: Mulyadi Muhammad , Handayani Christina Ratna , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti , Budiharjo Anto
Published: January 2019

Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Infectious Virus (IHHNV) is the most important DNA virus which can lead to Runt Deformity Syndrome (RDS) in vaname shrimp. The RAPD technique can be used to determine the resistance of a species to a disease. This research aimed to screen and identify RAPD markers which could distinguish the resistance of vaname shrimp to IHHNV reared at intensive and semi-intensive pond. The DNA template was amplified by PCR using 5 primers : OPA 06, OPA 08, OPA 19, OPD-02 and OPZ-15. The results showed that only the primer OPA-19 and OPZ-15 were able to produce 100% polymorphic bands with sizes from 400-1700 bp as well as showing the resistance IHHNV in vaname shrimp. Based on these results, vaname shrimp which reared at the intensive pond were more resistant to IHHNV compared with the semi-intensive pond.   Key words: RAPD, shrimp vaname, IHHNV, intensive & semi-intensive pond
Perbedaan Kualitas Lahan Apel Sistem Pertanian Intensif dengan Sistem Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan (Studi Kasus Di Kelompok Tani Makmur Abadi Desa Tulungrejo Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu)
Authors: Indahwati Retno , Hendrarto Ign Budi , Izzati Munifatul
Published: January 2019

The aim of this research to analyze the difference of apple farm quality the influence of  intensification of agriculture system with environmentally-friendly of agriculture system. A descriptive field research was conducted in June until August 2012. The soil samples were taken in each location by using disturb sample method. The Arthropods sample were taken every five days for five time by using pitfall trap method with five transek in each location.The research applied a  qualitative and quantitative-descriptive. The farm quality were comparison soil quality analyze and  compositions of ground Arthropods. The composition of ground Arthropods were analyzed using Important Value Index and the diversities were analyzed by using Shannon Wiener Index. The result showed that farm quality with environmentally-friendly of agriculture system was better than intensification of agriculture system. The ground Arthropods collected at 150 pitfall trap in environmentally-friendly of agriculture system were 15.079 individual while those in intensification of agriculture system were 9.461 individual. Based on Important Value Index (40,83-64,31), Collembolla ordo Entomobryidae family dominated in each location. Based on Shannon Wiener Index that diversity of ground Arthropods in intensification of agriculture system (H’= 1,58-2,04) was greater than environmentally-friendly of agriculture system (H’= 1,56- 1,99), but both of them at medium criteria.   Keywords : farm quality, agriculture system, Arthropods composition
Biokonsentrasi Faktor Logam Berat Pb, Cd, Cr dan Cu pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.) di Karamba Danau Rawa Pening
Authors: Hidayah Anny Miftakhul , Purwanto Purwanto , Soeprobowati Tri Retnaningsih
Published: January 2019

Lake Rawapening has potential as an aquaculture development especially for caged aquaculture activities. Water quality is one of the important requirements in aquaculture bussiness sustainability and safe fish production for human consumption. Previous researches showed that the cage regions of Lake Rawapening have decreased its water quality in the presence of heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu in water, sediment and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.). This research aimed to determine the value of bio-concentration factors of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.) which is cultured in cages Lake Rawapening and maximum daily consumption of tilapia that  is safe for human consumption. Sampling was done by purposive random sampling at three cages stations. The results showed that the highest BCF values of heavy metals in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.) was on Cu 146-172, while the lowest metal on Cd metal 1.25-2. According to the category of the BCF rate, Cu was categorized as moderately accumulated, whereas Pb, Cd, and Cr were categorized as low accumulated.  so that farmed tilapia cages are suitable for consumption. Daily consumption of farmed tilapia in Lake Rawapening was maximum 1,4 kg/day Keywords: Lake Rawapening, heavy metals, tilapia, BCF .
Karakterisasi Genetik Fragmen Gen Penyandi RNA Polimerase Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) yang Menginfeksi Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone.) dari Lampung, Gresik dan Pontianak
Authors: Sudjito Yason Lukman , Handayani Christina Retna , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti , Budiharjo Anto
Published: January 2019

A massive death of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone.) due to Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) infection has occurred in Indonesia recently and still cannot be eradicated efficiently. The fast reproduction of IMNV depends on the RdRp gene that encodes for RNA polymerase. Genetic characterization of IMNV RdRp gene from Indonesia is important in order to compare with other IMNV to find out genetic variation as a base for combating this virus. IMNV-infected vannamei were taken from major aquaculture region in Indonesia (Lampung, Gresik and Pontianak). RNA polymerase coding genes (12 and 13 region) from infected vannamei were amplified using RT-PCR with appropriate primer. Amplification products were sequenced and the results were analyzed using BioEdit 7.1.3.0, ClustalW2, CLC free workbench 6.6.2. and ClustalX programs. Results showed that homology value of IMNV RdRp gene  from Lampung and Gresik were 98,04-9958% compared with IMNV from Brazil (Acc. No. AY570982). Amino acid analysis revealed homology value of IMNV RdRp gene  from Lampung  and Gresik were 100% and 99.04% compared with IMNV from Brasil. IMNV RdRp gene  from Pontianak cannot be analysed due to low quality of RNA.   Key words: vannamei, IMNV, RdRp, genetic characterization
Keanekaragaman Marchantiophyta Epifit Zona Montana di Kawasan Gunung Ungaran, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Aristria Desy , Perwati Lilih Khotim , Wiryani Erry
Published: January 2019

Bryophytes consisting of three division, there are Bryophyta (mosses), Marchantiophyta (liverworts) dan Anthocerotophyta (hornworts). Marchantiophyta are divided in two types, leafy liverworts and thallose liverworts. Mount Ungaran which has many diversity of Bryophytes but research about Bryophytes in this area are sparse. The aim of this research was to observe diversity of Marchantiophyta on tree trunks in montane zone (altitudes 1300 to 2050 meters above sea level). Sampling was conducted in April and May 2012 at three different altitudes ( 1355, 1660, and 2040 meters above sea level). Identification of Bryophytes was carried out at Laboratorium of Ecology and Biosistematics, Department Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia. The results shown there are 9 families with 26 species belonging to the division Marchantiophyta.   Keywords: Epiphytic Marchantiophyta, Mount Ungaran, diversity, montana zone.
Struktur Komunitas Mikroartropoda Bryofauna Terestrial Di Zona Tropik Gunung Ungaran, Semarang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Munarsih Atik , Rahadian Rully , Hadi Mochamad
Published: January 2019

Bryofauna is all of the animal life which associated with moss. Actually, biodiversity of bryofauna have not been studied much in Indonesia. Research on community structure of terrestrial microarthropod bryofauna has been done in three different altitudes in the tropical zone of the Ungaran Mountain, Semarang, Central Java. The objective of this study is to compare community structure of bryofauna contained in three different altitudes in the tropical zone. The research was conducted from April to November 2012. Sampling was carried out at 3 stations with the different heights that are the station I with an altitude 750 m asl, the altitude of the station II with an altitude 980 m asl and the station III with an altitude of 1100 m asl. Sampling was done purposively using square plot method. Bryofauna identification was conducted in Ecology and Biosistematics Laboratory University of Diponegoro and Entomologi Laboratory of Zoology Departement Indonesian Institute of Sciences. The results shows that the tropical zone have5 classes, 16 orders and 31 suborders/family of bryofauna. Mesostigmata and Oribatida was the dominant taxa at all heights except at an altitude of 980 m asl, Oribatida was categorized as subdominant. Diversity of bryofauna at different heights shows that decreasing diversity patterns, along with the increasing altitude. In general, the distribution of bryofauna at different heights is quite spread evenly with the flattening index values ​​betweens 0.84 to 0.94. Bryofauna taxsa richness and diversity of bryophytes at different heights in the tropical zone showed the same pattern fluctuated. Taxa group which play a role as predator are taxa that the most abundant in the tropical zone of the Ungaran Mount.   Keywords:Bryofauna terrestrial, bryophytes, Ungaran mount, community structure
Potensi Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck Dalam Remediasi Logam Berat Cd Dan Pb Skala Laboratorium.
Authors: Purnamawat Florensia Setyaningsih , Soeprobowati Tri Retnaningsih , Izzati Munifatul
Published: January 2019

Salah satu dampak negatif modernisasi dan industrialisasi adalah pencemaran lingkungan. Perairan merupakan salah satu lingkungan yang paling terbebani bahan pencemar karena banyaknya limbah rumah tangga maupun industri yang akhirnya masuk ke lingkungan perairan. Salah satu bahan pencemar perairan yang paling membahayakan adalah logam berat karena bersifat non-biodegradable. Oleh karena itu perlu upaya penanganan maupun pencegahan terhadap bahan pencemar tersebut. Pengolahan limbah secara fisiko-kimiawi dinilai mahal, menurunkan biodiversitas, banyak lumpur yang dihasilkan, dan kurang efektif pada konsentrasi logam di bawah 50 mg/l. Bioremediasi merupakan salah satu metode perbaikan lingkungan yang lebih ramah lingkungan karena menggunakan agen hayati seperti bakteri, jamur, protista, dan tanaman. Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck merupakan mikroalga bersel satu yang banyak tumbuh di perairan tawar dan laut, telah dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai bahan pakan, suplemen, biofuel dan bioremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi C. vulgaris sebagai agen bioremediasi terhadap cemaran logam berat Cd dan Pb skala laboratorium. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). C. vulgaris ditumbuhkan dalam media kultur yang telah diberi pupuk Walne selama 76 hari. Media kultur ditambah ion logam Cd dan Pb dengan 3 konsentrasi yang berbeda yaitu  1 ppm, 3 ppm, dan 5 ppm, masing-masing 3 kali ulangan. Medium kultur tanpa penambahan logam dianggap sebagai kontrol. Kandungan logam berat dalam medium dan dalam sel C. vulgaris diukur dengan AAS. Hal yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah pola pertumbuhan populasi C. vulgaris, persentase penurunan logam Cd dan Pb oleh C. vulgaris, besarnya akumulasi logam dalam C. vulgaris, serta nilai Bioconcentration Factor (BCF). Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut terbukti bahwa C. vulgaris terbukti mampu menurunkan konsentrasi ion Cd dan Pb dalam perairan. Prosentase penurunan konsentrasi ion Pb dalam media kontrol, 1 ppm, 3 ppm, dan 5 ppm berturut-turut  70%, 80%, 62%, dan 52% sedangkan dalam media Cd pada konsentrasi serupa berturut-turut 67%, 79%, 56%, dan 51%. C.  vulgaris mampu mengakumulasi  Cd lebih besar daripada Pb. Berdasarkan nilai BCF  terhadap  Cd maupun Pb, C. vulgaris tergolong akumulator logam.   Kata kunci : logam berat, bioremediasi, Chlorella vulgaris,  bioakumulasi.
Kemampuan Fusan F1 Dalam Memproduksi Inulinase
Authors: Wijanarka Wijanarka , Soetarto Endang Sutariningsih , Dewi Kumala , Indrianto Ari
Published: January 2019

Fusan F1 was the result of the fusion of the Pichia manshurica and Rhodosporidium paludigenum. The second type of yeast has the ability to produce inulinase.  Inulinase (EC. 3.2.1.7) is an enzyme that is classified as a hydrolase enzyme, this enzyme has the ability to break down complex inulin into simpler components that fructose. Fructose was a monosaccharide with huge potential for the manufacture of butanol, iOS, pullan, FOS and ethanol. The purpose of research to determine the ability fusan F1 in producing inulinase and to determine the specific growth rate (μ), as well as the generation time (g) fusan F1.The results showed that fusan F1 at the 18 thhour was able to produce inulinase of 0.61 mol / min. These results are higher than the parental namely P. manshurica (0.56 mol / min) and Rh. paludigenum (0.33 mol / min). While The specific growth rate (μ) and generation time (g) fusan F1 respecly 0.25 h and 2.7/ h. Keywords: Fusan F1; inulinase; the specific growth; generation time
Produksi Bioetanol Dari Rumput Laut dan Limbah Agar Gracilaria sp. dengan Metode Sakarifikasi Yang Berbeda
Authors: Adini Saniha , Kusdiyantini Endang , Budiharjo Anto
Published: January 2019

The Indonesia needs of Bioethanol were 390.000 kL in 2012, but the local ethanol production only able to cover less than 4% from the needed. The high demand of the bioethanol encourage for another innovation in ethanol production more efficient and effectively. Seaweeds and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. could be useful as substrate for bioethanol production, because of the high amount of polysaccharide, cellulose and galactan type. Unfortunately, this cellulose and galactan had through the saccharification process first, before they can be used as substrates in bioethanol production. This study examined the difference between two saccharification process which are acid hydrolisis using H2SO4 1% and enzymatic process using Aspergillus niger on the use seaweed and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. for bioethanol production. Bioethanol production been conducted for 5 days and in each 24 hour, the sampling for cell number variable, reduction sugar amount variable, and medium fermentation pH variable had been retrieved. The ethanol amount calculation in the last incubation phase conducted using distillate fermentation spesific gravity methode. The highest ethanol was obtained 5,50%  by treatment using seaweed medium with acid hydrolisis. The anova analysis result showed that interaction between medium variable and hydrolisis didn’t have signifficant influence toward ethanol product. It showed that seaweed and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. had same quality and they can be useful as main component of bioethanol production which are hydrolisis by enzymatic or acid hydrolisis.   Key Words :  Gracilaria sp., the residual pulp, saccharification, reducing sugar, ethanol
Lumut Daun Epifit Di Zona Tropik Kawasan Gunung Ungaran, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Mulyani Eka , Perwati Lilih Khotim , Murningsih Murningsih
Published: January 2019

The tropical zone of Mount Ungaran is a tropical forest which are rich in diversity of flora. One of them is Bryophytes. Most of the Bryophytes of tropical forest are epiphytes. The largest group of Bryophytes is mosses (Bryophyta). However, research about epiphytic mosses in this area are sparse, so it is only a few information given about epiphytic mosses in this area. The aim of this research was to identify epiphytic mosses in tropical zone of Mount Ungaran altitudes 750, 980, and 1.100 meters above sea level, and also to determine the frequency attendance of species in this study site. This research was conducted in April through November 2012. Specimens was carried out at Laboratory of Ecology and Biosistematics, Department Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia. The results shown there are 35 species mosses. Diversity of epiphytic moses most commonly found at altitude 1.100 meters above sea level, as many as 17 species, while at altitudes 750 and 980 meters above sea level was found 15 species. Family Hypnaceae is the family with highest number of species (6 species) and has highest total amount of frequency attendance by 16,13%. Hypnum plumaeforme and Luisierella barbula were the species which had wide distribution. Both of them were found at all three altitudes. Species with the highest total amount of frequency attendance is Hylocomium splendens from family Hylocomiaceae with total amount by 9,68%. Key words : epiphytic mosses, Mount Ungaran, tropical zone
Seleksi Primer LCO – HCO, Primer bird-f1 – HCO Dan Primer bch – bcl Untuk Amplifikasi Gen COI DNA Mitokondria Itik Magelang (Anas javanica)
Authors: Setiyawan Sonny Abdi , Budiharjo Anto , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti
Published: January 2019

Magelang duck is a wild type of local duck from Indonesia. The advantagesof Magelangduckcompare tootherlocalduck from Indonesiaareabilityto livein the highlandsandlowlands and high production of egg and meat. Geneticcharacterization of Magelangduck still not available until now.The aim of the research is selectprimers forampliflying COIgeneof mitochondrialDNAof MagelangduckusingLCO-HCO, bird-f1 -HCO, andbcl-bch primers.The research methodwas DNAisolationfrom Magelangduck. Followed by, selection of primer in silicoto find homologywithin COIsequenceusing ClustalX, Genedoc, and FastPCR programs. Amplification of COIgenewas performedusing PCRwith all primerpairs. Result showed partial homology with all primer in COI sequence. TheamplificationusingtheLCO-HCO primer produced  primerdimer.Primerbirdf1-HCOand bch-bcl primers showed no amplification.   Key words: Magelang duck, COI gene, mitochondrial DNA, primer
Efektivitas Tanaman Lemna (Lemna perpusilla Torr) Sebagai Agen Fitoremediasi Pada Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA) Disekitar Tanjungmas Semarang
Authors: U Umarudin , Nur Jumriah , Wulandari Ayu , Izzati Munifatul
Published: January 2019

The port of Tanjung Emas, Semarang as the main port in Central Java that have activity increases pollution impact. Hence the need for special attention and handling by using aquatic plants Lemna perpusilla. The purpose of this research is to know the physical condition of floating around the net keramba Tanjungmas city of Semarang. Designing the application fitoremediasi on floating around the net keramba Tanjungmas city of Semarang and Knowing the prospects of development of fitoremidiasi. This paper uses a case study research methods (case study), which this method has the goal to provide a detailed description of the background, traits and characters typical of cases of water are there in KJA around the Tanjugmas City of Semarang by taking the research object. While this research is the observation and interview is open ended. So that the data obtained indicate that the physical condition of floating around the net keramba Tanjungmas Semarang blackened water greenish colours, smells, and oily. Application design fitoremidiasi by Lemna perpusilla utilize water plants and fish seed banding continued with the observed results. As well as direct application on the KJA in the waters of Tanjung Mas with lemna and seed density setting fish whitefish. Fitoremidiasi development prospects by looking at opportunities to fish bandeng and Lemna perpusilla. Key words: Fitoremediasi, KJA, Fish Bandeng, Lemna perpusilla, Pollution.
Keanekaragaman Makroarthropoda Tanah di Lahan Persawahan Padi Organik dan Anorganik, Desa Bakalrejo Kecamatan Susukan Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Witriyanto Roma , Hadi Mochamad , Rahadian Rully
Published: January 2019

Inorganic paddies system has a negative impact as pests become resistant, environmental pollution and residual hazard. People who are aware of the impact of the application of synthetic chemicals have been applying organic farming. This research aimed to compare the abundance, diversity and dominance of soil macroarthropods  in the organic and inorganic paddies field in Village Bakalrejo, Susukan District of Kabupaten Semarang. Sampling of soil macroarthropods method used pit fall traps . Fifteen pit fall traps were set up in the research area and they were divided into three line whith respective line are 5 pit fall traps. Soil macroarthropods  which has been found were identified up to family taxon. The results of the research shows abundance of soil macroarthropods organic rice in paddy fields higher (297) than in inorganic paddy fields (236). Diversity of soil macroarthropods in every phase of rice growth (vegetative, reproductive, ripening and post-harvest) was higher in organic paddy fields (1,479; 1,644; 1,561; 1,019) than inorganic paddy fields (1.391; 0.595; 1.286; 1.002). Based on the relative abundance index, soil macroarthropods family dominated organic paddy fields in every phase of rice growth (vegetative, reproductive, ripening, and post-harvest) was lower (Gryllidae: 39.4%; Carabidae: 46.7%; Formicidae: 44.1 %; Formicidae: 48.8%) than in the inorganic paddy fields (Carabidae: 35.5%; Carabidae: 57.4%; Formicidae: 56.3%; Formicidae: 77.6%). Key words :  biodiversity, soil macroarthropods, organic farming.
Perkecambahan Biji Dan Pertumbuhan Kecambah Varietas Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Pada Cekaman Krom Heksavalen
Authors: Kasmiyati Sri , S Santosa , Priyambada Irfan Dwidja , Dewi Kumala , Sandradewi Rintawati
Published: January 2019

In contrast to other toxic trace metals, Cr has received little attention. Since valence level of chromium determines its toxicity, chromium is categorized as unique heavy metal. Chromium hexavalent (Cr6+) has the biggest toxicity among other valence levels. Seed germination and seedling growth are sensitive to heavy metal stresses. This research aimed to find out the responses of seed germination and seedling growth of 12 sorghum varieties toward Cr6+. Seed germination and seedling growth experiment was done on 12 sorghum varieties (Badik, UPCA-1, Keris, Keris M3, hegari Genjah, Gambela, Selayer, Sangkur, Mandau, Batari, Kawali, dan Numbu), planted in petridishes with Cr6+ treatment in form of chromate (K2CrO4) and dichromate (K2Cr2O7) compounds with 0, 50 and 500 mg of Cr/l concentration for a week. The parameters measured were the number of seeds germinate each day; the length of radicle and plumule, and fresh and dry weight at the end of experiment. The results showed that higher concentration of Cr6+ both in form of dichromate and chromate, significantly decreased  the length of radicle and plumule, fresh and dry weight, and SVI (seedling vigor index) value. However, index germination (GI) value and percentage of germination of the 12 varieties sorgum significantly increased in the treatment of 50 mg Cr/l Cr6+ in form of dichromate and chromate. The treatment of dichromate compound showed bigger effect than chromate toward variables of seed germination and seedling growth of sorghum. It was noticed that 12 sorghum varieties possessed an integrated complex of adaptation to cope with the range of form of compound and concentration of Cr6+. Based on the responses of seed germination and seedling growth, Kawali, Hegari, Keris, Keris M3, Mandau, and Selayer varieties was more susceptible toward Cr6+ toxicity, and Sangkur, Selayer, Batari, and Numbu was more tolerant than other varieties. Keywords : chromate, dichromate, Sorghum bicolor, seedling, hexavalent chromium
Indeks Keragaman Serangga Hama Pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Di Lahan Persawahan Padi Dataran Tinggi Desa Sukawening, Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Sianipar Martua Suhunan , Djaya Luciana , Santosa Entun , Soesilohadi RC Hidayat , Natawigena W Darajat , Bangun Mey Priandi
Published: January 2019

Kemampuan Indonesia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan beras nasional sangat penting. Akan tetapi, usaha pemenuhan kebutuhan beras ini tidak selamanya berjalan dengan lancar karena terganggunya produktivitas padi. Salah satu penyebab turunnya produktivitas padi di Indonesia karena adanya serangan serangga hama. Beberapa kendala yang menyebabkan gagalnya petani dalam mengendalikan serangga hama karena petani masih belum melakukan identifikasi serangga hama dan gejala serangan dengan baik. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan akhir tahun 2012 ini yang berlokasi di Lahan Persawahan Padi Dataran Tinggi Desa Sukawening, Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat bertujuan meng inventarisasi dan mendapatkan nilai keragaman jenis serangga hama pada tanaman padi. Penangkapan serangga hama yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkap kuning, perangkap jaring dan perangkap cahaya. Hasil penangkapan serangga diidentifikasi di laboratorium. Indeks keragaman serangga dianalisis dengan menggunakan perhitungan Shannon- Weinner. Serangga hama yang dominan diperoleh pada fase vegetative yaitu Scirpophaga incertulas, Thaia oryzivora, dan Orselia oryzae. Serangga hama minor diperoleh yaitu Dicladispa armigera, Leptispa pygmaea, dan Melanitis ledaismene. Serangga hama yang dominan diperoleh pada fase generative yaitu Leptocorisa acuta, Scirpophaga incertulas, dan Thaiaoryzivora. Serangga hama minor diperoleh yaitu Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, dan Cofana spectra. Indeks keragaman serangga hama yang diperoleh pada ketiga lahan percobaan ada diantara sedang hingga tinggi.Pada fase vegetatif indeks keragaman tertinggi sebesar 4,74 pada pengamatan ke 6 dan terendah pada pengamatan ke 1 sebesar 2,22. Pada fase generatif indeks keragaman tertinggi pada pengamatan ke 9 sebesar 4,86 dan terendah pada pengamatan ke 12 sebesar 1,37.   Kata kunci :indeks keragaman, serangga hama, padi, Kabupaten Bandung.
Produksi Dan Ekstraksi Inhibitor Alfa Glukosidase Dari Isolat Aktinomiset Jp-3
Authors: Pujiyanto Sri , Ferniah Rejeki Siti , S Sunarno
Published: January 2019

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are compounds that can prevent the digestion of complex carbohydrates into glucose, so potentially used as a diabetes drug. This study aims to examine the production and extraction of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor compound from Isolate Aktinomiset JP-3 from the sea. The supernatant obtained from the culture of the JP-3 isolate was extracted using various solvents to obtain the active compound. The solvents used were chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate. An assay of inhibitor activity of the α-glucosidase using p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside substrate. The activity of the enzyme is measured based on the absorbance of p-nitrophenol produced from the breaking reaction of the substrate. The results showed that extraction of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor compound with ethyl acetate yielded extract with highest inhibitor activity. Keywords: alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, actinomycetes, diabetes, extraction, fractionation
Allelopathic Effect of Cyperus rotundus L. on Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Glycine max L. cv. Grobogan
Authors: Darmanti Sri , Santosa Santosa , Dewi Kumala , Nugroho L Hartanto
Published: January 2019

Allelopathy is a phenomenon of direct or indirect, beneficial or adverse effects of a plant on its own or another plant through the release of chemicals into the environment. This experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effect of Cyperus rotundus L. (purple nutsedge) tuber aqueous extract on seed germination and initial growth of Glycine max L. (soybean) seedlings. The experiment was performed in completely randomized (CRD) design with five replications, using a range of concentrations of aqueous tuber extracts of nutsedge, i.e.: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The petri dish experiment showed that with increase of the tuber extract concentration, a significant increase was noted in mean germination time (MGT), significant decreases in germination index (GI), growth tolerance index (GTI), wet weight seedling, dry weight seedling and  length of soybean seedling.
Beberapa Aspek Biologi Parasitoid Apantheles sp pada Inangnya, Spodopera litura, Fab. setelah Perlakuan Ekstrak Daun dan Ranting Aglaia odorata (Lour)
Authors: Tarwotjo Udi
Published: January 2019

The objectives of this study were to evaluate effect of leaf and branch extract of the Aglaia odorata against:  emergences of adult Apantheles sp emerged from S. litura larvae, (2) the extract effect to live cycle and reproduction of  Apantheles sp (3) and its effect against the  morphology character some of parasitoid. The metode was used by of leaf-dip method. The leaf and branch effectivity bioassay used by of Ricinus communis leaf . The leaf disk were dipped in the extract solution on six concentration  for 10 s, and air dried. Each leaf disks was placed  six bottles glass and ten larvae were placed in each botlle, each concentration was replicated four time. Data collected  were subjected an anaysis of variance followed by mean comparation based of Duncan´t New Multiple Range Test. The imago Apantheles sp. emerged from host, S.  litura larvae was recorded of live cycle, its reproduction, and morphology character. The result showed that the length of pre adult stage of emerging parasitoids from of S.  litura larvae treated with 85,99 ppm was 45 percent, and with 21,95 ppm was 22,22 percent. The extract toxicity to natural enemies such as parasitoids relatively non toxis. The live cycle of female adult parasitoid was 16,90 and 6,20 days. Reproduction capacity of adult female parasitoids of 85,99 mg/L was 69,4 eggs/adult, which was statistically different from control, whereas of 21,95 treatment, it was 65,40 eggs/adult and its was not significant to control. Key words: Aglaia odorata, Lour, Spodoptera litura,, morphology character, Apanteles sp
Dinamika Struktur Makrobentos sebagai Dasar Pengendalian Wideng (Sesarma sp) Perusak Tanggul Tambak Berbasis Pemanfaatan Sampah Plastik sebagai Penguat di Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Tapak, Tugurejo Semarang
Authors: Hidayat Jafron Wasiq , Muhammad Fuad , Arifin Zaenal
Published: January 2019

Wideng merupakan biota asosiasi hutan mangrove yang sangat penting perannya dalam degradasi serasah mangrove.Wideng mempunyai perilaku membuat lubang pada pematang yang merugikan petani. Sementara pada sisi yang lain, secara fisik hutan  mengrove banyak didapati sampah plastik yang berasal dari hulu. Keberadan sampah sangat mengganggu kehidupan bakau maupun biota asosiasinya, terlebih aktifitas pariwisataPerlu dilakukan pengelolaan untuk mengendalikan wideng di tambak, sekaligus mendorong tercapainya estetika kawasan  mangrove yang mendukung Ekowisata. Tujuan umum penelitian adalah memanfaatkan sampah plastik sebagai penguat tanggul tambak yang tahan pelubangan wideng (Sesarma sp) untuk mendukung ekowisata mangrove. Hal ini dilakukan dengan mengkajiadanya dinamika spasial populasi Sesarma spp dan makrobentos asosiasi dan tingkat kesukaan substrat (pematang) yang diberi alas berbagai bahan.Kajian  observasi dilakukan secara sampling dengan analisis Struktur Komunitas. Adapun kajian pelubangan menggunakan RAL dengan uji lanjut t-test. Hasil sampling makrobentos di jumpai 16 jenis dengan jenis yang umum ditemukan adalah Cerithidea spp, Neries spp dan Sesarma sp.Sesarma sp cenderung mengikuti keberadaan bahan organik, terutama bahan serasah mangrove. Pada perlakuan penguatan pematang menggunakan bahan sampah memperlihatkan pematang yang disisipi bahan serasah cenderung disukai wideng,  diikuti bahan sampah plastik dan bahan plastik lembaran. Secara praktek, petambak sebaiknya memungut sampah untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai penguat dengan menyisipkannya pada lumpur bahan tanggul. Prioritas lokasi yaitu di muara tengah dan depan yang banyak ditemukan wideng dan serasah. Mekanisme pelaksanaan penguatan tanggul dapat difasilitasi oleh kelompok tani. Luaran penelitian disamping tanggul menjadi kuat, tidak menarik bagi wideng, kawasan menjadi bersih, juga tidak perluperlu memotong ranting mangrove untuk digunakan sebagai aran (landasan lumpur).   Kata Kunci :Wideng, perusak tanggul, sampah plastik
Perbandingan Komposisi Tumbuhan Lumut Epifit Pada Hutan Alam, Kebun Kopi dan Kebun Teh di Sepanjang Gradien Ketinggian Gunung Ungaran, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Perwati Lilih Khotim , Rahadian Rully , Baskoro Karyadi
Published: January 2019

Study on the impact of differences in altitude and land use changes was conducted in natural forest, coffee and tea plantations in along altitudinal gradient of Ungaran mountain from 750 to 2040 m a.s.l. The objective of this study were to compare composition of epiphytic bryophytes species in third sites. Epiphytic bryophytes sampling were done in plots 20 x 30 cm were applied on height of tree betwen 0-2 m. A total of 103 species of epiphytics bryophytes were identified, involve 58 species of mosses (Bryophyta Division) and 45 species of liverworts (Marchantiophyta Division). The composition of bryophytes in natural forest is more diverse than in coffee and tea plantations. Lejeunaceae have the highest number of species. There are seven life forms of epiphytic bryophytes in the present study i.e. Turf, Cushion, Mats, Wefts, Dendroid, Pendant  and Fans. The most common is Mats and Turf form, while Pendant and Dendroid form only found in natural forest.   Key words: Bryophytes, epiphytes, altitude, land use changes, life form
Keanekaragaman dan Kemelimpahan Jenis Tumbuhan Invasif di Hutan Wisata Penggaron Kabupaten Semarang Jawa Tengah
Authors: Utami Sri , Murningsih M
Published: January 2019

Forests are ecosystems that have very potential natural resources, including storing high genetic resources. One of the things that threatens the decline of genetic resources in the forest is the presence of invasive species. This study aims to determine the species of invasive plants and their abundance in the Penggaron tourism forest of Ungaran Regency, Central Java. The research method was carried out by exploring the entire forest area through the path. The results of the study showed that 13 species of invasive plants were included in 7 families. The most number of invasive plants from the Poaceae family include 5 species : Axonopus Compressus, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum purpureum, Paspalum conjugatum and Eleusine indica. The highest relative abundance was Eleusine indica and was followed by Synedrella nodiflora, Elephantopus scaber and Paspalum conjugatum. The species of invasive plants, especially the abundant ones, need to be controlled by the population so as not to threaten native plants and cause environmental degradation in Penggaron tourism forests. Key word : Invansive plant, Penggaron tourism forest, genetic resources.
Pengaruh Komposisi Azolla pinnata Pada Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos Forsskal) di Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP) Jepara
Authors: Wicaksono Andy , Muhammad Fuad , Hidayat Jafron Wasiq , Suryanto Damang
Published: January 2019

Milkfish is one of the main commodities in the field of fishery and is known to be the most cultivated. One of the important’s factors to the success of milkfish cultivation is feed availability, both quality and quantity. Feed quality is an important aspect that must be fulfilled because of its relation to nutrients required for the fish growth. Azolla pinnata has a good potential that can be used as an additional ingredient for the fish growth because of its protein-rich content. This study is aimed to examine the effect of Azolla pinnata powder feed on growth of milkfish (length and body weight). This research was conducted in May – July 2017 at Aquatic Animal Health Management Laboratory, Center of Brackish Water Aquaculture of Jepara. The research design used is a Complete Randomized Design (CRD), using five treatments with different concentrations of Azolla pinnata powder, i.e. 0% as control, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. Each treatments consist of three repeatitions. The parameters observed were milkfish growth (length and body weight) and dissolved oxygen (DO). Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method. If the data showing significant differences it will be continued with Least Significance Different (LSD) test. The results showed that the administration of Azolla pinnata powder on the feed significantly influenced the growth (lenght and body weight) of milkfish. The most optimal and efficient feed composition for milkfish growth is done by feeding 40% of Azolla pinnata powder. The overall dissolved oxygen (DO) is still in suitable condition for the cultivation of milkfish. Key Words :  Azolla pinnata, dissolved oxygen, feed nutrition, milkfish
Pengaruh Pemberian Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dan Olive Oil terhadap Mikroanatomi Ren Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Nurasri Riani , Wachidah Yuniwarti Enny Yusuf , Djaelani M Anwar
Published: January 2019

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and olive oil have been widely applied in the field of health. Saturated fatty acid content of VCO dominates the total fatty acid content of about 85%. Olive oil contains a lot of oleic acid, which is one type of unsaturated fatty acid (mono-unsaturated fatty acid). This study aimed to analyze the kidney microanatomy rat (Rattus norvegicus) after supplementation with VCO and olive oil in the feed. This study used 25 rats were divided into five treatment groups, P1 was the control group, P2 was a group with VCO 5 mL / kg feed, P3 was a group with VCO 10 mL / kg of feed, P4 was a group with olive oil 5 mL / kg feed and was a group with olive oil 10 mL / kg of feed. The results of ren weight and diameter rat glomerular analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Research design used was completely randomized design with five treatments and five replication. Results of studies on weight ren showed no significant difference between treatments P2, P3, P4 and P5 to the control (P1). The results of the glomerular diameter  shows there is significantly difference between the diameter of the glomerulous treatment P2 and P3 with control (P1), while in treatment P4 and P5 are not significantly different from the control so that it can be concluded that the administration of the VCO and olive oil at various concentrations do not give rise to different responses to weight ren. Olive oil does not increases glomerular diameter white mice, while VCO at a dose of 5 mL / kg feed and 10 mL / kg of feed can increased glomerular diameter mice. Keywords: ren weight, glomerular diameter, Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), olive oil.
Struktur Komunitas Plankton sebagai Indikator Kualitas Perairan Budidaya di Tambak Lorok Semarang
Authors: Makhfudhoh Dzunnuroini Khanif , Hidayat Jafron Wasiq , Muhammad Fuad
Published: January 2019

Plankton is organisms that had an important role in water as natural feed of fishes and as an indicator. This study aimed to identify water quality which was suitable for fish cultivation reviewed from physics-chemicals parameters of water and its saprobic status in Tambak Lorok Tanjung Mas Kota Semarang. Sampling were take based on 5 stations that could represented from plankton variety of condition water stability . Plankton samples were by using net plankton number 25, then preserved with alcohol 70% and formalin 4%. Variables of ponds water quality measured were temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, N concentration, and Pb content. Identification of planktons used SRC method under microscop. The result of plankton analysis in Tambak Lorok water showed 42 phytoplankton species, the commonly species found are Coscinodiscus centralis, Coscinodiscus granii, Gyrosigma sp., Navicula radiosa, Pandorina sp., and Melosira sp. Meanwhile, zooplankton found was 22 species with common species are Cyclops, Harpaticoida, Tricodesmium evythraeum, Brachinus plicatilis, and Lensia subtilis. Phytoplankton diversity index are 0.057-0.367 and equity index are 0.025-0.176. Zooplankton diversity index are 0.247-0.360 and equity index are 0.157-0.201. This indices showed that there were low level of species diversity and community stability, dominance since the species occurred. Measurement of water quality variables indicated that Tambak Lorok had been contaminated and needed a preliminary management before d be used as fish cultivation ponds, because the analysis result was not appropriate with Government water quality  regulation. Based on the measurement, soprobic index categories on α/β-Mesosaprobic to Oligosaprobic phase and the degree of pollution is very mild to moderate. Keywords :  Community Structure, plankton, Tambak Lorok, Tanjung Mas, Semarang
Karakterisasi Uwi-Uwian (Dioscorea spp) Dari Banjarnegara Berdasarkan Penanda Morfologi
Authors: Pertiwa Susy Ika , Jumari J , Wiryani Erry
Published: January 2019

The diversity of Dioscorea spp. both inter-species and intra-species are spreaded in several areas in Central Java, including Banjarnegara.  Dioscorea is a  plant that has the potentials to be developed and cultivated. The purposes of this reasearch are to identify the species, characterize the morphological characters (stem, leaf, and tuber) of eight varians Dioscorea spp from Banjarnegara. The sample used in this reasearch are the eight varians of Dioscorea spp from Banjarnegara.  The Identification was done by using a identification keys. Characterization of morphological characters was done by using the guidebook of Descriptor for Yam. The results showed that eight cultivars of Dioscorea spp are grouped into two types: Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea esculenta. Dioscorea alata has a stem which rotate the to the right, rectangular shaped of stem, it’s has wing and doesn’t have a spin, elongated heart-shaped leaves, oval-oblong and round shaped tuber. Dioscorea esculenta has a stem which rotate to the left, rounded shaped of stem, it has not wing but spiked, dilated heart-shaped leaf, and oval shape tuber.  Keywords: Dioscorea spp, identifikasi, characteristic, morphology,
`Kandungan Protein dan Abu Tanaman Alfalfa( Medicago sativa L) setelah Pemupukan Biorisa
Authors: Parman Sarjana -
Published: January 2019

The reasearch is about protein and ash content in Alfalfa ( M.sativa L ) after fertilization bioriza-02. Thisresearch is in polibag plastic in 15 March-15 August 2006, using to research design RAL ( Randomized CompleteDesign ), Treatmen is give fertilization biorisa–02 , one treatment is Po ( without biorisa ) P1 ( Biorisa-02 0,5 caps/plant ), P2 (1 caps/plant); P3;(11/2 caps/plant) and P4 (2 caps / plant) every treatment repeated five times . Proteinconternt and ash analysed follow of makro-Kjeldahl which modification (AOC, 1970 in Sudarmaji, 1984). The resultof research indicated that increase of dose of fertilization biorisa-02 will boost up rate of protein of crop alfalfa,though fertilization of dose Po (without biorisa–02 caps/plant) 18,472 mg/100 of gram differ is not real by control18.264; so also fertilization 1 caps/plant ( 20,786 ) differing is not real with fertilization have dose (20,82) but differreality with gift fertilize to have dose 2 mg/plant (21,828)
IMPACT OF A PREVIOUS AUDIT ON TAX AGGRESSIVENESS OF A FIRM TAXPAYER
Authors: Penata Ivan Rona
Published: January 2019

This study aims to analyze the effect of a previous tax audit on tax aggressiveness of a firm taxpayer who submits Overpayment Annual Tax Return. The degree of tax aggressiveness itself uses Delta Effective Tax Rate as a proxy, generated from Annual Tax Return data from 2011 to 2016. Using multinomial logit regression as a method, this study found that a previous Tax Audit and tax audit result made a firm prefer to choose a positive Delta Effective Tax Rate.
Pemeliharaan Dan Penyimpanan Peralatan Laboratorium Kimia
Authors: Jufriyah Jufriyah , Mar'ah Isna , Isharyudono Kelik
Published: January 2019

Improper maintenance and storage of laboratory equipment, will shorten the life span. Damage to the tool will have a direct impact on the costs that must be incurred to replace damaged equipment components or even procurement of new equipment. The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of how to maintain and store chemical laboratory equipment. And can identify damage to chemical laboratory equipment. Broadly speaking, the tool maintenance method is divided into two parts: planned maintenance and unplanned maintenance. For storage of tools using the classification method based on the tool group, frequency of use and the nature of the tool. Maintenance and storage of chemical laboratory equipment is an activity process in order to anticipate damage as early as possible so that it can increase the efficiency of the working life of the equipment used. So that the chemical laboratory equipment can function optimally and always in a state of ready use, it is necessary to have knowledge about how to maintain and store laboratory equipment and how to identify equipment damage as early as possible. Maintenance and storage of chemical laboratory equipment properly can prevent damage to chemical laboratory equipment that will extend the life of the equipment, and ensure the comfort and safety of the user.
Regelung zur Stromsymmetrierung für die Parallelschaltung von Niederspannungsumrichtern
Authors: Wolfram Armin
Published: January 2019

Zur Leistungssteigerung von Niederspannungsumrichtern können mehrere Leistungsteile sowohl auf Motor- als auch auf Netzseite parallelgeschaltet werden. Das Problem besteht jedoch darin, dass sich selbst bei synchronisierter Pulsung keine symmetrische Stromverteilung einstellt. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Modell zur Beschreibung der auftretenden Kreisströme hergeleitet und eine flexible Mehrgrößenregelstruktur zu deren Eliminierung vorgestellt.
Existence of regular 3-polytopes of order 2𝑛
Authors: Hou Dong-Dong , Feng Yan-Quan , Leemans Dimitri
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we prove that for any positive integers

n
,
s
,
t

{n,s,t}

such that

n
≥
10

{n\geq 10}

,

s
,
t

≥
2

{s,t\geq 2}

and

n
-
1

≥

s
+
t

{n-1\geq s+t}

, there exists a regular polytope with Schläfli type

{

2
s

,

2
t

}

{\{2^{s},2^{t}\}}

and its automorphism group is of order

2
n

{2^{n}}

. Furthermore, we classify regular polytopes with automorphism groups of order

2
n

{2^{n}}

and Schläfli types

{
4
,

2

n
-
3

}

,

{
4
,

2

n
-
4

}

{\{4,2^{n-3}\},\{4,2^{n-4}\}}

and

{
4
,

2

n
-
5

}

{\{4,2^{n-5}\}}

, therefore giving a partial answer to a problem proposed by Schulte and Weiss in [Problems on polytopes, their groups, and realizations, Period. Math. Hungar. 53 2006, 1–2, 231–255].
Carney complex due to a novel pathogenic variant in the PRKAR1A gene – a case report
Authors: Ferreira Sofia H. , Costa Maria M. , Rios Elisabete , Santos Silva Rita , Costa Carla , Castro-Correia Cíntia , Fontoura Manuel
Published: January 2019

Background

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare cause of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). It may occur sporadically or as part of a familial syndrome called Carney complex (CC). It is a rare entity, with fewer than 750 cases reported.

Case presentation

We describe the case of a 16-year-old otherwise healthy female referred to our endocrinology department for progressive weight gain. During investigation, an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) independent CS was identified and the possibility of an adrenocortical tumor was suggested. The histological exam of the left adrenal gland was compatible with PPNAD. Genetic study identified a novel pathogenic variant in the PRKAR1A gene. Her family history was then reviewed and her father had died prematurely due to a cardiac myxoma. Besides abnormal skin pigmentation, the girl presented no other features of CC.

Conclusions

Careful follow-up of these patients is important to detect other manifestations of CC and to prevent life-threatening comorbidities, like cardiac myxomas or malignant diseases. Genetic counseling of the patients and their siblings is also very important.
Bidiagonalization of (k, k + 1)-tridiagonal matrices
Authors: Takahira S. , Sogabe T. , Usuda T.S.
Published: January 2019

In this paper,we present the bidiagonalization of n-by-n (k, k+1)-tridiagonal matriceswhen n < 2k. Moreover,we show that the determinant of an n-by-n (k, k+1)-tridiagonal matrix is the product of the diagonal elements and the eigenvalues of the matrix are the diagonal elements. This paper is related to the fast block diagonalization algorithm using the permutation matrix from [T. Sogabe and M. El-Mikkawy, Appl. Math. Comput., 218, (2011), 2740-2743] and [A. Ohashi, T. Sogabe, and T. S. Usuda, Int. J. Pure and App. Math., 106, (2016), 513-523].