bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensinando desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação baseado na web: um relato de experiência
Authors: Paiva Sofia L. Costa , Viana Matheus , Carvalho Dárlinton
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar uma experiência de ensino na qual alunos de graduação participaram de um treinamento sobre o desenvolvimento de um sistema de informação web. O treinamento consistiu de videoaulas e reuniões regulares por um mês. Os resultados foram coletados por meio de questionário e entrevista narrativa episódica, visando analisar qualitativamente a experiência. Como resultado, percebeu-se a importância de um treinamento mais longo, especialmente consolidando conhecimentos teóricos para fundamentar uma abordagem educacional com viés mais prático, para efetivamente alcançar proficiência técnica para desenvolvimento de sistemas web.
Understanding Developers’ Work - A Visual Approach for Project Managers - Resumo Estendido - CTDSI 2022
Authors: Ferreira Matheus Silva , Costa Heitor
Published: September 2022

Uma das principais atividades do Gerente de Projetos é liderar as pessoas envolvidas no projeto. Essa atividade implica na montagem de equipes, no reconhecimento do trabalho realizado por desenvolvedores, na distribuição do conhecimento no projeto, entre outros. A compreensão do trabalho dos desenvolvedores pode apoiar o Gerente de Projetos a liderar a equipe. Nesse sentido, foram propostas diferentes estratégias para fornecer informações sobre o trabalho realizado pelos desenvolvedores. Mas, ainda existem lacunas a serem exploradas, como considerar a evolução do software ao visualizar o quanto os desenvolvedores trabalharam e fornecer a visualização de diferentes perspectivas, incluindo informações do projeto e do trabalho individual dos desenvolvedores em múltiplos níveis de granularidade. Neste trabalho, é apresentada a abordagem Developer Tracker para apoiar o Gerente de Projetos a compreender o trabalho dos desenvolvedores. Essa abordagem possui um conjunto de etapas, incluindo a mineração de SCV, o cálculo de medidas quantitativas e a aplicação de uma técnica de visualização de software. Para avaliar a Developer Tracker, foi desenvolvido um apoio computacional utilizado por 16 Gerentes de Projetos da indústria de software em um estudo experimental. Os resultados mostraram que, em geral, a abordagem foi útil para o aprimoramento da compreensão dos Gerentes de Projetos.
Concepção de Jogo Sério para Auxiliar na Aprendizagem da Prototipação de Baixa-Fidelidade
Authors: Claudino Eduarda Servidio , Barros de Sales André , Palmeira Eduardo Gabriel Queiroz
Published: September 2022

Este artigo apresenta os primeiros resultados para a concepção de um jogo sério sobre Prototipação de Baixa-Fidelidade. Objetiva-se analisar características de jogos sérios relacionados com o ensino de conceitos de Interação Humano-Computador para evidenciar as vantagens e desvantagens do uso de jogos no âmbito educacional. Os resultados mostram diversos benefícios desse recurso como apoio à aprendizagem.
Parathyroid hormone and skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Romagnoli Cecilia , Brandi Maria Luisa
Published: September 2022

Synthetized by the parathyroid glands, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a single-chain, 84-amino acid polypeptide that controls calcium homeostasis by increasing serum levels, regulating calcium absorption in the small intestine (indirectly thanks to the action of calcitriol), renal reabsorption and removal from the bone matrix. It exerts its classical action mainly by interacting with PTH receptor type 1, a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in bone and kidney and activates different signaling pathways. Disorders of the parathyroid glands most commonly present with abnormal serum calcium concentrations: persistent high blood calcium levels are associated with hyperparathyroidism, whereas reduced blood calcium levels are associated with hypoparathyroidism. Both diseases are characterized by muscular dysfunction and myopathies. Even though numerous works suggest an effect of PTH on skeletal muscle, and PTH receptors have been identified in this tissue, knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of this hormone in skeletal muscle is very poor. It is hypothesized that skeletal muscle may be a target for PTH and that its receptors may mediate the effects of PTH. To support these hypotheses and obtain better and more specific understanding for future therapies, it needs to be established, using in vitro cellular models, whether PTH can affect skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation.
Regenerative medicine in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Campanacci Domenico Andrea , Scalici Gianluca , Scorianz Maurizio
Published: September 2022

Regenerative medicine includes the use of technologies aimed at repairing or replacing damaged cells, tissues and organs, in order to restore their structure and function. The clinical indications for the use of regenerative medicine in orthopaedic surgery are degenerative diseases (arthritis, aseptic necrosis, osteochondritis), posttraumatic conditions (non-union) and osteoarticular segmental bone loss. The objective of tissue regeneration in orthopaedic surgery can be achieved with minimally invasive techniques or using open surgery with the application of biological or synthetic scaffolds, autologous mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors or specific surgical techniques and new-generation surgical devices. Three-dimensional bioprinting, the new frontier of tissue engineering, is a promising technology for regenerative medicine in orthopaedic surgery. In the present review, all the different techniques of bone tissue regeneration will be described with the aim of highlighting their evidence-based effectiveness and trying to define their specific role in different indications.
Effects of Misoprostol and Evening Primrose Extracts on Cervix Preparation for Labor Induction in Term Pregnancies
Authors: Moghimi Zahra , Zargarzadeh Nikan , Ghaemi Marjan , Saedi Nafisseh , Sobhanian Ali , Hadizadeh Alireza , Sobhanian Ehsan
Published: September 2022

Background: Ripening is the process of preparing the cervix for induction of labor and is crucial to identify a low-complication, low-cost, and safe method of inducing labor before spontaneous labor begins. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate the impact of the evening primrose capsule on inducing labor, as well as to compare its effect to that of misoprostol. Methods: This prospective clinical trial study was performed on 200 low-risk pregnant women candidate for delivery in an academic hospital in Tehran from 2018 to 2020. Patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive 25 µg misoprostol vaginally or 500 mg evening primrose vaginal capsule to induce labor and repeated every three hours until reaching the bishop score > 4 in case of no effective up to three doses. The total drug dose, as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes evaluated and compared between groups. Results: Although misoprostol was significantly more effective than evening primrose in increasing cervical bishop score in the inactive phase of labor, the active phase and delivery time were not different between the groups. Also, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the cesarean section rate. Maternal complications, including uterine hyperstimulation, headache, or gastrointestinal complications in the group receiving misoprostol were significantly higher in misoprostol group, but fetal complications, including Apgar score, pH, hospitalization, and meconium excretion, were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: Evening primrose capsules are safe and can be used to induce labor because of the lower risk of hyperstimulation of the uterus and the higher tolerance. There should be more research done to see if this medicine can be used alone or in conjunction with misoprostol or mechanical dilators or if it can be administered at home rather than in the hospital.
Underwater Noise for Commercial Vessels: Develop a Plan before Finding a Treatment
Authors: Spence Jesse Hunter
Published: September 2022

Underwater noise is a growing concern for commercial vessels. As an example, efforts are already underway to reduce underwater noise and related impacts to Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcas) in the Pacific Northwest. Groups like Transport Canada, Maritime Blue, Port of Vancouver, and others are investigating appropriate noise limits for vessels and strategies for ensuring noise levels are reduced. With this, there is a strong desire to identify treatments that can reduce underwater noise on existing vessels. Numerous “menu-style” lists of potential treatments have been compiled, but deciding which treatment to use is not trivial. Underwater noise reductions generally cannot be achieved through selection of a single treatment from a catalog. Rather than selecting treatments from a list, stakeholders should look to reduce underwater noise by choosing the right design approach. This approach would ideally be applied during design and construction phases, though post-construction design approaches can also be applied for existing vessels.
Emergent Technology to Forecast Flight Deck Motions for Vehicle Auto-Launch and Recovery
Authors: Ferrier Bernard , Taylor Robert , Belmont Michael , Christmas Jacqueline , Fedrick Laurence
Published: September 2022

Quiescent Period Prediction (QPP) purpose is to provide ship motion conditions and motion predictions with sufficient forecasted time to launch, recover, and complete other motion sensitive tasks regardless of the seaway. QPP operates within a federated architecture system containing measurement instruments such as a Wave Radar system used to map remote sea surfaces several hundred meters in advance of the ship. This enables the computation of future wave forces acting on the vessel. This article describes the development of the QPP System concentrating on test procedures, timely seaway mapping and ship motion characteristics to complete specific motion sensitive task.
Evolution of Evolution of Titanic Breakup Theories and the Accepted SNAME MFC Theory
Authors: Roddy Robert Forrest , Lange William Nolan , Nesmeyanov Eugene Vladimirovich , Woytowich Rickie Lee
Published: September 2022

Ever since Titanic was found in 1985 and it was discovered that the ship did not sink intact there have been a number of theories as how the ship’s hull failed. This paper will discuss several of these theories and discuss the reasons for the necessity of superseding them as new information was discovered. Presented herein is the latest theory explaining the breakup accepted by the SNAME Marine Forensics Committee complete, with supporting evidence.
The Performance of Oily Water Separators from an Operational Perspective
Authors: Henderson Gavin Alexander , Islam Rabiul
Published: September 2022

This study explores the effects of pre-treatment on oily water separator performance at the shipboard level. An online survey of marine personnel was carried out, in which respondents were asked to rate the performance of separator systems and to provide technical information. The results of the study indicated that the use of pre-treatment resulted in improved effectiveness ratings of between 11 & 18%, with increases of between 14 & 43% found for the failure running hours. Given these findings, it was concluded that the use of pre-treatment offers a relatively simple method of improving oily water separator performance, and that there is a need for the International Maritime Organization to further encourage its use via legislation.
LiftShip 2 (Results and Continuation)
Authors: Bjorkner Erik Arthur
Published: September 2022

This paper describes the results of the NSRP Research Announcement project “LiftShip 2” and highlights potentials for advancing the “LiftShip” program or developing another related project or both. “LiftShip 2” added additional capabilities to the original “LiftShip” project. These benefits include automating Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model generation and analysis in support of large complex lift handling and turning events, analysis based on user selected mesh detail criteria, and to present the FEA results in a more clear and concise manner for the stakeholders.
Automated Detail Planning and Control for First-of-Class Projects Using Product-Based-Planning and Yard Specific
Authors: de Vries Ronald , Bjorkner Erik Arthur , Roberts Patrick Dean
Published: September 2022

This paper describes the benefits of capturing yard specific value streams to apply automated detail planning and control efforts for first-of-class projects. Allowing the recognition of over 90% of the relations, dependencies and constraints for the operational process prior to the completion of the engineering model. Creating the ability to integrate the need by dates from production with the workload and priorities for the engineering team’s schedule to cut back on overall lead-time. Through rolling wave-planning methods and direct integrations with the engineering 3D detailed design model automated sequencing, budgeting (hours/duration), resource allocation and progress recognition takes place in a yard control framework. This allows for closed feedback loops on operational performance as well as the instant recognition of progress, consumed hours, load-views, deviations and risks by direct roll ups to the project control level.
Commercial Sustainability - CAPEX Using Probabilistic Simulation Approach
Authors: Gullaksen Joannes
Published: September 2022

In many investment projects, the controlling parameters and events may be uncertain, making the investment project associated with risk. In present context, the investment is defined as acquiring an asset for the purpose of obtaining commercial sustainability, where commercial sustainability aims to achieve the balance between economic, environmental and social impacts through the effective management of resources whilst maximizing organizational profitability. The variability of input parameters will be characterized by stochastic distributions, and the probabilistic simulation can predict the financial model behaviors under uncertainties by an output probability distribution. With sensitivity analysis, the system complexity can be reduced and the cause-and-effect relationship can be explained, for example, which model parameters contribute the most to output variability, which parameters are in-significant and can be eliminated from model and which parameters interact with each other. In a traditional investment analysis method, the effect of sensitivity in input variables, is often based on only one variable considered at a time, whereas a probabilistic simulation approach considers the impact of many variables changing at the same time. The uncertainty is incorporated by specifying inputs as probability distributions and specifying any random events that could affect the project. The simulation process consists of successively generating random numbers, used to select from the probability distribution of each uncertain input parameter. In this paper, a financial evaluation model is developed using a probabilistic simulation approach. The asset investment project discussed, is categorized into asset management and capital expenditure (CAPEX) projects. It accounts for variability, uncertainty and risk, both in the costs and benefits associated with the investment opportunity. Investment planning, approval workflow and management method, is only included as necessary for the context, or applicable. Please note, the financial evaluation method, although it is very important, is only one aspect affecting the investment decisions. In the investment planning and capital budgeting process, it consists of complex aspects in the organizational setting, where it become identified, developed, justified and finally approved.
Numerical Simulations to Determine Comparative Operability of Floating Feeder Solutions
Authors: Sreenivasan Atheendra , Voogt Arjan
Published: September 2022

The U.S. plans to install 30GW of offshore wind by 2030. However, the lack of Jones-Act compliant installation vessels means that alternative installation strategies will have to be used in the near to mid-term. One such strategy is to use Jones-Act classed barges or purpose built ships to transport Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) components from port to the offshore location where a foreign vessel can install them. This paper uses numerical simulations to derive the uptime of such an operation for different feeder solutions.
Re-Analysis of the Speed Trial Results for the Effect of Environmental Conditions
Authors: Liu Shukui , Koh Clarence , Nikolopoulos Lampros , Shang Baoguo , Papanikolaou Apostolos , Boulougouris Evangelos
Published: September 2022

The speed/power performance of a ship is nowadays not only a contractual, but also a statutory requirement. Thus, it is essential to know the true speed/power performance of the ship, as verified by conducting sea trials before the delivery. Presently, relevant guidelines of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) include two alternatives for the verification of the speed/power performance of a ship in relation to the calculation of a ship’s Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), namely, the ITTC Recommended Procedure 7.5-04-01-01.1 Speed and Power Trials: 2017 and the ISO 15016:2015 procedure, while noting that ITTC recently revised its recommended procedure and the same is underway for the ISO 15016. In this paper, we will re-analyze the sea trial results of a series of tanker sisterships tested under different conditions, by applying the newly updated ITTC procedure to assess the actual speed-power performance of the ships. In particular, the influence of applying alternative methods in analyzing the sea trial results and the effect of environmental conditions on the achieved speed performance are investigated. The results are very important for many stakeholders of the maritime industry, especially for designers in developing new EEDI compliant ships, for shipbuilders and for shipping companies in planning their new buildings and retro-fittings in view of the implementation time frame of EEDI/EEXI.
Hydrogen for Marine Power and Propulsion: Regulatory and Classification Considerations
Authors: Dowling Meg , Meyers Timothy , Carlucci Domenic , Delpizzo Richard
Published: September 2022

As the maritime industry moves towards a net zero carbon operation, hydrogen fuel and fuel cells are being considered as a promising solution. This paper offers guidance to marine designers of ships using hydrogen fuel and fuel cell power and/or propulsion, addressing both the Classification society requirements and regulatory process throughout the ship acquisition period, with a focus on U.S. Flag considerations. Steps in the review process include Approval in Principle (AIP), risk assessments and current regulatory and classification design basis strategies. Included is a review of the applicable U.S. and international regulatory framework for hydrogen powered engines and fuel cell propulsion.
Pushing Boundaries: Investigating the Golden Ray and Other vessel catastrophes
Authors: Chen Tomer , van Hemmen Rik F.
Published: September 2022

ROROs, at first glance, appear to be stability nightmares with their relatively high vertical center gravity, relatively low metacentric height, and imposing freeboard. Their non-uniform cargo also causes concern in loading due to uncertainty in weights estimates and stowage locations. The Golden Ray is an example of a vessel design that was pushed to the limits of what is capable for ROROs, only to fail due to the complex nature of simultaneously meeting the loading criteria and keeping the vessel upright in a dynamic operating environment. Historically, naval architects have attempted to push the boundaries of what vessels are capable of by increasing size, speed, or maneuverability (and more), to carry more cargo or reach their destination quicker. They use the same criteria and programs that have served them in earlier iterations of the design, and have frequently overlooked the unpredictability of the marine environment and the domino effect that changing a single vessel characteristic can have on the rest of the design. This paper will discuss the stability of the Golden Ray leading up to its capsize in Brunswick, Georgia, and discuss other similar casualties where the boundaries of design were pushed but the full extent of failures that a vessel could encounter in its lifetime were not explored. The aim of this paper is to offer naval architects, computer program designers, and vessel operators teaching moments from past failures in vessel design and to offer risk mitigation strategies throughout the design and build process.
Reaching IMO 2050 GHG Targets Exclusively through Energy efficiency measures
Authors: Lindstad Elizabeth , Dražen Polic , Rialland Agathe , Sandaas Inge , Stokke Tor
Published: September 2022

Maritime transport accounts for around 3% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions (Well-to-Wake). GHG emissions must be reduced by at least 50% in absolute values by 2050 to contribute to the ambitions of the Paris agreement signed in 2015. Switching to Zero-carbon fuels made from renewable sources (hydro, wind, or solar) is seen by many as the most promising option to deliver the desired GHG reductions. However, renewable energy is a scarce resource that gives a much larger GHG reduction spent within other sectors. This study explores how to reach the IMO 2050 GHG targets exclusively through energy efficiency measures. The results indicate that by combining wind-assisted propulsion (WASP) with a slender hull form, fuel consumption and GHG emissions can be reduced by 30 – 35%, and transport cost by 5 – 10%. In comparison, GHG reductions through Zero-carbon fuels will increase transport costs by 50-200%.
A Review of Engineering Standards for the Blue Economy – Gaps & Challenges
Authors: Basu Roger I. , Sharman Krish Thiagarajan , Coe Ryan G. , Dewhurst Tobias
Published: September 2022

A key ingredient in the design of structures and systems for the Blue Economy is engineering standards (used here as a blanket term for codes, Rules, recommended practices etc.). The focus in this paper is standards applicable to offshore wind, marine renewables, and open-ocean aquaculture. Standards for oil and gas offshore structures are used as a starting point. Developing and maintaining standards for any engineering discipline is always challenging and more so for rapidly developing sectors such as those associated with the Blue Economy. This paper presents a general discussion of engineering standards and the current state of standards for the Blue Economy. This includes a selective survey of relevant standards; the current and anticipated challenges and how much progress has been made towards developing the required documents.
Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of Waterjet Propelled Amphibious Tracked Vehicles
Authors: Kim Taehyung , Seo Jeongil , Heo Youngmin
Published: September 2022

This paper covers the numerical and experimental evaluation including vehicle resistance and self-propulsion performance, waterjet flow rate, and running attitude changes of an amphibious tracked vehicle. A reduced-scale model of the waterjet propelled amphibious tracked vehicle was designed by the Agency for Defense Development (ADD) and was tested in the towing tank. The numerical study was performed over a speed range of 0.3<Froude number (Fn)<0.8 using a second order accurate finite volume method provided by a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool to solve the governing Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The k-ω model was used for the turbulence closure and the massive separation flow behind the box-shaped-vehicle. The rotation of the impeller was simulated by a moving reference frame method and the running attitude was predicted by a dynamic body fluid interaction method. Good agreement is found for the prediction of the resistance, thrust and torque coefficients of the impeller. The comparisons also made it possible to determine appropriate installation angles of the stern hydrofoil for achievement of lower shaft delivered power and more stable running attitude for high speed amphibious tracked vehicles.
Design Activity Modeling
Authors: Doerry Norbert , Johnson Andrew , Ammeen Edward , Beaumont Katherine
Published: September 2022

The design phase of a naval vessel is extraordinarily complex. The numerous interactions between design specialties have great potential to result in misunderstandings and confusion among engineers, which can then lead to deadline extensions or unnecessary rework. To overcome the difficulties coordinating ship design specialties, our effort seeks to simulate candidate design processes through the construction of a complete ship design planning tool. This planning tool lays out the effects of resources, requirements, and product quality on the overall design schedule, allowing ship design managers (SDMs) to more efficiently task and control work. The tool specifically includes the impacts of iterations on the overall convergence of the design. As a demonstration we focused on modeling the power and propulsion elements of the ship design.
Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) Fault Detection, Localization, and Isolation
Authors: Doerry Norbert H. , Amy John V.
Published: September 2022

Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) is an attractive power system option for commercial and naval ships. However, the lack of a comprehensive design strategy for MVDC circuit protection is a barrier to implementation. For a range of MVDC architectures, this paper explores the inter-relationships among the different functionalities that isolation devices can have, the technologies for implementing isolation devices, power quality requirements, protective relaying strategies, source design, load design, and energy storage. Because commercial products implementing the technologies do not currently exist for MVDC applications, their costs cannot be determined and therefore the optimal solution cannot yet be determined.
Unsteady Numerical Hydrodynamics of a Rowing Shell Under Surge Excitation
Authors: Hartigan Calder J. , Onas Adrian S.
Published: September 2022

The effect of oscillating harmonic surge motions on a Wigley hull in deep and shallow water was investigated numerically using unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANSE) CFD simulations in a three-dimensional computational domain. The frequency and amplitude of the surge motions were varied independently and validated using experimental data. The URANSE CFD simulations were validated by comparison with the experimental results and unsteady thin-ship resistance predictions of Doctors et al. (2010). The numerical results show reasonable agreement with rowing shells experimental data and for the most part follow the expected trends across the entire operating range of Froude numbers. However, in this first iteration several discrepancies have been identified between the CFD simulations and the experimental results, especially across the frequency-response metrics. The numerical approach in this unsteady hydrodynamics analysis does indicate that with further adjustments and improvement of the quality of the computational domain, the more complex URANSE CFD simulations have the potential to provide a powerful alternative to experimental testing.
Multi-Level Structural Design Optimization of Offshore Platform Topsides Deck Truss
Authors: Li Zhongwei , Wang Aimin , Dasilva Otto
Published: September 2022

Structural optimization was not prioritized in offshore structural design for various reasons. The environmental conditions have many uncertainties. The large-scale offshore structures have complicated systems and shapes. The design process is multidisciplinary. The structural design often only converges towards the end of the project thus very little adjustment will be possible. As a result, the objectives of structural optimization, reducing the cost and enhancing the performance by minimizing structural weight, are often not strong enough to motivate optimization in offshore structures design process. Despite all these factors, there were applications of structural optimization at local level and early design stage where the design space is relatively simple. In recent time, there are growing concerns about the cost and environmental impact of offshore structures. The optimization techniques in computer-aided engineering designs have been proven effective and robust by numerous applications in many industries. Under these circumstances, offshore structures are expected to implement more optimization process in the design. This paper presents a multi-level structural optimization approach in the topsides deck truss design of a floating offshore platform. First, in the concept study phase, fundamental design parameters including the numbers of decks and major truss rows are determined by parametric study. Next, the preliminary design uses topology optimization technique to find optimal material distribution under simplified load conditions and generate basic truss structure configurations. After the initial deck truss structural layout is set up, the individual member sizes are optimized based on Finite Element Analysis and code check results. Last, in the local deck joint detailed analysis, optimal shapes and sizes are selected for local reinforcement structures. The optimized offshore platform topsides deck truss structure demonstrates advantages of lower structural weight, lower manufacturing cost, higher performance, and quantifiable environmental benefits. The practical multi-level structural optimization approach presented in this study utilizes mathematical optimization algorithms, first principle design analysis, and design experiences. The design optimization approach has been effectively applied to the complex offshore platform deck truss system which takes a multi-year project to complete and often requires assumptions and approximated design data at early phase. The optimization approach can be applied to other marine and offshore systems like the floating offshore wind turbine concept development.
Assessing Polar Class Ship Overload and Ice Impact on Low-ice Class Vessels using a “Quasi Real Time” Popov/Daley Approach
Authors: Lande Andrade Sthefano , Elruby Ahmed , Oldford Dan , Quinton Bruce
Published: September 2022

The methodology presented in this work considers an impact’s available kinetic energy as balanced by the ice crushing energy as well as the structural deformation energy. The algorithm re-calculates the kinetic energy iteratively by subtracting the energy lost to structural deformation and ice crushing at specified time-intervals. The updated kinetic energy is then used to determine the current impact speed, which controls the indentation rate of ice on the structure. The result is a contactless ice load model which is intrinsically coupled to structural deformation. Accounting for structural deformation energy is important for overload of Polar Class ships, as well as any ice impact for non-ice class ships.
Growler-Ship Impacts in Waves
Authors: Oldfield Chad , Liu Jiancheng Jesse
Published: September 2022

Growlers in otherwise open water present a distinct risk to vessels, particularly when waves are present. Waves can hide “small” pieces of hard glacial ice while causing impacts with them to be more intense, or to occur at locations above a ship’s ice belt. To explore this risk, we developed a novel time-domain simulation methodology that combines the wave-induced motions of the ship and of a growler to predict impact locations and intensities. A combination of linear and nonlinear methods captures the relevant physics efficiently. When repeated for several thousand growler encounters, this enables the impact probability to be mapped onto the hull. Vulnerable areas of the hull are identified by showing only impacts that are hard enough to exceed the local structural capability. Operational guidance to mitigate the risks is obtained by repeating this at different speeds and headings. Applying both mitigations in combination improves the ability to design and safely operate vessels in polar waters where growlers may be present in demanding sea conditions.
Postulating an Update to Canada's Zone / Date System
Authors: Bond James , Oldford Dan , Kelly Leah
Published: September 2022

The Canadian Parliament approved the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act in 1970 to assert Canada’s jurisdiction to regulate all shipping in zones up to 100 nautical miles off its Arctic coasts. Control measures and clarity were added in 1985 when the Arctic Shipping Pollution Prevention Regulations were enacted and shipping control zones were created. The Canadian Arctic is divided into 16 zones, where Zone 1 is generally considered to have the most demanding conditions, and Zone 16 the least. Access to each zone was established for specified ship ice class, based on historical data related to the probable ice conditions at different times of the year. The system is based on the premise that nature follows a consistent pattern.

In the decades since the zone / date system (Z/DS) of access was created the sea ice has changed in spatial (areas and volume) extent and temporal extent, as have the reasons for taking a ship to a specific location. The Z/DS continues to be used for basic route planning, estimating ice conditions, and can be used for preliminary ice class selection without offering needed accuracy. A study was undertaken to postulate a revised Z/DS that can be applied to the International Association of Classification Society (IACS) Polar Classes (PC) and Finnish-Swedish (Baltic Ice Class) ships. To guide the change ice data for the years 2006 through 2020 was used while considering destinations and proposed safe shipping corridors.

Using the IMO Polar Operation Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS) and its resulting Risk Index Outcomes (RIOs) new zone boundaries were developed that incorporated common shipping routes and destinations. In addition, the boundaries for the new zones follow line of latitude and longitude so seafarers can easily determine when they are entering or leaving a zone. A zone was considered “open” when there was no negative RIO’s inside its boundaries. In accordance with IMO POLARIS methodology a negative RIO indicates elevated risk operations.

This paper details the process used to create an initial updated Z/DS that has 26 zones, encompassing the Canadian Arctic, the Alaskan portion of the Beaufort Sea, the Labrador Coast and the Gulf of St Lawrence. The new 26 zones are shown on maps and entry and exit dates are tabulated. With further validation this process can be expanded to any waters where sea ice data exists.
Design Criteria for Vibration Mitigation for Icebreaking Vessels
Authors: Suarez Juan J. , Krewsky William , Kris Karri , Minett Jason , Spence Jesse , Page Chris , Weiss Zachary F.
Published: September 2022

The capability to continually perform operations in ice is a function of multiple design factors. These factors may directly influence one another and are integral to the design spiral. The compromises made in vessel design directly impact the vessel’s noise and vibration characteristics. Unlike conventional ships, icebreakers are subject to additional dynamic loads arising from interaction with ice. Because icebreaker hull forms are generally influenced by unique performance requirements, engineering past experiences, production feasibility, and risk mitigation during operation, early design development to optimize both ship arrangement and machinery system parameters is necessary to avoid vibration problems. Numerical modeling techniques like the finite element method are indispensable when evaluating the low frequency vibration of a vessel during the design stage. Methodologies for estimating the dynamic loads associated with common shipboard excitations such as unsteady propeller forces, cavitation pressure pulses and propulsion machinery are non-trivial, but established. Estimating the spatial and temporal characteristics of dynamic loads associated with ice operations, such as icebreaking and ice milling, is a challenge. In this paper, techniques for estimating dynamic loads associated with icebreaking and ice milling operations are discussed. Approaches to applying these forces to a finite element model for the evaluation of these forces on a vessel’s low frequency vibration are presented.
Evaluation of Small and Medium Sized Shipyards Productivity with Key Performance Indicators
Authors: Bilen Umran , Helvacioglu Sebnem , Helvacioglu Ismail Hakki
Published: September 2022

The current work aims to evaluate productivity and producibility with Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for Small and Medium Sized Shipyards (SMSS). A systematic approach has been developed by adopting data analysis. Most SMSSs have not implemented data analysis as these are very costly issues. On the other hand, neither the available data nor new technologies will not make any difference without a systematic approach. The proposed methodology is applied to a real case to validate that it is not only a concept study for a problem definition but also a reasonable solution to a known problem by incorporating engineering and business knowledge. The KPIs for cost and producibility evaluation were formulated in a mathematical model upon historical data analysis and are included in this study.
How primary and secondary appraisals of daily stressful events influence negative and positive affect
Authors: Fernández Castro Jordi , Ferrer Iris , Edo Sílvia , Rovira Tatiana
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of primary and secondary appraisal, and of coping strategies, on daily stress, taking into account any possible effect of the big five personality traits. Over 10 days, a cohort of 122 people filled out an on-line diary in which they recorded the most important stressful event each day, their primary and secondary appraisal of this, and how they coped with it. The results indicate that negative affect is influenced by a high degree of primary appraisal, limited secondary appraisal and a high rate of refusal, with no significant influence of personality traits. Positive affect is mainly influenced by a lower extent of primary appraisal, more secondary appraisal, and by a low rate of refusal and of social support seeking. Moreover, a low level of neuroticism was a predictor of greater positive affect. These data are discussed, highlighting the importance of a situational assessment of stressful episodes at each moment to not only understand the effects of stress on health but also, to develop effective interventions.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la evaluación primaria, secundaria y de las estrategias de afrontamiento sobre el estrés diario, teniendo en cuenta cualquier posible efecto de los cinco grandes rasgos de personalidad. Durante 10 días, una cohorte de 122 personas llenó un diario en línea en el que registraron el evento estresante más importante de cada día, su evaluación primaria y secundaria y cómo lo afrontaron. Los resultados indican que el afecto negativo está influido por una evaluación primaria alta, una evaluación secundaria limitada y una alta tasa de rechazo, sin influencia significativa de los rasgos de personalidad. El afecto positivo está influido principalmente por un menor grado de valoración primaria, una evaluación secundaria alta, por una baja tasa de rechazo y de búsqueda de apoyo social. Además, un nivel bajo de neuroticismo fue el mejor predictor del afecto positivo. Se discuten estos datos, destacando la importancia de una evaluación situacional de episodios estresantes en cada momento para no sólo comprender los efectos del estrés en la salud sino también, para desarrollar intervenciones efectivas.
Grit y motivación como predictores de las etapas de cambio hacia el control de peso en una población adulta
Authors: Marentes-Castillo Maria , Castillo Isabel , Tomás Inés , Zamarripa Jorge , Álvarez Octavio
Published: September 2022

Given the increasing percentage of overweight and obesity worldwide, weight control is a primary health-promoting behaviour. Integrating Grit personality, self-determination theory, and the transtheoretical model of change, this study evaluates Grit personality and motivation as psychological antecedents of the stages of change towards weight control. A total of 1351 Mexican adults between 18 and 65 years of age completed a packet of questionnaires on the variables of interest. The results showed that Grit personality was positively and significantly related to the maintenance, action, preparation, and contemplation stages, and negatively and significantly related to the precontemplation stage, through the types of motivation (autonomous, controlled, and amotivation), suggesting that Grit personality and motivation are important attributes to take into account in the change towards weight control. This study provides tools to help professionals involved in nutritional consultation to understand weight control adherence, thus promoting a better interdisciplinary approach to overweight and obesity.

Ante el aumento del porcentaje de sobrepeso y obesidad a nivel mundial, el control de peso es una conducta primordial de promoción de salud. La presente investigación integra el modelo de personalidad Grit, la teoría de la autodeterminación y el modelo transteórico del cambio para tratar de comprender la conducta del control de peso: El objetivo del trabajo consistió en evaluar la personalidad Grit y la motivación como antecedentes psicológicos de las etapas de cambio para el control de peso. Participaron 1351 adultos de México entre 18 y 65 años, quienes cumplimentaron un paquete de cuestionarios con las variables de interés. Los resultados mostraron que la personalidad Grit se relacionó positiva y significativamente con las etapas de mantenimiento, acción, preparación y contemplación y de manera negativa y significativa con la etapa de precontemplación, a través de los tipos de motivación (autónoma, controlada y no motivación), sugiriendo que la personalidad Grit y la motivación son atributos importantes a tener en cuenta en el cambio hacia el control de peso. Este estudio provee de herramientas para la comprensión de la adherencia del control de peso a los profesionales implicados en la consulta nutricional y así promover un mejor abordaje interdisciplinar del sobrepeso y la obesidad.
Detecting underreport in real-world assessment contexts. The utility of multiple-scale indicators
Authors: Gonzalez Bárbara , Novo Rosa , Farrajota Pilar
Published: September 2022

Underreport of symptoms and personality characteristics is a relevant problem for psychological assessment. Nevertheless, most of the studies in this field use simulation designs. This study aims at comparing underreport prevalence in real-world samples of different contexts, using single-scale and multiple-scale underreport indicators from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2) to identify the best one and assess its implications on the clinical scales scores. Using a Differential Prevalence Group design, 1438 participants were assessed with the MMPI-2, grouped in three samples from two non-clinical contexts (community and organizational) and one clinical context. The organizational sample had the highest prevalence of underreporting. Overall, multiple-scale indicator LKS ≥ T65 performed better at distinguishing these samples. Analysis of variance revealed that LKS ≥ T65 was also the only indicator in which participants doing underreport consistently varied from honest responders in the clinical scales scores, while also having lower probability of producing both type I and II errors. The existence of underreport has clear implication on the clinical scales results. The multiple-scale indicator is the most robust and should be used in the detection of underreporting. This is a relevant implication for psychological assessment in different contexts, mainly in the organizational context.

La minimización de síntomas es un problema relevante para la evaluación psicológica. La mayoría de los estudios utilizan diseños de simulación. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar la prevalencia de la minimización de síntomas y sus implicaciones, utilizando indicadores de escala única y de escala múltiple del Inventario Multifásico de Personalidad de Minnesota-2 (MMPI-2) en muestras reales. Utilizando un diseño de Grupo de Prevalencia Diferencial se evaluaron 1438 participantes, agrupados en tres muestras: dos no clínicas (comunitario y organizacional) y una muestra clínica. La muestra organizacional tuvo la mayor prevalencia de minimización de síntomas. En general, el indicador de escala múltiple LKS ≥ T65 proporcionó los mejores resultados. El análisis de la varianza reveló que el LKS ≥ T65 era también el único indicador de diferenciación, en las escalas clínicas, de los participantes que realizaban o no la minimización de síntomas, a la vez que tenía una menor probabilidad de producir errores tipo I y II. La presencia de minimización tiene una clara implicación en las puntuaciones clínicas. El indicador de escalas múltiples es el más robusto en la detección de la minimización de síntomas y es relevante para la evaluación en diferentes contextos, principalmente en lo organizacional.
КОМПЕТЕНЦИЈЕ НАСТАВНИКА ЗА ПОУЧАВАЊЕ И УЧЕЊЕ У НАСТАВИ ПРИРОДЕ И ДРУШТВА
Authors: Гаврић Неда Б.
Published: September 2022

Наставник о свом раду мора свакодневно да промишља, увијек изналазећи нове начине за иновирање старих метода. Потребно је одговорити на захтјеве савременог друштва, стећи умијеће функционисања у мултикултуралном окружењу, инклузивном раду, у комуниикацији са родитељима, у сфери непрестане измјене курикулума и напретка информационих технологија. Стручно усавршавање у овој професији огледа се кроз цјеложивотно надограђивање компетенција које се односе на: наставну област, предмет и методику наставе, поучавање и учење, подршку развоју личности ученика, и комуникацију и сарадњу. Циљ рада је дефинисати теоријско полазиште компетенција наставника за поучавање и учење, уз посебан осврт на наставу природе и друштва. Наставник компетентан за поучавање и у учење код ученика подстиче разумијевање материје и проблема, руковање информацијама, остваривање трансфера знања, креирање нових идеја и продуката, као и евалуирање истог. Ученици ће код наставника увијек препознати стручност, вољу и континуирани рад на напретку, што ће и њих додатно подстаћи на постизање бољих резултата.
УТИЦАЈ АБИОТИЧКИХ ФАКТОРА НА РАСПРОСТРАЊЕНОСТ ВЕГЕТАЦИЈЕ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Драшковић Бранислав , Голуб Рада
Published: September 2022

Животна активност биљака тече под утицајем спољне средине, под којом се подразумијевају клима, земљиште, ге- олошка подлога, биљни и животињски организми или људска актив- ност, итд. Сви фактори спољне средине или еколошки фактори могу се подијелити на: абиотичке (клима, земљиште, рељеф, итд) и био- тичке (фитогени, зоогени и антропогени). У раду је дат преглед рас- прострањености основних типова вегетације у Републици Српској (РС) и анализиран утицај абиотичких фактора на њихову појаву. Ко- риштено је више база података Copernicus Land Monitoring System (CLMS), европског програма за геофизичко осматрање земљине по- вршине методом даљинске детекције. Као примарни извор података узети су Copernicus Forest и Copernicus Grassland – базе података о шумама и травној вегетацији – и издвојени подаци за територију РС. Ови високорезолуцијски растерски подаци за 2018. годину показују да је РС покривена шумом са 60,1% територије a травном вегетацијом 19,7%. Како би се утврдио утицај и интензитет абиотичких факто- ра на географски распоред вегетације кориштени су подаци о клими, надморској висини, земљишту и сл.