bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebral blood flow patterns in preterm and term neonates assessed with pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI
Authors: Piccirilli Eleonora , Chiarelli Antonio M. , Sestieri Carlo , Mascali Daniele , Calvo Garcia Darien , Primavera Adele , Salomone Rita , Wise Richard G. , Ferretti Antonio , Caulo Massimo
Published: April 2023

In preterm (PT) infants, regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) disturbances may predispose to abnormal brain maturation even without overt brain injury. Therefore, it would be informative to determine the spatial distribution of grey matter (GM) CBF in PT and full‐term (FT) newborns at term‐equivalent age (TEA) and to assess the relationship between the features of the CBF pattern and both prematurity and prematurity‐related brain lesions. In this prospective study, we obtained measures of CBF in 66 PT (51 without and 15 with prematurity‐related brain lesions) and 38 FT newborns through pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI acquired at TEA. The pattern of GM CBF was characterized by combining an atlas‐based automated segmentation of structural MRI with spatial normalization and hierarchical clustering. The effects of gestational age (GA) at birth and brain injury on the CBF pattern were investigated. We identified 4 physiologically‐derived clusters of brain regions that were labeled Fronto‐Temporal, Parieto‐Occipital, Insular‐Deep GM (DGM) and Sensorimotor, from the least to the most perfused. We demonstrated that GM perfusion was associated with GA at birth in the Fronto‐Temporal and Sensorimotor clusters, positively and negatively, respectively. Moreover, the presence of periventricular leukomalacia was associated with significantly increased Fronto‐Temporal GM perfusion and decreased Insular‐DGM perfusion, while the presence of germinal matrix hemorrhage appeared to mildly decrease the Insular‐DGM perfusion. Prematurity and prematurity‐related brain injury heterogeneously affect brain perfusion. ASL MRI may, therefore, have strong potential as a noninvasive tool for the accurate stratification of individuals at risk of domain‐specific impairment.
Effect of magnesium sulfate treatment on mediators of endothelial dysfunction and electrolytes in mild and severe preeclampsia: A case‐control study
Authors: Fondjo Linda A. , Sarpong Davis , Owiredu William K. B. A. , Opoku Stephen , Adu‐Bonsaffoh Kwame , Teviu Emmanuel
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) treatment is widely used for the prevention of eclamptic seizures. However, its effect on mediators of endothelial dysfunction (ED) and electrolytes remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of MgSO4 treatment on mediators of ED and electrolytes.

Methods

We recruited 100 women comprising 50 severe, 50 mild preeclampsia (PE) as cases and 50 normotensive pregnant women as controls from the Sampa Government Hospital, Ghana. We estimated for adrenomedullin (AM), calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1), Na+, K+, and Mg2+ before MgSO4 treatment, 24 h after MgSO4 treatment, and 48 h after delivery. p < 0.05 were considered significant for statistical analyses.

Results

Levels of AM, sICAM‐1, and Na+ decreased significantly at 24 h after MgSO4 treatment and 48 h after delivery among PE women compared to the AM levels before treatment (p < 0.0001). The levels of CGRP and Mg2+ increased significantly after 24 h of MgSO4 treatment and 48 h after delivery among PE compared to the AM levels before treatment (p < 0.0001). The changes in AM, sICAM‐1, CGRP, and Mg2+ at 24 h after treatment and 48 h after delivery were significantly higher in severe compared to mild PE (p < 0.0001). AM levels reduced significantly by 14.7% in mild and 42.7% in severe PE after MgSO₄ treatment (p < 0.05). sICAM‐1 levels reduced significantly by 20.9% in mild and 25% in severe PE after MgSO₄ treatment. After MgSO₄ treatment, there was significant increase of 42.1% and >100% in CGRP levels in mild and severe PE, respectively (p < 0.05). After MgSO₄ treatment, Mg²⁺ levels increased significantly by 67.0% and 63.8% in mild and severe PE, respectively (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

MgSO₄ treatment reduces AM, sICAM‐1, and sodium levels but improves magnesium and CGRP in severe than mild PE thus have more beneficial role in severe PE.
Interleukin‐6 levels can be used to estimate cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality risk in dialysis patients: A meta‐analysis and a systematic review
Authors: Chen Zeyu , Wang Yan
Published: April 2023

Background

Although previous studies have explored the correlation of interleukin (IL)−6 with mortality risk in dialysis patients, the findings have been conflicting. Hence, this meta‐analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the use of IL‐6 measurement for estimating cardiovascular mortality and all‐cause mortality in dialysis patients.

Methods

The Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases were searched to identify relevant studies. After screening out the eligible studies, the data were extracted.

Results

Twenty‐eight eligible studies with 8370 dialysis patients were included. Pooled analyses revealed that higher IL‐6 levels were related to increased cardiovascular mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–1.90) and all‐cause mortality risk (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05–1.17) in dialysis patients. Further subgroup analyses suggested that higher IL‐6 levels were associated with elevated cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.36–1.81) but not in peritoneal dialysis patients (HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.46–2.67). Moreover, sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were robust. Egger's test revealed potential publication bias among studies exploring the correlation of IL‐6 levels with cardiovascular mortality (p = .004) and all‐cause mortality (p < .001); however, publication bias was not observed when using Begg's test (both p > .05).

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis reveals that higher IL‐6 levels could indicate higher risks of cardiovascular mortality and all‐cause mortality in dialysis patients. These findings suggest that monitoring IL‐6 cytokine may help to enhance dialysis management and improve the general prognosis of patients.
Systemic inflammation influences the prognosis of patients with radically resected non‐small cell lung cancer and correlates with the immunosuppressive microenvironment
Authors: Wang Peiyu , Wang Shaodong , Sun Zewen , Li Hao , Zhao Yaxing , Li Yun , Yang Fan , Wang Jun , Chen Kezhong , Qiu Mantang , Li Xiao
Published: April 2023

The impact of host condition on prognosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the interaction between host and NSCLC remain unclear. This study investigated the association between systemic inflammation and prognosis and characteristics of radically resected NSCLC. This study consisted of a cohort study and an exploratory study of institutional prospective databases. All participants underwent video‐assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy as the primary treatment. Systemic inflammation was assessed before surgery using the advanced lung cancer inflammation index and the systemic inflammation response index. Next‐generation sequencing and multiplex immunofluorescence analysis were conducted to delineate tumor characteristics. In the cohort study including 1507 participants, high inflammation was associated with poor disease‐free survival and overall survival before and after propensity score matching and in multivariable analysis. Systemic inflammation showed good prognostic value for stage IA‐IB NSCLC, and the prognostic value diminished with upstaging of NSCLC. In the exploratory study including 217 adenocarcinomas, tumor microenvironment of high inflammation group showed a greater abundance of PDL1+ tumor cells and immune cells, which were independent from driver gene mutations and clinicopathological characteristics. Spatial analysis demonstrated a higher frequency of immune‐suppressed cellular neighborhood, increased avoidance between immune cells and PDL1‐ tumor cells and compromised immune killing and presentation in tumor microenvironment of high inflammation group. Systemic inflammation showed limited association with genomic mutations. Systemic inflammation may influence the prognosis of NSCLC at both the systematic level and the local immune response. The correlation between high inflammation and immunosuppressive microenvironment indicates a novel thread for anticancer treatment.
Genetic profile of borderline ovarian tumors in the Lebanese population by whole‐exome sequencing
Authors: Feghaly Iman , Kourie Hampig , Moubarak Malak , Chouery Eliane , Mehawej Cybel , Jalkh Nadine , Atallah David
Published: April 2023

Objective

To assess the molecular profile of borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) in the Lebanese population by whole‐exome sequencing and to correlate the results with the patients' clinical profiles.

Methods

We included in this retrospective study 33 tumors belonging to 32 Lebanese women presenting with BOT, diagnosed at Hôtel Dieu de France. A total of 234 genes involved in different germinal and somatic types of cancer were analyzed using next‐generation sequencing.

Results

Molecular analysis of these tumors allowed us to detect mutations in genes involved in the mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade in 57.58% of BOT and to identify variants affecting the DNA repair mechanism in 63.89% of samples. Furthermore, our initial analysis revealed an association between defects in DNA double‐strand break repair and the occurrence of mucinous BOT, in 75% of the cases.

Conclusion

This study reports the molecular profiles of BOT in the Lebanese population and compares them to the literature. This is the first study associating the DNA repair pathway to BOT.
Neuromedin B excites central lateral amygdala neurons and reduces cardiovascular output and fear‐potentiated startle
Authors: Boyle Cody A. , Lei Saobo
Published: April 2023

Neuromedin B (NMB) and gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP) are the two mammalian analogs in the bombesin peptide family that exert a variety of actions including emotional processing, appetitive behaviors, cognition, and tumor growth. The bombesin‐like peptides interact with three receptors: the NMB‐preferring bombesin 1 (BB1) receptors, the GRP‐preferring bombesin 2 (BB2) receptors and the orphan bombesin 3 (BB3) receptors. Whereas, injection of bombesin into the central amygdala reduces satiety and modulates blood pressure, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been determined. As administration of bombesin induces the expression of Fos in the lateral nucleus of the central amygdala (CeL) which expresses BB1 receptors, we probed the effects of NMB on CeL neurons using in vitro and in vivo approaches. We showed that activation of the BB1 receptors increased action potential firing frequency recorded from CeL neurons via inhibition of the inwardly rectifying K+(Kir) channels. Activities of phospholipase Cβ and protein kinase C were required, whereas intracellular Ca2+release was unnecessary for BB1 receptor‐elicited potentiation of neuronal excitability. Application of NMB directly into the CeA reduced blood pressure and heart rate and significantly reduced fear‐potentiated startle. We may provide a cellular and molecular mechanism whereby bombesin‐like peptides modulate anxiety and fear responses in the amygdala.
The role of O‐GlcNAcylation mediated by OGT during tooth development
Authors: Pokharel Elina , Aryal Yam P. , Kim Tae‐Young , Kim Anna , Jung Jae‐Kwang , An Seo‐Young , Kwon Tae‐Yub , Min Bong‐Ki , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Cho Sung‐Won , Sohn Wern‐Joo , An Chang‐Hyeon , Lee Youngkyun , Kim Do‐Yeon , Ha Jung‐Hong , Kim Jae‐Young
Published: April 2023

To understand the mechanisms underlying tooth morphogenesis, we examined the developmental roles of important posttranslational modification, O‐GlcNAcylation, which regulates protein stability and activity by the addition and removal of a single sugar (O‐GlcNAc) to the serine or threonine residue of the intracellular proteins. Tissue and developmental stage‐specific immunostaining results against O‐GlcNAc and O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in developing tooth germs would suggest that O‐GlcNAcylation is involved in tooth morphogenesis, particularly in the cap and secretory stage. To evaluate the developmental function of OGT‐mediated O‐GlcNAcylation, we employed an in vitro tooth germ culture method at E14.5, cap stage before secretory stage, for 1 and 2 days, with or without OSMI‐1, a small molecule OGT inhibitor. To examine the mineralization levels and morphological changes, we performed renal capsule transplantation for one and three weeks after 2 days of in vitro culture at E14.5 with OSMI‐1 treatment. After OGT inhibition, morphological and molecular alterations were examined using histology, immunohistochemistry, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, scanning electron microscopy, and ground sectioning. Overall, inhibition of OGT resulted in altered cellular physiology, including proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial rearrangements, with significant changes in the expression patterns of β‐catenin, fibroblast growth factor 4 (fgf4), and sonic hedgehog (Shh). Moreover, renal capsule transplantation and immunolocalizations of Amelogenin and Nestin results revealed that OGT‐inhibited tooth germs at cap stage exhibited with structural changes in cuspal morphogenesis, amelogenesis, and dentinogenesis of the mineralized tooth. Overall, we suggest that OGT‐mediated O‐GlcNAcylation regulates cell signaling and physiology in primary enamel knot during tooth development, thus playing an important role in mouse molar morphogenesis.
“It becomes your whole life”—Exploring experiences of reciprocal translocation carriers and their partners
Authors: Cifuentes Ochoa Marta , Flowers Nicola Jane , Pertile Mark Domenic , Archibald Alison Dalton
Published: April 2023

Reciprocal translocation carriers are often diagnosed when they are experiencing difficulties conceiving or after a pregnancy affected by an unbalanced set of chromosomes inherited from the balanced carrier parent. Having a reciprocal translocation is not uncommon; carriers can benefit from reproductive options to achieve a healthy, chromosomally balanced, pregnancy. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of carriers and their partners. We conducted 13 semi‐structured telephone interviews. Participants were recruited through Victorian Clinical Genetics Services and interviews took place between May and September 2020. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Reciprocal translocation carriers and their partners described long term emotional and reproductive impacts, with carrier status identified at the time of prenatal diagnosis having marked emotional consequences. Couples facing reproductive challenges found the diagnosis created uncertainty for their future. When considering a pregnancy, couples worried about experiencing a miscarriage; during pregnancy, there was a reluctance to have an invasive diagnostic procedure due to fearing the risk of losing an unaffected pregnancy. Adaptation to their new reality involved having access to accurate information, peer support and maintaining hope. Couples valued having the option to know the carrier status of their children. The complex impacts of carrying a reciprocal translocation highlight the importance of access to specialist genetic counseling services to ensure couples are supported in understanding the implications of their translocation
Potentially avoidable emergency department use by patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities
Authors: Tian Ye , Ayyappan Vinay , Hemmert Keith , Myers Jennifer , Gitelman Yevgeniy , Ryskina Kira
Published: April 2023

One‐third of patients discharged from hospitals to skilled nursing facilities (SNF) are sent back to the Emergency Department (ED) within 30 days. Little is known about those patients who are discharged from the ED directly back to SNF. We considered these ED visits as potentially avoidable since they did not result in observation or hospitalization stay. Using a retrospective chart review of 1010 patients with ED visits within 14‐days of discharge to SNF from University of Pennsylvania health system (UPHS) in 2020–2021, we identified 202 patients with potentially avoidable ED visits among medical and surgical patients. The most common reasons for these ED visits were mechanical falls (17.3%), postoperative problems (16.8%), and cardiac or pulmonary complaints (11.4%). Future interventions to decrease avoidable ED visits from SNFs should aim to provide access for SNF patients to receive timely outpatient lab and imaging services and postoperative follow‐ups.
Extrinsic and intrinsic musculature of the raptorial forelegs in Mantodea (Insecta) in the light of functionality and sexual dimorphism
Authors: Bäumler Fabian , Gorb Stanislav N. , Büsse Sebastian
Published: April 2023

Prehensile raptorial forelegs are prey capturing and grasping devices, best known for praying mantises (Mantodea) within insects. They show strong morphological and behavioral adaptations toward a lifestyle as generalist arthropod predators. In the past, few species of Mantodea were investigated, concerning morphological variability of the raptorial forelegs. Especially the knowledge of foreleg anatomy in the light of functional and comparative morphology is scarce. Our comparative approach is based on the, for arthropods very common, “female‐biased sexual size dimorphism” (SSD) that occurs in almost every Mantodea species. Within Mantodea, this SSD is likely leading to a shift of the exploited ecological niche between male and female individuals due to changes in, for example, the possible prey size; which might be reflected in the chosen ecomorphs. In this context, we analyzed the musculature of the raptorial forelegs of female and male specimens in five different species with varying SSD, using high‐resolution microcomputed tomography and dissection. We were able to confirm the presence of 15 extrinsic and 15 intrinsic muscles—including one previously undescribed muscle present in all species. Thus, presenting a detailed description and illustrative three‐dimensional anatomical visualization of the musculature in Mantodea. Interestingly, almost no observable differences were found, neither between species, nor between the sexes. Furthermore, we homologized all described muscles, due to their attachment points, to the comprehensive nomenclature established by Friedrich and Beutel (2008), discussed potential functionality of the muscles and possible homologies to the neuropteran Mantispa styriaca (Büsse et al., 2021) and the newly introduced leg nomenclature by Aibekova et al. (2022). By elucidating the anatomy, particularly in the context of functionality and SSD, our results complement previous knowledge of the raptorial forelegs, and facilitate a better understanding of the underlying biomechanical system of the predatory strike, and ultimately, a future comparison to other insect taxa.
Orientin inhibits inflammation in chondrocytes and attenuates osteoarthritis through Nrf2/NF‐κB and SIRT6/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Xia Weiyi , Xiao Jian , Tong ChengLin , Lu Jiajie , Tu Yurong , Li Sunlong , Ni Libing , Shi Yifeng , Luo Peng , Zhang Xiaolei , Wang Xiangyang
Published: April 2023

Effects of Orientin on murine chondrocytes treated with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) were evaluated using qPCR, western blot analysis, ELISA, and immunofluorescent staining in vitro. In vivo, We established a standard OA model by performing the destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) surgery on C57BL/6 mice, and assessed healing effect of Orientin by X‐ray imaging, histopathological analysis, immunohistochemical staining. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of degenerative joint disease in clinic and the chondrocyte inflammation plays the most important role in OA development. The natural flavonoid compound (Orientin) has anti‐inflammatory bioactive properties in the treatment of various diseases. But studies have not explored whether Orientin modulates OA progression. In this study, a significant suppression in IL‐1β‐mediated pro‐inflammatory mediators and the degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) was observed in vitro through qPCR, western blot analysis, ELISA, and immunofluorescent staining after the treatment with Orientin. In addition, Orientin abrogated DMM surgery induced cartilage degradation in mice, which was assessed by X‐ray imaging, histopathological analysis, immunohistochemical staining. Mechanistic studies showed that Orientin suppressed OA development by downregulating activation of NF‐κB by activating Nrf2/HO‐1 axis and SIRT6 signaling pathway. These results provide evidence that Orientin serves as a potentially viable compound for the treatment of OA.
Extra‐articular biceps tendon supplement release in total knee arthroplasty for valgus deformity combined with severe flexion contracture
Authors: Wang Yiming , Geng Lei , Zhao Runkai , Yang Jianfeng , Cheng Long , Xin Peng , Wang Yan , Zhang Guoqiang
Published: April 2023

To investigate the efficacy of extra‐articular biceps tendon supplement (EBS) release in the treatment of valgus knee with severe flexion contracture. We retrospectively studied 27 patients who received EBS release for valgus knee combined with severe flexion contracture from 2018 to 2021. The full‐length radiograph of the lower limbs in a standing position was taken before and after the operation, and the tibiofemoral angles before and after the operation were measured on the full‐length radiograph of the lower limbs. Knee joint motion measurement and KSS scoring were performed before and after the operation (3 months, 6 months, and 1 year), and the obtained data were compared before and after the operation to evaluate clinical results. Compared with preoperation, postoperative HKA (p < 0.01), ROM at 3 months (p < 0.01), 6 months (p < 0.01), and 1 year (p < 0.01) were significantly improved, and KSS scores at 3 months (p < 0.01), 6 months (p < 0.01), and 1 year (p < 0.01) were significantly improved. Our EBS release has good clinical results for the treatment of valgus knee with severe flexion contracture.
Intestinal microbiomics and hepatic metabolomics insights into the potential mechanisms of probiotic Bifidobacterium pseudolongumCCFM1253 preventing acute liver injury in mice
Authors: Guo Weiling , Cui Shumao , Tang Xin , Yan Yongqiu , Xiong Feifei , Zhang Qiuxiang , Zhao Jianxin , Mao Bingyong , Zhang Hao
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Bifidobacterium pseudolongum is widely exists in mammal gut and its abundance is associated with human and animal health. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of B. pseudolongum CCFM1253 on protecting against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute liver injury (ALI) by metagenomic analysis and liver metabolomic profiles.

RESULTS

Bifidobacterium pseudolongum CCFM1253 preintervention remarkably attenuated the influence of LPS on serum alanine transaminase and aspartate amino transferase activities. B. pseudolongum CCFM1253 preintervention remarkably attenuated the inflammation responses (tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, and interleukin‐6) and elevated antioxidative enzymes activities [total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase] in ALI mice by intervening in the Nf‐kβ and Nrf2 pathways, respectively. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum CCFM1253 treatment elevated the proportion of Alistipes and Bifidobacterium, and decreased the proportion of uncultured Bacteroidales bacterium, Muribaculum, Parasutterella and Ruminococcaceae UCG‐010 in ALI mice, which were strongly correlated with the inhibition of inflammation responses and oxidative stress. Untargeted liver metabolomics exhibited that the hepatoprotective efficacy of B. pseudolongum CCFM1253 might be achieved by altering liver metabolites‐related riboflavin metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, alanine, citrate cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), and so on. Furthermore, riboflavin exposure could control the contents of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in hydrogen peroxide‐treated HepG2 cells.

CONCLUSION

Bifidobacterium pseudolongum CCFM1253 can effectively alleviate inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and regulate the intestinal microbiota composition and liver metabolism, and elevate the liver riboflavin content in LPS‐treated mice. Therefore, B. pseudolongum CCFM1253 could serves as a potential probiotic to ameliorate the host health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel ultra large size organic light emitting diode display for premium televisions
Authors: Shin Hong Jae , Kim Yong Ho , Kim Dong Myoung , Yun Seong Ho , Bae Sung Joon , Kim Han Seop , Lee Hyeon Woo , Oh Chang Ho
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we present novel ultra large size organic light emitting diode (OLED) display technologies with high image quality for premium televisions (TVs) using an advanced coplanar oxide thin film transistor (TFT) backplane, microlens array (MLA)‐based OLED, small size gate driver in panel for narrow bezel, and pixel charging enhancement method with external compensation. Using these technologies, we improved the luminance efficiency about 20% and reduced the integrated gate driver design area to 40%. We have achieved the life time of the gate driver in panel longer than 100,000 h in reliability test. The pixel charging ratio is more than 80% in all gray levels. Using the developed OLED display, we have successfully developed up to ultra large size 88‐in. 8K and 97‐in. 4K OLED TVs.
Cuento de nunca acabar [never‐ending story]: Compounding trauma and mental health among undocumented Latinx immigrants
Authors: Navarro Flores Cynthia M , Vázquez Alejandro L , Galvan Thania , Garcini Luz M.
Published: April 2023

Research examining the effects of traumatic events on undocumented Latinx immigrants often focuses on assessing posttraumatic stress disorder or general psychological distress, which may obscure the field's understanding of how trauma exposure impacts other common mental health disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression). This study sought to assess the cumulative, individual, and timing effects of immigration‐related traumatic events on anxiety and depressive symptoms among undocumented Latinx immigrants. Participants were 253 undocumented Latinx immigrants recruited using respondent‐driven sampling who reported their history of immigration‐related trauma exposure and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results suggest that cumulative immigration‐related trauma was significantly associated with increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms, τ = .26. Significant positive correlations were found for cumulative trauma at each point in the immigration process (i.e., before immigration, while in transit to the United States, and while living in the United States) such that increases in the number of events were associated with higher anxiety and depressive symptom levels, τ = .11–.29. Trauma frequency differed throughout the immigration process such that some events more commonly occurred before immigration or during transit to the United States, whereas others occurred while an individual resided in the United States. Random forest algorithms uncovered differences in the relative importance of individual traumatic events in explaining the variance of depressive, R2 = .13, and anxiety symptoms, R2 = .14. The findings highlight the importance of providing trauma‐informed care when treating anxiety and depression among undocumented Latinx immigrants and considering multidimensional epidemiological approaches in assessing immigration‐related trauma.
Training in Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kennedy Eoghan J. , Cleere Eoin F. , Crotty Thomas J. , Keogh Ivan J.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Despite the increasing popularity of Endoscopic Ear Surgery (EES), there is a lack of evidence to guide trainees as they introduce EES into practice. This review aims to evaluate training in EES including the optimal introductory procedures, methods of training, the learning curve, and the determination of competency in EES. In addition, this review seeks to identify any areas falling within these themes requiring further clarification.

Data Sources

A database search of Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library was conducted in June 2022. Original articles, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses reporting on training in EES, introduction into practice, learning curves, and competency assessment were included.

Review Methods

A scoping review was carried out in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and reported according to PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. A qualitative assessment of results grouped thematically was performed.

Results

Twenty‐eight studies met the inclusion criteria, with 24 rating as “fair” or “good” on quality assessment. Surgical simulation was the most frequently described method of training as utilized in 11 studies. The most suggested introductory procedure was tympanoplasty which was advocated for in five studies. Heterogeneity existed in the outcomes and methodologies used to measure EES learning curves, with an overreliance on surgical times. No robust definition of competency in EES procedures exists at present.

Conclusions

Surgical simulation appears to be a beneficial training methodology for EES. However, there is a marked lack of objective data to describe the optimal introductory procedures or assessment of competency in EES. Laryngoscope, 133:3269–3278, 2023
Colorimetric Polymer Sensors for Smart Packaging
Authors: Escher Andrea , Megahd Heba , Tavella Christian , Comoretto Davide , Lova Paola
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, consumers can estimate the condition of packaged foods only by checking the expiration date on the label. However, this approach is inefficient when it comes to assessing the actual edibility of fresh products, since the events that accelerate the onset of degradation phenomena, such as a rise in temperature, cannot be continuously assessed. In this context, the detection of a different parameter, such as low concentration of amines, can reveal the onset of degradation processes. Here, a colorimetric photonic multilayer sensor is reported for detecting low amine concentrations suitable for sealed packages. The sensor consists of alternating layers of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) and polyacrylic acid, and its response is based on the selective interaction between the latter and amines. This interaction causes the polymer layers to swell and introduce disorder into the photon structure, resulting in fading its bright color. Since the reaction of these systems is usually reversible, manipulation or false readings are possible due to inapt sealing of the package. It is shown that the activation of carboxylic acid residues of the sensitive polymer with N‐hydroxysuccinimide produces an irreversible response to amine vapor concentrations as low as 3 parts per billion.
Ubiquitin ligase MARCH8 promotes the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through PTEN ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: Xu Yingchen , Zhang Dongxin , Ji Jiajun , Zhang Lijun
Published: April 2023

Membrane‐associated ring‐CH‐type finger 8 (MARCH8) belongs to the MARCH family of membrane‐bound E3 ubiquitin ligases. The N‐terminus of MARCH family members contains the C4HC3 RING‐finger domain, which can bind to E2 ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes, ubiquitinate substrate proteins, and thereby promote protein degradation through the proteasome pathway. The aim of this study was to determine the role of MARCH8 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We first analyzed the clinical relevance of MARCH8 based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect MARCH8 expression in human HCC samples. Migration and invasion assays were conducted in vitro. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN)‐related markers was evaluated in HCC cells through Western blot analysis. MARCH8 was highly expressed in human HCC tissues, and its high expression was inversely correlated with patients’ survival. Disrupting MARCH8 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression of HCC cells, while also promoting their apoptosis. In contrast, the overexpression of MARCH8 significantly enhanced cell proliferation. Mechanistically, our results showed that MARCH8 interacted with PTEN and suppressed the protein stability of PTEN by enhancing its ubiquitination level via the proteasome. MARCH8 also activated AKT in HCC cells and tumors. In vivo, overexpression of MARCH8 could promote the growth of hepatic tumors through the AKT pathway. MARCH8 may promote the malignant progression of HCC by promoting the ubiquitination of PTEN, thereby relieving the inhibitory effect of PTEN on the malignant phenotype of HCC cells.
Postrelease Mortality of Angled Tarpon in Puerto Rico
Authors: Horowitz Laura B. , Allen Peter J. , Neal J. Wesley , Correa Sandra B.
Published: April 2023

Tarpon Megalops atlanticus is a popular and economically important inshore sport fish in Puerto Rico, and the pursuit of this species by local anglers and tourists contributes to the economy. This species is managed as a no-take fishery, which aims to preserve populations by catching and releasing fish that would otherwise be subjected to harvest and removal from the population. The approach assumes minimal mortality and/or reduced fitness of released fish, yet the process of angling can produce many sublethal side effects or direct mortality. In this study, charter angling for Tarpon in the San Juan lagoon system in Puerto Rico was examined to determine postrelease mortality. Angled fish were externally tagged with acoustic transmitters and relocated periodically to determine the fate after release. Postrelease mortality was at least 4.5% (two fish observed dead) and at most 18.2% (observed dead plus classified dead based on lack of movement; confidence interval [CI] = 7.5–28.9%). Some tag loss was observed, which could have artificially elevated classified mortality estimates. Potential factors that contribute to mortality are discussed and compared to the literature. Hook type, gear action, landing procedures, and air exposure were key areas of possible improvement. Recommendations to minimize fish harm during angling include the use of heavier action gear to reduce fight time, a circle hook requirement for live bait to reduce deep hooking, maintaining fish in the water during landing and photography, and limiting air exposure to 2 min or less if fish are removed from the water.
Minimally Invasive Collection of Biometric Data Including Maturation Stage on European Eel Using Photography
Authors: Höhne Leander , Pohlmann Jan-Dag , Freese Marko
Published: April 2023

In response to the severe decline of the European Eel Anguilla anguilla stock in recent decades, various data frameworks and research efforts toward improved management rely on the availability of site-specific biometric data. At the same time, scientists are obligated to minimize the negative effects (stress, harm, and sacrifice) of their samplings on individuals and the population without compromising data quality. In-field methods for biometric measurements must be quick, precise, and practical for the user. Essential information that is typically required in (large-scale) eel monitoring programs includes body length, mass, sex, and maturation stage. As live eels are difficult to handle, individuals are typically anesthetized or killed (and sometimes stored frozen to postpone measurements) to obtain the necessary biometrics. The primary purpose of this paper was to explore the suitability of a nonlethal method based on photography for obtaining essential biometrics and maturation stage from live European Eels A. anguilla in a timely manner. In addition, we evaluated the relative accuracy of measuring the parameters that are necessary for assessing maturation stages in eels after defrosting and examined the necessity of correcting for potential shrinkage of eyes and pectoral fin. Both procedures were compared against a standard reference of measurements from freshly killed eels. We found that the minimally invasive method using alive measurements of eels' body length and mass together with digital measurements of eyes and pectoral fin from photographs had the highest agreement for maturation stage outcome with the fresh reference. Our results further reveal the necessity of correcting for shrinkage of eyes and pectoral fins (in addition to length and mass) after freezing to maximize reliability in stage classification. Consequently, we provide specialized formulae to apply shrinkage corrections for eye diameter and pectoral fin length.
Clinical characteristics and genotype analysis of a Chinese patient with juvenile arthritis due to novel LACC1 frameshift mutation and literature review
Authors: Wu Yali , Wang Shasha , Yin Wen , Yin Wei , Ding Yan
Published: April 2023

Background

Some juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients have a familial aggregation of the disease, and a few have been found to have a juvenile arthritis (JA) phenotype caused by a genetic mutation. JA due to LACC1 defects is a rare condition and it was never reported in China.

Methods

The clinical and molecular characteristics of a child with LACC1 gene mutation‐related juvenile arthritis, diagnosed by high‐throughput sequencing in Wuhan children's Hospital in 2021 were analyzed retrospectively; The literature and database were reviewed to summarize the clinical data and genotype characteristics of patients with JA caused by LACC1 gene mutation.

Results

Here, we report a 19‐month‐old Chinese male patient who presented with bilateral limb edema without a history of fever. Laboratory tests showed had moderate anemia and signs of inflammation: hemoglobin of 76 g/L, white blood cell count of 20.53 × 109, and platelet count of 1194 × 109; MRI showed the patient had synovitis and tenosynovitis in bilateral hands and wrists. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) detected compound heterozygous variants, novel c.446_449dupTAAA and c.889T>C, in the LACC1 gene. Of the 52 patients reported in the literature (including this case), 38.9% had clinical symptoms of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), which tended to be caused by loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutation. Findings in this study expanded the spectrum of pathogenic variants and reveal the phenotypic heterogeneity of LACC1‐JA.

Conclusions

Our study reported a rare case of juvenile arthritis, which is due to the compound heterozygous mutation of LACC1, including a new novel frameshift mutation c.446_449dupTAAA, and LACC1 C297R variant causes disease by potentially modifying the local conformation of proteins. The clinical and genetic findings in our study show that LACC1‐JA is highly heterogeneous, and gene testing is required for juvenile arthritis patients with a high inflammatory response at a young onset age.
Alzheimer biomarkers esteem by sampling Kantorovich algorithm
Authors: Costarelli Danilo , Seracini Marco , Travaglini Arianna , Vinti Gianluca
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we take advantage of the reconstruction properties of the sampling Kantorovich (SK) algorithm to estimate the volume of the human brain for the quantification of Alzheimer's biomarkers. At first, the goodness of the reconstructions is evaluated, comparing it to different interpolation methods by means of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) index; then the stereological Cavalieri/Point‐counting technique is used to infer volumetric data starting from the knowledge of the planar sections. The comparison of the achieved results with synthetic references confirms the good performances of the new methodology.
A randomized‐controlled trial to evaluate the app‐based multimodal weight loss program zanadio for patients with obesity
Authors: Roth Lena , Ordnung Madeleine , Forkmann Katarina , Mehl Nora , Horstmann Annette
Published: April 2023

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the app‐based, multimodal weight loss program zanadio.

Methods

A randomized‐controlled trial was conducted from January 2021 to March 2022. A total of 150 adults with obesity were randomized into an intervention group and used zanadio for 1 year or into a wait list control group. The primary end point, weight change, and the secondary end points, quality of life, well‐being, and waist to height ratio, were assessed every 3 months for up to 1 year via telephone interviews and online questionnaires.

Results

After 12 months, participants of the intervention group lost, on average, −7.75% (95% CI: −9.66% to −5.84%) of their initial weight, achieving a clinically relevant and statistically stronger weight reduction than the control group (mean = 0.00% [95% CI: −1.98% to 1.99%]). All secondary end points improved significantly in the intervention group, with significantly greater improvements in well‐being and waist to height ratio than in the control group.

Conclusions

This study showed that adults with obesity who have used zanadio achieved a significant and clinically relevant weight loss within 12 months and improved further obesity‐related health variables compared with a control group. Because of its effectiveness and flexible applicability, the app‐based multimodal treatment zanadio might alleviate the present care gap for patients with obesity in Germany.
Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, gastric banding, or sleeve gastrectomy for severe obesity: Baseline data from the By‐Band‐Sleeve randomized controlled trial
Authors:   By‐Band‐Sleeve Collaborative Group
Published: April 2023

Objective

This paper reports the study design, participant characteristics, and recruitment results of By‐Band‐Sleeve, which investigated the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of gastric bypass, gastric banding, and sleeve gastrectomy in adults with severe obesity in the UK.

Methods

A pragmatic open adaptive noninferiority trial with 3‐year follow‐up was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to bypass or band initially and to sleeve after the adaptation. Co‐primary end points are weight loss and health‐related quality of life assessed using the EQ‐5D utility index.

Results

Between December 2012 and August 2015, the study recruited into two groups and, after the adaptation, into three groups until September 2019. The study screened 6960 patients; 4732 (68%) were eligible and 1351 (29%) were randomized; 5 subsequently withdrew consent to use data, leaving 462, 464, and 420 assigned to bypass, band, and sleeve, respectively. Baseline data showed high levels of obesity (mean BMI = 46.4 kg/m2; SD: 6.9) and comorbidities (e.g., 31% diabetes), low scores for health‐related quality of life, and high levels of anxiety and depression (e.g., 25% abnormal scores). Nutritional parameters were poor, and the average equivalized household income was low (£16,667).

Conclusions

By‐Band‐Sleeve fully recruited. Participant characteristics are consistent with contemporary patients having bariatric surgery, and therefore the results will be generalizable.
Synergistic effects of zinc borate and graphene on enhanced thermal stability and antimicrobial properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Iyigundogdu Zeynep
Published: April 2023

The use of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) as reinforcing material for thermoplastic polymer matrices, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and zinc borate (ZnB), as an antimicrobial and fire‐retardant agent was studied. PMMA‐ZnB and PMMA‐GnP‐ZnB (ZG) composite films were fabricated with different ZnB concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 wt%) by solvent casting method using acetone. The effect of additives on the antimicrobial activity, thermal and mechanical properties, and surface morphologies of the composites were investigated. Antimicrobial surface activity tests were conducted against seven microorganisms, including bacterial and fungal species. An improvement in antimicrobial activity by up to 99.99% with increasing ZnB content was observed. Thermal stability was increased with increasing concentration of ZnB and a combination of ZnB and GnP additions. 10% ZG‐based composites increased the % char residue value of PMMA from 0.5% to 9.3%. The incorporation of the ZnB and GnP into the PMMA matrix resulted in an increase in the calculated limiting oxygen index (LOI). 10% and 50% weight loss temperature increased by 11.7°C and 3.7°C, respectively, for 10% ZG composites. The Young's modulus of the composites increased with increasing ZnB and a combination of ZnB and GnP loading (increasing by 16% to 2033 MPa with the addition of 10 wt% ZG). The commercial application for this study would be in high touch and piano black automotive interior, construction, and medical applications.
MicroRNA dysregulation in the heart and lung of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Koussa Sara , Dombkowski Alan , Cukovic Daniela , Poulik Janet , Sood Beena G.
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious complication of preterm birth, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have suggested that microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of BPD and may serve as biomarkers for early detection. We conducted a directed search for dysregulated miRNAs in lung and heart autopsy samples of infants with histologic BPD.

Methods

We used archived lung and heart samples from BPD (13 lung, 6 heart) and control (24 lung, 5 heart) subjects. To measure miRNA expression, RNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens then reverse‐transcribed, labeled, and hybridized to miRNA microarrays. The microarrays were scanned, and data were quantile normalized. Statistical analysis with a moderated t‐test and control of the false discovery rate (5%) was used to compare normalized miRNA expression values between clinical categories.

Results

With our set of 48 samples, 43 miRNAs had a significant difference in expression comparing BPD to non‐BPD controls. Among the most statistically significant miRNAs, miR‐378b, miRNA‐184, miRNA‐3667‐5p, miRNA‐3976, miRNA‐4646‐5p, and miRNA‐7846‐3p were all consistently upregulated in both the heart and lung tissues of BPD subjects. The cellular pathway predicted to be most affected by these miRNAs is the Hippo signaling pathway.

Conclusions

This study identifies miRNAs that are similarly dysregulated in postmortem lung and heart samples in subjects with histologic BPD. These miRNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of BPD, have potential as biomarkers, and may provide insight to novel approaches for diagnosis and treatment.