bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prehospital Advanced Diagnostics and Treatment of Acute Stroke: Protocol for a Controlled Intervention Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bache Kristi G , Hov Maren Ranhoff , Larsen Karianne , Solyga Volker Moræus , Lund Christian G
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a medical emergency. The outcome is closely linked to the time elapsing from symptom onset to treatment, and seemingly small delays can mean the difference between full recovery and physical and cognitive dysfunction. Recanalization to allow blood to reenter the affected area is most efficient immediately after symptoms occur, and intravenous thrombolysis must be initiated no later than 4.5 hours after the symptom onset. A liable diagnosis is mandatory to administer the appropriate treatment. Prehospital diagnosis and, in cases where contraindications are ruled out, prehospital initiation of intravenous thrombolysis have been shown to significantly decrease the time from alarm to the treatment.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of prehospital thrombolysis as measured by (1) time spent from symptom onset to treatment and (2) the number of patients treated within 4.5 hours. In addition, we want to conduct explorative studies. These will include (1) the use of biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic use where we will collect blood samples from various time points, including the hyperacute phase and (2) the study of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images at day 1 to determine the infarct volume and if the time to thrombolysis has an influence on this.

METHODS

This is a prospective controlled intervention study. The intervention will involve a computed tomography (CT) and thrombolysis in a physician-manned ambulance called a mobile stroke unit (MSU). The control will be the conventional pathway where the patient is transported to the hospital for CT, and thrombolysis as per current procedure.

RESULTS

Patient inclusion has started and a total of 37 patients are enrolled (control and intervention combined). The estimated time to completed inclusion is 36 months, starting from May 2017. The results of this study will be analyzed and published at the end of the trial.

CONCLUSIONS

This trial aims to document the feasibility of saving time for all stroke patients by providing prehospital diagnostics and treatment, as well as transport to appropriate level of care, in a safe environment provided by anesthesiologists trained in prehospital critical care.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03158259; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03158259 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6wxNEUMUD)
Experiences of Indian Health Workers Using WhatsApp for Improving Aseptic Practices With Newborns: Exploratory Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Pahwa Parika , Lunsford Sarah , Livesley Nigel
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Quality improvement (QI) involves the following 4 steps: (1) forming a team to work on a specific aim, (2) analyzing the reasons for current underperformance, (3) developing changes that could improve care and testing these changes using plan-do-study-act cycles (PDSA), and (4) implementing successful interventions to sustain improvements. Teamwork and group discussion are key for effective QI, but convening in-person meetings with all staff can be challenging due to workload and shift changes. Mobile technologies can support communication within a team when face-to-face meetings are not possible. WhatsApp, a mobile messaging platform, was implemented as a communication tool by a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) team in an Indian tertiary hospital seeking to reduce nosocomial infections in newborns.

OBJECTIVE

This exploratory qualitative study aimed to examine experiences with WhatsApp as a communication tool among improvement team members and an external coach to improve adherence to aseptic protocols.

METHODS

Ten QI team members and the external coach were interviewed on communication processes and approaches and thematically analyzed. The WhatsApp transcript for the implementation period was also included in the analysis.

RESULTS

WhatsApp was effective for disseminating information, including guidance on QI and clinical practice, and data on performance indicators. It was not effective as a platform for group discussion to generate change ideas or analyze the performance indicator data. The decision of who to include in the WhatsApp group and how members engaged in the group may have reinforced existing hierarchies. Using WhatsApp created a work environment in which members were accessible all the time, breaking down barriers between personal and professional time. The continual influx of messages was distracting to some respondents, and how respondents managed these messages (eg, using the silent function) may have influenced their perceptions of WhatsApp. The coach used WhatsApp to share information, schedule site visits, and prompt action on behalf of the team.

CONCLUSIONS

WhatsApp is a productive communication tool that can be used by teams and coaches to disseminate information and prompt action to improve the quality of care, but cannot replace in-person meetings.
Feasibility of a Mobile Phone App to Support Recovery From Addiction in China: Secondary Analysis of a Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Han Hui , Zhang Jing Ying , Hser Yih-Ing , Liang Di , Li Xu , Wang Shan Shan , Du Jiang , Zhao Min
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Mobile health technologies have been found to improve the self-management of chronic diseases. However, there is limited research regarding their feasibility in supporting recovery from substance use disorders (SUDs) in China.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of a mobile phone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) app by testing the concordance of drug use assessed by the EMA, urine testing, and a life experience timeline (LET) assessment.

METHODS

A total of 75 participants dependent on heroin or amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) in Shanghai were recruited to participate in a 4-week pilot study. Of the participants, 50 (67% [50/75]) were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 25 (33% [25/75]) were assigned to the control group. The experimental group used mobile health (mHealth) based EMA technology to assess their daily drug use in natural environments and received 2 short health messages each day, whereas the control group only received 2 short health messages each day from the app. Urine tests and LET assessments were conducted each week and a post-intervention survey was administered to both groups. The correlations among the EMA, the LET assessment, and the urine test were investigated.

RESULTS

The mean age of the participants was 41.6 (SD 8.0) years, and 71% (53/75) were male. During the 4 weeks of observation, 690 daily EMA survey data were recorded, with a response rate of 49.29% (690/1400). With respect to drug use, the percent of agreement between the EMA and the LET was 66.7%, 79.2%, 72.4%, and 85.8%, respectively, for each of the 4 weeks, whereas the percent of agreement between the EMA and the urine test was 51.2%, 65.1%, 61.9%, and 71.5%, respectively. The post-intervention survey indicated that 46% (32/70) of the participants preferred face-to-face interviews rather than the mHealth app.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated poor agreement between the EMA data and the LET and found that the acceptance of mHealth among individuals with SUDs in China was not positive. Hence, greater efforts are needed to improve the feasibility of mHealth in China.
Digital Health Interventions for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Study of Patient Perspectives on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (Preprint)
Authors: Pal Kingshuk , Dack Charlotte , Ross Jamie , Michie Susan , May Carl , Stevenson Fiona , Farmer Andrew , Yardley Lucy , Barnard Maria , Murray Elizabeth
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing globally, and health services in many countries are struggling with the morbidity, mortality, and costs associated with the complications of this long-term condition. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) and behavioral support can reduce the risks of developing diabetes-related complications and improve glycemic control. However, their uptake is low. Digital health interventions (DHI) can provide sustained support and may overcome challenges associated with attending diabetes self-management sessions. They have the potential for delivery at multiple locations at convenient times, anonymity, and presentation of content in attractive and tailored formats. This study investigates the needs and wants of patients with type 2 diabetes to inform the development of digital self-management education and support.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to explore patient perspectives on unmet needs for self-management and support and the role of DHI in adults living with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

This study used a qualitative approach based on data generated from 4 focus groups with 20 patients.

RESULTS

The data generated by the focus groups illustrated the significant burden that the diagnosis of diabetes places on many patients and the negative impacts on their emotional well-being, work, social life, and physical health. Although patients’ experiences of the health care services varied, there was agreement that even the best services were unable to meet all users’ needs to support the emotional regulation, psychological adjustment, and behavioral changes needed for successful self-management.

CONCLUSIONS

By focusing on medical management and information provision, existing health care services and education programs may not be adequately meeting all the needs of patients with type 2 diabetes. DHIs have the potential to improve access to DSME and behavioral support and extend the range of content offered by health services to fit with a wider range of patient needs. Features that could help DHIs address some of the unmet needs described by participants in this study included placing an emphasis on emotional and role management, being available at all times, having up-to-date evidence-based guidance for patients, and providing access to peer-generated and professional advice.
A Text Message Intervention with Adaptive Goal Support to Reduce Alcohol Consumption Among Non-Treatment-Seeking Young Adults: Non-Randomized Clinical Trial with Voluntary Length of Enrollment (Preprint)
Authors: Suffoletto Brian , Chung Tammy , Muench Frederick , Monti Peter , Clark Duncan B
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Stand-alone text message–based interventions can reduce binge drinking episodes (≥4 drinks for women and ≥5 drinks for men) among nontreatment-seeking young adults, but may not be optimized. Adaptive text message support could enhance effectiveness by assisting context-specific goal setting and striving, but it remains unknown how to best integrate it into text message interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to evaluate young adults’ engagement with a text message intervention, Texting to Reduce Alcohol Consumption 2 (TRAC2), which focuses on reducing weekend alcohol consumption. TRAC2 incorporated preweekend drinking-limit goal-commitment ecological momentary assessments (EMA) tailored to past 2-week alcohol consumption, intraweekend goal reminders, self-efficacy EMA with support tailored to goal confidence, and maximum weekend alcohol consumption EMA with drinking limit goal feedback.

METHODS

We enrolled 38 nontreatment-seeking young adults (aged 18 to 25 years) who screened positive for hazardous drinking in an urban emergency department. Following a 2-week text message assessment-only run-in, subjects were given the opportunity to enroll in 4-week intervention blocks. We examined patterns of EMA responses and voluntary re-enrollment. We then examined how goal commitment and goal self-efficacy related to event-level alcohol consumption. Finally, we examined the association of length of TRAC2 exposure with alcohol-related outcomes from baseline to 3-month follow-up.

RESULTS

Among a diverse sample of young adults (56% [28/50] female, 54% [27/50] black, 32% [12/50] college enrolled), response rates to EMA queries were, on average, 82% for the first 4-week intervention block, 75% for the second 4-week block, and 73% for the third 4-week block. In the first 4 weeks of the intervention, drinking limit goal commitment was made 68/71 times it was prompted (96%). The percentage of subjects being prompted to commit to a drinking limit goal above the binge threshold was 52% (15/29) in week 1 and decreased to 0% (0/15) by week 4. Subjects met their goal 130/146 of the times a goal was committed to (89.0%). There were lower rates of goal success when subjects reported lower confidence (score <4) in meeting the goal (76% [32/42 weekends]) compared with that when subjects reported high confidence (98% [56/57 weekends]; P=.001). There were reductions in alcohol consumption from baseline to 3 months, but reductions were not different by length of intervention exposure.

CONCLUSIONS

Preliminary evidence suggests that nontreatment-seeking young adults will engage with a text message intervention incorporating self-regulation support features, resulting in high rates of weekend drinking limit goal commitment and goal success.
Telegerontology as a Novel Approach to Address Health and Safety by Supporting Community-Based Rural Dementia Care Triads: Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Wallack Elizabeth M. , Harris Chelsea , Ploughman Michelle , Butler Roger
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Telegerontology is an approach using videoconferencing to connect an interdisciplinary team in a regional specialty center to patients in rural communities, which is becoming increasingly practical for addressing current limitations in rural community-based dementia care.

OBJECTIVE

Using the remotely-delivered expertise of the Telegerontology dementia care team, we aim to enhance the caregiver/patient/physician triad and thereby provide the necessary support for the person with dementia to “age in place.”

METHODS

This is a cluster randomized feasibility trial with four rural regions in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (2 regions randomly assigned to “intervention” and 2 to “control”). The study population includes 22 “dementia triads” that consist of a community-dwelling older Canadian with moderate to late dementia, their family caregivers, and their Primary Care Physician (PCP). Over the 6-month active study period, all participants will be provided an iPad. The intervention is intended as an adjunct to existing PCP care, consisting of weekly Skype-based videoconferencing calls with the Telegerontology physician, and other team members as needed (occupational therapist, physical therapist etc). Control participants receive usual community-based dementia care with their PCP. A baseline (pre-) assessment will be performed during a home visit with the study team. Post intervention, 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments will be collected remotely using specialized dementia monitoring applications and Skype calls. Primary outcomes include admission to long-term care, falls, emergency room visits, hospital stays, and caregiver burden.

RESULTS

Results will be available in March of 2018.

CONCLUSIONS

Results from this study will demonstrate a novel approach to dementia care that has the potential to impact both rural PCPs, family caregivers, and people with dementia, as well as provide evidence for the utility of Telegerontology in models of eHealth-based care.
Exploring the Use of Personal Technology in Type 2 Diabetes Management Among Ethnic Minority Patients: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Survey Data from the Lifestyle Intervention for the Treatment of Diabetes Study (LIFT Diabetes) (Preprint)
Authors: Claudel Sophie E , Bertoni Alain G
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Minority populations have higher morbidity from chronic diseases and typically experience worse health outcomes. Internet technology may afford a low-cost method of ongoing chronic disease management to promote improved health outcomes among minority populations.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to assess the feasibility of capitalizing on the pervasive use of technology as a secondary means of delivering diabetic counseling though an investigation of correlates to technology use within the context of an ongoing diabetes intervention study.

METHODS

The Lifestyle Intervention for the Treatment of Diabetes study (LIFT Diabetes) randomly assigned 260 overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus to 2 intervention arms. At baseline, we administered a survey evaluating access to and use of various technologies and analyzed the responses using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

RESULTS

The sample population had a mean age of 56 (SD 11) years; 67.3% (175/260) were female and 54.6% (n=142) self-identified as being from ethnic minority groups (n=125, 88.0% black; n=6, 4.3% Hispanic; and n=11, 7.7% other). Minority participants had higher baseline mean body mass index (P=.002) and hemoglobin A1c levels (P=.003). Minority participants were less likely to have a home computer (106/142, 74.7% vs 110/118, 93.2%; P<.001) and less likely to have email access at home (P=.03). Ownership of a home computer was correlated to higher income (P<.001), higher educational attainment (P<.001), full-time employment (P=.01), and ownership of a smartphone (P=.001). Willingness to complete questionnaires online was correlated to higher income (P=.001), higher education (P<.001), full-time employment (P=.01), and home access to a computer, internet, and smartphone (P≤.05). Racial disparities in having a home computer persisted after controlling for demographic variables and owning a smartphone (adjusted OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10-0.67; P=.01). Willingness to complete questionnaires online was driven by ownership of a home computer (adjusted OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.14-13.2; P=.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Adults who self-identified as being part of a minority group were more likely to report limited access to technology than were white adults. As ownership of a home computer is central to a willingness to use online tools, racial disparities in access may limit the potential of Web-based interventions to reach this population.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01806727; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01806727 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6xOq2b7Tv)
Near-Real-Time Surveillance of Illnesses Related to Shellfish Consumption in British Columbia: Analysis of Poison Center Data (Preprint)
Authors: Wan Victoria , McIntyre Lorraine , Kent Debra , Leong Dennis , Henderson Sarah B
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Data from poison centers have the potential to be valuable for public health surveillance of long-term trends, short-term aberrations from those trends, and poisonings occurring in near-real-time. This information can enable long-term prevention via programs and policies and short-term control via immediate public health response. Over the past decade, there has been an increasing use of poison control data for surveillance in the United States, Europe, and New Zealand, but this resource still remains widely underused.

OBJECTIVE

The British Columbia (BC) Drug and Poison Information Centre (DPIC) is one of five such services in Canada, and it is the only one nested within a public health agency. This study aimed to demonstrate how DPIC data are used for routine public health surveillance in near-real-time using the case study of its alerting system for illness related to consumption of shellfish (ASIRCS).

METHODS

Every hour, a connection is opened between the WBM software Visual Dotlab Enterprise, which holds the DPIC database, and the R statistical computing environment. This platform is used to extract, clean, and merge all necessary raw data tables into a single data file. ASIRCS automatically and retrospectively scans a 24-hour window within the data file for new cases related to illnesses from shellfish consumption. Detected cases are queried using a list of attributes: the caller location, exposure type, reasons for the exposure, and a list of keywords searched in the clinical notes. The alert generates a report that is tailored to the needs of food safety specialists, who then assess and respond to detected cases.

RESULTS

The ASIRCS system alerted on 79 cases between January 2015 and December 2016, and retrospective analysis found 11 cases that were missed. All cases were reviewed by food safety specialists, and 58% (46/79) were referred to designated regional health authority contacts for follow-up. Of the 42% (33/79) cases that were not referred to health authorities, some were missing follow-up information, some were triggered by allergies to shellfish, and some were triggered by shellfish-related keywords appearing in the case notes for nonshellfish-related cases. Improvements were made between 2015 and 2016 to reduce the number of cases with missing follow-up information.

CONCLUSIONS

The surveillance capacity is evident within poison control data as shown from the novel use of DPIC data for identifying illnesses related to shellfish consumption in BC. The further development of surveillance programs could improve and enhance response to public health emergencies related to acute illnesses, chronic diseases, and environmental exposures.
The Effect of Doctor-Consumer Interaction on Social Media on Consumers� Health Behaviors: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Tailai , Deng Zhaohua , Feng Zhanchun , Gaskin Darrell J , Zhang Donglan , Wang Ruoxi
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Both doctors and consumers have engaged in using social media for health purposes. Social media has changed traditional one-to-one communication between doctors and patients to many-to-many communication between doctors and consumers. However, little is known about the effect of doctor-consumer interaction on consumers’ health behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate how doctor-consumer interaction in social media affects consumers’ health behaviors.

METHODS

On the basis of professional-client interaction theory and social cognitive theory, we propose that doctor-consumer interaction can be divided into instrumental interaction and affective interaction. These two types of interactions influence consumers’ health behaviors through declarative knowledge (DK), self-efficacy (SE), and outcome expectancy (OE). To validate our proposed research model, we employed the survey method and developed corresponding measurement instruments for constructs in our research model. A total of 352 valid answers were collected, and partial least square was performed to analyze the data.

RESULTS

Instrumental doctor-consumer interaction was found to influence consumers’ DK (t294=5.763, P<.001), SE (t294=4.891, P<.001), and OE (t294=7.554, P<.001) significantly, whereas affective doctor-consumer interaction also impacted consumers’ DK (t294=4.025, P<.001), SE (t294=4.775, P<.001), and OE (t294=4.855, P<.001). Meanwhile, consumers’ DK (t294=3.838, P<.001), SE (t294=3.824, P<.001), and OE (t294=2.985, P<.01) all significantly affected consumers’ health behaviors. Our mediation analysis showed that consumers’ DK, SE, and OE partially mediated the effect of instrumental interaction on health behaviors, whereas the three mediators fully mediated the effect of affective interaction on health behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with many intentional intervention programs, doctor-consumer interaction can be treated as a natural cost-effective intervention to promote consumers’ health behaviors. Meanwhile, both instrumental and affective interaction should be highlighted for the best interaction results. DK, SE, and OE are working mechanisms of doctor-consumer interaction.
Increasing Reasoning Awareness: Video Analysis of Students� Two-Party Virtual Patient Interactions (Preprint)
Authors: Edelbring Samuel , Parodis Ioannis , Lundberg Ingrid E
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Collaborative reasoning occurs in clinical practice but is rarely developed during education. The computerized virtual patient (VP) cases allow for a stepwise exploration of cases and thus stimulate active learning. Peer settings during VP sessions are believed to have benefits in terms of reasoning but have received scant attention in the literature.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to thoroughly investigate interactions during medical students’ clinical reasoning in two-party VP settings.

METHODS

An in-depth exploration of students’ interactions in dyad settings of VP sessions was performed. For this purpose, two prerecorded VP sessions lasting 1 hour each were observed, transcribed in full, and analyzed. The transcriptions were analyzed using thematic analysis, and short clips from the videos were selected for subsequent analysis in relation to clinical reasoning and clinical aspects.

RESULTS

Four categories of interactions were identified: (1) task-related dialogue, in which students negotiated a shared understanding of the task and strategies for information gathering; (2) case-related insights and perspectives were gained, and the students consolidated and applied preexisting biomedical knowledge into a clinical setting; (3) clinical reasoning interactions were made explicit. In these, hypotheses were followed up and clinical examples were used. The researchers observed interactions not only between students and the VP but also (4) interactions with other resources, such as textbooks. The interactions are discussed in relation to theories of clinical reasoning and peer learning.

CONCLUSIONS

The dyad VP setting is conducive to activities that promote analytic clinical reasoning. In this setting, components such as peer interaction, access to different resources, and reduced time constraints provided a productive situation in which the students pursued different lines of reasoning.
GENETIC TRACEABILITY OF OIL PALM PROGENIES (Elaeis guineensis JACQ.) USING SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (SSR)
Authors: Faizah Rokhana , Wening Sri , Yenni Yurna , Sujadi Sujadi
Published: March 2018

Progenies traceability status becomes an important activity in the oil palm breeding program, especially to obtain propriety of individual and progenies population with their parents. This study is concerned to analyze genetic traceability based on pattern and allele size of their parent using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. There were 90 palms from 7 progenies populations in the AD02S, AD03S Adolina and MA22S Marihat Estate PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV used in this research. Leaf and pollen samples were used to get genomic DNA. Then, DNA genomic was amplified using multiplexing method of 8 SSR markers and fluorescence labels of 6-FAM, HEX, and NED. Fragment analysis and extracted genotype data was obtained using Gene Marker® versi 2.4.0 Soft Genetics® LLC program. Genetic traceability analysis was based on alelle segregation pattern of Mendelian Law. The results described inappropriate alleles 4 individuals from 3 progenies (N, P, and S). Those individuals were palmrow of 22-30 in the AD02S; 29-27 in the MA22S; 9-22 and 9-28 in the AD02S. Other 4 progenies showed an appropriate segregation of genotype with their parents, which are crosses number of M, Q, R, and O.
O ENSINO RELIGIOSO NAS POLÍTICAS DE CURRÍCULO: O CASO DA BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR
Authors: Alves Rodrigues dos Santos Mirinalda
Published: March 2018

Este artigo é fruto das reflexões e discussões acerca dos estudos curriculares e do campo da(s) Ciência(s) da(s) Religião(ões) frente ao Ensino Religioso - ER, bem como o seu reconhecimento como componente curricular na Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC, cuja política de currículo será referência no que diz respeito aos conteúdos e saberes necessário para traçar os objetivos de aprendizagens a serem ensinados e apreendidos pelos educandos nas escolas públicas e particulares do Brasil. Entretanto,  na terceira versão da BNCC aprovada pelo Ministério da Educação - MEC o Ensino Religioso foi retirado desse documento, até então se tinha presente esse ensino nas duas últimas versões na BNCC. É nesse sentido que o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar os discursos produzidos nas Políticas Públicas de Currículo, acerca da exclusão do Ensino Religioso na BNCC. Metodologicamente esse estudo é de cunho bibliográfico e documental com delineamento explicativo, reflexivo e crítico. Diante da análise realizada nesse estudo frente à exclusão do Ensino Religioso na BNCC podemos concluir, portanto, que o documento proposto se faz mais um artefato para legitimar hegemonias, preconceitos, discriminações, e relações de poder no que se tratam as questões religiosas. Palavras-chave: Ensino Religioso. Políticas de Currículo. Base Nacional Comum Curricular.
Entre imagens, modernidade e religião: a iconologia protestante no Brasil
Authors: Vieira-Souza Priscila Vieira-Souza
Published: March 2018

Esse artigo propõe examinar as relações entre modernidade, protestantismo e fotografia a partir de um percurso teórico e de um acervo imagético. O primeiro busca compreender as relações entre modernidade, visualidade e a história do protestantismo no Brasil. Tais inter-relações compõem a primeira parte do texto. A segunda parte do texto descreve o acervo imagético. As análises apresentadas enfocam duas coleções: os arquivos do Centro Audio Visual Evangélico - O CAVE; e The Grubb Collection, conjunto de álbuns pessoais do missionário britânico Keneth Grubb. O texto apresenta resultados parciais da pesquisa, tais como uma breve descrição de três tipologias classificatórias das imagens protestantes; o status privilegiado da fotografia; e dois recortes temáticos que agregam imagens dos dois acervos estudados.
Memórias insurgentes: resistências na Vila Autódromo e na Vila União de Curicica em contexto olímpico
Authors: Teixeira Alves Rodolfo , Ramos Petti Daniela
Published: March 2018

O texto apresenta as experiências de mobilização de duas comunidades localizadas na Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro: Vila Autódromo, situada na Barra da Tijuca, e Vila União de Curicica, bairro adjacente. O contexto é de (re)estruturação da cidade para sediar os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. As comunidades em questão aparecem como experiências de mobilização e resistências às remoções de moradores de favelas da cidade. Através de observação participante e depoimentos, destacam-se o repertório dos moradores acerca do processo, os meios pelos quais deram dinâmica à luta pela permanência em suas casas, em especial a memória das comunidades como elemento crucial de mobilização e legitimação.
El chamanismo y las drogas enteogénicas/alucinatorias del mundo precolombino
Authors: Quirce-Balma Carlos Manuel
Published: March 2018

Este trabajo intenta abordar algunas de las teorías más modernas y prevalentes sobre el chamanismo. Se han incluido tanto las teorías tradicionales como las modernas que parecen indicar las tendencias interpretativas de tipo neurofisiológico sobre los estados alterados y superiores de la conciencia. Se ha mencionado el uso prevalente y central de los diversos psicodélicos y plantas que contienen sustancias alterantes entre las diversas culturas precolombinas. Los trabajos de la antropología psicodélica han sido incluidos y su contraste con las escuelas influenciadas por Mircea Eliade.
Kuliah Kerja Nyata Tematik Pos Pemberdayaan Keluarga Sebagai Model Pengabdian Masyarakat Di Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Anwas Oos M
Published: March 2018

The Tridharma of higher education and colleges have directed university to care about problems in society, including through devotion to the community activities. Posdaya Thematic KKN is a community service model that focuses on empowering families and communities, especially in aspects of education, health, entrepreneurship, and environment. Through KKN students are put into life within the community in shaping the institute or expand existing social institution to become a Posdaya. Through this Posdaya students with the community identify problems and mobilize all the potential that exists for the advancement of society. Students can synergize and implement what they have learnt into community live, practice their carefulness, leadership, cooperation dan learn local wisdom and the values and norms of society. Posdaya thematic KKN is a system that needs preparation, execution, coaching, mentoring, monitoring and evaluation and as well as continually follow-up activities. The implementation of KKN also encourages coordination, advocacy, and collaboration with relevant parties including the private sectors through their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs.Â ABSTRAKTridharma Perguruan Tinggi mengatur perguruan tinggi untuk peduli memecahkan masalah di masyarakat, di antaranya melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat. Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Tematik Posdaya merupakan model pengabdian masyarakat yang memfokuskan pada pemberdayaan keluarga dalam aspek pendidikan, kesehatan, kewirausahaan, dan lingkungan. KKN menempatkan mahasiswa tinggal bersama masyarakat dalam membentuk lembaga atau mengembangkan masyarakat terutama lembaga kemasyarakatan yang telah ada menjadi Posdaya. Melalui wahana Posdaya ini mahasiswa bersama masyarakat mengindentifikasi permasalahan dan menggerakkan semua potensi yang ada demi kemajuan masyarakat. Mahasiswa dapat mensinergikan dan mengimplemen-tasikan keilmuan yang ditekuninya dengan kehidupan masyarakat, melatih kepedulian, kepemimpinan, kerjasama, mempelajari kearifan lokal, tatanan nilai, serta norma masyarakat. KKN Tematik Posdaya merupakan sistem yang perlu persiapan, pelaksanaan, bimbingan, pendampingan, monitoring dan evaluasi, dan kegiatan tindak lanjut secara berkesinambungan. Pelaksanaan KKN juga mendorong koordinasi, advokasi, dan kerjasama dengan pihak terkait termasuk melibatkan perusahaan swasta melalui program Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
Kajian Kebijakan PMW (Program Mahasiswa Wirausaha)
Authors: -- Hendarman
Published: March 2018

The government through the Ministry of National Education in 2009 has launched a special program for students at higher education institutions the so-called â€œProgram Mahasiswa Wirausaha (PMW)â€. This program aims for facilitating studentsâ€™ interest and talent in entrepreneurship to be an entrepreneur based on their disciplines in science, technology and arts. This program is also to respond to the fact that big percentages of higher education graduates become job-seeker instead of job-creator. This program provides students with grant either in person or in a group. This article analyses the implementation of PMW in the view of those students who took part in the program with two focuses, namely the importance of PMW and the achievement of studentsâ€™ grant-receiver. The respondents were from both public and private higher education institutions. The analysis revealed that the program have significant impact in broadening studentsâ€™ perspective, competences and attitude to be an enptreneur, as well as opening new job-market for people. It is suggested to conduct another evaluation to analyse the appropriateness of grant given to students and financial allocation for each higher education institution by taking into consideration the total number of students and number of success students in PMW.Â ABSTRAKSuatu program khusus bagi para mahasiswa yaitu Program Mahasiswa Wirausaha (PMW) telah diluncurkan oleh Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional pada tahun 2009. Kebijakan ini dimaksudkan untuk memfasilitasi para mahasiswa yang mempunyai minat dan bakat kewirausahaan untuk memulai berwirausaha dengan basis ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan seni yang sedang dipelajarinya.Â Keberadaan program ini didukung oleh kenyataan bahwa sebagian besar lulusan Perguruan Tinggi adalah lebih sebagai pencari kerja daripada pencipta lapangan pekerjaan. Program ini memberikan bantuan bagi mahasiswa yang layak dalam bentuk dana yang dapat digunakan secara perorangan dan kelompok. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian terhadap kebijakan PMW ditinjau dari persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pentingnya PMW dan keberhasilan usaha wirausaha mahasiswa. Responden kajian ini adalah para mahasiswa penerima bantuan PMW di beberapa perguruan tinggi negeri dan swasta. Temuan kajian adalah bahwa program ini memiliki dampak penting yaitu membuka wawasan, kemampuan dan sikap mahasiswa dalam bewirausaha, serta membuka lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat. Evaluasi lebih lanjut terhadap besarnya hibah bagi masing-masing mahasiswa dan alokasi dana bagi perguruan tinggi perlu dikaji dengan memperhitungkan jumlah total mahasiswa dan keberhasilan mahasiswa PMW pada tahun sebelumnya di masing-masing perguruan tinggi.
Quo Vadis Praksis Evaluasi Kurikulum: Studi Pendahuluan terhadap Ranah Kurikulum yang Terlupakan*)
Authors: Musanna Al
Published: March 2018

The curriculum is a product of the time, it has always been a representation of passion ofÂ time. The existence of curriculum evaluation plays a strategic role to find out the practical relevance ofÂ the curriculum and spirit of the times. The curriculum evaluation can determine not only whether theÂ curriculum can contribute to prepare students to survive but also whether the curriculum is able toÂ equip learners to live a noble life. Actually, the evaluation of the curriculum has not received sufficientÂ attention from both academics and practitioners of education in developing countries, including inÂ Indonesia. Efforts to understand and spread awareness about the significance of curriculum evaluationÂ in reformulation of education policy are prerequisites in the improvement of education. This paper aimsÂ to conduct a literature review to give a spotlight on the dynamics of curriculum evaluation praxis.ABSTRAKÂ Setiap kurikulum merupakan produk zaman, sehingga keberadaannya senantiasa merepresentasikan semangat zaman ketika kurikulum tersebut dikembangkan. Untuk mengetahui relevansi teori dan praktik (praksis) kurikulum dengan tuntutan semangat zaman diperlukan adanya evaluasi kurikulum.Â Melalui evaluasi kurikulum dapat diketahui apakah kurikulum mampu berkontribusi mempersiapkan peserta didik bertahan hidup dan pada saat bersamaan mampu membekali peserta didik untuk menjalani dan memuliakan kehidupan (nobelling life). Dalam realitas aktualnya, evaluasi kurikulum belum mendapat perhatian proporsional di kalangan akademisi maupun praktisi pendidikan di negara-negara berkembang, termasuk di Indonesia. Untuk itu, upaya memahami dan menyebar-luaskan kesadaran mengenai signifikansi evaluasi kurikulum dalam reformulasi kebijakan pendidikan merupakan prasyarat dalam pembenahan pendidikan pada masa-masa mendatang. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi literatur mengenai dinamika dan kompleksitas teori dan praktik evaluasi kurikulum yang diharapkanÂ dapat memberi secercah terang mengenai salah satu ranah kajian dalam displin ilmu kurikulum.
Administrasi Ujian Nasional (UN) dengan Menggunakan Model Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT)*)
Authors: Bagus Handaru Catu
Published: March 2018

Assessment model that ignores individual variations ability may cause information to be unoptimallyÂ received. Model of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) can get over these weaknesses becauseÂ the level of difficulty of the item is adjusted with the abilities of students. The purpose of this study is toÂ analyze the effectiveness, efficiency and accuracy of CAT models when used as an alternative replacementÂ of conventional assessment models in national examinations (UN). Methodology of this research wasÂ quantitative comparative. This research used population of student answers that follow the UN province of Yogyakarta in 2009 with the subjects of mathematics and physics. The results of this study showedÂ that the number of items selected by the CAT model is less than PPT model; the ability is adjusted to theÂ level of participants; and there is a significant correlation with the PPT model. Therefore, CAT model isÂ more efficient in term of time because it has fewer items than PPT model. It is also effective because itÂ is adjusted to the ability of participants yet has the same accuracy compared to the PPT model.Â ABSTRAKÂ Model penilaian yang mengabaikan kemampuan variasi individu menyebabkan informasi yang diterima tidak akan optimal. Model computerized adaptive testing (CAT) dapat mengatasi kelemahan ini karena tingkat kesukaran soal menyesuaikan dengan kemampuan penempuh didik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas, efisiensi, dan keakuratan model CAT apabila digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti model penilaian konvensional dalam ujian nasional (UN). Metodologi penelitian adalahÂ kuantitatif komparatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data populasi dari jawaban penempuh didik yang mengikuti UN di propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) tahun 2009 dengan mata pelajaran matematika dan fisika. Hasil penelitian ini terlihat bahwa jumlah soal yang dipilih oleh model CAT lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan model PPT dan soal tersebut menyesuaikan dengan tingkat kemampuan penempuh serta terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan model PPT. Oleh karena itu, model CAT lebih efisien dalam hal waktu karena jumlah soal lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan model PPT, efektif karena menyesuaikan dengan kemampuan peserta dan memiliki keakuratan yang sama dibandingkan dengan model PPT.
Kinerja Pendidikan Kesetaraan sebagai Salah Satu Jenis Pendidikan Nonformal
Authors: Kintamani DH Ida
Published: March 2018

This paper aims to analyze the goals, the profile and the performance of equality education.Â This study employs the documentation method by using the three publications: facts and figures ofÂ educational equality profile, statistics of nonformal education, and profile of nonformal education. This study analyzes the national level data attained by calculating the five indicators of equity and sevenÂ indicators of the quality of education. Performance of equality education is attained from the averageÂ value of education equity and quality. The results showed that the equity of Package A is the biggestÂ (87.22) and the smallest is Package C (79.77), so that the average value of equity of equality educationÂ is 83.24. In contrast, the quality of Package B is the largest (64.61) and Package A is the smallestÂ (48.03) so that the average value of quality of equality education is 54.86. On the basis of the equity andÂ quality value, the largest performance is Package B with the value of 73.68 and the smallest is Package CÂ with the value of 65.85. Thus, the performance of equality education only achieves 69.05 or less than 70%.Â ABSTRAKÂ Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis sasaran pendidikan kesetaraan, profil pendidikan kesetaraan, dan kinerja pendidikan kesetaraan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi dokumentasi menggunakan tiga terbitan, yaitu Profil Pendidikan Kesetaraan dalam Fakta dan Angka, Statistik Pendidikan Nonformal, dan Profil Pendidikan Nonformal. Data yang digunakan pada tingkat nasional dengan menghitung lima indikator pemerataan dan tujuh indikator mutu pendidikan. Kinerja pendidikan kesetaraan diperoleh melalui rata-rata perhitungan nilai pemerataan dan mutu pendidikan kemudian dibagi dua.Â Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemerataan Paket A yang terbesar dengan nilai 87,22 dan Paket C yang terkecil dengan nilai 79,77 sehingga rata-rata pendidikan kesetaraan sebesar 83,24. Sebaliknya, nilai mutu Paket B yang terbesar dengan nilai 64,61 dan Paket A yang terkecil dengan nilai 48,03 sedangkan rata-rata pendidikan kesetaraan sebesar 54,86. Berdasarkan nilai pemerataan dan mutu maka kinerja Paket B yang terbesar dengan nilai 73,68 dan Paket C yang terkecil dengan nilai 65,85. Dengan demikian, kinerja pendidikan kesetaraan sebesar 69,05 atau hanya tercapai kurang dari 70%.
Aplikasi Mobile Learning Fisika dengan Menggunakan Adobe Flash sebagai Media Pembelajaran Pendukung
Authors: Astra I Made
Published: March 2018

The objective of this research is to create a supporting instructional media in the form ofÂ mobile learning of main material for Senior Secondary School students. The created mobile learning wasÂ played on mobile phone that supports flash player, mainly Symbian S60 3rd-based mobile phone. TheÂ method applied in this research was research and development. The first step was limited on material ofÂ heat transfer. The trial of application was conducted to 2 specialized lecturers, 2 media experts, 2Â Physics teachers of Senior Secondary School, and 44 students of Diponegoro Senior Secondary School,Â Jakarta. Indicators used to assess the created instructional media were appropriateness of the contentÂ to the purpose, appropriateness of instruction to the technical quality. Marks of the three indicators wereÂ above 80%, so that the created mobile learning was categorized as very good. Based on the findings, itÂ may be concluded that the instructional media in the form of mobile learning can be used as a supportingÂ instructional media for Senior Secondary School students to learn Physics subject.Â ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran pendukung berbentuk mobile learning pada materi esensial untuk siswa SMA. Mobile learning yang dibuat dijalankan pada handphone yang mendukung flash player terutama berbasis symbian S60 3rd. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development). Tahap pertama dibatasi pada materi perpindahan kalor. Uji coba aplikasi dilakukan kepada 2 orang dosen ahli materi dan 2 orang ahli media, dan 2 guru fisika SMA, serta 44 siswa SMA Diponegoro 1 Jakarta. Indikator yang digunakan untuk menilai media pembelajaran yang dibuat, yaitu kesesuaian isi dan tujuan, kesesuaian pembelajaran dan kualitas teknis . Nilai dari ketiga indikator berada di atas 80%, sehingga mobile learning yang dibuat dikategorikan sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbentuk mobile learning dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran pendukung pada pelajaran Fisika untuk siswa SMA.