bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manajemen Pelatihan Guru PAI dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi IT untuk Mewujudkan Mutu Pembelajaran Siswa
Authors: Sumarni Yani
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kesiapan guru Pendidikan Agama Islam menjadikan Teknologi Informasi (TI) misalnya komputer, internet dan sejenisnya sebagai sarana dan media pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam agar lebih optimal. Berdasarkan realitas, aplikasi (TI) pada waktu pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di sekolah. Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam masih banyak menggunakan cara-cara konvensional seperti ceramah, tanya jawab dan metode lain yang berpusat pada guru (teacher-centered).Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, faktor pendukung dan penghambat manajemen pelatihan guru PAI dalam meningkatkan kompetensi IT untuk mewujudkan mutu pembelajaran siswa di KKG PAI Kecamatan Ciranjang dan Kecamatan Takokak Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang tidak mencari sebab akibat, namun lebih berupaya memahami situasi tertentu dengan bentuk penelitian studi kasus (case study) yaitu suatu penelitian yang dilakukan secara intensif, terinci dan mendalam terhadap suatu organisasi, lembaga atau gejala tertentu. Menurut penelitian kualitatif data yang dapat diperoleh berasal dari naskah wawancara, observasi, catatan lapangan, dokumen pribadi, cacatan memo dan dokumen resmi lainnya dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan realitas empiris di balik fenomena yang ada secara mendalam, rinci dan tuntas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen pelatihan guru PAI dalam meningkatkan kompetensi IT untuk mewujudkan mutu pembelajaran siswa di KKG PAI Kecamatan Ciranjang dan Kecamatan Takokak Kabupaten Cianjur cukup efektif. Efektivitas tersebut terlihat dari pola manajemen organisasi yang dilakukan oleh pengurus KKG tersebut. Organisasi berjalan dengan baik, pola manajemen yang dilakukan dengan bertumpu pada empat fungsi manajemen juga berlangsung baik. Peningkatan kompetensi IT guru PAI di lingkup KKG PAI Kecamatan Ciranjang dan Kecamatan Takokak Kabupaten Cianjur cukup efektif berdasarkan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi yang peneliti lakukan.
Evaluasi Sistem Penyimpanan Obat Psikotropika dan Narkotika Guna Menunjang Kualitas Obat di UPTD Puskesmas Ciranjang
Authors: Fauziah Windri , Fiskasari Emylia
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem penyimpanan obat psikotropika dan narkotika guna menunjang kualitas obat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif deskriftif, dengan melakukan pendekatan observasional dengan cara pengumpulan data proses evaluasi penyimpanan obat psikotropika dan narkotika melalui observasi dan wawancara di UPTD Puskesmas Ciranjang pada bulan April - Juni 2021. Cara pengelolaan obat golongan psikotropika dan narkotika di puskesmas dilakukan dengan cara sistem FIFO dan alfabet, dalam pengelolaannya sendiri harus di lakukan oleh petugas farmasi atau apoteker penanggung jawab dan pengeluarannya harus memakai resep dan harus ditandai dengan pena merah, penyimpanan resep harus terpisah dan dilakukan pencatatan dan pelaporan harian oleh petugas farmasi. Dalam pengelolaan psikotropika di UGD dan rawat inap harus dikelola oleh petugas farmasi yang diberi kewenangan oleh apoteker penanggung jawab instalasi. Penyimpanan obat di UPTD Puskesmas Rawat Inap Ciranjang 75% termasuk ke dalam kategori baik, untuk sistem obat golongan psikotropika dan narkotika sendiri menggunakan sistem alafabet, FIFO (First In First Out) dan tidak menggunakan sistem LASA (Look Alike Sound Alike).
Pupuk Organik Cair Limbah Ikan (Pocli) dan Produksi Tanaman Selada (Nasturtium Officinale R. Br)
Authors: Samad Sofyan , A. Mahmud Shubzan , Sabban Helda , Haryanto Sugeng , Abdullah Hayun
Published: October 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 mengggu kgiatan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman selada di pekarangan rumah masarakat desa.Tempat Penelitian di Desa Nusajaya Halmahera Timur  Indonesia.  selama Januari – Mei 2021. Perlakuan tanpa pupuk orgnik cair limbah ikan  ((POCLI))  1 liter air/3 polybag (A1)., (POCLI)  5 cc/1 liter air/3 polybag (A2).,  (POCLI) 10 cc/1 liter air/3 polybag (A3)., (POCLI)  15 cc/1 liter air/3 polybag (A4)., (POCLI)  20 cc/1 liter air/3 polybag (A5)., (POCLI)  25 cc/1 liter air/3 polybag (A6) Masing- masing  polybag  diberikan 333 cc. Parameter agronomi meliputi: 1)  Tinggi selada (cm), 2) banyak daun selada, 3) Panjang (cm), 4) Bobot segar sampel (g) dengan  analisis ragam (Anova).  Kesempulan. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukan bahwa perlakuan POCLI 25 cc/L air/3 polybag (A6)  berpengaruh terhadap seluruh parameter pengamatan selada, umur 14 HST  tinggi 8 cm, umur 21 HST tertinggi 13 cm dan pada umur 28 HST tinggi  20 cm. Pada saat panen menhasilkan jumlah daun selada terbayak 10 helai, daun terpanjang 20 cm, dan bobot sampel terberat  135 g  bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Usur makro dan mikro didalam POCLI sehingga mendorong,  mempercepat pertambahan ukuran, panjang selada.
Analisis Pengaruh Komorbid, Usia, dan Jenis Kelamin Terhadap Meningkatnya Angka Kematian pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Nanda Nur Illah Maulidya
Published: October 2021

Dunia sedang dilanda wabah virus corona. Virus tersebut ditemukan pada akhir desember 2019. Kini, virus corona telah menyebar ke berbagai belahan negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Hari demi hari, angka kasus terkonfirmasi positif Covid-19 semakin meningkat sehingga pada tanggal 11 Maret 2020 ditetapkan sebagai pandemi global oleh WHO. Pandemi tersebut berdampak langsung terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat seperti meningkatnya angka pengangguran, angka kemiskinan, dan angka kematian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh komorbid, usia, dan jenis kelamin terhadap meningkatnya angka kematian pada masa pandemi Covid-19 selama periode Januari-Juli 2021 di Jl. Raya Lontar RW.01, Sambikerep, Surabaya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara. Berdasarkan penelitian kali dapat diketahui bahwa kematian selama masa pandemi Covid-19 lebih banyak disebabkan paparan virus corona. Adanya penyakit penyerta (komorbid) dapat memperparah kondisi penderita Covid-19. Komorbid yang sering ditemukan adalah hipertensi dan kardiovaskular. Laki-laki berusia 45-60 tahun rentan terpapar Virus Corona bahkan mengalami perburukan klinis sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan angka kematian selama masa pandemi Covid-19.
Pengembangan LKS Digital Berbasis Problem Solving Terintegrasi Karakter Islami dalam Pembelajaran Tematik Kelas 3 Tema 1
Authors: Miftahudin Miftahudin
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk, (1) Mengetahui kelayakan LKS digital berbasis problem solving terintegrasi karakter islami, (2) Mengetahui kepraktisan LKS digital berbasis problem solving terintegrasi karakter islami pada peserta didik kelas 3 tema 1. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE yang meliputi lima tahap (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Uji coba dilakukan terhadap peserta didik kelas III SD Negeri Pekutan semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, observasi, wawancara dan analisis dokumen. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian meliputi: (1) hasil validasi kelayakan LKS digital diperoleh rata-rata 3,57 dengan kriteria sangat layak. Hasil validasi mendapatkan Percentage Agreement(PA)95,28%, (2) hasil kepraktisan worksheet ditinjau dari respon peserta didik pada uji coba terbatas mendapatkan respon 66,7% dengan kriteria sangat baik, dan 33,3% dengan kriteria baik. sedangkan respon peserta didik dengan uji luas memperoleh respon sebesar 71,4% dengan kriteria sangat baik, dan 28,6% dengan kriteria baik. Adapun hasil keterlaksanaan pembelajaran pertemuan I, II, dan III diperoleh rata-rata Percentage Agreement(PA)94,59% dengan kategori sangat baik. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKS digital berbasis problem solving terintegrasi karakter islami layak digunakan untuk tema pertumbuhan dan perkembangan makhluk hidup kelas III Sekolah Dasar.
Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Penyusunan Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Desa (RKPDES)
Authors: Mulya Lestari Sri , Eko Wahyuningsih Yayuk
Published: October 2021

Peran serta keterlibatan masyarakat untuk pembangunan desa itu sangat diperlukan karena ini dapat dijadikan sebagai suatu kegiatan kerjasama antar pemerintah desa dengan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam penyusunan rencana kerja pemerintah. peneliti ingin memahami secara mendalam sejauh mana partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan desa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di desa Pasi Pinang Kecamatan Meurebo Kabupaten Aceh Barat, adapun data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang bersumber dari jawaban responden hasil kuisioner, penelitian ini sendiri menggunakan metode Kualitatif dengan pendekatan Case Study, penelitian kualitatif ini melibatkan upaya pengumpulan data  yang dilakukan dengan wawancara dan kuisioner kepada pemerintah desa dan juga masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proses perencanaan pembangunan di desa Pasi Pinang sudah sesuai dan dilakukan secara aktif akan tetapi tidak mengikut sertakan partisipasi masyarakat dalam penyusunan perencanaan, masyarakat hanya berpartisipasi dalam bermusyawarah untuk rencana pembangunan
Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat Gangguan Saluran Cerna pada Pasien Rawat Inap berdasarkan Formularium Nasional di Faskes Tingkat Pertama
Authors: Maulana Egi , Fiskasari Emylia
Published: October 2021

Gangguan pencernaan merupakan masalah yang terjadi pada salah satu organ sistem pencernaan, atau lebih dari satu organ pencernaan secara bersamaan. Gangguan saluran cerna yang sering dijumpai di sekitar masyarakat adalah gastroenteritis, dispepsia, gerd dan diare. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Peneliti menggunakan Indikator penggunaan obat yaitu tepat diagnosa, tepat indikasi, tepat dalam pemilihan obat, tepat dosis, efek samping, interval pemerian, dan tepat waktu. Penggunaan obat yang tepat harus disesuaikan dengan formularium yang disusun oleh petugas fasilitas kesehatan untuk memaksimalkan pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Terdapat 52,5% tenaga medis yang merasa kurang paham terhadap formularium nasional karena berbagai faktor dari mulai rasa ingin tahu yang kurang atau petugas kefarmasian yang tidak melakukan sosialisasi kepada nakes lainya, dan 30% nakes menjawab paham terhadap formularium nasional dan 17,5% menjawab tidak paham. Pengawasan terhadap pasien rawat inap dengan gangguan saluran cerna di faskes tingkat pertama sangat baik, petugas kefarmasian menggunakan form ceklis untuk melihat tingkat kerasionalan penggunaan obat dan indikator peresapan fornas. Tersedianya obat golongan PPI (proton pump inhibitor) yaitu omeprazole 40mg cap dan golongan Histamin H2-receptor antagonist yaitu ranitidin tablet dan ranitidin sediaan injeksi juga antiemetika sediaan tablet dan sirup yaitu domperidon dan obat tersebut merupakan obat-obat yang harus ada di faskes tingkat pertama.
Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kotoran Ayam Dan Dolomit Terhadap Sifat Kimia Ultisol Dan Tanaman Caisim
Authors: Ainun Firdany Sofi , Rohadi  Suparto Slamet , Sulistyanto Prasmaji
Published: October 2021

Ultisol memiliki  keasaman, kandungan bahan organik dan unsur hara yang rendah. Masalah ini dapat diupayakan pemecahannya dengan pemberian pupuk organik dan kapur  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui dosis pupuk kotoran  ayam dan dolomit yang mampu memperbaiki sifat kimia ultisol dan mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman caisim  Penelitian dilakukan dengan percobaan polybag dalam green house di Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Perlakuan terdiri dari dosis pupuk kotoran ayam 5, 10, 15 ton/ha dan dolomit 2,2, 3,3 dan 4,4 ton/ha. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan dua ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan pertumbuhan caesim. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa dosis pupuk kotoran ayam 10 ton/ha yang dikombinasikan dengan dolomit 3,3 ton/ha sudah mampu memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah ultisol yaitu pH tanah, daya hantar listrik, C-organik tanah dan  P tersedia dan berefek baik untuk pertumbuhan caisim.
Pengkajian Mutu Produk Vitamin D3 Sirup di PT. Pyridam Farma Tbk. Terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Kesehatan
Authors: Alia Okta , Emelia Rida
Published: October 2021

Kebutuhan Vitamin D3 saat ini sangat berperan penting untuk menjaga daya tahan tubuh agar tetap baik pada masa pandemic atau memasuki era New normal seperti saat ini, berperan untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan imunitas tubuh menjadi lebih kuat terhadap paparan virus penyakit. Kekurangan Vitamin D3 dalam tubuh dapat menyebabkan tubuh menjadi mudah terinfeksi sumber penyakit. Vitamin D3 dapat di peroleh dari paparan sinar matahari pagi, namun pada masa pandemic saat ini sebagian individu harus melakukan isolasi sehingga mengalami keterbatasan ruang gerak. Penelitian dilakukan di industri Farmasi dengan tujuan Mengetahui bagaimana Pemastian Mutu Produk Vitamin D3 Syr di PT.Pyridam Farma dan Memahami Pengkajian Mutu Produk Sesuai dengan CPOB. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan pengambilan data prospektif observasional. Pemastian mutu produk (PMP) dikenal dengan istilah lain Produk Quality Review adalah evaluasi yang dilakukan secara berkala dari semua produk obat farmasi terdaftar maupun produk eksport, dengan tujuan melihat kekonsistensian formulasi, proses pembuatan, hasil evaluasi harus Memenuhi Syarat seperti, pengujian organoleptic, pH, viscositas, Bobot Jenis, kadar zat aktif, evektifitas pengawet dan pegujian mikrobiologi. Dokumentasi penggunaaan bahan awal, bahan kemas primer – sekunder. Produksi Vitamin D3 syr di PT.Pyridam farma Tbk. Saat ini dilakukan secara konsisten dari berbagai aspek baik pada formulasi tidak ada perubahan, penggunaan bahan awal, kemas primer dan sekunder tidak ada perubahan produsen maupun penyalur, proses produksi tervalidasi dan konsisten, evaluasi sediaan memenuhi persyaratan yang di tetapkan, dan tidak adanya laporan penyimpangan, laporan produk penarikan atau produk di kembalikan. Produksi Vitamin D3 Syr Memenuhi Syarat dalam berbagai aspek hingga dapat menjamin produk memiliki kualitas yang baik.
Menganalisis Dampak Penggunaan Betahistine Mesilate Terhadap Pasien Gejala Vertigo Perifer Di Klinik Al Ma'soem Cibulareng
Authors: Nur anggraini Diah , Wurllete Winda Evita , Permana Wempi Eka
Published: October 2021

Vertigo (gangguan keseimbangan) merupakan suatu istilah yang berasal dari Bahasa latin vertere yang berarti memutar. Vertigo sering kali dinyatakan sebagai rasa pusing, sempoyongan, rasa melayang, badan atau dunia sekelilingnya berputar-putar. Vertigo merupakan suatu ilusi gerakan, biasanya berupa sensasi berputar yang akan meningkat dengan perubahan posisi kepala. Vertigo adalah salah satu bentuk sakit kepala di mana penderita mengalami persepsi gerakan yang tidak semestinya (biasanya gerakan berputar atau melayang) yang disebabkan oleh gangguan pada sistem vestibular. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, kuantitatif, dan pengumpulan data dilakukan data klinik Al Ma’soem Ciburaleng, kuisioner dan wawancara berdasarkan penelitian dan data yang telah di kumpulkan maka d betahistine mesilate sangat berpengaruh dalam pengobatan vertigo perifer, hal ini dapat di lihat dari peresepan dan penggunaan betahistine mesilate. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan di klinik al masoem ciburaleng di dapatkan hasil sampel 51 pasien penderita vertigo perifer yang menggunakan betahistine mesilate sebagai pengobatan vertigo perifer. Maka dari hasil tersebut maka betahistine mesilate sangat berpengaruh dalam pengobatan vertigo perifer. Dampak penggunaan betahistine mesilate yaitu menunjukan adanya perbaikan yang signifikan terhadap frekuesi, itensitas dan duarasi serangan vertigo perifer. Dosis betahistine mesilate yang diberikan bervariasi berdasarkan kondisi setiap penderita, selama pengobatan dokter akan melihat respons pasien terhadap pengobatan dan melakukan penyesuaian dosis bila diperlukan.
USE OF RHETORIC IN MULTI-LEVEL MARKETING
Authors: Abel T. Gumaran  , Danna Karyl Jane C. Talde
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to analyze how identification worked as a key to persuasion among agents in Frontrow Enterprise, an MLM company. Specifically, it sought to find the prevalent source of identification, identification strategy used by the Frontrow agents in their speeches, and their level of persuasion. This study employed descriptive-qualitative design which utilized critical analysis using the Theory of Identification and Consubstantiality. Results show that the highest frequency source of identification found in the speeches is the idealistic identification and the highest frequency identification strategy is the common ground. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that persuasion is manifested using shared interest, attitude, perceptions, values, beliefs, and ideas through establishing common grounds with the audience.
KEYWORDS: Multi-level Marketing, Identification and Consubstantiality, Level of Persuasion, Agents’ Speeches, Sources of Identification, Identification Strategies
DETERMINATION OF FLOW SPEED THROUGH THE SOLAR HEAT COLLECTOR
Authors: Madina Alisher kizi Muydinova  , Hamidakhon Botirjon kizi Kasimjanova  , Shuhrat Shavkatbek ugli Jabborov
Published: October 2021

This article shows how to determine the speed at which current flows through a solar heat collector. The results were studied with the help of modern laboratory equipment and the results were analyzed graphically. It also covers the origins of solar heat collectors, their current importance, types of solar collectors, and solar water heating systems.
KEY WORDS: solar collector, solar heating system, electricity, lighting module, pump module, Power module, real efficiency, flow rate.
ARTISTIC AND CREATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE HEAD OF AN AMATEUR CHOREOGRAPHIC TEAM: FROM CONCEPT TO IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Borisenko T. S. , Ignatova I. B. ,   Petrov Academy of Sciences and Arts, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the features of artistic and creative work of the head of an amateur choreographic team. It is revealed, that the main function of professional and pedagogical activity of the head is educational, while artistic and creative activities are considered as basic and most complicated. The future specialist should comprehensively acquire pedagogical, performing and creative competencies. It is emphasized, that members of an amateur group, as usual, do not associate their future professional activity with choreographic art, with the profession of a ballet master or a ballet artist, which naturally requires a special approach of the team leader in his methodological work, in artistic and creative activity. Another feature is the selection of the repertoire, which should be aimed at the developing of the creative abilities of the team members, at the forming of their primary, elementary skills and abilities needed for their performing activities. It is highlighted, that the work of the leader of a choreographic team on the creation of a dance is similar to the creative activity of the choreographer-writer. The article analyzes the process of creating a choreographic work for an amateur group: from the idea → through the development of an action plan → to the organization of individual and collective work on certain fragments of the dance → to the final design. In addition, the article presents three main schemes that lead to one common goal — to creation of a choreographic work ("from design to implementation"). The first scheme is due to personal motives of artistic and creative activities of the leader; the second is determined by the requirements of the employer/customer; the third involves the production of a finished dance created by another choreographer and writer.
MUSIC COMMUNICATION: WAYS OF REPRODUCTION AND CHANNELS OF PERCEPTION OF MUSIC (historical and analytical view)
Authors:   Russian State Specialized Academy of Arts, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yakoupov A. N.
Published: October 2021

In the article the means of musical communication and their evolution are considered in the historical and analytical aspect. There are two types of communication tools: acoustic, using the airspace as a channel for transmitting encoded information, and visual, which include stage design, allowing to perceive music as a kind of theatrical performance, and musical notation, graphically fixing all the components of the musical text. As the earliest means of nonwritten communication, the oral method is put forward, a vivid example of which is folklore, often called the musical memory of generations. Other examples of oral communication are cult music, improvisation and musical meditation. It is stated that musical writing, in particular, musical notation, and later printing tools created conditions for overcoming spatial and temporal barriers to the spread of music. The next step is the invention of technical sound recording, which opened a new era in the development of communications. Magnetic recording of the visual series made it possible to create concert films and opera films. The emergence of electronic and mechanical means of music recording contributed significantly to greater involvement of people in the process of musical communication.
LIBRETTO OF THE OPERA THE MAGIC FLUTE BY W. A. MOZART IN THE GENRE OF FAIRY-TALE
Authors:   Magnitogorsk State Conservatory (Academy) named after M. I. Glinka, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Plotnikova O. M.
Published: October 2021

The Magic Flute by W. A. Mozart occupies a special place in the treasury of the world musical art. The article for the first time explores the specifics of the embodiment of the genre model of the fairy-tale underlying the libretto. The reconstruction of its basic, static and dynamic elements is based on methodological approaches developed in the study of folk and literary fairy-tales. The analysis of the verbal text of the opera demonstrates: canonized set of personages that possess the definite semantic functions in the plot-syntagmatic line, invariant fairytale situations, typical parameters of the fairy-tale space-time continuum. In the semantics of the fairy-tale by W. A. Mozart the categories of paths (wanderings), trials, value indicators and the totemic rite of initiation acquire conceptual meaning. The plot line of the libretto, as well as of the fairy-tale, reflects the theme of marriage and family relations but in the cosmic foreshortening. The deep symbolic paradigm witnesses the mythical, cosmogonic gist of the fairy-tale plot. The semiotic model of the artistic world of the fairy-tale singspiel is organized by the binary oppositions of Light and Darkness. Darkness is metaphorically personified in the anthropomorphic image of the fundamental constant of being — Queen of the Night. The world of the sage Zarastro personifies Light. In the verbal artistic text of the opera the composer and the librettist exhibit deep and bright knowledge of the genre canons of the classical folk and literary fairy-tale and reflect the idea of the spiritual search of perfection in the world.
CHOREOGRAPHIC BORROWINGS AS A FORM OF PROMOTING THE RUSSIAN BALLET TRADITION IN CHINA
Authors:   Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Irkhen I. I. , Rui Li ,   School of Chine National Ballet, Sicheng, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to cross-cultural communication between Russia and China in the context of ballet. The main object of the study is the Russian ballet tradition in China. The emphasis is payed to the work, done by Russian teachers, who supervised China’s first ballet productions, introduced the Russian methodology of teaching the classical dance developed by A. Vaganova and built a system of ballet education. Thus, thanks to Russian teachers the national ballet of China developed its own internationally acclaimed school of dance with its key elements such as technical skills, geometry of dance and deep implications, related to the national dance traditions. The development of the national ballet was greatly influenced by the Russian ballet tradition passed on and reproduced in China. The research methodology is based on the systematic approach to cross-cultural communication and choreographic borrowings occurring as a result. The article uses such methods as content analysis of Russian and Chinese writings, chronological method and cultural analysis. It comes to the conclusion that the Russian ballet tradition in China was promoted by Russian emigrants (dancers, teachers, choreographers, musicians) either directly or indirectly. Choreographic borrowings were firmly implanted in the ballet dance training system. The Beijing Dance Academy training system is based on the Russian ballet school. A. Vaganova’s teaching methods, including her strict methodological sequencing of developing motor skills, flexibility and adaptability to the national dance style laid the foundation for the new Chinese ballet.
TRANSFORMATION OF AN OPERA PERFORMANCE INTO A BALLET (BY RUSSIAN AND WEST EUROPEAN CHOREOGRAPHERS)
Authors:   Russian Institute of Theatre Arts, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gasnikova O. V.
Published: October 2021

The article describes the appearance of such a phenomenon as the transformation of an opera performance into a ballet. The author pays particular attention to the most outstanding performances of this direction. The characteristic of the musical and choreographic basis of the mentioned performances is given. Particular emphasis was placed on the operas The Magic Flute by W. A. Mozart and Carmen by G. Bizet. The appeal to the opera performance makes it possible to replenish and to enrich the ballet repertoire. Meanwhile many ballet masters use to adopt the musical text of the opera for their performances. The exception is The Magic Flute by Maurice Bejart, who tried to present the full-length version of the opera in choreographic expression without any changes on its part. Not every opera is equally possible to use for ballet interpretation, a lot depends on the content of the opera and the specifics of the musical material. At the same time any choreographer has the opportunity to display his creative potential in this area. Almost all choreographers apply modern innovations in their performances in addition to the classical basis, thereby expanding the horizons of their choreographic language.
NIKOLAI SIDELNIKOV'S SPIRITUAL WORKS AS A REFLECTION OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE
Authors:   Gnesins Russian Academy of Music, Russian Federation, Moscow, Khoroshavina V. B.
Published: October 2021

The article contains the analysis of the Nikolai Sidelnikov’s spiritual art from the standpoint of the XXth-century philosophical and religious beliefs in terms of cultural and religious interactions. It is highlighted that the master is interested not in any particular national or religious tradition but in culture in general. In the author’s spiritual works the word concentrates the sacred meaning, while music doesn’t distract one’s attention from the word perception, but gives its accompaniment in a meaningful way. The composer enriches traditional spiritual music with his own ideas, which are attuned to the ideas of the greatest representatives of Russian religious philosophy. Nikolai Sidelnikov’s musical language is full of profound symbolism; it becomes a holder of ontological semantics embodied in his spiritual works.
СARVERS OF GINGERBREAD BOARDS: TRADITIONS OF THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
Authors:   Khimvolokno Cultural Centre, Tver, Russian Federation, Sergeeva M. I.
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the traditions and features of the craft of gingerbread boards' carvers of Tver. As known, the history of the emergence and the development of the printed gingerbread is inextricably linked with the folk cultural tradition. From the first steps, the gingerbread started to be actively introduced into the folk ritual practice, not only in the calendar agrarian ritual zone, but also in the family household ritual circle, often replacing other forms of ceremonial baking. The whole process of making gingerbread was sacred, including the manufacture of a carved board, the preparation of the gingerbread and its functioning in the ceremony. That is what explains the high status of the printed gingerbread, which it acquired in the social life of our compatriots, although its meanings have partly changed nowadays. The importance of making a gingerbread board was due not only to the sacred nature and patterns that the carver applied, but also to the price of work and material. However, the value of gingerbread was provided primarily by the magical role of dough ingredients, such as flour (obtained from grain), honey, floral spices, but at the same time it was largely determined by the cost of gingerbread. Unfortunately, the cultural zones of the folk gingerbread tradition are poorly and unevenly understood. One of the little-studied pages in the history of printed gingerbread is the work of masters-carvers of gingerbread boards, who largely determined the plan for expressing the mythological and poetic sacred meanings of the traditional gingerbread.
METHODS OF MUSICAL AND RHYTHMIC EDUCATION OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH VISUAL DISABILITIES BASED ON PEDAGOGICAL SYSTEM OF KARL ORFF
Authors:   Magnitogorsk State Conservatory (Academy) named after M. I. Glinka, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Yegorova M. A. , Rabina T. M. ,   Magnitogorsk State Conservatory (Academy) named after M. I. Glinka, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The article reveals the methods of musical-rhythmic education of preschool children with visual disabilities on the basis of pedagogical system by Karl Orff in the process of musical lessons in kindergarten. This method includes the development of speech, figurative thinking, coordination of movements, the development of communication skills, emotionality and creativity of children with visual disabilities. The method provides different musical quests using simple literary text, that allows children to sing along with the teacher, thereby developing their speech; literary and musical images, displayed by various attributes, which children are able to understand, and also tasks for the development of children’s spatial coordination. The method involves different kinds of tasks, such as “Songs with replacement”, in which words are replaced by defined movements, aiming to develop coordination, attention and mind, as well as creative participation of all children in the execution of the musical composition. The tone of voice of the teacher, his manner of communication with children are of great importance along with the laws of perception: a) Tell me an I forget, b) Show me and I remember, c) Put me in the process and I understand.
NIKOLAI MEDTNER ― PROFESSOR OF MOSCOW CONSERVATORY
Authors:   Aichi Prefectural University of the Arts, Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan, Momo Saito
Published: October 2021

The article presents the history of the pedagogical activity of the Russian composer and pianist N. K. Medtner, whose 140th birthday is celebrated in 2020. The article presents new information about Medtner's first piano mentors, as well as about Medtner as a teacher, and his musical preferences. Based on archives of The Moscow State Conservatory, as well as on the memories of Medtner's students, a list of master's successors who studied in his class for approximately seven years during his teaching in Russia was revealed. The study of personal files of students of the first decade of the XXth century allows us to touch upon fundamental questions: what material was used for the pedagogical process of Medtner, whether he used his own compositions for teaching students in his class. Among classical composers Medtner chose for his class J. S. Bach, L. van Beethoven, R. Schumann, F. Chopin and F. Liszt. The Russian repertoire was represented by the works from M. A. Balakirev to A. N. Scriabin. Students often made requests to include their Professor's essays in their programs, which Medtner rarely granted. It is noted, that N. K. Medtner's teaching at The Moscow Conservatory and in private musical institutions in Moscow, did not complete his mentoring pedagogical activity, which continued later outside of Russia.
REPERTOIRE AS THE PREVAILING FACTOR OF THE CONTESTANT’S PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATE
Authors:   Russian State Specialized Academy of Arts, Moscow, Russian Federation, Varlamova T. P.
Published: October 2021

The prevailing empirical and dogmatic approach in the field of repertory policy in the contemporary performing practice of musicians and the lack of scientifically developed recommendations for the selection of musical material require the definition of the concepts of psychological aspect in preparation for the competitive appearances. The essential factor is the selection of a competitive repertoire, which depends both on the requirements of the competition and on the desire to carry out a work that is close in spirit. Recently the self-affirmation of a musician, participating in competitive tests, becomes all the more urgent. The works, that reveal the performing individuality of the contestant, can serve as a condition for the formation of a psychological motive for this activity. In addition, the repertoire serves as a means to form professional qualities of the personality; so when selecting a work, it is necessary to consider the performer’s temperament, character and specific features. The article examines the criteria for selecting a competitive repertoire, its influence on the mental processes of modeling the musician’s attitude to reality in intonated sonic images.
MUSIC COMMUNICATION: WAYS OF REPRODUCTION AND CHANNELS OF PERCEPTION OF MUSIC (historical and analytical view)
Authors:   Russian State Specialized Academy of Arts, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yakoupov A. N.
Published: October 2021

In the article the means of musical communication and their evolution are considered in the historical and analytical aspect. There are two types of communication tools: acoustic, using the airspace as a channel for transmitting encoded information, and visual, which include stage design, allowing to perceive music as a kind of theatrical performance, and musical notation, graphically fixing all the components of the musical text. As the earliest means of nonwritten communication, the oral method is put forward, a vivid example of which is folklore, often called the musical memory of generations. Other examples of oral communication are cult music, improvisation and musical meditation. It is stated that musical writing, in particular, musical notation, and later printing tools have created conditions for overcoming spatial and temporal barriers to the spread of music. The next step is the invention of technical sound recording, which opened a new era in the development of communications. Magnetic recording of the visual series made it possible to create concert films and opera films. Even greater involvement of people in the process of musical communication was facilitated by the appearance of electronic and mechanical means of recording music. The emergence of new opportunities in the field of sound dynamics control, its timbre, influenced the development of musical thinking. A new industry of "production" has emerged with the involvement of professional musicians who own modern recording equipment and specialize in the production of "artificial" musical products. This process was accompanied by the formation of a new audience of listeners who preferred recording to live sound.
FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING AND PERCEPTION OF TRADITIONAL ART IN VIRTUAL AND DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Altai State University, Barnaul, Russian Federation, Turlyun L. N. , Stepanskaya A. G. ,   Altai State University, Barnaul, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The article considers the problem of traditional art functioning in a virtual environment. The most important problem consists in dematerialization of an object, or rather its copy, reproduction, during their conversion into a virtual, electronic-digital dimension. A distinctive feature of the functioning of traditional art in a virtual environment is identified. Emphasis is accorded to the material specifics of works of fine art. The article defines the features of the perception of traditional visual arts in a virtual environment. Multimedia representation resources of the artistic heritage, such as computer graphics and animation, are determined. The diversity of the virtual environment expands the context of traditional art functioning. Meanwhile there are certain negative consequences of digitization of cultural heritage: an electronic copy is not able to substitute the direct communication with a true masterpiece, a flat screen image of an architectural structure does not allow to display it in three-dimensional volume. The possibilities of interactive interplay of participants in artistic process in a virtual environment are considered. As a result, it is concluded that the introduction of digital technologies in the traditional art sphere has an impact both on the structure and the functioning conditions of the artistic image and on its visual perception.
THE INFLUENCE OF TANEYEV’S STYLISTIC PRINCIPLES ON RUSSIAN CHORAL MUSIC OF THE XXTH CENTURY
Authors:   Saratov State Conservatory named after L. V. Sobinov, Saratov, Russian Federation, Tereshchenko V. P.
Published: October 2021

The article touches upon the unique combination of Taneyev’s stylistic principles, which consists in an organic synthesis of protective and innovative features. Taneyev consciously turns to the polyphony of strictly writing, Baroque music and Viennese classicism in forming his own individual compositional style. The paradox is that Taneyev acted as an innovator who foresaw a vision for the future of music through the prism of the distant past. Stylistic principles such as historicism of thinking, rational approach to creativity and leading role of counterpoint forms became the basis of new trends in music art of the XXth century. A special area of the composer's innovative achievements is choral music. Taneyev founded of a number of genre trends that developed in the XXth century, among them a lyrical-philosophical cantata, "spiritual concert" vocal-instrumental and symphonic music, a choral a cappella cycle to secular text.
THE PROJECT OF STAGING "KHOVANSHCHINA" BY M. P. MUSSORGSKY IN B.V. ASAFYEV’S ORCHESTRATION
Authors:   State Institute for Art Studies, Moscow, Russian Federation, Aleksandrova V. A.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the history of an unrealized performance of M. P. Mussorgsky’s opera "Khovanshchina" orchestrated by B. V. Asafyev. On the basis of archival documents, stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts, the Russian National Museum of Music, Central State Archive of Literature and Art of Saint Petersburg, the Bolshoi Theatre Museum, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, studied the circumstances under which the opera was planned to be staged in the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet (nowadays — the Mariinsky Theatre). Fragments from the reports of the Artistic Council of Opera at the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet meetings, the correspondence between B. V. Asafyev and P. A. Lamm, the manuscript "P. A. Lamm. A Biography" by O. P. Lamm and other unpublished archival documents are cited. The author comes to the conclusion that most attempts to perform "Khovanshchina" were hindered by the difficult socio-political circumstances of the 1930s, while the existing assumptions about the creative failure of the Asafyev’s orchestration don’t find clear affirmation, neither in historical documents, nor in the existing manuscript of the orchestral score.
ANCIENT SACRAL MEANINGS OF CONIFEROUS TREE (SPRUCE, PINE) IN TVER TRADITIONAL CULTURE
Authors:   Russian State University named after A. N. Kosygin (Technology. Design. Art) Branch in Tver, Tver, Russian Federation, Sitnikova S. A.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to comprehension of ritual and magic role of coniferous tree (spruce, pine) in traditional national culture and is based on materials of a long-term (2000–2019) folklore and ethnographic expeditionary survey of villages of Tver region made by teachers and students of the State Academy of Slavic Culture (nowadays — Russian State University named after A. N. Kosygin). In addition to expedition materials, the work includes identified folklore and ethnographic archival records and publications of past years, related to the evidence of the coniferous tree's sacral meanings and reflecting the ritual tradition of not only Tver land, but also of territories associated with it. In Tver folk culture there is often a ritual synonymy of spruce and pine, which manifests itself both in attributive and in verbal terms. The logic of this article is primarily associated with Tver traditional calendar and agrarian complex, in which the spruce (pine) tree acts as a mythopoetically saturated ritual attribute of calendar rites and holidays. In addition, folklore and ethnographic evidence of the ritual and symbolic role of spruce (pine) in family and household rituals (wedding, maternity, recruiting) has been introduced. Thus, the material is built so that the archaic sacral meanings of the image of spruce (pine) in the ritual zone of Tver traditional culture are revealed, first of all, taking into account the North Russian dialect vocabulary connected with words "yel' ", "yelina", "yolka", "sosna" аnd their dialect meanings, аnd secondly, with the involvement of local ethnographical samples of traditional folk architecture and applied arts such as embroidery, weaving, wood carving and painting, which have preserved in a more or less evident form the sacred character of the depicted coniferous tree.
ON THE USE OF SOME CLOUD SERVICES IN EDUCATION
Authors:   Magnitogorsk State Conservatory (Academy) named after M. I. Glinka, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Dylkov A. G.
Published: October 2021

Computer and related technologies, in particular the Internet, are an integral part of our life. In connection with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards to educational organizations, high school teachers need to own competencies related to the use of information and computer technologies (ICT) in their professional activity, and in case of music universities — music and computer technologies. ICT not only simplifies and accelerates many forms of the teachers’ work, but also allows to find new ways of working in the educational process. In particular, interaction with students thanks to ICT becomes real-time even in case of distance learning. In this regard, Internet technologies, particularly cloud services — web sites providing various technical capabilities to users without installing any software — are becoming increasingly important for teachers. A significant feature of such tools is their accessibility from any device and from anywhere with Internet access, so the necessary materials are always available to the teacher and, if needed, to other educational process participants. This article considers some cloud services, which can become effective tools in the professional activities of a high school teacher on group disciplines.
SOCIAL AND MUSICAL COMMUNICATION: STAGES OF FORMATION IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Russian State Specialized Academy of Arts, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yakoupov A. N.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the process of social and musical communication formation in Russia from the historical perspective. In practical and theoretical aspects the first attempts to manage social and musical life of the country are considered. Since 30s–40s of the XIXth century, concert societies of a communicative orientation are created in Russia. The first years of the second half of the XIXth century, associated with the development of democratic principles, are marked by a surge in the attention of professional musicians to social and communication processes in music and art in general. The formation of more mature public tastes and the emergence of new trends in the concert life of Russian cities stimulated the renewal of forms of social and musical communication, which required the training of specialists in the field of music education and enlightenment. The opening of conservatories in Saint Petersburg and Moscow created the necessary prerequisites for building a unified system providing not only the formation, but also the subsequent self-regulation of musical communication processes in society. At the beginning of the XXth century Russian National Conservatories played their role in the overall process as one of the effective models of the educational movement and as an example of practical implementation of the tasks of purposeful socio-cultural design in the sphere of functioning of musical art of high spiritual tradition.
TAN DUN'S VIOLIN CONCERTO "THE LOVE" AS A REFLECTION OF STYLISTIC DIVERSITY OF MODERN COMPOSITION
Authors:   Glinka Nizhny Novgorod State Conservatory, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Xing Xin
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes "The Love" Violin Concerto (2009) by the famous Chinese and American composer Tan Dun in contextual, composing and linguistic aspects. Based on the statements of his contemporaries, the author considers the composer's musical and aesthetic views that determine the originality of his style, organically combining avant-garde techniques with elements of traditional Chinese music. Tan Dun's Violin Concerto exists in three versions with different titles ("Out of Peking Opera" 1987, "The Love" 2009, "Rhapsody and Fantasy" 2018), representing different artistic concepts with a new viewpoint on the same intonational material. Three movements of the Concerto "The Love" reflect the evolution of feelings at different stages of human life. The composer manages to combine the idea of "national" (a tendency going back to the version of the Concerto "Out of Peking Opera" 1987) with a philosophical understanding of the category of love. The paper discusses the originality of the dramaturgy of "The Love" Violin Concerto, which assumes the third part as the main center (based on the development of thematic material of the first and second movements), the consolidation of parts of the attacca cycle and the rondality of the musical form. The most important peculiarity of the composition is the mixture of elements belonging to different cultural and temporal layers of music. The stylistic diversity of Tan Dun's Concerto is reflected in the following details: the composer's introduction of a stylized tune from the Beijing Opera erhuang, speech intonations resembling recitatives of Chinese dramas, borrowings from his own film music (the second movement), the use of methods typical for traditional Chinese music, yaoban and sanban, the timbre of oriental percussion instruments in a classical symphony orchestra, as well as dodecaphone techniques, aleatorics and Hip-hop rhythms. Special attention in the article is paid to interpretation of expressive possibilities of solo violin: methods of classical-romantic technique are synthesized with traditions of performance on Chinese stringed instruments.