bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of direct and indirect effects of building developments on the environment
Authors: Szafranko Elżbieta Hanna
Published: April 2019

Any building construction undertaking is inseparable from the environment in which it will be executed. Among all buildings, the most difficult ones from the point of view of nature protection are those which have been classified as having a considerable impact on the environment. Roads and road infrastructure are a particular case. Construction of roads or railroads and their subsequent long-term use lead to many changes in the environment. When planning such building projects, it is recommended to develop variant solutions in order to choose the one that would be least harmful to the environment, and then to submit them to an objective assessment. To facilitate the selection of an optimal solution, assessment indicators are developed. However, it needs to be remembered that a factor perceived as a negative one in the immediate assessment might generate positive consequences on a broader scale and vice versa. Hence, an assessment of the impacts on the environment caused by building projects should be viewed in the context of indirect (global) and direct (local) effects. This article will present a model analysis of the impacts caused by a fragment of a road, including local and global effects measured by the indicator method. This method has been developed by the author of this article, who believes that it enables the user to make a complex analysis, while the graphic presentation it involves, discussed in the conclusions to this paper, helps to decide easily which factors are decisive in the final assessment of the analysed project.
The Interactive Self – A Review on Simulating Social Interactions to Understand the Mechanisms of Social Agency
Authors: Brandi Marie-Luise , Kaifel Daniela , Bolis Dimitris , Schilbach Leonhard
Published: April 2019

The sense of agency is a core element of self-experiences and is defined as the feeling of oneself being the ‘initiator’ of an action. It is thought to depend on an implicit coupling of action-outcome predictions and the sensory perception of the action. This concept is well-studied in the motor-domain, but less is known about agency during social interactions. It is clear that a sense of agency also occurs when we perform a social action (e. g. looking at someone’s eyes) and receiving feedback by another person (e. g. returning eye-contact). Here, we will refer to the experience of agency within a social interaction as the sense of social agency. The main aim of this article is to first, describe the concept of social agency and second review how virtual reality can help to simulate social interactions in order to systematically study self-experiences and social agency. Gaze-contingent eye-tracking paradigms represent a powerful tool in this endeavour, while we emphasise the importance of implementing ecologically valid, interactive stimuli. We furthermore propose a computational approach that can be useful to analyse such data based on the concept of predictive processing. Finally, we highlight the clinical relevance of this account and suggest how this approach can be helpful in providing a mechanistic description of social impairments across various psychiatric disorders. With this article, we attempt to review previous experimental work, suggest new methodological procedures and encourage future empirical research in the field.
Argus Vision: A Tracking Tool for Exhibition Designers
Authors: Skowronski Moritz , Klinkhammer Daniel , Reiterer Harald
Published: April 2019

Contemporary exhibitions are increasingly staged using extensive and often interactive media. To create such exhibitions, exhibition design companies employ professionals from a wide range of different disciplines. The support of interdisciplinary exhibition designers in the design process is one goal of research in Human-Computer Interaction. This includes the deployment of Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Tools that enable professionals from all disciplines involved to design and create interactive media themselves. In this paper, we will present Argus Vision, a DIY Tool, which allows exhibition designers the use of camera-tracking to rapidly prototype and develop immersive exhibitions and interactive installations. We successfully used Argus Vision in two real-world case studies both in the prototyping and in the deployment of two installations in exhibitions. Additionally, we conducted expert interviews with exhibition designers, investigating the tool’s usefulness for them.
Significance Tests for Boosted Location and Scale Models with Linear Base-Learners
Authors: Hepp Tobias , Schmid Matthias , Mayr Andreas
Published: April 2019

Generalized additive models for location scale and shape (GAMLSS) offer very flexible solutions to a wide range of statistical analysis problems, but can be challenging in terms of proper model specification. This complex task can be simplified using regularization techniques such as gradient boosting algorithms, but the estimates derived from such models are shrunken towards zero and it is consequently not straightforward to calculate proper confidence intervals or test statistics. In this article, we propose two strategies to obtain p-values for linear effect estimates for Gaussian location and scale models based on permutation tests and a parametric bootstrap approach. These procedures can provide a solution for one of the remaining problems in the application of gradient boosting algorithms for distributional regression in biostatistical data analyses. Results from extensive simulations indicate that in low-dimensional data both suggested approaches are able to hold the type-I error threshold and provide reasonable test power comparable to the Wald-type test for maximum likelihood inference. In high-dimensional data, when gradient boosting is the only feasible inference for this model class, the power decreases but the type-I error is still under control. In addition, we demonstrate the application of both tests in an epidemiological study to analyse the impact of physical exercise on both average and the stability of the lung function of elderly people in Germany.
The Use of Natural Language Processing Approach for Converting Pseudo Code to C# Code
Authors: Imam Ayad Tareq , Alnsour Ayman Jameel
Published: April 2019

Although current computer-aided software engineering tools support developers in composing a program, there is no doubt that more flexible supportive tools are needed to address the increases in the complexity of programs. This need can be met by automating the intellectual activities that are carried out by humans when composing a program. This paper aims to automate the composition of a programming language code from pseudocode, which is viewed here as a translation process for a natural language text, as pseudocode is a formatted text in natural English language. Based on this view, a new automatic code generator is developed that can convert pseudocode to C# programming language code. This new automatic code generator (ACG), which is called CodeComposer, uses natural language processing (NLP) techniques such as verb classification, thematic roles, and semantic role labeling (SRL) to analyze the pseudocode. The resulting analysis of linguistic information from these techniques is used by a semantic rule-based mapping machine to perform the composition process. CodeComposer can be viewed as an intelligent computer-aided software engineering (I_CASE) tool. An evaluation of the accuracy of CodeComposer using a binomial technique shows that it has a precision of 88%, a recall of 91%, and an F-measure of 89%.
English orientating constructions denoting location: classification and article use
Authors: Talavira Nataliia
Published: April 2019

The paper singles out English orientating constructions which refer to constant coordinates meant to position situational changeable entities, e.g.at eye level,on hand,in part,in detail. The analysis of constructions denoting location reveals their entrenchment in mind in the basic – articleless – form representing situation coordinates on the superordinate categorization level. Orientating constructions have two discursive variants depending upon the article in their structure: definite and indefinite. The definite article refers to the reference points imposed by a particular situation which is signalled by the combination of orientating and extending constructions while the indefinite article points to the establishment of new coordinates.
Environmental and health impacts of industrial wastewater effluents in Pakistan: a review
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad , Ahmad Waqas , Khan Hizbullah , Yousaf Saeeda , Yasir Muhammad , Khan Anwarzeb
Published: April 2019

In developing countries, one of the most severe modern-day dilemmas is the management of industrial wastewater. In these countries, industrial wastewater effluents are directly discharged into the natural drain, a sewer system, an internal septic tank or a nearby field. Some of these industrial wastewater effluents are inadequately treated or untreated before being discharged. In recent years, in developing countries, urbanization and industrial activities have led to environmental deterioration. This paper was designed to review the health and environmental impacts of inadequately treated or untreated industrial wastewater effluents in Pakistan. The quality of industrial wastewater effluents is responsible for the degradation of the receiving water bodies. This is due to the reason that inadequately treated or untreated industrial wastewater effluents may cause eutrophication in the receiving water bodies and also form a favorable condition for toxin-producing waterborne pathogens. In order to comply with the wastewater guidelines and legislations, there is a need for proper treatment before discharge. In order to minimize the risk to the environment and public health, there is a need for proper treatment processes for industrial wastewater effluents. To achieve unpolluted discharge of industrial wastewater into the receiving water bodies, regular monitoring, proper and suitable treatment, careful planning and appropriate legislation are recommended.
Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and their Applications in Different Fields: A Review
Authors: Kamran Urooj , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Iqbal Munawar , Nazir Arif
Published: April 2019

Nanotechnology is an art for application and handling of materials at very small scales i.e. 1–100 nm. The materials at this scale exhibit significantly different properties compared to same materials at larger scales. There are so many physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of nanoscale materials but the most appropriate are the ones that synthesize materials using green chemistry eco-friendly techniques. Recently, the collaboration between nanotechnology and biology has opened up new horizons of nanobiotechnology that integrates the use of biological materials in a number of biochemical and biophysical processes. This approach has significantly boosted up nanoparticles (NPs) production without employing harsh and toxic conditions and chemicals. This review is aimed to provide an outline of latest developments in synthesis of NPs through biotic entities and their potential applications.
Investigating of Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Egyptian Crude Oil-Water Mixture Using Electrochemical Method
Authors: Deyab M.A. , Keera S.T.
Published: April 2019

Anin-situelectrochemical polarization study was used to investigate the erosion-corrosion (E-C) behavior of C-steel in Egyptian crude oil-water mixture (ECWM) under mimetic different conditions. The anodic polarization responses for C-steel in ECWM are recognized active-passive region. Flow rate, sand particles and temperature increased the E-C rate. Disintegration rate to erosion rate proportion (E/C) was calculated and talked about.
The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Expression of IDOand Qa2 Molecules in Dendritic Cells
Authors: Moravej Ali , Kouhpayeh Amin , Geramizadeh Bita , Azarpira Negar , Yaghobi Ramin , Mansoori Yaser , Karimi Mohammad-Hossein
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to reduce the activity of immunecells, including dendritic cells (DCs). But the exact mechanism of mesenchymal inhibitionof DCs is still unknown. In this study, the effect of mesenchymal cells on the expression ofindoleamine dioxygenase (IDO) and Qa2 molecules in DCs was evaluated.Methods: MSCs and DCs were respectively isolated from the bone marrow and spleen of BALB/cmice. Then DCs were co-cultured with MSCs in the present and absence of lipopolysaccharides(LPS). Then the expression of mRNA and protein of IDO and Qa2 molecules were investigatedin DCs that were treated with MSCs.Results: The expression of IDO and Qa2 mRNA in DCs that were treated with MSCs did notsignificantly differ from the control group. The expression of IDO protein in DCs that were coculturedwith MSCs (in 1:10 and 1:50 ratios) in absence of LPS was increased, although theywere not statistically significant (P values: 0.24 and 0.18, respectively). The expression of Qa2protein in DCs that were co-cultured with MSCs (in 1:10 and 1:50 ratios) in presence of LPS wasincreased, although they were not statistically significant (P-values: 0.09 and 0.33, respectively).Conclusion: Our results denied the possibility that MSCs led to the induction of tolerogenic DCsby increasing the expression of the IDO and Qa2 immunomodulatory molecules.
Preconditioning of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Non-ToxicConcentration of Hydrogen Peroxide Against Oxidative StressInduced Cell Death: The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1
Authors: Nouri Fatemeh , Nematollahi-Mahani Seyed Noureddin , Shariﬁ Ali Mohammad
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of preconditioning with non-toxic dose of hydrogenperoxide (H2O2) as a possible cell signaling molecule, against cell death induced by toxicconcentration of H2O2 or by serum deprivation in human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymalstem cells (HWJ-MSCs) and underlying mechanisms.Methods: HWJ-MSCs were isolated and identified using flow cytometry. After finding non-toxicconcentration of H2O2, cells preconditioning was performed by H2O2 (20 μM) for 12 h and celltolerance against serum deprivation or toxic levels of H2O2 was assayed by MTT test. Effect ofpreconditioning on mRNA and protein expression of Akt-1, Bcl-2 and Bax were examined usingreverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting respectively. Roleof hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was explored in presence HIF-1α inhibitor.Results: Preconditioning with 20 μM H2O2 for 12 h was non-toxic and decreased cell deathinduced by oxidative stress and serum deprivation in MSC cultures. However, the increasedtolerance reversed in the presence of inhibitor of HIF-1α. By regards to RT-PCR and westernblotting data, although expression of Akt-1, Bcl-2 and Bax was not change considerably butphosphorylated Akt-1 (pAkt-1) was up regulated after treatment with 20 μM H2O2 compared tocontrol group. Moreover after exposure to 100 μM H2O2, western blotting analysis showed thatcell pretreatment with 20 μM H2O2, decremented Bax/Bcl2 ratio and up-regulated HIF-1α andpAkt-1 compared to the control group.Conclusion: Increased tolerance of H2O2-pretreated cells led to the suggestion that transplantationof H2O2 preconditioned MSCs may improve therapeutic potential of stem cells in cell therapyprocedures.
Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer Cells Using Novel pH-ResponsiveCellulose-Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Abbasian Mojtaba , Mahmoodzadeh Farideh , khalili Azra , Salehi Roya
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The objective of the current study was to compare the anticancer efficacy ofdoxorubicin-loaded cellulose based magnetic (Fe3O4), zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on andfree doxorubicin (DOX) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.Methods: Novel pH-sensitive cellulose-graft poly acrylic acid based Fe3O4 (Cellulose-g-PAAg-PAcMNPs) and ZnO (Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcZnO) nanocomposites were synthesized viapolymerization of acrylic acid and modified 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate onto thecellulosic backbone via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) method.Results: Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcMNPs and Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcZnO nanocarriers with meandiameter of 15 and 38 nm were prepared successfully. DOX was loaded effectively to theZnO and Fe3O4 nanocarriers via complexing and electrostatic force with great encapsulationefficiency of 99.07% and 98.92%, respectively. DOX-loaded nanocarriers showed obvious pHdependenttumor specific drug release pattern. MTT assay results indicated that IC50 of theDOX loaded Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcZnO, DOX loaded Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcMNPs and freeDOX after 48 hours treatment with MCF7 cell lines were about 24.03, 49.27 and 99.76 μg mL−1,respectively. Therefore both DOX nanoformulations significantly increase antitumor abilitycompared to free DOX (P < 0.05). The results of MTT assay and DAPI staining revealed thatDOX-loaded Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcZnO NPs show higher chemotherapy efficiency in MCF7breast cancer cell line compare to the DOX-loaded Cellulose-g-PAA-g-PAcMNPs due to highinteraction of ZnO with DOX.Conclusion: The formation of the complexes between the DOX and ZnO nanoparticles atthe chelating sites of the quinone and the phenolic oxygen molecules of DOX, lead to moresustained drug release and enhanced chemotherapy effectiveness by increasing the intracellularconcentration of DOX.
Afamin predicts gestational diabetes in polycystic ovary syndrome patients preconceptionally
Authors: Köninger Angela , Iannaccone Antonella , Hajder Ensar , Frank Mirjam , Schmidt Boerge , Schleussner Ekkehard , Kimmig Rainer , Gellhaus Alexandra , Dieplinger Hans
Published: April 2019

Background

Patients suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are often insulin resistant and at elevated risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to explore afamin, which can be determined preconceptionally to indicate patients who will subsequently develop GDM. Serum concentrations of afamin are altered in conditions of oxidative stress like insulin resistance (IR) and correlate with the gold standard of IR determination, the HOMA index.

Methods

Afamin serum concentrations and the HOMA index were analyzedpost hocin 63 PCOS patients with live births. Patients were treated at Essen University Hospital, Germany, between 2009 and 2018. Mann–WhitneyUtest,Ttest, Spearman’s correlation, linear regression models and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed for statistical analysis.

Results

Patients who developed GDM showed significantly higher HOMA and serum afamin values before their pregnancy (P < 0.001, respectively). ROCs for afamin concentrations showed an area under the curve of 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.90) and of 0.77 (95% CI 0.64–0.89) for the HOMA index. An afamin threshold of 88.6 mg/L distinguished between women who will develop GDM and those who will not with a sensitivity of 79.3% and a specificity of 79.4%. A HOMA index of 2.5 showed a sensitivity of 65.5% and a specificity of 88.2%.

Conclusion

The HOMA index and its surrogate parameter afamin are able to identify pre-pregnant PCOS patients who are at risk to develop GDM. Serum afamin concentrations are independent of fasting status and therefore an easily determinable biomarker.
X chromosome gene dosage as a determinant of congenital malformations and of age-related comorbidity risk in patients with Turner syndrome, from childhood to early adulthood
Authors: Fiot Elodie , Zénaty Delphine , Boizeau Priscilla , Haignere Jérémie , Dos Santos Sophie , Léger Juliane , _ _ , _ _ , Carel J C , Cabrol S , Chanson P , Christin-Maitre S , Courtillot C , Donadille B , Dulon J , Houang M , Nedelcu M , Netchine I , Polak M , Salenave S , Samara-Boustani D , Simon D , Touraine P , Viaud M , Bony H , Braun K , Desailloud R , Bertrand A M , Mignot B , Schillo F , Barat P , Kerlan V , Metz C , Sonnet E , Reznik Y , Ribault V , Carla H , Tauveron I , Bensignor C , Huet F , Verges B , Chabre O , Dupuis C , Spiteri A , Cartigny M , Stuckens C , Weill J , Lienhardt A , Naud-Saudreau C , Borson-Chazot F , Brac de la Perriere A , Pugeat M , Brue T , Reynaud R , Simonin G , Paris F , Sultan C , Leheup B , Weryha G , Baron S , Charbonnel B , Dubourdieu S , Baechler E , Fenichel P , Wagner K , Compain F , Crosnier H , Personnier C , Delemer B , Hecart A C , Souchon P F , De Kerdanet M , Galland F , Nivot-Adamiak S , Castanet M , Lecointre C , Richard O , Jeandidier N , Soskin S , Lecomte P , Pepin-Donat M , Pierre P
Published: April 2019

Objective

Turner Syndrome is associated with several phenotypic conditions associated with a higher risk of subsequent comorbidity. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of congenital malformations and the occurrence of age-related comorbid conditions and to determine whether the frequencies of congenital and acquired conditions depend on X chromosome gene dosage, as a function of karyotype subgroup.

Design and methods

This national retrospective observational cohort study includes 1501 patients. We evaluated the prevalence of congenital malformations and the cumulative incidence of subsequent specific comorbidities at five-year intervals, from the ages of 10 to 30 years, with stratification by karyotype subgroup: 45,X (n = 549), 45,X/46,isoXq (n = 280), 46,X,r(X)/46,XX (n = 106), 45,X/46,XX (n = 221), presence of Y (n = 87).

Results

Median age was 9.4 (3.7–13.7) years at first evaluation and 16.8 (11.2–21.4) years at last evaluation. Congenital heart (18.9%) malformations were more frequent in 45,X patients, and congenital renal (17.2%) malformations were more frequent in 45,X, 45,X/46,isoXq and 46,X,r(X)/46,XX patients than in those with 45,X/46,XX mosaicism or a Y chromosome (P < 0.0001). The cumulative incidence of subsequent acquired conditions, such as thyroid disease, hearing loss, overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia and, to a lesser extent, celiac disease, glucose intolerance/type 2 diabetes, hypertension and liver dysfunction increased with age, but less markedly for patients with mosaicism than for those with other karyotypes. Patients with a ring chromosome were more prone to metabolic disorders.

Conclusion

These data suggest that X gene chromosome dosage, particularly for Xp genes, contributes to the risk of developing comorbidities.
Die Reformen der Kapitalregulierung von Kreditinstituten seit der Finanzkrise
Authors: Wahrenburg Mark
Published: April 2019

Seit der Finanzmarktkrise wurden viele unterschiedliche Regulierungsmaßahmen umgesetzt, um die Stabilität der Banken in Krisensituationen durch die Stärkung ihrer Kapitalbasis zu erhöhen. Neben den Reformen der Eigenkapital- bzw. der Eigenmittelvorschriften zählen dazu auch die Neugestaltung der Gläubigerhierarchie und die Schaffung neuer Fremdkapitalklassen im Rahmen der MREL-/TLAC-Vorgaben. Der vorliegende Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Stellhebel dieser Regulierungen. Er zeigt, dass neben den viel diskutierten Basler Eigenkapitalquoten vielfältige weitere Stellhebel auf die Stabilität der Banken einwirken. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele werden die Komplexität sowie vielfältige Implementierungsprobleme und Hemmnisse bei der Umsetzung der intendierten Regulierungsziele dargelegt.

Die Reformen haben die risikogewichteten Eigenkapitalanforderungen der Basler Säule 1 verstärkt und zusätzliche Eigenkapitalanforderungen im Rahmen der Neugestaltung der Säule 2 mit sich gebracht. Mit dem Europäischen Stresstest und der Verschuldungsquote wurden zusätzliche neue Regulierungen für die Eigenkapitalausstattung eingeführt. Schließlich wurde mit dem „Bail-In Fremdkapital“ eine neue Klasse von verlustabsorbierendem Fremdkapital eingeführt.
Prospekthaftung – Aktuelle Entwicklungen
Authors: Schlitt Michael , Landschein Carlos
Published: April 2019

Im Rahmen von Kapitalmarkttransaktionen wird regelmäßig viel Sorgfalt darauf verwandt, den bei einem öffentlichen Angebot von Wertpapieren oder ihrer Zulassung zum regulierten Markt erforderlichen Prospekt und die weiteren Vermarktungsdokumente zu erstellen. Der Emittent und die übrigen Transaktionsbeteiligten haben dabei das Ziel vor Augen, es nicht zu Schadensersatzansprüchen von Anlegern kommen zu lassen. Wird im Zuge der Transaktion ein Wertpapierprospekt veröffentlicht, geht es vor allem darum, Prospekthaftungsansprüche nicht entstehen zu lassen. Aber auch die Haftung für sonstige Vermarktungsdokumente gerät verstärkt in das Blickfeld. Nachfolgend soll eine Auswahl praktisch relevanter Konstellationen beleuchtet werden.
MiFID II/MiFIR und PRIIPs-VO: Verbraucherschutz gegen die Verbraucherinteressen? Eine regulierungsökonomische empirische Untersuchung
Authors: Paul Stephan , Schröder Nicola , Schumacher Simon
Published: April 2019

Auf Basis eines bundesweiten Samples von 153 Kreditinstituten und 2.852 Kunden analysiert diese Studie die wohlfahrtsökonomischen Auswirkungen von MiFID II/MiFIR und der PRIIPs-VO vor dem Hintergrund des Anleger- und Verbraucherschutzes. Im Kern steht die Kosten-Nutzen-Relation und damit die Frage, ob die aus den wertpapierrechtlichen Novellen erwachsenden Belastungen durch einen ausreichend hohen Nutzen(-zuwachs) kompensiert werden. Das ist jedoch in Summe nicht der Fall. Hohen direkten und indirekten Kosten steht ein bestenfalls zweifelhafter, tendenziell jedoch sogar negativer Nutzen entgegen. Letztlich drohen die Neuregelungen sogar, Kunden von Kapitalmarkt-Engagements abzubringen und konterkarieren so nicht nur die Zielsetzungen der Kapitalmarktunion, sondern sind auch im Sinne der privaten Vorsorgebildung bedenklich.
The Associations Among the Academic Self-Concept Elements of Entry Level Academic
Authors: Balaban Vlado , Koribská Iva , Chudý Štefan
Published: April 2019

This paper focuses on the associations of the selected elements of academic self-concept among entry level academic staff which contribute to building their professional self-concept. The study investigated the question whether a positive correlation exists among selected elements of academic self-concept among the research sample. The main aim of the study was to analyse associations among motivational beliefs, self-efficacy, metacognitive strategies and meaningfulness of studies as elements influencing the learning autoregulation of respondents which would contribute to the development of academic self-concept. The research methods included the implementation of the standardized questionnaire DAUS comprising 40 items divided into four groups that respondents’ rate according to a seven-point scale, from "1 – I totally disagree" to "7 - I fully agree," with 4 meaning "difficult to decide". The results reveal positive associations among academic self-concept elements, but these associations differ in terms of countries. It can be concluded that the strongest correlation is between meaningfulness of studies and motivational beliefs.
Essencialidade de plano de manejo para licenciamento ambiental de loteamento em área de proteção ambiental
Authors: Santin Valter Foleto , Coimbra Alfredo
Published: April 2019

Este trabalho trata da necessidade de plano de manejo para licenciamento ambiental de loteamento em área de proteção ambiental. A pretensão é a verificação da importância do plano de manejo para o licenciamento pelo Poder Público, em face da legislação federal aplicável, providência essencial para a regularidade formal do empreendimento. Adotou-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica.
The Clinical Significance of Molecular Markers — BRAF V600E Mutations and CDKN2A Deletions — in Low-Grade Pediatric Gliomas: Cohort Study
Authors: Mikhaleuskaya Taisiya M. , Valochnik Alena V. , Konoplya Natalya E. , Bydanov Oleg I.
Published: April 2019

Background. Low-grade gliomas are the most common brain tumors in children. Gliomas have a favorable prognosis, but in some cases relapses or continued tumor growth occur. With relatively similar clinical and morphological characteristics of tumors, it is rather difficult to select a group of patients who may have progression. Objective. Our aim was to study the impact of certain clinical, histological and molecular characteristics of tumors on the progression/recurrence. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Clinical data, histological features and molecular markers (overexpression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2), mutation of B-Raf kinase (BRAF V600E), deletion of CDKN2A gene (delCDKN2A) were studied in 90 patients with low-grade pediatric gliomas, who were treated in the Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology during 2010–2018. In gliomas with signs of anaplasia expression of gene of the X-linked alpha-thalassemia syndrome (ATRX), a trymethylated form of histone 3 (H3K27me), p53, and mutation of the dehydrogenase 1 isocitrate 1 gene (IDH1R132H) were also evaluated. Immunohistochemistry and the hybridization in situ (FISH) was performed to evaluate the molecular markers. Results. Statistical analysis confirmed the importance of such factors as non-radical tumor removal (p<0.0001), repeated treatment (p<0.0025), overexpression of pERK1/2 (p<0.0001), histological signs of anaplasia (p<0.0022), areas of diffuse growth (p<0.001), BRAF V600E (p<0.0001), delCDKN2A (p<0.0099). In tissue of gliomas with anaplasia overexpression of pERK1/2, mutation BRAF V600E, delCDKN2A and ATRX loss were more common. When conducting multivariate analysis, non-radical tumor removal and the presence of one of the molecular markers significantly influenced the prognosis (p<0.0001). Conclusion. The definition of molecular markers and the simultaneous assessment of the degree of tumor resection allows us to distinguish a group of patients with a high risk of tumor recurrence / progression.
Fluid illness
Authors: Moore Jillian , Baird Caitlin , Rohloff Peter
Published: April 2019

In response to the rising rate of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Guatemala, the public health system established a national community-based dialysis program to enable people living in rural areas to complete treatment in their homes. Here we explore how this newly available, life-prolonging technology has altered local worlds by transforming ESRD from an acute, life-ending illness into a managed chronic condition with an uncertain trajectory. Through case studies, we describe how living with dialysis influences family relations and caregiving in rural Guatemala. We find that dialysis interacts with an insufficient health care system, one that avoids life-ending complications but does not sufficiently manage life-altering symptoms. In addition, the need to care for people with ESRD for an uncertain amount of time may disrupt and strain family-based caregiving networks. Amid this meager health and social welfare infrastructure, life on dialysis exacerbates the chronic insecurity and structural inequality of life in postwar Guatemala. As both life and illness are prolonged through dialysis, the unceasing demands of the treatment and illness strain the webs of obligation and care that Guatemalan families and communities have developed to adapt to their decentralized and fragmented public health care system.
Neocolonial epidemiology
Authors: Cerón Alejandro
Published: April 2019

The relationship between public health practice and the fulfilment of the right to health is often assumed to be synergistic. With the goal of understanding how exactly this relationship happens, I studied the everyday practice of epidemiology in Guatemala, seeking to understand how it shapes and is shaped by the notion of health as a human right. Here I present findings from my ethnographic investigation of the Guatemalan Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (National Epidemiology Center), created in 2004 with the explicit mission of contributing to fulfilling the right to health for the inhabitants of Guatemala. While the relationship between epidemiological practice and the right to health is influenced by the specific configuration of local and transnational flows (bureaucratic, economic, ideological, political, scientific, social, and symbolic), epidemiologists also play an important mediating role. There are four intermediate social mechanisms that shape the relevance of epidemiological practice to fulfilling the right to health in Guatemala. Given how the country’s economic and social inequalities translate into enormous health inequities, an epidemiological practice committed to the right to health should aspire to transform, rather than reproduce, the social hierarchies underlying such inequalities. The mechanisms I identified shape how epidemiological practice contributes to the reproduction or transformation of such hierarchies. These mechanisms shape what I call ‘neocolonial epidemiology’, and include: institutional chaos, disciplinary conformism, global health international relations, and social relations at the national level.
Türkiye'deki Elektronik Ticaret Uygulamalarına Müşteri Gözünden Bakış ve İyileştirme Önerileri
Authors: YILMAZ Engin , KARAKADILAR İbrahim Sarper
Published: April 2019

Günümüzde e-ticaret uygulamaları küresel çapta etkileyici bir şekilde büyüyerek nihai tüketicilerin sıklıkla tercih ettikleri bir alışveriş ortamı haline gelmiştir. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin firmadan-müşteriye (B2C) doğru perakende e-ticaret işlem hacimlerinin yüksek olmasına rağmen, Türkiye’de ise benzer bir performans ortaya konulamadığı görülmektedir. Bundan dolayı bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki e-ticaret pazar potansiyelinin beklendiği düzeyde gerçekleşmemiş olmasının nedenlerini tespit ederek çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir. Bu doğrultuda, öncelikle sektör bazında yapılmış araştırmalar incelenmiş ve bu çalışmalardan faydalanılarak bir anket formu geliştirilmiştir. Daha sonra bu anket formu İstanbul’da e-ticaret müşterisi olarak tanımlanan, orta gelir düzeyinde maaşlı çalışan 312 kişiden oluşan örneklem kitlesine uygulanmıştır. Toplanan anketler neticesinde, örnek kitlenin e ticaret uygulamaları için harcadığı alışveriş bütçesi ile bu işlemler için ayırdığı zamanın çok düşük düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Buna karşın anket katılımcılarının e ticaret firmalarının performansını değerlendirilirken önem verdikleri unsurlar olarak satış sonrası hizmet kalitesi ve teslimat süresinin makul olması belirlenmiştir. E-ticaret uygulamalarıyla ilgili genel olarak müşterilerin en büyük çekincesiyse güvenlik algısı sorunudur. Bu sorunun üstesinden gelinmesi mikro ölçekte firma bazında değil ancak makro boyutta devlet ve sektörün hep birlikte hareket etmesiyle ele alınmalıdır. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye yerli milli siber güvenlik tedbirlerini geliştirmeli ve sektörde faaliyet gösteren firmalara yönelik yasal düzenlemeler oluşturmalıdır.
Özel Kurumlara Ait Huzurevlerinin Mekânsal Risklerinin Fine-Kinney Yöntemi Kullanılarak İncelenmesi: İstanbul Örneği
Authors: ÜRÜK Zerrin Funda , YILMAZ Didem , BORAN Semra
Published: April 2019

Dünya ve Türkiye’deki nüfus hızla yaşlanmakta ve bu yaşlı nüfusun barınma ve bakımı gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Yaşlı bireylerin barınma ve bakımları için hizmet veren huzurevleri gibi kuruluşların önemi ve dünya standartlarına uygun hizmet vermesi ülkemizde de gün geçtikçe önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada; huzurevlerinde yaşayan yaşlıların yaşam standartlarını daha iyi bir düzeye çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. İstanbul ili kapsamında özel kurumlara ait 29 huzurevi incelenmiş, kurumlardan alınan veya birebir mekânlarda tespit edilen veriler sayesinde mekânlardaki ortaya çıkan aksaklıklar değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma esnasında; huzurevlerinde yaşlı nüfusun sıklıkla kullandıkları mekânlar tespit edilmiş ve 5 ana mekânsal risk tanımlanmış ve bu riskler 47 alt risk grubuna ayrılmıştır.  Mekânların alt risk gruplarının her biri Fine-Kinney Risk Değerlendirme yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiş ve en riskli mekânların verilerine ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, İstanbul’daki huzurevlerinde yaşayan yaşlı bireylerin yaşam standartlarını daha iyi bir düzeye çıkarmak için mekânlardaki risklere göre dikkat etmemiz gereken alanları tespit edip, mekânların iyileştirmeleri için öneriler sunulmuştur.
Matematik Derslerinde Matematik Tarihi Kullanımının Matematik Tutumuna Etkisi
Authors: BAŞIBÜYÜK Kani , SOYLU Yasin
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmada, matematik derslerinde matematik tarihi kullanımının

öğrencilerin matematiğe olan tutumlarına etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada

verilerin elde edilmesi sürecinde deneysel desenlerden yarı deneysel desen

olarak değerlendirilen ön test/son test eşitlenmemiş kontrol gruplu model

kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, Erzincan ilinde bir ortaokulda farklı iki şubede

bulunan 39 sekizinci sınıf öğrencisi ve bir ortaokul matematik öğretmeni ile

gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada öğrencilerin matematik tarihi uygulamaları

sonucunda matematiğe yönelik tutumlarındaki değişimi incelemek için ortaokul

öğrencilerinin matematik tutumlarını incelemeyi amaçlayan ölçek kullanılmıştır.

Elde edilen veriler Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 18) programı

kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde normallik testi

sonuçlarına göre ilgili testler kullanılmış ve gerekli değerlendirmelerde

bulunulmuştur. Matematik tutumu ilgi, kaygı, çalışma ve gereklilik olmak üzere

dört faktör altında toplanmıştır. 

Bulgular incelendiğinde matematik tarihi uygulamalarının matematik

dersine yönelik tutumu olumlu yönde etkilediği anlaşılmaktadır
Sociedade de consumo e obsolescência programada: impasses à conquista do Objetivo nº 12 de desenvolvimento sustentável da Agenda 2030
Authors: Mangiolaro Marla Meneses , Silveira Daniel Barile da
Published: April 2019

O presente trabalho aborda o processo de globalização e seus impactos negativos quanto ao estímulo ao consumo que afetam o meio ambiente, consubstanciado na aplicabilidade prática da ideia de obsolescência programada em face da agenda desenvolvimentista carreada pelos objetivos do milênio. Para este objetivo, um aprimoramento do uso prático dos conceitos de sustentabilidade, consumo consciente e solidariedade merece estar mais presente no debate jurídico contemporâneo, no sentido de combater aos avanços da tecnologia e do mercado desregulado da atualidade, de maneira a fazer frente à obsolescência programada produzida pelas grandes corporações do mercado. Neste contexto, a partir de uma metodologia dedutiva e com base na discussão do diálogo de fontes do direito internacional e interno, o presente trabalho busca traçar soluções para se atingir a conquista de uma agenda sustentável de consumo, balizada pelas orientações estabelecidas no objetivo nº. 12 da agenda de 2030. Nesta medida, o que se verifica é que uma maior regulação de determinados setores do mercado poderá suscitar o atingimento de tais pressupostos.
Responsabilidade civil dos influenciadores digitais
Authors: Gasparotto Ana Paula Gilio , Freitas Cinthia Obladen de Almendra , Efing Antônio Carlos
Published: April 2019

A publicidade no Brasil é regulada tanto no âmbito estatal quanto no âmbito privado, com a finalidade de inibir a publicidade ilícita, que pode se apresentar de forma abusiva e/ou enganosa, garantindo, assim, os direitos dos consumidores. A publicidade, além de informar, utiliza-se de armas para alterar o comportamento de compra, atraindo os consumidores à aquisição de produtos e serviços. Com o avanço da tecnologia e das facilidades que a Internet pode oferecer, vive-se, atualmente, em uma sociedade de exposição, onde cada vez mais os indivíduos compartilham seus interesses e opiniões, sendo que, a partir daí surge a figura do influenciador digital, um indivíduo formador de opinião digital, capaz de modificar comportamentos, e até mesmo, a mentalidade de seus seguidores. Assim, as empresas de olho nessa nova forma de interação entre as pessoas recorrem aos influenciadores digitais, a fim de angariar clientes e obter lucro, ampliando, assim, as partes integrantes da cadeia de consumo. Nesse contexto, inquire-se, aqui, sobre a possibilidade de responsabilização civil dos influenciadores digitais em razão de indicação de produtos e serviços.
O público e o privado: transformações da Magna Divisio jurídica na sociedade da informação
Authors: Machado Ronny Max , Barreto Osmar Fernando Gonçalves , Cunha Paulo Ferreira  da
Published: April 2019

Compreender as ramificações do Direito é entender como suas esferas atuam na vida de cada ser humano. O processo de divisão destes ramos ao longo do tempo foi paulatino: num primeiro momento, era uma divisão que enfatizava a existência de um espaço público de proteção e outro que visava a regulação da vida privada. Os inevitáveis movimentos da história fizeram com que as primeiras classificações fossem objeto de uma reflexão e ganhassem novas interpretações segundo as necessidades de cada um desses períodos. Um dos eixos de leitura hodiernos é o da sociedade da informação, que introduz na compreensão humana a relevância da informação para o progresso social. As transformações na dicotomia entre o Público e o Privado decorrem dos reflexos do papel da informação nas Sociedades. As concepções entre os espaços mudaram à medida que se compreende as interfaces que existem entre o espaço público e o particular. O presente artigo pretende refletir acerca de algumas questões que envolvem os impactos da sociedade da informação no Direito, muito em especial as mudanças sofridas na concepção de público e privado decorrentes destes impactos. Procurando alertar para alguns problemas que parecem sofismados pelo otimismo imperante resultante das novidades, e discernir alguns tipos alternativos e conflitantes de privatismo e publicismo num tempo de confusão de paradigmas.
Ghrelin Physiology and Pathophysiology: Focus on the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Gruzdeva O. V. , Borodkina D. A. , Belik E. V. , Akbasheva O. E. , Palicheva E. I. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: April 2019

Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone, mainly synthesized by P / D1 cells of the stomach fundus mucosa. Its basic effect, which is realized via GHS-R1 α receptor in the arcuate and the ventromedial nucleuses of hypothalamus, is stimulation of the synthesis of pituitary hormones. Ghrelin is involved in control of appetite and energy balance, regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as modulation of functioning of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary and immune systems. It was found that cardiomyocytes are able to synthesize ghrelin. High concentrations of GHS-R1α in the heart and major blood vessels evidence for its possible participation in functioning of cardiovascular system. Ghrelin inhibits apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, and improves the functioning of the left ventricle (LV) after injury of ischemia-reperfusion mechanism. In rats with heart failure (HF) ghrelin improves LV function and attenuates development of cardiac cachexia. In addition, ghrelin exerts vasodilatory effects in humans, improves cardiac function and reduces peripheral vascular resistance in patients with chronic HF. The review contains of the predictive value of ghrelin in the development and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Progress and Problems of Practical Cardiology in Russia at the Present Stage
Authors: Boytsov S. A. , Demkina A. E. , Oshchepkova E. V. , Dolgusheva Yu. A.
Published: April 2019

Mortality of the population due to diseases of the cardiovascular system is the most acute problem in Russia. According to the World Health Organization, the standardized death rate from cardiovascular diseases in the Russian Federation remains one of the highest in Europe. This review presents statistical data on morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the Russian Federation and analyzes the delivery of medical care to patients with these diseases in 2017. Information about activity of primary vascular departments and regional vascular centers is given. The article suggests a set of measures aimed at improvement of the provision of medical care to patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and blood glucose levels on the results of treatment of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Bessonov I. S. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Ziryanov I. P. , Sapozhnikov S. S. , Potolinskaya Yu. V.
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) and glucose levels on the results of treatment of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). Materials and methods. Data were collected from all patients (n=1280) with STEMI who were admitted to the coronary care unit and underwent PCIs from 2006 to 2015. 212 (16.6%) patients with DM were compared with 1068 (83.4%) patients without DM (non-DM group). To investigate the influence of the blood glucose levels, all patients were divided into two groups above and below the median of blood glycemia (7.52 mmol/l). Results. Thus, 634 patients with high level of blood glycemia (>7.52 mmol/l) were compared with 635 patients with low level of blood glycemia (≤7.52 mmol/l). In comparing of DM and non-DM groups there were no differences in the rate of death (5.2% vs 4.2%, р=0.526), stent thrombosis (1.4% vs 1.0%, р=0.622), recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) (1.4% vs 1.2%, р=0.813) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (7.5% vs 5.4%, р=0.228), which included in-hospital death, recurrent MI and stent thrombosis. The rates of angiographic success (92.9% vs 93.8%, р=0.625) and no-reflow (6.6% vs 5%, р=0.327) also were comparable between groups. The rates of death (6.3% vs 2.5%, р=0.001), MACEs (7.6% vs 4.1%, р=0.008), and no-reflow (6.9% vs 3.6%, р=0,009) were significantly higher in patients with high level of blood glycemia (>7.52 mmol/l). Angiographic success rate (95.1% vs 92.1%, р=0.029) was higher in patients with low level of glycemia (≤7.52 mmol/l). After multivariate adjustment, high level of blood glycemia (>7.52 mmol/l) remained an independent predictor of death (OR=2.28; 95% CI 1.18-4.40, р=0.014), MACE (OR=2.08; 95% CI 1.16-3.75, р=0.014) and no-reflow (OR=2.07; 95% CI 1.15-3.74, р=0.015). At the same time DM wasn’t associated with death, MACE or no-reflow. Conclusion. High level of blood glycemia was an independent predictor of death, MACE and no-reflow in patients with STEMI, undergoing PCI. The presence of DM was not associated with worse in-hospital outcomes.