bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capturing Fingerprint Expertise With Protocol Analysis
Authors: Corbett Brooklyn J. , Tangen Jason M.
Published: November 2024

In this study, we used think‐aloud protocols to compare how 44 fingerprint examiners and 44 novices analysed prints. Through this qualitative approach, we discovered several notable differences. Experts focused on local ridge characteristics and minute details of each print, while novices concentrated more on global features. Additionally, experts demonstrated adaptability in dynamically planning their systematic approach and integrated specialised knowledge of causal factors affecting prints. In contrast, the novices relied more on general intuition. Furthermore, experts consistently displayed critical thinking and metacognition, carefully weighing the reliability of each identifying feature before making conclusions. However, there was variation in the precise evaluation approaches and conclusion thresholds among experts. Overall, these findings reveal the substantial complexity, adaptability and domain knowledge enhancing expert performance in fingerprint analysis. We discuss implications including balancing training of intuitive and analytical reasoning, implementing more detailed documentation, incorporating falsification practices and driving statistical advancements to strengthen evidence evaluation.
Band Structure and Spin‐State‐Induced Electronic Configuration Regulation for Efficient Sulfur Redox Reaction
Authors: Zhou Fei , Gong Zhiqi , Wang Renheng , Guo Mengran , Zeng Rong , Li Yun , Xiao Zhe , Qie Long , Liu Jianwen
Published: November 2024

Deciphering the relationship between electron configuration and catalytic activity is crucial for designing electrocatalysts that improve the efficient conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). In this study, amorphous ZnAl2O4 (referred to as A‐ZnAl2O4) is designed with a high oxygen vacancy concentration. Experimental and theoretical analysis confirm that the Zn tetrahedral sites are sufficiently exposed, and the catalytic activity is significantly enhanced due to a narrow bandgap and a high spin state achieved through low coordination numbers and a disordered structure. Both the enhancement in electron transfer efficiency and reduction in reaction energy barriers accelerate the multi‐phase transformation of LiPSs, resulting in impressive electrochemical performance with a capacity retention rate of 93.9% after 800 cycles at a high current density of 4 C. And the pouch battery with high sulfur loading of 4.5 mg cm−2 and lean electrolyte at 8 µL mg−1 exhibits high discharge capacity and stable cycling. This research deciphers the amorphization on modulating electronic structures to achieve enhanced electrocatalytic activity, providing a general strategy for designing unique atomic‐scale band structures and spin states in multifunctional electrocatalysts.
Sustainable Smart Packaging from Protein Nanofibrils
Authors: Peydayesh Mohammad , Kovacevic Alan , Hoffmann Leah , Donat Felix , Wobill Ciatta , Baraldi Laura , Zhou Jiangtao , Müller Christoph R. , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: November 2024

Smart packaging technologies are revolutionizing the food industry by extending shelf life and enhancing quality monitoring through environmental responsiveness. Here, a novel smart packaging concept is presented, based on amyloid fibrils (AM) and red radish anthocyanins (RRA), to effectively monitor food spoilage by color change. A protein nanofibrils biofilm is developed from whey protein, which is functionalized with RRA to endow the resulting films with advanced monitoring capabilities. A comprehensive characterization, including pH responsiveness, water vapor permeability, thermal and mechanical testing, and colorimetric responses, demonstrates the superiority of AM/RRA films compared to control films based on whey monomer building blocks. The findings indicate that the AM/RRA films can effectively monitor, for example, shrimp freshness, showing visible changes within one day at room temperature and significant alterations in color after two days. Furthermore, these films exhibit high antibacterial and antioxidant activities, reinforcing their suitability for efficient food packaging. By integrating bio‐based materials from whey and natural anthocyanins, this research presents a biodegradable, sustainable, and cost‐effective smart packaging solution, contributing to eco‐friendly innovations in food preservation.
Flexible Luminescent Fibers Based on Novel Antimony Halides Toward Advanced Anti‐Counterfeiting and Information Encryption
Authors: Zhou Tianrui , Wang Yunluo , Zhou Lin , Wu Jianghua , Pan Zesheng , Sun Futing , Gu Hao , Liu Ruifeng , Ye Tingting , Hou Jingshan , Fang Yongzheng , Liu Jixuan , Liu Bin , Wang Minghui , Chen Haijie , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan
Published: November 2024

Integrating and patterning metal halides into fibers extends their applications toward novel flexible and wearable optoelectronics, where the current relevant studies still focus on the toxic Pb halides. The Sb halides have the intrinsic merits of high stability and environmental friendliness yet remain an inclusive challenge in exploration to progress. Here, based on an idea of the selection of organic cations with large rigid and electron donor characteristics to optimize the lattice distortion and electronic environment of Sb halides, a series of novel Sb halides with different Sb‐X polyhedral configurations (seesaw dimers, square‐pyramidal, and octahedrons) are successfully obtained, achieving a maximal photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 99.3%. Due to the high solution compatibility of the as‐synthesized Sb halides, they are further assembled into solution‐processable inks, which are later processed into stable luminescent fibers by the electrospinning and facile direct ink writing (DIW) in 3D printing, respectively. The luminescent fibers are successfully used for advanced anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption. This work has developed a predictable design strategy for unknown Sb halides with efficient emissions and extended the Sb halides toward the applications in flexible optoelectronics fields.
A Multi‐Resonant Tunable Fabry‐Pérot Cavity for High Throughput Spectral Imaging
Authors: Wu Xiao , Lin Zijian , Tang Shige , Chen Xiao , Guo Tingbiao , He Sailing
Published: November 2024

Spectral imaging technology has gained widespread application across diverse fields due to its ability to capture spatial and spectral information simultaneously. However, conventional spectral scanning methods using single‐peak tunable filters face the challenges of low optical throughput. Inspired by Fellgett's advantage in Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, this paper proposes a tunable filter with multiple resonances to improve optical throughput. It is composed of a simple Fabry‐Pérot cavity filled with liquid crystal. An artificial neural network is employed to match with the filter for spectrum reconstruction. Experimental results show a spectral resolution of 10 nm and a switching time of ≈23 ms between adjacent states. As a demonstration, biological specimens are spectrally imaged under different light conditions with good fidelity. The results suggest that the filter possesses over six times higher optical throughput than a commercial liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF), leading to better spectrum accuracy for spectral imaging under low‐light conditions. The compact and cost‐effective design of this tunable filter enables seamless integration into imaging systems, presenting promising prospects for practical applications such as portable health management and food inspection in low‐light conditions.
Exploration of barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) accessions for yield and yield components from diverse agro‐ecological zones of Ethiopia
Authors: Habtegebriel Mesfin Hailemariam , Feyissa Tileye , Alemu Tesfahun , Melkie Yemserach
Published: November 2024

Knowing the accession's qualitative and quantitative genetic variability is the prerequisite for the trait's improvement for any barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) improvement programs. This study aimed to investigate the agronomic and yield trait performance. The field experiment was conducted in Gumer for the years 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 using the augmented block design with the data of 319 barley genotypes, including nine check entries and using eight blocks in rain‐fed conditions. A total of 23 both qualitative and quantitative traits were measured. The chi‐square test analysis showed significant genotypic variation for all qualitative traits. The significant differences (p < 0.001) in all the quantitative traits except for plant height, spike length, and harvest index. There was sizeable quantitative variation among the genotypes indicating the need to exploit a high degree of genetic variation through selection. The first four principal component analyses accounted for 64.82% of the total variation and the cluster analysis discriminated the barley into four discrete clusters. The correlation coefficient indicated significant differences among the correlations of the 10 quantitative traits. Furthermore, G6, G214, and G255 for earliness and G182, G126, and G44 for grain yield. Both qualitative and quantitative traits made it possible to locate potential new sources of genetic variation. Certain barley was thought to be possible sources of various agronomic traits, such as drought tolerance. The characterized Ethiopian landraces can be used to improve barley resilience against climate change and associated conditions and are recommended in breeding programs to improve productivity under different breeding objectives.
Quality of Life in Short Stature Children With Skeletal Dysplasia: A Cross Sectional Study Using the Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth Questionnaire
Authors: Kamiya Yasunari , Matsushita Masaki , Mishima Kenichi , Sawamura Kenta , Kitoh Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

Patients with skeletal dysplasia, including achondroplasia (ACH) and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), exhibit a variety of short stature, which affect various aspects of their quality of life (QoL). The QoL of adult patients with skeletal dysplasia have been reported; however, research on QoL in children remains limited. The QoL in Short Stature Youth (QoLISSY) is a QoL survey tool developed specifically for short stature children and adolescent. We assessed the QoLISSY scores in children with various skeletal dysplasias presenting with short stature and compared the scores among ACH, OI, and other dysplasias. Forty and 72 questionnaires were sent to the children with various skeletal dysplasias and their parents, respectively, and 24 and 54 valid questionnaires, respectively, were collected. There were no significant differences in age, sex, or height between the patients with ACH, OI, and other skeletal dysplasias. Parents' social, emotional, and total QoL scores were significantly lower in the ACH group than in the OI group. A sub‐analysis revealed that the height standard deviation score did not correlate with the QoLISSY scores in all groups except for the belief score of OI parents.
Biological validation of peak‐width of skeletonized mean diffusivity as a VCID biomarker: The MarkVCID Consortium
Authors: Luckey Alison M. , Ghosh Saptaparni , Wang Chen‐Pin , Beiser Alexa , Bernal Rebecca , Li Zhiguang , Mbangdadji Djass , Fadaee Elyas , Snoussi Haykel , Dediós Angel Gabriel Velarde , Trevino Hector A. , Goss Monica , Hillmer Laura J. , Bauer Christopher E. , Staffaroni Adam M. , Stables Lara , Albert Marilyn , Himali Jayandra J. , Mosley Thomas H. , Forsberg Lars , Guðnason Vilmundur , Singh Baljeet , Singh Herpreet , Schwab Kristin , Kramer Joel H. , Rosenberg Gary A. , Helmer Karl G. , Greenberg Steven M. , Habes Mohamad , Wang Danny J. J. , Gold Brian T. , Lu Hanzhang , Caprihan Arvind , Fornage Myriam , Launer Lenore J. , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Seshadri Sudha , DeCarli Charles , Maillard Pauline , Satizabal Claudia L.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Peak‐width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), a neuroimaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), has shown excellent instrumental properties. Here, we extend our work to perform a biological validation of PSMD.

METHODS

We included 396 participants from the Biomarkers for Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (MarkVCID‐1) Consortium and three replication samples (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology = 6172, Rush University Medical Center = 287, University of California Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center = 567). PSMD was derived from diffusion tensor imaging using an automated algorithm. We related PSMD to a composite measure of general cognitive function using linear regression models adjusting for confounders.

RESULTS

Higher PSMD was associated with lower general cognition in MarkVCID‐1 independent of age, sex, education, and intracranial volume (Beta [95% confidence interval], −0.8 [−1.2, −0.4], P < 0.001). These findings were replicated in independent samples. Furthermore, PSMD explained cognitive status above and beyond white matter hyperintensities.

DISCUSSION

Our biological validation work supports the pursuit of larger clinical validation studies evaluating PSMD as a susceptibility/risk biomarker of small vessel disease contributing to cognitive impairment and dementia.

Highlights

Peak‐width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) is a novel small vessel disease neuroimaging biomarker.

A prior instrumental validation study demonstrated that PSMD is a robust biomarker.

This biological validation study shows that high PSMD relates to worse cognition.

PSMD explains cognitive function above and beyond white matter hyperintensities.

Future clinical validation will assess PSMD as a vascular contribution to cognitive impairment and dementia biomarker in clinical trials.
Hydrogen Gas Sensing Performance of Iron Oxide‐Decorated Carbon Nanotubes: The Influence of Iron Oxide Species and Concentration
Authors: Cardoso Eliton Ricardo , Tverdokhleb Nina , Eising Marcelo , da Silva Ederson Esteves , Domingues Sergio Humberto , Martins Alessandro Francisco , Kipper Matt J. , Roman Lucimara Stolz , Huang Shirong , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , La Porta Felipe de Almeida , Cava Carlos Eduardo
Published: November 2024

In this study, a solvothermal method was used to synthesize a composite of iron oxide nanostructures on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which was applied as a resistive sensor for hydrogen gas (H2) detection. The nanocomposite was produced with three different iron oxide concentrations (Fe1@CNT, Fe2@CNT, and Fe3@CNT) to investigate the effect of iron species on CNTs and their interaction with hydrogen. Electron microscopy revealed that increasing iron oxide content led to the deterioration of the CNT walls. Raman and FTIR spectra confirmed the predominant presence of α‐Fe2O3 (hematite) on the CNTs, while XPS analysis verified the presence of multiple iron oxides species. High‐resolution XPS of the Fe 2p region indicated the existence of Fe3O4 (magnetite), Fe2O3 (hematite), and FeO (iron(II) oxide) associated with the CNTs. The sample with the lowest iron oxide concentration (Fe1@CNT) showed a 45% sensor response to hydrogen in a dry air atmosphere and the longest recovery time, suggesting a stronger interaction between hydrogen and the nanocomposite. Molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations further revealed that the presence of iron oxide on the CNT surface significantly altered its electronic properties, particularly by introducing more electronic states near the Fermi level, which enhanced electronic exchange between H2 and the carbon nanotube containing iron oxide.
Modulation of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Parmotrema reticulatum Derived Dioxepine Derivative and Benzoic Methyl Ester in Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritis
Authors: Khader Syed Zameer Ahmed , Syed Zameer Ahmed Sidhra , SyedAmeen Syed Tajudeen , Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
Published: November 2024

The present investigation aims to study the therapeutic effect and to identify the lead molecules from lichen Parmotrema reticulatum (Pr) that can solve the complications associated with arthritis. Purification of Pr extract led to isolation of two lead molecules i.e. Compound A (a Dioxepine derivative) as 3‐Hydroxy‐9‐hydroxymethyl‐1,8‐dimethyl‐11‐oxo‐11H‐dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepine‐4,7 dicarboxylic acid 7‐methyl ester with molecular formula C19H16O9; molecular weight 388.34. Compound B as 3‐Hydroxy‐5‐methoxy‐4‐methyl‐benzoic acid (a Benzoic methyl ester) with molecular formula C9H10O4; molecular weight 182.2. In‐silico investigation specific for inflammation revealed good binding affinity of both the compounds with the targeted proteins. Further continuous administration of Pr and novel compounds A and B to CFA (Freund's complete adjuvant) induced arthritis rat revealed a reduction in arthritis complications possibly by inhibiting the formation of edema. The variations in relative body weight along with paw swelling and arthritic scores were identified. Inhibition of expressions of RA markers like RF, CRP, TNF‐𝛼, IL‐1𝛽, IL‐6, ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH was observed thereby inhibiting inflammation of the synovial cavity and cartilage damage effectively. Hence from our results, it is evident that Pr, Compound A and B has downregulated the inflammatory cytokines and can be a potential candidate to treat arthritis.
Subdural Empyema in a 13‐Year‐Old Male With History of Head Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: Budha Bishal , Subedi Sachet , Sedhai Samir , Pandey Uday , Khadka Aarju , Thapa Sujata , Yadav Arjun , Soti Nishchal , Sedain Gopal
Published: November 2024

Subdural empyema is rare but serious intracranial infection characterized by accumulation of pus between dura mater and arachnoid layer. The spread of infection is typically originating from sinusitis, otitis media, or osteomyelitis. Early diagnosis by radiological imaging and prompt treatment, either by surgical intervention or by broad spectrum antibiotics are crucial to prevent life threatening complications. Here, we present a case of subdural empyema in a 13‐year‐old male managed by surgical drainage and intravenous antibiotics.
Workflow to Select Functional Promoter DNA Baits and Screen Arrayed Gene Libraries in Yeast
Authors: Fañanás‐Pueyo Iris , Anhel Ana‐Mariya , Goñi‐Moreno Ángel , Oñate‐Sánchez Luis , Carrera‐Castaño Gerardo
Published: November 2024

The yeast one‐hybrid system (Y1H) is used extensively to identify DNA–protein interactions. The generation of large collections of open reading frames (ORFs) to be used as prey in screenings is not a bottleneck nowadays and can be carried out in‐house or offered as a service by companies. However, the straightforward use of full gene promoters as baits to identify interacting proteins undermines the accuracy and sensitivity of the assay, especially in the case of multicellular eukaryotes. Therefore, it is paramount to implement procedures for efficient identification of suitable promoter fragments compatible with the Y1H assay. Here, we describe a workflow to identify biologically relevant conserved promoter fragments of Arabidopsis thaliana through simple and robust phylogenetic analyses. Additionally, we describe a manual method and its automated robotized version for rapid and efficient high‐throughput Y1H screenings of arrayed ORF libraries with the identified DNA fragments. Moreover, this method can be scaled up or down and used for yeast two‐hybrid screenings to search for possible interactors of proteins identified by the Y1H approach or any other protein of interest, altogether underscoring its suitability to build gene regulatory networks. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Selection of DNA baits for Y1H screenings

Basic Protocol 2: Y1H screenings with arrayed gene libraries

Alternate Protocol: Automated screening with a liquid‐handling robot
Efficient Alkaline Freshwater/Seawater Hydrogen Production via Heterogeneous N‐Doped FeMoO4/Mo2N Rod‐Shaped Electrocatalysts
Authors: He Yanxiang , Tu Meilian , Gan Weijiang , Zhu Zhixiao , Mushtaq Muhammad , Al‐Mamun Mohammad , Deng Jianqiu , Yang Hao , Wang Zhongmin , Balogun M.‐Sadeeq
Published: November 2024

Durable and efficient Fe‐based electrocatalysts in alkaline freshwater/seawater electrolysis is highly desirable but persists a significant challenge. Herein, we report a durable and robust heterogenous nitrogen‐doped FeMoO4/Mo2N rod‐shaped catalyst on nickel foam (denoted NF@FMO/MN) affording hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) low overpotentials of 23/29 mV@10 mA cm−2 and 112/159 mV@100 mA cm−2 in both alkaline freshwater/seawater electrolytes, respectively. These results are significantly superior to the pristine FeMoO4 catalyst. Theoretical calculations consistently reveals that the combination of N‐FeMoO4 and Mo2N effectively reduces water activation energy barrier, modulates the sluggish water‐dissociation kinetics and accelerates the hydrogen adsorption process for efficient HER. The enhanced HER performance of the as‐designed NF@FMO/MN catalyst is attributed to the in situ hetero‐interfacial engineering between N‐doped FeMoO4 and Mo2N. This present work nurtures the progress of FeMo‐based electrocatalysts in alkaline freshwater/seawater electrolysis.
Engineering Delocalized Polarizations in Metal Oxide Electrodes with Conducting Polymers for Efficient and Durable Water‐Splitting
Authors: Oh Hyunji , Park Ji-Woo , Choi Jiyeoung , Ju Young-Wan , Kim Changmin , Shin Jeeyoung
Published: November 2024

Oxygen evolution reaction is a pivotal anodic reaction for electrolysis, however, it remains the obstacle from its sluggish reaction kinetics originating from multiple electron transfer pathways at electrochemical interfaces. Especially, it remains a challenge to achieve stable operation at elevated current densities as electrodes suffer oxidative environment in corrosive conditions. Herein, we report that the conducting polymer polypyrrole electrodeposited Pr0.7Sr0.3CoO3 perovskite oxides for durable oxygen evolution electrodes. We found that the conducting polymer electrodeposited oxides exhibited a highly durable electrochemical oxygen evolution performance maintaining >99% of initial activities during the accelerated durability test. Meanwhile, bare metal oxides presented significant performance drops (<6% of initial activities) over the consecutive 20,000 accelerated durability test. High‐resolution transmission electron microscope images identified the maintenance of high crystallinity of the heterostructure, suggesting that the electrodeposited pPy clusters can effectively delocalize highly polarized electrodes preventing material corrosion. The overall water electrolysis experiments further demonstrated that the heterostructure showed excellent stability at the high current density of 100 mA cm−2 over 700 hours. This marks the first report of the delocalized polarization benefiting from conducting polymers for durable oxygen evolution for perovskite oxides, suggesting great potential for scalable water electrolysis.
Using Bomb Calorimetry to Investigate Intestinal Energy Harvest in Anorexia Nervosa: Preliminary Findings on Stool Calorie Loss
Authors: Reed Kylie K. , Bulik‐Sullivan Emily C. , Qian Yunzhi , Javorsky Ella , Tarantino Lisa M. , Fodor Anthony A. , Steffen Kristine J. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Mehler Philip S. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Carroll Ian M.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Renourishment and weight restoration are critical first steps in anorexia nervosa (AN) treatment. The ability of the gastrointestinal tract to harvest and utilize energy from food is essential for successful weight restoration, but the functional capacity of the intestine after prolonged caloric restriction remains unknown. In an exploratory study, we quantified the stool energy content of individuals with AN before and after renourishment.

Method

We used archived stool samples from a multisite cohort (NCT03119272) of 103 individuals with AN at admission and discharge from inpatient renourishment and 122 sex‐matched non‐eating disorder controls (non‐ED). To determine whether bomb calorimetry may have utility in AN, we measured stool calorie loss as the number of kilocalories per gram of stool. Analyses included ANOVA, paired/unpaired t‐tests, and Spearman rank correlations for associations between stool energy and clinical variables.

Results

Following 25.10 ± 19.73 days of renourishment, patients gained an average of 5.67 ± 4.27 kg. Raw stool energy at discharge (AN‐DIS: 5.72 ± 0.86 kcal/g) was significantly higher than admission (AN‐AD: 5.41 ± 0.86 kcal/g; p < 0.01). Weight and BMI at admission and discharge were negatively correlated with raw stool energy at discharge.

Discussion

Energy content in stool increases after inpatient refeeding, likely due to increased calorie consumption. Findings should be interpreted cautiously due to methodological limitations in this post hoc study design. Future studies should use a priori, gold‐standard protocols to investigate stool calorie loss in AN, as prolonged restriction in AN may disrupt the gut and impede energy harvest.

Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03119272
Soft Actor‐Critic Request Redirection for Quality Control in Green Multimedia Content Distribution
Authors: Goudarzi Pejman , Lloret Jaime
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, network resource limitations which are resulted from the increasing interest of greedy users for streaming video services, lead the network operators to use multimedia content distribution/delivery network (CDN) for distribution of user requests to the network edges and hence optimally use their resources. Due to the stochastic and uncertain nature of user request distributions and green energy suppliers (wind, solar, etc.), developing an optimal request redirection methodology that takes into account both maximizing total users' quality of experience (QoE) and energy cost minimization is a challenging issue. In this paper, a model‐free soft actor‐critic reinforcement learning algorithm has been developed for QoE enhancement of smart grid‐enabled (green) content distribution networks. Contrary to the traditional CDNs, the achieved optimal request redirection policy, while maximizing the total QoE of the system, may redirect the users of a regional CDN point of presence to other (non‐regional) PoPs due to real‐time energy management mechanism associated with energy cost optimization constraints. We have performed extensive simulations on real electricity pricing data for validating the effectiveness of the proposed method and have compared it with similar approaches. The experimental results show that the proposed intelligent request routing method while preserving the same order of computational complexity, can achieve the energy cost savings up to 65% and improve the average total QoE of CDN users in comparison with similar methods.
Influence of Composite Edible Coating of Pectin, Glycerol, and Oregano Essential Oil on Postharvest Deterioration of Mango Fruit
Authors: Sanchez‐Tamayo Martha , Plaza‐Dorado José Luis , Ochoa‐Martínez Claudia
Published: November 2024

To control mango postharvest deterioration, an edible coating based on pectin, glycerol, and oregano essential oil (OEO) was developed using a three‐step process involving optimization, validation, and comparison with a commercial fungicide. An extreme vertices mixture design approach was initially used to optimize the pectin, glycerol, and OEO concentrations in the coating formulation. We evaluated the impact of the coating components on the respiration rate, quality parameters, and anthracnose disease of mangoes. The optimal coating composition was 3.91% (w/v) pectin, 0.57% (w/v) glycerol, and 0.52% (w/v) OEO, with a desirability value of 0.8998. Model validation demonstrated that the measured values for all parameters fit the prediction interval of 95%, and the relative error varied between 0.88% and 12.28%. Validation experiments of the optimal coating compared to untreated mango and mango treated with a commercial fungicide showed that the optimal coating delayed ripening and effectively controlled the incidence of anthracnose for 18 days at 14°C and 85% relative humidity.
Radical C4−H Arylation of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines with Cyanoarenes
Authors: Guo Huaixuan , Qiu Shiqin , Xu Peng
Published: November 2024

4‐Aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines are prevalent pharmacophores and versatile building blocks in medicinal and synthetic chemistry. Herein, we demonstrated a mechanistically distinct radical‐radical cross‐coupling approach to 4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines, via direct C4−H arylation of 1,4‐dihydropyridines with readily available cyanoarenes. This mild protocol is initiated by the direct photoexcitation of 1,4‐dihydropyridines, eliminating the need for expensive photocatalysts and enabling operation under ambient air conditions.
Mendelian randomization study investigating the relationship between nutrients and polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Guo Jiawen , Zhang Ning
Published: November 2024

Objective

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects many women and is linked to nutrient intake, but the causal role of nutrients is unclear. Our study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore this relationship.

Methods

We employed two‐sample MR to investigate the causal effects of four macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, sugars, proteins) and 12 micronutrients (vitamin A [retinol], folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C [ascorbic acid], vitamin D, vitamin E [alpha‐tocopherol], magnesium, calcium, iron, selenium, and zinc) on the risk of PCOS based on their circulating levels. We conducted analyses using the inverse variance‐weighted method (IVW), MR‐Egger regression, weighted median method, and simple model approach, with IVW as the primary method. To correct for multiple testing, the false discovery rate (FDR) method was applied. The reliability and potential bias of the results were assessed by sensitivity analysis and F‐statistics.

Results

From a genetic standpoint, higher circulating vitamin A (retinol) levels were found to be a protective factor for PCOS and closely associated with the risk of PCOS, consistent with recent research findings. The inverse variance‐weighted (IVW) estimation indicated a protective effect of vitamin A (retinol) on PCOS (IVWOR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99, P = 0.002, FDR_P = 0.03). However, no causal relationship was found between other nutrients and PCOS. In addition, MR‐PRESSO and MR‐Egger regression showed that our results were not affected by horizontal pleiotropy (P > 0.05). Finally, leave‐one‐out sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of MR Results.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that circulating vitamin A (retinol) levels influence the risk of PCOS, but further research is needed.
Tibial Baseplate Microstructure Governs High Cycle Fatigue Fracture In Vivo
Authors: Kurtz Michael A. , Gilbert Jeremy L. , Spece Hannah , Klein Gregg R. , Cates Harold E. , Kurtz Steven M.
Published: November 2024

Previous studies report rare occurrences of tibial baseplate fractures following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, at a microstructural scale, it remains unclear how fatigue models developed in vitro apply to fractures in vivo. In this study, we asked: (1) do any clinical factors differentiate fracture patients from a broader revision sample; and (2) in vivo, how does microstructure influence fatigue crack propagation? We identified three fractured tibial baseplates from an institutional review board exempt implant retrieval program. Then, for comparison, we collated clinical data from the same database for n = 2120 revision TKA patients with tibial trays. To identify mechanisms, we characterized fracture features using scanning electron and digital optical microscopy. Additionally, we performed cross sectional analysis using focused ion beam milling. The fracture cohort consisted of moderately to very active patients with increased implantation time (15.6 years) compared to the larger revision patient sample (5.1 years, p = 0.009). We did not find a significant difference in patient weight between the two groups (p = 0.98). Macroscopic fracture features aligned well with both previous retrieval analysis and in vitro baseplate fatigue tests. On a micron scale, we identified striations on each baseplate, demonstrating fatigue as the fracture mechanism. In vivo fatigue fracture processes depended on both the alloy (Ti‐6Al‐4V vs. CoCrMo) and the microstructure of the alloy formed during manufacturing. For Ti‐6Al‐4V, the presence of equiaxed or acicular microstructure influenced the fatigue crack propagation, the latter arising from large prior β grains and a Widmanstatten microstructure, degrading fatigue strength. CoCrMo alloy fatigue cracks propagated linearly, crystallographically influenced by planar slip. However, we did not document any features of overload or fast fracture, suggesting a high cycle, low stress fatigue regime. Ultimately, the crack profiles we present here may provide insight into fatigue fractures of modern tibial baseplates.
Results of the ACTION‐Galactosemia Kids Study to Evaluate the Effects of Govorestat in Pediatric Patients with Classic Galactosemia
Authors: Bailey Evan , Phan Han , Ahmad Ayesha , Thomas Janet , Ames Elizabeth G. , Pritchard Amanda B. , Quinonez Shane C. , Wang Stella , Dayley Caleb , Salt Andrew , Pick Christina , Durrant Abe , Johnson Samuel , Nicodemus‐Johnson Jessie , Dickson Samuel P. , Perfetti Riccardo , Hendrix Suzanne B. , Shendelman Shoshana
Published: November 2024

To evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects and clinical outcomes of orally administered once‐daily govorestat (AT‐007), a central nervous system penetrant aldose reductase inhibitor, the double‐blind placebo‐controlled ACTION‐Galactosemia Kids study (NCT04902781) randomly assigned 47 participants (2–17 years old) with Classic Galactosemia to 18 months of govorestat or placebo (2:1) treatment. Mean change in galactitol was compared between the treatment groups at each post‐baseline timepoint using a t‐test, with a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis as a sensitivity analysis. Changes from baseline in clinical outcomes were compared between treatment groups also using a t‐test with two different MMRM models as sensitivity models, one including baseline clinical outcome score. The pharmacodynamic effect of govorestat was assessed by correlating galactitol level at 3 months with change from baseline in clinical measures at 18 months using a Pearson correlation. Govorestat treatment resulted in a rapid and sustained reduction in plasma galactitol. Govorestat treatment stabilized or improved clinical measures of behavior, daily living skills, adaptive skills, cognition, tremor, and fine motor skills, which declined over time in the placebo group. Govorestat treatment did not demonstrate a benefit compared with placebo on speech outcomes or gross motor skills, which improved in both treatment groups over 18 months. Govorestat was safe and well tolerated, with adverse events well balanced between the active and placebo groups. Aldose reductase inhibition with govorestat represents a potential opportunity to lower galactitol and improve clinical outcomes in children with Classic Galactosemia.
Impact of resistance training and chicken intake on vascular and muscle health in elderly women
Authors: Fujie Shumpei , Horii Naoki , Kajimoto Hiroki , Yamazaki Henry , Inoue Kenichiro , Iemitsu Keiko , Uchida Masataka , Arimitsu Takuma , Shinohara Yasushi , Sanada Kiyoshi , Miyachi Motohiko , Iemitsu Motoyuki
Published: November 2024

Background

Resistance training is a well‐known exercise therapy for preventing and improving lacks of muscle mass, strength, and quality with advances in age; however, its effects on arterial stiffness are not beneficial. Additionally, a higher intake of protein, which is an effective nutrient for muscle health, results in lower arterial stiffness. Whether the combination of moderate to high‐intensity resistance training and high‐protein intake would improve muscle mass, strength, and quality and cancel the resistance training‐induced increase in arterial stiffness in elderly women remains unclear.

Methods

Ninety‐three elderly women (67.2 ± 5.3 years) were randomly divided into four groups; sedentary control (CON), higher dietary animal protein intake (HP), resistance training (RT), and combination of RT and HP (RT + HP) groups. Participants in the RT and RT + HP groups completed 12 weeks of resistance training (exercise intensity at 70% of one‐repetition maximum (1‐RM), three sets with 10 repetitions of leg extension and curls, 3 days/week). In addition to the daily diet, the HP and RT + HP groups consumed steamed chicken breast as a high‐protein diet.

Results

Percent changes in thickness (indices of muscle mass) and echo intensity (index of muscle quality) in the quadriceps muscle, 1‐RM of leg extension and curls (index of muscle strength), and circulating C1q levels (a potential biomarker of muscle fibrosis) in the RT and RT + HP groups significantly improved after both RT and RT + HP interventions (P < 0.05). Percent changes in carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid β‐stiffness (indices of arterial stiffness), and circulating angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor peptide hormone) levels via each intervention were significantly higher in the RT group (4.9 ± 12.7%, 13.8 ± 13.5%, 94.9 ± 132.7%, respectively), as compared with the CON group (−2.5 ± 5.9%, 0.2 ± 8.1%, 21.2 ± 79.3%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Of note, no significant differences in the cfPWV, carotid β‐stiffness, and circulating angiotensin II levels between the RT + HP (−2.4 ± 9.3%, 2.4 ± 10.3%, −5.7 ± 29.6%, respectively) and CON groups were observed. Furthermore, significant positive relationships between the percent changes in circulating angiotensin II levels, and cfPWV (r = 0.438, P < 0.01) and carotid β‐stiffness (r = 0.328, P < 0.01) were observed.

Conclusions

The combination of moderate to high‐intensity resistance training and regular intake of steamed chicken breast as a high‐protein food could increase muscle mass, strength, and quality and could cancel resistance training‐induced increases in arterial stiffness in elderly women.
High retention among key populations initiated on HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis in Kigali City, Rwanda
Authors: Munyaneza Athanase , Bhutada Kiran , Shi Qiuhu , Zotova Natalia , Nsereko Etienne , Muhoza Benjamin , Kubwimana Gallican , Murenzi Gad , Nyirazinyoye Laetitia , Anastos Kathryn , Patel Viraj V. , Ross Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Key populations (KPs) including female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub‐Saharan Africa are disproportionately impacted by HIV. Despite the increasing availability of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), data on retention remain limited. This study assessed PrEP retention at 1 and 12 months among Rwandan FSWs and MSM.

Methods

We analysed routine clinical data on adult FSWs and MSM receiving PrEP care from 11 health facilities in Kigali, Rwanda between 2019 and 2022. Retention was defined as attendance at regularly scheduled appointments for a PrEP refill. We used logistic regression to assess associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and retention at 1 and 12 months.

Results

Among 2043 PrEP initiators, 1343 (66%) were FSWs and 700 (34%) were MSM. FSWs reported a median number of eight sexual partners in the prior 7 days, 70% reported condomless sex and 94% considered themselves at high HIV risk. About 1239 (92%) and 1032 (77%) were retained at 1 and 12 months, respectively. One‐month retention was lower among FSWs living with others (OR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35−0.99; ref: living alone) or with low HIV risk perception (OR 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04−0.29). At 12 months, low HIV risk perception remained statistically significant (aOR 0.20, 95% CI: 0.12−0.32). At PrEP initiation, MSM reported a median of four sexual partners in the prior 12 months, 88% reported condomless sex and 72% considered themselves at high HIV risk. Retention rates were 96% at 1 month and 82% at 12 months. At 1 month, retention was higher among MSM with some education (OR 12.74, 95% CI: 2.74−70.93; ref: no education). At 12 months, retention was lower among MSM with part‐time employment (aOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.76), students (aOR 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.37) and unemployed (aOR 0.12, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.28); ref: full‐employed) and those unaware of PrEP at baseline (aOR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.23).

Conclusions

We observed very high rates of PrEP retention among Rwandan FSWs and MSM. Predictors of retention included living situation, employment status, HIV risk perception and low PrEP awareness, but differed between FSWs and MSM. These findings suggest that targeted awareness campaigns tailored to different KPs could improve PrEP retention in care.
Enhanced Performance of Dual Material Double Gate Negative Capacitance Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (DMDG‐NC‐TFET) via HZO Ferroelectric Integration for Improved Drain Current and Subthreshold Swing
Authors: Blessy P. Hannah , Shenbagavalli A. , Arun Samuel T. S. , Pravin J. Charles
Published: November 2024

This paper developed the novel structure of a dual material double gate negative capacitance tunnel field effect transistor (DMDG‐NC‐TFET) using HZO ferroelectric material. This study systematically improved the drain current and subthreshold swing (SS) by inducing a negative capacitance effect in a gate stack. The proposed gate oxide structure is a stack configuration of ferroelectric material, and high‐k dielectric to improve gate control. The Landau–Khalatnikov (LK) equation is used to solve the Poisson equation and get an accurate estimate of the channel potential. Kane's model is used for band‐to‐band generation rate calculation. For modelling the drain current, the band‐to‐band tunnelling (Gbtbt) generation rate is integrated using the entire device volume. The impact of varying ferroelectric thickness in the proposed structure has been investigated with the simulated results. The outcomes demonstrate that the device can obtain better improvements in ON current and SS, compared to conventional DMDG‐TFET. By contrasting the analytical results with the outcomes of the TCAD simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been demonstrated.
Natural Products Produced by the Species of Bacillus cereus Group: Recent Updates
Authors: Azizoglu Ugur , Argentel‐Martínez Leandris , Peñuelas‐Rubio Ofelda , Herrera‐Sepúlveda Angélica , Ibal Jerald Conrad , Sharafi Reza , Salehi Jouzani Gholamreza , Ortiz Aurelio , Vaca Jessica , Sansinenea Estibaliz
Published: November 2024

Bacillus cereus group produces diverse antimicrobial compounds through different metabolic pathways, including amino acid‐based compounds, sugar derivatives, volatile and miscellaneous compounds. These antimicrobial compounds exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities against various plant pathogens, promoting plant growth and enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses. They also exhibit nematicidal activities against plant nematodes and antagonistic effects against pathogens in aquatic animals, promoting growth and inducing immune responses. Moreover, B. cereus group bacteria play a significant role in bioremediation by breaking down or neutralizing environmental pollutants, such as plastics, petroleum products, heavy metals, and insecticides. They produce enzymes like laccases, lipases, proteases, and various oxidases, contributing to the degradation of these pollutants. In the food industry, they can cause food poisoning due to their production of enterotoxins. However, they are also utilized in various industrial applications, such as producing environmentally friendly bio‐based materials, biofertilizers, and nanoparticles. Notably, B. cereus transforms selenite into selenium nanoparticles, which have health benefits, including cancer prevention. In summary, B. cereus group bacteria have diverse applications in agriculture, bioremediation, industry, and medicine, contributing to sustainable and eco‐friendly solutions across multiple fields. In this review, we have revised B. cereus group and the characteristics of every species; we have also highlighted the more important compounds secreted by the species of B. cereus group and the applications of these compounds. The aim is to explain the available secondary metabolites to classify the species from this group, increasing the knowledge about taxonomy of this group.
Interference fit of cementless tibial implants and the initial mechanical environment: A micro‐CT and DVC study
Authors: Wearne Lauren S. , Rapagna Sophie , Keene Greg , Taylor Mark , Perilli Egon
Published: November 2024

During cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA), an overlap between the resected tibia and the implant's geometry, termed interference fit, is introduced to facilitate primary stability and direct bone‐implant contact. However, little is known about the actual interference achieved and the resulting mechanical response in the surrounding cancellous bone. The aim of this study was (1) to experimentally quantify the actual interference achieved for a commercially available cementless tibial implant and (2) to assess its effect on the post‐impaction cancellous bone strain. Seven human cadaveric tibiae were micro‐CT scanned intact (23 µm/pixel), once prepared for TKA (46 µm/pixel) and following implantation (46 µm/pixel). The actual interference across the entire bone‐implant interface was quantified and, via digital volume correlation, the compressive strains of bone in contact with the implant and at increasing distance, were extracted. An inhomogeneous actual interference was found across the implant pegs and keel (median ± std dev: 0.70 ± 0.27 mm), which was lower than the intended. Limited interference (0.02 ± 0.12 mm) was found directly under the baseplate, with immediate bone‐baseplate contact of 54%. The induced compressive strains were related to the actual interference within 3.14 mm from the bone‐implant interface (R2 = 0.269–0.450, p < 0.001), with higher compressive strains corresponding to higher interference, but not being related to the bone volume fraction. Clinical Significance: Insight is provided into the interaction between the variability of the resection and the resulting mechanical environment. A complex relationship is apparent, whereby the actual interference accounted for up to 45% of the variation in induced compressive strain magnitude.
Whitepaper Quality and ICO Success: The Role of Textual and Visual Characteristics
Authors: Bussoli Candida , Fattobene Lucrezia , L'Abate Vitiana , Raimo Nicola , Vitolla Filippo
Published: November 2024

In recent years, Initial Coin Offering (ICO), a novel fundraising method, has gained popularity for financing innovative entrepreneurial projects. This alternative approach has piqued the interest of both practitioners and academics alike. However, studies conducted in this research area are limited. In particular, the role of disclosure quality and the characteristics of the whitepaper in ICO success is still little explored. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the effect of two components of the whitepaper: textual disclosure and visual disclosure. To this end, a logistic regression model was performed on a sample of 320 ICO projects. Empirical results demonstrate that the readability, positive sentiment, and number of pictures in the whitepaper have a positive influence on ICO success. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the length of the whitepaper and the presence of charts within this document have a negative effect. This study significantly enriches the literature on ICO success and offers important practical implications for ventures, individuals, and regulators aiming to launch or oversee ICO projects.