bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflicts and appropriation of spaces by 2030
Authors:   Avicenna Virtual Campus Network, Abdellaoui Abdelkader
Published: July 2023

With the communication highways, information begins, little by little, to escape from the traditional centers of political, military, business or even religious power. In society, which believes that it is gradually freeing itself from these powers, doubts are beginning to settle in, a number of questions arise, a new breed of commentators, YouTubers, interpreters and preachers in all fields appear of social life that try to draw you into their context, their culture or their fashion. Moreover, the globalization of exchanges, relations, means of "transportation", financial networks and marketing calls into question, implicitly and slyly, the concepts of State, Nation, Community, the very belonging of the 'Individual to a “group”, as part of a united Whole. The citizen is becoming more and more an individual connected to his telephone and isolated from the rest. But with the decrease in resources and the increase in constraints of all kinds, society is wondering about its future, its future, it’s very present, the malaise it is going through. She wonders about the modes of governance that are imposed on her, about the many problems she faces daily and the solutions that we cannot offer her. She looks elsewhere and compares, compares herself to other societies and begins to dream, to hope and, very quickly, to express her anger. The inequalities between North and South, between rich and poor as well as between technologically advanced countries and the others which are struggling to follow, are increasing inexorably and will lead to conflicts, famines and wars of a completely different nature: the war for land arable, the war for increasingly scarce water, the war for influence, the war for space conquest, the war for the appropriation of the seabed and polar lands. This article is based on the realization of a GIS; it attempts to ask relevant questions for future decades for which certain results lead us to question the relationships, inequalities and influences of each other. He will not answer all these questions; but he will have the advantage of having asked them.
Classical Interpretation of Quantum Mechanical Concepts
Authors:   Clymer, NY, USA, Oldani Richard Joseph
Published: July 2023

All of the mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics describe the interaction between radiation and atoms, but we show here that only Einstein has been able to establish a solid logical connection with classical theory. His methods are used to interpret the other mathematical models by requiring that observables be described in a physically-defined coordinate system and that there be strict adherence to the conservation of momentum. The properties of momentum exchange are included in a quantum oscillator, or clock, by replacing the non-relativistic Hamiltonian model with a relativistically correct Lagrangian model. Equal contributions are assigned to photon, electron, and nucleus; and field boundaries are defined that coincide with the electron shells. The fields of the particles superpose linearly, but otherwise their physical integrity is maintained throughout. The Lagrangian model accounts for the 720 degree rotation of a wave function as an initial 360 degree electromagnetic wave cycle (photon absorption) followed by a second wave cycle (photon emission), yielding two wave cycles to correspond with one complete electron cycle. The abstract space of quantum mechanics is replaced by a real classical space.
Vibrational Technologies Could Boost Cancer Moonshot Prospects
Authors:   Professor Emeritus and former Chairman, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA President, Six Sigma and Advanced Controls, Louisville, KY, USA, Deshpande Pradeep B.
Published: July 2023

The recent White House communication vowed to end cancer as we know it. The actualization of this desire will require many unspecified discoveries yet to be made. On the strength of examples, this article explains how discoveries can occur when the focus of attention is enhanced, and that mantra meditation is a tool with which to enhance the focus of attention. Mantras from the ancient Rig Veda and Yajurveda have been shown to have a positive influence on the brain, while another mantra, Aum Namo Bhagvate Vasudeva, is shown to have a positive influence on stress, energy and chakra alignment. Mantras produce sound and sound is vibrations, and therefore, vibrational technologies may play an important role in cancer cure. Mantra meditation in the hands of cancer researchers could lead to breakthrough discoveries that may led to the cure for many different types of cancer
Types of pharmaceuticals in homesteads in Eswatini: knowledge level of dangers of storage and disposal, and description of practices among home-dwellers in urban and rural settings
Authors:   Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eswatini, Eswatini, Sabelo V Dlamini , Welile Mndzebele ,   Harzadous Materials (HAZMAT), Matsapha, Eswatin, Hlope Londiwe D, ,   Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eswatini, Eswatini, SKS Masuku ,   Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eswatini, Eswatini, Nkambule Stanley J, ,   Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eswatini, Eswatini, Lukhele Lungile P ,   Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eswatini, Eswatini, Sihle Nxumalo ,   Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eswatini, Eswatini
Published: July 2023

The dramatic increase in chemical production and trade during the past three decades has raised both public and official concern about the potential risks posed by hazardous chemicals pesticides and medicines. With increased threat from HIV infection, many householders find themselves needing to access and keep a complex and diverse variety of pharmaceuticals. A cross-sectional, explorative and qualitative survey was carried out among 329 households involving in-depth interviews and observation to investigate types of pharmaceuticals found in rural, peri-urban and urban areas in Eswatini, the level of knowledge of householders and disposal practices of unused and expired pharmaceuticals. Eswatini does not have any laws that regulate the management of household pharmaceuticals. The results of the survey suggested that a majority of homesteads (85%) stored unused, often expired and left-over pharmaceuticals mainly for future use. The level of knowledge of risks associated with presence of pharmaceuticals was found to be very low among householders and that no programmes were initiated by the local health authority or the municipal councils to enhance the knowledge levels. Eighty-two different types of pharmaceuticals were identified including analgesics (38%), antibiotics (27%), supplements (21%) and others (14%). In urban areas, respondents reported that they disposed waste pharmaceuticals into the normal bins which are collected and disposed into landfills and dump sites while peri-urban and rural areas reported that they burn their pharmaceuticals in backyards. The findings in this study suggest the need for further research to determine availability of the variety of pharmaceuticals in surface, ground and drinking water around the country. Guidelines for management and safe disposal of pharmaceuticals need to be urgently developed and programmes to educate householders should be initiated in Eswatini.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN APLIKASI ANDROID INTERAKTIF BERBASIS PPT PADA MATERI TEKS PERSUASI KELAS VIII
Authors: Farahiba Ayyu Subhi , Roziqi Muhammad Mukhlis
Published: July 2023

This research was conducted to answer problems and provide solutions for schools based on the results of interviews and analysis of student needs. The purpose of this research is to produce a product and find out the feasibility of developing ppt-based interactive android application learning media on class VIII persuasive text material. This study uses a research and development approach or R&D (Research and Development) with data collection techniques, namely interviews and questionnaires. The test subjects involved 18 teachers/practitioners and class VIII students to assess the feasibility of learning media. The results of the material expert validation test were 95%, media experts were 97.5%, linguists were a percentage of 80%. The overall rating average is 90.8%, which is in the proper category to use. The results of the teacher's response questionnaire obtained a percentage of 97.5% and the student response questionnaire of 80.8% included in the appropriate category and could be used as a learning medium during the teaching and learning process in class
The association between blood heavy metals level and sex hormones among postmenopausal women in the US
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Cui Yugui , Liu Jiayin
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Environmental pollutants could be implicated in female endocrine setting Q6 beyond traditional factors. Until now, few study has focused on the association of environmental exposure to heavy metals with sex hormones in postmenopausal women. This study intended to investigate whether serum levels of heavy metals(i.e., Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn, Se) would influence sex hormones in postmenopausal women.

Methods and results

A cross-sectional study was performed on 614 nationally representative participants from 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the US. Multivariate linear regression models and restricted cubic spline plots revealed cadmium(Cd) had linear positive association with TT(β=3.25, 95%CI= 1.12, 5.38), bioavailable TT(β=1.78, 95%CI=0.36,3.21) and TT/E2(β=0.76, 95%CI=0.28,1.24), which was more apparent in natural menopausal and obese women. Lead(Pb) had linear positive association with SHBG(β=12.84, 95%CI= 6.77,18.91), which was apparent in nearly all subgroups except in normal BMI group, and TT/E2 (β=0.69, 95%CI 0.134,1.25), which was apparent in natural menopausal and normal BMI women. Manganese(Mn) had non-linear association with SHBG, which was more apparent in natural menopausal and obese women, and TT/E2, which was more apparent in natural menopausal and normal BMI women. Selenium(Se) had U shaped non-linear association with TT, which was more apparent in hysterectomy, overweight and obese women, and SHBG, which was apparent in nearly all subgroups except in normal BMI group.

Conclusion

In summary, this cross-sectional study indicates a possible role that various degree of environmental exposure to heavy metals plays in the disruption of sex Q5 hormone levels in postmenopausal women. Further experiments are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Microalgae-mediated tandem culture of shrimp and bivalve: an environmental and health co-benefits solution for phosphorus recovery and emission reduction
Authors: Ma Shuonan , Dong Xumeng , Luo Cheng , Zhao Chunpu , Xu Jilin
Published: July 2023

Phosphorus (P) accumulation in aquaculture systems is damaging our environment beyond acceptable levels. Devising strategies to potentially recover P from aquaculture systems in a reusable bioresource form is paramount and aligns with circular economy policies. In this study, we constructed two culture models, monoculture (Mon) and tandem culture (Tan), using Exopalaemon carinicauda and Mercenaria mercenaria. By monitoring the performance of rearing organisms, P dynamic patterns, and pollutant emissions, we found that: i) Compared to the Mon system, the Tan system demonstrated no differences in the performance of E. carinicauda and M. mercenaria, suggesting that the Tan model was viable in terms of fishery yield; ii) P in the Tan system could be efficiently recovered and removed from water and sediment, as indicated by the lower phosphate concentration in water (0.01 mg L−1), and the decrease in labile P in surface sediment (from 0.04 to 0.02 mg L−1). A combination of assimilatory and dissimilatory processes, mediated by phototrophic (bait-microalgae) and heterotrophic organisms (bivalves), appeared to be the primary mechanism for P utilization and removal; iii) The Tan system reduced pollutant emissions four times lower than the Mon system due to its minimal tailwater discharge (10%, 230 L). The emissions of total P, phosphate, total organic carbon, ammonium, and chemical oxygen demand from the Tan systems were 19 mg m−2 d−1, 2 mg m−2 d−1, 2 g m−2 d−1, 38 mg m−2 d−1, and 11 g m−2 d−1, respectively, 1.3, 1.7, 1.4, 1.3, and 1.2 times lower than those from the Mon systems. The eco-friendly Tan culture model fully exploited the resources of pond culture, a solution with environmental and health co-benefits for P recovery and emission reduction.
Artificial intelligence and bioinformatics analyze markers of children's transcriptional genome to predict autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Tang Huitao , Liang Jiawei , Chai Keping , Gu Huaqian , Ye Weiping , Cao Panlong , Chen Shufang , Shen Daojiang
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, is extremely challenging to diagnose in toddlers. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial however.

Methods

In this study, we developed a machine learning classification model based on mRNA expression data from the peripheral blood of 128 toddlers with ASD and 126 controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ASD and controls were identified.

Results

We identified genes such as UBE4B, SPATA2 and RBM3 as DEGs, mainly involved in immune-related pathways. 21 genes were screened as key biomarkers using LASSO regression, yielding an accuracy of 86%. A neural network model based on these 21 genes achieved an AUC of 0.88.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that the identified neurotransmitters and 21 immune-related biomarkers may facilitate the early diagnosis of ASD. The mRNA expression profile sheds light on the biological underpinnings of ASD in toddlers and potential biomarkers for early identification. Nevertheless, larger samples are needed to validate these biomarkers.
A study on the correlations between acoustic speech variables and bradykinesia in advanced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cavallieri Francesco , Di Rauso Giulia , Gessani Annalisa , Budriesi Carla , Fioravanti Valentina , Contardi Sara , Menozzi Elisa , Pinto Serge , Moro Elena , Antonelli Francesca , Valzania Franco
Published: July 2023

Background

Very few studies have assessed the presence of a possible correlation between speech variables and limb bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this study was to find correlations between different speech variables and upper extremity bradykinesia under different medication conditions in advanced PD patients.

Methods

Retrospective data were collected from a cohort of advanced PD patients before and after an acute levodopa challenge. Each patient was assessed with a perceptual-acoustic analysis of speech, which included several quantitative parameters [i.e., maximum phonation time (MPT) and intensity (dB)]; the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) (total scores, subscores, and items); and a timed test (a tapping test for 20 s) to quantify upper extremity bradykinesia. Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to find correlations between the different speech variables and the tapping rate.

Results

A total of 53 PD patients [men: 34; disease duration: 10.66 (SD 4.37) years; age at PD onset: 49.81 years (SD 6.12)] were included. Levodopa intake increased the MPT of sustained phonation (p < 0.01), but it reduced the speech rate (p = 0.05). In the defined-OFF condition, MPT of sustained phonation positively correlated with both bilateral mean (p = 0.044, r-value:0.299) and left (p = 0.033, r-value:0.314) tapping. In the defined-ON condition, the MPT correlated positively with bilateral mean tapping (p = 0.003), left tapping (p = 0.003), and right tapping (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

This study confirms the presence of correlations between speech acoustic variables and upper extremity bradykinesia in advanced PD patients. These findings suggest common pathophysiological mechanisms.
Bioactive compounds for human and planetary health
Authors: Kussmann Martin , Abe Cunha David Henrique , Berciano Silvia
Published: July 2023

Bioactive compounds found in edible plants and foods are vital for human and planetary health, yet their significance remains underappreciated. These natural bioactives, as part of whole diets, ingredients, or supplements, can modulate multiple aspects of human health and wellness. Recent advancements in omic sciences and computational biology, combined with the development of Precision Nutrition, have contributed to the convergence of nutrition and medicine, as well as more efficient and affordable healthcare solutions that harness the power of food for prevention and therapy. Innovation in this field is crucial to feed a growing global population sustainably and healthily. This requires significant changes in our food system, spanning agriculture, production, distribution and consumption. As we are facing pressing planetary health challenges, investing in bioactive-based solutions is an opportunity to protect biodiversity and the health of our soils, waters, and the atmosphere, while also creating value for consumers, patients, communities, and stakeholders. Such research and innovation targets include alternative proteins, such as cellular agriculture and plant-derived protein; natural extracts that improve shelf-life as natural preservatives; upcycling of agricultural by-products to reduce food waste; and the development of natural alternatives to synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Translational research and innovation in the field of natural bioactives are currently being developed at two levels, using a systems-oriented approach. First, at the biological level, the interplay between these compounds and the human host and microbiome is being elucidated through omics research, big data and artificial intelligence, to accelerate both discovery and validation. Second, at the ecosystem level, efforts are focused on producing diverse nutrient-rich, flavorful, and resilient, yet high-yield agricultural crops, and educating consumers to make informed choices that benefit both their health and the planet. Adopting a system-oriented perspective helps: unravel the intricate and dynamic relationships between bioactives, nutrition, and sustainability outcomes, harnessing the power of nature to promote human health and wellbeing; foster sustainable agriculture and protect the ecosystem. Interdisciplinary collaboration in this field is needed for a new era of research and development of practical food-based solutions for some of the most pressing challenges humanity and our planet are facing today.
Physiological-induced conductive response evaluation in specific muscle compartments under hybrid of electrical muscle stimulation and voluntary resistance training by electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Sun Bo , Darma Panji Nursetia , Sejati Prima Asmara , Shirai Tomoyuki , Narita Kosei , Takei Masahiro
Published: July 2023

Objective: The physiological-induced conductive response has been visualised for evaluation in specific muscle compartments under hybrid (hybridEMS) of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) and voluntary resistance training (VRT) by electrical impedance tomography (EIT).

Methods: In the experiments, tendency of conductivity distribution images σ over time was clearly detected for three specific muscle compartments, which are called AM1 compartment composed of biceps brachii muscle, AM2 compartment composed of triceps brachii muscle, and AM3 compartment composed of brachialis muscle, under three training modalities.

Results: From the experimental results, the tendency of physiological-induced conductive response are increased in all three training modalities with increasing training time. Correspondingly, the spatial-mean conductivity <σ>AM1,AM2,AM3 increased with the conductance value G and extracellular water ratio β of right arm by bio-impedance analysis (BIA) method. In addition, hybridEMS has the greatest effect on physiological-induced conductive response in AM1, AM2, and AM3. Under hybridEMS, the spatial-mean conductivity increased from <σpre > AM1 = 0.154 to <σ23mins > AM1 = 0.810 in AM1 muscle compartment (n = 8, p < 0.001); <σpre > AM2 = 0.040 to <σ23mins > AM2 = 0.254 in AM2 muscle compartment (n = 8, p < 0.05); <σpre > AM3 = 0.078 to <σ23mins > AM3 = 0.497 in AM3 muscle compartment (n = 8, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The paired-samples t-test results of <σ>AM1,AM2,AM3 under all three training modalities suggest hybridEMS has the most efficient elicitation on physiological induced conductive response compared to VRT and EMS. The effect of EMS on deep muscle compartment (AM3) is slower compared to VRT and hybridEMS, with a significant difference after 15 min of training.
“Personally, I feel sorry, but professionally, I don't have a choice.”1 Understanding the drivers of anti-Roma discrimination on the rental housing market
Authors: Váradi Luca , Szilasi Blanka , Kende Anna , Braverman Jeremy , Simonovits Gábor , Simonovits Bori
Published: July 2023

The aim of our study is to assess the drivers of discriminatory behaviors of real-estate agents and private landlords toward prospective Roma tenants, relying on qualitative data from Hungary. Though there is a broad literature on the forms and frequency of discrimination, we know much less about the question of why people discriminate. Previous research suggests that discrimination on the basis of ethnicity is widespread in Hungary. To understand the drivers of discrimination, we analyzed: (a) the sources and justifications of discrimination of Roma people on the rental housing market among real-estate agents and private landlords, the actors making decisions about tenants (b) mapped the social embeddedness of discrimination, and (c) assessed the resilience of discriminatory intentions by analyzing the reactions to a 3-min advocacy video showing discrimination of Roma people on the rental housing market. We conducted and analyzed five online group discussions with 18 real estate agents and landlords advertising properties for rent in different regions of the country. Our qualitative study revealed that discrimination of Roma people is understood to be a widespread and socially acceptable practice driven by the need to avoid risks attributed to Roma tenants based on widely held stereotypes about them. We identified certain specificities in the justification and argumentation strategies of real-estate agents in comparison to private landlords. By providing counter-information presenting the perspective of Roma tenants, negative views could be challenged on the emotional level and also by shifting the group dynamics, strengthening the viewpoint of those without prejudice. We discuss our findings with regards to the possibilities of interventions against discrimination in societies in which neither social norms nor state institutions expect the equal treatment of the members of ethnic minority groups.
Paving the way to net-zero: identifying environmental sustainability factors for business model innovation through carbon disclosure project data
Authors: Asif Muhammad Salman , Lau Henry , Nakandala Dilupa , Hurriyet Hilal
Published: July 2023

Net-zero emission targets are crucial, given the environmental impact of the food and beverage industries. Our study proposes an environmentally focused Sustainable Business Model (SBM) using data from 252 food, beverage, and tobacco companies that reported to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). We investigated the risks, opportunities, business strategies, emission reduction initiatives, and supply chain interactions associated with climate change by analyzing their qualitative answers using the NVivo software. Following the grounded theory approach, we identified the Environmental Sustainability Factors (ESFs) that support businesses in meeting pollution reduction targets. The ESFs were integrated with Osterwalder's business model canvas to create an archetype focused on delivering “net-zero” or “carbon neutral” value to customers. The model's efficacy is enhanced by the advantages and motivations of environmental collaborations. The paper provides critical support for sustainability theories and assists Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to develop strategic business models for net-zero emission targets.
Legal Personhood for Animals: Has Science Made Its Case?
Authors: Pardo Michelle C.
Published: July 2023

The use of Latin in identifying an organism’s genus and species is likely familiar to scientists and zoological professionals, but a traditional legal doctrine, known as habeas corpus (meaning “you have the body”) may not have obvious applicability to nonhumans in the animal kingdom. In recent years, animal rights organizations have utilized the habeas corpus doctrine as a basis to bring legal challenges on behalf of nonhuman animals to expand “legal personhood” to them. These lawsuits, which have focused on species such as nonhuman primates and elephants, seek to challenge the “confinement” of animals in zoological institutions and by private owners, much like a prisoner or other detainee. The small but vocal animal legal personhood movement bases its argument on the fact that elephants and nonhuman primates are highly sentient and have complex cognitive characteristics. Proponents of legal personhood for animals have argued that the common law has progressed and expanded over the years as societal norms and conditions have changed and, much like the law has expanded to afford women and persons of color legal rights and protections, so should the law expand to treat animals the same as humans. Despite these efforts, to date, no court in the United States has accepted this invitation. This article summarizes key legal challenges and decisions to date in the United States, examines how science and societal conditions have influenced the law, and analyzes the reasons why legal personhood for animals so far has been viewed as a “bridge too far” in the American legal system.
Fibrous PVA Matrix Containing Strontium-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles from Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata L.) Shells for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Herbanu Aldi , Ana Ika Dewi , Ardhani Retno , Siswomihardjo Widowati
Published: July 2023

A scaffold that replicates the physicochemical composition of bone at the nanoscale level is a promising replacement for conventional bone grafts such as autograft, allograft, or xenograft. However, its creation is still a major challenge in bone tissue engineering. The fabrication of a fibrous PVA-HA/Sr matrix made of strontium (Sr)-substituted hydroxyapatite from the shell of Pomecea canaliculate L. (golden apple snail) is reported in this work. Since the fabrication of HAp from biogenic resources such as the shell of golden apple snail (GASs) should be conducted at very high temperature and results in high crystalline HAp, Sr substitution to Ca was applied to reduce crystallinity during HAp synthesis. The resulted HAp and HA/Sr nanoparticles were then combined with PVA to create fibrous PVA-HAp or PVA-HA/Sr matrices in 2 or 4 mol % Sr ions substitution by electrospinning. The nanofiber diameter increased gradually by the addition of HAp, HA/Sr 2 mol %, and HA/Sr 4 mol %, respectively, into PVA. The percentage of the swelling ratio increased and reached the maximum value in PVA-HA/Sr-4 mol %, as well as in its protein adsorption. Furthermore, the matrices with HAp or HA/Sr incorporation exhibited good bioactivity, increased cell viability and proliferation. Therefore, the fibrous matrices generated in this study are considered potential candidates for bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Further in vivo studies become an urgency to valorize these results into real clinical application.
Impact of Chemicals on the Age of Menarche: A Literature Review
Authors: Anastasiadis Xristos , Matsas Alkis , Panoskaltsis Theodoros , Bakas Panagiotis , Papadimitriou Dimitrios T. , Christopoulos Panagiotis
Published: July 2023

A growing body of evidence suggests that chemicals interfere with the age of onset of menarche. We conducted a review in order to demonstrate the relationship between several categories of chemicals and menarche. We searched for English language papers using the Medline/PubMed database until April 2023. The chemical factors found to affect menarche were prenatal and antenatal smoke, phthalates, phenols, organochlorines, perfluoroalkyls and polyfluoroalkyls, metals, air pollutants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Low or high exposure to each chemical compound could affect the age of menarche, leading to early or delayed menarche. Furthermore, the results show that intrauterine exposure may have a different impact from antenatal exposure. There is evidence that endocrine-disrupting chemicals affect the age of menarche, but more research needs to be conducted.
A Study of Key Aroma Compounds in Hurood Cheese and Their Potential Correlations with Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Wang Yadong , Zeng Hong , Cao Yanping , Wang Shaojia , Wang Bei
Published: July 2023

Hurood cheese (namely Hurood) is a traditional acid-coagulated cheese in China. This work investigated key aroma compounds and their potential correlations with dominant species of Hurood sampled from three distinct geographical origins. Key aroma compounds were determined according to Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O), and relative odor active values (ROAVs) analyses. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify the dominant species. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the potential relationships between key aroma compounds and dominant species. A total of 31 key aroma compounds were identified in the Hurood samples from three regions. Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus crispatus, and Leuconostoc citreum were found to be significantly correlated with the key aroma compounds (p < 0.05) and were identified as the core species. This study shows the link between the presence of presumptive functional core microbes and the unique aroma profiles of this traditional dairy product.
Introduction to the Special Issue “Scientific Breakthroughs to Fruit and Vegetable By-Product Valorization in the Food Sector”
Authors: Conte Amalia , Del Nobile Matteo A.
Published: July 2023

We are pleased to present this Special Issue, which includes five papers that highlight important research activities in the field of fruit and vegetable by-product valorization [...]
Effects of Tillage and Cover Crops on Total Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks and Particle-Size Fractions of Soil Organic Matter under Onion Crop
Authors: Kuneski Ana Carla , Loss Arcângelo , Ventura Barbara Santos , Santos Thiago Stacowski dos , Giumbelli Lucas Dupont , Lima Andria Paula , Piccolo Marisa de Cássia , Torres José Luiz Rodrigues , Brunetto Gustavo , Kurtz Claudinei , Lourenzi Cledimar Rogério , Comin Jucinei José
Published: July 2023

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a food crop of economic importance. In Brazil, the crop typically occurs in a conventional tillage system (CT), which favors the mineralization and decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) and the loss of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). On the other hand, the no-tillage vegetable system (NTVS) operates based on sustainable pillars and bypasses the adverse effects of CT. This study evaluated the total C and N stocks and particle-size fractions of SOM in NTVS with single and intercropped cover plants compared to vegetable crops under CT. The NTVS evaluated treatments were as follows: (1) spontaneous vegetation (SV); (2) black oats (BO); (3) rye (RY); (4) oilseed radish (OR); (5) RY + OR; and (6) BO + OR. A treatment under CT with millet cover, a no-tillage system with (NTS) millet + velvet + sunflower cover, and a forested area as the original condition was also evaluated. Soil samples were collected in 0–5, 5–10, and 10–30 cm layers. Stocks of total organic C (TOC), total N (TN), particulate OC (POC), particulate N (PN), mineral-associated OC (MAOC), and mineral-associated N (MN) were evaluated. The highest stocks of TOC, TN, POC, and NM were found in NTVS compared to CT, and RY + OR showed the best results. The NTVS showed higher TOC and TN stocks with grasses and cruciferous intercropped than NTVS with SV and CT. POC and PN stocks increased in areas with single and intercropped RY and OR treatments. MAOC and MN stocks were higher than forest in RY + OR intercrop in the topsoil layer. RY and OR intercrop efficiently added C and N to the soil under NTVS. The consortium of millet + velvet + sunflower in NTS showed higher TOC, TN, POC, and PN stocks compared to the other treatments (0–5 and 0–30 cm). In general, the intercrop of cover plants is ideal for obtaining the NTVS maximum potential, favoring several mechanisms between soil, plant, and atmosphere, resulting in improved soil quality, increased organic matter, and higher stocks of C and N.
Antimicrobial Activity the Essential Oil from Croton pluriglandulosus Carn. Leaves against Microorganisms of Clinical Interest
Authors: Carvalho Rayara J. P. , Souza Pedro F. N. , Malveira Ellen A. , Neto Nilton A. S. , Silva Romério R. S. , Melo Gabriel L. C. , Silva Ayrles F. B. , Lima Leandro B. , de Albuquerque Cynthia C. , Bastos Rafael W. , Goldman Gustavo H. , de Freitas Cleverson D. T.
Published: July 2023

Multiresistant pathogens pose a serious threat to human health. The genus Candida is one class of human pathogenic yeasts responsible for infections affecting healthy and immunocompromised patients. In this context, plant essential oils emerged as a future natural alternative to control the diseases caused by these pathogens. Based on that, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of essential oil from C. pluriglandulosus and understand the mechanism of action. Here, it highlighted antimicrobial activity and the mechanisms of action of the essential oil extracted from C. pluriglandulosus Carn.-Torres & Riina (CpEO) leaves on human pathogenic microorganisms in planktonic and biofilm lifestyles. In addition, for the first time, the oil composition was revealed by GC-MS analysis and the toxicity to human red blood cells (HRBC). Twenty-six chemical compounds were identified in CpEO, elemicin, bicyclogermacrene, caryophyllene, brevifolin, and 2,4,6-trimethoxy-styrene. Through hemolytic assay, it was shown that CpEO has no toxicity to human RBCs. At the concentration of 50 μg mL−1, CpEO did not show great antibacterial potential. However, promising data were found for C. krusei and C. parapsilosis inhibiting by 89.3% and 80.7% of planktonic cell growth and 83.5% and 77.9% the biofilm formation, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action CpEO were elucidated by fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy revealed damage to the cell membrane and pore formation, ROS overproduction, and induction of apoptosis in candida cells. Our results reinforce the potential of CpEO as an effective alternative molecule of pharmaceutical interest.
An Assessment of the Financial Indicators of PJSC Gazprom
Authors: Brusov Peter , Filatova Tatiana , Kashirin Andrey
Published: July 2023

This assessment of the financial performance of PJSC Gazprom was carried out within the framework of modern theories of the cost of capital and capital structure: the Brusov–Filatova–Orekhova (BFO) theory and the Modigliani–Miller (MM) theory. Various methods for estimating the main parameter of both theories (BFO and MM), k0, the cost of equity, and WACC at zero leverage are discussed and applied. The analysis is based on data from official financial statements of PJSC Gazprom for the period from 2018 to 2022. Using the calculated values of k0, the main financial indicators were estimated, such as the cost of raising capital, the value of the company, and the cost of equity. The dependences of k0, k0*, WACC(L), V(L), and ke(L) of PJSC Gazprom on leverage level, L, for 2018–2022 were investigated. The results obtained are of forecast value, allowing a forecast of the values of financial indicators based on the particular capital structure of PJSC Gazprom.
Using Pegylated Graphene Oxide to Achieve High Performance Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on Poly(ethylene oxide)/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend (PEO/PVA)
Authors: Eslami Behnam , Ghasemi Ismaeil , Esfandeh Masoud
Published: July 2023

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have emerged as a promising avenue for developing flexible lithium-ion batteries. However, the low ionic conductivity of polymers remains a primary challenge that has been the subject of intensive research efforts in recent years. In this work, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol, lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), and graphene functionalized with polyethylene glycol (FGO) have been used to prepare SPE/FGO electrolytes by casting solution technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the reduction of SPE crystals and the increase of amorphous phases. The results demonstrated that the presence of functionalized graphene had an effective role in reducing crystallinity. Furthermore, the thermal and mechanical stability of the samples were corroborated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests, respectively. Notably, the samples exhibited adequate ionic conductivity at room temperature, with the highest ionic conductivity of 5.2 × 10−5 S·cm−1 observed for 2%wt of FGO in SPE (SPE/FGO(2)).
Evaluation of Omnigene-Sputum for Preservation of Sputum Samples for Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Mambuque Edson , Saavedra Belén , Molina-Moya Barbara , Nguenha Dinis , García-García Esther , Blanco Silvia , Gomes Neide , Ehrlich Joanna , Bulo Helder , Munguambe Shilzia , Chiconela Helio , Acacio Sozinho , Domínguez José , García-Basteiro Alberto L.
Published: July 2023

In several low-income countries, the transport of sputa could take up to one week to reach the laboratories, resulting in increased contamination rates and a loss of growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the OMNIgene-SPUTUM in preserving Mycobacterium tuberculosis on sputum samples simulating three hypothetical scenarios for conservation and/or decontamination: (1) sputum was mixed with OMN and conserved at room temperature for five days and then processed for culture (OMN); (2) sputum cultures followed the routine standing operating procedure at day 0 (STD); and (3) sputum samples were kept at room temperature for five days and mixed with the standard decontamination reagent (SDT5) and then processed for culture. The positivity rate based on smear microscopy was 36.4%, 29.1%, and 27.3% for STD, STD5, and OMN, respectively. The proportion of positive results by liquid culture (MGIT) was 39.1% (43/110) for STD, 26.4% (29/110) for STD5, and 20.0% for OMN (22/110). The overall concordance of liquid culture results was 51.8% (57/110): 37.3% (41/110) for negative results, 11.8% (13/110) for MTBC growth, and 2.7% (3/110) for contaminated results. The OMN arm showed better performance in solid culture than in liquid culture, with a notable reduction in contaminated results.
Microscopic and Molecular Identification of Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cystoisospora belli in HIV-Infected People in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran
Authors: Ramezanzadeh Saba , Barzegar Gholamreza , Osquee Hamid Owaysee , Pirestani Majid , Mahami-Oskouei Mahmoud , Hajizadeh Maryam , Hosseini Seyed Abdollah , Rodrigues Oliveira Sonia M. , Agholi Mahmoud , de Lourdes Pereira Maria , Ahmadpour Ehsan
Published: July 2023

Opportunistic pathogens such as Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora belli, and Cyclospora cayetanensis cause various gastrointestinal and non-digestive disorders in people with HIV/AIDS. These symptoms are especially severe in HIV-infected people who have a CD4+ count of less than 200 cells/mL. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of C. belli and C. cayetanensis infections among people living with HIV in Tabriz, northwest of Iran. This descriptive study was performed on 137 people with HIV who had been referred to behavioral disease counseling centers in Tabriz. Then, after receiving written consent, fecal samples were collected and evaluated for the detection of parasitic infections using direct methods and modified acid fast staining, as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR).From the 137 fecal samples collected (98 males and 39 females, between 20 and 40 years old), 1.5% were positive for C. cayetanensis and 2.9% were positive for C. belli. Due to the prevalence of C. cayetanensis and C. belli in people with HIV in Tabriz, essential measures, including personal hygiene training for infection control and prevention, seem necessary.
Potential Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Tannin-Rich Forage on Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Production, Defaunation and Rumen Function
Authors: Acosta-Lozano Néstor , Barros-Rodríguez Marcos , Guishca-Cunuhay Carlos , Andrade-Yucailla Veronica , Contreras-Barros Katherine , Sandoval-Castro Carlos , Elghandour Mona Mohamad Mohamad Yasseen , Zeidan Mohamed Salem Abdelfattah
Published: July 2023

This experiment evaluated the effect of including Acacia mearnsii leaves in a high-fiber diet (corn stover), on ruminal degradation kinetics, digestibility, microbial biomass production, and gas, CH4, and CO2 production. Four experimental diets were tested, including a control with 100% corn stover (T1), and three additional diets with corn stover supplemented at 15% A. mearnsii leaves (T2), 30% A. mearnsii leaves (T3) and 45% of A. mearnsii leaves (T4). The highest dry matter in situ degradation (p ≤ 0.001) and in vitro digestibility (p ≤ 0.001) was found in T1 (80.6 and 53.4%, respectively) and T2 (76.4 and 49.6%, respectively) diets. A higher population of holotrich and entodiniomorph ruminal protozoa was found (p = 0.0001) in T1 at 12 and 24 h. Diets of T1 and T2 promoted a higher (p = 0.0001) microbial protein production (314.5 and 321.1 mg/0.5 g DM, respectively). Furthermore, a lower amount of CH4 was found (p < 0.05) with T2, T3 and T4. It is concluded that it is possible to supplement up to 15% of A. mearnsii leaves (30.5 g TC/kg DM) in ruminant’s diets. This decreased the population of protozoa (holotrich and entodiniomorph) as well as the CH4 production by 35.8 and 18.5%, respectively, without generating adverse effects on the ruminal degradation kinetics, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein production.
Reproductive Health of Girls and Adolescents in Moscow. Development of Specialized Care
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Karachentsova I.V. , Sibirskaya Ye.V. , Chernysheva M.Yu. ,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital of N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,   Center for Adolescent Reproductive Health of the Moscow Region,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
Published: July 2023

Due to a steady trend towards an increase in the incidence of various gynecological diseases, one of the most significant problems of modern society is the protection of the reproductive health of girls and adolescents. Diseases that are asymptomatic or with an erased clinical presentation but have a significant impact on the reproductive potential of the young population deserve close attention. Purpose. To reveal the prevalence of gynecological diseases among the female population of the neutral, prepubertal and pubertal period in Moscow and to determinate ways to reduce incidence of preventable diseases. Material and methods. An analysis of the data on gynecological morbidity of girls and adolescents in Moscow is presented based on the data of the annual report of the chief freelance specialist gynecologist of childhood and adolescence in Moscow in 2021 (n = 925 632). According to the report, the prevalence of gynecological pathologies during examinations in 2021 is (n = 82 517): delayed puberty (n = 182), premature thelarche (n = 779), menstrual disorders (n = 11 748), other endocrine disorders (n = 15), premenstrual tension syndrome (n = 353), dysmenorrhea (n = 5265), inflammatory diseases of vulva and vagina (n = 18 796), ovarian cysts (n = 2384), labial adhesion (labia minora) (n = 6261), disorders of breast (n = 1136), anogenital warts (n = 26), congenital disorders of female genital organs (n = 71), unspecified injury of external genitals (n = 223), sexual transmitted diseases (n = 39), Turner’s syndrome (n = 21), unspecified malignant primary neoplasms (n = 5). Results. An analysis of the prevalence of gynecological diseases in girls and adolescents in Moscow in 2021 (n = 925 632) has revealed that the highest incidence among all diseases of the reproductive system (n = 82 517) is: inflammatory diseases of the external and internal genital organs – 23% (n = 18 796), as well as menstrual disorders – 14% (n = 11 748), including dysmenorrhea – 6% (n = 5265), and labial adhesions – 8% (n = 6261). Reducing the incidence of gynecological diseases among girls and adolescents in Moscow can be achieved through regular full well-child examinations and improving the quality of specialized gynecological care. Conclusion. Providing regular preventive physical examinations and educational activities among adolescents and parents is one of the ways to timely detect various diseases of the reproductive system. The incidence of gynecological diseases among this age group can also be significantly reduced by increasing the coverage of the population with medical care and improving the quality of its provision
Resolution of the Expert Council «Unexplored Dyspepsia: Short-term and Long-term Patient Management Strategies»
Authors:   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Maev I.V. , Lazebnik L.B. , Bordin D.S. , Dekhnich N.N. , Kucheryavy Yu.A. , Tryakin A.A. , Gaus O.V. , Livzan M.A. ,   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center,   Tver State Medical University,   Smolensk State Medical University,   Ilyinsky Hospital, Krasnogorsk, Moscow region,   N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology,   Omsk State Medical University
Published: July 2023

Purpose. To present the materials of the Expert Council, which was held on April 22, 2023 in Moscow and dedicated to modern approaches to the management of patients with unexplored dyspepsia, as well as the choice of the optimal Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy scheme in the Russian Federation. The main provisions of the resolution. An initial patient with recent dyspeptic symptoms who has not taken drugs that can cause gastric damage should be considered as a patient with undiagnosed dyspepsia. The first diagnosis to be excluded in a patient with unexplored dyspepsia is H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis. In order to alleviate or eliminate the symptoms of dyspepsia in the period before testing for H. pylori, the appointment of the prokinetic itopride hydrochloride is recommended, given the lack of influence on the results of the examination, proven efficacy and high safety profile, as demonstrated in studies on the original drug. The patient's presence of objective signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, unmotivated weight loss, aggravated family history of gastric cancer, as well as age over 50 years are indications for esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy. An initial positive test for H. pylori is an indication for eradication therapy, as infection is a major etiological factor in gastric adenocarcinoma, including proximal gastric cancer and cancer of the gastroesophageal junction. Quadruple therapy with clarithromycin (amoxicillin + clarithromycin + proton pump inhibitor + bismuth tripotassium dicitrate) for 14 days can be defined as first-line therapy in the Russian Federation. In order to increase the effectiveness of eradication, the use of original preparations is recommended