bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BİTLİS KALESİ KAZISI
Authors: KARASU Yunus Emre , ERCEK Mikail
Published: November 2023

The excavations of Bitlis Castle were first started by Prof. Dr. Kadir Pektaş in 2004, and the excavations continued until 2010. As of 2010, the excavations continued until 2015 under the direction of Prof. Dr. Gülsen Baş. After 2015, excavation works were stopped. In 2018, it was continued until 2021 under the scientific consultancy of Assoc. Dr. Korkmaz Şen. As of 2022, Bitlis Castle Excavations continue under the presidency of Ahlat Museum Directorate and under the scientific consultancy of Ass. Prof. Yunus Emre Karasu, who works at Bitlis Eren University. The most important information about Bitlis Castle is in a miniature depicted during the Irakeyn Campaign of Matrakçı Nasuh, and in the travel book of Evliya Çelebi. In particular, Evliya Çelebi’s travel book contains comprehensive information about the Bitlis Castle. Bitlis Castle, which is located on a steep rocky area and dominates its surroundings, consists of an inner castle and an outer castle. In the current excavations of Bitlis Castle, the palace, Sinan Bey Hammam (Turkish bath), cellar, dungeon, cistern, school(?), as well as observation and guard places and residential structures were identified. In addition, it is predicted that there may be places used as a prayer room and market place in the castle. The excavations of Bitlis Castle, five different cultural layers have been identified. These layers belong to the Late Ottoman (17th century-20th century), Classical Ottoman (16th century), Beyliks Period (14-15th centuries), Anatolian Seljuk Period (13th century), Byzantine Period (11th century). It is seen that commercial activities continued intensively between the 15th and 18th centuries. Although there are limited data, it is estimated that Bitlis Castle maintained its importance between the 12th and 14th centuries. Another important issue, which was uncovered during the Bitlis Castle excavations and reveals the importance of the region in the archaeological excavations of the Turkish Period in Anatolia, is its cultural relationship with the Safavids, as can be understood from the political past. its geopolitical location, we think that revealing the interaction of Bitlis Castle with Iran geography will make a great contribution to Anatolian archeology. For more detailed information, please refer to the Extended Abstract at the end of the text
DİVRİĞİ KALESİ KAZISI
Authors: ESER Erdal , ACARA ESER Meryem
Published: November 2023

Divriği, which has the richest iron ore deposits in Anatolia, is known for the struggle of the Byzantine Empire against the Paulicians in the past. The settlement, that came under the control of the Mengücek family in the mid-12th century, is now mostly known for the Divriği Building Complex, which is recognized as a World Heritage Site. However, its cultural richness is much more than that. The castle is an important source of information with its mosque and its artifacts, most of which are still underground. After the survey in 2006, excavation works started in 2007. The first excavations in the castle area were carried out in 2009 and to the west of the Castle Mosque. Between 2010-2018, excavation work was carried out at the points called the Main Gate, Sultan’s Gate, Flag Area, North of Castle Mosque, Cave Area, as well as other locations. The groups of artifacts found led to the formation of a rich excavation inventory. Among these material groups, plaster, tobacco pipes, metal artifacts and a special group of glazed ceramics was studied as a master’s thesis. Significant data about the area was obtained during the process from 2007-2018. A general conclusion was reached regarding settlement phases. A ceremonial sacrificial area, necropolis period, warehouse outpost period, rock dwelling period and wall building period were generally identified. Within the framework of the opened spaces, the spatial characteristics of the settlement were better understood. As a result of long and detailed studies and material analysis, especially the ceramic material character was understood, and the issue of local-imported material was resolved. Although the activities carried out between 2007- 2018 have led to the acquisition of important information about the area, the excavated area during this period does not even cover 10 % of the whole area. The latest excavations were carried out in 2018 and we hope that another team or other teams start working in the area to increase the data on Divrigi Castle. For more detailed information, please refer to the Extended Abstract at the end of the text
KÜTAHYA KALESİ KAZILARI
Authors: GÖK Sevinç , ÜNAN Serdar , ALTUNKAYNAK DUĞAN Seher , BUĞDAYCI Begüm
Published: November 2023

Located in the city center of Kütahya, the citadel is situated on a hill overlooking the city. Taking into consideration the wall construction technique, it is thought that the present city walls and the bastions of the citadel, in particular, have been constructed during the Byzantine Period. Kütahya Citadel, known to have been inhabited during the Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman periods, is formed by three sections as Upper Citadel, Inner Citadel and Lower Citadel. Drawn up in 2020 with the authorization of the Kütahya Cultural Heritage Preservation Board, a recovery excavation has been performed within the scope of the “Kütahya Castle Lighting Project”. In the castle, canals have been opened around the restaurant and cafeteria, which have been built unauthorizedly within various periods since the seventies, and electrical cables and electricity supply panels have been placed. Both the cable ducts and the apparatus required for the lighting have been laid without inflicting any damage to the area, and the processes have been designed to be recyclable. Regular excavations have been initiated in the 2021 excavation season, and excavations have been conducted in ZZ-21, AB-21 and ZZ-22 grids in the Upper Citadel. Leveling works have been performed in the 10x10 trenches determined in the inner part of the 28th and 29th bastions. Alternative walls in brick and coarse stone order as well as coarse stone wall systems have been identified. Ceramics are amongst the first small finds unearthed within the two excavation seasons. Glazed and unglazed ceramic finds from the Roman, Byzantine, (Beylik) Principalities and Ottoman periods generally consist of plates, bowls, jugs, jars, cooking pots and bowls. Two silver coins minted in Constantinople (Istanbul) and Egypt during the Ottoman Period are also amongst the substantial finds recovered. Apart from coins, various metal objects and glassware finds appear as other artifacts unearthed. For more detailed information, please refer to the Extended Abstract at the end of the text
NİKSAR KALESİ KAZISI
Authors: YAZAR Turgay , ÇELEMOĞLU Şuayip
Published: November 2023

Niksar Castle has an important strategic value with its location in the northern part of the Kelkit Valley, where the main road routes connecting Eastern and Central Anatolia to the Black Sea Region pass through. According to ancient sources, the castle existed in the Pontic Period. The castle, which continued to exist during the Roman and Byzantine periods, was conquered by Danishmend Gazi after the Malazgirt War and became the first center of the Danishmendians. Niksar, which was also used as a military base during the conquest of the Black Sea cities during the Danishmendli and Seljuk periods, has maintained its importance during the Ottoman Period. The first surface survey at Niksar Castle was conducted by Tuncer Baykara in 1983. Systematic excavations in the castle started in 2021 under the chairmanship of Tokat Museum Directorate and the coordination of Turgay Yazar. It was planned to start the excavation works on the third terrace, which constitutes the highest point of the Inner Castle, taking into account such issues as topographical features and the transportation of the earthwork soil, and to expand it to the west in the following years. Within the framework of this plan, the first works started in 2021 on the western side of the city walls that limit the third terrace from the east. Among the findings unearthed during the excavations, ruins of a building that was likely a palace and a cistern were unearthed in this area. The 2022 excavations were carried out in the Fetih Mosque, located west of the eastern walls of the Inner Castle. During the studies in 2022, two vaulted spaces, walls from different periods and the lower floor of the mosque were identified. During the excavations carried out in Niksar Citadel in 2021 and 2022, finds made of different materials such as terracotta, metal, glass and stone, which constitute a wide range from the Hellenistic Period to the end of the Ottoman Period, were unearthed. The excavations carried out at Niksar Castle are important for understanding the rich history of the region, protecting our cultural heritage and transferring it to future generations, and the excavations made offer an important contribution to Medieval archaeological research in Anatolia. For more detailed information, please refer to the Extended Abstract at the end of the text
Freight car model with Y25 bogies stability analysis
Authors: Dusza Mirosław
Published: November 2023

Y25 (25Tn) bogies have been used in freight cars for over 50 years. It is a proven design with a positive opinion in many European countries. In addition to the generally positive opinion about the operational properties of the Y25 bogies, there are sometimes publications whose authors notice certain imperfections related mainly to the so-called running instability, resulting in derailment under certain motion conditions. This paper presents results simulation of motion tests of a freight car with Y25 bogies. A freight car model was created using the VI-Rail software. The research focus on determining the critical velocity and examining nature of the model solutions in the overcritical velocity range. Straight track sa well as curved track motion is analysed. Empty and full wagon properties are considerd. Impact of changes the suspension system selected parameters values on vehicle model solutions stability as well as the vehicl impact on track was analysed.
ABC/VEN-АНАЛИЗ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ДЕТЕЙ БОЛЬНЫХ С COVID-19 В СТАЦИОНАРЕ
Authors: АЛМАС С.А. , СЕРИКБАЕВА Э.А. , ДАТХАЕВ У.М. , ЕГИЗБАЕВА Ш.А.
Published: November 2023

Были изучены структуры госпитализации и результаты ABC/VEN-анализом лекарственного обеспечения детей до 18 лет с основным диагнозом «коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19» детской городской инфекционной больницы города Алматы за период с марта месяца 2020 года по октябрь 2021 года. Структура госпитализации в изучаемом периоде характеризуется преобладанием обструктивных заболеваний. Результаты проведенного анализа показали эффективность применения метода ABC/VEN-анализа для контроля за эффективностью и рациональностью расходования средств стационара. Данная методика дает возможность оптимизировать ассортимент лекарственных средств, обеспечить первоочередное финансирование закупок жизненно важных лекарственных средств, повысить эффективность использования финансовых ресурсов стационара.
Irisin modulates bone marrow derived macrophage polarization towards M2 profile in high fat fed mice
Authors: Magalhães-Santos Juliana , Simões Rafael Loureiro , Caldas Carla Ade , Marques-Neto Silvio Rodrigues , Barja-Fidalgo Thereza Christina , Bouskela Eliete , Castiglione Raquel Carvalho
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims: The chronic inflammatory process in the adipose tissue during obesity suggests constant polarization of classically activated macrophages (M1) and low polarization of alternately activated ones (M2). Since irisin has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetogenic properties our aim is to evaluate its effects on macrophage polarization in mice subjected to high fat diet. Methods and Results: C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high fat diet for 30 weeks. Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) were isolated and incubated with 50 nM of irisin. Cellular phenotype, nitrite production, arginase-1 expression and cell viability were analyzed. Irisin was able to increase F480+CD206+ and F480+CD301+ cell number, and arginase1 expression. Irisin was not able to induce nitrite production and did not affect cell viability. Conclusion: Irisin was able to elicit an M2-like profile in macrophages in mice subjected to high fat diet, suggesting an anti-inflammatory action of this cytokine with potential therapeutic use in the control of imflammation during obesity.
Evolving Higher Education: Challenges and Opportunities on the Horizon
Authors: Arman Husam
Published: November 2023

Educators are still contending with the quick rise of ChatGPT as an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that could demolish education or change it for the better. Although it is worth the hype and worry, the big picture is embracing the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) and dealing with all its ups and downs. This short contribution aims to shed light on potential future challenges in areas where education is the glue to all these issues and what promising solutions we should entertain to address these challenges. It discusses the shape of education in the Industry 4.0 era, the evolving relationship between academia and industry, and the dynamic learning and teaching process.
International Humanitarian Law and the Use of Starvation as a Method of Warfare: Positive Duties on the Parties to the Conflict
Authors: Nwotite Anita
Published: November 2023

Starvation is one of the numerous humanitarian consequences following armed conflicts as a result of the obstruction in the chain of production and distribution. However, the situation becomes worrisome when starvation isemployed by the parties to a conflict as a method of warfare. This trend was obvious in a number of contemporary armed conflicts such as Russia-Ukraine war, Syrian war, Ethiopia-Tigray war, and Yemeni war, to mention but a few. These were all characterized by the destruction of objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population and in some casethe obstruction of humanitarian access to civilians in need of humanitarian assistance. Against this background, the paper focuses on examining the rules of International Humanitarian Law regulating the use of starvation as a method of warfare, with a view to identifying the positive obligation of the parties to conflict towards strengthening these rules. The study adopted the traditional doctrinal method of legal research combined with qualitative approach. It is the finding of this paper that deliberate attacks against objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population; and the obstruction of humanitarian access to civilians in need of humanitarian assistance are the major ways through which civilians are starved in situations of armed conflicts. To tackle this problem, the paper recommended among other things, the use of the distinctive emblems to enhance the distinction between civilian objectives and military objectives; and the facilitation of the passage relief materials particularly foodstuff for civilians in need of humanitarian assistance.
Critical Analysis of the Prosecution of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence at the International Criminal Court
Authors: Oyewole Oriola O.
Published: November 2023

The prosecution of crimes of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) has remained a challenging issue for international criminal justice. Given that in the past, crimes of sexual violence within the context of international armed conflict were not considered substantive crimes. This is evidenced in the non-prosecution of sexual and gender-based crimes at the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals despite the incontrovertible utilisation of the "comfort women system" in Tokyo during World War II. However, with the emergence of the International Criminal Court(ICC), there seems to be a reasonable but piecemeal progression of the investigation and prosecution of SGBV. Although, previous studies have reported that investigating and gathering evidence for SGBV is a continuing concern within the jurisprudence of the ICC. The recently decided cases at the Court especially demonstrate a development and dynamics in the prosecution of SGBV at the ICC. By employing a doctrinal research method, I spotlight the nuances and hurdles of sexualised crimes within the ICC. The author recommends gender mainstreaming in the investigation and prosecution of sexual violence in order to fill the gap.
Analysis of the Laws and Ethics of Contraception, Sterilization and Abortion with the Socio-Cultural and Religious Issues in Nigeria
Authors: Obalum Dike Chijioke , Agwu Sunday Kenechukwu
Published: November 2023

Modern science has developed through the centuries, particularly in the 21st century. These developments have constantly met the needs of humans in different aspects of life. The health care sector has not been left out in this rapid development. There has been significant development and improvements in reproduction by aiding families in reproduction and safe delivery. This paper adopted the doctrinal method of research and examined the flipside of healthcare development towards reproduction, which is the prevention through means such as contraceptives, sterilization and particularly abortion. The paper aimed at analyzing the law and ethics of contraception, sterilization and abortion and the relation of cultural and religious issues. In pursuit of this aim, the papers set out objectives such as clarification of the terms contraceptives, sterilization, and abortion, review of the laws and ethics of contraceptives and abortion around the world and analysis of the laws and ethics of contraceptives and abortion in Nigeria. The paper, among other things found that these developments have been met with different reactions from people in different regions of the world. The paper further found that these reactions have been mostly from cultural and religious perspectives. The development in this area of biological sciences has proven to aid better development in certain regions while others have not been met with such encouragement as people have been legally prohibited from using these medicinal instruments. The findings in this paper will be useful to both medical and non-medical practitioners. It will indeed be of immense benefit to the general society. The paper made recommendations for developing countries such as Nigeria on best practices to adapt.
Sustainable Foundation System for Alluvial Region
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India, ojha Devesh
Published: November 2023

A structure resting on soil having low bearing capacity and where differential settlement due to erratic nature of soil is expected, raft foundation is recommended to cope-up with mixed or poor ground condition and simultaneously to transfer heavy loads to ground while controlling the differential settlement. The essential task in the analysis of a raft foundation is the determination of the distribution of contact pressure underneath the raft which is a complex function of the rigidity of the superstructure, raft itself and supporting soil. The IS: 2950 (Part I)-1981 recommends the analysis based on the assumption of linear distribution of contact pressure. In this paper, an attempt has been made to design a raft foundation based on its geotechnical analysis. An extensive survey of research works devoted to study the geotechnical parameters affecting the behavior of raft foundation is carried out with detailed experiments raft foundations are increasingly being recognized as an economical and effective foundation system for high rise build-ings. This paper sets out some principles of design for such foundations, including design for the geotechnical ultimate limit state, the structural ultimate limit state, and the serviceability limit state. Attention will be focused on the improvement in the foundation performance due to the raft being in contact with, and embedded within, the soil.
A Study on the Prediction Method Based on ARIMA-LSTM Combined Model in Wordle Game
Authors: Li Jinyue , Guo Biao , Wang Xuetao
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the paper propose a new integrated prediction model AMIRA-LSTM model, which integrates the advantages of each of the two models, firstly, the paper use ARIMA and LSTM models to fit for the known time series data of the wordle game respectively, and find that these two models fit better for the linear and nonlinear parts of the samples respectively, and in this paper, the paper substitute the ARIMA( p,d,q) model, which portrays the linear part of the data series, is substituted into the LSTM model to obtain the prediction about the residuals, thus modifying the prediction of the ARIMA model, and thus organically combining with the respective advantages of the LSTM model describing the nonlinear part of the data series, the final sample prediction results almost overlap with the actual results, and the RMSE and MAPE are 0.0256 and 0.33, respectively; this paper determines the word The RMSE and R2 are 0.2993 and 0.9021, respectively, with high model accuracy.
A Word Difficulty Classification Research Based on K-Means Method
Authors: Wei Chengxi , Kuang Di , Xu Keran
Published: November 2023

Wordle is a globally popular game and many researchers have conducted research on its game mechanics. However, few studies have explored the influence of attributes on the difficulty of the word. Therefore, this paper uses K-means algorithm to classify word difficulty based on certain word attributes. In the paper, the main attributes character repeat times, the presence of "th" or "er", the initial letter (s/c/a/t), and the final letter (e/y/r/t) that affect word difficulty are selected, and a comparison is made regarding the number of difficulty categories, and the most appropriate number of categories is three. Finally, it has been validated by Spearman that this method possesses strong reliability.
Adaptive Path Optimization of Logistics and Distribution Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Liang , Wu Haonan , Liu Fa
Published: November 2023

Designing a logistics network adjustment plan will better ensure the normal operation of the logistics network. Based on the analysis of logistics freight data, when a certain station (DC-5 station is selected in this paper) is shut down, the cargo volume of the relevant line of the site is allocated to other lines and constructed, the impact on the logistics network is dynamically analyzed, and the path optimization problem of automatic acquisition and adaptive adjustment of search direction is carried out based on genetic algorithm without given conditions, and the optimal path allocation scheme is found. Keep as few lines as possible that change in volume before and after this site goes down, and keep the workload of each line as balanced as possible.
Word-Level Interpretation of Chatgpt Detector Based on Classification Contribution
Authors: Chen Dekun
Published: November 2023

The ChatGPT detector is considered a necessary task to standardize the use of ChatGPT. Difficulty interpreting the test process and results is a common problem with LLM. Most existing interpreters focus on attention visualization and rarely consider the classification process. This study presents a method to show the contribution of words to model predictions. Specifically, this study considers information from classification weight vectors, semantic vectors, and embedded input word vectors for a more complete interpretation of detector LLM. Three word-level attributes (word length, part of speech and word meaning) are compared with the conclusions of existing literatures to verify our method. Visual samples and analysis process can be found at https://github.com/salixc/WCC-DekunChen.
Design of Security Chips in the IoT Ecosystem
Authors: Zhang Jiayi
Published: November 2023

With the rapid growth of IoT devices, security issues are becoming increasingly prominent. The main research object of this article is the Internet of Things security chip. In response to the difficulties faced by the current Internet of Things security and the importance of Internet of Things security, this article mainly introduces the basic design principles of Internet of Things security chips, and provides a detailed introduction to the structures and applications of three classic models: TEE, HSM, and TPM. In addition, comparative analysis was conducted on these models. IoT security is a highly challenging field that requires comprehensive consideration of security issues at different levels and stages. The IoT security chips play a crucial role in ensuring the security and data privacy of IoT devices. In the future, IoT security chips may be combined with emerging technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and quantum encryption to enhance security and credibility.
How to Set Reasonable Prices for Vegetable Products? A Comprehensive Model Study Based on Multiple Algorithms
Authors: Du Wenxuan , Zuo Yuzan
Published: November 2023

Due to the characteristics of a wide variety of vegetables, short shelf life, and early procurement, the formulation of vegetable category management strategies has always been a challenge for fresh supermarkets. This paper investigates the relationship between vegetable categories, individual product sales, and cost-based pricing. It formulates optimal replenishment and pricing strategies for vegetable categories and individual products in fresh supermarkets based on algorithms such as Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), simulated annealing, and regression trees. It also carefully considers the potential costs at various stages of the sales process in fresh supermarkets, making the model more applicable to real operational environments. This provides strong support for the formulation of replenishment and pricing strategies in category management for fresh supermarkets.
Subway Energy Consumption Prediction based on XGBoost Model
Authors: Ha Jinbing , Zhou Ziyi
Published: November 2023

In the process of urban rail transit operation and management, accurate prediction of subway energy consumption is beneficial for establishing a reasonable operational organization mode and evaluating energy efficiency. Due to the multitude of factors affecting train energy consumption, traditional mathematical regression methods struggle to guarantee predictive accuracy. Thus, a energy consumption prediction method based on XGBoost is proposed. To enhance model training efficiency and accuracy, the Lasso model is utilized for feature selection of subway energy consumption influencing factors. Additionally, the K-means++ algorithm is employed for clustering subway energy consumption. Using the operational energy consumption data of Qingdao Subway Line 3 as an example for validation, XGBoost algorithm is employed to predict subway energy consumption. The results are then compared with those of the SVR and LSTM algorithms using three evaluation metrics. It is found that the XGBoost algorithm provides predictions of subway energy consumption that are closer to the experimental values.
Pemberdayaan Bank Sampah Abukasa Di Desa Peguyangan
Authors: I Dewa Ayu Kristiantari  , I Dewa Ayu Eka Pertiwi  , Made Surya Pramana
Published: November 2023

Bank sampah bertujuan untuk berkontribusi dalam pengolahan sampah di Indonesia, untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan lingkungan yang sehat dan bersih, mengubah sampah menjadi sesuatu yang lebih berguna dalam masyarakat, atau dengan kata lain bank sampah merupakan suatu upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah dan sekaligus dalam upaya pelestarian lingkungan. Bank Sampah Abukasa adalah usaha pengelolaan sampah berbasis masyarakat yang terletak di Desa Peguyangan, Kecamatan Denpasar Utara, Kota Denpasar, Bali. Permasalahan yang dimiliki mitra adalah 1) belum memiliki pencatatan maupun pembukuan yang baik sehingga tidak dapat mengevaluasi perkembangan usaha 2) masih minimnya pengetahuan dan motivasi masyarakat bank sampah binaan mitra dalam memilah dan meningkatkan nilai ekonomis sampah yang berasal dari rumah tangga, 3) belum adanya manajemen aktivitas Bank Sampah yang baik sehingga menghambat operasional bank sampah. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa Bank Sampah Abukasa mengalami perubahan positif dalam pengelolaan usahanya antara lain: peningkatan pemahaman mitra dalam pengelolaan keuangan, pencatatan keuangan yang terstruktur dan terkomputerisasi, pengeloaan bank sampah yang semakin efisien dan efektif sebagai bukti pemberdayaan yang berhasil.
NEW GEOLOGICAL AND STRATIGRAPHICAL DATA AND DISCOVERY OF LOWER ORDOVICIAN ACRITARCHS IN THE SAN VITO SANDSTONE OF THE GENN'ARGIOLAS UNIT (SARRABUS, SOUTHEASTERN SARDINIA)
Authors: BARCA SEBASTIANO , DEL RIO MYRIAM , PITTAU DEMELIA PAOLA
Published: November 2023

The subject of this paper is new geological and stratigraphical data regarding the Paleozoic in the Sarrabus area (Southeastern Sardinia). More particularly Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician) acritarchs have been found in samples taken for microfossils research from the weakly metamorphosed terrigenous sediments of the San Vito Sandstone.

Until recently only acritarchs from the Middle and Upper Cambrian has been found in the San Vito Sandstone. This new finding provides a more precise dating of the San Vito Sandstone, a more exact correlation between this Sarrabus formation and analogous formations with acritarchs in Central- Eastern Sardinia and also further confirmation of the Intraordovician age of the Sarrabese Phase and of the corresponding Sardic Phase of Iglesiente-Sulcis area (Southwestern Sardinia).
GEOMETRIA E CARATTERI STRATIGRAFICI DELLA SEQUENZA CENOMANIANA NEL BACINO LOMBARDO (ALPI MERIDIONALI)
Authors: BERSEZIO RICCARDO , FORNACIARI MARIO
Published: November 2023

The Cenomanian Sequence in the area between the lakes of Lecco and Iseo (Lombardy Basin, Southern Alps) represents a depositional unit bounded by two main unconformities and relative conformities. The unconformities progressively develop from SW to NE, with hiatuses spanning in age the Early Cenomanian and the Late Cenomanian-Turonian respectively.

A complete section of the Cenomanian Sequence consists of Early Cenomanian red marls with pelagic turbidites and pebbly mudstones (Marne rosse) followed by two calcareous chaotic layers enclosing a succession of thin bedded, fine grained siliciclastic turbidites (Torbiditi Sottili), of Middle to Late Cenomanian age.

The association of chaotic layers with the enclosed wedge shaped body of turbidites and the development of unconformities towards the north, point out that the Cenomanian basin developed in a mobile area where deposition was controlled by sinsedimentary tectonics. Moreover, the Cenomanian basin is, so far, the youngest Cretaceous basin clearly documented in the Southern Alps, oriented east-west, therefore crosswise to the structures related to the Jurassic rifting. Stratigraphic data strongly suggest that the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the Cenomanian Lombardy Basin was generated by compression with the development of antiform structures.The sandstone unit pinches out towards the north and east, and thins more gradually towards the south. It represents a wedge shaped body, which parallels E-W paleocurrent trends and onlaps onto the northern margin of the Cenomanian basin. The two chaotic layers are basinally extended and show facies changes and thinning from north to south. They derived from sliding and slumping of the northern slope of the basin.
PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE TECTONICS AND LITHOTYPES OF THE "VERRUCANO S.L." IN THE MONTICIANO AREA (SOUTHERN TUSCANY, ITALY) AND THE FINDING OF FUSULINIDS WITHIN THE M.TE QUOIO FM. (VERRUCANO GROUP)
Authors: ENGELBRECHT H. , KLEMM D.D. , PASINI M.
Published: November 2023

Geology of an area in the western part of the Monticiano-Roccastrada Range is shown below. Two zones, separated by a normal fault, are distinguished. Upper "Verrucano", Tocchi Fm. and Calcare Cavernoso, building up the western zone, form upright and broad folds. The eastern zone, comprising the Risanguigno Fm. and the "Verrucano s.l." Group (Poggio al Carpino Fm., M.te Quoio Fm. , and Upper Verrucano), shows an east vergent, imbricated structure. In this zone, the Risanguigno Fm. seems to be conformly overlain by the Poggio al Carpino Fm.

Constituents and granulometry of a sample of polymict metaconglomerate of the M.te Quoio Fm. are described and two red limestone clasts (samples EH 82-06-1 and EH 82-06-11) have been found within the meta-conglomerates of the M.te Quoio Fm., containing two different bioassociations with fusulinids, Uppermost Carboniferous (Latest Gzhelian)-Early Permian (Asselian) and Early Permian respectively. Identified fusulinids from sample EH 82-06-1 belong to Pseudofusglina ascedens Rauser, Daixina ? sp., Eoparafusulina (E.) cf. ferganensis (Dutkevitch), E. (E.) parasolida (Bensh) and E. (E.) subcylindrica (Bensh) and to Staffella? spp., Schubertella kingi Dunbar & Skinner, Boultonia cf. willsi Lee and Pseudofusulina paragregaria Rauser in sample EH 82-06-11.

These fusulinid faunas recognized for the first time in the Apenninic sequences seem to be correlated with Alpine and Russian coeval assemblages and they seem to confirm the previous finding of Parafusulinae by Bodechtel (1964) from the Elba Island.
ASYMMETRIC CYCLES IN THE RHAETIC FACIES OF SOUTHERN ALPS: PLATFORM-BASIN INTERACTIONS GOVERNED BY EUSTATIC AND CLIMATIC OSCILLATIONS
Authors: MASETTI DANIELE , STEFANI MARCO , BURCHELL MARK
Published: November 2023

The Rhaetic facies, as developed in the Southern Alpine region of Italy, were deposited in a strongly subsiding, fault-dissected trough (the Lombardian Basin) bounded by carbonate platforms. The main part of the Rhaetic succession consists of decametric scale, stacked asymmetric cycles, each divided into three parts: a lower shale portion, a central rhytmic portion consisting of repeated marl-limestone couplets, the limestone part of which gradually thickens upward, and a wholly carbonate upper unit. A study of the diagenetic history demonstrates that these marl-limestone alternations are fundamentally depositional in origin. This decametric cyclicity is identified as deriving from the superposition of a lower frequency (period of about 100,000 years) asymmetric carbonate mud signal with a high frequency sinusoidal argillaceous mud signal. Evidence is produced indicating that the basinal carbonate mud is predominantly allochthonous in origin, having been derived from the adjacent carbonate platforms. The associated asymmetric carbonate signal was a response to eustatic fluctuations which affected the characteristics of the subtidal "carbonate factory" in the platformal areas. These fluctuations are indicated by the repeated direct subaerial exposure of subtidal muds in shallow areas. The basinward exportation of carbonate muds was negligible in the deepening phase, increased during the shallowing evolution and was finally stopped by the emersion of large platformal flats. In contrast, the higher frequency argillaceous mud signal was probably climatically modulated; fluctuations of a higher frequency than those defined in Milankovitch theory affected hinterland precipitation and run off. The rapid subsidence and depositional rates allowed the preservation of this effect.
APTIAN-ALBIAN CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE SCISTI A FUCOIDI CORED AT PIOBBICO (CENTRAL ITALY)
Authors: ERBA ELISABETTA
Published: November 2023

The Aptian-Albian Scisti a Fucoidi, widespread in the Umbrian-Marchean Basin (Central Italy), consist of a pelagic cyclic varicolored sequence of marls, marly limestones and "black shales". A core was drilled through this formation at Piobbico (Marche) and a detailed biostratigraphic investigation based on calcareous nannofossils was undertaken.
HEIDBERGELLA RHINOCEROS SP. N., A POTENTIAL NEW BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC MARKER FROM LATE APTIAN-EARLY ALBIAN MARNE A FUCOIDI (CENTRAL ITALY)
Authors: COCCIONI RODOLFO , COCON FRANCESCO
Published: November 2023

A new planktonic foraminiferal species, Hedbergella rhinoceros, from the Late Aptian to the Early Albian sediments of the Marne a Fucoidi formation (Umbro —Marchean Apennines, central Italy) is described and illustrated.
LACUNA STRATIGRAFICA TRA LE FORMAZIONI DI RANZANO E DI ANTOGNOLA NELLE ZONE DI ROTEGLIA E MONTEBARANZONE (APPENNINO REGGIANO E MODENESE)
Authors: FREGNI PAOLA , PANINI FILIPPO
Published: November 2023

The Monte Piano — Blsmantova sequence (Middle Eocene — Late Miocene) in the Northern Apenmnes represents a new sedimentary cycle after the tectonic phase of the Early—Middle Eocene. This phase principally affected the structural Units of Ligurian domain. This sedimentary sequence (the postorogenic Ligurian Sequence), shows evidence of the progression of the Apennine orogenesis mainly through the development of unconformities of regional extension. In fact, this new sedimentary cycle began after the definitive closure of the Ligurian ocean (Oceanic stage) and sedimentation continued durIng the subsequent development of a collisional margin (Ensialic stage) between the European and African Adriatic plates.

The stratigraphic and structural features of the Apenmne margin between Tresinaro Valley and Lavino Valley are described brteflv in this paper. Moreover, the contact between the Ranzano Formation and the Antognola Formation, parts of the postorogenic Ligurian Sequence, is discussed in terms of the micropaleontologica] data obtained from three stratigraphical sections situated In the lower valley of the Secchia River. The contact coincides with an unconformity that is marked by a biostratigraphical hiatus.

In fact, foraminifera] associations indicate that the top of the Ranzano Formation is attributable to Zone PI 8 (Lower Oligocene) and that the base of the Antognola Formation is already attributable to Zone P 21 (Upper Oligocene). There was no evidence of the presence of Zone PI 9/20. The chronological range of the hiatus is estimated as 2.4 to 1 0 Ma, depending upon the chronological scale adopted and the exact position of the "top" of the Ranzano Formation and the base of the Antognola Formation.

On the basis of the stratigraphic relations existing among the various units of the postorogenic Ligurian Sequence outcropping in the studied area and on the basis of the data collected on the contact between the Ranzano Formation and Antognola Formation, it is clear that the hiatus is attributable to submarine erosion of a part of the turbiditic deposits of the Ranzano Formation, which are affected by pronounced tectono—sedimentary phenomena. The tectonic movements developed in the Ligurian domain in a per10d preceding the deposition of the Antognola Formation. They are thus contemporary with the beginning of the deposition of the Macigno in the Tuscan paleogeographical domain.
DONNÉES NOUVELLES SUR LA STRATIGRAPHIE ET LA MICROPALÉONTOLOGIE DES SÉRIES CARBONATÉES DE TALUS ET DE BASSIN DU CRÉTACÉ INFÉRIEUR DU GARGANO (ITALIE MÉRIDIONALE)
Authors: LUPERTO SINNI ELENA , MASSE JEAN-PIERRE
Published: November 2023

The stratigraphic revislon of the Iower Cretaceous successions from the Gargano peninsula provides new lithostratigraphic data ; two formations could be distinguished: the Vico del Gargano Limestones and the Mattinata Limestones corresponding to basin and talus deposits respectively. New micropaleontological data are given concerning the definition and the boundaries of Berriasian p.p. Valanginian p.p. The Aptian is well characterized and the substages Bedoulian, Gargasian and ClansayeSian are clearly separated by mean of significant foraminiferal assemblages, especially in the talus sedimentary successions. Hauterivian—Barremian p.p. and Albian intervals are poorly defined. From a sedimentological point of view basin and talus successions are clearly differentiated. These data will be used for further paleogeographic reconstructions.
FIRST RECORD OF TRIASSIC DINOSAUR FOOTPRINTS FROM THE LOWER SANDSTONE UNIT OF KERSA AREA, EASTERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: ASSEFA GETANEH
Published: November 2023

Dinosaur footprints are described from the Lower Sandstone Unit of Kersa area, eastern Ethiopia. These are thought to belong to an early branch of theropods, and reported for the first time from Ethiopia. The evidence supports a Late Triassic age for the Lower Sandstone Unit in eastern Ethiopia and also throws light on its probable depositional environment.
PALAEONTOLOGY, AGE, PALAEOENVIRONMENT AND PALAEOECOLOGY OF THE KAREWA INTERMONTANE BASIN OF KASHMIR (J&K, INDIA)
Authors: GAUR RAJAN , KOTLIA B.S.
Published: November 2023

A rich assemblage of vertebrate fossils, especially fish and mammals, has been recovered from the Plio—Pleistocene Karewa deposits of Kashmir (J & K, India). Microtine rodents and insectivores, including some new taxa and first reports, form the most significant component of the assemblage. The Karewa vertebrate palaeontology is correlated with the magnetic polarity time scale. The Plio—Pleistocene boundary in Karewas is marked by the appearance of microtine rodents. The fossil assemblage is an admixture of high altitude and Iow altitude fauna. The fauna indicates the occurrence of a mosaic of dominant grassland and wooded grassland with some bush cover and wooded areas. A dominant lacustrine with some glacio—fluvial and aeolian environments are indicated for the Karewa sediments.
FORAMINIFERI PLEISTOCENICI ED INTERPRETAZIONI PALEOAMBIENTALI IN UN AFFIORAMENTO DELLA SICILIA NORD-ORIENTALE (ROMETTA, MESSINA)
Authors: VIOLANTI DONATA , BONFIGLIO LAURA , SACCÀ DOMENICA
Published: November 2023

The foraminiferal assemblages of clayey marls from Rometta (Messina, Sicily) are here quantitatively analyzed. The sediments are Early Pleistocene in age. The planktonic climatic curve shows that the deposition of marls occurred during intervals alternatively characterized by cold and warm water temperatures.

Benthic assemblages testify a sedimentation depth of about —700 m, in the upper epibathyal zone. In order to evaluate the paleoenvironmental significance of benthic Foraminifera the following parameters were considered

Some benthic taxa seem to be quantitatively controlled by different paleoenvironmental factors: a) by grain size of sediments as Eponides turgidus, Gyroidinoides neosoldanii, G. laevigatus, frequent in clayey samples or as Trifarina angulosa, agglutinated forms, miliolids, common In sandy samples; b) by climatic changes as Bolivina pygmaea, abundant in cold Intervals or as Hoeglundina elegans more common in warm intervals.a) Faunal Density (B Foraminiferal Number), expressed by the number of benthic specimens per gram of sediment in each sample; b) Specific Diversity or Diversity Index, expressed by the number of specimens per number of species in each sample; c) Degree of Specialization, expressed by the total per centages of the five more abundant species in each sample.

It seems possible to suggest an uplift rate of the area of 1 .4—1 .6 m/ 1000 y since the deposition of the Rometta marls.
NUOVI ELEMENTI FAUNISTICI E STRATIGRAFICI DEL PLEISTOCENE SUPERIORE DEI NEBRODI (SICILIA NORD-ORIENTALE)
Authors: BONFIGLIO LAURA
Published: November 2023

A new deposit of gravels containing Pleistocene mammal remains mostly belonging to Hippopotamus sp., but also with remains of some other mammals (Elephas sp., Ursus sp.) has been located at Rocca Scodonì near Torrenova, in the province of Messina (Sicily). The new deposit may be compared with that of the S. Teodoro cave near Acquedolci, which was already known in the literature. The location, the elevation above present sea level, the facies and faunal association are closely similar. Like the deposit of the S. Teodoro cave, the deposit of Rocca Scodonì belongs to a coastal plain now elevated at the altitude of 60—130 m a.s.l., overlying an abrasion terrace which can be referred to the Eutyrrhenian cycle. The facies of deposits show that the morphological terrace which is now elevated at the altitude of 60—130 m a.s.l. and extends along Ionian and Tyrrhenian sides of North—Eastern Sicily, was built up with deposits of different ages and environments, which are connected to the interaction between Pleistocene uplift of the region and three marine transgressions. The size of skeletal elements of Hippopotamus sp. appears to be very near to that of the mainland species H. amphibius. The new deposit shows that other mammal remains can probablv be found in the future along the northern slopes of carbonate massifs present in the area of Rocca Scodonì—S. Teodoro cave.
ON A SKULL OF A SIRENIAN FROM THE EARLY PLIOCENE OF SIENA, TUSCANY
Authors: CANOCCHI DANIELA
Published: November 2023

A fine skull of a sirenian from Early Pliocene littoral sands with Late Ruscinian terrestrial mammals near Siena is referred to Metaxitherium gervaisi (Capellini, 1872); it provides detailed information on the characters of this species, which was originally based on more fragmentary material. Comparison with other species shows that sirenians of southern France and Italy represent a chronocline characterised by a progressive increase in size, from the Early Ruscinian M. serresi, the smallest species, through M. gervaisi to the large M. forestii, of Late Pliocene age. In southern Europe sirenians are not recorded after the end of the Pliocene,
EVOLUTION OF THE TETHYS HIMALAYA CONTINENTAL SHELF DURING MAASTRICHTIAN TO PALEOCENE (ZANSKAR, INDIA)
Authors: NICORA ALDA , GARZANTI EDUARDO , FOIS ELISABETTA
Published: November 2023

The results of several—year stratigraphic researches on the Northwestern Himalaya Late Cretaceous—Early Tertiary succession are here presented. New biostratigraphic data allowed to recognize several benthic foraminiferal assemblages in five measured stratigraphic sections and to reconsider the position of the Cretaceous—Tertiary boundary. Refined chronostratigraphic calibration and assessment of sedimentation rates were obtained through correlation between benthic and planktonic biozones. Petrographical analysis of sandstones allowed to tentatively put forward a sedimentological model, to give rough estimates for temperatures of anchimetamorphic deformation in the different thrust sheets of the Tethys Himalaya zone and to shed new light on the genesis of superstable and supermature quartzarenites. Integrated sedimentological—petrographical studies allowed to distinguish at least three depositional sequences separated by major unconformities in the previously undifferentiated succession, and to put further constraints to the dating of the India—Asia collision.
FLUTTUAZIONI CLIMATICHE DURANTE IL QUATERNARIO NEL MAR TIRRENO, MEDITERRANEO OCCIDENTALE (CAROTA PC-19 BAN 80)
Authors: VIOLANTI DONATA , PARISI ELISABETTA , ERBA ELISABETTA
Published: November 2023

Core PC—19, recovered from the central Tyrrhenian Sea (Western Mediterranean) during cruise BAN 80, was investigated with micropaleontological and stable isotopic techniques.  The time interval spans from Late Pleistocene to Holocene; the biostratigraphic framework was provided by calcareous nannofossils. Two biozones (Emiliania huxleyi and E. huxleyi Acme Zones) and two distinct biohorizons (the Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica/E. huxleyi abundance reversal and the beginning of E. huxleyi Acme) were recognized.

Calcareous nannofossils confirmed to be excellent indicators of surface water mass temperatures: two warrn and five cold episodes and five low—salinity events were pointed out.

Planktonic foraminifera were quantitatively analyzed: large fluctuations in abundance were pointed out and a climatic curve was constructed. Data regarding changes of deep water assemblages were provided by benthic foraminifera. Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition was measured on tests of Globigerina bulloides or Globigerinoides ruber; isotopic curves were correlated with the faunal climatic one and plotted against the biostratigraphic framework. Isotopic stages 3 and 5 and substages 5a and 5e could be identified whereas stage 1 was recognized only partially. Climatic zones W, X, Y and Z could be tentatively identified. 

The paleoceanographic changes evidenced by the present study are consistent with those known. for the eastern Mediterranean: thus Quaternary paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic signals had a large significance at least at regional scale.