bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High doses of enteral docosahexaenoic acid omega-3 supplementation for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marc Isabelle , Boutin Amélie , Pronovost Etienne , Guillot Mireille , Bergeron Frédéric , Moore Lynne , Makrides Maria
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in the neonatal period has been proposed to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very preterm infants. We aim to determine the effects of an enteral supplementation with high doses of DHA on the risk for BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA) in very preterm infants born less than 29 weeks’ gestation compared with a control.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, MedRxiv, ClinicalTrials.gov (up to 1 November 2021) as well as reference lists and citations of included articles and previous reviews. RCTs targeting infants born less than 29 weeks’ gestation and evaluating the effect of high doses of DHA enteral supplementation in the neonatal period compared with a control will be eligible. Primary outcome will be BPD defined as the need for oxygen and/or ventilation at 36 weeks’ PMA. Two authors will independently screen for inclusion, extract data and assess data quality using the Cochrane instrument (risk-of-bias tool 2.0). We will perform meta-analysis using random effects models. Prespecified subgroup analyses are planned for the infant gestational age and sex, the marine source of DHA, mode of administration and duration of exposure. Sensitivity analysis will be performed according to the accuracy of the BPD definition (ie, physiological definition) and according to the risk of bias of the RCTs.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis does not require ethics approval, as no primary data are collected. This study will assess the effectiveness of high doses of enteral DHA supplementation on BPD and provide evidence to clinicians and families for decision-making. Findings will be disseminated through conferences, media interviews and publications to peer review journals.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021286705.
Defining invasion in breast cancer: the role of basement membrane
Authors: Ghannam Suzan F , Rutland Catrin Sian , Allegrucci Cinzia , Mongan Nigel P , Rakha Emad
Published: October 2022

Basement membrane (BM) is an amorphous, sheet-like structure separating the epithelium from the stroma. BM is characterised by a complex structure comprising collagenous and non-collagenous proteoglycans and glycoproteins. In the breast, the thickness, density and composition of the BM around the ductal lobular system vary during differing development stages. In pathological conditions, the BM provides a physical barrier that separates proliferating intraductal epithelial cells from the surrounding stroma, and its absence or breach in malignant lesions is a hallmark of invasion and metastases. Currently, diagnostic services often use special stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify the BM in order to distinguish in situ from invasive lesions. However, distinguishing BM on stained sections, and differentiating the native BM from the reactive capsule or BM-like material surrounding some invasive malignant breast tumours is challenging. Although diagnostic use of the BM is being replaced by myoepithelial cell IHC markers, BM is considered by many to be a useful marker to distinguish in situ from invasive lesions in ambiguous cases. In this review, the structure, function and biological and clinical significance of the BM are discussed in relation to the various breast lesions with emphasis on how to distinguish the native BM from alternative pathological tissue mimicking its histology.
Immunosuppressive lncRNA LINC00624 promotes tumor progression and therapy resistance through ADAR1 stabilization
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xiu Bingqiu , Zhang Liyi , Chen Ming , Chi Weiru , Li Lun , Guo Rong , Xue Jingyan , Yang Benlong , Huang Xiaoyan , Shao Zhi-Ming , Huang Shenglin , Chi Yayun , Wu Jiong
Published: October 2022

Background

Despite the success of HER2-targeted therapy in achieving prolonged survival in approximately 50% of treated individuals, treatment resistance is still an important challenge for HER2+ breast cancer (BC) patients. The influence of both adaptive and innate immune responses on the therapeutic outcomes of HER2+BC patients has been extensively demonstrated.

Methods

Long non-coding RNAs expressed in non-pathological complete response (pCR) HER2 positive BC were screened and validated by RNA-seq. Survival analysis were made by Kaplan-Meier method. Cell death assay and proliferation assay were performed to confirm the phenotype of LINC00624. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to assay the IFN response. Xenograft mouse model were used for in vivo confirmation of anti-neu treatment resistance. RNA pull-down and immunoblot were used to confirm the interaction of ADAR1 and LINC00624. ADAR1 recombinant protein were purified from baculovirus expression system. B16-OVA cells were used to study antigen presentation both in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry was used to determine the tumor infiltrated immune cells of xenograft model. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) were used for in vivo treatment.

Results

In this study, we found that LINC00624 blocked the antitumor effect of HER2- targeted therapy both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting type I interferon (IFN) pathway activation. The double-stranded RNA-like structure of LINC00624 can bind and be edited by the adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA-editing enzyme adenosine deaminase RNA specific 1 (ADAR1), and this editing has been shown to release the growth inhibition and attenuate the innate immune response caused by the IFN response. Notably, LINC00624 promoted the stabilization of ADAR1 by inhibiting its ubiquitination-induced degradation triggered by β-TrCP. In contrast, LINC00624 inhibited major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation and limited CD8+T cell infiltration in the cancer microenvironment, resulting in immune checkpoint blockade inhibition and anti-HER2 treatment resistance mediated through ADAR1.

Conclusions

In summary, these results suggest that LINC00624 is a cancer immunosuppressive lncRNA and targeting LINC00624 through ASOs in tumors expressing high levels of LINC00624 has great therapeutic potential in future clinical applications.
IgE type multiple myeloma exhibits hypermutated phenotype and tumor reactive T cells
Authors: Kehl Niklas , Kilian Michael , Michel Julius , Wagner Tim R , Uhrig Sebastian , Brobeil Alexander , Sester Lilli-Sophie , Blobner Sven , Steiger Simon , Hundemer Michael , Weinhold Niels , Rippe Karsten , Fröhling Stefan , Eichmüller Stefan B , Bunse Lukas , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Platten Michael , Raab Marc-Steffen , Friedrich Mirco J
Published: October 2022

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy originating from malignant and clonally expanding plasma cells. MM can be molecularly stratified, and its clonal evolution deciphered based on the Ig heavy and light chains of the respective malignant plasma cell clone. Of all MM subtypes, IgE type MM accounts for only <0.1% of cases and is associated with an aggressive clinical course and consequentially dismal prognosis. In such malignancies, adoptive transfer of autologous lymphocytes specifically targeting presented (neo)epitopes encoded by either somatically mutated or specifically overexpressed genes has resulted in substantial objective clinical regressions even in relapsed/refractory disease. However, there are no data on the genetic and immunological characteristics of this rare and aggressive entity. Here, we comprehensively profiled IgE type kappa MM on a genomic and immune repertoire level by integrating DNA- and single-cell RNA sequencing and comparative profiling against non-IgE type MM samples. We demonstrate distinct pathophysiological mechanisms as well as novel opportunities for targeting IgE type MM. Our data further provides the rationale for patient-individualized neoepitope-targeting cell therapy in high tumor mutation burden MM.
Increased all-cause mortality following occupational injury: a comparison of two states
Authors: Boden Leslie I , Asfaw Abay , Busey Andrew , Tripodis Yorghos , O'Leary Paul K , Applebaum Katie M , Stokes Andrew C , Fox Matthew P
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To measure the impact of lost-time occupational injuries on all-cause mortality in Washington State and, using the same data elements and study design, to determine whether the estimated impact was similar to previous estimates for New Mexico.

Methods

We linked injuries in the Washington workers’ compensation system with Social Security Administration data on earnings and mortality. We estimated Cox survival models of mortality for women and men with lost-time compared with medical-only injuries, adjusting for age, pre-injury earnings and industry. We used quantitative bias analysis to account for confounding by pre-injury smoking and obesity.

Results

The estimated mortality HR was 1.24 for women (95% CI 1.21 to 1.28) and 1.22 for men (95% CI 1.20 to 1.24). After adjusting for unmeasured pre-injury smoking and obesity, the estimated HR for women was 1.10, 95% simulation interval (SI) 1.00 to 1.21; for men, it was 1.15, 95% SI 1.04 to 1.27.

Conclusions

All-cause mortality for Washington workers with lost-time injuries was higher than for those with medical-only injuries. Estimated HRs for Washington were consistent with those previously estimated for New Mexico, a less populous state with lower median wages and a different workers’ compensation insurance mechanism. This suggests that the relationship between workplace injury and long-term mortality may be generalisable to other US states. These findings support greater efforts to enhance safety and to investigate factors that improve postinjury employment opportunities and long-term health. This association should be examined in additional locations, with different study conditions, or using additional data on pre-injury risk factors.
Benefits of support groups for patients living with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sanders Katie H , Chousou Panagiota Anna , Carver Kathryn , Pugh Peter J , Degens Hans , Azzawi May
Published: October 2022

Background

Patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) experience anxiety, depression and reduced quality of life (QoL).

Objectives

This mixed-methods systematic review evaluates whether ICD support groups have a beneficial effect on mental well-being.

Methods

Literature searches were carried out in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Eligible studies investigated patient-led support groups for ICD patients aged 18 years or older, using any quantitative or qualitative design. The Mixed-Methods Assessment Tool was used to assess quality. Meta-analysis of measures of mental well-being was conducted. Thematic synthesis was used to generate analytic themes from the qualitative data. The data were integrated and presented using the Pillar Integration Process.

Results

Ten studies were included in this review. All studies bar one were non-randomised or had a qualitative design and patients had self-selected to attend a support group. Five contributed to the quantitative data synthesis and seven to the qualitative synthesis. Meta-analysis of anxiety and QoL measures showed no significant impact of support groups on mental well-being, but qualitative data showed that patients perceived benefit from attendance through sharing experiences and acceptance of life with an ICD.

Discussion

ICD support group attendance improved the patients’ perceived well-being. Attendees value the opportunity to share their experiences which helps to accept their new life with an ICD. Future research could consider outcomes such as patient acceptance and the role of healthcare professionals at support groups.
The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX): 30 years of research on tundra ecosystems
Authors: Henry Greg H.R. , Hollister Robert D. , Klanderud Kari , Björk Robert G. , Bjorkman Anne D. , Elphinstone Cassandra , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg Svala , Molau Ulf , Petraglia Alessandro , Oberbauer Steven F. , Rixen Christian , Wookey Philip A.
Published: October 2022

The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) was founded in 1990 as a network of scientists studying responses of tundra ecosystems to ambient and experimental climate change at Arctic and alpine sites across the globe. Common measurement and experimental design protocols have facilitated synthesis of results across sites to gain biome-wide insights of climate change impacts on tundra. This special issue presents results from more than 30 years of ITEX research. The importance of snow regimes, bryophytes, and herbivory are highlighted, with new protocols and studies proposed. The increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme climate events is shown to have strong effects on plant reproduction. The most consistent plant trait response across sites is an increase in vegetation height, especially for shrubs. This will affect surface energy balance, carbon and nutrient dynamics and trophic level interactions. Common garden studies show adaptation responses in tundra species to climate change but they are species and regionally specific. Recommendations are made including establishing sites near northern communities to increase reciprocal engagement with local knowledge holders and establishing multi-factor experiments. The success of ITEX is based on collegial cooperation among researchers and the network remains focused on documenting and understanding impacts of environmental change on tundra ecosystems.
The shear viscosity of parton matter under anisotropic scatterings
Authors: MacKay Noah M. , Lin Zi-Wei
Published: October 2022

The shear viscosity $$\eta $$
η
of a quark–gluon plasma in equilibrium can be calculated analytically using multiple methods or numerically using the Green–Kubo relation. It has been realized, which we confirm here, that the Chapman–Enskog method agrees well with the Green–Kubo result for both isotropic and anisotropic two-body scatterings. We then apply the Chapman–Enskog method to study the shear viscosity of the parton matter from a multi-phase transport model. In particular, we study the parton matter in the center cell of central and midcentral Au + Au collisions at 200A GeV and Pb + Pb collisions at 2760A GeV, which is assumed to be a plasma in thermal equilibrium but partial chemical equilibrium. As a result of using a constant Debye mass or cross section $$\sigma $$
σ
for parton scatterings, the $$\eta /s$$

η
/
s

ratio increases with time (as the effective temperature decreases), contrary to the trend preferred by Bayesian analysis of the experimental data or pQCD results that use temperature-dependent Debye masses. At $$\sigma =3$$

σ
=
3

mb that enables the transport model to approximately reproduce the elliptic flow data of the bulk matter, the average $$\eta /s$$

η
/
s

of the parton matter in partial equilibrium is found to be very small, between one to two times $$1/(4\pi )$$

1
/
(
4
π
)

.
Swelling of Multilayered Calcium Alginate Microspheres for Drug-Loaded Dressing Induced Rapid Lidocaine Release for Better Pain Control
Authors: Ma Rong-Rong , Xu Hui-Xian , Ni Li , Xiong Jia-Min , Chen Yi-Lin , He Jia-Yuan , Li Qin , Yang Li-Li , Zhou Lian-Di , Zhang Qi-Hui , Luo Ling
Published: October 2022

The development of effective drug-loaded dressings has been considered a hot research topic for biomedical therapeutics, including the use of botanical compounds. For wound healing, adequate dressings can provide a good microenvironment for drug release, such as lidocaine. Biological macromolecular materials such as alginate show excellent properties in wound management. This study involves the preparation and evaluation of biocompatible multilayered-structure microspheres composed of chitosan, porous gelatin, and calcium alginate microspheres. The multilayered structure microspheres were named chitosan@ porous gelatin@ calcium alginate microspheres (CPAMs) and the drugs were rapidly released by the volume expansion of the calcium alginate microspheres. The in vitro release curve revealed that the peak release of lidocaine from CPAMs was reached within 18[Formula: see text]min. After 21[Formula: see text]min, the remaining lidocaine was then slowly released, and the active drug release was converted to a passive drug release phase. The initial release effect of lidocaine was much better than that reported in the published studies. Additionally, blood coagulation experiments showed that CPAMs coagulated blood in 60[Formula: see text]s, and the blood liquidity of the CPAMs group was worse than that of the woundplast group. Therefore, the coagulation characteristics of CPAMs were superior to the commonly used woundplast containing lidocaine healing gel. These study outcomes indicated that the CPAMs acted as fast-release dressings for faster pain control and better coagulation properties.
Visean high-K mafic–intermediate plutonic rocks of the Ossa–Morena Zone (SW Iberia): implications for regional extensional tectonics
Authors: Pereira M. Francisco , Dias da Silva Ícaro , Rodríguez Cármen , Corfu Fernando , Castro António
Published: October 2022

Field relationships and new U–Pb geochronology data indicate a temporal link between the diverse high-K mafic–intermediate magmas of the Ossa–Morena Zone (OMZ). Ages of
c.
338–335 Ma for the Vale de Maceiras gabbro and the Campo Maior microdiorite and quartz-diorite indicate that plutonism took place during a Variscan extensional D
2
deformation event in the OMZ. The syntectonic nature of the Vale de Maceiras pluton is attested to by the orientation of intrusive contacts, magmatic foliation and the growth of contact metamorphic minerals in relation to the Variscan extensional D
2
foliation. The Campo Maior microdiorite, quartz-diorite and orthomigmatites are temporally linked to high-temperature mylonitic gneisses formed simultaneously with the Variscan extensional D
2
deformation event. The geochemical features of the Vale de Maceiras and Campo Maior mafic–intermediate rocks show an affinity with the sanukitoid series. This finding suggests that the observed geochemical variability, from tholeiitic to calc-alkaline and sanukitoid, in the Visean OMZ plutonic rocks (
c.
349–335 Ma) may have been inherited from partially melted mantle domains that were previously contaminated by crustal melts during subduction.
Palinspastic restoration of Variscan oroclines – implications for dextral transpression and terrane affinities
Authors: Hynes Andrew , Johnston Stephen
Published: October 2022

The Paleozoic Variscan orogen in Europe has a markedly circuitous trace for which several different origins have been postulated, including deformation around promontories on the colliding continental margins, extrusion within the collision zone, folding of a ribbon continent and collision with a substantial dextral component. Adopting the latter assumption, unfolding of the large, steeply plunging folds (‘oroclines’) of Iberia and the Moroccan Meseta requires more than 4000 km of dextral lateral translation of Laurussia with respect to Gondwana. Constraints on the age of the folding require that this lateral translation occurred in mid-late Carboniferous time. Significant dextral translation of Laurussia with respect to Gondwana late in the Variscan collision is supported by palaeomagnetic data for the two supercontinents, although the exact timing of this relative motion is not well constrained due to large uncertainties in the palaeomagnetic pole positions. Our palinspastic reconstruction of the major Variscan folds of Iberia places the rocks of the South Portuguese Zone of western Iberia adjacent to the Rhenish Massif; for instance, as part of Avalonia. By the same token, the Sehoul Block in the Moroccan Meseta probably originated at the western end of Cadomia, although nothing in our analysis precludes it also being derived from Avalonia.
Uncovering the Local Hidden Community Structure in Social Networks
Authors: Wang Meng , Li Boyu , He Kun , Hopcroft John
Published: October 2022

Hidden community is a useful concept proposed recently for social network analysis. Hidden communities indicate some weak communities whose most members also belong to other stronger dominant communities. Dominant communities could form a layer that partitions all the individuals of a network, and hidden communities could form other layer(s) underneath. These layers could be natural structures in the real-world networks like students grouped by major, minor, hometown, and so on. To handle the rapid growth of network scale, in this work, we explore the detection of hidden communities from the local perspective, and propose a new method that detects and boosts each layer iteratively on a subgraph sampled from the original network. We first expand the seed set from a single seed node based on our modified local spectral method and detect an initial dominant local community. Then we temporarily remove the members of this community as well as their connections to other nodes, and detect all the neighborhood communities in the remaining subgraph, including some “broken communities” that only contain a fraction of members in the original network. The local community and neighborhood communities form a dominant layer, and by reducing the edge weights inside these communities, we weaken this layer’s structure to reveal the hidden layers. Eventually, we repeat the whole process, and all communities containing the seed node can be detected and boosted iteratively. We theoretically show that our method can avoid some situations that a broken community and the local community are regarded as one community in the subgraph, leading to the inaccuracy of detection which can be caused by global hidden community detection methods. Extensive experiments show that our method could significantly outperform the state-of-the-art baselines designed for either global hidden community detection or multiple local community detection.
The Power of Selecting Key Blocks with Local Pre-ranking for Long Document Information Retrieval
Authors: Li Minghan , Popa Diana Nicoleta , Chagnon Johan , Cinar Yagmur Gizem , Gaussier Eric
Published: October 2022

On a wide range of natural language processing and information retrieval tasks, transformer-based models, particularly pre-trained language models like BERT, have demonstrated tremendous effectiveness. Due to the quadratic complexity of the self-attention mechanism, however, such models have difficulties processing long documents. Recent works dealing with this issue include truncating long documents, in which case one loses potential relevant information, segmenting them into several passages, which may lead to miss some information and high computational complexity when the number of passages is large, or modifying the self-attention mechanism to make it sparser as in sparse-attention models, at the risk again of missing some information. We follow here a slightly different approach in which one first selects key blocks of a long document by local query-block pre-ranking, and then few blocks are aggregated to form a short document that can be processed by a model such as BERT. Experiments conducted on standard Information Retrieval datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Shepherding Sub-Saharan Africa's Wildlife Through Peak Anthropogenic Pressure Toward a Green Anthropocene
Authors: Lindsey P.A. , Anderson S.H. , Dickman A. , Gandiwa P. , Harper S. , Morakinyo A.B. , Nyambe N. , O'Brien-Onyeka M. , Packer C. , Parker A.H. , Robson A.S. , Ruhweza Alice , Sogbohossou E.A. , Steiner K.W. , Tumenta P.N.
Published: October 2022

Sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA's) iconic biodiversity is of immense potential global value but is jeopardized by increasing anthropogenic pressures. Elevated consumption in wealthier countries and the demands of international corporations manifest in significant resource extraction from SSA. Biodiversity in SSA also faces increasing domestic pressures, including rapidly growing human populations. The demographic transition to lower fertility rates is occurring later and slower in SSA than elsewhere, and the continent's human population may quadruple by 2100. SSA's biodiversity will therefore pass through a bottleneck of growing anthropogenic pressures, while also experiencing intensifying effects of climate change. SSA's biodiversity could be severely diminished over the coming decades and numerous species pushed to extinction. However, the prospects for nature conservation in SSA should improve in the long term, and we predict that the region will eventually enter a Green Anthropocene. Here, we outline critical steps needed to shepherd SSA's biodiversity into the Green Anthropocene epoch.
E-cigarette aerosol impairs male mouse skeletal muscle force development and prevents recovery from injury
Authors: Nogueira Leonardo , Zemljic-Harpf Alice E. , Yusufi Raihana , Ranjbar Maryam , Susanto Christopher , Tang Kechun , Mahata Sushil K. , Jennings Patricia A. , Breen Ellen C.
Published: October 2022

To date, there has been a lag between the rise in E-cigarette use and an understanding of the long-term health effects. Inhalation of E-cigarette aerosol delivers high doses of nicotine, raises systemic cytokine levels, and compromises cardiopulmonary function. The consequences for muscle function have not been thoroughly investigated. The present study tests the hypothesis that exposure to nicotine-containing aerosol impairs locomotor muscle function, limits exercise tolerance, and interferes with muscle repair in male mice. Nicotine-containing aerosol reduced the maximal force produced by the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) by 30%–40% and, the speed achieved in treadmill running by 8%. Nicotine aerosol exposure also decreased adrenal and increased plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, and these changes in catecholamines manifested as increased muscle and liver glycogen stores. In nicotine aerosol exposed mice, muscle regenerating from overuse injury only recovered force to 80% of noninjured levels. However, the structure of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) was not affected by e-cigarette aerosols. Interestingly, the vehicle used to dissolve nicotine in these vaping devices, polyethylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG), decreased running speed by 11% and prevented full recovery from a lengthening contraction protocol (LCP) injury. In both types of aerosol exposures, cardiac left ventricular systolic function was preserved, but left ventricular myocardial relaxation was altered. These data suggest that E-cigarette use may have a negative impact on muscle force and regeneration due to compromised glucose metabolism and contractile function in male mice.
Functions of Heparin Sodium Injection in the Prevention of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Related Venous Thrombosis in NSCLC Patients during Postoperative Chemotherapy
Authors: Li Shanquan , Lu Hong
Published: October 2022

Objective. This study intended to analyze hazardous factors of venous thrombosis by comparing the effect of different doses of heparin sodium injection on the incidence rate of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related venous thrombosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients during postoperative chemotherapy. Methods. 425 NSCLC patients who received PICC catheterization in Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Hospital from July 2019 to July 2021 were collected. Based on their different pathological types, patients were given two different chemotherapy regimens: pemetrexed+cisplatin or paclitaxel+cisplatin. Patients were grouped according to the different doses of heparin sodium injection adopted. Control group (

n
=
140

). Catheters were sealed with 10 mL saline only. Group I (

n
=
142

). In addition to routine maintenance with normal saline, 2 mL of 10 IU/mL heparin sodium injection was sealed in the catheters under positive pressure every time after catheterization. Group II (

n
=
143

). In addition to routine maintenance with normal saline, 5 mL of 10 IU/mL heparin sodium injection was sealed in the same manner as Group I. The baseline characteristics of the three groups of patients were compared by statistical means. Doppler ultrasonography was applied to check the venous thrombosis. The hazardous factors of venous thrombosis were analyzed through correlation analysis and binary logistic regression method. Results. The incidence rates of thrombosis in the control group, Group I, and Group II were 20.00%, 7.04%, and 2.09%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (

P
<
0.01

). Additionally, through the collinear correlation analysis of baseline characteristics, a significant correlation between the dosage of heparin sodium injection and the incidence of thrombosis was observed (

P
<
0.05

), but there were no significant differences between other baseline data and the incidence of thrombosis (

P
>
0.05

). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that postoperative use of heparin sodium injection (Group I:

OR
=
0.312

;

P
=
0.003

; Group II:

OR
=
0.082

,

P
<
0.001

) was a protective factor for preventing thrombosis. In addition, the thromboprophylaxis effect of Group II was better than that of Group I. No serious adverse reactions were found in safety analysis. Conclusion. Heparin sodium could significantly lower the incidence rate of PICC-related venous thrombosis in NSCLC patients during postoperative chemotherapy. Heparin sodium injection is safe enough to be promoted among PICC patients with a high risk of venous thrombosis.
A Machine Learning Applied Diagnosis Method for Subcutaneous Cyst by Ultrasonography
Authors: Feng Hao , Tang Qian , Yu Zhengyu , Tang Hua , Yin Ming , Wei An
Published: October 2022

For decades, ultrasound images have been widely used in the detection of various diseases due to their high security and efficiency. However, reading ultrasound images requires years of experience and training. In order to support the diagnosis of clinicians and reduce the workload of doctors, many ultrasonic computer aided diagnostic systems have been proposed. In recent years, the success of deep learning in image classification and segmentation has made more and more scholars realize the potential performance improvement brought by the application of deep learning in ultrasonic computer-aided diagnosis systems. This study is aimed at applying several machine learning algorithms and develop a machine learning method to diagnose subcutaneous cyst. Clinical features are extracted from datasets and images of ultrasonography of 132 patients from Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital in China. All datasets are separated into 70% training and 30% testing. Four kinds of machine learning algorithms including decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM),

K

-nearest neighbors (KNN), and neural networks (NN) had been approached to determine the best performance. Compared with all the results from each feature, SVM achieved the best performance from 91.7% to 100%. Results show that SVM performed the highest accuracy in the diagnosis of subcutaneous cyst by ultrasonography, which provide a good reference in further application to clinical practice of ultrasonography of subcutaneous cyst.
LINC01140 Targeting miR-452-5p/RGS2 Pathway to Attenuate Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis
Authors: Li Xiaoshi
Published: October 2022

Background. LINC01140 has been known to be involved in various cancers. However, its underlying molecular mechanism in breast cancer (BC) needs further exploration. Methods. The LINC01140, miR-452-5p, and RGS2 levels in BC cells and tissues were evaluated by means of RT-qPCR and western blotting. The variations in the biological functions of BC cells were analyzed through CCK-8, transwell, western blotting, and xenograft experiments to observe cell viability, migration, levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2), and tumor growth. The correlations existing among LINC01140, miR-452-5p, and RGS2 were validated through luciferase reporter and RIP assays. Results. LINC01140 and RGS2 were remarkably downregulated in BC cells and tissues, whereas miR-452-5p was upregulated. LINC01140 overexpression diminished BC cell viability, migration, and tumor growth and facilitated apoptosis. MiR-452-5p upregulation enhanced cell viability and migration and suppressed apoptosis. Nevertheless, the additional upregulation of LINC01140 could reverse the promotive effects of miR-452-5p upregulation. Additionally, RGS2 overexpression inhibited the malignant phenotypes of BC cells, but miR-452-5p upregulation abolished this effect. In terms of mechanisms, LINC01140 acted as a miR-452-5p sponge. Moreover, RGS2 was determined to be miR-452-5p’s downstream target gene in BC. Conclusion. LINC01140 functioned as an antitumor agent in BC by sponging miR-452-5p to release RGS2. This hints that LINC01140 is a promising therapeutic target for BC.
Effects of Resonator Shape on Nonlinear Resonant Frequencies of a Microresonant Pressure Sensor
Authors: Han Guang , Xu Lizhong
Published: October 2022

A nonlinear dynamics equation for a novel microresonant pressure sensor with a cross-type resonator is proposed. The nonlinear resonant frequencies of the sensor are calculated. Effects of the system parameters and gas pressure on the nonlinear resonant frequencies are investigated. Results show that the effects of nonlinearity on the resonant frequencies increase with increasing length of the resonator, and they decrease with decreasing the clearance between the resonator and the baseplate or gas pressure.
Hyunganol II Exerts Antiadipogenic Properties via MAPK-Mediated Suppression of PPARγ Expression in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Oh Jung Hwan , Karadeniz Fatih , Seo Youngwan , Kong Chang-Suk
Published: October 2022

Bone marrow adiposity has been associated with several metabolic syndromes such as diabetes and osteoporosis. Imbalance in adipogenic and osteoblastogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) was suggested to be the cause of elevated bone marrow adiposity. There are several drugs, of both natural and synthetic origin, to treat bone loss. In this study, as a part of a recent trend to discover natural products with more biocompatibility and fewer side effects to treat bone loss, the effect of hyunganol II (HNG), a coumarin isolated from Corydalis heterocarpa, on hBM-MSC adipogenesis was investigated. Cells treated with HNG showed decreased lipid accumulation indicating a diminished adipocyte phenotype. Treatment with HNG also suppressed the mRNA and protein expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1c, and three adipogenic marker genes. Further analysis of MAPK signaling pathway exhibited that HNG treatment elevated ERK activation and suppressed the JNK-mediated cFos and cJun phosphorylation, which inhibits PPARγ transcriptional activity. Taken together, HNG treatment was shown to inhibit adipogenesis via suppressed PPARγ expression as a result of altered MAPK signaling. Therefore, it was suggested that HNG might prevent bone marrow adiposity by inhibiting hBM-MSC adipogenesis and can be utilized as a drug or nutraceutical with beneficial effects on bone. Thus, further studies should be conducted to analyze its effect in vivo.
Adaptive Threshold Energy Detection Spectrum Sensing Method for L-Band Digital Aeronautical Communication System
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Mingli , Zhang Jin , Li Dongxia
Published: October 2022

Air travel is growing at an alarming rate. However, according to the latest research report by Eurocontrol on European aviation, the growth of air traffic will be limited by the available spectrum resources. As one of the means to provide air/ground (A/G) broadband communication, the L-band digital aeronautical communication system (LDACS) is becoming the preferred model for final deployment and has received continuous attention. Based on various spectrum measurement studies, the international civil aviation organization (ICAO) has identified multiple 1 MHz vacant bands between adjacent distance measuring equipment (DME) signals for LDACS. In order to improve spectrum efficiency, the concept of dynamic spectrum access (DSA) can be applied to the LDACS, which requires the use of spectrum sensing methods to detect the spectrum holes of DME users. In this paper, an adaptive threshold energy detection spectrum sensing method is proposed based on the characteristics of DME pulse signals. Firstly, the energy of the received signal is estimated to construct the detection statistics, and the equations of detection probability and false alarm probability are established. Secondly, the adaptive threshold is calculated using the maximum likelihood decision criterion under the assumption of a constant probability of false alarm. Thirdly, the detection statistic is compared to the adaptive threshold to determine the spectrum occupancy state in the decision-making stage. Finally, the result is transmitted back to the transmitter for the best spectrum resource allocation. According to the simulation analysis, the adaptive threshold energy detection-based sensing method outperforms the energy-difference detection method under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Meanwhile, it has superior adaptability since the adaptive threshold can be adaptively changed according to the channel.
A Low-Profile Dual-Band Directional Antenna for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications
Authors: Jin Hui , Han Chong-Zhi , Fu Yanzhi , Yang Huaiwen
Published: October 2022

A low-profile dual-band directional antenna operating at both 2.4 and 5 GHz for wireless local area networks (WLANs) for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) applications is proposed in the paper. Two pairs of dipole antenna arrays with different electrical lengths are utilized to achieve dual-band directional radiation performance, which is desirable for a remote-control unit of the UAVs. Note that the directional radiation characteristic is obtained according to the double-dipole antennas driven by antiphase signals (W8JK), provided the distances between different dipole antennas are properly optimized. Note that the distance between the two longer dipoles, as well as the two shorter dipoles, can be calculated by equations. For each pair of dipoles with equal electrical lengths, an antiphase along the two dipoles can be obtained, and directional radiation characteristics can be achieved in the dual band. Coplanar strips (CPS) are employed as feeding networks, which lie on the same substrate layer as the antenna arrays, resulting in a low profile of merely 0.762 mm. Also, the overall size of the antenna together with the feeding network is 58.42 × 32.58 × 0.762 mm3. To verify the performance of the proposed antenna, a prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured gain is 5.2 and 7.0 dBi, respectively, in the 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands. The measured reflection coefficients as well as radiation patterns are consistent with those of the simulated results. The proposed antenna scheme can be a good candidate for UAV applications with the advantages of a lower profile, dual-band characteristics, directional radiation characteristics, and a simple assembly. Since the remote-control unit operates at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz to control the UAV unit, the low-profile dual-band directional radiation antenna has extensive application prospects when integrated into the space-limited unit.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study
Authors: Di Filippo Daria , Ahmadzai Marrwah , Chang Melissa Han Yiin , Horgan Ksana , Ong Ru Min , Darling Justine , Akhtar Mahmood , Henry Amanda , Welsh Alec
Published: October 2022

Background. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is diabetes first diagnosed in pregnancy. GDM, together with its short- and long-term negative outcomes, is increasing in incidence all over the world. The current diagnostic method for GDM, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), is dated and has been reported as inconvenient for women as well as poorly reproducible and reliable. Aims. We aimed at assessing the acceptability, feasibility, and accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) as a diagnostic test for GDM and explore its correlation with the OGTT and risk factors for GDM. Methods. In this prospective cohort study, pregnant women due for or having completed OGTT underwent CGM for seven days, performing daily finger-prick blood glucose levels before completing an acceptability questionnaire. Data on GDM risk factors and CGM variability were analyzed and compared with OGTT results. Results. Seventy-three women completed CGM (40 GDM, 33 normal glucose tolerances); 34 concurrently underwent OGTT. CGM was acceptable and generally well-tolerated, with skin irritation/itchiness the only adverse event (11 mild, one severe). CGM and OGTT strongly correlated for fasting glucose values (

r
=
0.86

,

p
<
0.05

) only. Triangulating GDM risk factors, OGTT results and CGM variability parameters with the application of machine learning highlighted the possibility of unmasking false positive (11 showed low CGM variability and demographic risks but positive OGTT) and false-negative OGTT diagnoses (1 showed high CGM variability and demographic risks but negative OGTT). Conclusions. CGM was well-tolerated, showing poorer glycaemic control in GDM, and revealing potential misdiagnosis of the OGTT when combined with GDM risk factors. Future research is needed to determine cut-off values for CGM-defined and OGTT-independent screening criteria for GDM.
Design and Analysis of FOPID-Based Damping Controllers Using a Modified Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kar Manoj Kumar , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Arun Kumar , Panigrahi Sibarama , Cherukuri Murthy
Published: October 2022

This study proposes a novel modified grey-wolf optimization algorithm (MGWOA) to enhance power system stability. The power system stabilizer and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) are used as damping controllers. Additionally, fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller is used to handle the system nonlinearities and thus achieve better performance. The control parameters are tuned using the proposed MGWOA method which has been verified on unimodal and multimodal functions. Single-machine infinite bus (SMIB) and multimachine power system (MMPS) are taken as case studies to analyze the efficacy of the proposed controller. Minimization of rotor speed deviation is considered an objective function. The results obtained from the MGWOA-tuned FOPID-based damping controllers are compared with those obtained using recently developed efficient and competitive heuristic algorithms. It was observed that the MGWOA method is well-suited for damping low-frequency oscillations. Furthermore, statistical analysis is performed on the obtained results to justify the superiority of the MGWOA method. The simulation results suggest that the MGWOA exhibits superior performance characteristics when applied to a real power system.
Lipid Profiling of Pacific Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) at Different Developmental Stages Using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lee Hey Gene , Joo MinJoong , Park Jong-Moon , Kim Mi Ae , Mok JeongHun , Cho Seong-Hyeon , Sohn Young Chang , Lee Hookeun
Published: October 2022

Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) is a commercially important mollusk; therefore, improvement of its growth performance and quality has been emphasized. During embryonic development, abalones undergo a series of distinct larval stages, including swimming veliger larvae, juveniles, and mature individuals, and their biomolecular composition varies depending on the developmental stage. Therefore, in the present study, we performed untargeted lipid profiling of abalone tissues at different developmental stages as well as the hemolymph of mature female and male abalones using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These profiles can provide meaningful information to understand compositional changes in lipids through abalone metamorphosis and development. A total of 132 lipids belonging to 15 classes were identified from abalone tissues at different developmental stages. Moreover, 21 lipids belonging to 8 classes were identified from the hemolymph of mature abalones. All data were processed following strict criteria to provide accurate information. Triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines were the major lipid components identified in both tissues and hemolymph, accounting for, respectively, 27% and 15% of all lipids in tissues and, respectively, 24% and 38% of all lipids in the hemolymph. Of note, lysophosphatidylcholine was only detected in the tissues of mature abalones, paving the way for further analyses of abalone lipids based on developmental stages. The present findings offer novel insights into the lipidome of abalone tissues and hemolymph at different developmental stages, building a foundation for improving the efficiency and quality of abalone aquaculture.
Dynamic Analysis of a Flexible Multi-Body in 5 MW Wind Turbine
Authors: Xue Zhanpu , Zhang Hao , Li Hongtao , Ji Yunguang , Zhou Zhiqiang
Published: October 2022

Flexible multi-body dynamics of wind turbines is a subfield of structural mechanics that mainly studies the response of the coupling structure under dynamic loading, such as the transient changes of displacement and stress, in order to measure the load carrying capacity of the coupling structure and obtain the corresponding dynamic properties. Structural dynamics takes into account not only the damping and inertia forces generated by the vibration of the structure but also the elastic force generated by the deformation of the structure. With the continuous increase of individual power and tower height, the flexibility of the multi-body system of wind turbines also increases. The study of the influence of structural parameters on the coupled structural vibrations of tower blades of large wind turbines can provide a scientific basis for the flexible design of large wind turbines as well as important theoretical support for their safe, stable, and economic operation.
Application of Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction in Gymnastics Training by Using Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Zhenlei Sun
Published: October 2022

Image super-resolution reconstruction, in short, is to restore some not too clear images, so that the image is more convenient to identify. It is generally used in intelligent surveillance systems and medical imaging systems in hospitals. This kind of technology is applied in many traditional algorithms. Today, the ultra-high-resolution algorithm has been revised. This paper analyzes in detail the convergence characteristics of two widely used pixel-by-pixel loss functions from theoretical and experimental perspectives, fully considers each convergence characteristic, and studies the combination of MAE and network. The MSE advantage learning method uses a single loss function to train the network. This training method can improve network performance. The level of Chinese gymnasts is relatively high, and it can even be said that they represent the most advanced level in the world. For many gymnasts, training for sharp turns is the focus of training, as well as training. Chinese gymnasts face similar problems. How to help Chinese gymnasts to improve their training quality has become a major issue in gymnastics training at this stage.