bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAMPUR KODE BAHASA JAWA PADA SIARAN RADIO GARUDA FM DI DESA DADITUNGGAL, KECAMATAN PLOSO, KABUPATEN JOMBANG
Authors: Alima ALIMA
Published: December 2018

dapat disimpulkan bahwa sosiolingustik adalah ilmu yang mempelajari penggunaan bahasa dalam masyarakat.Campur kode merupakan salah satu kajian sosiolingustik, Chaer dan Agustin (2004:114) menyatakan, dalam campur kode ada sebuah kode utama atau kode dasar yang digunakan dan memiliki fungsi dan keotonomiannya, sedangkan kode-kode yang lain yang terlibat dalam peristiwa tutur itu hanya terjadi serpihan-serpihan (pieces) saja tanpa fungsi atau keotonomian sebagai kode.Warsiman (2014:96)  membagi dua ciri campur kode yaitu  (1)  adanya timbal balik antara peranan dan fungsi ke bahasaan Peranan maksudnya siapa yang menggunakan bahasa itu, dalam arti apa sifat-sifat khusus penutur (latar belakang, sosial, tingkat pendidikan, rasa keagamaan, dan sebagainya), sedangkan fungsi kebahasaan berarti apa yang hendak dicapai oleh penutur dengan tuturannya. Fungsi menentukan sejauh mana bahasa yang dipakai oleh penutur memberi kesempatan untuk bercampur kode. (2) dan Unsur-unsur bahasa atau variasi-variasinya yang menyisip dalam bahasa lain tidak lagi mempunyai fungsi tersendiri atau tidak memiliki keotonomian sebagai sebuah kode. Unsur bahasa atau variasi-variasinya yang menyisip dalam bahasa lain dibedakan menjadi dua golongan, yakni : (a) yang bersumber dari bahasa asli dengan segala variasinya, dan (b) yang bersumber dari bahasa asing. Campur kode dengan unsur-unsur golongan pertama disebut campur kode ke dalam (inner code-mixing), sedangkan campur kode yang unsur-unsurnya dari golongan kedua disebut campur kode ke luar (outer code-mixing) Warsiman juga  (2014:96-97) menjelaskan tiga alasan yang mendorong terjadinya campur kode yang meliputi identifikasi peranan, identifikasi,ragam, dan keinginan untuk menjelaskan dan menafsirkan. Warsiman (2014:97-98) membagi campur kode menjadi enam unsur yang berwujud kebahasaan yang meliputi (1) penyisipan unsur-unsur yang yang berwujud kata, (2) penyisipan unsur-unsur yang berwujud frasa, (3) penyisipan unsur-unsur yang berwujud baster (4) penyisipan unsur-unsur yang berwujud perulangan kata, (5) penyisipan unsur-unsur yang berwujud ungkapan atau idiom, (6) penyisipan unsur-unsur yang berwujud klausa.Pokok permasalahan campur kode pada siaran  acara Dangdut Protanika Garuda FM terletak pada bahasa yang digunakan secara berselang-seling oleh penyiar dan penelpon. Adanya penguasaan dua bahasa atau lebih yang menyebabkan campur kode dalam tuturan penyiar dan penelpon.
Metafora jezičnog otoka
Authors: Blagoni Robert
Published: December 2018

Jezični otoci oduvijek su prividno ostvarive, ali nikada ostvarene, tlapnje lingvističke savršenosti, etnolingvističke zaokruženosti i sociolingvističke dovršenosti. Rad preispituje pojmovne okvire metafore jezičnog otoka u definiranju i tumačenju fizički lokaliziranih i jezično omeđenih etnolingvističkih i sociolingvističkih stvarnosti te na primjeru jezične otočnosti u Istri nudi dovršenje metafore.
Recurrence-Free Survival Stage IB1-IIA2 Intermediate Risk Group (Based on Kartu Delgado) Cervical Carcinoma after Radical Surgery and Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Authors: Friadi Andi
Published: December 2018

Objective: To evaluate the benefits of adjuvant radiotherapy (ART)

based on Kartu Delgado (simple form of Gynecologic Oncology

Group (GOG) scoring system) aimed at women with early stage cervical

cancer after radical surgery.

Method: Fifty patients were enrolled for this study. Twenty one patients

from 2011-2012 were given ART following surgery based on

their Kartu Delgado score from as follows: score 120 were given ART. Their score and

recurrence were compared with 29 patients who were treated in

2009-2010 (based on single prognostic factor).

Result: We observed eighteen recurrences for the duration this

study. Thirteen patients from the period of 2009-2010 and five patients from the period of 2011-2012. Most recurrences occurred in

patients from 2009-2010 with score > 120 but were not designated

ART. Two-years recurrence-free survival (RFS) for subjects with

score 120 with ART was 64.29%.

Conclusion: Adjuvant radiotherapy given based on Kartu Delgado

reduced the number of recurrences in women with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer after treated by surgery.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 3: 146-152]

Keywords: cervical carcinoma, intermediate risk, prognostic factor,

radical hysterectomy
Uterine Perforation on Invasive Hydatidiform Mole during EMACO Treatment
Authors: Pradipta Bram
Published: December 2018

Objective: Improving skill and knowledge to recognize and manage

a rare case of uterine perforation on invasive hydatidiform mole.

Method: Case report.

Result: A 42 years old Indonesian woman, Parity 2 Abortus 2 with

history of 2 c-sections and 2 curettage, came with chief complaint of

recurrent vaginal bleeding since 4 months before admission. Patient

had a history of previous curettage with indication of hydatidiform

mole and recurrent bleeding with no histopathology results. On examination we found a vesicular mass with infiltration, destroying

the right-front uterine corpus, size 8x6 cm with an internal echo

mass. Chest x-ray showed multiple nodules in the lung. The patient,

considered as low risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia patient

with FIGO Score of 6, underwent chemotherapy with 2 series of

methotrexate . Due to the non-declining level of -hCG, the regimen

was added with EMACO. In the process of chemotherapy, the pa-tient’s-hCG declined but then she complained of major abdominal pain. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and we found a mass sized 5x5x5 cm on the right side of the uterus at the broad ligament with a rupture at the posterior part of the mass sized 0.5x0.5 cm. Upon incision of the uterus, we found a mass from the right side protruding to the isthmus of the uterus. Histopathology showed necrosis, blood and chorionic villi in myometrium corresponding to invasive mole. Patient was then given another 5 series of EMACO and her condition was unremarkable during the remaining course of treatment.

Conclusion: Invasive mole treatment is determined based on the

risk factors. Uterine perforation still occurred in this case regardless

of the decreasing hCG level during EMACO treatment. It emphasizes

the importance of clinical examination as chemotherapy responsiveness.

Long-term treatment can have a good prognosis but good

collaboration between the gynecologist and the patient is essential.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 3: 162-165]

Keywords: EMACO, invasive mole, perforation
Contraception in Malignancies
Authors: Anggraeni Tricia D
Published: December 2018

Along with the development of cancer diagnosis and treatment, the

life expectancy of women in reproductive age who suffer from cancer

are also higher. Women with cancer still have the possibility to

be pregnant and have a child during or after completion of therapy.

Taking this into consideration, the guideline for contraception in

special circumstances like this is needed. After reviewing the safety

and effectiveness of contraceptive methods available for women

with cancer, The Society of Family Planning urged not to use combination hormonal contraceptives (estrogen and progestin). Hormonal contraceptive use in cancer patients may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (Level A). T380A IUD, which has a high effectiveness, reversible, long-term, and hormone-free contraception

should be considered as the primary choice in patients with breast

cancer (Level A). In women who received tamoxifen therapy, the use

of IUD containing Levonorgestrel can be considered as a second

choice (Level B) because it can decrease the proliferation endometrium.

Women with anemia due to chemotherapy may be

given contraceptive containing progestin (Level A). Women with

osteopenia or osteoporosis after chemotherapy should avoid progestin

contraceptive injection (Level A). Currently, there are no data

to evaluate the risk of venous thromboembolism in progestin contraceptive use. Further information is also needed to determine the effect of the use of IUD that contains Levonorgestrel against breast cancer recurrence and the effect of hormonal contraceptives on

breast cancer in women who received chest wall radiotherapy.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 3: 166-170]

Keywords: cancer, contraception, malignancy
Pop-Q Components Comparison among Multiparous and Nulliparous Women
Authors: Lisa Lucy
Published: December 2018

Objective: To compare the measurement of POP-Q components between multiparous and nulliparous women.

Method: This study is a cross-sectional research conducted in several

hospitals in Makassar during the period of June to October

2012, with 270 women as the subjects. Subjects were divided into

three groups: nulliparous, parity 1-2, and parity 3 (multiparous).

We analyzed the mean POP-Q components results between 3 groups

using t-test, analysis of prolapse based on POP-Q components measurement, and analysis of correlation between risk factors with prolapse was done using Chi-square test.

Result: There is a significant difference in POP-Q components measurement between multiparous and nulliparous women, consecutively for: Aa point -2.14 and -2.97 cm, Ba point -2.11 and -2.99 cm, C point -5.69 and -6.86 cm, gh 3.33 and 2.70 cm, pb 2.60 and 3.27 cm, TVL 8.65 and 9.06 cm, Ap point -2.35 and -2.93 cm, Bp point - 2.61 and -2.96 cm, D point -6.61 and -7.42 cm. In multiparous women, points Aa, Ba, C, D, Ap and Bp became more prolapsed, gh became longer, while pb and TVL became shorter.

Conclusion: The proportion of prolapse is higher in multiparous

women with significant associations with age, body mass index, education level, and history of heavy physical work, delivering a large

baby and use of hormonal contraceptives.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 4: 204-210]

Keywords: multiparous women, nulliparous women, parity, POP-Q
Human Papillomavirus Genotypes and its Prevalence in Normal Population
Authors: Utami Tofan W
Published: December 2018

Objective: Over 200 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) have

been recognized on the basis of DNA sequence. Multiple infection is

more prone to be persistent than single infection. The purpose of

this study is to assess the variation of HPV types and their prevalence

among negative VIA as normal population in Indonesian women.

Method: We processed cervical swabs from 1,214 patients with

negative VIA. HPV DNA and its genotypes were detected using PCR

based INNO-Lipa HPV DNA test. We also classified whether each infection is single or multiple.

Result: From 1,214 women with negative VIA, 39 (3.21%) samples

were positive for HPV DNA. Among them, we detected 19 types of

HPV, consisting of 13 types of high-risk HPV, 5 types of low-risk HPV,

and 1 type of unknown HPV (type X). The most prevalent type was

HPV type 52 (18.31%), followed by type 39 and X with the same proportion (9.86%), and HPV type 16, 18, and 74 (each 8.45%). Of the total 39 HPV-positive samples, 17 (43.6%) showed multiple-type infection and 22 (56.4%) showed single-type infection. The majority

of single infection involves high-risk-HPV. The remaining were type

6, 44, 18, 51 and 66, with each single-type infection showing a prevalence of 4.54%.

Conclusion: Our study shows that single HPV infection among the

negative VIA population are dominated by high-risk type HPV (types

52, 39, 16, and 18). Single infection was more often encountered

than multiple infection.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 4: 211-215]

Keywords: HPV DNA, HPV genotypes, multiple infection, negative

VIA, single infection
Identifikasi Total Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) pada Yoghurt dengan Variasi Sukrosa dan Susu Skim
Authors: Agustine Levinna , Okfrianti Yenni , Jum Jumiyati
Published: December 2018

Yoghurt merupakan produk yang diperoleh dari susu yang telah dipasteurisasi, kemudian difermentasi dengan bakteri tertentu sampai diperoleh keasaman, bau dan rasa yang khas, tanpa penambahan bahan lain. Dimana pada proses pembuatan yoghurt fermentasi selama + 8 jam yang menghasilkan bakteri asam laktat (BAL). Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) merupakan bakteri baik yang berperan dalam sistem imun manusia. Tujuan; Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis bakteri asam laktat dan total bakteri asam pada yoghurt dengan variasi sukrosa dan susu skim. Bahan dan Metode; Penelitian eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pada  produk A1 (sukrosa 10 gram dan susu skim 200 ml), A2 (sukrosa 20 gram dan susu skim 200 ml), A3 (sukrosa 30 gram dan susu skim 200 ml) dengan menggunakan metode Total Plate Count (TPC). Hasil; Hasil penelitian didapatkan jenis bakteri yaitu lactobacillus yaitu bakteri gram positif yang berbentuk basil, dinding selnya menyerap warna violet dan memiliki lapisan peptidoglikan yang tebal (20-80 nm). Pada total bakteri asam laktat didapatkan jumlah produk A1 sebesar 6,924 log cfu/ml, A2 sebesar 7,006 log cfu/ml, A3 sebesar 7,054 log cfu/ml.  Kesimpulan; Semakin tinggi variasi  sukrosa dan susu skim maka aktivitas bakteri asam laktat semakin tinggi karena dipengaruhi dengan adanya sukrosa yang merupakan sumber karbon untuk pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dan adanya susu skim sebagai sumber nitrogen dan sumber nutrisi yang dimanfaatkan untuk pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat.
مراحل تكامل السيناريوهات مع الإدارة الاستراتيجية من منظور دراسة التطور التاريخي للسيناريوهمراحل تكامل السيناريوهات مع الإدارة الاستراتيجية من منظور دراسة التطور التاريخي للسيناريوهات ات
Authors: العنزي سعد , السعيدي يعرب عدنان
Published: December 2018

الغرض: تسعى الدراسة الحالية إلى دراسة المراحلة التاريخية المختلفة التي مر بها مفهوم السيناريوهات، وكيفية تطور هذا المفهوم وصولاً إلى تكامل هذا المفهوم مع ممارسات الادارة الاستراتيجية:

المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة الحالية على مراجعة الادبيات والمنهج النظري في تقديم تصور اجمالي عن المراحل المختلفة التي مر بها هذا المفهوم.

ابرز النتائج: لم تصل السيناريوهات إلى مرحلة النضوج في سعيها للتكامل مع الإدارة الاستراتيجية ، وما تزال بحاجة إلى مجهود كبير من اجل إنضاج هذا الفكر في إطار الإدارة الاستراتيجية، وعبر ذلك يمكن الاسهام في إحداث تطور معرفي مهم.

الاصالة والقيمة: تقديم نموذج معاصر يربط بين جذور هذا المصطلح والممارسات الحالية التي تجري في منظمات استشارية في دول مختلفة من العالم، وايضاح فلسفة هذا المفهوم ضمن حقب زمنية مختلفة.
مقارنة طرائق بيزية لتقدير احتمال الفشل للانظمة الالكترونية في حالة عدم توفر بيانات اوقات الحياة
Authors: عبد الوهاب بيداء اسماعيل
Published: December 2018

في هذا البحث تم ايجاد صيغة مقدر بيز ومقدر التوقع البيزي للنظام المنتج من قبل شـركة اطلس , حيث تم فحص وحدات من النظام ميدانيا من قبل الملاك الفني لدى الشركة وبتوفير بيانات حقيقية من الشركة المصنعة للنظام وهي تتضمن عدد الوحدات النظام الفاشـلة لكل عينة جزيئة مسحوبة من المجتمع الذي يمثل عدد وحدات الكلية من النظام المنتجة من قبل الشركة , بعد ذلك تم حساب المدى لكل مقدر بالاستعانة بمقدر الامكان الاعظم لاحتمال الفشل وتبين من خلال الحسابات المتعلقة بايجاد المقدرات ان مقدر التوقع البيزي هو الافضل مقارنة بمقدر بيز ولعينات جزئية مختلفة من المنتج بعد فحصها من قبل الكادر الفني في الشركة وذلك باستعمال المدى كمؤشر احصائي.
دور الذكاء الاستراتيجي في عمليات التصنيع الأخضر دراسة استطلاعية لآراء المديرين في عينة من مصانع المياه المعدنية في محافظة دهوك
Authors: امين هنار ابراهيم
Published: December 2018

تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن إمكانية تحديد دور الذكاء الاستراتيجي في عمليات التصنيع الأخضر في عينة من مصانع المياه المعدنية في محافظة دهوك، وقدمت الدراسة إطاراً نظرياً للذكاء الاستراتيجي والتصنيع الأخضر، وإطار ميداني يستهدف التعرف على طبيعة العلاقة والأثر بين الذكاء الاستراتيجي بوصفه متغيراً مستقلاً وعمليات التصنيع الأخضر بوصفها متغيراً معتمداً، وهو ما دفع إلى تكوين أنموذج افتراضي تضمن مجموعة من الفرضيات الرئيسة والفرعية التي تم اختبارها من خلال استخدام بعض وسائل التحليل الإحصائي للبيانات التي تم جمعها عن المصانع عينة الدراسة في محافظة دهوك. وبشكل عام تحاول الدراسة الإجابة على عدد من التساؤلات البحثية من أبرزها:

مدى وجود علاقة ارتباط وتأثير بين الذكاء الاستراتيجي وعمليات التصنيع الأخضر في المصانع عينة الدراسة ؟

كما وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من الاستنتاجات النظرية والميدانية من أهمها:

وجود علاقة ارتباط وتأثير معنوية بين الذكاء الاستراتيجي وعمليات التصنيع الأخضر في مصانع عينة الدراسة.
الأمن المائي في البصرة –دراسة اقتصادية لواقع المياه وآفاقها المستقبلية
Authors: حسن باسمة كزار
Published: December 2018

يعد موضوع الأمن المائي في البصرة من الموضوعات الإستراتيجية الحيوية المهمة التي تشغل اهتمام الباحثين بمختلف اختصاصاتهم والمهتمين بالشؤون المائية والبيئية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية والسياسية... الخ. وذلك نظراً للأهمية الكبيرة التي تحتلها مسألة المياه في البصرة التي تتصف بالمحدودية والندرة .

وعند النظر إلى مصادر حياتنا اليومية  في واقعنا اليوم. نجد  إن ملايين البشر يعيشون على مصدرين طبعيين أساسيين هما النفط والماء, والنفط ثروة ناضبة ومع ذلك نفرد له الاهتمام الأكبر لان دخلنا منه يفوق كل مصادر الدخل الأخرى, ولكن الماء ليس منه بقليل وهو مصدر الازدهار الدائم لكنه لم يزل في أدنى قائمة أولوياتنا البصرية.

ونأمل من الحكومة المحلية في البصرة أن تهتم  بمسألة الأمن المائي، ووضعه في المكانة العليا من سلم الأولويات، وأن يتصدر الاهتمام بهذه القضية الحيوية المصيرية اهتمامات المحافظة، ومن المواضيع التي تحضى باهتمام كبير وأن تعطي الأولوية في البحوث والدراسات الاقتصادية ,ولاسيما بعد انخفاض الحصص المائية المخصصة للعراق من جراء استغلال الدول المجاورة إلى حصة العراق. إن البحث في شان الأمن المائي هو بحث في استمرار الوجود والتقدم .

في مجال العرض سوف يتركز البحث على دراسة الواقع الاقتصادي للموارد المائية في البصرة وحصرها والبحث في إمكانية تنميتها وتأمينها من النواحي الاقتصادية والسياسية والقانونية والثقافية .

أما في مجال الطلب على المياه فسوف تعنى الدارسة بتحديد حجم الطلب وبنيته واحتمالات تغيره, فضلاً عن ترشيد استعمالات المياه وتامين ذلك بتطوير ثقافة مائية جماهيرية مناسبة , وإجراءات قانونية واقتصادية وإدارية
بناء الدالة التمييزية لبيانات القياسات المكررة بافتراض بنية التباين المشترك المتماثلة الكروية (CS) وتوظيفها في المجال الصحي
Authors: رشيد ظافر حسين , موسى مؤمن عباس
Published: December 2018

يعرف التحليل التمييزي بأنهۥ تَقْنِيَة تستعمل لتمييز أو لتصنيف فرد ما إلى مجموعة من بين عدد من المجموعات استنادا إلى تركيبة خطية لمجموعة من المتغيرات ذات العلاقة تعرف بالدالة التمييزية. في هذا البحث أستعمل التحليل التمييزي لتحليل بيانات تصاميم القياسات المكررة, حيث تركزت أهميته في مشكلة التمييز والتصنيف ثنائي المجموعة بافتراض تركيبة التباين المشترك المتماثلة الكروية  وبوجود حالة التوزيع الطبيعي للمجموعات لبيانات القياسات المكررة  المستقاة طوليا عبر الزمن على متغير الاستجابة نَفسُهُ ولكل وحدة تجريبية.

أهمية البحث هذا تمثلت بإيجاد أفضل أنموذج لتصنيف مجموعة من مرضى داء السكري وذلك لغرض دراسة تأثيرات كل من عدد الارتباطات, و عدد التباينات, وعدد القياسات المكررة على أداء قواعد التصنيف لهذا النوع من البيانات, حيث تم اعتماد القياسات الشهرية لنسبة بروتين الهيموغلوبين الغليكوزيلاتي (HbA1c) في الدم والمأخوذة في ثلاث مراحل, المرحلة الأولى كانت في بداية التجربة, المرحلة الثانية كانت بعد ثلاث أشهر, أما المرحلة الثالثة فكانت بعد ست أشهر ولمجموعتين من المرضى تضمنت المجموعة الأولى بعدد (38) مريض يعاني من داء السكري من النمط الأول (I), في حين كانت المجموعة الثانية تمثل منهم (33) مريض يعاني من داء السكري من النمط الثاني (II).

ومن خلال ما تم عرضه في البحث هذا والتي تمت باستعمال نتائج البيانات الحقيقية تم التوصل إلى أن انه كلما زادت عدد المعلمات المطلوب تقديرها لبناء الأنموذج التمييزي فأن نسبة التصنيف الخطأ الظاهرة الكلية  تبدأ بالزيادة وهذا ما يقلل من كفاءة قواعد التصنيف لهذا النوع من البيانات, واعتماداً على ما توصل إليه البحث فأن ما يوصى به  وعند التركيز على أقل عدد من المعلمات لبناء قاعدة التصنيف فانه من الممكن لإتباع أسلوب التحليل التمييزي الخطي, وأسلوب التحليل التمييزي ألتربيعي والمتمثل بتساوي معلمة التباين واختلاف معلمة الارتباط  بوجود تركيبة التباين المشترك المتماثلة الكروية  لتصنيف المرضى.
التنبؤ بالمواسم المطرية الرطبة والجافة في الموصل باستخدام دليل المطر القياسي (SPI )
Authors: عبد العزيز بثينه عبد الجادر
Published: December 2018

يعاني العراق نقصا مستمرا في موارده المائية السطحية او الجوفية او التساقط لذا تعد دراسة  التساقط المطري غاية في الاهمية لمعرفة اتجاهات الامطار في العراق ومنها الموصل وما ستكون عليه في المستقبل ومعرفة الفترات الرطبة والجافة وتحديدها وامكانية توقعها وتوقع كمياتها مستقبلا لاستثمار كل الطاقات للحفاظ على هذا المورد الحيوي وتامين الامن المائي.

تناول البحث مسألة التنبؤ بالمواسم المطرية الرطبة والجافة في محطة الموصل باستخدام تقنية دليل المطر القياسي ( SPI ) المستخرج من تحويل توزيع گاما الى التوزيع الطبيعي القياسي , واعتمادا على بيانات كميات الامطار الساقطة الشهرية (ملم)  للمدة من 1940-2013 . وقد اظهرت نتائج التحليل ان هناك 31 موسما مطريا رطبا , و42 موسما مطريا جافا لعموم مدة الدراسة والبالغة 73 موسم مطري . اما نتائج التنبؤ بكميات الامطار لمدة عشر سنوات لاحقة ابتداء من 2014 ولغاية 2023 فقد بينت ظهور خمسة مواسم مطرية رطبة, وخمسة مواسم مطرية جافة, على الرغم من ان الاتجاه العام للامطار في محطة الموصل يشير الى التناقص مع الزمن .
التدريب الاستراتيجي واثره في تحسين اداء مكاتب المفتشين العامين
Authors: جثير سعدون حمود , نصيف اخلاص خالد
Published: December 2018

يهدف البحث الى دراسة التدريب الاستراتيجي واثره في تحسين اداء مكاتب المفتشين العامين في الوزارات العراقية ، عبر متغيرين التدريب الاستراتيجي والذي تضمن اربعة ابعاد هي ( التحليل الاستراتيجي ، صياغة استراتيجية التدريب ، تنفيذ استراتيجية التدريب ، التقييم ) ومتغير الاداء تضمن ثلاثة ابعاد هي (الكفاءة ، الفاعلية ، القيمة المضافة ) ، وتتركز مشكلة البحث باعتماد مكاتب المفتشين العامين على برامج تدريبية جاهزة ترد من المراكز التدريبية بدون تصميم برامج تدريبية تؤدي الى تزويد العاملين بالمهارات والقدرات التي تؤدي الى تنفيذ الاهداف الحالية او المستقبلية لعينة البحث. استعمل الباحث الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات ، فضلا عن المقابلات الشخصية مع بعض موظفي مكاتب المفتشين العامين عينة البحث ، توصل البحث إلى جملة من الاستنتاجات اهمها ان تبني مكاتب المفتشين العامين لمراحل عملية التدريب الاستراتيجي يسهم في تحسين اداء هذه المكاتب ، أما أهم التوصيات فقد تركزت على ضرورة دعم الادارات العليا في مكاتب المفتشين العامين للدور الاستراتيجي الذي يمكن ان يلعبه التدريب عن طريق الارتكاز على التدريب الاستراتيجي بكل مراحله ليكون نقطة انطلاق لتزويد العاملين في هذه المكاتب بالمهارات والقدرات على تنفيذ الاهداف الاستراتيجية و ضــرورة اندماج التـــغيرات البيئية فـــي اختيار البرامج التدريبية و ضرورة الاخذ بعين العناية الوظائف المستقبلية التي سيتم استحداثها عند التخطيط لعملية التدريب واختيار البرامج التدريبية استناداً الى ذلك
تحليل بعض عوامل النجاح واستراتيجيات المنتج بحث تطبيقي في القطاع الصناعي العراقي
Authors: الكعبي نعمة شليبة , مصطفى رشا فالح
Published: December 2018

يتناول البحث دراسة العلاقة بين عوامل النجاح بوصفه متغيرا مستقلا واستراتيجيات المنتج بوصفه متغيرا تابعا, وقد تفاعلت هذه المتغيرات لتشكل الإطار الذي يدور حوله البحث ، حيث تتمحور مشكلة البحث بمدى امتلاك الشركات الصناعية الرؤية ومعرفة مسلمات البقاء والتطور في سوق الاعمال والتي يمكن التعبير عنها  حول مدى وعي الشركات بعوامل النجاح واستخدام استراتيجيات المنتج وماهي العلاقة بين العوامل والاستراتيجيات , فيما عبر عن أهمية البحث في جعل التركيز على المنتج يحتل أهمية بالغة في شركات القطاع الصناعي بالقياس الى عناصر المزيج التسويقي لامكان مواجهة المنافسة القائمة , فيما تتجسد أهداف البحث في تشخيص واقع المنظمات المبحوثة حول مدى قدرتها على  توفير فرص النجاح الضرورية لاستراتيجيات المنتج , وأختبار علاقات التأثير لعوامل النجاح واستراتيجيات المنتج في الشركات التي تم بحثها والتعرف على درجة تباين عوامل النجاح في استراتيجيات المنتج في الشركات عينة البحث . وتم أختيار ثلاثة قطاعات تابعة لوزارة الصناعة والمعادن هي ( قطاع الصناعات الهندسية ويتضمن الشركة العامة للصناعات الكهربائية ، وشركة الزوراء العامة) و( قطاع الصناعات الغذائية ويتضمن الشركة العامة لمنتجات الألبان ، والشركة العامة للزيوت النباتية ) و( قطاع الصناعات النسيجية ويتضمن الشركة العامة للصناعات القطنية ، والشركة العامة للصناعات الجلدية) وأخذت عينة من المديرين وشكلت أستمارة استبيانة وكانت هناك ( 108 ) استبانه وزعت لهذا الغرض وكانت أبرز نتائج البحث هي وجود علاقة أرتباط بين عوامل النجاح والاستراتيجيات فضلا عن وجود علاقة تأثير ايظا وكانت الشركات ذات تجانس
公路桥梁伸缩缝施工技术相关研究
Authors: 闫 国光
Published: December 2018

在公路桥上，由于梁的温度变化、混凝土的徐变和干燥收缩、荷载等而引起梁端变位，为使其不妨碍车辆行驶，有必要设置伸缩缝装置。本文阐述了公路桥梁伸缩缝的重要作用，探讨了公路桥梁伸缩缝施工技术。
Attitude and Practice of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient in Urban Settings in Bangladesh
Authors: Sagir Golam , Islam Md Rafiqul , Rashid Md Mamnur , Hossain Mohammad Akter , Haque Mohammad Ashraful
Published: December 2018

Background: Pulmonarytuberculosis is a very common disease in both urban and rural settings among the Bangladeshi people.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the attitude and practice of pulmonary tuberculosis patient in urban settings of Sylhet District of Bangladesh.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the DOTs corner of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh and Sylhet Chest Disease Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh during the period from June 2011 to November 2011 for a period of six (6) months. All the patients who were diagnosed as case of pulmonary tuberculosis and were treated with anti-tubercular drugs at DOTs corner who attended in the both Hospitals, Sylhet were selected as study population.Result: A total number of 194 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were recruited for this study. Among the 194 patients, 36(18.6%) patients had good attitudes and practices and 158(81.4%) patients had poor attitudes and practices.Conclusion: In conclusion, majority of the pulmonary tuberculosis patients under DOTs living in the urban area of Sylhet have poor level of attitude and practices.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 97-100
Diagnostic Test Validity of CT-Scan for Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hossain Md Akter , Haque Md Saiful , Bhuiya Mostaque Ahmed , Siddique Abu Bakar
Published: December 2018

Background: CT-scan can detect hepatocelluar carcinoma among the patients.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the pattern of hepatocelluar carcinoma among the patients attended at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka city.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka and Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2007 to May 2008 for a period of around one and half year. All the patients presented with hepatocellular carcinoma at the age group of more than 20 years with both sexes were selected as study population. The patients were undergone CT-scan examination and the confirmation of tumor was performed by histopathological examination.Result: A total number of 50 patients were recruited in this study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CT-scan in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma was seen to be 66%, 92% and 72% respectively. The PPV and NPV were 96.15% (95% CI 79.06% to 99.40%) and 45.83% (95% CI 34.53% to 57.58%) respectively. However, the Positive Likelihood Ratio and Negative Likelihood Ratio were 7.89 (95% CI 1.19 to 52.28) and 0.37(95% CI 0.23 to 0.60).Conclusion: In conclusion CT-scan is a good diagnostic tool for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 133-136
Management beyond Insulin in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review Update
Authors: Jahan Sharmin , Hasanat MA
Published: December 2018

Hyperglycemia is the most common endocrine disorder of pregnancy. As compared to Diabetes in pregnancy(DIP) the management of gestational DM(GDM) has always been a topic of controversy. Medical nutrition therapy(MNT) is the cornerstone of GDM management. 80-90% of GDM mothers can be treated by MNT alone and the rest will require drugs. Considerable controversy surrounds the use of oral anti-diabetic medications in pregnancy. The most widely studied drugs are glyburide and metformin. Conflicting results have been produced by different studies. However recent meta-analyses have shown that they can be an attractive alternative to insulin if long term safety data become available. Till then it might be too early to make a final comment on their use in GDM.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 145-149
Design and Implementation of a Rainfed Matrix for Cotton
Authors: Mahan James , Payton Paxton
Published: December 2018

Global production of agricultural products must continue to increase if shortages are to be avoided. While irrigated production is substantial since water available for both current and future production is limited, rainfed production will become increasingly important. In-season weather variability results in instability in rainfed production and in order to gain information on the mechanisms involved and their potential mitigation, it is important to monitor production over a range of possible environmental scenarios. We designed and implemented a rain matrix experimental approach for cotton based on a series of sequential plantings coupled with a rain-simulation protocol. The rain matrix in two years produced 56 growing environments with rain and thermal variability and 44 yield:environment comparisons. The yield:rain relationship was not strong (R2 = 0.35) Analysis of heat units over the matrix indicated (1) heat units varied with planting date and (2) heat units were sufficient to achieve maturity. Plantings reached maturity with <1250 heat units and reached maturity before a lethal freeze. The rain matrix design increased the number of yield:environment comparisons in a single year and though it is subject to undefined thermal interactions, may prove useful in understanding rainfed cotton production.
Seed Germination in Relation to Total Sugar and Starch in Endosperm Mutant of Sweet Corn Genotypes
Authors: Pairochteerakul Potchanee , Jothityangkoon Darunee , Ketthaisong Danupol , Simla Sakunkan , Lertrat Kamol , Suriharn Bhalang
Published: December 2018

The use of combinations of two or more genes controlling carbohydrate characters of corn is an attractive way to improve table quality of sweet corn. Poor seed quality of the inbred lines hinders the progress of this strategy for hybrid seed production. The objective of this study was to evaluate sweet corn inbred lines with combinations of double and triple recessive genes for germination percentage, seed vigor, total sugar content, and starch content. Eleven sweet corn genotypes including seven inbred lines (F6 generation) with different combinations of genes controlling carbohydrate characters and four F1 hybrids were used. The germination experiment was conducted under standard test between papers (BP) and accelerated aging (AA) test. The data were recorded for germination percentage, germination speed, normal and abnormal seedling, seedling length, and seedling dry weight. The seeds were analyzed for total sugar and starch content in endosperm at maturity stage. The results showed that single recessive genotype (sh2sh2) had high germination percentage and seedling vigor. The combinations of bt or sh2 gene with wx gene resulted in low germination percentage and poor seedling vigor. However, combinations of triple recessive genes (btbt sh2sh2 wxwx) had good germination in BP test but they performed poorly in AA test.
Flavonoids and Colorectal Cancer Prevention
Authors: Li Yanyan , Zhang Tao , Chen Grace Y.
Published: December 2018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, but despite advances in treatment, it remains the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Prevention may, therefore, be a key strategy in reducing colorectal cancer deaths. Given reports of an inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption with colorectal cancer risk, there has been significant interest in understanding the metabolism and bioactivity of flavonoids, which are highly abundant in fruits and vegetables and account for their pigmentation. In this review, we discuss host and microbiota-mediated metabolism of flavonoids and the potential mechanisms by which flavonoids can exert protective effects against colon tumorigenesis, including regulation of signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, cellular proliferation, and inflammation and modulation of the gut microbiome.
Improving Applicability for Information Model of an IFC-Based Steel Bridge in the Design Phase Using Functional Meanings of Bridge Components
Authors: Park Sang I. , Park Junwon , Kim Bong-Geun , Lee Sang-Ho
Published: December 2018

The industry foundation classes (IFC) data model is the most important data schema in ensuring the interoperability of the information generated throughout the lifecycle of facilities. However, because the current IFC model is focused on buildings, there are limitations when this model is applied to bridge structures. This paper proposes a method that enables the information modeling of steel box girder bridges based on the current IFC. To select the required and core items, we classify the components of a steel box girder bridge by the design stage with reference to engineering documents. To generate functional meanings of each bridge component, we develop the rules of the unique identifier and information reassignment, and then apply a semi-automated naming algorithm. The generated bridge information model was used to confirm the functional semantic meanings of individual components, and it was checked whether additional external information, such as carbon emissions, could be linked for specific bridge components. It was observed that information retrieval and extraction for components is possible through a semantic-based query to the generated IFC-based bridge information model.
IMU-Assisted 2D SLAM Method for Low-Texture and Dynamic Environments
Authors: Wang Zhongli , Chen Yan , Mei Yue , Yang Kuo , Cai Baigen
Published: December 2018

Generally, the key issues of 2D LiDAR-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for indoor application include data association (DA) and closed-loop detection. Particularly, a low-texture environment, which refers to no obvious changes between two consecutive scanning outputs, with moving objects existing in the environment will bring great challenges on DA and the closed-loop detection, and the accuracy and consistency of SLAM may be badly affected. There is not much literature that addresses this issue. In this paper, a mapping strategy is firstly exploited to improve the performance of the 2D SLAM in dynamic environments. Secondly, a fusion method which combines the IMU sensor with a 2D LiDAR, based on framework of extended Kalman Filter (EKF), is proposed to enhance the performance under low-texture environments. In the front-end of the proposed SLAM method, initial motion estimation is obtained from the output of EKF, and it can be taken as the initial pose for the scan matching problem. Then the scan matching problem can be optimized by the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm. For the back-end optimization, a sparse pose adjustment (SPA) method is employed. To improve the accuracy, the grid map is updated with the bicubic interpolation method for derivative computing. With the improvements both in the DA process and the back-end optimization stage, the accuracy and consistency of SLAM results in low-texture environments is enhanced. Qualitative and quantitative experiments with open-loop and closed-loop cases have been conducted and the results are analyzed, confirming that the proposed method is effective in low-texture and dynamic indoor environments.
Effects of Nanoparticles Materials on Heat Transfer in Electro-Insulating Liquids
Authors: Dombek Grzegorz , Nadolny Zbigniew , Marcinkowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the effect of doping of electro-insulating liquids with nanoparticle materials on the thermal properties of the obtained nanoliquids and heat transport in the transformer. Mineral oil, synthetic ester, and natural ester were used as base liquids. The effectiveness of doping base liquids with nanoparticles was supported by ultraviolet-visible (UV/VIS) measurements. In turn, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the absence of intermolecular interactions (i.e., hydrogen bonding). The influence of modification of electro-insulating liquids with fullerene C60 and titanium dioxide TiO2 nanoparticles on such thermal properties as thermal conductivity, specific heat, kinematic viscosity, density, and thermal expansion was investigated. Based on these properties and the theory of similarity, the cooling efficiency of the transformer filled with the analyzed nanofluids was determined. Nanofluids’ cooling effectiveness was compared with the cooling effectiveness of the base liquids. This comparison was supported by an analysis of Grashof, Prandtl, and Nusselt numbers. It has been shown that the modification of electro-insulating liquids with nanoparticles widely used in order to improve their dielectric properties, such as C60 and TiO2, does not have a significant influence on their thermal properties. The addition of fullerene C60 caused an increase in kinematic viscosity, which was compensated by the increase in specific heat. In the case of TiO2, the addition of this nanoparticle resulted in an increase in kinematic viscosity and a decrease in specific heat, which were balanced out by the increase in thermal conductivity. In summary, the heat exchange-capacity of liquids did not change due to doping with nanoparticles.
Uncertainty Evaluation for Measurements of Pitch Deviation and Out-of-Flatness of Planar Scale Gratings by a Fizeau Interferometer in Littrow Configuration
Authors: Xiong Xin , Shimizu Yuki , Chen Xiuguo , Matsukuma Hiraku , Gao Wei
Published: December 2018

Form errors of a planar scale grating, such as pitch deviations and out-of-flatness, are major contributors to the final measurement uncertainty of an interferential scanning-type planar encoder. Following the previous work, in which a method has been proposed to evaluate both the out-of-flatness and the pitch deviations of a planar scale grating by a Fizeau interferometer in Littrow configuration, uncertainty analysis on this method is performed in this paper. Theoretical equations are derived to make quantitative uncertainty analysis while taking possible error factors into account. To overcome the drawbacks of a traditional uncertainty matrix approach, a new procedure is proposed to evaluate the uncertainty in the PV (peak-to-valley) deviation of a surface form, so as to assure the quality of measurement. Experiments are finally conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed uncertainty evaluation method.
Landslide Susceptibility Modeling Based on GIS and Novel Bagging-Based Kernel Logistic Regression
Authors: Chen Wei , Shahabi Himan , Zhang Shuai , Khosravi Khabat , Shirzadi Ataollah , Chapi Kamran , Pham Binh Thai , Zhang Tingyu , Zhang Lingyu , Chai Huichan , Ma Jianquan , Chen Yingtao , Wang Xiaojing , Li Renwei , Ahmad Baharin Bin
Published: December 2018

Landslides cause a considerable amount of damage around the world every year. Landslide susceptibility assessments are useful for the mitigation of the associated potential risks to local economic development, land use planning, and decision makers. The main aim of this study was to present a novel hybrid approach of bagging (B)-based kernel logistic regression (KLR), named the BKLR model, for spatial prediction of landslides in the Shangnan County, China. We first selected 15 conditioning factors for landslide susceptibility modeling. Then, the prediction capability of all conditioning factors was evaluated using the least square support vector machine method. Model validation and comparison were performed based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and several statistical-based indexes, including positive predictive rate, negative predictive rate, sensitivity, specificity, kappa index, and root mean square error. Results indicated that the BKLR ensemble model outperformed and outclassed the KLR and the benchmark support vector machine model. Our findings overall confirmed that a combination of the meta model with a decision tree classifier based on a functional algorithm can decrease the over-fitting and variance problems of data, which could enhance the prediction power of the landslide model. The resultant susceptibility maps could be useful for hazard mitigation in the study area and other similar landslide-prone areas.
Magnetooptics in Cylindrical Structures
Authors: Višňovský Štefan
Published: December 2018

Understanding magnetooptics in cylindrical structures presents interest in the development of magnetic sensor and nonreciprocal devices compatible with optical fibers. The present work studies wave propagation in dielectric circular cylindrical structures characterized by magnetic permeability and electric permittivity tensors at axial magnetization. The Helmholtz equations deduced from the Maxwell equations in transverse circularly polarized representation provide electric and magnetic fields. With the restriction to terms linear in off-diagonal tensor elements, these can be expressed analytically. The results are applied to magnetooptic (MO) circular cylindrical waveguides with a step refractive index profile. The nonreciprocal propagation is illustrated on waveguides with an yttrium iron garnet (YIG) core and a lower refractive index cladding formed by gallium substituted yttrium iron garnet (GaYIG) at the optical communication wavelength. The propagation distance required for the isolator operation is about one hundred micrometers. The approach may be applied to other structures of cylindrical symmetry in the range from microwave to optical frequencies.
Online Streaming Feature Selection via Conditional Independence
Authors: You Dianlong , Wu Xindong , Shen Limin , He Yi , Yuan Xu , Chen Zhen , Deng Song , Ma Chuan
Published: December 2018

Online feature selection is a challenging topic in data mining. It aims to reduce the dimensionality of streaming features by removing irrelevant and redundant features in real time. Existing works, such as Alpha-investing and Online Streaming Feature Selection (OSFS), have been proposed to serve this purpose, but they have drawbacks, including low prediction accuracy and high running time if the streaming features exhibit characteristics such as low redundancy and high relevance. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm about online streaming feature selection, named ConInd that uses a three-layer filtering strategy to process streaming features with the aim of overcoming such drawbacks. Through three-layer filtering, i.e., null-conditional independence, single-conditional independence, and multi-conditional independence, we can obtain an approximate Markov blanket with high accuracy and low running time. To validate the efficiency, we implemented the proposed algorithm and tested its performance on a prevalent dataset, i.e., NIPS 2003 and Causality Workbench. Through extensive experimental results, we demonstrated that ConInd offers significant performance improvements in prediction accuracy and running time compared to Alpha-investing and OSFS. ConInd offers 5.62% higher average prediction accuracy than Alpha-investing, with a 53.56% lower average running time compared to that for OSFS when the dataset is lowly redundant and highly relevant. In addition, the ratio of the average number of features for ConInd is 242% less than that for Alpha-investing.
Effects of Long-Wavelength Track Irregularities Due to Thermal Deformations of Railway Bridge on Dynamic Response of Running Train
Authors: Hwang Sung Ho , Kim Sungil , Lee Kyoung-Chan , Jang Seung Yup
Published: December 2018

In a fixed-end arch railway bridge restraining the displacement and rotation at the support to constrain the longitudinal deformation of the superstructure, vertical deformation occurs according to temperature change. Due to such deformation, periodic change in long-wavelength track irregularity occurs, which, by increasing the vertical train body acceleration, degrades ride comfort. In the present study, the vertical deformation of a fixed-end arch railway bridge and the accompanying track irregularity changes were measured during the summer and winter, respectively. Based on the measured data, the relationships among the ambient temperature, the temperature of the bridge members, the deformation of the bridge, and the track irregularity were investigated. Additionally, the correlation between the train body acceleration and the long-wavelength track irregularity was examined, and a method of controlling long-wavelength track irregularity considering seasonal temperature change was discussed.
Convergence Gain in Compressive Deconvolution: Application to Medical Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Gao Bin , Xiao Shaozhang , Zhao Li , Liu Xian , Pan Kegang
Published: December 2018

The compressive deconvolution (CD) problem represents a class of efficient models that is appealing in high-resolution ultrasound image reconstruction. In this paper, we focus on designing an improved CD method based on the framework of a strictly contractive Peaceman–Rechford splitting method (sc-PRSM). By fully excavating the special structure of ultrasound image reconstruction, the improved CD method is easier to implement by partially linearizing the quadratic term of subproblems in the CD problem. The resulting subproblems can obtain closed-form solutions. The convergence of the improved CD method with partial linearization is guaranteed by employing a customized relaxation factor. We establish the global convergence for the new method. The performance of the method is verified via several experiments implemented in realistic synthetic data and in vivo ultrasound images.
Assessment of Ecosystem Service Value of the Liaohe Estuarine Wetland
Authors: Li Lifeng , Su Fangli , Brown Mark T. , Liu Haisheng , Wang Tieliang
Published: December 2018

The functions and services of wetland ecosystems to human society have been generally recognized. Currently, most evaluations of wetlands are a comprehensive evaluation of their ultimate value. It is rare to discuss for energy and matter lost and transferred. In this study, emergy theory was used to assess the ultimate and intermediate service values of the Liaohe estuarine wetland ecosystem. Results show that its ultimate service value was $28.2 million, and its intermediate service value was $35,614.03 million. The 1263 time difference between intermediate and ultimate value shows that much server value was dissipated in the form of energy. In the ultimate service value, the value of adjusting the atmosphere was $8.02 million, accounting for 28.45% of the total value, and flood diversion and storage value was $6.98 million, accounting for 24.75%. These results illustrate that the most important service value of the Liaohe estuarine wetland ecosystem is to adjust the atmosphere and divert and store floods. In intermediate service value, maintaining-biodiversity value was $34,182 million, accounting for 95.98% of total value, showing that the Liaohe estuarine wetland plays an important role in species resources and regional seed banks.