bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Requirements for the presidents of general jurisdiction courts in the Russian Federation and the procedure for their appointment
Authors:   The North-Western branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Zholobov Yaroslav B. , Kornev Viktor N. ,   Russian State University of Justice
Published: January 2025

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework governing the qualification requirements and appointment procedure for the presidents of general jurisdiction courts in the Russian Federation. Specifically, individuals applying for the role of a judge, and subsequently, the court president, are subject to strict requirements. These include having a specialized legal education, relevant work experience in the field, etc. However, the analysis of these requirements reveals several challenges in this domain. Particularly, the training of the future court leaders poses a crucial question regarding how to address the fact that, as the leader, they must possess not only extensive procedural powers but also organizationaldispositive and administrative-economic ones, which was not previously possible as a judge. In this regard, the authors propose that such training should be split into four stages, starting with a psychological screening of the candidates. Following that, they participate in a specialized advanced training course and then complete an internship as a court leader. Finally, they must pass an examination to demonstrate their proficiency in organizational-dispositive and administrative-economic skills. Separately, the article examines the challenging aspects of appointing court presidents. Specifically, it discusses the lengthy process of considering appointments, the suggestion to transition from appointments to elections for presidents of general jurisdiction courts and other related issues. The article concludes that Russian legislation lacks specific qualification requirements for court presidents, who serve as the governing body of the court. However, the current requirements for judges do not allow identifying and evaluating the organizational skills required for a candidate to become the court president.
The system of pre-trial proceedings in the Russian criminal process: Is it necessary to return to the French standard model?
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rossinskiy Sergei B.
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the possibilities of reintroducing into national practice of preliminary investigation the already once applied “French” standard model of pre-trial proceedings, which is based on the distinction between the work of the police and the criminal procedural activities of special judicial investigative officials. The main advantages of this model are revealed in the modern realities of the existence of Russian society and Russian statehood. According to the author, this is a predisposition to the traditional needs of the majority of the population in the fight against crime, as well as the ability to overcome a number of doctrinal, legal and practical problems that arose due to the gradual Soviet transformations of the pre-revolutionary criminal justice system. At the same time, the shortcomings of such a model are explored. This is the severity, duration, high degree of bureaucracy and the high cost of maintaining and operating the judicial and investigative apparatus. In addition, the geographical and demographic characteristics of the Russian Federation are taken into account. And finally, the archival documents discovered by the author of the article are examined in detail, which indicate ambiguous and even very negative assessments of the practice of implementing similar mechanisms in the pre-revolutionary period. As a result, a conclusion is formulated: modern Russian society and the state are clearly not ready for the further development of pre-trial criminal justice according to classical French canons. In particular, there is no readiness to restore the corps of special judicial and investigative officials that existed in the Russian Empire, endowed with full, or at least the overwhelming majority, powers in the field of investigation of criminal cases. At the same time, it is argued that it is necessary to preserve certain elements of the French standard model of pre-trial proceedings.
The prevention of extremism and terrorism: Improving the tools used by teaching staff in educational institutions
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Ermishina Natalia S. , Koltakova Kseniia A. ,   Petrozavodsk State University
Published: January 2025

The article examines the trend of organizing and conducting preventive work to counter extremism and terrorism in educational institutions of the Russian Federation. The legal regulation of the issue of preventing extremism and terrorism at the federal level is being studied, strategic documents are being studied that create the basis for the activities of prevention subjects to create a sustainable rejection of terrorist-oriented ideas through comparative characteristics of Comprehensive Plans to Counter the ideology of terrorism in the Russian Federation for 2013–2018 and 2019–2023. The attitude of the teaching staff to the available educational work carried out in their educational institutions is analyzed with the help of a sociological survey aimed at assessing the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the organization of preventive measures. The article proposes a toolkit that will contribute to improving the literacy of teachers, social workers, and teaching staff who do not specialize in the field of jurisprudence on the legal and ethical component of presenting information on the topics of extremism and terrorism. It is proposed to improve the methodology of interaction with young people by testing the presented methodological material for the employees of the educational sphere themselves. Recommendations are given on the thematic content of applied methodological recommendations necessary for the subjects organizing the lesson, from the point of view of helping to improve the level of training of teachers, teachers in working with students to counter radical attitudes, extremism and terrorism.
Performance of obligations stemming from oil transportation contract under Russian law
Authors:   MGIMO University, Alyakin Dmitry S.
Published: January 2025

The paper examines the performance of obligations stemming from the contract for the transportation of oil through the system of the main pipelines and identifies the nature of this contractual structure under Russian law. The relevance of the paper arises from the need to establish a uniform and consistent legal framework for relations developing in the oil sector of the fuel and energy industry of Russia using oil transportation as an example. The research aim is to examine the essence and characteristics of the performance of these obligations, mainly the oil transportation obligation, and the legal nature of the contract that formalises them. The material was the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts, national standards and technical documents ruling oil quality and the process of its transportation, as well as domestic authors’ studies in the field of civil law. The methodological basis consisted of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, analogy) and special legal methods (comparative-legal, formal-logical, historical, systemic, structural-functional methods, and a method of interpretation). It is justified that the relations for the transportation of oil through the system of the main oil pipelines are closer to the obligations for the provision of fee-based services, although do not fully correspond to their legal nature. Due performance of the transportation obligation involves receiving, at the point of departure and delivery, for a fee, of a specified quantity and quality of oil through the system of the main oil pipelines to the destination within the agreed period. Good faith performance of this obligation implies compliance with the requirements of fair dealing, cooperation between parties and cost-effectiveness. Due and good faith performance of obligations stemming from the contract for the transportation of oil through the system of the main oil pipelines is designed to contribute to the balanced development of the oil and related industries of the Russian economy and to ensure national energy security. There are not enough special civil law norms that would regulate these relations in detail. The existing gaps might be filled through the adoption of a federal law.
Исследования несимволического чувства числа с помощью айтрекинга: систематический обзор
Authors: Миронец Софья А. , Котюсов Александр И. , Косаченко Александра И. , Денисова Илона В. , Кузьмина Юлия В.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The processing of quantitative information is one of the basic processes that ensures successful interaction with the environment. In one form or another, this ability is found in a large number of biological species. In humans, the specifics of processing quantitative information in different formats are analysed in experimental and correlational studies using various methods and approaches, including eye tracking. Eye tracking makes it possible to follow the mechanisms of the formation of the mental representation of quantity and to evaluate the connection of the non-symbolic "sense of number" with the systems of representation of other visual parameters, such as the size of objects.
Methods. This paper presents a systematic review of eye tracking studies of non-symbolic numerosity estimation published from 2008 to 2023. A search of Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases identified 13 studies.
Results and Discussion. The research questions, the characteristics of the tasks and stimulus materials used, the characteristics of the sample and the results obtained have been systematised. This review highlights the mechanisms of operation of the numerosity representation system and the characteristics of conducting eye-tracking studies to investigate them.
Interação in vitro entre espermatozoides de catetos (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758) e substratos heterólogos
Authors:   , Campos Lívia Batista
Published: January 2025

Os testes convencionais, que avaliam a qualidade seminal, não possuem a capacidade de predizer o potencial fecundante de uma amostra. Com o intuito de superar esse entrave, objetivou-se determinar a capacidade dos espermatozoides de catetos em promover interações com oócitos suínos recuperados de folículos antrais, bem como a capacidade de ligação à membrana perivitelina do ovo de galinha e identificação das relações dos mesmos com os parâmetros espermáticos. Para tanto, o estudo foi dividido
em dois experimentos, sendo utilizados 11 catetos machos, oriundos do Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres (CEMAS/UFERSA). Em todos os experimentos, o
sêmen foi colhido por eletroejaculação e avaliado quanto à motilidade espermática, vigor, viabilidade, morfologia, parâmetros cinéticos por análise computadorizada (CASA),
integridade e funcionalidade da membrana espermática. No primeiro experimento, as amostras de sêmen fresco foram analisadas pelo teste de interação in vitro com oócitos
suínos em 5% CO2 por 18 h a 38,5ºC. Assim, verificou-se que em todos os oócitos avaliados existia a presença de interações com espermatozoides (média de 100 ± 0,0),
tendo sido observado uma média de 19,85 ± 5,5 de oócitos com espermatozoides penetrados, 39,4 ± 4,6 espermatozoides ligados/oócito e 2,46 ± 0,7 espermatozoides penetrados/oócito. Ainda, observou-se uma significativa associação entre o número de espermatozoides ligados com índice de progressão (R=61,7%). No segundo experimento, o sêmen foi criopreservado em diluente a base de Tris, suplementado com gema de ovo (10%), Aloe vera (10%) e glicerol (3%). Após a descongelação, as amostras foram analisadas pelo teste de ligação à membrana perivitelina da gema do ovo de galinha, que foi realizado em atmosfera controlada contendo 5% CO2 por 20 min a 38,5ºC. As
amostras de sêmen fresco apresentaram 140,6 ± 19,4 espermatozoides ligados a membrana perivitelina (taxa de variação de 33,9 308,7), já no sêmen
congelado/descongelado, verificaram-se 125,1 ± 5,5 espermatozoides ligados (taxa de variação de 49,8 250,07) (P>0,05). Em adição, observou-se a existência de relações entre o teste de ligação e os parâmetros espermáticos: vigor (54,6%), deslocamento lateral
da cabeça (R=55,1%), frequência de batimento cruzado (R=76,8%), índice de progressão (R=61,8%) e índice de linearidade (R=62,2%). Diante disso, conclui-se que ambos os
testes podem ser utilizados para a avaliação funcional dos espermatozoides de catetos. Ainda, o teste de ligação à membrana perivitelina é um método confiável, prático e
relativamente simples e que pode ser eficientemente incorporado à análise de rotina de amostras de sêmen catetos.
Estrutura da população e período reprodutivo de Leporinus piau Fowler, 1941(Characiformes: Anostomidae) no reservatório de pau dos ferros, semiárido brasileiro
Authors:   , Araújo Darlan Dantas Alves de
Published: January 2025

No nordeste brasileiro devido a sazonalidade dos rios e rede hidrológica modesta, foi estabelecida uma política de segurança hídrica, baseada na acumulação de água nos períodos de chuva, pela construção de reservatórios. Este processo gerou benefícios humanos, mas também consequências ecológicas, como a perda de biodiversidade aquática, alteração na conectividade dos corpos d água e modificação de processos biológicos como a reprodução e o recrutamento de espécies. No reservatório de Pau dos Ferros, bacia do Rio Apodi/Mossoró, a espécie Leporinus piau Fowler,1941, apresenta grande importância na pesca artesanal e de subsistência, no entanto é necessário conhecer melhor a sua biologia, para estabelecer medidas de conservação e manejo pesqueiro mais eficazes.Neste contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura da população e a dinâmica reprodutiva de L.piau no reservatório de Pau dos Ferros. As capturas foram feitas com redes de espera de diferentes malhas, entre 17h e 05h. Os peixes capturados foram contados, medidos o comprimento padrão (cm) e peso total (g) e dissecados para identificação do sexo e estágio de maturação gonadal. O maior valor de CPUE ocorreu em maio de 2011 (0,0259 ind. m2 * h) e o menor em agosto de 2012 (0,0008 ind. m2 * h). O comprimento padrão variou de 5,9 a 20,7cm e o peso de 4,16 a 271,5g. A classe de tamanho 10 a 15cm foi a mais frequente para os dois sexos. A espécie apresentou crescimento isométrico (b=3,01) e, L50 estimado em 12,76cm. Foram coletados 555 indivíduos, 276 jovens e 279 adultos, destes 180 machos e 99 fêmeas (1,81: 1)M:F. O maior valor de IGS ocorreu em fevereiro de 2011 para fêmeas (10,69) e machos (5,72). Houve correlação significativa e positiva entre IGS e pluviosidade. Concluímos que a população de L. piau está estabelecida no reservatório com alterações em seus atributos populacionais como a proporção sexual ou mesmo o comprimento de primeira maturação e o período reprodutivo ocorreu entre fevereiro e maio.
Avaliação da microbiota lática cultivável de leite bovino e queijo coalho produzidos no Rio Grande do Norte
Authors:   , Souza Lara Barbosa de
Published: January 2025

Leite e derivados são alimentos de alto valor nutricional. E, consequentemente, fazem parte da dieta da população brasileira em uma ampla faixa etária. Devido a sua composição, estes alimentos representam um ótimo meio para o desenvolvimento de micro-organismos. O interesse dos consumidores por alimentos mais saudáveis faz crescer a busca por novos métodos de conservação, que preservem as características organolépticas do alimento e contribuam na qualidade. O conhecimento da população microbiana de leite e derivados auxilia na caracterização das condições de higiene da matéria-prima e dos processos de produção de derivados. Além disso, também constitui uma ferramenta para o estudo do potencial biotecnológico de bactérias ácido-láticas (BAL), naturalmente presentes nestes alimentos, as quais estão diretamente ligadas à formação do ácido lático, contribuindo na coagulação do leite. Essas bactérias são apontadas como principal fator capaz de inibir o desenvolvimento de micro-organismos patogênicos e deteriorantes. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a microbiota de leite e queijo coalho produzidos no semiárido do Brasil. Foram analisadas 23 amostras, sendo 12 de leite bovino cru e 11 de queijo coalho, submetidas a análises microbiológicas para contagem de bactérias mesófilas, contagem de Staphylococcus spp., Número Mais Provável de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, isolamento e caracterização de bactérias láticas e ainda teste de antagonismo frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Eschechia coli ATCC 25922. Apenas uma amostra apresentou contagem bacteriana reduzida, em relação a todos os micro-organismos analisados. Foram obtidas 56 cepas de BAL, das quais 29 (51,78%) foram oriundas das amostras de leite e 27 (48,22%) das amostras de queijo coalho. Do total, 36 (64,3%) isolados de bactérias ácido-láticas (BAL) demonstraram atividade antagonista contra os micro-organismos indicadores. O maior efeito inibitório observado foi obtido pelos isolados das amostras de leite frente a E. coli. As cepas de BAL demonstraram efeito inibitório frente aos micro-organismos estudados, evidenciando seu potencial tecnológico e sua possível utilização como bioconservantes em alimentos, contribuindo na melhoria da qualidade do produto e na redução da microbiota indesejada.
Influência da estrutura da paisagem sobre a produção e qualidade de mel da abelha jandaíra (Melipona subnitida, Apidae: Meliponini) na Caatinga
Authors:   , Felipe Neto Carlos Antonio Lira
Published: January 2025

Embora a provisão de diversos serviços ecossistêmicos tenha-se mostrado afetada por mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra, a relação entre a estrutura da paisagem e a produção e qualidade de mel de abelhas sem ferrão ainda não foi estudada. Neste trabalho analisamos a influência da estrutura da paisagem sobre a produção e a qualidade de mel da abelha jandaíra (Melipona subnitida) na Caatinga do Rio Grande do Norte. Para isso, 15 meliponários foram selecionados em diversas áreas do Estado, situados em zonas urbanas e rurais e representados por diferentes estruturas da paisagem. Fizemos mapeamentos do uso e cobertura do solo em escalas de 300, 1000, 2000 e 3000 metros ao redor de cada meliponário. As paisagens foram classificadas com base em 6 variáveis: mata primária, mata secundária, cultura arbórea, uso diverso do solo, corpo d água e área urbanizada. De acordo com esses mapeamentos, calculamos diferentes métricas da paisagem, utilizando os programas ArcGIS 10.3 e Fragstats. Em cada meliponário foram escolhidas aleatoriamente três colônias de M. subnitida. De cada colônia foi retirada uma amostra de mel. O mel coletado foi encaminhado ao laboratório da UFERSA para diagnóstico físico-químico (umidade, pH, atividade de água, açúcares redutores, sacarose aparente e acidez) e sensorial (cor). Das colônias selecionadas também foram realizadas medições (comprimento, altura e largura) dos favos de cria, dos potes de mel e da caixa racional para avaliação da condição da colônia. Fizemos também entrevistas aos meliponicultores sobre a produção de mel e quantidade de colônias no meliponário. Os dados de produção e qualidade de mel, bem como de condição das colônias, foram então relacionados com as diferentes métricas da paisagem, utilizando um procedimento de seleção de modelos. Os resultados mostraram que a proximidade e quantidade de áreas de mata primária tiveram um efeito nos parâmetros de qualidade do mel. A classe da paisagem mata secundária teve efeito positivo no pH e na coloração do mel e negativo no espaço não utilizado das caixas racionais de criação de M. subnitida. Já a quantidade de área urbanizada ao redor dos meliponários relacionou-se de maneira negativa com a umidade do mel e positiva com o espaço não utilizado das caixas racionais. Portanto, proteger as áreas de caatinga preservada e as matas secundárias é a base para alicerçamos o refúgio para os polinizadores e garantir os seus serviços ecossistêmicos para o presente e futuro.
From Structure to Function: Isatin Derivatives as a Promising Class of
Antiviral Agents
Authors: Jamwal Anshul , Sharma Shagun , Kapoor V.K , Chauhan Raveen , Dua Kamal , Dalwal Vikrant , Kumar Akshay , Prasher Parteek , Negi Poonam
Published: January 2025

A range of heterocyclic compounds, including Isatin (oneH-indole-2, 3-dione) and its
by-products, have been shown to represent potential unit blocks in the synthesis of potential medicinal agents. Numerous studies have been carried out on isatin, its synthesis, biological uses,
and its chemical composition since when it was discovered. Functionally, these isatin-containing
heterocycles have demonstrated antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiviral, antitubercular, and anticancer
properties, among many others. In vitro and In vivo efficaciousness of several Isatin moieties has
been assessed in recent years based on their antimicrobial qualities. Isatin has shown great promise as a flexible heterocycle in the realm of drug development in recent years. Many viruses have
caused extensive epidemics during the last 50 years, which have had detrimental effects on social,
economic, and health conditions. The current unprecedented SARS-CoV-2 epidemic necessitates
intensive research into the development of potent antiviral medications. It has been shown that
Isatin, a flexible heterocycle, has a great deal of potential for drug development. Appropriately
functionalized Isatin compounds have shown noteworthy and extensive antiviral activities
throughout the last fifty years. The goal of this study is to gather all known data on Isatin derivatives' antiviral activity, emphasizing their structure-activity correlations as well as research on
mechanistic and molecular modelling. We think that the scientific community will find this review to be a useful tool in the development of more efficient and powerful antiviral treatments
based on Isatin scaffolds.
Association Between Metabolomics Findings and Brain Hypometabolism in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease#
Authors: Mir Moein , Khosravani Parinaz , Ramezannezhad Elham , Saadabad Fatemeh Pourali , Falahati Marjan , Ghanbarian Mahsa , Saberian Parsa , Sadeghi Mohammad , Niknam Nafise , Ghejelou Sanaz Eskandari , Jafari Masoumeh , Gulisashvili David , Mayeli Mahsa
Published: January 2025

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition
with rising prevalence due to the aging global population. Existing methods for diagnosing AD
are struggling to detect the condition in its earliest and most treatable stages. One early indicator
of AD is a substantial decrease in the brain’s glucose metabolism. Metabolomics can detect
metabolic disturbances in biofluids, which may be advantageous for early detection of some ADrelated
changes. The study aims to predict brain hypometabolism in Alzheimer's disease using
metabolomics findings and develop a predictive model based on metabolomic data.

Methods:

The data used in this study were acquired from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging
Initiative (ADNI) project. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study with three assessment time
points to investigate the predictive ability of baseline metabolomic data for modeling longitudinal
fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) trajectory changes in AD patients.
A total number of 44 participants with AD were included. The cognitive abilities of participants
were evaluated using the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) and the Mini-Mental
State Examination (MMSE), while the overall severity of dementia was measured by the Clinical
Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB). We employed the ADNI’s FDG MetaROIs (Meta Regions
of Interest) dataset to identify AD-associated hypometabolism in the brain. These MetaROIs
were selected based on areas frequently mentioned in FDG-PET studies of AD and MCI subjects.

Results:

Across models, we observed consistent positive relationships between specific cholesterol
esters - CE (20:3) (p = 0.005) and CE (18:3) (p = 0.0039) - and FDG-PET metrics, indicating
these baseline metabolites may be valuable indicators of future PET score changes. Selected triglycerides
like DG-O (16:0-20:4) also showed time-specific positive associations (p = 0.017).

Conclusion:

This research provides new insights into the disruptions in the metabolic network
linked to AD pathology. These findings could pave the way for identifying novel biomarkers and
potential treatment targets for AD.
A Reinforcement Learning Inspired Approach for Efficient Cognitive Radio Network Routing
Authors: Tomar Parul , Joon Ranjita , Kumar Gyanendra , P Karthik
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

One fundamental characteristic of Cognitive Radio Networks
(CRNs) is their dynamic operating environment, where network conditions, such as the activities
of Primary Users (PUs), undergo continuous changes over time. While Secondary Users
(SUs) are engaged in communication, if a PU reappears on an SU's channel, the SU is required
to vacate the channel and switch to another available channel. Thus, finding a stable route that
minimizes frequent channel switches is a challenging task in CRNs.

Method:

Existing solutions to reduce PU interference often overlook the energy consumption
of nodes when forming clusters, focusing solely on the minimum number of common channels
in a cluster. Consequently, these schemes suffer from frequent channel switches due to PU appearances.
The proposed Cognitive Radio Network Routing (CRNR) approach aims to minimize
frequent channel switches by employing a Reinforcement Learning (RL) technique called
Q-Learning to select stable routes with channels exhibiting higher OFF-state probabilities.

Result:

This strategy ensures that selected routes avoid rerouting by prioritizing channels with
higher off-state probabilities. Experimental studies demonstrate that the CRNR approach enhances
network throughput and reduces interference when compared with existing techniques.
CRNR introduces a novel application of AI, use of Q-Learning, a reinforcement learning technique
in wireless networks.

Conclusion:

This bridges the gap between machine learning and network design, showcasing
how intelligent algorithms can optimize communication decisions in real-time, which could inspire
further exploration of AI-driven techniques in network management and beyond.

conclusion:

The CRNR approach, through the use of Q-Learning and channel selection based on OFF-state probabilities, provides a more stable routing solution in CRNs. It enhances network performance by reducing rerouting and interference while addressing energy consumption concerns during cluster formation.
Criatividade algorítmica?
Authors: Cuzziol Marcos
Published: January 2025

Programas de computador ou algoritmos nada mais são que sequências de instruções escritas por programadores. Entretanto, certos programas atuais geram resultados surpreendentes até mesmo para seus criadores. São textos e imagens que parecem ter sido criados intencionalmente como resposta a meros prompts de usuários ou a critérios predefinidos. Essas constatações conduzem a uma pergunta incômoda que talvez tendamos a desprezar por soar quase blasfema: algoritmos podem exibir algum nível de criatividade?
Urgency Prediction for Medical Laboratory Tests Through Optimal Sparse Decision Tree: Case Study With Echocardiograms (Preprint)
Authors: Jiang Yiqun , Li Qing , Huang Yu-Li , Zhang Wenli
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

In the contemporary realm of health care, laboratory tests stand as cornerstone components, driving the advancement of precision medicine. These tests offer intricate insights into a variety of medical conditions, thereby facilitating diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. However, the accessibility of certain tests is hindered by factors such as high costs, a shortage of specialized personnel, or geographic disparities, posing obstacles to achieving equitable health care. For example, an echocardiogram is a type of laboratory test that is extremely important and not easily accessible. The increasing demand for echocardiograms underscores the imperative for more efficient scheduling protocols. Despite this pressing need, limited research has been conducted in this area.

OBJECTIVE

The study aims to develop an interpretable machine learning model for determining the urgency of patients requiring echocardiograms, thereby aiding in the prioritization of scheduling procedures. Furthermore, this study aims to glean insights into the pivotal attributes influencing the prioritization of echocardiogram appointments, leveraging the high interpretability of the machine learning model.

METHODS

Empirical and predictive analyses have been conducted to assess the urgency of patients based on a large real-world echocardiogram appointment dataset (ie, 34,293 appointments) sourced from electronic health records encompassing administrative information, referral diagnosis, and underlying patient conditions. We used a state-of-the-art interpretable machine learning algorithm, the optimal sparse decision tree (OSDT), renowned for its high accuracy and interpretability, to investigate the attributes pertinent to echocardiogram appointments.

RESULTS

The method demonstrated satisfactory performance (F1-score=36.18% with an improvement of 1.7% and F2-score=28.18% with an improvement of 0.79% by the best-performing baseline model) in comparison to the best-performing baseline model. Moreover, due to its high interpretability, the results provide valuable medical insights regarding the identification of urgent patients for tests through the extraction of decision rules from the OSDT model.

CONCLUSIONS

The method demonstrated state-of-the-art predictive performance, affirming its effectiveness. Furthermore, we validate the decision rules derived from the OSDT model by comparing them with established medical knowledge. These interpretable results (eg, attribute importance and decision rules from the OSDT model) underscore the potential of our approach in prioritizing patient urgency for echocardiogram appointments and can be extended to prioritize other laboratory test appointments using electronic health record data.

CLINICALTRIAL
Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Modulation of Dopaminergic Midbrain Activity in Young Adults With Elevated Internet Gaming Disorder Risk: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Gu Anqi , Chan Cheng Lam , Xu Xiaolei , Dexter Joseph P , Becker Benjamin , Zhao Zhiying
Published: January 2025

UNSTRUCTURED

This study provides preliminary evidence for real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (rt-fMRI NF) as a potential intervention approach for internet gaming disorder (IGD). In a preregistered, randomized, single-blind trial, young individuals with elevated IGD risk were trained to downregulate gaming addiction–related brain activity. We show that, after 2 sessions of neurofeedback training, participants successfully downregulated their brain responses to gaming cues, suggesting the therapeutic potential of rt-fMRI NF for IGD (Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06063642; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06063642).
Visual Pathways to AI Literacy: Challenges and Lessons Learned in the Medical Domain (Preprint)
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Sr Pablo , Vázquez-Ingelmo Andrea , Zani Marco Terzo , Vicente-Palacios Victor , Sánchez-Puente Antonio , García-Peñalvo Francisco José , Sánchez Pedro Luis
Published: January 2025

UNSTRUCTURED

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly popular in medical research for its perceived advantages in accuracy and dealing with large quantities of data. However, healthcare professionals are rarely experts in AI, which in turn may lead to methodological and reproducibility deficiencies in published research. These non-experts are often users of visual programming platforms, which allow for the creation of machine learning (ML) workflows without extensive programming knowledge. In this article, we will analyze these visual platforms and the challenges they face, with a particular interest in the educative point of view. In addition, to enhance the usability and educational value of visual ML platforms, several improvements are proposed based on user feedback and observed issues. These include segmenting the workflow into distinct phases for data management and ML processing, introducing an interactive tutorial library, providing a curated database library, implementing an icon glossary for better visual comprehension, and integrating a customized checklist to ensure methodological rigor. These enhancements are expected to address identified gaps in AI literacy among healthcare professionals, improving platform usability and research quality. Future evaluations will focus on the effectiveness of these changes in facilitating better user understanding and more reliable AI applications in medical research.
Combating Anti-Feminism and Building Strategies for Gender Equality
Authors: Fagundes-Ausani Mariana
Published: January 2025

This study examines digital feminist media outlets in Brazil and France, exploring their strategies to promote gender equality and combat hate speech. Focusing on three outlets from each country, the research employs a multi-site ethnographic approach, including 63 in-depth interviews with content producers, support teams, and audiences. The findings reveal that discovering sexist and exclusionary sociopolitical structures often catalyzes engagement in feminist activism, with emotional responses—particularly anger and frustration—serving as primary drivers for action. Engagement in digital feminist spaces fosters collective exchange and creates connections extending beyond the digital sphere. The research highlights the complex interplay between digital platforms, feminist ideology, and grassroots activism in shaping contemporary gender equality movements, contributing to our understanding of how digital feminist media navigate online activism challenges while fostering community and driving social change.
Desentrañando los secretos genéticos de la mente: historia y desafíos
Authors: Martínez Levy Gabriela Ariadna
Published: January 2025

La genética psiquiátrica tiene una historia fascinante y compleja. Desde el siglo XVIII se observó que los comportamientos patológicos se agregan en familias. En la búsqueda de ese componente heredado, esta historia tuvo un capítulo oscuro con el movimiento eugenésico, que resultó en prácticas discriminatorias. Estudios posteriores en familias, gemelos y sujetos adoptados concluyeron que los trastornos mentales resultan de la interacción entre genética y ambiente, pero no identificaron un gen responsable. Hoy sabemos que el componente genético se explica, en parte, por miles de variantes genéticas, cuyo efecto combinado puede medirse con puntajes poligénicos (PGS). Aunque prometedores, los PGS aún no son útiles clínicamente porque explican una fracción mínima del riesgo. Para mejorar su precisión es fundamental incluir en las investigaciones muestras más grandes y diversas genéticamente, como la población mexicana. Independientemente de los grandes logros alcanzados, aún falta mucho para integrar la complejidad biológica que explica la psicopatología.
En busca de la inmunidad perdida
Authors: Palacios Boix Alberto, A.
Published: January 2025

"Con el título de este ensayo, que pretende aludir a la obra magna proustiana, quiero relatarles cómo se ha fabricado (y refrendado) uno de los anhelos más consistentes de nuestra especie: à la recherche de l’immortalité". Con este pretexto, el autor realiza un interesante recorrido sobre los postulados de la medicina en diferentes épocas y culturas, hasta llevarnos a la reflexión de la curación basada en el conocimiento científico disponible y el ethos de la profesión médica.
Volcán de Colima
Authors: Martin del Pozzo Ana Lilian
Published: January 2025

Volcán Colima is currently one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Mexico. It presents hazards at various scales. It has a history of frequent eruptions during the past 450 years, for which there are written records. To better understand the nature of the volcano and predict its future activity, the level of scientific investigation has greatly increased in recent years. The articles in this volume summarize current information on a variety of topics related to the geology and geophysics of the Colima. They vere assembled as part of a co-operative scientific project to analyze and mitigate the risk at this volcano.
Concepciones sobre competencias matemáticas que tienen los docentes de educación primaria en las Instituciones Educativas del norte de Nariño
Authors: Urbano Muñoz Johny Antonio
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar las concepciones sobre competencias matemáticas que tienen los docentes de educación primaria en las instituciones educativas del Norte de Nariño, con lo cual se busca tener un acercamiento a la comprensión de las concepciones que tienen los docentes sobre las competencias matemáticas, las cuales se aplican en losprocesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje dentro del área.La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo. La investigación es cualitativa al tratarse de un estudio que indaga las concepciones sobre competencias matemáticas de un grupo de docentes que ejercen su profesión en instituciones educativas del norte de Nariño y es descriptivo porque caracteriza las concepciones por medio de la recolección y análisis de información, determinando tendencias en el pensamiento del profesor.El estudio se desarrolla con un grupo de 18 docentes pertenecientes al nivel de básica primaria, de establecimiento educativos urbanos y rurales de 6 municipios del norte de Nariño.Se llega a la conclusión que, para los docentes de educación primaria, las concepciones sobre competencias matemáticas se pueden definir como el uso de conocimientos para adquirir, comprender e interpretar información que les permita a los estudiantes desarrollar habilidades para aplicar conocimientos con el objetivo de solucionar, resolver y desarrollar problemas dados en su contexto y en su vida cotidiana.
A Representação dos Brechós na Mídia: entre o ativismo e o mercado
Authors: Perecin Tondato Marcia , Giselda Vilaça Maria
Published: January 2025

In this article, the growth of thrift stores considering the discourses of journalistic articles was problematized, verifying how suchstores are represented there, and the way it is reflected in blogs and columns from the different Brazilian regions. To discuss about the media representation focused on promoting thrift stores as a consumer call for mobilization, Paul Du Gay's Circuit of Culture was used as an analytical tool. Althoughthe centrality of representation highlights the second-hand market as a business opportunity, it also signals the thrift store as a potential space for collective action in view of sustainable consumption, with benefits that go beyond individual interests, whether in the financial aspect or in search for different styles.
Práticas de contestação da publicidade de moda no Instagram
Authors: Capelaro Julia , Wottrich Laura
Published: January 2025

The present work discusses the tensions created between the fields of sustainability and advertising through the exploration of contemporary activism on the subject. We explore advertising contestation practices about sustainability on digital platforms, with an empirical focus on the practices of individuals about the brand Shein on Instagram. Through interviews with fivecontesting interlocutors, we seek to comprehend what they understand by sustainability, advertising and their motivations for carrying out their activism on Instagram. As a result, it was possible to identify that the interviewees relate to sustainabilitythrough conscious consumption, with consumption being the main focus of the tensions in the relationship between sustainability and the advertising of the brand in question. The interviewees were mobilized by an opportunity to highlight themes that they believe are relevant regarding sustainability, based on the brand's success, with the aim of dialoguing with fashion consumers.
Re - appraising the Tax Exemption of Social Enterprises (SEs) in Malaysia: Selected Tax Exemption Theories
Authors: Md Radzi Mohd Shahril Nizam , Mohd Ariffin Rabiatul Adawiyah , Abd Aziz Hartinie , Abd Ghadas Zuhairah Ariff , Anas Andi Muhammad Aswin
Published: January 2025

Re-appraising the tax exemption of social enterprises (SEs) in Malaysia from a theoretical perspective involves the underlying frameworks that justify the current tax policies applied to SEs. SEs have increasingly become pivotal in addressing societal challenges such as poverty alleviation, environmental sustainability and community development. The approach taken by Malaysian government to taxing SEs has a notable effect in achieving their social goals. One of the significant constraints for SEs in Malaysia is their tax treatment as business entities. Despite their main purpose is for public good, identical to charitable organizations, SEs are subject to taxation like business entities. Particularly, SEs are not entitled for the tax benefit as offered to charitable organizations. The tax regulatory framework does not recognize a SEs by the legal definition and there are no established tax incentives in the current legal framework that are specific to SEs. Despite the clear fact that charity organizations and charitable activities are exempted from tax, there is no tax exemption granted for SEs in Malaysia. Consequently, SEs are treated as business entities under Income Tax Act 1967. This article utilizes the argument to justify tax exemption for SEs in Malaysia. For the purpose of this discussion, this paper applied library research approach combining legal research methodology which mainly involves document analysis such as case law, legal provision and legal theories to see how they might be used to the subject matter. The paper makes a finding that tax exemption for SEs in Malaysia could be justified based on the theories of Public Good Theory, Donative Theory and the Subsidy Theory. By applying this notion, tax exemption should be granted to SEs not only for charitable organizations
The Leadership Work of Mobilizing Committed Future Action: An Ethnomethodological Approach
Authors:   , Nielsen Elisabet Skov
Published: January 2025

Many contemporary organizations operate in complex, changing environments that require organizational actors to continuously identify and actively engage in the leadership work of producing direction and organizing future action around emerging issues in everyday work. While leadership studies have long focused on individual leaders, there is increasing attention to the collaborative leadership work that take place throughout the organization.
However, leadership literature carries a baggage of romanticized notions of someone or something extraordinary, which have taken new forms in today’s pluralistic understandings of leadership. Idealized expectations and glossy images, not only of individual leaders but also of leadership collaboration, are alive and well. For leadership theory and research to provide realistic depictions of how actors succeed in leading together, and the difficulties and tensions involved in this work, more practice-oriented studies are needed.
This dissertation studies the collaborative work of leadership actors in mobilizing committed future action on organizational issues in everyday interactions. It examines the work, challenges, and practices involved in mobilizing commitment as a situated social action by which someone visibly commits to taking responsibility and action on a given issue.
To this end, the dissertation employs ethnomethodological conversation analysis (EMCA), which is concerned with how actions are organized and mutual understandings are produced through situated talk and interaction. It draws on ethnographic data collected from two Danish organizations, including interviews, observations, and video recordings of meeting interactions.
The three included articles show that the leadership work involved in mobilizing committed future action centrally consists of negotiating the nature of a problem, available solutions, ownership, individual and shared accountabilities, as well as ongoing improvisation and balancing of influence attempts to elicit a committed rather than a compliant response. This collaboratively accomplished leadership work comprises ambiguities, dilemmas, conflicts, and power dynamics that leadership actors navigate to reach sufficiently clarified agreements and commitments.
The dissertation contributes to existing leadership theory by demonstrating that leadership work in practice is both mundane and incredibly complex; it serves as a central site for constructing and deconstructing agency; and it primarily involves skillfully improvising, balancing, and adapting one's contributions and influence attempts to fit the situation and interaction at hand.
Is Radicalism The Key? Radicalism as A Moderator of The Consequentialist Moral Processing to Support Terrorism
Authors: Risnawati Erna , Wardani Laila Meiliyandrie Indah , Pratana Muhammad , Valeria Yekti Kwasaning Gusti  , Sa'diah Siti
Published: January 2025

The fight against terrorism is is complex and multifaceted. Many factors can contribute to support for terrorism, with individual characteristics playing a significant role. Among these characteristics, the process of moral reasoning, pecifically, consequentialist moral processing—greatly influences an individual's decision-making, including their potential support for terrorism. This study explores the relationship between consequentialist moral processing, radicalism, and support for terrorism. 390 respondents were included consisting of 318 male and 72 female, aged 18-45 years, from various religious organizations (Islam, Catholic, Christian, Hindu and Buddhis). The sampling process conducted by Purposive sampling. Measuring instruments used were the Consequentialist Moral Processing questionnaire and a questionnaire in support of terrorism. This study uses a mediation analysis. The results of this study indicate that radicalism plays an effective role as mediator between consequentialist moral processing and support for terrorism. This means that consequentialist moral processing will contribute to supporting terrorism if through radicalism as a mediator. The results of the research become a paradox that radicalism and support for terrorism not only apply to Islamic organizations but also apply to all religious organizations. The results of this study enlighten us on the psychological literature, especially in the case of terrorism.