bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI-driven disinformation: a framework for organizational preparation and response
Authors: Karinshak Elise , Jin Yan
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Disinformation, false information designed with the intention to mislead, can significantly damage organizational operation and reputation, interfering with communication and relationship management in a wide breadth of risk and crisis contexts. Modern digital platforms and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), introduce novel risks in crisis management (Guthrie and Rich, 2022). Disinformation literature in security and computer science has assessed how previously introduced technologies have affected disinformation, demanding a systematic and coordinated approach for sustainable counter-disinformation efforts. However, there is a lack of theory-driven, evidence-based research and practice in public relations that advises how organizations can effectively and proactively manage risks and crises driven by AI (Guthrie and Rich, 2022).

Design/methodology/approach

As a first step in closing this research-practice gap, the authors first synthesize theoretical and technical literature characterizing the effects of AI on disinformation. Upon this review, the authors propose a conceptual framework for disinformation response in the corporate sector that assesses (1) technologies affecting disinformation attacks and counterattacks and (2) how organizations can proactively prepare and equip communication teams to better protect businesses and stakeholders.

Findings

This research illustrates that future disinformation response efforts will not be able to rely solely on detection strategies, as AI-created content quality becomes more and more convincing (and ultimately, indistinguishable), and that future disinformation management efforts will need to rely on content influence rather than volume (due to emerging capabilities for automated production of disinformation). Built upon these fundamental, literature-driven characteristics, the framework provides organizations actor-level and content-level perspectives for influence and discusses their implications for disinformation management.

Originality/value

This research provides a theoretical basis and practitioner insights by anticipating how AI technologies will impact corporate disinformation attacks and outlining how companies can respond. The proposed framework provides a theory-driven, practical approach for effective, proactive disinformation management systems with the capacity and agility to detect risks and mitigate crises driven by evolving AI technologies. Together, this framework and the discussed strategies offer great value to forward-looking disinformation management efforts. Subsequent research can build upon this framework as AI technologies are deployed in disinformation campaigns, and practitioners can leverage this framework in the development of counter-disinformation efforts.
Globalization–health outcomes nexus and institutional intermediation in Nigeria
Authors: Omosuyi Oluseyi
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The role institutional quality plays in the rising pace of globalization and its associated health effects remain unclear in the literature. This study, therefore, empirically examined the moderating role of institutional quality on the globalization-health outcomes nexus in Nigeria, a country with a relatively weak health system.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) to estimate the empirical models. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Canonical Cointegration Regression (CCR) techniques were thereafter used to check the consistency and robustness of our results. Annual time-series data spanning from 1984 to 2020 were sourced from the World Development Indicator, KOF Globalization Index, International Countries Risk Guide (ICRG) and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin databases.

Findings

The results revealed that overall globalization and its three dimensional components (economic, political and social globalization) adversely affect life expectancy in their separate models, but increased life expectancy significantly after their interaction with government effectiveness. Also, real GDP, health aids, government recurrent health expenditure are other determinants of life expectancy in Nigeria.

Practical implications

The Nigerian government should put in place appropriate mechanisms directed toward building and sustaining government effectiveness. This will help mitigate the negative effects of globalization and utilize its net positive benefits to improve life expectancy in Nigeria.

Originality/value

The research is the first to comprehensively examine the moderating impact of institutional quality on the nexus between overall globalization as well as its three dimensional components (economic, political and social) on health outcomes in Nigeria.
Performance differentials of necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs: through the lens of motivation to learn and female entrepreneurial competencies
Authors: Lingappa Anasuya Kulshekar , Rodrigues Lewlyn Lester Raj , Shetty Dasharathraj K.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Women entrepreneurs are often categorized and assessed for various outcomes based on their start-up motivations. It is generally assumed that entrepreneurs with opportunity motivation have better performance when compared to necessity entrepreneurs. This study aims to test these suppositions through the lens of the entrepreneur’s motivation to learn (MTL) and level of female entrepreneurial competencies (FECs), namely, business and management, entrepreneurial, human relations (HR) and personal.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collected from 344 respondents through a survey questionnaire was analyzed using the structural equation modelling – partial least squares method using SmartPLS 4.

Findings

The findings highlight the need of recognizing the differentials between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs as they were found to influence performance and learning outcomes. Opportunity entrepreneurship was found to significantly impact both MTL and the FECs. The authors also observed that business and management skills along with HR competencies played a greater role in the firm performance.

Practical implications

The findings demonstrate a case for specialized, tailor-made policy approaches rather than the “one size fits all” approach as evident in many government programs. As necessity entrepreneurs form a vital part of the Indian entrepreneurial ecosystem, apart from mentoring, need-based competency development programs may be looked at. Opportunity entrepreneurs may need support and encouragement through advanced skilling and uncomplicated funding options.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, empirical studies related to women-owned micro, small and medium enterprises in India establishing the relationship between start-up motivation and business performance are scarce. Even in the global context, this is one of the initial studies to examine the relationship through the lens of MTL and competencies.
A structured literature review on green sukuk (Islamic bonds): implications for government policy and future studies
Authors: Ulfah Indar Fauziah , Sukmana Raditya , Laila Nisful , Sulaeman Sulaeman
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Green sukuk (Islamic bonds) is one of Islamic financial instrument as an alternative financing source for supporting green finance projects in several sectors such as renewable energy or climate change problems. The aim of study is to present an understanding of the issues, explore the lesson for government policy and identify the potential for future studies directions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducted a literature review on green sukuk or Islamic bonds based on eight journal databases. The authors have carried out a strict selection of journals that are only indexed by Scopus and are protected from predatory journals.

Findings

This study has selected 7 of 118 published articles on green topics. This study has found that 50% of green sukuk research is dominated by a theoretical qualitative approach. While research that uses a quantitative or empirical approach is still below 30%, followed by using mixed methods. This study finds that research discusses green sukuk on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or environmental issues, especially climate change, COVID-19 issues and green financial reporting. In addition, in the existing literature, this study found that green sukuk has main advantages instead of green bonds where green sukuk must comply with sharia principles, namely, being free from usury, interest and uncertainty.

Practical implications

This study analyzes two important implications, namely, first, the implications of government policies regarding the potential for issuing green sukuk in supporting all programs on the agenda for the 2030 SDGs, especially controlling and preventing the adverse impacts of global climate change; second, the implications for further research, further researchers can refer to the results of this review to make it easier to find new research things about the relationship of green sukuk with SGDs.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first review paper that structurally reviews the previous literature on green sukuk (Islamic bonds) based on reputable publisher journals that have been indexed by Scopus.
Investigating LOHAS for Muslim customers segment: does Islamic religiosity matter?
Authors: Mursid Ali
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The growing number of Muslim consumers pursuing a lifestyle of health and sustainability (LOHAS) under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic is interesting to assess; however, existing research focusing on this topic remains scarce. This study aims to address the research gaps and add to the body of knowledge from previous literature related to Islamic religiosity, environmental knowledge, LOHAS and Muslim customer well-being.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample used in this study is Muslim customers, including university students in a medical department and medical workers in Indonesia, using proportional random sampling methods with a total sample of 308 respondents.

Findings

The results demonstrate that Islamic religiosity positively and significantly impacts environmental knowledge, LOHAS and Muslim customer well-being. Similarly, environmental knowledge positively and significantly influences LOHAS, and subsequently, LOHAS fruitfully impacts Muslim customer well-being.

Practical implications

The results can assist managers of eco-friendly and healthy products or services and public policymakers in their effort to enhance LOHAS, particularly for Indonesian Muslim consumers to accomplish well-being considering their Islamic religiosity.

Social implications

The results of this study help society protect a sustainable environment by increasing their environmental knowledge and LOHAS. Based on Islamic religion, society recognize how important environmental issues are to keep the environment safe in the future and build the culture of LOHAS to achieve their well-being.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the body of marketing literature for Muslim green consumer behaviour in particular and the LOHAS of the Muslim customer segment based on Islamic religiosity.
Sustainable supply chain practices and blockchain technology in garment industry: an empirical study on sustainability aspect
Authors: Shah Adeel , Soomro Musawir Ali , Zahid Piprani Arsalan , Yu Zhang , Tanveer Muhammad
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The desire of international retail brands to implement sustainable supply chain practices in the fashion value chain and improve suppliers' sustainability efforts; this research paper elucidates the relationship between blockchain technology and sustainability to impact apparel firms' triple bottom line.

Design/methodology/approach

For studying the impact of sustainable supply chain practices on the triple bottom line, a survey questionnaire was chosen and sent out to 500 garment companies simultaneously, of which 371 responded. The data collected is cross-sectional. The questionnaire survey was developed keeping in mind a few demographic elements such as experience, age and qualification to generalize the findings. For analysis, SmartPLS is used to run model structuring and regression analysis.

Findings

Test runs on model structure confirm the instrument's validity and reliability. Bootstrapping on the theoretical model to test developed hypotheses suggests that supply chain sustainability practices positively affect social, environmental and economic performance in a direct relationship. Further, indirect relation testing conducted to test blockchain technology's moderation influences only the constructs' relations.

Research limitations/implications

The clubbing of sustainable supply chain practices and blockchain technology is a novel idea in the apparel industry; however, there are more constructs in the context of practice-based theory and supply chain which impact firm performance. Also, the research limits itself from discussing IT infrastructure and smart contract types that impact the technology's performance.

Practical implications

The study provides a framework for interpreting the synergetic influence of SSCP on firm social, environmental and economic performances, which is demanded both by consumers and regulators in an industry. The results suggest that managers sustainably design the production ecosystem, thus eliminating any discrepancy or slackness in the complete chain. Usually, suppliers are ignored, which are precursors in implementing SSCP.

Originality/value

The paper studies sustainability problems through ecological modernization theory and practical-based theory giving a unique perspective on the issue faced by the apparel industry and combining sustainable supply chain practices and blockchain.
“Dual-experiences” of treatment for anorexia nervosa: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of experiences of treatment by service providers who are recovered service users
Authors: Curry Emma Elizabeth , Andriopoulou Panoraia
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to explore the dual-experiences of AN recovered service providers. Prognoses for anorexia nervosa (AN) and anorexia nervosa-like (AN-like) presenting patients remain poor, and notably, no current treatment approach is reliably successful. Past research into AN has focused on singular experiences, those of either AN patients or those of practitioners providing treatment, but has yet to explore the experiences of recovered AN service users now working as AN service providers.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, four UK-based female participants shared their dual experiences of treatment for AN or AN-like presentations through individual semi-structured interviews. Data collection and analysis were conducted in accordance with an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis methodology.

Findings

Analysis revealed four primary themes, including barriers to accessing services; the impact of treating professionals’ approaches; displacement of responsibility for treating AN; and the value of dual-experience of AN.

Research limitations/implications

This study focuses on AN and AN-like presentations and does not address the other eating disorders. Additionally, only female-identifying individuals volunteered their participation. As such, this study is notably lacking the voices of individuals of other genders.

Practical implications

Participant narratives suggest that improvements in the treatment of AN lie in improving professionals’ understanding of – and compassion towards – this patient group to optimise the power of the therapeutic relationship across all AN-treating professions.

Social implications

Participants revealed a pervasive misunderstanding of AN among treating professionals that is hindering patients’ treatment and suggested that lived experience can be an asset in a professional context.

Originality/value

Individuals with dual experiences of AN can provide a unique and reflective insight into experiences of treatment through their combined personal and professional expertise and elucidate the experiences that both helped and hindered their own recovery.
How and when do strengths work? The effect of strengths-based leadership on follower career satisfaction
Authors: Ding He , Liu Jun , Yu Enhai
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Drawing on conversation of resources theory, the present paper aimed to investigate the effect of strengths-based leadership on follower career satisfaction and the mediating role of follower strengths use as well as the moderating role of emotional exhaustion in the relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Research data were gathered at 3 time points with a sample of 210 participants working in various organizations in China. Structural equation model (SEM) was applied to examine the authors' hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicated that strengths-based leadership has a positive impact on follower career satisfaction and follower strengths use fully mediates the effect of strengths-based leadership on follower career satisfaction. More importantly, emotional exhaustion enhanced the direct relationship between strengths use and career satisfaction and the indirect association of strengths-based leadership with follower career satisfaction through follower strengths use.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of the present paper was the single source of research data.

Originality/value

The present paper advances strengths-based leadership theory and research and provides a new insight into cultivating employee career satisfaction.
The influence of green dynamic capabilities on brand sustainability among manufacturing enterprises in Tanzania: mediation of green technology innovation
Authors: Ismail Ismail Juma
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This research aims to explore the concept of green dynamic capabilities, which can facilitate the adoption of green technological innovations for the purpose of enhancing brand sustainability. Specifically, the study seeks to investigate the mediating role of green technological innovations in the relationship between green dynamic capabilities and brand sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this aim, the study employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and surveyed 316 managers of manufacturing enterprises.

Findings

The results showed that all relationships tested were positive and significant, and green technological innovation was found to be a significant mediator in the relationship between green dynamic capabilities and brand sustainability.

Originality/value

By adding a mediating variable (green technological innovations), this study adds to the literature on sustainability as well as contributes to the on-going debate on how manufacturing firms can be related to environmental issues in their productions.
From pride to plate: how feelings of pride and guilt lead Gen Z to plant-based consumption at restaurants
Authors: Mahasuweerachai Patcharaporn , Suttikun Chompoonut , Bicksler William Hamilton
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Amidst pressing environmental concerns, the service industry has increased its focus on sustainable production and consumption patterns. This study aims to explore whether Generation Z’s perceived value of plant-based food influences feelings of guilt as a result of consuming meat instead of plant-based food and/or pride from consuming plant-based foods, which might then lead to decisions to purchase alternative plant-based products at restaurants.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted measuring a range of variables and their relationships. The hypothesized model was tested using covariance-based structural equation modeling.

Findings

Results showed that perceived social value significantly influenced guilt and pride with perceived emotional value only influencing pride. Both guilt and pride significantly influenced the decision to switch eating patterns from conventional meat to plant-based protein at restaurants. And, finally, environmental concern significantly moderated the effect of emotional value on guilt.

Practical implications

To achieve sustainable goals, food producers should promote plant-based menu items by increasing the awareness of social approval through marketing communications.

Originality/value

This study bridges a gap in the literature by investigating how consumers’ perceived value affects their anticipated emotional feelings of guilt and pride leading to the switch from meat-based to plant-based diets at restaurants.
Trends over time in the knowledge, attitude and practices of pregnant women related to COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional survey from seven low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Jessani Saleem , Saleem Sarah , Fogleman Elizabeth , Billah Sk Masum , Haque Rashidul , Figueroa Lester , Lokangaka Adrien , Tshefu Antoinette , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Kavi Avinash , Esamai Fabian , Mwenchanya Musaku , Chomba Elwyn , Patel Archana , Das Prabir , Mazariegos Manolo , Bauserman Melissa , Petri William A. , Krebs Nancy F. , Derman Richard J. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Bucher Sherri , Hibberd Patricia L. , Koso‐Thomas Marion , Bann Carla M. , McClure Elizabeth M. , Goldenberg Robert L.
Published: August 2023

Objective

To understand trends in the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of pregnant women related to COVID‐19 in seven low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Design

Multi‐country population‐based prospective observational study.

Setting

Study sites in Bangladesh, the Demographic Republic of Congo (DRC), Guatemala, India (two sites), Kenya, Pakistan and Zambia.

Population

Pregnant women in the Global Network's Maternal and Neonatal Health Registry (MNHR).

Methods

Pregnant women enrolled in the MNHR were interviewed to assess their KAP related to COVID‐19 from September 2020 through July 2022 across all study sites.

Main outcome measures

Trends of COVID‐19 KAP were assessed using the Cochran–Armitage test for trend.

Results

A total of 52 297 women participated in this study. There were wide inter‐country differences in COVID‐19‐related knowledge. The level of knowledge of women in the DRC was much lower than that of women in the other sites. The ability to name COVID‐19 symptoms increased over time in the African sites, whereas no such change was observed in Bangladesh, Belagavi and Guatemala. All sites observed decreasing trends over time in women avoiding antenatal care visits.

Conclusions

The knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women related to COVID‐19 varied substantially among the Global Network sites over a period of 2 years; however, there was very little change in knowledge related to COVID‐19 over time across these sites. The major change observed was that fewer women reported avoiding medical care because of COVID‐19 across all sites over time.
Sustainable investment and environmental, social, and governance investing: A bibliometric and systematic literature review
Authors: Kapil Sheeba , Rawal Vrinda
Published: August 2023

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing is synonymous with sustainable investment for socially responsible investors. Unfortunately, the diversity of ESG investing remains unattended amidst the growth in ESG literature, as the academic literature focuses dominantly on measuring performance. An understanding of a wide range of subjects entailing ESG is required before future research on ESG investing is performed. To overcome the challenge, this systematic literature review uses bibliometric mapping to reveal four significant research themes within the ESG investing literature: investor behavior and motivations for ESG investing; cost and risk mitigation in ESG investing; portfolio screening and ESG investing; and ESG performance. The review critically examines each theme and broadens the research agenda for future studies. In addition to the significant themes, this paper also discusses theoretical and recent research trends in the ESG investing literature. The review identifies clashes and crossovers between these themes to appropriately interpret one theme using another and emphasizes the heterogeneity in ESG investing. Lastly, discussion over concerns and criticisms of ESG investing highlights greenwashing as a major cause of concern for investors.
A scoping review of sexual and reproductive health recommendations in the context of migration to Europe
Authors: Rossoni I. , Chollier M. , Dudushi R. , Ghigo J. , Padovese V.
Published: August 2023

In recent years, growing instability and conflict around the world have continued to fuel outward migration, including migration to the EU/EEA. Many migrants hail from countries and regions with a higher burden of STIs—including HIV—and are exposed to enhanced risks of sexual and gender‐based violence leading to sexual health issues during their journeys. This scoping review aims to identify existing sexual health recommendations for non‐European migrants in the EU/EEA and identify gaps in their implementation. Sexual health recommendations formulated in relation to the migrant population in peer‐ reviewed journals or by expert consensus, between 2010 and 2021, were included. A keyword search was used to retrieve relevant publications on PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library databases, WHO and ECDC websites. The search strategy employed was charted in a dedicated Prisma Chart. Overall, 180 publications were retrieved. Based on the abstract and after eliminating duplicates, 33 publications were included for full‐text reading. The references of these publications were screened. In total, 19 publications met the inclusion criteria. Evidence‐based sexual health recommendations target only newly arrived migrants and migrant children (at arrival and during stay in the country). Screening practices are mostly informed by the country of origin and related prevalence, which remains a limitation; challenges faced during migration should also be considered. Implementation and compliance with these recommendations remain uncertain, as sexual health is not funded and addressed in a uniform manner across Europe.
Lung lobe torsion associated with chest wall defects in a dog
Authors: Huh M. , Lee S.
Published: August 2023

An 8‐year‐old, spayed, female poodle presented with exercise intolerance, lethargy, respiratory distress, retching, hyporexia and diarrhoea. Thoracic radiographs revealed increased opacity in the left cranial thoracic region. The fifth and sixth ribs appeared to be bulging cranially to caudally, and CT and surgical exploration confirmed the presence of a thoracic wall defect in that area. CT showed abrupt occlusion of the bronchus that branches into the left cranial lobe and consolidation of the caudal segment of left cranial lung lobe, which led to the diagnosis of lung lobe torsion. A thoracotomy was performed, the twisted lung lobe was surgically excised, and the defect in the thoracic wall was repaired. Respiratory distress gradually improved after the surgery, and there were no identified complications within the 2‐year period following the procedure. Based on our literature search, this is the first reported case of lung lobe torsion caused by a thoracic wall defect in a dog.
Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone, in suckling piglets following oral and intramuscular administrations
Authors: Yeh Ta‐Wei , Rairat Tirawat , Wang Chao‐Ming , Wu Ching‐Fen , Huang Szu‐Wei , Chou Chi‐Chung , Kuo Hung‐Chih
Published: August 2023

Toltrazuril (TZR) is currently the only registered chemotherapeutic drug in the European Union for the treatment of Cystoisospora suis. This study investigated the comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue concentration‐time profiles of TZR and its active metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone (TZR‐SO2), after oral (per os, p.o.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration to suckling piglets. Following a single administration of TZR orally at 50 mg/piglet or intramuscularly at 45 mg/piglet, higher concentrations of TZR and TZR‐SO2 were observed in all three investigated tissues after p.o. administration. The mean TZR concentration in serum peaked at 14 μg/mL (34.03 h) and 5.36 μg/mL (120 h), while TZR‐SO2 peaked at 14.12 μg/mL (246 h) and 9.92 μg/mL (330 h) after p.o. and i.m. administration, respectively. TZR was undetectable in the liver after p.o. administration (18 days) and in the jejunum (24 days) after i.m. injection, while TZR‐SO2 was still detectable in all three tissues after 36 days regardless of administration routes. This study showed that p.o. formulation exhibited faster absorption and higher serum/tissue TZR/TZR‐SO2 concentrations than i.m. formulation. Both formulations generated sufficient therapeutic concentrations in the serum and jejunum, and sustained enough time to protect against Cystoisospora suis infection in the piglets.
Rhetorik und Schriftbildlichkeit von literarischen Pantomimen
Authors: Tolksdorf Nina
Published: August 2023

Da sich die Pantomime als sogenannte „wortlose Kunst“ ihrer Verschriftlichung eigentlich entzieht, sind einige Texte der Pantomime um 1900 bezüglich ihrer Darstellungsverfahren besonders erfinderisch. Sie enthalten Notationen, Bilder, Zeichnungen und generieren rhetorische Figuren, um die Bewegung des Körpers auf der Bühne in den Texten selbst zu übersetzen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Übertragungen sind oftmals intermediale Textgestaltungen, welche die Diskurse um 1900 aufnehmen, reflektieren, kommentieren und in Frage stellen. Der Beitrag analysiert anhand ausgewählter Pantomimen von Robert Walser, Hugo von Hofmannsthal sowie von Grete Wiesenthal und Clemens von Franckenstein exemplarisch die rhetorischen und schriftbildlichen Strukturen und situiert diese in den jeweiligen Diskursen.
Designing and Validating a Method to Measure Young People’s Susceptibility to Social Media Influencers: The SUSIS Questionnaire
Authors: Alves de Castro Charles
Published: August 2023

Social media influencers (SMIs) represent a phenomenon that has increased drastically in previous years, reaching a peak since the COVID-19 pandemic. Much of previous research done involving parasocial relationship theory and consumer trust theory has been done regarding celebrities, leaving a gap in understanding influence and one’s susceptibility to influence in an SMI context. Here, a series of closed-ended questions was applied to a young student cohort (N=91), and its power was evaluated using structural equation modelling, which indicated that a series of 25 questions holds the ability to measure susceptibility to SMI influence. These questions form the SUSIS Questionnaire, thereby representing a confirmed tool to measure susceptibility to SMI influence. These findings respond to a gap in marketing literature involving SMIs, showing the potential power and usefulness they hold in marketing strategies, but also serve as an alert that SMIs influence youth, presumedly both positively and negatively.
Deformative magnetic marked length spectrum rigidity
Authors: Marshall Reber James
Published: August 2023

Let be a closed surface, be a smooth family of Riemannian metrics on , and let be a smooth family of functions on . We show that if the magnetic curvature of each is negative and the lengths of each periodic orbit remains constant as the parameter varies, then there exists a smooth family of diffeomorphisms such that and . This generalizes a result of Guillemin and Kazhdan (Topology 19 (1980) 301–312) to the setting of magnetic flows.
Measuring the Roller Skew Angle in the Loading Zone of a Cylindrical Roller Bearing With Strain Gauges for Long-Term Monitoring
Authors: Zhao Zhixiang , Wang Xi , Hou Yu
Published: August 2023

Roller skew in roller bearings can cause heat generation in roller–race and roller–rib contacts, thus reducing bearing life. It is significant to obtain the roller skew angle in situ for guiding the bearing design and adjusting the operating conditions. In this study, a method for measuring the roller skew angle in the loading zone of a cylindrical roller bearing with strain gauges is presented. The measurement principle is that the roller skew angle is related to the movement of the contact line between the roller and raceway. The strain gauge array on the outer surface of the outer ring shows temporally separated responses when roller skew occurs. An experimental system is developed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for cylindrical roller bearing measurements. A laser measurement system is incorporated into the experimental system to detect the horizontal displacement of the reflected spot using a high-speed camera, which is then converted into the roller skew angle. The calculated roller skew angle from the time shift of the strain response agrees well with the value of a specially modified roller independently measured with the laser detection system. Compared with other measurement methods, the proposed method provides a potential way to achieve the nondestructive measurement of the roller skew angle in actual service for long-term purposes.
Material Extrusion on an Ultrasonic Air Bed for 3D Printing
Authors: Keller Samuel , Stein Matthew , Ilic Ognjen
Published: August 2023

Additive manufacturing, such as 3D printing, offers unparalleled opportunities for rapid prototyping of objects, but typically requires simultaneous building of solid supports to minimize deformation and ensure contact with the printing surface. Here, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the concept of material extrusion on an “air bed”—an engineered ultrasonic acoustic field that stabilizes and supports the soft material by contactless radiation pressure force. We study the dynamics of polylactic acid filament—a commonly used material in 3D printing—as it interacts with the acoustic potential during extrusion. We develop a numerical radiation pressure model to determine optimal configurations of ultrasonic transducers to generate acoustic fields and conditions for linear printing. We build a concept prototype that integrates an acoustic levitation array with a 3D printer and use this device to demonstrate linear extrusion on an acoustic air bed. Our results indicate that controlled interactions between acoustic fields and soft materials could offer alternative support mechanisms in additive manufacturing with potential benefits such as less material waste, fewer surface defects, and reduced material processing time.
Synergy of cold development and electron-beam exposure for Si nanotip patterning in quantum-electronic devices
Authors: Wang I-Hsiang , Li Pei-Wen
Published: August 2023

We demonstrated an effective method for lithographic patterning of a fanout-shaped Si nanotip array with nanometer-scale feature size/pitch by using a combination of overdose exposure, cold development, and layout design. We optimized process conditions of electron-beam exposure onto poly(methyl methacrylate) resist and methyl isobutyl ketone development temperature (10 to −5 °C) to produce dense Si nanotips with large gradient fanout patterns. A circular array of Si nanotips with a minimum feature size/pitch of 15/30 nm with a high degree of pattern fidelity, uniformity, and reproducibility were demonstrated. Based on the platform of the Si fanout-shaped nanotip array, we have successfully produced an array of self-organized germanium quantum-dots/Si3N4 barriers, which are self-aligned with Si nanotips as coupling barriers or electrodes for implementing advanced quantum-electronic devices.
Strong-field electron emission from gold needle tips
Authors: Heimerl Jonas , Meier Stefan , Kirchner Adrian , Weitz Tobias , Hommelhoff Peter
Published: August 2023

We show strong-field electron energy spectra from nanometric gold needle tips triggered by femtosecond laser pulses. For this, we use two different wavelengths, 800 nm with 12 fs pulse duration and 1550 nm with 170 fs pulse duration. With an extended plateau and cutoff of rescattered electrons, the recorded electron spectra show the tell-tale features of strong-field physics. Furthermore, the spectra clearly show above-threshold photoemission peaks. Such energy spectra are an ideal tool to benchmark current theory models.
Classifying Winning Performances in International Women’s Rugby Union
Authors: Scott Georgia A. , Edwards Ollie , Bezodis Neil E. , Waldron Mark , Roberts Eifion , Pyne David B. , Mara Jocelyn , Cook Christian , Mason Laura , Brown M. Rowan , Kilduff Liam P.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The efficacy of isolated and relative performance indicators (PIs) has been compared in rugby union; the latter more effective at discerning match outcomes. However, this methodology has not been applied in women’s rugby. The aim of this study was to identify PIs that maximize prediction accuracy of match outcome, from isolated and relative data sets, in women’s rugby union. Methods: Twenty-six PIs were selected from 110 women’s international rugby matches between 2017 and 2022 to form an isolated data set, with relative data sets determined by subtracting corresponding opposition PIs. Random forest classification was completed on both data sets, and feature selection and importance were used to simplify models and interpret key PIs. Models were used in prediction on the 2021 World Cup to evaluate performance on unseen data. Results: The isolated full model correctly classified 75% of outcomes (CI, 65%–82%), whereas the relative full model correctly classified 78% (CI, 69%–86%). Reduced respective models correctly classified 74% (CI, 65%–82%) and 76% (CI, 67%–84%). Reduced models correctly predicted 100% and 96% of outcomes for isolated and relative test data sets, respectively. No significant difference in accuracy was found between data sets. In the relative reduced model, meters made, clean breaks, missed tackles, lineouts lost, carries, and kicks from hand were significant. Conclusions: Increased relative meters made, clean breaks, carries, and kicks from hand and decreased relative missed tackles and lineouts lost were associated with success. This information can be utilized to inform physical and tactical preparation and direct physiological studies in women’s rugby.
Blood Lactate Responses of Male and Female Players Across an International Rugby Sevens Tournament
Authors: James Carl , Rees James , Chong Henry , Taylor Lee , Beaven Christopher M. , Henderson Mitch , Baker Julien S.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This study investigated within- and between-matches blood lactate (La−) responses across an international Rugby Sevens tournament (5 matches over 2 d) in male and female players. Methods: Earlobe blood samples were taken from 25 professional players around matches: before warm-up (PRE), immediately upon finishing match participation (POST), and 30 minutes postmatch (30 min). Results: POST [La−] (mean [SD], range) for males was 10.3 (3.2; 2.9–20.2) mmol·L−1 and for females was 9.1 (2.3; 3.4–14.6) mmol·L−1. Linear mixed-effects models revealed a decrease in POST [La−] after match 5, compared to match 1. Increased PRE [La−] was found before match 2 (+0.8 [0.6–1.1] mmol·L−1), match 3 (+0.8 [0.5–1.1] mmol·L−1), and match 5 (+0.6 [0.4–0.9] mmol·L−1) compared to match 1 (all P < .001). The [La−] remained elevated at 30 min, compared to PRE (+1.7 [1.4–2.0] mmol·L−1, P < .001), with ∼20% of values persisting >4 mmol·L−1. Higher POST was observed in males compared to females (+1.6 [0.1–3.2] mmol·L−1, P = .042); however, no differences between sexes were found across 30 min or PRE [La−]. No [La−] differences between positions (backs and forwards) were identified. Conclusions: Lactate concentrations above 10 mmol·L−1 are required to effectively simulate the anaerobic demands of international Rugby Sevens matches. Practitioners are advised to individualize anaerobic training prescription due to the substantial variability observed within positional groups. Additionally, improving athletes’ metabolic recovery capacity through training, nutrition, and recovery interventions may enhance physical preparation for subsequent matches within a day, where incomplete lactate clearance was observed.
Examining the Utility of Stress-, Motivation-, and Commitment-Based Perspectives of Athlete Burnout
Authors: Woods Siobhán , Dunne Simon , Gallagher Pamela
Published: August 2023

Burnout, characterized by exhaustion, reduced accomplishment, and devaluation, can have substantial negative implications for athletes. Notably, researchers continue to examine burnout from multiple perspectives, commonly focusing on stress-, motivation-, or commitment-related factors, with limited efforts to consider these perspectives together. In contrast, this study aimed to assess the utility of these multiple perspectives and the key predictors of burnout in the same athlete sample. Data on burnout, stress, motivation, motivational climate, and sport commitment were gathered from 370 Gaelic games athletes. Separate structural equation models incorporating stress, motivation, and commitment factors as predictors of burnout dimensions were assessed. All models showed adequate fit. However, differences in effect size suggest that stress is more strongly associated with exhaustion, while commitment and motivation showed a stronger relationship with reduced accomplishment and devaluation. Evidence of significant predictors across perspectives also supports an integrated approach and may inform integration efforts and targeted intervention strategies.
Decoding pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation and β cell regeneration in zebrafish
Authors: Mi Jiarui , Liu Ka-Cheuk , Andersson Olov
Published: August 2023

In contrast to mice, zebrafish have an exceptional yet elusive ability to replenish lost β cells in adulthood. Understanding this framework would provide mechanistic insights for β cell regeneration, which may be extrapolated to humans. Here, we characterize a
krt4
-expressing ductal cell type, which is distinct from the putative Notch-responsive cells, showing neogenic competence and giving rise to the majority of endocrine cells during postembryonic development. Furthermore, we demonstrate a marked ductal remodeling process featuring a Notch-responsive to
krt4
+
luminal duct transformation during late development, indicating several origins of
krt4
+
ductal cells displaying similar transcriptional patterns. Single-cell transcriptomics upon a series of time points during β cell regeneration unveil a previously unrecognized
dlb
+
transitional endocrine precursor cell, distinct regulons, and a differentiation trajectory involving cellular shuffling through differentiation and dedifferentiation dynamics. These results establish a model of zebrafish pancreatic endocrinogenesis and highlight key values of zebrafish for translational studies of β cell regeneration.
Commensal
Cutibacterium acnes
induce epidermal lipid synthesis important for skin barrier function
Authors: Almoughrabie Samia , Cau Laura , Cavagnero Kellen , O’Neill Alan M. , Li Fengwu , Roso-Mares Andrea , Mainzer Carine , Closs Brigitte , Kolar Matthew J. , Williams Kevin J. , Bensinger Steven J. , Gallo Richard L.
Published: August 2023

Lipid synthesis is necessary for formation of epithelial barriers and homeostasis with external microbes. An analysis of the response of human keratinocytes to several different commensal bacteria on the skin revealed that
Cutibacterium acnes
induced a large increase in essential lipids including triglycerides, ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids. A similar response occurred in mouse epidermis and in human skin affected with acne. Further analysis showed that this increase in lipids was mediated by short-chain fatty acids produced by
Cutibacterium acnes
and was dependent on increased expression of several lipid synthesis genes including
glycerol-3-phosphate-acyltransferase-3
. Inhibition or RNA silencing of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor–α (PPARα), but not PPARβ and PPARγ, blocked this response. The increase in keratinocyte lipid content improved innate barrier functions including antimicrobial activity, paracellular diffusion, and transepidermal water loss. These results reveal that metabolites from a common commensal bacterium have a previously unappreciated influence on the composition of epidermal lipids.
FOXA1 O-GlcNAcylation–mediated transcriptional switch governs metastasis capacity in breast cancer
Authors: Liu Yajie , Yu Kairan , Kong Xiaotian , Zhang Keren , Wang Lingyan , Zhang Nana , Chen Qiushi , Niu Mingshan , Li Wenli , Zhong Xiaomin , Wu Sijin , Zhang Jianing , Liu Yubo
Published: August 2023

FOXA1, a transcription factor involved in epigenetic reprogramming, is crucial for breast cancer progression. However, the mechanisms by which FOXA1 achieves its oncogenic functions remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the O-linked β-
N
-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) of FOXA1 promotes breast cancer metastasis by orchestrating the transcription of numerous metastasis regulators. O-GlcNAcylation at Thr
432
, Ser
441
, and Ser
443
regulates the stability of FOXA1 and promotes its assembly with chromatin. O-GlcNAcylation shapes the FOXA1 interactome, especially triggering the recruitment of the transcriptional repressor methyl-CpG binding protein 2 and consequently stimulating FOXA1 chromatin-binding sites to switch to chromatin loci of adhesion-related genes, including
EPB41L3
and
COL9A2
. Site-specific depletion of O-GlcNAcylation on FOXA1 affects the expression of various downstream genes and thus inhibits breast cancer proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Our data establish the importance of aberrant FOXA1 O-GlcNAcylation in breast cancer progression and indicate that targeting O-GlcNAcylation is a therapeutic strategy for metastatic breast cancer.
Regulation of translation by ribosomal RNA pseudouridylation
Authors: Zhao Yu , Rai Jay , Li Hong
Published: August 2023

Pseudouridine is enriched in ribosomal, spliceosomal, transfer, and messenger RNA and thus integral to the central dogma. The chemical basis for how pseudouridine affects the molecular apparatus such as ribosome, however, remains elusive owing to the lack of structures without this natural modification. Here, we studied the translation of a hypopseudouridylated ribosome initiated by the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements. We analyzed eight cryo–electron microscopy structures of the ribosome bound with the Taura syndrome virus IRES in multiple functional states. We found widespread loss of pseudouridine-mediated interactions through water and long-range base pairings. In the presence of the translocase, eukaryotic elongation factor 2, and guanosine 5′-triphosphate hydrolysis, the hypopseudouridylated ribosome favors a rare unconducive conformation for decoding that is partially recouped in the ribosome population that remains modified at the P-site uridine. The structural principles learned establish the link between functional defects and modification loss and are likely applicable to other pseudouridine-associated processes.