bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Acceptable is Reducing Sedentary Behavior to Older Adults? Perceptions and Experiences Across Diverse Socioeconomic Areas
Authors: McGowan Laura J. , Powell Rachael , French David P.
Published: January 2019

Sedentary behavior is associated with negative health outcomes, and older adults represent the most sedentary age group. There is currently little qualitative evidence to inform the development of sedentary behavior interventions targeting older adults. This study explored factors affecting older adults’ sedentary behaviors and the acceptability of potential strategies to reduce sedentary time. Semistructured interviews with 22 older adults with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds in Manchester, England were conducted. An inductive thematic analysis was structured using the framework approach. Limited availability of community resources was identified in deprived areas. Local environments impacted sedentary behavior, including sense of community belonging, crime, and physical infrastructure. Enjoyment, socializing, and feeling a sense of achievement were key motivations to engage in nonsedentary activities. As older adults desire social interaction and enjoyment, community interventions in urban settings should try to reduce sedentary behavior by offering group-based activities, particularly in deprived areas where current provision is limited.
Effect of Ulnar-Based Orthotics and Strengthening Exercises on Subjects With Ulnar Wrist Pain
Authors: Abdelmegeed Mohamed , Lohman Everett , Daher Noha , Kume June , Syed Hasan M.
Published: January 2019

Context:In comparison with the published research on the surgical management of ulnar wrist pain, fewer studies that discuss the nonsurgical management of ulnar wrist pain exist.Objective:The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of ulnar-based wrist orthotics and strengthening exercises on subjects with ulnar wrist pain.Study Design:Prospective randomized controlled pilot study.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:Thirty subjects with acute and subacute ulnar wrist pain and age ranging from 18 to 53.Interventions:Participants were randomized to receive either ulnar-based orthotics, ulnar-based orthotics plus strengthening exercises, or placebo intervention.Main Outcome Measures:The authors measured pain and function using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation questionnaire, and grip strength using the JAMAR dynamometer, at baseline and at 2- and 4-week postrandomization. A mixed analysis of variance modeling was used to investigate the effect of the intervention over time.Results:There were statistically significant differences between the 2 intervention groups and the control group regarding improvement in pain, function, and strength, whereas there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 intervention groups over the 3 measurement occasions regarding the outcome measures.Conclusion:Based on the results, orthotics intervention is as effective as orthotics plus strengthening exercises in improving pain, function, and grip strength in subjects with ulnar wrist pain.Level of Evidence:Therapy, level 2b individual Randomized Controlled Trial.
Preseason Functional Performance Test Measures Are Associated With Injury in Female College Volleyball Players
Authors: Brumitt Jason , Mattocks Alma , Loew Jeremy , Lentz Phil
Published: January 2019

Context: Preseason functional performance test measures have been associated with noncontact time-loss injury in some athletic populations. However, findings have been equivocal with many studies consisting of heterogeneous populations. Objective: To determine if preseason standing long jump and/or single-leg hop test scores are associated with a noncontact time-loss injury to the lower quadrant (LQ = low back or lower-extremities) in female Division III college volleyball (VB) players. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III female VB teams. Patients: A total of 82 female college VB players (age = 18.9 [1.0] y). Main Outcome Measures: Standing long jump and single-leg hop test measures were collected at the start of the official preseason. Athletic trainers tracked all time-loss injuries and their mechanisms. Athletes were categorized as at risk if their preseason standing long jump <80% height, bilateral single-leg hop <70% height, and had a SLH side-to-side asymmetry >10%. Results: The noncontact time-loss overall injury rate for the LQ region in at-risk athletes was 13.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3–31.5) per 1000 athletic exposures. At-risk athletes were significantly more likely to experience a noncontact time-loss injury than VB players in the referent group (rate ratio = 6.2; 95% CI, 1.9–17.2; P = .008). The relative risk of sustaining a noncontact time-loss injury to the LQ was 4 times greater in the at-risk group (relative risk = 4.6; 95% CI, 2.1–10.1; P = .01). At-risk athletes were 6 times more likely to experience a foot or ankle injury (relative risk = 6.3; 95% CI, 2.1–19.2; P = .008). Conclusion: Suboptimal performance on a battery of functional performance tests is associated with a significantly greater risk of noncontact time-loss injury to the LQ in female Division III college VB players.
Effect of Loading Devices on Muscle Activation in Squat and Lunge
Authors: Wu Hong-Wen , Tsai Cheng-Feng , Liang Kai-Han , Chang Yi-Wen
Published: January 2019

Context: Squats and lunges are common exercises frequently applied in muscle-strengthening and therapeutic exercises. The loading devices are often used to increase the training intensity. Objective: To determine the effect of loading devices on muscle activation in squat and lunge and to compare the differences in muscle activation between squat and lunge. Design: Cross-sectional cohort. Participants: Nineteen healthy, male, recreationally active individuals without a history of lower limb injury. Interventions: Each participant performed 10 repetitions of a squat under 5 conditions: unloaded, barbell, dumbbell, loaded vest, and kettlebell, and 10 repetitions of a lunge under 4 conditions: unloaded, barbell, dumbbell, and loaded vest. Main Outcome Measures: The electromyography signals of quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius lateralis and medialis were measured. One-way repeated-measure analysis of variance was used to compare the difference among different loading conditions. Paired t test was used to compare the difference between squat and lunge. Results: The muscle activation in the loaded conditions was significantly higher than that in nonloaded conditions in squat and lunge. Compared with the barbell, dumbbell, and loaded vest conditions, the semitendinosus showed significantly higher activation, and the tibialis anterior showed significantly lower activation in kettlebell condition in squat. No significant difference in muscle activation was found among barbell, dumbbell, and kettlebell conditions in lunge. In addition, quadriceps and hamstring activities were significantly higher in lunge than in squat. Conclusions: Muscle activation was affected by the loading devices in squat but not affected in lunge. Kettlebell squat could be suggested for targeting in strengthening medial hamstring. Progressive strengthening exercise could be recommended from squat to lunge based on sequential activation level.
Are Body Composition, Strength, and Functional Independence Similarities Between Spinal Cord Injury Classifications? A Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Gomes Costa Rodrigo Rodrigues , Carregaro Rodrigo Luiz , Ribeiro Neto Frederico
Published: January 2019

Context: There seems to be no consensus on which aspects better distinguish the different levels of spinal cord injury regarding body composition, strength, and functional independence. Objective: The study aimed to determine which variables better differentiate tetraplegia (TP) from paraplegia and high paraplegia (HP) from low paraplegia (LP). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Rehabilitation hospital network. Patients: Forty-five men with spinal cord injury, n = 15 for each level (TP, HP, and LP) causing complete motor impairment (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale: A or B) were enrolled in the study. Main Outcome Measures: The 1-maximum repetition test, functional independence measure, spinal cord independence measure, and body composition (skinfold sum, body fat percentage, and body mass index) were assessed. Discriminant analysis was carried out using the Wilks lambda method to identify which strength and functional variables can significantly discriminate subjects for injury classification (TP, HP, and LP). Results: The discriminant variable for TP versus HP was body mass index and for TP versus LP was 1-maximum repetition (P ≤ .05). There were no variables that discriminated HP versus LP. Conclusions: The discriminant variables for TP versus HP and TP versus LP were body mass index and 1-maximum repetition, respectively. The results showed that HP and LP are similar for strength and functional variables.
Measuring the Hip Adductor to Abductor Strength Ratio in Ice Hockey and Soccer Players: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Rodriguez Robert
Published: January 2019

Clinical Scenario: Ice hockey and soccer are both dynamic sports that involve continuous, unpredictable play. These athletes consistently demonstrate higher rates of groin strains compared with other contact sports. Measuring the hip adductor/abductor ratio has the potential to expose at-risk players, reduce injury rates, and preserve groin health in players with chronic strains. Focused Clinical Question: What is the clinical utility of measuring the hip adductor/abductor ratio for preseason and in-season ice hockey and soccer players? Summary of Key Findings: Three studies, all of which were prospective cohort designs, were included. One study involved assessing preseason strength and flexibility as a risk factor for adductor strains in professional ice hockey players. Another study performed with the same professional hockey team used preseason hip adductor/abductor strength ratios to screen for those players who would benefit from a strengthening intervention aimed at reducing the incidence of adductor strains. The final study, which was performed in elite U17 soccer players, assessed the effectiveness of monthly in-season strength monitoring as a guide to trigger in-season interventions to decrease injury incidence. Clinical Bottom Line: Measuring the hip adductor/abductor strength ratio in hockey and soccer players can be a beneficial preseason and in-season tool to predict future groin strain risk and screen for athletes who might benefit from a strengthening intervention. Strength of Recommendation: Level 3 evidence exists to support monitoring the hip adductor/abductor strength ratio to assess and reduce the risk of adductor strains in ice hockey and soccer players.
A Novel Blue–Red Photobiomodulation Therapy Patch Effects on a Repetitive Elbow-Flexion Fatigue Task
Authors: Rigby Justin H. , Hagan Austin M.
Published: January 2019

Background: Photobiomodulation (laser/light) therapy has reduced skeletal muscle fatigue and improved performance in previous research. Objective: To determine if the application of a novel blue (450 nm) and red (645 nm) light-emitting diode photobiomodulation therapy patch improves muscle function and decreases perceived exertion after an elbow-flexion fatigue protocol. Participants: Thirty-four strength-trained individuals (male = 32 and female = 2, age = 22.5 [2.7] y). Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to an active or placebo treatment. On  visit 1, participants’ 1-repetition maximal biceps curl was determined, and an orientation session of the fatigue task occurred to ensure no learning effects. Fifty percent of the participants’ 1-repetition maximum was used during the fatigue protocol. On visit 2, participants performed biceps curl repetitions at a speed of 25 repetitions per minute until they could not physically move the weight past 90° of elbow flexion or stay with the set pace. After the fatigue protocol, a 30-minute blue/red light (wavelength = 450 and 645 nm, peak irradiance = 9 mW/cm2, duty cycle = pulsed 33%, and fluence = 5.4 J/cm2) or sham treatment was administered based on the randomized group assignment. Immediately following, the participants repeated the fatigue protocol. The number of complete repetitions was counted, and the participants rated their perceived level of exertion on the Borg scale immediately after each fatigue bout. Results: Overall, fatigue occurred between the 2 exercise bouts (pretreatment = 44.1 [12.3] and posttreatment = 37.4 [9.6] repetitions, P = .02). However, less fatigue was noted in the number of participants of the active treatment group than the sham treatment group. During the posttreatment fatigue task, 29.4% of participants in the active treatment group improved compared to 0% in the sham treatment (P = .045). Conclusion: Nearly 30% of participants had an increase benefit during a repeated-bout fatigue task due to the blue/red light-emitting diode photobiomodulation light patch.
Porphyromonas gingivalis
in Alzheimer’s disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors
Authors: Dominy Stephen S. , Lynch Casey , Ermini Florian , Benedyk Malgorzata , Marczyk Agata , Konradi Andrei , Nguyen Mai , Haditsch Ursula , Raha Debasish , Griffin Christina , Holsinger Leslie J. , Arastu-Kapur Shirin , Kaba Samer , Lee Alexander , Ryder Mark I. , Potempa Barbara , Mydel Piotr , Hellvard Annelie , Adamowicz Karina , Hasturk Hatice , Walker Glenn D. , Reynolds Eric C. , Faull Richard L. M. , Curtis Maurice A. , Dragunow Mike , Potempa Jan
Published: January 2019

Gingipains from
Porphyromonas gingivalis
drive Alzheimer’s pathology and can be blocked with small-molecule inhibitors.
Projected increases in intensity, frequency, and terrestrial carbon costs of compound drought and aridity events
Authors: Zhou Sha , Zhang Yao , Park Williams A. , Gentine Pierre
Published: January 2019

Compound drought and aridity events will be more extreme and frequent, exerting an increasingly negative impact on carbon uptake.
Pyramidal neuron growth and increased hippocampal volume during labor and birth in autism
Authors: Cloarec R. , Riffault B. , Dufour A. , Rabiei H. , Gouty-Colomer L.-A. , Dumon C. , Guimond D. , Bonifazi P. , Eftekhari S. , Lozovaya N. , Ferrari D. C. , Ben-Ari Y.
Published: January 2019

Abrupt neuronal growth and cerebral volume increase during labor and birth in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder.
The long noncoding RNA HOTTIP promotes breast cancer cell migration, invasiveness, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition via the Wnt–β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Han Sijia , Jin Xiaoming , Liu Zhen , Xing Fei , Han Ye , Yu Xiaopeng , He Guijin , Qiu Fang
Published: January 2019

Long noncoding RNA HOTTIP (HOXA transcript at the distal tip) has recently been reported to have a role in the proliferation of various cancer cells, yet its role in cell migration, invasiveness, and the EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition) in breast cancer and the potential mechanisms remain unknown. Breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 were transfected with shRNA (short hairpin RNA) that specifically targeting HOTTIP. We observed a remarkable decrease in migration and invasiveness in these two breast cancer cell lines after knock-down of HOTTIP by shHOTTIP. We also demonstrated that the EMT of these two breast cell lines was suppressed after HOTTIP knock-down, as evidenced by increased E-cadherin levels, and decreased levels of N-cadherin, Snail, and Twist. Moreover, HOTTIP silencing also suppressed tumor metastasis in nude mice in vivo. In addition, we found that the expression of β-catenin was significantly decreased in breast cancer cells after knock-down of HOTTIP. In a further rescue experiment using overexpression of β-catenin, the rates of cell migration, invasiveness, and EMT of HOTTIP-silenced breast cancer cells were promoted, disclosing a potential role of the Wnt–β-catenin signaling pathway in this process. Overall, we discovered the positive regulatory function of HOTTIP in the migration, invasiveness, and EMT of breast cancer cells, via regulating the Wnt–β-catenin pathway.
The species-specific responses of nutrient resorption and carbohydrate accumulation in leaves and roots to nitrogen addition in a subtropical mixed plantation
Authors: Bu Wen-Sheng , Chen Fu-Sheng , Wang Fang-Chao , Fang Xiang-Min , Mao Rong , Wang Hui-Min
Published: January 2019

Ephemeral tissues such as leaves and fine roots are sensitive to nutrient alteration. Whether nutrient addition can influence the linkage between nutrient resorption and carbohydrate accumulation in leaves and roots is not clear. We measured nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) of the one-year-old leaves and absorptive and transportive roots in two species of a mixed plantation during the dormant and growing seasons within an N-addition experiment. Nitrogen addition decreased N and P resorption efficiencies (NRE and PRE, respectively) in leaves of Chinese fir and increased PRE in absorptive roots of Chinese fir but did not alter either efficiency in any tissues of Chinese sweetgum. Nitrogen addition increased starch accumulation efficiency (STAE) in >one-year-old leaves of Chinese fir but decreased soluble sugar accumulation efficiency (SSAE) in absorptive roots of Chinese sweetgum. Both NRE and PRE were negatively correlated with SSAE, STAE, and NSC accumulation efficiency (NSCAE) in >one-year-old leaves of Chinese fir, but this pattern was not found in leaves of Chinese sweetgum. Our study indicates that N addition can influence the linkage between nutrient resorption and NSC in leaves and roots, and this response to nutrient availability is species-dependent.
Delineation of lithosphere structure and characterization of the Moho geometry under the Himalaya–Karakoram–Tibet collision zone using surface-wave tomography
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Aoudia A. , Guidarelli M. , Babu Vivek G. , Hazarika Devajit , Yadav D. K.
Published: January 2019

Group velocities for a period range of 6–60 s for the fundamental mode of the Rayleigh wave passing across the Himalaya–Karakoram–Tibet orogen are used to delineate the structure of the upper lithosphere using the data from 35 broadband seismic stations. 2D tomography velocity maps of group velocities were obtained at grids of 1° separation. Redefined local dispersion curves are inverted non-linearly to obtain 1D velocity models and to construct a 3D image of the S-wave structure down to a depth of 90 km.

The Moho discontinuity is correlated with
c.
4.0 km s
−1
S-wave velocity. The results depict a NE-dipping trend of the Moho depth from
c.
40 km beneath the frontal part of the Himalaya to up to
c.
70–80 km beneath the collision zone before shallowing substantially to
c.
40 km beneath the Tarim Basin. The study also reveals thick deposits of sediments in the Indo-Gangetic plains and the Tarim Basin. A broad low-velocity zone at mid-crustal depth in the western Tibetan Plateau, the Karakoram region and the surface-collision part of the India–Eurasia tectonic plates is interpreted as the effect of partial melting and/or the presence of aqueous fluid. The high velocities in the southern deeper part indicate that the lower crust and uppermost mantle of the Indian Plate are dense and cold.
CD8 T Cell Exhaustion During Chronic Viral Infection and Cancer
Authors: McLane Laura M. , Abdel-Hakeem Mohamed S. , Wherry E. John
Published: January 2019

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, metabolic dysregulation, poor memory recall and homeostatic self-renewal, and distinct transcriptional and epigenetic programs. The ability to reinvigorate Tex cells through inhibitory receptor blockade, such as αPD-1, highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting this population. Emerging insights into the mechanisms of exhaustion are informing immunotherapies for cancer and chronic infections. However, like other immune cells, Tex cells are heterogeneous and include progenitor and terminal subsets with unique characteristics and responses to checkpoint blockade. Here, we review our current understanding of Tex cell biology, including the developmental paths, transcriptional and epigenetic features, and cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to exhaustion and how this knowledge may inform therapeutic targeting of Tex cells in chronic infections, autoimmunity, and cancer.
Evaluation of Strengths from Cement Hydration and Slag Reaction of Mortars Containing High Volume of Ground River Sand and GGBF Slag
Authors: Norrarat Punnaman , Tangchirapat Weerachart , Songpiriyakij Smith , Jaturapitakkul Chai
Published: January 2019

This paper investigates the cement hydration, and the slag reaction contributes to the compressive strengths of mortars mixed with ground river sand (GRS) and ground‐granulated blast furnace (GGBF) slag with different particle sizes. GRS (inert material) and GGBF slag (reactive material) were ground separately until the median particle sizes of 32 ± 1, 18 ± 1, and 5 ± 1 micron and used to replace Portland cement (PC) in large amount (40–60%) by weight of the binder. The results showed that, at the early age, the compressive strength obtained from the cement hydration was higher than that obtained from the slag reaction. The results of compressive strength also indicated that the GGBF slag content and particle size play important roles in the slag reaction at the later ages, whereas cement hydration is more prominent at the early ages. Although the results could be expected from the use of GGBF slag to replace PC in mortar or concrete, this study had presented the values of the compressive strength along with ages and the finenesses of GGBF slag that contributed from cement hydration and from GGBF slag reaction.
Multiple Defects Sensitize p53-Deficient Head and Neck Cancer Cells to the WEE1 Kinase Inhibition
Authors: Diab Ahmed , Kao Michael , Kehrli Keffy , Kim Hee Yeon , Sidorova Julia , Mendez Eduardo
Published: January 2019

The p53 gene is the most commonly mutated gene in solid tumors, but leveraging p53 status in therapy remains a challenge. Previously, we determined that p53 deficiency sensitizes head and neck cancer cells to AZD1775, a WEE1 kinase inhibitor, and translated our findings into a phase I clinical trial. Here, we investigate how p53 affects cellular responses to AZD1775 at the molecular level. We found that p53 modulates both replication stress and mitotic deregulation triggered by WEE1 inhibition. Without p53, slowing of replication forks due to replication stress is exacerbated. Abnormal, γH2AX-positive mitoses become more common and can proceed with damaged or underreplicated DNA. p53-deficient cells fail to properly recover from WEE1 inhibition and exhibit fewer 53BP1 nuclear bodies despite evidence of unresolved damage. A faulty G1–S checkpoint propagates this damage into the next division. Together, these deficiencies can intensify damages in each consecutive cell cycle in the drug.

Implications:

The data encourage the use of AZD1775 in combination with genotoxic modalities against p53-deficient head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Dynamic MRI in the Evaluation of Atlantoaxial Stability in Pediatric Down Syndrome Patients
Authors: Tu Albert , Melamed Edward , Krieger Mark D.
Published: January 2019

Background/Aims: Down syndrome is the most common inherited disorder. Some patients develop atlantoaxial instability. Existing screening guidelines were developed prior to availability of MRI. We present predictors for deficit using dynamic MRI of the craniocervical junction. Methods: A retrospective review of Down syndrome patients from 2001 to 2015 was carried out. Patients were considered symptomatic if they had clinical deficits or signal change on MRI. Measurements were taken at the atlantoaxial junction and structural abnormalities noted. Analysis was performed with SPSS. Results: A total of 36 patients were included. Patients averaged 93 months of age with a follow-up of 57 months. No asymptomatic patients developed myelopathy during follow-up. During dynamic imaging, symptomatic patients had greater changes in space available for the cord (SAC) (5.2 vs. 2.7 mm; p < 0.001) and atlantodental interval (ADI) (2.8 vs. 1.3 mm; p = 0.04). These patients were also more likely to have a bony anomaly (50 vs. 13%; p = 0.03). Conclusion: This study characterizes the range of motion seen on dynamic MRI and provides parameters that can be used to distinguish patients at risk for neurologic injury. Changes greater than 3 mm in ADI or 5 mm in SAC during dynamic MRI or any bony abnormality warrants further investigation. Patients without these features may be able to avoid an unnecessary intervention.
Prevalence of Hypersensitivity in Teeth Affected by Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH)
Authors: Raposo Fernanda , de Carvalho Rodrigues Ana Cristina , Lia Érica Negrini , Leal Soraya Coelho
Published: January 2019

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypersensitivity in molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)-affected molars through a census carried out in 8-year-old schoolchildren. Methods: Examinations were conducted by a calibrated examiner, using the Nyvad criteria for caries diagnosis and a new criterion for MIH assessment. For hypersensitivity assessment, all MIH-affected molars were included. Nonaffected molars from the same child were used as controls. Air blast reaction was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale (SCASS) scale, while tactile hypersensitivity was scored using VAS only. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test for quantitative data. χ2 was used for the comparison of categorical data. Results: In total, 631 children were assessed, of whom 102 had MIH-affected molars (16.1%). Of these, 51.7 and 8.7% presented enamel and dentin carious lesions, respectively. Regarding the number of teeth, 239 molars were MIH affected (59.8%), with 188 (78.7%) being classified as mild (opacities only), 20 (8.4%) as moderate (posteruptive enamel breakdown), and 31 (13%) as severe (posteruptive breakdown involving dentin/atypical restorations). Hypersensitivity was recorded in only one control molar, while the prevalence of hypersensitivity in MIH-affected molars was 34.7%, being of low intensity and more prevalent in moderate (55%) and severe cases (51.6 %) than in mild cases (29.8%, p = 0.008). An association between hypersensitivity and the presence of mild and moderate cases was observed. Although the same association was observed for severe cases, it was not considered a reliable information as 90% of the MIH-affected molars with posteruptive breakdown involving dentin were affected by carious lesions. It is known that dental caries is a confounding factor for the presence of hypersensitivity. Conclusions: Hypersensitivity was significantly higher in MIH-affected molars than in nonaffected molars, being associated with MIH teeth presenting opacities and posteruptive enamel breakdown.
POPULATION STRUCTURE OF Hoya spp. (APOCYNACEAE: ASCLEPIADOIDEAE) AT BODOGOL NATURE-CONSERVATION EDUCATION CENTER, INDONESIA
Authors: Bermuli Jessica Elfani , Sulistijorini Sulistijorini , Rahayu Sri
Published: January 2019

Hoya species are a type of epiphytic flowering plants that are known to have traditional medicinal values. Since 2011, eight Hoya species are recorded at the Bodogol Nature-Conservation Education Center (BNCEC), Bogor, Indonesia. For effective conservation measures, this study is aimed to analyze the population structure and distribution pattern of Hoya species at BNCEC. Data collection was done from July to August 2016 using a Â purposive sampling method in a 400m2 plot. The results show that each species differed in their population structures. The H. multiflora population structure has the shape of an inverted pyramid, where there were more adult individuals than seedling and young ones, both H. campanulata and H. imperialis have the shape of a natural population pyramid, showing a population balance between seedling, young, and adult individuals. H. lacunosa has the shape of an hourglass, in which the number of seedlings and adult individuals is larger than the young. H. hasseltii and H. vitellinoides have no clear population structures as no adult individuals were discovered for these two species. The distribution pattern of Hoya populations at BNCEC is of the clumped type (Morisitaâ€™s index = 0.661).
FUNGAL INFECTION OF STORED ARABICA COFFEE (Coffea arabica) BEANS IN SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Dharmaputra Okky Setyawati , Ambarwati Santi , Retnowati Ina , Nurfadila Nijma
Published: January 2019

Indonesia is the worldâ€™s fourth-largest coffee producer after Brazil, Vietnam, and Columbia, in which one of its well-known coffee originates from the Toraja region, South Sulawesi. As such, Indonesia has to compete with these countries in producing good quality coffee beans. Consequently, this research aimed (a) to obtain information on the postharvest handling methods of Arabica coffee (C. arabica) beans in Tana Toraja, North Toraja Regencies, and Makassar Municipality, Indonesia, and (b) to investigate the occurrence of fungi (including ochratoxin A producing fungi) in stored Arabica coffee beans collected from various stages of the delivery chain. The data collection process included surveys, interviews, and sample collections conducted in May and July 2016 at each level of the delivery chain. The moisture content (MC) and the physical quality of the beans were also measured to determine its quality. Sixty-four (64) coffee bean samples were collected, consisting of 27 samples from the farmers, 15 samples from the collectors, 13 samples from the traders, and 9 samples from the exporters. The results showed that the moisture contents of coffee beans collected from the farmers and bean collectors (42.5%) were significantly higher than the maximum tolerable limit determined by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) (13%), while the MC of the beans from the traders and exporters (9.7-10.9%) was significantly lower. Based on the total defective values, coffee beans from the farmers had more diverse grades (1-6) than those at other levels. Penicillium citrinum was the dominant fungus found in those beans collected from the farmers, collectors, and traders, while Aspergillus niger was the dominant fungus found in those beans from the exporters. At trader level, 46% of the samples were infected by Aspergillus ochraceus and A. niger, which are known as ochratoxin A (OTA) producing fungi. At exporter level, 44% of the samples were infected by A. ochraceus, while 78% of the samples were infected by A. niger. Thus, the postharvest handling methods conducted especially by farmers and collectors of Arabica coffee beans should be improved to reduce the moisture content and to increase the grade quality of the coffee beans.
ADDITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL SOURCE, Amomum compactum Soland ex Maton AND ITS EFFECT ON RUMINAL FEED FERMENTATION IN-VITRO
Authors: Kurniawati Asih , Widodo Widodo , Artama Wayan Tunas , Yusiati Lies Mira
Published: January 2019

Essential Oil (EO), as feed additive, is known to increase the feed efficiency and reduce the methane production among ruminants. This research was done to study the effect of java cardamom (Amomum compactum Soland ex Maton) essential oil as feed additive on ruminal feed fermentation. The in vitro gas production technique was used in this research to determine the effect of cardamom on nutrient fermentation in the rumen. Cardamom meal was added into the feed sample to get end concentration of EO in the fermentation medium as much as 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l. The substrate consisted of Pennisetum purpureum, rice bran and wheat pollard. The addition of cardamom did not significantly affect the digestibilityof dry matterÂ  Â except at 100 mg/l in which it decreased. Protein digestibility decreased when the diet was added with cardamom, whereas organic matter and crude fiber digestibility increased up to 13.5% and 24% level of EO100mg/l respectively. Â The production of volatile fatty acid (acetate, propionate, butyrate), pH and microbial protein synthesis except the ammonia concentration, were not affected by cardamom addition. Similarly, the methane production and protozoa population did not significantly change. The utilization of java cardamom as feed additive positively affected the ruminal feed fermentation by increasing the organic matter and crude fiber digestibility and reducing the protein digestibility.
EFFECTS OF HUMIC ACID ADDITION TO FEEDS WITH HEAVY METAL CADMIUM CONTAMINATION FROM GREEN MUSSELS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF ASIAN SEABASS
Authors: Rasidi Rasidi , Jusadi Dedi , Setiawati Mia , Yuhana Munti , Jr. Muhammad Zairin , Sugama Ketut
Published: January 2019

Although it contains heavy metals, the highly nutritious green mussel Perna viridis is used as a fish meal replacement in fish diet. Fortunately, humic acid (HA) has the ability to chelate heavy metals in animal feeds. Its addition in fish feed formulation is, therefore, needed to prevent the accumulation of heavy metals in the fish body. Hence, an experiment using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications was conducted to evaluate the performance and feed efficiency of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer juveniles on the addition of HA on its green mussel diet containing heavy metal cadmium (Cd). Â Five experimental diets were formulated with different dosages of HA addition at 0, 400, 800, 1200, and 1600 mg Kg-1of feed as treatments A, B, C, D and E, respectively. The experimental diets were given to triplicate group of 15 Asian seabass juveniles with initial body weights of 4.30 Â± 0.60 g in a 70-day cultivation period of feeding until satiation. The results showed that feed comsumption, feed digestibility, protein retention, growth performance and feed eficiency were significantly affected by HA addition in the fish diet. Among all treatments, HA addition of 1600 mgKg-1 produced the best biological response from the Asian Seabass. This indicated that the humic acid addition in the diet formulation can improve the utilization of feed for fish growth. The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in the flesh of Asian seabass is still under the limit set in the food safety standard, hence, the fishes are still considered safe for human consumption. Therefore, the green mussel meal, with HA addition as an alternative source of protein, has potential as feed additive for the diet contaminated Cd of Asian seabass juveniles.
EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE POTASSIUM 660 G L-1 ON TRANSGENIC AND CONVENTIONAL CORN VARIETIES
Authors: Kurniadie Denny , Umiyati Uum , Widayat Dedi
Published: January 2019

The transgenic corn variety, NK 603, which contains a gene called CP4 EPSPS (5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase) which makes the corn plants tolerant to the glyphosate herbicide, on the other hand conventional corn varieties are sensitive to glyphosate.Â  It was required to test the chlorosis and burn-down effect both in transgenic and conventional corn varieties due to glyphosate. The experiment was conducted to quantify the burn-down effects and chlorosis due to the application of herbicide glyphosate potassium 660 g l-1 on two varieties of corn at the Agriculture Faculty Research Station of Padjadjaran University, West Java, Indonesia, from December 2015 to April 2016. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with 20 treatments and each treatment replicated twice. At 15 days and 20 days after planting, five transgenic corn varieties (C7 RR, 979 RR, 77 RR, 85 RR and 95 RR) and five conventional corn varieties (C7, 979,77,85 and 95) were applied with herbicide glyphosate potassium 660 g l-1 at a dose of 2 L ha-1. The results showed that the herbicide was effective to control the weed in both transgenic and conventional corn varieties. The transgenic corn variety exhibited smaller percentages of chlorosis (0-20%) and no burn-down effect was observed following applications of glyphosate potassium 660 g l-1. On the other hand, chlorosis and burn-down effects were found on all conventional corn varieties.Â  The yield of transgenic corn varieties was higher than those of the conventional corn varieties.
Macrophage-Derived Legumain Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension by Activating the MMP (Matrix Metalloproteinase)-2/TGF (Transforming Growth Factor)-β1 Signaling
Authors: Bai Peiyuan , Lyu Luheng , Yu Tingting , Zuo Caojian , Fu Jie , He Yuhu , Wan Qiangyou , Wan Naifu , Jia Daile , Lyu Ankang
Published: January 2019

Objective—

Macrophages participate in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Lgmn (Legumain), a newly discovered cysteine proteinase belonging to the C13 peptidase family, is primarily expressed in macrophages; however, its roles in PAH remain unknown.

Approach and Results—

Herein, Lgmn was upregulated in lung tissues of PAH mice subjected to hypoxia plus SU5416 and PAH rats challenged with monocrotaline. Global Lgmn ablation and macrophage-specific ablation alleviated PAH compared with wild-type mice, evident from a reduction in right ventricular systolic pressure, the ratio of the right ventricular wall to the left ventricular wall plus the septum, the pulmonary vascular media thickness, and pulmonary vascular muscularization. Increased expression of ECM (extracellular matrix) proteins was correlated with MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2 activation and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 signaling in the PAs. Although Lgmn did not affect inflammatory cell infiltration and PA smooth muscle cell proliferation, it drove increased the synthesis of ECM proteins via MMP-2 activation. MMP-2 hydrolyzed the TGF-β1 precursor to the active form. An Lgmn-specific inhibitor markedly ameliorated PAH. Clinically, serum Lgmn levels were closely associated with the severity of idiopathic PAH.

Conclusions—

Our results indicate that Lgmn inhibition could be an effective strategy for preventing or delaying PAH.
Redescriptions of species of Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934 (Diptera: Chironomidae) described by Brundin (1947)
Authors: DU JING , WANG XIN-HUA , SÆTHER OLE
Published: January 2019

Five species of the genus Bryophaenocladius Thienemann described by Brundin (1947), B. aestivus, B. flexidens, B. inconstans, B. propinquus and B. scanicus, are redescribed. Lectotypes of B. aestivus and B. flexidens are designated.
Erratum: MARTIN, JON, SUBLETTE, JAMES E. & CALDWELL, BROUGHTON A. (2010) Description of Chironomus quinnitukut, n. sp., closely related to the C. decorus group in North America, with characterization of an additional larval form from halobiontic habitats. Zootaxa, 2716, 29–41.
Authors: MARTIN JAMES E. JON SUBLETTE , CALDWELL BROUGHTON A.
Published: January 2019

(Erratum)
Taxonomy of the dung beetle genus Ochicanthon Vaz-de-Mello (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of the Indian subcontinent, with notes on distribution patterns and flightlessness
Authors: LATHA MATHEWS , CUCCODORO GIULIO , SABU THOMAS K. , VINOD K. V.
Published: January 2019

The taxonomy of the genus Ochicanthon Vaz-de-Mello of the Indian subcontinent is revised and an identification key to the species is provided. The number of Ochicanthon species from the region is increased to 15, eight of which are new: O. besucheti Cuccodoro sp. nov., O. ceylonicus Cuccodoro sp. nov., O. devagiriensis Sabu & Latha sp. nov., O. ernei Cuccodoro sp. nov., O. gauricola Cuccodoro sp. nov., O. murthyi Vinod & Sabu sp. nov., O. mussardi Cuccodoro sp. nov. and O. vazdemelloi Latha & Sabu sp. nov. Four species from the upper montane cloud forests are wingless, raising the number of wingless species of Ochicanthon to five. At least two groups of Ochicanthon exist in the Indian subcontinent: i) the O. tristis group with dorsum predominantly black-brown, with a distinct pattern of orange-yellow patches on the elytra and ii) the O. laetus group with dorsum entirely brown or black and with or without a faint orange patch. The distributions in the moist forests of the southwestern and northeastern regions of the Indian subcontinent, the possible origin of the genus in the Western Ghats in the southwest of the subcontinent and the flightlessness of montane species are discussed.
Morphometric differentiation of five biotypes of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Iran
Authors: BARAHOEI HOSSEIN , MADJDZADEH SEYED MASSOUD , MEHRPARVAR MOHSEN
Published: January 2019

Morphometric analyses were carried out on five biotypes of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) associated with five host aphid species, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis gossypii Glover, Brachyunguis zygophylli (Nevsky) and Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). Sixteen morphological characters were measured on female specimens of L. fabarum. Two multivariate discriminant analyses, discriminant function analysis and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean cluster analysis, were employed to discriminate among L. fabarum biotypes on a morphological basis. Both discriminant function analysis and cluster analysis revealed significant morphological differences. Specimens of L. fabarum reared on Melanaphis sacchari/ Sorghum halepense association showed clear differentiation from other L. fabarum biotypes. A stepwise discriminant function analysis selected Distance between R1-R2 junction and outer margin of wing, Metacarpus length, Width of first tergit, Basal vein length and Femur length that showed the highest contribution to the separation of host-adapted biotypes. A dendrogram of the cluster analysis based on data of squared Euclidean distances classified biotypes in different groups. This study demonstrates that morphometric analysis of morphological characters can efficiently discriminate among host-associated groups based on size variation and clearly separate biotypes of L. fabarum. We concluded that L. fabarum biotypes are not homogeneous morphological entities, and represent different host-associated forms.
The first fossil buprestids from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of China (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: PAN XIAOXIONG , CHANG HUALI , REN DONG , SHIH CHUNGKUN
Published: January 2019

A new genus with three new species of fossil Buprestidae, Sinoparathyrea bimaculata gen. et sp. nov., S. gracilenta sp. nov., and S. robusta sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China, are described. This is the earliest fossil record of buprestids in China and it is also the first record of buprestids from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of China.
Descriptions of two new species of Augerella Gupta (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from Vietnam
Authors: PHAM NHI THI , BROAD GAVIN R. , LAMPE KARL-HEINZ
Published: January 2019

Due to an unfortunate oversight the type depositories were omitted in the descriptions of Augerella achterbergi Pham, Broad et Lampe, and Augerella vriesi Pham, Broad et Lampe (Pham et al. 2010).  The respective specimens are deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, Netherlands (RMNH) and Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam (IEBR). In order to validate the descriptions of these two taxa, we reiterate the descriptions below.
A new species of Trichopseniini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) found with Schedorhinotermes termite (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
Authors: KANAO TAISUKE , MARUYAMA MUNETOSHI , SAKCHOOWONG WATANA
Published: January 2019

Schedolimulus komatsui Kanao & Maruyama, n. sp. (Aleocharinae, Trichopseniini) is described from Khao Yai National Park, East Thailand. This is a new record of Trichopseniini from Thailand. Phorilimulus Pasteels & Kistner, 1971 is synonymized with Schedolimulus Pasteels & Kistner, 1971, and Schedolimulus is redescribed. Phorilimulus minutus Pasteels & Kistner, 1971 is transferred to Schedolimulus. A key to the species of Schedolimulus is given.
Taxonomic status of Akodon oenos (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae), an obscure species from West Central Argentina
Authors: PARDIÑAS ULYSES F. J. , TETA PABLO , D’ELÍA GUILLERMO , DIAZ GABRIELA B.
Published: January 2019

Akodon oenos Braun, Mares, and Ojeda, 2000 was described on a large sample of individuals collected from two localities near Mendoza city, Argentina. This sample was obtained in the 1980’s by Julio R. Contreras and María I. Rossi and labeled, but never published, as “Akodon minoprioi new species.” The description provided by Braun and collaborators was limited to craniodental and color pelage traits compared with those of five individuals of the sympatric form A. molinae Contreras, 1968. Akodon oenos was proposed as new and presumptively allied to the A. varius species group of Akodon. In February 2009 we collected an individual of Akodon in Llancanelo Natural Reserve, southern Mendoza, that morphologically fits the original description of A. oenos. Further study of some individuals of the type series of A. oenos reinforces this taxonomic hypothesis for the Llancanelo specimen. However, comparisons with other Akodon species overlooked by Braun and collaborators, reveals striking similarities with the widespread and phenotypically variable species A. spegazzinii Thomas, 1897. The evidence at hand, including morphological, karyological, and genetical traits, allows us to propose a new taxonomic scenario. A. oenos is considered here a junior synonym of A. spegazzinii and therefore belongs to the A. boliviensis species group of Akodon, extending the known geographic distribution for this species at least to southern Mendoza piedmont in the ecotone between the Monte and Patagonia eco-regions. More generally, this situation highlights the necessity when working with complex genera (as many sigmodontines are) to perform extensive comparisons and to use several sets of evidence in order to reduce the probability of generating biologically redundant names and more taxonomic confusion.
Redescription and new records of a poorly known leucosiid crab, Pseudophilyra punctulata Chen & Ng, 2003, and description of a new species of Pseudophilyra from Japan (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , SHIMETSUGU MIHO , NG PETER K.L.
Published: January 2019

A poorly known leucosiid crab, Pseudophilyra punctulata Chen & Ng, 2003, originally described on the basis of an immature male holotype and an immature female paratype from Singapore, is rediscovered and rediagnosed on the basis of material from Thailand, the Philippines and the Ryukyu Islands (Japan). In addition, a new species closely related to P. punctulata, P. parilis, is described and illustrated on the basis of material from Mie Prefecture, Honshu mainland of Japan. The new species is distinguished from P. punctulata by the coarser granules bordering the lateral carapace margins and the different shape of the gonopods. Pseudophilyra tridentata Miers, 1879, is also compared with P. punctulata and P. parilis n. sp. because of the close similarities in the overall morphology of the carapace and appendages, but can easily be differentiated by the smoother carapace and thoracic sternum surface, different shape of the carapace and the stouter cheliped palm. It is possible that previous records of P. tridentata outside Japan might contain more than one species.