bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐Aligned Non‐Centrosymmetric Conjugated Molecules Enable Electro‐Optic Perovskites
Authors: Gao Yuan , Sachinthani K. A. Niradha , Zheng Chao , Jarrett‐Wilkins Charlie , Johnston Andrew , Sun Meng‐Jia , Najarian Amin Morteza , Wang Ya‐Kun , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , de Arquer F. Pelayo García , Seferos Dwight S. , Hoogland Sjoerd , Sargent Edward H.
Published: August 2021

Solution‐processed organic electro‐optic (EO) chromophores are well suited for integration in optical modulators on silicon photonics chips. They contain highly conjugated molecules with polar functional groups offering large dipoles and a large nonlinear optical response. However, these molecules form centrosymmetric aggregates that hinder poling efficiency and the resultant macroscopic EO response. Furthermore, at elevated temperatures, the alignment of poled molecules can be lost, leading to a reduction in the EO response. Inorganic EO materials exhibit excellent thermal stability but lower performance. Here 2D metal halide perovskite scaffolds that align EO molecules are reported. The approach heralds a material design strategy that combines the features of organic and inorganic EO materials. The EO material exhibits promising thermal stability with a performance approaching that of organic EO materials. Anchor diammonium non‐centrosymmetric molecules are anchored inside a 2D metal halide perovskite scaffold, thereby avoiding aggregation. The authors lever the thermal stability of this compound and pole the organic molecules under an electric field at 533 K. The 2D perovskites exhibit a macroscopic EO coefficient of 68 pm V−1—a twofold increase over LiNbO3. Density functional theory calculations show that the in‐plane alignment of the molecular dipole moments can account for the EO response.
A Multifunctional Tyrosine‐Immobilized PAH Molecule as a Universal Cathode Interlayer Enables High‐Efficiency Inverted Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Young‐O , Moon Byung Joon , Lee Aram , Kim Jin Il , Lee Seoung‐Ki , Lee Yoon‐Sik , Bae Sukang , Hong Byung Hee , Jung Yong Chae
Published: August 2021

Among the various biological components in the photosynthesis reaction, tyrosine (Tyr) is considered crucial for facilitation of charge/proton transfer. However, the practical realization of this capability in recent artificial solar‐energy conversion systems is limited by the required alignment of Tyr molecules with both host materials and themselves. In this work, Tyr−perylene diimide−Tyr (PDI‐Y) is designed for implementation of a molecular‐based artificial photosystem II, where PDI and Tyr act as an antenna and internal mediator, respectively. The experimental and theoretical investigations prove that the presence of covalently immobilized Tyr can enhance the intramolecular charge separation, leading to a significant reduction of the exciton recombination probability. To explore the feasibility of using Tyr‐immobilized PDI in practical applications, PDI‐Y is applied as a universal cathode interlayer in an inverted polymer solar cell (iPSC). The result demonstrates potential multifunctional roles of PDI‐Y as a sub‐photosensitizer and electron transport layer, leading to a superior photovoltaic performance in both fullerene (PC71BM) and nonfullerene (Y6) based iPSCs. Consequently, the simple yet efficient Tyr‐immobilization approach is expected to offer tremendous opportunities for the advancement of electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Effects of nitrogen type on rainfed maize nutrient uptake and grain yield
Authors: Guo Jinjin , Fan Junliang , Xiang Youzhen , Zhang Fucang , Zheng Jing , Yan Shicheng , Yan Fulai , Hou Xianghao , Li Yuepeng , Yang Ling
Published: August 2021

Urea blended with slow‐release nitrogen fertilizer (UNS) is considered as a promising alternative to increase crop yields compared with the conventional split urea (U) application or slow‐release nitrogen fertilizer (SRF). However, the yield‐increasing effect and mechanism of UNS under different rainfall conditions is still unclear. A field experiment was conducted during 2016–2020 to evaluate the effects of UNS on dry matter (DM), nutrient uptake, and grain yield of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) in Northwest China. The results showed that UNS increased the average total DM and N uptake by 19.6 and 27.5% compared with U, and by 15.8 and 18.2% relative to SRF, respectively. The average maximum DMaccumulation and N uptake rates in UNS were increased by 26.5 and 6.5% compared with those in U, and by 20.4 and 14.0% relative to those in SRF, respectively. Compared with U and SRF, UNS increased N remobilization from vegetative organs to grains after silking by 51.9 and 40.7%, respectively. Dry matter accumulation, NPK uptake, and N remobilization in 2017 (“pre‐dry”) and 2018 (“normal”) were greater than those in 2016 (“post‐dry”), 2019 (“wet”), and 2020 (“wet”). Grain yield in U was relatively low and stable over the five growing seasons, while grain yield followed the order of 2017 > 2018 ≈ 2019 ≈ 2020 > 2016 in UNS, and 2018 ≈ 2019 > 2020 > 2017 > 2016 in SRF. The UNS increased grain yield by 46.2 and 28.6% compared with U and SRF, respectively. Therefore, UNS can be used as a promising N management practice to improve the ability of agricultural ecosystems to cope with climate change, and ultimately maintain high crop yields.
Diagnostic work‐up for severe aplastic anemia in children: Consensus of the North American Pediatric Aplastic Anemia Consortium
Authors: Shimano Kristin A. , Narla Anupama , Rose Melissa J. , Gloude Nicholas J. , Allen Steven W. , Bergstrom Katie , Broglie Larisa , Carella Beth A. , Castillo Paul , de Jong Jill L. O. , Dror Yigal , Geddis Amy E. , Huang James N. , Lau Bonnie W. , McGuinn Catherine , Nakano Taizo A. , Overholt Kathleen , Rothman Jennifer A. , Sharathkumar Anjali , Shereck Evan , Vlachos Adrianna , Olson Timothy S. , Bertuch Alison A. , Wlodarski Marcin W. , Shimamura Akiko , Boklan Jessica
Published: August 2021

The North American Pediatric Aplastic Anemia Consortium (NAPAAC) is a group of pediatric hematologist‐oncologists, hematopathologists, and bone marrow transplant physicians from 46 institutions in North America with interest and expertise in aplastic anemia, inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, and myelodysplastic syndromes. The NAPAAC Bone Marrow Failure Diagnosis and Care Guidelines Working Group was established with the charge of harmonizing the approach to the diagnostic workup of aplastic anemia in an effort to standardize best practices in the field. This document outlines the rationale for initial evaluations in pediatric patients presenting with signs and symptoms concerning for severe aplastic anemia.
Factors influencing the success of male introductions into groups of female rhesus macaques: Introduction technique, male characteristics and female behavior
Authors: Beisner Brianne A. , Remillard Caren M. , Moss Shannon , Long Caroline E. , Bailey Kelly L. , Young Leigh A. , Meeker Tracy , McCowan Brenda , Bloomsmith Mollie A.
Published: August 2021

In captive populations of rhesus macaques, novel adult males are commonly introduced to female groups every few years to prevent inbreeding, which mimics male dispersal in wild macaque populations. However, introducing adult males is challenging because macaques are aggressive to newcomers, which can result in serious injuries. Efforts to reduce trauma risk during the introduction process and increase the probability of success are needed. Here we investigate the impact of multiple factors, including male attributes (e.g., age, weight, rank, and experience), introduction method (punctuated vs. continual exposure to females), and female behavior, on males' trauma risk and integration success. We studied eight introductions of multimale cohorts (3–7 males each; N = 36 total) into existing female groups of rhesus macaques at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center. Four cohorts were introduced using the punctuated exposure method where adult males were moved each morning from run housing to the females' indoor enclosure and returned to run housing in the afternoon, and four cohorts were introduced using the continual exposure method where adult males were moved to an introduction enclosure attached to the females' outdoor compound, allowing males to live in protected contact next to the female group continuously. Generalized linear mixed models fitted to trauma risk (e.g., latency to first trauma; total trauma count) and success or failure to integrate (i.e., continual residence within the female group for greater than 53% of days within a 28‐day window after first overnight stay) showed that continual exposure to females in the introduction enclosure reduced male trauma risk and increased the likelihood of successful integration compared to punctuated exposure. Males received less trauma when they received a higher rate of grooming from females. Male attributes had no effect. These findings highlight the importance of introduction technique and female behavior in the process of males' social integration into female groups.
Lipocalin‐Type Prostaglandin d Synthase Conjugates as Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents for Detecting Amyloid β‐Rich Regions in the Brain of Live Alzheimer's Disease Mice
Authors: Sharma Bhargy , Grandjean Joanes , Phillips Margaret , Kumar Ambrish , Mandino Francesca , Yeow Ling Yun , Low Kimberly Jia Yi , Nandwana Vikas , Dravid Vinayak P. , Bengang Xing , Lim Sierin , Pervushin Konstantin
Published: August 2021

With a significant proportion of the global population growing older (>60 years), the low success rates of current diagnoses for early neurodegeneration signs are disappointing. Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can improve acclimatization and quality of life for patients in their later years. Endogenous proteins, such as the most abundant secreted protein in cerebrospinal fluid, lipocalin‐type prostaglandin d synthase (L‐PGDS), can bind the early toxic oligomers of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides implicated in AD and prevent their aggregation. Herein, the utility of L‐PGDS for detection of amyloids is demonstrated. L‐PGDS is conjugated with different iron‐oxide magnetic nanoparticles for contrast‐enhanced visualization using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These conjugates inhibit amyloid aggregation in vitro and improve viability in neuronal cells incubated with amyloid fibrils, showing a potential neuroprotective function. L‐PGDS‐ferritin conjugates, when administered intraventricularly, localize to AD‐associated amyloid‐rich regions in mice brain imaged using MRI and histological stains. As a proof‐of‐concept, it is demonstrated that L‐PGDS conjugates could reach the brain regions through non‐invasive intranasal administration. These conjugates are developed as the first entirely protein‐based nanoprobes for early detection of brain amyloids. The results of this study open a wider avenue for study of endogenous proteins as potential theranostics for AD.
Esterase‐Activatable and Glutathione‐Responsive Triptolide Nano‐Prodrug for the Eradication of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sui Binglin , Cheng Chen , Shi Shanshan , Wang Mingming , Xu Peisheng
Published: August 2021

Triptolide (TPL) is a small molecule isolated from a traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F and shows excellent anticancer effect for pancreatic cancer cells. However, the poor water solubility ad severe liver toxicity of TPL hindered its clinical application. Herein, TPL is covalently conjugated to a polymer and entrapped inside the core of the TPL nanogel (nTPL) to protect it from premature leakage during blood circulation. With the help of lactobionic acid (LBA), nTPL‐LBA could selectively target the tumors in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model. TPL could be subsequently released intracellularly in its original form due to the presence of elevated intracellular esterase and GSH, and eventually kills cancer cells. nTPL‐LBA treatment reduces tumor burden by 99% while not introducing TPL‐associated liver and kidney toxicities. Most importantly, more than half of the nTPL‐LBA‐treated animals are tumor‐free, suggesting that nTPL‐LBA is an effective approach in eradicating pancreatic cancer.
Design, Synthesis and Hydrogen Bonding of B3N6‐[4]Triangulene
Authors: Zhao Mengna , Miao Qian
Published: August 2021

Replacement of the allylic C=C−C unit with a N−B−N unit at each of the three zigzag edges of [4]triangulene gives rise to B3N6‐[4]triangulene, which is envisioned to represent a key structural unit of a new hypothetical boron carbon nitride (BC4N). A tert‐butylated B3N6‐[4]triangulene has been successfully synthesized by three‐fold nitrogen‐directed borylation, and the X‐ray crystallographic analysis indicates that its slightly bent triangular polycyclic framework can be viewed as a 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene connected by three 4π‐electron N−B−N units. The HN−B−NH moiety provides a dual hydrogen‐bond donor, which forms H‐bonds with halide or carboxylate anions in solution, and form DD‐AA hydrogen‐bond arrays with 2,7‐di(tert‐butyl)‐pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone in the co‐crystal. Moreover, the blue fluorescence of B3N6‐[4]triangulene in solution is responsive to binding p‐nitrobenzoate anion through hydrogen bonds.
Charge Transfer from Donor to Acceptor in Conjugated Microporous Polymer for Enhanced Photosensitization
Authors: Peng Yuan‐Zhao , Guo Guang‐Chen , Guo Song , Kong Li‐Hui , Lu Tong‐Bu , Zhang Zhi‐Ming
Published: August 2021

Photosensitization associated with light absorption and energy/electron‐transfer represents the central processes for photosynthesis. However, it's still a challenge to develop a heavy‐atom‐free (HAF) strategy to improve the sensitizing ability of polymeric photosensitizers. Herein, we propose a new protocol to significantly improve the photosensitization by decorating mother conjugated microporous polymer (CMP‐1) with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), resulting in a series of CMPs (CMP‐2–4). Systematic study reveals that covalent modification with PAHs can transfer charge to Bodipy in CMP to further facilitate both intersystem crossing and electron‐hole separation, which can dramatically boost energy‐/electron‐transfer reactions. Remarkably, CMP‐2 as a representative CMP can efficiently drive the photosynthesis of methyl phenyl sulfoxide with 92 % yield, substantially higher than that of CMP‐1 (32 %). Experiments and theory calculations demonstrate the structure‐property‐activity relationship of these CMPs, opening a new horizon for developing HAF heterogeneous photosensitizers with highly efficient sensitizing activity by rational structure regulation at a molecular level.
I2‐Promoted Intramolecular Oxidative Cyclization of Butenyl Anilines: A Facile Route to Benzo[b]azepines
Authors: An Zhenyu , Ren Yi , Liu Yafeng , Yan Rulong
Published: August 2021

A metal‐free approach for the synthesis of seven‐membered N‐heterocycles has been developed by the I2‐promoted intramolecular cross‐coupling/annulation of butenyl anilines. This cyclization reaction involves C−H activation and C−C bond formation and exhibits good functional group tolerance. A series of benzo[b]azepine derivatives are obtained in moderate to good yields.
Left ventricular‐only fusion pacing versus cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Su Yangang , Hua Wei , Shen Farong , Zou Jiangang , Tang Baopeng , Chen Keping , Liang Yixiu , He Lang , Zhou Xiaohong , Zhang Xue , Lu Hongyang , Zhang Shu
Published: August 2021

Background

It is unclear whether clinical benefits of cardiac resynchronization can be achieved by pacing only the left ventricle.

Hypothesis

We aimed to compare the effect of a novel adaptive left ventricular‐only fusion pacing (LVP) on ventricular function with conventional biventricular pacing (BVP) in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) indicated patients.

Methods

This prospective, randomized, multicenter study enrolled CRT‐indicated patients with PR interval ≤ 200 ms who were randomized in the adaptive LVP group (using the AdaptivCRT™ algorithm with intentional non‐capture right ventricular pacing) or the echocardiography‐optimized BVP group. Cardiac function and echocardiography were evaluated at baseline and follow‐ups. CRT super response was defined as two‐fold or more increase of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or final LVEF >45%, and LV end‐systolic volume (LVESV) decrease >15%, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class improved by at least one level.

Results

Sixty‐three patients were enrolled in the study (LVP = 34 vs. BVP = 29). At 6‐month follow‐up, significant improvements in LVEF, LVESV, and NYHA class were observed in both groups. The CRT super response rate was significantly higher in patients with high‐percentage adaptive LV‐only pacing in LVP group (68.4%) than in BVP group (36.4%, p = .04).

Conclusions

Adaptive LV‐only pacing was comparable to BVP in improving cardiac function and clinical condition in CRT‐indicated patients. This finding raises the possibility that an adaptive LVP algorithm with appropriate right ventricular sensing to fuse with intrinsic right ventricular activation in a two‐lead (right atrium and left ventricle) device may provide clinical benefit in a subset of CRT patients with intact atrioventricular conduction.
Ten‐day decitabine with venetoclax versus intensive chemotherapy in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Maiti Abhishek , DiNardo Courtney D. , Qiao Wei , Kadia Tapan M. , Jabbour Elias J. , Rausch Caitlin R. , Daver Naval G. , Short Nicholas J. , Borthakur Gautam , Pemmaraju Naveen , Yilmaz Musa , Alvarado Yesid , Montalbano Kathryn S. , Wade Allison , Maduike Rita E. , Guerrero Julio A. , Vaughan Kenneth , Bivins Carol A. , Pierce Sherry , Ning Jing , Ravandi Farhad , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Konopleva Marina Y.
Published: August 2021

Background

Relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has poor outcomes. Although lower‐intensity venetoclax‐containing regimens are standard for older/unfit patients with newly diagnosed AML, it is unknown how such regimens compare with intensive chemotherapy (IC) for R/R AML.

Methods

Outcomes of R/R AML treated with 10‐day decitabine and venetoclax (DEC10‐VEN) were compared with IC‐based regimens including idarubicin with cytarabine, with or without cladribine, clofarabine, or fludarabine, with or without additional agents. Propensity scores derived from patient baseline characteristics were used to match DEC10‐VEN and IC patients to minimize bias.

Results

Sixty‐five patients in the DEC10‐VEN cohort were matched to 130 IC recipients. The median ages for the DEC10‐VEN and IC groups were 64 and 58 years, respectively, and baseline characteristics were balanced between the 2 cohorts. DEC10‐VEN conferred significantly higher responses compared with IC including higher overall response rate (60% vs 36%; odds ratio [OR], 3.28; P < .001), complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi, 19% vs 6%; OR, 3.56; P = .012), minimal residual disease negativity by flow cytometry (28% vs 13%; OR, 2.48; P = .017), and lower rates of refractory disease. DEC10‐VEN led to significantly longer median event‐free survival compared with IC (5.7 vs 1.5 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.30‐0.70; P < .001), as well as median overall survival (OS; 6.8 vs 4.7 months; HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.37‐0.86; P = .008). DEC10‐VEN was independently associated with improved OS compared with IC in multivariate analysis. Exploratory analysis for OS in 27 subgroups showed that DEC10‐VEN was comparable with IC as salvage therapy for R/R AML.

Conclusion

DEC10‐VEN represents an appropriate salvage therapy and may offer better responses and survival compared with IC in adults with R/R AML.
Serum extracellular vesicles containing MIAT induces atrial fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress to promote atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation via blockade of miR‐485‐5p‐mediated CXCL10 inhibition
Authors: Chen Yingwei , Chen Xiaojie , Li Haiyu , Li Yunpeng , Cheng Dong , Tang Yi , Sang Haiqiang
Published: August 2021

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF), a supraventricular arrhythmia that impairs cardiac function, is a main source of morbidity and mortality. Serum‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified to carry potential biomarker or target for the diagnosis and treatment of AF. We intended to dissect out the role of lncRNA MIAT enriched in serum‐derived EVs in AF.

Methods

MIAT expression was quantified in EVs isolated from serum samples of AF patients. Mouse and cell models of AF were developed after angiotensin II (Ang II) induction. Relationship between MIAT, miR‐485‐5p, and CXCL10 was identified. Ectopic expression and depletion assays were implemented in Ang II‐treated mice or HL‐1 cells, or those co‐cultured with serum‐derived EVs to explore the roles of EV‐carried MIAT.

Results

MIAT was upregulated in EVs from serum samples of AF patients. Further analysis indicated that MIAT enriched in serum‐derived EVs promoted atrial fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, and aggravated the atrial remodeling and resultant AF. Mechanistically, MIAT bound to miR‐485‐5p and weakened its inhibitory role on the target CXCL10, which was responsible for the role of serum‐derived EV containing MIAT in cellular fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, and atrial remodeling in vivo.

Conclusions

In conclusion, serum‐derived EV containing MIAT facilitates atrial remodeling and exacerbates the AF by abolishing the miR‐485‐5p‐mediated CXCL10 inhibition. This finding aids in the deeper understanding about the pathophysiology of AF.
An approach to rapid processing of camera trap images with minimal human input
Authors: Duggan Matthew T. , Groleau Melissa F. , Shealy Ethan P. , Self Lillian S. , Utter Taylor E. , Waller Matthew M. , Hall Bryan C. , Stone Chris G. , Anderson Layne L. , Mousseau Timothy A.
Published: August 2021

Camera traps have become an extensively utilized tool in ecological research, but the manual processing of images created by a network of camera traps rapidly becomes an overwhelming task, even for small camera trap studies.

We used transfer learning to create convolutional neural network (CNN) models for identification and classification. By utilizing a small dataset with an average of 275 labeled images per species class, the model was able to distinguish between species and remove false triggers.

We trained the model to detect 17 object classes with individual species identification, reaching an accuracy up to 92% and an average F1 score of 85%. Previous studies have suggested the need for thousands of images of each object class to reach results comparable to those achieved by human observers; however, we show that such accuracy can be achieved with fewer images.

With transfer learning and an ongoing camera trap study, a deep learning model can be successfully created by a small camera trap study. A generalizable model produced from an unbalanced class set can be utilized to extract trap events that can later be confirmed by human processors.
Li3La[PS4]2: The First Lithium Lanthanum Ortho‐Thiophosphate
Authors: Lange Pia L. , Schleid Thomas
Published: August 2021

The first lithium‐containing lanthanum ortho‐thiophosphate(V) with the formula Li3La[PS4]2 crystallizes orthorhombically in the space group Pbca with a=1053.51(6) pm, b=1920.62(11) pm, c=1165.83(7) pm and Z=8. Colorless single crystals were obtained from the reaction of lanthanum trichloride, dilithium sulfide and diphosphorus pentasulfide at 750 °C with lithium chloride as by‐product. The new structure of Li3La[PS4]2 features characteristic [PS4]3− anions and a crystallographically unique La3+‐cation position, surrounded by eight sulfur atoms from four [PS4]3− tetrahedra constructing a trigonal dodecahedron. These [LaS8]13− polyhedra are connected via [PS4]3− tetrahedra to form strongly corrugated layers (

) spreading out parallel to the ac‐plane with Li+ cations in between residing in four‐, five‐ and sixfold sulfur coordination. Raman‐spectroscopic measurements were performed to visualize further vibrational modes, whereas diffuse reflectance spectroscopy verified the absorption of UV light, owing to the colorless appearance of the crystals. The optical band gap was found to be at 3.25 eV. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS) measurements assured the absence of chlorine in the investigated single crystals. Calculations of Effective Coordination Numbers (ECoN) for each crystallographic position confirm the refined coordination environments for all atoms. Further investigations of the Madelung Parts of the Lattice Energies (MAPLE) point out the strong relationship of Li3La[PS4]2 with the ternary compounds of Li3[PS4] and La[PS4].
Catalytic Water Oxidation by a RuII Half Sandwich Complex
Authors: Vatsa Aditi , Kumar Padhi Sumanta
Published: August 2021

Water splitting is an emerging domain in the sustainable energy system. In this study a half‐sandwich [Ru(η6‐benzene)(hdm)]BF4 [Ru‐hdm] complex (hdm=hydroxydi(pyridine‐2‐yl)methanolate) has been synthesized and characterized through various spectroscopic techniques. The complex [Ru‐hdm] has been employed to investigate the activity towards electrochemical and chemical water oxidation. Efficient generation of O2 through chemical and electrochemical water oxidation (98 % Faradaic efficiency) in deionized water was observed. The formation of insoluble particles of [RuVI=O] and [RuIV=O] species in the reaction mixture and a coating over the surface of the silicone rubber septum has been noticed. The kinetics of chemical water oxidation reveals the 1st order dependency on CAN and catalyst concentration.
Versatile Heteroleptic Cu(I) Complexes Based on Quino(xa)‐line‐Triazole Ligands: from Visible‐Light Absorption and Cooperativity to Luminescence and Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Bruschi Cecilia , Gui Xin , Salaeh‐arae Nasrin , Barchi Tobia , Fuhr Olaf , Lebedkin Sergei , Klopper Wim , Bizzarri Claudia
Published: August 2021

Four new heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes based on 1, 2, 3‐triazolyl‐quinoline or quinoxaline and a chelating diphosphine were prepared and fully characterised. The mononuclear derivatives absorb in the visible region, up to 600 nm, while the dinuclear complex has a long‐tail absorption up to 800 nm, showing an additional electronic state corroborated by theoretical calculations. Although a methylene group between the triazole and the quino(xa)line moiety increases the bite angle and decreases the luminescence in solution, all complexes emit brightly in the solid‐state. Their redox properties in the excited state were determined, proving their ability in serving as photoredox catalysts in atom transfer radical addition successfully.
Isolation of a Cyclopentasilane from Magnesium Reduction of a Linear Hexasilane
Authors: Ballestero‐Martínez Ernesto , Ferguson John T. , Siegler Maxime A. , Klausen Rebekka S.
Published: August 2021

The reductive cyclization of two linear hexasilanes is contrasted, where a methylated precursor yielded a cyclohexasilane while the tert‐butyl‐functionalized analog unexpectedly yielded a cyclopentasilane. A comprehensive analysis using X‐ray diffraction, IR, HR, HRMS, and multinuclear (1H, 13C and 29Si) 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy identified the 1,2‐dihydrodisilane tBuPhHSi‐SiHPhtBu as an additional product, which was interpreted as supportive of a mechanism involving silylene elimination. The results of this study may prove informative about substituent effects in the practice of complex organosilicon molecular synthesis.
Research Advances in Regulating the Microenviroment of Enzyme Electrodes in Non‐aqueous Systems: A Minireview
Authors: Wang Shizhen , Xiong Yu , Sartin Matthew M. , Zhan Dongping
Published: August 2021

Exploring bioelectroanalysis and bioelectrocatalysis in non‐aqueous systems are essential for bridging the gap between laboratorial and industrial scale. Bioelectrodes based on carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, have been designed and fabricated with biocompatible surface functionalities. This review presents recent advances in regulation of a biocompatible microenvironment of enzyme electrodes in non‐aqueous systems. We summarize the modification strategies to facilitate electron transfer and promote enrichment of hydrophobic analytes. We focus on the mining and modification for robust oxidoreductases from extremophiles to explore the biosensors in extreme conditions. Challenges and future prospects for bioelectrodes in non‐aqueous systems are discussed.
Antecedent controls on the spatial organization of yardangs on the Puna Plateau, north‐western Argentina
Authors: Favaro Elena A. , Hugenholtz Chris H. , Barchyn Thomas E.
Published: August 2021

Yardangs are streamlined ridges that form in arid environments on Earth and Mars through wind‐driven abrasion of consolidated substrates. Currently, there is limited consensus on the mechanisms that initiate and establish patterns of yardangs on the landscape. In this work, we examine the spatial organization of yardangs in the Campo de Piedra Pómez ignimbrite deposit of north‐western Argentina and identify evidence of antecedent controls on yardang patterns and formation. We mapped 14,826 yardangs in the region using a high‐resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and satellite imagery. We classified yardangs as points using a two‐stage decision rule based on morphology and spectral characteristics. Point pattern analysis shows that yardangs in the study area are not randomly distributed and commonly exhibit directional anisotropy in point pattern. The anisotropic pattern manifests as bands of closely‐spaced yardangs oriented transverse to the dominant northwesterly wind direction. We hypothesize that banding is controlled by pre‐existing antecedent topography in the bedrock, such as fumaroles or ridges associated with pyroclastic flow deposits. We present evidence from other locations on Earth and Mars to illustrate that the transverse banding is a common pattern in yardang landscapes.
Effects of the Colorectal Cancer Control Program
Authors: Bitler Marianne P. , Carpenter Christopher S. , Horn Danea
Published: August 2021

Although colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is highly effective, screening rates lag far below recommended levels, particularly for low‐income people. The Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) funded $100 million in competitively awarded grants to 25 states from 2009–2015 to increase CRC screening rates among low‐income, uninsured populations, in part by directly providing and paying for screening services. Using data from the 2001–2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and a difference‐in‐differences strategy, we find no effects of CRCCP on the use of relatively cheap fecal occult blood tests (FOBT). We do, however, find that the CRCCP significantly increased the likelihood that uninsured 50–64‐year‐olds report ever having a relatively expensive endoscopic CRC screening (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) by 2.9 percentage points, or 10.7%. These effects are larger for women, minorities, and individuals who did not undertake other types of preventive care. We do not find that the CRCCP led to significant changes in CRC cancer detection. Our results indicate that the CRCCP was effective at increasing CRC screening rates among the most vulnerable.
Oral Zinc Supplementation Decreases the Risk of HCC Development in Patients With HCV Eradicated by DAA
Authors: Hosui Atsushi , Tanimoto Takashi , Okahara Toru , Ashida Munehiro , Ohnishi Kohsaku , Wakahara Yuhei , Kusumoto Yukihiro , Yamaguchi Toshio , Sueyoshi Yuka , Hirao Motohiro , Yamada Takuya , Hiramatsu Naoki
Published: August 2021

We have reported that the plasma zinc concentration gradually decreases with the progression of fibrosis and is related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the zinc concentration on HCC development (study 1) and the relationship between zinc intake and HCC development (study 2) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradicated by direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). A total of 599 sustained virological response (SVR) patients treated with DAAs without a history of HCC were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Eighty patients received supplemental zinc (Zn treatment group), and 519 patients did not receive zinc (no Zn treatment group). In study 1, the cumulative incidence rate of HCC was compared between the Zn treatment group and the no Zn treatment group. In study 2, the risk factors for HCC development were examined in the no Zn treatment group. In study 1, in the Zn treatment group, HCC did not develop during follow‐up, and the cumulative risk of HCC was significantly lower in the Zn treatment group than in the no Zn treatment group (P = 0.048). In study 2, the 1‐year and 3‐year cumulative incidence rates of HCC were 1.8% and 5.6%, respectively. The risk factors for HCC identified by multivariate analysis were male sex, cirrhosis, low platelet count before treatment, and low serum zinc concentration 12 weeks after the end of DAA therapy. Conclusion: The Zn concentration is related to HCC development in patients with HCV eradicated by DAA therapy. Oral zinc supplementation is recommended as a means of suppressing HCC development in patients who have achieved SVR.
A hybrid framework for brain tissue segmentation in magnetic resonance images
Authors: Li Chao , Sun Jun , Liu Li , Palade Vasile
Published: August 2021

Having a robust image segmentation strategy is very important in magnetic resonance image (MRI) processing for an effective and early disease detection and diagnosis. Since MRI can present tissues of interest in both morphological and functional images, various segmentation techniques have been employed for this. The algorithms based on Markov random field (MRF) have shown strong abilities in dealing with noisy image segmentation compared to other methods. In this article, inspired by the random drift particle swarm optimization (RDPSO) algorithm, we propose a novel hybrid framework based on a combination of the RDPSO with the hidden MRF model and the expectation–maximization algorithm (HMRF‐EM), to be used for MRI segmentation in real‐time environments. The proposed hybrid framework is compared with the standalone HMRF‐EM method, two other MRF‐based stochastic relaxation algorithms, and two widely used brain tissue segmentation toolboxes on both simulated and real MRI datasets. The experimental results prove that the proposed hybrid framework can obtain better segmentation results than most of its competitors and has faster convergence speed than the compared stochastic optimization algorithms.
Economic impact of the most drastic lockdown during COVID‐19 pandemic—The experience of Hubei, China
Authors: Ke Xiao , Hsiao Cheng
Published: August 2021

This paper uses a panel data approach to assess the evolution of economic consequences of the drastic lockdown policy in the epicenter of COVID‐19—the Hubei Province of China during worldwide curbs on economic activity. We find that the drastic 76‐day COVID‐19 lockdown policy brought huge negative impacts on Hubei's economy. In 2020:q1, the lockdown quarter, the treatment effect on GDP was about 37% of the counterfactual. However, the drastic lockdown also brought the spread of COVID‐19 under control in little more than two months. After the government lifted the lockdown in early April, the economy quickly recovered with the exception of passenger transportation sector which rebounded not as quickly as the rest of the general economy.
Associations between MMPI‐3 scale scores and the DSM‐5 personality disorders
Authors: Brown Tiffany A. , Sellbom Martin
Published: August 2021

Objective

The current study examined associations between Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐3 (MMPI‐3) scales and self‐reported DSM‐5 Section II personality disorder (PD) symptoms. A priori hypotheses were generated for which MMPI‐3 scales would be most highly associated with each PD.

Methods

We used a large sample (n = 489) of university students, who completed the MMPI‐3 and two established self‐report measures of personality disorders.

Results

The results were generally consistent with theoretical expectations and previous research utilizing the MMPI‐2‐RF. Specifically, most hypothesized MMPI‐3 scales exhibited meaningful associations with relevant PD variables, although there were some notable exceptions. The regression models revealed significant predictors for each PD which were generally consistent with expectations and previous research.

Conclusions

Overall, the MMPI‐3 appears well situated to cover a range of DSM‐5 Section II PD‐related psychopathology, and three of the new MMPI‐3 scales appear to have added utility for assessing personality pathology.
Plasma extracellular vesicles released after severe burn injury modulate macrophage phenotype and function
Authors: Willis Micah L , Mahung Cressida , Wallet Shannon M , Barnett Alexandra , Cairns Bruce A , Coleman Leon G , Maile Robert
Published: August 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key regulators of immune function across multiple diseases. Severe burn injury is a devastating trauma with significant immune dysfunction that results in an ∼12% mortality rate due to sepsis-induced organ failure, pneumonia, and other infections. Severe burn causes a biphasic immune response: an early (0–72 h) hyper-inflammatory state, with release of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, such as high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β), followed by an immunosuppressive state (1–2+ wk post injury), associated with increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections. We have reported that early after severe burn injury HMGB1 and IL-1β are enriched in plasma EVs. Here we tested the impact of EVs isolated after burn injury on phenotypic and functional consequences in vivo and in vitro using adoptive transfers of EV. EVs isolated early from mice that underwent a 20% total body surface area burn injury (burn EVs) caused similar hallmark cytokine responses in naïve mice to those seen in burned mice. Burn EVs transferred to RAW264.7 macrophages caused similar functional (i.e., cytokine secretion) and immune gene expression changes seen with their associated phase of post-burn immune dysfunction. Burn EVs isolated early (24 h) induced MCP-1, IL-12p70, and IFNγ, whereas EVs isolated later blunted RAW proinflammatory responses to bacterial endotoxin (LPS). We also describe significantly increased HMGB1 cargo in burn EVs purified days 1 to 7 after injury. Thus, burn EVs cause immune outcomes in naïve mice and macrophages similar to findings after severe burn injury, suggesting EVs promote post-burn immune dysfunction.
Rational Design of Thermoresponsive Microgel Templates with Polydopamine Surface Coating for Microtissue Applications
Authors: Stengelin Elena , Nzigou Mombo Brice , Mondeshki Mihail , Beltramo Guillermo L. , Lange Martin A. , Schmidt Patrick , Frerichs Hajo , Wegner Seraphine V. , Seiffert Sebastian
Published: August 2021

Functional microgels provide a versatile basis for synthetic in vitro platforms as alternatives to animal experiments. The tuning of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of synthetic microgels can be achieved by blending suitable polymers and formulating them such to reflect the heterogenous and complex nature of biological tissues. Based on this premise, this paper introduces the development of volume‐switchable core–shell microgels as 3D templates to enable cell growth for microtissue applications, using a systematic approach to tune the microgel properties based on a deep conceptual and practical understanding. Microscopic microgel design, such as the tailoring of the microgel size and spherical shape, is achieved by droplet‐based microfluidics, while on a nanoscopic scale, a thermoresponsive polymer basis, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), is used to provide the microgel volume switchability. Since PNIPAAm has only limited cell‐growth promoting properties, the cell adhesion on the microgel is further improved by surface modification with polydopamine, which only slightly affects the microgel properties, thereby simplifying the system. To further tune the microgel thermoresponsiveness, different amounts of N‐hydroxyethylacrylamide are incorporated into the PNIPAAm network. In a final step, cell growth on the microgel surface is investigated, both at a single microgel platform and in spheroidal cell structures.
The long‐term corrosion performance and adhesion properties of 7B04 aluminum alloy/anodic film/epoxy primer system in acidic NaCl solution
Authors: Zhang Yangguang , Chen Yueliang , Zhang Yong , Bian Guixue
Published: August 2021

The deterioration process and corrosion protective effect of 7B04 aluminum alloy/anodic film/epoxy primer system in acidic NaCl solution for 3024 h were investigated by optical/electron microscopes, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning Kelvin probe (SKP), and pull‐off adhesion test. The results showed that the protective system of anodic film and epoxy primer can protect aluminum alloy from pitting corrosion after immersion for 2352 h. According to the response characteristics of EIS and SKP, different stages of the failure process could be identified. During the first 100 h of immersion, the water transport in the coating followed Fickian law, and the water diffusion coefficient was 2.03 × 10−11 cm2/s, which demonstrated that the coating has good impermeability. Anodizing and coating treatment improved the open circuit potential and impedance of 7B04 aluminum alloy and made the distribution of Volta potential more uniform. The decreasing rate of wet adhesion strength was first fast and then slow, which was similar to the variation rule of coating resistance. The anodic film enhanced the adhesion between epoxy primer and substrate so that the failure nature of the adhesion test was mainly the cohesive failure of the epoxy primer.
New gap results on n‐dimensional static manifolds
Authors: Freitas Allan
Published: August 2021

In this note, we obtain new classification results for static and V‐static manifolds under pinching conditions of two different kinds. Firstly, we prove a classification result in higher dimensions assuming a condition of nonnegative Ricci curvature. This extends some recently obtained gap results on the traceless Ricci tensor. Furthermore, we employ the construction of an Einstein manifold associated to a static manifold in order to obtain a classification result in higher dimensions under a pinching condition on the boundary area.
Cosets of normal subgroups and powers of conjugacy classes
Authors: Beltrán Antonio , Felipe María José
Published: August 2021

Let G be a finite group and let be the conjugacy class of an element x of G. In this paper, it is proved that if N is a normal subgroup of G such that the coset is the union of K and (the conjugacy class of the inverse of x), then N and the subgroup are solvable. As an application, we prove that if there exists a natural number such that , then is solvable.
Increasing brand awareness: Memory for short audio ads
Authors: Johnson Vinith , Zhu Zhen , Anguera Roger , Bollinger Jacob , Eccles Jonathan , Hardtke David , Breza Maria , Zanto Theodore P.
Published: August 2021

As digital streaming media matures, consumers and publishers have become interested in short duration ads (i.e., <10 s). However, previous research on memory retention for short‐duration ad content utilized video or audio–video experiences where attention is directed toward the ad. Therefore, it is unclear whether this study is relevant to audio‐only content, and it is unknown if similar memory retention may be achieved when attention is not directed toward the ad (i.e., incidental memory). To study the incidental memory of short audio ads, participants were recruited to play a driving game while listening to music with periodic ad breaks (pods). Each pod contained a 2, 4, and 8‐s ad. Results showed each ad duration was able to leave an impression on both recall and recognition memory. Whereas the duration of the ad generally did not affect incidental memory, ads placed first or last in a pod were remembered best. Together, the data indicates that audio ads less than 10‐s are a viable option to raise awareness for brand name, product name and company location. Moreover, these results indicate audio ads may leave an impression even when the listener is engaged in other tasks, such as driving or playing a video game.
Braak's Unfinished Hypothesis: A Clinicopathological Case Report of α‐Synuclein Peripheral Neuropathy Preceding Parkinsonism by 20 Years
Authors: Donlon Eoghan , Lynch Rionagh , Murphy Olwen C. , Farrell Michael , Noel Jaques , Keogan Mary , O'Connell Martin , Lynch Timothy
Published: August 2021

Background

α‐synuclein aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites are the pathological hallmark of Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Autopsy studies suggest that α‐synuclein aggregates appear in localized areas of the central nervous system before spreading in a sequential pattern from the brainstem to the cerebral cortex, known as the Braak hypothesis. Increased prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in PD is recognized, with multiple hypothesized mechanisms including α‐synuclein deposition.

Method

We describe a patient who developed a peripheral sensory neuropathy at age 60, which progressed insidiously over the following decade.

Results

During the patient's eighth decade, the patient developed a fluctuant cognitive disturbance with hallucinations before becoming overtly parkinsonian at age 78 years leading to a diagnosis of DLB. At this point, histology slides from a sural nerve biopsy taken at age 72 were re‐evaluated and immunohistochemistry demonstrated α‐synuclein deposition.

Conclusion

This case provides important in vivo clinical correlation for the Braak hypothesis, extending its scope beyond idiopathic PD. A growing body of evidence supports the α‐synuclein spreading hypothesis that posits the pathologic process begins in the peripheral nerves and spreads trans‐synaptically to the CNS in an ascending pattern.
A novel de novo HDAC8 missense mutation causing Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Authors: Mio Catia , Passon Nadia , Fogolari Federico , Cesario Claudia , Novelli Antonio , Pittini Carla , Damante Giuseppe
Published: August 2021

Background

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare and clinically variable syndrome characterized by growth impairment, multi‐organ anomalies, and a typical set of facial dysmorphisms. Here we describe a 2‐year‐old female child harboring a novel de novo missense variant in HDAC8, whose phenotypical score, according to the recent consensus on CdLS clinical diagnostic criteria, allowed the diagnosis of a non‐classic CdLS.

Methods

Clinical exome sequencing was performed on the trio, identifying a de novo heterozygous variant in HDAC8 (NM_018486; c. 356C>G p.Thr119Arg). Molecular modeling was performed to evaluate putative functional consequence of the HDAC8 protein.

Results

The variant HDAC8 c.356C>G is classified as pathogenic following the ACMG (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics)/AMP (Association for Molecular Pathology) guidelines. By molecular modeling, we confirmed the deleterious effect of this variant, since the amino acid change compromises the conformational flexibility of the HDAC8 loop required for optimal catalytic function.

Conclusion

We described a novel Thr119Arg mutation in HDAC8 in a patient displaying the major phenotypic traits of the CdLS. Our results suggest that a modest change outside an active site is capable of triggering global structural changes that propagate through the protein scaffold to the catalytic site, creating de facto haploinsufficiency.