bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Espaços Nem-nem - Nem Públicos Nem Privados, em Edifícios de Habitação Social de Grande Porte
Authors: Silva Teresa Madeira da
Published: August 2019

A partir do estudo de dois conjuntos de habitação social construídos em Marvila (Lisboa), conhecidos por Zona J e Pantera Cor-de-Rosa, propomos investigar o modo como se organizam e são utilizados os espaços de circulação e acessos em edifícios de grande porte organizados em galeria. Além dos espaços públicos e privados verificámos a existência de espaços semipúblicos, aqui designados de nem-nem, nem públicos nem privados, que correspondem aos espaços de circulação, no interior dos edifícios partilhados por vários lotes : corredores, galerias, halls, passadiços (circulações horizontais), ou escadas, rampas e elevadores (circulações verticais), cuja apropriação é pouco clara. O modo como esses espaços se organizam traz consequências positivas e negativas para os seus habitantes. Por um lado, é propício ao estabelecimento de relações de pertença pela apropriação por parte dos seus moradores, por outro, é motivo e área de conflito entre moradores de diferentes lotes, tornando a gestão difícil pela deficiente definição dos limites entre público e privado.
Necessidade, oportunidade e ilegalidade em habitação – alojamento local e tendências contemporâneas
Authors: Calor Inês , Magarotto Mateus
Published: August 2019

O arrendamento de curta duração de habitação está num processo rápido de mudança para um novo paradigma setorial onde as plataformas online (como o Airbnb) têm um papel preponderante. A imposição de restrições à atividade faz parte da agenda social e política da maioria dos países europeus. Contudo, conforme demonstram as primeiras tentativas, regulamentar não é suficiente, visto os promotores ignorarem muitas vezes as regras impostas. A monitorização e a fiscalização acarretam grandes dificuldades para a administração pública. Este artigo foca-se nas regras desenhadas para o alojamento local e no alcance das medidas implementadas em Portugal. Traça um esboço da ilegalidade urbanística nesta área na era da economia partilhada, abordando as estratégias de regulação e os resultados alcançados. A conclusão aponta para o facto de a verificação do cumprimento das obrigações legais de registo ou fiscais ser uma questão de justiça e responsabilidade social.
O papel do crowdfunding na dinamização do setor imobiliário
Authors: Matias Miguel Neves
Published: August 2019

A regulamentação recente do crowdfunding em Portugal vem chamar a atenção para o contributo efetivo que este instrumento pode representar para o desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade do setor imobiliário. O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir as virtualidades do crowdfunding no financiamento de projetos imobiliários, num contexto em que o setor imobiliário perdeu dimensão nos últimos anos, com todas as externalidades negativas que daí advieram, a par com um sistema bancário que tem vindo a reduzir a sua exposição a este setor.São analisadas as várias fontes de financiamento do setor imobiliário, alternativas ao crédito bancário tradicional, sendo focada a atenção no crowdfunding. Partindo da análise apresentada, são apresentadas, em detalhe, as várias modalidades de crowdfunding existentes, o seu modo de funcionamento e as implicações práticas para a industria imobiliária, evidenciando os seus pontos fortes e as suas debilidades.Conclui-se que o crowdfunding proporciona investimentos mais transparentes, acessíveis, éticos, inclusivos e menos especulativos, mas, dado o seu histórico ainda reduzido, levantam-se várias interrogações acerca do que poderá vir a ser o seu verdadeiro posicionamento e relevância no financiamento imobiliário.
Promoção de Estilos de Vida Saudáveis: Uma Distinção Social?
Authors: Saraiva Pedro
Published: August 2019

Nas sociedades capitalistas actuais, os estilos de vida saudável, assim como a ideia de “corpo ideal”, como sinal desses estilos, são promovidos através de elaboradas estratégias de marketing. Até que ponto se pode falar em distinção social entre classes na promoção destes estilos de vida ? Numa breve reflexão, baseada em literatura científica existente nesta área, discute-se a questão da distinção social na promoção de estilos de vida saudável, com especial enfoque na frequência de ginásios.Num primeiro momento o debate teórico incide sobre as “sociedades de consumo” e a promoção de estilos de vida saudável. Num segundo momento, apresentam-se e discutem-se estudos empíricos que mostram como a distinção social neste âmbito é uma realidade e outros que apontam para a massificação dos produtos e serviços associados aos estilos de vida saudável chegando hoje a um grande número de consumidores com recursos culturais ou económicos variáveis.Conclui-se que a resposta à questão inicial não é unívoca, mas que são notórios os esforços do Capitalismo para que a busca por um corpo perfeito e um estilo de vida saudável se difunda por todas as classes sociais.
Um lugar em produção: o caso da Cova da Moura
Authors: Jorge Sílvia , Carolino Júlia
Published: August 2019

Resultantes da ocupação e construção sem licença em terrenos públicos e/ou privados, os bairros autoproduzidos, não reconhecidos legalmente pelo poder público, tendem a ser reduzidos às suas falhas e carências, espelhadas nas designações que lhes são geralmente atribuídas, como “bairros de barracas” ou “bairros precários”. Por sua vez, este sentido negativo e pejorativo acaba por influenciar ou determinar a forma como técnicos e decisores políticos leem estes territórios, tendendo-se a preconizar a demolição do tecido urbano existente, distante dos parâmetros e da imagem de cidade hegemónicos. Tomando como caso de estudo o bairro da Cova da Moura, na Amadora, convocamos os conceitos de “lugar” e de “direito ao lugar” para explorar diferentes leituras e perceções sobre este território, cruzando duas perspetivas – uma mais antropológica e outra sócio-urbanística –, num diálogo entre as dinâmicas e aspirações locais e as políticas e instrumentos de intervenção propostos ao longo do tempo. Face à existência de uma realidade local plural e negociada, propõe-se um novo olhar sociopolítico sobre a mesma, inscrito na luta pelo direito ao lugar aqui em destaque.
The Use of Sustainable Business Model Archetypes in the Design of Circular Business Models in the Digital Economy
Authors: Jabłoński Marek
Published: August 2019

Archetypes of sustainable business models can be used to the elaboration of archetypes of business models that combine the assumptions of sharing economy and circular economy as part of their categorization. The chapter presents the assumptions of conceptualization and operationalization of potential model solutions in the field of using archetypes of sustainable business models in the design of circular business models in digital economy. The chapter has an epistemological character described in ontological, epistemological, and methodological categories, but also with the use of an axiological sense. The aim of the chapter is to develop and indicate the principles of designing business models based on the concepts of sharing economy and circular economy using archetypes of sustainable business models in range of digital environment of business.
Robustness in the Business Models of the Organizations Embedded in the Circular Economy
Authors: Jabłoński Adam
Published: August 2019

The dynamics of ongoing market changes require a new look at business management mechanisms. Often the key element of the organization's operation is to ensure business continuity, which is not easy. This requires strong embeddedness in the decision-making processes resulting from the properly built business model of the organization. A business model becomes a crucial determinant of the organizational success today. The aim of the chapter is to present the place and role of robustness in shaping the business models of organizations embedded in the circular economy. The scope of the chapter includes studies of listed companies that implement the principles of responsible business to ensure their robustness in the short and long term. In the chapter, the author poses a research question: Can the skillful use of the concept of business model robustness in circular economy companies guarantee the organization's ability to ensure business continuity and its high performance?
Redesigning Business Models With Circular Economy
Authors: Ceruti Francesca , Gavinelli Laura , Di Gregorio Angelo , Frey Marco
Published: August 2019

In the last decades, circular economy has become a key in the academic and managerial studies. While there are plenty of contributions on circular economy like environmental strategy, a less developed line of studies is that analyzing circular economy as a new way of doing business. In this context, Italy has initiated the necessary reforms for the transition to the circular economy in 1997, but it is only in 2017 that it has adopted a work plan on that. The chapter presents the evidence of a CAWI interview investigating if the Italian firms are adopting the principles of circular economy and if this affects their competitiveness and business performance. The research contributes to the understanding of this new paradigm by getting into detail with the motivations that drive Italian enterprise to adopt the principles of circular economy, the actions they are taking to be circular economy-oriented, and the possible relationship between the adoption of the circular economy principles and their business performance.
Word Formation
Authors: Williams Howard A.
Published: August 2019

This chapter presents a basic overview of the formation of words, with special attention to English. It covers the basics of both free and bound morphemes and the manner in which they combine. Productive processes including inflection, derivation, and compounding are examined with regard to their transparency and productivity; less common processes including zero-derivation (conversion) blending, clipping, back-formation are also covered, as are borrowing and coinage. Readers will be provided with guided practice in the analysis of English words into their constituent parts and in the principles of formation.
Lexical Semantics
Authors: Stringer David
Published: August 2019

Lexical semantics is concerned with inherent aspects of word meaning and the semantic relations between words, as well as the ways in which word meaning is related to syntactic structure. This chapter provides an introduction to some of the main themes in lexical semantic research, including the nature of the mental lexicon, lexical relations, and the decomposition of words into grammatically relevant semantic features. The mapping between the semantics of verbs and their associated syntax is discussed in terms of thematic roles, semantic structure theory, and feature selection. A review of some of the most influential findings in second language research involving both open-class and closed-class lexical items reveals important implications for classroom pedagogy and syllabus design in the domain of vocabulary instruction.
Supporting English Learners' Development of Intelligible Speech
Authors: Murphy Solange Lopes , Hall Timothy M. , Vanderbilt Angelica Lina
Published: August 2019

In this chapter, the authors discuss how ESL and general education teachers can judiciously infuse intelligibility-based pronunciation teaching into content-based classrooms. First, within a broad understanding of second language development, they identify various sources of English Language Learners' pronunciation problems, and a rationale for why pronunciation teaching should aim for intelligibility rather than for nativeness. They then present the major pronunciation challenges of the five largest language groups in American schools and offer intelligibility-focused teaching practices to stimulate discussion and evolve teacher practice in harmony with the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). The chapter closes with exercises to further explore implementation of pronunciation teaching practices for ELs' language and academic development.
Financial Distress Overview, Determinants, and Sustainable Remedial Measures
Authors: Ikpesu Fredrick , Vincent Olusegun , Dakare Olamitunji
Published: August 2019

The failure of top firms in the world who once represented the icon of their industries has renewed the interest of research scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and academics on the subject matter of financial distress. A firm is financially distressed when the operating cash flow is not sufficient for meeting the current obligation of the firm. It also involves a situation where the firm constantly experiences loss, breach loan contract, and find it difficult in honouring organisational commitment. This chapter is set out to synthesize the recent development in the topics of financial distress and corporate recovery. This chapter primarily focuses on financial distress, its determinants, and the way forward on how firms can recover from financial distress. The chapter also discussed the financial distress theories as well as sustainable remedial measures of financial distress. Finally, the chapter provides the concluding remarks and policy implications.
Ethics and CSR Practices for Enduring Corporate Governance Culture
Authors: Vincent Olusegun , Ikpesu Fredrick , Dakare Olamitunji
Published: August 2019

The studies in corporate governance have explained different motives responsible for adoption of corporate governance. This chapter provides answers to why business should be morally responsible and practice CSR. The authors shed light on crucial areas of corporate responsibilities of business and various theoretical justification advanced in previous studies in CSR. They look at the relationship between CSR and corporate governance – their crucial points of divergence and convergence. They also look at ethics and responsibilities for unethical behaviours and ethical theories with their limitations. Finally, they evaluate CSR and ethics from African perspective – how CSR in Africa is framed from by sociocultural influences, like communalism, ethnic-religious beliefs, and charitable tradition (ubuntu philosophy).
System Dynamics Modelling for Policy Design
Authors: Eren Şenaras Arzu , Sezen Hayrettin Kemal
Published: August 2019

The system dynamics model was developed in the Vensim software. The model was developed based on the Yamaguchi study. The construct and behavioral validity of the model were addressed. Construct validity means that the correlations that construct the model, that is, the “rationale” of the model, are consistent with the correlations in the real system. There were five sub-models in the model. These were manufacturers and consumers sub-model, banks sub-model, central bank sub-model, balance of payments sub-model, exchange rate market sub-model. Five sub models included in the model developed with the VENSIM software are included in the appendices.
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Sundaramurthy Anupama Hoskoppa , Raviprakash Nitya , Devarla Divija , Rathis Asmitha
Published: August 2019

This chapter proposes a cost-effective and scalable approach to obtain information on the current living standards and development in rural areas across India. The model utilizes a CNN to analyze satellite images of an area and predict its land type and level of development. A decision tree classifies a region as rural or urban based on the analysis. A summary describing the area is generated from inferences made on the recorded statistics. The CNN is able to predict the land and development distribution with an accuracy of 95.1%. The decision tree predicts rural areas with a precision of 99.6% and recall of 88.9%. The statistics obtained for a dataset of more than 1000 villages in India are cross-validated against the Census of India 2011 data. The proposed technique is in contrast to traditional door-to-door surveying methods as the information retrieved is relevant and obtained without human intervention. Hence, it can aid efforts in tracking poverty at a finer level and provide insight on improving the economic livelihood in rural areas.
Blockchain as a Disruptive Technology
Authors: Behara Gopala Krishna , Khandrika Tirumala
Published: August 2019

Blockchain is a digital, distributed, and decentralized network to store information in a tamper-proof way with an automated way to enforce trust among different participants. An open distributed ledger can record all transactions between different parties efficiently in a verifiable and permanent way. It captures and builds consensus among participants in the network. Each block is uniquely connected to the previous blocks via a digital signature which means that making a change to a record without disturbing the previous records in the chain is not possible, thus rendering the information tamper-proof. Blockchain holds the potential to disrupt any form of transaction that requires information to be trusted. This means that all intermediaries of trust, as they exist today, exposed to disruption in some form with the initiation of Blockchain technology. Blockchain works by validating transactions through a distributed network in order to create a permanent, verified, and unalterable ledger of information.
Automated Grading of Tomatoes Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Mushiri Tawanda , Tende Liberty
Published: August 2019

The rate of production of horticultural produce had been seen increasing from the past century owing to the increase of population. Manual sorting and grading of tomatoes had become a challenge in market places and fruit processing firms since the demand of the fruit had increased. Considering grading of tomatoes, color is of major importance when it comes to the maturity of the tomatoes. Hence, there is a need to accurately classify them according to color. This process is very complicated, tiresome, and laborious when it is done manually by a human being. Apart from being labor-demanding, human sorting, and grading results in inaccuracy in classifying of tomatoes which is a loss to both the farmer and customer. This chapter had been prepared focusing on the automatic and effective tomato fruit grading system using artificial intelligence particularly using artificial neural network in Matlab. The system makes use of the image processing toolbox and the ANN toolbox to process and classify the tomatoes images according to color and size.
Blockchain and Its Integration as a Disruptive Technology
Authors: Senthilkumar Dhanalakshmi
Published: August 2019

Blockchain is the process of development in bitcoin. It's a digitized, decentralized, distributed ledger of cryptocurrency transactions. The central authorities secure that transaction with other users to validate transactions and record data, data is encrypted and immutable format with secured manner. The cryptography systems make use for securing the process of recording transactions in private and public key pair with ensuring secrecy and authenticity. Ensuring bitcoin transaction, to be processed in network, and ensuring transaction used for elliptic curve digital signature algorithm, all transactions are valid and in chronological order. The blockchain systems potential to transform financial and model of governance. In Blockchain, databases hold their information in an encrypted state, that only the private keys must be kept, so these AI algorithms are expected to increasingly be used, whether financial transactions are fraudulent, and should be blocked or investigated.
Old Company's New Leaders
Authors: Gibbons Mark A. , Karmowska Joanna
Published: August 2019

Recent advancements in technology have enabled relatively young organisations to grow at a speed, and to a scale, that enables them to reach a comparable level of employer brand equity and make them as attractive to work for as much more established firms. As a result, traditional luxury organisations compete against younger, non-luxury companies for talent that might have been considered easier to attract previously. The presented study explores differences between the meaning of an attractive employment proposition for leaders from two generations of Baby Boomers and Millennial and brings forwards recommendations for attracting and sustaining leadership talent in the luxury retail sector. The study builds on the existing literature about the impact of generational differences on management practices, within the specific industry context. The results highlight misalignment in perceptions between older generation of current leaders (Baby Boomers) and younger generation of future leaders (Millennials) in the sector.
Generational Differences in the Workplace?
Authors: Eberz Franziska
Published: August 2019

The existing literature on generational differences in work attitudes has so far relied strongly on generational stereotypes and provided mixed empirical results. Instead of studying individual differences, the chapter takes a human resource management (HRM) approach and explores generational differences that managers have experienced in three European countries. In addition, this chapter examines the HRM practices the organizations have implemented as a response to potential generational differences. Findings show that, especially when it comes to work-life balance, motivation, careers, and preferred leader qualities, generational differences are apparent. However, teamwork attitudes do not seem to be influenced by generational effects. The results suggest that among other impact factors, especially the national context and life stage may cause differing preferences in work attitudes. Furthermore, it seems that many companies have already started to take measures to adapt to the varying needs of a multigenerational workforce; however, they still lack a comprehensive approach.
The Effects of Family Communication Patterns on Family Satisfaction in Family Business
Authors: Çini Mehmet Akif
Published: August 2019

The main goal of the study is to investigate the effects family communication patterns (the orientation of communication and conformity) of family member employees that work in family businesses have on family satisfaction. The population of the study was determined as the employees of 260 family businesses with head offices in the Konya province of Turkey, which operate for at least 25 years, and which have annual returns of over 5,000,000 Turkish Liras (TL). The data were analyzed with structural equation model (SEM) by using AMOS 24. The research results show there is a relationship between family communication patterns (communication and conformity orientation) and family satisfaction.
Handling Variation in Work Ethics and Values Across Generations in Nigeria
Authors: Amah Okechukwu Ethelbert
Published: August 2019

The chapter attempts to identify the generational cohorts operating in organizations in Nigeria and their unique work ethics through the use of empirical study to confirm the identified unique generational work ethics. This empirical study using samples from Nigeria established that there are generational differences in work ethics, but only in the means of carrying out work. The generational cohorts agree on the end of all work assignment. The chapter argued that differences in means to work, if effectively managed, will lead to innovations which would produce future wealth. After reviewing various leadership styles, the chapter concluded that servant leadership is superior to others based on empirical results which show its superiority. The chapter recommended that organizations must use servant leadership characteristics as the criteria for recruiting and promoting leaders in multi-generational workforce. The characteristics of servant leaders can be learned since they are not hereditary.
Promoting Constructive Deviance as an Antidote to Organizational Stress
Authors: Garg Naval , Saxena Anubhuti
Published: August 2019

Constructive deviance has grabbed the attention of many firms as a more valuable research area. The potential for research in this area is huge as more researchers are actively contributing towards this topic. In this chapter, the authors aim to explore the impact of occupational stress on constructive deviant behavior among sales professionals by employing the general strain theory. Prior research has indicated sales profession to be highly stressful. The literature on stress suggests that stress doesn't only lead to negative impact on organizations, but it can be beneficial too. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the sample included 247 sales professionals working in various firms in Delhi NCR. All of the participants were chosen by random sampling method. It has been found that stress has a significant impact on constructive deviant behavior among sales professionals. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
Relationship Between Conflict and Deviant Workplace Behavior in Family Business
Authors: Dede Nurten Polat
Published: August 2019

While family businesses are struggling with all the problems of any other business on one hand, they are also struggling to deal with problems arising from family dynamics on the other hand. The main challenge for the establishment and prevention of conflict, and organizational deviant behavior in these enterprises is the difficulty to separate family and business subsystems that are intertwined with each other without damaging them. This study focuses on organizational deviant behavior arising from probable negative relationship emotions after role ambiguity and conflict of family members in a family business. Furthermore, family effect (altruism) is also defined, which is another aspect affecting deviant behavior. Followed with the general concept of organizational deviations and conflicts and types of conflicts in family business, the last part covers deviation behavior reasons stemming from role conflict, role ambiguity, family altruism, and relationship conflict. The relationship between all these concepts are discussed with a conceptual literature review.
Organizational Parasites
Authors: Turksoy Selcen Seda , Tutuncu Ozkan
Published: August 2019

The efficient work of the employees is important for the adaptation of the business to the rapidly changing environmental conditions. Businesses should identify the factors that affect employee productivity and emerging threats because the efficient level of performance and the measurability of this output lead to rational use of the resources. Employees who do not fulfill their duties and responsibilities in the organization and take a share from the group product may lead to deviations in reaching the targets set by the organization. Justice in the organization, trust, the deterioration in the values may adversely affect the process. The existence of such employees is the indicator of parasitic relations in organizations. In literature, the number of applied studies is limited. The strength of the study is to provide a detailed evaluation and measurement tool in the subject of parasitism in organizations. The scale of parasitism was developed with self-directed and community-directed dimensions consisting of 20 statements and was validated by EFA, CFA, and reliability analysis.
The Evolution of Organizational Development Towards a Positive Approach
Authors: Ertosun Öznur Gülen
Published: August 2019

Organizations should be able to cope with uncertainty and also adapt to technological, economic, political, and cultural changes in order to maintain their existence and to provide negative entropy. The main reason for organizational development is to help organizations respond to the new work life conditions. From a classical management approach to today's positive organization approach, numerous studies indicate that organizational development that ensures managers and employees perform their tasks more effectively is not an option; rather, it is a necessity for organizations. Organizational development predominantly provides the necessary atmosphere for conflict management, problem solving, and effective communication. Organizational development provides for anticipation of the organization and effective adaptation. This also makes organizational success possible by increasing the individual development and performance of employees.
Servant Leadership and Work-Related Quality of Life in Organizations
Authors: Küçükoğlu Mübeyyen Tepe , Akca Meltem
Published: August 2019

In today's business environment, employees' wellbeing and innovative work behaviors are popular. For this reason, antecedents of positive outcomes engage the attention of scholars. This study analyzes the relations between servant leadership, trust in leader, and work-related quality of life. It also explores the mediation role of trust in leader in the relationship between servant leadership and work-related quality of life. Findings of the study show that trust in leader has a mediator role in the relationship between servant leadership and work-related quality of life.
Transformational Leadership and Authentic Leadership as Practical Implications of Positive Organizational Psychology
Authors: Yavuz Meltem
Published: August 2019

A large body of evidence suggests that leadership can be learned, and followers may respond to such learned behavior positively. Indeed, motivation, engagement, health, and wellbeing of employees in an organisation depend on the quality of the managers to a great extent. In this context, managers need to be equipped with the skills and behaviors both to engage and to protect the health and wellbeing of their teams. In this chapter, the theoretical backgrounds of transformational leadership and authentic leadership are explained, and these theories are compared and contrasted with each other. It also discusses how these leadership theories might help to enhance positive psychological abilities and positive attitudes of both leaders and their followers, and how these leadership theories contribute to the development of the management-training programs.
Strategic Human Resource Management
Authors: Hamid Zainab , Muzamil Muhammad , Shah Shawkat Ahmad
Published: August 2019

Human resource management has become an integral part of management with the basic aim of maintaining better human relations at work place through the application and evaluation of organizational policies and programs so as to utilize human resources in an optimized and effective manner. In this context, this chapter focuses keenly on the various domains centering around human resource management. Initially a detailed theoretical background regarding this construct has been presented followed by highlighting the components and objectives of strategizing human resource management. Lastly, the models and perspectives pertaining to strategic human resource management have also been discussed considering their application and relevance in modern-day organizations.
Learning Organizations
Authors: Bayraktar Osman
Published: August 2019

The most important factor that protects organizations from solidifying is knowledge. In an organization, knowledge is produced by people and these people learn. However, learning alone is not sufficient for the success of the organization. For a lasting and sustainable process, organizational learning is required. The basic condition for the realization of organizational learning is the existence of an atmosphere that encourages individuals to learn. In the organizations that provide the necessary atmosphere for learning, both the individual's learning capacity increases, and learning as a team takes place in the organization. In this study, first, knowledge, knowledge types, individual learning, organizational learning, levels of learning, and learning organization concepts are covered. Second, different models for realizing the learning organization structure are narrated. Last, some examples from learning organization practices are mentioned.
Constructive Conflict Resolution
Authors: Ertosun Öznur Gülen
Published: August 2019

The effective resolution of inevitable organizational conflicts has an important role in both individual and organizational output. In influencing and decision making, the impact of leaders is much more important than other employees, so leaders in the conflict resolution process play a critical role in organization. Naturally, the decision-making process is influenced by the personality of the leader. However, ineffective conflict resolution styles damage the fundamental values of the organization such as beliefs, trust, and a sense of belonging, all of which will occur in the organization as well as the numeric outputs of the organization. Although the concepts of conflict, personality, and leadership are often dealt with in the literature, there are few studies examining the relationship between a leader's personality traits and conflict resolution. At such an important point, the possible effects of the personality of the leader should be discussed both theoretically and empirically.
Distributed Intelligence Platform to the Edge Computing
Authors: Inbaraj Xalphonse
Published: August 2019

With the explosion of information, devices, and interactions, cloud design on its own cannot handle the flow of data. While the cloud provides us access to compute, storage, and even connectivity that we can access easily and cost-effectively, these centralized resources can create delays and performance issues for devices and information that are far from a centralized public cloud or information center source. Internet of things-connected devices are a transparent use for edge computing architecture. In this chapter, the author discusses the main differences between edge, fog, and cloud computing; pros and cons; and various applications, namely, smart cars and traffic control in transportation scenario, visual and surveillance security, connected vehicle, and smart ID card.
Agribot
Authors: Poluru Ravi Kumar , Reddy M. Praveen Kumar , Kaluri Rajesh , Lakshmanna Kuruva , Reddy G. Thippa
Published: August 2019

This robotic vehicle is a farming machine of significant power and incredible soil clearing limit. This multipurpose system gives a propel technique to sow, furrow, water, and cut the harvests with the least labor and work. The machine will develop the ranch by considering specific line and a section settled at a fixed distance depending on the crop. Moreover, the vehicle can be controlled through voice commands connected via Bluetooth medium using an Android smartphone. The entire procedure computation, handling, checking is planned with engines and sensor interfaced with the microcontroller. The major modules of the vehicle are cultivating, sowing seeds, watering, harvesting the crop. The vehicle will cover the field with the help of the motors fixed which is being controlled with the help of the voice commands given by the user. The main motto of this project is to make the vehicle available and should be operated by everyone even without any technical knowledge.
Geolocation for the Improvement of Spatial and Naturalist Intelligence in Primary Education
Authors: Villalustre Martínez Lourdes , San Pedro-Veledo María Belén , López-Manrique Inés
Published: August 2019

Geolocation provides a new learning model by combining physical and digital content, creating an enriched and interactive universe. This mobile technology offers new opportunities for the promotion of learning inside and outside the classroom, linked to multiple intelligences, in particular, to the spatial and naturalistic intelligences. Taking these premises into account, an analysis of several geolocation applications (N=20) is carried out in order to determine their potential to develop spatial and naturalistic intelligences. To this end, case study methodology is adopted, and an analysis instrument is proposed consisting of 15 indicators grouped into three dimensions: 1) geolocation, 2) spatial intelligence (spatial orientation and spatial representation), and 3) naturalistic intelligence (physical geography and environment). Although the geolocation applications analyzed boost spatial intelligence through the different options they incorporate, the same cannot be said of the naturalist one. It is considered relevant that they include contents oriented to environmental awareness.
Influence of Multimedia and Cognitive Strategies in Deep and Surface Verbal Processing
Authors: Zheng Robert Z.
Published: August 2019

The traditional view of linguistic-verbal intelligences focuses on individual linguistic abilities at the levels of phonology, syntax, and semantics. This chapter discusses the individual linguistic abilities from a text-comprehension perspective. The chapter examines the roles of multimedia and cognitive prompts in deep and surface verbal processing. Drawn from research in working memory, multimedia learning, and deep processing, a theoretical framework is proposed to promote learners' deep and surface learning in reading. Evidence from empirical studies are reviewed to support the underlying theoretical assumptions of the framework. The theoretical and practical significance of the theoretical framework is discussed with suggestions for future research.
Conceptual Foundations of Creating Sustainable Development Strategy of Smart Cities
Authors: Burmatova Olga
Published: August 2019

This chapter is devoted to the study of the role of ecological subsystem in the structure of the sustainable development program of smart city. The author suggests the logic of building the environmental strategy of the city as a long-term landmark of its sustainable development including the environmental mission, vision of the future, goals and priorities, programs and their implementation, target indicators for assessing results, and consequences of realization programs. Certain attention is paid to the city as an object of research with a focus on environmental problems. The characteristics of the factors affecting the development of the ecological situation in the city are shown. A system of criteria and indicators that can be used to assess the impact of the planned environmental activities is proposed.
The Development of the Environmental Impact Assessment Process in Botswana
Authors: Segosebe Eagilwe M.
Published: August 2019

The desire to protect the natural environment and the resources it hosts is at the core of every country's ambition to achieve long-term sustainable development. Yet, the history of development shows that environmental protection always came about as an after the fact activity. Nations around the world, including the industrial countries, most of the time reacted to adverse impacts of the environment rather than acting proactively to prevent undesirable outcomes of development. The 1970s decade is seen as a watermark in the development of legislation aimed at protecting the environment particularly in the developed world. This development and requirement to have projects subjected to environmental impact assessments spread to developing countries like Botswana in the 1980s. Botswana embraced the ideal to protect the environment to achieve sustainable development. Toward this end, the government of Botswana carried out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on major projects voluntarily, even before the passing of the maiden EIA Act of 2005 and its supplement of 2011 and accompanying guidelines in 2012. After this and particularly in the 1990s, Botswana rigorously pursued its position on the international terrain where the country signed and ratified some international conventions and protocols. This chapter concludes by suggesting that the next area of focus for Botswana is on monitoring the outcomes of projects for which EIAs have been conducted.
Reverse Logistics and Solid Waste
Authors: Júnior Hermes de Andrade
Published: August 2019

This chapter promotes a selection of works collected that seek to analyze the need and the evolution of reverse logistics into the context of the National Policy on Solid Waste in Brazil. Nineteen years of intensive discussion have been held until the legal framework for the implementation of Agenda 21 of 1992 on the environmentally sound management of solid waste could be announced. The principle of shared responsibility for the product lifecycle, which reaches manufacturers, importers, distributors and traders, consumers, and holders of public solid waste management services, is the central theme of the law and undoubtedly innovates on the issue, placing Brazil alongside countries such as those of the European Union and Japan. However, a serious problem that distances them is to achieve large population densities with the benefit of municipalization of the process of control of urban waste. The rate of effective management of solid wastes is relatively low at the municipal level compared to the countries mentioned.
Operationalising Sustainability within Smart Cities
Authors: Dowling Conor Mark , Walsh Stephen Diarmuid , Purcell Stephen M , Hynes William M , Rhodes Mary Lee
Published: August 2019

Sustainable decision making for strategic planning requires support frameworks which can analyse and interpret the multiple interactions underpinning complex urban environments. Such frameworks are often based on economic measures, consequently there is a need for a decision support framework designed to aid work towards a more holistic view of sustainable urban planning projects. As an initial step towards this framework, the authors aim to devise sustainable energy indicators designed to be flexible enough to address the vast extent of urban sustainability processes. In addition, we examine how these indicators need be designed to reflect the broad range of data sources that reflect the three pillars of sustainability, namely: environmental; economic; and social elements. The indicators have been developed specifically for the European urban environment and can be used both internally, for identification of “hot spots”, and externally, for sustainability reporting and stakeholder engagement.
The Power of the Paradigm in Scholarship in Higher Education
Authors: Ling Lorraine
Published: August 2019

In this chapter, the six paradigms explored in this book – positivist, neo-positivist, interpretivist, transformative, pragmatic, and supercomplexity – are described and the key elements of each paradigm are discussed. The paradigms are discussed here as they apply not only to research, though this is the usual area of scholarship to which they are applied, but also to the other areas of scholarship as identified by Boyer. Scholarship as discussed is based upon Boyer's definitions of the four scholarships of discovery, application, integration, and teaching, and his subsequent addition of the scholarship of engagement. The key elements of paradigms are ontology, epistemology, axiology, methodology, intent, and outcomes. The paradigm is the focal point here because awareness of the paradigm within which the scholarship is undertaken helps to ensure consistency between elements of the activity and clarifies within the scholar's mind how best to undertake their scholarly activity.
Research Paradigms Underpinning Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Papers
Authors: Fraser Kym , Pechenkina Ekaterina
Published: August 2019

In this second edition of this chapter, the authors re-examine the question of paradigms underpinning contemporary Scholarship of Learning and Teaching (SoTL) research. Focusing on the same journals from the original sample, the authors applied the same methodological tools to the new sample which comprised randomly selected articles published in 2018. The authors identified the paradigm underpinning each article by looking at the stated or implied intent of the article's authors, the drivers of their research (axiology), the nature of the knowledge/understanding developed from their research (epistemology), the literature and methods used, and the outcomes of their work. Using the classification of research paradigms employed in this book, the neo-positivist, inductive mode emerged as the dominant paradigm in both journals, accounting for over half of the papers in both the individual and combined samples. The findings are discussed in terms of their application to future SoTL research.
Nine Elements of the Scholarship of Discovery
Authors: Devlin Marcia
Published: August 2019

In this chapter, the focus is on higher education research or what Boyer has called the scholarship of discovery. The concepts of higher education research and the scholarship of discovery may have similarities or differences – such comparisons are not the subject of this chapter. The chapter outlines nine elements of the scholarship of discovery for consideration as a starting point and offers an example to illustrate one application of these elements drawn from the field of higher education research.
Supercomplexity and Education Research
Authors: Barnett Ronald
Published: August 2019

Supercomplexity is that state of affairs that is characterized by multiple, conflicting, and proliferating accounts of a situation, in which there are no secure categories through which to anchor oneself in the world. Stated thus, understanding supercomplexity is at a fork: it can lead either to relativism or can be coupled to a realism. I opt here for the latter gambit, specifically marrying supercomplexity to (Roy Bhaskar's) critical realism and I do so by placing my reflections in the context of investigations of the university. Grasped as a site of supercomplexity, the university is open not just to multiple interpretations and ideas (ideas of the university now flourishing and conflicting) but to infinite possibilities. This is where the researcher-as-scholar comes into her or his own in discerning and imagining possibilities for the university in the 21st century.
Scholarship and Supercomplexity
Authors: Krause Kerri-Lee
Published: August 2019

In this chapter, links between the constructs of scholarship and supercomplexity in higher education are examined, along with policy implications. Boyer's holistic, joined-up conceptualization of scholarship is recognised as seminal, yet in many cases, application of his work has led to fragmentation of academic work in an already-fractured, supercomplex higher education environment. The scene is set by considering a range of dimensions of the scholarship construct within higher education. Particular emphasis is placed on scholarship as it relates to academic roles and identities. In this section, account is also taken of the challenges encountered by faculty, managers, and policy-makers alike in drawing connections and distinctions between scholarship and research in academic work. Consideration then shifts to implications for higher education policy and policy-makers at the macro – national and international, meso-institutional, and micro-departmental and individual levels.
Visual Literacy and Visual Rhetoric
Authors: Barroso Paulo M.
Published: August 2019

Advertising imposes ways of seeing, thinking, feeling and acting; it leads consumers to act without them noticing; it creates an ideal social imaginary of a “perfect world” or “happy ending” for the daily needs and problems of consumers. Advertising does this by formulating a proposal for a collective and ideal good. Following a theoretical strategy and a critical analysis, it is an approach intended to relate rhetoric, ideology, and literacy of advertising image, exploring the implied ways of the seen and the unseen (i.e. what visual messages say and show). Advertising is a public and massive myth-poetic and logo-poetic device and an increasingly multiform, omnipresent, seductive and visually persuasive. It is important to understand the elements of (explicit or implicit) meaning and the corresponding processes and mechanisms through which the meanings produce effects. This chapter assumes itself as a contribution to a desideratum that may be called visual advertising literacy.