bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Reception of Haavelmo’s Econometric Thought
Authors: Hoover Kevin D.
Published: March 2014

The significance of Haavelmo’s “The Probability Approach in Econometrics” (1944), the foundational document of modern econometrics, has been interpreted in widely different ways. Some regard it as a blueprint for a provocative (but ultimately unsuccessful) program dominated by the need for a priori theoretical identification of econometric models. Others focus more on statistical adequacy than on theoretical identification. They see its deepest insights as unduly neglected. The present article uses bibliometric techniques and a close reading of econometrics articles and textbooks to trace the way in which the economics profession received, interpreted, and transmitted Haavelmo’s ideas. A key irony is that the first group calls for a reform of econometric thinking that goes several steps beyond Haavelmo’s initial vision; the second group argues that essentially what the first group advocates was already in Haavelmo’s “Probability Approach” from the beginning.
THE MENGER–LACHMANN TRAJECTORY ON CAPITAL: A COMMENT ON ENDRES AND HARPER
Authors: Braun Eduard
Published: March 2014

Endres and Harper (2011) maintain that, within the Austrian tradition of capital theory, Carl Menger and Ludwig M. Lachmann form a distinguishable trajectory. Both these authors, they argue, consider capital as a heterogeneous structure of higher-order goods. In this comment, it is demonstrated that the opposite is true. Menger and Lachmann endorsed contrasting views on the nature of capital. Whereas Lachmann indeed adhered to a heterogeneous capital concept, Menger considered capital to be a homogeneous concept employed in economic calculation.
Behavioral addictions: a novel challenge for psychopharmacology
Authors: Marazziti Donatella , Presta Silvio , Baroni Stefano , Silvestri Stefano , Dell'Osso Liliana
Published: March 2014

Although addictive syndromes have been traditionally related to substance-use disorders, during the last few decades a novel addictive group, including the so-called “behavioral or no-drug addictions,” has been recognized and has attracted increasing attention for its relevant social impact. This group includes pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, TV/Internet/social network/videogame addictions, workaholism, sex and relationship addictions, orthorexia, and overtraining syndrome. Substance and behavioral addictions show similar phenomenological features, such as craving, dependence, tolerance, and abstinence, and perhaps they share a common possible pathophysiology. It is, however, controversial whether all or at least some of them should be considered real disorders or just normal, albeit extreme, behaviors. The aim of this article is to review current data on pharmacological treatment of behavioral addictions. As no specific and validated treatment algorithms are currently available, only an improved knowledge on their psychopathological, clinical, and neurobiological features may have relevant implications for more focused preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Managing Social Change and Social Policy in Greater China: Welfare Regimes in Transition?
Authors: Mok Ka Ho , Hudson John
Published: March 2014

Discussion of welfare regimes and welfare state ideal types continues to dominate comparative social policy analysis, but the focus of the debate has expanded considerably since the publication of Esping-Andersen's (1990) groundbreaking The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Shifts in this debate have been prompted by a mixture of theoretical and empirical concerns raised by comparative social policy scholars, but they have also resulted from a more general internationalisation of social policy research agendas within the academy too. In particular, there has been a strong desire to expand the scope of the debate to encompass nations and regions not included in Esping-Andersen's initial study of just eighteen high income OECD states.
Study and analysis of contiguous channel triplexer based on combining method of two filtering circuits using CRLH and RH isolation circuits
Authors: Lee Hanseung , Wu Chung-Tse Michael , Itoh Tatsuo
Published: March 2014

Several types of multiplexers based on isolation circuits have been introduced and investigated. Combining method of two filtering circuits (CMTC) is one way to make multiplexers based on isolation circuits. This method fits well for designing contiguous channel triplexers. A triplexer based on CMTC consists of a conventional transmission line (TL) connected to a diplexer and a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) TL connected to a filter. The triplexer based on CMTC has two significant advantages. One is that it is not necessary to modify the design of a stand-alone filter and diplexer and there is freedom in the choice of filtering circuits. In addition, a designer does not need to perform three-dimensional full-wave optimization, because of a simple and straightforward design concept. In this paper, a triplexer prototype having 1, 1.125, and 1.25 GHz center frequencies, is designed and fabricated. The measured results show good agreement with the simulation results.
Application of vitamin E to antagonize SWCNTs-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma
Authors: Li Jinquan , Li Li , Chen Hanqing , Chang Qing , Liu Xudong , Wu Yang , Wei Chenxi , Li Rui , Kwan Joseph K. C. , Yeung King Lun , Xi Zhuge , Lu Zhisong , Yang Xu
Published: March 2014

The aggravating effects of zero-dimensional, particle-shaped nanomaterials on allergic asthma have been previously investigated, but similar possible effects of one-dimensional shaped nanomaterials have not been reported. More importantly, there are no available means to counteract the adverse nanomaterial effects to allow for their safe use. In this study, an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rat asthma model was established to investigate whether single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) aggravate allergic asthma. The results showed that SWCNTs in rats exacerbated OVA-induced allergic asthma and that this exacerbation was counteracted by concurrent administration vitamin E. A mechanism involving the elimination of reactive oxygen species, downregulation of Th2 responses, reduced Ig production and the relief of allergic asthma symptoms was proposed to explain the antagonistic effects of vitamin E. This work could provide a universal strategy to effectively protect people with allergic asthma from SWCNTs or similar nanomaterial-induced aggravating effects.
Design strategy for photoinduced electron transfer-based small-molecule fluorescent probes of biomacromolecules
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ma Zhao , Du Lupei , Li Minyong
Published: March 2014

This review article summarizes the advances in fluorescent probes on the basis of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism towards diverse biomacromolecule targets, as well as their applications in fluorescent imaging.
5-Sulfo anthranilic acid dithiocarbamate functionalized silver nanoparticles as a colorimetric probe for the simple and selective detection of tricyclazole fungicide in rice samples
Authors: Rohit Jigneshkumar V. , Kailasa Suresh Kumar
Published: March 2014

We report the use of SAADTC–Ag NPs as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of tricyclazole fungicide. The SPR peak of SAADTC–Ag NPs at 400 nm was drastically reduced by the addition of tricyclazole fungicide and yielded a new SPR peak at 550 nm.
Local interactions influence the fibrillation kinetics, structure and dynamics of Aβ(1–40) but leave the general fibril structure unchanged
Authors: Adler Juliane , Scheidt Holger A. , Krüger Martin , Thomas Lars , Huster Daniel
Published: March 2014

Selective point mutations introducing local fields do not alter the overall structure and morphology of Aβ(1–40) fibrils.
pH dependent facile synthesis of di- and trinuclear oxime based Cu(ii) complexes: antiferromagnetic coupling in the dinuclear cores and spin frustration in the triangular core
Authors: Das Lakshmi Kanta , Drew Michael G. B. , Diaz Carmen , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: March 2014

Two antiferromagnetic dinuclear and one spin frustrated trinuclear cores of oxime based Cu(ii) compounds have been synthesized by changing the pH of the reaction mixtures.
Enhancement of intensity in microwave-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for remote analysis of nuclear fuel recycling
Authors: Tampo Motonobu , Miyabe Masabumi , Akaoka Katsuaki , Oba Masaki , Ohba Hironori , Maruyama Yoichiro , Wakaida Ikuo
Published: March 2014

In this study, an enhancement of emission intensity from laser ablation plume was achieved by coupling a pulsed microwave using a simple wire antenna
Efficient synthesis strategies by application of transition metal-catalyzed carbene/nitrene insertions into C–H bonds
Authors: Egger Julian , Carreira Erick M.
Published: March 2014

This Highlight article provides an overview of recent total syntheses that are characterized by high efficiency and enabled through a neat application of transition metal-catalyzed insertions of carbenes and nitrenes into C–H bonds.
Comparison of alternative nucleophiles for Sortase A-mediated bioconjugation and application in neuronal cell labelling
Authors: Baer Samuel , Nigro Julie , Madej Mariusz P. , Nisbet Rebecca M. , Suryadinata Randy , Coia Gregory , Hong Lisa P. T. , Adams Timothy E. , Williams Charlotte C. , Nuttall Stewart D.
Published: March 2014

Sortase A-mediated conjugation reactions were performed with a number of different nucleophiles. A peptide-Im7-labelled conjugate was used to image neuronal cells.
Perfect spin-filter, spin-valve, switching and negative differential resistance in an organic molecular device with graphene leads
Authors: Ni Yun , Yao Kai-lun , Tang Chao-qun , Gao Guo-ying , Fu Hua-hua , Zhu Si-cong
Published: March 2014

A multiple-effect organic molecular device for spintronics is proposed by performing first-principle quantum transport calculations.
Further findings of X-ray absorption near-edge structure in lithium manganese spinel oxide using first-principles calculations
Authors: Okumura Toyoki , Yamaguchi Yoichi , Shikano Masahiro , Kobayashi Hironori
Published: March 2014

DFT calculation reveals that local structural characteristics in lithium manganese spinel oxides such as lithium ion displacement change due to phase transition can be detected from XANES spectra.
A novel amorphous CoSnxOy decorated graphene nanohybrid photocatalyst for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Kong Chao , Min Shixiong , Lu Gongxuan
Published: March 2014

Amorphous cobalt tin composite oxides decorated graphene nanohybrid exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation.
Mechanism of the cysteine sulfenic acid O-sulfenylation of 1,3-cyclohexanedione
Authors: Freeman Fillmore
Published: March 2014

O-Sulfenylation of cyclic 1,3-diketones is reasonable in their reactions with cysteine sulfenic acid.
Manganese-catalyzed intermolecular C–H/C–H coupling of carbonyls and heteroarenes
Authors: Hattori Keika , Ziadi Asraa , Itami Kenichiro , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: March 2014

Manganese-catalyzed intermolecular C–H/C–H coupling of carbonyls and heteroarenes has been developed.
The response of the electronic structure to electronic excitation and double bond torsion in fulvene: a combined QTAIM, stress tensor and MO perspective
Authors: Jenkins Samantha , Blancafort Lluís , Kirk Steven R. , Bearpark Michael J.
Published: March 2014

A new understanding of bond torsion reveals a bond-path doesn't rotate in concert with the nuclei of the rotated group.
Nucleophile-directed selectivity towards linear carbonates in the niobium pentaethoxide-catalysed cycloaddition of CO2 and propylene oxide
Authors: Dutta Barnali , Sofack-Kreutzer Julien , Ghani Amylia A. , D'Elia Valerio , Pelletier Jérémie D. A. , Cokoja Mirza , Kühn Fritz E. , Basset Jean-Marie
Published: March 2014

The reaction between CO2 and propylene oxide in the presence of Nb(EtO)5 and 4-dimethylaminopyridine leads to the formation of an acyclic carbonate through an unprecedented pathway.
A fluorescent probe based on hydroxylnaphthalene 2-cyanoacrylate: fluoride ion detection and its bio-imaging in live cells
Authors: Liu Ruiyuan , Gao Ya , Zhang Qianbing , Yang Xiaodong , Lu Xinwei , Ke Zhiyong , Zhou Wenqiang , Qu Jinqing
Published: March 2014

A novel ratiometric fluorescent probe based on hydroxylnaphthalene 2-cyanoacrylate shows a high selectivity for fluoride ions and can be used for intracellular imaging.
Facile synthesis, sequence-tuned thermoresponsive behaviours and reaction-induced reorganization of water-soluble keto-polymers
Authors: Tang Xianghua , Han Jie , Zhu Zhengguang , Lu Xinhua , Chen Hong , Cai Yuanli
Published: March 2014

Water-soluble keto-polymers: facile synthesis in methanol on irradiation with visible light at 25 °C, sequence-tuned thermoresponsive behaviours and reaction-induced reorganization.
Hierarchical NiFe2O4/Fe2O3 nanotubes derived from metal organic frameworks for superior lithium ion battery anodes
Authors: Huang Gang , Zhang Feifei , Zhang Leilei , Du Xinchuan , Wang Jianwei , Wang Limin
Published: March 2014

The core–shell MOF templated synthesis of porous NiFe2O4@Fe2O3 nanotubes that exhibit a large reversible capacity, excellent cycling stability and superior rate capability as anode materials for Li-ion batteries.
9,9′-Spirobifluorene and 4-phenyl-9,9′-spirobifluorene: pure hydrocarbon small molecules as hosts for efficient green and blue PhOLEDs
Authors: Thiery Sébastien , Tondelier Denis , Declairieux Céline , Seo Gijun , Geffroy Bernard , Jeannin Olivier , Rault-Berthelot Joëlle , Métivier Rémi , Poriel Cyril
Published: March 2014

This work reports the use of 9,9′-spirobifluorene and 4-phenyl-9,9′-spirobifluorene, pure hydrocarbon small molecules, as hosts for efficient green and blue phosphorescent OLEDs.
Speech, Sign, or Multilingualism for Children With Hearing Loss: Quantitative Insights Into Caregivers' Decision Making
Authors: Crowe Kathryn , McLeod Sharynne , McKinnon David H. , Ching Teresa Y. C.
Published: March 2014

Purpose

The authors sought to investigate the influence of a comprehensive range of factors on the decision making of caregivers of children with hearing loss regarding the use of speech, the use of sign, spoken language multilingualism, and spoken language choice. This is a companion article to the qualitative investigation described in Crowe, Fordham, McLeod, and Ching (2014).

Method

Through a questionnaire, 177 caregivers of 157 Australian children with hearing loss (ages 3;5 to 9;4 [years;months],
M
age
= 6;6) rated the importance of a range of potential influences on their decision making regarding their children's communication. The majority of children were reported to use speech (96.6%) as part or all of their communication system, with fewer children reported to use sign (20.9%). Few children used more than one spoken language (8.3%).

Results

Proportional analyses and exploratory factor analyses were conducted. Overall, caregivers' decisions were influenced by their children's audiological and intervention characteristics, communication with those around them, community participation, access to intervention and education services in English, and concerns about their children's future lives. The advice of speech-language pathologists, audiologists, and specialist teachers was more important to caregivers than advice from medical practitioners and nonprofessionals.

Conclusion

Caregivers' decision making regarding communication mode and language use is influenced by factors that are not equally weighted and that relate to child, family, community, and advice from others. Knowledge of these factors can assist professionals in supporting caregivers making choices regarding communication.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170282
Liquid crystal based phased array antenna with improved beam scanning capability
Authors: Karabey O.H. , Mehmood A. , Ayluctarhan M. , Braun H. , Letz M. , Jakoby R.
Published: March 2014

A phased array antenna is presented, including a 1‐by‐4 dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array, liquid crystal (LC) based phase shifters, RF‐feeding and biasing networks. The dielectric resonators are used as waveguide radiating elements. The RF signal coupled between the phase shifters and DRAs are guided and then radiated from the top face of the DRAs. This reduces the effects of the surface waves since the radiation is away from the ground plane. Hence, the gain losses at wide scan angles are reduced, enlarging the antenna's beam scan angle, compared to that of a conventional microstrip patch antenna array. The LC phase shifters are realised in inverted microstrip line topology, with a phase shifter figure‐of‐merit of 70°/dB at 10 GHz. The far‐field power patterns of the antenna were measured in an anechoic chamber for different beam directions. These results confirm that the gain losses are <1.5 for a beam scanning range of ±30° for the broadside.
Dynamic and stochastic routing for multimodal transportation systems
Authors: Demeyer Sofie , Audenaert Pieter , Pickavet Mario , Demeester Piet
Published: March 2014

The authors present a case study of a multimodal routing system that takes into account both dynamic and stochastic travel time information. A multimodal network model is presented that makes it possible to model the travel time information of each transportation mode differently. This travel time information can either be static or dynamic, or either deterministic or stochastic. Next, a Dijkstra‐based routing algorithm is presented that deals with this variety of travel time information in a uniform way. This research focuses on a practical implementation of the system, which means that a number of assumptions were made, like the modelling of the stochastic distributions, comparing these distributions, and so on. A tradeoff had to be made between the performance of the system and the accuracy of the results. Experiments have shown that the proposed system produces realistic routes in a short amount of time. It is demonstrated that routing dynamically indeed results in a travel time gain in comparison to routing statically. By making use of the additional stochastic travel time information even better (i.e. faster), more reliable routes can be calculated. Moreover, it is shown that routing in the multimodal network may have its advantages over routing in a unimodal network, especially during rush hours.
Cooperative vehicle collision warning system using the vector‐based approach with dedicated short range communication data transmission
Authors: Huang Chung‐Ming , Lin Shih‐Yang
Published: March 2014

There are three challenges that have to be overcome in order to enhance the accuracy of the cooperative collision warning (CCW) system. First, a vehicle does not always keep the same velocity. Second, the curve road condition should be considered. Third, position interruption caused by Global Positioning System positioning delay has to be tackled. In this study, the authors proposed a vector‐based CCW system named VCCW to deal with these three challenges. The simulation results show that the proposed VCCW system has high accuracy's warning rates in both intersection and curve situations. The authors have also implemented the VCCW and tested the system on real roads. Through the VCCW system experiment on real roads, it shows that the VCCW system can alert drivers before collision.
Extraction of Fronto-orbital Shower Hook through Transcranial Orbitotomy
Authors: Elia Maxwell D. , Gunel Murat , Servat Juan J. , Levin Flora
Published: March 2014

Transorbital foreign bodies threaten both the integrity of the globe and the brain. We present an unusual case of a penetrating right frontal lobe-orbital metallic shower hook. Extensive intracranial involvement necessitated transcranial orbitotomy allowing for the removal of the object without loss of the globe.
Ultraviolet pulsed laser irradiation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in nitrogen atmosphere
Authors: Pérez del Pino Ángel , György Enikö , Cabana Laura , Ballesteros Belén , Tobias Gerard
Published: March 2014

Laser irradiation of randomly oriented multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) networks has been carried out using a pulsed Nd:YAG UV laser in nitrogen gas environment. The evolution of the MWCNT morphology and structure as a function of laser fluence and number of accumulated laser pulses has been studied using electron microscopies and Raman spectroscopy. The observed changes are discussed and correlated with thermal simulations. The obtained results indicate that laser irradiation induces very fast, high temperature thermal cycles in MWCNTs which produce the formation of different nanocarbon forms, such as nanodiamonds. Premelting processes have been observed in localized sites by irradiation at low number of laser pulses and low fluence values. The accumulation of laser pulses and the increase in the fluence cause the full melting and amorphization of MWCNTs. The observed structural changes differ from that of conventional high temperature annealing treatments of MWCNTs.
Low-temperature magnetism in the honeycomb systems SrLn2O4 (Review Article)
Authors: Petrenko O. A.
Published: March 2014

Recent progress in the understanding of the complex magnetic properties of the family of rare-earth strontium oxides, SrLn2O4, is reviewed. These compounds consisting of hexagons and triangles are affected by geometrical frustration and therefore exhibit its characteristic features, such as a significant reduction of magnetic ordering temperatures and complex phase diagrams in an applied field. Some of the observed features appear to be rather remarkable even in the context of the unusual behavior associated with geometrically frustrated magnetic systems. Of particular interest is the coexistence at the lowest temperature of different magnetic structures (exhibiting either long or short-range order) characterized by different propagation vectors in materials without significant chemical or structural disorder.
Antiferromagnetism and its origin in iron-based superconductors (Review Article)
Authors: Ding Ming-Cui , Lin Hai-Qing , Zhang Yu-Zhong
Published: March 2014

In iron-based superconductors, unravelling the origin of the antiferromagnetism is a crucial step towards understanding the high-Tc superconductivity as it is widely believed that the magnetic fluctuations play important roles in the formation of the Cooper pairs. Therefore, in this paper, we will briefly review experimental results related to the antiferromagnetic state in iron-based superconductors and focus on a review of the theoretical investigations which show applicability of the itinerant scenario to the observed antiferromagnetism and corresponding phase transitions in various families of the iron-based superconductors. A proposal of coupling between frustrated and unfrustrated bands for understanding the reduced magnetic moment typically observed in iron pnictides is also reviewed. While all the above theoretical investigations do not rule out a possible existence of localized electrons in iron-based superconductors, these results strongly indicate a close relation between itinerant electrons and the magnetically ordered state and point out the importance of taking into account the orbital degrees of freedom.
Spin-lattice effects in selected antiferromagnetic materials (Review Article)
Authors: Zherlitsyn S. , Yasin S. , Wosnitza J. , Zvyagin A. A. , Andreev A. V. , Tsurkan V.
Published: March 2014

Spin-lattice effects play an important role in many magnetic materials. In this short review, we give some examples of such effects studied in low-dimensional, frustrated as well as uranium-based antiferromagnets. Utilizing ultrasound measurements at low temperatures and high magnetic fields provides valuable information on the spin-strain interactions. Specifically phase transformations and critical phenomena in magnetic systems with strong spin-lattice interactions are fruitful grounds for sound-velocity and sound-attenuation measurements.
Magnetic field-induced phase transitions in the antiferromagnet Nd0.6Dy0.4Fe3(BO3)4
Authors: Zvyagina G. A. , Zhekov K. R. , Bilych I. V. , Zvyagin A. A. , Bludov A. N. , Pashchenko V. A. , Gudim I. A.
Published: March 2014

Low-temperature studies of elastic and magnetic characteristics of the single crystal Nd0.6Dy0.4Fe3(BO3)4 have been performed. A transition to the antiferromagnetically ordered state of the magnetic subsystem has been manifested in the temperature behavior of the velocity and attenuation of acoustic modes and magnetization. Spin-reorientation phase transitions, which reveal themselves as anomalies in the behavior of elastic and magnetic characteristics of the crystal in the external magnetic field applied along the axis of the trigonal symmetry of the crystal have been discovered. The phase H–T diagram for H ‖ C3 has been constructed.
Raman scattering under structural and magnetic phase transitions in terbium ferroborate
Authors: Peschanskii A. V. , Yeremenko A. V. , Fomin V. I. , Bezmaternykh L. N. , Gudim I. A.
Published: March 2014

The Raman scattering spectrum of single crystal TbFe3(BO3)4 was studied in the frequency range 3–500 cm−1 at temperatures from 2 to 300 K. It was found that in high- and low-temperature phases there exist additional phonon lines which were not known before. In the high-temperature phase, these lines originate from LO–TO splitting of polar phonons. Appearance of the additional lines in the low temperature phase is due to both a reduction of the crystal symmetry under the phase transition and an increase of the primitive cell volume. It was established that the frequencies of some phonon lines in the magneto-ordered phase are shifted towards the high-energy region upon applying an external magnetic field along the third-order axis. The spectrum of two-magnon Raman scattering was investigated. It was shown that at low temperatures the two-magnon band has a complex shape that reflects specific features in the density of state of the magnon branches. The magnon energy at the Brillouin zone boundary was determined.
Observation of a new type of magnetic excitations in NdFe3(BO3)4 ferroborate
Authors: Kobets M. , Dergachev K. , Kovalev A. , Gnatchenko S. , Khatsko E.
Published: March 2014

AFMR spectra of single crystal NdFe3(BO3)4 are studied over frequencies of 15–32.2 GHz and temperatures of 2.17–10 K in fields H < Hsf. The presence of an incommensurate magnetic structure in these parameter ranges is found to lead to significant changes in the resonance properties of the system. The frequencies of the ordinary resonance remain finite up to the spin-flop transition field Hsf and an additional branch of excitations with unusual hysteresis properties appears. The frequency-field and frequency-temperature dependences for this branch are determined within the above ranges of these parameters.
Unidirectional anisotropy in planar arrays of iron nanowires: A ferromagnetic resonance study
Authors: Polishchuk D. M. , Tovstolytkin A. I. , Arora S. K. , O'Dowd B. J. , Shvets I. V.
Published: March 2014

Ferromagnetic resonance in planar arrays of iron nanowires (NW) covered with a layer of MgO is studied as a function of aging time. Planar arrays of iron NW are grown on stepped vicinal surfaces of oxidized Si (111) substrates by low-angle molecular beam epitaxy. The ferromagnetic resonance measurements reveal a perpendicular unidirectional anisotropy in this system which becomes more pronounced with aging of the samples. These effects are found to be caused by oxidation of the iron and the formation of antiferromagnetic regions in the vicinity of the Fe/MgO interface.
Monitoring plasma treatment of thin films by surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Laha Ranjit , Manivannan A. , Kasiviswanathan S.
Published: March 2014

We report the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements during plasma treatment of thin films by an indigenously designed setup. From the measurements on Al (6.3 nm)/Ag (38 nm) bi-layer at a pressure of 0.02 mbar, the SPR position was found to be shifted by ∼20° after a plasma treatment of ∼7 h. The formation of oxide layers during plasma oxidation was confirmed by glancing angle x-ray diffraction (GXRD) measurements. Combined analysis of GXRD and SPR data confirmed that while top Al layer enables controlling plasma oxidation of Ag, the setup enables monitoring the same. The setup designed is a first of its kind for in situ SPR studies where creation of low pressure is a prerequisite.
Driven colloidal suspensions in confinement and density functional theory: Microstructure and wall-slip
Authors: Aerov Artem A. , Krüger Matthias
Published: March 2014

We theoretically investigate general properties of driven (sheared) colloidal suspensions in confinement, based on methods of classical density functional theory. In the absence of an exact closed (Smoluchowski-) equation for the one-particle density under shear, we formulate a set of general conditions for approximations, and show that a simple closure fulfills them. The exact microscopic stress tensor is identified. Exemplifying the situation near a wall (oriented parallel to the direction of shear), we note that the microscopic shear stress is not necessarily homogeneous. Formulating a second equation additional to the Smoluchowski equation, we achieve a homogeneous shear stress, and thereby compute the local flow velocity near the wall. This finally leads to a slip length of the complex fluid at the wall.
Noise temperature improvement for magnetic fusion plasma millimeter wave imaging systems
Authors: Lai J. , Domier C. W. , Luhmann N. C.
Published: March 2014

Significant progress has been made in the imaging and visualization of magnetohydrodynamic and microturbulence phenomena in magnetic fusion plasmas [B. Tobias et al., Plasma Fusion Res. 6, 2106042 (2011)]. Of particular importance have been microwave electron cyclotron emission imaging and microwave imaging reflectometry systems for imaging Te and ne fluctuations. These instruments have employed heterodyne receiver arrays with Schottky diode mixer elements directly connected to individual antennas. Consequently, the noise temperature has been strongly determined by the conversion loss with typical noise temperatures of ∼60 000 K. However, this can be significantly improved by making use of recent advances in Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit chip low noise amplifiers to insert a pre-amplifier in front of the Schottky diode mixer element. In a proof-of-principle design at V-Band (50–75 GHz), significant improvement of noise temperature from the current 60 000 K to measured 4000 K has been obtained.
Energy-partition diagnostic for measuring time-resolved scattering and absorption in burst-mode laser ablation
Authors: Qian Z. , Schoenly J. E. , Covarrubias A. , Lilge L. , Marjoribanks R. S.
Published: March 2014

We describe an energy-partition diagnostic based on integrating sphere principle for measuring absorption and scattering in plasma-mediated ablation by a high repetition-rate (133 MHz), pulsetrain-burst ultrafast-pulse laser. The system time-resolves the partition of elastically scattered laser light into specular reflection, diffuse reflection, and transmission, giving access to per-pulse absorption dynamics. Physical events such as optical breakdown and incubation effects in glass and aluminum are illustrated.
Microscopy image segmentation tool: Robust image data analysis
Authors: Valmianski Ilya , Monton Carlos , Schuller Ivan K.
Published: March 2014

We present a software package called Microscopy Image Segmentation Tool (MIST). MIST is designed for analysis of microscopy images which contain large collections of small regions of interest (ROIs). Originally developed for analysis of porous anodic alumina scanning electron images, MIST capabilities have been expanded to allow use in a large variety of problems including analysis of biological tissue, inorganic and organic film grain structure, as well as nano- and meso-scopic structures. MIST provides a robust segmentation algorithm for the ROIs, includes many useful analysis capabilities, and is highly flexible allowing incorporation of specialized user developed analysis. We describe the unique advantages MIST has over existing analysis software. In addition, we present a number of diverse applications to scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Investigation on properties of ultrafast switching in a bulk gallium arsenide avalanche semiconductor switch
Authors: Hu Long , Su Jiancang , Ding Zhenjie , Hao Qingsong , Yuan Xuelin
Published: March 2014

Properties of ultrafast switching in a bulk gallium arsenide (GaAs) avalanche semiconductor switch based on semi-insulating wafer, triggered by an optical pulse, were analyzed using physics-based numerical simulations. It has been demonstrated that when a voltage with amplitude of 5.2 kV is applied, after an exciting optical pulse with energy of 1 μJ arrival, the structure with thickness of 650 μm reaches a high conductivity state within 110 ps. Carriers are created due to photons absorption, and electrons and holes drift to anode and cathode terminals, respectively. Static ionizing domains appear both at anode and cathode terminals, and create impact-generated carriers which contribute to the formation of electron-hole plasma along entire channel. When the electric field in plasma region increases above the critical value (∼4 kV/cm) at which the electrons drift velocity peaks, a domain comes into being. An increase in carrier concentration due to avalanche multiplication in the domains reduces the domain width and results in the formation of an additional domain as soon as the field outside the domains increases above ∼4 kV/cm. The formation and evolution of multiple powerfully avalanching domains observed in the simulations are the physical reasons of ultrafast switching. The switch exhibits delayed breakdown with the characteristics affected by biased electric field, current density, and optical pulse energy. The dependence of threshold energy of the exciting optical pulse on the biased electric field is discussed.
Are polynuclear superhalogens without halogen atoms probable? A high-level ab initio case study on triple-bridged binuclear anions with cyanide ligands
Authors: Yin Bing , Li Teng , Li Jin-Feng , Yu Yang , Li Jian-Li , Wen Zhen-Yi , Jiang Zhen-Yi
Published: March 2014

The first theoretical exploration of superhalogen properties of polynuclear structures based on pseudohalogen ligand is reported here via a case study on eight triply-bridged [Mg2(CN)5]− clusters. From our high-level ab initio results, all these clusters are superhalogens due to their high vertical electron detachment energies (VDE), of which the largest value is 8.67 eV at coupled-cluster single double triple (CCSD(T)) level. Although outer valence Green's function results are consistent with CCSD(T) in most cases, it overestimates the VDEs of three anions dramatically by more than 1 eV. Therefore, the combined usage of several theoretical methods is important for the accuracy of purely theoretical prediction of superhalogen properties of new structures. Spatial distribution of the extra electron of high-VDE anions here indicates two features: remarkable aggregation on bridging CN units and non-negligible distribution on every CN unit. These two features lower the potential and kinetic energies of the extra electron respectively and thus lead to high VDE. Besides superhalogen properties, the structures, relative stabilities and thermodynamic stabilities with respect to detachment of CN−1 were also investigated for these anions. The collection of these results indicates that polynuclear structures based on pseudohalogen ligand are promising candidates for new superhalogens with enhanced properties.
Droplet distributions from melt displacement and ejection mechanism during Al ns-laser ablation and deposition experiments: Influence of laser spot position
Authors: Cultrera L. , Lorusso A. , Maiolo B. , Cangueiro L. , Vilar R. , Perrone A.
Published: March 2014

Experimental observations of the angular distribution of droplets during laser ablation and deposition of Al thin films are presented and discussed. The experimental results, obtained by simply moving the laser spot position with respect to the rotation axis of the target, allow clarification of the unexpected symmetric double peaked angular droplet distribution on the films. These results provide direct evidence that a laser fluence threshold exists, beyond which droplets are generated from a melt displacement and ejection mechanism rather than from a phase explosion. The main directions of particulate ejection are related to the particular geometry of the laser generated tracks, whose profiles depend on the relative position of the incident beam with respect to the rotation axis of the target.
Phase composition and nanostructure of Zr2Co11-based alloys
Authors: Jin Y. L. , Zhang W. Y. , Skomski R. , Valloppilly S. , Shield J. E. , Sellmyer D. J.
Published: March 2014

The effect of Mo addition on phase composition and nanostructure of nanocrystalline Zr16Co84−xMox (x = 0–2.0) melt spun at 55 m/s has been investigated. All the ribbons consist mainly of a hard magnetic Zr2Co11 phase with rhombohedral crystal structure but also contain minor amounts of soft-magnetic phases. The increase in cell volume on alloying suggests that Mo mainly enters the rhombohedral Zr2Co11 structure and occupies the Co site. Mo addition promotes the formation of the hard magnetic phase and increases its volume fraction. The mean grain size of the hard magnetic phase remains almost unchanged with the increase of Mo content. But the average grain size of the soft magnetic phase decreases from about 200 nm to 50 nm. This promotes the exchange coupling of the hard and soft magnetic phases and thus leads to a significant increase in coercivity and isotropic energy product, from 0.6 kOe and 0.5 MGOe for x = 0 to 2.9 kOe and 4.2 MGOe for x = 1.5.
Selective epitaxial growth of monolithically integrated GaN-based light emitting diodes with AlGaN/GaN driving transistors
Authors: Liu Zhaojun , Ma Jun , Huang Tongde , Liu Chao , May Lau Kei
Published: March 2014

In this Letter, we report selective epitaxial growth of monolithically integrated GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) with AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) drivers. A comparison of two integration schemes, selective epitaxial removal (SER), and selective epitaxial growth (SEG) was made. We found the SER resulted in serious degradation of the underlying LEDs in a HEMT-on-LED structure due to damage of the p-GaN surface. The problem was circumvented using the SEG that avoided plasma etching and minimized device degradation. The integrated HEMT-LEDs by SEG exhibited comparable characteristics as unintegrated devices and emitted modulated blue light by gate biasing.
A quantitative method for determination of carrier escape efficiency in GaN-based light-emitting diodes: A comparison of open- and short-circuit photoluminescence
Authors: Lim Seung-Hyuk , Ko Young-Ho , Cho Yong-Hoon
Published: March 2014

We propose a method to quantitatively analyze the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) as well as the efficiencies of non-radiative recombination in the active region (NRA) and carrier escape out of the active region (ESC) by comparing open-circuit (OC) to short-circuit (SC) conditions of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). First, the IQE was extracted from excitation-power dependent photoluminescence at low temperature, and the electron-hole wavefunction overlaps were calculated under OC and SC conditions. Then, the NRA and ESC efficiencies were quantitatively deduced and also compared with photocurrent data. The proposed method would be useful for assessing and designing quantum barriers and analyzing leakage current in LEDs.
Ultra-thin condensers for optical subwavelength resolution microscopy
Authors: Desai Darshan B. , Dominguez Daniel , Bernussi Ayrton A. , de Peralta Luis Grave
Published: March 2014

We present optical subwavelength resolution images of periodic patterned nanostructures using ultra-thin condensers (UTCs) illuminated by evanescent waves. We demonstrate bright and dark field microscopy using UTCs based on two types of surface wave illumination: surface plasmon polaritons and evanescent waves related to total internal reflection. We provide a discussion about the potential of UTCs for deep subwavelength resolution microscopy, and we discuss the similarities and differences between proposed UTCs, traditional bulky optical condensers, and several demonstrated superlenses.
Dependence of the magnetostrictive properties of cobalt ferrite on the initial powder particle size distribution
Authors: Nlebedim I. C. , Jiles D. C.
Published: March 2014

The dependence of the magnetostrictive properties of cobalt ferrite on the size distribution of the powder used in deriving the samples from traditional ceramic approach is presented. Sample obtained by combining the smallest and largest particle size distributions gave the highest magnetostriction and strain sensitivity (216 ppm and 1.34 nm/A, respectively), for measurement in parallel direction but the least (66 ppm and 0.38 nm/A respectively) in perpendicular direction. Sample derived from largest particle size distribution gave the least magnetostriction and strain sensitivity (147 ppm and 0.61 nm/A, respectively) in parallel direction but the highest (126 ppm and 0.5 nm/A, respectively) in the perpendicular direction.
Space station research to get new lease on life
Authors: Kramer David
Published: March 2014

The Obama administration extends operation of the orbiting outpost until 2024 in the hope that other partners will pitch in.
Seeing voices: Imaging the earliest sound recordings
Authors: Haber Carl
Published: March 2014

With the help of techniques first used by particle physicists decades ago, scientists and archivists are preserving our precious aural heritage.
Feasibility of ambulatory withdrawal management delivered in a NSW drug health service and correlates of completion
Authors: Deacon Rachel M. , Hines Susan , Curry Kenneth , Tynan Maggie , Day Carolyn A.
Published: March 2014

Objective The aim of the present study was to assess short-term ambulatory withdrawal management (AWM) outcomes at a drug health service (DHS) in Sydney, Australia, in the absence of specific funding. Methods A clinic file audit review was conducted of patients who commenced AWM at the service during January 2009–June 2011. Successful completion was defined as daily attendance with ≤1 missed day, or transfer onto opioid substitution treatment. Results Of 110 episodes, 69 (63%) were completed. Median patient age was 35 years (range 18–71 years), and most patients (68%) were male. Patients presented primarily for cannabis (33%) or alcohol (30%) withdrawal, followed by heroin (19%) or other opioids (6%), and benzodiazepines (12%). Completion rates varied from 86% for non-heroin opioids to 31% for benzodiazepines. Older age was associated with increased completion: 76% of those aged >35 years completed compared with 50% of those ≤35 years of age. Only 46% of women who commenced withdrawal management completed compared with 71% of men. Conclusions Most people commencing AWM at the DHS completed the program, indicating AWM can be performed at public drug and alcohol clinics. Service improvements may help increase completion rates among women and patients withdrawing from benzodiazepines. What is known about the topic? WM is not a standalone treatment for substance dependence, but is commonly a first attempt at treatment. AWM is often more acceptable to patients, and cheaper, than in-patient services. What does this paper add? About two-thirds of patients entering an AWM program operating since 2001 continue to complete the program. What are the implications for practitioners? AWM can be carried out successfully through public drug and alcohol services, although clinic staff support is important.
Rapid HIV testing increases the rate of HIV detection in men who have sex with men: using rapid HIV testing in a primary care clinic
Authors: Eu Beng , Roth Norman , Stoové Mark , O'Reilly Mark , Clarke Edward
Published: March 2014

Rapid HIV testing was approved in Australia in December 2012. Data was collected to describe the early experience of using rapid testing in Australia but as the information was collected, the authors noted that there appeared to be a high rate of HIV diagnoses amongst rapid testers. Further analysis confirmed this impression, when the rate was compared to a baseline rate of HIV diagnoses over the 32 months before the rapid testing started (4.1% vs 1.3%).
High herbivore density associated with vegetation diversity in interglacial ecosystems
Authors: Sandom Christopher J. , Ejrnæs Rasmus , Hansen Morten D. D. , Svenning Jens-Christian
Published: March 2014

Significance

Megafaunas have been decimated worldwide during the last 50,000 y, with poorly understood ecosystem consequences. In Europe, the ability of the extinct megafauna to generate structurally diverse vegetation within the temperate forest biome is controversial and has important implications for conservation management. We used paleoecological beetle data to reconstruct the abundance of large herbivores and the vegetation structure in Great Britain before and after the megafaunal extinctions. We found indications of high abundances of large herbivores and a mosaic of closed forest and wood–pasture vegetation in the last interglacial period and primarily closed forests with lower herbivore abundance in the early Holocene. These findings support an important role for large herbivores in driving vegetation dynamics and in current efforts to promote landscape diversity through rewilding.
Holomorphic projections and Ramanujan’s mock theta functions
Authors: Imamoğlu Özlem , Raum Martin , Richter Olav K.
Published: March 2014

Significance

Mock theta functions were introduced by Ramanujan in 1920. They have become a vivid area of research, and they continue to play important roles in different parts of mathematics and physics. In this paper, we extend the concept of holomorphic projection, which allows us to prove identities for the Fourier series coefficients of Ramanujan’s mock theta functions.
Perceptions of water use
Authors: Attari Shahzeen Z.
Published: March 2014

Significance

Public perceptions of water use are explored using an online survey (
N
= 1,020). Results show that participants underestimated water use by a factor of 2 on average, with large underestimates for high water-use activities. High numeracy scores, older age, and male sex were associated with more accurate perceptions of water use. Overall, perception of water use is more accurate than the perception of energy consumption and savings previously reported, however perceptions of both resources show significant underestimation.
Carnitine metabolism to trimethylamine by an unusual Rieske-type oxygenase from human microbiota
Authors: Zhu Yijun , Jameson Eleanor , Crosatti Marialuisa , Schäfer Hendrik , Rajakumar Kumar , Bugg Timothy D. H. , Chen Yin
Published: March 2014

Significance

Metabolism ofl-carnitine, a compound abundant in human diet, to trimethylamine by human microbiota has been shown to promote atherosclerosis and subsequent development of heart disease. However, the underpinning molecular and biochemical mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we reveal that a previously unidentified Rieske-type protein is responsible for carnitine transformation to trimethylamine from human microbiota. Knowledge gained in our study provides the opportunity not only to explore Rieske protein inhibitors in preventing trimethylamine formation in animal studies and clinical trials, but also for its use as a functional genetic marker to better understand human microbiota and their dynamics in our health and disease in future epidemiological studies and dietary interventions.