bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation, biological and whole Genome Characteristics of a Proteus mirabilis Bacteriophage Strain
Authors: Hao Xirui , Cen Xin , He Min , Wen Yongping , Zhang Huanrong
Published: March 2023

Proteus mirabilis is a zoonotic bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceaefamily and is naturally resistant. Studies have shown that drug resistance in Proteus mirabilis is increasing and there is an urgent need for antimicrobial alternatives to antibiotics.Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and are ubiquitous in the natural environment. Bacteriophages have a specific targeting effect on bacteria, and lyse the host bacteria with little impact on other flora. In this study, four strains of Proteus mirabilis phages were successfully isolated from the sewage of a chicken farm in Sichuan, China, and the biological and genome-wide characteristics of one of the strongest lytic phages Q29 were clarified, and the functional genes and phylogenetic evolution of Q29 phages were studied by comparative genomic analysis. The results showed that the head of Proteus mirabilis bacteriophage Q29 is icosahedral symmetrical, with a diameter of 95 nm and a tail length of 240 nm. Phage Q29 is stable in the range of 37 ℃ to 55 ℃ and under pH 4 to pH 9. The optimal MOI stands at 0.001. The results of one-step growth curve indicates that the incubation period is about 15 min, the outbreak period is about 35 min, and the average cleavage quantity is about 60 PFU/cell. Phage Q29 has a total length of 58 664 bp and encodes 335 ORFs. It does not carry antibiotic resistance genes. Genetic evolutionary analysis showed that the phage was a member of the family Caudalidae and the genus Myotail. This paper provides a good research material for the further development ofProteus mirabilis bacteriophage biologics.
Developing method of simultaneously determining 11 triterpene alcohols and analyzing their characteristics in camellia oil
Authors: Li Yonglin , Zhou Shengmin , Dong Yaoyao , Li Qi , Gao Yuan , Yu Xiuzhu
Published: March 2023

Triterpene alcohol with a series of bioactivities is an important minor compound in camellia oil. Thus, determination and characterization of triterpene alcohol in camellia oil are essential to develop bioactivity of camellia oil. Herein, a method that simultaneously determines 11 triterpene alcohols was developed and validated; samples of different production areas and oil processing methods were determined. Storage and thermal stability of triterpene alcohol were characterized. Results showed that proposed method had good sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and robustness, with linearity, LOD, LOQ, spike recovery, and RSD of 0.9964‒0.9989, 0.14‒5.53 mg/kg, 0.45‒18.44 mg/kg, 82.90%‒108.51%, and 4.38%‒12.69%, respectively. Oils processed with low press flux, cold press, and aqueous extraction had high triterpene alcohol contents. As for stability, although triterpene alcohol would fluctuate like sterol, they were stable during storage and degraded during heating. Our study can be used as reference for triterpene alcohol determination and development of functional oil containing triterpene alcohol.
CRISPR-targeted transposable element insertion for efficient plant genome engineering
Authors: Liu Peng , Panda Kaushik , Edwards Seth , Yi Hochul , Pandesha Pratheek , Hung Yu-Hung , Swanson Ryan , Klaas Gerald , Ye Xudong , Veena Veena , Gilbertson Larry , Hancock C. Nathan , Slotkin R. Keith
Published: March 2023

The current technologies to place new DNA into specific locations in plant genomes are low frequency and error-prone, and this inefficiency hampers genome editing approaches to develop improved crops. Often considered genome ‘parasites’, transposable elements (TEs) evolved to insert their DNA seamlessly into genomes. TEs select their site of insertion based on preferences for chromatin contexts, which differ for each TE type. We developed a genome engineering tool that controls the TE insertion site and cargo delivered, taking advantage of the TE’s natural ability to precisely insert into the genome. Inspired by CRISPR-associated transposases (CASTs) that target transposition in a programmable manner in bacteria, we generated a synthetic CAST by fusing the rice Pong TE transposase protein to the Cas9 or CPF1 programmable nucleases. We demonstrated sequence-specific targeted delivery (guided by the CRISPR gRNA) of enhancer elements, an open reading frame and gene expression cassette into the genome of the model plant Arabidopsis. We additionally translated this system into soybean, a major global crop in need of targeted insertion technology. We have engineered a TE ‘parasite’ into a usable and accessible toolkit that enables the sequence-specific targeting of custom DNA into plant genomes.
Hierarchical Embedding Methods for Large-scale Complex Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Tong Weiming , Chu Xu , Li Zhongwei , Jin Xianji
Published: March 2023

In large-scale complex knowledge graphs (KGs) for knowledge reasoning, most existing methods ignore the hierarchical features of KGs, limiting their efficiency in recommender systems, information retrieval, and intelligent Q&A systems by their discrete nature. Based on the translation-based knowledge graph embedding method, this paper proposes a hierarchical embedding method for large-scale complex KGs, which encodes the semantics of entity representations through continuous bag-of-word (CBOW) and convolutional neural network (CNN) models. At the same time, the hierarchies are used as regularization terms to constrain the learning of entity embeddings. After that, the model joint loss function is designed to combine the descriptive loss function of the entity and the hierarchical loss function through the equilibrium coefficients, and the model optimal equilibrium coefficients are determined adaptively. Finally, we conducted experiments on the benchmark dataset and the constructed domain dataset, and the experimental results show that our method can capture meaningful hierarchical information, which is superior to representative knowledge graph reasoning methods and improves the performance of link prediction.
Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Effect of Lipopeptide Derivatives of Lycosin-I
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Zhang Peng , Liu Yuan , Li Jing , Yang Dongqian , Liu Zhonghua , Jiang Liping
Published: March 2023

Conclusions: Appropriate fatty acid modification can improve the serum stability of Lycosin-I and enhance the in vivo anti-Toxoplasma gondii effect of Lycosin-I. These results suggest that the lipopeptide derivative of Lycosin-Ⅰ have the potential as a novel drug candidate of anti- T. gondii.
Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease. Due to the side effects and drug resistance of clinical medications for toxoplasmosis, it is urgent to develop new anti-toxoplasmosis drugs. In our previous study, we found that Lycosin-I exhibited anti- T. gondii activity both in vitro and in vivo, but its serum stability in vivo was not good enough. In this study, we aimed to improve the stability and activity of Lycosin-I through fatty acid modification, so as to find a better anti- T. gondii targeting drug candidate.
Methods: The α/ε-amino radicals of different lysine residues of Lycosin-Ⅰ were covalently coupled with lauric acid to obtain eight lipopeptides, namely L-C12, L-C12-1, L-C12-2, L-C12-3, L-C12-4, L-C12-5, L-C12-6, L-C12-7. The anti-T. gondii activity of these lipopeptides in vitro was screened using Trypan blue assay. The anti-T. gondii effects of Lycosin-I, L-C12 and L-an were evaluated by invasion assay, proliferation assay and plaque assay in vitro. A mouse model acutely infected with T. gondii was established to evaluate their efficacy in vivo.
Results: Among these eight lipopeptides, L-C12 showed the best activity against T. gondii in vitro. We then conjugated a shorter length fatty chain, aminocaproic acid, at the same modification site of L-C12, namely L-an. The serum stability of L-C12 and L-an was improved, and they showed comparable or even better activity than Lycosin-I in inhibiting the invasion, proliferation and migration of T. gondii tachyzoites. L-an effectively prolonged the survival time of mice acutely infected with T. gondii.
Phylofloristics: visual analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace
Authors: Yang Xinxin , Zhang Zhang Shujun , Luo Jian
Published: March 2023

The study of phylogenetic zones of plants provides a good insight into the biogeographic and ecological processes of zone formation and a clear understanding of the nature and origin of biodiversity hotspots. The literature in the Web of Science core dataset was analyzed using bibliometric methods combined with CiteSpace 5.0, VOSviewer 1.6.18 visualization software, and Excel software to reveal the characteristics, hotspots, and evolutionary trends of this field over the past 35 years. The research on plant phylogenetic systematics has been increasing at home and abroad, and the main research force is mainly in the United States. Among these research institutions, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has published more frequently than other institutions and conducted a considerable among of research in this field. The relevant research conducted in this field is mainly focused on ecology, with significant interdisciplinary characteristics and the closest connection between ecology and other disciplines. The hotspot research topics at each stage are closely related in the field of plant phylogenetic systematics. These topics at each stage have a strong knowledge transmission relationship in the field of plant phylogeny and show a trend of further development based on the original foundation. In the future, the cross-fertilization of disciplines will be further promoted to realize the following objectives: strengthen mechanistic studies, combine different research methods of phylogenetic tree construction and model prediction in different phyla, understand the dynamic changes of plant communities, ecosystems, and global scale biodiversity from new perspectives, and provide the scientific basis for effective conservation of species and clarification of the evolutionary history and formation mechanism of phyla. Thus, it is still a popular research direction in the field of plant phylogenetic systematics.
Heavy metals contamination of soil irrigated with treated waste water in a semi-arid region, case of Sfax, Tunisia
Authors: Abidi Mouna , Bachtouli Sarra , Ali Zouheira Ibn , Zairi Moncef
Published: March 2023

In arid and semi-arid regions, the use of unconventional water such treated domestic waste water as an alternative water resource in crop irrigation became a common practice. This study investigates the effect of using treated waste water (TWW) for irrigation on Heavy metal (HM) soil contamination. In the other hand, face to the growing concern about contamination risks, the present study aims to quantify the effect of irrigation, for a long time period, with TWW on heavy metals accumulation in soil. The HDRUS-1D model is applied to simulate the transport of Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Fe in two soils types irrigated with TWW in Sfax, Tunisia as a case study. The prediction of HM concentrations in the Calcisol over 30 years shows that, over time, the amount of metals propagates more and more in depth. The enrichment is more notable in the surface layer in the case of Cr, Cu and Ni and it affects the entire soil profile in the case of Zn and Fe. In the case of Fluvisol, the HM enrichment is located in the deep sandy layers. A greater growth of the amount of metals in Fluvisol than Calcisol is observed. Even though the TWW content of HM is below Tunisian standard for irrigation, their accumulation in soil need continuous monitoring. The choice of irrigation by TWW will not considers only the water quality but also the type of soil and its ability to accumulate metals.
Spatial patterns of native Robinia pseudoacacia and invasive Ailanthus altissima and their influence on regeneration, abundance, and diversity of neighboring trees at local and regional scales
Authors: Nilsen Erik T. , Huebner Cynthia D.
Published: March 2023

Context. Native early-successional plants and invasive exotic plants often colonize the same disturbed space and have similar functions, making interactions likely. Knowing whether these interactions are facilitative or competitive across different scales will help determine the influence of such species across a forested landscape. Objective. We evaluated the impacts of an early-successional, nitrogen-fixing native (facilitator),Robinia pseudoacacia,and an allelopathic invasive (inhibitor),Ailanthus altissima,on regeneration, basal area, and diversity of forests at local and regional scales. Methods.Locally, all woody stems were mapped in three post-disturbance, mid-successional plots at two sites in Virginia, US. Plots containedA. altissimaorR. pseudoacaciaor both. Target species were evaluated regionally and spatially using USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis data across 31 eastern states, US. Results.Spatial contagion was found betweenA. altissimaandR. pseudoacaciaat both scales. Regeneration ofA. altissimawas much greater than that ofR. pseudoacaciabut native tree regeneration was negatively associated with both target species. Regionally,R. pseudoacaciawas more common thanA. altissima. At both scales,A. altissimawas more likely to form dense stands thanR. pseudoacacia. Locally, plot types did not differ in tree diversity. Regionally,R. pseudoacaciaplots had higher tree diversity than plots without either target species. Conclusions.Robinia pseudoacaciaandA. altissima’s positive association is maintained into mid- and late-successional forests andA. altissimainhibits regeneration locally and regionally.Robinia pseudoacaciashows a positive effect on diversity but only when compared with mature forests at the regional scale.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Perfluoropropane after Intra-venous Bolus Injection of Definity in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: Li Pengfei , Du Ping , Peng Jun , Zhao Zhixia , Li Huiling , Yu Weiyue , Wang Shumin , Liu Lihong
Published: March 2023

Background and Objective: Definity is an ultrasound contrast agent consisting of phospholipids-encapsulated perfluoropropane (PFP), also known as perflutren, microspheres, which is initially designed to enhance echocardiographic ultrasound images. With no pharmacologic action, Definity can increase the backscatter of ultrasound resulting enhanced ultrasound signals. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics (PKs), Pharmacodynamics (PDs) and safety of Definity in healthy male and female Chinese volunteers.
Methods: A simple GC-MS method was developed and applied to simultaneously quantify PFP both in human whole blood and in expired air using Perfluorobutane (PFB) as internal standard. Meanwhile, the blood microbubble Doppler intensities were continuously monitored as companion PDs by a Doppler ultrasonography system using a non-imaging method.
Results: After intravenous infusion of 10 µL/kg of PFP within 30 seconds, the mean AUClast of the pharmacokinetic analysis set was 0.000653 (uL/mL)*min, the average AUC∞ was 0.001051 (uL/mL)*min. The main coefficient of variation of parameters were within 30%. In this trial, the blood drug concentration of female subjects was lower than that of males. Female Cmax, AUClast and AUC∞ were lower than males’, Tmax and t1/2 was close to males’, Vss and CL were slightly higher than males’. The concentration of PFP in the expired air of the subject reached the maximum value 1-2 minutes after administration and the PFP accumulation curve in the expired air began to become flat at 9.5-11 minutes after administration. The PFP in the expired air at the last sampling point of most subjects was still measurable. The results of the analysis showed that female subjects had slightly more and faster PFP excretion via the lungs than males. The change of blood drug concentration in this trial was related to the change process of Doppler signal intensity. The trend of the two was close, but the peak time of blood drug concentration was slightly delayed compared with the peak time of the Doppler signal intensity. The results showed that female tmax-pd, t10 was earlier than male, and women have lower AUCpd than men.
Conclusion: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Definity in blood and expired air were systematically evaluated for the first time in this study. The PK/PD analysis results of this trial showed that the change of blood concentration was related to the change process of Doppler signal intensity, the trend of the two was close and expired air are the main excretion pathways of Definity. Definity was well tolerated by all subjects in the trial.
A protein extracted from Metagonimus yokogawai alleviates inflammation in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Won Eun Jeong , Lee Yu Jeong , Kim Moon-Ju , Lee Hae-In , Jang Hyun Hee , Kim Seong Hoon , Yoo Hee Min , Cho Namki , Ahn Min Joo , Shim Seung Cheol , Kim Tae-Jong
Published: March 2023

Background
Helminth infections and their components has been recognized to have a positive impact on the immune system. This study aimed to investigate the potential of Metagonimus yokogawai-derived proteins (MYp) to provide protection against ankylosing spondylitis (AS) through modulation of immune responses.
Methods
The cytotoxicity of MYp at various doses was first assessed using MTS and flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from AS patients, and the production of inflammatory cytokines was analyzed through flow cytometry. In the experiments with SKG mice, MYp or vehicle was administered and inflammation was evaluated through immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
The results showed that MYp did not decrease cell viability of PBMCs even after 48 hours. Additionally, the frequencies of IFN-γ and IL-17A producing cells were significantly reduced after MYp treatment in the PBMC cultures. In the SKG mouse model, MYp treatment could reduce serum levels of INF- γ, IL-17A, and TNF-α. Overall, MYp treatment significantly suppressed arthritis and enthesitis in the SKG mouse model.
Conclusions
The results suggest the first evidence that MYp can effectively alleviate clinical symptoms and restore cytokine balance in patients with AS.
Assessment of 3D acetabular offset in total hip arthroplasty using conventional reaming technique
Authors: Kozu Takashi , Hisatome Takashi , Takata Akihito , Fujimaki Hirohisa , Nakanishi Kazuyoshi
Published: March 2023

Background: Reconstruction of the hip center and appropriate offset is meaningful in total hip arthroplasty (THA). In our institution, THA is performed using the anterolateral supine (ALS) approach with intraoperative fluoroscopy, wherein the acetabulum is reamed using the conventional reaming technique. This study aimed to investigate and review 3D acetabular offset in ALS-THA and compare changes between the post-THA and the normal hips.
Methods: Seventy-three patients with unilateral disease and 73 joints (mean age 62.8 years, all female patients) underwent ALS-THA using the conventional reaming technique with intraoperative fluoroscopy at the same institution. The acetabular medial offset (AMO), acetabular superior offset (ASO), and acetabular anterior offset (AAO, posterior +) were measured, and the amount of change in the unaffected hip joint and implanted hip joint was examined.
Results: The mean AMO (±SD) in the normal hip was 33.8 mm (±1.6), the mean ASO (±SD) was 14.3 mm (±1.6), and the mean AAO (±SD) was 1.2 mm (±1.1). the mean AMO (±SD) in the implanted hip was 27.5 mm (±1.2), the mean ASO (±SD) was 16.8 mm (±1.8), and the AAO (±SD) was 3.7 mm (±0.9) in THA.
There was a significant difference between the unaffected side and the post-THA offset in the AMO, ASO, and AAO groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.03 respectively). The difference in mean values between the normal side and the THA side was ΔAMO (±SD)6.3 mm (±1.9), ΔASO (±SD) 2.5 mm (±1.2), and ΔAAO (±SD) 2.4 mm (±1.0).
Conclusion: 3D-CT was used to evaluate the acetabular offset by comparing the post-THA and normal hips after unilateral ALS-THA. Under fluoroscopic reaming, the center of rotation of the hip joint moved inward, upward, and backward.
Trial Registration: retrospectively registered
Efficacy and adverse effects of different immunotherapy in the elderly
Authors: yang yunxin , Mi Song , Liu li , Yuan Meng , Wang Hang , Wang Chenlin , Chen Yanfei , Liang Ning , Deng Guodong , Hu Pingping , Zhang Jiandong
Published: March 2023

We rely on the Food and Drug Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to evaluate the medication status of immunotherapy in the elderly, and the efficacy and safety of different immunotherapy strategies by mining large samples and real-world data. The present study included 19,446 patients over 65 years of age with NSCLC in the FAERS database from January 2015 to December 2022. The definition of adverse events (AEs) relied on the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). Statistical analysis was performed, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The 65–74 age group comprised 12,878(66.2%) individuals and 6,566(33.8%) individuals ≥ 75 years. Combined chemotherapy in the elderly ≥ 75 years and Bevacizumab in the elderly ≥ 80 years of age are optimal for both efficacy and adverse effects. Combined chemotherapy delayed disease progression and reduced mortality in ≥ 75 years of age were OR,0.68 (95% CI,0.56–0.89) and OR,0.75 (95% CI,0.57–0.99) respectively. Combined Bevacizumab delayed disease progression in ≥ 80 years of age were OR,0.24 (95% CI,0.08–0.67) although there was no statistical significance in reducing mortality. Treatment with ICIs in combination with other agents in very elderly populations has demonstrated improved survival benefits. The reason for the discrepancy with the clinical studies may be that older adults over 75 or even over 80 years of age do not meet enrollment requirements. It is expected that the upper age limit for enrollment will also increase as the aging era advances further.
A novel feature selection algorithm for IoT networks intrusion detection system based on parallel CNN-LSTM model
Authors: Farkhady Roya Zareh , Majidzadeh Kambiz , Masdari Mohammad , Ghaffari Ali
Published: March 2023

As the Internet of Things networks expand globally, it is becoming increasingly important to protect against threats. one of the main reasons for the high number of false positives and low detection rates is the presence of redundant and irrelevant features. To address this problem, we propose a binary chimpanzee optimization algorithm for the feature selection process. This paper presents accurate network-based intrusion detection network, named parallel convolutional neural network long and short-term memory network branch, which has two branches. The input vector of the network is permuted in a 3-dimention space. This allows the model to extract highly discriminative features using a small number of layers. On the second branch, we used long and short-term memory network in parallel. The efficacy of the proposed deep model has been evaluated using three benchmark internet of things intrusion detection datasets, namely ToN-IoT, UNSW-NB15, and IoTID20 datasets. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed binary chimpanzee optimization approach reduces about 60% of features, and the effectiveness of the proposed model was demonstrated by experimental results showing a high detection rate, high accuracy, and a relatively low false positive rate, which are measured as 99.54%, 99.56%, and 0.024 in the ToN-IoT and 99.79%, 99.78%, and 0.0032 in UNSW-NB15 and 100%, 100%, and zero in IoTID20 datasets, respectively.
Molecular determinants of neurocognitive deficits in glioma: based on 2021 WHO classification
Authors: Zhang Kun , Yang Tianrui , Xia Yu , Guo Xiaopeng , Chen Wenlin , Wang Lijun , Li Junlin , Wu Jiaming , Xiao Zhiyuan , Zhang Xin , Jiang Wenwen , Xu Dongrui , Guo Siying , Wang Yaning , Shi Yixin , Liu Delin , Li Yilin , Wang Yuekun , Xing Hao , Liang Tingyu , Niu Pei , Wang Hai , Liu Qianshu , Jin Shanmu , Qu Tian , Li Huanzhang , Zhang Yi , Ma Wenbin , Wang Yu
Published: March 2023

Purpose
Cognitive impairment is a common feature among patients with diffuse glioma. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive function and clinical and molecular factors under the new 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS 5).
Methods
A total of 110 patients with diffuse glioma were enrolled and underwent preoperative cognitive assessments using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Clinical information was collected from medical records, and gene sequencing was performed to analyze 18 most influenced gene alterations. The differences in cognitive function between patients with and without glioblastoma were compared under both CNS 4 and CNS 5 to assess the effect of differentiation on cognition.
Results
The study found that age, tumor location, and glioblastoma had significant differences on cognitive function. Several genetic alterations were significantly correlated with cognition. For most focused genes, patients with a low number of genetic alterations tended to have better cognitive function.
Conclusion
Our study suggested that, in addition to general clinical characteristics such as age, histological type and tumor location, the molecular characteristics of glioma play a crucial role in cognitive function. Further research into the mechanisms by which tumors affect brain function is expected to enhance the quality of life for glioma patients. The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering both clinical and molecular factors in the management of glioma patients to improve cognitive outcomes.
Primary or metastatic branchial cleft carcinoma?: A case report
Authors: Ma Yang , Liu Hangyu , Yang Lijing , Tang Shijie , Shi Lungang
Published: March 2023

The brachial cleft carcinoma is an extremely rare head and neck facial malignancy, and there is some disagreement about its differential diagnosis. In this paper, we report a 63-year-old male patient who had a mass on the left side of the neck and diagnosed as the brachial cleft carcinoma by intraoperative biopsy pathology. However, this patient was diagnosed with the carcinoma of the left soft palate more than 20 days after surgery and esophageal cancer 2 years later, and was treated accordingly. Therefore, it is hard to confirm whether the branchial cleft carcinoma is primary or metastatic. In fact, the diagnostic criteria for primary squamous cell carcinoma of branchial cleft cysts are very rigorous. Confirmation of the diagnosis is based on pathological examination of the branchial cleft cyst epithelium lined with squamous cells, meanwhile, a thorough examination should also be performed to exclude the presence of other primary cancers.
Apatite trace element composition as an indicator of ore deposit types: A machine learning approach
Authors: Qiu Kun-Feng , Zhou Tong , Chew David , Hou Zhao-Liang , Müller Axel , Yu Hao-Cheng , Lee Robert G. , Chen Huan , Deng Jun
Published: March 2023

The diverse suite of trace elements incorporated into apatite in ore-forming systems has important applications in petrogenesis studies of mineral deposits. Trace element variations in apatite can be used to distinguish between fertile and barren environments, and thus have potential as mineral exploration tools. Such classification approaches commonly employ two-variable scatterplots of apatite trace element compositional data. While such diagrams offer accessible visualization of compositional trends, they often struggle to effectively distinguish ore deposit types because they do not employ all the high-dimensional (i.e., multi-element) information accessible from high-quality apatite trace element analysis. To address this issue, we use a supervised machine-learning-based approach (eXtreme Gradient Boosting, XGBoost) to correlate apatite compositions with ore deposit type, utilizing such high-dimensional information. We evaluated 8629 apatite trace element data from five ore deposit types (porphyry, skarn, orogenic Au, iron oxide copper gold, and iron oxide-apatite) along with unmineralized magmatic and metamorphic apatite to identify discriminating parameters for the individual deposit types, as well as for mineralized systems. According to feature selection, eight elements (Th, U, Sr, Eu, Dy, Y, Nd, and La) improve the model performance. We show that the XGBoost classifier efficiently and accurately classifies high-dimensional apatite trace element data according to the ore deposit type (overall accuracy: 94% and F1 score: 89%). Interpretation of the model using the SHAPley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) tool shows that Th, U, Eu, and Nd are the most indicative elements for classifying deposit types using apatite trace element chemistry. Our approach has broad implications for the better understanding of the sources, chemistry, and evolution of melts and hydrothermal fluids resulting in ore deposit formation.
The association of hair loss and coronavirus infection COVID-19 – facts and hypotheses
Authors: Smirnova I. O. , Medetskaya O. M. , Petunova Ya. G. , Ptashnikova P. D. , Shin N. V. , Zhelonkina A. O. , Zhelonkin A. R. , Smirnova O. N.
Published: March 2023

The main manifestations of COVID-19 are primarily interstitial pneumonia and respiratory failure. No less than 20% of patients have variable skin rashes, which try to be interpreted as markers and predictors of the peculiarities of the course of coronavirus infection. In addition, hair loss is a characteristic manifestation of COVID-19, and the salivary follicles are regarded as a target for SARS-CoV-2. The most common variants of alopecia in patients with a new coronavirus infection or vaccine-induced alopecia are acute telogenic, nondescript, and androgenetic alopecia. This review provides information on the most common variants of hair loss in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the features of their manifestations, and possible mechanisms of development. Acute telogenic hair loss is the most common variant of SARS-CoV-2-induced alopecia, is characteristic of patients with subacute course of COVID-19 and can be combined with trichodynia, anosmia and aguvia, which are markers of nervous syste damage. Given the variability in the time of onset after infection, a heterogeneous pathogenesis of alopecia can be assumed. Nested alopecia after COVID-19 is often a relapse of the disease, its severity and frequency do not correlate with the severity of the infectious disease, and its prevalence in women indicates the importance of hormonal factors in its development. Androgenetic alopecia may be a predictor of high risk of infection, severe course, and recurrence of COVID-19. The first two variants of alopecia may be associated with COVID-19 vaccination, and the latter is a predictor of inadequate immune response to vaccine administration. The mechanisms of the damaging effects of SARS-CoV-2 on hair follicles have not been fully deciphered and are most likely complex, with different leading links in different types of hair loss. Deciphering these mechanisms may provide prerequisites for understanding the mechanisms of COVID-19 damage to other tissues and organs.
Protocols on correction of signs of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia using hardware and injection techniques in cosmetic patients
Authors: Svechnikova E. V. , Morzhanaeva M. A. , Gorskaya A. A. , Maximova Yu. V.
Published: March 2023

Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) is a genetically determined condition with a progressive course characterized by defects in the fibrous structures and the basic connective tissue substance, leading to impaired formation of organs and systems, which determines the features of the associated pathology, as well as the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. In dermatological and cosmetological practice, the issue of UCTD is very topical, as individual external presentations of the connective tissue dysmorphogenesis among young people can reach 85.4%. In recent decades, a real revolution has taken place in aesthetic medicine, which is associated with the emergence of new injectable products, development of hardware, cellular and thread techniques. Every year mew methods of treatment emerge and the existing ones are improved. Statistics of the past years show that minimally invasive non-surgical interventions are becoming more and more popular in all countries, their number significantly exceeds the number of surgical operations. To date, there are 2 groups of methods aimed at collagen stimulation: hardware techniques and injection methods. The effectiveness of the use of polylactic acid drugs as the first-line drugs for the correction of UCTD in order to prevent premature ageing was evaluated in the presented clinical cases. Patients with a cosmetology profile were treated according to the complex protocols that included amino acid replacement therapy, IV therapy, contour correction with drugs containing polylactic acid and hardware techniques (microneedle RF lifting with insulated and non-insulated needles, ultrasonic SMAS lifting, ablative laser techniques, Ipl-therapy). As a result, an algorithm for managing a patient with UCTD was developed in the cosmetology practice. The provided clinical cases show that the detection of signs of UCTD can significantly improve the patient’s quality of life and prevent premature aging.
Photosensitive dermatoses in paediatric practice
Authors: Tamrazova O. B. , Stadnikova A. S. , Novik G. A. , Bagramova G. E.
Published: March 2023

Photodermatoses represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the development of pathological skin reaction to solar radiation. The development or intensification of inflammatory skin reaction after exposure to ultraviolet or electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye is a distinctive feature of all photosensitive photodermatoses. Although photodermatoses are less common in children than in adults, they are often associated with genetic or congenital metabolic disorders, and may also point to diffuse connective tissue diseases. Paediatric photodermatoses are often the result of genetic or congenital metabolic disorders, and may also indicate diffuse connective tissue diseases. The epidemiological studies have showed that the global prevalence of photodermatoses diagnosed with photopatch tests is above or equal to 5.7%. The authors presented a modern classification of photosensitive dermatoses according to the etiological factor. The article provides up-to-date information about photosensitive dermatoses, including statistical epidemiological data, pathogenesis features, and also emphasis is placed on the issues of the quality of life of children and their parents. The authors described the clinical presentations of the most common paediatric photosensitive dermatoses and the basic principles of their therapy. Among topical glucocorticosteroids, methylprednisolone aceponate has proven itself in the treatment of paediatric photodermatoses as it has not only a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, but also is easy-to-use. The timely diagnosis of paediatric photosensitivity will help to minimize the development of complications associated with delayed treatment and insufficient prevention (photoprotection).
Acne resistance issues: solutions
Authors: Kovaleva J. S. , Kokina O. A. , Shepileva T. N.
Published: March 2023

Acne is one of the most common dermatoses, especially among young people. The worldwide prevalence reaches up to 80% of young people aged 15 to 17 who have symptoms of acne, and the condition often persists into adulthood. In the pathogenesis of acne, in addition to pathological hyperkeratosis and inflammation, an important role is played by such factors as massive microbial contamination, species composition, biological properties of pathogens, in particular, their drug resistance. For the treatment of acne of moderate and severe severity, antibacterial drugs are used – tetracycline, erythromycin, doxycycline. These drugs have a bacteriostatic effect on Cutibacterium acnes by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial proteins. Antibiotics for acne demonstrate antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects and act in two directions: they reduce the colonization of C. acnes and inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators associated with С. acnes. Side effects in antibiotic treatment are rare, but the main problem in their appointment is resistance, the frequency of which is increasing every year. The review part of the article presents the literature data of domestic and foreign authors on the formation of С. acnes resistance to antibiotic therapy in acne patients in the process of therapy evolution. Cause-and-effect relationships of the formation of resistance in the application of antibacterial drugs of various classes are described. The strategy and tactics of a doctor to limit the spread of C. acnes antibiotic resistance are considered. A special place in the article is given to the important role of benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin and the synergistic effect of the fixed combination of clindamycin / benzoyl peroxide in overcoming the resistance of С. acnes and achieving the effectiveness and safety of therapy. The second part of the article presents our own clinical observations of the effectiveness of the domestic combined preparation of the Klindavit Combo gel (clindamycin / benzoyl peroxide) in the treatment of patients with papulopustular acne who are on outpatient treatment by a dermatologist.
Internet Memes as an Indicator of the Interpretation of F. M. Dostoevsky's Works
Authors: Gur'yanova Anastasiya , Sinegubova Kapitalina
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the phenomenon of Internet memes that are based on the works by F. M. Dostoevsky. The relevance of this material is due to the fact that memes reflect the events described in his novels as if they were real current events or phenomena of mass culture. The aim is to identify what idea of the life and work of F. M. Dostoevsky is formed among Internet users and what aspects of the writer's novels become the subject of ironic reinterpretation in Internet memes. The authors identified F. M. Dostoevsky himself often becomes the hero of Internet memes, which indicates the importance of his figure for mass consciousness. It is established that Internet memes actualize in the minds of users the following idea about the work of F. M. Dostoevsky: all his works are difficult to perceive, because they constantly demonstrate the suffering of the characters. Dostoevsky himself is presented as the author, first of all, of the novel "Crime and Punishment".The significant religious component of his work is also emphasized. The authors believe that the image of F. M. Dostoevsky formed on the basis of Internet memes may affect the reader's perception if the reader is not familiar with F. M. Dostoevsky's works.
Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of water resources in Henan Province
Authors: Zhou Yishuang , Tong Xiaoxia , Gan Rong , Liu Panfeng , Guo Lin , Zhao Shanshan
Published: March 2023

A clear understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of water resources is essential for the optimal allocation and sustainable utilization of water resources. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of water resources in Henan Province were studied based on GIS, combining the Mann-Kendall (M-K) nonparametric test and rescaled range (R/S) analysis. In addition, SPSS software was used to analyze the influence of climate and land use type on water resources. The results indicated that (1) the hot spots of water resources were concentrated in the southwest, while the low values were concentrated in the northeast, and the distribution of water resources decreased from southwest to northeast. (2) In the past 21 years, spatiotemporal mutations in the water resource sequence occurred between 2010 and 2014. The Z-values of the M-K trend test were all less than 0, the H-values of groundwater resources (GWRs) were mostly greater than 0.5, and the h-values of surface water resources (SWRs) and total water resources (TWRs) were less than 0.5, showing an overall declining trend. However, this trend may change in the future. (3) From the correlation analysis, climate change had a greater impact on water resources than land use changes did.
Recycled water for non-potable use: Understanding community perceptions and acceptance in Malaysia
Authors: Bachi' Nur Aina , Wan Mohtar Wan Hanna Melini , Zin Wan Zawiah Wan , Takeuchi Haruka , Hanafiah Zarimah Mohd
Published: March 2023

Sustainable water supply is one of the key issues for water resources management. The future demand for clean water is putting pressure on the Malaysian government to find alternative supplies and best management practices in managing water resources, such as the use of reclaimed water. This paper evaluates the perceptions and acceptance of the use of treated water for non-drinking purposes in Malaysia from the responses of 1,004 participants. The results show that age and level of education play an important role in the level of community acceptance. Females tend to be more selective than males in their acceptance to use reclaimed water. To guarantee that the public receives accurate information about reclaimed water, social media can be used for disseminating information, especially to younger generations.
The practice of integrated asset management in Ugandan small towns
Authors: Musiimenta Bruno Emmanuel , Tutusaus Mireia , Schwartz Klaas
Published: March 2023

Integrated asset management (IAM) has been promoted by international agencies and academics as a promising approach for water utilities in developing countries. These IAM frameworks present logical and linear approaches to managing a utility's infrastructure. In this article, we contrast these frameworks with the everyday practice of asset management in seven small towns in rural Uganda. In rural areas of Uganda, utility managers operating and managing assets need to maneuver between political demands, demands from the Head Office, inadequate resources, and limited capacity. As a result, the practice of asset management necessarily deviates considerably from the logical steps identified in many IAM frameworks. Without diminishing the relevance of the more conceptual IAM frameworks, the article suggests that for IAM to become more impactful for practitioners in rural areas and small towns in developing countries, these contextual factors need to be taken into account.
Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on the Trend of Hospital Admission and
Mortality in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in the United Arab Emirates: A
Retrospective Study
Authors: Pradhan Rohit , Ahmed Luai A. , Al Kaabi Nawal , El Subki Waddah Ibrahim , Zaabi Ashraf Al
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

To investigate the impact of COVID-19 vaccines in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on the trend of COVID-19-related hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and case fatality rate (CFR), this retrospective chart review was conducted.

Methods:

We included patients admitted to two tertiary hospitals from October 2020 to July 2022. Patients were categorized into non-vaccinated, partially-vaccinated, and fully-vaccinated groups.

Results:

A total of 2277 cases were included, with 27.49% being non-vaccinated. The monthly trend of admitted patients dropped from 1264 (56.50%) cases in the first half of 2021 to 194 (8.67%) cases in the first half of 2022, with a reduction rate of 84.65%. The trend of ICU admission followed the overall hospital admission rate, with an overall CFR of 0.88%, 95% CI (0.54% to 1.35%), and a virulence rate of 1.76%, 95% CI (1.26% to 2.38%). The incidence of ICU admission in the unvaccinated group was 4.79%, compared to 0% and 0.97% in the partially-vaccinated and fully-vaccinated groups, respectively (p <0.001). The CFR was significantly (p <0.001) higher in the unvaccinated group 2.88%, 95% CI (1.71 to 4.51) than in the partially-vaccinated 0%, 95% CI (0% to 0.59%) and fully-vaccinated groups 0.19%, 95% CI (0.02% to 0.70%).

Conclusion:

Among the study population, COVID-19 vaccines showed promising efficacy in reducing the trend of COVID-19-related hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality. Full vaccination might reduce the burden of COVID-19 on healthcare.
Antimicrobial Peptides: A Promising Strategy for Anti-tuberculosis
Therapeutics
Authors: Ning Yu , Wang Lujuan , Wang Menglu , Meng Xiangying , Qiao Jinjuan
Published: March 2023

The high global burden of tuberculosis (TB) and the increasing emergence of the drugresistant
(DR) strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) emphasize the urgent need for novel antimycobacterial
agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides widely existing in a variety
of organisms and usually have amphiphilic cationic structures, which have a selective affinity to the
negatively charged bacterial cell wall. Besides direct bactericidal mechanisms, including interacting
with the bacterial cell membrane and interfering with the biosynthesis of the cell wall, DNA, or
protein, some AMPs are involved in the host's innate immunity. AMPs are promising alternative or
complementary agents for the treatment of DR-TB, given their various antibacterial mechanisms and
low cytotoxicity. A large number of AMPs, synthetic or natural, from human to bacteriophage
sources, have displayed potent anti-mycobacterial activity in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we
summarized the features, antimycobacterial activity, and mechanisms of action of the AMPs according
to their sources. Although AMPs have not yet met the expectations for clinical application due to their
low bioavailabilities, high cost, and difficulties in large-scale production, their potent
antimycobacterial activity and action mechanisms, which are different from conventional antibiotics,
make them promising antibacterial agents against DR-Mtb in the future.
A Review on the Determination of Biogenic Amines in Fresh and Processed
Fish Products using HPLC, LC-MS/MS and Other Chromatographic
Methods
Authors: Ahangari Hossein , Tavassoli Milad , Khezerlou Arezou , Kiani Salmi Narges , Ehsani Ali , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2023

Biogenic amines (BAs) are compounds deemed to be foodstuff contaminants and are the
cause of poisoning or allergy. The main BAs found in foods include histamine, tyramine, putrescine,
cadaverine, spermine and spermidine. The number of poisoning cases related to BAs in food
has increased, which is reinforcing the need for BAs detection to ensure food safety. BAs are found
in varying quantities in different foods such as fish, fruits, meat, cheese, vegetables, beer, and
wine. Currently, different analytical techniques are used for BAs detection, as well as sample
treatment methods that allow greater sensitivity, higher analyzing speed and lower detection limits.
Moreover, BAs can be precursors of nitrosamines, which have been associated with mutagenic and
carcinogenic activity. This review aims to provide a general approach to the different detection
techniques of the BAs in foods, their concentrations and treatment methods.