bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUY HOẠCH KHÔNG GIAN PHÁT TRIỂN CAO SU VÀ CÀ PHÊ TẠI TỈNH KON TUM
Authors: Liêm Nguyễn Duy , Duyên Trần Thị Mỹ
Published: May 2020

Nghiên cứu nhằm thành lập bản đồ thích nghi tự nhiên, kinh tế, và đề xuất vùng phát triển cho cây cao su và cà phê tại tỉnh Kon Tum sử dụng phương pháp hạn chế lớn nhất của FAO, phân tích lợi ích chi phí và Hệ thống Thông tin Địa lý (Geographic Information System - GIS). Dựa trên yêu cầu sinh thái của từng loại cây và điều kiện tự nhiên tại vùng nghiên cứu, các yếu tố được lựa chọn đánh giá gồm loại đất, tầng dày, độ cao, độ dốc, thành phần cơ giới, khả năng tưới, lượng mưa, độ ẩm, nhiệt độ, số tháng khô hạn, và số giờ nắng. Kết quả đánh giá thích nghi tự nhiên đối với cao su và cà phê cho thấy, trên 85% diện tích của tỉnh không thích nghi (do hạn chế về thổ nhưỡng, địa hình, và khí hậu), diện tích thích nghi kém chiếm dưới 15%, phân bố dọc theo các con sông lớn. Tuy nhiên, về khía cạnh kinh tế, trên 95% diện tích thích nghi tự nhiên có mức thích nghi kinh tế cao (B/C > 2) đối với cao su, cà phê vối và trung bình (1 ≤ B/C ≤ 2) đối với cà phê chè (Benefit/Cost - B/C). Đối chiếu với bản đồ hiện trạng sử dụng đất năm 2005 và định hướng phát triển cao su và cà phê đến năm 2020, nhận thấy tiềm năng mở rộng diện tích hai loại cây này trên địa bàn tỉnh còn khá lớn. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu, cho thấy việc tích hợp phương pháp đánh giá đất đai của FAO, phân tích lợi íchchi phí và GIS giúp xác định nhanh chóng, chính xác vùng thích hợp phát triển nhóm cây công nghiệp lâu năm, qua đó hỗ trợ công tác quy hoạch không gian phát triển nhóm cây này theo đúng định hướng đã đề ra của tỉnh.
ƯỚC TÍNH HỆ SỐ CÂY TRỒNG CỦA MỘT SỐ LOẠI CÂY TRỒNG TẠI KHU VỰC THƯỢNG NGUỒN HỒ XUÂN HƯƠNG, THÀNH PHỐ ĐÀ LẠT
Authors: Thuận Nguyễn Thị Thanh , Lý Chế Đình , Hằng Hồ Thị
Published: May 2020

Áp dụng phương pháp Lysimeter kết hợp với mô hình CROPWAT, hệ số cây trồng của hai loại rau (cải thảo, bắp cải) và ba loại hoa (hoa cúc, cát tường, và hoa ly) canh tác tại khu vực thượng nguồn Hồ Xuân Hương, thành phố Đà Lạt đã được xác định. Trong các loại cây trồng nghiên cứu, cải thảo có hệ số cây trồng thấp nhất ở cả ba giai đoạn đầu vụ, giữa vụ, và cuối vụ (tương ứng 0.3, 1.25, và 0.81). Hoa cúc có hệ số cây trồng ở giai đoạn giữa vụ lớn nhất (Kcmid = 1.4), tiếp đến là bắp cải (Kcmid = 1.3), cải thảo, hoa ly, và hoa cát tường có Kcmid xấp xỉ nhau (tương ứng 1.25, 1.27, và 1.25). Ở giai đoạn cuối vụ hoa cúc vẫn thể hiện được nhu cầu nước lớn với hệ số Kcend = 1.07, tiếp đến là hoa ly (1.05) và hoa cát tường (1.00), trong khi đó cải thảo và cải bắp có hệ số cây trồng ở giai đoạn này chỉ nằm ở mức 0.81 và 0.93. Có sự chênh lệch này là do đối với các loại cây trồng thuộc nhóm hoa vẫn cần nhiều nước để vừa đáp ứng nhu cầu thoát nước của lá và cung cấp nước cho quá trình nở của hoa. Một khi đã có được hệ số cây trồng, việc tính toán nhu cầu nước sẽ trở nên cực kỳ đơn giản thông qua phương trình tương quan giữa hệ số cây trồng, lượng bốc hơi mặt ruộng tham khảo, và lượng bốc hơi mặt ruộng thực. Thông qua đó, ta có thể có kế hoạch tưới tiêu hiệu quả giúp quản lý nguồn nước tưới tốt hơn.
Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration
Authors: Loozen Gyllion B , Karuna Arnica , Fanood Mohammad M R , Schreuder Erik , Caro Jacob
Published: May 2020

We realized integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy of particles in a fluid. In these devices, multiple beams directed towards the device center lead to a local field enhancement around this center and thus counteract the effect of light concentration near the facets, which is a disadvantage of dual-waveguide traps. Thus, a trapping region is created around the center, where a single particle of a size in a wide range can be trapped and studied spectroscopically, free from the influence of surfaces. We report the design (including simulations), fabrication and performance demonstration for multi-waveguide devices, using our Si3N4 waveguiding platform as the basis. The designed ridge waveguides, optimized for trapping and Raman spectroscopy, emit narrow beams. Multiple waveguides arranged around the central microbath result from fanning out of a single input waveguide using Y-splitters. A second waveguiding layer is implemented for detection of light scattered by the trapped particle. For reliable filling of the device with sample fluid, microfluidic considerations lead to side channels of the microbath, to exploit capillary forces. The interference of the multiple beams produces an array of hot spots around the bath center, each forming a local trap. This property is clearly confirmed in the experiments and is registered in videos. We demonstrate the performance of a 2-waveguide and a 16-waveguide device, using 1 and 3 μm polystyrene beads. Study of the confined Brownian motion of the trapped beads yields experimental values of the normalized trap stiffness for the in-plane directions. The stiffness values for the 16-waveguide device are comparable to those of tightly focused Gaussian beam traps and are confirmed by our own simulations. The Raman spectra of the beads (in this work measured via an objective) show clear peaks that are characteristic of polystyrene. In the low-wavenumber range, the spectra have a background that most likely originates from the Si3N4 waveguides.
QUASI STATIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COCONUT SHELL OF DEHUSKED MATURE NUTS
Authors: E. E. Sudaria  , D. C. Suministrado
Published: May 2020

The experiment            was conducted to determine the (1) cracking, shearing, bending and tensile stresses of coconut shell at different positions of dehusked mature nut; (2) hardness of the coconut shell at different positions of dehusked mature nut; and (3) cracking streBB Of the dehusked mature coconut at different positions.

 

The range values of the parameters under study were as follows: cracking stress of the coconut shell, 3,345, 083.2‑5, 397, 828.3 kg/m2; shearing stress of coconut shell, 574,984.9‑1, 258,830.9 kg/m2; bending stress of the coconut shell, 1,775,213.1‑ 23,463,299.9 kg/m2 , tensile stress of the coconut shell, 61,801.9‑259,003.3 kg/m2, hardness of the coconut shell, 150C51.5-­150C57.6; and the cracking stress of the dehusked mature nut, 280,104.0‑440,277.7 kg/m2.

 

The combined average stresses on bending, shearing, tensile, cracking of coconut shell, and cracking of dehusked mature nut revealed no significant difference on stresses at any positions of the dehusked mature nut. This suggests that nuts could be splitted at any position without significant difference on power expenditure. For the design of the splitter machine, cracking stress of the coconut shell should be viewed very well since this parameter had the highest stress.
WITH CAP REFORMS AND GATT: GREATER MARKET ACCESS FOR COCONUT PRODUCTS?
Authors: Aurora Alarde Regalado
Published: May 2020

The coconut industry is undeniably an important feature in the economies of the Asia‑Pacific region. It is an important source of income and food. In Vanuatu, this industry contributes 41% to its total export earnings; 7.10% in the Philippines; and 8.91% in the Solomon Islands in 1992. This industry also provides sustenance to the people of Indonesia, Malaysia, India and Sri Lanka. Coconuts are major ingredients in many food preparations in these countries.
SOME RELATIONSHIPS ASSOCIATED WITH THE BROWN FIBRE INDUSTRY OF SRI LANKA
Authors: S. B. Ratnayake
Published: May 2020

Export onented brownfibre industry of Sn Lanka has been sustained during the last two decades with periodic fluctuations in the annual voluntes, showing a nett decline towards later years. The level of export volume in the past years show a strong correlation with the number of drought days in the coconut area during the particular year. The increased exportscan be expected to result in withdrawal of husk available for ap­plication in moisture conservation of the culti­vated lands. Yhe effect would be aggravated by most exports being effected in the drought years. High incidence offibre expons, as it seenu when viewed against the annual crop pattern, lead to a drop in the harvests of thefollowing years. Means of avoiding the damage, thus caused while maintaining a satisfactory level of exports, maybe the primary factor to be concerned with, in planning future develop­ment programmes.
COMPARATIVE INVESTMENT ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDED COCONUT HYBRIDS/CULTIVARS FOR THE NATIONAL PLANTING/REPLANTING PRO¬GRAM IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: G. A. Santos  , S. M. Rivera  , R. L. Rivera  , G. B. Baylon  , B.V. dela Cruz
Published: May 2020

Comparative investment analysis was done on the eight coconut hybridsl cultivars under the Zamboanga condition using the Mul­tiple Budget (MULBUD) program. The, study aims to ovaluate and com­pare the economic profitability qf coconut hybrids/cultivars under two planting schemes and determine the best genetic materials that will provide the highest economic returns to coconut farmers. Analysis of the recommended varieties was also done using different product groups and coco‑based enterprises. The economic performance of each coconut hybrids1cultivars was measured using investment indicators like SNPV, BCR, and IRR.

 

With copra and shell as products under the new planting scheme, the use of PCA recommended local hybrids and BAY is a more profitable investment compared with MAWA and the other tall populations. In general, the profit‑ability of coconut hybrids and cultivars was enhanced under the replanting scheme. Break even point was attained at year one due to the value of coconut timber obtained from the old stand.

 

Results further indicated that the use of local hybrids and BAY is the best starting point in increasing farm income. However, higher returns were obtained when product utilization are diversified and coco‑based enter‑ prises are incorporated.
DIKIRI POL: FALLACIES, FACTS AND THE FUTURE
Authors: R.R.A. Peries
Published: May 2020

The occurrenee of a dikiri type endospenn the porapol and kamandala forms of the vatiety (Typica), has led to the advancement of the hypoth­esis that dikiri is not a form of coconut with in the Typica vadety, but merely a kernel type, which can occur in any tall form of coconut. The argumentis also made that from an evolutionary point of view, the daid kernel is the manifestation for an undesirable allele, which has been made use of by man for his advantage. A review of the literature examines the mechanism of occurrenee of the dikiri charader and the explanation offered on the aber­rant condition of the dikiri kernel.
THE DISTRIBUTION, IMPORTANCE, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL, OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA (L.) K.& R.A MAJOR WEED SPECIES OF COCONUT PLANTATION IN SRI LANKA
Authors: T.G.L.G. Gunasekara
Published: May 2020

Chromolaena odorata (1.) K. & R. is a tropical peren­nial weed species qf the Asteraceae family that has be­come a serious problem in coconut plantations in Sri Lanka and in the tropics of Asia and Africa. The history of distribution, habitat and economic importance is summarized The botanical features and seed biology of this species are presented in this review Finally in­formation on the control measures such as mechanical, cultural, chemical and biological methods is discussed.
FLOWERING AND YIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF MACAPUNO-BEARING DWARF X TALL COCONUT HYBRIDS
Authors: T. C. Nunez  , V. M. de Paz
Published: May 2020

Three macapuno-bearing dwarf x tall coconut hybrid trees were observed to exhibit some characteristics influenced by the dwarf female parents. Flowering started as early as 39 to 57 months after planting. Intraspadix overlapping of 43 to 100% was also recorded suggesting moderate to high degree of self pollination.

 

Macapuno yield ranged from 0-50% per bunch. The nuts resemble the female parents in form but were generally heavier. They were all classified as type l macapuno.

 

Binomial test showed goodness of fit to 3:1 ratio of normal to macapuno nuts.
THE SPACING REQUIREMENT OF COCONUTS ON ATOLLS: RESULTS FROM FOUR SYSTEMATIC SPACING TRIALS IN KIRIBATI
Authors: J. J. F. BARR  , K. TREWREN
Published: May 2020

Four systematic spacing trials were planted between 1969 and 1973 on three islands in the Republic of Kiribati which have contrasting regimes of rainfall, in order to investigate the spacing requirements of coconuts in relation to rainfall (under atoll conditions). Two of the trials are on Kiritimati, which has an annual average rainfall of only 870 mm; one is on Tarawa which receives 2043 mm, and the fourth is on Butaritari which receives 3185 mm. Three of the trials are in the form of an almost complete wheel, whilst the fourth consists off our fan-shaped sectors. The range of planting densities in all trials was from 126 to, 632palms per hectare, in 12 treatments.

 

Due to discontinuity of staff only one of the trials on Kiritimati was recorded during the period in which the coconuts came into, bearing but this showed fairly clearly that there is a relationship between precocity and planting density, with the palms coming into production earlier at the wider spacing.

 

During the period of maximum cropping of the palms the optimum planting density under conditions of 870 mm annual rainfall is outside of the range of densities covered by the trials, and somewhat less than 126 palms per hectare.
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT CONDITION ON THE POPULATION OF BRONTISPA LONGISSIMA GESTRO AND ITS PREDATOR CHELISOCHES SPP. IN NORTH LAMPUNG
Authors: Willy A. Baringbing  , Bariyah Baringbing
Published: May 2020

A field study to investigate the effects of environment conditions on the population density of the coconut hispid Brontispa longissima Gestro and its predotor Forficulid Chelisoches spp. was carried out in Sin ar Saerang mandiri (SSM) coconut plantation and its surrounding area, North Lampung, in May 1993. 120 trees taken at random with 1,200 still folded leaflets in 4 locations, 300 palms each, in the SW garden were observed. Another 120 trees, also taken at random, in similar patterns as that of the S.W were studied. Chemical treatments were conducted regularly in the XSM area but none in the surrounding area.

 

Results of the study showed that B. Longissma and its predator Chelisoches populations were found to be higher in the S.W.' garden than that of the surrounding coconut plantation. Those species of Chelisoches outside the garden and only one inside the area.
STUDIES ON CHELONUS SP. THE PARASITE OF THE COCONUT MOTH BATRACHEDRA ARENOSELLA WALKER
Authors: Wily A. Baringbing  , Bariyah Baringbing
Published: May 2020

An experiment was conducted at a coconut pest laboratory at Nita, elevation 250 m, Sikka regency, Flores island, province of East Nusa Tenggara, to study mass production of Chelonus parasite by using Phthorimaea operculella Zeller as its host, in an effort to control the coconut moth, Batrachedra arenosella Walker, biologically. Results of the experiment showed that the parasite could be produced in laboratory by using P. operculella as the host and a 10% solution of honey as food for both parasite and the adult host. A female parasite gave an average of 14 offspning during their lives with a sex ratio of 2.27:1, between male and female. The sex ratio of the same parasite in the field with B. arenosella as its host was 1:1. The incubation period of the parasite in laboratory was 26 days for males and 27 days for females. The sex ratio of the moth in the field as 1: 1.26.
HOST RESISTANCE IN COCONUT LEAVES AGAINST LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE CAUSED BY PESTALOTIOPSIS PALMARUM (COOKE) STEY
Authors: A. Karthikeyan  , R. Bhaskaran
Published: May 2020

Total and Ortho dihydroxy were more in younger coconut leaves as compared to the older leaves. Seven phenolic compounds were detected in younger leaves while the older leaves had only six phenolic compounds except chlorogenic acid Phenolic compounds inhibited the mycelial growth and Sporulation of P. palmarum. The quantity of sugars, starch and cellulose were lesser in younger leaves. Carbohydrates increased the mycelial growth and sporulation of the pathogen.
WATER RELATION, GAS EXCHANGE AND DRY MATTER PRODUCTION OF COCONUT (COCOS NUCIFERA, L.) UNDER UNIRRIGATED AND IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
Authors: K.V. Kasturi Bai  , V. Rajagopal  , D. Balasimha  , P. Gopalasudaram
Published: May 2020

The response of local West Coast Tall (WCT) and the two hybrids viz., WCT x Chowghat Orange dwarf (COD) and COD x WCT to moisture availability in terms of water relation, gas exchange and dry matter (DM) production was studied. Discernible differences were noticed between the irrigation treatment (viz., irrigated vs unirrigated) with lower stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in the palms with out irrigation. Irrespective of the cultivar of hybrid leaf water potential was also significantly higher in irrigated palms. Net assimilation rate was lower under uniriigated condition. However genotypic or treatment differences were not significant. Annual DM production also vaned markedly between the irrigation treatments. Treatment differences were significant on the reproductive (RDM) rather then vegetative DM (VDM) production. Under the irrigation treatment the hybrids performed better than the local tall However the percentage reduction in the DM production was relatively less in the local WCT cultivar under unirrigated as compared with irrigated condition. The studies clearly highlighted the beneficial effects of irrigation on DM production and yield in coconut and the adaptability of the local WCT variety under limited water supply than the two hybrids.
BIOTYPICAL VARIABILITY AMONG FOUR POPULATIONS OF RED PALM WEEVIL RHYNCHOPHORUS FERRUGIAEUS FAB/OLIV. FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF INDIA
Authors: C.P. Ramachandran
Published: May 2020

The red palm weevil rhpichophorus ferrugineus FAB/OLIV is a very serious and dreaded pest of coconut, date and other palms. Being an internal feeder the weevil incidence is detected at a very late stage when the tree has succumbed to weevil attack. Hence conventional control operations may not be very effective. The biotypical variability of the four populations collected from different parts of India showed that the populations are genetically different and strainal variability exists between them. Variations in sex ratio and deleterious genetic effect were observed in the crosses and reciprocal crosses. The weevil has a very high fitness due to high production potential and the absence of effective parasites, predators and pathogens. In spite of the high fitness, in endemic areas weevil population tend to remain at certain levels of intensity. This may be due to certain limiting factors.
AN INVESTIGATION TOWARDS DEVELOPING A MOLECULAR APPROACH TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF COCONUT BREEDING BY RAPD-MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION
Authors: J.M.D.T. Everard
Published: May 2020

Tall, dwarf green and San Ramon are three phenotypically distinct forms of coconut, currently used for production of hybrid seeds in Sri Lanka. Development of molecular markers for further improvement of important economic traits of these hybrids was thought important due to various constraints faced by conventional breeders. Sixty random primers (OPERON) were used for generation of RAPD profiles using DNA from 3 individuals of each form. All the sixty primers except one (OPC3) yielded RAPD-PCR products with coconut DNA. They generated a total of 326 consistently amplified bands of which 54 distinguished tall, dwarf green and San Ramon. Among RAPDs detected 16 and 8 were specific to tall and dwarf respectively, 18 distinguished dwarf and San Ramon from tall, 9 distinguished tall and San Ramon from dwarf and 3 distinguished tall and dwarf green from San Ramon. It is expected to study the segregation of these markers in F2 populations derived from tall x dwarf green and tall x San Ramon F1 palms.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN COCONUT
Authors: K.V.A. Bavappa
Published: May 2020

In the context of the fast reducing land‑to‑man ratio in the tropics, cropping systems which can integrate a variety of highly productive plant species and animals with human beings will have to be developed. Coconut having many favourable attributes is ideally suited for homestead farming under diverse situations. Its response to good management particularly fertilizer applica­tion and irrigation is indeed very good. Yield increases of the or­der of 84% due to manuring and 216% due to manuring and irrigation have been obtained in the native West Coast Tall. In coconut hybrids not only Wgher yields have been realised but better utilisation efficiency of native and applied nutrients obser­ved, making them highly suited for improving the economic viability of small holdings. The potential that coconut offers for mixed cropping with a variety of crops, and mixed farming is very high. High density cropping in coconut plantations is also feasible. The cost benefit of some of the coconut based cropping systems have been presented, and the low productivity of coconut observed in majority of the coconut growing countries discussed keeping in view the remedial. measures that can be thought of for the existing maladies.
IDENTIFICATION OF ROOT (WILT) DISEASED COCONUT PALMS BEFORE VISUAL SYMPTOM EXPRESSION
Authors: V. Rajagoval  , B. Sumathykuttyamma
Published: May 2020

Determination of stomatal resistance (rs) and leaf water potential (ψ) were employed as techniques to distinguish coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) devoid of foliar symptoms ('apparently healthy') from those with symptorns of wilt disease viz. flaccidity, yellowing and necrosis ('wilt diseased'). Infected palms are characterized by low stomatal diffusive resistance and reduction in leaf water potential. Among the apparently healthy palms, some exhibited high rs and high ψ, characteristic of truly healthy palms, while others had the trend similar to the 'wilt' diseased palms. The latter group of palms was considered as disease 'suspects' and was closely monitored for the symptom expression. In about 10 to 14 months, all the palms 'suspected' to be diseased had the visual symptoms of the disease.
INTEGRATION OF PASTURE, FODDER AND CATTLE IN COCONUT SMALL HOLDINGS
Authors: L V K Liyanage  , H P S Jayasundera  , D T Mathes  , D N S Fernando
Published: May 2020

A farming system was established in a 45 year old coconut plantation at Rathmalagara Estate, Madampe, in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of an integrated farming system in relation to coconut production and productivity of land.

 

Results inclicate that there has been no adverse effect on coconut and copra production clue to the establishment of the integrated system. The substitution of inorganic fertilizer mainly nitrogen and partly phosphorus and potassium through the integration of animals, fodder and pasture system did not affect the critical levels of nutrients in coconut leaves of treatment plots. Furthermore, feed supply through pasture/fodder in the system was adequate for cattle throughout. In terms of animal perfor­mance the average live weight gains were 306 g/head/day at the end of the first year. The most remarkable feature was that the integrated system reduced the cost of inorganic fertilizer for coconut by 69%, thus reducing the cost of production of coconut. Based on the overall results it is suggested that the integrated system is more productive and beneficial than a monoculture system to coconut small holdings.
FLOWERING AND YIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF MACAPUNO BEARING DWARF X TALL COCONUT HYBRIDS
Authors: T. C. Nunez  , V. M. de Paz
Published: May 2020

Three macapuno‑bearing dwarf x tall coconut hybrid trees were observed to exhibit some characteristics influenced by the dwarf female parents. Flowering started as early as 39 to 57 months after planting. Intraspadix overlapping of 43 to 100% was also recorded suggesting moderate to high degree of self pollination.

 

Macapuno yield ranged from 0‑50% per bunch. The nuts resem­ble the female parents in form but were generally heavier. They were all classified as type l macapuno.

 

Binomial test showed goodness of fit to 3:1 ratio of normal to macapuno nuts.
WORLD MARKET CONDITIONS, GOVERNMENT POLICY AND THE COCONUT INDUSTRY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Eric L. Hyman, Ph. D
Published: May 2020

The Philippines has the largest planted area of coconuts in the world and this crop provides a significant amount of income and employment for smallholders and landless laborers. Nearly all of the coconut harvested is converted into copra for subsequent processing. The bulk of production is exported as crude coconut oil for industrial uses and copra cake for animal feed. Most of the rest goes into refined, edible oil for the domestic market. The industry is subject to major oscillations in supply and demand from year to year. Production is dominated by large‑scale firms currently operating at a low capacity use rate. Real prices may trend downward in the long run due to expanded production from an expansion in the planted area and greater reliance on high‑yield varieties, substitution of other oils, and trade policies of importing countries.
RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE (Common Salt) FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND LEAF NUTRIENTS, OF COCONUTS, GROWN ON AN INLAND SOIL OF DAVAO (Mindanao, Philippines)
Authors: S.S. MAGAT  , J.A. HABANA  , L.M. ALFORJA
Published: May 2020

The beneficial residual effects of the previous regular applications of sodium chloride fertilizers on mature coconuts were evaluated in a long‑term experiment conducted in an inland Tugbok soil (typic Tropudalfs) of Davao, Mindanao (Philippilines). Sodium chloride (common salt) at increpasing rates of 0.0, 0.88, 1.76, 3.52. and 7.04 kg/tree per tree was tested.,

 

At higher rates of NaCl fertilizer (1.76‑7.04 kg/tree per year) applied regularly for 5 years, the residual respofise in terms of nuts and copra yield tended to, occur for a longer period of 5 years. Except soil Na, soil. properties were not significantly affected by NaCl application.

 

Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to sound coconut crop agronomy and soil management.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL, FUNCTIONAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN EXTRACTED FROM DESICCATED COCONUT
Authors: F. Rasyid  , P. M. T. Hansen
Published: May 2020

Coconut protein (CNP) was extracted from desiccated coconut in 1.0 M sodium chloride (1:15), precipitated by HCI, ultra filtered, and freeze‑dried. The physicochemical, functional, and sensory characteristics of the material were compared with those of soy protein. The composition and chemical analyses included measurements of protein, fat, moisture, carbohydrate, ash, minerals, and amino acids. Other measurements included determination of die contents of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups, hydrophobicity values, and electrophoretic patterns of CNP and soy protein. The bulk density of the protein preparations was also measured. Chemical analyses showed that CNP was comparable in overall composition to the reference soy protein with the exception of high sodium content (4.7%). Amino acid analysis revealed a higher content of arginine and a lower content of aspartic acid and lysine. A test for relatedness among, proteins (S ΔQ) showed very little similarity between the amino acid profiles of the two protein entities. CNP was found to be more hydrophobic than soy protein and contained slightly less sulthydryl and disulfide groups. The disparity in the above values was reflected in dissimilarity in the electrophoretic patterns between CNP and soy protein. CNP exhibited a lower solubility but possessed a similar water binding and a higher lipid absorption capacity than soy protein. Sensory evaluation using crackers prepared with different amounts of the two proteins showed that crackers with added CNP were preferred over crackers with added soy protein. The overall results of this study suggest a potential use of CNP as an alternative protein source to soy protein for use in manufactured foods where solubility is not a critical factor.
Coincident Sunyaev–Zel’dovich and Gamma-Ray Signals from Cluster Virial Shocks
Authors: Keshet Uri , Reiss Ido , Hurier Guillaume
Published: May 2020

Virial shocks around galaxy clusters are expected to show a cutoff in the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) signal, coincident with a leptonic ring. However, until now, leptonic virial signals have only been reported in Coma and in stacked Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) clusters, and an SZ virial shock signal reported only in A2319. We point out that a few clusters—presently Coma, A2319, and A2142—already show a significant (

) sharp drop in the Planck y parameter near the virial radius, coincident with a (2.2σ–3.9σ) LAT γ-ray excess. These signatures are naturally interpreted as tracers of the virial shocks of these clusters, at joint medium to high confidence levels. The electron acceleration rates inferred from the γ-rays are consistent with previous measurements. The combined signal, along with galaxy count data, allows a separate measurement of the ∼0.5% (with a factor of ∼2 uncertainty) acceleration efficiency and of the accretion rate. Lower limits on order of a few are imposed on the shock Mach numbers.
Photometric Variability of T Tauri S as a Probe for Circumstellar Material
Authors: Köhler Rainer , Kubiak Karolina
Published: May 2020

The irregular photometric variability of the triple system T Tauri has been puzzling since its discovery. A circumbinary disk around T Tau Sa and Sb can explain the recent brightness fluctuations of T Tau Sb, due to changes in extinction depending on the position of T Tau Sb in its orbit. The photometric variations and orbital motion of T Tau Sb indicate a position angle of the disk of ∼30°. Combined with information from the literature, we estimate its inclination to be ∼60° or more.
An Extremely Temporary Co-orbital: The Dynamical State of Active Centaur 2019 LD2
Authors: Kareta Theodore , Volk Kathryn , Noonan John W. , Sharkey Benjamin N. L. , Harris Walter M. , Reddy Vishnu
Published: May 2020

We investigate the recent and future orbital evolution of the solar system small body 2019 LD2 (hereafter “LD2”), which was recently found to show cometary activity. While LD2's orbit initially looks similar to that of a Jupiter Trojan, numerical integrations show that it is only co-orbital with Jupiter for approximately a single orbit around the Sun. This would classify LD2 as an active Centaur, but we stress this object remains unique; within the next ∼40–50 years LD2 is likely to become a Jupiter Family Comet, offering an opportunity to observe this critical transition.
Resolving a Workforce Crisis in the U.S. Roofing Industry
Authors: Schehl John G.
Published: May 2020

The National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA), a nonprofit construction trade association established in 1886, was challenged to find a solution to overcome a severe industry workforce shortage that emerged as the economy recovered from the great recession. The NRCA leadership, staff, and other industry stakeholders focused on developing strategies to address the workforce crisis head-on and committed resources to develop a series of performance-based programs to overcome the crisis. The new initiatives relied on limited U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data to support development decisions. Aware that the available BLS data was insufficient, NRCA commissioned the Arizona State University (ASU) to conduct the roofing industry's first ever comprehensive demographics research study. New data gleaned from the research changed not only NRCA's approach to resolving the workforce crisis, but it may potentially change how the entire roofing industry operates.
Artificial Intelligence Based on Biological Neurons
Authors: Galiautdinov Rinat
Published: May 2020

The chapter describes the new approach in artificial intelligence based on simulated biological neurons and creation of the neural circuits for the sphere of IoT which represent the next generation of artificial intelligence and IoT. Unlike existing technical devices for implementing a neuron based on classical nodes oriented to binary processing, the proposed path is based on simulation of biological neurons, creation of biologically close neural circuits where every device will implement the function of either a sensor or a “muscle” in the frame of the home-based live AI and IoT. The research demonstrates the developed nervous circuit constructor and its usage in building of the AI (neural circuit) for IoT.
Comparison Analysis of MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Samant Tapaswini , Kumar Yelithoti Sravana , Swayamsiddha Swati
Published: May 2020

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are rapidly emerging as an interesting and challenging area of research in the field of communication engineering. This review work is different from other state-of-the-art literature as the MAC protocols discussed here are applicable both for homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. Performances like energy efficiency, cost optimization, throughput, bandwidth utilization, and scalability of the sensor network depend on MAC protocols, which are application-based. In the study, the authors have surveyed different MAC protocols with different merits and demerits. Based on the study, it is very hard to recommend any particular protocol as a standard for implementation as these are exclusively application dependent. The work can be further extended in terms of hybrid protocols, which may carry the advantages of the respective protocols along with energy-efficient criteria for practical implementation. Further cooperative WSN communication can be used for internet of things (IoT)-based systems, where the node placements and multi-operations concepts are of main concern.
A Journey Worth Traveling
Authors: Scott-Johnson Pamela E. , Leggett-Robinson Pamela M.
Published: May 2020

Women of color have historically been underrepresented across the sciences. Neuroscience is no exception. Unfortunately, few studies have examined or shed light on how the dual presence of race and gender affects the educational and professional experiences of African American women in science. This chapter will reflect upon the journey of being an African American woman of science (psychology and neuroscience) in the academy and the blessings not abundantly clear. Through a critical lens, recognizing how the journey would have been more difficult without the supportive network of individual and the critical importance of Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Understanding the context of the times and the need to develop networks that facilitate success of future generations of African American female scholars is crucial.
Operationalization of Circular Economy
Authors: Dieguez Teresa
Published: May 2020

The arguments for growth, inequality and persistent poverty, climate change, and finite resources call for stronger sustainable development policies, from both developed and developing countries. Situations of more or less (un)sustainability that encourage the idea of finding reasonable ways out of humanity's desire for progress can be conceived. The economy is nowadays mainly based on the called linear economy, which demands a paradigm shift within public administration, companies, and citizens must be committed. The present study has the main goal to understand how entrepreneurship and business have shaped the sustainability and the circular economy model requirements. It also aims to review important concepts like circular economy, sustainable development, sustainable entrepreneurship, servitization, and product-service system. A hypothetical conceptual model for the operationalization of the circular economy model is proposed. Finally, some discussion is done, future research is suggested, and conclusions are presented.
Circular Economy Model for the E-Waste Management Sector
Authors: Baragde Dileep Baburao , Jadhav Amit Uttam
Published: May 2020

The circular economy (CE) model has become highly relevant in recent years, with the electronics industry being one of the divisions that have thought about its application. Regardless of just a constrained measure of writing being accessible on waste electric and electronic equipment (e-waste), electronic waste or e-waste is a developing and quickly developing test for waste administration in the world. E-waste is a term for electronic items that have turned out to be undesirable, non-working, or outdated, and have basically come to the 'part of the arrangement', inside only a couple of brief years, given the quick innovative advances inside the business. E-waste is created from anything electronic —PCs, TVs, screens, PDAs, PDAs, VCRs, CD players, fax machines, printers, and coolers— and is commonly broken into two classes, information technology (IT) and consumer electronics (CE), on account of divergent systems and technologies required for recycling these products.
Entrepreneurial Motivation to Participate in the Circular Economy
Authors: Reddy Colin David
Published: May 2020

Strong ecological values define the desire of individuals to exploit business opportunities in the circular economy. However, strong ecological values are unlikely to contribute to strong individual motivation when individuals sense that it is not feasible to exploit such opportunities. This chapter develops this argument conceptually using expectancy theory. Expectancy theory suggests that individuals derive their motivation from strong perceptions of both desirability and feasibility. Understanding an entrepreneur's motivation to participate in the circular economy is important for attempts at entrepreneurial development in this alternative economy. Policies as well as education and training programs must consider instilling the required ecological values in citizens as well as giving attention to technological, market, cultural, and regulatory constraints that render CE opportunities infeasible.
Bainitic Cast Irons with Nanosized Particles
Authors: Kaleicheva Julieta Atanasova , Mishev Valentin Plamenov , Karaguiozova Zdravka Kirilova
Published: May 2020

In the present study austempered ductile irons (ADI) with lower bainitic structure are investigated. Nanosized particles (50nm) of titanium carbonitride + titanium nitride TiCN+TiN and titanium nitride TiN are added to the casting volume. The samples microstructure is studied by optical metallography and X-Ray analysis. The influence of the nanosized additives on the kinetics of the bainitic transformation and on the morphology of the bainitic structure is investigated. The abrasive wear testing, hardness measurements and impact strength are carried out. It is established that the presence of nanoadditives in the bainitic cast irons leads to the changes in their microstructure which increases their mechanical characteristics and abrasive wear resistance. The studied nanocomposite materials expand the potential for new ADI applications in the industry.
Polymer Based Injection Mould Cavity Inserts: An Influence on Crystallization and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Injection Moulded Parts
Authors: Češková Martina , Lenfeld Petr
Published: May 2020

Injection moulding is a major used technology in mass production of high-quality plastic and composite parts. Once the initial costs have been paid the price per produced part is extremely low and part is then created up to million times. On the other hand, the product development process is time-consuming and costly due to preparation time. Therefore, the efficiency and similarity to real production are essential. Injection moulding into polymer injection mould cavity inserts appears to be an appropriate step in the product development process in particular concerning quickly developing additive manufacturing technologies. Though polymers are thermal insulators, therefore, cooling time is longer compared to injection into fully metal moulds. The impact of different cooling conditions is a change in the crystallization of injected material causing different mechanical properties of products. Removable injection mould cavity inserts were made from PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), PEEK (Polyether ether ketone), PSU (Polysulfone) and PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene). The main goal was to compare crystallization and thermo‑mechanical properties of injected PP (Polypropylen) parts into polymer cavity inserts to those injected into a steel mould.
Modification of the Sliding Joint in Equipment Tribotestor M`89
Authors: Oravcová Jarmila , Labašová Eva
Published: May 2020

This work deals with the modification of the equipment Tribotestor. The equipment was originally designed to measure the friction coefficient of sliding bearings. The structural modification of the attachment of the sliding node has expanded its use. The equipment now also allows to measure the parameters of sliding nodes, which consist of a plane surface and a cylindrical surface. Correctness of this modification was verifieded by the experimental tests performed on several samples.
Cutting Edge: STAT1-Mediated Epigenetic Control of Rsad2 Promotes Clonal Expansion of Antiviral NK Cells
Authors: Wiedemann Gabriela M. , Geary Clair D. , Lau Colleen M. , Sun Joseph C.
Published: May 2020

NK cells represent a cellular component of innate immunity but possess features of adaptive immunity, including clonal expansion and establishment of long-lived memory following infection. During mouse CMV (MCMV) infection, we observed Rsad2 (which encodes Viperin) to be among the most highly induced IFN stimulatory genes in activated NK cells, correlating with increased chromatin accessibility at the Rsad2 gene locus. Furthermore, in NK cells stimulated with IFN-α, the promoter region of Rsad2 was enriched for STAT1 binding and the permissive histone mark H3K4me3. IFN-αR– and STAT1-deficient NK cells showed an impairment of Rsad2 induction and chromatin accessibility during MCMV infection. Finally, Rsad2-deficient NK cells were defective in clonal expansion and memory formation following exposure to MCMV, in part because of greater apoptosis. Thus, our study reveals a critical mechanism of STAT1-mediated epigenetic control of Rsad2 to promote the adaptive behavior of NK cells during viral infection.
CCL17 in Inflammation and Pain
Authors: Lee Kevin M.-C. , Jarnicki Andrew , Achuthan Adrian , Fleetwood Andrew J. , Anderson Gary P. , Ellson Christian , Feeney Maria , Modis Louise K. , Smith Julia E. , Hamilton John A. , Cook Andrew
Published: May 2020

It has been reported that a GM-CSF→CCL17 pathway, originally identified in vitro in macrophage lineage populations, is implicated in the control of inflammatory pain, as well as arthritic pain and disease. We explore, in this study and in various inflammation models, the cellular CCL17 expression and its GM-CSF dependence as well as the function of CCL17 in inflammation and pain. This study used models allowing the convenient cell isolation from Ccl17E/+ reporter mice; it also exploited both CCL17-dependent and unique CCL17-driven inflammatory pain and arthritis models, the latter permitting a radiation chimera approach to help identify the CCL17 responding cell type(s) and the mediators downstream of CCL17 in the control of inflammation and pain. We present evidence that 1) in the particular inflammation models studied, CCL17 expression is predominantly in macrophage lineage populations and is GM-CSF dependent, 2) for its action in arthritic pain and disease development, CCL17 acts on CCR4+ non–bone marrow–derived cells, and 3) for inflammatory pain development in which a GM-CSF→CCL17 pathway appears critical, nerve growth factor, CGRP, and substance P all appear to be required.
Recycling of plaster of Paris
Authors: Shiyo Servas , Nagels Jozef , Shangali Harold G.
Published: May 2020

Background: Plaster of Paris (POP) is being used in different ways in the field of medicine, dentistry and rehabilitation. One of its uses is in the manufacture of models of body segments in prosthetics and orthotics. It is used as a one-off procedure in which the used material is dismantled and discarded. The disposal of discarded materials does not allow easy decomposition which then pollutes the environment. It is not known whether this material could be reused if recycled.Objectives: The main objective of the study was to recycle POP models and determine its reuse in producing models with identical qualities, and thus reduce environmental pollution.Method: The procedure adopted was to break discarded models into small pieces, remove impurities and dirt; then the sample models were milled, washed, dried and pulverised. The POP models were heated to evaporate crystalline water in order to determine for how many times it could be recycled while retaining the desired strength, setting time and working characteristics.Results: The recycled POP reached higher setting temperatures and was stronger in terms of compressive strain and strength than the virgin POP. The highest temperature recorded for recycled POP was 40°C, which was higher than that for virgin powder (32.5°C). Testing compressive strength of all cylinders in all groups showed that the average compressive strength of the recycled powder mixed with water in a ratio of 1:1 was 2407 KN/m² and the ratio of 2:3 resulted in a compressive strength of 1028 KN/m², whereas the average compressive strength of virgin POP powder mixed with water in a ratio of 1:1 was 1807 KN/m² and the ratio of 2:3 resulted in a compressive strength of 798 KN/m². There were no differences in working properties between the recycled POP and the virgin POP.Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that under controlled conditions, such as grinding size, heating temperature, time and avoidance of contamination, used POP could be continuously recycled, resulting in stronger and workable casts.
Revisiting the Efficiency of Indian Banking Sector: An Analysis of Comparative Models Through Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Tanwar Jyoti , Seth Himanshu , Vaish Arun Kumar , Rao N V M
Published: May 2020

This study examines the efficiency of the overall Indian banking industry using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and to perform a comparative efficiency analysis of public, private, and foreign banks using six varied forms. Also, providing ranks to the banks based on their efficiency. The study incorporates BCC output-oriented DEA model using a sample of 50 Indian banks (public banks = 17, private banks = 18, foreign banks = 15) for a period ranging from 2009-10 to 2018-19, hence incorporating the after-effects of the financial crisis and demonetization, this study uses panel data from 2009-10 to 2018-19. The results showed that most of the Indian banks fall on the efficient side or are near to full efficiency. However, public banks outperform private and foreign banks in terms of their average efficiency. Results also specify that the performance of banks is sensitive to input-output variables, units under evaluation, and choice of the model. The current study has just focused on the internal factors for analyzing the efficiency of Indian banks; however, certain external factors might also impact the banks’ efficiency.