bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atributos desejáveis para gramados a serem cultivados sob condições brasileiras: uma proposta
Authors: Souza Francisco Humberto Dübbern de , Gusmão Marcos Rafael , Matta Frederico De Pina , De Castro Ana Cecília Ribeiro , Mittelmann Andréa , Fávero Alessandra Pereira , Jank Liana
Published: September 2016

Turfgrass cultivation is a multi-purpose popular practice, associated with life quality of urban populations in consequence of its capability of providing safe, pleasant environments, suitable for recreational and sportive activities. Additionally, it plays relevant environmental functions. For these reasons, turfgrasses constitute an important segment of the agribusiness in many countries. In Brazil, the importance of this type of cultivation has increased in spite of the reduced number of available turfgrass cultivars. Research programs aiming the exploitation of his ample genetic diversity could promote Brazil to the forefront of this type of agriculture in the tropical world. In this work, we discussed and proposed degrees of relevance for different characteristics of grass plants destined for use as permanent ground coverage under a variety of Brazilian situations.
Armazenamento úmido e seco de rosas cortadas
Authors: Dias Gláucia Moraes , Sigrist José Maria Monteiro , Cia Patricia , Honório Sylvio Luís
Published: September 2016

Rosa sp. is the leading cut flower commercialized in Brazil and in the world; and to maintain stem quality it should be stored at 1 °C, however, there are still doubts about the storage of roses, especially whether the stems should be cold stored in water before marketing. In order to assess the feasibility of wet and dry storage, rose stems, ‘Avalanche’ were stored for 28 days in both conditions at 1 ± 2 °C / 95% RH. Weekly stems batches were transferred to 25 °C / 70% RH and kept in vessels containing tap water for postharvest assessment. It was observed that the decrease in the quality of the roses was inversely proportional to the storage time in both treatments. Although wet storage can occur for up to 21 days, when you need to store roses for a week or two, cold storage in dry condition is advised since it is more economical and viable for the producer.
O impacto dos acontecimentos significativos no processo terapêutico: Um estudo de caso de sucesso
Authors: Corrêa Andriza , Ribeiro Eugénia , Costa Sara
Published: September 2016

A investigação sobre os acontecimentos significativos tem como objetivo identificar e analisar os momentos mais produtivos em terapia, que contribuem para o avanço do cliente durante o processo terapêutico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever os impactos associados aos acontecimentos significativos, identificados pelo cliente e pelo terapeuta, ao longo de um caso de sucesso clínico. Utilizamos a metodologia de estudo de caso, procedendo a uma análise qualitativa dos impactos dos acontecimentos identificados em sessões de terapia cognitivo-comportamental. A versão portuguesa do questionário Helpful Aspects of Therapy foi administrada no final de cada sessão, para a recolha dos acontecimentos significativos e respectivos impactos. O resultado da terapia foi avaliado com base na versão portuguesa do Outcome Questionnaire. Analisamos qualitativamente e categorizamos o tipo de impacto percebido do acontecimento no processo de mudança do cliente a partir de uma grelha de análise temática, construída com base na literatura. Os resultados mostram que os impactos dos acontecimentos significativos incidem preferencialmente sobre a Consciência/ Insight/ Autocompreensão, Sensação de fortalecimento, Resolução de problemas/ Mudança de comportamento, e Orientação. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem a necessidade dos terapeutas atenderem à divergência e complementaridade de perspetivas na experiência da psicoterapia e sua contribuição para a mudança do cliente. Palavras-chave: ACONTECIMENTOS SIGNIFICATIVOS; CATEGORIAS DE IMPACTO; ESTUDO DE CASO.
Inteligência Espiritual: Propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Inteligência Espiritual Integrada (EIEI)
Authors: Jorge Diana Filipa Oliveira , Esgalhado Graça , Pereira Henrique
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Amram e Dryer (2008) propõem uma visão da Inteligência Espiritual que pode ser englobada na Teoria das Múltiplas Inteligências de Gardner e que compreende os domínios «Consciência», «Transcendência», «Graça», «Verdade» e «Significado», criando assim a Integrated Spiritual Inteligence Scale [ISIS]. Deste modo, a presente investigação pretendeu estudar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da referida escala. Método: Participaram no estudo 714 sujeitos, 257 do sexo masculino e 461 do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 81 anos. A aplicação dos instrumentos realizou-se online e além da utilização da Escala de Inteligência Espiritual Integrada usámos um questionário sociodemográfico com o intuito de caracterizar a amostra. Resultados: Os resultados indicam uma estrutura penta fatorial («Coping Religioso e Espiritual», «Consciência», «Graça», «Significado» e «Missão») com valores de alpha de Cronbach situados entre os 0.67 e 0.88. O valor de alpha de Cronbach total da escala é de 0.92. Conclusões: A escala apresenta bons indicadores de fiabilidade, sensibilidade e validade de constructo, ainda que os valores obtidos não tenham sido congruentes com a escala original.
Field-oriented control of five-phase induction motor with open-end stator winding
Authors: Listwan Jacek , Pieńkowski Krzysztof
Published: September 2016

The mathematical model of the five-phase squirrel-cage induction motor and the system of the dual five-phase voltage source inverter have been presented. The control methods and control systems of the field-oriented control of the five-phase induction motor with an open-end stator winding are described. The structures of the direct fieldoriented control system (DFOC) and the Indirect Field-oriented control system (IFOC) with PI controllers in outer and inner control loops are analyzed. A method of space vector modulation used to control the system of the dual five-phase voltage source inverter has been discussed. The results of simulation studies of the field-oriented control methods are presented. Comparative analysis of the simulation results was carried out.
The flying-capacitor SEPIC converter with the balancing circuit
Authors: Kawa Adam , Stala Robert
Published: September 2016

The paper presents investigation results of the natural balancing phenomena in the flying-capacitor SEPIC converters. The SEPIC converters topologies can be reconfigured to the flying-capacitor topology. Owing to this modification the advantageous increase of frequency of the current in the chokes and the decrease of semiconductors voltages can be achieved which is shown in this paper. Similarly to other multilevel flying capacitor topologies the adequate voltage sharing of the flying capacitors is an important issue for safe operation of the converter. The paper focuses on the analysis of the flying capacitor voltages balancing in the converter by natural currents as well as by the application of the additional RLC balancing booster. The paper proves that the natural balancing can be achieved by the specific application of the balancing circuit in the flying-capacitor SEPIC topology and proves the specific differences in the balancing process by natural currents of converter and with the usage of the balancing circuit. An operation of the converter with the balancing circuit and the natural balancing ability is studied here.
A new technique to design planar dipole antennas by using Bezier curve and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Homsup Nuttaka , Silabut Winyou , Kesornpatumanum Vuttichai , Boonek Pravit , Kuhirun Waroth
Published: September 2016

This research presents a new technique which includes the principle of a Bezier curve and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) together, in order to design the planar dipole antenna for the two different targets. This technique can improve the characteristics of the antennas by modifying copper textures on the antennas with a Bezier curve. However, the time to process an algorithm will be increased due to the expansion of the solution space in optimization process. So as to solve this problem, the suitable initial parameters need to be set. Therefore this research initialized parameters with reference antenna parameters (a reference antenna operates on 2.4 GHz for IEEE 802.11 b/g/n WLAN standards) which resulted in the proposed designs, rapidly converted into the goals. The goal of the first design is to reduce the size of the antenna. As a result, the first antenna is reduced in the substrate size from areas of 5850 mm2 to 2987 mm2 (48.93% approximately) and can also operates at 2.4 GHz (2.37 GHz to 2.51 GHz). The antenna with dual band application is presented in the second design. The second antenna is operated at 2.4 GHz (2.40 GHz to 2.49 GHz) and 5 GHz (5.10 GHz to 5.45 GHz) for IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n WLAN standards.
Modelling of a non-linear coil with loss in iron using the Runge-Kutta methods
Authors: Kolańska-Płuska Joanna , Grochowicz Barbara
Published: September 2016

This work presents a study on dynamics of a circuit with a non-linear coil, where loss in iron is also taken into account. A coil model is derived using a state space description. The work also includes the development of an application in C# for coil dynamics examination, where the implicit RADAU IIA method of various orders is applied for the purpose of solving non-linear differential equations modelling the non-linear coil with loss in iron.
Multi-objective analysis of Polish domestic power system development from point of view of unmanned factories. A cybernetic issue
Authors: Tchórzewski Jerzy
Published: September 2016

The paper contains selected results of research on the Domestic Power System (DPS) as an unmanned factory. Models of the DPS system of the MISO type, obtained as a result of identification for 14 inputs and 4 outputs were presented. Particular attention was given to the identification and the assessment of the DPS development based on the systems and control theory. The obtained models of the DPS development were analyzed and discussed. The studies were obtained model of the development of the DPS, and on the basis of is knowledge of the structural and parametrical changes of system development. The model can be used to analyze the design and development of the system from the point of view of the growth of internal organization system and the transition to higher levels of control.
Wrong transition and measurement models in power system state estimation
Authors: Kozierski Piotr , Lis Marcin , Horla Dariusz
Published: September 2016

The influence of wrong information about transition and measurement models on estimation quality has been presented in the paper. Two methods of a particle filter, with and without the Population Monte Carlo modification, and also the extended and unscented Kalman filters methods have been compared. A small 5-bus power system has been used in simulations, which have been performed based on one data set, and this data set has been chosen from among 100 different - to draw the most general conclusions. Based on the obtained results it has been found that for the particle filter methods the implementation of the slightly higher standard deviation than the true value, usually increases the estimation quality. For the Kalman filters methods it has been concluded that optimal values of variances are equal to the true values.
Algorithm for determining two-periodic steady-states in AC machines directly in time domain
Authors: Sobczyk Tadeusz J.
Published: September 2016

This paper describes an algorithm for finding steady states in AC machines for the cases of their two-periodic nature. The algorithm enables to specify the steady-state solution identified directly in time domain despite of the fact that two-periodic waveforms are not repeated in any finite time interval. The basis for such an algorithm is a discrete differential operator that specifies the temporary values of the derivative of the two-periodic function in the selected set of points on the basis of the values of that function in the same set of points. It allows to develop algebraic equations defining the steady state solution reached in a chosen point set for the nonlinear differential equations describing the AC machines when electrical and mechanical equations should be solved together. That set of those values allows determining the steady state solution at any time instant up to infinity. The algorithm described in this paper is competitive with respect to the one known in literature an approach based on the harmonic balance method operated in frequency domain.
Investigation of the stator inductances of the expanded Park model and an approach on parameter identification using the evolution strategy
Authors: Schmuelling Christoph , Kreischer Christian , Gołebiowski Marek
Published: September 2016

Commonly, the Park model is used to calculate transients or steady-state operations of synchronous machines. The expanded Park theory derives the Park equations from the phase-domain model of the synchronous machine by the use of transformations. Thereby, several hypothesis are made, which are under investigation in this article in respect to the main inductances of two different types of synchronous machines. It is shown, that the derivation of the Park equations from the phase-domain model does not lead to constant inductances, as it is usually assumed for these equations. Nevertheless the Park model is the most common analytic model of synchronous machines. Therefore, in the second part of this article a method using the evolution strategy is shown to obtain the parameters of the Park model.
Performance and Small Intestine Morphology and Ultrastructure of Male Broilers Injected in Ovo with Bioactive Substances
Authors: Bogucka Joanna , Dankowiakowska Agata , Elminowska-Wenda Gabriela , Sobolewska Adrianna , Jankowski Jan , Szpinda Michał , Bednarczyk Marek
Published: September 2016

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of prebiotic and synbiotic preparations injected in ovo on day 12 of embryogenesis on both development of intestinal villi and the number of neutral goblet cells in the small intestine of male broiler chickens on day 35 of rearing. Eggs containing live embryos were randomly separated into five experimental groups (1800 eggs per group), and treated with different bioactive compounds by in ovo injection. The control group (C) was injected with physiological saline. The prebiotic groups (PI and PB) were injected with a solution containing 1.76 mg of inulin or with a solution containing 0.528 mg of Bi2tos. The injection solution for both synbiotic groups (SI and SB) consisted of 1.76 mg Inulin + 1000 CFU of L. lactis spp. lactis 2955 (SL1) or 0.528 mg Bi2tos + 1000 CFU of L. lactis spp. cremoris 477 (SC1). Samples for histological analysis were taken from the three segments of the small intestine: the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Broiler performance increased in the prebiotic group injected with Bi2tos when compared to both the control group and the prebiotic group injected with inulin. In relation to other groups, in the duodenum and ileum the highest intestinal villi were observed in chickens with the lowest body weight, i.e. groups C and PI. The smaller surface area of villi was found in the jejunum and ileum in group SB. As far as the jejunum and ileum are concerned, a significantly higher number of goblet cells was noted in groups PB and SB.
Extremal values of the (fractional) Weinstein functional on the hyperbolic space
Authors: Mukherjee Mayukh
Published: September 2016

We study Weinstein functionals, first defined in [33], mainly on the hyperbolic space

ℍ
n

{\mathbb{H}^{n}}

.
We are primarily interested in the existence of Weinstein functional maximizers or, in other words, existence of extremal functions for the best constant of the Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality.
The main result is that the supremum of the Weinstein functional on

ℍ
n

{\mathbb{H}^{n}}

is the same as that on

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

and the related fact that the said supremum is not attained on

ℍ
n

{\mathbb{H}^{n}}

, when functions are chosen from the Sobolev space

H
1

⁢

(

ℍ
n

)

{H^{1}(\mathbb{H}^{n})}

.
This proves a conjecture made in [8] (see also [3]).
We also prove an analogous version of the conjecture for the Weinstein functional defined with the fractional Laplacian.
A computational approach to Milnor fiber cohomology
Authors: Dimca Alexandru , Sticlaru Gabriel
Published: September 2016

In this paper we consider the Milnor fiber F associated to a reduced projective plane curve C. A computational approach for the determination of the characteristic polynomial of the monodromy action on the first cohomology group of F, also known as the Alexander polynomial of the curve C, is presented. This leads to an effective algorithm to detect all the monodromy eigenvalues and, in many cases, explicit bases for the monodromy eigenspaces in terms of polynomial differential forms.
Comparison of enzymatic properties and small molecule inhibition of γ–glutamyltranspeptidases from pathogenic and commensal bacteria
Authors: Bolz Christian , Bach Nina C. , Meyer Hannelore , Müller Gerhard , Dawidowski Maciej , Popowicz Grzegorz , Sieber Stephan A. , Skerra Arne , Gerhard Markus
Published: September 2016

Helicobacter pylori infects the stomach of 50% of the population worldwide, thus causing chronic gastritis. Although this infection can be cured by antibiotic treatment, therapeutic options are increasingly limited due to the development of resistances. The γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gGT) of H. pylori (HpgGT) is a virulence factor important for colonization and contributes to bacterial immune evasion. Therefore, this enzyme is a potential target for developing new anti-infectives. As species specificity of such compounds is required in order to avoid off-target or adverse effects, comparative analysis of the gGTs from different organisms is a prerequisite for drug development. To allow detailed biochemical and enzymatic characterization, recombinant gGTs from five different bacteria as well as Homo sapiens were characterized and compared. Investigation of the enzymatic activity, the binding modes of known inhibitors to the catalytic center, and a high resolution X-ray structure of the HpgGT provided a starting point for the identification of new inhibitory substances targeting HpgGT. Inhibitors with K
i values in the nm to mm range were identified and their binding modes were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The results of this study provide a basis for the development of species-specific lead compounds with anti-infective potential by effectively inhibiting HpgGT.
Advances in the design and engineering of peptide-binding repeat proteins
Authors: Ernst Patrick , Plückthun Andreas
Published: September 2016

The specific recognition of peptides, which we define to include unstructured regions or denatured forms of proteins, is an intrinsic part of a multitude of biochemical assays and procedures. Many cellular interactions are also based on this principle as well. While it would be highly desirable to have a stockpile of sequence-specific binders for essentially any sequence, ade novoselection of individual binders against every possible target peptide sequence would be rather difficult to reduce to practice. Modular peptide binders could overcome this problem, as preselected and/or predesigned modules could be reused for the generation of new binders and thereby revolutionize the generation of binding proteins. This minireview summarizes advances in the development of peptide binders and possible scaffolds for their design.
A humor typology to identify humor styles used in sitcoms
Authors: Juckel Jennifer , Bellman Steven , Varan Duane
Published: September 2016

The sitcom genre is one of the most enduringly popular, yet we still know surprising little about their specific elements. This study aimed to develop a typology of humor techniques that best describe the components comprising the sitcom genre. New original techniques were added to applicable techniques from previous schemes to propose a sitcom-specific humor typology. This typology was tested with another coder for inter-coder reliability, and it was revealed the typology is theoretically sound, practically easy, and reliable. The typology was then used to code four well-known US sitcoms, with the finding that the techniques used aligned with the two most prominent theories of humor – superiority and incongruity.
Die Entwicklung der Unternehmensinvestitionen in Deutschland / Firm Investment Behaviour in Germany
Authors: Dreger Christian , Brautzsch Hans-Ulrich
Published: September 2016

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Entwicklung der Unternehmensinvestitionen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für den Zeitraum von 1968 bis 1989 auf der Basis von nicht saisonbereinigten Quartalsdaten. Dabei wird die Technik der saisonalen Kointegration im Rahmen eines multivariaten Fehlerkorrekturmodells angewendet, das neben den Investitionen die Exporte und die Schuldenquote der öffentlichen Haushalte enthält. Sämtliche Variablen sind an der langfristigen Frequenz integriert. Saisonale Einheitswurzeln sind nur für die Investionen und Exporte identifizierbar. Der Kointegrationsvektor an der langfristigen Frequenz macht deutlich, daß steigende Exporte im Gleichgewicht mit wachsenden Investitionen einhergehen. Dagegen wirkt ein Anstieg der Schuldenquote negativ auf die Anlageinvestitionen der Unternehmen. Die kurzfristige Dynamik des Systems wird mit Tests auf schwache Exogenität untersucht. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß die Anpassung an das langfristige Gleichgewicht von allen Variablen getragen wird.
Value-added Tax versus Social Security Contributions / Mehrwertsteuer oder Sozialversicherungsabgaben
Authors: Goerke Laszlo
Published: September 2016

In order to alleviate unemployment it is often recommended to reduce social security contributions (SSC) and to compensate for the ensuing loss in revenues by a rise in the value-added tax (VAT). Assuming unemployment to be caused by efficiency wages, it is shown that a balanced-budget shift from a payroll tax to a VAT will increase employment if the rise in the VAT does not alter consumer prices. If the effects of a shift from SSC to the VAT on the worker’s effort are neutralised, for example, by imposing a constant wedge, the employment impact will depend on the nature of the unemployment compensation system.
Zur Approximation der Trend-Zyklus-Komponente am aktuellen Rand einer Zeitreihe / A new Approach to Approximate the Trend-Cyclical-Component at the Current End of a Time Series
Authors: Goldrian Georg , Lehne Birgit
Published: September 2016

Es wird ein Tiefpaßfilter vorgestellt, der speziell dafür entworfen wurde, die konjunkturelle Entwicklung am aktuellen Rand einer Zeitreihe nachzuvollziehen. Anhand von Transferfunktionen, praktischen Anwendungen und stochastischen Simulationen werden seine Eigenschaften mit den Eigenschaften des Hodrick-Prescott-Filters und eines gewöhnlichen gleitenden Durchschnitts verglichen. Insbesondere im Rahmen der stochastischen Simulationen zeigt sich die unterschiedliche Leistungsfähigkeit der drei Filter in der Genauigkeit der Approximation künstlich erzeugter Konjunkturkomponenten. Die Untersuchungen kommen zu dem Ergebnis, daß mit dem trigonometrischen Filter das aktuelle Konjunkturbild etwas unverzerrter und zuverlässiger dargestellt wird, als es die beiden Referenzfilter vermögen. Außerdem zeichnet er sich durch vergleichsweise frühe Wendesignale aus. Der neue Filter kann den Konjunkturverlauf noch deutlicher nachvollziehen, wenn er im Wirkungszusammenhang mit der Schätzung einer Saisonkomponente zur Anwendung kommt und damit weniger Störungen von Seiten anderer systematischer Reihenkomponenten unterworfen ist. Zumindest bei Reihen mit nur schwach ausgeprägter irregulärer Bewegung ist ein eindeutiger Vorteil des direkten Blicks auf die Konjunktur gegenüber der undeutlichen Information einer saisonbereinigten Reihe zu konstatieren.
Unterschiedliche Volatilitätsregime am deutschen Rentenmarkt / Different Volatility Regimes on the German Bond Market
Authors: Herwartz Helmut , Reimers Hans-Eggert
Published: September 2016

Die Analyse von täglichen Änderungen der deutschen Umlaufsrendite für festverzinsliche Wertpapiere der öffentlichen Hand zeigt starke Evidenz für eine zeitliche Abhängigkeit in den Varianzen für die Periode Januar 1981 - Juli 1996. Der untersuchte Zeitraum umfaßt die Einführung von Finanzinnovationen, die Interdependenz nationaler Kapitalmärkte und die Bedeutung institutioneller Anleger haben in dieser Zeit zugenommen. Zeitabhängige Varianzen lassen sich durch ein GARCH(1,1)-Modell mit t-verteilten Innovationen darstellen, dessen Parameter allerdings im Zeitablauf nicht stabil sind. Ein Vergleich der implizit ermittelten unbedingten Varianzen für Teilperioden macht deutlich, daß die Volatilität seit Mitte 1988 im Mittel nicht signifikant verschieden ist im Vergleich zur ersten Hälfte des Stichprobenzeitraumes. Zu beobachten ist allerdings ein Anstieg der Varianzuntergrenze der geschätzten Volatilitätspfade seit Mitte 1988.
Raising the Retirement Age – Why Should Anybody Lose? / Anhebung des Rentenzugangsalters – Muss es Verlierer geben?
Authors: Hirte Georg
Published: September 2016

This paper questions the view that a rise of the retirement age does not reduce the financial problems of a pay-as-you-go public pension system if individuals receive compensations for additional years spent in the labor force. It is shown that rather utility compensation is required than actuarial compensation. As the former is lower it creates an opportunity to raise the retirement age in a Pareto-improving way. By performing a dynamic CGE analysis for Germany, a compensation scheme is derived which is not only Pareto-improving but leads to a large reduction of the contribution rates.
Gauss and the Method of the Least Squares / Gauß und die Methode der kleinsten Quadrate
Authors: Sheynin Oscar
Published: September 2016

The following article describes the history of the discovery of the method of least squares. Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) developed this method and applied it at first in astronomy and geodesy. In recent time this method became important to the analysis of statistical data in economics and social sciences and to the application of statistical methods in econometrics.

The author describes both justifications of the method and lists several fields where Gauss applied the principle of the yet non-existing method of the least squares before Legendre’a relevant publication of 1805. He also establishes that, contrary to a recently formulated opinion, Gauss had indeed communicated his discovery, again before 1805, to several colleagues.
Zur Problematik der Fixierung auf einzelne statistische Größen in der Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik - Dargestellt an der staatlichen Defizitquote / Problems Caused by the Increasing Reliance of Public Economic Policy on a Few Statistical Indicators - Demonstrated at the Public Deficit Ratio
Authors: Brümmerhoff Dieter , Reich Utz-Peter
Published: September 2016

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Folgen einer zunehmenden Fixierung der Politik auf wenige zentrale Größen. Sie ruft verstärkt Fragen der Genauigkeit finanzpolitischer Daten in den Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen vor dem Hintergrund des Adäquationsproblems hervor. Dies wird anhand der staatlichen Defizitquote behandelt. Im Mittelpunkt stehen einzelne umstrittene Verbuchungsfragen, die mit der zeitlichen und sektoralen Zuordnung von Strömen verbunden sind. Ferner wird die mögliche missbräuchliche Verwendung des Rechnungssystems erörtert.
Classification of West German Business Cycles 1955-1994 / Klassifikation westdeutscher Konjunkturzyklen 1955 - 1994
Authors: Heilemann Ullrich , Münch Heinz Josef
Published: September 2016

This paper applies multivariate linear discriminant analysis to classify West German business cycles from 1955 to 1994 into a four phase scheme (upswing, downswing, and upper/lower turning point phases). It describes the scheme as well as the selection of the classifying variables, and presents classification results for various sample periods confirming the four phase scheme. Special attention is given to changes of the explanatory power of the variables and its implication for changes of cycle patterns. While for the 1963/94 period the results display all in all much stability, the 1955/62 period does not fit into this pattern, indicating a change of regime which might even reach into the fourth cycle (1963-1967).
Carl Menger und die Wettbewerbstheorie / Carl Menger and the Theory of Competition
Authors: Mantzavinos C.
Published: September 2016

Die herausragende Stellung Carl Mengers in der Volkswirtschaftslehre wird in dogmenhistorischen Studien hauptsächlich darin gesehen, daß er den entscheidenden Schritt in Richtung einer subjektivistisch fundierten Erklärung des Wertes unternommen hat. Das Hauptziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es zu zeigen, inwiefern in seinem Werk darüber hinaus auch Ansatzpunkte vorhanden sind, die für das moderne Wettbewerbsverständnis theoretisch relevant sind und Menger außer als Preistheoretiker auch als Wettbewerbstheoretiker erscheinen lassen können. Es wird gezeigt, daß alle fünf wichtigen Elemente der modernen Wettbewerbstheorie in mehr oder weniger entwickelter Form in Mengers Werk zu finden sind: der prozessuale Charakter des Wettbewerbs, die Vielfalt an Wettbewerbsparametern, die Wissensproblematik, die Bedeutung der Zeit und der Wachstumsaspekte.
Numerical solution of an ill-posed Cauchy problem for a quasilinear parabolic equation using a Carleman weight function
Authors: Klibanov Michael V. , Koshev Nikolaj A. , Li Jingzhi , Yagola Anatoly G.
Published: September 2016

We solve numerically the side Cauchy problem for a 1-D parabolic equation. The initial condition is unknown. This is an ill-posed problem. The main difference with previous results is that our equation is quasilinear, whereas known publications on this topic work only with linear PDEs. The key idea is to minimize a weighted Tikhonov functional with the Carleman Weight Function (CWF) in it. Roughly, given a reasonable bounded set of any size in a reasonable Hilbert space, one can choose the parameter of the CWF in such a way that this functional becomes strictly convex on that set.
Modeling and Performance Analysis of 10 Gbps Inter-satellite Optical Wireless Communication Link
Authors: Singh Mehtab
Published: September 2016

Free-space optical (FSO) communication has the advantages of two of the most predominant data transmission technologies – optical fiber communication and wireless communication. Most of the technical aspects of FSO are similar to that of optical fiber communication, with major difference in the information signal propagation medium which is free space in case of FSO rather than silica glass in optical fiber communication. One of the most important applications of FSO is inter-satellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC) links which will be deployed in the future in space. The IsOWC links have many advantages over the previously existing microwave satellite communication technologies such as higher bandwidth, lower power consumption, low cost of implementation, light size, and weight. In this paper, modeling and performance analysis of a 10-Gbps inter-satellite communication link with two satellites separated at a distance of 1,200 km has been done using OPTISYSTEM simulation software. Performance has been analyzed on the basis of quality factor, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and total power of the received signal.
What we talk about when we talk about biolinguistics
Authors: Martins Pedro Tiago , Boeckx Cedric
Published: September 2016

The study of the biological foundations of language is sometimes calledbiolinguistics. This particular term finds its historical origins in the 1950s, and for various reasons it has also gained considerable traction in recent years. While its increasing use apparently signals an equally increasing interest in biology, apart from a few exceptions not much is added to and beyond standard linguistic theorizing by those linguists who use it, resulting in a complex and confusing literature. This state of affairs has led, on the one hand, to the perpetuation of proposals that are hard to relate to the biological literature and, on the other, to ill-placed criticism on the progress and even the very legitimacy of a biologically-informed study of language. By reviewing different ways in which research under the biolinguistics label has been carried out, as well as some common criticisms, we hope to dispel some misconceptions about what constitutes a biolinguistic approach, as well as point out what we contend is real progress in the study of the biological bases and evolution of the human language faculty, to which the term is better and rightly applied.
The Right to Health: Sri Lankan Migrant Domestic Workers in the GCC
Authors: Shlala Elizabeth H. , Jayaweera Hiranthi
Published: September 2016

Access to health care represents an important juncture between domestic labor migration and human rights in the GCC. The notions of “ambivalence” and legal hybridity shed light on how health care access is limited for migrant domestic workers, and why the legal framework is not enforced. Our research reveals that the lack of access to health care under the
From Narrating the Self to Posting Self(ies): A Small Stories Approach to Selfies
Authors: Georgakopoulou Alexandra
Published: September 2016

Selfies have by now earned a prominent place in the diverse forms of self-representation on social
media. In sociolinguistic terms, they have been undergoing a process of enregisterment (Agha 2005), as
attested to in moral panics in public discussions and in a developing selfie-related lexicon. A phenomenon
worthy of study then, yet largely unexplored, particularly within discourse and sociolinguistic perspectives
on identities (possibly due to the selfie’s visual nature). My aim in this article is to venture (and justify)
a ‘claiming’ of selfies by small stories. Selfies present the semiotic hallmarks of small stories, as I will
show, and so they constitute valuable ‘data’, the study of which can benefit from small stories inquiry
into genres as communicative and social practices on social media. Small stories apparatus is well-suited
to selfie analysis: it has been specifically developed to account for genres that challenge the assumptions
and modes of analysis of conventional narrative and life writing studies. Using data of selfie postings by
adolescent women on FB, I will show how within a small stories framework, far from being narcissistic
expressions of ‘ideal selves’, selfies emerge as contextualized and co-constructed presentations of self,
shaped by media affordances.
Anthroposemiotics of literature: The cultural nature
Authors: Taha Ibrahim
Published: September 2016

Semiotics is not merely about knowledge but primarily about knowing. Representation is about knowledge while literature as a semiotic medium is about modeling. Modeling is not a technique used by writers to represent the world but a target meant to show the way the writer models the world so that the reader responds accordingly and offers her/his own model. Knowing as semiosis is produced from such a kind of comparison between the two models. Meaning itself, knowledge, does not interest semioticians, whose concern is rather with the way it is produced. Literature teaches us how to learn more about our nature. Literature trains our natural faculties of modeling. All possible fragments of knowledge we may get from a literary text and the cognitive and emotional responses they provoke are only parts of a whole. They are associated with the mega-meaning of literature. In literature, knowing stands for mega-meaning, whereby it becomes an anthroposemiotic concept. In this paper, I hope to contribute to the new wave of interest in the natural linkage between anthroposemiotics and literary study through three major possible epistemologies tightening the linkage between both fields: evolutionary epistemology, emotional and cognitive activities, and cultural, including social and historical, conventions. All of these three levels conduct some kind of communication and naturally work together in harmony.
Semiotics of precision and imprecision
Authors: Hoxha Bujar
Published: September 2016

The fact of the multi-dimensionality of semiotics is an issue that offers more possibilities: either seen in the sense of their precise foreseeing, providing for, or discussing a scientific phenomenon, or otherwise, seen in the shape of its multiple formations, such as in the case of overcoming its rules. My aim in this paper is to make an attempt at proposing an hypothesis that may be overcoming another one, thus expressing ambiguity instead of precision, a metaphor instead a mono-semantic lexeme, or a complex instead of a simple phenomenon (thus, naming the different semiotic realities). This can be performed by representing at least some of the approaches to semiotics as a discipline: either seeing it as an expression of clearing redundancies through oppositions, through processes of representation, or through life processes. Starting from language-based semiotics, through scholars like Saussure and Jakobson, as well as through the Greimasian and Peirceian schools of semiotics, I have tried to exemplify what I have called semiotics of precision, on one hand, and what I have called a semiotics of imprecision, on the other. In the frames of such an exemplifying of these two approaches, I have tried to focus on the dichotomy between seeming and reality.
Leadership as zero-institution
Authors: Kuronen Tuomas , Huhtinen Aki-Mauri
Published: September 2016

In this essay, we study the emergence and institutionalization of political leadership. Our empirical case is the presidential leadership of the former Cold War era President of Finland, Urho Kekkonen. Towards the end of his tenure as the president, which lasted for 25 years, his leadership became a “zero-institution,” in the same sense as articulated by Claude Lévi-Strauss. Kekkonen became an iconic figure in the society, whose status as the leader was never seriously challenged during his tenure. His private fishing ritual among his fishing “tribe” provided central content for his leadership mythology as an “able fisherman,” which he and his allies used for the purposes of furthering his political objectives. Along the emergence of his uncontested status in the society, the country’s “official line” in foreign policy became to be known as “Finnlandisierung” outside Finland; a culture in which a weak state yields to the demands of a stronger neighbor without direct military intervention. In light of this, we also discuss the potential of zero-institutions and similar “traumas” in association with the (ab)use of power in organizations and a culture of (self-)censorship.
Toward an embodied account of double-voiced discourse: The critical role of imagery and affect in Bakhtin’s dialogic imagination
Authors: Krasny Karen A.
Published: September 2016

Drawing from Paivio’s (1986, Mental representations: A dual coding approach. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991, Images in mind: The evolution of a theory. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 2007, Mind and its evolution: A dual coding theoretical approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum) dual-coding theory, I argue that an understanding of the structure and function of mental imagery and affect can lead to an embodied and more comprehensive account of the addressivity that characterizes Bakhtin’s double-voiced discourse. A dialogic exchange between characters in Orhan Pamuk’s (2004, Snow. New York: Vintage) Snow provides a literary example of an intersubjective encounter to demonstrate that crafting consciousness in the novel and sustaining Bakhtin’s double-voiced discourse relies on the cognitive capacity to access both verbal and non-verbal imagery. I position Bakhtinian dialogism within a historical overview of the nature of mind and mental imagery in western philosophy to elucidate the tenuous relation between Bakhtin’s dialogic existence and the principles of empiricism as expressed in Dewey (1987 [1934], Art as experience. In Jo Ann Boydston (ed.), The later works of John Dewey, 1925–1953, vol. 10. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1980 [1916], Democracy and education. In Jo Ann Boydston (ed.), The middle works of John Dewey, 1899–1924, vol. 9. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press) and Mead (1934, Mind, self, and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964, The objective reality of perspectives. In A. Reck (ed.) Selected writings, 312–314. Chicago: University of Chicago Press). With reference to Damasio’s (1999, The feeling of what happens: Body and emotion in the making of consciousness. New York: Harcourt) neurobiological account of consciousness, Langer’s (1957, Philosophy in a new key: A study in the symbolism of reason, rite, and art. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) evolutionary account of language, and Thompson’s (2007, Mind in life: Biology, phenomenology and the sciences of mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) phenomenological account of empathy, I outline how Bakhtin’s dialogism differs from embodied theories of mind and consciousness in several fundamental ways to preclude a full appreciation of the other’s empathetic experience of oneself in authoring a socially shared existence.
Studies on Stepped Air Ejector Diffusers incorporating Heat Transfer Effects
Authors: Singh Parminder , Singh SidhNath , Seshadri V
Published: September 2016

Air ejector diffusers are employed in gas turbine exhaust systems to cool the exhaust gases. These diffusers are developed as passive devices, which use the energy of the main flow to entrain the relatively cool ambient air through the annular slot openings. Multiple slot openings are provided along the length of ejector diffusers to lower the temperatures of the exhaust gases. This paper presents results of a 3-D numerical study carried out at a fixed Reynolds Number of 2.5×105 with a corresponding inlet Mach number of about 0.22 on three configurations of a non-circular ejector diffuser having an overall area ratio of 9. The three configurations being investigated are the best diffuser configurations established on the basis of cold flow studies reported in literature. The results are presented in terms of temperature distribution, entrainment mass flux rates and static pressure recovery. The results show that the higher number of slot openings improves cooling in the ejector diffuser as compared to thicker interfaces or inclination at the slot inlet.
Foam Rolling of Quadriceps Decreases Biceps Femoris Activation
Authors: Cavanaugh Mark T. , Aboodarda Saied Jalal , Hodgson Daniel D. , Behm David G.
Published: September 2016

Cavanaugh, MT, Aboodarda, SJ, Hodgson, DD, and Behm, DG. Foam rolling of quadriceps decreases biceps femoris activation. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2238–2245, 2017—Foam rolling has been shown to increase range of motion without subsequent performance impairments of the rolled muscle, however, there are no studies examining rolling effects on antagonist muscles. The objective of this study was to determine whether foam rolling the hamstrings and/or quadriceps would affect hamstrings and quadriceps activation in men and women. Recreationally, active men (n = 10, 25 ± 4.6 years, 180.1 ± 4.4 cm, 86.5 ± 15.7 kg) and women (n = 8, 21.75 ± 3.2 years, 166.4 ± 8.8 cm, 58.9 ± 7.9 kg) had surface electromyographic activity analyzed in the dominant vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles on a single leg landing from a hurdle jump under 4 conditions. Conditions included rolling of the hamstrings, quadriceps, both muscle groups, and a control session. Biceps femoris activation significantly decreased after quadriceps foam rolling (F
(1,16) = 7.45, p = 0.015, −8.9%). There were no significant changes in quadriceps activation after hamstrings foam rolling. This might be attributed to the significantly greater levels of perceived pain with quadriceps rolling applications (F
(1,18) = 39.067, p < 0.001, 98.2%). There were no sex-based changes in activation after foam rolling for VL (F
(6,30) = 1.31, p = 0.283), VM (F
(6,30) = 1.203, p = 0.332), or BF (F
(6,36) = 1.703, p = 0.199). Antagonist muscle activation may be altered after agonist foam rolling, however, it can be suggested that any changes in activation are likely a result of reciprocal inhibition due to increased agonist pain perception.
Effect of Game Design, Goal Type, and Player Numbers on the Physiological and Physical Demands of Hurling-Specific Small-Sided Games
Authors: Malone Shane , Collins Kieran D.
Published: September 2016

Malone, S and Collins, K. Effect of game design, goal type, and player numbers on the physiological and physical demands of hurling-specific small-sided games. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1493–1499, 2017—The current study examined the effect that game design modification, goal type, and player numbers on the running performance and physiological demands of small-sided hurling games (SSG). Forty-eight hurling players (age, 25.5 ± 3.2 years; height, 178.9 ± 3.2 cm; body mass, 78.5 ± 4.5 kg) performed 4 types of SSG (possession [P], normal play [NP], regular goals [RG] and small goals [SG]) in 4-a-side, 5-a-side, and 6-a-side formats. Heart rate (Polar Electro Oy) and global positioning system technology (VX Sport, 4-Hz, Lower Hutt) were used to analyze the physical and physiological differences between SSG. Total distance (m), high-speed running distance (m) (≥17 km·h−1), very–high speed running distance (≥22 km·h−1) (m), peak and mean velocity (km·h−1) were analyzed as an indicator of the physical demands of play. The 4-a-side SSG independent of game design and goal type resulted in a significantly higher relative exercise intensity compared with 5-a-side (mean change: 6 ± 2%; p = 0.001; d = 1.9 ± 0.2; large) and 6-a-side SSG independent of game design or goal type (mean change: 12 ± 2%; p = 0.001; d = 2.9 ± 0.8; very large). The 4-a-side SG (619 ± 106-m [419–735-m]) resulted in the highest distance when compared with all PP (mean change: 141 ± 9 m; p = 0.05; d = 1.9 ± 0.3; moderate) and RG (mean change: 119 ± 39 m; p = 0.004; d = 2.1 ± 0.8; large). Similar trends were observed for 5-a-side and 6-a-side games with SG resulting in increased total running performance. In conclusion, the current observations reveal that 4-a-side NP, SG, and RG have the highest physiological demands with 4-a-side SG having increased running performance in contrast to other game design and goal-type games. Furthermore, independent of game design and goal type, 4-a-side SSG show increased relative intensity compared with 5-a-side and 6-a-side SSG.