bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typology of Non-Wood Forest Products Based Enterprises in Serbia
Authors: NONIC Dragan , AVDIBEGOVIC Mersudin , NEDELJKOVIC Jelena , RANKOVIC Nenad , MARINESCU Viorel , IORAS Florin
Published: July 2019

In Serbia, as in other European countries, small and medium enterprises are recognized as a pillar of economic development. At the same time, a clear need for support to those enterprises and entrepreneurship, both in urban and rural areas, is emphasized in national strategic documents. In forestry, small and medium enterprises are of special importance for sector development. However, in Serbia, there is a lack of knowledge about them, and particularly about small and medium enterprises whose business is based on non-wood forest products. Bearing in mind the importance of these enterprises for development of private forestry sector and rural areas, research aiming to determine their characteristics and types is needed. Door-to-door survey was conducted with 91 representatives of non-wood forest products based small and medium enterprises in Central Serbia. Results of cluster analysis showed there were three types of non-wood forest products based small and medium enterprises, in regard to their characteristics. The same number of types was distinguished, in regard to business activities. Results of this research can be used for further detailed study on types of forest-based small and medium enterprises and as a basis for formulation of support measures and, thus, improvement of the entrepreneurship in non-wood forest products sector in Serbia.
Forest Administration in Romania: Frequent Problems and Expectations
Authors: MARINCHESCU Mihai , HALALISAN Aureliu Florin , POPA Bogdan , ABRUDAN Ioan Vasile
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to describe the status and evolution of forest management in Romania in terms of forest regime, as well as to highlight the most frequent problems and common expectations of forest district managers. Underlying the presented results are an analysis of the compiled statistical indicators used in Romanian forestry and the outcome of a sociological survey conducted on a sample of 345 forest district managers. In early 2013, over 4.4 million hectares of state, public and private forest land were administered by state and experimental forest districts, and over 1.7 million hectares of forest land, other than state-owned, by private forest districts. Note that approximately 0.36 million hectares (over 5% of Romaniaâ€™s forest area) are not in the care of specialized units, contrary to the legal provisions. The most frequent problems faced by forest district managers arise in relation to the owners of forests or are caused by illegal logging. This study is a contribution to making the concrete problems faced by foresters and especially the structure and ownership related characteristics of forestland the driving force of legislative changes in the forestry sector.
Promoter Analysis and Transcriptional Profiling of Ginkgo biloba 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase (GbHMGR) gene in Abiotic Stress Responses
Authors: LIAO Yongling , XU Feng , HUANG Xiaohua , ZHANG Weiwei , CHENG Hua , LI Linling , CHENG Shuiyuan , SHEN Yongbao
Published: July 2019

The terpene trilactones (TTLs) are believed to be important for the pharmacological properties of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is a critical enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway of TTLs. In this study, an 1.2-kb fragment of 5â€™ flanking region of the HMGR gene (GbHMGR), was isolated from G. biloba by genome walking. Extensive sequence analysis revealed the presence of evolutionarily conserved and over-represented putative cis-acting elements in light-regulated transcription,  hormone signaling (gibberellic acid, jasmonate and salicylic acid), elicitor and stress responses (cold/dehydration responses), and plant defense signaling (W-box/WRKY) that are common to the promoter region of GbHMGR. EMSA analysis suggested possible functionality of W-box in GbHMGR promoter region. The behavior of gene transcripts in ginkgo callus upon light, low temperature, MeJA and SA treatments further verified the regulatory function of GbHMGR promoter. A significant positive relationship between gene expression level and total TTL contents suggested that GbHMGR might be one of key genes involved in TTL biosynthesis in G. biloba.
Over-expression of the Hybrid Aspen Homeobox PttKN1 Gene in Red Leaf Beet Induced Altered Coloration of Leaves
Authors: XU Quanle , RUAN Mei-yu , TAO Ying-jie , HU Xin
Published: July 2019

PttKN1 (Populus tremula Ã— tremuloides KNOTTED1) gene belongs to the KNOXI gene family. It plays an important role in plant development, typically in meristem initiation, maintenance and organogenesis, and potentially in plant coloration. To investigate the gene functions further, it was introduced into red leaf beet by the floral dip method mediated via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The transformants demonstrated typical phenotypes as with other PttKN1 transformants. These alterations were very different from the morphology of the wild type. Among them, morphological modification of changed color throughout the entire plant from claret of wild type to yellowish green was the highlight in those transgenic PttKN1-beet plants. The result of spraying selection showed that the PttKN1-beet plants had kanamycin resistance. PCR assay of the 35S-Promoter, NPTII and PttKN1 gene, PCR-Southern analysis of the NPTII and PttKN1 gene showed that the foreign PttKN1 gene had successfully integrated into the genome of beet plant. Furthermore, the results of RT-PCR analysis showed that the gene was ectopic expressed in transgenic plants. These data suggested that there is a correlation between the ectopic expression of PttKN1 gene and morphological alterations of beet plants. Pigment content assay showed that betaxanthins concentrations shared little difference between wild type and transgenic lines, while betacyanins content in transgenic plants was sharply decreased, indicating that the altered plant coloration of the transgenic beet plants may be caused by the changed betacyanins content. The tyrosinase study suggested that the sharply decreased of betacyanins content in transgenic plants was caused via the decreased tyrosinase level. Therefore, the reason for the altered plant coloration may be due to partial inhibition of betacyanin biosynthesis that was induced via the pleiotropic roles of PttKN1 gene.
Total Antioxidant Capacity and Total Phenolics Content of Phyllostachys Taxa Shoots
Authors: NEMÉNYI András , STEFANOVITSNÉ-BÁNYAI Éva , PÉK Zoltán , HEGEDŰS Attila , GYURICZA Csaba , BARÓCSI Zoltán , HELYES Lajos
Published: July 2019

Total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) were analysed in shoots of Phyllostachys aureosulcata (PA), P aureosulcata f. aureocaulis (PAA), P. aureosulcata f. spectabilis (PAS), P. bissetii (PB), P. flexuosa (PF), P. humilis (PH), P. iridescens (PI), P. nigra var. nigra (PNN), P. nigra var. henonis (PNH), P. mannii (PM), P. sulphurea var. sulphurea (PSS), P. violascens (PVI), P. viridiglaucescens (PVG), P. vivax f. aureocaulis (PVA), collected on four harvest dates. Both TP and AC were determined following three processing methods, fresh, boiled and pickled in shoots of PF. Comparative study of TP and AC in the above Phyllostachys species shoots has not been reported before. The highest TP (1,227.6 μg GA/ml) and AC (154.0 μg AA/ml) values were measured in fresh shoots and the lowest in pickled ones. The highest values of TP were measured in the case of PA (1,321.95 μg GA/ml). The other taxa followed in decreasing order: PF, PVI, PI, PAA, PB, PAS, PNN, PNH, PM, PH, PSS and PVA. The highest AC values were obtained in the case of PI (184.24 μg AA/ml). The other taxa followed in decreasing order: PA, PF, PSS, PNN, PNH, PVG, PB, PAA, PAS, PV, PVA, PM and PH. The highest TP values were measured in taxa harvested on the first collection date and the values consequently decreased in taxa collected at later harvest dates. Our findings suggest that the earlier harvest date, through the influence of lower temperatures, could enhance the phytochemical content of bamboo shoots.
Phenolic Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Hedera helix L. (Ivy) Flowers and Fruits
Authors: PARVU Marcel , VLASE Laurian , PARVU Alina E. , ROSCA-CASIAN Oana , GHELDIU Ana-Maria , PARVU Ovidiu
Published: July 2019

Identification and quantitative analysis of the phenolic compounds from Hedera helix L. (ivy) flower and fruit ethanol extracts by LC/MS, in vitro germination and growth inhibition effects on Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tulipae, Penicillium gladioli and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were performed. In the non-hydrolyzed samples of flower and fruit extracts were determined, in different amounts, five polyphenols (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutoside, quercetol and kaempferol) while quercitrin was identified only in the ivy flower extract. The hydrolyzed samples of the same ivy extracts indicated four phenolic compounds (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, quercetol and kaempferol), in different concentrations, whereas sinapic acid was only detected in the ivy fruit extract. The antifungal activity of the fresh flower extract was stronger than that of the fresh fruit extract and was compared to that of an antimycotic drug.
Molecular Role of Nitric Oxide in Secondary Products Production   in Ginkgo biloba Cell Suspension Culture
Authors: EL-BELTAGI Hossam Saad , AHMED Osama K. , HEGAZY Adel E.
Published: July 2019

Effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; nitric oxide donor) treatment on the enhancement of secondary metabolites production, oxidative stress mediators (O2-.) accumulation and antioxidant defense enzymes of Ginkgo biloba callus culture was investigated. On one hand, the obtained data showed a highly metabolic modification of chemical constituents, PAL activity and various antioxidant defense enzymes (APX, SOD), which gradually increased in response to SNP treatments. On the other hands the high NO levels significantly increased the accumulation of various oxidative burst of O2-.. MS basal medium supplemented with casein hydrolase (500 mg/L), NAA and BA at equal concentration (0.5 mg/L) recorded the highest number of regenerated shoots (4.81 cm) and shoot height (4.96 cm) as well as root number (2.25 cm) and root length (4.5 cm). The highest survival (40 %) was shown in acclimatization on the mixture containing sand, peat moss and vermiculite (1: 1: 1, v/v/v), which significantly confirmed and reflected the variation in survival percentage. Meanwhile, higher treatment (500 μM) of NO positively enhanced secondary products accumulation of total tannins, saponins, phenols and total flavonoids in G. biloba callus

culture.
A Preliminary Preparation of Endophytic Bacteria CE3 Wettable Powder for Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases
Authors: CHENG Hua , LI Linling , HUA Juan , YUAN Honghui , CHENG Shuiyuan
Published: July 2019

Recently, there has been an increasing interest among researchers in using combinations of biological control agents to exploit potential synergistic effects among them. In the present study, there were investigated commercially acceptable formulations of Bacillus cereus CE3 wetting powder with long storage life and retained efficacy to control chestnut and other fruit rot caused by Endothia parasitica (Murr) and Fusarium solani. The study sought to develop a new B. cereus formulation that would be more effective and better suited to the conditions of field application. By a series of experiments, the formulation was confirmed as follows: 60% B. cereus freeze-dried powder, 28.9% diatomite as carrier, 4% sodium lignin sulfonate as disperser, 6% alkyl naphthalene sulfonate as wetting agent, 1% K2HPO4 as stabilizer, 0.1% β-cyclodextrin as ultraviolet protectant. The controlling experiments showed that the diluted 100 times of 60% B. cereus wetting powder had 79.47% corrosion rate to chestnut pathogens; and this result is comparable to the diluted 1,000 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl. Safety evaluation results showed that rats acute oral lethal dose 50% was 5,000.35, therefore application of B. cereus wettable powder could not cause a person or animal poisoning. This work illustrated that 60% B. cereus wetting powder had commercial potential; however, to apply this formulation as a biological pesticide in the field, masses production processes need to be further studied.
Response of Durum Wheat Seedlings to Salinity
Authors: YILDIRIM Mehmet , KIZILGECI Ferhat , AKINCI Cuma , ALBAYRAK Onder
Published: July 2019

Salinity is an important source of abiotic stress, limiting crop performance in most arid and semi-arid areas of the world. This research was conducted to determine the effects of salinity on physiological parameters of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes. The research was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory at the Agriculture Faculty of Dicle University. The study consisted of one durum wheat commercial cultivar, five local cultivars and four advanced genotypes. There were three replications in a split-plot experimental design. Genotypes were germinated in four NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 mM) in plastic boxes. There were statistically assured significant differences among the genotypes for all salt concentrations and all observed parameters (coleoptile length, seedling length, root length, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root dry weight, germination rate and seedling vigor). There was significant decrease in all examined parameters depending on the increase of salt concentration. The â€˜Sorgulâ€™ genotype was most tolerant to salinity, in terms of root length and root dry weight, whereas â€˜Altintoprak 98â€™ was most tolerant as measured by the impact of salinity on coleoptile length, seedling fresh weight, germination rate and seedling vigour. The â€˜Beyaziyeâ€™ genotype was the most sensitive to salinity-induced stress. The results from this study demonstrated differences among durum wheat genotypes for seedling parameters measured in the presence of salinity stress.
Responses of '0900 Ziraat' Sweet Cherry Variety Grafted on Different Rootstocks to Salt Stress
Authors: KÜÇÜKYUMUK Cenk , YILDIZ Halit , KÜÇÜKYUMUK Zeliha , ÜNLÜKARA Ali
Published: July 2019

This study was conducted to determine the responses of '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherry cultivar grafted on mazzard (Prunus avium L.) and mahaleb (P. mahaleb L.) rootstocks, to different irrigation water salinity levels. One year old sweet cherry trees were planted in 50-liter pots at Eğirdir Fruit Research Station (Isparta, Turkey). Four different irrigation water salinity levels (S1=0.3 dS m-1, S2=2.0 dS m-1, S3=4.0 dS m-1 and S4=6 dS m-1) were used for both variety/rootstock combinations. The results showed that sweet cherry trees grafted on mahaleb rootstocks extracted more water under saline conditions than the ones grafted on mazzard. Water salinity levels caused more damage on 0900/mazzard than on 0900/mahaleb. Towards the end of the growing period, plant deaths were detected in S3 and S4 treatments. While leaf water potential (LWP) ranged from -1.54 to -3.33 MPa, stomatal conductance ranged from 26.8 to 199.5 mmol m-2 s-1. It was determined that both parameters decreased towards the end of the growing period for all treatments. Sodium (Na) uptake was excluded by 0900/mahaleb rootstocks, but chloride (Cl−) uptake was excluded only for higher saline conditions. As a result, mahaleb (P. mahaleb L.) rootstock could be recommended to be used as rootstock for sweet cherry culture under saline conditions.
The Effect of Inoculation on Growth, Nodulation and Nitrogen in Annual Clover Cultivars Grown at Two Mediterranean Locations of Sardinia, Italy
Authors: SULAS Leonardo , RE Giovanni Antonio , SALIS Mauro , GARAU Giovanni , SITZIA Maria , SALIS Lorenzo
Published: July 2019

The legumeâ€™s benefits are well-known and exploited in animal production systems, and the commercial availability of novel clover cultivars is an important opportunity for Mediterranean climatic areas. However, the successful performance of a legume species is strongly affected by the presence of specific rhizobia in the soil. The performances of 10 annual clover cultivars belonging to nine species, both uninoculated and inoculated, were compared at two locations in Sardinia (Italy). The rows (2 m length each) were established in autumn and seed inoculation with a selected commercial rhizobial strain was performed at sowing. In the following spring, shoot length, the number of root nodules, shoot dry matter yield and nitrogen concentration were determined on complete recovered plants. Inoculation affected shoot length, with significant differences at each site. It ranged from 7.9 to 39.7 cm. The average shoot DM production in the two locations ranged from 0.21 to 1.92 g per plant and there was a significant interaction of the location x cultivar. Inoculation significantly increased the growth of four cultivars. However, a cultivar selected in Sardinia, Trifolium brachycalycinum â€˜Antasâ€™, was irrespective of both location and inoculation, producing more shoot DM per plant than did the other clovers (about 1.80 g per plant). The results demonstrated that the clover agronomic performances differed among cultivars and locations. In addition, they highlighted that inoculation with a selected rhizobial strain is very useful for some clovers, suggesting that is preferable to ascertain at each site the need for clover inoculation.
ISSR Analysis for Determination of Genetic Diversity and Relationship in Eight Turkish Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars
Authors: KAYA Ergun
Published: July 2019

Olive cultivar identification is very important especially for fruit productivity and olive oil quality. Up to date, numerous techniques have been used for characterization of olive cultivars and detection of genetic variability. In the present study, 40 clones specific to Turkey (8 cultivars, each having 5 clones) were assessed for cultivar determination via inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker systems using 10 ISSR primers. In total, 217 band profiles were obtained, 206 of which were polymorphic (94.9% polymorphism). The cultivars were segregated into two main clusters, each cluster being subdivided into two groups, while all the clones of a cultivar belong to the same main cluster. The only exception was the distribution of the clones of cultivar 'Tekir': 'Tekir 1', 'Tekir 2' and 'Tekir 3' on cluster III, while 'Tekir 4' and 'Tekir 5' were on cluster IV, therefore grouped into different main clusters. In the present study, ISSR analysis displayed a high level of genetic variability among Turkish olive cultivars, indicating a potential resource for the use of this germplasm in clonal selection programs.
Effects of Cultivation System and Fertilization on Seedling Production of  Ocimum basilicum L. and Mentha spicata L.
Authors: AKOUMIANAKI-IOANNIDOU Anastasia , RASOULI Marina , PODAROPOULOU Lamprini , KARAPANOS Ioannis , BILALIS Dimitrios
Published: July 2019

The demand for aromatic plants as ornamentals and sources of essential oils has increased recently. A float system is a promising alternative method of seedling production. Two cropping systems, float and conventional (seed bed), and two nutrient solution formulations, one organic and one inorganic, were evaluated for Ocimum basilicum (basil) and Mentha spicata (spearmint) seedling production. Basil seedlings grown in float system had better or comparable growth of shoots and leaves with those grown in seedbeds, irrespective of the fertilization, whereas spearmint organic fertilization reduced the growth of the aboveground parts of the seedlings, regardless of the cropping system. By contrast, fertilization treatments on both speciesâ€™ seedling grown in float system showed better root length and higher root biomass accumulation. The survival percentage of seedlings after transplanting, as well as the subsequent growth of plants, were not seriously affected by the cropping system of the fertilization method during transplant production. Overall, we conclude that a float system can be used for the production of Ocimum basilicum and Mentha spicata seedlings under organic or inorganic fertilization.
HPLC Determination and FT-MIR Prediction of Sugars from Juices of Different Apple Cultivars during Fruits Development
Authors: MUREŞAN Andruţa E. , MUSTE Sevastiţa , VLAIC Romina Alina , BOBIŞ Otilia , MUREŞAN Crina , SOCACIU Carmen , MUREŞAN Vlad
Published: July 2019

Individual sugars were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in samples of apple juices obtained from the fruits of ‘Jonathan’, ‘Starkrimson’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars. Samples were harvested from the inside and the periphery of the crown, at different periods during fruits growth, from 7 to 144 days after full bloom (DAFB). Values from 0.42 to 14.33%, 0.29 to 4.06% and 0 to 4.28% were determined for fructose, glucose and sucrose, respectively. The values of fructose and glucose have increased significantly (p<0.05), starting with the seventh DAFB, regardless of the studied cultivar, while sucrose increased slowly at the beginning and then faster starting 65 DAFB. Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) analysis confirmed the differences between juice samples, the region 900-1500 cm-1 being the most specific to sugars signals. FT-MIR coupled to partial least squares (PLS) calibration models for predicting individual sugars of apple juices were developed. The optimal regions and pre-treatments of the spectra were 900-1500 cm-1 and Savitzky Golay first derivative (d1) for fructose, 900-1200 cm-1 and d2 for glucose and 900-1200 cm-1 and standard normal variate for sucrose. In cross-validation, the PLS calibration models showed very good performance for fructose (Rcval 2=0.95; standard error of cross-validation (SECV) =0.907) and acceptable for glucose (Rcval 2=0.85; SECV=0.424), while for sucrose showed only satisfactory performance (Rcval 2=0.75; SECV=0.561). For practical relevance, the FT-MIR predicted values were compared against the HPLC determined reference values in external validations tests. The best results were achieved for fructose (Rp 2=0.94; RPD=4.9), while glucose (Rp 2=0.84; RPD=2.61) and sucrose (Rp 2=0.7; RPD=2.08) models reached satisfactory values.
Effect of Salt Stress on Three Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars
Authors: ASSIMAKOPOULOU Anna , SALMAS Ioannis , NIFAKOS Kallimachos , KALOGEROPOULOS Panagiotis
Published: July 2019

Agriculture is increasingly forced to utilize marginal waters to meet its increasing demands, which in turn increases the risks of soil salinization and yield reduction in the arid and semi-arid areas of the Mediterranean basin. Given that the bean is an extremely salt sensitive species, the purpose of the present work was to study the effect of 0 and 75 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) on leaf characteristics, growth, pod yield and ion accumulation of three green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars (â€˜Corallo Nanoâ€™, â€˜Romano Bush Plajaâ€™ and â€˜Starazagorskiâ€™), widely used in Greece. Plants were grown in a greenhouse of Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese in Messinia, Southern Greece, from April to June 2014, in hydroponics. The experimental design was the factorial completely randomized one with five replications; each replication consisted of the three plants grown on the same rockwool slab. The results of the majority of growth and yield parameters determined showed the superiority of â€˜Coralloâ€™ over â€˜Romanoâ€™ whereas â€˜Starazagorskiâ€™ tolerance was found to be intermediate. â€˜Coralloâ€™ tolerated NaCl salinity better due to its capacity for Na retention in the roots and maintaining appropriate K/Na and Ca/Na ratios, limiting the accumulation of toxic ions into actively growing shoots. The salt sensitivity of â€˜Romanoâ€™ was related to its higher concentration of Na in the leaves and lower in the roots, to the greater decrease of the leaf number and leaf water content, as well as to the specific leaf area increase compared to the other two cultivars under saline conditions.
Ecophysiological Responses of White Clover - Hybrid Ryegrass Mixture to Foliar Fertilisation
Authors: DUNEA Daniel , NEAGU FRĂSIN Loredana Beatrice , DINCĂ Niculae
Published: July 2019

The rationale of the study was to check whether the association of hybrid ryegrass with white clover owing a moderate competition capacity, and optimal foliar fertilization will provide high and stable yields by reducing conventional fertilization rates. The experiment was carried out during two years of cropping with six growth cycles in a randomized block design with three replicates in Targoviste Piedmont Plain, South of Romania. In the first year, the plots received no nitrogen fertilisers in order to allow the biological potential development. In the second year, foliar fertilisation was applied six times in the fertilised variants during the vegetation season. The comparison between the six growth cycles showed that the biological potential of white clover in pure stand without foliar fertilisation was higher in the first cropping year than in the second one. Application of foliar fertilisation treatments enhanced the competition capacity of the hybrid ryegrass in the first production cycle of the second year. In white clover pure stand, the fertilisation increased the assimilatory areas from 3.6 to 4.8 (p<0.05). The contribution of hybrid ryegrass to the cumulative Leaf Area Index of species in the binary mixture was significant (4.7 no fertilisation; 4.9 foliar fertilisation), which revealed a low competition capacity of white clover in mixture (0.69 no fertilisation; 1.03 foliar fertilisation). In white clover-hybrid ryegrass mixtures, foliar fertilisation showed benefits in the first two growth cycles according to the phenophase particularities and weather conditions.
Hydroponic Screening for Iron Deficiency Tolerance in Evergreen Azaleas
Authors: DEMASI Sonia , CASER Matteo , KOBAYASHI Nobuo , KURASHIGE Yuji , SCARIOT Valentina
Published: July 2019

Evergreen azaleas grow in acid soil and suffer from iron deficiency when cultivated in substrate with pH higher than 6.0. In order to select tolerant plants, 11 azalea genotypes were tested for 21 days in alkaline solution (pH 9), buffered with sodium hydrogen carbonate (1 gÂ·l-1). Leaf damage, root length and mortality rate were recorded. While leaf damage and mortality rate allowed to discriminate genotypes, root development appeared not directly linked to iron deficiency tolerance. Rhododendron â€˜Jukoâ€™, R. scabrum, R. macrosepalum â€˜Hanagurumaâ€™, R. x pulchrum â€˜Oomurasakiâ€™, and R. x pulchrum â€˜Sen-e-oomurasakiâ€™ resulted iron efficient genetic resources, useful for azalea cultivation and gardening in calcareous soils. On the contrary, R. obtusum â€˜Kirinâ€™, R. tosaense, R.x mucronatum â€˜Fujimanyoâ€™ and R. obtusum â€˜Susogo-no-itoâ€™ resulted iron deficiency sensitive genotypes. R. x mucronatum â€˜Ryukyushiboriâ€™ and R. indicum â€˜Kinsaiâ€™ showed intermediate responses.
An Evaluation of the Romanian Fruits and Vegetables Producers Access to Different Types of Common Agricultural Policy Instruments. Is there Any Real Consistency with the Policy Objectives?
Authors: MARCU Nicu , MEGHIȘAN Georgeta-Mădălina , JITEA Ionel Mugurel
Published: July 2019

Fruits and vegetables sectors are considered to be strategic in the European Union due to their contribution to a better human health. Among others positive effects, their intake increase reduce mortality and obesity, assuring in the same time harmonised development for young children. The present study thus focused to reveal the consistency of the measure implemented in the Common Agricultural Policy to support fruits and vegetables production in Romania in liaison with the policy objectives. The country is one of the main ten important European producers of horticultural products in terms of production volumes and acreage. Results showed that over the last seven years (2007-2014), the sectorial production drawbacks have not been ameliorated very much. Both sectors are dominated by small-size farms that can produce only seasonally and mainly for short-market chains. In the same time, the greenhouses area shrink to levels that made the country extremely dependent to imports especially for tomatoes. The analysis of the pillar one payments schemes revealed that the fruits and vegetables producers could have access to only one payment that was half from European averages. Moreover, almost half of the producers had low sizes that left them outside the eligible criteria. The measures designed for the second pillar also penalized producers through the selection criteria. These results showed that for Romania there was not a real consistency between the actual policy measures and the objectives assumed by policy makers. The future measures (2014-2020) seem to correct these negative findings being better tailored to the situation of the local fruits and vegetables producers.
Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Color of Hydroponic Tomato Fruits at Different Stages of Ripening
Authors: NOUR Violeta , IONICA Mira Elena , TRANDAFIR Ion
Published: July 2019

This experiment was carried out in order to study the simultaneous effect of on-vine ripening and examined cultivars on fruit quality, color development and antioxidant content in two different types of tomatoes. â€˜Admiroâ€™ and â€˜Kometâ€™ (normal average fruit weight) and â€˜Cheramyâ€™ (cherry type) cultivars grown in hydroponic culture were used. Dry matter, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, lycopene, b-carotene, total phenolic, total flavonoid content and hydrophilic antioxidant activity were measured in six ripening stages. Color of fruits was determined by CIELab system. The L*, a*, b* values were used to calculate hue angle (ho), chroma (C*) and a* to b* ratio. In all analysed cultivars total phenolic content increased as ripening progressed, reached the maximum at the pink stage and subsequently declined, while the trend of ascorbic acid was cultivar dependent. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed significant moderately strong positive correlations with total phenolics and ascorbic acid. The content of Î²-carotene increased constantly during ripening while lycopene content registered a sharp rise, especially in the last stage of ripening when 47.2% of the lycopene content was accumulated. During ripening the lightness (L*) decreased because tomato fruit colour became darker while the ratio of red to green colour increased as a result of carotenoids synthesis. Among color indexes, hue angle (ho) was best correlated with lycopene content (r = âˆ’0.758), followed by a* (r = 0.748), C* (r = 0.708) and a*/b* (r = 0.683). Better correlations were established between main carotenoids content (lycopene + b-carotene) and each of the color indexes.
Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activities of Crocus alatavicus from Kazakhstan
Authors: SATYBALDIYEVA Dariya , MURSALIYEVA Valentina , RAKHIMBAYEV Izbassar , ZAYADAN Bolatkhan , MAMMADOV Ramazan
Published: July 2019

Phytochemical analysis of C. alatavicus revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, amino acids and carbohydrates. The flavonoid, amino acids and carotenoid contents were higher in aerial part (1.50%, 7.49% and 9.78mg%, respectively) than in bulb (0.43%, 3.88% and 0.91 mg%, respectively). Total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant (TAA), 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of water, methanol, ethanol and dichloromethane extracts from aerial part and bulb were tested. TPC ranged from 13.63 to 72.29 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract. The maximum TAA were observed in ethanol (61.34%) and methanol extracts (46.13%) from aerial part with a high TPC (72.29 and 62.37 mgGAE/g extract, respectively). Ethanol extracts from aerial part and bulb had good scavenger of DPPH radicals (65.5% and 54.08%, respectively) with an IC50 387 and 447 Âµg/ml. Ethanol extract from aerial part was most effective against gram-positive bacterial strains S. aureus, B. subtilis and B. cereus. Biological activities of the extracts were correlated with the TPC. It can be deduced that ethanol and methnol extracts of C. alatavicus contains useful potent bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Non-target Bark Beetles in Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) Pheromone Traps Baited with Host Volatiles
Authors: DUDUMAN Mihai-Leonard , OLENICI Nicolai
Published: July 2019

Response of several non-target bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) to different combinations of the northern spruce bark beetleâ€™s synthetic pheromone with the monoterpenes (-)-alpha-pinene and (+)-limonene has been studied in choice experiments in the field with flight barrier traps. The experiments were organized in four Norway spruce stands (40-50 years old) outside its natural area, in the north-east of Romania, where Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) populations had reached an epidemical level. Each experiment had five treatments randomly replicated in six blocks within each experimental plot. Four non-target bark beetle species were captured together with Ips duplicatus: I. typographus (L.) (2611 beetles), Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) (184 beetles), Hylastes cunicularius Erichson (107 beetles) and Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg) (24 beetles), representing 1.77%, 0.13%, 0.07% and 0.02% respectively of total captures. Beetles of I. typographus were attracted by synthetic pheromone blend of I. duplicatus and have intensified their response in the presence of (-)-alpha-pinene or a combination between (-)-alpha-pinene and (+)-limonene, but the other species have been captured in the traps accidentally. The positive response of I. typographus to the present formulation of I. duplicatus pheromone suggests the possibility to use the pheromone dispensers for both species in the same traps when mass-trapping is the main goal, but new studies should clarify the real effects of putting together pheromone dispensers of I. typographus or P. chalcographus with those of I. duplicatus.
Effects of External Coloured Shade Nets on Sweet Peppers Cultivated in Walk-in Plastic Tunnels
Authors: OMBÓDI Attila , PÉK Zoltán , SZUVANDZSIEV Péter , TÓTHNÉ TASKOVICS Zsuzsanna , KOHÁZI-KIS Ambrus , KOVÁCS András , LEDÓNÉ DARÁZSI4, Hajnalka , HELYES Lajos
Published: July 2019

Shading effect of external nets of different colours (white, green, yellow and red) on the yield of two â€œkapijaâ€ pepper (Capsicum anuum L.) cultivars was examined in walk-in plastic tunnels in Hungary under real cultivation circumstances. Shading nets decreased incoming radiation by 23-39% and reduced photosynthetically active radiation by 32-46%. The highest retention was obtained by yellow and green nets, in the range of 450-550 nm and 550-670 nm, respectively. Relation was reported between the degree of shading and the average air temperature of the tunnels, however, treatments did not decrease tunnel air temperature significantly, compared to that of unshaded and paint-shaded control tunnels. This can be explained by the applied proper ventilation and mist irrigation. A strong and negative relation was noted between the intensity of shading and the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of leaves. Shading net treatments did not increase yields, yellow and green nets even decreased it. Instead of tunnel air temperature, yield was mainly affected by photosynthetically active radiation in the experiment. Strong positive linear relation was declared between the chlorophyll content of the leaves and the yield. Results of the current research led to the conclusions that under Hungarian climatic conditions the use of shading nets was less justified if proper cooling techniques (ventilation and mist irrigation) were applied; even under the relatively high incident radiation experienced during the trials. In greenhouses of less favourable climatic conditions, red or white shading nets are recommended instead of commonly used green ones in Hungary.
The Effects of Bud Load and Applied Water Amounts on the Biochemical Composition of the â€˜Narinceâ€™ Grape Variety (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: TANGOLAR Serpil GÖK , TANGOLAR Semih , TARIM Güzin , KELEBEK Hasim , TOPÇU Sevilay
Published: July 2019

This study evaluated the effects of various bud load and water amounts (WA) on the berry composition of the ‘Narince’ white wine grape variety. Two water amounts (WA-I and WA-II) administered during growth stages or a non-irrigated (rainfed) control treatment were paired with two different bud loads (K (normal) and 2K (two-fold buds) to assess their effects onsugar, organic acid and phenolic compound contents, as well as antioxidant capacity of the berries for a white wine grape variety ‘Narince’. Despite a slight decrease observed only in sugars in the second year, increases in all phenolic compounds examined (especially in catechin and epicatechin) were detected in the WA-I application. The total phenolic compound values obtained for 2K in the same application was also high. The antioxidant capacity values were not significantly affected by theirrigation or bud load applications. Therefore, a 2K bud load with WA-I treatments in which 50% and 75% of the cumulative evaporation from the Class A pan during berry set to veraison and veraison to ripening, respectively, are recommended for irrigation in high plateau viticulture. By maintaining or increasing the fruit composition of ‘Narince’ grapes, these treatments can optimize grape yield and the earnings of growers. In all applications, glucose (among the sugars), tartaric acid (among theorganic acids), and catechin and epicatechin (among the phenolic compounds) were higher than their counterparts.
Effectiveness of a Peptide-rich Fraction from Xenorhabdus budapestensis Culture against Fire Blight Disease on Apple Blossoms
Authors: VOZIK Dávid , BÉLAFI-BAKÓ Katalin , HEVESI Mária , BÖSZÖRMÉNYI Erzsébet , FODOR András
Published: July 2019

Erwinia amylovora is one of the most frequently occurred plant pathogenic bacterium. It causes necrosis and blight symptoms on host plantsand it lead to considerable yield losses throughout the world on apple trees. There is no effective chemical treatment is currently available against fire blight. The purpose of the present study was to search a new, alternative control method. The evaluation of the plant protection potential of an enriched fraction of Xenorhabdus budapestensis cell-free conditioned media was investigated. Purified samples were tested in vitro and in plantaagainst the phytopathogenic bacterium. A reproducible method for isolation of a peptide-rich fraction from Xenorhabdus cell-free conditionedmedia was established. The process resulted in 400 mg of dry sample prepared from three litres of Xenorhabdus cell culture. Significant correlation was found between the concentration of the purified preparation and the induced inactivation zones against Erwinia amylovora Ea1 in agardiffusion test method. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the purified fraction against Ea1strain were 8 ;g/mL and 16 ;g/mL, respectively. In planta experiments were tested on an apple cultivar (‘Watson Jonathan’) susceptible to fireblight. The effective range of concentration was 62-200 μg/mL, while treatment with 300 μg/mL and larger amounts caused necrotic symptomson the petals of flowers. Current study pointed to the effectiveness of the compounds produced by X. budapestensis against fire blight. Thedevelopment of a commercially applicable formulation of these compounds would allow growers to effectively control fire blight in apple and pearorchards.
New data analysis methods for instrumented medium-scale monopile field tests
Authors: Burd Harvey J. , Beuckelaers William J. A. P. , Byrne Byron W. , Gavin Kenneth G. , Houlsby Guy T. , Igoe David J. P. , Jardine Richard J. , Martin Christopher M. , McAdam Ross A. , Muir Wood Alastair , Potts David M. , Skov Gretlund Jesper , Taborda David M. G. , Zdravković Lidija
Published: July 2019

The PISA Joint Industry Research Project was concerned with the development of improved design methods for monopile foundations in offshore wind applications. PISA involved large-scale pile tests in overconsolidated glacial till at Cowden, north-east England, and in dense, normally consolidated marine sand at Dunkirk, northern France. This paper describes the experimental set-up for pile testing, with unique features of load-application mechanisms and built-in fibre optic strain gauges. New procedures are described for the interpretation of pile loading data, and specifically for providing precise interpretation of pile displacements.
Monotonic laterally loaded pile testing in a stiff glacial clay till at Cowden
Authors: Byrne Byron W. , McAdam Ross A. , Burd Harvey J. , Beuckelaers William J. A. P. , Gavin Kenneth G. , Houlsby Guy T. , Igoe David J. P. , Jardine Richard J. , Martin Christopher M. , Muir Wood Alastair , Potts David M. , Skov Gretlund Jesper , Taborda David M. G. , Zdravković Lidija
Published: July 2019

This paper describes the results obtained from a field testing campaign on laterally loaded monopiles conducted at Cowden, UK, where the soil consists principally of a heavily overconsolidated glacial till. These tests formed part of the PISA project on the development of improved design methods for monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines. Results obtained for monotonic loading tests on piles of three different diameters (0·273 m, 0·762 m and 2·0 m) are presented. The piles had length-to-diameter ratios (L/D) of between 3 and 10. The tests included the application of monotonic loading incorporating periods of constant load to investigate creep effects, and investigations on the influence of loading rate. Data are presented on measured bending moments and inclinations induced in the piles. Inferred data on lateral displacements of the embedded section of the piles are determined using an optimised structural model. These field data support the development of a new one-dimensional modelling approach for the design of monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines. They also form a unique database of field measurements in an overconsolidated clay, from lateral loading of piles at a vertical distance above the ground surface.
Contributions of Rare Gene Variants to Familial and Sporadic FSGS
Authors: Wang Minxian , Chun Justin , Genovese Giulio , Knob Andrea U. , Benjamin Ava , Wilkins Maris S. , Friedman David J. , Appel Gerald B. , Lifton Richard P. , Mane Shrikant , Pollak Martin R.
Published: July 2019

Significance Statement

Despite many known monogenic causes of FSGS, single gene defects explain only 30% of cases. In this study, sequencing of 662 exomes from families with FSGS and 622 control exomes validated many known FSGS-causing genes. However, for some genes previously reported as FSGS related, they identified a number of purported “disease-causing” variants in controls at similar or higher frequencies. They also identified multiple additional candidate FSGS genes in which rare variants were more common among cases. Network analysis showed that their top-ranked genes were located significantly closer to known FSGS genes compared with a random gene set. These findings imply that genetic diagnosis in patients with FSGS is complicated by the nontrivial rate of variants in known FSGS genes among people without kidney disease.

Background

Over the past two decades, the importance of genetic factors in the development of FSGS has become increasingly clear. However, despite many known monogenic causes of FSGS, single gene defects explain only 30% of cases.

Methods

To investigate mutations underlying FSGS, we sequenced 662 whole exomes from individuals with sporadic or familial FSGS. After quality control, we analyzed the exome data from 363 unrelated family units with sporadic or familial FSGS and compared this to data from 363 ancestry-matched controls. We used rare variant burden tests to evaluate known disease-associated genes and potential new genes.

Results

We validated several FSGS-associated genes that show a marked enrichment of deleterious rare variants among the cases. However, for some genes previously reported as FSGS related, we identified rare variants at similar or higher frequencies in controls. After excluding such genes, 122 of 363 cases (33.6%) had rare variants in known disease-associated genes, but 30 of 363 controls (8.3%) also harbored rare variants that would be classified as “causal” if detected in cases; applying American College of Medical Genetics filtering guidelines (to reduce the rate of false-positive claims that a variant is disease related) yielded rates of 24.2% in cases and 5.5% in controls. Highly ranked new genes include SCAF1, SETD2, and LY9. Network analysis showed that top-ranked new genes were located closer than a random set of genes to known FSGS genes.

Conclusions

Although our analysis validated many known FSGS-causing genes, we detected a nontrivial number of purported “disease-causing” variants in controls, implying that filtering is inadequate to allow clinical diagnosis and decision making. Genetic diagnosis in patients with FSGS is complicated by the nontrivial rate of variants in known FSGS genes among people without kidney disease.
EMPODERAMENTO FEMININO EM BELÉM: ANÁLISE DAS NARRATIVAS PUBLICADAS NO PERFIL DO INSTAGRAM @GIRLPOWERBELEM
Authors: AZEVEDO Ana Paula De Mesquita , JARDIM Marília , COSTA Alda Cristina Silva da
Published: July 2019

A vida social é marcada pelos diferentes tempos e movimentos culturais que presentes na sociedade, sendo um desses movimentos o feminismo que busca a igualdade entre homens e mulheres. Simmel discute, a partir da Sociologia Compreensiva que o todo deve ser tratado como sujeito da sociedade, sendo que esse grupo pode ser constituído por mulheres em busca de direitos iguais. No universo feminino, é possível perceber que se busca combater a legitimação de poder de uma sociedade machista e patriarcal, evidenciada pelos chamados meios de comunicação de massa. Entretanto, com a facilidade das novas tecnologias tem oportunizado espaço para o empoderamento feminino, principalmente em redes sociais online, como no perfil Grl Pwr Belém, na rede social online Instagram. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a força feminina em exposição no perfil @GrlPwrBelém (http://instagram.com/grlpwrbelem) por meio dos depoimentos publicados que apresentam relatos e opiniões sobre o feminismo. Foram escolhidos três depoimentos diferentes publicados no perfil e foi feita a análise narrativa dos textos. As redes sociais online têm dado voz e representação que os meios de comunicação de massa não oferecem, pois obedecem a um padrão e formam estereótipos dos demais. Os depoimentos compartilhados mostram a singularidade das pessoas a partir da aceitação do próprio corpo, sendo que é possível que outras pessoas se identifiquem com essas histórias. O presente trabalho buscou apresentar novas formas de empoderamento feminino exposto nas redes sociais online, como forma de  ativismo político e reação contra os padrões impostos pelos meios de comunicação de massa.
UM “BEST-SELLER” FRANCÊS NA BELÉM OITOCENTISTA: NOTAS SOBRE A CIRCULAÇÃO E RECEPÇÃO DO ROMANCISTA PAUL DE KOCK
Authors: PAES Alessandra Pantoja , AUGUSTI Valéria
Published: July 2019

Os estudos acerca da história do livro e da leitura revelam a intensa circulação da prosa de ficçãofrancesa no Brasil durante o século XIX. Paul de Kock está entre os romancistas francesesque mais circularam nessa época, sobretudo em livrarias e gabinetes de leitura, bem como emjornais da época. O objetivo do presente artigo é discorrer sobre a circulação do referido romancistana Belém oitocentista, bem como sobre a recepção crítica do escritor francês.