bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recommended implementation of electrical resistance tomography for conductivity mapping of metallic nanowire networks using voltage excitation
Authors: Cultrera Alessandro , Milano Gianluca , De Leo Natascia , Ricciardi Carlo , Boarino Luca , Callegaro Luca
Published: June 2021

The knowledge of the spatial distribution of the electrical conductivity of metallic nanowire networks (NWN) is important for tailoring the performance in applications. This work focuses on Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT), a technique that maps the electrical conductivity of a sample from several resistance measurements performed on its border. We show that ERT can be successfully employed for NWN characterisation if a dedicated measurement protocol is employed. When applied to other materials, ERT measurements are typically performed with a constant current excitation; we show that, because of the peculiar microscopic structure and behaviour of metallic NWN, a constant voltage excitation protocols is preferable. This protocol maximises the signal to noise ratio in the resistance measurements—and thus the accuracy of ERT maps—while preventing the onset of sample alterations.
An empirical demonstration of the effect of study design on density estimations
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Ali , Khan Barkat Ullah , Mahmood Amer , Younas Muhammad , Din Jaffar ud , Sutherland Chris
Published: June 2021

The simultaneous development of technology (e.g. camera traps) and statistical methods, particularly spatially capture–recapture (SCR), has improved monitoring of large mammals in recent years. SCR estimates are known to be sensitive to sampling design, yet existing recommendations about trap spacing and coverage are often not achieved, particularly for sampling wide-ranging and rare species in landscapes that allow for limited accessibility. Consequently, most camera trap studies on large wide-ranging carnivores relies on convenience or judgmental sampling, and often yields compromised results. This study attempts to highlight the importance of carefully considered sampling design for large carnivores that, because of low densities and elusive behavior, are challenging to monitor. As a motivating example, we use two years of snow leopard camera trapping data from the same areas in the high mountains of Pakistan but with vastly different camera configurations, to demonstrate that estimates of density and space use are indeed sensitive to the trapping array. A compact design, one in which cameras were placed much closer together than generally recommended and therefore have lower spatial coverage, resulted in fewer individuals observed, but more recaptures, and estimates of density and space use were inconsistent with expectations for the region. In contrast, a diffuse design, one with larger spacing and spatial coverage and more consistent with general recommendations, detected more individuals, had fewer recaptures, but generated estimates of density and space use that were in line with expectations. Researchers often opt for compact camera configurations while monitoring wide-ranging and rare species, in an attempt to maximize the encounter probabilities. We empirically demonstrate the potential for biases when sampling a small area approximately the size of a single home range—this arises from exposing fewer individuals than deemed sufficient for estimation. The smaller trapping array may also underestimate density by significantly inflating$$\sigma$$σ. On the other hand, larger trapping array with fewer detectors and poor design induces uncertainties in the estimates. We conclude that existing design recommendations have limited utility on practical grounds for devising feasible sampling designs for large ranging species, and more research on SCR designs is required that allows for integrating biological and habitat traits of large carnivores in sampling framework. We also suggest that caution should be exercised when there is a reliance on convenience sampling.
Influence of plasma treatment on SiO2/Si and Si3N4/Si substrates for large-scale transfer of graphene
Authors: Lukose R. , Lisker M. , Akhtar F. , Fraschke M. , Grabolla T. , Mai A. , Lukosius M.
Published: June 2021

One of the limiting factors of graphene integration into electronic, photonic, or sensing devices is the unavailability of large-scale graphene directly grown on the isolators. Therefore, it is necessary to transfer graphene from the donor growth wafers onto the isolating target wafers. In the present research, graphene was transferred from the chemical vapor deposited 200 mm Germanium/Silicon (Ge/Si) wafers onto isolating (SiO2/Si and Si3N4/Si) wafers by electrochemical delamination procedure, employing poly(methylmethacrylate) as an intermediate support layer. In order to influence the adhesion properties of graphene, the wettability properties of the target substrates were investigated in this study. To increase the adhesion of the graphene on the isolating surfaces, they were pre-treated with oxygen plasma prior the transfer process of graphene. The wetting contact angle measurements revealed the increase of the hydrophilicity after surface interaction with oxygen plasma, leading to improved adhesion of the graphene on 200 mm target wafers and possible proof-of-concept development of graphene-based devices in standard Si technologies.
Handedness effects on motor imagery during kinesthetic and visual-motor conditions
Authors: Zapała Dariusz , Iwanowicz Paulina , Francuz Piotr , Augustynowicz Paweł
Published: June 2021

Recent studies show that during a simple movement imagery task, the power of sensorimotor rhythms differs according to handedness. However, the effects of motor imagery perspectives on these differences have not been investigated yet. Our study aimed to check how handedness impacts the activity of alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (15–30 Hz) oscillations during creating a kinesthetic (KMI) or visual-motor (VMI) representation of movement. Forty subjects (20 right-handed and 20 left-handed) who participated in the experiment were tasked with imagining sequential finger movement from a visual or kinesthetic perspective. Both the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and behavioral correctness of the imagery task performance were measured. After the registration, we used independent component analysis (ICA) on EEG data to localize visual- and motor-related EEG sources of activity shared by both motor imagery conditions. Significant differences were obtained in the visual cortex (the occipital ICs cluster) and the right motor-related area (right parietal ICs cluster). In comparison to right-handers who, regardless of the task, demonstrated the same pattern in the visual area, left-handers obtained higher power in the alpha waves in the VMI task and better performance in this condition. On the other hand, only the right-handed showed different patterns in the alpha waves in the right motor cortex during the KMI condition. The results indicate that left-handers imagine movement differently than right-handers, focusing on visual experience. This provides new empirical evidence on the influence of movement preferences on imagery processes and has possible future implications for research in the area of neurorehabilitation and motor imagery-based brain–computer interfaces (MI-BCIs).
Change point detection with multiple alternatives reveals parallel evaluation of the same stream of evidence along distinct timescales
Authors: Booras Alexa , Stevenson Tanner , McCormack Connor N. , Rhoads Marie E. , Hanks Timothy D.
Published: June 2021

In order to behave appropriately in a rapidly changing world, individuals must be able to detect when changes occur in that environment. However, at any given moment, there are a multitude of potential changes of behavioral significance that could occur. Here we investigate how knowledge about the space of possible changes affects human change point detection. We used a stochastic auditory change point detection task that allowed model-free and model-based characterization of the decision process people employ. We found that subjects can simultaneously apply distinct timescales of evidence evaluation to the same stream of evidence when there are multiple types of changes possible. Informative cues that specified the nature of the change led to improved accuracy for change point detection through mechanisms involving both the timescales of evidence evaluation and adjustments of decision bounds. These results establish three important capacities of information processing for decision making that any proposed neural mechanism of evidence evaluation must be able to support: the ability to simultaneously employ multiple timescales of evidence evaluation, the ability to rapidly adjust those timescales, and the ability to modify the amount of information required to make a decision in the context of flexible timescales.
Saccadic suppression in schizophrenia
Authors: Lencer Rebekka , Meyhöfer Inga , Triebsch Janina , Rolfes Karen , Lappe Markus , Watson Tamara
Published: June 2021

About 40% of schizophrenia patients report discrete visual disturbances which could occur if saccadic suppression, the decrease of visual sensitivity around saccade onset, is impaired. Two mechanisms contribute to saccadic suppression: efference copy processing and backwards masking. Both are reportedly altered in schizophrenia. However, saccadic suppression has not been investigated in schizophrenia. 17 schizophrenia patients and 18 healthy controls performed a saccadic suppression task using a Gabor stimulus with individually adjusted contrast, which was presented within an interval 300 ms around saccade onset. Visual disturbance scores were higher in patients than controls, but saccadic suppression strength and time course were similar in both groups with lower saccadic suppression rates being similarly related to smaller saccade amplitudes. Saccade amplitudes in the saccadic suppression task were reduced in patients, in contrast to unaltered amplitudes during a saccade control task. Notably, smaller saccade amplitudes were related to higher visual disturbances scores in patients. Saccadic suppression performance was unrelated to symptom expression and antipsychotic medication. Unaltered saccadic suppression in patients suggests sufficiently intact efference copy processing and backward masking as required for this task. Instead, visual disturbances in patients may be related to restricted saccadic amplitudes arising from cognitive load while completing a task.
Experimental modeling and optimization for the reduction of hexavalent chromium in aqueous solutions using ascorbic acid
Authors: Zaib Qammer , Park Hung Suck , Kyung Daeseung
Published: June 2021

In this study, we investigated the reduction of toxic Cr(VI) to less toxic Cr(III) using ascorbic acid in various aqueous solutions: deionized water, synthetic soft water, synthetic hard water, and real tap water. The experiments were performed using a statistical experimental design. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to correlate Cr(VI) reduction (response variable) with experimental parameters such as initial Cr(VI) concentration, humic acid concentration, and ascorbic acid dosage. The empirical model obtained from the experiments was used to estimate and optimize the quantity of ascorbic acid required for the reduction of ≥ 99% Cr(VI) in water. The optimized dosages of ascorbic acid were predicted and experimentally validated for > 99.5% reduction of Cr(VI) (1, 10, 20, and 100 mg/L) in the solutions. Even a solution containing an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 100 mg/L was reduced in concentration ≥ 99.9% with optimal dosage of ascorbic acid (500 mg/L) in the presence of 20 mg/L humic acid. Moreover, the reaction kinetics (kobs-Cr(VI) = 0.71 mM−1 s−1) were sufficient to reduce the ≥ 99.9% Cr(VI) in 20 min. This study sheds new light on the effect of ascorbic acid on Cr(VI) reduction, and provides knowledge fundamental to optimize treatment of Cr(VI) contaminated water to environmentally acceptable endpoints.
Genetic engineering of porcine endothelial cell lines for evaluation of human-to-pig xenoreactive immune responses
Authors: Li Ping , Walsh Julia R. , Lopez Kevin , Isidan Abdulkadir , Zhang Wenjun , Chen Angela M. , Goggins William C. , Higgins Nancy G. , Liu Jianyun , Brutkiewicz Randy R. , Smith Lester J. , Hara Hidetaka , Cooper David K. C. , Ekser Burcin
Published: June 2021

Xenotransplantation (cross-species transplantation) using genetically-engineered pig organs offers a potential solution to address persistent organ shortage. Current evaluation of porcine genetic modifications is to monitor the nonhuman primate immune response and survival after pig organ xenotransplantation. This measure is an essential step before clinical xenotransplantation trials, but it is time-consuming, costly, and inefficient with many variables. We developed an efficient approach to quickly examine human-to-pig xeno-immune responses in vitro. A porcine endothelial cell was characterized and immortalized for genetic modification. Five genes includingGGTA1,CMAH,β4galNT2,SLA-I α chain,andβ2-microglobulinthat are responsible for the production of major xenoantigens (αGal, Neu5Gc, Sda, and SLA-I) were sequentially disrupted in immortalized porcine endothelial cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The elimination of αGal, Neu5Gc, Sda, and SLA-I dramatically reduced the antigenicity of the porcine cells, though the cells still retained their ability to provoke human natural killer cell activation. In summary, evaluation of human immune responses to genetically modified porcine cells in vitro provides an efficient method to identify ideal combinations of genetic modifications for improving pig-to-human compatibility, which should accelerate the application of xenotransplantation to humans.
Impact of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: burden of patients receiving therapies in Japan
Authors: Honda Shigeru , Yanagi Yasuo , Koizumi Hideki , Chen Yirong , Tanaka Satoru , Arimoto Manami , Imai Kota
Published: June 2021

The chronic eye disorder, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), is a common cause of permanent vision impairment and blindness among the elderly in developed countries, including Japan. This study aimed to investigate the disease burden of nAMD patients under treatment, using data from the Japan National Health and Wellness surveys 2009–2014. Out of 147,272 respondents, 100 nAMD patients reported currently receiving treatment. Controls without nAMD were selected by 1:4 propensity score matching. Healthcare Resource Utilisation (HRU), Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and work productivity loss were compared between the groups. Regarding HRU, nAMD patients had significantly increased number of visits to any healthcare provider (HCP) (13.8 vs. 8.2), ophthalmologist (5.6 vs. 0.8), and other HCP (9.5 vs. 7.1) compared to controls after adjusting for confounding factors. Additionally, nAMD patients had reduced HRQoL and work productivity, i.e., reduced physical component summary (PCS) score (46.3 vs. 47.9), increased absenteeism (18.14% vs. 0.24%), presenteeism (23.89% vs. 12.44%), and total work productivity impairment (33.57% vs. 16.24%). The increased number of ophthalmologist visits were associated with decreased PCS score, increased presenteeism and total work productivity impairment. The current study highlighted substantial burden for nAMD patients, requiring further attention for future healthcare planning and treatment development.
Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS 2) rs174575 (C/G) polymorphism, circulating lipid levels and susceptibility to type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shetty Shilpa S. , Kumari N. Suchetha
Published: June 2021

Several factors influence an individual’s susceptibility in inter-individual lipid changes and its role in the onset of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Considering the above fact, the present investigation focuses on determining the association between fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) rs174575 (C/G) polymorphism, circulating lipid levels and susceptibility to type-2 diabetes mellitus. As per the inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 429 subjects (non-diabetic-216; diabetic-213) were recruited for the study. Glycemic and lipid profile status were assessed using commercially available kits. Based on the previous reports SNP rs174575 of fatty acid desaturase gene (FADS2) was selected and identified using the dbSNP database. The amplified products were sequenced by means of Sanger sequencing method. Lipid profile status and apolipoprotein levels revealed statistically significant difference between the groups. Three models were assessed namely, recessive model (CC vs CG + GG), dominant model (CC + CG vs GG) and additive model (CC vs CG vs GG). The recessive model, displayed a statistically significant variations between the circulating lipid levels in T2DM. The multivariate model with genotype (G allele carriers), triglyceride (TG) and insulin served as a predictive model. The study results potentiate the functional link between FADS2 gene polymorphism, lipid levels and type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Characterization of brain-wide somatosensory BOLD fMRI in mice under dexmedetomidine/isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine
Authors: You Taeyi , Im Geun Ho , Kim Seong-Gi
Published: June 2021

Mouse fMRI under anesthesia has become increasingly popular due to improvement in obtaining brain-wide BOLD response. Medetomidine with isoflurane has become well-accepted for resting-state fMRI, but whether this combination allows for stable, expected, and robust brain-wide evoked response in mice has yet to be validated. We thus utilized intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous infusion of ketamine/xylazine to elucidate whether stable mouse physiology and BOLD response are obtainable in response to simultaneous forepaw and whisker-pad stimulation throughout 8 h. We found both anesthetics result in hypercapnia with depressed heart rate and respiration due to self-breathing, but these values were stable throughout 8 h. Regardless of the mouse condition, brain-wide, robust, and stable BOLD response throughout the somatosensory axis was observed with differences in sensitivity and dynamics. Dexmedetomidine/isoflurane resulted in fast, boxcar-like, BOLD response with consistent hemodynamic shapes throughout the brain. Ketamine/xylazine response showed higher sensitivity, prolonged BOLD response, and evidence for cortical disinhibition as significant bilateral cortical response was observed. In addition, differing hemodynamic shapes were observed between cortical and subcortical areas. Overall, we found both anesthetics are applicable for evoked mouse fMRI studies.
Cerebral blood volume increment after resuscitation measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy can estimate degree of hypoxic–ischemic insult in newborn piglets
Authors: Mitsuie Tsutomu , Nakamura Shinji , Htun Yinmon , Nakao Yasuhiro , Arioka Makoto , Koyano Kosuke , Morimoto Aya , Wakabayashi Takayuki , Kuroda Yasuhiro , Kusaka Takashi
Published: June 2021

Neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy is a notable cause of neonatal death and developmental disabilities. To achieve better outcomes, it is important in treatment strategy selection to categorize the degree of hypoxia ischemia and evaluate dose response. In an asphyxia piglet model with histopathological brain injuries that we previously developed, animals survived 5 days after insult and showed changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) that reflected the severity of injuries. However, little is known about the relationship between changes in CBV during and after insult. In this study, an HI event was induced by varying the amount and timing of inspired oxygen in 20 anesthetized piglets. CBV was measured using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy before, during, and 6 h after insult. Change in CBV was calculated as the difference between the peak CBV value during insult and the value at the end of insult. The decrease in CBV during insult was found to correlate with the increase in CBV within 6 h after insult. Heart rate exhibited a similar tendency to CBV, but blood pressure did not. Because the decrement in CBV was larger in severe HI, the CBV increment immediately after insult is considered useful for assessing degree of HI insult.
Task-dependent effects of nicotine treatment on auditory performance in young-adult and elderly human nonsmokers
Authors: Sun Shuping , Kapolowicz Michelle R. , Richardson Matthew , Metherate Raju , Zeng Fan-Gang
Published: June 2021

Electrophysiological studies show that nicotine enhances neural responses to characteristic frequency stimuli. Previous behavioral studies partially corroborate these findings in young adults, showing that nicotine selectively enhances auditory processing in difficult listening conditions. The present work extended previous work to include both young and older adults and assessed the nicotine effect on sound frequency and intensity discrimination. Hypotheses were that nicotine improves auditory performance and that the degree of improvement is inversely proportional to baseline performance. Young (19–23 years old) normal-hearing nonsmokers and elderly (61–80) nonsmokers with normal hearing between 500 and 2000 Hz received nicotine gum (6 mg) or placebo gum in a single-blind, randomized crossover design. Participants performed three experiments (frequency discrimination, frequency modulation identification, and intensity discrimination) before and after treatment. The perceptual differences were analyzed between pre- and post-treatment, as well as between post-treatment nicotine and placebo conditions as a function of pre-treatment baseline performance. Compared to pre-treatment performance, nicotine significantly improved frequency discrimination. Compared to placebo, nicotine significantly improved performance for intensity discrimination, and the improvement was more pronounced in the elderly with lower baseline performance. Nicotine had no effect on frequency modulation identification. Nicotine effects are task-dependent, reflecting possible interplays of subjects, tasks and neural mechanisms.
Case–control diagnostic accuracy study of a non-sputum CD38-based TAM-TB test from a single milliliter of blood
Authors: Hiza Hellen , Hella Jerry , Arbués Ainhoa , Magani Beatrice , Sasamalo Mohamed , Gagneux Sebastien , Reither Klaus , Portevin Damien
Published: June 2021

CD4 T cell phenotyping-based blood assays have the potential to meet WHO target product profiles (TPP) of non-sputum-biomarker-based tests to diagnose tuberculosis (TB). Yet, substantial refinements are required to allow their implementation in clinical settings. This study assessed the real time performance of a simplified T cell activation marker (TAM)-TB assay to detect TB in adults from one millilitre of blood with a 24 h turnaround time. We recruited 479 GeneXpert positive cases and 108 symptomatic but GeneXpert negative controls from presumptive adult TB patients in the Temeke District of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. TAM-TB assay accuracy was assessed by comparison with a composite reference standard comprising GeneXpert and solid culture. A single millilitre of fresh blood was processed to measure expression of CD38 or CD27 by CD4 T cells producing IFN-γ and/or TNF-α in response to a synthetic peptide pool covering the sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) ESAT-6, CFP-10 and TB10.4 antigens on a 4-color FACSCalibur apparatus. Significantly superior to CD27 in accurately diagnosing TB, the CD38-based TAM-TB assay specificity reached 93.4% for a sensitivity of 82.2% with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.87 (95% CI 0.84–0.91). The assay performance was not significantly affected by HIV status. To conclude, we successfully implemented TAM-TB immunoassay routine testing with a 24 h turnaround time at district level in a resource limited setting. Starting from one millilitre of fresh blood and being not influenced by HIV status, TAM-TB assay format and performance appears closely compatible with the optimal TPP accuracy criteria defined by WHO for a non-sputum confirmatory TB test.
Targeting therapy-resistant lung cancer stem cells via disruption of the AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN positive-feedback loop
Authors: Kim In-Gyu , Lee Jei-Ha , Kim Seo-Yeon , Heo Chang-Kyu , Kim Rae-Kwon , Cho Eun-Wie
Published: June 2021

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as essential targets to overcome tumor progression and therapeutic resistance; however, practical targeting approaches are limited. Here, we identify testis-specific Y-like protein 5 (TSPYL5) as an upstream regulator of CSC-associated genes in non-small cell lung cancer cells, and suggest as a therapeutic target for CSC elimination. TSPYL5 elevation is driven by AKT-dependent TSPYL5 phosphorylation at threonine-120 and stabilization via inhibiting its ubiquitination. TSPYL5-pT120 also induces nuclear translocation and functions as a transcriptional activator of CSC-associated genes, ALDH1 and CD44. Also, nuclear TSPYL5 suppresses the transcription of PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K signaling. TSPYL5-pT120 maintains persistent CSC-like characteristics via transcriptional activation of CSC-associated genes and a positive feedback loop consisting of AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN signaling pathway. Accordingly, elimination of TSPYL5 by inhibiting TSPYL5-pT120 can block aberrant AKT/TSPYL5/PTEN cyclic signaling and TSPYL5-mediated cancer stemness regulation. Our study suggests TSPYL5 be an effective target for therapy-resistant cancer.
Biological gel-based microchamber array for tumor cell proliferation and migration studies in well-controlled biochemical gradients
Authors: Yao Jingru , Li Guoqiang , Jiao Yang , Zheng Yu , Liu Yanping , Wang Gao , Zhou Lianjie , Zhang Hongfei , Zhang Xianquan , Shuai Jianwei , Fan Qihui , Ye Fangfu , Lou Silong , Chen Guo , Song Kena , Liao Yong , Liu Liyu
Published: June 2021

A microchamber array with composite ECM device enables the construction of a more realistic model for investigating cancer migration mechanisms and has potential to serve as a platform for personalized medicine screening.
Characterization of a fast response fiber-optic pH sensor and illustration in a biological application
Authors: Werner Jan , Belz Mathias , Klein Karl-Friedrich , Sun Tong , Grattan K. T. V.
Published: June 2021

A new design of fiber optic-based pH sensor probe with fast response sensing tip. The system has been evaluated and preliminary results reported are highly promising and show a significant improvement in the sensor performance.
Potential and applications of capillary electrophoresis for analyzing traditional Chinese medicine: a critical review
Authors: Xu Mengchang , Zhang Hanyong , Tang Tong , Zhou Ji , Zhou Wenhu , Tan Songwen , He Binsheng
Published: June 2021

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) presents a promising possibility for analyzing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its low reagent consumption, high analysis speed, and enhanced efficiency.
Self-assembled supramolecular nanomicelles from a bile acid–docetaxel conjugate are highly tolerable with improved therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Sreekanth Vedagopuram , Pal Sanjay , Kumar Sandeep , Komalla Varsha , Yadav Poonam , Shyam Radhey , Sengupta Sagar , Bajaj Avinash
Published: June 2021

Nanomicelles engineered from a PEGylated lithocholic acid–docetaxel conjugate are highly tolerable and more effective in tumor regression than the clinically used docetaxel formulation.
Electrical stimulation of neural-differentiating iPSCs on novel coaxial electroconductive nanofibers
Authors: Garrudo Fábio F. F. , Nogueira Diogo E. S. , Rodrigues Carlos A. V. , Ferreira Flávio A. , Paradiso Patrizia , Colaço Rogério , Marques Ana C. , Cabral Joaquim M. S. , Morgado Jorge , Linhardt Robert J. , Ferreira Frederico Castelo
Published: June 2021

Coaxial PCL-PANI/PGS fibers are biodegradable and electroconductive (0.063 ± 0.029 S cm−1) for 21 days in PBS. Electrical stimulation of cultured iNPCs (30 days) lead to a dominant excitatory (VGLUT1) neural profile over an inhibitory (GAD67) one.
FeSe2 nanosheets as a bifunctional platform for synergistic tumor therapy reinforced by NIR-II light
Authors: Fang Lan , Wang Jie , Ouyang Xueliang , Liang Binbin , Zhao Liying , Huang Dechun , Deng Dawei
Published: June 2021

FeSe2 nanosheets, relying on their inherent NIR-II-mediated photothermal property and photothermal-enhanced photodynamic performance, provide a new paradigm for the design of advanced drug carriers.
Transdermal delivery of heparin using low-frequency sonophoresis in combination with sponge spicules for venous thrombosis treatment
Authors: Zhai Haojie , Zhang Chi , Ou Huilong , Chen Ming
Published: June 2021

This study reports that the use of low-frequency sonophoresis (LFS) in combination with sponge Haliclona sp. spicules (SHS), referred to as cSoSp (combined Sonophoresis and Spicules), can enhance the transdermal drug delivery in a synergistic manner.
In situ synthesis of fluorescent polydopamine on biogenic MnO2 nanoparticles as stimuli responsive multifunctional theranostics
Authors: Liu Jin , Zhang Meizhou , Wu Yuzhou
Published: June 2021

Multifunctional nanocomposites have drawn great attention in clinical applications because of their ability to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic functions.
3D printing of lubricative stiff supramolecular polymer hydrogels for meniscus replacement
Authors: Fan Chuanchuan , Xu Ziyang , Wu Tengling , Cui Chunyan , Liu Yang , Liu Bo , Yang Jianhai , Liu Wenguang
Published: June 2021

Thickening a concentrated solution of a multiple-H-bonding monomer (MHM) and a zwitterion monomer (ZM) with a soft poly(MHM-co-ZM) gel enables direct printing of the MHM, and post-polymerization generates a stiff and lubricative hydrogel meniscus.
Self-assembly and activation of a titania-nanotube based photocatalyst for H2 evolution
Authors: Fu Fan , Wu Zhenni , Cha Gihoon , Schmuki Patrik
Published: June 2021

Over days of illumination, amorphous TiO2 nanotubes in a suitable precursor solution can trigger the self-assembly of an increasingly active photocatalyst.
Electrochemical ammonia synthesis from nitrite assisted by in situ generated hydrogen atoms on a nickel phosphide catalyst
Authors: Yang Xiao , Kang Lei , Wang Chuan-Jun , Liu Fulai , Chen Yong
Published: June 2021

Highly selective ammonia generation was achieved using a Ni2P catalyst through the electrochemical reduction of NaNO2. Hydrogen atoms in situ generated on the surface of Ni2P by electrochemical pretreatment greatly promoted the reaction rate.
Preferential solvation of carbohydrates in water–trifluoroethanol mixtures: a solvent detected heteronuclear NMR approach
Authors: Chaubey Bhawna , Chandrakumar Narayanan , Pal Samanwita
Published: June 2021

A combination of multi-field spin–lattice relaxation rate (R1) measurements allowed deciphering preferential solvation of carbohydrates by TFE over D2O in a co-solvent medium establishing direct proportionality of (R1) to correlation time.
Diffusion of protons and sodium ions in silicophosphate glasses: insight based on first-principles molecular dynamic simulations
Authors: Takada Kazuya , Tamura Tomoyuki , Maeda Hirotaka , Kasuga Toshihiro
Published: June 2021

We propose a microscopic diffusion mechanism of protons and Na+ ions in phosphate glasses using first-principles molecular dynamic simulations.
Eu(tta)3DPPZ-based organic light-emitting diodes: spin-coating vs. vacuum-deposition
Authors: Kuznetsov Kirill M. , Kozlov Makarii I. , Aslandukov Andrey N. , Vashchenko Andrey A. , Medved'ko Aleksei V. , Latipov Egor V. , Goloveshkin Alexander S. , Tsymbarenko Dmitry M. , Utochnikova Valentina V.
Published: June 2021

OLED with spin-coated EML (Eu(tta)3DPPZ (25%):CBP) was superior to the identical OLED with the EML deposited from vapor phase. The reason for that was the higher density and smoothness of the solution-processed layer.
Dual mode emissions with enhanced green up-conversion luminescence by Gd3+doping and down-conversion from Eu3+in NaMnF3:Yb,Er@NaGdF4:Eu
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Zhang Wenjun , Li Guojing , Liu Ruxin
Published: June 2021

NaMnF3:Yb,Er shows single band red emissions of Er3+at 980 nm, while NaMnF3:Yb,Er@NaGdF4:Eu shows green up-conversion emission due to the presence of Gd3+, and red down-conversion emission of Eu3+.
Luminescence thermometry based on one-dimensional benzoato-bridged coordination polymers containing lanthanide ions
Authors: Topor Alexandru , Avram Daniel , Dascalu Radu , Maxim Catalin , Tiseanu Carmen , Andruh Marius
Published: June 2021

Luminescent europium and terbium benzoato-bridged 1D coordination polymers have been characterized and employed for luminescence thermometry.
A review on platinum(0) nanocatalysts for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane
Authors: Özkar Saim
Published: June 2021

This review reports a survey on the progress in developing highly efficient platinum nanocatalysts for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB).
Finding essentiality feasible: common questions and misinterpretations concerning the “essential-use” concept
Authors: Cousins Ian T. , De Witt Jamie C. , Glüge Juliane , Goldenman Gretta , Herzke Dorte , Lohmann Rainer , Miller Mark , Ng Carla A. , Patton Sharyle , Scheringer Martin , Trier Xenia , Wang Zhanyun
Published: June 2021

The essential-use concept is a tool that can guide the phase-out of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and potentially other harmful substances of concern.
The role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of host depression and mechanism of TPs relieving depression
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Zufang , Cheng Lu , Zhang Xin , Yang Haining
Published: June 2021

Depression is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disease with a high recurrence rate, affecting over 350 million people worldwide.
Solid phase functionalization of MWNTs: an eco-friendly approach for carbon-based conductive inks
Authors: Koutsioukis Apostolos , Belessi Vassiliki , Georgakilas Vasilios
Published: June 2021

Carbon nanotubes functionalized by a solvent free reaction are mixed with graphene nanosheets into a water dispersible all carbon hybrid, which combined with a resin from renewable materials leads to an eco-friendly conductive all carbon ink.
Photothermal CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons over trimetallic Co–Cu–Mn catalysts
Authors: He Zhen-Hong , Li Zhu-Hui , Wang Zhong-Yu , Wang Kuan , Sun Yong-Chang , Wang Sen-Wang , Wang Wei-Tao , Yang Yang , Liu Zhao-Tie
Published: June 2021

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a highly vital process for converting CO2 into valuable chemicals.
High-throughput optofluidic screening for improved microbial cell factories via real-time micron-scale productivity monitoring
Authors: Rienzo Matthew , Lin Ke-Chih , Mobilia Kellen C. , Sackmann Eric K. , Kurz Volker , Navidi Adam H. , King Jarett , Onorato Robert M. , Chao Lawrence K. , Wu Tony , Jiang Hanxiao , Valley Justin K. , Lionberger Troy A. , Leavell Michael D.
Published: June 2021

We describe high-throughput (>103 strains per week) methods for discovery of engineered microbial strains with improved secretion phenotype. These novel approaches use real-time monitoring of colony productivity under steady-state or batch culture.
Designing electrode materials for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
Authors: Ayyub Mohd Monis , Rao C. N. R.
Published: June 2021

A review discussing materials and mechanism for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.
Heparanized chitosans: towards the third generation of chitinous biomaterials
Authors: Revuelta Julia , Fraile Isabel , Monterrey Dianelis T. , Peña Nerea , Benito-Arenas Raúl , Bastida Agatha , Fernández-Mayoralas Alfonso , García-Junceda Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Sulfation of chitosan makes this polymer a closer mimic of heparins and heparan sulfates, giving rise to the so called heparanized chitosan, that exert their biological activities through their capacity to interact with a range of biological targets.
Electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, fluorescence sensing and CO2RR properties of a series of homopolymolybdate hybrid coordination polymers
Authors: Zhang Baoyue , Ying Jun , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Chen , Tian Aixiang
Published: June 2021

A series of POM-based materials can be used as photoelectric sensors, showing high catalytic activities for CO2RR, which are significant for environmental protection and energy shortage.
The pH- and salt-controlled self-assembly of [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]-benzothiophene–peptide conjugates in supramolecular hydrogels
Authors: Fortunato Anna , Sanzone Alessandro , Mattiello Sara , Beverina Luca , Mba Miriam
Published: June 2021

Salt- and pH-triggered supramolecular hydrogels were obtained from a novel [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT)-peptide hybrid.
Polytype wurtzite-nH ZnS (n = 2 and 8): facile synthesis and photocatalytic hydrogen production under sacrificial reagents
Authors: Ren Huajuan , Ye Kun , Chen Haoyu , Zhou Xuemei , Wang Feiyu , Shi Qiaofang , Diao Guowang , Chen Ming
Published: June 2021

Zinc sulfide, as an excellent catalyst, has attracted a lot of attention from scholars owing to its photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting in the ultraviolet (UV) region.
Impact of atomistic or crystallographic descriptors for classification of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Haonan , Barnard Amanda S.
Published: June 2021

Nanoscience is multi-disciplinary and nanoparticles can be described in different ways. Using pattern recognition we show that choice of descriptors can influence the amount of detail from machine learning, but not necessarily the underlying trends.
Self-cascade MoS2 nanozymes for efficient intracellular antioxidation and hepatic fibrosis therapy
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Shitong , Yang Zaixing , Wang Zhuanhua , Tian Xin , Zhou Ruhong
Published: June 2021

MoS2 nanosheets can function as a self-cascade platform for cellular ROS scavenging and hepatic fibrosis therapy.
Group 13 Lewis acid catalyzed synthesis of metal oxide nanocrystals via hydroxide transmetallation
Authors: Gibson Noah J. , Bredar Alexandria R. C. , Chakraborty Nilave , Farnum Byron H.
Published: June 2021

Group 13 Lewis acids catalyze the formation of Cu2O nanocrystals through a unique transmetallation step involving hydroxide ligands.
The effects of the formation of a multi-scale reinforcing phase on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a Ti2AlC/TiAl alloy
Authors: Fang Hongze , Wang Shu , Chen Ruirun , Xu Qin , Yan Yongda , Su Yanqing , Guo Jingjie
Published: June 2021

Via controlling the carbon content, a multiscale reinforcing phase, especially a nano-reinforcement phase in the α2 lamellar, is formed. This not only improves the microstructure but also improves the room and high temperature mechanical properties.
Quasi-2D lead-free halide perovskite using superalkali cations for red-light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhou Tingwei , Kuang Anlong
Published: June 2021

We obtained the quasi-2D [C6H5(CH2)2NH3]2H5O2Sn2Br7 perovskite with stable dynamics performance, excellent electronic structure, suitable exciton binding energy and direct band gap, suggesting that the quasi-2D perovskite can be used in the red-light-emitting diodes.
One-pot synthesis of N-substituted benzannulated triazoles via stable arene diazonium salts
Authors: McGrory Rochelle , Faggyas Réka J. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: June 2021

A mild and efficient synthesis of benzannulated triazoles has been developed via a one-pot diazotisation–cyclisation process using a polymer-supported nitrite reagent and p-tosic acid.
Diastereoselective synthesis of spiro[carbazole-3,5′-pyrimidines] and spiro[carbazole-3,1′-cyclohexanes] via four-component reaction
Authors: Zhan Shao-Cong , Fang Ren-Jie , Sun Jing , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: June 2021

Functionalized spiro[carbazole-3,5′-pyrimidines] and spiro[carbazole-3,1′-cyclohexanes] were efficiently synthesized with high diastereoselectivity by CuSO4 catalyzed multicomponent reaction.
Methionine-based carbon monoxide releasing polymer for the prevention of biofilm formation
Authors: Maiti Binoy , Ng Gervase , Abramov Alex , Boyer Cyrille , Díaz David Díaz
Published: June 2021

A new water-soluble methionine-based CO releasing polymer shows slow and spontaneous release of CO with sustained-release kinetics, preventing biofilm formation against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Synthesis of well-defined diblock copolymer nano-objects by RAFT non-aqueous emulsion polymerization of N-(2-acryloyloxy)ethyl pyrrolidone in non-polar media
Authors: Gibson R. R. , Fernyhough A. , Musa O. M. , Armes S. P.
Published: June 2021

RAFT non-aqueous emulsion polymerization of N-(2-acryloyloxy)ethyl pyrrolidone in n-dodecane using a poly(stearyl methacrylate) precursor is used to prepare sterically-stabilized nanoparticles, which are evaluated as a putative Pickering emulsifier.
Structure determination and magnetic properties of the Mn-doped MAX phase Cr2GaC
Authors: Siebert Jan P. , Mallett Shayna , Juelsholt Mikkel , Pazniak Hanna , Wiedwald Ulf , Page Katharine , Birkel Christina S.
Published: June 2021

Sol gel synthesis and detailed (micro)structural and magnetic investigation of Mn-doped Cr2GaC MAX phase revealing unique magnetic behavior.
Brønsted acid and Lewis acid co-promoted cascade cyclization reaction and application to the total synthesis of Erysotramidine
Authors: Ju Xiaolin , Hu Xiaojun , Shi Hongliang , Ma Shiqiang , He Feifei , Wang Xiaolei , Xie Xingang , She Xuegong
Published: June 2021

A strategy for the syntheses of pyrrolo [2,1-a] isoquinolines and indolizinoindolones via a Brønsted acid and Lewis acid co-promoted cascade reaction has been developed. The strategy was exemplified in the total synthesis of Erysotramidine.
Electronic and optical properties of orthorhombic (CH3NH3)BX3 (B = Sn, Pb; X = F, Cl, Br, I) perovskites: a first-principles investigation
Authors: Nations Sean , Jia Ting , Wang Shengnian , Duan Yuhua
Published: June 2021

The electronic and optical properties of orthorhombic (CH3NH3)BX3 (B = Sn, Pb; X = F, Cl, Br, I) were investigated by first-principles density functional theory.
Facile synthetic routes for photocatalytic Pb3(BTC)2·H2O coordination polymers
Authors: Ma Jinxiu , Feng Zhijuan , Wei Jianyu , Li Feng , Li Taohai , Zhang Dabin
Published: June 2021

Pb3(BTC)2·H2O was fabricated by hydrothermal, ultrasonic and reflux methods. The results indicated that different reaction conditions have a great impact on the photocatalytic performance of the products.
Investigation of anti-aging of SBS modified bitumen containing surface organic layered double hydroxide
Authors: Zhang Canlin , Dong Hongjun , Wang Ting , Xu Song , He Jun , Fang Lei , Hu Changbin
Published: June 2021

OLDH exhibits excellent improvement on the thermo-oxidative aging and ultraviolet aging resistance of SBS modified bitumen.
A practical method for the aziridination of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with a simple carbamate utilizing sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate
Authors: Umeda Takehiro , Minakata Satoshi
Published: June 2021

The efficient formation of tert-butyl N-chloro-N-sodio-carbamate by the reaction of simple tert-butyl carbamate with sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate would be a practical and green method for the aziridination of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
Prospects and challenges in designing photocatalytic particle suspension reactors for solar fuel processing
Authors: Nandy Swarnava , Savant Sangram Ashok , Haussener Sophia
Published: June 2021

This perspective discusses the various possible conceptual designs for particle suspension reactors and the related implications on the material and reactor requirements to achieve high STH conversion efficiencies.
Efficient utilization of crude bio-oil: the synthesis of nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Xu Jiahuan , Xue Beichen , Liu Chao , Xia Chunlin , Li Ming , Xiao Rui
Published: June 2021

Crude bio-oil is transformed into NHPCs as catalysts for ORR via a facile metal salt template method.
Thermophobic Leidenfrost
Authors: Bouillant Ambre , Lafoux Baptiste , Clanet Christophe , Quéré David
Published: June 2021

We report that a volatile liquid or a sublimating solid deposited on a hot substrate with a gradient of temperature does not only levitate (Leidenfrost effect), but also spontaneously accelerates to the cold.
Light-driven Ti3C2 MXene micromotors: self-propelled autonomous machines for photodegradation of nitroaromatic explosives
Authors: Mayorga-Martinez Carmen C. , Vyskočil Jan , Novotný Filip , Pumera Martin
Published: June 2021

Light powered self-propelled 2D-material MXene-based sandwitch micromachines degrade high-energy exposives on a go.
Design of triple and quadruple phase boundaries and chemistries for environmental SO2 electrochemical sensing
Authors: Balaish Moran , Rupp Jennifer L. M.
Published: June 2021

Favorably engineering sensing reaction zones from triple phase boundaries to quadrupole phase boundaries towards enriching the functionality of the Li-garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 fast-conducting electrolyte for sensing applications beyond batteries.
Photo-assisted high performance single atom electrocatalysis of the N2 reduction reaction by a Mo-embedded covalent organic framework
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhang Zhihua , Qi Siyun , Fan Yingcai , Yang Yanmei , Li Weifeng , Zhao Mingwen
Published: June 2021

Through theoretical calculations, we report the remarkably high catalytic activity and excellent selectivity of Mo-doped Pc-TFPN COF for the N2 fixation and reduction reaction under ambient conditions.
Efficient electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to syngas for the Fischer–Tropsch process using a partially reduced Cu3P nanowire
Authors: Chang Bing , Zhang Xia-Guang , Min Zhaojun , Lu Weiwei , Li Zhiyong , Qiu Jikuan , Wang Huiyong , Fan Jing , Wang Jianji
Published: June 2021

A partially reduced cuprous phosphide nanowire with surface phosphorus vacancies supported by copper foam (R-Cu3P/Cu) was synthesized by a doping-induced strategy, and the R-Cu3P/Cu shows outstanding activity for CO2-to-syngas conversion.
Two-dimensional crystalline covalent triazine frameworks via dual modulator control for efficient photocatalytic oxidation of sulfides
Authors: Wang Xuepeng , Zhang Siquan , Li Xia , Zhan Zhen , Tan Bien , Lang Xianjun , Jin Shangbin
Published: June 2021

Two-dimensional crystalline covalent triazine frameworks (2D-CTFs) are emerging 2D materials with the characteristics of fully annulated conjugated structures and aromatic nitrogen-rich skeletons.
A time and resource efficient machine learning assisted design of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors for P3HT-based organic solar cells and green solvent selection
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Wang Jin-Liang
Published: June 2021

A time and money efficient machine learning assisted design of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors for P3HT based organic solar cells is reported. Green solvents are also selected using machine learning predicted Hansen solubility parameters.
A fluorescence-activatable tumor-reporting probe for precise photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Tingting , Jiang Feng , Hong Zhangyong , Su Xinhui , Li Shuang , Han Shoufa
Published: June 2021

Approaches that could enable precise photodynamic therapy (PDT) are of therapeutic potential.
Understanding selectivity of metabolic labelling and click-targeting in multicellular environments as a route to tissue selective drug delivery
Authors: Tan Angel , Liu Qingtao , Septiadi Dedy , Chu Shuiling , Liu Tianqing , Richards Sarah-Jane , Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara , Petri-Fink Alke , Gibson Matthew I. , Boyd Ben J.
Published: June 2021

The efficiency of metabolic labelling and click-chemistry to attach nanoparticles to cell surfaces is different between different cell populations in co-culture formats.
Theranostic two-dimensional superparamagnetic maghemite quantum structures for ROS-mediated cancer therapy
Authors: Rehman Yaser , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Xiaolin , Huang Xu-Feng , Konstantinov Konstantin
Published: June 2021

In this work, size- and shape-controlled two-dimensional (2D) superparamagnetic maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) quantum flakes (MQFs) with high surface area and mesoporosity were prepared by facile hydrothermal synthesis for biological applications.