bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemberian Metode Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercise Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) pada Remaja Putri
Authors: Amarseto Binuko , Ariyanti Lilik , Awanis Almas
Published: July 2021

Usia remaja merupakan usia peralihan dari masa kanak-kanak menuju masa dewasa. Pada usia remaja banyak perubahan yang terjadi, yaitu perubahan fisik karena bertambahnya massa otot, bertambahnya jaringan lemak dalam tubuh, juga terjadi perubahan hormonal. Remaja putri merupakan salah satu golongan yang rawan menderita anemia gizi besi karena mengalami menstruasi atau haid berkala yang mengeluarkan zat besi setiap bulan. Salah satu teknik untuk relaksasi adalah teknik PMR Jacobson. PMR menurut Jacobson adalah suatu keterampilan yang dipelajari dan digunakan untuk mengurangi atau menghilangkan ketegangan serta menimbulkan rasa nyaman tanpa tergantung pada subjek diluar dirinya. PMR ini digunakan untuk mengurangi rasa cemas, stres, atau ketegangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian metode progressive muscle relaxation exercise terhadap kadar hemoglobin (Hb) pada remaja putri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi pre-eksperimental menggunakan rancangan one grup pretest-posstest design. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Sampel penelitian yaitu remaja yang berjumlah 90 orang dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon test dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan jumlah responden terbanyak adalah rombongan belajar 10 dengan jumlah 32 responden (35,6%), jumlah responden rombongan belajar 11 berjumlah 30 responden (33,3%) dan yang paling sedikit adalah rombongan belajar 12 dengan jumlah 28 responden (31,1%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian metode progressive muscle relaxation exercise terhadap kadar hemoglobin (Hb) pada remaja putri (p<0,05). Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa progressive muscle relaxation exercise dapat meningkatkan pengaruh kadar hemoglobin (Hb) pada remaja putri. Aktivitas fisik tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kadar hemoglobin karena zat gizi yang dikonsumsi masuk ke dalam tubuh dibantu prosesnya untuk pembentukan hemoglobin (Hb).
Психолого-дидактичні особливості уроку в сучасній початковій школі в контексті педагогічних ідей Василя Сухомлинського
Authors: Омельчук Володимир
Published: July 2021

У статті розглядається проблема організаційних форм навчання, серед яких ключова роль відведена уроку, який і сьогодні, в умовах Нової української школи, забезпечує вирішення важливих освітніх завдань. Схарактеризовано зміни в типології та структурі сучасних уроків, застосування новітніх засобів і технологій навчання. Особливу увагу закцентовано на важливості використання педагогічних ідей та поглядів Василя Сухомлинського в сучасній школі. З’ясовано, що урок як дидактична категорія загалом та методика його проведення зокрема посідає одне з ключових місць у педагогічній системі видатного педагога, який особливу увагу приділяв удосконаленню освітнього процесу в початкових класах шляхом внесення корективів та психолого-дидактичних порад до проведення уроків; визначив структуру уроків, їхні дидактичні принципи, а також методи та завдання. Важливу роль відведено психологічній культурі вчителя, оцінюванню знань учнів, а також подорожам, спостереженням і особливо – досвіду проведення уроків у Школі під блакитним небом та в Школі радості. Зроблено висновок, що найкращий урок – той, який пробуджує не тільки розум дитини, а й торкається її серця.
Виховання компетентної особистості в Новій українській школі
Authors: Гавлітіна Тетяна
Published: July 2021

У статті окреслено сутність компетентності особистості для теорії і практики виховання в умовах упровадження Концепції «Нова українська школа». Схарактеризовано програмно-педагогічні засоби формування практичної здатності особистості діяти відповідально на основі цінностей в умовах цілісного освітнього процесу. Визначено пріоритети цілеспрямованого освітнього процесу щодо єдності навчання, виховання, розвитку особистості, а також інструменти й механізми врахування ціннісного потенціалу компетентностей на основі сутнісного наповнення ціннісного ставлення особистості до навколишнього світу в загальній структурі компетентності й орієнтирах виховання. Закцентовано увагу на вихованні компетентної особистості та об’єктивній характеристиці ціннісної спрямованості особистості, формуванні в неї ідейних переконань і готовності чинити морально. Обґрунтовано взаємозв’язок цінностей та компетентностей для розвитку ціннісно орієнтованої діяльності особистості як можливості проявляти себе, задовольняти потреби та розвивати інтереси, жити і працювати в реальних умовах. Доведено, що компетентність у Новій українській школі формується на основі системи цінностей, які сприяють прояву практичної здатності (компетенції) та набуттю індивідуального соціального досвіду особистості.
Профорієнтаційний потенціал steаm-проєкту «Геометрія духовності української вишивки» як складова нової філософії природничо-математичної освіти
Authors: Марченко Олена
Published: July 2021

У статті досліджуються перспективні напрями упровадження STEАM-проєктів як педагогічної технології реалізації Концепції розвитку природничо-математичної освіти (STEM-освіти), затвердженої розпорядженням Кабінету Міністрів України. Розкриті ключові ідеї та цілі освітнього STEАM-проєкту «Геометрія духовності української вишивки», що є складовою Регіонального науково-методичного проєкту «Культурні коди математики», який являє собою приклад інноваційної педагогічної технології реалізації перспективних цілей і завдань вітчизняної Концепції розвитку природничо-математичної освіти (STEM-освіти).  Актуальність проблеми дослідження полягає у необхідності розробки інноваційних педагогічний ідей і методів упровадження STEM-орієнтованого освітнього середовища як важливої передумови реалізації компетентнісного підходу до навчання математики. Практична значущість проблеми, яка висвітлюється, полягає в тому, що STEАM-проєкти (STEM and ARTS), які поєднують не лише природничі галузі, зокрема технології та математику, а й креативні освітні напрями – прикладне мистецтво, дизайн тощо, сприяють усвідомленій професійній орієнтації здобувачів освіти та вибору майбутньої STEM-професії. STEАM-проєкт «Геометрія духовності української вишивки» являє собою приклад інноваційної педагогічної технології реалізації перспективних цілей і завдань вітчизняної Концепції розвитку природничо-математичної освіти (STEM-освіти).
Computing power indices for weighted voting games via dynamic programming
Authors: Staudacher Jochen , Kóczy László Á. , Stach Izabella , Filipp Jan , Kramer Marcus , Noffke Till , Olsson Linus , Pichler Jonas , Singer Tobias
Published: July 2021

We study the efficient computation of power indices for weighted voting games using the paradigm of dynamic programming. We survey the state-of-the-art algorithms for computing the Banzhaf and Shapley-Shubik indices and point out how these approaches carry over to related power indices. Within a unified framework, we present new efficient algorithms for the Public Good index and a recently proposed power index based on minimal winning coalitions of smallest size, as well as a very first method for computing Johnston indices for weighted voting games efficiently. We introduce a software package providing fast C++ implementations of all the power indices mentioned in this article, discuss computing times, as well as storage requirements.
Is Halal Certification Necessary for Exporting to Islamic Countries? Focus on OIC Countries
Authors: YUN Eun Kyeong , LEE Hee-Yul , KIM Dong-Hwan
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Halal means permissible or lawful in Arabic and is applied to both the religious and daily life of Muslims. Islamic Law Shariah requires Muslims to consume halal products only. But with the expansion of supply chains around the world and the development of many
new products, Muslim consumers have found it difficult to confirm whether food is halal or not. Also, as many foods are produced in non- Muslim countries and exported to Muslim countries, interest in halal certification in non-Muslim countries is increasing. With several Islamic countries
strengthening their halal certification regulation for import in recent years, there is no accurate information on whether halal certification is necessary to export to Muslim countries or the Islamic State, and is lack of clear study of the definition of the Islamic State. Therefore, in this
research, we will investigate the constitution and food import regulations of the Organization for Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member states, called the Union of Islamic States, to study the definition of Islamic State and whether halal certification is necessary for food exports.
New method for detection of methane escape from the main pipelines
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Eminov R.A. , Ismaylov M.M. ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry
Published: July 2021

Total methane content in the atmosphere has increased for two times during last two hundred years. Since 1900s, the annual rate of growth for methane dramatically increased. The sources of methane emissions to the air are their storage reservoirs, different oil-gas refineries, main pipelines and their transport facilities as well. A new method for detection of methane escape from the main pipelines has been developed and the order of its realization shown. Mathematic algorithm of the method is presented and the calculation formula for optical thickness of methane over the track obtained. Obtained formula allows diagnosing the escapes in gas pipelines distantly. Block-scheme of operation algorithm of the realization of offered method has been developed as well.
The sources of groundwater contamination in Sumgaitchay-Shabranchay interfluv area
Authors:   National Geological Exploration Servicе, Azerbaijan Republic, Salahov S.Sh. , Salahova U.S. ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry
Published: July 2021

As a result of researches conducted in Precaspian zone in Sumgaitchay-Shabranchay interfluve area, intensive swamping process has been revealed. Hydrocarbon migration to the groundwater occurs during the oil-gas recovery processes in Siazan area. The geological-ecological conditions are different in various (Chandagar-Zarat, Siazan-Nardaran, Saadan-Amirkhanly, Zaghli-Zeyva) zones. The main factor here is oil. Moreover, it is necessary to consider the geological structure of the area, lithological composition of the rocks, groundwater depth, as well as their dynamics and other parameters. Due to the farm operations in Shabran area the groundwater are contaminated with peptisides. Baku-Novorossiysk northern oil pipeline passing through Sumgaitchay-Shabranchay area still remains main hazard in groundwater contamination. All mentioned above shows that the monitoring works for the groundwater in the area are necessary.
Study the effect of technological factors on the quality of plastic details
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Kerimov J.A.
Published: July 2021

The paper studies the impact of temperature of cylinder and press-mould on the quality factors (shrinkage, hardness) of plastic details on oil-field equipment. In addition, the quality indicators of details operating in constructions are studied in a wide range of mode parameters. The mathematical dependences between the quality parameters (shrinkage, hardness) of details on treatment temperature are specified.
Multi-functional ashless additives improving transmission oils quality
Authors:   Baku State University, Huseynov G.Z. , Salmanova Sh.N. ,   Nakhchivan Branch of Institute of Natural Resources of NASA, Aliyev T.A. ,   Nakhchivan Branch of Institute of Natural Resources of NASA, Seyidov M.M. ,   Expertise Centre of Patents and Trademark, Azerbaijan Republic
Published: July 2021

In the presence of KU-2 as a catalyst the reactions of carboxymetyl-amethylalkylphenol with isoamyl and octyl alcohols were studied, as a result of which alkoxycarbonyl-methylaminometyl-alkylphenol has been obtained. The effect of obtained compounds on antiwear, antiscuffing and anticorrosion properties of ТС-14.5 transmission oil has been researched. It was revealed that alkoxycarbonyl-methylaminomethylalkylphenols show high antiwear, antiscuffing and anticorrosion performance. These compounds almost eliminate ТС-14.5 oil corrosivity in the 5 % concentration and improve its antiwear and antiscuffing properties as well.
COLLABORATIONS IN CONCLUDE CRAMPED DUPLICATE: LOGICAL AFFAIR AND AN APPLICATION TO PERSONAL VOTE-EARNING ATTRIBUTES
Authors:   Department Of Social Science,University Of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Montgomery D. C.
Published: July 2021

There is some disarray in political theory, and the sociologies in general ,about the significance and translation of connection impacts in duplicate with non-interval ,non-ordinary result factors. Frequently these terms are nonchalantly tossed into a duplicate pecification without seeing that their essence in a general sense changes the interpretation of the subsequent coefficients. This article clarifies the restrictive idea of reported coefficients in duplicate with associations, characterizing the essentially extraordinary interpretation required by summed up direct duplicate.
On Some Methods Of Economic Risk Management: Essence And Classifications
Authors:   Candidate Of Economical Sciences, Associate Professor, Tashkent Institute Of Finance, Uzbekistan, D.E. Narbekov
Published: July 2021

The article notes that economic risk is one of the most multifaceted phenomena, the nature and components of which are not subject to a simple and unambiguous interpretation. But it should be noted that the classification of risks of this type, taking into account the many factors containing its signs is a rather voluminous problem due to the lack of a generally accepted systemic classification. The author argues that the above classification of methods for managing economic risks makes it possible to determine the characteristics used in their classification in the management process as a whole.
Dividend Policy In Joint Stock Companies
Authors:   Senior Teacher, Department Of Finance, Tashkent State University Of Economics, Uzbekistan, Z. Shomansurova
Published: July 2021

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the role and significance of dividend policy in the financial management system of joint-stock companies, describes the theory of calculating dividends, approaches to the formation of dividend policy and the basic principles of dividend policy.
Opportunities For The Development Of Ecotourism In Bukhara Region
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan, Kodirov Aziz Anvarovich
Published: July 2021

The article describes the importance of ecotourism, which is considered one of the most developed types of Tourism. Specific features and directions of the development of ecotourism in the region are highlighted. The tourist potential of Bukhara region as well as opportunities for the development of ecotourism has been studied. Also, priority directions of development of ecotourism in the region are indicated.
Heuristic Perspective Of Criminal Justice System: Questioning On Justice Delivery Procedure In India And Internal Security Threat
Authors:   Assistant Professor In Criminology Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar, India, Gulpham Dr. Shahanshah , Kewlani Ms. Vinita ,   Teaching Cum Research Associate In Criminology Rashtriya Raksha University, Gandhinagar, India
Published: July 2021

Heuristic is the problem solving method generally considers a way of shortcut solution of a particular problem in given time frame or deadline based on quick decision particularly in complex situation. Except boundary problems of our country, the remaining security problems always exist within the country. India may be facing internal security challenges in future on personal perspective existing group of fundamentalist. For example, various police encounters with heuristic perspective seems under passing the judicial process of delivering justice which may lead to the idea of injustice in individual in the victims perspective. So, intervening heuristic perspective in criminal justice system is in of pre trail situation can create a problem for stability of the democratic structure in which criminal justice system is the part of belief and trust for its citizen.
Family Mediation: A New Form Of Resolving Family Disputes
Authors:   Independent Researcher, High School Judges With The Supreme Judicial Council Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Tojieva Muborakkhon Anvarovna
Published: July 2021

Today, the role of the institution of mediation in resolving disputes around the world is increasing. Particularly, since 2018, a completely new system - the mediation system - has entered the legislation of Uzbekistan as an alternative way to resolve disputes. Family mediation is one of the types of mediation. This article draws several conclusions based on foreign experience in family mediation, the views of legal scholars, and the study of national legislation as a new form of family dispute resolution.
Status Of External And Internal Labor Migration In Uzbekistan
Authors:   Lecturer At The Faculty Of History, National University Of Uzbekistan, Shomirzayevich Dusmurodov Obidjon
Published: July 2021

In recent years, Uzbekistan has been paying serious attention to creating new jobs and ensuring the stability of existing jobs in order to increase employment and economic activity. The main focus is on reducing unemployment, ensuring the employment of graduates of educational institutions entering the labor market for the first time, increasing the employment of vulnerable groups, in particular, women, people with disabilities, convicts, victims of human trafficking, external migration and others. In this regard, the normative legal acts adopted in recent years define a number of important tasks facing the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The Prospects For The Formation Of Public Councils Under The Ministries In Uzbekistan
Authors:   Associate Professor Of Tashkent State University Of Law, Phd In Law, Uzbekistan, Yuldoshev Azizjon Ergashevich
Published: July 2021

In the article author examines the issues of participation of civil society institutions in the formation of public councils under the ministries in Uzbekistan and foreign countries. In the course of the study, the problems of ensuring the openness of the formation of public councils and the absence of a procedure for nominating candidates by civil society institutions and self-nomination of citizens were identified. Based on the results of the study, the author put forward practical recommendations for determining the mechanism of citizens' participation in the formation of public councils and ensuring their representativeness, independence and impartiality.
Legal Monitoring – Is An Important Institution Affecting The Effectiveness Of Laws
Authors:   The Independent Researcher Of TSUL, The Chief Researcher Of Legislation And Parliamentary Research Institute Under Oliy Majlis Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Sayidov Rustambek
Published: July 2021

The role of the institution of legal monitoring in law making, in particular its affect to the effectiveness of laws are analyzed in the article. In addition, the article puts forward several issues in law making and the necessity to apply legal monitoring on them as a solution.
The Role Of The Institution Of Judicial Review In Ensuring The Independence Of The Judiciary
Authors:   Ph.D., Associate Professor, Adviser To Director Of The Supreme School Of Judges, Uzbekistan, Urinboevich Dilshod Aripov
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the role of the institute of judicial review in ensuring the independence of the judiciary; its importance in ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens; its differences from fair trial; its types and forms of implementation; its subjects and objects; its purpose and content; its characteristics of execution through legal and disciplinary norms; its functions in law enforcement, regulation, organizational maintenance, education; as well as its prospects in strengthening the independence of the judiciary from other branches of government.
Prospects For Improving The Institute Of Immunity In Criminal Procedural Relations
Authors:   Judge For Criminal Cases Of Fergana Regional Court, Uzbekistan, Shukhratovich Khaydarov Begzod
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the institute of immunity in criminal procedure and the need for further improving this process is analyzed in the article.
The Emergence Of Migration Law As A Natural Right In The Central Asia
Authors:   Doctor Of Philosophy In Law (Phd), Senior Prosecutor Of The Academy Of The General Prosecutor's Office Of Uzbekistan, Isokov Lukhmonjon
Published: July 2021

Historical experience testifies to the fact that migration processes, which represent the harmony of objective needs and subjective interests of people, have a natural character. Population migration has long been dependent on a number of factors. Despite the fact that migration is restricted or strictly controlled by the governments of different countries, these processes have not stopped[1]. Indeed, this phenomenon is inextricably linked not only with the laws of civilization and anthropological development of mankind, but also with the diversity of institutions of migration law.
Innovative Implementation Of Investment Insurance In The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Lecturer And Independent Researcher For The Department Of Business Law Of Tashkent State University Of Law, Uzbekistan, Eshchanova Dauletbike Ametbekovna
Published: July 2021

This article examines the civil regulation of the innovative implementation of investment insurance activities in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the issues of attracting and using investments through innovative activities. The article provides definitions of the basic concepts of innovation in the field of investment insurance and legal innovation. The analysis of the civil legislation in force in the field of foreign investment insurance regulation and innovative implementation of investment insurance in the country has been carried out. Furthermore, proposals will be made to improve legislation in the field of investment insurance in the republic by introducing IT technologies in the process of investment insurance activities.
Self-paced part-list cuing
Authors: Wallner Lisa , Bäuml Karl-Heinz T.
Published: July 2021

Ironically, the presentation of a subset of studied material as retrieval cues at test often impairs recall of the remaining (target) material—an effect known as part-list cuing impairment. Part-list cues are typically provided at the beginning of the recall period, a time when nearly all individuals would be able to recall at least some studied items on their own. Across two experiments, we examined the effects of part-list cuing when student participants could decide on their own when the cues were presented during the recall period. Results showed that participants activated the cues relatively late in the recall period, when recall was already close to asymptote. Critically, such delayed cuing no longer impaired recall performance. The detrimental effect of part-list cuing, as it has been demonstrated numerous times in the memory literature, thus seems to depend on presentating the cue items (too) early in the recall period.
Raphael’s Genius as Reflected in V. A. Zhukovsky’s and A. S. Pushkin’s Works: to the Issue of W. H. Wackenroder’s Influence on Russian Literature
Authors: Поташова К.А.
Published: July 2021

Новизна исследования связана с раскрытием уникальности синтеза вербального и визуального начал в художественном мышлении В. А. Жуковского и А. С. Пушкина посредством анализа механизмов встраивания живописного произведения в словесный образ. С опорой на анализ стихотворений «Недоконченная картина» А. С. Пушкина, «Преображение» С. П. Шевырёва, очерка В. А. Жуковского «Рафаэлева Мадонна» в сопоставлении с очерком В.-Г. Вакенродера «Видение Рафаэля» рассмотрено влияние эстетической системы Рафаэля на романтическую концепцию творчества художника, природы его вдохновения, заключающейся в ощущении Божественном присутствии.
В статье определяется место эстетического очерка Жуковского «Рафаэлева Мадонна» в контексте развития романтического типа экфрасиса, основанного на замене описания визуального образа ассоциативным рядом, возникшим в процессе созерцания картины. Доказывается, что внимание романтиков
к личности Рафаэля Санти обусловлено как общей духовно-нравственной атмосферой первой трети XIX века, так и глубоко личностным восприятием живописи В. А. Жуковским и А. С. Пушкиным.

The theoretical novelty of the article consists in the investigation of the unique synthesis of verbal and visual aspects of V. A. Zhukovsky’s and A. S. Pushkin’s works. The comparative analysis of A. S. Pushkin’s “Unfinished Painting”, S. P. Shevyrev’s “Transfiguration”, V. A. Zhukovsky’s “The Sistine Madonna” and W. H. Wackenroder’s “Raphael’s Vision” focuses on the impact Raphael’s aesthetics produced on the romantic concept of a painter’s work, and spiritual inspiration. The article investigates Zhukovsky’s aesthetic essay “The Sistine Madonna” through the prism of ekphrastic works, association-based descriptions of a visual work of art. The article maintains that the romantic poets’ infatuation with Raphael Santi can be explained both by the spiritual and moral atmosphere of the first third of the 19th century and by V. A. Zhukovsky’s and A. S. Pushkin’s personal aesthetic preferences.
On the Existence of the Plateau Emission in High-energy Gamma-Ray Burst Light Curves Observed by Fermi-LAT
Authors: Dainotti M. G. , Omodei N. , Srinivasaragavan G. P. , Vianello G. , Willingale R. , O’Brien P. , Nagataki S. , Petrosian V. , Nuygen Z. , Hernandez X. , Axelsson M. , Bissaldi E. , Longo F.
Published: July 2021

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) shows long-lasting high-energy emission in many gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), similar to X-ray afterglows observed by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift). Some LAT light curves (LCs) show a late-time flattening reminiscent of X-ray plateaus. We explore the presence of plateaus in LAT temporally extended emission analyzing GRBs from the second Fermi-LAT GRB Catalog from 2008 to 2016 May with known redshifts, and check whether they follow closure relations corresponding to four distinct astrophysical environments predicted by the external forward shock model. We find that three LCs can be fit by the same phenomenological model used to fit X-ray plateaus and show tentative evidence for the existence of plateaus in their high-energy extended emission. The most favorable scenario is a slow-cooling regime, whereas the preferred density profile for each GRBs varies from a constant-density interstellar medium to an r
−2 wind environment. We also compare the end time of the plateaus in γ-rays and X-rays using a statistical comparison with 222 Swift GRBs with plateaus and known redshifts from 2005 January to 2019 August. Within this comparison, the case of GRB 090510 shows an indication of chromaticity at the end time of the plateau. Finally, we update the 3D fundamental plane relation among the rest-frame end time of the plateau, its correspondent luminosity, and the peak prompt luminosity for 222 GRBs observed by Swift. We find that these three LAT GRBs follow this relation.
Serologic evidence of Echinococcus granulosus in slaughterhouses in Pakistan: global alarm for butchers in developing countries
Authors: Alvi Mughees Aizaz , Li Li , Saqib Muhammad , Ohiolei John Asekhaen , Younas Muhammad Waqar , Tayyab Muhammad Haleem , Hassan Ali , Qamar Warda , Alvi Anum Aizaz , Fu Bao-Quan , Yan Hong-Bin , Jia Wan-Zhong
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a neglected zoonosis that affects humans and livestock. This sero-survey was designed for the first time in Pakistan to assess the exposure of butchers to E. granulosus as there was no previous report in the country for this occupational group.

Methodology: Blood samples were collected from registered butchers (n = 364) in five different slaughterhouses in Faisalabad and Bahawalnagar Districts. Sera were tested for anti-Echinococcus granulosus IgG with a commercially available ELISA kit (specificity, 100%; sensitivity, 97%).

Results: Overall, seroprevalence was 9.61% (35/364). Butchers >30 years of age (10.34%), those involved in small ruminants butchery (11.70%), >10 years’ experience (10.04%), formal education level up to middle standard (10.28%), contact with dogs (12.71%), improper/unhygienic disposal of dog feces (11.87%), and those unaware of the consequences of eating with unwashed hands (13.80%) were more seropositive with significant statistical differences (p < 0.05). Variables like previous cyst encounter, no knowledge of zoonoses and/or cystic echinococcosis, living in rural areas and the presence of stray/feral dogs in surroundings did not show any significant association (p > 0.05) with seroprevalence in butchers. The binary logistic regression model also showed a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) for all risk factors found statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the univariate analysis.

Conclusions: This study shows high prevalence of cystic echinococcosis among butchers in Pakistan and underscores the need for educating native slaughterhouse personnel on cystic echinococcosis. It also serves as a global warning, especially in developing countries.
Alleles and algorithms: The role of genetic analyses and remote sensing technology in an ant eradication program
Authors: Wylie Ross , Oakey Jane , Williams Elizabeth R.
Published: July 2021

Eradication programs for invasive ants are often hampered by a lack of effective tools to detect, contain and kill the pests. Among the range of tools employed in the course of a 20-year eradication program for red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in Australia, two of the most crucial for success are genetic analysis at both individual colony and population scales, and remote sensing for the detection of S. invicta mounds over large areas. Several genetic analyses are used by the program as an everyday operational tool to guide the eradication effort; for example, genotyping of the social form determines where and how far we need to search and treat, whereas nest relatedness derived from microsatellites aids in deciding when and where to target investigations into human-assisted movement of the pest. Microsatellite genotyping can determine the origin of new invasions into the country and has been used to verify the eradication of six distinct incursions of S. invicta in Australia, as well as demonstrating the pressure being exerted on the remaining Queensland population by the current eradication activities. Remote sensing played a key role in delimiting the extent of the S. invicta infestation in southeast Queensland in 2015, and in the future will assist in both delimitation and in verifying eradication of this ant in treatment areas as part of the proof of freedom process. Unquestionably, without these tools, the battle to eradicate S. invicta from Australia would be severely constrained, if not lost. These technologies may be applicable in management or eradication programs for S. invicta worldwide, and potentially for other invasive ant species.
Lits, paniers, balances
Authors: Canepari Eleonora
Published: July 2021

La possession de biens meubles tels que les outils de travail était un atout dans les stratégies de survie, permettant aux hommes et aux femmes issus de classes populaires de commencer une activité professionnelle, mais aussi de disposer d’un capital potentiel. Cet article est centré sur les outils de travail dans leur relation aux formes de labeur caractérisées par la mobilité – d’une part, la mobilité professionnelle et spatiale des individus, d’autre part, l’évolution des activités menées dans le même atelier ou boutique au fil des années. Dans la première partie, l’article se penche sur le turn-over qui caractérisait les boutiques et les ateliers de Rome au xvii e  siècle, grâce à une approche longitudinale réalisée à partir de sources sérielles telles que les Stati d’anime (états des âmes). En utilisant les archives de la Presidenza delle strade (présidence des rues), la deuxième partie a pour objet la contiguïté des usages entre les lieux de travail et les espaces résidentiels, avec une attention spécifique au travail des chambrelans. Enfin, dans la dernière partie, les formes de circulation et d’échanges de biens mobiliers sont examinées (prêts, locations, gage et transmission par héritage).
La révolution libérale et les métiers
Authors: Romero Marín Juanjo
Published: July 2021

L’historiographie espagnole a généralement manifesté peu d’intérêt pour les artisans à l’époque contemporaine, en acceptant la vieille perspective libérale qui les considérait comme un secteur social résiduel incapable de s’adapter à la modernité. Cet article vise à inclure cet artisanat dans le monde plus vaste des classes ouvrières à l’époque de l’industrialisation. Pour ce faire, nous nous penchons sur l’étude des faquines (portefaix portuaires), un métier d’origine corporative dédié au débardage et à la livraison des marchandises déchargées dans le port de Barcelone. N’étant pas dotés de ces compétences techniques que l’on associe couramment à l’univers des métiers, les faquines réussissent à s’en sortir beaucoup mieux qu’un grand nombre de métiers durant les années difficiles de la révolution libérale (1820-1865). En obtenant la reconnaissance de leur métier comme une qualification socialement construite. Leur réussite est due à un engagement résolu pour la cohésion du groupe et le renforcement de leur association professionnelle, sur la base d’une « culture du travail » spécifique.
La gentrification, stop ou encore ?
Authors: Cary Paul , Delfini Antonio
Published: July 2021

Face à l’inflation du concept de gentrification, cet article démontre que le devenir d’un quartier peut se révéler indéterminé sur une longue période, et être l’objet d’une action publique ambivalente. L’exemple du quartier de Fives, ancien bastion ouvrier de la métropole de Lille, illustre notre propos. Si le renouvellement urbain annoncé et l’arrivée effective de classes supérieures sont des signes avant-coureurs de gentrification, les classes populaires restent présentes, les espaces publics et commerciaux demeurent populaires et les dynamiques associatives sont contrastées.
Keynes’s methodology and the analysis of economic agent behavior in a complex world
Authors: Arena Richard , Nasica Eric
Published: July 2021

Cet article vise à analyser l’impact de la prise en compte d’un environnement économique réellement incertain et complexe sur la méthodologie utilisée par Keynes. Notre travail aboutit à deux résultats principaux. La première conclusion est que, même lorsqu’une mesure ordinale ou cardinale de la probabilité est impossible, Keynes fournit un ensemble cohérent d’outils pour l’analyse des décisions économiques. En particulier, même si une probabilité numérique ne peut être déterminée, les choix des agents économiques seront rationnellement régis par un raisonnement basé sur leur connaissance limitée, mais réelle, de la réalité observée et sur des probabilités non numériques. Le second résultat obtenu est que l’environnement décisionnel complexe entourant les décisions économiques influence la caractérisation de l’agent économique lui-même et implique de se référer à une conception méthodologique de cet agent et de l’économie qui soit ouverte à une forme d’analyse économique qui recourt à l’utilisation systématique de la philosophie et d’autres sciences sociales comme la psychologie cognitive, la philosophie sociale ou encore l’anthropologie.
Expectations and full employment. Hansen, Samuelson and Lange
Authors: Assous Michaël , Bruno Olivier , Carret Vincent , Dal-Pont Legrand Muriel
Published: July 2021

Les anticipations sont au cœur des premiers modèles de cycles comme de croissance. Dans les années quarante, une troisième ligne de recherche est apparue qui s’interroge sur la capacité des économies à atteindre un équilibre de plein emploi. Cette littérature débute avec la contribution de Hansen [1938] pour atteindre son point culminant avec la publication de l’ouvrage de Lange [1944]. Au fil des débats, la question glisse du problème de l’existence vers celui de la stabilité de l’équilibre de plein emploi, suggérant un rôle croissant des anticipations, allant jusqu’à remettre en cause la stabilité du système économique dans sa globalité. Ce papier retrace ces débats au travers des contributions de Hansen, Samuelson et Lange. L’exploitation des archives nous permet de démontrer que, si l’analyse de l’instabilité est restée très implicite dans les travaux de Samuelson, sa correspondance révèle toutefois qu’il a encouragé Lange à s’intéresser à cette question. Lange présente ses résultats dans son ouvrage de 1944, publié par la Cowles Commission for Research in Economics. Nous montrons que la portée de cette contribution ne peut être comprise indépendamment de ses échanges avec Samuelson ou de la façon dont les idées keynésiennes étaient alors perçues aux États-Unis. Finalement, le papier s’interroge sur le positionnement ambigu de Samuelson tant sur la question de l’instabilité que sur le rôle des anticipations.
From the Stagflation to the Great Inflation: Explaining the US economy of the 1970s
Authors: Goutsmedt Aurélien
Published: July 2021

Cet article propose une histoire de l’évolution des explications de la stagflation états-uniennes des années 1970, de 1975 à 2013. Mariant méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives, 1) j’observe les différents types d’explications coexistant à la même période ; 2) j’identifie quel type d’explications était dominant pour chaque période ; et 3) j’identifie les principales sources d’inspiration pour chaque type d’explication. Dans les années 1970 et 1980, les chocs d’offre et l’inertie de l’inflation sont fondamentaux pour expliquer la stagflation. Mais l’intérêt pour ce sujet disparaît peu à peu après 1985. C’est une nouvelle littérature qui émerge dans les années 1990, sans référence ou presque aux explications des années 1970 et 1980, et se focalisant sur le rôle joué par la politique monétaire durant la période pour expliquer l’augmentation de l’inflation. Les contributions des nouveaux classiques comme Lucas [1976] ou Kydland et Prescott [1977], qui étaient ignorées dans les explications des années 1970 et 1980, deviennent des références majeures pour rendre compte de la stagflation à partir des années 1990.
Theories of Learning and Economic Policy
Authors: Evans George W.
Published: July 2021

L’hypothèse de référence, celle des anticipations rationnelles, suppose, d’une part, un degré irréaliste de rationalité des agents économiques, et d’autre part élude la question de savoir comment les agents parviennent à se coordonner sur une position d’équilibre. Cet article examine comment les théories de l’apprentissage, et plus particulièrement de l’apprentissage adaptatif, traitent ces questions et peuvent conduire à des conclusions en termes de politique économique distinctes de celles obtenues avec anticipations rationnelles. Des exemples sont discutés, ils incluent la politique monétaire au sein de modèles de la nouvelle économie keynésienne, la vision néo-Fisherienne de la politique économique, les objectifs d’inflation, les modèles d’hyperinflation et les politiques macroéconomiques visant à éviter la stagnation au taux plancher zéro.
En finir avec le cuoteo político . Genèse, fonctionnement et évolutions du système de sélection de la haute fonction publique au Chili
Authors: Larrouqué Damien
Published: July 2021

Instauré en juin 2003, le Système de sélection de la haute fonction publique (SADP) au Chili a été considéré comme l’une des réformes institutionnelles les plus ambitieuses des trente dernières années. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de revenir sur les origines de ce dispositif, d’en étayer les justifications, d’en pointer les avantages comme les failles, mais aussi d’en décrire les ajustements. À l’heure où le pays traverse une crise politique, sociale et sanitaire inédite, cette analyse informée par le terrain suggère, dans sa conclusion, d’infléchir la culture dominante de « l’expertocratie », dont le SADP constitue l’une des expressions singulières.
Effect of Wavefront Aberrations on Night Vision Problems and Mesopic Contrast Threshold After SMILE
Authors: Li Mengdi , Zhang Lin , Song Yi , Hao Weiting , Zhao Xinheng , Zhang Yan , Jhanji Vishal , Wang Yan
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:

To investigate the effect of wavefront aberrations on night vision problems and mesopic contrast threshold after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:

Forty-two participants (84 eyes) who underwent SMILE were included in this prospective observational study. Visual outcomes including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), subjective manifest refraction, mesopic contrast threshold (Binoptometer 4P; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH), and higher order aberrations (HOAs) were analyzed before and 3 months after surgery. The patient's night vision satisfaction was assessed using a questionnaire.

RESULTS:

The mean spherical equivalent was −5.30 ± 1.38 diopters (D) preoperatively and −0.06 ± 0.15 D postoperatively. UDVA was better than 20/20 in 98.81% of the patients and better than 20/25 in all patients. Scores of night vision satisfaction and glare changed significantly in the postoperative period (
F
= 8.463,
P
= .001;
F
= 69.518,
P
< .001, respectively). Preoperative spherical diopters (lower order aberrations) were positively correlated with night vision satisfaction (
r
= −0.329,
P
= .041) and glare score (
r
=−0.332,
P
= .039). Age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.272, 95% CI = 1.019 to 1.589) and preoperative spherical diopter (OR = 0.437, 95% CI = 0.199 to 0.975) were correlated with night vision satisfaction scores by analysis of binary regression. The root mean square value of total HOAs increased 3 months after surgery (
t
= −6.873,
P
< .001) with an increase in horizontal coma (Z
3
1
) and spherical aberration (Z
4
0
) (
P
< .001). No correlation was observed between glare score and HOAs; however, patients with higher preoperative myopia demonstrated continuously decreasing contrast under mesopic conditions and higher postoperative horizontal coma.

CONCLUSIONS:

Myopic patients with higher preoperative spherical errors experienced more glare at night after SMILE surgery. Postoperative horizontal coma was associated with worse mesopic contrast thresholds.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(7):446–452.]
Optimal cut-offs of five anthropometric indices and their predictive ability of type 2 diabetes in a nationally representative Kenyan study
Authors: Manyara Anthony Muchai ,   Social and Political Sciences, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Published: July 2021

Background

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the top non-communicable diseases in Kenya and prevention strategies are urgently needed. Intervening to reduce obesity is the most common prevention strategy. However, black populations develop T2D at lower obesity levels and it is unclear which anthropometric cut-offs could provide the best predictive ability for T2D risk. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the optimal anthropometric cut-offs and their predictive ability of T2D in Kenya.

Methods

The study included 2159 participants (59% women) aged 35–70 years from the Kenya STEPwise survey conducted in 2014. Five anthropometric indices were used—body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and waist divided by height0.5(WHt.5R). Diabetes was defined as a fasting blood glucose of ≥7.0 mmol/l or a previous diagnosis by a health worker. Optimal anthropometric cut-offs and their receiver operating characteristics, such as the area under the curve (AUC), were computed.

Results

Overall, the optimal cut-off for BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR and WHt.5R were 24.8 kg.m−2, 90 cm, 0.88, 0.54 and 6.9. On disaggregation by sex, the optimal cut-off for BMI, WC, WHR WHtR and WHt.5R was 27.1 kg.m−2, 87 cm, 0.85, 0.55 and 6.9 in women, and 24.8 kg.m−2, 91 cm, 0.88, 0.54 and 6.9 in men. Overall, WC (AUC 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.65, 0.76)) WHtR (AUC 0.71 (0.66, 0.76)) and WHt.5R (AUC 0.70 (0.65,0.75)) had a better predictive ability for T2D than BMI (AUC 0.68 (0.62, 0.73)).

Conclusions

WC, WHtR and WHt.5R were better predictors of T2D than BMI and should be used for risk stratification in Kenya. A WC cut-off of 87cm in women and 91cm in men, a WHtR cut-off of 0.54 or a WHt.5R of 6.9 in both men and women should be used to identify individuals at an elevated risk of T2D.
Learning Management Impacted with COVID-19 at Higher Education in Thailand: Learning Strategies for Lifelong Learning
Authors: Nuankaew Pratya , Nasa-Ngium Patchara , Phanniphong Kanakarn , Chaopanich Oranan , Bussaman Sittichai , Nuankaew Wongpanya Sararat
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 situation has a serious global impact on the education system. Thus, the research purpose is aimed to construct the models of online learning strategies for Thailand students on learning management in the coronavirus 2019 scenario. The research methodology was conducted according to the process of the cross-industry standard process for data mining, known as the CRISP-DM model for developing the best research. The data collected 487 students from the University of Phayao (UP), and Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University (RMU) from the 1st semester in academic year 2020. The collected data has been agreed upon in accordance with research ethics. The results of the study revealed that the factors influencing the model consisted of 8 out of 38 attributes, with a high predictive accuracy (85.14%). Finally, the researchers can plan for the management of teaching and learning for students at the University of Phayao to solve the Coronavirus 2019 Scenario in the academic year 2021 and the future.
Educational Engineering for Models of Academic Success in Thai Universities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Learning Strategies for Lifelong Learning
Authors: Nuankaew Wongpanya , Nuankaew Pratya
Published: July 2021

The Coronavirus epidemic 2019 has a serious impact on the education system of Thailand. Therefore, the research aims (1) to study and compare the academic achievement of higher education students affected by the situation of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, (2) to construct an academic achievement model with educational engineering technology to support the learning management process of higher education institutions, and (3) to evaluate the academic achievement model. The research approaches were carried out according to the theory of data mining development using the CRISP-DM methodology (Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining). The data collection was divided into two main parts according to the educational situation. The first part is a normal situation with data collected from 506 students form four courses during the second semester in the academic year of 2019. On the other hand, the second part is an abnormal situation with data collected from 475 students from four courses during the first semester in the academic year of 2020. From the research results and findings, the researchers believe that both of the traditional and online teaching and learning management enabled learners to make an academic achievement. It is imperative that the teacher is aware of the learner’s importance to graduate on time. For the future, the researcher needs to present the findings to the stakeholders in order to prepare for the unexpected situation.