bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No evidence of immune exhaustion after repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in vulnerable and healthy populations
Authors: Bowdish Dawn , Benoit Jenna , Breznik Jessica , Wu Ying , Kennedy Allison , Liu Li-Min , Cowbrough Braeden , Baker Barbara , Hagerman Megan , Andary Catherine , Mushtaha Maha , Abdalla Nora , Gauvreau Gail , Kim Paul , Denburg Judah , Costa Andrew , Leong Darryl , Nazy Ishac , Duong MyLinh , Bramson Jonathan , Larché Maggie , Verschoor Chris P.
Published: November 2024

Frequent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in vulnerable populations has raised concerns that this may contribute to T cell exhaustion, which could negatively affect the quality of immune protection. Herein, we examined the impact of repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on T cell phenotypic and functional exhaustion in frail older adults in long-term care, individuals on immunosuppressive drugs, and healthy adults. Spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell levels did not decline in any cohort following repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, nor did the expression of exhaustion markers on spike-specific or total T cells increase. T cell production of multiple cytokines (i.e. polyfunctionality) in response to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 did not decline in any cohort following repeated vaccination. None of the cohorts displayed elevated levels of terminally differentiated T cells following multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. Thus, repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was not associated with increased T cell exhaustion in older frail adults, immunosuppressed individuals, or healthy adults.
XIX Всероссийская научная конференция «Писцовые книги и другие массовые источники XVI–XXI веков»
Authors: А.А.  Фролов
Published: November 2024

Обзор всероссийской конференции по изучению писцовых книг и других массовых источников XVI-XXI веков, состоявшейся в Санкт-Петербурге с 1 по 4 июля 2015 г.
ОТ МАГИЧЕСКОЙ МЕТАМОРФОЗЫДО МЕТАФОРЫ ГЕНЕЗИСАК ПРОБЛЕМЕ ПОНИМАНИЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ
Authors: К. Поласик-Вжосек , В. Вжосек
Published: November 2024

Авторы исходят из того, что время не обладает универсальной природой и, как и всё в культуре, имеет статус исторической относительности. В качестве источника познания исторического времени принимаются исторические дискурсы, которые реализуют выработанные культурой темпоральные исторические представления, т.е. воплощают в наррации конкретные господствующие представления об историческом мире. Авторы приходят к заключению, что историческое время, истоком которого является магическое мышление, представляет собой конституирующий составной элемент исторического мышления, возникает вместе с ним, а также вместе и в связи с ним подвергается изменениям. Из происходящих в нем изменений берутся известные нам примеры исторических форм мышления и речи, в т.ч. в форме историографических шедевров, являющихся одновременно и шедеврами культуры, которые содержат в себе явные и скрытые следы своего происхождения.

The authors suggest that time does not have universal nature and, everything in culture, has a status of historical relativity. A source for knowledge of historical time is in historical discourses, which implement temporal views of history produced by a culture, i.e., present dominant views of historical world in a narration. The authors conclude that historical time, which has its source in magical thought, is created with it, and is being changed with and in connection to it. Out of all changes, the authors explore historical forms of thought and speech, including historiographical masterpieces that are also cultural masterpieces and bear traces of their origin, external and internal.
ЗАБЫТЫЙ ЛОНДОНСКИЙ КОРРЕСПОНДЕНТРОССИЙСКИХ ЖУРНАЛОВСЕМЕН ИСААКОВИЧ РАПОПОРТ
Authors:  И.  Чикалова
Published: November 2024

Автор продолжает серию публикаций, посвященных жизни и творчеству забытых российских дореволюционных англоведов – ученых и публицистов. В фокусе исследовательского интереса – личность Семена Исааковича Рапопорта (1858–1934), c 1891 г. постоянно проживавшего в Лондоне и вплоть до 1917 г. печатавшего корреспонденции и очерки об Англии в российских периодических изданиях: газетах «Новости», «Неделя» и журналах «Книжки недели», «Северный вестник», «Русское экономическое обозрение», «Вестник Европы», «Мир божий», «Образование», «Русская мысль», «Вестник финансов, промышленности и торговли».

The article continues a series of publications by the author that are dedicated to the life and works of a forgotten Russian pre-revolutionary expert in British Studies – scholars and publicists. The focus of the research is centered on the personality of the journalist Semen Isaakovich Rapoport (1858–1934), who from 1891 was based in London and up to 1917 had been published articles from England in the Russian periodicals such as newspapers “Novosti”, “Nedelia”, journals “Knizki Nedeli”, “Severnyi Vestnik”, “Russkoe Ekonomicheskoe Obozrenie”, “Vestnik Evropy”, “Mir Bozyi”, “Obrazovanie”, “Russkaia Mysl”, “Vestnik Finansov, Promyshlennosti i Torgovli”. It is presented “geography” and thematic varieties of the Rapoport’s publishing activity. Well known to his contemporaries, his name appeared to have been forgotten for long years after the revolution in Russia.
ЮБИЛЕЙНЫЕ ИСТОРИИ УНИВЕРСИТЕТОВ КАК ЖАНРСОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИСТОРИОГРАФИИ
Authors:  Л.  Репина
Published: November 2024

Современная историография университетской истории в России носит ярко выраженный историко-культурный характер, что является общим для ряда формирующихся направлений. В статье речь идет об особом ракурсе рассмотрения истории российских университетов, а именно – в свете исследований коллективной исторической памяти и хронотопических характеристик интеллектуальной культуры. Автор подчеркивает специфическую природу «университетских историй», их сущностные отличия от «университетских исследований», ставящих перед собой задачу деконструкции предшествующей, «изобретенной» традиции. Число новых юбилейных университетских историй, выступающих как феномен мемориальной культуры, не столь велико, но именно они дают корпоративному самосознанию полноту темпоральной перспективы. Историческая перспектива longue durée, устремленная от «начала начал» к текущему моменту и далее – в грядущее, актуализируется в условиях процедуры «оптимизации», навязанной университетам извне. Юбилейные истории, создающие «Я-образ» университета в жанре корпоративной «автобиографии», начиная с сакрального акта «рождения», способствуют консолидации сообщества, связывая профессуру и студентов разных поколений, предъявляя университет «внешнему миру» и утверждая его высокую миссию и статус в обществе.

Contemporary Russian historiography of the history of universities has a clear historical-cultural bias, and this is shared by a number of important historiographical trends. The article explores a particular angle in the studying of Russian universities, namely, the context of collective historical memory and chronotopic characteristics of intellectual culture. The author emphasizes a specific nature of “university histories”, their difference from “university studies” that aim at deconstruction of a previous, “invented” tradition. A number of new jubilee histories of universities, a phenomenon of memorial culture, is not too high, but these histories give temporal perspective to corporate self-consciousness. A longue durée historical perspective that goes from the “point of origin” to the present and further – to the future, is actualized during the process of “optimization” forced upon universities. Jubilee histories that create “I-image” of a university in a genre of a corporate “biography”, from a sacral act of “birth”, consolidates a community and links professors and students of various generations by presenting a university to the “outside world” and establishing its high mission and social status.
О ВАРВАРАХ И ТИРАНАХ: СКРЫТОЕ ВАРВАРСТВО КАК ЭЛЕМЕНТ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ КРИТИКИ В ПОЗДНЕЙ РИМСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ
Authors: М.А. ВЕДЕШКИН
Published: November 2024

В статье анализируется использование дискурса скрытого варвара в политической пропаганде IV столетия на примере анализа биографий императоров Галерия и Максимина Дазы, представленных в труде христианского ритора Лактанция «De mortibus persecutorum». Делается вывод, что свидетельства церковного историка о характере вышеназванных императоров прямо опровергаются данными менее ангажированных авторов. Выдвигвается предположение, что, создавая образы гонителей, Лактанций использовал традиционный для римской литературы набор топосов, принятых для характеристики «тиранов», и усиливал свои обвинения, подчеркивая их варварское происхождение. Делается предположение, что основная часть описания Галерия была заимствована Лактанцием из сделанной веком ранее историком Геродианом характеристики императора Максимина Фракийца.

The article analyzes the use of discourse of the hidden barbarian in political propaganda of the 4th century on the example of the biographies of emperors Galerius and Maximinus Daza, presented in the work by Lactantius «De mortibus Persecutorum». It is concluded that the testimony of the historian on the character and ethnic origin of the aforementioned emperors is directly refuted by the data of less engaged authors. The assumption is made that while creating the image of the persecutors, Lactantius utilized a set of traditional topoi used to characterize the «tyrants» and enforced his accusations by stressing their barbaric origin. It is assumed that the main part of the Galerius’ description was borrowed by Lactantius from the characteristics of the emperor Maximinus Thracius made a century earlier by the historian Herodian.
ГРЕКИ И ВАРВАРЫ В РАССКАЗАХ ОБ ОСНОВАНИИ ЛАМПСАКИ И МАССАЛИИ
Authors: Д.М. КАМАРИ
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена вопросу о сходстве рассказов античных авторов об основании фокейцами Лампсаки и Массалии, которые были написаны в разные времена. Автор анализирует оба рассказа, чтобы определить, насколько описываемые античными авторами ранние связи между греками и варварами соответствовали реальным историческим отношениям.

The article is devoted to the issue of similarity of the stories of ancient authors about the founding by the Phocaeans of Lampsacus and Massalia, which were written by Greeks at different times. The author analyzes both stories to determine how the described by ancient authors early contacts between Greeks and barbarians corresponded to real historical relations.
Influência dos Ciclos Hormonais Femininos no Desenvolvimento do Melasma
Authors: Breguedo Jeane Nascimento Feitosa , Pereira Kelly Eduarda Farias Alves , Sarto Rafael Perseghini Del
Published: November 2024

O melasma é uma desordem comum de hiperpigmentação que afeta predominantemente mulheres, caracterizando-se por manchas escuras, simétricas e irregulares, localizadas nas áreas expostas ao sol, como rosto e pescoço. Sua prevalência varia de 9% a 40%, sendo mais comum em indivíduos com fototipos de pele mais escuros. Fatores como exposição à radiação ultravioleta, predisposição genética, uso de anticoncepcionais hormonais e gravidez estão associados ao seu desenvolvimento, destacando-se as flutuações hormonais como um importante desencadeador. O aumento na produção de hormônios sexuais, especialmente estrogênio e progesterona, resulta em maior estimulação dos melanócitos, contribuindo para a produção excessiva de melanina, particularmente durante a gravidez e em mulheres em uso de terapias hormonais. Este estudo revisa a literatura científica sobre a relação entre melasma e variações hormonais, analisando a incidência da condição em diferentes faixas etárias e etnias. A revisão destaca que a compreensão da influência dos ciclos hormonais é essencial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias preventivas e terapêuticas mais eficazes. Além disso, enfatiza a necessidade de um enfoque multifatorial no tratamento do melasma, considerando fatores ambientais e genéticos, bem como a importância da proteção solar para minimizar os efeitos exacerbantes da radiação ultravioleta.
The impact of CO₂ emissions from different types of transport on countries’ logistics efficiency: Case of ITF member countries
Authors: Hamidova Lala , Alikhanova Leyla , Kasumova Lala , Karimova Taira , Mirzayeva Firuza
Published: November 2024

This study provides empirical evidence that CO₂ emissions from transport (total and by transport types) have an impact on countries’ logistics efficiency, both in general (Logistics Performance Index) and in terms of its individual indicators (volumes of freight transport (total and by transport types) and total investments in transport infrastructure). The aim is to empirically demonstrate the impact of CO₂ emissions from different modes of transport on the logistics efficiency of countries, specifically using data from 60 International Transport Forum (ITF) member countries. The Granger causality analysis, based on VAR modeling for six periods evaluated by the World Bank (2007, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018), demonstrates that in 50% of the countries, changes in CO₂ emissions from transport are the cause of the shifts in the Logistics Performance Index (increasing emissions can impede logistics efficiency). The sample was reduced to these countries for the regression modeling. Regression modeling (with fixed and random effects, Hausman test, for 2002–2021 on panel data for countries in which direct causality was confirmed) showed that a one-unit increase in total CO2 emissions from transport (in general and in air transport) is associated with 0.12 and 0.21 decrease in total investments in transport infrastructure. An increase in road CO2 emissions is associated with a 0.49 decrease in road freight transport (ton-km per thousand units of GDP). An increase in CO2 rail emissions is associated with a 0.15 increase in total investments in transport infrastructure and a 0.12 increase in total freight transport.
Current aspects of differential diagnosis and treatment of cough
Authors: Trukhan D. I. , Goloshubina V. V. , Gusina V. I.
Published: November 2024

Cough is a common and important respiratory symptom that can cause significant complications for patients and be a diagnostic challenge for physicians. An organized approach to the evaluation of cough begins with classifying it as acute, subacute, or chronic based on duration and time of onset. Acute cough (up to 3 weeks) is most often one of the main symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections and acute bronchitis. Subacute cough, lasting from 3 to 8 weeks, is usually postinfectious postviral in origin. Common causes of chronic cough lasting more than 8 weeks with a normal chest X-ray are cough variant of bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, upper airway cough syndrome / postnasal drip syndrome, non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis, gastroesophageal reflux, and medications (primarily angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors). The spectrum of possible causes of cough is diverse, however, respiratory pathology comes to the forefront in the differential diagnostic search. Successful treatment of cough is an important task in clinical practice. Given the possible multicomponent nature of cough, the presence of catarrhal-respiratory and broncho-obstructive syndromes in the clinical picture along with bronchitis syndrome, combination drugs become the drug of choice. In conclusion, the possibilities of a combined (bromhexine + guaifenesin + salbutamol) expectorant against cough, its effectiveness and safety are considered.
A Comprehensive Review of AI: Ethical Frameworks, Challenges, and Development
Authors: Siddiqui Mohd Asad
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a critical component of modern technological progress, providing solutions to challenges in a variety of fields. However, defining AI is difficult due to its interdisciplinary nature and changing methodologies. This paper provides a comprehensive review and analysis of artificial intelligence, including its definitions, types, branches, and ethical considerations. It addresses critical ethical issues such as algorithmic bias, accountability, data privacy, and societal consequences, emphasizing the importance of fairness, transparency, and strong legal frameworks. The paper also looks at the future of AI ethics, emphasizing the value of global collaboration and adaptive frameworks. Drawing on extensive scholarly sources, it seeks to propose actionable frameworks for ensuring that AI technologies are consistent with societal values and individual rights.
Concerning Sustainable Development of Economic Systems
Authors: Geras'kina I. N. , Goncharenko L. P. , Timoshenko G. A.
Published: November 2024

The article studies the essence of the sustainable development conception and explains the necessity for social and economic systems of different scale and level to pass to the self-supporting trend. Overcoming difficulties connected with natural restrictions of civilization progress makes managers comprehend deep nature and immanent phenomena of social and economic systems and use relevant new mechanisms of management in practice. Special attention is paid to such natural system laws as entropic dynamics and self-organization. The authors put forward methodological principles of shaping the sustainable innovation infrastructure of the Russian economic system and demonstrate the most important targets for phase analysis and optimization of its development. The article identifies specific system characteristics, which should be taken into account to implement strategic plans of sustainable development. The authors highlighted the principle condition for sustainable development of Russia, i. e. social and economic transformation that is mainly stipulated by progress in ethics and alteration in public morals trend.
MAPEAMENTO DOS LABORATÓRIOS DE FABRICAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Bezerra da Silva Marina , De Jesus Silva Ramila , Emilia Camargo Maria , Moura Oliveira Felipe
Published: November 2024

A impressão em três dimensões (3D) é um recurso tecnológico que vem se difundindo bastante nos últimos anos. Ela possibilita a prototipagem e o desenvolvimento de produtos, abrindo espaço para a efetiva criatividade humana. Esse versátil recurso é a base dos Laboratórios de Fabricação, mais conhecidos como Fab Labs. Fab Labs são ambientes colaborativos organizados em torno da criatividade humana e que buscam o desenvolvimento de inovações. Este estudo visou fazer um mapeamento dos Fab Labs do Brasil e do mundo. Realizou-se um estudo de campo, com tipologia exploratória e descritiva. Para mapeamento dos Fab Labs, utilizaram-se materiais bibliográficos e dados coletados a partir dos sites da FAB FOUNDATION, da Rede Fab Lab Brasil e de outras instituições. O país que lidera na quantidade de Fab Labs são os EUA, sendo o continente europeu aquele que mais possui unidades laboratoriais. No Brasil, o estado pioneiro na implantação de Fab Labs foi São Paulo. Hoje, este estado é líder na presença de laboratórios no país, assim como a região Sudeste. Verificou-se ainda a presença de redes que integram os Fab Labs em todo o planeta. A impressão 3D está presente em todos os laboratórios brasileiros identificados. De modo geral, verificou-se que esses laboratórios vêm se difundindo bastante pelo Brasil e pelo mundo, sendo importantes centros de inovação customizada com atuação colaborativa e em redes.
FAKE NEWS E DEMOCRACIA
Authors: Santiago Eloisa Samy
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo versa sobre o fenômeno das fake news, suas repercussões sociais e as consequências jurídicas que dele decorrem, em especial no campo das liberdades públicas e da democracia. O ponto nodal da investigação reside na análise da desinformação como mecanismo de distorção da realidade, com vistas a manipular a opinião pública e interferir nos processos democráticos, particularmente mediante o uso de plataformas digitais que, por meio de algoritmos, ampliam sua propagação. Para conduzir a pesquisa, adota-se o método dedutivo, ancorado em conceitos filosóficos e sociológicos aplicados ao Direito, com revisão integrativa, objetivando analisar os modos como a desinformação veiculada por fake news afeta a confiança nas instituições e distorce o processo de formação da vontade popular. Busca-se compreender os limites jurídicos e éticos para o combate a esse fenômeno, considerando o risco de censura e o papel das redes sociais na promoção de conteúdos engajadores, em detrimento da veracidade. Conclui-se, à guisa de síntese, que o enfrentamento das fake news demanda, além de regulação eficiente, uma promoção da cultura democrática, sob pena de se perpetuar um estado de dominação informacional que compromete a autodeterminação dos cidadãos no âmbito democrático.
Electroacupuncture Serum Protects against Blood-brain Barrier Damage
after Ischemic Stroke by Regulating Pericytes in vitro
Authors: Zhang Hanrui , Lyv Hequn , Feng Yaoting , Peng Yongjun
Published: November 2024

Background:

Electroacupuncture (EA) exerts a protective role in Blood-Brain Barrier
(BBB) damage after ischemic stroke, but whether this effect involves the regulation of the pericytes
in vitro is unclear.

Methods:

The in vitro BBB models were established with brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs)
and pericytes, and the co-cultured cells were randomly divided into three groups: the control
group, oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) group and EA group. OGD/R
was performed to simulate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in vitro. EA serum was prepared by EA
treatment at the “Renzhong” (GV26) and “Baihui” (GV20) acupoints in middle cerebral artery occlusion/
reperfusion rats. Furthermore, the characteristics of BMECs and pericytes were identified
with immunological staining. The cell morphology of the BBB model was observed using an inverted
microscope. The function of BBB was measured with transendothelial electrical resistance
(TEER) and sodium fluorescein, and the viability, apoptosis, and migration of pericytes were detected
by cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and Transwell migration assay.

Results:

BMECs were positive staining for Factor-VIII, and pericytes were positive staining for
the α-SMA and NG2. EA serum improved cell morphology of the BBB model, increased TEER
and decreased sodium fluorescein in OGD/R condition. Besides, EA serum alleviated pericytes
apoptosis rate and migration number, and enhanced pericytes viability rate in OGD/R condition.

Conclusion:

EA serum protects against BBB damage induced by OGD/R in vitro, and this protection
might be achieved by attenuating pericytes apoptosis and migration, as well as enhancing pericytes
viability. The findings provided new evidence for EA as a medical therapy for ischemic
stroke.
COVID-19 and Gender Effects on Dental Students' Preclinical Performance
Authors: Alkadi Lubna , Farook Fathima Fazrina , Alghilan Maryam A. , Alfadley Abdulmohsen , Jamleh Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Introduction/Objective

Gender differences in academic performance exhibit global variations, with females often outperforming males at school levels, though university results are mixed. In dentistry, these trends are shaped by cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, alongside cultural and environmental factors. The COVID-19 pandemic's shift to online learning necessitates exploring the role of gender in dental academic achievements. This cross-sectional observational study examines the impact of gender differences on the academic performance of second-year dental students in preclinical restorative courses over five academic years before and during the pandemic.

Methods

Scores of 415 second-year dental students were analyzed and compared across four specific preclinical restorative courses: fixed prosthodontics, removable prosthodontics, operative dentistry, and endodontics, spanning from 2016-2017 to 2020-2021 academic years.

Results

The analysis revealed significant differences in the mean overall scores across all courses. Students achieved higher overall grades during the pandemic than before it, yet no clear association was found linking gender with the pandemic's effect on academic performance.

Conclusion

These insights reveal the complex dynamics of academic performance considering gender and the changing educational setting in the wake of the pandemic.
The Role of Noncoding RNAs in the Prognosis and Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer: An Emerging Biomarker
Authors: Vani O. Surekha , Thangaraj Kavitha R , Ravichandran Varshaa , Paul Solomon F. D
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer has become the leading cause of death worldwide, and it is the second
most common cancer in women and the third most common cancer in men. Accumulating
evidence suggests that genetic and epigenetic factors play a key role in the development of colorectal
cancer. Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) play an important role in the suppression or development
of cancer in various conditions. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) have been the focus,
and the association of CSC and non-coding RNA has played a crucial role in the development of
human cancers. These non-coding RNAs are known to be expressed in many cancers. Studies
have suggested that ncRNAs are dysregulated in colorectal cancer cells, and different factors, like
Wnt and Notch, are involved in this dysregulation. ncRNAs play a significant role in cancer initiation,
migration, and resistance to therapies. Moreover, long noncoding RNAs are known to
regulate tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Targeting different ncRNAs like miRNA, circular
RNA, long noncoding RNAs, and small interfering RNA may provide efficient, targeted therapeutic
strategies for colon cancer treatment. This review aims to briefly discuss the latest findings
on the role of noncoding RNAs in the prognosis and diagnosis of colon cancer.
The Self-assembly of Single Amino Acids and Materials Rich in a Particular Amino Acid
Authors: Reji Anakha , Selvaraj Arya , Jose Seno , Nair Divya Gopalakrishnan , Narayanan Sunilkumar Puthenpurackal
Published: November 2024

Diseases can result from an excess or deficit of amino acids in the blood. The smallest
biomolecules that can self-assemble are amino acids. Fifteen amino acids, phenylalanine,
tryptophan, histidine, glycine, alanine, valine, serine, isoleucine, proline, cysteine, glutamic acid,
methionine, threonine, tyrosine, and lysine, have been observed to self-assemble out of the
twenty amino acid forms. A disorder known as "hyperaminoacidemia" can result from elevated
blood levels of amino acids, while there are rare exceptions, such as phenylketonuria (high
phenylalanine) and histidinemia (high histidine concentration). Increased level of amino acids in
the blood is the source of all these disorders, which can manifest neurological symptoms, such as
mental retardation, convulsions, epilepsy, immobility, and developmental delay. The high
concentrations of amino acids in the body are caused by decreased activity of enzymes that are
responsible for breaking down amino acids, a phenomenon that has been extensively studied in
relation to mutations in these enzymes. Phenylketonuria, a neurological disorder caused by
phenylalanine self-assembly, is associated with high phenylalanine levels. Neurodegeneration,
typified by tryptophan self-assembly, is caused by an abnormal accumulation of tryptophan,
which has been connected to hypertryptophanemia. There is uncertainty about the molecular
mechanism underlying diseases caused by elevated levels of every other amino acid in our
bodies. The self-assembly of various single amino acids and materials rich in a specific amino
acid is discussed in this review article, along with the consequences and the variety of structures
that are created, as well as the effects of factors like temperature, pH, concentration, and so forth.
Exploring the Impact of the Multimodal CAPABLE eHealth Intervention on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Melanoma Undergoing Immune-Checkpoint Inhibition: Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Fraterman Itske , Sacchi Lucia , Mallo Henk , Tibollo Valentina , Glaser Savannah Lucia Catherina , Medlock Stephanie , Cornet Ronald , Gabetta Matteo , Hisko Vitali , Khadakou Vadzim , Barkan Ella , Del Campo Laura , Glasspool David , Kogan Alexandra , Lanzola Giordano , Leizer Roy , Ottaviano Manuel , Peleg Mor , Śniatała Konrad , Lisowska Aneta , Wilk Szymon , Parimbelli Enea , Quaglini Silvana , Rizzo Mimma , Locati Laura Deborah , Boekhout Annelies , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke V , Wilgenhof Sofie
Published: November 2024

Background

Patients with melanoma receiving immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors often experience immune-related adverse events, cancer-related fatigue, and emotional distress, affecting health-related quality of life () and clinical outcome to immunotherapy. eHealth tools can aid patients with cancer in addressing issues, such as adverse events and psychosocial well-being, from various perspectives.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the effect of the Cancer Patients Better Life Experience (CAPABLE) system, accessed through a mobile app, on HRQoL compared with a matched historical control group receiving standard care. CAPABLE is an extensively tested eHealth app, including educational material, remote symptom monitoring, and well-being interventions.

Methods

This prospective pilot study compared an exploratory cohort that received the CAPABLE smartphone app and a multisensory smartwatch for 6 months (intervention) to a 2:1 individually matched historical prospective control group. HRQoL data were measured with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 at baseline (T0), 3 months (T1), and 6 months (T2) after start of treatment. Mixed effects linear regression models were used to compare HRQoL between the 2 groups over time.

Results

From the 59 eligible patients for the CAPABLE intervention, 31 (53%) signed informed consent to participate. Baseline HRQoL was on average 10 points higher in the intervention group compared with controls, although equally matched on baseline and clinical characteristics. When correcting for sex, age, disease stage, and baseline scores, an adjusted difference in fatigue of −5.09 (95% CI −15.20 to 5.02, P=.32) at month 3 was found. No significant nor clinically relevant adjusted differences on other HRQoL domains over time were found. However, information satisfaction was significantly higher in the CAPABLE group (β=8.71, 95% CI 1.54‐15.88, P=.02).

Conclusions

The intervention showed a limited effect on HRQoL, although there was a small improvement in fatigue at 3 months, as well as information satisfaction. When aiming at personalized patient and survivorship care, further optimization and prospective investigation of eHealth tools is warranted.
The Digital Divide and Cognitive Disparities Among Older Adults: Community-Based Cohort Study in China
Authors: Li Yumeng , Liu Chen , Sun Jiaqing , Zhang Junying , Li Xin , Zhang Zhanjun
Published: November 2024

Background

The widespread adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) further deepens disparities in resource access, particularly among the aging population. However, the relationship between these factors and their resulting impact on cognitive abilities remains uncertain.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the potential impact of the digital divide on individuals’ cognitive function and its association with the development and reversion of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

This cohort study used data from Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation (BABRI) study applying a multistage cluster sampling design between 2008 and 2020. The digital divide was quantified by the frequency of using ICTs. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), mixed linear models, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to model the association of digital divide and multidomain cognition.

Results

Among the 10098 participants, nearly half (n=4941, 48.9%) faced the digital divide, which was associated with a worse performance in processing speed (F10096=10.67; P<.001; effect size r=0.42), rather than memory, executive function, and language. The model indicated that individuals’ physical and mental health, combined with their educational and occupational prestige, influenced the resources they attained, which ultimately caused the digital divide. Moreover, longitudinal data revealed that older adults who successfully crossed the digital divide during the tracking process and those who had already done so prior to tracking showed significantly slower rates of decline in processing speed (B=–1.98, P<.05; B=–2.62, P<.01) and general cognitive function (B=3.50, P<.001; B=3.13, P<.01). Additionally, overcoming the digital divide was also associated with a lower risk of developing MCI (hazard ratio [HR] 0.5, 95% CI 0.34-0.74; HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.29-0.62) and a greater probability of reversion from MCI to normal cognition (HR 6, 95% CI 3.77-9.56; HR 9.22, 95% CI 5.63-15.11).

Conclusions

Overcoming the digital divide was significantly associated with improved cognitive function, a slower aging rate in cognitive performance, a reduced risk of developing MCI, and a higher likelihood of reverting from MCI to normal cognition.
Relationship Between Heart Rate and Perceived Stress in Intensive Care Unit Residents: Exploratory Analysis Using Fitbit Data (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Ruijing , Rezaeian Olya , Asan Onur , Zhang Linghan , Liao Ting
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Intensive care unit (ICU) residents are exposed to high stress levels due to the intense nature of their work, which can impact their mental health and job performance. Heart rate measured through wearable devices has the potential to provide insights into residents’ self-reported stress and aid in developing targeted interventions.

OBJECTIVE

This exploratory study aims to analyze continuous heart rate data and self-reported stress levels and stressors in ICU residents to examine correlations between physiological responses, stress levels, and daily stressors reported.

METHODS

A secondary data analysis was conducted on heart rate measurements and stress assessments collected from 57 ICU residents over a 3-week period using Fitbit Charge 3 devices. These devices captured continuous physiological data alongside daily surveys that assessed stress levels and identified stressors. The study used Spearman rank correlation, point-biserial correlation analysis, 2-tailed paired t tests, and mixed-effect models to analyze the relationship between heart rate features and stress indicators.

RESULTS

The findings reveal complex interactions between stress levels and heart rate patterns. The correlation analysis between stress levels and median heart rate values across different percentile ranges showed that lower percentile heart rates (bottom 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50%) had modest correlations with stress, whereas higher percentiles (top 50%, 25%, 10%, and 5%) did not correlate significantly (all P>.05). The 2-tailed paired t test indicated significant differences in stress levels reported in midday versus end-of-day surveys (P<.001), although these changes in stress levels were not consistently reflected in heart rate patterns. Additionally, we explored and found that stressors related to “other health” issues had the highest positive correlation with stress level changes from midday to end-of-day surveys. However, the weak effect of these stressors on peak heart rate suggests that their impact on physiological measures like heart rate is not yet clear. According to our mixed-effects model, stress levels significantly influenced heart rate variations when hierarchical data were taken into account (P=.03), meaning that as the stress level increased, there was a significant increase in mean heart rate.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the complexity of using heart rate as an indicator of stress, particularly in high-stress environments like the ICU. Our findings suggest that while heart rate is found to correlate with self-reported stress in the mixed-effect model, its impact is modest, and it should be combined with other physiological and psychological measures to obtain a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of residents’ stress levels.
Effectiveness of a Novel Web-Based Intervention to Enhance Therapeutic Relationships and Treatment Outcomes in Adult Individual Psychotherapy: Randomized Controlled Trial and Analysis of Predictors of Dropouts (Preprint)
Authors: Stefana Alberto , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Vieta Eduard , Youngstrom Eric A
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Routine process and outcome monitoring interventions added to psychotherapy are known to improve treatment outcomes, although they vary in format and effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate whether a therapist-independent, internet-based routine process monitoring and feedback system could significantly reduce psychological distress and enhance the quality of the therapeutic relationship compared with a treatment-as-usual control group among individuals already engaged in individual psychotherapy.

METHODS

We randomized 475 participants into either the intervention group, which received access to an internet-based routine process monitoring and feedback system in addition to psychotherapy, or the control group, which received only psychotherapy. The trial lasted for 10 weeks. Follow-up assessments at 5 weeks and 10 weeks used the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure as the primary outcome, with the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised and the Real Relationship Inventory-Client form as secondary outcomes.

RESULTS

Per-protocol analyses (n=166) showed that psychological distress decreased in both groups, but there was no significant advantage for the intervention group. The intervention group experienced a decline in the genuineness dimension score of the real relationship, with an effect size of d=–0.27, compared with d=0.01 in the control group. In the intervention group (but not in the control group), dropouts showed significantly lower real relationship levels (P=.002), working alliance quality (P=.051), and emotional disclosure (P=.01) compared with those who completed the study. Additionally, logistic regression revealed distinct predictors of dropout within the control group and intervention group.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings do not provide conclusive evidence for the efficacy of the new internet-based intervention in enhancing self-monitoring and prompting reflection on patients’ emotional responses to their therapists. However, the intervention appears to influence patients’ perceptions of the genuineness dimension in the therapeutic relationship, warranting further investigation. We hypothesize that this alteration in the genuineness dimension could be attributed to the intervention facilitating a more realistic and accurate perception of the therapeutic relationship among participants.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06038747; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06038747

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/55369
Evaluating a customised version of ChatGPT for systematic review extraction in health research (Preprint)
Authors: Sercombe Jayden , Bryant Zachary , Wilson Jack
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Systematic reviews are essential for synthesising research in health sciences, yet they are resource-intensive and prone to human error. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), specifically Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, may streamline this process.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop and evaluate a custom Generative Pre-Training Transformer (GPT), named Systematic Review Extractor Pro, for automating the data extraction phase of systematic reviews in health research.

METHODS

OpenAI's GPT Builder was used to create a GPT tailored to extract information from academic manuscripts. A sample of 20 studies across two distinct systematic reviews was used to evaluate the GPT's performance in extraction. Agreement rates between the GPT outputs and human reviewers were calculated for each study subsection.

RESULTS

The GPT demonstrated high overall agreement rates with human reviewers, achieving 91.45% for review 1 and 89.31% for review 2. It was particularly accurate in extracting study (review 1: 95.25; review 2: 90.83%) and participant (review 1: 95.03%; review 2: 90.00%) characteristics, with lower performance observed in more complex areas such as methodological characteristics (87.07%) and statistical results (77.50%).

CONCLUSIONS

As AI is a rapidly evolving, the technology may significantly enhance systematic review practices by improving efficiency and reducing human errors. The tool in the current study has been made open access.
Correction: A Comprehensive Youth Diabetes Epidemiological Data Set and Web Portal: Resource Development and Case Studies (Preprint)
Authors: McDonough Catherine , Li Yan Chak , Vangeepuram Nita , Liu Bian , Pandey Gaurav
Published: November 2024

UNSTRUCTURED
Жизнь в науке не может быть простой, но от этого она не менее интересна
Authors: Ярославцев А.Б.
Published: November 2024

Герой нашего сегодняшнего рассказа – советский и российский ученый-химик,
широко известный специалист в области физической химии и химии твердого тела, академик РАН Ярославцев Андрей Борисович. В год празднования 300‑летия Российской академии наук Андрею Борисовичу была вручена медаль ордена «За заслуги перед Отечеством» II степени за многолетний и плодотворный труд во благо развития химической науки, которой Андрей Борисович занимается давно и с большим энтузиазмом. От лица редакции нашего издания мы сердечно поздравляем А. Б. Ярославцева с этой значимой наградой. О том, что сегодня волнует и чем гордится А. Б. Ярославцев, посвятивший многие годы работе в одном из неоспоримо важных направлений научной деятельности, журнал «АНАЛИТИКА» узнал из первых уст.
Способы контроля химической стабильности изоляционных жидкостей
Authors: Лютикова М.Н. , Ридель А.В. , Гарифуллин М.Ш. , Слободина Ю.Н.
Published: November 2024

Предложен способ оптимизации свойств
трансформаторного масла (ароматическое,
парафиновое, нафтеновое) по стабилизации процесса осадкообразования, путем
смешивания масла с синтетическим сложным эфиром в определенном соотношении.
Для контроля изменения свойств масла и смесей проведено ускоренное старение
в условиях, приближенных к реальным при эксплуатации изоляционной жидкости
в высоковольтных трансформаторах. По мере старения оценивали химическую
стабильность масла, сложноэфирной жидкости, а также их смесей с помощью
оптических методов. Контроль стабильности изоляционных жидкостей выполнялся
по таким показателям, как оптическая мутность, количество механических частиц
по фракциям, индекс загрязненности и относительное содержание растворенных
в жидкостях продуктов распада. Показано, что перечисленные параметры могут
служить эффективными индикаторами процесса коллоидо- и осадкообразования
в жидком диэлектрике на начальном этапе и использоваться в целях превентивной
диагностики изоляции высоковольтного оборудования.
Лабораторные установки для исследования физико-­химических и механических свой­ств гетерогенных катализаторов для нефтехимии
Authors: Соловьева М.Д. , Лапин В.А. , Астахов А.В.
Published: November 2024

Рассматриваются актуальные группы катализаторов, используемых в нефтехимии,
поднимается проблема нехватки испытательного оборудования отечественного
производства на российском рынке. Заполнить образовавшуюся нишу поможет
оборудование компании «Мета-хром », предназначенное для исследования
физико-химических и механических свойств гетерогенных катализаторов.
Описаны разработанные решения, сделан акцент на их инновационных
аспектах и возможностях, которые позволяют значительно повысить качество
исследований и тестирования катализаторов. Подчеркивается важность
создания конкурентоспособного оборудования для поддержки отечественной
нефтехимической отрасли.
Modelos matemáticos en la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Cruz Pacheco Gustavo , Bustamante Castañeda José Fernando , Jiménez Corona María Eugenia , Ponce de León Rosales Samuel , Rodríguez Álvarez Mauricio
Published: November 2024

Los modelos matemáticos aportan información sobre la dinámica espacial y temporal de las epidemias tanto a nivel global (pandemia) como a nivel local, en un país o región, con lo cual se puede llevar a cabo una mejor comunicación de riesgos en la población y proponer acciones poblacionales. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, el Grupo de Trabajo en Epidemiología del Programa Universitario de Investigación en Salud (PUIS) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) llevó a cabo diversos análisis para modelar el comportamiento de la epidemia en el país y proporcionó información para la planeación de estrategias de control y comunicación de riesgos en varios estados de la República y dentro de la comunidad universitaria. Para el desarrollo y utilización de estos modelos ha sido fundamental la colaboración de profesionales de diferentes disciplinas, ya que tanto los modelos y sus parámetros, así como el análisis e interpretación de los resultados, deben hacerse con una visión crítica por especialistas con experiencia en el comportamiento de estos fenómenos en situaciones reales. Para que los modelos matemáticos sean útiles en este tipo de situaciones se debe procurar siempre utilizar el modelo más simple posible, siempre y cuando contenga las variables más relevantes del fenómeno que se analizará. Por cada término que se agregue al modelo se tendrá un parámetro adicional que modificará las estimaciones, lo cual, al tratarse de una pandemia por un virus nuevo, representa prácticamente toda una investigación por separado. Aún en los casos en que algunos de estos parámetros van apareciendo paulatinamente en la literatura especializada, éstos no siempre aparecen de forma adecuada para ser utilizados en el modelo en desarrollo, asimismo, es importante ver siempre con cautela las estimaciones, sobre todo al inicio de la pandemia, cuando la información es preliminar y muy cambiante. Para el análisis de la pandemia de COVID-19 en México y el mundo elaboramos dos modelos matemáticos, uno para estimar la fecha del inicio del primer brote en México y otro para el análisis y seguimiento de la epidemia local, una vez que se hubiera establecido la transmisión comunitaria del virus, mismos que se detallan a continuación. Para todos los análisis se utilizó el programa Wolfram Mathematica 12.
‘Curb Sitting’: An Evidence-Based Policing Practice or An Officer Safety Myth?
Authors: Blake Dave , Suss Joel
Published: November 2024

The curb-sitting technique typically involves officers instructing an individual to sit on a curb with their legs extended in front of them. This approach is believed to give officers more reaction time in the event the subject flees or assaults the officer.
Seated subjects were slower than standing subjects to cross a distance of 5 feet. Placing a subject in a seated position (e.g., on a curb) can afford officers additional time to defend themselves, should the subject attack.
Subjects who were seated with their legs extended were slower to get up and cross short distances than subjects who were seated with their legs crossed and ankles close to their buttocks.
Although a seated subject is slower to cover 5 feet than a standing subject, they can still do so in less than 1.5 seconds. Thus, officers must remain vigilant even when using the curb-sitting tactic. To increase their reactionary time, officers should extend their distance from a curb-seated subject and use cover/concealment when possible.
Strengths and Challenges of Virtual Reality Training for Operational Police Practice
Authors: Kleygrewe Lisanne , Hutter Vana , Koedijk Matthijs , Oudejans Raôul R.
Published: November 2024

Virtual Reality (VR) training has distinct characteristics compared to real-life training. While VR offers flexible scenario design and fast repetitions of scenarios, real-life training allows for higher levels of physical training activity (i.e., running, quick movements).
Police officers experience similar psychological stress responses in real-life and VR training, which makes VR a suitable tool to use for the training of psychologically demanding tasks (e.g., room clearance scenarios, domestic disputes, etc.).
When training in VR, police officers invest more mental effort than during real-life training. To train effectively in VR, the training design should include a sufficient familiarization period where officers can explore the VR tools and the virtual environment before starting the VR training scenarios.