bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temps passé et temps ressenti : les graffiti de l'ancienne prison de Brignoles
Authors: Truchi Sandrine
Published: January 2018

Past times, passage of time : graffiti in the former prison of Brignoles.

This paper intends to evidence first the different representations of the wolf in the debates aroused by its arrival in the Alpes-Maritimes. In front of the heavy pressure undergone by the catde breeders, ethologists are trying to explain that the wolf s slaughters can be viewed as resulting of two types of distinct behaviours : the one that is adopted during predation on wild fauna, and the one that concerns domestic live-stock. They suggest it is the behaviour of panicking flocks that induces carnages. Following an anthropomorphising process, some publications show the wolf as a victim in the sense that, being deprived of its natural preys, it is in a way compelled to fall back on flocks. Besides, its dangerousness for man is smoothed out, or admitted only in case of rabies. What is really at stake in this debate, is the will, for ecologists, to save eradicated species in order to rebuild an ecological balance. The myth of the attacking wolf, as conveyed by oral and written traditions, is thus replaced by an ideology that is in fact another kind of mythic thinking.

We then trace the history of stands and argumentations as they appeared in the press from 1982 to 2001, as well as measures proposed by officiai institutions. Evidences of damages caused by stray dogs added complexity to the debate and fed the controversy.

Therefore, the wolf as an animal is progressively disappea-ring, and eventually becoming a standard raised by each part to defend their cause. It is used as an argument to denounce environmental measures on the one hand, and unsuited pastoral practices on the other hand.
Graffiti navals en prison : une thématique
Authors: Rigaud Philippe
Published: January 2018

Naval graffiti in prison -a known theme.

Représentations of boats are so frequently seen on lay and religious buildings that they have come to be seen as symbols of recognition for civil authority or divine forces. The same images in the Arles "Hôtel de Ville" are a little more surprising. It may be that their authors were convicts destined for the galleys, and locked up to await their fate for a few nights in the Arlesian gaol.
Les graffiti des prisons du Bas-Aragon (Espagne) : un cas exemplaire de patrimonialisation
Authors: Benavente Serrano José Antonio , Casanovas Àngels , Rovira Jordi , Thomson Maria Teresa
Published: January 2018

Dans le Bas-Aragon, dix espaces carcéraux ont été sélectionnés dans le cadre d'une valorisation touristique d'un «circuit des prisons», projet appuyé par le programme européen Leader 2. Il s'agit pour la plupart de cellules, souvent très bien conservées, comprises dans d'anciens Hôtels de ville. Plan et localisation dans le bâtiment général sont très variés. De nombreuses cellules ont gardé leurs instruments de contention (chaînes, carcans, anneaux, etc.).

Ces prisons d'Ancien Régime servaient uniquement à garder les prisonniers en attente de leur jugement. Les conditions d'incarcération dépendaient en grande partie de l'avidité des geôliers et de la possibilité ou non de s'acquitter de nombreuses taxes pour manger ou louer une paillasse. Les graffiti relevés sont classiques : décomptes du temps, représentations féminines, armes, mains, etc. On note aussi un chemin de croix et quelques invocations aux saints.

La réhabilitation de ces lieux passe par la mise en place de panneaux explicatif, par l'élaboration d'une base de données sur les graffiti, l'histoire des prisons et les archives judiciaires, par des reconstitutions avec mannequins et objets, et par l'édition d'un dépliant et d'un guide de vulgarisation. Se pose encore le problème de la gestion de ce circuit par des organismes privés ou publics.
L'abattage du porc, une fête patrimoniale ? L'exemple de «La Saint-Cochon dans la ville» à Bourg-en-Bresse
Authors: Balvet Delphine
Published: January 2018

En Bresse, département de l'Ain, est organisée chaque année une manifestation qui vise à animer la ville de Bourg-en-Bresse et à favoriser le tissu économique local. Elle repose sur la vente de charcuteries par les professionnels de la région et sur la démonstration d'une activité importante de la vie rurale du passé : la transformation d'un porc en charcuteries.

Mais le choix de cette activité comme vecteur patrimonial de la société bressane n'est pas évident, en particulier par le fait que celle-ci repose sur la mise à mort d'un animal, mise à mort qui ne peut facilement devenir un spectacle. Pour pouvoir être exhibée, cette pratique subit un processus sélectif qui lui fait alors perdre son sens principal et qui crée de l'incompréhension tant de la part des citadins que des ruraux ou encore des organisateurs. L'exemple de «la Saint Cochon dans la ville» montre les ambiguïtés et les limites de la patrimonialisation alors que se multiplient des fêtes mettant en relation une activité et un territoire.
Vertrieu, genèse d'un projet de territoire
Authors: Riboreau Brigitte
Published: January 2018

Vertrieu, the origins of a local development project

The «old» castle and its «new» successor at Vertrieu (Nord-Isère) are part of an ongoing historical process which justifies them being treated as a whole. Five centuries separate the old 12th century fortress and its 17th century counterpart. Both are listed buildings, with work having been done on several occasions to protect and restore them.

The present article détails ail the work done over the last 20 years, focusing in particular on the stakes for the local council and community, with regard to saving and enhancing their heritage. Though everyone is prepared to work together towards a long-term aim, the various parties have différent goals which reflect the many ways in which we perceive the notion of héritage.
L'asile des vieillards de La Tronche 1894-2005
Authors: Bretagnon Sylvie
Published: January 2018

À l'heure où l'hôpital est un lieu de questionnement architectural et urbanistique, l'étude de l'évolution d'un cadre hospitalier pendant plus d'un siècle apporte un éclairage sur les problématiques actuelles.

Alors que Grenoble est doté d'un hôpital-hospice à la fin du XIXe siècle, la partie dédiée aux vieillards et épidémiques sera transférée à La Tronche en 1894. Cet asile sera rapidement pourvu de nouveaux bâtiments, puis accueillera en 1917 fiévreux et tuberculeux, devenant ainsi un hôpital-sanatorium, avant une transformation en «service des chroniques» après 1950. De constructions en reconversions, l'émergence de nouveaux besoins, les contraintes spatiales, les évolutions démographiques et sociales n'ont jamais cessé de modeler ce patrimoine sanitaire. Un ensemble qui témoigne surtout, au-delà de la perpétuelle redéfinition de ses fonctions, de la vie des soignants comme de celles des soignés.
Les «Sept Merveilles du Dauphiné » : entre mémoire provinciale et instrumentalisations
Authors: Favier René
Published: January 2018

L'invention des «Sept Merveilles du Dauphiné» remonte au XVIIe siècle mais s'inscrit dans une tradition déjà ancienne, inaugurée par Gervais de Tilbury. Instaurant un parallèle avec les Sept Merveilles de l'Antiquité, cette mythologie dauphinoise se fonda d'ailleurs plus sur le chiffre lui-même que sur la liste des sites qui fut longtemps aléatoire selon les auteurs.

Le mythe fut très tôt instrumentalisé, d'abord politiquement. Chacune de ces merveilles fut en effet censée représenter une facette du pouvoir royal, manœuvre dénoncée tout au long du XVIIIe siècle par les militants des Lumières. À partir du XIXe siècle, l'instrumentalisation fut d'un autre ordre et le tourisme naissant les vit devenir des curiosités à ne pas manquer.

Malgré ces appropriations successives, on ne peut nier que les Sept Merveilles contribuèrent dès l'origine à forger une identité provinciale, s'avérant paradoxalement seules capables d'entretenir une mémoire locale.
«Construire le monde de demain» : l'ethnographie provençale à l'exposition universelle de New York (1939)
Authors: Fournier Laurent Sébastien
Published: January 2018

«Building tomorrow's world» : the ethnography of Provence at the New York World's Fair (1939).

This article reports on field work done in 1938 by Georges Henri Rivière and his team from the Musée National des Arts et Traditions Populaires, in Paris, at Barbentane-en-Provence, near Avignon. The work was designed to prepare a contribution to the World's Fair, in New York the following year. It high-lights the peculiar rhetoric of ethnologists at this time, divided between tradition and modernity. The description of the exhibition, the involvement of local players, relations with the press and even random events during the trip help us to understand the rationale underpinning an innovative project, both complex and multifunctional. From a historical point of view, it seems sufFiciently distant to serve as testimony to the gradual change from a largely backward-looking interest in folklore to a form of anthropology applied to local development, concerned about the future and active involvement in research.
Le musée de Bourgoin-Jallieu ou le mariage exemplaire de l'industrie et du patrimoine
Authors: Huss Valérie
Published: January 2018

Musée de Bourgoin-Jallieu, or an exemplary combination of industry and heritage.

The town of Bourgoin-Jallieu made a name for itself in the 19th century as a major textile centre. In the 1960s it set about preserving this heritage and several projects, of varying size, took shape despite the difficult economic conditions.

However it was only in 1992 that the combined efforts of local people, industry and the town council succeeded in defining a clear identity associated with the textile industry. At the same time the muséums collection was enlarged and a programme of research and outreach was launched.

Since its relaunch in 2000 the Bourgoin-Jallieu museum has confirmed the relevance of its cultural and scientifîc project. However, the collapse of the textile industry raises new questions about the museums place in the community.
«L’héliski» et la protection de la montagne. La légalité des déposes de skieurs par hélicoptère pour le tournage d’un film. Le cas de la France
Authors: Heuck Jennifer
Published: January 2018

Le «free-ride » est devenu un des sports d’hiver «tendance » de cette décennie, commercialisé au travers d’images spectaculaires. Ces dernières montrent la descente de skieurs, qui se font déposer aux sommets des montagnes par un hélicoptère, sur des pentes raides. Pour la réalisation des images, les skieurs sont filmés à partir d’un hélicoptère, ce qui permet une perspective en plongée. Cette pratique semble poser des questions quant à sa conformité avec l’article L. 363-1 du Code de l’environnement interdisant la dépose de passagers par des aéronefs en zones de montagne. La difficulté repose essentiellement dans le fait de savoir si ces skieurs agissent à des «fins de loisirs » et non pas à des «fins professionnelles » exclues du champ d’application de la disposition. Pour ce qui concerne le droit international, cette pratique est en contradiction avec les dispositions des protocoles de la Convention alpine qui prévoient une interdiction (ou en tout cas une limitation) des déposes par aéronefs en montagne, sans prévoir une quelconque dérogation.
Un code primeur pour la naissance du droit de l’énergie
Authors: Krolik Christophe
Published: January 2018

La publication du Code de l’énergie peut être assimilée à l’acte de naissance du droit français de l’énergie. Il affirme la maturité d’un corps de règles et en décode le contenu. Il fait apparaître des institutions spécifiques et un corpus

autonome. Il précise les frontières entre les champs juridiques et conduit à s’interroger sur leur méthode de classification. Le Code de l’énergie met également en exergue les carences de la matière et appelle une consolidation tant formelle que substantielle. En effet, les concepts juridiques, les droits subjectifs et les principes directeurs du droit de l’énergie demeurent sous-jacents et mériteraient d’être formalisés pour la lisibilité et l’efficacité du droit. Les interrogations portent encore sur le plan retenu qui érige un Code des énergies et sur les possibilités d’un véritable Code de l’énergie. Par conséquent, si l’oeuvre du codificateur constitue une avancée pour la science juridique, elle mériterait d’être poursuivie par une doctrine éclairée en droit de l’énergie.
Accès à la justice de l’Union européenne, le Comité d’examen du respect des dispositions de la Convention d’Aarhus s’immisce dans le dialogue des juges européens : à propos de la décision no ACCC/C/2008/32 du 14 avril 2011
Authors: Betaille Julien
Published: January 2018

L’Union européenne ayant approuvé la Convention d’Aarhus, il lui appartient, ainsi qu’à ses organes juridictionnels, de la respecter. Le Comité d’examen du respect des dispositions de la Convention d’Aarhus, organe quasi juridictionnel en charge de l’application de cette Convention, était saisi à propos du respect par l’Union de l’article 9, paragraphe 3, de la Convention. La décision du 14 avril 2011 a tout d’abord été l’occasion pour le Comité de préciser la portée de la Convention d’Aarhus à l’égard de l’Union européenne, particulièrement de son article 9. Le principal apport de cette décision est cependant de mettre en évidence les insuffisances des voies de droit de l’Union européenne vis-à-vis de l’article 9 de la Convention. L’interprétation que la Cour de justice donne de l’article 263, alinéa 4, du TFUE apparaît comme particulièrement restrictive, principalement en ce qui concerne le critère de l’affectation individuelle. Au-delà, le Comité examine l’économie générale des voies de droit de l’Union, prenant le soin de relever les insuffisances du renvoi préjudiciel en appréciation de validité, lequel ne saurait selon lui compenser l’étroitesse de l’accès au recours en annulation. La décision du Comité apporte ainsi une vision moins conciliante de l’accès au juge de l’Union que celle défendue par la Cour EDH dans son arrêt Bosphorus. Il s’immisce ainsi dans un dialogue des juges européens où personne ne l’attendait vraiment.
La complaisance du droit face aux trafics illicites transfrontières de déchets dangereux : l’affaire du Probo Koala
Authors: Bourrel Marie
Published: January 2018

La prise de conscience de la Communauté internationale en matière de mouvements transfrontières de déchets dangereux remonte au début des années 1980 avec la mise à jour de véritables trafics organisés entre pays développés et pays sous-développés. La société civile découvre alors que les déchets produits en masse dans les pays industrialisés et dont il devient très coûteux de se débarrasser sont transportés et abandonnés dans des pays économiquement moins avancés et rarement pourvus des installations adaptées. Les coûts de traitement et d’élimination proposés alors par les pays d’importation excluent de leur logique les exigences sanitaires et sécuritaires érigées pourtant en standards dans les pays développés, permettant ainsi aux mécanismes économiques traditionnels que sont l’offre et la demande d’asseoir un peu plus la pérennité de tels trafics. Malgré un dispositif juridique a priori abouti en la matière et dont la préoccupation principale est de limiter les mouvements transfrontières de déchets dangereux, la mise à jour de réelles filières établies ou en développement reste toujours d’actualité. Le déversement sauvage des déchets transportés par le navire Probo Koala en Côte d’Ivoire, dans la nuit du 19 au 20 août 2006, en est une parfaite illustration.
Faut-il se réjouir de la conclusion du Protocole de Nagoya ?
Authors: Burelli Thomas
Published: January 2018

Signed in 1992, the Convention on Biological Diversity introduced several tools in order to promote the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of biodiversity and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. Among these tools, ABS (access and benefit-sharing) gives the power to each national state to adopt procedures of access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge and procedures of fair and equitable benefit-sharing. Until today, the new principles of access and benefit-sharing included in the Convention have been fully implemented by very few countries. In order to fill this gap of implementation, the representatives of the parties have met in October 2010 and have adopted the protocol of Nagoya including the elements of an international ABS regime. However the new elements introduced by the protocol are very few compare to the existing tools. In addition, the protocol does not appear as a very effective tool in order to support the parties to the Convention in the process of implementation of the ABS.
La réforme de l’agrément du 12 juillet 2011 : des objectifs louables, une occasion manquée ?
Authors: Braud Xavier
Published: January 2018

The Grenelle Environment Forum promise of a new environmental governance including the creation of a new regime of rights and obligations for the most representative associations benefit has fizzled out. The 2011 reform was merely a transfer of a part of the powers granted to the registered associations (representation on key advisory bodies) to future " representative" associations. The access criteria to the " representativeness" are necessarily strict in view of the low number of seats. Even if they can be criticized, these criteria have the merit of targeting genuine civic associations of environment protection and exclude the fake associations covering public bodies or economic interests. The reform also took the opportunity to redefine in the same logic, the criteria for obtaining accreditation, especially in limiting the duration to 5 years, which will facilitate the disappearance of many improperly issued authorizations.
Nouvelles précisions de la CJUE sur la législation européenne relative aux OGM
Authors: Delzangles Hubert
Published: January 2018

European Union Court of Justice has just interpreted GMO’s regulation aspects. The first judgment deals with judicial consequences of genetically modified plants coexistence with traditional production surrounding. The second one clarified legal basis and conditions to forbid OGM on the member states territory.
La justice américaine et les cultures génétiquement modifiées
Authors: Mastor Wanda
Published: January 2018

Symbole de l’agriculture saisie par la chimie au nom d’objectifs affichés qui en dissimulent d’autres, Monsanto est au coeur de nombreuses batailles judiciaires à travers le monde. L’arrêt Monsanto Co. Et al. V. Geertson Seed farms et al., rendu par la Cour suprême des Etats-Unis le 21 juin 2010, semble à la fois satisfaire et décevoir chaque partie. Monsanto s’en félicite presque avec arrogance, quand d’autres évoquent au contraire un «revers » que la plus haute juridiction des Etats-Unis lui aurait infligé. Le juge de district de San Francisco, Jeffrey White, n’a pas hésité à suspendre une culture de betteraves, puis à en permettre son fauchage. De son côté, le juge Charles Breyer, également juge de la cour de San Francisco, est à l’origine de l’affaire des luzernes qui va remonter jusqu’à la Cour suprême. La comparaison de l’ensemble de ces décisions permet de confronter l’audace des juges du fond à l’ambivalence de la plus haute juridiction des Etats-Unis.
Chronique des décisions du comité d’examen du respect des dispositions de la convention d’Aarhus Décisions concernant la France, la Slovaquie et le Royaume-Uni
Authors: Betaille Julien
Published: January 2018

International bodies such as "compliance committees " play an increasing role in environmental matters. Among those bodies, the Aarhus Convention compliance committee (ACCC) has a particular place. Indeed, the ACCC is largely opened to the public and rules about procedural and horizontal norms. Some of his recent decisions can potentially influence domestic law. Interpretation of the article 6 of the Convention has evolved. The ACCC has first considered, not really clearly, that article 6 does not oblige France to organize a " débat public " before the public enquiry procedure. Then, in the Slovakian case, the ACCC determined limits to the independence between environmental law and planning law. This led the Committee to indirectly balance his decision about France by adopting a global interpretation of compliance to article 6, considering that all the options should stay open when public participation takes place. Finally, in the cases concerning the United Kingdom, the ACCC interpreted constructively article 9 of the Convention relating to access to justice. It concerns time limits, judge’s level of control, access to justice’s costs, equality of means and injunction’s effectiveness.
Le volet pénal de l’ordonnance n° 2012-34 du 11 janvier 2012
Authors: Jaworski Véronique
Published: January 2018

Parce qu’il présente un intérêt social supérieur, le droit de l’environnement français – nouveau droit de l’homme – mérite une protection pénale renforcée qui soit digne du rang constitutionnel auquel il a été élevé. Mais devant l’abondance des infractions existantes, assorties de mécanismes procéduraux et répressifs aussi divers que les différentes polices environnementales contenues dans le Code de l’environnement, se dressent les faiblesses patentes d’un système à simplifier et à harmoniser en vue d’une répression efficace de la délinquance écologique. L’ordonnance n° 2012-34 du 11 janvier 2012, qui entrera en vigueur au 1er juillet prochain, opère en ce sens une réforme des dispositions de police judiciaire dudit code afin de répondre à ces enjeux. Dans un souci d’adéquation et de clarification de la réponse pénale, le nouveau texte cherche à harmoniser, d’une part, les règles procédurales de recherche et de constatation des infractions, d’autre part, les mécanismes de répression offerts au juge. S’il en résulte de manière générale une harmonisation et un durcissement de l’arsenal répressif, il n’est pourtant point de refonte totale et la première pierre à l’édifice d’un nouveau droit pénal de l’environnement ainsi posée laisse entrevoir bien des lacunes encore à combler.
Chronique de droit suisse de l’environnement
Authors: Petitpierre-Sauvain Anne
Published: January 2018

Le droit suisse n’a pas subi de modifications fondamentales ces dernières années, mais il a évolué vers un rapprochement marqué avec le droit européen et la mise en oeuvre plus systématique de stratégies générales relatives tant à la biodiversité qu’aux enjeux énergétiques ou au génie génétique. En outre, l’usage croissant de l’initiative populaire pour promouvoir des politiques environnementales a entraîné des débats fondamentaux et des remises en question de normes à première vue acquises, telles que le droit de recours des associations de protection de l’environnement ou les principes relatifs à la gestion des cours d’eau. L’aménagement du territoire, en particulier la difficile relation entre les zones à bâtir et les zones naturelles, a également fait l’objet de revendications populaires débouchant sur des révisions législatives. Enfin, le gouvernement fédéral s’est engagé dans un processus de ratification de diverses conventions, en particulier celle d’Aarhus et le Protocole de Nagoya, qui vont entraîner des révisions législatives.
Droit de l’environnement outre-mer
Authors: Stahl Lucile
Published: January 2018

Each year, French oversea territories environmental law reveals more of its plasticity. To have a better understanding of this field, we can seek, as physics of materials does, the “ laws” of its behavior. The recent legal developments make it possible to identify at least three of those laws. First, French oversea territories environmental law, embedded in national law from which it remains distinct (as a frame within a frame), offers a mise en abyme of national law. Sharks’ law is a prime example. Secondly, French oversea territories environmental law still seeks its foundations and reveals a staggering construction as shown by criminal environmental law, torn between equality before law and regional and local situations. Eventually, French oversea territories environmental law behaves as a young law : fresh, creative, but also unstable and frivolous. To this regard, it remains ambivalent and recalcitrant to synthesis.
Chronique des arrêts de la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme
Authors: Nadaud Séverine , Marguénaud Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2018

Dans l’irrésistible exploration des champs environnementaux portés à leur connaissance, les juges européens continuent de tisser chaque année davantage une jurisprudence aux perspectives prometteuses. Ainsi, parmi la sélection des arrêts présentés dans la présente chronique, il convenait de commenter certaines affaires incontournables relatives à des nuisances sonores, que ce soit en provenance d’un aéroport (affaire Flamenbaum et autres c/ France), d’un centre commercial (affaire Miroslava et Janus Pawlak c/ Pologne) ou encore du clocher d’une église (affaire Schilder c/ Pays-Bas). La Cour de Strasbourg a également eu de nouveau l’occasion de se prononcer sur certaines problématiques liées aux animaux, qu’il s’agisse de les défendre (affaires Peta Deutschland c/ Allemagne et Animal Defenders International c/ Royaume-Uni) ou à l’opposé de les chasser (affaires Chabauty c/ France et Chain-Millet et autres c/ France). Enfin, dans des contentieux a priori

banaux, relatifs à une source d’eau minérale (affaire Arsovski c/ Ex-République de Macédoine) ou au tracé d’une route nationale (affaire Locher et autres c/ Suisse), la prudence de la Cour a laissé place à une certaine audace, qui méritait tout particulièrement d’être saluée.
Dopant-stimulated growth of GaN nanotube-like nanostructures on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Bolshakov Alexey D , Mozharov Alexey M , Sapunov Georgiy A , Shtrom Igor V , Sibirev Nickolay V , Fedorov Vladimir V , Ubyivovk Evgeniy V , Tchernycheva Maria , Cirlin George E , Mukhin Ivan S
Published: January 2018

In this paper we study growth of quasi-one-dimensional GaN nanowires (NWs) and nanotube (NT)-like nanostructures on Si(111) substrates covered with a thin AlN layer grown by means of plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. In the first part of our study we investigate the influence of the growth parameters on the geometrical properties of the GaN NW arrays. First, we find that the annealing procedure carried out prior to deposition of the AlN buffer affects the elongation rate and the surface density of the wires. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the NW elongation rate and the surface density drastically depend on the substrate growth temperature, where 800 °C corresponds to the maximum elongation rate of the NWs. In the second part of the study, we introduce a new dopant-stimulated method for GaN nanotube-like nanostructure synthesis using a high-intensity Si flux. Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphological features of the GaN nanostructures. The synthesized structures have a hexagonal cross-section and possess high crystal quality. We propose a theoretical model of the novel nanostructure formation which includes the role of the dopant Si. Some of the Si-doped samples were studied with the photoluminescence (PL) technique. The analysis of the PL spectra shows that the highest value of donor concentration in the nanostructures exceeds 5∙1019 cm−3.
Electrical properties of a liquid crystal dispersed in an electrospun cellulose acetate network
Authors: Maximean Doina Manaila , Danila Octavian , Almeida Pedro L , Ganea Constantin Paul
Published: January 2018

Electro-optical devices that work in a similar fashion as PDLCs (polymer-dispersed liquid crystals), produced from cellulose acetate (CA) electrospun fibers deposited onto indium tin oxide coated glass and a nematic liquid crystal (E7), were studied. CA and the CA/liquid crystal composite were characterized by multiple investigation techniques, such as polarized optical microscopy, dielectric spectroscopy and impedance measurements. Dielectric constant and electric energy loss were studied as a function of frequency and temperature. The activation energy was evaluated and the relaxation time was obtained by fitting the spectra of the dielectric loss with the Havriliak–Negami functions. To determine the electrical characteristics of the studied samples, impedance measurements results were treated using the Cole–Cole diagram and the three-element equivalent model.
Gram-scale preparation of negative-type liquid crystals with a CF2CF2-carbocycle unit via an improved short-step synthetic protocol
Authors: Kumon Tatsuya , Hashishita Shohei , Kida Takumi , Yamada Shigeyuki , Ishihara Takashi , Konno Tsutomu
Published: January 2018

Herein, we demonstrate an improved short-step protocol for the synthesis of multicyclic molecules having a CF2CF2-containing cyclohexadiene or cyclohexane framework in a mesogenic structure. These molecules are promising candidates for vertical alignment (VA)-mode liquid crystal (LC) display devices owing to their large negative dielectric constant. The tetrafluorinated multicyclic molecules were successfully obtained in only five or six reaction steps without the need for special handling techniques, as is generally required for thermally unstable organometallic species, representing a reduction of three reaction steps. The improved short-step synthetic protocol was also amenable to the multigram preparation of these promising molecules, which may contribute significantly to the development of novel negative-type LC molecules containing CF2CF2 carbocycles.
The Glitches and Rotational History of the Highly Energetic Young Pulsar PSR J0537–6910
Authors: Ferdman R. D. , Archibald R. F. , Gourgouliatos K. N. , Kaspi V. M.
Published: January 2018

We present a timing and glitch analysis of the young X-ray pulsar PSR J0537−6910, located within the Large Magellanic Cloud, using 13 yr of data from the now-decommissioned Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. Rotating with a spin period of 16 ms, PSR J0537−6910 is the fastest-spinning and most energetic young pulsar known. It also displays the highest glitch activity of any known pulsar. We have found 42 glitches over the data span, corresponding to a glitch rate of 3.2 yr−1, with an overall glitch activity rate of

. The high glitch frequency has allowed us to study the glitch behavior in ways that are inaccessible in other pulsars. We observe a strong linear correlation between spin frequency glitch magnitude and wait time to the following glitch. We also find that the post-glitch spin-down recovery is well described by a single two-component model fit to all glitches for which we have adequate input data. This consists of an exponential amplitude

, decay timescale

s, and linear slope

. The latter slope corresponds to a second frequency derivative

, from which we find an implied braking index

. We also present a maximum likelihood technique for searching for periods in event-time data, which we used to both confirm previously published values and determine rotation frequencies in later observations. We discuss the implied constraints on glitch models from the observed behavior of this system, which we argue cannot be fully explained in the context of existing theories.
Epidemiology and Medication Pattern Change of Psoriatic Diseases in Taiwan from 2000 to 2013: A Nationwide, Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Wei James Cheng-Chung , Shi Lin-Hong , Huang Jing-Yang , Wu Xue-Fen , Wu Rui , Chiou Jeng-Yuan
Published: January 2018

Objective.

To analyze the trend of prevalence and incidence rates for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and psoriasis in Taiwan, and to determine the changes in medication patterns.

Methods.

Data were collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, which covered at least 95% of the population from 2000 to 2013. International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition (ICD-9) was used to identify PsA (ICD-9 696.0) and other psoriasis (ICD-9 696.1). Medications were identified by Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification code. We calculated the annual age standardized prevalence and incidence rate of PsA and psoriasis in individuals aged ≥ 16 years from 2000 to 2013, and used the Poisson regression to test the trends by Wald chi-square statistic.

Results.

The prevalence (per 100,000 population) of psoriatic diseases between 2000 and 2013 increased from 11.12 to 37.75 for PsA, and from 179.2 to 281.5 for psoriasis. The incidence (per 100,000 person-yrs) increased from 3.64 to 6.91 in PsA, while there was no significant change in psoriasis. Prevalence and incidence in PsA were more rapidly increased than in psoriasis. Sex ratio (men to women) of PsA decreased from 2.0 to 1.5 in 2000 and 2013, respectively. There was an increase in the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD), especially biologics, which is significantly different from topical therapies.

Conclusion.

The prevalence and incidence rates of psoriatic disease, especially PsA, were increasing in Taiwan. The medication pattern showed an increase in DMARD and biologics, while use of topical therapies decreased.
The Influence of Different Fibres Ratio in the Cementitious Composite on Ballistic Resistance
Authors: Fornůsek Jindřich , Mára Michal , Lovichová Romana
Published: January 2018

The aim of this work was to determine the resistance of cementitious composite to extreme load due to the different content of steel fibres. Extreme load was caused by the impact of the projectile. Resistance was evaluated on the basis of experimental research, where local damage was investigated on samples of ultrahigh performance concrete with a dispersed steel fibre reinforcement caused by a projectile impact. The projectiles were deformable and non-deformable with a calibre of 7.62x39 and 5.56x45 mm. The projectiles in the experiment hit the centre of the sample, or to specify the classification to the left or right side of the sample. The recording of the results served to evaluate the resistance of the individual samples to the local damage. The output of this paper is to find the optimal amount of fibre in ultra-high quality concrete with respect to its ballistic resistance.
Porous Structure and Hygric Properties of Concrete for Radioactive Waste Repositories
Authors: Čáchová Monika , Koťátková Jaroslava , Doleželová Magdaléna , Vejmelková Eva , Konvalinka Petr , Černý Robert
Published: January 2018

The paper presents the evaluation of the influence of supplementary materials on the porous structure and hygric properties of concrete for waste repositories. The used supplementary materials were natural zeolite, brick dust and metashale. Studied parameters were basic physical properties, distribution curves of pores obtained by mercury intrusion porosimetry and water absorption coefficient. Obtained results revealed worse behaviour of natural zeolite compared to brick dust and metashale, as there was significant rise in open porosities when higher amount of the material was added as well as rise in absorption coefficient.
Aggregate Segregation of Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Authors: Ženíšek Michal , Vlach Tomáš , Laiblová Lenka
Published: January 2018

This article deals with the aggregate segregation of ultra-high performance concrete. The main objective of this research was to determine which aspects of the design most affect segregation. It was studied the change of grading curve, water/powder ratio and consistency. Quartz sand with approximately rounded grains and maximum aggregate size up to 4 mm was used for the production of specimens. Segregation was evaluated after cutting the hardened concrete specimens according to the drop of grains of aggregate. The results show that segregation is by the far most affected by the consistency of concrete. Change of the grading curve or change the water/powder ratio has had no or little influence on segregation.
Minimum-Weight Truss Reinforcement of a Composite Beam to Increase the Free-Vibrations Fundamental Eigenfrequency
Authors: Tyburec Marek , Zeman Jan , Lepš Matěj , Somr Michael , Plachy Tomáš , Poul Robin , Novák Jan
Published: January 2018

In this contribution, we design a minimum-weight truss reinforcement of a thin-walled composite beam, such that the fundamental free-vibrations eigenfrequency of the beam is increased to a specific value. The reinforcement structure is designed using techniques of topology optimization and produced using additive manufacturing, in order to achieve economical design and minimize manual interventions in the fabrication process. Finally, an experimental validation of theoretical outcomes is performed on an additively manufactured prototype.
Evaluation of Fine Aggregate Surface and Fracture Surface by Confocal Microscope
Authors: Krejsová Jitka , Doleželová Magdaléna , Vimmrová Alena
Published: January 2018

The gypsum mortars with different types of aggregate were studied. The surface roughness of fine aggregates and the fracture surface roughness were evaluated by a confocal laser scanning microscopy. Four gypsum mortars and one gypsum paste were tested. The results from the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) are compared with the pictures of grain surface taken by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and both methods seem to be appropriate for surface evaluation. The influence of the surface aggregate roughness on some gypsum mortar properties is demonstrated.
Nanomechanical Performance of Interfacial Transition Zone in Fiber Reinforced Cement Matrix
Authors: Zacharda Vojtěch , Štemberk Petr , Němeček Jiří
Published: January 2018

This paper shows a micromechanical study of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) around steel fiber in cement paste. It investigates microstructure and mechanical performance of the ITZ by a combination of nanoindentation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The investigated specimens were made from cement CEM I 42.5R paste with dispersed reinforcement in the form of steel fiber TriTreg 50 mm. The SEM demonstrated larger porosity and smaller portion of clinkers in the ITZ. Nanoindentation delivered values of elastic modulus, hardness and creep parameters around the fiber. An average value of elastic modulus in ITZ was at the level of 67% in comparison with cement bulk and the width of ITZ was about 40 µm. The value of hardness was found to be 60% of the average hardness of the bulk cement paste. The measured load-displacement curves were used for calculation of creep indentation parameter (CIT) and the creep compliance function. An average value of the creep compliance in the ITZ was found to be two times higher than in the cement bulk.
Quality Control of the Concrete of the Supporting Structure of Bridge Reg. No. 333-003 over the Elbe in Přelouč
Authors: Rehacek Stanislav , Citek David , Kolisko Jiří
Published: January 2018

This paper is introducing results of diagnostic survey of bridge reg. No. 333-003 over the Elbe in Přelouč [1], which included an evaluation of the previous reconstruction carried out in the 1990s [2, 3] and the quality control of the concrete used in the construction after more than 90 years of operation. Visual inspection, comparison of depth of concrete carbonation and thickness of top layer of reinforcement concrete and concrete compression strength are presented in this paper. This paper come into existence with cooperation with the state-funded organization Road Administration and Maintenance of the Pardubice Region.
Electrical Properties of Steel Fibre Reinforced Alkali-Activated Slag Composite
Authors: Rovnaník Pavel , Kusák Ivo
Published: January 2018

Alkali-activated slag is an alternative binder to the ordinary Portland cement. In order to improve its tensile properties steel fibres as dispersed reinforcement can be used. Since steel is very good conductor it changes the electrical properties of alkali-activated slag composite that can have a potential to be used as self-sensing material then. In this study up to 20% of steel fibres by mass of the slag was added to alkali-activated slag mortar and the mechanical properties, electrical resistance, capacitance and microstructure of the composites were investigated. The results showed that the best improvement of both the mechanical and electrical properties can be observed for the composite with 15% of steel fibres.
Influence of Ambient Temperature on Course of Cement Stone Solidification
Authors: Fridrichová Marcela , Gazdič Dominik , Dvořák Karel
Published: January 2018

The aim of the work was to investigate the influence of extremely low and high temperature on the course of hydration of cement stone compared to the reference sample hydrated at normal conditions. The work was structured in such a way that Portland cement was first subjected to standard technological tests. Next, sets of test prisms using cement paste were prepared. This samples were immediately exposed to saturated water vapor in three temperature environments: 5 °C, 20 °C and 80 °C. The course of the hydration process during the first 28 days was monitored by the determination of the phase composition by XRD analysis and thermal analysis, and mediated by means of determination of tensile strength after bending and compressive strength. The low temperature did not have a negative effect on the final properties of the hardened cement stone. On the other hand, high temperature accelerated the initial phase of the hydration process, but negatively affected the resulting mechanical parameters
Microstructure and Pore Systems Development of Ternary Gypsum-Based Mortars
Authors: Doleželová Magdaléna , Krejsová Jitka , Scheinherrová Lenka , Svora Petr , Vimmrová Alena
Published: January 2018

Paper deals with ternary gypsum-based mortars with higher resistance against water, prepared from gypsum, hydrated lime, several pozzolans (crushed ceramic, silica fume, granulated blast slag) and sand. The samples were stored in the water and the pore systems development in time was studied by mercury intrusion porosimetry. The change of pore structure in samples with pozzolans were observed, the size of pores shifted to the smaller pores during tested period. The elementary composition and microstructure of all materials were also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Chloride Resistance of Nanoparticle Repaired Concrete Measured by Accelerated Tests
Authors: Šulc Rostislav , Himmel Michal , Němeček Jiří
Published: January 2018

This paper describes results of experimental investigation of chloride ion penetration in concrete. Chloride concentration have been studied in accelerated conditions. Part of concrete samples were treated with colloidal nanosilica solution to increase their resistance to further chloride penetration. Measurement of chloride profiles was performed and compared on samples subjected to accelerated electrical migration tests lasting for a few days. The chloride ion profile in samples was determined in layers of 5 mm thickness up to a total profile thickness of 45 mm. The developed chloride concentrations reached values found after several years of exposure in natural conditions. It was found that the resistance to chloride penetration is substantially improved by nanosilica injection and the resistance to chloride penetration is increased by 60%.
Micro Electro Discharge Machining of Non-Conductive Ceramic
Authors: Ali Mohammad Yeakub , Maleque Md Abdul , Banu Asfana , Sabur Abdus , Debnath Sujan
Published: January 2018

Electro discharge machining (EDM) as a die sinking process has taken off in 1943. Since then it was known as a non-conventional machining process and its application was limited for processing only electrically conductive materials. Later on, due to the widespread applications, this EDM process is considered conventional as usual. However, in the recent years EDM has gone through considerable changes especially with dielectric fluids, simple to complex geometry, meso to micro sized structures, nanometric surface finish, and so on. In addition, the application of EDM has also been extended for processing electrically semi-conductive and non-conductive materials like ceramics and composites. This paper discussed micro electro discharge machining of non-conductive ceramic materials. It includes detail process development, modelling of material removal rate and surface finish which include the effect of multi spark and random spalling conditions.
Microstructure Analysis of Laser Bonding Welding on Steel-Aluminum
Authors: Xu Kai , Zhang Shu Quan
Published: January 2018

Laser bonding welding test of the lap joint between steel and Al was conducted. The microstructure analysis is carried out by means of metallographic microscope, which provides an important theoretical and experimental basis for the popularization and application of laser welding of steel / aluminum dissimilar metal structures. The results showed that under the conditions of 1650W laser power, 35m/s welding speed, +3mm defocus amount and 25L/min flow rate of Ar as the protective gas, there are no cracks, pores and inclusions in the weld zone. The fusion line is smooth and smooth. Under the conditions of 1650W laser power, 38m/s welding speed, +3mm defocus amount and 25L/min flow rate of Ar as the protective gas, the overall appearance of the weld zone of the laser welding joint, there are serious cracks, pores and other defects in the weld area. In the P=1680W, V=35mm/s, f=+1mm, q=20L/min, the crystal structure appeared, in the process of cooling, the crack expands and forms a radial shape under the action of internal stress.
Improving the Longevity of the Propellers by the TiNiCo-B4C-Co Intelligent Surface Compositions Operating at Low Temperatures
Authors: Rusinov Peter Olegovich , Blednova Zhesfina Michailovna
Published: January 2018

In the paper we studied surface layered compositions "steel-TiNiCo-B4C-Co" with the use of materials with shape memory effect for rotor-screw propellers operating in Arctic conditions. We carried out the analysis of technological modes of surface modification, studied structural parameters of TiNiCo-B4C-Co composition. We demonstrated the functional-mechanical properties of the "steel-TiNiCo-B4C-Co" composition with preliminary thermomechanical treatment, which showed an increase in the durability of rotor-screw propellers with TiNiCo-B4C-Co surface composite layers.
The Study on the Effects of Sodium Silicate on Particleboard Made from Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Ng Chan Wah , Yip M.W. , Lai Y.C.
Published: January 2018

Particleboard is an engineered wood product, factory-made from wood particles e.g. sawmill shavings, wood chips and saw dust and they are bonded into a solid board by appropriate binder. The scope of this paper is aimed to study the performance of particleboard made from sugarcane bagasse with the sodium silicate as the binder. The particleboards were produced by hot pressed at 150°C, 170°C and 190°C with the holding times of 20, 25 and 30 minutes respectively, at 10MPa. Different ratios of sodium silicate with reference to the bagasse by weigh i.e. 20%, 15% and 10% were added before the hot press process. The results obtained from the study shown that, the properties of the particleboard produced at the heating temperature of 170°C in 30 minutes with the addition of 20% of sodium silicate was the most promising. The densities, thickness swelling, flexural/bending strength and internal bond of the particleboards were tested based on the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), JIS A 5908:2003.
PEEK Composite Scaffold Preparation for Load Bearing Bone Implants
Authors: Kumar Sivakoti Shyam , Chhibber Rahul , Mehta Rajeev
Published: January 2018

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), a thermoplastic polymer with remarkable mechanical properties apart from being bio-inert and approved by Food and Drug Administration-U S (FDA), is a promising bio-material at load bearing sites such as bone implants. The major challenge in PEEK associated bio composites is its process ability. Several ways have been attempted in past and finally resolved the issue by inkjet binder customized technique and Selective Laser Sintering for PEEK composite. An alternate method is presented in this work with ingenious process ability of PEEK, a polymer replacement for bone Collagen and Hydroxyapatites, the bone reinforcement prepared from egg shells. The alternate way suggested in this work is economically attractive without significant compromise in quality of the composite prepared.