bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship among Fiber Fineness, Moisture Regain and Resistance
Authors: Ren Yong Hua
Published: April 2012

In this paper, the resistance values of five different fineness cotton were tested under different moisture conditions, and the relationship among fiber fineness, moisture regain and its resistance were studied. With the increase of the moisture regain, the mass specific resistance and volume resistance decrease in an exponential trend, and the inflection point of the curve is located at the moisture regain value of 3%. The fiber fineness has little effect on the resistance.
Experimental Study of Thermal Contact Conductance Across Solid/Solid Interface
Authors: Wang Zong Ren , Yang Jun , Chen Yu , Zhang Wei Fang
Published: April 2012

This article describes an experimental setup to measure the TCC between interfaces of two contact solid materials. This apparatus consists of loading and load bearing subsystem, water-cooling subsystem, heating subsystem, temperature measurement and control subsystem and thermal insulation subsystem. A cooling water tank is used to increase the heat flux in axial direction. An experimental investigation of TCC is conducted with pressed pairs of TC4/30CrMnSi contacts in the range 40~140MPa. The results show that TCC over this condition increases with load, and is greater in the process of unloading than that of loading under the same condition.
The Study on Rubber’s Constitutive Model about Parameters Identification and the Effect of Fitting Error
Authors: Wang Wen Tao , Shang Guan Wen Bin
Published: April 2012

Fitting accuracy of hyper-elastic constitutive models of rubber and parameter identification of the models play important roles in the finite element analysis of rubber components. In this paper, to obtain stress-strain characteristics, uniaxial and planar as well as biaxial tension of a standard rubber sample are measured. Model parameters of three kinds of classic constitutive models are identified using least square method. Then, the fitting accuracy among different models is compared. The comparison shows that the fitting accuracy is getting higher when the test material strain is increased. Also, it can be concluded that Mooney-Rivlin model and Van der Waals model as well as third-order Ogden model have relatively stable fitting accuracy.
Design and Implementation Intelligent Car Wiper Based on LIN Bus
Authors: He Hong , Yang Pei Pei , Zhang Zhi Hong , Su Xing
Published: April 2012

Contrary to the problem that the process of rainy car manual manipulation causes much interference to the driver, a design method for intelligent car wiper based on the LIN bus is proposed. It adopts the chips MC9S08DZ60 and MC33661 as the controller from Freescale that dedicated to the automotive electronics field. During its working, with the rain sensor sensing the magnitude of outside rainfall, it can automatically adjust the wiper speed, achieving the intelligent wiper control.
Design of Wireless Intelligent Electronics Card Four-Element Rectangular Micro-Strip Antenna Array
Authors: Yue Zhou
Published: April 2012

Wake-up signal reception sensitivity and the antenna has a close relationship, from the parking lot of the practical needs of communication, as well as the works of Wireless Intelligent Electronics Card System structure requirements, using a quarter-wavelength design four rectangular micro-strip antenna array modules. Wireless intelligent electronic card to participate in the car parks are long-distance communication systems RFID identification system, four modules of rectangular micro-strip antenna array to send wake-up signal is highly directional, and four units of rectangular micro-strip antenna array to send the signal electron can wake up the wireless smart card job, and avoid the region other than the wireless smart card electronic interference.
Electrostatic Attachment of Ferrocene Monolayer to a Gold Electrode for Use as Ascorbic Acid Sensor
Authors: Zhang Su Xia
Published: April 2012

A new ascorbic acid electrochemical sensor was made by electrostatic assembly of ferrocene polymer monolayer on the surface of gold electrode which modified with negatively charged alkanethiol. Cyclic voltammetry and current-time curve were employed to investigate the electrochemical characteristics of the sensor. The ferrocene monolayer modified electrode exhibit excellent electrocatalytic response to the oxidation of ascorbic acid. The anodic overpotential was reduced by about 180 mV compared with that obtained at a bare gold electrode in cyclic voltammetry. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of the sensor response to ascorbic acid was from 0.05 to 1 mM and the detection limit was 2.710-5 M. The sensor possesses simple preparation, fast response and good electrochemical stability.
Noise Reduction for a Given Vehicle Based on Sound Intensity Measurement Method
Authors: Liu Zhi Xin , Shi Yong Wan
Published: April 2012

In this paper the mechanisms of the bottom radiant noise generation of a given mini vehicle was investigated and the corresponding countermeasures were put forward in reducing the noise of a diesel engine. According to the analysis of acoustic signals and vibration signals measurement, an investigation of the noise source identification in a given vehicle was presented. With the sound intensity method, the major sources of the bottom radiation noise of the engine under three operating conditions were surveyed. The research provides the reliable basis for the engineering practice to reduce vehicle noise level.
Study on the Surface Metallization of Aramid Fibers
Authors: Li Long , Hu Xue Yu
Published: April 2012

In this paper, aramid fiber surface metallization was investigated by electroless nickel plating technology. Acid nickel plating and alkaline nickel plating of aramid fiber was compared. Through experiment, it was shown that the temperature of alkaline nickel plating was lower compared with acid nickel plating, and resistance of metalized aramid fibers by alkaline nickel plating was 36.8Ω•cm, and the resistance by acid plating was 51.2Ω•cm. The surface morphology of fibers was observed using SEM
A Study on UCAV Targets Assignment Based on Consensus Uncertain Detecting Information
Authors: Chen Xia , Lu Zhen Yu
Published: April 2012

UCAV targets assignment is a key research topic in UCAV formation mission planning area. As UCAV targets assignment problem under uncertain detecting information, a new method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the UCAV targets assignment problem under uncertain dectection information is described. Then, the mathematical model of UCAV targets assignment under uncertain detecting information is established and UCAV targets assignment with SMAA method based on uncertain detecting information is given after introducing the SMAA method. Finally, simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
A Method of Film Retroreflection Index Calculated by Reflectance Spectrum
Authors: Yang Yong , Zhu Chuan Zheng , Bai Yuan Yuan , Li Wei
Published: April 2012

Retroreflective film are used widely in traffic and municipal field as information carrier, the retroreflection index is considered the most important parameter, test methods of this parameter including absolute and relative method, traditional instruments are consisted of light source, photometric detector, angle adjust device, etc. The complex structure of instrument add the uncertainty component, so reflectance spectrum is used to calculated the film retroreflection index, this method would improve the testament accuracy and provide more light sources choices without structure adjustment.
An Airplane Fuel Measurement System by Using Optic Fiber Sensors
Authors: Yu Chun He , Zhang Chao , Zhang Zhi Xian
Published: April 2012

A new type optic fiber pressure sensor is designed by using the mechanism of optical fiber macro-bend loss, which is used in the airplane fuel measurement system to obtain fuel level and density. The ratio method of pressure is adopted in the airplane fuel measurement system to reduce the influence factors, which include the vertical acceleration of a plane, fuel density, the pressure in the tank, etc. A pressure demodulation circuit of high precision and a data processing algorithm of high reliability are designed for measurement system. The experiment shows that the fuel measurement system has the characters of stability, reliability and high accuracy.
Design of Subway Intelligent Environment Monitoring System Based on ZigBee
Authors: Jia Bei , Liu Zhan Min , Wei Jian Yu
Published: April 2012

We designed a subway intelligent environment monitoring system based on ZigBee. The system makes use of the wireless sensor networks to achieve real-time monitoring to the subway environment.
Parameter Measurement and Analysis System of Multi-Phase Electric Machine Using Labview-Based Virtual Instrument
Authors: Rang Yu Qi , Wu Qiang , Meng Guang Wei , Yang Zhan Qing
Published: April 2012

This paper introduces an automatic parameter measurement and analysis system of multi-phase electric machines based on Labview, presents the system hardware configuration, designs the various measuring and analysis modules, discusses the algorithm including automatic measurement, data analysis and report generation and implements the multi-channel and high-performance parallel data acquisition. Compared with the old methods, it has many advantages such as more flexible software application, higher measuring accuracy and simpler hardware configuration.
The Standardization of Industrial Meters and its Implementation
Authors: Zhang Jian Ping , Lu Jia
Published: April 2012

On the basis of analyzing the present situation and existing problems of industrial meters, this paper puts forward a novel conception of standardize industrial meters, and presents a feasible scheme to realize the standardization.
Study on Mine Railway Intelligent Transportation Digital System Design
Authors: Li Zhao Yun , Wang Xi Fu
Published: April 2012

According to the development of domestic and foreign Intelligent Railway, we integrate the needs of the mine railway system users, analyze internal data flow of the system, combine with the integration of the basic ideas and methodology, and use the model theory approach of model theory and system integration model. And then, we put forward mine railway intelligent transport digitizing systems integration model and design the overall framework of the mine railway intelligent transportation digitizing system
Design of Riveting Deformation Detective Element Based on Displacement Sensor
Authors: Xu Ying , Wang Liang , Zhao Yu
Published: April 2012

Rivet joint is a widely used connection mode in the aircraft assembly. The size of rivet deformation affect the quality of connection directly. This article design a riveting deformation detection element based on the displacement sensor. It can achieve the accurate measurement of pier diameter and height of the rivet. With adjustable measuring tool and data acquisition element, computer displays measurement measurement results, accomplishing the riveting quality testing.
Research on Control Chart Limits of Angle
Authors: Zheng Yu , Zhang Juan , Wang A Ni
Published: April 2012

This paper is an attempt to apply the concept of regular control chart to control chart of angle. The control limits of angle, such as the center control limit (CL), upper control limit (UCL), lower control limit (LCL) and the warning limits can be obtained by von Mises distributions of the directional statistics. Further more, the concept of warning limits of regular control chart can be applied to control chart of angle.
Simulation and Analysis of the Radiated Acoustic Field Measurement of the Underwater Vehicle Based on NAH
Authors: Ding Shao Chun , Zhou Lin Na , Lou Jing Jun , Zhu Shi Jian
Published: April 2012

we use the NAH method for the simulation and analysis of sound power level and source level with the plan measuring surface under the same distance and size. The sound intensity integral method, the mean square sound pressure method and the NAH reversal method have been adopted in this paper. We also compare the sound power level between the plan measuring surface and the cylinder measuring surface, thus helps verifying the accuracy of the measurement of the radiated acoustic field based on the method of NAH. The conclusion we have drawn here can also provides dependable experimental basis for the choosing of measuring surfaces
Research of Implementation Method for Ramp Simulation of Rail Vehicle
Authors: Wang Xiu Gang , Su Jian , Li Xuan Bin , Cao Xiao Ning , Liu Hong Tao
Published: April 2012

Track irregularity is the main disturbance of vibration of wheel-rail system. Combined with the structure of the ramp simulator and the feature of longitudinal ramp, this paper completed the simulation of vehicle longitudinal ramp, and constructed he model of coordinative relations for the slope simulation. Based on the method space transformation of homogeneous coordinate and the expression of space vector of the 21 actuators, three models of inverse displacement analysis of the 6-Dof simulation platform were built. It also implemented the real-time solution by means of simulink, which provided parameters reference for the control of 6-Dof loading platform, and was of important theoretical value and realistic significance.
Anti-Counterfeiting Jingdezhen Ceramic Decal Manufacturing Technique Based on Digital Watermarking Method
Authors: Wang Jun Xiang , Fu Li
Published: April 2012

The traditional digital watermarking, as a copyright protection technique, has been widely applied for the multimedia information, such as text, picture, video, etc. In this paper, a new scheme is planned to embed watermark into the porcelain decal for describing the property declaration of Jingdezhen ceramics. Since the images on Jingdezhen ceramic are manually created, it cannot be regularly modulated by the watermark during the watermark embedding process. Therefore, the digital watermarking technique cannot be directly applied to the ceramics. This paper presents a specially designed digital watermarking system for the protection of the ceramic property. The results from the experiment show that our proposed algorithm achieves the purpose.
The Wearability Test and Comprehensive Evaluation of Knitted Fabric Made of Luminous Fiber
Authors: Gao Xue Ni , Meng Jia Guang , Yu Jing Chao
Published: April 2012

The article briefly introduced the wearing characteristic and the test method of luminous fiber knitted fabrics, like comfortableness, fastness, and the luminous property. Finally use the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to analyze and estimate the wearing characteristic of luminous fiber knitted fabric. And then reach a kind of stitch with the optimum wearing characteristic.
Case Study for Test Tool of Chloride in Swimming Pool with Method of Effective Evaluation of Multiprocess Performance Analysis
Authors: Ou W. S. , Hu S. T. , Chang Y. S. , Zhao Y. K.
Published: April 2012

Human exposure to chloride ions in swimming pools has been recognized as a potential health concern. Although environmental monitoring is a useful technique to investigate chloride ions concentrations in indoor swimming-pool air, in practice, the interpretations of measured data would inevitably run into difficulties due to the complex interactions among the numerous variables, including environmental conditions and occupant activities. Consequently, the examination of chloride ions within swimming pool becomes an important test item for water quality control procedure. To effectively check the concentration of chloride ions in swimming pool, the evaluation process with an evaluation algorithm, indices of precision degree ( ), accuracy degree ( ) and the objective evaluation method with capability and concept of six sigma, proposed by Sung and Vännman are quoted in this paper to criticize examination tools for water quality in swimming pool. To ensure whether the evaluation method to measure chloride ion concentration in swimming pool holds precision, accuracy degrees and application functionality or not. The analysis results reveal that this method is suitable for examining the evaluation tool of chloride ions within swimming pool.
Compression Failure Analysis of Adhesively Stiffened Composite Panels
Authors: Zhang Chun Lan , Jia Pu Rong , Li Liang , Jiao Gui Qiong
Published: April 2012

Experimental and numerical investigations of adhesively stiffened composite panels were performed to discuss the load-carrying capacity of different design at stiffener run-out. The compression experiment revealed that the failure was initiated at the edge of the run-out and propagated across the skin-stiffener interface. A fracture mechanical approach to utilize cohesive finite element was adopted in the numerical analysis of these specimens. It was shown that the finite element analysis using solid element and cohesive element was able to qualitatively predict the crack growth characteristics for each specimen
Microstructure and Properties of Cast Iron Using Chromizing Process
Authors: Zhang Guo Dong , Cao Hong Mei , Xu Jin Fei
Published: April 2012

Cast iron was chromized by solid powder method at 1000°C. Micro-morphology and microstructure of chromized alloy layer and cast iron matrix were analyzed, their hardness, elements distribution and corrosion resistance were studied in depth. The analysis results revealed that the chromized carbide-chromium layer grew well on cast iron surface, which was smooth and free from macroscopic defect. Campared with the hardness of original cast iron matrix, the hardness of the chromized alloy layer has been improved by 3.5 times, which was as high as 918.8 HV. And the corrosion resistance of the chromized alloy layer has been greatly improved. The relative corrosion rate of the original cast iron matrix was 2.2 times that of the chromized alloy layer according to their polarization curves.
Fracture Mechanics Study on Porosity Zirnocia/hydroxyapatite Coating Obtained through Microarc Oxidation on Medical Titanium Alloy Surface
Authors: Wang Feng Biao , Yu Jie , Di Shi Chun
Published: April 2012

In electrolytes TiO2-based complex ceramic coatings containing Ca and P on titanium alloy were ultimately formed containing zirconia/hydroxyapatite by Micro-arc oxidation process. As well as the biomechanics measure experiment of speciments had been done, and the datas were analysised and researched. In addition, the toughening mechanism of reinforced coating was studied in detail, and consists of the second phase toughening, phase transformation toughening and microcrack toughening.The results show that the zirconia /hydroxyapatite coating has advanced biomechanics propertys compared to the individual hydroxyapatite one.
Effects of pH on Properties of Soy Protein Isolate/Guar Gum Composite Films
Authors: Sui Chun Xia , Jiang Lian Zhou , Yu Guo Ping
Published: April 2012

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of pH(7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0) on the properties of soy protein isolate (SPI)/guar gum (GG)composite films casted with 0.2 %(w/v)guar gum polysaccharide, 5.0 %(w/v)SPI, 1.5 %(w/v)glycerol plasticizer, and 4:1(v/v) mixture of distilled water and anhydrous alcohol. Composite membranes from different pH conditions were evaluated from following aspects: tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB), water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility (WS) and surface hydrophobicity(SH)
Structures, Stabilites and Electronic Properties of Phenyl Silsesquioxanes Si2nO3nPh2n (n=1-5): A DFT Study
Authors: Yu Shu Yuan , Chen Ze Min , Zhang Cheng Gen , Ma Yu Fang
Published: April 2012

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to investigate the structures of phenyl silsesquioxanes Si2nO3nPh2n (n=1-5). Our study focuses on the structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of the phenyl silsesquioxanes. The large HOMO–LUMO gaps, which range from 5.14 to 6.30 eV, imply optimal electronic structures for these molecules. The energy differences between the possible conformers of same size phenyl silsesquioxanes are small.
Morphology and Phases of Ni-S Powders Synthesized by Chemical Route
Authors: Ma Zhong Quan , Liu Ke Gao
Published: April 2012

The nickel sulfides of NiS and NiS2 have been synthesized successfully at 180 °C and 160 °C by hydrothermal method from NiCl2•6H2O, S powder and NaOH. The phases and morphology of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively. Experimental results show that, the major phase of the powder product obtained at 180 °C is NiS2. The Ni-S powder obtained at 180 °C shows granular and hexagonal shapes with sizes of about 200~300 nm. The product powder obtained at 160 °C has the major phase NiS and minor phase NiS2. The morphology of this product was regular hexagonal flakes with side-length 200nm.
Influence of Surface Properties on the Viscosity of Titanium Dioxide Slurry
Authors: Luo Zhi Qiang , Du Jian Qiao
Published: April 2012

The influence of surface properties, including fineness, total pore volume, specific surface area and zeta potential on viscosity of TiO2 slurry were studied. The viscosity and these surface properties of TiO2 samples were respectively measured by viscometer, standard sieve, specific surface area analyzer, particle size analyzer. The results show that with increase of fineness and absolute value of zeta potential, the viscosity of TiO2 slurry decrease gradually, but with increase of total pore volume and specific surface area, the viscosity of TiO2 slurry also increase. The suitable conditions in low viscosity of TiO2 slurry are as follows: fineness and absolute value of zeta potential is respectively greater than 0.1%, 70mV; total pore volume and specific surface area is respectively less than 0.05cc/g, 7.5m2/g
Application of RFID System in Manufacturing Production Control
Authors: Tan Hui
Published: April 2012

Aimed at the characteristic of manufacturing, it analyses application demands of RFID technology in manufacturing production, expatiates the operational principles of applying RFID technology in the manufacture industry to improve production efficiency in details. Through integrated application, which based on RFID technology, network technology and wireless communication technology, a structure of RFID application system, facing the management of production has been established for enterprises. Functional modules of the application system have been described according to the design requirements.
Deposition of Transparent AlN Thin Film on SiALON Substrate by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Shan Ying Chun , Zhu Feng , Guan Chun Long , Xu Jiu Jun , Wang Liang , Han Xiao Guang
Published: April 2012

Aluminum nitride thin film has been deposited on transparent SiAlON substrate by reactive magnetron sputtering. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy patterns and raman spectra were used to analysis the phase composition of the thin film, and the surface morphology of the thin film was observed by atomic force microscope, which reveal that AlN thin film with smooth surface and columniform microstructure was formed. The fourier transform infrared spectral of the SiAlON substrate and SiAlON/AlN composition structure indicate that the AlN thin film has high transmittance above 99%, it is to say that the AlN thin film is transparent, and it nearly have no affect on the infrared transmittance of the SiAlON substrate.
Investigation on Al-Al2O3-MgO·Al2O3 Composites Refractory Performance for RH Degasser
Authors: Gao Yuan , Li Yong , Ma Guo Dong , Hong Shan Shan , Liu Ya Qin , Zhang Jun Jie , Qian Zhi Ming , Huang Jing Heng
Published: April 2012

The unfired Al-Al2O3-MgO﹒Al2O3 bricks were prepared with white fused corundum, fused spinel power and metallic aluminum powder. Effects of metallic aluminum powder content (mass%=0, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%respectively) on normal temperature physical properties and microstructure were investigated. The result revealed that by adding aluminum powder the sample showed the characteristics of “plastic molding”. New nonmetallic reinforcing phase was generated at high temperature. It could help to improve the performance at both normal temperature and high temperature.
Effect of some Key Factors on the Strength of Recycled Concrete
Authors: Zhang Xue Bing , Fang Zhi
Published: April 2012

Because there exists a used cement mortar layer outside the recycled aggregate, there are more interfaces inside recycled concrete, which would result in recycled concrete has different properties from ordinary concrete. In this paper, the effect of such key factors for recycled concrete mix ratio as water-cement ratio, cement strength, sand rate, maximum granule diameter and gradation on the properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate was studied by experiment, and the some useful suggestion for mix ratio of recycled concrete was provided.
Research of Friction and Wear Performance of Large Truck’s Brake Drum
Authors: Wang Wen Yan , Lu Gao , Xie Jing Pei , Wang Jia Xi
Published: April 2012

In this research, different frictions were settled to study the wear resistance of HT250, RuT15, RuT75 and QT500 according to the wear failure situation in automobile brake drum. And the relationship between wear mechanism, microstructure and mechanical properties were discussed. It can be seen from the friction and wear experiment that, under different friction and wear conditions, both of RuT35 and QT500 have the best wear resistance property while HT250 has the worst wear resistance property. With the increase of lord, the brake torque and friction coefficient of RuT35 stays unchangeable, showing well brake ability. With the increase of lord, the brake ability of HT250 was getting better, while QT500 showing the opposite. SEM was used to analyze the wear morphology, the results show that: the abrasive wear and adhesion wear are presented mainly. HT250 has a bad surface quality while QT500 and RuT15 have a bad surface quality. Generally speaking, RuT15 is the best material to made brake drum, in the consideration of were resistance and braking stability.
The Research on Modeling of Agile Manufacturing Cell
Authors: Wang Hong , Men Xiao Shuang
Published: April 2012

According to the characteristic of agile manufacturing cell, a modeling method based on multi-agent is proposed. It strengthens rules on the basis of oriented-object method. An agent method of agile manufacturing cell management and control system is established.
Robot Kinematics and Dynamics Analysis Based on Virtual Prototyping Technology
Authors: Wang Zhi Ming , Zhou Xuan
Published: April 2012

Virtual prototyping is a new technology with the rapid development of computer technology. This paper put forward a systematic kinematics and dynamics analysis method based on virtual prototyping technology to simulate multi-body dynamics of robot arm. After the design requirements were introduced, the conceptual design of robot arm was then proposed, and the kinematics and dynamics analysis method was present with the simulation results. The kinematics and dynamics analysis of a robot arm was given as an example, which demonstrates that this method is obviously helpful for product design
The Design of Impact Resistance of Missile Recorder Protective Shell
Authors: Ma Xi Hong , Li Chang Long , Liu Jun , Sun Tao
Published: April 2012

The instability of the testing equipment protective shell is one of the importance issues in the design of testing equipment. In order to analyze the protective shell to external shocks instability problem, the shell instability of empirical formula was used to calculate the critical buckling load and the linear buckling was analysed to compare the simulation results with theoretical values and the error in control range by using finite element method.The calculations show that the finite element method for buckling analysis to provide guidance for the design is feasible.
The Finite Element Analysis of Static Strength of Workover Derrick by Truck
Authors: Liu Zhi , Yao Ke , Wu Di , Li Dong , Fu Jiu Yan , Wu Jin Xia
Published: April 2012

Conventionally, the influence of guy wire and wind load on derrick was often ignored in the static strength analysis of derrick of truck-mounted workover rig, it does not accord with the actual working conditions. This paper made the finite element analysis for one derrick of Truck-mounted workover rig through ABAQUS software. The author derive the maximum static hock load which derrick can bear, and reasonably shorten projective radius of guy wire, under different static hock load and wind load, determining the weakest position of derrick. Truck-mounted workover rigs are widely used in the filed of workover and drilling operation, due to their characteristic of power maneuverability and convenient to use. Derrick is the mainly working part of workover rig, as well as the weak links of workover. In order to guarantee relatively high security performance, we should accurately make simulated calculation for carrying capacity of derrick in the process of designing. The author derive the maximum static hock load which derrick can bear, and reasonably shorten projective radius of guy wire, by using the ABAQUS FEM system, apply for statics analysis of derrick under different static hock load and wind load.
Preparation and Characterization of Superionic Conductive Li2O-Al2O3-La2O3-TiO2-P2O5 Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Chen Hong Ping , Tao Hai Zheng , Wu Qi De , Zhao Xiu Jian
Published: April 2012

Li2O-Al2O3(La2O3)-TiO2-P2O5 glass-ceramics were fabricated through heat-treatment of the original glass. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical workstation were employed to study the structural, morphology and electrical properties of the samples heat-treated at different temperatures. The results showed that: the glass-ceramics consist of the dominating LiTi2(PO4)3 phases, trifle AlPO4, TiO2 and unknown phases. With the heat-treatment temperature increasing from 700 °C to 1100 °C, the structure of glass-ceramic become denser and grain grew, lithium ion conductivity increased quickly and subsequent cut down gradually. While the specimen was obtained by crystallization at 900 °C for 12 h, the total conductivity of glass-ceramic material come up to the maximum (5.85 ×10-4 S•cm-1) at 25 °C. This inorganic solid electrolyte has a potential application in lithium batteries or other devices.
Study on the Volatility of Organic Contaminated Soil from Tar Workshop
Authors: Wang Hui , Mao Qian Jin , Cui Su Ping , Zhang Liang Jing , Lan Ming Zhang
Published: April 2012

The pollution soil from tar workshop’s foundation soil in a steel work, first of all, the main organic pollutants in pollution soil are examined by the Pony Test Center. Then, the volatility of the pollution soil at different temperature was studied by thermo gravimetric (TG) analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). At last, by adding standard reagents of PAHs respectively, their volatility of different temperature period was confirmed. The results indicated that the main organic pollutants in the contaminated soil were fluorene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and so on, the total content is about 156.39ppm. the weight loss of pollution soil mainly occurred at the temperature ranges of room temperature to 215°C, 215~670°C and 670°C~850°C. There were H2O and CO2 coupled with the weight loss. When temperature increased further up to and above 850°C, the weight tended to be stable. The volatilization of PAHs is mainly in the section of 215~670°C, and their fastest volatilized temperatures in pollution soil were lower about 30°C than their respective boiling points.
The Effect of Cold Rolling Reduction on Shear Band and Texture Formation in Fe-3%Si Alloy
Authors: Murakami Kenichi , Morishige N. , Ushioda Kohsaku
Published: April 2012

The effect of cold rolling reduction on shear band formation and crystal orientation within shear bands and annealing texture were investigated in Fe-3%Si {111}<112> single crystals. Several types of shear bands were observed with different angles to rolling direction, dependent on rolling reduction. As for shear band formation, those with smaller angles were formed earlier and those with larger angles were formed later. Regarding crystal orientation along shear bands after rolling reduction, orientation distribution from the initial became large in accordance with reduction and even exceeded Goss orientation when rolling reduction became larger than 40%. After annealing, however, recrystallized grains along shear bands were mainly Goss grains regardless of reduction. The speculated reason for the dominance of Goss after annealing is that Goss subgrains with less density of dislocations were surrounded by largely deformed areas.
Texture and Microstructure Evolution during Cold Rolling of Cu-Fe Laminates Prepared by Accumulative Roll Bonding
Authors: Suwas Satyam , Suresh K.S. , Rollett A.D.
Published: April 2012

Multi-layered materials have been made from Cu-Fe with approximately equal volume fractions using the Accumulated Roll Bonding (ARB) technique with less than 1 μm thickness of the individual layers. The so-obtained multi-layers have been subjected to deformation by cold rolling to 25, 50, 75, 87 and 93% reduction in thickness. A detailed characterization has been carried out using X-ray diffraction (line profile analysis and texture measurement) and electron (scanning and transmission) microscopy. It has been found that Fe layers are disintegrated whereas Cu retains its continuity within a layer. Microstructural Characterization from X-Ray Line profile Analysis (XRDLPA) through Variance Method reveals that large amount of strain is initially carried by Cu layers during deformation. In the Cu-Fe layer, the texture is comparatively weaker in Cu layer and strong in Fe layers. Brass Component increases up to 75% reduction and then decreases, while the ratio of Cu/S and Bs/S remains almost constant through out the deformation. After 50% reduction, dynamic recovery is predominant as indicated by the increase in the amount of low angle grain boundaries and decrease in dislocation density. The presence of R component indicates continuous dynamic recovery and recrystallization (CDRR) at the advanced stage of deformation.
Influence of Grain Boundary Mobility on Microstructure Evolution during Recrystallisation
Authors: Winning Myrjam , Raabe Dierk
Published: April 2012

The paper introduces first investigations on how low angle grain boundaries can influence the recrystallisation behaviour of crystalline metallic materials. For this purpose a three-dimensional cellular automaton model was used. The approach in this study is to allow even low angle grain boundaries to move during recrystallisation. The effect of this non-zero mobility of low angle grain boundaries will be analysed for the recrystallisation of deformed Al single crystals with Cube orientation. It will be shown that low angle grain boundaries indeed influence the kinetics as well as the texture evolution of metallic materials during recrystallisation.
Combined Physical Modeling and Monte Carlo Simulation of Recrystallization of Hot Deformed AA7020 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Eivani Ali Reza , Zhou Jie , Duczczyk Jurek
Published: April 2012

In this research, recrystallization of AA7020 aluminum alloy after hot compression testing was predicted using a framework being a combination of physical modeling and Monte Carlo simulation. Stored energy was calculated as a function of subgrain size related to the Zener Hollomon parameter. The as-deformed grain structure was mapped into the Monte Carlo simulation from experimental results. Calculated stored energy was assigned to the mapped structure, considering the length scale of the simulation. Results were validated by comparing the microstructures obtained from the model predictions with those from experimental results and a reasonable agreement was reached. The predicted grain size was found to be 15 % smaller than the experimental values. Predicted fractions recrystallized showed a similar trend to the experimental results. However, a discrepancy between the model predictions and experimental results in terms of recrystallization kinetics was found, which was attributed to neglecting the effect of subgrain growth and resulting reduction of the stored energy during recovery on the recrystallization kinetics in the present simulation.
Synthesizing Annealing Twins in Three-Dimensional Voxel-Based Microstructures
Authors: Chan Lisa H. , Rohrer Gregory S. , Rollett Anthony D.
Published: April 2012

The five-parameter grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) of a material contains both the grain boundary plane orientation and the lattice misorientation information. This work focuses on generating three-dimensional microstructures that match the full five-parameter GBCD obtained from experimentally observed microstructures. In face-centered cubic metals, the density of high symmetry boundaries is often maximized in order to improve grain boundary dependent properties, such as the resistance to intergranular corrosion and fatigue cracking. Twinning events have been found to be very effective in introducing these high symmetry boundaries that are denoted by low sigma values for Coincident Site Lattice relationships. Therefore, in this investigation, microstructures that contain annealing twins are of particular interest. The statistics that are used to quantify the differences between the synthetic and experimentally observed structures are texture or orientation distribution (OD), GBCD, number and area fractions of S3 and coherent S3 boundaries, S3 cluster distribution, and twin density.
Mean Field and Finite Element Modeling of Static and Dynamic Recrystallization
Authors: Logé Roland E. , Bernard P. , Huang K. , Bag S. , Bernacki M.
Published: April 2012

Quantitative prediction of grain size and recrystallized volume fraction is still a real challenge for many alloys, and even for simple materials when subjected to complex thermal/mechanical histories, as in multi-pass (industrial) processing. A first step is therefore taken in the direction of multiscale modelling of recrystallization, by considering digital polycrystalline microstructures. These synthetic mesoscopic microstructures are meshed adaptively and anisotropically, with refinement close to the grain boundaries. Crystal plasticity finite element (CPFEM) simulations are combined with a level set framework to model primary recristallization, following plastic deformation. In the level set method, the kinetic equation describing interface motion uses the calculated stored energy field provided by CPFEM calculations, and works on the same mesh. Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization can be modelled within the same approach, effectively coupling plastic deformation with nucleation and growth processes. Parallel to the finite element approach, a mean field model is developed in the general context of multi-pass processing. The model considers categories of grains based on two state variables : grain size and total dislocation density. As opposed to the finite element approach, there is no crystallographic or topological information. It is computationally much cheaper and therefore suitable for direct coupling at the scale of forming processes, for industrial applications. The parameters of the model can be identified from inverse analysis, using experimental stress-strain curves, recrystallized volume fractions, and grain sizes. Mean field and finite element models are compared, and it is shown that the detailed information provided by finite element simulations can be used to calibrate or optimize the mean field method.
In Situ Observations and Measurements of Mechanically Induced Grain Boundary Migration in a Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Gorkaya Tatiana , Burlet Thomas , Molodov Dmitri A. , Gottstein Günter
Published: April 2012

A novel set-up developed to continuously observe and measure stress driven grain boundary migration is presented. A commercially available tensile/compression SEM unit was utilized for in-situ observations of mechanically loaded samples at elevated temperatures up to 850°C by recording orientation contrast images of bicrystal surfaces. Two sample holders for application of a shear stress to the boundary in bicrystals of different geometry were designed and fabricated. The results of first measurements are presented.
Effect of Matrix Size and Neighbour Sites on Microstructure Evolution in 3D Monte Carlo Grain Growth Simulation
Authors: Ayad Abdelhak , Rouag Nadjet
Published: April 2012

Grain size is an important microstructural feature of materials; it contributes to its mechanical and physical properties. Quantitative information of three-dimensional topological evolution during the three-dimensional normal grain growth process is very rare. In this work, an isothermal Monte Carlo procedure is applied to study the kinetics of normal grain growth in three dimensions using the Monte Carlo technique. Monte Carlo simulation of the grain growth in polycrystalline materials employed maps the microstructure onto a discrete lattice. It consists in evaluation of potential energy of a lattice point. Therefore, the choice of the simulation parameters can affect the grain growth characteristics. We attempted to define specific simulation parameters for the three dimensional MC simulation of grain growth using theses lattices. The parameters include the choice of the lattice symmetry, the pixels number and the number of the nearest neighbor lattice sites in the calculation of the system energy. The goal of these computer simulations is to provide insights on the simulated structure and to analyze the grain growth kinetics for the 3D domain through several 2D cross-sections. Compact microstructures were developed and the first results show that the lattice symmetry and the neighbours number have a fundamental influence on the results of grain growth simulation. The saturation is too rapid with only the consideration of the 1st neighbours while acceptable similar evolutions are obtained for the 2nd or 3rd neighbours consideration. Grain size evolution obeys the power law kinetics for the 2D cross-section confirming the quasi-steady state of the 3D normal grain growth. The highest grain growth velocity and grain size were obtained at the cross-sections of the heart of microstructures. One other noted information is the existence of a minority of grains which continue to grow slowly leading up to the abnormal grain growth.
Microstructure Numerical Modelling Change during the Round Bars Rolling
Authors: Mróz Sebastian , Szota Piotr , Stefanik Andrzej , Dyja Henryk
Published: April 2012

In this work result of the theoretical analyses, witch the main purpose was modelling of the microstructure change during round bars rolling was presented. To determination of the austenite diameter during numerical modelling of the rolling process it is necessary to assign mathematical models of the microstructure change, relationship making the value of yield stress dependent on deformation parameters, temperature and strain range. Theoretical analysis was made in computer program Forge2008®, based on the finite-element method. An analysis was made for two cases: traditional - without accelerated cooling during rolling process and normalizing with one section of the accelerated cooling during rolling process for the ø26 mm round bars. Modification of the ø26 mm round bars rolling technology with accelerated cooling, affect the reduction of average austenite diameter, which cause improving impact resistance of the final product. Results of the theoretical analysis were verified in industrial conditions, in one of polish steelwork.
On the Recrystallization Kinetics of 3D Potts Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Fjeldberg E. , Marthinsen Knut
Published: April 2012

The present simulations have clearly demonstrated that the kinetics, as derived directly from the 3D Potts Monte Carlo simulations, deviate strongly from the classical JMAK theory. The Avrami plots exhibit a strong initial transient and the Avrami exponents are far from constant and generally much lower than predicted by the classical JMAK theory. However, by introducing a suitable time delay,t0, due to a non-zero volume fraction of recrystallized grains at the start-up of the simulations, this initial transient can be removed and the Avrami plots are made close to linear at the same time as the Avrami exponent is in better agreement with theory.
Modelling of Recrystallization Curves of Porous Copper-Titanium Powder Materials
Authors: Ryabicheva Lyudmila , Usatyuk Dmytro
Published: April 2012

In this paper, modelling and plotting of recrystallization curves of copper-titanium powder materials with titanium content of 0.5%, porosity 5% and 10%. The mathematical model that describes an influence of temperature, degree of deformation, strain rate, initial grain size and porosity to grain size after deformation has developed. The interconnection of deforming parameters and structure has presented by function of several variables with analytical expression obtained by method of undetermined coefficients based on experimental data. Theoretical recrystallization curves for copper-titanium powder materials with different porosity have plotted. It has established that porosity decelerates the kinetics of structure formation during dynamical softening of porous powder materials.
Analytical Expressions for Formal Kinetics
Authors: Rios Paulo Rangel , Assis Weslley L.S. , Salazar Tatiana C. , Villa Elena
Published: April 2012

In recent papers Rios and Villa resorted to developments in stochastic geometry to revisit theclassical KJMA theory and generalize it for situations in which nuclei were located in space accordingto both homogeneous and inhomogeneous Poisson point processes as well as according to Materncluster process and surface and bulk nucleation in small specimens. Rigorous mathematical methodswere employed to ensure the reliability of the new expressions. These results are briefly described.Analytical expression for inhomogeneous Poisson point process nucleation gives very good agreementwith Cellular Automata simulations. Cellular Automata simulations complement the analyticalsolutions by showing the corresponding microstructural evolution. These new results considerablyexpand the range of situations for which analytical solutions are available.
Effects of Interfacial Strength and Dimension of Structures on Physical Cleaning Window
Authors: Kim Tae Gon , Pacco Antoine , Wostyn Kurt , Brems Steven , Xu Xiu Mei , Struyf Herbert , Arstila Kai , Vandevelde B. , Park Jin Goo , De Gendt Stefan , Mertens Paul W. , Heyns Marc M.
Published: April 2012

Four different types of FINs; amorphous Si (a-Si), annealed a-Si, polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) and crystalline Si (c-Si) were used to investigate the effect of interfacial strength and the length of structures on the physical cleaning window by measuring their collapse forces by atomic force microscope (AFM). A transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a nanoneedle with a nanomanipulator in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed in order to explain the different collapse behavior and their forces. Different fracture shapes and collapse forces of FINs could explain the influence of the interfacial strength on the pattern strength. Furthermore, the different lengths of a-Si FINs were prepared and their collapse forces were measured and the shorter length reduced their pattern strength. Strong adhesion at the interface resulted in a wider process window while smaller dimensions made the process window narrower.