bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristic classes of foliations via SAYD-twisted cocycles
Authors: Rangipour Bahram , Sütlü Serkan
Published: October 2015

We find the first non trivial “SAYD-twisted” cyclic cocycle over the groupoid action algebra under the symmetry of the affine linear transformations of the Euclidian space. We apply the cocycle to construct a characteristic map by which we transfer the characteristic classes of transversely orientable foliations into the cyclic cohomology of the groupoid action algebra. In codimension 1, our result matches with the (only explicit) computation done by Connes–Moscovici. We carry out the explicit computation in codimension 2 to present the transverse fundamental class, the Godbillon–Vey class, and the other four residual classes as cyclic cocycles on the groupoid action algebra.
Mini-Workshop: Differentiable Ergodic Theory, Dimension Theory and Stable Foliations
Authors: Mihailescu Eugen , Stratmann Bernd O.
Published: October 2015

The mini-workshop
Differentiable Ergodic Theory, Dimension Theory and Stable Foliations
brought together experts in thermodynamical formalism, hyperbolic dynamics and dimension theory from several countries. The geographic representation was broad, from Europe, USA and Japan. All participants gave interesting 1-hour talks, and there was organized also an open problem session, where directions for future work and many open problems were discussed. Among the topics presented/discussed in the workshop, there were ones related to dimension theory and probability measures on fractals, various types of hyperbolicity, systems with overlaps, complex dynamics and iterated function systems.
Mini-Workshop: Dynamical versus Diffraction Spectra in the Theory of Quasicrystals
Authors: Baake Michael , Damanik David , Grimm Uwe
Published: October 2015

The dynamical (or von Neumann) spectrum of a dynamical system and the diffraction spectrum of the corresponding measure dynamical system are intimately related. While their equivalence in the case of pure point spectra is well understood, this workshop aimed at an appropriate extension to systems with mixed spectra, building on recent developments for systems of finite local complexity and for certain random systems from the theory of point processes. Another focus was the question for connections between Schr¨odinger and dynamical spectra.
On the group of germs of contact transformations
Authors: Martins Ana Rita , Neto Orlando
Published: October 2015

We show that the germ of a contact transformation

\Phi

can be written in a unique way as a product

\Phi_1\Phi_2

, where

\Phi_1

only depends on the derivative of

\Phi

and the derivative of

\Phi_2

is trivial. We show that each contact transformation with trivial derivative can be constructed solving a convenient Cauchy problem.
A Harnack’s inequality and Hölder continuity for solutions of mixed type evolution equations
Authors: Paronetto Fabio
Published: October 2015

We define a homogeneous parabolic De Giorgi classes of order 2 which suits a mixed type class of evolution equations whose simplest example is

\mu (x) \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} - \Delta u = 0

where

\mu

can be positive, null and negative, so that elliptic-parabolic and forward-backward parabolic equations are included. For functions belonging to this class we prove local boundedness and show a Harnack inequality which, as by-products, gives Hölder-continuity, in particular in the interface

I

where

\mu

change sign, and a maximum principle.
A density property for fractional weighted Sobolev spaces
Authors: Dipierro Serena , Valdinoci Enrico
Published: October 2015

In this paper we show a density property for fractional weighted Sobolev spaces. That is, we prove that any function in a fractional weighted Sobolev space can be approximated by a smooth function with compact support.

The additional difficulty in this nonlocal setting is caused by the fact that the weights are not necessarily translation invariant.
On the measure of Lagrangian invariant tori in nearly-integrable mechanical systems
Authors: Biasco Luca , Chierchia Luigi
Published: October 2015

Consider an

n

-degrees-of-freedom real-analytic mechanical system with potential

\epsilon f = \epsilon f (x)

,

x

being a

n

-dimensional angle variable. Then, for ‘‘general’’ potentials

f

’s and

\epsilon

small enough, the Liouville measure of the complementary of invariant tori is smaller than

\epsilon |\mathrm {ln} \epsilon |^a

(for a suitable

a > 0

).
Existence, uniqueness and behaviour of solutions for a nonlinear diffusion equation with third type boundary value condition
Authors: Duzgun Fatma Gamze , Soltanov Kamal
Published: October 2015

In this work, we investigate a mixed problem with boundary condition of third type for a nonlinear diffusion equation having nonlocal term. Existence and uniqueness of a solution of the posed problem are proved under fairly general conditions. Moreover, we obtain some results on the behaviour of the solution and the existence of an absorbing set for the problem under consideration.
On the Krull dimension of rings of continuous semialgebraic functions
Authors: Fernando José F. , Gamboa José Manuel
Published: October 2015

Let

R

be a real closed field,

{\mathcal S}(M)

the ring of continuous semialgebraic functions on a semialgebraic set

M\subset R^m

and

{\mathcal S}^*(M)

its subring of continuous semialgebraic functions that are bounded with respect to

R

. In this work we introduce
semialgebraic pseudo-compactifications
of

M

and the
semi algebraic depth
of a prime ideal

\mathfrak p

of

{\mathcal S}(M)

in order to provide an elementary proof of the finiteness of the Krull dimensions of the rings

{\mathcal S}(M)

and

{\mathcal S}^*(M)

for an arbitrary semialgebraic set

M

. We are inspired by the classical way to compute the dimension of the ring of polynomial functions on a complex algebraic set without involving the sophisticated machinery of real spectra. We show

\mathrm {dim}({\mathcal S}(M))=\mathrm {dim}({\mathcal S}^*(M))=\mathrm {dim}(M)

and prove that in both cases the height of a maximal ideal corresponding to a point

p \in M

coincides with the local dimension of

M

at

p

. In case

\mathfrak p

is a prime

z

-
ideal
of

{\mathcal S}(M)

, its semialgebraic depth coincides with the transcendence degree of the real closed field

\mathrm {qf}({\mathcal S}(M)/\mathfrak p)

over

R

.
Dyadic structure theorems for multiparameter function spaces
Authors: Li Ji , Pipher Jill , Ward Lesley A.
Published: October 2015

We prove that the multiparameter (product) space BMO of functions of bounded mean oscillation can be written as the intersection of finitely many dyadic product BMO spaces, with equivalent norms, generalizing the one-parameter result of T. Mei. We establish the analogous dyadic structure theorems for the space VMO of functions of vanishing mean oscillation, for

A_p

weights, for reverse-Hölder weights and for doubling weights. We survey several definitions of VMO and prove their equivalences, in the continuous, dyadic, one-parameter and product cases. In particular, we introduce the space of dyadic product VMO functions. We show that the weighted product Hardy space

H^1_{\omega}

is the sum of finitely many translates of dyadic weighted

H^1_{\omega}

, for each

A_{\infty}

weight

\omega

, and that the weighted strong maximal function is pointwise comparable to the sum of finitely many dyadic weighted strong maximal functions, for each doubling weight

\omega

. Our results hold in both the compact and non-compact cases.
Thin sequences and their role in $H^p$ theory, model spaces, and uniform algebras
Authors: Gorkin Pamela , Pott Sandra , Wick Brett D.
Published: October 2015

In this paper we revisit some facts about thin interpolating sequences in the unit disc from three perspectives: uniform algebras, model spaces, and

H^p

spaces. We extend the notion of asymptotic interpolation to

H^p

spaces, for

1 ≤ p ≤ \infty

, providing several new ways to think about these sequences.
Brownian motion on treebolic space: escape to infinity
Authors: Bendikov Alexander , Saloff-Coste Laurent , Salvatori Maura , Woess Wolfgang
Published: October 2015

Treebolic space is an analog of the

\mathsf {Sol}

geometry, namely, it is the horocylic product of the hyperbolic upper half plane

\mathbb H

and the homogeneous tree

\mathbb T=\mathbb T_{\mathsf p}

with degree

\mathsf p+1 \ge 3

, the latter seen as a one-complex. Let

\mathfrak h

be the Busemann function of

\mathbb T

with respect to a fixed boundary point. Then for real

\mathsf q > 1

and integer

\mathsf p \ge 2

, treebolic space

\mathsf {HT}(\mathsf q,\mathsf p)

consists of all pairs

(z=x+\mathfrak i y,w) \in \mathbb H \times \mathbb T

with

\mathfrak h (w) = \mathrm {log}_{\mathsf q} y

. It can also be obtained by glueing together horizontal strips of

\mathbb H

in a tree-like fashion. We explain the geometry and metric of

\mathsf HT

and exhibit a locally compact group of isometries (a horocyclic product of affine groups) that acts with compact quotient. When

\mathsf q=\mathsf p

, that group contains the amenable Baumslag–Solitar group

\mathsf {BS} \mathsf p)

as a co-compact lattice, while when

\mathsf q \ne \mathsf p

, it is amenable, but non-unimodular.

\mathsf {HT} (\mathsf q,\mathsf p)

is a key example of a strip complex in the sense of [4].$

Relying on the analysis of strip complexes developed by the same authors in [4], we consider a family of natural Laplacians with "vertical drift" and describe the associated Brownian motion. The main difficulties come from the singularities which treebolic space (as any strip complex) has along its bifurcation lines. In this first part, we obtain the rate of escape and a central limit theorem, and describe how Brownian motion converges to the natural geometric boundary at infinity. Forthcoming work will be dedicated to positive harmonic functions.
Towards Oka–Cartan theory for algebras of holomorphic functions on coverings of Stein manifolds I
Authors: Brudnyi Alexander , Kinzebulatov Damir
Published: October 2015

We develop complex function theory within certain algebras of holomorphic functions on coverings of Stein manifolds. This, in particular, includes the results on holomorphic extension from complex submanifolds, corona-type theorems, properties of divisors, holomorphic analogs of the Peter–Weyl approximation theorem, Hartogs-type theorems, characterization of uniqueness sets. The model examples of these algebras are:

(1) Bohr’s algebra of holomorphic almost periodic functions on tube domains;

(2) algebra of all fibrewise bounded holomorphic functions (e.g., arising in the corona problem for

H^\infty

).

Our approach is based on an extension of the classical Oka–Cartan theory to coherent-type sheaves on the maximal ideal spaces of these algebras – topological spaces having some features of complex manifolds.
Radon–Nikodým Theorems for Finitely Additive Multimeasures
Authors: Di Piazza Luisa , Porcello Giovanni
Published: October 2015

In this paper we deal with interval multimeasures. We show some Radon–Nikodým theorems for such multimeasures using multivalued Henstock or Henstock–Kurzweil–Pettis derivatives. We do not use the separability assumption in the results.
Asymptotic Almost Periodicity to Some Evolution Equations
Authors: Wang Rong-Nian , Xiang Qiao-Min , Zhou Yong
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we introduce a new notion of semi-Lipschitz continuity for the class of asymptotically almost periodic functions and establish new existence theorems for asymptotically almost periodic mild solutions to some semi linear abstract evolution equations upon making some suitable assumptions. As one would expect, the results presented here would generalize and improve some recent results in this area.
Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds and subsequent formation of secondary organic aerosols in a Larix kaempferi forest
Authors: Mochizuki T. , Miyazaki Y. , Ono K. , Wada R. , Takahashi Y. , Saigusa N. , Kawamura K. , Tani A.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. We conducted simultaneous measurements of concentrations and above-canopy fluxes of isoprene and α-pinene, along with their oxidation products in aerosols in a Larix kaempferi (Japanese larch) forest in summer 2012. Vertical profiles of isoprene showed the maximum concentration near the forest floor with a peak around noon, whereas oxidation products of isoprene, i.e., methacrolein (MACR) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), showed higher concentrations near the canopy level of the forest. The vertical profile suggests large emissions of isoprene near the forest floor, likely due to Dryopteris crassirhizoma (a fern species), and the subsequent reaction within the canopy. The concentrations of α-pinene also showed highest values near the forest floor, with maximums in the early morning and late afternoon. The vertical profiles of α-pinene suggest its large emissions from soil and litter in addition to emissions from L. kaempferi leaves at the forest site. Isoprene and its oxidation products in aerosols exhibited similar diurnal variations within the forest canopy, providing evidence of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation via oxidation of isoprene most likely emitted from the forest floor. Although high abundance of α-pinene was observed in the morning, its oxidation products in aerosols showed peaks in daytime, due to a time lag between the emission and atmospheric reactions of α-pinene to form SOA. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis indicated that anthropogenic influence is the most important factor contributing to the elevated concentrations of molecular oxidation products of isoprene- (> 64 %) and α-pinene-derived SOA (> 57 %). The combination of the measured fluxes and vertical profiles of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) suggests that the inflow of anthropogenic precursors/aerosols likely enhanced the formation of both isoprene SOA and α-pinene SOA within the forest canopy even when the BVOC flux was relatively low. This study highlights the importance of intra-canopy processes that promote biogenic SOA formation in the presence of significant inflow of oxidants together with anthropogenic aerosols and their precursors.
Variability of atmospheric circulation patterns associated with large volume changes of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Lehmann A. , Post P.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Salinity and stratification in the deep basins of the Baltic Sea are linked to the occurrence of Major Baltic Inflows (MBIs) of higher saline water of North Sea origin, which occur sporadically and transport higher saline and oxygenated water to deeper layers. Since the mid-1970s, the frequency and intensity of MBIs have decreased. They were completely absent between February 1983 and January 1993. However, in spite of the decreasing frequency of MBIs, there was no obvious decrease of larger Baltic Sea volume changes (LVCs). A LVC is defined by a total volume change of at least 100 km3. LVCs can be identified from the sea level changes at Landsort which is known to represent the mean sea level of the Baltic Sea very well. Strong inflows leading to LVCs are associated to a special sequence of atmospheric circulation patterns. Our analysis based on Jenkinson-Collison circulation (JCC) types confirms that most effective inflows occur if about a month before the main inflow period, eastern air flow with anticyclonic vorticity over the western Baltic prevails. These conditions reduce the mean sea level of the Baltic Sea and lead to an increased saline stratification in the Belt Sea area. An immediate period of strong to very strong westerly winds trigger the inflow and force LVCs/MBIs. The lack of MBIs coincide with a negative trend of eastern types and a parallel increase of western type JCCs.
Seasonal hydrography and surface outflow in a fjord with deep sill: the Reloncavi fjord, Chile
Authors: Castillo M. I. , Cifuentes U. , Pizarro O. , Djurfeldt L. , Caceres M.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Seasonal information of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll, combined with meteorological and river discharge time series were used to describe the oceanographic conditions in the Reloncavi fjord (41°35' S; 72°20' W). The winds in the fjord valley blow mainly down-fjord during winter, reinforcing the upper layer outflow, while in spring–summer winds have a predominant up-fjord direction contrary to upper layer outflow. The fjord, with a deep sill at the mouth, was well stratified year-round and showed a thin surface layer of brackish water with mean salinities between 10.4 ± 1.4 (spring) and 13.2 ± 2.5 (autumn). The depth of the upper layer changed slightly along the different studied seasons remaining at about 4.5 m near the mouth. This upper layer presented a mean outflow (Q1) of 3185 ± 223 m3 s−1, which imply a flushing time of about 3 days of this layer. The vertical salt flux was ∼ 37 tons of salt per second, similar to the horizontal salt flux observed in the upper layer. These estimations will contribute to a better management of the aquaculture on this region.
Proyección y política cultural estadounidense en argentina (1928-1941)
Authors: Fotia Laura
Published: October 2015

El objetivo del artículo es analizar algunos aspectos de los orígenes de la “política cultural” estadounidense en Argentina. La atención se concentrará en el pasaje desde las declaraciones del presidente Hoover, que contribuyeron a favorecer un clima útil y propicio a la intensificación de los intercambios, a los primeros pasos concretos realizados en el periodo de la presidencia de Roosevelt. Se tratará, en particular, de individualizar las características de la cooperación establecida entre organismos estadounidenses y argentinos para favorecer la proyección cultural estadounidense en el país y el intercambio cultural entre Estados Unidos y Argentina, donde se iba intensificando la difusión de un sentimiento anti-imperialista, y que era entonces objetivo de formas de propaganda particularmente agresivas por parte de los regímenes totalitarios.
El multilateralismo como intervencionismo. Estados Unidos y la Sociedad de Naciones en América Latina (1930-1946)
Authors: Sánchez Román José Antonio
Published: October 2015

Este artículo analiza una dinámica de intervenciones de Estados Unidos en América Latina que no ha atraído suficientemente la atención de los historiadores. En los años treinta y cuarenta, cuando Europa se hundía en una nueva confrontación bélica, ciertos sectores del gobierno y del mundo empresarial norteamericano intentaron articular una nueva relación con los países del continente basada en una propuesta de multilateralismo que se había configurado dentro de la Sociedad de Naciones (SN). Estos estadounidenses intentaron establecer una dinámica de relaciones triangulares con los gobiernos latinoamericanos y los organismos técnicos de la SN. Gracias a ello, como se mostrará en este artículo para el caso del funcionamiento del Comité Fiscal de la Sociedad de Naciones, los latinoamericanos fueron capaces de influir en el tipo de políticas que debían emanar de esta relación triangular. La importancia de esta historia no es menor. La relación triangular entre Estados Unidos, América Latina y la SN sirvió de base para la reconstrucción de la gobernanza global liderada por los Estados Unidos tras la guerra.
Humanismo cívico y tradición clásica en los albores republicanos de Chile
Authors: Huidobro Salazar María Gabriela
Published: October 2015

Las primeras décadas del siglo XIX constituyeron para Chile un periodo de cambios profundos, cuyo principal resultado se visibilizó en el proceso y consolidación de su independencia frente a la tutela española en 1818. Sus alcances no sólo supusieron una revolución desde una perspectiva militar o política, sino también una renovación del horizonte cultural, al menos por parte de la comunidad de patriotas letrados, en un esfuerzo por distanciarse ideológicamente de la monarquía, con el desafío implícito de fundar sobre bases legítimas y universalmente reconocibles un nuevo orden para Chile. La matriz de inspiración de tales esfuerzos suele asociarse a los ejemplos revolucionarios –francés y norteamericanoque precedieron al proceso de emancipación en Hispanoamérica, así como a los modelos discursivos del liberalismo ilustrado. Sin embargo, una nueva lectura de los textos escritos por los criollos que lideraron el proceso independentista de Chile, puede develar igualmente la relevancia de la tradición clásica como modelo para la configuración y legitimación de los primeros proyectos republicanos, admiradores especialmente de los ideales del republicanismo, tal como intentaremos demostrar en el presente estudio.
Parent Participation in the Spanish School System: School Councils
Authors: Cobano-Delgado Verónica
Published: October 2015

Parents of pupils participate in the supervision and management of Spanish schools through the School Council [Consejo Escolar], which is the principal body through which such participation and oversight is channeled. Through it families, pupils, teachers and non-teaching staff contribute collectively to making the important decisions affecting schools. Its members are chosen by means of an electoral process that must be public and objective; voting must be personal, direct, secret and not delegable. The Council’s composition varies from one Autonomous Community to another and its character depends on the characteristics of each school – public or private – on the type of education offered as well as on the space, teaching staff and pupils it has at its disposal. Under the recent educational reform, democratic participation on the part of the various sectors which make up the school community has been drastically curtailed. Parents’ representatives, teachers, pupils, administrative and municpal staff on the School Council find their contribution relegated to a merely consultative level.
The Influence of Mathematics Anxiety in Middle and High School Students Math Achievement
Authors: Al Mutawah Masooma Ali
Published: October 2015

Math anxiety has been the focus of much psychological and educational research in the past few years, there are many international studies showing that mathematics anxiety is an influence on student’s achievements in school, but little research has been done about this issue in Bahrain. Bahrain is a country in the Arabian Gulf region, its economic development is increasing rapidly, and there is currently a focus on improving the school education outcomes to fit the 21st century requirements. Bahrain started a huge curriculum project in September 2013 by changing the primary math curriculum across the country, and will continue the changes to secondary curriculum in the coming years. These changes are intended to improve mathematics education in the country, since Bahraini math scores have been below the international mean for a very long time. This study attempts to investigate if there is a relationship between anxiety and underachieving in mathematics in Bahrain. The Revised Mathematics Anxiety (R-MANX) Survey (Bursal, 2006) was translated into Arabic and administered to 1352 primary students. The data was analyzed to explore the reliability and validity of the translated survey and the associations between Mathematics anxiety and achievement. This paper reports the findings of the study.
Discourse Patterns at Laboratory Practices and the Co-Construction of Knowledge by Applying SDIS-GSEQ
Authors: Carrillo Edgardo Ruiz , González José Luis Cruz , Martínez Samuel Meraz , Sánchez Luisa Bravo
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the discourse through IRE (Intervention-Response-Evaluation) in the co-construction of knowledge of Biology students during laboratory practices by applying the SDIS-GSEQ software to assess IRE discourse patterns developed during the same. The study group consisted of second semester students of the Bachelor’s Degree in Biology from the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM. This process included audiovisual records of the practice, the creation of an instrument where a categories system and verbal sub-systems are put together with sub-categories to be defined based on the discourse and IRE structure; then this audiovisual records and the obtained category pattern were used to apply the SDIS-GSEQ software which was in charge of establishing the category sequences created in the interaction between teachers and students during the practice. The obtained results show IRE discourse patterns demonstrating that students prefer to use reproducible and dependent practice manual structures, instead of thoughtful and non-cognitive structures where their knowledge about the practice content is involved; the study also demonstrates that the SDIS-GSEQ software is a useful tool for the research of these patterns. Therefore, we propose to modify the IRE structure in order to create better conditions in the construction of knowledge between students and teachers by using a IRF (Initiation-Response-Feedback) pattern leading to feedback, negotiation and co-construction of knowledge so as to improve the Teaching-Learning process during laboratory practices.
Evaluation of a Brazilian Postgraduate Dental Program by the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure
Authors: Placa Rebeca Do Vale , Zangrando Mariana S. Ragghianti , Sant’Ana Adriana C. P. , Greghi Sebastião L. A. , De Rezende Maria Lucia R. , Damante Carla A.
Published: October 2015

The evaluation of education environment is essential to provide to the professors a better understanding of the teaching process. One valuable tool for this assessment is the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). This questionnaire has 50 questions and is divided in five dimensions: D1–Perceptions of teaching, D2–Perceptions of teacher, D3–Academic self-perceptions, D4–Perception of atmosphere, D5–Social self-perception. Although it was first elaborated to undergraduate medical students, it has been used to other health areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate learning environment of a dental postgraduate course in a Brazilian University. Twenty-one students of master degree and PhD program in Periodontics were invited to answer the DREEM questionnaire. The mean age of the students was 27.4 years old. The total DREEM mean was 146.8, presenting a positive learning environment. Possible correlations were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation test (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between total DREEM and all 5 dimensions (p<0.05). The highest correlation was total DREEM with academic self-perceptions (r=0.938). There was no correlation between age and distance from parents home (p>0.05). In conclusion, the postgraduate learning environment is positive and students are satisfied. This questionnaire was very efficient and provided important information to maintain or improve our learning environment.
Examining Kindergarteners’ Drawings for Their Perspectives on Picture Books’ Themes and Characters
Authors: Hsiao Ching-Yuan , Chen Chi-Mei
Published: October 2015

The aim of this study was to identify and characterize children’s perspectives on a picture book’s themes and characters by examining their drawings. The study was conducted over a five-month period in a public kindergarten in southern Taiwan, with six children aged 5-6 years. Picture book appreciation activities focused on eight picture books. Research data were collected via digital recordings of participants’ appreciation and art-making activities, interviews, and associate teachers’ feedback. A qualitative research method was used to process and analyze data. Study results indicate that with regard to theme, children could clearly identify and characterize a story’s theme but seldom offered in-depth interpretations. With regard to character, children could describe a picture book character’s outward appearance and inner feelings but could not present its inner feelings in their drawings. These and other findings from this study could aid early childhood educators in conducting picture book appreciation activities in the future.
Impact of Salinity on the Physical Soil Properties in the Groundnut Basin of Senegal: Case Study of Ndiaffate
Authors: Diome Fary , Tine Alfred
Published: October 2015

This study was conducted during the rainy season (september) to evaluate the impact of salinity on the soil physical properties. The area of study is composed of agricultural (ZC) and salt production (SA) area, none vegetalized (TV) and little vegetalized (TA) spots.Our methodological approach is based on a sampling of soils in different depth (0-20; 20-40, and 40-60 cm), the measurement of their physical properties (bulk density, infiltration test) and chemical caracteristics (pH, EC, exchangeable bases, etc.).Our results show that the measured values of electric conductivity (14 µS.cm-1 in ZC and 3290 µS.cm-1 in SA) indicate a gradient of salinity from the agricultural activities zone (ZC) towards the salt production zone (SA). The values of bulk density and infiltration, vary according to a gradient of salinity which goes decreasing from the none vegetalized spots (TV, (> 2.40 kg.m-3; 0 mm.h-1) to the little vegetalized spots (TA, (2.4 kg.m-3; 0.2 mm.h-1), the salt production area (SA, (2.32 kg.m-3; 2.4 mm.h-1) and finally to the zone of agricultural activities (ZC, (2.12 kg.m-3; 14 mm.h-1).This result establishes a relation between the gradient of salinity and the modification of the studied soil physical parameters. The practice of salt production involves an increase in the salinity of the soils.
Archery: Emotion Intensity Regulation to Stay in the Zone during Olympic Competition
Authors: Roy Jolly , Suwarganda Edin
Published: October 2015

Understanding emotional influence that affect sport performance in archery helps to design the appropriate intervention in athlete’s preparation. The present study examined the effect of emotion intensity from four Olympic level recurve archers on error scores and performance outcomes; compared individual emotion intensities of three competing archers during Olympic competition with previously established individual optimal zone; and examined the influence of being “in or out of individual zone” relating the archer’s achievement with the individual target set by the coach and performance outcome during Olympic competition. The results revealed that unpleasant dysfunctional emotion (N-) had the most influence on performance score. The in-out of zone results derived from the archers data lend support to emotion-performance relationship.
Retrospective Assessment of Multiple Victimization among Immigrants in Spain
Authors: Cedeño Luis F , Martínez-Arias Rosario , Bueno José A
Published: October 2015

The present study speculates that histories of multiple victimization during childhood and adolescence are more prevalent among low-income adult immigrants than among low-income adult nonimmigrants. Method: a total sample of 53 individuals (N=53) completed the JVQ-Adult Retrospective Victimization. Results: a t test showed no significant differences between the immigrant group (M=3.34) and the non-immigrant group (M=3.00), (t(51)=.310, df=51, p=.758), and results from a Mann-Whitney U either (U=186.500, Z=-.276, p=.783). Conclusion: no significant differences were found between immigrants and non-immigrants. Nevertheless, it raises concerns about other studies from public and private organizations revealing high rates of inter-partner violence and child maltreatment among the immigrant population in Spain.
Compensatory Policies Attending Equality and Inequality in Mexico Educational Practice among Vulnerable Groups in Higher Education
Authors: Flores René Pedroza , Monroy Guadalupe Villalobos , Fabela Ana María Reyes
Published: October 2015

This paper presents an estimate of the prevalence of social inequality in accessing higher education among vulnerable groups in Mexico. Estimates were determined from statistical data provided by governmental agencies on the level of poverty among the Mexican population. In Mexico, the conditions of poverty and vulnerability while trying to access better standards of living as well as educational inequality continue to grow at an alarming rate. The number of poor (extreme and moderate) and vulnerable people (according to income and social need) increased from 2008 through 2010 dramatically. The number of people in this situation went from 89.9 million to 90.8 million, which represents 80.64% of the total Mexican population. Only 19.36% of the population is not considered poor or vulnerable.

The access to higher education is not distributed uniformly throughout the Mexican youth since they belong to different social and economic strata: the least developed regions carry the largest share. Consequently, educational opportunities are unequally distributed mainly across age and gender factors. A distribution imbalance is also found with regard to gender throughout the population observed and analyzed: indigenous females have a significantly higher risk of not having access to higher education than males.
The Relationship Between Oil Price and Costs in the Oil Industry
Authors: Toews Gerhard , Naumov Alexander
Published: October 2015

We propose a simple structural model of the upstream sector in the oil industry to study the determinants of costs with a focus on its relationship with the price of oil. We use the real oil price, data on global drilling activity and real cost of drilling to estimate a three-dimensional VAR model. We use short run restrictions to decompose the variation in the data into three structural shocks. We estimate the dynamic effects of these shocks on drilling activity, costs of drilling and the real price of oil. Our main results suggest that (i) a 10% increase (decrease) in the oil price increases (decreases) global drilling activity by 4% and costs of drilling by 3% with a lag of 4 and 6 quarters respectively; (ii) positive shocks to drilling activity affect the oil price negatively within a year; (iii) shocks to cost of drilling have a relatively small and statistically insignificant effect on the price of oil.
A stand-level tool for predicting the natural regeneration density of black spruce and jack pine following fire and salvage
Authors: Splawinski T.B. , Greene D.F. , Gauthier S. , Bergeron Y.
Published: October 2015

A tool was developed to allow managers and foresters to quickly assess reforestation needs following forest fire and salvage logging at the stand level in both pure and mixed black spruce and jack pine stands. This on-site operational assessment tool was created using a forest regeneration model that simulates the natural regeneration densities of black spruce and jack pine following fire and salvage. Tree species basal areas used for simulations represent the natural range expected in the field. Additional parameters include the abscission schedule of the species, the percentage of optimal (exposed mineral soil or humus) post-fire seedbeds, and the timing of the salvage operation. The tool also allows for rapid planning of both salvage operations and planting. It has important advantages over conventional seedling surveys in that it can be employed immediately following fire, can guide management decisions about the planning of road construction and the harvest sequence, and takes into account the entire establishment phase. Using the tool to adjust the harvesting schedule to minimize replanting, the likely final cost of reforestation can be estimated for an entire burn. The tool shows that a higher percentage of optimal seedbeds are necessary following salvage: (1) for black spruce to regenerate adequately compared to jack pine (i.e., planting of black spruce will almost always be necessary); (2) as basal area of the species of interest decreases; and, (3) to adequately regenerate burned intact and salvaged stands in late-season fires compared with those from early-season fires.
Analysis of the log import market and demand elasticity in China
Authors: Cheng Baodong , Qin Guangyuan , Song Weiming
Published: October 2015

Using country-specific data from 1992 to 2012, we estimated the demand elasticity of the log import market using the source-differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model, the Error Correction Model (ECM), and both models in combination (ECM-AIDS), considering imports from Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Russia, and the United States. Regardless of which model used, the expenditure elasticity values were mostly positive, indicating a positive correlation between import volume and total import expenditure. Self-compensated price elasticity was negative, indicating that logs from all countries except Malaysia are relatively more sensitive to price, while import volumes from these countries are less sensitive to price. Cross-price elasticity values calculated using the static AIDS model showed that logs imported from Malaysia, Myanmar, and Russia are mutually complementary with logs imported from the other countries. Logs from Australia, Malaysia, and Indonesia; Canada and Indonesia; the US and New Zealand; and, Myanmar and Indonesia are mutually replaceable. The dynamic AIDS model found the same pattern regarding supplementarity, but indicated that logs from Australia, Canada, and Indonesia; the US and New Zealand; New Zealand and Indonesia; and Myanmar and Indonesia are mutually replaceable.
Applications of visual magnitude in forest planning: A case study
Authors: Chamberlain Brent C. , Meitner Michael J. , Ballinger Robert
Published: October 2015

Recent impacts from the Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic, the lack of available timber in areas of lower elevation, and the reduction in back-country timber has pushed forest operations into publicly significant and visible landscapes. When these become the stage for operations they can be a source of public backlash. These kinds of landscapes are carefully protected by governments, yet, this protection may reduce timber availability. We have developed a new GIS-based tool to aid planners in designing harvests in these areas. Our tool is applied to three case studies in British Columbia to showcase how it can reduce planning time, increase timber availability and limit the negative visible effects of operations.
The potential of mixing timber assets to financially offset negative effects of deer browsing on western redcedar
Authors: Griess Verena C. , Panwar Rajat , Cool Julie
Published: October 2015

Western redcedar (WRC) is a highly desirable species in British Columbia's Coastal Western Hemlock zone, both from a management and a conservation perspective. However, it is also highly palatable for ungulates. Existing countermeasures against browsing all have high costs and imperfect results in common. We used the portfolio method to display how diversification can help to lower investment risk. Using risk-return ratios of a WRC and Douglas-fir (DF), we derived species portfolios that yield maximum financial return per unit of risk. Financial indicators were calculated based on Monte Carlo simulations, which consider timber price fluctuation and browsing risk. Results show how economic risks of a forest investment could be reduced by creating a species portfolio. The optimum portfolio leading to most beneficial risk-return combination is 75% WRC and 25% DF if browsing is lowered using protective measures that double planting costs; and 30% WRC and 70% DF if no protective measures are applied. Accordingly, the most desirable risk-return combination is that of a mixed-species forest, whereas the 2 species don't have to be grown in intimate mixtures. Our research sketches a path forward that can help to ensure WRC will remain an important asset in BC's timber portfolio.
Three new species, a lectotype designation, and taxonomic and geographic notes in Eburiini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae)
Authors: Botero Juan Pablo
Published: October 2015

Three new species of Eburiini are described: Beraba hovorei sp. nov. from Ecuador, Eburella migueli sp. nov from Colombia and Susuacanga marcelae sp. nov. from Mexico. A new combination, Quiacaua vespertina (Monné & Martins, 1973) comb. nov., and the transfer of Eburia (Eburia) stroheckeri Knull, 1949 to Eburia (Eleutho) Thomson, 1864 are proposed. A key to species of Beraba Martins, 1997, Eburella Monné & Martins, 1973 and Quiacaua Martins, 1997 is provided. Moreover, the geographical distribution for 15 species of Eburiini is expanded. A lectotype and a paralectotype for Volxemia dianella Lameere, 1884 are designated.
Citation Patterns of Engineering, Statistics, and Computer Science Researchers: An Internal and External Citation Analysis across Multiple Engineering Subfields
Authors: Kelly Madeline
Published: October 2015

This study takes a multidimensional approach to citation analysis, examining citations in multiple subfields of engineering, from both scholarly journals and doctoral dissertations. The three major goals of the study are to determine whether there are differences between citations drawn from dissertations and those drawn from journal articles; to test a methodology incorporating both internal and external citation sources; and to explore the citation habits of researchers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subfields. The results reveal variations in how STEM subfields conduct research in career and academic settings and are more nuanced than internal or external citation data alone can provide. The results have practical collection development implications.
Building a Strong Foundation: Mentoring Programs for Novice Tenure-Track Librarians in Academic Libraries
Authors: Goodsett Mandi , Walsh Andrew
Published: October 2015

Increasingly, new librarians graduate to face a world of changing technology and new ways of interacting with information. The anxiety of this shifting environment is compounded for tenure-track librarians who must also meet scholarship and instruction requirements that may be unfamiliar to them. One way that librarians can navigate the transition to tenure-track professional positions is to participate in mentoring programs for new academic librarians. This study examines the effectiveness of mentoring programs for novice tenure-track libraries in a variety of library settings, and provides examples of successful academic library mentoring programs already in place with the intent that librarians use the data and findings to construct or improve their own library mentoring programs.
Student Magnitude Knowledge of Negative Numbers
Authors: Young Laura K. , Booth Julie L.
Published: October 2015

Numerous studies have demonstrated the relevance of magnitude estimation skills for mathematical proficiency, but little research has explored magnitude estimation with negative numbers. In two experiments the current study examined middle school students’ magnitude knowledge of negative numbers with number line tasks. In Experiment 1, both 6th (n = 132) and 7th grade students (n = 218) produced linear representations on a -10,000 to 0 scale, but the 7th grade students’ estimates were more accurate and linear. In Experiment 2, the 7th grade students also completed a -1,000 to 1,000 number line task; these results also indicated that students are linear for both negative and positive estimates. When comparing the estimates of negative and positive numbers, analyses illustrated that estimates of negative numbers are less accurate than those of positive numbers, but using a midpoint strategy improved negative estimates. These findings suggest that negative number magnitude knowledge follows a similar pattern to positive numbers, but the estimation performance of negatives lags behind that of positives.
Suspended particle capture by synthetic vegetation in a laboratory flume
Authors: Fauria Kristen E. , Kerwin Rachel E. , Nover Daniel , Schladow S. Geoffrey
Published: October 2015

Vegetated floodplains and wetlands trap particles, a process that is important for water quality and wetland function and morphology. The rates of particle removal by vegetation remain poorly characterized, especially for small particles and vegetation coated with biofilm. In this study, we measured capture rates of road dust by arrays of grass‐like synthetic vegetation in a laboratory flume. We performed 40 experiments in which stem density, flow velocity, the presence of biofilm, and initial particle concentration varied, and used an in situ particle size analyzer to measure the concentration of a continuous particle size distribution (1.25–250 µm diameter). We fit first‐order decay models to the particle concentration measurements to determine particle capture rates and found that capture rates increased with particle size, stem density, and the presence of biofilm. Capture rates decreased with increasing flow velocity, which suggests that fast flows may resuspend particles from stems. We also calculated percent particle capture efficiencies and fit a new empirical model for capture efficiency to our results. We found that particle capture efficiency was highest for low stem density treatments and propose that stem density affects capture by altering turbulent kinetic energy.
Assessing uncertainties in surface water security: An empirical multimodel approach
Authors: Rodrigues Dulce B. B. , Gupta Hoshin V. , Mendiondo Eduardo M. , Oliveira Paulo Tarso S.
Published: October 2015

Various uncertainties are involved in the representation of processes that characterize interactions among societal needs, ecosystem functioning, and hydrological conditions. Here we develop an empirical uncertainty assessment of water security indicators that characterize scarcity and vulnerability, based on a multimodel and resampling framework. We consider several uncertainty sources including those related to (i) observed streamflow data; (ii) hydrological model structure; (iii) residual analysis; (iv) the method for defining Environmental Flow Requirement; (v) the definition of critical conditions for water provision; and (vi) the critical demand imposed by human activities. We estimate the overall hydrological model uncertainty by means of a residual bootstrap resampling approach, and by uncertainty propagation through different methodological arrangements applied to a 291 km2 agricultural basin within the Cantareira water supply system in Brazil. Together, the two‐component hydrograph residual analysis and the block bootstrap resampling approach result in a more accurate and precise estimate of the uncertainty (95% confidence intervals) in the simulated time series. We then compare the uncertainty estimates associated with water security indicators using a multimodel framework and the uncertainty estimates provided by each model uncertainty estimation approach. The range of values obtained for the water security indicators suggests that the models/methods are robust and performs well in a range of plausible situations. The method is general and can be easily extended, thereby forming the basis for meaningful support to end‐users facing water resource challenges by enabling them to incorporate a viable uncertainty analysis into a robust decision‐making process.