bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis of Mongolian sheeppox and goatpox viruses
Authors: Enkhbaatar Batmagnai , Keisuke Oguma , Hiroshi Sentsui , Dashzevge Erdenechimeg , Yondonjamts Enkhmandakh , Gantulga Ariunbold , Myagmarsuren Odonchimeg , Bazartseren Boldbaatar
Published: February 2021

Sheeppox and goatpox are caused by sheep pox virus (SPPV) and goat pox virus (GTPV), members of Capripoxvirus genus, Poxviridae family. SPPV and GTPV damage host animal’s wool and skin and reduce production of mutton and milk. Because of morbidity and mortality of the diseases, they bring huge economic burden to the country. Main goal was to compare Mongolian sheep pox, goat pox sequences with other strains that were registered in Genebank.

In this study, two SPPV and two GTPV field strains from Mongolia and Perego M strain (Biocombinat SOI, Mongolia), Russian and Chinese alive vaccine strains were used. The common DNA extraction method was used and samples were amplified on a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) which amplify the full p32 gene of Capripoxvirus. The primers were designed based on the conserved sequences just outside of the p32 gene of SPPV or GTPV. By applying this method to the sheep and goat samples, suspected with SPPV and GTPV infection in Mongolia, the nested-PCR products were obtained from all samples on the predicted size, and the presence of SPPV and GTPV were confirmed via full length sequence analysis of P32 gene. Sequence comparison was performed using the online BLAST program. Sequence identities of nucleotides were analyzed using MUSCLE algorithm. A phylogenetic tree derived from nucleotide sequences was constructed for the Capripoxvirus using the neighbor joining method of MEGA (version X) software. Based on the phylogenetic tree, the Mongolian sheep pox virus, 2017 clustered together with Zabaikalsk strain and Perego strain (Biocombinat SOI, Mongolia). The Mongolian sheep pox virus, 2015 was closer to Tunisian and Chinese Gansu, Shanxi province strains. Chinese vaccine strain AV41, sequenced in this study was clustered with EF522181.1 Chinese Goat pox vaccine strain but Russian sheep pox vaccine strain, sequenced in this study was close to Mongolian goat pox viruses, 2009. The present data provides theoretical references to improve the preventive and control strategy. Based on the phylogenetic tree that we made, we conclude that SPPV and GTPV sequences in Mongolia were closer to Chinese SPPV, GTPV sequences therefore they were most likely imported from China.
Results of a study comparing planting time and biomass yield of green manure crops in the steppe zone of Mongolia
Authors: Deriilaamyatav Onon , Bayar Amarsanaa
Published: February 2021

Due to the crop monoculture system which has been 60 years continuously played in a key role in the crop sector Mongolia, soil erosion and its fertility decline have been becoming one of the main pressing issues in all crop zones. The main solution of restoration of soil fertility in the steppe zone of Mongolia is not only to reduce bare fallow but also urgently need to apply green manure in all regions. Our study has focused on identifying the appropriate timing to cultivate green manure crops in the Eastern steppe region of Mongolia and to determine the convenient alternatives of crops with a high yield of biomass to use for green manure.   

We determined the most convenient time to use crop biomass for green manure is between 22-27th.July for the green manure crops cultivated on the 20th of May.

For the crops cultivated on the 30th of May green manure time can be determined between 2-6th. August and for the crops cultivated on the 10th of June the convenient time would be between 10-13th.August.  

We prioritized the best option of the crop alternatives based on the 3 years average yield of green mass and concluded that field pea and oat mixture, Sudan grass, and fodder pea mixture can be one of the convenient options for green manure in the steppe zone of Mongolia. According to our study results, convenient alternatives with the highest root mass were yellow clover (27.5-60.5c/ha) and white lupine (27.5-61.4c/ha). 

In terms of biomass, the convenient alternatives with the highest biomass were the following crops planted on the 20th of May such as mixture of field pea and oat (82.5-112.2c/ha), fodder pea and Sudan grass (67.4-97.0c/ha), as well as Sudan grass (57.1-110.0c/ha. It is considered that in the steppe zone green manure crops can be used for green manure if the biomass of the crops can exceed 40c/ha. [1] The appropriate timing of the planting period should not be later than the 30th of May.
Growth and biomass of siberian elm seedlings (Ulmus pumila L.) grown in tree nursery
Authors: Batsaikhan Gan-Erdene , Suren Myadagmaa , Enkhbayar Batdorj , Dugarjav Delgerjargal
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we studied growth and biomass of 1-2 years old Siberian elm seedlings grown in the tree nursery, near Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Ulmus pumila L. has a wide natural distribution throughout the country. Due to climate change and other factors, environmental degradation has become inevitable in the country and efforts to restore degraded land are made in different regions. Due to its drought and cold resistance, Siberian elm is considered to be one of the most suitable species of tree to be used for restoration and windbreaks. We measured height, diameter and biomass of 1-2 year old seedlings, and composed allometric equation to estimate aboveground and belowground biomass. Equations have high prediction power (R2=0.80-0.96), however, they are more suitable to seedlings and saplings due to difference in the allometric relationship of trees at different ages. We also explored relationship between diameter (at root collar) and height, which was fairly good (R2=0.73).

In order to be able to use the equation to indirectly estimate belowground biomass of seedlings, we estimated Root/shoot ratio of seedlings. Root/shoot ratio was 0.85 for 1-2-year-old seedlings. Belowground biomass estimation can be useful in determining how well the tree can fix soil around it, and draw water and nutrients from the soil. The result of the study can be used for further work concerning the viability of Siberian elm for restoration and windbreaks.
Options for Increasing Mongolia’s Livestock Sector Exports - A Revealed Comparative Advantage Analysis
Authors: Tumur Erdenechuluun , Heijman Wim , Gurjav Enkh-Amgalan , Agipar Bakey , Heerink Nico
Published: February 2021

Mongolia is a country with rich natural resources, including more than 70 million domesticated animals. The livestock sector is the traditional economic sector of Mongolia, and it is a major food source of the nation. Currently, the country faces an overgrazing problem caused by an increase in the number of animals whereas rangeland carrying capacity is limited. Exporting more meat and other products of animal origin has the potential to reduce the livestock population to sustainable levels, reduce overgrazing pressure, and increase the country’s export income. Policies aimed at promoting animal product exports should take the comparative advantages of different types of products of animal origin into account in order to maximize their impact. This paper aims to provide science-based evidence to support such policies by investigating the comparative advantage of meat and other selected products of animal-origin using the revealed comparative advantage index. Official statistics for 81 products over nine years were used for the data analysis. The results suggest that Mongolia’s meat export policy should focus on large volumes and relatively lower processing level products in the short run and should shift to differentiated value-added products in the long run. We recommend that the Government of Mongolia improves its meat sector’s regulation and develops formal supply chains in order to effectively monitor food safety and create high-quality Mongolian brand products of animal origin.
Points of integration between quality management and environmental systems
Authors: Pordeus Eliacy
Published: February 2021

The acceptance of the of Quality Administration System ISO 9000 in the world market is undeniable. Several studies have been registering the results of the companies that have been implanting such system in its productive process, showing as the norm is being interpreted to the reality of several sections. This article seeks to contribute with the description of a quality administration system ISO 9002 in the industrial section of drunk, in a branch of AMBEV. An analysis of the results display a rigid control in the productive process, because a small variation in the production already differentiates the product type. As well as that actions of environmental nature have the documental and operational control accomplished by the quality administration, being rendered the possibility of integration points then among the two administrations.
Organizational culture in police organizations: preliminary analysis of the possibilities of changes
Authors: Villaça Nelson Aparecido Gomes
Published: February 2021

This article aims an approach concerning the organizational culture and the identification of the main difficulties faced while adapting the society’s needs and the law obedience by the Military Police, more specifically in the State of São Paulo. The procedures applied were the exploring research, based on the revision of the organizational culture literature and the observation and information gathering in the Military Corporation. The main results showed that the Military Police presents a complex organizational culture, due to the heterogeneity of its component subgroups. Other important fact was the necessity of training the policemen (multipliers), responsible for transmitting the old and new values created by the Corporation Command, as a way of shaping up the organizational culture to the new participants. At last, the Corporation should be open to include new quality systems in the attending procedures, aiming a more effective and democratic participation of the community.
Modos de representación literaria de la zona gris. Una lectura de dos novelas chilenas
Authors: Hansen Hans Lauge
Published: February 2021

Este artículo realiza una lectura de dos novelas chilenas, El desierto de Carlos Franz (2005) y La vida doble de Arturo Fontaine (2010). Ambas novelas aplican la perspectiva del victimario en la represión violenta de la izquierda política después del golpe de estado de Augusto Pinochet en 1973, pero de forma muy diferente. El artículo contextualiza las dos novelas en relación a un ‘giro victimario’ internacional y la subsiguiente desconstrucción de los patrones narrativos utilizados para representar un pasado violento, y propone un enfoque modal en el análisis comparativo de las dos novelas. El concepto de la "banalidad del mal" de Hannah Arendt y las dos diferentes versiones descritas por Maria Torgovnick, "Eichmann está en todos nosotros" y "todos podríamos ser Eichmann", se aplicarán para describir las diferentes formas con que las novelas conceptualizan y contextualizan las categorías morales.  This article engages with a comparative reading of two contemporary Chilean novels, El desierto by Carlos Franz (The desert, 2005) and La vida doble by Arturo Fontaine (The double life, 2010). Both novels include the perspective of a perpetrator in the violent suppression of the political Left following Augusto Pinochet’s coup d’etat in 1973, but they do so in very different ways. The article contextualizes the novels in relation to a broader, international ‘perpetrator turn’ and the subsequent deconstruction of hegemonic narrative templates used in the representation of the conflicts of the past, and proposes to apply a modal approach to the analysis of the differences between the novels. Hannah Arendt’s concept of the "banality of evil" and Maria Torgovnick’s interpretation of its different possible applications, "Eichmann is in all of us" and "Anyone could be Eichmann", are used to describe the different ways in which the two novels engage with moral categories and social contextualization of ‘evil’.
Minas de Lama
Authors: Felippe Miguel Fernandes , Gonçalves Ricardo Junior de Assis Fernandes , Costa Alfredo , Guimarães Isabel Patrícia Martins Baêta , Oliveira Gabriela Barreto de , Machado Anna Cristina Alvares Ribeiro , Reis Lídia Aparecida dos
Published: February 2021

Apresenta-se aqui o relato da expedição Minas de Lama que ocorreu entre os dias entre os dias 04 e 06 de fevereiro de 2019 ao longo do corredor hídrico do rio Paraopeba, poucos dias após o rompimento a Barragem I da mina Córrego do Feijão (Vale. O recorte que se propõe aqui enfatiza o prisma das transformações da paisagem, do cotidiano e das relações humanas e institucionais provocadas pelo desastre tecnológico, conforme relatado pela população atingida. Utilizou-se, nos levantamentos de campo, o método da entrevista focalizada, de abordagem livre, e que se aplica à exploração de experiências vividas em condições bem definidas. A diversidade dos sujeitos entrevistados em campo teve em conta o papel e a função social que exercem nos diferentes meios em que se inserem. A análise e interpretação deste acervo de discursos foi capaz de levantar elementos capazes de confrontar diferentes pontos de vista, estabelecer inter-relações entre os mesmos, identificando pontos de intercessão, divergência e conflito.
A Tragédia de Mariana
Authors: Bastos Júnia Nogueira , Rios Marcos Luciano , Gomes Ivair , Rocha Leonardo Cristian
Published: February 2021

Após cinco anos do maior desastre ambiental da história do Brasil: o rompimento da barragem de Fundão no município de Mariana, pertencente a empresa Samarco, que causou diversos danos ambientais, econômicos, sociais afetando significativamente o desempenho econômico do Estado do Espírito Santo e Minas Gerais. Nessa perspectiva esse trabalho busca analisar os aspectos socioeconômicos decorrentes dessa tragédia com o enfoque no município de Mariana. O PIB per capita em Mariana, em 2015 antes do desastre era de R$ 55.349,36 após a tragédia em 2016 esse valor caiu para R$ 37.570,69, totalizando uma queda de mais de 1/3 no PIB per capita em apenas um ano. Esse dado reflete a dependência econômica do município em relação a atividade extrativista e toda a rede a ela integrada. Além do declínio econômico, deve-se levar em consideração a perda do patrimônio material e imaterial, que pode gerar intenso sofrimento por vezes quase insuperável. Estudos realizados junto à comunidade de Bento Rodrigues indicam vários danos metais na população diretamente atingida. O desastre da Samarco não pode e não deve ser visto como uma excepcionalidade e sim como uma tragédia quase anunciada.
Os Reservatórios e o Clima
Authors: Pellegrini Claudio de Castro
Published: February 2021

Muito do conhecimento que possuímos atualmente sobre o comportamento do sistema terrestre é proveniente de simulação numérica. Isso se deve ao fato de soluções analíticas para as equações de governo do sistema serem inexistentes, para casos de interesse prático, e dos dados observacionais disponíveis serem esparsos e irregularmente distribuídos no planeta. Em conjunto, essas restrições praticamente impedem investigações por meios analíticos e observacionais nos tempos atuais, obrigando os pesquisadores a recorrer à modelagem computacional. Contudo, simulações numéricas são apenas tão boas quanto o modelo matemático e os dados de entrada utilizados. Por isso, é importante compreender o processo através do qual a dinâmica atmosférica é representada computacionalmente, quais seus limites e quais as suas restrições. Este é um texto introdutório destinado a revisar conceitos importantes de simulação numérica da atmosfera. Ele começa descrevendo resumidamente os programas de computador utilizados para este fim, depois prossegue apresentando o conhecimento atual sobre a influência de grandes corpos de água sobre a baixa atmosfera, parte dele baseados em simulação. Termina realizando um estudo de caso para ilustrar os limites atuais da simulação de alta resolução aplicada ao reservatório de uma grande usina hidroelétrica brasileira.
Levantamento das Estruturas Organizacionais em Organizações Autônomas Descentralizadas Baseadas em Blockchain
Authors: Veloso Alan , Da Costa Leonardo , Pinheiro Billy , Abelém Antônio , Saraiva Filipe
Published: February 2021

As Organizações Autônomas Descentralizadas Baseadas em Blockchain (Blockchain-Based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations - BCDAO) são sistemas que realizam tomadas de decisões visando a segurança. A estrutura organizacional é um aspecto que pode contribuir para a eficiência (e.g., reduzindo gastos redundantes de recursos, esforços e tempo), no entanto, este aspecto não é explicito no desenvolvimento de BCDAO. Neste estudo é apresentado um levantamento das estruturas organizacionais baseadas na literatura de Sistema Multiagente (Multiagent System - MAS) BCDAO, que incluem hierarquia, holarquia, sociedade e mercados. O estudo descreve cada uma das estruturas organizacionais e como elas são empregadas em BCDAO, com o intuito de facilitar a avaliação comparativa de estilos organizacionais. Com isso, objetiva-se permitir a projetistas conhecer o espectro de possibilidades atual e, então, guiar a seleção de uma estrutura organizacional apropriada para um domínio de aplicação particular.
Effect of Grinding Time on the Particle Size Distribution Characteristics of Tuff Powder
Authors: LIU Shuhua , WANG Hao , WANG Hongling
Published: February 2021

We study the grinding dynamic behavior and particle size distribution (PSD) characteristics of tuff powder. With the analysis of particle size and data of activity test, the results indicate that tuff powder is easy to be ground for the coarse-grained while is difficult for the fine-grained. It is feasible to quantitatively express the milling process of tuff powder by Divas-Aliavden milling dynamic equation. The milling speed and the milling time are negatively correlated, and the grinding efficiency is minimized after 60 min. Equivalent particle size (EPS) is positively linearly correlated with the logarithm of grinding time, while specific surface area (SSA) is inversely correlated, both of them have a highly linear correlation. The PSD of tuff powder, which complies well with the Rosin-Rammler-Bennet (RRB) distribution model, has typical fractal characteristics, and its fractal dimension is also positively correlated with the milling time.
Effects of Milling in Hydrogen on Magnesium Hydride with a Hydride-Forming Titanium Additive
Authors: SONG Myoung Youp , CHOI Eunho
Published: February 2021

A hydride-forming element titanium (Ti) was selected as an additive to improve the hydrogen uptake and release properties of MgH2. The hydrogen uptake and release properties of three Ti-added MgH2 alloys [named MgH2-xTi (x = 6, 12, and 15)] prepared by milling in hydrogen (reactive mechanical grinding) were investigated and those of MgH2-12Ti were studied in more detail because it had the highest initial hydrogen uptake and release rates and the largest quantities of hydrogen absorbed and released for 60 min. At the cycle number, n, of one (n = 1), MgH2-12Ti absorbed 4.01 wt.% H for 2.5 min and 6.39 wt.% H for 60 min at 573 K in 12 bar H2, having an effective hydrogen storage capacity of 6.39 wt.%. MgH2-12Ti released 0.44 wt.% H for 2.5 min and 1.86 wt.% H for 60 min at 593 K in 1.0 bar H2. γ-MgH2, TiH1.924, and MgO were formed during reactive mechanical grinding. We believe that the brute forces and tensile, compressive, or shear stresses, which are applied to the materials during reactive mechanical grinding, introduce imperfections, fabricate cracks, expose fresh and clean surfaces, decrease the particle size, and disperse the additive among the particles. The γ-MgH2, TiH1.924, and MgO formed during reactive mechanical grinding and their pulverization during reactive mechanical grinding are believed to make these effects stronger.
Maternal Mortality Ratio in Low Income Developing Countries
Authors: Mehboob Riffat , Amir Gilani Syed , Khalid Sidra , Hassan Amber , Alwazzan Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Maternal mortality (MM) is a matter of serious concern in low income developing countries (LDCs). A great reduction has been observed regarding the maternal deaths globally after huge efforts since 1990 todate. However, the situation continues to be either stagnant or worsening in developing countries, suggesting that the efforts to cope with this issue are either insufficient or not properly implemented. We need to first diagnose the problem areas that are a great hurdle in the road to success towards the reduction of MM. Postpartum hemorrhage and preeclampsia are one of the most common causes of MM. Malnutrition, neurological dysfunction and cancer are among the non-obstetric causes. Trained medical and paramedical staff can be of great help in this regard by increasing awareness among masses at grass root level. Target set by Millennium Development goal has minimized the MM by 44%. But it has not met the target set by Millenium Development Goals 5 and a lot of measures need to be taken in this regard. Majority of the MDs are preventable and can be avoided by adopting appropriate frameworks, linked data sets, surveillance, birth attendants training, preparation for births, etc. Delay in decision to get healthcare, access to healthcare center and receiving these facilities are the main factors in MM.
An Emphasis on Quantum Cryptography and Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: V. Srividya Bharadwaja , Sasi Smitha
Published: February 2021

The application of internet has spiked up in the present-day scenario, as the exchange of information made between two parties happens in public environment. Hence privacy of information plays an important role in our day to day life. There have been incredible developments made in the field of cryptography resulting in modern cryptography at its zenith. Quantum computers are one among them creating fear into security agencies across the world. Solving the complex mathematical calculations is uncomplicated using quantum computers which results in breaking the keys of modern cryptography, which cannot be broken using classical computers. The concept of quantum physics, into the cryptographic world has resulted in the advancement of quantum cryptography. This technique utilizes the idea of key generation by photons, and communicates between peer entities by secured channel. Quantum cryptography adapts quantum mechanical principles like Heisenberg Uncertainty principle and photon polarization principle to provide secure communication between two parties. This article focuses on generation of a secret shared key, later converted into Quantum bits (Qbits) and transmitted to the receiver securely.
Fecal Virome Transplantation
Authors: Lin Derek , C. Lin Henry
Published: February 2021

The gut virome consists of a large population of eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses that have an emerging role in human health and disease. Growing evidence for the importance of the virome includes recent findings on fecal virome transplantation (FVT) that suggest FVT may have therapeutic potential for the resolution of dysbiosis and treatment of dysbiosis-related disorders. Most viruses in the gut virome are bacteriophages (phages), which have a well-established role in regulating bacterial communities across environments. Phages also influence health and disease by interacting directly with the host immune system. The full extent to which gut phages should be considered as both a target and a tool for microbiome modulation remains to be seen. This chapter will explore the current understanding of the gut virome and the therapeutic potential for FVT.
Generating the Voice of the Interactive Virtual Assistant
Authors: Stan Adriana , Lőrincz Beáta
Published: February 2021

This chapter introduces an overview of the current approaches for generating spoken content using text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) systems, and thus the voice of an Interactive Virtual Assistant (IVA). The overview builds upon the issues which make spoken content generation a non-trivial task, and introduces the two main components of a TTS system: text processing and acoustic modelling. It then focuses on providing the reader with the minimally required scientific details of the terminology and methods involved in speech synthesis, yet with sufficient knowledge so as to be able to make the initial decisions regarding the choice of technology for the vocal identity of the IVA. The speech synthesis methodologies’ description begins with the basic, easy to run, low-requirement rule-based synthesis, and ends up within the state-of-the-art deep learning landscape. To bring this extremely complex and extensive research field closer to commercial deployment, an extensive indexing of the readily and freely available resources and tools required to build a TTS system is provided. Quality evaluation methods and open research problems are, as well, highlighted at end of the chapter.
Quality of Information within Internet of Things Data
Authors: Alcañiz Tomás , González-Vidal Aurora , P. Ramallo Alfonso , F. Skarmeta Antonio
Published: February 2021

Due to the increasing number of IoT devices, the amount of data gathered nowadays is rather large and continuously growing. The availability of new sensors presented in IoT devices and open data platforms provides new possibilities for innovative applications and use-cases. However, the dependence on data for the provision of services creates the necessity of assuring the quality of data to ensure the viability of the services. In order to support the evaluation of the valuable information, this chapter shows the development of a series of metrics that have been defined as indicators of the quality of data in a quantifiable, fast, reliable, and human-understandable way. The metrics are based on sound statistical indicators. Statistical analysis, machine learning algorithms, and contextual information are some of the methods to create quality indicators. The developed framework is also suitable for deciding between different datasets that hold similar information, since until now with no way of rapidly discovering which one is best in terms of quality had been developed. These metrics have been applied to real scenarios which have been smart parking and environmental sensing for smart buildings, and in both cases, the methods have been representative for the quality of the data.
Credentialing Proton Centers for Clinical Trials
Authors: A. Taylor Paige
Published: February 2021

This chapter will provide an overview of quality assurance processes to credential proton therapy centers for clinical trial participation. There are a number of credentialing audit steps, including independent output verification, anthropomorphic phantom audits, image guidance credentialing, knowledge assessments, and on-site dosimetry review. The purpose of these credentialing steps is to ensure consistency across proton centers participating in clinical trials, and well as comparability with photon centers for randomized trials. This uniformity ensures high quality data for measuring patient outcomes, which are pivotal at a time when proton therapy is being assessed for superior outcomes.
Metabolic Syndrome in Reproductive Health: Urgent Call for Screening
Authors: M. Baloyi Shisana , Mokwena Kebogile
Published: February 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MetSy) is a compilation of interrelated pathologic conditions characterized by central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidaemia. The prevalence of MetSy is rising globally. There is growing evidence which linked the individual components of MetSy to the increasing prevalence of poor reproductive health in both the male and female community. This text reviews the recent evidence associating MetSy to poor reproductive health as well as the underlying pathophysiology. The aims to study the relationship between MetSy and reproductive health. The effects of MetSy on fertility were examined and supporting evidence explaining the pathophysiology of dysfunction with each MetSy component extracted from the following medical databases, including CINAHL, MED- LINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and ERIC were described. Noncommunicable disease is rising at an alarming rate globally. Metabolic disorders like hyperlipidaemia, obesity, and insulin resistance can directly or indirectly affect the reproductive health and fertility in both men and women through the interruption of hypothalamic – pituitary – gonadal axis functions. Metabolic syndrome’s adverse effects are likely transgenerational (Barker hypothesis), where children born to obese mothers are at increased risk for obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. Therefore MetSy deserves attention and screening should be upscaled at all contacts for all age group of patients to save the future generations.
Revisiting 12-Step Approaches: An Evidence-Based Perspective
Authors: Greene Dorothy
Published: February 2021

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is the longest-running mutual aid group for people with alcohol use disorders, and AA turned 85 years old in 2020. Though there has been much criticism regarding AA and other 12-step programs, there has been an equal amount of evidence to support their efficacy. This chapter explores the history of AA and other 12-step approaches, the foundational philosophy of the 12-steps, the key elements that support recovery, cultural considerations for special populations, and a review of the criticisms as well as strengths of 12-step approaches. The chapter concludes with recommendations for the integration of the approach into clinical practice.
Improving International Health Security in Resource-Scarce Regions: Leveraging upon the Initial Success of Combating COVID-19 to Fight Emerging Health Threats
Authors: Lawer Egbenya Daniel
Published: February 2021

In this Chapter, an overview of health security in different regions of the world will be considered with emphasis on the situation in low resource settings such as the global south and Asia since they share a lot in common. Additionally, how countries in these areas, especially sub-Saharan Africa, used existing health infrastructure, local resources and policy to somehow successfully (at least, presently) combat the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic will be elucidated. Ways in which the current approach being adopted by these countries could be used to fight other emerging health conditions such as rising cases of cardiovascular and chronic conditions in these countries will be considered in this Chapter. These measures may boost and ensure sustainability of overall healthcare capacities of these countries.
Citizen X: Exploring Connectedness and Engagement: Among Engaged Youth - An Existential Analysis
Authors: Cameron Kelly Diann
Published: February 2021

What value do we place on being engaged? Civic engagement connects us to social institutions that enhance well-being, self-worth and quality of life satisfaction. Yet, for youth (ages 18–22), there exists the phenomena of civic engagement in spite of isolation, lack of skills or discrimination. This article explores the explicit and implicit meanings of civic engagement among our youth, and the elements needed to achieve meaning in their lives – even through civic engagement. This analysis explores the interpretation of civic engagement among youth, and the individuals who present as connected and engaged. Forty individuals were surveyed with 18 comprising the youth group (ages 20–22). The results show the types of civic duties they participated in and the relationship to their satisfaction with their quality of life. It is believed that the respondents who presented as most connected and engaged were those who were saturated with strong civic messages pre-adolescence. These individuals presented a strong sense of hope, a conscious choice in serving others and a strong sense of community that are central to existential theory.
Dysphagia Associated with Neurological Disorders
Authors: I. Ershov Vadim
Published: February 2021

Neurogenic dysphagia is characterized by problems with neural control of swallowing caused by various neurological diseases: vascular diseases, traumatic diseases, neoplasms, infections, neuromuscular diseases, and others. In patients of intensive care units after long-term intubation and extubation may evolve “postextubation dysphagia”, characterized by the “learned non-use” phenomenon. Neurogenic dysphagia is a component of bulbar or pseudobulbar palsy, depending on the level of the neurological lesion. Diagnoses of neurogenic dysphagia include clinical examination (water swallow test), videofluoroscopy, upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy and manometry, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, a grade of Penetration-Aspiration Scale, and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Scale. Dysphagia complications (malnutrition, dehydration, weight loss, aspiration, and respiratory tract obstruction) associated with bad functional recovery and life prognosis, so neurogenic dysphagia need a complex treatment: correct feeding pattern of caloric value and consistency, methods of oral cavity mucosa sensitivity stimulation, swallowing process stimulation, physiotherapeutic treatment methods (electrical stimulation of the larynx and tongue root), logopedic exercises therapy, surgical correction, lifestyle correction, and others. Sometimes it is a need for replacement therapy method by nasogastric tube and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, parenteral feeding in several cases. Neurogenic dysphagia patient rehabilitation includes the “swallowing enhancement” method with optimal food consistency and training method after correct preparation of the oral cavity for swallowing. Neurogenic dysphagia patient oral feeding requires correct technique and contact with the patient for safety and efficient recovery.
Special Considerations in Pediatric Abdominal Surgeries
Authors: El Rifai Arwa , Zaghal Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Pediatric surgery, as a specialty, pertains to the diagnosis, treatment and operative management of pediatric patients with congenital as well as acquired pathologies. The physiology and functional reserve of children is different than adults and this necessitates special considerations when dealing with this subgroup of patients. This includes careful anesthesia planning, perioperative care, as well as in-depth knowledge and appreciation of anatomic variations and operative techniques.
Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Healing Strategies of COVID-19
Authors: Bhowmik Basanta
Published: February 2021

In the present chapter, some notable features (epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics) regarding recent outbreak COVID-19 have been reviewed. Most significant features related to COVID-19 such as (i) roots of infection and disease manifestation, (ii) shape and structure of viral S-protein, (iii) genome sequence study and replication in host cell, (iv) role of environmental factors, (v) diagnosis tools and (vi) role of biosensor have been critically investigated. The biological and behavioral risk factors for pregnant women before and after child birth have been dictated clearly. Pulmonary abnormalities due to COVID-19 of the patient having diabetes, cancer etc. history have been clarified with help of CT imaging. Finally, prevention and cure strategies adopted by many health professionals based on the existing drugs are mentioned with their side effects.
Uncomfortable Truths
Authors: Kaur Singh Jaspal ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2021

As a postcolonial scholar and professor from more than one postcolony, the author knows the British colonizers’ “Divide and Rule” policies and their use of colonial binaries disseminated through the English education system continue to haunt the postcolonies and the diaspora even today. Therefore, awareness that decolonization has been successful only to an extent, as we continue to have internalized racism and oppression, and knowing that pandemics, like the COVID-19, will continue to decimate humanity while the former colonizers, in the form of globalism, will continue to exploit and destroy humans, nonhumans and the earth, the author argues that we need to redefine knowledge so we may learn to speak in altered ways to create change. She shares her stories of struggles and attempts at resistance to colonialism, ideas of modernity, and globalism to speak to generations to come, so that humanity may become interconnected and compassionate in our love for each other and work together toward justice for all through new decolonial epistemologies and ontologies.
Ideological and psychological predictors of COVID-19-related collective action, opinions, and health compliance across three nations
Authors: Choma Becky L. , Hodson Gordon , Sumantry David , Hanoch Yaniv , Gummerum Michaela
Published: February 2021

Until vaccines or treatments are widely available and used, behavioral change (e.g. social distancing) on an unparalleled collective scale is the chief way to curb the spread of COVID-19. Relying on ideology and collective action models as conceptual frameworks, in the present study the role of ideological and psychological factors in COVID-19-related opinions, health compliance behaviors, and collective action were examined in three countries. Results, examining country as a moderator, showed some politically conservative orientations, especially social dominance orientation, relate to less collective action, less support of measures to manage COVID-19, and lower compliance. Variables, including empathy for those affected by COVID-19 and group efficacy also predicted COVID-19-related attitudes and behavior. Belief in science and perceived risk also emerged as key factors to impact compliance-related attitudes and behaviors. Implications for motivating collective compliance are discussed.
Sistema edáfico: principais indicadores químicos, físicos e biológicos
Authors: Ozório Jefferson Matheus Barros , Oliveira Naelmo de Souza , Souza Camila Beatriz da Silva , Farias Paulo Guilherme da Silva , Menezes Roniedison da Silva , Rosset Jean Sérgio
Published: February 2021

O entendimento sobre qualidade do solo é de extrema importância diante dos impactos provocados pelos sistemas de produção, principalmente em ambientes tropicais, onde o clima tem influência direta no funcionamento do sistema edáfico. Diante disso o objetivo do presente estudo foi apresentar alguns indicadores de qualidade químicos, físicos e biológicos em sistemas de produção. O artigo traz alguns dos principais métodos de avaliação de qualidade física, química e biológica, além de indicar a sensibilidade das variáveis em responder às modificações provocadas pela conversão de áreas naturais em sistemas de manejo agrícola. No final, o artigo coloca uma abordagem sobre a fauna do solo e sua importância para o funcionamento do ecossistema edáfico, tornando um parâmetro sensível em evidenciar a modificação no uso do solo.
Caracterização florística e fitossociológica em uma unidade de conservação, no município de Belém, Pará
Authors: Neves José Almir Sampaio , Almeida Eliane Francisca de , Nunes Henriqueta da Conceição Brito , Lima Júnior Antônio Carlos Rodrigues de , Anjos Eduardo Maximiano Furtado dos , Rodrigues Aryane Rafaela Monteiro , Paula Manoel Tavares de
Published: February 2021

O trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os aspectos sobre a composição florística e fitossociológica, em um fragmento de parque municipal de Belém, no estado do Pará. Foi realizado o método de parcelas múltiplas, através da implantação de 40 parcelas, com dimensões de 20 x 25 m, totalizando 20.000 m² (2ha) aleatorias. A Família Fabaceae foi a que apresentou maior riqueza com 6 espécies. A diversidade apresentou  3,53 nats. ind-1, a espécie Tapirira guianenses Aubl se destacou com maior valor de importância  na área. Portanto a  comunidade florestal presente no fragmento florestal do Parque Municipal da Ilha de Mosqueiro, apresenta diferenças na riqueza e na diversidade das espécies arbóreas tropicais.
Produção de Zínnia elegans em substratos a base de bagana de carnaúba
Authors: Barroso Vanessa Brito , Pachêco Maurivan Barbosa , Moraes Lídia Ferreira , Moura Monik Silva de , Pereira Ramón Yuri Ferreira , Conceição Aldenice Oliveira , Oliveira Neto Edson Dias de , Ramos Dário de Sousa , Costa Romário Martins , Matos Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva
Published: February 2021

O cultivo de flores com o passar dos anos tem crescido e ganhado espaço no mercado agrícola. Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento da produção de mudas de Zínnia elegans Jacq., em substratos a base de bagana de carnaúba (BC) (Copernicia prunifera) no município de Chapadinha - MA. O experimento foi realizado no período de abril a junho de 2019 em casa de vegetação com controle de luminosidade 70%, no Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (CCAA) da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA). Foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos de substratos formulados a base de bagana de carnaúba nas proporções de 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% de BC acrescido de solo. Com substrato obtido a partir de bagana de carnaúba misturado ao solo (Latossolo Amarelo distrófico) a obtenção do desenvolvimento da espécie até o momento da floração, obtendo uma melhor qualidade. O substrato alternativo proporcionou melhoria na altura da planta com (57,19% de BC), volume radicular (70,92% de BC), massa fresca radicular com (66,81% de BC) e massa fresca parte aérea com uma proporção de (59,33% de BC). É recomendado o uso de 40% BC e 60% de solo como substrato para produção de zínia.
Udlån af erfaringer
Authors: Thorsen Anna Arendse
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate how an increasing fraction of the Danish libraries over the last years has experimented with lending of non-traditional materials. The main purpose is to examine how library staff can develop non-traditional lending initiatives that support a user-to-user exchange of experiences. The paper’s main contribution is the presentation of a model, “Erfaringsudlånsmodellen” (“The model of Experience Lending”), which describes how the cultural communication strategy of co-creation can be combined with the lending of non-traditional materials, which will result in an extension of the library collection that in the future can contain not only the materials, but the patrons’ experiences with the materials as well. A number of Danish and foreign examples of the lending of non-traditional materials are reviewed. Afterwards, two specific Danish alternative lending initiatives are investigated further. These are Valby’s Library’s “FrøLab” (“SeedLab”) and Risskov Library’s “Man Bliver Glad af Surdej!” (“Sourdough makes you happy!”) The lending design of these initiatives is discussed, and it is stated that the initiatives combine knowledge sharing tools with co-creation to facilitate an exchange of experience between users. This lending design is formalized in the model of Experience Lending, which is presented and discussed.
«Fons curarum; fluvius lachrymarum»: Three Variations Upon A Petrachan Theme (Christine de Pisan, Fernando de Rojas and Fray Luis de Granada)
Authors: Hook David
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Celestina, Tragicomedia de Calixto y Melibea
Authors: Tal Fulano de
Published: February 2021

N/A
Sobre las fuentes históricas de «...eclipse hay mañana, etc.», y su posible incidencia en acto I de Celestina
Authors: Forcadas Albert M.
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Otras ponencias
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
La cambiante faz de La Celestina: cinco adaptaciones de fines del siglo XVI
Authors: Fothergill-Payne Louise
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Los refranes en Celestina y el problema de su autoría
Authors: Cantalapiedra Fernando
Published: February 2021

No disponibles.
«Haba morisca», ¿haba marisca?
Authors: Ferreccio Podesta Mario
Published: February 2021

No disponible.
Tres Celestinas en cinco meses en España
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Celestina en un escenario londinense
Authors: Snow Joseph T.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Nutritional evaluation of unripe plantain, moringa seed and defatted sesame seed cookies
Authors: Sodipo Mopelola , O. Oluwamukomi Matthew , A. Oderinde Zianab , O. Awolu Olugbenga
Published: February 2021

Cookies are widely consumed all over the world and can bring important nutrients, especially to children. Composite flours consisting of plantain, moringa seed and sesame seeds were used to produce cookies in this study. Response surface methodology was employed in setting up the cookie’s formulation. The samples with the best protein and fibre contents were sample F (71.34% plantain, 6.66% moringa and 22.00% sesame seed, with 14.08% protein and 3.02% fibre) and sample I (68.00% plantain, 10.00% moringa and 22.00% sesame seed, with 14.35% protein and 2.29% fibre). Cookies from 100% wheat flour were prepared as control. The protein, fat, ash and crude fibre contents of formulated cookies were significantly (p≤0.05) higher than control, whereas carbohydrate content was lower. There was no significant difference between the formulated cookies and the control in terms of overall acceptability, aroma and crunchiness. The formulated cookies showed higher biological value, net protein utilization, true digestibility, protein efficiency ratio, net protein ratio and protein retention efficiency than control, resulting in a significant increase in rat growth and development. The composite cookies containing unripe plantain, moringa seed and defatted sesame, at the blending ratio obtained in this study showed better nutritional quality than control cookies. These composite cookies, therefore, would be suitable for mitigating protein-energy malnutrition in children.
LAP2alpha maintains a mobile and low assembly state of A-type lamins in the nuclear interior
Authors: Naetar Nana , Georgiou Konstantina , Knapp Christian , Bronshtein Irena , Zier Elisabeth , Fichtinger Petra , Dechat Thomas , Garini Yuval , Foisner Roland
Published: February 2021

Lamins form stable filaments at the nuclear periphery in metazoans. Unlike B-type lamins, lamins A and C localize also in the nuclear interior, where they interact with lamin-associated polypeptide 2 alpha (LAP2α). Using antibody labeling, we previously observed a depletion of nucleoplasmic A-type lamins in mouse cells lacking LAP2α. Here, we show that loss of LAP2α actually causes formation of larger, biochemically stable lamin A/C structures in the nuclear interior that are inaccessible to lamin A/C antibodies. While nucleoplasmic lamin A forms from newly expressed pre-lamin A during processing and from soluble mitotic lamins in a LAP2α-independent manner, binding of LAP2α to lamin A/C during interphase inhibits formation of higher order structures, keeping nucleoplasmic lamin A/C in a mobile state independent of lamin A/C S22 phosphorylation. We propose that LAP2α is essential to maintain a mobile lamin A/C pool in the nuclear interior, which is required for proper nuclear functions.
Pressing issues in education - a discussion
Authors: Biseth Heidi , Holmarsdottir Halla
Published: February 2021

Editorial discussion in an audio file - available for download on the right-hand side column - 7,5 minutes.