bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intensity and Stationarity Analysis of Land Use Change Based on CART Algorithm
Authors: Sang Xiao , Guo Qiaozhen , Wu Xiaoxu , Fu Ying , Xie Tongyao , He Chengwei , Zang Jinlong
Published: August 2019

Land use directly reflects degree of human development and utilization of land. Intensity analysis of land use is a quantitative method to analyze land use changes. In this paper, land use changes in Tianjin were studied using Thematic Mapper (TM) remote sensing images in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and Operational Land Imager (OLI) remote sensing image in 2015. Land use information was extracted using decision tree classification method based on CART (Classification and Regression Trees) algorithm. This paper introduced land use intensity analysis to analyze its change intensity and stationarity, respectively at interval, category and transition levels. Based on the theory, new models were developed in the transition level to analyze land use change pattern. The analysis quantifies the contribution of a certain land categories to land use change during a specific time interval. The change of land use during 1995–2015 indicated that Tianjin experienced rapid urban development with the area of urban land increased by about 7.5%. This study provided a reference for the sustainable development of land use in Tianjin.
Genotoxicity and glucose tolerance induction by acetyltriethylcitrate, substitute plasticizer compared to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Authors: Lee Jae-Wook , Lee Seok Jong , Gye Myung Chan , Moon Eun-Yi
Published: August 2019

As di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of phthalates, is classified as probable human carcinogens in EPA, acetyltriethyl citrate(ATEC), one of aliphatic esters, could be applied to DEHP substitute. ATEC is used as plasticizers in cosmetics and nail products. Here, we studied whether ATEC might have genotoxic potential and induce glucose tolerance as compared to DEHP. Genotoxicity was determined by Ames test with histidine-requiring Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537) and tryptophan-requiring Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA(pKM101)) strains, chromosomal aberration assay with Chinese hamster lung(CHL/IU) cells, and micronucleus test with bone marrow cells of CD-1 mice. The number of revertants was not significantly changed in Ames test. The frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations was less than 5% in ATEC- or DEHP-treated cells for 6 or 24 h. In addition, no statistically significant increase was observed for the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and for the ratio of PCE among total erythrocytes at 24 or 48 h after the treatment of mice with ATEC or DEHP. In the meanwhile, blood glucose level (BGL) was increased by the treatment of mice with DEHP or ATEC for 5 consecutive days. Additional 7 days later, BGL by DEHP was recovered to normal level, but not that by ATEC. Then, taken together, our results suggest that ATEC could disrupt glucose metabolism under our experimental conditions. Therefore, although DEHP and ATEC may not be genotoxic, our data should be helpful for persons with the problem in glucose metabolism to choose products containing DEHP or ATEC.
Botryane terpenoids produced by Nemania bipapillata, an endophytic fungus isolated from red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis - Falkenbergia stage
Authors: Medina Rebeca P. , Araujo Angela R. , Batista João M. , Cardoso Carmen L. , Seidl Cláudia , Vilela Adriana F. L. , Domingos Helori V. , Costa-Lotufo Leticia V. , Andersen Raymond J. , Silva Dulce H. S.
Published: August 2019

A chemical study of the EtOAc extract of Nemania bipapillata (AT-05), an endophytic fungus isolated from the marine red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis - Falkenbergia stage, led to the isolation of five new botryane sesquiterpenes, including the diastereomeric pair (+)-(2R,4S,5R,8S)-(1) and (+)-(2R,4R,5R,8S)-4-deacetyl-5-hydroxy-botryenalol (2), (+)-(2R,4S,5R,8R)-4-deacetyl-botryenalol (3), one pair of diastereomeric botryane norsesquiterpenes bearing an unprecedented degraded carbon skeleton, (+)-(2R,4R,8R)-(4) and (+)-(2R,4S,8S)-(5), which were named nemenonediol A and nemenonediol B, respectively, in addition to the known 4β-acetoxy-9β,10β,15α-trihydroxyprobotrydial (6). Their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS and comparison with literature data of similar known compounds. The absolute configurations of 2, 3 and 4 were deduced by comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, while those of 1 and 5 were assigned from vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) data. Compound 4 weakly inhibited acetylcholinesterase, whereas compound 1 inhibited both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Compounds 1, 3, 5 and 6 were tested against two carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and HCT-116), but showed no significant citotoxicity at tested concentrations (IC50 > 50 µM).
Insoluble solids at high concentrations repress yeast’s response against stress and increase intracellular ROS levels
Authors: Moreno Antonio D. , González-Fernández Cristina , Ballesteros Mercedes , Tomás-Pejó Elia
Published: August 2019

Lignocellulosic ethanol production requires high substrate concentrations for its cost-competitiveness. This implies the presence of high concentrations of insoluble solids (IS) at the initial stages of the process, which may limit the fermentation performance of the corresponding microorganism. The presence of 40–60% IS (w/w) resulted in lower glucose consumption rates and reduced ethanol volumetric productivities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae F12. Yeast cells exposed to IS exhibited a wrinkled cell surface and a reduced mean cell size due to cavity formation. In addition, the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased up to 40%. These ROS levels increased up to 70% when both lignocellulose-derived inhibitors and IS were simultaneously present. The general stress response mechanisms (e.g. DDR2, TPS1 or ZWF1 genes, trehalose and glycogen biosynthesis, and DNA repair mechanisms) were found repressed, and ROS formation could not be counteracted by the induction of the genes involved in repairing the oxidative damage such as glutathione, thioredoxin and methionine scavenging systems (e.g. CTA1, GRX4, MXR1, and TSA1; and the repression of cell cycle progression, CLN3). Overall, these results clearly show the role of IS as an important microbial stress factor that affect yeast cells at physical, physiological, and molecular levels.
MitCHAP-60 and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia SPG-13 Arise from an Inactive hsp60 Chaperonin that Fails to Fold the ATP Synthase β-Subunit
Authors: Wang Jinliang , Enriquez Adrian S. , Li Jihui , Rodriguez Alejandro , Holguin Bianka , Von Salzen Daniel , Bhatt Jay M. , Bernal Ricardo A.
Published: August 2019

The human mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) is a tetradecameric chaperonin that folds proteins in the mitochondrial matrix. An hsp60 D3G mutation leads to MitCHAP-60, an early onset neurodegenerative disease while hsp60 V72I has been linked to SPG13, a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Previous studies have suggested that these mutations impair the protein folding activity of hsp60 complexes but the detailed mechanism by which these mutations lead the neuromuscular diseases remains unknown. It is known, is that the β-subunit of the human mitochondrial ATP synthase co-immunoprecipitates with hsp60 indicating that the β-subunit is likely a substrate for the chaperonin. Therefore, we hypothesized that hsp60 mutations cause misfolding of proteins that are critical for aerobic respiration. Negative-stain electron microscopy and DLS results suggest that the D3G and V72I complexes fall apart when treated with ATP or ADP and are therefore unable to fold denatured substrates such as α-lactalbumin, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and the β-subunit of ATP synthase in in-vitro protein-folding assays. These data suggests that hsp60 plays a crucial role in folding important players in aerobic respiration such as the β-subunit of the ATP synthase. The hsp60 mutations D3G and V72I impair its ability to fold mitochondrial substrates leading to abnormal ATP synthesis and the development of the MitCHAP-60 and SPG13 neuromuscular degenerative disorders.
Cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation promotes changes in the intestinal microbiome in mice
Authors: Cabrera-Rubio Raul , Patterson Angela M. , Cotter Paul D. , Beraza Naiara
Published: August 2019

Increasing evidence point to the relevance of intestinal disfunction and changes in the microbiome composition during chronic liver disease. More specifically, recent studies have highlighted that cholestatic diseases associate with a reduction in the microbiome diversity in patients. Still, the dynamics of the changes in the microbiome composition observed, as well as their implication in contributing to the pathogenesis of this disease remain largely undefined. Hence, experimental mouse models resembling the human pathogenesis are crucial to move forward our understanding on the mechanisms underpinning cholestatic disease and to enable the development of effective therapeutics. Our results show that the bile duct ligation (BDL) experimental model of cholestasis leads to rapid and significant changes in the microbiome diversity, with more than 100 OTUs being significantly different in faecal samples obtained from WT mice at 3 days and 7 days after BDL when compared to control animals. Changes in the microbial composition in mice after BDL included the enrichment ofAkkermansia,Prevotella,Bacteroidesandunclassified Ruminococcaceaein parallel with a drastic reduction of the presence ofFaecalibacterium prausnitzii. In conclusion, our results support that bile duct ligation induces changes in the microbiome that partly resemble the gut microbial changes observed during human cholestatic disease.
Physical performance reflects cognitive function, fall risk, and quality of life in community-dwelling older people
Authors: Ikegami Shota , Takahashi Jun , Uehara Masashi , Tokida Ryosuke , Nishimura Hikaru , Sakai Ayaka , Kato Hiroyuki
Published: August 2019

This report searched for relationships between physical performance and other health indices through a detailed investigation of a randomly sampled cohort from a basic town resident registry. Residents between the age of 50 and 89 years were randomly sampled from the basic resident registry of a cooperating town for construction of a 415-participant cohort that minimized selection bias. Cognitive function measures, annual fall frequency, and SF-8 as an HRQOL measure were the outcomes of interest. The impact of physical function on outcomes was predicted using multivariate regression models with age and gender as covariates. Knee muscle strength, grip strength, one-leg standing time, and two-step test score had a significant impact on cognitive scores and SF-8 physical component summary scores. A shift of -1 standard deviation for grip strength, the stand-up test, and the two-step test increased fall risk by 39%, 23%, and 38%, respectively. In conclusion, diminished physical performance is related to serious problems in older individuals, specifically cognitive deterioration, increased fall risk, and inability to maintain HRQOL. These factors are independent of age and gender. Thus, the higher physical function can be maintained in older people, the better the other conditions appear to remain.
Extraction of Light Using Random Nanocone on Poly(vinyl-butyral) for Flexible OLEDs
Authors: Lee Dong Jun , Yoon In Seon , Park Cheol Hwee , Choi Junhee , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong-Kwon
Published: August 2019

In this study, we designed a smooth, highly flexible, mechanically robust poly(vinyl-butyral) (PVB)/silver nanowire (AgNW) composite transparent conducting electrode (TCE) integrated with a random nanocone (RNC) to enhance the light extraction of flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The RNC was fabricated by reactive-ion etching (RIE) on AgNW embedded in PVB. As the etching time increased, the size of the RNC became larger. The sheet resistance and transmittance of PVB/AgNW with the RNC was 21.7 Ω/sq and ~87%, respectively. For the PVB/AgNW, the change in sheet resistance was only 2.6% when a 2,000-bend test was performed. The maximum external quantum efficiency was 28.3% when RNC 700 s was used as a green phosphorescent OLED. In addition, for current efficiency and power efficiency, RNC 700 s increased 1.4 times over RNC 0 s. RNC is free of viewing-angle-dependent color and brightness distortion. PVB/AgNW and RNC are practical ways to overcome the brittleness of conventional indium tin oxide and improve the efficiency of flexible OLEDs. Finally, this product is expected to be applied to various flexible optical devices.
Achieving circular-to-linear polarization conversion and beam deflection simultaneously using anisotropic coding metasurfaces
Authors: Jing Yao , Li Yongfeng , Zhang Jieqiu , Wang Jiafu , Feng Maochang , Qiu Tianshuo , Wang He , Han Yajuan , Ma Hua , Qu Shaobo
Published: August 2019

An anisotropic coding metasurface (CM) is proposed for achieving circular-to-linear polarization conversion and beam deflection. Different phase coding consequences were independently achieved for two orthogonal linear polarized (LP) waves. Thus by elaborately designing coding sequences of the metasurfaces, different functions can be achieved, respectively for waves polarized along two orthogonal directions. More importantly, for circularly polarized (CP) wave, anisotropic CM can achieve circular-to-linear polarization conversion and beam deflection simultaneously. As a proof, a 1-bit anisotropic CM with 0101…/0101… and 0000…/1111… coding sequences respectively for two orthogonal LP waves was designed. The simulation results indicated that the incident CP wave is deflected into two x-polarized waves in x-o-z plane and two y-polarized waves in y-o-z plane. Both the simulation and experimental results verify the circular-to-linear polarization conversion performance of the anisotropic coding metasurfaces. The proposed anisotropic coding metasurfaces have the potential for the applications of multifunctional devices.
Automated real-time monitoring of human pluripotent stem cell aggregation in stirred tank reactors
Authors: Schwedhelm Ivo , Zdzieblo Daniela , Appelt-Menzel Antje , Berger Constantin , Schmitz Tobias , Schuldt Bernhard , Franke Andre , Müller Franz-Josef , Pless Ole , Schwarz Thomas , Wiedemann Philipp , Walles Heike , Hansmann Jan
Published: August 2019

The culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) at large scale becomes feasible with the aid of scalable suspension setups in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). Innovative monitoring options and emerging automated process control strategies allow for the necessary highly defined culture conditions. Next to standard process characteristics such as oxygen consumption, pH, and metabolite turnover, a reproducible and steady formation of hiPSC aggregates is vital for process scalability. In this regard, we developed a hiPSC-specific suspension culture unit consisting of a fully monitored CSTR system integrated into a custom-designed and fully automated incubator. As a step towards cost-effective hiPSC suspension culture and to pave the way for flexibility at a large scale, we constructed and utilized tailored miniature CSTRs that are largely made from three-dimensional (3D) printed polylactic acid (PLA) filament, which is a low-cost material used in fused deposition modelling. Further, the monitoring tool for hiPSC suspension cultures utilizes in situ microscopic imaging to visualize hiPSC aggregation in real-time to a statistically significant degree while omitting the need for time-intensive sampling. Suitability of our culture unit, especially concerning the developed hiPSC-specific CSTR system, was proven by demonstrating pluripotency of CSTR-cultured hiPSCs at RNA (including PluriTest) and protein level.
Organic electrosynthesis: electrochemical alkyne functionalization
Authors: Martins Guilherme M. , Shirinfar Bahareh , Hardwick Tomas , Murtaza Ayesha , Ahmed Nisar
Published: August 2019

We outline examples of electrochemical alkyne functionalization reactions in connection with green and sustainable chemistry that proceed with excellent atom economy.
Amorphous MnO2 surviving calcination: an efficient catalyst for ozone decomposition
Authors: Yu Yi , Liu Shuilian , Ji Jian , Huang Haibao
Published: August 2019

Calcination at 300 °C of amorphous MnO2 maintains the structure and results in superior stability owing to the enhanced water-resistant ability.
Recent progress in the application of group 1, 2 & 13 metal complexes as catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters
Authors: Gao Jiahao , Zhu Dongzhi , Zhang Wenjuan , Solan Gregory A. , Ma Yanping , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: August 2019

This review focuses on recent developments concerned with the use of well-defined main group complexes as (pre-)catalysts for the ROP of cyclic esters to give aliphatic polyesters; factors influencing catalytic activity, selectivity and polymer properties are all discussed.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone/cellulose acetate electrospun composite nanofibres loaded by glycerine and garlic extract within vitroantibacterial activity and release behaviour test
Authors: Edikresnha Dhewa , Suciati Tri , Munir Muhammad Miftahul , Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
Published: August 2019

The in-depth analysis of the characteristics of garlic-loaded nanofibers mats.
Correction: Solvent-controlled synthesis of multicolor photoluminescent carbon dots for bioimaging
Authors: Yan Yang , Xia Longyu , Ma Lan
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘Solvent-controlled synthesis of multicolor photoluminescent carbon dots for bioimaging’ by Yang Yan et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 24057–24065.
Hydrogen production by photocatalytic water splitting of aqueous hydrogen iodide over Pt/alkali metal tantalates
Authors: Hagiwara Hidehisa , Nozawa Ittoku , Hayakawa Katsuaki , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: August 2019

Reduction of the hydrogen evolution overpotential and durability in aqueous HI are important factors for the cocatalyst loaded onto KTaO3.
A high-capacity organic anode with self-assembled morphological transformation for green lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Wei , Guo Ruitian , Qu Qunting , Zheng Honghe , Zhang Jingyu , Huang Yunhui
Published: August 2019

Itaconic acid, available in abundance from corn starch, is utilized as a high-capacity anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
Tuning of the conformation of asymmetric nonfullerene acceptors for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Yang Linqiang , Song Xin , Yu Jiangsheng , Wang Hongtao , Zhang Zhuohan , Geng Renyong , Cao Jinru , Baran Derya , Tang Weihua
Published: August 2019

In this work, three dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrol fused-ring electron acceptors (IPT-2F,IPTT-2F, andIPTTT-2F) have been successfully developed as efficient asymmetric nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) for organic solar cells (OSCs).
Fe@Fe3Ge2 nanoparticles for MR imaging-guided NIR-driven photodynamic therapy in vivo
Authors: Zhou Ping , Pan Lixing , Deng Guang , Zhou Zhiguo , Zhao Heng , Peng Chen , Yang Shiping
Published: August 2019

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted much attention as a useful technique for disease therapy, considering its minimum invasiveness, high spatial-temporal control, and specific lesion destruction.
Branched capping ligands improve the stability of cesium lead halide (CsPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Xie Qifei , Wu Dan , Wang Xinzhong , Li Yue , Fang Fan , Wang Zhaojin , Ma Yanhong , Su Mei , Peng Shaomin , Liu Haochen , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: August 2019

Functional branched group design of a ligand to improve the stability of CsPbBr3 quantum dots for phosphor-converted applications
Invisible photonic prints shown by UV illumination: combining photoluminescent and noniridescent structural colors
Authors: Yang Dongpeng , Liao Guolong , Huang Shaoming
Published: August 2019

Invisible photonic prints that become visible by UV light irradiation were preparedviathe self-assembly of Y2O3:Eu colloidal particles into amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) with controlled fluorescent and noniridescent structural colors.
Non‐destructive depth detection approach for substation grounding grids based on magnetostatics
Authors: Qamar A. , Khan W. , Naqvi S.R. , Alam Orakzai F.
Published: August 2019

Grounding grid depth is one of the important factors to diagnose the grounding grid faults. However, due to the drawing loss and back fill during the reconstruction, the real buried depth of the grounding grid is changed and unknown. A magnetostatic method to calculate grounding grid depth is proposed in this Letter. Initially, the proposed method is applied on a single buried conductor where the depth is calculated from the extremum points in the surface magnetic flux density function. Furthermore, the branch current is calculated from the main peak value in the derivative of magnetic flux density function. Finally, a comparative analysis is performed regarding grounding grid depth and branch current. It is shown that the horizontal component of surface magnetic flux density yields results with low error as compared to the vertical component.
Hα emission-line stars in molecular clouds
Authors: Pettersson Bertil , Reipurth Bo
Published: August 2019

A deep objective-prism survey for Hα emission stars towards the Canis Major star-forming clouds was performed. A total of 398 Hα emitters were detected, 353 of which are new detections. There is a strong concentration of these Hα emitters towards the molecular clouds surrounding the CMa OB1 association, and it is likely that these stars are young stellar objects recently born in the clouds. An additional population of Hα emitters is scattered all across the region, and probably includes unrelated foreground dMe stars and background Be stars. About 90% of the Hα emitters are detected by WISE, of which 75% was detected with usable photometry. When plotted in a WISE colour–colour diagram it appears that the majority are Class II YSOs. Coordinates and finding charts are provided for all the new stars, and coordinates for all the detections. We searched the Gaia-DR2 catalogue and from 334 Hα emission stars with useful parallaxes, we selected a subset of 98 stars that have parallax errors of less than 20% and nominal distances in the interval 1050 to 1350 pc that surrounds a strong peak at 1185 pc in the distance distribution. Similarly, Gaia distances were obtained for 51 OB-stars located towards Canis Major and selected with the same parallax errors as the Hα stars. We find a median distance for the OB stars of 1182 pc, in excellent correspondence with the distance from the Hα stars. Two known runaway stars are confirmed as members of the association. Finally, two new Herbig-Haro objects are identified.
Integration of heat pump and gas turbine combined cycle: market and climatic conditions for power plant flexibility enhancement
Authors: Giugno Andrea , Sorce Alessandro , Cuneo Alessandra , Barberis Stefano
Published: August 2019

The increasing share of electricity produced from renewable energy sources (RES), with the consequent strong penetration in the current energy network, is causing a growing need of balancing power to compensate power supply from such fluctuating sources. For these reasons, nowadays the power plants are requested to improve their operational flexibility, together with their global efficiency in part-load operation, for ancillary services and to sustain the grid operability. A possible solution for flexibility enhancement is characterized by a highly efficient heat pump integrated in a conventional natural gas combined cycle (CC). Such concept can be applied both to power oriented combined cycle (POCC), to modify the compressor intake temperature with a consequent increase or decrease of the power production, and both to cogeneration CC in association with District Heating Network (DHN). In this work, a statistical analysis of climatic data and their correlations with energy market condition will be performed considering Italian context, to understand which the more suitable conditions for such integrated system are. The analysis will be performed on seasonal and daily basis. The final aim of this work is to identify how such integrated system can be operated at its best in the different Italian markets and climatic frames.
Analysis of experimental results of a Pressurized Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System simulating a Hybrid Power Plant
Authors: Metten Matthias , Tomberg Marius , Heddrich Marc P. , Friedrich K. Andreas
Published: August 2019

The low-carbon economy of the future needs low consumption of fossil and high quality renewable based fuels. This requires high efficiencies, good part-load performance and fuel flexibility. A very promising concept to achieve that is the combination of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) with a gas turbine (GT) in a pressurized hybrid power plant. However, experimental data for such SOFC/GT systems are rare. Thus, the DLR built a test rig to analyse such a system with 30 kW electrical output. A 30 kW SOFC module is used under pressurized conditions with components that emulate the GT. Commercially available stacks and state of the art peripheral components are installed. These include e.g. a hot anode off-gas recirculation blower, a steam reformer and recuperator. The system was put into operation and is used to experimentally analyse its operational behaviour. This publication will give insights about the current status of the experimental work. It will outline the basic SOFC/GT process, the implementation within the installed SOFC system and the degrees of freedom in comparison to a coupled system. Experimental results are shown and the impact of main parameters is analysed.
Study on Fuel Utilization Dynamic model of a SOFC-GT Hybrid System Based on Deep Learning Technique
Authors: Chen Jinwei , Chen Yao , Zhang Huisheng
Published: August 2019

In order to perform operation management tasks, including state monitoring and control strategy optimization, of a solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine (SOFC-GT) hybrid system, a data-driven dynamic model based on deep learning technique of long short term memory (LSTM) network is developed to predict the behaviours of fuel utilization. In addition, a LSTM model with unsupervised deep auto-encoder (DAE) method was developed to extract the feature from input data. The comparison performance between the common LSTM model and DAE-LSTM model was investigated. The results show that the DAE-LSTM model can enhance the prediction performance. Moreover, the effect of data size was investigated. The results demonstrate that the unsupervised DAE-LSTM model trained by large data size can further improve the prediction performance. The maximum error is only 0.00529, and average error decreases to 0.00025. In conclusions, the unsupervised DAE-LSTM model is an effective approach to predict dynamic behaviours.
Surge Precursors from Compressor Vibro-Acoustic Analysis
Authors: Federico Reggio , Ferrari Mario L. , Silvestri Paolo , Massardo Aristide F.
Published: August 2019

The aim of this work is to explore the possibilities to find surge precursors from compressor vibro-acoustic analysis in a condition close to instability. For this purpose, a large campaign of data acquisition has been conducted by Thermochemical Power Group (TPG) of University of Genoa: T100 micro-turbine, equipped with three different volumes, has been sensorized with accelerometers and microphones and data acquired have been analysed with different methodologies in order to find surge precursors useful for the creation of an anti-surge control.
Exergy analysis of a biomass-based multi-energy system
Authors: Minutillo Mariagiovanna , Perna Alessandra , Sorce Alessandro
Published: August 2019

This paper focuses on a biofuel-based Multi-Energy System generating electricity, heat and hydrogen. The proposed system, that is conceived as refit option for an existing anaerobic digester plant in which the biomass is converted to biogas, consists of: i) a fuel processing unit, ii) a power production unit based on the SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) technology, iii) a hydrogen separation, compression and storage unit. The aim of this study is to define the operating conditions that allow optimizing the plant performances by applying the exergy analysis that is an appropriate technique to assess and rank the irreversibility sources in energy processes. Thus, the exergy analysis has been performed for both the overall plant and main plant components and the main contributors to the overall losses have been evaluated. Moreover, the first principle efficiency and the second principle efficiency have been estimated. Results have highlighted that the fuel processor (the Auto-Thermal Reforming reactor) is the main contributor to the global exergy destruction (9.74% of the input biogas exergy). In terms of overall system performance the plant has an exergetic efficiency of 53.1% (it is equal to 37.7% for the H2 production).
Test campaign of a ducted wind turbine in real operating conditions
Authors: Valditerra Enrico , Rivarolo Massimo , Massardo Aristide F. , Gualco Marco
Published: August 2019

Wind turbine installation worldwide has increased at unrested pace, as it represents a 100% clean energy with zero CO2 and pollutant emissions. However, visual and acoustic impact of wind turbines is still a drawback, in particular in urban areas. This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of an innovative horizontal axis ducted wind turbine, installed in the harbour of Genova (Italy) in 2018: the turbine was designed in order to minimize visual and acoustic impacts and maximize electrical energy production, also during low wind speed periods. The preliminary study and experimental analyses, performed by the authors in a previous study, showed promising results in terms of energy production, compared to a traditional generator ( factor >2.5 on power output). In the present paper, the test campaign on a scaled-up prototype, installed in the urban area of Genova, is performed, with a twofold objective: (i) comparison of the ducted innovative turbine with a standard one, in order to verify the increase in energy production; (ii) analysis of the innovative turbine for different wind speeds and directions, evaluating the influence of ambient conditions on performance. Finally, based on the obtained results, an improved setup is proposed for the ducted wind turbine, in order to further increase energy production mitigating its visual impact.
Examining the instructional materials motivation of prospective chemistry teachers' in laboratory
Authors: Alkan Fatma
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to determine effect of inquiry based learning method on the instructional materials motivation of prospective chemistry teachers' in chemistry laboratory. A pretest–posttest control group design was used in the study. The study group was consists of 22 prospective chemistry teachers' who are undergraduate students at a University. There were 11 prospective chemistry teachers' in each of the experimental and control groups. The study was carried out in analytical chemistry laboratory. In the experimental group had been followed inquiry-based chemistry laboratory experiments. In the control group had been experienced traditional verification laboratory experiments. The instructional materials motivation survey was used as data collection tool. In terms of instructional materials motivation there was no difference between the experimental and control groups before laboratory application. After the application the results indicated that inquiry-based learning is effective in improving instructional materials motivations prospective chemistry teachers.
Examination of relationship between preservice chemistry teachers' preferences for creating constructivist-learning environment and sense of efficacy
Authors: Temel Senar
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between preservice chemistry teachers' preferences for creating constructivistlearning environment and sense of efficacy. The study was conducted with 50 preservice chemistry teachers. Correlational research design was conducted to determine the relationship between the variables. Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES) and Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) were used as data collection tools. While CLES includes 30 items under five subscales, TSES includes 12 items under three subscales. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Analysis was used to analyze obtained data. The results of the study revealed that there was a significance correlation between preservice chemistry teachers' preferences for creating constructivist-learning environment and sense of efficacy for total scores (r=.36, n=50, p<.05).
Using simulated patients in medical and health professions education
Authors: Gayef Albena
Published: August 2019

Interactive methods, which are one of the effective training methods used in medical and health professions education enable students to participate actively in the learning process. In this context, simulated patients can be used in simulation applications which are interactive methods. The simulated patient is an educated person to revive and present the real patient scenario and offers a safe learning opportunity based on experience in a virtual or laboratory environment prior to the real patient environment. This application enables to students to increase knowledge and skill level, self-efficacy, motivation and selfconfidence, improves clinical decision making and communication skills. The aim of this study is to review simulated patient applications in medicine and health sciences education and to provide a detailed overview on using simulated patients for both teaching and assessment purposes in medical and healthcare professional education.
Comparison of sense of efficacy for pre-service and in-service teachers
Authors: Şen Şenol
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to compare the sense of efficacy for pre-service and in-service teachers. The study was conducted with 64 preservice (32 chemistry and 32 mathematics) and 64 in-service teachers (32 chemistry and 32 mathematics). The short version of the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) was used as a data collection tool. The scale was consisted of 12-items divided into three sub-scales, named as Efficacy for instructional Strategies, Efficacy for Classroom Management, and Efficacy for Student Engagement. An independent-samples t-test was used to compare the sense of efficacy scores for pre-service and in-service teachers. According to independent samples t-test analysis, there was only a statistically significant difference in Efficacy for Classroom Management scores for pre-service (M = 25.64, SD = 5.4) and in-service teachers (M = 28.06, SD = 2.17; t (126) = -3.329, p =.001, two-tailed). However, there was no significant difference in Efficacy for Instructional Strategies and Efficacy for Student Engagement scores for pre-service and in-service teachers.
Health promotion and healthy eating habits. Exploratory study in primary education
Authors: Pedrero-García Encarnación , Moreno-Fernández Olga , Moreno-Crespo Pilar , Solís-Espallargas Carmen
Published: August 2019

This paper focuses on the importance of health education in Primary Education and the role of schools in the acquisition of healthy habits, especially in nutrition. The aim of this study is to provide an approximation of what students in the 6th year of Primary Education (11-12 years old) understand by healthy habits related to nutrition. A questionnaire of six openended questions was carried out, with a total sample of 78 children. It should be noted that a large sample confuses healthy eating with good health. We therefore consider the need to favour greater health education in school classrooms, as this would help them to differentiate balanced diets from those that are not and, therefore, to prepare healthy menus appropriately.
Innovative education at postgraduate level: Flipped classroom
Authors: Moreno-Crespo Pilar , Corchuelo-Fernández Celia , Cejudo-Cortés Aránzazu , Hunt-Gómez Coral I.
Published: August 2019

The educative innovation presented was developed at the Official University Master of Psychopedagogy at the University of Seville, Spain. An approximation to the Flipped Classroom methodology was carried out. Postgrad students are not normally exposed to this methodology, and therefore, they were not familiarised with it. To implement it, firstly, the class was divided into groups and, from a selection of the curricular contents of the subject; each group was assigned a particular topic. Each group had to prepare a presentation in which three tasks were to be fulfilled: the creation of an explanatory video to be projected during a presentation session with the aim of illustrating the theoretical contents, a reinforcement activity to enhance meaningful learning and an assessment of the presentation made. At the end of the study, the subjects received a questionnaire to analyse their degree of satisfaction according to the methodology. Results showed that the methodology was perceived as satisfactory or very satisfactory by most of the participants.
Chronische Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Schmid HP Eva C.
Published: August 2019

Die Niere reguliert beispielsweise den Wasserhaushalt und sorgt für die Ausscheidung schädlicher Stoffe. Eine reduzierte Nierenfunktion verursacht entsprechende klinische Symptome von Müdigkeit bis Perikardentzündung. Man kann eine renale Funktionseinschränkung durch die sinkende glomeruläre Filtrationsrate (GFR) in 5 Stadien einteilen. Entsprechend der Retentionswerte definiert man 4 Stadien.
Retrospektive 4-Jahres-Analyse geschlossener Drainagesysteme an einem dermatochirurgischen Zentrum – Notwendigkeit einer individualisierten Anwendung
Authors: Simgen J. , Gräber S. , Vogt T. , Müller C. S. L.
Published: August 2019

Hintergrund Aktuell sind die Indikationen zum Einsatz von Wund-Drainagen und die dabei eingesetzten Systeme in der Dermatochirurgie nicht klar definiert. Es existieren bislang keine publizierten Daten über die Verwendung von Drainagesystemen in der Dermatochirurgie.

Fragestellung Ziel der vorliegenden retrospektiven Studie war die Deskription des Patientenkollektivs, welches mit Wunddrainagen versorgt wurde, die Ableitung von Indikationen und assoziierten Komplikationen im Zusammenhang mit Wunddrainagen.

Methode Es wurden 495 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen, welche im Rahmen eines dermatochirurgischen Eingriffs im Zeitraum zwischen 2010 und 2014 mit Hoch- oder Niedervakuum-Drainage-Systemen therapiert wurden.

Ergebnisse Am häufigsten wurden Eingriffe am Lymphgefäßsystem beobachtet (n = 321; 64,8 %), v. a. Sentinel-Lymphknotenbiopsien wurden mit einer Drainage versorgt. Insgesamt kam es in 11,5 % der 495 Fälle (n = 57) zu postoperativen Komplikationen. Patienten mit Drainage-Versorgung unterschieden sich signifikant im Body Mass Index (p = 0,022), in operativer Defektgröße (p < 0,001) und Operationszeit (p < 0,001) von solchen ohne. Die Komplikationsraten bei Operationen mit Drainage unterschieden sich nicht signifikant (p = 0,118) von Operationen ohne Drainagen.

Schlussfolgerungen Mit dieser retrospektiven Analyse beschreiben wir die dermatochirurgischen Situationen, in denen Wunddrainagen verwendet wurden und vergleichen diese sowie assoziierte Komplikationen zwischen Eingriffen mit und ohne Wunddrainage. Wir favorisieren eine individualisierte Indikationsstellung unter Berücksichtigung patientenseitiger Faktoren anstelle fixer Regularien.
Stille Wasser
Authors: Textor Reinhard
Published: August 2019

Die Psyche verschiebt unerwünschte oder angstbesetzte gedankliche oder emotionale Inhalte ins Unbewusste, wobei auch diese Verdrängung unbewusst geschieht. In den ersten beiden Lebensjahren vollziehen sich alle Entwicklungsschritte unbewusst, bis sich schließlich ein Selbst-Bewusstsein entwickelt und somit auch Neurosen entstehen können. Im Fallbeispiel äußerte sich ein unbewusster innerer Konflikt in scheinbar unerklärlichen Aggressionsausbrüchen - die nach dem Aufspüren der Ursache und lebenspraktischen Selbstbehauptungsübungen verschwanden.
Leser-Trélat-Syndrom assoziiert mit malignem Melanom
Authors: Troyanova-Slavkova S. , Kutzner H. , Kowalzick L.
Published: August 2019

Das Leser-Trélat-Syndrom ist ein sehr seltenes paraneoplastisches Syndrom, gekennzeichnet durch akut exanthematisch auftretende, zahllose Verrucae seborrhoicae mit intensivem Pruritus auf nicht entzündlich veränderter Haut. Hier berichten wir über den Fall eines 68-jährigen Patienten, der aufgrund plötzlich aufgetretener, zahlreicher, juckender, dunkler seborrhoischer Keratosen bei uns vorstellig war. Während der klinischen Untersuchung fiel bei dem Patienten ein dunkel pigmentierter Naevus am linken Oberarm auf, der im Verlauf histologisch als malignes Melanom gesichert wurde. Die Pathogenese des Leser-Trélat-Syndroms ist noch nicht vollständig geklärt, das Auftreten dieses Syndroms wird v. a. bei Adenokarzinomen des Gastrointestinaltraktes, seltener bei Lymphomen und Leukämien beobachtet. Bis jetzt sind in der Literatur insgesamt 4 Fälle beschrieben, die eine Assoziation mit malignem Melanom darstellen.
„Das Beste aber ist das Wasser“
Authors: Bierbach Elvira
Published: August 2019

Der Mensch besteht zu einem hohen Anteil aus Wasser. Dehydratation und Exsikkose führen zu gravierenden Einschränkungen der Körperfunktionen und unbehandelt zum Tod. Abgesehen von den etwa 125 l Trinkwasser zum Trinken, Kochen, Waschen etc. verbraucht jeder Westeuropäer täglich rund 3900 l virtuelles Wasser für Konsumgüter. Therapeutisch wird Wasser vielseitig eingesetzt – von Wickeln, Güssen und Bädern über Wassergymnastik bis hin zu Trinkkuren mit Heilwasser.
Automated classification of gastric neoplasms in endoscopic images using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Cho Bum-Joo , Bang Chang Seok , Park Se Woo , Yang Young Joo , Seo Seung In , Lim Hyun , Shin Woon Geon , Hong Ji Taek , Yoo Yong Tak , Hong Seok Hwan , Choi Jae Ho , Lee Jae Jun , Baik Gwang Ho
Published: August 2019

Background Visual inspection, lesion detection, and differentiation between malignant and benign features are key aspects of an endoscopist’s role. The use of machine learning for the recognition and differentiation of images has been increasingly adopted in clinical practice. This study aimed to establish convolutional neural network (CNN) models to automatically classify gastric neoplasms based on endoscopic images.

Methods Endoscopic white-light images of pathologically confirmed gastric lesions were collected and classified into five categories: advanced gastric cancer, early gastric cancer, high grade dysplasia, low grade dysplasia, and non-neoplasm. Three pretrained CNN models were fine-tuned using a training dataset. The classifying performance of the models was evaluated using a test dataset and a prospective validation dataset.

Results A total of 5017 images were collected from 1269 patients, among which 812 images from 212 patients were used as the test dataset. An additional 200 images from 200 patients were collected and used for prospective validation. For the five-category classification, the weighted average accuracy of the Inception-Resnet-v2 model reached 84.6 %. The mean area under the curve (AUC) of the model for differentiating gastric cancer and neoplasm was 0.877 and 0.927, respectively. In prospective validation, the Inception-Resnet-v2 model showed lower performance compared with the endoscopist with the best performance (five-category accuracy 76.4 % vs. 87.6 %; cancer 76.0 % vs. 97.5 %; neoplasm 73.5 % vs. 96.5 %; P  < 0.001). However, there was no statistical difference between the Inception-Resnet-v2 model and the endoscopist with the worst performance in the differentiation of gastric cancer (accuracy 76.0 % vs. 82.0 %) and neoplasm (AUC 0.776 vs. 0.865).

Conclusion The evaluated deep-learning models have the potential for clinical application in classifying gastric cancer or neoplasm on endoscopic white-light images.
venenkleber.koeln – Erfahrungen und Ergebnisse nach 1015 Stammvenenbehandlungen – Die bessere Alternative zur Stripping Operation?
Authors: Fuchs J.
Published: August 2019

Endovenöse Methoden in der Behandlung inkompetenter Venen haben sich in Deutschland etabliert. Obwohl sie eine effektive Alternative zur chirurgischen Therapie darstellen, handelt es sich unverständlicherweise nicht um Eingriffe der ersten Wahl. Ganz im Gegensatz zu internationalen Empfehlungen. Risiken und Nebenwirkungen lassen sich durch die nicht-thermischen Verfahren weiter reduzieren. Ist die Varizen-Verklebung mit Cyanoacrylat eine weitere Verbesserung? Nach 1015 Prozeduren mit dem Venenkleber an inkompetenten Stammvenen werden die eigenen Ergebnisse vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Workplace Exposures
Authors: Lee Janet T. , Gaertner Wolfgang B.
Published: August 2019

Workplace exposure in colorectal surgery is unique compared with other surgical specialties and generally underreported. Although the most common device-associated exposure in surgery is suture needle injury, colorectal surgeons are increasingly exposed to gastrointestinal-related infectious agents, radiation, and other hazards in multiple different clinical settings. Highlighting the unique workplace exposures in colorectal surgery may help increase awareness, improve education, and identify possible targets for early intervention in order to minimize these risks.
Transition to Surgical Practice: The Early Years
Authors: Paquette Ian M.
Published: August 2019

The transition from years of surgical training to independent surgical practice is a time to enjoy the well-earned achievement of completion of training. The early years of clinical practice bring about many challenges to the young surgeon. These include transitioning to a more independent role in the operating room, running an office and understanding the business aspects of medicine, building clinical networks to sustain a clinical practice, and building a professional and academic reputation. This article will discuss aspects that are unique to the early career surgeon. Where possible, I will use the available literature to augment the discussion, whereas, in other areas, I will offer my thoughts from personal experience on the topic.
Plasmonic enhanced mid-infrared InAs/GaSb superlattice photodetectors with the hybrid mode for wavelength-selective detection
Authors: Xiong Meng , Su Dan , Zhou Huan-Li , Wu Jing-Yuan , Iqbal Sami , Zhang Xiao-Yang , Zhang Tong
Published: August 2019

Photodetectors with superlattice active regions suffered from relatively low infrared absorption and thus limited responsivity, which has greatly restricted the development of mid-infrared detection technology. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate a plasmonic enhanced mid-infrared InAs/GaSb superlattice photodetector, which employs the hybrid mode not only achieving the same infrared absorption as that of the reference device at the identical resonant wavelength, but also enhancing the optical absorption at the selective wavelength. In our proposed strategy, an effective coupling of surface plasmons into electromagnetic energy in the active layer was clearly shown. Moreover, our simulation results exhibited that wavelength-selective detection is achieved by the introduction of unique metal nanostructures within the devices, which shows potential applications in infrared detection and imaging.