bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between masticatory function and depression in older adults: Results from NHANES 2009 to 2018
Authors: Wei Xindi , Zhang Xiaomeng , Zhang Xiao , Chen Ruiying , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Shi Junyu , Lai Hongchang
Published: July 2024

Aim

Depression is prevalent among older adults. Although the number of missing teeth is considered to be associated with depression, the relationship between masticatory function, which is usually indicated by functional tooth units (FTUs), and depression in older adults remains unclear.

Materials and Methods

This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2018. The number of FTUs was defined as pairs of opposing natural and artificial teeth. Depression was accessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), and participants who scored ≥10 on PHQ‐9 were diagnosed with depression. Logistic regression analyses, propensity score matching (PSM) analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the association between FTU and depression.

Results

The analysis included 5764 individuals over 60 years. An association between FTU and the risk of depression among older adults was detected (odds ratio [OR] = 0.951, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.915–0.989), suggesting protective roles of more FTUs. Significant increase in the risk of depression in 0 ≤ FTUs ≤ 3 was observed compared with 10 ≤ FTUs ≤ 12 (OR = 1.819, 95% CI 1.157–2.858). However, no significant increase in the risk of depression in 4 ≤ FTUs ≤ 9 was found. After PSM, significant increase in the risk of depression in 0 ≤ FTUs ≤ 3 was still detected compared with 4 ≤ FTUs ≤ 12 (OR = 1.484, 95% CI 1.030–2.136). Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent results in all subgroups, except for individuals aged 76–80 and drinking regularly.

Conclusions

The findings suggested the association between impaired masticatory function and the risk of depression among older adults. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the role of masticatory function impairment in the development of depression further.
Macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics of gelatinous egg masses (egg veils) of yellow goosefish Lophius litulon (Lophiiformes; Lophiidae)
Authors: Ishikawa Tomoya , Nakaya Mitsuhiro , Eno Yuta , Takatsu Tetsuya
Published: July 2024

We recorded the morphological characteristics and effect of preservation methods on the structure of the egg veils of Lophius litulon found in field investigations. The egg veils were characterized as translucent sheet‐shape with parallel opaque creases spaced approximately 2 cm apart. The egg veils were found to be composed of pentagonal or hexagonal chambers with rounded corners arranged in one layer, and each chamber enveloped one to three embryos. Cryopreservation is recommended to prevent structural changes in the egg veil rather than ethanol solution and neutral buffered formalin solution.
Preface to the special issue “Pain”
Authors: Vaughan Christopher W.
Published: July 2024

This preface introduces the Journal of Neurochemistry Special Issue on pain research. While acute pain provides important sensory information, which aids in the protection of an organism, it can in some cases transition into a chronic state. Unfortunately, chronic pain is a highly disabling state characterised by intense and abnormal pain sensations, which are exacerbated by problematic psychosocial disturbances that are poorly treated by current drugs. This issue includes several reviews that address current issues spanning basic to clinical research on a range of pain syndromes. Also included is a collection of basic research articles investigating important aspects of pain signalling through to whole body aspects of pain integration.
Addressing difficulties with abstract thinking for low‐literate, low‐income consumers through marketplace literacy: A bottom‐up approach to consumer and marketing education
Authors: Viswanathan Madhu , Jaikumar Saravana , Sreekumar Arun , Dutta Shantanu , Duhachek Adam
Published: July 2024

We examine a bottom‐up approach to consumer and marketing education for subsistence consumers, that is, those with low income and relatively lower literacy levels. They face a variety of cognitive and other constraints, with difficulty in abstract thinking being a central issue that is critical for effective decision‐making. We study the impact of marketplace literacy education, with its unique bottom‐up approach, on abstract thinking in the consumer domain. We test the effectiveness of a bottom‐up educational approach, which covers concrete examples before abstract concepts, compared to the reverse sequence of a top‐down approach. We find that the bottom‐up approach in marketplace literacy education leads to more abstract thinking in the consumer domain compared to a top‐down approach. We discuss the implications of this research for consumer affairs.
Unobserved Performance of Hedge Funds
Authors: AGARWAL VIKAS , RUENZI STEFAN , WEIGERT FLORIAN
Published: July 2024

We investigate hedge fund firms’ unobserved performance (UP), measured as the risk‐adjusted return difference between a firm's reported gross return and its portfolio return inferred from its disclosed long‐equity holdings. Firms with high UP outperform those with low UP by 6.36% per annum on a risk‐adjusted basis. UP is negatively associated with a firm's trading costs and positively associated with intraquarter trading in equity positions, derivatives usage, short selling, and confidential holdings. We show that limited investor attention can delay investors’ response to UP and lead to longer lived predictability of fund firm performance.
Wikilegality and legal consciousness1
Authors: NELKEN DAVID
Published: July 2024

This article begins by commenting on recent work on legal consciousness, concentrating especially on the pioneering work of Patricia Ewick and Susan Silbey and later commentary, including research by Ayelet Oz that attempts to extend their ideas to cases of non‐state private ordering such as Wikipedia. It goes on to outline some of the distinctive features of Wikipedia's legal system and its ambivalence about (state) law and discusses the objections to what is called ‘wikilawyering’. To illustrate ‘wikilegality’, it offers a brief examination of how a dispute develops and is processed. The article concludes with some brief comments about what this case study can tell us about Ewick and Silbey's claims about hegemonic legality.
Determining the relationship between oral health and physical function in elderly people
Authors: Cicek Tunay , Temel Ugur Burak , Keskin Tahir , Baskurt Ferdi , Ermis Rabia Banu
Published: July 2024

Background

Poor oral conditions in the elderly may have numerous effects on general health, including physical fitness and performance.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the relationship between oral health and physical function in elderly people.

Methods

Physical function and oral health parameters were compared using parametric comparison tests and Pearson correlation analyses. In addition, principal components analysis, hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling analysis clustered the patients' physical and oral health scores. The relationship between the groups was also determined using decision tree analysis.

Results

A total of 112 elderly patients participated in the study. Grip strength (GS) was higher in patients with high chewing ability, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) scores were lower in the high oral health group (p < .05). GS was correlated with Decay, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index (DMFT) and the number of remaining and functional teeth (p < .05). According to principal component analysis, it was seen that there were three components (oral, functional and quality of life (QoL) parameters), and the features that were related to each other were gathered together. TUG and GS showed the highest relative importance among physical function criteria in the classification based on chewing ability. They were GS and physical activity for oral health‐related QoL.

Conclusion

In the elderly, higher physical function parameters, especially GS may be an indicator of a better oral health and oral health‐related QoL. Preventive physical rehabilitation practices, in addition to oral treatments, may be effective in improving oral health in the elderly.
Ethnodoxy and Immigration Attitudes in the Middle East/North Africa
Authors: Ridge Hannah M.
Published: July 2024

Migration is a prevalent social concern in the Middle East/North Africa. In addition to emigration, the countries struggle to incorporate immigrant and transiting populations. This article examines the influence of ethnodoxy—the linking of Arab and Muslim identity—on public opinion on immigrants and migration in the MENA region. Using original surveys of Egyptian and Moroccan Muslims from February and May–June 2023, it shows the more ethnodoxic respondents are, the more likely they are to hold anti‐immigrant views. These results are consistent with the principle that social identity complexity encourages tolerance and change acceptance. Thus, this study contributes to the growing literature on comparative race and ethnic politics and to the understanding of religion's role in political attitude formation.
Exotic wild boars and native wild guinea pigs maintain plant diversity in Argentinean coastal grasslands by decreasing plant dominance
Authors: Rocca Camila , Pascual Jesús , Diaz de Astarloa Clara , Daleo Pedro , Iribarne Oscar , Alberti Juan
Published: July 2024

Question

In productive grasslands highly dominated by a single plant species, herbivores can promote overall plant diversity. Wild boars (Sus scrofa) often decrease species diversity, alter regeneration and change community composition in their native and invader ranges while digging and uprooting vegetation for feeding. In addition, wild guinea pigs (Cavia aperea), a small vertebrate herbivore native to South America, concentrate their feeding activities in open patches where they also affect plant diversity, biomass and composition. In this context, can wild‐boar disturbances promote plant diversity in herbaceous systems characterized by a highly dominant species? Can native wild guinea pigs magnify these impacts?

Location

Coastal grasslands and salt marshes of the northeastern part of the temperate Argentine pampas, that are dominated by native or exotic herbaceous species.

Methods

We first analyzed alpha‐ and beta‐diversity of plant assemblies in three natural coastal herbaceous areas, invaded by wild boars, through samplings (comparing disturbed and undisturbed areas) and experiments (using exclosures and control plots). Then, we analyzed whether wild guinea pigs could affect patch recovery (alpha‐ and beta‐diversity) after wild‐boar disturbances in one site.

Results

Wild boars enhanced alpha‐diversity (compared to undisturbed areas) but had no significant effect on beta‐diversity. Nevertheless, wild guinea pigs feeding on wild‐boar disturbances increased between‐patch heterogeneity in species composition (i.e., beta‐diversity).

Conclusion

Wild boars remove vegetation in patches that, without subsequent wild‐guinea‐pig herbivory, dominant species rapidly recover. Wild‐guinea‐pig herbivory allows different subordinate species to peak at different disturbed patches, contributing to larger species richness at larger scales in areas otherwise occupied by highly dominant plant species. In a wider context, these results imply that the joint action of different‐sized exotic and native herbivores can help to maintain plant species diversity in highly plant‐dominated grasslands.
Multiresolution dynamic mode decomposition approach for wind pressure analysis and reconstruction around buildings
Authors: Snaiki Reda , Mirfakhar Seyedeh Fatemeh
Published: July 2024

Accurate wind pressure analysis on high‐rise buildings is critical for wind load prediction. However, traditional methods struggle with the inherent complexity and multiscale nature of these data. Furthermore, the high cost and practical limitations of deploying extensive sensor networks restrict the data collection capabilities. This study addresses these limitations by introducing a novel framework for optimal sensor placement on high‐rise buildings. The framework leverages the strengths of multiresolution dynamic mode decomposition (mrDMD) for feature extraction and incorporates a novel regularization term within an existing sensor placement algorithm under constraints. This innovative term enables the algorithm to consider real‐world system constraints during sensor selection, leading to a more practical and efficient solution for wind pressure analysis. mrDMD effectively analyzes the multiscale features of wind pressure data. The extracted mrDMD modes, combined with the enhanced constrained QR decomposition technique, guide the selection of informative sensor locations. This approach minimizes the required number of sensors while ensuring accurate pressure field reconstruction and adhering to real‐world placement constraints. The effectiveness of this method is validated using data from a scaled building model tested in a wind tunnel. This approach has the potential to revolutionize wind pressure analysis for high‐rise buildings, paving the way for advancements in digital twins, real‐time monitoring, and risk assessment of wind loads.
Clinical and microbiological characteristics of a hospital outbreak of Candida auris in a referral hospital in Lima, Peru
Authors: Pérez‐Lazo Giancarlo , Sandoval‐Ahumada Roxana , Soto‐Febres Fernando , Ballena‐López José , Morales‐Castillo Liliana , Trujillo‐Gregorio Lucy , Garay‐Quintana Rocio , Arenas‐Ramírez Berenice
Published: July 2024

Background

Candida auris, a multidrug‐resistant fungal pathogen, has received considerable attention owing to its recent surge, especially in South America, which coincides with the ongoing global COVID‐19 pandemic. Understanding the clinical and microbiological characteristics of outbreaks is crucial for their effective management and control.

Objective

This retrospective observational study aimed to characterize a C. auris outbreak at a Peruvian referral hospital between January 2021 and July 2023.

Methods

Data were collected from hospitalized patients with positive C. auris culture results. Microbiological data and antifungal susceptibility test results were analysed. Additionally, infection prevention and control measures have been described. Statistical analysis was used to compare the characteristics between the infected and colonized patients.

Results

Thirty‐three patients were identified, mostly male (66.7%), with a median age of 53 years. Among them, 18 (54.5%) were colonized, and 15 (45.5%) were infected. Fungemia was the predominant presentation (80%), with notable cases of fungemia in tuberculosis patients with long‐stay devices for parenteral anti‐tuberculosis therapy. Seventy‐five percent of the isolates exhibited fluconazole resistance. Echinocandins were the primary treatment, preventing fungemia recurrence within 30 days. Infected patients had significantly longer hospital stays than colonized patients (100 vs. 45 days; p = .023). Hospital mortality rates were 46.7% and 25% in the infected and fungemia patients, respectively. Simultaneous outbreaks of multidrug‐resistant bacteria were documented.

Conclusions

This study underscores the severity of a C. auris outbreak at a referral hospital in Peru, highlighting its significant impact on patient outcomes and healthcare resources. The high prevalence of fluconazole‐resistant isolates, leading to prolonged hospital stay and high mortality rates, particularly in cases of fungemia, underscores the critical need for effective infection prevention and control strategies.
Hijacking of the methylglyoxal detoxification pathway: a new tactic of Xoo pathogenesis in rice
Authors: Kumar Parvesh , Kumari Poonam , Mehra Rakesh , Singh Bahaderjeet , Kumar Rakesh
Published: July 2024

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causative agent of bacterial blight (BB), has developed a unique strategy to infect rice by hijacking the host's methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification pathway. This results in an over‐accumulation of MG, which facilitates tissue colonization and evasion of host's immune responses. While MG role in abiotic stresses is well‐documented, its involvement in biotic stresses has not been extensively explored. Recently, Fu et al. (2024) provided the first evidence of MG role in promoting Xoo pathogenesis in rice. This new virulence strategy contributes to the pathogen's remarkable adaptability and survival. In this mechanism of hijacking of MG detoxification pathway, Xoo induces OsWRKY62.1 to inhibit OsGLY II expression, leading to MG overaccumulation in infected rice cells. This excess MG hinders plant cell organelle function, creating a favorable environment for Xoo by compromising the rice defense system. In this article, we have presented our perspectives on how the BB pathogen adapts its virulence mechanisms to infect and cause disease in rice.
Thoughts on the structure of the history of Africana philosophy
Authors: Jeffers Chike
Published: July 2024

This article seeks to comment insightfully on the way things hang together as we try to chart the history of Africana philosophy. It does so through reflections on the History of Africana Philosophy podcast, part of Peter Adamson's larger series, the History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps. The article is divided into three sections, corresponding to the three parts of the podcast. Important to the first section is a reply to recent criticism by Olúfẹ́mi Táíwò of use of the term “precolonial” in discussions of Africa's history. The second section includes extended reflection on the special roles of Ethiopia, Haiti, and Liberia in the history of Africana philosophy. The final section explores the significance of writing, in an attempt to explain why the third part of the podcast, which covers the twentieth century, was lengthier than the other two parts of the series combined.
LncRNA NEAT1 targets miR‐125/ADAM9 mediated NF‐κB pathway in inflammatory response of rosacea
Authors: Xu Sijia , Dong Wenxin
Published: July 2024

Objective

To investigate the role of NEAT1 targeted regulation of miR‐125/ADAM9 mediated NF‐κB pathway in inflammatory response in rosacea.

Method

HaCaT cell rosacea phenotype was induced by LL37. The connection targeted by NEAT1 and miR‐125a‐5p was confirmed by Double‐Luciferase report analysis. qPCR was employed to assess the levels of expression for NEAT1, miR‐125a‐5p, and ADAM9 genes. The levels of expression for ADAM9/TLR2/NF‐κB P65 pathway proteins in each batch of cells were determined by Western blotting. The levels of expression for inflammatory factors, including TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐18, were measured through ELISA experimentation.

Results

LL37 could successfully induce HaCaT cells to exhibit rosacea phenotype. The luciferase report experiment confirmed that NEAT1 could target and bind miR‐125a‐5p and inhibit its expression. ADAM9 exhibited increased expression in LL37‐induced HaCaT cells, showing a positive association with NEAT1 expression and inverse relationship with miR‐125a‐5p activation. LL37 treatment promoted the expression of ADAM9/TLR2/NF‐κB P65 pathway proteins. Silencing ADAM9 can inhibit the inflammatory signaling pathway and reduce the level of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐18 in HaCaT cells.

Conclusion

NEAT1 can suppress the production of miR‐125a‐5p and activate the TLR2/NF‐κB inflammatory pathway mediated by ADAM9, thereby promoting the inflammatory response in rosacea.
A global polycenter identification method with single‐source data: The integration of local multisource data recognition
Authors: Ruan Yichen , Zhang Xiaoyi , Chen Qiuxiao , Zhang Mingyu
Published: July 2024

With the widespread application of multisource data, the identification of urban polycenters faces the challenge of increasing data costs. This study developed a cost‐effective model for identifying urban polycenters by employing a combination of the Random Forest algorithm and Local Moran's I index. Using point‐of‐interest data from Amap, our model was benchmarked against a multisource data model to verify its effectiveness and accuracy. The results indicate that the single‐source model possesses an accuracy comparable to that of the multisource model in determining the centrality and spatial distribution of urban centers, thus offering a substantial capability to reduce reliance on multisource data. The random forest method exhibits a significant accuracy advantage over traditional ordinary least squares regression methods. However, it also exhibited susceptibility to overfitting and variations in data sampling. This suggests that while the model is highly effective for large‐scale urban studies, it requires careful handling of data inputs. This model can be applied to actual urban planning and research, providing a useful instrument for investigating urban polycentric structures at different spatial scales. This will increase the usefulness of the model in real‐world scenarios and lower the expenses related to analyzing urban data.
Enhancing kernel oil and tailoring fatty acid composition by genomics‐assisted selection for dgat1‐2 and fatb genes in multi‐nutrient‐rich maize: new avenue for food, feed and bioenergy
Authors: Katral Ashvinkumar , Hossain Firoz , Zunjare Rajkumar U. , Mishra Subhra J. , Ragi Shridhar , Kasana Ravindra K. , Chhabra Rashmi , Thimmegowda Vinutha , Vasudev Sujata , Kumar Santosh , Bhat Jayant S. , Neeraja Chirravuri Naga , Yadava Devendra K. , Muthusamy Vignesh
Published: July 2024

Enhancing maize kernel oil is vital for improving the bioavailability of fat‐soluble vitamins. Here, we combined favourable alleles of dgat1‐2 and fatb into parental lines of four multi‐nutrient‐rich maize hybrids (APTQH1, APTQH4, APTQH5 and APTQH7) using marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Parental lines possessed favourable alleles of crtRB1, lcyE, vte4 and opaque2 genes. Gene‐specific markers enabled successful foreground selection in BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2, while background selection using genome‐wide microsatellite markers (127–132) achieved 93% recurrent parent genome recovery. Resulting inbreds exhibited significantly higher oil (6.93%) and oleic acid (OA, 40.49%) and lower palmitic acid (PA, 14.23%) compared to original inbreds with elevated provitamin A (11.77 ppm), vitamin E (16.01 ppm), lysine (0.331%) and tryptophan (0.085%). Oil content significantly increased from 4.80% in original hybrids to 6.73% in reconstituted hybrids, making them high‐oil maize hybrids. These hybrids displayed 35.70% increment in oil content and 51.56% increase in OA with 36.32% reduction in PA compared to original hybrids, while maintaining higher provitamin A (two‐fold), vitamin E (nine‐fold), lysine (two‐fold) and tryptophan (two‐fold) compared to normal hybrids. Lipid health indices showed improved atherogenicity, thrombogenicity, cholesterolaemic, oxidability, peroxidizability and nutritive values in MAS‐derived genotypes over original versions. Besides, the MAS‐derived inbreds and hybrids exhibited comparable grain yield and phenotypic characteristics to the original versions. The maize hybrids developed in the study possessed high‐yielding ability with high kernel oil and OA, low PA, better fatty acid health and nutritional properties, higher multi‐vitamins and balanced amino acids, which hold immense significance to address malnutrition and rising demand for oil sustainably in a fast‐track manner.
Design and Optimization of a Cable-Driven Parallel Polishing Robot With Kinematic Error Modeling
Authors: Zhou Bin , Wu Shuainan , Zi Bin , Zhu Weidong
Published: July 2024

This article presents the design and optimization of a cable-driven parallel polishing robot (CDPPR) with kinematic error modeling and introduces an improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) for multiobjective optimization. First, the mechanical design and kinematic and static modeling of the CDPPR are conducted. Subsequently, a kinematic error transfer model is established based on the evidence theory by considering the change of exit points of cables, and an error index is derived to measure the accuracy of the robot. Besides, another two performance indices including the workspace and static stiffness are proposed. Thus, a multiobjective optimization model is established to optimize the workspace, static stiffness, and error index, and an improved NSGA-II is developed. Finally, an experimental scaled prototype of the CDPPR is constructed, and numerical examples and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the improved NSGA-II and the stability of the optimal configuration.
Sound evidence for biodiversity monitoring
Authors: Rasmussen Jeppe H. , Stowell Dan , Briefer Elodie F.
Published: July 2024

Bioacoustics and artificial intelligence facilitate ecological studies of animal populations
Recurrent gene flow between Neanderthals and modern humans over the past 200,000 years
Authors: Li Liming , Comi Troy J. , Bierman Rob F. , Akey Joshua M.
Published: July 2024

Although it is well known that the ancestors of modern humans and Neanderthals admixed, the effects of gene flow on the Neanderthal genome are not well understood. We develop methods to estimate the amount of human-introgressed sequences in Neanderthals and apply it to whole-genome sequence data from 2000 modern humans and three Neanderthals. We estimate that Neanderthals have 2.5 to 3.7% human ancestry, and we leverage human-introgressed sequences in Neanderthals to revise estimates of Neanderthal ancestry in modern humans, show that Neanderthal population sizes were significantly smaller than previously estimated, and identify two distinct waves of modern human gene flow into Neanderthals. Our data provide insights into the genetic legacy of recurrent gene flow between modern humans and Neanderthals.
Programmed alternating current optimization of Cu-catalyzed C-H bond transformations
Authors: Zeng Li , Yang Qinghong , Wang Jianxing , Wang Xin , Wang Pengjie , Wang Shengchun , Lv Shide , Muhammad Shabbir , Liu Yichang , Yi Hong , Lei Aiwen
Published: July 2024

Direct current (DC) electrosynthesis, which has undergone optimization over the past century, plays a pivotal role in a variety of industrial processes. Alternating current (AC) electrosynthesis, characterized by polarity reversal and periodic fluctuations, may be advantageous for multiple chemical reactions, but apparatus, principles, and application scenarios remain underdeveloped. In this work, we introduce a protocol for programmed AC (pAC) electrosynthesis that systematically adjusts currents, frequencies, and duty ratios. The application of representative pAC waveforms facilitates copper-catalyzed carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage in cross-coupling and difunctionalization reactions that exhibit suboptimal performance under DC and chemical oxidation conditions. Moreover, observing catalyst dynamic variation under diverse waveform applications provides mechanistic insight.
Rat poison’s long reach
Authors: Maron Dina Fine
Published: July 2024

Supertoxic rodenticides are building up inside unintended targets, including birds, mammals, and insects. Scientists want to understand the damage—and limit it
Crystal structure of the class A extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-96 in complex with relebactam at 1.03 Angstrom resolution
Authors: Ghiglione Barbara , Rodríguez María Margarita , Penzotti Pedro , Bethel Christopher R. , Gutkind Gabriel , Bonomo Robert A. , Klinke Sebastián , Power Pablo
Published: July 2024

The use of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors constitutes an important strategy to counteract β-lactamases in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. Recent reports have described ceftazidime-/avibactam-resistant isolates producing CTX-M variants with different amino acid substitutions (e.g., P167S, L169Q, and S130G). Relebactam (REL) combined with imipenem has proved very effective against Enterobacterales producing ESBLs, serine-carbapenemases, and AmpCs. Herein, we evaluated the inhibitory efficacy of REL against CTX-M-96, a CTX-M-15-type variant. The CTX-M-96 structure was obtained in complex with REL at 1.03 Å resolution (PDB 8EHH). REL was covalently bound to the S70-Oγ atom upon cleavage of the C7-N6 bond. Compared with apo CTX-M-96, binding of REL forces a slight displacement of the deacylating water inwards the active site (0.81 Å), making the E166 and N170 side chains shift to create a proper hydrogen bonding network. Binding of REL also disturbs the hydrophobic patch formed by Y105, P107, and Y129, likely due to the piperidine ring of REL that creates clashes with these residues. Also, a remarkable change in the positioning of the N104 sidechain is also affected by the piperidine ring. Therefore, differences in the kinetic behavior of REL against class A β-lactamases seem to rely, at least in part, on differences in the residues being involved in the association and stabilization of the inhibitor before hydrolysis. Our data provide the biochemical and structural basis for REL effectiveness against CTX-M-producing Gram-negative pathogens and essential details for further DBO design. Imipenem/REL remains an important choice for dealing with isolates co-producing CTX-M with other β-lactamases.
Complete genome sequencing of three methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
isolated from the blood of patients with persistent bacteremia
Authors: Lee Soo In , Bae Seongman , Kim Yang Soo , Lee Sungkyoung
Published: July 2024

We report the complete genome sequences of three molecular types of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) clinical strains isolated from the blood of three patients diagnosed with persistent MRSA bacteremia: KNIH_5618 (ST5-t5076-SCC
mec
II), KNIH_5844 (ST72-t664-SCC
mec
IV), and KNIH_6268 (ST89-t375-SCC
mec
II). These genome sequences contribute to an enhanced understanding of the underlying causes of persistent MRSA infection.
Characterization of
Ligilactobacillus salivarius
CRISPR-Cas systems
Authors: Roberts Avery , Spang Daniel , Sanozky-Dawes Rosemary , Nethery Matthew A. , Barrangou Rodolphe
Published: July 2024

Ligilactobacillus
is a diverse genus among lactobacilli with phenotypes that reflect adaptation to various hosts. CRISPR-Cas systems are highly prevalent within lactobacilli, and
Ligilactobacillus salivarius
, the most abundant species of
Ligilactobacillus
, possesses both DNA- and RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems. In this study, we explore the presence and functional properties of I-B, I-C, I-E, II-A, and III-A CRISPR-Cas systems in over 500
Ligilactobacillus
genomes, emphasizing systems found in
L. salivarius
. We examined the I-E, II-A, and III-A CRISPR-Cas systems of two
L. salivarius
strains and observed occurrences of split
cas
genes and differences in CRISPR RNA maturation in native hosts. This prompted testing of the single Cas9 and multiprotein Cascade and Csm CRISPR-Cas effector complexes in a cell-free context to demonstrate the functionality of these systems. We also predicted self-targeting spacers within
L. salivarius
CRISPR-Cas systems and found that nearly a third of
L. salivarius
genomes possess unique self-targeting spacers that generally target elements other than prophages. With these two
L. salivarius
strains, we performed prophage induction coupled with RNA sequencing and discovered that the prophages residing within these strains are inducible and likely active elements, despite targeting by CRISPR-Cas systems. These findings deepen our comprehension of CRISPR-Cas systems in
L. salivarius
, further elucidating their relationship with associated prophages and providing a functional basis for the repurposing of these Cas effectors for bacterial manipulation.

IMPORTANCE

Ligilactobacillus salivarius
is a diverse bacterial species widely used in the food and dietary supplement industries. In this study, we investigate the occurrence and diversity of their adaptive immune systems, CRISPR-Cas, in over 500 genomes. We establish their function and provide insights into their role in the interplay between the bacterial host and the predatory phages that infect them. Such findings expand our knowledge about these important CRISPR-Cas immune systems widespread across the bacterial tree of life and also provide a technical basis for the repurposing of these molecular machines for the development of molecular biology tools and the manipulation and engineering of bacteria and other life forms.
Diagnostic accuracy of Savanna RVP4 (QuidelOrtho) for the detection of Influenza A virus, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Köse Büsra , Schaumburg Frieder
Published: July 2024

Seasonal increase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza virus A/B (Flu A/B), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) require rapid diagnostic test methods for the management of respiratory tract infections. In this study, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of Savanna RVP4 (RVP4, QuidelOrtho) with Xpert Xpress Plus SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV (Xpert, Cepheid). Nasopharyngeal swabs from patients treated at a tertiary care hospital (Germany) were tested for SARS-CoV-2, Flu A/B, and RSV by RVP4 to assess diagnostic accuracy (reference standard: Xpert). The intra and inter assay precision of Ct-values was assessed by repeated test in triplicates (on day 1) and duplicates (days 2–3). All patients with a physician’s order for a multiplex test for SARS-CoV-2, Flu, and RSV test were included. Duplicate swabs from the same patient, samples with a total volume ≤1 mL, or inappropriate shipment/storage were excluded. In total, 229 swabs were included between September 2023 and February 2024. The concordance between both tests was 96.5% (SARS-CoV-2), 98.7% (Flu A), and 99.6% (RSV). Flu B was not detected by both tests. The RVP4 test had a sensitivity of 85%–95% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, Flu A, and RSV. The intra and inter assay precision of Ct-values from RVP4 was 3% and 2% (SARS-CoV-2), 5% and 4% (Flu A), and 0% and 3% (RSV), respectively. The Savanna RVP4 has a favorable diagnostic accuracy for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, Flu A, and RSV.

IMPORTANCE

We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a new point-of-care test for the rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza virus A/B (Flu A/B), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The new test has a concordance with the reference standard of 96.5% (SARS-CoV-2), 98.7% (Flu A), and 99.1% (RSV). The sensitivity of 85%–95% and specificity of 100% for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, Flu A, and RSV is comparable with similar nucleic acid amplification-based point of care tests but at lower costs.
Rescue of pyrimidine-defective
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
through metabolic complementation
Authors: Mahmud Hafij Al , Garcia Randy , Garcia Alexsis , Baishya Jiwasmika , Wakeman Catherine A.
Published: July 2024

Chronic infections harbor multiple pathogens where dynamic interactions between members of the polymicrobial community play a major role in determining the infection outcome. For example, in a nutrient-rich polymicrobial infection, bacteria have the potential to undergo evolutionary changes that impair their ability to synthesize essential metabolites. This adaptation may facilitate metabolic interdependencies between neighboring pathogens and lead to difficult-to-treat chronic infections. Our research group previously demonstrated that
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(PA) and
Staphylococcus aureus
(SA), typically considered classical competitors, can adopt a cooperative lifestyle through bi-directional purine exchange medicated by exogenous DNA (eDNA) release. To further validate our initial findings, in this study, we investigated the potential exchange of pyrimidine between PA and other pathogens, which is another constituent of DNA. In our findings, we observed that a pyrimidine-deficient transposon mutant strain of PA showed improved growth when co-cultured with wild-type PA, SA,
Acinetobacter baumannii
(AB), and
Enterococcus faecalis
(EF). Additionally, improved fitness of pyrimidine-deficient PA was further observed in chemical complementation with eDNA and uridine-5′-monophosphate. Interestingly, the rescue of PA growth through eDNA complementation is not as effective as in intact cells, such as SA, AB, EF, and wild-type PA, implying that eDNA is a lesser contributor to this metabolic complementation. Also, the exchange mechanism between pathogens involves more active mechanisms beyond simple eDNA or metabolite release. Our data further highlights the importance of cell-to-cell contact for effective and increased metabolic complementation.

IMPORTANCE

This research holds crucial implications for combating chronic infections, where multiple pathogens coexist and interact within the same environment. By uncovering the dynamic exchange of pyrimidines between
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(PA) and
Staphylococcus aureus
(SA), our study reveals a previously unrecognized aspect of interspecies cooperation. The observed enhanced growth of a pyrimidine-deficient PA strain when co-cultured with SA suggests potential avenues for understanding and disrupting bacterial metabolic interdependencies in chronic infection settings. Furthermore, our findings highlight the mechanisms involved in metabolic exchange, emphasizing the importance of cell-to-cell contact. This research explored essential metabolic interactions to address the challenges posed by difficult-to-treat chronic infections.
Diagnosis and management of a herpes nipple infection that resulted in neonatal HSV encephalitis
Authors: Stokes Stephanie , Zahler-Miller Carolyn , Dunn Katherine
Published: July 2024

We present a case of a primigravida in her 30s who had a caesarean delivery of dichorionic diamniotic twins at 33 weeks of gestation. Her postpartum course was complicated by a herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of her nipple, found after her neonates were diagnosed with HSV encephalitis. She was evaluated at her 3-week postpartum visit and reported that her neonates were concurrently admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with disseminated neonatal HSV-1. The patient and her partner were in a monogamous relationship with no known history of HSV. Physical examination demonstrated a vertical fissure on the face of her right nipple and a small cluster of vesicles on her left hand. PCR swabs of the lesions were positive for HSV-1 at both locations. The patient was started on oral valacyclovir 1000 mg two times per day, topical acyclovir ointment applied 4–6 times per day and mupirocin ointment applied 3 times per day to her breast with resolution of her breast lesions. She was able to continue expressing her breastmilk with the help of a pump and then resumed breastfeeding once her infection was cleared. Her infants recovered after prolonged parenteral antiviral therapy with age-appropriate development at follow-up.
Actual and imagined music-cued gait training for people with multiple sclerosis: a multicentre qualitative study
Authors: Seebacher Barbara , Helmlinger Birgit , Hotz Isabella , Pinter Daniela , Ehling Rainer , Enzinger Christian , Deisenhammer Florian , Brenneis Christian
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To explore the experiences and acceptability of music-cued motor imagery (MCMI), music-cued gait training (MCGT), and combined MCMI and MCGT (MCMI-MCGT) in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). We also aimed to explore participants’ self-rated health status postintervention and gather recommendations for further programme development.

Design

Qualitative study alongside the double-blind randomised controlled real and imagined gait training with music-cueing (RIGMUC) multicentre trial of MCMI, MCGT and MCMI-MCGT.

Setting

PwMS recruited for the RIGMUC trial from Departments of Neurology at Medical Universities of Innsbruck and Graz and Clinic for Rehabilitation Muenster, Austria.

Participants

All 132 pwMS with mild to moderate disability randomised into the trial were included in the analysis.

Methods

Participants practised home-based MCMI, MCGT or MCMI-MCGT for 30 min, 4×/week, for 4 weeks. Three trained researchers conducted weekly semistructured telephone interviews during the intervention period, supporting adherence, addressing problems, sharing experiences and assessing intervention acceptability. Follow-up interviews at 4-week postintervention aimed to understand participants’ self-rated changes in walking, fatigue and overall health compared with their prestudy condition. Investigator triangulation was employed among the researchers to enhance trustworthiness and credibility.

Results

Using thematic analysis, we identified five themes: (1) empowerment, (2) remaining in sync, (3) interconnection between imagined and actual walking, (4) sustaining focus and (5) real-world transfer. Participants appreciated and found the imagined and actual MCGT innovative. Problems included concentration issues, early fatigue in advanced disability and difficulty synchronising with music cues. Positive changes in walking, fatigue and overall health postinterventions were reported offering valuable insights for programme development.

Conclusions

A participatory study to codevelop a music-cued exercise programme for pwMS seems appropriate as participants appreciated the innovation and effectiveness of both imagined and actual MCGT. Future studies should also investigate pwMS’ potential and limitations in enhancing their MCMI abilities with intensive therapist-supported practice.

Trial registration number

DRKS00023978.
Plasma matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases explored in relation to the severity and progression of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes: baseline and prospective analyses
Authors: Hector Sven , Thulesius Hans Olav , Thunander Maria , Hillman Magnus , Landin-Olsson Mona , Melin Eva Olga
Published: July 2024

Aims

To explore whether circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, MMP-9/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, MMP-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), MMP-14, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 were associated with the severity and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

Baseline and prospective analyses were conducted over a period of 10.5 person-years. In 2009, recruitment and biochemical analyses (MMPs, TIMPs, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, macroalbuminuria) were performed. Fundus photography, performed at baseline and at follow-up in accordance with the regional screening programme, was compared after being categorised according to the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale. ‘DR progression at least one leve’ was calculated. High MMP-2 was defined as ≥178 ng/mL (≥75th percentile) and high TIMP-2 as ≥205 ng/mL (≥75th percentile). DR was dichotomised as ‘at least moderate DR’ or ‘no/mild DR’.

Results

The study included 267 participants, 57% of whom were men. At baseline, the prevalence of high MMP-2 (p=0.001) and high TIMP-2 (p=0.008) increased with the severity of DR. ‘At least moderate DR’ (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.4, p=0.008) and macroalbuminuria (AOR 3.6, p=0.025) were independently associated with high MMP-2. ‘At least moderate DR’ (AOR 2.3, p=0.009) and macroalbuminuria (3.4, p=0.031) were independently associated with high TIMP-2. DR progression occurred in 101 (46%) patients (p<0.001). HbA1c≥53 mmol/mol was associated with the progression of DR (crude OR 3.8, p=0.001). No other MMPs or TIMPs were linked to the severity or the progression of DR.

Conclusions

High levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 indicated more severe DR or diabetic nephropathy. Only HbA1c was associated with the progression of DR in 267 patients with T1D.
Psychosocial health stigma related to COVID-19 disease among COVID-19 patients in Jordan: a comparative study
Authors: Daoud Lina Jalal , El-hneiti Mamdouh , Al-Hussami Mahmoud Ogla
Published: July 2024

Objective

Beyond its effects on physical health, COVID-19 psychosocial stigma has emerged as a result of this global crisis, making people feel ashamed, alone and discriminated against. This comparative study aims to assess the psychosocial health stigma of COVID-19, and to evaluate the perceived stigma according to the sociodemographic variables during the pandemic in Jordan.

Method

A study in Jordan compared stigma between 112 COVID-19 patients (52 males and 60 females) and 118 healthy controls (56 males and 62 females), with participants ranging from 18 to over 60 years old in both groups.

Results

According to the data, 27% of COVID-19 patients had high-level stigma, with total stigma scores ranging from 46 to 111 and a mean of 80.23 (SD=12.79). Quartile results showed 50% scored 80, 25% over 88 and 75% over 78, indicating moderate stigma within a 0–160 range. On the other hand, the total scores of stigma among the healthy controls ranged from 40 to 112, with a mean of 78.55 (SD=12.41). 30.3% report high levels of stigma. Quartile results showed 50% scored 78, 25% over 85 and 75% over 71, indicating moderate stigma. No significant stigma score difference was found between patients and controls (t=1.09, p=0.28). No significant correlation with demographics, except among medical workers (t=−3.32, p=0.001).

Conclusion

The study revealed negligible differences in stigma between the two groups, but greater stigma among medical field workers highlighting the need for integrated community and policy support to fight stigma.
Community childhood obesity assessment in elementary school, anthropometric indices as screening tools: a community cross-sectional study in Indonesia
Authors: Liberty Iche Andriyani , Septadina Indri Seta , Rizqie Muhammad Qurhanul , Mariana Mariana , Pariyana Pariyana , Amalia Resy , Hasyim Hamzah
Published: July 2024

Background

Representative anthropometric epidemiological data are needed to formulate screening and intervention methods to prevent obesity in children. This study aims to conduct community childhood obesity assessment in elementary school based on anthropometric measurements and evaluate its predictive value.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out in Palembang, Indonesia, and involved 1180 elementary school students. The anthropometric parameters were divided into (1) basic data: stature, weight and waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC); (2) structural dimensions: the segmental dimensions of head-neck, trunk, upper extremity, hand, lower extremity and foot and (3) postural dimensions: the relative spacial dimensions when standing. Six anthropometric indices were considered: body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), Conicity Index (CI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI) and Tri-ponderal Mass Index (TMI).

Results

The proportion of overweight and obesity was 50.17% (n=592) and normal weight was 49.83% (n=588). The mean age was 8.26±1.71 years. The averages of all measured indices in overweight/obese versus normal weight were significant difference among boys and girls in height, weight, WC, HC, neck circumference, WHR, WHtR, neck-to-height ratio, BAI, TMI and CI (p<0.05 for all). TMI was the best predictor of obesity based on area under the curve (AUC) values, both in boys (sensitivity=90.48; specificity=91.53; AUC=0.975) and in girls (sensitivity=90.28; specificity=90.00; AUC=0.968).

Conclusions

A trustworthy anthropometric database of primary school students might be a helpful local resource when working on projects involving children. In order to improve the quality of life through better-suited and secure products and environmental designs, it is crucial to build an anthropometric database.