bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arte urbano, reflexión sobre lo repulsivo y el terror, y la necesidad patrimonial.
Authors: Romero-Ternero María José
Published: April 2021

¿Cuál es la funcionalidad del arte urbano? La idea es que, para convertirlo en patrimonio, no podemos dejar atrás el propósito de la practicidad y la utilidad, frente a lo contemplativo, como es el caso del muralista Alfaro Siqueiros (Ruiza et alt, 2004), o el proyecto IMVG (Villajos, S., Werckmeister, V., García, L., 2019) porque este tipo de arte concierne a la cuestión de la diversidad cultural. A las relaciones dialécticas entre el nos-otros. Todo forma parte de las inquietudes sociales, tarea que no empieza de vacío, sino desde una idiosincrasia, simbología y valores culturales, y por tanto colmada de memoria colectiva. El arte urbano, sea como sea, patrimonio o no, necesita mientras provoque reacción, y sea símbolo de valores y significados colectivos, de ese papel de la persona curadora o conservadora que lo promocione y lo active y lo gestione como legado cultural por sus diversos criterios ya sean tecnológicos o antropológicos, o cualesquiera que se deseen preservar y que sean inapelables del momento. Existe la necesidad de espacios destinados a proyectar esas manifestaciones culturales estableciendo vínculos con otras expresiones artísticas. Por ejemplo, la danza, los audiovisuales, su plasmación escrita mediante poesía, narrativas de libros o catálogos, todo ello para atraer y traer contexto cultural siendo éste el quid de la cuestión.
Arte ¿urbano?: el patrimonio de la transformación y la concienciación colectiva en territorios abiertos
Authors: Maldonado Esteras Stella
Published: April 2021

Las artes, al igual que otras manifestaciones patrimoniales, se producen cada vez más en entornos abiertos, participativos y requiriendo la involucración de las personas. Este hecho se constata en los ejemplos de arte ¿urbano? que se extienden a lo largo y ancho del territorio. Y se habla de territorio porque las piezas que se generan no solo se dan en localidades urbanas, sino también en espacios rurales y/o barriales con la intención de regenerar y ahondar en el sentido de pertenencia. Muchas de estas intervenciones se hacen con la motivación de servir como movimiento de transformación, construcción y concienciación colectiva acerca de problemáticas sociales. Comunidad, integración y representatividad se erigen como elementos conformadores de un patrimonio del presente sobre el cual se reflexiona, visibilizando proyectos actuales con gran valor cultural.
Saúde do músico: Perguntas reflexivas dialógicas como estratégia pedagógica
Authors: Farias André Leite de , Ferreira Valdivina Alves , Síveres Luiz
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo foi desenvolver perguntas reflexivas dialógicas sobre fatores de risco da prática musical como estratégia pedagógica para a prevenção de lesões musculoesqueléticas em estudantes de música. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de revisão, com estratégia exploratória, interpretativa e propositiva. Adicionalmente, com o intuito de subsidiar a discussão, foi realizado levantamento de artigos científicos indexados às plataformas Scielo e Google Scholar. Os resultados foram divididos em três seções. A primeira seção diz respeito às possibilidades e às limitações dos diálogos educacionais na promoção do aprendizado. A segunda seção apresenta breve contextualização a respeito das lesões musculoesqueléticas relacionadas à educação musical. A terceira seção apresenta perguntas reflexivas dialógicas sobre fatores de risco da prática musical como estratégia pedagógica para a prevenção de lesões musculoesqueléticas em estudantes de música. Ao final, concluiu-se que as perguntas reflexivas dialógicas sobre fatores de risco da prática musical podem ser um caminho para o rompimento de barreiras comunicacionais, podem conferir nova dinâmica no fluxo do ensino e aprendizagem sobre a saúde do músico e podem reduzir o número de afastamentos da educação musical por problemas relacionados a lesões musculoesqueléticas.
Comunicação na transição do paciente oncológico para os cuidados paliativos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Jeniffer Lopes Rodrigues da , Souza Sônia Regina de , Alcântara Laisa Figueiredo Ferreira Lós de , Macedo Eliza Cristina , Lucas Dasymar Martins da Silva , Cardozo Isabella Ribeiro , Barbosa Maria Célia Teixeira , Câmara Lívia de Souza
Published: April 2021

O objetivo foi investigar as evidências acerca da comunicação na transição do paciente oncológico para os cuidados paliativos. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa através da estratégia PICo, cuja questão norteadora foi “Quais as evidências acerca da comunicação na transição do paciente oncológico para os cuidados paliativos? As bases de dados foram MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde; Pubmed, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram identificados 14 artigos publicados no período de 2014 – 2018. Através da análise temática classificou-se duas categorias temáticas: 1- Barreiras da comunicação na transição para os cuidados paliativos 2- Estratégias para uma comunicação eficaz na transição para os cuidados paliativos. As categorias temáticas abordadas evidenciaram que a comunicação na transição para os cuidados paliativos ainda é um momento difícil e complexo para os profissionais de saúde, favorecendo barreiras comunicacionais entre a tríade equipe-paciente-família. Entretanto é um momento estratégico para planejar e redesenhar objetivos de tratamento, onde estratégias como uma comunicação honesta, o mais breve possível e contínua são importantes para uma comunicação eficaz.
Cenário da comercialização dos feirantes do município de Bom Jardim no Estado do Maranhão: antes e durante a pandemia
Authors: Costa Rayssa Kellen dos Santos , Marques Thaismara Viana , Santos Denise Maria , Silva Roberta Patrícia de Sousa , Castro Livia Maria Duarte de , Pinto Andréa de Vasconcelos Freitas , Leite Maria José de Holanda
Published: April 2021

Em meio ao um surto pandêmico, todos os setores da economia foram afetados, de maneira mais ou menos intensa, desde os de matérias-primas, de transformação, até o de serviços, sendo que as medidas restritivas de circulação impactaram os sistemas de produção e redes de comercialização, devido a esse acontecimento tanto produtores e feirantes tiveram que se adaptar a outras mudanças quanto ao meio de comercialização dos seus produtos. Em virtude da grande importância do tema em questão, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e avaliar a situação dos feirantes, a respeito da comercialização dos seus produtos, levando em consideração os aspectos sociais e econômicos para a obtenção de informações relevantes da real situação comercial na principal feira do município de Bom Jardim antes e durante a pandemia. Através da coleta de materiais por meio de questionário. Nesse contexto, foi possível apresentar um breve panorama da situação entre agricultores familiares, a maior parte dos feirantes que relataram não ter tido dificuldades com as mudanças impostas pela pandemia foram aqueles que conseguiram se adaptar às oportunidades trazidas pela crise, os mesmos tiveram a necessidade de se manter na atividade mesmo nas adversidades, e continuaram a desenvolver uma agricultura de resiliência. Obtivemos nos resultados, porcentagens expressivas mostram o quanto a pandemia do covid-19 impactou no meio de vida em relação a comercialização dos feirantes. Mediante as análises dos dados coletado, recomendasse mais investimentos na infraestrutura do mercado para acomodação dos feirantes proporcionando organização e higiene.
Stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity under the influence of low strength electric field
Authors: Kavalenka Alena I. , Yushkevich Artsemi M. , Kavalenka Elizaveta A. , Kavalenka Anton N.
Published: April 2021

It is assumed that electrical stimulation can be the most important physical effect providing regulation of the activity of immune cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). To study the effect of electrical stimulation on PMNL activity, the experimental setup based on electric signal generator and biochemiluminometer was developed, which allows performing electrostimulation of cells and studying the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PMNL simultaneously. Impact on the cells was carried out using electrodes immersed in incubation medium connected to electric signal generator. Non-uniform electric field was established, the intensity of which decreased with distance and time that imitated the characteristics of endogenous electric fields in places of inflammation in organism. During stimulation, the field strength was low, up to 1 V/cm. It was found that as a result of electrical stimulation, a change in the functional capabilities of human blood PMNL is observed. The severity of effects depends on the voltage applied to the electrodes and the duration of the observation. The key functional processes in PMNL such as ROS generation and myeloperoxidase enzyme secretion are enhanced in the initial period of electric field influence. A few hours after electrical stimulation, inhibition of PMNL activity and the gradual destruction of cells are observed. The obtained data testify the regulatory role of electrical stimulation in relation to PMNL activity which necessary for the implementation of the bodyʼs immune defense.
Determination of atmospheric pollution of megapolis by space data
Authors: Katkovsky Leonid V.
Published: April 2021

At present, air pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems. To monitor the air condition, sampling methods are used at stationary and automatic stations, lidar ground measurements and satellite monitoring. In Belarus, the atmosphere is monitored at 66 stationary stations of the National Environmental Monitoring System of the Republic of Belarus. The main disadvantage of the sampling method at stations is its localization and inoperability. The method implemented in the work overcomes these shortcomings. Estimates of the atmospheric pollution of megacities in units of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) are carried out using the space reflection spectrum and the image in red region of the visible spectrum. Using data from the EO-1, Landsat, Sentinel-2 satellites, as well as calculations, the integral pollution levels (in MPC) over the city of Minsk were obtained in 2015 and 2016. Estimated pollution values averaged over the quarter were compared with data from the annual of the status of atmospheric air of the National Environmental Monitoring System of the Republic of Belarus. The method showed good agreement between the data. However, the conditions of application and the accuracy of this method require further research and evaluation, the advantages and disadvantages of the method are analyzed in the work, and ways to overcome the identified shortcomings are outlined.
Relativistic electric potential near a resting straight carbon nanotube of a finite-length with stationary current
Authors: Poklonski Nikolai A. , Halimski Ivan A. , Vyrko Sergey A. , Vlassov Anatoli T. , Hieu Nguyen Ngoc
Published: April 2021

Based on the Lienard – Wiechert potentials for a uniformly and rectilinearly moving electron, a relativistic electric field is studied near a densely filled with potassium atoms single-walled carbon nanotube (K@CNT) with a stationary electric current inside it. The relativistic electric field in the laboratory coordinate system arises (due to the Lorentz transformations) only for a nanotube of a finite length. This field is a result of summation of the Coulomb fields of stationary positively charged ionic cores of potassium and an equal number of ballistically moving valence electrons of potassium that create a current. It is shown that the magnitude of the negative relativistic electric potential of K@CNT in the direction perpendicular to the nanotube does not depend on the direction of the current density. The relationship is obtained between the K@CNT radius and the number of open channels of ballistic electron transfer over potassium atoms. The Landauer formula is used, which relates the number of open quasi-one-dimensional channels and the direct current electrical conduction. For the first time, analytical formulas are obtained for the dependence of the relativistic potential near K@CNT on the electric voltage between the ends of the nanotube and on its radius in the limit of zero absolute temperature. The case is considered when the distance from the point of registration of the relativistic potential above the center of the nanotube is much less than its length. For nanotube with diameter of 2 nm and length of 100 mm, under an external electric field strength of 5 mV/mm, the magnitude of the potential of the relativistic electric field is of about 2 mV. Modern measurement techniques make it possible to register the predicted relativistic potential.
The begіnnіng of transformatіon of the Belarusіan vіllage
Authors: Kakhanouski Alіaksandr G.
Published: April 2021

The artіcle presents the begіnnіng of the systemіc transformatіon of the Belarusіan vіllage, іts transіtіon from tradіtіon to modernіty lіnked wіth the abolіtіon of serfdom, whіch іn іts turn was the fіrst and most іmportant reform together wіth other bourgeoіs reforms. Transformatіon of the vіllage embraced the socіo-economіc organіsatіon, cultural lіfe of the vіllage, demographіc behavіour, іngraіned peasantry іdentіfіcatіon. The author draws attentіon to the fact that economy based on serfdom іn Belarus shortly before іts abolіtіon was more wіdely represented than іn many other regіons of the Russіan Empіre. The author goes on to show the process of іmplementatіon of the reform of 1861, іts peculіarіtіes іn Belarus. Also the land arrangement of varіous categorіes of peasantry іs characterіsed. The author states that іn condіtіons of abolіtіon of serfdom on the terrіtory of Belarus changes carrіed out by the authorіtіes of the Russіan Empіre owіng to the uprіsіng of 1863 actually had the nature of an іndependent reform іn terms of іntensіty of theіr consequences. The author concludes that the maіn result of the reform of 1861 was the attaіnment by peasants of personal lіberty, whіle the fate of modernіsatіon processes іn Belarus іn the second half of the 19th – the begіnnіng of the 20th century, fіrst of all, depended on the degree of іnvolvement peasants іn these processes, who consequently became subjects of socіo-economіc, socіo-polіtіcal and cultural processes.
Модель деформируемой диаграммы Вороного для исследования плоского напряженно-деформированного состояния
Authors: Chaiko Victor V. , Konovalov Oleg L.
Published: April 2021

Рассматривается подход к моделированию процессов геомеханики на основе метода внутренних сил. В частности, исследуется проблема неинвариантности метода к поворотам. Предложена оригинальная модификация метода на основе дополнительных центральных сил, определяемых деформациями сопряженных ячеек Вороного. Получено аналитическое соотношение между параметрами микроструктурной модели и упругими свойствами моделируемого материала. Представлены результаты численных экспериментов по верификации данного соотношения и точности моделирования напряженно-деформированного состояния.
Первая смешанная задача для общего телеграфного уравнения с переменными коэффициентами на полупрямой
Authors: Lomautsau Fiodar E.
Published: April 2021

Впервые получена явная формула единственного и устойчивого классического решения неоднородного модельного телеграфного уравнения с переменной скоростью в части первой четверти плоскости, где заданы граничное и начальные условия. Доказана корректность первой смешанной задачи для общего неоднородного телеграфного уравнения в первой четверти плоскости. Существование классического решения установлено методом продолжения по параметру с помощью теорем о повышении гладкости сильных решений. Единственность этого решения выведена из энергетического неравенства для сильных решений. Установлена устойчивость решения и получены необходимые и достаточные условия гладкости граничного и начальных данных и три условия их согласования с правой частью уравнения. Для правой части уравнения указаны достаточные требования гладкости.
О некоторых проблемах неустойчивости в полудинамических системах
Authors: Kalitine Boris S.
Published: April 2021

Рассматривается задача о неустойчивости замкнутого положительно инвариантного множества M полудинамической системы на произвольном метрическом пространстве X. Второй метод Ляпунова для таких задач разработан достаточно полно в случае, когда множество M компактно, а пространство X локально компактно. Получены достаточные условия неустойчивости в терминах функций Ляпунова в двух ситуациях: M обладает окрестностью положительно устойчивых по Лагранжу полутраекторий; пространство X асимптотически компактно в некоторой окрестности множества M.
О счетнокомпактифицируемости в смысле Морита
Authors: Kukrak Hleb O. , Timokhovich Vladimir L.
Published: April 2021

Рассматривается расширение Y топологического пространства Х, которое канонически вкладывается в волмэновское расширение ωX, при этом в нем замкнуто любое счетно-компактное замкнутое в Х множество и имеет предельную точку любое лежащее в Х бесконечное множество. Такое расширение названо насыщением пространства Х. Находится необходимое и достаточное условие счетнокомпактности пространства Y. Тем самым решается проблема существования счетнокомпактификации в смысле Морита определенного типа.
Графы самопересечений замкнутых ломаных
Authors: Prochorov Nikolai P. , Dul Ekaterina N.
Published: April 2021

Введен и изучен такой подкласс струнных графов, как графы самопересечений замкнутых ломаных (класс CPC-графов). Указаны необходимые условия принадлежности графа к классу CPC, запрещенные подграфы данного класса, операции над графами, сохраняющие их принадлежность к классу CPC. Рассмотрен вопрос о существовании k-регулярных CPC-графов, в частности найдены пары (k, n) и приведены оценки на количество значений k, при которых существует k-регулярный граф на n вершинах, показано существование бесконечного числа k-регулярных CPC-графов для любого k∈N. Исследованы алгоритмические вопросы в классе CPC-графов. Доказано, что задачи о доминирующем множестве, раскраске, независимости и наибольшем цикле в классе CPC графов являются NP-трудными, а задача распознавания CPC-графов принадлежит к классу PSPACE.
Verification of the neo-Marxist concept of global semi-periphery (on the example of the role of the migration factor)
Authors: Mikhailouski Vadzim S.
Published: April 2021

Neo-Marxism world-system analysis was an effective means of the understanding of the postcolonial global order. The concepts of «core», «periphery» and «semi-periphery» reflected the dependent development of states in the global capitalist system. Capitalism structured the global order in the classical Marxist dichotomy of exploiters and exploited which can be represented with various subjects (states, groups of states, territories) and which according to neo-Marxism can’t disappear, because it reflects the essence of global antagonism. However, the realities of global development at the end of the 20th century demanded that neo-Marxism should reconsider the rigid link between the core-peripheral approach and the horizontal vision of the world: globalisation caused massive flows of migrants to highly developed countries and the gradual blurring of the boundaries between the core and periphery. There was the question in neo-Marxism which was about the ability of capitalism to preserve the core-peripheral organisation of the global division of labour. There was the idea that capitalism was able to reproduce core-periphery relations within the core states by including immigrants in the super-exploitation of labour through a covert policy of neo-racism. Such a vertical organisation of the core-peripheral model around the world, which was called dual society in neo-Marxism, would mean the formation of the global semi-periphery. The purpose of the article is to verify the neo-Marxist concept of the global semi-periphery using the example of the role of the migration factor in its formation. The study is based on UN data, as well as studies with a pronounced statistical component. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the neo-Marxist concept of the global semi-periphery had not been verified by actual empirical material (on the example of the role of the migration factor). The available statistical and analytical data do not allow to totally confirm the neo-Marxist position that the global order under the influence of migration has been transformed and that it works in the conceptual model of a dual society. Globally, migration is not a determining factor in the widespread formation and unification of the dual method of labour exploitation within states. The quantitative data on the flow of migrants, comparative data on salaries in the countries of the core and the degree of concentration of income among certain groups of the population in the countries of the capitalist system state that the world is still largely reproduced in the horizontal core-peripheral model. Thus, there are no empirical grounds for stating the presence of a global dual society under the influence of the migration factor and consequently the presence of a global semi-periphery within the neo-Marxist approach of E. Balibar, I. Wallerstein, M. Hardt and A. Negri.
Digital transformation of the labour sphere: a comparative analysis of the indicators of Russia and Belarus
Authors: Titarenko Larissa G. , Karapetyan Ruben V.
Published: April 2021

The article provides a comparative analysis of the indicators of development and dissemination of information and communication technologies in the field of labour, achieved in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in the process of digital transformation of the sphere of labour within the framework of state programs for the development of digitalisation in both countries. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of digital transformation processes that determine changes in the social and labour sphere of the two countries. The goal is revealed by solving two main tasks – the analysis of state statistics data and the analysis of the results of sociological research conducted in this area. The authors proceed from the thesis of the duality of the processes of digitalisation of labour and show that they not only bring positive results, but also create new risks and threats to humanitarian security. Comparative analysis of statistics shows the success achieved by each country in the digital transformation of labour, reveals the trends of this process, while the results of sociological research reveal the negative consequences of the same processes (technostress, the growth of digital inequality, burnout of the employee). It is concluded that there is a need for a balanced approach to the further development of the digitalisation of labour and the development of social policy measures aimed at reducing potential risks to the working man.
The Relationship Between Cognitive Performance and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents
Authors: Knatauskaitė Justė , Pukėnas Kazimieras , Kentra Tomas
Published: April 2021

Background. Literature suggests cardiorespiratory fitness as a factor influencing cognitive improvement. The authors of the present study sought to investigate if cardiorespiratory fitness related to cognitive performance after an acute bout of game-based exercise of different intensities in adolescents.

Methods.  As many as 37 adolescents (24 girls and 13 boys, 15–16 years of age) were assigned to three groups: experimental group 1 (EX 1), experimental group 2 (EX 2), and control (CON) group. The experimental groups experienced different levels of exercise intensity (EX 1 – light intensity, EX 2 – vigorous intensity). The Shuttle Run Test was performed a week before the intervention and VO2peak was calculated. Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) was evaluated before and after the acute intervention. A 2 x 3 repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the SDMT and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to estimate the relationship between the cognitive performance (SDMT) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak).

Results. Comparing the SDMT scores before and after the intervention, there were no differences found between the three groups. Neither in any of the experimental groups nor in the control group was a relationship between the SDMT score and VO2peak observed.

Conclusion. Acute game-based exercise intervention did not prove to improve cognitive performance effectively. The authors of the present paper did not confirm the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance in adolescents.

Keywords: exercise, cognitive performance, cardiorespiratory fitness.
The Current State of Export and Import of Light Industry Production in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Aidarbekov M. , Salpieva T.
Published: April 2021

This scientific article is devoted to the analysis of the foreign trade balance of the Kyrgyz Republic for textile products over the past twenty years. The authors studied the problems of export-import operations during the membership of Kyrgyzstan in the WTO and the EAEU; and also revealed the reasons for the decline in exports of light industry products of the republic and considered possible ways to expand (increase) exports of light industry products in modern conditions. The object of the research was the social relations associated with the policy of stimulating the competitiveness of light industry products. The subject of the research is the stages of development of exports and imports of light industry products in the Kyrgyz Republic. Research methods are: comparative, statistical, economic forecasting method. The authors summarize that in order to expand export-import operations in the republic, it is necessary to create a full-fledged sewing cluster on the basis of enterprises in Bishkek and the Chui region, covering key links of the production chain, including textile production, improving logistics, on which the economic security of the republic depends.
Opportunities of the Integrated Electronic Portfolio in Improving Managerial Competencies, Leading Personnel of Universities
Authors: Otamurodov G. , Siddikov G.
Published: April 2021

This article discusses about the development of management skills and leadership potential of the higher education institutions and these establishments play an important role in improving the quality of education, effective organization of scientific and innovative activities in the country. The introduction of an integrated electronic portfolio provides for the formation of an effective management system in higher educational institutions, self-assessment of the level of independent development of professional and personal qualities of management and teaching staff, improvement of the professional and managerial competence of personnel, based on statistical and variable programs aimed at the need for the development of professional and managerial competence of personnel, thus it becomes possible to define differentiated forms of professional development.
On the Application of Innovative Technologies in Ecological Education
Authors: Ismailova Sh. , Ibragimova Sh.
Published: April 2021

This article is devoted to the issue of the organization of ecological education of students in higher educational institutions; methodological recommendations on the use of problem-search and case technologies in the pedagogical process have also been developed. The basis was the task to analyze the causes and consequences of climate change, to provide students with the opportunity to study the observed trends in the Republic of Uzbekistan, to acquaint them with the international movement on climate change. Practical work is offered. The effectiveness of the approach was shown by the assessment of the work result.
Phraseological Expressions and Other Stereotyped Expressions
Authors: Bashtabak A.
Published: April 2021

Today, there is some confusion in research on phraseology, in the identification and classification of phraseological expressions. There are doubts about what is used in speech: a phraseological expression, a proverb, or another fixed expression. It is noteworthy that although the theoretical information about saws and proverbs is generally similar to each other, there are big differences in the examples given. With the help of this study, we will try to reveal the topic of phraseological expressions and its relationship with other species.
Modern Electric Power Terminology: Structural and Semantic Aspects
Authors: Galiakberova A.
Published: April 2021

The article under discussion is devoted to the study of general issues of terminology and terminological activity in the field of electric power on the material of English, Russian and Uzbek languages. The development of electric power industry affects the state of different industries and everyday life of people all over the world. This industry concerns energy production, transmission, distribution and sale. Accordingly, all countries of the world pay due attention to it, and states carry out obligatory regulation in this sphere. The author of the article examines semantic, morphological and syntactic features of renewable energy terminology in order to determine the most productive way of terminology in this scientific field.
Scientific Approaches to the Study of Youth Sociolect in Linguistics
Authors: Akramova N.
Published: April 2021

Modern linguistics has close connections with interlingual and intercultural communication. In this regard, one of the main components of scientific research is youth sociolect. It is the study of youth language that helps to predict the future development of modern spoken language. Currently, there are relatively few scientific linguistic works and studies devoted to the issue of the use of modern youth slang. This fact is explained by the entrenched view of the vocabulary of youth sociolect as something minor and not worthy of a scientific description. The relevance of this article is due to the need for a fuller identification and comprehensive study of youth sociolect as a special subsystem of the language, which is characterized by a certain range of speakers and its own vocabulary.
Unresolved Issues in RNA Therapeutics in Vascular Diseases With a Focus on Aneurysm Disease
Authors: Schellinger Isabel N. , Dannert Angelika R. , Mattern Karin , Raaz Uwe , Tsao Philip S.
Published: April 2021

New technologies have greatly shaped the scientific and medical landscape within the last years. The unprecedented expansion of data and information on RNA biology has led to the discovery of new RNA classes with unique functions and unexpected modifications. Today, the biggest challenge is to transfer the large number of findings in basic RNA biology into corresponding clinical RNA-based therapeutics. Lately, this research begins to yield positive outcomes. RNA drugs advance to the final phases of clinical trials or even receive FDA approval. Furthermore, the introduction of the RNA-guided gene-editing technology CRISPR and advances in the delivery of messenger RNAs have triggered a major progression in the field of RNA-therapeutics. Especially short interfering RNAs and antisense oligonucleotides are promising examples for novel categories of therapeutics. However, several issues need to be addressed including intracellular delivery, toxicity, and immune responses before utilizing RNAs in a clinical setting. In this review, we provide an overview on opportunities and challenges for clinical translation of RNA-based therapeutics, with an emphasis on advances in novel delivery technologies and abdominal aortic aneurysm disease where non-coding RNAs have been shown to play a crucial regulatory role.
The Incremental Prognostic Value of the Clinical Residual SYNTAX Score for Patients With Chronic Renal Insufficiency Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Yan Liqiu , Li Peiyao , Wang Yabin , Han Dong , Li Sulei , Jiang Min , Cao Xufen , Cao Feng
Published: April 2021

Background: The residual SYNTAX score (RSS) is considered a powerful prognostic indicator for determining a reasonable revascularization strategy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but the absence of clinical parameters is one of the limitations of RSS, especially in the chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) comorbidity setting. The present work aimed to investigate the incremental prognostic value of clinical residual SYNTAX score (CRSS) compared with RSS in CRI cases after PCI.

Methods: Totally 2,468 consecutive CRI cases who underwent PCI from January 2014 to September 2017 were included in this retrospective analysis. CRSS was obtained by multiplying RSS by the modified ACEF score. Individuals with CRSS >0 were considered to have incomplete revascularization and stratified by CRSS tertiles, the remaining cases constituted the complete revascularization (CR) group. The outcomes between these groups were compared.

Results: At a median follow-up of 3 years, compared with CR group, individuals with CRSS >12 showed elevated rates of all clinical outcomes, and those with CRSS ≤ 12 showed similar all-cause and cardiac mortality rates. In multivariable analysis, CRSS was a powerful independent predictive factor of all clinical outcomes. The net reclassification improvement levels of CRSS over RSS for all-cause and cardiac mortality rates were 10.3% (p = 0.007) and 16.4% (p < 0.001), respectively. Compared with RSS, CRSS markedly ameliorated all-cause and cardiac mortality risk stratification.

Conclusions: Compared with RSS, CRSS has incremental predictability for long-term all-cause and cardiac mortality in CRI cases following PCI.
microRNA-214-3p Suppresses Ankylosing Spondylitis Fibroblast Osteogenesis via BMP–TGFβ Axis and BMP2
Authors: Ding Lixiang , Yin Yukun , Hou Yu , Jiang Haoran , Zhang Ji , Dai Zhong , Zhang Genai
Published: April 2021

Recent investigations suggest microRNAs (miRs) exert functions in fibroblast osteogenesis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), an inflammatory rheumatic disease. But the mechanism of miR-214-3p in osteogenic differentiation in AS is not clearly understood yet. In this study, fibroblasts were obtained from the capsular ligament of patients with AS and femoral neck fracture and cultured for osteogenic induction and identified. The roles of miR-214-3p and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) in AS fibroblast osteogenesis were assessed via gain- and loss-of-function, alizarin red S staining, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection. Levels of miR-214-3p, BMP2, osteogenic differentiation-related proteins, and BMP–TGFβ axis-related proteins were further measured. Consequently, miR-214-3p was downregulated in AS fibroblasts, with enhanced ALP activity and calcium nodules, which were reversed by miR-214-3p overexpression. BMP2 was a target gene of miR-214-3p and promoted AS fibroblast osteogenesis by activating BMP–TGFβ axis, while miR-214-3p inhibited AS fibroblast osteogenesis by targeting BMP2. Together, miR-214-3p could prevent AS fibroblast osteogenic differentiation by targeting BMP2 and blocking BMP–TGFβ axis. This study may offer a novel insight for AS treatment.
Treatment Strategies for GLILD in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lamers Olivia A. C. , Smits Bas M. , Leavis Helen Louisa , de Bree Godelieve J. , Cunningham-Rundles Charlotte , Dalm Virgil A. S. H. , Ho Hsi-en , Hurst John R. , IJspeert Hanna , Prevaes Sabine M. P. J. , Robinson Alex , van Stigt Astrid C. , Terheggen-Lagro Suzanne , van de Ven Annick A. J. M. , Warnatz Klaus , van de Wijgert Janneke H. H. M. , van Montfrans Joris
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Besides recurrent infections, a proportion of patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVID) may suffer from immune dysregulation such as granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD). The optimal treatment of this complication is currently unknown. Experienced-based expert opinions have been produced, but a systematic review of published treatment studies is lacking.

Goals

To summarize and synthesize the published literature on the efficacy of treatments for GLILD in CVID.

Methods

We performed a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines. Papers describing treatment and outcomes in CVID patients with radiographic and/or histologic evidence of GLILD were included. Treatment regimens and outcomes of treatment were summarized.

Results

6124 papers were identified and 42, reporting information about 233 patients in total, were included for review. These papers described case series or small, uncontrolled studies of monotherapy with glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressants, rituximab monotherapy or rituximab plus azathioprine, abatacept, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Treatment response rates varied widely. Cross-study comparisons were complicated because different treatment regimens, follow-up periods, and outcome measures were used. There was a trend towards more frequent GLILD relapses in patients treated with corticosteroid monotherapy when compared to rituximab-containing treatment regimens based on qualitative endpoints. HSCT is a promising alternative to pharmacological treatment of GLILD, because it has the potential to not only contain symptoms, but also to resolve the underlying pathology. However, mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients, is high.

Conclusions

We could not draw definitive conclusions regarding optimal pharmacological treatment for GLILD in CVID from the current literature since quantitative, well-controlled evidence was lacking. While HSCT might be considered a treatment option for GLILD in CVID, the risks related to the procedure are high. Our findings highlight the need for further research with uniform, objective and quantifiable endpoints. This should include international registries with standardized data collection including regular pulmonary function tests (with carbon monoxide-diffusion), uniform high-resolution chest CT radiographic scoring, and uniform treatment regimens, to facilitate comparison of treatment outcomes and ultimately randomized clinical trials.
Circulating Interleukins and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Lu Hui , Wu Peng-Fei , Zhang Wan , Liao Xiaoyao
Published: April 2021

Background

Previous research have implicated critical roles of systemic inflammation in the development of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). But the causal relationship between interleukins (ILs) and MS has not been fully elucidated.

Objective

In this study, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches to address the causal associations between genetically determined circulating levels of ILs and the risk of MS.

Methods

Genetic instruments for circulating IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-2 receptor α subunit (IL-2Rα), IL-6, IL-16, IL-17, and IL-18 were obtained from recently published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Summary-level data for MS were obtained from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. MR analyses were performed using the R software (version 3.6.1, The R Foundation) and the TwoSampleMR package.

Results

Genetic predisposition to higher circulating levels of IL-2Rα were significantly associated with MS risk. The odds ratio (OR) was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.32; p < 0.001) per one standard deviation increase in circulating IL-2Rα levels. There was a suggestive association of circulating IL-1Ra with MS risk (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88–0.99; p = 0.027). The other ILs were not associated with the outcome.

Conclusion

Our results indicated that circulating IL-2Rα was causally associated with risk of MS.
Interleukin-33-Dependent Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells Mediates Pulmonary Epithelial Regeneration During Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Tan Wen , Zhang Bohan , Liu Xinpei , Zhang Chaoji , Liu Jianzhou , Miao Qi
Published: April 2021

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) triggered mostly by infection, is a syndrome that involves respiratory failure. ARDS induces strong local infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the lungs, and Treg cells were recently highlighted as being related to the repair of various tissue. However, at present, there is still a lack of adequate evidence showing the impact of Treg cells on pulmonary regeneration during ARDS. Here, we verified that Treg cells are strongly induced in ARDS mice and Treg depletion results in impaired lung repair. Moreover, Treg cells show high expression of ST2, a cellular receptor for the tissue alarmin IL-33, which is strongly upregulated in the lung during ARDS. In addition, we demonstrated that IL-33 signaling is crucial for Treg cell accumulation, and ST2-blocked mice show a decrease in the Treg cell population. Critically, transfer of exogenous IL-33 into Treg depleted mice restored Treg cells and facilitated lung regeneration by promoting alveolar type II cell (AEC2) recovery in ARDS, with elevated neutrophils infiltration and upregulated TGF-β1 release. These results emphasized the importance of IL-33 in accelerating the expansion of pulmonary Treg cells and promoting their activity to mediate pulmonary epithelial regeneration during ARDS in a TGF-β1-dependent manner.
Age-Related Differences in Molecular Profiles for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Authors: Zhang Qi-jie , Luan Jiao-chen , Song Le-bin , Cong Rong , Ji Cheng-jian , Zhou Xiang , Xia Jia-dong , Song Ning-hong
Published: April 2021

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have significantly improved the prognosis and shown considerable promise for cancer therapy; however, differences in ICB treatment efficacy between the elderly and young are unknown. We analyzed the studies enrolled in the meta-analysis using the deft approach, and found no difference in efficacy except melanoma patients receiving anti–PD-1 therapy. Similarly, higher treatment response rate and more favorable prognosis were observed in elderly patients in some cancer types (e.g., melanoma) with data from published ICB treatment clinical trials. In addition, we comprehensively compared immunotherapy-related molecular profiles between elderly and young patients from public trials and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and validated these findings in several independent datasets. We discovered a divergent age-biased immune profiling, including the properties of tumors (e.g., tumor mutation load) and immune features (e.g., immune cells), in a pancancer setting across 27 cancer types. We believe that ICB treatment efficacy might vary depending on specific cancer types and be determined by both the tumor internal features and external immune microenvironment. Considering the high mutational properties in elderly patients in many cancer types, modulating immune function could be beneficial to immunotherapy in the elderly, which requires further investigation.
Upregulated IL-32 Expression And Reduced Gut Short Chain Fatty Acid Caproic Acid in People Living With HIV With Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: El-Far Mohamed , Durand Madeleine , Turcotte Isabelle , Larouche-Anctil Etienne , Sylla Mohamed , Zaidan Sarah , Chartrand-Lefebvre Carl , Bunet Rémi , Ramani Hardik , Sadouni Manel , Boldeanu Irina , Chamberland Annie , Lesage Sylvie , Baril Jean-Guy , Trottier Benoit , Thomas Réjean , Gonzalez Emmanuel , Filali-Mouhim Ali , Goulet Jean-Philippe , Martinson Jeffrey A. , Kassaye Seble , Karim Roksana , Kizer Jorge R. , French Audrey L. , Gange Stephen J. , Ancuta Petronela , Routy Jean-Pierre , Hanna David B. , Kaplan Robert C. , Chomont Nicolas , Landay Alan L. , Tremblay Cécile L.
Published: April 2021

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) are still at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that are mediated by chronic inflammation. Identification of novel inflammatory mediators with the inherent potential to be used as CVD biomarkers and also as therapeutic targets is critically needed for better risk stratification and disease management in PLWH. Here, we investigated the expression and potential role of the multi-isoform proinflammatory cytokine IL-32 in subclinical atherosclerosis in PLWH (n=49 with subclinical atherosclerosis and n=30 without) and HIV- controls (n=25 with subclinical atherosclerosis and n=24 without). While expression of all tested IL-32 isoforms (α, β, γ, D, ϵ, and θ) was significantly higher in peripheral blood from PLWH compared to HIV- controls, IL-32D and IL-32θ isoforms were further upregulated in HIV+ individuals with coronary artery atherosclerosis compared to their counterparts without. Upregulation of these two isoforms was associated with increased plasma levels of IL-18 and IL-1β and downregulation of the atheroprotective protein TRAIL, which together composed a unique atherosclerotic inflammatory signature specific for PLWH compared to HIV- controls. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that modulation of these inflammatory variables was independent of age, smoking, and statin treatment. Furthermore, our in vitro functional data linked IL-32 to macrophage activation and production of IL-18 and downregulation of TRAIL, a mechanism previously shown to be associated with impaired cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis. Finally, increased expression of IL-32 isoforms in PLWH with subclinical atherosclerosis was associated with altered gut microbiome (increased pathogenic bacteria; Rothia and Eggerthella species) and lower abundance of the gut metabolite short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) caproic acid, measured in fecal samples from the study participants. Importantly, caproic acid diminished the production of IL-32, IL-18, and IL-1β in human PBMCs in response to bacterial LPS stimulation. In conclusion, our studies identified an HIV-specific atherosclerotic inflammatory signature including specific IL-32 isoforms, which is regulated by the SCFA caproic acid and that may lead to new potential therapies to prevent CVD in ART-treated PLWH.
Central Nervous System Barriers Impact Distribution and Expression of iNOS and Arginase-1 in Infiltrating Macrophages During Neuroinflammation
Authors: Ivan Daniela C. , Walthert Sabrina , Locatelli Giuseppe
Published: April 2021

In multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neuroinflammatory diseases, monocyte-derived cells (MoCs) traffic through distinct central nervous system (CNS) barriers and gain access to the organ parenchyma exerting detrimental or beneficial functions. How and where these MoCs acquire their different functional commitments during CNS invasion remains however unclear, thus hindering the design of MS treatments specifically blocking detrimental MoC actions. To clarify this issue, we investigated the distribution of iNOS+ pro-inflammatory and arginase-1+ anti-inflammatory MoCs at the distinct border regions of the CNS in a mouse model of MS. Interestingly, MoCs within perivascular parenchymal spaces displayed a predominant pro-inflammatory phenotype compared to MoCs accumulating at the leptomeninges and at the intraventricular choroid plexus (ChP). Furthermore, in an in vitro model, we could observe the general ability of functionally-polarized MoCs to migrate through the ChP epithelial barrier, together indicating the ChP as a potential CNS entry and polarization site for MoCs. Thus, pro- and anti-inflammatory MoCs differentially accumulate at distinct CNS barriers before reaching the parenchyma, but the mechanism for their phenotype acquisition remains undefined. Shedding light on this process, we observed that endothelial (BBB) and epithelial (ChP) CNS barrier cells can directly regulate transcription of Nos2 (coding for iNOS) and Arg1 (coding for arginase-1) in interacting MoCs. More specifically, while TNF-α+IFN-γ stimulated BBB cells induced Nos2 expression in MoCs, IL-1β driven activation of endothelial BBB cells led to a significant upregulation of Arg1 in MoCs. Supporting this latter finding, less pro-inflammatory MoCs could be found nearby IL1R1+ vessels in the mouse spinal cord upon neuroinflammation. Taken together, our data indicate differential distribution of pro- and anti-inflammatory MoCs at CNS borders and highlight how the interaction of MoCs with CNS barriers can significantly affect the functional activation of these CNS-invading MoCs during autoimmune inflammation.