bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Acoustic Panel from Composites of Coconut Husk Waste Powder and Styrofoam Resin and its Sound Absorption Performance
Authors: Rusdi Suharno , Bafadal Farah D. , Chafidz Achmad , Amin Tuasikal M. , Hartanto Dhoni
Published: May 2021

In this study we have fabricated acoustic panel made from composites of coconut husk waste powder and styrofoam resin. The objectives of this study were to prepare the acoustic panel and to study the effect of amount of styrofoam resin and thickness of the panel on the sound absorption performance of the composites sample. The acoustic panel was prepared by varying the amount of styrofoam resin (i.e. 250 g and 300 g) mixed with 150 g of coconut hust waste powder and the thickness of the panel (i.e. 1 cm and 1.5 cm). The total of four samples were characterized for their sound absorption coefficient. The samples were tested at Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Solo. The sample testing results showed that the amount of styrofoam resin used in the making of the composites panel and the thickness of the panel have played important role in improving the sound absorption coefficient of the composites panel. Based on the sample testing results, among all the four acoustic panel samples, the sample with the best preformance in the noise absorption properties was the Sample B-2 with sound or noise absorption coefficient of 0.77698. Additionally, the sample with the lowest noice reflection coefficient value was the sample with styrofoam resin of 250 g and thickness of 1.5 cm (i.e. Sample A-2), which was about 0.39401 at frequency test of 1600 H.
Artificial Neural Network Approach for Modelling Modified Zeolite Adsorption
Authors: Putra Jouvan Chandra Pratama , Safrilah Safrilah , Wijayanto Sigit , Novianti Mirsa Diah
Published: May 2021

Since experiment scheme is relatively expensive and time-consuming, it is essential to combine between experiment and computer modelling modes. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has capability to model and predict the behavior that is resulted from the experimental data. This paper presented a model of modified zeolite to enhance indoor air quality. The natural zeolite was activated and evaluated by using a set of CO2 sensor that connected to microcontroller of Arduino. Additionally, to model and predict the output of CO2 sensor, an optimum of ANN model was built using two hidden layers. The high correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.5264 with Mean Square Error (MSE) = 7.8714.Consequently, the prediction of ANN model was a remarkable breakthrough as indicated by its percentage difference values that is categorized into tolerable range. Ultimately, ANN model could predict and solve the technical obstacle effectively. . Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Zeolite, Adsorption, Arduino, CO2
Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor 1 Mediates the Pathogenesis of Airway Inflammation in a Murine Model of House Dust Mite–Induced Asthma
Authors: Kammala Ananth K. , Bahal Devika , Yang Canchai , Panettieri Reynold A. , Das Rupali , Subramanian Hariharan
Published: May 2021

Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1), a class I PDZ-binding protein, regulates G protein–coupled receptor signaling in some cell types. NHERF1 also functions as a scaffolding protein and activates non–G protein–coupled receptor signaling pathways, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Although we have previously shown that NHERF1 regulates mast cell functions, there is little information regarding the role of NHERF1 in other immune cells. How NHERF1 regulates the pathogenesis of allergic disease such as asthma also remains unknown. In the current study, we show that NHERF1 promotes allergic airway inflammation in a house dust mite extract (HDME)–induced mouse model of asthma. Specifically, HDME-specific serum IgE levels, airway leukocyte numbers, and goblet cell hyperplasia were reduced in NHERF1+/– mice as compared with NHERF1+/+ mice. Interestingly, the gene expression of inflammatory (IL-17a, IL-25, and IL-33) as well as T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and several chemokines that recruit eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were also decreased in the lungs of NHERF1+/– mice exposed to HDME. Consistent with these observations, microRNAs regulating mucus production, inflammation, Th2 effector functions, and IL-13 expression were increased in the lungs of HDME-treated NHERF1+/– mice. Overall, our studies reveal a unique role for NHERF1 in regulating asthma pathogenesis, and further elucidation of the mechanisms through which NHERF1 modulates allergic inflammation will lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for asthma.
Homicides of black people in Brazil: A study of different regions, using generalized additive regression models-with a geo-spatial component
Authors: Aparecida da Silva Lizzi Elisângela , Garrido Marcos Vinicius Graciano , Xavier Larissa da Silva , Moraes Gessieli Paloma de
Published: May 2021

The number of homicides in Brazil has reached record numbers, and when the race/colour of the victims is considered-an extreme inequality is evident- with a particularly high number of deaths in black and brown populations. The goal of this work was to analyse homicide rates of black people in Brazil from the years 2000 to 2016, using generalized additive regression models, with a geo-spatial component. The statistics were applied to understand the social reasons for homicide risks in the black population in Brazil’s 26 states and Federal District with reference to the human development index and its components (education, longevity and income) as well as social inequality indices (Gini and Theil). This socioecological, epidemiological study to estimate the risk of homicide in the black population with a time series component, shows that this risk has increased linearly over time. Less longevity and low income correlated with a greater risk of homicide-while the Gini and Theil indices showed that in places where there are greater inequalities, there is also a higher risk of homicide in both black and non-black populations. The results - regarding the possibility of relating social indicators to homicide risk in the regional units under study, would support implementation of interventional public policy measures.
Minimally invasive surgery in India during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Balakrishna Pavithra , Singh Hemant Kumar , Kumar Naresh P. , Jamir Limalemla
Published: May 2021

Background:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to the healthcare systems worldwide. This uncharted territory has changed the practices in modern healthcare delivery; this is particularly true in the case of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) where various changes are being adopted. This survey was conducted to determine the impact of the pandemic and the changes being adopted in the field of MIS, from a resource-limited developing country, India.

Materials and Methods:

The survey was carried out from 27 July to 22 August 2020, amongst MIS surgeons in India using an online questionnaire generated on Google Forms.

Results:

The survey was completed by 251 MIS surgeons nationwide. There was a proportional reduction of overall elective surgeries and MIS. Approximately 30% of the surgeons continued to use MIS, as during the pre-pandemic era. Pre-operative tests for COVID-19 (96.1%) and personal protective equipment (PPE, 66%–86%), including respirators (95.2%), are used uniformly across the nation. Almost half (43.1%) of the MIS surgeons are using ≥6 recommended intraoperative modifications in MIS to mitigate the COVID-19 transmission.

Conclusion:

MIS surgeons in India have adapted within a short time to the challenge of the pandemic by embracing pre-operative testing, PPE and new techniques/technologies to continue patient care. Innovations and low-cost indigenous customisations are the need of the hour for a developing country like India. Further studies are required to establish the true risk of viral transmission involved in MIS and the efficacies of the techniques/devices to reduce the spread of the virus.
Three-dimensional versus conventional two-dimensional laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer
Authors: Yang Yi-Wen , Huang Sheng-Chieh , Chang Shih-Ching , Wang Huann-Sheng , Yang Shung-Haur , Chen Wei-Shone , Lan Yuan-Tzu , Lin Chun-Chi , Lin Hung-Hsin , Jiang Jeng-Kai
Published: May 2021

Background:

Three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy was developed to overcome the drawbacks of two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopy, namely lack of depth perception. However, the benefit of 3D laparoscopy in colorectal surgery is inconclusive. Here, we compare the 3-year follow-up outcomes of 3D and 2D laparoscopic colectomy.

Patients and Methods:

A total of 91 consecutive patients who underwent either 3D or 2D laparoscopy colectomy from October 2015 to November 2017 by a single surgical team for colon cancer were enrolled. Data were collected from a prospectively constructed database, including clinico-pathological features and operative parameters. The pathological results, recurrence, survival and systemic treatment were collected from the Taiwan Cancer Database.

Results:

There were 47 patients in the 3D group and 44 in the 2D group. There were no significant differences in characteristics of patients, operation data, pathological results, complications, operative time, blood loss or the number of lymph node harvested between the two groups. In addition, disease-free survival and overall survival were equal between the two groups.

Conclusions:

This is the first long-term result of a 3D laparoscopic colectomy. In our 3-year follow-up, there was no difference in long-term outcomes between 2D and 3D laparoscopy for colorectal surgery in an experienced centre.
The Safety and Effectiveness of Pharmacotherapy for Opioid-Overdose Induced Aspiration Pneumonia in a Referral Poisoning Management University Hospital in Iran
Authors: Tabatabaei Mohammadreza , Dorvashy Gholamali , Soltani Rasoul , Samsamshariat Shiva , Meamar Rokhsareh , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Opioid abuse is widespread throughout the world. Aspiration pneumonia is a serious problem following opioid overdose and poisoning. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of antimicrobial management of opioid-overdose induced aspiration pneumonia in a referral poisoning management university hospital in Iran.

Methods:

In an observational cross-sectional study (September–March 2019), opioid poisoned patients diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia within a maximum of 48 h of their overdose were evaluated regarding several variables, including the level of consciousness on admission, drug regimen used for the treatment of aspiration pneumonia, and its appropriateness, and the correctness of the used antibiotics dose and the therapeutic outcome.

Findings:

During the study, 53 eligible patients were identified and included in the study. The most frequently abused opioids were methadone (60.4%) and opium (17%). “Ceftriaxone + Clindamycin” (54.7%) and “Meropenem + Vancomycin” (9.5%) were the most frequently administered regimens. Regarding treatment outcome, most cases (n = 36, 67.9%) were discharged with a stable and satisfying medical status, while 3.8% of the cases (n = 2) died.

Conclusion:

The use of antibiotics in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia in hospitalized patients with opioid overdose in our referral university hospital is associated with notable antibiotic regimen choice issues. The implementation of strategies for improving the pattern of antibiotic prescribing for these patients is necessary.
Effects on hearing and tinnitus following Dupilumab treatment of severe asthma with chronic rhinosinusitis - a case report
Authors: Thorsberger M. , Porsbjerg C. , Yde J. , Aanaes K.
Published: May 2021

Background: Dupilumab (anti-IL-4R) is a novel biological agent approved for treatment of severe asthma with chronic rhinosinusitis. Beneficial effects on hearing have only been sparsely decribed. Case presentation: In this case story we present a 48-year woman, who experienced remarkably improved hearing and reduction of tinnitus after initiation of Dupilumab. Progress was monitored by respiratory physicians in collaboration with rhinologists and audiologists. SNOT-22 score improved from 83 to 27 and audiograms obtained before and during treatment illustrate a reduced air-bone gap and an improvement of speech recognition threshold from 25 dB (both ears) to 15 and 10 (left and right ear respectively). Conclusions: This case story implies a beneficial effect of Dupilumab treatment in patients with united airway disease with hearing impairment. The authors suggest an additional otological perspective in addition to standard monitoring.
Contemporary early results of late repair of tetralogy of Fallot in children: a single-centre case series
Authors: Mottier Vincent , Prša Milan
Published: May 2021

AIMS
To describe the early results of complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in children older than one year of age.

METHODS
We identified all patients older than one year of age who underwent TOF repair between 2007 and 2017. Data collected included type of surgical repair, survival at 30 days after surgery, reintervention within 30 days of surgery, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay in hospital, and degree of residual right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) stenosis and pulmonary insufficiency 30 days after surgery.

RESULTS
125 children (median age 4.4 years, interquartile range [IQR] 3–5.7) underwent complete repair of TOF, with pulmonary valve preservation in 66%, a transannular patch in 19%, and a valved right ventricular-to-pulmonary artery conduit in 15%. All patients survived. There were twelve (9.6%) reinterventions. Median ICU length of stay was 7 days and median hospital length of stay was 12 days. Significant residual RVOT stenosis was present in 7.2% and significant pulmonary insufficiency in 19.2%. Patients with a transannular patch had a significantly higher proportion of significant residual RVOT stenosis and significant pulmonary insufficiency compared with the other types of surgical repair.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with the existing literature on complete late repair of TOF in children, this study showed good early results with no mortality, similar rates of reintervention and valve-preserving surgery, higher ICU and hospital length of stay, higher incidence of significant residual RVOT stenosis, and lower incidence of significant pulmonary insufficiency. Repair with a transannular patch was a risk factor for significant residual RVOT stenosis and significant pulmonary insufficiency.
A PERSONIFICAÇÃO DO CONFLITO EM ELES NÃO USAM BLACK-TIE (1981), DE LEON HIRSZMAN
Authors:   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil., Silva Brener Neves
Published: May 2021

O final da década de 1980 no Brasil é marcado por um período pré-democrático repleto de diversos conflitos sociais e greves de trabalhadores, temática que reverberou no cinema e no audiovisual. É necessário compreender determinadas produções desse período, como o filme Eles Não Usam BlackTie (1981), de Leon Hirszman, principalmente na relação que os personagens podem vir a estabelecer com os espectadores. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir de que forma o conflito real vivenciado pela classe trabalhadora naquela época se traspôs para os personagens no filme de Hirszman e, para isso, utiliza-se como referência as reflexões de José Carlos Avellar a partir do livro Pai país, mãe pátria. Para essa discussão, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, cujas fontes foram trabalhos científicos publicados em revistas nacionais. Na análise do filme, é possível observar que os personagens representam, de alguma maneira, questões sociopolíticas dos operários na confusa reorganização social pré-democrática brasileira em um processo de personificação do conflito, que transforma o conflito concreto em características e traços de personagens e relações entre eles. Portanto, destacase a importância de expandir os estudos sobre filmes brasileiros e a personificação de conflitos em tramas audiovisuais.
Caracterização de perfis geológicos desenvolvidos em geoambientes da Formação Cruzeiro do Sul, Amazônia sul-ocidental
Authors: Da Silva Caline Pereira , Araújo Edson Alves de , Silva Jessé De França , Moreira Willian Carlos de Lima , Negri Francisco Ricardo , Oliveira Wilber Moacir Souza
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho objetivou realizar a caracterização de atributos morfológicos, físicos e químicos de solos originados da Formação Cruzeiro do Sul, no Vale do Juruá, Acre. Para a descrição morfológica, cinco perfis geológicos foram selecionados e as análises física (granulometria) e químicas (pH em H2O, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+ e matéria orgânica) foram realizadas por meio de amostras dos horizontes e das camadas correlatas. Os solos apresentaram intenso aprofundamento do manto de intemperismo, com predominância das cores alaranjadas e amareladas associadas aos matizes 5 YR, 7.5 YR e 10 YR. A textura franco-argilo-arenosa a arenosa foi predominante, com maiores proporções de areia fina em subsuperfície. A acidez variou de média a elevada, com pH entre 4,6 a 5,2. Os valores das bases trocáveis foram baixos, indicando a pobreza química do material de origem associado à textura arenosa, resultando na baixa fertilidade natural. A textura arenosa também refletiu em baixos teores de matéria orgânica. Os teores de Al3+ chegaram a 12,05 cmolc.dm-3, sendo considerados limitantes para o desenvolvimento vegetal. A capacidade de troca de cátions apresentou correlação positiva com o Al3+ e com a acidez trocável. Os solos originários de sedimentos da Formação Cruzeiro do Sul apresentam baixa fertilidade natural.
Taxonomic synopsis of Leguminosae subfamilies Cercidoideae, Detarioideae, and Dialioideae in the National Forest of Caxiuanã, Pará, Brazil
Authors: De Carvalho Catarina Silva , Pinto Rafael Barbosa , Morim Marli Pires , Santos João Ubiratan Moreira dos
Published: May 2021

We conducted a floristic study in the National Forest of Caxiuanã (FLONA Caxiuanã) located in the state of Pará, Brazil, in the municipalities of Portel and Melgaço. This forest is characterized by  Amazonian physiognomies such as lowlands, seasonally flooded areas (várzea and igapó), Amazonian white-sand scrub (campinarana) and secondary forests. This article provides a taxonomic synopsis of the members of the Leguminosae subfamilies Cercidoideae, Detarioideae, and Dialioideae that occur in the FLONA Caxiuanã, based on herbarium studies and field expeditions. Nineteen species were catalogued, including two members of Cercidoideae, 16 of Detarioideae, and one of Dialioideae. The species of Cercidoideae from FLONA Caxiuanã are restricted to the Amazon forest, and one of them is exclusive to the Brazilian Amazon. Of the species of Detarioideae, 81.25% are restricted to the Amazon forest and 25% are exclusive to the Brazilian Amazon. The single species of Dialioideae is restricted to the Amazon forest. The most species-rich genera belong to Detarioideae: Macrolobium (six species). The two members of Cercidoideae and the only Dialioideae species occur in terra firme forest; the 56.25% species of Detarioideae occur in igapó forests. We include an identification key for the species presented in the synopsis, with illustrations, diagnoses, and taxonomic comments for all catalogued species.
Managerial Effectiveness: Content, Evaluation and Recommendations
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Management, Namangan engineering-technological institute, Namangan region, Uzbekistan, Dedajanov Bahtiyor Nabijanovich
Published: May 2021

In a market economy, a manager is primarily a person with a certain level of qualification, authority and responsibility to implement a company's development strategy, such as production volume, profit, profitability, labor productivity. The article describes the role of management in the effective operation of enterprises, the scientific approaches of scientists in this area, evaluation indicators. Also, the indicators of the enterprise as an object of specific research were analyzed and problems in the work of the manager were indicated. Recommendations are given to overcome the existing problems in management activities.
Determination of Aquifer Parameters Using Theis Method in Malamawi Island, Isabela City, Basilan, Philippines
Authors:   Basilan State College, College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Santa Clara Campus, Lamitan City, Basilan, Philippines, Jalil Alejandro A.
Published: May 2021

The study aims to determine the hydrologic properties of an aquifer of Malamawi Island in terms of transmissivity, storage coefficient, and specific discharge using the Theis method. The study was conducted in March of 2015. The 4 inches 2- boreholes are drilled in two different locations (Diki and Santa Barbara villages) to identify the lithologic properties. A pumping test was performed for forty-five (45) minutes and, drawdowns are observed from the observation well. The shallow aquifer is confined with a transmissivity of 1.70 m2/d, storage coefficient of 0.001012, and specific discharge of 6.53 m2/d.
Progressive Efforts to Optimize Policies to Prevent the Spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia
Authors:   Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Diponegoro, Sarahwati Khalifah Sophy
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze policies to tackle the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia, specifically looking at the progressive side of efforts to contain the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is normative juridical with a statutory approach and the data used in this study are secondary data. Based on the research results, it is known that Covid-19 Government Regulation is a progressive step in handling the Covid-19 case in Indonesia. However, this initial step must be followed by other concrete efforts as a progressive effort to optimize the prevention of the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia. Steps to optimize the implementation of governmental coercion in the steps to implement Covid-19 Government Regulation can be in the form of; restrictions on the mobility of goods and people, closure of schools and workplaces, restrictions on religious activities, closure of public facilities, fulfillment of basic needs of the population, and followed up with the drafting of provincial and regencial/municipal regulations.
Dichotomy and Complementarity between Politicians and Managers in Strategic and Operational Planning. Analysis of an Italian Local Authority
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Economics and Business University of Catania, Cardillo Eleonora
Published: May 2021

The study analyzes the interactive processes between politicians and managers in the context of local authorities. Starting from the literature that deals with dichotomous or complementary models, the aim of the research is to explain the different political and administrative actors logic that characterize these organizations. The nature of the relationships between these subjects constitutes an important element for understanding managerial processes and the approaches in acquiring accounting innovations. The research, through a qualitative approach, presents the case of an Italian local authority. The way in which subjects perceive these dynamics in the strategic and operational planning phase was evaluated and interpreted, highlighting some characteristics and criticalities of the dialectical process.
A possible holistic framework to manage ICT third-party risk in the age of cyber risk
Authors:   Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, Giacchero Andrea , Moretti Jacopo ,   Cassa Depositi e Prestiti
Published: May 2021

Third-party risk for external ICT services, which concerns both the outsourced services and the third-party products, is a crucial issue for a financial institution, because a cyber attack on a vendor can be a threat for the data of its customers. For this reason, financial institutions should adopt a holistic risk management framework to stress the effectiveness of the mitigating actions even when they engage a third-party provider. Risk analysis of external ICT services is necessary to prepare proper mitigation plans that provide enough resources allocation. This paper proposes a possible management framework whose aim is providing indications on security measures and controls to implement against the possible sources of ICT third-party risk, and defining a proper internal process that a financial institution should adopt. In this context, the framework also embodies a model to pick the best vendor among those that a financial institution could choose for an ICT service, which is based on a risk assessment technique focused on the three information security dimensions (confidentiality, integrity, and availability) and on the Borda method.
Design of an algorithm for an adaptive Value at Risk measurement through the implementation of robust methods in relation to asset cross-correlation
Authors:   (SoftJam, Bagnato Marco
Published: May 2021

This study proposes an algorithmic approach for selecting among different Value at Risk (VaR) estimation methods. The proposed metaheuristic, denominated as “Commitment Machine” (CM), has a strong focus on assets cross-correlation and allows to measure adaptively the VaR, dynamically evaluating which is the most performing method through the minimization of a loss function. The CM algorithm compares five different VaR estimation techniques: the traditional historical simulation method, the filtered historical simulation (FHS) method, the Monte Carlo method with correlated assets, the Monte Carlo method with correlated assets which uses a GARCH model to simulate asset volatility and a Bayesian Vector autoregressive model. The heterogeneity of the compared methodologies and the proposed dynamic selection criteria allow us to be confident in the goodness of the estimated risk measure. The CM approach is able to consider the correlations between portfolio assets and the non-stationarity of the analysed time-series in the different models. The paper describes the techniques adopted by the CM, the logic behind model selection and it provides a market application case of the proposed metaheuristic, by simulating an equally weighted multi-asset portfolio.
A line-doubling illusion
Authors: Anstis Stuart , Cavanagh Patrick
Published: May 2021

We present a novel ‘dazzle’ illusion, in which a black/white negative bar embedded in a grating and viewed in near peripheral vision can look doubled, as if there were two bars lying side by side touching each other.
EDUCAÇÃO 5.0 – O CONECTIVISMO, A REVOLUÇÃO DIGITAL E O ENSINO A DISTÂNCIA. CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O ENSINO HÍBRIDO
Authors: Da Silva Fonseca Enir
Published: May 2021

Ao examinar a evolução do ensino mediado por tecnologias, descrevemos as fases do ensino a distância privilegiada pela evolução tecnológica. Questiona-se na construção deste trabalho, quais as perspectivas para o ensino híbrido associados a revolução digital. Que se faz, analisando a automação do processo educativo neste período da história, classificados em Educação 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, assim como, as perspectivas para a Educação 5.0. Ao discutir o conectivismo, a revolução digital e o ensino a distância, assim como as contribuições para o ensino híbrido, permitiram uma análise sobre o papel dos atores envolvidos neste processo, bem como as dinâmicas e os caminhos que doravante devem ser seguidos pelas instituições de ensino. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica narrativa, que visam contribuir e proporcionar uma nova perspectiva sobre o tema estudado. Aponta-se nas conclusões, que o ensino híbrido, deve ocorrer utilizando-se das tecnologias disponíveis, norteado por estratégias de aprendizagem conectivista, com mecanismos que facilitem sua contextualização, caracterizadas por maior personalização aos estilos e aos ritmos individuais. A pesquisa indica a necessidade de novas discussões sobre o tema, repensando a visão pedagógica no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, que podem transformar os sistemas educativos em ambientes mais humanos, colaborativos, sustentáveis e alinhados às necessidades da sociedade da informação e do conhecimento.
Street Tree Diversity in Three Northeastern U.S. States
Authors: Cowett F.D. , Bassuk Nina
Published: May 2021

Street tree diversity is widely viewed as a key component in the resilience of street tree populations to pests, diseases, and climate change. Assessment of street tree diversity is considered integral to sustainable street tree management and preservation of the ecosystem services and social benefits that street trees provide. This paper assesses street tree diversity in three northeastern U.S. states—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania— by analyzing municipal street tree inventory data stratified by the 2012 USDA Plant Hardiness Zones. Despite the lesson learned from the historical devastation of overplanted American elms (Ulmus americana) by Dutch elm disease, and awareness of the contemporary threats posed to ashes (Fraxinus spp.) by the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) and to maples (Acer spp.), and other tree genera by the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), results presented here indicate a current concentration of street trees among a relatively small number of species and genera, and in particular the dominance of maples as street trees. Results also show a positive relationship between street tree diversity and warmer average minimum winter temperatures. Consequently, there is a clear need in all three states for greater species and genus diversity in statewide and municipal street tree populations. However, meaningful impediments exist to increasing street tree diversity, especially in the short term.
A Review of Factors That Affect the Static Load-Bearing Capacity of Urban Trees
Authors: Dahle Gregory , James Kenneth , Kane Brian , Grabosky Jason , Detter Andreas
Published: May 2021

Over the last 30 years, researchers have begun to employ biomechanical principles to understand the stability of urban trees. This review concentrates on literature pertaining to trees in temperate urban landscapes, but also includes relevant work from other disciplines and climates as appropriate. The load-bearing capacity of a tree depends on its size and shape and the material properties of its wood. As the trunk and branches increase in diameter, their load-bearing capacity increases. Material properties (e.g., moduli of elasticity and rupture) describe intrinsic wood stiffness and strength, which influence deflection under load and load-bearing capacity, respectively. In wood, material properties vary in relation to a variety of factors, including the direction of loading, moisture content, and tree age. Wood decay reduces a tree’s load-bearing capacity. Although practitioners have developed guidelines to assess its effect, existing guidelines should be investigated, refined or rejected on the basis of rigorous scientific testing. Static load tests have been developed to address this question, as well as investigate the likelihood of uprooting, which accounts for up to 35% of tree failures. While much has been learned, many questions remain about the static load-bearing capacity of trees growing in urban landscapes.
Ten-Year Performance of the United States National Elm Trial
Authors: Griffin Jason , Jacobi William , McPherson Gregory , Sadof Clifford , McKenna James , Gleason Mark , Ward Gauthier Nicole , Potter Daniel , Smitley David , Adams Gerard , Brooks Gould Ann , Cash Christian , Walla James , Starrett Mark , Chastagner Gary , Sibley Jeff , Krischik Vera , Newby Adam
Published: May 2021

Ulmus americana (American elm) was an important urban tree in North America prior to the introduction of the Dutch elm disease pathogen in 1930. Subsequently, urban and community forests were devastated by the loss of large canopies. Tree improvement programs produced disease tolerant American and Eurasian elm cultivars and introduced them into the nursery industry. However, consumer acceptance was slow. The National Elm Trial was established to evaluate commercially available taxa of elm across the United States. Established at 16 locations, these plantings monitored survival and growth, as well as disease and insect pressure for 7 to 10 years. ‘Morton’ elm had >90% survival, while 13 cultivars averaged 70% to 90%, and five cultivars ranged from 25% to 69% survival. Trunk diameter growth by location ranged from 0.5 cm/year (Colorado, U.S.) to more than 2.0 cm/year (Iowa, U.S.). By taxa, trunk diameter growth ranged from a low, by ‘JFS Bieberich’ elm (0.7 cm/year), to a high by ‘New Horizon’ elm (1.7 cm/year). Scale insects were minor issues at most trial locations, except Colorado, where scales contributed to the death of several cultivars. Performance ratings (scale 1 to 5) ranged from 2.7 for ‘JFS Bieberich’ elm to 4.5 for ‘New Horizon’ elm. Based on the ratings, the preferred cultivars of American elm were ‘New Harmony’ and ‘Princeton’, and the preferred cultivars of Asian elm were The Morton Arboretum introductions and ‘New Horizon’. These findings will help green-industry professionals determine what elm cultivars will perform the best in different regions.
Tree Species as Tools for Biomonitoring and Phytoremediation in Urban Environments: A Review with Special Regard to Heavy Metals
Authors: Dadea Claudia , Russo Alessio , Tagliavini Massimo , Mimmo Tanja , Zerbe Stefan
Published: May 2021

Trees play an important role for the improvement of environmental quality in urban areas. The improvement of microclimate, runoff mitigation, carbon storage and sequestration, noise reduction, air purification through removal and fixation of pollutants in leaves, stems, and roots are ecosystem services provided by urban greening. Additionally, the capacity of certain tree species as bioindicator or to take up contaminants has to be taken into account. Presented here is a review that focuses on 9 ornamental tree species commonly planted along urban streets in Central Europe. Their potential role for bioindication and phytoremediation was assessed. Due to physiological and morphological characteristics and to the intrinsic tolerance to several stress factors, some species seem particularly promising as an indicator for the state of the urban environment or to decrease the amount of specific pollutants. It must be pointed out that intrinsic species properties (e.g., tolerance and/or bioindication capacity for a specific contaminant) can help planners create an effective monitoring net in strategic areas of a city or to detect single contaminants representative of a specific human impact. In particular, Betula pendula and Robinia pseudoacacia can be considered ideal, low-cost candidates for phytoremediation. Due to their high hardiness, pollution tolerance, and their characteristic as pioneer species, both species might additionally be taken into account as biomonitors, or for their foliar trapping capacity. Tilia cordata is also suitable for phytoremediation in urban environments due to its foliar trapping capacity that can provide valuable information on airborne pollutants.
Assessing the Anchorage and Critical Wind Speed of Urban Trees using Root-Plate Inclination in High Winds
Authors: Göcke Lothar , Rust Steffen , Ruhl Franziska
Published: May 2021

This study demonstrates a new method to assess the anchorage of urban trees by quantitative analysis of the relationship between root-plate inclination and regional wind data. The load required for root failure correlates with loads required to achieve a specified inclination in the non-destructive range. Since load correlates with wind speed, researchers studied the reaction of urban trees in high-wind events. Specifically, researchers studied whether wind data from regional weather stations can be used to find the correlation between wind speed and root-plate inclination. More than 200 trees in 57 storms in three years were tested using tilt sensors, installed at their base. The analyses show that wind-speed data can be taken from weather stations several kilometers away from the tree. The quality of the wind speed-tilt correlation does vary, depending on local conditions and topography. The tree’s reaction to wind can be extrapolated by 10 km/h beyond the measured maximum wind speed in many cases. The reliability of the extrapolation can be assessed statistically. The shape of the curve fitted to the wind and tilt data allows differentiating safe from unsafe trees in wind events of 50 to 60 km/h. The curve of trees with signs of failure in high winds was significantly different from that of the remaining trees. Based on techniques from static pulling tests, this approach can be used to estimate the wind speed at anchorage failure. While previous approaches using tilt sensors merely indicate whether a tree needs further monitoring, the result of this method is a likelihood of failure.
Drippy Blight, a Disease of Red Oaks in Colorado, U.S., Produced from the Combined Effect of the Scale Insect Allokermes galliformis and the Bacterium Lonsdalea quercina subsp. Quercina
Authors: Sitz Rachael , Zerillo Marcelo , Snelling Jacob , Ibarra Caballero Jorge , Alexander Kathleen , Nash Kendra , Tisserat Ned , Cranshaw Whitney , Stewart Jane
Published: May 2021

Drippy blight is an emergent disease of red oaks, caused by the interaction between a kermes scale insect (Allokermes galliformis) and a bacterium (Lonsdalea quercina subsp. quercina). Multi-locus sequence analysis was used to confirm the bacterial pathogen’s identity and its relationship to other phylogenetically related Enterobacteriaceae species. Further, Koch’s postulates were performed on sapling red oaks. Prior to the discovery of drippy blight disease in Colorado, in the United States, the bacterium was reported on oak trees in California but was limited to acorn infections. The scale insect, A. galliformis, was previously known to occur on pin oak in the eastern United States but was not previously associated with either this bacterium or the production of significant branch dieback associated with drippy blight. In addition to a description of this new disease, this research documents a host range expansion of L. quercina subsp. quercina to northern red oak (Quercus rubra), Shumard oak (Q. shumardii), and pin oak (Q. palustris) and extends the reported host range of A. galliformis to include northern red and Shumard oaks.
Evaluation of Silicon Fertilizers and a Resistance Inducing Agent for Control of Apple and Pear Scab under Field Conditions
Authors: Percival Glynn C.
Published: May 2021

Two field trials were conducted using established apple (Maluscv. Golden Delicious) and pear (Pyrus communis‘Williams’ Bon Chrétien’) to assess the efficacy of a range of silicon (Si) fertilizers, a resistance-inducing (IR) agent based on salicylic acid and a combination of Si + IR when applied at four growth stages of tree development (i.e., bud break, green cluster, 90% petal fall, early fruitlet) against the foliar pathogens apple (Venturia inaequalis) and pear (V. pirina) scab. In addition, a comparative evaluation of a conventional synthetic fungicide (penconazole) used within the UK for apple and pear scab control was performed. Greatest protection against apple and pear scab was provided by a combination of a Si fertilizer + IR agent and the synthetic fungicide penconazole in both the 2014 and 2015 field trials where statistically comparable degrees of control were achieved. Efficacy as scab-protectant compounds (i.e., reduced scab severity of leaves and fruit) enhanced leaf chlorophyll content and fruit yield, and was confirmed when each Si fertilizer was applied at four growth stages during two growing seasons; however, there was little difference in the degree of control conferred by each Si fertilizer. The IR agent used alone proved the least effective scab protectant compound.
Acorn Biomass and Carbon Stock Variation in Five Oak Species Planted in the National Botanical Garden of Iran
Authors: Panahi Parisa , Pourhashemi Mehdi , Hasaninejad Maryam
Published: May 2021

Botanical gardens, as one of the most important urban forests to any region, play an important role in the ecology of human habitats in many ways (e.g., air filtering). The National Botanical Garden of Iran, with an area of 145 ha, includes various woody species with a predominance of oaks (Quercus spp.). The size of acorns, fruits of oaks, varies in different species, which can affect their biomass. The biomass and carbon content of acorn components (endocarp, pericarp, and cupule) of four native oak species (Q. castaneifolia C.A. Mey., Q. libani Oliv., Q. infectoria Oliv., and Q. brantii Lindl.) and one exotic oak species (Q. ilex L.), planted in the National Botanical Garden, were studied to obtain detailed comparative results. Regarding the biomass of acorn components, Q. libani and Q. ilex showed the highest and lowest values among the study species, respectively. The ranges of carbon content of acorn components were 53.5% (pericarp of Q. brantii) to 58% (cupule of Q. castaneifolia). These results confirm the variation of biomass and carbon content of acorn components among the oak species studied.
An Appraisal of the University of Tennessee Arboretum Holly Collection
Authors: Cortese W. Jim
Published: May 2021

Maintaining land resources for research and education requires sound stewardship. These environments are affected by factors that can impact the health and benefits of the property. The University of Tennessee Forest Resources AGResearch and Education Center (Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S.) includes an arboretum of 101 hectares. Established in 1965, this section of the Oak Ridge Forest includes more than 2,500 native and exotic woody plant specimens. Identifying the value of the collections was necessary for determining the extent of resources that should be dedicated to its upkeep. Should weather, infestations, and other occurrences damage the property, replacement values need to be accurate. The Elmore Holly Collection was the only section that had not been appraised. This study examined the Ilex aquifoliaceae to appraise the current value of the collection. The objectives were to 1) identify the best appraisal method, and 2) apply that method to every holly plant in the collection to determine the total value. The traditional appraisal methods did not suit the study. A slight modification of the Replacement Cost Method was found to be the best approach. The method was repeated to confirm accuracy of the appraisal. The modified valuation method provides a tool that gives practical application of a research method to use in collection appraisals and is repeatable in all sections of the United States.
3rd INTERNATIONAL BALTIC SYMPOSIUM ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION “SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION: CURRENT CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS (BalticSTE2019)”: SYMPOSIUM REVIEW
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas
Published: May 2021

Two years after the second international BalticSTE symposium passed very quickly and here the third international science symposium is already a history too. On the 17th -20th of June this year, the 3rd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education BalticSTE2019 took place in Šiauliai. The topic of the Symposium was “Science and Technology Education: Current Challenges and Possible Solutions”. More than 50 scientists from 20 countries participated in the symposium. Comparing with the symposium which took place in 2017, the geographical distribution of the participants is significantly wider. Ukrainian, Serbian, Romanian, Malaysian researchers participated in the symposium for the first time.
Natural science education requires constant researcher attention in the rapidly changing technological age, new educational methodologies and innovative educational approaches. The symposium reporter analysed topic spectrum is wide – from global warming of the climate, climate change to philosophical methodological and education evaluation questions.
One of this international symposium ideas is – to show that Baltic region countries also actively participate in natural science and technology education research, especially in STEAM context. The second idea is that Baltic countries as well as other small regions of the world need corresponding close communication and cooperation.
HOMESCHOOLING IN POLAND, THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA
Authors: Rochovská Ivana , Mazur Piotr , Dolinská Eva
Published: May 2021

This research reveals the issue of homeschooling. It deals with homeschooling in post-communist countries with a similar tradition of the education system – Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. It defined the basic concepts associated with homeschooling and, through both quantitative and qualitative research, a questionnaire with 78 parents of homeschooled children and a document review compared the homeschooling system in these countries. On the basis of the research findings, it could be stated similar homeschooling conditions provided in each country, differing mainly in the student´s age aimed to. Unschooling, one of homeschooling types, a curriculum-free philosophy, has not been applied and recognized as a legitimate form of education in any of these countries yet. Many parents have been experimenting with educating their children at home though and would welcome it to be legal.
Keywords: homeschooling, individual education, qualitative research, unschooling.
Parking Availability Indicating Application Using Smart QR Scanning
Authors: Kishanlal Dr. M. Samayaraj Murali , J Sherlin , S Varsha
Published: May 2021

The vehicles are parked in parking lots. These parking lots are found in malls, offices etc. These parking slots are marked on the ground with different size based on vehicles. An Automated Parking System transports vehicles from the entrance to a parking space that is available. Prior to this, car owners must make a reservation for specific parking lot. It takes time for new members to register and have parking assigned to them. An automated parking allotting app is created as well as a hardware implementation for this project. The owner of a car parking lot may sign up and build a parking facility in his area by registering the location and installing a Raspberry Pi with camera, which will automatically update the available parking spaces. The user find available parking slots using app and book a special slot for his or her car. A QR code will be generated, and the customer's bill will be generated based on in-time and out-of-time scanning. This method would be able to save time for car owners as well as and the amount of labor needed to complete the process as a result of this. As a result, this project saves time while also automating the process.