bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Side‐Chain Methylthio‐Based Position Isomerism of Hole‐Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: From Theoretical Simulation to Experimental Characterization
Authors: Wang Ruiqin , Wu Chengyu , Qi Jiayi , Shen Wei , Wu Fei , Li Ming , He Rongxing , Liu Xiaorui
Published: January 2023

Hole transporting materials (HTMs) are imperative for promoting the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, three isomers of RQ4, RQ5, and RQ6 are constructed by methylthio (‐SMe) group in the para, meta, and adjacent sites of terminal benzene on the side‐chain of carbazole‐arylamine derivatives based HTMs, and investigated by means of the theoretical simulation and experimental characterization. As a result of the theoretical simulation, the isomeric HTMs of RQ4‐RQ6 exhibit appropriate highest occupied molecular orbital /lowest unoccupied molecular orbital  energy levels and good optical properties. However, by comparison with RQ4 and RQ5, a better planar configuration and closer molecular stacking for RQ6 may be beneficial to promote the hole coupling, interface interaction, and charge transfer at perovskite/HTMs interface. In order to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model, the designed RQ4‐RQ6 are synthesized to be used to assemble PSCs devices. In comparison to isomers RQ4 (20.07%) and RQ5 (18.18%) based devices, the RQ6 based devices has higher power conversion efficiency of 21.03% because of its high hole mobility, the film formation ability, and large charge transfer at perovskite/HTMs interface. The experimental results confirm the reliability of the theoretical simulation and provide an effective strategy to obtain potential HTMs through isomerization of side‐chain functional groups.
Solution‐Processed Pure Red TADF Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes With High External Quantum Efficiency and Saturated Red Emission Color
Authors: Kothavale Shantaram , Kim Seung Chan , Cheong Kiun , Zeng Songkun , Wang Yafei , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: January 2023

In spite of recent research progress in red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, highly efficient solution‐processable pure red TADF emitters are rarely reported. Most of the red TADF emitters reported to date are designed using a rigid acceptor unit which renders them insoluble and unsuitable for solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). To resolve this issue, a novel TADF emitter, 6,7‐bis(4‐(bis(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)‐2,3‐bis(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)quinoxaline‐5,8‐dicarbonitrile (tBuTPA‐CNQx) is designed and synthesized. The highly twisted donor‐acceptor architecture and appropriate highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital distribution lead to a very small singlet‐triplet energy gap of 0.07 eV, high photoluminescence quantum yield of 92%, and short delayed fluorescence lifetime of 52.4 µs. The peripheral t‐butyl phenyl decorated quinoxaline acceptor unit and t‐butyl protected triphenylamine donor unit are proven to be useful building blocks to improve solubility and minimize the intermolecular interaction. The solution‐processed OLED based on tBuTPA‐CNQx achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.7% with a pure red emission peak at 662 nm, which is one of the highest EQE values reported till date in the solution‐processed pure red TADF OLEDs. Additionally, vacuum‐processable OLED based on tBuTPA‐CNQx exhibits a high EQE of 22.2% and negligible efficiency roll‐off.
Synthesis of Linear Enamides and Enecarbamates via Photoredox Acceptorless Dehydrogenation
Authors: Ritu  , Kolb Daniel , Jain Nidhi , König Burkhard
Published: January 2023

In recent years, several methods for the direct desaturation of aliphatic compounds have been developed, facilitated by the unique combination of photoredox and transition‐metal catalysis. Hereby, alkenes with high functionalization potential can be prepared in a straightforward fashion. We adapted a previously reported system involving tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) as hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) agent and a cobaloxime co‐catalyst for dihydrogen evolution for the dehydrogenative preparation of linear enamides and enecarbamates from saturated precursors. The substrate scope includes several natural products and drug derivatives. The reaction does not require noble metal catalysts, exhibits short reaction times compared to previous methods and is suitable for the late‐stage functionalization of drug derivatives.

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Nickel‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Branched/Linear Regioselective C−H Alkylation of 4‐Oxoquinazolines
Authors: Zhang Yaqi , Qin Shengxiang , Pan Bendu , Cao Rihui , Sun Raymond Wai‐Yin , Qiu Liqin
Published: January 2023

A Ni−NHC‐catalyzed prototype reaction based on the alkylation of C−H activated 4‐oxoquinazolines with aryl and alkyl alkenes was demonstrated. When aryl alkenes are used as the substrates, the regioselection of the reaction can be fine‐tuned by choosing a NHC ligand with appropriate steric hindrance to harvest branched adducts, while the use of a bulky NHC/alkyl aluminum cocatalyst system helps to steer the reaction towards linear products. For alkyl alkene substrates, Ni(cod)2, IMes ⋅ HCl and NaOtBu system can directionally generate linear products, and long‐chain olefins are also applicable. In addition, the catalytic mechanism was also explored through the deuteration experiments, and the migration of nickel was suggested in the catalytic cycle.

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Maternal social position and survival to weaning in arid‐country vervet monkeys
Authors: Blersch Rosemary A. , Bonnell Tyler R. , Clarke Madison , Dostie Marcus J. , Lucas Miranda , Jarrett Jonathan , McFarland Richard , Nord Christina , Takahashi April , Varsanyi Stephanie , Vilette Chloé , Young Christopher , Barrett Louise , Henzi S. Peter
Published: January 2023

Objectives

We consider the relative contributions of maternal rank and sociability to the survival of infant vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) to nutritional independence (~210 days) in a generally resource‐poor environment.

Methods

We analyzed survival data from 153 infants born to 60 mothers across three free‐ranging troops and 10 yearly birth cohorts at a South African research site experiencing general but variable resource scarcity.

Results

The population was characterized by a pre‐weaning mortality of 30% (Range: 9%–85%), with a median age at death of 50 days. In addition to the consequences of resource availability, increased infant survival was independently and equivalently positively associated with higher maternal rank and a greater number of maternal spatial partners.

Discussion

We use this outcome to suggest that apparent discrepancies across sites and species in the relative importance of different maternal attributes in determining reproductive outcomes may be resolved by considering more closely local sources of infant mortality.
Australasian sonographers' knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards the international evidence‐based guidelines for the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Guscott Alexandra , Deslandes Alison , Parange Nayana , Childs Jessie
Published: January 2023

Introduction/Purpose

Many guidelines have been utilised to diagnose polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The most recent are the International Evidence Based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 2018 (2018 IEBG). This study aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of Australasian sonographers' regarding these guidelines.

Methods

An online cross‐sectional survey was disseminated to sonographers. Qualitative and quantitative questions were asked around awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards the 2018 IEBG. Statistical and thematic analyses of the results were performed.

Results

Ninety responses were included in the final analysis. Fifty‐two percent (52.2%) of participants were aware of the 2018 IEBG but only 31.1% used it in their workplaces. Fifty‐eight percent (57.9%) of participants correctly identified the sonographic features that suggest PCOS, and 3.5% correctly identified all minimum recommended inclusions for reporting a gynaecological ultrasound for PCOS. Prior to being supplied the 2018 IEBG, 15.8% of participants correctly answered clinical scenario‐based knowledge questions, which increased to 29.4% correctly after being supplied the guideline; however, this difference was not statistically significant. There were no statistically significant associations between demographics and knowledge of the 2018 IEBG.

Discussion

Several areas of confusion surrounding wording and interpretation of the 2018 IEBG were highlighted. Consideration should be given to barriers of implementation and strategies to overcome these.

Conclusion

More education surrounding the sonographic diagnosis of PCOS and the 2018 IEBG is needed. Scanning protocols used amongst sonographers varied, suggesting that inconsistency in sonographic diagnosis may exist. Future reviews of the 2018 IEBG should focus on reducing ambiguity in wording, which may be responsible for some of the varied interpretation of these guidelines.
Tuning of renewable sponge‐like polyurethane physical‐chemical and morphological properties using the pullulan as a reactive filler
Authors: Maia Lana S. , de Bomfim Anne Shayene C. , de Oliveira Daniel M. , Pinhati Fernanda R. , da Conceição Monique O. T. , Barud Hernane S. , Medeiros Simone A. , Rosa Derval S. , Mulinari Daniella R.
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pullulan (Pull) on a renewable polyurethane sponge‐like scaffold synthesized from the Pull mixture with the castor oil‐based polyol and the prepolymer using the situ foaming method. The Pull contents on the sponge‐like are 5, 10, and 20 wt.%. The samples were evaluated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle, Thermogravimetry, X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and compression strength test, respectively. FTIR results indicated that Pull was hydrogen‐bonded to PU foam chains and increased the sponge‐like scaffolds density, inducing a decrease in average cell size compared to the pristine PU, confirming that they act as nucleating agents. The Pull addition improved PU foams' hydrophobicity and mechanical properties and caused a thermal stability median between Pull and pristine PU. Thus, all renewable sponge‐like scaffolds were hydrophobics and presented appropriate mechanical behavior, exhibiting better physicochemical properties, and appearing as promising candidates for biomedical applications.
Updated study of adult and subadult pectoral girdle bones from Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). Anatomical and age estimation keys
Authors: García‐González Rebeca , Rodríguez Laura , Salazar‐Fernández Azahara , Arsuaga Juan Luis , Carretero José‐Miguel
Published: January 2023

Here we present an updated inventory and study of pectoral girdle remains recovered from the Sima de los Huesos (SH) site. Here, we describe the key morphological traits of adults and, for the first time, subadult specimens. Because morphological traits can change with age, we also discuss some shortcomings related to age estimation in postcranial fossil specimens. Adult clavicles from the SH are long with a low robusticity index and marked curvatures in the superior view. Among these traits, only extreme clavicular length seems to characterize subadult individuals. Neandertals share all these traits. In the case of the scapula, the SH specimens share a relatively long and narrow glenoid fossa with Neandertals. This trait is also present in subadult individuals. Additionally, most specimens from SH, adults, and subadults showed a dorsal axillary sulcus on the scapular lateral border, a trait also present in most adult and subadult Neandertals. These traits in adult and subadult specimens supports substantial genetic control for many of them in both human species.
Contribution of Type H Blood Vessels to Pathologic Osteogenesis and Inflammation in an Experimental Spondyloarthritis Model
Authors: Kaaij Merlijn H. , van Hamburg Jan Piet , van Rooijen Charlotte C. N. , Grüneboom Anika , Kan Yik Y. , Pots Desiree , Schett Georg , van Ruijven Leo J. , van Duivenvoorde Leonie M. , Huitema Leonie F. A. , Baeten Dominique L. P. , Tas Sander W.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is characterized by pathologic osteogenesis, inflammation, and extensive angiogenesis in axial and peripheral tissues. Current therapies effectively target inflammation, but these therapies lack efficacy in preventing pathologic osteogenesis. Transgenic mice overexpressing transmembrane tumor necrosis factor (tmTNF‐Tg mice) exhibit SpA‐like features. We hypothesized that type H blood vessels, which are implicated in osteogenesis, are increased and contribute to pathology in this experimental SpA model.

Methods

We analyzed ankles, femora, and vertebrae of tmTNF‐Tg mice and nontransgenic littermates and tmTNF‐Tg mice on either a TNF receptor type I (TNFRI)–deficient or TNF receptor type II (TNFRII)–deficient background for osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation using advanced imaging technologies at various stages of disease.

Results

Compared to nontransgenic littermates, tmTNF‐Tg mice exhibited an increase in vertebral type H vessels and osteoprogenitor cells in subchondral bone. These features of increased angiogenesis and osteogenesis were already present before onset of clinical disease symptoms. Type H vessels and osteoprogenitor cells were in close proximity to inflammatory lesions and ectopic lymphoid structures. The tmTNF‐Tg mice also showed perivertebral ectopic type H vessels and osteogenesis, an increased number of vertebral transcortical vessels, and enhanced entheseal angiogenesis. In tmTNF‐Tg mice crossed on a TNFRI‐ or TNFRII‐deficient background, no clear reduction in type H vessels was shown, suggesting that type H vessel formation is not exclusively mediated via TNFRI or TNFRII.

Conclusion

The contribution of type H vessels to pathologic osteogenesis in experimental SpA advances our knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease and may also provide a novel opportunity for targeted intervention.
Surveillance as information practice
Authors: Newell Bryce Clayton
Published: January 2023

Surveillance, as a concept and social practice, is inextricably linked toinformation. It is, at its core, about information extraction and analysis conducted for some regulatory purpose. Yet, information science research only sporadically leverages surveillance studies scholarship, and we see a lack of sustained and focused attention tosurveillanceas an object of research within the domains of information behavior and social informatics. Surveillance, as a range of contextual and culturally based social practices defined by their connections to information seeking and use, should be framed asinformation practice—as that term is used within information behavior scholarship. Similarly, manifestations of surveillance in society are frequently perfect examples of information and communications technologies situated within everyday social and organizational structures—the very focus of social informatics research. The technological infrastructures and material artifacts of surveillance practice—surveillance technologies—can also be viewed asinformation tools. Framing surveillance as information practice and conceptualizing surveillance technologies as socially and contextually situated information tools can provide space for new avenues of research within the information sciences, especially within information disciplines that focus their attention on the social aspects of information and information technologies in society.
Life is either a daring adventure, or it is boring: The impact of COVID‐19 on immoral and nonmoral risk taking behaviors
Authors: Li Heng
Published: January 2023

Findings from correlational research suggest that people more likely to take risk during COVID‐19. However, little is known about the causal role of the coronavirus threat in the emergence of risk taking behaviors. Here, we conducted three diverse studies involving questionnaire‐based responses and actual measures of risk‐taking behavior across nonmoral and immoral domains. In support of our theoretical perspective, Experiment 1 revealed that participants who were exposed to the COVID‐19 threat were more prone to take risks than those in the control condition. Experiment 2 aimed to replicate the findings of Experiment 1 using a behavioral measure to capture participants' interest in risk taking. The results showed that the salience of COVID‐19 can increase individuals' willingness to take risks in a nonmoral domain, namely, bungee jumping. Experiment 3 provided a behavioral confirmation of the relationship uncovered in an immoral domain (i.e., bribery). Across three experiments, we found that boredom state mediated the effect of the pandemic influence on risk taking. Together, our research rounds out the picture of contributors to risk taking and underscores the cumulative destructive effect of COVID‐19. We discuss implications for research on COVID‐19 and risk taking, as well as practical significance for society at large.
Green creativity, responsible innovation, and product innovation performance: A study of entrepreneurial firms in an emerging economy
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Nguyen Nguyen Phong
Published: January 2023

In this article, we investigate the effect of green creativity on product innovation performance through the mediating mechanism of responsible innovation. Further, we explore the moderating impact of resource commitment on the relationship between green creativity and responsible innovation. Utilizing a sample of 273 entrepreneurial firms in Vietnam, we find that green creativity positively influences responsible innovation. In addition, the results demonstrate that the effect of green creativity on responsible innovation is moderated by a firm's level of resource commitment to environmental innovation, such that the effect is more pronounced when a firm commits more resources to environmental innovation. Finally, we find the effect of green creativity on product innovation performance is mediated by responsible innovation. The theoretical as well as practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Outcomes associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma in the era of novel agents
Authors: Faisal Muhammad Salman , Hanel Walter , Voorhees Timothy , Li Rui , Huang Ying , Khan Abdullah , Bond David , Sawalha Yazeed , Reneau John , Alinari Lapo , Baiocchi Robert , Christian Beth , Maddocks Kami , Efebera Yvonne , Penza Sam , Saad Ayman , Brammer Jonathan , DeLima Marcos , Jaglowski Samantha , Epperla Narendranath
Published: January 2023

Background

Relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R HL) is a challenging disease with limited treatment options beyond brentuximab vedotin and checkpoint inhibitors. Herein we present the time‐trend analysis of R/R HL patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) at our center from 2001–2017.

Methods

The patients were divided into two distinct treatment cohorts: era1 (2001–2010), and era2 (2011–2017). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS), non‐relapse mortality (NRM), and cumulative incidence of acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD).

Results

Among the 51 patients included in the study, 29 were in era1, and 22 were in era2. There was decreased use of myeloablative conditioning in era2 (18% vs. 31%) compared to era1 and 95% of patients in era2 previously received brentuximab Vedotin (BV). Haploidentical donors were seen exclusively in era2 (0% vs. 14%) and more patients received alternative donor transplants (7% vs. 32%) in era2. The 4‐year OS (34% vs. 83%, p < 0.001) and 4‐year PFS (28% vs. 62%, p = 0.001) were significantly inferior in era1 compared to era2. The incidence of 1‐year NRM was lower in era2 compared to era1 (5% vs. 34%, p = 0.06). The cumulative incidence of acute GVHD at day 100 was similar in both eras (p = 0.50), but the incidence of chronic GVHD at 1 year was higher in era2 compared to era1 (55% vs. 21%, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Despite the advent of novel therapies, allo‐HCT remains an important therapeutic option for patients with R/R HL.
Prediction of surfactin fermentation with Bacillus subtilis DSM10 by response surface methodology optimized artificial neural network
Authors: Czinkóczky Réka , Sakiyo Jesse , Eszterbauer Edina , Németh Áron
Published: January 2023

Biosurfactants produced by Bacillus species are an emerging group of surface‐active molecules. They have excellent surface tension reducer and high emulsifier properties. Generally, the biosurfactant fermentation leads to a low product concentration. Therefore, our goal was to investigate Bacillus subtilis DSM10 production and improve the biosurfactant content in the broth by media optimization via response surface methodology. The optimal combinations of the investigated factors were determined as the following: pH = 9, glucose = 20 g/L, and NH4NO3 = 2 g/L. Under the optimized conditions, the formed surfactin strain reduced surface tension in the broth by 48% (from 72 to 37 mN/m) and the isolated product by 63% (from 72 to 27 mN/m). An artificial neural network was built based on the results of response surface methodology to predict the product quality and the harvesting time of broth. Thus, finally, the model can predict the final cell and product amount, and even their time course, with around 90% reliability.
BMI and the mortality paradox in patients undergoing cardiovascular procedures—Causation or Association?
Authors: Sharifeh Tareq Abu , Jneid Hani
Published: January 2023

Key Points

There is limited evidence on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality risk in cardiac patients in the contemporary era of invasive cardiology.

In the current observational analysis from the multicenter KARDIO registry (2012–18), BMI was non‐linearly associated with long‐term mortality. After multivariable adjustment, underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) and obesity class III (BMI >40 kg/m2) were associated with increased hazards of all‐cause mortality at a median follow‐up of 4.9 years.

Clinicians should be vigilant about the obesity paradox in patients undergoing invasive cardiology procedures, and factor them in as they deliberate appropriateness and indications of the procedures.
Physical findings of crowned dens syndrome
Authors: Sakai Daiki , Ono Ruiko , Ichibayashi Ryo
Published: January 2023

If meningitis is suspected, head computed tomography is performed before cerebrospinal fluid collection. Crown dens syndrome can be diagnosed using simultaneous CT scans of the head and neck. Thus, unnecessary CSF tap test can be avoided.
Bilateral non‐contiguous necrotizing fasciitis of the lower extremities
Authors: Bender Sascha T. , Ganz Maximilian , Mertens Peter R. , Gross Christian
Published: January 2023

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon soft tissue infection. Multifocal‐extremity NF is a rarity with high mortality rates. Herein we report a case of bilateral non‐contiguous NF of the lower extremities due to Escherichia coli with a fatal outcome, stressing the necessity of rapid and aggressive intervention in suspected cases.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis (DOS) of On‐DNA Peptidomimetics from Acid‐Derived Phosphonium Ylides
Authors: Krishna Sunkari Yashoda , Kumar Siripuram Vijay , Flajolet Marc
Published: January 2023

The DNA‐encoded library (DEL) technology represents a revolutionary drug‐discovery tool with unprecedented screening power originating from the association of combinatorial chemistry and DNA barcoding. The chemical diversity of DELs and its chemical space will be further expanded as new DNA‐compatible reactions are introduced. This work introduces the use of DOS in the context of on‐DNA peptidomimetics. Wittig olefination of aspartic acid‐derived on‐DNA Wittig ylide, combined with a broad substrate scope of aldehydes, led to formation of on‐DNA,‐unsaturated ketones. The synthesis of on‐DNA multi‐peptidyl‐ylides was performed by incorporating sequential amino acids onto a monomeric ylide. Di‐, tri‐ and tetrameric peptidyl‐ylides were validated for Wittig olefination and led to on‐DNA,‐unsaturated‐based peptidomimetics, an important class of intermediates. One on‐DNA aryl Wittig ylide was also developed and applied to Wittig olefination for synthesis of on‐DNA chalcone‐based molecules. Furthermore, DOS was used successfully with electron‐deficient peptidomimetics and led to the development of different heterocyclic cores containing on‐DNA peptidomimetics.
Large‐Area Uniaxially Oriented Sub‐5 nm Line Patterns of Hybrid Liquid Crystals Constructed by Perylene Diimide and Oligo(Dimethylsiloxane)
Authors: Yang Weilu , Liu Dong , Liu Yun , Yang Shichu , Liu Yadi , Shen Zhihao , Yang Huai , Fan Xing‐He , Zhou Qi‐Feng
Published: January 2023

Construction of sub‐5 nm long‐range ordered structures through self‐assembly has received increasing attention. Herein, a series of ODMS‐based thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs) containing perylene diimide (PDI) were designed and synthesized. These LCs can form ordered nanostructures with periodic sizes around 5 nm including smectic J (SmJ), oblique columnar (Colob), and hexagonal columnar (Colh) phases with change in the volume fraction of ODMS, where the layer spacing of the SmJ phase is less than 5 nm. Thin films with parallel oriented nanolines with line width less than 5 nm can be obtained on PDMS‐modified silicon substrates by spin‐casting and simple thermal annealing processes. Moreover, owing to the strong π‐π interaction between PDI cores, these nanolines are long‐range ordered with uniaxial orientation in relatively large areas (1.5×1.5 μm2) with over 300 continuous microdomains without pre‐patterning. These nanostructures provide the possibility of preparing nanotemplates by oxygen plasma etching.
A knockout‐first model of H3f3a gene targeting leads to developmental lethality
Authors: Bush Kelly , Cervantes Vanessa , Yee Jennifer Q. , Klein Rachel H. , Knoepfler Paul S.
Published: January 2023

Histone variant H3.3 is encoded by two genes, H3f3a and H3f3b, which can be expressed differentially depending on tissue type. Previous work in our lab has shown that knockout of H3f3b causes some neonatal lethality and infertility in mice, and chromosomal defects in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Studies of H3f3a and H3f3b null mice by others have produced generally similar phenotypes to what we found in our H3f3b nulls, but the relative impacts of the loss of either H3f3a or H3f3b have varied depending on the approach and genetic background. Here we used a knockout‐first approach to target the H3f3a gene for inactivation in C57BL6 mice. Homozygous H3f3a targeting produced a lethal phenotype at or before birth. E13.5 null embryos had some potential morphological differences from WT littermates including smaller size and reduced head size. An E18.5 null embryo was smaller than its control littermates with several potential defects including small head and brain size as well as small lungs, which would be consistent with a late gestation lethal phenotype. Despite a reduction in H3.3 and total H3 protein levels, the only histone H3 post‐translational modification in the small panel assessed that was significantly altered was the unique H3.3 mark phospho‐Serine31, which was consistently increased in null neurospheres. H3f3a null neurospheres also exhibited consistent gene expression changes including in protocadherins. Overall, our findings are consistent with the model that there are differential, cell‐type‐specific contributions of H3f3a and H3f3b to H3.3 functions in epigenetic and developmental processes.
The direct admission trend: How states, schools, and students are working to flip college enrollment
Authors: D'Orio Wayne
Published: January 2023

Direct admissions might be the hottest new trend in higher education.
Reinventing school: Higher ed innovators
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: January 2023

You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.

Buckminster Fuller
The best colleges for adult learners never stop working to improve
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2023

“I'm a farm kid. I grew up in a small town in Nebraska — there were a whopping 1,000 people in my town,” said Jerrid P. Freeman, Ph.D., Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management at Northeastern State University in Oklahoma. “It was one of those things where college was just not on my radar.” Freeman pursued his undergraduate degree at the University of Nebraska at Kearney while playing sports, and came to love the higher education environment, going on to earn his master's and doctorate.
Heed lessons in leadership from an accomplished leader
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: January 2023

LAS VEGAS — If you want to become more effective at leading through times of change, you can benefit from the insight of a seasoned leader. Robert Gates has held multiple high‐level leadership roles, including as the U.S. Secretary of Defense, Chair of the NCAA Constitution Committee, and the President of Texas A&M University. He shared his lessons learned at the annual convention for the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics.
Follow the science: The European public health community confronts the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kurzer Paulette , Ornston Darius
Published: January 2023

This paper argues that “following the science” is not always the best strategy. It does so by examining the first phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in three countries: Denmark, the Netherlands, and Sweden. All three countries possessed highly respected infectious disease agencies with wide stakeholder involvement. Despite this, Danish, Dutch, and Swedish public health agencies underplayed the threat of the COVID‐19 virus, discouraged intrusive mitigation measures, and were slow to admit their mistakes. Countries that trusted their national agencies, specifically the Netherlands and Sweden, witnessed higher mortality. By contrast, the Danish government marginalized its epidemiologists and suppressed the spread of the virus. The paper thus demonstrates the limits of trusting national scientific expertise, even when properly embedded within social networks, during periods of heightened uncertainty.
PINK1 siRNA‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles provide neuroprotection in a mouse model of photothrombosis‐induced ischemic stroke
Authors: Choi Seung Gyu , Shin Juhee , Lee Ka Young , Park Hyewon , Kim Song I. , Yi Yoon Young , Kim Dong Woon , Song Hee‐Jung , Shin Hyo Jung
Published: January 2023

PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a well‐known critical marker in the pathway for mitophagy regulation as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy flux play an important role in the development of brain damage from stroke pathogenesis. In this study, we propose a treatment strategy using nanoparticles that can control PINK1. We used a murine photothrombotic ischemic stroke (PTS) model in which clogging of blood vessels is induced with Rose Bengal (RB) to cause brain damage. We targeted PINK1 with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)‐based nanoparticles loaded with PINK1 siRNA (PINK1 NPs). After characterizing siRNA loading in the nanoparticles, we assessed the efficacy of PINK1 NPs in mice with PTS using immunohistochemistry, 1% 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, measurement of motor dysfunction, and Western blot. PINK1 was highly expressed in microglia 24 h after PTS induction. PINK1 siRNA treatment increased phagocytic activity, migration, and expression of an anti‐inflammatory state in microglia. In addition, the PLGA nanoparticles were selectively taken up by microglia and specifically regulated PINK1 expression in those cells. Treatment with PINK1 NPs prior to stroke induction reduced expression of mitophagy‐inducing factors, infarct volume, and motor dysfunction in mice with photothrombotic ischemia. Experiments with PINK1‐knockout mice and microglia depletion with PLX3397 confirmed a decrease in stroke‐induced infarct volume and behavioral dysfunction. Application of nanoparticles for PINK1 inhibition attenuates RB‐induced photothrombotic ischemic injury by inhibiting microglia responses, suggesting that a nanomedical approach targeting the PINK1 pathway may provide a therapeutic avenue for stroke treatment.
Driving following a diagnosis of dementia: Exploring the views and experiences of people with dementia—A UK survey
Authors: Gouldsborough Victoria , Fairmichael Fergus , Davison Christopher , Hetherington Victoria , Barber Robert
Published: January 2023

Background

Driving cessation can be one of the adjustments made following a diagnosis of dementia. Little is known about the views and opinions of people living with dementia about this. The study aimed to gather a broad idea of the expectations, impacts and the process of driving cessation from the perspective of those living with dementia.

Methods

138 people with dementia and 91 relatives/friends (on behalf of an individual with dementia) took part in an online questionnaire.

Results

People living with dementia reported stopping driving following diagnosis can have negative psychological impacts particularly in relation to; feelings of isolation, depression, loss of freedom and feeling life isn’t worth living. Age, gender and choice in the driving cessation process were related to the degree of negative experiences.

Conclusions

The difficulties reported by people with dementia suggest a need to provide more structured post diagnostic support to aid decision making of driving continuation or cessation; with the view to reducing associated distress and enabling people with dementia to continue to live a meaningful life.
Activity‐Based Protein Profiling of Oxidases and Reductases
Authors: Krammer Leo , Breinbauer Rolf
Published: January 2023

Activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) as a proteomic tool allows measuring the activity of enzyme classes or distinct proteins in their cellular context, annotating the function of uncharacterized proteins, and investigating the target profile of small molecule inhibitors. While hydrolases and other enzyme classes, which exhibit a characteristic nucleophilic residue, can be addressed by electrophilic activity‐based probes, the large enzyme class of oxidoreductases has received much less attention in ABPP. In this review the state of the art of ABPP of oxidases is presented. The most frequent principle in ABPP for oxidases is the oxidative activation of the ABPP probe leading to an electrophilic group as exemplified for alkyne or amine based warheads. Alternatively, in rare cases ABPP probes can address characteristic electrophilic or nucleophilic residues of certain oxidases. Most recently, with NQO2 the first example of ABPP for a reductase has been reported.
DNMT3b affects colorectal cancer development by regulating FLI1 through DNA hypermethylation
Authors: Zhou Lei , Pan Li‐Zhen , Fan Yue‐Juan
Published: January 2023

Friend leukemia integration 1 (FLI1) is an ETS transcription factor family member. Here, we identified cg11017065 as the most hyper‐methylated cytosine and guanine (CpG) in colorectal cancer (CRC), which belongs to the FLI1 gene. Moreover, integrated bioinformatics prediction and analysis of our cohort showed that FLI1 expression was downregulated and DNA methylation was elevated in CRC. Bioinformatics prediction also indicated that patients overexpressing FLI1 had higher survival rates than those with low FLI1 expression. CRC cells with ectopic expression of FLI1 had reduced invasion, migration, cloning ability and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, DNA‐methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) was found to be significantly overexpressed in CRC, and low DNMT3b expression predicted a prolonged survival. DNMT3b bound to the FLI1 promoter. Inhibition of DNMT3b increased FLI1 expression and inhibited the malignant phenotype of CRC cells. Inhibition of FLI1 reversed the phenotypic modulation by DNMT3b depletion in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our data indicate that DNMT3b potentiates CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through downregulating FLI1.
Sinonasal complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2: A single center case series
Authors: Lee Saangyoung E. , Ghodke Ameer N. , Stepp Wesley H. , Kong Keonho A. , Chaskes Mark , Quinsey Carolyn S. , Ebert Charles S. , Thorp Brian D. , Senior Brent A. , Kimple Adam J.
Published: January 2023

Background

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has resulted in an unprecedented global pandemic. Most infected patients are either asymptomatic or have mild upper respiratory infection symptoms. However, life‐threatening sequelae have been observed. In this report, we reviewed nine cases of patients with severe complications from sinonasal disease in the setting of acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

Methods

IRB approval was obtained prior to study initiation. A retrospective chart review was performed of patients admitted to a tertiary hospital with complex sinonasal symptoms that required otolaryngologic evaluation and management in the setting of concomitant SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

Results

Nine patients, ranging from ages 3 to 71 years, with sinonasal disease and simultaneous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were identified. Initial presentations ranged from asymptomatic infection to mild/moderate disease (nasal obstruction, cough) or more severe sequelae including epistaxis, proptosis, or neurologic changes. SARS‐CoV‐2 tests were positive from one to 12 days after symptom onset, with three patients receiving SARS‐CoV‐2‐directed treatment. Complex disease presentations included bilateral orbital abscesses, suppurative intracranial infection, cavernous sinus thrombosis with epidural abscess, systemic hematogenous spread with abscess development in four distinct anatomic locations, and hemorrhagic benign adenoidal tissue. Eight of nine patients (88.8%) required operative intervention. Patients with abscesses also required prolonged, culture‐directed antibiotic courses.

Conclusion

Though most SARS‐CoV‐2 infections are asymptomatic and/or self‐limited, there is significant morbidity and mortality in patients with severe disease sequela as outlined in our reported cases. This suggests early identification and treatment of sinonasal disease in this patient population is critical to minimizing poor outcomes. Further research on the pathophysiology of these atypical presentations is needed.

Level of Evidence

4 (Case Series).
Study on the influence of journal form and position errors on the lubrication performance of four‐recess capillary restrictor hybrid journal bearing
Authors: Wang Lili , Ge Xue , Duan Jingdong , Li Longchao , Bao Yunlong
Published: January 2023

In the actual working condition, due to the manufacturing errors, improper installation, load, thermal deformation or other factors can cause the journal surface to produce the form and position errors. The mathematical models are developed that takes into account the form and position errors, the lubrication performance of four‐recess capillary restrictor hybrid journal bearings with different journal tilt angles and cylindricities is studied, and the effect of eccentricity on the oil film lubrication performance is analysed. The results show that the dimensionless oil film pressure and loading capacity increase as the journal tilt angle and eccentricity increase considering journal tilt, and the friction coefficient tends to increase and then decrease. Compared with journal alignment, the oil film thickness distorts, the oil film pressure peak shifts to the edge of bearing, and the horizontal tilt has a greater impact on bearing when the journal is tilted. The oil film pressure distribution has no significant change considering cylindricity errors, while the oil film pressure value increases, the loading capacity increases and the coefficient of friction decreases as the cylindricity and eccentricity increase. The research shows that the presence of a certain cylindricity error contributes to the lubrication performance of four‐recess capillary restrictor hybrid journal bearings.
A dynamic analysis of a monopolist's efforts for improving product quality and process innovation with reference price effects under linear demand
Authors: Guo Genlong , Li Shoude
Published: January 2023

This paper examines a monopolist's innovation efforts for improving product quality and process innovation with reference price effects. Our main results show that the system can achieve saddle‐point steady‐state equilibrium; the two efforts increase with the increase of reference price; although the price is still determined by the monopolist, the price under the social planner regulation is higher than that under the monopolist decision‐making; there is always a negative relationship between the product quality and the price; and memory parameter affects the complementarity (substitutability) relationship between these two efforts.
A data‐driven optimal control method for endoplasmic reticulum membrane compartmentalization in budding yeast cells
Authors: Laadhari Aymen , Barral Yves , Székely Gábor
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we propose a variational data assimilation approach for including data measurements in the simulation of the mobility of fluorescently labeled molecules in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum. The modeling framework aims to provide numerical evidence for compartmentalization in the endoplasmic reticulum. Experimental data are collected and an optimal control problem is formulated as a regularized inverse problem. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to introduce an optimization formulation constrained by partial differential equations to study the kinetics of fluorescently labeled molecules in budding yeast. We derive the optimality conditions and use an optimize‐then‐discretize approach. A gradient descent algorithm allows accurate estimation of unknown key parameters in different cellular compartments. The numerical results support the empirical barrier index theory suggesting the presence of a physical diffusion barrier that compartmentalizes the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by limiting the exchange of proteins between the mother and its growing bud. We report several numerical experiments on real data and geometry, with the aim of illustrating the accuracy and efficiency of the method. Furthermore, a relationship between the size ratio of mother and bud compartments and the barrier index ratio is provided.
MEDL‐Net: A model‐based neural network for MRI reconstruction with enhanced deep learned regularizers
Authors: Qiao Xiaoyu , Huang Yuping , Li Weisheng
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To improve the MRI reconstruction performance of model‐based networks and to alleviate their large demand for GPU memory.

Methods

A model‐based neural network with enhanced deep learned regularizers (MEDL‐Net) was proposed. The MEDL‐Net is separated into several submodules, each of which consists of several cascades to mimic the optimization steps in conventional MRI reconstruction algorithms. Information from shallow cascades is densely connected to latter ones to enrich their inputs in each submodule, and additional revising blocks (RB) are stacked at the end of the submodules to bring more flexibility. Moreover, a composition loss function was designed to explicitly supervise RBs.

Results

Network performance was evaluated on a publicly available dataset. The MEDL‐Net quantitatively outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods on different MR image sequences with different acceleration rates (four‐fold and six‐fold). Moreover, the reconstructed images showed that the detailed textures are better preserved. In addition, fewer cascades are required when achieving the same reconstruction results compared with other model‐based networks.

Conclusion

In this study, a more efficient model‐based deep network was proposed to reconstruct MR images. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method improves reconstruction performance with fewer cascades, which alleviates the large demand for GPU memory.
Effect of subject‐specific head morphometry on specific absorption rate estimates in parallel‐transmit MRI at 7 T
Authors: Jeong Hongbae , Andersson Jesper , Hess Aaron , Jezzard Peter
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To assess the accuracy of morphing an established reference electromagnetic head model to a subject‐specific morphometry for the estimation of specific absorption rate (SAR) in 7T parallel‐transmit (pTx) MRI.

Methods

Synthetic T1‐weighted MR images were created from three high‐resolution open‐source electromagnetic head voxel models. The accuracy of morphing a “reference” (multimodal image‐based detailed anatomical [MIDA]) electromagnetic model into a different subject's native space (Duke and Ella) was compared. Both linear and nonlinear registration methods were evaluated. Maximum 10‐g averaged SAR was estimated for circularly polarized mode and for 5000 random RF shim sets in an eight‐channel transmit head coil, and comparison made between the morphed MIDA electromagnetic models and the native Duke and Ella electromagnetic models, respectively.

Results

The averaged error in maximum 10‐g averaged SAR estimation across pTx MRI shim sets between the MIDA and the Duke target model was reduced from 17.5% with only rigid‐body registration, to 11.8% when affine linear registration was used, and further reduced to 10.7% when nonlinear registration was used. The corresponding figures for the Ella model were 16.7%, 11.2%, and 10.1%.

Conclusion

We found that morphometry accounts for up to half of the subject‐specific differences in pTx SAR. Both linear and nonlinear morphing of an electromagnetic model into a target subject improved SAR agreement by better matching head size, morphometry, and position. However, differences remained, likely arising from details in tissue composition estimation. Thus, the uncertainty of the head morphometry and tissue composition may need to be considered separately to achieve personalized SAR estimation.
Pulmonary care for ALS: Progress, gaps, and paths forward
Authors: Ackrivo Jason
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Adults with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been using home mechanical ventilation for over 50 years. More recently, home respiratory care has evolved to include portable home ventilators, airway clearance devices, and physiological assessments with telemonitoring capability.

Current State of Respiratory Care

National organizations currently offer incentives for providing a pulmonary care specialist within a multidisciplinary ALS clinic; however, several critical gaps exist between the available technology and employing a clinician with the necessary expertise.

Gaps in Care

Lack of formal training and poor financial incentives have led to a paucity of both clinicians and active clinical research engaging in the home respiratory care of ALS. Criteria for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) initiation are controversial, and few guidelines exist on the ideal subsequent adjustments of NIV with evolving disease. Consequently, many patients with ALS tolerate NIV poorly and must face the harrowing decision of hospice vs tracheostomy. Advancement of respiratory care in ALS has been hindered by critical gaps in pulmonologist availability, training in chronic respiratory failure, financial support, clinical research, and clarity on ventilation management beyond initiation.

Bringing Respiratory Care Up to Speed

Only a multifaceted approach will suffice for addressing the voids in ALS respiratory care, including various education initiatives, financial incentives, clinical research programs, and elevating the standard of respiratory care.