bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
50 Jahre „Unterrichtswissenschaft – Zeitschrift für Lernforschung“ – Jubiläumsheft I
Authors: Gräsel Cornelia , Hardy Ilonca , Hertel Silke , Kleickmann Thilo , Moser Opitz Elisabeth , Neumann Knut , Praetorius Anna-Katharina , Renkl Alexander , Wirth Joachim
Published: March 2023

Die Unterrichtswissenschaft feiert ein Jubiläum – sie erscheint im Jahr 2023 seit 50 Jahren. Dieser Beitrag ist die Einführung für das Jubiläumsheft (Heft 1, 2023). Er stellt zunächst die Gründung der Zeitschrift dar. Anhand der Protokolle der Herausgebersitzungen wird skizziert, wie sich die „Unterrichtswissenschaft“ als Zeitschrift der empirischen Lehr-Lernforschung entwickelt hat und welche Herausforderungen dabei zu bewältigen waren. Abschließend werden die bisherigen Überlegungen der derzeitigen Herausgeber*innen für die Entwicklung der Zeitschrift und der Lehr-Lern-Forschung vorgestellt.
Synthesis, structure, morphology, magnetism, and magnetocaloric-effect studies of (La1−xPrx)0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanocrystalline perovskites
Authors: Al-Shahumi Turkiya M. , Al-Omari Imaddin A. , Al-Harthi Salim H. , Myint Myo Tay Zar
Published: March 2023

Single-Phase (La1–xPrx)0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) perovskites were synthesized by the sol–gel method followed by sintering at 700 °C for 5 h. Samples with x = 0.0–0.4 are found to crystallize into rhombohedral structure (R-3c space group) while the ones with x = 0.6–1.0 crystallize into orthorhombic structure (Pbnm space group). The average particle size of the samples was in the range of 21–44 nm. All samples exhibit a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic second-order magnetic phase transition at Curie temperature, which is found to decrease linearly with increasing the Pr concentration. The magnetic coercivity was found to be small (~ 10 Oe) for all the samples, at T < TC. The experimental effective paramagnetic moment (µeff) is found to increase with increasing x from 3.99 µB (x = 0.0) to 5.05 µB (x = 1.0). The magnitude of the maximum magnetic entropy change (−ΔSM)max. and the relative cooling power (RCP) for the samples having orthorhombic structure increases as x increases reaching a maximum value of 4.67 J/kg.K and 574 J/kg at ΔµoH = 9 T for x = 1.0. While the ones with the rhombohedral structure have the maximum values of (−ΔSM)max. and RCP of 4.63 J/kg.K and 472 J/kg at ΔµoH = 9 T are for x = 0.2. The large values of (−ΔSM)max. and RCP (at room temperature (RT)) and the wider temperature range of −ΔSM for the sample with x = 0.6 suggests that this compound may be considered as magnetic refrigerant material at RT, and the other compounds can be candidates in the vicinity of RT.
The Cardiovascular Profile Score in Patients with Non-immune Hydrops Fetalis and Cardiac Anomalies — a Pilot Study
Authors: Dionysopoulou Anna , Pirih Etienne , Macchiella Doris , Fruth Anja , Jahn-Eimermacher Antje , Kampmann Christoff , Mildenberger Eva , Whybra Catharina
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the cardiovascular profile score (CVPS) correlates with fetal outcome in patients with non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) and cardiac anomalies. In this retrospective study, we included fetuses with NIHF and the suspicion of a cardiac anomaly in prenatal ultrasound. The CVPS was calculated using information obtained by fetal echocardiographic examination. Feto-neonatal mortality (FNM) was defined as intrauterine fetal demise or death in the first 6 months of life. We reviewed 98 patients, who were referred to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz with the diagnosis of NIHF between January 2007 and March 2021. By eighteen of them, the suspicion of a cardiac anomaly was raised. After exclusion of six pregnancies (one termination of pregnancy and five because of incomplete data), 12 cases were left for analysis. Mean gestational age at which the CVPS was calculated was 29 + 2 weeks. Two fetuses died in utero. Of the remaining ten hydropic fetuses, three newborns died in the neonatal period, and seven survived after a 6-month surveillance period. Median CVPS of all fetuses was 6 points. Surviving fetuses showed statistically significantly higher CVPS values (median 8 points) than fetuses with FNM (median 5 points, p value = 0.009). Our results point towards a positive association between CVPS and fetal outcome in fetuses with NIHF and cardiac anomalies. The CVPS appears to be a useful marker in the assessment of heart failure in utero.

Graphical Abstract
Update zur medikamentösen Therapie der Colitis ulcerosa
Authors: El Hadad Jasmina , Schreiner Philipp , Greuter Thomas
Published: March 2023

Das Armamentarium an Therapeutika zur Behandlung der Colitis ulcerosa (CU) wird laufend erweitert. Die Biologika-Klasse dürfte in Kürze um die selektiven Anti-IL23 anwachsen. Selektive JAK-1-Inhibitoren stehen ebenfalls kurz vor der Zulassung. Zudem ist mit dem S1P-Agonisten Ozanimod seit Herbst 2022 das zweite orale „small molecule“ auf dem Markt. Für die etablierten Biologika sind zahlreiche günstigere Biosimilars verfügbar, und die subkutanen Formen von Infliximab und Vedolizumab werden die intravenöse Therapie über kurz oder lang wohl ganz verdrängen. Der/die klinisch tätige Gastroenterologe/-in, zusammen mit dem/der Patienten/-in, steht vor der schwierigen Herausforderung, wo und wie die neuen Präparate, die einander bislang in der Indikationsstellung nicht überlegen sind, im Therapiealgorithmus zu positionieren sind. Publizierte und laufende Head-to-head-Vergleiche werden in diesem Entscheidungsprozess helfen. Nutzen und Nebenwirkungen einer Therapie sowie patientenspezifische Präferenzen (Applikationsform) sind gegeneinander abzuwägen, dies insbesondere, solange noch keine spezifischen Tests vorliegen, welche das Therapieansprechen voraussagen. Schliesslich könnten Kombinationsformen verschiedener Biologika in Zukunft zu höheren Ansprechraten führen (wie die Kombinationstherapie des Anti-TNF Golimumab und des selektiven Anti-IL23 Guselkumab in der Phase-2a-VEGA-Studie), wobei dies in laufenden und geplanten Studien zu zeigen ist.
Mary Robinson and the Gothic
Authors: Hogle Jerrold E.
Published: March 2023

Celebrated as an actress on the London stage (1776–80) and notorious as the mistress of the Prince of Wales (1779–80), Mary Darby Robinson had to write to support herself from the mid–1780s until her death in 1800. She mastered a wide range of styles, published prolifically, and became the poetry editor of the Morning Post. As her writing developed across the 1790s, she increasingly used the motifs of Gothic fiction and drama descended from Horace Walpole's Castle of Otranto (1764). These came to pervade her late novels and poems so much that she even wrote her autobiography as a Gothic romance. She also deployed them to critique the ideologies of male dominance and the forms of writing in which they appeared. This progression culminated in her final collection of verses, Lyrical Tales (1800), where she Gothically exposes the conflicted underpinnings in the now-famous Lyrical Ballads (1798) by Wordsworth and Coleridge.
The Archer and the Shield-Bearing Warrior
Authors: Loendorf Lawrence L. , Steelman Karen L. , Castañeda Amanda M.
Published: March 2023

At the Painted Coulee site (24JT86), pictographs depicting both atlatl and bow technology are present. We utilized plasma oxidation followed by accelerator mass spectrometry to directly radiocarbon date the organic material in two paint samples. A red painting of an anthropomorph with a shield and a possible atlatl in conflict with a fleeing person holding a bow was dated to 1790 ± 50 RCYBP (cal AD 120–390). Another red anthropomorph wearing snowshoes and holding a bow was dated to 1710 ± 45 RCYBP (cal AD 240–425). Radiocarbon dates for underlying oxalate minerals provided maximum ages for the paintings that are consistent with the direct ages. This early example of Plains Biographic rock art is significant because it illustrates a scene between a Late Archaic shield-bearing warrior with a possible atlatl and an anthropomorph with a bow and arrow at a time when bows first came into use on the Northwestern Plains.
Advances in data availability to constrain and evaluate frontal ablation of ice-dynamical models of Greenland's tidewater peripheral glaciers
Authors: Recinos Beatriz , Maussion Fabien , Marzeion Ben
Published: March 2023

We revise and evaluate frontal ablation fluxes obtained by the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM) for Greenland's tidewater peripheral glaciers de-coupled from the ice sheet. By making use of new region-wide ice thickness and solid ice discharge data, we re-evaluate model performance and suggest future research directions to improve the ice thickness estimation of glacier models. OGGM is unable to predict individual tidewater glacier dynamics well if it has to rely only on surface mass balance estimates and the assumption of a closed budget to constrain the calving parameterization. Velocity observations are essential to constrain the model and estimate the dynamic mass loss of Greenland's tidewater peripheral glaciers.
Falsehoods, Foreign Interference, and Compelled Speech in Singapore
Authors: Chng Kenny
Published: March 2023

Online misinformation endangers the infrastructure of fact essential to public discourse and presents an even greater threat where it is being utilised as a weapon by hostile state actors. In recognition of these dangers, Singapore has implemented legal measures to combat online misinformation, enacting in quick succession the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA) and the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act (FICA). These statutes open up novel frontiers of development for Singapore's free speech jurisprudence. Indeed, these statutes confer upon government authorities the power to compel the authors of certain material to display notices stating that the material contains falsehoods or originated from a hostile information campaign. Yet, should one accept that the constitutional right to freedom of speech extends to the freedom not to speak, the compulsion of such expressions may well be unconstitutional under Singapore's free speech guarantee. This article will study the theoretical justifications for a prohibition against compelled speech to evaluate whether Singapore free speech jurisprudence ought to recognise such a prohibition, propose a doctrinal framework to analyse compelled expressions by reference to US, UK, and Canadian jurisprudence, and critically assess how the POFMA and FICA would fare under such a doctrine.
Bio-futures for transplanetary habitats
Authors: Belling Anne-Sofie Emilie , Brandić Lipińska Monika , van Ellen Layla , Nerlich Paula , Rothschild Lynn , Maurer Chris
Published: March 2023

How can biotechnologies and biomaterials shape and sustain habitats in extreme and space environments? Biotechnologies and biomaterials have been considered essential to the design of habitats in extreme environments such as outer space. Recent advancements in biotechnological research present novel ways in which materials, artefacts and architectural systems can be designed and developed to support life in extreme environments in space and on Earth. Different bioaspects are also researched to address the increasingly extreme environments on Earth due to climate change. Some of these innovations include the use of microbial ecologies and mycelium-based materials to grow radiation-resistant, self-healing and adaptable space architecture. Designing for extreme environments is a complex activity and benefits from an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research approach. We invite a diverse range of research contributions that explore, critically evaluate, and shape potential biotechnological futures in extreme and space environments. This includes innovative biomaterials and biodesign ranging from artefacts to habitats and systems that shape and sustain interactions between biological systems to enable advancement of space exploration.
Another reconsideration of the Madaba map
Authors: Arad Pnina
Published: March 2023

It has recently been claimed that the Madaba map illustrates notions of law and ownership, and that it was displayed in a hall with secular functions. The present article rejects this claim, asserting that while we have insufficient evidence for determining the building's context, the map speaks in religious language. I argue that the Madaba map conveyed the very same message communicated by both early Christian typological imagery and Palestinian pilgrimage art, suggesting that apart from conceptualizing the topography of Palestine in religious terms and as a sacred space, the map gave expression to the theological notion of Fulfilment.
Intimate Exposure: A Feminist Phenomenology of Sexual Experience and Sexual Suppression
Authors: Hoff Shannon
Published: March 2023

Accounts of sexual experience, sexual oppression, and sexual violation, if they are not to lend support to the problems they are invoked to address, require the foundation of a phenomenological description of the character of experience. Relying on Maurice Merleau-Ponty, I aim to provide this foundation, arguing that sexual experience is a domain not of detached, individual autonomy but of intrinsic susceptibility and exposure to the world. My description of sexual experience is intended to reveal the immanent norms that sexuality projects and thereby to critique ways of inhabiting experience that disavow what is revealed in that description. The first section discerns three ambiguities that characterize our experience in Merleau-Ponty's notion of “flesh”: that between materiality and meaning, self and others, and self and world. The second section offers a phenomenology of sexual experience based on these ambiguities. The third section, on sexual oppression and suppression, identifies two stereotypical ways in which they are evaded: what I call the stances of “withdrawal from” and “control of” sexuality as flesh. Finally, the fourth section reveals the shortcomings of the legal-juridical domain in navigating our status as flesh, and warns against the proliferation of its terms, specifically the norm of consent.
Using clinical decision support to improve urine testing and antibiotic utilization
Authors: Yarrington Michael E. , Reynolds Staci S. , Dunkerson Tray , McClellan Fabienne , Polage Christopher R. , Moehring Rebekah W. , Smith Becky A. , Seidelman Jessica L. , Lewis Sarah S. , Advani Sonali D.
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Urine cultures collected from catheterized patients have a high likelihood of false-positive results due to colonization. We examined the impact of a clinical decision support (CDS) tool that includes catheter information on test utilization and patient-level outcomes.

Methods:

This before-and-after intervention study was conducted at 3 hospitals in North Carolina. In March 2021, a CDS tool was incorporated into urine-culture order entry in the electronic health record, providing education about indications for culture and suggesting catheter removal or exchange prior to specimen collection for catheters present >7 days. We used an interrupted time-series analysis with Poisson regression to evaluate the impact of CDS implementation on utilization of urinalyses and urine cultures, antibiotic use, and other outcomes during the pre- and postintervention periods.

Results:

The CDS tool was prompted in 38,361 instances of urine cultures ordered in all patients, including 2,133 catheterized patients during the postintervention study period. There was significant decrease in urine culture orders (1.4% decrease per month; P < .001) and antibiotic use for UTI indications (2.3% decrease per month; P = .006), but there was no significant decline in CAUTI rates in the postintervention period. Clinicians opted for urinary catheter removal in 183 (8.5%) instances. Evaluation of the safety reporting system revealed no apparent increase in safety events related to catheter removal or reinsertion.

Conclusion:

CDS tools can aid in optimizing urine culture collection practices and can serve as a reminder for removal or exchange of long-term indwelling urinary catheters at the time of urine-culture collection.
Large hospital-wide outbreak of Paenibacillus spp pseudobacteremia associated with contaminated nonsterile gloves
Authors: Sorio Guilherme Geraldo Lovato , Arns Beatriz , Kawski Cristiane Tejada da Silva , Gleit Patricia Machado , Flores Gabriela Pereira , Martins Erik Menezes , Gorges Muriel , Klafke Renata Dortzbacher Feil , Alves Marcelle Duarte , Magagnin Cibele Massotti , Sampaio Jorge Luiz Mello , Zavascki Alexandre Prehn
Published: March 2023

We report a large, hospital-wide outbreak of pseudobacteremia by Paenibacillus spp. In total, 139 patients presented at least 1 positive blood culture during a 13-month period. Microbiological experiments indicated that contaminated nonsterile gloves were associated with the pseudobacteremia episodes. The outbreak was resolved by discontinuing the use of the involved brand.
Views adopted by the Committee under Art. 5(4) of the Optional Protocol, concerning Communication No. 3624/2019 (U.N.H.R. Committee)
Authors: Gavouneli Maria
Published: March 2023

On September 22, 2022, the Human Rights Committee (HRC) published its views in the communication of Daniel Billy et al. v. Australia, originally submitted in May 2019. Although not the first case before human rights treaty bodies on matters relevant to climate change, it is the first time the Human Rights Committee has found a state party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in breach of its obligations under the ICCPR for failure to take mitigation and adaptation measures to combat the effects of climate change. In doing so, it made a number of comments on both procedural and substantive issues, which may well pave the way for future action.
Physical Violence and Social Tension in the Atacama Desert: Osteobiography of a Woman from the Tarapacá 40 Formative Period Cemetery
Authors: Herrera-Soto María José , González-Ramírez Andrea , Díaz Pablo , Pacheco Aryel , Retamal Rodrigo , Sáez Arturo , Santana-Sagredo Francisca , Uribe Mauricio
Published: March 2023

Physical violence and social conflict have been widely studied in the ancient societies of the Andes. However, studies about violence are scarce for the Formative period of northern Chile (1000 BC–AD 900). Evidence from these investigations is generally interpreted as interpersonal violence, whose protagonists are mostly men. Here, we present the case of an adult female recovered from the Tarapacá 40 cemetery (Tarapacá region, Chile) displaying lesions suggestive of trauma. We reconstruct her life and death in the context of this era's social and political conditions. Results of our bioanthropological characterization, cranial trauma analysis, carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis, and recording of the funerary offerings suggest she was a local member of the Formative community buried in the Tarapacá 40 cemetery and that she suffered intentional lethal lesions. Her death is unusual because there are no previous bioarchaeological records of lethal violence against women in the Tarapacá region. The osteobiography of this woman reflects a context characterized by an increase in inequality and social complexity, whereby physical violence could be used as a mechanism of internal regulation and exercise of power during the Formative period.
The Impact of Business Cycle Conditions on Firm Dynamics and Composition
Authors: Artunç Cihan
Published: March 2023

This paper estimates the causal impact of short-term aggregate fluctuations in Egypt, 1911–48, using global cotton price shocks. Firm entry was procyclical, and exit was acyclical. There were persistent differences between cohorts over the cycle; expansionary cohorts were of lower quality. The evidence supports models of firm entry with ex-ante heterogeneity. The findings highlight the extensive margin of entry as the primary adjustment mechanism. As a result, recessions had a strong “isolation” effect. This nature of firm entry amplified and propagated temporary price shocks.
Psychosis spectrum features, neurocognition and functioning in a longitudinal study of youth with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Gur Raquel E. , McDonald-McGinn Donna M. , Moore Tyler M. , Gallagher R. Sean , McClellan Emily , White Lauren , Ruparel Kosha , Hillman Noah , Crowley T. Blaine , McGinn Daniel E. , Zackai Elaine , Emanuel Beverly S. , Calkins Monica E. , Roalf David R. , Gur Ruben C.
Published: March 2023

Background

Neuropsychiatric disorders are common in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) with about 25% of affected individuals developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders by young adulthood. Longitudinal evaluation of psychosis spectrum features and neurocognition can establish developmental trajectories and impact on functional outcome.

Methods

157 youth with 22q11DS were assessed longitudinally for psychopathology focusing on psychosis spectrum symptoms, neurocognitive performance and global functioning. We contrasted the pattern of positive and negative psychosis spectrum symptoms and neurocognitive performance differentiating those with more prominent Psychosis Spectrum symptoms (PS+) to those without prominent psychosis symptoms (PS−).

Results

We identified differences in the trajectories of psychosis symptoms and neurocognitive performance between the groups. The PS+ group showed age associated increase in symptom severity, especially negative symptoms and general nonspecific symptoms. Correspondingly, their level of functioning was worse and deteriorated more steeply than the PS− group. Neurocognitive performance was generally comparable in PS+ and PS− groups and demonstrated a similar age-related trajectory. However, worsening executive functioning distinguished the PS+ group from PS− counterparts. Notably, of the three executive function measures examined, only working memory showed a significant difference between the groups in rate of change. Finally, structural equation modeling showed that neurocognitive decline drove the clinical change.

Conclusions

Youth with 22q11DS and more prominent psychosis features show worsening of symptoms and functional decline driven by neurocognitive decline, most related to executive functions and specifically working memory. The results underscore the importance of working memory in the developmental progression of psychosis.
‘God corresponds to Godself’: John Webster's doctrine of God ‘after’ Karl Barth
Authors: Rempel Brent
Published: March 2023

The nature and extent of Karl Barth's significance in John Webster's theological formation is widely recognised but remains to be explored in detail. Addressing this lacuna, this essay considers how Barth's doctrine of the triune God animates Webster's teaching on the same. In approaching the topic, I show how Webster carries forward Barth's deep sense of God's aseity in relation to the world and follows Barth in his commitment to the singularity of God's triune being. God's particularity and aseity converge in ‘God's self-correspondence’ (namely, that God ‘in Godself’ corresponds to God ‘for us’), which represents the core of Barth's influence on Webster's theology proper. The final section responds to Katherine Sonderegger's recent criticism of Webster's ‘relationalism’, which counts God's relation to creatures as an integral aspect of God's eternal life. I reframe the issue in terms of Webster's late-career retractions of the language of inclusion and divine self-determination, arguing that the difficulties that Sonderegger identifies in earlier writings are overcome in the final decade of Webster's corpus.
The effect of memory instructions on within- and between-language false memory
Authors: Beato Maria Soledad , Albuquerque Pedro B. , Cadavid Sara , Suarez Mar
Published: March 2023

We examined the effect of memory instructions on false memory using the Deese/Roediger–McDermott paradigm in second-language learners. Participants studied lists of words in L1 and L2 (e.g., note, sound, piano…) associatively related to a non-presented critical lure (e.g., MUSIC). In a later recognition test, critical lures appeared in the same or the other language of their lists (i.e., within- and between-language conditions). In Experiment 1, participants should only endorse an item when study and test languages matched (i.e., restrictive instructions); that is, they should retrieve language information. In Experiment 2, participants should endorse studied items regardless of the language (i.e., inclusive instructions). With restrictive instructions, false recognition was higher in within- than between-language conditions, whereas with inclusive instructions, this result was replicated only when words were studied in L1, but not L2. Results suggested that second-language learners show false memory in their L2 and that the effect of language shift on false recognition depended on the study language.
Partnership among peasants: rural England, 1270–1520
Authors: Dyer Christopher
Published: March 2023

Historians of medieval society tend to emphasise the roles of either individual peasants or the village community. They also debate the importance of the market in the peasant economy. Here the focus is on partnership, defined as two or more people pursuing common objectives in a mutual co-operative relationship. Peasants sometimes held land jointly, and new land might be cleared by two or more people. Pairs of peasants regularly took on paid work. It is argued that a likely explanation for occasional flurries of litigation was a breakdown of partnerships. The multiple legal disputes suggest the range of collaborative activities undertaken by peasants, from domestic bread making to the management of pastures. Partnerships may have contributed to the resilience of peasant holdings, especially in the period 1370–1420. Local courts and communities responded with peace-making measures if former partners lapsed into extreme hostility.
Coroners’ inquest juries in sixteenth-century England
Authors: Gunn Steven , Gromelski Tomasz
Published: March 2023

Juries enabled the participation in local governance of those outside national and regional elites in early modern England. Yet their social range is disputed. We investigate coroners’ inquest juries in a range of communities and compare a sample of 148 juries in eleven counties, featuring 2024 jurors, with tax and muster records. These show that while the rural and urban middling sorts were disproportionately represented, the rich and poor were by no means excluded. As militarily able household heads, many jurors matched the wider demands of ‘respectable masculinity’, and this may be reflected in some of the verdicts they reached.
Cultural heritage and the International Court of Justice: Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Armenia v. Azerbaijan), Provisional Measures, Order of 7 December 2021
Authors: Kirchmair Lando
Published: March 2023

This case note discusses the role of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the protection of cultural heritage. Of particular relevance in this vein is the cultural heritage dimension of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and its interpretation by the ICJ in its provisional measures order of 7 December 2021 in the proceedings on the Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination (Armenia v. Azerbaijan). In this order, the ICJ indicated provisional measures to protect the cultural heritage of minorities and their right to equal participation in cultural activities. Looking ahead, the case note briefly elaborates on the potential implications of this order and the proceedings for the broader debate on the human right to cultural heritage.
UNESCO, world heritage and human rights
Authors: Vrdoljak Ana Filipa
Published: March 2023

This article examines the relationship between the World Heritage Convention and international human rights law. The first part of the article draws on key phrases in Article 1 of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) Constitution, which defines its purpose to elaborate on the role of human rights to UNESCO’s mandate and how developments in international human rights law over the last 75 years have been translated into the organization’s policies and programs and the implementation of the World Heritage Convention. The second part details how human rights violations related to World Heritage properties expose significant shortcomings in UNESCO’s fulfillment of its mandate and states’ compliance with international human rights norms. The third part outlines the international responsibility of various actors in respect of serious violations of human rights related to World Heritage properties. The final part identifies possible areas of reform in the operation of the World Heritage Convention that may facilitate its alignment with international human rights law and UNESCO’s adherence to its mandate.
Commentary on Rissfeldt: The Small Matter of the Doctor’s Autonomy
Authors: Buijsen Martin
Published: March 2023

In his article, Thomas Rissfeldt argues the compatibility of palliative care with euthanasia and assisted suicide.1 By his account, many working within the field of palliative care feel that euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are incompatible with palliative care. Wrongly, according to the author, since (1) the aims of palliative care and euthanasia/assisted suicide are not different, (2) euthanasia and assisted suicide are compatible with the fundamental role of the physician as healer, and (3) euthanasia and assisted suicide do not necessarily constitute patient abandonment.2
Hospital Disasters Preparedness for Mass-Casualty Incidents at Emergency Units in Northwest of Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Getu Samuel Befekadu , Walle Tsegaw Fisseha , Arcos González Pedro , Castro Delgado Rafael
Published: March 2023

Background:

Ethiopian policy and strategy aim to make health care systems capable of dealing with emergencies. However, Ethiopian health care still lacks a comprehensive “all-hazard” approach and a disaster preparedness program. Thus, this study aimed to assess the level of disaster preparedness in selected public hospitals for mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) in Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at general and comprehensive specialized hospitals (CSHs) in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia using a World Health Organization (WHO) hospital emergency response checklist that included a domain on mass-casualty management (MCM) adapted from a literature review.

Results:

Seventeen (17) hospitals were evaluated (response rate: 81%). Five (29.4%) were teaching hospitals (tertiary health care) and 12 (70.5%) were non-teaching (secondary health care) hospitals. With an average mean of 97.3 (SD = 33.68; range 31-160), most hospitals under WHO required an Acceptable level of preparedness. Two were at an Unacceptable (0-67) level of preparedness, 12 (70.5%) hospitals were at an Insufficient (68-134) state, while the other three had an Acceptable (135-192) level of preparedness.

Conclusion:

The preparedness level of hospitals is Insufficient for potential MCIs in this region and needs prior attention in implementing existing strategic guidelines to develop and activate hospital disaster plans if and when needed.
How do empirical estimators of popular risk measures impact pro-cyclicality?
Authors: Bräutigam Marcel , Kratz Marie
Published: March 2023

Risk measurements are clearly central to risk management, in particular for banks, (re)insurance companies, and investment funds. The question of the appropriateness of risk measures for evaluating the risk of financial institutions has been heavily debated, especially after the financial crisis of 2008/2009. Another concern for financial institutions is the pro-cyclicality of risk measurements. In this paper, we extend existing work on the pro-cyclicality of the Value-at-Risk to its main competitors, Expected Shortfall, and Expectile: We compare the pro-cyclicality of historical quantile-based risk estimation, taking into account the market state. To characterise the latter, we propose various estimators of the realised volatility. Considering the family of augmented GARCH(p, q) processes (containing well-known GARCH models and iid models, as special cases), we prove that the strength of pro-cyclicality depends on the three factors: the choice of risk measure and its estimators, the realised volatility estimator and the model considered, but, no matter the choices, the pro-cyclicality is always present. We complement this theoretical analysis by performing simulation studies in the iid case and developing a case study on real data.
Toward electoral (ir)relevance of moral traditionalism? Religious decline and voting in Western Europe (1981–2017)
Authors: Pless Anna , Tromp Paul , Houtman Dick
Published: March 2023

This article tests two contrasting hypotheses about changes in the electoral relevance of moral traditionalism–progressiveness, which pertains to attitudes toward matters of procreation, sexuality, and family and gender roles. While the “cultural turn” literature expects the electoral relevance of moral traditionalism to increase over time alongside that of all other cultural issues, studies inspired by secularization theory rather predict a decrease in its relevance—due to religious decline. Analyzing the data from the European Values Study (1981–2017) for 20 West European countries, we find empirical evidence for a decrease and no indication of an increase in the electoral relevance of moral traditionalism. Religious decline weakened the effect of moral traditionalism on religious and conservative voting over time due to the most traditionalist voters shifting away from these parties. Our findings, therefore, highlight the need to differentiate between different types of cultural motives behind voting choice in Western Europe.
Cumulative Culture
Authors: Sehner Sandro , Burkart Judith M.
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Although the spread of innovations through social learning is well documented in animals, resulting animal cultures have remained simple without an increase in complexity over time. Human culture, in contrast, evolves constantly and is unparalleled in terms of complexity and diversity. Why only human culture is cumulative is the subject of ongoing debates, but the most prevalent suggestions are that animals lack high-fidelity transmission and complex innovations. This article examines how the combination of two factors may have helped humans overcome these limitations: first, our having a big brain, inherited from our great-ape-like ancestors; second, our reliance on extensive allomaternal care that evolved convergently with other cooperatively breeding species. We provide support for this suggestion with recent evidence from cooperatively breeding common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus), showing that motivation for cooperation can trump intelligence when it comes to solving problems and information transmission to the next generation.
Der Einfluss von Kultur auf die Entwicklung in den ersten drei Lebensjahren
Authors: Torréns Marta Giner , Wefers Helen , Kärtner Joscha
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass kulturell geprägte soziale Interaktionen die Grundlage für kulturspezifische Entwicklungspfade bilden, veranschaulichen wir in diesem Beitrag den Einfluss von Kultur auf die Entwicklung des sozialen Lächelns und sozialer Erwartungen im Säuglingsalter sowie auf das Hilfeverhalten im 2. und 3. Lebensjahr. Die methodisch breit aufgestellten Studienbeispiele aus drei kulturellen Kontexten zeigen, dass die elterlichen Ethnotheorien und die damit assoziierten Formen der Ko-Regulation und Strukturierung als zentraler Teil des kindlichen Entwicklungssystems mitgedacht werden müssen, um die menschliche Entwicklung angemessen beschreiben zu können. Zukünftige Schritte hin zu einer Entwicklungspsychologie, die ihr Verständnis von universellen und kulturspezifischen Aspekten der kindlichen Entwicklung weiter vertieft, werden diskutiert.
Effects of a Stress Management Training in Patients With Lymphedema	and Obesity During Rehabilitation
Authors: Loibnegger-Traußnig Katharina , Schwerdtfeger Andreas R. , Flaggl Franz
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Background: Evidence for behavioral weight loss interventions demonstrates promising effects, but stress management training for weight loss and stress reduction in patients with lymphedema and obesity during rehabilitation has not been investigated yet. Aim: This study aims to examine innovative psychological treatment options for weight loss and stress management through a multifaceted approach in patients with lymphedema and obesity. Method: Seventy-one patients with lymphedema and obesity participating in an existing rehabilitation took part in this clinical trial. Half of them ( n = 36) were allocated to an additional stress management intervention. At the beginning of rehabilitation and the end (after 3 weeks; n = 66) participants’ weight, physical fitness, heart rate variability (HRV), and perceived stress were assessed. After around 8 months ( n = 28) chronic and perceived stress were evaluated again. Results: Irrespective of group allocation, rehabilitation had a positive, but short-term effect on perceived stress ( d = 0.60). Although patients receiving the additional stress management training did neither show a decrease in perceived stress nor an increase of HRV from pre- to post-assessment, they lost more weight and improved physical fitness at post-assessment as compared to the control group. Limitations: A stress-reducing effect of the training was not found, thus questioning the underlying mechanism of the applied intervention. Conclusions: Findings suggest a clinically relevant impact of psychological interventions in patients with lymphedema and a promising pathway for further research.
Temperature and Climatic Seasonality Affecting C3 Versus C4 Plants Since the Last Deglacial on the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ma Xueyun , Wei Zhifu , Wang Yongli , Wang Gen , Zhang Ting , Ma He , He Wei , Yu Xiaoli , Zhang Pengyuan
Published: March 2023

The climate reconstruction of the Tibetan Plateau, which was called the Third Pole Environment, has been a research hotspot in recent years. However, there are few studies on C3 and C4 plants evolution and it is an area of active debate on whether there are C4 plants existing on the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the paleoclimate of the Hurleg Lake on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau is reconstructed based on n‐alkane‐induced indicators, while the C4 plant evolution history is established by compound‐specific isotope of long‐chain n‐alkanes since 14.1 cal kyr BP. The response of C4 plant evolution history to climate change on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau demonstrated that C3 and C4 plants were sensitive to local and global climate change. Solar radiation in summer, insolation‐affected East Asian monsoon, and seasonal climate (including seasonal variation of the solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation) had significant effects on the long‐term growth of C4. On the other hand, factors such as temperature, precipitation, and other potential factors affected the detailed variation of C4 plants in a relatively short‐term. Our finding maintained the existence of C4 plants in the high‐altitude region and indicated that the abundance of C4 plants might increase significantly and the ecological pattern of vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau will change distinctly in the coming warmer climate conditions.
A Lagrangian Study of Tidal Advection of Mesospheric Water Vapor
Authors: Koushik N. , Oberheide J. , Pedatella N. M.
Published: March 2023

Previous studies have demonstrated that the diurnal variability of mesospheric water vapor involves a non‐linear interplay between dynamics, photochemistry, and catalytic processes. The inherent difficulty in measurement of winds and water vapor in this region makes the study of mesospheric water vapor complex. Here we study the sources of diurnal variability of mesospheric water vapor with the help of the specified dynamics configuration of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (SD‐WACCM‐X) for typical equinox conditions during the solar minimum year 2009. Special emphasis is given to the advective transport by the migrating diurnal tide and its impact on the mean water vapor in the mesosphere. To isolate the contribution from advective and non‐advective processes, a Lagrangian parcel trajectory model is employed. Using this model, we incorporated the effect of both vertical and horizontal tidal advection on the diurnal variability of mesospheric water vapor. Our results indicate that the vertical tidal advection dominates the transport of water vapor in the upper mesosphere and that there is a significant contribution from horizontal tidal advection below 70 km. Among non‐advective processes, chemical loss of water vapor has the largest contribution. The Lagrangian parcel trajectory approach is further extended using the recently released version 2.07 of water vapor observations from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument and dynamical tides from the empirical Climatological Tidal Model for the Thermosphere (CTMT). Differences in SD‐WACCM‐X and CTMT + SABER results are discussed in light of the veracity of SABER water vapor measurements.
Plant latent defense response against compatibility
Authors: Zhang Huiming
Published: March 2023

Managing the association with microbes is crucial for plants. Evidence is emerging for the plant latent defense response, which is conditionally elicited by certain microbial nonpathogenic factors and thereby guards against potential risks from beneficial or commensal microbes. Latent defense response is an exciting new research area with a number of key issues immediately awaiting exploration. A detailed understanding of latent defense response will underpin the applications of beneficial microbes.
Cell-autonomous effect of cardiomyocyte branched-chain amino acid catabolism in heart failure in mice
Authors: Yu Jia-yu , Cao Nancy , Rau Christoph D. , Lee Ro-Po , Yang Jieping , Flach Rachel J. Roth , Petersen Lauren , Zhu Cansheng , Pak Yea-Lyn , Miller Russell A. , Liu Yunxia , Wang Yibin , Li Zhaoping , Sun Haipeng , Gao Chen
Published: March 2023

Parallel to major changes in fatty acid and glucose metabolism, defect in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism has also been recognized as a metabolic hallmark and potential therapeutic target for heart failure. However, BCAA catabolic enzymes are ubiquitously expressed in all cell types and a systemic BCAA catabolic defect is also manifested in metabolic disorder associated with obesity and diabetes. Therefore, it remains to be determined the cell-autonomous impact of BCAA catabolic defect in cardiomyocytes in intact hearts independent from its potential global effects. In this study, we developed two mouse models. One is cardiomyocyte and temporal-specific inactivation of the E1α subunit (BCKDHA-cKO) of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, which blocks BCAA catabolism. Another model is cardiomyocyte specific inactivation of the BCKDH kinase (BCKDK-cKO), which promotes BCAA catabolism by constitutively activating BCKDH activity in adult cardiomyocytes. Functional and molecular characterizations showed E1α inactivation in cardiomyocytes was sufficient to induce loss of cardiac function, systolic chamber dilation and pathological transcriptome reprogramming. On the other hand, inactivation of BCKDK in intact heart does not have an impact on baseline cardiac function or cardiac dysfunction under pressure overload. Our results for the first time established the cardiomyocyte cell autonomous role of BCAA catabolism in cardiac physiology. These mouse lines will serve as valuable model systems to investigate the underlying mechanisms of BCAA catabolic defect induced heart failure and to provide potential insights for BCAA targeted therapy.
Oculo-dento-digital dysplasia: a systematic analysis of published dental literature
Authors: Hindu Karshma Devi , Umer Fahad
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Oculo-dento-digital dysplasia (ODDD, OMIM# 164200) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutation in Gap junction alpha gene that encodes connexin 43 (Cx43) protein. In this paper, the case of a 16-year-old boy is reported who presented with the complaint of toothache. Examination revealed unusual facial features, i.e., long narrow nose, hypertelorism, prominent epicanthal folds along with syndactyly and camptodactyly. We have also compiled available dental literature on ODDD that will help clinicians in early diagnosis and management of this condition.

Materials and methods

A literature search was performed in PubMed NLM, EBSCO Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, and EBSCO CINAHL Plus.

Results

A total of 309 articles were identified in the literature search. Only 17 articles were included based on the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria in the review synthesis. The included articles were case reports (n = 15), a case report and review (n = 1), and an original article (n = 1). Enamel hypoplasia, hypomineralization, microdontia, pulp stones, curved roots, and taurodontism were common dental findings in ODDD.

Conclusions

After establishing definitive diagnosis, a multidisciplinary team should work in cohesion to improve the quality of life of patients. Immediate treatment should be focused on the correction of current oral condition and symptomatic treatment. In the long term, attention should be diverted to prevent tooth wear and maintaining the occlusal vertical dimension to establish adequate function.
National contributions to climate change due to historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide since 1850
Authors: Jones Matthew W. , Peters Glen P. , Gasser Thomas , Andrew Robbie M. , Schwingshackl Clemens , Gütschow Johannes , Houghton Richard A. , Friedlingstein Pierre , Pongratz Julia , Le Quéré Corinne
Published: March 2023

Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have made significant contributions to global warming since the pre-industrial period and are therefore targeted in international climate policy. There is substantial interest in tracking and apportioning national contributions to climate change and informing equitable commitments to decarbonisation. Here, we introduce a new dataset of national contributions to global warming caused by historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide during the years 1851–2021, which are consistent with the latest findings of the IPCC. We calculate the global mean surface temperature response to historical emissions of the three gases, including recent refinements which account for the short atmospheric lifetime of CH4. We report national contributions to global warming resulting from emissions of each gas, including a disaggregation to fossil and land use sectors. This dataset will be updated annually as national emissions datasets are updated.