bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amount, distance-dependent and structural effects of forest patches on bees in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Rahimi Ehsan , Barghjelveh Shahindokht , Dong Pinliang
Published: January 2022

Background

The growing human population and the need for more food in the world have reduced forests and turned them into agricultural land. Many agricultural products are dependent on pollinating bees, so it is possible to increase crop production by increasing the population of bees in agricultural landscapes and preventing further deforestation. In agricultural landscapes, bees use forest patches as nesting habitats and, therefore, are highly dependent on these patches. Therefore, by creating new forest patches within agricultural fields, we can increase the pollination rate, and thus the crop production. In this regard, understanding the role of forest patches and their effects on bee populations is a key step in successfully implementing the patch creation strategy. To determine the effects of forest patches on bees and pollination services, we reviewed 93 articles examining the effects of forest patches on bees in agricultural landscapes. We divided these effects into three categories based on the sampling method: (1) distance-dependent, (2) amount, and (3) structural effects.

Methods

We searched for published studies related to the effects of the forest patches on bees in agricultural landscapes using the ISI Web of Science. We conducted our search from May 1991 to May 2021 using the following search string keywords: forest fragment, forest patch, forest fragmentation, pollination, and bee.

Results

Approximately, 79% of studies showed that by increasing the distance (up to 2 km) from forest patches, regardless of the type of species, the type of agricultural product around the patches, the size and number of patches, the bees’ diversity and abundance decrease. Approximately, 76% of the studies showed that the presence of forest cover within a radius of 2 km from the target sites has a positive effect on bee populations. Our data also show that larger forest patches maintain a larger population of bees than smaller ones.

Conclusion

It was not clear what percentage of a landscape should be covered by forest or how much habitat was sufficient to maintain a viable population of bees. Therefore, we suggest future studies to find the thresholds of forest amounts below which the bee population is rapidly declining.
Hen raising helps chicks establish gut microbiota in their early life and improve microbiota stability after H9N2 challenge
Authors: Li Xiaobing , Bi Ran , Xiao Kangpeng , Roy Ayan , Zhang Zhipeng , Chen Xiaoyuan , Peng Jinyu , Wang Ruichen , Yang Rou , Shen Xuejuan , Irwin David M. , Shen Yongyi
Published: January 2022

Background

Early gut microbial colonization is important for postnatal growth and immune development of the chicken. However, at present, commercial chickens are hatched and raised without adult hens, thus are cut off from the microbiota transfer between hens and chicks. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota composition between hen-reared and separately reared chicks, and its impact on the resistance to H9N2 avian influenza virus, with the motive of investigating the impact of this cutoff in microbiota transfer.

Results

We used the 16SrRNA sequencing method to assess the composition of the gut microbiota in chicks represented by three hen-reared groups and one separately reared group. We found that the diversity of gut microbes in the chicks from the three hen-reared groups was more abundant than in the separately reared group, both at the phylum and genus levels. Our findings highlight the importance of early parental care in influencing the establishment of gut microbiota in the early life of chicks. SourceTracker analysis showed that the feather and cloaca microbiota of hens are the main sources of gut microbiota of chicks. After H9N2 exposure, the viral infection lasted longer in the separately reared chicks, with the viral titers in their oropharyngeal swabs being higher compared to the hen-reared chicks at day 5 post-infection. Interestingly, our results revealed that the gut microbiota of the hen-reared chicks was more stable after H9N2 infection in comparison to that of the separately reared chicks.

Conclusions

Microbiota transfer between the hens and their chicks promotes the establishment of a balanced and diverse microbiota in the early life of the chicks and improves microbiota stability after H9N2 challenge. These findings advance our understanding of the protective role of gut microbiota in the early life of chicks and should be instrumental in improving chick rearing in the commercial poultry industry.
A case of successful conversion surgery for locally advanced pancreatic cancer with synchronous triple cancer of the lung and esophagus: a case report
Authors: Mita Junya , Iguchi Tomohiro , Iseda Norifumi , Takada Kazuki , Hirose Kosuke , Miura Naoko , Honboh Takuya , Emi Yasunori , Akashi Tetsuro , Kato Seiya , Sadanaga Noriaki , Matsuura Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

Background

The number of reports of multiple primary cancer (MPC) is increasing because of the advancement in diagnostic imaging technology. However, the treatment strategy for MPCs involving pancreatic cancer is controversial because of the extremely poor prognosis. We herein report a patient with synchronous triple cancer involving the pancreas, esophagus, and lung who underwent conversion surgery after intensive chemotherapy for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Case presentation

A 59-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with epigastric pain, anorexia, and weight loss. Computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed that the patient had synchronous triple cancer of the pancreas, esophagus, and lung. While the esophageal and lung cancer were relatively non-progressive, the pancreatic tail cancer had invaded the aorta, celiac axis, and left kidney, and the patient was diagnosed with unresectable locally advanced disease. Because the described lesion could have been the prognostic determinant for this patient, we initiated intensive chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel) for pancreatic cancer. After six courses of chemotherapy, the tumor size shrank remarkably and no invasion to the aorta or celiac axis was observed. No significant changes were observed in the esophageal and lung cancers; endoscopic submucosal dissection could be still a curative treatment for the esophageal cancer. Therefore, we performed curative resection for pancreatic cancer (distal pancreatomy, splenectomy, and left nephrectomy; ypT3N0cM0, ypStage IIA, UICC 8th). Pathologically, complete resection was achieved. The patient then underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for early esophageal cancer (pT1a[M]-LPM) and video-assisted thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy in combination with right lower partial resection for early lung cancer (pT2aN0M0, pStage IB, UICC 8th). Eight months after pancreatic cancer surgery, the patient is alive and has no sign of recurrence; as a result of the successful treatment, the patient has a good quality of life.

Conclusions

Treatment of MPC is challenging, especially for cases with unresectable tumors. Although synchronous triple cancer can involve unresectable pancreatic cancer, radical resection may be possible after careful assessment of the appropriate treatment strategy and downstaging of unresectable tumors.
Unattractive faces are more attractive when the bottom-half is masked, an effect that reverses when the top-half is concealed
Authors: Pazhoohi Farid , Kingstone Alan
Published: January 2022

Facial attractiveness in humans signals an individual’s genetic condition, underlying physiology and health status, serving as a cue to one’s mate value. The practice of wearing face masks for prevention of transmission of airborne infections may disrupt one’s ability to evaluate facial attractiveness, and with it, cues to an individual's health and genetic condition. The current research investigated the effect of face masks on the perception of face attractiveness. Across four studies, we tested if below- and above-average attractive full faces are equally affected by wearing facial masks. The results reveal that for young faces (Study 1) and old faces (Study 2) a facial mask increases the perceived attractiveness of relatively unattractive faces, but there is no effect of wearing a face mask for highly attractive faces. Study 3 shows that the same pattern of ratings emerged when the bottom-half of the faces are cropped rather than masked, indicating that the effect is not mask-specific. Our final Study 4, in which information from only the lower half of the faces was made available, showed that contrary to our previous findings, highly attractive half-faces are perceived to be less attractive than their full-face counterpart; but there is no such effect for the less attractive faces. This demonstrates the importance of the eye-region in the perception of attractiveness, especially for highly attractive faces. Collectively these findings suggest that a positivity-bias enhances the perception of unattractive faces when only the upper face is visible, a finding that may not extend to attractive faces because of the perceptual weight placed on their eye-region.
Augmented electrical resistivity tomography magnetotelluric response function
Authors: Harrison Wesley , Pellerin Louise , Webb Susan Jane
Published: January 2022

With the magnetotelluric (MT) method, conductive layers can mask deeper resistors. An analytical relationship is derived between electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and MT data to calculate an augmented ERT-MT response function. The augmented ERT-MT response function adds additional high-frequency content in the MT response function. This allows us to model the near-surface conductive layer from the ERT data and resolve deeper resistive structures with the MT data. In general, for the 1D case, the augmented ERT-MT response function results in a 1D inverse model that demonstrates an improvement of up to approximately 91% in recovering the true resistivity model. The augmented ERT-MT response function also is tested on theoretical 2D models. Two electrical resistivity models are used for the 2D tests. For both 2D models, the resistive dike and conductive overburden that were initially concealed are recovered when using the augmented ERT-MT response function. The augmented ERT-MT response function also is applied to field data, allowing us to map a resistive dike below a conductive overburden that was absent in the standard MT inverse model. The recovered dike and fault zone in the augmented ERT-MT response function resistivity inverse model correlate with the same features observed in a magnetic susceptibility inverse model. The augmented ERT-MT response function technique improves the resolution of MT to recover resistors beneath a conductive layer for the theoretical and experimental cases.
Geologic-time-based interpolation of borehole data for building high-resolution models: Methods and applications
Authors: Bi Zhengfa , Wu Xinming , Li Yaxing , Yan Shangsheng , Zhang Sibo , Si Hongjie
Published: January 2022

Integrating borehole data into a uniformly sampled grid is an essential but challenging task for seismic data processing and reservoir characterization. We propose an efficient geologic-time-based interpolation method to build subsurface models where the structures are consistent with the seismic structures and the vertical resolution of model properties is as high as well-log records. Based on a seismic image, we first compute a relative geologic time (RGT) volume that provides an implicit map of all the geologic structures in the seismic image. We then construct an interpolated model from borehole data by following constant RGT values (each one corresponds to a same geologic layer), and thus obtain a high-resolution model honoring both seismic structures and well-log values. Such a model could provide a low-frequency control for a deep learning or conventional inversion method to estimate reservoir properties, or it can be used as a reliable initial background model to improve the performance of full-waveform inversion. We use both synthetic and field data examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method even when reservoir properties are only observed at sparsely scattered locations. In comparison to the existing approaches, our method can produce a more geologically consistent subsurface model which can be used as a better initial model for a deep learning method to estimate a refined rock-property model from seismic data.
Challenges of Implementing Lung Cancer Screening in a Developing Country: Results of the Second Brazilian Early Lung Cancer Screening Trial (BRELT2)
Authors: Hochhegger Bruno , Camargo Spencer , da Silva Teles Gustavo Borges , Chate Rodrigo Caruso , Szarf Gilberto , Guimarães Marcos Duarte , Gross Jefferson Luiz , Barbosa Paula Nicole Vieira Pinto , Chiarantano Rodrigo Sampaio , Reis Rui Manuel , Mauad Edmundo Carvalho , Ghefter Mario , Sarmento Petrucio , Pereira Raphael , Rocha José , Albuquerque Marcel Lima , Miotto André , Almeida Dias Daniela Cristina , Franceschini Juliana P. , Fernando Hiran C. , dos Santos Ricardo Sales
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE

This paper aims to present the results of a series of several Brazilian institutions that have been carrying out lung cancer screening (LCS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This is a retrospective, cohort study, with follow-up of individuals of both sexes, with a heavy smoking history, who participated in LCS programs between December 2013 and January 2021 in six Brazilian institutions located in the states of São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, and Bahia.

RESULTS

Three thousand four hundred seventy individuals were included, of which 59.8% were male (n = 2,074) and 50.6% were current smokers (n = 1,758), with 60.7 years (standard deviation 8.8 years). Lung-RADS 4 was observed in 233 (6.7%) patients. Biopsy was indicated by minimally invasive methods in 122 patients (3.5%). Two patients who demonstrated false-negative biopsies and lung cancer were diagnosed in follow-up. Diagnosis of lung cancer was observed in 74 patients (prevalence rate of 2.1%), with 52 (70.3%) in stage I or II. Granulomatous disease was found in 20 patients. There were no statistical differences in the incidence of lung cancer, biopsies, granulomatous disease, and Lung-RADS 4 nodules between public and private patients.

CONCLUSION

There are still many challenges and obstacles in the implementation of LCS in developing countries; however, our multi-institutional data were possible to obtain satisfactory results in these scenarios and to achieve similar results to the main international studies. Granulomatous diseases did not increase the number of lung biopsies. The authors hope that it could stimulate the creation of organized screening programs in regions still endemic for tuberculosis and other granulomatous diseases.
Combination of Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, and Docetaxel in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring HER2 Mutations: Results From the IFCT-1703 R2D2 Trial
Authors: Mazieres Julien , Lafitte Claire , Ricordel Charles , Greillier Laurent , Negre Elodie , Zalcman Gérard , Domblides Charlotte , Madelaine Jeannick , Bennouna Jaafar , Mascaux Céline , Moro-Sibilot Denis , Pinquie François , Cortot Alexis B. , Otto Josiane , Cadranel Jacques , Langlais Alexandra , Morin Franck , Westeel Virginie , Besse Benjamin
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE

HER2 exon 20 insertions and point mutations are oncogenic drivers found in 1%-2% of patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). No targeted therapy is approved for this subset of patients. We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of the combination of two antibodies against human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2 [HER2] trastuzumab and pertuzumab with docetaxel; trastuzumab and pertuzumab) and docetaxel.

METHODS

The IFCT 1703-R2D2 trial is a multicenter, nonrandomized phase II study. Patients with HER2-mutated, advanced NSCLC who progressed after ≥ 1 platinum-based treatment were enrolled. Patients received pertuzumab at a loading dose of 840 mg and 420 mg thereafter; trastuzumab at an 8 mg/kg loading dose and 6 mg/kg thereafter; and docetaxel at a dose of 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR). Other end points included the duration of response, progression-free survival, and safety ( NCT03845270 ).

RESULTS

Forty-five patients were enrolled and treated. The median age was 64.5 years (range, 31-84 years), 35% were smokers, 72% were females, 15% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2, and 30% had brain metastases. The objective response rate was 29% (n = 13), and 58% had stable disease (n = 26). The median progression-free survival was 6.8 months (95% CI, 4.0 to 8.5). The median duration of response in patients with a confirmed response (n = 13) was 11 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 14.9). Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were observed in 64% of the patients. No patient discontinued treatment because of toxicity. The most frequent grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia (33%), diarrhea (13%), and anemia (9%).

CONCLUSION

Triple therapy with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and docetaxel is feasible and effective for HER2-mutated pretreated advanced NSCLC. These results highlight the effectiveness of the HER2 antibody-based strategy, which should be considered for these patients.
Representation of Women as Editors in Anesthesiology Journals
Authors: McMullen Kaley , Kraus Molly B. , Kosiorek Heidi , Harbell Monica W.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

Although there has been a considerable increase in the representation of women in medicine, a gender gap still exists with regard to leadership positions. This gender discrepancy has been identified in the field of anesthesiology, in terms of first and senior authorship, as well as in general composition of editorial boards in Anesthesiology and Anesthesia & Analgesia. The goal of this study is to examine the current representation of women in editorial boards of anesthesia journals with respect to the hierarchy of different editorial positions and to assess whether there has been improvement toward equity in recent years.

METHODS:

A comprehensive search was performed for anesthesiology journals indexed in the Scimago Journal and Country Rank in May 2020. The editorial boards of the top 20 journals by impact factor were analyzed. Editorial board members were categorized based on their title. Gender was assigned using images or pronouns on research databases or hospital-affiliated websites. The percentage of women within each category was calculated. When available, the year the editors obtained their medical degree was collected. A binomial proportion test was used to analyze the distribution of women overall and among editorial roles, compared to the proportion of women anesthesiologists (26%). A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare time since medical degree between genders. Additionally, women representation in anesthesiology editorial boards in 2020 was compared to 2010.

RESULTS:

A total of 19 journals were included in this study, as 1 journal did not disclose editorial board membership. Overall, women occupied 18% of all editorial board positions. All editors-in-chief and assistant/associate/deputy editors-in-chief were men. Women consisted of 17.1% of executive/section/senior editors, 17.9% of editors, and 20.6% of associate/assistant editors. There were significantly fewer women editorial board members than the percentage of women anesthesiologists (18% vs 26%; P < .001). Editorial boards from 2010 were available for 14 journals, and of these journals, women comprised 12% of editorial board members in 2010 compared to 19% in 2020 (P = .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings suggest that in anesthesiology journals, women are underrepresented at all editorial levels, especially at higher levels. As editorial boards have a significant impact on which articles are published by a journal and thereby significant influence on the specialty as a whole, the lack of gender equity in editorial boards should be addressed.
The Struggle for Academic Freedom in an Age of Post-truth
Authors: Gambetti Zeynep
Published: January 2022

This essay situates the struggle for academic freedom and university autonomy at Boğaziçi University within the broader framework of post-truth. Post-truth is defined as a disinvestment from long-established norms regulating what counts as true, without introducing new criteria in their place. As such, it is a state of constant disorientation. The main argument is that post-truth has a material power basis: it is neither an intellectual problem nor one that can be solved by recourse to liberal rights. By briefly showing how neoliberalism, the New Right, and biopolitical governmentality connect and reinforce each other, the essay then asks what academic freedom can signify given the new game of power. The Boğaziçi resistance, it argues, shows how defending academic freedom cannot solely be an academic matter.
University Embodied
Authors: Gökarıksel Saygun
Published: January 2022

This essay explores the embodied forms of power and struggle that are manifest in the Boğaziçi University protests against the authoritarian offensive of the Turkish government. By focusing on the student and faculty protests, especially, the daily gowned performances, it suggests that Boğaziçi protests could be seen as part of the making of a counter or dissident body politic, which seeks to rethink and revitalize, at this conjuncture of neoliberal authoritarianism, the university as a critical social institution and as an arena of democratic struggle interconnected to other social struggles for equality and liberty in Turkey and beyond. Drawing on the collective history of struggles and different forms and scales of action, this making of the dissident body politic weaves together embodied public performances; mediatized communicative labor, including online forums, commissions, media commentaries, and productions; and formal institutional resistance and legal action. Altogether, Boğaziçi protests highlight, or, better, flesh out, the importance of university autonomy and democracy, reposing the question, What is a university? at this critical moment when public life and institutions have been violently targeted by the apparatuses of the state and capital.
Some Structural Elements for Understanding the Social Uprising in Colombia
Authors: Bernal Martha , Ortiz Ilich
Published: January 2022

This article seeks to understand the mass generalized discontent that occurred in Colombia in 2021 by situating it in light of the social and economic effects of the implementation of neoliberal and extractivist policies in recent decades. Those policies have generated inequality, violence, displacement, and dispossession of territories, all within the context of the political regime’s chronic inability to respond to social demands.
Unexpected Dissociation of Photoresponsive UV-ON DNA Carrying p-tert-Butyl Azobenzene under UV Light Irradiation
Authors: Ishii Satsuki , Murayama Keiji , Sada Kazuki , Asanuma Hiroyuki , Kakugo Akira
Published: January 2022

A hybridization behavior of Vis-OFF/UV-ON type photoresponsive DNA tethering p-tert-butyl azobenzene (pDNA) was investigated using fluorescence and absorbance measurement. We found that the partial dissociation of pDNA duplex into single strands occurred during UV irradiation, whereas incubation in dark after UV irradiation induced duplex formation. This feature is commonly considered to be important for an experimental design of photo-controllable system utilizing azobenzene.
Physiological, Perceptual, and Performance Responses to the 2-Week Block of High- versus Low-Intensity Endurance Training
Authors: NUUTTILA OLLI-PEKKA , NUMMELA ARI , KYRÖLÄINEN HEIKKI , LAUKKANEN JARI , HÄKKINEN KEIJO
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This study examined the physiological, perceptual, and performance responses to a 2-wk block of increased training load and compared whether responses differ between high-intensity interval (HIIT) and low-intensity training (LIT).

Methods

Thirty recreationally trained males and females performed a 2-wk block of 10 HIIT sessions (INT, n = 15) or 70% increased volume of LIT (VOL, n = 15). Running time in the 3000 m and basal serum and urine hormone concentrations were measured before (T1) and after the block (T2), and after a recovery week (T3). In addition, weekly averages of nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) and perceived recovery were compared with the baseline.

Results

Both groups improved their running time in the 3000 m from T1 to T2 (INT = −1.8% ± 1.6%, P = 0.003; VOL = −1.4% ± 1.7%, P = 0.017) and from T1 to T3 (INT = −2.5% ± 1.6%, P < 0.001; VOL = −2.2% ± 1.9%, P = 0.001). Resting norepinephrine concentration increased in INT from T1 to T2 (P = 0.01) and remained elevated at T3 (P = 0.018). The change in HRV from the baseline was different between the groups during the first week (INT = −1.0% ± 2.0% vs VOL = 1.8% ± 3.2%, P = 0.008). Muscle soreness increased only in INT (P < 0.001), and the change was different compared with VOL across the block and recovery weeks (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

HIIT and LIT blocks increased endurance performance in a short period. Although both protocols seemed to be tolerable for recreational athletes, a HIIT block may induce some negative responses such as increased muscle soreness and decreased parasympathetic activity.
Dataset of the adoption of digital tools for research sharing among academics in African Varsities during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020
Authors: Owan Valentine Joseph , Uzoamaka Duruamaku-Dim Jennifer , Nonyelum Odigwe Francisca , Owan Mercy Valentine
Published: January 2022

This dataset was collected from a total of 1,977 university lecturers across 24 African countries, that were purposively targeted due to their level of exposure to scholarly publications. The dataset was collected through an online survey that was sent to respondents through email, WhatsApp, and the Association of African Universities Telegram group. The questionnaire was designed by the researchers and validated by five experts for face and content validity. The demographic information of the data was analysed and the softcopy of the data uploaded to the Mendeley database for easy retrieval after deidentification (see Data Availability statement). The associated questionnaire can be found in the extended data. In Africa, this appears to be the broadest dataset associated with academics’ perception of utilizing digital platforms for research sharing. This implies that scholars can use this dataset to quantitatively analyse the extent to which different internet-based platforms are being utilized for research communication. Considering the current restrictions on in-person social gatherings due to COVID-19, researchers working on related studies may readily utilize this set of data, saving time and cost. A comprehensive but non-exhaustive number of 20 online platforms were assessed based on academics' awareness and current engagement with them, and the challenges they have faced using them. This offers a wide range of areas for studies to be anchored. Furthermore, researchers interested in specific online platforms can also evaluate the extent to which academic staff in African universities are aware of and willing to utilize them for research dissemination. This data will enable scholars and researchers in Africa and beyond to understand the extent to which academics in varsities are willing to adopt digital repositories for research sharing in the context of Africa.
Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field versus pulsed high intensity laser in the treatment of men with osteopenia or osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ebid Anwar , El-Shamy Shamekh , Thabet Ali , El-boshy Mohamed , Abedalla Mohamed , Ali Tariq
Published: January 2022

Background: Osteoporosis has been related to a negative impact on several aspects of patient health, including physical, mental, and emotional well-being. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) and pulsed Nd-YAG laser therapy (HILT) on men with osteopenia or osteoporosis.  

Methods: Ninety-five men with osteopenia or osteoporosis (mean age, 52 years; mean height, 176 cm; mean weight, 83 kg; mean body-mass index (BMI), 26.86 kg/m2) took part in the study, and they were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1 received PEMF and exercise program (PEMF +EX), Group 2 received HILT and exercise program (HILT+EX), and Group 3 received exercise program only (EX). PEMF was applied three times per week for 12 weeks using a full-body mat, while HILT was applied to the lower back and hip regions with a total dose of energy of 3000 J delivered in two treatment stages. Flexibility, aerobic exercise, strength, weight-bearing, and balance exercises are included in exercise program, which is followed by whole-body vibration training. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the total hip and lumbar spine, bone markers, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and fall risk are all outcome measures.

Results: There were no significant differences in the parameters between the groups at the baseline (P > 0.05). Patients in all groups, however, showed significant improvements in all measured parameters following treatment (P< 0.05), with Group 1 and Group 2 showing much greater improvements than Group 3.

Conclusion: After 12-weeks of treatment, PEMF combined with exercise is more effective than HILT combined with exercise or exercise alone in increasing BMD and promoting bone formation, suppressing bone-resorption markers, and improving quality of life and fall risk, with the effects lasting up to six months.

This study was registered in the ClinicalTrial.gov PRS (NCT05029440, 26/08/2021).
Simplifying Bias Correction for Selective Sampling: A Unified Distribution-Free Approach to Handling Endogenously Selected Samples
Authors: Qian Yi , Xie Hui
Published: January 2022

Exploiting informative endogenously selected samples while minimizing sample selection bias with minimum modeling assumptions and analytical burden.
PRE-SERVICE TEACHER EDUCATORS ASSESSMENT OF ADEQUACY OF GOOGLE CLASSROOM APPLICATION AS TEACHING TOOLS IN TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMME, NIGERIA
Authors: Muhinat Bello Bolanle
Published: January 2022

Despite the increasing number of technologies and levels of educational technology provided by teacher education programmes, valid and high-level integration of technology into learning and teaching processes is not still as expected, like theÂ  Google classroom for learning. The study purposively investigated the adequacy of Google classroom application as a teaching tool in the training of pre-service teachers by their educators. Three specific purposes and questions were raised. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Pre-service teacher educators of the Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin constituted the target population. A simple random sampling procedure was adopted in the selection of 107 out of 197 Pre-service educators. A -14 item five-point-Likert scale researchers designed a questionnaire with psychometric properties of content validity of 0.90 and a reliability index of 0.81 was used to elicit the needed data from the respondents. The statistics collected were analysed using percentage, mean ranking and standard deviation. Moreover, the findings among others revealed that Google classroom application is not adequate for training pre-service teachers. Thus, it was recommended that Google classroom application should not be adopted in the teaching of pre-service teachersâ€™ education programme since it was found not adequate
Natural Bioactive Compounds of Sponge-Associated Fungi with Three Marine Ecosystems in Karimunjawa Island, Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia, Zainuddin Muhammad , Pringgenies Delianis ,   Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia, Radjasa Ocky Karna ,   Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia,   Deputy for Earth Sciences, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia, - Haeruddin ,   Department Coastal Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Abstract Sponges are marine organisms that have associations with microorganisms. The association fungi in sponges have a chemical and ecological relationship. These bioactive compounds have potential in the pharmaceutical field. This research aimed to explore bioactive compounds of association fungi in sponges that live in coral, seaweed and mangrove ecosystems. The research consisted of isolation, purification, extraction, antibacterial testing, molecular identification, antioxidant testing and toxicity testing. The research was conducted on March to September 2020 in Karimunjawa Island. The results showed that the sponge association fungi isolates had antibacterial activity against the Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogens Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), Escherichia coli (Ec), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (Se), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) and the fungi Candida albicans (Ca). The identification results of the active association fungi were Circinelloides sp., Xylariaceae sp., Trichoderma asperellum, Aspergillus sp. and Pleosporales sp. . The extracts of these fungi had antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 1071,62; 643,35; 1020,32; 805,70 and 784,31 mg/L. Furthermore, they also had an LC50 value of 462,67; 355,47; 504,92; 482,15 and 435,88 mg/L. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Fungi, Sponge, Symbiosis
In Vitro Propagation of Manihot Esculenta Crantz ‘Pirun 2’
Authors:   Kasetsart University Laboratory School Center for Educational Research and Development, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen  Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand, Vichayanan Supakit , Phanmadee Nattapol ,   Kasetsart University Laboratory School Center for Educational Research and Development, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen  Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand, Khowean Puwarit ,   Kasetsart University Laboratory School Center for Educational Research and Development, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen  Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand, Lokkamlue Noppamart ,   Department of Genetics, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
Published: January 2022

Abstract In Thailand, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz ‘Pirun 2’) is an important economic crop. The tissue culture technique is used to produce true-to-type cassava plantlets on a large scale within a short period. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the optimum culture medium for cassava axillary bud in vitro propagation. Stem nodes were treated with a solution of 20% (v/v) commercial bleach (25% w/v NaOCl) for 10 minutes. Then, the sterilized buds were cultured on three different types of culture media: Murashige and Skoog (MS), Driver and Kuniyaki Walnut (DKW), and MS supplemented with NAA and BA. Various parameters were evaluated for their effects on plantlet development (height of shoot and numbers of leaves, roots, and shoots after 1 month). The results showed that the mean (± standard deviation) numbers of leaves (6.67 ± 0.82) and roots (2.50 ± 0.55) were significantly higher when they were cultured on MS medium. In addition, the highest number of shoots (3.67±0.82) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/l NAA+1 mg/l BA. The cut shoots of plantlets cultured on MS medium without hormones developed into mature plantlets after 1 month. Thus, the MS medium was the optimum for mature cassava Pirun 2 culture. This protocol would be useful for plantlet induction on MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA hormones to produce more shoots and for transfer to MS medium without rooting hormones. Moreover, in vitro derived plantlets were successfully acclimatized on a peat moss which gave the high percentage of transplanting survival (100%). Keywords: Axillary bud, Cassava, Stem node, Surface sterilization, Tissue culture
Analisis Tingkat Kepatuhan Masyarakat terhadap Protokol Kesehatan COVID-19 dengan Pendekatan Health Belief Model
Authors: Maisyaroh Arianti , Arifin Arifin , Nurhayatun Evi
Published: January 2022

Pendahuluan: Munculnya virus SARS CoV-2 yang memiliki daya penularan tinggi telah menyebabkan terjadinya pandemi COVID-19 di seluruh dunia. Akibat belum ditemukannya pengobatan definitif dan belum meratanya vaksin untuk seluruh penduduk, maka menerapkan protokol kesehatan sebagai upaya pencegahan sejauh ini merupakan langkah ideal untuk menekan angka kejadian COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan dalam menerapkan protokol kesehatan melalui pendekatan Health Belief Model (HBM).

Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain studi cross sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui survei kuesioner yang diberikan langsung kepada responden. Subjek penelitian ini adalah penduduk Kecamatan Banjarsari berjumlah 100 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2021. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi-square (α=0,05) dengan software SPSS versi 21.

Hasil: Pada uji chi-square, didapatkan hasil bahwa persepsi keparahan (p=0,012), persepsi hambatan (p=0,001), persepsi manfaat (p=0,031), dan isyarat untuk bertindak (p=0,003) berhubungan secara statistik terhadap kepatuhan protokol kesehatan. Sementara persepsi kerentanan (p=0,164) dan efikasi diri (p=0,120) tidak berhubungan secara statistik terhadap kepatuhan protokol kesehatan.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara persepsi keparahan, persepsi hambatan, persepsi manfaat, dan isyarat untuk bertindak terhadap kepatuhan protokol kesehatan.

Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Health Belief Model, Kepatuhan, Protokol Kesehatan.
The influence of political ideology on stereotypes, meta-stereotypes and causal attributions of homelessness in Spain
Authors: Vázquez José Juan , Panadero Sonia
Published: January 2022

This article examines the influence of political ideology on meta-stereotypes and stereotypes of homeless people, on the causal attributions of homelessness, and on willingness to increase public funds allocated to homeless people among the members of three groups in Madrid (Spain): a) homeless group; b) domiciled service-users group; and c) domiciled non service-users group. Results show differences in the influence of political ideology based on having had direct experience of homelessness. Left-wing interviewees showed a greater willingness to increase funds allocated to homeless people, attributed homelessness to societal causes to a greater extent, and showed greater agreement with indulgent stereotypes.
Not that niche: making room for the study of LGBTIQ people in political science
Authors: Ayoub Phillip M.
Published: January 2022

Despite both unparalleled progress on and persistent backlash to LGBTI rights in world politics, LGBTIQ people are rarely centred in our work as political scientists. This article charts the status of LGBTIQ scholarship in political science, advocating the creation of new spaces for such scholarship in the field, including in the pages of journals like the European Journal of Politics and Gender. Drawing on recent studies of the profession and on the reflections of leading LGBTIQ thinkers on navigating their presence in the subfield, I argue that LGBTIQ scholars and their scholarship still face individual-level and structural discrimination in political science. This encompasses active and passive homophobia and transphobia in teaching, getting hired and promoted, gaining access to research funding, and the publication process.
A different Women, Peace and Security is possible? Intersectionality in Women, Peace and Security resolutions and national action plans
Authors: Smith Sarah , Stavrevska Elena B.
Published: January 2022

This article examines the incorporation of intersectional perspectives – using intersectionality as theory and method – into the Women, Peace and Security agenda. We conduct a content analysis of the ten Women, Peace and Security resolutions and 98 current Women, Peace and Security national action plans. The analysis shows that intersectionality has been integrated into the Women, Peace and Security agenda to only a limited extent, despite more recent trends towards referencing the term in policy documents. Even where intersectionality or intersectional concerns are referenced, these tend to reinforce hegemonic categorisations based on sex difference. We therefore argue that policy and practice ought to incorporate intersectionality in its view of both power and identities, as well as in its organising frameworks, and thereby take into consideration how intersecting systems of power affect lived experiences for groups and individuals, their access to justice, and their ability to exercise agency.
The origins of gender-targeted public finance measures: the case of New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Everitt Joanna , Albaugh Quinn M.
Published: January 2022

In recent years, there has been growing interest in policies that offer financial incentives to political parties to nominate women. Under what circumstances do political parties agree to adopt financial incentives for women’s representation? In this article, we conduct a feminist historical institutionalist case study of the adoption of gender-targeted public finance in the Canadian province of New Brunswick in 2017. We draw on a combination of: direct personal experience advocating for financial incentives for women candidates; interviews with party insiders, policymakers and actors within feminist organisations; and documentary evidence. The results have implications for understanding the potential for success of efforts to adopt financial incentives in other jurisdictions.
Building feminist peace: gender, legal reforms and social reproduction after the United Nations Mission in Liberia
Authors: Martin de Almagro Maria
Published: January 2022

This article explores efforts to attain feminist peace in Liberia by critically examining the implementation of gender-sensitive provisions in two national reforms that seek to transform the country after war: the Land Rights Act 2018 and the Local Government Act 2018. Drawing from extensive fieldwork, it argues that these reforms are sites of struggle between the goal of national transformation towards feminist peace and the reproduction of existing socio-political cleavages, with a particular focus on (certain) women’s political, socio-economic and gender oppression. The article also demonstrates how despite implementation failures and lack of consultation, these legal reforms open new (in)formal spaces for building feminist peace. Attending to the ways in which women resist and mobilise in these newly (in)formal spaces, the article brings to light the peace work these women are doing for transforming post-war gender regimes that prevent women’s representation and a more equitable redistribution of power and resources.
Enhancement of terahertz radiation from a filament by using circularly polarized two-color laser fields
Authors: Tu Yan-Yun , Meng Chao , Sun Xu , Wu Hai-Zhong , Song Pan , Meng Cong-Sen , Wang Xiao-Wei , Zhou Zhao-Yan , Lyu Zhi-Hui , Zhang Dong-Wen , Zhao Zeng-Xiu , Yuan Jian-Min
Published: January 2022

We investigate the terahertz radiation from a filament in two-color laser fields with various polarizations. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the efficiency of terahertz emission in co-rotating two-color circularly polarized laser fields is eight times as strong as that in linearly polarized two-color laser fields with parallel polarization. This enhancement is explained based on the polarization-dependent clamping intensity inside a filament and the dynamics of electrons ionizing from a single atom or molecule. Our finding provides a simple method to improve the THz intensity from an air filament in two-color fields.
Monolithic elliptical dome Fabry–Perot microcavities exhibiting large birefringence
Authors: Hornig G. J. , Bu L. , Al-Sumaidae S. , DeCorby R. G.
Published: January 2022

We report on the experimental and theoretical characterization of elliptically shaped Fabry–Perot microcavities fabricated through a controlled thin-film buckling process. Due to the highly astigmatic nature of the buckled mirrors, the cavity modes are well described as elliptical Hermite–Gaussian beams. In addition to lifting the typical degeneracy of higher-order transverse spatial modes, the cavities exhibit large polarization-mode splitting greater than 25 GHz in the 1550 nm wavelength range. This large, controllable, and highly predictable birefringence makes these cavities of interest for emerging applications in cavity quantum optics that rely on non-degenerate polarization modes.
Depixelation and image restoration with meta-learning in fiber-bundle-based endomicroscopy
Authors: Yao Bowen , Huang Boyi , Li Xiang , Qi Jinpeng , Li Yuan , Shao Yonghong , Qu Junle , Gu YueQing , Li Jia
Published: January 2022

In order to efficiently remove honeycomb artifacts and restore images in fiber-bundle-based endomicroscopy, we develop a meta-learning algorithm in this work. Two sub-networks are used to extract different levels of features. Meta-training is employed to train the network with small amount of simulated training data, enabling the optimal model to generalize to new tasks not seen in the training set. Numerical results on both USAF target and endomicroscopy images of living mice tissues demonstrate that the algorithm can restore high contrast image without pixilated noise using shorter time. Additionally, no prior information on the shape of the underlying tissues and the distribution of fiber bundles is required, making the method applicable to a variety of fiber-bundle-based endomicroscopy imaging conditions.
Nonlinear microscopy of lead iodide nanosheets
Authors: Yan Jingshi , Ou Qingdong , Vincenti Maria Antonietta , De Angelis Costantino , Bao Qiaoliang , Neshev Dragomir N.
Published: January 2022

Lead iodide (PbI2) is a van der Waals layered semiconductor with a direct bandgap in its bulk form and a hexagonal layered crystalline structure. The recently developed PbI2 nanosheets have shown great promise for high-performance optoelectronic devices, including nanolasers and photodetectors. However, despite being widely used as a precursor for perovskite materials, the optical properties of PbI2 nanomaterials remain largely unexplored. Here, we determine the nonlinear optical properties of PbI2 nanosheets by utilising nonlinear microscopy as a non-invasive optical technique. We demonstrate the nonlinearity enhancement dependent on excitonic resonances, crystalline orientation, thickness, and influence of the substrate. Our results allow for estimating the second- and third-order nonlinear susceptibilities of the nanosheets, opening new opportunities for the use of PbI2 nanosheets as nonlinear and quantum light sources.
Terahertz emission from curved plasma filaments induced by two-color 2D Airy wave packets
Authors: Koulouklidis Anastasios D. , Mansour Dimitris , Fedorov Vladimir Yu. , Papazoglou Dimitris G. , Tzortzakis Stelios
Published: January 2022

We experimentally demonstrate that 2D Airy wave packets can produce intense curved two-color filaments that emit terahertz (THz) radiation with unique characteristics. Due to the curvature of the plasma channel, THz waves, emitted from different longitudinal regions of the plasma, propagate in different directions resulting in non-concentric THz cones in the far-field. These cones have different cone angles and polarization which we attribute to the way the two-color 2D Airy driving fields are produced in the nonlinear crystal and then propagate to form the curved plasma filament.