bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الأوقاف الإسلامية: الحاجة لميثاق جديد
Authors: منذر قحف منذر قحف
Published: February 2020

. تقدم هذه المساهمة لبنةً جديدةً في اقتراح بناءِ ميثاقٍ جديدٍ للأوقاف الإسلامية، وذلك بالنظر للدور الكبيـر الذي يقوم به الوقف في الحياة العامة للمسلمين. وتكمن أهمية هذا الميثاق في قوته وصرامته؛ بل يُعد في بعض جوانبه فوق قوة القانون وإلزاميته حتى لا يتمكن منفذو القانون من التهرب منه والالتفاف عليه. فكما تحمي الدساتير الحرية الفردية والملكية الخاصة نحتاج إلى ميثاق ذي قوة دستوريةٍ يحمي الأوقاف ويلتزم بشروط الواقف، وذلك راجعٌ إلى أن الوقف قد انبثق من الملكية الخاصة، والإرادة الحرة للأفراد.
О зависимости сложности и глубины обратимых схем, состоящих из функциональных элементов NOT, CNOT и 2-CNOT, от числа дополнительных входов
Authors: Zakablukov Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: February 2020

Рассматриваются сложность и глубина обратимых схем, состоящих из функциональных элементов NOT, CNOT и 2-CNOT при ограничениях на количество используемых дополнительных входов. Изучаются функции Шеннонa сложности $L(n, q)$ и глубины $D(n,q)$ обратимой схемы, реализующей отображение $f\colon \mathbb Z_2^n \to \mathbb Z_2^n$, при условии, что число дополнительных входов $q$ находится в диапазоне $8n < q \lesssim n2^{n-\lceil n \mathop / \phi(n)\rceil}$, где $\phi(n) \to \infty$ и $n \mathop / \phi(n) - \log_2 n \to \infty$ при $n \to \infty$. Доказываются верхние оценки $L(n,q) \lesssim 2^n + 8n2^n \mathop / (\log_2 (q-4n) - \log_2 n - 2)$ и $D(n,q) \lesssim 2^{n+1}(2,5 + \log_2 n - \log_2 (\log_2 (q - 4n) - \log_2 n - 2))$ для указанного диапазона значений $q$. Устанавливается порядок роста $L(n,q) \asymp n2^n \mathop / \log_2 q$ для таких значений $q$, что $n^2 \lesssim q \lesssim n2^{n-\lceil n \mathop / \phi(n)\rceil}$, где $\phi(n) \to \infty$ и $n \mathop / \phi(n) - \log_2 n \to \infty$ при $n \to \infty$.
Универсальные функции для классов линейных функций двух переменных
Authors: Voronenko Andrei Anatol'evich , Okuneva Anna Sergeevna
Published: February 2020

Рассматривается задача о построении универсальной функции для классов сумм двух переменных по модулю 2. Соответствующие функции построены с оптимальной по порядку мощностью области определения $O(\log n)$.
Большие уклонения ветвящегося процесса в случайной среде. II
Authors: Shklyaev Alexander Viktorovich
Published: February 2020

Рассматриваются вероятности больших уклонений ветвящегося процесса $Z_n$ в случайной среде, представляющей собой независимые одинаково распределенные величины. Предполагается, что сопровождающее случайное блуждание $S_n=\xi_1+\dotsb+\xi_n$ имеет конечное среднее $\mu$ и удовлетворяет условию Крамера ${\mathbf E}e^{h\xi_i}<\infty$, $0<h<h^+$. При дополнительных моментных ограничениях на $Z_1$ найдена точная асимптотика вероятностей ${\mathbf P}(\ln Z_n \in [x,x+\Delta_n))$ при значениях $x/n$, изменяющихся в зависящем от типа процесса диапазоне, и всех достаточно медленно стремящихся к нулю при $n\to\infty$ последовательностей $\Delta_n$. Аналогичная теорема доказывается для случайного процесса в случайной среде с иммиграцией.
Does contralateral carotid artery occlusion affect the clinical and long-term outcomes of carotid artery stenting?
Authors: Can Yusuf , Kocayigit Ibrahim
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been used with increasing frequency in recent years as an alternative to surgery. Contralateral carotid occlusion (CCO) is present in approximately 2.3% to 25% of cases of revascularised carotid atherosclerotic stenosis. We aimed to compare the outcomes of 30-day, 6-month and 1-year stroke, transient ischaemic attack (TIA), death and myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with and without CCO who underwent CAS in our clinic.

Material and methods

The study was conducted with 288 consecutive patients who underwent CAS between September 2010 and June 2018. Patients with carotid stenting were divided into two groups: with (48 patients) and without CCO (240 patients).

Results

Total mortality (2.08% vs. 2.08% p = 1), stroke (2.08% vs. 0.83%, p = 0.43), TIA (0% vs. 0.83%, p = 0.52), MI (0% vs. 0%), and composite outcome (4.17% vs. 3.33%, p = 0.77) at 30 days were not significantly different between CCO and non-CCO groups. Also there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the 6-month and 1-year outcomes (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

There was no difference between 30-day, 6-month and 1-year non-fatal MI, TIA, ischaemic stroke and mortality in the comparison of patients with and without CCO who underwent CAS. The outcomes were similar in terms of age and symptoms, and these data should be supported by prospective multicenter studies.
Fundamentals of long-term training systems in mind sports
Authors: Dolbysheva Nina
Published: February 2020

On the basis of an analytical review of scientific and methodological literature, generalization of documentary materials, and a systematic approach, the general and particular laws of the system and the ‘subsystem’ of sports training in mind sports are revealed. Given the specificity of the competition and the training process in athletes of mind sports, associated

with abstract-gaming activities and lack of physical activity, the entire training system is considered from general pedagogical positions as a process of applied-specialized training and education. the basis of the training system in mind sports is competences (cognitive, creative, communicative, social), formed through the implementation of didactic, specific principles

of sports training and specific principles of organizing educational and cognitive activity and the ‘subsystem’ of sports training, within the framework of competitions and sports training. the specific principles of educational and cognitive activity include the strength of learning, emotional and problematic learning, the connection of theory with practice, validity, cyclical development, modelling, computerization, and self-management, competitive activity in the context of specific features in the organization of full-time and distance competitions, the system of conducting and determining sports result. Sports training is aimed at the development of sports form through intellectual, specially practical, psychological, and physical training, which acts as an additional one. the whole ‘system’ and its ‘subsystem’ are associated with the stages of long-term preparation and systemic factors that affect the entire system.
Isokinetic muscle power of the knee extensor and flexor muscles among differently trained people in relation to gender
Authors: Toskić Lazar , Dopsaj Milivoj , Toskić Dragan , Marković Milan
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Isokinetic muscle characteristics are important factors in numerous fields of expertise and scientific study. Information about the differences in isokinetic muscle power among individuals at various levels of training advancement has a significant impact on the development of sports training technology, the athlete selection process, and physical therapy and rehabilitation. The aim was to study the differences in knee muscles isokinetic power between differently trained men and women.

Methods

The sample of participants consisted of 159 individuals (84 men and 75 women), divided into 5 groups: the physically inactive (30), the physically active (32), strength and power athletes (33), endurance athletes (32), team sports athletes (32). The absolute and relative average knee flexor and extensor isokinetic muscle power was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer in concentric mode at speeds of 60 and 180°/s. To determine the differences between groups, the multivariate (MANOVA) and univariate (ANOVA) analysis of variance were used.

Results

There were significant differences in the relative isokinetic muscle power between differently trained men (F = 1.513, p = 0.043) and in the absolute and relative isokinetic power between differently trained women (F = 1.504, p = 0.047; F = 1.927, p = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions

The obtained results indicate that physical activities which are characteristic of strength and power sports to a great extent contribute to the development of isokinetic muscle power and that isokinetic muscle power is a sensitive discriminant factor to determine the differences between men and women at various levels of training advancement.
Patients’ satisfaction with and awareness of electrical stimulation therapy
Authors: Kocamaz Deniz , Yakut Hatice , Özberk Sema
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The study purpose was to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation therapy (EST) and to examine whether the patients’ awareness of and satisfaction with EST changed with gender, education level, information on treatment, and number of sessions.

Methods

The Electrotherapy Questionnaire, prepared by the researchers, consisting of 20 closed-ended questions, was applied to the participants. A total of 531 volunteers who had completed the physiotherapy program and received EST treatment were included in the study. Pearson’s correlations were used to assess the associations between satisfaction and awareness and gender, education level, number of treatment sessions, and information on treatment.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 45.4 ± 5.1 years. Overall, 57% of the participants stated that they did not know the purpose of EST; 77% were satisfied with EST; 47.5% maintained that the transmission gel used during EST applications had a healing effect. A significant positive correlation was found only between increasing physiotherapists’ explanations and patients’ satisfaction (r = 0.166, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients’ expectation bound with the treatment and their desire to be informed were found to be high. The proportion of those who benefited from EST turned out high. It was shown that patients’ awareness of EST and their perceived wellness were improved by informing the patients about the purpose of the treatment.
Decreased cardiorespiratory fitness and slow gait speed in Thai patients after open cardiac surgery: a preliminary prospective observational study
Authors: Yuenyongchaiwat Kornanong , Buranapuntalug Sasipa , Pongpanit Karan , Kulchanarat Chitima
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The study purpose was to investigate the pulmonary function test, respiratory muscle (RM) strength, functional capacity, and gait speed in Thai patients submitted to open heart surgery.

Methods

A prospective observational cohort study was designed with 48 patients who underwent open heart surgery, aged 35–70 years, both males and females. The average duration of follow-up after cardiac surgery was 16.15 ± 4.97 days. Spirometry, RM strength, 6-minute walk test, and 5-meter walk test were performed. ANOVAs were used to compare whether these parameters significantly changed in the preoperative, prior to discharge, and follow-up periods.

Results

Overall, 26 female and 22 male patients participated in the initial and follow-up study; the average age was 55.46 ± 10.35 years. There was a significant decrease in lung function (%predicted forced vital capacity [FVC] and %predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]), RM strength (maximal inspiratory pressure [MIP] and maximal expiratory pressure [MEP]), functional capacity, and gait speed compared with preoperative values. Before discharge from hospital, the mean %predicted FVC was dramatically decreased to –22.87 ± 14.93 and %predicted FEV1 was –22.10 ± 15.59 compared with the preoperative period (p < 0.05). Furthermore, mean MIP dropped to –24.75 ± 17.08 cm H2O and MEP to –20.96 ± 15.79 cm H2O. These values did not fully recover after discharge from hospital (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Decreased lung function, RM, functional capacity, and gait speed were observed during hospitalization and follow-up time.
Monitoring aseismic creep trends in the İsmetpaşa and Destek segments throughout the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) with a large-scale GPS network
Authors: Yavaşoğlu Hasan Hakan , Alkan Mehmet Nurullah , Bilgi Serdar , Alkan Öykü
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) is an intersection area between the Anatolian
and Eurasian plates. The Arabian Plate, which squeezes the Anatolian Plate from
the south between the Eurasian Plate and itself, is also responsible for this
formation. This tectonic motion causes the Anatolian Plate to move westwards
with almost a 20 mm yr−1 velocity, which has caused destructive earthquakes
in history. Block boundaries that form the faults are generally locked
to the bottom of the seismogenic layer because of the friction between blocks
and are responsible for these discharges. However, there are also some unique
events observed around the world, which may cause partially or fully free-slipping faults. This phenomenon is called “aseismic creep” and may occur
through the entire seismogenic zone or at least to some depths.
Additionally, it is a rare event in the world located in two reported
segments along the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which are İsmetpaşa and
Destek. In this study, we established GPS networks covering those segments and made
three campaigns between 2014 and 2016. Considering the long-term geodetic
movements of the blocks (Anatolian and Eurasian plates), surface velocities
and fault parameters are calculated. The results of the model indicate that
aseismic creep still continues with rates of 13.2±3.3 mm yr−1 at
İsmetpaşa and 9.6±3.1 mm yr−1 at Destek. Additionally, aseismic creep
behavior is limited to some depths and decays linearly to the bottom of the
seismogenic layer at both segments. This study suggests that this aseismic
creep behavior will not prevent medium- to large-scale earthquakes in the long term.
Quality of Broilers Fed Diets Containing Dry Distillery Grains
Authors: Valentim Jean Kaique , D'Ávila Lima Heder José , Bittencourt Tatiana Marques , Del Solar Velarde Jonatan Mikhail , Da Silva Luciana Kimie Savay , Matos e Silva Nayara Emanoelle , Procópio Diego Pierrotti , Burbarelli Maria Fernanda De Castro , Garcia Rodrigo Garófallo , Mendes Janaína Palermo
Published: February 2020

The present study aimed to evaluate carcass, cut yields and gastrointestinal tract biometry, the meat quality and body lesions of broiler chicken fed with four levels of corn distillers dried grain with soluble in experimental diets. A total of 700 day-old mixed flock Cobb 500 broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments, seven replicates by treatment with 20 birds each. The experimental diets were controlled with crescent inclusion levels of DDGS (4, 8, 12 and 16 %). At 35 days of age 2 broilers from each lot was selected, weighted and identified with medium weight from the experimental unit for slaughtering and evaluation of cuts yield, carcass and gastrointestinal biometry. To evaluate hock lesions and broiler meat quality. Quadratic effect was observed in reference to the weight of the carcass and chest can be included the levels up to 11.29 percent and 6.16 percent respectively. For the other variables of income of casting, edible organs and not edible and there was no significant effect on gastrointestinal biometrics, only for the total size of the gastrointestinal tract there was quadratic effect being the level of 4.25% indicated for increased size of the organs. For all welfare and meat quality variables evaluated, there was no difference between the DDGS levels used in broiler diets and control diet. These findings means that the addition of up to 16 % DDGS in diets can be an alternative to feed chicken without inducing body lesions neither altering broiler meat quality.
Quality and Drying Kinetics of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Seed Flour After Drying Process
Authors: De Souza Francisco Marto , Pereira Emmanuel Moreira , Nóbrega Jackson Silva , Da Silva Rosilene Agra , Santos Adriana Da Silva , Lima Ellen Caroline Santos , Pinsetta Junior José Sidnaldo , De Miranda Vanessa Karla Santos , Araújo Alfredina Dos Santos
Published: February 2020

The moringa presents great nutritional value thanks to its bioactive compounds, providing many benefits to human health. Therefore, this plant has been studied with the aim of being used as a food fortifier. The objective of this work was to describe the technological process in the production of moringa seed flour at different temperatures through numerical and analytical solutions and assess its final chemical quality. Moringa pods were obtained in experimental area and were treated by removing their seeds. A drying process was performed at different temperatures (40, 50, 60 °C) with progressive weighing on a semi-analytical scale until constant weight which was obtained after 2 hours of drying. The flour was obtained with the use of a knife mill. Empirical models of Lewis, Herdenson and Pabis, Peleg and Page were used to describe the dehydration curve of moringa seeds. Protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and moisture contents were determined in the flours obtained at different temperatures. We verified that best fit model was Page’s, representing the best coefficients of determination and chi-squares. The Peleg model showed incoherent behavior, indicating that it is not ideal for simulating the drying process of moringa seeds at the studied temperatures. The temperature influenced the quality of the flour. The flour obtained at a temperature of 40 °C showed the best percentages of protein, ash, moisture and carbohydrates. For the lipid content, the best flour results was obtained at temperatures of 50 and 60 °C.
Dunbar syndrome as a cause of chronic abdominal pain in a 24-year-old female
Authors: Koenig Zachary A , Yednock Joel
Published: February 2020

External compression of the celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament is referred to as Dunbar syndrome, which is an eponym for celiac axis syndrome or median arcuate ligament syndrome. It is correlated with the archetypal triad of postprandial abdominal pain, weight loss of greater than 20 pounds, and an abdominal bruit on auscultation. This is often accompanied by epigastric tenderness, vomiting, and nausea. Given its lack of symptomatic specificity, Dunbar syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion for unexplained episodic abdominal discomfort. Here, we present a unique case of a 24-year-old woman who experienced several months of chronic abdominal distress and an extensive workup prior to being diagnosed with Dunbar syndrome. The diagnosis was made via cross-sectional abdominal imaging and duplex ultrasound with respiratory maneuvers, which showed downward displacement of the celiac trunk, post-stenotic dilatation, and increased flow velocity on expiration. She underwent successful laparoscopic division of the median arcuate ligament which greatly alleviated her pain.
Self-assessed anaesthesia nursing competence and related factors
Authors: Jeon Yunsuk , Meretoja Riitta , Vahlberg Tero , Leino-Kilpi Helena
Published: February 2020

Objective: Assessing the level of competence of nurses in anaesthesia care is important not only in ensuring the quality of anaesthesia care, but also in developing a competence-based nursing education programme. This study aimed to assess Finnish nurses’ competence in anaesthesia nursing and to describe factors associated with it. This study will provide knowledge to support a competence-based education approach to anaesthesia nursing.Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used. A self-assessment (Anaesthesia Nursing Competence Scale) was developed for this study. The scale (39 items, 7 domains) used a Visual Analogue Scale (0 = not competent at all, 100 = excellent). Data were collected from registered nurses (n = 222) in anaesthesia departments at university hospitals in Finland (May-October 2017).Results: The overall level of anaesthesia nursing competence was self-assessed as good (Mean 88, SD 9.0). Of the seven competence domains, collaboration within patient care was assessed as being the highest and knowledge of anaesthesia patient care the lowest. Longer work experience and completion of specialised anaesthesia nursing education were factors positively associated with anaesthesia nursing competence.Conclusions: This study suggests that the general nursing education of nurses should provide more opportunities to improve nurses’ competence in the theoretical knowledge of anaesthesia. A specialised programme of anaesthesia nursing education at a master’s level might be one suggestion to meet the challenges in anaesthesia nursing in Finland. Further studies with different data collection methods such as observation, a knowledge test, or patient interviews would provide a more extensive picture of anaesthesia nursing competence.
Education Expenditure-Led Growth: Evidence from Nigeria (1980-2018)
Authors: Lawanson Olukemi I. , Umar Dominic I.
Published: February 2020

This study examines the belief that education fosters economic growth by analyzing the impact of Government education expenditures at different levels on economic growth using Nigerian data for the period 1980-2018. Time series econometrics tests like Unit Root, cointegration, Error Correction Model and Granger Causality were employed to test the hypothesis of education expenditure-led growth strategy. The outcomes of the studies showed that that there is cointegration between total government education expenditures, primary, secondary and tertiary education expenditure and economic growth. The outcomes of the study also revealed that all levels of education expenditure contribute to economic growth positively (tertiary education exerting more positive impact) and are statistically significant (except primary education expenditure that is not significant) at 5%level. The study equally revealed bi-directional causality between t all levels public expenditure on education and economic growth. The study therefore, recommends improved funding for education at all levels given their interconnections. It also recommends that funding of primary education should by supported Federal Government as weak primary school funding will impact on quality of pupils that graduate to secondary school. Again policies aimed at diversifying and broadening the Nigerian economy be rekindled as economic growth have the potential of increasing education spending.
The Price Elasticity of Demand of Australian Urban Residential Consumers and Water Restrictions
Authors: Abbott Malcolm , Tran My
Published: February 2020

The aim of this article is to provide derived estimates of the price elasticity of demand for water for residential urban consumers in Australia over the years 2005/06 to 2016/17. The results of the study indicate that higher water and sewerage prices, bundled together, are associated with lower demand for water. The relationship, therefore, between the prices of water and sewerage and demand for water is a negative one.  This relationship, however, is a relatively inelastic one, that is a large change in price is required before there is much of a change in demand for water.  With the supply of water in most Australian urban centers are controlled by monopoly suppliers this means that there is some scope for water restrictions to negate this market power.
Purple Drank, Sizurp, and Lean: Hip-Hop Music and Codeine Use, A Call to Action for Public Health Educators
Authors: Tettey Naa-Solo , Siddiqui Khizar , Llamoca Hasmin , Nagamine Steven , Ahn Soomin
Published: February 2020

The opioid epidemic continues to create various public health challenges in the United States. Non-medical use of opioids is increasing at alarming rates and has been glamorized through popular media including television, movies, and music. One particular area of concern is the promotion in hip-hop music of the use of codeine mixed with promethazine, also known as “lean.” In recent years, this drug combination has proven to be lethal with many hip-hop artists dying from overdoses involving lean while others have suffered from adverse health consequences such as seizures. Because the hip-hop music audience is primarily comprised of youth who often represent vulnerable and social disadvantaged populations, it is imperative to develop interventions that counteract the negative influence of such songs. The purpose of this study is to review the lyrics of popular hip-hop songs that mention lean and determine common themes within these songs that can be used to guide future interventions. To identify these themes, the lyrics of 40 hip-hop songs were evaluated by four independent coders. 8 themes emerged and the frequency in which these themes appeared in the song lyrics was calculated. These themes are the use of lean with another drug (37.5%), the general mention of lean without a connection to a behavior, activity, emotion, or another substance (27.5%), the use of lean during sexual activity (15%), the use of lean with soda (12.5%), the use of lean to help with sleep (5%), the use of lean as an alternative to alcohol (5%), the use of lean while driving (5%), and the use of lean for mental distress (5%). These results demonstrate that there are various aspects of lean use that require further investigation. Furthermore, these results serve as a call to action for public health practitioners to create culturally tailored interventions to address this issue.
Det fleirkulturelle perspektivet i grunnskolelærarutdanningane
Authors: Duesund Knut , Aamaas Åsmund
Published: February 2020

The article focuses on multicultural education in the Norwegian teacher education programs. We ask to what extent the student teachers experience achieving relevant competence. The findings indicate that the student teachers are relatively satisfied with the competence and skills they achieve. However, they ask for more specific knowledge about the pupils’ religious and cultural background. Knowledge about these factors could, according to the student teachers, be given through a compulsory element in the curriculum focusing on religion and culture. The findings seem to be in accordance with other researches which show that multicultural competence requires that the teachers have knowledge about the cultural background of the different minority groups. On the other hand, it seems like the students are not to any great extent aware that minority students tend to be overrepresented in special education and compensatory actions in schools. This finding indicates that there is a need for putting more emphasis on critical thinking with regards to multiculturalism in the teacher education programs in Norway, and an analytical approach in this context.Keywords: teacher education, multicultural education, critical multiculturalism, religion, culture, BanksNøkkelord: lærerutdanning, flerkulturell utdanning, kritisk multikulturalisme, religion, kultur, Banks
Norsk kristen folkehøgskole som verdiformidler Tre prosjekt med fokus på folkehøgskolenes verdigrunnlag
Authors: Lövgren Johan
Published: February 2020

De enkelte folkehøgskolenes verdigrunnlag er en sentral og bærende del av skolenes identitet. En folkehøgskole er ut fra folkehøgskoleloven per definisjon en verdiformidler. Artikkelen presentere tre aktuelle prosjekt med fokus på de kristne folkehøgskolenes identitet og reflekterer over betydningen av slik forskning.
A Study on the Input Modality of L2 Literary Adaptations and Cross-Cultural Sensitivity
Authors: Saeedi Zari , Fatalaki Javad Ahmadi , Amini Ehsan
Published: February 2020

Every interaction at the supranational level is, to a greater extent, contingent upon the
individuals’ mutual understanding. In this sense, the knowledge of the target culture’s
norms in interpersonal relationships is of utmost significance. Although scholars in applied linguistics and trans-disciplinary social studies admit the culture’s outstanding roles in multicultural communities, there is no extensive consensus, to date, over the integration of culture into the language instruction due to its multidimensional aspects. The current study investigated the role of the media density in the enhancement of the intercultural sensitivity. To this end, 41 male and female EFL students with the age range of 18-45 at the intermediate level of proficiency at Shoukoh and Safir language institutes were selected through the one-stage cluster sampling technique to fulfill the aim of the present study. During 16 instructional sessions over eight weeks, the students in three groups confronted three different tasks and input-modalities i.e., Audio-only listening, Text-based reading, and Audio-visual mediated instruction. The participants were primarily asked to complete the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (Chen & Starosta, 2000) in the beginning phase of the study. After receiving the appropriate input, they were again asked to complete the same Scale. The statistical analysis through one-way ANOVA indicated that the integration of the audio-only input into the visual-support leads into the betterment of the EFL learners’ cultural sensitivity. This change in the mean score of the three groups of the study, however, was not in the margin of significance.
Placentas From Women of Advanced Maternal Age
Authors: Torous Vanda F. , Roberts Drucilla J.
Published: February 2020

Context.—

The percentage of pregnant women with advanced maternal age (AMA) has increased during the past several decades due to various socioeconomic factors and advances in assisted reproduction. These pregnancies are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the underlying placental pathology has not been well described.

Objective.—

To investigate the placental histopathology associated with AMA pregnancies.

Design.—

Placental pathology from 168 AMA women 35 years or older at delivery was reviewed. The cases were subdivided into 2 age subgroups, ages 35 to 39 and 40 or older, as well as a “pure AMA” subgroup where the only indication for placental examination was AMA. A group of 60 consecutive non-AMA placentas was also identified and used as comparison. The spectrum of histologic features in each case was catalogued.

Results.—

Of the overall AMA cases, meconium deposition was seen in 55% (93 of 168), chorangiosis in 40% (68 of 168), and acute chorioamnionitis in 36% (60 of 168). Fetal vascular malperfusion was also seen with high frequency (30%; 50 of 168). Two histologic alterations found to be significantly different between the 35 to 39 and greater than 40 age subgroups were fetal vascular malperfusion (11% [7 of 65] versus 42% [43 of 103]; P = .001) and delayed villous maturation (1.5% [1 of 65] versus 13% [13 of 103]; P = .02). The pure AMA subgroup showed no statistically significant differences compared with the overall AMA group. Chronic deciduitis was the only statistically significant difference between the overall AMA group and the non-AMA comparison group (14% [23 of 168] versus 30% [18 of 60]; P = .02).

Conclusions.—

Our findings, particularly the high frequency of fetal vascular malperfusion, suggest that AMA should be an independent indication for placental pathologic examination.
Updates in Staging and Reporting of Genitourinary Malignancies
Authors: Cornejo Kristine M. , Rice-Stitt Travis , Wu Chin-Lee
Published: February 2020

Context.—

The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual changed the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification systems of genitourinary malignancies in 2017. However, some of the changes appear not well appreciated or recognized by practicing pathologists.

Objective.—

To review the major changes compared with the 7th edition in cancers of the prostate, penis, testis, bladder, urethra, renal pelvis/ureter, and kidney and discuss the challenges that pathologists may encounter.

Data Sources.—

Peer-reviewed publications and the 8th and 7th editions of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual.

Conclusions.—

This article summarizes the updated staging of genitourinary malignancies, specifically highlighting changes from the 7th edition that are relevant to the pathologic staging system. Pathologists should be aware of the updates made in hopes of providing clarification and the remaining diagnostic challenges associated with these changes.
Frontiers in Genitourinary Pathology
Authors: Huang Jiaoti , Zhang Lanjing
Published: February 2020

This special section includes 4 articles as the proceedings of the Fifth Princeton Integrated Pathology Symposium (PIPS): Genitourinary Pathology, and an update on neuroendocrine tumor of the prostate. The symposium took place at the Princeton Medical Center, Plainsboro, New Jersey, on Sunday April 15, 2018. We hope again that this collection of outstanding reviews will serve as a handy reference for your daily practice.
Comparison of Harmonic scalpel and monopolar cautery for capsulectomy at the second stage of expander/implant breast reconstruction
Authors: Kim Ki Jae , Chung Jae Ho , Lee Hyung Chul , Lee Byung Il , Park Seung Ha , Yoon Eul Sik
Published: February 2020

Background Capsular contracture is a common complication of two-stage expander/implant breast reconstruction. To minimize the risk of this complication, capsulectomy is performed using monopolar cautery or ultrasonic surgical instrumentation, the latter of which can be conducted with a Harmonic scalpel. To date, there is disagreement regarding which of the two methods is superior. The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative outcomes between a group of patients who underwent surgery using a Harmonic scalpel and another group treated with monopolar cautery.

Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who underwent capsulectomy as part of two-stage breast reconstruction between January 2018 and February 2019 and who received at least 1 month of follow-up after surgery. Operative time and postoperative outcomes, including drainage duration, were analyzed.

Results In total, 36 female patients underwent capsulectomy. The monopolar group consisted of 18 patients and 22 breasts, while the Harmonic scalpel group consisted of 18 patients and 21 breasts. There was no statistically significant difference in demographics between the two groups. The Harmonic scalpel group had a significantly shorter mean drainage duration (6.65 days vs. 7.36 days) and a smaller mean total drainage volume (334.69 mL vs. 433.54 mL) than the monopolar cautery group (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed with regard to seroma or hematoma formation.

Conclusions The Harmonic scalpel approach for capsulectomy reduced the total drainage volume and drainage duration compared to the monopolar cautery approach. Therefore, this approach could serve as a good alternative to electrocautery.
Resurrection of a global, metagenomically defined gokushovirus
Authors: Kirchberger Paul C , Ochman Howard
Published: February 2020

Gokushoviruses are single-stranded, circular DNA bacteriophages found in metagenomic datasets from diverse ecosystems worldwide, including human gut microbiomes. Despite their ubiquity and abundance, little is known about their biology or host range: Isolates are exceedingly rare, known only from three obligate intracellular bacterial genera. By synthesizing circularized phage genomes from prophages embedded in diverse enteric bacteria, we produced gokushoviruses in an experimentally tractable model system, allowing us to investigate their features and biology. We demonstrate that virions can reliably infect and lysogenize hosts by hijacking a conserved chromosome-dimer resolution system. Sequence motifs required for lysogeny are detectable in other metagenomically defined gokushoviruses; however, we show that even partial motifs enable phages to persist cytoplasmically without leading to collapse of their host culture. This ability to employ multiple, disparate survival strategies is likely key to the long-term persistence and global distribution of Gokushovirinae.
Sodium channels implement a molecular leaky integrator that detects action potentials and regulates neuronal firing
Authors: Navarro Marco A , Salari Autoosa , Lin Jenna L , Cowan Luke M , Penington Nicholas J , Milescu Mirela , Milescu Lorin S
Published: February 2020

Voltage-gated sodium channels play a critical role in cellular excitability, amplifying small membrane depolarizations into action potentials. Interactions with auxiliary subunits and other factors modify the intrinsic kinetic mechanism to result in new molecular and cellular functionality. We show here that sodium channels can implement a molecular leaky integrator, where the input signal is the membrane potential and the output is the occupancy of a long-term inactivated state. Through this mechanism, sodium channels effectively measure the frequency of action potentials and convert it into Na+ current availability. In turn, the Na+ current can control neuronal firing frequency in a negative feedback loop. Consequently, neurons become less sensitive to changes in excitatory input and maintain a lower firing rate. We present these ideas in the context of rat serotonergic raphe neurons, which fire spontaneously at low frequency and provide critical neuromodulation to many autonomous and cognitive brain functions.
Dynamics at the serine loop underlie differential affinity of cryptochromes for CLOCK:BMAL1 to control circadian timing
Authors: Fribourgh Jennifer L , Srivastava Ashutosh , Sandate Colby R , Michael Alicia K , Hsu Peter L , Rakers Christin , Nguyen Leslee T , Torgrimson Megan R , Parico Gian Carlo G , Tripathi Sarvind , Zheng Ning , Lander Gabriel C , Hirota Tsuyoshi , Tama Florence , Partch Carrie L
Published: February 2020

Mammalian circadian rhythms are generated by a transcription-based feedback loop in which CLOCK:BMAL1 drives transcription of its repressors (PER1/2, CRY1/2), which ultimately interact with CLOCK:BMAL1 to close the feedback loop with ~24 hr periodicity. Here we pinpoint a key difference between CRY1 and CRY2 that underlies their differential strengths as transcriptional repressors. Both cryptochromes bind the BMAL1 transactivation domain similarly to sequester it from coactivators and repress CLOCK:BMAL1 activity. However, we find that CRY1 is recruited with much higher affinity to the PAS domain core of CLOCK:BMAL1, allowing it to serve as a stronger repressor that lengthens circadian period. We discovered a dynamic serine-rich loop adjacent to the secondary pocket in the photolyase homology region (PHR) domain that regulates differential binding of cryptochromes to the PAS domain core of CLOCK:BMAL1. Notably, binding of the co-repressor PER2 remodels the serine loop of CRY2, making it more CRY1-like and enhancing its affinity for CLOCK:BMAL1.
Short-Term Load Forecasting with Dilated Recurrent Attention Networks in Presence of Missing Data
Authors: Choi Changkyu
Published: February 2020

Forecasting the dynamics of time-varying systems is essential to maintaining the sustainability of the systems.Recent studies have discovered that Recurrent Neural Networks(RNN) applied in the forecasting tasks outperform conventional models that include AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA).However, due to the structural limitation of vanilla RNN which holds unit-length internal connections, learning the representation of time series with \textit{missing data} can be severely biased. The goal of this paper is to provide a robust RNN architecture against the bias from missing data. We propose Dilated Recurrent Attention Networks(DRAN).The proposed model has a stacked structure of multiple RNNs which layer of each having a different length of internal connections. This structure allows incorporating previous information at different time scales.DRAN updates its state by a weighted average of the layers.In order to focus more on the layer that carries reliable information against bias from missing data, it leverages attention mechanism which learns the distribution of attention weights among the layers.We report that our model outperforms conventional ones with respect to the forecast accuracy from two benchmark datasets, including a real-world electricity load dataset.
PointNet and geometric reasoning for detection of grape vines from single frame RGB-D data in outdoor conditions
Authors: Kurtser Polina , Ringdahl Ola , Rotstein Nati , Andreasson Henrik
Published: February 2020

In this paper we present the usage of PointNet, a deep neural network that consumes raw un-ordered point clouds, for detection of grape vine clusters in outdoor conditions. We investigate the added value of feeding the detection network with both RGB and depth, contradictory to common practice in agricultural robotics of relying on RGB only. A total of 5057 pointclouds (1033 manually annotated and 4024 annotated using geometric reasoning) were collected in a field experiment conducted in outdoor conditions on 9 grape vines and 5 plants. The detection results show overall accuracy of 91% (average class accuracy of 74%, precision 53% recall 48%) for RGBXYZ data and a significant drop in recall for RGB or XYZ data only. These results suggest the usage of depth cameras for vision in agricultural robotics is crucial for crops where the color contrast between the crop and the background is complex. The results also suggest geometric reasoning can be used for increased training set size, a major bottleneck in the development of agricultural vision systems.
Identification and validation of potential key long noncoding RNAs in sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Wu Manya , Shen Xiaoyun , Tang Yanping , Zhou Caifu , Li Haixia , Luo Xiaoling
Published: February 2020

As the first-line treatment, sorafenib has been used for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the chemoresistance commonly restricts to the clinical efficiency. In this study, we intend to investigate the genome-wide expression pattern of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in sorafenib-resistant HCC. Herein, we identified thousands of differentially expressed lncRNAs in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells by high-throughput sequencing compared to the parental. Besides, based on GO (Gene Ontology) term enrichment analysis, these differentially expressed lncRNAs are mainly related to binding and catalytic activity and biological regulation of metabolic processes in both the sorafenib-resistant Huh7 cells (Huh7-S) and sorafenib-resistant HepG2 cells (HepG2-S) compared to the parental cells. Moreover, when analyzed by KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway, the differentially expressed genes were significantly related to the tight junction. Among them, the expression of TCONS_00284048 and TCONS_00006019 was consistently up-regulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines, whereas when either was knocked down, the sensitivity of Huh7-S and HepG2-S cells to sorafenib was increased. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the lncRNA expression profile is significantly altered in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells as well as differentially expressed lncRNAs may play crucial functions on HCC sorafenib resistance and HCC progression.
Genetic Resources for Fertility Restoration Lines and Maintainers of Capsicum annuum L.
Authors: Nikornpun Maneechat , Boonyakiat Danai
Published: February 2020

Male fertility reactions of one hundred and forty-one accessions of chilies were classified. Three groups were found. Some accessions maintained male sterility and were determined to carry a non-sterile cytoplasm and to lack fertility restoration genes or N rfrf genotype. Some accessions segregated for the ability to restore male sterile cytoplasm and were determined to be heterozygous in restorer genes with genotype N/SRfrf. Some accessions restored fertility of CMS and had the genotype N/SRfRf. A few maintainers with good horticultural characteristics were selected. They were selfed and selected for a few generations and then their progeny were evaluated. There were differences in the genetic stability of cytoplasmic male-sterility among the selected lines. Some lines were good maintainers, but a few lines were discarded. The stable maintainers were distributed to 10 seed companies and the government of China. Some F1 hybrid chilies produced using these lines have been commercially sold both in China and Thailand. Fruit physio-chemical qualities of maintainer accessions, restorers and heterozygous accessions were also recorded. The level of capsaicin of the accessions varied from 3,250 to 8,850 Scoville units. The level of vitamin C showed a range of 4.43 to 103.16 mg./100g.fw. Horticultural characteristics of the accessions were recorded and the fruit physio-chemical qualities of the accessions were reported.
Comparison of Two Different Ozone Injection Sites for Knee Osteoarthritis, Tibio-femoral Joint versus Supra-patellar Recess: An Open Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hashemi Masoud , Taheri Mehrdad , Dadkhah Payman , Hassani Hasti , Ataie Mohammadhossein , Ghasemi Mahshid , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Solhpour Ali
Published: February 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ozone injection at Tibio-femoral joint with Supra-patellar recess on knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: In this randomized, controlled clinical trial, 99 patients with symptomatic knee OA were randomized into two groups. 47 patients selected to receive 7-8 ml ozone (20 µg/ml) through Tibio-femoral joint injection, and 49 patients received 10 ml ozone (20 µg/ml) through supra-patellar recess injection by using in-plane ultrasound-guided. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in the visual analogue scale (VAS) (0-100 mm) pain score during 3 months after injection. Secondary outcome measures included the Western Ontario and McMaster universities OA Index (WOMAC), Lequesne index, time “Up and Go” (TUG) test, single-limb stance (SLS) tests, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects. All of these measurements were evaluated at the base time, 48 hours, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after injection.

Results: Both groups had significantly improvement in the primary and secondary outcome measures. VAS pain score except at the 3–month follow-up (16.8±13.3 versus 18.1±16.6, 95% CI, -7.33 to 4.73, p =0.6), WOMAC pain score, WOMAC stiffness score at all evaluated times, and WOMAC total score at 48 hours after injection (95% CI, -19.4 to -4.9) were significantly better among Tibio-femoral ozone injection compare to Supra-patellar recess injection (95% CI, -20.68 to -6.51, p<0.001)). In both groups satisfaction, TUG and SLS times were improved, but no significant difference was seen between groups (p>0.05). At the 3-month follow-up, WOMAC pain and total scores for only Tibio-femoral joint injection group as well as WOMAC function, TUG and SLS times for both groups were gradually coming back to the baseline.

Conclusion: Ozone injection in both groups was associated with pain relief, functional improvement, and quality of life in patient with knee OA. Pain and stiffness of joint were improved better in Supra-patellar recess ozone injection.
Down‐regulation of anti‐inflammatory TIPE2 may aggravate adenoidal hypertrophy in children
Authors: Gao Kun , Li Yanzhong , Yue Zhiyong , Han Jie , Zhou Xuanchen , Wang Xiaoting
Published: February 2020

Adenoidal hypertrophy (AH) is a common disorder in the pediatric population, with common symptoms including mouth breathing, nasal congestion, hyponasal speech, snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Although the pathogenesis of AH has not been fully elucidated, recent studies have indicated that immune responses may play an important role in AH. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced protein‐8 like‐2 (TIPE2) is a newly identified protein that negatively regulates the activation of inflammatory pathways. Here, we investigated the effect of TIPE2 in AH in children. We observed that the levels of TNF‐α and interleukin‐6 were greater in the adenoid tissue of AH children than in healthy control subjects (P < 0.01), and this increase was positively correlated with the severity of AH. The level of TIPE2 expression was decreased compared with control and was negatively correlated with AH. TIPE2 overexpression in primary human monocytes (isolated from adenoid tissue of children with AH) inhibited the activation of nuclear factor‐κB and the expression of TNF‐α and interleukin‐6. These results suggest that overexpression of TIPE2 may attenuate AH through inactivation of the nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway.