bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Game Formats in U-10 Soccer Using Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Amatria Mario , Lapresa Daniel , Arana Javier , Anguera M. Teresa , Garzón Belén
Published: December 2016

Small-sided games provide young soccer players with better opportunities to develop their skills and progress as individual and team players. There is, however, little evidence on the effectiveness of different game formats in different age groups, and furthermore, these formats can vary between and even within countries. The Royal Spanish Soccer Association replaced the traditional grassroots 7-a-side format (F-7) with the 8-a-side format (F-8) in the 2011-12 season and the country’s regional federations gradually followed suit. The aim of this observational methodology study was to investigate which of these formats best suited the learning needs of U-10 players transitioning from 5-aside futsal. We built a multiple logistic regression model to predict the success of offensive moves depending on the game format and the area of the pitch in which the move was initiated. Success was defined as a shot at the goal. We also built two simple logistic regression models to evaluate how the game format influenced the acquisition of technicaltactical skills. It was found that the probability of a shot at the goal was higher in F-7 than in F-8 for moves initiated in the Creation Sector-Own Half (0.08 vs 0.07) and the Creation Sector-Opponent's Half (0.18 vs 0.16). The probability was the same (0.04) in the Safety Sector. Children also had more opportunities to control the ball and pass or take a shot in the F-7 format (0.24 vs 0.20), and these were also more likely to be successful in this format (0.28 vs 0.19).
Optimization of the Spray-Drying Process for Developing Stingless Bee Honey Powder
Authors: Cuevas-Glory Luis F. , Pino Jorge A. , Sosa-Moguel Odri , Sauri-Duch Enrique , Bringas-Lantigua Madai
Published: December 2016

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the spray-drying process for the development of stingless bee honey powder. The independent variables were: inlet air temperature (110–150 oC) and maltodextrin 10DE content (50–70 % wb). The responses were powder yield, moisture, volatiles retention, solubility time, hygroscopicity, bulk loose, and hydroxymethylfurfural content. Powder moisture content, solubility time, hygroscopicity and loose bulk density were negatively affected by inlet air temperature, while powder yield, volatiles retention and hydroxymethylfurfural content were directly related. Powder yield, volatiles retention and solubility time increased with the rise in maltodextrin content, while moisture content, hygroscopicity, loose bulk density and hydroxymethylfurfural content were negatively affected by maltodextrin content. Multiple response optimization indicated that an inlet air temperature of 150 oC and maltodextrin content of 61 % wb were predicted to provide 40 % powder yield, 4.9 % wb moisture content, 71 % volatiles retention, 242 s solubility time and 232 mg/kg hydroxymethylfurfural content.
Vitamin D supplementation, the metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in obese children
Authors: Grunwald Tal , Fadia Shruti , Bernstein Bruce , Naliborski Matthew , Wu Shufang , Luca Francesco De
Published: December 2016

Background:

Previous studies suggest that vitamin D may play a role in cardiovascular and metabolic health. Oxidative stress has also been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the occurrence of oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine whether treatment and correction of vitamin D deficiency in obese children led to changes in their metabolic profile, independent of changes in adiposity. In addition, we aimed to determine whether vitamin D deficiency and oxidative stress are causally related in obese children.

Methods:

In the retrospective arm, chart review identified 32 obese children who experienced normalization of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency with vitamin D supplementation. We then correlated laboratory and anthropometric data with vitamin D levels. In the prospective arm of the study, urinary 8-isoprostane and hydrogen peroxide were measured before and after correction of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and correlated to vitamin D levels in seven patients.

Results:

In our predominantly Hispanic population of obese children in an urban setting, we demonstrated a cause-effect relationship between vitamin D deficiency and oxidative stress. In contrast, we found no association between vitamin D status, adiposity, and markers of insulin sensitivity, nor any effect of vitamin D treatment on the same parameters.

Conclusions:

These discordant findings suggest a differential effect of vitamin D on cardiovascular risk factors such as oxidative stress and insulin resistance. To confirm these findings, further prospective studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up are warranted.
Rapid assessment of nonvolant mammals in seven sites in the northern State of Pará, Brazil: a forgotten part of the Guiana Region
Authors: Rossi Rogério Vieira , Miranda Cleuton Lima , Semedo Thiago Borges Fernandes
Published: December 2016

The Guiana Center of Endemism (GCE) extends across Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, north of the Amazon River and east of the Negro River in Brazil, and Venezuela to the south of the Orinoco River. Regarding diversity of nonvolant mammals, the Brazilian part of this center is less studied, especially the area corresponding to the north of the State of Pará. Seven field trips lasting 12–15 days each were conducted in five conservation units in northern Pará, in order to assess the nonvolant mammalian fauna. Small mammals were captured using conventional and pitfall traps. Medium-sized and large mammals were recorded through direct observations on diurnal transect censuses, collections, camera traps, indirect evidence, and in some cases, interviews. We recorded 60 species distributed in nine orders. Among other contributions, a recently described species of
Facile synthesis of hexagonal strontium ferrite nanostructures and hard magnetic poly carbonate nanocomposite
Authors: Ahmadi Ali , Ghanbari Davood , Nabiyouni Gholamreza
Published: December 2016

Hard magnetic SrFe
Membrane protein reconstitution in nanodiscs for luminescence spectroscopy studies
Authors: Zoghbi Maria E. , Altenberg Guillermo A.
Published: December 2016

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) exporters transport substrates across biological membranes using ATP hydrolysis by a process that involves switching between inward- and outward-facing conformations. Most of the structural studies of ABC proteins have been performed with proteins in detergent micelles, locked in specific conformations and/or at low temperature. In this article, we present recent data from our laboratories where we studied the prototypical ABC exporter MsbA during ATP hydrolysis, at 37°C, reconstituted in a lipid bilayer. These studies were possible through the use of luminescence resonance energy transfer spectroscopy in MsbA reconstituted in nanodiscs. We found major differences between MsbA in these native-like conditions and in previous studies. These include a separation between the nucleotide-binding domains that was much smaller than previously thought, and a large fraction of molecules with associated nucleotide-binding domains in the nucleotide-free apo state. These studies stress the importance of studying membrane proteins in an environment that approaches physiological conditions.
Long-term changes in water quality and ecological status of lakes in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone with special reference to effectiveness of the lakes’ protection
Authors: Ławniczak Agnieszka E.
Published: December 2016

This paper evaluates water quality and ecological status of lakes located in the Wielkopolska National Park and its buffer zone. Changes in water quality were analyzed from 1974 to 2012 in order to assess the effectiveness of the protection strategies implemented on the studied lakes since 1957, i.e. the date when the park was established. The ecological status of the lakes was assessed with the use of macrophytes as well as hydromorphological and physicochemical analyses performed in 2012. Changes in water quality of the studied lakes within the last 40 years were analyzed based on available published and unpublished data, as well as field studies. All water bodies are characterized by advanced eutrophication. However, evaluation of the ecological status showed good status of the charophyte-dominated lakes, i.e. Lake Wielkowiejskie and Lake Budzyńskie. Lack of significant differences in physicochemical water qualities between the park and its buffer zone indicated that measures implemented to protect the water, particularly in the park, are ineffective. This study shows that more radical conservation measures are necessary to protect and improve the water quality, not only in WPN and its buffer zone but also in the whole catchment area.
The Actuality of the Movable (by the Mover): a Relational Interpretation of Aristotle’s Definition of Motion
Authors: Ugaglia Monica
Published: December 2016

The paper discusses Aristotle’s conception of motion and proposes a new perspective for a reading. Of course, motion can be located between two states of a movable, between potentiality and actuality, but it can also be located between (the state of) a movable and (that of) its mover. It is also argued that this relational perspective is the correct way to understand Aristotle’s definition of motion. When Aristotle defines motion as “the actuality of what potentially is,
Hepatoprotective role of Solenostemma argel growing in Egypt on ethanol induced oxidative damage in rats
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Mahgoub
Published: December 2016

Objective

The objective of the current study is to investigate the protective effect of Solenostemma argel (S. argel) treatment on ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver.

Methods

Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups as control, S. argel (100 mg/kg), EtOH (3 g/kg) and S. argel + EtOH groups. S. argel was given 1 h prior to EtOH by oral gavage for 28 days.

Results

The results showed that, administration of EtOH caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum total protein and albumin, whereas ALT and AST and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were increased following EtOH treatment. S. argel treatment significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated the previous parameters. Protein carbonyl, reduced glutathione and LPO levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased along with glutathione-S-transferase activity was decreased (as markers of oxidative stress) in EtOH treated rat liver. Previous oxidative stress was attenuated significantly by S. argel treatment. Moreover, in EtOH group, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) contents and cytochrome P450 2E1 activity were significantly increased in liver tissues showing oxidative organ damage. Co-administration of S. argel with EtOH significantly reversed the inflammation in rat livers.

Conclusion

S. argel had a hepatoprotective role against EtOH-induce oxidative stress and inflammation in rat liver.
Evaluation of laboratory parameters in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Ulukent Suat Can , Şahbaz Nuri Alper , Özyürek Eser Şefik , Sarıcı İnanç Şamil , Akça Özlem , Özgün Mehmet Yiğit , Akbayır Özgür , Kalaycı Mustafa Uygar
Published: December 2016

Introduction

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the diagnostic value of the fibrinogen level, platelet (PLT) count, mean platelet volume (MPV), lymphocyte count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level with white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil count in acute appendicitis (AA).

Methods

One hundred and ninety-seven patients who were admitted with the findings of acute abdomen and operated on with a preoperative diagnosis of AA were included in this prospective observational study. After surgery, according to the histopathological results of the appendix, patients were classified as Group 1; with normal histology of appendix vermicularis, Group 2; patients with positive histology for appendicitis with or without perforation, periappendiceal abscess, suppurative, gangrenous or ulcerophlegmonous appendicitis.

Results

In the comparison of the two groups, the difference between CRP and MPV were insignificant (p=0.12 and p=0.09, respectively). WBC, neutrophil count, NLR were significantly higher in Group 2 (p<0.001 for each), whereas fibrinogen levels, lymphocyte count and the PLT counts were significantly higher in Group 1 (p=0.03, 0.002 and 0.003, respectively).

Discussion and conclusion

WBC, neutrophil and NLR are predictive for the diagnosis of AA, whereas elevated levels of fibrinogen, high lymphocyte and PLT count are predictive for non-appendicial pathology with low diagnostic accuracies.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of the chromium–vanadium–antimony system
Authors: Regus Matthias , Polesya Svitlana , Kuhn Gerhard , Mankovsky Sergiy , Bauers Sage R. , Johnson David C. , Ebert Hubert , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: December 2016

The binary compound V3Sb (V2.64Sb, V3Sb and V3.24Sb) was synthesized as thin multilayered films with varying V:Sb ratios. The V-content determines the crystallization temperature and it is highest for the film with the lowest amount of V. Ternary chromium–vanadium–antimony (Cr–V–Sb) films were prepared containing Cr from 10 to 51 at-% with the Sb content fixed to yield M3Sb (M=Cr, V). In the as-deposited state the layers are already interdiffused which is most likely caused by the very low repeating unit thickness between 0.29 and 0.68 nm investigated by X-ray diffraction experiments. All ternary compounds crystallized from the amorphous state with crystallization temperatures depending more on the repeating unit thickness than on chemical composition. For most samples the simultaneous crystallization of the two phases M3Sb (A15 structure type) and MSb is observed. The crystalline A15 compounds are only stable in a limited temperature range and decompose at elevated temperatures. Compared to the binary Cr–Sb system crystallization of the hexagonal phase MSb (M=Cr, V) occurs at remarkably higher temperatures, i.e. in the ternary system nucleation and crystallization of this phase is hindered. The chemical composition requires short-range composition fluctuations to nucleate the binary phase. The first principles total energy calculations using the spin-polarized relativistic Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker (SPR-KKR) method confirm the experimental observations concerning the concentration-dependent stability of different phases of the Cr–V–Sb system. For the ratio M:Sb=3:1 the system is preferably stabilized in the A15 crystal structure for all possible Cr and V concentrations, while an increase of Sb content up to M:Sb=2:1 results in the stabilization of the Ni2In structure for almost all Cr concentrations. Only in the V-rich regime of the system the Heusler Ni2MnAl-type structure was found to be energetically more preferable.
Effects of Pre-exhaustion on the Patterns of Muscular Activity in the Flat Bench Press
Authors: Gołaś Artur , Maszczyk Adam , Pietraszewski Przemyslaw , Stastny Petr , Tufano James J. , Zając Adam
Published: December 2016

Gołaś, A, Maszczyk, A, Pietraszewski, P, Stastny, P, Tufano, JJ, and Zając, A. Effects of pre-exhaustion on the patterns of muscular activity in the flat bench press. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1919–1924, 2017—Pre-exhaustion (PE) has been applied in resistance training (RT) to manipulate the order of performing 2 resistance exercises, a single-joint exercise to momentary exhaustion, followed by a multi-joint movement that includes the same muscle group. This method ensures greater recruitment of muscles or muscle groups in the multi-joint exercise to further increase muscle strength and overcome strength plateaus. The purpose of the present study was to investigate muscle activity by electromyography during high-intensity (95% of 1 repetition maximum [RM]) bench press (BP), before and after PE of the pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoid (AD), and triceps brachii (TB) muscles to determine the effects of PE of the prime movers. Eight healthy athletes, experienced in RT, participated in the study. There were 4 sessions in the experiment. Session 1 was aimed at determination of 1RM during a flat BP. Sessions 2, 3, and 4 consisted of performing a BP after PE of the muscles studied by the incline dumbbell fly, front deltoid raise, and lying triceps extension exercise. Peak concentric TB activation after TB PE (mean ± SD, 147.76 ± 18.6%) was significantly greater by analysis of variance (η
2 = 0.82, F = 5.45, p = 0.004) compared with peak TB activation (114.77 ± 19.4%) before TB PE. The statistical analysis for PM and AD did not show any significant differences. Coaches should not expect the usefulness of PE protocol to elicit higher PM or AD activity or fatigue, but they can use it to increase TB activity before high-intensity BP exercise.
Influence of Pack Boriding on the Wear and Corrosion Resistance of AISI H13 Steel
Authors: Heck S. C. , Neto A. L. , Picon C. A. , Totten G. E. , Casteletti L. C.
Published: December 2016

This work investigates the effect of pack boriding time and temperature on the wear and corrosion resistance of AISI H13 tool steel. Steel samples were pack borided at 900 and 1000°C for periods of 2 and 4 h; followed by non-abrasive fixed-ball microwear tests on borided and non-borided samples. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization tests in HCl 0.1 M. High hardness layers were formed on the samples for all treatment conditions employed. The layer's properties, such as hardness, thickness, layer/substrate interface morphology, and phases formed, were influenced by steel composition. For AISI H13 steel, which has a larger amount of alloying elements than carbon steel, the formed layers were hard, thin, with a smoother interface. For all treatment conditions, the presence of Fe2B, FeB, and CrB were identified. The wear and corrosion resistance of borided samples was significantly increased. The best results were obtained for samples borided at 1000°C.
Tantangan Modernitas Hukum Pidana Islam
Authors: Jamaa La
Published: December 2016

Modernity Challenges of Islamic Criminal Law. One of the challenges facing the Islamic criminal law in the era of modernity is the advancement of science and technology in the fields of medicine and human rights. Science and technology can be used as a analysis method in Islamic criminal law, although the concept of human rights in the era of modernity bore dilemma. In this paper, the author examines some contemporary issues associated with Islamic criminal law that is taking khamr, organ transplant technology, DNA tests and modernity that make a misperception in human rights concept.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i2.4456
Risk Stratification for Opioid Misuse in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Thienprayoon Rachel , Porter Kelly , Tate Michelle , Ashby Marshall , Meyer Mark
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND:

The Pediatric Palliative and Comfort Care Team (PACT) at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) provides opioids to a large population of patients in the ambulatory setting. Before this project, PACT had no reliable system to risk stratify patients for opioid misuse.

METHODS:

The global aim was safe opioid prescribing by the palliative care team. The specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely aim was as follows: “In patients who present for follow up with PACT, we will use the “opioid bundle” to increase risk stratification for opioid misuse from 0% to 90% over 5 months.” The opioid bundle includes a urine drug screen, Ohio Automated Rx Reporting System report, pill count, and screening history for drug abuse and mental health disorders. The setting was multiple CCHMC ambulatory clinics. Participants included all PACT members.

RESULTS:

Since implementing the new system, we have increased risk stratification for opioid misuse among outpatients from 0% to >90%. Results have been sustained for 12 months. Key processes have become reliable: obtaining informed consent and controlled substance agreements for all new patients and obtaining the opioid bundle to enable risk stratification in a consistent and timely fashion. A total of 34% of patients have been stratified as high risk, and an additional 27% have been stratified as moderate risk.

CONCLUSIONS:

A system to ensure safe opioid prescribing practices to all patients is critical for providers. Identifying key processes and executing them reliably has enabled the palliative care team at CCHMC to risk stratify >90% of patients receiving opioids in the ambulatory setting for opioid misuse.
Modern diagnostics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: noninvasive research methods
Authors: Palibroda N. M.
Published: December 2016

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD represents a wide spectrum of conditions, ranging from simple benign steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which sometimes progresses to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pivotal issue in the management of patients with NAFLD is the diagnosis of steatohepatitis and fibrosis at an early stage. In this review we present recent data on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease evaluation. Although liver biopsy is regarded as the gold standard for assessment of hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis, its use has several limitations, including the potential risk of sampling errors, intra- and interobserver variability, invasiveness and the stress it causes to patients, the high cost and the potential for complications. In this review a simple and reliable non-invasive alternative with indicated sensitivity and specificity is described. Non-invasive markers should aim ; in primary care settings, to identify the risk of developing NAFLD among individuals with increased metabolic risk; in secondary and tertiary care settings, to identify those with a worse prognosis, e.g. severe steatohepatitis; monitor disease progression; predict response to therapeutic interventions. Achieving these objectives could reduce the need for liver biopsy. Thus, according to the natural history of NAFLD, all patients with a low risk of developing advanced disease, eventually diagnosed by one of above non-invasive parameters, could be referred to primary care, whereas subjects at high risk of developing advanced disease should be sent to specialists for the evaluation of the degree of fibrosis and the choice of specific management. According to the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of NAFLD, ultrasound is the preferred first-line diagnostic procedure for imaging of NAFLD, as it provides additional diagnostic information. Whenever imaging tools are not available or feasible (e.g. large epidemiological studies), serum biomarkers and scores are an acceptable alternative for the diagnosis of steatosis. The combination of biomarkers/scores and transient elastography might confer additional diagnostic accuracy. At the same time, the identification of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis by serum biomarkers/scores and/or elastography is less accurate and needs to be confirmed by liver biopsy, according to the clinical context. Аlthough there are a range of controversial issues regarding the use of non-invasive methods for the assessment of NAFLD, these methods are being actively developed, researched and introduced into clinical practice as an equivalent and substitute for liver biopsy.
Phagocytic and metabolic activity of neutrophils of rats in the early stages of post-embryonic development under the influence of biologically active substances of the salt extract of Hirudo verbana
Authors: Aminov R. F. , Frolov A. K.
Published: December 2016

The nitroblue tetrazolium test reflects the degree of activation of oxygen-dependent mechanisms of bactericidal activity of phagocytotic cells, so the increase in nbt-test and phagocytic indices shows increased activation in the bacterial process and enhanced protection with the help of the absorption ability of the cells in the body. We examined females of nonlinear rats after feeding of their offspring, which 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after mating were injected intraperitoneally with antigens of saline extract of medical leeches (4 injections) and the offspring at days 1, 15, 30, 45, 60. The dosage of salt extract antigens was carried out by determining the protein concentrations using the Lowry protein assay. The animals were immobilized using an immobilizing device. The animals were distributed into three groups: the first research and experimental group of animals was subject to the influence of medical leech salt extract antigens to the amount of 0.5 ml (at the rate of 3 µg/g of animal weight); the second group of intact animals was not subject to intervention, the third control group of animals was administered intraperitoneally saline 0.5 ml of 9% saline solution. We studied females after feeding offspring and offspring at 1, 15, 30, 60 days. The animals were kept in vivarium conditions in individual cages on a standard diet. In the experiment we used 60 females of non-linear rats and 300 of their offspring. All animals were decapitated under ether anesthesia. After that, we took blood, made a solution with crystal heparin and examined the laboratory parameters: total number of leukocytes and leukocyte formula. Evaluation of nonspecific resistance of the organism was investigated using tests which characterize the activity of neutrophils (nbt-test, phagocytosis indices). The results of our studies revealed a positive effect of antigens of saline extract of medical leeches on the absorptive and metabolic activity of neutrophils in the females and their offspring in all study periods compared with the control, an increased number of leukocytes, due to the change of the process of differentiation and deposition of cells in immunogenic organs on proliferation. Changes in immunological parameters indicate the immunostimulatory effect of AG ML on leukopoiesis and on the functional activity of neutrophils – the first line of defense against entry into the body of a variety of bacteria, fungi and protozoa.
Analysis of the application efficiency of the enzyme preparation Ladozim Proxy in the poultry industry
Authors: Hurieva A. G. , Semerak J. V. , Anatsky A. S.
Published: December 2016

The necessity has been widely noted of improving the nutritional value of forage mixtures used in the poultry industry through the use of enzyme preparations on the basis of phytase for splitting phytic acid and its salts contained in the feed. This technological approach is relevant in feeding farm animals, particularly poultry, as they are unable to synthesise endogenous phytase. On the base of the Agro-Industrial Complex "Oril-Leader" we researched the influence of the enzyme preparation Ladozim Proxy as a feed component for broiler chickens and laying hens on the growth and biochemical parameters of the birds and their egg-laying capacity. The feed ration consisted of wheat, corn, sunflower meal, extruded soy and protein-vitamin complex Biomix. For the research experimental and control groups of broiler chickens were formed (50 birds in each group) and laying hens (20 birds in each group). The experimental feeding period was 35 days for the chickens and 30 days for the hens. The research used physical-chemical methods for determining the content of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in the feed, the blood and the excrement of the birds. Statistical data processing was carried out by ANOVA. It was established that the use of Ladozim Proxy in the amount of 60–100 mg/kg feed promotes an increase of the live weight of chickens by 21%. The findings can be explained by an increase of the feed nutrients available for digestion in the gastrointestinal tracts of the poultry due to the hydrolytic action of the enzyme complex added to the phytic-containing components of the feed. The result of these phenomena is also a positive dynamic in assimilation of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in the feed by chickens of the experimental group: use of these elements increased by 10–16%. The preparation had no effect on hematological indices of the organisms of the poultry and increased the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. The use of the preparation has not only physiological, but also economic importance because it allows a reduction in feed intake and expenditure on feed for poultry reared for agricultural production. The use of the phytase preparation does not affect the quantitative indicators of egg-laying by hens, but an increase in the thickness of the egg shells was noted, due to deposition of calcium in the organism of the experimental group.
Relationships of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation markers depending on the degree and duration of hypertension
Authors: Ashcheulova T. , Gerasimchuk N.
Published: December 2016

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a heterogenic and multisystem disease. It has been suggested that oxidative stress (OS) and systemic non-specific inflammation may be involved in pathogenesis of cardiovascular pathology including AH. The aim of our study was to characterize the plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) level as a marker of systemic inflammation in relation to OS development (on the base of 8-isoprostane level assessment), depending on duration and degree of AH. We examined 117 persons, of which 102 patients from 30 to 65 years old (average age – 54.7 years) who had previously not been receiving regular antihypertensive therapy had I–III degrees of essential hypertension and 15 healthy persons (average age – 48.7 years). In 34 patients from this group the degree of OS activity was determined by 8-isoprostane level as the main marker of OS. The control group consisted of 10 healthy persons, by age and gender comparable with the study group. Determination of plasmatic CRP levels and the level of 8-isoprostane in the serum was performed by ELISA. The study established an increase of the plasmatic CRP levels in patients with hypertension, and a statistically significant increase of serum 8-isoprostane content in hypertensive patients compared to the control group. When assessing the relationship of 8-isoprostane and CRP content in patients with different degrees of hypertension we found that the strongest positive relationship between their levels was observed in the case of I degree hypertension. This may indicate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hypertension as a damaging mechanism which contributes to the activation of immune mechanisms and further progression of the disease. Increased CRP and 8-isoprostane levels confirm the involvement of autoimmune mechanisms and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The level of C-reactive protein is dependent on the duration of hypertension, while the 8-isoprostane levels – only on degree of hypertension. A raised level of C-reactive protein can be used as an independent marker of systemic inflammation in patients with arterial hypertension.
Relación entre didáctica, gerencia y el uso educativo de las TIC
Authors: Cuberos de Quintero María A. , Vivas García Marisela
Published: December 2016

Este artículo científico presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue determinar la relación existente entre didáctica, gerencia y el uso educativo de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) en las instituciones de Educación Básica Secundaria del Municipio San José de Cúcuta-Norte de Santander, beneficiadas por el Programa Gubernamental Computadores para Educar en Colombia; esta fue realizada en el 2015. El enfoque metodológico utilizado fue mixto, la información se recogió mediante las técnicas encuesta escrita y entrevista oral; como instrumentos: el cuestionario estructurado y el guion de entrevista aplicado a 168 profesores y 14 gerentes educativos, respectivamente. Para el análisis de los datos se emplearon métodos estadísticos y de análisis de contenido, fundamentado filosóficamente en la transmodernidad. Los resultados evidencian una relación sinérgica incipiente entre la didáctica, gerencia y el uso educativo de las TIC derivada de la escasa formación, tanto del profesorado, como de los gerentes en competencias técnico-didácticas y de gestión, lo cual puede verse como una medición en pleno desarrollo del programa gubernamental Computadores para Educar, para la toma de decisiones pertinentes a los ajustes necesarios cónsonos con el propósito para el cual fue creado hacia la transformación institucional a favor de la calidad educativa
Análisis estadístico de la percepción que tienen niñas y niños de la Enseñanza General Básica de los comportamientos violentos escolares
Authors: Artavia Granados Jenny María , Araya Alpízar Carlomagno
Published: December 2016

Este artículo es producto de una investigación de índole mixta, realizada en el 2015, que procuró analizar si en los juegos e interacciones sociales desarrolladas durante los recreos por el estudiantado de I y II ciclo de la Enseñanza General Básica de una escuela de la Dirección Regional de Educación de Occidente (Costa Rica), existen comportamientos violentos. En el desarrollo de este estudio, se pretendió identificar el grado de percepción que posee esta población y realizar un análisis comparativo de la percepción de violencia que estos poseen, considerando las variables de sexo y nivel escolar. Como parte de los resultados, se encontró que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los promedios del índice de violencia (IDV) percibida por las niñas y los niños. El alumnado de sexto año es el que tiene un menor promedio en el índice, esto podría indicar que a mayor edad, se tiende a aceptar comportamientos o acciones violentas como válidas, o considerar que son acciones “normales”, “no agresivas”. Otra situ ación observada en el estudio es que el alumnado de tercer y cuarto año presenta el promedio del índice de violencia mayor (9,1), esto implica que esta población detecta con más claridad cuando una acción de sus pares es violenta
Análisis de la experiencia pedagógica: Campamento EXPLORA Chile VA! Valorando la Biodiversidad Maulina
Authors: Fuentealba Cruz Marta , Marín Isamit Felipe , Castillo Retamal Franklin , Roco Fuentes Lisandro
Published: December 2016

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar el impacto de la iniciativa “Campamento EXPLORA Chile VA!: Valorando la Biodiversidad Maulina”, en la valoración de la ciencia, la protección del patrimonio natural y el aporte al desarrollo sustentable entre los chilevanenses (estudiantes participantes). Para lo cual, después de seis días de campamento y vivir experiencias en terreno, se enfrentaron a desafíos para resolver en equipo, realizar experiencias en laboratorios naturales, conocer historias de jóvenes emprendedores y sostener conversaciones con científicos que han hecho importantes contribuciones que han ayudado a comprender la biodiversidad del Maule. Se aplicó una encuesta de impacto (día 6) a los 96 chilevanenses, la cual se comparó con la encuesta de expectativas ejecutada el primer día. Las preguntas abiertas fueron analizadas mediante el software Atlas ti. Las bitácoras diarias se analizaron a través de la técnica de nube de conceptos. Se confirmó una adecuada consistencia interna de la prueba de expectativas (α Cronbach = 0,8530) y del examen de impacto (α Cronbach = 0,8256). Se detectó que el campamento sirvió para que todos los participantes, independiente de su procedencia socioeducativa, descubrieran, desarrollaran e incrementaran habilidades potenciando su desarrollo integral, actitudes y/o competencias para las necesidades reales de grupos socioeducativos muy diversos, como son los de dependencia municipal y particular. Desde la perspectiva del análisis cuantitativo, se concluyó que más del 88 % de los chilevanenses declaró mantener o incrementar su valoración por la ciencia, la protección del patrimonio natural y el aporte al desarrollo sustentable.
Elementos conceptuales y procedimentales para la intervención orientadora en la comunidad
Authors: Bogantes Cabezas Adriana , Cascante Herrera Raquel , Fonseca Rojas María Gabriela , Rodríguez Artavia Grettel Yessenia , Segura Hernández Katia Vanessa
Published: December 2016

La orientación comunitaria es uno de los ámbitos menos desarrollado en Costa Rica. A partir de algunas necesidades latentes en las comunidades como: drogadicción, abandono escolar y violencia, así como la disciplina, se desarrolló esta investigación como medio para abrir espacios de intervención. Este artículo presenta los resultados de dicha investigación, la cual es de tipo descriptiva, bajo el método de estudio de casos de Robert Yin. Se realizó durante el 2014, en una comunidad prototipo del área metropolitana. Para recolectar la información, se utilizaron las técnicas de: entrevista individual y grupal, análisis documental y observación. Asimismo, se identificaron elementos conceptuales, procedimentales y condiciones facilitadoras de la comunidad, para la puesta en práctica de procesos y acciones de Orientación Comunitaria dentro del contexto costarricense. De esta forma, se concluye que la intervención en la comunidad es factible, pues se aprovecha de espacios ya existentes en grupos organizados. Además, como resultado también se aporta una aproximación teórica de orientación comunitaria, la cual comprende un conjunto de procesos de apoyo que favorecen la vida comunal y a cada uno de sus miembros
Maternidad adolescente, entre la escolarización y el fracaso escolar
Authors: Cubillos Romo Julia Ester
Published: December 2016

Este artículo recoge las principales conclusiones de un estudio sobre la trayectoria educativa de mujeres adolescentes que enfrentan el desafío de ser madres. Se trató de un estudio cualitativo cuyo objetivo fue comprender la vivencia de madres adolescentes, para identificar dimensiones que se asocian al retiro y la retención escolar, así como describir las demandas de apoyo para compatibilizar ambos roles (estudiante y madre). Con base en diez entrevistas, realizadas a madres adolescentes escolarizadas en establecimientos municipalizados y madres que no continuaron sus estudios secundarios, se desarrolló un análisis comparativo entre ambas experiencias y sistema de creencias. Se concluye que la maternidad no es un factor que genere de forma causal la deserción escolar; pero sí influye sobremanera las dinámicas de inclusión al interior de los establecimientos educativos, lo cual genera estrés y limita procesos de aprendizaje. Además, la vivencia precoz de la maternidad debilita el capital social, las redes de apoyo y las relaciones interpersonales con docentes y pares. De igual forma, se concluye que la maternidad adolescente incide significativamente en la reflexión sobre los proyectos de vida. Para promover la permanencia en el sistema escolar, es preciso abordar los prejuicios y discriminaciones de género que se dan en su interior, tanto por parte del cuerpo docente como de estudiantes, así como instalar prácticas de cooperación que favorezcan la inclusión escolar.
Políticas públicas y derecho a la educación de niños, niñas y adolescentes extranjeros en Chile
Authors: Jorquera-Martínez Carolina
Published: December 2016

El objetivo del presente artículo es evaluar las políticas públicas locales, desde un enfoque cualitativo usando análisis documental, considerando el ajuste de éstos con la incorporación al sistema escolar de niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) extranjeros, tomando en cuenta que el reconocimiento de la diversidad sociocultural es parte de las dimensiones de una educación de calidad. Los resultados muestran que los dispositivos que regulan la educación en Chile consideran de manera global la no discriminación y el acceso universal a esta. Sin embargo, faltan normativas explícitas que medien la incorporación de estudiantes extranjeros que consideren ando sus necesidades administrativas y pedagógicas. La principal recomendación a la luz de los hallazgos tiene relación con explicitar esta dimensión en procedimientos, instancias y recursos que permitan una positiva integración de este tipo de estudiantes, para asegurar el logro de sus aprendizajes integrales
Discursos mediáticos sobre las violencias hacia los edificios escolares
Authors: Saez Virginia
Published: December 2016

El artículo presenta los hallazgos de una investigación socioeducativa sobre los discursos mediáticos. El objetivo consistió en analizar las principales características de las prácticas discursivas de la mediatización de las violencias hacia los edificios escolares. Se basa en el análisis cualitativo de una muestra de tres mil quinientas ochenta y una notas de los diarios de la ciudad de La Plata, en el período 1993-2011. La fuente de datos fue secundaria y se realizó una muestra finalística, en la que se seleccionaron las notas que aportaran información de interés en relación con el objetivo estipulado. El método utilizado fue el análisis socioeducativo del discurso. Entre los principales resultados se encuentra que las violencias hacia los edificios escolares quedan asociadas a una práctica expresiva que hace responsable a los jóvenes. Estas redes semánticas invisiblizan la complejidad de la condición juvenil y a las escuelas como instituciones formadoras. Esta investigación amplía la base empírica para pensar y discutir la dificultad de la representación de la escuela y de sus actores en los medios de comunicación, y cómo a través de los sentidos implícitos se construyen ciertos sujetos como amenazantes. Se hace pertinente aclarar que estos análisis tienen como limitación que se abordó el estudio desde la prensa provincial y cabría preguntarse si las lógicas periodísticas se modificarían en la prensa nacional. Es un aporte sustantivo al ser considerado en el plan de estudios para la educación y alfabetización mediática destinado a docentes.
Integración de recursos audiovisuales y multimedia como objetos de aprendizaje en escuelas públicas de Costa Rica con acceso a computadoras XO
Authors: Mena Araya Aáron
Published: December 2016

El Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica y la Fundación Quirós Tanzi implementan desde el 2012 el Proyecto Conectándonos, a través del cual distribuyen computadoras XO a escuelas primarias en un modelo uno a uno. La información disponible sobre la forma en que las personas docentes integran los recursos audiovisuales y multimedia a las actividades de aprendizaje mediadas con las computadoras XO es limitada. Con el objetivo de conocer si las computadoras XO han facilitado la utilización de objetos de aprendizaje, y de obtener insumos para el diseño de recursos audiovisuales y multimedia que puedan ser aprovechados en las escuelas del Proyecto, se aplicó una encuesta a 186 personas vinculadas al Proyecto Conectándonos. Fue posible determinar que 82.7 % de las personas docentes emplean las computadoras XO en clase al menos una vez a la semana y  que las asignaturas en las que menos se usan son inglés y matemática. Asimismo, se determinó que el profesorado utiliza regularmente recursos audiovisuales y multimedia, pero en la mayoría de los casos estos no son aprovechados como objetos de aprendizaje. Esto significa que los recursos no son manipulados, modificados ni creados por el cuerpo estudiantil. Este documento presenta los resultados de la encuesta, elabora sobre la construcción conceptual de objeto de aprendizaje y sugiere el proceso de investigación, diseño y producción de dos paquetes de recursos audiovisuales y multimedia, para ser empleados como objetos de aprendizaje en las asignaturas de matemática e inglés, aprovechando las posibilidades del modelo uno a uno de las escuelas del Proyecto Conectándonos.
Efecto de la cultura organizativa en la innovación:Un estudio empírico
Authors: Vargas-Halabí Tomas , Mora-Esquivel Ronald
Published: December 2016

El estudio evaluó la contribución directa e indirecta de rasgos de cultura organizativa en el desempeño innovador (DI). Para ello, se generó y validó una escala para medir el DI y se adaptó y validó la escala de D.O.C.S., aplicadas a 445 profesionales matriculados en programas de maestrías del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica que ocupaban cargos de supervisión y gerencia en empresas manufactureras, comerciales y de servicios radicadas en Costa Rica. En el análisis de los datos se empleó el modelaje de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) con constructos latentes. Se utilizó máxima verosimilitud con el programa EQS 6.3 para estimar estadísticos robustos. También, se corroboraron los resultados mediante análisis de sendero al utilizar puntajes escalares ajustados con confiabilidad y al hacer uso de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios con Process 2.13. El estudio mostró la influencia positiva de la dimensión cultural Misión en la dimensión Adaptación y esta, a su vez, en el DI. Se corroboró el efecto supresor de la dimensión cultural proclive a la eficiencia (Consistencia) en el DI. Contrario a lo esperado, la dimensión cultural Involucramiento no tuvo un efecto mediador ni directo en el DI.
Probabilidad de corrección súbita de cuenta corriente para costa rica: un enfoque de análisis de supervivencia
Authors: León Murillo Jorge , Méndez-Chacón Esteban
Published: December 2016

Mediante un modelo de análisis de supervivencia con datos de panel, se realiza un análisis exploratorio para la estimación de la probabilidad de correcciones súbitas en la cuenta corriente costarricense. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la probabilidad de reversión de cuenta corriente disminuye cuando: i) se incrementa el crecimiento real para los siguientes cinco años; ii) mejora la situación externa de países considerados similares; iii) aumenta la tasa de dependencia económica; iv) el porcentaje del PIB mundial con el que se han ratificado acuerdos comerciales se incrementa; v) la acumulación de reservas monetarias se acelera; y vi) el marco institucional se vuelve más democrático. Por otra parte, una mayor productividad total de los factores en los cinco años siguientes incrementa la probabilidad de reversión de cuenta corriente. El efecto del control de capitales sobre la probabilidad mostró un comportamiento ambiguo. El análisis se realiza para 116 países con datos anuales de 1981 a 2012.
Contra el Estado: Masonería, Sociedades Patrióticas e Inquisición en la Nueva España entre la Revolución Francesa y la Revolución de Independencia
Authors: Aragón Rogelio
Published: December 2016

Durante el período comprendido entre la Revolución Francesa y la Revolución de Independencia, la Inquisición procesó activamente no solo a aquellos que iban en contra de la ortodoxia católica, sino también a aquellos que se expresaban en contra de la monarquía y el gobierno. Entre estos últimos, se encontraban muchos masones y miembros de sociedades patrióticas organizadas a semejanza de la masonería.
Historia de la pocomía en Limón (Costa Rica) y Bocas del Toro (Panamá). De finales del siglo XIX a la actualidad
Authors: Alvarado Luna Axel
Published: December 2016

La historia de la ciudad de Limón es totalmente diferente a la historia de Costa Rica. Su origen cultural, económico, étnico y hasta urbanístico marcan una diferencia tan grande que incluso se podría hablar de un país dentro de otro país. Una de las causas que marcaron esa diferencia fue la construcción de un verdadero mega proyecto, nos referimos al ferrocarril que uniría la capital con el Caribe. Trabajaron en la construcción italianos, chinos, centroamericanos, coolies de la India, negros caribeños que en su gran mayoría eran jamaiquinos y uno que otro aventurero del valle central. Limón se convirtió en el asentamiento de culturas y tradiciones diferentes al resto del país. Se pretende entonces hacer un estudio de uno de los credos religiosos ampliamente difundido en el Caribe y en lugares del continente americano donde llegaron inmigrantes jamaiquinos, nos referimos a la pocomía.