bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disentangling Criminal Profiling
Authors: Kocsis Richard N. , Palermo George B.
Published: December 2013

The scholarly literature over the past decade has chronicled a growing problem in the forensic technique colloquially called criminal profiling. The basis of this conundrum appears to originate from a concept referred to as “ offender homology,” which presumes an inherent uniformity among offenders that is believed to underpin the analytic process incumbent to criminal profiling. Studies thus far conducted have apparently struggled to find evidence of offender homology, and based upon these findings arguments have been promulgated that various approaches to criminal profiling imputably labeled as “ trait-based” are therefore not viable. Indirectly contradicting these arguments, however, have been studies testing profiler accuracy that have found evidence of individuals who appear to use trait-based methods but can nonetheless proficiently predict the characteristics of unknown offenders. Against this backdrop, the present article examines a number of tenets and disjunctions that appear to have arisen from research into offender homology and imputed to the practices of so-called trait-based profiling. The notion of whether trait-based profiling is, in fact, representative of profiling methods is examined and an integrative hypothesis proposed that attempts to resolve the quandary between offender homology and profiler accuracy.
Interlocking Turnover Continua and the Structure of Capital
Authors: Saros Daniel E.
Published: December 2013

This article further develops the notion of a turnover continuum so as to better comprehend the logical structure of Capital. The concept is modified to include surplus value and the interconnectedness of multiple industries. By bringing together the value of labor-power, the monetary expression of labor time, and socially necessary abstract labor time within a single analytical framework, the approach sheds light on the logic of Marx’s theoretical structure.
Cone calorimeter and room corner fire testing of balsa wood core/phenolic composite skin sandwich panels
Authors: Morgan Alexander B. , Toubia Elias
Published: December 2013

Polymer composite sandwich core panels are of interest for lightweight construction and portable shelter use. In this article, material selection and construction design were considered for an application which required a high level of fire safety performance. Phenolic + fiberglass skin composites with balsa wood core sandwich panels were constructed and first screened for fire performance with the cone calorimeter (ASTM E1354) at different heat fluxes. From these data, fire testing in the room corner test (ISO 9705) was conducted. The results indicated that these composites could only pass the room corner test if an aluminum skin was used to provide some additional fire protection to the underlying composite. Furthermore, it was found that cone calorimeter testing at very high heat flux (100 kW/m2) was not always indicative of fire performance in the room corner test. How the aluminum skin was mechanically attached to the panel as well as underlying composite construction played an important role in the full-scale fire test results.
In vivo antinociceptive and anticonvulsant activity of extracts of Heliotropium strigosum
Authors: Khan Haroon , Khan Murad Ali , Hussain Sajid , Gaffar Rukhsana , Ashraf Nadeem
Published: December 2013

Natural healing agents are primarily focused to overcome unwanted side effects with synthetic drugs worldwide. In the proposed study, crude extracts and subsequent solvent fractions of Heliotropium strigosum were evaluated for antinociceptive and anticonvulsant activity in animal paradigms. In post acetic acid-induced writhing test, crude extract and fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous) demonstrated marked attenuation of nociception at test doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg i.p.). When challenged against thermally induced pain model, pretreatment of extracts exhibited prominent amelioration at test dose (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg i.p.). In both tests, inhibition of noxious stimulation was in a dose-dependent manner, and ethyl acetate fraction was most dominant. However, extracts did not antagonize the seizures and mortality induced by pentylenetetrazole. In conclusion, the extracts of H. strigosum illustrated significant antinociceptive effect in both centrally and peripherally acting pain models.
Cognitive and Reading Profiles of Two Samples of Canadian First Nations Children
Authors: Janzen Troy M. , Saklofske Donald H. , Das J. P.
Published: December 2013

Two Canadian First Nations samples of Grades 3 and 4 children were assessed for cognitive processing, word reading, and phonological awareness skills. Both groups were from Plains Cree rural reservations in different provinces. The two groups showed significant differences on several key cognitive variables although there were more similarities than differences. Groups, separately and combined, showed a significant relationship between decoding, phonological awareness variables, word decoding, and successive processing that has also been observed among children from the mainstream culture. In general, the cognitive processing, reading, and reading subskills of First Nations children are, on average, below the norms for these measures. The findings are discussed in terms of reading disability identification practices from a Discrepancy Model and the Consistency–Discrepancy Model using PASS (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive) theory among First Nations children.
Acute Psychosis in Propionic Acidemia
Authors: Bâtie C. Dejean de la , Barbier V. , Valayannopoulos V. , Touati G. , Maltret A. , Brassier A. , Arnoux J. B. , Grévent D. , Chadefaux B. , Ottolenghi C. , Canouï P. , Lonlay P. de
Published: December 2013

Propionic acidemia is an inborn deficiency of propionyl–coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase activity, which leads to mitochondrial accumulation of propionyl-CoA and its by-products. Neurologic complications are frequent, but only a few cases presenting with psychiatric symptoms have been reported so far. We report 2 cases of children with chronic psychiatric symptoms who presented with an acute psychotic episode as teenagers. Both patients had hallucinations, panic and grossly disorganized behavior, for several weeks to several months. They had signs of moderate metabolic decompensation at the beginning of the episode, although the psychiatric symptoms lasted longer than the metabolic imbalance. We propose that these episodes were at least partially imputable to propionic acidemia. Such episodes require psychiatric examination and antipsychotic treatment, which may have to be adapted in case of cardiomyopathy or long QT syndrome.
Cerebral Hemodynamic Changes and Pain Perception During Venipuncture
Authors: Beken Serdar , Hirfanoğlu İbrahim Murat , Gücüyener Kıvılcım , Ergenekon Ebru , Turan Özden , Ünal Sezin , Altuntaş Nilgün , Kazancı Ebru , Kulalı Ferit , Türkyılmaz Canan , Atalay Yıldız
Published: December 2013

Newborns are exposed to a considerable number of painful stimuli. This study is aimed to investigate the effects of 30% glucose solution and nonnutritive sucking on pain perception during venipuncture. Twenty-five term infants were randomized as receiving 30% dextrose (group 1) or sterile water (group 2). Neonatal Infant Pain Scale scores, skin conductance algesimeter recordings, and near-infrared spectroscopy measurements were recorded during the procedure. Neonatal Infant Pain Scale and skin conductance algesimeter results were decreased in both groups from that during venipuncture to after the procedure. Group 1 had lower Neonatal Infant Pain Scale scores compared with group 2 after venipuncture, different from the skin conductance algesimeter, where no difference was observed between groups. In group 1, cerebral blood volume increased after venipuncture. Glucose does not attenuate the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale score and skin conductance algesimeter index during venipuncture, but it leads to a lower Neonatal Infant Pain Scale score after venipuncture unlike the skin conductance algesimeter index, which was not lowered.
Orienting Responses to Various Visual Stimuli in Children With Visual Processing Impairments or Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome
Authors: Pel J. J. M. , Kooiker M. J. G. , van der Does J. M. E. , Boot F. H. , de Faber J. T. , van der Steen-Kant S. P. , van der Steen J.
Published: December 2013

Quantification of orienting responses can be used to differentiate between children with cerebral visual impairment and infantile nystagmus syndrome. To further improve the sensitivity of this method, we compared orienting responses to a Cartoon stimulus, which contains all sorts of visual information, to stimuli that contain only Contrast, Form coherence, Motion coherence, Color and Motion detection. The stimuli were shown on an eye tracker monitor using a preferential looking paradigm. We found that both groups of children showed general slowing in orienting responses compared to controls. The children with cerebral visual impairment had significantly prolonged responses to Cartoon compared to the children with nystagmus, whereas the children with nystagmus had prolonged responses to Motion detection and larger fixation areas. Previously reported differences in orienting responses to Cartoon were replicated. Application of specific visual information did not alter the sensitivity of the method to distinguish between children with visual processing deficits.
Ethical Challenges in Assisted Reproduction
Authors: Whetstine Leslie M.
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and identify the relevant moral questions it raises. In the course of this discussion, the scope of parental rights and the inherent difficulty in defining disease/disability will be considered.
Best Practices for Determining Resting Energy Expenditure in Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Schlein Kirsten Martine , Coulter Sarah Peskoe
Published: December 2013

Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard for measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) in the critically ill patient. The use of predictive equations to develop nutrition regimens can be problematic in the critical care setting, because the effects that disease, injury, and stress have on REE are often varied and unpredictable. IC testing ensures that the specific conditions of the critically ill patient are taken into account, thereby preventing potential complications from over‐ and underfeeding. The clinical indications for and appropriate applications of IC testing are discussed. In addition, 3 case studies are presented that highlight the application of IC. The clinician can face numerous obstacles in implementing IC testing, including lack of equipment, staff shortages, and lack of knowledge regarding application and interpretation of the IC study. Recommendations for addressing these challenges are discussed. In addition, guidelines on ordering and interpreting the IC study are provided. Best practices for predictive equations in critically and acutely ill patients are also presented, since IC testing is not feasible in certain situations. Given the importance of predicting REE in the critically ill patient, it is paramount that more healthcare professionals incorporate IC testing into practice. A multidisciplinary approach is helpful in developing a well‐established clinical practice. Nutrition support clinicians can promote optimal nutrition management by being well‐informed and able to provide evidence‐based recommendations for the use of IC.
Collectivity, human fulfilment and the ‘force of life’
Authors: Swanson Gillian
Published: December 2013

The article traces the origination of the psychological concept of the ‘herd instinct’, popularized by British surgeon Wilfred Trotter, locating this in a distinctive moment of dialogue between the natural and human sciences. It challenges the incorrect association of Trotter’s model with the crowd theory of Gustave Le Bon and negative commentaries on mass culture. In contrast, it shows that Trotter’s model rests on imitation and suggestion not as the sign of a derogated culture but as the ground of associated life, with altruism as its highest expression. His argument that individuals possessed an inherent capacity for association and a disposition to act in the interests of the social group was designed to challenge the hierarchical models of Social Darwinism. Instead, he highlighted the evolutionary importance of variability and innovation and proposed a horizontal model of cooperation as the basis of adaptation. Trotter’s narrative of human potential pre-dated and informed Freud’s own collective psychology, as well as providing an influential challenge to his theory of repression. The widespread take-up of Trotter’s model of the herd instinct in the context of futures thinking, forming the basis of an egalitarian approach to governance that proposed human fulfilment and social progress as complementary aims, supports the article’s argument that psychological approaches to collectivity were well established prior to the First World War rather than formed in response to it, and that these were embedded within social thinking across the political spectrum, rather than derived for instrumentally conservative purposes.
The effect of an organophosphonite antioxidant on poly(ether ether ketone)/poly(ether imide) blend as studied by quasi-isothermal modulated differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis methods
Authors: Ramani R. , Alam S.
Published: December 2013

In the present study, the effect of P-EPQ, an organophosphonite antioxidant, on the glass transition and the viscoelastic behavior of optimized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK)/poly(ether imide) (PEI; PEEK/PEI: 50/50) blend has been reported. For this, P-EPQ was added in various proportions to the PEEK/PEI blend and was studied by quasi-isothermal modulated differential scanning calorimetry (Qi-MDSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) methods. The Qi-MDSC results clearly indicate a significant decrease in the glass transition temperature of the blend up to 1 wt% P-EPQ addition. The DMTA measurements revealed a decrease in tan δ peak temperature upon antioxidant addition in agreement with calorimetric results. The shift factors obtained using the time–temperature superposition of DMTA data exhibit Williams–Landel–Ferry behavior, and the fractional free volume of the blend increases with increase in antioxidant addition (up to 1 wt%). The “master curve” of storage modulus predicts high modulus for the blend with 1 wt% antioxidant, revealing its suitability for high-impact applications.
Effect of copolymer concentration on the structure and permeability of temperature-sensitive poly(vinylidene fluoride) hollow fiber membrane
Authors: Shen Xiang , Ding Wenbin , Zhao Yiping , Chen Li
Published: December 2013

Temperature-sensitive poly(vinylidene fluoride)-grafted-poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) (PVDF- g-PNIPAAm) copolymer hollow fiber membrane was fabricated by dry–wet spinning technique using N,N-dimethyl formamide as solvent and poly(ethylene glycol) as pore-making agent, respectively. The effect of PVDF- g-PNIPAAm copolymer concentration in the spinning solution on the structure and performance of resultant fiber membranes were investigated by field-emission scanning electronic microscopy, pore size measurements, mechanical tests, and filtration experiments. It was found that the microvoid in the inner cross-section of hollow fiber membrane changed to a finger-like structure with the increase of copolymer concentration from 16 to 20%. The increasing copolymer concentration also led to the increase of the inner diameter, outer diameter, and wall thickness and the decrease of mean pore size and porosity. When the permeation temperature was increased from 20 to 45°C, a remarkable reduction of pure water flux and a drastic increase of the retention of bovine serum albumin were observed around 32°C, indicating an obvious temperature-sensitive permeability.
Micro-scale numerical simulation on metal contact seal
Authors: Man Jingyu , Zhou Qiong , Tao Zongjie , Zhang Yi , An Qi
Published: December 2013

Metal contact seals are widely used in mechanical equipment, and such sealing performance is directly influenced by the interfacial micro-contact state. In this paper, the surfaces with random roughness are simulated by an exponential autocorrelation function and root-mean-square roughness. The model of metal surface micro-contact is established. The influences of the external loads on the interfacial separation, contact area and maximum interfacial stress are investigated by means of Hertz contact theory. Calculations and investigations are carried out for a concrete sealing interface. The variations of the interfacial separation, contact area and interfacial stress with the external applied loads are investigated with the two surfaces of the same and different root-mean-square roughness, respectively. Meanwhile, the concrete variation curves are obtained. Furthermore, the obtained variation curves are analysed in detail.
A new type of hydraulic cylinder system controlled by the new-type hydraulic transformer
Authors: Shen Wei , Jiang Jihai , Su Xiaoyu , Karimi Hamid Reza
Published: December 2013

In order to enhance the efficiency of the hydraulic system, one new-type hydraulic transformer is presented in this paper. First, the basic structure and the principle of the new-type hydraulic transformer are explained. Then, the mathematical models including both the inner and outer loops are analyzed. Moreover, two kinds of control methods are discussed corresponding to the two loops, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed strategies are translated into the simulation languages, and the simulation is made in Simulink. Finally, the prototypes of new-type hydraulic transformer and the test rig are constructed to test the performance. Both the simulated and experimental results show that the new-type hydraulic transformer can be used in the practical condition, and the proposed control algorithm is suitable.
Sandwiched hollow sphere structures: A study of ballistic impact behavior using numerical simulation
Authors: Fu Yibin , Zhou Jun , Gao Xiaosheng
Published: December 2013

Sandwiched hollow sphere structure may have the potential to provide better ballistic impact protection as compared with monolithic plate based on the same weight and impact area. In the previous study of a sandwiched hollow sphere structure by the authors, a novel unit cell was created as a basic building unit of the structure, the tumbling effect was observed for significant impact energy absorption, and the existence of an optimal yield stress or hardness was proved for maximizing the impact energy absorption. However, the impact energy absorption ability of the sandwiched hollow sphere structure may also relate to many other factors. In this study, the diameter relation between the incoming projectile and the spheres in the sandwich core, the projectile initial impact velocity, and the sphere arrangement in the sandwich core are examined. It is revealed that the first layer sphere diameter should be comparable to the diameter of the incoming projectile, the diameter of spheres in different layers in one sandwich core should either decrease or increase monotonically, and there exists a critical impacting speed, at which the sandwiched sphere structure is most effective for impact energy absorption, etc. All these findings make the sandwiched hollow sphere structure a promising new member to the passive armor family.
The application of sinusoidal blade-leading edges in a fan-design methodology to improve stall resistance
Authors: Corsini Alessandro , Delibra Giovanni , Sheard Anthony G
Published: December 2013

Taking inspiration from previous biomimetic studies on the performance of humpback whale flippers, this paper reports a programme of work to design a ‘whale-fan’ that incorporates a sinusoidal leading-edge blade profile that mimics the tubercles on humpback whales flippers. Previous researchers have used two-dimensional cascades of aerofoils to study the effects of a sinusoidal profile on aerofoil lift and drag performance. The research was primarily concerned with elucidating the fluid-flow mechanisms induced by the sinusoidal profile and the impact of those mechanisms on aerofoil performance. The results indicate that a sinusoidal leading-edge profile has improved lift recovery post-stall and, thus, is inherently more aerodynamically resistant to the effect of stall.

The reported research focuses on the application of previous research conducted with infinite span cascades of aerofoils to the design and optimisation of a finite span aerofoil. The paper presents the assumptions when developing a three-dimensional aerofoil-design methodology that correlates the sinusoidal profile of the blade-leading edge with the desired vorticity distribution at the trailing edge. The authors apply the developed methodology to the design of a fan blade’s tip region to control separation at the trailing edge. The paper presents numerically derived whale-fan performance characteristics and compares them with both numerically and experimentally derived performance characteristics of the baseline fan.
Prediction of pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient in helically grooved heat exchanger tubes using large eddy simulation
Authors: Hernádi Zoltán , Kristóf Gergely
Published: December 2013

Geometry of internally grooved tubes plays a significant role in the performance of heat exchangers. Although there are extensive databases of measurement data for some grooved tubes, it is generally challenging to predict the performance of nonexisting groove shapes. A computational fluid dynamics model based on wall-resolved large eddy simulation of turbulent pipe flow with heat transfer is proposed by using OpenFOAM simulation environment. Fully developed turbulence was simulated by solving the 3D unsteady Navier–Stokes equation in streamwise periodic variables. Simulations for a smooth pipe and a helically grooved tube were carried out at Re = 10,000 to 20,000. Mesh dependency study was performed. Simulation methodology was validated by collating simulated results with literature data and own measurements. The proposed model proved to be accurately predictive: 3.2% to 4.2% difference was found between simulations and measurements. The major novelties of this paper are the introduction of large eddy simulation technique in a new application area, validation for single-phase flow in the given Reynolds number regime, and guidelines for future modellers. This methodology can be used for optimizing parameters of future heat exchanger systems leading to more compact size and better performance.
Sub sea surface temperatures in the Polar North Atlantic during the Holocene: Planktic foraminiferal Mg/Ca temperature reconstructions
Authors: Aagaard-Sørensen Steffen , Husum Katrine , Hald Morten , Marchitto Thomas , Godtliebsen Fred
Published: December 2013

Holocene sea surface temperatures in the eastern Fram Strait are reconstructed based on Mg/Ca ratios measured on the planktic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin). The reconstructed sub sea surface temperatures (sSSTMg/Ca) fluctuate markedly during the earliest Holocene at ~11.7 and 10.5 kyr BP. This is probably in response to the varying presence of sea-ice and deglacial meltwater. Between ~10.5–7.9 kyr BP, the sSSTMg/Ca values are relatively high (~4°C) and more stable reflecting high insolation and intensified poleward advection of Atlantic Water. After 7.9 kyr BP, the sSSTMg/Ca values decline to an average of ~3°C throughout the mid-Holocene. These changes can be attributed to a combined effect of reduced poleward oceanic heat advection and a decline in insolation as well as a gradually increased influence of eastward migrating Arctic Water. The sSSTMg/Ca values increase and vary between 2.1°C and 5.8°C from ~2.7 kyr BP to the present. This warming is in contrast to declining late-Holocene insolation and may instead be explained by factors including increased advection of oceanic heat to the Arctic region possibly insulated beneath a widening freshwater layer in the northern North Atlantic in conjunction with a shift in calcification season and/or depth habitat of N. pachyderma (sin).
Vegetation history, agricultural intensification, and changes in wood-resource utilization in ancient Southwest Korea (1500 bc–ad 700)
Authors: Kim Minkoo , Park Jungjae
Published: December 2013

An overview is presented of the analysis of wood remains at 11 archaeological sites in the southwestern region of the Korean Peninsula, and the results are used to shed light on the changes in wood-resource selection around the villages over the periods of c. 1500–300 bc and ad 1–700. Pollen research on swamps of the region has previously revealed that oak ( Quercus), alder ( Alnus), and pine ( Pinus) were the major woodland components, and that pine became increasingly prevalent after c. 1500 bc under the influence of agricultural expansion and climatic changes. Agricultural activities are represented by the dominance of grasses (Poaceae) in the pollen records. The wood collection underwent changes over time but not in direct response to the regional vegetation change. Wood was not randomly collected during the Mumun Period ( c. 1500–300 bc), with oak being preferentially selected despite the increasing dominance of pine. Chestnut tree ( Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc.) was routinely used during and after the Proto-Three-Kingdoms Period ( c.ad 1–300) and was used almost exclusively at some sites. Such abundance suggests that the site occupants managed the neighboring forests and promoted the propagation of chestnut trees. Pinewood rarely appears in the retrieved samples, which suggests that the versatile use of pinewood is a relatively recent tradition in the Holocene history.
Africa 2050
Authors: Ahlers Theodore , Kohli Harinder S. , Sood Anil
Published: December 2013

This article offers a vision of what Africa could be in 2050. In such a scenario, average per capita income would increase six-fold, an additional 1.4 billion Africans would join the middleclass, the number of poor would shrink to fewer than 50 million, and Africa’s share of global gross domestic product (GDP) would triple. For people, the biggest change would be better, less vulnerable jobs with higher productivity; for economies, dramatic productivity increases driven by private sector investment, diversification, and more competition; and for the continent, better integrated sub-regions and relations with the world based on trade and investment rather than aid. In the face of a multi-polar global economy, aging and population growth, increased competition for natural resources, rapid innovation, climate change, urbanization, and natural resource wealth, Africa needs to manage the risk of fragility and conflict, inequality, and the middle-income trap to achieve such a vision.
Attaining the 2050 Vision for Africa
Authors: Fredriksen Birger , Kagia Ruth
Published: December 2013

This article discusses the imperative of a major scaling up of human capital in Africa as a prerequisite for economic transformation. Sustained economic growth cannot be driven by improved macroeconomic policies, greater political stability, improved business climate, and growing global interest in Africa (primarily driven by commodities) alone. This article presents a vision of 2050 in which more African students enroll and complete school, African universities are leading global research centers of excellence, and Africans would be healthier and living longer as a result of better nutrition and healthcare, higher incomes, and drastically reduced poverty. It highlights the opportunities and challenges that African countries face in making what would amount to a quantum leap in raising levels of human capital and outlines some promising approaches toward achieving that objective.
Poverty and Inequality
Authors: Ayub Mahmood
Published: December 2013

Despite economic growth, a large number of Africans continue to live in poverty and experiences high levels of income and opportunity inequality. Not only does inequality dampen the poverty reduction impact of growth, lower the growth rate, hollow out the middle class, encourage corruption and rent seeking, increase crime and violence, and undermine social stability, but it also precludes sustained growth. Access to education, power supply, health services, and water and sanitation are critical to improve the lives of all Africans, especially girls and those in rural areas. In this area, public spending and government transfers can only go so far—the voice of Africa’s poorest citizens needs to be heard by policymakers. While maintaining central government oversights, appropriate steps should be taken to increase participation of the beneficiaries of public services.
Competitiveness, Productivity, and Growth
Authors: Sood Anil , Basu Anupam
Published: December 2013

African economies face two challenges in the future: weathering possible downturns in demand and prices of commodities; and creating a large number of jobs for the continent’s booming working-age population. High global demand for the continent’s natural resources, macroeconomic reform, foreign aid inflows, and concessional debt relief have helped African economies grow and ride out the financial crisis, but growth remains vulnerable. To continue to develop, African economies need to turn to high-productivity, job-intensive activities such as agro-processing, manufacturing, and services. Exports need to increase, and the private sector needs to be stimulated by, among other things, curbing anti-competitive behavior, improving infrastructure and financial services, and reducing the burden of regulatory requirements. Investing in education, technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship is key to realizing gains in productivity and competitiveness.
The Politics of Race and Voter ID Laws in the States
Authors: Rocha Rene R. , Matsubayashi Tetsuya
Published: December 2013

Does partisan and racial context have an effect on the likelihood that states will adopt stringent requirements for voting? Our duration analysis shows that Republican governments increase the likelihood that a new law requiring citizens to have a photo ID to vote will be passed. This effect is weakened by minority group size. We then examine whether the adoption of voter ID regulations affects turnout across racial groups. Our analysis, using state-level data and the Current Population Survey (CPS) November Supplement File (NSF) for 1980 to 2010, offers little evidence for the belief that minority turnout is uniquely affected by voter ID regulations.
Family Functioning, Coping, and Distress in Families With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Crowe Allison , Lyness Kevin P.
Published: December 2013

It is well documented that mental illness impacts not only the person diagnosed but also the family; however, not much is known about family functioning, coping, and distress in the family of the person with the mental illness. Utilizing online surveys of members of the National Alliance on Mental Illness, the following study explored these factors in families with at least one person diagnosed with a mental illness, in order to get a closer look at how counselors and family therapists might assist these families’ unique needs. Family variables such as coping style, family functioning, and distress were tested. Other factors such as race/ethnicity, type and severity of mental illness, time and energy spent caregiving, emotional closeness, and amount of and satisfaction with mental health treatment were examined. Relationships among coping, stress and functioning were found, and meditational models were explored. A key finding was the importance of passive appraisal coping to positive family communication, functioning, and satisfaction. Families with higher levels of distress were less likely to report better family functioning, communication, or satisfaction. Mental health treatment satisfaction was related to higher levels of family support and reframing coping and lower levels of overall distress, which were then linked to more balanced family flexibility and higher family satisfaction.
An Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Protocol Readiness Model
Authors: Daire Andrew P. , Carlson Ryan G. , Barden Sejal M. , Jacobson Lamerial
Published: December 2013

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread, pervasive issue that affects heterosexual and same-sex relationships. However, IPV is largely underreported, and many counselors do not formally assess for relationship violence. Additionally, counselors typically do not have a plan to manage disclosures of violence when they occur. We present an IPV Protocol Readiness Model that helps counselors determine their readiness to assess for IPV as well as manage disclosures. Additionally, we present a questionnaire intended to provide guidance for counselors regarding organizational and community factors important to the success of an IPV protocol. Finally, we discuss practical applications and suggestions for further research.
Using Existential Themes in Couples Counseling
Authors: Jacob Charles J. , McMonigle Mary Ellen , Metzger Natasha
Published: December 2013

This article demonstrates the use of existential themes in couples counseling. Existential theory in understanding the etiology and maintenance of problem behavior in couples is discussed, with particular focus on using existential themes as a motivation for behavior change. A case example is used to illustrate the importance of helping couples to understand both the subjectivity of experience and responsibility as an ultimate concern in the process of change.
Examining Social Class and Work Meaning Within the Psychology of Working Framework
Authors: Allan Blake A. , Autin Kelsey L. , Duffy Ryan D.
Published: December 2013

In this article, we used the psychology of working framework to examine how social class relates to the experience of meaningful work with two samples of working adults. In Study 1, participants in higher social classes were more likely to experience work meaning than people in lower social classes. Regardless of class, participants reported serving others or contributing to the greater good as the primary source of their work’s meaning. In Study 2, we used a latent, multiple mediator model to test whether the three components of work volition mediated the relation between social class and work meaning. The model was a good fit to the data and partially supported our hypotheses. Specifically, volition and financial constraints fully mediated the relation between social class and work meaning, suggesting that social class may be linked to work meaning due to increased volition and decreased financial constraints.
Career Indecisiveness of Turkish High School Students:
Authors: Öztemel Kemal
Published: December 2013

Career indecisiveness involves more pervasive, severe, and chronic difficulties in making career decisions and focuses on deeper personality roots as well as cognitive origin. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between career indecisiveness on one hand and self-esteem, personal indecisiveness, and five-factor personality characteristics on the other. As hypothesized, the career indecisiveness was higher in 545 Turkish high school students who had not yet decided on a profession than that of decided individuals. Also, the results showed that emotional and personality-related career decision-making difficulties are positively related to self-esteem, exploratory and impetuous indecisiveness, and neuroticism, while being negatively related to extroversion and conscientiousness. In addition, female experienced more career indecisiveness. Based on the result of the multiple regression analysis, exploratory indecisiveness was the most significant contributory factor to career indecisiveness for female and male.
Profiling the Multiple Role Planning Attitudes of College Women
Authors: Lopez Frederick G. , McDermott Ryon C. , Fons-Scheyd Alia L.
Published: December 2013

We conducted a latent profile analysis of scores on a measure of multiple role planning attitudes obtained from an ethnically diverse sample of undergraduate women (age range: 18–29 years) to determine whether clusters of participants with distinct profiles of these attitudes were identifiable and whether these groups differed with respect to their educational level, relationship commitment status, and in their responses to independent measures of their relationship dispositions and orientations. Findings yielded support for the presence of three groups representing varying patterns of attitudinal investment in multiple role planning. Relative to their peers in the other two classes, women in the “actively engaged” group demonstrated significantly lower levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance, higher scores on relational interdependence, and stronger dispositions toward healthy self-assertion. Implications of these findings for both future research and for interventions designed to promote adaptive multiple role planning attitudes are discussed.
Perceptions of Similarity and Responsibility Attributions to an Acquaintance Sexual Assault Victim
Authors: Amacker Amanda M. , Littleton Heather L.
Published: December 2013

Individuals view similar rape victims as less responsible for the rape than victims perceived as dissimilar. However, it is unclear if individuals hold victims they perceive as similar less responsible for the assault, or if individuals view themselves as more similar to victims they do not view as responsible for the assault. The current study, therefore, examined the temporal relationship between these constructs. A total of 167 college women listened to a date narrative that ended in sexual assault, consensual sex, or no sexual activity (these last two served as controls). Results supported that participants viewed themselves as less similar to the woman in the narrative when the date ended in sexual assault. Only similarity ratings made following learning that the woman was sexually assaulted predicted responsibility attributions suggesting that viewing a victim as responsible for the assault results in decreased perceptions of similarity toward her. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Pain Management Strategies for Thoracotomy and Thoracic Pain Syndromes
Authors: Bottiger Brandi A. , Esper Stephen A. , Stafford-Smith Mark
Published: December 2013

Pain after thoracic surgery can be severe and, in the acute phase, contribute to perioperative morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, patients also incur a significant risk of chronic pain. Although there are guidelines for postoperative pain management in these patients, there is no widespread surgical or anesthetic “best practice.” Here, we review the recent literature on techniques specific to perioperative pain control for thoracic patients, including medical management, neuraxial blockade, and other regional techniques, and suggest an algorithm for developing a multimodal pain management strategy.
Illegitimate Customer Complaining Behavior in Hospitality Service Encounters
Authors: Huang Zhuowei (Joy) , Miao Li
Published: December 2013

This study explored frontline employees’ perceptions of and responses to illegitimate customer complaining behavior (ICCB) in hospitality business settings. In-depth interviews were conducted with frontline employees who had firsthand experiences with ICCB. Analysis of data revealed three types of illegitimate complainants as perceived by frontline employees: opportunistic plotters, repetitive grumblers, and occasional tyrants. In addition, some unique patterns of employees’ responses to ICCB were identified, including the double-whammy effect of ICCB on employees’ evaluative and emotional responses, emotional paradox, learned helplessness, and process-focused coping. Based on the results, this study developed a conceptual framework with four propositions related to frontline employees’ responses to ICCB. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings were also discussed.
Psychological Characteristics of Tunisian Infertile Men
Authors: Amamou Badii , Kissi Yousri El , Hidar Samir , Bannour Souhail , Idrissi Khadija Ayoubi , Khairi Hedi , Ali Bechir Ben Hadj
Published: December 2013

Objective: To compare psychological characteristics between controls and infertile men undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the Unit of Reproductive Medicine (UMR) in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at “Farhat Hached” Hospital in Sousse, Tunisia, and controls. Study design: We conducted a case–control study of psychological profile in men with primary infertility. Recruitment was done during period from January to May 2009. A consecutive sample of 100 infertile men before fertility treatment and a control group of 100 men, who have at least one child and no known history of infertility, were constituted. Scores of general psychopathology, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem were evaluated using respectively the Symptom Check-List (SCL-90-R), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD-S), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Assessment was performed among infertile couples before starting a new infertility treatment cycle. Results: Score of psychotic symptoms (SCL-90-R) were higher among infertile men when compared to controls (.23 ± .29 vs. .11 ± .15; p < 10−3). Infertile also had higher anxiety (5.74 ± 3.65 vs. 4.14 ± 3.45; p = .002) and depression (3.65 ± 2.97 vs. 2.56 ± 2.35; p = .005) scores in HADS subscales than controls. Besides, they ranged more in cases and doubtful cases of depression and reported lower self-esteem than did controls. Conclusion: The stress associated with infertility had a negative impact on men’s psychological health. These findings emphasize the need of psychological support with medical interventions for infertility.
Magnetization transfer and adiabatic T1ρ MRI reveal abnormalities in normal-appearing white matter of subjects with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mangia Silvia , Carpenter Adam F , Tyan Andy E , Eberly Lynn E , Garwood Michael , Michaeli Shalom
Published: December 2013

Background:

Diffuse abnormalities are known to occur within the brain tissue of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients that is “normal appearing” on T1-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images.

Objectives:

With the goal of exploring the sensitivity of novel MRI parameters to detect such abnormalities, we implemented an inversion-prepared magnetization transfer (MT) protocol and adiabatic T1ρ and T2ρ rotating frame relaxation methods.

Methods:

Nine relapsing–remitting MS patients and seven healthy controls were recruited. Relaxation parameters were measured in a single slice just above the lateral ventricles and approximately parallel to the AC-PC line.

Results:

The MT ratio of regions encompassing the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) was different in MS patients as compared with controls ( p = 0.043); however, the T1 measured during off-resonance irradiation (T1sat) was substantially more sensitive than the MT ratio for detecting differences between groups ( p = 0.0006). Adiabatic T1ρ was significantly prolonged in the NAWM of MS patents as compared to controls (by 6%, p = 0.026), while no differences were found among groups for T2ρ. No differences among groups were observed in the cortical gray matter for any relaxation parameter.

Conclusions:

The results suggest degenerative processes occurring in the NAWM of MS, likely not accompanied by significant abnormalities in iron content.
Methylation differences at the HLA-DRB1 locus in CD4+ T-Cells are associated with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Graves MC , Benton M , Lea RA , Boyle M , Tajouri L , Macartney-Coxson D , Scott RJ , Lechner-Scott J
Published: December 2013

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be caused by T-cell mediated autoimmune dysfunction. Risk of developing MS is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Modifiable differences in DNA methylation are recognized as epigenetic contributors to MS risk and may provide a valuable link between environmental exposure and inherited genetic systems.

Objectives and methods:

To identify methylation changes associated with MS, we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of CD4+ T cells from 30 patients with relapsing–remitting MS and 28 healthy controls using Illumina 450K methylation arrays.

Results:

A striking differential methylation signal was observed at chr. 6p21, with a peak signal at HLA-DRB1. After prioritisation, we identified a panel of 74 CpGs associated with MS in this cohort. Most notably we found evidence of a major effect CpG island in DRB1 in MS cases ( pFDR < 3 × 10−3). In addition, we found 55 non-HLA CpGs that exhibited differential methylation, many of which localise to genes previously linked to MS.

Conclusions:

Our findings provide the first evidence for association of DNA methylation at HLA-DRB1 in relation to MS risk. Further studies are now warranted to validate and understand how these findings are involved in MS pathology.
Assessing decision quality in patient-centred care requires a preference-sensitive measure
Authors: Kaltoft Mette , Cunich Michelle , Salkeld Glenn , Dowie Jack
Published: December 2013

A theory-based instrument for measuring the quality of decisions made using any form of decision technology, including both decision-aided and unaided clinical consultations is required to enable person- and patient-centred care and to respond positively to individual heterogeneity in the value aspects of decision making. Current instruments using the term ‘decision quality’ have adopted a decision- and thus condition-specific approach. We argue that patient-centred care requires decision quality to be regarded as both preference-sensitive across multiple relevant criteria and generic across all conditions and decisions. MyDecisionQuality is grounded in prescriptive multi criteria decision analysis and employs a simple expected value algorithm to calculate a score for the quality of a decision that combines, in the clinical case, the patient’s individual preferences for eight quality criteria (expressed as importance weights) and their ratings of the decision just taken on each of these criteria (expressed as performance rates). It thus provides an index of decision quality that encompasses both these aspects. It also provides patients with help in prioritizing quality criteria for future decision making by calculating, for each criterion, the Incremental Value of Perfect Rating, that is, the increase in their decision quality score that would result if their performance rating on the criterion had been 100%, weightings unchanged. MyDecisionQuality, which is a web-based generic and preference-sensitive instrument, can constitute a key patient-reported measure of the quality of the decision-making process. It can provide the basis for future decision improvement, especially when the clinician (or other stakeholders) completes the equivalent instrument and the extent and nature of concordance and discordance can be established. Apart from its role in decision preparation and evaluation, it can also provide real time and relevant documentation for the patient’s record.