bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MHC polymorphism in the immune system
Authors: Pinatih Komang Januartha Putra , Supadmanaba I Gede Putu , Wihandani Desak Made
Published: April 2023

An antigen will be able to stimulate an immune response if the antigen has been presented and recognized by T-cells. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules are molecules that will recognize and present the peptides of the antigen. In humans, two classes of MHC are known to carry out this role, namely Class-I MHC and Class-II MHC, while Class-III MHC has a function that is not directly related to peptide binding. The genes that code for MHC molecules are so polymorphic that each individual is certain to have a different allele (heterozygous). In Class-I MHC, only the α-chain is polymorphic while in Class-II MHC both α and β-chains are polymorphic. MHC polymorphism will affect (1) the ability to create immune responses including antibody production, (2) resistance or susceptibility to infectious diseases, and (3) resistance or susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases. That is why MHC is so polymorphic. The immune system has to fight many different pathogens. By having many different MHC molecules, one can present widely different antigens and can spur an effective immune response.
Association between shear wave liver elastography and fibrosis index in chronic viral hepatitis B patients
Authors: Septian Harley , Laksminingsih Nyoman Srie , Asih Made Widhi , Widiana I Gde Raka , Mariadi I Ketut
Published: April 2023

Background: Chronic viral hepatitis B causes chronic inflammatory process, hepatocyte damage, progressive fibrosis, and irreversible liver damage, leading to high morbidity. There are two methods of diagnosing liver fibrosis, invasive (biopsy) and non-invasive, including radiological examination using the elastography method and hematological examination. This study aims to determine the relationship between the elasticity of liver parenchyma using the Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) method and fibrosis index in chronic viral hepatitis B patients.
Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study using 68 samples that met the inclusion criteria. The 2D-SWE examination was blindly performed by two observers using a convex transducer probe with frequencies ranging from 1.2 to 6 MHz. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 for Windows.
Results: In our study, there was a significant moderate positive correlation between the elasticity of liver parenchyma and the fibrosis index performed by both observers (r=0.52; p < 0.001). After controlling confounding variables, a higher correction was obtained (r=0.61), suggesting a change from moderate to strong correlation (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There was a positive and significant correlation between the elasticity of liver parenchyma and fibrosis index.
Change of ABO blood group in a patient with Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML): a case report
Authors: Sari Ni Ketut Puspa , Mulyantari Ni Kadek , Herawati Sianny , Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi , Mahartini Ni Nyoman , Wande I Nyoman
Published: April 2023

Background: ABO and Rhesus blood groups are clinically important, especially in blood transfusion. Blood groups are determined by the antigens found on the erythrocyte membrane. In patients with hematologic malignancies, especially from the myeloid lineage, changes in blood group can occur in the ABO system mainly due to weakness or loss of some ABO antigens.
Case Description: A nine-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of high fever three days before admission. The patient had been diagnosed with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia three months ago. From medical history, the patient had undergone chemotherapy and received 22 bags of PRC transfusion with blood group O (+) from February 27th until May 28th 2018. On July 21st 2018, the transfusion procedure was repeated, and the blood group showed B (+). The procedure was repeated using a new sample but the result remained the same. The crossmatch was performed with five blood groups O (+) and two blood groups B (+) showed mayor: negative, minor:+weak, AC:+weak, mayor: negative, minor:+weak, AC:+weak, respectively.
Conclusion: Changes in blood group antigens in hematologic malignancies that experience ABO antigen alternation and return to the original blood group reflect the remission from the disease. The expression of H antigen in blood groups A and B may revert to normal with an improvement from the underlying disease.
Apoliprotein C-III (Apo C-III) inhibitors effect of antisense oligonucleotides in the management of dyslipidemia
Authors: Sasmana I Gede Aswin Parisya , Rahadi Putu Nindya Krisnadewi , Devy Anggi Amanda Triana , Dewi Putu Ari Shanti , Supadmanaba I Gede Putu , Wihandani Desak Made
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is an abnormal condition of blood lipid levels with a global prevalence of 31.2% which can cause various complications including atherosclerosis that can develop into stroke. Therefore, it is necessary to develop therapeutic modalities. One of them is Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASO) which target Apo C-III, a protein that controls body fat metabolism.
Purpose: This study aims to summarize the current progress, challenges, and potency of the apoliprotein C-III (Apo C-III) inhibitors effect of antisense oligonucleotides in the management of dyslipidemia
Methods: This paper is a literature review that collects and selects data from credible sources using the keywords apoliprotein C-III, antisense oligonucleotides, and dyslipidemia
Results: Antisense Oligonucleotides have high specificity and efficiency in inhibiting Apo C-III. Administration of ASO significantly reduced Apo C-III mRNA up to 98% and Apo C-III plasma protein up to 65% in experimental animals and reduced triglycerides up to 70.9% in clinical trials. A decrease in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) of up to 69.2% was identified in the administration of ISIS 304801, spesific ASO in humans. The administration of ISIS 304801 also reduced the number of chylomicron particles as a source of cholesterol up to 61.1% and significantly increased the number of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) up to 45.7%, which represented the role of the modality as atheroprotection. Over time, an increase in the endosomal release, distribution, and half-life of ASO was achieved by modification of phosphorothioate linkages and lipid conjugation which represented an increase in ASO concentration. It also facilitates the interaction between ASO and intracellular spesific Apo C-III coding mRNA
Conclusion: Antisense oligonucleotides have great potential to inhibit Apo C-III as a treatment for dyslipidemia.
General surgery practice in Aceh rural hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Sempaty Wira Nico , MH Hasmija
Published: April 2023

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is one of the biggest issues that we have faced and has had a significant impact on healthcare practice worldwide. Increasing COVID-19 cases requires the surgical department to reorganize all the patient treatment to prevent infection. This study aims to find out the pattern of general surgery care during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the non COVID-19 period and to know better to prepare for surgical patients' treatment in the future.Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. We studied the important points of a complete range of the patient at the department of surgery outpatient, inpatient, and operation theatre of Datu Beru Hospital from 1 March 2020 to 31 December 2020 for the COVID period and 1 March 2019 to 31 December 2019 for the non-COVID period.Result: There were 2822 outpatient visits during the non-COVID period and 1949 patients during the COVID period. The total decrease in outpatient visits was 30.93% during the pandemic. Female outpatient visits are 51.25% during COVID period. There is 36.49 % reduction in total operation during pandemic. Total elective cases were 78,68% decrease over the pandemic period from 591 to 126 cases. There were 45% reduction inpatient admissions during pandemic.Conclusion: There is a reduction in number of general surgery cases during COVID-19. Some elective surgeries can still be performed with triage according to the guideline. All actions are following protocol and Personal Protection Equipment so that the safety of surgeons, staff, and patients is maintained.
Russian military aggression as a challenge for Ukraine’s agriculture
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Finance University of Rzeszow, Cherevko Heorhiy
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present the main results of the conducted research on the identified challenges to the agriculture of Ukraine caused by the aggressive Russian military invasion, and the economic assessment of the possibilities of overcoming them. It was assumed that the scale of challenges and the real consequences of the mentioned aggression are astonishing and unique in terms of size and importance, but the actions envisaged and already aimed at overcoming them are fully justified and have adequate financial support. The research methodology was based on the use of a dialectic approach to identify and study the main challenges for agriculture in Ukraine, which are present as a result of the military aggression of the Russians. Within this approach, the method of historical and logical unity was used in the study of socio-economic phenomena in combination with methods of analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction, induction, systematisation, and generalisation. Studies have shown that Ukraine faces numerous challenges and threats as a result of Russia’s military aggression which has caused enormous damage and losses to the country, both economic and social. Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine shocked the entire civilised world. At the same time, any challenges provide new opportunities. Ukraine will rise with renewed quality and will turn from a country of raw materials into a country of innovations, becoming a country of inventors, entrepreneurs, and people who are able to achieve economic breakthroughs. Ukrainian agriculture was perhaps the worst affected by the war, as a large part of the country’s territory is either under temporary occupation or under direct military clashes. However, in the near future, the development of this industry will become the economic engine for the revival of Ukraine and beyond, which will also have a positive international effect.
Wheat supply logistics in wartime in Ukraine
Authors:   Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Department of Economics and Finance Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Dybala Anna , Bezsmertna Oksana ,   Faculty of Management and Information Security, Department of Entrepreneurship, Logistics and Management Vinnytsia National Technical University
Published: April 2023

The year 2022 was marked for the world as the year of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. The war caused considerable damage, not only to the Ukrainian economy, but also disrupted global economic relations. The agricultural sector was especially affected as agricultural enterprises cannot transfer their capacity to other, safer regions, like other sector enterprises, to conduct their activities. A significant part of the grain harvest was lost due to the war, so taking into account that Ukraine is one of the main exporters of grain, many countries did not receive the ordered deliveries. Among grains, in terms of value, wheat ranks third after corn and rice. Wheat is used not only for consumption but is also exported as seeds. Obstacles to harvesting, transportation, and export of wheat have become an extremely urgent issue for countries that are very dependent on the supplies of Ukrainian wheat. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of the Ukrainian wheat supply system in war conditions for groups of importing countries in terms of the volume and stability of supplies, to ensure food security. The ABC-XYZ analysis was used while conducting the study. This method is based on the use of statistical data on the volume of Ukrainian wheat supplies to other countries. According to this method, all countries are grouped in terms of their order volume and stability. This approach indicates the countries that are strategically important for Ukraine as a wheat exporter. As the results of the analysis show, at the beginning of the war, the behaviours of the wheat-importing countries changed. If they could previously diversify the wheat supply channels, choosing the most profitable channels for themselves, since 2022, many countries have cancelled supplies of wheat from the Russian Federation and have become more dependent on other producers. In addition, unfavourable weather conditions and the desire of powerful wheat producers to create additional stocks of wheat for their own needs have been added. It was found that such countries as Egypt, Indonesia, Morocco, Yemen, Tunisia, Lebanon, and Libya are most dependent on Ukrainian wheat and have positive previous experiences of cooperation with Ukraine. The presented logistics model of wheat supply can be adapted to new changes, but the ultimate goal of its implementation should be to indicate conditions to ensure global food security.
The Fiscal Policy of Germany and France. From the Creation of the Euro up to the Pandemic
Authors: Ptak Piotr
Published: April 2023

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the development of general government debt and general government balance in two Eurozone countries, Germany and France, in order to investigate the extent of the fulfilment of the convergence criteria. The article is divided into two periods: from the creation of the Euro currency to the period before the global financial crisis, and after it to the time of the pandemic. France and Germany notoriously violated the rules of the Stability and Growth Pact. The beginning of the financial crisis saw a sharp rise in the deficit and debt-to-GDP ratio to over 80% in both countries followed by a fiscal consolidation period. As a result, Germany managed to reduce its debt to 60% of GDP, while in France this indicator achieved a level close to 100% in 2019. The methodology is based on an analytical approach and a literature review of the subject (see Escolano, 2010). Following this methodology, the debt sustainability analysis of the public debt was carried out. According to the author, France should have carried out the necessary structural reforms. Otherwise, if interest rates of ECB continue to rise, France may face a critical situation.
Explanatory Theories of Stock Returns in the Long Run after IPO – Literature Review
Authors: Żyła Martyna
Published: April 2023

Negative returns of shares in the long run after initial public offerings have been confirmed on many markets, however the explanation for the cause of this phenomenon is ambiguous. Investigating underperformance is important because it allows for a better understanding of the role of the stock markets in the financial system. Such a market anomaly influences the behaviour of investors in the long run. Underperformance features in an extensive body of empirical literature and has been confirmed in most cases, yet it is inconclusive as to what affects such phenomenona on the markets. The purpose of this paper was to present the explanatory theories based on the behaviour of market participants and to summarise the explanatory variables of underperformance that stem from the theory.
Specifics of the Organization of State Water Monitoring (On The Example of the Volga River Within the Boundaries of the Volgograd Region)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Matveeva Anna , Kocharyan Narek ,   Volgograd State University
Published: April 2023

The article presents materials on studying the state of the Volga River within the boundaries of the Volgograd region by analyzing monitoring studies of the water area at the regional level. To study the specifics of the organization of state control, it is necessary to have an idea of the extent of the impact of various factors at the regional level. Taking into account the data obtained is the basis for conducting a comparative analysis of the degree of contamination based on data obtained during laboratory studies. Sampling points along the length of the Volga River on the territory of Volgograd are highlighted. The priority criterion when choosing the coordinates of sampling points for determining the ecological state of the Volga River in the territory of the administrative center of the Volgograd region is the presence of industrial facilities. The control carried out within the framework of the state monitoring of the ecological state of the Volga River water area within the borders of the Volgograd region allows us to draw a conclusion about the degree of pollution, as well as to identify problems of accounting and control over the state of water bodies by the state. The data obtained during the study, control and supervision of the state of the river system of the The Volga River in the Volgograd Region serves as an information base for the development of environmental protection programs and justification of optimal approaches to regional environmental management.
Morphometric Analysis of Agricultural Landscapes in the Transitional Zone of South Chernozem and Dark Chestnut Soils in Volgograd Region
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Melikhova Alina
Published: April 2023

This article presents the results of geoinformation cameral mapping and morphometric analysis of one of the types of agrolandscape - arable land in the Mikhailovsky district of the Volgograd region. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of statistical data regarding the areas and configuration of individual fields, as well as the rapid development of areas of application of geographic information systems and remote sensing data in agriculture. For mapping, the method of visual expert interpretation of multispectral Earth remote sensing data of high (Sentinel satellite images for 2021) and medium (Landsat satellite images for 1986) spatial resolution was used. For morphometric analysis, a digital elevation model “SRTM” with a height resolution of 10 m was used. All operations with raster and vector materials were carried out in the geoinformation environment “QGIS”, statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out in “MS Excel”. 2,248 fields were mapped, which are arable land and fallows, with a total area of 229.8 thousand hectares. It was revealed that the predominant spatial orientation of the fields is the southwestern and northeastern direction, the smallest area is occupied by fields with a southeastern orientation. The largest field area is located in areas with surface slopes up to 1.5°. The maximum slope is 4°. Based on the results of the work, maps-schemes of the exposition and the steepness of the slopes of the fields in the Mikhailovsky district were compiled. The used mapping method based on the interpretation of high-resolution satellite images showed high accuracy. The data obtained can be used as a basis for more detailed studies of arable land in the Mikhailovsky district, as well as for planning land reclamation measures.
Economic and Geographical Methods for Assessing the Potential for the Development of Rural Territories, on the Example of the Dubovsk District of the Volgograd Region
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Alyaev Vladimir , Khavanskaya Natalya ,   Volgograd State University, Semenova Diana ,   Volgograd State University
Published: April 2023

The work is devoted to a comprehensive economic and geographical analysis of the problems of sustainable development of one of the municipalities of the region. Sustainable development is understood as such development, which is accompanied by the manifestation of positive trends. In modern conditions, sustainable development strategies are being developed in the country at all territorial levels. In socio-economic geography, it seems to ensure the sustainable development of municipalities through the solution of certain problems. These include problems of rural agglomeration, demographic problems, problems of diversification of the economy, problems of strengthening state regulation of investment in municipalities. We are supporters of the integrated development of rural areas. The economic and geographical position of the Dubovsky district has a decisive influence on the socioeconomic development. At the same time, a small part of the territory is characterized by an advantageous position, and a large part is unfavorable. The economic assessment of the natural conditions and resources of the region is based on a combination of zonal and individual features. Their combination determines the best natural indicators for economic development in the western part of the region. The assessment of the socio-demographic potential of the region is characterized by the predominance of positive trends in the territories adjacent to the Volgograd-Syzran highway, as well as in the rural settlements of the western part. The northern part of the region along its entire length from west to east has a predominance of negative trends in settlement. Dubovsky district in modern conditions performs the functions of specialization in the intra-regional territorial division of labor. At the same time, the most productive branches of agriculture gravitate towards the highway in the south of the region. The western and northern parts are dominated by almost completely mechanized grain farming. The study of territorial trends in the formation of sustainable development of the economy of the Dubovsky district creates the prerequisites for a more balanced policy. In the southern part of the district, it is necessary to promote the development of the suburban economy. In most of the region, efforts are needed to prevent depopulation of the territories.
Mapping of Actual Concentrations of Mobile Forms of Copper in Soils of the Northern Industrial Complex of Volgograd
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Tikhonova Anna , Murtazina Anastasia ,   Volgograd State University, Slaykovskaya Elizaveta ,   Volgograd State University
Published: April 2023

This paper presents an analysis of the results of a study of the actual concentrations of mobile forms of copper in the soil cover of the northern industrial hub of Volgograd within the assumed zone of influence of local sources of anthropogenic impact. As objects of influence on the components of the environment, the following were selected: a ferrous metallurgy enterprise (JSC “VMK “Krasny Oktyabr”) and a multidisciplinary enterprise (JSC “FNPC “Titan-Barricades”) of Volgograd, characterized by the specifics of the location relative to the functional zoning of the city. Sampling was carried out in 2017-2021 at control points at a distance of 0-4.5 km from the enterprises. During the same period, laboratory studies were carried out using the precision method of atomic absorption spectrometry. A map of the results of monitoring the content of mobile forms of copper in the soil cover in the study area is presented. The identified zone of influence of enterprises, taking into account the presence of additional sources of contamination of the soil cover and the MPC of cuprum, instead of its background concentrations, extends 3-3.5 km from the border of the metallurgical enterprise in the form of elongated areas of increased concentrations. It is noted that there are two pronounced foci of pollution located to the west of the operating SPC of the enterprise, as well as a focus of pollution located outside the boundaries of the sanitary protection zones of JSC “VMK “Krasny Oktyabr” and JSC “FNPC “Titan-Barricades”, in the intersection zone of the 2nd longitudinal highway and General Vatutin Street. The data obtained confirm the expediency of organizing regular monitoring of the soil cover in the city as one of the areas of environmental quality assessment.
A Comparative Analysis of Determinants of Export Demand by Major Industrial Groups in Korea
Authors:   Korea Association for International Commerce and Information, Park Hyun-Hee
Published: April 2023

After COVID-19, supply chain management problems were exposed in the global economy. As a way to prevent this, each country has established a strategy to pursue supply chain localization that expands domestic production from food to strategic products for efficient supply chain management.
In this study, the export demand function was used to analyze the export determinants by industry by dividing 10 industries of Korea's total exports from 1995 to 2021 for 10 major export destinations. In particular, it was intended to propose a plan to expand agricultural exports in the mid- to long-term by comparing general manufacturing products with agricultural products through empirical analysis.
As a result of the analysis, it was found that there were differences in factors affecting exports by industry. In particular, in the case of exports of agricultural, forestry and fisheries products, the total production of trading partners, the price of Korean export goods, and whether or not an FTA was signed had a significant impact at the 1% significance level. Although Korea's agriculture accounts for a low proportion of gross domestic product, it is evaluated as a field with various functions at various levels, such as food security and sustainable environmental conservation.
In the recent growth process of the global agri-food market in the global economy, Korea's agri-food sector is emerging as a blue ocean field. In order to expand the export sector of Korean agricultural products, a national strategy should be established to efficiently combine the roles of agricultural producers, exporters, and the government.
The Mechanisms of Rendering Lithuanian Proper Names in Belorussian-Lithuanian Chronicles
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the RAS, Afanasyeva Sofya A.
Published: April 2023

The article examines the strategies of rendering Lithuanian proper names in fifteen Belorussian-Lithuanian chronicles created in the 14th–18th centuries. Thirteen of them are written in the literary language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, based on East Slavic dialects, the other two are in Polish and Latin. The language of the chronicles was hardly influenced by Lithuanian, but each contains Lithuanian proper names, since the subject of the chronicles is the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Most of the proper names are pre-Christian Lithuanian two-stem personal names with some occurrence of toponyms, hydronyms and ethnonyms. The spelling of proper names can be explained by referring to the history of the Lithuanian language and dialectology. Scribes of Slavic origin typically replaced “foreign” Lithuanian sounds with approximate sounds of their native language. This allows the author to consistently trace the logic of rendering the Lithuanian vowels o and a, vocal diphthongs ai and au, mixed diphthongs an, al, and ir and several elements of the consonant system. Apart from that, the reflection of Lithuanian dialect features makes the Belorussian-Lithuanian chronicles a valuable source for the study of Lithuanian historical phonetics and dialectology. Even though in most cases the name rendering strategies reflect real phonetic phenomena, sometimes the form of a name is bound by tradition and the language of the translation source, which is supported by the fact that chronicles are written in both Cyrillic and Latin.
Anthroponyms in Russian Written Speech
Authors:   V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the RAS, Nechaeva Iya V.
Published: April 2023

The paper deals with the spelling of proper names and designations related to the field of anthroponymy. This includes a common problem of the use of an uppercase letter, as well as the spelling alterations between “hyphen — contact — space”, particularly the cases marked with spelling ambiguity. The latter may be caused by: a) controversial onymic-appellative status of the name, b) multicomponent structure of the name, c) combination with common words (including generic terms acting as an identifiers), d) foreign origin of the name, e) transitional status of the name between the proper name and the appellative. It is well illustrated by names with nickname component that retain conceptual information (Nikolai the Wonderworker and Nicholas the Pleasant, Muraviev-the-Hangman, etc.), as well as metaphoric designations (the Iron Lady, the Yellow Emperor, the Russian Rocket, the Father of Nations, the Sun of the Nation, etc.) and expressive Internet nicknames (White crow ~ White Crow, Good man ~ Good Man, etc.). The difference in spelling may reflect the opposition between individual and categorical, negative connotations, instability of norm, stylistic coloring. The study also covers the problem of spelling the names with prefixes (anti-, false-, neo-, pseudo-), postpositive components (older, younger, father, son), names of foreign origin, names with auxiliary elements. A separate section is devoted to the names of fictional characters (literary, folklore, film, etc.) which include common nouns or consist of them totally. In this case the spelling depends on which of these components retain their status and which are onymized. Attention is also paid to the problem of using proper names in the common noun function (playing Stradivari, Faberge collection, etc.). Ultimately, the author outlines some general principles of names spelling regulation, such as the principle of economy in the use of a capital letter (first formulated by Yakov K. Grot), consideration of the name’s transitional status, conditional use of variants. These are exemplified by draft rules for spelling the proper names of people and anthropomorphic creatures, provided in appendix.
Color Terms in Mongolian Place Names: A Typological Perspective
Authors:   National University of Mongolia, Purev Enkhjargal , Tsend Oyunsuren ,   National University of Mongolia, Bazarjav Purevsuren ,   National University of Mongolia, Khishigsuren Temuulen ,   National University of Mongolia
Published: April 2023

With their implications for human perception and conceptualization of the physical environment, place names have been largely analyzed from a cognitive perspective. This article aims to extend such cross-disciplinary studies by investigating the use of color terms in place names. The authors use a large-scale database of 214,805 toponyms of Mongolia to identify place names that feature color terms, both basic and non-basic, and compare them with previous literature on the toponymy of other countries and languages. Our results can be summed up in three major findings. (1) The most frequently attested color terms in Mongolian toponymy (namely, ‘black,’ ‘white,’ and ‘red’) prove to be identical to the most salient “toponymic colors” in other territories and cultures as can be seen from the analysis of previous research. The phenomenon of similar behavior of color terms in place names across different languages and cultures requires an explanation based on the universal cognitive mechanisms of color perception and development of color terminology. (2) Color terms are more frequently found in the toponymy of desert and steppe areas of Mongolia than in continental climate areas, which can be explained by the topographic properties of these two zones and universal cognitive mechanisms of place naming. Along with that, it was found that all Mongolian place names feature a unified set of color terms regardless of the region and topographic environment. (3) Against the typological background, Mongolian toponyms appear to be culture-specific in that they largely feature animal coat colors, as nomadic lifestyle and stock-raising have always been an essential part of the culture and, in the past, had a major impact on the color terminology of Mongolians. Such onomastic investigation into place names with color terms helps broaden our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms of place naming in different cultures and contributes to the color studies in cognitive sciences.
Comparing COVID spread to mask-wearing rates in public transportation using AI detection
Authors: Choi Minje , Ku Donggyun , Jeong Hyeri , Lee Seungjae
Published: April 2023

The spread of COVID-19 has resulted in several changes worldwide. In particular, border closures and economic stagnation have significantly affected societies. Although the implementation of preventive measures has improved the pandemic scenario in several countries, the effectiveness of vaccines has decreased with the emergence of mutant viruses. With this background, the use of masks is considered the best method for preventing the spread of the virus. Notably, public transportation is closely related to socioeconomic activities, and the spread of infectious diseases is more likely in closed, dense, and congested areas. Moreover, the probability of infection during public transportation also depends on the proportion of commuters wearing masks. Based on the closed-circuit television footage of various public transportation spaces, the number of mask wearers can be analysed using artificial intelligence deep learning, and the probability of COVID-19 spread can be predicted by determining the proportion of mask wearers among the commuters. With this background, in this study, the importance of masks in controlling the spread of the virus is confirmed. In conclusion, appropriate measures can be implemented by determining the probability of infection according to the mask-wearing rate in public transportation spaces.
Design and use of space in refugee camps: a case study of a contested terrain
Authors: AlWaer Husam , Sibley Magda , Cooper Ian
Published: April 2023

The urgency in providing basic shelter for a large, displaced and distressed population frequently means that the design of refugee camps follows a ‘generic top-down framework’ with basic humanitarian and techno-managerial planning strategies rising to the fore. These are usually based on a universal standardisation for the allocation of ‘shelter’ and its repetition in a grid-based settlement layout. Camps are planned with an anticipation of removal and disassembly in the short or medium term. This results in a military-style modular spatial hierarchy with formally defined boundaries. This paper is based on a systematic review of literature in the public domain about the Al-Zaatari Syrian refugee camp in Jordan. Despite the originally imposed uniformity, the story on the ground at this camp is one of a rapid transformation initially through collective determination. The UN's strictly orthogonal grid was rapidly overlayed and reconfigured to support a preferred way of living anchored in continuity of the previous social and cultural norms of the refugee population. This paper illustrates these processes of adaptation and transformation and examines the evolving distribution of space between occupants, the expansion of opportunities for income generation, and the introduction of new housing typologies and services. Early interventions were collectively initiated. Over time, the influence of informal market forces led to those with resources gained ascendancy over those with less.
Rainfall and gemmiferous shoots influence asexual reproduction in two tropical mosses
Authors: Escolástico-Ortiz Dennis Alejandro , Delgadillo-Moya Claudio
Published: April 2023

Background: For some bryophytes, asexual reproduction may be the primary means of population survival, which can be affected by rainfall and moss colony features. Questions and / or Hypotheses: We investigated i) how gemma output differed in two tropical epiphytic mosses with mainly asexual and sexual-asexual reproduction; ii) how is the pattern of gemmae production through an annual interval; and iii) whether gemma production in both species is correlated with rainfall and colony features (shoot density, number of gemmiferous shoots, and sexual structures) per shoot and area (cm2). Studied species / data description /Mathematical model: Calymperes afzelii Sw. and Syrrhopodon incompletus Schwägr. Study site and dates: The sampling was conducted every two months for a year at Agua Blanca State Park in Tabasco, Mexico. Methods: Squares were used to record the gemma production per shoot and cm2, the number of gemmiferous shoots, and shoots with sexual structures. Daily mean precipitation was obtained from a meteorological station. We analysed the effect of rainfall and colony features on gemmae production at the shoot and cm2 levels using generalized linear models. Results: C. afzelii produced gemmae more constantly than S. incompletus. Gemma production is higher during months of high rainfall. The rainfall and number of gemmiferous shoots are suitable predictors of gemma production. Conclusions: Our results exemplify how rainfall and gemmiferous shoots influence the production of asexual propagules in two mosses with different reproductive strategies in the same tropical environment. This information is essential to understand the population dynamics of tropical mosses.
The effects of SCARB2 and SELPLG gene polymorphisms on EV71 infection in hand, foot and mouth disease
Authors: Duan Feng Yuan , Du Zeng-Qing , Wang Yang , Luo Lan , Du Li-Jiang , Jiang Hong , Ma Yantuanjin , Yang Yu-Ling
Published: April 2023

The same viral infection in different hosts may result in varying levels of clinical symptoms, which is related to the genetic background of the host itself. A total of 406 common cases and 452 severe cases of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in Yunnan Province were selected as the research subjects, and SNaPshot technology was used to detect genetic polymorphisms for 25 Tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (TagSNPs) in the selectin P ligand (SELPLG) and scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2) genes. Our results demonstrate that SCARB2 polymorphisms (rs74719289, rs3733255 and rs17001551) are related to the severity of EV71 infection (A vs G: OR 0.330; 95% CI 0.115 - 0.947; T vs C: OR 0.336; 95% CI 0.118 - 0.958; and A vs G: OR 0.378; 95% CI 0.145 - 0.984). The SELPLG polymorphisms were not significantly different between common cases and severe cases. Therefore, we conclude that the SCARB2 gene has a protective effect on the course of hand, foot and mouth disease caused by EV71 infection and that SCARB2 gene mutations can reduce the severity of the disease.
How does long term exposure to low levels of radiation affect prenatal health in the Marshall Islands? v1
Authors: not provided slicata
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research proposal is to investigate the public health issues inflicted on women and children following the period of nuclear testing in French Polynesia, specifically in communities descending from victims of direct impact in the Marshall Islands. This research may give insight into the intergenerational transmission of potential health defects resulting from nuclear exposure, which may aid in creating a humanitarian solution to such a health crisis. Through a multi-method approach involving the analysis of health history and engagement with the Marshall Island residents, this research aims to understand the modern implications of radiation exposure on prenatal and reproductive health.
Small Business Moorea v2
Authors: Yang Clairey
Published: April 2023

Sustainability is a hot topic in French Polynesia. For example, the South Pacific Tourism Organization launched a Sustainable Tourism Policy Framework with goals extending to 2030. The Blue Climate Initiative, an ocean-centered environmental program, addresses sustainable projects including wave energy converters, carbon offsets, and tourist taxes. While these large-scale projects will positively impact French Polynesia, they do not empower small businesses. This excludes many locals from the green transition. By understanding the current market landscape, this protocol will address the question: What do small businesses in Moorea need to transition to more sustainable practices?
2-step PCR mixture and conditions (Barcoded-head primers for seqs pooling) v1
Authors: Huang Yin-Tse
Published: April 2023

PCR mixture and condition (2X SUPERGREEN PCR MASTER MIX)
A comparative analysis of Cr(VI) reduction with Cu2O, ZnO and Fe2O3 coatings grown by PEO
Authors: Gordillo Delgado Fernando , García Giraldo John Alexander
Published: April 2023

Coatings on copper, zinc and stainless-steel substrates were fabricated using the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated in the reduction of Cr(VI), a highly toxic agent present in wastewater from industrial processes such as electroplating, manufacture of textile dyes, wood curing, and leather tanning. The concentration of hexavalent chromium in drinking water has been regulated to a maximum value established by national and international legislation of 0.05 ppm. The strategy of reduction to less toxic species such as Cr(III), followed by its precipitation in a basic medium, use several methods derived from chemistry, physics and biology for the treatment of water contaminated with this material. In the present work, some coatings of copper, zinc, and iron oxides were obtained over the corresponding metal sheets exposed to PEO, which were tested in a heterogeneous process of advanced oxidation with 1 ppm Cr(VI) solution under ultraviolet radiation. Thus, a reduction rate to Cr(III) close to 100 % in 60 min was obtained.
Determinants of Online Food Delivery(OFD) Sales during COVID-19
Authors:   People&Global Business Association, Oh Yun Kyung , Yi Jisu
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 compelled consumers to abstain from dining out and instead use online food delivery (OFD) services. This study aims to examine the determinants of OFD sales in a restaurant during the COVID-19 crisis.
Design/methodology/approach: We analyzed 139,812 restaurant-level credit card OFD transaction data from January 2019 to June 2020 in Seoul, South Korea.
Findings: During COVID-19, many restaurants participated and experienced sales growth through the OFD platforms. On the demand side, the composition of customers using OFD services has changed, replacing the demand for dining out. Our estimation results show that the food category, customer composition ratio, and past performance significantly affected restaurants’ OFD revenue during the pandemic.
Research limitations/implications: The results suggest implications for the restaurant industry responding to changing customer needs on OFD platforms. Restaurants with high-performing OFDs before the pandemic experienced higher sales during the pandemic period. The results imply that experiences to fit customers’ needs toward OFD are likely to help restaurants overcome the losses incurred due to the COVID-19 outbreak.
Originality/value: This study empirically revealed the effect of store category, past performance, demographic, and geographical customer profile on OFD demand for external shocks such as COVID-19.
Main Trends and Prospects of Russian Technology Transfer: Statistical Study (In Russ.)
Authors:   ITMO University, Abramtseva A.N. , Antipov A.A. ,   ITMO University, Radik V.Y. ,   ITMO University
Published: April 2023

The main problems of technological transfer between Russia and India are revealed through the analysis of the structure of technology imports and exports for the period 2019–2021. The reasons and consequences of the prevailing growth of technology exports from the Russian Federation over imports are determined by analyzing the dynamics and structure of indicators of the volume of payments for the import and export of technologies, the R&D investment volume , the level of patent activity of residents and non-residents of Russia, as well as comparison with similar indicators for foreign countries.
Creative Industries: Prospects for Development in the Republic of Crimea (In Russ.)
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vakhovskaya M.Yu.
Published: April 2023

In recent years, creative industries have become growth drivers in economically developed countries. The prospects of the creative industries development in the Republic of Crimea were analyzed. The certain features of the creative industries development in the Russian economy were evaluated, and a comparison with global world trends was carried out. That individual creative individuals – individual entrepreneurs, self-employed and small businesses often work in isolation, the possible advantages of synergy of interaction are not used. Maximizing the effect is possible when using the cooperation of such business entities, this can give impetus to the spatial development of the region in the key of creative industries. The scientific works on the topic legal acts, and the author's own research were the information base of the study. The most important directions for creative sectors development are substantiated, recommendations for the development of creative industries are formulated. The proposed recommendations can be used to plan and implement activities for the development of creative sectors, the formation of regional brands under real conditions.
Method for Developing Positioning of Scientific and Cultural Event Projects for Children's Target Audience (In Russ.)
Authors:   ITMO University, Vorobeva A.A. , Korytova V.E. ,   ITMO University, Spirina V.O.
Published: April 2023

This article presents the features of the formation of the positioning strategy of event projects for children's target audiences. The impact of marketing mechanics on children themselves and decision makers is taken into account. The authors propose a method for developing positioning for scientific and cultural event projects that work with these audiences. The method takes into account the age and behavioral characteristics of consumers and includes: a model for identifying the needs of children and subjects influencing the formation of these needs, and an author's algorithm for analyzing services that helps identify the strengths of the company that should be taken into account in positioning. At each stage of the method, the authors offer methodological recommendations indicating specific marketing models and tools that need to be used to develop a positioning strategy. Thus, a complex target audience is considered, for which, based on the conducted research, groups of properties are proposed that form the basis of the positioning strategy of scientific and cultural event projects. The results of the study can be used in the development of a positioning strategy for various projects aimed at a children's audience, the algorithm for analyzing services can be adapted for companies from various fields.
Distribution of the species Heptatoma pellucens
(Fabricius, 1776) (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Croatia
Authors: Krčmar Stjepan
Published: April 2023

The genus Heptatoma contains only one species, Hepatoma pellucens, distributed almost throughout the whole Palaearctic region. Without the author’s and collaborator’s (J. Mikuska) previous and current research, this species had been recorded in six localities in Croatia. The author’s previous unpublished data recorded the species in localities of Donja Bistra, Popovac, Šenkovec, Vinica and Duzluk. The findings of this species in the localities of Branjina, Karanac, Kotlina, on Bansko Hill in the Croatian part of Baranja during this year represent new locality records alongside unpublished ones. The total number of recorded localities where Heptatoma pellucens appears in Croatia has increased to 40. From all collected specimens from previous and current research (242), 29.34% (71) of specimens of this species in Croatia were collected during 2022. In the sample collected in 2022, 97.18% of specimens were collected by liquid oil trap (shiny black trays filled with transparent vegetable oil). The sex ratio of the collected specimens in 2022 showed there were 1.7 times more males than females, unlike in previous research where only one male specimen was recorded.