bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of short-video use on undergraduates’ weight- loss intention: a regulatory mediation model
Authors: Yiyi Ouyang , Jie Peng , Jiong Luo , Jinsheng Teng , Kun Wang , Jing Li
Published: August 2022

This research intends to explore the effects of short video use on college students’ weight loss intentions, and its intrinsic mechanism of action, based on the responses of 1268 students from three universities in southwest China to questionnaires with the instruments of a sports participation scale, body image scale, self-esteem scale and weight loss intention scale. The findings are listed as follows: 1) Short video use can significantly and positively predict weight loss intention; 2) Body image mediates the relationship between short video usage and weight loss intentions; 3) Self-esteem plays a regulatory effect as the direct path between short video use and weight loss intention as well as partial mediation effect of body image. The direct effect of short video use on weight loss intentions and the mediating effect of body image gradually increased with the decrease of self-esteem. The results of the study suggest that short video use can affect the weight loss intentions of college students through either a direct or indirect path created by the mediating role of body image. Meanwhile, the influence of self-esteem on weight loss intention can’t be ignored, which is another key factor that affects college students’ weight loss intentions beyond short video use and body image.
Reconstructing Mesolithic social networks on the Iberian Peninsula using ornaments
Authors: Cucart-Mora Carolina , Gómez-Puche Magdalena , Romano Valéria , de Pablo Javier Fernández-López , Lozano Sergi
Published: August 2022

Archaeologists have been reconstructing interactions amongst hunter-gatherer populations for a long time. These exchanges are materialised in the movements of raw materials and symbolic objects which are found far from their original sources. Social network, i.e. the structure constituted by these interactions, is a well-established concept in archaeology that is used to address the connectivity of hunter-gatherer populations. The heuristic potential of formal network analysis, however, has been scarcely exploited in prehistoric hunter-gatherer archaeology. Here, social network analysis is used to analyse the interactions amongst hunter-gatherers on the Iberian Peninsula in the Early and Late Mesolithic (10,200 to 7600 cal BP). We used ornaments to explore social interaction and constructed one network per phase of the Iberian Mesolithic. We applied a three-steps analysis: First, we characterised the overall structure of the networks. Second, we performed centrality analysis to uncover the most relevant nodes. Finally, we conducted an exploratory analysis of the networks’ spatial characteristics. No significant differences were found between the overall network topology of the Early and Late Mesolithic. This suggests that the interaction patterns amongst human groups did not change significantly at a peninsular scale. Moreover, the spatial analysis showed that most interactions between human groups took place over distances under 300 km, but that specific ornament types likeColumbella rusticawere distributed over more extensive distances. Our findings suggest that Iberian Mesolithic social networks were maintained through a period of environmental, demographic and cultural transformation and that interactions took place at different scales of social integration.
A proof of concept to define the parameters affecting poly-l-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone shape memory electrospun nanofibers for biomedical applications
Authors: Pisani Silvia , Genta Ida , Modena Tiziana , Dorati Rossella , Bruni Giovanna , Benazzo Marco , Conti Bice
Published: August 2022

This study is a proof of concept performed to evaluate process parameters affecting shape memory effect of copolymer poly-l-lactide-co-poly-ε-caprolactone (PLA:PCL) 70:30 ratio based nanofibrous scaffolds. A design of experiment (DOE) statistical approach was used to define the interaction between independent material and process variables related to electrospun scaffold manufacturing, such as polymer solution concentration (w/v%), spinning time (min), and needle size (Gauge), and their influence on Rf% (ability of the scaffold to maintain the induced temporary shape) and Rr% (ability of the scaffold to recover its original shape) outputs. A mathematical model was obtained from DOE useful to predict scaffold Rf% and Rr% values. PLA-PCL 15% w/v, 22G needle, and 20-min spinning time were selected to confirm the data obtained from theoretical model. Subsequent morphological (SEM), chemical-physical (GPC and DSC), mechanical (uniaxial tensile tests), and biological (cell viability and adhesion) characterizations were performed.

Graphical abstract
Scale-Up of production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural-rich adhesive precursors and structural features of humin side products
Authors: Sailer-Kronlachner Wilfried , Rosenfeld Catherine , Böhmdorfer Stefan , Bacher Markus , Konnerth Johannes , Rosenau Thomas , Potthast Antje , Geyer Andreas , van Herwijnen Hendrikus W. G.
Published: August 2022

A batch reaction system (volume 1 L) for scaled-up production of 5-HMF-based adhesive precursor solutions from industrially available fructose syrup was developed. The stabilizing effect of sodium dithionite addition was demonstrated. With this system, no concentration steps are needed in the production of adhesive precursors for wood composite board production. The reaction system was optimized in a design of experiment approach to achieve good reaction conditions and to produce reaction solutions with 5-HMF concentrations appropriate for adhesive synthesis. Only three runs in the adjusted system are required to produce enough precursor for the synthesis of 10 kg of adhesive, thereby enabling the testing of the adhesive systems in particle board trials.

Furthermore, the structure of humin side products from different reaction stages, formed from 5-HMF and byproducts by condensation, aldol-like reactions and attack on furan ring systems, was investigated. The data were compared to information from literature and possible elements of humin structures are proposed.
Influence of equiatomic Zr/(Ti,Nb) substitution on microstructure and ultra-high strength of (Ti,Zr,Nb)C medium-entropy ceramics at 1900 °C
Authors: Yang Qingqing , Wang Xingang , Bao Weichao , Wu Ping , Wang Xiaofei , Guo Xiaojie , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Guojun , Jiang Danyu
Published: August 2022

High-temperature mechanical properties of medium-entropy carbide ceramics have attracted significant attention. Tailoring the microstructure is an effective way to improve these high-temperature mechanical properties, which can be affected by the evolution of the enthalpy and entropy, as well as by lattice distortion and sluggish diffusion. In this study, the effects of equiatomic Zr/(Ti,Nb) substitution (Zr content of 10–40 at%) on the microstructure and high-temperature strength of (Ti,Zr,Nb)C medium-entropy ceramics were investigated. The grain size of the (Ti,Zr,Nb)C medium-entropy ceramics was refined from 9.4±3.7 to 1.1±0.4 μm with an increase in the Zr content from 10.0 to 33.3 at%. A further increase in the Zr content to 40 at% resulted in a slight increase in the grain size. At 1900 °C, the (Ti,Zr,Nb)C medium-entropy ceramics with the Zr contents of 33.3 and 40 at% exhibited ultra-high flexural strengths of 875±43 and 843±71 MPa, respectively, which were higher than those of the transition metal carbides previously reported under similar conditions. Furthermore, relatively smooth grain boundaries, which were detected at a test temperature of 1000 °C, transformed into curved and serrated boundaries as the temperature increased to 1900 °C, which may be considered the primary reason for the improved high-temperature flexural strength. The associated mechanism was analyzed and discussed in detail.
Legacy Gambling Harms: What Happens Once the Gambling Stops?
Authors: Rockloff Matthew , Armstrong Tess , Hing Nerilee , Browne Matthew , Russell Alex M. T. , Bellringer Maria , du Preez Katie Palmer , Lowe Giulia
Published: August 2022

Purpose of Review

Legacy gambling harm refers to adverse consequences that extend past the period where people are actively gambling at harmful levels. These harms can affect the gambler, people close to them and the wider community. This article reviews current research that investigates legacy harms; the types of legacy harm, how long they last and whether evidence suggests these harms are real or instead imagined injuries or reflections on past regrets.

Recent Findings

Legacy harms to individuals can be broadly categorised as including financial, relationship, emotional/psychological, health, culture, work/study and criminal/deviance harms. In addition, legacy harms affect entire communities by drawing funds and social capital away from vulnerable communities, leaving them socially, culturally and materially impoverished. Most legacy harms that accrue to gamblers have a half-life of 4 years, although financial harms last somewhat longer at 5 years. Greater distance in time from a past gambling issue is reliably and positively related to health and well-being indicators, including the Health Utility Index and the Australian Unity Wellbeing Index, which suggests that legacy gambling harms are real and have a lasting impact on well-being, rather than just imagined hardship from prior gambling difficulties.

These findings suggest programme and policy development to support gamblers in reducing and managing their legacy harms, rather than focusing only on relapse prevention.
Burning Mouth Disorder in the Background of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Iyer Srividya , Balasubramaniam Ramesh
Published: August 2022

Purpose of Review

This review aims to discuss burning mouth disorder (BMD) and its management and offers a guide to general dental practitioners to manage periodontal health in patients with BMD.

Recent Findings

Dental practitioners are well trained in diagnosing and treating periodontal disease; however, when periodontal disease coexists with BMD, diagnosis and management of these conditions become more complex. Personalised treatment for individual patients is prudent for long-term treatment compliance and effectiveness.

BMD is a chronic pain disorder characterised by the absence of visible mucosal lesions. It is often associated with the symptoms of burning, altered taste, and dry mouth with no obvious medical or dental cause. Diagnosis and treatment of BMD are complex and are influenced by multiple factors, which may complicate the diagnosis and treatment of especially painful periodontal disease.
Tunneled catheter-related bacteremia in hemodialysis patients: incidence, risk factors and outcomes. A 14-year observational study
Authors: Almenara-Tejederas Marina , Rodríguez-Pérez María A. , Moyano-Franco María J. , de Cueto-López Marina , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , Salgueira-Lazo Mercedes
Published: August 2022

Background

Tunneled catheter-related bacteremia represents one of the major complications in patients on hemodialysis, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of tunneled catheter-related bacteremia and, secondly, to identify possible factors involved in the first episode of bacteremia.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of all tunneled catheters inserted between 1 January, 2005 and 31 December, 2019. Data on patients with a tunneled catheter were analyzed for comorbidities, catheter characteristics, microbiological culture results and variables related to the first episode of bacteremia. Patient outcomes were also assessed.

Results

In the 14-year period under study, 406 tunneled catheters were implanted in 325 patients. A total of 85 cases of tunneled catheter-related bacteremia were diagnosed, resulting in an incidence of 0.40 per 1000 catheter days (81.1% after 6 months of implantation). The predominant microorganisms isolated were Gram-positive organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.4%); Staphylococcus aureus (28.0%). We found no significant differences in time to catheter removal for infections or non-infection-related reasons. The jugular vein, the Palindrome® catheter, and being the first vascular access were protective factors for the first episode of bacteremia. The 30-day mortality rate from the first tunneled catheter-related bacteremia was 8.7%.

Conclusions

The incidence of bacteremia in our study was low and did not seem to have a relevant impact on catheter survival. S. epidermidis was the most frequently isolated microorganism, followed by S. aureus. We identified Palindrome® catheter, jugular vein, and being the first vascular access as significant protective factors against tunneled catheter-related bacteremia.

Graphical abstract
Unravelling how biochar and dung amendments determine the functional structure and community assembly related to methane metabolisms in grassland soils
Authors: Zhao Qingzhou , Wang Yanfen , Xu Zhihong , Yun Juanli , Yu Zhisheng
Published: August 2022

Biochar and dung amendments have been extensively employed in soil remediation and fertilization of grasslands, which are the largest terrestrial sinks for methane. However, how these exogenous amendments regulate methane metabolisms at the molecular and community levels remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the functional genes and community assemblies of methanogens and methanotrophs using Geochip 5.0 and high-throughput sequencing to reveal the impacts of biochar and dung on soil methanogenesis and methane oxidation. The interactions between methane metabolic genes and other biogeochemical genes were also examined. According to Geochip microarrays, methanogenic genemcrAdecreased and increased with dung or biochar amendment, respectively; The methanotrophic genepmoAshowed a reverse but not significant tendency. Undominated processes contributed 65.51% to replace homogeneous selections as primary driving forces of methanogen assembly after dung amendment; the contribution of dispersal limitation increased to 46.13% in methanotroph assembly after biochar amendment. The diversity and association of co-occurrence networks for carbon–nitrogen cycling genes decreased after exogenous amendments. These results indicated that biochar and dung amendments prominently regulated the functional genes and community assembly involved in methane metabolisms. The co-existence patterns of methane metabolic genes and other related geochemical genes were also shaped by these amendments. This study provides the scientific reference for the development of grassland management in the context of global warming.

Graphical Abstract
The Ordinary Meaningful Life
Authors: GLASGOW JOSHUA
Published: August 2022

It is widely thought that we have good reason to try to be important. Being important or doing significant things is supposed to add value to our lives. In particular, it is supposed to make our lives exceptionally meaningful. This essay develops an alternative view. After exploring what importance is and how it might relate to meaning in life, a series of cases are presented to validate the perspective that being important adds no meaning to our lives. The meaningful life does need valuable projects, activities, and relationships. But no added meaning is secured by those projects, activities, and relationships being especially significant. The extraordinary life has no more meaning than the ordinary life.
Colonial Genealogies of National Self-Determination
Authors: MENGE TORSTEN
Published: August 2022

Self-determination is a central concept for political philosophers. For example, many have appealed to this concept to defend a right of states to restrict immigration. Because it is deeply embedded in our political structures, the principle possesses a kind of default authority and does not usually call for an elaborate defense. In this paper, I will argue that genealogical studies by Adom Getachew, Radhika Mongia, Nandita Sharma, and others help to challenge this default authority. Their counter-histories show that the principle was used to justify, strengthen, and adapt imperial rule in the twentieth century. In particular, the idea that controlling a population's composition through regulating immigration is an essential aspect of self-determination emerged as a response to White anxieties about the migration of negatively racialized groups. Genealogies have not been adequately appreciated as a critical tool within the mainstream of political philosophy. I show that these genealogies have a critical role to play because they unsettle our uncritical attachment to the structures of the nation-state system and raise serious questions about the meaning and emancipatory force of the principle of self-determination.
Glacial hydraulic tremor on Rhonegletscher, Switzerland
Authors: Clyne Elisabeth , Alley Richard B. , Vore Margot , Gräff Dominik , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Walter Fabian , Sergeant Amandine
Published: August 2022

Glacial hydraulic tremor (GHT) can be monitored to observe changes in location and distribution of water flow beneath glacial ice, allowing the spatiotemporal evolution of subglacial hydrology to be studied continuously and remotely. We use frequency-dependent polarization analysis (FDPA) to classify types of GHT and assess its spatio-temporal extent beneath Rhonegletscher, Switzerland, in a continuous seismic record through 2018 and 2019 at three ice-proximal bedrock-based seismometers. We determine the frequency bands composing the GHT and calculate back azimuth angles pointing to a previously known subglacial channel. We also inspect the relationship between GHT seismic power and water discharge from the glacier to compare daily and seasonal shifts with the observed GHT. We observed the seasonal shift from a distributed system to a channelized system, and our dataset allowed comparison of channel locations within and across seasons, with implications for sediment evacuation and bed erosion. The successful use of this method to assess GHT previously on Taku glacier (the methods of which this project follows) and now Rhonegletscher shows that existing ice-proximal passive seismic installations can be used to easily and continuously monitor subglacial hydraulic activity.
Preferential mineral N form uptake by sugarcane genotypes contrasting in nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Kölln Oriel Tiago , Boschiero Beatriz Nastaro , Franco Henrique Coutinho Junqueira , Soldi Marina Camara Martins , Sanches Guilherme Martinelli , Castro Sergio Gustavo de Quassi , Trivelin Paulo Cesar Ocheuze
Published: August 2022

Ammonium has been reported as a ‘preferred’ nitrogen (N) source for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), which can improve N use efficiency (NUE) in this crop. We aimed to evaluate the preferential uptake of ammonium and nitrate in sugarcane genotypes contrasting with NUE under controlled conditions. Four sugarcane genotypes previously selected by another experiment (ER: efficient and responsive; ENR: efficient and nonresponsive; IR: inefficient and responsive; INR: inefficient and nonresponsive) were grown in a growth chamber and fertilized with two 15N-labeled forms [(NH4)2SO4 (15N-NH4+) or KNO3 (15N-NO3−)]; soil was used as substrate. Plants were evaluated at three time points: 0, 24, and 72 h after 15N-fertilization. For the efficient genotypes (ER and ENR), the soil NH4+ levels were about 20% lower than those found for the inefficient genotypes (IR and INR) indicating greater N extraction by the plant. Nitrogen derived from fertilizer (NDFF) and
15
N recovery from fertilizer (15N RFF) in roots were influenced by the genotypes, in which responsive genotypes (ER and IR) presented a mean value 40% higher than the genotype INR, showing that greater absorption is more related to response than efficiency. Three days after N application, NDFF and 15N RFF from 15N-NH4+ were greater than 15N-NO3− in 40% and 65% for the roots and aerial part, respectively. The results of this study confirmed that sugarcane presents preferential uptake of NH4+ N form 3 days after fertilization. The use of nitrification inhibitors can be considered for providing a longer NH4+ residence time in the soil, also contributing to augmenting the NUE in sugarcane.
Participant expectations in a national otolaryngology mentorship programme
Authors: Abrar R , Stapleton E ,   Women in ENT Surgery
Published: August 2022

Objective

Mentoring within surgery is increasingly recognised as a powerful development tool, but participant expectations have not previously been explored. This study aimed to explore and analyse participant expectations from the UK's first national otolaryngology mentorship programme.

Method

Participants completed open-ended questionnaires. Responses were qualitatively analysed using a grounded theory approach. Iterative cycles were used to develop codes using a constant comparison technique. Emerging categories were refined to identify core themes.

Results

Key mentee expectations were career, and clinical and academic guidance. Enhancing networking opportunities was highlighted by medical students and junior trainees. Psychosocial and lifestyle support were predominant themes for all trainees. Receiving impartial advice and guidance from outside their training region was expressed only by senior trainees. Mentor expectations aligned with those of mentees.

Conclusion

This study identified key areas of the ‘hidden curriculum’ for students and trainees in otolaryngology, showing the evolving expectations and priorities as they progress through training.
A novel pulsar-based template-independent navigation method
Authors: Li Zhize , Zheng Wei , Wang Yusong
Published: August 2022

Because of the high photon flux, the Crab nebula pulsar is widely used as the observation target for X-ray pulsar-based navigation. The built profile of the Crab pulsar will change over time, however, which means that the pre-calibrated template cannot be used for the long term. In this paper, a novel pulsar-based template-independent navigation method is proposed. The detected phase propagation model is given as a term of position of the vehicle, taking the orbital motion into account. A different method of time-of-arrival process between the recovered profiles is introduced. With the aid of orbital transition matrix, a measurement model is derived to be a term of velocity error of the vehicle varying with time. The state errors of the vehicle are transformed into velocity errors by performing multi-segment observations to achieve the navigation system observability. The navigation equations of the system are then established and can be solved directly. Some simulations are performed to verify the method and suggest that the proposed method is feasible, effective and easy to implement. The precise orbit information of the vehicle can be determined. The state estimation accuracy is basically consistent with the traditional filtering algorithms, and the computational cost is still very low.
Competition as a New Context for the Performance of BalineseGender Wayang
Authors: Ako Mashino
Published: August 2022

A musical competition is a social event as well as a musical one, raising great interest in the community. Its particularly exciting atmosphere, the enthusiasm of both participants and observers, and the social honour bestowed upon the winners encourage the musicians to polish and elaborate their competence and performance styles, and sometimes to create new performance tactics. Previous studies of musical competitions suggest that rivalry and competition in the performing arts—which are deeply rooted in their social settings and carry the creative impulse to transform performing styles—can be found around the world, although their cultural, social, and historical contexts, as well as the changes that result from the competitions, are widely divergent (see Gunderson and Barz 2000; Gunderson 2003). Competitions have also had a significant impact on the development of music in Indonesia, especially in conjunction with official cultural policy. In President Suharto's New Order (Orde Baru) Indonesia, various levels of government held competitions to preserve (melestarikan) and develop (perkembangkan) the traditional performing arts, in accordance with the national cultural policy (Sutton 1991, 1995; Lindsay 1995; Yampolsky 1995; Bakan 1999; Tenzer 2000; Williams 1999,2003; Harnish 2007). This focus on the arts has continued into the period of political reformation (reformasi) since 1998. Competition has been an effective vehicle of cultural ideology through its potential to transform performing style and to change aesthetic value. However, the results of the competition do not always conform to the intentions of the government. A competition involves people with a wide range of purposes and viewpoints, who interpret the event and react to it differently according to their positions, whether as participants, teachers, judges, organizers, or audience members. As R. Anderson Sutton reported regarding the Pekan Kebudayaan Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi Cultural Week) in 1993, festivals or competitions “have contrasting, even conflicting meanings for the different people involved” (Sutton 1995:687). In reality, these various interpretations of the event intertwine to create a tense but influential context for the performing arts.
The Significance of Tantric Sects for Drum Practice in the Central Himalayas
Authors: Alter Andrew
Published: August 2022

Gorakhnāth is a tantric figure revered by a number of Hindu Shaivite sects. These sects exist particularly in Nepal, but are also found elsewhere in, or near, the Himalayas in parts of northern India and Bengal. In addition, others in the Himalayas see Gorakhnāth as particularly influential for their religious lives. For instance, Maskarinec (1995:7) mentions that shamans in Nepal regard Gorakhnāth as the “highest” spiritual authority. The suffix -nāth literally means “lord” or “master,” and thus is used in many contexts. Most broadly this suffix is used in association with the names of specific temples and their principal deities, such as Kedārnāth, Tungnāth, or Bodināth, highlighting the reverence people hold for these places of worship and their deities. In addition many people more generally refer to “Nāths” as those who follow the teachings of Gorakhnāth. They are also referred to as Gorakhpaṅth—meaning the sect(s) (paṅth) of Gorakhnāth.
Samulnori,Wőrn-pang-kak,and Cosmological Didacticism
Authors: Hesselink Nathan
Published: August 2022

Through scientific understanding, our world has become de-humanized. Man feels himself isolated in the cosmos. He is no longer involved in nature and has lost his emotional participation in natural events, which hitherto had a symbolic meaning for him. Thunder is no longer the voice of a god, nor is lightning his avenging missile. No river contains a spirit, no tree means a man's life, no snake is the embodiment of wisdom, and no mountain still harbors a great demon … His immediate communication with nature is gone forever, and the emotional energy it generated has sunk into the unconscious. (Jung 1976:255)

At the heart of the resurgence and popularity of traditional music in South Korea during the closing decades of the twentieth century lie the concerted efforts of an intimate group of friends and musical colleagues who came of age in the late 1970s. Inspired by their mentors and artistic forbearers borne of itinerant troupe performance traditions and bound together by the common goal of saving Korean music from obscurity in a nation that was catapulting itself toward Western cultural hegemony, the percussion quartet known as SamulNori emerged from its humble beginnings to become an internationally acknowledged phenomenon.
The Search for the Sound of the Putorino: “Me Te Waie Utuutu Ana”
Authors: Nunns Richard , Thomas Allan
Published: August 2022

The noted New Zealand Maori authority Te Rangi Hiroa declared that the rich heritage of traditional instruments was now silent, they were no longer played, they would be ‘forever mute'(Buck 1949:270). Among the predominant flutes and trumpets of this instrumentarium were voice modifiers (jews harp, mouth bow), whizzers and whirlers, and percussion (rattlers, castanets, gong, and other ‘found’ instruments). Most enigmatic of all was the pūtωrino, the so-called bugle-flute, perhaps unique in the world's instruments, a combination of three instruments—flute, trumpet and voice modifier. A description of the sound of this instrument 'Me te wai e utuutu ana' (like water ‘bubbling into a calabash held under the surface of the water’ Anderson 1934: 275) provides our title, and one of the signposts in the revival of the pūtωrino.
War in Rapanui Music: A History of Cultural Representation
Authors: Bendrups Dan
Published: August 2022

This article examines historical associations between music and war on the Polynesian island of Rapanui (Easter Island; figure 1). Throughout Polynesia, bellicose themes appear in the lyrics of songs commemorating legendary battles and warriors, as well as in depictions of combat in staged and un-staged performances appealing to tourist and indigenous audiences alike. On Rapanui, spears, clubs and other artefacts of war embellish performances by contemporary music and dance ensembles, together with dance moves that imitate martial activity. One recently successful ensemble has even taken the name Matato'a (an ancient term meaning ‘warrior’ or ‘guardian') as a means of symbolizing their cultural guardianship. While these performances are aimed at the tourist market, they are not devoid of local significance. Indeed, the recent push to generate a diverse repertoire of Rapanui music for cultural performances has arguably assisted in the revitalization and preservation of precontact songs, chants, and dances that would otherwise be consigned only to the memories of Rapanui elders and the dusty pages of obscure ethnographic works.
Different Temporalities: The Time of Balinese Gamelan
Authors: McGraw Andrew Clay
Published: August 2022

On my first research trip to Bali, Indonesia, I brought along a reasonably expensive digital metronome with the wrongheaded idea that it would somehow aid my learning gamelan music. In a completely uncharacteristic mistake, Singapore Airlines lost my luggage containing the metronome. More than once, my Balinese teachers suggested (only half-kiddingly) that the goddess of music, Saraswati, had probably had a hand in this. Many Balinese teachers have commented that their greatest pedagogical challenge is in helping their foreign students develop a sense of the fluid, flexible nature of Balinese musical time. The differences between Balinese and Euro-American musical time and their representations have partially blinded theorists to its shape, function, and significance. In his magnum opus Music in Bali (1966), Colin McPhee describes a performance that particularly delighted him:

With no rhythmic support of any kind, the players must follow the leading gangsa, partly by watching, partly by ear. They must all feel in the same way the flexible, rubato nature of the passage. The charm of this episode, as played by the gamelan at Jagaraga in 1938, was irresistible. It lay partly in the melody itself, sounding thinly chiming octaves and stressed at intervals by the vibrant tones of the jublags and jegogans. But perhaps most enchanting of all was the lovely pliancy of the passage, and the perfect accord of all the players. (McPhee 1966:350)
The International Folk Music Council/International Council for Traditional Music—Forty Years
Authors: Stockmann Erich
Published: August 2022

Forty years of International Folk Music Council/International Council for Traditional Music means that we already have a history, a comparatively short one, but a real history with high points and low points. I have witnessed over thirty of these years. Don't worry—I am not going to tell you all of my experiences with the ICTM, but I would like to recall a few stories today. Why? Let me say it in the words of the German poet Heinrich Heine: “Der heutige Tag ist ein Resultat des gestrigen. Was dieser gewollt hat, müssen wir erforschen, wenn wir zu wissen wünschen, was jener will”.
‘Economic Tyranny’ and Public Anger in France, 1945–1947
Authors: Mouré Kenneth
Published: August 2022

French price controls and rationing after the Second World War sparked opposition from a broad range of economic actors – farmers, shopkeepers, manufacturers and consumers. Towns rang their church bells to mobilise residents against controllers, whom they attacked with verbal abuse and physical violence. They associated the controllers with Vichy and collaboration with the Nazis, and rejected controls as ‘economic tyranny’. Implicitly, they accepted moderate inflation as the path to economic recovery. This article explains the development of hostility, from wartime frustrations to the violent conflicts that forced the state to retreat and relax controls in 1947.
Who Are Black Lives Matter Activists? Niche Realization in a Multimovement Environment
Authors: Heaney Michael T.
Published: August 2022

Within the context of a social movement, a niche is a set of its supporters’ characteristics that define the movement’s location in a multidimensional space. Niches may clearly separate movements from one another or niches may overlap. This article examines the realization of an activist niche by Black Lives Matter (BLM), which has become one of the most prominent movements of the early twenty-first century. It draws on surveys of 3,860 activists conducted in Washington, DC, in 2017 and 2018, and 393 surveys of activists participating in the March for Racial Justice in five cities in 2017. The results show that BLM activists formed a niche along five dimensions. First, BLM activists have a greater-than-average commitment to intersectional activism than do comparable activists in other movements. Second, they use social media more regularly for political purposes than do their peers working on other causes, which helps the movement operate in a decentralized fashion. Third, they are less satisfied with how democracy is practiced in the United States. Fourth, they are more likely to acknowledge justifications for using violence for political purposes. Fifth, they report having experienced high levels of anger in conjunction with politics.
P.HERC.1384: A BOOK OF CHRYSIPPUS’ON WAYS OF LIFE?
Authors: Ranocchia Graziano
Published: August 2022

P.Herc.1384 preserves an ethical work focusing on the wise man's lifestyle. This work, which had formerly been attributed to the Epicurean Philodemus, has recently been proven to be Stoic instead, and has been assigned to either an early or a second-century BC Cynicising Stoic philosopher. This article, while confirming the Stoic authorship ofP.Herc.1384, shows that it can only belong to Chrysippus or one of his immediate successors and brings forward new evidence in favour of Chrysippus himself. In particular, several arguments allow us to advance an identification with book 1 of his lostPeri biōn.
Cardiomyopathies in the Clinical Practice – an Overview
Authors: Schulz Lukas P. , Vischer Annina S.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Cardiomyopathies are myocardial disorders with a structurally and functionally abnormal heart muscle. In this review, we describe pathophysiological aspects, clinical presentation, diagnosis, risk stratification and therapeutical concepts of the three most common forms of cardiomyopathy: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM).
Pet Ownership and the Future Time Perspective of Older Adults
Authors: Ikeuchi Tomoko , Taniguchi Yu , Abe Takumi , Yokoyama Yuri , Seino Satoshi , Narita Miki , Nishi Mariko , Amano Hidenori , Nofuji Yu , Shinkai Shoji , Kitamura Akihiko , Fujiwara Yoshinori
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Time perspectives may change as people age and become more aware of their limited time remaining in life. A research question is whether awareness of one’s limited time remaining associates with pet ownership among older adults. Although owning pets in old age involves both benefits and risks, the association between pet ownership and subjective remaining time in life remains understudied. The present study examines the associations between pet ownership and the subjective perception of time remaining in life among older adults. We assessed the experience of pet ownership (dog or cat) and age-related future time perspectives of 329 community-dwelling older adults in Japan. By adopting three constructs of the Future Time Perspective scale, we found that current dog ownership was associated with more limited future opportunities but not with limited time left or future constraints. Older dog owners may focus on the present rather than new future opportunities, yet they may see the future of their dogs that require care. Yet no such association was observed among current cat owners. The present findings extend the previous research of age-related future time perspectives by suggesting that pet ownership in late adulthood may be another contributing factor that needs to be better understood.
Relationships Between the Eastward Propagation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and Its Circulation Structure
Authors: Berrington Andrew H. , Sakaeda Naoko , Dias Juliana , Kiladis George N.
Published: August 2022

The circulation associated with convection of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) has been suggested to have an impact on its propagation by a number of previous studies. This circulation contains both flanking Rossby waves to the rear and a Kelvin wave leading the convective center. In this study, individual MJO convective envelopes from a 40‐year database are tracked, a technique to scale the MJO by its zonal wavelength is employed, and statistical methods are used to assess how the MJO circulation pattern might impact its eastward propagation downstream. Results suggest that continuous eastward propagation of the MJO is favored when a strong Kelvin wave circulation is present east of MJO convection, indicated by both an easterly zonal wind anomaly and negative geopotential height anomaly. In addition to the known significance of having Kelvin wave easterly wind anomalies, the results of this study highlight that the existence of negative geopotential height is important to supporting moistening and MJO propagation. It is found that importance of the Kelvin wave signal to MJO propagation depends on the region that the MJO is located over. Kelvin wave circulation east of MJO convection enhances moistening to support continuous eastward propagation of the MJO, mainly through meridional moisture advection due to the coupling between the Kelvin wave and Rossby‐like disturbances east of the active convection. The roles of boundary layer convergence and vertical moistening are also discussed.
Seamless Integration of the Coastal Ocean in Global Marine Carbon Cycle Modeling
Authors: Mathis M. , Logemann K. , Maerz J. , Lacroix F. , Hagemann S. , Chegini F. , Ramme L. , Ilyina T. , Korn P. , Schrum C.
Published: August 2022

We present the first global ocean‐biogeochemistry model that uses a telescoping high resolution for an improved representation of coastal carbon dynamics: ICON‐Coast. Based on the unstructured triangular grid topology of the model, we globally apply a grid refinement in the land‐ocean transition zone to better resolve the complex circulation of shallow shelves and marginal seas as well as ocean‐shelf exchange. Moreover, we incorporate tidal currents including bottom drag effects, and extend the parameterizations of the model's biogeochemistry component to account explicitly for key shelf‐specific carbon transformation processes. These comprise sediment resuspension, temperature‐dependent remineralization in the water column and sediment, riverine matter fluxes from land including terrestrial organic carbon, and variable sinking speed of aggregated particulate matter. The combination of regional grid refinement and enhanced process representation enables for the first time a seamless incorporation of the global coastal ocean in model‐based Earth system research. In particular, ICON‐Coast encompasses all coastal areas around the globe within a single, consistent ocean‐biogeochemistry model, thus naturally accounting for two‐way coupling of ocean‐shelf feedback mechanisms at the global scale. The high quality of the model results as well as the efficiency in computational cost and storage requirements proves this strategy a pioneering approach for global high‐resolution modeling. We conclude that ICON‐Coast represents a new tool to deepen our mechanistic understanding of the role of the land‐ocean transition zone in the global carbon cycle, and to narrow related uncertainties in global future projections.
A Differentiable Hydrology Approach for Modeling With Time‐Varying Parameters
Authors: Krapu Christopher , Borsuk Mark
Published: August 2022

In the analysis of observational data with mathematical models, it is often desirable to let one or more model parameters vary with time to account for changing environmental conditions or to offer more flexibility. A standard approach for dynamic models is to allow for the number of parameters to grow as a function of time, leading to a high‐dimensional inference problem for long data records. We propose using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, a gradient‐based Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, to perform Bayesian inference for time‐varying parameters (TVP) in hydrology models. As derivatives of model error functions with regard to parameters are not available in closed form, we implemented the GR4J rainfall‐runoff models in Theano/PyMC3, and Jax/NumPyro, allowing for the application of automatic differentiation techniques. A simulation experiment assessing the viability of these methods for recovering underlying temporal variation in parameters indicates that a discrete Gaussian random walk‐based prior appears to be best suited across a range of scenarios while the continuous‐time Gaussian process compares relatively poorly. In an analysis of 20 years of daily real‐world streamflow records from the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) hydrology data set with increasing data sparsity and at multiple temporal resolutions, we find that TVP inference with gradient‐based MCMC is a flexible and reliable approach for analyzing hydrology models with dynamic parameter sets.
Atmospheric Contributions to the Reversal of Surface Temperature Anomalies Between Early and Late Winter Over Eurasia
Authors: Xu Xinping , He Shengping , Zhou Botao , Wang Huijun
Published: August 2022

Observations have shown subseasonal reversal of temperature anomalies between early and late winter over Eurasia, which is distinct from the seasonal mean condition. Based on the reanalysis data, the 1800‐year control simulation and the 40‐member ensemble simulations in 1920–2100 from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble (CESM‐LE), this study reveals that the reversal of surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies between early and late winter is one of the dominant and intrinsic features of the Arctic‐Eurasian winter climate. Such a reversal is characterized by “colder Arctic, warmer Eurasia” in December (January–February) and “warmer Arctic, colder Eurasia” in January–February (December). Robust climate dynamic processes associated with the reversal of SAT anomalies, including subseasonal reversals of anomalies in the Ural blocking, midlatitude westerlies, and stratospheric polar vortex, are found in both reanalysis data and CESM simulations, indicating the important role of internal atmospheric variability. Further analysis reveals that the reversal of Ural blocking anomalies in late December can be a potential precursor for the reversal of SAT anomalies in late winter. The reversal of midlatitude westerly wind anomalies associated with the Ural blocking can affect upward propagation of planetary‐scale waves especially with wavenumber 1, subsequently promoting the contribution of stratospheric polar vortex to the reversal of SAT anomalies in late winter over the Arctic‐Eurasian regions. Such a troposphere‐stratosphere pathway triggered by the perturbation of tropospheric circulations is confirmed by the CESM‐LE simulations, and it may be useful for the prediction of subseasonal reversal of SAT anomalies.
Analysis of Ionospheric Compressional Waves and Electron Density Oscillation During Storm Periods Using Swarm Observations
Authors: Wang Hui , He Yangfan , Lühr Hermann
Published: August 2022

Using Swarm satellite observations, we aimed to examine compressional electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and concurrent plasma density oscillations during storm periods (2014–2018). Compressional waves were accompanied by precipitated energetic proton fluxes, which can lead to increased electron density in the F‐layer. Approximately one‐third of compressional waves were accompanied by electron density (Ne) oscillations. The Ne oscillation occurred more frequently during stronger magnetic storms and with EMIC wave events of larger power density. The morning sector and South Atlantic Anomaly region revealed high occurrence rates of Ne oscillations. Its peak occurrence region showed a local time drift during the storm evolution. These variations with magnetic local time and storm phases are consistent with those of EMIC waves. Phases of the EMIC compressional waves and Ne oscillations exhibited a strong correlation. The phases of EMIC waves and Ne oscillations were linearly related, apart from a bias of ∼17.5° or 200.5°. The relative amplitude ratio of most Ne oscillations to the compressional EMIC wave showed a strong correlation with the local Alfven velocity. When the Alfven velocity increased, the relative amplitude ratio also increased, and there appeared a saturation of the relative amplitude ratio at large Alfven velocity.
Seismological Characterization of the 2021 Yangbi Foreshock‐Mainshock Sequence, Yunnan, China: More than a Triggered Cascade
Authors: Zhou Yijian , Ren Chunmei , Ghosh Abhijit , Meng Haoran , Fang Lihua , Yue Han , Zhou Shiyong , Su Youjin
Published: August 2022

The 2021 Mw 6.1 Yangbi earthquake in southwest China is preceded by three major foreshocks: 05/18 Mw 4.3, 05/19 Mw 4.6, and 05/21 Mw 5.2. It provides a valuable chance to revisit two end‐member foreshock models: cascade‐up and pre‐slip models. We first determine the fault structure with relocated aftershocks and the focal mechanisms obtained from a multipoint‐source inversion. We find that the mainshock and two smaller foreshocks occur on an unmapped near‐vertical fault, and the largest foreshock occurs on a mapped stepover fault that dips to northeast. Second, for each major foreshock, we estimate and delineate the rupture area based on its aftershock location and a spectral ratio analysis. Based on the inferred rupture model, we finally calculate the evolution of Coulomb stress and examine potential interactions between each major event. Results show that the Yangbi sequence can be explained by the cascade triggering mechanism, while we also find evidence for aseismic slip that contributes to the triggering process: the first foreshock is preceded by a short‐term localized cluster, three repeater sequences are detected in the foreshock period, and the aftershock zones expand logarithmically with time. The Yangbi mainshock is probably triggered by multiple major foreshocks through both seismic and aseismic processes. This detailed seismological characterization of Yangbi sequence lends supports for an improved understanding on the foreshock mechanism: (a) the controlling mechanisms are not limited to cascade‐up and pre‐slip. Instead, multiple mechanisms can operate together; and (b) aseismic slip does not always provide more deterministic information on the mainshock.