bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genesis of scientific thought regarding the definition of «financial risk»
Authors:   Odesa National University of Technology, Kulakovska Tetiana , Petkova Dina ,   Odesa National University of Technology
Published: February 2025

Financial risk is a key element of the modern economy, which affects the long-term success of companies, industries, and countries. The article analyses scientific and theoretical approaches to understanding the “financial risk” category and considers its dependence and relationship with the “risk” category. Primary attention is paid to three risk theories: subjective, objective, and subjective objective. The evolution of approaches to financial risk from classical theories (F. Knight, G. Markowitz) to modern interdisciplinary approaches is considered, including adapting methods to Ukrainian economic realities. Mathematical models, macroeconomic analysis, and behavioural aspects are highlighted in understanding financial risk. It is determined that the modern interpretation of financial risk includes aspects of uncertainty, volatility, credit, and regulatory factors. The results of the research carried out in the article contribute to the improvement of regulatory mechanisms aimed at controlling and reducing financial risks at the macro and micro levels, help to identify, evaluate, and develop tools for effective management of financial risks, for sustainable development, ensuring the stability of financial systems, which is the foundation for economic growth. This allows organizations to reduce the impact of adverse factors on the activities of enterprises and ensure financial stability, strengthening the stability of economies, enterprises, and society. Understanding financial risks allows for the development of mechanisms to protect investors and consumers of financial services, and using machine learning algorithms to predict risks prevents losses caused by financial crises or fraud. Research helps to identify systemic risks in the early stages and develop strategies to prevent their spread. Aspects of further research are highlighted, which should focus on developing integrated approaches, particularly the use of artificial intelligence, analysis of global risks, and adaptation to climatic and geopolitical challenges.

Keywords: risk, financial risk, uncertainty, probability, threat.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Neurosains Melalui Spitirualitas Dalam Persepektif Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Pasiska Pasiska , Mukmin Taufik
Published: February 2025

In this study, we will review improving the ability of Neuroscience through the perspective of spirituality of Islamic education, the method used in this study is qualitative research, namely research whose approach is library research library research research results of the research is that neuroscience is a science that studies human nerves, but most experts agree that the study discusses or focuses more on the brain. The purpose of this writing is to explain what Neuroscience itself is, how the history of Neuroscience is history, the function of Neuroscience, what is religion, what is spirituality and its differences, and the correlation of Neuroscience itself with spirituality, and the conclusion is that the more often a person does activities, the results obtained can make Neoscience itself healthier, because neuroscience is healthy, a person can carry out his activities to the maximum, especially when it comes to giving birth to creativity. In improving the ability of neuroscience from the perspective of Islamic education, namely by purifying one of them by performing ablution, according to some research results, by performing ablution can provide peace of mind, from a calm soul then make the mind positive and make oneself form good morals from these positive thoughts. In Islam, it is taught from the beginning of childhood and is able to form good character and morals.
Analysis of the Quality of the Faraid Material AKM Instrument to Measure Students' Reasoning Ability with Assistance Ministep
Authors: Lutfiati Nabila , Putranta Himawan
Published: February 2025

21st century skills in Indonesia are relatively low, especially in the literacy and numeracy fields. The government's solution is to implement a Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM). This research aims to analyze the quality of the AKM instrument on faraid material in measuring students' reasoning abilities. The instruments used are evaluated with the help of the software Ministep-based Quick model to ensure validity, reliability, level of difficulty, and function of distractors. The results of the analysis show that the empirical validity of most of the items meets the standards, although several items are declared invalid and require revision. Question reliability showed good consistency with a reliability score of 0.84, while respondent reliability only reached 0.39, indicating a lack of consistency in student answers. Difficulty level analysis produces a distribution of questions that includes easy, medium, difficult, and very difficult categories, ensuring the instrument covers a wide range of student ability levels. In addition, the distractor function was evaluated to ensure the effectiveness of incorrect answer choices in discriminating student understanding. Thus, using Ministep as an evaluation tool helps develop a more valid, reliable, and representative AKM instrument for measuring students' reasoning abilities on varied material.
Pendekatan Humaniora Dalam Integrasi Nilai Keislaman (Perspektif Baru Pendidikan Islam Di IAIN Kerinci)
Authors: Ravico Ravico , Siregar Anggi Desviana , Asbufel Fatnan , Putri Auliani Eka
Published: February 2025

The transformation of Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Kerinci into a center of academic excellence based on the integration of knowledge represents a strategic step to combine Islamic values with modern science. This study explores the history, humanistic paradigm, and strategies for integrating knowledge at IAIN Kerinci. A qualitative method was employed to examine the philosophy, policies, and implementation of knowledge integration through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that IAIN Kerinci strives to create academic distinction by prioritizing local wisdom, Islamic values, and a holistic approach in education, research, and community service. These efforts aim to produce graduates who are intellectually competent, deeply rooted in local cultural values, and capable of competing globally. The study concludes with strategic recommendations to strengthen the institution through curriculum revitalization, faculty quality improvement, and synergistic collaborations with various stakeholders.
The Effectiveness Of The School Literacy Movement (GLS) Program In Increasing Students' Interest In Reading In Subjects PAI Di SMA Negeri 2 Rujukan Lubuklinggau
Authors: Mawardi Anjali Fitrah , Fitriyani Fitriyani , Helandri Joni
Published: February 2025

The background to this research is that the School Literacy Movement (GLS) is a program that aims to increase reading interest and reading skills as well as writing skills. Its implementation at SMA Negeri 2 Lubuklinggau has reached the development stage. The problem in this research is the lack of interest in reading and the lack of awareness among students about how important reading is, especially in PAI subjects. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this research were the deputy principal for curriculum, PAI teachers, school literacy ambassadors, and 11 students as samples taken from each class. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that the effectiveness of the GLS program is very influential in increasing students' reading interest in PAI subjects. With the 15 minute reading habit program and writing activities, students increase awareness of how important reading is. However, some students also expect explanations from the teacher to strengthen what the students have read. Students' interest in reading is also aroused by encouragement from technology which increases students' curiosity. The effectiveness of this program also has a positive effect on students' ethics and manners, by reading they become aware of Islamic teachings about ethics and manners so that they can immediately apply them in their daily lives. In this case, literacy ambassadors also play an active role in providing education to students about the importance of reading.
Comprehensive nursing strategies for burn Care: A Systematic Review
Authors:   AL Harthi Turki Yahya, AL Qhtani Faisal Mohammed, AL Zahrani Ahmed Abdulghani, Sharaheli Aysha Mohamad and Zaila Khalid Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Background: Burn injuries are a significant global health concern, often requiring long-term treatment and rehabilitation. Effective nursing care is essential for improving patient outcomes, preventing complications, and promoting recovery. This systematic review evaluates comprehensive nursing strategies in burn care, focusing on wound management, pain control, infection prevention, psychological support, and rehabilitation. Objectives: To systematically analyze and synthesize evidence on nursing interventions for burn patients, highlighting best practices and their impact on patient outcomes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2016 and 2024. Inclusion criteria involved peer-reviewed studies evaluating nursing care strategies for burn patients, focusing on wound care, infection control, pain management, psychological support, and rehabilitation. Studies were screened, and data were extracted and synthesized for thematic analysis. Results: Findings indicate that specialized wound care techniques, including advanced dressings and hydrotherapy, significantly enhance healing and reduce infection risks. Multimodal pain management strategies, incorporating pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches, improve patient comfort. Early mobilization and rehabilitation interventions are crucial in preventing contractures and promoting functional recovery. Additionally, psychological support interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and peer support programs, enhance mental well-being and reduce post-traumatic stress. Conclusions: Nursing care plays a vital role in optimizing recovery for burn patients. Evidence-based interventions, including advanced wound care, multimodal pain management, infection control, rehabilitation, and psychological support, contribute to improved patient outcomes. Future research should explore standardized nursing protocols and the integration of emerging technologies in burn care to further enhance treatment effectiveness.
History of Toruń’s New Bielany pump station (1916–1917) in the light of archival records
Authors: Jagiełło Daria
Published: February 2025

In the years 2022–2023, the adaptation of one of the former Toruń pumping stations – the so-called Nowe Bielany – was carried out (the completion of its construction is dated at 1917). For many years the plant supported the nearby Stare Bielany main station in supplying the city with water. In the 1980s it was taken out of service and remained unused for the following years. Preparations related to the adaptation project revealed that the history of the station was poorly understood and that the facility had not been the subject of research so far. The article presents an interesting history of the construction and operation of the Nowe Bielany plant. The reasons that ultimately caused its closure are also given. The circumstances of its construction, equipment, architecture, and the realities of the times in which it operated are presented, while the importance of archival research for a better understanding of the facility is highlighted. The text was prepared mainly on the basis of the results of extensive archival research, sometimes confronted with the results of the analysis of the existing facility (before and after the adaptation work). Nowe Bielany, as can be seen from the materials that have been obtained, was a plant built efficiently and with great care (this is also confirmed by the preserved correspondence). Owing to the recurring problems of water shortages in Toruń, great hopes were placed in its construction. Unfortunately, the station did not meet these expectations (very high production costs, rapidly decreasing pump efficiency and too little water in the wells), which is why in the 1930s the search for a location for a new intake began. Although the history presented is not a success story, the Nowe Bielany pumping station complex has turned out to be an interesting and valuable witness to the development of the water and sewage infrastructure in Toruń.
Methods for measuring and evaluating deformation in conservation work on wooden structures: an interdisciplinary case study of the parish church in Domachowo
Authors: Marciniak Piotr , Wyczałek Ireneusz , Pawlak Zdzisław
Published: February 2025

Wooden architecture is not widely represented in the Polish material heritage of culture. An interesting preserved wooden building is the parish church in Domachowo situated in the south part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship. As a result of numerous alterations and modernizations, it is currently a composite structure showing obvious signs of damage to the original geometry. For this reason, a project was initiated to measure the stability of a structure that has been exposed to extreme outdoor forces: mainly gusts of wind and uneven exposure to sunlight. The paper presents the outcomes of an interdisciplinary study on the stability of the structure of the church. The project required the implementation of two measurement methods: a static method at fixed intervals and a dynamic one with continuously recorded readings during the operation of variable loads. The paper also describes the methodology of the implemented static-dynamic measurements and interprets the outcomes with a focus on the precision and stability of long-term readings of inertia sensors, and on the basic evaluation of the structure. The text also looks at the problem of organizing diagnostic procedures in the process of preparing work on a historic building. The outcomes confirm that the combination of the two methods and the unconventional use of precision inclinometers for measuring wooden constructions opens new possibilities for the analysis of the structural deformation in wooden buildings in real-time and, for continuous monitoring of their technical condition. The dynamic-static method can also be used for analyzing structural displacements not only in wooden churches, but also in other historic buildings that are exposed to dynamic deformation. The research project and its outcomes have inspired wider reflection of the role of experimental research in diagnosing historic buildings.
Retro-digitising non-Euclidean physical models in construction history: Challenges, results and potentials
Authors: Wenzel Baris , Vöhringer Christian , Schmid Benjamin , Weber Christiane
Published: February 2025

A range of established methods are currently available for the production of digital models to document, survey, or further develop buildings. Equipment and other technologies have been adopted from other disciplines, such as geodesy, and further developed specifically for the construction industry. These methods, therefore, have a very specific purpose and quickly reach their limits when they leave this primary area of application. As part of a research project “Last Witnesses – Physical Models in Civil Engineering” funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG SPP 2255), an attempt was made to transfer known methods of retro-digitisation from architecture to smaller-scale objects to create digital representations. These small-scaled objects are so-called physical models (Messmodelle), a particular type of model mainly used in civil engineering in the past to test load-bearing structures. The models were mainly used in the 20th century to calculate the behaviour of complex structures; however, both the model building and the mathematical calculations were very time consuming and prone to errors. From the 1960s and 1970s onwards they were replaced by the first powerful computers in the construction industry. This contribution will discuss the special characteristics of these physical models and why they were replaced by computers. We describe the applicability of the different non-destructive methods of retrodigitisation and analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the structured light 3D scan, the 3D laser scan, and photogrammetry. In a further step, the potential of the produced digital twins in different contexts, such as restoration, engineering, or architectural history, will be demonstrated.
Lazio Region Paper Mills vs. Upper Silesia Brownfields: Industrial heritage as a subject of research, projects and international exchange of experience
Authors: Żmudzińska-Nowak Magdalena , Pelliccio Assunta
Published: February 2025

The subject of the research is the sites of former paper mills in the Liri river valley in the Lazio region, which represent a valuable cultural heritage in need of preservation and design intervention, as well as activation involving the authorities, institutions and local communities. The main objective of the inter-university international collaboration, which started back in 2014, is research and didactic design activities based on the exchange of experiences and good practices that we have developed in the Upper Silesia region when revitalising post-industrial sites. The method combines research and design/conceptual work (research by design). The proposed conceptual designs play the role of hypotheses, which are verified at each stage through consultations and discussions with partners, including experts, decision-makers, facility managers and owners and the local resident community. The results of the project, in the form of more than 300 design concepts produced over 10 years with the participation of students from both universities, formed the basis for a public debate on the industrial heritage of the Lazio region. The projects showed that despite the conditions common to post-industrial sites, specific conditions play a key role in the revitalisation process, constituting the distinctiveness of individual examples and their contexts. It is precisely this specificity that is crucial for the proper guidance of the site adaptation process and the success of these activities.
Analysis of the new architectural dataset NeoFaçade and its potential in machine learning
Authors: Kowalska Bianka , Baran Hubert , Hardzetski Daniil , Kwaśnicka Halina , Marcinów Aleksandra , Biegańska Małgorzata
Published: February 2025

The presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in architecture has been growing rapidly in recent years. The collaboration between architects and AI developers has led to significant improvements in various design applications. Further development of machine learning techniques is highly dependent on the availability of large, structured datasets. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the potential of a novel dataset, NeoFaçade, which contains annotated pictures of historical tenements. A comparison of the dataset with existing benchmark datasets, the CMP Façade and the Paris Art-Deco datasets, highlights its exceptional features. Its applications in three machine learning tasks are also presented: semantic segmentation, image translation and image generation. In all three tasks, the models trained with NeoFaçade provide satisfactory results and indicate the great potential of this collection. The planned further development of the dataset will allow the training of more precise models that will be able to distinguish more elements and features of the façades and assist architects in designing tenements.
Evaluation of awareness of existence and potential use of strategic noise maps among residents of the Wawer district in Warsaw
Authors: Kumorek Dominika Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

Noise pollution currently stands as one of the foremost environmental threats. It has a negative impact on both the physical and mental well-being of users inhabiting affected spaces. It results in difficulties in everyday functioning, and with prolonged exposure, even permanent damage to health. The problem intensifies with the number of newly created noise sources and is particularly oppressive in areas where it did not occur until intensive development. Strategic noise maps (SNM) serve as a valuable tool to help in the fight against the constantly spreading noise. They are used to assess the level of noise in the environment and develop effective protection programs against it. Unfortunately, despite widespread availability, an obvious barrier to the full use of strategic noise maps is low public awareness of their existence, content, and potential utility. The article presents an original study aimed at assessing the awareness of residents of the Wawer district of Warsaw about the existence and possibilities of using strategic noise maps. The study used an online survey in which respondents shared their experiences and opinions about strategic noise maps. The survey results clearly showed that residents’ awareness of the existence and concept of strategic noise maps is low. At the same time, awareness of the benefits of using strategic noise maps is quite high. The respondents also listed a number of barriers that they perceive as obstacles to their full use. The findings of the study led to conclusions, proposing solutions that could increase this awareness.
Digital Property as a New Category of Private Law: A Critical Analysis of Different Approaches
Authors:   HSE University, Volos Aleksei A.
Published: February 2025

The author has critically analysed various approaches to the question about digital property as a new category of private law. The author makes an attempt to predict what theoretical and practical problems could be solved if we adopted the concept of digital property in the civil law doctrine. However, his own conclusion is that property law should be preserved in its classical form. The term ‘property’ should not be applied to digital assets. At the same time, the author makes points proving the idea that the relationships connected with different digital assets are absolute legal relationships. In order to give accurate legal description for such legal relations, it is necessary to critically evaluate the existing approaches to absolute and relative legal relations in advance. They should be clarified in some context.
Pre-emptive Right to Purchase Another Person’s Immovable Property: Comprehension of German Experience in the Construction of a New Type of Right In Rem
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shemiakin Konstantin N.
Published: February 2025

The domestic science of civil law offers only fragmentary solutions to certain practical and theoretical issues affecting the pre-emptive rights in rem. Due to the underdevelopment of real estate turnover in the domestic legal order, the pre-emptive right to purchase another person’s immovable property in practice turned out to be simply unknown as a proprietary right, although in the pre-revolutionary Russian doctrine this institute attracted sufficient attention. Only at the level of doctrine of pre-revolutionary times, as well as in the draft of the Civil Code were attempts made to incorporate the newly developed normative material of the German legal order (in terms of the development of the Vorkaufsrecht pre-emptive right of purchase) into the domestic civilistic systematics: in this regard, the right to acquire another’s real estate by analogy with German law was characterised as a real right. Currently, the reform of property rights in the Russian legal order involves another attempt to incorporate the German model of pre-emptive right of purchase. The purpose of this article is to understand the legal nature of the German model of pre-emptive right and the extent to which it is related to the stylistic peculiarities of the German legal order.
At Home among Strangers, a Stranger among His Own, or Autonomous Non-Profit Organisation as a “Non-Profit Limited Liability Company”
Authors:   HSE University (St. Petersburg), Tsepov Georgy V.
Published: February 2025

Although an autonomous non-profit organisation (ANO) formally is classified by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation as a non-profit unitary organisation, it is considered in the article as an organisational and legal form of a legal entity possessing all the necessary characteristics of a non-profit corporation. To increase the efficiency of the activities of autonomous non-profit organisations, ensure the stability of civil turnover and implement the principle of fairness, it is advisable to introduce into the law a default rule on the proportional relationship between the volume of management rights of the founders of an autonomous non-profit organisation and the amount of property contributions made by them, as well as to legislatively regulate the turnover of these rights (“shares”), thereby completing the transformation of ANO into a “non-profit limited liability company”. Pending the amendment of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the Law on Non-Commercial Organisations in the absence of special provisions of the law defining the content of the rights and obligations of the founder of an autonomous non-profit organisation the provisions of Art. 65.2 of the Civil Code on the rights and obligations of participants in a corporation should apply by analogy with the legislation (clause 1 of Article 6 of the Civil Code).
The Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Real Estate: Does the Civil Code Need Updating?
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Zharkova Olga A.
Published: February 2025

The article analyses the dynamics of development of civil legislation in terms of regulation of real estate issues. The author comes to the conclusion that under the influence of public law legislation, reasonable changes were made to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, while the concept of a real estate has not changed for thirty years, and this, in the author’s opinion, is also justified. In general, the author comes to the conclusion that despite diametrically opposed goals, in real estate matters, civil and public legislation coexist quite harmoniously.
Innovative Digital Technologies in Finance for Promoting Sustainable Development Goals: Baltic Economies Compared to OECD Countries
Authors: Kuzmina Jekaterina , Romānova Inna , Natrins Andris , Spilbergs Aivars , Mavlutova Inese
Published: February 2025

Financial technologies support achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs)from the micro level to the entire economy. The study aims to reveal the role of innovative digital technologies in the financial sector in promoting the SDGs, paying special attention to the Baltic countries. Digital financial technologies and their application for ensuring sustainable development, focusing on the analysis of achieving sustainable development goals in the Baltic countries, thus providing the link between innovative digital technologies and promoting sustainable development goals, are under investigation. The study identifies the SDGs significantly affected by technological innovations in the financial sector: SDG 1 refers to the necessity of ending poverty; SDG 8 promotes inclusive and sustainable economic growth; SDG 9 stresses the importance of resilient infrastructure, industrialization, and innovation; and SDG 10 appeals to reduce inequality within and among countries. The countries' performance in achieving these SDGs is heterogeneous: Baltic countries need to improve the achievement of these four SDGs, lagging behind other OECD countries due to the relatively low level of digital technologies.
Automatic System for Solar Panel Cleaning
Authors: Ciufudean Calin , Buzduga Corneliu
Published: February 2025

The article discusses the development of a prototype automatic system, i.e. an autonomous robot, in our discrete event systems laboratory. This system aims to enhance the energy production efficiency of solar or photovoltaic panels by automating the cleaning process. The project's primary objective is to create a financially affordable solution, as current automatic cleaning systems are tailored for large-scale photovoltaic parks and are prohibitively expensive for individual consumers. Many solar panel users currently rely on companies with specialized human operators for panel cleaning, but this presents challenges such as the lack of a permanent and convenient solution for the customer and risks for the service provider.
New Right-truncated Shanker Distribution with Application to the Adaptive Multiple Dependent State Sampling Plan
Authors: Bamrungsetthapong Wimonmas , Yimnak Kanittha , Charongrattanasakul Pramote
Published: February 2025

This study introduces and tests a new right-truncated Shanker distribution (RT-SD) that has specific statistical properties on four real datasets. The results showed that RT-SD is more consistent with the real dataset than the existing Shanker distribution. Furthermore, the adaptive multiple dependent state sampling plan (AMDSSP) implements the proposed new truncated distribution under the truncated life test. This sampling plan is constructed by integrating the principles of the double sampling plans (DSP) and the multiple dependent state sampling plans (MDSSP). The AMDSSP has greater inspection efficiency than the existing sampling plan. A nonlinear optimization is employed to calculate the optimal plan parameters for minimizing the average sample number (ASN) under various conditions for producers and consumers. A comparison between the AMDSSP under the RT-SD and the AMDSSP under the Weibull distribution (WD) was considered under the ASN based on the real dataset. The results showed that the proposed AMDSSP is more effective in terms of ASN when used with RT-SD.
Exploring Models with Generalized Gamma Density in Statistical Theory
Authors: Ferreira Sandra S. , Antunes Patrícia , Ferreira Dário
Published: February 2025

In the paper, we present a comprehensive exploration of the mathematical properties, applications, and scholarly contributions associated with the generalized gamma family. We study connections between cumulants and central moments and analyze the parameter estimation of the Generalized Gamma distribution in mixed models.
Literaturstudie zu PFAS im Innenraum: Expositionsabschätzung gegenüber Hausstaub und Raumluft sowie deren Bewertung/PFAS indoors: exposure assessment to house dust and indoor air and its evaluation
Authors: Pfeil Sonja , Maraun Wigbert
Published: February 2025

Die Exposition gegenüber per- und polyfluorierten Alkylverbindungen (PFAS) im Innenraum über Hausstaub und Raumluft fand in der offiziellen Risikobetrachtung bislang wenig Beachtung. Daten aus der Literatur belegen jedoch, dass vor allem Kinder einer besonders hohen Belastung in Innenräumen ausgesetzt sein können. Hohe PFAS-Konzentrationen werden z. B. in Staubproben aus Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen, aber auch aus KFZ-Innenräumen vorgefunden, in denen Kindersitze transportiert werden. Die tolerierbare wöchentliche Aufnahme (TWI) für Kinder kann allein über den Expositionspfad Staub um das bis zu 420-fache überschritten werden. Der größte Expositionspfad über Nahrungsmittel und Trinkwasser wird dabei noch nicht berücksichtigt. Daraus resultiert die dringende Notwendigkeit eines Innenraummonitorings für PFAS. Bei der Risikobetrachtung spielt insbesondere die Vorgehensweise bei der Probenahme von Staub und Raumluft eine große Rolle, um vergleichbare Messdaten zu erhalten. Erstmals wird eine Strategie zur standardisierten Probenahme und Bewertungskriterien für Innenraumluft und Hausstaub vorgestellt.
NIS2 und nun?
Authors: Stradomsky Christopher
Published: February 2025

Das NIS2-Umsetzungs- und Cybersicherheitsstärkungsgesetz (NIS2UmsuCG) wird für besonders wichtige Einrichtungen erhebliche Konsequenzen mit sich bringen, wohingegen für Betreiber kritischer Anlagen nur geringfügige Änderungen vorzunehmen sind. Der vorliegende Artikel soll einen Einblick in das NIS2UmsuCG liefern, die Anforderungen extrahieren, Umsetzungshinweise liefern und auf Auswirkungen für die deutsche Wirtschaft eingehen.
Wasserstoff-Indikator- Suprapartikel zum Nachweis von Wasserstoff-Leckagen
Authors: Wenderoth Sarah , Schug Benedikt
Published: February 2025

Die Technologie, die am Fraunhofer ISC und der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität entwickelt wurde, zeigt Wasserstoffleckagen durch einen zweistufigen Farbumschlag. Zunächst färbt sich der Indikator von violett nach pink bei einer einmaligen Wasserstoffexposition. Bei kontinuierlicher Belastung entfärbt sich das Pulver, kehrt jedoch in Abwesenheit von Wasserstoff in den pinken Zustand zurück. Der Indikator besteht aus Mikropartikeln, die Silica-Nanopartikel, Platin-Nanopartikel und Farbstoffe kombinieren, was einen schnellen Farbwechsel ermöglicht. Das System kann in verschiedenen Formaten wie z.B. Beschichtungen oder Teststreifen eingesetzt werden. Es steigert die Sicherheit im Umgang mit Wasserstoff und fördert dessen Akzeptanz als nachhaltige Energiequelle.
Syntactic features of onomatopoeic words in the Chinese language (based on GENG ERLING'S views)
Authors:   Teacher at Oriental University, Uzbekistan, qizi Tashmuxamedova Dildora Aziz
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the role of onomatopoeic words in Chinese sentence structure. It presents the views of prominent Chinese linguists on onomatopoeic words and illustrates their syntactic functions with examples. The study analyzes perspectives from the book Modern Chinese Grammar.
The people should not serve government institutions; government institutions should serve the people
Authors:   Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in History, Associate Professor at Bukhara Innovation University, Uzbekistan, Shavkatovna Ahmadova Zebiniso
Published: February 2025

The ongoing reforms aimed at involving the private sector in the execution of state functions play a significant role in ensuring the effectiveness of state authority and governance bodies.

In particular, as part of the Administrative Reforms Concept adopted in 2017 in the Republic of Uzbekistan, six priority directions for a comprehensive reform of the state management system were defined, and—based on a special “Roadmap”—the activities of more than 100 state and economic management bodies were scheduled for review. The material and technical provisions of local governments, along with the wage payment system for their employees, were revised, thereby ensuring the practical independence of local bodies in the formation and management of local budgets.
Frequency of high blood pressure among the adult population in kebi state
Authors:   PhD student of city university Cambodia, Department of public health, Cambodia, Bundaram Abubakar Danjuma
Published: February 2025

This Article evaluated the prevalence of High Blood Pressure and its Associated Factors among the Adult in an outpatient clinics in Kebbi State Nigeria. Hypertension, the silent killer, remains a major global health challenge in this 21st century despite advancements in technology and increasingly available therapeutic options. According to a new report from the World Health Organization, Hypertension is now the number 1 risk factor for premature death worldwide. It is preventable, controllable, and treatable, yet, a major threat to human survival at the global level. It affects more than one billion people and acts as the most prevalent risk factor for global mortality, with the highest prevalence of 27% in the WHO African Region. Nigeria, the most populous country in this region, contributes enormously to this burden. The rate is surging high as people gain more access to fast foods and live more sedentary lifestyles.This exploratory study is therefore aimed at assessing the prevalence and determinants of hypertension among the adult population in Kebbi State. The state is in the northwest region, which has one of the highest natality and mortality rate in Nigeria. Knowing the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors in this small unit of the country will inform the government on the development of an appropriate measure for its effective management. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 270 Hospital outpatient attendees in Kebbi State. Participants were selected by simple random sampling, and a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data over a period of three (3) months. Standardized and calibrated instruments were also used to measure the systotic and diastolic blood pressure, and other anthropometric variables such as height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and multiple body composition indices. Logistic regression analysis was conducted and statistical significance was declared at a p-value ≤0.05. Descriptive statistical techniques and correlation techniques that include correlation analysis, ANOVA and regression analysis were used to analyse the information. Data analysis by Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0 revealed a prevalence of 28.9%. This is a signal of a hidden epidemic that requires intense public enlightenment on healthy lifestyles, enhanced Community screening programs, early detection through regular checkups, and a review of current guidelines on the management of hypertension. Age, BMI, and level of education were the three factors identified in this study as having enough covariates to predict hypertension. Lifestyle modification in the form of a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, and healthy eating habits would reduce hypertension and its consequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Kebbi State, northwestern region of Nigeria.
Learning fast and accurate absolute pitch judgment in adulthood
Authors: Wong Yetta Kwailing , Cheung Leo Y. T. , Ngan Vince S. H. , Wong Alan C.-N.
Published: February 2025

Absolute pitch (AP) refers to the ability to identify the pitch of a tone without external references. It is commonly believed that only individuals with special genetic makeup and early musical training within the critical period can develop AP. Recent studies have begun to challenge the critical period notion by showing the possibility of AP acquisition in adults. However, the learning effects could be attributed to learning of pitch height instead of chroma, extended working memory, relative pitch strategies, chance under repeated attempts, pre-existing AP abilities and/or specific cognitive profiles. An 8-week online computerized training program was designed to address these concerns and clarify learnability of AP in adulthood. Twelve musicians on average spent 21.4 h completing 15,327 training trials. By the end of the training, they learned to name an average of 7.08 pitches (ranging from 3 to 12) at an accuracy of 90% or above and within a response-time (RT) window of 1,305–2,028 ms. After training, pitch-naming accuracy was significantly improved by 128.1% (from .139 to .317) and size of error reduced by 42.7% (from 2.62 to 1.50 semitones) for the trained timbre, which generalized partially to an untrained timbre. Overall, results provide more convincing evidence for the learnability of AP judgment in adulthood beyond the critical period, similar to most perceptual and cognitive abilities.
Synthesis of new condensed naphthoquinone, pyran and pyrimidine furancarboxylates
Authors: Gomonov Kirill A , Pelipko Vasilii V , Litvinov Igor A , Pilipenko Ilya A , Stepanova Anna M , Lapatin Nikolai A , Baichurin Ruslan I , Makarenko Sergei V
Published: February 2025

New representatives of dioxodihydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-, furo[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-, furo[2,3-d]pyrano[4,3-b]pyran-, furo[2',3':4,5]pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-, and furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine carboxylates were obtained from the reactions of alkyl 3-bromo-3-nitroacrylates with representatives of carbo- and heterocyclic CH-acids under simple conditions, without the use of organocatalysts. The structures of the synthesized compounds were proven by a set of physicochemical methods, including X-ray diffraction analysis.
Usability and Performance of Self-Fitting Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids
Authors: Knoetze Megan , Manchaiah Vinaya , Swanepoel De Wet
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids can potentially improve access to hearing-health careand enable individuals with mild-to-moderate hearing loss to self-manage their condition. This study com-pared the usability and performance of a range of self-fitting over-the-counter (OTC-SF) hearing aids.Research Design: This cross-sectional study evaluated six OTC-SF hearing aids.Study Sample: Forty-three adults with self-perceived mild-to-moderate hearing difficulties participatedin this study.Data Collection and Analysis: Participants were randomly assigned to two of six OTC-SF hearingaids and used the manufacturer-provided instructions and smartphone applications. These hearingaids included HP Hearing PRO, Jabra Enhance Plus, Lexie B2 Powered by Bose, Lexie Lumen,Soundwave Sontro, and Sony CRE-C10. Usability was assessed based on the fitting time, hearing aidskills and knowledge (HASK), self-reported ease of the SF process, and Post-Study System UsabilityQuestionnaire (PSSUQ) results. Performance was evaluated using the judgment of sound quality (JSQ)test and speech-in-noise benefit using the digits-in-noise and quick speech-in-noise tests.Results: Fitting time ranged from 14.4 to 27.1 min, with Lexie Lumen requiring the longest time (27.1 min;standard deviation [SD], 5.9 min) and HP Hearing PRO requiring the shortest time (14.4 min; SD = 1.9 min).The HASK scores varied, with Soundwave Sontro achieving the highest score (8.9/10) and HP Hear-ing PRO achieving the lowest score (6.8/10). Self-reported ease of SF and PSSUQ scores did notdiffer significantly between the OTC-SF hearing aids. Overall sound quality and clarity ratings signifi-cantly differed, with Lexie B2 receiving the highest rating (8.1/10 and 7.5/10) and HP Hearing PROreceiving the lowest rating (6.3/10 and 5.1/10). Speech-in-noise benefit did not differ significantlybetween devices. A thematic analysis identified seven themes of the participants’ SF experiencesand six themes of the researcher’s field notes. Participants generally considered OTC-SF hearing aidsuser-friendly, although issues with Bluetooth connectivity, handling and insertion, and sound quality werenoted by the researcher as common challenges.Conclusions: Usability and performance of OTC-SF hearing aids were similar across devices in termsof useability and speech-in-noise benefits. However, the devices exhibited variations in fitting time,HASK, and sound quality, including the overall impression and clarity. These findings can support thedecisions of consumers and recommendations of health-care professionals. Further research of thelong-term usability and selection processes of OTC-SF hearing aids is necessary.
Baclofen for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Cochrane Review Summary With Commentary
Authors: Kennedy Sara M. , Ali Rania
Published: February 2025

This brief summarizes the Cochrane Review, “Baclofen for Alcohol Use Disorder,” by R. Agabio, R. Saulle, S. Rösner, and S. Minozzi (https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012557.pub3). The Cochrane Review examines evidence for benefits and harms of baclofen on achieving and maintaining abstinence or reducing alcohol consumption in people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) compared to placebo, no treatment, or any other pharmacological relapse prevention treatment. Review authors conclude that baclofen likely reduces the risk of relapse to any drinking and increases the percentage of abstinent days, mainly among participants who completed alcohol detoxification. Overall, the review suggests that baclofen may help people with AUD in maintaining abstinence. Evidence from a recent review by the RTI–University of North Carolina Evidence-based Practice Center on pharmacotherapy for the treatment of AUD also supports the use of Food and Drug Administration–approved medications like naltrexone and acamprosate. Treatment decisions should consider medication effectiveness, ease of use, side effects, and patient preferences. The review and original commentary acknowledge the limitations of the evidence, suggesting that future research should prioritize direct comparisons between medications, studies in primary care settings, and investigation of treatment effectiveness in diverse populations.
Use of Cloud Maintenance Practices for Metadata Management in Federal University Libraries in North Central States of Nigeria
Authors: Hussaini Mustapha Yusuf , Maifata Nurudeen Mu’azu , Yusuf Ahmed
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the adoption of cloud maintenance practices for metadata management in federal university libraries within the North Central states of Nigeria. Metadata management is a critical component of library operations, ensuring the organization, retrieval, and preservation of digital resources. By leveraging cloud technologies, libraries can enhance metadata accuracy, security, and accessibility while addressing challenges like data loss and resource limitations. The study employed a quantitative methodology using a cross-sectional survey design to collect data from seven federal universities, analyzing cloud practices, their impact on metadata management, and the challenges faced. Findings revealed the adoption of advanced practices such as encryption, automated performance monitoring, and disaster recovery strategies, significantly enhancing metadata reliability and security. However, foundational practices like standardized metadata schemas and frequent backups were less consistently implemented, indicating gaps in a holistic cloud strategy. The study also identified key challenges, including inadequate IT infrastructure, insufficient funding, lack of skilled personnel, and cybersecurity threats, which hinder the effective adoption and sustainability of cloud maintenance practices. These barriers, compounded by issues like poor internet connectivity and resistance to technology adoption, limit the libraries’ ability to fully leverage cloud technologies. To overcome these challenges, the study recommends targeted investments in IT infrastructure, staff training, and secure funding mechanisms, alongside strengthening both foundational and advanced cloud practices. By addressing these areas, federal university libraries can achieve more effective metadata management, ensuring improved service delivery and the sustainability of their digital resource management systems.