bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect and Mechanism of an ACT‐Based Psychological Resilience Intervention Targeting Students Failing in Postgraduate Entrance Examinations in China: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Han Jing , Zhao Ziyi , Ren Zhihong
Published: January 2025

The postgraduate entrance examination frenzy is a widespread and intense phenomenon in China. As the number of students who failed the examination surged, the ensuing mental health problems became prominent. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an online ACT‐based group resilience course, which incorporated the six core components of ACT and integrated elements of Chinese culture, in alleviating psychological distress among students who failed the examination. It also explored the mechanism by which the intervention affected changes in psychological distress. A total of 61 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 30). They attended an 8‐day group course, with 2‐h sessions each day. The study outcomes were psychological distress, resilience, psychological flexibility (PF), and psychological inflexibility (PI). These outcomes were measured at baseline, post‐intervention, and 1‐month follow‐up. Linear mixed models (LMMs) showed significant group × time interactions for all outcome variables, except for stress, which showed a marginally significant interaction. Post hoc analyses revealed significant improvements in depression, resilience, and PF at both post‐intervention and at the 1‐month follow‐up. Additionally, significant reductions in anxiety and a marginally significant reduction in stress were observed at the 1‐month follow‐up. However, no significant reduction was found in PI. The multiple mediation model showed that the intervention improved psychological distress by increasing resilience and PF. These findings suggest that online resilience group intervention is generally effective in enhancing resilience and alleviating psychological distress and is acceptable to students who have failed the postgraduate entrance examination, as evidenced by high participant engagement and satisfaction.
Response of Amblyseius swirskii to deltamethrin
Authors: Benavent‐Albarracín Luis , Pérez‐Hedo Meritxell , Alonso‐Valiente Miquel , Catalán José , Urbaneja Alberto , González‐Cabrera Joel
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The rising demand for environmentally friendly pest control highlights the importance of understanding the interaction between natural enemies and pesticides. Amblyseius swirskii, a predatory mite extensively used in biocontrol, plays a crucial role in managing pest populations in agricultural systems. Integrating this mite with selective pesticide use within integrated pest management (IPM) would significantly advance pest control and may reduce pesticide residues in the environment and agricultural produce.

This study characterized the susceptibility of two Amblyseius swirskii colonies to deltamethrin, a widely used pesticide, to assess their potential integration into IPM strategies.

RESULTS

Both colonies exhibited significant tolerance to deltamethrin at concentrations higher than the maximum recommended field rate. Our analysis identified mutations in the target site in both populations. The commercial population also showed a contribution of cytochromes P450 to the resistant phenotype. Despite these results, semi‐field trials revealed a significant reduction in mite counts post‐treatment with deltamethrin; various experiments were conducted to understand this discrepancy.

CONCLUSION

This study underscores the need for comprehensive evaluations of pesticide impacts on biological control agents to optimize IPM strategies. Understanding pesticide resistance and field performance dynamics is crucial for developing sustainable pest management practices that ensure environmental resilience and agricultural productivity. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Spatiotemporal‐Behavior‐Based Neighborhood Interaction Opportunities and Subjective Neighborhood Perception in Mixed‐Housing Neighborhoods: A Case Study of Fuzhou, China
Authors: Tang Yifan , Zhang Xue
Published: January 2025

Research on residential spatial segregation has been increasingly emphasized by urban planners and geographers. This study delves into the long‐debated social effects of mixed‐housing neighborhood policies, focusing on the crucial aspect of social integration among residents. Our empirical research, conducted in Fuzhou, China, involves a comprehensive analysis of residents' spatiotemporal behavior across different housing types. By examining 48‐h activity diaries and socioeconomic questionnaires, and assessing neighborhood spatiotemporal opportunities for socializing, we aim to shed light on the relationship between objective and subjective perspectives of interaction. The influencing factors were revealed based on multiple linear regression modeling. Our findings reveal that residents of affordable housing exhibit higher levels of social interaction opportunities, whereas those in commercial housing demonstrate greater willingness to interact with neighbors. Moreover, residents' spatiotemporal behavior has a greater impact on the results of objective measures of neighborhood interaction opportunities, especially indicators related to shopping activities. In terms of policy recommendations, the study suggests organizing more community activities, improving the built environment, and enriching various consumption spaces around neighborhoods to foster interactions among residents of different housing types.
A Multiple‐Model‐Informed Drug‐Development Approach for Optimal Regimen Selection of an Oncolytic Virus in Combination With Pembrolizumab
Authors: Yamada Akihiro , Choules Mary P. , Brightman Frances A. , Takeshita Shigeru , Nakao Shinsuke , Amino Nobuaki , Nakayama Takeshi , Takeuchi Masato , Komatsu Kanji , Ortega Fernando , Mistry Hitesh , Orrell David , Chassagnole Christophe , Bonate Peter L.
Published: January 2025

The antitumor efficacy of an intratumoral injection of a genetically engineered oncolytic vaccinia virus carrying human IL‐7 and murine IL‐12 genes (hIL‐7/mIL‐12‐VV) was demonstrated in CT26.WT‐bearing mice. In the CT26.WT‐bearing mouse model, the efficacy of the combination of hIL‐7/mIL‐12‐VV plus the anti‐programmed cell death protein (PD)‐1 antibody was determined to be correlated with the timing of administration: greater efficacy was observed when hIL‐7/mIL‐12‐VV was administered before the anti‐PD‐1 agent instead of simultaneous administration. To identify an optimal dosing regimen for first‐in‐human clinical trials, a multiple model‐informed drug‐development (MIDD) approach was used through development of a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model and an agent‐based model (ABM). All models were built and verified using available literature and preclinical study data. Multiple dosing scenarios were explored using virtual populations by altering the interval between hIL‐7/hIL‐12‐VV and pembrolizumab administration. In contrast with observations from preclinical studies, both the QSP and the ABM models demonstrated no antagonistic effect on the dose‐dependent antitumor efficacy of hIL‐7/hIL‐12‐VV by pembrolizumab in simulations of clinical therapy. Based on the MIDD strategy, it was recommended that the highest dose of hIL‐7/hIL‐12‐VV and pembrolizumab should be administered on the same day, but with pembrolizumab administration following hIL‐7/hIL‐12‐VV administration. Multiple different modeling approaches uniquely supported and informed the first‐in‐human clinical trial design by guiding the optimal dose and regimen selection.
Responding to the October 7th Attack: Analyzing Israeli Public Organizations' Crisis Communication and Citizen Engagement on Social Media
Authors: Mabillard Vincent , Zumofen Raphaël , Yavetz Gal , Bronstein Jenny
Published: January 2025

Following the Hamas attack of October 7, 2023, in Israel, communication instantly became an essential tool for public officials needing to inform and protect the population. This paper analyzes how Facebook was used by Israeli public organizations after the attack, and the impact of social‐media content on citizen engagement in the case of a terrorist attack. Such attacks often involve unpredictable, rapidly evolving situations that require immediate and accurate information dissemination to counteract misinformation and panic. Our analysis helps better understand audiences' reactions based on the contents shared. By identifying engaging messages, public administrations can refine their strategies to efficiently share critical information on social media. Based on comparisons of post content categories, our analysis reveals that while news‐related posts generate more engagement, the opposite applies to reassurance and empowerment. The highest levels of engagement, in absolute terms, are observed when public authorities publish posts about citizen collaboration.
Wide‐Bandgap Cu(In, Ga)S2 Solar Cell: Mitigation of Composition Segregation in High Ga Films for Better Efficiency
Authors: Adeleye Damilola , Sood Mohit , Valluvar Oli Arivazhagan , Törndahl Tobias , Hultqvist Adam , Vanderhaegen Aline , Lanzoni Evandro Martin , Hu Yucheng , Kusch Gunnar , Melchiorre Michele , Redinger Alex , Oliver Rachel A. , Siebentritt Susanne
Published: January 2025

Cu(In, Ga)S2 demonstrates potential as a top cell material for tandem solar cells. However, achieving high efficiencies has been impeded by open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficits arising from In‐rich and Ga‐rich composition segregation in the absorber layer. This study presents a significant improvement in the optoelectronic quality of Cu(In, Ga)S2 films through the mitigation of composition segregation in three‐stage co‐evaporated films. By elevating the substrate temperature during the first stage, the intermixing of In and Ga is promoted, leading to reduced Cu(In, Ga)S2 composition segregation. Furthermore, the optimization of Cu‐excess during the second stage minimizes non‐radiative voltage loss. These combined strategies yield quasi‐Fermi level splitting exceeding 1 eV and a record VOC of 981 mV in Cu(In, Ga)S2 devices. Consequently, a champion device achieves an in‐house power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.1% (active area) and a certified PCE of 14.8%, highlighting the potential of Cu(In, Ga)S2 as a stable and efficient top‐cell device for tandem photovoltaics.
Facile Design of Highly Stretchable and Conductive Crumpled Graphene/NiS2 Films for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Weng Kangwei , Jing Qiji , Gao Jindong , Wang Weiguo , Zhang Chen , Wang Jun , Cheng Huanyu , Zhang Cheng
Published: January 2025

The cost‐effective and scalable synthesis and patterning of soft nanomaterial composites with improved electrical conductivity and mechanical stretchability remains challenging in wearable devices. This work reports a scalable, low‐cost fabrication approach to directly create and pattern crumpled porous graphene/NiS2 nanocomposites with high mechanical stretchability and electrical conductivity through laser irradiation combined with electrodeposition and a pre‐strain strategy. With modulated mechanical stretchability and electrical conductivity, the crumpled graphene/NiS2 nanocomposite can be readily patterned into target geometries for application in a standalone stretchable sensing platform. By leveraging the electrical energy harvested from the kinetic motion from wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and stored in micro‐supercapacitor arrays (MSCAs) to drive biophysical sensors, the system is demonstrated to monitor human motions, body temperature, and toxic gas in the exposed environment. The material selections, design strategies, and fabrication approaches from this study provide functional nanomaterial composites with tunable properties for future high‐performance bio‐integrated electronics.
Colloidal Synthesis of Na2Fe2(SO4)3 Nanocrystals as the Cathode Toward High‐Rate Capability and High‐Energy Density Sodium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Li Shuhui , Wang Weihuang , Jia Yixin , Xu Huidong , Liu Rui , Wang Zheng , Xie Zicheng , Zhang Lantian , He Rong , Wang Liangbing
Published: January 2025

Alluaudite‐type Na2+2xFe2‐x(SO4)3 (NFS) with high theoretical energy density is regarded as the promising cathode of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), while practical rate and cyclic performances are still hindered by intrinsic poor conductivity. Here, a facile method is developed, collaborating high‐boiling organic solvents assisted colloidal synthesis (HOS‐CS) with sintering for tailoring Na2Fe2(SO4)3 nanocrystals decorated by conductive carbon network toward high‐rate‐capability cathode of SIBs. Impressively, the as‐prepared Na2Fe2(SO4)3@MC provides 60.6 and 46.9 mAh g−1 of reversible capacities even at ultrahigh rates of 20 and 30 C, respectively, ranking the superior state among the current NFS‐based cathode. More importantly, Na2Fe2(SO4)3@MC achieves 73% of capacity retention at 20 C after 500 cycles, highlighting its potential for application as a fast chargeable cathode. As a bonus, the full‐cell configuration constructed with Na2Fe2(SO4)3@MC cathode and commercial hard carbon (HC) anode delivers 45.6 mAh g−1 at 10 C and 68.3 mAh g−1 of initial capacity with ≈79.4% of retention after 100 cycles at 2 C. Also, Na2Fe2(SO4)3@MC||HC full cell supplies as high as 140 Wh kg−1 of practical energy density. This work offers a novel approach to prepare NFS cathode for SIBs with both high energy density and fast‐charging ability.
Microstructure, Hardness, and Tensile Properties of Additively Manufactured Low‐Alloy Steel: A Review
Authors: Sabuz Ezazul Haque , Shabib Ishraq
Published: January 2025

As additive manufacturing (AM) shows great promise in generating functional parts, the list of printable ferrous alloys is growing steadily. Low‐alloy steels are such alloys that hold the prospect of being low cost and possessing high strength for structural applications. The AM community is increasingly focusing on examining the properties of such low‐alloy steels fabricated using different additive techniques. However, the impact of various printing conditions and heat treatments used after printing on the properties of AM low‐alloy steel has not yet been well reviewed. In this review, the microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of nine different low‐alloy steels (4130, 4140, 4340, 5115, 5120, 8620, 8740, 24CrNiMo, Bainidur) have been discussed under different printing parameters and postprinting treatment conditions. In general, the microstructure of additively manufactured low‐alloy steels contains martensite, tempered martensite, and bainite with a small percentage of retained austenite. The hardness and tensile strength of AM low‐alloy steels are higher than the wrought counterparts. However, the microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties significantly change based on the processing parameters and postprinting heat treatments.
Analysis of Microstructure Molecular Dynamics and Slag–Metal Reaction of Low‐Basicity CaOSiO2Al2O3MgO System Refining Slag
Authors: Fu Qiang , He Yingli , Liu Zhenhai , Jiao Shiyan , Min Yi , Liu Chengjun
Published: January 2025

To clarify the effect of slag composition changes on the slag–metal interface reaction, the microstructure of the CaOSiO2Al2O3MgO system molten refining slag is analyzed using molecular dynamics simulation. In the simulation results, it is shown that in the slag, the SiO bond and AlO bond mainly exist in a tetrahedral coordination, mainly including five structural forms: Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4. In addition, AlO also exists in a pentahedral and hexahedral coordination. With the increase of basicity, the proportion of aluminum–oxygen tetrahedral structure in the slag increases, the AlO bond length decreases, and the average diffusion ability of each atom in the slag increases, which can promote the reduction of aluminum in the slag into the steel melt. With the increase of Al2O3 content, the degree of slag polymerization increases, the proportion of pentacoordinated and hexacoordinated aluminum increases, the AlO bond length increases, and the average diffusion ability of each atom in the slag decreases, which can inhibit the reduction of aluminum in the slag into the steel melt.
Risk Management and Fault Detection Methods in Building Energy Renovation
Authors: Lastovets Natalia , Hirvonen Janne , Elsayed Mohamed , Sormunen Piia
Published: January 2025

Multifaceted challenges spanning the entire building’s lifecycle hinder energy efficiency in renovation projects. Despite regulatory frameworks for buildings’ renovation, operation and commissioning at both EU and national levels, numerous buildings fall short of energy performance targets. This persistent energy performance gap stems from decision-making processes across the building lifecycle, necessitating a comprehensive approach to practical solutions.

Notably, modern hybrid energy systems and complex building automation demand meticulous attention to ensure optimal functionality.

In Finland, current commissioning guidelines cover the design and planning phases but do not adequately address the construction and usage phases. In addition, the lack of training and motivation among managers and experts involved in energy renovation projects hinders data-driven insights.

To address this issue, the study examines obstacles that face current energy renovation projects, such as measurement inaccuracies, data limitations, fault diagnostic methods, compliance issues, and practical impediments. The research involved a literature review and expert interviews.

Initial findings reveal significant challenges investigators face when assessing energy efficiency in real-world scenarios. Measurement inaccuracies, data limitations, and practical impediments like compliance issues and fault diagnostic methods were identified as significant obstacles. Analysis of energy efficiency indicators used for building performance evaluation indicates a wide range of metrics employed. However, quantification in practical applications varies, posing challenges to establishing consistent evaluation standards.

These preliminary results highlight the complexity and multifaceted nature of energy efficiency challenges in building renovations. Early exploration of risk management practices for hybrid energy systems emphasises the need for a specific model addressing design and deployment risks. Insights from international practices are being gathered to propose effective risk management strategies tailored to the Finnish construction field.
Non-Destructive Assessment of Reclaimed Timber Elements Using CT Scanning: Methods and Computational Modelling Framework
Authors: Tamke Martin , Svilans Tom , Huber Johannes A. J. , Wuyts Wendy , Thomsen Mette Ramsgaard
Published: January 2025

The reuse and recycling of timber are crucial for a circular economy, but barriers like insufficient information and concerns about material quality hinder their industrial-scale implementation. Uncertainty about mechanical properties often leads to downcycling and CO2 release. Circular practices involve cascading reuse of timber, but downcycling occurs at each step, leading to waste. To maintain carbon storage, reclaimed timber should be used with maximum integrity, like in load-bearing beams. Non-destructive assessment methods for reclaimed timber face challenges due to variations in origin, age, and wear conditions. X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning in conjunction with computational mechanics provides a means to structurally assess wood based on its internal density distribution. In this paper, a modelling pipeline is proposed using CT-based finite element analysis to assess the quality of reclaimed timber elements. The pipeline is part of an ongoing investigation where timber stiffness and strength are evaluated both destructively and non-destructively using various measurement modalities. Accurate non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of reclaimed timber could optimize its use and enable repeated reuse. In subsequent research, the pipeline will be validated and simplified to aim for practical application.
Early-Day Effects of Graphene on NA2CO3: Activated GGBS Concrete
Authors: Zhao Yongcong , Su Meini , Wang Yong
Published: January 2025

Achieving net-zero construction is curial for construction sector to mitigate the effects of climate change. Using alkali-activated materials (AAM) to replace the carbon intensive ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete has attracted many researchers’ attention in the past years. However, several problems are associated with AAM, such as lower early age mechanical strength. This paper aimed to investigate the early days effects of graphene on hydration mechanism of Na2CO3-activated granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) concrete. Graphene dosages ranging from 0.005% to 0.02% (of slag weight) were considered in this study. The compressive strength of GGBS concrete was measured at 3 days. Samples were cured under ambient room temperature around 20 ± 3 °C. Results indicated the incorporation of graphene could increase the compressive strength up to 33%. To understand the changes on the microstructure level, various microstructure technics were performed on 3-day curing samples to provide a comprehensive understanding of the microstructure elements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to identify the composition and crystallinity of different phases. Overall, the higher gain in early-day strength of concrete and the shortened setting times are mainly due to the nucleation effect of graphene which was revealed by the much denser and compact microstructure, as shown in the SEM images.
An Experimental Investigation on Using Seawater in Sustainable Mortar Mixtures
Authors: Saxena Shekhar , Justnes Harald , Baghban Mohammad Hajmohammadian
Published: January 2025

The process of concrete development requires extensive water use, leading to a scarcity of natural freshwater supplies. It was found that nearly 19% of the overall water is consumed by industrial fields in which the construction field takes the lead. Employing seawater for concrete construction activities could help in protecting vital freshwater supplies when concrete is reinforced by materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, polymer composites or bio-based materials which are less sensitive to seawater. In the present research, seawater is used in place of tap water for mixing and curing of mortar. Different tests such as heat of hydration, compressive strength, flexural strength, electrical resistance and test for water absorption and permeable voids were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mortar made with seawater and tap water. The findings of this study show that seawater is a viable option to produce mortar without compromising the properties of mortar. Unreinforced concrete, fiber-reinforced polymer and aluminum-reinforced concrete all offer promising applications when combined with seawater, enhancing their construction potential and sustainability.
The Use of Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste in Low-Strength Concrete Brick and Block Production: A South African Perspective
Authors: Simon Jaziitha , Beushausen Hans , Alexander Mark
Published: January 2025

The surge in population and urbanization in South Africa has increased construction activities, leading to the generation of a significant amount of construction and demolition waste (C&DW). While a portion of this waste is used in low-grade applications, the rest ends up in landfills. The conventional use of virgin materials persists, contributing to environmental issues such as increased energy usage and CO2 emissions from the mining and transportation of raw materials and the use of cement in concrete production. To promote a circular economy, resource efficiency, and reduced carbon footprint, a shift toward C&DW recycling is imperative. Despite successful international practices, the recycling rate in South Africa still needs to improve. While previous research works have focused mainly on using recycled aggregates (RAs) in structural concrete, this review explores their potential use in the manufacturing of low-strength concrete bricks and blocks, which are essential construction products within the context of housing development in South Africa. The lack of certification and standards for RAs in South Africa has hindered their practical use. Thus, different stakeholders need to take responsibility for investigating and developing quality control procedures to ensure consistency.
Mechanical Reinforcement of Building Materials with Microfibers Produced by Electrospinning
Authors: Daniel Habtom , Omar Omar Mohamed , Kioumarsi Mahdi , Pilehvar Shima , Borrajo-Pelaez Rafael
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the integration of electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) microfibers into cementitious composites to enhance the mechanical properties of the resulting composite material. Through systematic experimentation, optimal parameters for electrospinning CA fibers were inspected, and different methods were used to blend electrospun fibers and cement. Some preliminary tests of the mechanical properties indicate a significant increase in the compressive strength of the fiber-reinforced material with respect to the reference non-reinforced material. Incorporating 0.5% CA fibers led to a 15.5% increase in compressive strength compared to the reference sample. This research demonstrates that CA microfiber reinforcement in cement-based materials is promising, highlighting its potential for cost-effective enhancement of mechanical properties.
Thermal Performance Characterization of Recycled Textile-Based Materials for Building Insulation
Authors: Dama Alessandro , Khalfallaand Esra Abdelhalim Mohamed , Alongi Andrea , Angelotti Adriana
Published: January 2025

This study reports the experimental investigation of the heat transfer properties of building panels obtained from the post-consume textile waste through an Airlay process in the framework of a research project for the valorization of textile waste in the building sector. The analyzed panels are based on a different kind of textile fabric (mostly polyester, mostly cotton or mixed) and have a different density (low, medium and high). The heat transfer properties were measured through the dynamic methodology of the hot disc, both in laboratory conditions and in a climatic chamber. A good thermal insulation performance was generally observed for all the panels. For a given kind of waste textile, the thermal conductivity was found to increase with density, so that the most performing panels are the low-density ones. Moreover, thermal conductivity was found to increase with relative humidity. For the same density and relative humidity, the thermal conductivity of the cotton-based panels is higher by 26% on average compared to the polyester-based panels.
Effect of Lightweight Masonry on Life Cycle Energy: A Case Study of Residential Buildings in India
Authors: Sarkar Pradip , Zade Nikhil P.
Published: January 2025

The imperative shift toward sustainable construction practices drives the exploration of alternative building materials, among which autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is emerging as a promising option. This research focuses on assessing embodied energy throughout the life cycle of residential buildings using a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The study specifically investigates AAC masonry as an infill material in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures, highlighting its eco-friendly attributes.

The present study conducts a detailed comparative analysis between RC frame buildings infilled with AAC block masonry and their counterparts using traditional clay brick infill. The assessment covers different life cycle phases, including extraction of raw materials, production, transport, construction, maintenance, and eventual demolition. By using LCA techniques, the embodied energy of both building types is quantified and compared, providing valuable insight into the environmental impact and sustainability of these construction materials.
Seasonal Waste Heat Storage in Energy-Efficient Finnish Apartment Buildings
Authors: Hirvonen Janne , Sirén Santeri , Sormunen Piia
Published: January 2025

Ground-source heat pump systems that collect energy from thermal borehole fields can produce heat independent of the outdoor temperature, making them ideal for heating cold climates. To reduce the risk of boreholes freezing due to excessive heat drain, the boreholes must be spaced far enough apart from each other. This requires space on the ground, which can be a great challenge in urban environments with limited plot sizes.

This study looks into the potential of using residential waste heat to reduce the space requirements of ground-source heat pump systems while maintaining the long-term borehole field temperatures. In addition to conventional air-to-air ventilation heat recovery during the heating season, ventilation heat was also recovered in summer using a liquid-loop connected to the borehole fields. Similarly, sewage heat recovery was connected to the same loop.

Hourly heating demand for a new apartment building in Finland was estimated using the IDA-ICE simulation tool. The various heat recovery schemes were modelled in TRNSYS 18. Two sets of similar simulations were completed: one for a single building case with a small borehole field and another for a block of buildings with a large borehole field. Widely spaced borehole fields were compared to tightly spaced borehole fields, to see how the ground temperatures and heat transfer fluid temperatures change over five years of operation.

Without waste heat utilization, the tightly spaced borehole fields suffered from rapid temperature reduction. This problem was exacerbated in the large borehole field, due to having less natural regeneration as a result of a lower surface-to-volume ratio. However, when both ventilation and sewage heat were actively fed into the borehole field over the whole year, the ground temperature levels were stabilized and the fluid outlet temperatures remained above 0 °C.
Designing Eco-Friendly Materials Intended for Repairing Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Belmokretar Karim , Ayed Kada , Leklou Nordine , Kerdal Djamel El Ddine , Mouli Mohammed , Allal Meftah
Published: January 2025

Given the considerable number of concrete structures either damaged or nearing the end of their lifespan, it becomes crucial to undertake substantial repairs. This is essential not only to address existing deterioration but also to ensure the preservation and prolonged durability of these structures. This study aims to explore the usability of innovative concretes in the repair of damaged reinforced concrete structures. However, these repairs must be executed in an environment-friendly manner. Therefore, the envisioned characteristics aimed to develop highly fluid concretes comprised of readily available natural ingredients or sourced from recycled materials. In pursuit of this goal, the developed concretes draw inspiration from the principles of self-compacting concrete. Fluidity has been boosted by limiting aggregate diameters (Dmax = 5 mm), reducing the proportion of gravel, and increasing the proportion of sand. The resulting concrete was designated as Self-Compacting Sand Concrete (SCSC). Three distinct formulations of SCSC concrete were devised: SCSC-LF, enriched with limestone fillers; SCSC-Pr, incorporating natural perlite; and SCSC-Pz, featuring natural pozzolan. The substrates were constructed using standard vibrated concrete of ordinary class (OC). The repair success of composites, consisting of an OC substrate and a layer of SCSC, was evaluated under tensile stress. The results are highly promising, demonstrating the efficacy of concrete-reinforced composite (SCSC) systems in effectively repairing damaged concrete structures.
Energy Communities for the Decarbonization of Historical Villages: A Case Study in Italy
Authors: Brunoro Silvia , Piaia Emanuele
Published: January 2025

The chapter focuses on Historical Villages (HVs), a precious segment of European cultural identity heritage characterized by fragile environments that, over the last decade, have experienced a progressive rapid decay.

There is an urgent need to develop initiatives aimed at preserving the memory and heritage of past communities and inhabitants.

Renovation strategies are crucial in halting the depopulation of HVs, offering a wide-ranging opportunity for a novel approach to conservation and revitalization. This approach has the potential to generate added value, enhance appeal, spur growth, and facilitate transformation in areas grappling with degradation.

Moreover, the paper introduces an innovative strategy for decarbonizing HVs known as Energy Communities (ECs): an approach gaining traction across Europe. These communities entail initiating participatory processes through public–private partnerships. The initial section provides a comprehensive overview of the growing concept of ECs in Italy, underscoring their pivotal role in fostering a transition toward economic, technical, and environmental sustainability.

Furthermore, the paper examines challenges and opportunities in Italy aimed at preserving the heritage value of HVs and encouraging their historical identity. This involves empowering local inhabitants to spearhead bottom-up initiatives promoting their integral role in building refurbishment, retrofitting, and valorization toward decarbonization objectives.

Finally, the paper presents an Italian case study: the CommOn Light Energy Community, which serves as an exemplar of best practices in Italy. It combines community engagement, innovative funding strategies, and a scalable model for national replication, emerging as a benchmark for future endeavors in sustainable energy development and community-driven initiatives.
Lessons learned – drei Jahrzehnte automobilkritische sozialwissenschaftliche Mobilitätsforschung
Authors: Götz Konrad
Published: January 2025

Der Beitrag thematisiert Eckpunkte des automobilkritischen, sozialwissenschaftlichen Mobilitätsdiskurses der letzten drei Dekaden. Dabei stehen folgende Fragen im Zentrum: Mit welchen zentralen Konzepten hat die sozialwissenschaftliche Mobilitätsforschung einen echten Mehrwert für das Verständnis von Mobilität und deren Veränderbarkeit geschaffen? Was an dieser Forschung hat konzeptuell und begrifflich eine Wirkung in Richtung eines innovativen Verständnisses von Mobilität geschaffen, das dazu beiträgt, die Hegemonie des automobilen Leitbildes zu überwinden? Dabei wird zunächst die Diskussion um unterschiedliche Definitionen von Mobilität und Verkehr rekonstruiert. Es wird auf den bis heute wirkmächtigen Begriff der Verkehrswende eingegangen, ebenso auf den techniksoziologischen Schlüsselbegriff Rennreiselimousine. Mit den Konzepten der Mobilitätskultur und der Mobilitätsstile sowie Folgerungen hinsichtlich einer zukünftigen transdisziplinären, die materielle Dimension stärker einbeziehenden Mobilitätsforschung schließt der Beitrag.
Compressibility of dense nuclear matter in the ρ-meson variant of the Skyrme model
Authors: Huidobro Miguel , Leask Paul , Naya Carlos , Wereszczyński Andrzej
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We show that coupling the SU(2)-valued Skyrme field to the ρ-meson solves the long-standing issue of (in)compressibility in the solitonic Skyrme model. Even by including only one ρπ interaction term, motivated by a holographic-like reduction of Yang-Mills action by Sutcliffe, reduces the compression modulus from K
0 ≃ 1080 MeV, in the massive Skyrme model, to K
0 ≃ 351 MeV.
Dynamic properties of the structures with three level of symmetry
Authors: Vlase Sorin , Öchsner Andreas , Marin Marin
Published: January 2025

In the field of mechanical engineering, structural systems that can present different types of symmetries are frequently encountered. The choice of such solutions with symmetries is generally the result of considering factors such as reducing design and production costs, logistical considerations, but also for aesthetic reasons. The existence of these symmetries inside some structures brings new properties in the mechanical behavior and can be useful in simplifying the calculation, in the static and dynamic case. Symmetries can bring new properties when the problem of studying vibrations is raised. Thus, the dynamic analysis time can be reduced and the designer can get a quick picture of the behavior of the structure in operation. The paper aims to study a special situation of symmetry that can be encountered in engineering practice, namely the existence of three planes of symmetry within a structure. Such structures can be found frequently in the field of mechanical engineering but also in the construction of buildings. The presented properties can contribute to the reduction of dynamic analysis time and therefore to the reduction of design costs. An example from real life is analyzed in the work, highlighting the listed properties.
Cerebral Protection in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Shams-Molkara Sheida , Mendes Vitor , Verdy François , Perez Maria-Helena , Di Bernardo Stefano , Kirsch Matthias , Hosseinpour Amir-Reza
Published: January 2025

Cardiac surgery, both adult and pediatric, has developed very rapidly and impressively over the past 7 decades. Pediatric cardiac surgery, in particular, has revolutionized the management of babies born with congenital heart disease such that now most patients reach adult life and lead comfortable lives. However, these patients are at risk of cerebral lesions, which may be due to perioperative factors, such as side effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and/or anesthesia, and non-perioperative factors such as chromosomal anomalies (common in children with congenital heart disease), the timing of surgery, number of days on the intensive care unit, length of hospitalization and other hospitalizations in the first year of life. The risk of cerebral lesions is particularly relevant to pediatric cardiac surgery given that cerebral metabolism is about 30% higher in neonates, infants and young children compared to adults, which renders their brain more susceptible to ischemic/hypoxic injury. This issue has been a major concern throughout the history of cardiac surgery such that many preventive measures have been implemented over the years. These measures, however, have had only a modest impact and cerebral lesions continue to be a major concern. This is the subject of this review article, which aims to outline these protective measures, offer possible explanations of why these have not resolved the issue, and suggest possible actions that ought to be taken now.
GOLD grade-specific characterization of COPD in the COSYCONET multi-center trial: comparison of semiquantitative MRI and quantitative CT
Authors: Konietzke Philip , Weinheimer Oliver , Triphan Simon M. F. , Nauck Sebastian , Wuennemann Felix , Konietzke Marilisa , Jobst Bertram J. , Jörres Rudolf A. , Vogelmeier Claus F. , Heussel Claus P. , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Wielpütz Mark O. , Biederer Jürgen ,   on behalf of the COSYCONET study group
Published: January 2025

Objectives

We hypothesized that semiquantitative visual scoring of lung MRI is suitable for GOLD-grade specific characterization of parenchymal and airway disease in COPD and that MRI scores correlate with quantitative CT (QCT) and pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters.

Methods

Five hundred ninety-eight subjects from the COSYCONET study (median age = 67 (60–72)) at risk for COPD or with GOLD1-4 underwent PFT, same-day paired inspiratory/expiratory CT, and structural and contrast-enhanced MRI. QCT assessed total lung volume (TLV), emphysema, and air trapping by parametric response mapping (PRMEmph, PRMfSAD) and airway disease by wall percentage (WP). MRI was analyzed using a semiquantitative visual scoring system for parenchymal defects, perfusion defects, and airway abnormalities. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, and ANOVA analyses were performed.

Results

TLV, PRMEmph, and MRI scores for parenchymal and perfusion defects were all higher with each GOLD grade, reflecting the extension of emphysema (all p < 0.001). Airway analysis showed the same trends with higher WP and higher MRI large airway disease scores in GOLD3 and lower WP and MRI scores in GOLD4 (p = 0.236 and p < 0.001). Regional heterogeneity was less evident on MRI, while PRMEmph and MRI perfusion defect scores were higher in the upper lobes, and WP and MRI large airway disease scores were higher in the lower lobes. MRI parenchymal and perfusion scores correlated moderately with PRMEmph (r = 0.61 and r = 0.60) and moderately with FEV1/FVC (r = −0.56).

Conclusion

Multi-center semiquantitative MRI assessments of parenchymal and airway disease in COPD matched GOLD grade-specific imaging features on QCT and detected regional disease heterogeneity. MRI parenchymal disease scores were correlated with QCT and lung function parameters.

Key Points

QuestionDo MRI-based scores correlate with QCT and PFT parameters for GOLD-grade specific disease characterization of COPD?

FindingsMRI can visualize the parenchymal and airway disease features of COPD.

Clinical relevanceLung MRI is suitable for GOLD-grade specific disease characterization of COPD and may serve as a radiation-free imaging modality in scientific and clinical settings, given careful consideration of its potential and limitations.
The Screening Tomosynthesis Trial with Advanced Reader Methods (STREAM): design and rationale of a population-based breast cancer screening trial
Authors: Kregting Lindy , van den Oever Daan , Pennings Lian , Pijnappel Ruud , van Ravesteyn Nicolien , Verschuur Ellen , van Oirsouw Marja , Dunning Loes , ‘t Mannetje Hans , van Engen Ruben , Bluekens Adriana , Smid-Geirnaerdt Maartje , van Landsveld-Verhoeven Cary , Houssami Nehmat , Sechopoulos Ioannis , Broeders Mireille
Published: January 2025

Objectives

It is uncertain what the effects of introducing digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in the Dutch breast cancer screening programme would be on detection, recall, and interval cancers (ICs), while reading times are expected to increase. Therefore, an investigation into the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of DBT screening while optimising reading is required.

Materials and methods

The Screening Tomosynthesis trial with advanced REAding Methods (STREAM) aims to include 17,275 women (age 50–72 years) eligible for breast cancer screening in the Netherlands for two biennial DBT screening rounds to determine the short-, medium-, and long-term effects and acceptability of DBT screening and identify an optimised strategy for reading DBT. The control group will consist of 86,400 women selected from the database of the Dutch breast cancer screening programme screened with digital mammography. The intervention group will undergo DBT examinations only. Four different reading strategies will be evaluated on a subset of first-round screening exams. These four strategies will also be evaluated combined with replacing one of the two readers with AI predictions. The Microsimulation Screening Analysis (MISCAN)-Breast model will be used to estimate the long-term outcomes of DBT screening assuming the best-performing reading method.

Results

The primary outcome measure is the IC and advanced cancer rate at the second round (combined endpoint) in the DBT group compared to the control group. Secondary outcome measures are participation, recall and detection rates, positive predictive value, acceptability, reading method with the best case-based area under the curve and reading time, predicted breast cancer mortality, number of cancers overdiagnosed, and cost-effectiveness.

Key Points

Question The short-, medium-, and long-term effects of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) imaging in the Dutch breast cancer screening programme are unknown, but essential to decide about implementation.

Findings This protocol paper describes the primary endpoint of the STREAM trial: the combined interval and advanced cancer detection rate at the second DBT round.

Clinical relevance The STREAM trial is a prospective, non-randomised, population-based study in the Dutch breast cancer screening programme, that aims to evaluate the effects and acceptability of two rounds of DBT screening to determine if DBT can enhance the programme’s outcomes.

Graphical Abstract
The tumor distance to the main hepatic vessels is a predictor of recurrence-free survival and overall survival in hepatocellular cancer
Authors: Abdelhadi Schaima , Rink Johann S. , Froelich Matthias F. , Șandra-Petrescu Flavius , El-Ahmar Mohamad , Oweira Hani , Rahbari Nuh N. , Reissfelder Christoph , Birgin Emrullah
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The impact of the distance of the tumor from the main hepatic vessels (DTV), such as the Glissonean pedicle or hepatic veins, on oncological outcomes for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is relatively understudied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the correlation between DTV and survival in patients with HCC after curative hepatic resection.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent curative-intent liver surgery for HCC between April 2018 and May 2023 were identified from a prospective database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify independent predictors of recurrence-free survival (RFS). A ROC-curve was used to find the optimal cut-off value for DTV. According to the estimated cut-off value, patients were divided into 2 subgroups, then using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, RFS and overall survival (OS) were estimated and compared between the 2 subgroups.

Results

In univariate analysis, DTV, tumor size, resection margins, microvascular invasion (MVI) and tumor grading were associated with RFS. In multivariate analysis, DTV, tumor size, and MVI were confirmed as independent predictors of RFS. In the ROC-analysis the optimal cutoff value of DTV was 20 mm. Patients with a DTV < 20 mm had a larger tumor size and a more advanced histopathological grading. There was no difference in the presence of MVI in both groups, while a significantly more patients experienced recurrence after hepatectomy in the DTV < 20 mm group. Accordingly, patients with a DTV < 20 mm experienced a shorter median RFS and OS.

Conclusion

DTV is a promising predictor of RFS and OS in HCC.
Revolutionizing online shopping with FITMI: a realistic virtual try-on solution
Authors: Samy Tassneam M. , Asham Beshoy I. , Slim Salwa O. , Abohany Amr A.
Published: January 2025

In today’s digital age, consumers increasingly rely on online shopping for convenience and accessibility. However, a significant drawback of online shopping is the inability to physically try on clothing before purchasing. This limitation often leads to uncertainty regarding fit and style, resulting in customer post-purchase dissatisfaction and higher return rates. Research indicates that online items are three times more likely to be returned than in-store ones, especially during the pandemic. To address this challenge, we propose a virtual try-on method called FITMI, an enhanced Latent Diffusion Textual Inversion model for virtual try-on purposes. The proposed architecture aims to bridge the gap between traditional in-store try-ons and online shopping by offering users a realistic and interactive virtual try-on experience. Although virtual try-on solutions already exist, recent advancements in artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced their capabilities, enabling more sophisticated and realistic virtual try-on experiences than ever before. Building on these advancements, FITMI surpasses ordinary virtual try-ons relying on generative adversarial networks, often producing unrealistic outputs. Instead, FITMI utilizes latent diffusion models to generate high-quality images with detailed textures. As a web application, FITMI facilitates virtual try-ons by seamlessly integrating images of users with garments from catalogs, providing a true-to-life representation of how the items would look. This approach differentiates us from competitors. FITMI is validated using two widely recognized benchmarks: the Dress-Code and Viton-HD datasets. Additionally, FITMI acts as a trusted style advisor, enhancing the shopping experience by recommending complementary items to elevate the chosen garment and suggesting similar options based on user preferences.