bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo Pragmático en el Habla Infantil
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Acuña Franklin Sentis Ximena
Published: June 2022

Esta investigación bibliográfica tiene por finalidad presentar una visión del desarrollo pragmático de la lengua materna. Describe la etapa prelingüística; aborda el enfoque del desarrollo sociofuncional del lenguaje, y caracteriza el desarrollo de la lengua materna desde la perspectiva de la integración sensorial y del desarrollo socio afectivo. Se centra, finalmente, en el desarrollo de las habilidades conversacionales.
Noción de inferencia y procesamiento inferencial en personas con daño cerebral
Authors:   Universitat Pompeu Fabra (España), Aravena R. M. Soledad
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una revisión teórica referida al estudio del procesamiento inferencial que tiene lugar durante la comprensión de la información verbal. En primer lugar se abordará el tema desde el punto de vista psicolingüístico y luego se revisarán algunos datos que aporta la investigación neurolingüística al respecto, en particular, los referidos a pacientes con lesiones en el hemisferio derecho. La comprensión del discurso es una tarea compuesta de múltiples y variados procesos, tales como la percepción de las palabras, su decodificación fonémica, morfológica y semántica, el análisis sintáctico de las oraciones, la construcción de las proposiciones y de la coherencia que se establece entre ellas, la consideración de los factores pragmáticos, la integración de la información de los distintos niveles, etc. En esta actividad, por tanto, el oyente o lector hace intervenir mecanismos de integración y de construcción utilizando tanto sus conocimientos lingüísticos como sus conocimientos de mundo. El desarrollo de la interpretación de significados durante la comprensión se caracteriza, entonces, por dos tipos de procesos: los de integración y los de construcción. Los de integración tienen un carácter más bien básico y consisten en conjugar en una representación única los distintos tipos de información (morfológica, sintáctica, semántica, etc.). Dicha representación almacenada en la memoria del sujeto no corresponde exactamente al estímulo original, puesto que sufre generalmente tanto de reducción como de reorganización de sus elementos. Los procesos constructivos 146 M. SOLEDAD ARAVENA R. de interpretación o también llamados procesos inferenciales suponen, en cambio, algo más que selección y reorganización de contenidos, ya que implican la incorporación de información nueva que no estaba explícitamente mencionada en el mensaje original (Belinchón et al., 2000: 457-459).
Algunas dimensiones de la redundancia
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Wigdorsky Leopoldo
Published: June 2022

Sin resumen disponible
LO DESCRIPTIVO EN INFORMES ESCRITOS DE ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Oyanedel F Marcela
Published: June 2022

En este artículo damos cuenta del estado de avance del trabajo efectuado sobre un corpus de 90 informes escritos por estudiantes universitarios. Su objetivo es explorar la incidencia del componente descriptivo en la configuración textual de los escritos en ese género discursivo específico, y calibrar su eventual variación interna de acuerdo a clase de informe y área disciplinaria. Para ello, los textos se abordan desde el punto de vista secuencial y en cuanto a su figura textual global. Los resultados en el nivel secuencial muestran una fuerte incidencia de lo descriptivo en los informes: alta frecuencia de secuencias descriptivas, rasgos compartidos en cuanto a tipos de recorrido, uso de códigos combinados y, sobre todo, manejo léxico de tipo descriptivo. Asimismo, se observa un uso ya diferenciado –aunque menos consistente– de funcionalidades descriptivas según clase de informe y carrera.
EL DISCURSO NARRATIVO KAWÉSQAR. TEXTOS NARRATIVOS NO MÍTICOS
Authors:   Universidad ARCIS (Chile), Aguilera F. Óscar E.
Published: June 2022

Este trabajo examina el discurso narrativo no mítico kawésqar desde el punto de vista de la gramática del discurso, tomando en cuenta los tipos oracionales que aparecen tanto en discursos no híbridos (anecdóticos, históricos y relatos de viaje), como híbridos, siendo éstos combinaciones de discursos expositivo-narrativos, autobiográfico-anecdóticos, anecdóticos-viajes, históricos-procesos e históricos-viajes.
CORTESÍA, IDEOLOGÍA Y REPRESENTACIONES DISCURSIVAS EN LA GESTIÓN CONVERSACIONAL DE JÓVENES CHILENOS
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Montecino Soto Lésmer Antonio
Published: June 2022

Este estudio pretende dar cuenta de las representaciones discursivas individuales de hablantes jóvenes chilenos2 en una conversación semiespontánea. A través de su análisis, intentaremos probar que es posible determinar las representaciones sociales que subyacen en ellas. Aplicando una metodología cualitativa, este estudio descriptivo demuestra cómo por medio del examen de un acto comunicativo, “cuyo valor se define de acuerdo a los elementos que le preceden y le siguen en un contexto de situación dado” (Granato, 2005: 175), es posible relevar las creencias del yo y de los otros, en cuanto co-constituyentes de significados. Sus huellas en la interacción dejan al descubierto cuestiones de poder y de estatus –solidaridad, filiación, identidad– manifiestos en la conversación y en la sociedad a la que se hace referencia.
Estructura y patrones léxicos en informes escritos de estudiantes universitarios
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Muñoz Acevedo Daniel
Published: June 2022

En este artículo informamos acerca de los resultados de un primer estudio sobre patrones léxicos en informes académicos de estudiantes universitarios. Para el análisis del corpus, constituido por una muestra de 163 informes de estudiantes de segundo año, aplicamos una metodología cuantitativa de frecuencia léxica; para la interpretación del léxico en uso adoptamos criterios cualitativos y proponemos una taxonomía de base conceptual que permite vincularlos a sus contextos disciplinarios. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a la caracterización del género en este estadio de formación y nos permiten concluir que la presencia de tecnolecto, en su sentido restringido, dice relación con la naturaleza del objeto de estudio de cada disciplina; el nivel de especialización alcanzado por los autores de los informes, se explica, en cambio, por la utilización de terminología cotidiana refinada conceptualmente de acuerdo a cada especialidad.
Los pasados del modo indicativo en español como lengua extranjera (E/LE): una propuesta metodológica
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Chile), Toledo Vega Gloria , Toledo Azócar Sonia ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Chile)
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo se enmarca en el área de investigación y didáctica del Español como lengua extranjera y propone un modelo metodológico para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de los pasados del modo indicativo, considerando tres criterios articulatorios: pragmático, semántico y sintáctico. Nuestro objetivo es aportar una mirada tanto estructural como funcional de la gramática que, sustentada en un enfoque comunicativo, estimule un aprendizaje significativo en los alumnos de español/ LE
Ensayo sobre estilo y variación
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), Ruiz Stull Miguel
Published: June 2022

Este ensayo pretende determinar los distintos aspectos en que es posible tematizar la noción de estilo en el contexto de las ciencias del lenguaje. Esta pretensión se establece a partir de la vinculación del estilo con otras instancias de la teoría del lenguaje, como son las definiciones de sentido y discurso. De este modo, el estilo se configurará como entidad representativa de las variedades específicas que se observan de las constantes generales en que se constituye el sistema lingüístico.
Acerca de lo divino en la "Orestíada" de Esquilo
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), Morales Troncoso David E.
Published: June 2022

La única trilogía completa que se conserva de Esquilo, la Orestíada, es fundamental para comprender la evolución del concepto y de la institución de justicia en relación con hechos de sangre. En la presente interpretación se busca recrear esta tragedia clásica desde la perspectiva de la participación de las personalidades divinas, que terminan siendo los agentes fundamentales en la resolución del Mito.
BRUCE McCOMISKEY Gorgias and The New Sophistic Rhetoric
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), Ruiz Stull Miguel
Published: June 2022

Sin resumen
POTENCIA ESTADÍSTICA, SENSIBILIDAD Y TAMAÑO DE EFECTO: ¿UN NUEVO CANON PARA LA INVESTIGACIÓN?
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Quezada Camilo
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo se presentan algunos conceptos muy importantes en el diseño investigativo, centrándose en tres nociones cada vez más utilizadas en metodología cuantitativa: la potencia estadística, la sensibilidad y el tamaño de efecto. A través de ejemplos de orientación lingüística se explican algunas de las posibles aplicaciones prácticas de estas herramientas en investigaciones pertenecientes al ámbito de las ciencias sociales en general y la lingüística en particular.
Platón: Teeto. Introducción, traducción y notas de Marcelo Boeri
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Silva Irarrázaval Trinidad
Published: June 2022

Platón: Teeto. Introducción, traducción y notas de Marcelo Boeri.
SOBRE LA SINCERIDAD DEL TRADUCTOR
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Arbea Antonio
Published: June 2022

SOBRE LA SINCERIDAD DEL TRADUCTOR.
ALEXANDRA Y. AIKHENVALD: Evidentiality
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Lima C. Pablo
Published: June 2022

ALEXANDRA Y. AIKHENVALD: Evidentiality.
LAS CONSONANTES DEL ESPAÑOL DE CHILE PRONUNCIADAS POR HABLANTES DE INGLÉS ESTADOUNIDENSE QUE APRENDEN ESPAÑOL COMO SEGUNDA LENGUA
Authors:   Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Pradel Suárez Boris , Soto-Barba Jaime ,   Universidad de Concepción (Chile)
Published: June 2022

En este estudio se presentan los resultados de un análisis auditivo y acústico en el que se comparan los segmentos consonánticos españoles producidos por catorce hablantes de inglés estadounidense que aprenden español como lengua extranjera, con aquellos producidos por una hablante nativa de español de la ciudad de Concepción, Chile. Los segmentos consonánticos se agruparon en cinco categorías principales, según las características fonético-fonológicas identificadas en estos sonidos articulados por los hablantes extranjeros.
Estrategias de resolución de choques acentuales en el castellano hablado en Santiago de Chile
Authors:   Universidad de Tokio de Estudios Extranjeros (Japón), Atria Lemaitre José Joaquín
Published: June 2022

La presente investigación es el resultado de un estudio acústico y experimental de emisiones con dos o más sílabas acentuadas contiguas, fenómeno conocido con el nombre de “choque acentual”. Se hace una caracterización de las siete principales estrategias de resolución de choques acentuales registradas en la literatura (Prieto y otros, 1995; Almeida, 2001) y se procede a analizar la frecuencia de uso de cada una de estas en el castellano hablado en Santiago de Chile. Los resultados corroboran el uso mayoritario de la realización de un pico tonal único en contextos de choque acentual anticipado por la teoría de los targets tonales (Prieto, 2003) y establecen relaciones no anticipadas entre algunas de las demás estrategias y dos tipos de oraciones con patrones acentuales diferentes. Se espera con esto avanzar no solo en la comprensión de este fenómeno en particular, sino también en la del acento castellano en general. Se propone, además, una categorización de estas estrategias de resolución en miras a facilitar futuras investigaciones sobre el tema.
La relevancia del contexto en la determinación de la estructura aspectual del estado de cosas evocado por la oración
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Soto Guillermo
Published: June 2022

Se propone que ciertos fenómenos gramaticales relacionados con la aspectualidad no son bien tratados cuando se los restringe a la gramática oracional. Aun cuando un enfoque pragmático complementario soluciona varios de los problemas, parece necesario tomar en cuenta, desde el principio, el contexto cognitivo, el situacional y el textual para determinar la estructura aspectual del estado de cosas evocado por la oración.
María Mercedes Pavez, Carmen Julia Coloma y Mariangela Maggiolo: El desarrollo narrativo en niños. Una propuesta práctica para la evaluación y la intervención en niños con trastorno del lenguaje
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Medina M. Lorena Pía
Published: June 2022

No contempla resumen
Primer Coloquio “Gramática, Pragmática y Discurso”
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, González Vergara Carlos
Published: June 2022

No contempla resumen
Segundo Coloquio Nacional de Gramática, Pragmática y Discurso
Authors:   Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Osorio Jorge
Published: June 2022

NO PRESENTA RESUMEN
Mejorar las recomendaciones contenidas en los informes elaborados por consultores. La optimización del discurso
Authors:   Universidad de Barcelona (España), Montolío Durán Estrella
Published: June 2022

El trabajo se plantea cuatro objetivos: (i) caracterizar desde el punto de vista lingüístico y pragmático el género textual del informe que elaboran los profesionales de la Consultoría, género que se encuentra en pleno proceso de transformación; (ii) describir las fases de las que se compone el proceso de asesoramiento de un lingüista en la optimización de este tipo de informe; (iii) analizar algunos mecanismos lingüísticos y discursivos característicos de este género, así como la dificultad de su elaboración para los profesionales, y (iv) reivindicar la necesidad de una línea de investigación lingüística que se imbrique con los resultados empíricos de la mejora de los intercambios comunicativos producidos en los contextos profesionales (estudios de optimización del discurso).
José Antonio Martín García†: Los filósofos cínicos y la literatura moral serioburlesca
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, García José Antonio Martín García
Published: June 2022

NO PRESENTA RESUMEN
Sentir, decir y hacer: variedad expresiva y prototipos de emoción en el vocabulario juvenil
Authors:   Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Grünewald Soto Ursula , Osorio Jorge ,   Universidad de Concepción (Chile)
Published: June 2022

Nuestra investigación aborda el lenguaje de las emociones dentro de un grupo de jóvenes universitarios, pues nos parece un segmento en que se aprecia mayor profusión y dinamismo expresivos. Nos propusimos explorar la variedad léxica que compone dicha expresividad, además de describir prototípicamente algunos de los conceptos/expresiones más relevantes.A partir de una primera prueba recopilamos un amplio número de ex-presiones de emoción, 220 de las cuales fueron seleccionadas y luego clasificadas siguiendo la propuesta de Kövecses, Palmer y Dirven (1999). A continuación, exploramos los mecanismos construales: esquemas de imagen, metáforas y metonimias (Lakoff y Johnson, 1995 [1980]; Johnson, 1991 [1987]; Krzeszowski, 1989), en relación con la conceptualización de las emociones dentro de los términos figurativos y expresivos. Finalmente, mediante una segunda prueba, sugerimos un prototipo (de acuerdo a una adaptación de los análisis de Páez y Vergara, 1990) para 12 de los 220 términos, seleccionados por su mayor cantidad de apariciones en la primera prueba.
Quantification of Lumbar Lordosis by Tactile and Non Tactile Methods: A Revisit
Authors: Rai Anushree , Veqar Zubia
Published: June 2022

Lumbar lordosis alteration results in various disabilities and common problem like low back pain among others which severely impacts the quality of life of a person. This paper focuses on postural evaluation used to identify this alteration, which till date has received little attention even though it is an important outcome measure in various experimental studies. This review focuses on both quantitative and qualitative postural evaluation methods. Conventional methods ranges from visual observation method to gold standard method like radiography and various other non invasive methods like photogrammetric, flexicurve, spinal mouse, inclinometer. However, recent research suggests some 3 Dimensional (3D) analysis methods like 3D radiographs, inertial sensors and posturometer. There is a lack of consensus on the most suitable method of this evaluation hence, the selection is difficult for clinical as well as research purposes. Although there are few reviews available, neither of them has attempted to establish the pros and cons of all these methods. This review provides a comprehensive overview of different 2D, 3D, tactile and non tactile methods or tools that have been developed to measure posture or shape of lumbar spine. This review will also provide practical recommendations to researchers as well as clinicians about the tool selection for lumbar lordosis assessment.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Agents Involved in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singla Ashina , Kumar Nitin , Chaudhary Preeti , Mamoria Ved Prakash
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) is one of the commonest health problems which is not a single disease but a group of specific infections with varying aetiology and symptomatology. These infections are the leading cause of illness and mortality in children and adults across the world because of different epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and outcomes. Aim: To find out the prevalence, bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates causing LRTI. Materials and Methods: This was a laboratory based observational study which was carried out between June 2019 to May 2020. All the lower respiratory tract samples (sputum, Endotracheal (ET) aspirate, Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) etc.,) were collected and sample processing was done for isolation and identification by standard methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The data was analysed in Microsoft Office excel worksheet. Results: A total number of 1364 samples were processed in which 615 were culture positive. ET aspirates 65.04% (n=400) showed higher positivity rate than sputum 32.03% (n=197). In this study, gram positive and gram negative bacteria (GNB) were 4.23% (n=26) and 92.19% (n=567) respectively with yeast recovered in only 3.58% (n=22) of the specimens. Among the isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae 171 (30.15%) was the most common organism. The overall susceptibility of GNB was highest towards tigecycline (51.85%) followed by gentamicin (38.62%). Conclusion: Specific antibiotic utilisation strategies like antibiotic restriction, combination therapy may help to decrease or prevent the emergence of resistance. There is a need for further community based studies to identify the best treatment protocol for individual patients.
Evaluation of Thyroid Swellings for Incidence of Thyroid Cancer and their Association with Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Triglyceride Levels: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Preethi B , Prasad DKV , Gangadharan Vandana
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Earlier, several studies have been evaluated the role of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) as a predictor of thyroid cancer in patients presenting with thyroid swelling but it remains unclear. Aim: To evaluate the role of TSH in non neoplastic tumours and neoplastic tumours and its association with various types of thyroid neoplastic tumours. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the records of 138 patients from March 2017 to February 2019 with thyroid swelling were evaluated and analysis was done in October 2020. Examination of following parameters like age, sex, Free Triiodothyronine (FT3), Free Tetraiodothyronine (FT4), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TGL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were done. All the patients were divided into two groups viz., neoplastic and non neoplastic on the basis of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) diagnosis. One-way ANOVA and Student's t-test were used for the analysis of thyroid tumour patients. The p-value of <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Out of 138 cases identified, 38 cases (27.5%) were between 10-30 years of age, 90 cases (65.2%) between 31- 50 years and 10 cases (7.3%) between 51-70 years of age. The incidence of thyroid pathology was significantly high in patients with age >30 years of age as compared to ≤30 years of age patients (27.5% vs 72.5%, Υ2=55.7, p-value <0.05). The incidence of thyroid tumours was high in females than in males and is statistically significant (20.3% vs 79.7%, Υ2=97.44, p-value <0.05). Out of 138 patients, euthyroid was observed in 71 patients, overt hypothyroidism in 37, Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) in 14, overt hyperthyroidism in 11 and subclinical hyperthyroidism in four patients. Hypothyroidism was found in 50% of neoplastic tumour patients which is significantly high as compared to non neoplastic tumour patients. Significantly higher levels of TSH were noted in neoplastic group as compared to non neoplastic group (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: The high serum concentrations of TSH in patients with thyroid swellings should be evaluated properly for the early diagnosis of thyroid cancers. The data from our study provided the evidence for a possible association of TSH, TGL with thyroid cancer.
Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as Affected by Bio-Fertilizer and Seaweed Extract
Authors: Kewat Prithvi Raj , Singh Rajesh , Kaifee Md , Sanodiya Lalit Kumar
Published: June 2022

The field experiment was conducted at crop research farm during Rabi season 2021-2022 at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), to evaluate the influence of bio-fertiliser and seaweed extract on growth and yield of wheat. The 9 treatments consisting of Seed inoculation with Azotobacter (ASI) 20g/kg seed and 0% application of seaweed extract (SWE) (T1), ASI 20g/kg seed and 5% application of SWE (T2), ASI 20g/kg seed and 7.5% application of SWE (T3), Seed inoculation with PSB 20g/kg seed and 0% application of SWE (T4), Seed inoculation with PSB 20g/kg seed and 5% application of SWE (T5), Seed inoculation with PSB 20g/kg seed and 7.5% application of SWE (T6), Seed inoculation with both Azotobacter and PSB 10+10g/kg seed and foliar application of 0% SWE (T7), Seed inoculation with both Azotobacter and PSB 10+10g/kg seed and foliar application of 5% SWE (T8), Seed inoculation with both Azotobacter and PSB 10+10g/kg seed and foliar application of 7.5% SWE (T9), were carried in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The results showed that seed inoculation with both Azotobacter and PSB 10+10g/kg seed and foliar application of 7.5% SWE at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) (T9) had superior values of growth parameters i.e., plant height  (35.39, 82.58, 84.45 cm) and dry weight (6.19, 16.61, 18.03 g) at 60, 90 days after sowing (DAS) and harvest, respectively, and found more productive as it attained higher values of spikes/m2 (391.67), grains/spike (53.79), test weight (40.00), as well as grain (6.68 t/ha) and straw yields (10.68 t/ha) and proved statistically superior over other treatments but found at par to seed inoculation with both Azotobacter and PSB 10+10 g/kg seed and foliar application of 5% seaweed extract (T8).
Impact of Climate Change on Egg Production in India and Price Behaviour of Eggs in Selected Markets of India
Authors: Soumya P.
Published: June 2022

The present study entitled “Impact of Climate Change on Egg Production in India and Price Behaviour of Eggs in Selected Markets of India” aims to study the impact of climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall and relative humidity on egg production in India and various components of prices of eggs in selected markets of India. Multiple regression analysis revealed that temperature has a negative effect and rainfall and relative humidity have a positive effect on egg production in India. Decomposition of prices of eggs to trend, seasonal, cyclical and irregular components was done using Minitab. The data on egg prices from June 2009 to May 2022 was obtained from National Egg Coordination Committee (NECC) website. Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi and Mumbai are the four markets considered for the study. The average price per 100 eggs is highest in Mumbai (Rs.366.06) followed by Chennai (Rs.360.25), Bengaluru (Rs.348.52) and Delhi (Rs.341.17). the prices of eggs showed wide fluctuations and there is uniformity in prices of eggs across all the selected markets due to organized egg marketing. The prices of eggs in all the selected markets showed a highly significant increasing trend. The annual increase in egg prices was highest in the Mumbai market (Rs.1.57/100 eggs) and lowest in the Delhi market (Rs.1.35/100 eggs). The highest seasonal index was observed during the month of June in Bengaluru and Chennai markets and during the month of July in Delhi and Mumbai markets. In the month of April, the prices of eggs decreased due to their short shelf life because of summer whereas in the month of November the prices of eggs decreased due to an increase in arrivals of eggs. The highest price of eggs during the June and July months is due to an increase in the consumption of eggs. Egg prices do not have any price cycles and irregular variations are observed for all the markets considered under study. Government should take initiative to educate poultry farmers regarding the impact of climate change on egg production as well as prevailing egg prices in the market.
Analisis Dramatisasi Shot Video pada Iklan Sampo “Pantene”
Authors: Kabelen Nicholaus Wayong
Published: June 2022

Pada studi kasus iklan sampo “Pantene” ini metode kualitatif diterapkan oleh penulis sebagai acuan mendalami subjek dan pengamatan terhadap studi kasus merujuk iklan yang dibintangi Anggun C. Sasmi yang menjadi brand ambassador “Pantene” dari tahun ke tahun. Penelitian kualitatif menurut Cresswell merupakan metode yang bertujuan pemahaman terhadap makna. Pembuatan video iklan tidak lepas dari potongan shot yang sudah dipersiapkan sangat matang, karena di dalam shot banyak sekali makna maupun pesan yang ingin disampaikan sutradara kepada penonton. Salah satunya pesan produk yang sedang ditawarkan. Selain dramatis shot naskah juga berpengaruh di dalam iklan sampo “Pantene” terbukti dari analisis struktur 3 babak, bahwa iklan tersebut memiliki awal, konflik hingga penyelesaian.
Advances in structural, spatial, and temporal mechanics of plant endocytosis
Authors: Dahhan Dana A. , Bednarek Sebastian Y.
Published: June 2022

Endocytic trafficking underlies processes essential for plant growth and development, including the perception of and response to abiotic and extracellular stimuli, post‐Golgi and exocytic trafficking, and cytokinesis. Protein adaptors and regulatory factors of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis that contribute to the formation of endocytic clathrin‐coated vesicles are evolutionarily conserved. Yet, work of the last ten years has identified differences between the endocytic mechanisms of plants and Opisthokonts involving the endocytic adaptor TPLATE complex, the requirement of actin during CME, and the function of clathrin‐independent endocytosis in the uptake of plant‐specific plasma membrane proteins. Here, we review clathrin‐mediated and ‐independent pathways in plants and describe recent advances enabled by new proteomic and imaging methods, and conditional perturbation of endocytosis. In addition, we summarize the formation and trafficking of clathrin‐coated vesicles based on temporal and structural data garnered from high‐resolution quantitative imaging studies. Finally, new information about the cross‐talk between endocytosis and other endomembrane trafficking pathways and organelles will also be discussed.
Combining variant detection and fragment length analysis improves detection of minimal residual disease in postsurgery circulating tumour DNA of stage II–IIIA NSCLC patients
Authors: Vessies Daan C. L. , Schuurbiers Milou M. F. , van der Noort Vincent , Schouten Irene , Linders Theodora C. , Lanfermeijer Mirthe , Ramkisoensing Kalpana L. , Hartemink Koen J. , Monkhorst Kim , van den Heuvel Michel M. , van den Broek Daan
Published: June 2022

Stage II–IIIA nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receive adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery as standard‐of‐care treatment, even though only approximately 5.8% of patients will benefit. Identifying patients with minimal residual disease (MRD) after surgery using tissue‐informed testing of postoperative plasma circulating cell‐free tumour DNA (ctDNA) may allow adjuvant therapy to be withheld from patients without MRD. However, the detection of MRD in the postoperative setting is challenging, and more sensitive methods are urgently needed. We developed a method that combines variant calling and a novel ctDNA fragment length analysis using hybrid capture sequencing data. Among 36 stage II–IIIA NSCLC patients, this method distinguished patients with and without recurrence of disease in a 20 times repeated 10‐fold cross validation with 75% accuracy (P = 0.0029). In contrast, using only variant calling or only fragment length analysis, no signification distinction between patients was shown (P = 0.24 and P = 0.074 respectively). In addition, a variant‐level fragmentation score was developed that was able to classify variants detected in plasma cfDNA into tumour‐derived or white‐blood‐cell‐derived variants with 84% accuracy. The findings in this study may help drive the integration of various types of information from the same data, eventually leading to cheaper and more sensitive techniques to be used in this challenging clinical setting.
Roles of Ionic Liquids in Adjusting Nature of Ionogels: A Mini Review
Authors: Luo Zhihong , Li Wenjin , Yan Jipeng , Sun Jian
Published: June 2022

Over the past two decades, the unique features of ionic liquids (ILs) drive their exploration and exploitation in gel field and endow the gels with many excellent properties including thermal stability, antifreezing capability, mechanical strength, self‐healing, conductivity, and antibacterial performance. As promising functional materials, ionogels have attracted remarkable interest in various applications including flexible electronics, energy storage, and biomedical applications. This review aims to give a detailed overview of the recent advances in developing of IL‐based task‐specific ionogels. The effects of ILs on the ionogels’ formation and structure modification and their promotion on elevating these gel properties from the viewpoint of fundamental to the application are comprehensively discussed. The different interactions also discussed between ILs and other components in forming ionogels, such as hydrogen bond, electrostatic interaction, host–guest interaction, IL‐philic and IL‐phobic interaction, and introduced ILs’ dissolvability to biomass; and the unique capability of ionogels owing to ILs, such as conductivity, electrochemical stability, thermal stability, and antibacterial ability. Finally, the future challenges and perspectives of ionogels are outlooked.
Characterization and Modelling of Flexible VO2 Mott Memristor for the Artificial Spiking Warm Receptor
Authors: Han Chuan Yu , Han Zheng Rong , Fang Sheng Li , Fan Shi Quan , Yin Jun Qing , Liu Wei Hua , Li Xin , Yang Shi Qiang , Zhang Guo He , Wang Xiao Li , Geng Li
Published: June 2022

In this work, high‐performance VO2 Mott memristors with the simple via‐hole structure of Pt/VO2/Pt are fabricated on flexible Kapton polymide (PI) substrate with high endurance (>104 sweep‐voltage cycles), good bending stability (>103), and low operating current (<130 µA). The electrical properties of flexible memristor are well modeled by using the 3D Poole–Frenkel emission and Newton's law of cooling considering the temperature dependence of electrical and thermal properties of VO2. As a result, a flexible artificial spiking warm receptor is achieved by using a single VO2 Mott memristor driven by a current source. And an oscillation circuit model is presented to thoroughly study the effects of the memristor electrical properties on the spiking frequency. With the stimulus temperature elevated from 20 to 40 °C, the spiking frequency of artificial spiking warm receptor first increases, then falls off rather quickly to zero at the higher temperature of 45 °C, resembling the response characteristics of biological warm receptors. Hence, the proposed flexible artificial spiking warm receptor is a promising candidate for the bio‐inspired electronic skin of spike‐based intelligence machines with neuromorphic computing.
Achieving Scalable Near‐Zero‐Index Materials
Authors: Palm Kevin J. , Gong Tao , Shelden Calum , Deniz Ece , Krayer Lisa J. , Leite Marina S. , Munday Jeremy N.
Published: June 2022

Near‐zero‐index (NZI) materials are becoming increasingly important for photonic designs because they enable new ways to control light–matter interactions at the nanoscale. Many device prototypes that utilize NZI layers are created under conditions that are tool and laboratory specific, making widespread utilization and scalability of NZI materials difficult. Herein, this limitation is circumvented by using transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) produced from scalable commercial sources. The optical response of 49 distinct TCOs with NZI behavior from 12 different suppliers is quantified, including indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO), and fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO). The measurements reveal that the ITO samples have the strongest NZI resonances with many samples exhibiting |n| < 0.6 with resonances occurring between 1150 and 1350 nm. Conversely, the FTO and AZO films present higher values of |n| (ranging from 0.6 to 0.9) at 1500–1900 nm. The optical properties, resistivities, and roughness values for all thin films are reported, creating a useful database for device design. Finally, novel NZI phenomena, such as the strong suppression of non‐normal incidence illumination using the data collected from these samples, are demonstrated, opening the door to new opportunities for both research‐grade and mass‐produced NZI devices.
Tuning 4f‐Center Electron Structure by Schottky Defects for Catalyzing Li Diffusion to Achieve Long‐Term Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Zhang Jing , He Rong , Zhuang Quan , Ma Xinjun , You Caiyin , Hao Qianqian , Li Linge , Cheng Shuang , Lei Li , Deng Bo , Li Xifei , Lin Hongzhen , Wang Jian
Published: June 2022

Lithium metal is considered as the most prospective electrode for next‐generation energy storage systems due to high capacity and the lowest potential. However, uncontrollable spatial growth of lithium dendrites and the crack of solid electrolyte interphase still hinder its application. Herein, Schottky defects are motivated to tune the 4f‐center electronic structures of catalysts to provide active sites to accelerate Li transport kinetics. As experimentally and theoretically confirmed, the electronic density is redistributed and affected by the Schottky defects, offering numerous active catalytic centers with stronger ion diffusion capability to guide the horizontal lithium deposition against dendrite growth. Consequently, the Li electrode with artificial electronic‐modulation layer remarkably decreases the barriers of desolvation, nucleation, and diffusion, extends the dendrite‐free plating lifespan up to 1200 h, and improves reversible Coulombic efficiency. With a simultaneous catalytic effect on the conversions of sulfur species at the cathodic side, the integrated Li–S full battery exhibits superior rate performance of 653 mA h g−1 at 5 C, high long‐life capacity retention of 81.4% at 3 C, and a high energy density of 2264 W h kg−1 based on sulfur in a pouch cell, showing the promising potential toward high‐safety and long‐cycling lithium metal batteries.
Easy as piadcs: A low‐cost, ultra‐high‐resolution data acquisition system using a Raspberry Pi
Authors: Knapp Anna , Bloom Arnold J.
Published: June 2022

Premise

High‐precision data acquisition (DAQ) is essential for developing new methods in the plant sciences. Commercial high‐resolution DAQ systems are cost prohibitive, whereas the less expensive systems that are currently available lack the resolution and precision required for many physiological measurements.

Methods and Results

We developed the software libraries, called piadcs, and hardware design for a DAQ system based on an ultra‐high‐resolution analog‐to‐digital converter and a Raspberry Pi computer. We tested the system precision with and without a thermocouple attached and found the precision with the sensor to be better than ±0.01°C and the maximum possible system resolution to be 0.4 ppm.

Conclusions

The ultra‐high‐resolution DAQ system described here is inexpensive, flexible enough to be used with many different sensors, and can be built by researchers with rudimentary electronic and computer skills. This system is most applicable in the development of new measurement techniques and the improvement of existing methods.
Heavy Chain Constant Region Usage in Antibodies to Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 as a Marker of Disease Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Gómez‐Bañuelos E. , Shi J. , Wang H. , Danila M. I. , Bridges S. L. , Giles J. T. , Sims G. P. , Andrade F. , Darrah E.
Published: June 2022

Objective

The study of autoantibody isotypes in autoimmune diseases is useful for identifying clinically relevant endotypes. This study was undertaken to study the prevalence and clinical significance of different isotypes and IgG subclasses of anti–peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (anti‐PAD4) autoantibodies in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

In 196 RA subjects and 64 healthy controls, anti‐PAD4 antibody types were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We investigated associations between anti‐PAD4 antibodies and clinical outcomes, and relevant features were confirmed in an independent RA cohort.

Results

Anti‐PAD4 IgG1, anti‐PAD4 IgG2, anti‐PAD4 IgG3, anti‐PAD4 IgG4, anti‐PAD4 IgA, and anti‐PAD4 IgE antibodies were more frequent in RA patients than healthy controls (P < 0.001). Anti‐PAD4 IgG1, anti‐PAD4 IgG3, and anti‐PAD4 IgE were associated with distinct clinical features. Anti‐PAD4 IgG1 was predictive of progressive radiographic joint damage (odds ratio [OR] 4.88, P = 0.005), especially in RA patients without baseline joint damage (40% versus 0%, P = 0.003) or in those negative for anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide and/or rheumatoid factor (OR 32; P = 0.009). IgG1 was also associated with higher levels of C‐reactive protein (P = 0.006) and interleukin‐6 (P = 0.021). RA patients with anti‐PAD4 IgG3 had higher baseline joint damage scores (median Sharp/van der Heijde score 13 versus 7, P = 0.046), while those with anti‐PAD4 IgE had higher Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (median 4.0 versus 3.5, P = 0.025), more frequent rheumatoid nodules (31% versus 16%, P = 0.025), and more frequent interstitial lung disease (ground‐glass opacification) (24% versus 9%, P = 0.014). Anti‐PAD4 IgG1 antibody associations with joint damage were corroborated in an independent RA cohort.

Conclusion

Anti‐PAD4 IgG1, anti‐PAD4 IgG3, and anti‐PAD4 IgE antibodies identify discrete disease subsets in RA, suggesting that heavy chain usage drives distinct effector mechanisms of anti‐PAD4 antibodies in RA.
Axinellamine E, One New Pyrrololactam Alkaloid from the South China Sea Sponge Axinella sp.
Authors: Xu Li , Wang Panpan , Yuan Shijie , Yu Liangzhou , Zhao Jianping , Li Guoqiang , Zhang Gang , Luo Lianzhong
Published: June 2022

Chemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the sponge Axinella sp. collected from the South China Sea resulted in the identification of one new pyrrololactam alkaloid, axinellamine E (2), along with four known analogs (1, 3–5). Compound 1 was initially separated as enantiomers and was further separated to be optically pure compounds (1 a and 1 b) by a chiral column. The planar structure of compound 2 was determined mainly by 1D‐, 2D‐NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS data analyses. Absolute configurations of 1 a and 1 b was defined by calculated ECD spectra method. All of the compounds were evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory activities against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW 264.7 cells among which compound 1 showed weak activity at 40 μg/mL. Plausible biosynthetic pathways corresponding to aldisine analogs of 1, 2, 4, and 5 were also discussed.
Comparison of multiple imaging modalities for measuring orifice diameter and selecting occluder size in patients undergoing left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Zhang Kandi , Zhou Jing , Zhang Tiantian , Zhang Zongqi , Jin Shanliang , He Qing , Zhang Junfeng
Published: June 2022

Background

Left atrial appendage (LAA) closure (LAAC) can safely and effectively prevent stroke events caused by atrial fibrillation. However, the structure of the LAA is highly variable among individuals, and the optimal method for obtaining measurements remains unknown.

Hypothesis

We aimed to study the accuracy of left atrial computed tomography angiography (CTA), three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction using CTA, two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D‐TEE), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for measuring the diameter of the LAA and compare their value for selecting occluder size.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated data for 148 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who underwent successful LAAC. CTA and 2D‐TEE of the left atrium and pulmonary vein were performed before LAAC. We performed 3D reconstruction of the left atrium and LAA using Mimics and 3‐matics software. DSA of the LAA was performed during surgery.

Results

Values measured via CTA 3D reconstruction were significantly higher than those measured using other methods. DSA‐measured values were significantly lower than those measured via CTA and CTA 3D reconstruction. Occluder size was positively correlated with LAA orifice diameter. The differences between occluder size and DSA, 2D‐TEE, CTA, CTA 3D reconstruction measurements were 4.96 ± 2.58, 4.64 ± 2.50, 4.04 ± 1.37, and 2.92 ± 1.38 mm, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients for these methods were −.067, .006, .241, and .519, respectively.

Conclusion

CTA 3D reconstruction provides the best correlation and consistency between the measured LAA orifice diameter and occluder size. Adding 2–4 mm to the maximum LAA orifice diameter based on 3D‐CTA may aid in selecting the appropriate WATCHMAN device.
Longitudinal quantitative assessment of coronary atherosclerosis related to normal systolic blood pressure maintenance in the absence of established cardiovascular disease
Authors: Won Ki‐Bum , Park Hyung‐Bok , Heo Ran , Lee Byoung Kwon , Lin Fay Y. , Hadamitzky Martin , Kim Yong‐Jin , Sung Ji Min , Conte Edoardo , Andreini Daniele , Pontone Gianluca , Budoff Matthew J. , Gottlieb Ilan , Chun Eun Ju , Cademartiri Filippo , Maffei Erica , Marques Hugo , Gonçalves Pedro de Araújo , Leipsic Jonathon A. , Lee Sang‐Eun , Shin Sanghoon , Choi Jung Hyun , Virmani Renu , Samady Habib , Chinnaiyan Kavitha , Berman Daniel S. , Narula Jagat , Bax Jeroen J. , Min James K. , Chang Hyuk‐Jae
Published: June 2022

Background

Atherosclerosis‐related adverse events are commonly observed even in conditions with low cardiovascular (CV) risk. Longitudinal data regarding the association of normal systolic blood pressure maintenance (SBPmaintain) with coronary plaque volume changes (PVC) has been limited in adults without traditional CV disease.

Hypothesis

Normal SBPmaintain is important to attenuate coronary atherosclerosis progression in adults without baseline CV disease.

Methods

We analyzed 95 adults (56.7 ± 8.5 years; 40.0% men) without baseline CV disease who underwent serial coronary computed tomographic angiography with mean 3.5 years of follow‐up. All participants were divided into two groups of normal SBPmaintain (follow‐up SBP < 120 mm Hg) and ≥elevated SBPmaintain (follow‐up SBP ≥ 120 mm Hg). Annualized PVC was defined as PVC divided by the interscan period.

Results

Compared to participants with normal SBPmaintain, those with ≥elevated SBPmaintain had higher annualized total PVC (mm3/year) (0.0 [0.0–2.2] vs. 4.1 [0.0–13.0]; p < .001). Baseline total plaque volume (β = .10) and the levels of SBPmaintain (β = .23) and follow‐up high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = −0.28) were associated with annualized total PVC (all p < .05). The optimal cutoff of SBPmaintain for predicting plaque progression was 118.5 mm Hg (sensitivity: 78.2%, specificity: 62.5%; area under curve: 0.700; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–0.81; p < .05). SBPmaintain ≥ 118.5 mm Hg (odds ratio [OR]: 4.03; 95% CI: 1.51–10.75) and baseline total plaque volume (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.06) independently influenced coronary plaque progression (all p < .05).

Conclusion

Normal SBPmaintain is substantial to attenuate coronary atherosclerosis progression in conditions without established CV disease.
Abnormal behavior detection of stationary objects in surveillance videos with visualization and classification
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Gangadharappa Mandlem
Published: June 2022

Anomaly detection in video systems has been popular over several years. It is still challenging to detect anomalies in a static object. To manage this objective, we focus on changes in the position of a stationary object in videos. In a normal scenario, the pixel values of the static object are fixed while in abnormal motion the fixed values change. We introduce a new concept to determine anomalies based on manual annotations in each video frame, only over a part of a static object in a frame such that it can be taken as a reference for the whole. Through color channel splitting we determine mask image, from which handcrafted features such as scratch area, perimeter, equivalent diameter and density are calculated. In the next step, we analyze frame‐wise changes in feature values using a linear regression model, feature values are constant when the object remains stationary while there is a rise or fall in values when an object changes location. We classify feature values through anomaly scores and thresholds. In this model, we are evaluating our proposed framework on 12 real‐time video datasets. Results are compared with existing techniques which are outperforming in terms of accuracy, mean square error and area under the curve.
Microsolvated Ion‐Molecule SN2 Reactions with Dual Nucleophiles Induced by Solvent Molecules
Authors: Wu Xiangyu , Zhao Chongyang , Xie Jing
Published: June 2022

Singly‐hydrated HOO− anion was found to induce alternative nucleophile HO− via proton transfer from water molecule when reacting with CH3Cl. To investigate the generality of this effect, the competition between the solvent‐induced HO−−SN2 pathway and the normal HOO−−SN2 pathway is studied for the microsolvated HOO−(H2O)n=1,2,3+CH3X (X=F, Cl, Br, I) reaction by quantum chemistry calculations. Incremental hydration increases the barrier heights of both pathways and enlarges the barrier difference between them, which favors the HOO−−SN2 pathway. Interestingly, the barrier difference is insensitive to the leaving group. Calculations show that the water induced HO−−SN2 pathway is highly suppressed when the degree of hydration increases beyond two. The differential barrier under incremental hydration can be explained by solvent molecules stabilizing the HOMO level of HO−(HOOH)(H2O)n‐1 nucleophile more than that of the HOO−(H2O)n nucleophile. Comparison between the HO−‐ and HOO−‐nucleophiles suggests that α‐effect exists. Activation strain analysis attributes the barrier differences to stronger TS distortion of the HO−−SN2 pathway than that of the HOO−−SN2 pathway.