bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On‐line analysis of diesel engine exhaust gases by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry
Authors: Smith David , Španĕl Patrik , Dabill David , Cocker John , Rajan Bob
Published: November 2004

Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) has been used to analyse on‐line and in real time the exhaust gas emissions from a Caterpillar 3304 diesel engine under different conditions of load (idle and 50% of rated load) and speed (910, 1500 and 2200 rpm) using three types of fuel: an ultra‐low‐sulphur diesel, a rapeseed methyl ester and gas oil. SIFT‐MS analyses of the alkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons in the headspace of these fuels were also performed, but the headspace of the rapeseed methyl ester consists mainly of methanol and a compound with the molecular formula C4H8O. The exhaust gases were analysed for NO and NO2 using O reagent ions and for HNO2 using H3O+ reagent ions. The following aldehydes and ketones in the exhaust gases were quantified by using the combination of H3O+ and NO+ reagent ions: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propenal, propanal, acetone, butanal, pentanal, butanone and pentanone. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and pentenal, all known respiratory irritants associated with sensitisation to asthma of workers exposed to diesel exhaust, are variously present within the range 100–2000 ppb. Hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases accessible to SIFT‐MS analyses were also quantified as total concentrations of the various isomers of C3H4, C3H6, C4H6, C5H8, C5H10, C6H8, C6H10, C7H14, C6H6, C7H8, C8H10 and C9H12. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reference ranges for umbilical and middle cerebral artery pulsatility index and cerebroplacental ratio in prolonged pregnancies
Authors: Palacio M. , Figueras F. , Zamora L. , Jiménez J. M. , Puerto B. , Coll O. , Cararach V. , Vanrell J. A.
Published: November 2004

Objective

To construct normal ranges for umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA PI), middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA PI) and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) in prolonged pregnancies according to strict methodological criteria using polynomial regression analysis.

Methods

This was a retrospective, cross‐sectional observational study involving 140 women, 10 women for each gestational day between 287 and 300 days of gestation. Fetal Doppler parameters were assessed to construct normal reference ranges for UA PI and MCA PI. CPR was calculated as a ratio of MCA PI/UA PI.

Results

Mathematical modeling of the data demonstrated that the optimal fit was a linear polynomial one. Mean, 5th and 95th centiles were calculated for UA, MCA and CPR and centile curves from the regression analysis were constructed.

Conclusions

Reference ranges for UA PI, MCA PI and CPR in prolonged pregnancies have been constructed. MCA PI shows a wider range than previously reported in the literature. Copyright © 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of three expression systems for heterologous xylanase production byS. cerevisiaein defined medium
Authors: Görgens Johann F. , Planas Jordi , van Zyl Willem H. , Knoetze Johannes H. , Hahn‐Hägerdal Bärbel
Published: November 2004

The influence of the auxotrophic deficiencies of the host strain and expression vector selection on the production of a heterologous protein was investigated. Heterologous xylanase production by two prototrophicS. cerevisiaetransformants, containing either a plasmid‐based, YEp‐type expression system or an integrative, YIp‐type expression system, were compared with production by an auxotrophic transformant, containing an identical YEp‐type expression system, in batch and continuous cultivation, using a chemically defined medium. Heterologous xylanase production by the auxotrophic strains in defined medium was critically dependent on the availability of amino acids, as extracellular xylanase production increased dramatically when amino acids were over‐consumed from the medium to the point of saturating the cell. Saturation with amino acids, indicated by an increased leakage of amino acids from the cell, was thus a prerequisite for high level of heterologous protein production by the auxotrophic strain. Maximal xylanase production levels by the auxotrophic strain corresponded to the levels obtained with a similar prototrophic strain during cultivation in defined medium without amino acids. Superfluous auxotrophic markers thus had a strong deleterious effect on heterologous protein production by recombinant yeasts, and the use of such strains should be limited to initial exploratory investigations. The increased copy number and foreign gene dosage of the YEp‐based expression vector, stabilized by theura3 fur1autoselection system, significantly improved production levels of heterologous xylanase, compared to the YIp system, which is based on a single integration into the yeast genome. No evidence was found of the possible saturation of the host secretory capacity by multicopy overexpression. Stable production of heterologous xylanase at high levels by the prototrophic YEp‐based recombinant strain, compared to the YIp system, was demonstrated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NF‐κB activation prevents apoptotic oxidative stress via an increase of both thioredoxin and MnSOD levels in TNFα‐treated Ewing sarcoma cells
Authors: Djavaheri-Mergny Mojgan , Javelaud Delphine , Wietzerbin Juana , Besançon Françoise
Published: November 2004

Repression of activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) participates in the anti‐apoptotic effect of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) in TNFα‐treated Ewing sarcoma cells. As oxidative stress is one of the most prominent activators of JNK, we investigated the relationship between TNFα‐induced NF‐κB activation and the control of oxidative stress. Inhibition of NF‐κB activation resulted in an increase in TNFα‐induced ROS production, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Those ROS and lipid peroxides were both involved in TNFα‐induced apoptosis, whereas only ROS elevation triggered sustained JNK activation. TNFα increased the level of two antioxidant enzymes, thioredoxin and manganese superoxide dismutase by an NF‐κB‐dependent mechanism. Inhibition of expression or activity of these enzymes sensitized cells to TNFα‐induced apoptosis, indicating their functional role in protection from cell death. Thus, agents that inhibit activities of these enzymes may prove helpful in the treatment of Ewing tumors.
The double life of HOXB4
Authors: Morgan Richard , Pettengell Ruth , Sohal Jastinder
Published: November 2004

HOXB4 is a homeodomain‐containing transcription factor with diverse roles in embryonic development and the regulation of adult stem cells. Intriguingly, this gene can act in opposite ways when expressed by different cells, promoting the proliferation of stem cells whilst activating the apoptotic pathway in some embryonic structures. This review considers the basis for these differences in terms of the molecular biology of HOXB4 and the cells that express it.
Effects of suramin, a polyanionic drug inducing lysosomal storage disorders on tooth germs in vitro
Authors: Gritli‐Linde Amel , Ruch Jean‐Victor , Mark Manuel P. , Lécolle Sylvie , Goldberg Michel
Published: November 2004

Summary— Suramin, a potent inhibitor of lysosomal enzymes, is commonly employed as a tool for inducing experimental mucopolysaccharidosis and lipidosis. The effects of the drug on embryonic mouse molars were analysed. Presecretory ameloblasts and odontoblasts were loaded with lysosome‐like vacuoles. Staining with MC22‐33F, an antibody to choline phospholipids and sphingomyelin, was completely reversed in the suramin‐treated germs, in that it stained only presecretory ameloblasts (versus odontoblasts and some pulpal cells in the control group), according to a developmentally regulated pattern. The suramin‐induced cytoplasmic changes were reminiscent of the features of mucopolysaccharidoses and lipidoses. The basement membrane, separating the enamel organ from the dental papilla, displayed suramin‐induced patches, and in predentin collagen fibrillogenesis was found to be disturbed. Furthermore, autoradiography was employed to reveal uptake and distribution of [3H] suramin in the cells and predentin. Finally, a suramin‐induced disturbance of the metabolism of sulphated macromolecules was found. The results imply that suramin effects in vitro on tooth germs can be used as a useful experimental model with to study both the action of the drug as well as cell and extracellular matrix perturbations in a mucopolysaccharidosis‐like condition.
Mosquitoes of the Anopheles maculipennis group (Diptera: Culicidae) in Romania, with the discovery and formal recognition of a new species based on molecular and morphological evidence
Authors: Nicolescu G. , Linton Y.-M. , Vladimirescu A. , Howard T.M. , Harbach R.E.
Published: November 2004

Mosquitoes of the Anopheles maculipennis group were collected in five districts of Romania (Constanta, Giurgiu, Ilfov, Mehedinti and Suceava) between March 2000 and June 2003. Two hundred and ninety-seven specimens were identified by molecular methods. Nuclear rDNA ITS2 sequences of 178 specimens were compared with GenBank sequences for nine known Palaearctic species of the group, and 119 specimens were identified using an ITS2 PCR–RFLP assay developed during the study. Five genetically distinct species of the group were identified: A. atroparvus van Thiel, A. maculipennis Meigen, A. melanoon Hackett and A. messeae Falleroni and a previously unrecognized species. The new species, herein formally described and named A. daciaesp. n., was collected in the Black Sea coastal region and plains adjacent to the Danube River in southern Romania. Anopheles daciae is most similar to and sympatric with A. messeae. It is contrasted with A. messeae and characterized on the basis of unique nuclear ITS2 and mitochondrial COI DNA sequences and morphological characters of the eggs. The larval, pupal and adults stages of the two species were also compared, but no reliable characters were found to distinguish them. It seems likely that A. daciae is more widespread in eastern Europe and the Balkan States, and could be responsible for malaria transmission in these regions that is currently attributed to A. messeae. Anopheles melanoon is reported from Romania for the first time.
Neuronal gene transfer by baculovirus‐derived vectors accommodating a neurone‐specific promoter
Authors: Li Ying , Yang Yi , Wang Shu
Published: November 2004

Recombinant baculoviruses have been employed as gene delivery vectors for mammalian cells, including neurones, during recent years. The aim of the current study was to develop a new recombinant baculovirus vector capable of enhancing gene expression in neurones. A hybrid promoter constructed by fusing the enhancer of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediately early promoter to the human platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) β‐chain promoter was placed into a baculovirus expression cassette. In cultured neurones, baculovirus vectors containing the hybrid promoter augmented transgene expression up to 100‐fold greater than that mediated by titre‐matched baculovirus vectors with the PDGF promoter alone. Double immunostaining of tissue sections collected from the striatum and the retina injected with the new baculovirus vector demonstrated its specificity in driving gene expression almost exclusively in neurones, confirming the feasibility of using a tissue‐specific promoter in the context of baculovirus vectors to provide cell type‐specific transgene expression. The attributes of the new baculovirus vector might have practical implications for gene therapy in the nervous system.
Melatonin promoted chemotaxins expression in lung epithelial cell stimulated with TNF-α
Authors: Luo FengMing , Liu XiaoJing , Li ShuangQing , Liu ChunTao , Wang ZengLi
Published: November 2004

Background

Patients with asthma demonstrate circadian variations in the airway inflammation and lung function. Pinealectomy reduces the total inflammatory cell number in the asthmatic rat lung. We hypothesize that melatonin, a circadian rhythm regulator, may modulate the circadian inflammatory variations in asthma by stimulating the chemotaxins expression in the lung epithelial cell.

Methods

Lung epithelial cells (A549) were stimulated with melatonin in the presence or absence of TNF-α(100 ng/ml). RANTES (Regulated on Activation Normal T-cells Expressed and Secreted) and eotaxin expression were measured using ELISA and real-time RT-PCR, eosinophil chemotactic activity (ECA) released by A549 was measured by eosinophil chemotaxis assay.

Results

TNF-α increased the expression of RANTES (307.84 ± 33.56 versus 207.64 ± 31.27 pg/ml of control, p = 0.025) and eotaxin (108.97 ± 10.87 versus 54.00 ± 5.29 pg/ml of control, p = 0.041). Melatonin(10-10 to 10-6M) alone didn't change the expression of RNATES (204.97 ± 32.56 pg/ml) and eotaxin (55.28 ± 6.71 pg/ml). However, In the presence of TNF-α (100 ng/ml), melatonin promoted RANTES (410.88 ± 52.03, 483.60 ± 55.37, 559.92 ± 75.70, 688.42 ± 95.32, 766.39 ± 101.53 pg/ml, treated with 10-10, 10-9, 10-8, 10-7,10-6M melatonin, respectively) and eotaxin (151.95 ± 13.88, 238.79 ± 16.81, 361.62 ± 36.91, 393.66 ± 44.89, 494.34 ± 100.95 pg/ml, treated with 10-10, 10-9, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6M melatonin, respectively) expression in a dose dependent manner in A549 cells (compared with TNF-α alone, P < 0.05). The increased release of RANTES and eotaxin in A549 cells by above treatment were further confirmed by both real-time RT-PCR and the ECA assay.

Conclusion

Taken together, our results suggested that melatonin might synergize with pro-inflammatory cytokines to modulate the asthma airway inflammation through promoting the expression of chemotaxins in lung epithelial cell.
Effect of dietary palm olein oil on oxidative stress associated with ischemic-reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart
Authors: Narang Deepak , Sood Subeena , Thomas Mathew Kadali , Dinda Amit Kumar , Maulik Subir Kumar
Published: November 2004

Background

Palm olein oil (PO), obtained from refining of palm oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acid and antioxidant vitamins and is widely used as oil in diet in many parts of the world including India. Palm oil has been reported to have beneficial effects in oxidative stress associated with hypertension and arterial thrombosis. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the etiopathology of myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI) which is a common sequel of ischemic heart disease. Antioxidants have potent therapeutic effects on both ischemic heart disease and ischemic-reperfusion injury. Information on the effect of PO on ischemic-reperfusion injury is, however, lacking. In the present study, the effect of dietary palm olein oil on oxidative stress associated with IRI was investigated in an isolated rat heart model. Wistar rats (150–200 gm) of either sex were divided into three different groups (n = 16). Rats were fed with palm olein oil supplemented commercial rat diet, in two different doses [5% v / w (PO 5) and 10% v / w (PO 10) of diet] for 30 days. Control rats (C) were fed with normal diet. After 30 days, half the rats from each group were subjected to in vitro myocardial IRI (20 min of global ischemia, followed by 40 min of reperfusion). Hearts from all the groups were then processed for biochemical and histopathological studies. One way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test was applied to test for significance and values are expressed as mean ± SE (p < 0.05).

Results

There was a significant increase in myocardial catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities with no significant change in myocardial thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) only in group PO 5 as compared to group C. There was no light microscopic evidence of tissue injury. A significant rise in myocardial TBARS and depletion of myocardial endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GPx) along with significant myocyte injury was observed in control rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (C IR). Hearts from palm olein oil fed rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (PO 5 IR and PO 10 IR) were protected from increase in TBARS and depletion of endogenous antioxidants as compared to C IR group. No significant myocyte injury was present in the treated groups.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrated for the first time that dietary palm olein oil protected rat heart from oxidative stress associated with ischemic-reperfusion injury.
No effects of GSM-modulated 900 MHz electromagnetic fields on survival rate and spontaneous development of lymphoma in female AKR/J mice
Authors: Sommer Angela M , Streckert Joachim , Bitz Andreas K , Hansen Volkert W , Lerchl Alexander
Published: November 2004

Background

Several reports indicated that non-thermal electromagnetic radiation such as from mobile phones and base stations may promote cancer. Therefore, it was investigated experimentally, whether 900 MHz electromagnetic field exposure influences lymphoma development in a mouse strain that is genetically predisposed to this disease. The AKR/J mice genome carries the AK-virus, which leads within one year to spontaneous development of thymic lymphoblastic lymphoma.

Methods

320 unrestrained female mice were sham-exposed or exposed (each n = 160 animals) to GSM like 900 MHz electromagnetic fields for 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, at an average whole body specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 0.4 W/kg. Animals were visually checked daily and were weighed and palpated weekly. Starting with an age of 6 months, blood samples were taken monthly from the tail. Animals with signs of disease or with an age of about 46 weeks were sacrificed and a gross necropsy was performed.

Results

Electromagnetic field exposure had a significant effect on body weight gain, with higher values in exposed than in sham-exposed animals. However, survival rate and lymphoma incidence did not differ between exposed and sham-exposed mice.

Conclusion

These data do not support the hypothesis that exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields is a significant risk factor for developing lymphoma in a genetically predisposed species, even at a relatively high exposure level.
Late stent thrombosis in the absence of prior intracoronary brachytherapy
Authors: Heller Louis I. , Shemwell Kathie C. , Hug Karen
Published: November 2004

Late stent thrombosis has not been reported in the absence of prior coronary brachytherapy. We reviewed our experience in 1,855 consecutive patients who received at least one stent and did not receive coronary brachytherapy. Half of all stent thromboses occurred within the first week and nearly 65% (22) occurred within 15 days. The incidence of stent thrombosis within this traditional time frame was 1.2%. An additional 12 patients, however, presented with stent thrombosis between 33 and 270 days post‐procedure (mean = 72.9 ± 23 days). The true incidence of stent thrombosis was therefore 1.8% (34/1,855). There were three bypass operations, one stroke and two deaths in the late stent thrombosis group. Late stent thrombosis is an unusual but serious complication in patients who have not received coronary brachytherapy. Intracoronary radiation may potentiate a phenomenon that already occurs after stent deployment. Prolonged treatment (6–12 months) with anti‐platelet agents should be considered after percutaneous intervention with coronary stents. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:23–28. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Blue‐Light‐Emitting ZnGa2O4 Nanowires Using Chemical Vapor Deposition.
Authors: Bae Seung Yong , Seo Hee Won , Na Chan Woong , Park Jeunghee
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Properties of Sm2Co17‐xCrx (0 ≤ x ≤ 3.0) Compounds
Authors: Fuquan B. , Wang J. L. , Tegus O. , Dagula W. , Tang N. , Wang W. Q. , Yang F. M. , Brueck E. , de Boer F. R. , Buschow K. H. J.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low‐Melting Electrolyte for Aluminum Smelting.
Authors: Danielek V. , Hives J.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct Asymmetric Organocatalytic Michael Reactions of α,α‐Disubstituted Aldehydes with β‐Nitrostyrenes for the Synthesis of Quaternary Carbon‐Containing Products.
Authors: Mase Nobuyuki , Thayumanavan Rajeswari , Tanaka Fujie , Barbas Carlos F. III
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lipase Catalyzed Michael Addition of Secondary Amines to Acrylonitrile.
Authors: Torre Oliver , Alfonso Ignacio , Gotor Vicente
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SmI2‐Mediated 3‐exo‐Trig Cyclization of δ‐Oxo‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters to Cyclopropanols and Derivatives.
Authors: Bezzenine‐Lafollee Sophie , Guibe Francois , Villar Helene , Zriba Riadh
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Cyanosilylation Reactions in Hindered Cyclic Ketones.
Authors: Moloney Mark G. , Yaqoob Muhammad
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Environmentally Friendly Esterification of Carboxylic Acids with Triethyl Orthoacetate in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Yoshino Tomonori , Togo Hideo
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper‐Catalyzed Amidation of Aryl Iodides Using KF/Al2O3: An Improved Protocol.
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Rahman , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Mohadjerani Maryam , Mehdinejad Hamidreza
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Rearrangement of Epoxides to Aldehydes Catalyzed by High‐Valent Metalloporphyrin Complex, Cr(TPP)OTf.
Authors: Suda Kohji , Kikkawa Taketoshi , Nakajima Shin‐ichiro , Takanami Toshikatsu
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Unusual 1,4‐Chelation‐Controlled Nucleophilic Addition to Aldehydes with High Stereoselectivity. A Systematic Study of Stereoselectivity in the Addition Reaction of Carbon Nucleophiles to cis‐Substituted Cyclopropanecarbaldehydes.
Authors: Kazuta Yuji , Abe Hiroshi , Yamamoto Tamotsu , Matsuda Akira , Shuto Satoshi
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Three‐Carbon Ring Expansion by Cyclopropane Insertion: Macrocyclic Musks from Readily Available C‐12 Starting Materials.
Authors: Ruedi Georg , Nagel Matthias , Hansen Hans‐Juergen
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Trifluoromethyl Ketones with Cyclic Enamines.
Authors: Nenajdenko V. G. , Druzhinin S. V. , Balenkova E. S.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acetylation Reactions of Amines with Ethyl Acetate Catalyzed by Ytterbium Trifluoromethethanesulfonate.
Authors: Su Weike , Cai Hongfei
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Complex Ligands. Part 98. Efficient and Regioselective Chromium(0)‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐Substituted Furans with Diazo Compounds: Stereoselective Synthesis of (2E,4Z)‐2‐Aryl‐hexadienedioic Acid Diesters.
Authors: Hahn Norbert D. , Nieger Martin , Doetz Karl Heinz
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Diastereoselective Reductive Coupling of 2‐Bromo‐2,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropanamide with Aldehydes Promoted by Triphenylphosphine—Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide. An Efficient Route to the Synthesis of erythro‐α‐Fluoro‐α‐(trifluoromethyl)‐β‐hydroxy Amides.
Authors: Sato Kei , Sekiguchi Takashi , Ishihara Takashi , Konno Tsutomu , Yamanaka Hiroki
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterogeneous Catalysis of a Coordination Network: Cyanosilylation of Imines Catalyzed by a Cd(II)‐(4,4′‐bipyridine) Square Grid Complex.
Authors: Ohmori Osamu , Fujita Makoto
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidation‐Resistant, Sterically Demanding Phenanthrolines as Supporting Ligands for Copper(I) Nitrene Transfer Catalysts.
Authors: Hamilton Charles W. , Laitar David S. , Sadighi Joseph P.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diaryl‐Substituted Salicyl‐ and Anthranyl‐ketoximes as Potential Estrogen Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Minutolo Filippo , Antonello Michela , Bertini Simone , Placanica Giorgio , Rapposelli Simona , Carlson Kathryn E. , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Macchia Marco
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Formation of Benzil Diimines by Microwave‐Assisted Reaction of Benzil with Aromatic Amines on Alumina Surface Without Solvent.
Authors: Singh G. S. , Mahajan D. S.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Eight‐Membered Ring Formation via Olefin Insertion into a Carbon—Carbon Single Bond.
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Fujimoto Atsushi , Ishibashi Mitsuru , Murakami Masahiro
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Rapid and Stereoselective Route to the trans‐Hydrindan Ring System.
Authors: Khan Faiz Ahmed , Satapathy Rashmirekha , Dash Jyotirmayee , Savitha G.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Structural Aspects of Some Intermediates in Furofuran Lignan Synthesis.
Authors: Esteves Ana P. , Lemos Maria A. , Medeiros Maria J. , Rodrigues Ligia M.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles and Related Heterocycles Directly from Activated Alcohols Using TOP Methodology.
Authors: Wilfred Cecilia D. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
O‐Protected 3‐Hydroxy‐oxazolidin‐2,4‐diones: Novel Precursors in the Synthesis of α‐Hydroxyhydroxamic Acids.
Authors: Kurz Thomas , Widyan Khalid
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 1‐Chlorophenazines Based on the Selective Cathodic Reduction of 3,3,6,6‐Tetrachloro‐1,2‐cyclohexanedione.
Authors: Guirado Antonio , Cerezo Alfredo , Andreu Raquel , Lopez Sanchez Jose I. , Bautista Delia
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antiprotozoal Activity of [1,3]Oxazino[4,5,6‐de]quinolines.
Authors: Meyer T. , Geffken D.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Arylazo Derivatives of Azino[b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines.
Authors: Shawali Ahmad S. , Sayed Abdelwahed R.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of β‐Oxo‐α,β‐bis(alkoxycarbonyl)phosphonium Ylides Based on P‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Keglevich Gyoergy , Forintos Henrietta , Ujvari Aniko , Imre Timea , Ludanyi Krisztina , Nagy Zoltan , Toeke Laszlo
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nine Regioisomeric and Stereoisomeric Triterpene Dimers from Maytenus chuchuhuasca.
Authors: Shirota Osamu , Sekita Setsuko , Satake Motoyoshi , Morita Hiroshi , Takeya Koichi , Itokawa Hideji
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Versatile and Stereocontrolled Route to Pyranose and Furanose C‐Glycosides.
Authors: Harvey Joanne E. , Raw Steven A. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polyketide and Sesquiterpenediol Metabolites from a Marine‐Derived Fungus.
Authors: Li Xifeng , Kim Se‐Kwon , Kang Jung Sook , Choi Hong Dae , Son Byeng Wha
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Four New Andrographolide Metabolites in Human Urine.
Authors: Cui Liang , Qiu Feng , Wang Naili , Yao Xinsheng
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxyguanidines. Part 2. Discovery of a Novel Orally Active Thrombin Inhibitor Through Structure‐Based Drug Design and Parallel Synthesis.
Authors: Lu Tianbao , et al. et al.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organometallic Complexes of Mercury
Authors: Kitching W. , Glenn M.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Samarium(II) Iodide Mediated Reductions — Influence of Various Additives.
Authors: Dahlen Anders , Hilmersson Goeran
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
State of the Art: Chemical Synthesis of Biophosphates and Their Analogues via PIII Derivatives
Authors: Michalski Jan , Dabkowski Wojciech
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of Kinetically Stabilized 1,3‐Diphosphacyclobutene Derivatives
Authors: Ito Shigekazu , Sugiyama Hiroki , Yoshifuji Masaaki
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hybrid Organic—Inorganic Materials Based on Organophosphorus Derivatives
Authors: Vioux Andre , Le Bideau Jean , Mutin P. Hubert , Leclercq Dominique
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Phosphorylated Hosts for the Design of New Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Dutasta Jean‐Pierre
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Elaborating Transition Interface Sampling Methods
Authors: van Erp Titus S. , Bolhuis Peter G.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sol—Gel Processing of Metal Compounds
Authors: Schubert U.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spectroscopic Study of Hydrogen Exchange Processes and Structure of Intermediate Complexes with Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Bureiko S. F. , Denisov G. S.
Published: November 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Parathyroid hormone–related protein expression is correlated with clinical course in patients with glial tumors
Authors: Pardo Francisco S. , Lien Winston W. , Fox Howard S. , Efird Jimmy T. , Aguilera Joseph A. , Burton Douglas W. , Deftos Leonard J.
Published: November 2004

BACKGROUND

Parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) expression modulates cell survival in a number of human solid tumors. Although PTHrP is expressed in normal developing and neoplastic central nervous system tissue, clinical data indicating the importance of this protein with respect to local control and/or survival in patients with glial tumors are scarce.

METHODS

Using a standard immunoperoxidase technique, the authors examined PTHrP expression in a population of 51 patients with Daumas–Duport Grade II–IV astrocytomas over a 15‐year period. Both local control and survival were calculated from the date of definitive irradiation to the last time of known follow‐up examination using the actuarial method. PTHrP expression was scored on examination under 40× magnification, with the incidence of cellular staining averaged over 10 high‐power fields. The intensity and extent of staining were characterized semiquantitatively using the standard World Health Organization classification criteria. The median follow‐up duration was approximately 5.5 years. Multivariate analyses were performed to ascertain the statistical significance of several standard clinicohistopatholgic factors (Karnofsky functional status, age, gender, extent of surgical resection, radiotherapy dose, grade, and PTHrP expression) with respect to local control and survival. P < 0.05 was considered indicative of statistical significance.

RESULTS

Patients with high levels of PTHrP expression had significantly lower glial tumor local control rates and corresponding decreases in progression‐free and overall actuarial survival after definitive irradiation (P < 0.01). In a Cox 3‐variable model, the PTHrP staining score was independent of tumor grade or Karnofsky functional status. It is notable that the strongest predictor of survival was tumor grade (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

PTHrP may be an important adjunct to standard immunopathologic criteria in the determination of glial tumor responses. A number of mechanisms were explored to derive a more mechanistic understanding of these translational results. Subsequent prospective studies involving larger patient populations will be necessary before findings can be translated to clinical practice. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Thermoacidophilic Microorganisms and their Novel Biocatalysts
Authors: Bertoldo C. , Dock C. , Antranikian G.
Published: November 2004

Thermophilic acidophiles are microorganisms that are able to grow in pH and temperature ranges of 0.0–4.0 and 55–95 °C, respectively. Most of these microorganisms, which usually live in solfataric fields, belong to the archaea and include the genera Acidianus, Desulfurolobus, Metallosphaera, Stygiolobus, Sulfolobus, Sulfurisphaera, Sulfurococcus, Thermoplasma and Picrophilus. The sequencing of five complete genomes of thermoacidophilic organisms has allowed more detailed investigation regarding the evolution of organisms sharing extreme growth conditions of a unique niche, especially with respect to horizontal gene transfer. From such novel microorganisms, robust enzymes with potential biotechnological applications can be isolated. Enzymes that are optimally active at high temperature and extremely low pH are very rare and most of them are extracellular and involved in polymer degradation. Heat and acid stable α‐amylase, cyclomaltodextrinase (neopullulanase), maltose binding protein and endoglucanase have been purified and characterized from the thermoacidophilic bacterium Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius. Archaeal glycosyl hydrolases have been characterized from Picrophilus torridus, Picrophilus oshima, Thermoplasma acidophilum and Sulfolobus solfataricus. Biotransformation reactions can be performed even at pH close to zero and temperatures of 100 °C.
Cloning of D‐specific Hydantoin Utilization Genes from Arthrobacter crystallopoietes
Authors: Werner M. , Las Heras Vazques F.J. , Fritz C. , Vielhauer O. , Siemann‐Herzberg M. , Altenbuchner J. , Syldatk C.
Published: November 2004

Arthrobacter crystallopoietes produces a D‐specific hydantoinase and D‐N‐carbamoylase useful for the industrial production of enantiomerically pure D‐amino acids. The D‐hydantoinase was purified by conventional chromatographic methods. The enzyme was digested by trypsine and some of the oligopeptides sequenced. The amino acid sequence information was used to isolate a DNA fragment of the corresponding gene. By several steps of inverse PCR a region of 6011 bp was obtained from the A. crystallopoietes genome surrounding the hydantoinase gene fragment. DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of a D‐hydantoinase, the D‐N‐carbamoylase and a putative L‐N‐carbamoylase on the 6011 bp fragment. In addition, two incomplete open reading frames (ORFs) showed similarity to LacI type transcriptional regulators and transmembrane proteins responsible for the uptake of nucleosides and allantoin, respectively. The D‐hydantoinase gene and the D‐N‐carbamoylase gene were expressed in Escherichia coli and the enzyme activity was determined. From the putative L‐N‐carbamoylase gene, expressed in the same way in E. coli, only insoluble protein was obtained and no carbamoylase activity was detected.
D‐Amino Acid Tolerant Hosts for D‐Hydantoinase Whole Cell Biocatalysts
Authors: Turner R.J. , Aikens J. , Royer S. , DeFilippi L. , Yap A. , Holzle D. , Somers N. , Fotheringham I.G.
Published: November 2004

Whole cell biocatalysts which enable the concerted use of D‐hydantoinase, D‐carbamoylase, and racemase enzymes are valuable for the production of D‐amino acids. However, Escherichia coli host strains used for this purpose efficiently degrade D‐amino acids. This work demonstrates that D‐amino acid degradation occurs largely through the concerted action of D‐amino acid dehydrogenase, encoded by the dadA gene, and D‐serine dehydratase, encoded by the dsdA gene. Deletion mutants of E. coli which lack these activities were constructed and compared against wild type strains in D‐amino acid degradation. An E. coli dadA mutant reduced the degradation of D‐methionine by one third, D‐phenylalanine by two‐thirds, and D‐2‐aminobutyric acid nearly completely. Even though the dadA mutant had no effect on D‐serine degradation, a dadA dsdA double mutant of E. coli additionally reduced degradation of D‐serine, as well as D‐phenylalanine, almost entirely. These strains are appropriate hosts for whole cell biosynthesis of D‐amino acids using general approaches such as the hydantoinase system.
Sources of survey error: Implications for evaluation studies
Authors: Braverman Marc T.
Published: November 2004

Attention to multiple forms of error can improve the effectiveness of surveys in evaluation.
Applications of the Rasch model to evaluation of survey data quality
Authors: Green Kathy E.
Published: November 2004

Application of the Rasch model can improve our evaluation of survey data quality.
Auditing and evaluation: Bridging a gap, worlds to meet?
Authors: Leeuw Frans L.
Published: November 2004

This chapter describes differences and similarities between auditing and evaluation and their respective contributions to performance improvement.
A critical perspective on the use of templates as evaluation tools
Authors: Huberman Michael
Published: November 2004

This chapter considers the use of templates as a part of a new generation of program evaluation, but raises “nagging questions” underlying the use of templates in multiple contexts.
Using performance measurement to improve programs
Authors: Newcomer Kathryn E.
Published: November 2004

An unprecedented challenge to the evaluation profession has arisen from the increasing demand for documentation of results of public and nonprofit programs. The current status of performance measurement efforts is described in this chapter, and many challenges facing program managers and other users of performance data are identified.
Outcome measurement: Showing results in the nonprofit sector
Authors: Plantz Margaret C. , Greenway Martha Taylor , Hendricks Michael
Published: November 2004

Like their counterparts in the public sector, managers of nonprofit agencies are aggressively measuring the outcomes of their efforts. This chapter describes current activities in five important areas, offers thirty useful lessons, and discusses seven key challenges still to be overcome. These insights from the nonprofit sector are equally useful to persons working in other settings.
Standards and principles
Authors: Sanders James R.
Published: November 2004

The American Evaluation Association Guiding Principles and the Joint Committee Program Evaluation Standards have stated intentions that sound alike, but are they? This analysis leads to the conclusion that they are different in important ways.
An independent consultant's perspective on the Guiding Principles
Authors: Knott Tara D.
Published: November 2004

This chapter addresses the concerns that full‐time evaluators in private practice have about the uses and value of the American Evaluation Association Guiding Principles.
International perspectives on the Guiding Principles
Authors: Hendricks Michael , Conner Ross F.
Published: November 2004

A response to the American Evaluation Association Guiding Principles from the perspective of evaluators working in settings outside the United States is presented here.
Numerical analysis of deformed free surface under AC magnetic fields
Authors: Kohno Haruhiko , Tanahashi Takahiko
Published: November 2004

A novel numerical scheme for the analysis of large deformation of electrically conducting liquid under alternating current magnetic fields is presented. The main features are characterized by two numerical tools; the level set method to calculate deformed free surface stably and the hybrid finite element method and boundary element method to discretize the electromagnetic field efficiently. Two‐dimensional numerical simulation of conducting drop deformation is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present scheme, and the oscillatory behaviour, which depends on the magnitude of surface tension and Lorentz force, is investigated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finding good predictors for inflation: a Bayesian model averaging approach
Authors: Jacobson Tor , Karlsson Sune
Published: November 2004

We consider a Bayesian model averaging approach for the purpose of forecasting Swedish consumer price index inflation using a large set of potential indicators, comprising some 80 quarterly time series covering a wide spectrum of Swedish economic activity. The paper demonstrates how to efficiently and systematically evaluate (almost) all possible models that these indicators in combination can give rise to. The results, in terms of out‐of‐sample performance, suggest that Bayesian model averaging is a useful alternative to other forecasting procedures, in particular recognizing the flexibility by which new information can be incorporated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of human apolipoprotein(a) kringles in colon cancer cells suppresses angiogenesis‐dependent tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination
Authors: Yu Hyun‐Kyung , Ahn Jin‐Hyung , Lee Ho‐Jeong , Lee Suk‐Keun , Hong Soon‐Won , Yoon Yeup , Kim Jang‐Seong
Published: November 2004

Background

Anti‐angiogenesis therapy has been regarded as a promising treatment of cancer based on the fact that most tumors and their metastasis are angiogenesis‐dependent. Gene therapy can potentially expand the horizons of tumor angiogenesis therapy by virtue of its ability to produce high concentrations of therapeutic agents in a local area for a sustained period. The present study was performed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of gene therapy for the treatment of cancer and metastasis.

Methods

The murine colon carcinoma cell line CT26 was manipulated ex vivo to express an anti‐angiogenic molecule, LK68, consisting of human apolipoprotein(a) kringle domains, KIV9‐KIV10‐KV, using retrovirus‐mediated gene transfer. Its effects on colon tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated in experimental animal models established by injecting LK68‐expressing and control CT26 cells subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice, respectively.

Results

Expression of LK68 significantly suppressed colon tumor growth in mice, but did not influence the growth of tumor cells in vitro. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues revealed a significant reduction in microvessel density in LK68‐expressing tumors. Thus, the suppression of tumor growth appears to result mainly from inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. This decrease in vessel density is correlated with a notable increase in tumor cell apoptosis in vivo, but has no influence on proliferation. Moreover, expression of LK68 prevents peritoneal dissemination, and consequently improves overall host survival.

Conclusions

These results collectively indicate that a gene therapy strategy using LK68 cDNA is useful for the treatment for both colon tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineered Streptomyces quorum‐sensing components enable inducible siRNA‐mediated translation control in mammalian cells and adjustable transcription control in mice
Authors: Weber Wilfried , Malphettes Laetitia , de Jesus Maria , Schoenmakers Ronald , El‐Baba Marie Daoud , Spielmann Manuela , Keller Bettina , Weber Cornelia C. , van de Wetering Petra , Aubel Dominique , Wurm Florian M. , Fussenegger Martin
Published: November 2004

Background

Recent advances in functional genomics, gene therapy, tissue engineering, drug discovery and biopharmaceuticals production have been fostered by precise small‐molecule‐mediated fine‐tuning of desired transgenes.

Methods

Capitalizing on well‐evolved quorum‐sensing regulatory networks in Streptomyces coelicolor we have designed a mammalian regulation system inducible by the non‐toxic butyrolactone SCB1. Fusion of the S. coelicolor SCB1 quorum‐sensing receptor ScbR to the human Kox‐1‐derived transsilencing domain reconstituted a mammalian transsilencer (SCS) able to repress transcription from SCS‐specific operator‐containing promoters in a reverse SCB1‐adjustable manner.

Results

This quorum‐sensing‐derived mammalian transgene control system (Q‐ON) enabled precise SCB1‐specific fine‐tuning of (i) desired transgene transcription in a variety of mammalian/human cell lines and human primary cells, (ii) small interfering RNA‐mediated posttranscriptional knockdown (siRNA) in mammalian cells, and (iii) dosing of a human glycoprotein in mice.

Conclusions

As exemplified by Q‐ON technology, bacterial quorum‐sensing regulons may represent a near‐infinite source for the design of mammalian gene control systems compatible with molecular interventions relevant to future gene therapy and tissue engineering scenarios. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilot association study of the β‐glucocerebrosidase N370S allele and Parkinson's disease in subjects of Jewish ethnicity
Authors: Clark Lorraine N. , Nicolai Angelique , Afridi Shehla , Harris Juliette , Mejia‐Santana Helen , Strug Lisa , Cote Lucien J. , Louis Elan D. , Andrews Howard , Waters Cheryl , Ford Blair , Frucht Steven , Fahn Stanley , Mayeux Richard , Ottman Ruth , Marder K.
Published: November 2004

Mutations in the β‐glucocerebrosidase gene cause Gaucher's disease, one of the most common lysosomal lipid storage diseases in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. The occurrence of parkinsonism in patients with Type 1 Gaucher's disease has been noted previously. In this pilot study, we evaluated a possible association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and the β‐glucocerebrosidase gene N370S allele (nt.1226 A>G) in 160 Parkinson's disease patients and 92 controls of Jewish ethnicity. We observed a higher frequency of the N370S genotype in PD cases (NS and SS, 10.7%) compared to controls (NS and SS 4.3%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 3.4, P = 0.2). A total of 17 PD cases carry the N370S allele, including 2 homozygotes and 15 heterozygotes. The N370S allele (nt.1226 A>G) may be associated with PD in patients of Jewish ethnicity and should be examined in a larger study. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Lymphoma and peripheral neuropathy: A clinical review
Authors: Kelly John J. , Karcher Donald S.
Published: November 2004

Lymphoma occasionally affects the peripheral nervous system. When it does, the diagnosis can be elusive since many patients present without known lymphoma. Most peripheral nerve complications are due to non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), which infiltrates nerves causing axonal damage. This disorder can affect nerve roots and cranial nerves, often associated with lymphomatous meningitis. NHL may also infiltrate peripheral nerves and cause plexopathy, mononeuropathy, or generalized neuropathy. These neuropathies may resemble an asymmetric mononeuropathy multiplex or a generalized disorder such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. When NHL infiltrates diffusely, the term neurolymphomatosis is used. Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), by contrast, rarely infiltrates nerves. More often, HL causes immunological disorders of the peripheral nervous system such as inflammatory plexopathy or Guillain–Barré syndrome. Other rare lymphomas such as intravascular lymphoma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia can also affect peripheral nerves in specific ways. In addition, other malignant and nonmalignant lymphoproliferative disorders enter into the differential diagnosis of lymphomatous neuropathy. This review discusses the multiple peripheral nerve presentations of lymphoma from the clinician's point of view and provides a guide to the evaluation and diagnosis of these uncommon, challenging disorders. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Currents: Articles in Brief
Authors: Green Rachael
Published: November 2004

Flexibility in the Workplace Is an Increasing Concern—Employees Cite Flex Time and Lifestyle Issues as More Important than Money

Leading Laterally in Company Outsourcing

HR Online

The Art and Skill of Delegating

No Web For You!

Dynamic From a Distance: Moving From Isolation to Interaction to Incredible—Online

HR's Role in Mergers and Acquisitions