bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Citizen Participation in Smart Sustainable Cities
Authors: Seçkiner Bingöl Ezgi
Published: December 2021

Citizen participation and sustainability are two main concepts used in the definitions in the smart city literature. Citizen participation is often used within the context of improving good governance in smart cities. Its relationship with sustainability is seldomly discussed. This study analyses the relationship between the concepts of smart city, smart sustainable city, and citizen participation, and discusses how citizen participation is shaped in smart sustainable cities. In light of this analysis, seven types of citizen participation mechanisms are studied. The findings of the study reveal that sustainability in smart cities is only considered within the framework of environmental matters, while citizen participation is only considered as a mechanism aimed at supporting good governance. The study recommends using these participation mechanisms to highlight other aspects of sustainability such as securing comprehensiveness, alleviating poverty, promoting gender equality and to focus on other aspects of citizen participation such as real participation and democratic effectiveness.
Student Acceptance of a Civic Engagement Graduation Requirement in an Urban Community College
Authors: Chapman Christopher
Published: December 2021

Civic engagement is an essential part of a democratic society, though it has recently tended toward adversarial political conflict. Although many college administrators favor encouraging or requiring student civic engagement, little is known about whether students themselves would support this, and how student characteristics are related to acceptance. Past and present civic activities of 2,327 students at a large, very diverse urban community college were surveyed using the newly developed KCC Civic Engagement Scale. Results showed strong agreement that the college had a responsibility to develop civically engaged students, but that the term “civic engagement” is unclear to many. Principal components analysis revealed four distinct factors: general non-political civic engagement, and low-effort, high-effort, and unconventional political activities. Level of student participation in various activities is primarily determined by a student's time availability and secondarily by a complex assortment of personal characteristics, including residency status.
Enhancing E-Participation in Urban Planning Competitions
Authors: Nummi Pilvi , Eräranta Susa , Kahila-Tani Maarit
Published: December 2021

Planning competitions are used as a way to determine alternatives and promote innovative solutions in the early phase of urban planning. However, the traditional jury-based evaluation process is encountering significant opposition, as it does not consider the views of local residents. This chapter describes how web-based public participation tools are utilized in urban planning competitions to register public opinion alongside the expert view given by the jury. The research focus of this chapter is on studying how public participation can be arranged in competition processes, how the contestants use the information produced, and how it has been utilized in further planning of the area. Based on two Finnish case studies, this study indicates that web-based tools can augment public participation in the competition process. However, the results indicate that the impact of participation on selecting the winner is weak. Instead, in further planning of the area, the public opinions are valuable.
Citizen Involvement in Public Services Design
Authors: Opromolla Antonio , Volpi Valentina , Pollini Alessandro , Verioli Alice , Mesenzani Maurizio , Medaglia Carlo Maria
Published: December 2021

In the last years new relational systems between citizens and Institutions have been arising. One of the main effects of such transformation is an increasing citizen engagement in designing public services. The motivations, modes, and effects concerning this practice are relevant research topics addressing political, social, and economic issues. In this paper the authors present the SPAC3 project, as it involved the citizens in the design process. The project aims to allow families of the Municipality of Bergamo (Italy) to access services and information dedicated to them in a more effective way. Here, the authors will focus on the analysis carried out in the project, by pointing out the methodology and the main achieved outcomes, and the features of the identified solution. In the end, the SPAC3 project has been a good opportunity to think about the complex relationship between citizens and Institutions in order to strengthen it.
Using Game-Based Learning to Improve Boys' Literacy
Authors: Marshall Minda M. B. , Marshall Marinda
Published: December 2021

This chapter foregrounds an online gamified visual intelligence innovation (eyebraingym) developed to enhance visual processing skills, improve memory and vocabulary, and increase reading fluency. The explicit aim of the innovation is to improve comprehension towards visual intelligence. Ninety-eight Grade 8 learners at a South African Boy's School completed their online development during the 2021 academic year. These learners were part of a group of students participating in a whole school reading and literacy intervention program. The innovation is an integral part of this ongoing project. Their interaction with the innovation consists of 15 sessions completed once or twice a week for 20 – 40 minutes over five months. The results of the project are positive. It shows that most participating students improved their perceptual development and reading speed (VPF) and cognitive development and comprehension skills (CDF). In addition, these outcomes transferred to improved relative efficiency when working with information (AIUF).
Enhancing Literacy Skills Using Indigenous Games
Authors: Tshifhumulo Rendani , Tshikukuvhe Livhuwani Daphney , Ramatswi Talifhani Trevor
Published: December 2021

This chapter explores the possibility of enhancing literacy skills using indigenous games played by Vhavenda children at foundation phase. It critically analyses different types of Vhavenda games played by children which are ndode, mufuvha, muravharavha, and tsetsetse or trere-tsere to solicit the possibility to enhance literacy skills. Methodologically, this study aligns with the use of qualitative approach where researchers collected data using interviews and observations. The focus is on Vhavenda indigenous games that can be adopted by other cultures to enhance learning inside and outside the classroom environment. The results found that indigenous games develop several literacy skills inclusive of school, arithmetic, communication, cultural, emotional, and physical literacies which are very important for total development of children. Games are enjoyable and interesting and as such make learning fun.
GraphoGame
Authors: February Pamela Jennifer
Published: December 2021

This chapter investigates the effectiveness of a digital reading tool, called GraphoGame, that could be employed as one of the solutions to the poor reading results of learners that have been revealed in both national and international assessments in Namibia, specifically, and Sub-Saharan Africa in general. Following a research study, this chapter sets out to demonstrate that, through pre-and post-tests, GraphoGame Afrikaans improved the initial reading skills of Grade 1 learners. The results have implications for the utilization of computer-assisted tools to support reading acquisition in the lower grades. As GraphoGame employs a scaffolded approach by presenting learners with letters and words, it can be utilized to support learners individually in classes with large numbers, as is typical in Africa.
Educators as Facilitators of Game-Based Learning
Authors: Reuter Jessica , Ferreira Dias Marta , Amorim Marlene , Madaleno Mara , Veloso Claúdia
Published: December 2021

Innovative educational methods such as gamification are gaining ground in more formal environments and have great potential to improve learning in education. However, the implementation of this strategy in the classroom is assumed to be a complex practice for beginners and requires the development of new competencies by educators. This chapter aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge about the main competencies needed for educators to perform as facilitators of educational games. The study was developed through critical literature review, interviews, and questionnaires. The outcome is the development of a framework of competencies of an educator willing to use game-based learning. The study highlights the importance of institutional support to boost the development of pedagogical, technological, and social skills among educators. The conclusions of the chapter are valuable for educators aiming to adopt game-based learning and to higher education decision makers committed to expanding innovative learning contexts on their institutions.
Incorporating Digital Literacy Materials in Early Childhood Programs
Authors: Culatta Barbara Ellen , Setzer Lee Ann , Hall-Kenyon Kendra M.
Published: December 2021

Use of digital media in early childhood literacy programs offers significant opportunities for interaction, engagement, and meaningful practice of phonic skills—and also a few pitfalls. The purpose of this chapter is to review 1) considerations for use of digital media in early childhood settings, 2) selection of appropriate media to facilitate early literacy learning, and 3) inclusion of digital media as an integral component of early literacy instruction, rather than an add-on. With an emphasis on practical ideas and solutions for instructors, the authors draw on studies in which interactive, personalized ebooks and an early literacy learning app were used in conjunction with face-to-face, hands-on activities drawn from Project SEEL (Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy).
Fatores associados às internações de longa permanência em instituição hospitalar de alta complexidade
Authors: Silveria Hernandes Conceição Eliane , Rafaeli Candido Pedro Danielli , Maria Birolim Marcela , De Souza Cavalcante Pissinati Paloma , Aparecida Pimenta Ferrari Rosangela , Fernandez Lourenço Haddad Maria do Carmo , Oliveira Vannuchi Marli Terezinha
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados às internações hospitalares de longa permanência de pacientes atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde em instituição de alta complexidade. Método: estudo transversal quantitativo a partir de dados secundários de internações hospitalares de 2013 a 2015. Calculou-se a razão de prevalência por Regressão de Poisson bruta e ajustada. Resultados: das 12.689 internações nos anos de estudo, 645 foram de longa permanência (>30 dias), com uma prevalência de 5,1%. Predominaram entre o sexo masculino (62%), > 60 anos de idade (52,6%). As causas mais frequentes da hospitalização foram doenças do aparelho circulatório (33,5%) e causas externas (22,3%). O óbito ocorreu para 45,6%. Na análise bivariada, estiveram estatisticamente associadas às internações de longa permanência as variáveis:  sexo, idade (60 anos e mais) o baixo ou a não escolaridade dos indivíduos, ser da 17ª regional de saúde, ter sido internado na especialidade neurocirurgia e ter necessitado de internação em UTI. No entanto, permaneceram no modelo final sexo masculino, residir na regional de saúde do município em análise e ter necessitado de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. (p<0,001). Conclusão: Estratégias de promoção da saúde voltadas à saúde do homem devem ser desenvolvidas pelo município, especialmente considerando que os mesmos são os que mais perdem a vida pela ausência de cuidados com a saúde e em decorrência dos agravos resultantes de causas externas.
100 years of Insulin
Authors: Kahandawa Shyaminda
Published: December 2021

No abstract available
Better Anesthesia Technique
Authors: Haque Azizul , Kumar Tushar , Suman Saurabh , Hessa Chandan
Published: December 2021

Cochlear implants are expensive surgeries. It was expected that by the end of the year 2021 about 80,000 cochlear implants will be shipped worldwide. Alone in India 500 cochlear implants are placed in a year. Patients for these procedures are mostly young children with prelingual deafness. They often pose challenges like anxiety, post operative nausea and vomiting, haemorrhage and CSF leak or flap necrosis. Parent child separation is another concern in a deaf paediatric patient. A meticulous anaesthetic management provides comfortable induction and a stable intra operative hemodynamics to give favourable outcomes.
Diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and reasons for delayed treatment of cryptorchidism with torsion in children: a 16-year retrospective study in a large pediatric medical center
Authors: Yang Meng , Wen Sheng , Lin Tao , Liu Xing , Zhang De-Ying , Liu Feng , Wu Sheng-De , Wei Guang-Hui , He Pei-Ru , Hua Yi
Published: December 2021

We describe and summarize the diagnosis, treatment, and reasons for delayed treatment of children with cryptorchidism torsion in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The study included 19 cases of cryptorchidism torsion. The age of the children ranged from 16 days to 12 years (median: 6 years). The interval from diagnosis to surgery varied from 4 h to 16 days (median: 3 days). Ultrasound was performed in all cases. Fifteen cases had cryptorchidism torsion, 2 cases had a soft tissue mass in the inguinal region, and 2 cases had an inguinal/abdominal teratoma. Five cases were treated with an orchidopexy, 12 cases were treated with orchiectomy, and 2 cases received resection of a testicular tumor. The 5 children with an orchidopexy were followed up from 1 month to 7 years (median: 3 years), with 1 child having a testis retraction and no blood supply. Of the 12 children who had an orchiectomy, three had delayed diagnosis due to family unawareness of the condition, while other delays were due to delayed referral from primary care facilities. The relative rarity and insufficient awareness of cryptorchidism torsion resulted in a low rate of testicular salvage. Therefore, hospitals of all levels should be fully aware of cryptorchidism with torsion and ensure a male child's genital system and inguinal region are examined to improve the success rate of testicular salvage.
Downregulation of microRNA-520 in chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: Naguib Rehab M. , El-Rifaie Abd-El A. , Awad Manar A. , Rashed Laila A.
Published: December 2021

Background

Psoriasis is a chronic disease, in which genetic and environmental factors play an important role, but the exact cause is yet unknown. It includes inflammation and increased proliferation of skin cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, ∼22-nucleotide-long, noncoding gene-regulatory RNA molecules that inhibit gene expression through translational repression or mRNA turnover. MicroRNA-520 suppresses the mitotic entry and proliferation of keratinocytes.

Aim

This case–control study is to detect the expression of miRNA-520 in serum samples of diseased patients as compared with normal control persons to investigate the possible role of miRNA-520 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Patients and methods

This study included 30 psoriatic patients and 30 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. Peripheral blood samples for serum miRNA-520 were taken. Blood samples were centrifuged and the serum was stored at 80°C and used for quantitative real-time PCR.

Results

The expression of miRNA-520 was significantly lower in psoriasis patients as compared with healthy controls.

Conclusion

MiRNA-520 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis; hence, it can be used as a biomarker to evaluate its progression and effect of therapeutic interventions.
Association of serum adiponectin, lipid profile, and food quality with acne vulgaris severity
Authors: Ismael Tozhar A. , Abdel-Aziz Abeer M. , Mansour Mostafa , Zohdy Marwa
Published: December 2021

Background

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by increased sebum production in response to androgens. Adiponectin is a protein expressed in human adipocytes that reduces tissue triglyceride (TG) content. A contradictory relationship was detected between lipid profile and AV. Moreover, dietary glycemic index and glycemic load have been shown to be inversely associated with adiponectin concentrations.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the relationship between blood lipid profile, serum adiponectin, and quality of food in adolescent patients with AV and its correlation with AV severity.

Patients and methods

A total of 45 Egyptian adolescent male and female patients with AV were recruited from the Outpatient Clinics of Dermatology of Mansoura University Hospitals (with mean age 19.9 years); moreover, 35 apparently healthy individuals of matched age, sex, and BMI were selected as a control group. Serum adiponectin, total cholesterol (TC), TGs, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were assessed by appropriate kits.

Results

TC, TG, and LDL were significantly higher and HDL was significantly lower in AV cases when compared with control groups. AV cases showed significantly higher adiponectin concentration when compared with the control group. Adiponectin showed significant positive correlations with female sex, disease grade, TC, LDL, dairy+hyperglycemic food, hyperglycemic+fatty food, and dairy+hyperglycemic+fatty food and a significant negative correlation with HDL. Smoking, dairy+hyperglycemic food, hyperglycemic+fatty food, dairy+hyperglycemic+fatty food, high TC, LDL, and adiponectin were significantly associated with more severe AV.

Conclusion

Adiponectin and quality of food may play a role in the pathogenesis of AV and may affect its severity.
Perforating folliculitis in Down’s syndrome − a rare case report
Authors: Rajan Aswath , Pai Varadraj Vasant , Shukla Pankaj
Published: December 2021

Perforating folliculitis is a primary perforating disorder, characterized by the phenomenon of transepidermal elimination. It is associated with various disorders such as psoriasis, juvenile acanthosis nigricans, diabetic mellitus, renal failure, cardiac failure, and malignant neoplasia. Other primary perforating dermatoses are Kyrle’s disease, reactive perforating collagenosis, and elastosis perforans serpiginosa. Among the association of perforating dermatoses with genetic diseases like Down’s syndrome, elastosis perforans serpiginosa and very rarely reactive perforating collagenosis have been reported. We report the first case of an 11-year-old boy who is a known case of Down syndrome presented with perforating folliculitis.
Rehabilitation of Spontaneous Muscle Ruptures in a Healthy Young Goalkeeper
Authors: Ferreira Eduardo Freitas , Portugal Diogo , Silva Nuno , Peixoto Catarina , Ladeira André , Matos Catarina , Prates Leonor
Published: December 2021

Spontaneous muscle ruptures in young adults without previous diseases or risk factors are extremely rare. No previous reports describing simultaneous spontaneous ruptures of multiple muscles in the healthy young adult have been published, emphasizing the lack of protocolized rehabilitation programs. In this article, the authors report a case of simultaneous spontaneous multiple muscle tears in a healthy goalkeeper, proposing a rehabilitation approach. A 19-year-old male goalkeeper presented to the emergency department with intense acute low back pain initiated spontaneously after raising from bed and originating gait difficulties. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated muscle ruptures in the left iliacus, piriformis, and paravertebral. Investigation for systemic causes of muscle tears was negative. The patient pursued a customized and phased rehabilitation program for a total of 6 months. In the re-evaluation at the end of the rehabilitation program, the patient presented no pain, had full range of motion and full muscle strength, and presented great stability and coordination. He was referred to sports medicine to pursue reintegration as a goalkeeper with functional sports-specific training. Although no cause for the ruptures was identified, the patients' sports-related activity may lead to microtear formation and trigger spontaneous tears. Thus, sports biomechanics may explain the underlying pathogenesis of these injuries. This case also highlights that an individualized rehabilitation program optimizes activity, participation, and professional reintegration.
Discontinuous solutions of $U_t + H(U_x) = 0$ versus measure-valued solutions of $u_t + [H(u)]_x = 0$
Authors: Tesei Alberto
Published: December 2021

Let

H

be a bounded Lipschitz continuous function. We discuss some recent results concerning discontinuous viscosity solutions of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation

U_t + H(U_x) = 0

0, signed Radon measure-valued entropy solutions of the conservation law

u_t + [H(u)]_x = 0

, and their connection.
On a class of Fokker–Planck equations with subcritical confinement
Authors: Toscani Giuseppe , Zanella Mattia
Published: December 2021

We study the relaxation to equilibrium for a class of linear one-dimensional Fokker–Planck equations characterized by a particular subcritical confinement potential. An interesting feature of this class of Fokker–Planck equations is that, for any given probability density

e(x)

, the diffusion coefficient can be built to have

e(x)

as steady state. This representation of the equilibrium density can be fruitfully used to obtain one-dimensional Wirtinger-type inequalities and to recover, for a sufficiently regular density

e(x)

, a polynomial rate of convergence to equilibrium. Numerical results then confirm the theoretical analysis, and allow to conjecture that convergence to equilibrium with positive rate still holds for steady states characterized by a very slow polynomial decay at infinity.
Counting rational points on elliptic curves with a rational 2-torsion point
Authors: Naccarato Francesco
Published: December 2021

Let

E/\mathbb{Q}

be an elliptic curve over the rational numbers. It is known, by the work of Bombieri and Zannier, that if

E

has full rational 2-torsion, the number

N_E(B)

of rational points with Weil height bounded by

B

is

\operatorname{exp}\big(O \big(\frac{\operatorname{log}B}{\sqrt{\operatorname{log}\operatorname{log} B}}\big)\big)

. In this paper we exploit the method of descent via 2-isogeny to extend this result to elliptic curves with just one nontrivial rational 2-torsion point. Moreover, we make use of a result of Petsche to derive the stronger upper bound

N_E(B) = \operatorname{exp}\big(O \big(\frac{\operatorname{log}B}{\sqrt{\operatorname{log}\operatorname{log} B}}\big)\big)

for these curves and to remove a deep transcendence theory ingredient from the proof.
Occupational exposure influences control of disease in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Dietz de Loos D.A.E. , Ronsmans S. , Cornet M.E. , Hellings P.W. , Hox V. , Fokkens W.J. , Reitsma S.
Published: December 2021

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a frequent condition that is treated by endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) when medical treatment fails. Irritating or sensitizing airborne agents can contribute to uncontrolled CRS. A prior study showed a linear correlation between occupational exposure and the number of ESS. Methods: In this cross-sectional study we tested the hypothesis that occupational exposure is a risk for undergoing ESS. We sent questionnaires enquiring occupational exposure in patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). An expert assessed blindly the reported work exposures to inhaled agents. The relationship between occupational exposure on undergoing ESS was analysed. Results: Among all patients who underwent ESS (n=343), 30% reported a relevant occupational exposure, which is significantly higher than the 4.8% found among CRS patients that underwent no prior sinus surgery (n=21). Besides occupational exposure, self-reported doctor-diagnosed asthma were independent variables contributing to the chance of undergoing ESS. Conclusion: In our study we confirm occupational exposure as a risk factor for uncontrolled CRS, if defined by undergoing ESS. In CRS patients with uncontrolled symptoms, despite maximal conservative therapy, the clinician should explore the possible contribution of occupational exposure.
Endoscopic sinus surgery improves Eustachian tube function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a multicenter prospective study
Authors: Chen X. , Dang H. , Chen Q. , Chen Z. , Ma Y. , Liu X. , Lin P. , Zou H. , Xiong H.
Published: December 2021

Background: Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often have Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) symptoms. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on improvement of Eustachian tube function in CRS patients with ETD from a Chinese population and determine factors associated with improvement. Methods: A prospective study was performed in CRS patients with ETD who underwent ESS from 3 tertiary medical centers in south China. The Eustachian tube Dysfunction Questionnaire 7 (ETDQ-7), Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22), tympanograms, endoscopic findings and Valsalva maneuver were recorded and analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively at 8-12 weeks. Results: A total of 70 CRS patients with ETD were included in this study. The ETDQ-7 score and the ability of positive Valsalva maneuver in CRS patients were significantly improved postoperatively at 8-12 weeks. The number of patients with type A tympanogram was increased postoperatively. Reduced Eustachian tube mucosal inflammation was also observed postoperatively. In addition, ESS appeared to reverse slight tympanic membrane atelectasis after 8-12 weeks. Moreover, improvement in tympanogram was presented in more than half of CRS patients with concomitant otitis media with effusion postoperatively at 8-12 weeks. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed failure of normalization of ETDQ-7 postoperatively was associated with concomitant allergic rhinitis and higher preoperative SNOT-22 score. Conclusions: This study confirms Eustachian tube function is often improved after ESS in CRS patients with ETD. Concomitant allergic rhinitis and higher preoperative SNOT-22 score are associated with failure of normalization of ETD symptoms.
Visual Perception in Specific Learning Difficulties
Authors: Aral Neriman
Published: December 2021

From the moment the child is born, learning becomes meaningful and it is interpreted as a result of the experiences first in the family and then in school. However, it is sometimes not possible to talk about the fact that learning takes place in all children although the process has taken place in this direction. Sometimes the individual differences that exist in children and the inability to get the necessary support in structuring their learning experiences can be effective in the failure of learning, while sometimes the type of congenital difficulty can be effective. One of these types of difficulty is a specific learning difficulty. It is not always possible for children with specific learning difficulties to learn, even if they do not have any mental problems. In this case, many factors can be effective, especially the problems that children experience in their visual perception can become effective. Since visual perception is the processing of symbols received from the environment in the brain, the problem that may be experienced in this process can also make it difficult to learn this situation. In line with these considerations, it is aimed to focus on the importance of visual perception in specific learning difficulties.
Introducción a la publicación web de archivos TEI con CETEIcean
Authors: Calarco Gabriel , Riande Gimena del Río
Published: December 2021

Esta lección te enseña los pasos necesarios para publicar en línea un archivo de TEI usando CETEIcean
IMAGE CONVERSION OF ϭ- AND π-COMPONENTS OF RADIATION OF RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON AND METROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PHOTON FLUX IN THE SYNCHROTRON RADIATION OUTLET
Authors: Mazmanishvili A.S. , Moskalets N.V. , Shcherbakov A.A.
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the efficiency of the capture of a photon flux of the synchrotron radiation (SR) σ- and π-components by the optical window in the SR quantum extraction channel of the NESTOR generator. It also anal-yses the dependence between the capture quality and different radiation wavelengths. Consideration has been giv-en to the beam size effect on the shape and dimensions of the angular distribution of the photon flux. A model has been constructed to describe the optical imaging in the registration plane. Expressions are given for estimating the efficiency of the capture of SR quanta into the optical window of the extraction channel. The factors that exert influence on the efficiency of capturing through the window are analyzed. Examples of numerical calculations are provided for formation of the final SR spectral density of the 225 MeV relativistic electrons at the output of the optical channel. The dimensions of the optical window have been determined, which ensure the reliable registration of the total flux of SR quanta for the chosen spectral range of SR quanta wavelengths.
MODELS, METHODS, AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR CALCULATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PHYSICAL FACILITY URAGAN-2M
Authors: Martynov S.O. , Luchaninov O.O. , Lukyanova V.P. , Khazhmuradov M.A. , Prokhorets S.I.
Published: December 2021

Models, methods, and algorithms for three-dimensional modeling of the screw winding of the Uragan-2M torsa-tron are considered. The application of the method of kinematic modeling is substantiated as the most acceptable for obtaining solid-state and surface models of elements of a magnetic system. Methods for calculating the stresses and strains arising in the elements of the magnetic system of a screw winding under the influence of ponderomotive forces are presented, which makes it possible to determine the strength of the structural elements of the facility.
Conceitos e práticas pedagógicas dos professores unidocentes diante das dificudades de aprendizagem em matemática
Authors: De Oliveira Janíbia Fernanda Costa , Darsie Marta Maria Pontin
Published: December 2021

O artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar, resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Na investigação procuramos compreender quais são as concepções e as práticas docentes diante das dificuldades de aprendizagem em matemática de alunos dos 4os anos do Ensino Fundamental. Neste trabalho faremos um recorte de nosso estudo, divulgando apenas os resultados das concepções de professores referentes às dificuldades de aprendizagem e dificuldades de aprendizagem em matemática. A investigação foi desenvolvida em dois momentos: no primeiro fizemos um levantamento de pesquisas brasileiras que discutiam as dificuldades de aprendizagem em matemática com o propósito de conhecer o quê os autores dizem sobre o tema. Segundo, realizamos a pesquisa de campos, com seis professoras que lecionam matemática em turmas de 4° ano do ensino fundamental, em três escolas da rede estadual de Cuiabá – Mato Grosso. Em resposta a problemática de nosso estudo, concluímos que todos os sujeitos transitam, maior ou menor grau, entre duas perspectivas distintas de Educação Matemática. Assim, é possível dizer que para dois sujeitos há uma tendência à perspectiva contemporânea, enquanto outros, há uma convergência para a perspectiva tradicional. Quanto às suas práticas, encontramos uma forte tendência para as concepções tradicionais
THE WORKS OF SPIRIDON MIKHAILOV (YANDUSH) IN THE ASPECT OF SOME HISTORICAL ETHNOLOGY PROBLEMS
Authors: Rodionov Vitaliy G.
Published: December 2021

S.M. Mikhailov (Yandush) distinguished two ethnographic groups and two dialects of the Chuvash ethnos. The scientist attributed the population of Kozmodemyansky and the northern part of Yadrinsky uyezds to the upper (Virjal) Chuvash, and that of Tsivisky and Cheboksary uyezds of Kazan province – to the lower (Anatri) ones. Starting with the works of G.I. Komissarov, a third (middle-level) group began to be allocated from the lower group. According to the scientist, the Chuvash, being a separate community of Turkic-speaking peoples, used to live in Zakamye, where they had migrated from Siberia. He developed the Turkic-Bulgarian theory of the Chuvash language origin and the main ethnographic groups (middle lower and lower) of the Chuvash ethnos. He considered the upper dialect to be a mixed group, in whose culture, in addition to Turkic-Bulgar elements he found many elements of the Finno-Ugrians (the mountain Mari and the Mordvins-Erzya), and partly Kazan Tatars. Prior to annexation of the Chuvash Region to the Moscow state, two ethnographic groups of the mountain Chuvash functioned on the right bank of the Volga – the upper and the middle lower. After settling the southern steppe regions, in the process of cultural dialogue with the Mishar Tatars, a third ethnographic group was formed, known to the middle lower Chuvash as the khirti “steppe”. In Modern times, the geographical location of the ethnographic groups of the Chuvash ethnos contributed to penetration of the ideas of the European-Russian Enlightenment in the Chuvash Region (from the western territories to the eastern and southern ones). In the 1950s of the XX century the ideas of the Chuvash enlightenment were first formulated by S.M. Mikhailov, and later they began to spread in the academic circles of the entire Volga region. His works remain a valuable source for identifying the adaptive scheme of the ethnos, which the Chuvash built by localizing the “evil” principle outside of themselves, their society, ethnos.
PEOPLE ‘S COMMISSARIAT FOR EDUCATION OF THE CHUVASH ASSR IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1920s: LEGAL BASIS OF ACTIVITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Gasanova Maleka N. , Mineeva Elena K.
Published: December 2021

The article characterizes the statutory and regulatory enactments that determined the activities of the People’s Commissariat for Education of the Chuvash ASSR in the second half of the 1920s. The most important among them were the “General Regulations on the People’s Commissariats of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic” (November, 1925) and the “Regulations on the People’s Commissariat for Education of the Chuvash ASSR” (May, 1929). The functions of the People’s Commissariat for Education are shown to include not only the problems of improving the state of affairs at all levels of education in the republic, but many issues related to the population’s social welfare, the development of science and culture as well.
The main attention in the article is focused on showing the structure of the People’s Commissariat for Education as a special body of state power, whereas previously the scientific literature mainly covered the specific results of the activities performed by the People’s Commissariat for Education, when it was mentioned mainly in connection with adoption of a certain resolution on public education. The article considers the matters of separate structural subdivisions of the People’s Commissariat for Education of the Chuvash ASSR, including the organizational and planning part, the Academic Center, the supervisors. On the basis of documents from the funds of the State Historical Archive of the Chuvash Republic which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, general trends of changes in the organizational structure of the People’s Commissariat for Education in the second half of the 1920s are traced. It is concluded that there were significant problems with personnel replacement of full-time positions in the period under review, which was mainly explained by two reasons: low wages and a general shortage of qualified workers in the necessary areas of work. The personnel problem negatively affected implementation of tasks faced by the People’s Commissariat for Education.
THE SYSTEM OF TRAINING HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL STAFF AT THE TURN OF THE XIX–XX CENTURIES
Authors: Zakharchenko Olga V.
Published: December 2021

Preparation of undergraduates and privat-docents for professorship in the late XIX – early XX century is considered on the example of Moscow University through the prism of the biography of a historian and a jurist Sergei Andreevich Kotlyarevsky. The uniqueness of his example lies in the fact that he defended four dissertations: master’s and doctoral dissertations on foreign history and master’s and doctoral dissertations on public law. This demonstrates some individualism of the trajectory showing his professional development and formation as a scientist and a teacher.
The research perspective includes the process of young scientists’ formation from the moment of continuing working at the university’s profile department to prepare a dissertation up to obtaining the degree. Attention is paid to socio-political circumstances and conditions affecting the possibility of becoming a professional scientist and teacher. Both formal and special features of the training scientific and teaching staff inherent in a particular scientific community are noted.
The professional development of future scientists and teachers of higher education was associated with active preparation for the defense of the master’s exam, the first teaching experience, scientific and research work. The best graduates were left at the departments with the support of leading university professors who saw new forces and future professionals in them. However, the personal contribution of the applicants themselves was important, since they were required to reveal their intellectual potential, pedagogical and research skills. At this, an important aspect was the opportunity to go on foreign business trips, in which not only the material of scientific research was collected, but knowledge was enriched as well, including getting to know the peculiarities of teaching in European countries and their socio-political life. The preparation process was completed with the public defense of the master’s dissertation and awarding a master’s degree. At the same time, the path to the teaching environment began, which required further disclosure of scientific potential and the defense of a doctoral dissertation in order to obtain a professorship.
EXPERT COMMUNITY’S OPINION ON SOME PROBLEMS OF NATIONAL POLICY IN CHUVASHIA
Authors: Boyko Ivan I. , Karpov Aleksey V. , Karpova Olga V.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the views of 30 experts on a number of national policy problems in the Chuvash Republic. According to experts, friendly, conflict-free interethnic and interconfessional relations prevail in Chuvashia, rare cases of negative interethnic contacts are characteristic of everyday situations, most often related to the use of native languages. The possibility of interethnic conflicts is considered as unlikely. They may be associated with potentially ill-conceived actions in the sphere of linguistic and other ethno-cultural interests of representatives of individual peoples. According to experts, preservation and improvement of good-neighborly relations between representatives of certain ethnic groups are greatly influenced by the verified national policy and successful economic development of the republic. Some experts support the opinion which prevails among the republic population on the negative impact of labor migrants on the labor market opportunities for the old-age population, although statistics data do not confirm such attitudes. From experts’ viewpoint, successful implementation of national policy in the republic could be facilitated by organization of a special state management structure (ministry, committee), active involvement of enthusiasts in national cultural associations in various management issues, regular ethnological monitoring, dissemination of positive practices in the field of interethnic relations, etc. In general, experts believe that there is no noticeable influence of the ethnic factor on real politics in Chuvashia.
DEVELOPMENT OF MARTIAL ARTS IN CHUVASHIA IN 1991–2000: INFORMATION POTENTIAL OF ARCHIVAL SOURCES
Authors: Matyushin Petr N. , Petrov Sergey V. , Shirokov Oleg N.
Published: December 2021

To date, the general development of the historiography describing the development of martial arts domestic system is determined by the presence of disputes among specialists about the content of the main stages in this process. The least developed in the scientific aspect is the analysis of the documentary funds of central and regional authorities in the field of physical culture and sports, as well as public associations and associations of martial arts, which would make it possible to determine the features of evolvement, as well as the prospects for the development of specific schools and federations in various regions of our country.
The article considers the features of the content of the documentary funds of the Ministry of Physical Culture and Sports of the Chuvash Republic and the Chuvash Republican Association of Martial Arts, stored in the funds of the Budgetary Institution “State Archive of Modern History” of the Chuvash Republic for the period from 1990 to 2000. The information potential of these funds is analyzed when covering the process of formation and development of the martial arts system in Chuvashia from 1990 to 2000. The specifics of the documents’ content of the regional profile ministry and the public organization, whose activities during the period under review were associated with the development of types of martial arts, were determined.
Historical information about the development of martial arts in Chuvashia in the 1990s in archival sources is very diverse and has a different level of informative value. Presentation of both official documents and internal documentation of individual public organizations and associations in the field of martial arts development in the republic currently requires systematization and analysis of statistical material on the number and quality of sports sections and associations that engaged in martial arts in the 1990s, their personal composition, participants, some of whom became champions of Russia, Europe and the world.
ACTIVITIES OF THE RSFSR NARKOMNATS (PEOPLE’S COMMISSARIAT OF NATIONALITIES) ON CREATION OF NATIONAL AUTONOMIES
Authors: Mineeva Elena K. , Zykina Alevtina P.
Published: December 2021

The national question was one of the most painful in the multi-ethnic Russian Empire, it sounded especially acute at the beginning of the XX century. In order to attract representatives of different ethnic groups to its side, the new Soviet state pursued a purposeful policy of implementing national-state construction. It should be emphasized that in the historical realities of 1918-1920s such a solution to the national question, which was implemented by the Soviet government, was unique. In no other country in the world at such a level (granting nations the right for self-determination up to separation and formation of their own state), the issue has not been raised or resolved. That is why the Bolsheviks did not have the opportunity to adopt anyone’s experience in this area, which should be attributed to one of the objective reasons for the mistakes made by Moscow in implementing this process. The article is devoted to the study of the experience in national-state building in the RSFSR, which was conducted under the leadership of the People’s Commissariat for Nationalities. The current work on preparing conditions to form autonomies in specific regions of the country (strengthening the Soviet authorities, conducting the policy of education and indigenization, publishing textbooks and organizing education in schools in national languages, etc.) was implemented by special not only functional, but also territorial Narkomnats departments such as, for example, Chuvash, Mari, Votsky ones, etc. Based on the analysis of materials from archival funds and generalization of research literature, the article shows the role of Narkomnats and its national departments in creating national-territorial autonomies in the RSFSR. In the opinion of the authors, it is necessary to continue the work on further studying the history of establishing individual autonomous associations that have not received proper coverage in the historiography of the problem to date. These, for example, include the autonomy of the Crimea and the Volga Germans. In this article, the authors dwell in more detail upon the activities of the Chuvash Department of Narkomnats, the choice of which is due to several reasons. Firstly, the work experience of this department turned out to be quite successful (it was established in May 1918, abolished after autonomy proclamation in June 1920), since in a relatively short period of time it was able to prepare the necessary prerequisites for autonomy establishment. Secondly, in 2020, the Chuvash people celebrated the 100th anniversary of statehood, in connection with which the interest in this page of the history of Chuvashia began to attract the attention of modern scientists again. The study makes no claims to be exhaustive, but makes a certain contribution to the coverage of the issue.
Mortal Man: A Book Review About The Inner Thoughts Of Kendrick Lamar Through His Rap Lyrics
Authors: Jackson Leonard
Published: December 2021

Are you a music lover? A fan of hip hop? Do you enjoy wordplay? If so, this book might interest music and hip-hop fans alike! Lewis shares exciting insight about a modern hip-hop star. Although the times have changed, the definition of perseverance and determination remains the same. Lewis explores the ups and downs of life and fame associated with Kendrick Lamar's rise to fame in the hip-hop world. The story centralizes a young kid from Compton, California, named Lamar, who becomes aware of his influences upon his generation. Lamar wants to become successful and does what he can to ensure he takes care of himself and his community. Promise That You Will Sing About Me: The Power and Poetry of Kendrick Lamar examines the life and words of Lamar. Lamar is known as a prominent rapper of his generation. In addition, he uses his words as a weapon to combat his circumstances.
RNAs and extracellular vesicles - Keeping up the appearances
Authors: Mosbach Marie , Pogge von Strandmann Elke , Preußer Christian
Published: December 2021

Since the advent of extracellular vesicle (EV) research in the last decade, these particles have been associated with RNAs. Traded as promising new biomarkers, RNA transport vehicles, or ultimately as potential therapeutic RNA delivery vehicles. However, this view is currently undergoing a change in which RNA may no longer be a major component of EVs. In this short opinion paper, we would like to encourage a reconsideration of our view on EVs and RNAs and open it up to new thoughts.
Extracellular vesicle therapeutics: the issue of one size fits all
Authors: Akbar Naveed
Published: December 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are mediators of intercellular communication locally in tissue microenvironments and enable distal across organ communication between cells of the same origin and those from different sources. EV surface proteins and lipids enable interaction with particular cells, whereas their internal payload of RNA, transcription factors, DNA, enzymes and metabolites functionally alters recipient cells. EV-interactions and uptake induce changes in cellular proliferation, differentiation, cell movement, as well as transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. These unique properties of EV poise them as attractive therapeutics in a broad range of pathologies, but questions remain in translating EV discoveries to effective therapies. Here, I briefly discuss the need for more stringent considerations for EV-therapeutic effects with a focus on EV biodistribution profiles in appropriate disease models and routes of EV administration with a particular focus on the vasculature.