bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Neurotrophic Keratopathy Associated with Central Nervous System Injury Using Cenegermin: A Case Series
Authors: Yu Mingyi , Li Fei , Lu Xiaoxiao , Zhao Shaozhen
Published: November 2022

Background: Neurotrophic Keratopathy (NK) is an orphan disease caused by reduction or absence of corneal innervation. Among the numerous etiologies of NK, central nervous system injuries affecting normal trigeminal nerve function is especially rare and serious, making the management of thses cases very challenging. Cenegermin (Oxervate, Dompè Farmaceutici, Milan, Italy) is a new recombinant human nerve growth factor approved for the treatment of stage 2 or 3 NK. Here, we describe the long-term outcome of NK patients associated with central nervous system injury treated with cenegermin. Method: Retrospective, consecutive, observational case series study. Describe and compare three cases of neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) arisng after central nervous system injury in different regions and treated with cenegermin eye drops. Restoration of corneal epithelial defects, corneal sensation and reinnervation evaluated by IVCM were documented in this study. Results: After 1 to 2 course of cenegermin therapy, a successful epithelial restoration and an increase in corneal sensation were achieved in all patients. Regeneration of subbasal nerve plexus was maintained during and after 1 year of cenegermin therapy, demonstrated by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). One patient underwent conjunctival flap surgery 12 months after cenegermin treatment due to recurrence of NK. Conclusion: Neurotrophic keratitis secondary to central nervous system injury deserves much more recognition and cenegermin represent valuable in the management of NK, especially in terms of subbasal corneal nerve regeneration.
Neurotypicals with Higher Autistic Traits have Delayed Visual Processing of an Approaching Life-size Avatar’s gait: An Event-Related Potentials Study
Authors: Inokuchi Ryo , Ichikawa Hiroko , Yamamoto Masataka , Takemura Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

We investigated the association between autistic traits in neurotypical adults and the visual processing of an approaching life-size avatar’s gait. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder and is reported to be related to difficulties in visual processing of human motion, such as biological motion and gestures. It has been reported that neurotypical adults with higher autistic traits were clumsier than those with lower autistic traits when passing by others. To clarify such atypical visual motion processing along with higher autistic traits in daily life, we analyzed the Subthreshold Autistism Trait Questionanaire (SATQ) score, a 24-item self-reported scale of ASD and event-related potentials (ERPs), for 26 neurotypical adults, in response to walking motion while passing the avatar. Videos of a walking life-sized virtual avatar approaching and retreating were presented as visual stimuli. The association between participants' scores of autistic traits and the latencies and amplitudes of ERPs was examined. ERP components (N170 and P200) were identified in the occipito-temporal region. As a result, adults with higher autistic traits had longer latencies and smaller amplitudes of P200 for the approaching avatar in the occipito-temporal region than those with lower autistic traits. These findings indicate that adults with higher autistic traits have delayed and less sensitive visual processing of the approaching avatar. It suggests that while passing by another person, these individulas have atypical visual processing of another person’s approach. This study may contribute to elucidating autistic traits from the perspective of visual processing in an environment mimicking daily life.
Particle-Environment Interactions In Arbitrary Dimensions: A Unifying Analytic Framework To Model Diffusion With Inert Spatial Heterogeneities
Authors: Sarvaharnan Seeralan , Giuggioli Luca
Published: November 2022

Interactions between moving entities and spatial disorder have a fundamental impact on
the transport properties of natural and artificial systems. The unprecedented resolution brought by modern technologies in particle or individual tracking and in recording of the spatial environment demand more advanced quantitative techniques to interpret how movement is affected by spatial heterogeneities. Here we tackle this challenge by developing a mathematical framework to model inert particle-environment interactions in domains of arbitrary shape and dimensions. By constructing a fully analytic formalism we predict how the spatio-temporal dynamics of randomly moving entities change in the presence of reflecting or partially reflecting obstacles, regions of increased or decreased diffusivity, one-way gates, open partitions, reversible traps as well as long range connections to far away areas. To demonstrate the vast applicability of our techniques we employ them to study three examples spanning different spatial and temporal scales in physiology, ecology and molecular biology.
Embryo growth alteration and oxidative stress responses in germinating Cucurbita pepo seeds exposed to cadmium and copper toxicity
Authors: ACILA SMAIL , Derouiche Samir , Allioui Nora
Published: November 2022

To assess the impact of heavy metals (cadmium, copper) on the germination, metabolism and growth of zucchini seedlings (Cucurbita pepo L.), a test was conducted 'in vitro' on the germination and growth of zucchini seedlings, subjected to two concentrations (100 and 200 μM) of CdCl2 and CuCl2. The germination parameters, as well as the biochemical and phytochemical properties of the embryonic axes of the seedlings, were studied. The obtained results showed that the seed vigor index (SVI) of zucchini seeds recorded a significant and remarkable decrease under the effect of Cd. A significant decrease was also noted in the length and the dry weight of the embryonic axes of the young seedlings, which differed according to the type of metal. No significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 content, or in catalase (CAT) activity were noted at the tested concentrations of the Cd and Cu salt, but very significant decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of embryonic axis tissues were observed. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity exhibited a significant increase at 200 μM CdCl2 whereas the glutathione (GSH) content decreased with increasing metal concentrations (Cd, Cu) of the medium. An increase in total phenol content and antioxidant activity was recorded at 200 μM of CuCl2. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that heavy metals (Cd, Cu) reduce the germination efficiency of zucchini seeds and cause metabolic alterations of embryonic tissue cells, and the response of zucchini seedlings to metal stress depends on the type of metal and its concentration.
Pressure dependence in aqueous-based electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Huang Liang , Gao Ge , Yang Chaobo , Li Xiao-Yan , Miao Rui Kai , Xue Yanrong , Xie Ke , Ou Pengfei , Yavuz Cafer , Han Yu , Magnotti Gaetano , Sinton David , Sargent Edward , Lu Xu
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) is an approach to closing the carbon cycle for chemical synthesis. To date, the field has focused on the electrolysis of ambient pressure CO2. However, industrial CO2 is pressurized – in capture, transport and storage – and is often in dissolved form. Here, we discover that pressurization up to 50 bar steers CO2R pathways toward formate, as universally exemplified on common CO2R catalysts. By developing operando methods compatible with high pressures, including quantitative operando Raman spectroscopy, we ascribe the pronounced formate selectivity to the higher CO2* coverages and lower hydronium ion concentrations on the cathode surface. The interplay of theory and experiments validates the mechanism, and guides us to functionalize the surface of a Cu cathode with a hydronium-repelling layer to further the pressure-mediated selectivity effect. This work illustrates the value of industrial CO2 sources as the starting feedstock for sustainable chemical synthesis.
Real-time finger motion recognition in free space via skin-compatible electronics
Authors: Cho Haein , Lee Inho , Jang Jingon , Kim Jae-hyun , Lee Hanbee , Park Sungjun , Wang Gunuk
Published: November 2022

Interpreting and tracking finger motion in free space are important for human communication in the reality–virtuality continuum. End-user form-factor-free sensors integrated with neuromorphic computing capabilities can expedite the implementation of human–machine interfaces with accurate finger motion recognition. We introduce and design an ultra-flexible TiO2 artificial synapse array and organic proximity sensor conformably attachable to the finger skin surface for real-time finger motion recognition in free space. Ultra-flexible synaptic device and sensor exhibit well-defined synaptic and light-responsive electrical properties, along with mechanical robustness, and the synapse–sensor integration enables optical–electrical signal conversion. Accordingly, various finger motions for time-resolved digit patterns following a Eulerian trail in free space can be learned and recognized with up to ~95 % accuracy for different individuals at varying strains and repeated cycles. Our proposal may contribute to the development of human–machine interaction wearables for extended reality.
KLF6 alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting autophagy
Authors: Zhang Shuijun , Li Jiye , Yu Dongsheng , He Chenhui , Yu Qi-Wen , Huo Zhong-Kun , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2022

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, a common clinical complication of liver transplantation, gravely affects patient prognosis. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of C2/H2 zinc finger DNA-binding proteins. KLF6, a member of the KLF family proteins, plays crucial roles in proliferation, metabolism, inflammation and injury responses; however, its role in HIR largely remains unclear. Herein, we found that KLF6 expression was significantly up-regulated in mice and hepatocytes after I/R injury. Subsequently, mice were subjected to I/R after tail vein injection of shKLF6- and KLF6-overexpressing adenovirus. KLF6 deficiency markedly aggravated liver damage and cell apoptosis along with the activation of hepatic inflammatory responses, whereas hepatic overexpression of KLF6 in mice showed opposite effects. Furthermore, we knocked out or overexpressed KLF6 in AML12 cells, and then exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation challenge. KLF6 knockout significantly reduced cell viability, and increased hepatocyte inflammation, apoptosis, and ROS, whereas overexpression of KLF6 showed the opposite effects. Mechanistically, KLF6 inhibited the overactivation of autophagy at the initial stage, and the regulatory effect of KLF6 on I/R injury was autophagy-dependent. CHIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed that KLF6 was bound to the promoter region of Beclin1 and inhibited its transcription. Moreover, KLF6 activated the mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Finally, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of liver transplantation patients and observed significant associations between KLF6 expression and liver function after liver transplantation. In summary, KLF6 inhibited the overactivation of autophagy by transcriptional regulation of Beclin1 and activation of the mTOR/ULK1 pathway, thereby playing a protective role against hepatic I/R injury. KLF6 is expected to serve as a biomarker to predict the severity of I/R injury after liver transplantation.
Characterization of temperature indices of silicates
Authors: Khan Abdul Rauf , Ghani Muhammad Usman , Ghaffar Abdul , Asif Hafiz Muhammad , Inc Mustafa
Published: November 2022

A topological index is a numerical value that describes the entire structure of a chemical compound’s molecular graph and aids in the understanding of its physical properties, chemical reactivities, and boiling activities. In chemical graph theory, these indices are instrumental in quantifying various chemical properties of chemical compounds such as SiO4. The selection of SiO4 in this work is an important aspect because of its structural flexibility, easy availability, and extraordinary nature to find its numerical values. In this paper, we compute systematically the first and second temperature, hyper temperature indices, the sum connectivity temperature index, the product connectivity temperature index, the reciprocal product connectivity temperature index, and the F temperature index of a molecular graph SiO4 embedded in a chain. All of the discussed interlinked networks in this manuscript are well motivated by the molecular structure of SiO4.
2020 AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C07, 05C09, 05C31, 05C76, 05C99
Integrative metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal the regulatory network of ginsenoside synthesis in ginseng
Authors: Wang Huaying , Zhou Xinteng , Fang Xiaoxue , Tian Yibo , Yu Mengfei , Xiao Hongxing
Published: November 2022

Background: Ginsenoside is a vital component of ginseng, which has value in many important medical areas. However, the metabolic kinetics and underlying regulatory networks that regulate ginsenoside synthesis remain largely unknown.
Results: In this study, ginsenoside-associated metabolism and transcriptome data from the roots, stems, and leaves of ginseng with different growth years (1-year-old, 3-year-old, 5-year-old, and 6-year-old) were used to explore the regulatory mechanism of ginsenoside synthesis. We found thatthe content of ginsenosides increased with growth years in root tissues and decreased in stems and leaves, and the content in leaves was always much higher than the contentin roots and stems. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in all groups were enriched primarily in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-plant, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Moreover, some genes involved in ginsenoside synthesis were identified as differential alternative splicing genes (DASGs) in differentginseng growth years. In addition, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to generate a coexpression network map that included a number of transcription factors (TFs) (such as WRKY, MYB, and ERF) and enzymes (such as UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase (HMGCR), and squalene epoxidase (SQE)) in the ginsenoside metabolism pathway.
Conclusions: These findings articulate the regulatory network of ginsenoside biosynthesis from the perspectives of the metabolome and transcriptome andlay a foundation for the improved control of gene expression related to ginsenoside synthesis and the content of ginsenosides in ginseng.
A Novel Design for an Ultracompact Optical Majority Gate based on Ring Resonator on Photonic Crystals Substrate
Authors: Parandin Fariborz , Sheykhian Arezoo , Bagheri Nila
Published: November 2022

This paper tries to design and simulate a majority gate with three inputs based on the resonance ring of 2D photonic crystals. In the design of this gate, a resonator gate and 4 waveguides in a square lattice have been used. This structure is simple and small with dielectric rods of silicon on an air substrate. Low and high logics are defined based on the optical sources being on or off. The large interval between 0 and 1 at the output demonstrates high accuracy of this optical gate. The operating wavelength of this optical majority gate is 1.55µm, which is in the photonic band-gap calculated for the gate structure. Calculations are carried out in the TM mode using the FDTD numerical method.
Profiling of eccDNAs in Arabidopsis indicates shift in population of TE-derived eccDNAs in response to stress, cellular state,and epigenetic processes
Authors: Vanderschuren Herve , Zaidi Syed Shan-e-Ali , Shakir Sara , Mehta Devang , Nguyen Vu , Gutzat Ruben
Published: November 2022

Evidence for the existence of extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) was presented decades ago, but only recent technological advancements have allowed a better characterization of eccDNA, including their crucial role in human pathogenesis, which is to increase the copy number and availability of oncogenes. However, the current eccDNA studies are based on short-read sequencing technologies and have limitations in accessing the integrity and abundance of eccDNA populations. Here we provide the eccDNA profiles and the landscape of active transposons in various Arabidopsis tissues, including meristematic cells sorted by fluorescence-activated nuclei, using high-accuracy long-read circular consensus sequencing. Comparative analysis of eccDNA profiles in actively dividing tissues and heat-stressed seedlings was also instrumental to identify known and previously unknown eccDNA-active loci. In-depth analysis of eccDNAs originating from ONSEN loci indicated preferential mobilization from young transposon loci. Our dataset also identified eccDNAs generated from loci of the superfamily RC/Helitrons as the most abundant eccDNAs in Arabidopsis. Profiling of eccDNA populations in selected Arabidopsis mutants of the DNA methylation pathways revealed that eccDNA formation from several retrotransposon loci is induced in the absence of active DNA demethylase ROS1. Together, these eccDNA datasets provide a useful plant genomics resource with the identification of eccDNA-active genomic loci that could help advancing our understanding of eccDNA biogenesis and functions in eukaryotes.
Impact of an online decision aid for risk-stratified breast screening on understanding, acceptance and decision-making: results of a pre-post survey design study.
Authors: Forrest Laura , Lippey Jocelyn , Keogh Louise , Mann G. Bruce , Campbell Ian
Published: November 2022

Background: Internationally, population breast cancer screening is moving towards a risk-stratified approach and requires engagement and acceptance from current and future screening clients. A decision aid (www.defineau.org) was developed based on women’s views, values, and knowledge regarding risk-stratified breast cancer screening. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the decision aid on women’s knowledge, risk perception, acceptance of risk assessment and change of screening frequency, and decision-making.
Methods: Women who are clients of BreastScreen Victoria were invited to complete an online questionnaire before and after viewing the decision aid.
Results: 3200 potential participants were invited, 242 responded with 127 participants completing both surveys. After reviewing the decision aid there was a significant change in knowledge, acceptance of risk stratified breast cancer screening and of decreased frequency screening for lower risk. High levels of acceptance of risk stratification, genetic testing and broad support for tailored screening persisted pre and post review.
Conclusions: The DEFINE decision aid had a positive impact on accepting lower frequency screening, a major barrier to the success of a risk-stratified program and may contribute to facilitating change to the population breast screening program in Australia.
Implementation of virtual reality in healthcare: a scoping review on the implementation process of virtual reality in various healthcare settings
Authors: Kouijzer Marileen , Kip Hanneke , Bouman Yvonne H.A. , Kelders Saskia M.
Published: November 2022

Background
Despite the potential added value of virtual reality technology in healthcare, its uptake in clinical practice is still in its infancy and challenges arise in the implementation of VR. Effective implementation could improve the adoption, uptake, and impact of VR. However, these implementation procedures still seem to be understudied in practice. This scoping review aimed to examine the current state of affairs in the implementation of VR technology in healthcare settings and to provide an overview of factors related to the implementation of VR.
Methods
To give an overview of relevant literature, a scoping review was undertaken of articles published up until February 2022, guided by the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005). The databases Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify records that highlighted the current state of affairs regarding the implementation of virtual reality in healthcare settings. Information about each study was extracted using a structured data extraction form.
Results
Of the 5523 records identified, 29 were included in this study. Most studies focused on barriers and facilitators to implementation, that highlight similar factors related to the behavior of adopters of VR and the practical resources that the organization should arrange for. However, few studies focus on systematic implementation and on using a theoretical framework to guide implementation. Despite the recommendation of using a structured, multi-level implementation intervention to support the needs of all involved stakeholders, there was no link between the identified barriers and facilitators, and concrete implementation objectives or suitable strategies to overcome these barriers in the included articles.
Conclusion
To take the implementation of VR in healthcare to the next level, it is important to ensure that implementation is not studied in separate studies focusing on one element, e.g., caregiver-related barriers, as is common in current literature. Based on the results of this study, we recommend that the implementation of VR entails the entire process, from identifying barriers to developing and employing a coherent, multi-level implementation intervention with suitable strategies. This implementation process could be supported by implementation frameworks, and ideally focus on behavior change of stakeholders such as caregivers, patients, and managers. This in turn might result in increased uptake and use of VR technologies that are of added value for healthcare practice.
Computational and Electrochemical Study of Pyrantel as Alternative Green Corrosion Inhibitor of S275JR Mild Steel and 1100-H14 Aluminum Alloys in H2SO4 Acidic Environment
Authors: Ugi Benedict , Nandi Desmond Obi
Published: November 2022

The study on Recycling and application of Pyrantel as alternative corrosion inhibitor of S275JR mild steel and 1100-H14 aluminum alloys in 1 M H2SO4 acid environment was investigated adopting different experimental methods including weight loss, hydrogen evolution (gasometric), electrochemical impedance spectroscopic, potentiodynamic polarization and computational (quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamic simulation) methods It was observed that pyrantel was a good inhibitor for both metals but with more inhibition on the 1100-H14 – type aluminum. Inhibition efficiency was recorded between 42.5% and 95.2% for aluminum at concentrations of 500 ppm and 1500 ppm respectively while 30.0% and 72.5% was recorded for S275JR mild steel at same concentrations as aluminum. This high inhibition efficient was attributed to the strong adsorption of the molecules on both metal surfaces. This result was in agreement with those of gasometric experiment. Electrochemical impedance showed higher and increasing values of charge transfer resistance and decreasing values for the double layer capacitance which indicated a better inhibition. From quantum calculations, the EHOMO values was higher than that of the ELUMO while the energy gap was calculated to be 1.9 with binding energy of 132.9. An indication that absorption was very strong and pyrantel is a good inhibitor. The data were in agreement with Langmuir adsorption isotherm as the correlation coefficient values were approximately unity indicating a physical adsorption and hence adsorption consists entirely of a monolayer at the surface.
Downstream STING pathways IRF3 and NF-κB differentially regulate CCL22 in response to cytosolic dsDNA
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Pena Jocelyn V. , McQueen Hannah P. , Kong Lingwei , Lomashvili Elmira M. , Michael Dina , Cook Pamela R.
Published: November 2022

Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is abnormal and typically indicates the presence of pathogens or mislocalized self-DNA. Multiple sensors detect cytosolic dsDNA and trigger robust immune responses via activation of type I interferons. Several cancer immunotherapy treatments also activate cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways, including oncolytic viruses, nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines, and pharmacological agonists. We report here that cytosolic dsDNA introduced into malignant cells can robustly upregulate expression of CCL22, a chemokine responsible for the recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs in the tumor microenvironment are thought to repress anti-tumor immune responses and contribute to tumor immune evasion. Surprisingly, we found that CCL22 upregulation by dsDNA was mediated primarily by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a key transcription factor that activates type I interferons. This finding was unexpected given previous reports that type I interferon alpha inhibits CCL22 and that IRF3 is associated with strong anti-tumor immune responses, not Treg recruitment. We also found that CCL22 upregulation by dsDNA occurred concurrently with IFN-β upregulation. IRF3 is one of two transcription factors downstream of the STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING), which is a hub adaptor protein through which many different dsDNA sensors transmit their signals. The other transcription factor downstream of STING, NF-κB, has been reported to regulate CCL22 expression in other contexts, and NF-κB has been ascribed multiple pro-tumor functions, including Treg recruitment. However, we found that NF-κB in the context of activation by cytosolic dsDNA contributed minimally to CCL22 upregulation compared with IRF3. Lastly, we observed that two strains of the same cell line differed profoundly in their capacity to upregulate CCL22 and IFN-β in response to dsDNA, despite apparent STING activation in both cell lines. This finding suggests that during tumor evolution, cells can acquire, or lose, the ability to upregulate CCL22. This study adds to our understanding of factors that may modulate immune activation in response to cytosolic DNA and has implications for immunotherapy strategies that activate DNA sensing pathways in cancer cells.
Decreasing relative importance of drawdown areas on waters in CO2 emissions in drylands
Authors: Ma Yuanzhi , Ling Hongbo , Deng Xiaoya , Han Feifei , Li Fujie , Yan Junjie , Gong Yanming , Zhang Guangpeng , Shan Qianjuan , Kang Ziwei , Jiao Ayong
Published: November 2022

Previous studies have mostly focused on the annual CO2 emissions from drawdown areas on a global scale. However, in drylands, which are more sensitive to global change, finely characterizing the relative importance of drawdown areas on waters (RIDW) in CO2 emissions at the spatio-temporal scale remains unclear. Here, we found that the total drawdown area of drylands could reach 22% of the waters area. From 2004 to 2020, the shrinking of the drawdown area of temperate lakes and reservoirs was the main factor leading to the decline of the total drawdown area. As a result, the mean total CO2 emissions from drawdown areas during 2013-2020 decreased by 18% compared with 2004-2012. The expansion of waters area led to a 29% increase in CO2 emissions from waters. The mean annual CO2 emissions from drawdown areas in drylands was as high as 132.3 ± 23.1 Tg C yr-1, which is equivalent to 61% of estimated CO2 emissions from waters, but its share of CO2 emissions of non-perennial waters shows a significant downward trend. Our study suggests that the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of CO2 emissions caused by the change of drylands waters area is an important part of the global carbon cycle.
Structural change likely increases inequality in India more than climate policy
Authors: Leimbach Marian , Hübler Michael , Mahlkow Hendrik , Montrone Lorenzo , Bukin Eduard , Felbermayr Gabriel , Kalkuhl Matthias , Koch Johannes , Marcolino Marcos , Pothen Frank , Steckel Jan
Published: November 2022

The decarbonization of India’s economy will affect economic actors differently. Here we study the distributional effects of climate policy in India, taking the specific role of structural economic change into account. We contrast distributional effects from climate policy with distributional effects from structural change and quantify how far carbon pricing supports structural change and economic development. We develop and apply a comprehensive model framework that combines long-term growth and medium-term trade dynamics related to structural change with detailed household income and expenditure data for India. Our results emphasize that distributional effects from structural change are stronger than from carbon pricing. Consequently, governments should not focus solely on the distributional effects of climate policy, but also consider the larger context of economic transformation processes when designing and implementing social policies.
A Systematic Review on a comprehensive evaluation of clinical prognostic variables and new biomarkers for head and neck cancer outcome
Authors: Sreeku Vinod Nair , Madhulaxmi Marimuthu , Ankathil Ravindran , Arumugham Paramasivam
Published: November 2022

All patients with the same TNM stage are treated according to the current algorithms for the clinical treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patient outcomes can be considerably improved by choosing a therapy based on a patient's unique distinctions in the genetic and biological properties of the tumour. Rapid technology advancements that enable thorough molecular characterisation of malignancies quickly and affordably have improved our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in tumour transformation and HNSCC disease development. Mining genetic data to enhance tumour staging, prognosis, and personalised therapy choices for HNSCC patients has not yet become standard practice despite noteworthy accomplishments in other tumour forms. We analyse and summarise both old and new data on predictive biomarkers for HNSCC in this review, intending to potentially enhance clinical patient care shortly.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Job Insecurity Scale (JIS) in Brazil and cross-national analysis of Job Insecurity effects in Brazil and Spain
Authors: Llosa José Antonio , Agulló-Tomás Esteban , Menéndez-Espina Sara , Heleno Camila Teixeira , Borges Livia de Olivera
Published: November 2022

Background: Job flexibilisation has increased interest in job insecurity and its consequences. Job insecurity, understood as a fear of losing employment, is linked to a deterioration of mental health, social relations or job satisfaction. Its study has been developed primarily in Europe, in the absence of validated psychometric scales in the Latin American context. To bridge this knowledge gap, the aim of this study is to cross-culturally adapt the Job Insecurity Scale (JIS) in Brazil, and secondly, to establish a cross-national analysis between people employed in Brazil and Spain.
Methods: 1,165 employed people participate in the study, of whom 573 reside in Brazil and 592 in Spain. For the scale adaptation process, a sequence of EFA, CFA and validity tests are carried out, as well as a multigroup invariance according to the gender variable. The cross-national comparison compares the effect sizes of affective and cognitive job insecurity on the mental health variable measured with the GHQ-28 scale in both countries.
Results: The results of the scale adaptation show that the JIS is suitable for use in the Brazilian employment context, offering a factorialisation in two dimensions (affective and cognitive) with good reliability (ω> . 84). The cross-national comparison shows that job insecurity has a greater weight in explaining the mental health of the employed population in Brazil than in Spain, which is related to higher indicators of job insecurity in the Brazilian context.
Conclusions: With this validation we now have a validated scale of job insecurity validated for the Brazilian context. The comparison between countries shows the need to establish these analyses, since the behaviour of the phenomenon is different in the contexts studied.
Pan-cancer analysis of whole-genome doubling and its association with patient prognosis
Authors: Kikutake Chie , Suyama Mikita
Published: November 2022

Background Whole-genome doubling (WGD) is a common mutation in cancer. Various studies suggested that WGD is associated with a poor prognosis in cancer. However, the detailed association between WGD occurrence and prognosis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate how WGD affects prognosis using sequencing data from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Methods Whole-genome sequencing data of 23 cancer types were downloaded from the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) project. We defined the WGD event in each sample using the WGD status annotated by the PCAWG. We used MutationTimeR to predict the relative timing of mutations and LOH to WGD, which were investigated the association with WGD and them. We also analyzed the association between the WGD-associated factors and patient prognosis. Results We detected that WGD is associated with several factors, e.g., loss of heterozygosity (LOH) length. Survival analysis using WGD-associated factors showed that longer LOH and LOH in chr17 were associated with poor prognosis in the samples with and without WGD. In addition to these two factors, samples without WGD showed that the number of mutations in tumor suppressor genes was associated with prognosis. Moreover, we explored genes associated with prognosis in both samples separately. Conclusion This study revealed that the prognosis-related factors in samples with and without WGD significantly differ. This study emphasizes the need for different treatment strategies for samples with and without WGD.
Influence of a prolonged shelf time on PA12 laser sintering powder and resulting part properties
Authors: Klippstein Sven Helge , Kletetzka Ivo , Sural Ilknur , Schmid Hans-Joachim
Published: November 2022

In the laser sintering technology, the material is exposed to elevated temperatures during processing, leading to serious material ageing . This has already been investigated intensively by various authors,.However, the ageing of the material at ambient temperatures as during shelf life has not been in the focus so far. The need to analyze the shelf life can be derived from an ecological and economic point of view. This work is focusing on the shelf life of PA2200 (PA12). To reduce potential influences of powder production fluctuations, two different powder batches stored for 5.5 years and 6.5 years are investigated and compared to a reference powder produced 0.5 years before these investigations. Multiple powder analyses and part characterizations have been performed. A significant yellowing and molecular chain length reduction can be derived from the measurement results. Whereas the influence on mechanical part performance was minor, the parts built with the stored powders are more yellowish. As it is most likely, that this is due to the consumption of the polyamide stabilizers, it can be assumed that these parts will be subject to significantly faster ageing. Therefore, it is still not recommended to use the stored powders for critical parts or light intense and humid environments.
“And a huge factor is …, the people around them”: Sources of information about COVID-19 vaccines among migrants in Australia.
Authors: Pourmarzi Davoud , Fitzpatrick Petya , Lambert Stephen
Published: November 2022

Background
To empower all members of society to protect their health, they should have access to accurate and timely information about COVID-19 vaccines. This study aimed to explore the information sources migrants used to learn about COVID-19 vaccines.
Methods
Seventeen adults living in Australia and born in the World Health Organization’s Eastern Mediterranean Region participated in a semi-structured interview via telephone. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.
Results
Migrants used a variety of sources of information including official organisations and health professionals, social media and personal networks and experiential. They emphasised the importance of personal networks and the reliability of the information collected from experiencing or witnessing COVID-19 vaccine outcomes in shaping their understanding of the risks and benefits of COVID-19 vaccines.
Conclusion
Strategies need to be designed to provide accurate information about COVID-19 vaccines through personal networks including engament of community leaders to share accurate experiential information in all stages of the vaccination program. Routine information needs assessment and understanding migrants’ information gathering capacity can be helpful in communicating information about COVID-19 vaccines or other pandemic strategies in the future.
Impact of hardening law on the FEM prediction of residual stresses in Cu-Al wires
Authors: Dashti Alireza , Keller Clément , Vieille Benoit , Guillet Alain , Gallo Calogero , Habraken Anne-Marie , Duchêne Laurent
Published: November 2022

Near-surface axial tensile residual stresses (from manufacturing) are reportedly detrimental to the yield strength of cold-drawn wires. Therefore, a reliable evaluation of their magnitude is necessary. The size and geometry of electrical wires can pose challenges for experimental measurement of those residual stresses. For that reason, the finite element analysis can prove useful. However, great care must be taken with the right choice of strain hardening law for a sound assessment of residual stresses. Given the complex loading condition during cold drawing, cyclic loading arises through the wire cross section even in single-pass drawing. As a result, it is of crucial importance to account for associated backstresses. The current study makes a comparison between two different hardening laws’ prediction of axial residual stress profiles in numerically cold-drawn Cu-Al composite wires of various Al volume fractions. The impact of die geometry on this prediction was also examined for a 25%Al-wire. To that end, a combined isotropic-kinematic law and a pure isotropic constitutive equation were considered. The results imply a possible overestimation of residual stresses by the pure isotropic model at relatively low Al volume fractions. The difference between the maximum magnitudes of tensile or compressive residual stresses (predicted by the two models) could be as large as about 100 MPa (larger than the yield strength of the starting materials). Furthermore, the tooling geometry minimally affects the prediction of the hardening models. In conclusion, backstresses are not to be overlooked for accurate estimations of drawing residual stresses at low Al volume fractions.
The Association Between Financial Hardship and Markers of Inflammation: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher Cohort
Authors: Surachman Agus , Tucker-Seeley Reginald , Almeida David
Published: November 2022

Background
Measures of financial hardship have been suggested to supplement traditional measures of socioeconomic status (SES) to elucidate household economic well-being. This study formally tested the construct validity of the financial hardship construct and examined its association with markers of inflammation.
Methods
This study utilized data from 863 respondents from the Midlife Development in the United States Refresher Study (MIDUS-R) who completed the biomarker assessment (ages 25–76, mean age = 50.8; 52% female; 69% non-Hispanic white). Analysis for this study was divided into three steps. First, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), we examined if the three-domain factor (material, psychological, and behavioral) is the best fitting model for financial hardship measures. Second, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the second-order measurement model of financial hardship with a three-factor first-order domain (material, psychological, and behavioral). Finally, we tested the association between the latent factor of financial hardship and interleukin 6 (IL6), c-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen.
Results
Results from EFA supported the three-domain model of financial hardship. The hypothesized second-order measurement model for the three-domain model of financial hardship met the overall goodness-of-fit criteria (χ2 = 35.50, df = 11, RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.98; SRMR = 0.02). Finally, higher financial hardship was significantly associated with IL6 and fibrinogen but not CRP.
Conclusion
Explicating the socioeconomic environment to include indicators of financial hardship can help researchers better understand the pathway between SES and the inflammation process, which may help elucidate pathways between SES and age-related chronic diseases associated with inflammation.
A Numerical Example of Russell's Paradox and Its Novel Geometric Properties
Authors: Pan Xiandi
Published: November 2022

I found that its length is neither changed nor unchanged if an endpoint of a line segment is cut off and hypothesized that a line is not composed of points in primary school. Similar findings and hypotheses about plane and space were obtained in middle and high school. An example of Russell's paradox with positive integers - ∅Pan -which I wrote out in the first year of university solved these problems unexpectedly. ∅Pan is a set group that all its sets are mutually included. By marking each set in ∅Pan with line, plane and space, I got ∅line, ∅plane, and ∅space, respectively. These geometric set groups have remarkable properties that lines are mutually included and mutually iterated in ∅line, and the same as planes in ∅plane and spaces in ∅space. Visualization models for ∅line through cross-composing timelines, for ∅plane through cross-monitoring screens, and for ∅space through cross-sharing cyberspaces were finally established when I was pursuing my doctoral degree. These results demonstrate that sets can mutually include and geometries can mutually iterate. I anticipate the present paper to be a starting point for a novel kind of set group and algebraic geometry.
Excellent Clinical Outcomes of Renal Transplant from Pediatric Deceased Donors with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Liu Qiuhao , Zhang Hedong , Zhong Mingda , Tan Liang , Hu Shanbiao , Peng Longkai , Xie Xubiao , Lan Gongbin
Published: November 2022

Background: The use of kidneys from deceased donors with acute kidney injury (AKI) to expand the donor pool is an ongoing trend. Prior research on the utilization of AKI donor kidneys, especially from pediatric AKI donors, was limited and has been subject to small sample sizes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of early post-transplantation outcomes in pediatric deceased donors with AKI.
Methods: This retrospective study compared the clinical results (including delayed graft function [DGF], acute rejection, patient and death-censored graft survival rates and renal function post-transplant) of kidney transplantation from deceased donors who were categorized as pediatric donors and adult donors with or without AKI, as defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KIDGO) criteria, at our center between January 2018 and December 2020.
Results: Of the 740 patients, 154 received kidneys from pediatric donors (with AKI group [n=41]; without AKI group [n=113]), and 586 received kidneys from adult donors (with AKI group [n=218]; without AKI group [n=368]). The baseline characteristics were similar in both cohorts. No significant difference was observed in 1-year patient survival, death-censored graft survival, or acute rejection between the AKI and non-AKI groups in both the pediatric and adult cohorts. However, compared with those transplanted with adult AKI kidneys, those transplanted with pediatric AKI kidneys showed a superior recovery of allograft function. In pediatric cohorts, no significant difference was found in serum creatinine/estimated glomerular filtration rate (SCr/eGFR) between the AKI and non-AKI groups, even in the first week post-transplant. In contrast, the post-transplant SCr/eGFR level of the AKI group recipients in adult cohorts did not recover to a level statistically similar to that of non-AKI recipients, even at 6-months post-transplant. Nonetheless, AKI kidney recipients were at an increased risk of DGF in both pediatric (34.1% vs. 16.8%) and adult (38.5% vs. 17.4%) cohorts.
Conclusions: Kidney transplantation from deceased donors with AKI has short-term clinical outcomes comparable to those of non-AKI kidney transplantation. Pediatric AKI kidneys have a superior recovery of allograft function. The transplant community should utilize this donor pool to minimize waiting-list-related mortalities.
Theoretical investigation of the MXene precursors MoxV4-x AlC3 (0≤x≤4)
Authors: Moreno-Armenta Ma. Guadalupe , Guerrero-Sánchez J. , Gutiérrez-Ojeda S. J. , Fernández-Escamilla H. N. , Minh Hoat Do , Ponce-Pérez R.
Published: November 2022

By first-principles total-energy calculations, we investigated the thermodynamic stability of the MAX solid solution MoxV4−xAlC3 in the 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 range. Results evidence that lattice parameter a increases as a function of Mo content, while the c parameter reaches its maximum expansion at x = 2.5. After that, a contraction is noticed. Mo occupies VI sites randomly until the out-of-plane ordered Mo2V2AlC3 alloy is formed. We employed the defect formation energy formalism (DFE) to evaluate the thermodynamic stability of the alloys. Calculations show five stable compounds. At V-rich conditions and from Mo-rich to Mo-moderated conditions, the pristine V4AlC3 MAX is stable. In the region of V-poor conditions, from Mo-rich to Mo-moderated growth conditions, the solid solutions with x = 0.5, 1, and 1.5 and the o-MAX Mo2V2AlC3 are thermodynamically stable. The line profiles of the Electron Localization Function and Bader charge analysis show that the V-C interaction is mainly ionic, while the Mo-C is covalent. Also, the exfoliation energy to obtain a MXene layer is ~ 0.4 eV/Å2. DFE also shows that MXenes exfoliated from the MAX phase with the same Mo content and atomic arrangement are thermodynamically stable. Our results get a deeper atomic scale understanding of the experimental evidence by Pinto and coworkers [J. Mater. Chem. A 8 (2020) 8957].