bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Perspectives on Risk Assessment and Anticoagulation in Elective Spine Surgery Patients: The Impact of Ultra-Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Surgery Techniques on Patients with Cardiac Disease
Authors: Siciliano Alexandre , Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe , Schmidt Sergio , Alvim Fiorelli Rossano , de Carvalho Paulo , Alhammoud Abduljabbar , Alvim Fiorelli Stenio , Marques Marcos , Lorio Morgan
Published: July 2024

The advent of ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgery, characterized by significantly reduced surgery times, minimal blood loss, and minimal tissue trauma, has precipitated a paradigm shift in the preoperative management of patients with cardiac disease undergoing elective spine procedures. This perspective article explores how these advancements have influenced the requirements for preoperative cardiac workups and the protocols surrounding the cessation of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies. Traditionally, extensive cardiac evaluations and the need to stop anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents have posed challenges, increasing the risk of cardiac events and delaying surgical interventions. However, the reduced invasiveness of endoscopic spine surgery presents a safer profile for patients with cardiac comorbidities, potentially minimizing the necessity for rigorous cardiac clearance and allowing for more flexible anticoagulation management. This perspective article synthesizes current research and clinical practices to provide a comprehensive overview of these evolving protocols. It also discusses the implications of these changes for patient safety, surgical outcomes, and overall healthcare efficiency. Finally, the article suggests directions for future research, emphasizing the need for updated guidelines that reflect the reduced perioperative risk associated with these innovative surgical techniques. This discussion is pivotal for primary care physicians, surgeons, cardiologists, and the broader medical community in optimizing care for this high-risk patient population.
Hybrid Encryption Model for Secured Three-Phase Authentication Protocol in IoT
Authors: Munshi Amr , Alshawi Bandar
Published: July 2024

The Internet of things (IoT) has recently received a great deal of attention, and there has been a large increase in the number of IoT devices owing to its significance in current communication networks. In addition, the validation of devices is an important concern and a major safety demand in IoT systems, as any faults in the authentication or identification procedure will lead to threatening attacks that cause the system to close. In this study, a new, three-phase authentication protocol in IoT is implemented. The initial phase concerns the user registration phase, in which encryption takes place with a hybrid Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)–Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) model with an optimization strategy, whereby key generation is optimally accomplished via a Self-Improved Aquila Optimizer (SI-AO). The second and third phases include the login process and the authentication phase, in which information flow control-based authentication is conducted. Finally, decryption is achieved based on the hybrid ECC–AES model. The employed scheme’s improvement is established using various metrics.
Hydrological and Urban Analysis of Territories under High Water Stress: Nazas and Aguanaval Rivers, Mexico
Authors: Barrios Avalos Juan José , Franquesa Sánchez Jordi
Published: July 2024

Hydrological region 36 in Mexico (RH36) faces significant water stress and tends towards agricultural mono-production. Following the regulation of its main rivers, the Nazas and Aguanaval, through dam construction and canalization, the flow of water in the lower basin of the Nazas River has become negligible, which has altered the riverfronts of major cities in the region. Consequently, Torreón, Gómez Palacio, and Lerdo, which are part of the La Laguna Metropolitan Zone (ZML), have expanded into new territories along the riverbanks and adjacent recharge areas. Establishing the boundaries of specific watersheds is crucial for the implementation of targeted rural and urban intervention strategies. This approach enhances understanding of interactions between the natural hydromorphology of a hydrological region, water infrastructure (dams, canals, reservoirs), and the urban and rural landscape. To effectively plan based on watershed boundaries, it is essential to develop hybrid cartographies that integrate urban, architectural, agricultural, and hydrological delineations. These maps provide valuable indicators for watershed-based planning, which facilitates precise hydrological urban restoration strategies tailored to specific basins. This research focuses on developing and presenting such hybrid cartographies, which combine hydrological, rural, and geographic data. This methodology aligns with the overarching objective of mitigating water stress in RH36 and promoting a transition towards more sustainable forms of agriculture.
Spatiotemporal Variation in Ecological Environmental Quality and Its Response to Different Factors in the Xia-Zhang-Quan Urban Agglomeration over the Past 30 Years
Authors: Li Zongmei , Man Wang , Peng Jiahui , Wang Yang , Nie Qin , Sun Fengqin , Huang Yutong
Published: July 2024

The interactions between economic development, environmental sustainability, population growth, and urbanization are vital in assessing the ecological dynamics of urban agglomerations. This study explores the relationship between economic development, environmental sustainability, population growth, and urbanization within the Xia-Zhang-Quan urban agglomeration in Fujian Province from 1989 to 2022. Utilizing Landsat remote sensing images, we calculated the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) to evaluate changes in ecological quality. The results show that the average RSEI values for 1989, 2000, 2010, and 2022 were 0.5829, 0.5607, 0.5827, and 0.6195, respectively, indicating an initial decline followed by a significant increase, culminating in an overall upward trend. The spatial distribution of RSEI classification shows that the study area has the largest proportion of mainly “good” ecological quality. The proportion of areas with “excellent” ecological environmental quality has increased (13.41% in 1989 and 25.12% in 2022), while those with “general” quality has decreased (28.03% in 1989 and 21.21% in 2022). Over the past three decades, Xiamen experienced substantial ecological degradation (RSEI change of −0.0897), Zhangzhou showed marked improvement (RSEI change of 0.0519), and Quanzhou exhibited slight deterioration (RSEI change of −0.0396). Central urban areas typically had poorer ecological conditions but showed signs of improvement, whereas non-central urban regions demonstrated significant environmental enhancement. The factor detector analysis identified land use as the dominant factor influencing ecological environmental quality, with precipitation having a relatively minor impact. Interaction analysis revealed that all other factors demonstrated bi-variable enhancement or nonlinear enhancement, suggesting that the interactive effects of these factors are greater than the effects of individual factors alone. Land use consistently showed solid explanatory power. Temperature also exhibited significant influence in 2022 when interacting with other factors. Due to urban planning that can plan for land use, these findings suggest that effective urban planning can harmonize economic development with ecological protection within the Xia-Zhang-Quan urban agglomeration.
Simulation and Prediction of Land Use Change and Carbon Emission under Multiple Development Scenarios at the City Level: A Case Study of Xi’an, China
Authors: Bian Rui , Zhao Anzhou , Zou Lidong , Liu Xianfeng , Xu Ruihao , Li Ziyang
Published: July 2024

Studying urban land use and its impact on carbon emissions is crucial for achieving China’s dual carbon goals. This research utilized the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios 126, 245, and 585 from the Sixth International Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), along with a coupled System Dynamics (SD) and Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model and a carbon emission coefficient method to simulate and predict Xi’an’s land use carbon emissions from 2020 to 2040. The results indicate the following: (1) Cultivated and forest lands are the predominant land use types in Xi’an, with cultivated and grassland areas projected to decline under all three SSP scenarios by 2040. The most significant expansion of construction land, primarily at the expense of farmland, is projected under the SSP585 scenario, with an increase of 515.92 km2 by 2040. (2) Land use carbon emissions increased from 414.15 × 104 t in 2000 to 2376.10 × 104 t in 2020, with construction land being the primary source of emissions and forest land serving as the main carbon sink. However, the carbon sink capacity remained low at only 21.38 × 104 t in 2020. (3) Carbon emissions are expected to continue increasing under all scenarios through 2030 and 2040, though at a decreasing rate. The SSP126 scenario predicts the lowest emissions, reaching 9186.00 × 104 t by 2040, while SSP585 predicts the highest at 14,935.00 × 104 t. The findings of this study provide theoretical support for future low-carbon and high-quality urban development strategies.
Land Use Change Impacts over the Indus Delta: A Case Study of Sindh Province, Pakistan
Authors: Masood Maira , He Chunguang , Shah Shoukat Ali , Rehman Syed Aziz Ur
Published: July 2024

Land use and land cover changes (LULCCs) are vital indicators for assessing the dynamic relationship between humans and nature, particularly in diverse and evolving landscapes. This study employs remote sensing (RS) data and machine learning algorithms (MLAs) to investigate LULCC dynamics within the Indus River Delta region of Sindh, Pakistan. The focus is on tracking the trajectories of land use changes within mangrove forests and associated ecosystem services over twenty years. Our findings reveal a modest improvement in mangrove forest cover in specific areas, with an increase from 0.28% to 0.4%, alongside a slight expansion of wetland areas from 2.95% to 3.19%. However, significant increases in cropland, increasing from 22.76% to 28.14%, and built-up areas, increasing from 0.71% to 1.66%, pose risks such as altered sedimentation and runoff patterns as well as habitat degradation. Additionally, decreases in barren land from 57.10% to 52.7% and a reduction in rangeland from 16.16% to 13.92% indicate intensified land use conversion and logging activities. This study highlights the vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems in the Indus Delta to agricultural expansion, urbanization, resource exploitation, and land mismanagement. Recommendations include harmonizing developmental ambitions with ecological conservation, prioritizing integrated coastal area management, reinforcing mangrove protection measures, and implementing sustainable land use planning practices. These actions are essential for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the region’s ecosystems and human communities.
An Examination of Human Fast and Frugal Heuristic Decisions for Truckload Spot Pricing
Authors: Haughton Michael , Amini Alireza
Published: July 2024

Background: One of several logistics contexts in which pricing decisions are made involves truckload carriers using reverse auctions to bid for prices they want for their transportation services while operating under uncertainty about factors such as their (i) operations costs and (ii) rivals’ bids. This study’s main purpose is to explore humans’ use of fast and frugal heuristics (FFHs) to navigate those uncertainties. In particular, the study clarifies the logic, theoretical underpinnings, and performance of human FFHs. Methods: The study uses behavior experiments as its core research method. Results: The study’s key findings are that humans use rational FFHs, yet, despite the rationality, human decisions yield average profits that are 35% below profits from price optimization models. The study also found that human FFHs yield very unstable outcomes: the FFH coefficient of variation in profit is twice as large as price optimization. Novel contributions inherent in these findings include (a) clarifying connections between spot market auction pricing and behavioral theories and (b) adding truckload spot markets to the literature’s contexts for measuring performance gaps between human FFHs and optimization models. Conclusions: The contributions have implications for practical purposes that include gauging spot pricing decisions made under constraints such as limited access to price optimization tools.
Study on Rubbing-Induced Vibration Characteristics Considering the Flexibility of Coated Casings and Blades
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yang Shuhua , Tai Xingyu , Ma Hui , Guan Hong , Mu Qinqin , Qu Lin , Ding Xiangfu
Published: July 2024

Rubbing between a blade and its coated casing is one of the main failures in aero-engine systems. This paper aims to study the effects of coated casings on rubbing-induced dynamic responses considering the flexibility of the coated casing and the flexibility of the blade. Firstly, an actual compressor blade is established by the shell element and verified by the experiment and ANSYS 19.2 software. Subsequently, a new dynamic model for the coated casing is proposed based on the laminated shell element, and the proposed dynamic model for the coated casing is verified by comparing the natural characteristics calculated by ANSYS software. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to analyze the influences of the casing model, coating parameters, and casing parameters on vibration characteristics. Finally, the results show that the coating can diminish the severity level of rubbing. Notably, the material and thickness of the coating can change the nodal diameter vibrations of the casings (NDVCs) induced by rubbing. This study provides valuable guidance for the optimization and design of blade–casing systems.
Maintainability Assessment during the Design Phase: Integrating MTA and UNE 151001
Authors: Donaire Franco , Durán Orlando , Vergara José Ignacio , Arata Adolfo
Published: July 2024

The focus on maintenance actions in the early design phases has been a trend in recent years. The main sources of information during the design of the maintainability process include operator reports, maintainer experience, failure history, and manufacturer recommendations. During this process, an important aspect is related to the configuration of maintenance tasks and interventions, such as their main phases, activities, and durations. The allocation or estimation of maintainability involves identifying and/or estimating the mean time to repair (MTTR) for each component or system. The time of the maintenance tasks or the repair time are fundamental for companies, as the availability of equipment directly depends on this parameter. In this study, a new method for evaluating maintainability during the design phases is proposed. The method is based on the integration of the maintenance task analysis (MTA) principles and the UNE 151001 maintainability evaluation standard. A data structure is proposed that serves the application of the UNE151001 procedures, obtaining a data-based maintainability evaluation. As a validation procedure, an application of the proposed approach is presented using two overhead cranes. Comparisons and recommendations are made regarding the maintainability of both pieces of equipment. Finally, some managerial and engineering insights are presented.
DSCEH: Dual-Stream Correlation-Enhanced Deep Hashing for Image Retrieval
Authors: Yang Yulin , Chen Huizhen , Liu Rongkai , Liu Shuning , Zhan Yu , Hu Chao , Shi Ronghua
Published: July 2024

Deep Hashing is widely used for large-scale image-retrieval tasks to speed up the retrieval process. Current deep hashing methods are mainly based on the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) or Vision Transformer (VIT). They only use the local or global features for low-dimensional mapping and only use the similarity loss function to optimize the correlation between pairwise or triplet images. Therefore, the effectiveness of deep hashing methods is limited. In this paper, we propose a dual-stream correlation-enhanced deep hashing framework (DSCEH), which uses the local and global features of the image for low-dimensional mapping and optimizes the correlation of images from the model architecture. DSCEH consists of two main steps: model training and deep-hash-based retrieval. During the training phase, a dual-network structure comprising CNN and VIT is employed for feature extraction. Subsequently, feature fusion is achieved through a concatenation operation, followed by similarity evaluation based on the class token acquired from VIT to establish edge relationships. The Graph Convolutional Network is then utilized to enhance correlation optimization between images, resulting in the generation of high-quality hash codes. This stage facilitates the development of an optimized hash model for image retrieval. In the retrieval stage, all images within the database and the to-be-retrieved images are initially mapped to hash codes using the aforementioned hash model. The retrieval results are subsequently determined based on the Hamming distance between the hash codes. We conduct experiments on three datasets: CIFAR-10, MSCOCO, and NUSWIDE. Experimental results show the superior performance of DSCEH, which helps with fast and accurate image retrieval.
Adaptive Multi-Sensor Fusion Localization Method Based on Filtering
Authors: Wang Zhihong , Bai Yuntian , Hu Jie , Tang Yuxuan , Cheng Fei
Published: July 2024

High-precision positioning is a fundamental requirement for autonomous vehicles. However, the accuracy of single-sensor positioning technology can be compromised in complex scenarios due to inherent limitations. To address this issue, we propose an adaptive multi-sensor fusion localization method based on the error-state Kalman filter. By incorporating a tightly coupled laser inertial odometer that utilizes the Normal Distribution Transform (NDT), we constructed a multi-level fuzzy evaluation model for posture transformation states. This model assesses the reliability of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data and the laser inertial odometer when GNSS signals are disrupted, prioritizing data with higher reliability for posture updates. Real vehicle tests demonstrate that our proposed positioning method satisfactorily meets the positioning accuracy and robustness requirements for autonomous driving vehicles in complex environments.
Binary Encoding-Based Federated Learning for Traffic Sign Recognition in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Wen Yian , Zhou Yun , Gao Kai
Published: July 2024

Autonomous driving involves collaborative data sensing and traffic sign recognition. Emerging artificial intelligence technology has brought tremendous advances to vehicular networks. However, it is challenging to guarantee privacy and security when using traditional centralized machine learning methods for traffic sign recognition. It is urgent to introduce a distributed machine learning approach to protect private data of connected vehicles. In this paper, we propose a local differential privacy-based binary encoding federated learning approach. The binary encoding techniques and random perturbation methods are used in distributed learning scenarios to enhance the efficiency and security of data transmission. For the vehicle layer in this approach, the model is trained locally, and the model parameters are uploaded to the central server through encoding and perturbing. The central server designs the corresponding decoding, correction scheme, and regression statistical method for the received binary string. Then, the model parameters are aggregated and updated in the server and transmitted to the vehicle until the learning model is trained. The performance of the proposed approach is verified using the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark data set. The simulation results show that the convergence of the approach is better with the increase in the learning cycle. Compared with baseline methods, such as the convolutional neural network, random forest, and backpropagation, the proposed approach achieves higher accuracy in the process of traffic sign recognition, with an increase of 6%.
Efficient Scheme for the Economic Heston–Hull–White Problem Using Novel RBF-FD Coefficients Derived from Multiquadric Function Integrals
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhao Zixiao , Ling Shiyi , Chao Heyang , Nafchi Hasan Fattahi , Shateyi Stanford
Published: July 2024

This study presents an efficient method using the local radial basis function finite difference scheme (RBF-FD). The innovative coefficients are derived from the integrals of the multiquadric (MQ) function. Theoretical convergence rates for the coefficients used in function derivative approximation are provided. The proposed scheme utilizes RBF-FD estimations on three-point non-uniform stencils to construct the final approximation on a tensor grid for the 3D Heston–Hull–White (HHW) PDE, which is relevant in economics and mathematical finance. Numerical evidence and comparative analyses validate the results and the proposed scheme.
Assessment of Motivations, Treatment Risks, and Oral Health in Adults with Fixed Orthodontic Care: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tadin Antonija , Badrov Marija , Mikelic Vitasovic Branimira , Gavic Lidia
Published: July 2024

Aim: This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the reasons why adults seek orthodontic treatment, their perceived treatment risks, oral hygiene habits, and awareness of oral health. Materials and Methods: This study, which involved 246 adults, used a self-report questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data and examine the participants’ understanding of oral health, self-assessment of oral health status, adherence to oral hygiene routines, and use of oral hygiene products. In addition, the reasons for opting for orthodontic treatment, negative associations, and expected outcomes were examined. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis, including descriptive and regression methods. Results: The results showed that factors such as previous oral health education and regular use of specialized toothbrushes, including rotary toothbrushes, were significantly associated with higher knowledge levels (p < 0.05). However, daily oral hygiene practices were suboptimal, with the low utilization of aids: only 58.9% reported using interdental brushes, and 36.6% used dental floss regularly. Commonly reported dental problems included food debris between teeth (46.3%), tartar (35.4%), and tooth sensitivity to cold (26.4%). The primary motivations for orthodontic treatment were aesthetic improvement (63.8%), enhancements in oral function (49.6%), and addressing psychosocial concerns (42.7%). In contrast, the most frequently mentioned negative aspects associated with fixed orthodontic treatment were aesthetic concerns (30.9%), treatment duration (27.6%), and mouth ulcers (24.0%). Conclusions: Based on the research findings, regular oral hygiene education is recommended for adult patients considering fixed orthodontic therapy, including the use of additional tools such as interdental brushes and floss to improve oral health and reduce the risk of complications during treatment. The importance of chemical compounds in dentifrices and mouthwashes cannot be overstated, as they play a crucial role in addressing various dental issues. In addition, it is crucial to carefully weigh the pros and cons of therapy and to visit a dentist regularly to maintain oral health and monitor progress during treatment.
Comparative Study of 1444 nm Laser Monotherapy versus Integrated Liposuction in the Treatment of Axillary Osmidrosis
Authors: Jeong Jae Hoon , Park Chongsoo
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: The 1444 nm wavelength Neodymium:Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment is an efficient method for treating axillary osmidrosis (AO); however, it has a relatively low treatment persistence. To address this issue, we performed integrated liposuction surgery with a laser to treat AO and compared the results with those of a group treated only with a laser. Materials and Methods: This study compared the outcomes of AO treatment between the two groups up to six months postoperatively. The first group of 18 patients underwent laser treatment alone, and the second group of 12 patients underwent integrated liposuction surgery in addition to laser treatment. Outcomes were assessed using the following variables: degree of malodor (DOM), sweating area, patient satisfaction, pain levels, and complications, such as burns, swelling, and contractures. Results: Compared to the laser-only group, the integrated liposuction group demonstrated significantly superior outcomes in terms of DOM (p = 0.002) and patient satisfaction (p = 0.006), as well as a reduction in the sweating area (p = 0.012). The pain rating was higher in the liposuction group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.054). Compared with the patients in the integrated liposuction treatment group, those in the laser treatment group exhibited a significantly higher number of burns under the axillae (p = 0.025). However, no significant differences were observed in the swelling or contracture between the groups. Conclusions: Integrated liposuction with laser therapy significantly improved treatment outcomes, including malodor, patient satisfaction, sweat test results, and decreased complication rates.
Retrospective Evaluation of Survival and Prognostic Factors in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Single-Center and Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pektaş Gökhan , Uncu İbrahim Asaf , Dere Yelda , Öncü Şeyma , Kızılkaya Merve Becit , Sadi Gökhan , Pektaş Mehmet Bilgehan
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the autoantibody-mediated destruction of platelets. The treatment of ITP aims to maintain a sufficient platelet count to prevent bleeding. First-line treatment options include corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), while second-line treatments include splenectomy, rituximab and other immunosuppressive agents, and thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists. This study aims to discuss the treatment methods and results from 100 patients with ITP at the Muğla Training and Research Hospital through a pharmacological approach. Materials and Methods: Demographic characteristics, clinical findings, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy results, and treatments and treatment responses at the time of diagnosis of the 100 patients with ITP who were treated and followed up in the period 2015–2023 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: In the third month after treatment, the overall response percentage was 100% in patients who received steroids only and 88% in patients who received IVIg treatment alone or in combination with steroids (p > 0.05). The most preferred second-line treatments were splenectomy (41%), eltrombopag (26%), and rituximab (10%). Bone marrow biopsy was performed in 54% of patients, where 35.1% showed increased megakaryocytes, 44.4% adequate megakaryocytes, and 14.8% decreased megakaryocytes. It is noted that eltrombopag and rituximab, in particular, yield higher complete remission rates than immunosuppressive drugs. Conclusions: Considering the side effects of immunosuppressive medications, IVIg, splenectomy, and steroid therapy, the use of new agents such as eltrombopag, which are easily tolerated and have a lower risk of side effects, is expected to increase.
Fungal Biodeterioration Risk in Monastic Libraries without Climate Control
Authors: Derksen Katharina , Brimblecombe Peter , Piñar Guadalupe , Waldherr Monika , Graf Alexandra , Haltrich Martin , Querner Pascal , Sterflinger Katja
Published: July 2024

Fungi have always posed an unquestionable threat to heritage collections worldwide. Now, in a future of climate change, biological risk factors may have to be considered even more than before. Models and simulations to assess possible impacts a changing outdoor climate will have on indoor environments and, in turn, on biodeterioration are still underdeveloped and require a more substantial data basis. This study aimed at filling some of these knowledge gaps through a broad-based approach combining microclimatic and microbiological monitoring in four historic libraries in Austria with an uncontrolled indoor climate: Altenburg Abbey, Melk Abbey, Klosterneuburg Monastery and the Capuchin Monastery in Vienna. Data were generated from thermohygrometric sensors, cultivation-dependent air- and surface sampling and further surface dust sampling for cultivation-independent analyses. Results gave insights on the status quo of microbiological loads in the libraries and outdoor–indoor relationships. Influences of the geographic location and room-use on corresponding indoor fungal profiles were identified. Lower fungal diversities were found at the most rural site with the strongest climatic fluctuations and extreme values than in the most urban, sheltered library with a very stable climate. Further, the humidity-stabilizing potential of large collections of hygroscopic materials, such as books, was also examined. Implications for a sustainable approach to prevent future biodeterioration are discussed, supporting the long-term preservation of these valuable historic collections.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: From the Oral Cavity to the Heart Valves
Authors: Talapko Jasminka , Juzbašić Martina , Meštrović Tomislav , Matijević Tatjana , Mesarić Dora , Katalinić Darko , Erić Suzana , Milostić-Srb Andrea , Flam Josipa , Škrlec Ivana
Published: July 2024

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetecomitans) is a Gram-negative bacterial species that is an essential component of the oral microbiota. Due to its aggregative properties, it plays a role in the pathogenesis of human diseases. The presence of the surface proteins Fim, Briae, and microvesicles enables the bacterium to adhere to the epithelial surface and the tooth’s surface. The presence of leukotoxin A (LtxA), which plays an important role in the pathogenicity of the bacterium, has been associated with both periodontitis and the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A. actinomycetecomitans is also associated with several other systemic diseases and complications, such as endocarditis and different abscesses. In addition to leukotoxin A, A. actinomycetecomitans possesses several different virulence factors, including bacteriocins, chemotaxis inhibitory factors, cytotoxic factors, Fc-binding proteins, immunosuppressive factors, lipopolysaccharide collagenase, fibroblast inhibitory factors, antibiotic resistance determinants, adhesins, invasive factors and factors that inhibit the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The ability of A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide to induce macrophages to secrete the interleukins IL-1, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is of considerable importance. The primary etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is the oral biofilm colonized by anaerobic bacteria. Among these, A. actinomycetemcomitans occupies an important place as a facultative anaerobic bacterium. In addition, A. actinomycetemcomitans possesses many virulence factors that contribute to its potential to cause cancer. This article provides an overview of the virulence factors of A. actinomycetecomitans and its association with various systemic diseases, its oncogenic potential, and the treatment options for infections caused by A. actinomycetecomitans.
Temperature-Driven Activated Sludge Bacterial Community Assembly and Carbon Transformation Potential: A Case Study of Industrial Plants in the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Xu Qingsheng , Jiang Yifan , Wang Jin , Deng Rui , Yue Zhengbo
Published: July 2024

Temperature plays a critical role in the efficiency and stability of industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study focuses on the effects of temperature on activated sludge (AS) communities within the A2O process of 19 industrial WWTPs in the Yangtze River Delta, a key industrial region in China. The investigation aims to understand how temperature influences AS community composition, functional assembly, and carbon transformation processes, including CO2 emission potential. Our findings reveal that increased operating temperatures lead to a decrease in alpha diversity, simplifying community structure and increasing modularity. Dominant species become more prevalent, with significant decreases in the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria, and increases in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Moreover, higher temperatures enhance the overall carbon conversion potential of AS, particularly boosting CO2 absorption in anaerobic conditions as the potential for CO2 emission during glycolysis and TCA cycles grows and diminishes, respectively. The study highlights that temperature is a major factor affecting microbial community characteristics and CO2 fluxes, with more pronounced effects observed in anaerobic sludge. This study provides valuable insights for maintaining stable A2O system operations, understanding carbon footprints, and improving COD removal efficiency in industrial WWTPs.
Microbial Composition of Extracted Dental Alveoli in Dogs with Advanced Periodontitis
Authors: Šakarnytė Laura , Mockeliūnas Raimundas , Šiugždinienė Rita , Merkevičienė Lina , Virgailis Marius , Dailidavičienė Jurgita , Štreimikytė-Mockeliūnė Žaneta , Ruzauskas Modestas
Published: July 2024

Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone supporting the teeth. The aim of the study was to investigate the microbiota using traditional microbiology plating and metagenomic sequencing of extracted tooth alveoli in dogs with severe periodontitis. Isolation of culturable microorganisms was performed as part of bacteriological testing to provide bacteriological diagnosis to veterinary surgeons. Metagenomic sequencing was performed using shotgun sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq system platform. The most prevalent species at sites of periodontal infection detected by metagenomic sequencing were Porphyromonas gulae, Prevotella spp., Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas crevioricanis, Porphyromonas cangingivalis, and Bacteroides heparinolyticus. Pasteurella, Streptococcus, and Neisseria were the most frequently isolated culturable bacteria from infected sites detected by traditional microbiologic methods. Metagenomic data revealed that these three genera accounted for only 1.6% of all microbiota at the sites of infection. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolated bacteria included resistance to ampicillin, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, colistin, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol. Antimicrobial-resistant genes detected using shotgun sequencing also showed resistance to aminoglycosides and macrolides. Dogs with periodontal infections carry bacteria that can cause bite infections in humans as well as multi-resistant isolates. Therefore, treatment and prophylaxis or periodontal disease of dogs is important from a One Health perspective.
Thermal Stability and Heat Transfer of Polyurethanes for Joints Applications of Wooden Structures
Authors: Rutkowski Paweł , Kwiecień Konrad , Berezicka Anna , Sułowska Justyna , Kwiecień Arkadiusz , Śliwa-Wieczorek Klaudia , Azinovic Boris , Schwarzkopf Matthew , Pondelak Andreja , Pečnik Jaka Gašper , Szumera Magdalena
Published: July 2024

Wood characterized by desired mechanical properties and wood joining material is essential for creating wooden structures. The polymer adhesives are suitable for such applications due to the possibility of energy dissipation from stresses generated by wooden structures and the elimination of thermal bridging, which are common problems in metal joining materials. This research focuses on the thermophysical properties of the laboratory-prepared flexible and rigid polyurethanes to select an appropriate polymer adhesive. Our results showed that the highest thermal stability was in the case of the new PSTF-S adhesive, which reached 230 °C, but the lowest mass loss in the air environment was around 54% for the PS material. The mean thermal expansion coefficient for F&R PU adhesives was 124–164∙10−6 K−1. The thermal diffusivity of examined adhesives varied between 0.100 and 0.180 mm2s−1. The thermal conductivity, depending on the type of polyurethane, was in the 0.13–0.29 W∙m−1∙K−1 range. The relative decrease in thermal diffusivity after heating the adhesives to 150 °C was from 2% for materials with the lowest diffusivity to 23% for the PU with the highest value of heat transfer. It was found that such data can be used to simulate wooden construction joints in future research.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)-Based Sensors for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Detection
Authors: Zangana Shireen , Veres Miklós , Bonyár Attila
Published: July 2024

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful technique for the detection and analysis of biomolecules due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. In recent years, SERS-based sensors have received significant attention for the detection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules, offering promising applications in fields such as medical diagnostics, forensic analysis, and environmental monitoring. This paper provides a concise overview of the principles, advancements, and potential of SERS-based sensors for DNA detection. First, the fundamental principles of SERS are introduced, highlighting its ability to enhance the Raman scattering signal by several orders of magnitude through the interaction between target molecules with metallic nanostructures. Then, the fabrication technologies of SERS substrates tailored for DNA detection are reviewed. The performances of SERS substrates previously reported for DNA detection are compared and analyzed in terms of the limit of detection (LOD) and enhancement factor (EF) in detail, with respect to the technical parameters of Raman spectroscopy (e.g., laser wavelength and power). Additionally, strategies for functionalizing the sensor surfaces with DNA-specific capture probes or aptamers are outlined. The collected data can be of help in selecting and optimizing the most suitable fabrication technology considering nucleotide sensing applications with Raman spectroscopy.
Recent Excellent Optoelectronic Applications Based on Two-Dimensional WS2 Nanomaterials: A Review
Authors: Li Changxing , Sang Dandan , Ge Shunhao , Zou Liangrui , Wang Qinglin
Published: July 2024

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a promising material with excellent electrical, magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties. It is regarded as a key candidate for the development of optoelectronic devices due to its high carrier mobility, high absorption coefficient, large exciton binding energy, polarized light emission, high surface-to-volume ratio, and tunable band gap. These properties contribute to its excellent photoluminescence and high anisotropy. These characteristics render WS2 an advantageous material for applications in light-emitting devices, memristors, and numerous other devices. This article primarily reviews the most recent advancements in the field of optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) nano-WS2. A variety of advanced devices have been considered, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), sensors, field-effect transistors (FETs), photodetectors, field emission devices, and non-volatile memory. This review provides a guide for improving the application of 2D WS2 through improved methods, such as introducing defects and doping processes. Moreover, it is of great significance for the development of transition-metal oxides in optoelectronic applications.
Automation of Copper-Mediated 18F-Fluorination of Aryl Pinacol Boronates Using 4-Dimethylaminopyridinium Triflate
Authors: Nadporojskii Mikhail A. , Orlovskaya Viktoriya V. , Fedorova Olga S. , Sysoev Dmitry S. , Krasikova Raisa N.
Published: July 2024

Currently, the copper-mediated radiofluorination of aryl pinacol boronates (arylBPin) using the commercially available, air-stable Cu(OTf)2Py4 catalyst is one of the most efficient synthesis approaches, greatly facilitating access to a range of radiotracers, including drug-like molecules with nonactivated aryl scaffolds. Further adjustment of this methodology, in particular, the [18F]fluoride recovery step for the routine preparation of radiotracers, has been the focus of recent research. In our recent study, an organic solution of 4-dimethylaminopyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (DMAPOTf) was found to be an efficient PTC for eluting radionuclides retained on the weak anion exchange cartridge, Oasis WAX 1cc, employing the inverse sorption–elution protocol. Notably, the following Cu-mediated radiofluorination of arylBPin precursors in the presence of the Cu(OTf)2(Py)4 catalyst can be performed with high efficiency in the same solvent, bypassing not only the conventional azeotropic drying procedure but any solvent replacement. In the current study, we aimed to translate this methodology, originally developed for remote-controlled operation with manual interventions, into the automated synthesis module on the TRACERlab automation platform. The adjustment of the reagent amounts and solvents allowed for high efficiency in the radiofluorination of a series of model arylBPin substrates on the TRACERlab FXFE Pro synthesis module, which was adapted for nucleophilic radiofluorinations. The practical applicability of the developed radiofluorination approach with DMAPOTf elution was demonstrated in the automated synthesis of 6-L-[18F]FDOPA. The radiotracer was obtained with an activity yield (AY; isolated, not decay-corrected) of 5.2 ± 0.5% (n = 3), with a synthesis time of ca. 70 min on the TRACERlab FX N Pro automation platform. The obtained AY was comparable with one reported by others (6 ± 1%) using the same boronate precursor, while a slightly higher AY of 6-L-[18F]FDOPA (14.5 ± 0.5%) was achieved in our previous work using commercially available Bu4NOTf as the PTC.
Effect of Diffusion on the Ultimate Axial Load of Complex-Shaped Al-SiC Samples: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Fathalian Mostafa , Postek Eligiusz , Tahani Masoud , Sadowski Tomasz
Published: July 2024

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) combine metal with ceramic reinforcement, offering high strength, stiffness, corrosion resistance, and low weight for diverse applications. Al-SiC, a common MMC, consists of an aluminum matrix reinforced with silicon carbide, making it ideal for the aerospace and automotive industries. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the mechanical properties of the complex-shaped models of Al-SiC. Three different volume fractions of SiC particles, precisely 10%, 15%, and 25%, are investigated in a composite under uniaxial tensile loading. The tensile behavior of Al-SiC composites is evaluated under two loading directions, considering both cases with and without diffusion effects. The results show that diffusion increases the ultimate tensile strength of the Al-SiC composite, particularly for the 15% SiC volume fraction. Regarding the shape of the SiC particles considered in this research, the strength of the composite varies in different directions. Specifically, the ultimate strength of the Al-SiC composite with 25% SiC reached 11.29 GPa in one direction, and 6.63 GPa in another, demonstrating the material’s anisotropic mechanical behavior when diffusion effects are considered. Young’s modulus shows negligible change in the presence of diffusion. Furthermore, diffusion improves toughness in Al-SiC composites, resulting in higher values compared to those without diffusion, as evidenced by the 25% SiC volume fraction composite (2.086 GPa) versus 15% (0.863 GPa) and 10% (1.296 GPa) SiC volume fractions.
Effect of Encapsulated Phenolic Compounds of Cocoa on Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Antioxidant Activity of Fortified Drinking Yogurt
Authors: Rogalska Milena , Oracz Joanna , Klewicka Elżbieta , Żyżelewicz Dorota
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to obtain drinking yogurts enriched with ACTICOA cocoa powder (ACTICOA), its extract (EACTICOA) and pure phenolics, as well as their inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins and alginate–chitosan (A-Ch) capsules, and to evaluate the effects of these additives on the viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and antioxidant properties of fresh yogurts and yogurts stored for 14 days at 4 °C. The application of cocoa phenolic compounds in free form and in the form of EACTICOA to yogurts resulted in the greatest increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds and a significant improvement in the antioxidant properties of the fortified products. The highest TPC was found in yogurts enriched with free quercetin (107.98 mg CE/g). Yogurt fortified with free gallic acid showed the highest ability to neutralize free radicals (EC50 = 2.74 mg/mg DPPH, EC50 = 5.40 mg/mg ABTS) and reduce ferric ions (183.48 µM Trolox/g). The enrichment of yogurts with the tested phenolic compounds preparations, especially in the form of encapsulates, did not affect the viability of LAB during storage.
Study on the Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Coumarins in Peucedanum decursivum Based on Spatial Metabolomics Combined with Network Pharmacology
Authors: Li Zeyu , Li Qian
Published: July 2024

Peucedanum decursivum (Miq.) Maxim (P. decursivum) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, the root of which is widely used as medicine. Determining the spatial distribution and pharmacological mechanisms of metabolites is necessary when studying the effective substances of medicinal plants. As a means of obtaining spatial distribution information of metabolites, mass spectrometry imaging has high sensitivity and allows for molecule visualization. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MSI) and network pharmacology were used for the first time to visually study the spatial distribution and anti-inflammatory mechanism of coumarins, which are metabolites of P. decursivum, to determine their tissue localization and mechanism of action. A total of 27 coumarins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MSI, which mainly concentrated in the cortex, periderm, and phloem of the root of P. decursivum. Network pharmacology studies have identified key targets for the anti-inflammatory effect of P. decursivum, such as TNF, PTGS2, and PRAKA. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that coumarins in P. decursivum mainly participated in biological processes such as inflammatory response, positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling, chemical carcinogenesis receptor activation, pathways in cancer, and other biological pathways. The molecular docking results indicated that there was good binding between components and targets. This study provides a basis for understanding the spatial distribution and anti-inflammatory mechanism of coumarins in P. decursivum.