bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An easy and safe method of subconjunctival injection of antimetabolites in glaucoma surgery
Authors: Svetozarskiy Sergey N. , Andreev Andrey N. , Shvaikin Alexander V. , Scherbakova Svetlana V. , Sporysheva Anna N.
Published: August 2023

Aim: The use of 5-fluorouracil in glaucoma surgery is associated with a high risk of corneal complications, as even minimal doses of the drug at the ocular surface inhibit corneal epithelial cell division and lead to corneal epitheliopathy and erosion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and functional results of the proposed method of postoperative adjuvant subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil after non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) in comparison with the control group. Methods: Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who underwent NPDS and received at least 1 subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil in the postoperative period were included in a two-group retrospective comparative study. Patients who received a subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil after surgery using the standard technique were included in Group 1; Group 2 included patients who received an injection using the proposed method. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), rate of corneal complications, and number of office visits during the first 4 weeks after surgery were analysed. Results: The compared groups did not differ in demographic characteristics, preoperative BCVA, and IOP parameters. Fluorescein-stained corneal epithelial defects were statistically significantly more frequent in Group 1 compared to Group 2, P < 0.001. Four weeks post NPDS IOP reduction was greater in Group 2, P = 0.042. Mean BCVA loss was 1.9 lines in Group 1 and 1.3 lines in Group 2, P < 0.001. The number of follow-up visits during the first month after surgery was lower in Group 2 than in Group 1, P = 0.002. Conclusions: The proposed method was simple and effective in reducing the risk of corneal epithelial defects after subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil, significantly improving clinical and functional outcomes of NPDS and reducing the need for outpatient visits.
Autophagy in ischemic stroke: role of circular RNAs
Authors: Hong Yiting , Gu Liyuan , Han Bing , Yao Honghong
Published: August 2023

Stroke, a central nervous system (CNS) injury, is responsible for the second leading cause of death in the world, bringing a great burden on the world. Stroke is normally divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, among which ischemic stroke takes up 87% proportion. Accumulating evidence has denoted a rather pivotal role for autophagy in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, which is activated in neuronal cells, glial cells, and endothelial cells. Besides, circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of epigenetic regulation, are highly expressed in the CNS and are involved in the process of CNS diseases, which is regarded as an important molecular mechanism in ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, circRNA and autophagy have a significant correlation. The intracellular signaling pathways regulating autophagy can either restrain or activate autophagy. However, under the circumstances of ischemic stroke, the precise communication between circRNA and stroke is largely unknown. This review aims to provide a summary of the relationship between circRNA, autophagy, and ischemic stroke, as well as the current research advancements in understanding how circRNA regulates autophagy in the context of stroke.
Deep learning based automated epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase status prediction of brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Mahajan Abhishek , B Gurukrishna , Wadhwa Shweta , Agarwal Ujjwal , Baid Ujjwal , Talbar Sanjay , Janu Amit Kumar , Patil Vijay , Noronha Vanita , Mummudi Naveen , Tibdewal Anil , Agarwal JP , Yadav Subash , Kumar Kaushal Rajiv , Puranik Ameya , Purandare Nilendu , Prabhash Kumar
Published: August 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of developing a deep learning (DL) algorithm for classifying brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) into epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement groups and to compare the accuracy with classification based on semantic features on imaging. Methods: Data set of 117 patients was analysed from 2014 to 2018 out of which 33 patients were EGFR positive, 43 patients were ALK positive and 41 patients were negative for either mutation. Convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture efficient net was used to study the accuracy of classification using T1 weighted (T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence, T2 weighted (T2W) MRI sequence, T1W post contrast (T1post) MRI sequence, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI sequences. The dataset was divided into 80% training and 20% testing. The associations between mutation status and semantic features, specifically sex, smoking history, EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement status, extracranial metastasis, performance status and imaging variables of brain metastasis were analysed using descriptive analysis [chi-square test (χ2)], univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis assuming 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: In this study of 117 patients, the analysis by semantic method showed 79.2% of the patients belonged to ALK positive were non-smokers as compared to double negative groups (P = 0.03). There was a 10-fold increase in ALK positivity as compared to EGFR positivity in ring enhancing lesions patients (P = 0.015) and there was also a 6.4-fold increase in ALK positivity as compared to double negative groups in meningeal involvement patients (P = 0.004). Using CNN Efficient Net DL model, the study achieved 76% accuracy in classifying ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutations without manual segmentation of metastatic lesions. Analysis of the manually segmented dataset resulted in improved accuracy of 89% through this model.
Deep learning based clinico-radiological model for paediatric brain tumor detection and subtype prediction
Authors: Mahajan Abhishek , Burrewar Mayur , Agarwal Ujjwal , Kss Bharadwaj , Mlv Apparao , Guha Amrita , Sahu Arpita , Choudhari Amit , Pawar Vivek , Punia Vivek , Epari Sridhar , Sahay Ayushi , Gupta Tejpal , Chinnaswamy Girish , Shetty Prakash , Moiyadi Aliasgar
Published: August 2023

Aim: Early diagnosis of paediatric brain tumors significantly improves the outcome. The aim is to study magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of paediatric brain tumors and to develop an automated segmentation (AS) tool which could segment and classify tumors using deep learning methods and compare with radiologist assessment.
Methods: This study included 94 cases, of which 75 were diagnosed cases of ependymoma, medulloblastoma, brainstem glioma, and pilocytic astrocytoma and 19 were normal MRI brain cases. The data was randomized into training data, 64 cases; test data, 21 cases and validation data, 9 cases to devise a deep learning algorithm to segment the paediatric brain tumor. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of the deep learning model were compared with radiologist’s findings. Performance evaluation of AS was done based on Dice score and Hausdorff95 distance.
Results: Analysis of MRI semantic features was done with necrosis and haemorrhage as predicting features for ependymoma, diffusion restriction and cystic changes were predictors for medulloblastoma. The accuracy of detecting abnormalities was 90%, with a specificity of 100%. Further segmentation of the tumor into enhancing and non-enhancing components was done. The segmentation results for whole tumor (WT), enhancing tumor (ET), and non-enhancing tumor (NET) have been analyzed by Dice score and Hausdorff95 distance. The accuracy of prediction of all MRI features was compared with experienced radiologist’s findings. Substantial agreement observed between the classification by model and the radiologist’s given classification [K-0.695 (K is Cohen’s kappa score for interrater reliability)].
Conclusions: The deep learning model had very high accuracy and specificity for predicting the magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics and close to 80% accuracy in predicting tumor type. This model can serve as a potential tool to make a timely and accurate diagnosis for radiologists not trained in neuroradiology.
Perbedaan Pemberian Penyuluhan Kesehatan terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap (PHBS) pada Ibu Rumah Tangga di Wilayah Kerja Puskemas Pekalongan Selatan
Authors: Sudaryanta Sudaryanta , Artanti Swasti , Ulya Ni’matul
Published: August 2023

Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) merupakan cerminan pola hidup keluarga yang senantiasamemperhatikan dan menjaga kesehatan seluruh anggota keluarga. Mengingat pentingnya PHBS pada tatananrumah tangga, perlu perhatian dengan cara memberikan penyuluhan kesehatan tentang PHBS pada Ibu Rumah Tangga. Ibu mempunyai peran yang sangat besar dalam memberi teladan, pendidikan di suatu keluarga untuk menanamkan PHBS. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Rumah Tangga sebelum dan setelah diberi Penyuluhan Kesehatan tentang PHBS di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pekalongan Selatan Kota Pekalongan. Jenis penelitian menggunakan Metode Pra Eksperimen. Pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner kepada ibu rumah tangga yang berada di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pekalongan Selatan Kota Pekalongan, data diolah dan dianalisa menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Hasil penelitian diperoleh pengetahuan sebelum dilakukan penyuluhan kesehatan dengan presentase tertinggi adalah 44 responden (46.8%) berpengetahuan cukup, sedangkan tingkat pengetahuan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan kesehatan 75 responden (79.8%) berpengetahuan baik. Dari uji statistik Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test didapatkan niali ρ value 0.000 <0.050 artinya bahwa adanya perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu rumah tangga sebelum dan setelah diberikan penyuluhan kesehatan tentang Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat.
Pengetahuan dan Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil Trimester III Dalam Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah di Puskesmas Beringin Raya Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Maulidyanti Anisah Tifani , Sahiratmadja Edhyana K
Published: August 2023

Anemia during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and bleeding. The National Program for the provision of 90 Blood Supplement during pregnancy has been implemented to reduce the incidence of anemia. Based on Riskesdas 2018, the proportion of iron tablets taken was 74.52% for giving <90 tablets. The iron tablets program is still not effective due to insufficient knowledge and low adherence. This study aims to describe the knowledge of pregnant women regarding anemia and adherence of Blood Supplementary Tablets consumption at the Beringin Raya Health Center, Bengkulu City. This study used a descriptive survey method with a cross sectional approach. Sampling technique with purposive sampling. This study describes the knowledge of pregnant women regarding blood supplement tablets consumed during pregnancy. The results showed the majority of pregnant women had knowledge about anemia, the sufficient category, 29 respondents (73%), the less category, 7 (17%), the good category, 4 respondents (10%). Compliance in taking iron tablets with low category 27 respondents (68%), medium category 8 respondents (20%), high category 5 respondents (12%). This research is expected to illustrate the knowledge and compliance of pregnant women is still low regarding anemia and iron supplement tablets.
Hubungan Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Ruangan dengan Motivasi Perawat Pelaksana di Rumah Sakit Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Tahun 2017
Authors: Gurusinga Rahmad , Wulan Sri
Published: August 2023

Kepemimpinan adalah kemampuan untuk memberikan pengaruh yang konstruktif kepada orang lain untuk melakukan satu usaha kooperatif mencapai tujuan yang sudah direncanakan. Motivasi seorang pegawai biasanya ditunjukkan oleh aktivitas yang terusmenerus, dan berorientasikan tujuan. Dimana Tujuan pada  penelitian ini adalah melihat hubungan gaya kepemimpinan kepala ruangan dengan motivasi perawat pelaksana di Rumah Sakit Grandmed Lubuk Pakam. Desain penelitian korelasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif korelatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perawat pelaksana yang bekerja di ruang rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Grandmed Lubuk Pakam. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan simple random sampling. Data diolah secara univariat dan bivariat melalui analisis uji Spearman's rho. Hasil analisis diperoleh probabilitas (p) = 0,000 < α=(0,05) yang berarti Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima yang artinya ada hubungan gaya kepemimpinan kepala ruangan dengan motivasi perawat pelaksana di Rumah Sakit Grandmed Lubuk Pakam. Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik dari penelitian ini adalah gaya kepemimpinan yang baik dapat meningkatkan motivasi kerja yang baik dan demikian juga sebaliknya,gaya kepemimpinan yang kurang dapat menjadikan motivasi perawat yang kurang. Saran yang dapat disampaikan adalah diharapkan supaya kepala ruangan dapat menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan yang baik yang dapat meningkatkan motivasi perawat pelaksana yang bekerja di Rumah Sakit Grandmed Lubuk Pakam, sehingga perawat dapat memberikan yang terbaik dalam pelayanan kesehatan.
Efektifitas Konsumsi Jus Nanas terhadap Penurunan Tinggi Fundus Uteri pada Ibu Nifas di Kota Pekalongan
Authors: Baroroh Ida , Prajayanti Hilda
Published: August 2023

ABSTRAK

 

Masa nifas merupakan masa yang diawali sejak beberapa jam setelah plasenta lahir dan berakhir setelah 6 minggu setelah melahirkan. Perubahan fisiologis yang terjadi pada masa nifas yaitu pengerutan pada uterus yaitu suatu proses kemabalinya uterus ke kondisi semula atau sebelum hamil dengan cara uterus berkontraksi. Proses penurunan tinggi fundus uteri ini dimulai sejak plasenta lahir, apabila proses ini gagal maka disebut sub involusio, sehingga akan memicu terjadi perdarahan pada masa nifas tersebut. Selain pengobatan secara medis, saat ini telah berkembang teknik pengobatan dengan menggunakan tanaman obat. Salah satu tanaman herbal yang dipercaya untuk memperlancar proses penyembuhan atau pemulihan adalah buah nanas. Upaya nonfarmakalogis untuk meningkatkan kontraksi uterus pada ibu post partum adalah dengan mengkonsumsi buah nanas karena kandungan enzim bromelinnya. Bromelin adalah salah satu enzim proteolitik atau protease yang ditemukan pada btanaman nanas (Ananas Comosus (L.Merr)comosus) dan tidak dimiliki oleh buah lainnya. Kandungan bromelin dalam buah nanas paling banyak terdapat di batang dan buah, sedangkan di bagian lain hanya mengandung bromelin dalam jumlah sedikit. Tujuan Penelitian yaitu Mengetahui efektifitas konsumsi jus nanas terhadap penurunan tinggi fundus uteri pada ibu post partum primipara di Kota Pekalongan.Desain Penelian yang digunakan desain penelitian quasi experimental dengan rancangan yang digunakan adalah nonequivalent control group design. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan dua kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan intervensi berupa pemberian jus nanas selama 7 hari yang dicatat pada lembar observasi pemberian jus nanas dan kelompok kontrol diberikan pendidikan kesehatan kebutuhan nutrisis ibu post partum.Hail penelitian diperoleh bahwa Nilai rata-rata penurunan TFU kelompok perlakuan pada kondisi awal mencapai 11,9 cm kemudian mengalami penurunan menjadi 2,5 cm pada hari ketujuh. Rata-rata penurunan TFU kelompok kontrol pada kondisi awal mencapai 14,4 cm kemudian mengalami penurunan menjadi 7,4 cm pada hari ketujuh. Grafik menunjukkan adanya efek dari perlakuan yaitu pemberian jus nanas terhadap penurunan tinggi fundus uteri.
Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Perkembangan Anak Usia 3 – 5 tahun di Posyandu Tawangsari Mojosongo Jebres Surakarta
Authors: Hanifah Lilik , Riawati Danik
Published: August 2023

Abstrak

Masa balita yang disebut dengan golden periode, merupakan masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang paling pesat pada otak manusia, masa ini otak bersifat plastis dibandingkan dengan orang dewasa sehingga balita sangat terbuka dan peka dalam menerima berbagai macam pembelajaran dan pengayaan baik bersifat positif maupun negatif. Oleh karena itu kita harus memberi masukan dan nilai-nilai yang postiif, menghindari masukan yang bersifat negatif dan sedapat mungkin memberikan asupan gizi yang adekuat, memberikan stimulasi yang baik dan benar, serta memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang terbaik bagi anak, sehingga tercapai tumbuh kembang yang optimal.1 Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan perkembangan anak usia 3 – 5 Tahun di Posyandu Tawangsari Mojosongo Jebres Surakarta.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian  adalah anak usia 3 – 5 tahun di Posyandu Tawangsari, Mojosongo, Jebres, Surakarta. Sampel  penelitian sebanyak 40 anak dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan chi square.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  ada hubungan status gizi dengan perkembangan pada anak usia 3 – 5 tahun. Semakin tinggi status gizi anak semakin meningkat pula perkembangan anak. Hubungan tersebut secara statistik signifikan (OR= 2,785). Nilai p value adalah 0.000  berarti terdapat hubungan status gizi dengan perkembangan pada anak usia 3 – 5 tahun.
Lección 8. Teoría general de la organización administrativa
Authors: Caballero Sánchez Rafael
Published: August 2023

SUMARIO: 1. LA ORGANIZACIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA EN GENERAL Y SUS DIMENSIONES: 1.1. La organización administrativa en el conjunto del Derecho administrativo y su relevancia; 1.2. La Constitución como punto de partida; 1.3. La potestad de autoorganización y la relación entre las tareas administrativas y los tipos de organización; 1.4. Las vertientes macro y micro del poder de autoorganización de las Administraciones públicas.—2. LA DIMENSIÓN ORGANIZATIVA MACRO: LOS TIPOS DE ADMINISTRACIONES PÚBLICAS Y SUS ENTIDADES INSTRUMENTALES: 2.1. La tipología de Administraciones públicas; 2.2. El fenómeno de la creación de entidades instrumentales por las Administraciones públicas.—3. LA DIMENSIÓN ORGANIZATIVA MICRO: LOS ÓRGANOS ADMINISTRATIVOS: 3.1. El triple nivel organizativo de persona, órganos y unidades administrativas; 3.2. Los órganos administrativos y sus tipos: 3.2.1. Órganos de gobierno o de dirección política y órganos administrativos; 3.2.2. Órganos centrales, periféricos y extraterritoriales o en el exterior; 3.2.3. Órganos activos, consultivos y de control interno, y sus variedades; 3.2.4. Órganos unipersonales y órganos colegiados.—4. LAS COMPETENCIAS ADMINISTRATIVAS Y SU RÉGIMEN DE EJERCICIO: 4.1 La atribución de competencias; 4.2. Las técnicas de alteración del ejercicio de competencias: 4.2.1. Alteración de la titularidad: transferencia; 4.2.2. Alteración del ejercicio: delegación y sustitución; 4.2.3. Alteración de elementos concretos del ejercicio competencial: encomienda de gestión.—5. BIBLIOGRAFÍA: 5.1. Bibliografía citada; 5.2. Bibliografía complementaria recomendada.
Lección 10. Administraciones y sectores públicos autonómicos
Authors: Nogueira López Alba
Published: August 2023

SUMARIO: 1. EL SISTEMA ADMINISTRATIVO AUTONÓMICO: 1.1. Nacimiento, traspaso de efectivos y medios materiales; 1.2. Diversidad de tipologías organizativas.—2. AUTONOMÍA POLÍTICA, POTESTAD DE AUTOORGANIZACIÓN Y LÍMITES DERIVADOS DE LA LEGISLACIÓN ESTATAL: 2.1. Autonomía política y autoorganización; 2.2. La incidencia de los principios de estabilidad presupuestaria y unidad de mercado en la organización autonómica.—3. LA LEGISLACIÓN DE RÉGIMEN JURÍDICO AUTONÓMICA: 3.1. Las previsiones de los estatutos de autonomía; 3.2. Leyes autonómicas de régimen jurídico de las Administraciones y de sus sectores públicos.—4. LAS ADMINISTRACIONES AUTONÓMICAS: 4.1. Estructura orgánica central y periférica; 4.2. La actividad exterior de las CCAA; 4.3. Algunos procesos de innovación y mejora organizativa en las Administraciones autonómicas.—5. LOS SECTORES PÚBLICOS AUTONÓMICOS. TIPOLOGÍA DE ENTES INSTRUMENTALES.—6. BIBLIOGRAFÍA: 6.1 Bibliografía citada: 6.2. Bibliografía complementaria recomendada.
Lección 14. El funcionamiento interno de las administraciones públicas
Authors: Velasco Rico Clara Isabel
Published: August 2023

SUMARIO: 1. APROXIMACIÓN A LA ACTIVIDAD INTERNA DE LAS ADMINISTRACIONES PÚBLICAS.—2. PRINCIPIOS QUE RIGEN EL FUNCIONAMIENTO INTERNO:  2.1. El principio de servicio efectivo como criterio orientador; 2.2. Principios vinculados a la racionalización y agilización de los procedimientos; 2.3. Principios de objetividad y transparencia de la actuación administrativa; 2.4. Principios orientados a garantizar el control de la actuación administrativa.—3. TIPOS DE ACTIVIDAD ADMINISTRATIVA INTERNA: 3.1. Autoorganización administrativa: 3.1.1. Concepto y atribución de la potestad de autoorganización; 3.1.2. Principios; 3.2. Relaciones interorgánicas: 3.2.1. Instrucciones y órdenes de servicio; 3.2.2 Mecanismos de alteración de competencias; 3.3. Actividad consultiva: 3.3.1. Definición; 3.3.2. El dictamen; 3.4. Actividad de control interno: 3.4.1. Control interno; 3.4.2. Inspección de servicios y los distintos tipos de auditorías; 3.4.3. Control económico–financiero; 3.4.4. De la importancia de los planes y programas de actuación.—4. FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS ÓRGANOS COLEGIADOS.—5. LA ADMINISTRACIÓN ELECTRÓNICA Y LA AUTOMATIZACIÓN DE PROCEDIMIENTOS.—6. BIBLIOGRAFÍA: 6.1. Bibliografía citada; 6.2. Bibliografía complementaria recomendada.
Blimunda Sete-Luas: lucidez na opacidade?
Authors: Teixeira Vanessa Ribeiro
Published: August 2023

Partindo das reflexões de Édouard Glissant em “Para a opacidade”, evoco Blimunda Sete-Luas, personagem-protagonista do Memorial do Conven­to, como aquela que surge trazendo luz aos espaços recônditos da História, marginalizados pelas Leis do seu tempo e espaço, mas respeitando-lhes o segredo, pois o segredo para os oprimidos da História é estratégia de so­brevivência. Minha hipótese é a de que a relação entre a visão singular de Blimunda e o direito à opacidade como uma prática de liberdade e bem­-viver se pode comprovar através da forma como a personagem constrói sua relação de amor com Baltasar Sete-Sóis.
Las Tecnologías de la Comunicación y la Información al servicio de una Educación del buen vivir en el escenario de la Docencia Universitaria
Authors: Madrid Celi Braulio Absalón , Loján Alvarado Julio César , Román Aguilar María Magdalena , Tusa Jumbo Fernanda , Farías Gonsález María José , Maldonado Guerrero Emerson Armando
Published: August 2023

Dentro de la línea temática TIC’s aplicadas a la educación  el presente trabajo de investigación realiza un abordaje exploratorio por las principales teorías sustantivas acerca de las variables: sociedad de la información y el conocimiento, educación contemporánea así como tecnologías de la comunicación y la información, con el fin de conocer cuáles son los aportes, beneficios, oportunidades y bondades de las TICs para la construcción de una educación del buen vivir en el Ecuador. Para ello, se hace revisión de literatura a fin de componer el estado del arte del tema en mención a través de un estudio de contenidos por revistas indexadas, documentación oficial de TICs y educación, análisis bibliográfico y análisis de contenido. Como conclusión se infiere que es necesario el empoderamiento de las TICs en el proceso dinámico de educación en las aulas porque es justamente la juventud la que debería tomar el liderazgo de cambiar el significado de educación 2.0. Es decir, nos centramos en un nuevo paradigma de cómo debería ser el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del siglo XXI: vincular, a través de la ciencia, la formación del humanismo y las TICs dentro de la búsqueda de soluciones a los más diversos problemas de la vida humana, construyendo una propuesta de buen vivir más cercana a nuestro contexto como ciudadanos con derechos y obligaciones a cumplir..
Causas de la deserción estudiantil según estudiantes desertores de dos unidades académicas en la Universidad Nacional de Concepción
Authors: Leguizamon Ángel Leonardo , Ibarra de Leguizamon Angela Cynthia Elizabeth
Published: August 2023

Esta investigación corresponde a un enfoque de tipo cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo, diseño no experimental cuyo objetivo general es identificar las Causas de la Deserción Estudiantil según estudiantes desertores de dos Unidades Académicas en la Universidad Nacional de Concepción. Se trabajó con un 40% de la totalidad de estudiantes desertores de dos Unidades Académicas en la Universidad Nacional de Concepción (Carrera de Lic. En Ciencias de la Educación de la Facultad de Humanidades y Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias). Las dimensiones analizadas fueron: Personales, institucionales y socioeconómicas. Para la recolección de datos se diseñó un cuestionario con 30 Ítems con tres frecuencias: Altamente, Medianamente, Muy poco, Nada.  Se obtuvo una consistencia interna adecuada, que indica la confiabilidad de los ítems para los cuestionarios en las muestras de participantes (desertores). Los resultados mostraron que los factores de riesgo para la deserción académica son predominantemente institucionales, posteriormente se encuentran los socios económicos y con una baja distribución porcentual están los factores personales.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO ESTADO NUTRICIONALNO PROCESSO DE ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Duarte B.C. , Tolentino G.P. , Tolentino J.A. , Venâncio P.E.M.
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: Este trabalho possui como principal objetivo analisar sobre a influência do estado nutricional no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa entre fevereiro, março e abril de 2023. Buscou-se artigos revisados por pares nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. As bases de dados consultadas foram Scopus (Elsevier), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Education Resources Information Center (Eric). Os descritores utilizados foram: nutritional status AND academic performance, estado nutricional AND rendimento acadêmico e estado nutricional AND desempenho acadêmico. Resultados: A análise foi composta por 22 estudos, sendo 19 em inglês e 3 em espanhol, entre os anos de 2013 e 2023. Dos resultados encontrados 86,3% (n = 19) apresentaram relação positiva entre estado nutricional (desnutrição, obesidade e deficiência de micronutrientes) e desempenho acadêmico e apenas 13,6 %( n = 3) não encontraram correlação entre estado nutricional e desempenho acadêmico. Conclusão: Os achados indicam associação entre alterações no estado nutricional (desnutrição, deficiência de micronutrientes e excesso de peso) e baixo desempenho acadêmico, destacando a alimentação como um aspecto essencial para o desenvolvimento físico e mental do indivíduo, demonstrando forte influência no processo de ensino aprendizagem.
USO DA ANTICONCEPÇÃO DE EMERGÊNCIA
Authors: Salvino Katielly Santos Silva , Silva Sophia Ribeiro , Coelho Viviane Amaral Toledo , Nascimento Ednardo de Souza , Machado Anna Lethicia de Oliveira , de Araújo Luanna Botelho Souto , Sobral Lívia Telis , Bigatello Creonice Santos , Coelho Thomaz , Reis Leonardo Henrique  Guimarães
Published: August 2023

O Contraceptivo de Emergência é concentrado hormonal que, a partir de diferentes vias, dificulta a fecundação do ovócito, sendo essencial para a prevenção de uma gravidez indesejada. Em geral, deve-se ingerir até 72 horas após a relação sexual para melhor eficiência. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa visa os relatar e desmitificar questões acerca da utilização e ação do método de anticoncepção de emergência. Para isso, o trabalho teórico baseou-se em resultados de pesquisas anteriores, sendo escolhidos por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2021. Foi apontado benefícios e malefícios presentes nesse método de contracepção na prevenção contra uma gestação não planejada. Constatou-se que as jovens são as que mais utilizam a contracepção de emergência com o objetivo de aumentar a proteção ou suprir alguma falha dos métodos tradicionais. Contudo, o conhecimento acerca do medicamento ainda é muito escasso e, consequentemente, prejudica a efetividade por meio do uso incorreto e aumenta quase 4 vezes as chances de uma gravidez indesejada. Além disso, fatores como baixa renda e escolaridade elevam a probabilidade da manipulação incorreta da pílula, que é um indicativo de desinteresse público no fornecimento de informações acerca dos métodos contraceptivos.
AVALIAÇÃO DO CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DURANTE O DISTANCIAMENTO SOCIAL DEVIDO À PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 EM BELO HORIZONTE, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Pereira Telma Teixeira , Pereira Ana Paula Girundi , Lemos Raquel Torres , Sette Nayara Salgado Vieira
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: Analisar o consumo alimentar durante o distanciamento social em adultos residentes em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Metodologia: Foi utilizado um questionário autoaplicável com questões retiradas da VIGITEL 2019 e outras relacionadas ao estresse e comportamento alimentar. Os participantes receberam o link do questionário no Google forms via mídias sociais, esses eram entre a faixa dos 20 aos 59 anos de idade, que se enquadraram aos critérios de inclusão do estudo. Os critérios de exclusão foram: grávidas, alcoolista, fumantes, pessoas em tratamento dietético e/ou uso medicação psiquiátrica, indivíduos diagnosticados com transtorno alimentar e/ou com a COVID-19 durante a pandemia, além da população que não permaneceu em distanciamento social, saindo para atividades de natureza social. O cálculo amostral foi de 439 entrevistados feito com base em um tamanho de efeito de 0,10; valor esse calculado através de uma amostra piloto com o poder do teste de 80% e intervalo de confiança de 90%, a computação amostral foi realizada pelo programa GPower versão 3.1 . Resultados: Um total de 382 pessoas responderam ao questionário, destes 68% eram do sexo feminino e 32% do sexo masculino. Cerca de 69% estavam na faixa etária entre 20 e 29 anos de idade e 40,4% dos participantes possuíam ensino superior incompleto. Observou-se o aumento do consumo de doces, massas e ultraprocessados relacionados com o estresse pelas mulheres; já na população masculina observou-se o consumo inferior destes alimentos. A ingestão de hortaliças apresentada pelos participantes foi inferior ao resultado da VIGITEL de 2019, já o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi superior. Conclusão: A pandemia causada pela COVID-19 levou a alterações nas práticas alimentares da população de Belo Horizonte, observando-se a diminuição da frequência do consumo de alimentos in-natura e minimamente processados e o aumento da ingestão de alimentos industrializados, relacionados ao estresse.
RELATÓRIO DE AVALIAÇÃO DA COOPERAÇÃO SUL-SUL DE FORTALECIMENTO DA AUTORIDADE SANITÁRIA DO HAITI: UM ESTUDO META-AVALIATIVO
Authors: Moraes Renato Miguel de , Oliveira Helen Cristina Araújo de , Orlando Filho Ovidio
Published: August 2023

Este estudo tem por objetivo apresentar uma meta-avaliação da Avaliação da Cooperação Sul-Sul de Fortalecimento da Autoridade Sanitária do Haiti (PRODOC BRA10/005), requerido pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento, tendo como objeto de estudo, o seu relatório final. O caminho metodológico seguido foi centrado nas boas práticas avaliativas discriminadas por Jane Davidson, por meio dos cinco critérios fundamentais por ela elaborados. Dentre os resultados alcançados destaca-se que os problemas localizados mais relevantes se relacionaram à disponibilização dos dados utilizados para a confecção da documentação da avaliação. Dentre as recomendações apresentadas, destaca-se a necessidade da apresentação de como o planejamento da avaliação foi realizado, contribuindo com um maior conhecimento de aspectos como planejamento dos processos, contexto da avaliação, previsão de custos, entre outros.
THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN PALM SWAMPS ENVIRONMENTS IN BRAZIL
Authors: Alves R.A. , Oliveira C.V. , Ribeiro S.R.
Published: August 2023

Palm swamps are characterized as topographic depressions with minimal slope, resulting in poor drainage and low energy flow conditions. In Brazil, they are found in the Cerrado biome and certain savannah enclaves within the Amazon region. These environments foster the formation of palm swamp soils under hydromorphic conditions, although the behavior patterns of these soils remain inadequately discussed. In this study, we have selected ten Palm swamps soil profiles described and documented in theses, dissertations, and articles to elucidate the primary attributes prevalent in these soils. The findings reveal a predominantly sandy texture across most horizons. These soils are identified as dystrophic, displaying an average pH value of 4.64 in H2O, and exhibit a positive correlation between cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter, with an average organic matter content of 121.21 gkg-1. Additionally, the soils demonstrate high aluminum saturation, influenced by the nutrient-deficient parent material, which has been subjected to extensive leaching processes. This nutrient paucity is evident in the vegetation, which has adapted to these environments' anaerobic and acidic conditions.
ASPECTOS BIOÉTICOS DO ATENDIMENTO AS MULHERES VÍTIMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL
Authors: Lima Rhafaella R R , Lira Elisandra M , Souza Aíne M , Lopes Allana K S , Smielewski Douglas C , Macedo Kaique da S , Araújo Karoline N , Oliveira Leandra P A , Galera Luciano F , Cruz Jene Greyce O
Published: August 2023

A Organização Mundial da Saúde reconhece a violência como um grave problema de saúde pública, além de constituir uma violação dos direitos humanos. Sendo assim, este estudo tem como objetivo apontar os principais conflitos bioéticos relacionados ao cotidiano de atendimento a essas vítimas. Foi realizado uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa da literatura, na plataforma Google Acadêmico, aplicando-se os descritores: “Violência Sexual” AND “Bioética” AND “Assistência”. Em que foram selecionados cinco (5) artigos científicos para a avaliação e detecção dos principais conflitos éticos vivenciados nos serviços de atendimento á mulheres vítimas de violência sexual. Após realizada análise do conteúdo de cada publicação, foi possível elencar pontos cruciais para a avaliação dos aspectos bioéticos, sendo eles o “Não reconhecimento ou Invisibilidade da violência sexual”, a “Violência Institucional e Interpessoal no acolhimento à mulher” e o “Aborto Legal”. A luz da Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos, como norteadora, e do Código de Ética Médica, pode-se apontar os seguintes conflitos entre a prerrogativa da Bioética e a pratica vivenciada na assistência as mulheres vítimas de violência sexual: Princípio da dignidade humana e direitos humanos, Principio do benefício e dano, Princípio da autonomia e responsabilidade individual, Princípio do respeito pela vulnerabilidade humana e integridade pessoal, por fim o Princípio da não discriminação e não estigmatização. Através dos resultados obtidos, ressalta-se a necessidade de uma ampla discussão e sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos na assistência a mulheres vítimas de violência sexual.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE OS DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS DO EMPREENDEDORISMO FEMININO NAS MÍDIAS SOCIAIS A PARTIR DE UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO IFMT - CAMPUS BARRA DO GARÇAS
Authors: Silva e Silva Felipe Deodato da , Santos Munyque Lorany Ribeiro dos , Santos Lirian Keli dos , Campos Anelise Rondon de
Published: August 2023

Nos últimos anos, o acesso às Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) por parte de empresas e consumidores consolidou o mercado digital no Brasil. As redes sociais são importantes canais que facilitam a oferta de produtos e serviços na internet, porém o conhecimento sobre empreendedorismo e marketing digital nem sempre está facilmente disponível à população, especialmente, à parcela com maior vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Este capítulo busca refletir sobre como o empreendedorismo pelas mídias sociais influencia as transformações sociais e econômicas de mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade. Para isso, foi realizada uma formação inicial em “Empreendedorismo Feminino nas Mídias Sociais” desenvolvida pelo IFMT - Campus Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso. Em função da atual pandemia do COVID-19, a oferta do curso se deu de forma remota, de agosto a outubro de 2021, totalizando 120 horas. Tivemos 251 inscrições e 60 chamadas para matrícula, sendo 38 matrículas efetivadas. O texto relata as experiências e dificuldades enfrentadas pelas empreendedoras e tece breves reflexões a respeito dos desafios do empreendedorismo feminino nas mídias sociais.
AVALIAÇÃO DO RISCO DE SUICÍDIO EM ACADÊMICOS DAS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS E ARTES
Authors: Alves LDS , Damaceno MJCF , RIBEIRO EA , BISETTO VCQ , DUARTE DO
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: O presente projeto avaliou o risco de suicídio em acadêmicos das áreas das Ciências Sociais Aplicadas e Artes de uma instituição de ensino superior de Assis/SP. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal, analítico e descritivo. A população foi composta por 1.327 alunos matriculados, em 2019, nos cursos de humanidades. Após o cálculo amostral pela fórmula de Fisher e Balle, chegou-se ao valor de 82 alunos. Desses, 61 acadêmicos (74,4%) cursavam Direito, seis (7,3%) administração, sete (8,5%) Ciências Contábeis, seis (7,3%) Publicidade e Propaganda e, por fim, dois alunos (2,4%) Fotografia. Aplicou- se o terceiro módulo do Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview – M.I.N.I - para classificar o risco de suicídio em “baixo”, “moderado” e “alto”. Ministrou-se, também, questionário socioeconômico com 27 questões. Resultados: 53 alunos (64,6%) tiveram baixo risco de suicídio, 13 (15,9%) moderado e 16 (19,5%) elevado. Dentre as variáveis, notou-se significativo a relação entre o risco moderado/elevado de suicídio com o histórico de suicídio familiar (p= 0,005; RR= 2,366) e diagnóstico de transtorno mental (p= 0,001; RR= 2,689). Conclusão: os estudantes das Ciências Sociais Aplicadas e Artes tiveram maior história de autocídio familiar e/ou receberam diagnóstico psiquiátrico são mais propensos ao suicídio. Além disso, os dados sugerem que o consumo de álcool (p= 0,555; RR=0,840) e o fato de não ter filhos (p= 0,823; RR= 0,875) são fatores protetivos.
HIV vaccines: Lessons from basic research, clinical trials, and public policy
Authors: Saiz Andrew C. , Farenhem Kelsey L.
Published: August 2023

Forty years since its discovery in 1983, HIV/AIDS still lacks a cure, despite advances in biomedicine that have dramatically improved global understanding of the virus’s biology. Decades of research and improvements to clinical trial infrastructure have promoted the development of novel vaccines for HIV, but these vaccines have shown limited efficacy. The landmark clinical trial “RV144” in Thailand (2003) showed modest efficacy of an HIV vaccine for the first time ever, sparking the formation of public-private partnerships and a wave of other HIV vaccine clinical trials. Around two decades later, the COVID-19 pandemic provided an impetus to move vaccine technology forward and exposed areas for improvement in vaccine and clinical-trial infrastructure. Looking at historical examples from both HIV and COVID-19 research, vaccine trials, and global statistics, it is clear that a successful vaccination campaign will require generous funding, collaboration, clinical trial infrastructure, sharing of data and resources amongst researchers, and policy based on scientific evidence and ethics. Such a successful campaign will also require overcoming several hurdles, such as delivering vaccines to individuals in countries with underdeveloped health care systems and both demographic and geographic disparities in access to care. The perspectives in this article are apropos given the recent development of HIV vaccines that have entered clinical trials.
Decarbonizing aviation: The roles of sustainable aviation fuels and hydrogen fuel
Authors: Mannava Vennela , Velautham Leela
Published: August 2023

As the aviation sector is projected to continue growing in the coming decades, so too are its greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impacts. Improvements to the efficiency of jet fuel-powered airplanes have dominated past emissions reduction efforts, but increasingly diminishing efficiency improvements now motivate the transition to alternative fuels. This article reviews two major classes of such fuels. Sustainable aviation fuels encompass a broad array of drop-in fuels with operational similarities to traditional jet fuel that show promise as a short-term solution. Hydrogen fuel shows promise as a long-term, carbon-free fuel, requiring more technology development and infrastructure changes. This article also presents an overview of the policy actions undertaken to aid both immediate and future deployment of these alternative fuels toward decarbonizing aviation.
Unlocking the potential of psychedelics as medicine: Past obstacles and future outlooks
Authors: Kim Sharon Y. , Collins Rayven-Nikkita , Teng Jimmy , Kalinowski Leanna
Published: August 2023

Psychedelic compounds are known to exert profound effects on the mind and have been used by humanity for centuries. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the therapeutic potential of these compounds, particularly when integrated with psychotherapy, to treat psychiatric conditions. Psychedelics may also have the potential to drive transformative advancements in the field of medicine, transcending the boundaries of psychiatry. This resurgence in interest can be attributed to a series of clinical studies that have showcased the compounds’ therapeutic effects, safety profiles, and mechanisms of action. Yet, our understanding of the medicinal potential of psychedelics is still in its nascent stages. The historically negative perceptions of these substances, along with legal and regulatory obstacles, have posed challenges for researchers and institutions seeking to conduct rigorous scientific studies. Nevertheless, in recent years, there has been a growing shift in attitudes and increased interest in unlocking the therapeutic potential of these compounds, prompting a reevaluation of their role in medical research and treatment. Now, policies and initiatives designed to enhance access to these substances have important ethical, public safety, healthcare access, and equity implications. This review seeks to provide an overview of psychedelics while delving into funding trends, policies, and initiatives poised to drive the field toward new horizons.
Technologists as policy advisors: A conversation with Dr. Arati Prabhakar
Authors: Gehred Natalie D. , Petersen Luke
Published: August 2023

MIT Science Policy Review spoke with Dr. Arati Prabhakar about the role scientists and engineers play in public policy. Dr. Prabhakar is the Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), where she works to harness “the power of science, technology, and innovation to achieve America’s greatest aspirations” [1]. In her current role, Dr. Prabhakar is the President’s Chief Advisor for Science and Technology, a member of the President’s Cabinet, and co-chair of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). Previously, Dr. Prabhakar served as the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Between Directorships, Dr. Prabhakar worked to advance innovation in the private sector as an industry executive and venture capitalist, focusing on early-stage semiconductors and cleantech. In 2019, Dr. Prabhakar co-founded Actuate, a nonprofit research and development organization tackling issues in climate change, data security, and health outcomes. We spoke with Dr. Prabhakar about her career journey to OSTP and how the White House guides U.S. scientific and technological priorities.
La Terre mère (Papatūānuku) et ses filles
Authors: Renard Lisa
Published: August 2023

Quand en Grèce, Déméter est mère nourricière, en Nouvelle-Zélande Aotearoa, Papatūānuku est source de vie, mère de toutes les entités qui composent et habitent l’univers. Dans la cosmogonie māori, chaque entité est connectée aux autres parce qu’elle s’inscrit dans une continuité généalogique avec les ancêtres primordiaux : Papatūānuku (la Terre mère), Ranginui (le Ciel père) et leurs enfants, auxquels tant de discours féministes et écologistes contemporains font aujourd’hui référence. Cet article s’intéresse aux relectures féministes de la cosmogonie māori afin d’examiner les places et les fonctions de la Terre mère et de ses filles, les wāhine, dans un pays marqué par la colonisation britannique, et ainsi interroger la question du féminin et du masculin dans la société māori à travers les âges.
Juger ailleurs, juger autrement - La justice restaurative s'invite dans l'espace public
Authors: Salas Denis
Published: August 2023

Cet article commente le film français « Je verrai toujours vos visages » de Jeanne Herry (2023) qui présente sous forme de fiction deux expériences de justice restaurative en France : un cercle de parole entre auteurs et victimes de violences et une rencontre entre une jeune fille et son frère ayant été jugé pour inceste sur sa personne. Il analyse le choc des perceptions de la violence selon qu'elle est subie ou commise, la part des temporalités engagée dans la démarche restaurative et l'antagonisme relatif entre les formes étatiques et sociétales de justice. Ces rencontres permettent d'humaniser l'agresseur, de donner une perspective à la peine qu'il subit, de réduire l'offense faite aux victimes, bref de redonner sens aux parcours de vie.
L’éducation à l’environnement au cœur des territoires
Authors: Villaumé Frédéric
Published: August 2023

Accompagner, former, sensibiliser… telles sont quelques-unes des missions du GRAINE, réseau de l’éducation à l’environnement et au développement durable (EEDD) en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Frédéric Villaumé, son directeur, explique la nécessité et l’urgence de prendre conscience des enjeux environnementaux et de s’impliquer dans la transition écologique de chaque territoire, y compris les quartiers populaires.
La santé au cœur des transitions
Authors: Donjon Julie , Pelosse Lucie
Published: August 2023

La santé est une dimension essentielle de la transformation sociétale nécessaire pour affronter les crises sociales, écologiques et sanitaires. Ainsi, Julie Donjon et Lucie Pelosse, référentes régionales santé mentale et santé environnement à l’IREPS Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, expliquent qu’il ne peut y avoir de transition sans (re)considération de la santé et appellent, en guise d’étape préalable, à nous interroger sur nos représentations de la santé.
Vélo en quartier : faciliter la mobilité à vélo
Authors: Robin Nathalie
Published: August 2023

Vélo en quartier, association créée en 2018 dans le quartier prioritaire Tarentaize-Beaubrun à Saint-Étienne, propose différentes activités autour du cycle : vélo-école, réemploi de vélos récupérés en déchèteries et revendus à prix engagés, accompagnement à la réparation de son vélo, création de clubs pour s’encourager en ville et sortir du quartier… Samira, Sarra et Marion, techniciennes cycles, reviennent sur la vocation de l’association et leur engagement pour faire du vélo un moyen de solidarité sociale et de participation citoyenne.
« Faut pas rêver » : des petites histoires de vie à la Maison de l’Orée
Authors: Saladin Catherine
Published: August 2023

J’explique le devenir d’enfants autistes ou psychotiques vers l’adolescence, accueillis dans un hôpital de jour en Essonne dirigé par Tony Lainé. Soignants et parents se préoccupent de ceux qui ne peuvent réintégrer le circuit scolaire ou professionnel. Ils créent ensemble une association qui promeut la création de petits lieux de vie dans la cité, pour lutter contre l’exclusion de ces personnes de la société humaine et favoriser des situations adaptées à chacun dans sa singularité.