bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score for Predicting Cardiovascular Events: A Nationwide Population-Based Study from Korea
Authors: Jang Yo Nam , Lee Jun Hyeok , Moon Jin Sil , Kang Dae Ryong , Park Seong Yong , Cho Jerim , Kim Jang-Young , Huh Ji Hye
Published: January 2021

Background: Recently, a metabolic syndrome severity score (MS score) using a dataset of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys has been developed. We aimed to determine whether the newly developed score is a significant predictor of cardiovascular (CV) events among the Korean population.Methods: From the Korean National Health Insurance System, 2,541,364 (aged 40 to 59 years) subjects with no history of CV events (ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction [MI]), who underwent health examinations from 2009 to 2011 and were followed up until 2014 to 2017, were identified. Cox proportional hazard model was employed to investigate the association between MS score and CV events. Model performance of MS score for predicting CV events was compared to that of conventional metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria (Adult Treatment Program III [ATP-III]) using the Akaike information criterion and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results: Over a median follow-up of 6 years, 15,762 cases of CV events were reported. MS score at baseline showed a linear association with incident CV events. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing the highest versus lowest quartiles of MS score were 1.48 (1.36 to 1.60) for MI and 1.89 (1.74 to 2.05) for stroke. Model fitness and performance of the MS score in predicting CV events were superior to those of ATP-III.Conclusion: The newly developed age- and sex-specific continuous MS score for the Korean population is an independent predictor of ischemic stroke and MI in Korean middle-aged adults even after adjusting for confounding factors.
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH
Authors: Islam Serajul , Mamun Abdullahil , Islam K. M. Anwarul , Uddin Mohammad Rahim , Sultana Tania
Published: January 2021

Studies suggest several issues and challenges of financial management practices in Islamic banks and insurance companies and Islamic non-bank financial institutions (INBFIs) in Bangladesh. The purpose of the research is to examine the issues and challenges of Islamic Financial Management (IFM) from an empirical perspective. The study relies on a structured questionnaire survey in prominent Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) of Bangladesh for achieving its objective. After confirming data reliability based on Cronbach's alpha, the study proceeds to analyse by applying descriptive statistics and principal component factor analysis using correlation, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's Test and VARIMAX Rotation. The study finds that there is no separate regulatory framework to supervise and monitor IFIs in Bangladesh rather the central bank regulates the Islamic financial system based on the existing laws and regulations of the conventional financial system. The findings of this study suggest that the government should establish a separate regulatory body for monitoring the IFI’s functions so that they can perform their activities smoothly in the congenial environment in Bangladesh.

JEL Classification Codes: G10, G21, G23.
Perbaikan Proses Kerja Menggunakan Metode SIx Sigma Pada Bagian Pemasaran Kantor Pos Bandung
Authors: Purnomo Agus
Published: January 2021

Proses Kerja di bagian Pemasaran PT Pos Indonesia penting dilakukan dengan baik karena aktivitas ini berhubungan dengan pelayanan terhadap pelanggan. Saat ini banyak terdapat keluhan-keluhan dari pelanggan terkait proses kerja yang berdampak merugikan pelanggan dan juga PT Pos Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan perbaikan proses kerja pada Bagian Pemasaran Kantor Pos Bandung dengan Metode Six Sigma dalam upaya meningkatkan pelayanan kepada pelanggan. Permasalahan yang menjadi prioritas utama untuk diperbaiki adalah Kesalahan External id pada penginputan ke Ipos-Web yang berdampak pada ketidakpuasan konsumen dan berdampak pada neraca, backsheet maupun tagihan yang akan dilakukan oleh PT Pos Indonesia. Upaya yang perlu dilakukan untuk memperbaiki Kesalahan External id yaitu : perlunya peningkatan peran Manajer dalam melakukan pengawasan kerja, perlunya briefing sebelum pekerjaan dimulai, adanya reward dan punishment untuk meningkatkan produktivitas staf, membuat daftar Kode External Id Customer yang ditempatkan di meja entri komputer, serta peningkatan kapasitas bandwith dan perluasan akses internet.
Source and Reservoir Characteristics of the Eocene Mangahewa Formation in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: Their implications on petroleum system
Authors: Ragab Shalaby Mohamed , Jumat Nurhazwana , Islam Md Aminul , Kalaitzidis Stavros
Published: January 2021

The Middle to Late Eocene Mangahewa Formation in the Taranaki Basin has been evaluated for its petroleum system (source potential and reservoir qualities). The Mangahewa Formation is generally interpreted as an alternating  marginal to shallow marine environment, with lithologies consisting of sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and bitumonius coal. The pyrolysis results show very good source rock generative potential with total organic carbon content of 0.8-90.02 wt. % and hydrogen index values in the range of 54- 491 mg HC/g TOC, with a predominance of oil- and/or gas-prone, mixed Type II-III kerogen. Organic petrographical data reveal that the humic nature of coals being rich in perhydrous vitrinite whereas shales are rich in alginite and bituminite desplaying frequent of migrabitumens. Biomarker analysis suggests predominantly terrigenous origin, whereas pyrolysis Tmax data (414–447°C) and other maturity indicators such as biomarkers and vitrinite reflectance indicates immature and mature samples. Petrographic analyses show that the occurrence of compaction and cementation is succeeded by leaching of feldspars and dissolution of calcite cement. The reservoir samples exhibit largely good reservoir quality with porosity being the dominant feature. The average porosity value is 15.7%, with 21.4% average water saturation. The source and reservoir units are part of a complete petroleum system of the Mangahewa Formation, with the overlying Turi Formation seal rock. The petroleum processes of maturation, generation, and migration which started since Lower Miocene (18.8 Ma) have been recorded in many stratigraphic traps within the Mangahewa Formation or other faulted structural traps due to migration. The generation process is expected to continue to the present day as the source continues to attain maturity while it does not yet reach the peak generation.
Consolidation Properties of Ho Chi Minh City Soil, Vietnam
Authors: Luan Vo Nhat
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the experimental results of consolidation properties of soft soil in Ho Chi Minh City of Vietnam. Forty-two samples were collected from different locations and were determined in the laboratory by Oedometer test. The results showed that the coefficient of consolidation of soft soil varies from 0.052.10-3 to 3.3.10-3cm2/s, otherwise the compression index changes from 0.156 to 1.703, soil is in a normally consolidated or over the consolidated state. These properties also change differently with depth. It also indicated that the compressive index of soft soil has a fine linear relationship with the liquid limit، water content, and void ratio. The coefficient of consolidation of soft soil decreases with the increase of compression pressure. These parameters are basic for calculating the settlement of underground structures in Ho Chi Minh City.
Manufacturing Perforated and Ordinary Bricks Using Injana Claystone Exposed in The Middle of Iraq
Authors: Awad Ali
Published: January 2021

This study aims to use claystone beds exposed in the Injana Formation (Late Miocene) at Karbala-Najaf plateau, middle of Iraq for the manufacturing of perforated and ordinary bricks. The claystone samples were assessed as an alternative material of the recent sediments, which are preferred to remain as agricultural land. The claystones are sandy mud composing of 29.1 - 39.1% clay, 37.2 - 54.8% silt and 14.1-26.8% sand. They consist of kaolinite, illite, chlorite, palygorskite, and montmorillonite with a lot of quartz, calcite, dolomite, gypsum and feldspar. Claystone samples were characterized by linear shrinkage 0.01 - 0.1%, volume shrinkage 0.1 - 0.9%, bulk density 1.2 - 2.11gm/cm3 (1.68 g / cm3 average), and the efflorescence is varied from low to nil. The claystones are accordingly considered as a suitable material for the manufacture of perforated and ordinary bricks in grades A and B based on Iraqi Standard specifications No. 25 (ISS, 1993).
Synthesis of Industrial Ceramic (Cordierite) from Iraqi Raw Materials Through Solid-State Sintering Method
Authors: Najim Mojahid
Published: January 2021

This study uses Iraqi raw materials (Western Desert) which include: Urdhuma silica sand, Duekhla kaolinitic claystone, flint clay, porcelanite, and karst bauxite, alongside other materials (pure silica created as by-product of Qaim phosphate manufacturing processes.), amorphous silica (silica from rice husk ash), Mg (OH)2, and MgCO3. The raw materials have been crushed and milled into sizes smaller than 45µ except the silica sand and kaolin that have been miled into different sizes 20 and 45 µ. Twenty-seven mixtures of different proportions were prepared from the above-mentioned materials. Ninety-two disk samples were formed by semi-dry pressing using the pressing force of 1000 kg/cm2. Those test samples were dried and fired at the temperatures of 1100, 1200, and 1300 ̊°C with temperature rises 50 °C/h and the soaking time of 2 h. X-ray diffraction of those samples shows a difference in the mineral structure according to the firing temperature and the chemical composition of the mixtures. The samples containing the mixtures of 70% Kaolin, 5% pure silica (Qaim), and 25% Magnesite that were fried at the temperature of 1300 ̊°C entirely consist of Cordierite.
A Subsurface Geologic Feature Inferred from Relocation of Local Earthquakes in Al-Refaei District, Southern Iraq
Authors: Ramthan Ali
Published: January 2021

For the last two decades, the District of Al-Refaei, southern Iraq, experienced several small to moderate size earthquakes that seem to be clustered in a relatively small area. The initial locations of these earthquakes from the available local and international bulletins show scattered events without any clear structural patterns. A seven-elements seismic array was installed for the period 2014 to 2018 to monitor this activity. Each element of the array consists of three-component Geospace GS11d high-frequency (4.5 Hz) geophone, a solar system power source, and telemetry communications system to transmit data to a central recording station. During the period of monitoring, the array recorded more than 56 earthquakes having a range of magnitude between 1.5 ML to 4.7 mb. Large number of the low magnitude earthquakes were not detected by other monitoring agencies; however, they were recorded by the array. Fifty-six of the most clearly recorded earthquakes were screened for relocation and analysis. Out of the 56 screened earthquakes, 35 were detected by the array alone. The majority of the selected earthquakes having their initial locations within the array. This improves the relocation process and increase accuracy. The relocated earthquakes express a clear pattern of a linear feature which strikes in the northwest-southeast direction. The direction of the newly inferred pattern coincides with the general tectonic setting of Iraq as it is parallel to Zagros suture zone and the general stress regime of the Arabian Plate. The depth of the relocated earthquakes ranges from about 3.9km to 8.9km. This indicates that these earthquakes occur along a shallow subsurface fault that was not mapped before.
An Attempt to Image Um El-Adam Cavity Structure in the Karst Terrain at Hit Area, Western Iraq
Authors: Abed Ali
Published: January 2021

Um El-Adam cavity is one of the well-known cavities inside gypsum rocks in the Hit region, western Iraq, where this was chosen as a case study to evaluate 3D resistivity imaging technique detection and imaging of this type of cavity in complicated lithology. 3D view fulfilled by collating four 2D resistivity-imaging lines. The 2D resistivity imaging survey was carried out by Dipole-Dipole array with (n) factor and electrode spacing (a) of 6 and 2m, respectively. Both conventional inversion methods obtained the 2D and 3D models: standard least-squares and robust constrain options. The two options were able to define clearly the cave, but the second was more accurate, the dimensions of the cave in the inverse model closer to the actual dimensions. Horizontal slices displayed the final 3D model to reveal a 3D resistivity distribution with depth. The effect of Um El-Adam cavity appears after 1.5 m on the model slices, which is represented by increasing resistivity contrast compared to surrounding sediments. At the seventh and eighth slices, it was found that the size of the cavity exceeded compared with the actual dimensions. The results of this study indicated the high potential of this method for the detection and delineation of subterranean caves.
Detection of the Impact of Climate Change on Desertification and Sand Dunes Formation East of the Tigris River in Salah Al-Din Governorate Using Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Rasheed Muaid
Published: January 2021

The study deals with the geological situation of Earth's features, and the effect of climate on them, through monitoring changes that have occurred in Earth's features by applying supervised classification represented by maximum likelihood classification using GIS 10.7 for years 1990–2019 to produce maps of desertification and sand dunes encroachment. The factors forming the Earth's features in the study area vary due to the geological structure, geomorphological processes, and climatic factors, which requires an analysis of these processes and their impact on environmental components. The climate of the study area is characterized by continental characteristics causing significant differences in the geomorphological units of the region, especially sand dunes. The most important climate factors affecting the desertification and dunes are the temperature, evaporation, wind speed and rainfall. Three satellite images were used in this study, obtained from Landsat 5-8 besides, the rate annual of temperature, evaporation, wind speed and the total annual of rainfall obtained from European center ECMWF. To obtain high accuracy of classification, an Error Matrix and Kappa Coefficient was processed using ERDAS. The results showed clear changes in the Earth's features with climate during the entire period, where the increase in the rate of temperature and evaporation enhances desertification and encroachment of dunes due to the dryness of the area resulting from the decrease in rainfall rates due to the lack of vegetation growth, as the area of desertification increased to 3028 km2 in 2019, compared with 1990, while the area of dunes double, in the year 2019 compared to the year 1990. dune encroachment changed directly with the winds as a result of wind blowing in a northwestern direction, so the dunes expanded in the south and southwest direction at the expense of cultivated areas as they encroachments by 20 km compared to 1990.
Hydrochemistry of the Dammam Unconfined Aquifer Southern Desert, West Iraq
Authors: Ali Ali Hussein
Published: January 2021

The type of groundwater in the studied area is slightly brackish. In general, the dominant water type is calcium-sulfate. The reasons behind these different chemical groundwater types can be referred to the active ion exchange between the groundwater of the Dammam aquifer and Rus Formation. The groundwater of the Dammam unconfined aquifer is not suitable for human drinking in all the parameters properties. The groundwater class is fair in the Qasir Al-Ukhaider area, while the Shebcha area and Al-Salman area are poor class except the eastern part of Al-Salman area is very poor.
Climatic Parameters Analysis of Koysinjaq Meteorological Station, Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq
Authors: Dara Rebwar
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the climatic data parameters in an interesting catchment, northern Iraq, the Koysinjaq catchment. The climatic conditions were further utilized in the water balance technique. The investigated periods (2000-2019) of meteorological data were used to assess the climatic and drought conditions in Koysinjaq Basin. In terms of water availability, the mean annual rainfall was 595mm and relative humidity was 50.3%, whereas regarding the water losses elements, the total monthly evaporation is 2058.3 mm, temperature, wind speed and sunshine were 22.3 oC, 2 m/sec, and 7.8 hr/day respectively. Kharrufa method was employed to define potential evapotranspiration, and identify periods of water surplus and deficit. The results indicated that total potential evapotranspiration, water surplus and deficit are 2209.04 mm, 258.2 mm, and 1872.4 mm respectively. Different methods were used for climate classification like Mather, Unep, and Al-Kubaisi, the results of these classifications show that climate is dry-sub humid according to the first classification, semi-arid according to the second classification, and humid to moist according to the third classification.
استخدام تقنيات الويب 4.0 في تحديد العوامل المؤثرة في تعلم مهارات اللغة العربية لدى الطلاب الفولانيين في ولاية أدماوا، نيجيريا
Authors: Ali Alshwayyat Amer Mahmud , Ab. Halim Zulazhan , As’ad Aslan Aiman Badwee , Abdullahi Aliyu
Published: January 2021

هدف هذا البحث إلى تحديد العوامل المؤثرة في تعلم مهارات اللغة العربية لدى الطلاب الفولانيين، ومعرفة مستوا هم في مهارات الاستماع والتحدث والقراءة والكتابة، وقد ركّز هذا البحث على منظورات علم اللغة النفسي، علم اللغة الاجتماعي، العوامل والفصول الدراسية، الثقافات وثنائي اللغة. استخدم الباحثون المنهج الوصفي التحليلي معتمدا على الأدوات الرئيسية الثلاثة ؛ الاختبارات اللغوية للكشف عن قدرات الطلاب نحو مهارات اللّغة العربية الأربع؛ الاستبانة للطلاب؛ والاستبانة للمعلمين، وكل هذا جرى عبر برنامج التقنية الحديثة (QuizCreator) لتحديد العوامل المؤثرة في تعلم اللغة العربية لدى الطلاب. وأمّا عينة البحث فتكونت من 40 طالبا الدارسين في الصف الخامس في مرحلة الثانوية بولاية أدماوا نيجيريا, و 8 من المعلمين الثانوي. وبعد تحليل النتائج عن الحزمة الإحصائية (SPSS), توصلت الدراسة إلى سبعة عوامل لها ارتباطات كبيرة مع تعلم الطلاب اللغةَ العربية، وهي: سن الطلاب؛ وقدراتهم في اللغة العربية؛ استخدام اللغة العربية مع الناطقين بها، استخدام العربية للاستمتاع؛ استخدام اللغة العربية في المنزل؛ الدافع التكاملية، والتطلعات المهنية. وأظهرت الانحدارات المتعددة أن 40٪ إلى 50٪ من التباينات في القراءة والكتابة والاستماع يمكن حسابها من قبل نفس العوامل السبعة، أما بالنسبة للتحدث، فإن 48.5٪ من التباين يمكن حسابها من قبل خمسة من هذه العوامل: العمر؛ القدرة في اللغة العربية، استخدام اللغة العربية مع الناطقين بها، استخدام العربية للتمتّع؛ والتطلعات المهنية. وقد تبين أن أداء الطلبة في المهارات اللغة العربية الأربع منخفض إلى حد ما. بناء على هذه النتائج يوصي هذا البحث المسؤولين في مراكز تعليم اللغة العربية باستخدام التقنيات الحديثة وخاصة في المدارس الثانوية بولاية أدماوا
A PROPOSED SHARIAH COMPLIANT FINTECH MODEL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FI-NANCING PRODUCT TO TACKLE FOOD SECURITY CHALLENGES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Azganin Hassan , Bt. Kassim Salina , Adam Sa’ad Auwal
Published: January 2021

Ensuring food security becomes a significant issue in many countries, particularly during the coronavirus pandemic. Thus, the agriculture sector’s development is critically essential to improving food availability. Despite several initiatives launched by the Malaysian authorities to support small farmers, this sector continues to suffer from accessing financial services. This paper objective is to develop a shariah based financing alternative model known as the Shariah-Compliant Fintech (SCF) Model. This model incorporates crowdfunding solutions and smart contracts into one platform to provide a seamless experience for the investors and fund seekers. This paper starts with the conceptual exploration of the literature in the areas of food security, financing challenges facing farmers, smart contract and Crowdfunding application. The sources of the literature cover secondary sources such as books, online resources and journal articles. This paper provides a conceptual framework of the shariah compliant fintech model that could be a viable solution for the global crowd investors to participate in the impactful investment opportunities. Second, the platform represents a marketplace for small farmers to seek financing from alternative sources of funds for their agricultural projects. This study offers a comprehensive shariah investment procedures and structures of the fintech industry, which can assist policymakers to create necessary policies that regulate Crowdfunding and smart contracts activities.
الهجرة والمهاجرون ودورهم في تقويض مفهوم الإسلاموفوبيا
Authors: علي بن عايد البلوي هاني
Published: January 2021

تهدف فكرة الكتابة عن الهجرة والمهاجرين وأثرهم في مواجهة الإسلاموفوبيا لدى الغرب وتصحيح الصورة وتعديل المفاهيم الخاطئة عن الإسلام وأهله، وإرساء قيم السلام والتسامح وترسيخ مفهوم الأخلاق والوسطية والاعتدال، ودورهم الكبير في التصدي للأيدلوجية الفكرية لدى ذلك التطرف المضاد الذي تم تغذيته في الآونة الأخيرة. وتكمن إشكالية هذا البحث في تنوع الطرق والآليات – لدى المهاجرين- التي يمكن توجيهها بطرق صحيحة لمواجهة مفهوم الإسلاموفوبيا الذي تغلغل في بلدان كثيرة، وفي ظل الهجمات القوية التي تشنها حملات مغرضة لتشويه الإسلام، والتي أدت إلى ممارسات ومضايقات للإسلام وأهله. وتبرز أهمية البحث في الدور الذي سيقدمه المهاجرون من خدمة جليلة للإسلام وأهله في التنوير والتبصير لدى تلك المجتمعات التي اختلطت لديها والتبست عليها صورة الإسلام الصحيح دين الرحمة والسلام، وكذلك تبرز الأهمية في إعطاء أمثلة لنماذج حية كانت مثالا رائعا وأنموذجا مثاليا، أدى بالتالي إلى دخول الكثيرين في دين الإسلام، وأصبحوا دعاة خير وهدى لهذا الدين، وخلص البحث إلى أن معالجة مشكلة الإسلاموفوبيا تتطلب مخاطبة العالم الخارجي بلغاته وعبر أدواته ووسائله الإعلامية
Trilogi Persaudaraan yang Rukun Menurut Mazmur 133: Sebuah Nasehat, Dasar, dan Berkat
Authors: Utomo Bimo Setyo
Published: January 2021

Psalm 133 is known as one of the 15 Songs of Ascents and specifically this Psalm teaches about the importance of living in a harmonious brotherhood for the people of Israel in the context of God's people. In essence, Psalm 133 contains a trilogy which are: advice, foundation, and blessing regarding harmonious brotherhood. There are two depictions used by the Psalmist in this section to teach about harmony; first oil for the ordination of Imam Aaron and second, the dew from Mount Hermon. These two things were formulated by the psalmist to teach also the purpose of harmony, that God's blessings could be poured out on His people. God's blessing can be in the form of success, well-being or the tranquility of life in a long period of time that will certainly benefit the lives of His people.

Abstrak

Mazmur 133 dikenal sebagai salah satu dari 15 nyanyian ziarah (Songs of Ascents) dan secara spesifik Mazmur ini mengajarkan pentingnya hidup dalam persaudaraan yang rukun bagi orang Israel dalam konteks umat Allah. Secara garis besar, Mazmur 133 memuat sebuah trilogi yakni sebuah nasehat, dasar, dan berkat mengenai persaudaraan yang rukun. Ada dua penggambaran yang dipakai oleh Pemazmur dalam bagian ini untuk mengajarkan tentang kerukunan, yaitu minyak untuk penahbisan Imam Harun dan juga embun dari Gunung Hermon. Dua hal ini dirumuskan oleh pemazmur untuk mengajarkan pula mengenai tujuan dari sebuah kerukunan, yakni supaya berkat Allah dapat dicurahkan kepada umat-Nya. Berkat Tuhan dapat berupa keberhasilan, kesejahteraan atau kesentosaan hidup dalam kurun waktu yang panjang yang pasti bermanfaat bagi kehidupan umat-Nya.
Pengaruh “Nota Probowinoto” Terhadap Perubahan Strategi Pekabaran Injil di Gereja-Gereja Kristen Jawa
Authors: Harjono Santosa Budi
Published: January 2021

Based on historical research, the emergence of the "Probowinoto Note" was mainly caused by political and economic factors, especially political factors that occurred around the 1950s. In those days, relations between the Indonesian government and the government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands experienced severe tension. Everywhere there was a rejection from the Indonesian side of the Dutch people. "Probowinoto Note" Reverend Basoeki Probowinoto delivered a new concept of cooperation in anticipation of when the Akkoord Regionaal really stopped. By using the descriptive method of history, it can be concluded that the effect of the "Probowinoto Note" on the change in the strategy of the Gospel Message in the GKJ is the use of Christian foundations or institutions established by the church as means for inter-denominational churches to ally, testify and serve the community, develop guidelines the implementation of the preaching gospel according to the conditions of the GKJ by involving lay people.

Abstrak

Berdasarkan pada penelitian sejarah munculnya “Nota Probowinoto” lebih banyak disebabkan oleh faktor politis dan ekonomis, terutama faktor politik yang terjadi di sekitar tahun 1950-an. Pada masa-masa itu, hubungan antara pemerintah Indonesia dan pemerintah Kerajaan Belanda mengalami ketegangan yang hebat. Di mana-mana terjadi penolakan dari pihak Indonesia atas orang-orang Belanda. “Nota Probowinoto” Pendeta Basoeki Probowinoto menyampaikan sebuah konsep kerja sama baru guna mengantisipasi apabila Regionaal Akkoord benar-benar berhenti. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif hisotris, maka dapat disimpulkan pengaruh “Nota Probowinoto” terhadap perubahan strategi Pekabaran Injil di GKJ adalah dipakainya yayasan atau lembaga-lembaga Kristen yang didirikan oleh gereja sebagai sarana bagi gereja-gereja lintas denominasi bersekutu, bersaksi dan melayani masyarakat, menyusun pedoman pelaksanaan pekabaran Injil yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi GKJ dengan melibatkan kaum awam.
Kajian Eksegetikal Amanat Agung menurut Matius 28:18-20
Authors: Dwiraharjo Susanto
Published: January 2021

The Great Commission is an integral part of the life of believers. This is the message of Christ for all citizens of the kingdom of God. It is called the Great Commission that does not mean its position is more important than other parts of the Bible. But this has demands that every believer must do. On the other hand it can be confirmed that the Great Commission is nothing but the pulse of the believer. In Matthew 28: 18-20, discussions about the Great Commission can be divided into three main parts. These three parts stand to support one another, and refer to the central theme of the Great Commission. First, the Great Commission is based on the authority of the Father bestowed on Christ. Second, the Great Commission is a continuous activity that is always inherent in the lives of believers. When the Great Commission is sustained by the ability or inclusion of Christ. These three things are the essence or essence of the interpretation of the Great Commission in the daily life of believers.

Abstrak

Amanat Agung adalah bagian integral hidup orang percaya. Ini adalah amanat Kristus bagi semua warga kerajaan Allah. Disebut Amanat Agung itu bukan berarti kedudukannya lebin penting dari bagian lain di dalam Alkitab. Namun ini memiliki tuntutan yang harus dilakukan oleh setiap orang percaya. Di sisi lain dapat dipertegas bahwa Amanat Agung tidak lain adalah denyut nadi orang percaya. Dalam Matius 28:18-20, pembahasan tentang Amanat Agung dapat dibagi ke dalam tiga bagian utama. Ketiga bagian ini berdiri untuk saling menopang satu dengan yang lain, dan mengacu pada tema sentral tentang Amanat Agung. Pertama, Amanat Agung itu didasarkan pada otoritas Bapa yang dilimpahkan kepada Kristus. Kedua, Amanat Agung itu merupakan aktivitas berkesinambungan yang selalu melekat dalam hidup orang percaya. Ketika Amanat Agung itu ditopang oleh abilitas atau penyertaan Kristus. Ketiga hal ini merupakan hakekat atau intisari dari intepretasi Amanat Agung dalam hidup harian orang percaya.
Memahami Signifikansi Misi dalam Perjanjian Lama
Authors: Raya Rasmalem
Published: January 2021

There is an opinion of some that the theme of the Mission in the Old Testament is insignificant, but if the Bible is thoroughly investigated, there are many verses in the Old Testament that speak of Mission. Even compared to the New Testament, the range of mission in the Old Testament is the same as the range of missions in the New Testament, namely the world. With the fall of Adam, the first man into sin, and therefore all sinned, mankind needed a Savior. Therefore, the promise of the redeemer in Genesis 3 verse 15 becomes the central theme of the Bible both in the Old Testament and in the New Testament. For that the Mission in the OT became very important.

Abstrak

Ada anggapan sebagian orang bahwa tema Misi di Perjanjian Lama tidak signifikan, tetapi apabila Alkitab diselidiki dengan seksama, ada banyak ayat-ayat dalam Perjanjian Lama yangberbicara tentang Misi. Bahkan dibandingkan dengan Perjanjian Baru, jangkauan misi di Perjanjian Lama sama dengan jangkauan misi yang ada di Perjanjian Baru, yaitu dunia. Dengan jatuhnya Adam, manusia pertama ke dalam dosa, dan karena itu semua orang berbuat dosa, maka manusia memerlukan Juruselamat. Karena itu, janji penebus di Kejadian 3 ayat 15 menjadi tema sentral dari Alkitab baik di Perjanjian Lama maupun di Perjanjian Baru.untuk itu Misi di PL menjadi sangat penting.
Pelayanan Kepemimpinan Penggembalaan Menurut Kisah Para Rasul 20:17-38
Authors: Sudibyo Irwanto
Published: January 2021

Leadership is a matter of principle in Christianity, especially the leadership of a shepherd. This article discusses the leadership of a shepherd according to Paul's shepherding in Acts 20: 17-38. The method used in this study is the analysis of the text in Acts 20: 17-38. With the exposition approach, the conclusions obtained, that a shepherd must be able to lead with a soul that serves for his followers.

Abstrak:

Kepemimpinan merupakan hal yang prinsip dalam kekristenan, terutama kepemimpinan seorang gembala. Artikel ini membahas tentang kepemimpinan seorang gembala menurut penggembalaan Paulus dalam Kisah Para Rasul 20:17-38. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah analisis teks pada Kisah Para Rasul 20:17-38. Dengan pendekatan eksposisi, maka kesimpulan yang diperoleh, bahwa seorang gembala harus dapat memimpin dengan jiwa yang melayani bagi para pengikutnya.
Misi di Tengah Krisis Multidimensi
Authors: Putrawan Bobby Kurnia , Peter Ramot
Published: January 2021

Technological developments and changes in civilization in the era of globalization sweeping the world today has caused a multidimensional crisis so that the necessary mission service activities for outreach souls that need to be saved. Mission activities are the fulfillment of God's mission for the salvation of all humanity. The Holy Spirit must be present in every mission of mission, not just with funds and resources. This article discusses mission in a biblical perspective in the midst of a multidimensional crisis sweeping the world and its impacts with a qualitative descriptive method from literature study. The results and discussion show how important the role of mission is by involving church leaders who have a vision to mobilize local congregations involved in missionary activities for the salvation of God's people.

Abstrak
Perkembangan teknologi dan perubahan peradaban pada era globalisasi melanda dunia saat ini telah menimbulkan krisis multidimensi sehingga diperlukan kegiatan pelayanan misi untuk penjangkauan jiwa-jiwa yang perlu diselamatkan. Kegiatan misi merupakan penggenapan misi Allah bagi keselamatan seluruh umat manusia. Roh Kudus harus dihadirkan dalam setiap pengutusan kegiatan misi, bukan hanya sekedar dengan dana dan daya. Artikel ini membahas misi dalam perspektif alkitab di tengah krisis multidimensi yang melanda dunia serta dampak-dampaknya dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dari kajian pustaka. Hasil dan pembahasan menunjukkan betapa pentingnya peranan misi dengan melibatkan pemimpin jemaat yang memiliki visi untuk memobilisasi jemaat lokal terlibat dalam kegiatan misi untuk keselamatan umat Tuhan.
Sinyalemen Kesenjangan Religiositas Spiritualitas dalam Pergulatan Identitas Masyarakat Agamis
Authors: Sukardi Y. M. Imanuel
Published: January 2021

The religious life of society is now increasing sharply both in villages and cities. Strong religious nuance is felt in almost every civilization, environment and activities, so it deserves the title of religious society. But the nature and character, behavior and actions in daily life are not directly proportional to the predicate inherent in a religious society. These situations and conditions provide a strong indication of the gap between high religiosity and low spirituality. The gap was allegedly due to the emphasis on religion as identity rather than appreciation and practice. As a result it damages social life in the face of intolerance and makes religion a humanitarian disaster through radicalism. This phenomenon is still evident before our eyes now in this country.

Abstrak

Kehidupan keagamaan masyarakat sekarang meningkat tajam luar biasa baik di perkampungan maupun perkotaan. Nuansa keagamaan kental terasakan hampir di setiap peradaban, lingkungan dan kegiatan sehingga layak mendapat predikat masyarakat agamis. Tetapi sifat dan tabiat, perilaku dan perbuatan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari tidak berbanding lurus dengan predikat yang melekat sebagai masyarakat agamis. Situasi dan kondisi tersebut memberi sinyalemen kuat adanya kesenjangan antara religiositas yang tinggi dengan spiritualitas yang rendah. Kesenjangan tersebut disinyalir karena penitik-beratan pada agama sebagai identitas bukan pada penghayatan dan pengamalan. Akibat nya mmerusak kehidupan sosial dalam wajah intoleransi dan menjadikan agama sebagai bencana kemanusiaan melalui radikalisme. Fenomena tersebut masih nyata di depan mata saat ini di negeri ini.
Implementasi Ajaran tentang Pernikahan Berdasarkan I Korintus 7 di Kalangan Gembala Sidang Gereja Pantekosta di Indonesia, Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Widiastuti Kanti , Rampisela Els
Published: January 2021

Marriage was God's idea from the very beginning of human creation, and it began first in the garden of Eden. Even though God's purpose for Christian marriage is a lifetime, in reality, not a few Christian households experience conflicts and result in divorce. This study aims to apply the teachings about marriage based on 1 Corinthians 7. The method used is qualitative with a hermeneutical approach to 1 Corinthians text 7. The implementation of the text is applied to 28 GPdI siding pastors in Jember city, using a questionnaire instrument. The results of the study are presented in the form of description, analysis, and interpretation, with the conclusion that the level of implementation of the teachings of the apostle Paul regarding the notion of marriage based on 1 Corinthians 7 among pastors of the GPdI session in Jember Regency was 82.71%, and was in the "high" category.

Abstrak

Pernikahan adalah gagasal Allah sejak awal dalam penciptaan manusia, dan dimulai pertama kali di taman Eden. Sekalipun tujuan Allah tentang pernikahan kristen adalah seumur hidup, namun pada kenyataannya tidak sedikit rumah tangga kristen mengalami konflik dan mengakibatkan perceraian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan ajaran tentang pernikahan berdasarkan 1 Korintus 7. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan hermeneutis pada teks 1 Korintus 7. Implementasi teks diterapkan kepada 28 gembala siding GPdI yang ada di kota Jember, dengan menggunakan instrumen angket. Hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk deskripsi, analisis, dan interpretasi, dengan kesimpulan, bahwa tingkat implementasi ajaran rasul Paulus mengenai pengertian pernikahan berdasarkan 1Korintus 7 di kalangan gembala sidang GPdI Kabupaten Jember sebesar 82,71%, dan berada pada kategori “tinggi”.
Implementasi Penginjilan dan Pemuridan dalam Pengembangan Karakter Jujur Anak Usia 9-10 Tahun
Authors: Santosa Santosa , Aprianto Guntur Firman
Published: January 2021

Humans have a uniqueness that characterizes itself. The hallmark of the characteristics that are influenced by. One character that describes the characteristics of a person is honest. This study aims to determine the role of Sertan Christian institutions in developing Indonesian human characters. The research is aimed at non-formal education for children aged 3-20 years which is organized by the Foundation PESAT. The program is called Future Center held in kindergarten PESAT Foundation. This study includes a special application of evangelism and discipleship of the honest character development of children aged 9-10 years in the Future Center Peniel Christian Kindergarten Integrated Celengan Hamlet, Lopait village, district Tuntang, Kab. Semarang. Evangelism and discipleship done by Mentor and Tutor once a week in the implementation of program activities at the Future Center. The method used is qualitative. There were nine children as informants in this study, informants were determined using purposive sampling. The technique of collecting data through interviews. Based on the results of the study, Future Center Peniel Christian Kindergarten Integrated Celengan Hamlet, Lopait village, district Tuntang, Kab. Semarang, contributing to the development of an honest character of children aged 9-10 years through the application of evangelism and discipleship.

Abstrak

Manusia pada dasarnya memiliki keunikan yang menjadi ciri khas sendiri. Ciri khas tersebut dipengaruhi oleh karakter yang dimiliki. Salah satu karakter yang menggambarkan ciri seseorang ialah karakter jujur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran serta lembaga Kristiani dalam membangun karakter manusia Indonesia. Penelitian ditujukan pada pendidikan non formal bagi anak usia 3 – 20 tahun yang diselenggarakan oleh Yayasan PESAT. Program tersebut disebut Future Center diselenggarakan di Taman Kanak-kanak Yayasan PESAT. Penelitian ini secara khusus mengulas penerapan penginjilan dan pemuridan terhadap perkembangan karakter jujur anak usia 9-10 tahun di Future Center TK Kristen Pniel Terpadu Dusun Celengan, Desa Lopait, Kecamatan Tuntang, Kabupaten Semarang. Penginjilan dan pemuridan dilakukan oleh Mentor dan Tutor seminggu sekali dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan di program Future Center. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif. Ada 9 anak sebagai informan dalam penelitian ini, informan ditentukan menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Future Center TK Kristen Pniel Terpadu Dusun Celengan, Desa Lopait, Kecamatan Tuntang, Kabupaten Semarang, berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan karakter jujur anak usia 9-10 tahun melalui penerapan penginjilan dan pemuridan. Karakter jujur anak usia 9-10 tahun meningkat dengan baik melalui strategi dan metode yang diterapkan oleh Mentor dan Tutor dalam proses penginjilan dan pemuridan
Menerapkan Pola Regenerasi Kepemimpinan Musa kepada Yosua
Authors: Hahuluy Michael Salomo
Published: January 2021

This scientific work discusses, how can today's leaders understand the importance of regeneration of leadership. In this thesis will see various views associated with leadership and regeneration, which have an impact on issues of Theology and praxis related to problems of regeneration of leadership. Then from the various views, will be compared with the results of the study of regeneration of the historical leadership of Moses to Joshua, which is contained in the book of Pentateuch. The author gives some examples of patterns of regeneration. The results of this research are the leaders can understand the importance of leadership regeneration, as well as a biblical basis with regard to the regeneration of leadership. The leaders are expected to be: first, aware of the urgency of making the regeneration of leadership. Second, immediately perform the regeneration of leadership, to begin looking for the people who have competence in leadership, rig up to hand over the relay baton of leadership to the new leaders.
Teologi Chronistisches Geschichtswerk (ChrG) sebagai Aktualisasi Iman Sepanjang Sejarah Umat
Authors: Sibuea Hemat
Published: January 2021

The research methodology used in this article adopts a qualitative approach including social-historical for analysis Chronistisches Geschichtswerk (ChrG) as a hypothesis after Enneateukh (Genesis to 1-2 Kings). This theory came from Noth’s hypothesis that Deuteronomy-2 Kings are from a single author. Others opinion said that ChrG as a compilation of Deuteronomistic History (Deuteronomistischen Geschictswerk (DtrG)). This hypothesis gives influence and contribution to the redaction of theological the book of Chronicles. The result of this research shows the essence of theology ChrG rebuilt the characters of faith to God in developing Israel’s prestigious life.

Abstrak

Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini menggubakan pendekatan Sejarah Sosial untuk menganalisis peredaksian Sejarah Chronistis (ChrG) sebagai hipotesis setelah pembentukan karya Enneateukh (Kejadian -1dan 2 Raja-raja). Teori ini berasal dari hipotesia Noth yang menyatakan bahwa Kitab Ulangan sampai 2 Raja-raja sebagai karya dari pengarang tunggal. Pendapat yang lain menyatakan bahwa ChrG sebagai sebuah kompilasi DtrG yang memberikan pengaruh dan kontribusi bagi peredaksian teologi kitab Tawarikh. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa esensi dari teologi ChrG menumbuhkan karakter beriman kepada Allah dalam kehidupan umat Israel.
Strategi Mengatasi Kemarahan Melalui Perumpamaan Berdasarkan Yunus 4
Authors: Muryati Muryati , Setianto Yusak , Benyamin Priskila Issak , Nasution Alex Frans Nathanael
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi mengatasi kemarahan melalui perumpamaan yang didasarkan pada kitab Yunus 4. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan model (Research and Development) yang mengadopsi 10 langkah pengembangan dari Borg and Gall. Dari 10 langkah yang ada, penelitian ini berfokus pada dua tahap utama, yaitu tahap pengembangan model dan tahap validasi model. Model yang dikembangkan adalah model prosedural berupa strategi. Pengembangan model dilakukan melalui kajian hermeneutik dan eksegesi terhadap Yunus 4. Model yang telah dikembangkan kemudian divalidasi oleh 33 pakar dan praktisi yang dilakukan dengan teknik angket yang telah teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Model dinyatakan valid apabila hasil validasi bernilai di atas kriteria keberhasilan setelah melalui pengujian one sample t-test berbantuan SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian ini adalah strategi yang berbentuk prosedur untuk mengatasi kemarahan yang terdiri dari langkah-langkah berikut: (1) Adanya penyebab kemarahan; (2) Terjadinya kemarahan tahap 1; (3) Pemberian perumpamaan; (4) Terjadinya kemarahan tahap 2; (5) Penyampaian penjelasan mengenai penyebab kemarahan yang dibandingkan dengan perumpamaan yang diberikan; (6) Dampak dari penjelasan. Model ini telah tervalidasi oleh validator dengan nilai t sebesar 2,09 yang signifikan pada tingkat kesalahan 0,044 (lebih kecil dari 0,05). Dengan demikian, model yang dikembangan tervalidasi dengan baik, dan layak untuk digunakan.
Membaca Narasi Penciptaan Mazmur 19:1-6 Melalui Perspektif Kosmologi Intelligent Design: Irreducible Complexity
Authors: Afandi Yahya
Published: January 2021

This article examines: is science and theology so wide apart from each other; is the suffering of bible scholars who have a "second class" status in academic conversation impossible to end? The advancement of science which should illuminate the theological-biblical notions which are textually unexplainable in scientific detail has in fact created such a sharp split point. The idea of Intelligent design: irreducible complexity promoted by Michael J. Behe provides a kind of “theistic interstice" that can be used as a lens to see the existence of an intelligent designer of the universe narrated in Psalms 19: 1-6. The existed complexity, cannot be reduced because the condition itself is threatening the universal system. This article concludes with the identification: if the assumptions of an intelligent designer who refers to God is considered too premature; the framework of an intelligent designer then provides an imaginative space to grapple with the possibility of His involvement in the universe.

Abstrak

Artikel ini mempertanyakan ulang: Apakah ilmu pengetahuan dan teologi alkitabiah sudah sedemikian jauh terpisah satu sama lain? Apakah penderitaan para sarjana kitab suci yang diklaim berstasus “kelas dua” dalam percakapan akademik mustahil diakhiri? Kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan yang semestinya menerangi terminologi teologis-alkitabiah, yang barangkali memang secara tekstual tidak dijelaskan secara detail-ilmiah khususnya isu kosmologi dan kosmogoni, nyatanya justru telah menciptakan titik pisah yang begitu tajam. Gagasan kosmologi Intelligent design: irreducible complexity yang diusung oleh Michael J. Behe memberi semacam “celah teistik” yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai lensa untuk melihat kemungkinan keberadaan Sang Perancang Cerdas semesta raya dalam narasi Mazmur 19:1-6. Kerumitan yang ada, tidak dapat dikurangi, tidak boleh tidak ada. Mengingat situasi tersebut justru berpeluang mengancam sistem semesta. Artikel ini diakhiri dengan identifikasi, bahwa jika dugaan perancang cerdas yang merujuk kepada keberadaan Tuhan dinilai terlalu prematur, maka pemikiran intelligent designer menyediakan ruang imajinatif-intelektual untuk menggumuli kemungkinan keberadaan dan keterlibatan-Nya atas semesta.
Prinsip-prinsip Misi dari Teks Amanat Agung bagi Pelaksanaan Misi Gereja Masa Kini
Authors: Listari Listari , Arifianto Yonatan Alex
Published: January 2021

The missionary fulfillment of the Great Commission as applied to churches today. Mission shares the same principle in the Great Commission, which is to bring souls to salvation. In the text of the Great Commission, there are three important parts, namely salvation, development, and assignment. This great commission has been applied in various churches today, but the principles of the mission itself have not been fully understood by church members. By using descriptive qualitative methods, the writer can define the Great Commission and its objectives, then describe the principles of mission in the Great Commission in the study of Matthew 28: 19-20 and apply the mission in everyday life. A mission that has an agenda and objectives and mission principles from the text of the Great Commission, understands carefully the theological study of the Great Commission and knows the mission of God in the life of every believer, recognizes the mandate in the person and fulfills it. And the last, most important thing is how the church recognizes the problems in mission and strives to be a mission church that relies on God and is able to get through every challenge that exists in implementing its evangelistic mandate.

Abstrak

Pelaksanaan misi dari Amanat Agung yang diterapkan pada gereja-gereja masa kini. Misi memiliki prinsip yang sama dalam Amanat Agung, yaitu untuk membawa jiwa-jiwa kepada keselamatan. Dalam teks Amanat Agung terdapat tiga bagian penting, yaitu penyelamatan, pengembangan dan penugasan. Amanat Agung ini telah diterapkan di dalam berbagai gereja saat ini, hanya saja prinsip dari misi itu sendiri belum dipahami secara menyeluruh oleh anggota gereja. Dengan melalui metode kualitatif deskritif, penulis dapat mendeskritifkan Amanat Agung dan tujuannya, lalu menjabarkan prinsip misi Amanat Agung dalam kajian Matius 28: 19- 20 dan mengaplikasikan misi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Misi yang memiliki agenda tujuan dan prinsip- Prinsip misi dari teks Amanat Agung, memahami dengan seksama kajian teologis Amanat Agung serta mengenal misi Allah di dalam kehidupan setiap orang percaya, mengenal amanat dalam diri pribadi dan menunaikannya. Dan yang terakhir yang paling penting adalah bagaimana gereja mengenal masalah-masalah dalam misi serta berusaha menjadi gereja yang bermisi dengan bersandar Tuhan dan mampu melewati setiap tantangan yang ada dalam menerapkan mandat penginjilan.