bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shallow-water late middle Eocene crinoids from Tierra del Fuego: a new southern record of a retrograde community structure
Authors: Malumián Norberto , Olivero Eduardo B.
Published: October 2008

One of the very few crinoid records in Patagonia is that of the abundant columnals of the genus Isselicrinus found in several localities in shallow marine, glauconitic sandstones of the Leticia Formation (upper middle Eocene of Tierra del Fuego Island). Some of them, up to 10 cm long, are preserved in a position almost perpendicular to the stratification, which is attributed to episodes of high sedimentation rate. The Isselicrinus remains occur either almost alone or associated with solitary corals, gastropods, bivalves, rare nautilids, shark teeth, penguin bones and well-preserved specimens of Ophiura elegantoides. The associated microfossils, mainly Foraminifera, are characterised by the anomalous abundance and dominance of large Nodosariacea. These records reflect a peculiar success of a retrograde, dense, suspension-feeding crinoid population as a regional extension of previously described distribution in the Antarctic upper Eocene.
Marine research in the Latitudinal Gradient Project along Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Berkman Paul Arthur , Cattaeno-Vietti Riccardo , Chiantore Mariachiara , Howard-Williams Clive , Cummnigs Vonda , Kvitek Rikk
Published: October 2008

This paper describes the conceptual framework of the Latitudinal Gradient Project that is being implemented by the New Zealand, Italian and United States Antarctic programmes along Victoria Land, Antarctica, from 72°S to 86°S. The purpose of this interdisciplinary research project is to assess the dynamics and coupling of marine and terrestrial ecosystems in relation to global climate variability. Preliminary data about the research cruises from the R/V “Italica” and R/V “Tangaroa” along the Victoria Land Coast in 2004 are presented. As a global climate barometer, this research along Victoria Land provides a unique framework for assessing latitudinal shifts in ‘sentinel’ environmental transition zones, where climate changes have an amplified impact on the phases of water.
Changing chain: past, present and future of the Scotia Arc's and Antarctica's shallow benthic communities
Authors: Barnes David K.A.
Published: October 2008

The Scotia Arc links Patagonia to the Antarctic Peninsula. This island chain has changed considerably since Antarctica’s geographic and thermal isolation from other land and water masses. Now its rates of air, land and fresh-water climate change are among the highest measured. This review examines work on the shallow water benthos of this region in the context of climate change. In summer, primary productivity is as intense as anywhere, whilst in winter the water reaches unprecedented clarity. Suspension feeders may eat for just a few months but others feed all year. Growth and reproduction are up to 50x slower than non-polar rates. Life here is in the slow lane. There is intense summer disturbance from ice-scour and wave action. This has erased shore zonation and created it below the surface. In contrast to summer disturbance, the winter is among the calmest and most thermally stable environments, when the area is overlain by fast ice. Whilst few animal phyla or species are represented on land, phyletic richness—and in some groups species richness—rivals that of tropical regions. Data showing clines in benthic richness at several taxonomic levels across the Patagonia-South Georgia-Signy Is.-Adelaide Is. chain and 50 years of ice-sheet retreat are presented.
Distribution patterns of Chilean shallow-water sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia); with a discussion of the taxonomic and zoogeographic relationships between the actinofauna of the South East Pacific, the South West Atlantic and the Antarctic
Authors: Häussermann Verena , Försterra Günter
Published: October 2008

The first complete zoogeographical analysis of Chilean shallow water sea anemones (Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) and their taxonomic relations with neighbouring faunas is provided, based on extensive recent sampling in combination with a literature review. Between 1994 and 2004, we collected more than 1000 specimens of 32 distinct species of Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia at more than 100 sites along the Chilean coast between Arica (18°30’S; 70°19’W) and the Straits of Magellan (53°36’S 70°56’W). Sampling was done in the intertidal during low tides and in the subtidal by means of SCUBA diving down to depths of 40 m. The northern part of the Chilean fjord region showed the highest number of species (23). Our results contradict an abrupt general change in the marine faunal composition at 42°S, instead showing the continuation of species of the exposed coast and the joining of fjord species due to the availability of additional habitats in the richly structured fjord region south of 42°S, and also to eurybathy. The southern distribution limits of the species we found in northern and central Chile show only one significant concentration around the Peninsula Taitao (approx. 48°S). This either indicates a zoogeographic barrier for shallow water species at the Peninsula Taitao, or is a sampling artifact caused by poor data from the region between the Peninsula Taitao and the Straits of Magellan. According to the literature, 18 of the 63 described Chilean sea anemones (Pacific Ocean) can also be found in Argentina (Atlantic Ocean) and 13 in the Antarctic. However, many records and statuses of the common species of the South East Pacific and the South West Atlantic/Antarctic are uncertain or doubtful and need revision or confirmation.
Hydro-plankton characteristics and their relationship with sardine and anchovy distributions on the French shelf of the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Petitgas Pierre , Masse Jacques , Bourriau Paul. , Beillois Pierre , Delmas Daniel , Herbland Alain , Koueta Noussithe , Froidefond Jean Maire , Santos Maria
Published: October 2008

The spatial pattern in hydro-plankton and fish distributions and their relationship were analysed based on the spring 2000 fisheries acoustic survey. The importance of this survey was that it was a multi-disciplinary platform which collected an extensive set of parameters in the hydro-plankton leading to a potentially finer description of hydro-plankton conditions and fish habitats. More than 50 variables were measured on a grid of stations, in four compartments of the ecosystem: hydrology, nutrients, primary producers and meso-zooplankton. First, a joint analysis of all hydro-plankton compartments was performed using multiple factor analysis (MFA). The method was used to estimate a compromise factorial space common to all compartments in which the stations were grouped by hierarchical clustering. The groups were represented spatially and a strong spatial pattern was evidenced. The fish and their spawned eggs were sampled along transect lines using acoustics and CUFES (continuous underway fish egg samplers). The distribution of the fish and their eggs was analysed in relation to the hydro-plankton groups of stations and difference in fish density across hydro-plankton conditions was tested by a pair-wise multiple comparison procedure. Anchovy was associated with a lesser number of hydro-plankton conditions than sardine. Eggs of both species were also associated with a lesser number of conditions than the fish. Finally, the gain provided by using the extensive set of hydro-plankton parameters for mapping large-scale hydro-plankton conditions was analysed in comparison with the situation in which a small set of parameters was available. The extensive set of parameters allowed more hydro-plankton conditions to be identified but only in the coastal area and not on the shelf. Size fractionated chlorophyll was determinant for tracking river plume hydro-plankton condition. However, the fish did not respond to the variety of the coastal hydro-plankton conditions.
Marine hydrodynamics between San Sebastián and Hondarribia (Guipúzcoa, northern Spain): Field measurements and numerical modelling
Authors: Fontán Almudena , Mader Julien , González Manuel , Uriarte Adolfo , Gyssels Paolo , Collins Michael B.
Published: October 2008

During 2000 and 2001 and at the beginning of 2002, current meters were deployed at 25, 50 and 110 m water depths along two transects: one offshore of San Sebastian and the other offshore of Hondarribia. At the same time, hydrographical cruises and the collection of sediment samples were undertaken over the coastal section. The aim of the study was to improve the knowledge of seasonal changes in the coastal water circulation. The main results obtained are three-dimensional measurements of water flow, a description of the seabed sedimentology between 50 and 90 m depth, and an improved description of the effect of the circulation patterns on the dispersion of pollutants. Two different patterns of surface water circulation were identified, related to oceanographic and meteorological conditions in autumn-winter and spring-summer. Analyses undertaken on three-dimensional current meter data also improved the understanding of seasonal variations in marine currents. All the field data were incorporated into a numerical model for the simulation of currents. This numerical model contributed, together with the field measurements, to the improvement of the description of general seasonal variability patterns in the currents. The effect of this circulation on the dispersion of pollutants was also analysed.
Analysis of salinity measurements near islands on the French continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Lazure Pascal , Jegou Anne-Marie , Kerdreux Michel
Published: October 2008

The Bay of Biscay is characterised by large fresh water inputs from two major rivers, the Loire and the Gironde, with a mean discharge of about 900 m3/s. To describe the spatial and temporal variability of the Loire and Gironde plumes, continuous salinity measurements were made at 4 locations on French coastal islands over periods lasting at least two years. These islands are located at a distance from the large local gradients linked to local inputs. Whereas sea surface salinity in the centre of the Bay of Biscay is 35.6, salinities at the coast vary between about 35 in summer to occasionally less than 30 in late winter or in spring. Minimum salinities do not occur at the same time along the coast, indicating a strong spatial gradient. Near the Loire and Gironde estuaries, a strong temporal correlation between discharges and salinity variation appears. Far from the estuaries, some drops in salinity seem to be correlated with a change of wind regime. In summer, a general decrease from north to south is found along the coast and may be linked to northwesterly wind conditions, which drive surface water to SW of the bay. These data constitute the first set of time series of salinity. They will be pursued to assess the interannual variability which is presumed to be high because of the large variability in river discharges and wind regimes.
Fronts and eddies as key structures in the habitat of marine fish larvae: opportunity, adaptive response and competitive advantage
Authors: Bakun Andrew
Published: October 2008

Surface fronts and mesoscale eddies are two classes of ocean structures that engender significant pattern in the habitats of marine organisms. Both are sites where mechanical energy of the physical system may be accessible for augmenting trophic energy available to biological organisms. Accordingly, they may offer opportunities for exceptional local productivity and growth of species particularly adapted to excelling in such highly-productive rapid-growth/high-mortality situations. The major relevant physical mechanisms involved are presented. A widespread attraction of many types of fish to floating objects drifting in the ocean is cited as an apparent adaptive response to the desirable aspects of surface fronts. An apparent contrary tendency for certain important marine fish species to be particularly successful in relatively poorly productive situations, where slower growth may be offset by much lower early life predation mortality, is also noted. Competing tradeoffs between (1) early life nutrition and resulting growth, and (2) mortality of early stages due to predation are suggested. These tradeoffs are posed and illustrated via a “predator pit” conceptual framework. Illustrations of the evident reproductive habitat choices of several populations of large temperate tunas are briefly presented. It is concluded that the time may have come for a general shift in the approach of at-sea fish larval ecological investigations from the conventional focus on associations with environmental properties on a “macro” scale to intensive investigations of the real-time progressions of linked physical-biological interactions occurring on a “meso” (and smaller) scale.
Ultrastructural studies of the morphological variations of the egg surface and envelopes of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) before and after fertilisation with a discussion of fertilisation mechanism
Authors: Mekkawy Imam A. A. , Osman Alaa G. M.
Published: October 2008

Much of the existing knowledge of the mechanisms involved in teleost fertilisation is based on a few small model species that have no commercial value. Research is therefore urgently required to address mechanisms involved in fertilisation in species of great commercial value. In this study, the ultrastructural morphological variations in the surface of the egg of Clarias gariepinus were recorded before and after fertilisation by using electron microscopy. The outer surface of the unfertilised egg was smooth, whereas the fertilised egg acquired a network of projections on the vegetal hemisphere. Moreover, different patterns of ornamentation on the egg surface were evident. This pattern of ornamentation varied with the progress of embryonic development. The micropyle of the C. gariepinus egg consisted of a funnel-shaped vestibule, from the bottom of which a cylindrical micropylar canal extended. The micropylar canal decreased in diameter after completion of fertilisation, forming a micropylar disc. The sperm behaviour on the egg surface was oriented towards any depression on the chorion surface. The chorion of ovulated eggs consisted of one layer. After fertilisation the chorion was differentiated into three layers: the double-layered coat, the zona radiata externa and the zona radiata interna. Four protein subunits of the chorion of C. gariepinus were identified by SDS-PAGE. IR-spectra obtained from C. gariepinus chorion revealed that the vibration of chorion proteins exhibited different weak activities in the IR-spectra with minor difference between pre- and post-fertilisation chorion proteins.
Vitamins A and E in the maternal diet influence egg quality and early life stage development in fish: a review
Authors: Palace Vince P. , Werner Julieta
Published: October 2008

Early development in fish is dependent on essential nutrients present in the egg. Vitamins E and A are critical to the normal development of fish embryos. Vitamin E functions primarily as an antioxidant to protect unsaturated lipids from oxidative degradation. Vitamin A or its provitamin carotenoid forms support growth, are required for the differentiation and maintenance of epithelial tissue and can be converted to forms of the vitamin that are potent morphogens. Fish cannot synthesise either of the vitamins, so the maternal dietary content of each prior to oogenesis is an important determinant of reproductive fitness. Here we review the basic metabolism of vitamins E and A and carotenoids and their processing from the maternal diet and deposition into eggs. Evidence for the link between levels of each of the vitamins in eggs and measures of reproductive fitness are also discussed.
A translation of Bishop Gunnerus' description of the species Hydroides norvegicus with comments on his Serpula triqvetra
Authors: Loennechen Moen Toril
Published: October 2008

In 1768 J.E. Gunnerus first described the species Hydroides norvegicus (Polychaeta, Serpulidae), the type of the genus Hydroides which today includes close to 90 species worldwide and is the largest serpulid genus. This description has therefore great value as a type description, but as it is written in an old-fashioned Danish/Norwegian language with a font which is hard to interpret, the description is rather inaccessible to most polychaetologists. This paper presents a translation of Gunnerus’ description of H. norvegicus and a brief review of the present day status of the species. Comments on Gunnerus’ description of Serpula triqvetra are also included, as well as references to his correspondence with Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnæus regarding the species in question.
A new species of Pista (Annelida: Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from shallow waters of Shizugawa Bay, Sanriku Coast, Japan
Authors: Nishi Eijiroh , Tanaka Katsuhiko
Published: October 2008

A new species of the genus Pista (Annelida: Polychaeta: Terebellidae) was found on a boulder bottom in shallow waters of of Shizugawa Bay, Sanriku coast, northern Honshu, Japan. Individuals of this species measure 5 to 10 cm long and 3 to 5 mm wide. There are two pairs of branchiae on segments 2 and 3, each with an annulated long stalk and many dichotomous branches. The peristomium and segment 3 have elongate, semi-circular lateral lobes, segments 2 and 4 each have small lobes, segments 5 and 6 have very small lobes inserted between the neuropodium and ventral pad. Individuals of the new species have 17 pairs of notopodia from segment 4 and conical nephridial papillae on segments 6 and 7. The new Japanese species differs from all known species in the structure of the branchiae and the lateral lobes of anterior chaetigers.
A new species of Rullierinereis and new records of Nereididae from sublittoral sandy bottoms off Lanzarote (Canary Islands)
Authors: Núñez Jorge , Brito María Del Carmen
Published: October 2008

Rullierinereis ancornunezi n. sp., collected from sandy and maërl bottoms from 19-55 m depth around Lanzarote island, is described. The new taxon is characterized by having a reduced or absent upper notopodial ligule in biramous parapodia of chaetigers 3-9 and in the middle region from chaetiger 26 onwards, and also by the shape of the homogomph notopodial falciger blade, which is short and serrated. A comparison with morphologically similar species is made. Other nereidid species collected were: Nereis lamellosa Ehlers, 1864, Nereis rava Ehlers, 1864, Neanthes caudata (Delle Chiaje, 1827) and Neanthes rubicunda (Ehlers, 1864). A map of the distribution of these species is presented.
Long-term dynamics (1990 to 2004) of the polychaete fauna from the sublittoral soft-bottoms off Punta Coloso (Antofagasta), northern Chile
Authors: Carrasco Franklin D. , Moreno Rodrigo A.
Published: October 2008

Long-term monitoring (1990 to 2004) at four stations (50 to 60 m depth) off Punta Coloso, Antofagasta, northern Chile, has allowed us to study temporal changes in the sublittoral macrobenthic polychaete infauna composition and abundance. The numerical contribution of the polychaete fraction to the total fauna was high (65 to 93%), whereas biomass was smaller and variable (20 to 85%). The number of invertebrate species collected per cruise was relatively low (40 to 90 species) and the number of polychaete species ranged from 18 to 37 per cruise (mean = 29.9), with a cumulative number of 56 polychaete species. The most abundant species collected included the small-sized Aricidea pigmentata Carrasco (26.5%), Magelona phyllisae Jones (22.7%), Paraprionospio pinnata (Ehlers) (13.5%), Tharyx longisetosa Hartmann-Schröder (12.1%), and Prionospio peruana Hartmann-Schröder (11.8%). Clear general patterns or tendencies are not seen in temporal variations of polychaete fauna nor when analyzing the seasons individually. P. pinnata was the only dominant species to show a general tendency in abundance fluctuations. Although the study period included two El Niño events (1991-1992 and 1997-1998), a clear dynamic was not seen in either abundance or dominant species. The analyzed data validate or corroborate high stability or persistence over time that has been suggested for polychaete fauna in the study area. Such stability or persistence exists in spite of high seasonal variability and interannual fluctuations in the region’s oceanographic conditions.
Lumbrineridae (Polychaeta) from the Capbreton Canyon (Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic) with the description of two new species
Authors: Aguirrezabalaga Florencio , Carrera-Parra Luis F.
Published: October 2008

During the Capbreton 1988 to 1990 cruises, samples of benthic macrofauna were taken at 37 stations situated along the continental slope (from 480 to 1113 m depth), on both sides of the Capbreton Canyon and in its axis. Lumbrinerid polychaetes were collected in 20 of these samples. This work includes the description of eight species belonging to six genera. Six of the species have already been described in the region: Abyssoninoe scopa (Fauchald, 1974), Augeneria algida (Wirén, 1901), Lumbrinerides amoureuxi Miura, 1980, Lumbrineris aniara Fauchald, 1974, Lumbrineris futilis Kinberg, 1865, and Ninoe armoricana Glémarec, 1968. The other two are described as new species belonging to the genera Augeneria and Lumbricalus. Some type-material of these species was revised and some notes also included.
Composition, abundance and distribution of holoplanktonic polychaetes from the expedition “El Golfo 6311-12” of Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Authors: Fernández-Álamo María Ana
Published: October 2008

Holoplanktonic polychaetes from the zooplankton samples taken during El Golfo 63/11-12 Cruise conducted by Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, were studied. Eighty-seven samples were reviewed, which were collected over an extensive area including both coasts, western and eastern, of the Baja California peninsula, the continental coast of the Gulf of California, and some localities in the northeastern Pacific. Samples were obtained in the epipelagic region by oblique plankton hauls (using conical nets 5 m in length, 0.5 and 1.0 m in mouth diameter, and 0.50 mm mesh), from 47 localities. Two hundred and twenty-three polychaetes belonging to 17 species of six holoplanktonic families were identified. Ecological characterization of the species showed that Phalacrophorus uniformis, Typhloscolex muelleri, Sagitella kowalewski and Travisiopsis dubia were dominant, Tomopteris nationalis was constantly seen, and the remaining twelve species were rare. The richness and distribution of these holoplanktonic worms were poor compared with other collections obtained by different cruises in the adjacent offshore regions of the survey area. These results are discussed from a biogeographical point of view.
Ecology of Syllidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from shallow rocky environments in the Cantabrian Sea (South Bay of Biscay)
Authors: Serrano Alberto , San Martín Guillermo , López Eduardo
Published: October 2008

The syllids inhabiting 12 hard bottom macrobenthic habitats were studied. A total of 38 species belonging to 19 genera were identified. Differences in density, species richness, and diversity among habitats were analysed, as well as the relationships between these ecological parameters and depth range, slope and in-bay/out-bay gradient. The effect of environmental variables on syllid distribution was studied using canonical ordination. A high faunistic homogeneity has been found, since all biotopes were dominated by a low number of eurytopic species (Syllis armillaris, S. gracilis and S. variegata). Habitat complexity, determined by physical disturbance, is the main structuring factor in syllid populations. Biotopes with the highest structural complexity displayed a high number of companion species increasing ecological indices and denoting a well-structured habitat. On the other hand, communities such as in upper intertidal habitats, mainly controlled by physical environmental variables, showed a poorer syllid fauna, dominated by ubiquitious species and a few stenotopic species well-adapted to those environments. However, this is not the case in some other intertidal biotopes, such as in Corallina, whose tangled structure prevents drying and provides shelter from predation, allowing a richer and more diverse syllid fauna.
The market features of imported non-indigenous polychaetes in Portugal and consequent ecological concerns
Authors: Fidalgo e Costa Pedro , Gil Joao , Passos Ana María , Pereira Paula , Melo Pedro , Batista Frederico , Cancela da Fonseca Luis
Published: October 2008

The importance of the market for polychaetes dramatically increased after the discovery of their potential as food in aquaculture. In Portugal, the gathering of polychaetes solely from natural populations is not sufficient to meet market demand, both as bait for sea anglers and as a food item in aquaculture. The requests for worms to polychaete dealers by Portuguese and Spanish seafarms have increased during recent years. Due to the lack of intensive culture of these worms in Portugal and the proximity of southern Spanish farms, a large component of imported polychaetes that arrive in Portugal at Lisbon Airport go directly to Spain by road. In 2002 and 2003 a total of 12,728,379 and 16,866,839 polychaetes respectively were imported to Europe via Lisbon Airport from China and the USA. In 2003 the imports from China and the USA realised 716,180 and 291,845 US dollars respectively. Two species were reported to have been imported in these years, namely the Korean blue ragworm Perinereis aibuhitensis and the American bloodworm Glycera dibranchiata. Imports of non-indigenous species, which are traded and sold alive, may increase the risk of accidental introduction into the wild. This is of special concern as Perinereis aibuhitensis has been successfully reared in captivity within the range of environmental conditions existing in the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon. Other risks associated with introduced species are the transport of foreign pathogens and other associated non-native organisms, which may act as carriers of disease.
Significance of chaetal arrangement for maldanid systematics (Annelida, Maldanidae)
Authors: Hausen Harald , Bleidorn Christoph
Published: October 2008

Maldanids are usually divided into several subfamilies: Euclymeninae, Lumbriclymeninae, Maldaninae, Nicomachinae, Rhodininae, Clymenurinae, Notoproctinae, and Boguinae. The taxonomy of maldanids and the delimination of these taxa are mainly based on head morphology, total number of segments, chaetal structure, shape of the pygidium, and position of the anus. The maldanid ingroup relationships, as well as the monophyly of the proposed subfamilies, have so far not been investigated. Pilgrim (1977) described a shift of the notopodial chaetal rows from a transverse direction in anterior chaetigers to a more longitudinal one in posterior chaetigers in Clymene torquata (Leidy, 1855) and Euclymene oerstedii (Claparède, 1863), both belonging to the Euclymeninae. We investigated several maldanid species to assess the usefulness of this character for maldanid systematics and used 3D-reconstruction techniques to reveal the complete geometry of the chaetal sacs. Our investigation shows that a shift is apparent in Euclymene, Axiothella, Johnstonia (all Euclymeninae) and Clymenura (Clymenurinae), but absent in species like Maldane sarsi (Malmgren, 1865), Metasychis disparidentata (Moore, 1904) (both Maldaninae) and Petaloproctus borealis Ardwisson, 1906 (Nicomachinae). The shift is not typical for sedentary polychaetes and is apomorphic within maldanid polychaetes. It thus argues for a close relationship between Euclymeninae and Clymenurinae. The investigation of further maldanid species of different subfamilies may shed additional light on maldanid systematics.
Description of three new species of Ninoe and Cenogenus (Polychaeta: Lumbrineridae) from the Mexican Pacific
Authors: Hernández-Alcántara Pablo , Pérez-Mendoza Alma Yazmín , Solís-Weiss Vivianne
Published: October 2008

In this study, 169 lumbrinerids of the genera Ninoe and Cenogenus from the sublittoral zone of the Gulf of California and Gulf of Tehuantepec were analysed. Previous records in these regions of the Mexican Pacific included five species of Ninoe (N. chilensis, N. foliosa, N. gemmea, N. longibranchia and N. moorei) and two of Cenogenus (originally identified as Ninoe fusca and N. fuscoides). Ninoe jessicae and N. marthae are newly described. They are characterized by the presence of multidentate hooded hooks from chaetiger 1 and at least 7 branchial filaments in the best developed branchiae. N. marthae n. sp. differs not only from N. jessicae n. sp. but also from the other species of the genus Ninoe, because only four teeth are present in maxilla II, while in all the other described species, 6-8 teeth are present there. The new species Cenogenus eliae is characterized by the presence of branchiae starting at chaetigers 32-51 and simple multidentate hooded hooks in all parapodia.
Otolith atlas for the western Mediterranean, north and central eastern Atlantic
Authors: Tuset Victor M. , Lombarte Antoni , Assis Carlos A.
Published: October 2008

The sagittal otolith of 348 species, belonging to 99 families and 22 orders of marine Teleostean fishes from the north and central eastern Atlantic and western Mediterranean were described using morphological and morphometric characters. The morphological descriptions were based on the otolith shape, outline and sulcus acusticus features. The morphometric parameters determined were otolith length (OL, mm), height (OH, mm), perimeter (P; mm) and area (A; mm2) and were expressed in terms of shape indices as circularity (P2/A), rectangularity (A/(OL×OH)), aspect ratio (OH/OL; %) and OL/fish size. The present Atlas provides information that complements the characterization of some ichthyologic taxa. In addition, it constitutes an important instrument for species identification using sagittal otoliths collected in fossiliferous layers, in archaeological sites or in feeding remains of bony fish predators.
Rubber/LDH nanocomposites by solution blending
Authors: Kuila T. , Srivastava S. K. , Bhowmick A. K.
Published: October 2008

The rubber nanocomposites containing ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) having 60 wt % of vinyl acetate content and organomodified layered double hydroxide (DS‐LDH) as nanofiller have been prepared by solution intercalation method and characterized. The XRD and TEM analysis demonstrate the formation of completely exfoliated EVA/DS‐LDH nanocomposites for 1 wt % filler loading followed by partially exfoliated structure for 5–8 wt % of DS‐LDH content. EVA/DS‐LDH nanocomposites show improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB) in comparison with neat EVA. The maximum value of TS (5.1 MPa) is noted for 3 wt % of DS‐LDH content with respect to TS value of pure EVA (2.6 MPa). The data from thermogravimetric analysis show the improvement in thermal stability of the nanocomposites by ≈15°C with respect to neat EVA. Limiting oxygen index measurements show that the nanocomposites act as good flame retardant materials. Swelling property analysis shows improved solvent resistance behavior of the nanocomposites (1, 3, and 5 wt % DS‐LDH content) compared with neat EVA‐60. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Molded geometry and viscoelastic behavior of film insert molded parts
Authors: Kim Seong Yun , Kim Sung Ho , Oh Hwa Jin , Lee Seung Hwan , Baek Soo Jin , Youn Jae Ryoun , Lee Sung Hee , Kim Sun‐Woo
Published: October 2008

Virgin injection‐molded tensile specimens without any inserted film and four kinds of film insert molded (FIM) tensile specimens were prepared. They were annealed at 80°C to investigate the effect of residual stresses and thermal shrinkage of the inserted film on thermal deformation of tensile specimens. The FIM specimens with the unannealed film were bent after ejection in such a way that the film side was protruded and the warpage was reversed gradually during annealing and the film side was intruded. Warpage of the FIM specimen with the film annealed at 80°C for 20 days was not reversed during annealing. Processing of the FIM specimens have been modeled numerically to predict thermoviscoelastic deformation of the part and to understand the warpage reversal phenomenon (WRP). Nonisothermal three‐dimensional flow analysis was carried out for filling, packing, and cooling stages. The flow analysis results were transported to a finite element stress analysis program for prediction of deformation of the FIM part. The WRP was caused by the combined effect of thermal shrinkage of the inserted film and relaxation of residual stresses in the FIM specimen during annealing. It is expected that this study will contribute towards the improvement of the FIM product quality and prevention of large viscoelastic deformation of the molded part. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation of polyethersulfone–alginate microcapsules for controlled release
Authors: Zhang Yijia , Wei Qiang , Yi Chuanbin , Hu Changyu , Zhao WeiFeng , Zhao Changsheng
Published: October 2008

In this study, polyethersulfone (PES)–alginate microcapsules were prepared for drug‐controlled release, and vitamin B12 (VB12), rifampicin (RFP), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used as model drugs. Different microcapsules were prepared by the variation of the crosslinking degree of alginate and the variation of the chemical components of the microcapsule membrane, including the PES and polyethylene glycol (PEG) contents. Systematic experiments were carried out to study their influences on the release profile of the model drugs. The results showed that with the increase of the crosslinking degree of the alginate, the drug release rate increased; whereas with the increase of the PES concentration used to prepare the microcapsule membrane, the drug release rate decreased. The contents of the PEG in the microcapsule membrane also affected the drug release. This study enriched the methodology of the fabrication of the microcapsules, and the microcapsules may have a potential use for controlled release. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation of VB‐a/POSS hybrid monomer and its polymerization of polybenzoxazine/POSS hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Huang Jieh‐Ming , Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Huang Hui‐Ju , Wang Yu‐Xiang , Chen Yun‐Ting
Published: October 2008

A benzoxazine monomer (VB‐a) containing an allyl groups was synthesized through the Mannich condensation of bisphenol A, formaldehyde, and allylamine (bisphenol‐A and allylamine as VB‐a). This monomer was then reacted with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) through hydrosilylation, followed by thermal curing to form poly(VB‐a)/POSS hybrid nanocomposites. The curing behavior of the nanocomposites was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and their thermal and morphological properties were investigated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy. DMA revealed that the glass transition temperatures of the poly(VB‐a)/POSS nanocomposites were higher than that of the pristine poly(VB‐a), presumably because the POSS cages effectively hindered the motion of the polymer chains. TGA confirmed that the thermal degradation temperatures and char yields of the polybenzoxazines increased after incorporation of the POSS moieties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A finite frequency domain approach to fault detection observer design for linear continuous‐time systems
Authors: Wang Heng , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: October 2008

This paper deals with the fault detection observer design problem in finite frequency domain for linear time‐invariant continuous‐time systems with bounded disturbances. Two finite frequency performance indexes are introduced to measure the fault sensitivity and the disturbance robustness. Faults are considered in the low frequency domain while disturbances are considered in certain finite frequency domain. With the aid of the Generalized Kalman‐Yakubovich‐Popov lemma, the design methods are presented in terms of solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities. An example of the VTOL aircraft is studied to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Elstern: Selbsterkennen im Spiegel
Authors: Prior Helmut , Güntürkün Onur
Published: October 2008

In Markierungstests zeigten Elstern (Pica pica) Verhaltensweisen, die Hinweise auf die Fähigkeit zur Selbsterkennung liefern. Bestehen solche Fähigkeiten in einer Gruppe, die sich seit vielleicht 300 Millionen Jahren getrennt von den Säugetieren entwickelt hat, eröffnet dies neue Perspektiven für ein Verständnis der evolutionären Rahmenbedingungen höherer Hirnleistungen.
Noninvasive diagnosis of solitary pulmonary lesions in cancer patients based on 2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose avidity on positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Bar‐Shalom Rachel , Kagna Olga , Israel Ora , Guralnik Ludmila
Published: October 2008

BACKGROUND.

2‐Fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG) imaging is highly accurate for assessing solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) in patients without known malignancy. In the current study, the authors evaluated FDG‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the characterization of SPN in cancer patients.

METHODS.

FDG‐PET/CT was performed in 56 cancer patients to evaluate SPNs that measured 15 ± 8 mm in greatest dimension. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology (n = 34 patients), or by CT or clinical follow‐up (n = 22 patients). The performance of PET/CT was calculated for visual and semiquantitative assessment and was related to SPN size, location, histology, and time after initial cancer diagnosis.

RESULTS.

Malignancy was diagnosed in 27 of 56 SPNs (48%; 18 second primary tumors and 9 metastases). There were 26 true‐positive PET/CT studies (17 second primaries and 9 metastases), 5 false‐positive studies, 24 true‐negative studies, and 1 false‐negative study. The sensitivity of PET/CT for diagnosing malignant SPN in patients with cancer was significantly greater for visual analysis than for semiquantitative analysis (96% vs 89%, respectively; P < .05). Specificity and accuracy were similar for both methods (83% and 89% vs 93% and 91%, respectively). The presence of low‐intensity FDG uptake increased the detection rate of malignancy from 4% in non‐FDG–avid SPNs to 40%, mainly in second primary tumors. False‐positive results were more frequent with lower than mediastinal uptake versus higher than mediastinal uptake (3 of 5 SPNs vs 2 of 26 SPNs, respectively; P < .01) and in SPNs >10 mm.

CONCLUSIONS.

FDG imaging was highly accurate for the diagnosis of malignant SPNs in patients with cancer, similar to the general population. The presence of any FDG avidity had significantly greater sensitivity than semiquantitative analysis. The current results indicated that lower than mediastinal uptake should be explored cautiously, particularly for second primary tumors, whereas no FDG avidity was a better predictor of SPN benignity than very low uptake. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Performance analysis of relative service using TCP‐aware marking and dynamic WRED
Authors: Bouras Christos , Sevasti Afrodite
Published: October 2008

The implementation of successful assured forwarding (AF) services according to the DiffServ framework remains a challenging problem today, despite the numerous proposals for assured forwarding per‐hop‐behaviour (AF PHB) mechanisms and AF‐based service implementations. The interaction of the TCP and UDP traffic under an AF‐based service and a number of relative issues such as fairness among flows, achievable bandwidth guarantees and qualitative performance have been taken into consideration in this work in order to address the existing limitations. We propose two modules, the TCP‐window aware marker (TWAM) and the dynamic WRED (WRED) mechanism for implementing the differentiated services (DiffServ) AF PHB. We provide analytical models and an experimental evaluation in order to demonstrate how they succeed in enhancing the quality, improving the performance and easing the deployment of a production level AF‐based service. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with low‐grade gliomas
Authors: Ris M. Douglas , Beebe Dean W.
Published: October 2008

As a group, children with low‐grade gliomas (LGGs) enjoy a high rate of long‐term survival and do not require the intensity of neurotoxic treatments used with higher risk pediatric brain tumors. Because they are generally considered to have favorable neurobehavioral outcomes, they have not been studied as thoroughly as higher‐grade brain tumors by late‐effects researchers. In this article, we review the literature on the neurobehavioral effects associated with low‐grade gliomas and conclude that, (1) this is a large, understudied group of survivors of pediatric brain tumors; (2) recent small‐ and large‐scale studies document increased risk in multiple cognitive‐behavioral domains after treatment for LGGs compared with healthy peers; (3) such risk is not uniform but varies with tumor location and treatments; and (4) a life span development perspective is essential to a complete understanding of the risks faced by these children. More research on the most efficacious biopsychosocial treatment models for improving the outcomes of survivors of low‐grade glioma is recommended, informed by a better understanding of theireducational needs. Investigations of genetic influences on outcome as well as prospective studies of these patients as they age are also recommended. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:196–202.
Evaluation of the Heterogeneously Catalyzed Strecker Reaction Conducted Under Continuous Flow
Authors: Wiles Charlotte , Watts Paul
Published: October 2008

Building on our experience of micro‐reaction technology, we present herein the evaluation of an integrated borosilicate glass micro reactor in which 51 α‐aminonitriles were synthesized via a series of continuous solution‐phase and heterogeneously catalyzed reaction steps, affording analytically pure products in yields > 99.6 %. As an extension to this, the ability to selectivity synthesize aldehydic Strecker products in the presence of ketonic functionalities was also investigated, concluding with the chemoselective synthesis of 2‐(4‐acetylphenyl)‐2‐(phenethylamino)acetonitrile whereby the desired product was obtained in 99.8 % yield and quantitative purity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Determination of cocaine and its metabolites using cation‐selective exhaustive injection and sweeping‐MEKC
Authors: Su Hsiu‐Li , Feng Lan‐Ing , Jen Hsiu‐Ping , Hsieh You‐Zung
Published: October 2008

We have employed a high‐sensitivity on‐line preconcentration method, cation‐selective exhaustive injection (CSEI) and sweeping MEKC, for the analysis of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, norcocaine, and cocaethylene. We monitored the effects of several of the CSEI‐sweeping‐MEKC parameters – including the pH, the concentrations of SDS and organic modifier, the injection length of the high‐conductivity buffer, and the injection time of the sample – to optimize the separation process. The optimal BGE was 100 mM phosphoric acid (pH 1.8) containing 75 mM SDS with 10% 2‐propanol and 10% tetrahydrofuran as the organic modifier. In addition, electrokinetic injection of the sample at 15 kV for 900 s provided both high separation efficiency and enhanced sweeping sensitivity. The sensitivity enhancements for cocaine, norcocaine, and cocaethylene ranged from 2.06×104 to 3.96×104; for benzoylecgonine it was 1.75×103; the coefficients of determination exceeded 0.9958. The LODs, based on an S/N ratio of 3:1, of sweeping‐MEKC ranged from 33.5 to 52.8 ng/mL; in contrast, when using CSEI‐sweeping‐MEKC the sensitivity increased to range from 29.7 to 236 pg/mL. Under the optimal conditions, we analyzed cocaine in a human urine sample prepared using off‐line SPE to minimize the influence of the matrix. The recovery of the SPE efficiency was satisfactory (ca. 74.9–87.6%). Our experimental results suggest that, under the optimal conditions, the CSEI‐sweeping‐MEKC method can be used to determine cocaine and its metabolites with high sensitivity in human urine.
Der wissenschaftliche Nachlass Werner Rothmalers im Herbarium Haussknecht Jena (JE)
Authors: Manitz H.
Published: October 2008

Im Herbarium Haussknecht Jena (JE) befindet sich der wissenschaftliche Nachlass von Werner Rothmaler (1908–1962). Erwerbungsgeschichte und Bestand werden dargestellt. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New species and new records of cercosporoid Hyphomycetes from Venezuela
Authors: Braun U. , Urtiaga R.
Published: October 2008

The new species Pseudocercospora besleriae, P. clibadiicola, P. licaniae, P. miconiigena, P. pehriae, P. rothmaleri, P. swieteniae, P. triplaridis, Stenella guazumae, S. schubertiana and the new varieties Pseudocercospora consociata var. dimorpha and P. mombin var. venezuelensis are described and illustrated. Furthermore, some new host species and new records of cercosporoid Hyphomycetes for Venezuela are listed and discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Die Erfassung vieler Grund‐ und Stauwasserhöhen am Beispiel des Forstbotanischen Gartens Eberswalde
Authors: Endtmann K. J.
Published: October 2008

Der Forstbotanische Garten Eberswalde besitzt überaus viele Moortypen, im Solitärarboretum (8 ha), Kleinbestandsarboretum (50 ha) und in der nahen Umgebung. Es wurde ein sehr enges Netz von Grundwassermessrohren zur Beobachtung der Höhe von Grund‐ bzw. Stauwasser aufgebaut. Ausgewählte Kurven belegen viele Unterschiede in den Spiegelhöhen. Die Methode zeigt Möglichkeiten, zukünftige, durch den Klimawandel bedingte Veränderungen an Mooren abzuschätzen. Dazu ist die Fortsetzung der Messungen an diesen sowie weiteren, noch anzulegenden Messstellen unbedingt notwendig. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Centenary of the International Review of Hydrobiology From Documentation of Single Plankton and Benthos Phenomena to Community Metabolism and Use of Molecular Probes
Authors: Uhlmann Dietrich , Walz Norbert
Published: October 2008

The “Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie” was founded in 1908 by Richard Woltereck. That journal was one of the two oldest hydrobiological periodicals in the world. The aim of the journal was to serve as a synthesis of disciplinary studies. The journal had an eventful history which can be divided into 3 periods from 1908‐1944, 1959–1989, and 1989–2008. In 1998 the title was modified slightly to “International Review of Hydrobiology”. Throughout its history, this hydrobiological journal dealt with aquatic organisms and covered many aspects of Limnology and Marine Biology where they were relevant to an ecological understanding.

Die Wissenschaft von heute ist der Irrtum von morgen

“The science of today is the error of tomorrow”

Jakob von Üxküll 1864–1944 (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)