bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative performance analysis of hemispherical solar stills using date and olive kernels as heat storage material
Authors: Khelifi Reski , Chekifi Tawfiq , Belaid Abdelfetah , Guermoui Mawloud , Rabehi Abdelaziz , Khaled Ferkous , Adouane Mabrouk , Al-Qattan Ayman , Agajie Takele Ferede
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the performance of hemispherical solar stills (HSS) enhanced with date kernels and olive kernels as heat storage materials to improve water distillation efficiency. By utilizing these natural and sustainable materials, the research highlights an alternative to synthetic options. Rigorous experimentation and detailed analysis under identical conditions reveal that both kernels significantly improve heat retention and water production rates. The HSS with date kernels (HSSDK) achieved a daily water productivity of 6.66 kg/m2 day, representing an efficiency increase of 10.87%, while the HSS with olive kernels (HSSOK) produced 8.00 kg/m2 day, enhancing efficiency by 13.54%. The cost per m3 of distilled water for HSSDK is approximately USD 4.65, while HSSOK costs USD 3.89, compared to USD 7.83 for the conventional CHSS system. These results demonstrate that the inclusion of heat storage materials has significantly reduced the cost of water production, with reductions of about 40% for HSSDK and 50% for HSSOK compared to the conventional system. These results are attributed to the high thermal conductivity and specific heat capacities of the kernels, enabling effective heat storage and gradual release. This study demonstrates the potential of agricultural by-products as cost-effective and sustainable solutions for solar water distillation. Further research is recommended to optimize the quantities and configurations of these materials, as well as to explore their integration with other renewable energy systems to enhance overall efficiency and sustainability.
Enhanced expression of dystrophin, IGF-1, CD44 and MYH3 in plasma and skeletal muscles including diaphragm of mdx mice after oral administration of Neu REFIX beta 1,3-1,6 glucan
Authors: Preethy Senthilkumar , Sakamoto Shuji , Higuchi Takuma , Ichiyama Koji , Yamamoto Naoki , Ikewaki Nobunao , Iwasaki Masaru , Dedeepiya Vidyasagar Devaprasad , Srinivasan Subramaniam , Raghavan Kadalraja , Rajmohan Mathaiyan , Senthilkumar Rajappa , Abraham Samuel JK
Published: February 2025

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare genetic disease, causing muscle degeneration due to lack of dystrophin with inadequate muscle regeneration culminating in muscle dysfunction. The N-163 strain of Aureobasidium Pullulans produced Beta-1,3 − 1,6-glucan (Neu REFIX) reported to be safe with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic efficacy earlier, herein we evaluated its effects on muscle regeneration in mdx mice. Forty-five mice in three groups (n = 15 each): Group 1 (normal), Group 2 (mdx control), and Group 3 (mdx fed Neu REFIX) were evaluated for 45 days. IGF-1, Dystrophin, CD44 and MYH3 in diaphragm, plasma and skeletal muscle were evaluated by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Mean IGF-1 expression was 20.32% and 16.27% higher in plasma (p = 0.03) and diaphragm respectively in Neu-REFIX group. Mean dystrophin was higher in Neu-REFIX group by 70.3% and 4.7% in diaphragm and plasma respectively than control. H-score intensity of CD44 + was > 2.0 with an MYH3-positivity 20% higher in Neu-REFIX than control. Oral administration of Neu REFIX was safe. Significantly enhanced plasma IGF-1 beside increased Dystrophin, MYH3 and CD44, proving a restoration of muscle regeneration and differentiation, especially in diaphragm, makes us recommend it as a disease modifying adjuvant in both early and advanced stages of DMD.
Poleward displacement of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies in response to Early Holocene warming
Authors: Perren Bianca B. , Kaiser Jérôme , Arz Helge W. , Dellwig Olaf , Hodgson Dominic A. , Lamy Frank
Published: February 2025

Recent intensification of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies has resulted in important changes to ocean circulation, Antarctic ice shelf stability and precipitation regimes in the continents abutting the Southern Ocean. Efforts to resolve the natural behaviour of the Westerlies over sub-millennial to millennial-timescales are critical to anticipating future changes with continued 21st Century warming. Here we present an ~11,000 year diatom-inferred sea salt aerosol and multiproxy geochemical record preserved in lake sediments from Cape Horn (56°S) which documents warm conditions and stronger-than-present Westerlies in the Early Holocene (10 000–7500 calibrated years before present) at this site. Combined with other regional records, we demonstrate that the Westerlies were poleward of their current position during the Early Holocene. This poleward migration of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies in response to peak Holocene warmth provides an analogue for future warming and greater impacts on the southern high latitudes and global climate in the coming decades.
Structure of the [Ca]E2P intermediate of Ca2+-ATPase 1 from Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Basse Hansen Sara , Flygaard Rasmus Kock , Kjaergaard Magnus , Nissen Poul
Published: February 2025

Active transport by P-type Ca2+-ATPases maintain internal calcium stores and a low cytosolic calcium concentration. Structural studies of mammalian sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCA) have revealed several steps of the transport cycle, but a calcium-releasing intermediate has remained elusive. Single-molecule FRET studies of the bacterial Ca2+-ATPase LMCA1 revealed an intermediate of the transition between so-called [Ca]E1P and E2P states and suggested that calcium release from this intermediate was the essentially irreversible step of transport. Here, we present a 3.5 Å resolution cryo-EM structure for a four-glycine insertion mutant of LMCA1 in a lipid nanodisc obtained under conditions with calcium and ATP and adopting such an intermediate state, denoted [Ca]E2P. The cytosolic domains are positioned in the E2P-like conformation, while the calcium-binding transmembrane (TM) domain adopts a calcium-bound E1P-ADP-like conformation. Missing density for the E292 residue at the calcium site (the equivalent of SERCA1a E309) suggests flexibility and a site poised for calcium release and proton uptake. The structure suggests a mechanism where ADP release and re-organization of the cytoplasmic domains precede calcium release.
The spectrum of lysosomal stress and damage responses: from mechanosensing to inflammation
Authors: Scott Ori , Saran Ekambir , Freeman Spencer A
Published: February 2025

Cells and tissues turn over their aged and damaged components in order to adapt to a changing environment and maintain homeostasis. These functions rely on lysosomes, dynamic and heterogeneous organelles that play essential roles in nutrient redistribution, metabolism, signaling, gene regulation, plasma membrane repair, and immunity. Because of metabolic fluctuations and pathogenic threats, lysosomes must adapt in the short and long term to maintain functionality. In response to such challenges, lysosomes deploy a variety of mechanisms that prevent the breaching of their membrane and escape of their contents, including pathogen-associated molecules and hydrolases. While transient permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane can have acute beneficial effects, supporting inflammation and antigen cross-presentation, sustained or repeated lysosomal perforations have adverse metabolic and transcriptional consequences and can lead to cell death. This review outlines factors contributing to lysosomal stress and damage perception, as well as remedial processes aimed at addressing lysosomal disruptions. We conclude that lysosomal stress plays widespread roles in human physiology and pathology, the understanding and manipulation of which can open the door to novel therapeutic strategies.
Synthesis and characterization of triazole-functionalized mixed-valent Si(I)–Si(III) and bis(germylene) compounds
Authors: Pandey Madhusudan Kumar , Hendi Zohreh , Wang Xiaobai , Muhammed Shahila , Kumar Arun , Singh Mukesh Kumar , Herbst-Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar , Parameswaran Pattiyil , Roesky Herbert W
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of mixed-valent main-group compounds is a challenging goal that developed significant interest recently. The reaction of 1-(2-bromophenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole with nBuLi, followed by treatment with [(PhC(tBuN)2SiCl)], yielded a rare Si(I)–Si(III)...
Inferring Networks of Chemical Reactions by Curvature Analysis of Kinetic Trajectories
Authors: Narayanan Vignesh , Bordoh Lawrence K. , Kiss Istvan Zalan , Li Jr-Shin
Published: February 2025

Quantifying interaction networks of chemical reactions allows description, prediction, and control of a range of phenomena in chemistry and biology. The challenge lies in unambiguously assigning contributions to changes in...
Properties of steam exploded orange peel fiber as compared to commercial citrus fiber and peel powders
Authors: Dorado Christina , Zhao Wei , Wood Dave , Plotto Anne
Published: February 2025

Steam explosion (STEX) can be used to produce food fibers from orange peel with similar properties to that of commercial citrus fiber.
Computer vision for high-throughput analysis of pickering emulsions
Authors: Richards Kieran D. , Comish Ella , Evans Rachel C
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate the circle-Hough transform (CHT) as a highly efficient and general computer vision tool for the quantitative assessment of droplet size from optical microscopy images of Pickering emulsions.
Functionalized ZIF-8 as a versatile platform for drug delivery and cancer therapy: strategies, challenges and prospects
Authors: Gao Wenyue , Han Xinping , Li Ling , Xu Yan , Xu Min , Gao Zhu , Wang Cuijuan
Published: February 2025

This review discusses the functionalization strategies of ZIF-8 and challenges and future developments in ZIF-8-based platforms for drug delivery and cancer therapy.
An ecofriendly iron MOF-based immunosensor for sensitive detection of vascular endothelium growth factor in serum of cancer patients
Authors: ZIZZARI ILARIA GRAZIA Grazia , Gigli Valeria , Gentili Tommaso , Tortolini Crisitina , Latini Alessandro , Rughetti Aurelia , di Gregorio Maria Chiara , Isidori Andrea , Nuti Marianna , Antiochia Riccarda
Published: February 2025

This work demonstrates the potential of an iron-based metal-organic framework, MIL-100(Fe), to effectively modify a multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) screen printed electrode (SPE) for enhanced electrochemical immunosensing of the vascular...
Targeting catabolite control protein A from Staphylococcus aureus by auranofin
Authors: Lin Wenjing , Chen Jingjing , Huang Ziying , Li Haijun , Chen Yushou , Duan Xuemin , Xiong Yan-Shi , Han Bingjie , Jiang Guijuan , Wang Jintao , Liao Xiangwen
Published: February 2025

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus poses a huge threat to public health. Therefore, novel strategy to overcome antibiotic resistance are urgently needed. Auranofin, a marketed metallodrug for rheumatoid arthritis,...
Correction: A highly adhesive, self-healing and perdurable PEDOT:PSS/PAA–Fe3+ gel enabled by multiple non-covalent interactions for multi-functional wearable electronics
Authors: Gao Qiang , Li Chao , Wang Mingxu , Zhu Jiadeng , Munna Dheeman Roy , Wang Peng , Zhu Chunhong , Gao Jiefeng , Gao Chunxia
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘A highly adhesive, self-healing and perdurable PEDOT:PSS/PAA–Fe3+ gel enabled by multiple non-covalent interactions for multi-functional wearable electronics’ by Qiang Gao et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 6271–6280, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TC00613H.
Laryngeal Aerodynamics, Acoustics, and Hypernasality in Children With Cleft Palate
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Munday John , Johnson Rebecca , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between laryngeal aerodynamics, acoustics, and hypernasality in children with cleft palate with or without lip (CP ± L).

Method:

This study used a prospectively performed cross-sectional design. Fifty-six children between the ages of 6 and 17 years with CP ± L participated (
M
age
= 11.7,
SD
= 3.4; male = 32, female = 24). Children were separated into four groups based on auditory-perceptual ratings of hypernasality made using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented-Americleft Modification protocol. Laryngeal aerodynamic measures including subglottal pressure, transglottal airflow, laryngeal aerodynamic resistance (LAR), and phonation threshold pressure were collected. Acoustic measures of smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and low-to-high ratio on sustained vowels and connected speech were also considered. Analyses controlled for age, sex, auditory-perceptual ratings of voice quality, and speech intelligibility.

Results:

Children with minimally or mildly hypernasal resonance demonstrated significantly increased subglottal pressure, reduced transglottal airflow, and increased LAR, when compared with children with balanced or moderately hypernasal resonance. CPP on sustained vowel was significantly lower for children with moderate hypernasality when compared with all other groups—suggesting poorer voice quality. Other acoustic measures were in or near normative pediatric range.

Conclusions:

Children with CP ± L and minimal or mildly hypernasal resonance demonstrated aerodynamic voice measures indicative of vocal hyperfunction. These findings suggest that children with CP ± L may compensate for velopharyngeal dysfunction on a laryngeal level, thus increasing the risk of laryngeal pathology. Future study should explore the relationship between laryngeal function and velopharyngeal port closure and consider how voice problems can be prevented or mitigated in children with CP ± L.
Small-scale and large-scale dynamos in global convection simulations of solar-like stars
Authors: Warnecke J. , Korpi-Lagg M.J. , Rheinhardt M. , Viviani M. , Prabhu A.
Published: February 2025

It has recently been shown numerically that a small-scale dynamo (SSD) instability might be possible in solar-like low magnetic Prandtl number plasmas. It was proposed that the presence of SSD might have a significant effect on the dynamics of the large-scale dynamo (LSD) in stellar convection zones. The simultaneous study of these two dynamos, SSD and LSD, in a global magnetoconvection model requires high-resolution simulations and large amounts of computational resources. Starting from a well-studied global convective dynamo model that produces cyclic magnetic fields, we systematically increased the resolution and lowered the diffusivities to enter the regime of Reynolds numbers that enable the excitation of SSD in addition to the LSD. We studied the change in the properties of convection, generated differential rotation profiles, and LSD solutions due to the presence of SSD. We performed semiglobal convective dynamo simulations in a spherical wedge with the Pencil Code. The resolutions of the models were increased in four steps by a total factor of 16 to achieve maximum fluid and magnetic Reynolds numbers of above 500. We found that differential rotation is strongly quenched by the presence of the LSD and SSD. Even though the small-scale magnetic field only mildly decreases with increasing Reynolds number, the large-scale field strength decreases significantly. We found no significant quenching of the convective flows by the SSD, as recently claimed by other authors; in contrast, the convective flows first grow and then saturate for increasing Reynolds numbers. Furthermore, the angular momentum transport is highly affected by the presence of small-scale magnetic fields, which are mostly generated by LSD. These fields not only change the Reynolds stresses, but also generate dynamically important Maxwell stresses. The LSD evolution in terms of its pattern and field distribution is rather independent of the increase in the fluid and magnetic Reynolds numbers. At high fluid and magnetic Reynolds numbers, an SSD can be excited in addition to the LSD, and both strongly affect the angular momentum transport. Hence, it is important to study both dynamos and their interplay together to fully understand the dynamics of the Sun and other stars.
14N/15N abundance ratio toward massive star-forming regions with different Galactic distances
Authors: Ruan Chang , Wang Junzhi , Ou Chao , Li Juan , Zhang Bo
Published: February 2025

Context. The abundance ratio of 14N/15N is, in principle, a powerful tool for tracing stellar nucleosynthesis.

Aims. This work aims to measure and analyze (14N/15N) × (13C/12C) and 14N/15N abundance ratios in massive star-forming regions across a range of galactocentric distances to provide constraints on galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models.

Methods. We present H13CN and HC15N J = 2–1 results toward 51massive star-forming regions obtained with the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30 meter telescope. We used these results to derive (14N/15N) × (13C/12C) abundance ratios as well as 14N/15N ratios using the double isotope method.

Results. We find an overall decreasing trend in the (14N/15N) × (13C/12C) abundance ratio and an increasing trend in the 14N/15N ratio with increasing galactocentric distance (DGC), which provides a good constraint for the GCE model based on high signal to noise ratio measurements. While the predicted (14N/15N) × (13C/12C) ratios between 6 and 12 kpc determined using current GCE models are consistent with our observational results, the ratios from models for DGC less than 6 kpc are significantly higher than the observational results, which indicates GCE models for 14N/15N and/or 13C/12C ratios need to be updated for at least this range.
Wandering and escaping: Recoiling massive black holes in cosmological simulations
Authors: An Dong-Páez Chi , Volonteri Marta , Dubois Yohan , Beckmann Ricarda S. , Trebitsch Maxime
Published: February 2025

After a merger of two massive black holes (MBHs), the remnant receives a gravitational wave (GW) recoil kick that can have a strong effect on its future evolution. The magnitude of the kick (v_ depends on the mass ratio and the alignment of the spins and orbital angular momenta, and therefore on the previous evolution of the MBHs. We investigate the cosmic effect of GW recoil by running for the first time a high-resolution cosmological simulation including on-the-fly GW recoil that depends on the MBH spins (evolved through accretion and mergers), masses and dynamics which are also all evolved directly in the simulation. We also run a twin simulation without GW recoil. The simulations are zoom-in type of simulations run down to z=4.4. We find that GW recoil reduces the growth of merger remnants, and can have a significant effect on the MBH-galaxy correlations and the merger rate. We find large recoil kicks across all galaxy masses in the simulation, up to a few solarmass $. The effect of recoil can be significant even if the MBHs are embedded in a rotationally supported gaseous structure. We investigate the dynamics of recoiling MBHs and find that MBHs remain in the centre of the host galaxy for low v_ recoil /v_ esc and escape rapidly for high v_ recoil /v_ esc . Only if v_ is comparable to v_ the MBHs escape the central region of the galaxy but might remain as wandering MBHs until the end of the simulation. Recoiling MBHs are a significant fraction of the wandering MBH population. Although the dynamics of recoiling MBHs can be complex, some retain their initial radial orbits but are difficult to discern from other wandering MBHs on radial orbits. Others scatter with the halo substructure or circularise in the asymmetric potential. Our work highlights the importance of including GW recoil in cosmological simulation models.
Feeding behavior and food palatability of Sunda slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) at the Primates Research Center, IPB University
Authors: Natasya Adies Mauridzka , Rianti Puji , Darusman Huda Shalahudin , Widiyani Tetri
Published: February 2025

Sunda slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) is a primate native to Indonesia, West Malaysia, southern Thailand, and Singapore. This omnivore species feeds mainly on tree gum, fruits, and insects. Sunda slow loris in ex-situ conservation facilities might not have a similar diet to that of the natural habitat. Here, we studied the feeding behavior and food palatability of Sunda slow loris at the Primate Research Center, IPB University (PRC-IPB). We selected three males and three females of Sunda slow lorises. Over 30 days, we conducted behavioral observations during two time periods: 06:00-12:00 pm and 01.00-06.00 am, using the focal animal sampling method. The first meal was weighed before being delivered to the lorises to monitor Sunda’s slow lorises’ food palatability. Then, after twelve hours, the remaining meal was weighed. Sunda slow loris behavior data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA to differentiate gender. A descriptive analysis of the palatability data was also conducted. Our findings revealed that the feeding behavior percentage (7.34%) of Sunda slow lorises was lower than resting behavior (16.1%) and locomotion behavior (73.8%). Males exhibited a significantly higher percentage of ingestive behavior (19.74%), drinking behavior (33.33%), and defecation behavior (18.52%) than females. The Sunda slow loris feed at PRC-IPB consisted of banana fruit, papaya fruit, boiled chicken eggs, and crickets (as an additional diet). In particular, the banana fruit demonstrated the highest palatability among the foods.
Trauma-induced testicular germ cell tumor in Priangan ram: A histopathological study
Authors: Prasaja Aditya Gilang , Wijaya Stevanie Andrea , Windria Sarasati , Septiyani  , Hartady Tyagita , Setyowati Endang Yuni , Wicaksana Dwi Nawang
Published: February 2025

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are a rare group of neoplasms originating from the uncontrolled growth of germ cells within the testes. These tumors can significantly disrupt reproductive function by interfering with normal spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production. This case report details a unique instance of a TGCT in a young, 2-year-old Priangan ram, initially suspected based on clinical findings of testicular abnormality. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of a seminoma, a specific type of TGCT, encompassing the entire seminiferous tubule, the site of sperm development within the testes. This extensive involvement suggests a potential for substantial disruption of the ram’s fertility. The observed seminoma displayed classic and spermatocyte subtype characteristics, adding complexity to the case. Trauma resulting from ram fighting is suspected as the underlying cause of this TGCT, highlighting a potential environmental factor in the development of these tumors. This report contributes valuable information to the limited body of knowledge surrounding TGCTs, emphasizing the importance of considering these neoplasms in the differential diagnosis of testicular abnormalities and recognizing their potential impact on male reproductive health.
Vaginal cytology and transabdominal ultrasonography evaluation in lowland anoa (Bubalus depressicornis) during early pregnancy
Authors: Safiranisa Aldhia , Hasna Afifah
Published: February 2025

Lowland anoa (Bubalus depressicornis) is an endemic mammal to Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, and is listed as an endangered species due to a stable population decline. Therefore, ex-situ conservation efforts, including captive breeding, play a significant role in anoa conservation efforts. Effective breeding programs depend on accurate reproductive management, particularly early pregnancy diagnosis. This study aims to describe the vaginal cytology and transabdominal ultrasonography evaluation in lowland anoa during early pregnancy. Female lowland anoa underwent estrous synchronization with the PGF2α hormone. Two administrations of 7.5mg luprostiol (Reprodin) were given intramuscularly at 14-day intervals, followed by natural mating two days later. Vaginal swabs were collected before and after synchronization, as well as after breeding, on days 25, 34, and 40. Samples were stained with diff-quik stains and observed microscopically. The vaginal epithelial profile remains dominated by parabasal and intermediate cells throughout the observation period. Transabdominal ultrasonography examination on day 41 post-mating confirmed the pregnancy diagnosis based on the presence of an embryo (head length 1.98 cm) in the gestational sac (diameter 10.22 cm). These findings suggest that vaginal cytology and transabdominal ultrasonography is a viable method for early pregnancy diagnosis in lowland anoa.
Successful unilateral mastectomy for gangrenous mastitis in an Etawa goat: A case study
Authors: Bermani Fadeli , Amri Satrio Faisal , Dwi Prayugo Armanda , Hiroyuki Andi , Septiyani
Published: February 2025

A Mastectomy is a type of surgery that involves removing the partial or entire mammary tissue and is commonly performed to treat chronic, gangrenous, suppurative mastitis or mammary tumors. As part of the reproductive system, the mammary glands play a crucial role in offspring nutrition and survival. Despite the mastectomy, the goat’s overall reproductive potential was maintained due to its good genetics. This study presents the clinical outcome of a unilateral mastectomy performed on an Etawa goat with gangrenous mastitis. Physical examination revealed asymmetrical udders, with the left udder displaying atrophy, hardness, necrotic tissue, and an associated ventral abdominal lesion. Hematological analysis showed leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, and anemia. The affected left mammary gland was surgically excised, and the site was sutured—the anesthetic protocol using acepromazine and atropine and followed by ketamine. Post-operative treatment was enrofloxacin, tolfenamic acid, Peruvian balsam, topical antibiotics, and B-complex vitamins. The consistent observation of the area showed that the wound was healing well and indicated that this method effectively treats gangrenous mastitis in goats.
Genetic insights: PCR-based sex verification of Limousin bull (Bos taurus) semen
Authors: Ulviani Yemi , Kusumawati Asmarani , Setyawan Erif Maha Nugraha , Nissa Khairun , Rahman Aulia , Unsunnidhal Lalu , Prihantoko Kurniawan Dwi , Fathurrahman Ilham
Published: February 2025

The determination of spermatozoa sex is a strategic step in the development of artificial insemination technology. The method of separating spermatozoa carrying female (X) or male (Y) sex chromosomes using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) has achieved gender accuracy rates of 70% to 80% based on pregnancy rates. However, this verification method requires a lengthy process to determine the success percentage of sexing. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing can be utilized for verification in a relatively short time, requiring a pair of primers to amplify the target DNA region. This study aims to verify sexed spermatozoa using a new primer design for the Limousin cattle X chromosome through PCR testing. The results indicate that sperm separation using the BSA column yielded the PLP1 gene (207 bp). This demonstrates that sperm sexing with the BSA column method can effectively separate sperm carrying X and Y chromosomes, which PCR molecularly verifies.
Parametric-modeling-based multi-objective thermoelastic optimization of rudder structures
Authors: Shi Guanghui , Bao Yuhao , Wu Wenhua , Guo Guiqiang , Lin Ye , Zhang Xiaopeng , Tao Ran
Published: February 2025

Lightweight optimization of rudder structures subjected to thermo-mechanical coupling is essential for high-speed aircraft but poses significant challenges. Therefore, this paper proposes an enhanced multi-objective thermoelastic optimization method for rudder structures. The improvements involve the inclusion of thermal effects to enhance adaptability to extreme thermal environments, refining the optimization strategy to achieve clear resulting structural configurations, parametric optimization variables enabling combined optimization of parameters and configurations, and incorporating dynamic response constraints to ensure key dynamic responses meet usage requirements. To efficiently analyze and optimize the structural performance of rudder structures, a parametric optimization model for the radial configuration of reinforcement ribs is constructed. The objective of the optimization is to reduce the weight of the rudder structure while considering both frequency and maximum displacement indicators by formulating a multi-objective normalized objective function. These optimization problems are solved using a compromise programming algorithm. The proposed optimization method reduces the weight of the rudder structure by 21.2% while meeting the design indicators under service conditions. The obtained optimization parameters can guide the detailed modeling of the rudder structure, and the optimization results have been further verified through finite element analysis. By leveraging commercial software and established optimization algorithms, this method can be adapted to other thermoelastic optimization challenges through refinements such as parametric modeling and multi-objective optimization functions. And this method is particularly suitable for the thermo-mechanical coupled optimization design of aircraft rudder structures.
Visual Codes Generated through Urban Art. Cultural Confluences between Colombia and Mexico
Authors: Mellink-Méndez Sialia Karina , Monzón-Larios Ernesto , Amado-García Jesús Alberto , Suarez-Reyes Mayerly Andrea
Published: February 2025

In recent years, artistic manifestations have had a greater impact on the economic, cultural and social axes. The objective of this research is to examine the visual codes generated through the urban art of Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia and Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Two case studies were selected with themes aligned with the Sustainable Development Objectives. In Bucaramanga, the case is “Community Tourism”, a program to transform forgotten and in some cases violated spaces in the city, where through street art: murals and graffiti, neighborhoods and different corridors of the urban area are given new meaning. As far as Ensenada is concerned, it is La Colectiva Maremoto, who generates urban interventions to make gender inequality visible and promote a future in which women and non-binary gender participate in safer environments. The scope is descriptive, to account for codes, visual techniques and discursive lines used in Latin American artistic expressions. It is concluded that although urban artists are immersed in the orange economy, it is relevant to appropriate the needs and approaches of other economies, as in the cases shown here, purple and green economies, since with their capacity for mass communication they generate spaces for reflection and promote social well-being.
Knowledge Production and Consumption for the Creation of Value in Comic-making in Mexico
Authors: Reyes Robinson Sergio Alberto , Cabrera-Flores Mayer , Estellés Miquel Sofía
Published: February 2025

Social networks have become spaces where hopeful entrepreneurs can exchange and promote knowledge. Artists and other creatives have found various ways to use technology to create value, building communities where techniques, technologies, and business dynamics can be shared. In this context, social media management is key to producing and consuming knowledge, with the aim of enhancing visibility, competition, and above all, innovation in art and technique. As a result of these dynamics, comics have enjoyed a resurgence worldwide, thanks to the development of new formats and innovative uses of comics as a means of communication and a line of business for a range of artists and corporations. Nonetheless, in Mexico this sector has encountered challenges in securing its position in the international development of the industry, raising a need to explore business practices in order to generate strategies that may help to bring about a transformation. In this research, a series of interviews was conducted with 13 artists and creators in Mexico to examine how they have assimilated the global dynamics of the industry in terms of social media management, with a particular focus on the production and consumption of knowledge relating to their line of work. One key finding is that Mexican comic-makers typically do use social networks to promote their products in their various formats, but only to a limited extent, which poses challenges for creating tutorials or courses to increase the visibility of their knowledge about the comic craft and the nature of this kind of work.
Historical Museums of Guanajuato and their Recovery After COVID: A Panel Data Model
Authors: Rocha Ibarra Jesús Ernesto , Rodríguez Sánchez Clara Azucena , Pérez Vásquez Jazmín
Published: February 2025

According to Lobatón et al. (2020) the tourism contribution to the economy of the state of Guanajuato is substantial, in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with data from the Secretary of Economy (SE, 2023) the tourism GDP before the COVID-19 pandemic amounted to 92,674,800,202 constant pesos at 2018 prices. The participation of historical museums as destinations of interest to locals and tourists should be recognized. According to the Cultural Information System (SIC, 2022) of the Mexican Secretary of Culture, the state of Guanajuato has a total of 1,107 museums distributed in its different municipalities, however, the historical museums that concentrate the greatest dynamism in influx of people are: the Regional Museum of Guanajuato Alhóndiga de Granaditas located in Guanajuato city, followed by the Historical Museum of San Miguel de Allende, and the Casa de Hidalgo Museum. The objective of this research is to analyse the economic impact of tourism activity related to museum visits in the state of Guanajuato before the COVID-19 pandemic and after its emergence, that is, from 2016 to 2022. The analysis is based on a panel data econometric model, where the GDP of the State, and the following explanatory variables: the participation of tourism activity in municipalities with historical museums in the State, the number of residents per municipality, the flow of domestic and international visitors to historical museums in the State, investments in tourism and cultural activity. The results show that if the variable of investment in tourism activities is increased by 1%, an increase of 28.7% in the state’s tourism GDP would be expected. Its participation in the state’s total GDP would be close to 13.1%. In contrast, the main historical museums in Guanajuato are expected to receive 97,363 national and international visitors in 2021 and 266,656 in 2022. In terms of tourism GDP, this recovery has an impact on the economic environment of the state, emphasizing that the performance of historical museums is 16.39% of the total for the state. In summary, we can say that the economic effects of tourism activities are multifactorial, but the study of the environment and the participation of historical museums are essential to stimulate conditions that favour economic growth in the state of Guanajuato.
Reflecting on Challenges and Opportunities: Examining the Colour Economy of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Estrada Salvador , Cabrera-Flores Mayer , León-Pozo Alicia , Cota-Cota Creta
Published: February 2025

Nearly a quarter of a century has passed, and current socio-economic and cultural conditions necessitate new approaches to conceptualizing Economics. The framework of Colour Economics offers an opportunity to transcend paradigms. In contrast to prevailing economic thought, a vibrant spectrum of colours emerges. Through an in-depth analysis of the 15th RIDIT Conference proceedings, this study explores how various chromatic dimensions— from green, symbolizing environmental consciousness, to orange, representing creativity, yellow, denoting technological efficiency, and purple, associated with social inclusion—interact and occasionally conflict, providing a novel interpretation of development.

Our post-proceedings analysis reveals that economies of colour are not isolated but instead blend and adapt in contexts of resource scarcity and innovation. Three notable patterns emerge: informal sectors naturally create complex combinations of these economic hues, geographic and cultural contexts significantly influence how these colours interact, and undergo transformations as they flow across distinct economic domains.

These findings challenge traditional theoretical frameworks. Economies of colour must be understood in a fluid manner, particularly in developing communities, where necessity fosters innovation and entrepreneurship. The implications are far-reaching, influencing public policy and institutional structures, thus urging a reconsideration of how to foster and study innovation in an increasingly diverse economic landscape.
Sarkopene Adipositas im Alter: Ursachen, Folgen und
Behandlungsansätze
Authors: Rippl Michaela , Drey Michael , Schluessel Sabine
Published: February 2025

Adipositas ist ein bekanntes Gesundheitsproblem, das durch das gleichzeitige
Vorliegen einer Sarkopenie, also einem Verlust von Muskelmasse und -kraft,
verstärkt wird. Vor allem Hochaltrige sind häufiger von negativen
Gesundheitsfolgen wie Mobilitätseinschränkungen, chronischen Erkrankungen,
kognitiven Defiziten, reduzierter Lebensqualität und erhöhtem Mortalitätsrisiko
betroffen. In Deutschland liegt die Prävalenz bei über 65-Jährigen bei 4,5%.
Ursachen sind biologische Faktoren wie altersbedingter Muskelabbau, chronische
Entzündungen, hormonelle Veränderungen (z. B. Hormonmangel) sowie ein sitzender
Lebensstil und hochkalorische Ernährung. Laut ESPEN-EASO sollten alle über
70-Jährigen und Patient*innen und solche mit chronischen Erkrankungen auf
sarkopene Adipositas untersucht werden. Zur Diagnosestellung werden Muskelkraft
und Körperzusammensetzung (mittels DXA oder BIA) gemessen. Im Staging werden
bereits entstandene Folgeerkrankungen erfasst. Therapeutisch sind Krafttraining
und proteinreiche Ernährung zentral. Präventiv sollten Adipositas und Sarkopenie
durch regelmäßige Bewegung und ausgewogene Ernährung verhindert werden.
Experimental study on the near wake recovery of horizontal axis wind turbines with blades of different trailing edge thickness
Authors: Niu Ruiqi , Dong Xueqing , Zhang Liru , Gao Zhiying , Han Yuxia , Deng Peitian , Wang Jianwen , Lu Haojie
Published: February 2025

Based on the traditional sharp trailing edge airfoil, on the research that the rational change of trailing edge thickness of airfoil can improve the lift-drag ratio, this paper uses the method of symmetrical thickening of the trailing edge to trailing edge thickness of the airfoils at various parts of the small horizontal axis wind turbine blades independently designed using the NACA4415 airfoil. After scaling down, the blades are fabricated for wind tunnel tests. The experiment shows that compared with the sharp trailing edge blades, in the region at the same position where x/R = 2–4, the wake expansion and the change in turbulence intensity of the blade with a trailing edge thickness of 3%c are the most significant. The expansion ratio is approximately 3.3%, and the turbulence intensity is reduced by about 3% compared to that of the original blade. At the position where x/R = 4, the turbulence intensity is reduced by about 2.5% compared to that of the original blade. When tip speed ratio (TSR) = 5, the rotor power of the blade with 3%c trailing edge thickness has the maximum increase, which is 7.01% compared with the original blade. The blade with changed trailing edge thickness has more significant power generation efficiency when the TSR is high and can adapt to harsher environments in wind farms.
Study of angle of arrival estimation with linear arrays of simulated Rydberg atom receivers
Authors: Richardson D. , Dee J. , Kayim B. N. , Sawyer B. C. , Wyllie R. , Lee R. T. , Westafer R. S.
Published: February 2025

Rydberg atom receivers have the potential to supplement or replace traditional sensing technologies due to the theoretically high sensitivity, electrically small packaging, and unconventional field detection mechanisms they can provide. Given the importance of angle of arrival (AoA) estimation for geolocation and the potential impact of these technologies, more work is needed to understand the Rydberg sensor’s impact on AoA estimation. While there have been many experimental and theoretical efforts to improve the sensitivity and bandwidth of these quantum sensors, few papers have explored the impact these technologies will have on AoA estimation. This paper presents a numerical study of AoA estimation using a simulated linear array of Rydberg atom receivers consisting of vapor cells with laser-defined sense volumes. By utilizing atomic physics and electromagnetics simulations, it is shown that uncompensated atomic transient effects and RF geometric interactions in glass vapor cell arrays can substantially degrade AoA estimation when compared with a traditional dipole array.
Analysis of the effect of coupling coefficients on the slope of PDH-locked frequency discriminator
Authors: Sun Qicheng , Hai Hongwen , Peng Ruqian , Fang Sijun , Zhang Rui , Li Bohong , Luo Jian , Cao Yehao , Li Xinyu , Yan Yong
Published: February 2025

The effects of the coupling coefficients on the reflected field and the error signal under various misalignments and near-axis conditions are analyzed, and some basic features of the error signal are investigated. According to the definition of traditional coupling efficiency, the relationship between the discriminator slope and the coupling efficiency under the condition of misalignment of waist radius and waist position is derived. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical simulations, the error of the results measured by transmission is within 2%, and the error of the results measured by reflection is within 4%. It shows that the discriminator slope has different expressions under different approximation conditions. On this basis, a fast and simple method for measuring the discriminator slope is found.
Manipulating alignment and dispersion of confined micro-swimmers through gradient-induced orienting fields
Authors: Chen Kuang , Jiang Weiquan , Guo Jinlan , Zeng Hanhan , Guan Mingyang
Published: February 2025

Oriented locomotion in micro-swimmer populations is commonly observed in response to various stimuli through self-propulsion (taxis). In simple linear orienting fields, swimmers align by rotating with the field. However, their mean locomotion does not always follow the gradient, and the theory for the overall orientational and spatial dynamics of micro-swimmers still needs to be developed. Following Shaik et al. [Soft Matter 19, 1384 (2023)] and Théry et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 108301 (2024)], we investigate how to manipulate the dispersion of confined micro-swimmers through gradient-induced orienting fields. Using Smoluchowski analysis and multi-timescale expansions, we solve analytically the number density, polar order vector, nematic order tensor, drift, dispersivity, and orientation distributions. Micro-swimmers exhibit distinct preferential alignment and density distributions. In the bulk, elongated micro-swimmers accumulate in regions of low angular speed within external orienting fields, while highly active swimmers can reorient and escape centerline focusing. Near the walls, swimmers preferentially orient upstream, resulting in negative longitudinal polar order and weak vertical fluxes. We also examine the inhomogeneous external fields, e.g., those induced by gyrotaxis and rheotaxis, to highlight potential mechanisms for preferential alignment and shear trapping. When both gradient-induced orienting fields co-exist, the population of micro-swimmers propels itself in a plane offset from the meridional plane by an angle. Although taxis-induced orientation could hinder the longitudinal migration, we demonstrate that it significantly enhances swimmer diffusion in relation to activity in the orientation space, akin to Taylor dispersion, under both homogeneous and spatially varying orienting fields. This study provides insights into the control and design strategies for micro-robots and gyrotactic microorganisms in natural and biotechnological contexts.
The synergistic effect of c-Myb hyperactivation and Pu.1 deficiency induces Pelger–Huët anomaly and promotes sAML
Authors: Xu Song’en , Hong Jiaxin , Dongye Meimei , Lin Jiehao , Xue Rongtao , Huang Zhibin , Xu Jin , Zhang Yiyue , Leung Anskar Yu-Hung , Shen Juan , Zhang Wenqing , Liu Wei
Published: February 2025

Approximately 30% of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) progress to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) via accumulating gene mutations. Genomic analyses reveal a complex interplay among mutant genes, with co-occurring and mutually exclusive patterns. Hyperactivation of c-MYB and deficiency of PU.1 have been linked to myeloid disorders. We report a case of AML with concurrent
PU.1
and
c-MYB
mutations, exhibiting early onset, high blast count, chemo-resistance, indicating high-risk features, along with elevated Pelger–Huët anomaly (PHA). However, the synergistic mechanism of
c-MYB
and
PU.1
in sAML remains unclear. Using c-Myb-hyperactivation and Pu.1-deficient double-strain (

c-myb
hyper
;pu.1
G242D/G242D

) zebrafish, we investigated MDS/sAML progression. Surprisingly, the double mutant exhibited a distinct type of neutrophil resembling clinical PHA cells and demonstrated a higher rate of MDS/sAML transformation. Further expression analysis revealed reduced
lmnb1
expression in double-mutant zebrafish. Knockdown of
lmnb1
resulted in PHA and increased blast cells, while overexpression of
lmnb1
in

c-myb
hyper
;pu.1
G242D/G242D

reduced PHA cell level. This suggests that c-Myb hyperactivation and Pu.1 deficiency synergistically reduce
lmnb1
expression, inducing the development of PHA-like neutrophils and promoting MDS/sAML progression in zebrafish. Moreover, coadministration of cell cycle inhibitor cytarabine (Ara-C) and the differential inducer all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) could effectively relieve the neutrophil expansion and PHA symptoms in

c-myb
hyper
;pu.1
G242D/G242D

zebrafish. Our findings revealed that c-Myb hyperactivation and Pu.1 deficiency played a synergistic role in sAML development and suggests a phenotypic association between the emergence of PH-like cells and the transformation to sAML. Furthermore,

c-myb
hyper
;pu.1
G242D/G242D

zebrafish might serve as a suitable sAML model for drug screening.
A numerically exact description of ultrafast vibrational decoherence in vibration-coupled electron transfer
Authors: Wang Yuanheng , Benny Alfy , Le Dé Brieuc , Chin Alex W. , Scholes Gregory D.
Published: February 2025

Broadband pump–probe spectroscopy has been widely used to measure vibrational decoherence associated with the reaction coordinate in photoinduced ultrafast vibration-coupled electron transfer (VCET) reactions. These experiments provide insight into the interplay of intramolecular coordinates along the reaction coordinate. However, a general theoretical foundation for analyzing, and even for explaining rigorously, these data is lacking. In this work, we study vibrational decoherence in a model VCET reaction using the nearly exact time-dependent density matrix renormalization group simulation method. We explore how analyzing the density matrix with quantum information measures can help elucidate the evolution of vibrational coherence in simulations of dynamics. We examine how vibrational coherence is affected by electron transfer on the timescale of approximately 100 femtoseconds. Our results suggest that electron transfer, in the nonadiabatic model, changes the vibrational equilibrium position abruptly—an example of a “quantum quench” event. This explains the concomitant vibrational decoherence. We find that abrupt vibrational decoherence can be mitigated by wavepacket motion occurring on the timescale of the electron transfer.