bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio-guided Isolation of a New Sesterterpene from Serjania goniocarpa
Authors: Quintal-Novelo Carlos , Torres-Tapia Luis W. , Moo-Puc Rosa , Peraza-Sanchez Sergio R.
Published: March 2019

Serjania goniocarpa is a plant used in Mayan traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of cancer-like symptoms. Bio-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of the leaves led to the isolation of an α- and β-amyrin mixture, palmitic acid, phytol and the new sesterterpene goniocarpic acid whose structure was elucidated by IR, GC-MS, and NMR spectroscopic analyses. Goniocarpic acid exhibited cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity against several cancer cell lines.
Triterpenoid Saponins from Clematis graveolens and Evaluation of their Insecticidal Activities
Authors: Rattan Rajeev , Reddy S. G. Eswara , Dolma Shudh Kirti , Fozdar Bharat Inder , Gautam Veena , Sharma Ritika , Sharma Upendra
Published: March 2019

A new hederagenin based triterpenoid saponin, clematograveolenoside A (1), along with three known saponins, tomentoside A (2), huzhangoside D (3) and clematoside S (4), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis graveolens. The structure of new compound was elucidated on the basis of detailed analysis of chemical and spectroscopic data including 1D- and 2D NMR spectra. Compound 2 was found the most effective against aphid ( Aphis craccivora) with an LC50 of 1.2 and 0.5 mg/mL after treatment for 72 and 96 h, respectively and was followed by compound 4 (LC50 = 2.3 and 1.9 mg/mL) and 1 (LC50 = 3.2 and 2.6 mg/mL). In case of termite ( Coptotermis homii), compound 1 was found more toxic with an LC50 of 0.1 mg/L after 24 h of treatment followed by compound 2, 3 and 4 (LC50 = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively).
Rapid Determination of α-Hederin and Hederacoside C in Extracts of Hedera helix Leaves Available in the Czech Republic and Poland
Authors: Havlíková Lucie , Macáková Kateřina , Opletal Lubomír , Solich Petr
Published: March 2019

Leaf extracts of Hedera helix L. are widely used in the treatment of upper respiratory diseases. The saponins α-hederin and hederacoside C are considered to be the main compounds responsible for the biological activity. α-Hederin and hederacoside C were determined in H. helix leaf extracts using a fast, simple and validated HPLC method. An XTerra MS C18 column and mobile phase composed of 10 mM ammonium acetate at pH 8.5 (adjusted with triethylamine) and acetonitrile were used for the chromatography at 1.2 mL min−1. The column was kept at 30°C. Detection was performed at 220 nm. An approach utilizing a basic pH of the aqueous part of the mobile phase enabled analysis in 5 minutes in isocratic mode. The method was validated and used for the quality control of H. helix leaf ethanolic extracts.
Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of Extracts and Alkaloids of Selected Amaryllidaceae Species
Authors: Ločárek Miroslav , Nováková Jitka , Klouček Pavel , Hošt'álková Anna , Kokoška Ladislav , Gábrlová Lucie , Šafratová Marcela , Opletal Lubomír , Cahlíková Lucie
Published: March 2019

Alkaloidal extracts of six selected species of Amaryllidaceae were studied with respect to their antibacterial and anti-yeast activity and their alkaloidal fingerprint. Twenty-five alkaloids were determined by GC/MS, and sixteen of them identified from their mass spectra, retention times and retention indexes. In the antimicrobial assay, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus were used, along with isolates of the human pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. dubliniensis and Lodderomyces elongiosporus. The six extracts, together with 19 Amaryllidaceae alkaloids isolated in our laboratory, showed almost no inhibitory activity against the bacteria tested. However, promising anti-yeast properties were detected; the most potent activity was shown by lycorine, which inhibited C. dubliniensis with a MIC of 32 μg/mL, C. albicans and L. elongiosporus, both with MICs of 64 μg/mL, followed by caranine inhibiting C. dubliniensis with a MIC of 128 μg/mL. Among the alkaloidal extracts, Narcissus jonquilla cv. Baby Moon showed the most potent anti-yeast activity, with minimal and average MIC values of 128 and 192 μg/mL, respectively, followed by Leucojum aestivum, Narcissus poeticus var. recurvus and N. canaliculatus (average MICs 256, 267 and 299 μg/mL, respectively). The lowest MIC value among extracts was obtained for N. canaliculatus against L. elongiosporus (MIC 64 μg/mL).
Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Constituents from Hornstedtia Species of Malaysia
Authors: Hashim Siti Ernieyanti , Sirat Hasnah Mohd , Yen Khong Heng , Ismail Intan Safinar , Matsuki Siti Nurulhuda
Published: March 2019

Seven compounds were isolated from the n-hexane and chloroform extracts of the flowers and leaves of four Hornstedtia species and their structures were identified using spectroscopic techniques as 3,7,4′-trimethylkaempferol (1), 3,7-dimethylkaempferol (2), 7,4′-dimethylkaempferol (3), 3,5-dimethylkaempferol (4), 3-methylkaempferol (5), stigmast-4-en-3-one (6), and 6-hydroxy-stigmast-4-en-3-one (7). Compounds 1 to 7 were isolated from these species for the first time. They were assayed for free radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. The DPPH assay showed that 3-methylkaempferol (5) was the most potent antioxidant agent with an IC50 value 78.6 μM, followed by 7,4′-dimethylkaempferol (3) (IC50 = 86.1 μM). For α-glucosidase inhibition activity, 3-methylkaempferol (5) exhibited significant inhibitory activity with an IC50 value 21.0 μM. The present study revealed that Hornstedtia species have potential activities as antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors.
The Combinatory Effects of Glabridin and Tamoxifen on Ishikawa and MCF-7 Cell Lines
Authors: Jen Soe Hui , Wei Melissa Poh Su , Yin Adeline Chia Yoke
Published: March 2019

Estrogen replacement therapy is commonly used to replace the loss of estrogen in post-menopausal women. However, it is not suitable to be used in women taking tamoxifen as both of the drugs increase the risk of endometrial cancer. This project aimed to study the potential of using the natural compound glabridin in combination with tamoxifen as a drug for estrogen replacement therapy. Ishikawa and MCF-7 cells were used to investigate the estrogenic activities stimulated by the combination of tamoxifen and glabridin through ALP and MTT assays. The expressions of the ESR1 and bcl-2 genes have also been determined using RT-PCR. The results indicated that the combination of 1×10−5M tamoxifen and 1×10−6M glabridin exhibited estrogenic activities and suppressed cell growth in both cell lines. The relative expressions of ESR1 and bcl-2 genes indicated that the estrogenicity expressed by the combinatory drug was regulated by estrogen receptor α; however, the reduction in cell proliferation was not modulated by bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins. These results suggested that the combination of tamoxifen and glabridin has potential to be used as an estrogen replacement drug with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer that has arisen from the intake of tamoxifen.
α-Glucosidase and 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activities of Phytochemicals from Calophyllum symingtonianum
Authors: Aminudin Nurul Iman , Ahmad Farediah , Taher Muhammad , Zulkifli Razauden Mohamed
Published: March 2019

A phytochemical investigation of the crude extracts of the bark and leaves of Calophyllum symingtonianum has resulted in the isolation of inophyllum D, inophyllum H, calanone, isocordato-oblongic acid, amentoflavone, carpachromene and lupenone. Their chemical structures were elucidated and confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. All flavonoids and coumarins showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while amentoflavone gave a positive result against 15-lipoxygenase inhibition.
Antifungal Activity of Pyranonaphthoquinones Obtained from Cipura paludosa Bulbs
Authors: Campos Adriana , Souza Greice Maria Rodrigues , Monache Franco Delle , Butassi Estefanía , Zacchino Susana , Filho Valdir Cechinel
Published: March 2019

Previous studies with the bulbs of Cipura paludosa (Iridaceae) showed the presence of pyranonaphthoquinones, including eleutherine, isoeleutherine and eleutherol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of these compounds. The activity was tested against the clinically relevant yeasts Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cryptococcus neoformans with the microbroth dilution method, following the guidelines of CLSI. Eleutherine, isoeleutherine and eleutherol all presented significant antifungal activity, especially the first two, the major components, with MIC values between 7.8 and 250 μg/mL. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that C. paludosa bulbs produce active principles with relevant antifungal potential, contributing, at least in part, to the antimicrobial effect evidenced for this plant and justifying its popular use against infections.
OM-X®, Fermented Vegetables Extract Suppresses Antigen-Stimulated Degranulation in Rat Basophilic Leukemia RBL-2H3 Cells and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Reaction in Mice
Authors: Itoh Tomohiro , Miyake Yasuyoshi , Kasashima Takuya , Shimomiya Yoshie , Nakamura Yuki , Ando Masashi , Tsukamasa Yasuyuki , Takahata Muneaki
Published: March 2019

OM-X® is a hand-made and naturally manufactured probiotic supplement. This fermented food product is made from vegetables, fruits, seaweeds and mushrooms, using 12 strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. OM-X® is also known to have beneficial health properties, and some of its components show effects on antigen (Ag)-stimulated degranulation activity, indicating that OM-X® may be useful in the treatment of allergy responses and symptoms. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of OM-X® on Ag-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, clarified the underlying mechanisms, and determined the active compounds in OM-X® for suppression of degranulation. Treatment with OM-X® gradually suppressed Ag-stimulated degranulation throughout the maturation period. OM-X® also gradually produced melanoidins by lactic acid bacterial fermentation during the maturation process. There was a high correlation between the suppression levels of Ag-stimulated degranulation and the browning of OM-X®. Furthermore, the inhibition of Ag-stimulated degranulation by OM-X® was found to be partially due to the direct inactivation of NADPH oxidase. To elucidate the in vivo effects of OM-X®, type I allergy model mice were orally administered with OM-X®, and the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction was measured. OM-X® intake remarkably suppressed the PCA reaction. Taken together, our findings suggest that OM-X® could be a beneficial food to ameliorate allergic reactions.
Relationship between Soil and Essential Oil Profiles in Salvia desoleana Populations: Preliminary Results
Authors: Rapposelli Emma , Melito Sara , Barmina Giovanni Gabriele , Foddai Marzia , Azara Emanuela , Scarpa Grazia Maria
Published: March 2019

Salvia desoleana is a herbaceous perennial shrub endemic of Sardinia (Italy). The leaves are a source of essential oil, used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The therapeutic function of this species has been associated to the presence of essential oils rich in α/β-pinene, p-cimene, linalool, linalyl acetate and 1,8-cineole. Today the industrial request of Salvia essential oils is increasing and most of the biomass is exploited from the natural populations which are under severe risk of genetic erosion. In order to improve the essential oil production, the study of the environmental parameters that influence composition, quality and quantity of the essential oils, turns out to be necessary. Soil physical and chemical structure represents one of the determinant factors in secondary metabolites production, and could also be involved in volatiles fraction composition in the same species. The main aim of this research was to explore the relationship between essential oil profiles and soil characteristics in S. desoleana populations.

GC/MS analysis performed on the essential oil extracts identified 22 principal compounds, which were extremely variable among the five S. desoleana populations studied. The analysis of the essential oils revealed different compositions in the terpenes fractions: 68.2% of monoterpenes, 27.3% of sesquiterpenes and 4.5% of diterpenes. Analysis of chemical and physical soil parameters at the collection sites revealed that silt and sand contents were correlated with α-pinene and sclareol fractions and the total K2O was significantly correlated to several compounds belonging to the three terpene fractions identified. These results will provide guidelines for the in site conservation and for the improvement of the commercial value of the species.
Antischistosomal and Cytotoxic Effects of the Essential Oil of Tetradenia riparia (Lamiaceae)
Authors: de Melo Nathalya I. , Mantovani André L. L. , de Oliveira Pollyanna F. , Groppo Milton , da Silva Filho Ademar A. , Rodrigues Vanderlei , Cunha Wilson R. , Tavares Denise C. , Magalhães Lizandra G. , Crotti Antônio E. M.
Published: March 2019

This paper reports on the antischistosomal and cytotoxic effects of the essential oil obtained from Tetradenia riparia leaves (TR-EO). At concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL, TR-EO killed all the worms after 120 and 24 h of incubation, respectively. At a concentration equal to or higher than 50 μg/mL, this oil also separated the coupled pairs and decreased the adult worm motor activity after incubation periods higher than 72 h. In addition, at 120 h of incubation, TR-EO slightly decreased the number of eggs produced by Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and significantly reduced the percentage of developed eggs, in a dose-dependent manner. XTT-colorimetric assays showed that the tested TR-EO concentrations were not considerably cytotoxic to V79 cells (IC50 = 253.5 μg/mL). The effects of TR-EO on egg development were noteworthy; therefore, this essential oil deserves further investigation to identify the chemical constituents that elicit activity against S. mansoni.
Isolation of Phomopsolide A and 6(E)-Phomopsolide A as Antimycobacterial Products from an Unidentified Endophyte of the Canadian Medicinal Plant Heracleum maximum
Authors: Clark Trevor N. , Ellsworth Katelyn T. , Jean Stephanie , Webster Duncan , Robichaud Gilles A. , Johnson John A. , Graya Christopher A.
Published: March 2019

An extract of an unidentified endophyte from the Canadian medicinal plant Heracleum maximum exhibited a unique metabolomic profile and significant antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. Bioassay guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of phomopsolide A (1) and 6(E’)-phomopsolide A (2). This is the first report of antimycobacterial activity for 1 and 2.
Pyrrolocin A, a 3-Decalinoyltetramic Acid with Selective Biological Activity, Isolated from Amazonian Cultures of the Novel Endophyte Diaporthales sp. E6927E
Authors: Patridge Eric V. , Darnell Alicia , Kucera Kaury , Phillips Gillian M. , Bokesch Heidi R. , Gustafson Kirk R. , Spakowicz Daniel J. , Zhou Linda , Hungerford William M. , Plummer Mark , Hoyer Denton , Narvaez-Trujillo Alexandra , Phillips Andrew J. , Strobel Scott A.
Published: March 2019

Natural products remain an important source of new therapeutics for emerging drug-resistant pathogens like Candida albicans, which particularly affects immunocompromised patients. A bioactive 3-decalinoyltetramic acid, pyrrolocin A, was isolated from extracts of a novel Amazonian fungal endophyte, E6927E, of the Diaporthales family. The structure of the natural product was solved using NMR and CD spectroscopy and it is structurally related to the fungal setins, equisetin and phomasetin, which are well-characterized tetramic acid antibiotics specific for Gram-positive organisms. We show that the compound inhibits growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. It shows selective and potent bioactivity against fungal strains, with an MIC of 4 μg/mL for C. albicans, 100 μg/mL for Aspergillus sp. and greater than 100 μg/mL for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Further, the compound is less toxic to mammalian cells (IC50 = 150 μg/mL), with an inhibitory concentration greater than forty times that for C. albicans. Pyrrolocin A retained potent activity against eight out of seventeen strains of clinical Candida sp. isolates tested.
Endophytic Fungus Nigrospora oryzae from a Medicinal plant Coccinia grandis, a High Yielding New Source of Phenazine-l-carboxamide
Authors: Thanabalasingam Dharushana , Kumar N. Savitri , Jayasinghe Lalith , Fujimoto Yoshinori
Published: March 2019

Nigrospora oryzae was isolated as an endophytic fungus from the leaves of Coccinia grandis, a popular medicinal plant used to control diabetes. Fermentation of the fungus in potato dextrose broth and chromatographic purification of the ethyl acetate extracts of the broth and mycelium yielded two phenazine secondary metabolites, which were identified as phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (1) and phenazine-1-carboxamide (2) by comparing their spectral data with those reported in the literature. Compound 2, isolated in high yield (1 g/4 L medium), showed strong antifungal activity against the plant pathogen Cladosporium cladosporioides. This is the first report of the isolation of N. oryzae as an endophytic fungus of C. grandis. These phenazines have never been isolated from any fungal source. Antifungal activity of 2 against C. cladosporioides is reported for the first time.
A 3-Vinyl Cephem Derivative, a Useful Intermediate in the Synthesis of Cepham Antibiotics, from Aspergillus awamori Associated with Banana Fruit
Authors: Bandara H.M.S.K.H , Kumar N. Savitri , Jayasinghe Lalith , Masubuti Hironori , Fujimoto Yoshinori
Published: March 2019

Aspergillus awamori was isolated from a diseased banana fruit, Musa acuminata cv. Ambul. The fungus was fermented in potato dextrose broth and on potato dextrose agar media and the fungal media were extracted with EtOAc. Chromatographic separation of the EtOAc extracts furnished 4-methoxybenzyl 7-phenylacetamido-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (1), along with three naphtho-γ-pyrones, flavasperone (2), foncesinone A (3) and aurasperone A (4), and three alkaloids, aspernigrin A (5), pestalamide C (6) and nigragillin (7). Compound 1, a known key intermediate in the chemical synthesis of cepham antibiotics, was isolated from a natural source for the first time. Compound 1 is the first 3-vinyl cephem derivative of microbial origin.
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by the Fungal Endophytes of Conifers
Authors: Stierle Andrea A. , Stierle Donald B.
Published: March 2019

This is a review of bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from conifer-associated endophytic fungi from 1990-2014. This includes compounds with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity towards human cancer cell lines, and activity against either plant pathogens or plant insect pests. Compounds that were originally reported without associated activity were included if other studies ascribed activity to these compounds. Compounds were not included if they were exclusively phytotoxic or if they were isolated from active extracts but were not determined to be the active component of that extract.
(+)-Chenabinol (Revised NMR Data) and Two New Alkaloids from Berberis vulgaris and their Biological Activity
Authors: Novák Zdeněk , Hošt'álková Anna , Opletal Lubomir , Nováková Lucie , Hrabinová Martina , Kuneš Jiři , Cahliková Lucie
Published: March 2019

A known alkaloid (+)-chenabinol (1) and two new secobisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids were isolated by standard chromatographic methods from the root bark of Berberis vulgaris L. The structures of the new alkaloids, named berkristine (2) and verfilline (3), were established by spectroscopic (including 2D NMR), and HRMS (ESI) methods. The alkaloids were tested for their inhibition activity of human cholinesterases and prolyl oligopeptidase. Compound 1 inhibited human butyrylcholinesterase with an IC50 value of 44.8 ± 5.4 μM.
Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of (R)-Dodecanolide and (R)-4-Octanolide
Authors: Sreelakshmi Chittamuru , Rao Adari Bhaskar , Narasu Mangamoori Lakshmi , Reddy Anugu Srinivas , Reddy Palakondu Janardhan , SubbaReddy Basi V.
Published: March 2019

A simple and efficient chemoenzymatic total synthesis of the naturally occurring insect pheromones, (4R)-dodecanolide and (4R)-octanolide is described.
Inspired by Nature: The use of Plant-derived Substrate/Enzyme Combinations to Generate Antimicrobial Activity in situ
Authors: Estevam Ethiene Castellucci , Griffin Sharoon , Nasim Muhammad Jawad , Zieliński Dariusz , Aszyk Justyna , Osowicka Magdalena , Dawidowska Natalia , Idroes Rinaldi , Bartoszek Agnieszka , Jacob Claus
Published: March 2019

The last decade has witnessed a renewed interest in antimicrobial agents. Plants have received particular attention and frequently rely on the spontaneous enzymatic conversion of an inactive precursor to an active agent. Such two-component substrate/enzyme defence systems can be reconstituted ex vivo. Here, the alliin/alliinase system from garlic seems to be rather effective against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whilst the glucosinolate/myrosinase system from mustard appears to be more active against certain bacteria. Studies with myrosinase also confirm that enzyme and substrate can be added sequentially. Ultimately, such binary systems hold considerable promise and may be employed in a medical or agricultural context.
Effect of Supplementation with Wheat Bran Aqueous Extracts Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Technologies on the Sensory Properties and the Antioxidant Activity of Dry Pasta
Authors: Pasqualone Antonella , Delvecchio Laura Nunzia , Gambacorta Giuseppe , Laddomada Barbara , Urso Valeria , Mazzaglia Agata , Ruisi Paolo , Miceli Giuseppe Di
Published: March 2019

Phenolic compounds have antioxidant properties and activate endogenous detoxification defense systems able to scavenge the reactive species of oxygen. The external layers of wheat caryopsis, largely constituting by-products of the milling industry such as bran and various middlings, contain relevant amounts of phenolic compounds. The aim of the research has been to evaluate the effect of supplementation with wheat bran aqueous extracts, obtained by ultrasound-assisted technologies, on the sensory properties and antioxidant activity of dry pasta. The HPLC-DAD characterization of the extract evidenced the presence of ferulic and p-coumaric acids. The supplemented pasta showed significantly higher antioxidant activity and phenolic content than the control, coupled to good overall sensory judgment. In addition, two different pasta drying diagrams were adopted, and the comparison of the corresponding end-products allowed it to be pointed out that the processing technology has to be carefully set up to prevent possible detrimental effects on the antioxidant activity. The proposed utilization of bran might add value to a milling by-product that, otherwise, is mostly employed in animal feeding.
Development of SCAR Markers Based on Improved RAPD Amplification Fragments and Molecular Cloning for Authentication of Herbal Medicines Angelica sinensis, Angelica acutiloba and Levisticum officinale
Authors: Zhang Chun , Mei Zhiqiang , Cheng Jingliang , He Yin , Khan Md. Asaduzzaman , Luo Peiyi , Imani Saber , Fu Junjiang
Published: March 2019

Molecular cloning from DNA fragments of improved RAPD amplification of Angelica sinensis, Angelica acutiloba and Levisticum officinale, provided novel sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers A13, A23, Al-34 and Al-0 whose sequences were deposited in the GenBank database with the accession numbers KP641315, KP641316, KP641317 and KP641318, respectively. By optional PCR amplification, the SCAR markers A13 and A23 are Levisticum officinale-specific, whereas the SCAR marker Al-34 is Angelica acutiloba-specific, and the SCAR marker Al-0 is Angelica sinensis-specific. These diagnostic SCAR markers may be useful for genetic authentications, for ecological conservation of all three medicinal plants and as a helpful tool for the genetic authentication of adulterant samples.
Chemical Composition of Blumea lacera Essential Oil from Nepal. Biological Activities of the Essential Oil and (Z)-Lachnophyllum Ester
Authors: Satyal Prabodh , Chhetri Bhuwan K. , Dosoky Noura S. , Shrestha Samon , Poudel Ambika , Setzer William N.
Published: March 2019

The essential oil from the aerial parts of Blumea lacera collected from Biratnagar, Nepal, has been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major component from the oil, (Z)-lachnophyllum ester, was isolated by preparative silica gel chromatography. B. lacera oil was dominated by (Z)-lachnophyllum ester (25.5%), (Z)-lachnophyllic acid (17.0%), germacrene D (11.0%), (E)-β-farnesene (10.1%), bicyclogermacrene (5.2%), (E)-caryophyllene (4.8%), and (E)-nerolidol (4.2%). Also detected in the oil were (E)-lachnophyllic acid (3.3%) and (E)-lachnophyllum ester (1.7%). (Z)-Lachnophyllum ester exhibited cytotoxic activity against MDA-MD-231, MCF-7, and 5637 human tumor cells, as well as antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Herbal Supplements and Hepatotoxicity: A Short Review
Authors: Haslan Haszianaliza , Suhaimi Farihah Haji , Das Srijit
Published: March 2019

Herbal products have gained popularity over the past few decades. The reasons attributed to the rise in popularity are cheaper costs, easy availability, patient compliance and fewer side effects. However, liver toxicity following consumption of herbal remedies is on the increase. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the mechanism of action of the herbal supplements on the liver. Occasionally, herbal supplements may also interact with conventional drugs. The present review focusses on a few herbs such as Aloe barbadensis, Atractylis gummifera, Centella asiatica, Mitragyna speciosa, Morinda citrifolia, Larea tridentata, Symphytum officinale, Teucrium chamaedrys and Xanthium strumarium, which are reported to cause hepatotoxicity in humans and animals. Prior knowledge on hepatotoxicity caused by herbs may be beneficial for clinicians and medical practitioners.
New Flavonol Glycoside from the Leaves of Ventilago africana
Authors: Gossan Diane Patricia Apie , Magid Abdulmagid Alabdul , Yao-Kouassi Philomène Akoua , Le Faucheur Damien , Coffy Antoine Ahibo , Harakat Dominique , Voutquenne-Nazabadioko Laurence
Published: March 2019

A new flavonol diglycoside, rhamnocitrin-3- O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside, was isolated from the leaves of Ventilago Africana. in addition to 11 known flavonoids. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including 1D- and 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by using DPPH radical-scavenging assay. Compounds 4, 7–9 have discrete to good antioxidant potential with EC50 values ranging from 20.9 to 40.4 μM. compared with ascorbic acid (EC50 60 μM) used as positive control.
Change in the Chemical Profile of Mangifera indica Leaves after their Metabolism in the Tropidacris collaris Grasshopper
Authors: da Silva Rodolfo R. , Moraes Marcílio M. , Camara Claudio A. G. , Ramos Clécio S.
Published: March 2019

This present work addresses research on the discovery of new compounds from natural sources. It is based on a study of Mangifera indica leaf metabolism by the Tropidacris collaris grasshopper. We found that the grasshopper hydrolyzed the flavonoid isoquercitrin to quercetin when the O- glycosidic bond was broken and sugar released as a probable energy source for the insect. There was not, however, hydrolysis of the major compound in the leaves, mangiferin, which contains the C- glycosidic bond. All compounds were isolated and their chemical structure determined by UV, IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR.
Lipid Metabolites from the Mushroom Meripilus giganteus
Authors: Cateni Francesca , Altieri Tiziano , Zacchigna Marina , Procida Giuseppe , Zilič Jelena , Žigon Dušan , Cichelli Angelo
Published: March 2019

The phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the white rot fungus Meripilus giganteus resulted in the isolation and identification of compl mixtures of free fatty acids (1), monoacylglycerols (2), cerebrosides (3), ergosterol (4) and ergosterol peroxide (5). The structures of the isolated lip metabolites (1-5) were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant activity of the whole MeOH extract of the fungus was evaluat through in vitro model systems, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide anion. In all two systems, the results indicated that the extra of the fungus showed the same free-radical-scavenging activity with SC50 data of 47.70 μg/mL, compared with the positive control quercetin (DPPH assa None of the isolated compounds (1-5) showed a significant activity. Compounds 2-4 were isolated from Meripilus giganteus for the first time.
Activities of Tannins – from in Vitro Studies to Clinical Trials
Authors: Sieniawska Elwira
Published: March 2019

Tannins are considered as valuable plant secondary metabolites providing many benefits for human health. In this review information was gathered about bioactivity in vitro and in vivo, as well as about conducted clinical trials. The literature research was based on ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and presents a wide range of tested activities of tannins. The described clinical trials verify laboratory tests and show the effective health benefits taken from supplementation with tannins.
Spasmolytic Activity of Carvone and Limonene Enantiomers
Authors: de Sousa Damião Pergentino , Mesquita Rafael Ferreira , de Araújo Ribeiro Luciano Augusto , de Lima Julianeli Tolentino
Published: March 2019

Aromatic plants produce volatile substances with high therapeutic potential. In view of the need for new respiratory and cardiovascular system pharmacological agents, the present study reports on the spasmolytic activity of two enantiomers of carvone and limonene, constituents of essential oils. The enantiomers tested showed pharmacological activity in Guinea pig trachea and rat aorta smooth muscle. No differences were observed in the pharmacological profiles of the enantiomer pairs. The oxygenated monoterpenes (+)-carvone and (-)-carvone were pharmacologically more effective than the hydrocarbon monoterpenes (+)-limonene and (-)-limonene. The results of this study show the therapeutic potential of these compounds found in many aromatic plants for the treatment of respiratory and cardiovascular system diseases.
Constituents of the Stem of Nauclea orientalis
Authors: Dao Phan Thi Anh , Le Quan Tran , Mai Nguyen Thi Thanh
Published: March 2019

A new α-pinene derivative (1) was isolated from the stem of Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. (Rubiaceae), together with twelve known compounds, including four terpenoids, loganetin (2), loganin (3), sweroside (4), grandifloroside (5), four simple phenols, methyl protocatechuate (6), trans- p-coumaric acid (7), 3-(2,4-dihydroxylphenyl)propanoic acid (8), methyl 3-(2,4-dihydroxylphenyl)propanoate (9), two coumarin glucosides, skimmin (10), adicardin (11), an anthraquinone, aloe emodin (12), and a lignan, (+)-pinoresinol (13). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. All compounds were tested for DPPH free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities. Among them, compounds 5 and 6 displayed strong antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 6.6 and 67.9 μM, 12.4 and 813.0 μM, respectively.
Deodarone Isomers in Cedrus atlantica Essential Oils and Tar Oils
Authors: Nam Anne Marie , Bighelli Ange , Ghanmi Mohamed , Satrani Badr , Casanova Joseph , Tomi Félix
Published: March 2019

Deodarone [2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)-tetrahydro-4-pyrone] is a sesquiterpene tetrahydro-γ-pyrone related to bisabolene and atlantone, first isolated from Cedrus deodora essential oil. With respect to the stereochemistry of the asymmetric carbons C4 and C8, two diastereoisomers may be distinguished. Identification and quantification of both diastereoisomers in wood and tar oils from C. atlantica has been achieved using 13C NMR spectroscopy, in combination with GC (polar column). The contents of (4 R.8 R)- and (4 R.8 S)-deodarone varied between 1.1–2.8% and 1.0–3.0%, respectively.
A New Trinor-guaiane Sesquiterpene from an Indonesian Soft Coral Anthelia sp
Authors: Hanif Novriyandi , Murni Anggia , Yamauchi Marie , Higashi Masahiro , Tanaka Junichi
Published: March 2019

A new trinor-guaiane sesquiterpene has been isolated from an Indonesian soft coral Anthelia sp. The planar structure, possessing an octahydroazulene skeleton, and relative stereochemistry were established by analyzing 1D and 2D NMR data, including NOE experiments. Its absolute stereochemistry was elucidated to be 1 S, 4 S, 7 R, and 10 R by comparing observed and calculated optical rotation values. The new compound showed weak cytotoxicity against NBT-T2 cells.
A New Isocyanosesquiterpene from the Nudibranch Phyllidiella pustulosa
Authors: Jomori Takahiro , Shibutani Takahiro , Ahmadi Peni , Suzuka Toshimasa , Tanaka Junichi
Published: March 2019

In the course of our study on the chemical and genetic diversity of the nudibranch Phylidiella pustulosa, we identified a series of isocyanosesquiterpenes. In addition to known sesquiterpenes, we isolated a new molecule 1, the structure of which was elucidated by analyzing NMR and other spectral data. We report the structure and cytotoxicity of compound 1 herein.
Antimicrobial Diterpenes from Azorella Species against Gram-Positive Bacteria
Authors: Donoso Viviana , Bacho Mitchell , Núñez Solange , Rovirosa Juana , San-Martín Aurelio , Leiva Sergio
Published: March 2019

The present study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of mulinane and azorellane diterpenes isolated from the Andean plants Azorella compacta and A. trifoliolata and semisynthetic derivatives against reference and multidrug-resistant strains. The results revealed that the semisynthetic compound 7-acetoxy-mulin-9,12-diene (5) exhibited antibacterial activity against reference and multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and moderate antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 14468.
Production of Triterpenoid Sapogenins in Hairy Root Cultures of Silene vulgaris
Authors: Kim Yeon Bok , Reed Darwin W. , Covello Patrick S.
Published: March 2019

Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae) is widely distributed in North America and contains bioactive oleanane-type saponins. In order to investigate in vitro production of triterpenoid saponins, hairy root cultures of S. vulgaris were established by infecting leaf explants with five strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (LBA9402, R1000, A4, 13333, and 15834). The A. rhizogenes strain LBA9402 had an infection of 100% frequency and induced the most hairy roots per plant. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced changes in triterpenoid saponins in S. vulgaris hairy roots were analyzed. Accumulation of segetalic acid and gypsogenic acid after MeJA treatment was 5-and 2-fold higher, respectively, than that of control root. We suggest that hairy root cultures of S. vulgaris could be an important alternative approach to the production of saponins.
Extraction and Isolation of Antineoplastic Pristimerin from Mortonia greggii (Celastraceae)
Authors: Mejía-Manzano Luis Alberto , Barba-Dávila Bertha A. , Gutierrez-Uribe Janet A. , Escalante-Vázquez Edgardo J. , Serna-Saldívar Sergio O.
Published: March 2019

The aim of this research was to identify, extract and isolate pristimerin in leaves, stems and roots of the Mexican plant Mortonia greggii ( Celastraceae). The principal objective was to determine the best laboratory experimental conditions for the extraction and isolation of this powerful natural anticancer agent from the root tissue. Six experimental factors in solid-liquid pristimerin extraction were analyzed: solvent systems, number of extractions, ratio of plant weight (g)/solvent volume (mL) used, time of extraction, temperature and agitation. A mathematical model was generated for pristimerin purity and yield. Ethanol, first extraction, 0.5 ratio of plant weight/solvent volume (g/mL), 0.5 h, 200 rpm and 49.7°C were optimal conditions for the extraction of this phytochemical. The degree of purification of pristimerin root extract was studied by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) using Sephadex LH-20 reaching fractions with purification indexes (PI) greater than 2 and recoveries of 28.3%. When fractions with purification indices higher than 1 and less than 2 were accumulated, the recovery of pristimerin increased by about 73.6%. By combining the optimum extracts and SEC purification protocols, an enriched fraction containing 245.6 mg pristimerin was obtained from 100 g of root bark, representing about 14.4%, w/w, pristimerin from the total solids presented in the fraction.
Bromotyrosine Alkaloids with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity from the Thai Sponge Acanthodendrilla sp
Authors: Sirimangkalakitti Natchanun , Olatunji Opeyemi J. , Changwichit Kanokwan , Saesong Tongchai , Chamni Supakarn , Chanvorachote Pithi , Ingkaninan Kornkanok , Plubrukarn Anuchit , Suwanborirux Khanit
Published: March 2019

Twenty bromotyrosine alkaloids, including a new compound, 13-oxosubereamolline D (5), were isolated from the Thai sponge Acanthodendrilla sp. Their structures were determined by analyses of 1D- and 2D-NMR, high-resolution mass, and circular dichroism data. The complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of 5,7β-dichlorocavernicolin (19) and 5,7α-dichlorocavernicolin (20) are described herein for the first time. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated. Only homoaerothionin (7) and fistularin 1 (10) exhibited inhibitory activity against human recombinant AChE ( hrAChE) with IC50s of 4.5 and 47.5 μM, respectively. The hrAChE inhibition kinetics of 7, the most potent alkaloid, showed increased K m and unchanged V max values, suggesting its competitive mode of inhibition. The spirocyclohexadienylisoxazole and the length of the alkyl diamine linkage were proposed as the crucial parts for its strong inhibitory activity. This finding indicates a therapeutic potential for 7 in acetylcholine-related diseases, most importantly Alzheimer's disease.
Ircinal E, a New Manzamine Derivative from the Indonesian Marine Sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens
Authors: AlTarabeen Mousa , Daletos Georgios , Ebrahim Weaam , Müller Werner E. G. , Hartmann Rudolf , Lin Wenhan , Proksch Peter
Published: March 2019

Chemical investigation of the MeOH extract of the sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens afforded the new manzamine derivative ircinal E (1), in addition to six known metabolites (2–7). The structure of the new compound was unequivocally elucidated using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry. Compounds 1–6 exhibited strong to moderate cytotoxicity against the murine lymphoma L5178Y cell line with IC50 values ranging from 2.8 to 21.7 μM.
Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Properties and Chemical Profiles of Moroccan Propolis
Authors: Popova Milena , Lyoussi Badiaa , Aazza Smail , Antunes Dulce , Bankova Vassya , Miguel Graça
Published: March 2019

The chemical profiles of propolis hydroalcoholic extracts from different regions of Morocco were studied by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after silylation. Samples from Khamissat and Imouzzer belong to the poplar type, as typical poplar flavonoids predominated. Propolis from Rabat also contained high percentage of flavonoids, but had significantly lower amount of phenolic acid esters and contained no pinobanksin-3- O-acetate. Propolis from Bhalil demonstrated a profile rich in diterpenes (74.3%), and is a typical Mediterranean propolis sample. All samples had the capacity for inhibiting glucosidase and amylase enzymes, as well as the capacity for scavenging free radicals and preventing lipid peroxidation. Both activities were significantly higher in the flavonoids-rich samples.
A New 3′-Prenyloxypsoralen from the Raw Fruits of Aegle marmelos and its Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Radchatawedchakoon Widchaya , Bamrungsuk Suthep , Namwijit Siriporn , Apiratikul Nuttapon , Sakee Uthai , Yingyongnarongkul Boon-Ek
Published: March 2019

One new furanocoumarin, 3′-prenyloxypsoralen (1), and two known furanocoumarins, imperatorin (2) and xanthotoxin (3) were isolated from the raw fruits of Aegle marmelos. The structures of the isolated coumarins were confirmed by spectroscopic evidence. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against HEK293, HeLa, MCF7, and HT29 cell lines with IC50 values of 31.2, 44.8, 36.3, and >50.0 μg/mL, respectively.
Three New Chlorinated Cyclopentenols, Palmaenols A and B and Palmaetriol, from the Discomycete Lachnum palmae
Authors: Tanabe Yuka , Matsumoto Takunori , Hosoya Tsuyoshi , Tomoda Hiroshi , Shiro Motoo , Shigemori Hideyuki
Published: March 2019

The new chlorinated cyclopentenols, palmaenol A (1) and palmaetriol (3), were isolated from the culture broth of the discomycete Lachnum palmae (NBRC-106495). In addition, a new chlorinated cyclopentenol, palmaenol B (2), a geometric isomer of 1, was also obtained from the culture broth containing KCl. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated from spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-3 are cyclopentenols containing three or two chlorines; 1 and 2 are also reduced forms of palmaenones A (4) and B (5), which have been isolated from the same discomycete, respectively. Compounds 4 and 5 had potent antimicrobial activity, while compounds 1–3 showed no such activity. Thus, it is suggested that the unsaturated carbonyl group at C-6 has an important role for the antimicrobial activity.
Prebiotic Effects of Agave salmiana Fructans in Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis Cultures
Authors: Castro-Zavala Adriana , Juárez-Flores Bertha I. , Pinos-Rodríguez Juan M. , Delgado-Portales Rosa E. , Aguirre-Rivera Juan R. , Alcocer-Gouyonnet Francisco
Published: March 2019

Agave salmiana is a fructan rich species that is widely distributed in Mexico. The aim of this investigation was to extract the fructans of A. salmiana and evaluate their prebiotic effect in 48 hours in vitro cultures of Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus and to compare this effect with other available fructan sources. A significant difference in pH, optical density and biomass was found in the cultures depending on the source of fructans and the type of bacteria. It was possible to determine a dose-response effect of the A. salmiana fructans and the growth of the studied strains.
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Essential Oil and Extracts of Piper miniatum
Authors: Wan Salleh Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi , Kammil Mohd Fariz , Ahmad Farediah , Sirat Hasnah Mohd
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of the essential oil and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts from Piper miniatum were determined. GC and GC–MS analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of 64 components, accounting for 89.2% of the total. The major components were caryophyllene oxide (20.3%) and α-cubebene (10.4%). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching, DPPH radical scavenging and total phenolic content. In the β-carotene assay, the n-hexane extract showed the highest inhibition activity with 42.7%, while the oil gave 91.3%. The essential oil and extracts were tested for anti-inflammatory activity by using the TPA-induced mouse ear edema model and lipoxygenase assays. The essential oil exhibited significant activity in both models as an anti-inflammatory agent. The n-hexane extract showed strong activity with inhibition of 85.9% in the TPA-induced mouse ear edema model, while the chloroform extract showed the highest activity with 94.2% in the lipoxygenase assay.
Petchienes A–E, Meroterpenoids from Ganoderma petchii
Authors: Gao Qin-Lei , Guo Ping-Xia , Luo Qi , Yan Hui , Cheng Yong-Xian
Published: March 2019

Petchienes A-E (1–5), five new meroterpenoids, were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma petchii. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by means of spectroscopic and computational methods. Compound 4 was isolated as a racemic mixture, which was finally purified by chiral HPLC to yield individual (-) and (+)-antipodes. Biological evaluation showed that compounds 2 and (-)-4 could increase intracellular free calcium concentration at 10 μM in HEK-293 cells.
Cytochalasans and Sesquiterpenes from Eutypella scoparia 1–15
Authors: Qi Shuang , Wang Yue , Zheng Zhonghui , Xu Qingyan , Deng Xianming
Published: March 2019

Three new compounds, an open-chain cytochalasan scoparasin C (1), a pyrichalasan scoparasin D (2), and a β-eudesmol type sesquiterpene scopararane C (5), along with three known compounds (3, 4 and 6), were isolated from the marine fungus Eutypella scoparia 1–15. Their structures were determined on the basis of comprehensive NMR and MS analysis. Compound 2 exhibited potent cytotoxicities with very low IC50 values against several cancer cell lines, including A375, A549, HepG2 and MCF-7.
Concise Synthesis of Taiwaniaquinol B and 5-epi-Taiwaniaquinone G
Authors: Meng Yonggang , Liu Yizhen , Lv Zhigang , Wang Jinqian , Wang Yanyan , Song Chuanjun , Chang Junbiao
Published: March 2019

The natural product taiwaniaquinol B and the unnatural 5- epi-taiwaniaquinone G were synthesized based on a highly efficient tandem acylation–Nazarov cyclization approach to build the tricyclic skeleton.
Effect of Enzyme Inhibitors on Terpene Trilactones Biosynthesis and Gene Expression Profiling in Ginkgo biloba Cultured Cells
Authors: Chen Lijia , Tong Hui , Wang Mingxuan , Zhu Jianhua , Zi Jiachen , Song Liyan , Yu Rongmin
Published: March 2019

The biosynthetic pathway of terpene trilactones of Ginkgo biloba is unclear. In this present study, suspension cultured cells of G. biloba were used to explore the regulation of the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathways in response to specific enzyme inhibitors (lovastatin and clomazone). The results showed that the biosynthesis of bilobalide was more highly correlated with the MVA pathway, and the biosynthesis of ginkgolides was more highly correlated with the MEP pathway. Meanwhile, according to the results, it could be speculated that bilobalide might be a product of ginkgolide metabolism.
Two New 18-Norschiartane-type Schinortriterpenoids from Schisandra lancifolia
Authors: Liu Miao , Luo Yuan-Qing , Wang Wei-Guang , Shi Yi-Ming , Wu Hai-Yan , Du Xue , Pu Jian-Xin , Sun Han-Dong
Published: March 2019

Two new 18-norschiartane-type schinortriterpenoids, namely wuwezidilactones Q (1) and R (2) were isolated from the stems of Schisandra lancfolia. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were further determined by ROESY and an empirical comparison of their experimental ECD spectra with literature.
Terpenoids and Steroids from Euphorbia hypericifolia
Authors: Zhao Jin-Xin , Shi Shan-Shan , Sheng Li , Li Jia , Yue Jian-Min
Published: March 2019

Two new triterpenoids and two new sterols, named euphyperins A-D (1–4), including an oleanane-type triterpenoid (1), a lupane-type nortriterpenoid (2), and two cholestane-type steroids (3 and 4), along with five known compounds (5–9) were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Euphorbia hypericifolia. Euphyperin B (2) represents a rare lupane-type nortriterpenoid, and euphyperin C (3) is a novel 8,14-secocholestane-type steroid. Euphyperin A (1) exhibited moderate PTP1B inhibitory activity with an IC50 = 17.05 ± 1.12 μg/mL.
Three New Cytotoxic Withanolides from the Chinese Folk Medicine Physalis angulata
Authors: Gao Cai-Yun , Ma Ting , Luo Jun , Kong Ling-Yi
Published: March 2019

Physagulides M-O, three new withanolides (1–3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis angulata L. Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations (22- R) of these new compounds were determined by CD analysis. Compounds 1 and 3 showed significant selective cytotoxic activities on the MG-63 cell line, with IC50 values of 4.28 and 5.44 μM, respectively.