bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitioning from inhibition to contextual emergence: investigating the mechanisms underlying the marginalization of county-level public libraries in China
Authors: Wang Zijian , Xiao Ximing , Fu Shiwei , Shi Qinggong
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to uncover the mechanisms behind the marginalization of county-level public libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

The research surveyed 25 counties in central China, including Hubei, Chongqing, Hunan, and Guizhou provinces. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with library directors and deputy directors, focusing on main and branch library construction, cultural inclusivity, library assessment, and digital services.

Findings

Contributing factors to library marginalization were identified as economic pressure, institutional domain, longstanding issues, organizational entity, and societal misconceptions. Building on this, the study introduces the HBAC model to explain county-level public library marginalization. Considering the actual social context of these libraries, the article proposes a “3 + 1” approach to mitigate their marginalization.

Originality/value

The research methodology, analysis process, theoretical model, and recommendations provided could shed light on academic research and practical exploration in the field of public libraries globally.
Dividend omissions and dividend cuts behaviour: a dynamic random-effect probit panel regression analysis
Authors: Patel Samveg
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The study aims to examine the dividend omissions and dividend cuts behaviour of manufacturing and non-financial services firms to identify the determinants of dividend omissions and dividend cuts.

Design/methodology/approach

The study analyses the financial data of 3,546 firms from 2011 to 2020 (35,460 firm-year observations) using a dynamic random-effect probit panel regression model.

Findings

The results suggest that profitability, growth opportunity, leverage, liquidity, risk, extraordinary income, shareholding pattern and buyback are major determinants of dividend omissions. Similarly, dividend cut in the previous year, profitability, operating cash flow, risk and extraordinary income are major factors leading to dividend cuts.

Research limitations/implications

Firms which omit the dividend are less likely to start paying dividend in subsequent years, whereas firms which cut the dividend may increase dividend in later years. Also, profitability decreases for a significant number of firms post dividend omission and cut. This indicates that dividend omission is a more prominent signal than a dividend cut for the financial health of a firm.

Practical implications

The determinants identified in the study enable analysts and portfolio managers to decide the propensity of dividend omission and cut even before actual announcements and can alleviate the significant loss in the portfolio. Also, managers and the board of directors would be able to monitor the firm’s financial performance to avoid the situation leading to dividend omissions and cuts.

Social implications

The study strongly recommends that firms should voluntarily pay dividends to shareholders to encourage the healthy participation of retail shareholders in the equity market and create a long-term win–win situation for all stakeholders in society. If a large number of firms continue not to pay the dividend, the study appeals to the regulators to intervene to protect shareholders' interests for the greater good of society.

Originality/value

To the best of author’s knowledge, this is the first study to empirically identify the determinants of dividend omission and cut in the unique setting like India where dividend taxation had undergone a significant change.
Polymer-based 3D printing of function-integrated optomechanics – design guidelines and system evaluation
Authors: Kranert Fabian , Hinkelmann Moritz , Lachmayer Roland , Neumann Jörg , Kracht Dietmar
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to extend the known design guidelines for the polymer-based fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing process with the focus on function-integrated components, specifically optomechanical parts. The potential of this approach is demonstrated by manufacturing function-integrated optomechanics for a low-power solid-state laser system.

Design/methodology/approach

For the production of function-integrated additively manufactured optomechanics using the FFF process, essential components and subsystems have been identified for which no design guidelines are available. This includes guidelines for integrating elements, particularly optics, into a polymer structure as well as guidelines for printing functional threads and ball joints. Based on these results, combined with prior research, a function-integrated low-power solid-state laser optomechanic was fabricated via the FFF process, using a commercial 3D printer of the type Ultimaker 3. The laser system's performance was assessed and compared to a reference system that employed commercial optomechanics, additionally confirming the design guidelines derived from the study.

Findings

Based on the design goal of function integration, the existing design guidelines for the FFF process are systematically extended. This success is demonstrated by the fabrication of an integrated optomechanic for a solid-state laser system.

Practical implications

Based on these results, scientists and engineers will be able to use the FFF process more extensively and benefit from the possibilities of function-integrated manufacturing.

Originality/value

Extensive research has been published on additive manufacturing of optomechanics. However, this research often emphasizes only cost reduction and short-term availability of components by reprinting existing parts. This paper aims to explore the capabilities of additive manufacturing in the production of function-integrated components to reduce the number of individual parts required, thereby decreasing the workload for system assembly and leading to an innovative production process for optical systems. Consequently, where needed, it provides new design guidelines or extends existing ones and verifies them by means of test series.
Bayesian time‐lapse full waveform inversion using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
Authors: de Lima P. D. S. , Ferreira M. S. , Corso G. , de Araújo J. M.
Published: September 2024

Time‐lapse images carry out important information about dynamic changes in Earth's interior, which can be inferred using different full waveform inversion schemes. The estimation process is performed by manipulating more than one seismic dataset, associated with the baseline and monitors surveys. The time‐lapse variations can be so minute and localized that quantifying the uncertainties becomes fundamental to assessing the reliability of the results. The Bayesian formulation of the full waveform inversion problem naturally provides confidence levels in the solution, but evaluating the uncertainty of time‐lapse seismic inversion remains a challenge due to the ill‐posedness and high dimensionality of the problem. The Hamiltonian Monte Carlo can effectively sample over high‐dimensional distributions with affordable computational efforts. In this context, we explore the sequential approach in a Bayesian fashion for time‐lapse full waveform inversion using the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method. The idea relies on integrating the baseline survey information as prior knowledge to the monitor estimation. We compare this methodology with a parallel scheme in perfect and a simple perturbed acquisition geometry scenario considering the Marmousi and a typical Brazilian pre‐salt velocity model. We also investigate the correlation effect between baseline and monitor samples on the propagated uncertainties. The results show that samples between different surveys are weakly correlated in the sequential case, while the parallel strategy provides time‐lapse images with lower dispersion. Our findings demonstrate that both methodologies are robust in providing uncertainties even in non‐repeatable scenarios.
Comparative analysis of milk fat globule membrane proteins between porcine and human colostrum by a label‐free proteomics approach
Authors: Zhao Huiwen , Zhang Zhenghan , Liu Xianjun , Li Jiantao , Song Wanying , Yue Xiqing , Liu Xiaoyu
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the similarities and differences in milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins from porcine colostrum (PC) and human colostrum (HC) based on a label‐free proteomics approach. In total, 3901 and 4027 MFGM proteins were identified in PC and HC, respectively, including 3452 common proteins. Similar biological functions and pathways were found in two groups, whereas the quantities and types of MFGM proteins involved were different. This study compared the differences between MFGM proteins in PC and HC, effectively expanding the MFGM proteome and its bioinformatic database and providing new insights for the exploration of porcine milk.
Theory is inclusive, practice is integrative? Discourses on inclusion in the education community
Authors: Sierra‐Martínez Silvia , Crestar Irene , Fernández‐Menor Isabel , Latas Ángeles Parrilla
Published: September 2024

Defining educational inclusion is a complex task on which there is still no conceptual agreement among practitioners. Although the term inclusion has moved away from integration or disability, it has not yet been consolidated as the presence and participation of all students. Some of the reasons are lack of material and human resources, isolated curriculum or teacher training, among others. A qualitative research project was carried out with the aim of identifying the portraits that the different informant agents make of inclusion. The technique used to collect information was an open interview with 44 participants, representatives of different groups (head teachers, classroom teachers, specialists, counsellors, families, students, associations and politicians). The information was analysed using the content analysis model, supported by MAXQDA22 software. The results delve into (1) the dissonant issues with inclusion and (2) the rupture they perceive between legislation and daily practice, and (3) reveal five dominant discourses on the concept: as a legal measure, as a category, as an educational measure, as wealth and as participation. In conclusion, the vision of inclusion in this study remains confused, diffuse and utopian.
Concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bread and health risk assessment across the globe: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Asadi Touranlou Fateme , Hashemi Mohammad , Ghavami Vahid , Tavakoly Sany Seyedeh Belin
Published: September 2024

Although bread is the principal food in most countries, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be present and pose a potential risk to consumers. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive report on the concentration and health risks associated with PAHs in bread around the world. Various databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, were searched from their beginnings until December 2023 for this systematic review, which included 34 potentially relevant articles with data relating to 1057 bread samples. Utilizing a multilevel regression modeling approach, the study evaluated various factors such as fuel type, bread type, and geographical location. Following the initial evaluation, in 26.47% and 20.28% of all studies, the levels of Bap and PAH4 were higher than the permissible limit values, respectively. Based on the isomer ratios, 55.88% of the studies associated the presence of PAHs in bread samples with pyrogenic/coal combustion sources. According to the carcinogenic risk results, bread consumers in all studies have been exposed to moderate or high levels of carcinogenicity. The most significant risk levels are associated with the consumption of bread in Egypt, Kuwait, Iran, and India. Moreover, meta‐regression analysis demonstrated significantly higher toxicity equivalent quotient and cancer risk mean values in bread baked using fossil fuels compared to other sources (p < .05). The high concentrations of PAHs, especially Benzo[a]pyrene, in bread pose a serious public health risk. Stringent regulations and monitoring are crucial to reduce contamination. Further research is necessary to develop safe processing methods to remove PAHs in bread.
Antimicrobial peptides derived from food byproducts: Sources, production, purification, applications, and challenges
Authors: Davoudi Mahshad , Gavlighi Hassan Ahmadi , Javanmardi Fardin , Benjakul Soottawat , Nikoo Mehdi
Published: September 2024

Food wastes can be a valuable reservoir of bioactive substances that can serve as natural preservatives in foods or as functional ingredients with potential health benefits. The antimicrobial properties of protein hydrolysates, especially antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from food byproducts (FBs), have been extensively explored. These protein fragments are defined by their short length, low molecular weight, substantial content of hydrophobic and basic amino acids, and positive net charge. The intricate mechanisms by which these peptides exert their antimicrobial effects on microorganisms and pathogens have been elaborately described. This review also focuses on techniques for producing and purifying AMPs from diverse FBs, including seafood, livestock, poultry, plants, and dairy wastes. According to investigations, incorporating AMPs as additives and alternatives to chemical preservatives in food formulations and packaging materials has been pursued to enhance both consumer health and the shelf life of foods and their products. However, challenges associated with the utilization of AMPs derived from food waste depend on their interaction with the food matrix, acceptability, and commercial viability. Overall, AMPs can serve as alternative safe additives, thereby ensuring the safety and prolonging the storage duration of food products based on specific regulatory approvals as recommended by the respective safety authorities.
Protein–phenolic interactions and reactions: Discrepancies, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Kieserling Helena , de Bruijn Wouter J. C. , Keppler Julia , Yang Jack , Sagu Sorel Tchewonpi , Güterbock Daniel , Rawel Harshadrai , Schwarz Karin , Vincken Jean‐Paul , Schieber Andreas , Rohn Sascha
Published: September 2024

Although noncovalent interactions and covalent reactions between phenolic compounds and proteins have been investigated across diverse scientific disciplines, a comprehensive understanding and identification of their products remain elusive. This review will initially outline the chemical framework and, subsequently, delve into unresolved or debated chemical and functional food‐related implications, as well as forthcoming challenges in this topic. The primary objective is to elucidate the multiple aspects of protein–phenolic interactions and reactions, along with the underlying overwhelming dynamics and possibilities of follow‐up reactions and potential crosslinking between proteins and phenolic compounds. The resulting products are challenging to identify and characterize analytically, as interactions and reactions occur concurrently, mutually influencing each other. Moreover, they are being modulated by various conditions such as the reaction parameters and, obviously, the chemical structure. Additionally, this review delineates the resulting discrepancies and challenges of properties and attributes such as color, taste, foaming, emulsion and gel formation, as well as effects on protein digestibility and allergenicity. Ultimately, this review is an opinion paper of a group of experts, dealing with these challenges for quite a while and aiming at equipping researchers with a critical and systematic approach to address current research gaps concerning protein–phenolic interactions and reactions.
AI‐based R&D for frozen and thawed meat: Research progress and future prospects
Authors: Qiao Jiangshan , Zhang Min , Wang Dayuan , Mujumdar Arun S. , Chu Chaoyang
Published: September 2024

Frozen and thawed meat plays an important role in stabilizing the meat supply chain and extending the shelf life of meat. However, traditional methods of research and development (R&D) struggle to meet rising demands for quality, nutritional value, innovation, safety, production efficiency, and sustainability. Frozen and thawed meat faces specific challenges, including quality degradation during thawing. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising solution to tackle these challenges in R&D of frozen and thawed meat. AI's capabilities in perception, judgment, and execution demonstrate significant potential in problem‐solving and task execution. This review outlines the architecture of applying AI technology to the R&D of frozen and thawed meat, aiming to make AI better implement and deliver solutions. In comparison to traditional R&D methods, the current research progress and promising application prospects of AI in this field are comprehensively summarized, focusing on its role in addressing key challenges such as rapid optimization of thawing process. AI has already demonstrated success in areas such as product development, production optimization, risk management, and quality control for frozen and thawed meat. In the future, AI‐based R&D for frozen and thawed meat will also play an important role in promoting personalization, intelligent production, and sustainable development. However, challenges remain, including the need for high‐quality data, complex implementation, volatile processes, and environmental considerations. To realize the full potential of AI that can be integrated into R&D of frozen and thawed meat, further research is needed to develop more robust and reliable AI solutions, such as general AI, explainable AI, and green AI.
Emotional geographies of roadkill: Stained experiences of tourism in Tasmania
Authors: Leurs Elleke , Kirkpatrick James , Hardy Anne
Published: September 2024

Globally, road fatalities affect wildlife populations and ecosystems, leading to ecological imbalances, economic losses, and safety hazards for both animals and humans. However, the emotional toll on humans is less well understood. This research explores tourists’ responses to roadkill, using emotional geography as the overarching framework, and focusing on the island state of Tasmania in Australia. Tasmania is known for its diverse and abundant native wildlife, as well as the unfortunate distinction of having Australia’s highest rate of wildlife fatalities caused by vehicle collisions, commonly referred to as roadkill. A mixed‐method questionnaire asked respondents to share emotions, and we then considered their relationships to socio‐demographic attributes. Around 97% of respondents encountered roadkill during their stays, and 63% encountered live animals on or near the road. Tourists identified sadness as the most felt emotion when confronted with the consequences of wildlife–vehicle collisions. Anger and disgust were also experienced, primarily because of the unpleasant sight of roadkill and the realisation that animals suffered. Women reported being more negatively affected than men. Tourists who had visited to see wildlife were more affected than those who had not. Analysis leads to the conclusion that unplanned, sporadic, unexpected, and confronting encounters with dead animals detract from the tourism experience for most, especially encounters with wildlife was anticipated as a positive experience on tour. Such findings have wider implications for those working in the tourism industry in mainland Australia, Canada, and South Africa, where roadkill is also problematic.
How to Assess Digitisation Impacts on the Food Industry: The Dutch Case of Microdata Collection for Firms’ Sustainability
Authors: Dalhaus Tobias , Uhlemann Jan‐Philip , van der Voort Mariska , Bonestroo John , Zilberman David , Reardon Thomas
Published: September 2024

Digital innovations can increase resilience and sustainability of food businesses due to for instance increasing efficiency, reducing pollution or improving transparency about production conditions. However, much of the research on this topic has been done at the primary production level, i.e. on technology impacts on farms, or remains at an ex‐ante case study level when looking at digital technology impacts in downstream food businesses. Therefore, ex‐post impacts of digital technologies after their adoption are largely unknown.

We here argue that this knowledge gap arises from the fact that we lack single company data (i.e. micro‐data) on the adoption of digital technologies in food businesses. Only with this information can actual impacts of these technologies be assessed using causal inference methods. As a way forward, we highlight a unique dataset of digital technology adoption among Dutch downstream food businesses that is available for research purposes. We show that digital technologies already have a considerable market penetration in the Netherlands. Therefore, we urge the scientific community and governmental statistical offices to collect and make available similar data globally and make use of the already existing data. Such impact assessments will inform and accelerate the transition towards more sustainable and resilient food value chains.
Long‐term outcomes and risk profile of cT3N0 breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and curative surgery
Authors: Shin Young Seob , Jeong Jae Ho , Chung Il Yong , Lee Jaeha , Kim Su Ssan , Ahn Seung Do , Lee Jong Won , Son Byung Ho , Jung Jinhong
Published: September 2024

Introduction

We evaluated the treatment outcomes and failure patterns in cT3N0 breast cancer patients classified for rigorous pretreatment evaluation and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and curative surgery.

Methods

We reviewed the records of 87 cT3N0 breast cancer patients who received NAC and curative surgery between 2000 and 2015. The clinical high‐risk group was defined as having two or more risk factors: age < 40, histologic grade 3, lymphovascular invasion, hormone receptor negativity, and Ki‐67 labeling index >20%.

Results

Of the patients, 84 (96.6%) and 79 (90.8%) were initially evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Most patients received anthracycline based NAC regimen (n = 69, 79.3%) and modified radical mastectomy (n = 61, 70.1%). During a 91.5‐month median follow‐up, ten patients experienced distant metastasis (DM) only, two had isolated local recurrence, one had local recurrence and DM, and another had local recurrence, regional recurrence, and DM. The 5‐year rates of locoregional recurrence, DM, any recurrence (AR), and overall survival (OS) were 1.2%, 11.6%, 11.6%, and 90.8%, respectively. The risk group was an independent prognostic factor of recurrence, and the high‐risk group had worse rates of DM (19.2% vs. 0%, P = 0.009), AR (19.2% vs. 0%, P = 0.016) and OS (82.8% vs. 100%, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Patients with cT3N0 breast cancer classified for rigorous pretreatment evaluation and treated with NAC and radical surgery had favourable oncological outcomes. A clinical risk group based on clinical and immunohistochemical risk factors was an excellent predictor of survival and recurrence.
Association between folate intake and radiographic progression, pain function scores in subjects with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: Data from the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: Luo Huanhuan , Zheng Zitian , Xiong Yujun , Xu Huazhao , Xue Qingyun , Sun Chao
Published: September 2024

Background

Folate has an important role in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system, including modulation of inflammation, immunity, cartilage regeneration, prevention of osteoporosis, and maintenance of muscle strength, but evidence on the association between folate intake and knee pain, functional scores, and radiographic progression in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) is still limited.

Methodology

Our population‐based cohort was extracted from the osteoarthritis initiative (OAI), focusing on individuals with prevalent radiographic knee OA (with a Kellgren–Lawrence score ≥2). Folate consumption was determined using the food frequency questionnaire. Data regarding the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and radiographic readings were collected over 48 months. We analyzed the compiled data using generalized additive mixed models.

Results

Our cohort consisted of 1472 OA patients (626 men and 846 women, mean [SD] age 62.35 [8.92]). At the 48‐month follow‐up, we observed a significant correlation between higher folate intake and a slower progression of knee pain and functional scores, as evidenced by a statistically significant decrease in the WOMAC total score, WOMAC pain subscale score, and WOMAC function/disability subscale score (p < .05). The fully adjusted models estimated a reduction of −0.028 points per 50 μg/1000 kcal of daily folate intake on the WOMAC pain subscale, −0.117 points on the WOMAC function subscale, and −0.160 points on the total WOMAC scale. Furthermore, our nonparametric fit analysis suggested that a higher intake of folate might decelerate the radiographic progression of OA. Stratified analyses indicated that an increase in folate consumption might particularly benefit men, older adults, overweight and obese individuals, and those with a higher dietary fiber intake.

Conclusion

Higher folate intake is correlated with improved knee function and reduced pain in patients with knee OA and might deter the radiographic progression of OA. The benefits appear to be more pronounced in men, older adults, overweight and obese individuals, and those with a higher dietary fiber intake.
Comparison of survivals between sublobar resection and lobar resection for patients with clinical stage I non‐small cell lung cancer and interstitial lung disease: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Matsushima Ryohei , Fujino Kosuke , Motooka Yamato , Yamada Hiroyuki , Shirakami Chika , Shinchi Yusuke , Osumi Hironobu , Yamada Tatsuya , Yoshimoto Kentaro , Ikeda Koei , Kubota Ichiro , Suzuki Makoto
Published: September 2024

Background

Patients with early‐stage lung cancer and interstitial lung disease have a poorer prognosis than those without interstitial lung disease. This study aimed to compare the long‐term outcomes of lobar and sublobar resections in these patients.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 138 consecutive patients with clinical stage I non‐small cell lung cancer and interstitial lung disease who underwent surgical treatment at two institutions between January 2010 and December 2020. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to adjust for baseline characteristics.

Results

Thirty‐six patients underwent sublobar resection and 102 underwent lobar resection. The median follow‐up was 45.7 months. In all patients, 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 33.2% and 73.2%, and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates were 24.2% and 60.1% in the sublobar and lobar resection groups, respectively (p < 0.01, <0.01). Death due to lung cancer and locoregional recurrence were significantly more frequent in the sublobar resection group than in the lobar resection group (p = 0.034, <0.01, respectively). On propensity score matching analysis, the 5‐year OS rates of the 19 matched pairs were 46.3% and 73.2%, and the RFS rates were 31.6% and 67.6% in the sublobar and lobar resection groups, respectively (p = 0.036, <0.01). The Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated a significant association between lobar resection and improved survival (p = 0.047).

Conclusion

The patients in the lobar resection group had better survival rates than those in the sublobar resection group. In terms of long‐term prognosis, deliberately limited surgery may not be necessary for patients who tolerate lobectomy.
Clinical manifestation and outcome of lung cancer patients with ocular metastasis: 16 case reports and systematic review
Authors: Liu Yunxin , Feng Xiaoyi , Xu Yan , Yu Siyuan , Wang Mengzhao
Published: September 2024

Ocular metastasis is a rare type of distant metastasis of lung cancer. Limited information is available regarding ocular symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. We reported 16 patients diagnosed with ocular metastasis from lung cancer treated at our hospital from January 1988 to March 2024 and conducted a systematic review of 100 patients retrieved from the PubMed database from January 2014 to December 2023. A pooled analysis was performed using individual‐level patient data to generate the hazard ratio (HR) of the association between patient characteristics and overall survival. A total of 116 patients, 100 patients from the literature and 16 patients from our center, diagnosed with ocular metastasis from lung cancer were included in this study. Choroid metastasis was presented in 77 (66.4%) patients and was significantly associated with the onset of lung cancer with ocular symptoms and decreased vision; iris metastasis was significantly associated with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), high intraocular pressure, and ocular pain. Multivariate analyses revealed that males (HR, 2.488; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.127–5.495), age ≥ 60 years (HR, 3.196; 95% CI, 1.391–7.341), and onset with ocular symptoms (HR, 4.312; 95% CI, 1.675–11.099) were significantly associated with overall survival. For non‐SCLC (NSCLC) patients, compared with chemotherapy, targeted therapy (HR, 0.238; 95% CI, 0.087–0.651) and combined therapy (HR, 0.133; 95% CI, 0.017–0.822) have greater therapeutic efficacy. Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy are more effective than chemotherapy alone for ocular metastatic NSCLC patients. For patients with targetable mutations, new‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are preferred.
Long guidewire peripheral intravenous catheters in emergency departments for management of difficult intravenous access: A multicenter, pragmatic, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xu Hui (Grace) , Corley Amanda , Young Emily R. , Doubrovsky Anna , Ware Robert S. , Afoakwah Clifford , Wang Carrie , Stirling Scott , Marsh Nicole
Published: September 2024

Background

A quarter of patients who present to emergency departments (EDs) have difficult intravenous access (DIVA), making it challenging for clinicians to successfully place a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC). Some literature suggests that guidewire PIVC improves first‐insertion success rate.

Aim

The aim was to determine the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of a novel long PIVC (5.8 cm) with a retractable coiled guidewire (GW‐PIVC) for patients with DIVA, compared with standard care PIVCs.

Methods

A pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted in two Australian EDs. Eligible participants were adults assessed as meeting DIVA criteria. Participants were randomized (1:1 ratio; stratified by hospital) to either GW‐PIVC (long) or standard care group (short or long PIVC). The use of ultrasound was discretionary in the standard care group and was recommended in the GW‐PIVC group due to the pragmatic design that was primarily testing the GW‐PIVC rather than the ultrasound use. Primary outcome was first‐insertion success and secondary outcomes included all‐cause device failure, patient and staff satisfaction, and cost‐effectiveness. The analysis was intention to treat.

Results

A total of 446 participants were randomized and 409 received PIVCs. The use of GW‐PIVC, compared with standard PIVC, had a lower first‐insertion success rate (68% vs. 77%, odds ratio [OR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–0.99, p < 0.05). There was no difference in PIVC failure (134.0 per 1000 catheter days [GW‐PIVC] vs. 111.8 [standard PIVC] per 1000 catheter days, hazard ratio 1.18, 95% CI 0.72–1.95). Both participant (8/10 vs. 9/10, median difference [MD] −1.00, 95% CI −1.37 to −0.63) and clinician (8/10 vs. 10/10, MD −2.00, 95% CI −2.37 to −1.63) satisfaction was lower with GW‐PIVCs compared with standard PIVCs. More nurses inserted standard PIVCs than GW‐PIVCs (56.9% vs. 36.5%) and had less confidence in their ultrasound skills (28.0% vs. 46.6% self‐claimed as advanced/expert users). The cost per participant of GW‐PIVC insertions was 2.46 times greater than standard PIVC insertions ($AU80.24 vs. $AU32.57).

Conclusions

GW‐PIVCs had significantly lower first‐insertion success and non–significantly higher all‐cause catheter failure. Additional training and device design familiar to clinicians are vital factors to enhance the likelihood of successful future implementation of GW‐PIVCs.
The influence of upward social comparison on status consumption in clothing, eating, living, and travelling: The mediating effects of perceived self‐improvement and perceived superiority
Authors: Liang Geying , Li Yan , Song Wu , Wang Yiwen
Published: September 2024

Compensatory consumption theory posits that individuals tend to engage in status consumption as a response to experiencing upward social comparison. However, it is unclear whether upward social comparison can influence status consumption in four lifestyle domains: clothing, eating, living, and travelling. Therefore, we conducted two separate studies with a sample of Chinese consumers. In Study 1, we investigated the effects of upward social comparison on status consumption in four domains by comparing participants with a specific individual. In Study 2, we examined the effects of upward social comparison on status consumption in four domains by comparing participants with a group. Additionally, Study 2 examined the mediating role of perceived self‐improvement and perceived superiority. The results revealed that participants exhibited higher purchase intentions and preferences for status products and services in four consumption domains when exposed to upward social comparison. Furthermore, the results also indicated that perceived self‐improvement and perceived superiority mediated the positive effects of status consumption in four domains under upward social comparison. These findings contribute to the broader applicability of compensatory consumption theory.
Letter: Social work and clinical synergy—Optimising health interventions for elderly DGBI populations
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wei Hua , Liu Ming
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Sperber et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18103 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18252
Letter: Social work and clinical synergy—Optimizing health interventions for elderly DGBI populations: Authors' reply
Authors: Sperber Ami D. , Freud Tamar , Palsson Olafur S. , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Simren Magnus
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Sperber et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18103 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18225
Associations between negative sexual messaging in childhood and sex guilt in adulthood
Authors: Yang T. Ariel , Dolan Abby , Hernandez Valeria , Kaufman Ava , Kruk Mary , Robbins Katherine , Conley Terri D.
Published: September 2024

Sex guilt refers to a feeling of shame or anxiety induced by sexual behavior due to the inconsistency between a person's value and their sexuality. Sex guilt often stems from traditional, gender stereotypical sexual views and attitudes. In this study, we inquired what factors could be predicting sex guilt. Negative sexual messaging (NSM) refers to the promotion of abstinence and the glorification of virginity, representing a set of sex‐negatives views. We evaluated the relationships between NSM in childhood and sex guilt in adulthood. We include childhood sexual abuse as an alternative predictor of sex guilt to anchor our results with NSM. Participants were recruited through undergraduate groups and online platforms (total N = 1322) and completed an online survey regarding about their sexual experience. We found that NSM was a strong, persistent predictor of sex guilt. Those who experienced more NSM reported higher sex guilt. Our findings could be particularly informative for educators and policy maker who creates sex education curricula. Further study is needed to clarify the mechanisms through which NSM are associated with sex guilt.
A novel single‐port robotic proximal gastrectomy with right‐sided overlap and single‐flap valvuloplasty (RPG‐ROSF) to treat gastroesophageal cancer: A case report
Authors: Tou Laizhen , Jiang Chuan , Wu Dan , Zheng Jingjing , Luo Desheng , Que Haifeng , Sun Zheng , Wang Chuanguang , Wang Yue , Tao Xudong , Wang Jiaxun , Li Chengchang , Li Shuling , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Xu Hongtao
Published: September 2024

Robotic surgery has been widely used in surgical gastric cancer treatments, including proximal gastrectomy. Single‐port robotic system is gaining more popularity in robotic surgery, but there has been no report on its application in robotic proximal gastrectomy with right‐sided overlap and single‐flap valvuloplasty (RPG‐ROSF). Here, we report an RPG‐ROSF using a novel single‐port robotic system in a 51‐year‐old male patient with an early‐stage gastroesophageal cancer detected by gastroscopy. It took 90 min for robotic setup, 143 min for dissection, and 161 min for digestive tract reconstruction. There was no complication during and after the surgery. The patient was discharged in 8 days postsurgery. The pathological staging of the adenocarcinoma was pT1aN0M0. This preliminary study demonstrated the feasibility and safety of a novel single‐port robot in RPG‐ROSF.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors for antituberculosis drug‐induced hypersensitivity
Authors: Liu Quanxian , Guo Dingtao , Yu Mei , Tang Daoyan , Zhang Yongxian , Luo Mei , He Jianqing
Published: September 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors for hypersensitivity reactions induced by antituberculosis drugs.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of patients with active tuberculosis (TB) treated in the TB ward at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, from November 2010 to April 2020.

Results

Out of 7106 patients with active tuberculosis, 205 experienced hypersensitivity reactions to antituberculosis drugs; the incidence of hypersensitivity was 2.9%. The predominant clinical manifestation was a rash, observed in 57.1% (117/205) of these cases. Additionally, 19.0% (39/205) of patients presented with concurrent liver injury. The laboratory parameters white blood cell count, total lymphocyte count, monocyte count, eosinophil count, basophil count, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated in patients with hypersensitivity compared to those without. In 38 patients who tested positive for oral antituberculosis drug provocation, 14 (36.8%) were allergic to more than two antituberculosis drugs. Significant risk factors included being female (odds ratio [OR] = 1.387, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.016–1.894), under 65 years of age (OR = 1.826, 95% CI: 1.145–2.913), existing liver disease (OR = 2.464, 95% CI: 1.822–3.333) and a history of allergic diseases (OR = 6.633, 95% CI: 2.681–16.406) and were significantly correlated with hypersensitivity to antituberculosis drugs.

Conclusions

Hypersensitivity reactions to antituberculosis drugs primarily affect the skin, with significant associations observed with liver injury. Females, individuals younger than 65 years, those with pre‐existing liver disease and patients with a history of allergic diseases are at elevated risk for hypersensitivity.
Incidence of new fractures in older patients with osteoporosis receiving biosimilar teriparatide or reference products: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sato So , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Okada Akira , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: September 2024

Aims

Biosimilar products have clinical characteristics similar to those of brand‐name products and can reduce medical costs. However, the use of biosimilar products for osteoporosis treatments remains limited due to concerns regarding its safety and efficacy. We aimed to clarify the effectiveness and safety of the biosimilar teriparatide compared with those of the reference product using the incidence of new fractures and osteosarcoma as outcomes in osteoporosis patients.

Methods

This study used the DeSC database, which contains medical claims data for various insurers in Japan. We included patients with osteoporosis aged ≥65 years who newly received either biosimilar teriparatide or the reference products between April 2019 and November 2022. Competing risk analyses were performed with adjustments for patient characteristics. The primary and secondary outcomes were the occurrence of new fractures and osteosarcoma, respectively.

Results

Among 45 861 included patients, 3613 and 42 248 were in the biosimilar and reference product groups, respectively. The median follow‐up duration was 439 days. New fractures occurred in 6.7% of patients. Cumulative incidence function curves showed similar risks of new fractures over time in both groups. The cause‐specific hazard ratio for new fractures was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.82–1.11) for the biosimilar group compared with that of the reference product group. The incidence of osteosarcoma did not differ significantly between the groups (P = .559).

Conclusions

The biosimilar teriparatide showed effectiveness and safety comparable with those of the reference products in treating osteoporosis patients. Our results suggest that clinicians need not hesitate to prescribe biosimilar teriparatide for osteoporosis patients.
Ecological interactions in glacier environments: a review of studies on a model Alpine glacier
Authors: Crosta Arianna , Valle Barbara , Caccianiga Marco , Gobbi Mauro , Ficetola Francesco Gentile , Pittino Francesca , Franzetti Andrea , Azzoni Roberto Sergio , Lencioni Valeria , Senese Antonella , Corlatti Luca , Buda Jakub , Poniecka Ewa , Novotná Jaroměřská Tereza , Zawierucha Krzysztof , Ambrosini Roberto
Published: September 2024

Glaciers host a variety of cold‐adapted taxa, many of which have not yet been described. Interactions among glacier organisms are even less clear. Understanding ecological interactions is crucial to unravelling the functioning of glacier ecosystems, particularly in light of current glacier retreat. Through a review of the existing literature, we aim to provide a first overview of the biodiversity, primary production, trophic networks, and matter flow of a glacier ecosystem. We use the Forni Glacier (Central Italian Alps) – one of the best studied alpine glaciers in the world – as a model system for our literature review and integrate additional original data. We reveal the importance of allochthonous organic matter inputs, of Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic green algae in primary production, and the key role of springtails (Vertagopus glacialis) on the glacier surface in sustaining populations of two apex terrestrial predators: Nebria castanea (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Pardosa saturatior (Araneae: Lycosidae). The cryophilic tardigrade Cryobiotus klebelsbergi is the apex consumer in cryoconite holes. This short food web highlights the fragility of nodes represented by invertebrates, contrasting with structured microbial communities in all glacier habitats. Although further research is necessary to quantify the ecological interactions of glacier organisms, this review summarises and integrates existing knowledge about the ecological processes on alpine glaciers and supports the importance of glacier‐adapted organisms in providing ecosystem services.
The self‐memory system: Exploring developmental links between self and memory across early to late childhood
Authors: Ross Josephine , Hutchison Jacqui , Cunningham Sheila J.
Published: September 2024

This study tests whether developments in self‐knowledge and autobiographical memory across early to late childhood are related. Self‐descriptions and autobiographical memory reports were collected from 379 three‐ to eleven‐year‐old predominantly white Scottish children, Mage = 90.3 months, SD = 31.1, 54% female. Episodic memory was measured in an enactment task involving recall and source monitoring of performed and witnessed actions. The volume and complexity of self‐knowledge and autobiographical memory reports increased with age, as did source monitoring ability and recall bias for own actions. Regression analyses and structural equation modeling confirmed a close association between these developments. These results inform our theoretical understanding of the development of the self‐memory system in childhood, which may contribute to the gradual offset of childhood amnesia.
Exploring the Relationships Between Clinical Examination Findings, Subjective Reported Symptoms and Objective Nasal Patency Measures in Nasal Obstruction: A Baseline NAIROS Sub‐Study Analysis
Authors: Maniam Pavithran , Bray Alison , Drinnan Michael , Fouweather Tony , Teare M. Dawn , Carrie Sean , O'Hara James
Published: September 2024

Background

The role of objective nasal airflow measures using peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and rhinospirometry in supporting clinical examination findings when offering patients septoplasty remain undefined.

Objective

To explore the baseline relationships between clinical examination findings, subjective reported symptoms and objective nasal patency measures in nasal obstruction.

Methods

This is a sub‐study of the NAIROS trial. Participants with nasal obstruction secondary to septal deviation were included in this NAIROS sub‐study. The side of septal deviation, enlargement of inferior turbinate (IT), the need for IT reduction if septoplasty was being performed, the area of septum deflecting into the airway and observer rated airway block (ORAB–arbitrarily divided by <50% and >50% blockage) were assessed by clinicians. The subjective score of nasal obstruction was assessed using the Double Ordinal Assessed Subjective Scale (DOASS). Objective nasal patency measures (e.g., nasal partitioning ratio, [NPR] and PNIF) were measured using PNIF and rhinospirometry.

Results

The mean NPR for left‐sided, both‐sided and right‐sided septal deviation was −0.35, −0.02 and 0.51, respectively (p < 0.001). There was very weak correlation between the requirement for IT reduction and PNIF change (0.13, p < 0.01). There was no difference in mean PNIF (94 L/min vs. 93 L/min) and mean DOASS (0.33 vs. 0.38) for participants with ORAB rated <50% and >50%. The mean NPR for participants with ORAB >50% was higher than for those with ORAB <50% (0.51 vs. 0.41, p = 0.002). There was strong correlation between the DOASS and NPR (+0.737, p < 0.001). The mean DOASS score for right‐sided, both‐sided and left‐sided septal deviation was 0.32, 0.05 and −0.29, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study identified strong relationships between the clinician rated side of septal deflection, the patient reported DOASS and the objective NPR measurements. NPR and the clinician rated degree of airway blockage were concordant.