bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une insertion professionnelle inégale : l’importance de l’origine sociale dans les transitions professionnelles des jeunes en Argentine
Authors: Pérez Pablo , Deleo Camilia , Fernández Massi Mariana
Published: April 2021

Dans l’analyse contemporaine du processus d’insertion professionnelle des jeunes, les facteurs pris en considération sont les diplômes, l'expérience professionnelle préalable et le genre, masquant ainsi une dimension plus structurelle, à savoir l'origine sociale. L'objectif de cette recherche est d'étudier comment l'origine sociale façonne les trajectoires professionnelles des jeunes en Argentine.

Dans cet article, nous adoptons une perspective longitudinale dans laquelle nous articulons un regard quantitatif – à partir des matrices de transition construites avec des microdonnées de l'Enquête permanente auprès des foyers (EPH) – et qualitatif du monde du travail. La combinaison des approches nous permet d'aller au-delà de l'analyse des transitions professionnelles à partir de données statistiques et d'analyser des itinéraires plus longs d’insertion des jeunes, ce qui permet de mettre en relation les facteurs structurels touchant les possibilités d'emploi et les significations et visions mises en jeu par les jeunes.
Entre perpétuation et rupture des transmissions entre générations : la dynamique des parcours d’entrée dans la vie adulte dans la ville de Cotonou au Bénin
Authors: Alladatin Judicaël
Published: April 2021

Ce travail de recherche vise à comparer les parcours d’entrée dans la vie adulte des individus issus de deux générations de Cotonois, marquées par des contextes socio‑économiques forts différents. Le « devenir adulte » est conçu comme étant un parcours jalonné de transitions et d’événements touchant principalement quatre types de trajectoires (trajectoire d’insertion professionnelle, trajectoire résidentielle, trajectoire de vie de couple et trajectoire de vie féconde) et dont l’aboutissement est de faire de l’individu un adulte, une fois la stabilité atteinte. Nos résultats révèlent l’existence au sein de chaque génération d’une diversité de parcours d'entrée dans la vie adulte. En comparaison avec les individus nés entre 1945 et 1960, on constate que chez les individus nés entre 1975 et 1990, on assiste à une tendance vers l’allongement des parcours d’entrée dans la vie adulte. On note qu'une relative majorité d'individus de la génération des aînés sont passés par une série de phases familiales, résidentielles et professionnelles ordonnées presque de la même manière. Cette tendance à la ritualisation s’atténue au niveau des individus de la génération des jeunes en laissant place à une pluralisation relative des parcours d'entrée dans la vie adulte.
Les jeunes face aux sociologues de la jeunesse : enjeux méthodologiques et éthiques liés aux visages des jeunes
Authors: Hamel Jacques
Published: April 2021

Sur la base d’enquêtes conduites sous l’égide de l’Observatoire Jeunes et Société, divers enjeux méthodologiques et éthiques seront envisagés dans le cadre de cet article. Après avoir montré qu’ils sont relatifs aux jeunes ciblés dans chaque cas – les étudiants différant par exemple des non‑diplômés, les jeunes situés d’un côté ou de l’autre de la fracture numérique ne pouvant pas être mis sur un même pied, etc. – différents problèmes et avatars surgis tant dans le recueil que dans l’analyse des données seront énumérés avant d’exposer les remèdes apportés sur le champ, avec force imagination méthodologique, pour pouvoir mener à bien les recherches au programme. On verra ici que les visages des jeunes se répercutent sur les moyens – voire les méthodes – mis en œuvre 1) pour les rejoindre, 2) pour leur démontrer la pertinence ou le bien-fondé des études conduites à leur sujet, 3) sur l’élan, pour les convaincre de collaborer, 4) pour les intéresser aux connaissances produites grâce à leur participation et 5) les persuader de la valeur réflexive de la « sociologie de la jeunesse » susceptible de leur faire connaître leur propre visage.
Gender and the Canadian Armed Forces: Does Change Mean Feminist Progress?
Authors: Eichler Maya
Published: April 2021

An introduction to the special issue Gender and the Canadian Armed Forces: Does Change Mean Feminist Progress? It situates the special issue within the significant gendered changes that have occurred within the Canadian Armed Forces over the past two decades. The introduction highlights the importance of continued feminist critique of, and engagement with, the military to achieve feminist progress.
Pemanfaatan Obat Tradisional Dengan Pertimbangan Manfaat Dan Keamanannya
Authors:   Program Study of Pharmacy Universitas Jember, Sari Lusia Oktora Ruma Kumala
Published: April 2021

Herbal medicines in general are safer than modern drug. This matter is caused by the less side effect of herbal medicines than modern drug. Side effects of herbal medicines can be reduced with the used of right materials, accurat dose, accurat usage time, accurat way of usage, accurat analyze information, and without abusing of herbal medicines itself. Accuracy of materials determine the effect of herbal medicines. Dose measuring in set of gram can lessen possibility the happening of effect which do not be expected. Information which is not supported by adequate basic knowledges and enough study can make traditional drug return to endangering.
Identification of human glucocorticoid response markers using integrated multi-omic analysis from a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Chantzichristos Dimitrios , Svensson Per-Arne , Garner Terence , Glad Camilla AM , Walker Brian R , Bergthorsdottir Ragnhildur , Ragnarsson Oskar , Trimpou Penelope , Stimson Roland H , Borresen Stina W , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Jansson Per-Anders , Skrtic Stanko , Stevens Adam , Johannsson Gudmundur
Published: April 2021

Background:

Glucocorticoids are among the most commonly prescribed drugs, but there is no biomarker that can quantify their action. The aim of the study was to identify and validate circulating biomarkers of glucocorticoid action.

Methods:

In a randomized, crossover, single-blind, discovery study, 10 subjects with primary adrenal insufficiency (and no other endocrinopathies) were admitted at the in-patient clinic and studied during physiological glucocorticoid exposure and withdrawal. A randomization plan before the first intervention was used. Besides mild physical and/or mental fatigue and salt craving, no serious adverse events were observed. The transcriptome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and adipose tissue, plasma miRNAomic, and serum metabolomics were compared between the interventions using integrated multi-omic analysis.

Results:

We identified a transcriptomic profile derived from two tissues and a multi-omic cluster, both predictive of glucocorticoid exposure. A microRNA (miR-122-5p) that was correlated with genes and metabolites regulated by glucocorticoid exposure was identified (p=0.009) and replicated in independent studies with varying glucocorticoid exposure (0.01 ≤ p≤0.05).

Conclusions:

We have generated results that construct the basis for successful discovery of biomarker(s) to measure effects of glucocorticoids, allowing strategies to individualize and optimize glucocorticoid therapy, and shedding light on disease etiology related to unphysiological glucocorticoid exposure, such as in cardiovascular disease and obesity.

Funding:

The Swedish Research Council (Grant 2015-02561 and 2019-01112); The Swedish federal government under the LUA/ALF agreement (Grant ALFGBG-719531); The Swedish Endocrinology Association; The Gothenburg Medical Society; Wellcome Trust; The Medical Research Council, UK; The Chief Scientist Office, UK; The Eva Madura’s Foundation; The Research Foundation of Copenhagen University Hospital; and The Danish Rheumatism Association.

Clinical trial number:

NCT02152553.
Impaired spatial learning and suppression of sharp wave ripples by cholinergic activation at the goal location
Authors: Jarzebowski Przemyslaw , Tang Clara S , Paulsen Ole , Hay Y Audrey
Published: April 2021

The hippocampus plays a central role in long-term memory formation, and different hippocampal network states are thought to have different functions in this process. These network states are controlled by neuromodulatory inputs, including the cholinergic input from the medial septum. Here, we used optogenetic stimulation of septal cholinergic neurons to understand how cholinergic activity affects different stages of spatial memory formation in a reward-based navigation task in mice. We found that optogenetic stimulation of septal cholinergic neurons (1) impaired memory formation when activated at goal location but not during navigation, (2) reduced sharp wave ripple (SWR) incidence at goal location, and (3) reduced SWR incidence and enhanced theta-gamma oscillations during sleep. These results underscore the importance of appropriate timing of cholinergic input in long-term memory formation, which might help explain the limited success of cholinesterase inhibitor drugs in treating memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease.
High social status males experience accelerated epigenetic aging in wild baboons
Authors: Anderson Jordan A , Johnston Rachel A , Lea Amanda J , Campos Fernando A , Voyles Tawni N , Akinyi Mercy Y , Alberts Susan C , Archie Elizabeth A , Tung Jenny
Published: April 2021

Aging, for virtually all life, is inescapable. However, within populations, biological aging rates vary. Understanding sources of variation in this process is central to understanding the biodemography of natural populations. We constructed a DNA methylation-based age predictor for an intensively studied wild baboon population in Kenya. Consistent with findings in humans, the resulting ‘epigenetic clock’ closely tracks chronological age, but individuals are predicted to be somewhat older or younger than their known ages. Surprisingly, these deviations are not explained by the strongest predictors of lifespan in this population, early adversity and social integration. Instead, they are best predicted by male dominance rank: high-ranking males are predicted to be older than their true ages, and epigenetic age tracks changes in rank over time. Our results argue that achieving high rank for male baboons – the best predictor of reproductive success – imposes costs consistent with a ‘live fast, die young’ life-history strategy.
A visual analytic approach for the identification of ICU patient subpopulations using ICD diagnostic codes
Authors: Alcaide Daniel , Aerts Jan
Published: April 2021

A large number of clinical concepts are categorized under standardized formats that ease the manipulation, understanding, analysis, and exchange of information. One of the most extended codifications is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) used for characterizing diagnoses and clinical procedures. With formatted ICD concepts, a patient profile can be described through a set of standardized and sorted attributes according to the relevance or chronology of events. This structured data is fundamental to quantify the similarity between patients and detect relevant clinical characteristics. Data visualization tools allow the representation and comprehension of data patterns, usually of a high dimensional nature, where only a partial picture can be projected. In this paper, we provide a visual analytics approach for the identification of homogeneous patient cohorts by combining custom distance metrics with a flexible dimensionality reduction technique. First we define a new metric to measure the similarity between diagnosis profiles through the concordance and relevance of events. Second we describe a variation of the Simplified Topological Abstraction of Data (STAD) dimensionality reduction technique to enhance the projection of signals preserving the global structure of data. The MIMIC-III clinical database is used for implementing the analysis into an interactive dashboard, providing a highly expressive environment for the exploration and comparison of patients groups with at least one identical diagnostic ICD code. The combination of the distance metric and STAD not only allows the identification of patterns but also provides a new layer of information to establish additional relationships between patient cohorts. The method and tool presented here add a valuable new approach for exploring heterogeneous patient populations. In addition, the distance metric described can be applied in other domains that employ ordered lists of categorical data.
Proteomic analysis reveals key proteins involved in ethylene-induced adventitious root development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Lyu Jian , Wu Yue , Jin Xin , Tang Zhongqi , Liao Weibiao , Dawuda Mohammed Mujitaba , Hu Linli , Xie Jianming , Yu Jihua , Calderón-Urrea Alejandro
Published: April 2021

The mechanisms involved in adventitious root formation reflect the adaptability of plants to the environment. Moreover, the rooting process is regulated by endogenous hormone signals. Ethylene, a signaling hormone molecule, has been shown to play an essential role in the process of root development. In the present study, in order to explore the relationship between the ethylene-induced adventitious rooting process and photosynthesis and energy metabolism, the iTRAQ technique and proteomic analysis were employed to ascertain the expression of different proteins that occur during adventitious rooting in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. Out of the 5,014 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), there were 115 identified DEPs, among which 24 were considered related to adventitious root development. Most of the identified proteins were related to carbon and energy metabolism, photosynthesis, transcription, translation and amino acid metabolism. Subsequently, we focused on S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMS) and ATP synthase subunit a (AtpA). Our findings suggest that the key enzyme, SAMS, upstream of ethylene synthesis, is directly involved in adventitious root development in cucumber. Meanwhile, AtpA may be positively correlated with photosynthetic capacity during adventitious root development. Moreover, endogenous ethylene synthesis, photosynthesis, carbon assimilation capacity, and energy material metabolism were enhanced by exogenous ethylene application during adventitious rooting. In conclusion, endogenous ethylene synthesis can be improved by exogenous ethylene additions to stimulate the induction and formation of adventitious roots. Moreover, photosynthesis and starch degradation were enhanced by ethylene treatment to provide more energy and carbon sources for the rooting process.
Extensive microbial diversity within the chicken gut microbiome revealed by metagenomics and culture
Authors: Gilroy Rachel , Ravi Anuradha , Getino Maria , Pursley Isabella , Horton Daniel L. , Alikhan Nabil-Fareed , Baker Dave , Gharbi Karim , Hall Neil , Watson Mick , Adriaenssens Evelien M. , Foster-Nyarko Ebenezer , Jarju Sheikh , Secka Arss , Antonio Martin , Oren Aharon , Chaudhuri Roy R. , La Ragione Roberto , Hildebrand Falk , Pallen Mark J.
Published: April 2021

Background

The chicken is the most abundant food animal in the world. However, despite its importance, the chicken gut microbiome remains largely undefined. Here, we exploit culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches to reveal extensive taxonomic diversity within this complex microbial community.

Results

We performed metagenomic sequencing of fifty chicken faecal samples from two breeds and analysed these, alongside all (n = 582) relevant publicly available chicken metagenomes, to cluster over 20 million non-redundant genes and to construct over 5,500 metagenome-assembled bacterial genomes. In addition, we recovered nearly 600 bacteriophage genomes. This represents the most comprehensive view of taxonomic diversity within the chicken gut microbiome to date, encompassing hundreds of novel candidate bacterial genera and species. To provide a stable, clear and memorable nomenclature for novel species, we devised a scalable combinatorial system for the creation of hundreds of well-formed Latin binomials. We cultured and genome-sequenced bacterial isolates from chicken faeces, documenting over forty novel species, together with three species from the genus Escherichia, including the newly named species Escherichia whittamii.

Conclusions

Our metagenomic and culture-based analyses provide new insights into the bacterial, archaeal and bacteriophage components of the chicken gut microbiome. The resulting datasets expand the known diversity of the chicken gut microbiome and provide a key resource for future high-resolution taxonomic and functional studies on the chicken gut microbiome.
The relationship between the female athlete triad and injury rates in collegiate female athletes
Authors: Edama Mutsuaki , Inaba Hiromi , Hoshino Fumi , Natsui Saya , Maruyama Sae , Omori Go
Published: April 2021

Background

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the triad risk assessment score and the sports injury rate in 116 female college athletes (average age, 19.8 ± 1.3 years) in seven sports at the national level of competition; 67 were teenagers, and 49 were in their 20s.

Methods

Those with menstrual deficiency for >3 months or <6 menses in 12 months were classified as amenorrheic athletes. Low energy availability was defined as adolescent athletes having a body weight <85% of ideal body weight, and for adult athletes in their 20s, a body mass index ≤17.5 kg/m2. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured on the heel of the right leg using an ultrasonic bone densitometer. Low BMD was defined as a BMD Z-score <−1.0. The total score for each athlete was calculated. The cumulative risk assessment was defined as follows: low risk (a total score of 0–1), moderate risk (2–5), and high risk (6). The injury survey recorded injuries referring to the injury survey items used by the International Olympic Committee.

Results

In swimming, significantly more athletes were in the low-risk category than in the moderate and high-risk categories (p = 0.004). In long-distance athletics, significantly more athletes were in the moderate-risk category than in the low and high-risk categories (p = 0.004). In the moderate and high-risk categories, significantly more athletes were in the injury group, whereas significantly more athletes in the low-risk category were in the non-injury group (p = 0.01). Significantly more athletes at moderate and high-risk categories had bone stress fractures and bursitis than athletes at low risk (p = 0.023).

Discussion

These results suggest that athletes with relative energy deficiency may have an increased injury risk.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study in Lambayeque, Peru. June–July 2020
Authors: Díaz-Vélez Cristian , Failoc-Rojas Virgilio E. , Valladares-Garrido Mario J. , Colchado Juan , Carrera-Acosta Lourdes , Becerra Mileny , Moreno Paico Dafne , Ocampo-Salazar Elgin Thom
Published: April 2021

Background

Estimating the cumulative prevalence of SARS-COV-2 will help to understand the epidemic, contagion, and immunity to COVID-19 in vulnerable populations. The objective is to determine the extent of infection in the general population and the cumulative incidence by age group.

Methods

It was carried out with a longitudinal analytical study, in the population of the Lambayeque region, located in the north of Peru. The selection was carried out in multistages (districts, area, household, and finally choosing the interviewee within the house). Seroprevalence was estimated as a positive result of the rapid test whether it was positive IgM or positive IgG. An adjustment was made for the sampling weights used.

Results

The seroprevalence found in the region was 29.5%. Young people between 21 and 50 years old presented the highest seroprevalence frequencies. A total of 25.4% were asymptomatic. The most frequent complaint was dysgeusia and dysosmia (85.3% and 83.6%). Dysosmia (PR = 1.69), chest pain (PR = 1.49), back pain (PR = 1.45), cough (PR = 1.44), fever (PR = 1.41), general malaise (PR = 1.27) were associated factors with the higher the frequency of seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2. Reporting of complete isolation at home decreased the frequency of positivity (PR = 0.80), however, reporting having ARI contact (PR = 1.60), having contact with a confirmed case (PR = 1.51), and going to market (PR = 1.26) increased the frequency of positivity for SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion

These results suggest that Lambayeque is the region with the highest seroprevalence in the world, well above Spain, the United States and similar to a study in India.
A EDUCAÇÃO FILOSÓFICA DE PROFESSORES DE QUÍMICA NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ / CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’S PHILOSOPHICAL EDUCATION IN THE STATE OF PARANÁ
Authors: Garcia Mariana Da Silva , Sousa Robson Simplicio de
Published: April 2021

Apresentamos um estudo acerca da formação filosófica em Licenciaturas em Química no Paraná. Fundamentados pela Filosofia da Educação em Ciências – integração da Filosofia, Filosofia da Educação e Filosofia da Ciência e em como estas influenciam a Educação em Ciências – investigamos Universidades e Institutos Federais e Universidades Estaduais e identificamos 27 cursos. 25 possuem algum componente curricular de interesse. Mapeamos os municípios do Paraná, instituições e componentes curriculares vinculados às filosofias. A maioria dos cursos superou o negligenciamento à Filosofia na formação de professores de Química. Vinculam-se à Filosofia da Ciência em detrimento à Filosofia e Filosofia da Educação. A última constitui como suporte de educadores para lidarem com crises educacionais e a Filosofia está vinculada à Epistemologia, Ética e Estética. Uma Filosofia da Educação em Ciências que lide com os conceitos apresentados e vinculados à Educação em Ciências pode reforçar a identidade docente em Ciências/Química.
REPRESENTAÇÕES DE GÊNERO NA ATIVIDADE CIENTÍFICA: UMA ANÁLISE EM FILMES DE FICÇÃO CIENTIFICA / GENDER REPRESENTATIONS IN SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY: AN ANALYSIS IN SCIENCE FICTION FILMS
Authors: Berk Amanda , Borges Rocha Marcelo
Published: April 2021

O distanciamento e dissociação do gênero feminino dos processos internos da Ciência têm sido foco de diversas pesquisas. Entendendo o potencial que o cinema tem para apresentar informações, inclusive científicas, para o público em geral, torna-se importante entender como a questão de gênero vem sendo retratada nestas obras. Assim, neste estudo foram selecionados 14 filmes de ficção científica com o objetivo de investigar as representações de gênero nas atividades cientificas. As categorias de analise foram elaboradas a priori e a posteriori da observação dos filmes. Foi possível constatar a predominância de uma ciência mista, onde homens e mulheres participam do processo de produção do conhecimento cientifico. Entretanto, a imagem feminina, em sua maioria, aparece como secundária e minoritária. Considera-se que os resultados deste estudo são relevantes no sentido de gerar reflexões e, possíveis desdobramentos para outras pesquisas que contribuam para problematizar a inserção do gênero feminino no fazer Ciência.
A UNIDADE IMAGINÁRIA: AS IMAGENS CONCEITUAIS EVOCADAS POR ALUNOS DE UM CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM CIÊNCIAS / IMAGINARY UNIT: THE CONCEPT IMAGE EVOKED BY STUDENTS OF A BACHELOR'S DEGREE IN SCIENCE
Authors: Pommer Wagner Marcelo
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar um levantamento da imagem conceitual de alunos de um curso de Licenciatura em Ciências com relação à unidade imaginária e verificar se e em medida esta imagem conceitual pode ser incrementada por meio de uma intervenção didática. A unidade imaginária é um obstáculo para a aprendizagem dos números complexos, o que demanda um levantamento da imagem conceitual evocada pelos alunos diante de atividades envolvendo os números complexos. Na parte metodológica foi elaborada e aplicada uma intervenção didática, adaptada a partir das três fases iniciais da Dialética Ferramenta-Objeto, de Douady (1986), a alunos de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo. Os resultados revelaram certo incremento na imagem conceitual dos alunos, promovida pela mudança do quadro aritmético para o quadro geométrico advindo pela aplicação da intervenção didática.
TEORIA DOS CAMPOS CONCEITUAIS: INTEGRANDO ARITMÉTICA, GEOMETRIA E ÁLGEBRA NO ENSINO DAS FRAÇÕES / CONCEPTUAL FIELDS THEORY: INTEGRATING ARITHMETIC, GEOMETRY AND ALGEBRA IN THE FRACTIONS TEACHING
Authors: Eisermann Jonatan Ismael , Schulz Julhane Alice Thomas , Fuchs Mariele Josiane
Published: April 2021

A presente pesquisa visa analisar as potencialidades de uma aprendizagem pautada na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, elaborada por Gérard Vergnaud, e desenvolvida através de uma sequência didática, envolvendo o conteúdo de Frações, a uma turma de 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental do Ensino Regular. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa ancorada na própria prática, por meio do desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso, e na bibliografia de renomados educadores matemáticos e pesquisadores da área. Nesse contexto, o pesquisador atuava como professor de matemática na turma em questão, focando-se na constante análise acerca da construção do conhecimento discente a partir de um ensino previamente planejado com vistas às diferentes representações e estruturas de frações. Os resultados evidenciaram uma aprendizagem significativa, na qual a relação dos conceitos construídos encaminhou a assimilação de novos saberes, oportunizando o desenvolvimento de diferentes habilidades.
TENDÊNCIAS DE PESQUISA SOBRE RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE QUÍMICA / RESEARCH TRENDS ON PROBLEM SOLVING IN CHEMISTRY TEACHER TRAINING
Authors: De Freitas Amanda Pereira , Campos Angela Fernandes
Published: April 2021

Esta investigação apresenta uma análise das tendências de pesquisas sobre resolução de problemas RP no âmbito da formação de professores de Química objetivando identificar e analisar as propostas de estudos que vêm sendo desenvolvidas nesta área e os aspectos teóricos e metodológicos utilizados nestes estudos. A natureza desta investigação foi qualitativa do tipo bibliográfica. Encontrou-se vinte e quatro pesquisas, as quais foram analisadas conforme alguns elementos da técnica da Análise de Conteúdo.  Como resultado, identificou-se uma escassez de pesquisas sobre RP na área de formação de professores no ensino de Química. Também, as pesquisas mostram a RP sendo utilizada como estratégia didática no contexto escolar; não há evidências da RP como projeto curricular.
Beyond Care: Validating a First Nations Mental Wellness Framework
Authors: Kyoon-Achan Grace , Ibrahim Naser , Eni Rachel , Phillips-Beck Wanda , Lavoie Josée , Kinew Kathi Avery , Katz Alan
Published: April 2021

Worldwide, Indigenous peoples focus on being well rather than merely managing diseases and illnesses. We have elaborated on a mental wellness framework earlier developed with Manitoba First Nations (FN). This article further explores wider community perspectives in relation to the themes previously shared by FN Elders. Surveys were administered to a simple random sample of participants by household in 8 participating FN communities. We determined what resonates from the wellness framework in order to expand understanding of mental wellness in FN communities. Appropriate application of traditional health knowledge and practices may result in increased self-awareness and contribute to mental well-being in FN people.
Statistical Quality Control Charts Based on Hyper-Geometrically Distributed Data
Authors: Usen John E. , Ikpan Okim I. , Santos Mfawa D. , Isaac Anthony A. , MacGeorge George C. , Ekpety Mmekutufon F.
Published: April 2021

In some production and administrative processes, the occurrence of certain events is best described by a hyper-geometric distribution, which in turn should be pictorially depicted by what should be called a “hyper-geometric chart (Hg-chart)” in the field of Statistical Quality Control (SQC). However, this has never been the practice, since the existence of such a chart is absent; as such, prompting administrators and process engineers to make use of already existing charts for approximately depicting hyper-geometric processes. In this article, an SQC chart for any hyper-geometric process has been developed for the total number of events in a fixed number of units. This chart has been referred to as the Hg-chart. The center line (CC), lower control limit (LCL) and the upper control limit (UCL) have been obtained for the proposed chart with a sketch of how the proposed chart should be if used for simulation. It has been recommended that simulation should be used to test the proposed chart as this could prove to be more efficient and appropriate for describing hyper-geometric data rather than using an inappropriate chart to be an approximation for solving the problem.
Participatory GIS (PGIS) Approach for the Development of Community-based Climate Smart Sustainable Agriculture Models in the Semiarid Regions of Southern India
Authors: Muralikrishnan L. , Manikandan N. , Kumar J. Prasanth Tej , Yumnam Anjoo , Seyie Azeze , Tomar Maharishi , Venkatesh P.
Published: April 2021

The climate change impacts primarily affect the developing country’s agriculture and natural resources which is highly vulnerable due to population pressure. Using Participatory GIS (PGIS) approach, first hand information on farmers needs, availability of resources, location specific problems and researchable issues were identified in Thattaparai village in Gudiyatham taluk of Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. In the present study, the Participatory Rural Appraisal tools like transect walk, agro-ecological mapping, social mapping, time trend, gender analysis, time line, livelihood analysis, seasonal calendar, technology mapping etc were employed to understand the farmers real need and problems of the study village. The Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) and Value Based Indicator (VBI) were calculated to find out the ranking of the problems in that village. Through analysis, it was found research gaps of water scarcity, increased atmospheric temperature, cropping system practices, heat waves causes extreme heat stress in crops and the extension gaps of poor awareness about water conservation and maintenance of water bodies, water harvesting process, crop insurance and weather forecasting and cultivation of less water consuming crops like sorghum, millets, pulses, oil seeds and value addition. The authors suggested solution to the identified problems of the village under study and also gave suggestion to formulate community- based climate smart sustainable agriculture model projects for inclusive development of the region.
Water Quality of Streams and Springs around a Municipal Landfill Surrounded by Intense Agricultural Activities in a Tropical Environment
Authors: Fonge B. A. , Nkoleka E. N. , Asong F. Z.
Published: April 2021

In Cameroon waste disposal by open dumping and landfilling are the most practised options. The siting, operation and after-care of landfills remain a challenging task. In this study we assessed water quality of stream, spring and leachate samples around/from the Mussaka landfill through physicochemical, heavy metal, microbial, phytoplankton, and benthic algae analyses. HCO3-, NH4-, NO3- concentrations are all above permissible limits EPA and WHO standards for freshwater systems. Concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in stream samples were far below standards but far greater (>480 mg/L) in spring and leachate samples. Nickel, lead and cadmium concentrations were above required standards. Contamination factors of all stream samples (CF<3) imply low to moderate contamination but pollution load index for spring sample (PLI>1) imply the spring is polluted. Generally, the obtained concentrations of most of these parameters were far higher for leachate than water samples. Total coliform counts ranged from 3.5 MPN/100mL to 1.1x103 MPN/100 mL. Five E. coli species were detected in all samples in counts ranging from 3.0x102 to 1.0x103CFU/mL. Thirty phytoplankton species belonging to 5 divisions were identified with Bacillariophyta (19 species) having the highest abundance and Euglenophyta (1 species) with least. Ten genera were identified as pollution indicator species. Results of this study justify the assertion that if upgrading options are not sought for the Mussaka landfill, it will become a major source of pollution of aquatic and soil ecosystems within the landfill area and downstream.
The Pattern of Psychoactive Substance Use among Undergraduates in the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Okechukwu C. , Abolo S. A. , Ogo R. N. , Okorie O. U.
Published: April 2021

Aim: This study set out to determine the extent of use, abuse and dependence of commonly abused psychoactive substances and their correlates among undergraduates in the University of Port Harcourt.

Methodology: In a cross-sectional survey, using multi-stage sampling, undergraduates in the Social sciences faculty of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria were selected. A semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO student drug survey proforma was used as an instrument for data collection. The results were analysed using EPI-info 2000 statistical package.

Results: There were 352 respondents with a mean age of 24.4 ± 3.5 years. There were 203 (57.7%) males and 149 (42.3%) females. A majority of respondents (90.6%) use at least one psychoactive substance while 22.2% of them abuse substances. The male sex predominated among the substance abusers with a M: F ratio of 2:1. The prevalence of current use for psychoactive substances ranged from 1.3% to 74.9%. Alcohol (74.9%), was the most commonly used psychoactive substances while heroin (1.3%), was the least used. Abuse rates were higher in cocaine, tobacco and cannabis (66.7%, 63.6% and 55.3% respectively) while dependency rates were higher in heroin, cannabis and cocaine (100.0%, 76.2% and 50.0% respectively). The top three reasons given for starting to use psychoactive substances were experimentation (23.1%), group conformity (23.1%) and curiosity (20.5%) while the reasons given for continuing to use/abuse these substances were to feel good (37.2%), relieve stress (20.0%) and avoid withdrawal symptoms (11.5%). The majority (70.5%) of psychoactive substance users started to use substances before enrolment into the university while more than half of the substance users (56.4%) admitted that being in the university did not increase their use of psychoactive substances. Adverse effects on productivity were noted in 60.3% of substance users.

Conclusion: The tendency to abuse substances may begin earlier in childhood and adolescent ages, with the male sex, more vulnerable. More efforts at public enlightenment on the detrimental effects of psychoactive substances should be strategically targeted to include the family unit, primary and secondary school children.
Serum Vitamine D3 Level in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Enab Riham M. , El Sokary Amal A. , Mourad Heba A. , Mahfouz Amal E.
Published: April 2021

Background: Vitamin D3 is synthesized in skin and sequentially metabolized in liver and kidney in humans. It is well known for its function in maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promoting bone mineralization. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate vitamin D3 level in pregnant women who were suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus and comparing it with the control groups.

Materials and Methods: This case control study was conducted on 100 pregnant women who were attending the inpatient and outpatient clinics of Obstetrics department, Tanta University Hospital, who were divided into two equal groups.Group A (control group): Fifty apparently healthy pregnant women at 24th-28th weeks of gestation. Group B (study group): Fifty pregnant women had gestational diabetes.

Results: There is significant increase between the two studied groups according to HbA1c, also there is decrease between the two groups as regards VIT D. Mean HbA1c % was statistically significant higher in the study group versus control group. There was statistical significant difference noted between mean serum level of vitamin D among the two studied groups. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between serum 25 OH vitamin D and HbA1c among our cases (r=- 0.745) (p ≤ 0.001). Mean serum vitamin D was significantly lower in cases with complications than those with normal outcome.

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may have a positive relationship with gestational diabetes mellitus.
iPSC screening for drug repurposing identifies anti‐RNA virus agents modulating host cell susceptibility
Authors: Imamura Keiko , Sakurai Yasuteru , Enami Takako , Shibukawa Ran , Nishi Yohei , Ohta Akira , Shu Tsugumine , Kawaguchi Jitsutaro , Okada Sayaka , Hoenen Thomas , Yasuda Jiro , Inoue Haruhisa
Published: April 2021

Human pathogenic RNA viruses are threats to public health because they are prone to escaping the human immune system through mutations of genomic RNA, thereby causing local outbreaks and global pandemics of emerging or re‐emerging viral diseases. While specific therapeutics and vaccines are being developed, a broad‐spectrum therapeutic agent for RNA viruses would be beneficial for targeting newly emerging and mutated RNA viruses. In this study, we conducted a screen of repurposed drugs using Sendai virus (an RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae), with human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to explore existing drugs that may present anti‐RNA viral activity. Selected hit compounds were evaluated for their efficacy against two important human pathogens: Ebola virus (EBOV) using Huh7 cells and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) using Vero E6 cells. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including raloxifene, exhibited antiviral activities against EBOV and SARS‐CoV‐2. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, also exhibited antiviral activities against SARS‐CoV‐2, and both raloxifene and pioglitazone presented a synergistic antiviral effect. Finally, we demonstrated that SERMs blocked entry steps of SARS‐CoV‐2 into host cells. These findings suggest that the identified FDA‐approved drugs can modulate host cell susceptibility against RNA viruses.
Elucidation of Diffusivity of Hydrogen Isotopes in Flexible MOFs by Quasi‐Elastic Neutron Scattering
Authors: Jung Minji , Park Jaewoo , Muhammad Raeesh , Kim Jin Yeong , Grzimek Veronika , Russina Margarita , Moon Hoi Ri , Park Jitae T. , Oh Hyunchul
Published: April 2021

Kinetic‐quantum‐sieving‐assisted H2:D2 separation in flexible porous materials is more effective than the currently used energy‐intensive cryogenic distillation and girdle‐sulfide processes for isotope separation. It is believed that material flexibility results in a pore‐breathing phenomenon under the influence of external stimuli, which helps in adjusting the pore size and gives rise to the optimum quantum‐sieving phenomenon at each stage of gas separation. However, only a few studies have investigated kinetic‐quantum‐sieving‐assisted isotope separation using flexible porous materials. In addition, no reports are available on the microscopic observation of isotopic molecular transportation during the separation process under dynamic transition. Here, the experimental observation of a significantly faster diffusion of deuterium than hydrogen in a flexible pore structure, even at high temperatures, through quasi‐elastic neutron scattering, is reported. Unlike rigid structures, the extracted diffusion dynamics of hydrogen isotopes within flexible frameworks show that the diffusion difference between the isotopes increases with an increase in temperature. Owing to this unique inverse trend, a new strategy is suggested for achieving higher operating temperatures for efficient isotope separation utilizing a flexible metal–organic framework system.
Effects of Natural Mentoring Relationships on College Students’ Mental Health: The Role of Emotion Regulation
Authors: Le Thomas P. , Hsu Ti , Raposa Elizabeth B.
Published: April 2021

The transition to college involves a number of novel stressors for young adults and represents a period of heightened risk for the onset or worsening of diverse mental health problems. The presence of natural mentors may be one factor which alleviates risk for mental health problems in college first‐year students. Using a diverse sample of 275 first‐year college students, the present study examined the effects of different types of natural mentors within students’ support networks on internalizing symptoms during the first semester of college. In addition, analyses explored whether different student approaches to emotion regulation were one mechanism by which natural mentors influence internalizing symptoms. Path analyses indicated that students with a greater number of close family member/family friend mentors reported less emotion suppression, which in turn accounted for the associations between these mentoring relationships and reduced depressive symptoms and worry at follow‐up. In contrast, less emotionally close mentors, such as teachers or coworkers, did not significantly shape emotion regulation strategies or internalizing symptom outcomes. Results have implications for the design of more targeted interventions that promote emotional well‐being in college first‐year students.
CBPR Implementation Framework for Community‐Academic Partnerships
Authors: Sánchez Victoria , Sanchez‐Youngman Shannon , Dickson Elizabeth , Burgess Ellen , Haozous Emily , Trickett Edison , Baker Elizabeth , Wallerstein Nina
Published: April 2021

The Engage for Equity (E2) study is an intervention trial for community–academic research partnerships that seeks to improve partnering practices and health equity outcomes by providing community and academic partners with tools to enhance and advance power sharing and health equity. Twenty‐five community/academic research teams completed a two‐day training intervention where they were introduced to the CBPR Conceptual Model and corresponding applied tools to their partnerships. We report on team interviews conducted immediately after the training, where teams discussed opportunities and challenges using the CBPR Model as an implementation framework as they considered their own contexts, their partnering processes/practices, actions, and their desired outcomes. We applied Diffusion of Innovation theory to guide data collection and analysis; augmented by intent to use and collective reflection. Results pointed to the flexibility of the CBPR model, concrete use of tools (e.g., planning/evaluation), and broader use in inspiring collective reflection to improve partnering practices and inform equity values. As an implementation framework, the CBPR model incorporates collaborative processes and strategies to mitigate power differentials into key phases of implementation studies, adding factors central to health equity work, not existing in previous implementation frameworks.
Enantio‐ und regiokonvergente, nickelkatalysierte C(sp3)‐C(sp3)‐Kreuzkupplung von allylischen Elektrophilen gelenkt durch eine Silylgruppe
Authors: Kranidiotis‐Hisatomi Nektarios , Yi Hong , Oestreich Martin
Published: April 2021

Es wird über eine zweistufige Sequenz zur enantio‐ und diastereoselektiven Synthese von nur alkylsubstituierten, acyclischen Allylsystemen mit einem Stereozentrum in Allylstellung berichtet. Die asymmetrische Induktion und die Ortsselektivität werden in einer enantio‐ und regiokonvergenten, nickelkatalysierten C(sp3)‐C(sp3)‐Kreuzkupplung von Regioisomerengemischen racemischer α‐/γ‐silylierter Allylhalogenide und primären Alkylzinkreagenzien kontrolliert. Die Silylgruppe lenkt die allylische Substitution hin zur Bildung des Vinylsilanregioisomers, und die dadurch entstandene C(sp2)‐Si‐Bindung dient als Anknüpfungspunkt für die Einführung verschiedener C(sp3)‐Substituenten in einem nachgeschalteten Schritt.
Molecular Surgery at Microporous MOF for Mesopore Generation and Renovation
Authors: Albolkany Mohamed K. , Liu Congyan , Wang Yang , Chen Chun‐Hui , Zhu Chaofeng , Chen Xihai , Liu Bo
Published: April 2021

Hierarchically porous MOFs (HP‐MOFs) present advantageous synergism of micro‐ and mesopore but challenging in synthetic control at molecular scale. Herein, we present the first example of reversible and controllable mesopore generation and renovation in a microporous MOF of HKUST‐1 via synthetic manipulation at molecular scale. An ammonia‐gas etching strategy is proposed to create mesopores in carboxylate‐based microporous MOFs and thus produce HP‐MOFs. Gas‐phase etching ensures uniform mesopore formation inside the MOF crystals via plane‐oriented cutting the carboxylate‐metal bonds off without affecting the crystal size and morphology. The mesopore size is controlled by the etching temperature, while the mesopore volume could be tuned by adjusting etchant pressure. The generated mesopores could be renovated using MOF precursors solutions so that to achieve controllable mesopore generation/closure, and encapsulation of the adsorbed molecules. This work demonstrates a powerful protocol for precisely tailoring and tuning the properties of MOF materials at molecular scale.
Enantio‐ and Regioconvergent Nickel‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−C(sp3) Cross‐Coupling of Allylic Electrophiles Steered by a Silyl Group
Authors: Kranidiotis‐Hisatomi Nektarios , Yi Hong , Oestreich Martin
Published: April 2021

A two‐step sequence for the enantio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of exclusively alkyl‐substituted acyclic allylic systems with a stereocenter in the allylic position is reported. The asymmetric induction and the site selectivity are controlled in an enantio‐ and regioconvergent nickel‐catalyzed C(sp3)−C(sp3) cross‐coupling of regioisomeric mixtures of racemic α‐/γ‐silylated allylic halides and primary alkylzinc reagents. The silyl group steers the allylic displacement towards the formation of the vinylsilane regioisomer, and the resulting C(sp2)−Si bond serves as a linchpin for the installation of various C(sp3) substituents in a subsequent step.
Extremely Low‐Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Entrain Locust Wingbeats
Authors: Shepherd Sebastian , Jackson Christopher W. , Sharkh Suleiman M. , Aonuma Hitoshi , Oliveira Eugenio E. , Newland Philip L.
Published: April 2021

Extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) have been shown to impact the behavior and physiology of insects. Recent studies have highlighted the need for more research to determine more specifically how they affect flying insects. Here, we ask how locust flight is affected by acute exposure to 50 Hz EMFs. We analyzed the flights of individual locusts tethered between a pair of copper wire coils generating EMFs of various frequency using high‐speed video recording. The mean wingbeat frequency of tethered locusts was 18.92 ± 0.27 Hz. We found that acute exposure to 50 Hz EMFs significantly increased absolute change in wingbeat frequency in a field strength‐dependent manner, with greater field strengths causing greater changes in wingbeat frequency. The effect of EMFs on wingbeat frequency depended on the initial wingbeat frequency of a locust, with locusts flying at a frequency lower than 20 Hz increasing their wingbeat frequency, while locusts flying with a wingbeat frequency higher than 20 Hz decreasing their wingbeat frequency. During the application of 50 Hz EMF, the wingbeat frequency was entrained to a 2:5 ratio (two wingbeat cycles to five EMF cycles) of the applied EMF. We then applied a range of ELF EMFs that were close to normal wingbeat frequency and found that locusts entrained to the exact frequency of the applied EMF. These results show that exposure to ELF EMFs lead to small but significant changes in wingbeat frequency in locusts. We discuss the biological implications of the coordination of insect flight in response to electromagnetic stimuli. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.