bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanically tenderized meat
Authors: Wrixon Kimberly , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , MacLeod Martin , McIntyre Lorraine
Published: September 2020

Background: In 2012, mechanically tenderized meat raised public health concern when an E.Coli 0157:H7 outbreak was linked to the tenderization process. It was discovered that the machinery pushed the E.Coli from the surface of contaminated meat products such as steaks and roasts, into the interior, where it was able to survive the cooking process. Concerns were raised by Lorraine McIntyre and the BCCDC about this issue, and their desire to improve their knowledge base in order to adequately assess the risk. Methods: Data was gathered via a survey conducted electronically and by telephone. Questions were asked to determine the proportion of retail establishments that use their own tenderizing equipment. Questions also asked about other industry practices such as current sanitization and labeling practices. Results: The results of this study were that 24% of surveyed establishments mechanically tenderize their meat products. Of these establishments, 33% have a label that states the meat has been tenderized mechanically and 17% provide cooking instructions on this label. An association was found between mechanically tenderizing meat and establishment type, which suggests that grocery stores are more likely to mechanically tenderize than other establishments, such as restaurants. On the other hand, no association was found between operator experience and their level of knowledge regarding the risks of mechanical tenderization. Conclusions: Overall, this study has demonstrated the likelihood is high that consumers purchase and consume beef that has been mechanically tenderized at the retail level. The results from this study can be used to aid public health officials in quantifying the risk of mechanical tenderization at a retail level and aid in the development and implementation of new legislation such as mandatory labeling of all mechanically tenderized meat.
Wi-Fi radiation levels at BCIT
Authors: Minhas Ketan , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , Sidhu Bobby
Published: September 2020

Objective: To determine if there are any difference in the amount of EMF Wi-Fi radiation being emitted between three locations at the BCIT campus in Burnaby, BC. Background: Wi-Fi radiation is widely being used in today’s society for the quick access it gives us to connect to the internet. Some cities in the United Kingdom have installed many Wi-Fi devices throughout the public domain so people can be connected all the time. Furthermore, most schools are being outfitted with routers to provide internet access for their students. But, as this paper will show, new research is forcing a shift in the thinking of some policy makers in choosing to install these connections in the public domain. Method: To measure the amount of non-ionizing EMF radiation being absorbed by the body, an Extech RF meter was used. This instrument provides instantaneous and average readings for a particular area one measures. During the experiment, the RF meter was held stationary at one location for approximately 10-15 seconds in order to stabilize the reading. The average value was taken as the instantaneous reading was fluctuating. This process was done in 3 buildings at BCIT and in order to increase the reliability and validity, 30 data points were collected from each building. Results: The Tests of Assumption showed that the data was not normally distributed as there was more than one “Reject” at the 0.05 probability level. For analysis, the Krukal-Wallis One-Way ANOVA was utilized and results showed that due to a high probability level of 0.57, the H0 could not be rejected and as a result there are no differences in radiation levels being emitted into the buildings tested. Conclusion: The amount of Wi-Fi radiation in the three buildings tested at BCIT were not significantly different from one another.
A comparison of Escherichia coli data collected in False Creek by Metro Vancouver and Fraser Riverkeeper
Authors: Wilcott Anastasia , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , Heacock Helen , McIntyre Lorraine
Published: September 2020

Background: False Creek is a small inlet centered within Vancouver, British Columbia. Its long and narrow shape facilitates the build-up of contaminants and limits dilution of fresh water. The lack of flushing coupled with sources of fecal contamination results in high levels of Escherichia coli particularly in the summer months. High levels of E. coli in recreational water pose a health hazard to the public. Two organizations Metro Vancouver and Fraser Riverkeeper monitored E. coli levels in False Creek over the 2018 summer season. Methods: Data collected by Metro Vancouver and Fraser Riverkeeper over the 2018 summer season was collected and compared. The secondary data was analyzed from July 8, 2018 to September 29, 2018 from thirty-day geometric means. Each organization sampled on a weekly basis in False Creek, Metro Vancouver sampled from twelve locations and Fraser Riverkeeper sampled from seven locations. Both organizations used similar methodologies in the collection of data with both analyzing for microbiological enumerations of most probable number [MPN] of E. coli per 100/mL samples. All sample sites were divided into three locations representative of False Creek: West, Central and East. The data was then analyzed in terms of overall weekly samples by organization, locational weekly samples by organization and locational weekly samples overall. Results: The data was analyzed using an Aspin Welch Unequal Variance T-test to compare the overall weekly E. coli counts between the organization. Where p = 0.000 and power = 1.00. An Equal Variance T-test was used to compare the locational weekly E. coli counts from the West, Central and East regions of each organization. This yielded a p = 0.000 where power = 1.00. A Kruskal Wallis One-Way ANOVA was used to compare the locational weekly E. coli counts from the West, Central and East regions. This found p = 0.000 and power = 1.00. A MANOVA was used as a reiteration to compare the weekly E. coli counts at each location (West, Central and East) when collected by each organization. This confirmed the same p-value and power results from the three previous tests. Conclusions: There is a statistically significant difference between the two organizations. Not only in overall samples but there is a statistically significant difference between the two organizations when E. coli is amalgamated by location. When accounting for location only, the East region obtained statistically higher E. coli counts as the mean E. coli count for West was 90.8, Central was 248 and East was 1040.
The presence of pesticide residue in farmer market produce
Authors: Zhou RuJun , BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health  , Chen Dale , Kuo Hsin
Published: September 2020

Background: Thiabendazole is a pesticide that is mainly used after harvesting and directly applied to produce such as citrus fruits, apples, pears, bananas, mangos, corn, carrots and potatoes in the form of a spray or dip. The most common and most likely route of exposure to pesticide for the average person is through their diet. Studies have shown that the health risk of regular consumption of pesticide residue through produce is linked with disruption to various functions in the body, such as reproductive, developmental and hormone irregularity. The following study tests whether fruits and vegetables sold at farmers markets contain Thiabendazole and if they are below the acceptable Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) set by Health Canada. Methods: A QuEChERS method and solid phase extraction was used to recover Thiabendazole from various fruits and vegetables. The gas chromatography was used to analyze all samples and a calibration curve was produced to identify the concentration of Thiabendazole. Results: Thiabendazole was detected in all of the citrus fruit samples, but was below detectable limits for all other fruits and vegetables. All Thiabendazole levels were below the Maximum Residue Level allowed by Health Canada. Conclusion: The various fruits and vegetables analyzed are all below the MRL, with only the citrus fruits having detectable concentrations. However, since the citrus fruits were imported, further studies are required on different pesticide compounds to determine if locally grown produce meet the MRL for other pesticide compounds.
Латын графикасына негізделген әліпби нұсқаларына лингвоәдістемелік талдау
Authors: Багиева Шынар Манаповна
Published: September 2020

Қазақ тілінің әліпбиін реформалау – күн тәртібіндегі басты мәселе екені белгілі. Соңғы үш жылда үш әліпби (диграфты, апострофты және акутты) нұсқасы ұсынылып, көпшілік талқысына түсті. Ғалымдар мен қалың бұқара үш нұсқаны да қолдамады. 2019 жылдың 21 қазанында Президент Қ.Тоқаев тіл мамандарына соңғы акутты нұсқаны жетілдіру туралы тапсырма берді. Президент тапсырмасын орындау мақсатында Ш.Шаяхметов атындағы «Тіл - Қазына» ұлттық ғылыми-практикалық орталығының тілші ғалымдардан құралған жұмыс тобы  жетілдірілген әліпби нұсқасын дайындады. Кейбір ғалымдар жетілдірілген нұсқадағы «и», «й», «у» дыбыстарының таңбалануымен келіспей, Ә.Жүнісбектің «Ұлттық әліпби» нұсқасын ұсынып, қарсы уәж білдірді. Біздің мақсатымыз – әліпби нұсқаларына (акутты, жетілдірілген, ұлттық) лингвистикалық, әдістемелік талдау жасап, артықшылықтары мен кемшіліктерін анықтау және оқытуға ыңғайлы нұсқаны көрсету. Ол үшін талдау, салыстыру, жалпылау әдістері қолданылды. Нәтижесінде үш әліпби ішінен жетілдірілген әліпби нұсқасының қазақ жазуын дамыту әлеуеті жоғары екені, сондай-ақ қазіргі жазарман мен оқырман үшін көп қиындық туғызбайтыны анықталды.Кілт сөздер: латын әліпбиі, қазақ жазуы, әдістеме.
The Automation of Course Scheduling in Higher Education Institutions: Mathematical methods and software products
Authors: Rustauletov Babur
Published: September 2020

The formation and management of schedules is repetitive and troublesome for any class, university and organization. Limited resources in terms of people, time and locations. Institutions needs solutions that will meet all of these constraints of scheduling. That system for scheduling should take in control the scheduling process which takes time by automatically allocating time slots for teaching and creating course schedule. And easily can be integrated with their systems without need to do some extra work like adding data for scheduling or exporting them, reducing the time spend on creating schedules and minimizing errors that made by people.Today, there are various types of systems and services designed to create schedules, reserve classrooms, assign classrooms for course teachers at specific times. The use of modern technologies, methods and models makes it easy to use open applications and services, as well as services at the local level. This paper presents the results of the analysis of systems. Their structures, algorithms, models, and also functional capabilities. The aim of this work is to determine the types of applications and systems, analysis of various options for the implementation of algorithms for the formation of schedules in educational institutions.Keywords:  Automation, scheduling, time-tables, university, constraints, algorithms
Continuous integration, delivery, and deployment for scientific workflows in Orlando Tools
Authors: Gorsky S.A.
Published: September 2020

The paper addresses issues of continuous integration in the development of scientific applications based on workflows (special case of distributed applied software packages) for heterogeneous computing environments. The preparation and carrying out of scientific computational experiments are often accompanied by intensive software modification. Thus, there is a need for the following stages: building, testing, debugging, and installation new versions of software in heterogeneous nodes of environment. These stages may take longer time overheads than computations themselves. The solution to this challenge lies in the use of tools for continuous integration of software. However, such tools require deep integration with the tools for the workflow development because of scientific workflow specifics. To this end, the paper describes the combination of the authors Orlando Tools framework for the development and use packages with the GitLab system that is widely used for continuous integration. Such combination significantly reduces the complexity of software continuous when developing and using packages.
Situational awareness for distributed mobile robot teams under limited communication
Authors: Kenzin M. , Bychkov I. , Maksimkin N.
Published: September 2020

A high level of team situational awareness is essential during complex, large-scale missions of autonomous mobile robots. When a situation appears that needs inter-agent interaction for cooperative decision-making, the basic understanding of the current conditions ought to be identical within the group. To achieve this requirement, all emergent information of acute importance must be promptly shared among team members. It is a non-trivial problem
for large-sized and distributed robotic teams, especially under hard communication constraints. The problem considered in this paper is to nd an ecient emergency broadcasting strategy for search and survey operations of the robotic groups providing the fastest way for any agent to aware the remaining team in case of any unexpected changes. A number of simple ruled-based heuristics is proposed to treat the problem. The comparison between the suggested approaches
is made regarding both the quality of the obtained solutions and the working speed.
Increasing reliability and fault tolerance of a secure distributed cloud storage
Authors: Kucherov N. , Babenko M. , Tchernykh A. , Kuchukov V. , Vashchenko I.
Published: September 2020

The work develops the architecture of a multi-cloud data storage system based on the principles of modular arithmetic. This modication of the data storage system allows increasing reliability of data storage and fault tolerance of the cloud system. To increase fault-tolerance, adaptive data redistribution between available servers is applied. This is possible thanks to the introduction of additional redundancy. This model allows you to restore stored data in case of failure of one or more cloud servers. It is shown how the proposed scheme will enable you to set up reliability, redundancy, and reduce overhead costs for data storage by adapting the parameters of the residual number system.
EVALUASI PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM MUATAN LOKAL SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI KOTA MEULABOH
Authors: Hafinda Tengku
Published: September 2020

This research was motivated by the fact that local content curriculum development in schools, was not yet optimal. This research aimed to evaluate local content curriculum development of elementary schools in Meulaboh. The main problem of this research was how the evaluation results of the development of local curriculum in Meulaboh Elementary School. This research was evaluated study using quantitative models. Evaluation is done by collecting information in the form of data component of curriculum development to then analyzed average percentage aspect by using descriptive analysis. The instruments used were questionnaires, and document observation sheets. The population consisted of 6 schools pilotting Curriculum 2013 and respondents consisted of 6 headmasters, and 19 teschers were chosen using purposive sampling technique. The results of the research indicate that: the condition of curriculum development categorized good category (59%). The results showed that over all components of the evaluation in the evaluation of each aspect of good category.
PERAN PENDIDIKAN DAYAH DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PEMUDA ACEH (STUDI KASUS DI ACEH TENGGARA)
Authors: Idris Muhammad Arif
Published: September 2020

In Aceh, the role of Dayah is very important considering its existence is supported by society especially in education.  Other problems arise when viewed from the socio-cultural context of society when faced with the diversity present in the midst of society, especially in the border area of ACEH. The existence of Dayah amid the diversity of society consisting of various tribes and religions is certainly a challenge for the existence of Dayah as an institution that provides the character of ACEH youth. This kind of condition happened in southeast Aceh. This article aims to see how the role of education in the form of youth character in Southeast Aceh. This study used a qualitative approach with the subject is the head of Dayah, the Council of Teachers, and the students in the Dayah. The Dayah is randomly selected. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. Then the data is analyzed by using data reduction measures, displays. The results of research show that Dayah in southeast Aceh has an important position in the midst of society. Its existence is supported by the government and community, and one of the districts that have the most Dayah in Aceh. The students graduated from the Dayah felt a difference before studying in the father after studying in the Dayah. In the development Dayah did not experience any meaningful obstacles.
KARAKTERISTIK KEPATUHAN MENGGUNAKAN KELAMBU BERISEKTISIDA TERHADAP KEJADIAN MALARIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS ELLY UYO
Authors: Niu Flora
Published: September 2020

Malaria adalah penyakit parasitic karena disebabkan oleh parasite yang dipindahkan dari seorang penderita keorang lain melalui gigitan nyamuk Anopheles yang telah terinfeksi oleh plasmodium.Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Lokasi penelitian di Puskesmas Elly uyo dan waktu penelitian dilakukan bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2018. Populasi sebanyak 265 ibu hamil dan sampel sebanyak 169 ibu hamil. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Instrument penelitian data menggunakan kuesioner. Ana;is data univariat. Dari hasil penelitian karateristik umur terdapat 5 (3,1&) responden hasil tersebut terdapat pada ibu hamil dengan umur 26 â€“ 36 tahun. Terdapat pendidikan SMA sebanyak 5 (3,1%) responden yang menderita malaria, terdapat ibu hamil yang tidak bekerja sebanyak 6 (3,7%) menderita malaria untuk kejadian malaria pada ibu hamil. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah karateristik umur, pendidikan dan pekerjaan adalah banyak responden yang tidak menderita malaria. Diharapkan dari hasil penelitian ini tetap perlu diberikan upaya promosi kesehatan tentang karakteristik kepatuhan menggunakan kelambu terhadap kejadian malaria pada ibu hamil, sehingga dapat menurunkan angka kematian ibu akibat penyakit malaria
Attenuation of the effects produced by the bending modes of a flexible launch vehicle using second order filters
Authors: Boglis Ioana-Carmen , Stoica Adrian M.
Published: September 2020

This article describes the application of an adaptive control algorithm for the atmospheric phase control of a launch vehicle. A dynamic model representing the pitch motion of the launch vehicle is introduced. As the bending modes can cause instability, the first threebending modes are modelled. A case study on design of the bending filters for a flexible launch vehicle using a model reference adaptive control is conducted to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Case study on the efficiency improvement of photovoltaic panels by cooling
Authors: Hudișteanu S. V. , Popovici C. G. , Verdeș M. , Ciocan V. , Țurcanu F.E.
Published: September 2020

The paper presents a numerical study of the operation of photovoltaic panels integrated in ventilated facades of the buildings. In these circumstances, the position of the panels is fixed all the time and the possibility of the raising of the conversion efficiency is analysed from the point of view of the operating temperature of the photovoltaic cells. The model and the functioning parameters are obtained using TRNSYS software. The solution proposed for cooling the panels consistsin using waterheat exchangers attached to the backside of the photovoltaic panel.
Importance of offshore wind farms Marmara Sea for Turkey’s renewable energy targets: a case study Marmara Sea
Authors: Karipoğlu Fatih
Published: September 2020

In Turkey, current energy generations are not sufficient for the existing energy needs and besides, energy demand is expected to increase by 4-6% percent annually until 2023. Therefore, the government aims to increase the ratio of renewable energy sources in total installed capacity to 30 percent by 2023. Turkey has three quarter seas around itself. So, Turkey has a high level offshore wind potential for energy generations. But there are not any offshore wind farms in Turkey seas. In this study, we aimed at assessing the viability of establishing offshore wind farms of Marmara Sea and to identify favorable sites for such farms using Geographical Information System (GIS) procedures and algorithms. GIS layers were created and a weighted overlay GIS model based on the above mentioned criteria was built to identify suitable sites for hosting a new offshore wind farm. Furthermore, EMODnet (the European Marine Observation and Data Network) and GWA (Global Wind Atlas) were employed for data acquisition to unlock fragmented and hidden marine data resources and to facilitate investment in sustainable coastal and offshore activities. Received technical, social and environmental data from different sources were processed in the GIS and we created the GIS-based model. Results showed that most of Marmara Sea offshore areas were unsuitable. There are only two suitable areas. It is apparent that the growth of offshore wind farms in Turkey will increase provided that the supporting mechanism and the necessary legislation are ensured.
Methodology of expert system building
Authors: Rahimova Ali Nazila , Abdullayev Hacimahmud Vugar
Published: September 2020

The object of scientific research is the methodology of construction of expert systems. In this article the main aspects and principles of expert systems. After that, the stages of development of expert systems are considered.
Otoimmün tiroid hastalıklarında CTLA-4 geninin in silico analizinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KIRKIK Duygu , KALKANLI Sevgi , ÇAĞILTAY Eylem , KALKANLİ Nevin
Published: September 2020

Giriş: CTLA-4 (sitotoksik T-lenfosit ilişkili antijen 4) geni, immünoglobulin gen süper ailesinin bir üyesidir ve T hücrelerine inhibe edici bir sinyal ileten proteini kodlamaktadır. Son günlerde immün kontrol noktası olan CTLA-4 geni araştırılan genler arasındadır. Bu çalışmada amaç; CTLA-4 geninde oluşan çeşitli polimorfizmlerin, CTLA-4 geni ile benzer genlerin Otoimmün Tiroid Hastalığı (OTH) patogenezine katkıda bulunabileceğini in silico olarak değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda CTLA-4 geni ile benzer genleri bulmak için GeneMania ve STRING veri tabanları, tek nükleotid polimorfizmlerini (SNP’leri) bulmak için Polyphen2, Exome Variant Server ve SIFT veritabanları, mikro RNA’ları tespit etmek için; miRDB ve miRWalk veritabanları kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmamızdan elde ettiğimiz verilere göre; FYN geninin OTH’nın patogenezine katkıda bulunabileceğini, CTLA-4 geniyle ilişkili (rs201778935, rs138279736, rs369567630 ve rs376038796) şüpheli SNP’lerin olduğunu tespit ettik. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda 31 miRNA’nın mesajcı RNA’ların protein üretmesini düzenleyici rol üstlendiğinden, terapötik açıdan önemli olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. Biyoinformatik yöntemlerle değerlendirdiğimiz bu çalışma, ilerde laboratuvar ortamında uygulanarak, birçok hastalığın patogenezinin aydınlatılmasına katkıda bulunabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.
Hipnoz ve bilimde kullanım alanları
Authors: TELLİ Ahmet
Published: September 2020

Hipnoz, kişinin farkındalığı korunarak iç deneyimlerine yöneldiği ve telkin kabul edebildiği bir durum olarak kabul edilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar hipnozun sinirsel korelasyonları hakkında kapsamlı bilgiler sunmakla birlikte hipnoz çalışmaları karmaşıktır. Bağlam, beklenti ve kişilik gibi birçok faktör, hipnotik yanıtı ve kullanılan önerileri etkilemektedir. Hipnoz günümüz tıp dünyasında aneljezi ve ağrı yönetimi, davanmış ve kaygı bozuklukları, cinsel işlev bozuklukları, diş hekimliği problemleri, bağımlılık vb. gibi durumlarda tedavi ve terapi amacıyla sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Hipnoz, güncel bilgiler rehberliğinde tıp, diş hekimliği ve ruh sağlığı profesyonellerinin tedavi ve terapilerde elini güçlendirebilecek çok değerli bir uygulama olarak kullanılmaktadır.
Factors influencing the performance of architects in construction projects
Authors: Marisa Amy , Yusof Nor'Aini
Published: September 2020

The construction industry has been accused of ineffectiveness and inefficiency because of delays, cost overruns and defects that are partly due to flaws in the design. As professionals responsible for design, architects should achieve optimum performance in the project delivery process. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the performance of architects in construction projects. This study employs a questionnaire survey for data collection and partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS–SEM) for data analysis. Using a census method, a total of 222 useable responses are gathered from registered architects in Indonesia. Results reveal significant and positive relationships between working condition, organisational support and effective design process and the performance of architects. The strongest effect is found from the influence of effective design process on the performance of architects. Thus, these factors should be applied to enhance the performance of architects, thereby improving the project outcome.
What have we missed when studying the impact of aerosols on surface ozone via changing photolysis rates?
Authors: Gao Jinhui , Li Ying , Zhu Bin , Hu Bo , Wang Lili , Bao Fangwen
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Previous studies have emphasized that the decrease in
photolysis rate at the surface induced by the light extinction of aerosols
could weaken ozone photochemistry and then reduce surface ozone. However,
quantitative studies have shown that weakened photochemistry leads to a much
greater reduction in the net chemical production of ozone, which does not
match the reduction in surface ozone. This suggests that in addition to
photochemistry, some other physical processes related to the variation of
ozone should also be considered. In this study, the Weather Research and
Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model coupled with the ozone source
apportionment method was applied to determine the mechanism of ozone
reduction induced by aerosols over central East China (CEC). Our results
showed that weakened ozone photochemistry led to a significant reduction in
ozone net chemical production, which occurred not only at the surface but
also within the lowest several hundred meters in the planetary boundary
layer (PBL). Meanwhile, a larger ozone gradient was formed in the vertical
direction, which led to the high concentrations of ozone aloft being
entrained by turbulence from the top of the PBL to the surface and partly
counteracting the reduction in surface ozone. In addition, contribution from
dry deposition was weakened due to the decrease in surface ozone
concentration. The reduction in the ozone's sink also slowed down the
rate of the decrease in surface ozone. Ozone in the upper layer of the
PBL was also reduced, which was induced by much ozone aloft being entrained
downward. Therefore, by affecting the photolysis rate, the impact of
aerosols was a reduction in ozone not only at the surface but also
throughout the entire PBL during the daytime over CEC in this study. The
ozone source apportionment results showed that 41.4 %–66.3 % of the
reduction in surface ozone came from local and adjacent source regions,
which suggested that the impact of aerosols on ozone from local and adjacent
regions was more significant than that from long-distance regions. The
results also suggested that while controlling the concentration of aerosols,
simultaneously controlling ozone precursors from local and adjacent source
regions is an effective way to suppress the increase in surface ozone over
CEC at present.
Quantifying the range of the dust direct radiative effect due to source mineralogy uncertainty
Authors: Li Longlei , Mahowald Natalie M. , Miller Ron L. , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Klose Martina , Hamilton Douglas S. , Gonçalves Ageitos Maria , Ginoux Paul , Balkanski Yves , Green Robert O. , Kalashnikova Olga , Kok Jasper F. , Obiso Vincenzo , Paynter David , Thompson David R.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The large uncertainty in mineral dust direct radiative effect (DRE) hinders projections of future climate change due to anthropogenic activity. Resolving modelled dust mineral-speciation allows for spatially and temporally varying refractive indices consistent with dust aerosol composition. Here, for the first time, we quantify the range in dust DRE at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) due to current uncertainties in the surface soil mineralogical content using a dust mineral-resolving climate model. We propagate observed uncertainties in soil mineral abundances from two soil mineralogy atlases along with the optical properties of each mineral into the DRE and compare the resultant range with other sources of uncertainty across six climate models. The shortwave DRE responses region-specifically to the dust burden depending on the mineral speciation and underlying shortwave surface albedo; positively when the regionally averaged annual surface albedo is larger than 0.28, and negatively otherwise. Among all minerals examined, the shortwave TOA DRE and single scattering albedo at the 0.44–0.63 µm band are most sensitive to the fractional contribution of iron oxides to the total dust composition. The global net (shortwave plus longwave) TOA DRE is estimated to be within −0.23 to +0.35 W m−2. Approximately 97 % of this range relates to uncertainty in the soil abundance of iron oxides. Representing iron-oxide with solely hematite optical properties leads to an overestimation of shortwave DRE by +0.1 W m−2 at the TOA, as goethite is not as absorbing as hematite in the shortwave spectrum range. Our study highlights the importance of iron oxides to the shortwave DRE: they have a disproportionally large impact on climate considering their small atmospheric mineral mass fractional burden (~2 %). An improved description of iron oxides, such as those planned in the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT), is thus essential for more accurate estimates of the dust DRE.
Measurements of atmospheric He/N2 as an indicator of fossil fuel extraction and stratospheric circulation
Authors: Birner Benjamin , Paplawsky William , Severinghaus Jeffrey , Keeling Ralph F.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The atmospheric He/N2 ratio is expected to be increasing due to the emission of He associated with fossil fuels and is expected to also vary in both space and time due to gravitational separation in the stratosphere. These signals may be useful indicators of fossil-fuel exploitation and variability in stratospheric circulation, but direct measurements of He/N2 ratio are lacking on all time scales. Here we present a high-precision custom inlet system for mass spectrometers that continuously stabilizes the flow of gas during sample-standard comparison and removes all non-noble gases from the gas stream, enabling unprecedented accuracy in measurement of relative changes in the 4He/N2 ratio. Repeat measurements of the same combination of high-pressure tanks using our inlet system achieves a reproducibility of ~ 10 per meg (i.e. 0.001 %) in 6–8 h analyses. This compares to interannual changes of He/N2 gravitational enrichment at ~ 35 km in the mid latitude stratosphere of order 300–400 per meg, and an annual tropospheric increase from human fossil fuel activity of less than ~ 30 per meg y−1 (bounded by previous work on helium isotopes). The gettering and flow-stabilizing inlet may also be used for the analysis of other noble gas isotopes and could resolve previously unobserved seasonal cycles in Kr/N2 and Xe/N2.
Error analyses of a multistatic meteor radar system to obtain a 3-dimensional spatial resolution distribution
Authors: Zhong Wei , Xue Xianghui , Yi Wen , Reid Iain M. , Chen Tingdi , Dou Xiankang
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In recent years, the concept of multistatic meteor radar systems has attracted the attention of the atmospheric radar community, focusing on the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Recently, there have been some notable experiments using multistatic meteor radar systems (Chau et al., 2019; Spargo et al., 2019; Stober and Chau, 2015; Stober et al., 2018). Good spatial resolution is vital for meteor radars because nearly all parameter inversion processes rely on the accurate location of the meteor trail reflecting points. It is timely then for a careful discussion focussed on the error distribution of multistatic meteor radar systems. In this study, we discuss the measurement errors that affect the spatial resolution and obtain the resolution distribution in 3-dimensional space for the first time. The spatial resolution distribution can both help design a multistatic meteor radar system and improve the performance of existing radar systems. Moreover, the spatial resolution distribution allows the accuracy of retrieved parameters such as the wind field to be determined.
Coupling framework (1.0) for the ice sheet model PISM (1.1.1) and the ocean model MOM5 (5.1.0) via the ice-shelf cavity module PICO
Authors: Kreuzer Moritz , Reese Ronja , Huiskamp Willem Nicholas , Petri Stefan , Albrecht Torsten , Feulner Georg , Winkelmann Ricarda
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The past and future evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is largely controlled by interactions between the ocean and floating ice shelves. To investigate these interactions, coupled ocean and ice sheet model configurations are required. Previous modelling studies have mostly relied on high resolution configurations, limiting these studies to individual glaciers or regions over short time scales of decades to a few centuries. We present a framework to couple the dynamic ice sheet model PISM with the global ocean general circulation model MOM5 via the ice-shelf cavity module PICO. Since ice-shelf cavities are not resolved by MOM5, but parameterized with the box model PICO, the framework allows the ice sheet and ocean model to be run at resolution of 16 km and 3 degree, respectively. This approach makes the coupled configuration a useful tool for the analysis of interactions between the entire Antarctic Ice Sheet and the Earth system over time spans on the order of centuries to millennia. In this study we describe the technical implementation of this coupling framework: sub-shelf melting in the ice sheet model is calculated by PICO from modeled ocean temperatures and salinities at the depth of the continental shelf and, vice versa, the resulting mass and energy fluxes from the melting at the ice-ocean interface are transferred to the ocean model. Mass and energy fluxes are shown to be conserved to machine precision across the considered model domains. The implementation is computationally efficient as it introduces only minimal overhead. The framework deals with heterogeneous spatial grid geometries, varying grid resolutions and time scales between the ice and ocean model in a generic way, and can thus be adopted to a wide range of model setups.
Multilayer-HySEA model validation for landslide generated tsunamis. Part II Granular slides
Authors: Macías Jorge , Escalante Cipriano , Castro Manuel J.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The overall objective of the present work is to benchmark the novel Multilayer-HySEA model using laboratory experiment data for landslide generated tsunamis. In particular, this second part of the work deals with granular slides, while the first part, in a companion paper, considers rigid slides. The experimental data used have been proposed by the US National Tsunami Hazard and Mitigation Program (NTHMP) and established for the NTHMP Landslide Benchmark Workshop, held in January 2017 at Galveston. Three of the seven benchmark problems proposed in that workshop dealt with tsunamis generated by rigid slides and are collected in the companion paper (Macías et al., 2020). Another three benchmarks considered tsunamis generated by granular slides. They are the subject of the present study. In order to reproduce the laboratory experiments dealing with granular slides, two models need to be coupled, one for the granular slide and a second one for the water dynamics. The coupled model used consists of a new and efficient hybrid finite volume/finite difference implementation on GPU architectures of a non-hydrostatic multilayer model coupled with a Savage-Hutter model. A brief description of model equations and the numerical scheme is included. The dispersive properties of the multilayer model can be found in the companion paper. Then, results for the three NTHMP benchmark problems dealing with tsunamis generated by granular slides are presented with a description of each benchmark problem.
Estimating statistical errors in retrievals of ice velocity and deformation parameters from satellite images and buoy arrays
Authors: Dierking Wolfgang , Stern Harry L. , Hutchings Jennifer K.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The objective of this note is to provide the background
and basic tools to estimate the statistical error of deformation parameters
that are calculated from displacement fields retrieved from synthetic
aperture radar (SAR) imagery or from location changes of position sensors in
an array. We focus here specifically on sea ice drift and deformation. In
the most general case, the uncertainties of divergence/convergence, shear,
vorticity, and total deformation are dependent on errors in coordinate
measurements, the size of the area and the time interval over which these
parameters are determined, as well as the velocity gradients within the boundary of
the area. If displacements are calculated from sequences of SAR images, a
tracking error also has to be considered. Timing errors in position readings
are usually very small and can be neglected. We give examples for magnitudes
of position and timing errors typical for buoys and SAR sensors, in the
latter case supplemented by magnitudes of the tracking error, and apply the
derived equations on geometric shapes frequently used for deriving
deformation from SAR images and buoy arrays. Our case studies show that the
size of the area and the time interval for calculating deformation
parameters have to be chosen within certain limits to make sure that the
uncertainties are smaller than the magnitude of deformation parameters.
Bayesian calibration of firn densification models
Authors: Verjans Vincent , Leeson Amber A. , Nemeth Christopher , Stevens C. Max , Kuipers Munneke Peter , Noël Brice , van Wessem Jan Melchior
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Firn densification modelling is key to understanding ice sheet mass balance,
ice sheet surface elevation change, and the age difference between ice and
the air in enclosed air bubbles. This has resulted in the development of
many firn models, all relying to a certain degree on parameter calibration
against observed data. We present a novel Bayesian calibration method for
these parameters and apply it to three existing firn models. Using an
extensive dataset of firn cores from Greenland and Antarctica, we reach
optimal parameter estimates applicable to both ice sheets. We then use these
to simulate firn density and evaluate against independent observations. Our
simulations show a significant decrease (24 % and 56 %) in observation–model
discrepancy for two models and a smaller increase (15 %) for the third. As
opposed to current methods, the Bayesian framework allows for robust
uncertainty analysis related to parameter values. Based on our results, we
review some inherent model assumptions and demonstrate how firn model choice
and uncertainties in parameter values cause spread in key model outputs.
Foundation Regulation in Our Age of Impact
Authors: Brakman Reiser Dana
Published: September 2020

Foundation Regulation in Our Age of Impact
The Five Percent Fig Leaf
Authors: Madoff Ray D.
Published: September 2020

The Five Percent Fig Leaf
Psychosocial Impacts of Covid 19 Pandemic in Zimbabwe
Authors: Pavari Never
Published: September 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has continued to cause socio-economic damages which will take a long time to recover from while there is no vaccine in sight. The impacts are affecting the social well-being of global citizens which triggers the need to investigate the psychosocial effects. In order to achieve and to provide the missing African context, the study was done in Zimbabwe. Due to lockdown restrictions, samples were obtained using online survey and social media platforms. Analysis was done to determine the effects, so far, of the virus on the general economy, psychological and social aspects as well as religious values of the citizens qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings indicated that economic loses were recorded at household, corporate and national levels. Indicators included increases in prices and exchange rate which eroded the buying power of local currency and increased the cost of basic commodities. Economic pressures, Covid-19 trends and restrictions imposed caused psychological damages which included fear, feeling of uncertainty and loss of hope. The study recommended increased awareness and psychological support to help the citizens to overcome mental displeasures. The study has potential to assist policy makers, health practitioners and development partners in developing strategies to eliminate Covid-19 related psychosocial pressures in Zimbabwe and globally.
A Cure for Disenchantment: Smaragdum Thalasses Temple, Havelock North, New Zealand
Authors: Worrad Timothy
Published: September 2020

Between 1912 and 1978, the Smaragdum Thalasses Temple of the Order of the Stella Matutina (an offshoot of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn) operated in Havelock North, New Zealand. Located beneath the heritage listed Whare Ra, or “House of the Sun,” this occult secret society studied and performed ceremonial magic for the purpose of spiritual enlightenment. This article explores the uncharacteristic longevity of the group, focusing on its timely arrival as an expression of the spiritual “third way,” its roots in a cultural movement called the Havelock Work, its unique temple space, and the supernatural contacts of its founders, Robert and Harriet Felkin. Analysis of primary source material drawn from private collections and independent publications sheds light on the little-known history of occultism in New Zealand.
INTERVENÇÃO DA ENFERMAGEM NA PREVENÇÃO DE QUEDA EM IDOSO: ESTUDO DE REVISÃO
Authors: Santos Bebiano Will dos , Baixinho Cristina Lavareda
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: identificar as intervenções de enfermagem que aumentam a segurança da casa do idoso e previnem a queda.Método: revisão integrativa da literatura orientada pela questão: ‘Que intervenções de enfermagem são adequadas à prevenção de queda no domicílio da pessoa idosa?’. Entre maio e junho de 2018 identificaram-se estudos na EBSCO, B-On, SCOPUS, ISI e JBI.Resultados: os 13 estudos recomendam intervenções que foram organizadas em cincocategorias: avaliação do risco ambiental; aconselhamento sobre modificações; adaptação do espaço e equipamentos; assessoria na aquisição de produtos de apoio; e estratégias cognitivocomportamentais que aumentam a segurança do idoso na utilização do espaço físico da casa.Conclusão: os achados desta revisão permitiram mapear as intervenções que podem ser introduzidas no domicílio do idoso para evitar a queda, a sua recorrência e as lesões associadas
How AI, Data Science and Technology Is Used to Fight the Pandemic COVID-19: Case Study in Saudi Arabia Environment
Authors: Sayed Esmat Mohamed Abdel Moniem el
Published: September 2020

Since the main report of coronavirus (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, it has spread to almost 100 different nations. As China started its reaction to the infection, it inclined toward its solid innovation division and explicitly man-made brainpower (AI), information science, and innovation to track and battle the pandemic while tech pioneers, including Alibaba, Baidu, Huawei and more quickened their organization's social insurance activities.This paper focuses on how technology assumed an enormous job in China's endeavors to contain the coronavirus episode and how the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia can use the same methodology and expertise of both China and Germany to avoid the continued spread of the virus. Besides, it clarifies the strong measures taken by The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to confront political, monetary, social and strict difficulties of COVID-19.
Well Log Petrophysical Analysis and Fluid Characterization of Reservoirs, Rio Del Rey Basin, Cameroon (West African Margin, Gulf of Guinea)
Authors: Kissaaka Joseph Bertrand Iboum , Moulaye Ahmed Salim Mopa , Kwetche Paul Gustave Fowe , Owono Francois Mvondo , Ntamak-Nida Marie Joseph
Published: September 2020

The quick-look and gas chromatography analyses were used for formation evaluation of four depth intervals in a well (well A) located within the offshore of the Rio Del Rey basin. The results show 3 water reservoirs (R1 to R3) and 1 hydrocarbon reservoir (R4). The quick-look reveals that the hydrocarbon (oil and gas) reservoir is a shaley sandstone or a radioactive sandstone located between 4898-4932 Mmd which is filled by oil and gas and with a good porosity. The chromatographic gas ratio analysis reveals that the hydrocarbon reservoir is filled by a productive gas which may be a wet gas. The result provided by the gas chromatography is a false result probably due to its limitation which is that the hydrocarbon component must exist at the gaseous phase (C1-C5) to be detected and analyzed. The gas chromatography based its analysis only in the C1 to C5 range, in oil we have from C1 to C8.
Confidence Interval for Change Point in Hazard Rate With Staggered Entry
Authors: Kim Dong-yun , Wu Yanhong
Published: September 2020

We consider the construction of a con?dence region (interval) for a change point in hazard rate of the patients survival distribution when the patients enter the trial at random times. We show that the local- likelihood ratio process converges weakly to a certain process and obtain the maximum distribution of the process which does not depend on the change point, and thus can be used to construct the confidence region for the change point. We also compare the limiting density function to the empirical density and discuss the empirical coverage probability of the confidence interval by simulation. Stanford Heart Transplant data are used for illustration.
Cyprus – meeting point for global and regional players
Authors: Majchút Ivan
Published: September 2020

The Cyprus Island, located in the Eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, is known for decades of conflict known as the “Cyprus conflict”. The resolution to the conflict is, first of all, influenced by the citizens of local communities. However, we should not forget about the external actors. First and foremost international organisations (UN, EU) and the significant world or regional countries (USA, Russia, Great Britain, Turkey, and Greece) are also significant and very active and efficient in this process. These countries have an important influence on activities in the Eastern Mediterranean and assert their interests in the mentioned region.