bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of low-dose ketamine versus lignocaine pre-treatment to prevent propofol injection pain and hemodynamic instability in adult elective surgical patients at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, 2022: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Gesso Ashenafi Seifu , Yuya Sherif Abdi , Fekede Mulualem Sitot , Delile Siryet Tesfaye , Asrat Ebise Belachew
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background

Propofol is the most commonly used general anesthesia induction agent. It has injection pain and hemodynamic changes as a major drawback. These side effects are clinically undesirable because they can cause agitation and hinder the smooth induction of anesthesia. Determining the best method to reduce this effect is paramount important. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of low dose ketamine versus lignocaine pre-treatment to prevent propofol injection pain and hemodynamic changes among study participants.

Methods

An institutional prospective cohort study was conducted on 82 (n1 = n2 = 41) adult elective surgical patients who took general anesthesia induction by propofol at our hospital from 01-Jan-2022 to30 Mar-2022. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. The pain was scored using a verbal rating scale and mean arterial pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation was recorded during induction using a questionnaire. An independent samples t-test or chi-square test were used as appropriate. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results

Two groups of 41 (LDK = low dose ketamine = Ld = Lignocaine = 41) patients were studied and the incidence of pain after pre-treatment with Low-dose ketamine (4.9%) group was significantly lower than lignocaine (22%) group (p = 0.023). The mean pain score after pre-treatment with low-dose ketamine group was significantly lower than the lignocaine group (p = 0.024). However, there was no statistically significant difference in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) between the groups.

Conclusion and recommendation

Pre-treatment with a low dose of ketamine significantly reduces the incidence of propofol injection pain. We recommend its routine use before propofol injection, and a multi-center more controlled study.

Highlights
The multiple dose pharmacokinetics of cilansetron in subjects with normal and impaired hepatic function
Authors: Pardue R. L. , Zipfel L. , Fritsch H. , Brennan J.
Published: August 2022

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2003) 73, P78–P78; doi:
Studying Daub
Authors: Pastor Quiles María
Published: August 2022

Research on hardened daub fragments provides highly relevant data on the building activities of past societies. Unfortunately, in many cases these elements are not considered relevant research objects, resulting in a very important loss of information for archaeology. There is still a long way to go in the studies of earth building remains, the vast majority of which have focused on assemblages coming from specific sites. Likewise, a good number of these studies carried out from a macroscopic approach either have not published the methodology used or barely offer some considerations about it. This article approaches the methodological procedures for their analysis through direct observation, while hoping to contribute to making these remains more visible and to facilitate and promote their study. This methodological proposal can be applicable to materials of different composition and from very different contexts, chronologies, and origins.
The Feasibility, Acceptability, and Efficacy of Positive Search Training for Irritable Youth: A Single-Case Experimental Design
Authors: Elvin Olivia M. , Modecki Kathryn L. , Waters Allison M.
Published: August 2022

Although irritability is common in youth, research on treatment is in its infancy. Threat biases are more pronounced in irritable compared to low irritable youth, similar to evidence found in anxious youth. Therefore, interventions targeting these biases may be promising for reducing irritability. This study utilised a multiple baseline case series design to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of positive search training (PST) for irritable children. Three children were included who met criteria for a principal diagnosis of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD), and a secondary diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). PST was feasible with two of the three participants; one child refused to continue after one session. For the two participants who completed PST, acceptability was stable with moderate-to-high ratings of engagement and enjoyment, and high and stable treatment-relevant verbalisations of the key strategies. Both cases showed declines in DMDD severity across treatment and no longer met criteria at post-treatment. Both participants met criteria for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) at post-treatment (considered less severe for irritability than DMDD). Declines in parent-reported irritability occurred for both cases, however some returns to baseline were observed. Overall, PST for irritable youth shows promise as an acceptable and feasible intervention. Further studies are needed combining PST with strategies for secondary diagnoses, given its high comorbidity with disruptive behaviour disorders.
Ethnic Mobilization and the Type of State Birth: Why Do Grievances Lead to Violent or Nonviolent Uprisings?
Authors: San-Akca Belgin
Published: August 2022

It has been more than five decades since Ted Robert Gurr asked the question, “Why Men Rebel” (1970), in the most popular scholarly work of political rebellion and protest. The subsequent research often focused on grievances as the main motivation behind collective mobilization (Collier and Hoeffler 1998; Fearon and Laitin 2003). Yet the questions of how and why grievances lead to group mobilization and violent or nonviolent conflict onset still attract much scholarly attention. Not all groups with grievances engage in violent and/or nonviolent mobilization. Some do. This is the puzzle Manuel Vogt addresses in this theoretically novel and empirically rich book. He focuses on the type of state birth, i.e. colonial settler or decolonized states, as the backbone of several causal paths from grievances to ethnic conflict onset.
Between Hard and Soft Power: British and Russian Youth on National Pride
Authors: Sorokina Anna , Kasamara Valeria , Maximenkova Marina
Published: August 2022

This study examines the collective memory of British and Russian youth. We used the results of a comparative survey conducted among Russian and British students. The study focuses primarily on pride in the collective memory of young people with the aim of analyzing the category of pride among young people across several dimensions. First, we look at the qualitative content of national pride: pride in the realization of tasks related to “soft power” (for example, culture, education, sports), and pride in manifestations of “hard power” (for example, pride in military victories or power politics). Second, we analyze the temporal localization of national pride: where are the main events, personalities, and phenomena study participants take pride in, both in the past and in the present. Third, an important element of understanding pride in a country is the relationship between pride and shame: what events are mentioned more often: shameful or pride-inspiring.
Grounded Nationalisms over Time, Territory, and the State
Authors: Jenne Erin K.
Published: August 2022

Grounded Nationalisms: A Sociological Analysis has become an instant classic in nationalism studies. In just over 300 pages, Siniša Malešević, one of the world’s leading nationalism scholars, has constructed a rich treatise on some of the central questions of our day: How should we think about nationalism? What is the future of nationalism? And what accounts for the ubiquity of national identities and national identification long after the so-called Age of Nationalism ended?
Stable Views in a Time of Tumult: Assessing Trends in US Public Opinion, 2007–20
Authors: Hopkins Daniel J.
Published: August 2022

The violent conclusion of Trump's 2017–21 presidency has produced sobering reassessments of American democracy. Elected officials' actions necessarily implicate public opinion, but to what extent did Trump's presidency and its anti-democratic efforts reflect shifts in public opinion in prior years? Were there attitudinal changes that served as early-warning signs? We answer those questions via a fifteen-wave, population-based panel spanning 2007 to 2020. Specifically, we track attitudes on system legitimacy and election fairness, assessments of Trump and other politicians, and open-ended explanations of vote choice and party perceptions. Across measures, there was little movement in public opinion foreshadowing Trump's norm-upending presidency, though levels of out-party animus were consistently high. Recent shifts in public opinion were thus not a primary engine of the Trump presidency's anti-democratic efforts or their violent culmination. Such stability suggests that understanding the precipitating causes of those efforts requires attention to other actors, including activists and elites.
WEAVING ELEMENTAL GARMENTS: PROCLUS ON CIRCE (COMMENTARY ON THE CRATYLUS§53, 22.8–9)
Authors: Domaradzki Mikolaj
Published: August 2022

In theCommentary on the Cratylus, Proclus puts forward an original but largely ignored interpretation of Circe as weaving life inτῷ τετραστοίχῳ. This paper argues thatτὸ τετράστοιχονrefers not to the four genera but to the four elements. Thus what the enchantress weaves are the elemental garments that weigh the soul down to the earthly realm of mortals.
Interspecific and intraspecific comparison of the isotopic niche of shrimps targets of fishing in south-eastern Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Keltony de Aquino , Braga Adriane Araújo , Di Beneditto Ana Paula Madeira
Published: August 2022

The study compares the isotopic niche (δ13C–δ15N) of three species of penaeid shrimps (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri,Artemesia longinarisandLitopenaeus schmitti) that are targets of fishing in south-eastern Brazil. The two hypotheses raised are based on the niche theory, in which the coexistence between organisms that have similar dietary demands is possible due to trophic partitioning: (i) shrimp species that share the habitat have segregated isotopic niches; and (ii) stages of maturity and genders vary with the trophic habitat (δ13C) and/or trophic position (δ15N). In multispecific fishing grounds, the isotopic niches of the shrimp species were segregated or had low overlap, indicating trophic partitioning. The intraspecific comparison of δ13C and δ15N showed a similar trend in all species. For δ13C, the values were more enriched in adult individuals than in juveniles, but similar between males and females. For δ15N, adult individuals also had more enriched values, and males were more enriched than females. The results confirm the hypotheses raised, and the assumptions of niche theory apply to these penaeid shrimps.
Analysis of trophectoderm markers in domestic cat blastocysts cultured without zona pellucida
Authors: Veraguas-Dávila Daniel , Saéz-Ruíz Darling , Álvarez María Consuelo , Saravia Fernando , Castro Fidel Ovidio , Rodríguez-Alvarez Lleretny
Published: August 2022

Domestic cat embryos generated byin vitrofertilization (IVF) and cultured without the zona pellucida have a reduced implantation capacity after embryo transfer at the blastocyst stage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of trophectoderm markers in domestic cat blastocysts cultured without the zona pellucida. Two experimental groups were selected: (1) domestic cat embryos generated by IVF and culturedin vitronormally (zona intact group, ZI); and (2) domestic cat embryos generated by IVF and culturedin vitrowithout a zona pellucida (zona-free group, ZF). In the ZF group, the zona pellucida of the presumptive zygote was removed and these were cultured using the well of the well (WOW) system.In vitroculture was carried out for 7 days. The cleavage, morula and blastocyst rates were estimated. Finally, the relative expression levels of the trophectoderm markersTEAD4,YAP1,CDX2andEOMES, the cell adhesion markerE-cadherinand the apoptosis markerCASP3were evaluated by RT-qPCR in the blastocysts. The Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate differences (P< 0.05). No differences were observed in the cleavage, morula and blastocyst rates between the ZF and ZI groups. No differences were found in the expression ofTEAD4,CDX2,E-cadherinandCASP3between groups. The expression ofYAP1andEOMESwas higher in ZF blastocysts than in ZI blastocysts. In conclusion, thein vitroculture without the zona pellucida generates an overexpression ofYAP1andEOMESin the domestic cat blastocysts. More studies are needed to confirm if this overexpression might affectin vivodevelopment.
The ballot or the bullet? Public awareness of grassroots elections and regime stability in China
Authors: Tzeng Wei-Feng
Published: August 2022

This study examines the attitudinal and behavioral consequences of holding local elections in China. Using survey data to test the propositions that elections do not alleviate pressure from society butreasonably make state–society conflict manageable for the Chinese Communist regime, evidence suggests that being aware of elections is negatively associated with citizens' involvement in collective activities that would destabilize the regime. Instead, the awareness of elections is positively correlated with people's willingness to use the institutionalized mechanism, letters and visits (shangfang), to solve their concerns. The findings imply that although elections may help buttress China's authoritarian rule, the survivability of the Chinese Communist Party is still dependent on whether existing institutions can function well in reducing public grievances.
The trilateral interactions between mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, the circadian clock, and psychiatric disorders: an emerging model
Authors: Singla Rubal , Mishra Abhishek , Cao Ruifeng
Published: August 2022

Circadian (~24 h) rhythms in physiology and behavior are evolutionarily conserved and found in almost all living organisms. The rhythms are endogenously driven by daily oscillatory activities of so-called “clock genes/proteins”, which are widely distributed throughout the mammalian brain. Mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a fundamental intracellular signal transduction cascade that controls important neuronal processes including neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, metabolism, and aging. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway is associated with psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and mood disorders (MD), in which patients often exhibit disrupted daily physiological rhythms and abnormal circadian gene expression in the brain. Recent work has found that the activities of mTOR signaling are temporally controlled by the circadian clock and exhibit robust circadian oscillations in multiple systems. In the meantime, mTOR signaling regulates fundamental properties of the central and peripheral circadian clocks, including period length, entrainment, and synchronization. Whereas the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, increasing clinical and preclinical evidence support significant crosstalk between mTOR signaling, the circadian clock, and psychiatric disorders. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the trilateral interactions and propose an “interaction triangle” model between mTOR signaling, the circadian clock, and psychiatric disorders (focusing on ASD and MD).
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to alcohols by modulating the molecular geometry and Cu coordination in bicentric copper complexes
Authors: Yang Baiyu , Chen Ling , Xue Songlin , Sun Hao , Feng Kun , Chen Yufeng , Zhang Xiang , Xiao Long , Qin Yongze , Zhong Jun , Deng Zhao , Jiao Yan , Peng Yang
Published: August 2022

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 into alcohols of high economic value offers a promising route to realize resourceful CO2 utilization. In this study, we choose three model bicentric copper complexes based on the expanded and fluorinated porphyrin structure, but different spatial and coordination geometry, to unravel their structure-property-performance correlation in catalyzing electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions. We show that the complexes with higher intramolecular tension and coordination asymmetry manifests a lower electrochemical stability and thus more active Cu centers, which can be reduced during electrolysis to form Cu clusters accompanied by partially-reduced or fragmented ligands. We demonstrate the hybrid structure of Cu cluster and partially reduced O-containing hexaphyrin ligand is highly potent in converting CO2 into alcohols, up to 32.5% ethanol and 18.3% n-propanol in Faradaic efficiencies that have been rarely reported. More importantly, we uncover an interplay between the inorganic and organic phases to synergistically produce alcohols, of which the intermediates are stabilized by a confined space to afford extra O-Cu bonding. This study underlines the exploitation of structure-dependent electrochemical property to steer the CO2 reduction pathway, as well as a potential generic tactic to target alcohol synthesis by constructing organic/inorganic Cu hybrids.
OXTRHigh stroma fibroblasts control the invasion pattern of oral squamous cell carcinoma via ERK5 signaling
Authors: Ding Liang , Fu Yong , Zhu Nisha , Zhao Mengxiang , Ding Zhuang , Zhang Xiaoxin , Song Yuxian , Jing Yue , Zhang Qian , Chen Sheng , Huang Xiaofeng , O’Reilly Lorraine A , Silke John , Hu Qingang , Ni Yanhong
Published: August 2022

The Pattern Of Invasion (POI) of tumor cells into adjacent normal tissues clinically predicts postoperative tumor metastasis/recurrence of early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but the mechanisms underlying the development of these subtypes remain unclear. Focusing on the highest score of POIs (Worst POI, WPOI) present within each tumor, we observe a disease progression-driven shift of WPOI towards the high-risk type 4/5, associated with a mesenchymal phenotype in advanced OSCC. WPOI 4-5-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFsWPOI4-5), characterized by high oxytocin receptor expression (OXTRHigh), contribute to local-regional metastasis. OXTRHighCAFs induce a desmoplastic stroma and CCL26 is required for the invasive phenotype of CCR3+tumors. Mechanistically, OXTR activates nuclear ERK5 transcription signaling via Gαq and CDC37 to maintain high levels of OXTR and CCL26. ERK5 ablation reprograms the pro-invasive phenotype of OXTRHighCAFs. Therefore, targeting ERK5 signaling in OXTRHighCAFs is a potential therapeutic strategy for OSCC patients with WPOI 4-5.
Single-cell transcriptome and translatome dual-omics reveals potential mechanisms of human oocyte maturation
Authors: Hu Wenqi , Zeng Haitao , Shi Yanan , Zhou Chuanchuan , Huang Jiana , Jia Lei , Xu Siqi , Feng Xiaoyu , Zeng Yanyan , Xiong Tuanlin , Huang Wenze , Sun Peng , Chang Yajie , Li Tingting , Fang Cong , Wu Keliang , Cai Lingbo , Ni Wuhua , Li Yan , Yang Zhiyong , Zhang Qiangfeng Cliff , Chian RiCheng , Chen Zijiang , Liang Xiaoyan , Kee Kehkooi
Published: August 2022

The combined use of transcriptome and translatome as indicators of gene expression profiles is usually more accurate than the use of transcriptomes alone, especially in cell types governed by translational regulation, such as mammalian oocytes. Here, we developed a dual-omics methodology that includes both transcriptome and translatome sequencing (T&T-seq) of single-cell oocyte samples, and we used it to characterize the transcriptomes and translatomes during mouse and human oocyte maturation. T&T-seq analysis revealed distinct translational expression patterns between mouse and human oocytes and delineated a sequential gene expression regulation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during human oocyte maturation. By these means, we also identified a functional role of OOSP2 inducing factor in human oocyte maturation, as human recombinant OOSP2 induced in vitro maturation of human oocytes, which was blocked by anti-OOSP2. Single-oocyte T&T-seq analyses further elucidated that OOSP2 induces specific signaling pathways, including small GTPases, through translational regulation.
The emerging role of drought as a regulator of dissolved organic carbon in boreal landscapes
Authors: Tiwari Tejshree , Sponseller Ryan A. , Laudon Hjalmar
Published: August 2022

One likely consequence of global climate change is an increased frequency and intensity of droughts at high latitudes. Here we use a 17-year record from 13 nested boreal streams to examine direct and lagged effects of summer drought on the quantity and quality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) inputs from catchment soils. Protracted periods of drought reduced DOC concentrations in all catchments but also led to large stream DOC pulses upon rewetting. Concurrent changes in DOC optical properties and chemical character suggest that seasonal drying and rewetting trigger soil processes that alter the forms of carbon supplied to streams. Contrary to expectations, clearest drought effects were observed in larger watersheds, whereas responses were most muted in smaller, peatland-dominated catchments. Collectively, our results indicate that summer drought causes a fundamental shift in the seasonal distribution of DOC concentrations and character, which together operate as primary controls over the ecological and biogeochemical functioning of northern aquatic ecosystems.
Smart low interfacial toughness coatings for on-demand de-icing without melting
Authors: Azimi Dijvejin Zahra , Jain Mandeep Chhajer , Kozak Ryan , Zarifi Mohammad H. , Golovin Kevin
Published: August 2022

Ice accretion causes problems in vital industries and has been addressed over the past decades with either passive or active de-icing systems. This work presents a smart, hybrid (passive and active) de-icing system through the combination of a low interfacial toughness coating, printed circuit board heaters, and an ice-detecting microwave sensor. The coating’s interfacial toughness with ice is found to be temperature dependent and can be modulated using the embedded heaters. Accordingly, de-icing is realized without melting the interface. The synergistic combination of the low interfacial toughness coating and periodic heaters results in a greater de-icing power density than a full-coverage heater system. The hybrid de-icing system also shows durability towards repeated icing/de-icing, mechanical abrasion, outdoor exposure, and chemical contamination. A non-contact planar microwave resonator sensor is additionally designed and implemented to precisely detect the presence or absence of water or ice on the surface while operating beneath the coating, further enhancing the system’s energy efficiency. Scalability of the smart coating is demonstrated using large (up to 1 m) iced interfaces. Overall, the smart hybrid system designed here offers a paradigm shift in de-icing that can efficiently render a surface ice-free without the need for energetically expensive interface melting.
Large contribution of fossil-derived components to aqueous secondary organic aerosols in China
Authors: Xu Buqing , Zhang Gan , Gustafsson Örjan , Kawamura Kimitaka , Li Jun , Andersson August , Bikkina Srinivas , Kunwar Bhagawati , Pokhrel Ambarish , Zhong Guangcai , Zhao Shizhen , Li Jing , Huang Chen , Cheng Zhineng , Zhu Sanyuan , Peng Pingan , Sheng Guoying
Published: August 2022

Incomplete understanding of the sources of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) leads to large uncertainty in both air quality management and in climate change assessment. Chemical reactions occurring in the atmospheric aqueous phase represent an important source of SOA mass, yet, the effects of anthropogenic emissions on the aqueous SOA (aqSOA) are not well constrained. Here we use compound-specific dual-carbon isotopic fingerprints (δ13C and Δ14C) of dominant aqSOA molecules, such as oxalic acid, to track the precursor sources and formation mechanisms of aqSOA. Substantial stable carbon isotope fractionation of aqSOA molecules provides robust evidence for extensive aqueous-phase processing. Contrary to the paradigm that these aqSOA compounds are largely biogenic, radiocarbon-based source apportionments show that fossil precursors produced over one-half of the aqSOA molecules. Large fractions of fossil-derived aqSOA contribute substantially to the total water-soluble organic aerosol load and hence impact projections of both air quality and anthropogenic radiative forcing. Our findings reveal the importance of fossil emissions for aqSOA with effects on climate and air quality.
The importance and mitigation of mycotoxins and plant toxins in Southeast Asian fermented foods
Authors: Owolabi Iyiola O. , Kolawole Oluwatobi , Jantarabut Phantakan , Elliott Christopher T. , Petchkongkaew Awanwee
Published: August 2022

Fermented foods (ffs) and beverages are widely consumed in Southeast Asia (SEA) for their nutritional balance, flavor, and food security. They serve as vehicles for beneficial microorganisms performing a significant role in human health. However, there are still major challenges concerning the safety of ffs and beverages due to the presence of natural toxins. In this review, the common toxins found in traditional ffs in SEA are discussed with special reference to mycotoxins and plant toxins. Also, mitigation measures for preventing risks associated with their consumption are outlined. Ochratoxin, citrinin, aflatoxins were reported to be major mycotoxins present in SEA ffs. In addition, soybean-based ff food products were more vulnerable to mycotoxin contaminations. Common plant toxins recorded in ffs include cyanogenic glycosides, oxalates, phytates and saponins. Combined management strategies such as pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest control and decontamination, through the integration of different control methods such as the use of clean seeds, biological control methods, fermentation, appropriate packaging systems, and controlled processing conditions are needed for the safe consumption of indigenous ffs in SEA.
African-specific molecular taxonomy of prostate cancer
Authors: Jaratlerdsiri Weerachai , Jiang Jue , Gong Tingting , Patrick Sean M. , Willet Cali , Chew Tracy , Lyons Ruth J. , Haynes Anne-Maree , Pasqualim Gabriela , Louw Melanie , Kench James G. , Campbell Raymond , Horvath Lisa G. , Chan Eva K. F. , Wedge David C. , Sadsad Rosemarie , Brum Ilma Simoni , Mutambirwa Shingai B. A. , Stricker Phillip D. , Bornman M. S. Riana , Hayes Vanessa M.
Published: August 2022

Prostate cancer is characterized by considerable geo-ethnic disparity. African ancestry is a significant risk factor, with mortality rates across sub-Saharan Africa of 2.7-fold higher than global averages1. The contributing genetic and non-genetic factors, and associated mutational processes, are unknown2,3. Here, through whole-genome sequencing of treatment-naive prostate cancer samples from 183 ancestrally (African versus European) and globally distinct patients, we generate a large cancer genomics resource for sub-Saharan Africa, identifying around 2 million somatic variants. Significant African-ancestry-specific findings include an elevated tumour mutational burden, increased percentage of genome alteration, a greater number of predicted damaging mutations and a higher total of mutational signatures, and the driver genes NCOA2, STK19, DDX11L1, PCAT1 and SETBP1. Examining all somatic mutational types, we describe a molecular taxonomy for prostate cancer differentiated by ancestry and defined as global mutational subtypes (GMS). By further including Chinese Asian data, we confirm that GMS-B (copy-number gain) and GMS-D (mutationally noisy) are specific to African populations, GMS-A (mutationally quiet) is universal (all ethnicities) and the African–European-restricted subtype GMS-C (copy-number losses) predicts poor clinical outcomes. In addition to the clinical benefit of including individuals of African ancestry, our GMS subtypes reveal different evolutionary trajectories and mutational processes suggesting that both common genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disparity between ethnicities. Analogous to gene–environment interaction—defined here as a different effect of an environmental surrounding in people with different ancestries or vice versa—we anticipate that GMS subtypes act as a proxy for intrinsic and extrinsic mutational processes in cancers, promoting global inclusion in landmark studies.
Mapping the association between tau-PET and Aβ-amyloid-PET using deep learning
Authors: Ruwanpathirana Gihan P. , Williams Robert C. , Masters Colin L. , Rowe Christopher C. , Johnston Leigh A. , Davey Catherine E.
Published: August 2022

In Alzheimer’s disease, the molecular pathogenesis of the extracellular Aβ-amyloid (Aβ) instigation of intracellular tau accumulation is poorly understood. We employed a high-resolution PET scanner, with low detection thresholds, to examine the Aβ-tau association using a convolutional neural network (CNN), and compared results to a standard voxel-wise linear analysis. The full range of Aβ Centiloid values was highly predicted by the tau topography using the CNN (training R2 = 0.86, validation R2 = 0.75, testing R2 = 0.72). Linear models based on tau-SUVR identified widespread positive correlations between tau accumulation and Aβ burden throughout the brain. In contrast, CNN analysis identified focal clusters in the bilateral medial temporal lobes, frontal lobes, precuneus, postcentral gyrus and middle cingulate. At low Aβ levels, information from the middle cingulate, frontal lobe and precuneus regions was more predictive of Aβ burden, while at high Aβ levels, the medial temporal regions were more predictive of Aβ burden. The data-driven CNN approach revealed new associations between tau topography and Aβ burden.
A retrospective observational study analyzing work and study motivation based on the work environment of 15,677 Japanese clinicians in 2016
Authors: Shimazu Yuzo , Kobashi Yurie , Imoto Seiya , Tsubokura Masaharu
Published: August 2022

Physicians play an active role in public health. However, there is a limit to the knowledge and experience that can be gained through hospital work alone. This was a secondary data analysis from 100,000 doctors in Japan (15,677 respondents). The results of the analysis showed that 898 (8.4%) male and 190 (6.0%) female doctors worked 60 h or more in a week. The percentage of physicians whose spouse was a physician was found to be 31.4% (male) and 61.7% (female) (p < 0.001), and the rate of full-time working clinicians was 85.7% (male) and 30.0% (female) (p < 0.001). In the univariate analysis, female’s working hours were affected by childbirth and childcare experience (p < 0.001, 95% CI − 10.3 to − 8.4, with “none” as reference) and specialty certification (p < 0.001, 95% CI − 3.5 to − 1.4, with “none” as reference). In the multivariate analysis, physician’s working hours were associated with sex (coefficient, − 7.4; 95% CI − 8.3 to − 6.5, with “male as reference), childbirth/childcare (coefficient, − 2.2; 95% CI − 2.9 to − 1.4, with “possession” as reference), and specialty qualification (coefficient − 4.0, 95% CI − 5.0 to − 3.0, with “possession” as reference). To summarize the results of the analysis, work/study motivation of physicians will be facilitated by ensuring adequate learning opportunities and by developing support systems and environments.
Environment-specificity and universality of the microbial growth law
Authors: Wang Qirun , Lin Jie
Published: August 2022

As the nutrient quality changes, the fractions of ribosomal proteins in the proteome are usually positively correlated with the growth rates due to the auto-catalytic nature of ribosomes. While this growth law is observed across multiple organisms, the relation between the ribosome fraction and growth rate is often more complex than linear, beyond models assuming a constant translation speed. Here, we propose a general framework of protein synthesis considering heterogeneous translation speeds and protein degradations. We demonstrate that the growth law curves are generally environment-specific, e.g., depending on the correlation between the translation speeds and ribosome allocations among proteins. Our predictions of ribosome fractions agree quantitatively with data of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interestingly, we find that the growth law curve of Escherichia coli nevertheless appears universal, which we prove must exhibit an upward bending in slow-growth conditions, in agreement with experiments. Our work provides insights on the connection between the heterogeneity among genes and the environment-specificity of cell behaviors.
Improved seasonal prediction of harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie using large-scale climate indices
Authors: Tewari Mukul , Kishtawal Chandra M. , Moriarty Vincent W. , Ray Pallav , Singh Tarkeshwar , Zhang Lei , Treinish Lloyd , Tewari Kushagra
Published: August 2022

Harmful Algal Blooms lead to multi-billion-dollar losses in the United States due to shellfish closures, fish mortalities, and reluctance to consume seafood. Therefore, an improved early seasonal prediction of harmful algal blooms severity is important. Conventional methods for harmful algal blooms prediction using nutrient loading as the primary driver have been found to be less accurate during extreme bloom years. Here we show that a machine learning approach using observed nutrient loading, and large-scale climate indices can improve the harmful algal blooms prediction in Lake Erie. Moreover, the seasonal prediction of harmful algal blooms can be completed by early June, before the expected peak in harmful algal bloom activity from July to October. This improved early seasonal prediction can provide timely information to policymakers for adopting proper planning and mitigation strategies such as restrictions in harvesting and help in monitoring toxins in shellfish to keep contaminated products off the market.
Thick and old sea ice in the Beaufort Sea during summer 2020/21 was associated with enhanced transport
Authors: Moore G.W.K. , Steele Michael , Schweiger Axel J. , Zhang Jinlun , Laidre Kristin L.
Published: August 2022

The Arctic Ocean has seen a remarkable reduction in sea ice coverage, thickness and age since the 1980s. These changes are most pronounced in the Beaufort Sea, with a transition around 2007 from a regime dominated by multi-year sea ice to one with large expanses of open water during the summer. Using satellite-based observations of sea ice, an atmospheric reanalysis and a coupled ice-ocean model, we show that during the summers of 2020 and 2021, the Beaufort Sea hosted anomalously large concentrations of thick and old ice. We show that ice advection contributed to these anomalies, with 2020 dominated by eastward transport from the Chukchi Sea, and 2021 dominated by transport from the Last Ice Area to the north of Canada and Greenland. Since 2007, cool season (fall, winter, and spring) ice volume transport into the Beaufort Sea accounts for ~45% of the variability in early summer ice volume—a threefold increase from that associated with conditions prior to 2007. This variability is likely to impact marine infrastructure and ecosystems.
Effect of local pH change on non-PGM catalysts – a potential-dependent mechanistic analysis of the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Anjana J. , Muthukrishnan Azhagumuthu
Published: August 2022

The potential-dependent mechanistic transformation of the oxygen reduction reaction originates from the local pH change.
Olefin metathesis in confined spaces: the encapsulation of Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst in peanut, square, and capsule shaped hollow silica gels
Authors: Aşkun Mina , Sagdic Kutay , Inci Fatih , Öztürk Bengi Özgün
Published: August 2022

Reusable in RCM reactions up to 10th turn. Catalysts be stored under air atmosphere up to 6 months without any significant activity loss. High performance in ethenolysis of fatty acid methyl esters at atmospheric ethylene pressure.
Evidence of water dissociation and hydrogenation on molybdenum carbide nanocatalyst for hydroprocessing reactions
Authors: Ahmadi Khoshooei Milad , Vitale Gerardo , Carbognani Lante , Pereira-Almao Pedro
Published: August 2022

The cubic molybdenum carbide catalyst showed great activity and stability for water dissociation and hydrogenation in hydroprocessing reactions. Isotopic labelling of hydrogen and oxygen atoms allowed explicit verification of water dissociation.
Highly efficient CO-assisted conversion of methane to acetic acid over Rh-encapsulated MFI zeolite prepared using RhCl3 molten salt
Authors: Oda Akira , Horie Mizuki , Murata Naoya , Sawabe Kyoichi , Satsuma Atsushi
Published: August 2022

A highly active Rh-MFI zeolite was successfully prepared using RhCl3 molten salts toward a direct conversion reaction of methane to acetic acid, and the importance of in situ generated RhI single-atom sites in the catalysis was clarified.
Modulation of the structural information in shape-defined heterocyclic strands: the case of a (pyridine-hydrazone)2pyrazine ligand
Authors: Thangavel Muthu Kumar , Harrowfield Jack , Bailly Corinne , Karmazin Lydia , Stadler Adrian-Mihail
Published: August 2022

Metal ions (Ag+, Cd2+, Eu3+, Sm3+) and protons modulate the structural information of a pyrazine-based ligand, thus generating linear and bent conformations, associated to diprotonated forms, a polymeric architecture, rack-like complexes and a grid.
Over 17% efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells based on an organic molecular donor employing a 2D side chain symmetry breaking strategy
Authors: Li Zhiya , Wang Xunchang , Zheng Nan , Saparbaev Aziz , Zhang Jiayi , Xiao Cong , Lei Shiyun , Zheng Xufan , Zhang Manxue , Li Yuda , Xiao Biao , Yang Renqiang
Published: August 2022

The 2D asymmetric side chain strategyviamodification with different halogens can optimize the morphology, improve the molecular interaction and control the photophysical properties, promoting an outstanding PCE of 17.0% in binary ASM-OSCs.
Wastewater surveillance using ddPCR accurately tracked Omicron emergence due to altered N1 probe binding efficiency
Authors: Schussman Melissa K. , Roguet Adélaïde , Schmoldt Angela , Dinan Brooke , McLellan Sandra L.
Published: August 2022

Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 uses droplet digital (dd)PCR for absolute quantification and high sensitivity. We found ddPCR can also distinguish and accurately quantify Delta and Omicron variants due to a mutation in the probe binding site.
Editorial: Themed issue on data-intensive water systems management and operation
Authors: Kerkez Branko , Villez Kris , Volcke Eveline I. P.
Published: August 2022

Branko Kerkez, Kris Villez and Eveline I. P. Volcke introduce the Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology themed issue on data-intensive water systems management and operation.
Vapor-phase hydrothermal construction of defective MoS2 for highly selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Wu Tianxing , Han Miaomiao
Published: August 2022

Defective MoS2/CFC as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde with water as the hydrogen donor.
Vis-to-NIR electrochromism and bright-to-dark electrofluorochromism in a triazine and thiophene-based three-dimensional covalent polymer
Authors: Halder Sayan , Gupta Neelam , Behere Ravi Prakash , Kuila Biplab Kumar , Chakraborty Chanchal
Published: August 2022

Two triazine and substituted thiophene-based donor–acceptor covalent polymeric frameworks are developed to exhibit the Vis-to-NIR electrochromism and bluish-green-to-quenched electrofluorochromism, simultaneously in a +1.8 to −0.9 V potential range.
Heat triggered molecular restructuring results in triple gel–gel–gel transformations in a Li+-integrated metallogel
Authors: Mukherjee Moupia , Dixit Manish Kumar , Kumar Yeeshu , Kalam Abul , Dubey Mrigendra
Published: August 2022

Herein, we synthesized a metallogel (1% w/v) which displayed a triple phase as well as morphological transformation under different temperature scales.
Self-assembly, alignment, and patterning of metal nanowires
Authors: Chen Ying , Liang Tianwei , Chen Lei , Chen Yaofei , Yang Bo-Ru , Luo Yunhan , Liu Gui-Shi
Published: August 2022

This paper presents an all-inclusive review of assembly strategies of MNWs, discusses the underlying mechanisms, assesses the developed techniques, and summarizes the representative applications in flexible and stretchable electronics.
Construction of a highly stable g-C3N4/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)/CD@graphene oxide self-cleaning membrane for dye wastewater separation and degradation
Authors: Xiang Qingcan , Yu Zongxue , Li Xuyang , Wang Pingquan , He Niandan , Pang Yao , Wang Qiuxiang , Liu Yucheng
Published: August 2022

A g-C3N4/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)/CD@GO membrane (M2) was prepared by a simple vacuum filtration method.
A two-dimensional topological nodal-line material MgN4 with extremely large magnetoresistance
Authors: Zhao Xinlei , Liu Dapeng , Gao Miao , Yan Xun-Wang , Ma Fengjie , Lu Zhong-Yi
Published: August 2022

A stable two-dimensional atomically thin topological material MgN4 with XMR is predicted.
Broadband-tunable spectral response of perovskite-on-paper photodetectors using halide mixing
Authors: Magdaleno Alvaro J. , Frisenda Riccardo , Prins Ferry , Castellanos-Gomez Andres
Published: August 2022

Paper offers a low-cost and widely available substrate for electronics. The integration of hybrid perovskites, that can be widely tuned, on paper opens up the possibility to fabricate disposable photodetectors on paper.
Engineered inverse opal structured semiconductors for solar light-driven environmental catalysis
Authors: Gao Junxian , Tian Wenjie , Zhang Huayang , Wang Shaobin
Published: August 2022

Inverse opal (IO) macroporous semiconductor materials with unique physicochemical advantages have been widely used in solar-related environmental areas.
Coordinating ionic and electronic conductivity on 3D porous host enabling deep dense lithium deposition toward high-capacity lithium metal anodes
Authors: Yang Hao , Zheng Hongfei , Yu Huaming , Qu Baihua , Chen Libao , Niu Jianmin , Chen Yuejiao
Published: August 2022

The Li ionic and electronic conductivity on Cu foam is coordinated by the enriched-sparse distributed nano LiF layer, and deep dense Li deposition within the Cu foam skeleton is promoted.
Tailoring the phase transition of silver selenide at the atomistic scale
Authors: Luo Chen , Dong Zuoyuan , Xu Tao , Yang Xin , Zhang Hui , Bi Hengchang , Wang Chaolun , Sun Litao , Chu Junhao , Wu Xing
Published: August 2022

In situtransmission electron microscopy is used to analyze the phase transition of Ag2Se nanoparticles with different size. The result provides a potential design toward a low-temperature range of thermoelectric materials through nanoengineering.
A highly sensitive photoinitiating system based on pre-associated ion-pairs for NIR radical photopolymerization of optically clear materials
Authors: Zhou Junyi , Pitzer Lena , Ley Christian , Rölle Thomas , Allonas Xavier
Published: August 2022

A highly sensitive NIR photoinitiating system based on dye/borate associated pairs.
Lactide-derived monomers for radical thiocarbonyl addition ring-opening copolymerisation
Authors: Ivanchenko Oleksandr , Mazières Stéphane , Harrisson Simon , Destarac Mathias
Published: August 2022

The six-membered dl-thionolactide and dl-dithionolactide are reactive in radical ring-opening copolymerisation with a series of vinyl monomers to yield chemically degradable polymers.
Engineering a selective fluorescent sensor with a high signal-to-background ratio for microalbumin detection and imaging
Authors: Su Liang , Yang Feiyu , Li Wei , Li Haiyan , Wang Chunjiang , Wang Qiuan , Yuan Lin
Published: August 2022

A selective fluorescent sensor FNE3 with a high signal-to-background ratio was constructed for microalbumin quantitative detection and drug visualization.
Upconversion and multiexciton generation in organic Mn(ii) complex boost the quantum yield to > 100%
Authors: Jana Atanu , Myung Chang Woo , Sree Vijaya Gopalan , Kim Kwang S.
Published: August 2022

Organic–inorganic hybrid, green light-emitting single crystals of [Me3NPh]2MnBr4 (1) (Ph: phenyl) are synthesized and exhibit both upconversion and multiple exciton generation leading to a photoluminescence quantum yield of 189%.
Direct difunctional carbonylation of terminal alkynes with sodium sulfinates to access olefin sulfonyl methyl esters under metal-free conditions
Authors: Chen Bo , Yin Han , Bao Zhi-Peng , Kuai Chang-Sheng , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: August 2022

A metal-free difunctional carbonylation procedure toward the synthesis of olefin sulfonyl methyl esters has been developed to give the desired olefin sulfonyl methyl esters in moderate to good yields.
Highly sensitive and selective antibody microarrays based on a Cy5-antibody complexes coupling ES-biochip for E. coli and Salmonella detection
Authors: Hormsombut Timpika , Rijiravanich Patsamon , Surareungchai Werasak , Kalasin Surachate
Published: August 2022

A visual ES-biochip was highly sensitive and selective as well as enabled simultaneous detection. An optimized amount of Cy5 dye was attached to a Cy5-Ab complex label using a double-biotin DNA linkage.
First-principles study on the mechanical and electronic properties of energetic molecular perovskites AM(ClO4)3 (A = C6H14N22+, C4H12N22+, C6H14N2O2+; M = Na+, K+)
Authors: Li Qiaoli , Li Shenshen , Xiao Jijun
Published: August 2022

Using the pCOHP method it was revealed the band gap, and the modulus properties are related to the type and strength of the M–O bonds in a series of molecular perovskite high-energetic compounds AM(ClO4)3 (A = C6H14N22+, C4H12N22+, C6H14N2O2+; M = Na+, K+).
Salivary SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection using S1-RBD protein-immobilized 3D melt electrowritten poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds
Authors: Han Pingping , Liu Chun , Staples Reuben , Moran Corey S. , Ramachandra Srinivas Sulugodu , Gómez-Cerezo Maria Natividad , Ivanovski Sašo
Published: August 2022

Our work developed a 3D SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection platform in non-invasive saliva samples using S1-RBD protein-immobilized 3D melt electrowritten poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds.
Incorporation of Al2O3, GO, and Al2O3@GO nanoparticles into water-borne epoxy coatings: abrasion and corrosion resistance
Authors: Huang Jia-qi , Liu Kunming , Song Xinlong , Zheng Guocheng , Chen Qing , Sun Jiadi , Jin Haozhe , Jiang Lanlan , Jiang Yusheng , Zhang Yi , Jiang Peng , Wu Wangping
Published: August 2022

Nano-Al2O3 particles and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), and then dispersed in epoxy resin, and finally modified-Al2O3/epoxy, modified-GO/epoxy and modified-Al2O3@GO/epoxy composite coatings were prepared on steel sheets by the scraping stick method.
Postsynthetic of MIL-101-NH2 MOFs supported on PVDF membrane for REEs recovery from waste phosphor
Authors: Qin Wei , Yu Along , Han Xue , Wang Junwei , Sun Jiayin , Zhang Jianli , Weng Yaqing
Published: August 2022

A new kind DGA modified MIL-101-NH2 MOFs supported on PVDF composite membrane (DGA-M1N@PVDF) was synthesized, which had superior selectivity, good adsorption capacity and good recycling performance on REEs in waste phosphor.
HZSM-5 zeolite modification and catalytic reaction mechanism in the reaction of cyclohexene hydration
Authors: Tian Hui , Liu Shuai , Liu Qing
Published: August 2022

This study investigated a three-phase (liquid–liquid–solid) reaction system of cyclohexene hydration where the catalyst was hydrophilic at the bottom of the water phase.
Free volume dependence of the dielectric constant of poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposite films
Authors: Yang Lei , Liu Xuyang , Lu Zhouxun , Song Tong , Yang Zhihong , Xu Jianmei , Zhou Wei , Cao Xingzhong , Yu Runsheng , Wang Qing
Published: August 2022

The size variation of free volume holes is found to potentially generate disparate effects on dielectric constant under different frequencies in high-elastic state dipolar poly(vinylidene fluoride).
Up-conversion luminescence properties with temperature change of strontium tungstate phosphors
Authors: Yi Soung-Soo , Jung Jae-Yong
Published: August 2022

Thermally stable SrWO4:[Er3+]/[Yb3+] upconversion phosphors were synthesized.