bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated water quality monitoring system development via LabVIEW for aquaculture industry (Tilapia) in Malaysia
Authors: Azlan Othman Nor , Salwa Damanhuri Nor , Syafiq Mazalan Mohamad Amirul , Addayani Shamsuddin Sarah , Hussaini Abbas Mohd , Chiew Meng Belinda Chong
Published: August 2020

Maintaining the quality of the water quality is one of the important aspects that play a substantial effect on the aquaculture industry especially in the tilapia industry. The quality of the water needs to be continuously monitored as any deviation from the allowed critical parameters such as water temperature and potential of hydrogen (pH) can cause unwanted scenarios such as disease, stress, higher mortality rate and profit loss. Currently, the monitoring process adopted by most fish breeders is done manually by using a portable sensor. This approach is found to be very tedious, ineffective use of manpower and time consuming particularly for the large-scale aquaculture industry. Hence, this research focuses on developing a simple, low-cost automated water quality monitoring system for the tilapia industry via LabVIEW software. The developed system will be able to monitor the parameter in real-time continuously with the capability of record and analyze each reading in a more efficient way. A data acquisition (DAQ) of NI myRIO-1900 is used as an interface between sensors and a monitoring station equipped with LabVIEW. Additionally, the developed system is equipped with an alarm system to alert the user when any deviation of the parameters occurs. Result shows that the system has a small range of average relative error of 4.28% and 6.22% for temperature and pH level respectively as compare to the portable sensor. Note that the errors are down to the selection of sensors. Furthermore, the developed prototype of the monitoring system has advantages in terms of its flexibility in extending the system with more sensors and allows a longer period of data collection without human intervention. The system is also upgradable with the integration of a control element to control the parameter when the monitored parameter is exceeded the threshold value. Succinctly, the system offers lots of advantages to the aquaculture industries with further improvement leads to better performance.
Characterization of the koch fractal hexagonal loop frequency selective surface for X-band application
Authors: Binti Mohamed Nafis Nur Biha , Bin A. Rahim Mohamad Kamal , Bin Ayop Osman , Bin A MAjid Huda , Tuntrakool Sunti
Published: August 2020

This paper presented the bandstop Koch fractal hexagonal loop frequency selective surface (FSS) for the X-band application. The simulated transmission coefficient response (S_21) had been obtained by using CST software. The proposed Koch fractal hexagonal loop FSS structure is highly insensitive towards angular stability and also incident polarization up to 60 degree , with deviation of resonant frequency,  f_r below than 1%. The parametric analysis on the effect of the periodicity, width, and height of the fractal FSS structure on the S_21 has been illustrated and discussed thoroughly.
Multiple element of miniaturized printed log-periodic second series koch dipole array antenna for wideband chipless RFID tag reader
Authors: Bin Jalil Mohd Ezwan , A. Rahim Mohamad Kamal , Asmawati Samsuri Noor , Tuntrakool Sunti
Published: August 2020

This paper aims to produce a low profile, wideband, and high gain antenna for chipless RFID tag readers.  A miniaturized and wideband printed Log-Periodic Second Series Koch Dipole Array (LPSSKDA) with eleven elements operating over 0.8 GHz-3.2 GHz is designed using the FR4 board. The single LPSSKDA antenna, which acts as the chipless RFID reader antenna having gain between 5.2 and 6.1 dBi and frequency range from 1-3 GHz. A double element of the LPSSKDA antenna is proposed for improving the antenna gain to 6.9-7.9 dBi over the frequency range. The antenna is fabricated to validate the simulation and measurement results in terms of reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, and surface current distribution.
The influence of Islamic culture on information privacy: case of Malaysia’s computer professionals
Authors: Wan Mohd Isa Wan Abdul Rahim , Hakim Suhaimi Ahmad Iqbal , Noordin Nurulhuda , Mohd Safiq Mohd Sabry
Published: August 2020

In today's era of vulnerability and volatility, technologies in an organization evolving faster than the traditional landscape. Thus, sets the stage for trust and privacy concern for all the data that flying around in the database. Research on cultural aspects toward privacy starting to attract more ongoing research effort especially in Islamic religious culture. Islam gives great importance to the fundamental human right to privacy. This study aims to investigate Islamic cultural influences on Malaysia's computer professionals' self-regulatory efficacy towards the protection of personal information privacy by adapting the research frameworks of previous works. Further, data for this research obtained through the survey with computer professionals. Out of 226 respondents, 208 data are valid and usable for this study. Spearman's Rank Order Correlation was used to determine the relationship between culture and Information privacy self-regulatory efficacy dimensions. The findings from this research could provide a better understanding of the subject matter and be used as the basis for future studies.
Development of mobile application for Malay translated hadith search engine
Authors: Rahman Nurazzah Abd , Syamil Faiz Ikhwan Mohd Rafhan , Rodzman Shaiful Bakhtiar bin
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the development of mobile application for Malay Translated Hadith search engine. Limitations of current Hadith web application are the design is to optimize its usage on desktop computer but not on mobile devices, which requires simple and user friendly interface. Besides that, web application also needs internet connection to use. Due to increase usage of mobile application among mobile phone users, many existing web applications have moved to mobile based applications to cater for increasing numbers of mobile users. In this study, a mobile application for Android and iOS mobile application has been developed using Flutter framework, a hybrid mobile application framework. A Malay Translated hadith search engine mobile application can easily assist those who are seeking knowledge to learn more about certain topics in hadith, a second source of Islamic knowledge. This mobile application has search and directory features for users to browse the 2028 Sahih Bukhari hadith collection. Users can enter their query using search features to find selected hadith in Malay language. Queries will be processed for searching relevant hadith and display the results to the user. Evaluation using Recall and Precision shows that on the average Recall is 73% and Precision is 33%. Functionality testing is also conducted to test against the functional requirements or specifications. Results shows all requirements are successfully tested.
A new hybrid conjugate gradient algorithm for unconstrained optimization with inexact line search
Authors: N. Jardow Fanar , Al-Naemi Ghada M.
Published: August 2020

Many researchers are interested for developed and improved the conjugate gradient method for solving large scale unconstrained optimization problems. In this work a new parameter  will be presented as a convex combination between RMIL and MMWU. The suggestion method always produces a descent search direction at each iteration. Under Strong Wolfe Powell (SWP) line search conditions, the global convergence of the proposed method is established. The preliminary numerical comparisons with some others CG methods have shown that this new method is efficient and robust in solving all given problems.
Opinion classification on a social network by a novel feature selection technique
Authors: Choompol Atchara , Songram Panida , Chomphuwiset Phattahanaphong
Published: August 2020

Most of the opinion comments on social networks are short and ambiguous. In general, opinion classification on the comments is difficult because of lacking dominant features. A feature extraction technique is therefore necessary for improving accuracy of the classification and computational time. This paper proposes an effective feature selection method for opinion classification on a social network. The proposed method selects features based on the concept of a filter model, together with association rules. Support and confidence are used to calculate the weights of features. The features with high weight are selected for classification. Unlike supports in association rules, supports in our method are normalized to 0-1 to remove outlier supports. Moreover, a tuning parameter is used to emphasize the degree of support or confidence. The experimental results show that the proposed method provides high classification efficiency. The proposed method outperforms Information Gain, Chi-Square, and Gini Index in both computational time and accuracy.
An efficient traffic contention and control mechanism to improve QoS in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ganesh Kavitha , Latchoumy P. , Sonya A.
Published: August 2020

Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (HWSN) gathers information from a cooperative network. In HWSN, the sensor nodes are scattered and the major challenges are topology control, battery optimization, packet loss and link lifetime. The existing techniques do not concentrate on all the mentioned issues. The objective of this work is to provide congestion-free data transfer with higher throughput and increased packet delivery ratio. In the proposed methodology, three protocols are designed and developed, namely, Hop by Hop Rate Adjustment Protocol (HHRA), Energy Efficient Data Transfer Protocol (EEDT) and Alternative Routing Congestion Control Protocol (ARCC). The HHRA protocol senses the traffic in the channel and adjusts the transmission rate accordingly to avoid congestion. Secondly, the EEDT protocol is used to find specific nodes that are more efficient and transfer packets through those nodes to improve throughput. The ARCC protocol is used to redirect the path of transmission during the occurrence of congestion. Thus, the proposed traffic contention and control mechanisms ensures congestion free transmission and increases the packet delivery ratio by 23% and average throughput by 20% compared to the Dynamic Contention Window based Congestion Control (DCWCC) algorithm. 
A proactive metaheuristic model for optimizing weights of artificial neural network
Authors: Hakem Alsaeedi Ali , Hussein Aljanabi Ali , Ebady Manna Mehdi , L. Albukhnefis Adil
Published: August 2020

This paper proposes the  Particle Swarm Optimization model for enhancing the performance of an Artificial Neural Network. The learning process of Artificial Neural Network requires a long time to satisfy requirements because of processing complexity of the backpropagation algorithm that has been used in training Artificial Neural Network. It is a nonlinear complex model that can be used to configure and train an artificial neuron system. Both Artificial Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization model have been managed to solve and optimize several nonlinear models. Heuristic Optimization Weight of Artificial Neural Network (HNN) is a proactive metaheuristic model proposed to optimize the performance of Artificial Neural Network. The proposed system applies Particle Swarm Optimization to find the optimum weights of the Artificial Neural Network instead of using the Backpropagation algorithm. Experimentally, the proposed system has required less processing time (average of 76.91 Sec.) than Backpropagation (average of 93.32 Sec). Furthermore, It has provided better classification accuracy (start from 80% to 97.20%) comparing with  Backpropagation (start from 75.32% to 94.32%).
Conflictos y cambios familiares: significados asociados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas
Authors: Callejas-Callejas Albeiro , Sánchez-Jiménez María Hilda
Published: August 2020

Se presentan los contextos sociofamiliares co-construidos, así como los significados dados al conflicto y a los cambios familiares asociados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por parte de un hijo adolescente. Es resultado de una investigación cualitativa-hermenéutica, apoyada en el método de la teoría fundamentada y su interpretación tiene como base epistemológica elementos del construccionismo social. Los resultados muestran movimientos, relaciones y estrategias que marcan: pautas de interacción que conjugan problemas y cambios sociofamiliares, alteraciones emocionales y predominancia de relaciones violentas. Concluye que la agudización del conflicto se da en el marco de relaciones fracturadas de acuerdo con el significado centrado en el rol de padre y madre, patrones relacionales violentos y emociones confusas y contradictorias en las relaciones familiares.
Avaliando o impacto das políticas educacionais em Sobral
Authors: Rocha Roberto Hsu , Menezes-Filho Naercio , Komatsu Bruno Kawaoka
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto de políticas educacionais adotadas no início dos anos 2000 sobre a qualidade do ensino no município de Sobral, no Estado do Ceará. Essas políticas reorganizaram o sistema educacional, sem incorrer em aumento expressivo dos gastos em educação. Utilizamos uma combinação do Propensity Score Matching e do método de diferenças em diferenças para estimar o impacto. Os resultados indicam efeitos positivos significativos no curto e no longo prazo para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. No entanto, os desafios persistem na ampliação desses resultados para os anos finais do mesmo grau de ensino.
Infraestrutura pública e crescimento dos municípios brasileiros: análise espacial entre 1970 e 2010
Authors: Magalhães Candido de Castro Graziella , Toneto Junior Rudinei
Published: August 2020

Este artigo estuda a relação empírica entre infraestrutura pública e crescimento econômico dosmunicípios brasileiros entre 1970 e 2010. Para isto, generaliza-se o modelo de crescimento econômico regional desenvolvido por Glaeser et al. (1995) incorporando o capital público na função de produção das firmas. Para estimação, opta-se por um método econométrico capaz de acomodar heterogeneidade e dependência espacial entre os municípios. Os resultados sugerem que o acesso à energia elétrica e ao abastecimento de água afetam positivamente o crescimento do salário per capita. Considerando crescimento populacional, encontra-se efeitos positivos do acesso à energia elétrica e à coleta de esgoto.
Retorno de ações, inflação e atividade econômica
Authors: Silva Nelson da , Caetano Sidney Martins
Published: August 2020

O trabalho investiga empiricamente as relações entre retorno de ações, inflação e atividade econômica para dados mensais brasileiros (1996-2017). Analisamos a variância e correlação wavelet e estimamos regressões em níveis de escala. Os resultados não corroboram a hipótese principal de que a relação negativa entre retorno real de ações e inflação seria induzida por uma relação negativa entre a inflação e a atividade econômica. Além disso, a relação entre retorno real de ações e a atividade econômica não é independente da inflação. Em termos de escala, na inflação e hiato do produto predominam ciclos de médio e longo prazos, enquanto na composição da taxa de crescimento da produção industrial e do retorno real do índice acionário, o componente de curto prazo é o determinante.
Sistema interestadual de insumo-produto do Brasil: uma aplicação do método SUIT
Authors: Guilhoto Joaquim José Martins , Gonçalves Junior Carlos Alberto , Visentin Jaqueline Coelho , Imori Denise , Ussami Keyi Ando
Published: August 2020

Este artigo propõe um método para a estimação de Tabelas de Produção e Uso Inter-regionais em condições de informação limitada denominado Supply and Use Interregional Tables – SUIT. O SUIT é aplicado na construção de um sistema para as 27 Unidades da Federação (UF) brasileiras para o ano de 2011. As principais características do SUIT são de: (i) poder ser diretamente aplicado a sistemas compostos por diferentes hierarquias regionais, (ii) ser consistente com as matrizes de insumo-produto nacionais e (iii) ser consistente como sistema de contas regionais do IBGE. O artigo faz uma análise da estrutura produtiva, das relações interestaduais e dos fluxos de comércio entre as UFs.
Welfare cost of inflation in Brazil: an approach with time-varying cointegration and Kalman filter
Authors: Lima Campos Eduardo , Penha Cysne Rubens
Published: August 2020

This paper compares the time-varying cointegration and the Kalman filter techniques to estimate the Brazilian money demand between 1996 and 2015. The estimation using Kalman filtering performs better and is subsequently used to calculate the welfare cost of inflation. Taking into consideration the time variability of the interest-rate elasticity during the period, the average welfare cost amounts to 0.24% of the GDP, for an average annual inflation of 6.63%.
Risco de crédito e as políticas monetárias convencional e não convencional: o caso brasileiro
Authors: Almeida Fernanda Dantas , Angelo Divino José
Published: August 2020

O crédito bancário é considerado umimportante canal de transmissão de choques monetários e financeiros para o lado real da economia. Este artigo investiga a relação entre risco de crédito e a políticamonetária, conduzida tanto de forma convencional quanto não-convencional, e analisa os efeitos e canais de transmissão de choques exógenos no risco de crédito, taxa nominal de juros e alíquota de compulsório sobre o ciclo econômico. O modelo de Gertler & Karadi (2011) é modificado para incorporar risco de crédito endógeno dado pela probabilidade de default em empréstimos bancários pela firma. Os resultados de simulações para a economia brasileira revelam uma taxa de default anticíclica, que compensa os bancos por perdas com os “maus” pagadores. Uma regra de compulsório anticíclica mais agressiva contribui para a estabilização do ciclo econômico sem afetar significativamente o risco de crédito.
As políticas macroprudenciais e a concorrência bancária entre 2009 e 2016
Authors: Shinkoda Marcelo Henrique , Braga Marcelo José
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar se as políticas macroprudenciais/concorrenciais editadas entre 2009 e 2016 afetaram direta ou indiretamente a conduta concorrencial das instituições financeiras. Para isso, utilizou-se a estatística H de Panzar e Rosse. Os dados foram constituídos por um painel com 44 instituições bancárias que atuaram no Brasil no período. Os resultados indicaram que a conduta das instituições financeiras foi, entre 2009 e 2013, de um monopólio, passando a uma conduta neutra entre 2014 e 2015 e, a partir de então, uma concorrência monopolística. Concluiu-se que a política de portabilidade do crédito (editada em dezembro de 2013) foi a que teve impacto de neutralidade sobre a competição das instituições financeiras, enquanto que a exigibilidade de Basileia III a partir de 2015 efetivou a conduta competitiva do setor.
Análise das relações entre crescimento econômico e emissões de gases de efeito estufa na América Latina
Authors: Souza Helson Gomes de , Tabosa Francisco José Silva
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho busca verificar a veracidade da hipótese ambiental de Kuznets para o crescimento econômico total e aplicado ao setor agrícola dos países da América Latina. Para tanto foram utilizados dados dispostos entre 1990 e 2015. Utilizou-se uma metodologia capaz de incorporar os efeitos da cointegração e da não estacionariedade. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as emissões de poluentes e o crescimento econômico formam uma relação no formato de ‘N’. Verificou-se também que os países da América Latina possuem incentivos a aumentarem suas emissões de poluentes em vista do crescimento econômico proporcionado. Concluiu-se também que no longo prazo o crescimento econômico exige maiores níveis de degradação ambiental do que nos estágios iniciais de crescimento.
Mercosul e o efeito spillover na criação de comércio
Authors: Loures Alexandre , Figueiredo Erik Alencar de , Mariano Lucas
Published: August 2020

Este artigo analisa se a experiência de exportação dentro do Mercosul afeta a probabilidade de criação de mercado para novos produtos fora da área de comércio, i.e., um efeito spillover para terceiros países. Usando um banco de dados com elevada desagregação (BACI–HS4) e uma estratégia de estimação baseada em modelos probabilísticos, constata-se que as experiências anteriores de exportação estão associadas a uma probabilidade de 1,9% de criação de mercado para novos produtos. Esse efeito, aliado aos resultados de Figueiredo & Loures (2016), indicam que o Mercosul não só contribui para a ampliação da margem extensiva de comércio dentro do bloco, como também constitui um primeiro passo para que um produto se consolide na exploração de novos mercados internacionais.
Efeito setorial da intermediação financeira na dinâmica da estrutura de capital
Authors: Burkowski Erika , Perobelli Fernanda Finotti Cordeiro , Salgueiro Perobelli Fernando
Published: August 2020

Se empresas que atuam em setores com maior restrição financeira tendessem a ser mais conservadoras, formando uma reserva de liquidez, haveria efeitos sobre a estrutura de capital. Assim, pretende-se verificar se a sensibilidade setorial a oscilações na oferta de recursos pelo setor financeiro afeta o grau de ajustamento da estrutura de capital das empresas. Em uma amostra de 612 empresas brasileiras de capital aberto, o modelo de trade off dinâmico é estimado pelo método de variáveis instrumentais em diferenças. Constata-se que o multiplicador financeiro setorial pode ser visto, na média, como uma medida da restrição financeira, que aumenta a importância do estoque de dívidas sobre as novas contratações, reduzindo a velocidade de ajuste das empresas à estrutura de capital ótima.
Mercado de trabalho formal e rendimentos da agroindústria sucroenergética de 2000 a 2016
Authors: Gilio Leandro , Castro Nicole Rennó , Rodrigues Luciano , Bacchi Mirian Rumenos Piedade
Published: August 2020

Analisa-se a evolução do mercado de trabalho da agroindústria sucroenergética de 2000 a 2016 por meio de uma base atualizada de dados e uma nova reflexão sobre o impacto de aspectos institucionais e conjunturais relacionados ao setor. A avaliação foi conduzida a partir de análises descritivas e equações de rendimento. Também se propôs uma nova classificação de trabalhadores entre atividades intrassetoriais. Como resultados, verifica-se que a nova abordagem revelou maior concentração de trabalhadores no segmento agrícola comparativamente a estudos anteriores. Destaca-se também o declínio de postos a partir de 2008 como efeito da mecanização e da crise no setor, mas com evolução na qualidade.
Association of Established Blood Pressure Loci With 10‐Year Change in Blood Pressure and Their Ability to Predict Incident Hypertension
Authors: Poveda Alaitz , Atabaki‐Pasdar Naeimeh , Ahmad Shafqat , Hallmans Göran , Renström Frida , Franks Paul W.
Published: August 2020

Background

Genome‐wide association studies have identified >1000 genetic variants cross‐sectionally associated with blood pressure variation and prevalent hypertension. These discoveries might aid the early identification of subpopulations at risk of developing hypertension or provide targets for drug development, amongst other applications. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of blood pressure‐associated variants with long‐term changes (10 years) in blood pressure and also to assess their ability to predict hypertension incidence compared with traditional risk variables in a Swedish population.

Methods and Results

We constructed 6 genetic risk scores (GRSs) by summing the dosage of the effect allele at each locus of genetic variants previously associated with blood pressure traits (systolic blood pressure GRS (GRS
SBP
): 554 variants; diastolic blood pressure GRS (GRS
DBP
): 481 variants; mean arterial pressure GRS (GRS
MAP
): 20 variants; pulse pressure GRS (GRS
PP
): 478 variants; hypertension GRS (GRS
HTN
): 22 variants; combined GRS (GRS
com
b
): 1152 variants). Each GRS was longitudinally associated with its corresponding blood pressure trait, with estimated effects per GRS SD unit of 0.50 to 1.21 mm Hg for quantitative traits and odds ratios (ORs) of 1.10 to 1.35 for hypertension incidence traits. The GRS
comb
was also significantly associated with hypertension incidence defined according to European guidelines (OR, 1.22 per SD; 95% CI, 1.10‒1.35) but not US guidelines (OR, 1.11 per SD; 95% CI, 0.99‒1.25) while controlling for traditional risk factors. The addition of GRS
comb
to a model containing traditional risk factors only marginally improved discrimination (Δarea under the ROC curve = 0.001–0.002).

Conclusions

GRSs based on discovered blood pressure‐associated variants are associated with long‐term changes in blood pressure traits and hypertension incidence, but the inclusion of genetic factors in a model composed of conventional hypertension risk factors did not yield a material increase in predictive ability.
Carotid Lumen Diameter Is Associated With All‐Cause Mortality in the General Population
Authors: Fritze Felix , Groß Stefan , Ittermann Till , Völzke Henry , Felix Stephan B. , Schminke Ulf , Dörr Marcus , Bahls Martin
Published: August 2020

Background

Common carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) is a biomarker for subclinical atherosclerosis and is associated with all‐cause as well as cardiovascular mortality. Higher cIMT is accompanied by a compensatory increase in lumen diameter (LD) of the common carotid arteries. Whether cIMT or LD carry more information with regard to mortality is unclear.

Methods and Results

A total of 2751 subjects (median age 53 years; 52% female) were included. During a median follow‐up of 14.9 years (range: 12.8–16.5) a total of 506 subjects died. At baseline, cIMT and LD were assessed by carotid ultrasound scans. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to relate cIMT, LD, LD adjusted for cIMT (LD+cIMT), and LD/cIMT ratio with all‐cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality. All models were ranked using Akaike's information criterion. Harrel's c statistic was used to compare the models' predictive power for mortality. A 1‐mm increase in LD was related to a higher risk for all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14–1.45,
P
<0.01). This association remained significant when cIMT was added to the model (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11–1.42;
P
<0.01). A 1‐mm higher cIMT was also related with greater mortality risk (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.09–2.75). The LD/cIMT ratio was not associated with all‐cause mortality. LD had the lowest Akaike's information criterion regarding all‐cause mortality and improved all‐cause mortality prediction compared with the null model (
P
=0.01). CIMT weakened all‐cause mortality prediction compared with the LD model.

Conclusions

LD provided more information for all‐cause mortality compared with cIMT in a large population‐based sample.
Intermittent Hypoxia Triggers Early Cardiac Remodeling and Contractile Dysfunction in the Time‐Course of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy in Rats
Authors: Bourdier Guillaume , Détrait Maximin , Bouyon Sophie , Lemarié Emeline , Brasseur Sandrine , Doutreleau Stéphane , Pépin Jean‐Louis , Godin‐Ribuot Diane , Belaidi Elise , Arnaud Claire
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Sleep‐disordered breathing is associated with a poor prognosis (mortality) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. The understanding of mechanisms linking intermittent hypoxia (IH), the key feature of sleep‐disordered breathing, to ischemic cardiomyopathy progression is crucial for identifying specific actionable therapeutic targets. The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate the impact of IH on the time course evolution of cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction in a rat model of ischemic cardiomyopathy; and (2) to determine the impact of IH on sympathetic activity, hypoxia inducible factor‐1 activation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the time course of ischemic cardiomyopathy progression.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Ischemic cardiomyopathy was induced by a permanent ligature of the left coronary artery in male Wistar rats (rats with myocardial infarction). Rats with myocardial infarction were then exposed to either IH or normoxia for up to 12 weeks. Cardiac remodeling and function were analyzed by Sirius red and wheat germ agglutinin staining, ultrasonography, and cardiac catheterization. Sympathetic activity was evaluated by spectral analysis of blood pressure variability. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α activation and burden of endoplasmic reticulum stress were characterized by Western blots. Long‐term IH exposure precipitated cardiac remodeling (hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis) and contractile dysfunction during the time course evolution of ischemic cardiomyopathy in rodents. Among associated mechanisms, we identified the early occurrence and persistence of sympathetic activation, associated with sustained hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α expression and a delayed pro‐apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum stress.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data provide the demonstration of the deleterious impact of IH on post–myocardial infarction remodeling and contractile dysfunction. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether targeting sympathetic nervous system or HIF‐1 overactivities could limit these effects and improve management of coexisting ischemic cardiomyopathy and sleep‐disordered breathing.
Miscellaneous notes on nomenclature and taxonomy of some Old World names in tribe Paniceae (Panicoideae, Poaceae)

Authors: CRESPO MANUEL B. , ALONSO MARÍA ÁNGELES , MARTÍNEZ-AZORÍN MARIO , SÁEZ LLORENÇ
Published: August 2020

Nomenclatural types of eleven names of Paniceae described from the Old World are indicated and discussed. This includes designation of ten new types (i.e. four lectotypes, one second-step lectotype, three epitypes and two neotypes) for names currently accepted at different ranks in Cenchrus, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Oplismenus and Setaria. Furthermore, seven new combinations of infrageneric groups are also validated in Cenchrus (namely C. sect. Beckeropsis, C. sect. Brevivalvula, C. sect. Dactylophora, C. sect. Gymnotrix, C. sect. Kikuyuochloa, C. sect. Penicillaria, and C. sect. Pleurostigma) to accommodate the representatives of that genus occurring in the Iberian Peninsula and the Old World.
Eremitis limae (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species of herbaceous bamboo endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Bahia, Brazil

Authors: FERREIRA FABRÍCIO MOREIRA , WELKER CASSIANO A. DORNELES , CLARK LYNN G. , OLIVEIRA REYJANE P.
Published: August 2020

Eremitis limae, a new species of Parianinae (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae) endemic to the coastal forests of Bahia, Brazil, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to species of Eremitis with characteristically narrow leaves: E. linearifolia, E. parviflora, and E. riodocensis. We discuss the morphological characters distinguishing the new species from its close relatives, and we also present illustrations, photos, and a distribution map. Eremitis limae is classified as Endangered (EN) according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria.
Three new species of the funnel-web spider genus Macrothele from the Southwest China (Mygalomorphae: Macrothelidae)
Authors: TANG YA-NI , ZHAO YU , YANG ZI-ZHONG
Published: August 2020

Three new species of the genus Macrothele are described from Yunnan Province, China: Macrothele undata sp. nov., M. arcuata sp. nov., M. sanheensis sp. nov. Detailed morphological descriptions of the three new species are provided.
Nereis taichungensis nom. nov., a replacement name for Nereis articulata Hsueh, 2020, a junior primary homonym to Nereis articulata Ehlers, 1887
Authors: HSUEH PAN-WEN
Published: August 2020

Nereis articulata Ehlers, 1887 is senior primary homonym to Nereis articulata Hsueh, 2020 from Taiwan. The older Nereis articulata name has been transferred to the genus Ceratonereis Kinberg, 1865 in the subgenus Composetia Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 by Hartmann-Schröder (1985), although this placement may be unreliable (Bakken & Wilson, 2005). Nevertheless its original name is an available name and its recombination is in use. Hsueh (2020) mistakenly treated N. articulata Ehlers, 1887 as an unavailable name and described a new Nereis, which possesses articulated tentacular cirri, as Nereis articulata Hsueh, 2020. Nereis articulata Ehlers, 1887 has precedence based on Article 23.4 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999). Thus, Nereis taichungensis nom. nov. is named herein as a replacement name for Nereis articulata Hsueh, 2020, a junior primary homonym to N. articulata Ehlers, 1887, and thus permanently invalid (Article 57.2).
Making Sense of U.S. Refugee Resettlement: Utica as a Model for the Nation
Authors: Richard Anne C. , Callahan Shelly
Published: August 2020

Refugee integration is a complex process, realized differently by different groups at different times. This article examines the larger global and national context in which decisions about refugees are made and illustrates impacts of these decisions at the local level. A close look at refugee resettlement in Utica, New York, reveals that positive benefits have accrued to the community there over decades. Trump administration policies have cut in half the number of refugees arriving in that city, but the resultant advocacy for the Utica refugee resettlement office led to new income from the State of New York, preserving the city’s ability to participate in the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program now and in the future.
The Development of Innovative Integration Models in Los Angeles
Authors: Lopez Linda
Published: August 2020

Growth in international migration is attributable to conflicts and war, food insecurity, violence, and lack of economic opportunity. Additionally, according to the World Bank, the world could see more than 140 million people move within countries by 2050, and many expect that climate change will lead to even greater migration and displacement. Cities are on the front lines in creating innovative policy and programs to integrate immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. Los Angeles has developed programs and policies to ensure that newcomers have the opportunity to thrive economically, civically, and to obtain key city services such as healthcare and financial support. This article examines a few innovative models aimed at addressing integration for migrant and refugee populations in L.A. and provides recommendations for how cities can replicate these models.
Treatment With Oral Versus Intravenous Acetaminophen in Elderly Trauma Patients With Rib Fractures: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Antill Andrew C. , Frye Sarah W. , McMillen James C. , Haynes James C. , Ford Benjamin R. , Bollig Reagan W. , Daley Brian J.
Published: August 2020

Background

Rib fractures are common injuries among traumatically injured patients, and elderly patients with rib fractures are at increased risk for adverse events and death. The purpose of this study was to determine if oral Per os (PO) acetaminophen is as effective as intravenous (IV) acetaminophen in treating the pain associated with rib fractures.

Methods

We performed a single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. Trauma patients who were ≥65 years old and had ≥1 rib fracture were included in this study. Patients were randomized into IV acetaminophen and oral placebo (n = 63) or IV placebo and oral solution acetaminophen (n = 75) groups. The primary outcome was a mean reduction in pain score at 24 hours, and secondary outcomes included opioid use, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, hospital mortality, the difference in incentive spirometry, and development of pneumonia.

Results

Among the 138 patients included, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 study groups in a mean reduction in pain score at 24 hours after injury (PO: 3.24, IV: 2.49; P = .230). Opioid pain medication use was equivalent between groups ( P = .212), and there was no significant difference in hospital mortality rate between groups ( P = .827). There was no statistically significant difference in ICU LOS, hospital LOS, or development of pneumonia.

Discussion

In elderly trauma patients (age ≥65 years) with 1 or more rib fractures, PO acetaminophen is equivalent to IV acetaminophen for pain control, with no difference in morbidity or mortality. Oral acetaminophen should be preferentially used over IV acetaminophen when treating the elderly trauma patient with rib fractures.
The prevalence, trends and determinants of mental health disorders in older Australians living in permanent residential aged care: Implications for policy and quality of aged care services
Authors: Amare Azmeraw T , Caughey Gillian E , Whitehead Craig , Lang Catherine E , Bray Sarah CE , Corlis Megan , Visvanathan Renuka , Wesselingh Steve , Inacio Maria C
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Mental health disorders are a major health concern in older people and are associated with a higher risk of disability, frailty and early mortality. This study aimed to conduct a contemporary population-based assessment of the prevalence, trends and factors associated with mental health disorders in individuals who are living in permanent residential aged care (PRAC) in Australia.

Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using national data from the Registry of Senior Australians, a national cohort of older Australians who had aged care eligibility assessment and entered PRAC between 2008 and 2016. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression modeling was applied to identify factors associated with mental health disorders.

Results:

Of 430,862 individuals included in this study, 57.8% had at least one mental health disorder. The prevalence of depression, phobia/anxiety and psychosis were as follows: 46.2% (95% confidence interval = [46.0%, 46.3%]), 14.9% (95% confidence interval = [14.8%, 15.0%]) and 9.7% (95% confidence interval = [9.6%, 9.8%]), respectively. The likelihood of having a mental health disorder was higher for those who were (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) relatively younger, specifically for every 10-year increment in age, the odds of having mental health disorders was 44.0% lower (0.56, [0.55, 0.56]); female (1.33 [1.32, 1.35]); having increasing numbers of physical health comorbidities, 6–10 (1.26 [1.24, 1.29]) or 11–15 (1.48 [1.45, 1.51]) or more than 15 (1.64 [1.58, 1.71]) compared to people having less than five comorbidities; having limitations related to health care tasks (1.05 [1.04, 1.07]), meals (1.04 [1.02, 1.05]) or social and community participation (1.10 [1.08, 1.12]).

Conclusion:

The burden of mental health disorders in older Australians living in PRAC was high and individuals with these conditions tend to be younger, with several physical comorbidities and/or functional limitations. Understanding the profile of individuals with mental health disorders at entry into PRAC can be used as evidence for baseline resource allocation for this population and evaluation of future needs of mental health services.
The Relationship Between Parents’ Reported Storage of Firearms and Their Children’s Perceived Access to Firearms: A Safety Disconnect
Authors: Doh Kiesha Fraser , Morris Claudia R. , Akbar Tasneem , Chaudhary Sofia , Lazarus Sarah G. , Figueroa Janet , Agarwal Maneesha , Simon Harold K.
Published: August 2020

Locked-up and unloaded firearm storage is a tenet of injury prevention campaigns to decrease children’s access to firearms. This study cohort describes the reported presence of, storage mechanisms for, and children’s perceived access to firearms. Parent-child dyads (n = 297) were recruited from pediatric emergency departments in Atlanta, GA. Gun owners were 25% of cohort; 53% reported storing some firearms insecurely. Gun owners were more likely to believe their child could access a firearm versus non–gun owners (11% vs 3%). Children of gun owners versus non-gun owners indicated increased ability to acquire a gun (14% vs 4%). Fifty-nine percent of children could not identify a real versus toy gun in a picture. This study highlights a plurality of parents storing firearms insecurely with a significant portion of children reporting gun access and demonstrating inability to recognize actual guns. This disconnect points to the importance of public health interventions to decrease access to firearms in this vulnerable population.
Do Coping Responses and Racial Identity Promote School Adjustment Among Black Youth? Applying an Equity-Elaborated Social–Emotional Learning Lens
Authors: Griffin Charity Brown , Gray DeLeon , Hope Elan , Metzger Isha W. , Henderson Dawn X.
Published: August 2020

This study examines two equity-elaborated social and emotional learning (SEL) competencies among Black adolescents: coping responses to race-related stress at school (self-management) and racial identity (self-awareness), and their relation to school adjustment (school belonging, school valuing, cognitive strategy use). The sample included 151 Black high school students ( Mage = 16.42; 52% female) from the southeastern United States. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that racial centrality moderated the relationships between active coping and school valuing and active coping and cognitive strategy use. Findings support the value of using an equity-elaborated lens to understand the role of SEL competencies for Black youth’s school adjustment.
Provoking Animal Realities on TV: Exploring the Affinities between STS and Screen Studies
Authors: Hawkins Gay , Dibley Ben
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the logistics of crafting and accounting for animal realities on television. Using the case of The Making of David Attenborough’s Conquest of the Skies, a behind-the-scenes documentary about how the Sky TV series David Attenborough’s Conquest of the Skies was created, it explores how the material reality of animals becomes a televisual reality. In seeking to challenge the lingering concern within many media studies critiques of wildlife TV about the constructed and manipulated nature of televisual animals, we propose an approach focused on how realities are provoked. This approach draws on recent debates within STS and screen theory about the contingent elements and accountability relations that become practically operative in making something real. Equally significant is the animal performer. How do the animals, often domesticated, that are used in television to simulate wildness or scientific facts participate in and resist the television apparatus? And how do these animal performances shape distinct animal–human relations and contact zones?
Old and new questions for the public sphere: historicizing its theoretical relevance in post–Cold War South Korea
Authors: Kang Jiyeon
Published: August 2020

In this article, I reflect on the theoretical rise of the public sphere in the 1990s from the vantage point of South Korea, connecting this approach to the broader context of the global post–Cold War transition. The case of South Korea – a postcolonial, authoritarian country with deep geopolitical connections to the West – offers a node of the global embrace of the public sphere in the 1990s for theorizing the transformation of authoritarian countries into liberal capitalist democracies, elevating the distinction between state and civil society as a prominent focus. However, the establishment of authoritarian public spheres in Asia and the illiberal turn of public spheres in the Global North in the 2010s call upon scholars to identify relevant questions regarding current public spheres while addressing what essential components define the public sphere. Here, I call for critical attention to the loci of power and oppression, to the production of critical practices within a particular social configuration, and to coexistence within a civil society. I end the article by proposing a set of suggestions for reading, theorizing, and teaching public sphere theories.
Expression of Iron‐Regulatory Hormone Hepcidin and Iron Transporters Ferroportin and ZIP8 in Patients With and Without Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hsu David , Kim Airie , Ganz Tomas , Suh Jeffrey D. , Wang Marilene , Wu Tara J. , Lee Jivianne T.
Published: August 2020

Airway epithelia express intrinsic antimicrobial and nutrient‐sequestering factors, which contribute to the host defense of the respiratory tract. Hepcidin is an endogenous peptide hormone that serves as a key regulator of iron metabolism, and ferroportin and ZIP8 are iron transporters. All exhibit innate antimicrobial activity. The purpose of this pilot study is to determine if molecules involved in iron regulation are expressed within sinus epithelia and to compare levels of expression between patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Sinus mucosa was obtained from patients with (n = 19) and without (n = 14) CRS. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction following RNA extraction was used to quantify expression of hepcidin, ferroportin, and ZIP8 mRNA. Hepcidin, ferroportin, and ZIP8 were all detected in the sinus epithelia of patients with and without CRS. However, only ZIP8 was significantly changed in CRS, with a 2.5‐fold mean increase in mRNA expression relative to controls (P =. 005). These findings suggest that ZIP8 may play a role in the innate epithelial defense of the paranasal sinuses.
Role of Biologics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyposis: State of the Art Review
Authors: Kim Christine , Han Joseph , Wu Tara , Bachert Claus , Fokkens Wytske , Hellings Peter , Hopkins Claire , Lee Stella , Mullol Joaquim , Lee Jivianne T.
Published: August 2020

Objective

To review the current literature regarding the role of biologics in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).

Data Sources

PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Review, ClinicalTrials.gov

Review Methods

We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on clinical studies investigating the efficacy of emerging biologics in CRSwNP, with a focus on randomized controlled trials.

Conclusions

There appears to be promising evidence to support the safety and efficacy of biologics in CRSwNP with and without asthma for select patients. However, additional large‐scale randomized studies with longer follow‐up are necessary to determine which patients would benefit the most from these novel systemic treatments.

Implications for Practice

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis refractory to medical and surgical therapy remains a challenging clinical problem for otolaryngologists. However, emerging biologic therapies may offer a new therapeutic option for such patients with recalcitrant disease.