bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MYOD mediates skeletal myogenic differentiation of human amniotic fluid stem cells and regeneration of muscle injury
Authors: Kim Ju Ang , Shon Yun Hee , Lim Jeong Ok , Yoo James J , Shin Hong-In , Park Eui Kyun
Published: December 2013

Introduction

Human amniotic fluid stem (hAFS) cells have been shown to differentiate into multiple lineages, including myoblasts. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the myogenic differentiation of hAFS cells and their regenerative potential for muscle injury remain to be elucidated.

Methods

In order to induce myogenic differentiation of hAFS cells, lentiviruses for MYOD were constructed and transduced into hAFS cells. Formation of myotube-like cells was analyzed by immunocytochemistry, and expression of molecular markers for myoblasts was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. For in vivo muscle regeneration, MYOD transduced hAFS cells were injected into left tibialis anterior (TA) muscles injured with cardiotoxin, and muscle regeneration was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin, immunocytochemistry and formation of neuro-muscular junction.

Results

MYOD expression in hAFS cells successfully induced differentiation into multinucleated myotube-like cells. Consistently, significant expression of myogenic marker genes, such as MYOG, DES, DMD and MYH, was induced by MYOD. Analysis of pre-myogenic factors showed that expression of PAX3, MEOX1 and EYA2 was significantly increased by MYOD. MYOD was phosphorylated and localized in the nucleus. These results suggest that in hAFS cells, MYOD is phosphorylated and localized in the nucleus, thus inducing expression of myogenic factors, resulting in myogenic differentiation of hAFS cells. To test regenerative potential of MYOD-transduced hAFS cells, we transplanted them into injured muscles of immunodeficient BALB/cSlc-nu mice. The results showed a substantial increase in the volume of TA muscle injected with MYOD-hAFS cells. In addition, TA muscle tissue injected with MYOD-hAFS cells has more numbers of neuro-muscular junctions compared to controls, indicating functional restoration of muscle injury by MYOD-hAFS cells.

Conclusions

Collectively, our data suggest that transduction of hAFS cells with MYOD lentiviruses induces skeletal myogenic differentiation in vitro and morphological and functional regeneration of injured muscle in vivo.
Yeast RAD2, a homolog of human XPG, plays a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle and actin dynamics
Authors: Kang Mi-Sun , Yu Sung-Lim , Kim Ho-Yeol , Gorospe Choco Michael , Choi Byung Hyune , Lee Sung Haeng , Lee Sung-Keun
Published: December 2013

Mutations in the human XPG gene cause Cockayne syndrome (CS) and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Transcription defects have been suggested as the fundamental cause of CS; however, defining CS as a transcription syndrome is inconclusive. In particular, the function of XPG in transcription has not been clearly demonstrated. Here, we provide evidence for the involvement of RAD2, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae counterpart of XPG, in cell cycle regulation and efficient actin assembly following ultraviolet irradiation. RAD2 C-terminal deletion, which resembles the XPG mutation found in XPG/CS cells, caused cell growth arrest, the cell cycle stalling, a defective α-factor response, shortened lifespan, cell polarity defect, and misregulated actin-dynamics after DNA damage. Overexpression of the C-terminal 65 amino acids of Rad2p was sufficient to induce hyper-cell polarization. In addition, RAD2 genetically interacts with TPM1 during cell polarization. These results provide insights into the role of RAD2 in post-UV irradiation cell cycle regulation and actin assembly, which may be an underlying cause of XPG/CS.
Differential expression of the FMRF gene in adult and hatchling stellate ganglia of the squid Loligo pealei
Authors: Burbach J. Peter H. , Grant Philip , Hellemons Anita J. C. G. M. , Degiorgis Joseph A. , Li Ka Wan , Pant Harish C.
Published: December 2013

The giant fiber system of the squid Loligo pealei mediates the escape response and is an important neurobiological model. Here, we identified an abundant transcript in the stellate ganglion (SG) that encodes a FMRFamide precursor, and characterized FMRFamide and FI/LRF-amide peptides. To determine whether FMRFamide plays a role in the adult and hatchling giant fiber system, we studied the expression of the Fmrf gene and FMRFamide peptides. In stage 29 embryos and stage 30 hatchlings, Ffmr transcripts and FMRFamide peptide were low to undetectable in the SG, in contrast to groups of neurons intensely expressing the Fmrf gene in several brain lobes, including those that innervate the SG. In the adult SG the Fmrf gene was highly expressed, but the FMRFamide peptide was in low abundance. Intense staining for FMRFamide in the adult SG was confined to microneurons and fibers in the neuropil and to small fibers surrounding giant axons in stellar nerves. This shows that the Fmrf gene in the SG is strongly regulated post-hatching, and suggests that the FMRFamide precursor is incompletely processed in the adult SG. The data suggest that the SG only employs the Fmrf gene post-hatching and restricts the biosynthesis of FMRFamide, demonstrating that this peptide is not a major transmitter of the giant fiber system. This contrasts with brain lobes that engage FMRFamide embryonically as a regulatory peptide in multiple neuronal systems, including the afferent fibers that innervate the SG. The biological significance of these mechanisms may be to generate diversity within Fmrf-expressing systems in cephalopods.
Introduction of a Disulfide Bond as a Key Element of Acyclic Bis-Thiourea-Type Anion Receptors
Authors: Tomita Kentaro , Ishioka Toshio , Harata Akira
Published: December 2013

This article shows that a difference in the building blocks of the molecular framework, C–C to S–S, results in a significant influence on its optical properties. Acyclic anion receptors, bis{2-[3-(substituted)thioureido]ethyl} disulfides were newly synthesized, and their optical properties in response to complex formation with an acetate ion were compared with those of a hexamethylene framework between two thioureido groups. Quantum chemical calculations suggested that receptors fold their molecular framework around disulfide because of the presence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between two N,N′-disubstituted thioureas. The complex of the receptor and the acetate ion with 1:1 stoichiometry consists of the coordination of two thioureido groups to the acetate via hydrogen bonds. This complex formation is accompanied by a dissociation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and rotation of one side of the thioureido group. These circumstances of conformational changes in the molecular framework functioned by switching on and off the excimer fluorescence of the 1-pyrenylmethyl derivative.
Synthesis and Properties of a Through-space-conjugated Dimer
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Kawakami Naoya , Nakano Tatsuya , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: December 2013

We describe the synthesis and energy-transfer characteristics of a [2.2]paracyclophane-based through-space-conjugated dimer consisting of two stacked π-electron systems. Photoexcited energy transfer by the Förster mechanism from the donor to acceptor π-electron systems occurred efficiently (energy-transter efficiency: ΦET > 0.999) with a rate constant (kET) of 1012 s−1.
On Digital Cluster Instruments Using Lattice LCD
Authors: Hua Fang , Yuanliang Pan , Zhenjiang Wang
Published: December 2013

With the vehicle technology development, vehicle cluster becomes a moving intelligent and information terminal. More and more functions are added into vehicle cluster. Traditional cluster can't meet this requirement anymore. Cluster under MCU control is one good solution for this development trend. In this paper, it describes the development of digital cluster, including LCD drawing algorithm and information interaction methods and its application.
Improved Selective Segmentation Model Using One Level-Set
Authors: Rada Lavdie , Chen Ke
Published: December 2013

Variational segmentation models have proven to be extremely efficient for segmenting and tracking boundaries and in most cases all of the boundaries in an image. Such models are for global segmentation. For a large class of image segmentation tasks where only one object is required to be extracted automatically, global models cannot deliver the solution and we need selective segmentation techniques.

In this paper, we propose a novel, variational and single level-set function for the selective segmentation task. The model is much faster to implement than the previously dual level set model by Rada-Chen [29] by having the same efficiency and reliability. In comparing with interactive image segmentation algorithm of Nguyen-Cai-Zhang-Zheng method [2], our model shows some improvement in some cases. Several new ideas are incorporated in this new work: i) the distance function is only needed optionally and its inclusion does not affect the result; ii) an adaptive parameter is introduced in the edge detection function; iii) a new area-based fitting term is added to enhance the model's reliability (different from the idea of minimizing the area of the object). We develop an additive operator splitting method for solving the resulting Euler-Lagrange equation.

Test results show that the new model finds the desired local boundaries successfully in various challenging cases and indeed it is not much dependent on the prior information of markers or the distance function based on them. More importantly, the new model gives an overall improvement over the previous models and can be recommended for selective segmentation.
Ultimate Strength of Uniaxially Compressed Mild Steel Plate at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Raja V. , Kumar M. , Jayabalan P.
Published: December 2013

Mild steel plates used in buildings and offshore platforms are prone to fire accidents. These plates being ductile are designed effectively for buckling and ultimate strength characteristics under static loads. These characteristics get drastically affected due to reduction in stiffness of the stress strain characteristics of mild steel with increase in temperatures. This paper presents a numerical study conducted on clamped plates at elevated constant temperature for the assessment of reduced buckling and ultimate strengths. Coupled Nonlinear static thermal analysis on clamped plates was performed using standard FE software ANSYS®. Both geometric and material nonlinearities are considered in the analysis. The study comprises of plates with varying aspect ratio (1 to 4) and breadth to thickness (28 to 128) at constant elevated temperatures of 0 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. Nondimensional plate slenderness ratios based on AISC and Eurocode at elevated temperature was evaluated. Several charts showing normalised buckling stress vs temperature and normalised ultimate strength vs temperature for varied nondimensional plate slenderness ratio and plate aspect ratios are drawn. The buckling and ultimate strengths from this study are found to be underestimated in comparison to Eurocode and AISC calculations. The reduction in buckling and ultimate strength was found to be significant beyond 400 °C. It is observed that for all plate aspect ratios, the effect of plate breadth to thickness ratio is important for temperatures below 500°C and at 800°C ultimate strength of plate is only about 10% of that of at normal temperature.
The Reconstruction of the Antikythera Mechanism
Authors: Efstathiou M. , Basiakoulis A. , Efstathiou K. , Anastasiou M. , Boutbaras P. , Seiradakis J.H.
Published: December 2013

The construction of the original model of the Antikythera Mechanism is placed during the 2nd century B.C. It is the first device of the human history in which gears are used, with the form that are used in modern applications. Incorporating the most recent findings that came to light, a new design study is attempted in this paper, following an engineering approach. Final purpose is the construction of Antikythera Mechanism's replicas as close to the prototype as possible. The models and their several parts were designed parametrically, using modern 3D CAD systems, intending to a geometrically flexible final output. The related geometries among the parts are constrained to each other. Prior to the construction, the simulation of the movement of the different parts in the assembly and the operational check took place. Finally, the manufacturing designs are generated so as for the last part of the design study to take place, which is the manufacture of the model. With the approach that was followed in every step of the study, the derived models are some of the most consistent constructed models yet, by means of form, dimensioning, material, assembling and inscriptions that brings on their plates.
A GIS Modeling of Prehistoric Site Distribution in the Sarfirouzabad Plain of Kermanshah, Northwestern Iran
Authors: Niknami Kamal Aldin , Askarpour Vahid
Published: December 2013

The Sarfirouzabad survey project of 2009 in the Kermanshah Province of Iran was aimed at obtaining a reliable overview of the occurrence of archaeological sites across the area. Many sites in the area are under threat of economic development projects and erosion by changing land use practices. As the area plays an important role in the archaeology of Iran, a protection program essentially has to be developed. This study was mainly concerned with the Landscape Archaeology in general and reconstruction of Prehistoric archaeological settlement patterns in particular in Central Zagros. The primary aim of this project which combined a set of digital archaeological methods was to improve understanding of settlement system and land organization of prehistoric period and ultimately the human behavior behind this aspect of settlement system. Another main priority was to display graphically cultural resources of a functional or temporal class in relation to environmental features which provides cultural heritage manager with the necessary tools to locate and manage known cultural heritage and can enable them to protect archaeologically or culturally significant sites.
Underwater Photogrammetry for Archaeology. What Will Be the Next Step?
Authors: Drap Pierre , Merad Djamel , Mahiddine Amine , Seinturier Julien , Peloso Daniela , Boï Jean-Marc , Chemisky Bertrand , Long Luc
Published: December 2013

Since 1973 archaeology and computer science have developed close ties in Marseille. Two departments (computer science and archaeology) from the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Marseille started working together and laid the cornerstone of the Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) community. Marseille also has the advantage of being located in a very interesting place on the Mediterranean Sea and being the home to several famous laboratories, such as the French Cultural Heritage Department (DRASSM) or private companies like COMEX. In 1980 they performed a series of explorations of a deep-sea wreck with the help of COMEX and DRASSM. In this paper we present new advances in underwater photogrammetry for archaeology based on forty years of experience. The survey described in this article does not only discuss the acquisition of 3D points in difficult conditions but also linking archaeological knowledge to the surveyed geometry. This approach needed to combine automatic data processing and offered the opportunity to experts, archaeologists, to insert knowledge in the process. After an historical introduction on computer science and archaeology, we will present related work in underwater archaeology. The last section is dedicated to two recent experiments in Marseille, based on recent developments in automatic photogrammetry: a World War II plane wreck and a ship from the beginning of the XX century, surveyed using both acoustic and optical sensors.
Top Secret Topographies: Recovering Two and Three-Dimensional Archaeological Information from Historic Reconnaissance Datasets Using Image-Based Modelling Techniques
Authors: Sevara Christopher
Published: December 2013

Historic aerial reconnaissance photographs are a valuable resource for archaeological and other landscape-oriented research. However, they are often difficult to access and convert into useable geospatial datasets. This article outlines a workflow for producing georeferenced two and three-dimensional data products from a range of historic frame camera imagery for use in GIS environments using readily available cost-effective computer vision based techniques. These techniques are highly automated and thus more accessible to non-specialist users, and are often able to recover meaningful, useable data from imagesets which can be difficult to process using traditional photogrammetric techniques. This approach is demonstrated on a number of historical datasets which cover the Kreuttal region of Lower Austria, an archaeologically rich area which contains traces of human occupation and land-use from the Neolithic to the Modern Historic periods. WWII Allied reconnaissance aerial photographs and declassified imagery intelligence data from the US Government HEXAGON program are processed using these techniques and the resulting orthophotograph mosaics and historic digital elevation models are analysed against high-accuracy reference datasets of known quality. In addition to obviating some of the difficulties inherent in processing historic imagery, this approach also demonstrates that historic remote sensing images can be put to novel uses that far exceed their intended purposes.
Ruined Archeological Heritage. Survey, 3D Modeling, Virtual Anastylosis
Authors: Agnello Fabrizio , Cannella Mirco
Published: December 2013

The study focuses on the use of 3D surveying and digital representation tools for the purpose of documenting archaeological monuments whose restoration involves the disassembly and repositioning of blocks. The case study in question is a building at the west end of the San Biagio archaic sanctuary, located within the archaeological site of Agrigento.

The monument is a rectangular building encompassing two pools, whose foundations are suffering from deep decay and there are large spaces between the walls which have become disconnected. Surveying and 3D modelling have been used to illustrate the existing state of the building. Plans, sections and orthophotos have been created to support the indexing of ashlars and to evaluate the structural decay. A 3D model of the most dilapidated part of the building, the north-eastern corner, has been constructed in order to document the direction of the ashlars and where they are positioned in relation to each other. Finally, a restoration model of this building been built.
Regulation of Cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) by small molecule inhibitor for c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinases (JNKs), SP600125, in Human Fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells
Authors: Khanna Anchit
Published: December 2013

Background: Protein phosphatase 2A inhibition is one of the pre-requisites for human cell transformation. Previously, we have identified an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A, CIP2A (Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A) in human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080) using tandem affinity purification. CIP2A over expression has been demonstrated in almost every tumour type studied so far. However, our understanding on the mechanisms regulating CIP2A expression in human cancers, especially in sarcomas, is still emerging. 

Methods:  Human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells were treated with small molecule inhibitors against the three major signalling pathways, namely p38, MEK and JNK pathways to identify the pathway regulating CIP2A expression in the sarcoma cells. This was followed by verification of the results using small interfering RNAs (siRNA) for the kinases. 

Results:  In line with previous observations, small molecule inhibitor for MEK pathway (PD98059) decreased CIP2A mRNA and protein expression. Interestingly, small molecule inhibitor for the JNK pathway, SP600125 decreased mRNA and protein levels of CIP2A oncoprotein with negligible effect of SB203580 (p38 kinase) inhibitor on CIP2A expression in HT1080 cells. However, siRNAs specific to either JNK1 or JNK2 kinases did not result in decrease in CIP2A expression. Contrarily, two different CIP2A siRNAs, which were used as positive controls, decreased JNK2 expression in HT1080 cells. 

Conclusion: Although it is well established that SP600125 inhibits JNK kinases, it has also been shown to inhibit a spectra of other kinases. SP600125 inhibits CIP2A protein expression both in time and concentration dependent manner. However, depletion of both JNK1 and JNK2 kinases using specific siRNAs fails to decrease CIP2A protein expression levels, thereby indicating the need to verify the results obtained by treatment with small molecular inhibitors of kinases by independent approaches like two different target specific siRNAs. Finally, fortuitously we identify JNK2 as a CIP2A downstream target in HT1080 cells.
MANAGEMENT SCHEME OF OPERATIONAL RISKS IN A BASIS SYSTEM OF RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: Соколов Дмитрий , Sokolov Dmitriy , Барчуков Алексей , Barchukov Alyeksyey
Published: December 2013

A basis system of risk management described in the article

can be adapted for business activity special aspects of organization’s

territorial and structural business units for construction of private

systems of management. The authors offer Management scheme of

operational risks.
THE RISK CLASSIFICATION OF REAL INVESTMENT IN THE INDUSTRY
Authors: Галетов Иван , Galetov Ivan , Мкртумян Нина , Mkrtumyan Nina
Published: December 2013

The article cites the classification of the risk of real investment,

which will help facilitate the decision-making process.
APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF BALANCED SCORECARD LOGISTICS ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Саплина Татьяна , Saplina Tatyana , Курлыкова Анна , Kurlykova Anna
Published: December 2013

Review and critical analysis of approaches to the formation

of balanced scorecard of logistics activity have been presented in the

article. The algorithm of choice of balanced scorecard logistics activity

of the enterprise has been offered.
The Development of the Payment Services Market in Russia: Regional Aspect
Authors: Заернюк Виктор , Zaernyuk Viktor
Published: December 2013

The article discusses the impact of the compact group of intensive-production-linked cities on the institutional and technological infrastructure of organizations that provide payment services to the population, enterprises and organizations in the Central Federal District of Russia. It is hypothesized that the presence of economic prospects for a particular region is reflected in the positive or negative expectations of financial agents, which serves to attract their divisions and technology infrastructure into the region in question, and has a positive impact on the future increase in production and in accessibility of banking services. The author concludes that it was the proximity to Moscow that helped to draw high finance and labor to the Moscow region, making the development of the Central Federal District banking infrastructure take its own individual course.
Problems and Prospects of Hotel Business Development in Russia
Authors: Зайцева Наталия , Zaitseva Nataliya
Published: December 2013

In the article the author presents her conclusions drawn as a result of a research into the major internal and external environment factors affecting hotel business development in Russia. The author assesses the level of factor and identifies the ultimate challenges and impediments.
Methodological Approaches to Tourist Cluster Development
Authors: Морозова Любовь , Morozova Lyubov , Большаков Алексей , Bolshakov Aleksey
Published: December 2013

The article provides a review, a comparison-and-collation and a systematization of methodological approaches conventionally taken in the context of tourist cluster design and development. Furthermore, the authors lay down rules and recommendations concerning the methods and techniques of tourist cluster design and development.
The Political Value of Linguistic Frequency Analysis
Authors: Хроменков Павел , Khromenkov Pavel
Published: December 2013

The articles studies the phenomenon of conflict as reflected in the current information area as a system. The author employs qualitative content analysis techniques to substantiate the idea of global controllability of the information stream content, and reveals the conflict-provoking potential of an increased use of conflict vocabulary.
An action research project on the use of Facebook in an undergraduate visual communication study unit
Authors: Souleles Nicos
Published: December 2013

This article describes a technical action research project on how Facebook can be embedded in the structure of an undergraduate visual communication study unit. It identifies educational benefits as well as pitfalls, and how students perceive this Social Networking Site (SNS) as part of their teaching and learning process. Data was collected through an online questionnaire, content analysis of Facebook posts and a focus group. The limitations of this investigation relate to the generalizability of findings that are the result of action research. Students identified a range of educational benefits relating to peer-to-peer but also teacher-student support. Among the challenges were student attitudes and perceptions of what should or should not occur with the Facebook group when used for teaching and learning. This article provides a blueprint for the next cycle of the action research process, which can include specific refinements, but also needs to consider a number of challenges.
An instructional design for Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Revit in interior design curriculum
Authors: Asojo Abimbola O.
Published: December 2013

Current trends in integrated project design and delivery methods demand the development of new software competencies in interior design pedagogy. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has revolutionized visualization, preconstruction simulation, life cycle analysis, and enabled faster construction, thus promoting more sustainable integrated practices with a rich repertoire of building information available for the design team. This new tool presents opportunities for interior design educators to teach software and skills that are necessary to prepare students for integrated practice. This article discusses an instructional design approach of introducing BIM and Revit into the interior design curriculum at University of Minnesota. John Robert Anderson’s ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational) theory is utilized to guide students through the learning process. ACT-R theory focuses on three stages of skill acquisition: cognitive, associative and autonomous stages. These three stages present implications for teaching interior design students about BIM and Revit.
Revolt into style: Consumption and its (dis)contents in Valery Todorovsky’s film Stilyagi
Authors: Roberts Graham H.
Published: December 2013

A ‘rites of passage’ movie set in the USSR of the 1950s, Valery Todorovsky’s film Stilyagi (2008) tells the story of the transformation of the hero Mels from loyal member of the Komsomol to stilyaga. For many critics, Todorovsky’s stilyagi are the very embodiment of anti-conformism. And yet to read the film in this way is to overlook one of its key elements – consumption. For in order to acquire their clothes and other accessories, the stilyagi need money. Zooming in (literally) on the financial transactions that these young people engage in with such astonishing regularity, Todorovsky reminds us that without money, there can be no ‘style’, and consequently, no stilyagi. Seen in this light, the stilyagi are not at all subversive, but in fact highly conformist precursors of today’s post-soviet shoppers. It is this paradox at the heart of the stilyagi and their ‘revolt’ as presented by Todorovsky, which will be the subject of our article.
Common ground for community music and music education
Authors: Coffman Don
Published: December 2013

Can community music’s practices translate into the music teachers’ classroom? This article discusses the preparation of music teachers and community musicians while speculating about the potential benefits of online instruction. The first section contrasts fundamental distinctions between community music and music education, followed by an analysis of existing master’s degrees in community music and music education. The final section examines the potential collaboration of community music and music education through online education programmes.
Playing outside the generational square: The intergenerational impact of adult group music learning activities on the broader community
Authors: Sattler Graham
Published: December 2013

This article discusses the theme of intergenerational impact as it emerged during a study tour of adult learner communities in North America, carried out during March and April of 2011. Data was collected via observation, interviews and questionnaires, to provide a degree of international perspective to a broader ethnographic project investigating sociocultural development through ensemble music programmes in identifiable, marginalized, communities in Australia. The five-week tour involved observation of 31 ensembles, comprising several hundred learners and ensemble directors, spread across nine communities in Ontario, New York State, Washington State, Arizona and California. The study tour was facilitated by a New Horizons International Music Association (NHIMA) fellowship, and the participating communities were all members or affiliates of the NHIMA. Utilizing the theoretical framework of Lee Higgins’ community as an act of hospitality, the article focuses on five emergent examples of social development with effects crossing generational boundaries, with findings indicating a growing trend in mentor-based social change within communities embracing group adult music learner programmes.
Proceso de selección de los centros de prácticas de trabajo social: instrumento de sistematización y objetivación
Authors: Mosteiro Pascual Amaia , Beloki Marañón Usue , Sobremonte Mendicuti Emma
Published: December 2013

En este artículo se presenta el instrumento diseñado por el equipo responsable de Prácticas Externas del grado en Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Deusto para la valoración de la idoneidad de los centros de prácticas como receptores de nuestro alumnado. La construcción del instrumento se ha llevado a cabo a través de grupos de discusión entre docentes de trabajo social y profesionales con amplia experiencia en la formación de alumnado en prácticas en sus centros. Su diseño se inicia con el objetivo de identificar los elementos clave para asegurar la calidad en la elección de los centros de prácticas. Tomando como referencia el conocimiento y la experiencia acumulada de los agentes implicados en la formación práctica del alumnado, el instrumento incorpora y pondera las dimensiones identificadas a fin de reducir la variabilidad que conlleva su valoración subjetiva. Pretende igualmente ser una herramienta útil para la toma de decisiones en situaciones en las que se ha de valorar un eventual cambio de centro. Consideramos que el diseño de instrumentos de esta naturaleza permitirá mejorar la praxis docente y, en definitiva, incrementar la calidad de las prácticas externas mediante el trabajo conjunto con los centros de prácticas.
Atribución y sus límites: atributo, predicativo y complemento de modo
Authors: Cifuentes Honrubia José Luis
Published: December 2013

En este trabajo analizamos los límites entre distintas construcciones (atributo, predicativo y complemento de modo), y demostraremos que existe un continuo entre las mismas, a la vez que señalaremos las pautas sintácticas y semánticas que rigen su funcionamiento y sus interferencias. Demostraremos también que los sintagmas preposicionales pueden funcionar como predicativos descriptivos al estar marcados gramaticalmente con diversas pautas de funcionamiento.
El concepto estadounidense de “éxito” frente a su homónimo español: dos visiones sociológica, semántica y etimológicamente diferentes
Authors: Raluy Alonso Ángel
Published: December 2013

Este artículo pretende demostrar la afirmación de que el sustantivo success (“éxito”), tal y como se utiliza en los Estados Unidos, es cultural y lingüísticamente muy diferente al sustantivo éxito en español. La traducción literal a menudo es incapaz de reflejar la inmensa pluralidad semántica del concepto norteamericano y tiende, por ende, a caer en la parodia simplista por parte del hispanohablante que lo asocia al materialismo e individualismo estadounidense. Desde la etnolingüística, la etimología, la semántica y la lexicografía comprobaremos la falta de equivalencia cognitiva de los dos términos, sus divergentes connotaciones en la lengua y en último término su diferente contextualización en la memoria psicológica cultural de los dos grupos de hablantes.
La dislocación a la izquierda en el discurso escrito
Authors: Sedano Mercedes
Published: December 2013

En este artículo se estudia el funcionamiento en el discurso escrito de la construcción denominada dislocación a la izquierda (DI), ilustrada en a este hombre lo veo bailando frecuentemente. Pragmáticamente, la DI está formada por un tópico (a este hombre) y una cláusula, considerada el comentario sobre el tópico (lo veo bailando frecuentemente), que contiene una copia (lo) de éste. El corpus consta de 204 casos de DI encontrados en dos novelas de escritores españoles publicadas este siglo. Los parámetros estudiados son el tipo de información transmitida por el tópico, y las funciones discursivas de la DI. Los resultados más relevantes indican, por un lado, que el tópico suele contener información evocada –aunque también hay casos de información inferible e incluso nueva– y, por el otro, que entre las principales funciones discursivas de la DI está la que he denominado facilitadora del adecuado procesamiento del discurso, relacionada con la función simplificadora de Prince (1997), así como la de continuidad temática.
Esbozo del estudio de las funciones semántico-pragmáticas de ya
Authors: Wilk-Racięska Joanna
Published: December 2013

El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar brevemente las causas semánticas de las funciones discursivas que el adverbio ya puede desempeñar en el discurso. Para ello utilizaremos los instrumentos de la lingüística cultural (Palmer 2000; Wilk-Raci?ska 2007, 2012) - una teoría de carácter multidimensional que permite estudiar las lenguas naturales desde diferentes perspectivas (semántica, pragmática, cognitiva, etc.). En concreto, la base de nuestro estudio será la definición de la descomposición semántica y la definición del aspecto, ambas propuestas por la semántica intensional (Bogacki & Karolak, 1991). Estas herramientas nos permitirán explicar la naturaleza semántica del adverbio en cuestión. El paso siguiente será demostrar cómo la naturaleza semántica de ya condiciona las posibilidades de perfilar (Langacker, 1991, 2000; Fauconnier, 1994; Delbecque, 2006) los elementos de su estructura semántica permitiendo de este modo sus diferentes papeles semántico-pragmáticos (Martín Zorraquino y Portolés, 1999; Piñero y Díaz, 2009).
La Cultura de la Participación
Authors: Aparici Roberto , Osuna-Acedo Sara
Published: December 2013

La cultura de la participación implica modelos de comunicación horizontales donde las relaciones de poder proporcionan a cada individuo la posibilidad de intercambiar puntos de vista, expresar ideas, comentarios, experiencias así como trabajar colaborativamente. Esta cultura de la participación implica pensar y desarrollar una cultura de la comunicación que supere los modelos heredados de las teorías funcionalistas. La Web 2.0, en general, y las redes sociales, en particular, son los escenarios adecuados para la participación que ponen en juego los principios de la inteligencia colectiva, la intercreatividad y la arquitectura de la participación. En este escenario de la Web 2.0 se construye un ecosistema infocomunicativo que modifica todas las reglas tradicionales sobre audiencias. ¿Qué tipo de público son los públicos de la participación? ¿Qué tipo de interacciones establecen entre sí? ¿Cómo se participa y qué calidad de participación se establece?. La ciudadanía, para Manuel Castells (1998) es una gran mente interactuante o una webactora en términos de Pisani y Piotet (2009) con capacidad para crear dentro del espacio digital su propia información y su propio estilo comunicativo. Esta ciudadanía digital participa en los escenarios virtuales dejando su huella y su rastro a modo de identidad digital. La cultura de la participación implica relaciones que permiten compartir, resolver problemas, desarrollar tareas, construir conjuntamente conocimiento y desarrollar canales de comunicación dinámicos. Esta cultura de la participación aplicada a contextos educativos permite crear oportunidades de aprendizaje y diversificar en los social media un mayor poder de la ciudadanía como usuaria digital.
Explaining variation in the multiplicity of private social and environmental regulation: a multi-case integration across the coffee, forestry and textile sectors
Authors: Turcotte Marie-France , Reinecke Juliane , den Hond Frank
Published: December 2013

Amid concerns for a regulatory void in transnational fields, the principle of private regulation has become institutionalized. Many sectors have seen the emergence of multiple and overlapping standards. When comparing the sectors, there is considerable variation in standard multiplicity. We build on three institutional perspectives that have been put forward to explain the emergence of sustainability standards – the economic, idealist and political-institutional perspectives – to analyze the phenomenon of standard multiplicity. Each perspective reflects a different kind of action logic and is simultaneously present and accessible to various parties involved. Based on a cross-sector analysis of standards multiplicity in the forestry, coffee and textile sectors, this article seeks to make two contributions. First, whereas these three perspectives have been presented as competing, we propose that they are complementary in offering partial explanations for different episodes in the dynamics underlying standards multiplicity in different sectors. Second, whereas most studies have analyzed standard setting in single sectors and thus have understood it as being an intra-sector phenomenon, our cross-sector analysis of the dynamics of standard setting suggests that it is propelled by both sector-specific contingencies and experiences as well as by the experiences from other sectors.
New Exact Solutions for an Oldroyd-B Fluid with Fractional Derivatives: Stokes' First Problem
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Khan Najeeb Alam , Imran Muhammad Asjad
Published: December 2013

The first problem of Stokes for an incompressible Oldroyd-B fluid with fractional derivatives is studied using Fourier sine and Laplace transforms. The solutions that have been obtained, unlike the known solutions from the literature, are presented as a sum between the Newtonian solutions and the non-Newtonian contributions. The non-Newtonian contributions, as expected, tend to zero for α = β and λ → λ
r
. Furthermore, the solutions for ordinary Oldroyd-B, fractional and ordinary Maxwell, fractional and ordinary second grade fluid, performing the same motion, are also obtained as limiting cases of general solutions. The present solution for ordinary Oldroyd-B and second grade fluids are verified by comparison with the previously well known results. Finally, the influence of material and fractional parameters on the fluid motion, as well as a comparison among fractional Oldroyd-B, fractional Maxwell, fractional second grade and Newtonian fluids, is also analyzed by graphical illustrations.
The use of waste rubber in natural rubber in the presence of maleic anhydride-grafted natural rubber (MA-g-NR): study on curing, rheology, morphology, and properties of the blend
Authors: Nematollahi Mahsa , Jalali-Arani Azam
Published: December 2013

The direct incorporation of ground tire rubber (GTR) as a waste rubber into a virgin polymer matrix causes a remarkable reduction in its mechanical and performance properties. In this work, maleic anhydride-grafted natural rubber (MA-g-NR) was employed as a compatibilizer to improve the interaction between a natural rubber (NR) matrix and GTR. The effect of MA-g-NR on curing characteristics, rheological behavior, morphology, and performance properties of the NR-GTR blend was studied using an oscillating disk rheometer, rheomechanical spectroscopy (RMS), scanning electron microcopy (SEM), and tensile and abrasion testing. The obtained results by RMS and SEM tests revealed better adhesion between NR and GTR in the presence of MA-g-NR. Using up to 8 parts of MA-g-NR caused an increase in the curing rate index, and a remarkable increase in mechanical properties and abrasion resistance was observed, which was comparable to or even better than the virgin vulcanizate.
Gli italianismi nei testi turchi in trascrizione
Authors: Rocchi Luciano
Published: December 2013

Several studies on Italian elements in Turkish have been published so far, the first ones dating back to the end of the 19th century. Most of them, however, simply present lists of words, possibly accompanied by some etymological discussion, without considering the historical dimension. This paper, instead, aims to research on Italianisms in Turkish from the historical-lexicographical viewpoint, taking into account the category of the so-called transcription texts, namely texts written in scripts different from the traditional Arabic-Ottoman one. Such texts not only usually allow a better examination of phonetic features of words but also often supply invaluable lexical data. Our research is based upon the material provided by 32 Turkish texts written in Latin script, ranging from the 16th to the 18th century. The structure of the entries is as follows: the Italian etymon, the Turkish data in chronological order (each with its date of occurrence) and, if opportune, a short commentary.
Dysfunctional Astrocytic and Synaptic Regulation of Hypothalamic Glutamatergic Transmission in a Mouse Model of Early-Life Adversity: Relevance to Neurosteroids and Programming of the Stress Response
Authors: Gunn Benjamin G. , Cunningham Linda , Cooper Michelle A. , Corteen Nicole L. , Seifi Mohsen , Swinny Jerome D. , Lambert Jeremy J. , Belelli Delia
Published: December 2013

Adverse early-life experiences, such as poor maternal care, program an abnormal stress response that may involve an altered balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals. Here, we explored how early-life stress (ELS) affects excitatory and inhibitory transmission in corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)-expressing dorsal-medial (mpd) neurons of the neonatal mouse hypothalamus. We report that ELS associates with enhanced excitatory glutamatergic transmission that is manifested as an increased frequency of synaptic events and increased extrasynaptic conductance, with the latter associated with dysfunctional astrocytic regulation of glutamate levels. The neurosteroid 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (5α3α-THPROG) is an endogenous, positive modulator of GABAAreceptors (GABAARs) that is abundant during brain development and rises rapidly during acute stress, thereby enhancing inhibition to curtail stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. In control mpd neurons, 5α3α-THPROG potently suppressed neuronal discharge, but this action was greatly compromised by prior ELS exposure. This neurosteroid insensitivity did not primarily result from perturbations of GABAergic inhibition, but rather arose functionally from the increased excitatory drive onto mpd neurons. Previous reports indicated that mice (dams) lacking the GABAAR δ subunit (δ0/0) exhibit altered maternal behavior. Intriguingly, δ0/0offspring showed some hallmarks of abnormal maternal care that were further exacerbated by ELS. Moreover, in common with ELS, mpd neurons of δ0/0pups exhibited increased synaptic and extrasynaptic glutamatergic transmission and consequently a blunted neurosteroid suppression of neuronal firing. This study reveals that increased synaptic and tonic glutamatergic transmission may be a common maladaptation to ELS, leading to enhanced excitation of CRF-releasing neurons, and identifies neurosteroids as putative early regulators of the stress neurocircuitry.
Diagnostic Value Underlies Asymmetric Updating of Impressions in the Morality and Ability Domains
Authors: Mende-Siedlecki Peter , Baron Sean G. , Todorov Alexander
Published: December 2013

While positive behavioral information is diagnostic when evaluating a person's abilities, negative information is diagnostic when evaluating morality. Although social psychology has considered these two domains as orthogonal and distinct from one another, we demonstrate that this asymmetry in diagnosticity can be explained by a single parsimonious principle—the perceived frequency of behaviors in these domains. Less frequent behaviors (e.g., high ability and low morality) are weighed more heavily in evaluations. We show that this statistical principle of frequency-derived diagnosticity is evident in human participants at both behavioral and neural levels of analysis. Specifically, activity in right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex increased preferentially when participants updated impressions based on diagnostic behaviors, and further, activity in this region covaried parametrically with the perceived frequency of behaviors. Activity in left ventrolateral PFC, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left superior temporal sulcus showed similar patterns of diagnosticity and sensitivity, though additional analyses confirmed that these regions responded primarily to updates based on immoral behaviors.
Stimulus Timing-Dependent Plasticity in Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus Is Altered in Tinnitus
Authors: Koehler Seth D. , Shore Susan E.
Published: December 2013

Tinnitus and cochlear damage have been associated with changes in somatosensory-auditory integration and plasticity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). Recently, we demonstratedin vivothat DCN bimodal plasticity is stimulus timing-dependent, with Hebbian and anti-Hebbian timing rules that reflectin vitrospike timing-dependent plasticity. In thisin vivostudy, we assessed the stimulus timing dependence of bimodal plasticity in a tinnitus model. Guinea pigs were exposed to a narrowband noise that produced a temporary elevation of auditory brainstem response thresholds. A total of 60% of the guinea pigs developed tinnitus as indicated by gap-induced prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle. After noise exposure and tinnitus induction, stimulus timing-dependent plasticity was measured by comparing responses to sound before and after paired somatosensory and auditory stimulation presented with varying intervals and orders. In comparison with Sham and noise-exposed animals that did not develop tinnitus, timing rules in verified tinnitus animals were more likely to be anti-Hebbian and broader for those bimodal intervals in which the neural activity showed enhancement. Furthermore, units from exposed animals with tinnitus were more weakly suppressed than either Sham animals or exposed animals without tinnitus. The broadened timing rules in the enhancement phase in animals with tinnitus, and in the suppressive phase in exposed animals without tinnitus was in contrast to narrow, Hebbian-like timing rules in Sham animals. These findings implicate alterations in DCN bimodal spike timing-dependent plasticity as underlying mechanisms in tinnitus, opening the way for a therapeutic target.