bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of NOx Emissions in RQL Gas Turbine Combustor
Authors: Yu Liang , Yuan Shu Sheng , Pang Zhi Bing , Wang Yun Liang
Published: June 2012

RNG (Renormalization Group) k-ε turbulent model was applied to the numerical simulation of turbulent mixing processes in the RQL gas turbine combustor, and SIMPLE algorithm was used to solve the finite difference equations. The calculated conclusions were used to analyze temperature distribution of the mixed flow field and near-wall region of the flow field, and then discuss the NOx emissions. The results show that the effect of the injector zone geometry and the jet to crossflow momentum flux ratios on the NOx emissions is obvious. The reasonable control of jet is beneficial to reduce the local high temperature area and is able to improve the distribution of the exit temperature. And then achieve the goal of reducing the environmental pollution.
Development of Coal Reaming Stress Analysis and Cutting Simulation System Based on VB
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zhang Peng , Wang Guo Xin
Published: June 2012

Based on VB platform, a stress redistribution and cutting simulation system of enlarging the hole of coal and rock is developed by using the computer technology, finite element analysis, the second development, combining with structure parameter selection and Object-Oriented Programming method as well as using VB to encapsulate ANSYS and writing APDL command to call the ANSYS calculation program. The soft provides a convenient parameters input and graphical interface, and has completed the preprocessor simulation solving of the model and analysis of the results. Even not capable of mastering the finite element theory and FEA soft, users can use the system to perform the stress analysis and simulation when enlarging the hole of coal and rock easily.
Tribological Behaviors of Polymer Based Composites under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Zhu Yan Ji , Qian Hui Juan , Wang Gui Ying , Wang Huai Yuan
Published: June 2012

In this paper, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based composites reinforced with various amounts of potassium titanate whiskers (PTWs) or short carbon fibers (CF) were designed and fabricated respectively. The friction and wear properties of PEEK and PTFE based composites sliding under rigorous alkaline were comparatively investigated. Also, the morphologies of the worn and counterpart surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Because of the stable tunnel crystal structure and frame structure micro-reinforcement capacity, PTWs show outstanding performances in increasing the wear resistance and reducing the friction coefficients of both PEEK and PTFE based composites under alkaline. However, CF leads to the degradation of wear resistance and the increase of friction coefficient of PEEK based composites under alkaline. Furrows and abrasive wear were the main mechanisms for CF/PTFE/PEEK and CF/PTFE composites sliding in alkali. The results show that PTW/PTFE composites exhibit higher wear resistance under lower load, while PTW/PTFE/PEEK composite is more suitable for higher load under alkaline condition. Owing to the primary cooling and boundary lubricating effects of alkali, the wear rates and friction coefficients of PTFE composites and PTW/PTFE/PEEK composites decreased obviously, though the transfer films onto the counterpart steel surface were hindered considerably.
Polymer Micro Hot Embossing with Bulk Metallic Glass Mold Insert
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Ma Jiang , Bai Ran , Li Qian , Sun Bing Li , Shen Chang Yu
Published: June 2012

Polymer microstructures are used more and more in many fields. Hot embossing is one of molding processing to achieve micro polymer components. In this paper, bulk metallic glass was selected as mold material to fabricate mold insert of micro hot embossing. Traditional UV-lithography and ICP-etching were used to achieve micro features on silicon wafer. And then, micro features were transferred from silicon wafer to bulk metallic glass mold insert above its glass transition temperature. Finally, applied bulk metallic glass mold insert to replicate polymer microstructure with hot embossing. Three commonly used thermoplastic polymers: high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polycarbonate (PC) were selected in this study. Experiments show that microstructures can have a good replication from bulk metallic glass mold insert to the thermoplastic polymer using hot embossing.
Vulnerability Assessment for Fire and Explosion Suppression Measures of Aircraft Fuel System
Authors: Li Jun , Yang Wei , Pei Yang
Published: June 2012

Fuel system is the most vulnerable system on fixed wing aircraft. When penetrated by threat propagators, it is liable to be damaged by combustion and explosion. Thus, fire/explosion suppression for fuel system are important measures to improve the aircrafts survivability. In this paper, the whole aircraft vulnerability model which consists of aircraft configuration, structure, and systems is constructed by CATIA software, the basic steps for vulnerability quantitative computation are descried, and the computing formulas of three kill modes are presented. The vulnerability of one aircraft before and after adopting fire/explosion suppression measures are analyzed. The results show that fire/explosion suppression measures can effectively decrease the aircrafts vulnerable area and kill probability.
Effects of Doping Si on the Preparation of Ternary Titanium Aluminum Carbide Powder by Pressureless Sintering
Authors: Wang Ping
Published: June 2012

Ternary titanium aluminum carbide powder was prepared by pressureless sintering at different temperature using elemental powder mixture of Ti, Al, and active carbon whose molar ratios was 3Ti/1.1Al/1.8C and effects of doping Si were discussed from 3.0Ti/1.0Al/0.1Si/1.8C and 3.0Ti/0.9Al/0.2S/1.8C. X-ray diffractions (XRD) patterns were used to detect the phase composition and scanning electron microscope (SEM) patterns were observed to investigate the microstructure of samples respectively. Results showed that Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2which had obvious layered structure were synthesized by pressureless sintering of 3Ti/1.1Al/1.8C at 1300°C-1500°C. However, the samples doping Si were made of Ti2AlC, Ti3AlC2and Ti3SiC2. When the amount of Si-doped increased and Al/Si decreased, the amount of Ti3AlC2and Ti3SiC2went up with Ti2AlC going down. Interestingly, the character of layered structure became unconspicuous at same temperature. Moreover, the mechanism that doping Si was not helpful to form Ti2AlC but Ti3AlC2was explained.
Development of High Performance Mid-Temperature Burnt Al2O3-ZrO2-C Slide Gates
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Hou Xing , Tong Ze Ming , Li Yan Ming
Published: June 2012

Slide gates are installed at the bottom of a ladle or tundish to control the flow of molten steel. It plays an important role in ladle refining process and continuous casting. Al2O3-ZrO2-C refractories are widely used as slide gate materials due to its excellent corrosion and thermal shock resistance. At the start of casting, molten steel almost 1600°C passes through the bore of slide gate, the plate is rapidly heated up, the temperature difference between the bore and edge part, the slide gates are subject to large thermal gradients, so there is large thermal stress in the plate. This paper will show the results of our improved slide gates with good thermal shock resistance.
Research of a Kind of New Intelligent Robot Hand Material
Authors: Zhang Li Jun , Zhao Yong Rui , Xiang Heng Fu
Published: June 2012

In order to further enhancing the ratio of load of the current intelligent industrial robot to its weight, and making the structure and movement of the intelligent robot develop rapidly toward the modularization, flexibility and reconfigurable mode, a kind of new-type intelligent robot hand material with high strength, light mass and large damping is proposed in the paper. The new composition material and its performance are also introduced and discussed in detail. Based on it, the specific preparation method and technology of the new-type composite material are given. The experimental results show that the weight of the intelligent robot hand material proposed in the paper can reduce by about 30% under the premise of ensuring the good strength of the intelligent robot hand.
Programme of Using Thorium Resources in China Nuclear Power Development
Authors: Lian Hai Bo
Published: June 2012

Thorium resources and foundation of using Thorium resources in china are introduced in this work, the influenced of using Thorium resources on nuclear power development is analyzed, and accordingly the programme of using Thorium resources and overall design programme of the advanced nuclear system TACR are bring forward.
Study on Properties of Modified Nano-ZnO/WPU Hybrid Material
Authors: Li Shu Cai , Wang Li Wei , Wang Jun Ying
Published: June 2012

Modified nanoZnO/WPU hybrid material was synthesized by three different ways in this paper, the effect of the addition method and content of modified nanoZnO on the hybrid material were discussed. The results showed that modified nanoZnO was added in polymerization process, the hybrid emulsion stability and the coating films mechanical strength all with excellent performance. The appropriate addition of nanoZnO modified by titanate coupling agent can improve the ultraviolet weatherproof, tensile strength, elongation at break even the abrasion resistance of the hybrid material. When modified nanoZnO content was 0.3%, the comprehensive performance of hybrid material was the best.
Study on Melt Grafting of MAH onto P(3HB-co-4HB)/PLA Blends
Authors: Zhang Zhao Zhe , Chen Chen , Zhao Long Hua
Published: June 2012

The melt grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydrox-ybutyrate)[P(3HB-co-4HB)]/polylactic acid (PLA) blends were carried out via reactive extrusion. The effects of the contents of MAH, initiator (BPO) on the graft ratio were studied. The effects of grafting modification on thermal properties, mechanical properties, fracture morphology and compatibility of P(3HB-co-4HB)/PLA blends were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), electronic universal testing machine and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) etc. The results showed that the graft ratio of blends increased to a maximum and then decreased with increasing contents of MAH and BPO; The tensile strength, impact strength of blends were significantly improved, and the graft ratio achieved the maximum value at 1.0phr MAH and 0.3phr BPO; Through analysis from DSC and SEM, it indicated that the compatibility of P(3HB-co-4HB)/PLA blends was improved effectively.
Review on the Current State of Developing of Advanced Creep Damage Constitutive Equations for High Chromium Alloy
Authors: An Li Li , Xu Qiang , Xu Dong Lai , Lu Zhong Yu
Published: June 2012

This paper presents a review of developing of creep damage constitutive equations for high chromium alloy (such as P91 alloy). Firstly, it briefly introduces the background of creep damage for P91 materials. Then, it summarizes the typical creep damage constitutive equations developed and applied for P91 alloy, and the main deficiencies of KRH (Kachanov-Robatnov-Hayhurst) type and Xus type constitutive equations. Finally it suggests the directions for future work. This paper contributes to the knowledge for the developing creep damage constitutive equations for the specific material.
Atomic Diffusion of Al and Si in Cu44.25Ag14.75Zr36Ti5 Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Yu Wei Yuan , Wang You Liang , Lu Wen Jiang
Published: June 2012

Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) has been adopted to study the diffusion of Al and Si in Cu44.25Ag14.75Zr36Ti5bulk metallic glass (BMG). It has been found that around the transition temperature of metallic glass, the relation between its diffusion coefficient and the temperature satisfy the same Arrhenius relation, which means the metallic transition has not caused change to the diffusion mechanism. In addition, the radius of Al atom is close to that of Si atom, but under the same temperature and time condition, the diffusion coefficient of Si atom in bulk metallic glass (BMG) is twice that of the Al atom, while there is not a big difference in diffusion activation energy. This is because as non-metallic element, the radius of Si atom has a strong binding force with the metal atoms in the base material, which also has a bigger diffusion coefficient.
Application for Fly Ash Concrete in Pavement Engineering
Authors: Huang Jin , Su Hua You
Published: June 2012

When the ordinary concrete is added to fly ash, the slump of concrete is increased and the workability and pumpability are also improved, which can meet the design requirement, reduce project costs, protect environment and save resources. Based on evaluation of the basic performance for raw materials of fly ash concrete, the improved mix design method for fly ash concrete is proposed. And then it is tested in practical project to verify the workability and feasibility and meanwhile some construction attentions are proposed. The results show that the fly ash can significantly improve the workability of cement concrete. The early strength of fly ash concrete is lower than ordinary concrete, but after 28 days, the compressive strength is similar with ordinary concrete, which provides a reference for design and construction of fly ash concrete.
A Constitutive Model for Collapsible Loess Material: II Application
Authors: Li Huan , Jia Jing Chao , Zhang Pan Hui , Yang Guo Bin , Su She Jiao
Published: June 2012

A constitutive model for collapsible loess material is presented. The numerical experiments indicate that this model can capture hydrocompaction behaviors of loess material under different water contents and pressures. The numerical results show good agreement with the laboratory tested collapsibility parameters of the loess material. The model is also applied to study a loess material-filled slope with height of 38m using FLAC5.0. The stability and the collapsibility deformation status of the loess slope are analyzed
Research on Vibration Energy Recovery of Base on EAPs
Authors: Liu Zhi Yun , E Shi Ju , Cao Jian Bo
Published: June 2012

In order to promote the efficient recovery of the vibration energy, to achieve the purpose that energy of vibration can be converted to electrical energy and implement the vibration energy recovery, the electroactive polymers (EAPs) were discussed and studied in this paper. The vibration power generation mechanism of EAPs and vibration system were theoretical analysed, a nonlinear technology (synchronized switch harvesting with inductor) was used in process of energy recovery. The experimental results showed that EAPs had good effect of the vibration energy conversion and nonlinear technology was more efficient than conventional technology in energy recovery.
Beneficiation of a Cassiterite-Polymetallic Sulphide Ore
Authors: Liu Si Qing , Zhang Min , Song Bao Xu , Wang Wan Ping
Published: June 2012

Situated in Honghe municipality China, Tianfang tin deposit is characterized by Cu-Sn polymetallic constituents. Due to the complex mineral composition in the ore, a joint process of flotation and gravity concentration was used to process the ore. Beneficiation results show that, a tin concentrate and a tin middlings can be obtained, assaying 37.12% Sn and 4.95% Sn at the recovery of 40.91% and 22.96% respectively; a copper concentrate assays 15.21% Cu at a recovery of 78.21%, when the raw material assays 0.42% Cu and 1.90% Sn.
Hydromechanical Analysis of Desilting Mechanism of Ecological Arc-Shaped Baffle Fishway
Authors: Cong Jing , Cui Di , Yu Fei , Wang Jia Yuan , Xie Li Quan
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we developed a new type of ecological Denil fishway installed with arc-shaped baffles which can split upstream flow to improve the flow condition for fish migration. In fact, the arc-shaped is based on architectonics theory and imitate the mechanism of architectonics.So it has good effectiveness. During the construction course, building materials can be used to improve efficiency.By setting water flow orifices near the V-shaped notch, the energy dissipation can be increased as result of the interaction between the water from the orifices and the water from the notch. The sand or other sediments accumulated on the fishway floor can be washed away by the flow through desilting orifices, meeting the requirement of purificating the fishway and providing a clear environment for fish species. Model tests were conducted to investigate the desilting capability of the ecological arc-shaped baffle fishway and the results agree well with the hydromechanical analysis.
Study on Corrosion Behaviour of Nickel Alloy in Acidic Environments
Authors: Zhang Fang , Pang Fei Fei , Gao Fan , Zhang Rui Feng , Deng Fen Fang
Published: June 2012

Abstract: Alloy 600 was studied in different acidic environments with three approaches including Tafel curve method, linear polarization method and AC impedance curve. Experimental results showed that there was greatest corrosion velocity when pH was 4 for preventing film factor; and it was possibly caused by elements corrosion dissolving with different proportional compared with Alloy 600 metallurgical contents.
Analysis of the Spillway Lining Cracks of Shuangquan Reservoir
Authors: Hu Liang Ming , Cao Ting , Li Yi Zhi
Published: June 2012

The main causes of the spillway lining cracks of Shuangquan reservoir are temperature difference and shrinkage of concrete. Through the analysis of the causes of the cracks, the maximum tensile stress formula and reasonable expansion joint distance formula of the influence of bedrock on spillway were established under the combined action of decrease of temperature and shrinkage. Taking an engineering project for example, it is proved that the calculated results using these formulas are matched with the measured data basically, which can provide design basis for controlling the cracks of reinforced concrete lining in similar project.
New Method for the Structural Calculation of Concrete Rainwater Infiltration Design in City District
Authors: Li Yi Zhi , Hu Liang Ming , Fan Si Yi
Published: June 2012

According to the shortage of common calculation methods-graphic and empirical formula method in city rainwater infiltration design calculation, a simple and feasible method called maximum method is proposed, then the detail description and comparison is given for the three kinds of calculation methods by a practical project. The calculation results have some difference between graphic method, maximum method and empirical formula method which has poor security. Maximum method and graphic method have the similar security, but maximum method makes the calculation simple by omitting a series of calculations and drawings. So, maximum method is recommended to calculate the rainwater infiltration design in city district.
Study on the Electricity Generation in Steel Production Concerning the Recovery of Waste Heat and Energy
Authors: Wang Jian Jun , Li Hong Juan , Meng Hua
Published: June 2012

A lot of energy resources such as coal, electricity and oils, are consumed during the steel production, and simultaneously a variety of waste heat and energy is produced. If most of the waste heat and energy can be recovered by the self-supply power plant and other generating devices, then the electricity consumed by the factory can be supplied by itself, which can be called the “autarky mode of electricity”. The autarky mode of electricity can improve the recovery of the waste heat and energy, and thus reduce the energy consumption of an iron & steel factory. Based on the BF-BOF steelmaking routes, the energy-flow models for the electricity generating with waste heat and energy are constructed. The autarky modes of electricity of the factories with different production scales are put forward, and the contribution of the mode to energy saving and economic benefits is analyzed.
Digital Recording of Ancient Buildings by Using VTOL UAVS and Building Materials
Authors: Li Yan
Published: June 2012

The survey of ancient buildings is complex work. Chinese wooden buildings, with their complex structure and exquisite decorations, pose a great challenge for survey work. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce unmanned-helicopter photogrammetry and laser scanning technology to facilitate the work. This paper uses three cases to explain the application of these new technologies in China’s architectural heritage protection and analyzes the special features and main operational techniques of the survey work.
Research on Carbon Steel Test Conducted by Means of Steady-Damp Heat Periodic Immersion Method
Authors: Li Dong Hao , Hu Jun , Li Ling Xia
Published: June 2012

After analyzing the hazards of steel corrosion, the accelerated steel corrosion test conducted by means of steady-damp heat periodic immersion method (artificial accelerated test) is briefly introduced, and the result of the test is analyzed. It is indicated by the test that, the steady-damp heat periodic immersion method could significantly accelerate the corrosion of steel, and there is a linear correlation shown between the corrosion rate and corrosion time of steel.
Settlement Research and Prediction on Soft Clay Foundation
Authors: Shi Xu Chao , Dong Yi Feng , Liu Yun
Published: June 2012

Soft clay can be found in many places around the country of China. Along with the rapid economic development in coastal areas, civil engineers could meet many soft soils. These settlements appear quickly and may continue for a long period of time due to the consolidation behavior. This paper investigates the deformation characteristics of soft clay foundation from trial dates. Support Vector Machine model is proposed to predict settlement of soft clay. The settlement forecasting show Support Vector Machine method has advantages in its simple structure excellent capability in studying and good application prospects. The results of this study proves the elasto-viscoplastic model rationality based on laboratory test and have shown the SVM approach has the potential to be a practical tool for predicting settlement of soft clay foundation.
Study on Negative Graphite Felt Electrode in the Lead Acid Flow Battery
Authors: Bi Xiao Guo , Liu Xu Dong , Niu Wei , Dong Ying Nan
Published: June 2012

This paper described the liquid flow battery system with graphite felt electrode and a single electrolyte, lead(II)in methanesulfonic acid. The kinetics behavior, cyclic voltammetry behavior and effects of treatment methods on kinetics behavior of Pb(II)/Pb couple were studied. The results show that the equilibrium electrode potential Pb(II)/Pb couple was -0.228V and the Pb(II)/Pb couple on graphite felt electrode had a good kinetics behavior. The cyclic voltammetry behavior of Pb(II)/Pb couple on graphite felt electrode was studied, and the oxidization and reduction peak potentials were -0.055V and -0.44V, respectively. The graphite felt treated with sulfuric acid had little oxidization and reduction peak potentials difference, and showed good electro-catalytic activity for Pb(II)/Pb couple.
Nickle Oxide Based Bulk Heterojunction Flexible Solar Cells
Authors: Lu Bing Juan , Sun Nan Hai , Li Ming Wei , Dong Hong Zheng
Published: June 2012

This paper presents an efficient flexible organic solar cell with room temperarure sputtered and highly conductive nickle oxide (NiO) thin film as hole transporting layer. The strcture of this kind of devices is PET/ITO/NiO/P3HT: PCBM [regioregular of poly (3-hexylthiophene):(6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester] /Al. On the study of characteristics of Nickle oxide thin film, such as sputtering temperature, thickness, and oxygen proportion, we found that NiO with 10 nm and sputtered at room temperature shows the best photovoltaic properties. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.26% and 2.5% were achieved on glass substrate and flexible substrate individually. The device photovoltaic properties were discussed in terms of the band diagrams and series resistance of the devices. Also the properties of nickle oxide thin film on different conditions were investigated too.
Chemical Intervention Combustion and Applications in Coal Saving and Reducing Emissions
Authors: Hu Da Wei , Wang Yan Min , Yu Ai Zhi
Published: June 2012

Coal as the world's most widely used fossil fuels, during the combustion process large amounts of greenhouse gas emission, which has a huge impact on global climate warming. However, coal is a nonrenewable resource, and the energy conservation is imperative. This paper, through analyzed the essential of coal combustion, and the feasibility and means for coal saving by using chemical intervention combustion. After tested the practical effects of chemical intervention coal combustion catalyst, which provided by Guangzhou Fenfang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. The results shown, the as received basis net calorific value at constant volume of the selected coal sample improved 8% which was tested by an oxygen bomb calorimeter, almost 1/6 sulfur was fixed in the cinder and the practical application coal saving effects in new dry rotary kilns and thermal power plants were more than 6%. Therefore, the chemical intervention combustion method has important significance in research and practical for coal saving and reducing emissions of pollutants.
Development and Simulation Using of Energy Saving Combustion Control System
Authors: Zhang Fei Fei , Guo Guo Liang , Sun Chun Shan , Liu Bao Zhu , Liu Zong Qi
Published: June 2012

A remotely controlled energy saving combustion control system is developed in this paper. The system includes three parts: upper computer, communication program between upper and lower computer, lower computer control program. Friendly human-machine interface is designed by Labview, which realizes the remote control of PLC; With Visual C, a standard dynamic link library is designed and debugged, by which the serial communication between PC and PLC can be realized; According to the scheme of air-fuel ratio, the control programs are achieved by PLC, which realizes energy saving combustion. The results of experiment in PLC experimental platform shows that the PC can effectively control the PLC .The scheme of air-fuel ratio is similar with the actual situation.
Online Electrovalency Formulating and Influence Factors Analysing of Photovoltaic Generation
Authors: Feng Qian , Zhao Pei Kun , Shi Hui Wei , Zhu Jiong , Tu Jie Lei
Published: June 2012

Photovaltaic power generation in the future world energy consumption will occupy an important position, not only to partially replace conventional energy sources, and will become the main energy supply. But at present, compared with conventional energy generation, photovoltaic electricity does not have a competitive advantage. So develop a reasonable electrovalency is the key to promote the healthy development of China’s photovoltaic industry. This paper use the net present value method of financial analysis to learn the generating capacity and investment cost of PV system combined with system’s characteristics and performance, discuss the unit cost of PV power and analyzed the impact of PV electricity price factors.
Improvement of Energy Consume from Hybrid Systems Integrating Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Dragomir Florin , Dragomir Otilia Elena
Published: June 2012

This article proposes a solution for smart grid technologies using renewable energy and has as main result the optimisation of energy generation and consum in a power system with distributed power generation from renewable resources, by designing and implementation an system platform for monitoring and transmission the message (phone via SMS) by consumers. This application make available to consumers real-time information about energy, giving them the opportunity to make smart choices, allowing them to reduce their monthly bills and carbon emissions, reducing also the demand during peak periods and allows a more efficient use of renewable energy resources.
Optimal Planning for Photovoltaic System Using a New Heuristic Method
Authors: Ling Jeeng Min , Khuong Anh Son
Published: June 2012

This paper presents an efficient and reliable evolutionary-based approach to solve the Optimal Planning of Photovoltaic (OPPV) system problem by considering the reliability requirement and economical performance. The shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) is a powerful approach for complex optimization problem, but its performance relies strongly on suitable model parameters. The proposed improved SFLA (ISFLA) shows explicit strategy to select proper values of parameters and improves local exploration to avoid being trapped in local optimal. Simulation results show that the ISFLA performs better compared with conventional SFLA and a simple genetic algorithm (GA).
Small Hydropower Risk Consequence Evaluation under Drought Conditions
Authors: Zheng Hao Yao , Sheng Jin Bao , Sun Wei Wei , Peng Xue Hui , Yang De Wei
Published: June 2012

This spring a serious drought has occurred in some areas of China, which has a great impact to Local production, living and economic development. For this severe problem, small hydropower risk consequence should be considered. AHP is used to determine each factor’s weight, and then establish small hydropower risk consequence valuation model by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The research shows that this model has a strong practical significance for risk consequence’s evaluation, providing technical support for small hydropower management under drought conditions.
The Design Analysis of Cold Storage Refrigeration System Heat Recovery Coupled Solar Auxiliary Heated Drying Device
Authors: Li Min , Guan Zhi Qiang , Jiang Xiao Qiang
Published: June 2012

In order to effectively reduce the comprehensive energy consumption of the refrigeration system so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction, from a practical point of view, this design studied cold storage refrigeration system’s exhaust heat recovery device and its applications, which fully recovered the exhaust sensible heat of refrigeration system and combined with solar collector’s work to provide energy for materials drying. Through the design and matching of the solar collectors, exhaust heat recovery unit, dehumidification evaporator, drying chamber assembly structure and controlled atmosphere organization to achieve the device’s technical synthesis of freezing and drying, so as to realize a comprehensive energy consuming system of one input and two outputs, which provides a new direction for the energy-saving development of similar devices.
The Genetic Algorithm Based Internal Layout Design for Distribution Center
Authors: Jiang Lu
Published: June 2012

The Genetic Algorithm is proposed to be used in the flow path optimization so as to simplify the path and rationalize the allocation of resources in the article. Thus, the optimized flow path can help to improve the efficiency and ultimately make the layout more practical to meet the requirements of the distribution center layout design. One limitation has been concluded that only one optimization scheme can be obtained in this method.
Energy Saving and Optimization for Compression and Liquefaction System in Power Plants CO2 Trapping Project
Authors: Liu Bing Cheng , Li Cong , Sun A Ni , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2012

Based on the data of 30000t/a CO2 capture & purification pilot scale test in Shengli power plant, the principle and method of CO2 compression and liquefaction were introduced, the calculation model of energy consumption for CO2 liquefaction process was built, the effection factors of CO2 purification power were analyzed, the ways to optimize energy saving were discussed. The results show that: (1) improving liquefaction pressure can effectively reduce the total power of CO2 compression and liquefaction, as the compression pressure increases, the compression power increases while the liquefaction power and total power reduce; (2) While the liquefaction pressure is less than 3.3MPa, compression power is less than liquefaction power, While the liquefaction pressure is greater than 3.3MPa, compression power is greater than liquefaction power; (3) While the liquefaction pressure of CO2 at the critical pressure 7.4 MPa, the theoretical total power is minimum.
Stability Experimental Study on High Temperature and Oxygen-Containing Flue Gas
Authors: Wen Wu Qi , Jin Shi Ping , Huang Su Yi , Fang Shun Li , Zhang Xi Lai , Jin Shi Qi , Tian Zhong Jun , Li Zhe
Published: June 2012

During lignite pyrolysis process, there will produce large amounts of gas which is low calorific value, combustion difficult. This paper creatively put forward a program: high temperature and oxygen-containing flue gas of coal-fired mix combustion with low calorific value gas. Compared to mixing high calorific value fuel, the distinguishing feature of this program is ultra-low cost, and technically feasible. In this scheme, the stability of high-temperature and oxygen-containing flue gas is key technology. Through coal-fired experiments, we obtained generation rule of high-temperature and oxygen-containing flue gas, and summed up a diminishing marginal effect.
The Energy Conversion Efficiency of Black Liquor Gasification and Coal-Water Slurry Gasification
Authors: Lv Gang Lin , Su Ji Xin , Liu Si Ming , Li Qun , Zhang Zhi Xuan , Sun Yue , Guo Peng Hao
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the energy balance of black liquor gasification (BLG) and coal-water slurry (CWS) gasification was analyzed. The results showed that the conversion efficiency of BLG (43.71%) process was slightly lower than that of CWS gasification (44.71%). Meanwhile, the material cost of BLG to synthesis gas was 0.36 Yuan/ m3 while CWS gasification was 0.69 Yuan/ m3. On account of above analysis, BLG was expected to have similar industrial applied prospect like CWS gasification
Waste Heat Produces Electrical Power System, Using Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) from Steelworks
Authors: Xiao Song , Wu Shu Ying , Zheng Dong Sheng
Published: June 2012

This study presents an energetic performance analysis for a waste heat produces electrical power system which is use organic Rankine cycle (ORC) from steelworks. In order to simulate the system under steady-state conditions, a mathematical model is developed. The developed model is used to determine the potential effects caused by the changes of the design parameters on the energetic performance of the system. As design parameters, turbine inlet pressure, condenser temperature, are taken into account. In this regard, the electrical power is estimated by parametrical analysis and discussed comprehensively.
Microstructure and Self-Discharge Characteristic of Ti-Zr-V-Cr-Ni-Ce Hydrogen Storage Electrode Alloy
Authors: Qiao Yu Qing , Zhao Min Shou , Wang Li Min
Published: June 2012

Microstructure and self-discharge characteristics of Ti-Zr-V-Cr-Ni-Ce hydrogen storage electrode have been investigated by XRD, FESEM-EDS and EIS measurements. Self-discharge properties indicate that the irreversible capacity loss is negative, which is different from that of AB5 alloy electrode. The capacity loss can be divided in two parts, one is due to the deterioration of the hydrogen storage alloy, which will result in the decrease of discharge capacity, and the other is due to the continually activated, which will result in the increase of discharge capacity.
Permeation Properties and Stability of Ni-BaCe0.4Zr0.4Nd0.2O3-δ Membrane for Hydrogen Separation
Authors: Zhan Shi Jing , Zhu Xue Feng , Wang Wei Ping , Huang Fei Si , Yang Wei Shen
Published: June 2012

A new Ni-BaCe0.4Zr0.4Nd0.2O3-δ （Ni-BZCN4）cermet membrane was used to separate hydrogen from mixed gas containing hydrogen. Hydrogen permeation properties of the membrane were investigated under various conditions. Hydrogen permeation flux increases with temperature. When the feed gas was moistened by 3% H2O, the flux is about twice of that not moistened. And it reaches 0.29 cm3/ min.cm2 at 900 °C when a wet 80% H2/He feed gas was used. The permeation stability of Ni-BaCe0.4Zr0.4Nd0.2O3-δ membrane was investigated under atmospheres containing 30% CO2 and H2O. After 100 h operation, the membrane still keeps a steady permeation flux. These results suggest that the Ni-BZCN4 membrane is suitable for hydrogen separation from mixed gas containing H2 and CO2.
The Separation Identification and Culture Optimization of Hydrogen Production X9 Bacteria
Authors: Bao Hong Xu , Cai Wei Wei , Ma Xi Ping , Song You Tao , Shen Man Li , Chen Zhong Lin , Li Li Dan , Ren Nan Qi
Published: June 2012

A high efficiency simultaneous cellulose degradation and hydrogen production strain X9 was obtained from the screening of the 125 strains of fermentative hydrogen production bacteria which were isolated from a continuous stirred-tank hydrogen production bioreactor (CSTR) with LM-1 and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) medium and improved Hungered technique in this study. X9 was confirmed a new category by analyzing the results of biochemical and physiological test, shape character, 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic, and then analysis characteristics of growth, culture parameters, the effects of components of medium on growth and ability of hydrogen production, the optimum technological parameters have been determined from orthogonal experiment and single factor test. Finally, X9 achieved maximum specific hydrogen yield of 4.9mmol/g with MCC under the optimal conditions.
Which Alternative Fuel is more Suitable for Vehicles in China: Hydrogen Gas or Fossil-Based Fuels?
Authors: Li Tian Lang , Sun Zuo Yu
Published: June 2012

The sharp rise in the development of vehicle industry in China not only promotes both the national economy development and the people living quality, but also aggravates both the national energy security and the environmental issues. Adopting alternative fuels instead of petroleum is commonly regarded as the utmost promising solution, however, which alternative fuel(s) is more suitable for China is still in the argument. The present paper compared the characteristics and performance of hydrogen gas and fossil-based fuels, and pointed that hydrogen gas is more suitable for China than fossil-based fuels.
Bioelectricity Generation from Wastewaters in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Pisutpaisal Nipon , Sirisukpoca Ubonrat
Published: June 2012

The study investigated bioelectricity generation from three types of wastewaters including artificial (AW), buffered brewery (BW) and buffered canteen (CW), in double chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentrations of influent were varied in the range of 125 - 1000 mg L-1. Influent pH and operation temperature were fixed at 7 and 30oC. 0.35 mL min-1 wastewater was fed into a half-cell anodic chamber, while 5 mL min-1 oxygen-saturated distilled water was fed into a half-cell cathodic chamber. The circuit resistance was fixed at 10 ohms. The results showed that maximum current output obtained from AW, BW and CW with the initial BOD concentration of 1000 mg L-1 were 0.92, 0.78 and 0.70 mA, respectively. The currents were directly proportional to the BOD concentrations in the influent for all wastewaters. The maximum BOD removal of AW, BW and CW was 90, 65 and 75%, respectively.
Determination of the Isosteric Heat of Adsorption of Hydrogen on the Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zheng Qing Rong , Gao Shuai , Jie Chen
Published: June 2012

The isosteric heat of adsorption was used to study the interaction between hydrogen molecules and the Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). Characterizations of the MWCNTs sample were carried out based on the N2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K and the images from TEM and HRTEM. Step by step method was used to volumetrically measure hydrogen adsorption isotherms at equilibrium temperature-pressures from 123-310 K and 0-12.3 MPa. Isosteric heats of adsorption at seven excess adsorption amounts and that at zero surface loading were respectively determined by the slopes of the adsorption isosteres and the plot of the temperature dependence of the Henry’s constants. Results show that the limit of the isosteric heat of adsorption at zero surface loading is about and the mean under the experimental condition is about . The values are in the same grade as those of hydrogen on the activated coconut charcoal but smaller than those of hydrogen on the graphitized carbon black P33, the activated carbon AX-21 and the Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs). Conclusions are drawn that relatively lower adsorption amounts and the isosteric heat of hydrogen adsorption on the MWCNTs could be ascribed to the small specific surface area and the large mesopores.
Freely-Suspended, Single Chamber Glucose Oxidase-Laccase Enzymatic Fuel Cell
Authors: Asrul Nurrisa , Othman Raihan , Yahya Muhd Zu Azhan , Mohd Salleh Hamzah , Yusof Faridah , Ahmad Abdul Aziz
Published: June 2012

We investigate glucose oxidase-laccase EFC employing simplified system design – freely suspended enzymes in a membraneless, single chamber cell. The highly specific enzyme reaction mechanisms permit such system design. The EFC comprises nickel mesh as the oxidative current collector and a carbon-based air electrode as the reductive current collector, enclosed in acrylic casing of 3 ml volumetric capacity. The air electrode also serves as the ambient oxygen diffusion site to continuously feed oxygen into the system. The anolyte consists of glucose oxidase enzyme (10 U), glucose substrate (200 mM) and FAD co-enzyme (3.8 mM), while the catholyte consists of laccase enzyme (10 U) and syringaldazine substrate (216 µM). The cell employing citrate buffer electrolyte of pH 5 exhibits the best characteristics i.e. an open circuit voltage (OCV) around 960 mV and able to sustain continuous discharge current of 30µA for about 31.75 hours. The cell possesses volumetric power density of 286 W/cm3 which is considered comparable to biocatalytic energy systems employing much more complicated design.
The Influence of Mediator Concentration on the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhao Yu , Wang Xiao Bin , Li Peng , Sun Yan Ping
Published: June 2012

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), power density and anode potential are used to characterize the mediator microbial fuel cell at different methylene blue (MB) concentrations. At lower MB concentration between 9.98×10-3 mmol/L and 1.66×10-1 mmol/L, the increased power density is enabled by using high mediator concentrations. Higher peak power density of 159.6 mw/m2 is observed compared with the peak power density of 36.0 mw/m2. But MB at too high concentration is disadvantageous to the perform of MFC. At the MB concentration of 2.50×10-1 mmol/L, the peak power output is just 128.4 mw/m2, which is lower than 159.6 mw/m2 at MB concentration of 1.66×10-1 mmol/L.
Effect of Speed on Silica Antireﬂective Coatings by Dipping Coating
Authors: Jin Rui Min , Cai Zhi Duan , Cang Li Min , Yan Tao , Li Shu Zeng
Published: June 2012

Sol-gel thin films prepared by dipping coating technique, sol–gel derived bulk were prepared from constant water (H2O)/tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS) ratio, dipping coating were carried out at different dipping speed 100mm/min, 200mm/min, 300mm/min, 400mm/min, 500mm/min respectively. The films are characterized by ellipsometer and SEM respectively. The experimental results show the thickness of films are become bigger and bigger with the dipping speed increasing.The refractive index change is not obvious.
Imprinted CS Membrane Using EGCG as Template
Authors: Chen Sheng , Lan Hua Xiu , Ma Xiu Ling
Published: June 2012

A molecularly imprinted membrane was prepared in aqueous media using CS as functional monomer, EGCG as template molecules. The morphologies of molecularly imprinted membrane before and after modification with porogen (PEG) were observed by SEM. The imprinted membrane showed an excellent performance after several times adsorption and desorption. According to Scatchard analysis, the result showed that the imprinted membrane had a binding site for EGCG, the max adsorption capacity of imprinted membrane and equilibrium binding constant arrived at 49.52 mg/g, 4.046, respectively
Study on the Rheology of Foam Fracturing Fluid with Mixture Model
Authors: Sun Xiao , Wang Shu Zhong , Lu You Lian
Published: June 2012

Numerical simulation study on the rheology or foam fluid was carried through by treating inner phase as granular fluid with mixture model. The simulation results show that the gas phase is well distributed on cross-section. Besides, the higher the foam quality, the higher the velocity gradient near the wall. For turbulent properties, the turbulent kinetic energy and viscosity increase as the foam quality increases. With the same foam quality, the bigger the bubble diameter, the higher the turbulent viscosity and turbulent kinetic energy. What’s more, the foam quality 63% is a catastrophe point at which the rheology of foam fracturing fluid changes sharply. The change trend of turbulent viscosity along radial direction is different between the regions where the foam quality is below and over catastrophe point, and in the latter the change trend is flatter. From the simulation results it can be seen that the mixture model is more applicable and effective to the region where foam quality is over 63%.
Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of Co-Doped ZnO Nanocomposites Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Wu Zi Hua , Xie Hua Qing , Zeng Qing Feng
Published: June 2012

Polyparaphenylene/Zn0.925Co0.075O(PPP/Zn0.925Co0.075O) nanocomposites were synthesized by using a sol-gel method and their thermal conductivity properties were measured. The XRD pattern of Zn0.925Co0.075O shows the single phase wurtzite structure. The SEM images show that the lighter-contrast area is PPP and the dark-contrast area is the polycrystalline of Zn0.925Co0.075O. The increase in the band edge is a clear indication for the incorporation of Co inside the ZnO lattice. The observation of three additional absorption peaks provided evidence that the 3d7 high-spin configuration of Co2+ under the tetrahedral crystal field was probably formed by neighboring O2- ions. With the increase of the PPP content, the thermal conductivity of nanocomposite samples is smaller than those of pure Zn0.925Co0.075O. Due to the high density of interfaces and grain boundaries present in the nanocomposites, the scattering of phonon across a broad wavelength spectrum was enhanced. This suppressed the lattice thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites significantly.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Luminescent Properties of a Red-Emitting Europium Complex
Authors: Zhang Li Ying , Li Bin , Lv Gang
Published: June 2012

a fluorine functionalized 1,10-phenanthroline ligand, 3-ethyl-2-(2-fluorophenyl) imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline(EFPIP) and the corresponding red-emitting Eu(ΙΙΙ) complex Eu(DBM)3(EFPIP) (DBM = dibenzoylmethanate) was synthesized and the photophysical properties and electroluminescent(EL) performances were researched. When Eu(DBM)3(EFPIP) was used as emitting material in organic devices, the maximum efficiency and luminance of red emission achieved from the EL device with the configuration of ITO/m-MTDATA (30 nm)/NPB (20 nm)/ x wt% Eu(DBM)3(EFPIP) doped in CBP (30 nm)/Bphen (20 nm)/Alq3 (20 nm)/LiF (0.8 nm)/Al were 3.6 cd/A and 563 cd/m2, respectively. Compared with the previously reported devices based on methyl or chlorine substitute Eu(ΙΙΙ) complexes, the EL performances of the device using Eu(DBM)3(EFPIP) as an emitter was significantly enhanced due to the introduction of fluorine.