bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endocan level in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors:   Medical University of Karaganda, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abdikalikova Togzhan , Turgunova Lyudmila ,   Medical University of Karaganda, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Baidildina Botagoz ,   Medical University of Karaganda, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Mursalova Zhanar ,   Medical University of Karaganda, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The relevance of the work is due to the high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the population and high mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this population. In this connection, it is necessary to search for new biomarkers in order to early identify individuals with cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD. The purpose of this study to assess the endocan level in patients with CKD depending on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), to study the relationship between the endocan level and other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD. Material and methods. 153 respondents with various stages of CKD were examined. The study included socio-demographic, anthropometric data, blood pressure measurements, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), glucose and endocan. Data analysis was performed using the statistical software package SPSS 22. Results and discussion. The respondents in the groups did not differ in such indicators as gender, age, marital status, frequency of active smoking, diabetes, body mass index (BMI). Significant differences were found in the level of education (p=0.04), income (p=0.008), systolic pressure (SBP) (p=0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p=0.0001). Levels of total cholesterol (cholesterol), (p=0.0001), uric acid (p=0.0001), cystatin C (p=0.0001) and endocan (p=0.0001) also had significant differences depending on GFR. Conclusion. A comparative analysis of the frequency of “traditional” cardiovascular risk factors among patients with various stages of CKD showed the absence of differences in the frequency of active smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity and the presence of significant differences in blood pressure and total cholesterol (p = 0.0001). Evaluation of the endocan level depending on the stage of CKD showed that with the progression of CKD, the endocan level increases significantly (p = 0.0001), which may indicate the progression of endothelial dysfunction with impaired renal function. Further studies are needed to determine the prognostic value of endocan in the development of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD. Keywords: chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, glomerular filtration rate, biomarkers, endocan.
Model Pembelajaran Meaningful Learning
Authors: nisa suci khoirun
Published: June 2021

This study aims to: Knowing the method of meaningful learning, meaningful learning, application of learning, approach to learning methods, learning steps, the method used in this study is literacy (library study) by examining several sources related to the Meaningful Learning learning model.
Model pembelajaran STAD
Authors: Soniah Pani
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah Untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran STAD (Student Teams Achievement Divisions),Untuk mengetahui saja karakteristik model pembelajaran STAD (Student Teams Achievement Divisions) dan Untuk mengetahui kelebihan dan kekurangan model pembelajaran STAD (Student Teams Achievement Divisions)
Kajian Teologis Terhadap Teori Unitarianisme-Oneness Mengenai Yesus Kristus
Authors: biyang angelia purnadharani
Published: June 2021

Unitarianisme suatu kepercayaan abad keempat yang disebarluaskan oleh Arius, yang merupakan seorang pendeta dari Aleksandria. Arius mengajarkan bahwa Kristus adalah makhluk ciptaan yang lebih rendah dari Tuhan, kemudian diciptakan sebelum penciptaan dunia dan bahwa kodratnya ada diantara ilahi dan manusia. Unitarianisme merupakan Teologi yang berkembang jauh sebelum Reformasi Protestan. Setelah Konsili Nicea pada tahun 325 yang merupakan titik tolak pertentangan antara Unitarian dan Trinitarian yang mana kemudian dimenangkan oleh Trinitarian, maka aliran Unitarian tersebut dianggap sebagai aliran sesat. Termasuk diantaranya salah satu tokoh Unitarian, Arius yang kemudian dihukum dianggap sesat dan di ekskomunikasikan oleh gereja saat itu hingga diawafat. Ajaran Oneness menegaskan bahwa sebutan Bapa, Anak dan Roh Kudus itu merupakan sebutan bagi Allah Yang Maha Esa dalam oknum yang berbeda. Ketika Oneness berbicara mengenai Bapa, Anak dan Roh Kudus mereka melihatnya sebagai suatu perwujudan dari Allah Yang Esa. Bapa merupakan sebutan yang berkaitan dengan hubungan sebagai orangtua, Anak sebagai ingkarnasi dari Allah dalam bentuk daging melalui Yesus Kristus sdeangkan Roh Kudus merupakan sebutan terhadap aktivitas Allah dalam Roh.
Analisis Pengaruh Model Ekspositori Terhadap Penguasaan Konsep Siswa Pada Materi Pembelajaran Fisika
Authors: Prameswari Safitri Dina , Nana
Published: June 2021

Abstrak. Fisika adalah mata pelajaran yang banyak menuntut kemampuan intelektualitas yang relatif tinggi sehingga sebagian besar siswa mengalami kesulitan mempelajarinya. Keadaan yang demikian ini lebih dipersulit lagi dengan penggunaan metode pembelajaran fisika yang tidak tepat. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh model model ekspositori terhadap pengasaan konsep siswa pada materi pembelajaran fisika. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode studi pustaka (literature review). Melalui studi pustaka penelitian ini menghasilkan tahapan-tahapan model ekspositori yang dapat memantau peserta didik dalam pengasaan konsep untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan khususnya pada fisika. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil, Model pembelajaran ekspositori adalah strategi pembelajaran yang menekankan kepada proses penyampaian materi secara verbal dari seorang guru kepada sekelompok siswa dengan maksud agar siswa dapat menguasai materi pelajaran secara optimal. Penguasaan konsep memberikan pengertian bahwa konsep-konsep yang diajarkan kepada siswa bukanlah sekedar bahan hapalan saja, tetapi konsep itu harus dipahami agar dapat digunakan untuk dapat memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi. Metode ceramah lebih efektif dan efisien untuk menyampaikan informasi dan pengertian.Kata kunci: Model Pembelajaran, Model Ekspositori, Penguasaan konsep
Who are the most active and influential politicians and parties on Twitter? The case of Germany
Authors: Bauer Paul Cornelius
Published: June 2021

Political elites increasingly use Twitter as an instrument to spread their views. Yet, it is hard to come by up-to-date descriptive statistics that would tell us how active and influential politicians, as well as parties, are on Twitter. With the election looming (26th of September 2021) in Germany, the present study attempts to provide a descriptive, comparative and up-to-date overview of Twitter activity/influence across politicians and parties. It analyzes around 125,000 recent tweets, published by around 550 active politicians. Among other things, the study reveals that the share of Twitter users is lowest among members of the CDU/CSU, while there is strong variation in terms of activity (tweets) across and within parties, as well as across time. Regarding influence, well-known members of centrist parties dominate follower statistics, however, members of the populist left and right dominate in terms of retweets. Finally, AfD politicians get more retweets per tweet than members of other parties.
Quickest Flow Algorithms with Time-Varying Attributes
Authors: Amgain Dipak Babu , Dhamala Tanka Nath
Published: June 2021

In many real-world situations, there are numerous network optimization problems where the network attributes depend on time. In this paper, we consider single-source single-sink discrete-time dynamic network flow problems. We review some algorithms for the quickest flow problems in two environments (to the network attributes): time-invariant and time-variant. This paper mainly focuses on the existing algorithms for a later one. In literature, most of the authors have made their objectives to determine the earliest arrival time paths along which a given amount of flow can be sent in the minimum time. Evacuation is the most recent research area of network optimization, where quickest flow models allow the estimation of the minimum time required to bring a given number of evacuees to safety.
Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health in the Production Process Section Using the Failure Mode And Effect Analysis (FMEA) Method at PT Mitra Mandiri Perkasa
Authors: HM Gatot Basuki
Published: June 2021

Based on the results of the analysis carried out, it was found that there were 29 work accidents in the turning wood production process for a period of 3 years, then after the classification was carried out based on the company's working environment conditions obtained 5 categories of work accidents. The results of the calculation of the risk prority number (RPN) show that the potential failure with the highest RPN level is that the hand is exposed to wood on the rip saw machine with an RPN value of 140. Proposed improvement is that machine operators must use PPE when doing work, provide a grace period when moving raw materials to rip saw machines to provide space for workers, routine inspections and always moving materials after being processed in the rip saw machines and giving danger signs in the production process area, improving standard operational procedures and periodic supervision in accordance with the applied K3 procedures.
Humanism Under Siege: The Janus Face of the Modern Revolution of Dignity
Authors: Witoszek Nina
Published: June 2021

The article interprets the crisis of liberal democracy in the 21st century as the result of an ongoing, dual revolution of dignity. One such revolution is the work of “humanist outliers”: small groups and individuals dedicated to compassionate social emancipation. Thus anti-authoritarian revolutions like that of Solidarity in Poland (1980–81) succeed in large part thanks to cultural and political innovations springing from the work of such small groups. However, the humanist revolution of dignity – featuring altruism and cooperation – has its “tribal doppelgänger”: a twin revolution that strives to reclaim national dignity and pride at the price of submission to authoritarian rule.
Tax incentives for industrial production in the system of public financial support
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Nepochatenko O. O. , Bechko P. K. , Lisa N. V. , Ptashnyk S. A.
Published: June 2021

The article provides a theoretical justification for tax incentives for industrial enterprises under market conditions of their activities. According to modern economic theory, which is the basis of the domestic tax system, the most effective are horizontal and vertical structures to stimulate industrial production, able to increase production and sales of its competitiveness in world markets, and businesses to operate on self-financing and self-sufficiency. A set of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition was used to solve the tasks set in the process of research. Application of a systematic approach, methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, which made it possible to comprehensively and comprehensively consider the theoretical foundations of tax incentives for industrial enterprises, to determine the results of the application of horizontal and vertical organization of tax incentives. When systematizing the results of tax incentives for industrial enterprises, methods of scientific generalization, analysis and synthesis were chosen. Given the importance of tax incentives for industrial enterprises in modern conditions in the domestic tax system, there are a number of unresolved issues, which are essentially debatable on the theoretical justification of this problem and its practical solution aimed at increasing production and sales of industrial products, expanding markets. The results of the study show that horizontal tax incentives are more acceptable, as the situation on the world market is changing very quickly, and business needs certainty, provided that the state determines which segments of the national economy are a priority. The efficiency of tax holidays, preferential rates, investment tax credits and free trade zones are more promising for the development of industrial production at the horizontal level. With a vertical strategy for the development of industrial production, priority is given to export-oriented investment tax credits, in particular tariff or tax benefits, investment benefits. The proposed measures of tax stimulation of industrial production will stimulate the development of enterprises using the strategy of modernization of the production base through the renewal of fixed assets, the introduction of advanced advanced technologies, financing of scientific developments. These measures can ensure synergies, especially if the equipment to be purchased by industrial enterprises will be domestically produced.
Organization of marketing activities management of an agricultural engineering enterprise in the domestic and foreign markets
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Penkova O. G. , Kharenko A. A. , Kulishenko E. N.
Published: June 2021

The strengthening of the role of an effective organization of marketing management for agricultural engineering enterprises in Ukraine is due to an increase in competitive pressure from domestic and foreign producers who offer functional analogues, as well as from importers of used equipment, a decrease in the capacity of the domestic market due to the crisis in economy and the loss of control over a part of occupied territories of Ukraine. Analysis of the peculiarities of organizing marketing activities on the example of one of the largest enterprises of agricultural engineering in Ukraine, CJSC “Umanfermmash”, showed that on the domestic market it mainly focuses on small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, farms, private entrepreneurs providing services of the processing of land plots to the population, and its product and pricing policy in the current marketing strategy corresponds to the described group of potential buyers, which indicates the feasibility of its application in the future. The conducted research revealed a number of problems in the organization of marketing activities of CJSC “Umanfermmash”: low quality of feedback from end users, especially foreign ones, in the context of bringing product characteristics to their needs; insufficient presentation of information about various aspects of the company's activities on its website; narrowing of cooperation with distributors, which negatively affected the effectiveness of sales activities; insufficient attention to quality improvement, which sometimes deteriorates due to the use of cheaper raw materials and materials. Improving the organization of CJSC “Umanfermmash” marketing activities management initially requires adjusting the existing marketing strategy, which should be differentiated. So, for the foreign market, it should be based on an attacking concept, and for the domestic market it should be realized as supportive marketing. In the first case, there should be an active, aggressive position of the company in the market, which is aimed at gaining and expanding the market share, and in the second, – it involves maintaining the level of demand in the market that is optimal for the enterprise
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OFREORGANIZATION
Authors: Lukashenko L. V. , Demianyshyna O. A.
Published: June 2021

The subject of the research is the sources of financing of secondary schools in Ukraine and the directions of their optimization are determined. The aim is to study the features of financing of secondary schools in the context of reorganization and to determine ways of economic stimulation of their activities on the basis of the principle “money follows the child”. Research methodology. The work was carried out on the basis of Article 53 of the Constitution of Ukraine, normative acts, legislative acts, financial reports, scientific research of domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners. Research methods: statistical, graphic, statistical and economic, methods of comparison, analysis. The results of the study of the current state of financing of secondary school institutions indicate that in order to solve the problems of the industry, it is necessary to develop a coherent system of measures that will be aimed at ensuring its effective development, taking into account the requirements of European standards. The study also indicates the need for a decentralization reform Scope of the study results. In the context of decentralization and administrative reform, investment in human capital is becoming a leading priority aimed at strategic actions aimed at the economic prosperity of the country. The study of the current state of financing of general education institutions proves that improving the material and technical base, decent wages of teachers make it possible to put the student in the center of attention and create conditions for his harmonious development, and this will provide an opportunity to create competitive human capital for the national economy. To achieve world standards in the field of education, it is necessary to carry out reforms that will provide an effective system of financing. Conclusions. Consequently, the budget deficit for secondary schools affects the decline in the quality and efficiency of educational services. The system of management and control over the activities of budgetary institutions should play a special role. To improve the situation in the field of education financing, it is necessary to form the implementation of budgetary expenditures based on a combination of domestic and international experience, partly from the experience of neighboring Poland, for this it is necessary to carry out an education reform.
The essence and theoretical principles of risk management in customs affairs
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Sokoliuk S. Iu. , Tupchii O. S. , Zharun O. V. , Koroteev M. A.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the essence and theoretical foundations of risk management in customs. It is proved that in the scientific literature there is no unified approach to the interpretation of the concepts of "customs risk", "management of customs risks", which is explained by the versatility of the concept of "risk". The scientific results of the study of the theoretical foundations of risk management in customs are based on the basis of international agreements, conventions and other legislative acts in the field of foreign economic activity, international and methodological documents of international trade and using monographic and abstract logical methods, as well as methods of comparison, analogy, analysis , synthesis and generalization. Based on the results of the generalization of the study, it was determined that the risk is a violation of the established procedure for the execution of normatively regulated activities, encroaches on social standards in a particular area of public relations. It is argued that the fundamental property of all risks is uncertainty, characterized by insufficient provision of the decision-making process with knowledge about a certain problem situation. Risks in the customs business are inherent in a certain specificity, due to the scope of their occurrence and certain forms of expression. It has been substantiated that in the context of the annual growth of the intensity of foreign economic activity between countries and enterprises, the need to create and constantly improve customs risk management systems is becoming more urgent, confirmed by international and national customs legislation, since the development of an effective risk management system in customs will help protect the national and customs interests of Ukraine. The study confirms that by the risk management system the activities of customs authorities in analyzing risks are meant, identifying and assessing risks, developing measures to neutralize possible risks associated with the implementation of professional activities and is part of the overall process of predicting and neutralizing negative consequences associated with the identification of goods. vehicles, documents and persons subject to customs control, forms of customs control applied to such goods, vehicles, documents and persons, as well as the scope of customs control.
The economic essence of credit and its role in the development of bank lending to agricultural business
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Bechko P. K. , Vlasyuk S. A. , Ponomarenko O. V. , Nahornyi V. I.
Published: June 2021

The constant cycle of agricultural production is successfully achieved regarding to equity and loans. An alternative to private source of funding to the equity of agricultural production is crediting including bank loans which are attracted in order to cover the time gaps between production and receiving benefits during a year due to the seasonality. It is revealed that crediting in the context of modern market economy is a key and vital component of economic development. The positive influence of the loan, its impact on national business entities is assessed as controversial. Some researchers of credit theory and its involvement in the production process substantiate it by the lack of tangible assets necessary to ensure the business continuity. As the interest rate is the basic principle of lending, in their opinion, the financial condition of the borrower becomes unstable and as a result it leads to the bankruptcy. According to other researchers, credits lead to the reduction of manufacturing duration and serve as the main precondition for expanded reproduction and business operation in modern economic situation. It has been found that a loan is an inevitable part of an agricultural business as its involvement is caused not only by the borrower’s financial weakness but also the objectiveness of production and circular flow of funds due to the lack of its own funds which is inappropriate to hold in reserve. It was also determined that the naturalistic and income generating theories developed equally during a long period of evolution. However, having opposite approaches to the essence of crediting, in fact, they are identical as credit systems channel savings into productive investments. Actually, credit itself performs redistributive function in the economy and, at the same time, bank institutions have the function of capital formation. It is proposed that in current economic situation the establishment of credit relations between banks and borrowers is possible only in the context of theoretical justification of the nature of the loan, its role in the reproduction process and implementation at the state level with the aim of reliability lending to agribusiness with scientifically proved supervision in market functioning by a decision-making methods through the implementation of legislative framework in the field of crediting, insurance, taxation, budget policy, aimed at the improving of credit relations, supporting bank institutions and the agrarian sector and as a result it will contribute to overcome the financial crises.
Exploring the Perception of Chemistry Students at Kulliyyah of Science in Learning Organic Chemistry
Authors: Nurul Nadiah Rosly  , Abd Hamid Shafida , Nor Azlina A. Rahman
Published: June 2021

Students perceive organic chemistry as a challenging subject for them to learn and master, which results in a high failure rate. This study investigates the perception of chemistry students of the Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), on organic chemistry courses and identify the topics that the students found difficult to grasp, which may affect their grades. The correlation of students’ perception on the difficulty level in studying organic chemistry subjects (I and II) with the grades obtained for both courses, and the correlation of the type of study attitude with the grades achieved for Organic Chemistry I and II, were also investigated. From the data analysis of questionnaires distributed to 160 respondents, stereochemistry (n = 58.8 %), determination of reaction type (n = 59.4 %), construction of the reaction mechanisms (n = 73.2 %), and characterisation of organic reaction (n = 77.5 %), were the topics that the students perceived to be difficult. Perception on the difficulty in studying organic chemistry was positively associated with the achievement of excellent grades for both organic chemistry subjects (I; rs = 0.413**, p<0.01 and II; rs = 0.436**, p<0.01). Quality of study attitude shows no association with the grades obtained for organic chemistry I (rs = 0.330**, p = 1.00) but positively associated with grades of organic chemistry II subject (rs = 0.140, p<0.01). This study could serve as a reference for lecturers to search for ways to design appropriate teaching approaches for better learning experiences.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING METHODS IN ECONOMY
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics, Persteneva Natalia Pavlovna , Skryleva Darya Dmitrievn ,   Samara State University of Economics
Published: June 2021

The article discusses machine learning methods. Using the example of two popular classes: supervised learning and unsupervised learning. Variants of the main types of machine learning models for each method are presented. A generalized algorithm for building any machine learning model is formed.
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INITIATION OF CRIMINAL CASES ON CRIMES OF PRIVATE PROSECUTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Zhdanova Yana Vladimirovna
Published: June 2021

The author of this study considered the theoretical foundations of legal regulation and trends in judicial practice on the procedure for initiating criminal cases in cases of private prosecution in the Russian Federation with the definition of their problems and the proposal of ways to resolve them.
Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease: isolated intracranial without nodal involvement presentation. Illustrative case
Authors: Chong César , Wong-Achi Xavier , Apolo Cinthya
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease is a rare and heterogeneous entity that has been associated with autoimmune, hereditary, and malignant diseases. There is controversy about its etiopathogenesis, clinical course, and therapeutic management.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors report a case of a 61-year-old man with a history of progressive headache without any other symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed multiple irregular lesions with an initial diagnostic impression of meningiomatosis. An excisional biopsy was performed, and the pathology report stated the finding was Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease.

LESSONS

The uniqueness of this case is its rarity. The isolated intracranial location presents many diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, with radiological and clinical characteristics similar to those of other central nervous system tumors. There is currently no clear evidence of the pathogenesis and therapeutic management of this condition. Follow-up of these patients will help elucidate the natural history of this condition and the benefits of various treatment modalities.
Selection of approach and bypass for fetal-type posterior cerebral artery aneurysm: illustrative cases
Authors: Kikuta Yoshichika , Yamaguchi Koji , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Funatsu Takayuki , Okada Yoshikazu , Kawamata Takakazu
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Unlike in aneurysms of the adult-type posterior cerebral artery (PCA), in aneurysms of the fetal-type PCA, parent artery occlusion (PAO) results in vascular insufficiency and major ischemic strokes. Preservation or reconstruction of fetal-type PCAs is necessary to prevent these complications. Furthermore, it is necessary to select an appropriate bypass method and approach for revascularization of the PCA.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors report 2 cases of aneurysms of fetal-type PCAs that were successfully treated with PAO with revascularization. A 38-year-old man with a large unruptured right PCA aneurysm at the postcommunicating (P2) segment underwent trapping with superficial temporal artery–PCA bypass via the anterior temporal and subtemporal approaches. In addition, a 45-year-old woman with a left PCA aneurysm at the quadrigeminal (P3)–cortical (P4) segments resulting in subarachnoid hemorrhage underwent proximal clipping of the P3 segment via the occipital interhemispheric approach with an occipital artery–PCA bypass. Although she had perforator infarction, major ischemic stroke was prevented, and aneurysm occlusion was accomplished in both cases.

LESSONS

Aneurysms of fetal-type PCAs pose a risk of ischemia due to PAO. The combined use of bypass and revascularization should be considered to prevent major ischemic stroke after occlusion of the fetal-type PCA. However, perforator infarction is a concern.
Evaluation of a savings and micro-credit program for vulnerable young women in Nairobi
Authors: Erulkar Annabel , Chong Erica
Published: June 2021

Tap and Reposition Youth (TRY) was a four-year initiative undertaken by the Population Council and K-Rep Development Agency to reduce adolescents’ vulnerabilities to adverse social and reproductive health outcomes by improving livelihoods options. The project targeted out-of-school adolescent girls and young women aged 16–22 residing in low-income and slum areas of Nairobi. TRY used a modified group-based micro-finance model to extend integrated savings, credit, business support, and mentoring to out-of-school adolescents and young women. A longitudinal study of participants was conducted with a matched comparison group identified through cross-sectional community-based studies, undertaken at baseline and endline to enable an assessment of changes associated with the project. This report states that 326 participants and their controls were interviewed at baseline and 222 pairs were interviewed at endline. The results suggest that rigorous micro-finance models may be appropriate for a subset of girls, especially those who are older and less vulnerable. The impact on noneconomic indicators is less clear. Additional experimentation and adaptation is required to develop livelihoods models that acknowledge and respond to the particular situation of adolescent girls.
Nepal: Support communication to enhance young mothers' reproductive health
Authors:   Frontiers in Reproductive Health
Published: June 2021

From 2000 to 2003, FRONTIERS supported a study by the Center for Research on Environment, Health, and Population Activities to test communication-based models for improving young couples’ access to and use of reproductive health (RH) information and services in the Udaypur district of eastern Nepal. The 14-month intervention, undertaken as part of an RH project implemented by the Nepal Red Cross Society and the Center for Development and Population Activities, sought to improve social norms that leave young women vulnerable to health risks related to early marriage and childbearing and limited access to RH services. The study compared two experimental models with two control groups. The two experimental groups received training, assistance with group interaction, outreach, and educational materials about sexually transmitted infections and condom use. Researchers administered surveys to young married women in both the control and experimental sites before and after the intervention. As noted in this brief, communication-based support for mothers’ groups and newly formed youth communication groups improved RH knowledge and behavior among young married women in Nepal.
Postabortion family planning benefits clients and providers
Authors: Foreit James R.
Published: June 2021

A woman’s fertility can return quickly following an abortion or miscarriage, yet recent data show high levels of unmet need for family planning (FP) among women who have been treated for incomplete abortion. This leaves many women at risk of another unintended pregnancy and in some cases subsequent repeated abortions and abortion-related complications. It is thus vital for programs to provide a comprehensive package of postabortion care (PAC) services that includes medical treatment, FP counseling and services, and other reproductive health services such as evaluation and treatment for sexually transmitted infections, HIV counseling and/or testing, and community support and mobilization. Providing FP services within PAC benefits clients and programs. Facilities that can effectively treat women with incomplete abortions can also provide contraceptive services, including counseling and appropriate methods. As stated in this brief, any provider who can treat incomplete abortion can also provide selected FP methods. Clients, providers, and programs benefit when FP methods are provided to postabortion clients at the time of treatment.
A client-centered approach to reproductive health: A trainer's manual
Authors:   Population Council
Published: June 2021

This training manual grew out of a project to improve the quality of care rendered by public-sector providers of reproductive health services. Implemented by the Population Council in collaboration with the Ministries of Population, Welfare, and Health, in Pakistan, the project extended beyond improving the quality of care provided by family planning workers and incorporated health workers who provided maternal and child health services. The success of all efforts made by the service delivery system in attracting and keeping clients depends upon the content and quality of interaction when the client comes in contact with the provider—whether the client is visiting a clinic or being visited by a community-based worker at home. To offer good quality of care, the provider should treat the client with dignity and respect, assess her reproductive health needs by asking questions rather than making assumptions based on her profile, and help her negotiate a solution appropriate to her circumstances. This training manual is oriented toward improving providers’ interpersonal skills. Emphasis is placed on the client and helping her meet her own needs rather than on meeting artificial goals or targets.
Analisis Karakteristik dan Penanganan Kebutuhan Ruang Parkir Sepeda Motor Di Kampus Uniska MAB Banjarmasin
Authors: Perdana Muhammad Gunawan , Ramadani Hari Nukta
Published: June 2021

Universitas Islam Kalimantan (Uniska) Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari Banjarmasin is one of the oldest private universities in Kalimantan. Uniska has nine faculties and two graduate programs. The increased of students number is 3.11% per each year. With this increased, will automatically increase the need for motorcycle parking in the campus Uniska Banjarmasin, so it takes adequate motorcycle parking space. This condition raises the need to identify the characteristics and handling of motorcycle parking space requirements. The survey method used is the survey technique of parking of the cordon, while the method of data analysis using Hobbs formula 1995 and the formula approach Z by Pignataro 1973. Parking planning refers to the guidelines of the Directorate General of Land Transportation 1996. The need for motorcycle parking space according to the approach of Z formula of 1276 SRP with the assumption of parking duration of 350 minutes and the rate of change of parking is 2 times a day, thus exceeding the static capacity of only 940 SRP. With the data of the growth of the number of students per year, the description of the need for motorcycle parking space for the next 5 years is 1487 SRP. The conclution is the actual parking area unable to fullfill the existing parking space requirements. An alternative solution to this problem solving is through improved management of existing parking area arrangements and the addition of new parking spaces
STABILISASI TANAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PASIR DAN ABU SERABUT KELAPA TERHADAP NILAI CBR
Authors: Erliawan Gusti Alvin , Firdaus Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Land is a very important basic material in a construction, because basically the soil serves as the object of all types of konstruki and as a base they saw on a structure must have the nature and power of a good support, ground the sand mixture is stabilized with 10% coconut fibres 1% ash, sand mix 10% ash 3% coconut fibers, sand mix 10% coconut fibres 5% ash.

Research done in the laboratory of Geotechnical and Civil Engineering Transfortasi State Polytechnic Banjarmasin, testing is done at the programme LEVEL include: Testing water content in accordance with SNI 03-1965-2008, Heavy Type Testing in accordance with SNI 03-1964-2008, testing the limits of Liquid in accordance with SNI 03-1967-2008, testing the limits of Plastis accordance with SNI 03-1966-2008, Compaction Testing in accordance with STANDARD 03-1743-2008, and California Bearing Ratio Testing in accordance with STANDARD 03-1744-2012.

From the results obtained by testing the value of the physical properties and mechanical ground on mixed 0%: 69.15% w, Gs 2.505, LL 49.50%, PL 31.64%, PI 13.61% 27.5% opt, w, Y d max 1.268 Gr/Cm3, CBR design 3.1%. From the results obtained by testing the value of the physical properties and mechanical Sand mixture soil at 10% Coconut Fibres 1% Ash: Gs (combined), 2.369 LL 49.55%, PL 33.18% PI, 16.37%, w opt 35.25%, Yd max 1.178 Gr/Cm3, CBR design of 6.8%. From the results obtained by testing the value of the physical properties and mechanical ground on mixed Sand Ash 10% 3% Coconut Fibres: Gs (combined), 2.369 LL 49.50%, PL 34.08% PI, 15.42%, w opt 25.50%, Yd max 1.205 Gr/Cm3, CBR design of 7.3%. From the results obtained by testing the value of the physical properties and mechanical Sand mixture soil at 10% Coconut Fibres 5% Grey: Gs (combined) 2.668, LL 49.40%, PL 35.79%, 13.61% PI, w opt 20.45%, Yd max 1.315 Gr/Cm3, CBR design 8.0%.
REVIEW DESAIN PERKERASAN JALAN RAY III KABUPATEN PULANG PISAU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Ilhami Khamidi , Hadi Gunawan
Published: June 2021

Jalan merupakan prasarana darat yang berpengaruh besar terhadap perkembangan suatu wilayah. Jalan Ray III berada di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau lokasi  dalam kota, ibu kota Kabupaten. Jalan tersebut merupakan jalan alternatif dari Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah menuju Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan juga sebaliknya. Peningkatan jalan tersebut bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas jalan dalam rangka mengakomodasi pertumbuhan arus lalu lintas.

Kondisi tanah dasar pada ruas Jalan Ray III adalah tanah lunak, sehingga dalam desain tanah dasar dengan dilakukan pengurukan timbunan. Metode perencanaan perkerasan yang digunakan adalah Analisa Komponen SKBI 2.3.26.1987. Objek studi yaitu Jalan Ray III terletak di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau pada STA 0 + 000 s/d STA 0 + 200.

Hasil dari Evaluasi Desain Perkerasan Jalan dengan umur rencana 5 tahun diperoleh LER adalah 26,3 Laston (MS. 590) adalah 7,5 cm (tebal minimal 7,5 cm karena merupakan jalan kabupaten), Batu pecah kelas A (CBR  100) adalah 10 cm dan Batu pecah kelas B (CBR 80) adalah 10 cm (Syarat tebal minimum LPB). Untuk umur rencanaa 10 tahun diperoleh LER adalah 76,9 Laston (MS.590)  adalah 7,5 cm (tebal minimal 7,5 cm karena merupakan jalan kabupaten). Batu pecah kelas A (CBR 100) adalah 10 cm,  Batu pecah kelas B (CBR 80) adalah 14,4 cm
Nutrition communication about low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in Thai healthcare practitioners
Authors: Srisukthaveerat Varit , Torkaew Wittayatorn , Sridee Supaporn , Chaiyasit Kamon
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, communication is influential regarding the various communication channels that make the information spreading effectively to the audiences. Additionally, the senders are also another factor creating credibility to the receivers, particularly to the healthcare-related issue which is necessary to be guaranteed by the medical specialists. The Low FODMAP is a therapeutic diet which is recommended for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) patients. However, this diet has not been practiced widespread among Thai healthcare practitioners. As a matter of fact, these practitioners are familiar with a great number of diseases and closely well-educated with healthcare issues, they would significantly hold credibility affecting the medical usage to the society. Consequently, this article aims to educate all the staff in the healthcare and medical industry to gain sufficient knowledge of low FODMAP and be able to apply for further development.Keywords: nutrition communication, Low FODMAP, IBS, SIBO
Investigation of biological activity of recultivated iron ore processing wastes of Abagur agglomeration and processing plant, Novokuznetsk
Authors: Zakharova M. A. , Vodoleev A. S. , Domnin K. I. , Klekovkin S. Yu.
Published: June 2021

The problem of biotransformation of man-caused disturbed lands is of great importance for the restoration of soil fertility. The leading role in this process is played by soil microorganisms. Toxic industrial waste can make negative adjustments to the species composition of soil microflora (can cause mutation of many microorganisms, as well as the death of some of them). Under certain conditions, in the presence of harmful substances, new microorganisms can arise that decompose precisely those substances that cause soil pollution. Consequently, a new microflora appears, capable of carrying out its trophic functions on an inductive basis on industrially contaminated substrates. As a man-caused control, a mineral substrate of the tailing dump of Abagurskaya agglomeration and processing plant JSC, unfavorable for the vital activity of soil microflora, where, due to the absence of plant residues and other carbon-containing components, an extremely low level of intensity of enzymatic hydrolytic processes was used. The introduction of organic matter containing sewage sludge (WWS) into the substrate as a recultivator creates favorable conditions for the formation of a stable vegetation cover. The presence of an organic component in the mineral substrate of the iron-containing tailings waste creates favorable conditions for the vital activity of microflora. Carbon-containing compounds of technozems create a certain pool of microorganisms. The products of their vital activity create the basis for the formation of an organic-mineral substrate, favorable conditions for the growth of higher plants and the creation of a stable phytocenosis. For the induced manifestation of enzymatic activity under these extreme conditions, a considerable time is required for the bacterial forms introduced from the outside to be able to fix their presence. The maximum activity, comparable both after 1 month and after 3 months with the natural control, was noted on the experimental site with the placement of WWS as a soil conditioner. The presence of WWS and intensive accumulation of leaf litter and other plant residues contribute to the favorable development of cellulose-degrading bacteria, among which rod-shaped forms of the genus Clostridium predominate. The quantitative indicators of the enzymatic activity of technozems are close to the natural level and significantly exceed those of technogenic control.
The International Comparable Corpus: Challenges in building multilingual spoken and written comparable corpora
Authors: Čermáková Ann , Jantunen Jarmo , Jauhiainen Tommi , Kirk John , Křen Michal , Kupietz Marc , Uí Dhonnchadha Elaine
Published: June 2021

This paper reports on the efforts of twelve national teams in building the International Comparable Corpus (ICC; https://korpus.cz/icc) that will contain highly comparable datasets of spoken, written and electronic registers. The languages currently covered are Czech, Finnish, French, German, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Slovak, Swedish and, more recently, Chinese, as well as English, which is considered to be the pivot language. The goal of the project is to provide much-needed data for contrastive corpus-based linguistics. The ICC corpus is committed to the idea of re-using existing multilingual resources as much as possible and the design is modelled, with various adjustments, on the International Corpus of English (ICE). As such, ICC will contain approximately the same balance of forty percent of written language and 60 percent of spoken language distributed across 27 different text types and contexts. A number of issues encountered by the project teams are discussed, ranging from copyright and data sustainability to technical advances in data distribution.
Can scientific laws be discussed on philosophical grounds? a reply to naïve arguments on ‘predators’ proposed by Bramble (2021)
Authors: Cordero-Rivera A. , Roucourt Cezário R. , Guillermo–Ferreira R. , Marques Lopez V. , Sanmartín–Villar I.
Published: June 2021

A recent paper by Bramble (2021) argues that given that predators inflict pain and fear on their prey we have the moral right to act to minimize these effects. The author proposes two alternatives. The first is to transform predators by ‘genetically modifying them so that their offspring gradually evolve into herbivores’. The second is simply ‘painlessly killing predators’, which is the title of Bramble’s essay. We address the misconceptions that Bramble uses as central in his arguments and present scientific reasoning to discuss the ethical implications of disregarding scientific knowledge when addressing animal welfare and animal rights. We conclude that both Bramble’s alternatives are nonsensical, not only from a scientific point of view, but also, and more importantly, from ethical grounds.
Los sistemas complejos como herramienta para la sustentabilidad. Una visión desde la perspectiva de la Teoría Crítica.
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Peniche Camps Salvador
Published: June 2021

The objective of the essay presented is to discuss the nature of the complex systems methodology as a useful tool for the analysis and management of sustainability. It is concluded that the construction of a model of complex socially sensitive systems is a pending and urgent objective to face the environmental collapse suffered by contemporary society.
Inversión de tecnología en habilidades laborales y crecimiento de la producción en el sector industrial
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Barrandey Chavira Jonathan Andrey
Published: June 2021

This paper develops an endogenous growth model that describes the effects of invest-ment in embedded technology on labor learning on production growth in the manu-facturing sector. It is based on the fact that the accumulation of workers’ skills is an improvement in productivity that occurs when technological resources are allocated that improves the production process, which influences learning, and in turn, makes more efficient the work for the increase in skills. The results show that the growth of pro-duction per worker in the sector is positively affected by the efficiency of technological learning of the workforce. Thus, the greater the technological capacity in the company, the worker acquires greater skills that impact the growth of production. Also, it is noted that there is a direct positive relationship between wages and learning acquisition
LA MALDICIÓN DE LAS REDES FANTASMA
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Chávez Gómez Pedro , Fernández Uribe Cuitláhuac ,   Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: June 2021

Story written by students of the Degree in Environmental Management and Economics in which they try to raise awareness about the predatory fishing systems that we use today.