bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas XI Fase F PAKBP Materi Mengembangkan Budaya Kasih melalui Model Pembelajaran PBL SMKN 11 Malang
Authors: Y. Suwantini
Published: October 2024

This study aims to improve the learning motivation of students in Grade XI Phase F of Catholic Religious Education and Character Education on the material of developing a culture of love by using the Problem Based Learning learning model. This study is a type of PTK research carried out in two cycles. The subjects of the study were 7 students of grade XI of SMKN 11 Malang. The data collection technique in this study used a comparative descriptive method by comparing the results from cycle 1 to cycle II. In cycle 1, the percentage of student learning motivation was 43% in the category of starting to develop and 57% in the category of developing according to expectations. While in cycle II it increased by 14% in the category of starting to develop and 86% in the category of developing according to expectations. The increase in student motivation in learning also has an impact on student learning outcomes, where in cycle 1 it obtained a percentage of 57%, while in cycle II it increased by 86%. The results of the study prove that the application of PBL also proves that students are more actively involved in learning. They become more active in group discussions, find solutions, and are involved in solving problems independently. The classroom atmosphere also became more lively, with more positive interactions between students and students with teachers. It can be concluded that by using the Problem Based Learning learning model on the material of developing a culture of love for class XI Phase F, it can help students improve their motivation and learning outcomes in the subjects of Catholic Religious Education and Character Education. In conclusion, this PBL model is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. The recommendation is to strengthen the application of PBL, develop relevant materials, provide sufficient time for learning, and conduct regular evaluations so that learning continues to run well. With proper implementation, PBL can continue to be developed to help students develop their critical thinking skills.
Peningkatan Kreativitas Dan Kemandirian Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning di SMP Negeri 6 Toho
Authors: Reymundus Rio  , STP Reinha Larantuka  , Aserie M. M. Dungus
Published: October 2024

This Classroom Action Research was conducted in the subject of Catholic Religious Education and Character Building for Grade VII at SMP Negeri 6 Toho, Mempawah Regency, with the aim of implementing the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model to enhance students' creativity and learning independence. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) consisting of two cycles. The subjects of the research were 11 seventh-grade students. The results showed that students' creativity and learning independence in Catholic Religious Education and Character Building, through the application of the Problem-Based Learning model, in Cycle I, the category of learning independence was low, at 49.43%, and in Cycle II, it increased to 80.68%. The improvement from Cycle I to Cycle II was 31.02%, with the achievement indicator reaching ≥ 80%. Furthermore, the observation results of students' creative thinking in Cycle I showed a creativity level of 67.5%, categorized as "Fair," and in Cycle II it increased to 87.5%, categorized as "Good." The improvement from Cycle I to Cycle II was 20%, with the achievement indicator reaching ≥ 80%. As for students' learning outcomes, the mastery level in Cycle I was 18.18%, and in Cycle II it reached 100%, showing an increase of 81.82% from Cycle I to Cycle II. The achievement indicator reached ≥ 80%. Lastly, the teacher's competence was observed to be in the "Good" category.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis pada PAKBP dengan Model PBL Berbantuan Media Audio-Visual Materi Allah Membimbing Umat Israel Fase B SDN 071096 Mandrehe
Authors: Barnabas Berkat Gulo
Published: October 2024

This study aims to improve students' critical thinking skills in Catholic Religious Education through the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PBL) models assisted by audio-visual media. The focus of this research is the material "God Leads the People of Israel" for Phase B at SDN 071096 Mandrehe. PBL was chosen for its ability to build 21st-century skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, and communication, as stated by Bell (2010). Audio-visual media was used to facilitate students' understanding of the historical and theological context of the material, supporting Mayer's (2009) assertion that this media helps students construct better knowledge. The research results show a significant improvement in students' critical thinking skills. These findings are expected to serve as a basis for developing teaching methods in religious education.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil-hasil Belajar Siswa melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek pada Materi Mengembangkan Kemampuan Diriku di SDN 20 Laman Mumbung
Authors: Veronika Yunita
Published: October 2024

This study aims to improve students' learning outcomes through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model on the topic "Developing My Abilities" at SDN 20 Laman Mumbung for the 2024/2025 academic year. The background of this research is the low learning outcomes of students, both cognitive and affective, which necessitate an innovative approach in the learning process. This research employs a classroom action research method with two cycles involving 10 fourth-grade students. Data collection techniques include observation, tests, and questionnaires. The expected results are an improvement in both cognitive and affective learning outcomes, as well as increased active participation among students in the learning process. Through the implementation of PjBL, it is anticipated that students will gain a deeper understanding of the material and enhance their motivation to learn. This research is expected to contribute positively to teaching practices in the school.
Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Materi Kesetaraan Laki-Laki dan Perempuan dengan Model Problem Based Learning di Kelas X Fase E SMA Negeri 2 Tarutung
Authors: Tomu jaya Tua Purba
Published: October 2024

Learning motivation is an important factor that influences student success in learning learning process.  However, students often experience a decrease in motivation to learn  which can hinder the achievement of learning objectives. Therefore, there is a need for learning methods that can increase students' learning motivation. One method Effective learning in increasing students' learning motivation is the use of interesting and interactive learning media. Attractive learning media can arouse students' interest and enthusiasm in the learning process. With the existence of learning technology, students can learn independently and interactively, so that their learning motivation can increase. Apart from learning media and learning technology, management of Catholic Religious Education and Character education is also has an important role in increasing student learning motivation. Good management of Catholic Religious education will create a learning environment that is conducive, disciplined and oriented towards achieving learning goals. With good management of Catholic Religious education, students will feel comfortable and motivated to learn. In this research, it is hoped that learning methods can be found that are effective in increasing student learning motivation.  It is hoped that this effective learning method can be implemented in the context of Islamic education to improve student learning achievement. By increasing student learning motivation, it is hoped that learning objectives can be achieved better.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik Dan Budi Pekerti Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Case Study Materi Kesetaraan Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan Kelas X Sma Santa Maria 1 Cirebon
Authors: Kristofarus Dion Angga Permana  , Sukestiyarno Sukestiyarno  , Murlani Murlani
Published: October 2024

This research aimed to improve the student’s outcames of the X-2 grade F phase SMA Santa Maria 1 Cirebon year of 2024/2025 in Catholic religious and morals subjects by implementating Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by case study. This research is a classroom action research that included in two cycle with 2 confluence every cycle. Each cycle consist of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The first and second cycle discussed the subject of gander equality. The subject of this research is student of X-2 grade F phase SMA Santa Maria 1 Cirebon year of 2024/2025 which consist of 28 students. The main technique in data collecting used test, and observation, meanwhile the proponent technique used interview and documentation. The result of this research showed that the implementation of Problem Based Learning model assisted by case study can improve learning outcomes student of X-2 grade F phase in Catholic religious and morals subjects start from cycle I and cycle II is 77 in cycle I stage increase to be 83 in cycle II. The conclution of this research is the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by case study can improve learning outcomes student of X 2 grade F phase SMA Santa Maria 1 Cirebon year of 2024/2025.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar dan Kolaborasi Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Audio Visual pada Materi Peran Keluarga Bagi Perkembanganku Fase D Kelas VII di SMP Negeri 2 Sunggal
Authors: Dwinata Purba  , Yusmanto Yusmanto  , Busri Busri
Published: October 2024

This research is aimed to improve the teaching learning process and learning outcomes of Catholic Religious Education and Characters through the Problem Based Learning model. This research is Classroom Action Research. The subjects of the research were the tenth students of the seventh grade of SMP Negeri 2 Sunggal academic year of 2024/2025. The data analysis technique is descriptive analysis consisting of students’ affective learning outcomes data and students’ cognitive learning outcomes data through observation and written tests. The research was conducted in two cycles. The result of the research shows that the percentage of the students’ completeness has increased in each cylce which is 60% to 80%, and the degree of students’ participation in the learning process has increased from 50% to 80%. It can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning model improves the learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education and Characters of the seventh grade students in SMP Negeri 2 Sunggal in the topic of The family’s role for my selfgrowth and The Friend’s role for my selfgrowth”.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar dan Karakter Gotong Royong Siswa Kelas 2 SDN 07 Panjang
Authors: Dewi Yanti Gulom  , Andarweni Astuti
Published: October 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of Problem-Based Learning methods (Problem-Based Learning or PBL) in improving learning outcomes and mutual cooperation character of students in Grade 2 SDN 07 Panjang. The background of this study is based on The Independent curriculum that emphasizes strengthening the profile of Pancasila students, including the dimension of mutual assistance that is very relevant to social life in Indonesia. However, the implementation of The Independent curriculum in SDN 07 Panjang faces challenges, such as limited facilities and the need for training for teachers. These challenges can affect the formation of mutual cooperation characters in students as well as their academic learning outcomes. In this study, theories related to learning outcomes, Catholic Religious Education, and Problem-Based Learning Methods (PBL) are used as a basis for designing learning that can improve learning outcomes and mutual cooperation characters. Theoretical foundations such as Piaget's cognitive theory, Skinner's behavioristic theory, and Vygotsky's constructivism help to understand the mechanisms of effective learning. In addition, The Independent curriculum applied in Catholic Religious Education in Phase A supports the use of PBL to build student character, especially mutual aid. Through previous research, it was found that PBL was able to improve students ' social skills and learning outcomes. Studies by Nurhayati (2019) and Lestari (2017) show that the application of PBL in Catholic Religious Education subjects successfully improves understanding of religious teaching materials, student participation, and mutual cooperation characters. This study used the method of class action (CLA) which was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle includes a 105-minute opening, core, and closing activity. Subjects were 26 students of Grade 2 SD Phase A. Data were collected through observation and learning outcomes tests. The results showed that the application of PBL method significantly improved students ' cognitive learning outcomes and strengthened the character of mutual cooperation. In Cycle 2, there was an increase in student participation in group activities and understanding of the material.
Peningkatan Keaktifan Siswa Melalui Penerapan Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada Materi "Aku Memiliki Kemampuan" di SMP Negeri 7 Sintang
Authors: Nikodimus Martin Kodinar  , Timotuis Tote Jelahu  , Modestus Haryono
Published: October 2024

Student engagement in learning plays a crucial role in enhancing material comprehension and learning motivation. Active students are more likely to engage in critical thinking, participate in discussions, and solve problems presented to them. However, in many schools, student engagement remains low due to passive teaching methods, such as lectures. To address this issue, the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method is implemented. PBL encourages students to actively solve real-world problems relevant to their lives, thereby increasing their involvement and participation in the learning process. This research aims to improve the engagement of grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 7 Sintang on the Aku Memiliki Kemampuan topic through the application of PBL. The results indicate that PBL successfully enhanced student engagement, with student participation increasing from 30% in the initial condition to 85% after two learning cycles. Additionally, the students' average scores significantly improved. Thus, PBL is proven effective in enhancing both student engagement and learning outcomes.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam PAK Melalui Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Kelas VI Fase C SD Negeri 040533 Merek
Authors: Irama Br Sembiring
Published: October 2024

This study aims to enhance student learning outcomes through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method in the sixth grade of SD Negeri 040533 Merek. The PBL method was chosen for its ability to actively engage students in the learning process by confronting them with real-life problems relevant to their daily lives. The research was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observations, learning outcome tests, and questionnaires to evaluate student engagement. The results showed a significant improvement in student learning outcomes from Cycle I to Cycle II, with the percentage of mastery learning increasing from 83% to 87%. Additionally, students demonstrated enhanced collaborative skills and critical thinking abilities. These findings indicate that the application of the PBL method not only improves academic learning outcomes but also fosters character development and social skills among students. Therefore, it is recommended that the PBL method be more widely integrated into the curriculum to facilitate more effective and enjoyable learning experiences.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Peserta Didik Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik Kelas Viii Materi “Yesus Mewartakan Kerajaan Allah” di SMP Negeri 6 Surakarta Tahun Ajaran 2024-2025
Authors: Daniel Fisher Polikarpus  , Yusmanto Yusmanto  , Busri Busri
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to determine: 1) Whether the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model can improve critical thinking skills, and 2) How to implement the PBL model effectively to enhance students' critical thinking. The PBL model guides students to think critically by utilizing interactive learning media such as educational videos and Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD). These tools stimulate students' cognitive processes. This study used Penelitan Tindakan Kelas (PTK) with data collection techniques including observation, tests, non-tests, LKPD, and documentation. The research was conducted over two cycles, each consisting of the following stages: 1) Planning; 2) Implementation; 3) Observation; and 4) Reflection. The improvement in students' critical thinking was demonstrated by the average observation score of 73.8% in the first cycle, which increased to 83.8% in the second cycle. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the study showed a significant improvement in students' critical thinking skills, as evidenced by their enhanced ability to analyze questions, provide opinions, draw conclusions, and evaluate with the support of interactive and appropriate learning media.
Meningkatkan Kemandirian Belajar Dalam Pembelajaran Pak Dengan Model Problem Based Learning Materi Kemampuanku Terbatas Fase D Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Dolok Panribuan
Authors: Helena Carni Nopita Parhusip  , Anselmus Joko Prayitno  , Roida Sihombing3
Published: October 2024

Education is currently still believed to be a very effective medium in building independent learning. The learning independence that the author means in this research is related to a condition where students are able to process themselves in making decisions and are responsible for the actions they take. To achieve the educational goals proclaimed by the government, the author as a Catholic Religious Education teacher wants to take part in This includes increasing the learning independence of students in PAK which is still very minimal, especially for students in the Simalungun Regency environment and especially class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Dolok Panribuan. This type of research is a type of classroom action research carried out in class with two face-to-face action cycles. To obtain data, the techniques used are observation, tests and documentation. Hypothesis analysis and testing techniques are quantitative descriptive, namely comparing the level of learning independence before this research was carried out, namely the initial condition of students' learning independence, increasing student independence after action I (cycle I) and increasing student independence after action II (cycle II), then reflected. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in the independence of phase D class VII students in each indicator by implementing the Problem Based Learning learning model.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik dengan Model PBL Berbantuan Media Gambar Kelas VI SDN 1 Paraduan
Authors: Hasni Elinora Sitanggang  , Andarweni Astuti
Published: October 2024

This classroom action research aimed to improve students' learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education by implementing a problem-based learning (PBL) model assisted by visual media in grade VI students of SDN 1 Paraduan. The research was conducted in two cycles. The first cycle was conducted on September 17, 2024, from the first to the third lesson period, with a total duration of 105 minutes, divided into 15 minutes for the opening activity, 75 minutes for the core activities, and 15 minutes for the closing activity. The second cycle was conducted on September 19, 2024, with the same duration. The results showed a significant increase in students' learning outcomes after the implementation of the PBL model, with the average score increasing from 77 in the first cycle to 85 in the second cycle. This indicates that the PBL model is effective in improving students' learning motivation and understanding of religious concepts.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik sebagai Laki-laki dan Perempuan Diciptakan Secitra dengan Allah melalui Metode Pembelajaran Based Learning (PBL) Tahun Pelajaran 2024/2025
Authors: Nurishak Elisabet Malau  , Fr. Wuriningsih  , Budi Hartono
Published: October 2024

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education and Character Education, especially in the material "Men and Women Are Created in the Image of God" through the Project-Based Learning method. This study is a classroom action research conducted in two cycles at SDN 219/IV Jambi in the odd semester of the 2024/2025 school year. The results of the study showed an increase in student learning outcomes after the implementation of the PBL method.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik dan Budi Pekerti Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Materi Peran Kaum Awam dalam Gereja Katolik Kelas XI C SMA Stella Duce 2 Yogyakarta
Authors: Icok Ragil Prasetiyo  , Y L Sukestiyarno  , Martina Murlani
Published: October 2024

This study aims to figure out the improvement of learning outcomes of Catholic Religious and Character Education of class XI SMA Stella Duce 2 Yogyakarta using the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Student Worksheets. The achievement of learning outcome indicators in the affective assessment of the Pancasila Student Profile, with the Critical Reasoning dimension and elements of obtaining and processing information and ideas in cycles I and II showed an increase where in cycle I the average value was 73%, increasing in cycle II by 84%. The implementation of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Student Worksheets can improve learning outcomes cognitively which can be seen from the results of the final summative assessment of learning cycles I and II which showed an increase where in cycle I the average value was 74%, increasing in cycle II by 82%. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Student Worksheets supports students to learn critically and systematically to improve learning outcomes.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Metode Problem Based Learning Dengan Bantuan Media Canva Fase E Kelas X di SMA Negeri 3 Medan
Authors: Romian Kristian Imelda Nainggolan  , Nerita Setiyanigtiyas
Published: October 2024

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Medan through the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) method with Canva media assistance on the topic "Being Critical and Responsible towards Mass Media Influence". This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles, involving 13 students. Data were collected through learning outcome tests, independence activity observations, and learning motivation questionnaires. The results show a significant increase in students' average scores from 75 in cycle 1 to 85 in cycle 2. Learning independence increased by 17.5%, while learning motivation rose by 18.75%. The integration of Canva in PBL proved effective in enhancing student engagement and the quality of learning outputs. In conclusion, the PBL approach with Canva media successfully improved students' learning outcomes, independence, and motivation in media literacy education.
Analysis of Plankton Diversity and Abundance in the Wiringtasi River, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Kota Makassar, Indonesia, Patang Patang
Published: October 2024

The research aims to determine the level of plankton abundance and diversity in the Wiringtasi River, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research was conducted from August to September 2024 at three research locations, namely location 1, namely the river location adjacent to rice fields; location 2, namely the river area adjacent to ponds and beaches; and location 3, namely the location around the mouth of the Wiringtasi River, Barru Regency. Water samples obtained at the research location were taken to the laboratory for analysis. The plankton samples obtained were calculated for abundance, species diversity, species uniformity, and dominance index. The data obtained was then processed and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the highest abundance of plankton was in the Melosira sp. type plankton (location 1) and Navicula sp. type plankton (locations 2 and 3). The level of diversity and uniformity of plankton at the research location was highest at location 1, namely the location adjacent to the rice fields. The highest level of plankton dominance is found in the Melosira sp type plankton (location 1), while in locations 2 and 3, the plankton is dominated by the Navicula sp type.
Capacidad estatal y regulación del acceso a los alimentos
Authors: Quiroga Juan Pablo
Published: October 2024

En un contexto global marcado por el aumento vertiginoso de los precios de los alimentos, este libro ofrece una exploración profunda de las políticas de regulación de precios y acceso a alimentos básicos en Argentina, Estados Unidos y Egipto entre 2014 y 2015. A partir de un análisis empírico, se cuestiona la creencia tradicional en la capacidad estatal como un hecho dado, revelando la complejidad de las relaciones entre actores estatales y no estatales.

Por medio de un estudio de casos que incluye subsidios y acuerdos de control de precios, se indagan las razones detrás de las distintas respuestas políticas ante la crisis alimentaria. ¿Qué factores influyen en estas decisiones? ¿Cómo se articulan las capacidades del Estado y la presión social? Este trabajo propone un enfoque renovador que desafía las narrativas convencionales, invitando al lector a reflexionar sobre el papel del Estado en la seguridad alimentaria y las dinámicas del mercado. Una lectura esencial para comprender los dilemas contemporáneos en torno a la alimentación y la justicia social.
Efeito das dietas com baixo teor de carboidrato e baixo teor em gordura e do jejum no controle glicêmico em pacientes diabéticos
Authors: Oliveira Netto Beatriz Aguiar , Maciel Leandra Las Casas , Gomes Maria Eduarda Cotta Coelho , Melo Pérola Myrrha , Vilanova Raphaella Ribeiro
Published: October 2024

Introdução: O diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) é uma condição prevalente com abordagem multifatorial para controle glicêmico. A dieta desempenha um papel central no manejo, com várias abordagens, como dietas de baixo teor de carboidratos ou gorduras, além do jejum intermitente, sendo investigadas para melhorar o controle da glicemia. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de dietas com baixo teor de carboidratos, gorduras e jejum intermitente no controle glicêmico. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa utilizando as bases PubMed e Scielo. Foram incluídos 16 estudos selecionados após rigorosa avaliação sobre dietas e jejum em pacientes com DM2. Resultados: Dietas com baixo teor de carboidratos reduziram a glicemia de jejum (2-7 mmol/L), hemoglobina glicada (até 0,63%), pressão arterial (menor necessidade de antihipertensivos) e peso (até 4 kg). Dietas com baixo teor de gordura também diminuíram esses parâmetros, porém em menor grau. O jejum intermitente apresentou reduções expressivas na glicemia (até 8,1 mmol/L) e hemoglobina glicada (até 2%). Estudos destacaram a eficácia do jejum para atingir valores glicêmicos ideais. Discussão: Dietas com baixo teor de carboidratos foram mais eficazes do que as de baixo teor de gordura no controle glicêmico. O jejum intermitente também mostrou benefícios relevantes. Contudo, limitações incluem a heterogeneidade entre grupos e intervenções nos estudos avaliados, impactando comparações diretas. Conclusão: Dietas de baixo teor de carboidratos e jejum intermitente foram eficazes na redução de glicemia e hemoglobina glicada. Comparações entre grupos requerem cautela devido à variabilidade nos estudos.
Alterações posturais de estudantes na faixa etária de 7 a 14 anos de uma escola pública do município de Castanhal – PA
Authors: Henriques José Nazareno Abraçado
Published: October 2024

Problemas de ordem físico-corporal têm se agravado nas últimas décadas, inclusive em crianças e adolescente. Neste contexto, a Educação Física e, consequentemente, a educação postural, tem sido imprescindíveis na educação e prevenção de doênças envolvendo o muscolo esquelético humano. Assim, o estudo discute a prevalência de alterações posturais em crianças e adolescentes na faixa etária de 7 a 14 anos, cursando o Ensino Fundamental, em uma escola pública municipal da cidade de Castanhal/PA. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, do tipo estudo de caso, orientada sob a abordagem quanti-qualitativa de investigação, cuja operacionalização se deu por meio de aplicação de questionários, entrevistas e análise documental. A pesquisa fundamentou-se em teóricos do campo da Pedagogia, Educação Física, Fisioterapia, Nutrição etc, dentre os quais destacam-se: Grandjean-Hunting (1977), Adams (1985), Knoplich (1989), Cardia (1998), Morin (2000) e outros. Conforme dados obtidos na pesquisa de campo, constatou-se que, no sexo feminino, incide dor na região toráxica, sendo mais freqüente que no sexo masculino. Com relação aos hábitos de vida diária, a pesquisa revela que as pessoas do sexo feminino dormem mais em cama do que as do sexo masculino. Outros indicadores de alterações posturais foram: o sofá é a mobília doméstica mais utilizada para assistir televisão e o tipo de carteira escolar utilizada está quase sempre inadequada para o uso dos alunos. A prevalência das alterações posturais na coluna vertebral foi muito mais expressiva nos casos de hipercifose no sexo masculino do que no sexo feminino, seguido da escoliose lombar (desvio lateral) com maior freqüência no sexo feminino; depois a hipercifose (corcunda) e a hiperlordose cervical (pescoço em arco). A análise destes resultados acena para a necessidade da construção de uma metodología a   dequada às exigências físicas dos alunos, e à possibilidade do desenvolvimento de um trabalho interdisciplinar entre os professores da escola; talvez a necessidade do resgate do exame biométrico como prática no início do ano letivo; adaptação da ergonomia das mobílias escolares; a antropometria dos alunos; as avaliações sistemáticas dos escolares para prevenção e encaminhamento ao setor competente do sistema de saúde, visando um aperfeiçoamento da Educação Física nas escolas e do bem-estar dos educandos.
Osteometric characteristics of the Medieval population of Northern Sudan (based on materials from the Deraheib monument)
Authors: Chirkova A.Kh. , Fedorchuk O.A. , Berezina N.Ya.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Paleoanthropological studies of Medieval North African materials are extremely few. Despite the large number of international expeditions working in the region, very few results of craniometric and osteometric data are presented. This is partly due to the loss of practical measurement skills in European anthropological schools in the second half of the 20th century, partly due to the difficulties of studying the graves of the Islamic period. Several seasons of work of the Nubian Archaeological and Anthropological Expedition of the Research Institute and the Museum of Anthropology of Lomonosov Moscow State University on the Southern Necropolis of the medieval site Derakheyb (Republic of Sudan) were devoted to the study of this population. The purpose of the publication is characteristics of the medieval population buried in the Southern Necropolis of the Derakheyb site due to osteological features and introducing the new data.

Materials and methods. The material is the bones of the postcranial skeleton of adult individuals (14 men and 9 women). The technique corresponds to the classical program in the modification of V.P. Alekseev (a total of 74 signs and 16 pointers). The reconstruction of the body length was carried out, the total body dimensions were described, and the proportion indicators were calculated. For intra-group analysis, the principal component method was used, which was carried out using individual data using the R language.

Results and discussion. The male population is characterized by average total body size and shoulder width, while the female series is relatively narrow-shouldered. In the male series, the distal parts of the arms and legs are elongated relative to the proximal ones, and the lower limbs are elongated relative to the upper ones. The women's series featured a more graceful physique. The distal part of the leg is elongated relative to the proximal one, as in the male group; there is also some shortening of the upper limbs relative to the lower ones. Body length varies between 166 cm for men and 156 cm for women.

Conclusion. According to osteometry data, the medieval population of the city of Derakheyb can be characterized as heterogeneous, the individuals that stand out mainly correspond to those that stood out according to craniological data. The male part of the population is medium-massive, and the female part is graceful. The entire sample is characterized by shortened lower limbs relative to the arms, as well as elongated distal parts of the arms and legs relative to the proximal ones, which reflects one of the features of the tropical adaptive type.
The serotonin 1A receptor promoter polymorphism, rs6295, is associated with morphofunctional features
Authors: Vasileva A.A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The tendency to weight gain is influenced by many genetic and environmental factors (nutrition, level of physical activity, social well-being, etc.), as well as complex interactions of these factors. Studying the genetic factors of obesity can help in developing individual strategies for the prevention and treatment of this common disease. One of the most important hereditary factors is the neurotransmitter systems gene polymorphism, (including the serotonin system gene polymorphism). The aim of the investigation is to study the associations of single nucleotide polymorphism of the rs6295 locus of the serotonin receptor gene 1A HTR1A with morphofunctional features and body weight gain.

Material and methods. The study used the materials of a comprehensive anthropogenetic examination of 386 men and 418 women aged 17 to 30 years. More than 20 morphofunctional indicators were measured using the traditional anthropometric method. The material for genetic analysis was genomic DNA isolated from buccal epithelium. The reliability of intergroup differences was assessed using the Mann-Whitney criterion, while canonical discriminant analysis was used to study intergroup variability.

Results. For the first time, a significant correlation was shown between the polymorphism of the serotonin receptor type 1 gene HTR1A and morphofunctional features: individuals with the G/G genotype with greater body weight have lower (compared to carriers of the C/C and C/G genotypes) values of the indicators of the level of metabolic processes and specific metabolism.

Conclusion. The statistically significant obtained results may be used in the development of individual strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity, and also allow us to supplement the information on the association of serotonin system gene polymorphism with morphofunctional features and contribute to expanding our understanding of the human physique features formation and their relationships with hereditary predisposition.
Variability of UCP1 and UCP3 uncoupling protein genes in relation to climate in indigenous populations of Siberia and the Far East
Authors: Kozlov A.I. , Vershubskaya G.G. , Malyarchuk B.A. , Nagornaya E.G. , Parfenteva O.I. , Balanovska E.V.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between variations in genes regulating human uncoupling proteins (UCP) and environmental factors. However, information on the intra- and interpopulation diversity of allele and genotype frequencies of UCP1 and UCP3 within the territory of Russia remains insufficient. This study aims to investigate the intra- and inter-ethnic variability of genetic determinants of activity of uncoupling proteins UCP1 and UCP3, and to evaluate genotype-environment associations in the populations residing in the northeastern region of Russia.

Materials and methods. Genotyping was conducted on a total of 1,698 biological specimens collected from individuals representing 22 population groups of European Russia, Siberia, and the Russian Far East. Geographical and climatic data spanning from 1940 to 2023 were gathered for each sample collection locality.

Results and discussion. The spatial distribution of genetic determinants affecting the activity of UCP1 and UCP3 uncoupling proteins demonstrates a correlation with the severity of natural conditions. Three regression models of allele frequencies were constructed using climatic characteristics as predictors. All models are statistically significant (p<0.05 in all cases) and explain 39%, 36%, and 64% of the variability in UCP1 (rs6536991, rs1800592) and UCP3 (rs1800849) allele frequencies, respectively. These correlations revealed by the models confirm the adaptability of UCP genes in the indigenous population groups of Northern Eurasia.

Conclusion. The results of this study are consistent with the assumptions reported in scientific literature and significantly enhance existing knowledge. We observed correlations between allele and genotype frequencies of UCP1 (rs6536991, rs1800592) and UCP3 (rs1800849) genes and geographic latitude, elevation above sea level, as well as climatic indicators such as annual average rainfall, range of surface air temperatures, and the Bodman “weather severity” index. Further investigation involving a larger number of ethnic and territorial groups is necessary to better understand the factors influencing UCP gene variability formation.
Preprints: Why and how to use them
Authors: Dyer Maddy
Published: October 2024

Preprints are a key part of science communication and publication strategy. Medical writers should therefore help inform authors about preprint options. In this article, I present the arguments for and against using preprints and provide practical considerations when posting, disclosing, updating, and citing them.
Wykorzystanie sztucznej inteligencji w mediach lokalnych i regionalnych. Próba kategoryzacji narzędzi i trendów na podstawie przeglądu literatury i raportów branżowych/The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Local and Regional Media. An Attempt to Categorize Tools and Trends Based on a Literature Review and Industry Reports
Authors: Kowalik Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badania dotyczące wykorzystania narzędzi sztucznej inteligencji (ang. artificial intelligence, AI) w mediach lokalnych i regionalnych. Dokonano przeglądu literatury naukowej w bazach Web of Science i Scopus. Posłużono się także zaawansowanymi operatorami wyszukiwarki Google w celu znalezienia raportów branżowych. Rozproszone dane zostały scalone. Zamieszczono wykaz tytułów i grup medialnych, głównie z Europy i Ameryki Północnej, wraz z wykazem funkcjonalności narzędzi AI. Na tej podstawie podjęto próbę ich kategoryzacji i określenia trendu w działaniach mediów lokalnych i regionalnych w posługiwaniu się sztuczną inteligencją. Przegląd publikacji i raportów wykazał, że podejmowane są przede wszystkim badania mediów ogólnokrajowych. Brakuje opracowań dotyczących tytułów lokalnych i regionalnych. Wyniki prezentowane w tym artykule uzupełniają tę lukę poznawczą.The article presents the results of a study on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in local and regional media. A review of scientific literature was performed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Advanced Google search operators were also used to find industry reports. Scattered data has been merged. There is a list of media titles and groups, mainly from Europe and North America, along with a list of the functionalities of AI tools. On this basis, an attempt was made to categorize them and determine the trend in the activities of local and regional media in using artificial intelligence. A review of publications and reports showed that research is conducted primarily on national media. There are no studies on local and regional titles. The results presented in this article
Postrzeganie nowych technologii, w tym sztucznej inteligencji, przez studentów nauk społecznych (WDIB UW). Badanie pilotażowe: Gdzie właściwie jesteśmy?/Perception of new technologies, including artificial intelligence, by students of social sciences (WDIB UW). Research: Where exactly are we?
Authors: Marzęda Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

Poniższa publikacja podejmuje istotne zagadnienia związane z wpływem nowych technologii i sztucznej inteligencji na życie studentów dziennikarstwa. Pilotażowe badanie ankietowe skupiało się na zrozumieniu cyfrowych innowacji i ich roli w przyszłej karierze zawodowej. Głównym celem było uchwycenie, jak młode pokolenie, które dorastało w otoczeniu technologii, postrzega jej obecność i potencjalny wpływ na społeczeństwo informacyjne, jak również identyfikacja trendów, wiedzy i oczekiwań dotyczących przyszłych aplikacji i wpływu technologii na życie społeczne i zawodowe. W artykule podkreślono, że w najbliższych latach rozwój technologiczny przyniesie znaczące zmiany w różnych sektorach, zwłaszcza w biznesie, a także pomoże odkryć nowy potencjał ludzki. Wskazano na konieczność tworzenia standardów etycznych dla AI, które będą uwzględniać różne perspektywy i zapobiegać negatywnym skutkom, takim jak dyskryminacja czy naruszenie prywatności.This publication addresses significant issues related to the impact of new technologies and artificial intelligence on the lives of journalism students. The pilot survey study focused on understanding digital innovations and their role in future professional careers. The main objective was to capture how the younger generation, which has grown up surrounded by technology, perceives its presence and potential impact on the information society, as well as to identify trends, knowledge, and expectations regarding future applications and the influence of technology on social and professional life. The article highlights that in the coming years, technological development will bring significant changes in various sectors, especially in business, and will also help uncover new human potential. It points to the necessity of creating ethical standards for AI that will consider different perspectives and prevent negative outcomes such as discrimination or privacy violations.
Discourse of social capital in Ukrainian media space/Dyskurs o kapitale społecznym w ukraińskiej przestrzeni medialnej
Authors: Dovbysh Nataliia
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the discourse of social capital in the Ukrainian media space. The author uses Google analysis tools to track the number, frequency, style, volume of published material that contains the concept of "social capital." Social capital is posited as a form of capital that can be converted into goods; thus, building up social capital is important for further stabilization of social relations and restoration of other forms of capital. The research was carried out using methods such as content analysis, analysis and synthesis, typology, generalization comparison, and modeling. The results of the content analysis were organized based on 10 main features: year, genre, form of publication, number of characters (including spacing), placement location, author, format (text, video or infographics), subject area, language of publication, resonance (number of views or comments). The author discovered that the concept of "social capital" is most widely used in the field of science. It has been noted that authors of publications in the informational and scientific genres are expected to be affiliated with the institutions of higher education. It was determined that sociology, which closely intersects with economics, remains the most popular field where social capital plays a leading role among scientific publications. A positive trend is observed in the Ukrainian media space: there is an increasing frequency of the term "social capital" used in scientific and journalistic sources.
Thermal modernization of historic church with valuable historic facades
Authors: Bajno Dariusz , Grzybowska Agnieszka , Kasprzyk Izabela , Łasut Wojciech
Published: October 2024

The article describes a case study of a collegiate basilica located in northern Poland and listed in the register of monuments of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship under the identification number 601148. This building dates back to the 14th century and has been rebuilt many times in its history, serving both a sacred and penitentiary function. Currently, the facility is used only for religious purposes. Its owner and user set himself the goal of maintaining the temperature inside at a level of approximately +16C all year round, which required insulation of the external partitions, but this was only possible from the inside due to the historic nature of the façade, which is protected by law. As part of the article, a thermal-humidity analysis of vertical envelopes was carried out regarding the possibility of moisture accumulating in them after thermal modernization and its impact on their technical condition over time. The above-mentioned analysis was carried out with the support of the WUFI 2D program to assess the possibility and amount of moisture accumulation inside the envelopes and on their internal surface, as well as the Physibel Trisco program regarding temperature distribution in the cold season.
Distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) as a part of diagnostics and monitoring of prestressed structures
Authors: Piątek Bartosz , Howiacki Tomasz , Hanaczowski Marek , Siwowski Tomasz
Published: October 2024

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DFOS) is a measurement technology that has experienced dynamic development in recent years and is increasingly used in various industries, including construction. By embedding sensors during the manufacturing stage of prestressed concrete elements, significant insights can be gained into their behavior during concrete pouring, prestressing, curing, and under rheological influences. DFOS sensors allow for the analysis of structural behavior under load and changes occurring over time with a level of accuracy previously unattainable with conventional methods. The paper presents research results on the implementation of this technology in pre-tensioned and post-tensioned elements. The main objective of the research was to verify the feasibility of using DFOS sensors to identify damages (e.g., cracks and simulated voids in cable ducts) and monitor the state of deformations and displacements in prestressed concrete elements.
ZARZĄDZANIE MEDIAMI CYFROWYMI I SPOŁECZNOŚCIOWYMI – WYBRANE ASPEKTY KOMUNIKACJI SPOŁECZNEJ W SŁUŻBACH MUNDUROWYCH
Authors: Pacan Jakub
Published: October 2024

Ewolucja technologii oraz możliwości zarządzania mediami cyfrowymi i społecznościowymi wydaje się niezbędnym elementem skutecznej komunikacji, zwłaszcza w przypadku wystąpienia sytuacji kryzysowej. Efektywne wykorzystanie przez służby mundurowe kanałów komunikacyjnych, mediów tradycyjnych, jak i nowoczesnych, poprzedzone analizą problemu, pozwala na wdrożenie różnorodnych technik zarządzania w celu synchronizacji i usprawnienia funkcjonowania tych organizacji. Jednocześnie wpływa na kształtowanie właściwego wizerunku służb mundurowych, ściśle związanego z tożsamością konkretnej formacji oraz jej reputacją. Służby mundurowe są organizacjami zaufania społecznego zapewniającymi gwarant bezpieczeństwa publicznego, z tych też względów stawianie im wysokich wymagań w stosunku do prowadzenia działań z zakresu komunikacji społecznej wydaje się kwestią niezwykle ważną. W obliczu wzrostu zagrożeń, do których zaliczamy działania hybrydowe – mające wpływ na środowisko informacyjne kraju, istotnym wydaje się zatem przeprowadzenie analizy badań i materiałów źródłowych dotyczących omawianej problematyki.