bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gefangenenarbeit im hessischen Strafvollzug – ein undurchsichtiges Geschäft
Authors: Mann Lara
Published: April 2024

Nachdem im Zuge der Föderalismusreform 2006 der Strafvollzug der Gesetzgebungskompetenz der Bundesländer unterstellt wurde, haben die Länder eigene Strafvollzugsgesetze erlassen. Außer Brandenburg, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland und Sachsen sehen alle Bundesländer in diesen eine Arbeitspflicht für Gefangene vor. Auch in Hessen gilt eine Arbeitspflicht im Gefängnis für die Zeit der Inhaftierung. Die gesetzliche Grundlage hierfür findet sich auf landesrechtlicher Ebene in § 27 Abs. 2 Satz 2 Hessisches Strafvollzugsgesetz (HessStVollzG), auf bundesrechtlicher Ebene in § 41 Strafvollzugsgesetz und auf verfassungsrechtlicher Ebene in Art. 12 Abs. 3 Grundgesetz. Demnach ist Zwangsarbeit in Deutschland grundsätzlich verboten, es besteht aber eine Ausnahme im Falle gerichtlich angeordneter Freiheitsentziehung.
Non-Surgical Strabismus Treatment
Authors: Kolomytskaya Alena
Published: April 2024

Treatment of strabismus should begin with non-surgical treatments such as visual acuity enhancement through optical correction, amblyopia treatment, prismatic correction, and orthoptic exercises. The goals of the treatment are to align the eyes in cases of accommodative strabismus, improve visual acuity, improve asthenopic problems, and preserve or restore function of binocular vision, when possible. The best way is to eliminate the causes that led to the development of strabismus.
Modernization and Automation of Gemological Testing: Harnessing the Power of Laser-Induced Spectroscopy for Raman, Photoluminescence, and Photoluminescence Lifetime Analysis
Authors: Xu Wenxing
Published: April 2024

The chapter explores the revolutionary application of laser-induced spectroscopy in the field of gemstone analysis. It highlights the use of advanced techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and photoluminescence lifetime analysis, which have proven instrumental in identifying a variety of gemstones such as corundum, spinel, emerald, alexandrite, etc. This state-of-the-art technology stands at the forefront of differentiating natural from lab-grown materials, discerning treatment methods, and determining the origins of significant colored gemstones. This chapter provides an in-depth view of the practical implementation of emission spectroscopy in the analysis of colored gemstones, shedding light on its integral role in the rapidly evolving gemological testing systems. The goal is to furnish readers with a thorough understanding of how these advanced methods are transforming gemstone analysis, contributing significantly to the industry’s quest for enhanced precision and accuracy.
Synthesis of nanoparticles using pulsed laser
Authors: Naderi-Samani Hamed , Shoja Razavi Reza
Published: April 2024

This chapter provides an extensive discussion of the pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) method for synthesizing nanoparticles. It covers the production of various types of nanoparticles, such as metal, semiconductor, and metal-oxide nanoparticles, and the impact of laser parameters on their properties, such as size, shape, composition, and crystallinity. The chapter also delves into the physical and chemical processes involved in PLAL, including nucleation, growth, and coalescence, and how they can be controlled to achieve tailored nanoparticle synthesis. Additionally, it examines the challenges and limitations of PLAL, such as particle aggregation, contamination, and reproducibility, and strategies for improving nanoparticle stability and dispersibility. This chapter is a valuable resource for researchers and scientists in the laser synthesis of nanoparticles, emphasizing the significance of pulsed laser parameters in achieving desired nanoparticle properties.
Zoonotic Risk of Cryptosporidium spp. Prevention with One Health Approach in Indonesia
Authors: S. Utami Wiwien
Published: April 2024

An important part of the One Health approach to preventing Cryptosporidium spp. infection is to better understand the environmental, epidemiologic, and aetiologic factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection to formulate better risk management. The future One Health strategy aims to integrate multidisciplinary knowledge and coordinate actions to create global synergies that benefit all aspects of human, animal, and environmental health (the One Health Triad). This multidisciplinary approach recognizes the complexity of the ecosystems in which humans and animals coexist. To prevent disease transmission to humans, it is necessary to control and eliminate disease in animals. This is not only to protect human health but also to protect animal health and welfare, maintain food security, and reduce poverty.
Immune-Enhancing Medicinal Plants: Are They a One Health, One Welfare Actor?
Authors: Vasiu Aurel , Cozma Vasile , Cozma-Petruț Anamaria , Băieș Mihai , Spînu Marina , Páll Emӧke , Olah Diana , Dana Șandru Carmen , Duca Gheorghiță , Lorand Köbölkuti , Gati Gabriel
Published: April 2024

Medicinal plants have represented accessible and highly bioavailable remedies in traditional therapeutic and preventive practices of numerous populations worldwide. Veterinary treatments based on medicinal plants are also widespread, mainly targeting the control or prevention of parasitic diseases. Scientific support of the immune-stimulating efficacy of plants or their extracts in animals is less documented. The immunological activity of alcoholic plant extracts was investigated in numerous animal classes, starting from Pisces, through Reptilia and Aves and reaching Mammalia, envisaging their effects on innate and adaptive cell-mediated immunity, which the authors mean to share in this chapter, also providing a comparison of variable reactivity within and between the classes.
The 2A Story: The End of the Beginning
Authors: A. Luke Garry , D. Ryan Martin
Published: April 2024

Translational control of viral gene expression is a fundamental process essential for the vitality of all viruses. In special cases, signals encoded in the mRNA reprogram the ribosome to read the message in a different way, a process termed “translational recoding”. The 2A region of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) encodes a short sequence, only 18 amino acids, that mediates self-processing by a novel translational effect “ribosome skipping” rather than proteolysis. Briefly, 2A interacts with the ribosome exit tunnel to inhibit peptide bond formation at the C terminus of the 2A sequence. Translation terminates at this point, but then resumes elongation, creating a second independent protein product. Thus, discrete proteins can be produced from a single transcript. The 2A sequence is particularly useful in vector strategies (AAV and retroviral vectors) where the capacity to incorporate foreign DNA is limited. Use of 2A and “2A-like” peptides to link the sequences encoding several proteins in the same open reading frame has led to their increasing use as important tools in biotechnology and biomedicine. This technology has been crucial for the visual tracking of expressed proteins, human gene therapies targeting cancer, production of induced human pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine, creation of transgenic animals and plants and the improvement of CRISPR-Cas9 and TALEN genome editing methods.
Allien Species: Vespa Velutina Nigrithorax (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) – Proliferation and Methods for Its Control
Authors: de la Hera Omaira , Luz Alonso Maria , Maria Alonso Rosa
Published: April 2024

Vespa velutina nigrithorax has become an invasive species since its introduction in Europe, as it is a predator of native fruits and insects, mostly honeybees. In this chapter, the morphology of the Vespa velutina is described together with its life cycle and the morphology of the nest that this hornet builds. The proliferation of this invasive species in Europe and the economic, environmental and human health impact that it produces makes necessary the use of methods for its control. The methods for the inactivation of nest, trapping hornets and minimising the impact on apiaries are the established methods to fight against this species. Behavioural study of these hornets in captivity has been carried out to increase the knowledge on the ethology of Vespa velutina. For this purpose, two secondary nests and one embryonic nest were captured and kept under controlled environmental conditions for up to 13 weeks for the secondary nest and 6 weeks for the embryonic nest. Adaptation to captivity, defence against disturbance, colony evolution and hibernation were the different behaviours observed. The results of this research will allow us to obtain additional information on this species, which are crucial to develop effective control methods for this invasive species.
Perspective Chapter: Integrating Large Language Models and Blockchain in Telemedicine
Authors: F. Heston Thomas
Published: April 2024

This perspective paper examines how combining artificial intelligence in the form of large language models (LLMs) with blockchain technology can potentially solve ongoing issues in telemedicine, such as personalized care, system integration, and secure patient data sharing. The strategic integration of LLMs for swift medical data analysis and decentralized blockchain ledgers for secure data exchange across organizations could establish a vital learning loop essential for advanced telemedicine. Although the value of combining LLMs with blockchain technology has been demonstrated in non-healthcare fields, wider adoption in medicine requires careful attention to reliability, safety measures, and prioritizing access to ensure ethical use for enhancing patient outcomes. The perspective article posits that a thoughtful convergence could facilitate comprehensive improvements in telemedicine, including automated triage, improved subspecialist access to records, coordinated interventions, readily available diagnostic test results, and secure remote patient monitoring. This article looks at the latest uses of LLMs and blockchain in telemedicine, explores potential synergies, discusses risks and how to manage them, and suggests ways to use these technologies responsibly to improve care quality.
Public Health Significance of Human Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Alewy Almashhadany Dhary , Aziz Jamil Alani Abdul , Ahmed Dhiab Amer , AbdulMona M. Zainel Mustafa , Talal Abdulrahman Taha
Published: April 2024

Toxoplasmosis is a significant food-borne zoonotic disease that causes a wide range of clinical syndromes in humans, including pregnant women, immunosuppressed individuals, land and sea mammals, and various bird species. Felidae is the only definitive host that excretes a million oocysts of T. gondii in their feces, polluting the environment. T. gondii has a complex life cycle, with sexual reproduction occurring in cats, where oocysts are formed and excreted with feces. The meiosis of oocysts in the environment leads to the formation of sporozoites that are infectious to intermediate hosts, such as rodents and livestock animals. In these intermediate hosts, rapidly replicating tachyzoites are disseminated throughout the body, forming tissue cysts containing bradyzoites. Infected individuals become infected by ingesting oocysts from contaminated soil, water, or food. The transmission of toxoplasmosis is recognized as zoonotic transmission, with the primary route being through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, particularly undercooked or raw meat, and unwashed fruits and vegetables that have come into contact with the parasite’s oocysts. The signs and symptoms of toxoplasmosis can vary widely, with most healthy individuals having a normal immune system and mild symptoms resolving on their own.
Assigning Multi-Attribute Targets under Uncertainty with Multiple Suppliers and Stakeholders
Authors: F. Bordley Robert
Published: April 2024

A manager must create deliverables satisfying multiple stakeholders. Different stakeholders use the deliverables to satisfy multiple different (and potentially conflicting) objectives. For each criterion, the manager assigns different targets to different suppliers. If suppliers meet their targets, the deliverable score is the sum of the targets. The manager will only be successful if all suppliers meet their targets and if the deliverable scores are acceptable to stakeholders. This chapter solves for the target maximizing the manager’s probability of success both in simple cases and in the general case of multiple suppliers, multiple attributes, and multiple stakeholders. The targets introduce a supplier margin of safety (or buffer) to allow for uncertainty in that supplier’s capability. The targets also introduce a stakeholder margin of safety to allow for uncertainty in what is acceptable to each stakeholder. The assigned targets reflect trade-offs between the margins of safety for each supplier and stakeholder. For simplicity, all uncertainties are assumed Gaussian, and deliverable scores are additive in the targets. Generalizing both assumptions is straightforward.
Until the shaken snowglobe settles: Feeling unsettled when using social media during COVID-19
Authors: Landrum Brittany , Garza Gilbert
Published: April 2024

Previous research establishing the connection between social media and well-being is particularly relevant in light of findings of increased social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic. While research has fairly consistently established a relationship between media use, anxiety, depression and other indices of well-being, it has been less consistent in tying these variations to technology and user related factors. Researchers advocating for the interdependence of these factors suggest that the way users attune to the medium is decisive regarding its meaning for the user. Taking up the call for research to explore the dynamic interplay between users and technology and its relationship to well-being, we adopted a phenomenological approach using a reflexive thematic analysis method to highlight our participants’ concerns when using and engaging with social media during COVID-19. Specifically, we illuminate how participants are attuning to social media such that they experience it unsettlingly. Results revealed being unsettled during COVID-19 in the face of social media comprises three distinct movements: rupture, recollection, and resolution. Being unsettled emerges when an individual is experientially efficaciously detached from the past and its future instead engulfed in an encompassing and expanding now that is unclear and ambiguous. These results shed light on the inconsistencies found in previous literature and the importance of an experiential dimension in psychological research.
Ten Years of Pathology on Twitter (X): Landscape and Evolution of Pathology on Twitter From 2012 to 2023
Authors: Tian Roland , Wang Eric , Sivasubramaniam Priyadharshini , Baskota Swikrity U. , Sharma Anurag , Cecchini Matthew J.
Published: April 2024

Context.—

Social media is a powerful tool in pathology education and professional networking that connects pathologists and pathology trainees from around the world. Twitter (X) appears to be the most popular social media platform pathologists use to share pathology-related content and connect with other pathologists. Although there has been some published research on pathology-related activity on Twitter during short time frames, to date there has not been published research examining pathology-related Twitter activity in totality from its earliest days of activity to recently.

Objective.—

To comprehensively evaluate the use of pathology on Twitter (X) during the last 10 years.

Design.—

Pathology-related tweets were systematically scraped from Twitter from January 2012 to January 2023 using pathology hashtags as a surrogate measure for all pathology content on Twitter. COVID-related tweets were approximated by tweets containing the term “COVID.”

Results.—

There were 591 812 unique pathology-related tweets identified during the time period, with #pathology being the most common hashtag used and #PathTwitter becoming more popular since 2020. There has been positive annual growth of pathology Twitter, with peaks in use during major pathology conferences. During the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, a sustained increase in pathology tweets was observed.

Conclusions.—

Pathology Twitter has grown during the last 10 years and has become increasingly popular for pathology education and networking. With the changing landscape of social media platforms, this study provides an understanding of how pathology medical education and professional networking uses of social media happen and evolve over time.
Tuberculosis Presenting as Anterior Mediastinal Mass - A Possibility in An Immunocompetent Child
Authors: Muhammad Yaseen Tahir , Zulfiqar Atif , Hussain Shabbir , Fazal Aisha
Published: April 2024

A case of an 8-year-boy is reported who presented with a two month history of high-grade fever, associated with reduction in his appetite and subjective weight loss. He was treated empirically on the lines of bronchopneumonia, however, with no relief in his symptoms. Chest radiograph showed mediastinal widening, which prompted the need for a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the chest revealing an anterior mediastinal mass abutting the pericardium and compressing the great vessels. The possibilities of lymphoma or germ cell tumour were considered. The serum tumor markers were unremarkable. The child underwent midline sternotomy, with complete excision of mass. The histopathology of the lesion revealed multiple epithelioid cell granulomas with necrosis, and final diagnosis of a tuberculous lesion was made. The clinical course of this patient and the relevant literature is presented in this paper.
The Case of the Missing Paper: A Play in One Act
Authors: Kinsley Claire Huang
Published: April 2024

How does engaging with a playful, lighthearted, drama-based form affect one’s experience of academic learning? Read this play, gentle reader, and answer that question for yourself.
Civic Literacies: Developing Empathetic and Civically Engaged Readers
Authors: Kelly Katie , Laminack Lester
Published: April 2024

Stories offer readers different perspectives of the human experience and can develop their sense of empathy and compassion to take action for change.
Avaliação e complicações da tenorrafia do tendão de Aquiles: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Silva Eduardo Alexandre da , Ferreira Wellington Fernando da Silva , Oliveira Elia Machado de
Published: April 2024

Introdução: A existência de lesão do tendão de Aquiles ou tendão do calcâneo, acarreta em decorrência de seu rompimento prejuízo social e de funcionalidade mecânica do indivíduo. Objetivo: Evidenciar aspectos clínicos cirúrgicos e possíveis complicações da tenorrafia do tendão de Aquiles. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritiva exploratória de cunho qualitativo, através de uma revisão de literatura. Realizou-se, a busca de estudos em periódicos, publicados entre os anos de 2015 a 2021. A amostra final foi constituída por 14 textos científicos. Resultados: Os achados apontam uma produção atual escassa na temática especifica. Em linhas gerais, ressaltaram-se, trabalhos científicos voltados aos eixos fundamentais do tema: epidemiologia da ruptura; fatores de riscos para lesão; diagnóstico e tratamento; técnica cirúrgica e tenorrafia. Diversos fatores são evidenciados, para as rupturas agudas dos tendões. Acometem indivíduos na faixa etária de 30 e 50 anos de idade, em sua maioria em indivíduos do sexo masculino, relacionado a prática esportiva de impacto individual e coletiva. O diagnóstico da lesão é confirmado perante o exame físico e de imagens. Os tratamentos são distintos para cada uma das lesões. O procedimento cirúrgico denominado clássico de via aberta, e o procedimento via intervenção percutânea, qual é procedimento cirúrgico minimamente invasivo. No pós cirúrgico, a imobilização imediata, através do gesso suropodálico, promove a proteção e segurança adequada, para o método de tratamento na reabilitação funcional após a cirurgia. Conclusão: Portanto, visando a não reruptura e melhor manejo da qualidade de vida do indivíduo operado, a avaliação preconizada da marcha, bem como a mobilidade subtalar, amplitude de mobilidade do tornozelo, flexão dorsal e plantar de ambos os pés, suporte dos dedos, espessura do tendão, sensibilidade e aparência das cicatrizes, são intensificadas e qualificadas, acarretando um ciclo completo, desde o diagnóstico até a conclusão da reabilitação funcional.
Contribuições dos Serious Games para neuroplasticidade, aprendizado motor e reabilitação neurológica: revisão integrativa
Authors: Braga Marieliza Araújo , Lopes Leonardo Wanderley , Machado Liliane dos Santos
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as contribuições dos serious games para a neuroplasticidade e o aprendizado motor no processo de reabilitação de pacientes pediátricos e adultos, com doenças neurológicas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de artigos científicos indexados no Google Scholar; Periódicos CAPES e IEEE Xplore Digital, combinando descritores controlados e não controlados, em inglês e português, sem delimitação de ano de publicação. Observou-se que o uso dos serious games é uma opção viável no processo de reabilitação, proporcionando ganhos psicoemocionais, como motivação e engajamento além de ganhos motores, como aumento da agilidade, melhora do controle motor grosso e fino, e aumento velocidade de resposta, além de ser uma opção lúdica para pacientes adultos e pediátricos.
Uso do Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly em ambiente hospitalar em idosos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Cataldo Neto Alfredo , Urbanetto Janete de Souza , Carrabba Leonardo Henrique Grigolo , Sgnaolin Vanessa
Published: April 2024

Introdução:  As doenças crônicas degenerativas estão aumentando e se tornando cada vez mais incidentes na faixa etária acima dos 60 anos de idade. Assim, o Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) é amplamente utilizado como ferramenta complementar de rastreamento para comprometimento cognitivo. Objetivo: buscar evidências quanto a utilização do IQCODE para rastreio de qualquer fase do comprometimento cognitivo em idosos hospitalizados. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, por meio de busca nas bases do Pubmed, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), utilizando a palavra IQCODE como termo de busca. Foram incluídos estudos que utilizaram o IQCODE para rastrear qualquer estágio de comprometimento cognitivo em âmbito hospitalar, quando usado para confirmação diagnóstica ou quando associados a outros instrumentos. Resultados: De um total de 265 artigos, 21 foram incluídos. A faixa etária observada foi acima de 60 anos e as amostras variaram de 36 a 3920 indivíduos. Predominaram aqueles realizados na Europa, onde 15 dos 21 trabalhos foram conduzidos. O instrumento IQCODE foi utilizado sozinho para o rastreio cognitivo em somente um estudo e observou-se que o Mini Exame do Estado Mental ou o Confusion Assessment Method estão presentes em quase todos os artigos. Conclusão: O IQCODE é um instrumento válido e efetivo no rastreio de declínio cognitivo. No entanto, vários estudos estão utilizando o IQCODE juntamente com outros instrumentos de rastreio, visto que existe, atualmente, uma carência de estudos para a utilização do IQCODE isoladamente.
Green economic recovery: Mobilizing investments towards a low-emission, climate-resilient economy in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors:   United Nations Environment Programme
Published: April 2024

The project "Green Economic Recovery: Mobilizing investments towards a low-emission and climate-resilient economy in Latin America and the Caribbean" aimed to support selected LAC countries (Argentina, Costa Rica, Grenada, Honduras and Panama) to address the main barriers faced by countries when designing, planning and financing post-COVID-19 recovery plans aligned with the Paris Agreement. Throughout the technical accompaniment, a series of evaluations were carried out that analyze the opportunities to integrate-emission climate-resilient development strategies into economic recovery packages. These analyses demonstrate that recovery plans aligned with the Paris Agreement are forward-looking and cost-efficient investments for LAC governments. In this spirit, the "Green Economic Recovery" project worked closely with authorities and experts in 5 countries support the planning process with science-based assessments. For this purpose, the Green Economy Model (GEM) was used; a System Dynamics (SD) modelling tool that facilitates a comprehensive approach to environmental planning.
Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Girder pada Proyek Pembangunan Fly over Sekip Ujung
Authors: Wandiarto Ivansyah Wahyu
Published: April 2024

Pembangunan infrastruktur perkotaan menjadi suatu kebutuhan mendesak dalam menghadapi perkembangan pesat jumlah penduduk dan mobilitas masyarakat.  Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pelaksanaan girder pada pekerjaan pembangunan fly over sekip ujung adalah meninjau pelaksanaan Girder pada proyek pembangunan Fly over Sekip Ujung. Tujuan penelitian pelaksanaan pekerjaan girder pada proyek pembangunan fly over sekip ujung ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan girder mulai dari proses stressing hingga erection girder. Metode yang akan digunakan yaitu metode observasi. Dalam metode observasi ini pelaksanaan yang dilakukan dengan mengamati proses pekerjaan yang berlangsung di proyek pembangunan Flyover Sekip Ujung dari awal hingga akhir pekerjaan Penelitian ini dilaksanakan terhitung dari perencanaan penelitian, pelaksanaan penelitian sampai dengan pembuatan laporan penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan (11 September 2023) sampai dengan (11 Desember 2023). Pekerjaan Girder pada Pembangunan FO Sekip Ujung sudah sesuai prosedur. Meskipun demikian, perlu diperhatikan peningkatan pengawasan dan keamanan keselamatan kerja agar dapat mencegah kemungkinan kesalahan atau kecelakaan kerja. Saran ini menjadi pertimbangan penting untuk memastikan kelancaran dan keberhasilan pelaksanaan proyek ini secara menyeluruh.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SEPEDA MOTOR SUZUKI PADA MAHASISWA STIE MUHAMMADIYAH ASAHAN
Authors: Tanjung Adetia Azmi , Tanjung Uli Syahbara
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji dan mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk dan promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian sepeda motor suzuki pada mahasiswa STIE Muhammadiyah Asahan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Metode data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Populasi pelitian dan sampel penelitian ini sebesar 82 orang responden, teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. pengaruh kualitas produk dan promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian sepeda motor suzuki pada mahasiswa STIE Muhammadiyah Asahan adalah positif, hal ini dapat dilihat dari Persamaan Y = 1,609 +0,718X1 + 0,456X2 + e. Artinya semakin baik kualitas produk dan promosi suatu produk maka akan semakin meningkatkan keputusan pembelian sepeda motor suzuki pada mahasiswa STIE Muhammadiyah Asahan. Variabel kualitas produk berpengaruh positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dilihat dari nilai thitung (3,064) > ttabel (1,6652) dan promosi juga berpengaruh positif dilihat dari nilai thitung (5,079) >ttabel (1,6652).
AKUNTANSI TRANSAKSI ISTISHNA
Authors: Damayanti Rangkuti Adelia , Damanik Mutiara Annisa , Purba Putri Azizah
Published: April 2024

Akad dalam perspektif ekonomi syariah adalah sesuatu yang sangat menarik untuk dibahas, termasuk Akad Istishna’ dimana ada kesepakatan jual beli dengan  obyek tertentu yang spesifik dan pola pembayaran tertentu. Akad Istishna’ memungkinkan adanya suatu kondisi dimana obyek atau barang yang diperjanjikan belum ada dan masih  dalam  proses  pembuatan  berdasarkan  spesifikasi  obyek  atau  barang  yang telah  disetujui para pihak sebagaimana dituangkan dalam Akad Istishna’. Kondisi ini  tentunya  akan  membuat  potensi  wan  prestasi  dalam  pelaksanaannya  atau ketidaknyamanan dari para pihak untuk menjalankan Akad Istishna’ sehingga hal ini  yang  mungkin  mengakibatkan  produk  ini  tidak  telalu  popular  dalam  kegiatan operasional  perbankan  syariah  murni  di  Indonesia  dan  hanya  berhasil  sebagai suatuproduk  di  unit  usaha  syariah.  Untuk  itu  dalam  makalah  ini  akan  menarik dibahas    mengenai  apa  yang  bisa  diperoleh  dari  sudut  pandang  akuntansi  (PSAK 104) dan bagaimana dari sudut pandang hukum, Ketika terdapat suatu kondisi yang tidak  terpenuhi  dalam akad  dimaksud  (wan  prestasi).  Harapan  dengan  makalah  ini maka kondisi wan prestasi dalam Akad Istishna’ dapat dijelaskan dan ditemukan mitigasinya secara baik
PERAN DAN KONTRIBUSI ILMU KALIGRAFI DALAM DUNIA ISLAM
Authors: Hasibuan Nurul Huda , Dalimunthe Putri Ani
Published: April 2024

Calligraphy, one of the Islamic arts, has gotten a great attention in Muslim community. Basically, calligraphy is artistic writings (khat) taken from Al Quran and it is named based on the place: Makki, Madani, Anbari and Baghdadi. By the time, names of (khat) shown, seems like Khufi, Mutsallats, Mudawwar, and some other types of writing. Calligraphy has a big role in developing Islamic civilization in the world. The influence of Islamic power expantions, Arabitation, the role of the King and social elites give motivation and facilitate the development of calligraphy and influent the development of science especially in Abbasiyah period. After the Abbasiyah period, the existence of calligraphy still was existing, developing and showing the phenomenal calligrafers like Ibnu Muqlah.
Globuli für Umweltjuristen
Authors: Wegener Bernhard
Published: April 2024

Sind Gerichte als Institutionen des einzelfallbezogenen Rechtsschutzes geeignete Einrichtungen zur Bewältigung der Klimakrise? Könnten sie die sicherlich notwendigen gesamtgesellschaftlichen und globalen Transformationsprozesse anleiten? Bernhard Wegener bezieht klar Stellung gegen die „zuckersüße Illusion von Climate Justice“.
Third Provisional Measures in South Africa v Israel
Authors: Mimran Tal
Published: April 2024

On March 28, 2024, the ICJ issued its third provisional measures order in South Africa v Israel. The Court ordered further, more pointed, measures towards Israel to ensure the provision of humanitarian aid throughout Gaza. In this blog post, I consider that the right to be heard in the course of this third order has not been fully guaranteed since the ICJ based its ruling on the international reports which were not provided, known, and considered by either of the parties. Moreover, I argue that the ICJ underscored its decision on humanitarian law rather than obligations to prevent genocide.
The High Representative Strikes Again
Authors: Sahadžić Maja
Published: April 2024

In March 2024, the High Representative (HR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Christian Schmidt, once again used his “Bonn powers” under the Dayton Peace Agreement which, inter alia, enable him to impose substantial legislation. After a dark warning, he enacted a new package of reforms concerning the electoral process. While these reforms reflect the necessary and desirable changes in the process of the EU accession, concurrently resolving a political stalemate, this schmidtian mode also creates further political cleavages. Nevertheless, arguably a “Smith” has found a fairly clever way forward.
The Meaning of Carbon Budget within a Wide Margin of Appreciation
Authors: Hilson Chris
Published: April 2024

Although the KlimaSeniorinnen judgment discusses a number of rights of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), including Article 6 (right of access to a court), Article 2 (right to life), and Article 13 (right to an effective remedy), the focus of this blog post is on its discussion of Article 8 (right to private, home and family life). The question raised by that discussion is whether the judgment is one that will “frighten the horses” and lead to oppositional cries of judicial overreach around the separation of powers, or if it is more an unexceptional case of “move on, nothing to see here.” My argument is that the judgment is mostly the latter but that it has what, in computer gaming terms, is known as an “Easter egg” – a hidden element included by the developers to surprise and reward those who look carefully. That could turn out to be more controversial.
Spatially resolved multi-omics unravels region-specific responses, microenvironment remodeling and metabolic reprogramming in aristolochic acid nephropathy
Authors: Chen Jiayun , Li Huiying , Bai Yunmeng , Luo Piao , Cheng Guangqing , Ding Zihe , Xu Zhenyu , Gu Liwei , Wong Yin Kwan , Pang Huanhuan , Wang Chen , Wu Jiangpeng , Zhang Qian , Chen Ruixing , Xiao Kefeng , Guo Jinan , Dai Lingyun , Zhang Xinzhou , Wang Jigang
Published: April 2024

Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), primarily caused by overexposure to aristolochic acid I (AAI), is characterized by acute renal injury, interstitial nephritis, and metabolic dysfunction. Previous studies have revealed the cell-specific responses to AAI and its role in inducing metabolic dysfunction. However, the lack of structural information in these datasets hinders our full understanding of the spatially specific pathological mechanisms of AAN. To address this limitation, we propose an integration of spatial transcriptomics with spatial metabolomics methods to establish a spatial multi-omics analysis, which allows for deciphering region-specific responses, microenvironmental remodeling, and metabolic reprogramming in situ in AAN. The pathological differences between renal regions indicate that AAI-induced renal injury exhibits spatial heterogeneity. With prolonged AAI treatment, we observed an increased proportion and co-localization of the injured proximal tubule (PT-inj) and immune cells in the cortex region, accompanied by intercellular crosstalk involving the MHC-I and CCL pathways. In addition, we identified a divergent cellular response along nephron segments, with up-regulation of multiple renal stress markers and pathways after AAI treatment. Regional heterogeneity of metabolic activities was also observed, with PT-inj cells exhibiting dysregulation of carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolic pathways, as well as increased purine and pyrimidine metabolism after AAI treatment. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AAN in a spatial context, and suggest potential intervention pathways to alleviate the global burden of AAN.
A Multivariate Mediation Analysis of PM2.5 Pollution and Stock Market Returns
Authors: Khanthavit Anya
Published: April 2024

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is considered the most dangerous air-polluting particle, causing premature death and inducing severe mental and physical diseases worldwide. PM2.5 affects stock market returns directly via the fundamental channel and indirectly via the behavioral channel. This study examines the effects of Bangkok’s PM2.5 pollution on the return on the Market for Alternative Investment index portfolio using a multivariate mediation analysis. Attention, awareness, mood, sentiment, and stress, the mediating variables known to influence investors’ behavior, were considered jointly and explicitly in the model. This study is the first to introduce stress as a behavioral mediator. The roles and effects of the behavioral mediators were identified, measured, and compared. Using daily data from August 1, 2016, to November 30, 2023, this study found that the total, direct, and indirect effects were not significant. Stress was the only behavioral mediator that significantly and positively contributed to the indirect effects. This result remains unchanged for different estimation techniques, sample periods, representative stock returns, and PM2.5 occurrence times.
Financial Development and Income Inequality: Evidence from Thailand
Authors: Nittayakamolphun Pitipat , Jirasatthumb Norachit , Pholkerd Panjamapon
Published: April 2024

Despite experiencing persistent income inequality, the Thai economy has continued to grow with a developing financial system. This study examines the relationship between financial development and income inequality in Thailand from 1980 to 2020. It is identified that a cointegration between financial development and income inequality follows a U-shape hypothesis. This result implies that income inequality reduced to a certain threshold in the early stage of financial development but subsequently increased as the financial system progressed. It is consequently recommended that policymakers prioritize creating an inclusive financial environment that promotes equitable access to financial services across all financial institutions, particularly for lower- and middle-income groups.
Pilot investigations of lichens in 20 Bulgarian protected territories along the Black Sea coast, along the Danube River, and in the mountains Strandzha, Stara Planina, Sredna Gora and Vitosha. Implications for species conservation.
Authors:   University of Innsbruck, Institute of Botany, Sternwartestr. 15, A 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Gärtner Georg , Stoyneva-Gärtner Maya ,   Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria, Uzunov Blagoy ,   Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St Kliment Ohridski', 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria, Borisova Cvetanka ,   Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St Kliment Ohridski', 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Published: April 2024

The studies of lichenized fungi (called hereafter with shorter common term lichens) in Bulgaria date back more than a century. However, according to the available literature, so far there are no specialized lichen studies in most Bulgarian protected areas. At the same time, lichens are included as a mandatory element of biodiversity in the templates of modern management plans of the Ministry of Environment and Waters of the country. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to give information on lichen species and their conservation significance in 20 Bulgarian protected natural areas, collected for the preparation of their first or updated management plans, with proposals for their conservation assessment and for considering the ecosystem services they provide in the harboring ecosystems. During the study totally 84 lichen species from 46 genera, 21 families, 8 orders and 2 classes were found. Their distribution by numbers and relevant ecological groups in each protected area with a complete species list is provided below. As it could be expected, the number of species varied strongly in different protected territories, depending on their areas and main subject of conservation. For almost all studied protected areas, the data provided in the present paper are practically the first ones. Exceptions are the Reserves Bogdan, Bistrishko Branishte and Torfeno Branishte. In addition, the threats on the species Lobaria pulmonaria and Cetraria islandica are discussed with underlining the need for their protection.
Checklist of cyanoprokaryotes and algae in the large tropical River Congo (Africa)
Authors:   Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University 'St Kliment Ohridski', 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria, Stoyneva-Gärtner Maya , Descy Jean-Pierre ,   Université de Liège, Unité d’Océanographie Chimique, Sart Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
Published: April 2024

This study presents data on the floristic composition of cyanoprokaryotes/cyanobacteria and algae in the tropical River Congo, the second longest river in Africa after the Nile, which at global scale is the second most important river after Amazon in terms of drainage basin size and freshwater discharge. The results in this paper are based only on the materials collected from the mainstem of the middle part of the River Congo, in a stretch of 1,450 km, in two sampling campaigns conducted in contrasting hydrologic conditions: in the high water (HW) period, in December 2013 (33 sites), and in the low, falling water (FW) period in June 2014 (38 sites). Totally 520 taxa of 7 divisions (Cyanoprokaryota – 76, Cryptophyta – 1, Euglenophyta -17, Pyrrhophyta – 8, Chlorophyta – 108, Streptophyta – 38, Ochrophyta – 272: 242 Bacillariophyceae, 24 Chrysophyceae, 1 Synurophyceae, 3 Tribophyceae and 2 Eustigmatophyceae), were identified in the phytoplankton samples but few of them (16) were strictly tropical. Algal diversity was higher during the FW (431 taxa) compared with HW (314 taxa) and floristic similarity between both periods was only 57% based on 213 common taxa. According to the frequency of distribution, most of the phytoplankters occurred rarely and only two diatoms were found in all sites during both studied periods: Aulacoseira ambigua and Nitzschia lancettula. They were followed by the widespread Aulacoseira agassizii, A. granulata var. angustissima, Nitzschia cf. lacuum, Staurosirella leptostauron and Staurosirella pinnata. Cyanoprokaryotes and chlorophytes were found along the whole river flow, but with different species composition.
Ancient burial mounds – biodiversity hotspots and refugees for natural flora and vegetation
Authors:   Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, Apostolova Iva , Nekhrizov Georgi ,   National Archaeological Institute with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Saborna Str., BG-1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, Tsvetkova Nadya ,   GEO Polymorphic Cloud, 58 Sitnyakovo Blvd., BG-1111 Sofia, Bulgaria, Deak Balázs ,   MTA-ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Vácrátót, Hungary
Published: April 2024

Bulgaria is enormously rich in historical monuments. Burial mounds are one of the most numerous among them. They are spread all over the country but are localized in lowlands where active agriculture takes place. Patches of semi-natural vegetation are often preserved on the ancient burial mounds most of which are remnants from thousands years ago. The burial mounds which are generally surrounded by vast agricultural fields of monocultures often host the remnants of autochthonous flora. Besides being hotspots for biodiversity preservation, the ancient burial mounds are ideal objects for testing the theory of island biogeography. In our study we selected 577 mounds distributed near equally in northern and southern Bulgaria. Around each one mound a buffer of 200 m was outlined and the land use types were mapped aiming to identify the influence of land use on the floristic diversity. Our methodology includes sampling all vascular plants and their abundance within two sample plots of 25 m 2 positioned in the middle of north and south facing slopes. The scientific goal of our research is to reveal the significance of the burial mounds not only as cultural value, but also as natural treasure for the country. This would additionally emphasise their attraction as touristic objects.
El Cantón de Camuñas: republicanismo, movimiento obrero y regionalismo
Authors: Morales Díaz David
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo trata de analizar el movimiento cantonal en la localidad de Camuñas (Toledo) a través de las actuaciones realizadas por el comité federal nombrado con la llegada del Sexenio Democrático a dicha localidad. Se establecen también sus relaciones con el desarrollo del incipiente obrero español a través de la I Internacional y las primeras manifestaciones regionalistas de la Mancha Alta dentro de la república federal, demostrando las conexiones existentes entre dicho movimiento obrero cantonal, el concepto federal del Estado español y el intento de cambio social.
El Estado contra la Anarquía en el proceso judicial más voluminoso del siglo XIX español
Authors: Fernández Vilaplana Diego Luis
Published: April 2024

On July 8, 1873, the workers of Alcoi went on strike. On the same day, the mayor, Agustí Albors, urged the judge to investigate whether abuses had been committed. So began the most extensive judicial process of 19th century in Spain. Fourteen years later, the magistrate acquitted the last of the defendants owing to lack of evidence. In all, 2,000 witnesses, 717 defendants, 289 prisoners, 10 defence lawyers, 17 judges and 6 prosecutors were involved.

This was the first major case against the labour movement in Spain, sparking a bitter confrontation between the State and the followers of the anarchist idea. It was a dispute full of judgements of great impact, from the Mano Negra to the conviction of Ferrer y Guardia and more besides. The difficulty lies in the study of 30,000 pages that contain a history of conspiracy, revenge, denunciation, fear and suffering. Using these primary sources, I will try to give shape to a story that should also offer us some clues about the organization of the International Workingmen’s Association (IWA) and its survival in the underground.

El 8 de julio de 1873 los trabajadores de Alcoy se declararon en huelga. El mismo día el alcalde, Agustín Albors, exhortó al juez a investigar si se estaban cometiendo abusos. Empezaba así el proceso judicial más abultado del siglo XIX español. Catorce años después el magistrado absolvió libremente a los últimos acusados por falta de pruebas. Participaron 2.000 testigos, 717 procesados, 289 encarcelados, 10 abogados defensores, 17 jueces y 6 fiscales. Fue la primera gran causa contra el movimiento obrero en España. Se inició, de este modo, un enconado enfrentamiento entre el Estado y los seguidores de la idea anarquista. Una disputa repleta de juicios de gran repercusión, desde la Mano Negra hasta a la condena de Ferrer y Guardia y más allá. La dificultad estriba en el estudio de la causa, 30.000 folios que esconden una historia de conspiraciones, venganzas, delaciones, miedos y sufrimientos. Con estas fuentes primarias, intentaré dar forma a un relato que nos debe ofrecer también algunas claves sobre la organización de la Asociación Internacional de Trabajadores (AIT) y su supervivencia en la clandestinidad.
Luis Cernuda: Poesía y Tragedia
Authors: Sánchez García Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2024

The analysis of the tragic nature of modern culture is one of George Simmel's most important contributions. The Berlin-born author developed his concept of the tragic in several works and applied it to various objects of study including art and artists. This short essay discusses, first, the concept of the artist and tragic art that Simmel defines for the study of Michelangelo's life and work. Secondly, Simmel's theoretical proposal on artistic personalities and cultural productions that reflect the tragic condition of modernity is used to analyse the biography and work of one of the most important Spanish poets of the Generation of '27 and one of the most influential in recent Spanish poetry, Luis Cernuda.

El análisis de la naturaleza trágica de la cultura moderna es una de las aportaciones más relevantes de George Simmel. El autor berlinés desarrolló su concepto de lo trágico en varios trabajos y lo aplicó a diferentes objetos de estudio, entre ellos, el arte y los artistas. Este breve ensayo, en primer lugar, presenta la idea de artista y arte trágico que Simmel define para el estudio de la vida y la obra de Miguel Ángel. En segundo lugar, se utiliza la propuesta teórica de Simmel sobre personalidades artísticas y producciones culturales que reflejan la condición trágica propia de la modernidad, para analizar la biografía y la obra de uno de los poetas españoles más importantes de la Generación del 27 y con más influencia en la poesía reciente española, Luis Cernuda.