bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
G.E. van Maanen, ' ... om te doen ophouden de menigvuldige twistgedingen ...', Opmerkingen omtrent de historische achtergrond van de onrechtmatige daad. [Ars Aequi Cahiers, Rechtsvergelijking en Rechtsgeschiedenis, 2]. Ars Aequi Libri, Nijmegen 1995 63p. –, De Zutphense juffrouw en de ontrouwe bediende van Lindenbaum. [Ars Aequi Cahiers, Rechtsvergelijking en Rechtsgeschiedenis, 3]. Ars Aequi Libri, Nijmegen 1995. 62 p.
Authors: Winkel
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
R. Feenstra, Legal Scholarship and Doctrines of Private Law, 13th-18th Centuries. [Collected Studies Series, CS 556]. Variorum, [Aldershot] 1996. X + 329 p.
Authors: Maffei
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
The Law School of Orleans as School of Public Administration
Authors: Bezemer
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
Een Dijkgraaf in Een Leeuwekuil: Johannes Ignatius Van Hees Van Berkel (1806-1854)
Authors: Giebels
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
A. D'Ors, Parerga historica. EUNSA, Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, S.A., Pamplona [1997]. 361 p.
Authors: Wubbe
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
A. Palma, Humanior interpretatio: Humanitas nell'interpretazione e nella normazione da Adriano ai Severi. G. Giappichelli, Torino [1992]. 224 S.
Authors: Winkel
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
Ein frühbyzantinisches Szenario für die Amtswechslung in der Sitonie, Die griechischen Papyri aus Pommersfelden (PPG), mit einem Anhang über die Pommersfeldener Digestenfragmenten und die Überlieferungsgeschichte der Digesten, hrsg. v. A.J.B. Sirks, P.J. Sijpesteijn [und] K.A. Worp. [Münchener Beiträge zur Papyrusforschung und antiken Rechtsgeschichte, 86]. Beck, München 1996. VIII + 166 p., 23 plates
Authors: Stolte
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
The Earliest English Law Reports, vol. I: Common Bench Reports to 1284; vol. II: Common Bench Reports 1285–1289 and Undated Reports 1279–1289, ed. by P.A. Brand. [Publications of the Selden Society, 111–112 (for the years 1995 & 1996)]. Selden Society, London 1996. CLXIII + 2 000 183 + CXXXIX p. + 2 000 p. 185–430
Authors: Sheridan Walker
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
J.H. Baker [with codicological descriptions of the early manuscripts by J.S. Ringrose], A Catalogue of English Legal Manuscripts in Cambridge University Library. The Boydell Press, [Woodbridge 1996]. XC + 828 p.
Authors: Wijffels
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
M. Heemann, Action for money had and received: Zur Geschichte des englischen Bereicherungsrechts. [Münsterische Beiträge zur Rechtswissenschaft, 105]. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin [1996]. 219 S.
Authors: Schrage
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
H.-R. Hagemann, Die Rechtsgutachten des Bonifacius Amerbach – Basler Rechtskultur zur Zeit des Humanismus. Helbing & Lichtenhahn, Basel und Frankfurt am Main [1997]. X + 255 S.
Authors: Ascheri
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
Antonius Matthaeus, On Crimes, A Commentary on Books XLVII and XLVIII of the Digest, edited and translated into English by M.L. Hewett, Volume IV. Juta, [Kenwyn] 1996. XXXV + [2 x] p. 538–692 + p. 693–801
Authors: van de Vrugt
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
P.J. Verdam, Romeins-Utrechts privaatrecht, Notities over het privaatrecht van Stad, steden en land van Utrecht tijdens de Republiek. Eigen uitgave, Bilthoven 1997. 129 p.
Authors: Spruit
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
K.H.L. Welker, Rechtsgeschichte als Rechtspolitik: Justus Möser als Jurist und Staatsmann. [Osnabrücker Geschichtsquellen und Forschungen, 38]. [Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück], Osnabrück 1996. XL + 1217 p.
Authors: van den Berg
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
Y. Cartuyvels, D'où vient le code pénal? Une approche généalogique des premiers codes pénaux absolutistes au XVIIIe siècle. [Perspectives criminologiques]. Presses de l'Université de Montréal / Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa / De Boeck Université, [Montréal-Ottawa-Paris-Bruxelles 1996]. XX + 404 p.
Authors: Vanderlinden
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
D. Panizza, Genesi di una ideologia: Il conservatorismo moderno in Robert Ward. [Pubblicazioni della Facoltà di Scienze Politiche dell'Università di Padova, 14]. CEDAM, [Padova] 1997. VII + 208 p.
Authors: Wijffels
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
L. Lacchè, L'espropriazione per pubblica utilità, Amministratori e proprietari nella Francia dell'Ottocento. [Università di Macerata, Pubblicazioni della Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, Seconda serie, 82]. Giuffrè, Milano 1995. XXXI + 705 p.
Authors: Waelkens
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
The Fief-Rente: A New Evaluation, Based on Flemish Sources (1000–1305)
Authors: Heirbaut
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
DIE ABLEHNUNG (RECUSATIO) DES RICHTERS IM RÖMISCHEN RECHT
Authors: Litewski
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
Iole Fargnoli, Studi sulla legittimazione attiva all'interdetto Quod vi aut clam. [Università degli studi di Milano, Pubblicazioni dell'Istituto di diritto romano, 32]. Giuffrè, Milano 1998. IX + 163 p.
Authors: Falcone
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
F. Longchamps de Bérier, Il fedecommesso universale nel diritto romano classico. Liber, Warschawa 1997. 247 p.
Authors: Tellegen-Couperus
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
A. Sanguinetti, Dalla querela alla portio legitima, Aspetti della successione necessaria nell'epoca tardo imperiale e giustinianea. [Pubblicazioni della Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, Dipartimento di scienze giuridiche, Università di Modena, nuova serie, 36]. Giuffrè, Milano 1996. 162 p.
Authors: Tellegen
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
Grosse Prozesse der römischen Antike, hrsg. von U. Manthe und J. von Ungern-Sternberg. Beck, München [1997]. 236 p.
Authors: Wallinga
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
G.P. Alders, J.G. Kruisheer, A. Schweitzer [en] J. van Venetiën, Het ontstaan van Beverwijk als stedelijke nederzetting, Met een editie van de stadskeur van 11 november 1298 (Latijnse tekst en vertaling in het Nederlands). Verloren, Hilversum 1998. 72 p.
Authors: de Boer
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
D. Strauch, Kleine rechtsgeschichtliche Schriften: Aufsätze 1965-1997, Aus Anlass seines 65. Geburtstages herausgegeben von M. Baldus und H.P. Neuheuser. [Rheinischer Verein für Rechtsgeschichte e.V., Rechtsgeschichtliche Schriften, 11]. Böhlau, Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998. XI + 445 S. m. Titelporträt
Authors: Moorman van Kappen
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
I. Birocchi, Causa e categoria generale del contratto, un problema dogmatico nella cultura privatistica dell'EtàModerna, I: Il Cinquecento. [Il Diritto nella Storia, 5]. Giappichelli, Torino [1997]. 325 p.
Authors: Barton
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
K. Akashi, Cornelius van Bijnkershoek: his Role in the History of International Law. [International Law in Japanese Perspective, 4]. Kluwer Law International, The Hague-London-Boston [1998]. XII + 199 p. [Revised version of a thesis defended in the University of Utrecht 1996]
Authors: van den Bergh
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
M.A. Plesser, Jean Etienne Marie Portalis und der Code civil. [Freiburger rechtsgeschichtliche Abhandlungen, NF 28]. Duncker & Humblot, Berlijn [1997]. 246 S.
Authors: van den Berg
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
Gisela Jung, Die zivilrechtliche Stellung der Frau im Grossherzogtum Hessen, Über die Geschlechtsvormundschaft im 19. Jahrhundert. [Quellen und Forschungen zur hessischen Geschichte, 112]. Selbstverlag der Hessischen Historischen Kommission Darmstadt und der Historischen Kommission für Hessen, Darmstadt und Marburg 1997. 402 S. und eine Karte
Authors: Schubert
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
Anotaciones al Instrumentum Venditionis en Algunos Documentos del S.VI
Authors: Rodríguez López
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
Les Recours Contre les Sentences Arbitrales au Parlement de Paris (XIIIe et XIVe Siècles) la Doctrine et la Legislation à l'épreuve de la Pratique Judiciaire
Authors: Dauchy
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
Viglius' Colleges over de Digestentitel de Rebus Creditis te Ingolstadt, 1537–1538 – Een fragment: het probleem van de pecunia mixta
Authors: Forrez
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
Berichtigungsliste der Griechischen Papyrusurkunden aus Ägypten, Bd. 10, hrsg. von P.W. Pestman und H.-A. Rupprecht, zusammengestellt von A.M.F.W. Verhoogt, F.A.J. Hoogendijk [und] N. Kruit. Brill, Leiden-Boston-Köln 1998. X + 351 S.
Authors: Hengstl
Published: November 2003

No Abstract
Laboratory Equipment: Estimating Losses and Mitigation Costs
Authors: Comerio Mary C. , Stallmeyer John C.
Published: November 2003

The building code provides seismic design criteria for the structural and nonstructural systems in most building types, but there are no regulations to govern the installation of a building's contents. In certain building types, such as museums, libraries, high-tech fabrication facilities, and research laboratories, the contents are valuable or critical to operations, or both. This paper focuses on strategies for improving seismic performance for laboratory furnishings and equipment. A survey of science laboratories at the University of California, Berkeley, served as the basis for constructing a simplified taxonomy of laboratory equipment, mitigation designs, and cost estimates. Case studies of five laboratories in different disciplines, and one biological science laboratory building, demonstrate mitigation techniques and potential installation costs. The case studies also highlight the importance of considering the contents separately from the structural and nonstructural systems when developing vulnerability estimates for certain building types in earthquake loss modeling.
A Comparative Study of U.S.-Japan Seismic Design of Highway Bridges: II. Shake-Table Model Tests
Authors: Park S. W. , Yen W. P. , Cooper J. D. , Unjoh S. , Terayama T. , Otsuka H.
Published: November 2003

As part of a comparative study on the United States’ and Japan's seismic design of highway bridges, three scale models of a reinforced-concrete bridge column are tested on a shake table for their seismic performance. Three specimens, one based on the ductility design method (U.S.) and the others on the working stress design method (Japan), are subjected to a set of successive earthquake ground motions with varying intensities. All three specimens showed good performance; however, the specimen of ductility design experienced less damage than those of working stress design. Analysis of test results showed that structural degradation in each column closely correlates with decrease in the transverse stiffness, increase in the hysteretic energy dissipation, and increase in the vibration period, of the column. Two damage indices, based respectively on effective flexibility and weighted cumulative hysteretic energy, are used to indicate the progression of structural degradation in a reinforced-concrete bridge column subjected to successive earthquake ground motions.
A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities
Authors: Bruneau Michel , Chang Stephanie E. , Eguchi Ronald T. , Lee George C. , O'Rourke Thomas D. , Reinhorn Andrei M. , Shinozuka Masanobu , Tierney Kathleen , Wallace William A. , von Winterfeldt Detlof
Published: November 2003

This paper presents a conceptual framework to define seismic resilience of communities and quantitative measures of resilience that can be useful for a coordinated research effort focusing on enhancing this resilience. This framework relies on the complementary measures of resilience: “Reduced failure probabilities,” “Reduced consequences from failures,” and “Reduced time to recovery.” The framework also includes quantitative measures of the “ends” of robustness and rapidity, and the “means” of resourcefulness and redundancy, and integrates those measures into the four dimensions of community resilience—technical, organizational, social, and economic—all of which can be used to quantify measures of resilience for various types of physical and organizational systems. Systems diagrams then establish the tasks required to achieve these objectives. This framework can be useful in future research to determine the resiliency of different units of analysis and systems, and to develop resiliency targets and detailed analytical procedures to generate these values.
“Exact” Three-Dimensional Linear and Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Structures with Two-Dimensional Models
Authors: Mehrain Michael , Naeim Farzad
Published: November 2003

This paper presents a modeling technique by which a complete three-dimensional (3-D) structural analysis of a structure can be performed using two-dimensional (2-D) models, and hence 2-D software. The approach includes the effect of torsion, walls perpendicular and inclined to the direction of motion as well as walls with L, T, and H shapes in plan. Diaphragm displacements are easily modeled. The method can be used with linear and nonlinear analysis. Nonlinearity in the diaphragms can also be modeled with relative ease. Furthermore, unlike the conventional analysis that requires two 2-D models, one in each direction of motion, to model the 3-D structure, this approach requires only a single model.
Evaluation of Simple Methods for Estimating Drift of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Subjected to Earthquakes
Authors: Matamoros Adolfo , Browning Jo Ann , Luft Maren
Published: November 2003

A simplified procedure to estimate drift based on the area of load-resisting elements is presented and its results are compared with those of the equivalent-period method and the target-displacement method as defined in FEMA-273 (1997). All three methods are used to estimate the upper-bound drift based on simple parameters that represent the lateral stiffness and mass of a structure. The accuracy of the methods was evaluated using experimental results from 152 earthquake simulator tests found in the literature. Coefficients of variation for the measured-to-calculated drift ratios ranged between 0.6 and 0.75, indicating that the accuracy of the drift estimates afforded by the three methods was similar for the set of test results evaluated. Additional comparisons are presented for the proposed method based on 720 nonlinear analyses of notional frames and the measured response of an instrumented building.
On the Discussion of the Damping Reduction Factors in the Constant Acceleration Region for ATC-40 and FEMA-273
Authors: Lin Yu-Yuan , Tsai Meng-Hao , Chang Kuo-Chun
Published: November 2003

According to the ATC-40 (1996) and FEMA-273 (1997) documents, the damping reduction factors for the constant acceleration range of the design response spectra are larger than those for the constant velocity range of those. This trend is contrary to the results obtained from several recent studies and may lead to underestimates of the high-damped design response spectra. This paper points out the issue and suggests further examinations of the factor in the constant acceleration region with potential revision to design practice.
Computational modelling of shot-peening effects on crack propagation under fretting fatigue
Authors: Shkarayev S , Mall S
Published: November 2003

Recent experimental studies have demonstrated fretting fatigue life enhancement of titanium alloy Ti-6A1–4V specimens after treatment by shot-peening. Because of complexities in tracking crack growth under fretting conditions experimentally, the present work describes computational modelling for crack propagation behaviour in specimens with and without shot-peening. A crack growth model is combined with a finite element submodelling technique to assess the crack trajectory and crack propagation life in the specimens under fretting fatigue. A parametric numerical analysis has been performed to investigate crack trajectories and stress intensity factors along the crack path under different loading conditions. Obtained results revealed the features of the crack growth trajectory and stress intensity factors in the presence of residual stresses from shotpeening. These results also demonstrated a significant (2–3 times) increase in the crack propagation life of shot-peened specimens relative to virgin specimens (i.e. without shot-peening), which is in agreement with experimental observations.
Mathematical models for determination of the residual stresses on gears
Authors: Aberšek B , Flasšker J , Balicč J
Published: November 2003

This paper deals with the influence of residual stresses on the total value of loading and describes a method for measuring and calculating residual stresses and the total value of loading in the example of a gear. Since experimental methods are slow and expensive and are almost impossible to be carried out in the phase of product designing, on the basis of experiments and years of experience, various semi-numerical methods to determine residual stresses have been developed. The significance of the suggested methods is that in the calculations residual stresses can be taken into account even if there is no relevant experimental data. Thus the accuracy can be increased as, for example, in determining the life span of project products.
Effective stiffness of postbuckled stiffened metallic panels under combined compression and shear stress
Authors: Heitmann M , Horst P , Fitzsimmons D
Published: November 2003

The paper deals with the analysis of the effective stiffness of stiffened metallic panels under combined compression and shear stress as used, for example, in aircraft fuselages. The first part presents the realization of the compression and shear test facility in a finite element model. Verification of the finite element model is important for subsequent parameter variations. The second part of the paper presents the approach used to find the effective skin stiffness. On the one hand, a comparison between the results for pure compression stress and the effective width method is made and, on the other hand, the results for pure shear stress are compared with the method of Kuhn. A new approach is derived from the finite element results for combined compression and shear stress. Further parametric studies are necessary to verify the new method.
Mixed-mode fatigue crack propagation in thin T-sections under plane stress
Authors: Gowhari-Anaraki A. R , Hardy S J , Adibi-Asl R
Published: November 2003

Data that can be used in the fatigue analysis of flat T-section bars subjected to axial loading and local restraint are presented. The paper describes how finite element analysis has been used to obtain stress fields in the vicinity of a crack or crack-like flaw introduced into the fillet (i.e. high-stress) region of the component. The effect of both the position and inclination of the crack has been investigated. The inclination of the crack to the transverse direction is varied in such a way that a combination of mode I (tension opening) and mode II (in-plane shear) crack tip conditions are created in the component when subjected to axial loading which is applied to the entire flat shoulder of the projection. Linear elastic fracture mechanics finite element analyses have been performed, and the results are presented in the form of J integrals and notch and crack configuration factors for a wide range of component and crack geometric parameters. These parameters are chosen to be representative of typical practical situations and have been determined from evidence presented in the open literature. The extensive range of notch and crack configuration factors obtained from the analyses are then used to obtain equivalent prediction equations using a statistical multiple non-linear regression model. The accuracy of this model is measured using a multiple coefficient of determination, R2, where 0 < R2 < 1. This coefficient is found to be greater than or equal to 0.98 for all cases considered in this study, demonstrating the quality of the model fit to the data. Predictive equations for stress intensity factors and J-integral values, which are based on the elastic stress concentration factor, are also developed. A crack propagation methodology, based on existing theory coupled with these predictive equations, is then presented for this type of component and loading.
Cost-Effectiveness of Whole-Genome vs Whole-Exome Sequencing Among Children With Suspected Genetic Disorders
Authors: Nurchis Mario Cesare , Radio Francesca Clementina , Salmasi Luca , Heidar Alizadeh Aurora , Raspolini Gian Marco , Altamura Gerardo , Tartaglia Marco , Dallapiccola Bruno , Pizzo Elena , Gianino Maria Michela , Damiani Gianfranco
Published: January 2024

Importance

The diagnosis of rare diseases and other genetic conditions can be daunting due to vague or poorly defined clinical features that are not recognized even by experienced clinicians. Next-generation sequencing technologies, such as whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES), have greatly enhanced the diagnosis of genetic diseases by expanding the ability to sequence a large part of the genome, rendering a cost-effectiveness comparison between them necessary.

Objective

To assess the cost-effectiveness of WGS compared with WES and conventional testing in children with suspected genetic disorders.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this economic evaluation, a bayesian Markov model was implemented from January 1 to June 30, 2023. The model was developed using data from a cohort of 870 pediatric patients with suspected genetic disorders who were enrolled and underwent testing in the Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy, from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2022. The robustness of the model was assessed through probabilistic sensitivity analysis and value of information analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Overall costs, number of definitive diagnoses, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios per diagnosis were measured. The cost-effectiveness analyses involved 4 comparisons: first-tier WGS with standard of care; first-tier WGS with first-tier WES; first-tier WGS with second-tier WES; and first-tier WGS with second-tier WGS.

Results

The ages of the 870 participants ranged from 0 to 18 years (539 [62%] girls). The results of the analysis suggested that adopting WGS as a first-tier strategy would be cost-effective compared with all other explored options. For all threshold levels above €29 800 (US $32 408) per diagnosis that were tested up to €50 000 (US $54 375) per diagnosis, first-line WGS vs second-line WES strategy (ie, 54.6%) had the highest probability of being cost-effective, followed by first-line vs second-line WGS (ie, 54.3%), first-line WGS vs the standard of care alternative (ie, 53.2%), and first-line WGS vs first-line WES (ie, 51.1%). Based on sensitivity analyses, these estimates remained robust to assumptions and parameter uncertainty.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this economic evaluation encourage the development of policy changes at various levels (ie, macro, meso, and micro) of international health systems to ensure an efficient adoption of WGS in clinical practice and its equitable access.
Structural Racism, Mass Incarceration, and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Hailu Elleni M. , Riddell Corinne A. , Bradshaw Patrick T. , Ahern Jennifer , Carmichael Suzan L. , Mujahid Mahasin S.
Published: January 2024

Importance

Racial and ethnic inequities in the criminal-legal system are an important manifestation of structural racism. However, how these inequities may influence the risk of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and its persistent racial and ethnic disparities remains underinvestigated.

Objective

To examine the association between county-level inequity in jail incarceration rates comparing Black and White individuals and SMM risk in California.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cross-sectional study used state-wide data from California on all live hospital births at 20 weeks of gestation or later from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2018. Data were obtained from hospital discharge and vital statistics records, which were linked with publicly available county-level data. Data analysis was performed from January 2022 to February 2023.

Exposure

Jail incarceration inequity was determined from the ratio of jail incarceration rates of Black individuals to those of White individuals and was categorized as tertile 1 (low), tertile 2 (moderate), tertile 3 (high), with mean cutoffs across all years of 0 to 2.99, 3.00 to 5.22, and greater than 5.22, respectively.

Main Outcome and Measures

This study used race- and ethnicity-stratified mixed-effects logistic regression models with birthing people nested within counties and adjusted for individual- and county-level characteristics to estimate the odds of non–blood transfusion SMM (NT SMM) and SMM including blood transfusion–only cases (SMM; as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SMM index) associated with tertiles of incarceration inequity.

Results

This study included 10 200 692 births (0.4% American Indian or Alaska Native, 13.4% Asian or Pacific Islander, 5.8% Black, 50.8% Hispanic or Latinx, 29.6% White, and 0.1% multiracial or other [individuals who self-identified with ≥2 racial groups and those who self-identified as “other” race or ethnicity]). In fully adjusted models, residing in counties with high jail incarceration inequity (tertile 3) was associated with higher odds of SMM for Black (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29 for NT SMM; OR, 1.20, 95% CI, 1.01-1.42 for SMM), Hispanic or Latinx (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.14-1.34 for NT SMM; OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14-1.27 for SMM), and White (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.93-1.12 for NT SMM; OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.17 for SMM) birthing people, compared with residing in counties with low inequity (tertile 1).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study highlight the adverse maternal health consequences of structural racism manifesting via the criminal-legal system and underscore the need for community-based alternatives to inequitable punitive practices.
Grain Morphology and Mechanical Properties Tailoring of Inconel 625 Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Zhou Libo , Peng Zeai , Hu Zhiming , Liu Jiaqing , Chen Jian , Ren Yanjie , Niu Yan , Qiu Wei , Chen Wei , Li Cong
Published: January 2024

The controlling strategies of grain morphology and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 alloy by laser powder bed fusion are investigated, and beyond that, the effects of phase composition, grain morphology, and crystallographic texture on mechanical properties are also studied. The phase evolution is insensitive to the scanning strategies, and all of the samples are composed of γ‐Ni phase. The (001) texture orientation tends to increase with the scanning rotation angle, and the sample IV fabricated by scanning strategies of 90° shows the highest (001) texture. Different grain morphologies can be tailored by controlling the direction of heat flow between continuous layers via changing scanning strategies. The proportion of large elongated columnar crystals gradually decreases, while the proportion of the equiaxed grains gradually increases as the scanning strategies change from 0°→90→67°→45°. The rotation angle increases from 0° to 45°, and the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength increase from 1267 ± 12 to 1304 ± 5 MPa and 760 ± 10 to 801 ± 5 MPa, respectively, which is attributed to the different stress states presented in the columnar crystals and the equiaxed crystals.
An Activatable Dual Polymer Nanosystem for Photoimmunotherapy and Metabolic Modulation of Deep‐Seated Tumors
Authors: Liu Gengqi , Li Jiexin , Wang Xiaojie , Ren He , Zhang Yumiao
Published: January 2024

Nanomedicine in combination with immunotherapy has shown great potential in the cancer treatment, but phototherapeutic nanomaterials that specifically activate the immunopharmacological effects in deep tumors have rarely been developed due to limited laser penetration depth and tumor immune microenvironment. Herein, this work reports a newly synthesized semiconducting polymer (SP) grafted with imiquimod R837 and indoxmid encapsulated micelle (SPRIN‐micelle) with strong absorption in the second near infrared window (NIR‐II) that can relieve tumor immunosuppression and enhance the photothermal immunotherapy and catabolic modulation on tumors. Immune agonists (Imiquimod R837) and immunometabolic modulators (indoxmid) are covalently attached to NIR‐II SP sensors via a glutathione (GSH) responsive self‐immolation linker and then loaded into Pluronic F127 (F127) micelles by a temperature‐sensitive critical micelle concentration (CMC)‐switching method. Using this method, photothermal effect of SPRIN‐micelles in deep‐seated tumors can be activated, leading to effective tumor ablation and immunogenic cell death (ICD). Meanwhile, imiquimod and indoxmid are tracelessly released in response to the tumor microenvironment, resulting in dendritic cell (DC) maturation by imiquimod R837 and inhibition of both indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) activity and Treg cell expression by indoxmid. Ultimately, cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte infiltration and tumor metastasis inhibition in deep solid tumors (9 mm) are achieved. In summary, this work demonstrates a new strategy for the combination of photothermal immunotherapy and metabolic modulation by developing a dual functional polymer system including activable SP and temperature‐sensitive F127 for the treatment of deep solid tumors.
Enabling Self‐Adaptive Water‐Energy‐Balance of Photothermal Water Diode Evaporator: Dynamically Maximizing Energy Utilization Under the Ever‐Changing Sunlight
Authors: Wei Dan , Wang Chengbing , Shi Guoliang , Zhang Jing , Wang Fan , Tan Puxin , Zhao Zexiang , Xie Yunong
Published: January 2024

Maintaining a match between input solar energy and required energy by water supply management is key to achieving efficient interfacial solar‐driven evaporation (ISDE). In practice, the solar radiation flux is constantly changing throughout the day, so keeping a dynamic water‐energy‐balance of ISDE is a big challenge. Herein, a photothermal water diode (WD) evaporator concept is proposed by an integrated hydrophilic/hydrophobic Janus absorber to overcome the issue. Due to the unique unidirectional water transport properties induced by asymmetric wettability, a self‐adaptive balance between photothermal energy input and water uptake is established, thus realizing the energy matching and utilization maximization. The experimental and simulation results exhibit that with the increase of sunlight intensity, the water supply speed is significantly accelerated due to the dynamic management and self‐regulation on water replenishment. Therefore, an excellent evaporation rate of up to 2.14 kg m–2 h–1 with a high efficiency of 93.7% under 1 sun illumination is achieved. This water diode engineering with Janus wettability provides a novel strategy and extends the path for designing solar evaporation systems with diverse water supply properties, which shows great potential in different environmental conditions.
Meta‐Structured Covalent Organic Framework Nanocoatings with Active and Angle‐Independent Structural Coloration
Authors: Jiang Yanqiu , Chen Di , Zhang Ziyang , Wu Xubing , Tu Yinuo , Zheng Zhenqian , Mao Linjie , Li Wei , Ma Yuting , Yang Xuan , Wang Wen‐Jun , Liu Pingwei
Published: January 2024

High‐performance multifunctional nanocoatings not only protect and enhance substrate materials but also offer additional functionalities. This demands a sophisticated coordination of the coating's inherent properties and microstructural features. Here, a multifunctional active nanocoating via meta‐structural engineering of covalent organic framework (COF) deposition materials is presented. This COF nanocoating, characterized by well‐defined micropores (1–2 nm), meta‐structured textures (30–300 nm), tailored thickness (100–300 nm), and good uniformness, showcases a unique combination of angle‐independent structural coloration and ultrafast responsiveness to gaseous stimuli. Remarkably, it demonstrates good compatibility with a wide range of inert substrate materials, from rigid ones like glass and metal to flexible elastomers and nanomaterial films of various shapes and sizes. This versatility enables the facile development of devices that can optically report information about their environments. Examples include chemically active coatings with ultrafast (≈10 ms) color‐changing behaviors and programmable actuation behaviors upon exposure to gaseous stimuli, and mechanically active coatings that can detect substrate strain up to 50% yet maintain structural robustness and consistent coloration hue. It is believed that meta‐structural engineering of COF nanocoatings on inert substrates can enable them to respond to environmental stimuli, potentially indicating a new trend in developing multifunctional materials and smart devices.
Microalgae‐Based Hydrogel for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Associated Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Zhong Danni , Jin Kangyu , Wang Ruoxi , Chen Bing , Zhang Jinghui , Ren Chaojie , Chen Xiaoyuan , Lu Jing , Zhou Min
Published: January 2024

Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exhibit a notable prevalence of psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Nevertheless, the etiology of psychiatric disorders associated with IBD remains uncertain, and an efficacious treatment approach has yet to be established. Herein, an oral hydrogel strategy (SP@Rh‐gel) is proposed for co‐delivery of Spirulina platensis and rhein to treat IBD and IBD‐associated anxiety and depression by modulating the microbiota‐gut‐brain axis. SP@Rh‐gel improves the solubility, release characteristics and intestinal retention capacity of the drug, leading to a significant improvement in the oral therapeutic efficacy. Oral administration of SP@Rh‐gel can reduce intestinal inflammation and rebalance the disrupted intestinal microbial community. Furthermore, SP@Rh‐gel maintains intestinal barrier integrity and reduces the release of pro‐inflammatory factors and their entry into the hippocampus through the blood‐brain barrier, thereby inhibiting neuroinflammation and maintaining neuroplasticity. SP@Rh‐gel significantly alleviates the colitis symptoms, as well as anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors, in a chronic colitis mouse model. This study demonstrates the significant involvement of the microbiota‐gut‐brain axis in the development of IBD with psychiatric disorders and proposes a safe, simple, and highly efficient therapeutic approach for managing IBD and comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Mechanical Stimulation of Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Hydrogels for Rapid Re‐Epithelialization
Authors: Yang Wei , Zhong Wenwen , Yan Shengtao , Wang Shuting , Xuan Chengkai , Zheng Ke , Qiu Jianguang , Shi Xuetao
Published: January 2024

The epithelium, an essential barrier to protect organisms against infection, exists in many organs. However, rapid re‐epithelialization to restore tissue integrity and function in an adverse environment is challenging. In this work, a long‐term anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant hydrogel with mechanical stimulation for rapid re‐epithelialization, mainly composed of the small molecule thioctic acid, biocompatible glycine, and γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles is reported. Glycine‐modified supramolecular thioctic acid is stable and possesses outstanding mechanical properties. The incorporating γ‐Fe2O3 providing the potential contrast function for magnetic resonance imaging observation, can propel hydrogel reconfiguration to enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogel underwater due to water‐initiated release of Fe3+. In vitro experiments show that the hydrogels effectively reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species, guided macrophages toward M2 polarization, and alleviated inflammation. The effect of rapid re‐epithelialization is ultimately demonstrated in a long urethral injury model in vivo, and the mechanical stimulation of hydrogels achieves effective functional replacement and ultimately accurate remodeling of the epithelium. Notably, the proposed strategy provides an advanced alternative treatment for patients in need of large‐area epithelial reconstruction.
Piezoionic Elastomers by Phase and Interface Engineering for High‐Performance Energy‐Harvesting Ionotronics
Authors: Zhu Weiyan , Wu Baohu , Lei Zhouyue , Wu Peiyi
Published: January 2024

Piezoionic materials play a pivotal role in energy‐harvesting ionotronics. However, a persistent challenge lies in balancing the structural requirements for voltage generation, current conduction, and mechanical adaptability. The conventional approach of employing crystalline heterostructures for stress concentration and localized charge separation, while effective for voltage generation, often compromises the stretchability and long‐range charge transport found in homogeneous quasisolid states. Herein, phase and interface engineering strategy is introduced to address this dilemma and a piezoionic elastomer is presented that seamlessly integrates ionic liquids and ionic plastic crystals, forming a finely tuned microphase‐separated structure with an intermediate phase. This approach promotes charge separation via stress concentration among hard phases while leveraging the high ionic charge mobility in soft and intermediate phases. Impressively, the elastomer achieves an extraordinary piezoionic coefficient of about 6.0 mV kPa−1, a more than threefold improvement over current hydrogels and ionogels. The resulting power density of 1.3 µW cm−3 sets a new benchmark, exceeding that of state‐of‐the‐art piezoionic gels. Notably, this elastomer combines outstanding stretchability, remarkable toughness, and rapid self‐healing capability, underscoring its potential for real‐world applications. This work may represent a stride toward mechanically robust energy harvesting systems and provide insights into ionotronic systems for human–machine interaction.
Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines via Addition of Furfural‐Derived Trienolates to Pyridiniums under NHC Catalysis
Authors: Xu Yuan‐Yuan , Jin Ming‐Lei , Gao Zhong‐Hua , Ye Song
Published: January 2024

Both furan and 1,4‐dihydropyridine (1,4‐DHP) are key structural motifs in pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report the synthesis of 4‐(furan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridines from pyridiniums and furfural derivatives under NHC catalysis. This reaction involves the generation of NHC‐bounded trienolates from furfural derivatives and following addition to the C‐4 position of N‐aryl pyridinium salts. This protocol features good yields (41–99%), and high levels of regioselectivity (>20:1 for all cases).
Hydroformylation of Alkynyl Sulfides: A Stereo‐ and Regioselective Route to α‐Sulfenyl Acroleins
Authors: Wagner Patrick , Gulea Mihaela , Girard Nicolas
Published: January 2024

The rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation of alkynyl sulfides at 40 °C under 5 bars of syngas is described. The method gives access to α‐sulfenyl acroleins with α/β regioselectivities up to 89/11 and is applicable to alkyl or aryl substituted substrates. It is effective even on more complex substrates, such as cysteine and cholesterol derivatives. To demonstrate the synthetic potential of the obtained products, (Z)‐3‐cyclohexyl‐2‐methylsulfenyl acrolein was selected as an example and its sulfur atom selectively oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxide or sulfone. Acid‐promoted (Z) to (E) isomerization of the double bond occurred during oxidation. The three obtained sulfenyl‐, sulfinyl‐, and sulfonyl‐functionalized acroleins have been then used as dienophiles to access cyclohexene carbaldehydes.
Site‐Selective Pyridination of Benzylic and Allylic C−H bonds via Radical‐Radical Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Chen Jun‐Jie , Wang Zhan‐Jie , Huang Huan‐Ming
Published: January 2024

Herein, we report a modular photocatalytic platform for the site‐selective pyridination of saturated hydrocarbon compounds employing organic photoredox catalysis to forge new carbon‐carbon bonds. The site‐selective C−H pyridination could couple benzylic/allylic C−H bonds with pyridylphosphonium salts, which installed directly and regioselectively from C−H heteroarenes through a radical‐radical cross coupling mechanism. This synthetic methodology could tolerate a variety of functional groups, complex heteroarenes, even late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals selectively.
Application of Cell Membrane Vesicles in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Cheng Yun , Wu Haoan , Ma Ming , Zhang Yu
Published: January 2024

Application of nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis and treatment has gained much attention in the past decade. Because of the advantages of cargo protection, targeting delivery, controlled release, and so on, nanoparticles are widely applied in cancer therapies. However, bare nanoparticles prove not potent enough. Obstacles of immune rejection, low targeting rate, and insufficient circulation time limit the application of bare nanoparticles against cancer. Therefore, inspired by surface modification, invention of cell membrane coating technology has solved the above problems. Nanoparticles camouflaged in cell membranes not only improve biocompatibility, but also benefit from weak immunogenicity, homotypic fusion, prolonged circulation time, and other specialized properties bestowed by source cells accordingly. Through combination of cell membrane vesicles and other novel techniques, innovative methods of cancer diagnosis and treatment are feasible. Here recent advances in cell membrane coating technology are discussed. Apart from introducing methodology of cell membrane vesicle fabrication and characterization, examples of cell membrane vesicle with diverse source cells are given to present specialized application properties. A proposition of constructing donor cell database and cell membrane vesicle bank is presented to counter the current challenges in clinical application.
A 3D In Vitro Triculture Hybrid Model Recapitulating Tumor Stromal Interaction of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer as a High Throughput Anticancer Drug Screening Platform
Authors: Jaiswal Chitra , Mandal Biman B.
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer (BC) progression is substantially driven by cellular cross‐talk between tumor and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, lack of precise recapitulation of the heterocellular complexity, interactions in oversimplified 2D models, and physiological differences in animal models lead to discrepancy in anticancer drug response. Three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro bioengineered models that physiologically resemble in vivo TME are apt to overcome the discrepancy in the preclinical drug testing outcome. Here, a compartmentalized 3D in vitro triculture triple‐negative breast cancer (TC‐TNBC) model is bioengineered using silk‐fibroin (SF) scaffold and GelMA hydrogel for recapitulating stromal and tumor extracellular niche, respectively. The model features the cellular heterogeneity of stromal niche by incorporating most representative cell types in breast tissue, i.e., adipocytes and endothelial cells, and MDA‐MB‐231 cells in the tumor niche. The TC‐TNBC model exhibits enhanced tumorigenic potential in the presence of stromal cells. Screening of model anticancer drugs (doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (Cis)) exhibits an increase in IC50concentration in TC‐TNBC as compared to monoculture, suggesting crucial role of stromal cells in drug response. Drug sensitivity and cytotoxicity behavior mimick the in vivo like drug response. This model provides a facile and adaptable platform to represent tumor‐stromal heterogeneity and high‐throughput anticancer drug screening.
CMD + V for chemistry: Image to chemical structure conversion directly done in the clipboard
Authors: Schilter Oliver Tobias , Laino Teodoro , Schwaller Philippe
Published: January 2024

We present Clipboard‐to‐SMILES Converter (C2SC), a macOS application that directly converts molecular structures from the clipboard. The app focuses on seamlessly converting screenshots of molecules into a desired molecular representation. It supports a wide range of molecular representations, such as SMILES, SELFIES, InChI's, IUPAC names, RDKit Mol's, and CAS numbers, allowing effortless conversion between these formats within the clipboard. C2SC automatically saves converted molecules to a local history file and displays the last 10 entries for quick access. Additionally, it incorporates several SMILES operations, including canonicalization, augmentation, as well price‐searching molecules on chemical vendors for the cost‐effective purchasing option. Beyond the one‐click conversion from clipboard to molecular structures, the app offers continuous monitoring of the clipboard which automatically converts any supported representations or images detected into SMILES. The convenient interface, directly in the status bar, as well as availability as macOS application, makes C2SC useful for a broad community not requiring any programming expertise. Most conversions are performed locally, notably the image‐to‐SMILES conversion, with internet access only necessary for specific tasks like price lookups. In summary, C2SC provides a user‐friendly and efficient solution for converting molecular structures directly from the clipboard, offering seamless conversions between comprehensive chemical representations and can be directly downloaded from https://github.com/O-Schilter/Clipboard-to-SMILES-Converter.
Resting heart rate but not heart rate variability is associated with the normal‐weight obesity phenotype
Authors: Plaza‐Florido Abel , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Alcantara Juan M. A.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To determine differences in resting heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) between young adults with normal‐weight obesity (NWO) and normal‐weight lean (NWL).

Methods

A total of 65 normal‐weight individuals (18–25 years old, 50 women, body mass index 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) were included in this cross‐sectional study. Body fat percentage was determined using a whole‐body dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry scanner. Resting HRV and HR were assessed with the Polar RS800CX. Forty‐one participants were classified as NWO and 24 NWL using cutoff points for body fat percentage (33.3% for women and 23.1% for men).

Results

There were no differences in HRV between NWO and NWL groups (all p > .05). HR was higher in NWO (mean 70 beats per minute [bpm], standard deviation [SD] 8) than in NWL adults (mean 65 bpm, SD 10), the adjusted mean difference 5 bpm (95% CI, 0 to 10 bpm).

Conclusion

HR is a noninvasive biomarker and relatively cheap, fast, and easy to measure that could detect “apparently healthy” young individuals with an adverse cardiovascular disease risk profile despite presenting a normal body weight.
Long‐term psychiatric disorders in families of severe COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Shirasaki Kasumi , Hifumi Toru , Sekiguchi Moe , Isokawa Shutaro , Nakao Yusuke , Tanaka Shinobu , Hashiuchi Shinsuke , Imai Ryosuke , Otani Norio
Published: January 2024

Aim

The present study aimed to describe in detail the changes to and assess the risk factors for poor long‐term outcomes of psychiatric disorders in families of COVID‐19 patients.

Methods

A single‐center, retrospective study using questionnaires. Family members of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe COVID‐19 participated. Psychiatric disorders refer to the psychological distress such as anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experienced by the patient's family.

Results

Forty‐six family members completed the survey and were analyzed. Anxiety, depression, and PTSD occurred in 24%, 33%, and 2% of family members, respectively, and psychiatric disorders occurred in 39%. On multivariable analysis, living in the same house with the patient was independently associated with a lower risk of psychiatric disorders in families of COVID‐19 patients (OR, 0.180; 95% CI, 0.036–0.908; p = 0.038). Furthermore, four family members overcame psychiatric disorders, and six family members newly developed psychiatric disorders during the one‐year follow‐up period.

Conclusion

Approximately 40% of family members had long‐term psychiatric disorders, and some of them overcame the psychiatric disorders, and some newly developed psychiatric disorders over the one‐year follow‐up. Living in the same house with the patient was possibly significantly associated with the reduction of long‐term symptoms of psychiatric disorders, but this result must be interpreted with care. Further large studies are needed to examine the factors associated with the long‐term mental status of family members.