bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transition metal doping activated basal-plane catalytic activity of two-dimensional 1T’-ReS2 for hydrogen evolution reaction: a first-principles calculation study
Authors: Pan Jing , Wang Rui , Xu Xiaoyong , Hu Jingguo , Ma Liang
Published: May 2019

Non-noble transition metals Mo and Cr doping greatly enhances the basal-plane catalytic activity of two-dimensional 1T′-ReS2 for hydrogen evolution reaction as comparable with those of Pt-doping.
Spatio-temporal dynamics in graphene
Authors: Jago Roland , Perea-Causin Raül , Brem Samuel , Malic Ermin
Published: May 2019

The dynamics of optically excited carriers in graphene is resolved in time, momentum and space revealing the interplay of diffusion and scattering processes.
Rapid microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of CeO2 octahedra with mixed valence states and their catalytic activity for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Shi Jing , Wang Huixiang , Liu Yequn , Ren Xiaobo , Sun Haizhen , Lv Baoliang
Published: May 2019

CeO2 octahedra are prepared rapidly and they exhibit improved catalytic activity due to high concentration of oxygen vacancies and exposed (111) facets.
Synthesis of a dimer of the repeating unit of type Ia group BStreptococcusextracellular capsular polysaccharide and immunological evaluations of related protein conjugates
Authors: Liao Guochao , Guo Jiatong , Yang Deying , Zhou Zhifang , Liu Zhongqiu , Guo Zhongwu
Published: May 2019

A dimer of the repeating unit of Type Ia group BStreptococcuscapsular polysaccharide was first synthesized, and related protein conjugates induced robust immune responses to carbohydrate antigens.
Trimethylsilyl azide (C3H9N3Si): a highly efficient additive for tailoring fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) based electrolytes for Li-metal batteries
Authors: Park Seong-Jin , Hwang Jang-Yeon , Sun Yang-Kook
Published: May 2019

The addition of trimethylsilyl azide (C3H9N3Si) to FEC-based electrolytes enhances Li-metal stability and thus it enables the outstanding cycling stability of Li-metal battery at a practical level.
A kinetically well-matched full-carbon sodium-ion capacitor
Authors: Zou Kangyu , Cai Peng , Liu Cheng , Li Jiayang , Gao Xu , Xu Laiqiang , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Liu Zuming , Ji Xiaobo
Published: May 2019

A kinetically well-matched sodium-ion capacitor was constructed using an anode displaying strong pseudocapacitive storage behavior.
Collaboration, competition and publication in toxicology: views of British Toxicology Society members
Authors: Walker Emma S. , Roberts Ruth A. , Gill Jason H.
Published: May 2019

BTS members offer their opinions and interesting suggestions for improvement around resourcing, collaboration, competition, infrastructure and peer review in toxicology.
Bacteriophage gene products as potential antimicrobials against tuberculosis
Authors: Puiu Maria , Julius Christina
Published: May 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is recognised as one of the most pressing global health threats among infectious diseases. Bacteriophages are adapted for killing of their host, and they were exploited in antibacterial therapy already before the discovery of antibiotics. Antibiotics as broadly active drugs overshadowed phage therapy for a long time. However, owing to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance and the increasing complexity of treatment of drug-resistant TB, mycobacteriophages are being studied for their antimicrobial potential. Besides phage therapy, which is the administration of live phages to infected patients, the development of drugs of phage origin is gaining interest. This path of medical research might provide us with a new pool of previously undiscovered inhibition mechanisms and molecular interactions which are also of interest in basic research of cellular processes, such as transcription. The current state of research on mycobacteriophage-derived anti-TB treatment is reviewed in comparison with inhibitors from other phages, and with focus on transcription as the host target process.
The LOFAR Tied-Array All-Sky Survey (LOTAAS): Survey overview and initial pulsar discoveries
Authors: Sanidas S. , Cooper S. , Bassa C. G. , Hessels J. W. T. , Kondratiev V. I. , Michilli D. , Stappers B. W. , Tan C. M. , van Leeuwen J. , Cerrigone L. , Fallows R. A. , Iacobelli M. , Orrú E. , Pizzo R. F. , Shulevski A. , Toribio M. C. , ter Veen S. , Zucca P. , Bondonneau L. , Grießmeier J.-M. , Karastergiou A. , Kramer M. , Sobey C.
Published: May 2019

We present an overview of the LOFAR Tied-Array All-Sky Survey (LOTAAS) for radio pulsars and fast transients. The survey uses the high-band antennas of the LOFAR Superterp, the dense inner part of the LOFAR core, to survey the northern sky (δ >  0°) at a central observing frequency of 135 MHz. A total of 219 tied-array beams (coherent summation of station signals, covering 12 square degrees), as well as three incoherent beams (covering 67 square degrees) are formed in each survey pointing. For each of the 222 beams, total intensity is recorded at 491.52 μs time resolution. Each observation integrates for 1 hr and covers 2592 channels from 119 to 151 MHz. This instrumental setup allows LOTAAS to reach a detection threshold of 1–5 mJy for periodic emission. Thus far, the LOTAAS survey has resulted in the discovery of 73 radio pulsars. Among these are two mildly recycled binary millisecond pulsars (P = 13 and 33 ms), as well as the slowest-spinning radio pulsar currently known (P = 23.5 s). The survey has thus far detected 311 known pulsars, with spin periods ranging from 4 ms to 5.0 s and dispersion measures from 3.0 to 217 pc cm−3. Known pulsars are detected at flux densities consistent with literature values. We find that the LOTAAS pulsar discoveries have, on average, longer spin periods than the known pulsar population. This may reflect different selection biases between LOTAAS and previous surveys, though it is also possible that slower-spinning pulsars preferentially have steeper radio spectra. LOTAAS is the deepest all-sky pulsar survey using a digital aperture array; we discuss some of the lessons learned that can inform the approach for similar surveys using future radio telescopes such as the Square Kilometre Array.
Active Noise Control proposal design enhanced because of using sensors/actuators based on nanostructures
Authors: Calderón Jesus A. , Tafur Julio C. , Barriga Eliseo B. , Mas Roland , Chirinos Luis , Barrantes Enrique , Alencastre Jorge , Melgarejo Oscar , Lozano John H. , Heinrich Bjorn , Aguilar Enrique , Lengua Juan C.
Published: May 2019

Big machines and motors, that under operating work produces high decibels of noise in wide range of work, these values are near 90 dB that is not healthy for humans. Normally, it is used passive mechanisms to attenuate noise such as big headphones. However that solution is not enough when noise has changes in frequency domain. Therefore, it is proposed in this work a solution by noise cancellation with Active Mechanisms; nevertheless, we designed a hybrid algorithm improved through predictive/adaptive concurrent algorithms strategies, with Active Noise Cancellation (ANC). By other side, based on nanostructures, it has been analyzed the effect in robustness and wide range of work by frequency domain in order to enhance noise cancellation.
Node scheduling in heterogeneous IoT systems with cluster topology
Authors: Luo Xu , Yang Jun
Published: May 2019

IoT systems are heterogeneous network systems which consist of sensor terminals monitoring different objects. Terminal sensors have different sampling frequencies determined by minimum Nyquist sampling requirements. It is difficult to ensure synchronization when monitoring data of different sensors is transmitted to the data center. In consideration of sampling requirements of different terminals and in order to upload the sampling data timely and avoid data congestion, an applicable node scheduling scheme is necessary. In this paper node scheduling algorithms are proposed in hierarchical IoT systems with cluster topologies. The IoT systems include IoT alarming systems and IoT monitoring systems. In the simulation test, node scheduling methods are tested and the validity is demonstrated quantitatively.
Effect of External Magnetic Field on Dynamics of Two-dimensional Isotropic Conducting Flow
Authors: Chitsaz Mahzad , Fathali Mani
Published: May 2019

In this article, the impact of external uniform magnetic field on the dynamic characteristics and mixing parameters of two-dimensional isotropic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow is investigated. For this purpose, the direct numerical simulation (DNS) is applied to two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes and magnetic induction equations by pseudo-spectral method. Governing equations are considered in the N-S vorticity equations to guarantee the incompressibility conditions and remove the pressure term from equations. The Results of the calculations show that the deformation of vortexes by external magnetic field reduces the mixing efficiency. It is also demonstrated that in MHD flow the energy is exchanged by Lorentz force between the flow and the magnetic field in such a way that the kinetic energy decreases and consequently mixing of the fluid is reduced. This energy transfer causes reduction of viscous dissipation of energy and mixing efficiency, despite increasing the total dissipated energy rate.
Numerical analysis of heat transfer in air-water heat exchanger with microchannel coil
Authors: Glazar Vladimir , Trp Anica , Lenic Kristian , Torbarina Fran
Published: May 2019

This paper presents numerical analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in the heat exchanger with microchannel coil (MCHX). In accordance with previously published experimental results, 3D mathematical model has been defined and appropriate numerical simulation of heat transfer has been performed. Geometry and working parameters of cross-flow air-water heat exchanger with microchannel coil, installed in an open circuit wind tunnel and used in experimental investigations, have been applied in numerical analysis in order to validate the mathematical model. 3D model with air and water fluid flow and heat transfer domains has been used, as it gives more precise results compared to models that assume constant temperatures or constant heat fluxes on the pipe walls. Developed model comprised full length of air and water flows in the heat exchanger. Due to limitations of computational capacity, domain has been divided in multiple computational blocks in the water flow direction and then solved successively using CFD solver Fluent. Good agreement between experimentally measured and numerically calculated results has been obtained. The influence of various working parameters on heat transfer in air-water heat exchanger has been studied numerically, followed with discussion and final conclusions.
System identification analysis for an air compressor system and enhancement proposal by sensors based in nanostructures
Authors: Calderón Jesus A. , Valdivia Cesar J. , Mas Roland , Chirinos Luis , Barrantes Enrique , Lozano John H. , Lengua Juan C.
Published: May 2019

An Air Compressor System is an equipment (mechanical system) which can transmit energy due to increase air pressure level of air flow that through it. This energy can be used in many applications, such as in drills for mining, adding air to tires on vehicles, spraying crops, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to know the mathematical model of an Air Compressor System to study all the thermodynamical variables: “Temperature, Pressure, Air Flow” which let to get a formalized explanation of the energy transfer through this equipment. Furthermore it is described that Air Compressor System can be enhanced while it uses sensors/actuators based in nanostructures.
The Expansion Motor of Tarek Soukar Is a Real Global Warming Reducer
Authors: Socar Tarek R.
Published: May 2019

Global warming matter is a word problem. Most solutions are preventative; they only avoid or reduce the heat emissions to the minimum. The natural solution for global warming matter is to increase vegetation. However, no industrial treatment to solve this problem has been invented yet. One great idea to solve this problem is to convert the extra heat to another shape of power. This method can really reduce global warming. Expansion Motor of Tarek Soukar represents this technical method .The expansion motor has not been addressed before, it is a new invention. It was supposed to be a solar engine, but it has proved that it is not limited to the Sun, but can be run by any other existing heat. All engines and motors are heat diffusers, while the expansion motor is a heat absorbent. As a result, with such a solution global warming is not a problem anymore, it became a new resource of power. Researchers and manufacturers are requested to start adopting, developing, producing this motor and spreading it widely.
ROS-based localization of a race vehicle at high-speed using LIDAR
Authors: Stahl Tim , Wischnewski Alexander , Betz Johannes , Lienkamp Markus
Published: May 2019

An approach for LIDAR-based localization at high speeds is presented. In the proposed framework, the laser pose estimation is treated as a parallel redundant information, which is fused in an adjacent Kalman filter. The measurement and motion update step of the ROS-based adaptive Monte Carlo localization package is modified, in order to meet the requirements of a high-speed race scenario. Thereby, the key focus is on computational efficiency and the adaptation to characteristics arising at high speeds and at the limits of handling. An introspective performance evaluation monitors the position estimation process and labels generated outputs for adjacent components accordingly. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated in a real world high-speed experiment, autonomously driving a race vehicle – the DevBot – in a typical race environment.
The ASTRI Program
Authors: Scuderi Salvatore
Published: May 2019

The ASTRI (Astrofisica con Specchi a Tecnologia Replicante Italiana) program was born as a collaborative international effort led by the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) to design and realize, within the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) framework, an end-to-end prototype of the Small-Sized Telescope (SST) in a dual-mirror configuration (2M). While the activities concerning the characterization of the prototype are under completion, the program entered a new phase. With the final aim of contributing at the production of the SST telescopes for the CTAO Southern site, we started the development of nine telescopes based on the evolution of the ASTRI prototype design to work as pathfinder for the CTAO. Furthermore, together with the CHEC (Compact High Energy Camera) collaboration, the ASTRI team presented a proposal, that will be evaluated with other proposals, to deliver to CTAO the complete set of SST telescopes.
Neutrino Sources from a Multi-Messenger Perspective
Authors: Ahlers Markus
Published: May 2019

The field of high-energy neutrino astronomy is undergoing a rapid evolution. After the discovery of a diffuse flux of astrophysical TeV-PeV neutrinos in 2013, the Ice-Cube observatory has recently found first compelling evidence for neutrino emission from blazars. In this brief review, I will summarize the status of these neutrino observations and highlight the strong role of multi-messenger astronomy for their interpretation.
Giant Molecular Clouds as probes of of Galactic Cosmic Rays with Fermi-LAT
Authors: Peron Giada , Aharonian Felix , Casanova Sabrina , Yang Ruizhi , Zanin Roberta
Published: May 2019

Direct measurements of Cosmic Rays (CRs) can not extend much further than the Solar System. In order to probe the so-called “sea” of Galactic Cosmic Rays, one should rely on secondary emission. Gamma rays produced in the interstellar gas, when hit by high energy particles, trace the energy distribution of the parent CRs. Giant Molecular Clouds, being huge reservoirs of hydrogen, serve as perfect targets for interaction with CRs. The high particle density in these objects enables to have enhanced  emission from small isolated location, and hence to derive information about single spots of the Milky Way. We analyzed more than 9 years data of Fermi-LAT from 18 molecular clouds, located in different regions from 100 pc to more than 10 kpc from us, allowing us to have the most comprehensive study on Galactic Cosmic Rays from Molecular Clouds ever.
Observation of the Energy Dependence of Primary and Secondary Cosmic Rays with the AMS Detector on the International Space Station
Authors: Formato V.
Published: May 2019

Precision study of cosmic nuclei provides detailed knowledge on the origin and propagation of cosmic rays. AMS is a multi-purpose high energy particle detector designed to measure and identify cosmic ray nuclei with unprecedented precision. It is able to provide precision studies of nuclei simultaneously to multi-TeV energies. In 7 years on the Space Station, AMS has collected more than 120 billion both primary and secondary cosmic rays. Primary cosmic rays, such as p, He, C and O, are believed to be mainly produced and accelerated in supernova remnants, while secondary cosmic rays, such as Li, Be and B are thought to be produced by collisions of heavier nuclei with interstellar matter. Primary cosmic rays such as He, C, and O are found to have identical rigidity dependence, similarly to secondary cosmic rays (such as Li, Be and B) which share the same the same spectral shape. The peculiar case of Nitrogen being a mixture of a primary and secondary component will also be shown.
The quest for dark matter in dwarf spheroidal galaxies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Authors: Saturni Francesco G. , Rodríguez-Fernández Gonzalo , Morselli Aldo
Published: May 2019

Dwarf spheroidal galaxies are among the best environments that can be studied with Cherenkov telescopes for indirect searches of γ-ray signals coming from dark matter self-interaction (annihilation or decay), due to their proximity and negligible background emission. We present new determinations of the dark-matter amount – i.e. the astrophysical factors J and D – in dwarf-galaxy halos obtained through the MCMC Jeans analysis of their brightness and kinematic data. Such factors are of great importance to test the performances of the next-generation γ-ray instruments such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array in detecting dark-matter signals from astronomical environments, or constraining the limits to dark-matter physics parameters (particle mass and lifetime, annihilation cross section).
Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Mockler Daniela
Published: May 2019

The flux of ultra-high energy cosmic rays above 3×1017 eV has been measured with unprecedented precision at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The flux of the cosmic rays is determined by four different measurements. The surface detector array provides three data sets, two formed by dividing the data into two zenith angle ranges, and one obtained from a nested, denser detector array. The fourth measurement is obtained with the fluorescence detector. By combing all four data sets, the all-sky flux of cosmic rays is determined. The spectral features are discussed in detail and systematic uncertainties are addressed.
CaloCube and “Tracker In Calorimeter” projects for the direct measurement of high energy charged astro-particles and gamma rays.
Authors: Pacini Lorenzo , Mori Nicola
Published: May 2019

Measurements of high energy cosmic rays in the “knee” region (about 1015 eV) are currently available only with ground detectors: new observations of cosmic particles up to these energies with direct measurements are one of the main goals of the next generation space experiments. To achieve those aims, a large acceptance, good energy resolution and particle identification are needed. CaloCube is the design of a space borne calorimeter which is capable to accept particles coming from any direction, increasing the acceptance with respect to traditional telescopes. A good performance for both hadronic and electromagnetic showers is achieved with a 3-D sampling capability: the basic picture of CaloCube is a cubic homogeneous calorimeter which consists of cubic scintillating crystals. MC simulations, concerning different materials and geometrical configurations, and several beam tests with different versions of the CaloCube prototype have been employed to optimize both the detector design and the data analysis method. Taking advantage of the CaloCube project, the space experiment HERD (“High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection”) will include a large acceptance cubic calorimeter with cubic LYSO crystals. It will be installed on-board of the Chinese space station around 2025.

Beside the charged particle observations, high energy gamma-rays provide direct information about the galactic cosmic ray sources. A new project named “Tracker In Calorimeter” (TIC) was approved by INFN in 2017 with the main purpose of the optimization of the calorimeter design for the reconstruction of the gamma-ray direction, without the requirement of additional not homogeneous pre-shower detector. A TIC prototype was recently assembled and tested at the PS-CERN and SPS-CERN accelerators.
The future of the high energy cosmic ray detection: HERD
Authors: Perrina Chiara
Published: May 2019

The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility will be one of the space astronomy payloads on board the future Chinese space station. The ambitious aim of HERD is the direct detection of cosmic rays towards the “knee” region (~ 1 PeV), with a detector able to measure electrons, photons and nuclei with an excellent energy resolution (1% for electrons and photons at 200 GeV and 20% for nuclei at 100 GeV - PeV), an acceptance 10 times the one of present generation missions (~ 1 m2 sr), and long life-time (> 10 years). The primary objectives of HERD are the indirect search for dark matter particles and the precise measurement of energy distribution and composition of cosmic rays from 30 GeV up to a few PeV, determining the origin of the “knee” structure of the spectrum. Furthermore, HERD will monitor the high energy gamma-ray sky from 500 MeV, observing gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei, galactic microquasars, etc. HERD will be composed of a homogeneous calorimeter, surrounded by a particle tracker and a plastic scintillator detector. Two possible trackers are under study: a 5-side tracker made of silicon strip detectors and a 4-side scintillating fiber tracker with a silicon strip top tracker. The total volume of HERD will be (2.3 × 2.3 × 2.6) m3 with a weight of about 4 t. The HERD design, perspectives, expected performances in terms of energy sensitivity and acceptance will be presented in this contribution.
Studies of the UHECR Mass Composition and Hadronic Interactions with the FD and SD of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Carceller J. M.
Published: May 2019

With data on the depth of maximum Xmax collected during more than a decade of operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we report on the inferences on the mass composition of UHECRs in the energy range E = 1017.2 – 1019.6 eV and on the measurements of the proton-air cross section for energies up to 1018.5 eV. We also present the results on Xmax obtained using the information on the particle arrival times recorded by the SD stations allowing us to extend the Xmax measurements up to 1020 eV. The inferences on mass composition, in particular using the data of the SD, are subject to systematic uncertainties due to uncertainties in the description of hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies. We discuss this problem with respect to the properties of the muonic component of extensive air-showers as derived from the SD data.
SiPM optical modules for the Schwarzschild-Couder Medium Size Telescopes proposed for the CTA observatory
Authors: Ambrosi G. , Ambrosio M. , Aramo C. , Bertucci B. , Bissaldi E. , Bitossi M. , Boiano C. , Bonavolontà C. , Caprai M. , Consiglio L. , Di Venere L. , Fiandrini E. , Giglietto N. , Giordano F. , Ionica M. , Liciulli F. , Loporchio S. , Masone V. , Paoletti R. , Rugliancich A. , Tosti L. , Vagelli V. , Valentino M.
Published: May 2019

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are excellent devices to detect the faint and short Cherenkov light emitted in high energy atmospheric showers, and therefore suitable for use in imaging air Cherenkov Telescopes. The high density Near Ultraviolet Violet SiPMs (NUV-HD3) produced by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) in collaboration with INFN were used to equip optical modules for a possible upgrade of the Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope camera prototype, in the framework of the Cherenkov Telescope Array project. SiPMs are 6×6 mm2 devices based on 40×40 μm2 microcells optimized for photo-detection at the NUV wavelengths. More than 40 optical modules, each composed by a 4×4 array of SiPMs, were assembled. In this contribution we report on the development and on the assembly of the optical modules, their validation and integration in the camera.
Precision Measurement of the monthly cosmic Ray fluxes e−, e+, p, He) with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the ISS
Authors: Graziani Maura
Published: May 2019

The precision measurements of the monthly cosmic ray fluxes with Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station are presented. Individual electron, positron, proton and helium spectra have been measured for each Bartel’s rotation period (27 days) in the time range from May 2011 to May 2017. This period covers the ascending phase of solar cycle #24 together with the reversal of the Sun’s magnetic field polarity through the minimum. The fluxes reveal a characteristic time dependence below 20 GeV. The data show a strong charge-sign dependent effects corresponding to the the polarity reversal of the solar magnetic field.
Die Larynxmaske – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Dembinski Rolf , Scholtyschik Daniel
Published: May 2019

Laryngeal masks are supraglottic airway devices developed in the early 1980s. Today, they are frequently used in clinical routine to provide airway access for mechanical ventilation in patients undergoing surgery with a short duration. Moreover, the they have also become integral part of difficult airway management in patients who cannot be intubated by the use of conventional laryngoscopy.

Relevant advances have been made to simplify their positioning and improve tightness with the aim to allow for the use of higher airway pressures during mechanical ventilation thereby reducing the risk of gastric insufflation and pulmonary aspiration. Focusing on this goal, several different prototypes have been developed and introduced in clinical practice until today. However, even these new developed laryngeal masks still do not provide reliable protection against pulmonary aspiration until today. Consequently, their use In critical care medicine is still limited to rescue situations with intubation failure.

In this review some of the most popular lanryngeal masks are presented, indications for their use are outlined and their handling is described.
Renale Rindennekrose nach Gabe von Tranexamsäure bei geburtsassoziierter Blutung
Authors: Hoch Henning , Stegbauer Johannes , Wiech Thorsten , Barwing Jürgen , Karbowski Brigitta , Fehm Tanja , Rump Lars
Published: May 2019

Anamnese Eine 28-jährige Patientin bringt eine Tochter durch primäre Sectio caesarea (41. SSW) bei Beckenendlage zur Welt. Die Schwangerschaft war bis auf erhöhte Blutdruckwerte am Morgen der Sectio komplikationslos. Bei der Sectio kommt es zu einer massiven Blutung aus dem atonen Uterus mit hämorrhagischem Schock. Es erfolgte die Blutstillung durch mechanische Tamponade, die Gabe von Erythrozytenkonzentraten und die Substitution von Gerinnungsfaktoren, auch Tranexamsäure. Bei anurischem Nierenversagen im Rahmen des Schocks wird die Hämodialyse eingeleitet.

Untersuchungen/Befunde Klinisch und laborchemisch zeigt sich das Bild einer thrombotischen Mikroangiopathie (TMA). Hinweise auf eine thrombotisch-thrombozytopenische Purpura (TTP) oder ein hämolytisch urämisches Syndrom (HUS) ergeben sich jedoch nicht. Auch ergibt sich bei der genetischen Testung kein Anhalt auf ein atypisches HUS. In der bei persistierender Dialysepflicht nach 4 Wochen durchgeführten Nierenbiopsie kann ein nur teilweise reversibler Tubulusschaden mit älteren ischämischen Rindennekrosen nachgewiesen werden.

Therapie und Verlauf Im weiteren Verlauf kommt es zur Wiederaufnahme der Diurese. Bei nicht ausreichender exkretorischer Nierenfunktion muss jedoch die Hämodialyse fortgeführt werden. Glücklicherweise kann bereits ein Jahr nach dem Ereignis bei der Patientin eine Lebendnierentransplantation (Mutter) realisiert werden.

Folgerung Die Kombination aus peripartaler Blutung mit hämorrhagischem Schock, möglicherweise aggraviert durch eine peripartale (Prä-)Eklampsie oder ein HELLP-Syndrom, und Applikation von Tranexamsäure mit seiner prothrombotischen Wirkung erscheinen verantwortlich für die schwere renale Rindennekrose.
Borreliose und ihre homöopathische Behandlung
Authors: Pscheidl Heinz
Published: May 2019

Mit ihren verschiedenen Stadien und Formen stellt die Borreliose für Therapeuten eine komplexe Herausforderung dar. Es werden ergänzende Vorschläge zu Diagnose und Therapie gegeben und anhand von Beispielen illustriert, unter Beachtung der heutzutage häufigen Komplizierungen mit „Kunstkrankheiten“ (z. B. Amalgam) – eine Herangehensweise, die auch seitens moderner Immunologie ihre Bestätigung findet.
Highlights on Specific Biological Targets; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors, Ras Protein, and Cancer Stem Cells in Anticancer Drug Development
Authors: Hawash Mohammed
Published: May 2019

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in worldwide, because of that we need a great effort to discover, determine and understand the main pathways and mechanism of action of new novel anticancer drugs, which highly selective on the cancerous cells over the normal cells. The traditional approaches to the treat cancer depend on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, according to the medicinal reports the chemotherapy is still the main procedure in the cancer cure or treatment till nowadays, and it is one of the main factors that drops the mortality of cancer in the last years. In the past decades the chemotherapeutic agents were used in the cancer treatment without clear understand on which target, protein, or enzyme that is working, and it was making the inhibition on the whole family of enzymes or receptors which lead to high toxicity and side effects, but nowadays the anticancer agents work with high selectivity on specific subtype of clear targets, and these targets usually present in high percentage in the cancerous cells. In this review article we will summarize some of these specific targets for anticancer drugs like Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), Ras protein, and Cancer stem cells, finally, we will mention some anticancer drugs which approved by FDA in 2018 which work on specific targets.
The Antiheparin And Antiplatelet-Aggregating Effects Of Human α1-Acid Glycoprotein; Influence On Heparin Tolerance In Acute Phase Reactions
Authors: Andersen P , Kierulf P , Godal H C
Published: May 2019

The antiheparin effect of human α1-n-acid glycoprotein (α1-acid GP), in thrmbin clotting time systems, was originally observed after the addition of purified α1-acid GP to heparinized, citrated human plasma. The α1-acid GP used in that and other studies was rather crude. In the present study, however, a similar antiheparin effect has been observed with highly purified, non-desialyzed α1-n-acid GP. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of this highly purified α1-acid GP on the thronbin-induced platelet aggregation was identical to that of the less purified preparation. The antiheparin effect of highly purified α1-acid GP isolated in parallel frcm pooled plasma of patients with acute phase reactions and from healthy controls was likewise identical.

In patients (n=10), with acute phase reaction, only the concentration of α1-acid GP was negatively correlated with the heparin thrcrnbin clotting time (r=0.42), indicating α1-acid GP to be a major contributor to the increased heparin tolerance observed during such disease states.

Removal of α1-acid GP by precipitating with rabbit anti- human α1-acid GP antibodies failed to danonstrate the heparin-neutralizing effect of α1-acid GP, probably because inmunoglobulins per se possess heparin-neutralizing activity.

Our findings suggest that α1-acid GP, during the acute phase reaction, interacts in a way to reduce untimely consequences of plasma hypercoagulability and/or platelet reactivity.
Effects Of Pentoxifylline, Penbutolol, Prenylamine, Clofibric Acid And Nicotinic Acid On The Release Of Prostacyclin-(PGI2-) Like Activity From Rat Aorta In Vivo And In Vitro
Authors: Weithmann K U , Hoechst A G
Published: May 2019

Aortas from rats, treated with 5-20 mg/kg of pentoxifylline (pof), penbutolol, prenylamine, clofibric acid or nicotinic acid showed, ex vivo, a significantly higher release of acid labile PGI2-like anti-aggregatory activity compared to controls. This activity could be suppressed by pre-treatment with 2 mg/kg Indomethacin. When incubated with rat aortas in vitro, pof showed a similar stimulatory effect on PGI2-like release, whereas clofibric-and nicotinic acid had no significant effect in this system. Pof and all other drugs mentioned above in therapeutical concentrations had virtually no effect on induced aggregation of human platelets in vitro. However, in the presence of small amounts PGI2 in vitro, inhibition of aggregation and platelet cyclic AMP are enhanced synergistically above the effects of PGI2 and pof individually.

We conclude from these experiments that therapeutic doses of all drugs in our study stimulate in vivo the release of PGI2-like activity from vessel walls, thus inhibiting platelet aggregation in vivo. The primary site of action of pof seems to be the vessel wall, whereas the effect of clofibric acid and nicotinic acid on the vessel walls seem to be secondary. The elevation of platelet cyclic AMP levels which generally parallels PGI2-induced inhibition of aggregation might be further enhanced by pof known as an inhibitor of platelet cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, thus explaining the observed synergistic effects between PGI2 and pof.
Intra-Platelet PF4 In Health And After Surgery
Authors: Etherington M D , O'Brien J R
Published: May 2019

To study the interrelations between intra-platelet PF4 (IP PF4), the platelet count (P1 Cnt) and the mean platelet volume (MPV), 14 patients, 3 to 7 days after major surgery were compared with 20 controls. The P1 Cnt and the MPV were estimated in citrated blood using a Coulter 'S' Plus counter and the IP PF4 by radioimmunoassay (ABBOTT KIT) after lysis by distilled water of a platelet button of known platelet number.

The mean IP PF4 for the controls was 13.69 + 2.92μg/109 plats, and for the patients was 10.00 ± 2.11μg/109 plats. This difference was significant (p¼0.001). The mean IP PF4 in the platelets in 1ml of platelet rich plasma (PRP) was 5.23 ± 1.99μg/ml in the controls and 3.13 ± 1.27μg/ml in the patients which was significantly different, (p<0.00l). The mean IP PF4 per unit volume of platelet substance was for controls 1.86 ± O.43 μg/μl and for patients 1.58 ± 0.32. This difference was significant (p<0.05). The mean P1 Cnt and MPV for the controls was 386 ± 119 109/1 and 7.15 ± 0.58 f1 respectively. In the post-operative patients it was 312 ± 101 109/1 and 6.44 ± 0.73 f1. Both showed a decrease but only MPV was significantly different (p<0.005).

Calculation of correlations even within these two small groupsQrevealed a significant correlation between IP PF4 (μg/lO9 plats) and MPV in the patient group (r = O.599, P<0.05).

Thus post-operatively the circulating platelets are smaller than normal and contain less PF4. These small relatively empty platelets result either from the partial release of PF4 from the α granules due to activation, release and "exhaustion", or consumption of large platelets during or immediately after the operation. It is probably relevant that we have previously reported depletion of 5HT from the dense granules after surgery (Shuttleworth et al Blood: March 1981 in press).
Objective Diagnosis Of Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Barnes R W , Turley D G , Qureshi G D , Fratkin M J
Published: May 2019

Recurrent deep vein thrarbosis must be differentiated from other causes of leg pain, swelling and inflammation, including chronic venous insufficiency or the postphlebitic stasis syndrome. Venous obstruction and/or valvular incompetence was evaluated by Dcppler ultrasound in 229 patients with recurrent leg symptoms following one or more prior episodes of clinical deep vein thrombosis. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the Dcppler technique was 96% and 90%, respectively, in 259 consecutive contrast phlebograms. In a subset of 65 patients with abnormal Dcppler examination, I-125 fibrinogen leg scans were performed prior to institution of anticoagulants in order to establish the diagnosis of recurrent active thrarbosis (positive scan) or inactive postphlebitic disease (negative sca.

In the 229 symptomatic patients screened, the Dcppler examination was normal in 87 (38.0%). In 65 patients with abnormal deep veins receiving I-125 fibrinogen, leg scans were positive in 25 (38.5%), suggesting active thrarbosis which was treated by anticoagulants. The remaining 40 patients were treated for the postphlebitic syndrome with leg elevation and elastic support and none developed manife stations of venous thrarboerrbolism.

This study suggests that many individuals (38%) with suspected recurrent deep vein thrarbosis have normal leg veins and that the majority (62%) of patients with proven venous abnormalities have inactive (postphlebitic) disease which does not require anti coagulation.
Anti -Platelet Effects Of Ticlopidine Are Not Diminished By Efa Deficiency Cr Inecmet1Hacin Aemini Stoat Icn
Authors: Willis A L , Fisher J M , Donegan D , Smith D L
Published: May 2019

It has been suggested that ticlopidine may act to sensitize platelets to the effects of anti-aggregatory prostaglandins ( I2, E1, D2) or enhance endogenous production of such PG’s. Rats (male, Sprague Dawley, 280-575g, Simonsen, Gilroy, CA) or guinea pigs, (male, Hartley strain, 330-410g, Simonsen) were dosed o rally with ticlopidine hydrochloride (RS 99847) at 100 mg/kg for 3 days. At 2h following the final dose, platelet function (ADP-induced aggregation, retention by glass beads) was examined within 5 min of blood withdrawal via the abdominal aorta. In rats chronically maintained on a fat-free diet, there is a deficiency in tissue levels of essential fatty acid (EFA) precursors for PG biosynthesis. Consequently, a marked (∼90%) reduction in platelet PG production and vascular PGI2 production was seen. Under such conditions, administration of ticlopidine hydrochloride inhibited platelet function in a manner indistinguishable from that in control animals. Similarly, in both guinea pig and rat, intraperitoneal administration of indcmethacin (100 mg/kg) lh before the final dose of ticlopidine failed to interfere with the anti-plate let effects of ticlopidine, even though vascular PGI2 production (in thoracic aorta) was shown to be virtually abolished. It is concluded that EFA’s and their PG metabolites are not necessary for the platelet inhibitory effects of ticlopidine to be exerted.
Turnover And Anticoagulant Properties Of Heparin-Antithrombin III Complexes, Stabilized By Covalent Bonds
Authors: Collen D , Ceustermans R , Mol M De , Hoylaerts M
Published: May 2019

High affinity heparin obtained by chromatography of clinical grade heparin on antithrombin III-Sepharose was covalently coupled to antithrombin III using a three step procedure: 1) introduction of free amino groups in the heparin molecule; 2) reaction of these amino groups with the difunctional reagent tolylene-2,4-diisothiocyanate; and 3) reaction of the remaining isothiocyanate group with amino groups of antithrombin III. Amino groups were introduced in the heparin molecule by limited N-desulfation or by reaction of carboxyl groups with hexamethylenediamine with the use of a water soluble carbodiimide. Between 1 and 4 moles of NH2 groups were introduced per 15,000 g heparin and the yield of the coupling procedures was 25 to 30 percent. The complexes could be separated from free active heparin by chromatography on antithrombin III-Sepharose and from unreacted antithrombin III by gel filtration on a high performance liquid chromatography column. Coupling occurred for 80 percent with an apparent 1:1 stoichiometry. The specific anticoagulant activity of the complexes (expressed per mg heparin) was approximately 75 percent of that of modified heparin and approximately 50 percent of the original high affinity heparin. The half-life of these complexes in blood following intravenous injection of about 100 heparin equivalent units in rabbits was 0.68 ± 0.08 hours for the N-desulfated heparin-antithrombin III complex and 0.99 ± 0.27 hours for the hexamethylenediamine substituted heparin-antithrombin III complex which is 2.4 and 3.5 times longer than the half-life of free heparin in the blood. This finding indicates that the main mechanism of disappearance of the anticoagulant activity following intravenous injection of heparin is by removal of free heparin and dissociation of the heparin-antithrombin III complex and not by clearing of the intact complex.
Study Of Prosthetic Graft Healing In A Primate Model Utilizing Autologous Indium-111 Labeled Platelets
Authors: Gembarowicz R , O’Donnell T , Vecchione J , Connolly R , Kahn P , Ramberg K , Bottomley G , Ucci A , Valeri C R , Callow A
Published: May 2019

In a primate model (Papio papio) whose coagulation system is similar to man, we have previously shown that Indium-111 labeled platelets (IN111) are taken up acutely in the region of a synthetic graft. IN111 uptake was maximal by 48 hours post-graft implantation and was no greater at 7 days. The purpose of the present study was to detail platelet-graft dynamics during later phases after graft implantation. IN111 platelets were infused intravenously into animals two weeks after implantation of a 4 mm synthetic carotid artery interposition graft. The radioactivity in the region of the graft was contrasted to a comparable blood volume in a control artery and this activity was calculated by a computer algorithm which accounted for isotopic decay and tissue attenuation. Radioactivity was expressed as % of the total injected dose of IN111 (%TID). The difference (%TID on graft - %TID on control artery) was calculated to determine platelet-graft associated activity. Histologic sections were subsequently examined to correlate graft morphology with in vivo dynamic changes. Results: The mean uptake of IN111 platelet associated activity during the early post graft implantation phase ( <7 days) was 0.22%. By contrast at 14 days there was no appreciable uptake of IN111 platelets within the region of the graft. Histologic sections of selected graft specimens removed at 2 weeks demonstrated no significant endothelialization. These findings may have important pharmacologic implications with respect to the platelet’s role in early synthetic graft healing.
The Release Of Prostacyclin (PGI2) By Pentoxyfyl- Line From Human And Animal Vascular Tissue And Its Implications For Vascular And Antiplatelet Activities
Authors: Schrör H , Matzky R , Kahlen T , Darius H
Published: May 2019

The action of pentoxyfylline (POF) on vascular tone and PGI2-release was studied in-vitro and compared to its antiplatelet activities. POF at concentrations of 10-40 μM dose-dependently increased the PGI2-formation of isolated bovine coronary arteries and veins in-vitro. Similar data were obtained with human umbilical arteries and veins. The maximum stimulation in all of the vascular tissues studied was about 2-3-fold above basal levels. Dose-dependent increase of PGI2-production was observed at concentrations of POF comparable to those which dose-dependently relaxed isolated artery strips, whereas the investigated venous tissue was relaxed by both POF and nitroglycerine but not by PGI2. In isolated guinea pig hearts the positive ionotropic action of POF (100 μM) was blocked by propranolol (10 μM), whereas the coronary relaxation remained unchanged. POF did not influence the ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in-vitro in concentrations up to 100 μM. The data suggest that POF is able to increase significantly the vascular PGI2-form- ation at concentrations above 10 μM, whereas minimum concentrations for obtaining significant inhibition of platelet aggregation in-vitro are above 100 μM. This indicates that the reported clinical efficiency of POF in protecting blood cells and improvement of regional perfusion might in part be due to stimulation of the vascular PGI2-formation.
A New Fibrinogen Variant With Abnormal Gamma Chain : Fibrinogen Haifa
Authors: Soria J , Soria C , Palareti G , Tavori M , Samama M , Rimon A , Tatarsky I
Published: May 2019

A congenital abnormal fibrinogen was detected in a 30 year old woman presenting several episodes of peripheral arterial thrombosis.

The abnormality in fibrin formation is located in the fibrin monomers aggregation, since the fibrinopeptides release and the fibrin stabilization were normal.

The SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of plasmic degradation products, obtained either in the presence or in the absence of calcium, revealed an absence of protective effect of calcium for plasmin degradation of Fibrinogen Haifa. Since, Ca++ protects against further plasmin degradation of the gamma chain, we suggest that the anomaly is located in this part of the fibrinogen molecule.

Because the anomaly was discovered at Haifa, Israel, we suggest to call this abnormal fibrinogen : “Fibrinogen Haifa”.
Spontaneous Liver Rupture In Pregnancy Associated With Severe DIC: Management Of The Coagulation Disorder Prior To Surgery
Authors: Henny Ch P , Büller H R , ten Cate J W
Published: May 2019

Spontaneous rupture of the liver is a severe com plication of pregnancy (maternal mortality: 59%, fetal mortality: 77%). The etiology is unknown, but it is commonly agreed that pre-ecclamptic toxaemia, and vascular damage of the liver play a definite role. Severe coagulation abnormalities which have been previously observed in these patients have as yet not been studied extensively. Recently we investigated two patients witn spontaneous liver rupture during pregnancy. Case 1: 34 year old multipara was presented with abdominal pain in the 37th wk of gestation. Suddenly a state of shock was observed. Surgery revealed hemoperi- toneum, subcapsular haematoma of the liver and ruptured capsule. The patient survived. Case 2: 30 year old primipara 37 wk of gestation was admitted with severe abdominal pain, jaundice and shock. Autopsy revealed a large subcapsular haematoma with ruptured capsule. Coagulation studies at admission revealed extensive DIC.

Bleeding and DIC were succesfully controlled by the following transfusion regimen: 1) purified human AT III concentrates 2) prothrombin complex 3) cryoprecipitate 4) low dose heparin 5) platelets 6) Fresh Frozen Plasma 7) packed cells.

Conclusively, maternal mortality might be reduced by early recognition of symptoms followed by prompt surgical intervention after correction of shock and coagulation defects.