bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Grandmothers’ Farewell to Childcare Provision under China’s Two-Child Policy: Evidence from Guangzhou Middle-Class Families
Authors: Zhong Xiaohui , Peng Minggang
Published: April 2020

As China’s one-child policy is replaced by the two-child policy, young Chinese women and their spouses are increasingly concerned about who will take care of the ‘second child.’ Due to the absence of public childcare services and the rising cost of privatised care services in China, childcare provision mainly relies on families, such that working women’s choices of childbirth, childcare and employment are heavily constrained. To deal with structural barriers, young urban mothers mobilise grandmothers as joint caregivers. Based on interviews with Guangzhou middle-class families, this study examines the impact of childcare policy reform since 1978 on childbirth and childcare choices of women. It illustrates the longstanding contributions and struggles of women, particularly grandmothers, engaged in childcare. It also shows that intergenerational parenting involves a set of practices of intergenerational intimacy embedded in material conditions, practical acts of care, moral values and power dynamics. We argue that the liberation, to some extent, of young Chinese mothers from childcare is at the expense of considerable unpaid care work from grandmothers rather than being driven by increased public care services and improved gender equality in domestic labour. Given the significant stress and seriously constrained choices in later life that childcare imposes, grandmothers now become reluctant to help rear a second grandchild. This situation calls for changes in family policies to increase the supply of affordable and good-quality childcare services, enhance job security in the labour market, provide supportive services to grandmothers and, most importantly, prioritise the wellbeing of women and families over national goals.
Erken Yaşta Yabancı Dil Öğrenimi ve Öğretimine Yönelik Bir Karma Desen Araştırması
Authors: AKDENİZ Gözde , GELMEZ BURAKGAZİ Sevinç
Published: April 2020

Araştırmanın amacı, 2012-2013 eğitim öğretim yılında ilkokul 2. sınıf düzeyinde ilk defa İngilizce öğrenmeye başlayan öğrencilerin 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında 5. sınıftan mezun olduklarında yenilenen öğretim programında belirtilen konuşma becerileri kazanımlarına ulaşma derecelerini, öğrenme ve öğretme süreçlerine bağlı olarak araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, 4 devlet okulundan 9 öğretmen ve 34 öğrenci ile bireysel görüşmeler yapılmış, ayrıca öğrenciler ile resim üzerinden İngilizce konuşma etkinliği yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın nitel bölümünde, öğretmen ve öğrencilerle görüşülmüştür ve elde edilen veriler NVivo 11 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Rubrik kullanılarak değerlendirilen İngilizce konuşma aktivitesi ise öğrencilerle gerçekleştirilmiştir ve araştırmanın nicel boyutunu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda, bazı öğretmenlerin İngilizce öğretim programına hakim olmadığı, derste İngilizce konuşma becerilerini geliştirmek için yapılan etkinliklerin kısıtlı olduğu, okullara göre İngilizce dersine ayrılan sürenin değişkenlik gösterdiği, İngilizce öğretmenlerinin derste çoğunlukla Türkçe iletişim kurduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. İngilizce konuşma etkinliği analizine göre de, 3 okulda öğrenim gören öğrencilerin etkinlik puanları birbirine yakınken, dördüncü okulun ortalamasının düşük olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırmada, ilköğretim düzeyinde İngilizce ders saatlerinin arttırılması, İngilizce öğretmen eğitimi programlarına, öğretim programına yönelik deneyimler kazandıracak derslerin konulması, öğretmenlerin İngilizce öğretim programları hakkında bilgi ve beceri kazanmalarına ve ders süresince uygulayabilecekleri konuşma becerileri ile ilgili etkinliklere yönelik hizmet içi eğitim programlarına yer verilmesi önerilmiştir.
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN REGIONS OF UKRAINE: DYNAMICS, CURRENT SITUATION, TRENDS
Authors: Parenyuk V.
Published: April 2020

Youth unemployment is important indicators of the development of the regions of Ukraine and the labour market as a whole. In Ukraine, this indicator is characterized by significant territorial differentiation, caused by the level of socio-economic and innovative development of regions, the social and economic security of regions, the level of urbanization, investment attractiveness of the territory, development of small business, etc. In 2018, more than 280,000 young people were unemployed in Ukraine, accounting for one-third of the total number of registered unemployed in Ukraine. That is why an important scientific work is to analyze the dynamics and current state of youth unemployment in the regions of Ukraine, to identify trends in the spread of this negative phenomenon.
The Ukrainian youth as a whole is characterized by a low level of competitiveness in the labour market due to the development of specialities not required in the labour market, insufficient, in some places, the level of professional training, lack of practical skills. The problems of youth unemployment in the regions of Ukraine are caused by both national and regional factors. The interdependence of youth unemployment in regional labour markets and the magnitude of youth migration flow are clear.
The presented work describes the level of youth unemployment in the EU countries compared to the situation in Ukraine and concludes that the global processes and trends of its manifestation are widespread. The dynamics of unemployment rates and youth employment in Ukraine in 2000-2017 is analyzed. The analysis of the dynamics of unemployment and youth employment indicators identifies the periods in which they are spread and the causes that have influenced the significant changes in the dynamics of indicators. The regional differences in youth unemployment in Ukraine were identified in retrospect and the results for 2000, 2010 and 2017 were visualized. Ranking method and index method were used to group the regions of Ukraine by the indicators of youth unemployment in 2000-2017. Trends in the dynamics of youth unemployment in the regions of Ukraine have been identified.
UKRAINIAN BORDER: CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS
Authors: Eckert Denis
Published: April 2020

This article analyses Ukraine’s current borders, de jure and de facto, from a geopolitical point of view. Significant changes in the border regime occurred after the political events of 2014. The emergence of de facto borders after the annexation of Crimea and the hostilities in eastern Ukraine raises the question not only of the direction of the Ukrainian state’s foreign policy but also has fundamental consequences for domestic policy. The presence of international organisations monitoring parts of the state border shows that Ukraine is involved in the process of combating illegal immigration and smuggling, on the one hand, and that it has not solved all its state-building problems, on the other. The delimitation of state borders (demarcation) with the other former Soviet republics has taken a long time for land borders and has not been completed for maritime borders. Today’s Ukraine, in the context of European integration, opens its borders to the West and minimizes its contacts with the East. The sharp deterioration in relations with Russia following the annexation of Crimea, Russia’s support for separatist entities in eastern Ukraine has led to the abandonment of cross-border cooperation between border regions, including for mechanisms as effective as Euroregions. The need to amend current Ukrainian legislation, to take into account the political and legal status of de facto borders is an important point at the moment. To achieve this objective, it is necessary not only to draw on the experience of the functioning of the State border with Moldova in its section not controlled by the Moldovan government but also to develop new approaches to facilitate the lives of displaced persons, legalize their legal status and facilitate the crossing of the line of demarcation.
ONOPROFILY SETTLEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SUSTAINABLE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FORMING THE POBUZKA
UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY)
Authors: Mykhailenko T.
Published: April 2020

The research considers the socio-economic basics of the activities of Pobuzky Ferronickel Plant LLC (PFC) of the Golovanevsky District Kirovograd’s Region. The main factors of the city-forming plant for the urban village of Pobuzke are determined and disclosed. The main features are: the number of inhabitants of the village who work on it and the functional purpose assignment of the mentioned village since its development have been established. The basic role of this enterprise as a city-forming for the village is indicated. The major aspects of the activities of the Pobuzky Ferronickel Plant, as the single enterprise in Ukraine that produces an industrial scale ferronickel from poor oxidized nickel ores, are distinguished. Specific attention is paid to its role in the socio-economic life of the inhabitants of the urban village. The main indicators of participation and support of the Pobuzky Ferronickel Plant for the population of Pobuzhsky in the context of the sustainable development strategy are analyzed. It was revealed that it also occurs as the main environmental pollutant of both the Golovanivsky district and the Kirovograd region. At the same time PFC providing residents with jobs. However, in the context of sustainable development, the plant invests in environmental measures, namely, in the direction of improving the environmental component. In particular, in order to reduce the harmful effects on the environment, the project is realized. This project has several stages and as result the level of purification from emissions will increase. The enterprise actively supports the local population: it holds various cultural events, provides social assistance, promotes in educating youth and children of its employees, improves the infrastructure of the urban village of Pobuzke. It is equally important to support of a charitable foundation founded by the maintenance of PFC. The main problems of the socio-economic condition of Pobuzke are emphasized. The process of forming the Pobuzka united territorial community has been continued for more than a year. One of the principles of its existence is to be able to solve local problems independently. The base source of filling the budget of the community will be incomes from the city-forming enterprise. At the same time, there is a need to diversify the economy of the future community. The advantages and priority goals that the Pobuzka united territorial community will solve are determined.
Benchmarks em sistemas de produção de leite: uma aplicação da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA)
Authors: Ramos Josefa Edileide Santos , Borba Marcelo da Costa , Melo Ana Paula Santana de , Xavier Leonardo Ferraz , Carvalho Daniela Moreira de
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar indicadores de referência em propriedades rurais produtoras de leite na região Agreste de Pernambuco, sugerindo modelos de benchmark para propriedades identificadas como ineficientes. Foram utilizados como métodos o custo operacional de produção e Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Os resultados mostraram que os produtores não conseguem cobrir seus custos a médio e longo prazo, e sofrem o impacto da depreciação e da mão de obra familiar, os investimentos empatam altos valores de capital. As melhores observações foram das propriedades 4 e 7, e com relação às melhores referências para os produtores ineficientes, destacaram-se as observações 46, 115, 94, 96 e 67, respectivamente. A caracterização real dos sistemas de produção de leite traz vários esclarecimentos sobre os indicadores de referência, ao se considerar os fatores que sejam comuns aos sistemas de produção e que podem estar associados a à eficiência produtiva.
Efeito do fungo Metarhizium anisopliae sobre formas jovens da Broca da Cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Araújo Júnior Josemildo Verçosa de , Araújo Romário Guimarães Verçosa de , Sabino Anderson Rodrigues , Silva Júnior Valdemir Albuquerque da , Duarte Adriana Guimarães
Published: April 2020

O fungo Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) se caracteriza por atacar um grande número de espécies de insetos. É patogênico à broca da cana-de-açúcar Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius), uma das principais pragas que atingem esta cultura. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar o isolado (Instituto Biológico) IBCB 425 do fungo M. anisopliae sobre ovos, lagartas e pupas de D. saccharalis, em condições de laboratório. Para isso ovos e lagartas de D. saccharalis foram pulverizados com 0,5 x 107; 1 x 107; 1,5 x 107; e 2,0 x 107 conídios g-1 e organizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Para cada tratamento foram utilizadas 10 repetições e as avaliações foram realizadas diariamente por um período de 15 dias. Para verificar o efeito do fungo sobre ovos da broca, posturas de 24, 48 e 72 horas de idade foram pulverizadas com as mesmas concentrações utilizadas no experimento da fase larval. As médias relacionadas aos dados obtidos nos testes de patogenicidade foram submetidas à análise de variância (ANOVA) e comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5%. De uma maneira geral o fungo apresenta atividade patogênica a D. saccharalis nas concentrações de 1,0 x 107, 1,5 x 107 e 2,0 x 107 conídios g-1.
Impactos do uso e ocupação do solo em área de produção de hortaliças, município de Barra Mansa (RJ)
Authors: Colli Giordano Akira Takayama , Duarte Renata Lopes , Silva Cristiane da , Pereira Renata de Oliveira , Silva Leonardo Duarte Batista da , Silva Jonathas Batista Gonçalves
Published: April 2020

A horticultura possui papel relevante na economia brasileira. No entanto, a mesma produz passivos ambientais, notadamente quando mal manejada. Desta forma, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água superficial da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Água Comprida, Barra Mansa (RJ), em função do uso e ocupação do solo. Para tal, foram determinados o Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA), o Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) e a qualidade da água para irrigação, além da caracterização química do solo da região. Realizaram-se duas campanhas para coleta de dados, em novembro de 2016 e em abril de 2017, onde foram selecionados 6 pontos de amostragem, distribuídos ao longo da bacia, para determinação de 20 parâmetros de qualidade da água. De forma geral, a região apresentou solo fértil. O IQA variou de 17 a 58 durante a estação de seca e de 72 a 80 na estação chuvosa. Para o período de estiagem hídrica, os pontos inseridos na malha urbana apresentaram os piores resultados de IET, classificando-os como eutrófico e hipereutrófico. A água apresentou risco para utilização na irrigação das hortaliças, devido principalmente aos elevados teores de ferro e E. coli.
Fracionamento de fósforo em sedimentos límnicos em microbacia hidrográfica (Nordeste, Brasil)
Authors: Araújo Maria Cristina Santos Pereira de , Silvino Guttemberg da Silva , Santos João Paulo de Oliveira , Silva Joseilson dos Santos , Barbosa Luciana Gomes
Published: April 2020

O estado trófico dos lagos geralmente é dependente da concentração de fósforo na água, que por sua vez é influenciado pelo teor desse nutriente no sedimento, mas nem todo fósforo sedimentar está disponível, requerendo quantificação das frações através de fracionamento químico. Nesse sentido, o trabalho objetivou quantificar as frações disponíveis do fósforo utilizando fracionamento químico do sedimento superficial, em reservatórios de usos múltiplos de brejos de altitude. A pesquisa foi executada na bacia hidrográfica do Rio do Canto (BHRC) (-6°55’52,31”S, 35°42’33,91”W e -6°58’41,26”S, -35°42’37,07”W), região do brejo de altitude de Areia (Paraíba, Brasil), durante os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2014. Mediu-se o potencial hidrogeniônico, potencial de oxi-redução, a granulometria, teores de matéria orgânica, ferro alumínio, cálcio e as frações de fósforo sedimentar usando o protocolo SMT. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de componentes principais. A fração biodisponível, correspondente ao fósforo orgânico e não apatítico representou entre 15 a 38% do teor de fósforo total quantificado no sedimento dos reservatórios monitorados na BHRC. Os resultados indicam a seguinte ordem crescente de biodisponibilidade de fósforo para os reservatórios monitorados na BHRC: R7
Extratos e óleos essenciais como alternativa no controle de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Sclerotium rolfsii isolados de soja (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Queiroz Talita Neres , Pascuali Luiz Carlos , Silva Ana Clara do Prado , Porto Alexandre Gonçalves , Carvalho José Wilson Pires
Published: April 2020

O uso de defensivos agrícolas tem provocado danos ao meio ambiente, à saúde humana e contribuído para a resistência de patógenos. Neste estudo, objetivou-se analisar a inibição do crescimento micelial dos fungos Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Sclerotium rolfsii na presença de extratos e óleos essenciais de citronela (Cymbopogon nardus), cravo-da-índia (Caryophilus aromaticus), cidreira (Cymbopogon citratus), melissa (Melissa officinalis L.) e neem (Azadirachta indica) e as combinações dos mesmos. Nos estudos com óleos essenciais foi utilizada a concentração de 5.000 ppm e 50.000 ppm para os extratos em meio BDA com quatro repetições. Os óleos essenciais inibiram totalmente o crescimento micelial dos dois fungos testados, exceto o óleo de neem, que não inibiu o crescimento de S. sclerotiorum e apresentou uma inibição de apenas 10% do fungo S. rolfsii. Para os extratos hidroalcoólicos, obteve-se 100% de eficácia na inibição, com exceção ao extrato de melissa que inibiu 96,2% do crescimento de S. sclerotiorum e 80,4% sobre S. rolfsii. No tratamento com extratos hidroacêtonicos, obteve-se 100% de inibição dos fungos, entretanto, o extrato de melissa foi menos eficaz com 95,9% de inibição para S. sclerotiorum e 46,2% para S. rolfsii. Diante dos resultados pode-se inferir que os óleos e extratos podem ser eficazes no controle de fungos patogênicos da cultura de soja, inibindo o crescimento micelial dos fungos S. sclerotiorum e S. rolfsii, podendo ser apontados como uma alternativa no controle destes fitopatógenos.
Risk-Informed Recommendations for Managing Hydraulic Fracturing–Induced Seismicity via Traffic Light Protocols
Authors: Schultz Ryan , Beroza Greg , Ellsworth William , Baker Jack
Published: April 2020

Risks from induced earthquakes caused by hydraulic fracturing are a growing concern with a need for effective management. Here, we develop a risk-informed strategy for choosing red and yellow traffic light thresholds based on the current understanding of induced earthquakes. To do so, we utilize probabilistic maximum magnitudes, magnitude to ground-motion relationships, population densities, statistical distributions of site amplification, and felt or damaging ground-motion thresholds to compute the risk of damage or nuisance. Risk curves for various forecast scenarios highlight two proposed guidelines. First, setting red-light thresholds within the nuisance range of ground motions reduces the chances that runaway earthquakes could cause unacceptable damage. Second, setting yellow-light thresholds approximately two magnitude units less than the red light ensures that operators have a sufficient opportunity to enact mitigation strategies. We compare the differences in risk between several real-life traffic light cases to illustrate how this approach could allow regulators to design traffic light protocols in a risk-informed manner and thus balance the consequences of their decisions more effectively. Our approach also promotes the transparent communication of risk to all involved stakeholders.
Muş İli Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinin Barınak Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: BAKIR Galip , KİBAR Mustafa
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışma Muş ili süt sığırı işletmelerinin barınak durumlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, rastgele örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak 346 işletmeci ile anket çalışması yapıldı. Genel olarak, Muş ilinde bulunan süt sığırı barınaklarının çoğunluğu müstakil (85.8%) olarak inşa edilmiştir. İşletmecilerin yarıdan fazlası barınaklarını (%58.6) kendi tecrübesine göre yapmışlardır. İşletmelerde tahmini barınak alanı 51-200 m2 arasında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Tüm bölmelerin bulunduğu işletmelerin oranı %2.8 olarak belirlenmiştir. Barınakların temizliği çoğunlukla her gün el ile (%90.3) yapılırken, elde edilen gübreler yakılarak (%48.7), gübre (%19.0) olarak veya satılarak (%5.0) değerlendirilmektedir. İşletmelerin yarıdan fazlasında (%66.5) altlık kullanılmakta olup en yaygın olarak kullanılan altlık saman (%55.6) ve hayvan gübresi (%23.4)’dir. Barınak özellikleri bakımından işletmeler arasında ilçelere göre önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (p<0.01). Bu farklılıkların genel olarak, eğitim seviyesinden, iş tecrübesinden ve işletmede bulunan hayvan sayısından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir.
High density lipoprotein as prognostic indicator in patient with diabetic foot
Authors: Singara Arie Rafael , Rasjad Chaeruddin , Latief Jufri , Mustari Nasser , Bausat Arman
Published: April 2020

Background: Diabetic is a chronic metabolic disease with vascular disorder and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) is a vascular protector acting agent. One of the most difficult complication of diabetics are diabetic foot with often lead to an amputation due to vascular disorder. Objective of this study aims to determine the relationship of HDL levels with diabetic foot severity by comparing HDL levels in each diabetic foot grade according to the Wagner classification.Methods: This is a cross sectional study, with new inpatient and outpatient with diabetic foot ulcer that never received therapy in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital as a study population in April 2018 to June 2018 time period. Frequency distribution, Spearman’s Correlation, Anova, and Chi Square statistical analytic was done with p <0.05 considered as significant.Results: HDL level was wound highest in Grade I and lowest in Grade IV and V. HDL level comparison according to Wagner comparison shows significant difference, p<0.001.Conclusions: There were a negative correlation as an analysis results shows between HDL level and Wagner classification, whereas the lower HDL level, the higher diabetic foot grade and HDL can be used as a prognosis predictor and planning therapy.
Incidence of fibroid and its effects on fertility in Eleme local government area of Rivers State
Authors: Gbaranor Barinua K. , Orupabo Clinton D. , Barinua Gbaranor Nazor P. , Okpara Peace E. , Victor Progress D.
Published: April 2020

Background: Fibroid is a gynaecological problem that affects women of reproductive age across the globe especially among the black race. This study was done to evaluate the incidence of fibroid and its effects on fertility in Eleme Local Government Area.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study with 60 participants aged 18-28 years, 29-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years and >60 years.Results: The study revealed that 90% of the respondents have fibroid and 10% do not have fibroid. The effects range from painful menstruation, heavy menses, irregular menstruation and infertility at the values of 63.3%, 48.3%, 51.7% and 86.8% respectively.Conclusions: Though the effects of fibroids are universal, our study population seems to show some effects more common to them.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women
Authors: Jahan Gulnaz , Jahan Noor , Rungta Sumit , Ahmad Ausaf
Published: April 2020

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are serious public health problem affecting billions of people globally with maternal-fetaltransmission on the rise. This study sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among pregnant women attending integral institute of medical sciences and research hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 345 pregnant women were recruited from the integral institute of medical sciences and research hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Blood samples were collected for the detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies. A pretested questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data and identify the risk factors associated with the two infections. Ethical clearances were taken from the institution. Data tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Out of total 345 samples of pregnant females examined during the study. In which, 20(5.8%) were seropositive for hepatitis B and 6(1.7%) positive for hepatitis C among pregnant women.8.8% positive for hepatitis B among pregnant females in their age group 15-25. Maximum non-reactive patients of hepatitis C (99.9%) belongs to age group (15-25). 33.3% hepatitis B positive out of total blood transfusion cases. Patients having previous history surgery, in which 24.2% positive with hepatitis B. Hepatitis B and C positive patients having abdominal pain were 9.3% and 3.1% respectively. Patients were having history of jaundice, in which 55.6% and 33.3% suffering with hepatitis B and C.Conclusions: The need to institute public health measures to reduce disease burden and transmission, including routine screening of all pregnant mothers for HBV and HCV infections Factors associated with higher rate of HBV and HCV infections include advancing age, low level of education, tattooing, blood transfusion, and history of jaundice.
A comprehensive analysis on cigarettes smoking and its determinants in Bangladesh using logistic regression model
Authors: Rumana Afrin Sadia , Khatun Asia , Das Sukanta
Published: April 2020

Background: In Bangladesh, smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of death. Despite possessing knowledge about the consequences of smoking and the resultant non-communicable diseases, individuals have become considerably habituated to it. The study aims to identify the factors associated with smoking cigarettes and as well as to examine the existing situation of this issue among adult males in Bangladesh.Methods: Total 480 adult males were surveyed from Bangladesh through personal interview and online questionnaire, (from June 2018 to June 2019). To measure the effect of the explanatory variables on cigarettes smoking, authors perform χ2 test of independence as bivariate analysis. After performing bivariate analysis, a logistic regression analysis has been performed to assess the effect of the explanatory variables.Results: Findings of the study revealed that educational level, household economic status, media exposure, division have significant contribution for smoking cigarettes among the adult male in Bangladesh. A comparison of religious affiliation showed smoking cigarettes to be higher among non-muslim counterparts. Respondents living in rural area are found to have smoking cigarettes comparing with urban area.Conclusions: From the study it can be concluded that education and socio-economic status of male make a significant contribution in cigarettes smoking.
Serum magnesium levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relation with microvascular complications of diabetes
Authors: Bhardwaj Vinay , Kaushik Madan Lal
Published: April 2020

Background: Prevalence of hypomagnesaemia is significantly higher in diabetic patients with microvascular complications compared to diabetics with no microvascular complications. The aim of this study is to measure levels of serum magnesium in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and study its association with the presenting microvascular complications.Methods: This was hospital based, one year cross-sectional study carried out in Department of Medicine, IGMC Shimla in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Total 53 patients were enrolled in this study who presented in medicine OPD or admitted in medicine ward.Results: Serum Magnesium value of the patients ranged from 1.20-3.0 mg/dl with mean value of 1.9±0.3 mg/dl. Fourteen patients (26.4%) had hypomagnesaemia. A total of 34 (64.2%) patients presented with complications of diabetes in which proteinuria was present in 34 (64.2%), retinopathy in 4 (7.5%) and neuropathy in 1 (1.9%). Fourteen (41.2%) patients with hypomagnesaemia presented with complications of diabetes (p value=0.003). 34 (64.2%) patients presented with proteinuria out of which 14 (41.2%) patients had hypomagnesaemia while 20 (58.8%) had normomagnesaemia (p=0.03). One (1.9%) patient had neuropathy and hypomagnesaemia was also present in this patient (p=0.6). Four patients (7.5%) presented with retinopathy out of which 3 (5.7%) had hypomagnesaemia while 1 (1.9%) had normomagnesaemia.Conclusions: Hypomagnesaemia is associated with microvascular complications of diabetes. Also there is statistically significant relationship between proteinuria and hypomagnesaemia in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Evaluation of serological test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori and risk factors associated with the infection
Authors: Mohamed Ayman Mohamed Alfadil , Abdelgadir Ream Elzain , Muddathir Abdel Rahim Mahmoud
Published: April 2020

Background: Serological testing has been widely used for the diagnosis of H. pylori. This study aimed to evaluate the serological test and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the test in the diagnosis of H. pylori. The study also aimed to address if there are risk factors like blood grouping, Smoking, Age, gender, and residence of the patients associated with H. pylori infection.Methods: A prospective cross‑sectional study was performed among 100 symptomatic patients attending Dr. Suliman dispensary, Elnehoud city in west Kordofan state-Sudan, from March to September 2016. H. pylori were detected on plasma by using Healgen immunochromatography test cards from Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd (China), and identified from a stool by using monoclonal antigen detection from the same trademarked company. Data for the risk factors associated with the infection were assessed in a participant interview.Results: The serological test showed significant differences when compared to the stool antigen test p-value = 0.000. The statistical analysis showed moderate sensitivity and high specificity of the serological test compared to the stool antigen detection test. The study also showed that smoking [odds ratio (OR): 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.24-4.02) and blood grouping (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: (1.08-1.60) were risk factors for H. pylori infection.Conclusions: The serological test showed high specificity and moderate sensitivity in comparison to the stool antigen test. The increased risk of H. pylori infection associated with smoking and blood grouping.
Nutritional status and growth of children with hemophilia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chinnappa Gayathri Devi , S. Venugopal , Varadarajan Meera , Kariyappa Mallesh , R. Smitha
Published: April 2020

Background: Haemophilia A and B are the most common severe bleeding disorders and are inherited as X linked recessive pattern. The main clinical manifestations include bleeding into musculoskeletal sites or soft tissues mainly causing joint impairment and thus resulting in various morbidities. Prophylaxis therapy and inhibitor management have contributed a lot to the management of haemophilia cases. However in resource poor setting countries, like India, availability of factors, prophylactic therapy is farfetched leading to joint abnormalities, decreased physical activity and thus leading to different nutritional states. Studies from developed countries reveal obesity and overweight instances in children with Hemophilia. However not many studies have been undertaken to evaluate the nutritional status of such children in India.Methods: This study was conducted in the Comprehensive hemophilia Care Centre, Victoria Hospital, attached to Bangalore Medical College. A total of 50 children were included in the study. Children aged between 4 and 18 years attending the hemophilia Clinic were included in the study. Observations and review of relevant documents were done.Results: Among 50 children of haemophilia, 18(36%) children were aged less than 10 years and 32(64%) children were aged more than 10 years. The mean age of onset of disease in haemophilia A was 27.5 months (SD of 24.84; range 6-120) and in haemophilia B was 8 months (SD of 2.72; range 3-12). The mean BMI among children aged more than 10 years was more (21.35; SD= 4.02) compared to the children less than 10 years (16.87; SD= 3.41).Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children with Haemophilia is more in adolescent age group compared to children in the first decade.
Potencialidades y limitaciones en la construcción de una política soberana de cooperación internacional en Ecuador (2007-2013)
Authors: Ayllón Bruno
Published: April 2020

La llegada al poder de Rafael Correa en 2007 inauguró un nuevo periodo en la realidad política y económica ecuatoriana: la Revolución Ciudadana. A las transformaciones del ordenamiento jurídico deben añadirse cambios en los procesos de planificación, la recuperación de la capacidad reguladora del Estado y la elaboración de Planes Nacionales del Buen Vivir (PNBV). Al mismo tiempo se emprendió un giro a la política exterior. Se revisó la cooperación recibida y se inició el proceso de construcción de una política pública que impulsara la Cooperación Sur - Sur (CSS).
Algunos nuevos paradigmas sobre la Libertad de Expresión
Authors: Cabezas Víctor
Published: April 2020

En los últimos años, se han acentuado las críticas al ejercicio de la libertad de expresión. Esto ha ocurrido especialmente en Latinoamérica con el surgimiento de los denominados regímenes políticos del socialismo del siglo XXI. En este artículo se trata la ambivalencia entre la importancia de la libertad de expresión como derecho humano -reconocido en los distintos instrumentos internacionales- y la prevalencia de grandes grupos económicos concentradores de medios de comunicación. A la luz de este análisis, se abordarán los retos de la libertad de expresión, en particular el concepto de censura previa estructural.
La guerra contra el Estado Islámico y la opinión pública en Estados Unidos
Authors: Naranjo María Gracia
Published: April 2020

El 23 de septiembre de 2014, Barack Obama declaró el inicio de una nueva guerra contra el terrorismo en Irak y Siria para combatir al Estado Islámico. Hasta el momento, un alto porcentaje de estadounidenses apoya el inicio de esta nueva guerra. Este ha sido un patrón constante en las guerras en las cuales Estados Unidos se ha visto involucrado en las últimas décadas: Corea, Vietnam, Irak y Afganistán. La opinión pública, en un inicio, ha favorecido la decisión de iniciar ataques militares. Sin embargo, ésta no ha sido una tendencia que se ha mantenido mientras estas guerras han seguido avanzando y sus costos han ido aumentando. La guerra de Irak es un claro ejemplo de lo mencionado; en el 2003, cuando la guerra inició, el 70% de la ciudadanía apoyaba la decisión del gobierno, mientras que en el 2013, 13 años más tarde, solamente un 35% de la población seguía considerando que la guerra era necesaria. A pesar de que la opinión pública no parece ser relevante para quienes diseñan las estrategias de seguridad nacional en Estados Unidos, resulta interesante analizar que entre la ciudadanía sí existe debate, discrepancia y cuestionamientos sobre la intervención militar en Siria e Irak ¿Cuáles son los factores que generan cambios en el apoyo hacia las acciones militares? ¿En la guerra contra el Estado Islámico, influenciarán estos factores de la misma manera que lo hicieron en guerras pasadas de similar naturaleza?
MARX, DURKHEİM VE WEBER’DE BİLİM, ETİK VE SİYASET GERİLİMİ VE SOSYOLOJİK BİREYCİLİK: KLASİK SOSYOLOJİK GELENEKTE BİR DİYALOG GİRİŞİMİ
Authors: KÜÇÜK Ömer
Published: April 2020

Klasik sosyolojiden bir miras olarak kalan değer bağımsızlığı aksiyomu, sosyolojinin gelişimi boyunca
fazlasıyla daraltılmış bir şekilde algılanmış; bu da sosyolojinin saf bir bilim olmak uğruna etik,
antropolojik ve siyasal içgörülere karşı körleşmesine yol açmıştır. Bu makalede Marx, Durkheim ve
Weber’in eserlerinde değer bağımsız sosyoloji tasarısının etik, antropolojik ve siyasal düşünümlerden
vazgeçmeye götürmediğini ortaya koymayı deniyorum. Marx’ta bilimsel tasarı, normatif boyutlar
taşıyan “eleştiri” kavrayışından ayrılamaz. Durkheim, kariyerinin başında olgu ve değerleri ayırmasına
karşın, daha sonra olgu ve değerleri, kavramlar ve idealleri ve nihai olarak doğa ve toplumu “spekülatif
natüralizm” adı verilebilecek yaratıcı bir felsefi kavrayışta sentezlemeye girişir. Olgu-değer ayrımını en
sert şekilde savunan Weber bile, araçsal rasyonalite ile değer rasyonelliği arasındaki kopuşun üzerinden
gelmeye çalışır. Makalemin diğer bir merkezi iddiası, üç öncünün üçünün de etik vizyonlarının
“sosyolojik bireycilik” adı verilebilecek bir bireycilik olduğudur. Sosyolojik bireycilik, birey ile
toplumu karşıtlaştırmak yerine birleştirmeye çalışan, insanı akılsal ve duygusal boyutlarıyla bir bütün
olarak gören bir bireyciliktir.
BİR ÇOCUK İSTİSMARI FORMU OLARAK ÇOCUK EVLİLİKLERİ: KÜLTÜRE SIĞINMANIN SINIRLARI
Authors: SÖZER Hande
Published: April 2020

Bu makale, Türkiye'de son dönemde çocuk evlilikleri konusunda artan hassasiyete rağmen çocuk

evliliklerini bir çocuk istismarı formu olarak tanımada halen bir tereddüt olduğunu iddia eder. Söz

konusu tereddüt, çocuk istismarı münferit bir meseleyken çocuk evliliklerinin kültürel bir gerçeklik

olduğu varsayımından beslenir. Böylelikle, muğlak, statik ve tahayyüle dayalı bir kültür nosyonuna

sığınan bazı kesimler çocuk evliliklerini aklamaya çalışır. Öte yandan çocuk evliliklerini eleştiren

çalışmalar arasında da benzer bir kültür algısına sığınılabildiği görülür. Böylelikle, burada iddia ettiğim

üzere, “kültür” çocuk evliliklerinde temel açıklayıcı (explicans) olarak sunulur ve kültürü çocuk

evliliklerini açıklamada ve ciddiyetle ele almada bir başlangıç noktası (explicandum) olarak görmemizi

engeller. Bu metin Türkiye’deki akademik ve toplumsal tartışmalarda çocuk evliliklerini açıklama için

kültür kavramının kullanılma şekillerini inceler ve mevcut tartışmaları Kültürel Antropoloji’nin

evrenselcilik ya da kültürel görecelilik ikiliğine eleştirisi ekseninde değerlendirir. Metnin son kısmında

da Türkiye’de çocuk evliliklerini “kültür” ile açıklamanın kimler için, hangi koşullarda, ne şekilde ve

hangi etkiye neden olacak şekilde yapıldığını sorgular.
THE EFFECT OF HIGH IMPACT ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES (HIEEPS) ON ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT AMONG BUSINESS SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Sri Ramalu Subramaniam , Nadarajah Gunalan , Yusuff Aremu Adejare
Published: April 2020

Purpose of the study: This study is carried out to examine the effects of High Impact Entrepreneurship Educational Practices (HIEEPs) namely Entrepreneurship Internship Program, Business Incubation Program and Entrepreneurial Supportive Environment on Entrepreneurial Self-Employment among business school students from three public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) located in Northern region of Malaysia.
Methodology: Quantitative research design was employed to conduct this study. This includes the use of a survey method to collect data among business school students from three public HEIs located in the Northern region of Malaysia. Data from 332 usable questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and PLS version 3.2.8.
Main Findings: The most important findings were as follows: HIEEPs namely Entrepreneurship Internship Program, Business Incubation Program, and Entrepreneurial Supportive Environment have a significant impact on the Entrepreneurial Self-Employment among business school students. Among these, the Business Incubation Program found to be the strongest predictor of Entrepreneurial Self-Employment.
Applications of this study: This study will benefit the HEIs, Ministry of Higher Education, and policymakers to understand the impact of HIEEPs in producing future entrepreneurs among business school graduates and provide critical insights for redesigning the national entrepreneurship education framework. Students and parents also will be guided in choosing the right business schools that embeds HIEEPs. Finally, the country will be able to address the graduate unemployability issue by producing more job creators instead of job seekers.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The establishment of the HIEEPs framework will the novelty of this study hence HEIs should consider providing Entrepreneurship Internship Program, Business Incubation Program, and Entrepreneurial Supportive Environment as part of HIEEPs to produce future entrepreneurs.
SAFA and GeoGebra Allies to Evaluate Natural and Cultural Sustainability: Yasuni Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Heredia Marco , Torres Bolier , AlemÃ¡n Reinaldo , Bravo Carlos , HernÃ¡ndez DÃ­az-Ambrona Carlos
Published: April 2020

The Yasuni Biosphere Reserve (YBR) occupies a unique biogeographic position in the world, where the richness of the four taxa (amphibians, birds, mammals and vascular plants) reaches maximum diversity. However, threats to species conservation are latent: the opening of roads, illegal logging, the advance of the agricultural frontier, oil extraction and the trade of wild meat in the western sector of the reserve. This paper aims to evaluate the sustainability of natural resources in multicultural communities: 1) Waorani Indigenous and 2) Migrant settlers, settled in the Diversity and Life Strip (DLS) in the YBR. Three households were defined per community, selected from the snowball sampling method. Thus, three methodological processes were applied: 1) Sustainability of natural resources using the SAFA program (version 2.4.1), it has four dimensions Good Governance (GG), Environmental Integrity (EI), Economic Resilience (ER) and Social Welfare (SW); 2) Direct observation; and 3) Lacing algorithm with the GeoGebra program used for the calculation of areas of simple polygons. The results showed that the dimension of least sustainability was ER in indigenous households and in-migrant settler households it was ER and SW. The largest sustainability area of 25,12 u2 in the migrant settler household1, while in Waorani indigenous the worst sustainability area had a value of 18,69 u2. The programs allow to promote a better understanding of the dynamics of the sustainability of natural resources. The issues identified as limited in the communities are a priority to improve sustainability.
Sound Radiation by a Point Source Near a Surface of Aircraft
Authors: Musatova Natalia K. , Sumbatyan Mezhlum A.
Published: April 2020

The problem of sound radiation by a source located in the tail of an aircraft is considered. Three methods of finding acoustic pressure are compared: the boundary element method, the Kirchhoff’s physical theory of diffraction and the ray theory. The simplest model in the form of two-dimensional problem and some thin long shape with acute angle is considered. The diffraction problem for an acoustically solid obstacle lay in the solving Fredholm’s integral equation of the second kind. Due to the boundary element method application, the equation along the entire region is reduced to the equation along the boundary. Discretization by grid nodes, selected on the boundary curve, using the collocation method is applied for numerical solution. A system of linear algebraic equations with real coefficients is formed, then the total acoustic pressure is found. The Kirchhoff’s physical theory of diffraction is based on the fact that on an arbitrary convex body in case of short-wave diffraction in the vicinity of each boundary point in the zone of light the boundary value of pressure is equal to twice pressures in the incident field. By the ray theory the modulus of the acoustic pressure in the scattering field is described by the Hankel function. Argument of this function is equal to the length of full path of the beam when it is reflected once from the border. In conclusion, the pressure in cases, when in the sharp edge there is a split node and when there isn’t, are compared. Also a scattering field calculated by three theories and scattering field in the far receiving point are built.
Soils of Buyant River Basin: Types, Properties, and Relation to Other Environmental Parameters
Authors: Battsetseg Dugersuren , Lkhagvasuren Choijinjav , Batkhishig Ochirbat , Zoljargal Khavtgai
Published: April 2020

Buyant river basin is one of the most elevated river basins of Mongolia. Its total area is 8488.7 km2, and the basin, administratively, occupy the territories of 33 bags belonging to 5 soums of Khovd (Duut, Jargalant, Buyant, and Khovd) and Bayan-Ulgi (Deluun) aimags. For the past 300 years, bottoms of the basin used for agriculture while majority of rest land exploited by traditional nomadic livestock breeding. The soils in the basin is contrast due to its altitudinal differences. There are 35 types of soils belonging to 18 soil groups of 9 orders are distributed in the Buyant river basin. The purpose of this paper is to define quantitative analysis for soil and it properties and identify external linkages with other natural factors and socio-economic indicators. The research is employed basic soil laboratory analysis following traditional methods. For the factor analysis, the multiple linear regression analysis is used. According to the results, the soils in the Buyant river basin are generally low fertile with sandy and sandy clay texture. The soil physical properties largely dependent on climate change, aridity, and land use. Besides, abovementioned natural factors and their impacts of soil properties the soil itself define social processes going on in at the basin level.
Stepan Tikhonovich Chekurda: Front-line Biography of the Legendary Artilleryman
Authors: Kabanov Alexander N.
Published: April 2020

The author of the article attempts to reconstruct the front-line biography of guards Lieutenant Colonel S.T. Chekurda in order to restore historical justice in relation to the memorialization of the hero. In order to achieve this goal, it is intended to solve the following research tasks: to summarize and, on the basis of critical analysis, make sense of the information about him available to researchers, relatives, friends and associates of S.T. Chekurda, separating fiction from reality; to examine the circumstances under which the combat officer was awarded the “Soldier” Order of Glory; to put into circulation new documents concerning the combat bi-ography of S.T. Chekurda; consistently light up the hero 's battle path. The author is far from the thought of achieving the goal completely. Many points remain controversial. At the same time, the results of the analysis provided the ground for further study of the glorified officer’s combat destiny.
Tamizaje prenatal: análisis de riesgo de aneuploidía
Authors: Salamanca Andrés
Published: April 2020

El tamizaje prenatal de aneuploidías ha tenido una importante evolución desde los tiempos de la utilización de la edad materna como único método de tamizaje, hasta la época actual con el empleo de marcadores ultrasonográficos y serológicos de primer trimestre.En esta revisión del tema, se hace énfasis en la utilización de la sonolucencia nucal como marcador ultrasonográfico del primer trimestre, la forma correcta de usar e interpretar los resultados, así como su interrelación con marcadores serológicos de primero y segundo trimestres.Los estudios más relevantes sobre el tema revelan tasas de detección que varían con base en las diferentes estrategias escogidas para el tamizaje prenatal y las distintas tasas de falsos positivos.Cada día aparecen nuevos marcadores y diferentes estrategias de tamizaje que demandan una evaluación exhaustiva antes de ponerlas en práctica en el ejercicio rutinario.