bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
True- and quasi-bound states in the continuum in one-dimensional gratings with broken up-down mirror symmetry
Authors: Głowadzka Weronika , Wasiak Michał , Czyszanowski Tomasz
Published: October 2021

There are many reports in the literature of bound states in the continuum (BICs) in systems with up–down mirror symmetry. Semiconductor-based technology requires bulk semiconductor substrates, which impose symmetry breaking in the vertical direction. In this paper, we explore the possibility of realizing BICs in a high refractive index subwavelength one-dimensional grating placed on a substrate with a refractive index that varies from 1 to almost the refractive index of the grating, while the refractive index above the grating is 1. We demonstrate that in gratings with broken up–down mirror symmetry not only symmetry-protected BICs can arise, but also Friedrich–Wintgen (FW) and interference-based (IB) BICs with diverging quality factors. The limit of the refractive index difference between the grating and the substrate supporting the BIC was found to be as little as 0.03. We also present a study of configurations composed of a finite number of grating stripes, with refractive indices corresponding to GaAs in the grating and Al-rich AlGaAs in the substrate. We demonstrate that such an all-semiconductor configuration enables Q-factors above 104 when composed of fewer than 20 periods and nearly exponential Q-factor growth with increasing numbers of grating periods. The results of this study pave the way for a new class of micro- and nano-optical cavities realised in standard all-semiconductor technology and relying on the high quality factor induced by BIC.
Sovereignty in the Digital Age – How Can We Measure Digital Sovereignty and Support the EU’s Action Plan?
Authors: Kaloudis Martin
Published: October 2021

In the states of the European Union (EU), the question currently being asked is to what extent dependence on technologies from the USA and China will have a lasting impact on state sovereignty. The term digital sovereignty stands for the EU’s desire to compensate for the deficits of the past decades, which were caused by an insufficient development of the location for software and hardware development. Autocratic states use the path of digital autarky, the USA a path of liberalization and high degrees of openness. In the EU, on the other hand, regulation, data protection, and liberal values developed over centuries play a major role in the less pronounced IT development. The path of European states to more digital sovereignty has been addressed politically as an “action plan,” but there is still no common understanding or definition of what digital sovereignty exactly means. There is a lack of a target and a measurable index as well as evaluated measures derived from it. Based on a historical derivation, this article proposes a definition for European digital sovereignty and the formation of an index. The index needs to be further scientifically elaborated for applicability.
Analysis of the structure and properties of triangular composite light-screen targets
Authors: Li Hai , Ni Jinping , Yang Xiaodong , Wu Zhichao
Published: October 2021

With the development of light-screen targets for ballistic projectiles, not only must accuracy in the measurement of projectiles be assured but also the installation of the system and error compensation in the initial calibrations must be considered. We have designed a triangular composition light-screen target that is easy to install, derived expressions for the speed and direction of ballistic trajectories based on intersecting-CCD vertical targets, and conducted analyses of the points of impact and projectile speed. Results show that errors in the point of impact are affected by the coordinates of the target plane. Positional errors gradually increase with the distance from the origin. The horizontal angle error with the trajectory line does not exceed 0.3°, whereas the vertical angle error does not exceed 0.2°. Errors in the speed of the projectile remain relatively stable when the vertical coordinates are greater. Errors in speed and direction, as well as error fluctuations, are smaller on the x = 0 plane, making it the ideal region for error compensation in initial calibrations.
The party and political system of the European Union at the beginning of the XXI century
Authors: Schweitzer Vladimir
Published: October 2021

The monograph, covering the events of the first two decades of the XXI century, examines the most significant processes of the party political system of the European Union. The program documents of various political trends in Europe, common and country-specific in the party segment of the EU member states are analysed. Special attention is paid to election campaigns during the elections to the European Parliament, the specifics of the main «party families» of the European Union – Christian Democrats / Conservatives, Liberals, Social Democrats, «greens», ethno-regional parties, national isolationists are studied in detail. The author states the turbulence in the development of the party-political system of modern Europe, the unpredictability of the evolution of this key element of the integration process in the Old World.
The Goggle Lab
Authors: Bucklin Carrie J. , Roper Lindsey K. , Belk John
Published: October 2021

In its 2011 report Vision and Change in Undergraduate Biology Education, the American Association for the Advancement of Science emphasized the use of core concepts and competencies from multiple disciplines rather than focusing on rote memorization. After the publication of this document, many individuals, departments, and institutions started using course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) as one way to transition to the inclusion of core competencies. Well-executed CUREs focus students’ learning of science practices around a project that relates to a real problem the students are helping solve. However, while CUREs are effective and can be fun for both students and instructors, not every instructor or institution has the time or the funding to engage students in a formal CURE project. This means finding alternative ways to incorporate teaching core competencies and science practices. We created the Goggle Lab to use impairment goggles, which simulate the effects of alcohol and other substances, in a general biology laboratory setting to teach core competencies and science practices, while injecting a dose of fun and integrating social issues. Students utilized the impairment goggles to design experiments, analyze data, practice basic statistics, and communicate scientific findings in a variety of formats.
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ТЕНІСИСТІВ ДО ЗМАГАНЬ ІЗ ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ЛЕГКОАТЛЕТИЧНИХ ВПРАВ
Authors: Єфременко Андрій , Пятисоцька Світлана , Павленко Віктор , Шутєєва Тетяна , Крайник Ярослав , Насонкіна Олена
Published: October 2021

Мета: визначення ефективності фізичної підготовки тенісистів до змагань із використанням різних елементів рухових дій.

Матеріал і методи: аналіз науково-методичних джерел; спостереження; вимірювання та облік; інструментальні методики; статистико-математичний аналіз. Тестову групу складали 10 юних тенісистів віком 9-12 років, які займалися на базі одного тенісного клубу та мали стаж регулярних занять тенісом (не менше трьох тренувань на тиждень) від 1 року.

Результати: головною особливістю періоду участі у турнірах є необхідність підтримання специфічного рівня спеціальної працездатності. Тому специфіка фізичної підготовки має прикладно-функціональний характер до високорівневих навантажень. Її метою є забезпечення максимальної спеціальної тренованості та підтримання її рівня, а також збереження загальної тренованості. За результатами констатувального експерименту розроблено методичні комплекси для використання у фізичній підготовці юних тенісистів протягом періоду участі у змаганнях. Визначено ефективність їх застосування. Розроблені комплекси вправ були ефективними для забезпечення розвитку бистроти і швидкісно-силових здібностей тенісистів тестової групи. Проте, їх ефективність не була значною для збільшення темпу ударів, а також збільшення силових здібностей ніг та плечового поясу.

Висновки: адаптація методики фізичної підготовки юних тенісистів передбачає врахування як особливостей фізичної підготовленості відносно результативності у змаганнях, так і її вплив на процес техніко-тактичного вдосконалення гравців. Отримані дані частково свідчать на користь застосування розроблених методичних комплексів для фізичної підготовки юних гравців у період змагань. Таким чином, представлені комплекси є перспективними щодо використання для фізичної підготовки тенісистів під час участі у змаганнях, однак, потребують більш ґрунтовнішої апробації.

Ключові слова: юні тенісисти, фізична і технічна підготовленість, цільова точність.
УЗАГАЛЬНЕННЯ ДОСВІДУ РОБОТИ В ПИТАННЯХ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ КИДКОВИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ З ОБРУЧЕМ ЮНИХ СПОРТСМЕНОК У ХУДОЖНІЙ ГІМНАСТИЦІ
Authors: Семизорова Алла , Красова Інна , Шевченко Ксенія
Published: October 2021

Мета: узагальнити тренерський досвід щодо вдосконалення кидкових елементів з обручем гімнасток 7-8 років.

Матеріал і методи: в дослідженні брали участь 120 спортсменок 7-8 років, які тренуються в ДЮСШ з художньої гімнастики міста Харкова та міста Щецин. Рівень володіння кидковими рухами обручем визначався за допомогою характерних рухових тестів із застосуванням відеозапису. Оцінювання змагальної вправи проводилося методом експертних оцінок. Експертами були тренери, які мали суддівську категорію з художньої гімнастики. Результат визначався відповідно до правил змагань. Максимальна оцінка – 10,0 балів.

Результати: виявлено рівень володіння базовими кидковими елементами з обручем гімнасток 7–8 років, обґрунтовано методику виправлення помилок. Найнижчі оцінки гімнастки отримали за наступними тестами: «Кидок обруча, що лежить на підлозі, махом ногою з обертанням навколо діаметральної вісі, ловля в стрибок через обруч» (- 6,2 балів); «Кидок предмета з обертання в бічній площині лівою рукою» (-7,0 балів); «Кидок махом горизонтально розташованого обруча, «шене», ловля в прохід в переворот боком» (-7,5 балів).

Висновки: найнижчі результати отримано при виконанні елементів «труднощів», «ризиків», «майстерності» та при виконанні кидків лівою рукою. Результат за виконання змагальної вправи з обручем – 7,2 балів. Повторні результати кидкових дій з обручем збільшились від 7% до 31% і становлять від 8,1 балів до 9,5 балів. За виконання змагальної вправи з обручем результат збільшився на 18% і становить 8,5 балів.

Ключові слова: обруч, гімнастика, художня, кидки, досвід, тренер, корекція.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДИНАМІКИ СКЛАДНОСТІ ЗМАГАЛЬНИХ ПРОГРАМ ТА РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ВИСТУПІВ НАЙСИЛЬНІШИХ КОМАНД СВІТУ В АРТИСТИЧНОМУ ПЛАВАННІ
Authors: Петренко Анастасія , Таран Лариса
Published: October 2021

Мета: визначити динаміку розвитку складності змагальних програм найсильніших команд світу у артистичному плаванні.

Матеріал і методи: теоретичний аналіз та узагальнення даних науково-методичної літератури, аналіз результатів змагань, опитування, методи математичної статистики. Проаналізовано результати виступів та змагальні програми п’ятьох найкращих виступів чемпіонатів Світу (2015, 2017, 2019 рр.) та Олімпійських ігор (2008, 2012 та 2021р.).

Результати: порівнюючи чемпіонати світу 2015, 2017, 2019 року та Олімпійські ігри 2008, 2012 та 2021 років, можна побачити, що з кожним роком виступи спортсменок збірної команди України (з 27,7% на 42,5%, тобто на 14,8%) та Італії (з 29,4% на 38,3%, тобто на 8,88%) стрімко зросли, спираючись на час, який спортсменки використовували для демонстрації зв'язок елементів. Не менш важливі дані ми отримали під час порівняння витраченого на акробатичні вправи часу кращих країн світу у артистичному плаванні. Отримані дані дозволяють нам із впевненістю стверджувати, що акробатичні вправи відіграють дуже важливу роль у артистичному плаванні. Так, ми можемо побачити, що з 2008 по 2015 роки топ-команди виконували різну кількість акробатичних вправ та різні типи акробатичних вправ, які відрізняються між собою за структурою, але починаючи з 2017 року, топ-країни почали виконувати майже однакову кількість акробатичних вправ від 5 до 6. Це дає нам змогу порівнювати продемонстрований час між собою.

Висновки: отримані результати дозволяють констатувати факт, що при однаковій кількості акробатичних вправ команди, що виконали меншу кількість часу на демонстрацію акробатичних вправ, виконують їх швидше за інших, так як швидкість «збирання та розформування» акробатичної вправи також оцінюється у артистичному плаванні і розглядається як у суддівській панелі «Виконання», так і у панелі «Складності», бо вимагає від спортсменок особливих технічних навичок. Усі команди-лідери світового артистичного плавання із року в рік суттєво ускладнюють змагальні програми за рахунок більшої кількості і складності виконуваних акробатичних вправ та збільшення кількості зв'язок елементів із тривалою затримкою дихання.

Ключові слова: артистичне плавання, класифікація, змагальні композиції, акробатичні вправи, зв’язки елементів, аналіз.
Bill of Lading Data in International Trade Research with an Application to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Flaaen Aaron , Haberkorn Flora , Lewis Logan , Monken Anderson , Pierce Justin , Rhodes Rosemary , Yi Madeleine
Published: October 2021

We evaluate high-frequency bill of lading data for its suitability in international trade research. These data offer many advantages over both other publicly accessible official trade data and confidential datasets, but they also have clear drawbacks. We provide a comprehensive overview for potential researchers to understand these strengths and weaknesses as these data become more widely available. Drawing on the strengths of the data, we analyze three aspects of trade during the COVID- 19 pandemic. First, we show how the high-frequency data capture features of the within-month collapse of trade between the United States and India that are not observable in official monthly data. Second, we demonstrate how U.S. buyers shifted their purchases across suppliers over time during the recovery. And third, we show how the data can be used to measure vessel delivery bottlenecks in near real time.
A Dummy Test of Identification in Models with Bunching
Authors: Caetano Carolina , Caetano Gregorio , Fe Hao , Nielsen Eric
Published: October 2021

We propose a simple test of the main identification assumption in models where the treatment variable takes multiple values and has bunching. The test consists of adding an indicator of the bunching point to the estimation model and testing whether the coefficient of this indicator is zero. Although similar in spirit to the test in Caetano (2015), the dummy test has important practical advantages: it is more powerful at detecting endogeneity, and it also detects violations of the functional form assumption. The test does not require exclusion restrictions and can be implemented in many approaches popular in empirical research, including linear, two-way fixed effects, and discrete choice models. We apply the test to the estimation of the effect of a mother’s working hours on her child’s skills in a panel data context (James-Burdumy 2005).
Relative prices and pure inflation since the mid-1990s
Authors: Ahn Hie Joo , Luciani Matteo
Published: October 2021

This paper decomposes consumer price inflation into pure inflation, relative price inflation, and idiosyncratic inflation by estimating a dynamic factor model á la Reis and Watson (2010) on a data set of 146 monthly disaggregated prices from 1995 to 2019. We find that pure inflation is the trend around which PCE price inflation fluctuates, while relative price inflation and idiosyncratic inflation drive the fluctuation of PCE price inflation around the trend. Unlike Reis and Watson, we find that labor market slack is the main driver of pure inflation and that energy prices account for variation in relative price inflation.
TOEPASSING VAN ISLAMITIESE REG IN SUID-AFRIKA Hassam v Jacobs [2008] 4 All SA 350 (C)
Authors: Pieter Bakker
Published: October 2021

Suid-Afrika bestaan uit 'n heterogene samelewing wat verskeie kultuur- en geloofsgemeenskappe insluit wat van dag tot dag volgens hulle eie persoonlike reg leef, ongeag of dit amptelik deur die staat erken word of nie. Een van hierdie gemeenskappe is die Moslems wat volgens Islamitiese reg leef. Hulle persoonlike reg geniet tans beperkte erkenning. Bepaalde gevolge van Moslemhuwelike word deur regspraak en wetgewing erken, alhoewel die huwelik as instelling nie erken word nie (soortgelyk aan die posisie van die inheemse huwelik voor die Wet op Erkenning van Gebruiklike Huwelike 120 van 1998). Islamitiese reg maak voorsiening vir poligene huwelike. Die howe was aanvanklik nie bereid om die gevolge van de facto poligene huwelike te erken nie of het eerder versuim om diegevolge na poligene huwelike uit te brei aangesien die huwelik voor die hof de facto monogaam van aard was. Onlangs is daar egter 'n paar sake beslis waarin bepaalde gevolge van de facto poligene Moslemhuwelike erken word. Een van hierdie sake is Hassam v Jacobs ([2008] 4 All SA 350 (C)). Die uitspraak is een van vele wat erkenning gee aan die gevolge van Moslemhuwelike. Die Hassam-uitspraak gaan ’n stap verder en erken die status van ’n langslewende gade in ’n poligene Moslemhuwelik. Daar was onlangs ook ander sake wat bepaalde gevolge van de facto poligene Moslemhuwelike erken het.  Die bespreking fokus nie op die beginsels van die intestate erfreg nie, maar eerder op die toepassing van Islamitiese reg deur die hof. Aangesien Islamitiese reg nie uitdruklik erken word nie, moet bepaal word hoe Islamitiese reg deur die hof toegepas word. Word Islamitiese reg as deel van ons landsreg beskou of word dit as vreemde reg toegepas? Verder word die hof se toepassing van Islamitiese reg op die feite van die saak krities bespreek.
TO EXEMPT OR NOT TO EXEMPT – SOME LESSONS FOR EDUCATORS AND ADMINISTRATORS
Authors: Karthy Govender  , Rowena Bernard
Published: October 2021

Schools are required to reasonably accommodate the cultural and religious rights of their learners. They can depart from these responsibilities if to do so would impose an undue burden on their core activity which is to provide effective education. Thesenorms require the schools to exercise what can be described as a judicial discretion. This article, by drawing on the judgment of MEC for Education: Kwazulu-Natal v Naveneethum Pillay, seeks to assist schools in the discharge of these responsibilities and ensure that the decisions made by the educators are consistent with the Constitution of South Africa Act 108 of 1996. The law now imposes a wide and demanding discretion upon educators and we suggest guidelines that we hope will assist and structure the exercise of this discretion. We also suggest a draft set of rules which incorporates an exemption process which school governing bodies can adopt to proactively bring their Codes of Conduct in line with the demands of the law.
BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE EVIDENCE IN CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE PROSECUTIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA: A JURISPRUDENTIAL AND COMPARATIVE INSIGHT
Authors: GP Stevens  , EC Lubaale
Published: October 2021

The role of behavioural science (BSE) in proving the occurrence of child sexual abuse (CSA) is well documented. Equally, its role in placing the evidence of the CSA victim into proper perspective is undisputable. South Africa stands out as one of the very few or perhaps the only criminal justice system in Africa which has over the years admitted BSE in CSA prosecutions. This potentially makes it a source of good practice for many criminal justice systems in Africa and the world over. Despite the many years of admitting BSE in CSA prosecutions, little is known about the critical role it has played thus far, the gaps in the courts’ current approach to BSE and how these gaps can be addressed. The present article, with reference to selected recent case law from South Africa and comparative case law from America, analyses the critical role of BSE in affording broader redress to CSA victims. The article identifies the gaps in the current approach of the courts in South Africa. Drawing from the approach of selected courts in America, it suggests additional reforms which may be relevant if the potential of BSE in CSA prosecutions is to be fully and appropriately exploited.
SOUTH AFRICAN CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ON EQUALITY: HOW EFFECTIVE IS IT IN ADDRESSING RELIGIOUS DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE?
Authors: Radley Henrico
Published: October 2021

In the South African democratic legal system the imperative of equality is given express effect to by the Constitution. The regime pertaining to the right to equality and the adjunct right not to be unfairly discriminated against is one which is highly regulated in terms of relevant national legislation giving effect to the enforcement of equality and the proscription of religious unfair discrimination as an act which detracts from the right to equality and the inherent worth of human dignity. The ILO and its relevant instruments also play an important role in determining the manner in which national legislation interprets the right to equality in general and the right not to be unfairly discriminated against specifically. This system has given rise to a jurisprudential notion of substantive equality. The Harksen v Lane case has had an appreciable impact on our case law by establishing the so-called three-stage test to determine whether unfair discrimination has taken place. Despite misgivings, the Harksen test continues to pervade our jurisprudence. An examination of three separate decisions pertaining to religious unfair discrimination suggests, however, the absence of a universal test being adopted. Courts, tribunals and fora would be encouraged when adjudicating religious discrimination disputes in the workplace to bring to the determination a context sensitive approach.
PROTECTION OF REFUGEES AND IDPS’ RIGHTS: A CASE STUDY OF POST-CONFLICT BURUNDI
Authors: LA Ndimurwimo
Published: October 2021

The number of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Burundi have escalated due to on-going human rights violations. This article interrogates the protection of refugees and IDPs’ rights in post-conflict Burundi. It seeks to trace the root causes of Burundi’s sullied human-rights record over 53 years since independence from Belgium in 1962. The post-conflict government has not succeeded in establishing accountability for these violations and reparations to the victims who are refugees and IDPs and in putting to an end impunity which seems to be entrenched in Burundian society. The article critically analyses the results from interviewing 113 Burundians and non-Burundians and argues that there will be no political stability enduring peace and solution to refugee and the IDPs problem without addressing human-rights issues in a comprehensive manner. This article considers the application of “Ceased Circumstances Clauses” under the 1951 UN and OAU Refugee Conventions from the perspective of the South African and Tanzanian refugee laws, policies and case law. Particular attention is given to the tests and criteria that can be met before these clauses may be properly implemented. It proposes the model that can be designed in cessation of refugee status to ensure the protection of refugee rights as required by international law.
DEREGISTRATION AND REINSTATEMENT OF REGISTRATION OF DEREGISTERED COMPANIES
Authors: Lindi Coetzee
Published: October 2021

One of the grounds upon which a company can be deregistered by the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (hereinafter “CIPC”) is where a company has failed to lodge annual returns for two or more years in succession. Prior to the Companies Act 71 of 2008 coming into operation, a large number of entities (approximately 900 000) were deregistered for failure to submit annual returns. While the then Companies and Intellectual Property Registration Office (CIPRO) was well within its rights to de-register noncompliant entities, many of these entities continued to operate despite their deregistration. Many creditors who were unaware of the deregistration commenced proceedings against the deregistered entities. Once creditors became aware of the deregistration, the validity of proceedings entered into during the period of deregistration was questioned. Section 82(4) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 provides that any interested person may apply to CIPC to have a deregistered company reinstated (administrative reinstatement). At any time after a company has been dissolved, the liquidator of the company, or other interested person, may apply to court for an order declaring the dissolution void, or any other order that is just and equitable in the circumstances. In Newlands Surgical Clinic v Peninsula Eye Clinic (086/2014) [2015] ZASCA 25 (20 March) , the court held that reinstatement of the registration of a company in terms of section 82(4) is completely retrospective to the date of deregistration. The court held that the retrospectivity includes the validation of corporate actions during the period of deregistration. This decision brought to an end the conflicting decisions of different divisions of the High Court on the retrospective validity of corporate actions during deregistration. This note discusses the decision of the Supreme Court of Appeal in Newlands Surgical Clinic (Pty) Ltd v Peninsula Eye Clinic (Pty) Ltd. The note also considers some aspects relating to the interpretation of section 82(4) and section 83(4).
GENDER REASSIGNMENT AND THE WORLD OF WORK: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON THE INTERSECTION BETWEEN TRANSGENDERISM, TRANS- SEXUALITY AND APPEARANCE DISCRIMINATION IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN EMPLOYMENT ARENA
Authors: DM Smit  , D Viviers
Published: October 2021

The media hype in 2015 surrounding the former Olympic athlete Bruce Jenner’s gender transition to become “Caitlyn” has put renewed focus on the issue of trans-individuals and gender reassignment. Unlike Caitlyn, however, many transsexual individuals need to function within and face an office environment every day, where employers and co-workers are not necessarily accommodating or tolerant. Workplace discrimination against transsexual employees, based on their altering or altered appearance due to gender reassignment, is a prevalent concern in places of employment across the globe, and South Africa is no exception. Employers and co-workers’ subconscious appearance preferences seem to filter into employment decisions, policies and practices, causing trans-employees to suffer severe prejudice. Against the backdrop of case law and legislative developments in foreign jurisdictions as well as locally, this article assesses the formal protection afforded to trans-employees in South African workplaces. It is argued that, apart from the existing protection against sex-based and gender-based unfair discrimination, trans-employees should also be explicitly afforded formal protection against unfair discrimination on the ground of appearance before, during and after gender reassignment. The study concludes with concrete proposals to remedy the situation and contributes to a more tolerant and effective employment realm, irrespective of appearance.
THE DUTY TO SUPPORT THE INDIGENT ELDERLY IN SOUTH AFRICA: A PUBLIC OR PRIVATE DUTY?
Authors: Marita Carnelley  , Mothokoa Mamashela
Published: October 2021

Only about 5% of South Africa’s elderly save enough to retire adequately. The legal system makes provision for a dual support system for the indigent elderly: the common law places the burden of support on their financially able children and the State has a constitutional obligation, as it recognises social assistance as a basic human right within a financially constrained paradigm. The boundaries of each system and the interaction between them are, however, not always clear. The question of who is best placed to take responsibility for the indigent elderly has led to a prolific debate in other jurisdictions. The arguments raised in favour of assigning the care of the elderly to financially able adult children are mostly based on their relationship and the tax burden that will be placed on Government should the burden be exclusively shifted to the State. Arguments against filial duty are based on the loosening of family bonds and reasons of public policy. This article discussed both the South African private and public support systems, and concludes that the shared responsibility should remain. It is recommended that the State should, however, further empower children to support their parents through a variety of programmes and strategies.
A biossegurança nas clínicas odontológicas em tempos de pandemia e para o pós-pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Grigio Giorgio da Silva , Grigio Geise da Silva
Published: October 2021

Com o advento da atual pandemia de COVID-19, os profissionais da saúde, em geral estão expostos diariamente ao contato com os pacientes, estando sujeitos à contaminação por vírus SARS-CoV2 e a desenvolver a COVID-19. Diante da grande possibilidade de contaminação, são necessárias as mudanças nos procedimentos de biossegurança e de proteção dos profissionais e pacientes nos consultórios odontológicos. O trabalho em epigrafe tem por objetivo principal demonstrar a necessidade de mudanças de forma definitiva e eficiente no comportamento e adequações na biossegurança nas clínicas odontológicas, promovida pela pandemia da COVID-19 em todo o mundo. Além da compilação das informações resultante da observação e percepções em uma clinica odontológica, a pesquisa bibliográfica acerca do tema foi utilizada para selecionar artigos e manuais de biossegurança na odontologia. Ficou evidente que a correta observação das regras de biossegurança na pratica dos serviços de odontologia, pode mitigar ou até mesmo evitar a contaminação dos profissionais e pacientes, contribuindo com a diminuição da transmissão do vírus SARS-CoV2.
DETERMINING THE PERSONAL FEATURES AND CAREER BARRIERS OF FEMALE ACADEMICIANS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Fatmanur , HERGÜNER Gülten
Published: October 2021

Aim: The present study aims to determine the personality traits of female academicians who teach sports in higher education institutions and the career barriers they encounter in the academic process. Method: The study used scanning model. The research consisted of 144 and participated voluntarily. Personal Information Form developed by the researcher; Five Factor Personality Inventory developed by Evinç(2004) and Career Barrier Scale of Female Academicians developed by Alaçam and Altuntaş(2015) were used. Results: Revealed that the average of personality traits differed significantly according to the variables of age, having children and title (p <, 05); while they did not significantly differ according to the variable of marital status (p> .05). On the other hand, the career barriers of academicians differed significantly according to the title variable (p <, 05); while there was no significant difference regarding the variables of age, marital status and number of children (p>, 05). Conclusion: Similarly, the results displayed no significant relationship between the extroversion dimension of academicians' personality traits and the dimensions of career barriers. A low level and negatively significant correlation was found among the sub-dimensions of docility, organizational culture and policies; organizational conditions and stereotyped prejudices; self-discipline and undertaking multiple roles and organizational conditions; and among the dimensions of openness to experience, undertaking multiple roles and organizational conditions. A low level and positively significant relationship was found between the sub-dimension of emotional balance and the dimensions of organizational culture and politics, taking on multiple roles, organizational conditions and stereotyped prejudices.
Influence of cerebrin on the excitability of the cerebral cortex
Authors: Osipov V. Р.
Published: October 2021

We report the protocol records of our experiments, accompanying them with diagrams, which show the course of excitability of the cortical centers in individual experiments before and after the injection of cerebrin.
Chronicle and mix. Volume XI, № 1 (1903)
Authors: Baklushinskiy I. D.
Published: October 2021

The Medical Faculty of Kiev University announced a competition for a free chair of nervous and mental diseases. The deadline for the submission of applications is April 15, 1903.
Integration of climate change into health science syllabi: international experiences to be applied in Vietnam
Authors: Kieu Thi Kinh , Hoang Thi Nam Giang
Published: October 2021

The health sector is one of the sectors most affected by climate change. According to studies worldwide, climate change increases the risk of diseases, especially infectious diseases, and extreme weather conditions and natural disasters that are negatively impacting health sector infrastructure and medical staff. Therefore, this paper firstly analyzes courses related to climate change that have been taught at many leading medical universities in the world, including: content, teaching methods, teaching methods. Then, on the basis of international experience and assessment of the training situation of health sciences groups in Vietnam, a number of solutions are proposed to increase awareness and adaptive capacity of students in schools. medicine nationwide, including integrating into the official curriculum through the introduction of climate change as a new course or embedding into existing modules and through extracurricular programs such as competitions, projects, volunteering and research activities.
Teaching plant content in natural and social subject 2018 develop scientific competencies of primary students by inquiry – discovery orientation
Authors: Nguyen Minh Giang , Nguyen Thanh Vy
Published: October 2021

Teaching by inquiry – discovery orientation is the process of using teaching methods and techniques, in which teachers organize activities for students to find new knowledge through a system of questions, oriented exercises or testing experiments. This teaching orientation consistent with the requirements teaching which development of students'competencies in natural and social subject 2018. This research desinged a teaching process consisting of 6 specific steps. We applied the teaching process to build and experiment the lesson plan "Secets of plants" (3 periods) of the plant content in Natural and Social subject 1. Experimental results show that the process and lesson plans have adapted to the development of specific scientific competencies of natural and social subjects (2018), including: scientific cognitive competencies, competencies to learn the surrounding natural and social environment and competencies to apply knowledge and skills learned.
Characteristics of authentic assessment tasks in teaching maths oriented to competency development for primary students
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Trang , Vu Dinh Phuong
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to present concepts of authentic assessment (AA) and AA tasks, one of the remarkable points compared with other assessment forms. Through some authors' researches, the article presents characteristics of AA tasks to distinguish other learning tasks, such as AA tasks must have problems posed in the contexts associated with real-life; AA tasks require students to use high-order thinking; AA tasks require students to respond by creating real products or quality performances; AA tasks orient the criteria to assess the students' performance results. In addition, several AA tasks in teaching Mathematics towards developing competencies for primary school students are designed and analyzed to clarify typical features of AA tasks.
Application of B-learning in teaching data structures and algorithms at Hanoi National University of Education
Authors: Do Trung Kien , Nguyen Thi Hong
Published: October 2021

Blended learning is becoming an attractive model in higher Education as new innovative information technologies are becoming increasingly available. However, just blending face-toface learning with information technologies cannot provide effective teaching and efficient solutions for learning. To succeed, blended learning must rely on solid learning theory, pedagogical strategies, course design methods, especially lectures, scenario builders, and course implementers. The paper presents research findings on specific course designs in which researcher and lecturer work closely with each other. The Blended learning course was designed, implemented, and redesigned to make the Blended learning course an effective and efficient learning environment. This study proposed what elements were needed to successfully assist a higher education lecturer in designing and teaching a Blended learning course.
Clinical outcome and toxicity in post-COVID suspected cases of mucormycosis treated with amphotericin B at dedicated COVID hospital: a prospective observational study
Authors: Emaran Sheikh Ismail Teli Sheikh , Bhangale Chetan , Ramanand Jaiprakash , Mahajan Harshal
Published: October 2021

Background: Recently, several cases of mucormycosis in people with COVID-19 have been increasingly reported world-wide, in particular from India. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B are often used as first-line treatment. Present study aims to assess and analyze clinical outcome and toxicity in post-COVID suspected cases of mucormycosis treated with amphotericin B at dedicated COVID hospital.Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study conducted at government medical college, Jalgaon which was a dedicated COVID hospital. Clinically suspected cases of mucormycosis treated with Amphotericin B were included in the study. We collected the data of previous treatment records, demographics, comorbidities, laboratory investigations and clinical outcome from the case files of patients admitted with diagnosis of clinically suspected mucormycosis with history of COVID-19 infection.Results: Out of 57 patients, majority of them belonged to age group of 51-60 years comprising of 21 patients (37%) and 86% had involvement of one or more paranasal sinus/es. On analyzing prescription pattern and outcomes in patients of present study, it was found that majority of the patients had recovered completely comprising of 40 patients (70%), of which 21 patients (37%) had received liposomal amphotericin B, followed by lipid emulsion amphotericin B in 12 patients (21%).Conclusions: The present study was first of its kind to analyze the prescribing trend of amphotericin B and outcomes in clinically suspected post-COVID cases of mucormycosis. Liposomal amphotericin B was found to be more effective and safer in terms of better recovery rate and less adverse events.
Association of body mass index, hand grip strength and quality of life with response to anti-tubercular therapy in adult patients of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Mishra Prashant , Verma Vipin Kumar , Meenu Meenakshi , Mohan Anant , Bhatia Jagriti , Arya Dharamvir Singh
Published: October 2021

Background: Monitoring of anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) response necessary for successful completion of ATT regimen. Presently available monitoring tools are invasive and have limitations. This study undertaken to see whether non-invasive tools like body mass index (BMI), hand grip strength (HGS) and quality of life (QOL) can serve as a reliable tool for monitoring ATT response.Methods: The 50 patients of tuberculosis were monitored for BMI, HGS and QOL via WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and analyzed at baseline, 2 months and 6 months of starting ATT.Results: BMI HGS increased significantly at 2 months and 6 months compared to baseline with ATT. Physical and social domain of WHOQOL-BREF increased at 2 and 6 months with ATT, other domains shown no significant changes.Conclusions: Monitoring of BMI, handgrip strength and QOL can be a cost-effective tool for monitoring ATT response, both in pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.
Are all adverse effects undesirable? a case of chemotherapy induced adverse effect- an exception!?
Authors: Malathi Divyashanthi Chellathambi , Priyadharsini Raman Palanisamy , Elango Dhivya
Published: October 2021

Targeted cancer therapies, a recent development in cancer chemotherapy are drugs that block the growth and spread of cancer by interfering with specific molecules which are responsible for the progression of cancer, among which tyrosine kinase inhibitors play an important role. Erlotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor and is a promising drug for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancers and unresectable metastatic pancreatic cancers. Adverse drug reactions are noxious and unintended responses to drugs that occur at doses normally used in man. Cancer chemotherapeutics are well known to cause a wide range of adverse effects from mild to serious ones. All anticancer drugs cause alopecia, gastrointestinal disturbances, skin and hair changes as they affect all the rapidly proliferating cells in addition to cancer cells. Erlotinib causes some less serious adverse effects, one of which is trichomegaly which is presented here in this case report. Though adverse reactions are generally undesirable, trichomegaly induced by erlotinib could be considered as a marker of good tumor response to treatment and a positive outcome. Moreover, this adverse effect could be exploited in the treatment of madarosis for which currently, treatment options are very few.
Comparison of the mean healing time of wound after vacuum assisted closure versus conventional dressing in diabetic foot ulcer patients
Authors: Mooghal Mehwish , Usman Muhammad , Khan Wajiha , Brohi Lal Bux , Ahmad Asrar , Rahim Kamran
Published: October 2021

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU’s) are chronic wounds in diabetics resulting from ischemia, angiogenesis defects and impaired immunity. Vacuum assisted closure (VAC) provides a new paradigm for diabetic wound dressing. This study compares the mean healing time of wound after VAC versus conventional dressing (CD) in DFU patients.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial carried out at surgery department, at tertiary teaching hospital over a period from 28th February-27th August 2020. Total 60 patients of age (25-75 years), both genders having DFU were included. Patients were placed randomly into two groups i.e., group A (VAC therapy) and group B (CD), by using lottery method. Mean healing time noted in both groups. For statistical analysis, SPSS version 20.0 was used. Independent ‘t’ test used to compare the mean healing time of both groups and p≤0.05 considered significant. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification and post-stratification independent ‘t’ test, to see their effect on healing time. P≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 53.13±9.09 years and in group B was 53.53±9.09 years. Out of 60 patients 41 (68.33%) were males and 19 (31.67%) were females. The mean healing time of wound in DFU patients after VAC closure (group A) was 12.07±2.15 days and after CD (group B) was 17.50±3.16 days with p=0.0001.

Conclusions: Study concluded that mean healing time after VAC is less in DFU patients as compared to CD.
Marcus Antonius Orator and his quaestors: positions of imperium bearer and the order of lower magistrates’ service under him
Authors: Dementyeva Vera V.
Published: October 2021

The article examines controversial questions about what positions Marcus Antonius Orator held in 102-100 BC and in what order were the quaestors Caius Norbanus and Aulus Gabinius under him as the bearer of the imperium. The following historical reconstruction is proposed: sent in 102 BC in the position of praetor to Cilicia to fight pirates, M. Antonius continued his mission in 101 BC in the status of proconsul of the province of Asia. The Greek designation for the office of Anthony στραταγὸς ἀνθύπατος (IGRP 4.1116) is interpreted as a «proconsul». In the same 101 BC to him, the governor of Asia, Aulus Gabinius arrived as a quaestor (and not in 102 BC, as is often stated in historiography), who, most likely, remained with him in the status of proquestor for the 100th year. It doesn’t not look possible for the author to determine the year of questorship of C. Norbanus under M. Antonius and assumptions in the scientific literature about 102, 101, 100 and 99 BC years are rejected in the article. According to the author, the questorship of Norbanus occurred some year earlier than 103 BC; at the same time dating to 113 BC is practically excluded. There are more reasons to believe that in the chronological period from the pro-praetorian powers of M. Antonius in 113 to his mission in Cilicia he was endowed with an empire in some year and had C. Norbanus as a quaestor, but due to the «silence» of the sources, it is not possible to establish this year.
Online community of the Coloured people of South Africa: Vannie Kaap
Authors: Turianitsa Daria A.
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the dynamically developing online community of the Сoloured population of South Africa - Vannie Kaap. The author made an attempt to evaluate the importance of this community and trace its history from the moment of its foundation in 2015 to the present day based on materials obtained mainly from the Internet. Particular attention is paid to the consideration and analysis of the causes of this phenomenon, its development and influence of the online group in shaping the images of the Coloured population among other South Africans.
The question of “equality” in freedom of religion in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Son Nam
Published: October 2021

The article is about how step by step, religious equality has become a solution in the process of ensuring religious freedom in the environment of religious pluralism and religious diversity. However, around the application of the equality solution, there have been arguments about its practical effectiveness. This article illustrates observations about equality in religious freedom in Vietnam, which are based on scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, and comparison. The research results confirm that the equal solution has proved consistent with the characteristics of the Vietnamese socialist state and Vietnamese culture tolerance and posed challenges to recognizing religious organizations’ legal status in Vietnam
Decrease Corneal Hysteresis in Early Glaucoma Patients Measured with Ocular Response Analyzer (Ora) Helps in Early Diagnosis of Glaucoma
Authors: Szumny Dorota
Published: October 2021

The aim of the research was to compare the intraocular pressure value (IOP) measured with a GAT (Goldmann tonometer) with the cornea compensated IOP obtained with an ORA tonometer, and to establish whether there is a correlation between the IOP, corneal hysteresis and OCT RNFL results. Patients were divided into two groups: healthy individuals, with no ophthalmic history, and patients with early primary open angle glaucoma, treated pharmacologically with no history of either laser nor surgical eye treatment. The inclusion criteria were assessed based on the ophthalmic assessment of the optic nerve disc and perimetry (MD>-6dB). The control group included 25 subjects and the patient group 46. All measurements were performed in the Glaucoma Outpatient Clinic of the Wroclaw University Hospital: intraocular pressure with GAT and ORA, central corneal thickness, OCT RNFL. A significant positive correlation between ORA IOP and GAT IOP was found in the glaucoma group. There was significant negative correlation between ORA IOP and CH. There was a strong positive correlation between ORA IOP and GAT IOP results in the control group. Corneal hysteresis (CH) in patients with early stage glaucoma, confirmed by incorrect OCT RNFL values, is lower compared with the control group. CH is an important parameter useful for glaucoma diagnosis and evaluation of risk groups. IOP values measured with the ORA tonometer correlated with results obtained with the GAT. ORA tonometry is a novel, noninvasive method of intraocular pressure and corneal hysteresis measurement, that can be used alternatively for GAT.