bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Approaches to Herbicide and Bioherbicide Discovery
Authors: Duke Stephen O. , Twitty Alyssa , Baker Claire , Sands David , Boddy Louis , Travaini María Lucía , Sosa Gustavo , Polidore Alexander L.A. , Jhala Amit J. , Kloeber Jack M. , Jacq Xavier , Lieber Lucas , Varela Maria Celeste , Lazzaro Martina , Alessio Ana P. , Ladner Christopher C. , Fourches Denis , Bloch Itai , Gal Maayan , Gressel Jonathan , Putta Karthik , Phillip Yael , Shub Ifat , Ben-Chanoch Eyal , Dayan Franck E.
Published: October 2024

During the past 30 yr an impasse has developed in the discovery and commercialization of synthetic herbicides with new molecular targets and novel chemistries. Similarly, there has been little success with bioherbicides, both microbial and chemical. These bioherbicides are needed to combat fast-growing herbicide resistance and to fulfill the need for more environmentally and toxicologically safe herbicides. In response to this substantial and growing opportunity, numerous start-up companies are utilizing novel approaches to provide new tools for weed management. These diverse new tools broaden the scope of discovery, encompassing advanced computational, bioinformatic, and imaging platforms; plant genome–editing and targeted protein degradation technologies; and machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI)-based strategies. This review contains summaries of the presentations of 10 such companies that took part in a symposium held at the WSSA annual meeting in 2024. Four of the companies are developing microbial bioherbicides or natural product–based herbicides, and the other six are using advanced technologies, such as AI, to accelerate the discovery of herbicides with novel molecular target sites or to develop non-GMO, herbicide-resistant crops.
Enhancing image recognition robustness in early weed detection through optimal training data curation
Authors: Matsuhashi Saeko , Oishi Yu , Koarai Akira , Sugiura Ryo
Published: October 2024

Using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for image recognition is effective for early weed detection. However, the impact of training data curation, specifically concerning morphological changes during the early growth phases of weeds, on recognition robustness remains unclear. We focused on four weed species (giant ragweed [Ambrosia trifida L.], red morningglory [Ipomoea coccinea L.], pitted morningglory [Ipomoea lacunosa L.], and burcucumber [Sicyos angulatus L.]) with varying cotyledon and true leaf shapes. Creating 16 models in total, we employed four dataset patterns with different growth stage combinations, two image recognition algorithms (object detection: You Look Only Once [YOLO] v5 and image classification: Visual Geometry Group [VGG] 19), and two conditions regarding the number of species treated (four and two species). We evaluated the effects of growth stage training on weed recognition success using two datasets. One evaluation revealed superior results with a single class/species training dataset, achieving >90% average precision for detection and classification accuracy under most conditions. The other dataset revealed that merging different growth stages with different shapes as a class effectively prevented misrecognition among different species when using YOLOv5. Both results suggest that integrating different shapes in a plant species as a single class is effective for maintaining robust recognition success amid temporal morphological changes during the early growth stage. This finding not only enhances early detection of weed seedlings but also bolsters the robustness of general plant species identification.
Regionalization of Climate Elasticity Preserves Dooge's Complementary Relationship
Authors: Awasthi Chandramauli , Vogel Richard M. , Sankarasubramanian A.
Published: October 2024

Climate elasticity of streamflow represents a nondimensional measure of the sensitivity of streamflow to climatic factors. Estimation of such elasticities from observational records has become an important alternative to scenario‐based methods of evaluating streamflow sensitivity to climate. Nearly all previous elasticity studies have used a definition of elasticity known as arc elasticity, which measures changes in streamflow about mean values of streamflow and climate. Using observational records in the western U.S., our findings reveal that elasticity definitions based on power law models lead to both regional and basin specific estimates of elasticity which are physically more realistic than estimates based on arc elasticity. Evaluating the ability of arc and power law elasticity estimators in reproducing Dooge's complementary relationship (DCR) between potential evapotranspiration and precipitation elasticities reveal that power law elasticities estimated from at‐site, panel, and hierarchical statistical models reproduce DCR, whereas corresponding estimators based on arc elasticity cannot reproduce DCR. Importantly, our regional elasticity formulations using panel and hierarchical formulations led to estimates of both regional and basin specific estimates of elasticities, enabling and contrasting streamflow sensitivity to climate across both basins and regions.
Earthquakes May Lace Quartz Veins with Gold
Authors: Wilke Carolyn
Published: October 2024

Seismic activity may kick off chemical reactions that seed nuggets of gold.
The Curie Surface and Lithospheric Thermal Structure in Mongolia‐Baikal Region
Authors: Hou Jing , Fang Jian , Wang Kai
Published: October 2024

The Mongolia‐Baikal region, located between the Siberia, North China, and Tarim cratons, exhibits the most pronounced lithospheric accretion and extension since the Phanerozoic. Despite its distance from plate boundaries, the region's notable tectonic activity underscores its importance for studying intraplate lithospheric deformation. However, its lithospheric thermal structure, particularly at high resolution, remains inadequately characterized. By integrating magnetic anomaly constraints with heat flow measurements, we have obtained a high‐resolution lithospheric thermal structure for the Mongolia‐Baikal region, revealing lithospheric thicknesses ranging from 60 to 180 km. The Curie depth and mantle heat flow also show diverse variations across different regions. Our results suggest that elevated mantle heat flow in the Baikal Rift Zone, coupled with a uniform Curie depth and minimal lithospheric thinning, likely reflects lithospheric weakening from mantle upwelling, facilitating rifting in the early stages of the rift's formation. Additionally, some localized lithospheric thermal variations identified in our results may be closely linked to the formation of the Hangai Plateau and the low magnetic anomalies observed in the Mongolia‐Okhotsk suture.
The role of QI collaboratives in neonatology
Authors: Bapat Roopali , Pearlman Stephen
Published: October 2024

Quality improvement collaboratives (QICs) use their collective experiences from participating centers to accelerate the translation of evidence into practice, resulting in reduced variation and improved clinical outcomes. There are several regional, national, and international QICs in neonatology. In this review, we discuss the framework and evaluate national QICs primarily based in US and share the contributions of selected studies. We found that the QICs in neonatology play a significant role in identification of target topics, developing best practices, improving provider knowledge, building QI capacity, and improving outcomes. The key strengths of QICs are that they produce more generalizable learnings, involve a larger patient population which enhances statistical analysis, and offer resources to smaller institutions. Limitations include institutions contributing unequally to the overall results, difficulty in interpreting results when multiple improvement strategies are applied simultaneously, and the possible lack of academic recognition for individual center leadership.
Metabolic regulation of the immune system in health and diseases: mechanisms and interventions
Authors: Hu Tengyue , Liu Chang-Hai , Lei Min , Zeng Qingmin , Li Li , Tang Hong , Zhang Nannan
Published: October 2024

Metabolism, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and other metabolic pathways, impacts the phenotypes and functions of immune cells. The metabolic regulation of the immune system is important in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune diseases and metabolic diseases. The concept of immunometabolism was introduced over a decade ago to elucidate the intricate interplay between metabolism and immunity. The definition of immunometabolism has expanded from chronic low-grade inflammation in metabolic diseases to metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in various diseases. With immunometabolism being proposed and developed, the metabolic regulation of the immune system can be gradually summarized and becomes more and more clearer. In the context of many diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, and many other disease, metabolic reprogramming occurs in immune cells inducing proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. The phenotypic and functional changes of immune cells caused by metabolic regulation further affect and development of diseases. Based on experimental results, targeting cellular metabolism of immune cells becomes a promising therapy. In this review, we focus on immune cells to introduce their metabolic pathways and metabolic reprogramming, and summarize how these metabolic pathways affect immune effects in the context of diseases. We thoroughly explore targets and treatments based on immunometabolism in existing studies. The challenges of translating experimental results into clinical applications in the field of immunometabolism are also summarized. We believe that a better understanding of immune regulation in health and diseases will improve the management of most diseases.
Excess dietary sugar and its impact on periodontal inflammation: a narrative review
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Shashikiran , Karmakar Shaswata
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Sugar is omnipresent in the current food environment and sugar consumption has drastically risen over the past century. Extensive evidence highlights the negative health consequences of consuming excess dietary sugars, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Heart Association (AHA) to devise guidelines to restrict sugar intake. According to the WHO’s Global Oral Health Status Report of 2022, oral diseases and severe periodontitis are a massive public health problem, and dietary sugars are a modifiable risk factor.

Methods

We conducted a literature review using key databases to summarise the health effects of excessive sugar consumption and their potential role in periodontal inflammation.

Results and conclusion

Available evidence suggests that excess dietary fructose and sucrose can cause low-grade systemic inflammation; and induce dysbiosis in both gut and the oral microbiota. Also, dietary sugar is potentially addictive and hypercaloric and its overconsumption can lead to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and other risk factors for periodontal inflammation. Hence, an unbalanced diet with excess dietary sugars holds the potential to initiate and aggravate periodontal inflammation. In the modern food environment that enables and facilitates a high-sugar diet, adopting a diverse diet and restricting sugar intake according to WHO and AHA guidelines seem beneficial to systemic and periodontal health. Since clinical evidence is limited, future research should study the effectiveness of dietary interventions that control sugar consumption in preventing and managing the global public health problem of periodontal inflammation.
Biomolecular condensates mediate bending and scission of endosome membranes
Authors: Wang Yanning , Li Shulin , Mokbel Marcel , May Alexander I. , Liang Zizhen , Zeng Yonglun , Wang Weiqi , Zhang Honghong , Yu Feifei , Sporbeck Katharina , Jiang Liwen , Aland Sebastian , Agudo-Canalejo Jaime , Knorr Roland L. , Fang Xiaofeng
Published: October 2024

Multivesicular bodies are key endosomal compartments implicated in cellular quality control through their degradation of membrane-bound cargo proteins1–3. The ATP-consuming ESCRT protein machinery mediates the capture and engulfment of membrane-bound cargo proteins through invagination and scission of multivesicular-body membranes to form intraluminal vesicles4,5. Here we report that the plant ESCRT component FREE16 forms liquid-like condensates that associate with membranes to drive intraluminal vesicle formation. We use a minimal physical model, reconstitution experiments and in silico simulations to identify the dynamics of this process and describe intermediate morphologies of nascent intraluminal vesicles. Furthermore, we find that condensate-wetting-induced line tension forces and membrane asymmetries are sufficient to mediate scission of the membrane neck without the ESCRT protein machinery or ATP consumption. Genetic manipulation of the ESCRT pathway in several eukaryotes provides additional evidence for condensate-mediated membrane scission in vivo. We find that the interplay between condensate and machinery-mediated scission mechanisms is indispensable for osmotic stress tolerance in plants. We propose that condensate-mediated scission represents a previously undescribed scission mechanism that depends on the physicomolecular properties of the condensate and is involved in a range of trafficking processes. More generally, FREE1 condensate-mediated membrane scission in multivesicular-body biogenesis highlights the fundamental role of wetting in intracellular dynamics and organization.
Dual Leap Motion Controller 2: A Robust Dataset for Multi-view Hand Pose Recognition
Authors: Gil-Martín Manuel , Marini Marco Raoul , San-Segundo Rubén , Cinque Luigi
Published: October 2024

This paper presents Multi-view Leap2 Hand Pose Dataset (ML2HP Dataset), a new dataset for hand pose recognition, captured using a multi-view recording setup with two Leap Motion Controller 2 devices. This dataset encompasses a diverse range of hand poses, recorded from different angles to ensure comprehensive coverage. The dataset includes real images with the associated precise and automatic hand properties, such as landmark coordinates, velocities, orientations, and finger widths. This dataset has been meticulously designed and curated to maintain a balance in terms of subjects, hand poses, and the usage of right or left hand, ensuring fairness and parity. The content includes 714,000 instances from 21 subjects of 17 different hand poses (including real images and 247 associated hand properties). The multi-view setup is necessary to mitigate hand occlusion phenomena, ensuring continuous tracking and pose estimation required in real human-computer interaction applications. This dataset contributes to advancing the field of multimodal hand pose recognition by providing a valuable resource for developing advanced artificial intelligence human computer interfaces.
Assessment and forecasting of water ecological security and obstacle factor diagnosis in the Hexi Corridor of Northwest China
Authors: Sun Dongyuan , Ji Zonghu , Wang Yike , Zhang Wenrui
Published: October 2024

The water ecological security pattern is a core factor. A scientific, accurate, and practical evaluation of water ecological security provides a theoretical basis for regional water ecological management. Using water resource data from five cities in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province (Jiuquan (JQ), Jiayuguan (JYG), Zhangye (ZY), Jinchang (JC), and Wuwei (WW)) from 2006 to 2021, a water ecological security evaluation index system based on the PSR (pressure-state-response) framework was constructed, covering 27 factors related to water resources, socio-economics, and the ecological environment. The main obstacle factors of water ecological security were identified using the obstacle degree model, and the grey GM(1,1) model was employed to predict water ecological security. Results indicated that the comprehensive assessment index of water ecology in the Hexi Corridor increased from 2006 to 2021, showing a transition from relatively unsafe (0.319) to basic safety and then to relatively safe (0.672). The pressure and response systems were the main limiting factors affecting water ecological security in the Hexi Corridor. After a slight decline in 2008, the overall spatial distribution continued to rise, with WW City and ZY City leading since 2016. ZY had a higher safety grade proportion (25%) compared to other areas in the Hexi region. The pressure system was the most significant obstacle to water ecological security after 2006. Prediction results indicated that the comprehensive evaluation index of water ecological security would continue to rise annually from 2022 to 2031, reaching a very safe level by 2025. The evaluation results provide a scientific basis for ecological security and risk decision-making in the study area.
Support effects on conical intersections of Jahn–Teller fluxional metal clusters on the sub-nanoscale
Authors: Krupka Katarzyna M. , de Lara-Castells María Pilar
Published: October 2024

The doubly degenerate vibrational mode of Cu3 is coupled to the doubly degenerate ground electronic state resulting in a Jahn–Teller distortion of the equilibrium D3h structure. The distortion is almost unaffected by the support in a C3 structure.
Product branching in the photodissociation of oxazole detected by broadband rotational spectroscopy
Authors: Downes-Ward Briony , Behzadfar Abbas , Thawoos Shameemah , Suits Arthur G.
Published: October 2024

The products of the UV photodissociation of oxazole were measured via broadband rotational spectroscopy in a uniform supersonic flow. Seven products were detected associated with five channels, with HCN and HCO as the dominant species observed.
Efficient spin filtering through Fe4GeTe2-based van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Davoudiniya Masoumeh , Sanyal Biplab
Published: October 2024

Ab initio simulations reveal that Fe4GeTe2/GaTe heterostructures with PtTe2 electrodes exhibit high spin polarization and 487% tunnel magnetoresistance, demonstrating strong spin filtering and potential for spintronic applications.
Modulating the birefringence of two-dimensional hybrid lead bromide perovskites using pyridine derivative cations
Authors: Zhang Li-Ling , Huang Hua , Ding Qingran , Xiao Hui-Ping , Liu Qing-Yan , Wang Yu-Ling
Published: October 2024

Crystal structures and optoelectronic performance of hybrid two-dimensional lead bromide halide perovskites are elaborately regulated by pyridyl cations, which achieve a significantly enhanced birefringence of 0.315 (550 nm) for crystal 2.
Au-based conjugated microporous polymers for combined photodynamic and radiation therapy in cancer treatment
Authors: Pan Xinni , Cui Shengsheng , Fan Shanshan , Cao Cheng , Jiao Yingao , Fu Yanfei , Niu Jiaqi , Lin Shujin , Zhu Yueqi , Liu Yanlei
Published: October 2024

We developed gold-coordinated porphyrin conjugated microporous polymers (Au-CMP) as novel radiosensitizers in combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radiotherapy (RT), aiming to achieve optimal therapeutic effects at low radiation doses.
Formal one-carbon insertion into esters via copper-catalyzed diyne cyclization/[1,2]-acyl shift
Authors: Shi Chong-Yang , Wang Qian , Liu Li-Gao , Wang Jing , Chen Rui , Liu Lin , Ye Long-Wu , Lu Xin , Zhu Xin-Qi
Published: October 2024

A copper-catalyzed intramolecular formal one-carbon insertion into esters via a cascade diyne cyclization/[1,2]-acyl shift pathway is disclosed, enabling the atom-economical and practical synthesis of various chromeno[3,4-c]pyrroles.
Modelling and optimization of TPMLMs with slotted stators based on Bayesian DNN
Authors: Wu Tao , Dai Peipei , Zhu Kai , Zhu Yachao
Published: October 2024

The Permanent Magnet Linear Motor (TPMLM) is widely used in different industrial fields. TPMLMs with slots and iron cores have high power density, but their thrust fluctuations and copper losses are significant. Due to the nonlinearity and saturation of magnetic circuits, their electromagnetic models are complex and the accuracy of numerical methods is very inferior. Substantially accurate modelling is crucial for motor optimisation design. In this paper, a data‐driven modelling method based on Bayesian optimisation deep neural network (DNN) is proposed to improve the accuracy of the electromagnetic field. The finite element (FE) modelling under different structural parameters is analysed and provides a training dataset for DNN. Then, a multi‐objective optimisation problem for the slotted TPMLM is carried out based on the multi‐objective black hole algorithm. Compared to the original design, the average thrust of TPMLM increased by 49.37%, the thrust fluctuation percentage decreased by 9.59%, and the coil copper consumption percentage decreased by 2.64%. The results show that the improved DNN model has very high modelling accuracy, providing a new way for motor design and optimisation.
The effect of sowing dates and seed rates on field germination of new varieties of wheat
Authors: Karshiev Alisher , Bobomirzayev Pirnazar , Bozorov Kamol , Amanturdiyev Ilhom , Xolmirzayeva Lola
Published: October 2024

The article presents the effect of sowing dates and seed rates on the field gemination of seeds of new varieties of durum wheat Javahir, Mingchinor, Langar, Yoqut-2014 in drought conditions. The complete harvest of winter durum wheat and its wintering, storage until harvest, and ultimately, obtaining an abundant and high-quality grain harvest from the crop directly depend on the correct determination of the optimal sowing period and norms. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of sowing dates and seed rates on the field germination of new durum wheat in the conditions of typical gray soils of the drought conditions of Kashkadarya region. In research, the highest germination of durum wheat seeds was observed when planted on October 21, that is, the fertility of seeds compared to when planted on October 1 (control) was 2.9 in accordance with Javokhir, Mingchinor, Langar, Yoqut-2014 varieties; 2.7; 3.2; increased by 3.3%. A decrease in field fertility of all durum wheat cultivars was observed with late sowing. This indicator is 5.8 in the Jawakhir variety compared to the one planted on October 21 in the first ten days of December; 6.1 in Mingchinor; 6.3 at anchor; Ruby decreased by 6.4% in 2014. In the Mingchinor variety, 2.1% delay in planting dates from October 21 and 6.6% decrease in seed germination in field conditions were found. In the article, the impact of planting dates and standards of durum wheat varieties Javahir, Mingchinor, Langar, Yoqut-2014 included in the State Register of Agricultural Crops on field germination was studied and recommendations were given based on the experimental results.
Optimization process of filling the cocoons with process water in a universal vacuum-steaming device
Authors: Kodirov Ziyodulla , Bobojanov Husankhon , Dadajonov Sharabidin , Yusupov Sabirjon
Published: October 2024

This article presents the results of a study carried out to optimize the process of filling the inner surface of cocoons with process water in a domestically produced universal vacuum-steaming device. Optimization was carried out according to the definition of a second-order polynomial Regression Multifactor Model (RMM) based on the results of the Rotatable Central Composition Experiment (RCCE). For this purpose, experiments were carried out in several versions on a universal vacuum-steaming device at different water temperatures and steaming durations. Keywords. Cocoons, vacuum, universal, optimal, parameter, raw silk, steaming, experiment, factor, temperature, duration, preparation, unwinding, sericin.
Intelligent crop yield prediction system using neural networks and databases
Authors: Kutyrev Alexey , Zubina Valeria
Published: October 2024

Machine learning plays an important role in decision support and yield forecasting. This is an effective tool for determining strategies during the growing season of plants. The article proposes a method for predicting yield using a complex system consisting of a convolutional neural network (CNN), a feedforward neural network (FNN), and a SQLiteStudio database. The system includes several stages of data processing, starting with the collection and analysis of images and digital data obtained from various sources, and ending with yield forecasting based on this data. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to analyze images and video streams to recognize and count fruits on trees, providing accurate data about the status of the crop. Feedforward neural network (FNN) is used to analyze digital data, such as weather station data and long-term crop yield data, to subsequently predict crop yields. The received data is stored in a relational database, which ensures their structured storage and access for subsequent processing. Used SQL language to perform various database operations. To automate the process of counting fruits on trees, the YOLOv8 convolutional neural network model is used, which allows recognizing objects in real time. A Python script has been developed to process images using YOLOv8 and save the results to a database. An integrated system combines various methods and technologies to predict yields and automate data collection and analysis processes. The developed model showed a mean square error (MSE) of 7.33 and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 6.27%.
Morphological variability and fertility of Syringa josikaea pollen under industrial pollution of the Arctic city
Authors: Vasilevskaya Natalia , Morozova Daria
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of study of the morphology and embryology of Syringa josikaea pollen in the conditions of a cold climate and industrial pollution in the city of Murmansk. Four test sites were laid in the city from the North to the South. During the period of blossoming of lilac, flowers with mature pollen were collected. After staining by acetocarmine, palynological studies and fertility tests were carried out. The shape, size, number of apertures and furrows of pollen, developmental disorders, fertility were studied. High morphological variability and large proportion of sterile pollen were revealed in the North and Central districts of the city of Murmansk, where industrial enterprises are located.
Application of machine learning algorithms for predicting agricultural crop yields
Authors: Kukartsev Vladislav , Orlov Vasiliy , Khramkov Vladimir , Rozhkova Alyona
Published: October 2024

This article examines the use of machine learning algorithms for predicting the yield of agricultural crops. The primary classification method chosen is the C4.5 algorithm, which allows for the construction of interpretable models that identify key factors affecting yield. The analysis utilized data from a dataset available on the Kaggle platform, including information on various crops, their yields, and associated factors such as rainfall, fertilizer usage, air temperature, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil. The conducted correlation analysis showed that air temperature and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil have the greatest impact on yield. Despite high correlation, the amount of fertilizer and rainfall were less significant in the model, indicating the need for further investigation of their influence. The model evaluation on the Deductor Studio platform demonstrated high classification accuracy, but there are opportunities for improvement. The importance of the results underscores the necessity for precise monitoring and management of key factors in agricultural practice to enhance productivity. Future research could focus on integrating larger datasets and more complex algorithms, as well as utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) systems for more accurate monitoring and yield prediction.
Optimum conditions for primary callus production in microclonal propagation of Aronia melonacarpa (Michx) Elliott
Authors: Abduganiyeva Dildora , Ruziyev Kosim , Khasanov Normat , Urazova Rano
Published: October 2024

The research describes the results of experiments aimed at determining the dependence of sterilization methods and the type of initial material on the effectiveness of primary callus production in microclonal propagation of Aronia melonacarpa (Michx.) Elliott. In the experiments, the optimal conditions for sterilization of biomaterials obtained from plants were initially selected. To increase the efficiency of callusogenesis, the composition of the MS medium was modified and used. Alternatively, microclonal shoots have been shown to be an effective initial material for primary callus production from A. melonacarpa. The results obtained in this work can serve to increase the efficiency of the technology of microclonal production in plants. Key words: Aronia melanocarpa, callus, callus induction, BAP, initial material, explant, cortex.
Dissemination of the new crop types cereals in Turkistan region
Authors: Muzaffarov Feruz , Haitov Jahongir , Sobirov Umid , Ergashev Jakhongir
Published: October 2024

In this article, the process of dissemination of new varieties of cereals in theTurkestan region at the beginning of the last century was scientifically researched through the analysis of primary sources. Comments and feedback has also been provided on issues such as grain crop varieties, yield, properties, disease resistance, water consumption.
Information system for monitoring number of fruits and their condition using computer vision technology
Authors: Shimokhin A.V. , Luchinovich A.A. , Boltovsky S.N. , Gritsay A.S.
Published: October 2024

The main objectives of process automation are to improve the quality and productivity of process execution. An automated process has more stable characteristics than a manually executed process. One of the tools of automation is artificial intelligence in general and computer vision in particular. Computer vision (also called machine vision) is a scientific trend in the field of artificial intelligence and related technologies for acquiring images of real-world objects, processing them and using the obtained data to solve various kinds of applied tasks without (full or partial) human participation. From an engineering perspective, computer vision seeks to automate tasks that can be performed by the human visual system. Computer vision tasks include ways of acquiring, processing, analysing, and understanding digital images and extracting data from the real world to produce numerical or symbolic information. In the context of crop farming, automation is primarily capable of increasing yields and improving the quality of the final product, by better controlling environmental conditions and timely detection of any abnormalities in the development and growth of plants and fruits, by increasing productivity, by replacing a variety of more accurate and responsive automated systems (e.g. irrigation or temperature control) with human involvement, and thereby simplifying the role of humans in cultivation, and by improving the quality of the final product. In the paper, the main objective of the designed information system is the recognition in a digital image of plant fruits with subsequent classification based on known colour ranges in advance. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks should be solved: minimisation of possible negative effects of distortions of the original image; analysing the image to look for tomato fruits on it.
Ustyurt medicinal plants and their active ingredients
Authors: Matjanova Kh.K. , Orel M.M. , Matjanov T.K.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a study of medicinal plants of Ustyurt. A brief description of the soil and climatic conditions and vegetation of the Ustyurt plateau is given. Salt marshes are characterized by a halophilic type of vegetation. Gypsum soils are inhabited by a hypsophilic type, the flora of Ustyurt in different years, under the influence of environmental and man-made factors, has undergone a change in the number of species growing on its territories. According to the latest data, 183 species have been identified. The extensive list of plants given in the article shows that the medicinal plants of Ustyurt contain chemical compounds that have various healing properties. The article provides a number of measures for the practical use of medicinal plants growing in Ustyurt.
Antifungal activity of prospective strains of endophytic bacteria
Authors: Norboyev Muhammad , Axanbayev Shahzod , Akramov Ixtiyor , Ismailov Zafar
Published: October 2024

In this study, a collection of promising endophytic bacterial strains F. solani, R. solani, Aspergilus isolated from some halophyte and xerophyte plants. sp., Alternaria sp. the results of research on determining antifungal activity in vitro against phytopathogenic fungi such as The obtained information can serve to increase the variety of tools used in the fight against fungal diseases of agricultural crops.
Determination of planting periods of early, middle and late varieties of melon
Authors: Nizomov Rustam , Kalantarov Sanat , Sadullayev Sanjarbek , Amanov Alisher , Rakhmonova Yulduz
Published: October 2024

This article meticulously explores the critical aspects of agricultural timing and plant development by examining the optimal sowing periods, germination rates, flowering phases, and the ripening process of various fruit cultivars. Focusing specifically on early-ripening varieties such as “Tarnak,” “Khandalak,” and “Gurvak,” alongside middle-ripening types like “Zargulobi,” “Ak Novvot,” and “Qariqiz,” and concluding with late-ripening varieties such as “Amudarya,” “Sakovat,” and “Gulobi Khorezmi,” the study investigates the distinct climatic and soil conditions of the Khorezm region. Through systematic experimentation and data analysis, the research identifies optimal sowing times that correspond to each variety’s growth cycle, thereby enhancing overall productivity. The findings indicate that the selected varieties demonstrate significant yield potential when aligned with the best agronomic practices. Ultimately, this study serves as a valuable resource for local farmers and agricultural experts, providing insights that can lead to informed decision-making and increased fruit production in the region. By emphasizing the importance of timing in cultivation, this research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable agriculture and food security.
Issues of agriculture according to the revision of K.K. Palen
Authors: Makhmudova Nigora
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the issues of the state of agriculture in the Turkestan General Government identified during the audit of the Turkestan General Government by Senator K.K. Palen in 1908-1909. Issues of cotton growing and land use are considered. The article examines the causes of the brewing agrarian conflict on ethnic grounds. The article also draws attention to such important problems for the development of agriculture in the region as the use of technical means and the organization of breeding work in the region. Key words: agriculture, rural management, farming, raw materials, cotton, irrigated lands, grain crops, forests, rainfed lands.
Green area extraction with using NDVI and ArcGIS pro for Nitra cadastral area
Authors: Akmalov Shamshod , Atakulov Dinislam , Abduraimova Dilbar , Ibragimova Zaytuna , Ruziyev Dilmurod , Tadjiboyev Sukhrob
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the influence of humanity on nature has been increasing, and the fact that it is especially negative worries scientists. During the life of plants, based on the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by humans and turns it into oxygen gas, which is important for breathing. This process is unique to plants and its alternatives have not been found, so it is important to maintain the balance of green plants and humans on the planet. It is necessary to control the exploitation of natural areas by people. In these studies, we determined the relationship between man and nature by compiling the NDVI index based on the images of the high-resolution satellite of remote sensing of the earth Sentinel-2 and analyzing it based on the GIS program. According to the results of the research, the current cadastral map of the Nitra cadastral area needs to be changed, as compared to the previous one, the area of green plants has expanded by 3.1% due to the reduction of the construction area. That is, it has expanded from 206.17 hectares to 235.59 hectares. The reason for this is the demolition of low-rise buildings and the construction of high- rise buildings for residents, as well as the relocation of residents to these buildings. Low-rise buildings are demolished and returned to nature. GIS did not take much time to load and analyze the data to study the results and draw conclusions. Therefore, GIS is not only resource-saving, but also an important tool for speedy data analysis and quick decision-making. The accuracy of the results was checked based on the previously created cadastral map.
Analyzing the influence of parameters on water quality using logistic regression
Authors: Evsyukov Dmitry , Glinscaya Anna , Kukartsev Anatoly , Volneikina Ekaterina , Kukartseva Svetlana
Published: October 2024

This article explores the application of machine learning techniques to analyze and evaluate water quality. In particular, the article focuses on the use of logistic regression to identify and analyze key parameters affecting the potability of water. The application of logistic regression in water quality analysis not only allows us to build models for prediction, but also to formulate recommendations for improving water treatment and monitoring processes. As a result, the resulting data and models can be used to develop strategies to provide safe drinking water, which is important for the health and well-being of the community. Thus, the article proposes a modern approach to analyzing water quality using logistic regression, which allows for a deeper understanding of the relationships between water parameters and its potability, as well as the development of effective methods for water quality management.
Multiyear dynamics of the Aral sea desiccation impact on the Southern Priaralie climate
Authors: Tleumuratova Bibigul , Urazimbetova Elzura , Statov Viktor
Published: October 2024

The impact of the Aral Sea desiccation on the climate of the Southern Priaralieis presented as a systemic impact of two processes: water area reduction and wind-driven salt removal from the dried seabed. For quantitative assessment of this impact, a system of numerical mathematical models has been developed, including a model of atmospheric salt transport, a model of the influence of sea area reduction on temperature and humidity fields, and models of the influence of salt aerosol on radiation regime and precipitation formation. The results of separate realisations of these models are presented to clarify the mechanism and degree of influence of water area reduction and salt removal on climatic characteristics. Multiyear spatial and temporal dynamics of the systemic influence of water area reduction and aerosol removal on annual precipitation, air temperature and humidity is presented for decades of the modelling period (1966-2015).
Algorithm of information stability in hydroacoustic control channel for aquaculture
Authors: Kartsan Igor , Tuzov Nikolai
Published: October 2024

Increasing attention is being paid to the mechanisms of data transfer between ocean research devices and data collection and analysis centers for the subsequent study and theorization of ocean evolution. All transmitted data are vulnerable to interception by unauthorized parties, so one of the main challenges is to protect the transmitted information. The proposed algorithm is based on steganographic method and solves the authentication problem by embedding additional data into the original signal in such a way that it is not empirically detectable. Among the first and best- known methods for hidden data embedding is a technique based on spread spectrum technology and its various adaptations, which incorporate additional parameters into the mathematical equation to improve the efficiency of the method. However, when auxiliary information is encoded into the original audio signal, these parameters affect both the covertness and robustness of the embedded data, potentially compromising the integrity of the steganographic system. Consequently, the development of steganographic techniques is aimed at simultaneously improving stealth and robustness.
Innovative technologies in waste management for improving urban environment comfort
Authors: Tuzhikov Artem
Published: October 2024

The article is aimed at introducing innovative technologies in the field of waste management, additional infrastructural development of the waste disposal and recycling network, increasing the interest of the population in improving the quality of life through direct participation in reducing the negative impact on the environment, increasing the comfort of the urban environment. Problems of solid waste management are at the epicenter of the state’s attention and are interdisciplinary in nature. However existing methods for solving them are not enough to maintain the comfort and safety of the urban environment. Combining the efforts and resources of society through crowdfunding platforms in the search for more effective and safe ways of waste disposal opens up new opportunities for increasing the economic efficiency of waste disposal, developing the environmental responsibility of the population, and strengthening the potential for the utilization of recycled waste.
Bottom sediments of the Shershnevskoye reservoir: Physicochemical characteristics and toxicity
Authors: Nokhrin Denis , Khodorovskaya Nadezhda , Kravtsova Anna , Korlyakov Konstantin , Bazhenov Sergey
Published: October 2024

The Shershnevskoye reservoir (ShR) is the main source of drinking water supply for the city of Chelyabinsk, which, since 2003, has been experiencing serious environmental problems caused by eutrophication processes. The purpose of this work was to study the bottom sediments (BS) of the ShR. BS were sampled in 4 locations of the ShR in the spring of 2024. We determined the 5 physicochemical parameters of the BS, the content of humic substances and gases (CO, CO2, CH4), 25 hydrochemical parameters and the toxicity of pore waters. It has been established that the bottom sediments of ShR are sandy silt, they have an average density of 1.008 g/cm3. In the longitudinal section of the reservoir, a trend towards an increase in the content of organic matter and methane in the BS from the upper reaches to the dam is observed. The pore waters belong mainly to the first (I) hydrochemical facies (Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl-–SO 2-) according to the Back (1961) classification. In the reservoir section, there is a clear trend of replacing bicarbonate ion with sulfate ion, and the concentration of chloride ion was minimal (from 0.1 to 1.1 mg/L). According to the results of biotesting using Scenedesmus quadricauda and Daphnia magna, all BS samples exhibit chronic toxicity, and two samples also exhibit acute toxicity, probably associated with the release of toxic products of organic matter mineralization.
Creation of an environmental complex for the finishing of water facilities in oil fields
Authors: Saveleva N.N. , Savelev Y.V.
Published: October 2024

The aim of our study is to find solutions for reducing anthropogenic stress from oil and petroleum products pollution in oil production areas. To this end, it is proposed to establish an environmental facility for the treatment of water bodies. The climatic conditions and experience of the application of purification complexes in the conditions of the Far North should be considered. Conduct an analysis of the quality of water bodies and existing pollution at present. Based on the analysis, design an environmental complex to clean water from oil and petroleum products. The Environmental Complex will implement a phased clean-up of water bodies. The technology is based on natural mechanisms of transformation of technogenic water bodies into a natural ecosystem to improve the efficiency of industrial effluent treatment. The ecosystem will consist of gabion structures, innovative phytopulvers for optimal conditions for plant growth and development. Phyto Modules have a simple design. The proposed technology will improve water pollution and improve the ecology of our region.
Qualitative composition and species diversity of Saikul Lake zooplankton
Authors: Turemuratova Gulistan , Nagmetov Khamid , Abdreymova Marufa
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of hydrobiological studies of zooplankton of Lake Saikul. The qualitative composition and species diversity of zooplankton were studied and the quantitative indicators of zooplankton of Lake Saikul were given. A total of 50 samples were collected and processed. A total of 39 taxa of aquatic animals were found in Saikul Lake, including 15 species of rotifers, 14 species of cladoceran and 10 species of paddle-legged crustaceans.
Optimization of hydrological calculations of surface and drainage water runoff treatment systems
Authors: Kantsiber Yu. A. , Ponomarev A. B. , Shtykov V. I.
Published: October 2024

Objective: to develop a method for determining the optimal hydrological characteristics of treatment systems for polluted surface and drainage water. Methods: Pollutant balance equation is applied. For comparison, the technique of the Vodgeo Research Institute was used. The costs of cleaning and environmental damage from pollution of watercourses under various options of water content of the year and parameters of treatment facilities were investigated. The types of pollutants (suspended materials and petroleum products) and the effluent separation factor in the separation chambers were selected as the main parameters. Results: the method of optimization calculations of hydrological characteristics of surface and drainage water treatment systems has been developed, considering the probability of runoff in high waters and floodwaters, costs of construction and operation of treatment facilities and damage from watercourse pollution. Optimization calculations of several options for treatment of melt, rain and drainage runoff are performed as an example. Practical significance: the method of optimization calculations of wastewater will allow more substantiated and more accurate determination of the required degree of wastewater treatment, productivity and parameters of treatment facilities, and in some cases to reduce the degree of pollution of watercourses.
Research on incentive and technological innovation models of biopharmaceutical companies
Authors: Kexin Wang
Published: October 2024

This article selects biopharmaceutical enterprises listed in high-tech industry as samples, using the Heckman selection model effectively avoid sample bias and according to linear analysis, this research tests the influence between senior management incentives and technological innovation based on the Chinese biopharmaceutical enterprises listed in high tech industry in a certain period. The empirical research results indicate that there is not a simple linear correlation between short-term salary incentives and technological innovation, and there is a curve relationship that first decreases and then increases among them; Long term equity incentives have a significant positive impact on technological innovation. This research aimed to find the maximum value of incentives, propose countermeasures and suggestions to avoid excessive salary incentives, appropriately improve the level of stock-based compensation, and establish a reasonable senior management incentive system for insight.