bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Conducting a Music Therapy Study With Hospice Patients with Dementia & Agitation
Authors: Reuer Barbara , Guy Julie , Sturley Ann , Soskins Matt , Lewis Charles R.
Published: November 2014

This study's purpose was to explore non-pharmacological means for decreasing agitation in hospice patients with late stage dementia administered by caregivers.  Subjects in the study were patients on service with San Diego Hospice and the Institute for Palliative Medicine, diagnosed with late stage dementia, as determined by a FAST (Functional Assessment Staging) score of 7, and who were known to become agitated while performing certain tasks (e.g., bathing or eating). A music therapist assessed the subjects using an adaptation of the Music Therapy Assessment (Krout, 2000). The Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) and Blessed Dementia Scale were administered pre- and post- intervention to assess cognitive functioning severity of dementia, respectively. Caregivers were trained to administer the Agitated Behavior Scale (ABS) after performing the stressful task without music (baseline). The music therapist created a CD for each subject based on the following: a) music background/preferences of subject (preferred styles of music, favorite selections or artists), obtained from family/caregiver, and b) subject responses observed during the assessment. Caregivers were instructed to complete the agitated task during the music intervention and immediately following the task completed an ABS evaluation. Out of the 51 patients referred for the study, 11 met inclusion criteria and were consented. Eight subjects completed the study. According to demographic information the majority of subjects were female, had previous music experience, and lived in a skilled nursing facility. The most frequent agitated task was bathing, which caused agitation in 75% of subjects. SPMSQ results indicated all patients had severe cognitive impairment and pre-/post-scores were the same. Pre-music intervention ABS scores were a mean of 23.46 (SD=5.8), and a mean of 20.69 (SD=7.1) for post-music intervention. This indicated that subjects became slightly less agitated overall though the effects were not statistically significant (t (7) = 1.41, p=0.2). Further analysis was unwarranted due to the lack of statistical significance and the small sample size. Two subjects demonstrated decreased agitation levels. Study limitations, implications for further research, and feasibility of research with late stage dementia patients receiving hospice care are discussed by the researchers.
Theoretical Considerations of Bio-guided Music Therapy
Authors: Miller Eric B
Published: November 2014

Abstract: Music therapists rarely have the opportunity to consider a new model of music therapy and need to review prior models and theoretical approaches to make an informed determination regarding Bio-guided Music Therapy.  While initially appearing to fall within the confines of Behavioral Music Therapy, technical advances in sound reproduction, physiological data acquisition methods, as well as innovative application techniques are argued to bring the bio-guided approach into the realm of in-the-moment improvisation. Bio-guided Music Therapy distinguishes itself from other music therapy models by virtue of the client’s physiological data being presented in real-time either musically or visually back to the client or the therapist during the therapy session. This real-time data may be presented in key, scale and tempo for flexibility in musical interaction with the music therapist or group.  General treatment areas include ADHD, Stress/anxiety, dementia, depression and addictions. The resulting charts and graphs document the impact of the music therapy session in the language of mainstream medicine, readily accessible to other medical professionals.
The Children’s Right to Music Project
Authors: Curtis Sandi , Vaillancourt Guylaine
Published: November 2014

Sponsored by the Canadian Heritage Human Rights Grants and Contributions Program, the Children's Right to Music Project is an innovative program which increases awareness of the rights of children with disabilities as outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children, in the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, and in the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities. Its focus on the rights of children to music represents a creative approach which moves beyond "mere accommodation" to genuine community engagement; it moves the focus from special education and social welfare to a focus on human rights; it increases an understanding  of the implication of these rights as they pertain to children with disabilities' rights to music, music making, and active participation in the community, within the full scope of its social and cultural life; and it increases understanding of, resources for, and skills in making music accessible to children with disabilities.
Converging Reflections on Music Therapy With Children and Adolescents: A Collaborative Seminar on Diverse Areas of Music Therapy Practice and Research
Authors: Mössler Karin Antonia , Gilbertson Simon , Krüger Viggo , Schmid Wolfgang
Published: November 2014

Four music therapists working at the Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre (GAMUT) in Bergen, Norway, collaborated in providing a seminar at a national conference called “Barn og deres andre” [Children and their others] in November 2012. The four therapists were educated in different music therapy training courses in four different countries, and have worked and carried out research in distinctly different areas of music therapy practice: pediatric traumatic brain injury, children with autism, and children and adolescents in child welfare. Significantly, their experience of creating a collaborative seminar led to an awareness of each other’s work and also a process of identifying shared perspectives about music therapy with children and adolescents. This report on the symposium presents the three seminar papers and documents the journey of a team-building process within the music therapy discipline.
Exploring the Musical Culture of an African American Child with Developmental Disabilities in Group Music Therapy
Authors: Cork Meghan
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of the musical culture of an African American child with developmental disabilities in group music therapy. Qualitative methods were employed in an early childhood education setting. First, interview questions were sent home to parents and guardians of participants regarding music in the home, and music examples were analyzed based on the genres reported in the interview answers. Then, one session of four male participants with developmental disabilities, ages 4-5, was conducted and analyzed. The participants were of African American, Hispanic, Pakistani, and Caucasian ethnicities. The researcher focused on the African American child, utilizing clinical data and an examination of the musical sources that represent the child’s musical culture in the home. The results indicated that the musical culture of the child played a significant role in the group music therapy process. The musical culture of the African American child in the study was found to be characterized by three main elements: emphasis on a strong rhythmic pulse, emphasis on movement, and singing or chanting as a means of expression. The child seemed to be less engaged when the music was syncopated, lacked a strong rhythmic pulse, was interspersed with verbal injections, or contained Spanish lyrics. Although some conclusions have been drawn to indicate the significance of musical culture in a group music therapy setting with children, there is a great need for further research in order to determine more precise ways in which musical culture influences the group music therapy process. Thus, this study serves as a catalyst for future music therapy research.
Music Therapy Advances in Neuro-disability - Innovations in Research and Practice: Summary Report and Reflections on a Two-Day International Conference
Authors: O'Kelly Julian Winn , Magee Wendy , Street Alex , Fachner Jörg , Drake Adèle Isabel , Cahen Joel , Särkämö Teppo , Ridder Hanne Mette , Jungblut Monika , Melhuish Ruth , Taylor Dale
Published: November 2014

This article provides a summary of the oral papers presented during a two day international conference, which took place on 7th & 8th June 2013, at the Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability (RHN) in London. The summary texts detail innovative research projects and clinical developments across music therapy, music neuroscience and music psychology addressing the needs of those with acquired and degenerative neurological conditions. The diverse and evolving work in this field is reflected in the topics covered, including disorders of consciousness, dementia, stroke, and the use of modern neuro-imaging methods to measure the effects of music therapy at a cortical level. A discussion of the implications of these converging foci highlights the benefits of the cross-disciplinary dialogue that characterised the conference.
International Index of Music Therapy Organisations (IIMTO): A free online resource
Authors: Tsiris Giorgos
Published: November 2014

The International Index of Music Therapy Organisations (IIMTO) was launched in March 2013 and its second edition became available in February 2014. IIMTO is an online directory of music therapy organisations around the world that it is freely available via Nordoff Robbins’ website (www.nordoff-robbins.org.uk, direct download link: www.nordoff-robbins.org.uk/IIMTO).In addition to providing background information about IIMTO, this report provides an overview of its contents and links to other existing indexes and directories. Also, information about how to use IIMTO and contribute to its development is provided.
Does Disability Studies have Anything to Say to Music Therapy? And Would Music Therapy Listen if it Did?
Authors: Cameron Colin Alasdair
Published: November 2014

In this article I enquire whether a worthwhile dialogue might be entered into between the disciplines of disability studies and music therapy. Considering disability studies alongside feminist theory, I ask whether insights from disability studies can be incorporated within music therapy education and practice. A comparative exploration of the roots and visions of both disciplines, along with a discussion of music therapy's struggle to establish an identity as a clinical profession, leads me to suggest that there are fundamental rifts which would make a constructive dialogue difficult. I draw on perspectives developed by disability studies theorists who have critiqued the development of disabling professions and discuss some examples of disability arts practice to highlight the philosophical differences dividing these two projects. I conclude by suggesting that music therapy realigns itself as a profession allied to the community rather than as a profession allied to medicine.
How to use your Voice - A brief guide to readers and future authors
Authors: Kenny Carolyn , Stige Brynjulf
Published: November 2014

Voices is an electronic journal. To an increasingly large degree scholars and students are using Internet to access information about their field. Although we are concerned about the lack of balance between countries and continents regarding economy and the availability of this new technology, we clearly have the impression that students and professors even in the most impoverished countries use this technology already. By choosing electronic publication worldwide, free access is established, and new formats and styles of publication can be explored.
Music Therapy in Israel
Authors: Amir Dorit
Published: November 2014

This article describes the main discourse that I believe goes on in music therapy in Europe and other countries around the world: professional issues (registration, standards and licensing) and the development of research and cultural issues in music therapy. For the inaugural issue, I will focus mainly on music therapy in Israel. In the following issues of the journal, the focus will be on other European countries.
Music Therapy in the United States
Authors: Forinash Michele
Published: November 2014

As I have just come on board as the editor for North America for this particular issue I will address music therapy in the US. Future issues of the journal will focus on music therapy in other parts of North America.
History and Heritage
Authors: Stige Brynjulf
Published: November 2014

We come to music therapy with musical expectations. Clients do. Therapists do. We come to music therapy with expectations colored by our personal history of music, which is - of course - embedded in culture. I came to music therapy more than 20 years ago with quite mixed expectations: preferring music with a rough edge, strong rhythms, and bold discords, but also longing for - though maybe not so consciously - the soft sound of romantic songs. The first sound of music therapy I ever heard was Paul Nordoff's improvisations. He died the year I "discovered" music therapy and I never heard his live playing, but recordings of the clinical work he did together with Clive Robbins were presented to me by the Norwegian pioneers of music therapy, and I was immediately fascinated by the rough and romantic sound of his music.
Times of the Tribes: Can we sing this song
Authors: Kenny Carolyn
Published: November 2014

How can we possibly approach the topic of the terrible disasters that occurred in the United States on September 11, 2001? The hijack bombings, the loss of lives, the possible consequences, all of the physical, psychological, emotional and spiritual wounds we came to inherit from these dreadful acts will haunt us for many years to come. Americans and citizens of many countries around the world are in a heightened state of alert. Many of us thought we were safe. Our sense of safety has been shaken.
Towards a Culturally Centered Music Therapy Practice
Authors: Brown Julie M.
Published: November 2014

At present very little information on the topic of multicultural music therapy practice has been published in the United States and Canada. This article reviews the music therapy and counselling literature to advocate the need for culturally centered music therapy practice. The paper examines the areas of ethical considerations, cultural empathy, the need for music therapists to understand and explore their own and their clients' world views, and the concept of music as a universal language. The article ends with some useful techniques for readers to apply to their practice.
Voices - The Gathering
Authors: Kenny Carolyn
Published: November 2014

Soon music therapists will be gathering again for another World Congress of Music Therapy, this time in Oxford, UK. Each time these gatherings become more and more exciting. It is good that the numbers of music therapists around the world keep increasing. But the exciting aspect of these International gatherings, for me, is the opportunity to experience the tremendous diversity, which is also growing each year. More and more countries are learning about music therapy and setting up training programs for music therapists. And the organizers of the Oxford conference are creating an event that is very respectful of this diversity and one that will provide many opportunities for cross-cultural exchanges.
Keeping the World in Balance - Music Therapy in a Ritual Context
Authors: Kenny Carolyn
Published: November 2014

I asked Walker why the Spirit Dances were held in the Winter. He told me that in the Winter the Earth's reserves are low, so the people must dance to create energy for the Earth during the Winter months. At the time I was a graduate student in anthropology at the University of British Columbia doing my field studies in the Salish Guardian Spirit Dance Ceremonials of the Pacific Northwest Coast (Kenny, 1982). Walker didn't seem to care as much about the academics as he cared about the fact that I was Native American myself. And he wanted to support my learning about healing and the arts. The Winter Dances, as the Salish people call them, are known for healing young adults in Pacific Northwest Coast Native societies who are not able to be cured by standard medical and psychological treatments (Kenny, 1982; Jilek, 1972).
Multicultural Encounters in Music Therapy - A Qualitative Research
Authors: Yehuda Nechama
Published: November 2014

I will first describe the source of the study, relate briefly to the literature, specify the research questions, methods and procedures, then I will offer partial results and discuss them in the context of the intersubjective theory (Ogden, 1994).
The Boy With the Glass Flute
Authors: Rickson Daphne
Published: November 2014

This study describes music therapy sessions over 21 months with a preadolescent boy who had several diagnoses including Atypical Asperger Syndrome, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Reading Disability, and "probable" Conduct Disorder (CD). He had also been physically abused. John's initial rejection of music led me, as clinician, to question the appropriateness of a music therapy programme for him, the philosophical underpinnings of the work, and my skills as a clinician. However, by maintaining the humanistic existential framework that was familiar to me, and employing aspects of Paraverbal therapy, I was able to develop a relationship of trust with John and to facilitate his involvement in creative activities. Following an extremely tentative beginning he was able to communicate his love and fascination for music by creating the fantasy of owning a "glass flute", a symbolic object of beauty that can be enjoyed, but which was delicate and fragile. As his self awareness and identity became more established the image of the glass flute was replaced by the reality of recorder playing and he developed a new confidence in the mastery of music which allowed him to successfully perform for his peers and the general public.
Psycho-social Aims of Music Therapy for Elderly Persons
Authors: Kitamoto Fukumi
Published: November 2014

In Japan, the population is rapidly aging. Given this situation, music therapy has proven to be a valuable new psycho-social approach. I have been introducing music therapy into my clinical work as a psychological treatment mediated by music. Here I will examine its meaning, sharing my communication experiences with various clients
Beyond This Point There Be Dragons: Developing General Theory in Music Therapy
Authors: Kenny Carolyn B.
Published: November 2014

This article attempts to address the topic of "general theory" in music therapy. If we look at the history of ideas which serve practice, we know that fields do not survive without substantive theories or maps, which represent unique features, characteristics, attributes of the specific practice. Creative ideas are born out of practice. And we come upon these creative ideas in the territory of discourse.
引きこもる青少年とうたことば
Authors: Watanabe Takeshi
Published: November 2014

本稿では、対人関係に疎通性を残しながらも、行き交う人々の流れを窓越しに見つめ、一人自室で画集をのぞき音楽に癒しを求めた青年と、「語る苦しさ」を味わいつつも「察する可能性」を模索し続けた記録から、「うたことばに見付けた、はなしことばへの出口」という視点から報告したい。
Music Therapy Canning and the Healing Rituals of Catholic Charismatics in Kenya
Authors: Kigunda Bernard M.
Published: November 2014

In Kenya we export a variety of agricultural products such as tea and coffee. However, at the same time, some other tea and coffee is imported to Kenya. The difference is that the imported tea is canned. It is presented with names such as 'instant' tea/coffee, and is (in this case) preferred even by Kenyans. Unfortunately, it is not to be afforded by a Kenyan of average income. In this essay I use canning to mean modified to acquire a new outlook, and in the case of tea and coffee, to also literally put into cans. Culture canning means social modification or change that causes suitability and/or acceptability of the modified/changed idea in a changed/changing environment. Canning thus implies reconstruction, reconstitution, reproduction and preservation with positive and negative readings.
One Size Fits All, or What is Music Therapy Theory For?
Authors: Rykov Mary
Published: November 2014

In this writing I explore theory in music therapy opinion, discourse, research and practice. To this end, I define theory and examine factors impinging on music therapy theory and the exchange of information within and beyond music therapy. I contend that we all have theories and that these ideologies-including beliefs, goals and ways of knowing music, music therapy and ourselves-must be shared. I question whether a grand, general theory for music therapy is possible. And I conclude that rather than striving for one grand theory of music therapy, music therapy theories must enable us to remain open to ambiguity and the multiplicity of meanings inherent in music and life.
Introduction
Authors: Ikuno Rika
Published: November 2014

On January 10th, 2005, The Asian Music Therapy Symposium was held in Senzoku Gakuen College of Music in Kawasaki, Japan, as the 80th anniversary of the school foundation. As a partial report on the symposium, I offer here an edited version of the paper I presented at the conference, a Fact Sheet on Music Therapy in Japan, and the discussion paper: "Things Asian Music Therapists should Learn" by Izumi Futamata (an experienced Japanese music therapist and a lecturer at Senzoku).
Development and Prospect of Music Therapy in Japan
Authors: Ikuno Rika
Published: November 2014

I have a strange sense that music therapy is something that never fits completely into an existing society, regardless of Western or Asian context. Just aiming at being accepted by society will only drive us to a dead end. Rather, music therapy could conceive the possibility of shaking (aspects of) an existing society and could suggest new (or deeper) values of music in relation to human-beings.
For this purpose, we need to cultivate our insights about the culture-specific elements and the universal elements in all areas of clinical, academic, and professional practice. By doing so, we can accomplish "independence" in a true sense, including economic independence some day.
The Influence of the Creative Class
Authors: Kenny Carolyn
Published: November 2014

Last week I heard an interview with the American playwright Edward Albee. His award-winning play, Who's Afraid of Virginia Wolfe, is enjoying a second time around on the New York stage. In the course of the interview, Albee made a comment that confirmed my own belief about the arts. He said: "To put us in greater contact with our possibilities. . . this is the function of art." This idea of "possibilities" has always shaped the core of my beliefs about the nature of Music Therapy. It's a recurring theme. And in the increasingly inhibited parameters of clinical notions, represented by the likes of evidence-based decision making under the influence of the Cochrane Collaboration, it's good to remember the art of our work.
Being Who You Aren't; Doing What You Can't: Community Music Therapy & the Paradoxes of Performance
Authors: Ansdell Gary
Published: November 2014

This article gives some introductory thoughts on the 'paradoxes of performance' in contemporary music therapy, through the perspective of the evolving practice and discourse of Community Music Therapy—where aspects of the practice, theory and ethics of performance in music therapy are currently being debated. The article looks at these aspects in two ways: firstly, through a case study of a Community Music Therapy project in East London which is being tracked as part of a larger research study; secondly, from various interdisciplinary theoretical perspectives on music, performance, and personal and social development. It suggests that the new discourse of Community Music Therapy is usefully opening up professional and theoretical discussion within music therapy to the potentials and problems of working with clients across the full continuum of private to public music therapy, and to the rich potentials of music as a performance art within reflexive practice.
Postmodernism and Music Therapy
Authors: Hernandez-Ruiz Eugenia
Published: November 2014

The present essay is a short and probably superficial analysis of music therapy and music therapy research. I have to say that by no means do I consider myself an expert or even experienced enough to provide "critiques" about any area of music therapy. This work is a revised version of a term paper presented at the University of Kansas in 2002, and is just the result of my interest in some recent trends of thoughts (e.g. social constructionism), and their impact, if any, on music therapy. I believe in dialogue as a means to forward knowledge, and so I dare to share this work with colleagues.
Music Therapy, War Trauma, and Peace: A Singaporean Perspective
Authors: Ng Wang Feng
Published: November 2014

Music therapists have traditionally worked with survivors of different types of trauma. But they are increasingly involved in providing services to war trauma survivors. In the post 9/11 world, many have been, and continue to be traumatized by war, acts of terrorism, and violence worldwide. Some music therapists have sought to respond actively to these events and the resulting trauma, by reaching out to trauma survivors. In addition, some are also involved in peace advocacy. From information obtained from interviews conducted with eight music therapists regarding the nature and outcomes of these therapeutic practices and their involvement in peace advocacy (as applicable), the relevance of this realm of work within the Singaporean context is explored.
African Music Creativity and Performance: The Science of the Sound
Authors: Nzewi Meki
Published: November 2014

What we believe we see or hear is often far from the truth of what we are seeing or hearing. What we know we feel is often merely a sign of what we do not know is happening to us. Without cognitive understanding, what we do with extant indigenous knowledge manifestations will be abstracted misrepresentations and misimpressions that problematize contemporary advancement and re-deployment in initiatives.
Tümata
Authors: Guvenc Rahmi Oruc
Published: November 2014

The Group for the Research and Promotion of Turkish Music was founded by Asst. Prof. Dr. Rahmi Oruc Guvenc in 1976, and research in theory and application is being carried out, exploring the subjects of Turkish music history, its instruments and their manufacturing techniques and specialties, repertory elements and execution methods within the scope of comparative music history and the Ethnomusicology tradition.
The musical healing and movement therapy tradition, which uses ethnomusical elements within the environment of modern medical science, has an important place in Turkish history and culture. TUMATA, has united the residue of knowledge in musical healing and movement therapy that has reached our time, with clinical and laboratory experiments.
Therapy as Empowerment: Clinical and Political Implications of Empowerment Philosophy in Mental Health Practises of Music Therapy
Authors: Rolvsjord Randi
Published: November 2014

In this article the clinical and political implications of empowerment philosophy are elaborated with music therapy practices in mental health services as the point of departure. The concept and the philosophy of empowerment are discussed through a review of literature from community psychology, sociology and feminist psychology. Empowerment is connected to a resource-oriented perspective on music therapy that implies a focus upon the client's strengths and potentials and emphasizes the importance of collaboration and equality in the relationship between therapist and client.
The Grieg Effect – On the Contextualized Effects of Music in Music Therapy
Authors: Stige Brynjulf
Published: November 2014

In this essay I examine the group Upbeat's encounter with Grieg and his music and this story is used as an exemplar to illuminate themes of broader relevance concerning the role of music in music therapy. The contextual perspective taken is situated in relation to Wittgenstein's (1953/1967) discussion of meaning as use, De Nora's (2000) discussion of how various music(s) may afford certain things through appropriation, and Stige's (2002) discussion of health musicing. After a critical excursion to the discourse on the Mozart Effect and a brief discussion of various assumptions on the role of music in music therapy, the centrepiece of the essay is developed as the story of Upbeat's encounter with Grieg. This story is interpreted in relation to the involved interplay of human protomusicality, personal and cultural history, and in the concluding section of the essay the contextual perspective taken is substantiated through a summarized description of the proposed Grieg Effect as well as through a clarification of the concept of context itself.
The Marriage of Music and Narrative: Explorations in Art, Therapy, and Research
Authors: Eyre Lillian
Published: November 2014

Music and narrative share similar goals – the expression of thoughts, feelings, emotions, and meanings. While narrative may be employed as an oral or literary form, as a research tool, or as a therapeutic technique, music, as an art form, is most often perceived as a performance art or compositional act. Elements of both music and narrative have common ontological roots in human communication and expression. Over the past 50 years, both music and narrative have gained stature as therapeutic practices. The first two parts of this paper will focus on how music may be used to narrate events and to express personal meaning in both art and therapy. The third part will reveal the results of a pilot research study that explored the relationship between verbal narrative and music improvisation in the creation of an autobiography. The subjects (4 music therapists) narrated their autobiography, then improvised on each period (Narrative Improvisation Method – NIM), or performed the tasks in reverse order (Improvisation Narrative Method – INM). Musical and verbal data were analyzed to compare what was evoked in the music and in the narrative. Subjects were interviewed about their experiences in both methods and the interview data were analyzed to gain a deeper understanding of the process. Implications for the development of clinical and research techniques that integrate both verbal and music narration are discussed.
Music and Dance Therapy in Nigeria: The Task before the Potential Nigerian Music Therapists in the Twenty First Century
Authors: Aluede Charles O. , Iyeh M. A.
Published: November 2014

The use of music and dance as a palliative measure, diversionary means, audio-analgesic and to control pain, is found in the musical practices of Nigerians. These different categories of the use of music can be put into two classifications: the use of music as medicine and the use of music as accompaniment to other healing rites. This paper examines: definitions of music therapy, the concept of illness in the contemporary Nigerian society, and music therapy and its social relevance. While highlighting the emerging issues before the Nigerian music/dance therapists, this paper ends by making some suggestions aimed at enhancing the present level of practice in Nigeria.
Aesthetic Experience and Transformation in Music Therapy: A Critical Essay
Authors: Tsiris Giorgos
Published: November 2014

The present paper is a critical essay which is based on Aigen’s (2007, p. 127) premise that "aesthetic experience involves and models processes of transformation that are necessary parts of successful music therapy." From his premise, three basic points emerge: aesthetic experience, transformation and successful music therapy. Based on these points I structure my essay in four parts. In the first part I do a brief retrospective review of the philosophical discourse of aesthetics, as this emerged in ancient Greece and later on in the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Western Europe. The second part concerns the nature of aesthetic experience and its relevance to music therapy where my focus is mainly concentrated on Aigen’s concept of music as a medium and its fundamental relation to Dewey’s ideas. The third part of the essay concerns transformation, its meaning and its role in therapy. I explore the concept of transformation as an intermediate stage between "death" and "rebirth" by drawing mainly from humanistic approaches and Rogers’ notion of "becoming a person." The connection of aesthetic experience with processes of transformation is revealed through their common inherent characteristics of change, growth, and tension. In the last part, I define what "successful" music therapy means by identifying its clinical aims. I also develop the importance of aesthetic experience and transformation in the framework of music-centered music therapy, while I conclude by suggesting its significance to the broader field of music therapy.
A Collaboration Between Music Therapy and Speech Pathology in a Paediatric Rehabilitation Setting
Authors: Leung Maggie
Published: November 2014

This article describes the importance of flexible music therapy practice when focusing on communication skills with a speech pathologist within a paediatric rehabilitation setting. A brief literature review on the combined use of music therapy and speech pathology in rehabilitation is provided. A case vignette is then used to illustrate the unique role of music therapy and the importance of changing the goals of music therapy in order to meet the patient’s needs.
Music Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Hazard Sergio
Published: November 2014

This paper presents the results of music therapy interventions with Parkinson’s patients at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service of the National Institute of Geriatrics in Santiago of Chile.
Developing a Music Therapy Programme within a Person Centred Planning Framework
Authors: Noone Jason
Published: November 2014

This report describes the development of a music therapy programme for people with developmental disabilities in a day facility in Ireland. The facility is run by Enable Ireland, a national voluntary organisation, and provides therapies, supports and training for service users. Service provision is organised according to the principles of person centred planning (PCP), a model which places the desires, interests and capacities of each service user at the centre of the decision-making process. As the music therapy programme has developed, the parallels between the music therapy concepts which informed it and the PCP model have became more apparent. The main purpose of this report is to detail the core features and aimed-for outcomes of the person-centred planning process and highlight corresponding concepts from humanistic music therapy, community music therapy and music therapy for empowerment. Implications of coordinating the music therapy programme with the PCP process as implemented at Enable Ireland are also suggested. The core features of PCP are considered highly useful in conceptualising a resource-based, humanistic music therapy programme for people with disabilities. In addition, music-making in its various forms is considered a valuable activity which has the potential to satisfy the outcomes of the PCP model.
Two years of “Uta-no-Sumu-Ie” project
Authors: Akahane Miki
Published: November 2014

A report from the   “Uta-no-Sumu-Ie” project, a project that aims to create songs with various people, while searching for the form of new “songs (music)” through making songs repeatedly. Participants: This project is intended for whomever is interested in “Uta-no-Sumu-Ie”. Method: Renting a private house for the creation of songs.The workshop is held 1~3 times a month.（Songs created will subsequently be featured in concert. Various artists will be enlisted to facilitate the workshops. e.g. voice performers, composers, dancers and stage directors
Music Therapy in Canada: An Interview with Susan Munro-Porchet
Authors: Shugar Bill
Published: November 2014

Music has the potential and power to reach, move, disturb, comfort or relax persons beyond their cognitive control and to reach innermost depth. A music therapist therefore needs to tread mindfully, with much respect and an astute awareness of boundaries.
Building the first music therapy programme… - a reflection on new music therapy in new place
Authors: Konieczna Ludwika
Published: November 2014

This story presents the reflections on building a music therapy programme in a new place. The description of the experiences of a young clinician who started music therapy programme in a facility for abused and neglected children in Poland is given. Both professional and personal challenges that were faced by the music therapist are discussed. The story of the author might not be different from those that happen to music therapists in similar situations all over the world. Therefore, the author discusses the advantages and disadvantages of being the one who builds a music therapy program as the first practitioner, and builds awareness of Music Therapy as a profession in a new place. The more general reflections on being in this situation follow. Dangers and benefits resulting from freedom as well as the importance of responsibility are also presented. The conclusion is that establishing social trust for MT as a profession and promoting this kind of therapy with success from the very beginning is an extremely rewarding work.
Photosynthetic metabolism and quality of Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. seedlings on substrate function and water levels
Authors: SCALON SILVANA P.Q. , JEROMINI TATIANE S. , MUSSURY ROSILDA M. , DRESCH DAIANE M.
Published: November 2014

The aim of this research was to evaluate the quality and photosynthetic metabolism of “uvaia” seedlings (Eugenia pyriformis Cambess.) on different substrates and water regimes. The seeds were sown in tubes of 50 x 190 mm in the following substrates: Sand (S), Latosol + Sand (L + S) (1:1), Latosol + Sand + Semi Decomposed Poultry Litter (L + S1 + PL) ( 1:1:0.5), Latosol + Sand + Semi Decomposed Poultry Litter (L + S2 + PL) (1:2:0.5), Latosol + Bioplant® (L + B) (1:1), and the water levels assessed were 50, 75 and 100% of water retention capacity. At 60, 90, 120 and 150 days the seedlings were evaluated according to their chlorophyll index, leaf area (cm2) and Dickson Quality Index (DQI) and at 150 days their internal concentration of carbon (mol m–2 s–1), stomatal conductance (mol m–2 s–1), transpiration rate (mmol m–2 s–1), photosynthesis (µmol m–2 s–1) and efficiency of water use (µmol de CO2 / mmol de H2O). Until their 150th days, the seedlings had higher quality and photosynthetic metabolism when cultured with substrates containing latosol + sand + poultry litter on the two variations assessed and water retention capacity of 50%.
Impact of the Social Agendas - Agenda 21 and Healthy Cities - upon Social Determinants of Health in Brazilian municipalities: measuring the effects of diffuse social policies through the dimensions of the Millennium Development Goals
Authors: Nascimento Paulo Roberto do , Westphal Marcia Faria , Moreira Rafael da Silveira , Baltar Valéria Troncoso , Moysés Simone Tetu , Zioni Fabiola , Minowa Evelin
Published: November 2014

INTRODUCTION: In order to improve the quality of life and health of the population in recent years there have been several local social agendas, like Agenda 21 and Healthy Cities. OBJECTIVES: To identify how social agendas are impacting on the living conditions and health in municipalities of the five regions of Brazil. METHODS: Through an ecological longitudinal study, the social agendas' effects on the Social Determinants of Health were measured in 105 municipalities, using indicators related to the eight dimensions of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Indicators were also calculated for other 175 non-exposed municipalities. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each group of municipalities at three different moments: in the year of the agenda implementation, then 3 and 6 years later. The models were adjusted by the method of GEE to assess the effects of the agendas, time and their interaction. Nonparametric analysis of variance was used for the ordinal data with repeated measures. RESULTS: Impacts of the agendas were detected for reduction of hunger and increase of universal access to education: 'percentage of children under one year with protein/caloric undernourishment' (interaction effect: p = 0.02) and 'Age-grade distortion in the 8th grade of fundamental education' (interaction effect: p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The comparative discussion between model results and descriptive statistics recommends, at further research, extending the period of investigation, using compound indexes, improving the methodology for the apprehension of the impacts of the diffuse social policies for development, as well as using 'mixed methodologies', integrating quantitative and qualitative tools.
Social determinants of death among the elderly: a systematic literature review
Authors: Silva Vanessa de Lima , Cesse Eduarda Ângela Pessoa , Albuquerque Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: This study aims at working on a systematic review of articles published on social determinants associated with the elderly mortality. METHODS: We searched articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish language periodicals from January 1st 2007 to December 31st 2009, by means of Lilacs and Pubmed databases. Twenty cohort studies were identified, having most of them been developed in European, North-American and Asian countries. RESULTS: The articles analysed provided determinant social factors significantly associated with the elderly mortality: urban/rural and intercontinental variation, be part of ethnic minorities, financial stress, living conditions, schooling, social participation, gender and race discrimination, smoking, alcoholism, physical activities, instrumental activities of daily living, leisure, marital status, equality and healthy lifestyle. CONCLUSION: Mortality amongst the elderly is influenced by social determinants in many levels of reach, from determinants linked to lifestyle to socioeconomic macro-determinants. The actions on these determinants must be guided by the intersectorial perspective and regarded as a priority in the health sector, seeking to provide extended longevity with good quality of life for the population.
Parasitism of a new apiocrinitid crinoid species from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of southern Israel
Authors: Wilson Mark A. , Reinthal Elizabeth A. , Ausich William I.
Published: November 2014

A new species of Apiocrinites is described from the Matmor Formation (Middle Jurassic, upper Callovian) of Hamakhtesh Hagadol, southern Israel. Apiocrinites feldmani n. sp. is a small species associated with the larger A. negevensis in a calcareous sponge and coral patch reef community. During life the columns of A. feldmani were commonly and preferentially infested with a soft-bodied parasite that grew with the crinoid and became embedded in its skeleton. These parasites embedded at the articulation between columnals, forcing the columnals to grow around them and producing with time a conical pit surrounded by swollen stereom. If the parasite died while the crinoid was still growing, the conical pit was roofed over by continued growth of columnals, resulting in a swelling with no external opening. Because the crinoids invested energy in forming extra skeleton around these parasites and because the crinoid stems were consequently deformed and likely lost flexibility, we consider these parasites to have caused significant harm. Curiously, these parasites apparently did not infect the larger and more common contemporaneous A. negevensis that lived in the same community.
Experimental evidence for strong stabilizing forces at high functional diversity of aquatic microbial communities
Authors: Carrara Francesco , Giometto Andrea , Seymour Mathew , Rinaldo Andrea , Altermatt Florian
Published: November 2014

Unveiling the mechanisms that promote coexistence in biological communities is a fundamental problem in ecology. Stable coexistence of many species is commonly observed in natural communities. Most of these natural communities, however, are composed of species from multiple trophic and functional groups, while theory and experiments on coexistence have been focusing on functionally similar species. Here, we investigated how functional diversity affects the stability of species coexistence and productivity in multispecies communities by characterizing experimentally all pairwise species interactions in a pool of 11 species of eukaryotes (10 protists and one rotifer) belonging to three different functional groups. Species within the same functional group showed stronger competitive interactions compared to among‐functional group interactions. This often led to competitive exclusion between species that had higher functional relatedness, but only at low levels of species richness. Communities with higher functional diversity resulted in increased species coexistence and community biomass production. Our experimental findings and the results of a stochastic model tailored to the experimental interaction matrix suggest the emergence of strong stabilizing forces when species from different functional groups interact in a homogeneous environment. By combining theoretical analysis with experiments we could also disentangle the relationship between species richness and functional diversity, showing that functional diversity per se is a crucial driver of productivity and stability in multispecies community.
Validity and Reliability of Breastfeeding Advice and Coping with Breastfeeding Instruments
Authors: Ikonen Riikka , Aho Anna Liisa , Kaunonen Marja
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To pilot two instruments: Breastfeeding Advice and Coping with Breastfeeding in NICU settings.

Design: Psychometric testing of the Breastfeeding Advice and Coping with Breastfeeding instruments.

Sample: Mothers (N = 47) with singleton or twin preterm (≤36 + 6 gestation weeks) infant(s) (N = 55) at discharge collected from seven NICUs in Finland.

Main outcome variables: The validity and reliability of two instruments: Breastfeeding Advice measuring the quality of breastfeeding counseling and Coping with Breastfeeding measuring the mothers’ experienced ability to cope with breastfeeding issues.

Results: Infants’ mean gestation age was 32.5 weeks at birth. The items of the instruments were supported by previous studies, demonstrating content validity. There was a significant correlation (r = .72, p < .001) between Breastfeeding Advice and Coping with Breastfeeding, indicating constructor validity. Evidence for predictive validity was not found. Good reliability for internal consistency of the Breastfeeding Advice (Cronbach’s α = .86) and Coping with Breastfeeding (Cronbach’s α = .85) was found.
The Qur’an and Identity in Contemporary Chinese Fiction
Authors: Ouyang Wen-chin
Published: November 2014

How is it possible to comprehend and assess the impact of the Qur’an on the literary expressions of the Hui Chinese Muslims, who have been integrated into Sinophone and China’s multicultural community since the third/ninth century, when the first ‘translations’ of the Qur’an in Chinese made by non-Muslims from Japanese and English appeared only in 1927 and 1931, and that by a Muslim from Arabic in 1932? This paper looks at the ways in which the Qur’an is imagined, then embodied, in literary texts authored by two prizewinning Chinese Muslim authors. Huo Da (b. 1945) alludes to the Qur’an in her novel The Muslim’s Funeral (1982), and transforms its teachings into ritual performances of alterity in her saga of a Muslim family at the turn of the twentieth century. Zhang Chengzhi (b. 1948) involves himself in reconstructing the history of the Jahriyya Ṣūfī sect in China between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries in his only historical novel, A History of the Soul (1991), and invents an identity for Chinese Muslims based on direct knowledge of the sacred text and tradition.