bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT: TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE AND SOCIAL CONFLICTS OF FISHERMEN DUE TO THE USE OF TRAWLING
Authors: Matriadi Faisal , Marbawi Marbawi , Chalirafi Chalirafi , Mariyudi Mariyudi
Published: December 2021

The use of trawling as a fishing tool has long been known to have a very bad impact on the environment and creates social conflict in fishing communities. Likewise, on the North-East coast of Aceh there are still fishermen who use trawlers as fishing gear. On the other hand, the use of trawling is very damaging to the environment and causes social conflicts for fishermen. The cessation of trawling operations also has an economic and social impact on fishermen who have been using trawling for their livelihood. This study tries to explore how the impact of environmental damage and social impacts or fishing conflicts that occur due to the use of trawling and how the social and economic impacts if trawling operations are stopped on the North-East coast of Aceh. The research method was carried out with an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach. The results showed that there was significant environmental damage in the research area, namely in the waters of Lhokseumawe, North Aceh, East Aceh and Langsa. This is marked by the destruction of coral reefs and the reduced population of various types of fish, some of which are even very rare. The use of trawling also has an impact on social conflicts among fishermen which often occur. Meanwhile, the prohibition of trawling also has an impact on the loss of income for trawler fishermen and those who depend on trawling operations for their livelihoods. This study recommends stopping trawling permanently to preserve the aquatic environment and avoid social conflicts with fishing communities. Furthermore, to save trawler fishermen, the government must try to convert trawler fishing gear to fishing gear that is more economical and environmentally friendly.
RISK PERCEPTION AND INTENTION OF TOURING TO THE CITY OF SABANG IN THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Munandar Munandar , Chalirafi Chalirafi , Bachri Naufal , Fuadi Fuadi , Syauki Moh.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the risk perception of tourists on the intention to travel to Sabang City in the midst of the Covid 19 pandemic. This research is based on the theoretical framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Sample approach using Non-Probabilityaccidental sampling.The sample amounted to 200 respondents who came from within and outside the province of Aceh. The results of this study indicate that the perception of risk has a negative and significant effect on the antecedents of Intention, namely Attitude, Behavioral Control, and Subjective Norms. Attitudes and Behavioral Control each have a positive and significant effect on the intention of tourists visiting Sabang City during the covid 19 pandemic. Meanwhile, Subjective Norms have no significant effect.
ANALYSIS OF DETERMINATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION ACCRUAL-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS IN LHOKSEUMAWE REGENCY
Authors: Yusra Muhammad , Afni Yunita Nur
Published: December 2021

Implementation of Government Regulation Number 71 of 2010 concerning Government Accounting Standards brought changes in the presentation of government financial statements, which previously used cash-based accounting standards, to accrual-based accounting standards. Cash-based recognizes the recording of transactions and recognition occurs only when cash is out and cash in and does not record liabilities and assets at all. Accrual-based recording is believed to be able to produce financial reports that are more accurate and more reliable, comprehensive and relevant for decision making. In order to support the implementation of a good and competent accrual basis, supporting factors are needed such as human resources, organizational commitment, utilization of information and communication technology. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of human resources, organizational commitment, information and communication technology on the application of accrual-based accounting standards in the Lhokseumawe regency. The number of respondents in this study were 68 employees from the SKPK in Lhokseumawe regency, the research data was in the form of primary data with data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results showed that human resources, government commitment, information technology, and communication had an effect on the application of accrual-based accounting standards in Lhokseumawe regency. The number of respondents in this study were 68 employees from the SKPK in Lhokseumawe regency, the research data was in the form of primary data with data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results showed that human resources, government commitment, information technology, and communication had an effect on the application of accrual-based accounting standards in Lhokseumawe regency. The number of respondents in this study were 68 employees from the SKPK in Lhokseumawe regency, the research data was in the form of primary data with data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results showed that human resources, government commitment, information technology, and communication had an effect on the application of accrual-based accounting standards in the Lhokseumawe regency.
DETERMINATION OF DIVIDEND POLICY OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Husaini Husaini , Marzuki Marzuki , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Published: December 2021

This study examines the factors that determine (determination) dividend policy in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. In general, economic conditions in Indonesia are still in the emerging market category. As a developing country, Indonesia's capital market is relatively large and has its own characteristics which are reflected in investor behavior and government regulations in the capital market. Indonesia, in its behavior in the capital market adheres to a civil law system, meaning that investors are given the widest freedom to conduct transactions in the capital market, especially in the wrong amount owned by investors. The variables used to analyze dividend policy are profitability, free cash flows, firm size and leverage. This study only focuses on manufacturing companies that distribute dividends with an observation period from 2015-2019. The sampling method used purposive sampling and obtained 145 companies that distribute dividends. The data was processed using panel data regression analysis with analysis tools using E-Views software. From the research, it is found that the ROA and F_SIZE variables have a positive and significant effect on the DPR. FCF and Leverage variables measured by (TDTE) have a negative and significant effect on dividend policy as measured by the DPR in manufacturing companies in Indonesia.
The Place and Importance of the Maarif Colleges in Turkish Education System
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Mehmet , ERDEMİR Aynur
Published: December 2021

In addition to the socio-economic change and industrialization experienced in Turkey in the 1950’s, the course of the country’s international relations increased the need for foreign language-speaking personnel. Some of the decisive reasons for the Ministry of National Education for opening the Maarif Colleges include the fact that foreign language education in secondary education institutions was not adequately efficient and the schools that teach foreign languages were inadequate in number and were located in certain centers. The Maarif Colleges, established in 1955, were public schools with paid boarding facilities that provided education in Turkish and English languages. In the first stage, the Maarif Colleges were opened in Istanbul, Izmir, Samsun, Konya, Eskişehir and Diyarbakır. Turkey’s membership in NATO and its close ties with the United States after the Second World War also played an important role in the establishment and operation of the colleges. The Maarif Colleges became attractive educational institutions in a short period since they provided education in foreign language and generally high-quality education in other fields. The number of Anatolian High school built on the Maarif College experience has gradually increased over time and these schools have become the most common type of school in secondary education.
Validity and Reliability Study of a Turkish Form of the Machine Learning Attitude Scale
Authors: HOPCAN Sinan , POLAT Elif , TÜRKMEN Gamze
Published: December 2021

This study aims to adapt the learners’ machine learning technologies attitude scale to Turkish. Participants of the study are 309 university students. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used on data obtained from Turkish students for construct validity of the scale. Following this, 23 items were excluded. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed again, completing adaptation of the scale to Turkish. Three reasons for excluding the items and factor following the confirmatory factor analysis emerged: item structure, domain self-efficacy, and the cultural adaptation process. This study has enabled the scale of attitudes toward artificial intelligence to be adapted to Turkish specifically for machine learning techniques and technologies. The scale can be used as a resource for further studies.
Sen Anlat Karadeniz Dizisinin Kadın İzleyiciler Tarafından Alımlanması
Authors: SÖZKESEN Muhammet
Published: December 2021

Televizyon, teknolojideki tüm gelişmelere rağmen insanların yaşamlarının vazgeçilmez bir parçası olmaya devam etmektedir. Bireylerin yaşamlarına girdiğinden bu yana, onların ilgisini sürekli olarak büyüleyici kutusunun etrafında odaklamayı başarmıştır. İcat edildiğinden bu zamana birçok farklı program formatı ile izleyicisinin karşına çıkan televizyon, özellikle geniş kitlelere hitap eden dizilere ayrı bir önem vermiştir. Televizyonun seyircilerine açtığı sanal gerçeklik penceresinden izleyiciler, dizilerini izlemekte, hoşça vakit geçirmekte ve kendi yaşamından kesitler bulabilmekte, dizinin karakterleri ile kendilerini özdeşleştirebilmektedirler. Bu çalışmada; Ocak 2018 de Atv de yayın hayatına başlayan, Kasım 2019 da yayın hayatını bitiren, kurgusunu bir kadının gördüğü şiddet üzerine temellendiren Sen Anlat Karadeniz dizisinin, kadın izleyiciler tarafından nasıl alımlandığının açığa çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden derinlemesine görüşme yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada Ordu’da ikamet eden, farklı sosyo-demografik özelliklere sahip 9 ev hanıma kartopu örneklem yöntemi ile ulaşılmış, derinlemesine görüşme yapılmıştır. Önceden hazırlanmış olan soru formu aracılığıyla, katılımcıların diziye ilişkin değerlendirmeleri, Stuart Hall’un kod açımlama stratejilerine göre analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, dizide yer alan metinlerin katılımcılar tarafından farklı okumalara tabi tutulduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcılar, çoğunlukla dizi metinleri karşısında egemen okumalar gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Araştırmada elde edilen önemli bir bulgu; katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu, dizide açıkça gösterilen kadına şiddet sahnelerinden büyük bir rahatsızlık duyduklarını dile getirmişler ve bu sahnelerin kadına karşı şiddeti meşrulaştıracağı yönünde değerlendirmelerde bulunmuşlar, ilgili metinler karşısında muhalif okumalar gerçekleştirmişlerdir.
PENGELOLAAN GIZI BENCANA PADA IBU HAMIL DAN IBU MENYUSUI
Authors: Rachman Nita Nurul , Diyah Eka Andayani
Published: December 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang luas dan mempunyai potensi kejadian bencana yang tinggi. Masalah kesehatan yaitu malnutrisi merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam kondisi bencana .Rusaknya berbagai sarana dan prasarana pelayanan umum dan kesehatan, terputusnya jalur distribusi pangan dan ketersediaan  pangan yang terbatas, sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk dan rusaknya sarana air bersih menjadi dasar terjadinya kekurangan asupan nutrisi pada korban terdampak bencana. Pandemik COVID-19 yang saat ini terjadi tentunya menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi dunia kesehatan.  Diperlukan perhatian khusus untuk pengelolaan gizi pada saat bencana, terutama pada ibu hamil dan ibu menyusui sebagai populasi rentan. Pengelolaan gizi tidak hanya berkaitan dengan permasalahan kesehatan pada ibu hamil dan ibu menyusui saja, tetapi menjadi kesatuan dengan dampak kesehatan yang akan terjadi pada masa depan kesehatan bayi yang akan dilahirkan. Pengetahuan akan pengelolaan gizi yang baik diharapkan dapat menurunkan angka kejadian masalah kesehatan yang terjadi pada saat bencana
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ANGKA KECUKUPAN ENERGI DAN PROTEIN DENGAN KESEMBUHAN LUKA PADA PASIEN ULKUS DEKUBITUS
Authors: Safitri Nathalia , Hertanto Wahyu Subagio  , Etisa Adi Murbawani  , Niken Puruhita  , Amalia Sukmadianti
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAK

 Latar belakang : Ulkus dekubitus merupakan masalah kesehatan di banyak negara dan malnutrisi merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh dalam perkembangan ulkus dekubitus, namun investigasi klinis masih jarang dilakukan untuk mengamati kebutuhan jumlah energi dan protein pada kesembuhan luka.

Tujuan penelitian : Menganalisis hubungan antara angka kecukupan energi dan protein dengan kesembuhan luka pada pasien ulkus dekubitus. Menganalisis hubungan antara angka kecukupan energi dan protein dengan kesembuhan luka pada pasien ulkus dekubitus dikontrol dengan faktor usia, indeks massa tubuh, dan adanya infeksi.

Metode penelitian : Studi observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional melibatkan 40 subjek sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kesembuhan luka dinilai menggunakan PUSH score tools 3.0, angka kecukupan energi dan angka kecukupan protein dinilai berdasarkan rata-rata asupan total masing-masing yang diberikan dalam seminggu.

Hasil : Terdapat hubungan lemah antara angka kecukupan energi dengan kesembuhan luka (r= 0,37 dan p= 0,02). Adanya hubungan sedang antara angka kecukupan protein dengan kesembuhan luka (r= 0,42 dan p= 0,01).

Simpulan :

Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara angka kecukupan energi dan protein dengan kesembuhan luka pada pasien ulkus dekubitus. Faktor usia, indeks massa tubuh, dan infeksi pada ulkus dekubitus bukan merupakan variabel perancu dalam penelitian ini.

Kata kunci : Angka kecukupan energi, angka kecukupan protein, kesembuhan luka, ulkus dekubitus.
EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS ON LIPID PROFILES IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA ADULT PATIENTS: AN EVIDENCE-BASED CASE REPORT
Authors: Elisa  , Lestari Wiji
Published: December 2021

Background: Hypercholesterolemia prevalence was 39% in adults and a risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, atherosclerotic disease, leading to vertigo. Diet and specific food potentiate in dyslipidemia risk reduction. Several studies have been proposed that probiotics have a hypocholesterolemic effect.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of probiotics on lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemia adult patients.

Methods: Electronic literature searching was conducted from Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. MeSH Terms combined with Title/Abstract are used in advanced search based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: Critical appraisal was conducted for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Probiotic supplementation significantly decreases total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels but not statistically significant in high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides levels.

Conclusion: Single strain Lactobacillus plantarum probiotics for at least six weeks can improve total cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemia adult patients.
The Influence of Single-Clause Sentences on IELTS Writing Task 2 Band Score
Authors: Tran Thanh Tan , Truong Dinh Minh Dang
Published: December 2021

This research aims to investigate the frequencies of single-clause sentences (SS) and multi-clause sentences (MS) used by IELTS test-takers in writing task 2 and the relationship between their use of single-clause sentences and band score in this section. The researcher used the descriptive comparative research design and the quantitative method design with convenient sampling with fifty (50) sample essays mainly sourced from the set of Cambridge English IELTS Academic books. After collecting the data, the researchers analyzed the data using statistical and descriptive analysis. The result shows that the percentages of single-clause and multi-clause sentences in the range between 0 and 6.0 bands are relatively equal. On the other hand, these percentages in the range of 6.5-9.0 have a significant difference. Additionally, the results of Pearson Correlation Analysis show that the frequency of single-clause sentences has an insignificant negative relationship with the IELTS writing task 2 band score. Therefore, IELTS writing task 2 compositions with more single-clause sentences are potentially graded with a lower band score.
Implications of the Digital Economy on Merger Control in Pakistan and China: Policy Implications for Pakistan
Authors: Wang Yuhui , Mushtaq Shahzada Aamir
Published: December 2021

The rise of the digital economy has challenged the foundation of competition law frameworks the world over. Today, the antitrust doctrine finds itself confronting a new economy; an econo-my wherein data acts as a currency, markets are without prices, market collisions are based on algorithms, and the market is ‘infinite’. Several jurisdictions such as Germany, Austria, and China have developed new regulations or amended existing legislations to confront the chal-lenges presented by the digital economy. A dearth of theoretical and empirical literature has evaluated whether digital markets are so fundamentally different as to require a different set of rules. Of specific interest to this paper is whether current competition rules are sufficient to deal with mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in digital markets. This paper assesses M&A regulations in China and Pakistan in light of the new digital economy. Expert interviews were conducted using semi-structured interviews to investigate the comparisons between Pakistan’s and China’s merger control regimes. The findings indicate that China’s merger control regulations are better adopted for the digital economy than Pakistani’s. It also sets out the policy implications for competition policy makers in Pakistan.
Effect of Different Mulching Materials on the Growth and Yield of Green Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Nfonta the Western Highlands of Cameroon
Authors: Tamu Chi Christopher , Lendzemo Tatah Eugene , Vugheh Ferdinard
Published: December 2021

Mulching is a common technique used across the world by farmers to especially conserve soil moisture in vegetable production but farmers in Nfonta and the entire western highlands of Cameroon have not practiced the uses of mulching. In this experiment, a randomized complete block designe with 5 treatments and 3 replications was set up to study the effect of elephant grass, saw dust and white plastic as mulching materials on the growth and yield of green bean (Phaseolusvulgaris L.) in Nfonta. Data was collected on plant height; number of leaves per plants, leaf area index and yield of mature pods per plant. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA from stat graphics centurion xv and means were separation using the Fischer least significant difference (LSD) test at 95% confidence interval. Results showed white plastic, and elephant grass mulches to have significantly (P<0.05) affected the growth and yield of green bean. White plastic mulched plants exhibited the highest growth parameters and subsequently produced the highest yield of 12.00 mature pods per plant with average pod length of 11.97cm and average mature pod weight of 4.22g compared to the other mulch treatments. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in yield of green bean grown with no mulch (control), saw dust mulch and corn stalk mulch. Corn stalk mulched bean plants produced the lowest yield of 7.83 mature pods per plant with average pod length of 9.17cm and an average mature pod weight of 2.83 which was not much different from that produced by the control. These results call for more investigations to the potentials of white plastic as best mulch material for achieving optimum green beans yield in Nfonta and the entire western highlands of Cameroon.
Relationship between religiousness and mental health
Authors: Kwiatkowski Stefan T. , Nowakowska-Siuta Renata
Published: December 2021

The article presents considerations focused on the broadly understood relationship between religiousness/spirituality and health - primarily mental health, although issues related to physical health were also discussed. It addresses, among others, the issue of potential benefits resulting from participation in religious practices - in this context, particular emphasis was placed on the sphere of social relations and social support that can be obtained from other members of the religious community, which can be perceived as a factor that may play a key role in the process of coping with various life difficulties and the resulting stress. The final part of the article presents the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between religiousness/spirituality and health.
Comparison of the Effect of Propofol and Dexmedetomidine on Hemodynamic Parameters and Stress Response Hormones During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Surgery
Authors: Ghomeishi Ali , Mohtadi Ahmad Reza , Behaeen Kaveh , Nesioonpour Sholeh , Bakhtiari Nima , Khalvati Fahlyani Farzad
Published: December 2021

Background: General anesthesia induces endocrine, immunologic, and metabolic responses. Anesthetic drugs affect the endocrine system by changing the level of stress hormones and hemodynamic variables of the patient. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of propofol and dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic parameters and stress-induced hormones in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) surgery. Methods: Seventy patients of elective LC were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups of propofol (75 µg/kg/min) and dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg/kg/hour) as anesthesia maintenance. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate and mean atrial pressure), blood sugar, and serum epinephrine level were monitored and recorded from pre-anesthesia period to 10 min after entry to post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) according to a planned method. Results: Heart rate and mean atrial pressure changes were significantly lower in dexmedetomidine group in all stages compared to propofol group (P < 0.001). Also, the rises in blood glucose and serum epinephrine levels in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly higher than in the propofol group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Anesthesia maintenance by dexmedetomidine showed a significant difference in hemodynamic parameters in comparison with propofol. While dexmedetomidine had better effects on controlling hemodynamic parameters, propofol showed better effects on decreasing stress hormones, and it can be suggested for LC surgery.
Unusual Presentation of Pulmonary Interstitial Glycogenosis: A Case Report Study
Authors: Seyyedirad Negarin , Ahani Azari Ali , Shahkar Lobat
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG) is a kind of children’s interstitial lung disease (ChILD). This is exclusively limited to neonates and infants. Often, PIG is diagnosed in the lung biopsy in a short time after birth (usually < 6 months). Most cases of PIG in infants are symptomatic within the first days to weeks of life. PIG expresses itself with diverse clinical symptoms such as tachypnea and hypoxia and may lead to acute respiratory failure in neonates. Case Presentation: In this case report study, we presented a 1.5-year-old boy with the chief complaint of stage 4 clubbing in fingers and toes. Mild chest deformity was observed in his physical exam. No evidence of respiratory and cardiac complications was observed. Initial lab tests and further specific studies were normal. His parents did not mention the history of any diseases in this patient. His chest X-ray (CXR) showed hyperinflated lungs, diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltration, and hazy opacities. Ground glass opacities (GGO) and interlobular septal thickening and cystic changes with reversed halo sign in both lungs were observed in his chest computerized tomography (CT). Finally, pulmonary biopsy showed a high level of glycogen-laden mesenchymal cells in the interstitium of alveoli, and vimentin-positive interstitial infiltration in lung parenchyma confirmed the PIG diagnosis. Conclusions: The new manifestation of PIG, which has been reported in this case, can be beneficial for future diagnoses of PIG.
Memory Complaints in People Living with HIV in Iran
Authors: Sheibani Malihe , Mohammadi Nurallah , Joulaei Hassan , Foroozanfar Zohre
Published: December 2021

Background: Several studies have reported that many people living with HIV (PLHIV) complain of memory impairments. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate these complaints both subjectively and objectively. Patients and Methods: For this purpose, 50 PLHIV and 50 of their companions as the control group were selected by the convenience sampling method in Shiraz, Iran, and completed Ray's auditory-verbal learning test and the Patient’s Assessment of Own Functioning Inventory (PAOFI). The data was analyzed by using t-test. Results: Our findings showed a significant difference between PLHIV and the control group in terms of subjective memory complaints and objective memory functions. Conclusions: The overall result of the study showed that PLHIV reported more subjective memory complaints and poorer objective memory functions than the control group, regardless of the stage of the disease.
Attitudes Toward Love, Emotional Maturity, and Early Maladaptive Schemas as Predictors of Spouse Selection in People on the Verge of Marriage
Authors: Bassak Nejad Soodabeh , Parniak Ali , Mehrabizadeh Honarmand Mahnaz
Published: December 2021

Background: In every culture, different criteria are considered for choosing a spouse, and some psychological factors predict spouse selection in people on the verge of marriage. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of attitudes toward love, emotional maturity, and early maladaptive schemas in predicting spouse selection in a sample of people on the verge of marriage. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2018. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants were selected using the convenience sampling method and evaluated by the Love Attitudes Scale, the Emotional Maturity Scale, the Young Early Maladaptive Schema Scale-short form, and the preference criteria of spouse selection inventory. Results: The results showed that Pragma love, lack of independence, and disconnection and rejection were the best predictors of the spouse selection process (R2 = 0.50; F = 11.62; P < 0.001). Also, Eros love, lack of independence, and impaired autonomy and performance were the best predictors of content spouse selection (R2 = 0.66; F = 15.38; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Young people have criteria for selecting a spouse. Pragma love, which is rational love, predicts the spouse selection process, and if content spouse selection is used, Eros love, which is hedonic, is the best predictor. Thus, all family therapists and counselors need to know about this criterion in each area they work.
An Atypical Subcutaneous Cytomegalovirus Infection Mimicking a Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in a Solid Organ Transplant Recipient
Authors: Park Tae Young , Kim Su Young , Bae Suk Hyun , Han Sang Youb
Published: December 2021

: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients and immunocompromised hosts. However, tissue-invasive CMV infection, causing cutaneous or subcutaneous diseases, has been rarely reported in the literature, and proper diagnosis can be easily delayed due to the rarity. Here, we report a rare case of a 45-year-old male renal transplant recipient, presenting with subcutaneous nodules. The nodules were initially suspected as a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) on computed tomography (CT) scan. However, biopsy later indicated a CMV infection. Based on the present findings, clinicians and radiologists are suggested to consider CMV infection as a differential diagnosis of subcutaneous nodular lesions in solid organ transplant recipients.
Regeneration and Diagnosis of Kidney Disease Using Exosomes
Authors: Taghizadeh Momen Leila , Abdolmaleki Arash , Asadi Asadollah , Akram Muhammad
Published: December 2021

: A growing global prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), high costs of kidney transplantation, a shortage of kidney donors, and low survival rate after dialysis have popularized mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy via transplantation. However, the risks of tumorigenesis, immune rejection, pathogen transmission, loss of differentiation, and morphological changes after long-term culture have prompted researchers to develop a safer and more effective therapy method. Therefore, cell-free approaches have been developed to reduce the risks associated with stem cell-based therapies. In cell-free therapy of AKI and CKD, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles, with nanometer sizes, are used, called exosomes. Exosomes have a lipid bilayer membrane with various genes, microRNAs, and proteins for kidney repair. As known, MSC-derived exosomes have improved the kidney regeneration process for various reasons, such as increased safety and reduced inflammation, immune rejection, and tumorigenesis. With the advancement of exosome isolation techniques, the possibility of using biologically active molecules for renal injury prediction and diagnosis has emerged. The use of urinary exosomes in AKI and CKD diagnosis is based on changes in the expression of specific molecule cargos of exosomes. This review article summarizes the diagnosis and therapeutic applications of exosomes in AKI and CKD.
The Effects of Chewing Gum on Nausea, Vomiting, and Intestinal Functions of Surgical Patients
Authors: Bayraktar Oznur , Kutlu Adalet
Published: December 2021

Background: It is important to resume regular functions of the digestive system as soon as possible after surgery. It has been reported that chewing gum can be used in this regard. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on nausea-vomiting and bowel function in surgical patients. Methods: A total of 60 patients with cholecystectomy and herniotomy (30 controls [non-chewing gum] and 30 interventions [chewing gum]) were enrolled in this controlled experimental study. The intervention group was provided to chew gum 3 times for 15 - 30 minutes with a 2-hour interval. Both control and intervention groups were evaluated 6 and 24 hours after being taken to the surgical service using the nausea-vomiting, intestinal functions monitoring form. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the control and intervention groups 0 - 6 hours after surgery (χ2 = 4.320, P < 0.05). The intervention group was found to be discharged earlier than the control group (χ² = 4.286, P < 0.05; Z = -2.053, P < 0.05), and the difference was significant. It was found that the intervention group suffered 5.09 times less vomiting compared to the control group 0 - 6 hours after surgery. Conclusions: The positive effects of chewing gum on nausea, vomiting, intestinal function, and early discharge were found. It is recommended that chewing gum be included in nursing interventions for patients after surgery.
Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing WHO Safe Surgery Checklist: A Cross-sectional Study in Public Hospitals of Iran
Authors: Khodavandi Milad , Kakemam Edris , Ghasemyani Shabnam , Khodayari-Zarnaq Rahim
Published: December 2021

Background: The implementation of WHO safe surgery checklist (SSC) was proposed by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in the operation rooms of Iranian hospitals in 2011, but was canceled after several years due to some challenges in implementation. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators of the effective implementation of the SSC. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in public hospitals of Tabriz city in 2019. The study population consisted of operation room working staff, and the purposive sampling was used. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire designed through literature review and included three parts of demographic variables, barriers, and facilitating factors. Data were analyzed with SPSS-22. Results: The mean of barriers to implementation of the SSC was 3.03 out of 5. The most important barrier to implementing the checklist was the weakness in team working (3.18), while checklist barriers were the least important (2.98). The mean score of facilitating factors was 3.46. Among the facilitators, the highest score was for team working facilitators with a score of 3.47 and the lowest score was for the facilitators associated with the checklist with a score of 3.37. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies that explored the barriers and facilitators of SSC implementation in Iranian hospitals. We identified weak team working as the most important barrier to implementing the checklist. These results help policymakers and hospital managers to implement the checklist more effectively.
Response of Cardiac Tissue Oxidative Stress After Aerobic Exercise and Capsaicin Administrations in Rats Fed High-Fat Diet
Authors: Davaran Maryam , Abdi Ahmad , Mehrabani Javad , Abbassi Daloii Asieh
Published: December 2021

Background: Oxidative stress harms cells and impairs the balance between oxidative and antioxidative factors. Exercise and capsaicin have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as well as some benefits on the cardiovascular system. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aerobic training with capsaicin on heart changes oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were fed a normal diet (ND, n = 8) or HFD (n = 32) for 8 weeks. After eight weeks, all rats were divided into five groups: ND, HFD, high-fat diet-training (HFDT), high-fat diet-capsaicin (HFDCap), high-fat diet-training-capsaicin (HFDTCap). Training groups performed a progressive aerobic running program (at 15 - 25 m/min, 30 - 60 min/day, and 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day) was administered orally, by gavage, once a day. Results: The results showed significant increase in cardiac SOD, GPx and CAT levels in HFDT (P < 0.001), HFDCap (P < 0.001) and HFDTCap (P < 0.001) groups. Also, a significant increase in the amount of this index was observed in the HFDTCap compared to the HFDT and HFDCap groups (P < 0.05). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in all experimental groups was significantly lower than the HFD group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Exercise and capsaicin improve HFD-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, exercise and capsaicin can be used as an appropriate alternative treatment for obesity and its associated inflammatory and oxidative effects.
The Hypocritical Consciousness and the Emancipatory Aims of the Soviet Society
Authors: Leonavičius Vylius , Žilys Apolonijus
Published: December 2021

The material and the post-material values of the young generation in the last Soviet decade are analysed according to the theory of human development and compared with the values of the rest of the society. They are further analysed in light of hypocritical dispositions that developed systematically during the Soviet period. The study uses the data of the European Value Survey of 1990. The youngest cohort more preferred post-material values and declared emancipatory aims, but also was more in favour of breaking social norms than the older generation.
Anti-immigrant Attitudes in the European Union: What Role for Values?
Authors: Deimantas Vytenis Juozas
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to analyse the connection between values individuals hold and perception whether immigration is bad or good for economy in the European Union. It applies the multilevel modelling approach on the European Social Survey rounds 1–7 and a set of the OECD economic measures. The method allows for an examination of personal (values, socioecomic and demographic) and contextual (GDP, inequality and unemployment rates) drivers of anti-immigrant tendencies. The results show that individual values are connected to how people perceive immigrants in the EU.
Mobility Restrictions and Transnational Families: How COVID-19 Pandemic May Affect Families and Caring for Children?
Authors: Juozeliūnienė Irena , Martinkėnė Gintė , Budginaitė-Mačkinė Irma , Žilinskienė Laimutė
Published: December 2021

In this article, we analyse how global mobility restrictions related to COVID-19 may affect Lithuanian transnational families and transnational practices of parenting. The article draws on the data from the quota-based survey, implemented while carrying out the research project ‘Global Migration and Lithuanian Family: Family Practices, Circulation of Care and Return Strategies’ (No. S-MIP-17-117), funded by the Lithuanian Research Council, to analyse the transnational care practices that require the mobility of family members. The challenges created by the pandemic are discussed while analysing the data from the case studies of transnational families. The article reveals that the free mobility of family members in the global world is an important part of the transnational care practices, ensuring continuity of family relations and childcare, regardless of the residence of the family members. The anti-mobility regimes create challenges to family unity, intergenerational relations and give ground to the emergence of new stigmas.
Interrelation Among COVID-19 Situation, Evaluation of Government Actions and Subjective Well-being in Lithuania
Authors: Genys Dainius , Krikštolaitis Ričardas
Published: December 2021

The huge and sudden challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic created the need for quick governmental decisions, at the same time provoking changes in subjective public perception. The article empirically analyses the attitudes of different groups in Lithuania towards the COVID-19 situation, government actions and changes in subjective personal well-being. A representative public opinion poll (N-804) was conducted to achieve this goal. Empirical research sought to elucidate individual self-protection measures, attitudes towards the danger of the virus, government-implemented measures to combat the pandemic, and common stereotypes as well as consequences for subjective well-being. The cluster analysis confirmed the assumption that there is a link between the perception of the role of society and expectations towards the government, and between the dynamics of trust in key political actors and support for specific government actions in the context of a pandemic. If the group is more self-reliant, government policies that regulate even small aspects of public life lead to disagreement (in the case of 1st cluster), and vice versa, if the group has high expectations of government, it receives support (in the case of 3rd cluster).
Housing as an Object of Consumption: Analysis of Functional, Symbolic and Investment Value
Authors: Segalovičius Andrius
Published: December 2021

Analysis of housing as an object of consumption rests upon the concept of the value of consumer object. A set of certain features of an object constitute its value and housing is explored by analysing its functional, investment and symbolic value. The results of the empirical study allows us to reasonably state that housing as an object of consumption is recognizable in the population surveyed. The assessment of functional, investment and symbolic value aspects varies with respect to the basic characteristics of housing – location in the city, living area and type of housing. The analysis of housing as an object of consumption revealed growth trends in the relevance of investment value, changes in attitudes towards housing loans and the relevance of owner status in the housing tenure.
Intergenerational Functional Solidarity in the Family: The Case of Latvia
Authors: Dobelniece Signe , Kuļigina Nadežda
Published: December 2021

Functional solidarity is one of the six components of intergenerational solidarity in the family. It includes both the provision and receipt of assistance between adult children and parents, as well as mutual financial and emotional support. Parents continue to help their children even after they have grown up and have their own families, and adult children support parents.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Fertility: What to Expect in the Future?
Authors: Maslauskaitė Aušra
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has impact on many aspects of social life. The paper discusses the potential effect of the pandemic on fertility. It is based on the theoretical analysis of the impact of the past pandemic of modern world (Spanish flu) on the fertility and potential mechanisms which will be at play in the post-COVID-19 pandemic fertility trajectory. The paper also overviews the most recent demographic fertility and family statistics, which show that fertility and marriage rates decreased in Lithuania significantly during the first year of the pandemic. The survey results from 2021 reveal that fertility intentions in the cohort 1985–89 were delayed by approximately 25%. It is concluded that fertility will be mostly affected by the way the state and society will solve the issues related to gender roles in the family, gender equality in labour market, social capital and trust, all of which had been challenged by the pandemic.
Seeking a Solution to the Problem of Prostitution: Application of Repressive Social Politics
Authors: Kondrataitė Irma , Šumskaitė Lina
Published: December 2021

C. Benoit et al. (2018) distinguish three models of social policy that reveal different approaches to prostitution: repressive (prohibiting prostitution), regulating and integrating (decriminalizing prostitution). In Lithuania, a repressive model of social policy is applied in prostitution – both the client and the person providing sexual services are fined. Currently, active social campaigns are underway to apply the Nordic (or Equality) model in prostitution in Lithuania: only the client who buys sexual services would be committing a crime and therefore fined. Although adapting the Nordic model would reduce women’s administrative criminality in female prostitution, the authors consider, based on a case study and the experience of other countries, whether focusing on repressive social policy legislations will address the stigma and isolation that hinder the integration and empowerment of women.
Loneliness and its Predictors in Lithuania and the European Context
Authors: Rapolienė Gražina , Tretjakova Vaida
Published: December 2021

Loneliness as a subjective consequence of social exclusion has a negative impact on both individual and public health, and impedes societal development. Even though Lithuania has one of the highest rates of loneliness among EU countries, it has not been closely studied. This paper presents for the first time the analysis of the prevalence and factors of loneliness in Lithuania, covering all age groups, and provides the European context. Data from the European Social Survey 7th Wave (2014) were analysed using binary logistic regression. Contrary to our expectations, (older) age is not a predictor of loneliness in Lithuania. Lonely people are more likely to be of other nationality than the majority and the main minorities (i.e. not Lithuanian, Russian or Polish); are less likely to live with a spouse or partner, but more likely to live with children in the same household; more often experience serious financial difficulties; have a history of financial instability in their childhood; tend to have poor subjective health. Not having a partner/spouse and lower economic status are well known risk factors of loneliness from previous international studies. In the context of European countries, the share of lonely people in Lithuania is about average and living without a spouse/partner is a common characteristic of loneliness across all countries. However, other factors of loneliness, such as financial difficulties (current and during childhood), living with children in the same household and poor subjective health appear to be more pronounced in Lithuania.
Collective and Individual Factors in the Development of Creative Ideas in Art: The Perspective of Film Directors
Authors: Laķe Anda , Brutāne Laura , Petkeviča Ketrisa
Published: December 2021

The study focuses on the question if and how it is possible to balance the freedom of developing artist’s individual creative idea and the societal demand for art defined in a concrete political context. The theoretical basis for the article is formed by research approaches grounded on sociology of creativity and social psychology. The object of the case study is film directors who had obtained funding for the production and dissemination of their films within the funding program ‘Latvian Films for Latvia’s Centenary’ (2016–2018). The experience of film directors (N 16) was examined by using in-depth interviews and transcriptions analysed in accordance with qualitative methodology. The study identified two contingent levels of creativity inspiration – the individual and the societal or collective level. The authors identify several development models of the film directors’ creative ideas, three of which are dominant: the independent outsider who stresses individual, seed-incident based creativity factors independent of the Latvian Centenary program; the independent idealist who stresses both individual and collective factors, independent of the Latvian Centenary program; the conforming patriot who stresses collective creativity factors that stem from the Latvian Centenary program. The view represented in the film directors’ interviews has in common the assumption that the Latvian Centenary call had a positive influence on the film ideas, allowing the development of the artistic vision and conceptualising the framework for the expression of their ideas. The directors emphasise that there was no intentional configuration of the film creative ideas by formally adjusting them to the demand, thus circumventing the barriers of social field’s gatekeepers. In many cases the idea had been developed long before the film idea call. Most directors admitted that the goal of the Centenary call appeared important to them both in terms of the state, and on the social and personal level.
The peculiarities of legal regulation of technical inspection of vehicles at the present stage
Authors: Amelichkin Aleksei Viktorovich
Published: December 2021

The subject of this research is the system of social relations in the sphere of road safety associated with technical operation of motor vehicles. The object of this research is social relations that arise in the context of mandatory vehicle inspection. The goal lies in examination of the current normative legal framework that regulates road safety, as well as in analysis of the proposals of state authorities on cancellation of mandatory technical inspection. The author explores the issues of normative legal regulation of vehicle technical inspection at the present stage. Special attention is given to negative impact of the cancellation of mandatory technical inspection of vehicles owned by citizens and used for personal purposes upon the road safety system. The novelty lies in the need for the improvement of social relations in the area of road safety. The author discloses the content of the current legislation pertaining to vehicle technical inspection; analyzes the relevant draft laws in the area of road safety; as well as formulate recommendations for the improvement of oversight legal relations by raising the responsibility of operators of technical inspection for its quality. The acquired results can be implemented in legislative activity of government agencies, law enforcement activity, educational process of educational institutions, scientific research on the problems of road safety, improvement of the branches of the Russian legal system.