bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Immunobiological Agent Conservation Assessment Scale
Authors: Amaral Gabriela Gonçalves , de Oliveira Valéria Conceição , de Azevedo Guimarães Eliete Albano , Reis Ilka Afonso , da Fonseca Viegas Selma Maria , Pinto Ione Carvalho , Oliveira Maíla Martins
Published: October 2020

Introduction and Objective

The cold chain of immunobiological agent conservation occupies a strategic position in the immunization system and, therefore, needs to be evaluated. This study psychometrically evaluated the Immunobiological Agent Conservation Assessment Scale (Escala de Avaliação da Conservação de Imunobiológicos—EACI).

Methods

Methodological study carried out in Minas Gerais, Brazil, including 275 immunization rooms, divided into three stages: (a) pilot study; (b) internal consistency and temporal reproducibility; (c) criterion validity and structural validity.

Results

The EACI items were analyzed for comprehension and clarity; presenting internally consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.72 [95% CI: 0.666–0.763]) and temporal reproducibility (ICC: 0.948 [95% CI: 0.911–0.981]), in addition to explaining 72% of the variance and discriminating the groups criteria (p = .0025).

Conclusion

The EACI is psychometrically reliable and valid and is the first assessment instrument available for this construct.
Is Where Same-Sex Couples Live a Valid Measure for Where Single Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People Live in Population Health Research? Results from a National Probability Phone Survey, 2017, United States
Authors: Lee Joseph G. L. , Boynton Marcella H. , Shook-Sa Bonnie E. , Wimark Thomas
Published: October 2020

Emerging evidence using the concentration of same-sex couples from the U.S. Census suggests lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB), and transgender (LGBT; i.e., sexual and gender minority [SGM]) people living as a same-sex couple are concentrated in less healthful neighborhoods. However, it is unclear if findings would be different if based on where LGBT individuals live. Thus, we sought to assess differences in neighborhood, county, and state characteristics between same-sex couples and LGBT individuals to inform population health research and policy interventions on LGBT health inequities. In 2017, we conducted a cross-sectional national, probability survey of LGBT adults in the U.S. and geocoded addresses (N= 407). We linked locations with census tract, county, and state characteristics selected based on health inequities theories. In 2019, we used weighted analysis to calculate descriptive statistics and conducted planned contrasts of location characteristics by both cohabitation status and gender. Many location characteristics were similar by cohabitation status and gender. However, the tract proportion of Black residents and county crime rate were lower for cohabitating than non-cohabitating men. State smoke-free air score was weaker for cohabitating than non-cohabitating women. The use of same-sex couples to determine the geographical clustering of LGBT lives in the U.S. may give a reasonable indication of overall spatial characteristics but can underestimate some important determinants of health. Care should be taken using same-sex couples as a proxy for LGBT concentration when racial segregation is a potential confounder.
Distance Traveled to Access Knowledgeable Trans-Related Healthcare Providers
Authors: Kattari Shanna K. , Grange Joseph , Seelman Kristie L. , Bakko Matthew , Harner Vern
Published: October 2020

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals experience a variety of disparities regarding healthcare and healthcare access. While many of these disparities are interpersonal, such as discrimination and experiences of violence at the hands of medical providers, there are also systemic issues that contribute to these inequities. One such issue is that of finding and accessing providers who are knowledgeable about trans-related care. This study examines how far TGD people are traveling to access providers with more trans-related health knowledge and explores gender differences regarding distance traveled. Data from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey are used, with an analytic sample of N = 5,639. Findings from the chi-square tests of independence and logistic regressions indicate there is a relationship between highly knowledgeable care and distance traveled, such that certain groups of TGD individuals (across race, income level, and educational achievement) are taking on the burden of having to travel further in order to access the most knowledgeable healthcare providers, with few significant differences across genders. Overall, 34.5% of TGD individuals have to travel over 25 miles to access providers knowledgeable about trans-related care. While much of the discussion about increasing trans-affirming healthcare has centered on reducing interpersonal issues, the hardship potentially caused by traveling further to get knowledgeable care should certainly be part of this conversation.
Mediación en conflictos armados. La experiencia de la asociación de trabajadores campesinos del carare (ATCC)
Authors: Hernández Delgado Esperanza
Published: October 2020

Este artículo, producto de investigación para la paz[1], tiene por objeto analizar desde la teoría de los Estudios de Paz[2]la experiencia de mediación de la Asociación de Trabajadores Campesinos del Carare (ATCC) en el conflicto armado interno colombiano. Su originalidad consiste en abordar una mediación realizada por una comunidad campesina involucrada en este conflicto, dada su afectación por el mismo; y recoger un modelo genuino de mediación generado por la ATCC. El método aplicado fue el de la Investigación Acción Participante (IAP)[3] y se soportó en la estrategia de un trabajo de campo que permitió una observación in situ y entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores relevantes. Conclusión:la ATCC enseña un método innovador de mediación comunitaria, la importancia de mediadores internos e involucrados y los alcances de esta mediación en los conflictos armados internos.

 

[1] La investigación para la paz es una modalidad de investigación propia de los Estudios de Paz. Puede ser comprendida como la indagación en el pasado y el presente para conocer lo que se requiere para construir paz. Véase a Johan Galtung, Investigaciones teóricas. Sociedad y culturas contemporáneas (Madrid: Tecnos, 1995), 347.

[2] Los Estudios de Paz surgieron en 1945, en tiempos de post Segunda Guerra Mundial. Representan un ámbito de conocimiento centrado en la paz y generado a partir de categorías analíticas, enfoques y modalidades de investigación que lo soportan y le dan contenidos, como la historia de la paz, la investigación para la paz, la educación para la paz, la cultura de paz, y la construcción de la paz. Véase  a Francisco A. Muñoz et al., Investigación de la Paz y los Derechos Humanos desde Andalucía (Granada: Universidad de Granada, 2005), 29.

[3] La Investigación Acción Participante (IAP) encontró su origen a mediados de la década de los cuarenta, en la búsqueda de enfoques alternativos de investigación y trabajo comunitario que lograran un mayor impacto en términos de transformación social. Hizo presencia en Colombia a partir de 1977. Ha sido considerada como metodología de investigación y aprendizaje y se caracteriza por estar ligada al cambio social. Devuelve o fortalece la condición de sujetos sociales a quienes participan en ella, busca la unidad entre la teoría y la práctica, estimula el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo mediante la aplicación de principios como “aprender haciendo”, articula saberes académicos con otros saberes, y plantea que la generación de conocimiento no solo es posible a través de expertos sino como producto de saberes integrados de investigadores e investigados. Véase a María Cristina Salazar, ed., La investigación-acción participativa. Inicios y desarrollos (Santafé de Bogotá, D. C.: Editora Géminis, 1992), 137.
Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Nigeria
Authors: Aromolaran Adebayo B. , Muyanga Milu
Published: October 2020

This report presents an early assessment of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural commercialisation, food and nutrition security, labour and employment, and poverty and well-being in rural Nigeria. Data was collected from a stratified random sample of 110 respondent households drawn from five Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ogun (Ijebu East, Obafemi Owode, and Imeko Afon) and Kaduna (Chikun and Soba) States. At the time of the survey, these LGAs had reported a small number of COVID-19 cases. The survey data is complemented by insights from five in-depth key informant interviews conducted in the LGAs. The APRA COVID-19 data collection will be carried out over three rounds. This report presents insights obtained from the first round implemented during mid-July 2020.
NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE OF EARLY WARNING SCORE AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN EASTERN INDONESIA
Authors: Olang Janwar , Manik Marisa Junianti , Simamora Oberlin
Published: October 2020

Early Warning Score (EWS) is an approach to identify clinical decline and early detection of abnormal condition in regard with patients at hospital. This early clinical decision could influence on patient morlality rates and quality of nursing care. The purpose of this research was to describe nurses’ knowledge about EWS at a private hospital in Eastern part of Indonesia. This research applied a quantitative descriptive method. Total of 48 nurses at a private hospital in Eastern part of Indonesia were recruited in this study. This study used a descriptive analysis. This study revealed that most nurses (81.25%) were at the level of adequate in regard with their knowledge of EWS. Further study is recommended to explore nurses compliance on EWS implementation in hospital and how it is associated with patients’ deterioration conditions.
Anak di Embung Cinta: Pembentukan Wisata Ramah Anak di Kelurahan Nangkaan Bondowoso
Authors: Wildana Dina Tsalist , Khanif Al , Prihatmini Sapti , Tanuwijaya Fany
Published: October 2020

Kelurahan Nangkaan memiliki keindahan alam berupa embung yaitu cekungan penampung air yang berguna untuk menjaga kualitas air, mencegah banjir dan berguna untuk irigasi sawah. Menariknya embung ini berbentuk hati hingga disebut dengan embung cinta. Keindahan alam ini dimanfaatkan untuk membentuk Desa Wisata Embung Cinta. Lebih khusus, desa wisata ini akan mengusung konsep ramah anak. Metode Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) akan menjadi berbagai kondisi kelurahan Nangkaan sebagai aset yang dapat dikembangkan menuju desa wisata ramah anak. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah berupa kesepakatan ide pembentukan desa wisata ramah anak dari para stake holder meliputi Kepala Pemerintahan Kelurahan Nangkaan, Kelompok Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwis) dan masyarakat. Beberapa program awal yang telah dilakukan adalah menyelenggaran lomba lukis dengan promosi tempat wisata dan membuat konsep wisata ramah anak. Masih banyak tahapan yang harus dilakukan menuju desa wisata ramah anak. Tentunya memerlukan dukungan dari berbagai pihak dan semangat yang harus terus dibangun.
Reengineering of production process of pressing long-length products from high-strength aluminium alloys
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Gotlib B. M. , Vakalyuk A. A. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Golovenkin A. V. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

A hybrid technology of reengineering of the existing hot-pressing production process of long-length products from high-strength aluminium alloys is suggested. At the first stage of design functional and structural models of the existing process are constructed, through the analysis of which functional and structural models of the designed production process are formed. The construction of models involves IDEF-design methods which are a further development of SADT methodology of structured analysis and design of complex systems. The structural model of the designed process is presented in graphical language IDEF3. Further, by means of methods of functional and structural, functional and constructive, structural and constructive integration search and optimization of the technological devices realizing the required production functions is carried out. Such technologies have been used in the development of complex aerospace systems. In the process of reengineering the existing production process of pressing products from high-strength aluminium alloys, a design of an energy and material-saving automated production process has been developed, in which, unlike the existing process on one unit in a continuous process flow, the main technological operations of plastic deformation, additional heating, heat hardening and straightening of the pressed products are carried out directly on the output bed of the press. A part of the technical solutions of the project passed industrial testing on a the press complex with a force of 50 MN. The suggested production process is universal and can be applied both in production of long-length products from high-strength and low easily deformable aluminium alloys.
Assessment of the results of the medium-term forecast of railway performance
Authors:   Irkutsk State Transport University (ISTU), Noskov S. I. , Bazilevskiy M. P. ,   Irkutsk State Transport University (ISTU), Vrublevskiy I. P. ,   Irkutsk State Transport University (ISTU)
Published: October 2020

The results of the so-called descriptive forecast calculations of the future values of the key performance indicators of the transport industry are of considerable interest. The article presents a comparison of the results of the multivariate forecast of the performance indicators of the Krasnoyarsk Railway for 2015-2018, published in one of the previous works by the authors, with their actual values. These results were derived from a regressive mathematical model, which is an open dynamic recursive discrete system consisting of thirteen equations. The output variables in this model are the transport freight turnover, the locomotive productivity, the sector speed, the average weight of the freight train, the local car demurrage, the demurrage at the technical station, and loading volumes. In total, pessimistic, neutral and optimistic versions of the forecast have been developed. The comparison of the actual (real) and forecasted (estimated) values of the endogenous (internal, output, dependent, explicable) variables showed that 23 of the 28 values fell into the forecast ranges, which makes it possible to conclude that the model is highly adequate and can be used effectively for a wide range of mid-term forecasting tasks, connected with mid-term forecasting. Some ways of enhancing the predictive capability of the model are proposed.
Economic feasibility of decisions on the workfl ow management of the cargo terminal
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PSTU), Pokrovskaya Oksana Dmitrievna , Kulikov Evgeny Sergeevich ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PSTU)
Published: October 2020

The work is devoted to the analysis of existing directions of digitalization of the railroad industry in the segment of terminal and warehousing services. Application software has been developed for the economic feasibility of decision-making on the workflow management of the cargo terminal. The novelty elements are noted and the main working procedures, performed by the program are described. The characteristic of the interface is given, and macro flowchart of the program operation is given. The program allows calculating the cost of warehousing cargo, taking into account the occupied area. The results of the calculation can be applied in the design of cargo terminals and justifying the feasibility of attracting additional cargo flows.
Modern concept of physical education of students of the Health Department at Transport University
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Linkova Natalia A.
Published: October 2020

The article considers the concept of the physical education program for students in the Health Department at Transport University. The purpose of the concept is to strengthen the health of students, to cognitively cultivate healthy lifestyle, to attract young people to mass physical education and health improvement, to develop and improve physical qualities.
Impact of lubrication on the safety of cargo traffi c
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Parahnenko Inna L.
Published: October 2020

The wear hardness of the wheel in the gauge when passing curved sections of the track is a primary factor for traffic safety. This parameter is determined by the ratio of the transverse force that increases when the crew passes the curved section to the dynamic vertical load from the rolling stock on the rail. Using mathematical modeling in the software package «Universal mechanism», it is proved that the use of lubrication on the tracks of both track rails reduces the longitudinal forces by up to 60% in curves of small radius and up to 30% at radius up to 1000 m. It is possible to reduce the transverse forces by at least 15% by applying a lubricant to the track of the inner track rails [1, 2]. The use of the classical method (lubrication of the side surface of the outer rail) did not reveal a significant reduction of the forces.
Innovative simulators for automation and telemechanics systems
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Valiev Shamil K. , Dubrov Igor A. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the issues of training in educational institutions and enterprises of railway transport using simulators built on the basis of real actual equipment of railway automation and telemechanics, and virtual simulators that simulate the operation of real equipment by analog or digital modeling. Advantages and disadvantages of real and virtual simulators are considered. The directions for their further improvement are indicated. One of the directions is the development of innovative simulators that combine real equipment and its virtual environment in one laboratory layout. The first innovative simulator at the Department of “Automation, telemechanics and communication on railway transport” is the automated workplace of the train dispatcher. Further improvement of innovative simulators is the development and implementation in the laboratory of station systems of automation and telemechanics of the department of the set of remote fault assignment with an automated workplace of the teacher. The article describes the structural flowcharts of the remote fault assignment set and its main blocks. Innovative simulators also include a simulator of the train passing through the control section KTSM-02, which allows to simulate the operation of floor sensors in the same sequence as when passing a real train. The article describes a virtual simulator, which includes a laboratory model for the study of neutral electromagnetic relays in 3D. Advantages of integrating innovative simulators with virtual educational environment of the University are indicated.
Simulation of transient processes of a thyristorreactor device for voltage regulation on load
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Tarasovskij Timofej S.
Published: October 2020

The article presents a simulation model of a thyristor- reactor switching device (TRSD) created in the Matlab Simulink program. The model of a TRSD single- phase connected to a single-phase transformer has been created, and transients that occur during voltage regulation in a single-phase circuit are considered and analyzed. Supplement was introduced to the method for calculating TRSD thyristors. The developed model of a single phase of TRSD can be used to create models of converter transformers on traction substations with TRSD.
Peculiarities of layout of a railway station at the Far North using partially-inhabited technologies
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Golubev Oleg V. , Semenov Igor` S. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

The necessity of using partially-inhabited intellectual technologies for finding development prospects of Russia’s railway stations in the Far North environment is foregrounded in the article. On the basis of “Northern latitudinal railway” project, the characteristic features of development and functioning of railway stations taking into consideration the key environmental and territorial characteristics of the Far North of Russia are highlighted. The necessity for using partially-inhabited technologies for effective operation of railway stations in the Far North environment is substantiated. The large-scale scientific and technical projects as well as particular examples of technological intellectualization at railway transport of Russia are reviewed in the article. On the basis of up-to-date scientific and technical research, the areas for improvement of a railway station using intellectualization of its equipment are defined.
Technique for fi nding rational means of allocation of cable spools in multi-purpose containers
Authors:   Tashkent institute of railway engineering, Merganov Avaz M. , Ilesaliev Daurenbek I. ,   Tashkent institute of railway engineering, Ibragimova Gulshan R. ,   Tashkent institute of railway engineering, Azimov Farrukh K. ,   Tashkent institute of railway engineering
Published: October 2020

The research is focused on finding efficient means of allocation of spools loaded with cargo or without it in multi-purpose containers. Mathematical models of interrelation between parameters of packing material, cargo and container are offered. The technique for finding efficient means of allocation of cable spools in a container is worked out.
Improvement of the indicators for assessing social and economic eff ects for projects of transport xand logistics infrastructure development
Authors:   Russian transport university, Larin Oleg N. , Kulakov Aleksandr D. ,   Financial university under the government of the Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The methodological aspects for assessing socialeconomic effects from transport and logistics infrastructure development are reviewed in the article. In order to improve quality and justification for investment funding it is recommended for assessing social and economic effects to use the indicators which reflect interests of private investors, state bodies and population of regions.
THE SPECIFICS OF THE IDIOLECT OF E. MACRON IN THE CONTEXT OF HIS POLITICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Peftiev Vladimir I. , Boychuk Elena I. ,   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky
Published: October 2020

The aim of the paper is to present the results of the analysis of the idiolect of the French President Emmanuel Macron in the context of political events presented in the president’s addresses to the nation. The following tasks are solved in the work: the mechanisms of the influence of his speech on the recipient are determined, the aspect of an interdisciplinary dialogue between political science and linguistics is reflected, attention is drawn to the context of the discourse of E. Macron against the backdrop of a changing world, challenges in France's domestic and foreign policy. The analysis of the idiolect of E. Macron from the point of view of the implementation of its communicative functions was also carried out. The conclusion of the article is informative for the increment of knowledge in sociolinguistics and political linguistics. The main result of the study was the conclusion that the individual style of E. Macron is distinguished by the desire for a neat, cautious, but at the same time bold attitude to the word. The specificity of his speech is manifested at all linguistic levels, namely at the phonetic level, clearly defined in terms of diction and arrangement of pauses, linking and accentuation by declaring, at the lexical level in a peculiar choice of vocabulary, in some cases outdated, uncommon words, as well as in the use of metaphors and phraseological units, at the syntactic level – in the use of complex syntactic constructions and anaphoric repetitions. This specificity draws attention to itself, it defines the president’s idiolect as a person striving to take the country's development to a new level, to take care of the nation, at the same time emphasizing his rather tough position in relation to the whole world.
ENGLISH MENEMES AS REPRESENTATIVES OF A CONTIGUOUS LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN THE EARLY PUBLICISTIC TEXTS BY N. LESKOV
Authors:   Moscow state regional university, Bazhenova Alina P.
Published: October 2020

The article examines characteristic English menemesin their stylistic significance, which are used as representatives of a contiguous linguistic picture of the world in the texts of the early publicistic works by N.S. Leskov in connection with the author's reasoning about social and cultural problems. English menemes are characterized as idiolectemes, verbalizers of cultural concepts, explicators of the intentions and pragmatic attitudes of Leskov the publicist, which is seen as the relevance and novelty of the research. English menemes are analyzed as components of an individual conceptual sphere, taking into account their associative and connotative potential. It is proved that the functioning of menems in the author's text as representatives of the contiguous linguistic picture of the world contributes to the transmission of conceptual information in an individual interpretation, as well as the formation of ethnic ideas. The role of English menemes in the text space of a publicist is determined. Their stylistic functions in a pragmatic aspect are revealed. Methods of observation, analysis applied to material extracted by targeted sampling, conceptual approach were used. Conclusions are formulated about the pragmatics of using English memes in the early publicistic texts of N. S. Leskov as demonstrators of the author's intention and means of forming the image of a foreign people. The article can be of practical importance for the expansion of linguistic forestry, the study of the Anglosphere, the linguistic picture of the world and similar formations, clarification of the functions of English vocabulary in the scale of the author's chronologically outlined supertext and its role in activating the reader's interpretation.
Alteraciones del equilibrio acido base y electrolíticas en pacientes con crisis hiperglicémica atendidos en emergencia de un hospital general de Chiclayo
Authors: León-Zuloeta Robinsón , Chávez-Pasco Gaudhy Sujhey , Loza-Munarriz Cesar
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Describir las alteraciones del equilibrio ácido base y electrolíticas en pacientes con crisis hiperglicémica atendidos en la emergencia de un hospital general de Chiclayo. Material y métodos: Serie de casos, prospectivo y de corte transversal; se seleccionaron pacientes diabéticos con crisis hiperglicémica que fueron vigilados por 3 horas. Se registraron los datos clínicos, demográficos, gases arteriales, glicemia y electrolitos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 52 pacientes con una edad promedio 55,1 ± 16,9 y 29 (55,8%) de sexo femenino. El tiempo promedio de diagnóstico fue 4,3 ± 5,4 meses; 13 (25,0%) eran episodios debut, 4 (7,7%) fallecieron. El síntoma más frecuente fue confusión mental en 14 (26,9%), 30 (57,7%) tuvieron falla renal aguda. Las alteraciones electrolíticas más frecuentes fueron hiponatremia en 26 (50,0%) e hipokalemia en 18 (34,6%). La acidosis metabólica fue más frecuente en cetoacidosis que en coma hiperosmolar (85,0 vs 15,0%; p= 0,000). La falla renal aguda ocurrió en 76,7% en cetoacidosis diabética y en 23,3% en el coma hiperosmolar (p= 0,74). Conclusiones: La frecuencia y las complicaciones de la cetoacidosis diabética y del coma hiperosmolar, así como de las alteraciones electrolíticas, muestran grandes diferencias con los datos reportados en la literatura.
Frecuencia de úlceras por presión y los factores asociados a su presentación, en pacientes de un hospital nacional de Lima, Perú
Authors: Flores-Lara Yovana , Rojas-Jaimes Jesús , Jurado-Rosales Jenny
Published: October 2020

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de úlceras por presión (UPP) y los factores asociados a su presentación, en pacientes de un hospital nacional de Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron los datos del número de UPP por semanas epidemiológicas de las salas de hospitalización obtenidos por la Oficina de Inteligencia Sanitaria del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati durante el año 2016. Se determinaron las frecuencias según servicio de hospitalización. Se utilizó Social Science Statistics, para determinar Chi Cuadrado. Resultados: Los servicios con mayor frecuencia de UPP fueron UCI (41,67%) y cirugía general (16,67%), medicina interna (9,52%) y obstetricia (6,94%) y existió una relación estadística entre la frecuencia de UPP y UCI, cirugía general, medicina interna y obstetricia (p<0,005). Conclusiones: Se encontró que la frecuencia de úlceras por presión se asoció con el servicio de hospitalización del paciente, siendo más frecuente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Más del 70% de los casos de UPP ocurrieron en la UCI, hospitalización de cirugía, medicina y obstetricia.
Actividad antifúngica y antibacteriana in vitro del extracto etanólico de Usnea laevis frente a Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Jaramillo-Ordoñez Cristhina Estefanía
Published: October 2020

Los líquenes son asociaciones simbióticas mutualistas que se dan entre un hongo y organismos fotoautótrofos tales como algas o cianobacterias. Presentan altas concentraciones de sustancias liquénicas, las cuales son químicamente complejas y han presentado una marcada actividad antifúngica y antibacteriana. Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad antifúngica y antibacteriana (in vitro) del extracto etanólico de Usnea laevis frente a Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Material y métodos: Las sustancias liquénicas presentes en Usnea laevis fueron extraídas mediante el método de Soxhlet y fueron analizadas químicamente por cromatografía acoplado a espectrometría de masas. Para la evaluación de la actividad antifúngica y antibacteriana se utilizó la técnica de Kirby-Bauer. Resultados: Dentro de la composición química del extracto liquénico se tuvo ácido úsnico, eugenol, ergosterol entre otros. Para una concentración de 27 mg/ml del extracto etanólico de Usnea laevis, Staphylococcus aureus fue encontrado sensible siendo esta concentración la que mejores resultados de inhibición arrojó; mientras que la concentración de 11 mg/ml no fue efectiva frente a las cepas evaluadas. Conclusiones: El extracto etanólico de Usnea laevis posee propiedades antifúngicas y antibacterianas frente a Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Staphylococcus aureus.
Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory
Authors: Homola Piotr , Beznosko Dmitriy , Bhatta Gopal , Bibrzycki Łukasz , Bratek Łukasz , Borczyńska Michalina , Budnev Nikolay M. , Burakowski Dariusz , Alvarez-Castillo David Edwin , Almeida Cheminant Kevin , Ćwikła Aleksander , Dam-o Punsiri , Dhital Niraj , Duffy Alan , Głownia Piotr , Gorzkiewicz Krzysztof , Góra Dariusz , Gupta Alok C. , Hlávková Zuzana , Homola Martin , Jałocha Joanna , Kamiński Robert , Karbowiak Michał , Kasztelan Marcin , Kierepko Renata , Knap Marek , Kovács Péter , Kuliński Szymon , Łozowski Bartosz , Magryś Marek , Medvedev Mikhail V. , Mędrala Justyna , Mietelski Jerzy W. , Miszczyk Justyna , Mozgova Alona , Napolitano Antonio , Nazari Vahab , Ng Y. Jack , Niedźwiecki Michał , Oancea Cristina , Ogan Bogusław , Opiła Gabriela , Oziomek Krzysztof , Pawlik Maciej , Piekarczyk Marcin , Poncyljusz Bożena , Pryga Jerzy , Rosas Matías , Rzecki Krzysztof , Zamora-Saa Jilberto , Smelcerz Katarzyna , Smolek Karel , Stanek Weronika , Stasielak Jarosław , Stuglik Slawomir , Sulma Jolanta , Sushchov Oleksandr , Svanidze Manana , Tam Kyle , Tursunov Arman , Vaquero José-M. , Wibig Tadeusz , Woźniak Krzysztof W.
Published: October 2020

The Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) is a newly formed, global collaboration dedicated to observing and studying cosmic rays (CR) and cosmic ray ensembles (CRE): groups of a minimum of two CR with a common primary interaction vertex or the same parent particle. The CREDO program embraces testing known CR and CRE scenarios, and preparing to observe unexpected physics, it is also suitable for multi-messenger and multi-mission applications. Perfectly matched to CREDO capabilities, CRE could be formed both within classical models (e.g. as products of photon-photon interactions), and exotic scenarios (e.g. as results of decay of Super Heavy Dark Matter particles), their fronts might be significantly extended in space and time, and they might include cosmic rays of energies spanning the whole cosmic ray energy spectrum. CRE are expected to be partially observable on Earth even if the initiating interaction or process occurs as far as ~1 Gpc away. They would have a footprint composed of at least two extensive air showers with correlated arrival directions and arrival times. Since CRE are mostly expected to be spread over large areas and, because of the expected wide energy range of the contributing particles, CRE detection might only be feasible when using available cosmic ray infrastructure collectively, i.e. as a globally extended network of detectors. Thus, with this review article, the CREDO Collaboration invites the astroparticle physics community to actively join or to contribute to the research dedicated to CRE, and in particular to share any cosmic ray data useful for the specific CRE detection strategies.
Environment Resilient Rice Stubble Management Technique for Wheat Sowing in Zero Tillage Happy Seeder
Authors: Shehzadi MAMOONA , KHALIQ ABDUL , Shafqat Muhammad , UL SHER RASHAD , AHMAD ADEEL , YOUNUS MUHAMMAD , YASIN MUBASHRA
Published: October 2020

Rice wheat cropping system prevailed in more than fifty percent areas of rice belt of central and upper Punjab. In this area yield of wheat is curtailed every year due to late harvesting of rice crop. In addition to this, lack of machinery for direct sowing of wheat into combine harvested rice is a major limitation for timely wheat sowing due to presence of heavy straw load dropped by the combine harvester. A field experiment was planned and executed during two consecutive years 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Agronomic Research Station Farooqabad to evaluate the various stubble management techniques for the sowing of wheat in a rice-wheat cropping system. The Experiment consist of four treatments Happy seeder (Zero tillage), conventional sowing without burning of rice stubble, Rotavator two times, and Conventional sowing with the burning of rice stubble. The trail was arranged as a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications having a net plot size of 8 m x 20 m. The Treatments have significant effects on Plant height, Number of productive tillers, 1000- grain weight, and grain yield. Maximum plant height (94.74 and 94.25 cm), numbers of productive tillers/m2 (324.00 and 322.25), 1000-grain weight (36.35 and 36.20 g), grain yield (3780 and 3613 kg/ha), and benefit-cost ratio (2.54 and 2.43) were recorded from the treatment happy seeder (Zero tillage) during both years respectively. It is concluded that the sowing of wheat with a happy seeder (Zero tillage) is an appropriate technique in the rice-wheat cropping system by protecting the environment and soil health from the burning of rice stubbles.
Analysis of The Covid-19 Impact on Electricity Consumption and Production
Authors: Bulut Mehmet
Published: October 2020

With the year 2020, the world faced a new threat that affects all areas of life, negatively affects production in all areas, and paralyzes social life. The measures and restrictions taken by the country's governments to prevent the epidemic from spreading rapidly in the society with the effect of the Covid-19 virus, which first appeared in China and spread all over the world, brought a new lifestyle. Covid-19 has been much the impact on electricity use and electricity production in the period in Turkey as in other countries. There was a sharp decline in commercial and industrial electricity use. The coronavirus effect has also been reflected in the electricity demand and the consumption amount has undergone a great negative change. Due to the enactment of measures against the new type of coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic and the partial or full-time curfews, electricity consumption was moved to homes, supermarkets, and hospitals in April 2020 from places where mass consumption is intense, such as industry, workplaces, and educational institutions. In this study, Covid-19 period, the first cases were examined electricity production and consumption in Turkey as of the date it is seen throughout, in comparison with electricity consumption data in the same month of the previous years corresponding to this period, the effects on electricity generation and consumption habits of this period were examined.
The Emerging Role of Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy in the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Cheong Crystal SJ , Loke Weiqiang , Thong Mark Kim Thye , Toh Song Tar , Lee Chi-Hang
Published: October 2020

Obstructive sleep apnea is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway. Continuous positive airway pressure is the first-line therapy for most patients, but adherence is often poor. Alternative treatment options such as mandibular advancement devices, positional therapy, and surgical interventions including upper airway stimulation target different levels and patterns of obstruction with varying degrees of success. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy enables the visualization of upper airway obstruction under conditions mimicking sleep. In the era of precision medicine, this additional information may facilitate better decision-making when prescribing alternative treatment modalities, with the hope of achieving better adherence and/or success rates. This review discusses the current knowledge and evidence on the role of drug-induced sleep endoscopy in the non-positive airway pressure management of obstructive sleep apnea.
Otospondylomegaepiphyseal Dysplasia
Authors: Williams Benjamin R. , Calhoun Amy R.U.L. , Holton Kenneth J. , Kelly Brandon J. , Sembrano Jonathan N.
Published: October 2020

Case:

We present a long-term follow-up on a woman with otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia (OSMED). At the age of 46 years, she is one of the oldest patients with the syndrome in the literature to date. We focus on the musculoskeletal anatomy and orthopaedic interventions over her lifetime.

Conclusion:

OSMED is a very rare syndrome. Arthritis and joint pains presented in her early adolescence and progressed to the point of requiring joint replacements by her 20s. Early intervention and monitoring improved the quality of life for this patient.
FORECASTING OF DAMAGES FROM NATURAL HAZARDS FOR THE “NORTHERN CAUCASUS RESORTS” TOURIST CLUSTER
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, BABURIN Vyacheslav , BADINA Svetlana ,   Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2020

The article proposes a methodological approach to potential damage from natural hazards forecasting in case of large-scale investment projects realization in ski tourism planning, as well as to assessing changes in the vulnerability of the territory in which these projects will be implemented. The method was verified on the data of the “Northern Caucasus Resorts” tourist cluster. The study purpose is the creation and verification of a methodology for socio-economic damage predicting in limit values and vulnerability changing in the regions of the “North Caucasus Resorts” tourist cluster objects localization for the long term. Research methods – statistical (a structural approach based on the identification of common structural patterns of several sets). The lack of statistical information on significant parameters for forecasting determine necessitates of using the various logically non-contradictory revaluations based on the identified structural similarities for the calculation of their values within the planning horizon. The study results and main conclusions – in case of the “North Caucasus Resorts” tourist cluster creation the number of people potentially located in avalanche and mudflow danger areas will significantly increase in all of its facilities localization municipalities, which indicate an increase in the individual risk of death level for this territory. The present population in the ski season in some of the most remote and underdeveloped areas can increase up to 30 times. The increment in the value of the fixed assets for the municipalities under consideration will be from two to 90 times, potential damages in limit values will reach tens of billions rubles.
INFLUENCE OF DRILLING RIG DESIGN ON WELL DRILLING EFFICIENCY
Authors:   National Research Technological University “Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys”, ANISCHENKO Vasily , ATRUSHKEVICH Viktor ,   National Research Technological University “Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys”
Published: October 2020

The purpose of research in the extraction of minerals is the development of technologies that will make it possible to drill wells specially designed for the extraction of ores with a length of several kilometers and a diameter of 300 mm to 2 m. The main research method is an experiment, during which drilling of wells by alternative methods under the same conditions is compared according to a single the selected performance criterion. Drilling of wells with an average length of 1500 meters with an end diameter of 295 mm at a depth of 200 to 400 meters was carried out in soft rocky ground in two alternative ways. The productivity of a directional drilling rig is determined by the efficiency of related interconnected processes,the correlation of which is characterized by graphs, for example, the dependence of the load on the bit on the drilling speed. To calculate the load on the drill pipe, Young’s modulus and the moment of inertia of its section were used. The axial force for drilling the well is determined by calculation using experimental data. By modeling in the EXCEL program, the maximum WOB value was determined. To compare the drilling speeds of a traditional rig and a new generation rig, the speed with a 5 ton bit load and a 15 ton bit load is considered, at which, if other things are equal,the ROP increases three times. The drilling speed of wells with an inclined head of the new technology will be 167 m per day versus 105 m with traditional technology, and the operational productivity of drilling with one rig will be 71 m per day versus 51 m. Universal mobile rack rigs with automatic centering of the drill string and mast in vertical and inclined position and gearless hydraulic drive for rotation and movement of the drilling carriage ensure drilling of wells with a horizontal section length of 1500 meters and a diameter of 300 mm.
NMR Investigation of Viscoelastic Surfactant Compatibility with Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Afra S. , Samouei H. , Nasr-El-Din H. A.
Published: October 2020

Viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) have been successfully applied as acid-diversion fluids. However, high-temperature (>200°F), interaction of VES with metallic cations, alcohol-based additives, and chelating agents all interfere with the apparent viscosity of VES-based acid and reduce its efficiency. Even though corrosion inhibitors constitute one of the most essential additives in acidizing, they can interfere with VES. Many other parameters also affect the performance of corrosion inhibitors, including tabular materials, acid types, and concentrations, as well as the presence of other additives that might interfere with the corrosion inhibitors. Hence, a wide range of corrosion inhibitors is available to address corrosion issues adequately. The present study characterizes the interactions of various types of industrial corrosion inhibitors with different types of VES-based systems, including zwitterionic and nonionic surfactants.

In this work, we conducted viscosity measurements on VES-based solutions combined with different concentrations of tested corrosion inhibitor formulae to characterize the rheological properties of the VES-based acids. Visual tests were done to detect any incompatibilities. To understand the nature of the VES interactions with corrosion inhibitors at a temperature range of 78 to 200°F, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was conducted. Corrosion tests were carried out to determine the effects of VES on the performances of corrosion inhibitors.

The results of rheological measurements show that adding different types of corrosion inhibitors, in the industrial concentration range, leads to change in the conformation of micellar structures and rheology of the VES-based solutions. The main interactions/reactions are acid-base reactions and hydrogen bonding. The results of this study also show that the amide part of VES is the leading functional group that can interact with corrosion-inhibitor solutions and cause alternation of micellar structures because of change in the repulsion forces between surfactant headgroups. Corrosion results indicate that the addition of VES solutions would not affect the performance of corrosion inhibitors significantly. The results presented in this study can be used to select corrosion inhibitors more efficiently and optimize their effectiveness in the presence of VES-based fluids. These results can be used to predict any probable interactions and rheological changes in VES-based stimulation fluids because of the addition of corrosion inhibitors.
RET-enhanced measurement of relaxation time constants of LOV2-based optogenetic actuators
Authors: Li Li-Li , Courtney Michael J
Published: October 2020

Optogenetic actuators exist in either active or inactive states. Absorption of light drives transition of the chromophore to the activated state, whereas thermal processes typically cause gradual relaxation to the initial or dark state. Relaxation rates determine how often activation light needs to be applied to maintain the activated state, but this rate is strongly affected by temperature and sequences surrounding the photosensor domain. Application of existing cellular optogenetic actuators and optimization of new ones therefore requires knowledge of the relaxation rates under the experimental conditions in which they are used. When proteins targeted by the actuator do not generate immediately visible responses, alternative methods are required to determine relaxation times. We describe a simple yet sensitive procedure to measure the relaxation rate constant for an optogenetic actuator. By using resonance energy transfer with a fused fluorescent protein tag to detect the change in chromophore state, low amounts of whole cell lysate are sufficient to perform the measurement.
Perceptions of Risk of Attending Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a UK patient and public survey and focus groups
Authors: Pritchard Rebecca , Brady Emer , Chudasama Yogini , Davies Professor Melanie , McCann Professor Gerry
Published: October 2020

We aim to rapidly assess public attitudes to attending hospital across the UK for research purposes and clinical appointments, and attitudes to vaccine research using an online survey and online focus groups. Online surveys offer a rapid and, during a global pandemic, safe way of collecting information about public opinion. However, they are flawed in relying on self-report, and subject to abuse by means of multiple responses from one person or even merely random responses. Sampling methods associated with online surveys require opt-in so respondents are likely to be motivated, and specifically interested in research. Thus the methodology will attract a 'warm' audience when discussing questions about research as is standard in public involvement.Online focus groups with public involvement volunteers will also experience similar issues with generalisability. All online methodologies will exclude those without access to the online world.