bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An inverse anisotropic conductivity problem induced by twisting a homogeneous cylindrical domain
Authors: Choulli Mourad , Soccorsi Éric
Published: June 2015

We consider the inverse problem of determining the unknown function

\alpha: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}

from the DN map associated with the operator div

(A(x',\alpha (x_3))\nabla \cdot)

acting in the infinite straight cylindrical waveguide

\Omega =\omega \times \mathbb{R}

, where

\omega

is a bounded domain of

\mathbb{R}^2

. Here

A=(A_{ij}(x))

,

x=(x',x_3) \in \Omega

, is a matrix-valued metric on

\Omega

obtained by straightening a twisted waveguide. This inverse anisotropic conductivity problem remains generally open, unless the unknown function

\alpha

is assumed to be constant. In this case we prove Lipschitz stability in the determination of

\alpha

from the corresponding DN map. The same result remains valid upon substituting a suitable approximation of the DN map, provided the function

\alpha

is sufficiently close to some
a priori
fixed constant.
Almost-periodic solution of linearized Hasegawa–Wakatani equations with vanishing resistivity
Authors: Kondo Shintaro
Published: June 2015

In this paper we consider the zero-resistivity limit for linearized Hasegawa–Wakatani equations in a cylindrical domain when the initial data are Stepanov-almost-periodic to the axial direction. We prove two results: one is the existence and uniqueness of a strong Stepanov-almost-periodic solution to the initial boundary value problem for linearized Hasegawa–Wakatani equations with zero resistivity; another is the convergence of the solution of linearized Hasegawa–Wakatani equations established in [24] to the solution of the problem studied at the first stage as the resistivity tends to zero. In the proof we obtain two useful lemmas for Stepanov-almost-periodic functions.
Mixed Hodge complexes and higher extensions of mixed Hodge modules on algebraic varieties
Authors: Ivorra Florian
Published: June 2015

In [1, 2] A. Beilinson provides a description of the bounded derived category of polarizable mixed Hodge structures in terms of the more flexible triangulated category of polarizable mixed Hodge complexes. In this work we provide a partial generalization of this result to higher dimension.
Finite $p$-supersoluble groups with some $E$-$S$-supplemented subgroups
Authors: Li Changwen , Yu Xiaolong , Tang Na
Published: June 2015

Let

H

be a subgroup of a group

G

and

H_{eG}

denote the subgroup of

H

generated by all those subgroups of

H

which are

S

-permutably embedded in

G

.

H

is said to be

E

-

S

-supplemented in

G

if there exists a subnormal subgroup

T

of

G

such that

G=HT

and

H\cap T\leq H_{eG}

. In this paper, we investigate the influence of some

E

-

S

-supplemented subgroups on the structure of finite group. Some new characterizations of

p

-supersoluble groups are obtained.
Des $\pi$-exponentielles I: vecteurs de Witt annulés par Frobenius et algorithme de (leur) rayon de convergence
Authors: Richard Rodolphe
Published: June 2015

Our object is the theory of “

\pi

-exponentials” Pulita developed in his thesis, generalising Dwork's and Robba's exponentials and extending Matsuda's work:

We start with an abstract algebra statement about the structure of the kernel of iterations of the Frobenius endomorphism on the ring of Witt vectors

with coordinates in the ring of integers of an ultrametric extension of

\mathbb Q_p

. Provided sufficiently (ramified) roots of unity are available, it is, unexpectedly simply, a principal ideal with respect to an explicit generator essentially given by Pulita's

\pi

-exponential. This result is a consequence and a reformulation of core facts of Pulita's theory. It happened to be simpler to prove directly than reformulating Pulita's results.

Its translation in terms of series is very elementary, and gives a criterion for solvabilty and integrality for

p

-adic exponential series of polynomials. We explain how to deduce an explicit formula of their radius of convergence, and even the function radius of convergence. We recover this way, in elementary terms, with a new proof, and important simplifications, an algorithm of Christol based similarly on Pulita's work. One concrete advantage is: one can easily prove rigorous complexity bounds about the implied algorithm from our explicit formula. We also add there and there refinements and observation, notably hinting some of the finer informations that can also given by the algorithm.

One of the appendix produce a computation which gives finer estimates on the coefficients of these series. It should provide useful in proving complexity bounds for various computational use involving these series. It is not apparent yet in the present work, but should be in latter projected developments, the series under consideration are the base object for some exponential sums on finite fields via

p

-adic approach, namely via rigid cohomology with rank one coefficients.

Convergence radius and coefficients estimates are involved studying the efficiency of computational implementations of these objects. The understanding of convergence radius of

p

-adic differential equations is a subject undergoing active developments, and we here provide a fine theoretical and computational study of the simplest of cases.

This initiate a projected series of articles. We start here, with the case of the affine line as a base space, a Witt vectors paradigm. This provides an alternative purely algebraic approach of Pulita's theory; the richness of Witt vectors theory allow suppleness and efficiency in working with

\pi

-exponentials, which will prove efficient later in the series.
Medical and Indirect Costs Associated with a Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Epidemic in Arizona, 2002–2011
Authors: Drexler Naomi A. , Traeger Marc S. , McQuiston Jennifer H. , Williams Velda , Hamilton Charlene , Regan Joanna J.
Published: June 2015

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is an emerging public health issue on some American Indian reservations in Arizona. RMSF causes an acute febrile illness that, if untreated, can cause severe illness, permanent sequelae requiring lifelong medical support, and death. We describe costs associated with medical care, loss of productivity, and death among cases of RMSF on two American Indian reservations (estimated population 20,000) between 2002 and 2011. Acute medical costs totaled more than $1.3 million. This study further estimated $181,100 in acute productivity lost due to illness, and $11.6 million in lifetime productivity lost from premature death. Aggregate costs of RMSF cases in Arizona 2002–2011 amounted to $13.2 million. We believe this to be a significant underestimate of the cost of the epidemic, but it underlines the severity of the disease and need for a more comprehensive study.
Molecular Detection of Leptospira in Two Returned Travelers: Higher Bacterial Load in Cerebrospinal Fluid Versus Serum or Plasma
Authors: Waggoner Jesse J. , Soda Elizabeth A. , Seibert Ryan , Grant Philip , Pinsky Benjamin A.
Published: June 2015

Leptospirosis is a potentially severe illness in returned travelers. Patients often present with fever, headache, and neck pain, which may lead to a workup for meningitis including the acquisition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although Leptospira DNA has been detected in CSF by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), little data exist regarding the utility of testing CSF in addition to serum or plasma obtained on presentation. In this report, we present two cases of leptospirosis in returned travelers presenting with fever and headache. Our first patient had neutrophilic meningitis, and Leptospira was detectable only in CSF obtained on admission. The second patient had a normal CSF profile, but Leptospira was detected in CSF at a bacterial load 5- to 10-fold higher than that in plasma. CSF is an important specimen for the diagnosis of Leptospira by molecular methods and may yield an actionable diagnosis in the absence of leptospiremia.
Jamestown Canyon Virus Disease in the United States—2000–2013
Authors: Pastula Daniel M. , Hoang Johnson Diep K. , White Jennifer L. , Dupuis Alan P. , Fischer Marc , Staples J. Erin
Published: June 2015

Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a mosquito-borne orthobunyavirus in the California serogroup that can cause an acute febrile illness, meningitis, or meningoencephalitis. We describe epidemiologic and clinical features for JCV disease cases occurring in the United States during 2000–2013. A case of JCV disease was defined as an acute illness in a person with laboratory evidence of a recent JCV infection. During 2000–2013, we identified 31 cases of JCV disease in residents of 13 states. The median age was 48 years (range, 10–69) and 21 (68%) were male. Eleven (35%) case patients had meningoencephalitis, 6 (19%) meningitis, 7 (23%) fever without neurologic involvement, and 7 (23%) had an unknown clinical syndrome. Fifteen (48%) were hospitalized and there were no deaths. Health-care providers and public health officials should consider JCV disease in the differential diagnoses of viral meningitis and encephalitis, obtain appropriate specimens for testing, and report cases to public health authorities.
An Unusual Cause of a Breast Mass in a Patient from China
Authors: Nathavitharana Ruvandhi R. , Fleischmann-Rose Kristin , Yassa David S. , Wertheimer Michael D. , Alonso Carolyn D.
Published: June 2015

Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by Spirometra spp. and often presents as a subcutaneous swelling, most commonly noticed in the abdominal wall or extremities. Amphibians such as frogs ingest infected copepods (crustaceans that have ingested coracidia, i.e., Spirometra spp. embryos) and serve as a secondary intermediate host. Complete surgical excision is recommended for definitive diagnosis and treatment. Granulomatous inflammation is the most common histologic finding. Although dissemination can occur, most cases are localized. Serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been suggested as a potential surveillance tool. Medical therapy with antiparasitic agents, such as praziquantel, is not typically recommended but may be effective at high doses. Preventing recurrence thus depends on adequate surgical removal of the parasite. We report a case of a breast mass caused by sparganosis infection in a Chinese female whose likely exposure was due to frog consumption. The diagnosis was confirmed on surgical excision and no systemic antiparasitic therapy was required.
Formation and chemical aging of secondary organic aerosol during the β-caryophyllene oxidation
Authors: Tasoglou A. , Pandis S. N.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production during the oxidation of β-caryophyllene by ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) and the subsequent chemical aging of the products during reactions with OH were investigated. Experiments were conducted with ozone and with hydroxyl radicals at low NOx (zero added NOx) and at high NOx (hundreds of parts per billion). The SOA mass yield at 10 μg m−3 of organic aerosol was 27% for the ozonolysis, 20% for the reaction with OH at low NOx, and 38% at high NOx under dry conditions, 20 °C, and ozone excess. Parameterizations of the fresh SOA yields have been developed. The average fresh SOA atomic O : C ratio varied from 0.24 to 0.34 depending on the oxidant and the NOx level, while the H : C ratio was close to 1.5 for all systems examined. An average density of 1.06 ± 0.1 μg m−3 of the β-caryophyllene SOA was estimated. The exposure to UV light had no effect on the β-caryophyllene SOA concentration and aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements. The chemical aging of the β-caryophyllene SOA produced was studied by exposing the fresh SOA to high concentrations (107 molecules cm−3) of OH for several hours. These additional reactions increased the SOA concentration by 15–40% and O : C by approximately 25%. A limited number of experiments suggested that there was a significant impact of the relative humidity on the chemical aging of the SOA. The evaporation rates of β-caryophyllene SOA were quantified by using a thermodenuder allowing us to estimate the corresponding volatility distributions and effective vaporization enthalpies.
GPS phase scintillation at high latitudes during geomagnetic storms of 7–17 March 2012 – Part 1: The North American sector
Authors: Prikryl P. , Ghoddousi-Fard R. , Thomas E. G. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Shepherd S. G. , Jayachandran P. T. , Danskin D. W. , Spanswick E. , Zhang Y. , Jiao Y. , Morton Y. T.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The interval of geomagnetic storms of 7–17 March 2012 was selected at the Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES) II Workshop for group study of space weather effects during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24 (Tsurutani et al., 2014). The high-latitude ionospheric response to a series of storms is studied using arrays of GPS receivers, HF radars, ionosondes, riometers, magnetometers, and auroral imagers focusing on GPS phase scintillation. Four geomagnetic storms showed varied responses to solar wind conditions characterized by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind dynamic pressure. As a function of magnetic latitude and magnetic local time, regions of enhanced scintillation are identified in the context of coupling processes between the solar wind and the magnetosphere–ionosphere system. Large southward IMF and high solar wind dynamic pressure resulted in the strongest scintillation in the nightside auroral oval. Scintillation occurrence was correlated with ground magnetic field perturbations and riometer absorption enhancements, and collocated with mapped auroral emission. During periods of southward IMF, scintillation was also collocated with ionospheric convection in the expanded dawn and dusk cells, with the antisunward convection in the polar cap and with a tongue of ionization fractured into patches. In contrast, large northward IMF combined with a strong solar wind dynamic pressure pulse was followed by scintillation caused by transpolar arcs in the polar cap.
GPS phase scintillation at high latitudes during geomagnetic storms of 7–17 March 2012 – Part 2: Interhemispheric comparison
Authors: Prikryl P. , Ghoddousi-Fard R. , Spogli L. , Mitchell C. N. , Li G. , Ning B. , Cilliers P. J. , Sreeja V. , Aquino M. , Terkildsen M. , Jayachandran P. T. , Jiao Y. , Morton Y. T. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Thomas E. G. , Zhang Y. , Weatherwax A. T. , Alfonsi L. , De Franceschi G. , Romano V.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. During the ascending phase of solar cycle 24, a series of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in the period 7–17 March 2012 caused geomagnetic storms that strongly affected high-latitude ionosphere in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. GPS phase scintillation was observed at northern and southern high latitudes by arrays of GPS ionospheric scintillation and TEC monitors (GISTMs) and geodetic-quality GPS receivers sampling at 1 Hz. Mapped as a function of magnetic latitude and magnetic local time (MLT), the scintillation was observed in the ionospheric cusp, the tongue of ionization fragmented into patches, sun-aligned arcs in the polar cap, and nightside auroral oval and subauroral latitudes. Complementing a companion paper (Prikryl et al., 2015a) that focuses on the high-latitude ionospheric response to variable solar wind in the North American sector, interhemispheric comparison reveals commonalities as well as differences and asymmetries between the northern and southern high latitudes, as a consequence of the coupling between the solar wind and magnetosphere. The interhemispheric asymmetries are caused by the dawn–dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field controlling the MLT of the cusp entry of the storm-enhanced density plasma into the polar cap and the orientation relative to the noon–midnight meridian of the tongue of ionization.
Export fluxes in a naturally iron-fertilized area of the Southern Ocean – Part 1: Seasonal dynamics of particulate organic carbon export from a moored sediment trap
Authors: Rembauville M. , Salter I. , Leblond N. , Gueneugues A. , Blain S.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. A sediment trap moored in the naturally iron-fertilized Kerguelen Plateau in the Southern Ocean provided an annual record of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen fluxes at 289 m. At the trap deployment depth, current speeds were typically low (~ 10 cm s−1) and primarily tidal-driven (M2 tidal component). Although advection was weak, the sediment trap may have been subject to hydrodynamical and biological (swimmer feeding on trap funnel) biases. Particulate organic carbon (POC) flux was generally low (< 0.5 mmol m−2 d−1), although two episodic export events (< 14 days) of 1.5 mmol m−2 d−1 were recorded. These increases in flux occurred with a 1-month time lag from peaks in surface chlorophyll and together accounted for approximately 40% of the annual flux budget. The annual POC flux of 98.2 ± 4.4 mmol m−2 yr−1 was low considering the shallow deployment depth but comparable to independent estimates made at similar depths (~ 300 m) over the plateau, and to deep-ocean (> 2 km) fluxes measured from similarly productive iron-fertilized blooms. Although undertrapping cannot be excluded in shallow moored sediment trap deployment, we hypothesize that grazing pressure, including mesozooplankton and mesopelagic fishes, may be responsible for the low POC flux beneath the base of the winter mixed layer. The importance of plankton community structure in controlling the temporal variability of export fluxes is addressed in a companion paper.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from 40 lakes along a north–south latitudinal transect in Alaska
Authors: Sepulveda-Jauregui A. , Walter Anthony K. M. , Martinez-Cruz K. , Greene S. , Thalasso F.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Uncertainties in the magnitude and seasonality of various gas emission modes, particularly among different lake types, limit our ability to estimate methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from northern lakes. Here we assessed the relationship between CH4 and CO2 emission modes in 40 lakes along a latitudinal transect in Alaska to lakes' physicochemical properties and geographic characteristics, including permafrost soil type surrounding lakes. Emission modes included direct ebullition, diffusion, storage flux, and a newly identified ice-bubble storage (IBS) flux. We found that all lakes were net sources of atmospheric CH4 and CO2, but the climate warming impact of lake CH4 emissions was 2 times higher than that of CO2. Ebullition and diffusion were the dominant modes of CH4 and CO2 emissions, respectively. IBS, ~10% of total annual CH4 emissions, is the release to the atmosphere of seasonally ice-trapped bubbles when lake ice confining bubbles begins to melt in spring. IBS, which has not been explicitly accounted for in regional studies, increased the estimate of springtime emissions from our study lakes by 320%. Geographically, CH4 emissions from stratified, mixotrophic interior Alaska thermokarst (thaw) lakes formed in icy, organic-rich yedoma permafrost soils were 6-fold higher than from non-yedoma lakes throughout the rest of Alaska. The relationship between CO2 emissions and geographic parameters was weak, suggesting high variability among sources and sinks that regulate CO2 emissions (e.g., catchment waters, pH equilibrium). Total CH4 emission was correlated with concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus and total nitrogen in lake water, Secchi depth, and lake area, with yedoma lakes having higher nutrient concentrations, shallower Secchi depth, and smaller lake areas. Our findings suggest that permafrost type plays important roles in determining CH4 emissions from lakes by both supplying organic matter to methanogenesis directly from thawing permafrost and by enhancing nutrient availability to primary production, which can also fuel decomposition and methanogenesis.
A latitudinally-banded phytoplankton response to 21st century climate change in the Southern Ocean across the CMIP5 model suite
Authors: Leung S. , Cabré A. , Marinov I.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Changes in Southern Ocean (SO) phytoplankton distributions with future warming have the potential to significantly alter nutrient and carbon cycles as well as higher trophic level productivity both locally and throughout the global ocean. Here we investigate the response of SO phytoplankton productivity and biomass to 21st century climate change across the CMIP5 Earth System Model suite. The models predict a zonally-banded pattern of phytoplankton abundance and production changes within 4 regions: the subtropical (~30° S to 40° S), transitional (~40° S to 50° S), subpolar (~50° S to 65° S) and Antarctic (south of ~65° S) bands. We find that shifts in bottom-up variables (nitrate, iron, and light availability) drive changes in phytoplankton abundance and production on not only interannual, but also decadal and 100-year timescales: the timescales most relevant to climate change. Spatial patterns in the modeled mechanisms driving these biomass trends qualitatively agree with recent observations, though longer-term records are needed to separate the effects of climate change from those of interannual variability. Because much past observational work has focused on understanding the effects of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on biology, future work should attempt to quantify the precise influence of an increasingly positive SAM on SO biology within the CMIP5 models. Continued long-term in-situ and satellite measurements of SO biology are clearly needed to confirm model findings.
Biologically labile photoproducts from riverine non-labile dissolved organic carbon in the coastal waters
Authors: Kasurinen V. , Aarnos H. , Vähätalo A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. In order to assess the production of biologically labile photoproducts (BLPs) from non-labile riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC), we collected water samples from ten major rivers, removed labile DOC and mixed the residual non-labile DOC with artificial seawater for microbial and photochemical experiments. Bacteria grew on non-labile DOC with a growth efficiency of 11.5% (mean; range from 3.6 to 15.3%). Simulated solar radiation transformed a part of non-labile DOC into BLPs, which stimulated bacterial respiration and production, but did not change bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) compared to the non-irradiated dark controls. In the irradiated water samples, the amount of BLPs stimulating bacterial production depended on the photochemical bleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The apparent quantum yields for BLPs supporting bacterial production ranged from 9.5 to 76 (mean 39) (μmol C mol photons−1) at 330 nm. The corresponding values for BLPs supporting bacterial respiration ranged from 57 to 1204 (mean 320) (μmol C mol photons−1). According to the calculations based on spectral apparent quantum yields and local solar radiation, the annual production of BLPs ranged from 21 (St. Lawrence) to 584 (Yangtze) mmol C m−2 yr−1 in the plumes of the examined rivers. Complete photobleaching of riverine CDOM in the coastal ocean was estimated to produce 10.7 Mt C BLPs yr−1 from the rivers examined in this study and globally 38 Mt yr−1 (15% of riverine DOC flux from all rivers), which support 4.1 Mt yr−1 of bacterial production and 33.9 Mt yr−1 bacterial respiration.
Data on geochemical and hydraulic properties of a characteristic confined/unconfined aquifer system of the younger Pleistocene in northeast Germany
Authors: Merz C. , Steidl J.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The paper presents a database of hydrochemical and hydraulic groundwater measurements of a younger Pleistocene multilayered, unconfined/confined aquifer system in NE Germany. The Institute of Landscape Hydrology of the Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) operates seven groundwater monitoring wells in the Quillow catchment located in the Uckermark region (federal state of Brandenburg, Germany). From July 2000 to March 2014, water samples were collected periodically on different days of the year and at depths between 3 and 5 m (shallow wells) and 16 and 24 m (deeper wells) below the surface. The parameters pH value, redox potential, electric conductivity, water temperature, oxygen content, spectral absorption coefficient and concentration of hydrogen carbonate, ammonium, phosphate, chloride, bromide, nitrite, sulfate, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcite, dissolved organic carbon, iron(II) and manganese were determined for each sample (doi:10.4228/ZALF.2000.266). The measurements, taken over a period of 14 years, include a high variation of hydraulic situations represented by a corresponding database of 19 000 recorded groundwater heads. The hydraulic head was measured between 2000 and 2014 (doi:10.4228/ZALF.2000.272).
Mass-conserving subglacial hydrology in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model version 0.6
Authors: Bueler E. , van Pelt W.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. We describe and test a two-horizontal-dimension subglacial hydrology model which combines till with a distributed system of water-filled, linked cavities which open through sliding and close through ice creep. The addition of this sub-model to the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) accomplishes three specific goals: (a) conservation of the mass of water, (b) simulation of spatially and temporally variable basal shear stress from physical mechanisms based on a minimal number of free parameters, and (c) convergence under grid refinement. The model is a common generalization of four others: (i) the undrained plastic bed model of Tulaczyk et al. (2000b), (ii) a standard "routing" model used for identifying locations of subglacial lakes, (iii) the lumped englacial–subglacial model of Bartholomaus et al. (2011), and (iv) the elliptic-pressure-equation model of Schoof et al. (2012). We preserve physical bounds on the pressure. In steady state a functional relationship between water amount and pressure emerges. We construct an exact solution of the coupled, steady equations and use it for verification of our explicit time stepping, parallel numerical implementation. We demonstrate the model at scale by 5 year simulations of the entire Greenland ice sheet at 2 km horizontal resolution, with one million nodes in the hydrology grid.
Integrated seismic risk analysis using simple weighting method: the case of residential Eskişehir, Turkey
Authors: Pekkan E. , Tun M. , Guney Y. , Mutlu S.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. A large part of the residential areas in Turkey are at risk from earthquakes. The main factors that threaten residential areas during an earthquake are poor quality building stock and soil problems. Liquefaction, loss of bearing capacity, amplification, slope failure, and landslide hazards must be taken into account for residential areas that are close to fault zones and covered with younger sediments. Analyzing these hazards separately and then combining the analyses would ensure a more realistic risk evaluation according to population density than analyzing several risks based on a single parameter. In this study, an integrated seismic risk analysis of central Eskişehir was performed based on two earthquake related parameters, liquefaction and amplification. The analysis used a simple weighting method. Other earthquake-related problems such as loss of bearing capacity, landslides, and slope failures are not significant for Eskişehir because of the geological and the topographical conditions of the region. According to the integrated seismic risk analysis of the Eskişehir residential area, the populated area is found to be generally at medium to high risk during a potential earthquake.
Snowfall in the Himalayas: an uncertain future from a little-known past
Authors: Viste E. , Sorteberg A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Snow and ice provide large amounts of meltwater to the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. This study combines present-day observations and reanalysis data with climate model projections to estimate the amount of snow falling over the basins today and in the last decades of the 21st century. Estimates of present-day snowfall based on a combination of temperature and precipitation from reanalysis data and observations vary by factors of 2–4. The spread is large, not just between the reanalysis and the observations but also between the different observational data sets. With the strongest anthropogenic forcing scenario (RCP8.5), the climate models project reductions in annual snowfall by 30–50% in the Indus Basin, 50–60% in the Ganges Basin and 50–70% in the Brahmaputra Basin by 2071–2100. The reduction is due to increasing temperatures, as the mean of the models show constant or increasing precipitation throughout the year in most of the region. With the strongest anthropogenic forcing scenario, the mean elevation where rain changes to snow – the rain/snow line – creeps upward by 400–900 m, in most of the region by 700–900 meters. The largest relative change in snowfall is seen in the upper westernmost sub-basins of the Brahmaputra. With the strongest forcing scenario, most of this region will have temperatures above freezing, especially in the summer. The projected reduction in annual snowfall is 65–75%. In the upper Indus, the effect of a warmer climate on snowfall is less extreme, as most of the terrain is high enough to have temperatures sufficiently far below freezing today. A 20–40% reduction in annual snowfall is projected.
Competência em Informação: conceitos, características e desafios
Authors: Gasque Kelley Cristine Gonçalves Dias
Published: June 2015

A Profa. Dra. Kelley Cristine Gonçalves Dias Gasque, especialista em competência informacional, aborda e esclarece distintos conceitos desta temática ainda em construção, apresentando um breve histórico e os principais modelos aceitos para o desenvolvimento da competência informacional em ambientes os mais diversos; e suas consequências para os indivíduos envolvidos. A Dra. Kelley Cristine complementa suas considerações explorando os efeitos do big data e do linked data nos processos de aprendizagem contínua e fornece interessantes insights para a temática nos próximos 5-10 anos.
Coleta de informações em estudos sociais: abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas para analisar centros de referência de atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência
Authors: Novellino Maria Salet Ferreira , Tavares Rosimeri Silva de Santana
Published: June 2015

Introdução: relata experiência de pesquisa que explora três diferentes abordagens metodológicas na análise de Centros de Referência de Atendimento às Mulheres em Situação de Violência com o objetivo de verificar a qualidade dos serviços prestados e identificar as práticas existentes. Método: inicialmente definiu-se “Centros de Referência de Atendimento às Mulheres em Situação de Violência” com base em Norma específica da Secretaria Especial de Políticas para as Mulheres. Além da definição, este documento normativo descreve a estrutura e as ações desses Centros. A partir dessas definições, estabeleceram-se indicadores de análise da qualidade desses serviços. Utilizaram-se três abordagens, a saber: a abordagem quantitativa, apoiada em dados secundários retirados do Perfil dos Municípios Brasileiros (publicação do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística); uma segunda abordagem quantitativa, com dados primários coletados em questionário enviado por correio eletrônico a uma amostra de Centros apoiada no critério de porte do município; e abordagem qualitativa (etnográfica), envolvendo coordenadores e equipe técnica dos Centros. Resultados: a análise dos dados secundários possibilitou delinear uma visão geral dos Centros. A análise dos dados primários permitiu avançar na identificação das práticas exercidas nos Centros, embora não de forma aprofundada. O estudo etnográfico identificou práticas desenvolvidas nos Centros sob a percepção dos coordenadores e equipes que ali atuam.  Conclusões: Os cruzamentos e complementações das abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa enriqueceram a coleta de dados, permitindo o aprofundamento das etapas de descrição e análise do tema proposto, o que reforça o uso de metodologias e técnicas mistas de recolha de informações em estudos na área de Ciências Sociais.
Influência das exigências legais e da Teoria da Administração na estrutura de tipos documentais em organizações
Authors: Pazin Vitoriano Marcia Cristina De Carvalho
Published: June 2015

Introdução: Apresenta uma discussão sobre a criação e manutenção de modelos e fórmulas documentais ao longo do último século nas organizações privadas, sob os condicionantes da exigência legal e da Teoria da Administração. Método: Pesquisa de base documental, pautada na análise de três tipos documentais utilizados em organizações: diário geral, folha de pagamento e folder/folheto institucional. Resultados: São apresentadas e discutidas questões ligadas à regulação das atividades documentais por Lei, a influência da função administrativa de controle para analisar as permanências dos documentos, e as mudanças em tipos documentais mais comumente encontrados em arquivos privados. Conclusão: As estruturas presentes nos documentos de arquivo são influenciadas pelas exigências legais na medida em que, ao estabelecerem obrigações e fórmulas para estruturação da informação, produzem tipos documentais específicos, assim como os métodos e técnicas preconizadas pela Teoria da Administração refletem tanto na manutenção de tipos de documentos mais tradicionais quanto na criação de novas fórmulas.
Changes in Quality Attributes During Storage of Litchi Juice Treated With Dimethyl Dicarbonate (DMDC) and Nisin
Authors: Guo Huanli , Yu Yuanshan , Xiao Gengsheng , Xu Yujuan , Wu Jijun
Published: June 2015

The aim of this work was to evaluate the change in the quality of litchi juice treated by DMDC combined with Nisin during storage of 4 °C. Results found that addition of 250 mg/L of DMDC combined with 100 IU/mL of Nisin can ensure the microbiological safe of litchi juice during storage at 4 °C. Compare with heat treatment (95°C, 1 min), the treatment of DMDC combined with Nisin can retain a more value of sensory attributes, but a more loss in the content of total phenolics, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant capacity was observed during storage at 4 °C because of the ineffectiveness of DMDC and Nisin to the oxidase of litchi juice. Moreover, no significant change (P > 0.05) was observed in the value of L∗, a∗, b∗, and △E in the heat-treated litchi juice, and yet the litchi juice treated by DMDC and Nisin gradually turned into light red at the end of storage because of the oxidation of phenolics by residual POD in the litchi juice, which resulted in a significant changes (P < 0.05) in the value of L∗, a∗, b∗, and △E in the litchi juice. This study would provide technical support for commercial application of DMDC combined with Nisin in litchi juice processing.
Erfrecht in de onderwereld (deel 2)
Authors: van der Geld L.A.G.M.
Published: June 2015

Erfrecht in de onderwereld (deel 2)

Erfgenamen kunnen worden geconfronteerd met door erflater gepleegde fraude, zoals bijstandsfraude en belastingfraude. Wat betekent dat voor de nalatenschap? Erfgenamen kunnen ook zelf fraude plegen door bijvoorbeeld vermogen te blijven verzwijgen en daarover geen aangifte te doen. Deel 2 van een drieluik over erfrecht in de onderwereld.
Goblet Cell Carcinoid Tumor, Mixed Goblet Cell Carcinoid-Adenocarcinoma, and Adenocarcinoma of the Appendix: Comparison of Clinicopathologic Features and Prognosis
Authors: Taggart Melissa W. , Abraham Susan C. , Overman Michael J. , Mansfield Paul F. , Rashid Asif
Published: June 2015

Context

The prognosis of appendiceal goblet cell carcinoid tumors (GCTs) is believed to be intermediate between appendiceal adenocarcinomas and conventional carcinoid tumors. However, GCTs can have mixed morphologic patterns, with variable amount of adenocarcinoma.

Objective

To evaluate the behavior of GCTs and related entities with variable components of adenocarcinoma.

Design

We classified 74 cases of appendiceal tumors into 3 groups: group 1, GCTs or GCTs with less than 25% adenocarcinoma; group 2, GCTs with 25% to 50% adenocarcinoma; group 3, GCTs with more than 50% adenocarcinoma; and a comparison group of 68 adenocarcinomas without a GCT component (group 4). Well-differentiated mucinous adenocarcinomas were excluded. Clinicopathologic features and follow-up were obtained from computerized medical records and the US Social Security Death Index.

Results

Of the 142 tumors studied, 23 tumors (16%) were classified as group 1; 27 (19%) as group 2; 24 (17%) as group 3; and 68 (48%) as group 4. Staging and survival differed significantly among these groups. Among 140 patients (99%) with available staging data, stages II, III, and IV were present in 87%, 4%, and 4% of patients in group 1 patients; 67%, 7%, and 22% of patients in group 2; 29%, 4%, and 67% of patients in group 3; and 19%, 6%, and 75% of patients in group 4, respectively (P = .01). Mean (SD) overall survival was 83.8 (34.6), 60.6 (30.3), 45.6 (39.7), and 33.6 (27.6) months for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P = .01). By multivariate analysis, only stage and tumor category were independent predictors of overall survival.

Conclusion

Our data highlight the importance of subclassifying the proportion of adenocarcinoma in appendiceal tumors with GCT morphology because that finding reflects disease stage and affects survival.
Metaplastic Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: McKinnon Elizabeth , Xiao Philip
Published: June 2015

Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast is a rare but aggressive type of breast cancer that has been recognized as a unique pathologic entity by the World Health Organization. Morphologically, it is characterized by the differentiation of neoplastic epithelium into squamous cells and/or mesenchymal-looking elements (squamous cells, spindle cells, cartilage or bone, etc). It shares many similarities with invasive ductal carcinoma and benign lesions on mammography, which further complicates the diagnosis. Treatment for metaplastic breast carcinoma is relatively unknown because of the rarity of the disease, but studies suggest that removal of the tumor and adjuvant radiation therapy has the greatest benefit.
Gastric Pyloric Gland Adenoma
Authors: Pezhouh Maryam Kherad , Park Jason Y.
Published: June 2015

Pyloric gland adenomas are rare neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric pyloric gland adenomas have been shown to arise in chronically damaged mucosa. The neoplastic glands have gastric pyloric gland differentiation and have a tightly packed organization with occasional cystic dilatation. The individual cells are cuboidal to columnar, with eosinophilic to amphophilic cytoplasm and either no apical mucin cap or a poorly formed apical mucin cap. The nuclei are round to oval, with occasional prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells label with markers of gastric pyloric gland differentiation, including MUC6 and MUC5AC. There is limited information regarding the natural history of pyloric gland adenomas, but clinical series have described adenocarcinomas in association with gastric pyloric gland adenomas. The ideal clinical management is adequate sampling of the lesion to investigate for high-grade dysplasia and/or invasive cancer and recommendation to clinical colleagues to investigate the background mucosa for the etiology of chronic gastritis as well as potential additional neoplastic lesions. This review will focus on gastric pyloric gland adenomas.
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Luminal Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Grin Andrea , Streutker Catherine J.
Published: June 2015

Context

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the gastrointestinal tract have been recognized for more than a century. Despite histologic similarities between different sites in the tract, behavior varies between areas. All of these tumors have malignant potential, but determination of exact risk is difficult.

Objectives

To review the diagnosis of luminal gastrointestinal NETs, including a discussion of grading. Grading by mitotic index/activity, in conjunction with tumor size/stage, has been found to be the strongest predictor of behavior.

Data Sources

Literature review of luminal gastrointestinal NETs was performed and the results summarized.

Conclusions

Our understanding of these lesions is incomplete and continues to evolve.
Sur les dimensions constitutives de la citoyenneté
Authors: Rocher François
Published: June 2015

Cette étude analyse les conceptions divergentes touchant les obligations et les devoirs de la société d’accueil à l’endroit des minorités racisées. Notre premier objectif est de montrer que les principales voix s’exprimant au nom de ces minorités ne cherchent pas à court-circuiter le processus d’intégration qu’envisagent à leur égard les Québécois dits « de souche ». Notre deuxième objectif s’inscrit dans une perspective plus large dans la mesure où nous nous proposons de mener une réflexion sur la conceptualisation et de la (re)négociation de la citoyenneté en contexte québécois. Les dimensions constitutives de la citoyenneté ont été largement débattues lors de la « crise des accommodements raisonnables ». C’est donc ce moment particulier qui sera étudié à la lumière des mémoires déposés devant la commission Bouchard-Taylor par les associations représentant les minorités racisées et religieuses.
Stochastic modelling, Bayesian inference, and new in vivo measurements elucidate the debated mtDNA bottleneck mechanism
Authors: Johnston Iain G , Burgstaller Joerg P , Havlicek Vitezslav , Kolbe Thomas , Rülicke Thomas , Brem Gottfried , Poulton Jo , Jones Nick S
Published: June 2015

Dangerous damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be ameliorated during mammalian development through a highly debated mechanism called the mtDNA bottleneck. Uncertainty surrounding this process limits our ability to address inherited mtDNA diseases. We produce a new, physically motivated, generalisable theoretical model for mtDNA populations during development, allowing the first statistical comparison of proposed bottleneck mechanisms. Using approximate Bayesian computation and mouse data, we find most statistical support for a combination of binomial partitioning of mtDNAs at cell divisions and random mtDNA turnover, meaning that the debated exact magnitude of mtDNA copy number depletion is flexible. New experimental measurements from a wild-derived mtDNA pairing in mice confirm the theoretical predictions of this model. We analytically solve a mathematical description of this mechanism, computing probabilities of mtDNA disease onset, efficacy of clinical sampling strategies, and effects of potential dynamic interventions, thus developing a quantitative and experimentally-supported stochastic theory of the bottleneck.
As implicações dos sistemas econômicos e de mercado para a sociedade e a natureza
Authors: Furlan Ecker Daiana Aparecida , Perondi Miguel Angelo , De Mello Nilvânia Aparecida
Published: June 2015

O artigo apresenta algumas considerações a respeito da implantação do mercado e do sistema autorregulável e as transformações pelas quais a sociedade passou em decorrência da fixação de um sistema econômico baseado na autorregulação. A pesquisa consistiu em um estudo com base em concepções oriundas principalmente de Polanyi (2000) e Leff (2010). Inicialmente, apresentam-se algumas considerações sobre o funcionamento de uma organização social sem a interferência do mercado e, posteriormente, busca-se perceber como se organiza uma sociedade que comporta um sistema de mercado, permitindo entender como foi, a partir do século XIX, o processo de implantação de um sistema autorregulável. Após tais considerações, se apreendem algumas das mudanças ocorridas diante de tais transformações econômicas, as quais se fazem presentes na atualidade, apontando essencialmente as consequências da degradação ambiental provenientes da conexão entre sociedade e natureza impelidas ao acúmulo de capital.

Código JEL | P11; P21; Q58.
Os conflitos pela terra no Amapá: uma análise sobre a violência institucionalizada no campo
Authors: Lomba Roni Mayer , Silva Júnior Gomes da
Published: June 2015

O texto aborda a dinâmica dos conflitos fundiários no Estado do Amapá. O trabalho resgata a gênese desse processo, apresentado pela política e pela mídia como uma relação pacífica no campo. Na realidade, contudo, o Amapá constitui um dos estados da Federação com significativas incidências de disputas por terra. Para a realização da pesquisa foram coletados dados, especialmente, da Comissão Pastoral da Terra, por meio dos seus registros anuais (Conflitos no Campo); mas também foram realizados levantamentos sobre a dinâmica do campesinato e sua recriação no Amapá. Ficou constatado que a violência no campo está instaurada pela disputa entre camponeses (posseiros, ribeirinhos, extrativistas e quilombolas) e grandes empresas (mineradoras, silvicultoras e agropecuárias), envolvendo inclusive o próprio Estado, responsável pela criação de grandes áreas de preservação sem a regularização necessária.

Código JEL | Q24; Q58; R14.
A Rapidly Growing Epidermoid Cyst in an Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen Treated by Laparoscopic Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy: Case Report
Authors: Kumamoto Yusuke , Kaizu Takashi , Tajima Hiroshi , Kubo Hidefumi , Nishiyama Ryo , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: June 2015

Epidermoid cysts arising in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen are exceedingly rare; furthermore, the natural course of them is hardly known. We report a case correctly diagnosed with epidermoid cyst in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen, followed by 1 year of observation, that underwent surgical treatment. The patient presented with diarrhea. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a pancreatic cyst 20 mm in diameter, surrounded by a solid component showing the same enhancement as the spleen, suggesting the presence of an epidermoid cyst in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen. One year later, back discomfort developed and a CT scan revealed that the cyst had grown to 38 mm in diameter. To obtain a definitive diagnosis, we performed a laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy. The histopathological diagnosis was compatible with an epidermoid cyst in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen, which is benign. The postoperative course was uneventful. This case demonstrates that an epidermoid cyst arising in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen can rapidly grow, even if it is benign. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy can be a useful procedure, with the advantages of low invasiveness and organ preservation, for the treatment of benign or low-grade malignant tumors located in the pancreatic body or tail.
Synthesis of Site‐Specifically Phosphate‐Caged siRNAs
Authors: Wu Li , Wang Jie , Tang Xinjing
Published: June 2015

Photolabile small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotide duplexes are becoming a powerful tool for photoregulation of gene expression through an RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism. Terminal or statistical labeling of siRNAs has been previously achieved. Recently, we have shown a new strategy for site‐specific incorporation of a photolabile group (1‐(2‐nitrophenyl)ethyl [NPE]) at any phosphate position of siRNA strands for photomodulation of their gene‐silencing activity. In this unit, we first describe in detail the syntheses of four new NPE protected nucleoside phosphoramidites (dA0
, dG0
, dC0
, dT0
) and 2‐cyanoethyl‐1‐(2‐nitrophenyl)ethyl‐N,N′‐diisopropylphosphoramidite (N0
). They are then site specifically incorporated into any position of RNA oligonucleotides according to standard phosphoramidite chemistry. Phosphate‐caged siRNA duplexes are then prepared by hybridization of single‐stranded RNAs containing the 1‐(2‐nitrophenyl)ethyl caging moiety on the phosphate group with their complementary RNA. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.