bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
YIPF3 and YIPF4 regulate autophagic turnover of the Golgi apparatus
Authors: Kitta Shinri , Kaminishi Tatsuya , Higashi Momoko , Shima Takayuki , Nishino Kohei , Nakamura Nobuhiro , Kosako Hidetaka , Yoshimori Tamotsu , Kuma Akiko
Published: May 2024

The degradation of organelles by autophagy is essential for cellular homeostasis. The Golgi apparatus has recently been demonstrated to be degraded by autophagy, but little is known about how the Golgi is recognized by the forming autophagosome. Using quantitative proteomic analysis and two novel Golgiphagy reporter systems, we found that the five-pass transmembrane Golgi-resident proteins YIPF3 and YIPF4 constitute a Golgiphagy receptor. The interaction of this complex with LC3B, GABARAP, and GABARAPL1 is dependent on a LIR motif within YIPF3 and putative phosphorylation sites immediately upstream; the stability of the complex is governed by YIPF4. Expression of a YIPF3 protein containing a mutated LIR motif caused an elongated Golgi morphology, indicating the importance of Golgi turnover via selective autophagy. The reporter assays reported here may be readily adapted to different experimental contexts to help deepen our understanding of Golgiphagy.
Piezo-photocatalytic reduction of nitrates to N2 over silver dispersed on BaTiO3@TiO2
Authors: Luo Hongjie , Shu Guoqiang , Guo Shanhong , Kuang Xia , Zhao Changming , Zhou Chang-An , Wang Chao , Song Lei , Ma Kui , Yue Hairong
Published: May 2024

Piezo-photocatalytic nitrate reduction to N2 was realized for the first time. The piezoelectric-induced built-in electric field causes energy band tilting, leading to generating electrons with high reducibility to directly reduce NO3− to ˙NO32−.
Cucurbit[7]uril as the host of adamantane-modified dyes for fluorescence enhancement in aqueous environments
Authors: Liu Hong-Jiao , Chen Guo-Wei , Sun Ru , Ge Jian-Feng
Published: May 2024

The fluorescence of adamantane-modified dyes in water was considerably enhanced via host–guest interactions upon including just a couple of equivalents of CB[7].
Metalated covalent organic frameworks as efficient catalysts for multicomponent tandem reactions
Authors: Kan Xuan , Wang Jian-Cheng , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: May 2024

This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the types of MCOF-based catalysts and their applications in multicomponent tandem reactions.
Organoboron based photochromic gelator
Authors: Zhang Tongtong , Zhao Zhenhui , Yin Xiaodong , Wang Nan
Published: May 2024

Integrating photochromic boron unit into peptide-gelators endows the supramolecular gels with photoactive functionality while preserving stability.
Surfactant-controlled switchable oxygenation of sulfides to sulfoxides or sulfones under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Yi Rongnan , Wu Yan , Chen Junhao , Wu Ting , Chen Jin-Yang
Published: May 2024

A visible-light induced selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides or sulfones was reported at ambient temperature in H2O under catalyst-free conditions, using oxygen as a green oxidant.
Reflections on the 90th Harden Conference
Authors: Ollett Lucy
Published: May 2024

The 90th Harden Conference: European Cytoskeletal Forum: BSCB-Biochemical Society 2024 Cell Migration meeting took place at the Edgbaston Park Hotel in Birmingham between 15 and 18 April 2024. Providing an invaluable platform for the cell migration community, the Biochemical Society, the British Society for Cell Biology and the European Cytoskeletal Forum curated an exciting programme of established experts and young researchers to develop understanding of fundamental cell behaviour in contexts relevant to health and disease. Here, we will reflect on some of the highlights from this meeting and showcase the cutting-edge research being undertaken in this field.
Uncovering Gender-Specific and Cross-Gender Features in Mandarin Deception: An Acoustic and Electroglottographic Approach
Authors: Wu Hao-Yu
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to investigate the acoustic and electroglottographic (EGG) profiles of Mandarin deception, including global characteristics and the influence of gender.

Method:

Thirty-six Mandarin speakers participated in an interactive interview game in which they provided both deceptive and truthful answers to 14 biographical questions. Acoustic and EGG signals of the participants' responses were simultaneously recorded; 20 acoustic and 14 EGG features were analyzed using binary logistic regression models.

Results:

Increases in fundamental frequency (
F
0) mean, intensity mean, first formant (F1), fifth formant (F5), contact quotient (CQ), decontacting-time quotient (DTQ), and contact index (CI) as well as decreases in jitter, shimmer, harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), and fourth formant (F4) were significantly correlated with global deception. Cross-gender features included increases in intensity mean and F5 and decreases in jitter, HNR, and F4, whereas gender-specific features encompassed increases in
F
0 mean, shimmer, F1, third formant, and DTQ, as well as decreases in
F
0 maximum and CQ for female deception, and increases in CQ and CI and decreases in shimmer for male deception.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that Mandarin deception could be tied to underlying pragmatic functions, emotional arousal, decreased glottal contact skewness, and more pressed phonation. Disparities in gender-specific features lend support to differences in the use of pragmatics, levels of deception-induced emotional arousal, skewness of glottal contact patterns, and phonation types.
Exploring the Influence of Extended High-Frequency Hearing on Cochlear Functioning at Lower Frequencies
Authors: Mishra Srikanta K. , Rodrigo Hansapani , Balan Jithin R.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Diminished basal cochlear function, as indicated by elevated hearing thresholds in the extended high frequencies (EHFs), has been associated with lower levels of click-evoked and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions measured at lower frequencies. However, stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) at low-probe levels are reflection-source emissions that do not share the same generation mechanism as distortion-source emissions. The primary objective of the present study was to examine the influence of hearing thresholds in the EHFs on SFOAEs measured at lower frequencies.

Method:

SFOAEs were recorded from both ears in 45 individuals with normal hearing thresholds in the conventional audiometric frequencies (0.25–8 kHz). Hearing thresholds were also measured at EHFs (10, 12.5, and 16 kHz). SFOAE magnitudes and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were averaged across 1, 2, and 4 kHz probe frequencies and also averaged for high-probe frequencies (2 and 4 kHz).

Results:

SFOAE magnitudes and SNRs were significantly higher for ears with better EHF hearing relative to poorer EHF hearing, categorized based on the median split. In addition, hearing in the EHFs significantly contributed to the variance in all SFOAE measures, except for the high-frequency SFOAE magnitudes model. However, hearing thresholds at the probe frequencies did not significantly contribute to the variance in SFOAEs.

Conclusions:

The study findings suggest that alterations in the basal cochlea, as revealed by EHF hearing thresholds, could be associated with diminished cochlear functioning in relatively apical regions, shown by SFOAEs at lower frequencies, in individuals with normal audiograms. These findings underscore the significance of considering EHF thresholds in audiological evaluations, as alterations in these frequencies may reflect broader cochlear health status.
Research of food additives and their detection technology
Authors: Gao Yuzhu
Published: May 2024

Given the critical role food additives play in both public health and biomedicine, it's essential to prevent microbial contamination in food processing, which necessitates the careful use of additives to safeguard health. In order to avoid microbial contamination during food preparation and consumption, manufacturers need to add food additives. However, the overdose of food additives would affect health. Food additives need to be detected and controlled. Four commonly used detection methods, namely highperformance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, thin layer chromatography and electrochemical analysis, and two combined detection methods, namely LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, are listed in this paper. High separation efficiency, selectivity, and sensitivity are all advantages of highperformance liquid chromatography. But the analysis time is longer than that of gas chromatography. The operation of thin-layer chromatography is simple and the color is convenient. The combined detection techniques of LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS were compared. This article summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used detection method and combined detection methods. It is concluded that the precision of the combined method is higher, but the equipment and process of detection are complicated.
Integrating Nanocomposites and Biosensors: Towards an Intelligent Food Packaging System
Authors: Guo Yuxuan , Qiu Yuqi , Chen Zisen
Published: May 2024

This paper delves into the transformative role of nanotechnology in food packaging, focusing on biosensors and nanocomposites. It highlights their potential to enhance food safety by detecting microbial contaminants and improving nutrient retention, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional packaging materials with their biodegradability. Despite facing challenges such as biosensor limitations and nanoparticle migration, the paper proposes an innovative integration of indicators within packaging systems and possible methods to address challenges to advance intelligent food packaging. It underscores the necessity for further research to address these challenges, ensuring the safety and efficacy of these novel packaging solutions.
Preparation of lipid nanoparticles by micro-mixer Process simulation and experimental study
Authors: Li Bing , Miao Hao , Tong Zhenbo
Published: May 2024

Controlling the sizes of liposomes is critical in drug delivery systems because it directly influences their cellular uptake, transportation, and accumulation behaviour. Although micro-mixer has frequently been employed when synthesizing nano‑sized liposomes, little is known regarding how flow characteristics determine liposome formation. The mixing performance of a three-dimensional micromixer with a herringbone groove structure was studied by numerical analysis, and its structure was optimized. The model was verified by simulation and experiment. In the herringbone groove structure, excellent mixing index can be achieved by split-recombination and chaotic advection mechanism. The results show that the mixing index increases with the increase of Reynolds number, and the mixing is very sensitive to the shape of the groove, which can be used for mixing control in microdevices.
Innate immune response of host cells infected with Salmonella
Authors: Fan Hongfei , Lu Juane , Wu Hao , Ruan Haihua , Song Wenjun
Published: May 2024

Salmonella is one of the most common pathogenic bacteria with a wide range of hosts and can be transmitted by various routes, infecting animals and humans and causing a range of gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. The innate immune system acts as the frontline defense against pathogenic bacteria, triggering inflammatory and antimicrobial responses by coordinating multiple signaling pathways through host pattern recognition receptors. The success of Salmonella infection is largely dependent on the host’s innate immune defense. This article reviews the process of Salmonella infection and the innate immune defense response of host cells infected with Salmonella.
Advances in microcirculation monitoring and physical factor therapy techniques in diabetic foot
Authors: Ma Jinlong , Cui Jinjiang , Xu Jiangen , Fang Yinpeng , Liu Zhuang , Zhang Hualiang , Yang Wen
Published: May 2024

Diabetic foot is one of the most severe complications of diabetes. It is caused by high blood sugar, resulting in combined neuropathy and various degrees of peripheral vascular disease, leading to local microcirculation disorders. This condition can trigger infections, ulcers, and deep tissue damage in the lower limbs. In severe cases, gangrene may occur, leading to amputation. Therefore, timely microcirculation monitoring of the feet in diabetic patients can help detect early blood supply issues. Prompt and effective intervention and treatment for diabetic patients with microcirculation disorders in the feet can prevent the occurrence and development of diabetic foot. Physical factor therapy utilizes various forms of physical energy to induce reactions in the body, such as dilating blood vessels, increasing blood flow, and promoting tissue blood supply. Simultaneously, it stimulates nerves and muscles, aiding in improving nerve conduction and promoting nerve regeneration. This helps prevent and improve microcirculation disorders in diabetic feet. This article outlines the microcirculation disorders in diabetic feet, along with monitoring and treatment methods. It focuses on the principles and efficacy of common physical factor methods for microcirculation intervention, as well as research advancements in their clinical application for diabetic foot. This information serves as a reference for the treatment and adjunctive research of diabetic foot.
Experimental study on the mechanism of curcumin inhibiting the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2
Authors: Yuting Du , Bing Xu , Yumin Huang
Published: May 2024

Objective: The purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of Curcumin (Cur) on the proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, and to explore its mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Methods: The experiment was divided into control group and Cur group. The HepG2 cultured human hepatoma cells were treated with Cur solution of different concentrations. The inhibitory effect of Cur on the proliferation of HepG2 cells was detected by MTT assay. The apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution of CUR-induced HepG2 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with the control group, the growth of HepG2 cells was inhibited by Cur in a concentration-dependent manner. Apoptosis by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with the control group, the growth of HepG2 cells was inhibited by Cur in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rates of the control group and the Cur group were 0.3%, 18.0%, 24.7% and 86.9%, respectively, showing a dose-dependent relationship. Cell cycle detection showed that in the control group and Cur concentration groups, the proportion of S phase was 24.11%, 32.68%, 37.75%, 42.10%, respectively. The apoptosis percentage was most obvious in S phase, and cells were blocked in S phase. Compared with control group, with the increase of Cur concentration. Conclusion: Curcumin may inhibit the proliferation of human hepatoma cells HepG2 by preventing cell division and inducing cell apoptosis.
Analysis of genetic mechanisms, clinical characteristics and pathological changes in familial Alzheimer’s disease and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Deng Jiaju , Gao Xing
Published: May 2024

With the development of modern public health endeavors, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has emerged as an undeniable factor among the aging population. Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) constitute the two primary classifications of Alzheimer's pathology. Through a comparison of their genetic mechanisms, clinical characteristics, and pathological changes, the intention is to unveil the distinctions and similarities between these two types. Research suggests that despite the presence of similar clinical manifestations in both types of Alzheimer's disease, there are significant differences in their genetic backgrounds and pathological features. A comprehensive understanding of the divergences and commonalities between FAD and SAD contributes to a deeper comprehension of the etiological mechanisms and clinical management of AD.
Design of POCT Testing Device for Fluorescence Immunochromatography
Authors: Wang Tingting , Niu Chao , Yu Jie , Yu Yuanhua
Published: May 2024

This study is based on fluorescence immunochromatography technology, using antigen-antibody immunological reaction and chromatographic reaction, and in the form of fluorescence immunochromatographic test paper, to achieve the purpose of rapid and accurate quantitative detection of objects. Develop a portable fluorescent immunochromatography POCT detection device for all levels of medical units, clinics and families. The device uses a V-type non-confocal optical path and mainly includes fluorescence signal reception, signal processing, motor drive and other modules. By detecting the fluorescence intensity released by fluorescent markers and combining the quantitative model of light intensity ratio and concentration, Establish the relevant algorithm to realize the qualitative and quantitative detection of the target.
Metabarcoding of protozoa and helminth in black-necked cranes: a high prevalence of parasites and free-living amoebae
Authors: Yu Mengshi , Li Wenhao , He Xin , He Guiwen , Yao Yonfang , Wang Yuanjian , Shao Mingcui , Xiong Tingsong , Xu Huailiang , Zhao Junsong
Published: May 2024

Parasites and free-living amoebae (FLA) are common pathogens that pose threats to wildlife and humans. The black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) is a near-threatened species and there is a shortage of research on its parasite diversity. Our study aimed to use noninvasive methods to detect intestinal parasites and pathogenic FLA in G. nigricollis using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) based on the 18S rDNA V9 region. A total of 38 fresh fecal samples were collected in Dashanbao, China, during the overwintering period (early-, middle I-, middle II-, and late-winter). Based on the 18S data, eight genera of parasites were identified, including three protozoan parasites: Eimeria sp. (92.1%) was the dominant parasite, followed by Tetratrichomonas sp. (36.8%) and Theileria sp. (2.6%). Five genera of helminths were found: Echinostoma sp. (100%), Posthodiplostomum sp. (50.0%), Euryhelmis sp. (26.3%), Eucoleus sp. (50.0%), and Halomonhystera sp. (2.6%). Additionally, eight genera of FLA were detected, including the known pathogens Acanthamoeba spp. (n = 13) and Allovahlkampfia spp. (n = 3). Specific PCRs were used to further identify the species of some parasites and FLA. Furthermore, the 18S data indicated significant changes in the relative abundance and genus diversity of the protozoan parasites and FLA among the four periods. These results underscore the importance of long-term monitoring of pathogens in black-necked cranes to protect this near-endangered species.
Genetic Foundation of Prostaglandin Metabolism Influences Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Sampath Hannah J. , Krishnan Parvathy , Trinh Van , Parton Lance A.
Published: May 2024

Objective Prostaglandins (PGs) play a major role in maintaining patency of the ductal arteriosus (DA). Pulmonary 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), which is ecoded by the hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) gene, is the primary enzyme responsible for PG breakdown. Animal studies have shown HPGD-knockout mice have significantly higher prostaglandin E2 levels and no ductal remodeling. Functional variants of the HPGD gene that alter PG breakdown have not been studied in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Study Design This was an observational cohort study including extreme low birth weight (ELBW) infants classified as having spontaneous, medical, or procedural (transcatheter or surgical ligation) closure of their DA. Urine prostaglandin E metabolite (PGEM) levels were measured in ELBW infants following ibuprofen treatment using competitive ELISA. HPGD genetic variants rs8752, rs2612656, and rs9312555 were analyzed. Kruskal–Wallis, Fisher's exact, chi square, logistic regression, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used; p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results Infants in the procedural closure group had a younger gestational age (GA). The incidence of spontaneous closure or medical closure was higher compared to procedural closure in the presence of any minor allele of rs8752 (67 and 27%, respectively; p = 0.01), when adjusted for GA and gender. Haplotype analysis of three variants of HPGD revealed differences when comparing the spontaneous and medical closure group to the procedural group (p < 0.05). Urinary PGEM levels dropped significantly in those ELBW infants who responded to ibuprofen (p = 0.003) in contrast to those who did not respond (p = 0.5).

Conclusion There was a different genotype distribution for the rs8752 genetic variant of the HPGD gene—as it relates to the mode of treatment for ELBW infants with PDA. We speculate that medical management in the presence of this variant facilitated additional PG breakdown, significantly abrogating the need for procedural closure. Additionally, differences in genotype and haplotype distributions implicate a specific HPGD genetic foundation for DA closure in ELBW infants.

Key Points
The impact of corporate social responsibility in technological innovation on sustainable competitive performance
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Shi Jian , Liu Yexin
Published: May 2024

The twenty-first century has seen an increase in stakeholders, highlighting the need to discuss the role of corporate social responsibility in technological innovation. The objective of the current research is to examine the role that corporate social responsibility in technological innovation plays in enhancing the sustainable competitive performance of firms. The idea that digital transformation mediates the relationship between corporate social responsibility in technological innovation and sustainable competitive performance is proposed in this study. Additionally, the mastery climate may act as a boundary condition that strengthens the positive relationship between CSR and digital transformation. The data were collected in Chinese firms through a questionnaire. The results supported the mediation and moderation hypotheses, confirming that digital transformation mediates the relationship between corporate social responsibility in technological innovation and sustainable competitive performance. The mastery climate moderates the relationship between corporate social responsibility in technological innovation and digital transformation. The results have implications for theory and practice. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
Information content and optimization of self-organized developmental systems
Authors: Brückner David B. , Tkačik Gašper
Published: May 2024

A key feature of many developmental systems is their ability to self-organize spatial patterns of functionally distinct cell fates. To ensure proper biological function, such patterns must be established reproducibly, by controlling and even harnessing intrinsic and extrinsic fluctuations. While the relevant molecular processes are increasingly well understood, we lack a principled framework to quantify the performance of such stochastic self-organizing systems. To that end, we introduce an information-theoretic measure for self-organized fate specification during embryonic development. We show that the proposed measure assesses the total information content of fate patterns and decomposes it into interpretable contributions corresponding to the positional and correlational information. By optimizing the proposed measure, our framework provides a normative theory for developmental circuits, which we demonstrate on lateral inhibition, cell type proportioning, and reaction–diffusion models of self-organization. This paves a way toward a classification of developmental systems based on a common information-theoretic language, thereby organizing the zoo of implicated chemical and mechanical signaling processes.
Orbital-selective time-domain signature of nematicity dynamics in the charge-density-wave phase of La
1.65
Eu
0.2
Sr
0.15
CuO
4
Authors: Bluschke Martin , Gupta Naman K. , Jang Hoyoung , Husain Ali. A. , Lee Byungjune , Kim Minjune , Na MengXing , Dos Remedios Brandon , Smit Steef , Moen Peter , Park Sang-Youn , Kim Minseok , Jang Dogeun , Choi Hyeongi , Sutarto Ronny , Reid Alexander H. , Dakovski Georgi L. , Coslovich Giacomo , Nguyen Quynh L. , Burdet Nicolas G. , Lin Ming-Fu , Revcolevschi Alexandre , Park Jae-Hoon , Geck Jochen , Turner Joshua J. , Damascelli Andrea , Hawthorn David G.
Published: May 2024

Understanding the interplay between charge, nematic, and structural ordering tendencies in cuprate superconductors is critical to unraveling their complex phase diagram. Using pump–probe time-resolved resonant X-ray scattering on the (0 0 1) Bragg peak at the Cu

L
3

and O

K

resonances, we investigate nonequilibrium dynamics of

Q
a

=

Q
b

=
0

nematic order and its association with both charge density wave (CDW) order and lattice dynamics in La

1.65

Eu

0.2

Sr

0.15

CuO

4

. The orbital selectivity of the resonant X-ray scattering cross-section allows nematicity dynamics associated with the planar O 2

p

and Cu 3

d

states to be distinguished from the response of anisotropic lattice distortions. A direct time-domain comparison of CDW translational-symmetry breaking and nematic rotational-symmetry breaking reveals that these broken symmetries remain closely linked in the photoexcited state, consistent with the stability of CDW topological defects in the investigated pump fluence regime.
Manipulating ultrafast even-order nonlinear chiral responses of L-tryptophan by polarization pulse shaping
Authors: Rouxel Jérémy R. , Nam Yeonsig , Chernyak Vladimir Y. , Mukamel Shaul
Published: May 2024

Molecular chirality has long been monitored in the frequency domain in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regimes. Recently developed time-domain approaches can detect time-dependent chiral dynamics by enhancing intrinsically weak chiral signals. Even-order nonlinear signals in chiral molecules have gained attention thanks to their existence in the electric dipole approximation, without relying on the weaker higher-order multipole interactions. We illustrate the optimization of temporal polarization pulse-shaping in various frequency ranges (infrared/optical and optical/X ray) to enhance chiral nonlinear signals. These signals can be recast as an overlap integral of matter and field pseudoscalars which contain the relevant chiral information. Simulations are carried out for second- and fourth-order nonlinear spectroscopies in L-tryptophan.
The Taiwanese Night Markets through the Lens of the Caribbean Expat Community
Authors: Nava Leonardo , Pemberton Judette
Published: May 2024

The night markets have become cultural landmarks in Taiwan. They are not only a ‘must-see’ for tourists but also leisure spaces where local and foreign residents interact regularly. It is key for Taiwan to maintain strong ties with its 13 diplomatic allies, many of whom are Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) in the Caribbean. This situation has turned Taiwan into a unique meeting point for people from distant SIDS. This case study collects the perspectives of the Anglo-Caribbean community residing in Taiwan regarding their experiences with night markets. We conducted interviews and
in situ
observations to gather insights into the initial impressions, motivations for attending, and discouraging experiences at night markets among Caribbean expatriates from Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG), and Belize. This case study evidences that despite cultural differences, language barriers, and prejudices, the night markets play an important role in the integration process of the expats into Taiwanese society.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Metric perturbations of Kerr spacetime in Lorenz gauge: circular equatorial orbits
Authors: Dolan Sam R , Durkan Leanne , Kavanagh Chris , Wardell Barry
Published: May 2024

We construct the metric perturbation in Lorenz gauge for a compact body on a circular equatorial orbit of a rotating black hole (Kerr) spacetime, using a newly-developed method of separation of variables. The metric perturbation is formed from a linear sum of differential operators acting on Teukolsky mode functions, and certain auxiliary scalars, which are solutions to ordinary differential equations in the frequency domain. For radiative modes, the solution is uniquely determined by the

s
=
±
2

Weyl scalars, the s = 0 trace, and

s
=
0
,
1

gauge scalars whose amplitudes are determined by imposing continuity conditions on the metric perturbation at the orbital radius. The static (zero-frequency) part of the metric perturbation, which is handled separately, also includes mass and angular momentum completion pieces. The metric perturbation is validated against the independent results of a 2+1D time domain code, and we demonstrate agreement at the expected level in all components, and the absence of gauge discontinuities. In principle, the new method can be used to determine the Lorenz-gauge metric perturbation at a sufficiently high precision to enable accurate second-order self-force calculations on Kerr spacetime in future. We conclude with a discussion of extensions of the method to eccentric and non-equatorial orbits.
Magnetization reversal phenomena in thin films presenting stripe domains
Authors: López Duque P , Goijman D , Sarmiento A , Ramírez G , Avilés-Félix L , Gómez J , Pérez Martínez A , Eddrief M , Butera A , Vavassori P , Milano J , Niebieskikwiat D
Published: May 2024

We present a study of the properties related to the magnetization reversal process in two thin-film samples with magnetic stripe domains: Fe0.82Ga0.18 (Fe–Ga) and Ni0.81Fe0.19 (permalloy). In Fe–Ga thin films, we focus on magnetization reversal driven by thermal activation by considering the magnetic viscosity behavior. The results suggest that the reversal process occurs gradually, where the magnetization switches direction via

∼

10

nm-long jumps of the magnetic domain walls. On the other hand, vectorial hysteresis loops were performed in permalloy thin films with the aim to study the behavior of the transverse magnetization component (perpendicular to the applied field) during the magnetization reversal process. We show that the measurement of the transversal magnetization component shows a much higher sensitivity for the determination of the in-plane magnetic anisotropy than the usual hysteresis loops where the magnetization is parallel to the applied field. Moreover, this allows to highlight the competition between the intrinsic and rotatable anisotropies in thin films that present stripe domains.
Detection of miRNA-378 based on a catalytic hairpin self-assembly reaction combined with gold nanoparticle colorimetry
Authors: Zhang Run , Gao Yahui , Wang Shan , Pan Jinru , Geng Shuang , Li Zhen , Zhang Kejie , Meng Wei
Published: May 2024

Recent studies have shown that abnormal miRNA-378 expression is a rule, rather than an exception, in cervical cancer and can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker to assess tumor initiation. In this study, we developed a general, sensitive strategy for detecting miRNA-378 using catalytic hairpin self-assembly (CHA) combined with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) colorimetry. The presence of miRNA-378 triggers the repeated self-assembly of two designed hairpin DNAs (H1 and H2) into dsDNA polymers, which leads to changes in the surface plasmon resonance absorption band and the macroscopic color of the AuNP colloids due to the formation of nanoparticle-DNA conjugates. This experimental phenomenon can be observed by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry or even with the naked eye. Using this method, miRNA-378 could be quantitatively detected at the picomolar level (as low as 20.7 pM). Compared with traditional methods, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNA blotting, this strategy has a simple operation, low cost, and high sensitivity and selectivity, and thus, exhibits significant potential for miRNA detection.
Exact global control of small divisors in rational normal form
*
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Xiang Duohui
Published: May 2024

Rational normal form is a powerful tool to deal with Hamiltonian partial differential equations without external parameters. In this paper, we build rational normal form with exact global control of small divisors. As an application to nonlinear Schrödinger equations in Gevrey spaces, we prove sub-exponentially long time stability results for generic small initial data.
Work done by a force when the displacement of its point of application is zero
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: May 2024

Four examples are described where a force acts on an object to accelerate the object and where the displacement of the point of application of the force is zero. Work is done to accelerate the object but the total work done by the force is zero.
Neutrino mass and mixing with modular symmetry
Authors: Ding Gui-Jun , King Stephen F
Published: May 2024

This is a review article about neutrino mass and mixing and flavour model building strategies based on modular symmetry. After a brief survey of neutrino mass and lepton mixing, and various Majorana seesaw mechanisms, we construct and parameterise the lepton mixing matrix and summarise the latest global fits, before discussing the flavour problem of the Standard Model. We then introduce some simple patterns of lepton mixing, introduce family (or flavour) symmetries, and show how they may be applied to direct, semi-direct and tri-direct CP models, where the simple patterns of lepton mixing, or corrected versions of them, may be enforced by the full family symmetry or a part of it, leading to mixing sum rules. We then turn to the main subject of this review, namely a pedagogical introduction to modular symmetry as a candidate for family symmetry, from the bottom–up point of view. After an informal introduction to modular symmetry, we introduce the modular group, and discuss its fixed points and residual symmetry, assuming supersymmetry throughout. We then introduce finite modular groups of levelNand modular forms with integer or rational modular weights, corresponding to simple geometric groups or their double or metaplectic covers, including the most general finite modular groups and vector-valued modular forms, with detailed results forN=2,3,4,5. The interplay between modular symmetry and generalized CP symmetry is discussed, deriving CP transformations on matter multiplets and modular forms, highlighting the CP fixed points and their implications. In general, compactification of extra dimensions generally leads to a number of moduli, and modular invariance with factorizable and non-factorizable multiple moduli based on symplectic modular invariance and automorphic forms is reviewed. Modular strategies for understanding fermion mass hierarchies are discussed, including the weighton mechanism, small deviations from fixed points, and texture zeroes. Then examples of modular models are discussed based on single modulusA4models, a minimalS4′model of leptons (and quarks), and a multiple moduli model based on threeS4groups capable of reproducing the Littlest Seesaw model. We then extend the discussion to include Grand Unified Theories based on modular (flipped)SU(5) andSO(10). Finally we briefly mention some issues related to top–down approaches based on string theory, including eclectic flavour symmetry and moduli stabilisation, before concluding.
Terahertz wave propagation characteristics in SMM-based three-dimensional plasma fluid
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Zhengfang , Li Miao , Li Mingzhao
Published: May 2024

During the return to the atmosphere of a hypersonic vehicle in adjacent space, a plasma sheath forms on the surface of the vehicle, which blocks normal electromagnetic communications. The ‘blackout’ phenomenon caused by plasma sheaths has received much attention. This paper focuses on the American RAM-C vehicle as the research object, and utilizes the fluid simulation software USim to numerically simulate the pressure, temperature, and electron density under different flight conditions, and based on the simulation results, selects the appropriate electron density and plasma collision frequency, introduces the terahertz (THz) wave, and adopts the scattering matrix method (SMM) to study the propagation characteristics of the vertically incident non-uniform magnetized plasma with the terahertz wave. Among other things, the transmission characteristics of terahertz waves in the plasma are affected by the flight altitude and flight angle of attack of the vehicle. The conclusions indicate that the transmissivity of terahertz wave transmission in plasma increases, and the reflectivity and absorptance decrease with increasing flight altitude and flight angle of attack. Under the condition of controlling other flight parameters unchanged, the plasma frequency and collision frequency decrease with the increase of flight altitude. The larger the flight angle of attack is, the larger the plasma frequency and collision frequency are. The electron density on the wall surface of the vehicle was also tested, and it was found that the lowest electron density was found at the tail end of the leeward surface. This study can provide some theoretical references for mitigating the ‘blackout’ phenomenon of re-entry vehicles.
Quantum particle under dynamical confinement: from quantum fermi acceleration to high harmonic generation
Authors: Rakhmanov S , Trunk C , Matrasulov D
Published: May 2024

Quantum dynamics of a particle confined in a box with time-dependent wall is revisited by considering some unexplored aspects of the problem. In particular, the case of dynamical confinement in a time-dependent box in the presence of purely time-varying external potential is treated by obtaining exact solution. Also, some external potentials approving separation of space and time variables in the Schrödinger equation with time-dependent boundary conditions are classified. Time-dependence of the average kinetic energy and average quantum force are analyzed. A model for optical high harmonic generation in the presence of dynamical confinement and external monochromatic time-dependent homogeneous electric field is proposed.
Investigating the shadows and strong gravitational lensing of modified Bardeen black holes
Authors: Molla Niyaz Uddin , Ali Amna , Debnath Ujjal , Gunasekaran Saraswathy Shamini
Published: May 2024

This study is dedicated to exploring the distinctive observational features affected by the modified Bardeen black hole through meticulous analysis of its shadow and strong gravitational lensing observations. We thoroughly investigated the impact of the black hole’s parameters q, g and μ on its shadow radius through numerical simulations and graphical representations. Utilizing the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) data, we constrained the modified Bardeen black hole parameter μ of the modified Bardeen black hole within specific ranges: 0.24 ≤ μ ≤ 1.16 for M87*; and 0.036 ≤ μ ≤ 0.51 for Sgr
A
*, while maintaining the fixed values g = 0.2 and q = 0.3. This restriction of the modified Bardeen black hole parameter μ by the EHT findings illustrates the viability of modified Bardeen black holes as astrophysical candidates. Additionally, we study strong gravitational lensing and its various observables for the modified Bardeen black hole, comparing its behavior to other astrophysical black holes such as the Schwarzschild (μ = 0 = q) and Bardeen (μ = 0) black holes. By examining the astrophysical ramifications through strong gravitational lensing, considering supermassive black holes at the center of nearby galaxies, we uncovered that the modified Bardeen black hole exhibits distinct characteristics, offering a quantitative distinction from other black holes such as the Schwarzschild and Bardeen black holes. These findings in astrophysical consequences provide a promising pathway to differentiate the modified black hole from its counterparts in the realm of general relativity.
A U-Net-based self-stitching method for generating periodic grain structures
Authors: Ji Ye , Koeppe Arnd , Altschuh Patrick , Griem Lars , Rajagopal Deepalaxmi , Nestler Britta
Published: May 2024

When modeling microstructures, the computational resource requirements increase rapidly as the simulation domain becomes larger. As a result, simulating a small representative fraction under periodic boundary conditions is often a necessary simplification. However, the truncated structures leave nonphysical boundaries, which are detrimental to numerical modeling. Here, we propose a self-stitching algorithm for generating periodic structures, demonstrated in a grain structure. The main idea of our algorithm is to artificially add structural information between mismatched boundary pairs, using the hierarchical spatial predictions of the U-Net. The model is trained with 20,000 grain sample pairs simulated from multiphase field simulations, resulting in the successful generation of periodic grain structures as expected. Furthermore, we employ an energy-based metric, the local curvature, to highlight the quality of the generated samples. Through this metric, we determine that the optimum value of the width of the mask is 1/16 of the sample width. The algorithm provides an automatic and unbiased way to obtain periodic boundaries in grain structures and can be applied to porous microstructures in a similar way.
Higher order contribution to ion-acoustic Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) soliton in unmagnetized quantum plasmas with arbitrary degeneracy of electrons
Authors: Ur-Rehman Hafeez , Mahmood Shahzad
Published: May 2024

The propagation of nonlinear ion-acoustic Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) solitons and dressed solitons (with higher order contribution term) in unmagnetized quantum plasmas with arbitrary degeneracy of electrons is investigated using quantum hydrodynamic model. The reductive perturbation method is used to derive the first order nonlinear ion-acoustic KdV equation and also higher order contribution of inhomogeneous differential equation is obtained for the dressed ion-acoustic wave soliton in arbitrary degenerate electron plasmas. Moreover, the higher order inhomogeneous differential equation is solved (nonsecular solution is obtained) using the renormalization method. The conditions for the validity of the higher order correction are also discussed in detail for ion-acoustic solitons in unmagnetized arbitrary degenerate electrons plasma case. The effects of chosen values of electron temperature, equilibrium fugacity and corresponding electron density of a physical quantum plasma system and quantum diffraction parameter H (for two conditions i.e., H < 2 or H > 2) on the amplitude and width of the KdV and dressed ion-acoustic wave solitons for both electrostatic potential hump (compressive) or dip (rarefactive) structures are investigated. The numerical plots are also presented for illustration with numerical values of a physical partially degenerate electrons plasma system exist in the astrophysical or laboratory conditions.
Invariant stationary vacuum solutions by symmetry analysis and Jacobi elliptic rational expansion method
Authors: Al-Khamaiseh Belal , Alkasasbeh Ahmad H , Ali Ahmad T
Published: May 2024

In this paper, new explicit exact solutions for the stationary static Einstein’s vacuum field equation are obtained. Symmetry analysis, based on Lie point transformations, is used to derive different similarity solutions. These transformations are used to reduce the equation under investigation into solvable ordinary differential equations, and then some interesting invariant solutions are presented. In addition, some of the solutions are obtained as a result of applying the Jacobi elliptic function expansion method to one of the reduced systems. Graphical representations of the obtained solutions are also shown.
Chaotic behavior, bifurcations, sensitivity analysis, and novel optical soliton solutions to the Hamiltonian amplitude equation in optical physics
Authors: Hossain Md Nur , Miah M Mamun , Duraihem Faisal Z , Rehman Sadique , Ma Wen-Xiu
Published: May 2024

This study, highlights the exact optical soliton solutions in the context of optical physics, centering on the intricate Hamiltonian amplitude equation with bifurcation and sensitivity analysis. This equation is pivotal in optics which underpins the understanding of optical manifestations, encompassing solitons, nonlinear consequences, and wave interactions. Applying an analytical expansion approach, we extract diverse optical solutions, having trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational functions. Next, we utilize concepts from the principle of planar dynamical systems to investigate the bifurcation processes and chaotic behaviors present in this derived system. Additionally, we use the Runge–Kutta scheme to carry out a thorough sensitivity analysis of the dynamical system. It has been verified through this analytical process that small variations in beginning conditions have negligible effects on the stability of the solution using bifurcation analysis. Validation via Mathematica software ensures the accuracy of these findings. Furthermore, we employ dynamic visualizations, such as 2D, 3D, and contour plots, to illustrate various soliton patterns, including kink, multi-kink, single periodic, multi-periodic, singular, and semi-bell-shaped configurations. These visual representations provide a glimpse into the fascinating behavior of optical phenomena. The solutions obtained via this proposed method showcase its efficacy, dependability, and simplicity in comparison to various alternative approaches.
Hard X-ray emission from blazars associated with high-energy neutrinos
Authors: Plavin A.V. , Burenin R.A. , Kovalev Y.Y. , Lutovinov A.A. , Starobinsky A.A. , Troitsky S.V. , Zakharov E.I.
Published: May 2024

Bright blazars were found to be prominent neutrino sources, and a number of IceCube events were associated with them. Evaluating high-energy photon emission of such blazars is crucial for better understanding of the processes and regions where neutrinos are produced. Here, we focus on hard X-ray emission observed by the SRG/ART-XC telescope, by the Swift/BAT imager, and by the INTEGRAL/IBIS telescope. Their energy range ≳10 keV is well-suited for probing photons that potentially participate in neutrino production by interacting with ultrarelativistic protons.
We find that neutrino-associated blazars tend to demonstrate remarkably strong X-ray emission compared to other VLBI blazars in the sky.
Both neutrinos and hard X-rays are found to come from blazars at cosmological distances z ∼ 1, and are boosted by relativistic beaming that makes it possible to detect them on Earth. Our results suggest that neutrinos are produced within compact blazar jets, with target X-ray photons emitted from accelerated jet regions.
Orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Pr:LiGdF4 lasers in the green range
Authors: Chen Chong , Li Yongliang , Shangguan Jiawei , Feng Hailong , Guo Haoran
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate a diode-pumped continuous-wave tunable orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Pr:LiGdF4 laser in the green range. The excellent mode matching between the pump and green lasers is achieved under the consideration of thermally induced effects. We analyze the condition of gain-to-loss balance via an uncoated glass etalon to achieve the dual-wavelength operation. At an absorbed pump power of 17.9 W, a dual-wavelength laser operating at 546 nm in π-polarization and 538 nm in σ-polarization with 1.72 W of average output power was obtained. Orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength laser operation at shorter- or longer-wavelength pairs with lower average output power could also be realized for other output-coupling transmissions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work realizing orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength operation in Pr:LiGdF4 lasers.