bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rakyat Desa, Negari, Gempong, Marga, dan Sejenisnya Menjadi Korban Pemerintah Desa dan Pemerintah Atasan
Authors: Nurcholis Hanif
Published: November 2020

Hubungan antara Yang Memerintah dengan Yang Diperintah menciptakan tiga relasi: 1) Yang Memerintah sebagai pelayan kepada warga negara dan Yang Diperintah sebagai penerima layanan publik; 2) Yang Memerintah sebagai penjual barang-barang publik dan Yang Diperintah sebagai pembelinya secara gratis; dan 3) Yang Memerintah sebagai penguasa yang tidak bertanggung jawab dalam memberikan layanan publik dan layanan civil dan Yang Diperintah sebagai korban. Pembentukan pemerintah desa di bawah UU No.6/2014 menciptakan relasi antara Yang Memerintah dengan Yang Diperintah dimana Yang Diperintah (rakyat desa) sebagai korban. Hal ini terjadi karena desain dan struktur organisasi yang dibangun tidak menjadikan Pemerintah Desa sebagai instrumen pelayanan publik di desa tapi hanya sebagai perantara (tussenpersoon atau mediator) antara Yang Memerintah dengan Yang Diperintah. Pemerintah Desa tidak mempunyai organ yang melayani rakyat desa. Akibatnya rakyat desa tidak mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan, pendidikan, irigasi,pertanian, perikanan, transportasi publik perdesaan, industri, dan perdagangan. Kegiatan Pemerintah Desa secara aktual hanya mengeluarkan Surat Keterangan, memobilisasi rakyat untuk membangun infrastruktur melalui lembaga korporatis buatan Negara (RT, RW, PKK, LPM, P3A, dan Karang Taruna), menarik pajak, membuat laporan penduduk, dan melaksanakan proyek Pemerintah Atasan. Untuk itu, Pemerintah Desa perlu direformasi menjadi pemerintah lokal otonom modern dengan fungsi menyejahterakan rakyat yang dilakukan dengan cara memberi layanan publik dan layanan civil kepada rakyat desa.
Kolaborasi Triple Helix Dalam Pembangunan Wisata Bahari di Indonesia
Authors: Zarkasyi Rahman, Hardi Warsono Amni
Published: November 2020

Triple helix merupakan konsep kolaborasi yang mendukung dalam pembangunan wisata bahari melalui hubungan dua arah antara government,business, dan academia. Peran government memiliki porsi yang lebih besar untuk mempersiapkan payung regulasi dalam perencanaan sektoral yang akan dilaksanakan oleh business dan academia. Penelitian ini digunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara jelas masalah penelitian tentang potensi kolaborasi triple helix serta implikasi bagi wisata bahari di Indonesia. Government berperan dalam menyediakan kerangka regulasi (RPJM dan Perda); business memberikan bantuan finansial dalam program CSR; sedangkan academia menyusun master plan pemberdayaan sekaligus menjadi fasilitator dalam lingkup kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat.
Analisis Kinerja Ombudsman Republik Indonesia Perwakilan Jawa Tengah Dalam Rangka Penanganan Laporan Masyarakat
Authors: Hariani Dyah , Irson Sitorus Tri Yanti Nur
Published: November 2020

Maladministration is an inapropriate behavior which is not compatible withthe principle of a good public service. Citizens often unsatisfied with the servicethey received. Number of public service executors do not give the proceduralsevice, take too much time, do the illegal extraction, and there are numbers ofmaladministration happened in public service execution. Indonesian Republic’sOmbudsman is a vice Ombudsman in Middle Java fuctioned to monitor andprohibit maladministration in Middle Java. In monitoring, Ombudsman takesaction in finishing the report from the citizens through clarification, investigation,and create a conclusion and decision in form of recomendation and suggestion.The aim of this research is to analyze the work and the factors involvesIndonesian Ombudsman’s work in Middle Java in handling the report. The theoryused in this research is work by considering the Productivity, Service Quality,Responcivity, Responsibility, and Accountability. This research used Qualitativeresearch method with Descriptive data processing. The data was collected byusing interview, observation, and documentation. By using core informant as themain sourse and triangulation technique as the source of valid data.After the research, the Indonesian Republic’s Ombudsman in Middle Java iscategorized to good. But it can’t be said as an optimal one because there are someobstacles in finishing the report for human resources, material, facility, and theagency, and the citizens’ undertstanding about Ombudsman right is still bad.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pariwisata Bahari Di Kota Di Kota Semarang
Authors: Suwitri Sri , Yuniningsih Tri , Ghoffar Ismail Rezky
Published: November 2020

Fisherman Village Development in Tambak Lorok is one of the maritime tourismdestinations which is the step of the Semarang City Government to improve the welfareof the people in Tambak Lorok Village. This study aims to examine the implementationof tourism policies in the village of Tambak Lorok, Tanjung Mas Village, SemarangCity. The method used: qualitative descriptive research methods, gatheringinformation using observation and interview techniques, determining informantsusing snowball sampling technique. The results of the study: (a) The government hasfacilitated the establishment of marine tourism villages in Tambak Lorok (b) patternsof community behavior are difficult to change so that it can hinder development and(3) cooperation between actors in the development of maritime tourism is not optimal.The recommendations that can be given are: the need for an increase in jointcommitment and subsequent researchers are advised to take a different focus fromthis research.
Restrukturisasi Obyek Wisata Alam Dan Agro Sebagai Wujud Pelayanan Sosial Kemasyarakatan Di Desa Genito Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Surya Perdana Adhi
Published: November 2020

Tourism is now seen as a sector popular in the national economy and the world,where one of the motor industry style of contemporary capable of providing social servicescommunity, especially in the village of Genito in providing natural attractions and agro, aswell as the opportunities of economic growth in terms of employment opportunities, income,the standard of living and to enable the local production sector. The purpose of this studywhich is to identify the factors driving and inhibiting natural attractions as well as therestructuring and agro tourism. Problems include the lack of accessibility of land and thedifficulty of the motor vehicle to the location of natural and agro. This is a qualitative study,which describes the study explanation about the state of the field findings and submit thequestionnaire contained structured questions addressed to the public ranging fromcommunity leaders, stakeholders of the village administration, the offender driving tourism,and tourists with the total respondents as many as 30 people, using the method of randomsampling incidental. The study results showed that the natural attractions and tourism in thevillage of Genito there are two attractions that nature tenure is owned by forestry andagricultural land supported rural communities that provide beauty agro tourism.Restructuring of natural attractions such as swimming pools, fish ponds and objects whoseexistence Selfie nestled in the woods with Sukorini name. Restructuring of the naturalattractions in the form of a pool is an innovation village government.
Desa di Era Digital
Authors: Rokhman Ali
Published: November 2020

Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi mengalami perkembangan yang sangat cepat dan telahberdampak pada perubahan dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan manusia. Perubahan inimenyentuh berbagai lapisan masyarakat baik masyarakat lapisan menengah ke atas maupunlapisan menengah ke bawah. Perubahan terjadi juga pada lembaga pemerintah baik tingkatpusat, pemerintah daerah, maupun pemerintah desa. Walaupun dalam struktur pemerintahanmenempati posisi paling rendah, pemerintah desa juga harus bisa menyesuaikan dengancepatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi di mana digitalisasi dalamurusan pemerintah tidak dapat dihindarkan lagi. Desa Dermaji adalah salah satu desa diKecamatan Lumbir Kabupaten Banyumas yang telah siap menghadapi era digital. Dibuktikandengan berbagai prestasi yang telah diraihnya. Prestasi terbaru pada tahun 2018 desa inimendapatkan penghargaan dari Komisi Informasi Provinsi Jawa Tengah sebagai Desa denganWebsite Informatif. Berbagai prestasi yang telah didapat oleh Desa Dermaji tentu sajamelalui proses yang panjang dan melibatkan banyak pihak. Keberhasilan yang telah dicapaibukan sekedar kebetulan namun ada proses bagaimana menginternalisasi inovasi dalam halini teknologi informasi dan komunikasi kepada perangkat dan masyarakat desa. Paper inimembahas proses inovasi yang telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Desa Dermaji danbagaimana hasilnya sehingga dapat dijadikan best practice bagi desa lain di seluruhIndonesia
Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Dias Edwin , Dias Meena , Acharya Deeksha N.
Published: November 2020

Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials is recognized by the WHO as a major health
threat of the 21st century. Antimicrobial resistance threatens the effective prevention
and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections. Infections such as tuberculosis and septicaemia which decimated populations are once again responsible for mortality in epidemic proportions. Bacterial resistance is driven by the continued use of antimicrobials and it is unlikely that the danger of resistance can be effectively diminished by the discovery of new antimicrobials. The problem lies with the patent duration (20 years) and billion dollar investments of the pharmaceutical companies in producing a new antimicrobial. We have used, or are using, our so-called drugs of last resort. There is nothing left in the armamentarium and investments in developing new antimicrobials are missing, we are moving into the post-antimicrobial era.
The Role of Metallic Nanoparticles in Inhibition of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Enhances Phagosome Maturation into the Infected Macrophage
Authors: Jafari Alireza , Nagheli Atabak , Foumani Ali Alavi , Soltani Bahram , Goswami Raj
Published: November 2020

This review focuses on the role of gallium (Ga) nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance phagosome maturation into the Mycobacteriumtuberculosis-infected macrophage and the role of magnetic iron NPs as nanocarriers of antituberculosis drugs. The literature shows that silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs with dimensions less than 10 nm can penetrate directly through the macrophage bilayer membrane. Ag NPs increase the permeability membrane by motiving the aggregation of proteins in the periplasmic space and forming nano-sized pores. ZnO NPs can interact with the membrane of M. tuberculosis, which leads to the formation of surface pores and the release of intracellular nucleotides. The colloidal Ag:ZnO mixture NPs with 1:1 ratio can eliminate M. tuberculosis and shows the lowest cytotoxicity effects on MCF-7 and THP-1 cell lines. Ag/ZnO nanocrystals are not able to kill M. tuberculosis alone ex-vivo. Hence, bimetallic gold (Au)/Ag NPs possessed high efficiency to inhibit M. tuberculosis in an ex-vivo THP-1 infection model. Co-delivery of mixed MeNPs into a polymeric carrier collaborated to selective uptake by macrophages through passive targeting, initial burst release of ions from the encapsulated metallic (Me) NPs, and eventually, reduction of MeNPs toxicity, and plays a pivotal role in increasing the antitubercular activity compared to use alone. In addition, Ga NPs can import drugs to the macrophage, inhibit M. tuberculosis growth, and reduce the inhibition of phagosome maturation. Magnetic encapsulated NPs exhibited good drug release properties and might be suitable as carriers of antituberculosis drugs.
How aerosols and greenhouse gases influence the diurnal temperature range
Authors: Stjern Camilla W. , Samset Bjørn H. , Boucher Olivier , Iversen Trond , Lamarque Jean-François , Myhre Gunnar , Shindell Drew , Takemura Toshihiko
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The diurnal temperature range (DTR) (or difference
between the maximum and minimum temperature within a day) is one of many
climate parameters that affects health, agriculture and society.
Understanding how DTR evolves under global warming is therefore crucial.
Physically different drivers of climate change, such as greenhouse gases and
aerosols, have distinct influences on global and regional climate.
Therefore, predicting the future evolution of DTR requires knowledge of the
effects of individual climate forcers, as well as of the future emissions
mix, in particular in high-emission regions. Using global climate model
simulations from the Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison
Project (PDRMIP), we investigate how idealized changes in the atmospheric
levels of a greenhouse gas (CO2) and aerosols (black carbon and
sulfate) influence DTR (globally and in selected regions). We find broad
geographical patterns of annual mean change that are similar between climate
drivers, pointing to a generalized response to global warming which is not
defined by the individual forcing agents. Seasonal and regional differences,
however, are substantial, which highlights the potential importance of local
background conditions and feedbacks. While differences in DTR responses
among drivers are minor in Europe and North America, there are distinctly
different DTR responses to aerosols and greenhouse gas perturbations over
India and China, where present aerosol emissions are particularly high. BC
induces substantial reductions in DTR, which we attribute to strong modeled
BC-induced cloud responses in these regions.
Determination of the Emission Rates of CO2 Point Sources with Airborne Lidar
Authors: Wolff Sebastian , Ehret Gerhard , Kiemle Christoph , Amediek Axel , Quatrevalet Mathieu , Wirth Martin , Fix Andreas
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Anthropogenic point sources, such as coal-fired power plants, produce a major share of global CO2 emissions. International climate agreements demand their independent monitoring. Due to the high amount of point sources and their global spatial distribution, a mobile measurement approach with fast spatial coverage is needed. Active remote sensing measurements by airborne lidar show much promise in this respect. The integrated-path differential-absorption lidar CHARM–F is installed onboard an aircraft, in order to detect weighted vertical columns of CO2 mixing ratios, below the aircraft along its flight track. During the Carbon Dioxide and Methane mission (CoMet) in spring 2018, airborne greenhouse gas measurements were performed, focusing on the major European sources of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, i.e. large coal–fired power plants. The flights were designed to transect isolated exhaust plumes. From the resulting enhancement in the CO2 mixings ratios, emission rates can be derived in terms of the cross–sectional flux method. On average, we find our results roughly corresponding to reported annual emission rates, but observe significant variations between individual overflights ranging up to a factor of 2. We suppose that these variations are mostly driven by turbulence. This hypothesis is supported by a high–resolution large eddy simulation that enables us to give a qualitative assessment of the influence of plume inhomogeneity on the cross–sectional flux method. Our findings suggest avoiding periods of strong turbulence, e.g. midday and afternoon. More favorable measurement conditions prevail during nighttime and morning. Since lidars are intrinsically independent of sunlight, they have a significant advantage in this regard.
Droughts in Bern and Rouen from the 14th to the beginning of the 18th century derived from documentary evidence
Authors: Camenisch Chantal , Salvisberg Melanie
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Droughts derive from a precipitation deficit and can
also be temperature driven. They are dangerous natural hazards for human
societies. Documentary data from the pre-modern and early modern times contain
direct and indirect information on precipitation that allow for the production
of reconstructions using historical climatology methods. For this
study, two drought indices – the drought
index of Bern (DIB) and the drought
index of Rouen (DIR) – have been created on the basis of documentary
data produced in Bern, Switzerland, and Rouen, France, respectively for the
period from 1315 to 1715. These two indices have been compared to a third
supra-regional drought index (SDI) for Switzerland, Germany, France, the
Netherlands, and Belgium that was synthesised from precipitation reconstruction based
on historical climatology. The results of this study show that the
documentary data from Bern mainly contain summer droughts, whereas the data
from Rouen rather allow for the reconstruction of spring droughts. The
comparison of the three above-mentioned indices shows that the DIB and the DIR most probably
do not contain all of the actual drought events; however, they detect droughts that
do not appear in the SDI. This fact suggests that more documentary data from
single locations, such as historical city archives, should be examined in the
future and should be added to larger reconstructions in order to obtain more complete
drought reconstructions.
Building a long-time series for weather and extreme weather in the Straits Settlements: a multi-disciplinary approach to the archives of societies
Authors: Williamson Fiona
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In comparison to the Northern Hemisphere, especially Europe and North America, there is a paucity of information regarding the historic weather and climate of Southeast Asia and the Southern Hemisphere in general. The reasons for this are both historic and political, yet that does not mean that such data do not exist. Much of the early instrumental weather records for Southeast Asia stem from the colonial period, and with some countries and regions changing hands between the European powers, surviving information tends to be scattered across the globe making its recovery a long and often arduous task. This paper focuses on two countries that were once joined under British governance: Singapore and Malaysia. It will explore the early stage of a project that aims to recover instrumental weather records available for both countries from the late 1780s to the 1950s, with early research completed for the Straits Settlements between 1786 and 1917. Taking an historical approach, the main focus here is to explore the types of records available and the circumstances of their production. In so doing, it will consider the potential for inaccuracy, highlight gaps in the record and use historical context to explain how and why these problems and omissions may have occurred. It will also explore the availability of narrative and data evidence to pinpoint extreme periods of weather such as drought or flood and consider the usefulness of historical narrative in identifying and analysing extreme events.
RANKING OF DAILY SATELLITE-DERIVED PRECIPITATION EXTREMES FOR THE ORBIG PIPELINE IN RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Amaral I. C.F. , Libonati R. S. , Palmeira A. C. P. A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The present work was motivated by the occurrence of vast damage caused by intense rainfalls in the state of Rio de Janeiro and the great importance of the oil pipelines for the economy by using remote sensing multisatellite dataset from the GPM 3-IMERG-HHE product from 06/2000 to 06/2019, along the ORBIG pipeline located between the municipalities of Angra dos Reis and Duque de Caxias, RJ. A statistical ranking method has been applied to classify extreme daily precipitation events over the region. An event is classified as extreme by considering the total affected area and its intensity, based on the daily normalized anomaly calculated from the climatology data. The results show that in cold front events the oil pipeline region is hit more spatially with high accumulations of daily precipitation. However, in thermal instability precipitation, despite affecting locally, it has also shown extreme precipitation events, highlighting that in the 10 largest cases there were no false alarms, according to records found in news reports and rainfall indexes. It was also noted that during summer time there were more extreme cases. In conclusion, this study served to indicate places and times of higher rainfall index regardless of whether the region has a dense population or not.
VEGETATION INDEX BASED IN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) TO IMPROVE THE MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN PROTECTED AREAS, SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: Mallmann C. L. , Zaninni A. F. , Pereira Filho W.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The biological invasion is considered the second largest global threat to the maintenance and conservation of natural ecosystems biodiversity. Strategies and actions that guide the control and monitoring of invasive species in protected areas are still a challenge on the management of these areas. Remote sensing is potential tool to detect and monitoring these species, gaining a timeline scale and allowing the adoption of more effective control methods. In this study, search to evaluate the vegetation index potential by using multispectral images acquired by UAV as a support on detection and monitoring of invasive plants in Quarta Colônia State Park located on the Brazil’s southern region. A sampling area with a density of invasive plants above 80% was evaluated, with predominance of Psidium guajava and Ligustrum lucidum, generating a large data set from the extracted indexes. Among the evaluated index, the ones that showed the most potential in this study were Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Plant Senescence Reflectance Index (PSRI) and Red Green Ratio Index (RGRI). Believe us that the use of UAVs platforms will be an important tool for the management of invasive species in protected areas.
ANALYZING LONG-TERM AVAILABILITY OF URBAN GREEN SPACE BY SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA, USING OPEN DATA AND TOOLS
Authors: Patiño J. E.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The availability of green spaces is an important issue for urban populations worldwide, given the benefits that the green spaces provide for health, well-being, and quality of life. But urban green spaces are not always distributed equally for different population groups within cities. Latin America is the second most urbanized region of the world, but there are few published studies analysing the green space availability for different urban population groups, and less so analysing the long-term trends. This work presents an analysis of long-term availability of urban green spaces by different socioeconomic status population groups in Medellin city, Colombia, using open geospatial data and open software tools. The results indicate that disparities between different groups have been decreasing in the last years, but there are still efforts to do. Showing this kind of analysis based on open data and tools is essential as it opens the possibility for replicating it in other cities with scarce budgets.
Active and inactive Andean rock glacier geophysical signatures by
comparing 2D joint inversion routines of electrical resistivity and
refraction seismic tomography
Authors: de Pasquale Giulia , Valois Rémi , Schaffer Nicole , MacDonell Shelley
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In semi-arid Chile, rock glaciers cover a surface area that is four-times larger than that occupied by glaciers. For this reason, their role in freshwater production, transfer and storage is likely to be of primary importance, especially in this area of increasing human pressure and high rainfall variability. To understand their hydrological role now and in the future it is necessary to characterize their internal structure (e.g., internal boundaries, ice, air, water and rock content). In this paper, we present the results and interpretations of electrical resistivity and refraction seismic tomography profiles on an active (El Ternero) and inactive (El Jote) rock glacier in the Chilean Andes. These are the first in situ measurements in Estero Derecho: a natural reserve at the headwaters of the Elqui River, where the two rock glaciers are located. Within our study, we highlight the strong differences in the geophysical responses between active and inactive rock glaciers through the analysis and comparison of three different inversion schemes: individual dataset inversion, structural and petrophysical joint inversion. Moreover, we propose a diagnostic model representation for the differentiation between active and inactive rock glaciers.
Truth, Nature, and Sellars's Myth of the Given
Authors: Cahoone Lawrence
Published: November 2020

When a philosopher and a dog play Frisbee, do they cognize the same Frisbee? Is Fido subject to the “myth of the given”? The questions are not silly, for as Marjorie Grene quipped, “Epistemology is a branch of ethology.” What follows accepts what is usually called a “correspondence” theory of truth and a “realist” account of human knowledge. Nothing new, but what will be distinctive is that it seeks to exploit an unusual naturalism deriving from the American philosophical tradition. It will particularly address the epistemic relation of sensing to knowing. A currently widespread view among those who object to realism can be traced to Wilfrid Sellars's 1956 critique of the “myth of the given.” Sellars argued that the normative “order of reasons” in which beliefs are adjudicated is discontinuous with the causal order of sensation or perception, so the former cannot be grounded in the latter. My claim will be that Sellars was half wrong, and the wrong half can be addressed by contemporary cognitive science and anthropology. The permission to employ the latter is granted by a special version of naturalism, “ordinal naturalism,” formed from the American philosophical tradition.
Growth of canola hybrids resistant and sensitive to herbicides
Authors:   Universidade de Passo Fundo, Durigon Miria Rosa , Cechin Joanei ,   Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Mariani Franciele ,   Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina, Pinto Gerarda Beatriz da Silva ,   GDM Seeds, Vargas Leandro ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Chavarria Geraldo ,   Universidade de Passo Fundo
Published: November 2020

Plant growth analysis is useful for determining adequate management practices and exploring the maximum yield potential of cultivars or hybrids. Canola hybrids with resistance to herbicides have been studied and registered for Brazilian conditions, as they improve weed management in canola crops. This study evaluated the growth of canola hybrids resistant to triazine or imidazolinone herbicides compared to a sensitive hybrid. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, with four replications, in a bifactorial scheme using three hybrids and six sampling times. The canola hybrids used were Hyola 571CL (resistant to imidazolinones), Hyola 555TT (resistant to triazines), and Hyola 61 (sensitive to both herbicides). Height, leaf area, and dry matter of roots, leaves, stems, and shoots of the plants were evaluated at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 119 days after emergence (DAE). The physiological indices absolute growth rate, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, and net assimilation rate were calculated, and yield indices evaluated. Compared to Hyola 61, the Hyola 555TT hybrid showed lower values of leaf dry matter at 70 DAE, absolute growth rate up to 56 DAE, and net assimilation rate at 14 and 28 DAE, and a higher leaf area ratio at 56 DAE, whereas the hybrid Hyola 571CL presented lower leaf area and lower leaf dry matter at 70 DAE. At flowering, compared to Hyola 61, the hybrid Hyola 571CL presents lower leaf area, and the hybrids Hyola 555TT and Hyola 571CL have lower leaf dry matter accumulation. Differences in the growth of canola hybrids Hyola 555TT, Hyola 571CL and Hyola 61 do not cause differences in their grain yield.
Yield, seasonality and plant health care of banana ‘BRS Conquista’ covered with different coloured polyethylene bags
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Martins Rafaelly Calsavara , Leonel Sarita ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Souza Jackson Mirellys Azevêdo ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Silva Marcelo de Souza ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ferreira Rafael Bibiano ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Züge Patrícia Graosque Ulguim ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Lorenzetti Emi Rainildes ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bueno Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista,   Universidade Estadual Paulista
Published: November 2020

Bananas are the world’s most popular fruit. Nonetheless, a great part of the production is lost, mainly for insect and disease incidences. Thus, cover developing banana bunches is a promising physical protection method that will improve the visual quality of the fruits, especially the rapidly growing consumer demand for healthy fruits. In fact, bags serve as protective barrier, allowing the production of free fruit damage; consequently, lowering production costs by cutting crop losses, as well as avoiding chemical materials. There is a wide variety of bag types and colours, but also, there is a scarce literature on their efficiency. This study hence aimed to evaluate the influence of coloured polyethylene bags on yield, seasonality and plant health of the ‘BRS Conquista’ bananas in subtropical high-altitude growing conditions. Treatments therefore consisted of using white, black, red and blue polyethylene bags, besides control (uncovered). Then, bags were randomly distributed in five blocks, four plants per plot. After bunch harvest, the following evaluation were proceeded: agronomic yield, the interval between bunches cover and harvest, injuries caused by thrips and the incidence of anthracnose. Results indicated that banana bunch coverings did not interfere in bunch yield. Nevertheless, white and black bags reduced the interval between bunch covers and harvest, that is, 114 and 115 days, respectively. Furthermore, white and red bags reduced the damage caused by thrips in fruits; while white, red and blue bags decreased the anthracnose incidence. This study therefore recommends the use of white polyethylene bags to cover banana bunches of the cultivar BRS Conquista, since this bag colour showed highly efficiency in controlling thrips and anthracnose incidence, besides reducing the interval between bunch cover and harvest.
Restoration of old Auckland Customhouse
Authors: Boardman P. R.
Published: November 2020

This building was built in 1890 and designed by Thomas Mahoney, who, with his father William, was also responsible for the Auckland City Art Gallery.

It was occupied until the early 1970’s by several government departments in addition to the Customs Department and this explains the cellular construction. There are three reasonably distinct areas on each floor.
Base isolation of buildings
Authors: Skinner R. I.
Published: November 2020

International conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 22-25 February 1982
Economic and Environmental Consequences of Market Power in the South-East Europe Regional Electricity Market
Authors: Viskovic Verena , Chen Yihsu , Siddiqui Afzal S. , Tanaka Makoto
Published: November 2020

Market power in electricity and emission-permit markets in the South-East Europe Regional Electricity Market, which comprises both EU members subject to the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and non-EU members exempt from it, affects social welfare and carbon leakage. We examine its impact under three market settings: perfect competition (PC) and two leader-follower versions, in which a leader can exert market power in either the electricity market (S-T) or both the electricity and permit markets (S). Under PC, carbon leakage is equal to 11%-39% of ETS emission reduction depending on the cap stringency. Generally, in S-T, the leader’s capacity withholding results in ETS emissions below and non-ETS emissions above PC levels. However, carbon leakage is lower vis-a-vis PC as the ETS emission reduction offsets the non-ETS emission increase. Finally, in S, the leader’s propensity to lower the permit price increases ETS emissions and exacerbates carbon leakage compared to S-T.
Oplegging van bestuurlijke boetes aan overheden door de privacytoezichthouder
Authors: Duijkersloot Ton
Published: November 2020

Oplegging van bestuurlijke boetes aan overheden door de privacytoezichthouder

In deze bijdrage staat centraal de oplegging van bestuurlijk boetes aan overheden, in het bijzonder door de privacytoezichthouder: welke mogelijkheden en beperkingen kent het Nederlands recht hiervoor in algemene zin, welke mogelijkheden en beperkingen golden en gelden in het bijzonder voor de Nederlandse privacytoezichthouder en in hoeverre heeft deze toezichthouder in het recente en verdere verleden boetes aan overheden opgelegd.
Komt het zwijgrecht alleen toe aan formele bestuurders?
Authors: Stijnen Rogier
Published: November 2020

Komt het zwijgrecht alleen toe aan formele bestuurders? ABRvS 28 augustus 2019, ECLI:NL:RVS:2019:2952 (zwijgrecht)

In de voorliggende zaak, waarin een boete is opgelegd vanwege het niet in overeenstemming met het werkplan op een veilige wijze verwijderen van asbest, meende de onderneming dat aan haar voorman de cautie had moeten worden gegeven omdat hij leiding gaf aan de werkzaamheden. De Afdeling houdt echter vast aan haar rechtspraak dat het zwijgrecht van een rechtspersoon uitsluitend toekomt aan haar bestuurders. Mocht de voorman zelf worden beboet als feitelijk leidinggever of als normadressaat, dan zouden zijn verklaringen alleen uitgesloten hoeven te worden van het bewijs tegen hem.
Supralocalisation Processes in Early Modern English Urban Vernaculars
Authors: Gordon Moragh , Oudesluijs Tino , Auer Anita
Published: November 2020

This article contributes to existing studies that are concerned with standardisation and supralocalisation processes in the development of written English during the Early Modern English period. By focussing on and comparing civic records and letter data from important regional urban centres, notably Bristol, Coventry and York, from the period 1500–1700, this study provides new insight into the gradual emergence of supralocal forms. More precisely, the linguistic variables under investigation are third person indicative present tense markers (singular and plural). The findings of this study reveal that each urban centre shows a unique distribution pattern in the adoption of supralocal -(V)s singular and plural zero. Furthermore, verb type as well as text type appear to be important language internal and external factors respectively.
Respect, Inherent Value, Subjects-of-a-Life Some. Reflections on the Key Concepts of Tom Regan’s Animal Ethics
Authors: Allegri Francesco
Published: November 2020

This article reconstructs the theoretical premises of Tom Regan’s animal ethics, the American philosopher recently disappeared who has given a fundamental contribution to this area of practical ethics, by developing a theory of rights based on the extension to all subjects-of-a-life of Kantian notions such as inherent value and respect. Regan’s theory still remains the most rigorous foundation of an animal ethics alternative to the utilitarian approach of Peter Singer, but it is not without unresolved problems or not entirely satisfactory solutions. To remedy some of them, in the final part the author tries to insert into the Reganian theoretical framework elements of gradualism.
Motivation of seniors to learn at the Universities of the Third Age
Authors:   Charles University, Nováková Daniela , Lorenzová Jitka ,   Charles University
Published: November 2020

The study presents the results of a survey examining the motivation of the seniors to receive lifelong learning in university courses. The sample was based on 150 participants who take these courses in the fields of medicine, the natural sciences and humanities. It was found that the main motive for entering these studies was the desire to further learn a new education skills, followed by the need to actively spend leisure time. The motive of establishing new relationships with peers of similar interests was not significant. The motives were not influenced by the gender, age or education of respondents. A certain relationship has only been proved between the professional focus of study and motivation, where the desire to learn a new education skills was slightly more prevalent among students in the fields of medicine and the humanities. The investigation confirmed the importance of the development of internal motivation and pointed to a connection between interest studies and improving the quality of life of seniors.
High-speed photography and image analysis of orbital motion of gas bubbles in ultrasonic field
Authors: Bai Li-Chun , Sun Jin-Guang , Gao Yan-Dong ,   School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, China
Published: November 2020

Bubbles in the fluid have a great influence on the macroscopic physical properties and flow state of the fluid. The study of bubble motion in fluid is of great significance to ultrasonic cleaning, sonochemistry, flood discharge and energy dissipation, aeration and cavitation reduction. Bubbles in the fluid may also exhibit a special translational motion in an ultrasonic field—orbital motion. The orbital motions of gas bubbles attached to a boundary in ultrasonic field are investigated experimentally by high-speed photography and image analysis. The present study focuses on the trajectories of wandering bubbles, the arrangement of gas bubble array, the source of gas bubbles and the surface fluctuation details of gas bubbles. It is found that the circular trajectory of the wandering gas bubble is unstable, irregular and unsmooth. The holding gas bubbles in the bubble array originate from wandering bubbles. The transformation of wandering bubbles into array bubbles is mainly realized by merging and increasing the volume, thereby reducing the Bjerknes force. The wandering bubbles are produced by the merging of a large number of cavitation bubbles in the ALF (acoustic lichtenberg figure) structure, which makes the radial vibration bubbles gradually transform into the surface fluctuating bubbles. Under the action of Bjerknes force, the array bubbles show regular surface fluctuations, while the smaller ones are completely unstable, showing extremely irregular morphology, and have an influence on the surface fluctuation of nearby array bubbles. The array bubbles show a very regular arrangement, and the adjacent array bubbles have opposite vibration phases and repel each other. The orbital motion of gas bubbles attached to a boundary is significantly different from that of the bubbles suspended in liquid. First of all, the attached bubbles move along the solid wall, while the suspended bubbles move completely away from the vessel wall in the liquid. Secondly, the attached bubbles move around a regular array of bubbles, while the suspended bubbles move orbitally alone. In addition, the attached bubble is nearly hemispherical, and its surface fluctuates violently, and its motion track is extremely unsmooth, which is different from the circular motion of spherical suspended bubble. Finally, there is a strong interaction between the attached wandering bubble and the array bubble, which has a great influence on the vibration and trajectory of the attached bubble. In contrast, the circular motion of the suspended bubble does not have such a complex effect.
Breakup process of liquid jet in gas film
Authors: Zhang Bin , Cheng Peng , Li Qing-Lian , Chen Hui-Yuan , Li Chen-Yang ,   Science and Technology on Scramjet Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: November 2020

In order to study the breakup process of liquid jet in gas film, the backlit photography technique and the VOF TO DPM method are used for experimental and simulation research respectively. Water and air are used as simulant media. Grid adaptive technology is used to refine the gas-liquid interface grid and improve the capture accuracy of the gas-liquid interface. The results show that there are two main breakup processes of liquid jet in gas film: column breakup and surface breakup. The local high-pressure zone in front of the liquid jet makes the jet have a large normal velocity gradient, which causes R-T instability. The surface wave that is generated by the R-T instability is mainly responsible for the liquid column breakup. When the thin liquid film reaches a column breakup point, the airflow penetrating the trough of the surface wave causes the jet column to break. The tangential velocity gradient is generated when the gas film bypasses the liquid jet surface, which causes K-H instability. The K-H surface waves cause ligaments and droplets to strip from the surface of the liquid jet. The local momentum ratio has an important influence on the breakup process of the liquid jet in gas film. When the local momentum ratio is low, the breakup of liquid jet is dominated by the K-H instability. As the local momentum ratio increases, the breakup of liquid jet is gradually dominated by R-T instability. The local momentum ratio plays an important role in the distribution range of the liquid jet in gas film. When the local momentum ratio is low, the ligaments and droplets caused by the liquid jet are mainly distributed within the range of gas film. As the local momentum ratio increases, part of the ligaments and droplets escape from the range of the gas film. The liquid jet penetrates the gas film when the local momentum ratio is greater than 0.74. The breakup length and the penetration depth are both affected by the local momentum ratio. The breakup length increases with the local momentum ratio increasing. The penetration depth also increases with the local momentum ratio, and the penetration depth increases significantly when the liquid jet penetrates the gas film.
Thermal influence caused by the vertical distribution of reflected solar radiation and re‐radiation on the building in various climate areas and its solar shading method
Authors: Kawasaki Kengo , Aoki Tetsu , Sudo Mine , Mizutani Akio
Published: November 2020

Most houses in Japan have the floor‐length windows to take the natural light into the room. Reflected solar radiation and Re‐radiation from the ground (Reflection) enter through the window and increase the cooling load, therefore reducing reflection to the building is necessary. We focused that reflection is greatly affected by the ground surface, its heat flux may vary depending on the height from the ground. This study presented the thermal influence by the vertical distribution of reflection on the building in various climate areas and considered the solar shading method based on that distribution. The calculation results using Sol‐Air Temperature showed that the incident heat flux of reflection increased on the lower part of the building surface, and the vertical distribution of reflection existed in various areas. We propose to shield up to the lower half part of the building as a solar shading method considering the vertical distribution of reflection. This method could be able to shield most of reflection and incorporate natural light from the top half of the window to ensure room brightness and view, that is expected to be effective in improving indoor comfort and reducing the load of cooling and lighting.
Microwave Waveguide‐Type Hyperbolic Metamaterials
Authors: Fu Jichao , Jin Yi , Evans Julian , He Sailing
Published: November 2020

Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMs) supporting hyperbolic isofrequency curves (IFCs) provide unprecedented control on wave propagation and light‐matter interaction. However, in the microwave regime, ultrahigh wave vectors and customizable permittivity tensors cannot be supported simultaneously by current common HMs. Based on the waveguide principle, low‐loss waveguide‐type HMs (WHMs) are suggested as a new geometry format of microwave HMs, flexibly mixing positive and negative components in their effective permittivity tensors. Then, a deeply subwavelength WHM cavity, confirming the existence of giant wave vectors, is demonstrated, whose transverse size has a potential to be reduced to three orders smaller than the working free‐space wavelength. Such a WHM cavity is also demonstrated to follow the fascinating anomalous scaling law originating from the unique shape of hyperbolic IFCs. As a low‐loss platform, WHMs are predicted to produce distinctive physical phenomena based on HMs and provide novel functional devices at low frequencies.
Green–Solvent–Processable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cui Yuying , Wang Shurong , Ding Liming , Hao Feng
Published: November 2020

Organ–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention with a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) beyond 25% due to their superior photoelectric properties. However, most reported high‐efficiency PSCs are fabricated with toxic solvents, which raises a major obstacle for potential commercialization. Herein, the recent research progress of green solvents for high‐efficiency PSCs is summarized from antisolvents, precursor solvents, and solvents for electron/hole transport materials, aiming to promote the development of green solvents for PSCs and meet the requirement of sustainable development of the PSCs field. Future challenges and prospects are also discussed to expedite the rational design of green‐solvent‐processed PSCs.
Successful postoperative analgesia with ilio‐inguinal nerve block following sclerotherapy for a labial venous malformation
Authors: Kim S. , Josephs S. , Tsui B. C. H
Published: November 2020

Though ilio‐inguinal nerve block has been commonly utilised in male urologic surgery, a single injection ilio‐inguinal nerve block alone has not previously been reported for analgesia of the vulva. In this report, we describe the case of a 14‐year‐old girl undergoing sclerotherapy of a venous malformation affecting the labia majora and minora. After induction of anaesthesia, we performed an ultrasound‐guided ilio‐inguinal nerve block using a total volume of 15 ml of ropivacaine 0.2% with 1 μg.ml−1 dexmedetomidine which provided effective postoperative analgesia. Though the patient received intravenous analgesia intra‐operatively and had an inpatient bed reserved in anticipation of severe postoperative pain, she required no further analgesia and was discharged home following 2 hours in the postoperative anaesthesia care unit. With the additional use of dexmedetomidine resulting in prolonged efficacy of the block, the patient reported effective postoperative relief for approximately 30 hours, solely using ibuprofen for pain relief. This case reminds clinicians that the ilio‐inguinal nerve block may provide benefit not only for male urologic surgery but also for procedures involving the external female genitalia, with extended analgesia with the use of dexmedetomidine.
The expert novice – living and working with malignant hyperthermia
Authors: Robbins L. V.
Published: November 2020

Acute care common stem training involves developing competencies within anaesthesia. At this stage of their career, most doctors have little or no anaesthetic experience, and work under direct consultant supervision for the majority of the placement. An emergency medicine trainee with a known diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia undertook a 6‐month anaesthetic rotation in a large teaching hospital, adding a unique set of considerations to his training. Having malignant hyperthermia posed a novel challenge to the department, and it was met with an understandable degree of uncertainty and caution. Providing the trainee with a useful and comparable introduction to anaesthesia was of concern, particularly on paediatric lists where there is increased potential for exposure to volatile anaesthetic agents. This report focuses on the trainee's personal reflection of the impact on his experience, as well as looking at how the department responded to this unfamiliar situation, and the learning points to share should a similar scenario be encountered in the future.