bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tätigkeitsanforderungen an Dienstleistungspersonal im Bildungs- und Sozialwesen
Authors: Dewe Bernd , Ferchhoff Wilfried
Published: November 2018

Die hier vorgestellten Überlegungen sind Teil einer theoretisch-rekonstruktiven Studie, wobei mittels einer Sekundäruntersuchung klassischer sowie neuerer Forschungsarbeiten zu technologischen Wandlungsprozessen im tertiären Sektor Hinweise auf veränderte berufliche Anforderungen im Bereich personenbezogener Dienstleistungstätigkeiten überprüft werden sollen. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Versuch, die institutionell und administrativ geprägten Handlungsbedingungen von personenbezogenen Dienstleistungsberuflern einer genaueren Beurteilung zu unterziehen. Auf dieser Basis wird es möglich sein, die gegenüber typischen professionellen Berufen andersartigen Anforderungen an Berufsrolleninhaber im Bildungs- und Sozialwesen bezüglich ihrer ‘knowledge base’ und der ‘professional skills' ihres praktischen Handelns herauszuarbeiten, um im weiteren durch Prozesse gesellschaftlichen Wandels bedingte Veränderungen der beruflichen Handlungskompetenz zu bestimmen. Ein Folgeproblem für derartige Berufsrolleninhaber scheint u.a. darin zu bestehen, daß sie auf Grund der mangelnden Autonomie ihres Handelns den ihnen mit der Zuteilung eines Expertenwissens zugewiesenen Status und die damit verbundene formale Kompetenz in der Interaktion mit Klienten und Untergebenen ständig legitimieren müssen, indem sie die praktische Brauchbarkeit ihres technisch-instrumentellen Sonderwissens demonstrieren. Es wird die These zu überprüfen sein, ob die hier angelegten Ursachen für eine weitergehende Technisierung des Fachwissens in personenbezogenen Dienstleistungsberufen durch Bürokratisierungstendenzen in administrativen Kontexten nochmals verstärkt werden oder nicht. In diesem Zusammenhang soll die Wechselwirkung zwischen der Reduktion beruflichen Wissens auf Sozialtechniken und einer folgenreichen Laisierung der Klientel personenbezogener Dienstleistungsberufe rekonstruiert werden. Als exemplarische Fälle personenbezogener Dienstleistungstätigkeiten werden die Berufe im Bildungs- und Sozialwesen untersucht, da hier sowohl personenbezogene, aber generalisierte Tätigkeiten (monetäre Transferleistungen und/oder Gewährleistungsarbeit) als auch persuasive personenverändernde Tätigkeiten (Beratung, Bildung, Therapie) verrichtet werden.
Das Konzept des Betriebs- bzw. Organisationsklimas und seine Anwendung in der betrieblichen Praxis
Authors: Bögel Rudolf
Published: November 2018

Gegenüber dem Betriebsklima ist Organisationsklima ein Konstrukt kollektiver Wahrnehmung, das die Gegebenheiten der Organisation mehrdimensional beschreibt. Das von v. Rosenstiel und Mitarbeitern (1983) entwickelte Verfahren zur Messung des Betriebs- und Organisationsklimas wird kurz vorgestellt, dann aber vor allem über die Bedingungen der Durchführung in der betrieblichen Praxis berichtet. Meßergebnisse der laufenden Untersuchungen werden dargestellt.
The evolution of Jakarta’s flood policy over the past 400 years: The lock-in of infrastructural solutions
Authors: Octavianti Thanti , Charles Katrina
Published: November 2018

This paper presents an analysis of the evolution of flood policy in a city in the developing world. Jakarta was selected in order to analyse the role of colonialisation on water policy. Drawing data from historical sources and interviews of key informants, we mapped the history of flood-related investments made in the city for the past 400 years. Using analysis informed by historical institutionalism, we argue that Jakarta’s flood management institutions have been locked-in to infrastructural measures. Some major flood events were able to create critical junctures, resulting in the implementation of old policies and the instigation of flood research. However, they were not able to introduce institutional changes. The persistence of engineering-driven solutions to cope with flooding can be explained by the positive feedback mechanisms taking place after major floods. Infrastructure, albeit expensive, provides a fast relief to flooding, which is ideal to short political cycles. Scientific knowledge introduced by the colonial government plays an important role in sustaining this persistence. The current massive seawall proposal to alleviate increasing flood risks due to land subsidence and sea level rise exacerbates the path dependency of infrastructural measures.
Contemporary Review of Anti-Corruption Measures in Construction Project Management
Authors: Owusu Emmanuel Kingsford , Chan Albert P. C. , DeGraft Owusu-Manu , Ameyaw Effah Ernest , Robert Osei-Kyei
Published: November 2018

This study reviews the anti-corruption measures (ACMs) developed to mitigate the pervasiveness of corruption in construction project management (CPM). Using a two-stage methodological process to identify the relevant publications needed, 39 unique ACMs were identified in 38 selected publications. The leading ACMs identified are ethical codes, transparency mechanism, training, and development initiatives. A conceptual framework constituting six thematic constructs was developed to facilitate easy identification of ACMs and categorization of future developments of ACMs. They are regulatory, managerial, probing, compliance, promotional, and reactive measures. The findings contribute in-depth understanding of ACMs in CPM and are useful for further empirical research.
Project Management Practices in Private Organizations
Authors: Tereso Anabela , Ribeiro Pedro , Fernandes Gabriela , Loureiro Isabel , Ferreira Mafalda
Published: November 2018

This article aims to make a contribution to theory, as well as to practice, by identifying which project management practices are used by most private organizations in general and by sector of activity. The influence of practitioners’ characteristics in the choice of project management practices and their use in groups are also analyzed. The results show that the most used project management practices are kick-off meetings, activity lists, progress meetings, Gantt charts, and baseline plans; however, differences between activity sectors and practitioners’ characteristics were found. The results also indicate that the most used project management practices are, in fact, used as toolsets.
Large variations in the practice patterns of surgical antiseptic preparation solutions in patients with open and closed extremity fractures: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Jurado-Ruiz Maria , Slobogean Gerard P. , Bzovsky Sofia , Garibaldi Alisha , O’Hara Nathan N. , Howe Andrea , Petrisor Brad , Sprague Sheila
Published: November 2018

Background

Surgically-managed fractures, particularly open fractures, are associated with high rates of surgical site infections (SSIs). To reduce the risk of an SSI, orthopaedic surgeons routinely clean open fracture wounds in the emergency department (ED) and then apply a bandage to the open wound. Prior to the surgical incision, it is standard practice to prepare the fracture region with an antiseptic skin solution as an additional SSI prevention strategy. Multiple antiseptic solutions are available.

Objectives

To explore the variation in practice patterns among orthopaedic surgeons regarding antiseptic solution use in the ED and antiseptic preparatory techniques for fracture surgery.

Methods

We developed a 27-item survey and surveyed members of several orthopaedic associations.

Results

Two hundred and-ten surveys were completed. 71.0% of respondents irrigate the open wound and skin in the ED, primarily with saline alone (59.7%) or iodine-based solutions (32.9%). 90.5% of responders indicated that they dress the open wound in the ED, with 41.0% applying a saline-soaked bandage and 33.7% applying an iodine-soaked dressing (33.7%). In their surgical preparation of open fractures, 41.0% of respondents used an iodine-based solution, 26.7% used a chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-based solution, and 31.4% used a combination of the two. In closed fractures, 43.8% of respondents used a CHG-based solution, 28.1% used an iodine-based solution, and 27.1% used a combination. Despite theoretical concerns about the use of alcohol in open wounds, 51.4% used alcohol-based solutions or alcohol alone during skin preparation of open fractures.

Conclusions

A lack of consensus exists regarding use of antiseptic surgical preparation solutions for fractures. High-quality clinical research is needed to assess the effectiveness of different surgical antiseptic preparation solutions on patient outcomes in fracture populations.
NemoViz: a visual interactive system for atomistic simulations design
Authors: Mejia Daniel , Kubis Tillmann , Klimeck Gerhard
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Given that the nanoscale regime has been reached, atomistic simulations are being used as predictive tools on a nanoscopic scale in nanoelectronics, materials science, and computational fluid dynamics. These simulations are generally supported by complex and specific simulation engines that require a deep knowledge of the engine as well as the field. The inputs required by these engines are usually described in long-text files, and their composition is error prone. These files contain details about the corresponding materials, geometries, algorithms, initial values, etc. The introduction of visualizations to the simulation creation process could alleviate some common user issues with simulation creation, in particular regarding the input-text files. In other fields, visual analytics have been used to facilitate user interaction with complex data. This work features a case study on the creation of a nanoelectronic device simulation and provides evidence of how the use of visual analytics reduces the cognitive complexity of defining an atomistic simulation.

Case description

NEMO5 is a tool designed to simulate the electronic properties of nanoelectronic devices on an atomistic level. In this work we introduce NemoViz, an interactive visualization tool that enables users to define the simulation inputs required by NEMO5. Regular NEMO5 users were exposed to NemoViz, and users’ effectiveness and efficiency was measured while debugging the input for a simulation.

Discussion and Evaluation

The results of this work show that NemoViz reduced the time that users spent defining the inputs of a NEMO5 simulation. When using NemoViz, Expert NEMO5 users detected errors twice as fast as when NemoViz was not used, and non-expert NEMO5 users were able to detect errors as effectively and efficiently as expert users.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the use of visual analytics as a simulation design process tool reduces the cognitive load of complex simulators such as NEMO5. Users’ interaction with visualization facilitates their understanding of output results and input descriptors, which may lead to new research codes from their widespread user base.
Short-Term Research Experience (SRE) in the Traditional Lab: Qualitative and Quantitative Data on Outcomes
Authors: Hanauer David I. , Nicholes Justin , Liao Fang-Yu , Beasley Aaron , Henter Heather
Published: November 2018

The San Diego Biodiversity Project introduces undergraduate students at four different 2- and 4-year schools to a short-term research experience (SRE) that was implemented as a module in the last third of a traditional laboratory course. The study assesses the qualities of this SRE for students using three different methods. Twenty-one participants were interviewed about their experiences in the traditional and research components of their course. In a repeated-measures design, 124 participants took the Persistence in the Sciences (PITS) survey immediately before and after their participation in the SRE. Finally, using a propensity score matching technique, PITS survey results for SRE students were compared with those for students in a course-based research experience (CRE). Student perceptions of the traditional lab and the SRE are different—students appreciate learning basic processes and procedures in the traditional lab, but they express having personal investment in and a sense of participating in science in the SRE. Significant increases were found for the variable of Project Ownership in the SRE condition over the traditional lab, but SRE outcomes were lower than CRE outcomes. Although the SRE may not provide the benefits of a CRE, it is a serious option for expanding access to authentic research.
Morning versus Evening Aerobic Training Effects on Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertension
Authors: BRITO LEANDRO C. , PEÇANHA TIAGO , FECCHIO RAFAEL Y. , REZENDE RAFAEL A. , SOUSA PATRÍCIA , DA SILVA-JÚNIOR NATAN , ABREU ANDREA , SILVA GIOVÂNIO , MION-JUNIOR DÉCIO , HALLIWILL JOHN R. , FORJAZ CLAUDIA L. M.
Published: November 2018

Introduction

The acute blood pressure (BP) decrease is greater after evening than morning exercise, suggesting that evening training (ET) may have a greater hypotensive effect.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the hypotensive effect of aerobic training performed in the morning versus evening in treated hypertensives.

Methods

Fifty treated hypertensive men were randomly allocated to three groups: morning training (MT), ET, and control (C). Training groups cycled for 45 min at moderate intensity (progressing from the heart rate of the anaerobic threshold to 10% below the heart rate of the respiratory compensation point), while C stretched for 30 min. Interventions were conducted 3 times per week for 10 wk. Clinic and ambulatory BP and hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms were evaluated before and after the interventions. Clinic assessments were performed in the morning (7:00–9:00 am) and evening (6:00–8:00 pm). Between–within ANOVA was used (P ≤ 0.05).

Results

Only ET decreased clinic systolic BP differently from C and MT (morning assessment −5 ± 6 mm Hg and evening assessment −8 ± 7 mm Hg, P < 0.05). Only ET reduced 24 h and asleep diastolic BP differently from C and MT (−3 ± 5 and −3 ± 4 mm Hg, respectively, P < 0.05). Systemic vascular resistance decreased from C only in ET (P = 0.03). Vasomotor sympathetic modulation decreased (P = 0.001) and baroreflex sensitivity (P < 0.02) increased from C in both training groups with greater changes in ET than MT.

Conclusions

In treated hypertensive men, aerobic training performed in the evening decreased clinic and ambulatory BP due to reductions in systemic vascular resistance and vasomotor sympathetic modulation. Aerobic training conducted at both times of day increases baroreflex sensitivity, but with greater after ET.
Bad Investments and Missed Opportunities? Postwar Capital Flows to Asia and Latin America
Authors: Ohanian Lee E. , Restrepo-Echavarria Paulina , Wright Mark L. J.
Published: November 2018

After World War II, international capital flowed into slow-growing Latin America rather than fast-growing Asia. This is surprising as, everything else equal, fast growth should imply high capital returns. This paper develops a capital flow accounting framework to quantify the role of different factor market distortions in producing these patterns. Surprisingly, we find that distortions in labor markets, rather than domestic or international capital markets, account for the bulk of these flows. Labor market distortions that indirectly depress investment incentives by lowering equilibrium labor supply explain two-thirds of observed flows, while improvement in these distortions over time accounts for much of Asia's rapid growth. (JEL E22, E24, E32, F21, F32, O16, O47)
How Are SNAP Benefits Spent? Evidence from a Retail Panel
Authors: Hastings Justine , Shapiro Jesse M.
Published: November 2018

We use a novel retail panel with detailed transaction records to study the effect of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) on household spending. We use administrative data to motivate three approaches to causal inference. The marginal propensity to consume SNAP-eligible food (MPCF) out of SNAP benefits is 0.5 to 0.6. The MPCF out of cash is much smaller. These patterns obtain even for households for whom SNAP benefits are economically equivalent to cash because their benefits are below their food spending. Using a semiparametric framework, we reject the hypothesis that households respect the fungibility of money. A model with mental accounting can match the facts. (JEL D12, H75, I12, I18, I38)
Masses in the era of screening tomosynthesis: Is diagnostic ultrasound sufficient?
Authors: Choudhery Sadia , Axmacher Jessica , Conners Amy Lynn , Geske Jennifer , Brandt Kathy
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

The purpose of this study is to compare diagnostic outcomes of digital breast tomosynthesis screen-detected masses worked up with mammography first with those evaluated with diagnostic ultrasound initially.

Methods:

All masses recalled from screening digital breast tomosynthesis between July 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017 that were sent either to diagnostic mammography or ultrasound were compared. Size, shape, margins, visibility on ultrasound, diagnostic assessment and pathology of all masses along with breast density were evaluated.

Results:

102/212 digital breast tomosynthesis screen-detected masses were worked up with diagnostic mammography initially and 110/212 were worked up with ultrasound directly. There was no significant difference in ultrasound visibility of masses sent to diagnostic mammography first with those sent to ultrasound first (p = 0.42). 4 (4%) masses sent to mammogram first and 2 (2%) masses sent to ultrasound first were not visualized. There was a significant difference in size between masses that were visualized under ultrasound versus those that were not (p = 0.01), when masses in both groups were assessed cumulatively.

Conclusions:

98% of digital breast tomosynthesis screen-detected masses sent to ultrasound directly were adequately assessed without diagnostic mammography.

Advances in knowledge:

There is potential for avoiding a diagnostic mammogram for evaluation of majority of digital breast tomosynthesis screen-detected masses.
O legado político de Platão sob o olhar liberal de Karl Popper: discussões em torno do advento de regimes democrático-autocráticos
Authors: Verbicaro Loiane Prado , Oliveira André Silva
Published: November 2018

Na literatura em filosofi a, teoria política e outros campos afins do conhecimento em ciências humanas e sociais, permanece inconclusiva a discussão sobre a natureza do legado político deixado por Platão. Para alguns autores, como Karl Popper, o pensamento platônico exibe indiscutíveis elementos autoritários, a ponto de influenciar decisivamente uma tradição coletivista que se contrapõe ao individualismo democrático, pedra de toque das democracias representativas de tipo liberal. Após o fim da Guerra Fria, assistiu-se ao advento dos chamados regimes híbridos ou iliberais, trazendo de volta ao debate acadêmico aspectos normativos das críticas liberais endereçadas à tradição influenciada pelo pensamento político de Platão. O trabalho, por intermédio de pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa, tem por objetivo discutir e revisitar a literatura para atualizar o debate sobre o legado do coletivismo platônico, tendo como referencial teórico o pensamento liberal de Karl Popper e a emergência dos regimes híbridos (democrático-autoritários). A conclusão principal é a de que a tensão entre o coletivismo de recorte platônico e o individualismo democrático, típico do liberalismo, permanece atual como se pode observar pelos choques entre regimes híbridos e democracias liberais.
Organizational and methodological approaches to accounting and control of library and information resource of educational institutions of higher education
Authors: Песчанникова Елена , Peschannikova Elena , Рудакова Елена , Rudakova Elena
Published: November 2018

The researches of library and information centers performed and approved by the authors on the basis of ISO 9001: 2008 provided an opportunity: to substantiate recommendations on the interaction of library, accounting and control of library and information resources in the system of material, intangible assets and expenses of these organizations; to develop regulations for accounting of documents of library and information resources of organizations; to rationally form library and information resources for educational programs; provide the required licensing and accreditation indicators of educational activities.
This monograph can be used as additional literature for educational programs in Economics, as well as in practical activities of educational institutions of higher education.
TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO INTERESTADUAL GRATUITO PARA JOVENS DE BAIXA RENDA – A INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE DA TRANSFERÊNCIA DE CUSTOS PARA A INICIATIVA PRIVADA
Authors: Bazzaneze Ricardo , Gonçalves Oksandro Osdival
Published: November 2018

Este artigo aborda os direitos sociais, especialmente, o transporte e a transferência das obrigações positivas do Estado para a iniciativa privada. Na prática, observa-se que os direitos sociais não são efetivamente garantidos pelo Estado em razão ineficiência na gestão pública dos recursos arrecadados. Sem alternativas, o Estado busca socorro junto à iniciativa privada, tal como ocorre com o Estatuto da Juventude (Lei 12.825/2013) que garantiu aos jovens de baixa renda (renda familiar de até 02 salários mínimos) com idade de 15 a 29 anos, o direito de acesso ao território e à mobilidade, para tanto, determinou que as assegurarem 02 (duas) vagas gratuitas no sistema de transporte interestadual. Assim, a partir do método dedutivo, se analisa o dever prestacional do Estado com relação aos direitos sociais garantidos pela Constituição e por meio de consulta à doutrina e jurisprudência do STF, se investiga a constitucionalidade desta à iniciativa. Por fim, o resultado da pesquisa demonstra a inconstitucionalidade da transferência dos direitos sociais exclusivamente para a iniciativa privada sem nenhuma contrapartida financeira, de modo que se sugere a reflexão a má-gestão do Estado com os recursos públicos camuflados com a transferência dos custos para a iniciativa privada.
OS ENTRAVES JURÍDICOS OCASIONADOS PELO DIREITO E PELO ESTADO PARA A NÃO CONCRETIZAÇÃO DO DIREITO À MORADIA
Authors: Andrade Diogo De Calasans Melo
Published: November 2018

o objetivo do presente artigo é buscar quais são os entraves jurídicos que impedem a concretização do direito à moradia no Brasil. Para isso, analisou-se o Estatuto da Cidade e o Plano Diretor e, percebeu-se, que os mesmos não foram devidamente regulamentados, o que compromete a aplicação do princípio da função social da propriedade urbana e, consequentemente, a moradia. Por outro lado, detectou-se que as estratégias traçadas para reduzir o déficit habitacional, trazidas pelo Plano Nacional de Habitação e pela Política Nacional de Habitação, não foram incorporadas ao Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). Na contramão, buscou-se as possíveis soluções marxistas para a escassez da moradia. Por fim, percebeu-se que os empreendimentos do PMCMV foram criados pelo Estado para satisfazer os interesses privados do setor financeiro e imobiliário, ocasionando, com isso, a segregação urbana e a mercantilização da moradia, além de consequências diretas para seus moradores e, indiretas, para toda a sociedade. Para tanto, tentou-se aplicar as teorias marxistas sobre moradia no PMCMV, utilizando-se, para tanto, teóricos estrangeiros e nacionais, além dados estatísticos coletados em pesquisas científicas sobre o tema, já realizadas anteriormente.
Movimentos populares e a questão da terra: a construção de um direito insurgente.
Authors: Nunes Larissa , Vedovato Luís Renato
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apontar a construção de um direito legítimo a partir das lutas da classe trabalhadora organizadas através dos movimentos populares, mais especificamente na questão da luta pela terra. Este direito legítimo é chamado “direito insurgente”, de acordo com uma concepção traçada pelo jurista Miguel Baldez. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e entrevistas presenciais com Miguel Baldez. A fim de apontar e justificar esta construção jurídica, o modo capitalista de produção e o direito burguês são questionados ao longo do processo histórico dos últimos séculos, onde o pensamento crítico formulado por Marx e as revoluções constituem a base dos enfrentamentos realizados até hoje no contexto da luta de classes. A criação deste novo direito, insurgente, é então trazida de maneira concreta à realidade atual, justificada pelo caráter democrático, dialético e, portanto instituidor de direitos dos movimentos populares e pela necessidade de um direito que surja como expressão jurídica legítima das lutas populares, lançando bases para necessárias transformações sociais e jurídicas.
O DIREITO DE PAISAGEM E SUA COMPROVAÇÃO NO AMBIENTE URBANO POR MEIO DA APLICAÇÃO DA TEORIA DO INTERESSE DE IHERING: inserção interdisciplinar entre o Direito e o Urbanismo
Authors: Rezende Elcio Nacur , Duarte Adriano Mendonça F.
Published: November 2018

Objetivou-se com este trabalho, analisar o problema pertinente ao reconhecimento da proteção da Paisagem Urbana como um Direito Subjetivo, bem como dos seus instrumentos regulatórios e de tutela. O método dedutivo, amparado pelo instrumental da revisão bibliográfica interdisciplinar entre o Direito e o Urbanismo, levou à conclusão de que o Direito de Paisagem possui um sistema próprio no meio ambiente urbano, com características e elementos singulares, não se diferenciando somente por sua denominação. Valeu-se também como marco teórico principal da Teoria do Interesse de Ihering para a delimitação do Direito de Paisagem como um Direito Subjetivo Difuso.
Il nuovo Codice del Terzo Settore italiano (D. Lgs. n. 117/2017)
Authors: Ceolin Mateo
Published: November 2018

Con l’approvazione del d.lgs. 3 luglio 2017, n. 117 (c.d. Codice del Terzo Settore) il legislatore ha tentato un riordino organico della materia e delle questioni gravitanti intorno ai c.d. enti non profit. Dopo molti tentativi falliti il Codice del Terzo Settore prova a porre ordine alla numerosa legislazione di settore, non solo cercando di riorganizzarla secondo criteri unitari, ma anche proponendosi quale fonte di revisione sostanziale dell’intera materia. Il nuovo testo tuttavia appare fin da subito come non esaustivo e non autosufficiente; così, per esempio, il testo del Codice Civile relativo alle persone giuridiche non viene toccato se non marginalmente, nonostante una direttiva in senso contrario contenuta nella Legge Delega (art. 1, comma 2, lett. a, l. 6 giugno 2016, n. 106 ); sopravvive, poi, tutta una serie di leggi speciali, cui espressamente il Codice del Terzo Settore rinvia. Sicuramente peculiare appare poi il riferimento massiccio a norme, principi e regole tipici del diritto societario, riferimento che se da una parte ha il pregio di lasciare poco spazio all’indeterminatezza, dall’altra parte può presentare il rischio dell’eccessivo appesantimento procedurale. Il Codice del Terzo Settore, ad ogni modo, pur non essendo esente da ombre come del resto è naturale che sia per testi normativi particolarmente complessi, ha l’indubbio pregio di colmare un vuoto che fino ad oggi era stato riempito perlopiù dalla sola legislazione tributaria; può dirsi che con il d. lgs. n. 117/2017 il diritto civile abbia voluto riprendersi il ruolo di protagonista che negli anni precedente gli era mancato; che ci sia davvero riuscito è ancora tutto da verificare…
A teoria do direito revisitada pelo novo realismo: pluralismo e contingência.
Authors: Bacha e Silva Diogo
Published: November 2018

O texto trabalha com uma interseção entre o novo realismo na vertente especulativa e a teoria do direito. Partindo da concepção de uma arrogância epistemológica e do conservadorismo epistemológico, é preciso sair da correlação entre o ser e o pensar para permitir que o direito adquira novos sentidos para além da subjetividade e da arbitrariedade que lhe é inerente. Ademais, a contingência do direito e o Grande Afora coloca por terra a busca pela essência, pela natureza, pelo conceito ou pelo o que é o direito. Pergunta que moveu toda a teoria do direito do século XX e XXI.
A GUERRA E A VIOLÊNCIA NA POLÍTICA EM CLAUSEWITZ
Authors: Borges de Macedo Paulo Emílio Vauthier
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho pretende demonstrar que a guerra faz parte da sociedade internacional, da sua natureza mesmo, ou, nas palavras de Carl von Clausewitz, a guerra é a “continuação da política por outros meios”. Se essa afirmação for aceita, não se pode conceber a guerra como algo alheio e, até mesmo, avesso à Política e ao Direito. Antes, ela integra o quotidiano das relações entre os Estados: uma medida que políticos e chefes de Estado utilizam com tanta naturalidade como outra qualquer; não raro, nem mesmo constitui a última ratio. Aqui, intenta provar-se duas teses: a da “naturalização” da guerra e a da sua instrumentalização. Os conflitos armados não são uma “doença” que acometem os Estados, nem o resultado de uma mente insana, mas um dos instrumentos postos à disposição dos homens de governo, uma das formas pela qual se manifesta a Política. Sem dúvida que não se trata de uma forma qualquer, mas daquela que se vale de um meio bastante singular: a violência. Ainda assim, esta medida, por mais cruel que possa parecer, não significa a falência da Política e do Direito. Clausewitz apresenta dois conceitos de guerra, o absoluto e o real, os quais demonstram o funcionamento da lógica e da tensão presente na essência da sociedade internacional. A seguir, o trabalho procurará mostrar que Clausewitz era um homem do contexto do equilíbrio europeu e que, portanto, não poderia advogar a tese da “guerra total”, como releituras posteriores — sobretudo a de Ludendorff — fizeram crer. O conceito de guerra absoluta de Clausewitz é distinto daquele de guerra total; este foi uma derivação imprópria. Por fim, buscar-se-á traçar uma genealogia do pensamento do autor até O Príncipe de Maquiavel. Esse percurso tem por objetivos demonstrar a relação estreita entre guerra e Política; no caso, entre a formulação clausewitziana de guerra e a teoria política de Maquiavel. Empregou-se uma metodologia indutiva. O autor foi estudado a partir de três fontes primárias: A campanha de 1812 na Rússia, Princípios da Guerra e a magna opus inacabada o Da Guerra. A referência a alguns comentadores, sobretudo Raymond Aron, foi também necessária.
CRIMES VERDES E COLARINHO BRANCO: A MÁFIA DA MADEIRA NA AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL, UMA VIOLAÇÃO AOS DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Lima Renata Miranda , Ferreira Julio Cesar De Souza , TEIXEIRA MARCO ANTONIO DOMINGUES
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: O presente artigo trata da ação de organizações criminosas na prática de delitos ambientais na Amazônia ocidental, com foco de pesquisa na extração ilegal de madeira em reservas ambientais localizadas no estado de Rondônia. O objetivo da pesquisa é apresentar o crime ambiental por um prisma ainda não explorado, a ação de grupos e organizações criminosas com alta lucratividade em detrimento do meio ambiente e em prejuízo à população tradicional, o que se traduz em violação a direitos humanos em várias vertentes. A pesquisa é aplicada, de abordagem qualitativa, com levantamento de dados das respectivas delegacias de polícia e pesquisa bibliográfica acerca do tema. Como resultados, conclui-se que a exploração clandestina de madeira em reservas ambientais não é crime eventual ou isolado e sim ação de grupos criminosos de estrutura ordenada com divisão de tarefas, configurando verdadeiras organizações criminosas.
As particularidades jurídicas da ocupação do espaço urbano da capital de um jovem ex-território na Amazônia Ocidental: violações de direitos humanos e resistência
Authors: Jacarandá Rodolfo De Freitas , Gonçalves André Vilas Boas , Lima Paloma Carvalho
Published: November 2018

O trabalho analisa as formas de colonização da cidade de Porto Velho, a utilização do instituto da enfiteuse, a violação ao direito humano à moradia digna e propõe uma forma de defesa processual que privilegia a função social da propriedade. Utilizamos uma abordagem qualitativa, descritiva, com metodologia bibliográfica-documental. Pesquisamos também junto ao Sistema de Automação Processual do Tribunal de Justiça de Rondônia dados sobre o quantitativo de processos distribuídos que tratam de ações possessórias na cidade de Porto Velho nas Varas Cíveis entre os anos de 2000 a 2016. O trabalho aponta que a principal fonte de conflitos ligados às questões possessórias na cidade decorre da política frágil de colonização e desenvolvimento desenvolvidas. O crescimento demográfico na cidade foi impulsionado a cada ciclo econômico que a região experimentava. A oferta de moradia não acompanhou esse crescimento. O déficit habitacional aliado a uma ausência de políticas públicas de regularização fundiária gerou uma ocupação irregular de grandes porções de terra por toda a cidade. As falhas de fiscalização pelos órgãos públicos no acompanhamento do uso que os foreiros faziam das porções de terra que recebiam refletem na insegurança jurídica e constantes conflitos até os dias atuais.
O aprimoramento das instituições como garantia do efetivo acesso à justiça
Authors: Secco Marcio , Wagner Juliana Mendes de Oliveira , Cardoso Wanderley José
Published: November 2018

O acesso à justiça é tradicionalmente compreendido como a possibilidade de judicializar demandas em igualdade de oportunidades e de obter nestas resultados justos. Todavia, reduzi-lo ao poder de litigar o restringe à atuação do poder judiciário e estimula a propositura de ações e o descaso das instituições públicas em garantir direitos humanos e fundamentais administrativamente. A partir desta premissa, o objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar que a sistemática violação de direitos por parte das instituições públicas que deveriam ter como finalidade garantir os mesmos direitos, acaba por criar sérias dificuldades ao acesso à justiça das pessoas mais vulneráveis. A metodologia utilizada é de abordagem qualitativa, quanto aos procedimentos é bibliográfica e documental e, quanto aos objetivos é explicativa e descritiva. Concluímos que a compreensão tradicional do direito ao acesso à justiça limita o próprio direito e serve de subterfúgio para a omissão das instituições, que, muitas vezes, adotam uma postura protelatória, baseada em negativas excessivamente burocráticas, compelindo o cidadão a buscar por via judicial aquilo a que indubitavelmente faz jus. O presente estudo esclarece que a plenitude do acesso à justiça depende de um conjunto de esforços empreendidos por instituições, mecanismos, pessoas e procedimentos voltados para a efetivação de direitos.
Pinpoint Loading Examinations of Poly(lactic acid) Biopolymers
Authors: Kotrocz Luca , Bakonyi Péter
Published: November 2018

We have made a new mounting unit for Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) equipment, suitable for measuring microhardness and indentation, and examined its usability on thermoplastic poly(lactic acid) (PLA) material.  We used a Vickers-type microhardness indenter, and examined the dimensions of the indented area and the loading force. This novel unit is suitable for measuring the short and long-term behavior of the material using pinpoint load not only at room temperature (20-23 °C) – like common hardness tests – but at a wide range of temperatures.
Assessment of reinforced concrete structures in marine environment: a case study
Authors: Loreto Giovanni , Di Benedetti Matteo , De Luca Antonio , Nanni Antonio
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the results of a series of investigations that were performed on a reinforced concrete bridge structure exposed to marine environment in subtropical weather. Data were obtained by assessing the structural conditions using visual observations, nondestructive evaluations, and laboratory testing in order to define the cause and the level of concrete deterioration due to corrosion. In addition, a probabilistic methodology was used to compute the time of corrosion initiation focusing on reinforced concrete subjected to a similar chloride environment. The initial service life was predicted with a method that employed the use of statistical models of the governing parameters obtained from field data. Results show that this approach could be utilized for assessment of existing and new constructions and/or as a tool for decision-making process during the structural design phase.
Approximate property of a functional equation with a general involution
Authors: Park Won-Gil , Bae Jae-Hyeong
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional equation f(x + y, z + w) + f(x + σ(y),z + τ(w)) = 2f(x, z) + 2f(y, w), where σ, τ are involutions.
Beyond Risk Sharing and Risk Reduction
Authors: Bénassy-Quéré Agnès
Published: November 2018

The debate on the reform of the euro area has confronted those who prioritize “risk reduction” with those who insist on “risk sharing”. Such antagonism is misleading since both items are complements rather than substitutes. It is also insufficient as it misses the core questions of macroeconomic convergence and of the modernization of the subsidiarity concept.
Who are “The Taxpayers”?
Authors: Williamson Vanessa S.
Published: November 2018

Who are the taxpayers? In political rhetoric, the taxpayer is often the hardworking counterpoint to the undeserving welfare recipient, or the long-suffering victim of government corruption and ineptitude. And yet, despite its potency as a political symbol, we know little about who is understood by the public to be among the taxpaying class. New survey data reveal that there is a large discrepancy between the population of self-described taxpayers and the population of perceived taxpayers; about 93% of US adults describe themselves as taxpayers, but they imagine that only about 69% of their peers pay taxes. In the control condition, Republicans had lower estimates of the taxpaying population, were more concerned that low-income people do not pay enough in taxes, and low-income Republicans were more likely to doubt their own status as taxpayers. After receiving information about the substantial total tax liability of low-income people, Republicans and Democrats’ views of the taxpaying population converged. However, in the condition that focused on low-income Americans as net beneficiaries of the federal tax system, partisans had opposite responses. Low-income Democrats become less likely to describe themselves as taxpayers while low-income Republicans become more likely to assert their status as taxpayers. The results have implications for how and why the parties talk about tax policy, and suggest that the identity of “the taxpayer” has both an economic and a political resonance worthy of greater scholarly scrutiny.
Tax Designs and Tax Attitudes
Authors: Campbell Andrea Louise
Published: November 2018

The watchword of the policy feedbacks approach to political analysis – that politics shapes policy – suggests that the way in which taxes are designed may influence how the public feels about various levies: their support for those taxes, their perceptions of fairness, and their willingness to pay them. Hypotheses about the design features of different taxes Americans pay, including tax regressivity or progressivity, the manner in which they are exacted, their actual and perceived costs, and the visibility and desirability of resulting benefits, are examined with closed- and open-ended survey data. Taxes with more attractive design features are generally more positively perceived by the public. Open-ended responses help explain the fairness perceptions and popularity of several taxes, including a widespread belief that estate taxes constitute “double taxation” and the considerable embrace of the notion that “everyone pays” state sales tax (as opposed to the federal income tax, where some rich and poor people “get away” without paying). These results help explain why some taxes invite more ire than others.
Land deformation associated with exploitation of groundwater in Changzhou City measured by COSMO-SkyMed and Sentinel-1A SAR data
Authors: Chen Deliang , Lu Yanyan , Jia Dongzhen
Published: November 2018

The Urban Agglomeration in Yangtze River Delta is one of the most important economic and industrial regions in China. The City of Changzhou is one of the most important industrial citys in Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Activities here include groundwater exploration. Groundwater overexploitation has contributed to the major land deformation in this city. The severity and magnitude of land deformation over time were investigated in Changzhou City. A Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technology, provides a useful tool in measuring urban land deformation. In this study, a time series of COSMO-SkyMed and Sentinel-1A SAR images covering Changzhou City were acquired. SBAS-InSAR imaging technique was used to survey the extent and severity of land deformation associated with the exploitation of groundwater in Changzhou City. Leveling data was used to validate the SBAR-InSAR productions, the error of SBAR-InSAR annual subsidence results was within 2 mm. The results showed that three main land subsidence zones were detected at Xinbei, Tianning and Wujin District. Four subsidence points were selected to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of land subsidence. The subsidence rate of P1 to P4 was −2.48 mm/year, −12.78 mm/year, −18.09 mm/year, and −12.69 mm/year respectively. Land subsidence over Changzhou showed a trend of slowing down from 2011 to 2017, especially in Wujin District. SBAR-InSAR derived land deformation that correlates with the water level change in six groundwater stations. Indicated that with groundwater rebound, the land rebound obviously, and the maximum rebound vale reached 9.13 mm.
Feasibility of applying viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) orientation in the study of palaeowind direction by loess magnetic fabric
Authors: Xie Xingjun , Kong Xianghui , Du Yajuan , Chang Qiufang , Tang Ling , Zhou Jie
Published: November 2018

The loess formation sampling method on the Chinese Loess Plateau generally involves the acquisition of samples from the basset section and the drilling core. Constraints imposed by the precision of the drilling machine operation make it difficult to determine the orientation of the samples due to the rotation of the core.

Although researchers have proposed solutions for reconstructing the north direction of the samples by adopting the viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) orientation, it remains uncertain whether this approach can be adopted in studies that use the magnetic fabric to trace the palaeomonsoonal direction, and the degree to which this approach will change the magnetic fabric results.

Based on the achievements of other researchers, we adopted the VRM orientation of the basset section samples oriented in the field. By determining how the VRM orientation changes the magnetic fabric of loess over different demagnetization temperature ranges, we can draw the preliminary conclusion that there is no significant difference between the magnetic fabric information of the loess obtained at 100–150°C VRM orientation and that obtained from the field orientation (the statistical bin size is 22.5°, significance levelα= 0.05). This indicates that the VRM orientation approach is feasible for studying non-oriented drilling core samples to determine the prevailing surface paleowind direction with appropriate precision.
Spiritual belief and its link with potentially addictive behaviors in a youth sample in Switzerland
Authors: Chen Fei , Berchtold André , Barrense-Dias Yara , Suris Joan-Carles
Published: November 2018

Background

Earlier studies suggested a positive impact of spirituality on addictive disorders, but this effect has rarely been studied in a large adolescent and young adult population.

Aim

To examine the association between spiritual beliefs (general belief, the supporting role of spiritual belief, the critical role of spiritual belief) and potentially addictive behaviors (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and other illegal drugs, excessive Internet use and gambling).

Methods

Data were collected using online self-report questionnaires among a sample of 5179 adolescents and young adults aged 15–24 years in post-mandatory education in Switzerland. Statistical analysis at bivariate and multivariate level was performed.

Results

At the bivariate level, spiritual beliefs were linked to a lower risk of tobacco smoking, alcohol misuse and cannabis use as well as an increased risk of Internet overuse and gambling. However, at the multivariate level, controlling for age, gender, language and place of birth, significant associations were found only for alcohol misuse, Internet overuse and gambling.

Conclusion

The study provides evidence that spiritual belief could protect youth from the risk of alcohol misuse but could also increase the risk of excessive Internet use and gambling. The role of spiritual beliefs in preventing or motivating these problematic behaviors is of great interest for adolescent health care providers and should be considered in the light of the separation-individuation process and transition from adolescence to adulthood.
High adenovirus 36 seroprevalence among a population of Hispanic American youth
Authors: LaVoy Emily C. , Arlinghaus Katherine R. , Rooney Bridgette V. , Gupta Priti , Atkinson Richard , Johnston Craig A.
Published: November 2018

Infection with adenovirus 36 (Ad36) has been associated with risk of obesity in youth in some studies, but the seroprevalence of this virus has not been examined among all populations. As Hispanic-American youth are of greater risk for obesity than other American youth, we sought to determine the proportion of Ad36 seropositive (Ad36+) students in an urban middle school serving a Hispanic population. We further examined if Ad36+ students were more likely to have obesity, and if Ad36 serostatus impacted changes in weight status following a health intervention. We determined body mass index (BMI) at the beginning and end of a 16-week health intervention among 40 Hispanic-American middle-school students. Ad36 serostatus was determined by enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA). Seventy percent of the students were Ad36+. Ad36+ and Ad36 seronegative (Ad36−) did not differ before or after the intervention in body weight measures. The odds of being classified as obese was 1.4 times greater among Ad36+ than Ad36− at baseline, and 2.4 times greater post-intervention, but these were not statistically significant. We report a high seroprevalence of Ad36 among a population of Hispanic-American students. Ad36 seropositivity was associated with a trend for a greater likelihood of having obesity, but did not impact response to a health intervention.
Flourishing and academic engagement among adolescents with overweight and obesity
Authors: Rupp Kristie , McCoy Stephanie M.
Published: November 2018

Background

Overweight and obesity in adolescence are associated with several negative health indicators; the association with flourishing, an indicator of overall well-being, is less clear.

Objectives

To examine associations between weight status and indicators of flourishing and academic engagement in adolescents.

Subjects

Analyses included 22,078 adolescents (10–17 years) from the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health.

Methods

Adolescents were grouped according to body mass index (BMI) classification; outcomes included indicators of flourishing and academic engagement. Logistic regression models assessed the odds of each outcome comparing adolescents with overweight and adolescents with obesity to healthy weight adolescents.

Results

For flourishing, adolescents with overweight and adolescents with obesity were less likely to stay calm during a challenge (17% and 30%, respectively; p < 0.01); adolescents with obesity were 30% less likely to finish a task they started (p < 0.001), and 34% less likely to show interest in new things (p < 0.001) in comparison to healthy weight peers. Adolescents with obesity were 26% less likely to care about doing well in school (p < 0.001), and adolescents with overweight and adolescents with obesity were significantly less likely to complete all required homework (19% and 34%, respectively) (p < 0.001), in comparison to healthy weight peers.

Conclusions

A comprehensive approach to addressing overweight and obesity in adolescence should target improving academic engagement and flourishing to promote overall well-being.