bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyber‐security, cyber‐attack, and the development of governmental response: the librarian's view
Authors: Rudasill Lynne , Moyer Jessica
Published: September 2004

This article presents an overview of the historical development of information security policies promulgated by a variety of governments and agencies. After a brief history of the development of government technology policy in the electronic age, and a review of the possible cyber‐security threats to today's military and civilian populations, policy documents from the organization for economic co‐operation and development, the European Union, and the USA are described and compared. Analysis of the policy documents shows some similarities in the manner by which national and supra‐national political agencies are reacting to the threat of cyber‐attack. The paper alerts the library community to possible compromise in the systems with which we work, and provides some understanding of the process by which the government is reacting to threats. It concludes by encouraging the librarian to become more actively involved and informed concerning the development of government policies in this area.
Treatment of paper sheets with different resins
Authors: Nada A‐A.M.A. , Youssef E.A.M. , Abdel‐Nour K.N.
Published: September 2004

Presents findings from a study of the effects of treating unbleached bagasse paper sheets with different resin solutions. Unbleached kraft bagasse paper sheets were treated with different resin solutions such as nitrocellulose, melamine formaldehyde, silicone, short and medium alkyd resin and the physico‐mechanical properties of the modified paper sheets were tested. The strength properties of treated paper sheets were highly improved especially in the case of treatment with melamine formaldehyde and silicone resin solutions. The effect of dipping time of paper sheets in different concentrations of resin solution on the strength properties was also investigated. Physico‐mechanical properties of thermally treated modified paper sheets with resins were also clarified. Concludes that promising results in the improvement of insulation of treated paper sheets with resin are obtained by studying the dielectric‐electric properties.
MANAGING CAREERS AT PILKINGTON GLASS
Authors: Norman Derek A.
Published: September 2004

Pilkington Glass Ltd (PGL) operates in a rapidly changing world,
and depends entirely on its managers to run and control its businesses.
As part of a company strategy to improve profitability and develop
management performance PGL examined how managerial skills were being
acquired; decided what training and development activities the company
should provide; analysed succession planning through to senior
management; and asked the question, who is managing the managers′
careers? The article summarises their discussions and outlines their
current programme of management development.
MEASURING CHANGES IN STUDENTS′ PERCEPTIONS AND CAREER
PLANS: EFFECTS OF STUDY ABROAD
Authors: Helms Marilyn M. , Thibadoux Greg M.
Published: September 2004

Measures the effects of experiences of undergraduate business
students completing the Summer Study Abroad programme. Information was
gathered through structured questionnaires and informal interviews.
Responses were grouped into four areas: cognitive changes; cultural
awareness; personal growth; and changes in subsequent behaviour. Results
indicate that the international study programme has an extensive and
lasting effect on participants, leading to greater cultural awareness,
personal growth and an interest in worldwide affairs.
CAREER PLANNING FOR THE INDIVIDUAL
Authors: Stevens Paul
Published: September 2004

Addresses the issue of career planning; rather than being a series
of haphazard moves it should involve people actively planning their
future careers and knowing the skills of self‐development and
self‐knowledge.
WHEN OLDER WORKERS ARE NOT EXPENDABLE: ORGANIZATIONAL
CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HIRING AND DEVELOPING PEOPLE OVER AGE 55
Authors: London Manuel
Published: September 2004

Explores organizational conditions associated with continued career
opportunities for older workers. Specifically, examines relationships
between selected organizational conditions (size, industry, and recent
hiring level); need for older workers (organizational growth and labour
shortage); age composition of the workforce; initiatives to accommodate,
use and develop older workers; employers′ attitudes towards older
workers; and employers′ interest in participating in a job fair to hire
older workers. Data were collected in 306 firms in one geographic area.
The results show that accommodating, using, and training older workers
were related to need and age composition of the employee body. Desire to
hire older workers in the future was linked to organization size, need,
and existing programmes which accommodate older workers. Discusses the
results in terms of employers′ increasing willingness to accommodate and
retain older workers by providing opportunities for continued
development.
TECHNICAL AND MANAGERIAL CAREER PATHS: AN UNRESOLVED
DILEMMA
Authors: Hesketh Beryl , Gardner Dianne , Lissner Dianne
Published: September 2004

Reports a study aimed at using fuzzy ratings to examine the
relationship of satisfaction to the fit between career path preferences
and perceived career path opportunities among 53 senior engineer
managers and 96 trainee engineers. Satisfaction was related to the
perceived fit between preference and opportunities. Senior respondents′
actual career paths (managerial, technical, or those waiting for
promotion into one or other path) were not well matched to their
preferences, with those in paths that were less well matched being less
satisfied. Despite a strong recognition of the importance of technical
excellence in organizations, the managerial career path was perceived as
providing the major opportunity for promotion. Outlines possible ways of
dealing with the inherent conflict between managerial and technical
roles; including recommendations for job evaluation systems, job
redesign, and incentive payments to keep up with technical skills.
WORK, EDUCATION AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE: RECONSIDERING SOME
TWENTIETH‐CENTURY MYTHS
Authors: Kimeldorf Martin , Kimeldorf Howard
Published: September 2004

Suggests that the industrial democracies, poised to enter the next
century, face many new and troubling challenges. Long‐term economic
decline, growing social inequality and the transformation of core
institutions such as the family and schools threaten not only our
cherished sense of security but our very way of life. States that, in
searching for solutions to some of our most pressing problems, we must
look beyond the popular myths which promise easy answers through the
application of “high‐tech” methods of production, supposedly
creating a growing demand for highly educated “service”
workers. Focusing instead on the underlying sources of the crisis,
offers a critical, wide‐ranging view of the changing character of work
and its relationship to technology, education, family, leisure,
equality, and politics – pointing ultimately to some profound
changes in institutions and societal values which are needed if we are
successfully to navigate our way into the twenty‐first century and
beyond. Gives practical guidelines and suggestions for implementing some
of the more modest proposals.
TELECOMMUTING AND EMPLOYEE EFFECTIVENESS: CAREER AND
MANAGERIAL ISSUES
Authors: Wright Phillip C. , Oldford Adrienne
Published: September 2004

Telecommuting takes the concept of decentralization to its furthest
degree. Managerial careers change, in that facilitation and the ability
to service employees become the essential skills. Results, rather than
visible inputs and “time‐in”, become important. Similarly,
employees can develop alternate, less stressful, more productive
lifestyles, as they are freed from constant interruptions. In order to
make the telecommuting process work, however, the organizations must
install proper policies and procedures, while providing proper training
to managers, telecommuters and non‐telecommuters. Also, management must
insist that some time is spent in the office and that communication
remains open.
CAREER DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE STRATEGIES
Authors: Stevens Paul
Published: September 2004

Describes organizational interventions employers can use to
stimulate employees taking up responsibility for developing their own
careers. Illustrates a range of career development support systems such
as information centres, software workshops and counselling practices.
A CHALLENGE TO CAREER MANAGEMENT PRACTICE
Authors: Fish Alan , Wood Jack
Published: September 2004

First in a series of three articles, addressing the literature and
current practice on career management. The series begins by questioning
the traditional perspective of careers and centres largely on
intraorganizational issues and continuous upward movement. Suggests that
interorganizational, interindustry and international career mobility are
not only viable career options but becoming increasingly important.
Given the changing nature of the global business community and apparent
increasing practice of manager transfer as well as the increasing need
to address more creative career options for managers, the importance of
an examination of manager mobility and associated career practices would
seem appropriate.
HRM AND INTERNATIONAL EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT: A STRATEGIC
LINK FOR AUSTRALIAN BUSINESS
Authors: Fish Alan , Wood Jack
Published: September 2004

The increasing literature on international human resource
management has produced findings which are largely repetitive and
anecdotal and as such are contributing to a reemerging problem for
Australian business enterprises wishing to increase their international
business activity. The problem concerns the factors which organizations
need to consider in most effectively developing and managing
international management career programmes. What has traditionally been
missing is a strategic framework that links appropriate international
human resource management practices with an enterprise′s international
business agenda. Develops an argument around this central theme which
provides an overview of the need to address what is an emerging problem
for Australian business enterprises – how international management
careers are best developed and managed in the context of a firm′s human
resource management strategy and its strategic international business
activity.
New Developments in Computer‐aided Manufacturing
Authors: Corbo Anthony , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: September 2004

The key word with respect to computer‐aided manufacturing is
“speed”. Almost all new developments in this high‐tech field
centre on decreasing production time. First, the importance of an
up‐to‐date software program that will cut decision‐making time is shown.
Next, DOS extenders for 386 based systems offer increased speed but can
be expensive. Finally, the effects of new developments on the
labourforce and labour unions are also compared. All of these related
topics are clearly enhanced by real‐life examples.
Product Standardisation and Process Similitude
Authors: De Toni Alberto , Zipponi Luca
Published: September 2004

The reasons which make an integrated product‐process approach
necessary are described: also indicated are the aim of simultaneous
product‐process design, attainment of flexibility in stable operating
conditions, and variables connected with integrated design, i.e. the
degree of product standardisation and the degree of process similitude,
concur in determining the applicative fields of the various automation
typologies (CNC machines, FMS, flexible transfers, rigid transfers,
etc.).
Lead Time and Cost Reduction: A CNC Programming System for
Motor Vehicle Prototypes
Authors: Fireman Jerry
Published: September 2004

Switching to the MasterCam CNC programming system has allowed Ford
Motor Company research staff to produce a wide variety of prototype
parts with complex contours on CNC machine tools rather than building
patterns by hand and casting the parts. The advantages have been
impressive. (1) The need to build patterns by hand has been eliminated,
thus reducing the cost of the average prototype part by 75 per cent. (2)
Lead time has been reduced from an average of three weeks for pattern
making, mould making and casting to a typical 48 hours for programming
and CNC machining; and (3) prototype quality has been greatly improved
because the machined parts possess mathematically sound contours rather
than hand filed approximations.
Manufacturing Strategy Formulation and Implementation: The
Education and Training Role
Authors: Staughton Roy , Kinnie Nick , Smith Rebecca , Davies Huw
Published: September 2004

Manufacturing strategy needs to be appropriate to the needs of the
organization acceptable to all employees, and capable of subsequent
renewal by management. To achieve this, attention needs to be paid not
only to the objectives and framework of the manufacturing strategy, but
also to the processes through which the manufacturing strategy is
formulated, implemented, and adapted. Argues that these processes are
essentially iterative passing through a series of cycles in response to
a changing set of conditions. Whilst education and training issues are
central to these processes, little research has been carried out. Puts
forward one possible approach to dealing with these issues where
education and training are handled by analysts external to the
organization. This temporary resource or “locum” team works
with the organization to achieve the ultimate aim of managers being able
to formulate, implement, and review their own manufacturing strategy.
This is achieved by helping managers to formulate a manufacturing
strategy, providing guidance to them to implement the strategy and
setting up monitoring and review mechanisms.
Identification of the Requirements of Manufacturing Control
Systems: A Key Charactericstics Approach
Authors: Kochhar Ashok , McGarrie Brian
Published: September 2004

Based on detailed analysis of seven case studies, involving
consideration of approximately 300 parameters and face to face
interviews with senior managers, identifies key characteristics which
should be taken into account during the selection and effective
implementation of different types of manufacturing control systems in
individual manufacturing environments. These key characteristics help
identify the need for particular functions of manufacturing control
systems, as well as the impact on effective implementation and
operation. They are grouped under the headings of complexity,
uncertainty and flexibility. Concludes with a discussion of a structured
approach which may be used to take account of key characteristics during
the selection of a manufacturing control system.
Master Production Scheduling and Capacity Planning: The
Link?
Authors: Burcher Peter
Published: September 2004

Concentrates on two key aspects of manufacturing resource planning
(MRPII) theory and design, namely; how master production scheduling is
carried out in differing business environments and how well the
“closing of the loop” operates by checking the capacity
requirements of the different levels of plans within an organization.
The methodology involved detailed investigations into master scheduling
and capacity planning in eight diverse manufacturing companies. This was
followed by a nationwide survey of users, a survey of all the major
suppliers of production management software in the UK and an analysis of
the facilities offered by current software packages. The main conclusion
which is drawn is that in the majority of companies, only just over 50
per cent are attempting resource and capacity planning and only 20 per
cent are successfully feeding back capacity requirements planning (CRP)
information to “close the loop”. Various causative factors
are put forward and remedies are suggested.
Controlling action research projects
Authors: Avison David , Baskerville Richard , Myers Michael
Published: September 2004

Action research (AR), which emphasises collaboration between researchers and practitioners, is a qualitative research method that has much potential for the information systems (IS) field. AR studies of IS phenomena are now beginning to be published in the IS research literature. However, the rigour of many AR studies in IS can be improved. When AR has been published, the findings have frequently been emphasised at the expense of the process. In this article, we look at the process in AR projects, and look at some of the key choices and alternatives in controlling AR. We discuss three aspects of control: the procedures for initiating an AR project, those for determining authority within the project, and the degree of formalisation. We analyse seven recent AR projects in IS and from this analysis distil recommendations for determining these control structures.
The Application of Computers in the Control Function
Authors: Leslie David , McDowell David , Gummer Horst
Published: September 2004

Increasing emphases on effective and efficient use of resources
make it imperative that the potential of any one resource is maximised.
In addressing the application of computers in the control function the
value of a more holistic role for microprocessors in the hospitality
industry is discussed. The possible enhancement in reporting quality,
quantity and rate in a number of areas of hotel operations are outlined
as well as the application and implications of microprocessors as
planning aids in the formulation and attainment of managerial
objectives.
Planning for Industry: A Study in Curriculum Design
Authors: Luke David , Ingold Anthony
Published: September 2004

This study sought to determine the views of professional
hospitality managers and new diplomate entrants to the industry as to
their perception of the degree to which courses in hospitality
management prepare new entrants for their role in the industry. The
feedback obtained has been used to revise the course structure of an HND
in hotel and catering management. However, the authors have some
reservations about future developments of the industry as perceived by
both groups and these are discussed.
Managing Instability in the Hospitality Operations
Environment. Part Two: Variety
Authors: Brotherton Bob , Coyle Mike
Published: September 2004

As the second in a series of three articles, exploring the problems
arising from instability in the Hospitality Operations Environment
(HOE), this article develops an analysis of the sources, incidence and
problems arising from undesirable variety. The discussion focuses on the
need to manage variety across the whole hospitality operation, as
opposed to a concentration on product variety. The potential sources of
variety are identified in the HOE′s products, processes and structures
and proposals are advanced to assist the operational manager in managing
variety. In particular the control/flexibility dilemma is explored and
the desirability of variety in the production and delivery aspects of
the HOE is given special attention.
Managing Variety in the Hospitality Operations Environment
Authors: Brotherton Bob , Coyle Mike
Published: September 2004

Checklist questions asked of operations managers in the hotel
industry regarding potential sources of variety are set out, including
Human/Financial/ Material/Equipment/Time and Space Resources and
Operational Methods, with the object of eliminating undesirable variety.
An Information Technology Strategy for the Hospitality
Industry of the 1990s
Authors: Gamble Paul R.
Published: September 2004

Delayed initiatives in respect of information technology do not
seem to have resulted in major gains for the hospitality industry. On
the contrary, there are many symptoms of a lack of firm direction. A
strategic approach to IT offers the advantages of planning and
consistency. It is necessary if companies are to manage their approach
to IT effectively over the next decade. As the significant changes in
the operating environment of the 1990s begin to make themselves evident,
hospitality companies may well come to recognise an IT strategy as a key
component of continued successful growth.
The Small Firm in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Quinn Ursula , Larmour Rab , McQuillan Nicola
Published: September 2004

In the past ten years there has been an unprecedented growth in the
number of small firms. This growth has taken place within the
hospitality industry as well as within other elements of the service
sector. Examines some of the factors which have prompted growth of the
small firm as well as some of the personal characteristics of the
individuals who run these small firms. Draws on research into small
firms undertaken throughout Northern Ireland and takes an in‐depth look
at one successful small firm, Manor House Catering Services.
The Banking Sector and Small Firm Failure in the UK Hotel
and Catering Industry
Authors: Boer Andrew
Published: September 2004

Considers the causes of the high bankruptcy rate in small firms in
the hotel and catering industry and suggests that although the major
causes of failure must lie within the scope of the small firms
themselves, the contribution and actions of the major lending
institutions have done little to help to alleviate this situation.
Explores the present relationship between the small firms, the banks and
the Government and considers the effect that the turbulent competitive
market of the lending institutions has had on the small firms in the
industry. Finally the structure and nature of relationships between
banks, small firms and the governments of other European countries are
considered before conclusions are drawn.
Ferry Travel: A Case Study of Comparative Services
Authors: Gilmore Audrey , Carson David
Published: September 2004

Focuses on the products and services available on ferry travel and
passenger reaction to these services. Addresses the issue of whether
cultural differences affect customer responses to marketing activity
on‐board. Gives a description of a comparative study undertaken to
examine and compare British and Scandinavian passengers′ response to the
variety of products and services offered on board a variety of British
and Scandinavian operated ferries. As a result of this study, argues
that there is a clear need for adapting the generic ferry
product/service to suit specific routes and local customer preferences.
Focuses on this issue by describing the efforts of one of the major
ferry operators on the Irish/Scottish route which is adapting the
corporate product to suit local customer requirements.
Labour Utilization and Collective Agreements: An
International Comparison
Authors: Riley Michael
Published: September 2004

Hotels require flexibility in their labour supply to match
fluctuations in consumer demand. In non‐union circumstances managers
take a neo‐classical approach, applying numerical and financial
flexibility. What happens when collective bargaining is involved? An
analysis of collective agreements from six countries shows that the
economic impressions are institutionalized by agreement. In this way
unionized hotels operate in the same way as non‐unionized hotels but
with formalized rules. Assesses the prospects for functional
flexibility.
Do American Business Travellers Have Different Hotel
Service Requirements?
Authors: Weaver Pamela A. , Chul Oh Heung
Published: September 2004

The American business traveller is a very important customer in the
lodging industry. Because of this it is essential that the lodging
industry understands the expectations and demographic make‐up of this
group of individuals. Presents the responses of 433 American business
travellers obtained from a national survey. Divides the respondents into
two categories: the frequent business traveller who was away from home
on at least ten overnight business trips, and the infrequent business
traveller who was away from home overnight less than ten times (at least
once). Gives a demographic profile of the total sample of business
travellers, frequent business travellers and infrequent business
travellers. Compares the same three groups with regard to how important
a total of 56 services and amenities that may be provided by a lodge are
in selecting lodging accommodation.
Organizational Culture, Rewards and Quality in Higher Education
Authors: Hart Chris , Shoolbred Michael
Published: September 2004

Suggests that, while quality systems and the measurement of quality
in higher education are much discussed, there has been little focus on
what quality organizations are actually like to work in. Quality systems
generate a quality culture and this is what is at the heart of
successful quality organizations. Examines organizational culture and
indicates the main features of successful quality cultures appropriate
to higher education. It links these with quality values and beliefs.
These are expressed in terms of rites and rituals, myths and legends
within the organization. Readers are invited to consider their own
organizational culture by working through a specially designed exercise.
They are asked how rewards and recognition can be made relevant to a
quality culture and what will happen if some parts of HE fail to adopt a
quality ethos in keeping with the values of higher education.
Observing Classroom Teaching in Higher Education
Authors: Hanson Janet
Published: September 2004

Describes the operation of a scheme to appraise teaching quality
through classroom observation at Bournemouth University during 1993.
Outlines the principles, design and evaluation of the scheme.
Higher education 2005: pointers, possibilities, pitfalls,
principles
Authors: Gordon George
Published: September 2004

Outlines pointers to possible changes in higher education,
particularly in the UK, by 2005. Reference is made to indicators from
the UK, USA and Australia. Includes a section on possibilities
concentrating on the possible size, shape, structure and nature of the
British higher education system by 2005. Also considers demand, funding,
the use of new technologies, external competition, research assessment
and the standards and purposes of higher education. Discusses ten
pitfalls, and concludes with seven principles which could guide
development.
A higher education TQM excellence model: HETQMEX
Authors: Ho Samuel K. , Wearn Katrina
Published: September 2004

Suggests that, in higher education management in the 1990s, a strategy utilized by increasing numbers of organizations for effective change and sustained competitive advantage is TQM. Aims to determine the advantages of TQM and how TQM can be applied effectively and efficiently in higher education institutions. Develops a higher education TQM excellence (HETQMEX) model based on fundamental concepts of service quality: five‐S, marketing and education quality control, quality control circles, ISO 9000 and total preventive maintenance. Acknowledges the diversity of customers which TQM must satisfy and highlights some of the problems encountered in implementing the model, based on well‐founded research and experience of the authors.
The first public demonstration of the OCLC database
Authors: Marco Guy A.
Published: September 2004

Describes the first public demonstration of the capabilities of the OCLC System in August 1971.
Networking and licensing texts for electronic libraries: De Montfort University’s experience
Authors: Collier Mel , Ramsden Anne , Zhao Dian
Published: September 2004

Contends that networking and licensing texts for electronic libraries give rise to a number of significant issues, notably copyright and how to set a price which will give the publisher a reasonable return on investment and will be regarded by libraries as a fair and realistic scheme. Describes the experience of one university which has been carrying out extensive electronic library work over the last three years and draws conclusions which could have relevance at the national level.
B2B: back to basics – driving shareholder value
Authors: Harris Randy , Goodman John
Published: September 2004

In the face of an uncertain, even down‐turning, economy, many executives are finding the pressures of improving shareholder value have replaced the intense pressures of the dot‐com era. The prosperity of the 1990s raised the bar in terms of shareholder expectations. Acronym‐laden, technology‐based strategies established new concepts of silos. Customers have become obsessed with self‐determination and control. In business‐to‐business (B2B) operations, success will depend on developing interdependencies within the entire food chain of companies that serve the ultimate consumer. The authors suggest a Return on Customer (ROCTM) measurement that can help business executives maximize their efforts to meet customer needs.
Leadership in teams: managerial responses
Authors: Natale Samuel M. , Sora Sebastian A. , Kavalipurapu Seshu B.
Published: September 2004

This paper explores the real issues in team effectiveness as they relate to leadership, assessment and policies in any business organization. Data are derived from a questionnaire that was given to 60 executives in different business organizations, creating a matrix of 1,020 answers which were then put into the three areas and examined for commonality of issues, trends and tentative conclusions.
The high‐performance work system: is it worth using?
Authors: Aghazadeh Seyed‐Mahmoud , Seyedian Mojtaba
Published: September 2004

Businesses worldwide are beginning to explore new areas of workplace change. Gone are the days of changing an element in one department and expecting results throughout the entire firm. The latest trend is the high performance work system. The implementation of such a system is not based around one department, but focuses on firm‐wide change. Key elements are workplace restructuring, retraining of workers and adding new technology. It has been found that by improving the flow of information through workplace redesign, using state of the art technology and empowering employees by training them to be daily decision makers, productivity and overall quality of production increases significantly. The implementation of a high performance work system can be risky and costly but the US Government is currently developing ways to aid companies so that they can take advantage of the benefits that can result from the implementation of such a successful system.
Selective maintenance modeling for industrial systems
Authors: Cassady C. Richard , Pohl Edward A. , Paul Murdock W.
Published: September 2004

In many industrial environments, systems are required to perform a sequence of operations (or missions) with finite breaks between each operation. During these breaks, it may be advantageous to perform repair on some of the system’s components. However, it may be impossible to perform all desirable maintenance activities prior to the beginning of the next mission due to limitations on maintenance resources. In this paper, a mathematical programming framework is established for assisting decision‐makers in determining the optimal subset of maintenance activities to perform prior to beginning the next mission. This decision‐making process is referred to as selective maintenance. The selective maintenance models presented allow the decision‐maker to consider limitations on maintenance time and budget, as well as the reliability of the system. Selective maintenance is an open research area that is consistent with the modern industrial objective of performing more intelligent and efficient maintenance.
Internet conference on telecommuting
Authors: Davies Rod
Published: September 2004

Describes in detail an Internet conference in which the particpants discussed issues arising from the growth of telecommuting as a viable work and career function. Describes the nature of telecommuting and its implications for society, organizational culture and the individual. Discusses the managing, supervision and support of telecommuters.
Reengineering based change in the further education sector in Northern Ireland – A qualitative study
Authors: McAdam Rodney , Bickerstaff Ian
Published: September 2004

The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of a large scale change approach, namely Reengineering, as a method of implementing change in the further education (FE) sector in Northern Ireland (NI). Case studies on 17 FE colleges in NI provided a valuable source of material on how a process‐based Reengineering project can be applied to an FE college. A comparative analysis of the key change issues facing FE colleges and the key elements of business process reengineering (BPR), revealed a commonality in key areas namely: customer focus – a key element of BPR and an imperative for the FE sector; an emphasis on designing and improving key business processes – a key element of BPR and a goal for FE colleges due to internal restructuring caused by incorporation; fundamental change – an essential key tenet of BPR and a key requirement in the FE sector; critical success factors – a key BPR implementation issue covering factors unique to the FE sector that must be addressed for the successful implementation of change.
Rationalizing the customer service process
Authors: Kim Hee‐Woong , Kim Young‐Gul
Published: September 2004

Satisfying customers is the best method for organizations to gain competitive advantage. To deliver quality services to customers, we need to understand their expectations. Given accurate understanding of expectations, customer service, which can be regarded as a process that consists of several steps to satisfy customer requirements, should be redesigned to match them. This research intends to suggest a customer service rationalization method which consists of service process model, performance simulation, and contingent change guidelines. For the validation test, we compared the proposed method with other service models and applied it to several real cases. From the applications, we found that the proposed method could reduce the risk of service redesign projects by enabling the better understanding of the performance simulation data from the proposed change alternatives. Finally, we discussed the applications of the method and the implications of this research.
The Taxation of Stock Option and Profit‐Sharing Plans
Authors: Galloway Nic
Published: September 2004

In the last 15 years, legislation has been passed in many Western
European countries clarifying the tax treatment of stock options. The
intent of the legislation has been to encourage holders of stocks and
shares to take a long‐term investment outlook. A general background to
how these stock option and profit‐sharing schemes are taxed in Europe is
provided and some of the dangers and advantages of such schemes are
indicated.
HRM: A Case of the Wolf in Sheep′s Clothing?
Authors: Keenoy Tom
Published: September 2004

Paradoxically, the emergence of Human Resource
Management (HRM) represents both a challenge
and an opportunity to the practice of personnel
management. Conventional personnel management
is being outmoded to be superseded by an
approach to employees which seemingly promises
to put “people issues” at the centre of strategic
decision making. The debate about HRM has
been confused and confusing because it has failed
clearly to identify the distinctive forms of
management – as well as personnel – practice
to which the term HRM has been applied. This
confusion serves only to mask the important moral
issues HRM poses for personnel practitioners.
The Development of Enterprising Personnel
Authors: Gore C. , Murray K.
Published: September 2004

It is argued that the development of an enterprise
culture within a firm requires the adoption of a
holistic approach to personnel management. With
the use of survey evidence, problems are identified
which affect personnel managers in facilitating this
development and changes are suggested which are
necessary for the implementation of an enterprise
culture within the firm. The implications of the
findings are explored with respect to recruitment,
training, assessment and the reward system.
How Managers Express Their Creativity
Authors: Akande Adebowale
Published: September 2004

A definition of “Creativity in Management” is
advanced as referring to the ability to solve
problems in an exceptionally competent and
original way. Creative managers are people who,
by their own abilities and propensities or through
learning, can receive great satisfaction from
creative processes that are accompanied by new,
original, adaptive (serving a function), meaningful
and fully developed (competent) products. Since
creativity is an ability, it must be translated into
behaviour before the results can help either the
individual or the organisation. The proposition is
made that raw creativity alone may not necessarily
lead to productive results. Creativity needs to be
buttressed by support from the organisation and
good managerial skills to obtain good results. It
is also asserted that encouraging creativity and
innovation provides opportunities for managers to
influence the course of organisational productivity.
Exploring Managers′ Jobs
Authors: Fox Patrick
Published: September 2004

How a manager′s functional area and hierarchical
level affect the roles required by managers in their
jobs is examined. The 131 managers in the sample
completed a matrix of 20 tasks and 28 qualities
required in their jobs. A disjoint clustering
technique was used to analyse the data – this
is a type of oblique component analysis related
to group factor analysis. Subgroups of managers
were delineated, seven on the basis of their
functional areas, and one group of senior
managers/executives. The results indicate that the
differences between theories of management
work can be attributed to methodological artefacts.
However, the argument that management is a set
of behavioural skills which is transferable from one
functional area to another is questioned, as the
results of this study indicate that job‐related
contingency variables affect strongly the contents
of managerial work.
Labour′s Policy for Jobs
Authors: Blair Tony
Published: September 2004

Presents the text of a speech, given by Tony Blair
MP to the Labour Party Conference in September
1991. The Party pledges of investment, partnership
and parity in Europe are outlined.
New Strategies to Combat Long‐term Unemployment in Belgium
Authors: Geers Frederik
Published: September 2004

Describes the active policy that has been developed during the last
few years at national level and at the level of the Flemish Region in
Belgium by public bodies and social partners to combat long‐term
unemployment. First, analyses the quantitative and qualitative aspects
of unemployment in Belgium. Draws attention mainly to the specific
guidance and training actions which are geared to the needs of the
long‐term unemployed. Other important aspects are (1) the financing
mechanisms to reintegrate the groups at risk in the labour market, (2)
the collaboration between the major public organization for vocational
training for adults in the Flemish Community and the industrial sectors,
and voluntary organizations, and (3) supportive actions for individuals.
For each measure, provides a picture of the results.
Fair Employment and Religion in Northern Ireland: An
Overview
Authors: Gallagher Tony
Published: September 2004

Unlike many of the issues raised during the Northern Ireland Civil
Rights campaign of the late 1960s, employment discrimination has
remained high on the political agenda, leading to two major pieces of
legislation, in 1976 and 1989. Briefly examines the background to the
claim of religious discrimination against Catholics, before going on to
review analyses of the 1971 and 1981 censuses, the main statistical
source on patterns of employment in Northern Ireland, which confirm that
there are significant differentials in the socio‐economic profiles of
the Catholic and Protestant communities. In addition, discusses the
monitoring provisions of the 1989 Fair Employment Act and points to some
current debates on how the future effectiveness of the Act should be
assessed.
Unions and Employers and Fair Employment
Authors: Cradden Terry
Published: September 2004

Explores the attitudes of employers and unions in Northern Ireland
to the revival in the 1980s of earlier concerns about religious
discrimination, and to the failure of the Fair Employment Act 1976 to
make any real impact on Roman Catholic disadvantage in the labour
market. Concludes that not only were their responses predictable but
that, almost as a result, the unions had a disproportionate influence on
the final shape of the new legislation introduced in 1989.
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
Authors: Davies Jill
Published: September 2004

This condition is very common but can
diet help? Jill Davies PhD reports
NORLEG
Authors: Lambert Nigel , Fenwick Roger
Published: September 2004

Legumes have worldwide improtance
Nigel Lambert PhD and Roger Fenwick
PhD write about and organisation which
has been set up to improve these
protain rich foods
THE STORY OF STORK
Authors: Harvey Jo
Published: September 2004

Jo Harvey describes the marketting of
this popular margarine over the last 70
years
Freshness and Acceptability of Perishable Foodstuffs:NOVEL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING
Authors: Honeybourne Colin L.
Published: September 2004

Briefly describes the modes of microbial attack on meat stores in
the presence of oxygen; reference is also made to citrus fruits.
Describes simply the technology of two different types of vapour sensor,
one optical and one electronic.
Analysis of Dietary Fibre: TRANSLATING CONCEPTS INTO PRACTICE
Authors: Southgate David A.T.
Published: September 2004

Translating the conceptual basis of dietary fibre into a definition
that can be used as the basis for practicable analytical methods has
been a matter for considerable debate amongst those involved in dietary
fibre measurements. The original authors used the term “dietary
fibre” for the plant cell wall material in foods and this provides
the most satisfactory starting point in any discussion on analysis.
Compares the two most widely used approaches for the measurement of
dietary fibre and considers their bases in relation to the conceptual
origin of dietary fibre as a protective factor in the diet.
Improving the Flavour Acceptability of Reduced‐fat Foods
Authors: Shamil S. , Kilcast D.
Published: September 2004

The perceived need to reduce dietary fat consumption has produced
intense activity throughout the food industry. Previous exploratory work
has indicated that flavour characteristics can influence consumer
enjoyment of foods, and reducing the fat content of foods can adversely
affect flavour characteristics in comparison with those of full‐fat
equivalents. However, there is little work reported in this area in the
scientific literature. The Leatherhead Food RA and the Institute of Food
Research, Reading, are therefore collaborating on a MAFF‐LINK project
with ten industrial partners on improving the flavour acceptability of
reduced‐fat foods. The project aims to quantify and model the
relationship between fat content and the perceived flavour and
flavour‐release characteristics of processed foods and to provide
guidance to the industrial partners in developing reduced‐fat foods with
improved flavour characteristics.
GENDER AND TRENDS IN DINING OUT
Authors: Wood Roy C.
Published: September 2004

Examines the relationships between gender and dining out. Argues
that there are demonstrable continuities between food consumption in the
home and in the arena of public dining. At the heart of the food system
in Britain is the role played by women as family “carers”.
Women sustain a dietary culture which is seen as health‐giving. Despite
this, they are often excluded in a variety of ways from enjoyment of
food and, in the context of commercial provision of food, are
marginalized as consumers. Explores these issues in the context of
theoretical discourse on food‐culture relationships and market data on
food consumption outside the home, concluding that, however effective
nutrition education may be, advances in healthy eating provision by
commercial hospitality organizations are antithetical to the principal
of hedonism which underpins such provision.
Women's Attitudes to Slimming and Slimming Foods
Authors: Neale R.J. , Tilston C.H. , Gregson K. , Lancaster S.
Published: September 2004

With approximately 60 per cent of the adult female population in
the UK (14.2 million women) slimming either seriously or as a token
gesture, a survey of the attitudes of 200 women to slimming and slimming
foods was conducted between October and December 1991 by either
face‐to‐face interview or questionnaire in several East Midlands towns
in England. Responses to questions were obtained on reasons for weight
loss, whether medical advice was sought, how many calories gave steady
weight loss, whether dieting took place at certain times of the year,
whether women were satisfied with weight loss achieved, and reasons for
dissatisfaction with weight loss. Further studies on attitudes to foods
used in dieting were measured, in particular the use of “meal
replacements”. Using rating scales the various meal replacements
were categorized on the basis of cost, nutritional quality, ease of
preparation, taste, satiety, variety and overall satisfaction. The study
has shown the profile of the “typical” female dieter and her
concerns about the foods available to help her “slim”
effectively.
DANCING IN THE DARK: THE IMPLICATIONS OF TASTE FOR HEALTH
PROMOTION
Authors: McCorkindale Louise M.
Published: September 2004

Suggests that sociological and social anthropological studies of
food‐related behaviour can provide information that is the
“missing link”, essential if nutritional health promotion is
to achieve its goals. Nutritional health promotion messages need to work
within, or change existing tastes, and this requires an understanding of
how social roles are expressed through food, and how cultural values and
associations shape taste.
Organic Farming: Food for the Future?
Authors: Silverstone Rob
Published: September 2004

In recent years, modern methods of agriculture have attracted
criticism on the basis that they are no longer sustainable, and may
prejudice the health of humans and animals. Examines these issues, which
form the rationale behind organic farming, along with the associated
consumer and retailer response. Also discusses the potential of MAFF and
the EC to develop organic farming.
How Is Sensory Quality Measured?
Authors: Seaman Claire E.A. , Hughes Alan H. , Hinks Charles E. , Parry Doreen A.
Published: September 2004

Describes the sensory evaluation techniques which have been developed and their historical perspective. Outlines the uses to which the different sensory tests can be put together with some of the limitations and practical advantages of each technique.
The Yo‐Yo Effect of Slimming
Authors: Blades Mabel
Published: September 2004

Discusses the problem of weight gain and loss, role of dietitians,
slimming diets and the best way to slim.
Oh Mr Porter! A Re‐Appraisal of Competitive Strategy
Authors: Speed Richard J.
Published: September 2004

Michael Porter′s work, has since it first appeared in 1980, been
widely read by academics and students. Perhaps more significantly,
Porter has become an academic whose ideas are read and used by
executives. Recently Porter′s work has been criticised. This article
reviews and discusses these criticisms and attempts to define the status
of Porter′s model as a result. The article offers in conclusion a view
of Porter′s model that is thought to be realistic.
Bank Marketing: Current Issues, Trends and Developments
Authors: Watkins Trevor
Published: September 2004

The current state of the financial services industry
worldwide and recent literature on the subject are
reviewed. Four major trends are identified and
discussed: (1) the trend towards financial conglomeration;
(2) globalisation; (3) information technology in
bank marketing; and (4) new approaches to financial
services marketing. These trends will affect the
marketing of banks and other financial services in the
1990s. Areas for further research are also highlighted.