bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Knowledge on the Mode of Transmissions and Preventions of Hepatitis-B Among Undergraduate Students in Nigeria
Authors: Joseph Fasoranti Afolabi
Published: August 2021

Background: Hepatitis B, which is caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), is a global health problem that has resulted in high morbidity and mortality with knowledge and awareness about the occurrence and mode of transmissions relatively low among the populace. Therefore, this study examined knowledge on the mode of transmission and preventions of hepatitis B among undergraduate students in Lagos, Nigeria.
Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive research was used, and a multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select three hundred respondents which comprised male and female from three tertiary institutions in Lagos state in 2019. Hepatitis B Knowledge Questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.74 was used for data collection. The descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages was used to analyse the demographic characteristics of respondents while the chi-square test was used to determine associations between categorical variables
Results: The results revealed that a high proportion of the respondents had poor knowledge about the transmission and prevention of hepatitis B.. The result revealed that the p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically insignificant. Therefore, the study revealed that there is no significant relationship between gender and hepatitis B
Conclusion: A critical level of public awareness and vaccination coverage, particularly among students, is essential to decrease Lagos' burden.
Social Support for Exercise and Its Effect on Physical Activity Level among Female Teachers
Authors: Abdolkarimi Mahdi , Ayeneh Heydari Fatemeh , Lotfi Seyedeh Shirin , Eslami Hadi
Published: August 2021

Background: Determining the level of physical activity and factors in female teachers can be effective in planning health promotion interventions. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of physical activity and social factors affecting female teachers in Rafsanjan.
Methods: in this descriptive study, the level of physical activity and the social factors were examined in 198 female high school teachers in Rafsanjan City in 2019. The International Short Form Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine physical activity levels. Sallis's social support questionnaire for exercise was used to determine the level of social support. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and chi-square and Spearman's correlation coefficient.
Results: The level of physical activity in female teachers was lower than the recommended level so that only 34.3% had the minimum physical activity at the recommended level. In terms of intensity of physical activity, most physical activities were reported as walking. The physical activity of this group was not statistically significant based on age (p = 0.09), work experience (p = 0.70), level of education (p = 0.28), and income level (p = 0.082). Also, there was a significant correlation between all types of physical activity and social support in all aspects.
Conclusion: Providing social support for exercise by family and friends has been identified as an effective physical activity factor. Therefore, it seems necessary to design educational programs to improve teachers' awareness and attitude, emphasizing the creation of a supportive environment by family, friends, and even related organizations.
Want a healthy life: A qualitative study on motivation to cease alcoholic drink addiction
Authors: Sutoko Ibnu , Latipun Latipun
Published: August 2021

Background: The alcoholic drink level of consumption is still high, particularly among adolescents and adults. Continuous consumption of alcoholic drinks can lead to addiction, making it difficult to cope with; however, some individuals with such a situation are could cease the habit. This study aims to explore the process of individuals breaking away from alcohol dependence.
Methods: The research approach used qualitative with a phenomenological design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain in-depth data from eight subjects selected according to purposive sampling criteria. The data was analyzed using a descriptive phenomenological method.
Results: The study results found four main themes for quitting alcoholic beverages: the influence of the experience of becoming an addict, a strong internal desire to quit, being threatened by biological impacts, internal and external driving factors to quit.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, individuals who want to quit addiction must have a strong desire, consider the biological impact on health and have internal and external driving factors.
The Role of Contextual Factors in Cyberspace Harm, Anxiety, Aggression, and Students' Academic Performance
Authors: Aghaei Zahra Sadat , Kian Maryam
Published: August 2021

Background: Nowadays, cyberspace has presented both concerns and interests for the educational researchers. This study aimed to investigate the role of contextual factors in cyberspace harm, anxiety, aggression, and academic performance.
Methods: A descriptive correlation research method was applied. The research population covered all high school students in Yazd (21,328 students). The number of 377 students were chosen as the sample through a stratified sampling based on the Cochran's formula. The research tools included the questionnaires of contextual factors, and the standard scales of cyberspace harm, anxiety, aggression, and academic performance. The validity and reliability of the scales were determined. Data were analyzed by variance, t-test, and Tukey post hoc test.
Results: The findings showed that there are significant differences in cyberspace harm according to some contextual variables such as gender, educational and academic levels, educational district, type of school, field of study, and parents' occupation. More precisely, the harm of cyberspace was more high among the schools of District 2, non-public schools, and the academic field of humanities. Moreover, there was no relationship between the parents' education and the other variables. However, there was a significant relationship between the parents' occupation, regarding the employed mothers, as well as anxiety.
Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that cyberspace could provide students some challenges as it is affected by various contextual factors. According to the findings, several practical suggestions were presented in the study.
Role of Clergywomen in Promoting Preventive Breast Cancer Behaviors Among Muslim Women in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lamyian Minoor , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Sheikholeslami Hosna
Published: August 2021

Background: The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore Iranian women’s perceptions, behaviors, and beliefs related to breast cancer screening readiness, with a focus on the role of religion.
Methods: Our sample consisted of 25 women, 35 to 65 years old, who resided in Tehran, Iran. It included 15 at-risk women (self-reported history of breast cancer before the age of 40 in their family) and 10 others with a history of breast cancer. All interviewees were Muslim who spoke Persian (Farsi). The women were chosen using purposive sampling. We used a qualitative content analysis design with a constant comparative analysis approach, which is appropriate for obtaining reliable and valid results from textual data.
Results: The overarching theme apparent from transcript analysis was that of “Clergywoman Can Play a Role in Increasing Awareness”. Four categories, namely, (1) Lack of information regarding breast cancer screening, (2) Awareness can improve self-care, (3) Religious outlooks of participants can influence early detection behaviors, (4) Clergywoman can play a role in increasing awareness, were identified. However, we found that the majority of interviewees lacked information about breast cancer screening and prevention. This was often both the cause and the effect of fear and misunderstandings about the process. Furthermore, we found that religious authorities, particularly clergywomen, who speak from a religious perspective, could play a significant and effective role in convincing women to pursue prevention measures. Additionally, we found that many women emphasized that religious gatherings, or framing health messages in a religious narrative, could be a significant step forward in advocating early detection behaviors.
Conclusion: Our study shows that religion is a motivating factor in breast cancer early detection behavior and offers new insight into women’s perceptions of self-care. It highlights a potentially significant role of clergywomen in encouraging women in Tehran, Iran to pursue breast cancer screening.
Evaluation of the Role of Vitamin C and Melatonin on the Genetic Disorder of Human Blood Lymphocytes in the Presence of Vincristine and Permethrin
Authors: Shokrzadeh Mohammad , Mortazavi Parham , Karimi Elhame , NasirOghli Behnam , Shokrzadeh Shaghayegh , Motafeghi Farzaneh
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Various studies have shown that vincristine and permethrin have genetic toxicity on the body's normal cells. Due to the widespread use of these drugs, preventing their toxicity is essential; therefore, in this study, the protective effects of vitamin C and melatonin on the genetic toxicity induced by vincristine and permethrin in peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated.
Material and Methods: The protective effects of vitamin C and melatonin (doses of 50, 100 and 200 µm) on the toxicity of vincristine and permethrin induced by micronucleus test on peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated ,and in statistical tests P <0.05 as the significant level was considered.
Results: According to the results vincristine and permethrin caused genetic disorder by 28.80 ± 1.92 and 34±1.58 micronucleus respectively (p<0.0001). However, by exposing vitamin c and melatonin with permethrin at concentrations of 100 μM and 200 μM, the number of micronuclei was significantly decreased by 24.80 ±2.91, 18.00±1.58 (Vit C) and 22.20±3.34, 15.40±1.14 (melatonin) respectively. In contrast, exposure of these two substances together with vincristine in similar concentrations reduced the micronucleus by 16.60± 2.07 ,10.80± 0.83 (Vit C) and 13.00± 1.58, 6.40± 1.14 (melatonin) respectively.
Conclusion: As the results of this study showed, permethrin and vincristine both caused genetic toxicity. Melatonin can protect against DNA damage by purifying reactive oxygen species or stimulating the DNA repair system. Vitamin C plays an essential protective role in many toxic reactions of the body. Both antioxidants have been shown to reduce the genetic toxicity of permethrin and vincristine.
end of all taxation and censorship using blockchain technology
Authors: Tanmay Munjal
Published: August 2021

Large scale censorship and control over the free flow of information on the internet that was already implemented on a large scale in many authoritarian countries in China in the past few decades has started to work its way through the more liberal and western countries including India, US etc. especially in the last decade raising concerns over privacy issues and the possibility of a dystopian future of tyrannical governments empowered by the use of digital surveillance technology to increase their power and make them essentially undefeatable on a level unforeseen in the history of humanity among many great thinkers in our era. In this paper, we wish to outline a method to not only combat but to completely eliminate both the possibility and current usage of all censorship and control over flow of information on the internet, hence heralding an era of free flow of information throughout the world and destroying practically all mind control that tyrannical governments can hold over their people, in essence ending the era of propaganda and tyranny from the face of this earth forever, using blockchain technology.
Literature Reading and Writing Proficiency in Class II Elementary School Students Through Online Learning
Authors: Novita Sherly , Rafli Zainal , Sumantri Moh. Syarif
Published: August 2021

This study aims to describe the development of reading and writing literacy skills for second-grade students of SD Islam Al-Azhar 13 Rawamangun, East Jakarta. This research is a case study research that utilizes observation, interviews, document studies, and tests as data collection techniques. The development of reading and writing literacy for elementary school students in grade II begins with the emergency curriculum review process, syllabus and lesson plans design, learning implementation, and ends with an evaluation. The results of reading learning activities which consist of three activities of reading aloud reading texts, reading comprehension, and reading poetry texts indicate a very good level of students' reading skills. Writing lessons focused on writing simple poems according to pictures and writing simple texts according to pictures using punctuation marks and capital letters also showed excellent student skills. Thus, it is concluded that the online learning conducted by Al-Azhar Islamic Elementary School 13 Rawamangun to improve students' reading and writing literacy skills has been effective with various supporting factors.
Urbanization, Industrialization and Inequalities in Africa: does threshold matter?
Authors: ONGO NKOA Bruno Emmanuel , ZOGO EKASSI Richard , Song Jaques Simon
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the impact of urbanization and industrialization on observed inequalities in a sample of 48 African countries. We specify and estimate a panel data model using the Generalized Method of Moments-System (GMM-S) over the period 1980-2016 along the different dimensions of inequality. Our results show that urbanization increases income, environmental and housing inequalities in Africa, while industrialization reduces them. Our results remain robust with the use of Panel Smooth Transition Regression Model (PSTR) and Panel Transition Regression Model (PTR). We suggest taking into account the disparities identified in the inclusive urbanization and industrialization policies of African cities.
Rural Women Farmers and Sustainable Livelihoods in Guyana
Authors: Henry Paulette
Published: August 2021

Rural women in agriculture are legitimized women as productive stakeholders through a process that documents the various roles have played in rural agriculture, the rural economy, and food security. Accounting for 43% of the world’s agricultural labor force, women are important actors in the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2 particularly in reducing poverty especially among women, and improving food security. This quantitative study has shown that women have combined their roles in varying fields of agriculture using their income to take care of families while contributing to the economy and food security. Their contributions however are underrecognized due to the gender disparities in the investments made to their male peers in the same business. This may be due to the feminization of rural agriculture coupled with many women not having the literacies required to negotiate the demands of land or loan acquisition and the technical skills to move beyond subsistence agriculture. Notwithstanding, rural women farmers earn income that helps to guarantee the basic livelihoods of their families and contribute to community food security. However, rural women farmers also have limited financial and technical capabilities to conserve their surpluses and increase their economic well-being.  Investments by national governments must be made to rural agriculture with specific recognition towards the advancement of women farmers.
Age at First Conception and its Determinants of Ever-Married Women in Bangladesh
Authors: Manjur Alam Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Age at first conception is an important part of the reproductive process that identifies the level of fecundability and indicative fertility during the early stages of marriage. This study explores the age at first conception and its determinants of ever-married women in Bangladesh by extracting the recent Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS 2017) data. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression analysis were carried out to analyze data. Overall, the mean age at first conception of Bangladeshi women is 17.82 ± 3.29 years with significant variations by different socio-demographic, cultural, and behavioral factors. Bivariate analysis of chi-square tests shows that all the independent variables have a significant effect on age at first conception. The finding of the binary logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents' current age, age at first cohabitation, respondents' education, and partners' education are the most important determinants of age at first conception in Bangladesh. Moreover, secondary (OR= 0.743, 95% CI = 0.622- 0.886, P < 0.01) and higher educated women (OR= 0.838, 95% CI = 0.710- 0.989, P < 0.05) were respectively less likely to having first conception at age above 17.25 years, compared to no educated women. Thus, to increase the age at the first conception and reduce the level of fertility, it is necessary to increase the age at the first marriage of the respondents and the level of education for both partners.
COVID-19 pneumonia with ARDS and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report
Authors: ÖLMEZ Hasan , TOSUN Mustafa , ÜNVER Edhem , ARSLAN IŞIK Nurten
Published: August 2021

Although most people with COVID-19 have mild to moderate symptoms; some people may experience worsened symptoms, such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and and respiratory failure. Here we reported a case of COVID-19 pneumonia with ARDS and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). A 44-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a history of cough, fever, sore throat, and muscle ache. The patient transferred to Chest Diseases Department, with a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Oseltamivir, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and favipravir added to the treatment. Tocilizumab started after endotracheal intubation. In general, we saw improvement in respiratory values and vital signs. Administration of LMWH to the patient may have prevented the development of coagulopathy. In conclusion, using HFO system and using low tidal volume according to ARDS net protocol, using optimal PEEP/FiO2 ratio, paying attention to keeping driver pressures low may be beneficial for the clinical improvement of the disease.
Fragmented QRS formation may be associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: DOĞAN Tolga , YETİM Mucahit , DOĞAN İbrahim , KALÇIK Macit , BEKAR Lütfü , CELIK Oguzhan , KARAVELİOĞLU Yusuf
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and the presence of fragmented QRS in end-stage renal disease patients.
Methods: The study included 100 end-stage renal disease patients who received hemodialysis treatment. Two groups were formed according to the presence of electrocardiography and fragmented QRS: the fragmented QRS (+) (Group I) and the fragmented QRS (-) (Group II). Echocardiographic measurements of the cardiac dimensions and carotid intima-media thickness were examined.
Results: The study population included 41 end-stage renal disease patients with fragmented QRS (48.8% male) and a control group of 59 end-stage renal disease patients without fragmented QRS (35.6% male) on electrocardiography. Left ventricular end systolic diameters (p = 0.012),left ventricular end diastolic diameters (p < 0.001), left atrial diameter (p = 0.001), interventricular septal thickness (p < 0.001), posterior wall thickness (p < 0.001) and left ventricular hypertrophy (p < 0.001), blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.011), creatinine (p = 0.014), uric acid (p < 0.05) and parathyroid hormone (p < 0.05) values were found to be significantly increased in the fragmented QRS (+) group. The right and left carotid intima-media thickness values were significantly higher in fragmented QRS (+) patients than fragmented QRS (-) patients (right:[0.81 ± 0.19] vs [0.62 ± 0.14] mm, p < 0.001) and left: [0.83 ± 0.19 vs 64 ± 0.14], p < 0.001; respectively).
Conclusions: In end-stage renal disease patients, the presence of fragmented QRS, left ventricular hypertrophy and increased carotid intima-media thickness are important markers in the evaluation of the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis.
СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ АТОМНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ: СОЦИАЛЬНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ
Authors: Кареева Анна Петровна
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматривается социальная безопасность с позиции социального института. Опираясь на теорию институциональных матриц С.Г. Кирдиной, выделены внутренняя (устойчивая) структура данного института и поверхностная (институциональная). К внутренней структуре относятся такие элементы, как глобальность, систематичность проявления, проникновение во все уровни социума, сформированность устойчивых социальных отношений, наличие чувства страха, превентивный характер используемых мер по устранению негативных последствий социальных рисков. Поверхностную структуру составляют виды безопасности. В приложении к российскому предприятию проведен анализ социальной безопасности на макро-, мезо- и микроуровнях. На макроуровне субъектом социальной безопасности выступает отрасль. Отраслевое руководство стремится обезопасить входящие в состав отрасли предприятия от негативных последствий социальных рисков. Для этого формирует принципы, стратегию, тактику, социальную политику и направления, единые для всех отраслевых предприятий. Выделены восемь направлений социальной политики, которые современное предприятие может использовать для минимизации негативных последствий, возникающих в его социальной среде рисков. Дивизион (мезоуровень) и конкретное предприятие (микроуровень) выступают объектами социальной безопасности. Принцип минимального универсума, предложенный В.Г. Немировским, позволил выявить три уровня социальной безопасности предприятия (вещественно-энергетический, функционально-организационный, информационный). Социально-исторический анализ помог проследить социальную безопасность конкретных промышленных предприятий атомной отрасли, таких как ГХК, СХК и ПО «Маяк», в разные исторические периоды их существования (период становления, расцвета, кризиса и модернизации). Проведенный анализ позволил утверждать, что каждый исторический период развития предприятия оказывает прямое влияние на социальную безопасность атомных предприятий. Также удалось выявить уровни социальной безопасности для каждого из них.
К ВОПРОСУ О КЛЮЧЕВЫХ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯХ В ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ ТЕОРИЯХ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ: СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Ардашкин Игорь Борисович
Published: August 2021

Актуальность. Анализируются теории терминологического планирования с позиции социолингвистического подхода. Важность проводимого анализа вызвана пересмотром характера терминологической деятельности, связанного с происходящими когнитивными, лингвистическими, коммуникативными изменениями в процессе познавательной деятельности человека и социума, а также интенсивностью процессов информатизации. Целью статьи является определение основных тенденций в развитии терминологической деятельности и способах отображения обозначенных тенденций в зарубежных теориях терминологического планирования. В качестве основных методов исследования используются социолингвистический подход, главная особенность которого заключается в установлении зависимости лингвистических трансформаций от социальных процессов и наоборот. Также применяется компаративный подход в отношении сравнения основных теорий терминологического планирования на предмет отображения в них когнитивных, информационных, лингвистических и коммуникативных изменений. В качестве критерия для осуществления сопоставления указанных теорий используются онтогносеологические основания, демонстрирующие влияние онтологических структур терминологической деятельности на гносеологический аспект ее осуществления. Результаты: определены основные тенденции в терминологической деятельности, а также проанализированы одна классическая теория (общая теория терминологии Е. Вюстера) и две современные теории терминологического планирования (теория дверей М.Т. Кабре и социокогнитивная теория Р. Тиммерман, К. Кереманса). Проведен компаративный анализ этих теорий, в результате которого определена трансформация понятия концепта: от ключевого параметра терминологического планирования в теории Е. Вюстера, предписывающего любому термину его семантическое наполнение прескриптивным образом, до одного из ключевых компонентов терминологического характера, посредством которого, в том числе, определяется (описывается), а не предписывается семантическое содержание термина. Выводы: пересмотр статуса понятия концепта в терминологическом планировании не приводит к тому, что тенденции носят однонаправленный характер. Эти тенденции больше свидетельствуют о том, что происходящие изменения в когнитивных, коммуникативных, лингвистических представлениях в процессе терминологического планирования носят разнонаправленный характер. В теории дверей М.Т. Кабре утверждается, что стандартизация не является теперь необходимой составляющей терминологического планирования, а социокогнитивная теория Р. Тиммерман, К. Кереманса полагает, что благодаря информационным технологиям процедуры стандартизации вполне достижимы в новых условиях реализации терминологической деятельности.
Optimizing Costs and Outcomes for Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery
Authors: Rogers Miranda J. , Stephens Andrew R. , Yoo Minkyoung , Nelson Richard E. , Kazmers Nikolas H.
Published: August 2021

Background:

It is unclear which carpal tunnel release (CTR) strategy (i.e., which combination of surgical technique and setting) is most cost-effective. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to compare (1) open CTR in the procedure room (OCTR/PR), (2) OCTR in the operating room (OCTR/OR), and (3) endoscopic CTR in the operating room (ECTR/OR).

Methods:

A decision analytic model was used to compare costs and health utilities between treatment strategies. Utility and probability parameters were identified from the literature. Medical costs were estimated with Medicare ambulatory surgical payment data. Indirect costs were related to days out of work due to surgical recovery and complications. The effectiveness outcome was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses and one-way sensitivity analyses were performed. Cost-effectiveness was assessed from the societal and health-care system perspectives with use of a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/QALY.

Results:

In the base-case analysis, OCTR/PR was more cost-effective than OCTR/OR and ECTR/OR from the societal perspective. The mean total costs and QALYs per patient were $29,738 ± $4,098 and 0.88 ± 0.08 for OCTR/PR, $30,002 ± $4,098 and 0.88 ± 0.08 for OCTR/OR, and $41,311 ± $4,833 and 0.87 ± 0.08 for ECTR/OR. OCTR/PR was also the most cost-effective strategy from the health-care system perspective. These findings were robust in the probabilistic sensitivity analyses: OCTR/PR was the dominant strategy (greater QALYs at a lower cost) in 55% and 61% of iterations from societal and health-care system perspectives, respectively. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that OCTR/PR and OCTR/OR remained more cost-effective than ECTR/OR from a societal perspective under the following conditions: $0 surgical cost of ECTR, 0% revision rate following ECTR, equalization of the return-to-work rate between OCTR and ECTR, or 0 days out of work following ECTR. OCTR/OR became more cost-effective than OCTR/PR with the median nerve injury rate tripling and doubling from societal and health-care system perspectives, respectively, or if surgical direct costs in the PR exceeded those in the OR.

Conclusions:

Compared with OCTR/OR and ECTR/OR, OCTR/PR minimizes costs to the health-care system and society while providing favorable outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Economic and Decision Analysis Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL TO INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE BELARUS ECONOMY REFORMING
Authors: SOLODOVNIKOV S. , MAZURENKO O.
Published: August 2021

The essence and the socio-economic interdependence of the mechanisms of economic
competitiveness and social capital of Belarus and pre-crisis Ukraine. It is possible to propose ways to improve the use of existing social capital in the Republic of Belarus to ensure sustainable economic growth, including: ensuring steady distribution of social capital in the country for various social horizons; improvement and development of business partnerships «society-state».
НЕКОТОРЫЕ МИФЫ О СООТНОШЕНИИ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТРУДА И ЗАРАБОТНОЙ ПЛАТЫ В БЕЛОРУССКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ
Authors: ВАСЮЧЕНОК Л.
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена анализу положения о необходимости превышения темпов роста производительности труда над темпами роста заработной платы. Показано, что производительность труда и заработная плата являются сложными экономическими феноменами, имеющими неоднородную структуру. Упрощенный подход к проблеме порождает ряд мифических суждений, сдерживающих становление новых источников экономического роста в Беларуси.
RESEARCH OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONALY OF WATER AND SEWAGE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: MELESHKO Yu. , SERHIYEVICH T.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the research of the system of external and internal factors causing the development of water supply and sewage facilities of the Republic of Belarus. This sector of the economy needs of the systemic modernization. Its scientific support should include the identification and analysis of factors of the external and internal environment of the water and sewage economy. The study of the characteristics of the socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus and the specifics of the water and sewage economy as an independent type of economic activity allowed structuring external and internal factors for the development of a water supply and wastewater system in the housing and utilities sector of the Republic of Belarus, as well as identifying and analyzing the risks that may arise during modernization of the system and requiring consideration in the development of its areas.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT THROUGH HOLISTIC MARKETING
Authors: Drozdovich L.
Published: August 2021

The article considers the main trends in the development of modern marketing. The approaches to such concepts as «holistic marketing», communications capacity, which is generated by the formation of integrated marketing communications, are defined. The article has developed proposals for the optimization of communication structure taking into account the digitalization of consumer behavior. The stages of formation of «sales funnel» based on the transformation of communicational instruments and their integration are shown in the current paper.
ANALYSIS OF THE TRENDS AND RISKS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AT THE MODERN STAGE
Authors: Kitikov V. , Нursky V. , Boltrukevich A.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the trends and risks in the development of water and sanitation sectors (WSS) in the Republic of Belarus. The main problems hindering the effective development of WSS are identified. The factors causing the differentiation of the cost of water supply and sanitation services at the regional level have been studied. The following main trends in the development of WSS are identified: increasing requirements for water quality and water supply services from the public and the state; reduction of specific water consumption per capita; regional differentiation of costs and tariffs for water supply and sanitation services. The main provisions of improving the efficiency of the industry are formulated on the basis of research: structural and economic transformation of the system of management and financing of WWS; implementation of a unified innovation and technology, economic and personnel policy, modernization of facilities and engineering infrastructure in the WWS.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF RENDERING INDUSTRIAL SERVICES IN THE CONTEXT OF INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors: MELESHKO Yu.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of the economic mechanism of providing industrial services as a way to improve the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. The importance of industrial services in improving the competitiveness of industrial enterprises (in the context of the fourth industrial revolution), the state and structure of the sector of these services in the Republic of Belarus are shown. The features of the development of the Internet of Things are considered, the specifics of the economic mechanism for the provision of industrial services and the existing trends in their development in the Republic of Belarus are shown. The directions for improving the economic mechanism for the provision of industrial services in the Republic of Belarus have been identified and practical recommendations have been made for its improvement in the context of the modernization of the national economy.
FORMATION OF STRUCTURAL POLICY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE FEATURES OF SECTORAL STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION IN A NEO-INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY
Authors: Meleshko Yu.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the sectoral structure of production, which characterizes it in terms
of the subject of labor, in the context of the formation of a neo-industrial economy. The theoretical aspects of production as the basis of the economic system of society are considered, the place and role of labor in production is shown. It is proved that for a comprehensive descriptionof production as a socio-economic phenomenon, it is necessary to reveal the features of its sectoral, technological, and organizational and management structure. Based on the historical approach, the article describes the transformation of the sectoral structure of social production, due to scientific and technological progress and the development of society. It is shown that the distinctive characteristic of the sectoral structure of production in the neo-industrial economy is the preservation of the role of the key driver of economic development for the industrial sector, with the statistical dominance of the tertiary sector due to the priority development of industrial services. This made it possible to identify directions for the formation of structural policies as a component of strategic planning for economic development.
THE PROBLEM OF " PROPERTY" IN ECONOMIC THEORY
Authors: Kuregyan S.
Published: August 2021

The article reveals the modern problem of "property" as an economic category. "Property" is both an economic and legal (legal) attitude. There are contradictions between the economic relation of ownership and the legal (legal) relation of ownership, often they do not coincide. Modern understanding of property cannot do without the concept of “intellectual property.” Property in general terms is not only the appropriation of material goods, but also spiritual values.
THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL POLICY ON ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF SOCIAL MACROGROUPS
Authors: Luchenok А.
Published: August 2021

The article justified on the need to use financial policy to coordinate economic interests,
taking into account the limited rationality of the behavior of economic agents and the possibility of their opportunistic behavior to realize their interests. The author provides an aggregated classification of the demands and interests of individuals, organizations and society as a whole, based on the goals of ensuring the coordination of their interests.
The necessity of reorienting of the priorities of state regulation in framework of the eastern institutional matrix to harmonize and balance the economic interests of social macrogroups is substantiated. At the same time, none of the social macrogroups should act as the sole representative of national interests, subduing the interests of other social macrogroups.
SUBORDINATION AND ORDINATION MANAGEMENT IN ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: SOLODOVNIKOV S.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the content of subordinate and ordinational management. According to the results of the study, it was established that as the socio-economic relations caused by the objective transition from the traditional market economy based on the industrial technological structure to more developed forms of management become more complex, the importance of social capital and for subordinate management in economic systems increases. In addition, as social and technological progress progresses, there will inevitably be an increase in the role of ordinal economic management as compared to subordinate, as well as a significant increase in diversity in the forms of economic management.
EVOLUTION OF WORK ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING
Authors: Kuzmitskaya T.
Published: August 2021

The evolution of labor organisation and production management based on the mechanisms of variation, heredity, selection, adaptation and politur certification periods during the transition from handicraft to industrial and further to post-industrial production. The advantages of group and team organization and labor management in the modern world in comparison with the systems built on the principles of rigid hierarchy are shown.
VALUES AND PREFERENCES IN HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR:
REFLECTION IN ECONOMIC CONCEPTS
Authors: Yanovich P.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the approach to the issue of rationality of behavior and the ways
to define a household in the neoclassical direction, in the neo-Austrian school, behavioral and experimental economy. The definitions of households as agents that maximize their benefits, as the result of maximizing the utility of individual members, as well as maximizing the overall utility for the common good are given. Rationality is considered in terms of the individual behavior of different household units and in terms of the whole household.
PROSPECTS OF NEW INDUSTRIALIZATION OF BELARUS IN THE LIGHT OF PATTERNS OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Vasiuchonak L.
Published: August 2021

It is shown that a light trend towards an increase in the level of technology of the some
branches of the Belarusian economy is a post effective stage of the evolutionary development of technology. But in the complex structure of technological systems there are operations and processes, the potential of evolutionary development of which is far from exhausted. To ensure the effectiveness of a series of small innovations that possess cumulative action when each individual act is insignificant, a special organizational and economic mechanism is proposed, analogous to which is the well-known Scanlon plan. For the development of new production technologies, an organizational-economic mechanism is recommended according to the Triple Helix Model.
NETWORK MECHANISMS OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT AS NEW FORMS OF SOCIAL AND FUNCTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: SOLODOVNIKOV S.
Published: August 2021

The article aims to eliminate the gap in the study of network mechanisms of economic
management as new forms of social and functional technologies. As a result of the study, the concept of network mechanisms of economic management is defined as fundamentally new forms of social and functional technologies, characterized by a significant acceleration of management processes, receiving and exchanging information through the use of the latest Internet technologies, which leads to changes in the behavior logic of the network economy subjects and ideological competition. The influence of network mechanisms of economic management on the emergence of fundamentally new mechanisms of economic and political economic competition has been investigated.
THE MODELING OF THE MACHINE-BUILDING COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors: Baynev V. , Bliznyuk O.
Published: August 2021

Machine-building complex of the Republic of Belarus plays a special role in the country's
industry. This article is devoted to the construction of predictive models of growth of the machine-building complex of the Republic of Belarus on the basis of factors, which directly affect it. While writing the article, the author has used such tools as PEST-analysis, correlation analysis, graphical analysis and modeling.
Predictive Proteomic Signature for the Prognosis of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ji Xiaoyu , Chu Guangdi , Jiao Jinwen , Lv Teng , Chen Yulong , Yao Qin
Published: August 2021

Objective: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common types of malignant female cancer, and its incidence and mortality are not optimistic. Protein panels can be a powerful prognostic factor for many types of cancer. The purpose of our study was to investigate a proteomic panel to predict survival of patients with common CC. Methods and results: The protein expression and clinicopathological data of CC were downloaded from The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, respectively. We selected the prognosis-related proteins (PRPs) by univariate Cox regression analysis and found that the results of functional enrichment analysis were mainly related to apoptosis. We used Kaplan–Meier(K-M) analysis and multivariable Cox regression analysis further to screen PRPs to establish a prognostic model, including BCL2, SMAD3, and 4EBP1-pT70. The signature was verified to be independent predictors of OS by Cox regression analysis and the Area Under Curves. Nomogram and subgroup classification were established based on the signature to verify its clinical application. Furthermore, we looked for the co-expressed proteins of three-protein panel as potential prognostic proteins.Conclusion: A proteomic signature independently predicted OS of CC patients, and the predictive ability was better than the clinicopathological characteristics. This signature can help improve prediction for clinical outcome and provides new targets for CC treatment.
Studying Survivors of Near-Fatal Suicide Attempts By Poisoning: Qualitative Study
Authors: Pires Emanuelle Garmes , Silva Gizelda Monteiro da , Silva Sonia Maria Cesar de Azevedo
Published: August 2021

Background: Near-fatal suicide attempts by poisoning increase the risk of subsequent suicide and results in hospitalizations due to health damage caused by chemical agents. There have been no studies in Brazil considering the factors related to the choice of self-poisoning in near-fatal suicide attempts and individual awareness of hazards if non-lethal outcome. Aims: Investigate the factors influencing the decision to use poisoning in near-fatal suicide attempts and the perception of its dangers in case of survival. Method: Exploratory qualitative research with 17 adult patients who had near-fatal suicide attempts by self-poisoning hospitalized at a general hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Results: Patients reported three main reasons for the choice of method: the expectation of death without suffering, the belief of its efficacy as a suicide method, and ease of access to chemical agents. None considered the health risks associated with the chemical agents if they survived due to impulsivity and misinformation. Conclusion: Most participants chose self-poisoning with the expectation of death without suffering. Importantly, although half the sample required hospitalization, none had considered the risks associated with the use of such chemical agents. We conclude that prevention strategies should inform the possible health damages related to the use of chemical agents for people at risk of suicide.
Influence of drying methods on physicals, mineralogical and environmental characteristics of a marine sediment.
Authors: Fatima Ouendi , Zentar Rachid , Wang Hongwei
Published: August 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
TAS-102 Independent and Combined Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Cheng-Jiang , Hu Ting , Shao Ping , Chu Wu-Yang , Cao Yu , Zhang Feng
Published: August 2021

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TAS-102 in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
Methods

The pubmed, web of science, medline, cochrane library databases were searched for the literature on TAS-102 treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Extract data such as median Overall Survival (mOS), median Progression-Free Survival (mPFS) and the incidence of adverse events for meta-analysis.
Results

Our study found that the mOS of patients treated with TAS-102 was 7.74 (95%CI: 6.09–9.85) and the mPFS was 2.91 (95%CI: 2.38–3.57). The mOS in patients treated by TAS-102 Combined with bevacizumab is 10.41 (95%CI: 8.40-12.89) and the mPFS is 4.35 (95%CI: 3.05–6.20). In the control experiment, the patients' mOS and mPFS were improved. TAS-102 + B VS. TAS- 102 (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.93; OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.63–0.83). TAS-102 VS. Placebo(OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.29–0.67; OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.42–0.62). The incidence of adverse events in combination with bevacizumab will increase.
Conclusion

TAS-102 single or combined treatment can significantly improve the survival of patients, and drug safety should be considered when formulating a combined treatment plan.
Prediction of Ductile Damage and Fracture in the Single and Multi-stage Incremental Hole-flanging Process Using a New Damage Accumulation Law
Authors: Seyyedi Seyyed Emad , Gorji Hamid , Mirnia Mohammad Javad , Bhakhshi-Jooybari Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Incremental hole-flanging (IHF) is a process in which a sheet with a pre-cut hole is flanged by the single point incremental forming (SPIF) process. Fracture prediction in IHF, such as SPIF, is associated with many challenges due to the deformation mechanisms. The purpose of this paper is to overcome the existing limitations and challenges, and thus, to predict accurately failure in single, and multi-stage IHF processes. To this end, the modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC) criterion was implemented using an appropriate user subroutine in a finite element method (FEM) model. The AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet, which has low formability, and is fractured from its free edges in the IHF process, was examined as an example. Initially, a linear damage accumulation law, in which the prediction error is high due to the non-linear stress and strain states in the IHF, was used to predict the fracture. Therefore, in the next step, a non-linear damage accumulation function was utilized. While the non-linear accumulation accurately predicts the single-stage IHF fracture, it is not able to predict the fracture well in the multi-stage IHF. It was observed that in multi-stage IHF, the rate of damage accumulation decreases with increasing the number of forming stages. Accordingly, a new non-linear damage accumulation rule was developed. Experimental and numerical results indicated acceptable accuracy of the proposed non-linear accumulation in the fracture prediction in the single and multi-stage IHF process.