bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Preproduction Conceptual‐Numerical Model of the Roosevelt Geothermal Field using Geological, Geochemical and Structural Information
Authors: YU Han , XU Tianfu , YUAN Yilong , FENG Guanhong
Published: December 2021

The Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA) is a Basin and Range‐type geothermal resource, which is located in southwestern Utah. The integrated multicomponent geothermometry (IMG) approach is used to estimate the reservoir temperature at the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. Geothermometric modeling results indicate the deep reservoir temperature is approximately 284.6°C. A conceptual model of the Roosevelt Hot Spring KGRA is provided through integrating the various pieces of exploration information, including the geological data, geothermometric results, temperature well log and field evidence. A two‐dimensional cross‐sectional model was thus built to quantitatively investigate the coupled thermal‐hydraulic processes in the Roosevelt geothermal field. By matching the preproduction temperature log data of deep wells, parameters controlling flow and heat transport are identified. The method and model presented here may be useful for other geothermal fields with similar conditions.
Fracture Network Volume Fracturing Technology in High‐temperature Hard Formation of Hot Dry Rock
Authors: CHEN Zuo , XU Guoqing , ZHOU Jian , LIU Jiankun
Published: December 2021

It is more difficult for a hot dry rock to form a fracture network system than shale due to its special lithology, physical and mechanical properties under high temperature. The essential characteristics, rock mechanics and in‐situ stress characteristics of a hot rock mass have been systematically studied by means of laboratory tests and true tri‐axial physical simulation. The fracture initiation and propagation characteristics under different geological and engineering conditions are physically simulated, and the main controlling factors for the formation of a complex fracture network are revealed. The technology of low displacement for enhancing thermal cracking, gel fluid for expanding fracture and variable displacement cyclic injection for increasing a fracture network has been applied in the field, and good results have been achieved. Micro‐seismic monitoring results demonstrate that complex fractures were formed in the field test, and the stimulation volume for heat exchanging reaches more than 3 million cubic meters. The research results play an important role in the stimulation technology of an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) and realize a breakthrough for power generation.
Hydraulic Fracturing‐induced Seismicity at the Hot Dry Rock Site of the Gonghe Basin in China
Authors: CHEN Zubin , ZHAO Fa , SUN Feng , LÜ Hao , WANG Chunlu , WU Haidong , ZHOU Xiaohua
Published: December 2021

Hot dry rock is becoming an important clean energy source. Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) hold great promise for the potential to make a contribution to the energy inventory. However, one controversial issue associated with EGS is the impact of induced seismicity. In August 2019, a hydraulic stimulation experiment took place at the hot dry rock site of the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai, China. Earthquakes of different magnitudes of 2 or less occurred during the hydraulic stimulation. Correlations between hydraulic stimulation and seismic risk are still under discussion. Here, we analyze the hydraulic stimulation test and microseismic activity. We quantify the evolution of several parameters to explore the correlations between hydraulic stimulation and induced seismicity, including hydraulic parameters, microseismic events, b‐value and statistical forecasting of event magnitudes. The results show that large‐magnitude microseismic events have an upward trend with an increase of the total fluid volume. The variation of the b‐value with time indicates that the stimulation experiment induces small amounts of seismicity. Forecasted magnitudes of events can guide operational decisions with respect to induced seismicity during hydraulic fracturing operations, thus providing the basis for risk assessment of hot dry rock exploitation.
Uncertainty and learning in a technologically dynamic industry: Seed density in U.S. maize
Authors: Perry Edward D. , Hennessy David A. , Moschini GianCarlo
Published: December 2021

The large and sustained yield gains achieved since the introduction of maize hybrids in the 1930s (about 1.8 bushels per acre per year) have been accompanied by a remarkably parallel and steady increase in seeding density. This increase occurred in an environment characterized by rapid technological innovation, including genetic engineering, and commercial hybrid varieties with short life cycles. An important question, then, is whether and how breeders and farmers have learned about the optimal planting density. In this paper, we use unique and detailed U.S. farm‐level data, consisting of more than 400,000 planting choices from 1995–2016, to assess the nature of learning about seeding density. Importantly, we control for unobserved confounders through both hybrid and farm‐level fixed effects. We find that the variance in planting rates for a given hybrid has decreased over time, and that farmers tend to plant a given variety at higher rates over time. This is consistent with Bayesian learning in which risk‐neutral farmers possess priors consistently below the true optimal rate. We cast doubt on risk aversion as a credible explanation for this finding by analyzing the contrasting evolution of soybean planting rates (a crop with exogenously different agronomic determinants of seed density). We interpret our results as evidence of inertia: the initial bias in maize farmers' priors is tilted towards the optimal planting rates of varieties planted in the past. One implication of the finding that farmers historically underinvested in seeding rates is that eliminating this tendency could result in productivity gains.
International Status Concerns and Domestic Support for Political Leaders
Authors: Powers Ryan , Renshon Jonathan
Published: December 2021

We study how international status concerns among the public affect support for political leaders, arguing that because status competition is pervasive in social life and because international status competition entails high‐profile displays of scientific or martial savvy, the public is likely to be attuned to the status implications of foreign policy crises. We test this argument in seven survey experiments across four issue areas. The results show that adverse outcomes in world affairs increase expectations of international status loss and, through that mechanism, reduce presidential approval. Analysis of open‐ended survey responses reveals that the public views international status in much the same way that international relations scholars do: it is multidimensional, positional, and instrumentally useful. Taken together, our results suggest that the public's international status concerns have significant implications for leaders and offer new insight into how the public parses the implications of events abroad.
Association of urinary organophosphate esters level with sex steroid hormones levels in adult males: A nationwide study, NHANES 2013–2014
Authors: Chen Zeyu , Qiu Shi , Zhang Chichen , Zhan Yu , Liu Liangren , Bao Yige , Chen Bo , Bai Yunjin , Zheng Xiaonan , Huang Yin , Jin Kun , Han Ping , Wei Qiang
Published: December 2021

Background

Exposure to environmental pollution via different mechanisms is associated with multiple endocrine dysfunctions. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are endocrine‐disrupting chemicals that affect sex steroid hormones.

Purpose

We aimed to study the effect of OPEs and their metabolites, such as diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), bis(1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), bis(2‐chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), and dibutyl phosphate (DBUP), on sex steroid hormones in males.

Design, setting, participants, and intervention

This cross‐sectional analytical study analyzed data from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey among 763 male participants aged ≥20 years.

Main outcome measures

The relationships between the metabolites of OPEs and total testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone‐binding globulin, and the ratio of total testosterone to estradiol (a parameter derived from total testosterone and estradiol) were evaluated using multivariate linear regression models that were adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

A total of 763 participants, with a mean age of 44.59 (±15.59) years, were enrolled. Of these, 65.7% participants had non‐Hispanic white ancestry, 9.83% had non‐Hispanic black ancestry, and 15.97% had Hispanic ancestry. Participants with higher urinary level of DPHP had a lower level of total testosterone and estradiol. Moreover, higher urinary levels of BDCPP were associated with higher estradiol.

Conclusion

According to our study, which is based on a representative population of US adults, exposure to OPEs was significantly associated with altered sex hormone levels (total testosterone and estradiol). Further studies focused on the underlying mechanisms regarding the association between each metabolite and sex steroid hormones are required.
Distress, problems and unmet rehabilitation needs after treatment for gynecological cancer
Authors: Seland Mette , Skrede Katrine , Lindemann Kristina , Skaali Tone , Blomhoff Rune , Bruheim Kjersti , Wisløff Torbjørn , Thorsen Lene
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The prevalence of distress, problems and need for rehabilitation among women treated for gynecological cancer is largely unknown. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of distress, problems and unmet rehabilitation needs in the first years after treatment for gynecological cancer.

Material and methods

Women treated for gynecological cancer within the last 2 years were invited. Participants responded to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer and Problem List measuring distress and problems. They also answered a questionnaire regarding physical endurance, muscle strength, and need for rehabilitation services.

Results

Of 114 eligible women, 92 (81%) agreed to participate. Mean time since last treatment was 7.6 months (range 0–24.5 months). A total of 57% of the participants reported distress. The four most common problems reported were fatigue (58%), tingling in hands/feet (54%), worry (53%), and problems with memory/concentration (50%). Problems associated with distress were: dealing with partner, all emotional problems (i.e. depression, fears, nervousness, sadness, worry, and loss of interest in usual activities), appearance, memory/concentration, pain, sex, sleep, and problems with physical endurance and muscle strength. Fifty‐two percent reported unmet needs for rehabilitation services. Women with distress reported more unmet rehabilitation needs than those in the non‐distressed group.

Conclusions

The prevalence of distress in this population of women treated for gynecological cancer was high. Having a high number of problems and having unmet needs for rehabilitation services were both associated with distress. Hence, measurement of distress seems to be helpful when assessing the need for rehabilitation services.
Acute response to cholinergic challenge predicts long‐term response to galantamine treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Baakman Anne Catrien , Gavan Carmen , van Doeselaar Lotte , de Kam Marieke , Broekhuizen Karen , Bajenaru Ovidiu , Camps Laura , Swart Eleonora L. , Kalisvaart Kees , Schoonenboom Niki , Lemstra Evelien , Scheltens Philip , Cohen Adam , van Gerven Joop , Groeneveld Geert Jan
Published: December 2021

Aims

Cholinesterase inhibitors (CEIs) have been shown to improve cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, but are associated with multiple side effects and only 20–40% of the patients clinically improve. In this study, we aimed to investigate the acute pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of administration of a single dose of galantamine on central nervous system (CNS) functioning in mild to moderate AD patients and its potential to predict long‐term treatment response.

Methods

This study consisted of a challenge and treatment phase. In the challenge phase, a single dose of 16 mg galantamine was administered to 50 mild to moderate AD patients in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over fashion. Acute PD effects were monitored up to 5 hours after administration with use of the NeuroCart CNS test battery and safety and pharmacokinetics were assessed. In the treatment phase, patients were treated with open‐label galantamine according to regular clinical care. After 6 months of galantamine treatment, patients were categorized as either responder or as non‐responder based on their minimental state examination (MMSE), neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) and disability assessment in dementia (DAD) scores. An analysis of covariance was performed to study the difference in acute PD effects during the challenge phase between responders and non‐responders.

Results

A single dose of galantamine significantly reduced saccadic reaction time (−0.0099; 95% CI = −0.0195, −0.0003;P = .0430), absolute frontal EEG parameters in alpha (−14.9; 95% CI = −21.0, −8.3;P = .0002), beta (−12.6; 95% CI = −19.4, −5.3;P = .0019) and theta (−17.9; 95% CI = −25.0, −10.0;P = .0001) frequencies. Relative frontal (−1.669; 95% CI = −2.999, −0.339;P = .0156) and occipital (−1.856; 95% CI = −3.339, −0.372;P = .0166) EEG power in theta frequency and relative occipital EEG power in the gamma frequency (1.316; 95% CI = 0.158, 2.475;P = .0273) also increased significantly compared to placebo. Acute decreases of absolute frontal alpha (−20.4; 95% CI = −31.6, −7.47;P = .0046), beta (−15.7; 95% CI = −28.3, −0.93;P = .0390) and theta (−25.9; 95% CI = −38.4, −10.9;P = .0024) EEG parameters and of relative frontal theta power (−3.27%; 95% CI = −5.96, −0.58;P = .0187) on EEG significantly distinguished responders (n = 11) from non‐responders (n = 32) after 6 months.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that acute PD effects after single dose of galantamine are correlated with long‐term treatment effects and that patients who demonstrate a reduction in EEG power in the alpha and theta frequency after a single administration of galantamine 16 mg will most likely respond to treatment.
Effects of dalteparin on anti‐Xa activities cannot be predicted in critically ill COVID‐19 patients
Authors: van der Heijden Charlotte D. C. C. , ter Heine Rob , Kooistra Emma J. , Brüggemann Roger J. , Walburgh Schmidt Jesper W. J. , de Grouw Elke P. L. M. , Frenzel Tim , Pickkers Peter , Leentjens Jenneke
Published: December 2021

Critically ill COVID‐19 patients are at high risk of thromboembolic events despite routine‐dosed low‐molecular‐weight heparin thromboprophylaxis. However, in recent randomized trials increased‐intensity thromboprophylaxis seemed futile and possibly even harmful. In this explorative pharmacokinetic (PK) study we measured anti‐Xa activities on frequent timepoints in 15 critically ill COVID‐19 patients receiving dalteparin and performed PK analysis by nonlinear mixed‐effect modelling. A linear one‐compartment model with first‐order kinetics provided a good fit. However, wide interindividual variation in dalteparin absorption (variance 78%) and clearance (variance 34%) was observed, unexplained by routine clinical covariates. Using the final PK model for Monte Carlo simulations, we predicted increased‐intensity dalteparin to result in anti‐Xa activities well over prophylactic targets (0.2‐0.4 IU/mL) in the majority of patients. Therapeutic‐intensity dalteparin results in supratherapeutic anti‐Xa levels (target 0.6‐1.0 IU/mL) in 19% of patients and subtherapeutic levels in 22%. Therefore, anti‐Xa measurements should guide high‐intensity dalteparin in critically ill COVID‐19 patients.
Semiparametric Count Data Regression for Self-Reported Mental Health
Authors: Kowal Daniel R. , Wu Bohan
Published: December 2021

‘‘For how many days during the past 30 days was your mental health not good?” The responses to this question measure self-reported mental health and can be linked to important covariates in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). However, these count variables present major distributional challenges: The data are overdispersed, zero-inflated, bounded by 30, and heaped in 5- and 7-day increments. To address these challenges—which are especially common for health questionnaire data—we design a semiparametric estimation and inference framework for count data regression. The data-generating process is defined by simultaneously transforming and rounding (star) a latent Gaussian regression model. The transformation is estimated nonparametrically and the rounding operator ensures the correct support for the discrete and bounded data. Maximum likelihood estimators are computed using an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm that is compatible with any continuous data model estimable by least squares. star regression includes asymptotic hypothesis testing and confidence intervals, variable selection via information criteria, and customized diagnostics. Simulation studies validate the utility of this framework. Using star regression, we identify key factors associated with self-reported mental health and demonstrate substantial improvements in goodness-of-fit compared to existing count data regression models.
Debate: If not us, then who?
Authors: Mellor Catriona , Speedy Kathryn , Barnes Nicholas , Kellas Alan
Published: December 2021

Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists have stressful jobs and huge caseloads, and are ideally placed to play an influential and meaningful role in responding to ‘the biggest global health threat of the 21st Century’: the eco‐crisis. This article describes how a group of child and adolescent psychiatrists responded to the awareness that the impacts of the eco‐crisis will increasingly undermine their daily work in the clinic. The article lists the progress this small group of committed individuals have made in raising awareness of the issues and what steps they have taken to guide and support other practitioners who want to play their part. Their future plans are set out with an invitation to join the crucial endeavour.
Structure–activity trends analysis between amino acid compositions and minimal inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Zouhir Abdelmajid , Semmar Nabil
Published: December 2021

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide large structural libraries of molecules with high variability of constitutional amino acids (AAs). Highlighting structural organization and structure–activity trends in such molecular systems provides key information on structural associations and functional conditions that could usefully help for drug design. This work presents link analyses between minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and different types of constitutionalAAsof anti‐Pseudomonas aeruginosa AMPs. This scope was based on a dataset of 328 published molecules. Regulation levels ofAAsinAMPswere statistically ordinated by correspondence analysis helping for classification of the 328AMPsinto nine structurally homogeneous peptide clusters (PCs 1‐9) characterized by high/low relative occurrences of differentAAs. Within eachPC, negative trends betweenMICandAAswere highlighted by iterated multiple linear regression models built by bootstrap processes (bagging).MICdecrease was linked to differentAAsthat varied withPCs: alcohol‐typeAAs(Thr,Ser) inCys‐rich and lowArg PCs(PCs 1‐3); basicAAs(Lys,Arg) inPro‐rich and lowVal PCs(PCs 4‐8);Trp(heterocyclicAA) inArg‐richPCs(PCs 6,7,9). AliphaticAAs(more particularlyGly) showedMICreduction effects in differentPCsessentially under interactive forms.
Perceived impact of lockdown on daily life in children with physical disabilities and their families during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Varengue Roxane , Brochard Sylvain , Bouvier Sandra , Bailly Rodolphe , Houx Laetitia , Lempereur Mathieu , Kandalaft Christèle , Chatelin Alain , Vagnoni Jacky , Vuillerot Carole , Gautheron Vincent , Dheilly Elea , Pons Christelle , Dinomais Mickael , Cacioppo Marine
Published: December 2021

Background

The first lockdown during COVID‐19 pandemic in France led to an abrupt change in children's daily lives. For children with physical disabilities and their families, activities were limited, access to healthcare and therapy was disrupted, and family organization was altered. The objective was to report the impact of the lockdown on daily life activities and well‐being of children with physical disabilities as perceived by caregivers.

Methods

Two online national surveys were addressed to the parents of children with physical disabilities (ECHO survey: 6 April to 11 May 2020) and without disabilities (E‐COPAIN survey: 24 April to 11 May 2020), confined at home during the lockdown. A lockdown impact score was calculated from difficulties related to children's well‐being (morale, behaviour and social interaction) and daily life activities (schooling and physical activity) and compared between groups. Data on family environment, parental stress and concerns were collected.

Results

One thousand three hundred seventy‐six children (9.45 ± 4.78 years, 54% girls) in ECHO survey and 367 children (7.3 ± 4.4 years, 48% girls) in E‐COPAIN survey were included. A negative impact of lockdown was found on 81% of children with physical disabilities. Behavioural problems were significantly more frequent (59.5% vs. 47.4%, P < .005) and parental stress was higher (6.1 ± 3.33 vs. 5.3 ± 3.01, P = .005) in the ECHO group. Associated impairments (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45 [1.30–1.62], P < .001), parental stress (OR = 1.09 [1.06–1.12], P < .001) and continuation of rehabilitation (OR = 0.80 [0.72–0.89], P < .001) were determinants of the level of difficulty experienced.

Conclusions

The lockdown had a considerable, negative impact on the daily life of children with disabilities and their families. Guiding policymakers with the essential daily life activities and the services to provide for children with physical disabilities would offer valuable insights to manage such a sanitary crisis and allow to identify the most vulnerable population.
A splice site mutation in the TSEN2 causes a new syndrome with craniofacial and central nervous system malformations, and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Canpolat Nur , Liu Dingxiao , Atayar Emine , Saygili Seha , Kara Nazli Sila , Westfall Trudi A. , Ding Qiong , Brown Bartley J. , Braun Terry A. , Slusarski Diane , Karli Oguz Kader , Ozluk Yasemin , Tuysuz Beyhan , Tastemel Ozturk Tugba , Sever Lale , Sezerman Osman Ugur , Topaloglu Rezan , Caliskan Salim , Attanasio Massimo , Ozaltin Fatih
Published: December 2021

Recessive mutations in the genes encoding the four subunits of the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex (TSEN54, TSEN34, TSEN15, and TSEN2) cause various forms of pontocerebellar hypoplasia, a disorder characterized by hypoplasia of the cerebellum and the pons, microcephaly, dysmorphisms, and other variable clinical features. Here, we report an intronic recessive founder variant in the gene TSEN2 that results in abnormal splicing of the mRNA of this gene, in six individuals from four consanguineous families affected with microcephaly, multiple craniofacial malformations, radiological abnormalities of the central nervous system, and cognitive retardation of variable severity. Remarkably, unlike patients with previously described mutations in the components of the TSEN complex, all the individuals that we report developed atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) with thrombotic microangiopathy, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, proteinuria, severe hypertension, and end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) early in life. Bulk RNA sequencing of peripheral blood cells of four affected individuals revealed abnormal tRNA transcripts, indicating an alteration of the tRNA biogenesis. Morpholino‐mediated skipping of exon 10 of tsen2 in zebrafish produced phenotypes similar to human patients. Thus, we have identified a novel syndrome accompanied by aHUS suggesting the existence of a link between tRNA biology and vascular endothelium homeostasis, which we propose to name with the acronym TRACK syndrome (TSEN2 Related Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, Craniofacial malformations, Kidney failure).
Thoracic transplantation during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ganapathi Asvin M. , Henn Matthew C. , Lampert Brent C. , Nunley David R. , Bumgardner Ginny , Mokadam Nahush A. , Whitson Bryan A.
Published: December 2021

The worldwide pandemic caused by COVID‐19, resulting from the infection by betacoronarvirus SARS‐CoV‐2, has dramatically altered healthcare worldwide. Due to the highly contagious nature of SARS‐CoV2, coupled with hospitals and intensive care units being overwhelmed, numerous transplant programs either slowed or shut down completely. While there have been isolated reports of COVID‐19 in transplant recipients, no study to date has examined how COVID‐19 affected actual transplant patterns and outcomes in the United States. Of particular importance is the impact of COVID‐19 on mortality in waitlisted patients and transplant recipients. Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) dataset, we compared waitlist and transplant characteristics from 3/2019‐8/2019 to 3/2020‐8/2020, as well as COVID‐19 associated mortality in patients with prior heart or lung transplant or those active on the waitlist. Overall, there was an initial decrease in transplant volume in April 2020; however, volumes have normalized since then, with comparable outcomes to similar calendar months in 2019. Additionally, there were no significant changes in post‐transplant outcomes or waiting list mortality. Given the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, it would be beneficial to maintain current practices for thoracic transplantation, to continue to provide this life‐saving therapy to those in need.
Applicability of the UK DCD risk score in the modern era of liver transplantation: A U.S. update
Authors: Wu W. Kelly , Ziogas Ioannis A. , Matsuoka Lea K. , Izzy Manhal , Alexopoulos Sophoclis P.
Published: December 2021

Background

Careful graft and recipient selection have resulted in improved outcomes in liver transplantation (LT) using donation after cardiac death (DCD) organs. The UK DCD Risk Score was established as a risk stratification tool to guide selection.

Methods

We evaluated the applicability of the UK DCD Risk Score in a contemporary US cohort of adult DCD LT recipients using the United Network for Organ Sharing registry (2011‐2020).

Results

A total of 3,899 DCD LTs were included in our study (UK DCD Risk Score 0–5 points: 1,438 [36.9%], 6–10 points: 2,034 [52.2%]; 11–20 points: 427 [11.0%]). Compared to a score of 6–10 points, a score of 0–5 points was associated with decreased risk of graft loss (HR = .79, 95%CI: .68‐.93, p = .004), while a score of 11–20 points was associated with increased risk of graft loss (HR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.01‐1.56, p = .04). The 5‐year graft survival for patients with risk scores of 0–5, 6–10, and 11–20 were 75.9%, 71.8%, and 66.5%, respectively. The C‐statistic for the UK DCD Risk Score in our contemporary cohort was .611.

Conclusions

The UK DCD Risk Score demonstrates a more limited ability to differentiate recipient outcomes in the modern era of DCD LT in the US. Acceptable long‐term outcomes are achievable for patients stratified to the highest‐risk group.
Body politics, alterities, and perception: A theological hesitation after the pandemic
Authors: Kristensen Johanne Stubbe Teglbjærg
Published: December 2021

By demanding collective strategies and agreeing individuals, the pandemic has not only exposed multiple kinds of otherness around us and between us, but even within us. In this article, I propose to theologically reflect on this situation by means of a perceptive hesitation. I do this with reference to Wolfhart Pannenberg's theology, and Alia Al‐Sagi's critical phenomenology, both of whom draw on Henri Bergsson's descriptions of human temporality, and share the consideration of human independence as being integral to perceiving alterity. In the end, I identify where Al‐Sagi and Pannneberg differ, and I go with Al‐Sagi, and consider hesitation as a term for the temporal dimension and difference of faith as related to hope and the necessary condition for a loving body politics.
Forested watersheds mitigate the thermal degradation of headwater fish assemblages under future climate change
Authors: Kirk Mark A. , Hazlett Megan A. , Shaffer Chris L. , Wissinger Scott A.
Published: December 2021

Certain habitat features of stream ecosystems can reduce their sensitivity to climate change and help protect the integrity of cold‐water aquatic resources. Identifying such features is imperative for conserving the climate refugia of cold‐water species. Using a combination of stream temperature and fish assemblage data, we quantified thermal sensitivities of 192 headwater streams in Northwest Pennsylvania to identify which landscape features best explained stream susceptibility to temperature change. We then projected changes in native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distributions, non‐native brown trout (Salmo trutta) distributions and declines in cold‐water thermal integrity under future climate warming and land use change scenarios. Brook trout were predicted to become increasingly relegated to smaller streams under future stream warming. However, we found that streams with intact forest cover at the watershed level had low thermal sensitivities, which slowed rates of projected warming. As a result, streams with forested watersheds were predicted to have smaller declines in thermal integrity and lower extirpation probabilities of brook trout. Additionally, non‐native brown trout were not predicted to expand distributions under projected warming, suggesting minimal synergistic effects between non‐native species and climate change. Forest cover buffers headwater streams from the effects of global change, similar to how groundwater inputs reduce the rate of stream warming. Forest restoration at riparian and watershed levels should help mitigate thermal‐induced degradation of cold‐water aquatic resources.
Elements of exogenous attentional cueing preserved during optokinetic motion of the visual scene
Authors: Mastropasqua Angela , Vural Gizem , Taylor Paul C. J.
Published: December 2021

Navigating through our environment raises challenges for perception by generating salient background visual motion and eliciting prominent eye movements to stabilise the retinal image. It remains unclear if exogenous spatial attentional orienting is possible during background motion and the eye movements it causes and whether this compromises the underlying neural processing. To test this, we combined exogenous orienting, visual scene motion, and electroencephalography (EEG). A total of 26 participants viewed a background of moving black and grey bars (optokinetic stimulation). We tested for effects of non‐spatially predictive peripheral cueing on visual motion discrimination of a target dot, presented either at the same (valid) or opposite (invalid) location as the preceding cue. Valid cueing decreased reaction times not only when participants kept their gaze fixed on a central point (fixation blocks) but also even when there was no fixation point, so that participants performed intensive, repetitive tracking eye movements (eye movement blocks). Overall, manual response reaction times were slower during eye movements. Cueing also produced reliable effects on neural activity on either block, including within the first 120 ms of neural processing of the target. The key pattern with larger event‐related potential (ERP) amplitudes on invalid versus valid trials showed that the neural substrate of exogenous cueing was highly similar during eye movements or fixation. Exogenous peripheral cueing and its neural correlates are robust against distraction from the moving visual scene, important for perceptual cognition during navigation.
Variations and controlling factors of soil denitrification rate
Authors: Li Zhaolei , Tang Ze , Song Zhaopeng , Chen Weinan , Tian Dashuan , Tang Shiming , Wang Xiaoyue , Wang Jinsong , Liu Wenjie , Wang Yi , Li Jie , Jiang Lifen , Luo Yiqi , Niu Shuli
Published: December 2021

The denitrification process profoundly affects soil nitrogen (N) availability and generates its byproduct, nitrous oxide, as a potent greenhouse gas. There are large uncertainties in predicting global denitrification because its controlling factors remain elusive. In this study, we compiled 4301 observations of denitrification rates across a variety of terrestrial ecosystems from 214 papers published in the literature. The averaged denitrification rate was 3516.3 ± 91.1 µg N kg−1 soil day−1. The highest denitrification rate was 4242.3 ± 152.3 µg N kg−1 soil day−1 under humid subtropical climates, and the lowest was 965.8 ± 150.4 µg N kg−1 under dry climates. The denitrification rate increased with temperature, precipitation, soil carbon and N contents, as well as microbial biomass carbon and N, but decreased with soil clay contents. The variables related to soil N contents (e.g., nitrate, ammonium, and total N) explained the variation of denitrification more than climatic and edaphic variables (e.g., mean annual temperature (MAT), soil moisture, soil pH, and clay content) according to structural equation models. Soil microbial biomass carbon, which was influenced by soil nitrate, ammonium, and total N, also strongly influenced denitrification at a global scale. Collectively, soil N contents, microbial biomass, pH, texture, moisture, and MAT accounted for 60% of the variation in global denitrification rates. The findings suggest that soil N contents and microbial biomass are strong predictors of denitrification at the global scale.
The evolution of regional spatial structure influenced by passenger rail service: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Liu Weichen , Guo Jiaying , Wu Wei , Cao Youhui
Published: December 2021

Taking the Yangtze River Delta in China as an example, this paper analyzes the spatial characteristics of passenger rail service in different stages, discusses the evolution of regional multi‐level spatial organization structure under the guidance of passenger rail, and explores the ways to realize efficient and well‐organized regional integration through modern railway infrastructure configuration. Rail transport leads to the formation of several urban subgroups within the Yangtze River Delta. The regional spatial structure is a multi‐level “core‐periphery” nested structure coupled with the internal spatial organization of subgroups and their mutual spatial correlation structure. The organization of intra‐subgroup and inter‐subgroup determine the evolution direction of the whole spatial structure. The development model of constructing a high‐speed railway network with the regional political and economic center cities as hubs has led to each subgroup that starts to rely on these cities to form clusters and achieve spatial reconstruction. In this process, the connection between the “core” areas and the “periphery” areas, as well as among the “periphery” areas within the spatial scope of each level has been strengthened. However, although the gap between the “core” areas and the “periphery” areas has narrowed, it still persists.
Social participation is reduced in type 3 Von Willebrand disease patients and in patients with a severe bleeding phenotype
Authors: Kempers Eva K. , van Kwawegen Calvin B. , de Meris Joke , Schols Saskia E. M. , van Galen Karin P. M. , Meijer Karina , Cnossen Marjon H. , van der Bom Johanna G. , Fijnvandraat Karin , Eikenboom Jeroen , Atiq Ferdows , Leebeek Frank W. G. ,   for the WiN study group
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The negative impact of haemophilia on social participation is well established in previous studies, however, the impact of Von Willebrand disease (VWD) on social participation has not been studied.

Aim

To compare the social participation of a large cohort of VWD patients in the Netherlands with the general Dutch population. In addition, to identify factors associated with social participation in VWD.

Methods

Patients participating in the “Willebrand in the Netherlands” study completed an extensive questionnaire on educational level, absenteeism from school or work, and occupational disabilities.

Results

Seven‐hundred and eighty‐eight VWD patients were included (mean age 38.9 years, 59.5% females), of whom 136 children < 16 years. Adult patients with type 3 VWD more often had a low educational level (52.9%) compared to type 1 (40.2%), type 2 VWD (36.8%) and the general population (36.4%) (p = .005). Moreover, in patients aged ≥16 years the days lost from school and/or work in the year prior to study inclusion differed significantly between the VWD types (p = .011). Using negative binomial regression analysis, the occurrence of bleeding episodes requiring treatment in the year preceding study inclusion was significantly associated with the number of days lost from school and/or work among patients aged ≥16 years. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that a higher total bleeding score, older age and presence of at least one comorbidity were significantly associated with occupational disability in patients aged ≥16 years.

Conclusion

Our study shows that social participation was lower in type 3 VWD and VWD patients with a more severe bleeding phenotype.
Multiplex proteomics as risk predictor of infection in patients treated with hemodialysis—A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Glerup Rie , Svensson My , Jakobsen Lasse H. , Fellstrøm Bengt , Jensen Jens D. , Christensen Jeppe H.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Severe infection is a major problem in hemodialysis patients. Multiplex proteomics might reveal novel insights into disease mechanisms increasing the risk of infection and might also be used as a risk prediction tool. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate associations between 92 proteins assessed by a proximity extension assay and the development of severe infection in patients on hemodialysis and (2) to develop a risk prediction model for severe infection using prespecified clinical variables and proteomics.

Methods

Prospective, observational multicenter cohort study with 5‐year follow‐up. Patients receiving in‐center hemodialysis in five facilities in Denmark were included. The primary composite endpoint was death caused by infection, bacteremia, and infections requiring hospitalization of at least 2 days or prolonging a hospital stay.

Findings

Of 331 patients included 210 patients reached the primary endpoint during follow‐up. In adjusted Cox regression analyses, 14 plasma proteins were associated with severe infection. Correcting for multiple testing revealed only cathepsin‐L1 and interleukin‐6 significantly associated with the primary outcome. Cathepsin‐L1—hazard ratio: 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–2.17) and interleukin‐6—hazard ratio: 1.16 (95% CI 1.05–1.29). Apparent C‐statistics of the risk prediction model using clinical variables was 0.605, addition of cathepsin‐L1 and interleukin‐6 to the model improved discrimination slightly: C = 0.625.

Discussion

Proteomic profiling identified cathepsin‐L1 and interleukin‐6 as markers for infectious risk in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are needed to replicate the results and to examine possible causality. The developed risk prediction models need considerable improvement before implementation in clinical practice is meaningful.
Do going concern disclosures in the management report and audit report signal bankruptcy risk? Evidence from privately held firms
Authors: Alexeyeva Irina , Sundgren Stefan
Published: December 2021

This article provides evidence of the relations between disclosures in the management report of conditions that could challenge the continuance of operations, auditors' going concern reporting and the likelihood of bankruptcy for privately held firms in an environment characterized by low litigation risk. We conduct a matched case–control study using data for 125 firms filing for liquidation bankruptcy and 125 non‐bankrupt firms. The results show that disclosures in the management report and auditors' going concern modifications are positively associated with the likelihood of bankruptcy and that their predictive ability is incremental to the control factors. Despite the lower litigation pressure facing private Swedish firms, the informational value of going concern disclosures is comparable with those in litigious environments.
Co‐Producing Security: Platform Content Moderation and European Security Integration
Authors: Bellanova Rocco , de Goede Marieke
Published: December 2021

The European Union (EU) seeks to play a leading role in steering the private work of online content moderation, as demonstrated by numerous policy and legislative initiatives in the domain. Two initiatives, in particular, are shaping terrorist content moderation: the creation of a EU Internet Referral Unit and the adoption of a Regulation on preventing the online dissemination of terrorist content (TERREG). This article analyses these initiatives and their practical effects. In particular, it unpacks the legal and technological mechanisms at the core of EU regulation in the realm of online terrorist content moderation, and how they co‐produce security decisions across public and private spheres. Based on interviews, fieldwork observations and document analysis, we show how processes of referral and removal, and processes of flagging and filtering are key to EU‐directed content moderation. In conclusion, we reflect on content moderation as a novel form of European security integration.
Fracture resistance of thin wall endodontically treated teeth without ferrules restored with various techniques
Authors: Iemsaengchairat Ravivan , Aksornmuang Juthatip
Published: December 2021

Objective

To evaluate the fracture resistance and failure characteristics of simulated thin wall endodontically treated teeth without ferrules restored with various techniques.

Materials and methods

Forty‐eight human mandibular single‐root canal premolars were decoronated and endodontically treated. The 1 mm thick remaining root canal dentin was prepared. The roots were randomly divided into four groups of 12 roots according to the following post and core reconstruction techniques: direct resin composite post and core (CP), multiple fiber posts and resin composite core (FP), CAD/CAM anatomical post and core (AP), and metal cast post and core (MP). Full metal crowns were cemented to the cores. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling for 5000 cycles and submitted to axial compression until failure at a 45°angle using a universal testing machine. The failures were classified into one of the followings: post and/or core fractures, root fractures, and root fractures combined with post and/or core fractures.

Results

Average failure loads of groups CP, FP, AP, and MP were 360.0, 655.2, 402.7, and 856.1 N, respectively. MP provided the highest failure load, which was significantly higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). FP was second, being inferior to MP with a significance level of p = 0.039. CP exhibited the least failure load, and it was not significantly different from the AP group (p > 0.05). Root fractures were the major failure mode for most of the specimens except the CP group, in which composite fractures at the cervical level were commonly observed.

Conclusion

Metal cast post and core provided the highest fracture resistance for reconstruction of a thin wall in endodontically treated teeth without ferrules, followed by multiple fiber posts and resin composite core. The milled anatomical post and core and a direct resin composite post and core provided significantly lower fracture resistance.

Clinical significance

Metal cast posts and core and multiple fiber posts with resin composite core techniques were effective for restoring severely compromised endodontically treated teeth.
Tax enforcement efforts and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Shihua , Ye Yan , Jebran Khalil
Published: December 2021

We propose that firms in regions with strong tax enforcement efforts have low stock price crash risk. Using a large sample of Chinese firms from 2003 to 2017, we find that tax enforcement efforts negatively affect future crash risk. This negative effect is stronger among state‐owned companies but weaker when information opacity is higher for firms. These results are robust to alternative measures, additional controls, and additional analyses. We also show that tax avoidance and accounting conservatism are two potential channels through which tax enforcement efforts affect crash risk. The findings contribute to the literature by elaborating that tax enforcement efforts not only alleviate tax‐avoiding activities but also can act as a governance mechanism in reducing crash risk in an emerging economy context.
Chromatin‐remodeling complexes: Conserved and plant‐specific subunits in Arabidopsis
Authors: Shang Ji‐Yun , He Xin‐Jian
Published: December 2021

Adenosine triphosphate‐dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are important for the regulation of transcription, DNA replication, and genome stability in eukaryotes. Although genetic studies have illustrated various biological functions of core and accessory subunits of chromatin‐remodeling complexes in plants, the identification and characterization of chromatin‐remodeling complexes in plants is lagging behind that in yeast and animals. Recent studies determined whether and how the Arabidopsis SWI/SNF, ISWI, INO80, SWR1, and CHD chromatin remodelers function in multi‐subunit complexes in Arabidopsis. Both conserved and plant‐specific subunits of chromatin‐remodeling complexes have been identified and characterized. These findings provide a basis for further studies of the molecular mechanisms by which the chromatin‐remodeling complexes function in plants.
Effect of green tea extract loaded chitosan microparticles on facial skin: A split‐face, double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Wisuitiprot Wudtichai , Ingkaninan Kornkanok , Jones Sirada , Waranuch Neti
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The bioactivities of green tea extract were indicated to promote skin health in vitro. Few clinical studies reported on skin nourishment of topical applying green tea extract due to the limited skin absorption.

Methods

This current study evaluated the clinical effectiveness and safety of green tea extract encapsulated chitosan microparticles (GTP) in emulsion base on a split‐face, double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled study. Twenty‐nine female volunteers were recruited into the study. They were randomly assigned to apply GTP and placebo creams on each half face for 8 weeks. The facial skin properties on both sides were monitored and evaluated every 2 weeks.

Results

The results revealed that skin elasticity (R2) of half face treated with GTP cream (0.748 ± 0.05) was superior to another that received placebo cream (0.722 ± 0.05) at 4th week. In addition, melanin index implying skin dullness of the half face that received GTP cream significantly improved within the 6th week after application (placebo =295.60 ± 58.81, GTP =282.70 ± 59.62). Most importantly, the photographs clearly indicated that the decreasing in facial wrinkles of volunteers applied with GTP cream was more than those applying placebo cream. Signs of skin irritation were not evident in both treatment and placebo cream groups.

Conclusion

Based on study outcomes, the green tea extract encapsulated chitosan microparticles appear to be the promising active candidate for promoting skin elasticity and improving skin dullness and wrinkles.