bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of KRT80 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public and published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding keratin 80, KRT80, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. KRT80 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of KRT80 in rectal tumors was correlated with overall survival in patients with rectal cancer with high mutational burden. KRT80 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Lymphoma: Cancer of Lymphatic System
Authors: Vishwanath Manish , khan asad
Published: March 2023

Lymphoma: Cancer of Lymphatic System
Leukemia: Cancer of Blood and Bone Marrow
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, the spongy tissue insidebones where blood cells are produced. It is characterized by the overproduction of abnormalwhite blood cells, which do not function properly and accumulate in the bone marrow andbloodstream. Leukemia can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in adults over 55years old. There are four main types of leukemia, which are classified based on the type of whiteblood cells affected and how quickly the disease progresses: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL):This is the most common type of leukemia in children,
Correction of the mechanism of gravitational wave generation
Authors: ShengQin
Published: March 2023

Correction of the mechanism of gravitational wave generation
The Climber-Tether Interface of the Space Elevator
Authors: Wright Dennis H. , Bartoszek Larry , Burke A.J. , Dotson David , Chab Hassan El , Knapman John , Lades Martin , Nixon Adrian , Phister Paul W. , Robinson Peter
Published: March 2023

The conditions at the interface between the space elevator tether and its climber determine the requirements of the tether material and the climber design. Graphene super-laminate was found to have sufficient tensile strength to support the tether and climber, but improvements of the tether manufacturing process are required in order to increase friction and shear strength. Based on these requirements, a 20 metric ton climber was designed, could carry a 9 ton payload and could be built in the near-future.
Differential expression of CDC25B in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public and published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding cell division cycle 25B, CDC25B, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. CDC25B mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. CDC25B expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Administration and Scoring Errors on The Woodcock Johnson IV Tests of Achievement:Before and During COVID-19
Authors: Lockwood Adam , Benson Nicholas Frank , Klatka Kelsey
Published: March 2023

Eighty Woodcock–Johnson IV Tests of Achievement protocols from 40 test administrators were examined to determine the types and frequencies of administration and scoring errors made. Non-critical errors (e.g., failure to record verbatim) were found on every protocol (M = 37.2). Critical (e.g., standard score, start point) errors were found on 98.8% of protocols (M = 15.3). Additionally, a series of paired samples t-test were conducted to determine differences in total, critical, and non-critical errors pre- and during-COVID-19. No statistic differences were found. Our findings add to a growing body of research that suggests that errors on norm-referenced tests of achievement are pervasive. However, the frequency of errors did not appear to be affected by COVID-19 stressors or social distancing requirements. Implications of these findings for training and practice are discussed. Suggestions for future research are also provided.
To have a bumper crop, one needs to thank those who cultivated the plants
Authors: Bullfrog Countryside
Published: March 2023

On the weekend, I, the Countryside Frog, with enough food and enjoying Spring weather, should show that I am currently happy.
Introduction to research: Mastering the basics
Authors: Abu Sayed Toyon Mohammad
Published: March 2023

This paper provides an in-depth introduction to research methods and discusses numerous aspects related to the research process. It begins with an overview of research—what it is, why it is important, what forms it might take, and what its fundamental components are—before shifting its attention to the design of research and the benefits and drawbacks of various approaches. In addition, the article details the purpose of and procedures for a literature review. Data collection, its varieties, technique selection, validity, and reliability are then addressed. Ethics in research and guidelines for research are also discussed, along with the various types of data analysis, and how results should be obtained. In addition, the paper covers topics such as reference and citation management. This paper takes a narrative approach to summarising the scholarly resources useful for introductory-level coursework in research method. Both research and writing are never-ending processes, with endless opportunities for improvement. However, the compilation of essential academic resources might help university students, researchers and research method instructors.
Should Children be Vaccinated Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: De Soto Joseph Angel
Published: March 2023

The risk of children under the age of 18 of dying from COVID is almost non-existent, while in the United States the vaccine has accounted for over 1000 deaths. The long terms effects of vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in children are completely unknown. At this time, the evidence does not support vaccinating children COVID unless they are immunocompromised, have severe heart, pulmonary disease or related disorders.
Differential expression of AHCY in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public and published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding adenosylhomocysteinase, AHCY, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. AHCY mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of AHCY in rectal tumors was correlated with overall survival in patients with rectal cancer whose tumors were enriched with natural killer (NK) cells. AHCY expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Influence of Social Media on Consumers' Online Purchasing Habits During: The COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan
Authors: Akram Muhammad Waseem
Published: March 2023

Currently, businesses located all over the world are adjusting to a new standard of operation. Customers are encouraged to make their purchases of necessities through the favored e-commerce platform of the organization. For the purpose of marketing web-based enterprises, websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest are utilized. The purpose of the study was to investigate how the COVID-19 epidemic altered the purchase patterns of Pakistani customers shopping online, with a particular emphasis on the role played by social media. The study utilized a quantitative research model and a descriptive research technique in its data collection and analysis. In order to obtain responses from 400 Pakistani clients, an online questionnaire employing the "purposive sampling" method was used. When looking at the data and putting the hypothesis to the test, PLS-SEM analysis was utilized. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, a PLS-SEM study indicated that advertising tools, online reviews, and endorsements from celebrities had a favorable and significant effect on how individuals bought products online. According to the findings of this study, online businesses can improve their use of social media for marketing and advertising by following a number of particular measures. Customers have a greater propensity to make purchases via social media platforms when they come across favorable evaluations and recommendations from celebrities.
Carcinoma: Cancer of Epithelial Tissue
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: March 2023

Sarcoma is a type of cancer that affects the connective tissues of the body, including bone,cartilage, muscle, fat, and blood vessels. It is a relatively rare type of cancer, accounting for lessthan 1% of all adult cancers, but it can be particularly aggressive and difficult to treat. In thisarticle, we will explore some of the basics of sarcoma, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis,and treatment. Causes of Sarcoma The exact causes of sarcoma are not fully understood, but it isbelieved to develop when certain cells in the connective tissues of the body begin to grow anddivide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of tumors. While there are some known riskfactors for sarcoma, such as exposure to radiation, certain genetic disorders, and previoustreatment with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, the majority of cases of sarcoma occur inpeople with no known risk factors. Symptoms of Sarcoma The symptoms of sarcoma can varydepending on the location and size of the tumor, but some common symptoms include: •A lumpor mass in the affected area •Pain or tenderness in the affected area • Limited range ofmotion or stiffness in nearby joints • Unexplained weight loss • Fatigue or weakness Becausethese symptoms can be indicative of other medical conditions as well, it is important to consultwith a doctor if you experience any persistent symptoms. Diagnosis of Sarcoma Diagnosingsarcoma typically involves a combination of imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans,and a biopsy, in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the affected area and examinedunder a microscope for the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment of Sarcoma The treatment ofsarcoma depends on several factors, including the location, size, and stage of the tumor, as wellas the patient's overall health and preferences. Common treatment options for sarcoma include:
Multikulturalisme Dan Pendidikan Multikulturalisme
Authors: RAKINAUNG OXINCE GLEDIS
Published: March 2023

Multikulturalisme adalah ideologi yang menghendaki adanya persatuan dari berbagai kelompok kebudayaan dengan hak dan status sosial politik yang sama dalam masyarakat modern.Multikultural sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan kesatuan berbagai etnis masyarakat yang berbeda dalam suatu negara. Multikulturalisme mengisyaratkan pengakuan terhadap realitas keragaman kultural yang mencakup keberagaman tradisional dan keberagaman bentuk-bentuk kehidupan atau subkultur.Bagian dari keberagaman tradisional adalah suku, ras, dan agama. Sedangkan, keberagaman bentuk-bentuk kehidupan adalah segala hal yang berkaitan dan bermunculan di tahap sejarah kehidupan masyarakat di luar keberagaman tradisional.Multikulturalisme menjadi pandangan dunia yang kemudian dapat diterjemahkan dalam berbagai kebijakan kebudayaan yang menekankan tentang penerimaan terhadap realitas keagamaan, pluralitas, kemajemukan yang terdapat dalam kehidupan masyarakat.Sehingga, dapat dikatakan, masyarakat multikultural adalah suatu masyarakat yang terdiri dari beberapa macam komunitas dan budaya dengan segala kelebihannya.
Una perspectiva novedosa del pensamiento en el pensamiento: una reseña de Mindsponge Theory
Authors: Nguyen Loan , Le Tam-Tri , Jin Ruining
Published: March 2023

El pensamiento es una herramienta que usamos con tanta naturalidad que casi siempre se da por sentada. Apenas la usamos para examinarnos a nosotros mismos, haciendo preguntas de "qué", "cómo" y "por qué" sobre la naturaleza y los mecanismos del pensamiento. Las preguntas de billones de dólares empiezan a surgir a nuestra mente: "¿De dónde viene la inteligencia?", "¿Qué es exactamente la conciencia?" o "¿Por qué hago preguntas?". Entonces, el libro Mindsponge Theory, Teoría de la Esponja Mental, invita a los lectores a explorar estas preguntas desconocidas y adentrarse en los reinos conceptuales más profundos de sus propias mentes para encontrar las respuestas. Si bien un cuchillo no puede cortarse a sí mismo, podemos ver la abundante evidencia de cómo interactúa con el mundo. Este libro, que invoca la curiosidad natural y presenta métodos científicos bien elaborados, alienta a los lectores a ser los exploradores del poder posiblemente más fundamental del ser humano: el pensamiento.
Context-level contact as a stronger predictor of inter-ethnic reconciliation than individual-level contact: Evidence from post-war countries
Authors: Cehajic-Clancy Sabina , Lindner Clemens , Gelfort Pascal , Elad Strenger Julia , Kessler Thomas
Published: March 2023

Is post-war reconciliation determined by individuals’ personal contact experiences with former adversaries, or by the amount of intergroup contact within the region in which they live? Using multilevel analyses among representative samples of youth from ethnic majorities and minorities in five post-war countries, we demonstrate that context-level intergroup contact is a stronger determinant of reconciliation than individual-level contact. This study serves as a proof of concept that forgiveness, trust, social distance and approach behaviors in post-war societies are primarily a function of amount of contact in one’s social context rather than one’s personal inter-ethnic interactions. Evidence from this research critically informs our understanding of the influence of social context, particularly the macroscale potential of intergroup contact, on post-war reconciliation, from both majority and minority perspectives, and provides important guidelines for policies and interventions fostering reconciliation.
Ask and You Shall Receive (a Graph Drawing): Testing ChatGPT’s Potential to Apply Graph Layout Algorithms
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Sara , Severi Giorgio , Schetinger Victor , Dunne Cody
Published: March 2023

Large language models (LLMs) have recently taken the world by storm. They can generate coherent text, hold meaningful conversations, and be taught concepts and basic sets of instructions—such as the steps of an algorithm. In this context, we are interested in exploring the application of LLMs to graph drawing algorithms by performing experiments on ChatGPT. These algorithms are used to improve the readability of graph visualizations. The probabilistic nature of LLMs presents challenges to implementing algorithms correctly, but we believe that LLMs’ ability to learn from vast amounts of data and apply complex operations may lead to interesting graph drawing results. For example, we could enable users with limited coding backgrounds to use simple natural language to create effective graph visualizations. Natural language specification would make data visualization more accessible and user-friendly for a wider range of users. Exploring LLMs’ capabilities for graph drawing can also help us better understand how to formulate complex algorithms for LLMs; a type of knowledge that could transfer to other areas of computer science. Overall, our goal is to shed light on the exciting possibilities of using LLMs for graph drawing while providing a balanced assessment of the challenges and opportunities they present.
Differential expression of BYSL in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public and published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding bystin-like, BYSL, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. BYSL mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of BYSL in rectal tumors was negatively correlated with overall survival in patients with rectal cancer in stage IV disease. BYSL expression changes may be important for or during progression of human CRC.
The Role of Uncertain Reward in Voluntary Task-switching as Revealed by Pupillometry and Gaze
Authors: Balcazar Juan , Orr Joseph M
Published: March 2023

Cognitive flexibility, the brain’s ability to adjust to changes in the environment, can be empirically examined via voluntary task-switching paradigms (VTS), for which greater proportion of switch trials (trials in which the participant switches to a qualitatively different task) indexes greater flexibility, whereas reduced switch rates index increased stability. Prior literature has shown an important correspondence for changing reward and flexibility: flexibility is highest when reward changes whereas flexibility is reduced when reward stays high relative to the previous trial. Recently, researchers have leveraged eye-tracking to investigate changes in pupil diameter associated with changing reward. The majority of these studies are under a deterministic reward schedule. Critically, few VTS studies have investigated pupil dilation in a probabilistic schedule, which is striking given the brain uses a probabilistic approach to resolve uncertainty in real-world scenarios. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of uncertain reward in a VTS paradigm. Participants were shown a cue shape under a deterministic reward schedule (Experiment 1) or a probabilistic reward schedule (Experiment 2), followed by a letter-number judgment task, and a feedback phase where participants were informed about correct or incorrect responses. We used pupil dilation as a neuropsychological correlate of arousal and accumulated fixations on a region (i.e. dwell time) to measure oculomotor capture. Results during the cue phase showed that pupil dilation under a deterministic schedule, but not probabilistic, tracked arousal from the magnitude of reward. Moreover, under deterministic cues, but not probabilistic, dwell time was increased for the eventual choice and dwell-time was reduced under high reward. Taken together, results show that the underlying mechanisms of pupil dilation and gaze, depend to some extent on cue certainty. Turning to feedback results, across both experiments, whereas pupil dilation was highest following Error feedback, average dwell time on Error feedback text was lowest, suggesting individuals are aroused following error-related feedback but look away, perhaps to protect their affective motivation or focus on the task. Overall results show that uncertain reward cues may alter pupil-linked arousal and attention as compared to certain reward, highlighting the role of uncertainty as an important modulator affecting attention and reward processing in environments that demand cognitive flexibility.
“I had forgotten what it was like to feel like you’re doing a good job”: A longitudinal thematic analysis of teachers’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Lisa E. , Bowling Abigail , Asbury Kathryn
Published: March 2023

Examining the changes in teachers’ experiences of their job resources, job demands and personal resources can reveal important insights into the profession. Accordingly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with an initial sample of 21 primary and secondary school teachers in England at three time points during COVID-19 (February 2021, July 2021 and July 2022). Four themes were identified in a longitudinal thematic analysis, namely: teachers’ perceptions of disconnection with and disrespect from the government; relationships are central to teacher wellbeing and work engagement; teachers’ preference for the physical school over the online/hybrid school; and reflections on teachers’ increased self-efficacy in using technology and increased resilience to change. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
Philosophical Aspects of a Resistance to Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Diederich Joachim
Published: March 2023

Technology in general has been criticised by many philosophers, intellectuals and movements. Some of the arguments are spiritual in nature, others are based on a romantic notion of the past or the risks of climate change. With the arrival of artificial intelligence, human cognition is challenged as the only known form of intellectual power. With the arrival of a superintelligent AI, human cognition will be surpassed. Artificial intelligence invites its use for almost any human activity. Intuitively or consciously, many people choose to live without modern technology or at least certain aspects of high tech. How does the introduction of advanced forms of artificial intelligence affect those who choose to live with it and those who choose to live without it?
Open Corpus Linguistics – or How to overcome common problems in dealing with corpus data by adopting open research practices
Authors: Hartmann Stefan
Published: March 2023

In recent years, many researchers have called attention to the fact that many research results cannot be replicated – a phenomenon that has been called replication crisis. The replication crisis in linguistics is highly relevant to corpus-based research: Many corpus studies are not directly replicable as the data on which they are based are not readily available. Especially in English linguistics, the full versions of many widely used corpora are still behind paywalls, which means that they are not accessible to parts of the global research community, and even when parts of the data are freely accessible, this presents problems for state-of-the-art methods of data analysis. In this paper, I discuss the challenges that have led to this situation, and I address some possible solutions. In particular, I argue for using smaller but openly available corpora whenever possible, and for adopting open research practices as far as possible even when using commercial corpora.
Covering Religion: Field Insurgency in U.S. religion reporting
Authors: Perreault Gregory P , Montalbano Kathryn
Published: March 2023

The present study analyzes the role of religion reporting with the journalistic field. Personnel cuts within newsrooms and the development of “religion reporters” operating from religious institutions necessitate a re-exploration of the changing field. At stake is the coverage of religion, a topic particularly pertinent to residents in the United States, nearly 77 percent of which identify as religious to some degree. Simultaneously, the majority of the United States tends to think journalists cover religion poorly. Through the lens of field theory, this study analyzes 20 interviews with U.S.-based religion reporters who work for both mainstream and religious publications.
Evaluation of the attention level in health care workers
Authors: Monroy-Rivera Mateo , Moreno-Botero Alejandro , Rojas-Acosta Gabriel , Badillo Francisco José Rojas , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco
Published: March 2023

Attention is one of the most significant cognitive abilities on a daily basis and even more so in health care workers due to the immediate responsibility they have over other people. On the other hand, healthcare workers have extended working hours and shift work, which can lead to cognitive fatigue due to work intensity and little time for restful sleep. Due to this problem, we decided to analyze four subjects who were the project's authors in their daily attention in 5 days using the PC-PVT software, which allowed us to evaluate awareness and speed of response to a visual stimulus. In addition, three variables were inserted, which at the beginning of the study were considered essential and could affect attention: the hours of sleep per day, the number of cups of coffee per day, and the minutes of physical activity per day. The four subjects kept their logbook with data on these four variables. At the end of the five days of measurement, the data were extracted from the software, and the mean, median, and standard deviation of the results were analyzed for each subject, concluding that the present study cannot establish relationships between variables. However, it provides the basis for generating protocols for future, more robust experiments that seek to evaluate the relationship between shift work that alters the circadian cycle and cognitive functions.
Meta-dominance analysis – A tool for the assessment of the quality of digital behavioural data
Authors: Schneck Andreas , Przepiorka Wojtek
Published: March 2023

We propose a simple yet comprehensive conceptual framework for the identification of different sources of error in research with digital behavioural data. We use our framework to map potential sources of error in 25 years of research on reputation effects in peer-to-peer online market platforms. Using a meta-dataset comprising 346 effect sizes extracted from 109 articles, we apply meta-dominance analysis to quantify the relative importance of different error components. Our results indicate that 85% of explained effect size heterogeneity can be attributed to the measurement process, which comprises the choice of platform, data collection mode, construct operationalisation and variable transformation. Error components attributable to the sampling process or publication bias capture relatively small parts of the explained effect size heterogeneity. This approach reveals at which stages of the research process researcher decisions may affect data quality most. This approach can be used to identify potential sources of error in established strands of research beyond the literature of behavioural data from online platforms.
Review of “Economic Theory in the Twentieth Century, An Intellectual History. Volume II, 1919–1945: Economic Theory in an Age of Crisis and Uncertainty” by Roberto Marchionatti
Authors: Becchio Giandomenica
Published: March 2023

Review of “Economic Theory in the Twentieth Century, An Intellectual History. Volume II, 1919–1945: Economic Theory in an Age of Crisis and Uncertainty” by Roberto Marchionatti
Review of “What Capitalism Needs. Forgotten Lessons of Great Economists” by John L. Campbell and John A. Hall
Authors: Innset Ola
Published: March 2023

Review of “What Capitalism Needs. Forgotten Lessons of Great Economists” by John L. Campbell and John A. Hall
HSF1: a main aim in treatment of cancers
Authors: Ayatollahi Jamshid , Khaleghinejad Seyed Hossein , Harirzadeh Ghazaleh , Lotfi Marzieh , Hamidfar Mahdie , Shahcheraghi Seyed Hossein , Dehghanniri Mohammad , Fazilati Azam , Bakh Samad Sadeghi
Published: March 2023

HSF1 is a main regulator factor associated with several proteins especially HSPs. It is also a factor with important role in tumor severity, and can be a biomarker in the diagnostic investigations. This Letter discusses about role of HSF1 as a therapeutic aim in cancer.
Determination of sarcosine in urine as a predictor of prostate cancer using Enzyme linked immunosorbent method
Authors: Januaris Mukaa M , Njoroge Wachuka Gathigia , Radol Antony Omondi , Waweru Jeremiah Gathirwa
Published: March 2023

Prostate cancer is a type of malignancy that is defined by abnormal development of cells in the prostate tissue. Prostate cancer needs early intervention since its incidence and prevalence is high across the world leading to high morbidity and mortality. Prostatic specific antigen test which is the commonly used screening test in Kenya and across the world is nonspecific, expensive and inaccessible to many people in rural setting who are in need. The definitive histological test is invasive and requires specialized facilities and personnel. This study sought to investigate sarcosine in urine as a predictor of prostate cancer to supplement prostatic specific antigen test in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Cross sectional study design was employed in this study for all suspected prostate cancer identified according to clinical assessment during the study period. Midstream urine samples of about 30mls was collected in plastic tubes, centrifuged and supernatant collected and analyzed using ELISA method for sarcosine. Raw data obtained was tabulated in excel and transferred to statistical package for social science. Differences in means and standard deviation from various age groups was analyzed using one-way Anova and Independent t test. The Bonferroni was used as post Hoc to test the means that were significant from others. Significance level was set at 95%. The concentration of sarcosine (4.30±0.11nmol/ml) in prostate cancer participants was significantly higher than the concentration (0.47±0.06nmol/ml) of control participants using ELISA (p<0.001;). Hence Sarcosine in urine needs to be analyzed for the testing of prostate tumor since it is raised in confirmed prostate carcinoma participants as compared to negative control units. The age groups of the prostate tumor participants had no significant variation in sarcosine concentration using ELISA method (p=0.57). Similarly, the age groups of the control individuals were not significantly different in sarcosine concentration (p=0.17). Future studies need to dwell in incorporating sarcosine metabolite in urine.
Comment
Authors: Lempert David
Published: March 2023

This is a professional comment, and represents the views of the author.
Experiences and Demands about Supervision Practices of Teachers and School Administrators
Authors: ÖZCAN Elif Gamze
Published: March 2023

Carried out by education inspectors and administrative superiors in Türkiye, school supervisions are done in line with national guidelines. How supervision processes are conducted in schools is necessary to be specified so as to ensure continuity and evaluation of improvement in education and training processes. Both teacher supervision and administrative supervision of school administrators were examined in this study. Designed as a descriptive survey, a questionnaire was created and multiple-choice questions were used to collect data for the present study. Teachers and school administrators working in secondary and high schools at Urla district of Izmir, Türkiye in the 2019/20 academic year were investigated in this study under the headings of the purpose of supervision; results of supervision; frequency of supervision; data sources used for supervision; the teachers and school administrators’ perceptions of the current supervision processes; their views on what kind of supervision was to be demanded; along with the comparisons made on the existing situation of supervision practices and demands concerning such practices. The results indicated that teacher supervision aimed to identify teachers’ weaknesses and strengths; resulted in making verbal reminding and guidance; had no routine, and was carried out in the form of a document review. Some other results regarding the supervision of school administrations pointed to either administrative sanctions or improvement through guidance, as well as to the fact that supervision practices are to be carried out every few years, taking place in the form of a document review. Some of the demands identified through this study are that the supervision of both groups should be carried out to identify both weaknesses and strengths, to result in improvement through guidance, to be continued throughout the education and training processes, to be practiced in such a way as to monitor the process and detect satisfactions of those who benefit from the service.
Deficiencies and Needs for the Application of Inquiry-Based Learning in Physics Classes
Authors: BÜYÜKBAYRAKTAR Fatma Nur
Published: March 2023

This study is a qualitative case study conducted to examine the deficiencies and needs for the implementation of the investigative inquiry program in physics classes. The study was carried out at Science High School (SHS), Anatolian High School (AHS), and Technical Vocational High School within the scope of purposeful sampling determined according to school type. In the study, observations were made in physics classes. Interviews were conducted with the teachers of the observed classes. The obtained data were subjected to descriptive analysis. Observation and interview data were interpreted together. It was observed that the teachers had classroom discussions over the daily life examples and models in the lesson. It can be said that teachers try to create an inquiry-based teaching environment in this way. It can be said that teachers are willing to teach based on inquiry, but they see some situations as obstacles in practice. Some suggestions are presented in the context of the research results. It is thought that the results of this study and the suggestions made will help teachers and administrators plan and set up activities for in-service training.
A Study on Absenteeism of University Students
Authors: ŞAHİN Münir
Published: March 2023

Attendance is thought to be an important issue for academic success in schools. With the long school closure due to Covid-19, students were kept away from schools and when the schools were opened and face to face education began, the absenteeism rate increased a lot. A phenological study to determine the reasons for absenteeism of university students was conducted with the participation of 56 students from different faculties of a university at the Black Sea Region of Turkey during the spring term of 2022. According to the findings obtained from the study, the most important reason for absenteeism was health problems. Secondly, waking up early was another striking reason for absenteeism. Stress and depression, early class hours, family and transportation problems, academic staff were stated as important reasons for absenteeism. The long course hours, the lack of sufficient activities in the school environment, not finding the lessons meaningful and informative also found to be affective in the attendance rate of students. It was also found out that university environment and instructors were also responsible from students’ absenteeism. Therefore, the courses should not be planned in the early hours and the course instructors should be able to take students’ attention to the courses. Moreover, the campuses should increase social, cultural and sportive activities. To attract the attention of students to school with extracurricular activities; social, cultural and sportive activities should be planned. University campus should turn into a life center where students would like to be.
Experiences of Pre-Service Science Teachers in “Teaching Practice” During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: AYVACI Hakan Şevki , BEBEK Gürhan , YAMAÇLI Selenay
Published: March 2023

The study was carried out the case study method under the category of descriptive research approaches. A purposeful sampling method was used in the study because it allows in-depth research by selecting rich situations. Semi-structured interviews and semi-structured observation forms were used as data collection tools. Interviews are preferred in the research process because they provide the opportunity to analyze the situation in depth with flexible questions as well as questions directed to discover the richness of the schemas in the brain of individuals. Observations have been preferred because they allow the examination of human behavior in natural environments. In this research, the content analysis method was used in which the existence of codes in the qualitative data obtained during the analysis process was determined, themes were formed by combining these codes, and inferences were made. The analysis of the research findings, it was determined that the majority of pre-service science teachers associated the concept of distance education with the 'problem'. When it is explained that the pre-service science teachers will conduct the 'teaching practice' course with distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic process, their emotional state, anxiety, fear, curiosity, and sadness. As a result of the research, "Various projects can be developed to improve the existing infrastructure and provide more infrastructure support to prospective science teachers and schools, especially science teachers, within the framework of distance education and educational technologies. In this way, universities, schools, teachers, students, and parents are a stakeholder in educational technologies.
A Scale Development Study Determining the Attitudes of Secondary School Students towards Distance Education of Mathematics
Authors: ADALAR Fatma , OFLAZ Gülçin
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the study is to develop a scale that determines the attitudes of secondary school students towards distance mathematics education, and to examine the attitudes of the students by certain variables. The study included 271 secondary school students studying in Sivas province during the 2020-2021 academic year. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed on the data obtained from the scale to examine the psychometric structure of the scale. A t-test and an analysis of variance were performed to determine the differences among secondary school students' attitudes towards distance education in mathematics by gender, school type, and grade level. It was found that the attitudes of secondary school students towards receiving distance mathematics education were negative. Gender does not constitute a significant difference in the attitude scores of secondary school students towards receiving distance mathematics education. In terms of the type of school in which students studied, a significant difference was found in favor of public schools in secondary school students' attitude scores towards distance mathematics education. In terms of grade levels, a statistically significant difference was found in favor of the 5th, 6th, and 7th grades regarding their attitudes towards distance mathematics education, among 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grade students.
‘Reading Anxiety in Turkish Language’: A Systematic Review Research
Authors: ALKAN Vesile , ÖZKAN Erdost
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to review the research which focused on ‘Reading Anxiety’ in Turkish language systematically. According to the questions derived from the aim, 16 papers were re-examined based on the rules of systematic review method. These papers were analysed in terms of their aims, designs, sampling and results. In addition to this, similarities and differences of the reviewed papers were discovered. It was seen that these studies were conducted with primary and middle school students. It was also found that the methodology of these reviewed studies was designed with quantitative approaches. The results of the review indicates that reading anxiety is related with reading comprehension, reading habit, reading fluency and reading motivation. Such factors as gender, parents’ income, having books and place of residence have relation with reading anxiety. The results gathered from reviewed papers suggest that studies designed with qualitative and mixed-method are needed. Additionally, focusing on various topics related with ‘reading anxiety’ with different participant groups are needed. In conclusion, it is believed that this systematic review study can provide fruitful information for the area and new perspectives for the further studies.
İç Hastalıkları Polikliniğine Başvuran Geriatrik Diyabetik Hastalarda Anemi Sıklığı ve Morfolojik Olarak Dağılımı
Authors: KULOĞLU Ersin , İŞSEVER Kubilay
Published: March 2023

Amaç: Hastanemiz iç hastalıkları polikliniklerine başvuran 65 yaş ve üzerindeki tip 2 diyabetes mellitusun eşlik ettiği hastalarda anemi sıklığını saptamayı ve aneminin morfolojik olarak dağılımını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.

Yöntem ve gereçler: Dereli İlçe Devlet Hastanesi iç hastalıkları polikliniğine 01.01.2021– 01.01.2022 tarihleri arasında başvuran 65 yaş ve üzerindeki tip 2 dm’nin eşlik ettiği hastalar, retrospektif olarak incelenerek çalışmaya alındı. Hastaların hemogram ve biyokimya tetkikleri değerlendirildi. Hastaların anemi sıklığı ile yaş, cinsiyet, kronik renal yetmezlik ilişkileri değerlendirildi. Veriler SPSS programına kaydedilip, istatistiksel analizler yapıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmamızda anemi sıklığı %24,4 olarak saptandı. Anemisi olan hastalar MCV değerlerine göre %26’ sı (26) mikrositer, %72’ si (72) normositer, %2’ si (2) makrositer anemi olarak sınıflandırıldı. Çalışmamızda kadınlarda, erkeklere göre anemi sıklığı açısından istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık tespit edildi (p=0,016). Artan yaş grupları ile anemi sıklığı arasında istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık gözlenmedi (p=0,088). Geriatrik diyabetik hastalarda kronik renal yetmezlik ile anemi arasında istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık tespit edildi (p=0,008).

Sonuç: Çalışmamızdaki hastalarda anemi sıklığı literatürle uyumlu olarak %24,4 olarak saptandı. Geriatrik diyabetik hasta popülasyonu gittikçe artmaktadır. Ülkemizde geriatrik gruptaki diyabetik hastalarda anemi ile ilgili çalışmalar kısıtlı olup, çok merkezli prospektif çalışmalara gereksinim duyulmaktadır.
Bladder exstrophy closure using anterior pelvic osteotomy of superior pubic rami
Authors: Hassan Moaied A.
Published: March 2023

Background: Bladder exstrophy is a rare and complex urogenital malformation. The current surgical approach consists of early closure followed by other procedures later on aiming for continence. Primary closure usually requires some form of osteotomy to facilitate successful bladder and abdominal wall repair. For decades, bilateral posterior iliac osteotomy has been the most commonly used technique. A new osteotomy technique, consisting of anterior pelvic ostecotomy of the superior pubic ramus, seems to be a safe and quick alternative method to obtain tension-free approximation of the symphysis pubisPatients and methods: A prospective study between 2006 and 2013, were 10 (9 males and 1 female) newborns underwent surgery for bladder exstrophy closure in the pediatric surgery department, using anterior pelvic osteotomy of superior pubic rami to achieve tension-free approximation of the symphysis pubis and successful repair.Results: Successful closure was achieved in 90% of the patients operated upon. Only 1 patient had wound dehiscence and failure of the repair. The procedure was safe, quick with minimal blood loss and was performed by the pediatric surgeon without the need to an orthopedic surgeon.Conclusion: Anterior pelvic osteotomy of superior pubic rami in an effective alternative measure to obtain tension-free approximation of the symphysis pubis, and hence successful bladder exstrophy repair. It provides further advantages namely, ease and rapidity, minimal blood loss, and no requirement for an extra skin incision or patient’s repositioning.
Treatment of perniosis with oral tadalafil, pentoxifylline or prednisolone A therapeutic comparative study
Authors: Sharquie Khalifa E. , Salman Husam Ali , Noaimi Adil A.
Published: March 2023

Background: perniosis is a common dermatological problem. Different modalities of treatment are available with conflicting results and no single effective therapy is universally accepted.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of oral tadalafil and compare it with pentoxyfylline or prednisolone in treatment of perniosisPatients and methods: This was a therapeutic comparative trial conducted in the department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching hospital, Baghdad, Iraq between November 2011 and March 2014.Fifty eight patients with perniosis were enrolled in this study, and divided into 3 groups. Group (A) comprised 19 patients who received oral tadalafil (5 mg once daily); group (B) comprised 18 patients who received pentoxifylline tablet (400 mg three times daily) and group (C) included 21 patients who received prednisolone 15 mg twice daily. The treatment duration was 2 weeks. All patients did not receive any treatment before the study. A severity score was proposed taken in consideration the number of finger/ toes, type of lesion, coldness, cyanosis and itchingResults: Forty seven patients completed the study. Their ages ranged from 13-43 with a mean ± SD of 22.38 ±6.99 years. Thirty three patients were females (70.21%) and 14 were males (29.79%).The percentage of improvement was 50.65, 44.16 and 31.51% for the groups A, B and C respectively.Conclusion: Tadalafil has a superior effect over pentoxyfylline. The latter has a better effect than prednisolone.
Bullying victimization among school- going adolescents in Iraq
Authors: Yahya Hyder M. , Hashim Mushtaq T. , Al-Kaseer Eman A. , Al-Diwan Jawad K.
Published: March 2023

Background: Bullying victimization is a major public health problem. Interest in bullying in Arab world is a recent phenomenon. Publication on victimization in Iraq is scares. Therefore this study was conducted to report bullying among students of Iraqi schools.Methods: A total of 302 students from Baghdad was selected by a cluster random sample to include in this study. An Arabic version of standardized questionnaire was obtained from the International (ISPCAN). Identification of bullying (bullies, victims and sexual victims) was done by using a cutoff for the scoring of bullying manifestation in the questionnaire depending on three repeated action at least to consider as bullies. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant for meeting the criteria of bullying.Results: Out of the total 39.1% were bullied pupils (victims) there was a significant association between bullying and victim with sex (P=0.001). Bullying and victimization was significantly associated with smoking, drug abuse, and failure in school (P=0.001 for each).Conclusion: High prevalence of victimization (bully, victims and sexual victim was revealed among students in schools as a predictor for smoking and drug abuse.
Prevalence of BRCA1 Oncogen Expression in Breast Cancer Specimens of Patients with Positive Family History
Authors: Al- Dabbagh Wijdan. H. , Al- Alwan Nada. A.S. , Al-Aubaidy Salim R.
Published: March 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the leading female cancer worldwide and in Iraq .Some mutations, particularly in BRCA1, significantly increase the risk of the disease.Objectives: To demonstrate the frequency of BRCA1 in a group of high risk women with “positive family history’’ of breast cancer; correlating the immune expression of BRCA1 with some parameters of known prognostic significance.Patients and Methods: Eighty-two female patients diagnosed with breast cancer (50 familial and 32 non familial) were included in the study .The mean age of the patients was 48.07. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the BRCA1 oncogene expression, Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Her 2 neu contents of the tumors.Results: Out of the study group, 60.9% revealed family history of breast cancer. Forty-eight percent of the patients with positive family history were in the age group of 45 years or below; of those, 42.9% gave family history of cancer in their first degree relative while 25.7% had second degree relatives. BRCA1 positive expression was demonstrated in 39.02% out of all patients with breast carcinoma. In patients with positive family history for breast carcinoma, BRCA1 positive expression was demonstrated in 54% while in patients with negative family history it was 15.6%. Among patients with positive BRCA1 expression 71.9% of those had negative ER expression and 57.9% exhibited negative PR expression.Conclusions: BRCA1 gene expression determination in patients with positive family history should be promoted and validated to serve as indicators for early diagnosis of the disease.