bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Small Scale Water Energy Systems and Distribution Model for Micro-Urban Development in Slovak Republic and Taiwan R.O.C.
Authors: Tkáč Štefan , Vranayová Zuzana
Published: August 2013

Currently Taiwan and Slovakia import over 90% of energy consumables annually. High energy import rates make both countries viably engaged in research on renewable resources, also green planning policy has been proposed. Population is concentrated in the major cities which are facing energy deficiency issues. The unregulated development of micro-urban areas is underestimated in both cases so are the energy issues bound with them. Centralized energy sources require long distance wires to support remote areas. The proposed urban idea consists of energy resource decentralization by detailed focus on micro-urban development through the combination of accurate hydro distribution system for direct energy production in a place of consumption as a part of the autarchic micro-urban grids arranged in efficiency electric power grid circles calculated by loses in wiring. This urban energy model binds micro-urban structures in one solid network and at the same time creates local smart energy communities built up on each individual dwelling unit that can produce energy for itself from renewable resources locally available and support the local micro-urban public grid or even support nearest city public grid. Hydro energy is so far the most common, stable and efficient renewable resource in use. Water turbines efficiency has gone up to 96%. Proposed new multi-purpose small hydro type is one of the preliminary small scale systems that could be precisely tailored to micro-urban demands. It could stand by for direct use if needed and also use various types of working mediums (e.g. compressed gas, steam, water).
Numerical Study on Film Cooling Effectiveness from Converging Slot-Hole
Authors: Dai Ping , Yu Nai Yun
Published: August 2013

Film cooling effectiveness downstream and spanwise distribution of one row of converging slot-holes at the blade were investigated using a three-dimensional finite volume method and multi-block technique at the blowing ratio ranging from 0.5 to 2.0. Previous successful application of a two-layer turbulence model to cylindrical is extended to predict film cooling for the converging slot-hole geometry. Also, the influence of jet angle on film cooling effectiveness from converging slot-holes at the blade was studied. The results showed that the centerline effectiveness of converging slot-hole was going to be increased along with blowing ratio increasing. It was also shown that the uniform lateral spreading of the effectiveness with an enhancement of the intersection of the two slot-holes. It was found that cooling effectiveness for 25° was superior to other jet angle for any blowing ratios. Furthermore, the improvement realized by the small jet angle compared to the other jet angle holes was more important at the higher blowing ratio than it was at the lower one. Cooling effectiveness of 45° and 60° holes was declining along downstream of the holes, but it was improving over again at somewhere from downstream and then it was continuing decline. Cooling effectiveness of 60° holes presented a marked improvement compared to 45° holes at beyond downstream of the holes. Counter rotating vortex pairs at the exit of big jet angle holes were obvious and strong, but these vortexes have been weakened at the exit of small jet angle holes and results in a better coolant protection than that of the big jet angle holes.
Analysis on Magnetoelectric Effect of Terfenol-D/PMNT/Terfenol-D Laminate Magnetoelectric Composite Material
Authors: Yang Hong , Chen Wei , Xia Yang , Xiang Gao Lin
Published: August 2013

In this paper, based on the constitutive equations of piezoelectric effect and piezomagnetic effect, a 1-3 model of laminate magnetoelectricity composite materials is established. By combining material mechanical kinematic equations and circuit state equations, magnetical-mechanical-electrical equivalent circuit of laminate magnetoelectric composite materials is raised and magneto-electricity switch effect is analyzed. Upon these, a new kind of laminate magnetoelectricity composite material, Terfenol-D/PMNT/Terfenol-D, is put forward. Taking 1-3 model as an example, with the help of MATLAB, we simulate and calculate the magnetoelectric response of this new material. Through calculation, a conclusion is drawn that this new materials magnetoelectricity switch coefficient is higher than that of Terfenol-D/PZT/Terfenol-D. This theoretical basis will put this new material in a good position in magnetoelectric materials preparation.
Effects of EVA on the Weathering Resistance Performance of Wood Plastic Composite
Authors: Li Dong Fang , Xing Fang Ru , Li Li , Li Jian Zhang
Published: August 2013

Wood plastic composite (WPC) in this study was made from high density polyethylene (DHPE) or low density polyethylene (LDPE) with different species wood flour using extrusion. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) was used to improve the weathering resistance performance of WPC. Degradation test and ageing test were employed to study the weathering stability of WPC modified by EVA. The results show that EVA can improve the ageing resistant performance of WPC and have no significant effect on the degradation resistant performance of WPC. It suggests that EVA can be used to improve the weathering resistance performance of WPC.
Influence of Heat Treatment Process on Tensile Fracture Behavior of Cu-Based Metallic Glass
Authors: Zhang Ling , Luo De Chun , Yi Xiang Bin
Published: August 2013

The Cu50Zr42Al8dumbbell-shaped alloy with original scale distance of 25 mm and diameters of 4.5 mm was prepared by the suspend melting-copper mould suction casting. The structure tensile performance testing and the fracture morphology observation of Cu50Zr42Al8BMG as-quenched and 400k/1h isothermal annealing were investigated, respectively. The deformation and fracture behavior of samples had been studied. The results showed that the structure of all samples were composed of amorphous phase and possess good glass formation abilitysample as-quenched is always in the elastic deformation stage during elongation and the tensile strength is 629MPa; however ,for specimen after 400k/1h isothermal annealing ,the yield phenomenon occurs before breaking and the maximum tensile strength is 755Mpa, and the same time, the maximum failure extensibility increases from 0.56% for sample as-quenched to 0.80% for 400k/1h isothermal annealing. The fracture pattern of test sample at annealing assumes venation pattern, which is similar to fractography of Cu50Zr42Al8BMG as-quenched, in addition, which appeared apparent viscous flow behavior and melting characteristics.
High Velocity Impact Deformation of a Laser Welded Sandwich Panels
Authors: Sun Yu Ping , Du Zhi En , Li Hui , Li Jin Mei
Published: August 2013

Underwater impact and explosion are the main methods that destroy the warships, it cause attention of countries with marine power. The all metal laser welded sandwich panels has the higher stiffness and better mechanical behavior, and be used to protect for warships against impact. This paper analyzed the displacement of sandwich panel on light impact object with different impact velocity , which show that: (1) The top plate penetrate at the impact velocity of 185m/s, then the bottom plate is penetrate when the impact velocity approaches to 275m/s. (2) The displacement of top plate is confined to the scope of 60mm along x-axis and 40mm along Y-axis from the impacting point at a high impact velocity, the failure mode of sandwich panel is serious partial destruction and obvious shear failure.
Preparation and Dyeing of Ethylated Wood Plastic Composites
Authors: Tang Jing Fang , Zhao Ying , Tan Xiao Yan , Wan Xiao Qiao , Dai Yu
Published: August 2013

In this study, ethylated wood powder/polystyrene plastic composite (WPC) was obtained by combining ethylated Chinese Fir powder with polystyrene foam in DMF or CHCl3, and was dyed with disperse dyes. The results show that the compatibility of ethylated fir powder with polystyrene was good when the ratio of wood to plastic ratio is beyond 3:1. The color shade of dyed wood-plastic powder is close to that of dyed polyester fabric and high temperature is favorable for the dyeing of wood-plastic powder. Moreover, dyed wood plastic powder has good washing fastness, which depends on the molecular structure of disperse dyes, dye concentration and dyeing temperature.
Effect of Nano Materials on Durability of High Performance Concrete
Authors: An Yu Xi
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study was to study the effect of nanoSiO2 on durability of high performance concrete. Four different nanoSiO2 contents (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) were used. The results indicate that the content of nanoSiO2 has great effect on the durability of high performance concrete. With the increase of nanoSiO2 content, both of the length of water permeability and the carbonation depth of concrete are decreasing gradually, and the water impermeability and the carbonation resistance of concrete are increasing gradually. However, with the increase of nanoSiO2 content, there is a tendency of increase on the dry shrinkage strain of 90 days of high performance concrete, and the anti-dry-shrinkage cracking property of concrete is decreasing.
The Tank Bottom Oily Sludge Characteristics Studying and Treating Processing Researching
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Hui Ling
Published: August 2013

The sediments in all kinds of containers in oily field ground processing system were called tank bottom oily sludge. In this paper, the characteristics of sludge were studied. The colloid and asphaltene can increase strength of the oily-water emulsion film which can lead to seriously oily emulsion. In view of this, the process of conditioning-ultrasonic demulsification-centrifugal separation treating tank bottom oily sludge was designed by studying the sludges physical and chemical characteristics. The process parameters were selected. The conditioning were that the dose of detergent was 600 ~ 800 mg/L; The ultrasound processing was that the temperature was 60°C, the ultrasound power was 12Kw and the running time was 25min; The centrifugal separation was that the temperature was 60°C, the dosing flocculant was 600mg/L and centrifuge rotating was 2200r/min. The oily containing in the sludge of centrifugal exports was less than 2% by using this process at the optimal parameters.
Study on Aerosol Optics Thickness Retrieval over Chuxiong Prefecture from MODIS Image
Authors: Xi Wu Jun , He Ping , Yang Wang Zhou
Published: August 2013

The paper used 6S radiative transfer model to study aerosol optics thickness retrieval in Chuxiong prefecture with MODIS image on January 12th, 2008, the results showed that: the mean, the minimum, the maximum and standard deviation aerosol optics thickness were 0.115644, 0.075, 0.337 and 0.099680 in Chuxiong prefecture. Aerosol optics thickness of the east and south was higher, that of the north and central are low, especially west. Lufeng county, Shuangbai county and Wuding county were in the top three of the maximum aerosol optics thickness. Lufeng county, Shuangbai county and Yongren county were in the top three of mean aerosol optics thickness, Lufeng county, Shuangbai county and Yuanmou county were in the top three of aerosol optics thickness standard deviation.
Cerium-Doped Microporous-Mesoporous Silica Composite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Ammonia Adsorption
Authors: Zi Guo Li , Yu Fei , Yuan Fa Gui , He Jiao , Wang Ming Feng , Shi Yang Mei , Duan De Liang , Yan Zhi Ying , Li Bin , Wang Jia Qiang
Published: August 2013

Cerium-doped microporous-mesoporous composite material (Ce-M-M) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Ce-M-M was characterized by N2adsorption-desorption and FT-IR. The results showed that the Ce-M-M has composite pore structure combining both micropores and mesopores, and the pore sizes are mainly located at 1.7 nm, 2.3nm and 2.7nm. The specific surface area of the Ce-M-M was 1288 m2g-1with a pore volume of 0.66 cc/g. In addition, NH3, a harmful component in cigarette mainstream smoke could be effectively reduced 66.9% by using Ce-M-M as an adsorbent.
Numerical Research of Shear Strain in an Extreme Case of Asymmetric Rolling
Authors: Sverdlik Mikhail , Pesin Alexander , Pustovoytov D.O. , Perekhozhikh Alexander
Published: August 2013

Considerable shear strain is necessary for manufacture of metallic materials with ultramicrograin structure. For flat rolling shear strain intensity is determined by two components: compression strain and shear strain . The vertical asymmetric sheet rolling process in rolling-drawing mode was investigated with the purpose of shear strain implementation. Calculation results show that during asymmetric rolling mode a vertical cross-section inclination takes place being especially pronounced with the total amount of deformation of 50% and more.
Study on Large Inclined Angle Integrated Caving Hydraulic Support Stability Control
Authors: Yue Yong Qiang , Sun Chun Xia , Liu Peng Fei , Meng Xiang Hui
Published: August 2013

Analyzed the main factors of affecting hydraulic support stability, this paper analyses anti-topple and antiskid technology to apply to inclined angle 15~33°and compatible supports ZF4200/16/26. Through the practical application in shanjia mine, it can meet large inclined angle mine demands. The follows were studied that can influence the stability of support in large inclined angle coal seam. Every roof situation in the direction of large inclined angle suffering different stress lead to different caving property, and the roof motivation can affect other supports strained condition and stability. Caving mechanism behind the caving coal support suffer downward force, and the force is put on caving shield and tail beam, so it makes supports generate angle of bank. The support would lose its stability with working face processing and supports advancing for descending support and losing point of support.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Austempered High Boron Cast Iron with Modification and its Mechanism Discussion
Authors: Hu Xiao , Chen Xiang , Li Yan Xiang
Published: August 2013

A kind of austempered boron alloyed high silicon cast alloy was developed though modification with Ti and controlling austempering temperature, the impact toughness of which increases to 20.7 J/cm2, which is more than triple that of the previous work. The alloy with modification exhibits obvious grain refining both in matrix and boride, improved the morphology of boride into discontinuous network and small particles. The phenomenon and mechanism are discussed in the article, it proved TiC is possible to act as the nuclei of eutectic boride and Ti can be an effective modifier.
The Influence of Aging on the Flexural and Physical Performance of Restructured Bamboo Lumber
Authors: Zeng Dan , Chang Xin Man , Guan Ming Jie
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the restructured bamboo lumber was aged under three kinds of standards (ASTM D1037, BS EN 1087-1, WCAMA) to evaluate its weathering performance. The flexural properties, water absorption and thickness swelling of specimens were tested. The results showed that the retention rates of flexural properties were all more than 70% after three aging treatment. Simultaneously, the growth multiple of 24h water absorption was between 1.05 and 2.54, while those of 24h thickness swelling ranged from 0.06 to 0.38. It was suggested that restructured bamboo lumber could be utilized as outdoor structure material.
A New PDM Power Control Technology for the Resonant Inverter
Authors: Lu Zhi Bin , Peng Yong Long , Li Ya Bin
Published: August 2013

Pulse density modulation (PDM) can be used to regulate the output power of the resonant converter. However, in some case of low Q value, the output current is discontinuous and unstable in light load condition which is regulated by PDM. In order to solve this problem, a new Hybrid Pulse Density Modulation method is proposed. The principle of the Hybrid Pulse Density Modulation technique and the control method are analyzed in detail. Through experiments, it is proven that this method not only has the advantages of symmetrical control pulse distribution, smooth and continuous output current, simple control. It also achieves modular design, we can adjust the levels of the inverters output power flexibly through change the number of the basic control module.
Lightweight Design for a New Tracked Triangular Wheel Structure
Authors: Xing Jun Wen , Pu Hong Wu , Meng Xiang Zheng , Bao Li Qun
Published: August 2013

A new tracked triangular wheel structure was introduced. A whole tracked triangular wheeled vehicle model was built in multi-body dynamics simulation software RecurDyn, and its climbing obstacle performance on the dry soil road was simulated. The author put the simulation results as loading conditions of finite element model. Finite element calculation and lightweight design for tracked triangular wheel base frame were completed. The results showed that the weight of the base frame reduced by 69.8%, the structure properties of the base frame improved, and the lightweight design goal was achieved.
Control of Wall Turbulence by Spinning Discs
Authors: Ricco Pierre , Hahn Stanislav
Published: August 2013

This article is an extension to a previous paper of ours. It summarizes the main findingsand complements flow visualisations. An active technique for friction drag reduction in a turbulentchannel flow is studied by direct numerical simulations. The flow is modified by the steady rotationof rigid flush-mounted discs, located next to one another on the walls. The effect of the disc motionon the friction drag is investigated at a Reynolds number of Rτ =180, based on the friction velocity ofthe stationary-wall case and the half channel height. We compute a maximum drag reduction of 23%and a maximum net power saved of 10%, calculated by taking into account the power needed to rotatethe discs. The new Reynolds stress term induced by the disc rotation and generated by the velocitycomponents of the time averaged flow is shown to be instrumental for drag reduction.
Activity of Ciprofloxacin and Tobramycin-Loaded Natural Peptide Dressing on Biofilms and Planktonic Cells
Authors: Phoudee Wimol , Wattanakaroon Wanida
Published: August 2013

Application of dressing material is generally aimed to maintain a moist environment at the wound interface, allow gaseous exchange, prevent the wound directly contact to microorganisms and remove excess exudates. The wound dressing synthesized from biocompatible materials are of interest due to the desired properties such as non-toxic, non-allergenic, non-adherent, and easily removed without trauma. The objective of this research is to synthesize a multifunctional peptide dressing which could provide an antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa planktonic bacteria and biofilms and help tissue regeneration. Sample suspensions of the 6% (w/v) BSA and 8% (w/v) peptide extract heated for 30 minutes were used for hydrogel dressing preparation. For gel pad casting, 8% (w/v) BSA also heated to 100 °C for 20 minutes followed by rapid cooling in cold water. To crosslink their structure, 0.25% (w/v) NaCl solution was added. The suspensions were later cooled down at 4 °C for 2 hours. Both hydrogel dressings contained either 10 μg/ml of ciprofloxacin or 10 μg/ml of tobramycin and 10 μM of astaxanthin. The antimicrobial test indicated that the BSA hydrogel had the activity against planktonic cells with the log reduction value of 6.19 ± 0.12 for ciprofloxacin and 6.50 ± 0.51 for tobramycin. The peptide hydrogel containing ciprofloxacin and tobramycin resulted in 7.68 ± 0.33 and 6.13 ± 0.40 log reduction, respectively. Both antibiotic drugs exhibited lower effect on the viability of P. aeruginosa in colony biofilms. The qualitative results observed with the wound pads also revealed higher viability of established biofilms, suggesting the antibiotic tolerance of these biofilms. This finding aids in the development of novel biomaterial wound dressing.
Immobilization of Naringin onto Chitosan Substrates by Using Ozone Activation
Authors: Ho Ming Hua , Wang Jing Wei
Published: August 2013

The ozone oxidation can easily produce peroxides with free radicals for the surface modification on biomaterials. This process would be highly efficient and without toxicity. In this research, naringin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor which can promote bone formation, was immobilize onto chitosan film by using the ozone activation process. At first, chitosan films were treated by the ozone activation to produce peroxides for the following immobilization of naringin. The amounts of peroxides produced by ozone treatment were quantified by the iodide assay. The immobilized naringin were identified with UV and FTIR. The results indicated successful immobilization of naringin. The concentration of crosslinkers was also optimized in this study. From SEM images, the surface topography of chitosan film was not changed after the immobilization process. The FTIR spectra indicated the difference in amine bonds of chitosan, revealing that there would be the chemical reaction between chitosan and crosslinkers.
In the in vitro delivery, the chitosan substrate with immobilized naringin was immersed in PBS and the released amount of naringin was measured by UV every two days. It was found that the immobilized naringin was slowly released in two weeks, where the naringin concentration was successfully controlled by this delivery process. The results of cell culture showed that cell activity, attachment and proliferation were promoted with immobilized naringin without any cytotoxicity. The early osteoblastic differentiation, ALPase expression, was also enhanced. The results in this research demonstrated the successful immobilization of naringin onto chitosan substrates. With the slow delivery of naringin, the naringin-chitosan substrate was highly osteoconductive without cytoxicity.
Preparation of 3DP Hydroxyapatite/Polycaprolactone Composite by a Novel Sequential Infiltration Technique
Authors: Thammarakcharoen Faungchat , Suvannapruk Waraporn , Suwanprateeb Jintamai
Published: August 2013

In this study, a novel sequential infiltration technique using both high and low molecular mass polymers was developed as a means to improve the toughness and mechanical integrity of three dimensional printed hydroxyapatite compared to typical polymer infiltration technique which employed only single molecular mass polymer. Biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL, Mw ~ 10,000 designated low or Mw ~ 80,000 designated high) were selected as an infiltrant since it has shown good biocompatibility together with a high elongation and energy to failure as compared to other medical polymers. Characterizations including thermogravimetry analysis, flexural properties, in vitro degradation and liquid absorption were carried out. It was observed that the combination of high and low MW infiltration in sequence yielded greater increase in the flexural modulus, strength, elongation and energy at break than those of using only single molecular mass infiltration. This enhancement in mechanical properties was found to be due to the increase in the content of infiltrated polymer into the samples in combination with the synergic effect of low and high molecular mass polycaprolactone resulting from the sequential infiltration.
Tin-Powder Mediated Facile Route for the Reduction of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Kim Nam Hoon , Kuila Tapas , Zhang Chun Fei , Lee Joong Hee
Published: August 2013

A facile approach for the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using of Tin (Sn) powder and dilute hydrochloric acid at room temperature (RT) and at 50 °C upto 0.5-3 h has been reported. The as-prepared high quality crystalline graphene has been characterized using various analytical techniques. The rate of reduction scales with the reaction time for both RT and 50 °C as evidenced from electrical conductivity data. The graphene samples reduced at RT shows high electrical conductivity value due to the presence of un-reacted Sn-particles. resulting the enhancement in the However, the graphene prepared at 50 °C shows low electrical conductivity in comparison to the room temperature reduced graphene. XPS elemental analysis is in good agreement with this observation.
The Coexistence and Competition of Natural Fibres with Man-Made Fibres and Future Prospects
Authors: Kozlowski Ryszard M. , Muzyczek Malgorzata , Mackiewicz-Talarczyk Maria
Published: August 2013

The fibrous plants can grow from Northern to Southern Arctic Circle. Different parts of these lignocellulosic plants are valuable sources of lignocellulosic fibres used in textiles and eco-friendly composites, sources of human food, nutrients, animal feed, agro-fine-chemicals for cosmetics and other area of application. That they are completely sustainable, renewable, and biodegradable and they recycle the carbon dioxide (CO2). Fibrous plants were well known to mankind more than 7 000 BC. Some of these bast fibrous plants like flax and hemp could be explored for reclaiming the soil polluted by heavy metals. The total production of all natural fibres is expected at the level 35-40 million tons/year. Special treatment and functionalization of these fibres provides new promising features and expected new properties of these fibres. Natural fibres can be processed for production of woven goods, knitting, nonwoven, technical and 3D textiles, also as the reinforcement of more friendly composites. These whole plants and woody parts (shives) and fibres can be used for production of special pulp and paper and seeds some for obtaining the agro-fine-chemicals. Natural fibres and derived products have very important properties like: excellent air permeability, high hygroscopicity, high heat absorption, no release of substances harmful for health, they not cause allergy effect, as well as safer behaviour in flame and fire combustion versus man-made fibres. The new emerging method of genetic modification (GM) of these fibrous plants provides promising performance e.g. higher level of cellulose, possibility of creating polyhydroxy-alcanate (PHA) natural polyester in statu nascendi. Such GM modified plants are resistant to special herbicides, better resistant to drought also with controlled level of lignin and pectin.In 21st century the coexistence and competition between man-made and natural fibres is stabilized, especially in area of quality, sustainability and economy of their production.
Mechanical Properties of Acrylate-Styrene-Acrylonitrile/Bagasse Composites
Authors: Pakeyangkoon Pornsri , Ploydee Benjawan
Published: August 2013

Mechanical properties of wood plastic composite, prepared from acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA) and bagasse, were investigated. In this study, 10 to 50 phr of bagasse were used in order to obtain the wood plastic composite with superior mechanical properties. The wood plastic composites in the study were prepared by melt-blending technique. All materials were mixed by using a two-roll-mill, shaped into sheets by a compression molding machine and the specimens were cut with a cutting machine. Youngs modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength and hardness of the wood plastic composites were investigated and found to improve with increasing bagasse content. However, some composite properties, i.e., impact strength, was decreased by adding the bagasse and then become steady when the amount of bagasse added was more than 30 phr. It was concluded that wood plastic composites with the desirable mechanical properties can be formulated using ASA as the matrix polymer and 50 phr of bagasse.
Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Frames Not Designed According to TDY2007 with External Shear Walls
Authors: Unal Alptug , Kaltakci Mevlut Yasar , Balik Fatih Suleyman , Korkmaz Hasan Husnu , Bahadir Fatih , Korkmaz Serra Zerrin , Kamanli Mehmet
Published: August 2013

Recently repair and strengthening of existing buildings become a popular research topic. The strengthening of buildings necessitates the evacuation of the structure. On the other hand, school, hospital type structures must continue their function. In this study exterior shear wall addition to the existing exterior frames is proposed. Since the application is applied to the exterior of the building, the structure can continue its function during the application. In this study, 1/3 scaled 4 specimens were tested under reversed cyclic loading simulating the seismic action. First reference specimen was the bare frame and didnt contain a strengthening and tested to see the reference behavior. Specimens have several design mistakes to represent the existing older structures. The other specimens retrofitted with different configurations. The second specimen was strengthened with exterior shear walls and contained a window opening. The last specimen was also retrofitted with exterior shear wall but the shear walls were divided into two pieces. The load-displacement curves, envelope curves, relative displacement curves, energy absorption curves and rigidity curves were presented and compared within the paper. In the conclusion, the capacity increase of the frame was discussed and several recommendations were presented.
Antibacterial Efficacy and Mechanical Properties of Silica Reinforced Natural Rubber (NR) with HPQM Based Neusilin
Authors: Niltui Piyaporn , Kanking Sirichai , Techangamvong Savaeng , Wimolmala Ekachai , Sombatsompop Narongrit , Wimolmala E.
Published: August 2013

This work studied the antibacterial performance and mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) compound reinforced with commercial silica at various silica loadings form 0, 20, 40 and 60 parts per hundred rubber (phr). 2-Hydroxypropyl-3-Piperazinyl-Quinoline carboxylic acid Methacrylate (HPQM) based Neusilin at loadings of 0, 3 and 5 phr were used as anti-bacterial agent against Escherichaia coli (E.coli) ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) ATCC 25922. The antibacterial performance was reported as a clear zone radius by diffusion test and a percentage reduction of bacteria by Plate-Count-Agar (PCA) method. The results suggested that the increasing silica loading in the NR vulcanizates improved the tensile modulus and hardness, but decreased elongation which had optimal tensile strength at 20 phr of silica. Additionally, the HPQM based Neusilin did not affect the mechanical properties of the rubber vulcanizates. The antibacterial results showed that the inhibition zone radius and the percentage reduction increased with increasing HPQM based Neusilin, but decreased with silica filler content. The antibacterial efficacy was inversely related to the reinforcement level of the NR vulcanizates by the silica. The percentage reduction of bacteria of NR compound filled with 5 phr of HPQM based Neusilin achieved 99.9%.
Effect of Reinforcement and Processing Methods in PP/MWCNTs Nanocomposites
Authors: Arun S. , Kanagaraj S.
Published: August 2013

The usage of polymers is increased in order to replace the conventional metals because of their low cost and weight. As the processing technique of polymers plays a vital role in their properties, Polypropylene (PP) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were chosen as a matrix and reinforcement, respectively in order to confirm the effective processing method to prepare nanocomposites. The PP/MWCNTs nanocomposites with different concentration of reinforcement such as 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt. % were prepared by melt mixing technique through (i) an injection molding (IM) process and (ii) the twin-screw extruder followed by an injection moulding process (TSE). It is observed that the mechanical properties of PP were found to be increased with MWCNTs concentration irrespective of the processing methods, where the optimum concentration was observed to be 1.5 wt. % of MWCNTs. It is also observed that the mechanical properties of polymer processed through TSE process was found to be less than that of the sample processed by IM process. However, an opposite trend was observed when the reinforcement was done. It is concluded that the PP/MWCNTs nanocomposites processed through TSE were found to have enhanced mechanical properties compared to that of the sample prepared through IM process.
The Sequential Analysis of Film Deformation Behavior during Successive Biaxial Stretching Process
Authors: Kushizaki Yoshiyuki , Tokihisa Masayoshi , Tomiyama Hideki , Yamada Toshiro
Published: August 2013

The deformation behavior of Polypropylene (PP) film during successive biaxial stretching process which consists of machine direction (MD) stretching process with a roll drawing and transverse direction (TD) stretching with a tentering was analyzed sequentially by using a finite element method (FEM). In order to analyze it, stress-strain curves of casted PP film and uni-axially oriented PP film in MD were measured and fitted into the constitutive equation that the authors developed previously, respectively, and then, material constants for both films were obtained. Deformation behavior during successive biaxial stretching were calculated by applying the constitutive equation with the material constants of casted PP film for MD stretching and uni-axially oriented PP film in MD for TD stretching, respectively. Analytical conditions were the draw ratio of 5 for MD analysis and the stretching ratio of 9.5 for TD analysis. The authors also experimentally measured the thickness of film during and after MD and TD stretching using a pilot plant under the same conditions as analytical condition. Calculated results were able to express qualitatively the experimental deformation behavior of PP film such as the neck-in phenomena during MD stretching and the change of film thickness during MD and TD stretching.
Elaboration and Characterization of a Novel Biobased Poly(Furfurylalcohol)/Silica Nanocomposite
Authors: Bosq Nicolas , Guigo Nathanaël , Persello Jacques , Sbirrazzuoli Nicolas
Published: August 2013

The modified PFA via silica nanoparticle insertion was studied under different experimental conditions. In the key step, thermal and mechanical properties variations of the material (thermal stability, vitrification) were closely correlated with the type of the silica nanoparticles employed. To reach the results, thermal analytical experiment were conducted such as TGA or DMTA. Moreover, the silica nanoparticles surface modifications were highlighted from TGA and FTIR. Their morphology and dispersion into the polymer were shown by TEM measurements.
Application of Non-Destructive Testing for Measurement of Strength Development of Biocemented Sand
Authors: Piriyakul Keeratikan , Iamchaturapatr Janjit
Published: August 2013

Soil biocementation is the new technology using biological process to initiate the crystal forms of carbonates to bind the soil particles resulting in soil mechanical improvement. This research examines the feasibility of microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing ammonia with production of carbonate collected from natural soil. The biocement was prepared by a mixture of calcium salt, urea, and microbial suspension collected from natural water samples. The urease activity was measured by the concentration of NH4+ in solution. The physico-chemical properties including the effects of Ca2+ concentrations, soil pH and crystal forming shapes were studied. The strength development of biocemented soil samples was measured by non-destructive test using shear wave velocity method. Formation of calcite layer on sand surface could be useful for the stabilization of the sand or earth structures.
Experimental Investigation of Magnetic Field Assisted Electro Discharge Deposition Process
Authors: Muralidharan B. , Chelladurai H.
Published: August 2013

A new deposition technique for the fabrication of micro parts by electrical discharge machine (EDM) was investigated. Electro discharge deposition (EDDe) is an emerging process in the area of manufacturing parts in micro scale. The dissipated energy at the anode is used voluntarily to melt the wire which gets deposited on the desired surface. Researches on EDDe process investigated mainly on the effect of main operating parameters such as current, pulse on time, voltage, on the quality of deposited material. The control of melted and vaporized material would assist in limiting the plasma channel which would significantly affect the stability of deposition process. Thus, the deposition process performance would be improved by controlling the deposition particles within interelectrode gap. In this investigation, magnetic field was added to conventional electrical discharge machine to form magnetic field assisted EDDe. Experimental study using CCRD method is conducted to understand the effect of varying process parameters which includes current, voltage, pulse on time, duty cycle and field strength on deposited layer characteristics. Experimental results suggest that the magnetic field facilitates the deposition process significantly.
Study on the Antioxidant Activities of Gel Containing Tagetes erecta (L.)
Authors: Limsuwan Tunyaluk , Boonme Prapaporn , Amnuaikit Thanaporn
Published: August 2013

Tagetes erecta Linn. (Asteraceae), commonly known as marigold, is a common garden plant in Thailand. It was reported that antioxidant, antimycotic, and analgesic activities were found in Tagetes erecta. In this study, the alcoholic crude extracts of flowers of Tagetes erecta were evaluated its free radical scavenging properties by using 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was used as standard antioxidant. Tagetes erecta extract possessed the potency of DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50 6.56±1.46 μg/ml) more than BHT (EC50 11.06±1.75 μg/ml). Later, it was prepared in gel formulation at concentration of 0.1 % w/w Tagetes erecta extract which Carbopol Ultrez 21 or Sepigel 305 was used as a gelling agent. Propylene glycol, Uniphen P-23, triethanolamine, and distilled water were used as ingredients. The physicochemical property was evaluated in terms of physical appearances, pH, viscosity, and antioxidant activity. All formulations possessed good antioxidant activity. In addition, it has good physical appearances, and pH ranged of 4 to 6. However, the viscosity depended on a polymer type and concentration of polymer.
Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber-PCL Core-Shell/PLA Composites
Authors: Phromma Warangkhana , Magaraphan Rathanawan
Published: August 2013

Natural rubber (NR)/Polycaprolactone (PCL) core-shell (NR-ad-PCL), from admicellar polymerization, was as an impact modifier for the composites. PLA was mixed with NR-ad-PCL with different NR-ad-PCL contents at 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. PLA-based composites were prepared by co-rotating twin screw extruder. The morphology of the composites was observed by Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by dynamic mechanical analyzer and pendulum impact tester. The impact strength of the PLA filled with NR-ad-PCL increased while modulus of the PLA composites decreased with increasing rubber contents.
The Evaluation of Mixing Characteristics of Dulmage Screw
Authors: Kimura Koichi , Itamochi Yusuke , Tomiyama Hideki
Published: August 2013

The mixing performance of Dulmage screw was studied experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, Low density polyethylene and red colored mastebatch were mixed and extruded by using Dulmage screw or Full Flight screw. And then, the degree of color uniformity was measured on the cross-section of the extrudate. The masterbatch was distributed more uniformly on the cross-section of Dulmage screw than that of Full Flight screw. The degree of color uniformity for Dulmage screw was about two times higher than that for Full Flight screw. In the numerical analysis, the flow pattern of the masterbatch in the screw channel of Dulmage screw was visualized by means of particle tracking technique. The degree of the distribution of the masterbatch was quantified as the information entropy. The information entropy at the outlet of the screw changed periodically with the screw rotation speed. Furthermore, the masterbatch circulated between the screw surface and the barrel surface in the fin section, consequently the degree of the distribution of the masterbatch changed periodically. In case the masterbatch was distributed uniformly along the channel depth at the outlet of the fin section, the information entropy at the outlet of the screw became high. The result shows the mixing performance of Dulmage screw strongly related to the degree of the distribution of the masterbatch at the outlet of the fin section.
Supervised Multidimensional Scaling for Ontology Similarity Measure and Ontology Mapping via Multi-Dividing
Authors: Gao Wei , Xu Tian Wei , Liang Li , Gan Jian Hou
Published: August 2013

Ontology similarity calculation and ontology mapping are crucial research topics in information retrieval. Ontology, as a concept structure model, is also widely used in biology, physics, geography and social sciences. In this paper, we propose new algorithms for ontology similarity measurement and ontology mapping using supervised multidimensional scaling and multi-dividing technologies. Two experimental results show that the proposed new algorithm has high accuracy and efficiency on ontology similarity calculation and ontology mapping in certain applications.
Analysis on the Location Change of Taoist Architecture - A Case Study of Shanxi Taoist Buildings
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhu Xiang Dong , Wang Chong En
Published: August 2013

Article to Shanxi Taoism building for research object, using statistics of practices, will Shanxi province different period of Taoism building of distribution for Combs, and on Taoism building of site, and construction, and development, and changes of effect factors for analysis, to judge out Taoism building of site changes main is due to different period of Taoism doctrine and history background of role, while also reveals out China Taoism building site changes of history features.
The Tracer Experimental Method for Determining Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient of Nature River
Authors: Fan Yong , Shi Ke Bin
Published: August 2013

Tracer experiment to obtain flow longitudinal dispersion coefficient is the most direct and reliable method. In this paper, the existing natural rivers longitudinal dispersion coefficient tracer experimental method for calculating is analyzed comprehensively. Focuses on the method of moments, the principles and applications of regression analysis, calculus optimization methods, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. In recent years the calculus optimization method is outstanding, determine river longitudinal dispersion coefficient method was developed and applied to an instance of some of the new tracer experiment. Local conditions should combine with topographic flow characteristics to select the appropriate calculation methods in practical applications. Finally, some problems of the natural rivers longitudinal dispersion coefficient study that need further investigation were put forward.
Structural and Optical Behavior of nanoCe2(SO4)3, CeF3 and CePO4:Tb3+ Composites Embedded in PVOH Matrix
Authors: Muley Aarti , Joshi C.P. , Patil R.R. , Moharil S.V.
Published: August 2013

Embedding rare earth compounds and inorganic materials in polymer matrix are of great interest due to its various applications in sensors, optical batteries etc. The hydrated form of optical compounds possesses interest due to the possibility of crystal field effect on the electronic and magnetic field structure of the 4f shell. The stiochiometric cerium compounds have attracted attention due to its high temperature phase stability, high melting point, low thermal conductivity, optical fluorescence etc. In this paper we discuss the synthesis of cerrous sulphate Ce2(SO4)3, Cerium fluoride CeF3 and Cerium Phosphate doped with terbium Ce1-xPO4:Tbx composites and dependence of their structural and optical behavior on particle size. Cerrous sulphate exists in several phases, mostly hydrated. In polymer composite the anhydrous phase of Ce2(SO4)3 is observed. Also CePO4 composites crystallize to monazite phase. The significant changes in Ce3+ emission and absorption spectra are observed due to this phase change. Cerium fluoride composites prepared with different concentration show three absorption peaks around 237, 275 and 265nm. The lower concentration of CeF3 shows different absorption. CePO4 composites doped with various concentrations of terbium shows intense green emission at 543 nm and maximum energy transfer for 10 mol % of Tb3+. The Ce3+ emission is shifted to 337nm. The S.E.M. photograph of the composite shows well separated particles with average size 300nm.
Production System Improvement by Integration of FMEA with 5-Whys Analysis
Authors: Ding Siew Hong , Muhammad Nur Amalina , Zulkurnaini Nur Hanisah , Khaider Amanina Nadia , Kamaruddin Shahru
Published: August 2013

With the rapid growth of semiconductor industry, manufacturers are always seeking for improvement to produce better product quality with lower cost in order to survive under competitive marketing environment. However, these matters are easily affected by the failures occurred on the machines. Thus, this paper proposes framework using failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) with 5-Whys analysis to discover the root cause of the failure furthermore to identify the effective solutions. Drilling machine has been used to justify the practicability of the proposed framework.
The Study and Application of Workflow Management System Based on Multi-Role Playing
Authors: Zeng Zi Wei , Zhang Qiu Si
Published: August 2013

Workflow management system is playing more and more significant role in business process management (BPM) and office automation (OA) of enterprises [. It can improve the efficiency and manageability of an enterprises daily teamwork, control as well as coordinate the processes [. Traditionally, it is not easy for the workflow modeling method to describe the complex business process clearly and intuitively. In this paper we improved the role based workflow model, and proposed a workflow modeling method based on multi-role playing. It is possible to make the modeling easier and simpler when we come to the complex business process modeling problems. Finally, an example of a B/S based Enterprise Financial Reimbursement Management System (EFRMS) is demonstrated to prove the convenience and feasibility about the method mentioned.
Rapid Vehicle Scheduling for Emergency Personnel Evacuation in Disaster Rescue
Authors: Li Jin , Li Jian Hua , Ling Hao , Zhu Yong Tian
Published: August 2013

T Vehicle scheduling for personnel evacuation plays a significant role in disaster rescue. However, current vehicle scheduling methods do not meet the needs of emergency response in disaster rescue. This paper proposes a rapid vehicle scheduling method to evacuate the crowd and reduce losses in an emergent situation. We construct a specific model for vehicle scheduling problem in disaster rescue firstly, and then put forward a heuristic algorithm to solve this problem. An empirical example is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the method. Scheduling and evacuation data are computed in real-time and considerations about dangerous zones of different dangerous levels are also included in this method. The characteristics of the method make it more suitable in actual emergency rescue.