bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA DALAM KEGIATAN PERTANIAN TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Sinambela Bilker Roensis
Published: October 2024

Pesticides are chemicals whose use is close to human life. Agricultural systems based on high energy input materials such as chemical pesticides can cause environmental pollution, especially the agricultural environment. Inappropriate use of pesticides endangers the health of farmers, consumers, and non-target microorganisms and has an impact on environmental pollution both soil and water. Data collection techniques with secondary data collection methods, where the author collects 10 articles and then processes the data into new data. The results showed that when the behavior and use of pesticides were classified as good criteria with a score of 65.9%, the environmental impact was also classified as good criteria. The impact of the use of pesticides found in farmers is in the form of nausea, vomiting, dizziness, itching on the skin. Of the 100 samples, most of them, 75%, experienced these health problems. The impact of using pesticides in agricultural activities on the environment and health can have good and bad effects depending on how the attitudes and behavior of farmers in using pesticides. Excessive use of pesticides, not in accordance with applicable regulations will cause pollution to the environment (soil pollution, water pollution and wild organisms and animals) and health problems that interfere with the physical condition of the farmers themselves such as dizziness, nausea and others, this is due to farmers who tend not to use personal protective equipment (PPE) when interacting with pesticides
PENGEMBANGAN CABAI KATOKKON (Capsicum annuum L. var. sinensis) DI LUAR HABITAT ASLINYA
Authors: Ibrahim Bakhtiar , Numba Sudirman , Hazisah Nur
Published: October 2024

This research aims to develop Katokkon chilies outside their natural habitat with different environmental conditions. Increase soil fertility levels in areas with low fertility levels by adding manure and NPK fertilizer. The study used a two-factor randomized block design (RBD): NPK fertilizer and cow manure. NPK fertilizer consisted of 2 grams, 4 grams, 6 grams per 10 kg of soil, and control (without NPK fertilizer). Cow manure treatment consisted of 0.5 kg, 1 kg, and 1.5 kg per 10 kg of soil and without cow manure (control). Each treatment was repeated 3 times and consisted of 3 plants for each observation unit. The research results show that developing katokkon chili plants outside their natural habitat is still possible. Providing 0.5 kg of cow manure had the best effect on the parameters of plant height, fruit weight, and production of Katokkon chili plants. Adding 2 g NPK fertilizer provided the best growth in terms of plant height, fruit weight, and production parameters. However, the addition of 6 g NPK fertilizer affected the productive branch parameters of Katokkon chili plants. There was a real interaction between 0.5 kg cow manure and the addition of 2 g NPK fertilizer on the parameters of plant height, fruit weight per plant, and production of Katokkon chili plants
EFISIENSI PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ANORGANIK MELALUI APLIKASI BOKASHI GAMAL PADA TANAMAN CABAI MERAH BESAR HIBRIDA (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Alimuddin Suraedah , Edy Edy , Haris Abdul
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of inorganic fertilizer utilization through the use of bokashi from Gliricidia sepium on large hybrid chili plants and its effects on the physical and chemical properties of the soil as well as plant growth and productivity. This study was conducted in Pakkabba Village, North Galesong District, Takalar Regency, and soil, bokashi, and leaf tissue analysis was carried out at the Soil Laboratory of the Agricultural Assessment and Technology Center (BPTP) Maros. This research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design with 8 treatments: 100% inorganic fertilizer (ZA 650, Urea 250, SP36 500, and KCl 450 kg.ha-1); 90% inorganic fertilizer + Bokashi of Gliricidia sepium 5 t.ha-1; 80% inorganic fertilizer + Bokashi of Gliricidia sepium 10 t.ha-1;  70% inorganic fertilizer + Bokashi of Gliricidia sepium 15 t.ha-1; 60% inorganic fertilizer + Bokashi of Gliricidia sepium 20 t.ha-1; 50% inorganic fertilizer + Bokashi of Gliricidia sepium 25 t.ha-1; Without inorganic fertilizer + Bokashi Gliricidia sepium 30 t.ha-1. The results showed that the application of Gliricidia sepium bokashi did not have a significant effect on the level of soil porosity. The application of Gliricidia sepium bokashi increased the residue of N, P, K soil, C-organic, CEC, and soil pH at the end of the study. Inorganic fertilizer 70% of the recommended dose + 15 t.ha-1 Gliricidia sepium bokashi provided significantly better hybrid large chili productivity compared to other treatments, namely 22.11 t.ha-1. Gliricidia sepium bokashi 30 t.ha-1 without inorganic fertilizer produced chili productivity that was no different from the treatment of 100% inorganic fertilizer. These results indicate that the use of 30 t.ha-1 Gliricidia sepium bokashi can save 100% of inorganic fertilizer (650 kg ZA, 250 kg urea, 500 kg SP-36, and 450 kg KCl) in large chili plantings so that the use of 30 t.ha-1 Gliricidia sepium bokashi without inorganic fertilizer can be an alternative for organic cultivation of hybrid large chili plants.
DAYA MULTIPLIKASI EKSPLAN KENTANG AR 8 PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI BENZIL AMINO PURIN (BAP) DAN EKSTRAK BAWANG MERAH DALAM MEDIA DASAR MURASHIGE DAN SKOOG (MS) SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Numba Sudirman , Abdullah Abdullah , Ridwan Rahmat
Published: October 2024

The technique of propagating potato seeds through tissue culture has long been used to produce quality and disease-free seeds. This study aims to test the effect of the combination of BAP and Shallot Extract on the growth of potato plant explants on MS media (Murshige & Skooge). Research in experimental form uses a completely randomized design (CRD) in a factorial pattern consisting of two factors. As the first factor, the growth hormone BAP consists of 4 levels, namely: 0 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm and 4 ppm. Meanwhile, the second factor is: shallot extract consists of 4 treatment levels, namely: 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%. Thus, there were 16 treatment combinations which were repeated 6 times so that the total experimental units were 96. The ABA treatment with a concentration of 2 ppm/liter gave the best effect on the shoot formation time and root formation time of AR 8 potato plant explants. However, the treatment without ABA had a good effect on Shoot length and root length of explant potato plant varieties AR 8. Shallot extract treatment with a concentration of 20% had the best effect on shoot formation time, root formation time, shoot length and number of leaves. However, the treatment with a concentration of 40% had a better effect on the parameters of the number of shoots and the number of explant segments of the AR 8 variety of potato plants. The interaction of the ABA treatment with a concentration of 2 ppm and the shallot extract with a concentration of 20% had the best effect on the time of emergence of shoots and roots on the AR 8 Potato Explants. However, the interaction without ABA (0ppm) and shallot extract had a better effect on the parameters of shoot length, number of leaves, and number of explant segments in the AR 8 potato variety.
Association of Risk Factors of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Blockage Among non-diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital – An Observational Study
Authors: Rabbani Md Golam Mahfuz , Islam Md Monirul , Ali Md Shawqat , Rafiquzzaman Khondker , Khalid Muhammad Fazlul Haque
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death in the world. In 2015, an estimated 442.7 million prevalent cases of CVD were present worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases account for more than 17 million deaths globally each year. Previous studies identified diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and sedentary lifestyle as risk factors.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for acute myocardial infarction associated with heart blockage among non-diabetic patients.
Methods: This was an observational study conducted in the Department of Cardiology of Jashore Medical College Sadar Hospital, Jashore, Bangladesh during the period from April, 2021 to March, 2022. In this study, we included 120 non-diabetic patients who were diagnosed with myocardial infarction.
Result: Mean age was 53.03±11.3 years & most of our patients were male. Among all patients, majority (65%) patients had >60% blockage, followed by 30(25%) patients had 40%-60% artery blockage, and <40% blockage was found in 10% patients. Hypertension, dyslipidemia & dyslipidemia with hypertension, age ≥60 years, family history of CHD, smoking, diabetes & obesity were individual risk factors of CHD among non-diabetic patients. The most common risk factors for heart blockage were age >45 years, high blood pressure, high LDL, unhealthy diet, and stressful life.
Conclusion: In our study, we found hypertension, history of CHD, dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia with hypertension, stress, age ≥60 years, and obesity were individual risk factors for CHD. These elements work as crucial risk factors for myocardial infarction in non-diabetic patients. Risk factors like age >45 years, high blood pressure, high LDL, unhealthy diet, and stressful life were responsible for the highest heart blockage in myocardial infarction patients.
J Inv Clin Cardiol 2023; 5(2): 38-44
Lesion Characterization by 99mTc-MIBI Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) & 18F-FDG Cardiac PET Following Myocardial Infarction Before Revascularization & Outcome Prediction: Initial Experience in Bangladesh
Authors: Akhter Afroza , Biswas Shankar Kumar , Sharmin Shaila , Islam Sabrina , Begum Rubina , Haque Jasmine Ara , Biswas Pijous , Chowdhury Abdul Wadud
Published: October 2024

99mTc-MIBI SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and 18F-FDG cardiac positron emission tomography (Cardiac PET) can assess the extent and severity of myocardial perfusion and metabolic defect following myocardial infarction (MI) and also able to predict the outcome before revascularization in known coronary artery disease patients.  About 135 cases of known coronary artery disease patients were enrolled here for combined nuclear imaging tests, rest only ECG gated MPI and FDG cardiac PET to assess myocardial perfusion and viability status following MI prior to revascularization. In this study we want to figure out the utility of this combined protocol for myocardial lesion characterization and its role for clinical decision-making in-patient selection prior to revascularization and treatment planning. We are also intended to share the initial outcome in available follow up cases.
J Inv Clin Cardiol 2023; 5(2): 45-52
Xác định hiệu ứng phần bù rủi ro trên thị trường chứng khoán các nước mới nổi bằng mô hình GARCH-M
Authors: tTrần Thị Tuấn Anh
Published: October 2024

Bài viết nghiên cứu sử dụng tỷ suất sinh lợi hàng ngày để mô hình hóa độ biến động và kiểm định sự xuất hiện của phần bù rủi ro trên thị trường của 16 quốc gia mới nổi. Kết quả ước lượng mô hình GARCH-M cho thấy tất cả các thị trường đều có phương sai thay đổi theo thời gian, nhưng phần bù rủi ro trong phương trình GARCH-M chỉ có ý nghĩa thống kê ở Ai Cập, Hàn Quốc và Indonesia khi xét trên toàn bộ mẫu dữ liệu. Trước khi đại dịch COVID-19 xảy ra, phần bù rủi ro chỉ được xác định ở Ai Cập. Sau đại dịch, Colombia và Malaysia cũng có hiện tượng này cùng với Hàn Quốc và Indonesia. Kết quả nghiên cứu cung cấp thông tin về rủi ro và lợi nhuận để các nhà đầu tư xây dựng danh mục đầu tư. Ngoài ra, việc nghiên cứu tỷ suất sinh lợi chứng khoán và độ biến động ở các nước mới nổi cũng quan trọng đối với người làm chính sách.
Phenology of penaeid shrimp nursery habitat use: trends and environmental drivers over four decades
Authors: Batchelder LJ , Stone JP , Kimball ME , Pfirrmann BW , Dunn RP
Published: October 2024

White shrimp Penaeus setiferus and brown shrimp P. aztecus are key predators of benthic infauna and important prey resources for higher trophic levels in coastal waters of the southeastern USA. Both species rely on estuaries as nursery habitat and are subject to the dynamic environmental conditions typical of these ecosystems. Understanding the phenology of juvenile penaeid shrimp estuarine habitat use, detecting changes in phenology over time, and linking interannual variability in phenological metrics to environmental conditions will provide an improved understanding of the degree to which global change is impacting the life history of these key members of estuarine communities. We analyzed nearly 4 decades of catch data (1984-2022) from a tidal creek in South Carolina, USA, comparing the timing, synchrony, and duration of juvenile shrimp habitat utilization across years to identify shifts in phenology. We then investigated linkages between environmental and climatological conditions and shrimp phenology to understand potential drivers of interannual variation in these metrics. Brown shrimp phenology showed no directional change over time; however, salinity and winter water temperature were strong predictors of variability in all 3 phenological metrics. Conversely, white shrimp nursery habitat use has become less synchronized and occurs over a longer interval, but no single environmental variable strongly predicts all 3 metrics. Differences in life history strategy and environmental tolerances likely contribute to the variation in phenological responses observed for these species. Our findings demonstrate that climate-change-related shifts in phenology will be species- and life-history-specific.
From Podium into Practice: Working Together to Revolutionise Cancer Care in the Real World
Authors: Rossi Greg
Published: October 2024

Cancer is on course to be the leading cause of death in the EU by 2035. Europe’s population is ageing rapidly, and obesity rates continue to climb; meanwhile, healthcare systems struggle with delayed diagnoses and unequal access to treatments.

Despite these challenges, the oncology community has many reasons to be optimistic. Our increased understanding of cancer has enabled us to create potentially transformative treatments, which could deliver life-changing outcomes that were unimaginable 20 years ago. Much of this emerging science has been showcased at this year’s European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress, leading to well-warranted excitement across the community.

However, it will take more than early research and positive clinical trial data to transform cancer care. We must embed new technologies and approaches in real health systems, looking 10 or 20 years ahead, to truly redefine cancer care.

Greg Rossi, Senior VP, Head of Oncology, Europe and Canada, AstraZeneca, shares his thoughts on the critical approaches and concrete steps needed for progress and the importance of collaboration to achieve these goals.
Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer: Is This the End of the Line?
Authors: Scott Brigitte
Published: October 2024

Approximately 80% of females with ovarian cancer are diagnosed with advanced disease, and around 70% of these females relapse within 3 years of first-line treatment. Five-year survival for newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer is less than 50%. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the cornerstone of systemic treatment; however, it is not appropriate for patients with relapsed ovarian cancer who had disease progression during previous platinum treatment, early symptomatic progression post-platinum treatment, or who are platinum intolerant. New drugs are needed to address the unmet need in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer who are not eligible for platinum-based chemotherapy. This article presents highlights from a satellite symposium conducted as part of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2024, which took place from 13th–17th September 2024 in Barcelona, Spain. The objectives of the symposium were to improve understanding of the current treatment pathways and unmet needs for patients with ovarian cancer who are ineligible for platinum-based therapies, to raise awareness of the rationale for targeting folate receptor α (FRα) in a variety of novel therapeutics for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC), and to review the efficacy outcomes and side effects from recent clinical trials involving antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) in PROC. In this symposium, Ana Oaknin, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain, described the current landscape in advanced ovarian cancer and the unmet need in relapsed disease; Philipp Harter, Evangelische Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Germany, explored FRα-targeted therapeutics in PROC; and Kathleen Moore, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA, discussed ADC development beyond FRα in PROC. The symposium concluded with a lively discussion, including questions from the audience, key examples of which are included in this article.
Treatment Strategies and Sequencing After Endocrine Therapy Plus CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Patients with ER+/HER2- Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Humphry Nicola
Published: October 2024

This symposium took place on the first day of the 2024 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress in Barcelona, Spain. The goal was to present recommendations for treatment strategies and sequencing for patients with oestrogen-receptor positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-), advanced/metastatic breast cancer after first-line (1L) therapy with endocrine therapy (ET) plus inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6i).

An expert panel of clinicians explained that most patients will eventually develop resistance to ET regimens during the advanced/metastatic setting, and they discussed the current ESMO recommendations for second- or later-line (2L+) treatment, which are driven by endocrine sensitivity status and biomarkers. Trial data that support the therapeutic recommendations in this patient population were presented, and the benefits and risks associated with different treatment options were summarised.

The panel emphasised the importance of testing for emergent ESR1 mutations at each progression during the advanced/metastatic treatment course, ideally by analysing circulating DNA from a liquid biopsy, in order to identify patients for whom elacestrant will be particularly beneficial.
The Evolving Prospects of Bharatanatyam: An Enquiry on Changing Religious Landscape
Authors: Balaji Krithika V. , Garai Sudipta , Choolayil Anoop C.
Published: October 2024

As cultural boundaries expand, symbols of cultural identity, like dance forms, evolve in terms of content and practice. Bharatanatyam, originally a temple dance, originated in the Hindu culture and had long been considered a religious art. However, the art form has gradually expanded its scope beyond its religious context. Contemporary evidence suggests that artists increasingly engage in performances addressing themes that are secular and even compositions based on other religious beliefs, but not without challenges. This article brings to light the evolving religious aspects of Bharatanatyam and investigates novel elements being introduced by cross-religious practices, such as thematic innovations, choreographic patterns and symbolic representations. By analysing data from in-depth interviews with twenty artists from diverse religious backgrounds, the authors argue that religious conservatism in society hinders the evolution of art forms such as Bharatanatyam that have the potential to adapt across and beyond religions
Determination of the Amount of Bilge Waste Generated by Motorized Fishing Vessels in Türkiye
Authors: Özkaynak Ömer Harun
Published: October 2024

When bilge water from ships is illegally discharged into the sea, it causes severe damage to the marine and coastal ecosystem. MARPOL Annex-1 does not cover many fishing vessels since it only covers vessels over 400 GT (gross tonnage). According to Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) data, only 174 of the 14064 fishing vessels registered in Türkiye are above 400 GT. In our country, only 63 of 325 fishing harbors have waste reception facilities to control and collect bilge water. In this study, the amount of bilge waste that fishing vessels can produce was calculated using engine power information, and it was determined that a fishing vessel can produce an average of 155 L/day of bilge waste. It was also calculated that the bilge waste from fishing vessels could be at least 463872 m3/year, which is more than the 416370 m3 bilge waste collected from all vessels in 2021 according to the data of the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change. As a result, it is assessed that this risk can be reduced by increasing the number of waste reception facilities, the legal responsibility of waste reception facilities for bilge waste of fishing vessels, and strict inspections.
Fragile Democratization When Military Forces Fear Losing Control over Transition: The Cases of Thailand and Myanmar
Authors: Kong Lingkai
Published: October 2024

The journey towards democracy is fraught with fragility and volatility. A comparative analysis of democracy in Thailand and Myanmar was conducted. With an introduction to the basic political realities of the two countries, and figures and tables to compare the seats held by the military and democratic camps in the last few elections, the author demonstrate the evolution of pro-military and pro-democratic parties in both countries. It is found that: first, the politics in both countries historically were heavily influenced by military forces. Second, in the recent past, the military in both countries actually tolerated a certain degree of democratization. Finally, when the military found that the democratization process was beyond their control, or more accurately, when democratic forces in military-controlled parliaments gained a large advantage to the point where they could potentially destabilize the military's substantial power, the military tended to intervene to slow down that democratization process.
Oyster grower perspectives on green crab (Carcinus maenas) interactions: using applied social science to inform research and engagement
Authors: Meyer-Rust Kelsey , Williams Lindsey , Ward Krystin , Brown Bonnie
Published: October 2024

Research that informs the New Hampshire Aquaculture industry, which has grown significantly over the past few years, and helps the overall associated watershed community to keep Great Bay Estuary healthy is vital. Specific study of green crabs, Carcinus maenas, and their potential effects on oysters, Crassostrea virginica, is important to gain a better understanding of the impact invasive species may have on these ecologically and economically important bivalves. The aim of this study was to document and understand New Hampshire (NH) oyster growers’ perspectives on the issue of green crab predation of oysters. Through a survey, this study documented a preliminary understanding of farmer perspectives and research needs regarding the population of green crabs in NH waters. More specifically, this survey provided a social science perspective and information on areas of potential research - abundance, distribution, and diet of green crabs - that could be beneficial to the oyster industry. This study fills knowledge gaps, helps improve future research (including how to better engage with end users), and facilitates creating and implementing solutions that benefit the NH oyster aquaculture industry.
Scalable solutions for global health: the SalivaDirect model
Authors: Wyllie Anne L. , Choate Brittany , Burke Laura , Ali Yasmine
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic caught the world unprepared. Large-scale testing efforts were urgently needed, and diagnostic strategies had to rapidly evolve in response to unprecedented worldwide demand. However, the rollout of diagnostic testing and screening for SARS-CoV-2 was often impeded by logistical challenges, including regulatory delays, workforce shortages, laboratory bottlenecks, and supply chain disruptions. Recognizing these hurdles early on, we developed a testing approach that supported frequent, repeat testing, particularly as communities reopened. We hypothesized and experimentally demonstrated that saliva was a suitable specimen for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. This finding was advanced into the development of open-source, extraction-free reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction protocols using readily available, “off-the-shelf” reagents and equipment for the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva (“SalivaDirect’’). Working with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), we established a novel regulatory framework wherein the FDA granted Emergency Use Authorization to Yale University to offer the SalivaDirect test protocol to high-complexity diagnostic laboratories (as designated by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) with quality oversight provided by Yale. This grew into a network of more than 200 labs across the United States that, as of May 2024, resulted in over 6.5 million SARS-CoV-2 tests. By making the protocol flexible and open-source, laboratories were able to rapidly and economically scale testing using a simple, self-collected saliva specimen. Additionally, fostering a national network of laboratories enabled real-time exchanges, problem solving, and the development of community best practices. Preparing for the next pandemic, or simply the next seasonal epidemic, the SalivaDirect model of deploying a readily available, expandable solution and accompanying network provides a proven method for the successful implementation of pathogen testing in the United States and globally.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key link involved in the pathogenesis of sick sinus syndrome: a review
Authors: Shi Xinxin , He Liming , Wang Yucheng , Wu Yue , Lin Dongming , Chen Chao , Yang Ming , Huang Shuwei
Published: October 2024

Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a grave medical condition that can precipitate sudden death. The pathogenesis of SSS remains incompletely understood. Existing research postulates that the fundamental mechanism involves increased fibrosis of the sinoatrial node and its surrounding tissues, as well as disturbances in the coupled-clock system, comprising the membrane clock and the Ca2+ clock. Mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbates regional tissue fibrosis and disrupts the functioning of both the membrane and calcium clocks. This plays a crucial role in the underlying pathophysiology of SSS, including mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders, mitochondrial oxidative stress damage, calcium overload, and mitochondrial quality control disorders. Elucidating the mitochondrial mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of SSS and further investigating the disease's mechanisms is of great significance.
Drug–drug interaction extraction based on multimodal feature fusion by Transformer and BiGRU
Authors: Yu Changqing , Zhang Shanwen , Wang Xuqi , Shi Tailong , Jiang Chen , Liang Sizhe , Ma Guanghao
Published: October 2024

Understanding drug–drug interactions (DDIs) plays a vital role in the fields of drug disease treatment, drug development, preventing medical error, and controlling health care-costs. Extracting potential from biomedical corpora is a major complement of existing DDIs. Most existing DDI extraction (DDIE) methods do not consider the graph and structure of drug molecules, which can improve the performance of DDIE. Considering the different advantages of bi-directional gated recurrent units (BiGRU), Transformer, and attention mechanisms in DDIE tasks, a multimodal feature fusion model combining BiGRU and Transformer (BiGGT) is here constructed for DDIE. In BiGGT, the vector embeddings of medical corpora, drug molecule topology graphs, and structure are conducted by Word2vec, Mol2vec, and GCN, respectively. BiGRU and multi-head self-attention (MHSA) are integrated into Transformer to extract the local–global contextual DDIE features, which is important for DDIE. The extensive experiment results on the DDIExtraction 2013 shared task dataset show that the BiGGT-based DDIE method outperforms state-of-the-art DDIE approaches with a precision of 78.22%. BiGGT expands the application of multimodal deep learning in the field of multimodal DDIE.
Sedimentary characteristics and evolution of the Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation in the eastern Yangtze Block
Authors: Wang Yuanchong , Li Hao , Mou Chuanlong , Chen Weiwei , Gao Chang , Liang Wei , Zheng Binsong , Hou Qian , Xia Yu
Published: October 2024

The Upper Permian Wujiaping (WJP) Formation in the Yangtze Block (Southern China) has great potential for shale gas exploration. However, the sedimentary characteristics and environmental evolution of the WJP Formation are poorly understood. Based on 260 hand specimen samples obtained from 18 sections and 1 borehole in the eastern Yangtze Block, petrographic observations reveal that the WJP Formation is composed of 11 rock types. Combined with analyses of geochemical compositions, the sedimentary facies belts of the WJP Formation are divided into shoreland, shallow-water shelf, deep-water shelf shoal, restricted platform, and open platform. Bauxite was developed in the shoreland at the bottom of the WJP Formation, which is attributed to the Dongwu movement. The formation of paleo-uplift exerted a significant effect on paleogeomorphology and led to a major change in the sedimentary model from the underlying stratum to the WJP Formation. During the lower WJP Formation sedimentary period, gradual transgression occurred in the eastern Yangtze Block, and the lithology was mainly composed of clastic rocks. Shoreland, shallow-water shelf, and deep-water shelf were developed northeastward in turn. In the period of the upper WJP Formation, due to durative transgression, the area of the shoreland reduced southwestward. The lithology converted from clastic rocks into carbonates, and the restricted platform and open platform were developed northeastward. A few patched shoals formed in the restricted platform.
Surgical treatment strategies for gastroesophageal reflux after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Liu Genzheng , Wang Pengpeng , Ran Shuman , Xue Xiaobin , Meng Hua
Published: October 2024

Bariatric surgery has emerged as an effective therapeutic approach for combating obesity. As the most commonly performed bariatric surgery, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has a long-term and effective outcome in weight reduction. However, studies have reported an increased incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) among patients after LSG. For those who fail to respond to conventional oral acid-suppressing medication, surgical intervention comes into consideration. The most commonly performed revisional surgery for sleeve gastrectomy is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, which can effectively alleviate the symptoms of reflux in patients and also continues to promote weight loss in patients who have not achieved satisfactory results or have experienced weight regain. In addition to this established procedure, innovative techniques such as laparoscopic magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) are being explored. MSA is less invasive, has good reflux treatment outcomes, and its safety and efficacy are supported by the literature, making it a promising tool for the future treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. This article also explores the role of endoscopic interventions for GERD treatment of post-sleeve gastrectomy patients. Although these methods have shown some therapeutic effect, their efficacy still requires further study due to a lack of support from more clinical data. For patients with preoperative hiatal hernia or gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, some experts now consider performing LSG combined with hiatal hernia repair or fundoplication to alleviate or prevent postoperative reflux symptoms. Both of these surgical approaches have demonstrated favorable outcomes; however, the addition of fundoplication requires further investigation regarding its long-term effects and potential postoperative complications. This article gathers and examines the current laparoscopic and endoscopic treatments for refractory gastroesophageal reflux following LSG, as well as the concurrent treatment of LSG in patients with preoperative gastroesophageal reflux or hiatal hernia.
Identification of key areas for Territorial Ecological Restoration: focusing on ecological security and restoration potential
Authors: Du Sen , Xu Deze , Sun Foyou , Dong Xiaoyuan
Published: October 2024

Implementing Territorial Ecological Restoration is a crucial approach to achieving ecological stability and regional sustainable development, and it also serves as an important measure for promoting the coordinated development of socioeconomic and ecological environments in the Yellow River Basin. However, effective identification of key areas for Territorial Ecological Restoration remains challenging in planning ecological restoration projects. This study focuses on ecological security and restoration potential, taking Linxia Prefecture in the ecologically fragile area of the upper Yellow River as an example. By evaluating six types of ecosystem services in this area, utilizing morphological spatial pattern analysis models and circuit theory, we identified the structural elements of ecological security patterns and assessed the potential for ecological restoration, identifying key areas for regional ecological restoration.The findings indicated that (1) 13 ecological patches were identified in total, predominantly distributed in the southwest and central regions of Linxia Prefecture. 25 ecological corridors were identified, demonstrating a high level of spatial coherence in terms of significance and connectivity, establishing a closely integrated ecological security network primarily in the southwest of Linxia Prefecture. (2) Thirteen ecological pinch points and seventeen ecological barrier points have been identified, concentrated in the central and southwestern regions of Linxia Prefecture. (3) Based on the characteristics and urgency of key areas for Territorial Ecological Restoration, they are classified and graded as “point-line-surface” and “primary-very important-important.” The primary restoration areas of the point type are mainly located in the central part of Linxia Prefecture, while the primary restoration areas of the line and plane types are mainly in the southwestern part of Linxia Prefecture. This paper emphasizing a holistic approach that prioritizes ecosystem integrity and social support to guide targeted restoration strategies across various ecological features, ultimately aiming for sustainable regional development and maximizing restoration benefits in ecologically fragile areas.
ExaWorks software development kit: a robust and scalable collection of interoperable workflows technologies
Authors: Turilli Matteo , Hategan-Marandiuc Mihael , Titov Mikhail , Maheshwari Ketan , Alsaadi Aymen , Merzky Andre , Arambula Ramon , Zakharchanka Mikhail , Cowan Matt , Wozniak Justin M. , Wilke Andreas , Kilic Ozgur Ozan , Chard Kyle , Ferreira da Silva Rafael , Jha Shantenu , Laney Daniel
Published: October 2024

Scientific discovery increasingly requires executing heterogeneous scientific workflows on high-performance computing (HPC) platforms. Heterogeneous workflows contain different types of tasks (e.g., simulation, analysis, and learning) that need to be mapped, scheduled, and launched on different computing. That requires a software stack that enables users to code their workflows and automate resource management and workflow execution. Currently, there are many workflow technologies with diverse levels of robustness and capabilities, and users face difficult choices of software that can effectively and efficiently support their use cases on HPC machines, especially when considering the latest exascale platforms. We contributed to addressing this issue by developing the ExaWorks Software Development Kit (SDK). The SDK is a curated collection of workflow technologies engineered following current best practices and specifically designed to work on HPC platforms. We present our experience with (1) curating those technologies, (2) integrating them to provide users with new capabilities, (3) developing a continuous integration platform to test the SDK on DOE HPC platforms, (4) designing a dashboard to publish the results of those tests, and (5) devising an innovative documentation platform to help users to use those technologies. Our experience details the requirements and the best practices needed to curate workflow technologies, and it also serves as a blueprint for the capabilities and services that DOE will have to offer to support a variety of scientific heterogeneous workflows on the newly available exascale HPC platforms.
Mycobacterium w - a promising immunotherapeutic intervention for diseases
Authors: Stefan Kirsten , Gordon Ryan , Rolig Annah , Honkala Alexander , Tailor Dhanir , Davis Lara E. , Modi Rajiv I. , Joshipura Manjul , Khamar Bakulesh , Malhotra Sanjay V.
Published: October 2024

Immunomodulating agents interact with the immune system and alter the outcome of specific immune processes. As our understanding of the immune system continues to evolve, there is a growing effort to identify agents with immunomodulating applications to use therapeutically to treat various diseases. Mycobacterium w (Mw), a heat-killed mycobacterium, is an atypical mycobacterial species that possesses strong immunomodulatory properties. Mw was initially evaluated as an immune-therapeutic against leprosy, but since then Mw has generated a lot of interest and been studied for therapeutic applications across a host of diseases, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous pericarditis, sepsis, lung cancer, and more. This article summarizes a large body of work published in the past five decades, describing various aspects of Mw and its potential for further therapeutic development.
Potential for material valorization of composites (glass fiber in polyester resin) in concrete: performance evaluation on mortar
Authors: Zambon Agnès , Deleglise-Lagardere Mylène
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Glass fibers with polyester resin structural composites are highly sought after in many sectors such as transportation industries, thanks to their low density and fairly good mechanical properties. However, their end-of-life management is not yet satisfactory. Composites mostly end in energy recovery in the best-case scenario or, worse, in landfills. Transformation into shreds and powders for reuse as a new source of raw material for the construction sector (concrete) is an economically and environmentally attractive recovery solution. The present study investigates the development of a concrete filled with glass/polyester composite shreds.

Methods

To this end, rheological (cone spread) and physico-mechanical (density and mechanical strength in flexion and compression) characterization tests were carried out. Several mix designs were tested in order to understand the impact of introducing composite shreds as a substitute for sand. Composite shreds were introduced in the following ratios by volume: 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 7% with water and cement ratio equal to 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7.

Results and discussion

The results obtained indicate that workability decreases with the substitution of sand by shreds. For a substitution of sand by shreds of 2%, it is relatively small, and the pouring of the mortar is still feasible. The decrease can be attributed to the water absorption of the composite shreds. Concerning mechanical results, for formulations with a substitution percentage of composite shreds lower than 3%, the mechanical strength (both compression test and flexure test) is slightly higher than that of the reference sample. The increase in compressive strength that can be observed is at its maximum, equal to 10%, compared to that of the reference sample. These results are in line with density results, which are also slightly higher than that of the reference sample. This effect can be attributed to water absorption of composite shreds and the filling effect of the powders. For a percentage of substitution equal to 7%, the mechanical strength is lower than that of the reference sample (30% decrease), with a compressive strength equal to 33 MPa (47 MPa for the reference sample). For this percentage of substitution equal to 7%, a decrease in density is also observed (6% decrease) and can be explained by the porosity created by the incorporation of the composite shreds into the mortar.
Differences in cell subsets between sun-exposed and unexposed skin: preliminary single-cell sequencing and biological analysis from a single case
Authors: Zhou Feng , Sun Yu , Chen Xinling , Hou Wenyi , Shen Jing , Lai Wei , Han Kai , Zheng Yue
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The composition and subsets of skin cells continuously change in a dynamic manner. However, the specific microcosmic alterations of human photoaged skin, independent of chronologic aging, remain unclear and have been infrequently analyzed. This study aimed to evaluate the biological processes and mechanisms underlying cell-subgroup alterations in skin photoaging.

Methods

We utilized single-cell sequencing and biological analysis from a single case to investigate the effects of photoaging. Skin punch biopsies were taken from sun-exposed forearm skin and unexposed buttock skin from the same individual for comparative analysis.

Results

Our analysis identified 25 cell clusters and 12 skin cell types, revealing significant changes in unique gene expressions between the sun-exposed and unexposed skin samples. A comparison of cell numbers within each cluster revealed 9 dominant cell clusters in sun-exposed skin and 16 dominant cell clusters in unexposed skin. Enrichment analysis indicated that PD-L1 expression and the PD-1 checkpoint pathway were more prominent in sun-exposed skin, while MAPK, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and apoptosis pathways were more enriched in hair follicle cells of sun-exposed skin.

Discussion

This study reveals changes in cell components in photoaged skin from a single case and provides novel insights into cellular subpopulations and pathology during repeated UVA-induced skin damage. These findings enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between different cells in photoaged skin and offer potential targets for preventing human skin photoaging and UV-induced skin cancers.
Reevaluating vitamin C in sepsis and septic shock: a potential benefit in severe cases?
Authors: Alissa Abdulrahman , Alrashed Mohammed A. , Alshaya Abdulrahman I. , Al Sulaiman Khalid , Alharbi Shmeylan
Published: October 2024

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) has evolved as an emergent co-intervention for sepsis and septic shock patients. Multiple studies discussed the pathophysiological value of vitamin C to reserve endothelial functionality and improve microcirculatory flow in these patients. Nevertheless, most randomized clinical trials failed to show the clinical impact of adding vitamin C to sepsis and septic shock. Pneumonia is the most common infection to induce sepsis and septic shock, which could be an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Preliminary in-vitro data support the role of vitamin C in mitigating the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) development. This review aims to compare and contrast these trials and explore differences in their patients’ populations, methodologies, and outcomes, emphasizing pneumonia-induced sepsis and septic shock.
Screening for probiotic properties and potential immunogenic effects of lactobacilli strains isolated from various food products
Authors: Kowalczyk Magdalena , Radziwill-Bienkowska Joanna M. , Marć Małgorzata A. , Jastrząb Rafał , Mytych Jennifer , Siedlecki Paweł , Szczepankowska Agnieszka K.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Deceleration of disease progression and re-establishment of microbial balance in the gut is often achieved by application of lactobacilli strains. Their beneficial effects are associated with probiotic properties, which may be accompanied by immunomodulatory action at mucosal surfaces.

Methods

To single out such strains, we screened almost three hundred lactobacilli isolates from eight genera and various food sources for acid and bile salt tolerance, adhesion to mucin as well as hemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility. Moreover, the immunomodulatory effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) fractions of five lactobacilli strains were assessed using an in vitro cell line model.

Results and discussion

By our rationalized selection approach, we identified thirty-five strains with probiotic potential and biosafety features. Additionally, we showed that CFS from the Lactiplantibacillus L_4 strain downregulates proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-1β. In contrast, IL-8 expression was found to increase after treatment with CFSs of Lactiplantibacillus L_2 and L_5 and IL-1β was upregulated by CFSs of Lactiplantibacillus L_1 and Lactiplantibacillus L_3. Overall, our result delineate a rational approach of selecting lactobacilli strains for probiotic development to support the gut microbiota equilibrium and reinforce the host immune system.
Association between two common SNPs, rs6564851 and rs6420424, and lutein and zeaxanthin levels in a cohort of US postmenopausal women with a family history of breast cancer
Authors: Von Holle Ann , Shi Min , O'Brien Katie M. , Weinberg Clarice R. , Sandler Dale P. , Park Yong-Moon Mark
Published: October 2024

A better understanding of the factors contributing to systemic concentrations of carotenoids is necessary given the weak correlations between circulating levels and dietary intake of carotenoids. Although genetic variation may play a key role in the interindividual variability in carotenoid concentrations, few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have focused on carotenoids. We used a random sample (n = 519) of postmenopausal participants in the Sister Study with data on genotypes and plasma carotenoid levels to conduct GWAS for each of five carotenoids (mcg/mL): alpha-carotene, beta- carotene, cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin. We used linear regression models and an additive genetic model to evaluate associations between 371,532 variants and inverse normal transformed carotenoid concentrations. We found evidence for one genome-wide statistically significant association with the combined carotenoids of lutein and zeaxanthin for rs6564851-C (beta = −0.377, se = 0.059, p = 4.6×10−10) and rs6420424-A (beta = −0.334, se = 0.059, p = 2.2×10−8), upstream of beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) gene on chromosome 16. No other variant was associated with any of the remaining four carotenoids. Our results for the common rs6564851 and rs6420424 variants correspond to previous findings. Although biologic mechanisms explain the association between beta-carotene and the variants, the inverse association with lutein/zeaxanthin will require further investigation.