bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Einfluss der Rührwerksposition auf den Mischprozess in Biogasanlagen anhand eines Paddelrührwerks
Authors: Annas Sven , Elfering Michael , Volbert Nico , Jantzen Hans‐Arno , Scholz Jürgen , Janoske Uwe
Published: May 2019

Die Auslegung und Optimierung von Rührsystemen in Biogasanlagen erfolgt nach wie vor auf Basis empirischer Erfahrungswerte. Mithilfe der particle image velocimetry (PIV) wurde das Strömungsfeld eines Paddelrührwerks unter dem Einfluss der Einbaulage und der Fluidviskosität im Labormaßstab untersucht. Dabei wurden die Viskositätseigenschaften von Fermentersuspensionen mithilfe eines Rohrviskosimeters bestimmt. Über Maßstabsgesetze konnten die Viskositätseigenschaften der Modellsuspensionen für den Versuch angepasst werden. Als Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass eine geänderte Einbaulage Totzonen um bis zu 55 % reduzieren kann.
Multitalent für die Prozessmedien‐Analyse
Authors: Casonato Ketty
Published: May 2019

Vom digitalen Messsensor über die automatisierte Datenerfassung und analyse bis zur Cloud‐basierten Ferndiagnostik treibt Knick die Entwicklung der Analysenmesstechnik im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 voran. So ist die jüngste Generation seiner Stratos‐Analysenmessgeräte für Memosens‐, digitale sowie analoge Sensoren mit zahlreichen neuen Features auf den flexiblen Einsatz in allen Anwendungen eingestellt. Die 2‐Kanal‐Transmitter ermöglichen die freie Kombination von Parametern zur pH‐, Redox , Leitfähigkeits‐ und Sauerstoffmessung und verfügen über zusätzliche Kommunikationsschnittstellen zur Datenübertragung via Profinet und Ethernet.
Medienwechsel präzise erkennen
Authors: Faustmann Heiko
Published: May 2019

Bei der Lebensmittel‐ und Getränkeherstellung gilt es, strenge Qualitäts‐ und Hygienerichtlinien einzuhalten. Deshalb müssen Produktionsanlagen bei Chargen‐ oder Produktwechsel regelmäßig gereinigt werden. Der Produktionsprozess soll gleichzeitig aber möglichst effizient durchgeführt werden. Der Flowave‐Durchflussmesser von Bürkert Fluid Control Systems bietet nun erweiterte Funktionen, mit denen sich unter anderem äußerst schnell und präzise Medienwechsel erkennen lassen. So können Produktionsschritte klar voneinander getrennt und Ausschuss verringert werden, ohne die Hygiene zu beeinträchtigen.
Ausfallsicher und ökonomisch und ökologisch fördern
Authors: van Dorp Annette
Published: May 2019

In der chemischen Industrie sind die Anforderungen an den Pumpeneinsatz besonders hoch. Gerade die Förderung von Säuren, Laugen oder toxischen, korrosiven oder gashaltigen Lösungen stellt hohe Ansprüche an das Pumpensystem. Zusätzlich erschweren hohe Temperaturen oder Feststoffe im Medium den Einsatz. Solche Bedingungen führen in der Praxis regelmäßig zu Schäden, wenn Standardkreiselpumpen die Akteure sind. Bei der Pumpenauswahl sollte eine sichere und störungsfreie Förderung im Vordergrund stehen. Deshalb ist hier die hermetisch dichte Spezialkreiselpumpe MPCHDryRun die erste Wahl.
Genaue Kontrolle
Authors: Schmitz Dirk
Published: May 2019

Die neuen Grundfos DID „plug & measure“‐Systeme sind die perfekte Kombination von hochmodernen digitalen Modbus Sensoren für unterschiedlichste Parameter mit einem Auswerte‐ und Regelterminal (CU382) zur Verwendung mit Grundfos Smart Digital Dosierpumpen, Gasdosiersystemen oder In‐situ‐Biozidsystemen.
Auf den Punkt genau
Authors: Kirschbauer Volker
Published: May 2019

Aufgrund ihrer Eigenschaft, in unterschiedlichen Stoffen löslich zu sein, kommen Emulgatoren häufig zum Einsatz, wenn miteinander nicht mischbare Komponenten vermengt werden sollen. Um eine geeignete Mischung zu erzielen, wird der reine, hochkonzentrierte Emulgator im Vorfeld auf Gebrauchsstärke verdünnt. Mischanlagen zur Herstellung eines Emulgators müssen vor allem eine hohe Dosiergenauigkeit aufweisen. Da der bisherige, manuelle Prozess dies nicht in ausreichendem Maß sicherstellen konnte, wandte sich ein international operierender Chemiekonzern an die Experten von Lewa. Deren Dosieranlagen sind mit Durchflussmessern ausgestattet, die fortlaufend den geforderten Verdünnungsgrad von 20 % überprüfen.
Luminescent Metallo‐Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Zheng Bo , Hou Yali , Gao Lingyan , Zhang Mingming
Published: May 2019

Luminescent metallo‐supramolecular polymers are a type of functional supramolecular architectures which integrates the advantages of emission, metal‐coordination, supramolecular chemistry as well as polymeric properties to realize advanced functions. Due to the abundant stimuli‐responsiveness of supramolecular assemblies and the light‐emitting properties, they have been widely applied as chemo‐sensors, light‐emitting devices, contrast agents for bio‐imaging, etc. In this review, we classify luminescent metallo‐supramolecular polymers based on the types of species (lanthanides, organometallic compounds, oligomer or polymer‐based ligands, small‐molecule‐based organic ligands) used to generate the luminescence and summarize recent developments of luminescent metallo‐supramolecular polymers. We mainly focus on the functions and applications of luminescent metallo‐supramolecular polymers and hope to give our reader a snapshot of research on luminescent metallo‐supramolecular polymers and encourage more scientists to devote into this promising area.
On‐Surface Assembly of Au‐Dicyanoanthracene Coordination Structures on Au(111)
Authors: Yan Linghao , Pohjavirta Ilona , Alldritt Benjamin , Liljeroth Peter
Published: May 2019

On‐surface metal‐organic coordination provides a promising way for synthesizing different two‐dimensional lattice structures that have been predicted to possess exotic electronic properties. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), we studied the supramolecular self‐assembly of 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene (DCA) molecules on the Au(111) surface. Close‐packed islands of DCA molecules and Au‐DCA metal‐organic coordination structures coexist on the Au(111) surface. Ordered DCA3Au2 metal‐organic networks have a structure combining a honeycomb lattice of Au atoms with a kagome lattice of DCA molecules. Low‐temperature STS experiments demonstrate the presence of a delocalized electronic state containing contributions from both the gold atom states and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the DCA molecules. These findings are important for the future search of topological phases in metal‐organic networks combining honeycomb and kagome lattices with strong spin‐orbit coupling in heavy metal atoms.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol by Iron Tetradentate Phosphine Complex Through Amidation Strategy
Authors: Bi Jiaojiao , Hou Pengfei , Liu Fang‐Wei , Kang Peng
Published: May 2019

The iron complex of tetradentate tris[2‐(diphenylphosphino) ethyl]phosphine (PP3), [Fe(PP3)(MeCN)2](BF4)2, was able to electrocatalytically reduce CO2 to formate with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of approximately 97.3 % in acetonitrile. Upon addition of diethylamine as a cocatalyst, electrocatalytic reduction to methanol was achieved with an FE of 68.5 %, and other products were formamide and formate. A mechanistic study suggested that the [FeH(PP3)](BF4) hydride complex was the active species in the electrocatalysis. Added amine as cocatalyst could react with CO2 to form carbamate, which could then be reduced to formamide and further to methanol. By contrast, free CO2 could only be reduced to formate as the end‐product.
Duo triangle‐shaped rectangular microstrip‐fed patch antennas input and output parameters investigation
Authors: Bodo Régine , Mbinack Clément , Eyébé Fouda Jean‐Sire Armand , Tonye Emmanuel
Published: May 2019

Conventional rectangular microstrip‐fed patch antennas are initially investigated numerically within the frequency band 2.0 to 2.8 GHz for Wi‐Fi applications. In order to enhance the input parameters of the underlying antennas, three prototypes are designed. A split is diagonally loaded on a conventional radiating patch to achieve a duo triangle‐shaped microstrip‐fed patch antenna in the first step. The conducting ground plane of the conventional and the duo triangle‐shaped patches is modified to design the microstrip‐fed monopole and duo triangle‐shaped monopole antennas in the second and third steps, respectively, within the frequency band of 2.0 to 7.0 GHz. Concepts of voltage and current waves as well as classical electrostatics approach solutions are used to, respectively, investigate the return loss bandwidth and the electric field radiation pattern of the proposed antennas. Numerical simulations show some relevant antenna performances such as a triple‐band, a −10‐dB return loss bandwidth of 29%, a gain of 7.5 dB, and a calculated half power beam width of 120° in E‐plane.
Hyaluronic acid induced foreign body reaction mimicking neoplastic parotid cytology
Authors: Davis Adam , Basu Devraj , Suyash Mohan , Jalaly Jalal B.
Published: May 2019

Masses near the angle of the mandible containing extracellular matrix or mucin on cytology raise concern for various benign and malignant parotid gland neoplasms. Here a 76‐year‐old female with a history of cosmetic hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injections presented with a painless 6 mm left sided facial mass. Injection of hyaluronidase into the mass had failed to cause regression, raising concern for a neoplastic process. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) showed amorphous, mucinous/extracellular matrix‐like material in a background of numerous histiocytes and occasional multinucleated giant cells, consistent with a foreign body giant cell reaction to HA. This uncommon reaction to HA filler creates previously unrecognized diagnostic pitfalls because of its resemblance on FNA to the extracellular matrix or mucin found in many salivary neoplasms.
Cooperative Organocatalysis: A Systematic Investigation of Covalently Linked Organophosphoric Acids for the Stereoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Quinolines
Authors: Thölke Simon , Zhu Hui , Jansen Dennis , Octa‐Smolin Frescilia , Thiele Maike , Kaupmees Karl , Leito Ivo , Grimme Stefan , Niemeyer Jochen
Published: May 2019

A series of covalently linked bis‐ and trisphosphoric acids was investigated for their application in the stereoselective transfer‐hydrogenation of quinolines. In a combined experimental and theoretical study, it was found that the number and relative positioning of the chiral 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐phosphoric acid groups strongly influences the stereoselectivity of the reaction, based on two competing reaction mechanisms. While a single 3‐monosubstituted phosphoric acid moiety gives rise to little enantioselectivity, correct positioning of two phosphoric acids allows a cooperative mechanism, resulting in significantly higher stereoselectivities.
Capability of polygonum cuspidatum extract in inhibiting AGEs and preventing diabetes
Authors: Sheng Zhanwu , Ai Binling , Zheng Lili , Zheng Xiaoyan , Yang Yang , Shen Yixiao
Published: May 2019

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder disease associated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and protein glycation. The effect of polygonum cuspidatum extract (PE) on AGEs and Nε‐(Carboxymethyl)‐L‐lysine formation, protein glycation, and diabetes was investigated. Six primary phenolics in a range of 12.36 mg/g for ellagic acid to 0.01 mg/g for piceid were determined in PE. In an intermediate‐moisture‐foods model, inhibition rate of PE was as high as 54.2% for AGEs and 78.9% for CML under aw 0.75. The protein glycation was also inhibited by PE. In a diabetic rat model, the levels of blood glucose, serum malondialdehyde, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low‐density lipoproteins were effectively reduced by PE treatment. The antioxidation capacity (T‐AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also mediated by PE. Additionally, the activates of liver function‐related enzymes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in diabetic rat were improved by PE.
Optimization of deacidification for concentrated grape juice
Authors: Li Ning , Wei Yue , Li Xuemeng , Wang Jiahui , Zhou Jiaqian , Wang Jie
Published: May 2019

Excessive organic acids in grape juice will not only result in poor taste but will also cause turbidity and sedimentation. Tartaric acid exerts the most significant acidity among all organic acids in grape juice. In this study, we used tartaric acid as the main target and anion‐exchange resin to remove tartaric acid from concentrated grape juice. Factors influencing the removal process were optimized by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and statistical analysis for optimal deacidification of concentrated grape juice. Use of the anion‐exchange resin 335 treat the concentrated grape juice at a ratio of 1:6 (2:11.98) at 15.57°C for 4.35 hr. The tartaric acid removal rate reached 69.01%; the anion‐exchange resin 335 demonstrated the best removal effect.
Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC01‐fermented soybean milk on activated carbon‐induced constipation through its antioxidant activity in mice
Authors: Liu Bihui , Xiao Xiao , Zhou Xianrong , Zhou Jie , Lan Lingxia , Long Xingyao , Pan Yanni , Du Muying , Zhao Xin
Published: May 2019

A newly found strain, Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC01 (LP‐CQPC01), was used for soybean milk fermentation, and its effects against constipation were determined. LP‐CQPC01‐FSM (LP‐CQPC01‐fermented soybean milk) was found to have six kinds of soybean isoflavones; the isoflavones of LP‐CQPC01‐FSM were more than those of Lactobacillus bulgaricus‐fermented soybean milk (LB‐FSM) and unfermented soybean milk (U‐FSM). Animal experiment showed that the MTL, Gas, ET, AchE, SP, VIP, and GSH levels in the constipated mice were increased; however, the SS, MPO, NO, and MDA levels in the constipated mice were reduced by soybean milk treatment. Further, LP‐CQPC01‐FSM increased the mRNA and protein expression of Cu/Zn‐SOD, Mn‐SOD, CAT, c‐Kit, SCF, and GDNF and reduced the expression of TRPV1 and NOS relative to those of the mice with untreated constipation. LP‐CQPC01 could be used as a new starter to produce high‐quality soybean milk, which might be used as a functional drink.
Treatment of Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms in accelerated/blastic phase with azacytidine. Clinical results and identification of prognostic factors
Authors: Andriani Alessandro , Elli Elena , Trapè Giulio , Villivà Nicoletta , Fianchi Luana , Di Veroli Ambra , Niscola Pasquale , Centra Antonia , Anaclerico Barbara , Montanaro Guido , Martini Vincenza , Aroldi Andrea , Carmosino Ida , Voso Maria Teresa , Breccia Massimo , Montanaro Marco , Foà Roberto , Latagliata Roberto
Published: May 2019

There have been some reports on a possible role of azacytidine (AZA) in the treatment of accelerated/blastic phase evolved from Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN‐AP/BP), but results are conflicting. In this study, we analyzed a cohort of 39 patients with MPN‐AP/BP treated frontline with AZA at the standard dosage (75 mg/m2). Median time from diagnosis to AP/BP evolution was 92.3 months (IR 29.9‐180.1). All patients were evaluable for hematologic response: two patients (5.2%) died early after AZA initiation, 13 patients (33.3%) had a progressive or stable disease, nine (23.1%) had a hematologic improvement (HI), seven (17.9%) achieved a partial response (PR), and eight (20.5%) a complete response (CR). Overall, 24 patients achieved a clinical hematologic response (HI + PR + CR), with an overall response rate of 61.5%. Median overall survival (OS) from AZA start of the whole cohort was 13.5 months (95% CI, 8.2‐18.7). There was no difference in median OS among patients with HI, PR, or CR (P = .908). These three subgroups as “responders” having been considered, a significantly better OS was observed in responder compared with nonresponder patients, with a median OS of 17.6 months (95% CI, 10.1‐25.0) versus 4.1 months (95% CI, 0.4‐10.0) (P = .001) Only female gender was significant for both achievement of response (.010) and OS duration (P = .002). In conclusion, AZA is useful for the management of MPN‐AP/BP, with an overall response rate (HI + PR + CR) of 61.5% and a longer OS in responders.
HSP70/HSF1 axis, regulated via a PI3K/AKT pathway, is a druggable target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Frezzato Federica , Raggi Flavia , Martini Veronica , Severin Filippo , Trimarco Valentina , Visentin Andrea , Scomazzon Edoardo , Accordi Benedetta , Bresolin Silvia , Piazza Francesco , Facco Monica , Basso Giuseppe , Semenzato Gianpietro , Trentin Livio
Published: May 2019

Considering the role played by the heat shock protein of 70 kDa (HSP70) in cancer, we characterized this protein and its major regulator, the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We found both HSP70 and HSF1 overexpressed in CLL patients, correlated to poor prognosis and abnormally localized in the nucleus of leukemic B cells. The two proteins were strictly correlated each other and their levels decreased consensually in those patients responding to in vivo therapeutic regimens. HSP70 and HSF1 inhibition was proved to be effective in inducing a dose‐dependent in vitro apoptosis of CLL B cells. Considering that HSF1 is finely regulated by kinases belonging to pathways triggered by rat sarcoma (RAS), we benefited from a previous proteomic study performed in CLL patients aiming to assess the activation/expression of key signaling proteins. We found that patients showing high levels of HSP70 also expressed high Akt‐Ser473, thus activating HSF1. Inhibition of PI3K, which activates AKT, reduced the expression of HSF1 and HSP70. By contrast, HSP70‐low patients displayed high activation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, known to negatively regulate HSF1. These data demonstrate that the HSP70 expression is regulated by the modulation of HSF1 activity through the activation of RAS‐regulated pathways and suggest the HSP70/HSF1 interplay as an interesting target for antileukemic therapies. Finally, inhibition of PI3K, that activates AKT, reduced the expression of HSF1 and HSP70.
Chitosan biopolymer‐derived self‐powered triboelectric sensor with optimized performance through molecular surface engineering and data‐driven learning
Authors: Ma Chenxiang , Gao Shengjie , Gao Xinqi , Wu Min , Wang Ruoxing , Wang Yixiu , Tang Zhiyuan , Fan Fengru , Wu Wenxuan , Wan Hong , Wu Wenzhuo
Published: May 2019

The state‐of‐the‐art triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are constructed with synthetic polymers, curtailing their application prospects and relevance in sustainable technologies. The economically viable transformation and engineering of naturally abundant materials into efficient TENGs for mechanical energy harvesting is meaningful not only for fundamental scientific exploration, but also for addressing societal needs. Being an abundant natural biopolymer, chitosan enables exciting opportunity for low‐cost, biodegradable TENG applications. However, the electrical outputs of chitosan‐based TENGs are low compared with the devices built with synthetic polymers. Here, we explore the facile molecular surface engineering in chitosan to significantly boost the performance of chitosan‐based TENG for enabling the practical applications, for example, self‐powered car speed sensor. The molecular surface engineering offers a potentially promising scheme for designing and implementing high‐performance biopolymer‐based TENGs for self‐powered nanosystems in sustainable technologies. We further explore for the first time the feasibility of data mining approaches to analyze and learn the acquired triboelectric signals from the car speed sensors and predict the relationship between the triboelectric signals and car speed values.
Effects of metastasectomy and other factors on survival of patients with ovarian metastases from gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Chao , Hou Wenbin , Huang Jinyu , Yin Songcheng , Wang Pengliang , Zhang Zhe , Tan Yuen , Xu Huimian
Published: May 2019

Ovarian metastasis from gastric cancer (Krukenberg tumor [KT]) has no consensus treatment and the role of surgical treatment is still controversial. Identifying prognostic factors for KT could help guide the management of this tumor. We used a meta‐analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of metastasectomy and other factors in patients with KT to develop a treatment plan. We searched literature in PubMed, Cochrane library and EMBASE. We analyzed hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with respect to overall survival (OS). The meta‐analysis included 12 cohort studies with 1,031 patients associated with longer OS following metastasectomy (HR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.32–0.53; P < 0.001), R0 resection (HR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.26–0.53; P < 0.001), metachronous ovarian metastasis (HR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.58–0.93; P = 0.012), size of KT (<5 cm) (HR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.58–0.95; P = 0.019), ECOG PS (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status) 0 to 1 (HR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.29–0.80; P  = 0.004), tumor confined to ovary (HR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.16–0.99; P  = 0.047), and tumor confined to pelvic cavity (HR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.14–0.92; P  = 0.033). Shorter OS was associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis (HR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.25–3.21; P  = 0.004), ascites (HR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.19–2.31; P  = 0.003) and positive CEA (HR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.10–1.82; P  = 0.007). Gastrectomy led to a slight improvement in OS, but without statistical significance (HR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.47–1.02; P  = 0.061). No significant difference in OS was observed in patients with signet‐ring cells (HR = 1.17; 95% CI = 0.91–1.51; P  = 0.226), bilateral ovarian metastasis (HR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.70–1.08; P  = 0.212), age ≥ 50 years (HR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.71–1.22; P  = 0.619), positive CA19‐9 (HR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.75–1.35; P  = 0.960), and positive CA‐125 (HR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.73–1.33; P  = 0.915). Various factors affect OS in patients with KT.
A seven‐long noncoding RNA signature predicts relapse in patients with early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Huihui , Zhang Hongwei , Chen Juan , Cao Jiangbo , Liu Lin , Guo Cheng , Huang Ge , Zeng Danli
Published: May 2019

Background

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been increasingly reported to play crucial roles in cancer development. In this study, we aim to develop a lncRNA‐based signature to predict the relapse of early‐stage (stage I‐II) lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods

With a lncRNA‐mining strategy, lncRNA expression profiles of three LUAD cohorts were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A risk score model was established based on the lncRNAs expression from training set (GSE31210, n = 204) and further validated in two independent testing sets (GSE50081, n = 124; and GSE30219, n = 84). The potential signaling pathways modulated by the prognostic lncRNAs were explored using bioinformatics analysis.

Results

In the training set, seven lncRNAs were identified to be significantly correlated with the relapse‐free survival (RFS) of early‐stage LUAD, and were then aggregated to form a seven‐lncRNA prognostic signature to classify patients into high‐risk and low‐risk groups. Individuals of training set in the high‐risk group exhibited a poorer RFS than those in the low‐risk group (HR: 7.574, 95% CI: 4.165‐13.775; P < 0.001). The similar prognostic powers of the seven‐lncRNA signature were also achieved in the two independent testing sets and in stratified analysis. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that the prognostic value of seven‐lncRNA signature was independent of other clinical features. Functional enrichment analysis found that the seven‐lncRNA signature may be involved in biological pathways such as cell cycle, DNA replication, and p53 signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that the seven‐lncRNA signature may be an innovative biomarker to predict the relapse of early‐stage LUAD.
Biomass production and nutrients removal from non‐sterile municipal wastewater and cattle farm wastewater inoculated with Chlorococcum sp. GD
Authors: Lv Junping , Wang Xuechun , Feng Jia , Liu Qi , Nan Fangru , Liu Xudong , Xie Shulian
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Although microalgae had been widely used in wastewater treatment, the treatment efficiency is affected by the carbon limitation of the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio in wastewater. In the present study, the performance on nutrients removal and biomass production was investigated when Chlorococcum sp. GD was inoculated into non‐sterile municipal wastewater and cattle farm wastewater.

RESULTS

Although wastewater had indigenous microalgae and bacteria, microalgae could grow and the growth of indigenous bacteria was inhibited when exogenous Chlorococcum sp. GD was inoculated into non‐sterile municipal wastewater and cattle farm wastewater. Nevertheless, both biomass production and nutrients removal were relatively low due to the low C/N ratio in both wastewaters. When sodium acetate was supplemented to both wastewaters in the late exponential growth stage, biomass production and nutrients removal were enhanced. Moreover, the lipid accumulation from microalgal cells grown in municipal wastewater and cattle farm wastewater were 33.2% and 20.9%, respectively. Linoleic and linolenic acids accounted for 47.64 to 56.41% of the total fatty acids, and were in great demand for dietary supplements and aquacultures.

CONCLUSION

Chlorococcum sp. GD could be a potential candidate for bioremediation of both wastewaters. The exponential sodium acetate feeding would be an efficient approach for enhancing biomass production and nutrients removal efficiency from wastewater with a low C/N ratio. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Conformational and functional effects of MPA‐CdTe quantum dots on SOD: Evaluating the mechanism of oxidative stress induced by quantum dots in the mouse nephrocytes
Authors: Hao Minglu , Liu Rutao
Published: May 2019

The application of quantum dots (QDs) is restricted by the biosafety issue. QDs contribute to the adverse effects of organisms probably because of the ability to induce oxidative stress via changing the activity of antioxidant enzyme, for example, superoxide dismutase (SOD). But the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. This study investigated the harmful effects of oxidative stress induced by mercaptopropionic acid capped CdTe QDs (MPA‐CdTe QDs) on the mouse primary nephrocytes as well as the structure and function of SOD molecule and explored the underlying molecular mechanism. After 24‐hour MPA‐CdTe QD exposure, the activation level of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and cysteinyl‐directed aspartate‐specific proteases (Caspases) significantly increased, which led to the increasing level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis; the group pretreated with ROS scavenger N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) significantly reduced the apoptotic cell percentage, indicating that ROS played a critical role in QD‐induced cytotoxicity. Further molecular experiments showed that the interacting processes between the MPA‐CdTe QDs and SOD were spontaneous which changed the conformation, secondary structure of SOD. The interaction significantly resulted in the tightening of polypeptide chains and the shrinkage of SOD, leading to the inhibition of molecular SOD activity. This study demonstrates the adverse effects of QDs, revealing their potential risk in biomedical applications.
Gold organosols for multicomponent surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis of paintings
Authors: Kulakovich Olga , Shabunya‐Klyachkovskaya Elena , Trotsiuk Liudmila , Matsukovich Anna , Korza Yauheniya
Published: May 2019

The methods for the synthesis of gold sols in chloroform have been developed. The efficiency of gold organic sol for studying real objects of painting and its advantage over traditional hydrosol was demonstrated. A new practical application of gold organosols is proposed—the use for analysis of paintings by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering that can help to identify the dyes and hydrophobic binders in one probe. In practice, the application of metallic organosols makes possible to substantially simplify the procedure for sample preparation. It was also shown that the intensity of the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy bands and the signal‐to‐noise ratios is improved with organosols in comparison with hydrosol. These results can contribute in the long term to the development of nondestructive approach to the analysis of works of painting.
Salvage open partial horizontal laryngectomy after failed radiotherapy: A multicentric study
Authors: Bertolin Andy , Lionello Marco , Ghizzo Marco , Cena Isida , Leone Federico , Valerini Sara , Mattioli Francesco , Crosetti Erika , Presutti Livio , Succo Giovanni , Rizzotto Giuseppe
Published: May 2019

Objectives

The primary aim of the present study was to report our multi‐institutional experience in surgical salvage with open partial horizontal laryngectomies (OPHL) after failed radiotherapy (RT) for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Secondary aims were to analyze the prognostic meaning of the main clinical and pathological parameters in relation to the oncologic outcome and to compare our results with the available literature.

Study Design

A retrospective multicenter analysis of surgical oncological outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively review the clinical charts of 70 recurrent LSCC patients after primary RT failure undergone salvage OPHL.

Results

At last follow‐up, 46 patients (65%) were disease‐free; six (9%) were alive with disease; nine (12%) died because of the disease; and nine (12%) died without evidence of disease. The final local control, overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and laryngectomy‐free survival were 87%, 75%, 87%, and 91%, respectively. Twelve patients (17%) experienced postoperative complications, whereas 18 patients (25%) experienced late sequelae. In five patients (7%), decannulation was not possible because of postoperative laryngeal stenosis.

Conclusion

In selected patients, when proper selection criteria for conservation laryngeal surgery are adopted, OPHL can be considered for salvage after RT failure.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 130:431–436, 2020
The first omitting cardinal for Magidority
Authors: Garti Shimon , Hayut Yair
Published: May 2019

An infinite cardinal λ is Magidor if and only if . It is known that if λ is Magidor then for some , and the first such α is denoted by . In this paper we try to understand some of the properties of . We prove that can be the successor of a supercompact cardinal, when λ is a Magidor cardinal. From this result we obtain the consistency of being a successor of a singular cardinal with uncountable cofinality.
Inhibition of cyclin E1 overcomes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by Mcl‐1 degradation
Authors: Liang Huaxin , Chen Zhuo , Sun Libo
Published: May 2019

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the major causes of brain cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an important agent against GBM. Acquired TMZ‐resistance severely limits the chemotherapeutic effect and leads to poor GBM patient survival. To study the underlying mechanism of drug resistance, two TMZ resistant GBM cell lines, A172 and U87, were generated. In this study, the TMZ resistant cells have less apoptosis and cell‐cycle change in response to the TMZ treatment. Western blot results revealed that cyclin E1 was upregulation in TMZ resistant cells. Inhibition or depletion of cyclin E1 re‐sensitized the resistant cells to the TMZ treatment, which indicated the induction of cyclin E1 is the cause of TMZ resistance in GBM cells. Furthermore, we also found the expression of cyclin E1 stabilized the expression of Mcl‐1, which contributes to the TMZ resistance in GBM cells. Finally, our in vivo xenograft data showed that the combination of flavopiridol, a cyclin E1/CDK2 inhibitor, overcomes the TMZ resistant by inducing higher apoptosis. Overall, our data provided a rationale to overcome the TMZ resistant in GBM treatment by inhibiting the cyclin E1 activity.
A GRAPPA algorithm for arbitrary 2D/3D non‐Cartesian sampling trajectories with rapid calibration
Authors: Luo Tianrui , Noll Douglas C. , Fessler Jeffrey A. , Nielsen Jon‐Fredrik
Published: May 2019

Purpose

GRAPPA is a popular reconstruction method for Cartesian parallel imaging, but is not easily extended to non‐Cartesian sampling. We introduce a general and practical GRAPPA algorithm for arbitrary non‐Cartesian imaging.

Methods

We formulate a general GRAPPA reconstruction by associating a unique kernel with each unsampled k‐space location with a distinct constellation, that is, local sampling pattern. We calibrate these generalized kernels using the Fourier transform phase shift property applied to fully gridded or separately acquired Cartesian Autocalibration signal (ACS) data. To handle the resulting large number of different kernels, we introduce a fast calibration algorithm based on nonuniform FFT (NUFFT) and adoption of circulant ACS boundary conditions. We applied our method to retrospectively under‐sampled rotated stack‐of‐stars/spirals in vivo datasets, and to a prospectively under‐sampled rotated stack‐of‐spirals functional MRI acquisition with a finger‐tapping task.

Results

We reconstructed all datasets without performing any trajectory‐specific manual adaptation of the method. For the retrospectively under‐sampled experiments, our method achieved image quality (i.e., error and g‐factor maps) comparable to conjugate gradient SENSE (cg‐SENSE) and SPIRiT. Functional activation maps obtained from our method were in good agreement with those obtained using cg‐SENSE, but required a shorter total reconstruction time (for the whole time‐series): 3 minutes (proposed) vs 15 minutes (cg‐SENSE).

Conclusions

This paper introduces a general 3D non‐Cartesian GRAPPA that is fast enough for practical use on today’s computers. It is a direct generalization of original GRAPPA to non‐Cartesian scenarios. The method should be particularly useful in dynamic imaging where a large number of frames are reconstructed from a single set of ACS data.
An Analysis of the DisplayHDR Compliance Specification and Its DisplayHDR True Black Specification Extension
Authors: Stolitzka Dale
Published: May 2019

The VESA DisplayHDR High‐Performance Monitor and Display Compliance Test Specification, along with its extension for emissive pixel displays–DisplayHDR True Black, create a minimum acceptance level for HDR performance in monitors, notebooks, and all‐in‐one computer products. Here, we examine associated specifications tests, while quantifying performance against the CIECAM02 color appearance and SEMI Perceptual Contrast Length models.
Products on Display at Display Week 2019
Authors:   By The Editorial Staff
Published: May 2019

Display Week shines a spotlight on new and developing displays, display components, and display systems from the industry’s top manufacturers and best ground‐floor start‐ups. Use the pages ahead to get a sneak peek at this year’s exhibition and look for these products and more on the show floor in San Jose.
Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Surgery or More Conservative Management?
Authors: Franklin Gary M. , Evanoff Bradley
Published: May 2019

See article on pages 32–40 in this issue.
Interview mit Markus Rarbach: "Die Qualität der Nebenprodukte"
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: May 2019

Markus Rarbach hat ein Verfahren entwickelt, das aus Stroh biotechnisch Ethanol gewinnt. Eines der Ziele: ein autarker Prozess.
Trendbericht Physikalische Chemie
Authors: Wächtler Maria
Published: May 2019

Wie effizient photokatalytische Wasserstofferzeugung abläuft, hängt von Elektronen‐ und Lochtransferprozessen ab. Diese lassen sich besonders gut an Halbleiternanokristallen untersuchen. Cadmiumchalkogenide liefern die Modellsysteme.
ClF3 – von der „Wunderwaffe“ zum Laborexoten
Authors: Kraus Florian
Published: May 2019

Niemand kommt im Chemiestudium um die Valenzstrichformel von Chlortrifluorid herum – und mehr Gedanken macht sich darüber in der Regel keiner. Dabei birgt der Stoff, den Otto Ruff Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts bei seinen Forschungen an Interhalogenverbindungen entdeckte, explosives Potenzial.
Mehr Technologietransfer
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: May 2019

Die Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation rät der Bundesregierung, Unternehmensgründungen und Erkenntnistransfer zu fördern.
The role of urodynamics in the management of female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Serati Maurizio , Braga Andrea , Torella Marco , Soligo Marco , Finazzi‐Agro Enrico
Published: May 2019

Aim

The role of urodynamic study (UDS) in the management of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is one of the most controversial and debated topic in urogynecology. Here, we aimed to systematically assess the most relevant available evidence on urodynamics’ value in the management of women with stress urinary incontinence.

Methods

A systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) Statement was performed in May 2018. Only randomized clinical trials, prospective studies, or retrospective studies articles evaluating the use of urodynamic studies in women with stress urinary incontinence were included.

Results

After screening a total of 3055 records, 39 studies published from 1996 to 2018 were included.

Conclusions

In an uncomplicated population of women with SUI, it is not demonstrated that preoperative urodynamic evaluation can improve the outcome of continence surgery; however, UDS provides additional information regarding lower urinary tract function that could guide the physician to make the right therapeutic choice. UDS should be considered mandatory before surgery in complicated patients, but its use should also be evaluated in index patients when the results may help counseling and management of these women.
Mucosal lesions in cutaneous lupus erythematosus successfully treated with hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Kamaguchi Mayumi , Iwata Hiroaki , Asaka Takuya , Shimizu Hiroshi , Kitagawa Yoshimasa
Published: May 2019

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a rare, potentially disfiguring, chronic autoimmune disease with extremely variable skin and mucosal membrane manifestations. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug that has been used in various countries to treat autoimmune diseases including CLE. HCQ was banned for a long time in Japan because of severe chloroquine retinopathy and was reapproved as a first‐line treatment for CLE in 2015. There are no case reports describing the effectiveness of HCQ for CLE with oral mucosal lesions in the dental field. We present a case of CLE whose oral lesions were successfully treated with HCQ.
The effects of perceived stress on hope in women with breast cancer and the role of psychological hardiness
Authors: Abdollahi Abbas , Panahipour Hannaneh , Hosseinian Simin , Allen Kelly A.
Published: May 2019

Objective

Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are psychologically stressful events, and hope and hardiness have been found to be important constructs for women with breast cancer. Therefore, this research sought to examine the relationships of perceived stress and hardiness with hope, and the buffering role of hardiness in the link between perceived stress and hope among Iranian women with breast cancer.

Methods

Two hundred and twenty Iranian women with breast cancer from three hospitals completed online measures evaluating perceived stress, hardiness, and hope.

Results

Using structural equation modelling, perceived stress was found to be negatively related to hope. Additionally, there was a positive relationship between hardiness and hope. The findings indicate that hardiness is a buffer in the link between perceived stress and hope for women with breast cancer.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate the importance of hardiness in reducing the effects of perceived stress on hope and have clinical implications for health professionals.
Structural, Electrical, and Optical Effects of Metal Doping on ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Huber Silvia , Mardare Cezarina Cela , Kleber Christoph , Hassel Achim Walter
Published: May 2019

Doped ZnO thin films are prepared by reactive co‐sputtering of ZnO and a metal (Mn, Ti, W, and Zr). Structural and morphological analysis is done by means of SEM/EDX, XRD, and AFM. Electrical properties in terms of Volta potential are determined via Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP), UV–VIS spectroscopy is employed to investigate optical properties. Band gaps Eg are obtained using Tauc plots. Doping of ZnO led to significant differences regarding structural, electrical, and optical properties. Morphology of doped ZnO tends to be smoother and more compact, as compared to the pristine ZnO. XRD measurements proved that W doped ZnO films exhibit an amorphous structure, whereas a secondary phase present in the Mn doped ZnO is strongly suggested. W and Mn as dopants lead also to special band gap positions in UV spectroscopy. W:ZnO exhibits a higher value for Eg whereas band gaps of Ti:ZnO and Zr:ZnO are similar to pristine ZnO. For Mn:ZnO two band gaps can be obtained. One is slightly higher and the other one is significantly lower than the one of pristine ZnO. Volta potential doubled when ZnO is doped with W, Zr, or Ti as compared to the pristine ZnO. Mn doped ZnO resulted in a lower Volta potential than pristine ZnO.
Improved Resistive Memory Based on ZnO–Graphene Hybrids through Redox Process of Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Chen Tong , Gao Yingjie , Chen Wei , Zhao Xu
Published: May 2019

Zinc oxide–graphene quantum dot (ZnO–GQD) hybrid thin films are synthesized by solution processing. Memory devices with Al/ZnO–GQD/Pt structures exhibit reliable bipolar switching performances with an excellent uniform distribution of switching parameters, ultra‐low switching voltages, and high ON/OFF ratios. Compared with a pure ZnO‐based device, the switching voltages of the Al/ZnO–GQD/Pt device are decreased by 75%, and its coefficient of variation is one order of magnitude lower than that of the pure ZnO‐based device. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses reveal the reversible redox of GQDs under an applied electric field, which facilitates the formation and rupture of conductive filaments. The reversible exchange of oxygen ions between the GQDs and ZnO under an electric field guides the practical application of such hybrid materials in high‐performance nonvolatile memory devices.
Quantitative reconstruction of salinity history by otolith oxygen stable isotopes: An example of a euryhaline fish Lateolabrax japonicus
Authors: Hsieh Yu , Shiao Jen‐Chieh , Lin Saul‐wood , Iizuka Yoshiyuki
Published: May 2019

Rationale

Otolith strontium:calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios have been extensively used to study fish migration across a river, estuary and ocean at each life stage. However, otolith Sr:Ca ratios only explain partial variations in salinity and quantitative reconstruction of salinity history of fishes remains a challenge. Using a euryhaline fish Lateolabrax japonicus as an example, this study demonstrated an isotopic method of quantitatively reconstructing the salinity histories and habitat uses of the fish.

Methods

Otolith oxygen stable isotopic ratios (δ18Ooto values) were measured using a mass spectrometer for subsamples sequentially milled from the otolith core to the edge, and otolith Sr:Ca ratios were measured by an electron probe microanalyzer for the comparison. The mean water temperature within the studied area in the time period of each milled subsample was estimated from the Copernicus database. Based on an isotopic fractionation equation, each δ18Ooto value and water temperature pair determined the water δ18O value, which was then converted into salinity using published linear equations or an equation that was newly generated for this study.

Results

Individual fish clearly revealed different preferences in habitat use. The retrospectively reconstructed salinity history indicated that most L. japonicus inhabit and can spawn in seawater as well as in brackish estuaries. Few fish lived in freshwater during the young stage based on the analysis of δ18Ooto profiles; however, otolith Sr:Ca ratios can only reveal freshwater residence and cannot distinguish residence in brackish water or seawater.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that otolith temporal microstructure and δ18Ooto values are well‐suited approaches for quantitative reconstruction of salinity histories of the fish. This method can improve the understanding of the habitat uses of other fishes inhabiting diverse habitats among the rivers, estuaries and oceans.
Study of Precursor‐Inks Designed for High‐Quality Cu2ZnSnS4 Films for Low‐Cost PV Application
Authors: Trifiletti Vanira , Mostoni Silvia , Butrichi Fabio , Acciarri Maurizio , Binetti Simona , Scotti. Roberto
Published: May 2019

Kesterite compound Cu2ZnSnS4 is the most promising next leader in the chalcogenide thin films technology as it is based on earth‐abundant elements. In this work, kesterite thin films were prepared with a wet chemistry method by using a DMSO solution containing thiourea and acetylacetone, without further addition of vapour sulfur compounds to obtain the Cu2ZnSnS4 phase. The composition and stability of the molecular precursor‐ink were investigated by EPR, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Acetate precursors were proved to have a primary role in creating a network in the sol‐gel transition by bridging the metals in solution, together with thiourea and DMSO coordination. The high‐quality of the thin films, obtained by spin coating deposition and thermal treatment at 500 °C, was assessed by XRD, Raman, Energy‐Dispersive spectroscopy and optical analysis, which revealed a direct band gap of 1.5 eV. Therefore, the precursor‐ink and the deposition process developed in this work are very well suitable for solar cell application.
Use of Modelica language to simulate electrified railway lines and trains
Authors: Ceraolo M. , Lutzemberger G.
Published: May 2019

Simulation of multi‐engineering systems typically requires many issues to be solved, which are to be addressed by developing appropriate modeling and simulation programming techniques. In the last years, the authors have participated in several studies in which they analyzed in detail electrified railway systems and simulated them using Modelica language. After a few years of study, despite the huge complexity of these systems, it has appeared evident that Modelica language is very well suited and able to effectively solve the typical issues they present. While specific railway system simulations have already been discussed in specific papers, whose focus was on application and actual results, in this paper, the authors show how to use Modelica language to solve specific modeling issues through suitable programming techniques. Moreover, the issues to be solved and the conceived techniques may be interpreted in a general way and to be applied also in different engineering domains. Finally, this paper briefly recalls the principal results obtained in previous specific papers, in which these techniques were fully implemented.
Emergence of spacetime from the algebra of total modular Hamiltonians
Authors: Kabat Daniel , Lifschytz Gilad
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We study the action of the CFT total modular Hamiltonian on the CFT representation of bulk fields with spin. In the vacuum of the CFT the total modular Hamiltonian acts as a bulk Lie derivative, reducing on the RT surface to a boost perpendicular to the RT surface. This enables us to reconstruct bulk fields with spin from the CFT. On fields with gauge redundancies the total modular Hamiltonian acts as a bulk Lie derivative together with a compensating bulk gauge (or diffeomorphism) transformation to restore the original gauge. We consider the Lie algebra generated by the total modular Hamiltonians of all spherical CFT subregions and define weakly-maximal Lie subalgebras as proper subalgebras containing a maximal set of total modular Hamiltonians. In a CFT state with a bulk dual, we show that the bulk spacetime parametrizes the space of these weakly-maximal Lie subalgebras. Each such weakly-maximal Lie subalgebra induces Lorentz transformations at a particular point in the bulk manifold. The bulk metric dual to a pure CFT state is invariant at each point under this transformation. This condition fixes the metric up to a conformal factor that can be computed from knowledge of the equation parametrizing extremal surfaces. This gives a holographic notion of the invariance of a pure CFT state under CFT modular flow.