bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Repeated Home Laundering on the Cyclic Deformation Performance of Elastane Knitted Sportswear Fabrics
Authors: Sülar Vildan , Oner Eren
Published: January 2019

After washing cycles, textiles having minimum deformation, maximum dimensional stability and the same performance of an unused product are major expectations of customers. This study examined the effects of washing cycles on the cyclic deformation of elastane knitted fabrics in detail. 12 knitted fabrics with two different linear densities of viscose yarn and three different polyamide/elastane gimped yarn of two different tightness levels (normal and tight) were used in the experiments. M&S P15A test method were used to evaluate the cyclic deformation of unwashed and washed fabrics (0, 5, 15 and 25 cycles) for four different recovery time periods (0 min, 2 min, 30 min and 24 h). Dimensional change, tightness factor and mass per unit area values were also examined in order to investigate the residual deformation of the fabrics after each washing stages. Consequently, it is determined that the fabrics having 21 tex viscose ground yarn and 78dtex20f elastane gimped yarn with higher setting show less residual extension (%). 5 and 15 washing cycles and a 30 min. recovery time are found significant for all repeated washings.
Multiple primary cancers associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Dranka-Bojarowska Daria , Lewiński Adam
Published: January 2019

Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma is associated with an increased risk of other primary malignancies, mainly within the head and neck, as well as in the oesophageal gastric graft. More frequent recognition of multiple primary cancers associated with esophageal cancer, both synchronous and metachronous, is associated with longer follow-up after radical cancer treatment for esophageal cancer and high quality diagnostic procedures, both before and after surgery. The paper reviews the available literature and describes the molecular basis of the formation of multiple primary tumors associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
Introduction
Authors: Bromell Nick
Published: January 2019

W. E. B. Du Bois was not in any obvious sense a political theorist and could be sharply critical of theories and theorizing. However, because his writings do not fit plainly within the canonical tradition of political thought, they can enrich, enlarge, and fundamentally transform the field. Over the course of his long career, Du Bois frequently changed his methods of analysis and his political positions, although he returned again and again to the question of race. For Du Bois, race was an intrinsic component of the social, historical, and political issues faced by the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, whereas other political theorists of the time were reluctant to treat race and racial injustice as fundamental components of the study of modern democratic life. Today, race is recognized as a pivotal element of both Western modernity as well as in the principles and practice of American democracy. As such, much of Du Bois’s work remains topical a century after it was written.
An Africana Philosophical Reading of Du Bois’s Political Thought
Authors: Gordon Lewis R.
Published: January 2019

Lewis R. Gordon’s essay focuses on Du Bois’s shift from New England liberalism to international radicalism and his global influence in Africana thought, despite his focus on African American politics. Though Du Bois’s expectation of equality for black people in the United States was a supremely radical idea on its own, it was his association with the black tradition of addressing social contradictions and imagining a future of grappling with them that led to the development of his radical philosophical anthropology. Du Bois, like many other Africana scholars, used his theories to express why black people could no longer wait to challenge the status quo. Therefore, Africana political theorists must assert the humanity of people of African descent, which necessitates an explanation of why they are human and how they have historically been excluded from definitions of humanity.
Alightings of Poetry
Authors: Reed Anthony
Published: January 2019

This essay by Anthony Reed examines the ways that Du Bois explored his asymmetrical relationship to the world at large through his writing, particularly through his usage of double-consciousness. Du Bois stretches the limits of autobiographical writing to figuratively express race by transforming the discrepancy between his subjective lived experience—his relation to the world—and the objective facts of the world’s relation to Du Bois. Reed argues that Du Bois exceeds the limits of textual representation using the words themselves as well as their physical relationship to the page, but focuses on the lyric mode and first-person pronoun “I” to analyze the literary context of Du Bois’s work. Double-consciousness allows Du Bois to both imitate and elevate the reflective nature of autobiography and lyric poetry, disrupting the flow of time and sympathetic identification with the speaker.
A Splendid Failure?
Authors: Phulwani Vijay
Published: January 2019

In this essay, Vijay Phulwani posits that Du Bois uses the language of tragedy in 1935’s Black Reconstruction in America to emphasize the constraints and limitations created by white supremacy and subvert the tragic legend of Reconstruction. Informed by his changing understanding of the role of slaves and freedmen in the Civil War and Reconstruction, Du Bois’s ideas moved from an emphasis on internal racial uplift and external political agitation to a theory of economic separatism and a strategic embrace of segregation. Du Bois returned to the subject of Reconstruction many times throughout his career, using it to rethink and further develop his ideas about the form and content of black politics. Phulwani argues that by continuing to analyze Reconstruction, Du Bois was able to simultaneously narrate its history and model alternative strategies for building black political and economic power.
Place Matters
Authors: Billings Dwight B. , Kingsolver Ann E.
Published: January 2019

The editors discuss how this collection grew out of a two-year lecture series, “Place Matters,” at the University of Kentucky as well as a session at the South Atlantic Modern Language Association titled “Teaching Region,” and they describe how the interdisciplinary contributions in this volume reflect the broad, collaborative conversations among scholars, activists, and artists that constitute Appalachian studies. They discuss ways in which this volume illustrates diversity and agency within the region, through the lens of place. They contest the binary opposition between local places and global processes to suggest how a focus on region provides insights into the distinct ways in which the local and global are articulated, and they provide a brief overview of the chapters and themes in the rest of the book.
Reclaiming Place
Authors: hooks bell
Published: January 2019

bell hooks’s poems from her book Appalachian Elegy: Poetry and Place are reprinted throughout this collection, illustrating how place matters. In this chapter on reclaiming place and making home, the author describes her life journey from growing up in rural Kentucky—experiencing both racial apartheid and a connection with the land and generations of family there—to her adult life outside the state and then her return to make her home in Berea and reclaim Kentucky as a place. She describes that process of making home, living with love, and broader connections among people of color, the land, and environmental activism.
Somewheres on the Track
Authors: Kirby Rich , Haywood John , Pen Ron
Published: January 2019

The authors illustrate, as artists and musicians—with paintings reproduced in the chapter and music hosted on a website by the University Press of Kentucky—the significance of learning place over generations through sight and sound. Art and music can be evocative of experiences of place in unique ways. Ron Pen gives an example of a fiddle tune that is both local and global, as an introduction to this conversation between Rich Kirby and John Haywood. All three play old-time Appalachian music, and Haywood is also a visual artist. They reflect on the relationships among art, music, memory, and place in their lives and work.
Teaching Region
Authors: Billings Dwight B. , Caison Gina , Davis David A. , Hernández-Ehrisman Laura , Joseph Philip , Ryden Kent C. , Satterwhite Emily
Published: January 2019

The final chapter in this book examines pedagogies of place. The seven authors discuss the pitfalls and promises of teaching regional studies in or on Appalachia, the South and Southwest, the Midwest, and New England as well as trans-regional Native American studies. They discuss whether and how region still matters to the students they encounter, what role they think region should play in contemporary social science and humanities pedagogy, and how they attempt to leverage interests in regional inequities and uneven geographic development to provoke student insights into other varieties of social injustice.
El Ceremonial del funeral del presidente de la República y el ceremonial de las asistencias del presidente de la República a las festividades o actos públicos de cualquier índole en México: 1836 y 1842
Authors: Gómez-Huerta Suárez José
Published: January 2019

El ceremonial en el siglo XIX en México, era una herramienta que contribuía a establecer y consolidar lo social, resguardaba privilegios de la clase alta y legitimaba a un sector político. El ceremonial luego entonces es utilizado en ese siglo como un mensaje a través de formalidades y honores. Existen, desde luego, innumerables factores comprendidos en el concepto del ceremonial, como que es una forma de comunicación que se ocupa del protocolo, precedencias estructuradas de relaciones formales. Por lo tanto, revisaremos dos documentos de ceremonial en México en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, uno sobre el culto funerario de un presidente de México y otro relativo a los actos públicos o privados donde concurre el presidente de México.______________________________________The ceremonial in the nineteenth century in Mexico, was a tool that helped to establish and consolidate the social, protected privileges of the upper class and legitimized a political sector. The ceremonial then is then used in that century as a message through formalities and honors. There are, of course, innumerable factors included in the concept of ceremonial, as being a form of communication that deals with protocol, structured precedences of formal relationships. Therefore, we will review two ceremonial documents in Mexico in the first half of the 19th century, one on the funerary cult of a Mexican president and the other on public or private acts attended by the president of Mexico.
Los orígenes de la moral en Mencio y en Hume. Un ensayo de filosofía comparada
Authors: López Sastre Gerardo
Published: January 2019

En este artículo vamos a intentar comprender el origen de la moral y cómo es que los seres humanos somos morales por naturaleza. Veremos que Mencio y Hume coinciden en afirmar que poseemos un sentimiento original de benevolencia o humanidad que se desarrolla o se corrige gracias a la imaginación y el razonamiento.
Entre Filosofía y No Filosofía. Un silencio, una espera, una conciencia
Authors: López Sáenz María del Carmen
Published: January 2019

El presente trabajo intenta justificar desde la fenomenología de Husserl y Merleau-Ponty la interrelación entre filosofía y no filosofía y, con ella, la interacción de Occidente y Oriente. Para ello negaremos, en primer lugar, su condición de contrarios; posteriormente ejemplificaremos las posibilidades de sus intercambios haciendo referencia a la fenomenología y a la Escuela de Kyoto, concretamente a sus respectivas concepciones de la conciencia en las que yo y no-yo no se oponen, sino que integran un campo de diferencias. La obra de M.T. Román, especialmente su último libro, actúa como hilo conductor de nuestra interpretación de la conciencia fenomenológica y del yo de Nishida dejando constancia de la importancia del “entre” para ejercer mediaciones. Una de sus formas es el silencio.
La discriminación de la mujer en las órdenes budistas
Authors: Alonso Seoane María Jesús
Published: January 2019

Este artículo realiza una revisión histórica sobre una parte poco estudiada del budismo como es la desigualdad de género. A través las tradiciones y normas de las distintas ramas del budismo, se trata de visibilizar el papel de las mujeres en esta religión y averiguar si esta discriminación se encuentra en la base de su filosofía o ha sido consecuencia de su evolución. A partir de las reflexiones de la obra de Rita Gross (2005), El budismo después del patriarcado, se indaga en algunos puntos controvertidos sobre el papel de las mujeres en el budismo antiguo en un intento de contribuir a esa incipiente “cantera” de estudios de lo religioso en clave feminista actualmente en auge. Desde la perspectiva metodológica de los imaginarios sociales, se analiza la discriminación de las mujeres en las órdenes budistas en tres aspectos concretos: i) la evidencia de la existencia de ordenes monacales femeninas en la época del Buda; ii) el debate sobre las reglas adicionales para el monacato femenino y iii) reflexiones sobre la discriminación femenina en el budismo y su superación.
María Teresa Román, La exploración de la conciencia. En Oriente y Occidente
Authors: Yuste Leciñena Piedad
Published: January 2019

Reseña
El proceso de Bolonia y la admisión a la universidad. La realidad del sistema universitario español en perspectiva comparada
Authors: Revesado Carballares David
Published: January 2019

The Spanish educational system has been witnessing a profound transformation over the last few years, with numerous changes that affect different areas of our system, among them, one of the most talked about, is the one that concerns the university environment, and to be more concrete, to its access, which, through the Ley Orgánica de Mejora de la Calidad Educativa promulgated in December last 2013, will perform a transformation in the access model. The article begins by approaching in a historical perspective the transition to the Spanish university, over the last decades, to analyze in detail the proposal that brings the new educational law. The main objective that we intend to get is none other than to show the reality of our current access system, valuing, in turn, the need for a change, as reflected in the new education law. The consolidation of this proposal will be accompanied by the incorporation of various selective strategies, which will allow the Spanish university system to achieve higher quality standards
El principio de una escritura. La huella del silencio en la lírica metafísica de Chona Madera
Authors: Martín Fumero José Manuel
Published: January 2019

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis del primer libro poético de la escritora nacida en Gran Canaria Chona Madera, que lleva por título El volcado silencio, pues en él se identifican en germen los principales valores poéticos y vitales de toda su trayectoria escritural. Su personalidad literaria es, sin duda, una de las más singulares de la lírica de posguerra insular, y esa peculiar forma de entender la relación vida y literatura es la que, a nuestro juicio, comienza a vislumbrarse con acentuados y personales matices en este libro inicial.
LA VOZ DE LOS MUERTOS DE CARMEN DE BURGOS (1911), ENTRE SIGLOS, LENGUAS Y CULTURAS
Authors: Vian Ana
Published: January 2019

Los trece diálogos que incluye Carmen de Burgos en su obra literaria La voz de los muertos (Valencia, 1911) son piezas maestras del lucianismo dialógico de inicios del siglo XX. Se analizan aquí las relaciones literarias que la autora establece con sus modelos declarados (Sócrates, Platón, Parini, Leopardi) y con otros que, aunque no se mencionen explícitamente (Luciano, Fontenelle, Voltaire), son imprescindibles para comprender los cambios ideológicos y estéticos de esta tradición dialógica milenaria a la altura de la Edad de Plata.Palabras clave: Carmen de Burgos. La voz de los muertos. Lucianismo. Diálogos de muertos. Fontenelle. Voltaire. Parini. Leopardi. La voz de los muertos of Carmen de Burgos (1911), across centuries, languages and culturesThe thirteen dialogues included by Carmen de Burgos in her literary work La voz de los muertos (Valencia, 1911) are masterpieces of lucianist dialogue at the beginning of the XXth century. This paper discusses the literary relationship that the author established with her declared models (Socrates, Platon, Parini, Leopardi) and with other references that, although not explicitly mentioned (Lucian, Fontenelle, Voltaire) are essential to undestand the ideological and aesthetic changes of this millenarian dialogic tradition during the spanish “Edad de Plata”.Keawords: Carmen de Burgos. La voz de los muertos. Lucianism. Dialogues of the dead. Fontenelle. Voltaire. Parini. Leopardi.
El alumnado de educación secundaria obligatoria ante la inclusión educativa y la docencia compartida/Perception and attitude of students from compulsory secondary school to the challenge of inclusive education and co-teaching
Authors: Olmos Rueda Patricia , Sanahuja Gavaldà Josep , Mas Torelló Óscar
Published: January 2019

RESUMEN La inclusión sigue siendo uno de los mayores retos de la educación que exige de la responsabilidad compartida de todos los agentes educativos. El alumnado, agente participante activo, resulta herramienta clave para el cambio educativo y la construcción y promoción de una escuela inclusiva. Tener en cuenta su opinión impacta positivamente en la mejora de los procesos inclusivos. Este trabajo centra su atención en la voz del alumnado ante el reto de la inclusión y la diversidad en un instituto público de educación secundaria de la provincia de Barcelona, teniendo como objetivo conocer el perfil, creencias y actitudes del alumnado de educación secundaria obligatoria hacia la inclusión educativa y el trabajo de dos figuras docentes en el aula −el profesor de apoyo y el profesor de aula−. Los resultados, derivados del diseño y aplicación de un cuestionario a una muestra de 310 alumnos −con y sin necesidades educativas−, apuntan una actitud positiva hacia la inclusión y una valoración positiva tanto de la docencia compartida, como del impacto que tiene la presencia del profesor de apoyo en el aula, permitiendo reforzar esta actitud positiva en la medida que contribuye a un mejor proceso de interacción, socialización, inclusión y atención a la diversidad en las aulas y en el propio centro educativo, aunque sigue latente la necesidad de seguir impulsando el cambio de prácticas educativas en pro de la inclusión y socialización del alumnado.ABSTRACT Inclusion continues being one of the educational challenges that requires from educational agents their shared responsibility. Students, as active participant agent, are a key tool for educational changing and building and promoting an inclusive school. Taking into consideration their opinion has an impact on inclusive processes improvement. This work is focused on students’ voice to the challenge of inclusion and diversity in a public high school from a municipality of Barcelona. It aims to know the profile, thinking and attitudes of students from compulsory secondary level towards educational inclusion and shared working of both teachers −support teacher and regular teacher− in the classroom. The results of the application of a questionnaire to 310 students −with and without educational needs− show a positive attitude towards inclusion and a positive appraisal of shared teaching as well as the impact of the presence of support teacher in the regular classroom, who reinforces this positive attitude because contributes to better processes of interaction, socialization, inclusion and the attention of diversity in the classrooms and the educational centre although it is still evident that the change of educational practices, in pro of students’ inclusion and socialization, is necessary.
Vertical Water Entry of a Flexible Wedge into Calm Water: A Fluid-Structure Interaction Experiment
Authors: Ren Zhongshu , Wang Zhaoyuan , Stern Fred , Judge Carolyn , Ikeda-Gilbert Christine
Published: January 2019

Slamming water impact occurs frequently on high-speed craft and restricts the operating envelope of a vessel. One approach to understanding the hydroelastic nature of this phenomenon is to study the vertical impact of a V-shaped wedge on calm water, which models a single slamming event after a vessel has become partially airborne. The dynamic structural response of the bottom plate of a wedge dropped vertically (drop height = 7.9 cm) is investigated both experimentally and computationally. The experiments were conducted with a flexible bottom model at Virginia Tech. Pressure on the wedge bottom, rigid body motion (vertical acceleration and vertical position), and full-field out-of-plane deflection were measured. The out-of-plane deflection was measured using stereoscopic digital image correlation. Predictions on the hydrodynamic pressure field were made using Wagner's method, Vorus's method, and an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver, all assuming a rigid plate. In the present work, the reconstructed pressure distribution from the experiment was used as the loading condition in a dynamic, linear finite element plate model (one-way coupled approach). Both the predicted pressure and predicted deflection were compared with the experiment. It was found that in the experiment, there is a slight reduction in the measured hydrodynamic pressure compared with predictions. This reduction in pressure leads to a reduction in the reactions at the plate edges, which get transmitted to the frames of the vessel. This slight reduction at small loading cases has the potential to be more noticeable when more severe slamming loads are encountered.

1. Introduction

Slamming water impacts occur when a vessel impacts the water surface at high speed relative to the free surface. Water impact was first studied by von Karman (1929) with the application of seaplane landing. Water impact, as it pertains to slamming, gradually attracted increasing attention in the application of high-speed craft. The understanding of this phenomenon has been applied to the structural design and evaluation of the operational envelope of high-speed planing craft. Sailors also consider slamming a serious risk because it contributes to major injuries in addition to mission-related setbacks such as speed reduction or heading change. The present investigation of slamming can lead to the development of better design criteria for small craft.
Determination of Tobramycin and Vancomycin Exposure Required to Eradicate Biofilms on Muscle and Bone Tissue In Vitro
Authors: Badha Vajra , Moore Rex , Heffernan John , Castaneda Paulo , McLaren Alex , Overstreet Derek
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Background: Bacterial biofilms cause chronic orthopaedic infections. Surgical debridement to remove biofilm can be ineffective without adjuvant local antimicrobials because undetected biofilm fragments may remain in the wound and reestablish the infection if untreated. However, the concentrations and duration of antimicrobial exposure necessary to eradicate bacteria from clinical biofilms remain largely undefined. In this study, we determined the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of tobramycin and vancomycin for bacterial biofilms grown on bone and muscle in vitro.Methods: Biofilms of pathogens found in musculoskeletal infections (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli) were established for 72 hr on rabbit muscle and bone specimens in vitro and characterized by SEM imaging and CFU counts. Biofilm-covered tissue specimens were exposed to serial log2 dilutions (4000-31.25 µg/mL) of tobramycin, vancomycin, or a 1:1 combination of both drugs for 6, 24, or 72 hr. Tissues were subcultured following antimicrobial exposure to determine bacterial survival. The breakpoint concentration with no surviving bacteria was defined as the MBEC for each pathogen-antimicrobial-exposure time combination.Results: All tested pathogens formed biofilm on tissue. Tobramycin/vancomycin (1:1) was the most effective antimicrobial regimen with MBEC on muscle (10/10 pathogens) or bone (7/10 pathogens) generally in the range of 100-750 µg/mL with 24 or 72 hr exposure. MBEC decreased with exposure time for 53.3% of biofilms between 6 and 24 hr, 53.3% of biofilms between 24 and 72 hr, and for 76.7% of biofilms between 6 and 72 hr. MBECs on bone were significantly higher than corresponding MBECs on muscle tissue (p < 0.05). In most cases, tissue MBECs were lower compared to previously published MBECs for the same pathogens on polystyrene tissue-culture plates.Conclusions: The majority of MBECs for orthopaedic infections on bone and muscle are on the order of 100-750 µg/mL of vancomycin+tobramycin when sustained for at least 24 hr, which may be clinically achievable using high-dose antimicrobial-loaded bone cement (ALBC).
Same Organism, Different Phenotype - Are Phenotypic Criteria Adequate In Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Orthopaedic Implant-Associated Infections?
Authors: Tevell Staffan , Baig Sharmin , Nilsdotter-Augustinsson Åsa , Stegger Marc , Söderquist Bo
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In current diagnostic criteria for implant-associated bone- and joint infections, phenotypically identical low-virulence bacteria in two intraoperative cultures are usually required. Using whole-genome sequencing, we have further characterized three phenotypically different Staphylococcus capitis isolated from one prosthetic joint infection, highlighting the challenges in defining microbiological criteria for low-virulence prosthetic joint infections.
De quelques éléments à considérer avant de choisir un niveau d’analyse ou un langage documentaire
Authors: Bertrand-Gastaldy Suzanne
Published: January 2019

Les professionnels de l’information documentaire sont souvent confrontés au choix d’un système d’analyse. La décision qu’ils doivent prendre implique la prise en considération d’un grand nombre d’éléments en interaction. L’auteure passe en revue les principaux éléments à considérer ainsi que leurs interrelations.
Les flux transfrontières de données
Authors: Lauzon Johanne
Published: January 2019

Les flux transfrontières de données comportent des enjeux économiques et culturels. La taxation de ce nouveau commerce et le développement d’un secteur tertiaire supérieur en Occident ont un impact sur les serveurs et sur les utilisateurs de bases de données. De plus, la concentration de l’industrie de l’information laisse apparaître la menace de l’impérialisme culturel occidental.
Automatisation : serveur, réseau, micro
Authors: Richer Yvon
Published: January 2019

Le 12e Congrès de l’ASTED est placé sous le thème de l’automatisation et de ses trois composantes : serveur, réseau et micro-ordinateur. Le président de l’ASTED commente les interrelations de cette trilogie pour les bibliothèques et les centres de documentation.
L’accès universel aux publications (AUP), l’ASTED et les bibliothèques québécoises
Authors: Rosa Réal
Published: January 2019

L’auteur présente un aperçu historique de l’AUP, puis il en fournit la définition, l’extension et les bénéficiaires. Il en décrit dans une seconde partie les axes majeurs. Le rôle de la profession face à l’AUP devrait se traduire, selon l’auteur, par des actions individuelles, mais également et surtout par une concertation inter-bibliothèques. L’auteur recommande la création d’un comité permanent de l’AUP au sein de l’ASTED et définit quel pourrait être dans ses grandes lignes le rôle de ce comité.
L’homo mediaticus vs l’interface masquée : un combat à finir
Authors: Deschâtelets Gilles
Published: January 2019

L’auteur analyse l’évolution du rôle du bibliothécaire-médiateur dans la prestation
des services de téléférence. Après avoir proposé une nouvelle typologie des bases de données
disponibles, il présente et définit trois catégories de services et produits d’aide à
l’interrogation : les logiciels d’interface, les services grand-public et les logiciels de
gestion de bases de données. Il présente quatre types de logiciels d’interface : les
logiciels d’assistance syntaxiques, les logiciels de communication à valeur ajoutée, les
logiciels d’assistance sémantique et les logiciels de post-édition. Quant aux services
grand-public, l’auteur en distingue trois catégories : les serveurs grand-public, les
services grand-public des serveurs traditionnels et les services de courtage grand-public.
Enfin l’auteur esquisse quelques voies possibles pour l’avenir.
La lecture et l’Année internationale de la jeunesse
Authors: Bélanger Johanne
Published: January 2019

La lecture constitue un moyen privilégié de sensibilisation, de réflexion et de formation. L’auteur relie ainsi la lecture à la triple thématique de l’Année internationale de la jeunesse (AIJ) et présente certains projets susceptibles de promouvoir la lecture chez les jeunes.
Lecture et lecteurs au Québec
Authors: Garon Rosaire
Published: January 2019

La lecture varie dans son intensité et dans ses objets parmi la population adulte québécoise. Les caractéristiques des lecteurs de périodiques et de livres sont tour à tour dégagées. Les habitudes de lecture, inégalement répandues dans les groupes sociaux, sont nettement plus enracinées chez les femmes, les jeunes, les personnes scolarisées et les anglophones. De plus, l’héritage culturel, les rôles sociaux, les cycles de la vie se révèlent dans les préférences en matière de lecture et dans la manière de se procurer des périodiques et des livres.
L’information documentaire : une ressource
Authors: Deslauriers Pierre
Published: January 2019

L’information documentaire est une ressource que nous exploitons. En présentant le thème du XIe congrès annuel de l’ASTED, l’auteur insiste sur la nécessité de bien cerner les besoins des usagers et d’assurer une gestion professionnelle et efficace de l’information.
Le recensement des documents audiovisuels de langue française au Canada
Authors: Demers Jacques
Published: January 2019

Après avoir évoqué la situation du recensement des documents audiovisuels canadiens de langue française, l’auteur décrit les principaux services disponibles au Canada, en France et aux États-Unis. Il jette par la suite un regard prospectif sur l’évolution des supports audiovisuels ainsi que des modes de production, de commercialisation et de distribution dans ce domaine, et formule enfin quelques recommandations pour l’avenir.
Télécommunications et bibliothèques
Authors: Mercure Gérard
Published: January 2019

Les télécommunications sont appelées à jouer un rôle de plus en plus important dans les bibliothèques, étant maintenant associées à l’information et bientôt à la bureautique et à l’édition électronique. Elles deviendront une ressource qu’il faudra gérer avec compétence. Une formation particulière sera nécessaire. Les occasions de formation et d’information sont identifiées et des initiatives sont proposées.
Réflexions sur le développement des collections dans les bibliothèques publiques
Authors: Khouzam Monique
Published: January 2019

À qui revient te choix des livres dans une bibliothèque publique ? Quels sont les facteurs et les critères qui interviennent dans ce choix ? Quelle place doivent tenir les demandes des lecteurs par rapport au développement de la collection de base ? Qu’en est-il du choix des livres pour les enfants ? Voilà autant de questions sur lesquelles l’auteure nous invite à réfléchir.
Le spécialiste de la documentation et l’Année mondiale des communications
Authors: de Bonville Jean
Published: January 2019

Réflexion autour de trois aspects suggérés par l’Année mondiale des communications : la fonction de communication inhérente à l’activité même des services documentaires, la transformation de l’environnement technologique du transfert de l’information par les médias et, enfin, la définition de l’activité professionnelle du spécialiste de la documentation à partir des concepts d’information et de communication.
Sinistres dans les centres de documentation : actions et programmes d’urgence
Authors: Collister Edward A.
Published: January 2019

Après une présentation sommaire des problèmes posés par la détérioration des documents et un court bilan des sinistres ayant touché les centres de documentation, l’auteur décrit les procédés de sauvetage et de restauration des documents endommagés par l’eau et présente les éléments d’un programme d’urgence.
La clientèle de la bibliothèque de la station de métro McGill
Authors: Lavigne Nicole
Published: January 2019

L’auteure analyse ici les résultats d’une enquête sur la clientèle d’une succursale de la Bibliothèque municipale de Montréal située à la station de métro McGill et résume les conclusions du rapport de recherche.
Groupes de parole non thérapeutiques pour proches : expériences vécues des acteurs
Authors: Charlier Émilie
Published: January 2019

Cette contribution a pour objectif d’illustrer la mise en oeuvre concrète des principes inhérents à la méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée (MTE) au travers d’une recherche exploratoire ayant pour point de départ les groupes de parole. Ces dispositifs, considérés comme « incontournables » par Galiano et Portalier (2012), renvoient à des pratiques de terrain extrêmement diversifiées. L’étude en cours vise la compréhension des vécus des acteurs de groupes de parole non thérapeutiques pour proches (parents, enfants, conjoints, fratries, etc.) animés par des intervenants professionnels et ciblant des thématiques liées à des événements de vie personnels ou familiaux – moins visibles dans les écrits scientifiques. Les résultats préliminaires, issus d’entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de 27 informateurs (18 animateurs et 9 participants), situent la souffrance psychique au coeur du processus d’engagement au sein de ces dispositifs.
Influences réciproques entre le devenir père et l’historicité : présentation sommaire d’une étude doctorale qualitative et psychanalytique
Authors: Savard Marilyne , Brunet Louis
Published: January 2019

Le présent article a pour objet la présentation sommaire d’une recherche doctorale basée sur la psychanalyse et la méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée, et portant sur les interinfluences entre le devenir père et l’historicité. Ce terme désigne ici le bagage conscient, préconscient et inconscient issu de l’histoire singulière qui a contribué au développement identitaire, et à ses effets dans l’actuel. La première partie de l’article met en contexte l’émergence du sujet de recherche et la collecte des données. Elle est suivie de la présentation de quelques concepts sensibilisateurs et de la méthodologie utilisée. Puis, la présentation des deux catégories centrales constituant les résultats de l’analyse qualitative sert d’assise aux propositions conceptuelles explicitées dans un dernier temps. L’article met en lumière comment l’histoire des devenants pères rejaillit sous forme de reviviscences nécessaires à la construction de représentations psychiques d’un projet de famille idéale et à l’émergence de l’identité paternelle.
Adolescents délinquants en transition vers l’âge adulte : analyse du processus de désistance à partir de leur récit
Authors: Puglia Rosa , Glowacz Fabienne
Published: January 2019

Cette recherche a pour objectif de comprendre le processus de désistance à partir de l’étude du récit de trois adolescents délinquants récidivistes. Pour ce faire, ces jeunes en transition vers l’âge adulte ont réalisé un entretien semi-directif puis ont répondu à quelques questionnaires. Les données collectées ont été analysées en suivant la méthode de l’Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), dont l’objectif est de comprendre un phénomène en profondeur (Smith & Osboren, 2003). L’analyse fait émerger une série de thèmes dont la complexité de sortir de la délinquance, le sentiment d’ambivalence, la balance décisionnelle et le poids de l’entourage.
Una mirada longitudinal: ¿Es el “Docentia” útil para la evaluación del profesorado universitario?
Authors: Isla-Díaz Rosa , Marrero-Hernández Hipólito , Hess-Medler Stephany , Soriano Mabel , Acosta-Rodríguez Severo , Pérez-Monteverde María-Victoria , Blanco-Freijo Marcos
Published: January 2019

El Docentia es el modelo propuesto por ANECA, y asumido por las universidades españolas para la evaluación de la calidad docente. Uno de los problemas del modelo que se viene detectando es su escasa capacidad para diferenciar al profesorado entre las distintas categorías posibles, con un sesgo muy acentuado hacia la calificación de “Excelente”. Esto afecta al prestigio del modelo: primero, si la gran mayoría del profesorado es “Excelente”, no se verá reflejado el profesorado que realmente destaca sobre el conjunto y, segundo, afecta a su capacidad para orientar al profesorado hacia la mejora de su docencia. En el presente estudio examinamos la capacidad discriminativa del modelo en base a la experiencia de su implementación en la Universidad de La Laguna (Docentia-ULL). Hemos simulado el resultado de la evaluación cambiando el modelo en dos sentidos. Por un lado, los pesos de las dimensiones y sub-dimensiones, así como de los topes de cada criterio, para primar la valoración del compromiso del profesorado con la formación y la innovación educativa, frente al mero cumplimiento de las obligaciones docentes. Por otro lado, los resultados de satisfacción del alumnado y de los responsables académicos pasan a actuar como requisito independiente de los méritos del docente en la evaluación. Además, se ha elevado el mínimo necesario de estas dimensiones para obtener una valoración “Favorable”, “Muy Favorable” o “Excelente”. Los resultados mostraron que la disminución del peso en la evaluación de las obligaciones docentes frente a la formación e innovación produjo una distribución de la calificación del profesorado más centrada hacia las categorías intermedias. Además se compara con resultados reales obtenidos después de la implantación del modelo alternativo elegido a raíz de las simulaciones. Se discuten las implicaciones de este tipo de mejoras en la evaluación de la calidad docente y del desempeño del profesorado en la universidad española.
Defensin-like peptides in wheat analyzed by whole-transcriptome sequencing: a focus on structural diversity and role in induced resistance
Authors: Odintsova Tatyana I. , Slezina Marina P. , Istomina Ekaterina A. , Korostyleva Tatyana V. , Kasianov Artem S. , Kovtun Alexey S. , Makeev Vsevolod J. , Shcherbakova Larisa A. , Kudryavtsev Alexander M.
Published: January 2019

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the main components of the plant innate immune system. Defensins represent the most important AMP family involved in defense and non-defense functions. In this work, global RNA sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly were performed to explore the diversity of defensin-like (DEFL) genes in the wheat Triticum kiharae and to study their role in induced resistance (IR) mediated by the elicitor metabolites of a non-pathogenic strain FS-94 of Fusarium sambucinum. Using a combination of two pipelines for DEFL mining in transcriptome data sets, as many as 143 DEFL genes were identified in T. kiharae, the vast majority of them represent novel genes. According to the number of cysteine residues and the cysteine motif, wheat DEFLs were classified into ten groups. Classical defensins with a characteristic 8-Cys motif assigned to group 1 DEFLs represent the most abundant group comprising 52 family members. DEFLs with a characteristic 4-Cys motif CX{3,5}CX{8,17}CX{4,6}C named group 4 DEFLs previously found only in legumes were discovered in wheat. Within DEFL groups, subgroups of similar sequences originated by duplication events were isolated. Variation among DEFLs within subgroups is due to amino acid substitutions and insertions/deletions of amino acid sequences. To identify IR-related DEFL genes, transcriptional changes in DEFL gene expression during elicitor-mediated IR were monitored. Transcriptional diversity of DEFL genes in wheat seedlings in response to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, FS-94 elicitors, and the combination of both (elicitors + fungus) was demonstrated, with specific sets of up- and down-regulated DEFL genes. DEFL expression profiling allowed us to gain insight into the mode of action of the elicitors from F. sambucinum. We discovered that the elicitors up-regulated a set of 24 DEFL genes. After challenge inoculation with F. oxysporum, another set of 22 DEFLs showed enhanced expression in IR-displaying seedlings. These DEFLs, in concert with other defense molecules, are suggested to determine enhanced resistance of elicitor-pretreated wheat seedlings. In addition to providing a better understanding of the mode of action of the elicitors from FS-94 in controlling diseases, up-regulated IR-specific DEFL genes represent novel candidates for genetic transformation of plants and development of pathogen-resistant crops.
Hardly habitual: chimpanzees and gorillas show flexibility in their motor responses when presented with a causally-clear task
Authors: Jacobson Sarah L. , Hopper Lydia M.
Published: January 2019

In contrast to reports of wild primates, studies of captive primates’ flexibility often reveal conservatism: individuals are unable to switch to new and more efficient strategies when task demands change. We propose that such conservatism might be a result of task design and hypothesize that conservatism might be linked to primates’ lack of causal understanding in relation to experimental apparatuses. We investigated if chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) would show greater flexibility when presented with a causally-clear task. We presented six chimpanzees and seven gorillas with a clear tube from which they had to remove straws to release a reward. To first evaluate the apes’ causal understanding, we recorded the efficiency with which the apes solved the task (i.e., whether they only removed straws below the reward, ignoring redundant ones above it). To further explore how they solved the task, we also recorded the order in which they removed the straws, which allowed us to determine if habitual action sequences emerged. All apes spontaneously solved the task in their first trial and across repeated trials the majority of their solutions were efficient (median = 90.9%), demonstrating their understanding of the puzzle. There was individual variation in the consistency of straw removal patterns exhibited by the apes, but no ape developed an exclusive habit in the order with which they removed the straws, further indicating their causal understanding of the task. Next, we presented the apes with a new configuration of the same task that required the apes to remove fewer straws to obtain the reward. All apes switched to a more efficient straw removal sequence even though their previously-successful, but now less-efficient, solution remained available. We theorize that because the apes understood the causality of the task, they did not form habits and were not conservative.
Risk Factors for Fracture in Alcohol-dependent, Pre-menopausal Females
Authors: Fuggle Nicholas R , Singer Joseph , Clynes Michael A. , Curtis Beth , Wyawahare Pallavi , Denison Hayley J. , Gilmour Moira , Robinson Geoff , Dennison Elaine M.
Published: January 2019

Aims: Alcoholism is known to be associated with increased risk of fracture. This study aimed to study bone turnover following alcohol detoxification and to investigate lifestyle factors for low bone density that might coexist with alcohol dependency, which might be amenable to modification. Method: Pre-menopausal female participants were recruited from an alcohol-use dependency unit to a cross-sectional study. A lifestyle questionnaire, including alcohol history, smoking, physical activity, dietary calcium intake, falls, and fracture history was completed. Quantitative heel ultrasonography was performed and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), t score, and z score were recorded. Blood was taken for bone-turnover markers at baseline and day 5 following admission for alcohol withdrawal.Results: The mean age (SD) of alcohol dependent participants was 41.6 (8.3) years, with participants reporting high levels of current cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and falls. BUA, SOS, t scores, and z scores were lower than the age-matched reference range in alcohol-dependent participants. Levels of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) increased significantly after five days (p < .001). Conclusions: Alcohol-dependent, pre-menopausal individuals have multiple risk factors for fracture, beyond alcohol excess. These should be addressed and targeted as modification may reduce fracture risk, especially given the apparent recovery of bone turnover on the withdrawal of alcohol.
Recent Progress in Solar‐Blind Deep‐Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Inorganic Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductors
Authors: Xie Chao , Lu Xing‐Tong , Tong Xiao‐Wei , Zhang Zhi‐Xiang , Liang Feng‐Xia , Liang Lin , Luo Lin‐Bao , Wu Yu‐Cheng
Published: January 2019

Due to its significant applications in many relevant fields, light detection in the solar‐blind deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) wavelength region is a subject of great interest for both scientific and industrial communities. The rapid advances in preparing high‐quality ultrawide‐bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors have enabled the realization of various high‐performance DUV photodetectors (DUVPDs) with different geometries, which provide an avenue for circumventing numerous disadvantages in traditional DUV detectors. This article presents a comprehensive review of the applications of inorganic UWBG semiconductors for solar‐blind DUV light detection in the past several decades. Different kinds of DUVPDs, which are based on varied UWBG semiconductors including Ga2O3, MgxZn1−xO, III‐nitride compounds (AlxGa1−xN/AlN and BN), diamond, etc., and operate on different working principles, are introduced and discussed systematically. Some emerging techniques to optimize device performance are addressed as well. Finally, the existing techniques are summarized and future challenges are proposed in order to shed light on development in this critical research field.
Degradability and Clearance of Inorganic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yang Guangbao , Phua Soo Zeng Fiona , Bindra Anivind Kaur , Zhao Yanli
Published: January 2019

Inorganic nanoparticles with tunable and diverse properties hold tremendous potential in the field of nanomedicine, while having non‐negligible toxicity concerns in healthy tissues/organs that have resulted in their restricted clinical translation to date. In the past decade, the emergence of biodegradable or clearable inorganic nanoparticles has made it possible to completely solve this long‐standing conundrum. A comprehensive understanding of the design of these inorganic nanoparticles with their metabolic performance in the body is of crucial importance to advance clinical trials and expand their biological applications in disease diagnosis. Here, a diverse variety of biodegradable or clearable inorganic nanoparticles regarding considerations of the size, morphology, surface chemistry, and doping strategy are highlighted. Their pharmacokinetics, pathways of metabolism in the body, and time required for excretion are discussed. Some inorganic materials intrinsically responsive to various conditions in the tumor microenvironment are also introduced. Finally, an overview of the encountered challenges is provided along with an outlook for applying these inorganic nanoparticles toward future clinical translations.