bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Этиология, патогенез, диагностика и лечение наследственных глауком
Authors: Кадышев В.В.
Published: February 2023

В учебно-методическом пособии изложены современные аспекты этиологии, патогенеза, диагностики и лечения различных форм наследственных глауком, как изолированных, так и входящих в синдромокомплекс.Представлена подробная клиническая характеристика и особенностимеждисциплинарной диагностики. Настоящее учебно-методическое пособие составлено в соответствии с требованиями ФГОС ВО по специальностям 31.08.30 «генетика», 31.08.59 «офтальмология», 31.05.02 «педиатрия», 31.08.54 «общая врачебная практика (семейная медицина)» и рабочими программами кафедры офтальмогенетикиИВиДПО ФГБНУ «МГНЦ». Пособие предназначено для ординаторов по указанным выше специальностям, аспирантов по научным специальностям 3.5.1. «глазные болезни», 1.5.7. «генетика», 3.3.8. «клиническая лабораторная диагностика», а также для врачей-офтальмологов, врачей-генетиков, врачей-педиатров, врачей общей практики, при обучении их по программам повышения квалификации, посвященным наследственной офтальмопатологии. Печатается по решению учебно-методической комиссии Института высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования ФГБНУ «Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова» от 30 сентября 2022 года.
Knowledge and Attitude Relationship with 3M Plus Mosquito Nest Eradication Actions in Surabaya: Literature Review
Authors: Farid Muhammad Rifqo Hafidzudin , Lusno Muhammad Farid Dimjati , Maramis Margarita Maria , Sulistiawati  , Utomo Budi , Farid Abdul Fattah
Published: February 2023

Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes mosquito that causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) which is a major problem in public health and has social and economic impacts. One of the key factors for the success of DHF eradication is community behavior which includes knowledge, attitudes, and actions. The purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review by analyzing the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the act of eradicating mosquito nests based on 7 (seven) journal articles that have been selected from the selection process measured using the quality assessment of the literature Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies from the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) which assesses selection bias, study design, confounders, blinding, data collection methods and withdrawals and dropouts so that the quality of the reviewed journals can be seen. The quality assessment of the journal resulted in 3 points: Strong, Moderate, and Weak. The result is that most respondents are housewives. Knowledge level is good, attitude level is good, and action is good enough. There is a relationship between knowledge and action and there is a relationship between attitude and action. The recommendation is to improve the ability of housewives and improve coordination with local Jumantik.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Dengue Prevention; DHF
Syrian Migration and Active Citizenship in Turkey: Rethinking the Possibility of Living Together and Social Cohesion
Authors: Çopuroğlu Özge
Published: February 2023

The sudden and intense migration that emerged as a result of the Syrian crisis in 2011 had significant effects on cities and municipalities in our country as well as in the world. Considering that the vast majority of Syrians currently live in urban areas, municipalities that have a significant proportion of Syrian immigrants compared to their resident population faced a challenge of delivering the same quality municipal services to more populations due to unexpected increase in the number of people waiting for service, but with the same budget, personnel, equipment and organizational structure. This situation negatively affects the quality of life in cities and threatens local sustainable development. The main idea of our study is to open the theoretical framework of the “active citizenship” model for discussion. The model is based on the idea that, active citizenship model is the most important resource to be mobilized in increasing the resilience of municipalities at the local level in the face of added urban issues such as mass migration and pandemic, and living together and a sustainable quality of life in cities. After making conceptual fixations in the study, answers will be sought to possible questions on how active citizens are involved in the political and social participation processes; their roles; why it is necessary to be an active citizen; how to establish an enabling environment for this to occur and what the duties of municipalities are in this context.
A New Model for Economic Integration of ‘Refugee Doctors’ in the UK: Opportunities and Costs of New Policy Initiatives
Authors: Efe Sureyya Sonmez
Published: February 2023

Policy initiatives and support programs for refugee doctors are regarded as helpful mechanisms for facilitating their economic integration in the UK. The inclusion of refugees in the formal labor market of host countries is one of the durable solutions promoted by the UNHCR and implemented in novel models in the countries’ domestic policies. The Introduction of the Medical Support Worker Scheme is the most recent support program aiming to improve refugee doctors’ economic integration during the unprecedented demand for medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article investigates the long-standing support program before the pandemic as well as the most recent policy initiatives for refugee doctors’ economic integration in the UK. The paper uses secondary data from literature and big datasets such as the Labour Data Survey and primary data from focus groups collected from the participants who are members of the Lincolnshire Refugee Doctors Project (LRDP). It performs a qualitative analysis of the perceptions of refugee doctors on their economic integration in the UK labor market. The analysis of the data shows mainly positive perceptions of the support program and the guidance and training offered by the organizations like LRDP. The findings also suggest that there are existing impediments to the economic integration of refugee doctors deriving from structural and procedural obstacles as well as from the global health crisis. The paper addresses this issue and makes recommendations for key policymakers in the UK to improve their integration process.
Notas desde la Dirección Editorial
Authors: González Zepeda Carlos Alberto , García-Macías Pascual Gerardo , Cueto-Calderón José Salvador , García Guerrero Montserrat , Garcia Zamora Rodolfo , Da Silva Matheus
Published: February 2023

Vivimos en una era de intensas turbulencias de mucho desencanto y desconcierto. Las tensiones geopolíticas cada vez son más profundas y están transformando las relaciones internacionales. El tribalismo político está revelando profundas divisiones entre las naciones y los fracasos políticos y económicos de los países provocan éxodos masivos desde Bielorrusia, Libia, Afganistán o Venezuela por mencionar algunos. La pandemia provocada por el virus SARS-COV2 ha acentuado estos cambios, como lo expresa el último informe de Oxfam (2021) llamándolo el virus de la desigualdad, donde más de 2 millones de personas han perdido la vida y cientos de millones han caído en la pobreza, mientras que la mayoría de las personas y empresas más ricas del mundo siguen siendo los mas ricos del planeta. La riqueza multimillonaria de éstos, ha vuelto a los niveles previos a la pandemia en sólo nueve meses, mientras que para los más pobres podría llevar más de una década salir de los impactos de la misma (Berkhout, Galasso, Lawson, Rivero Morales & Taneja, 2022).
Banach-valued Bloch-type functions on the unit ball of a Hilbert space and weak spaces of Bloch-type
Authors: Quang Thai
Published: February 2023

In this article, we study the space $\mathcal B_\mu(B_X,Y)$ of $Y$-valued Bloch-type functions on the unit ball $B_X$ of an infinite dimensional Hilbert space $X$ with $\mu$ is a normal weight on $B_X$ and $Y$ is a Banach space. We also investigate the characterizations of the space $\mathcal{WB}_\mu(B_X)$ of $Y$-valued, locally bounded, weakly holomorphic functions associated with the Bloch-type space $\mathcal B_\mu(B_X)$ of scalar-valued functions in the sense that $f\in \mathcal{WB}_\mu(B_X)$ if $w\circ f \in \mathcal B_\mu(B_X)$ for every $w \in \mathcal W,$ a separating subspace of the dual $Y'$ of $Y.$
Method for determining the ultimate sorption capacity of coal matter by EPR-spectroscopy
Authors: Bezruchko K. A , Burchak O. V , Pymonenko L. I , Chelkan V. V
Published: February 2023

Purpose. Improving the method for determining the ultimate sorption capacity of coal matter using EPR-spectroscopy (electron paramagnetic resonance) by adjusting the proportionality coefficient between the ultimate sorption capacity of coal and the concentration of paramagnetic centers and the conjugation coefficient in accordance with the degree of coalification. Methodology. The ultimate sorption capacity of the matter was estimated by EPR-spectroscopy, based on the content of paramagnetic centers (PMC) in coal, which are able to come into physical (sorption) interaction with molecules of paramagnetic gas (O2) when the pressure increases. Processing of the research results was carried out by methods of mathematical statistics. Findings. Analysis of long-term results for determining the ultimate sorption capacity of coal matter by EPR-spectroscopy was carried out. The analysis testified about the need to adjust the proportionality coefficient  between the ultimate sorption capacity of coal and the concentration of paramagnetic centers Na and the conjugation coefficient Ksc, depending on the coal rank metamorphism. The values of the proportionality coefficient  by hard coal ranks for the yield of volatile components Vdaf and the reflectivity of vitrinite R° were calculated. Appropriate changes were made to the express-method for estimating the ultimate sorption capacity of coal by the EPR method. Originality. It is proved that the proportionality coefficient β between the ultimate sorption capacity of coal and the concentration of paramagnetic centers Na and the conjugation coefficient Ksc is not a constant value, but changes (decreases) with the degree of metamorphism. It is established that this relationship is satisfactorily characterized by the sigmoid model, whose inflection (on the graph) is confined to the gas and fat ranks of coals (volatile-matter yield is 29 %) and is caused by the second main jump of coalification during a cardinal change in the molecular structure of coal, associated with the completion of the intensive decomposition of the polymer-lipoidin component in the coal matter. Practical values. The express-method was improved for estimating the ultimate sorption capacity of coal by the EPR-method, which differs by specified proportionality coefficients according to ranks in the series of coalification.
Lithium and gold content in salt domes and saline lands of Western and Southern Kazakhstan
Authors: Seitmuratova E. Yu , Baratov R. T , Arshamov Ya. K , Dautbekov D. O , Seytzhanov Sh. A
Published: February 2023

Purpose. To identify the lithium content of mineralized saline lands in the lower reaches of the Chu and Sarysu Rivers and the gold content of the Inder and Shalkar salt domes, and to give a predictive estimate of their industrial prospects. Methodology. The basis of the research methodology is a classic combination of prospecting and surveying: collection of precursor materials, field work, including object mapping, hydro- and lithochemical sampling, analytical studies and analysis of laboratory data. Findings. We carried out the whole complex of the planned works on the sites under study. As a result, in 76 % of the analyzed water samples lithium content was found to be higher than clarkee in seawater (0.17 mg/l) by 1.2–2.4–4.12 times. Lithium content in salts and soils is noted in significantly lower values of lithium clarkee in the Earth’s crust, in rare cases lithium values in samples are 1.5–2 times higher than clarkee. Out of 25 samples of the Shalkar salt dome area, Au was found in 9 samples with grades from 1.36 to 6.02 g/t. The percentage of significant samples is 36 %. The average Au content in the Shalkar salt dome taking into account all other “empty” samples is 1.2 g/t. According to these data, taking into account modern technologies of extraction of Au at its low content, the Shalkar salt dome may well be classified as a large-volume deposit of poor ores. The results of quantitative analysis by atomic absorption of samples from the Inder salt dome also indicate the presence of significant Au content in seven samples – from 1.6 to 3.9 g/t. The average gold content for the entire volume of samples taken would be 0.78 g/t, which can be considered commercially significant under current conditions. The given results of hydromineral raw materials research for possible extraction of lithium and noble metals, despite their preliminary character and insignificant volumes, unequivocally indicate the necessity of large-scale exploration works for final evaluation of the described objects and identification of new ones similar to them. Originality. The originality of the study is that such work has been carried out for the first time. Quantitative assessment of lithium and gold content in saline lands and salt domes of Kazakhstan showed an excess of their clarkee and the prospects of these objects for further research. Practical value. significance lies in the identification of lithium content of hydromineral raw materials and gold content of salt domes of Kazakhstan as possible cost-effective new sources of lithium and gold.
Pressure distribution in the oil reservoir in a two-dimensional plane
Authors: Moldabayeva G. Zh , Imansakipova Z. B , Suleimenova R. T , Buktukov N. S , Imansakipova B. B
Published: February 2023

Purpose. Establishment of regularities of variability of pressure dynamics in the reservoir and development on this basis of methods of control and regulation of hydrocarbon production. Methodology. To achieve this goal, experimental studies were conducted, and the results of the experiments were summarized. Findings. Pressure distribution functions for stationary fluid inflow in two planes have been established, which allow monitoring and management of mining operations, especially at late stages of development. Originality. Based on the established regularities, a model of pressure distribution in the reservoir in a two-dimensional plane has been created. An experimental study of the pressure distribution in the reservoir was carried out, which allowed us to remove the characteristics of the pressure distribution along the axis of the segment of the oil reservoir under varying boundary conditions. Practical value. A mathematical model of pressure distribution processes along the angle of inclination is proposed, which allows determining the effectiveness of flooding. The influence of the deformability of the formation, the location of the well relative to its impenetrable roof and sole, the length of the horizontal trunk and the power of the opened formation on the magnitude and intensity of the inflow to the horizontal well is estimated.
Increasing the energy efficiency of modes of distribution networks with photovoltaic stations
Authors: Lutsenko I , Rukhlova N , Kyrychenko M , Tsyhan R , Panchenko V
Published: February 2023

Purpose. Establishing the regularities of changes in influence of power quality indicators caused by the operating modes of photovoltaic (PV) station inverters on the operating modes of distribution networks’ equipment to improve their energy efficiency by reducing power losses. Methodology. To solve the scientific problems, the following methods are used such as: the method of harmonic analysis (Fourier integral); decomposition of the current spectrum by amplitude-frequency component using Mdaq-14 hardware and software platforms and LabVIEW software; the method of data correlation analysis to determine the higher harmonic current dependence on the load of an on-grid inverter; mathematical and physical modeling in the development of a way to improve the energy efficiency of on-grid inverters of PV stations. Findings. The conducted studies on electromagnetic compatibility indicators of grid photovoltaic station inverters in stationary and dynamic operation modes made it possible to establish the characteristic regularities of changes in the spectrum and amplitudes of higher harmonic components depending on the level of inverter loading. Hyperbolic dependences of the change in the sinusoidal signal distortion coefficients of the harmonic component on the level of inverter loading were experimentally established. A method has been developed for reducing the electromagnetic interference levels caused by photovoltaic station converters by implementing a circuit solution and algorithm for loading on-grid inverters in non-stationary modes in order to improve their electromagnetic compatibility and increase the energy efficiency of distribution networks with appropriate decentralized sources. Originality. The regularities are established of influence of the operating mode’s parameters of photovoltaic station inverters on the indicators of electromagnetic compatibility in their power supply system, including taking into account special circuit solutions, which allows increasing the energy efficiency of distribution network modes. Practical value. The method for reducing the electromagnetic interference levels generated by photovoltaic station inverters by implementing the proposed circuit solution and algorithm for loading the on-grid inverters in non-stationary modes is universal and can be applied to any photovoltaic station. This will help to reduce the power losses and electromagnetic damage to equipment from the action of higher harmonic components. Granting the established regularities of higher harmonics influence will allow one to take into account the impact of the relevant indicators on the additional insulation heating of power supply system elements and to assess the corresponding electromagnetic damage, to provide recommendations for consideration of the modes in calculating methods and PV equipment selection.
Minimization of power fluctuations of wind power plants when constructed in exclusion zones of enterprises
Authors: Kachan Yu. G , Kuznetsov V. V , Shram O. A
Published: February 2023

Purpose. Development of a methodology for selecting types and quantities of wind turbines built in exclusion zones of industrial enterprises to minimize fluctuations in the power generated by them and increase the efficiency of their use. Methodology. The work used methods of synthesis of systems, computer modeling in the calculation of the optimal number of different types of wind turbines, methods of combinatorics. Findings. The developed method for designing wind power plants built in the exclusion zones of enterprises allows determining the required number of different types of wind turbines with different capacities and nominal values ​relative to the wind speed, which will provide the necessary generated power with minimal fluctuations. This makes it possible to notably reduce the capacity required for the accumulation of excess generation and to significantly reduce the cost of implementing wind turbines. Originality. The work proposes a methodology for designing wind power plants based on various wind turbines, taking into account their type, power and wind characteristics of the area where the wind power plant is being built. It has been found that the coefficient of fluctuation of the power generated by the wind power plant built on the same type of wind turbines does not depend on the capacity of such a station, nor on the number of wind turbines used, but only on the type of the latter and the wind characteristics of the area where it was built. Practical value. Wind power plants used at enterprises have significant daily and annual fluctuations in the power generated by them. The proposed approach allows reducing fluctuations of power generated by the station, as well as increasing the amount of electricity generation in comparison with the use of the same type of wind turbines.
Research on the impact of cognitive biases of workers on the subjective assessment of occupational risk
Authors: Zhanbirov Z. G , Deryugin O. V , Toktamyssova A. B , Agabekova D. A , Arkhirei M. M
Published: February 2023

Purpose. When assessing occupational risks (OR) of professional activities of employees of the motor transport company (MTC), there is often a problem to determine the probability of a hazardous event and the severity of its consequences under the influence of various cognitive biases. Therefore, there arises an urgent issue of taking into account the cognitive biases and their influence on the assessment of PR. This is achieved by studying the impact of awareness and worldview of employees on the assessment of PR and developing recommendations for reducing cognitive bias in determining the likelihood of a hazardous event. Methodology. The study involved 87 employees of the motor transport company of different ages, experience and level of education, who were interviewed on a specially designed checklist which provides for the ranking of harmful factors that affect the employee when performaning production tasks, taking into account the impact of five cognitive biases on the value the probability of a hazardous event. Findings. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that motor transport company workers with significant professional experience were most concerned about the intensity and pace of work, as well as the number of repetitive movements, which significantly affected the level of safety when performaning production tasks. Less experienced workers highlighted the intensity of work, the pace of work and the monotony of work and from the point of view of males, the greatest concern was the intensity and monotony of work, in contrast to females who are concerned about the pace of work and uncomfortable posture. It is determined that employees perceive occupational risk more optimistically if they understand that it is controlled. There has also been a deteriorating trend due to a lack of time to conduct a proper analysis of the impact of harmful factors on workers’ health. Originality. Relationship is established between cognitive biases that occur in employees during the assessment of OR with the determination of the probability of a hazardous situation, which increases the probability of errors from 10 to 20 % during professional activities. Practical value. Recommendations are developed to reduce the impact of subjective assessment on the magnitude of PR, which is based on increasing the number of participants with different worldviews, experience, education.
Analysis of numeric results for analogue of Galin’s problem in curvilinear coordinates
Authors: Shporta A. H , Kagadii T. S , Govorukha V. B , Onopriienko O. D , Zhao Shuo
Published: February 2023

Purpose. Studying the results obtained when applying the perturbation method to the individual contact problems solution. Considering the influence of non-ideal material properties of interaction bodies. Considering the contact area’s complex geometry influence. Methodology. Mathematical models of the interaction of an elastic plate with cylindrical anisotropy in the form of a curvilinear sector problems have been constructed and considered. In the process of interaction between the stamp and the plate, areas of slippage and adhesion occur. The original complex problems of the theory of elasticity in the process of applying the perturbation method are reduced to the sequential solution of the potential theory problems. Findings. An analytical solution to the interaction of an elastic anisotropic plate in the form of a curvilinear sector and a rigid stamp problem was obtained considering the existence of slippage and adhesion areas in the contact area. Laws of stress distribution under the stamp were found, as well as dependence of this distribution on the dimensions of the contact area. Originality. The perturbation method is convenient and expedient to use when solving mining mechanics problems. The study on the stress-strain state of an elastic anisotropic plate for the analogue of Galin’s problem was carried out, and the corresponding analytical solutions were obtained. The dependence of the coupling area size on the dimensions of the stamp and the opening angle of the sector, physical properties of the material is analyzed. Possible boundary transitions have been completed. Practical value. The proposed approach makes it possible to obtain analytical solutions to practically important problems in mining, to evaluate the stress-strain state of thick-walled structures with reinforcing elements, stamps, overlays. The results can be useful when designing mine workings.
Behavioral Pharmacology as the Main Approach to Study the Efficiency of Potential Psychotropic Drugs: Analysis of Modern Methods (Review)
Authors: Semina I. I. , Baichurina A. Z. , Nikitin D. O. , Nikitina A. V. , Moustafine R. I. , Khutoryanskiy V. V.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Behavioral methods on laboratory animals are recognized as the main approach in studying the activity of potential psychotropic drugs and allow us to evaluate the main effects of new compounds, increase the possibility of predicting a successful outcome of future clinical trials.

Text. This review article analyzes the main modern behavioral models in rodents that are widely used for screening and studying the pharmacological activity of potential psychotropic drugs. The advantages and disadvantages of each test are highlighted and complexes of behavioral methods are demonstrated that most conclusively confirm the reproducibility of the results obtained in clinical trials. The description and evaluation of behavioral methods that characterize the state of anxiety, which are used to screen for new compounds with anxiolytic activity (tests «Open field», «Dark-light chamber», «Elevated plus maze», «Sequence of rays»). The range of tests used to study cognitive functions and memory processes is widely presented (various mazes – T-shaped, U-shaped, radial maze, Barnes maze, E-maze; water mazes – Morris, T-maze) with a description of a comparative analysis and necessary conditions that ensure the reliability of information. An important direction in the field of behavioral pharmacology is the modeling of violations of social behavior and the study of approaches for its correction – the main methods necessary for the study of social behavior are presented in the review by the tests «Three-chamber social test», «Open field» extended test, etc.

Conclusion. Behavioral pharmacology dictates the need for close interaction between preclinical and clinical stages of research in the framework of the development of translational medicine and the development of approaches that provide evidence for the reproducibility of the results obtained in clinical trials. It is also necessary to improve existing and develop new behavioral models of mental disorders and to search for new ways to study the mechanisms of formation of behavioral disorders.
Neurobiological Effects of Chemical Compounds of Species of the Genus Astragalus L. and Prospects for Their Use in Medicine (Review)
Authors: Berezutsky M. A. , Durnova N. A. , Matvienko U. A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The genus Astragalus L. is one of the largest genera of flowering plants and includes at least 3,270 species. Individual species of this genus have long been used in traditional and scientific medicine. In recent years, species of the genus Astragalus L. have attracted attention because of the detection of a wide range of neurobiological effects in its representatives. The review presents an analysis of the literature data on experimental and partly clinical studies of various neurobiological effects of extracts and chemical compounds of species of this genus and the prospects for their use in medicine.

Text. A variety of neuroprotective effects of these compounds has been established. In many cases, inhibition of oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the development of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, has been noted as a neuroprotective mechanism. Chemical compounds contained in representatives of this genus protect brain neurons from ischemic damage, the effects of neurotoxins and glutamate, and beta-amyloid deposition. These substances have been found to inhibit increased acetylcholinesterase activity and dimyelination processes. These compounds also improve cognitive functions, including memory and learning. Their anticonvulsant effect has been established. Of particular interest is the data indicating the possibility of using some chemical compounds contained in representatives of the genus Astragalus L. in therapy of mental diseases, particularly schizophrenia.

Conclusion. The analysis of experimental works for the last ten years shows that extracts and chemical compounds of species of the genus Astragalus L. have a very heterogeneous spectrum of neurobiological action and, probably, may find application in the future as therapeutic agents in neurological and psychiatric practice. Unfortunately, in contrast to a large number of preclinical experiments, clinical trials of these compounds are sporadic. It is also noteworthy that less than one percent of the species of this genus have been investigated to date with respect to neurobiological activity. Thus, more extensive research, clinical trials, studies to standardize and establish therapeutic doses for humans of extracts and chemical compounds of species of the genus Astragalus L. are needed.
Simultaneous Determination of Major Molnupiravir Metabolite (β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine) and Favipiravir in Human Plasma by HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Komarov T. N. , Karnakova P. K. , Archakova O. A. , Shchelgacheva D. S. , Bagaeva N. S. , Shohin I. E. , Zaslavskaya K. Ya. , Bely P. A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2). COVID-19 is now expected to stay with us for many years as a recurring disease. Molnupiravir and favipiravir are oral antiviral drugs with anti-RNA polymerase activity. The Russian Health Ministry has approved molnupiravir and favipiravir for the treatment of COVID-19. The study describes development and validation of high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine and favipiravir in human blood plasma. The method could be applied in pharmacokinetic study of molnupiravir and favipiravir.

Aim. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a HPLC-MS/MS bioanalytical method for the determination of β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine and favipiravir in human plasma.

Materials and methods. The determination of β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine and favipiravir in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS. The samples were processed by 0.1 % formic acid in acetonitrile. Internal standard: promethazine. Mobile phase: 0.01 mol/L Ammonium formate buffer solution (Eluent A), 0.1 % formic acid and 0.08 % aqueous ammonia in water/acetonitrile 10 : 90 (Eluent B). Column: Shim-pack GWS C18, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm. Analytical range: 50.00–10000.00 ng/mL for β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine, 250.00–20000.00 ng/mL for favipiravir in human plasma. Ionization source: electrospray ionization. Detection conditions: 260.00 m/z → 82.10 m/z, 260.00 m/z → 111.00 m/z, 260.00 m/z → 127.95 m/z (β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine); 156.15 m/z → 65.95 m/z, 156.15 m/z → 85.00 m/z, 156.15 m/z → 113.10 m/z (favipiravir); 285.05 m/z → 198.05 m/z (promethazine).

Results and discussion. This method was validated by selectivity, suitability of reference standard, matrix effect, calibration curve, accuracy, precision, spike recovery, the lower limit of quantification, carry-over effect and stability.

Conclusion. The HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine and favipiravir in human plasma was developed and validated. The analytical range was 50.00–10000.00 ng/mL for β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine, 250.00–20000.00 ng/mL for favipiravir in human plasma. This method was applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of molnupiravir and favipiravir.
About Analytical and Technological Reasons of Out-of-Specification Results for Assay and Disolution Tests (Review)
Authors: Epshtein N. A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Out of specification (OOS) results represent a major challenge in the development, validation and use of the Assay and Dissolution methods. The topic is relevant, which is confirmed by Internet search data for the phrase "Out-of-Specification" + "HPLC" – about 35,300 results were found.

Text. The analytical and technological reasons (factors) that can lead to underestimated or overestimated test results are considered and systematized in the form of a summary table important for practice. These are the following factors. Factors associated with the calculation formula. Factors related to the preparation of samples. Factors related to the sample solvent and ratio of the pH the sample solution and the mobile phase. Factors associated with chromatograms and their processing. The main technological factors.

Conclusion. Data and recommendations are presented to search for analytical and technological reasons for obtaining Out-of-Specification results in the case of tests Assay and Dissolution.
АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЯ СТВОРЕННЯ, НАПОВНЕННЯ І АДМІНІСТРУВАННЯ КАТЕГОРІЙ КУРСІВ САЙТУ MOODLE
Authors: Щербина Олександр Андрійович
Published: February 2023

Ефективність і зручність використання сайту Moodle багато в чому визначається його структурою категорій курсів. Є два основні підходи до вибору структури категорій курсів на сайті університету. Перший їх структурує з точки зору викладачів: у категоріях курсів факультету розміщуються категорії курсів кафедр. Другий – з точки зору студентів: у категорії курсів факультетів розміщуються категорії курсів освітніх програм. У роботі розглядається структура, яка найкраще поєднує ці два підходи. У ній як базовий використовується перший підхід, а списки курсів за освітніми програмами формуються у формі гіперпосилань, що реалізуються за допомогою елементів курсу Субкурс, розміщених у спеціально створених для них службових курсах. Це дає змогу імпортувати в журнал оцінок службового курсу результатів навчання з усіх дисциплін певної освітньої програми і року навчання та розрахувати на їх основі поточний рейтинг кожного студента, який система Moodle оновлює щохвилини, а в зворотному напрямку експортувати списки студентів. Тоді зарахування студента у службовий курс чи відрахування з нього викликає такі ж дії в усіх курсах цієї освітньої програми. Така структура сайту має істотні переваги, однак її створення вимагає великого обсягу робіт адміністратора, отже, потребує автоматизації. Для цього в роботі використовується утиліта Moosh, призначена для адміністрування сайту Moodle через командний рядок, що значно пришвидшує процес адміністрування при порівнянні з виконанням тих самих дій через власний інтерфейс Moodle. Ще більшого пришвидшення можна досягати, якщо запускати на виконання в Moosh файли, що містять багато таких команд. Але основним змістом цієї роботи є автоматизація створення самих файлів з командами. Це більшою мірою пришвидшує процес адміністрування й підвищує його якість завдяки зменшенню кількості помилок, які мають місце під час ручного набору команд чи адміністрування сайту власними засобами Moodle. У роботі описано процес створення файлів команд, які забезпечують виконання в автоматичному режимі всіх робіт, пов’язаних зі створенням зазначеної вище структури сайту: створення категорій курсів, створення службових курсів та їх наповнення, а також подальше адміністрування сайту, пов’язане із зарахуванням студентів на курси нового навчального року, їх відрахування з минулорічних курсів тощо. Також розглядаються нові плагіни, які підтримують функціонування такої структури сайту.
Ecotheology: environmental ethical view in water spring protection
Authors: Maksum A , Sopyan AR , Indiyanto A , Wahyuni EN
Published: February 2023

Ecotheology involves the fundamental awareness of local communities and their social solidarity to protect the sustainability of nature. Therefore, it is critical to address problems in nature caused by increasing tourism industry development. This article discusses social movements sparked by religious and critical awareness of the development issue in conservation zones. We conducted a qualitative participatory interview with 9 key actors in Batu, Indonesia, using an ecotheological approach. Group discussions were held with the participants during demonstrations, festivals, and cultural rituals. This research found that individuals who rely for their daily needs only on water springs have significant connections to ecological and spiritual values, and they resist with their cultural capital when the government’s actions threaten the sustainability of the springs. Environmental ethics as a theological belief has shaped the community’s traditions and cultural traits. Thus, the current study serves as the basis for policymakers in planning development, prioritizing a cultural approach, and considering the possibility of environmental degradation.
Novel Treatment Options for Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Authors: Campo Ilaria , Kadija Zamir , Zorzetto Michele , Mariani Francesca , Paracchini Elena , Luisetti Maurizio
Published: February 2023

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a diffuse pulmonary disease, characterised by the accumulation of lipoproteinaceous material in the distal air spaces, which results in impaired gas transfer. Autoimmune PAP accounts for the vast majority of cases in humans and is caused by autoantibodies directed towards granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which causes a defect in the function of alveolar macrophages linked to the disruption of surfactant homeostasis. Whole lung lavage (WLL) is the current standard of care for PAP patients and although it is effective in the majority of cases, disease persistence is not an unusual outcome, even if airspace accumulation is well controlled by WLL. Even though WLL remains the current standard therapy for PAP, in this review we focus on novel treatment approaches for autoimmune PAP.
A Short Overview on Therapeutic Biomarkers for Muscle Invasive Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Sadaf Anika , Ismail Khondaker Md
Published: February 2023

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the second most common urologic malignancy after prostatic adenocarcinoma. UC comprises more than 90% of urinary bladder tumours. The intense research involving the different molecular aspects of bladder malignancies offers potential opportunities to improve understanding of bladder cancer biology; helps to identify disease earlier; and improves prediction of outcomes or helps targeted therapy.

This review highlights the general concepts of the molecular features: molecular pathways for bladder carcinomas and molecular biomarkers for potential target for treatment of UC of the bladder. This discussion could improve the understating of pathogenesis as well as will provide new therapeutic modules, e.g., targeted therapy.

This article is a review of bladder cancer genetics, focusing on molecular changes and their significance in the pathogenesis and progression of muscle invasive UC. Also, the relevant genetic biomarkers and their products, and new therapeutic targets and agents that are being developed are presented here.
A mediação do trabalho por plataformas digitais e seus impactos para a autonomia dos trabalhadores
Authors: Martins Helena , Valente Jonas C. L. , Polo Marina , Rodrigues Mirele , Pacheco Raíssa
Published: February 2023

O texto analisa as múltiplas mediações do trabalho por plataformas digitais, interrogando os impactos dessas dinâmicas de mediação sobre a autonomia dos trabalhadores nesses espaços. A investigação se deteve sobre dez plataformas digitais de trabalho “freelancer”: Workana, Freelaweb.com.br, 99 Freelas, Get Ninjas, Freelas, Comunica Freelancer, Wedologos, Vintepila, Vinteconto e Rockcontent Talent Network. São examinadas as múltiplas mediações do trabalho pelas plataformas digitais, que se dão em relação ao capital em geral, no emprego do trabalho para viabilização de atividades sociais e no agenciamento específico da contratação a força de trabalho. O trabalho analisa as estratégias de controle dos trabalhadores por parte das plataformas e os modos de limitação de sua autonomia. Essas restrições são impostas de diversas formas. No caso das plataformas, elas incluem regras das plataformas sobre acesso aos trabalhos, mecanismo de remuneração e procedimentos para a seleção, execução e avaliação das tarefas executadas. Parte delas prevê formatos e conteúdos pré-estabelecidos. Outra dimensão do controle e limitação das autonomias ocorre pelos contratantes, que estabelecem conteúdos, parâmetros e prazos, bem como controla o processo produtivo intelectual. A análise aponta como a mediação das plataformas viabiliza aprofundamento da subsunção do trabalho intelectual e reduz a autonomia do trabalhador mesmo que sob um discurso de “independência” destes na execução das tarefas.
“O nosso sofrimento é maior do que a gente expressa”: As condições laborais dos entregadores por aplicativo no Distrito Federal
Authors: Santos Kethury Magalhães dos
Published: February 2023

O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar quais são as condições laborais dos entregadores por aplicativos na capital do país e, também, refletir sobre a precarização do trabalho na era digital. Para conhecer o perfil e compreender as especificidades da categoria, realizou-se entrevistas através de questionário semiestruturado. Neste sentido, a conclusão da pesquisa aponta para a predominância masculina, jovem e periférica em ocupações precárias e indica a persistência das desigualdades sociais e raciais no Distrito Federal.
Solar System Wave Packet
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: February 2023

If Titius-Bode Law (TBL) was only a relation between three, four or even five planets, then we could call it a coincidence, but when it is true for seven planets, plus Ceres and Pluto (nine objects), there is definitely a reason for it. Here, we show that, probably, the existence of a standing and cosine wave packet in solar system, with the wavelength λ = 0.6 AU (AU represents the distance of Earth from the sun) and the phase constant ∅0=π/6, is the reason for TBL. In this article we obtain the equation of this wave packet. In this article we prove that without Solar System Wave Packet (SSWP), it is not possible to reach to the TBL from the protoplanetary disk of solar system. Here we show that the nebular theory (or nebular hypothesis) without SSWP theory is an incomplete theory.
Nya böcker
Authors: Olsson Gudrun , Söderlind Ingrid
Published: February 2023

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New perspectives on the induction and acceleration of immune-associated thrombosis by PF4 and VWF
Authors: Liu Zhi-Yan , Sun Min-Xue , Hua Man-Qi , Zhang Han-Xu , Mu Guang-Yan , Zhou Shuang , Wang Zhe , Xiang Qian , Cui Yi-Min
Published: February 2023

Platelet factor 4 (PF4), also known as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4), is a specific protein synthesized from platelet α particles. The combination of PF4 and heparin to form antigenic complexes is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), but vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) related to the COVID-19 vaccine makes PF4 a research hotspot again. Similar to HIT, vaccines, bacteria, and other non-heparin exposure, PF4 can interact with negatively charged polyanions to form immune complexes and participate in thrombosis. These anions include cell surface mucopolysaccharides, platelet polyphosphates, DNA from endothelial cells, or von Willebrand factor (VWF). Among them, PF4–VWF, as a new immune complex, may induce and promote the formation of immune-associated thrombosis and is expected to become a new target and therapeutic direction. For both HIT and VITT, there is no effective and targeted treatment except discontinuation of suspected drugs. The research and development of targeted drugs based on the mechanism of action have become an unmet clinical need. Here, this study systematically reviewed the characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms of PF4 and VWF, elaborated the potential mechanism of action of PF4–VWF complex in immune-associated thrombosis, summarized the current status of new drug research and development for PF4 and VWF, and discussed the possibility of this complex as a potential biomarker for early immune-associated thrombosis events. Moreover, the key points of basic research and clinical evaluation are put forward in the study.
The process of hypertension induced by high-salt diet: Association with interactions between intestinal mucosal microbiota, and chronic low-grade inflammation, end-organ damage
Authors: Zheng Tao , Wu Yi , Guo Kang-xiao , Tan Zhou-jin , Yang Tao
Published: February 2023

Inflammation and immunity play a major role in the development of hypertension, and a potential correlation between host mucosal immunity and inflammatory response regulation. We explored the changes of intestinal mucosal microbiota in hypertensive rats induced by high-salt diet and the potential link between the intestinal mucosal microbiota and inflammation in rats. Therefore, we used PacBio (Pacific Bioscience) SMRT sequencing technology to determine the structure of intestinal mucosal microbiota, used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determined the proinflammatory cytokines and hormones associated with hypertension in serum, and used histopathology methods to observe the kidney and vascular structure. We performed a potential association analysis between intestinal mucosal characteristic bacteria and significantly different blood cytokines in hypertensive rats induced by high-salt. The results showed that the kidney and vascular structures of hypertensive rats induced by high salt were damaged, the serum concentration of necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), angiotensin II (AngII), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the coefficient of immune organ spleen was significantly changed (p < 0.05), but there was no significant change in serum lipids (p > 0.05). From the perspective of gut microbiota, high-salt diet leads to significant changes in intestinal mucosal microbiota. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. and Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum were the dominant differential bacteria in intestinal mucosal, with the AUC (area under curve) value of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. and Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum were 1 and 0.875 according to ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis. Correlation analysis showed that Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. was correlated with IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and Ang II. Based on our results, we can speculated that high salt diet mediated chronic low-grade inflammation through inhibited the growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. in intestinal mucosa and caused end-organ damage, which leads to hypertension.