bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Développement stratégique de services sociaux innovants à Elbasan
Authors: Denisa Ballhysa
Published: January 2022

Les temps modernes ont apporté des changements majeurs à la vie sociale conceptuelle. Même les dimensions à évaluer non seulement sur le plan sociologique et conceptuel, mais aussi pour tenir compte des efforts plus conjoints de l'État, de la société et de la famille. Surtout pour la construction de politiques de droits sociaux, intégrées en améliorant la structure des relations sociales. Cela devrait être l'essence de chaque politique sociale régionale, la manière locale d'organiser la vie communautaire. En termes de décentralisation des services sociaux, les services d'intégration sont des indications que les autorités locales devraient évaluer non seulement pour enraciner le «conseil de la société», mais cibler les groupes les plus vulnérables. Rendu nécessaire par la mise en œuvre d'un instrument communautaire des politiques sociales les plus innovantes étant considéré comme une trace du travail méthodologique et comment faire avancer le volet d'amélioration: Zone du plan social. Dans ce cas, sa mise en œuvre affectera le développement stratégique de services sociaux innovants pour améliorer et fournir plus de services sociaux intégrés à la santé non seulement pour la ville mais aussi dans la municipalité d'Elbasan Paper, Labino -Fushe, Tregan, Shirgjan, Shushicë, pour répondre aux politiques locales pour l'économie, le social et la culture, créant l'intégration sociale des services de santé, un calendrier d'activités pour la mise en œuvre des priorités dans le domaine de la protection sociale, à une vision commune de la prestation de services.
Evaluation of Incompliance Criteria CPPB-IRT in Chocolate Processed (Company X)
Authors: Junuda Nur Khairun Nisa , Latief Rindam , Dirpan Andi
Published: January 2022

MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) have proven to survive and restore the economy in Indonesia. However, in practice, there are still several obstacles, one of which is standardization. Standardization is essential for business actors because it serves as a benchmark for the readiness of the MSMEs to compete and meet market demands, both domestic and foreign. MSMEs Chocolate X, which is engaged in chocolate processing, in this case still faces various obstacles and needs proper handling so that it is ready to become a local product on an international scale. This research method uses descriptive methods, including observation, interviews, and documentation of all activities related to the production process. The results showed that there were several deviations found in MSMEs Chocolate X, including (1) maintenance and cleanliness of ventilation, doors, and windows, (2) the presence of a person in charge of employee health and hygiene, (3) the presence of a person in charge who has a food safety instructor certificate, (4) routine internal supervision and corrective actions within the company, (5) updating production documents, easy to store (at least 2x shelf life of food products) and easy to find, (6) food safety training program for employees. The status of the implementation of CPPB in MSMEs Chocolate X has a grade of D (deficient) with a rating of IV.
Increasing Productivity and Biomass of Corn Plants Toward Grant Organic Fertilizer and Liquid Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Alfarisy Muh. Yazir , Yassi Amir , Mustari Kahar
Published: January 2022

The use of corn as animal feed focuses on the use of biomass as feed for ruminants and shelled corn as poultry feed. One of the efforts to increase biomass and protein in corn is by applying fertilizer, namely organic fertilizer. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using granular and solid organic fertilizers and to determine the best concentration of both types of fertilizers in increasing maize productivity and biomass. The study was designed using a Split Plot Design with an environmental design, namely a Randomized Block Design (RAK). The main plot is organic fertilizer granule petroganik consisting of 3 levels, namely control (G0), 1000 kg ha-1 (G1) and 2000 kg ha-1 (G2). The sub-plots were Biotani liquid organic fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels, namely control (P0), 2 cc/L (P1). 4 cc/L (P2), 6 cc/L (P3). The treatment of granule and liquid organic fertilizer increased the growth potential and productivity of maize. The optimal treatment of granulated organic fertilizer is G1 treatment. Meanwhile, the best treatment for liquid organic fertilizer is P1 treatment. The combination of G1P1 is still recommended even though there is no interaction between granule and liquid organic treatments.
FUNGSI MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM SISTEM PEMILIHAN UMUM DALAM RANGKA PENEGAKKAN NEGARA HUKUM DAN DEMOKRASI
Authors: Kartika Adhitya Widya
Published: January 2022

Urgensinya Pemilu adalah pentingnya untuk penjaminan hak rakyat yang tercantum dalam konstitusi dibutuhkan MKRI sebagai checks and balances. Penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan doktrin hukum. Hasil Penelitiannya MKRI memiliki peran mewujudkan demokrasi berkeadilan harena memiliki kewenangan pengujian yang fungsinya itu berkaitan dengan prinsip ckeks and balances. Kesimpulan Peran MKRI penting tidak hanya hal perselisihan kuantitatif tetapi juga kualitatif. Hak-hak rakyat yang merupakan kedaulatan rakyat yang dalamnya terdapat prinsip demokrasi akhirnya tergantung pada hakim MKRI dalam hal penanganan upaya yang diajukan warga negara sesuai kewenangannya. Fungsi MKRI dalam sistem pemilu dalam rangka penegakkan demokrasi dan juga negara hukum dapat dilihat dalam proses penanganan sengketa PHPU oleh MKRI. Hakim MKRI yang profesional sebagai the Guardian of Constitution menjaga hak rakyat agar terwujud demokrasi yang berkeadilan. Pertama, sebagai the guardian of constitution dalam system demokrasi di Indonesia dengan menangani PHPU sebagaimana mestinya melindungi hak warga negara yang merupakan salah satu HAM. Kedua, penafsir tunggal konstitusi ketika melakukan penafsiran pada konstitusi untuk PHPU dan hanya MKRI saja yang memiliki kewenangan untuk itu. Ketiga, peran putusan MKRI dalam penegakkan bersifat final and binding terhadap PHPU oleh karena harus dilaksanakan. Hal ini juga secara tidak langsung MKRI melaksanakan fungsinya sebagai pelindung demokrasi.
Effects of a 4D program on blood sugar control among patients with type 2 diabetes in Pathumthani Province
Authors:   Department of Health Education and Health Behaviors, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Therawiwat Manirat , Imamee Nirat ,   Public Health Program, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Jaiua Daranee ,   Health Development Unit, Chulalongkorn Hospital, Thai Red Cross
Published: January 2022

Diabetes is considered the most common non-communicable disease, coupled with high blood pressure and lipids. Thus, decreasing carbohydrate, sugar, fat and sodium (4Ds) are target behaviors for patients with diabetes to reduce the chance of long-term complications. This two-group, quasi-experimental research was designed mainly to assess the effects of a 4Ds program on dietary behaviors and blood sugar control of patients with type 2 diabetes in Pathumthani Province. Seventy patients were recruited from the sub-district health promotion hospital (HPH) of Muang District. The experimental group attended the program activities based on Bandura’s social learning theory for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-test data were collected using a structured interview questionnaire. T-test was applied to test the program effectiveness. Findings affirmed the effectiveness of the 4Ds program. Because the experimental group gained more knowledge and had higher self-efficacy to manage blood sugar control behaviors, better perceived outcome expectations in modifying the behaviors and significantly less carbohydrate, sugar, fat and sodium consumption than the comparison group was observed (p<0.001). Their average fasting blood sugar (FBS) decreased to the desired controllable level. The average FBS of the comparison group slightly decreased. The FBS of the experimental group was significantly decreased than the comparison group (p<0.001). In designing an intervention, health officers may use self-efficacy as a starting point of the program features and the knowledge required should be relevant to the designed behavioral targets
Disparities in micronutrient intake among children 6-23 months in Ethiopia: a multi-level analysis based on national survey data
Authors:   College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, Regassa Geda Nigatu
Published: January 2022

Both micronutrient deficiency and undernutrition among children are priority areas of public health concern in Ethiopia. The main objective of this study was to examine the factors associated with disparities in micronutrients intake among children 6-23 months. Data were drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). A total of 3076 children aged 6-23 months were used for the present analysis. The outcome variable was multiple micronutrient intake, which was constructed based on the linear combination of six sets of variables (4 supplements and 2 food-based intakes). Mixed-effect Poisson regression model was used to assess the determinants of multiple micronutrient intakes. The regression results show that micronutrient intakes were lower among children of non-first birth order by 58% (IRR=0.492, 95% CI:0.441-0.550); higher for children who got antenatal care (ANC) service during pregnancy (RR=1.121 95%CI:1.027-1.224) and postnatal care service in the first two months after birth (RR=1.255, 95% CI:1.138-1.383). Other predictors included mother’s age (RR=1.246, 95%CI: 1.118-1.389), parity (RR=1.538, 95% CI:1.316-1.798), maternal education (RR=1.204, 95%CI:1.089-1.331, maternal work status, household wealth, and access to the radio. The results also showed a regional disparity in micronutrient intake. Given the huge adverse impacts of poor micronutrient intake, fortification (supply side) is suggested as one of the ways to enable households to get easy access to these essential micronutrients. In conjunction with this, improving knowledge and attitude mothers through continuous behavioral change communication approaches could make a significant impact on the uptake of micronutrient supplements.
Prevalence of mental health problems and associated factors of Thai healthcare workers during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Phitsanulok, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Thailand, Komwong Daoroong , Prasanthanakul Jirakeat ,   Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Phitsanulok, Faculty of Public Health and Allied Health Sciences, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Thailand, Phanasathit Muthita ,   Department of Psychiatry, Center of Excellence of Applied Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand, Wongwan Taniya ,   Health Check Up and Occupational Medicine Center, Pitsanuvej Hospital, Phitsanulok, Thailand,   Department of community and occupational medicine Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this cross-sectional, national online survey was to assess the magnitude of mental health problems and to identify job task and organizational factors associated with mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in Thailand. The data were collected during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 1-15, 2020). Study participants were 417 healthcare workers in public health care facilities of all 12 health regions in Thailand. Demographic data, job task and organizational factors, and mental health outcomes were collected. The mental health outcome was assessed by the Thai version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with mental health outcomes. The results found that most participants were women (77.7%). The largest proportion of participants were nurses (40.5%), followed by public health officers (20.9%). The average age of participants was 41.82 years (SD=10.06). We identified 21.1%, 22.5%, and 15.3% of all respondents had mild to extremely severe depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. Caring for inpatients with COVID-19 was associated with anxiety (aOR=3.41; 95% CI= 1.34, 8.68) and stress (aOR =2.96; 95% CI= 1.11, 7.95). Lack of readiness among management to reduce infection risk, inadequate PPE, working with the fear of being infected and transmitting infection when returning home, and having patients who did not strictly adhere to guidelines were identified as risk factors for all mental health outcomes, after adjustment for confounding. Organizational approaches, such as effective management can help reduce infection of both patients and healthcare providers. These strategies may also protect the mental health of health care workers in a “new, emerging phase” or a future wave of COVID-19 cases.
Banana Stem Charcoal as Adsorbents Reduce Water Hardness Levels
Authors: Ronny Ronny , Irfai Irfai , Mahyudin Dedi , Jasman Jasman
Published: January 2022

One of the chemical parameters in the requirements of clean water is water hardness. Hardness is a term used in water containing cations that cause hardness. Generally, hardness caused by the presence of metals or cations which have a valence of 2, such as Fe, Sr, Mn, Ca and Mg. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of banana stem charcoal as an adsorbent in reducing water hardness. The process of charcoal banana stem adsorbent dried under the sun for one week, and in the oven at 110Â°C for 24 hours to reduce moisture and moisture content. Next, to remove volatile materials, the hydrolyzed sample was heated at 400Â°C to become charcoal with 30 minutes in the furnace after which it was sieved with 106 Âµm and 250 Âµm sieves and stored in a desiccator. From the results of the study, it found that the banana charcoal adsorption process can reduce the water hardness level to reach 43.56% for the contact time of about 240 minutes with the thickness of the charcoal used around 5 cm. Then from the t-test analysis showed a significant difference before and after using banana stem charcoal as an adsorbent medium. Banana stem charcoal can be an alternative to adsorbent media to reduce the level of water pollution in addition to other media that commonly used.
Analysis of Social Capital in the Women Farmers Group of Dorang Cinta, Surabaya City
Authors: Kurniasari Dwiyana Anela , Krisna Dianto Andri
Published: January 2022

Social capital is one of the capitals that can be used for farmers to strengthen their groups. This social capital is one aspect that can make people join so that they can achieve common goals based on the aspect of togetherness, bound by trust, based on norms and values ​​that are upheld and adhered to by the community as well as a good communication network. The aims of this study are: (1) To describe the social and economic conditions of the members of the Dorang Cinta Women's Farmer Group in Surabaya. (2) Analyzing social capital in the Dorang Cinta Women's Farmer Group, Surabaya City. The location of the research was carried out purposively, namely in RT 10 RW 03, Perak Barat Village, Krembangan District, Surabaya City in the Dorang Cinta Women's Farmer Group. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The data analysis method in this study is a descriptive method using a questionnaire containing a list of questions that have been compiled in the form of a Likert scale. Analyzing social capital consists of several elements, namely: (1) Trust and Norms. The conclusion of this study is that the social capital of members of the Dorang Cinta Women's Farmer Group is included in the high category, namely 3.66. The assessment of each element of social capital which consists of trust and norms is included in the high category.
Corporate Profitability and Shareholder Meeting Participation in Italian Listed Companies
Authors: Ianniello Giuseppe , Stefanoni Alessandra
Published: January 2022

This paper intends to investigate the relationship between the attendance of annual general meetings (AGMs) and company performance in terms of profitability. In particular, it is intended to highlight some elements that can be interpreted as constituting attendance at the shareholder meetings, for example, the number of shareholders present at the shareholder meeting, the share of authorized capital attending the shareholder meeting, and the duration of the shareholder meeting. Following this analysis, attention is devoted to the relationship between corporate performance and shareholder meeting participation (one of the possible governance mechanisms available to monitor the activity carried out by company management). We analyse the AGMs convened for the adoption of financial statements. Empirically, the study uses the minutes of the meetings of a sample of Italian listed companies held in 2017 and 2018 on the occasion of the adoption of financial statements for the 2016 and 2017 fiscal periods, respectively. The main results show a positive relationship between the share of authorized capital attending annual shareholder meetings and the level of corporate profitability of Italian listed companies.
Luigi Giuliani y Victoria Pineda, eds., «Entra el editor y dice: ecdótica y acotaciones teatrales (siglos XVI y XVII)»
Authors: Monzó Clara
Published: January 2022

Reseña de Luigi Giuliani y Victoria Pineda, eds., «Entra el editor y dice»: ecdótica y acotaciones teatrales (siglos XVI y XVII), Edizioni Ca’ Foscari (Biblioteca di Rassegna iberistica,10), Venecia, 2018, 352 pp. ISBN 9788869693052.
The potential application of sheep wool as a component of composites
Authors: Szatkowski Piotr , Tadla Alina , Flis Zuzanna , Szatkowska Martyna , Suchorowiec Katarzyna , Molik Edyta
Published: January 2022

Composite materials, which can have a wide range of properties, can have an important role in protecting the natural environment. Until now, the most popular fibres used in composites have been those obtained by chemical processes. Natural fibres are much less commonly used, but interest in them is growing due to the principles of eco-development, care for the environment, and their important fact that they are biodegradable. Sheep wool, due to its unique physicochemical properties, such as thermal and sound insulation and the ability to absorb and release moisture, can be used as a fibre in biodegradable composites. Biodegradable polymers are becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to plastics, which have a negative impact on the environment. Although the use of biodegradable polymers is limited by their poor mechanical and thermal properties, a filler in the form of sheep wool fibres increases the mechanical properties of the composite and reduces production costs, while maintaining its biodegradability. Mixed wool is treated as a waste product which is difficult to utilize in the textile industry, but innovative applications in agriculture and medicine provide the opportunity to make use of it. As a fibre with unique physicochemical properties, wool can be used as an element of biocomposites in line with the strategies of bioeconomy and sustainable development.
Covid-19: the most common occupational disease in 2020 in the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Krišto Ivana , Kovač Cvetan , Šijaković Ana
Published: January 2022

The global pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the consequent illness of healthcare workers from Covid-19 are largely responsible for the increase in the reported number of occupational diseases in the healthcare and social care sector in 2020 in the Republic of Croatia. It is important to note that Covid-19 was the most common occupational disease in the field in 2020. The health sector is first in line as a result of workers’ role in the diagnosis and treatment of those suffering from the disease and it could therefore be expected that the largest number of sick workers would be in this sector. After recovery (approximately 15 days), and assuming there are no complications, sick workers return to work but as we do not yet know the extent of the effects of this disease, it is not possible to predict whether there will be subsequent absences due to complications from Covid-19. This article reports the trends in the notification of occupational diseases under Croatia’s involved reporting system and categorises workers experiencing occupational diseases by type of disease, sector of activity and geographical location.
Hungary and its civil society organisations – a fateful example for south-east Europe?
Authors: Hien Melanie
Published: January 2022

Over the course of the last decade, the Hungarian government has been tightening the space for independent civil society. Fidesz, the ruling party, has been seeking to build long-lasting strings of national and right-wing power. Meanwhile similar tendencies are being practised in neighbouring countries, including Slovenia and Slovakia. The calculated protests of the European Union and its institutions are a reaction to Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán’s open plans to establish an ‘illiberal democracy’ in Hungary and, if possible, in other parts of central and south-eastern Europe. Against this background, this article assesses the relationship between the Hungarian government and its civil society organisations on the one hand and the repercussions that this has for central and south-eastern Europe on the other. Three guiding questions must be discussed: why is civil society in Hungary in such a difficult position? Furthermore, in what ways are the structural discrimination against independent organisations being justified? And, finally, what is the role played by Hungary’s east European neighbours?
Entwicklung und Vollendung des Strafgesetzbuches der Volksrepublik China
Authors: Gao Mingxuan
Published: January 2022

Prof. Mingxuan Gao is one of the most famous Chinese criminal law scholars and is regarded as a "leading scholar of criminal law" and "one of the founders of the new Chinese criminal law". He was involved in the introduction of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China in 1979 and the comprehensive revision of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China in 1997. Based on his observations and reflections on the process of criminal legislation, The Birth and Development of Criminal Law in the People's Republic of China is undoubtedly Prof. Mingxuan Gao's masterpiece and the best way for foreign readers to understand Chinese criminal law.
Der Ausbau der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung zu einer Erwerbstätigenversicherung und ihre Stellung in Europa
Authors: Schimmang Maren
Published: January 2022

The paper deals with the question under which German and under which European guidelines the statutory pension insurance could be transformed into an employment insurance. First, it is clarified what the term employment insurance and social insurance means. In the following, it is clarified whether the different forms of employment such as self-employment or forms of employment exempt from pension insurance or exempt from compulsory pension insurance should be included in an employment insurance. At the same time, it is questioned whether and under what conditions insurance obligations that are not linked to gainful employment may be changed.
Association Between Thyroid Parenchymal Echogenicity and Thyroid Function in Pediatric Population
Authors: Çolak Edis , Özkan Behzat
Published: January 2022

Background: The association between the thyroid echo pattern and thyroid function has an important impact on the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases in children. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare thyroid parenchymal echogenicity with thyroid function tests and evaluate the value of a thyroid ultrasound (US) in predicting thyroid function parameters in the pediatric population. Methods: A total of 434 children (age range: 5 - 18 years; mean age: 13.18 ± 3.42 years) were categorized into two groups based on the thyroid parenchymal appearance on the US as subjects with homogeneous (group 1) and heterogeneous (group 2) echo patterns. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab), and thyroperoxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) levels were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: The levels of TSH, fT3, fT4, Tg-Ab, and TPO-Ab were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.0001). All thyroid function tests were within normal ranges in 73.4% (168/229) and 14.6% (30/205) of children with homogeneous and heterogeneous echo patterns, respectively. The homogeneous thyroid gland on the US had 73.8% sensitivity in predicting normal TSH and 100% sensitivity in predicting normal fT3 and fT4. The sensitivity for predicting negative Tg-Ab and TPO-Ab were 78.7 and 85.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The current study compared the homogeneous and heterogeneous thyroid echo patterns with the thyroid function tests in children. The obtained results confirmed the value of the thyroid US in predicting thyroid function in the pediatric population.
A Case of Erdheim-Chester Disease with Omental Caking Initially Mistaken for a Malignancy
Authors: Rasuli Bahman , Shooshtarizadeh Tina , Hashemi Seyedmajid
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is an uncommon non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Bilateral symmetric sclerosis of the long bones and possible multiorgan involvement are the main presentations of this disease. Histologically, lipid-laden foamy histiocytes are positive immunochemically for CD68 (occasionally for PS100) and negative for S100 and CD1a in ECD. Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 35-year-old man diagnosed with ECD with peritoneal and retroperitoneal infiltrations and bone involvement. The diagnosis of ECD was only confirmed after two years of non-specific abdominal pain, nausea, and weight loss. Primarily, the patient’s clinical symptoms and abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings, which indicated omental caking, peritoneal thickening, and perinephric soft tissue density, suggested an intra-abdominal malignancy. Finally, a peritoneal biopsy was carried out, which demonstrated xanthogranulomatous infiltrations from ECD. Further radiographic skeletal survey based on histopathological results showed symmetric osteosclerosis of the long bones. Conclusion: Although ECD, associated with peritoneal and retroperitoneal infiltrations, is an uncommon finding, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with non-specific gastrointestinal manifestations, along with multiorgan involvement and typical radiological findings.
A EXPANSÃO DA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM DIREITO NO BRASIL (1998-2017): AVANÇO QUANTITATIVO E PERSISTÊNCIAS METODOLÓGICAS
Authors: Rocha Décio Vieira da , Leal Fernando , Ribeiro Leandro Molhano
Published: January 2022

O objetivo do artigo é descrever aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos da expansão dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Direito nas últimas duas décadas (1998-2017). Para isso construímos um banco de dados original com dados públicos dos programas da área contidos na plataforma Sucupira e no GeoCAPES. A análise dos dados revela que a área do Direito teve um crescimento substantivo tanto do ponto de vista quantitativo (expansão no número de discentes, docente, cursos e publicações) quanto qualitativo (formação de quadros de pesquisadores metodologicamente orientados). Além disso, o movimento de expansão foi acompanhado de uma diversificação temática de estudos, configurando programas cada vez mais multidisciplinares. Em grande medida, tal crescimento está associado a incentivos proporcionados pela atividade regulatória da Capes. Porém, aparentemente, esse aumento não veio acompanhado de um maior rigor nos métodos de análise (quantitativos ou qualitativos) para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas na área do Direito, o que pode explicar a pouca reprodutibilidade e pouco impacto das pesquisas elaboradas na área.
Smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors in 112 oncology patients diagnosed with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Hristamyan Meri , Raycheva Ralitsa , Hristamyan Veselka
Published: January 2022

Background: Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BAONJ) is a complication of great medical importance. Some of the most discussed and controversial aspects are the risk factors, some of which are related to patients' smoking and alcohol consumption. The Aim: To study cancer patients with BAONJ and determine their participation in the mentioned above risky health-related habits. Material and methods: A prospective epidemiological study of 112 patients diagnosed with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw in 2016 and 2017 was conducted at the Clinic of Maxillofacial surgery of University hospital "St. George", Plovdiv, Bulgaria, based on anamnesis, clinical examination, and hospital documentation. SPSS Statistics v.24 was used for statistical analysis, at a significance level p<0.05. Results: Over 2/3 of the patients were smokers (40.18%) or ex-smokers (25.00%), which linked them with the risk factor of smoking. At the time of the study, patients smoking between 1 and 9 and between 10 and 19 cigarettes a day had equal relative shares of 44.22%. More than half of the patients smoked from the age of 20-39, which we explain by the high average age. The majority of patients studied consumed alcohol, most often once a week or on weekends (28.57%) or only on occasions (26.79%), followed by 24.11% who used alcohol several times per week. Nearly 2/3 drink drinks with both low and high alcohol content. Conclusion: The highest proportion of patients are smokers / ex-smokers and consume alcoholic beverages occasionally, which links them to these risk potential factors.
Statistical analysis of criteria for efficiency of filling of permanent teeth in children
Authors: Klitynska Oksana , Hasiuk Natalia , Hasiuk Petro , Vasko Artur , Gurando Viacheslav , Zorivchak Tetiana , Stishkovsky Andriy
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The effectiveness of caries treatment depends on many factors, such as the condition of dental tissues, the stage of root development, the period of dentition, the quality of preparation and isolation, the optimal choice of material for restoration. The problem of choosing the filling material is acute in each treatment of caries in children with mixed and permanent dentition. The aim: Todetermine and statistically substantiate parameters for choosing restorative material for permanent teeth in children with different stages of root development. Materials and methods: 248 children aged 7 to 11 (122 boys and 126 girls) and 246 children aged 12 to 17 (120 boys and 126 girls),students of Uzhhorod Secondary School №20 were examined. Restoration materials -"Polofil Supra" (VOCO, Germany) and "DyracteXtra" (Densply, USA). The following criteria were investigated: saliva pH, area of destruction of the occlusal surface of masticatory teeth, stage of root development, depth of the lesion and cavity topography, the acid resistance of the enamel. For the purpose of statistical justification of the selected parameters that pointed as significant in the choice of restorative materials, and for the analysis of the interrelations of the parameters studied, the Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was determined. The correlation coefficient was considered statistically significant when p <0.05. Results: For children aged 7-17 years to restore permanent teeth during the period of mixed and permanent dentition, the best materials in use were: "Polofil Supra" (VOCO, Germany) and "DyracteXtra" (Dentsply, USA). Conclusion: To restore permanent teeth in any stage of root development, it is rational to use a compomer material "DyracteXtra" (r = 0.80), and a composite material "Polofil Supra" -under the conditions of the formed root, at a pH level of more than 6.2, a high degree acid resistance of the enamel and the area of destruction of the occlusal surface less than 0.55 (r = 0.72).
Influence of preparation method on mechanical characteristics of plaster
Authors: Igić Marko , Kostić Milena , Petković Dušan , Gligorijević Nikola , Dačić Stefan , Stošić Nenad
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Plaster is widely used in dentistry for the production of master casts, as a binder in investment materials and as an auxiliary material in the laboratory stages of denture production. Due to its brittleness, there is a constant need to improve its mechanical properties. In this regard, in the research we started from the assumption that increasing the proportion of powder during the preparation of plaster improves its mechanical properties. The aim of this research wasto determine the significance of the change in the ratio of powder and liquid to the mechanical characteristics of plaster (compressive strength). Material and methods: Three types of plaster were used in the research: type 2, 3 and 4. For each type of plaster, three samples were made with different ratio of powder and amount of water (n = 9). After 24 hours, the samples were analyzed at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Niš, on a universal testing machine. Results: Plaster type 2 showed the lowest values of compressive strength, and higher values of types 3 and 4, regardless of the ratio of plaster powder and water. As the powder content increased, the compressive strength of the samples increased. Conclusion: In order to improve the compressive strength, the proportion of powder in the liquid phase can be increased during the preparation of the material without visible changes in its structure.
White-eyed blowout fracture: A 10 days delayed surgical intervention and outcomes: A case report
Authors: Kattur Premkumar , Rajendran Balamurugan
Published: January 2022

The basis of the problem: Craniomaxillofacial trauma in pediatric group is less common with an incidence rate of 15% and the most commonly involved site is the fracture of orbital floor. Blow out fractures can either be pure or impure with trauma being the most predominant etiology. Method: Our case report present a 15 year old patient with a diagnosis of white eye blow out fracture reported ten days post trauma. The case was surgically dealt by releasing the entrapped inferior rectus muscle and placement of titanium mesh in the orbital floor with a postoperative follow up period of 6 months. Results: In the present report, although the eye movements i were evident without any restriction, the authors were unable to achieve a full range of eye movements due to delayed surgical intervention. Conclusion: Inferior rectus muscle entrapment is the most common entity encountered in cases of white eye blow out fractures, due to its close proximity with the orbital floor and lack of periodontal fat. Early diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention would bring about a best positive outcome in the management of white eye blow out fractures.
A rare presentation of cemento-ossifying fibroma in the maxilla: A case report
Authors: Packiaraj Santhosh , Rajendran Balamurugan , Pushpa Thaneraj
Published: January 2022

The basis of the problem: Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a benign fibro-osseous lesion of the jaw. It presents as a slow growing swelling which progressively enlarges if not surgically intervened. Cemento-ossifying fibroma revolves around the use of different terminologies and diagnostic criteria in proposing a strategic treatment plan. Method: The current article describes a rare occurrence of cement-ossifying fibroma affecting maxilla in a 44 year old female patient. Clinically, the lesion was painless and slow growing in nature. Computed tomography revealed a hypodense area in the right posterior maxilla measuring 19.07mm X 27.11mm. The lesion was surgically resected under general anesthesia and it was histopathologically confirmed to be cemento-ossifying fibroma. Results: Total enucleation/ resection of the osseous lesion must be timely ensured to prevent recurrence and also to achieve good prognosis which was done in the described case report. No recurrence was reported in the present case which had a follow up for 24 months. Conclusion: Although numerous controversies exist in the use of terminologies, a multi centric approach mandates to correlate clinically, radiographically and histologically to determine the treatment perspective.
Environmental activity-based costing as an instrument of environmental management accounting
Authors: Antić Ljilja , Stevanović Tatjana , Milenović Jovana
Published: January 2022

The issue of environmental protection has become increasingly important throughout the world in recent decades. Spreading awareness of the quality of the environment should not be sought only in the application of eco-technologies, but also in environmental ethics, because without it there is no human survival and preservation of the environment. Environmental management accounting plays an important role in the environmental management process, the aim of which is to provide relevant information to all stakeholders. Also, environmental management accounting improves resource efficiency and makes it easier for company managers to make decisions on the project that will help improve environmental performance. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance and need for environmental activity-based costing as an instrument of environmental management accounting
Attitudes of primary school students toward physical education: Age and gender specifics
Authors: Lepir Duško , Pajkić Aleksandar , Sekulić Željko
Published: January 2022

The primary goal of this paper was to examine the attitudes of primary school students towards different aspects of physical education, with special emphasis on the specifics of age and gender categories. Also, the emotional relation towards physical education was examined through its ranking on the list of favorite subjects, and it was brought in connection with attitudes. The sample consisted of 6627 students (boys 3341 - 50.4%; girls 3286 - 49.6%) of primary schools in the city of Banja Luka (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina), of which 2201 elementary school students and 4426 middle school students. Using t-tests, it was found that elementary school students in relation to the middle school students show statistically significantly higher values for the general attitude towards physical education. A comprehensive approach to the analysis of 15 separate items showed that the former express significantly higher values for most items. Girls and boys do not differ in terms of a general attitude towards physical education. Elementary school students ranked physical education better than other subjects, while girls of both age categories ranked physical education somewhat worse than boys. Better attitudes and ranking by younger students indicate the priority of this phase of life for physical education and the need to raise quality in working with this age. Declining values at an older age (middle school) require more proactive teacher action with an emphasis on the implementation of interesting content. The lack of differences between the attitudes of girls and boys calls for a renunciation of the traditional assumption that only boys have a benevolent attitude towards physical education. This implies greater support for girls and their stronger involvement in all organizational forms of physical education (sports sections, school competitions).
Covid -19 pandemic and commodity market instability: Evidence from the London metal Stock Exchange
Authors: Stojanović Dragica , Jovanović Ivan
Published: January 2022

The paper provides insight into the behavior of non-ferrous metal prices on the London Stock Exchange during the health crisis caused by the spread of coronavirus in the period January 22 - October 30, 2020. The aim of this paper is to determine a statistically significant relationship between the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and non-ferrous metals prices copper, aluminum, zinc, nickel, lead and tin. A simple linear regression was used in the paper to obtain results. Following the report of the World Health Organisation and the introduction of restrictive measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus, the results of the regression support the fall in nonferrous metals prices on the London Stock Exchange. Also, the results suggest that the measures taken to address the negative economic consequences of the health crisis are associated with rising non-ferrous metal prices. As the economic impact of the pandemic is still uncertain, through an indicative review of current impacts, the conducted research also provides an opportunity to predict the price of non-ferrous metals in the future. The assumption that price stability in the metal market depends on the degree of control of pandemic COVID-19 provide a basis for future research.
NATURALLY VENTILATED CLASSROOMS: CO2 AND COVID PROTECTION
Authors: FRANQUELO SOLER JUAN , BLÁZQUEZ PARRA ELIDIA BEATRIZ , DE COZAR MACIAS OSCAR , MARIN GRANADOS MANUEL DAMIAN , SOTO VILLARAN FRANCISCO JAVIER
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT:
Natural ventilation has become one of the most effective and sustainable strategies to address COVID-19 in confined spaces. Air intake through windows and other openings improves the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of a classroom, decreases the likelihood of respiratory disease transmission with an adequate social distance of about 1.5 m and is affordable in terms of energy consumption. In this study, a comparison of CO2 concentration, wind speed, number of people, type of ventilation and window surfaces of a school in a Mediterranean climate is carried out for 4 different cases of opening. For this purpose, CO2 levels were measured in different classrooms with different window openings (33%, 67%, 81%, 81%). (33%, 67%, 81% and 100% respectively). In addition, three types of ventilation (cross ventilation, partial cross ventilation and multidirectional ventilation) were analyzed in a time period between February and March 2021. The results show an interaction between CO2 levels and the type of ventilation. Thus, the fact that the window surface is a critical factor in reducing CO2 concentrations was determined, considering that the distance between students was approximately 1.5 m. Therefore, the orientation of buildings towards the predominant wind direction and the Window to Floor Ratio (WFR) should be reconsidered in new constructions.

Keywords: natural ventilation, indoor air quality, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, school, WFR.
An assessment of animal welfare impacts in wild Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) management
Authors: Baker SE , Ayers M , Beausoleil NJ , Belmain SR , Berdoy M , Buckle AP , Cagienard C , Cowan D , Fearn-Daglish J , Goddard P , Golledge HDR , Mullineaux E , Sharp T , Simmons A , Schmolz E
Published: January 2022

Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) are considered one of the most significant vertebrate pests globally, because of their impacts on human and animal health. There are legal and moral obligations to minimise the impacts of wildlife management on animal welfare, yet there are few data on the relative welfare impacts of rat trapping and baiting methods used in the UK with which to inform management decisions. Two stakeholder workshops were facilitated to assess the relative welfare impacts of six lethal rat management methods using a welfare assessment model. Fifteen stakeholders including experts in wildlife management, rodent management, rodent biology, animal welfare science, and veterinary science and medicine, participated. The greatest welfare impacts were associated with three baiting methods, anticoagulants, cholecalciferol and non-toxic cellulose baits (severe to extreme impact for days), and with capture on a glue trap (extreme for hours) with concussive killing (mild to moderate for seconds to minutes); these methods should be considered last resorts from a welfare perspective. Lower impacts were associated with cage trapping (moderate to severe for hours) with concussive killing (moderate for minutes). The impact of snap trapping was highly variable (no impact to extreme for seconds to minutes). Snap traps should be regulated and tested to identify those that cause rapid unconsciousness; such traps might represent the most welfare-friendly option assessed for killing rats. Our results can be used to integrate consideration of rat welfare alongside other factors, including cost, efficacy, safety, non-target animal welfare and public acceptability when selecting management methods. We also highlight ways of reducing welfare impacts and areas where more data are needed.
Linking the roles of personality and stress physiology for managing the welfare of captive big cats
Authors: Vaz J , McElligott AG , Narayan E
Published: January 2022

Animal welfare is important for the humane treatment of animals under our care. Zoos and rescue centres manage various charismatic animals, such as big cats, with limited resources. It is therefore essential for caretakers to understand the needs of an individual big cat to ensure its welfare. However, these needs may differ due to a big cat's personality, which may be identified by its coping style in a stressful situation. In addition, stress is one of the major factors affecting animal welfare. There is limited evidence showing strong associations between personality and stress physiology in big cats. This review focuses on the integration of personality and stress physiology of captive big cats, to highlight possible improvements in their husbandry. Our review identifies key factors that may influence big cat responses to stressors. These influencing factors include: i) social interactions; ii) environment; iii) life history and evolutionary traits; iv) genetics; and v) health. The first two factors are relatively well covered in the literature; however, the final three are potentially very promising avenues for future research to better understand how we can improve big cat welfare.
Individual variation in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) repertoires of abnormal behaviour
Authors: Goldsborough Z , Sterck EHM , de Waal FBM , Webb CE
Published: January 2022

Abnormal behaviour in captive animals is both pervasive and ambiguous. Although individual differences are central to the field of animal welfare, studies on abnormal behaviour predominantly employ quantitative, population-level approaches. For example, whereas previous studies on chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) abnormal behaviour have reported significant variation between groups or individuals in the quantity (eg frequency and duration) of abnormal behaviour, much less is known about qualitative differences. Individual abnormal behavioural repertoires may be highly idiosyncratic, where certain behaviours are over-represented (ie individually specific abnormal behavioural ‘signatures’). The present study investigated qualitative individual variation in the abnormal behaviour of chimpanzees (n = 15) housed at Royal Burgers’ Zoo in Arnhem, The Netherlands. Substantial variation was found between individuals in the diversity (size and evenness) and overall composition of their abnormal behavioural repertoires. Factors including age, sex, and rank did not significantly account for dissimilarity of individuals’ abnormal behavioural repertoires, but kin dyads showed more similar abnormal behaviour than non-kin dyads. Further exploratory analyses examined whether individual variation in one abnormal behaviour (coprophagy) predicted variation in stress-related behaviour (self-scratching). This allowed us to tentatively conclude that there were also individual differences in the link between a given abnormal behaviour and the behavioural expression of stress. Qualitative individual variation in abnormal behaviour provides a novel angle to a literature traditionally focused on quantifying abnormal behaviour at the group- or species-level and may thus represent an important yet previously overlooked source of variation in the extent to which abnormal behaviour reflects the state of individual welfare.