bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Transferrin Saturation on All-Cause Mortality in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Sato Madoka , Hanafusa Norio , Tsuchiya Ken , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Nitta Kosaku
Published: July 2019

Background: Transferrin saturation (TSAT) is an index that represents the iron-binding capacity of transferrin, which is the main transport protein for iron, and is widely used to evaluate iron status. Objective: To evaluate the prognostic importance of TSAT in Japanese patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: A total of 398 patients on MHD were recruited and divided into 3 groups on the basis of their baseline TSAT levels (<20, 20–40, and >40%). Results: There was no difference in the proportion of patients on erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or iron supplements between the 3 groups. During a mean follow-up period of 52.2 ± 1 6.3 months, 130 patients died of cardiovascular causes (n = 63, 15.8%) or infection (n = 47, 11.8%). Compared with the reference group (TSAT 20–40%), patients with a TSAT <20% had a significantly higher all-cause mortality rate (6.44 vs. 9.55 events per 100 patient-years, p = 0.0452). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that all-cause mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with TSAT <20% than in the other 2 groups (p = 0.0353). Conclusions: Low TSAT was a significant independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in a cohort of Japanese patients on MHD. The findings of this study suggest that the adverse clinical outcomes in patients with low TSAT can be partly attributed to infection-related iron deficiency.
Safety and Effectiveness of Contemporary P2Y
12
Inhibitors in an East Asian Population With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Yun Ji Eun , Kim Yun Jung , Park Ji Jeong , Kim Sehee , Park Keunhui , Cho Min Soo , Nam Gi‐Byoung , Park Duk‐Woo
Published: July 2019

Background

Prior reports indicate that the effect of P2Y
12
inhibitors may be different in East Asian patients (“East Asian paradox”); therefore, understanding the outcomes associated with potent P2Y
12
inhibitors in different populations is clinically important.

Methods and Results

In this observational cohort study using administrative healthcare data sets, we compared safety and effectiveness of contemporary P2Y
12
inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The primary safety outcomes were major and any bleeding, and the primary effectiveness outcomes were major cardiovascular events (a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and all‐cause mortality. Among 70 715 patients with acute coronary syndrome, 56 216 (79.5%) used clopidogrel, 11 402 (16.1%) used ticagrelor, and 3097 (4.4%) used prasugrel. The median follow‐up period was 18.0 months (interquartile range: 9.6–26.4 months). In a propensity‐matched cohort, compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor was associated with a higher risk of any bleeding (hazard ratio: 1.23; 95%
CI
, 1.14–1.33) but a lower risk of mortality (hazard ratio: 0.76; 95%
CI
, 0.63–0.91). Prasugrel, compared with clopidogrel, was associated with higher risks of any bleeding (hazard ratio: 1.23; 95%
CI
, 1.06–1.43) and major bleeding (hazard ratio: 1.50; 95%
CI
, 1.01–2.21) but a similar risk of effectiveness outcomes. No significant difference was noted between ticagrelor and prasugrel with respect to key safety or effectiveness outcomes. Several sensitivity analyses showed similar results.

Conclusions

In East Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome, compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor was associated with an increased risk of bleeding but a decreased risk of mortality. Prasugrel was associated with an increase of any bleeding without difference in effectiveness outcomes. The risks of bleeding and ischemic events were similar between ticagrelor and prasugrel.
Effects of Genetically Determined Iron Status on Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Gill Dipender , Brewer Christopher F. , Monori Grace , Trégouët David‐Alexandre , Franceschini Nora , Giambartolomei Claudia ,   INVENT Consortium, Tzoulaki Ioanna , Dehghan Abbas
Published: July 2019

Background

Systemic iron status has been implicated in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of genetically determined iron status on carotid intima‐media thickness, carotid plaque, and venous thromboembolism using Mendelian randomization.

Methods and Results

Genetic instrumental variables for iron status were selected from a genome‐wide meta‐analysis of 48 972 subjects. Genetic association estimates for carotid intima‐media thickness and carotid plaque were obtained using data from 71 128 and 48 434 participants, respectively, and estimates for venous thromboembolism were obtained using data from a study incorporating 7507 cases and 52 632 controls. Conventional 2‐sample summary data Mendelian randomization was performed for the main analysis. Higher genetically determined iron status was associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Odds ratios per SD increase in biomarker levels were 1.37 (95% CI 1.14‐1.66) for serum iron, 1.25 (1.09‐1.43) for transferrin saturation, 1.92 (1.28‐2.88) for ferritin, and 0.76 (0.63‐0.92) for serum transferrin (with higher transferrin levels representing lower iron status). In contrast, higher iron status was associated with lower risk of carotid plaque. Corresponding odds ratios were 0.85 (0.73‐0.99) for serum iron and 0.89 (0.80‐1.00) for transferrin saturation, with concordant trends for serum transferrin and ferritin that did not reach statistical significance. There was no Mendelian randomization evidence of an effect of iron status on carotid intima‐media thickness.

Conclusions

These findings support previous work to suggest that higher genetically determined iron status is protective against some forms of atherosclerotic disease but increases the risk of thrombosis related to stasis of blood.
Pentaceration, an unusual new genus of Paramunnidae from Australia (Isopoda, Asellota)
Authors: JUST JEAN
Published: July 2019

A new genus, Pentaceration, in the janiroid asellote family Paramunnidae from the Bass Strait area in south-eastern Australia is diagnosed. The distinguishing characters of species in the new genus are 1 central and 2 lateral spines on the frontal margin of the head, elongate eyestalks, lateral spines of varying length on pereonites 2–7, and reduced width of pereonite 4 compared with 3 and 5. Descriptions are presented of the type species, Pentaceration bassiana, and a second new species, P. spinosissima. The new genus appears to be wide-spread around Australia and New Zealand, where several as yet undescribed species have been noted, ranging from the upper sublitoral to abyssal depth. The relationship of Pentaceration to other paramunnid genera with covered coxae on all legs is discussed.
Revision of Elginus Theron (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with the description of two new genera and comments on the grassland leafhopper fauna in South Africa
Authors: STILLER M.
Published: July 2019

The previously monotypic South African leafhopper genus, Elginus Theron, 1975, is revised. Its type species, E. saltus (Naudé, 1926), is redescribed, and the following 24 species are described as new: E. acutus, E. bispinus, E. cavatus, E. contradens, E. cultellus, E. denticulatus, E. dexteruncus, E. eccentricus, E. extrinsecus, E. falcatus, E. furcillatus, E. latus, E. levilobus, E. matarei, E. minutulus, E. recavus, E. malotiensis, E. oriens, E. semialatus, E. theroni, E. tortuosus, E. tubulus, E. unispinus and E. vulgaris. A key is provided for the identification mainly of males. These species are all grass-feeding and assigned to the tribe Paralimnini of the Deltocephalinae. Two new genera and species are described, namely Micropedeticus ochrus gen.n. & sp.n. in the tribe Paralimnini, from the Grassland Biome and Theronus priapus gen.n. & sp.n. in the tribe Deltocephalini, from the Fynbos Biome. Most species of Elginus and Micropedeticus are more common in the Grassland Biome in climax grassland under lower grazing pressure. Species of Elginus in the Fynbos Biome are more migratory and colonize new habitats such as grasses that appear after fire. These three genera are endemic to the Grassland and Fynbos Biomes of South Africa. A brief discussion on leafhoppers associated with grasses in the Fynbos, Grassland and Savanna Biomes of South Africa, is provided.
Aradacanthia, a first record of a Calisiinae genus (Hemiptera: Aradidae) from China, India and Thailand with description of a new species
Authors: BAI XIAOSHUAN , ZHANG WENJIE , CAI WANZHI
Published: July 2019

A new aradid, Aradacanthia heissi Bai, Zhang & Cai, sp. nov., from China, Thailand, and northern India is described. A key to related species is given and the diagnostic morphological features of new species are illustrated. This new species represents the first record of a Calisiinae in China.
Descriptions of a new genus Orientilimnesia (Hydrachnidia: Limnesiidae Thor, 1900) with a new species from China
Authors: YI TIANCI , JIN DAOCHAO , GUO JIANJUN , ZHANG XU
Published: July 2019

One new genus, Orientilimnesia gen. nov., and a new species, O. sinuata sp. nov., in the family Limnesiidae Thor, 1900 are described from Guizhou and Fujian, China.Keys words: Water mite, taxonomy, China
Heteropoda species from limestone caves in Laos (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
Authors: BAYER STEFFEN , JÄGER PETER
Published: July 2019

Two new Heteropoda species from Laos are described, Heteropoda steineri sp. nov. (male, female) from the Xe Bangfai cave system in Khammouan Province, and Heteropoda aemulans sp. nov. (male, female) from caves close to Vang Vieng in Vientiane Province. Two further species, Heteropoda maxima Jäger, 2001 from Khammouan Province and Heteropoda simplex Jäger and Ono, 2000 from northern Laos and Japan, are recorded. Heteropoda simplex is recorded for the first time from Laos, the female is described for the first time. Main morphological differences between species are recognised from copulatory organs and colouration. Intraspecific variation is illustrated for all species.
A revision of the subgenus Leucandrena of the genus Andrena of eastern Asia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae)
Authors: XU HUANLI , TADAUCHI OSAMU
Published: July 2019

The subgenus Leucandrena of the genus Andrena of eastern Asia is revised, and seven species are recognized. Two new species, Andrena (Leucandrena) paramelanospila and Andrena (Leucandrena) banchan are described from Beijing and Xizang (China) respectively, and the male of Andrena (Leucandrena) melanospila Cockerell is described for the first time. A. (Euandrena) taisetsusana Tadauchi et Hirashima, and A. (Andrena) dolharubang Tadauchi and Xu are recognized as new synonyms of the Holarctic A. barbilabris (Kirby). A key to East Asian Leucandrena is given.
A catalogue of the types of Asiloidea (Diptera) in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (Part 1: Bombyliidae and Mydidae)
Authors: YAMAGUCHI CAROLINA , LAMAS CARLOS JOSÉ EINICKER
Published: July 2019

A catalogue of the type-specimens of Bombyliidae and Mydidae (Diptera) held in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP) is provided, with information on 109 type specimens of 34 Neotropical (mostly Brazilian) species of the families Bombyliidae and Mydidae.
Taxonomic revision of Rhyacophila aquitanica (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae), based on molecular and morphological evidence and change of taxon status of Rhyacophila aquitanica ssp. carpathica to Rhyacophila carpathica stat. n.
Authors: BÁLINT MIKLÓS , BOTOŞANEANU LAZARE , UJVÁROSI LUJZA , POPESCU OCTAVIAN
Published: July 2019

A taxonomic revision of Rhyacophila aquitanica carpathica Botoşaneanu, 1995, is proposed based on molecular results and previously described morphological differences. Genitalia of R. aquitanica McLachlan, 1879, and Rhyacophila carpathica Botoşaneanu stat. n. are redrawn here to facilitate the distinction of the two entities. While the morphological and ecological characteristics of the two species show many similarities, the nucleotide sequences of the two species are very different, even when compared to those of Rhyacophila tristis Pictet, 1834, suggesting a distant allopatric speciation event.
A new species of Notocyrtus, a new synonym of Coilopus, and new records and notes on other Harpactorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) from South America
Authors: GIL-SANTANA HÉLCIO R. , FORERO DIMITRI
Published: July 2019

A new species of Notocyrtus, N. costai sp. nov. is described from Surinam. Photographs in dorsal and lateral views are provided for this new species. Notocyrtoides Carvalho, Costa & Gil-Santana, 2001, is considered to be a junior synonym of Coilopus Elkins, 1969, with N. tuberculatus Carvalho, Costa & Gil-Santana, 2001, as a junior synonym of C. vellus Elkins, 1969. New occurrences of other Harpactorini species are recorded for the first time from Brazil: Harpactor rhombeus (Erichson, 1848), Orbella exceptio Bérenger, 2007, and Orbella putshkovi Bérenger, 2007; and from Surinam Notocyrtus dorsalis (Gray, 1832). Remarks on the color variation of these species and Notocyrtus ricciae Gil-Santana & Costa, 2001, and Notocyrtus dispersus Carvalho & Costa, 1992, are given.
A revision of the neotropical genus Ocyolinus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini)
Authors: CHATZIMANOLIS STYLIANOS , ASHE JAMES S.
Published: July 2019

The Staphylinini genus Ocyolinus Sharp, 1884 is revised. Three species are described as new, O. astenos Chatzimanolis & Ashe sp. n., O. dimoui Chatzimanolis & Ashe sp. n. and O. nebulosus Chatzimanolis & Ashe sp. n., all from Panama. A lectotype is designated for O. rugatus Sharp, 1884 and O. vulneratus Bernhauer, 1906. Ocyolinus vulneratus Bernhauer is placed in synonymy with O. rugatus Sharp. Distribution maps, an identification key and illustrations of structural features are provided.
Three new species of the subfamily Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Brazil
Authors: DE ALMEIDA LUIS FELIPE VENTURA , SOUZA-GESSNER CAROLINA DA SILVA , PENTEADO-DIAS ANGÉLICA MARIA
Published: July 2019

The genera Ecclitura Kokujev and Streblocera Westwood are reported for the first time from Brazil. Three new species of the subfamily Euphorinae are described and illustrated: Ecclitura shawi sp. n., Marshiella tupi sp. n. and Streblocera brasiliana sp. n. These species are restricted to Atlantic forest remnants in southeastern Brazil.
A review of the Madagascan species of the genus Cestradoretus Ohaus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Adoretini)
Authors: FROLOV ANDREY V. , MONTREUIL OLIVIER
Published: July 2019

The genus Cestradoretus Ohaus, 1912 was erected by Ohaus (1912) to accommodate a Madagascan Adoretini species, C. tenuirostris Ohaus, 1912. This genus is characterized by the adults having the apex of the labrum with a long, fine, acute process curved downwards. In the addition to the above mentioned paper, Ohaus (1912) also described C. acomys Ohaus, 1912 from Tanzania, and later moved Adoretus tarsatus Klug, 1855, described from Mozambique, to Cestradoretus (Ohaus 1916).  Later, Machatschke (1965) described two species from Africa, C. freyi Machatschke, 1965 from Botswana and C. minusculus Machatschke, 1965 from Somalia, and Frey (1976) described C. clypealis Frey, 1976 from Somalia. Thus, Cestradoretus included six species, one from Madagascar and five from Africa.
Short-beam shear of nanoprepreg/nanostitched three-dimensional carbon/epoxy multiwall carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Bilisik Kadir , Karaduman Nesrin , Sapanci Erdal
Published: July 2019

The effect of out-of-plane stitching and the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the short-beam shear properties of carbon/epoxy composites were investigated. Stitching influenced the short-beam strength of carbon satin and twill fabric composites, where the stitched satin carbon/epoxy composites showed improved short-beam properties compared with the unstitched satin carbon/epoxy composites. In general, stitching and MWCNTs addition enhanced the short-beam strength of the composite. The fracture of the composites generally exhibited as a combination of lateral total matrix cracking, warp fiber breakage and interlayer opening. In addition, all the structures experienced angularly sheared catastrophic through-the-thickness layer breakage. It was also shown that delamination was largely restricted in stitched and nano-added composites when compared to the unstitched samples. It can be concluded that nanostitching could be considered for improving short-beam strength properties of the composite.
Examining the (Dis)Agreement between Etiology and Consequences of Adults’ and Youths’ Perceptions of Collective Efficacy in Boston
Authors: Tucker Riley , Zimmerman Gregory M. , Stowell Jacob I. , Jones David Squier
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

To examine the extent to which adults’ and youths’ perceptions of collective efficacy align, the shared and unique correlates of adults’ and youths’ perceptions, and the effects of adults’ and youths’ perceptions on youths’ violence.

Method:

Descriptive analysis, hierarchical linear modeling, and spatial analysis analyze 1,636 youths from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey and 1,677 adults distributed across 85 neighborhoods from the 2008 Boston Neighborhood Study.

Results:

Descriptive analysis indicates that Boston adults’ and youths’ perceptions are largely divergent. Spatial analysis indicates that there is not clustering of either adults’ or youths’ perceptions across Boston neighborhoods. Multilevel models indicate that adults’ and youths’ perceptions exhibit divergent etiology: Adults’ perceptions align closely with neighborhood collective efficacy and with their own neighborhood perceptions, while youths’ perceptions are largely a function of individual differences (race and age) and sociobehavioral factors (social support and educational expectations). Youths’ perceptions of collective efficacy, rather than aggregated adults’ perceptions of collective efficacy, are inversely associated with youths’ violence.

Conclusions:

Adults’ and youths’ perceptions of collective efficacy represent distinct constructs. Research should focus on the divergent processes through which adults’ and youths’ perceptions are generated and the differential effects of adults’ and youths’ perceptions on youths’ behaviors.
“Redeemed from savagery”: Sanctification and civilization in the accounts of Cook Islands missionaries Aaron Buzacott and John Williams
Authors: Irving-Stonebraker Sarah
Published: July 2019

This article explores the way in which two Protestant missionaries to the Cook Islands in the mid-nineteenth century, John Williams and Aaron Buzacott, engaged with the idea of civilization in their ethnographic descriptions of the islanders. It contributes to an important strand of recent scholarship which focuses on developing a more sophisticated understanding of the relationship between Enlightenment ideas and evangelical missionaries in the Pacific. While Buzacott and Williams firmly understood that the missionary was the instrument of transforming civilization, they did not merely replicate the lexicon or concept of civilization contained in secular Enlightenment philosophy. I argue that Buzacott and Williams used the theological concept of sanctification to frame the secular, historical, process of “civilizing” the Cook islanders, such that they argued that the driving force in the process of civilizing was not historical development, but rather, the sanctifying transformation wrought by the Holy Spirit. In short, Williams and Buzacott used the theological concept of sanctification to perform descriptive and ethnographic, rather than purely theological and normative, work. This study provides a window into a significant phenomenon, in which theological concepts played a formative, and frequently overlooked, role in Pacific missionary anthropology and ethnography.
The paradox of American evangelical views on immigration: A review of the empirical research
Authors: Ott Craig , Téllez Juan Carlos
Published: July 2019

In view of the current crisis and controversies related to immigration, this article examines views of American evangelicals on the subject. Statements issued by national evangelical leaders and organizations generally call for immigration reform balancing concerns for law and order and border security with a call for the compassionate treatment of immigrants and creation of pathways to citizenship. But a survey of the numerous empirical studies on grassroots evangelical views on immigration reveals several paradoxes. Not only are the opinions of average evangelicals on immigration more restrictive than those expressed in the aforementioned statements, but their attitudes and the manner in which they form their opinions appear inconsistent with evangelical convictions. Compared to all other religious groups, white evangelicals have the most negative views regarding immigration. Underlying factors include the failure of evangelical churches to address the topic of immigration, a separation of personal ethics from views on public policy, lack of interaction between evangelicals and immigrants, Christian nationalism, and other social influences.
Evaluation of particle dispersion behaviours in Lithium-ion battery slurry by electrical impedance spectra-tomography method
Authors: Wang Zhilong , Zhao Tong , Kanzawa Masanori , Liu Kai , Takei Masahiro
Published: July 2019

This paper investigated the particle dispersion behaviours of Lithium-ion battery (LIB) slurry by using electrical impedance spectra-tomography (EIST) method from the perspective of experiment and simulation. In the experiment, an EIST system composed of Field—Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), multi-plexer, switch circuit and 8-electrode sensor is developed to measure the frequency response of LIB slurry under two different conditions, which are rotation speed n=0rpm with rotation time t=0min and n=100rpm with t=6min. In the simulation, four different geometry structure models, which are (a) Carbon Black (CB) linear formation, (b) CB aggregation, (c) CB & LiCoO2 aggregation and (d) network dispersion, are established. Six frequencies, which are f=1 kHz, f=10 kHz, f=50 kHz, f=100 kHz, f=250 kHz and f=500 kHz, are used for the reconstructed conductivity images of LIB slurry in both the experiment and the simulation. The numerical simulation is used to verify the correctness of the experiment results. After combining the experiment and the simulation, it is concluded that the agglomeration behaviours of CB and LiCoO2 particles appear within LIB slurry in the case of n=0rpm with t=0min, while CB path and part LiCoO2 particles coated by CB particles appear in the case of n=100rpm with t=6min. Moreover, high frequencies are suitable to distinguish high conductive CB components from LIB slurry. Furthermore, the developed EIST system has the capability of monitoring particle dispersion behaviours in LIB slurry, which has the potential to be used for the on-line measurement of LIB slurry in order to improve the performance of LIB.
An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm applied to long short-term memory neural network for ship motion attitude prediction
Authors: Peng Xiuyan , Zhang Biao , Zhou Haiguang
Published: July 2019

This paper proposes a prediction method of ship motion attitude with high accuracy based on the long short-term memory neural network. The model parameters should be initialized randomly, resulting in critical decreases of the nonlinear learning ability of current parameter optimization methods. Therefore, a multilayer heterogeneous particle swarm optimization is proposed to optimize the parameters of long short-term memory neural network and applied to the prediction of ship motion. In multilayer heterogeneous particle swarm optimization, this paper proposes the concept of attractors, transforms the speed update equation, enhances the information interaction ability between particles, improves the optimization performance of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and improves its optimization effect on the parameters of the long short-term memory networks. In the simulations, the measured data were used as input to predict the results of the ship motion. The results showed that the proposed method offers higher learning accuracy, faster convergence speed, and better prediction performance for accurate estimation of ship motion attitude than existing methods.
The functional role of hemojuvelin in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Young Guang-Huar , Tang Sung-Chun , Wu Vin-Cent , Wang Kuo-Chuan , Nong Jing-Yi , Huang Po-Yuan , Hu Chaur-Jong , Chiou Hung-Yi , Jeng Jiann-Shing , Hsu Chung Y
Published: July 2019

Our study aimed to establish the role of hemojuvelin (HJV) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We performed immunohistochemistry for HJV expression in human brain tissues from 10 AIS and 2 non-stroke autopsy subjects. Plasma HJV was measured in 112 AIS patients within 48 h after stroke. The results showed significantly increased HJV expression in brain tissues from AIS patients compare to non-stroke subjects. After adjusting for clinical variables, plasma levels of HJV within 48 h after stroke were an independent predictor of poor functional outcome three months post-stroke (OR:1.78, 95% CI: 1.03–3.07; P = 0.038). In basic part, Western blotting showed that HJV expression in mice brains was apparent at 3 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and increased significantly at 72 h. In cultured cortical neurons, expression of HJV protein increased remarkably 24 h after oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD), and small interfering RNAs (siHJV) transfected OGD neurons had a lower apoptotic rate. Importantly, 72 h post-MCAO, HJV knockout mice had significantly smaller infarcts and less expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein compared with wild-type mice. In summary, HJV participates in the mechanisms of post-stroke neuronal injury, and that plasma HJV levels can be a potential early outcome indicator for AIS patients.
Academic Year Changes in Student-Teacher Developmental Relationships and Their Linkage to Middle and High School Students’ Motivation: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Scales Peter C. , Pekel Kent , Sethi Jenna , Chamberlain Rachel , Van Boekel Martin
Published: July 2019

Student-teacher relationships that improve over time may help slow or prevent declines in student motivation. In a diverse sample of 1,274 middle and high school students from three schools, this mixed-methods study found that those who improved in developmental relationships with teachers reported greater academic motivation, and more positive perceptions of school climate and instructional quality. Improvements in teacher-student relationships had some positive effects on students’ grade point averages (GPAs) but they varied by school as well as by aspect of the relationship measured. No differences by poverty status were seen in any of these results. Student focus groups yielded additional understanding of the actions and mechanisms through which student-teacher relationships improve. Results of this study suggest that if individual educators and entire school communities focus on strengthening student-teacher relationships, significant improvements can be made in students’ motivation, engagement, and performance.
Modelling and stability investigations of an aggregate wind farm–fed multi-machine system
Authors: Ahsan Hailiya , Mufti Mairaj-ud-Din
Published: July 2019

This article presents a detailed mathematical modelling and integration of a substantial 300-MW wind farm in a New England 39-bus system for stability investigations. Machine modelling is achieved using the differential algebraic equations from the two-axis model, in the form of a flexible network function. An aggregated wind farm model is developed with the order of hundreds of wind turbines, driving an aggregate doubly fed induction machine feeding the multi-machine system. Stability studies are performed on the non-linear model in MATLAB-Simulink platform, with exogenous disturbances of a continuous disturbed wind and a three-phase short circuit with two different clearing times. Stability retention of the wind farm–fed system is affirmed with the extensive power balance, frequency supervision and profuse voltage levelling.
Risk factors and psychological impact of syncope in migraine patients
Authors: Kuan Ai Seon , Chen Shih-Pin , Wang Yen-Feng , Fuh Jong-Ling , Cheng Chun-Yu , Peng Kuan-Po , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: July 2019

Background

Migraine is associated with syncope. We investigated risk factors for syncope and burden of syncope in migraine patients.

Methods

Participants were recruited from a headache clinic. All participants provided information on lifestyle, co-morbidity, syncope, headache and suicide, and completed the MIDAS and HADS questionnaires. Genetic data were available for a subset of participants. Risk of syncope in relation to participant’s characteristics and migraine susceptibility loci, and risks of psychological disorders associated with syncope, were calculated using logistic regression.

Results

Underweight, regular tea intake, diabetes mellitus, and migraine with aura were associated with increased syncope risks, with adjusted ORs of 1.76 (95% CI 1.03–3.03), 1.84 (95% CI 1.22–2.79), 4.70 (95% CI 1.58–13.95), and 1.78 (95% CI 1.03–3.10), respectively. Preliminary results showed that rs11172113 in LRP1 was associated with syncope risks. Comorbid syncope in migraine patients was associated with increased risks of depression (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.18–3.22) and suicide attempt (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.48–5.48).

Conclusion

Our study showed the potential roles of vascular risk factors in the association between migraine and syncope. Modifiable risk factors for syncope in patients with migraine include body mass index and tea intake. The debilitating psychological impact of co-morbid syncope in migraine patients warrants clinical attention of treating physicians.
Effectiveness of an Educational Manual to Promote Infant Feeding Practices in Primary Health Care
Authors: Relvas Gláubia Rocha Barbosa , Buccini Gabriela , Potvin Louise , Venancio Sonia
Published: July 2019

Objective:

To test the hypothesis that a continuing educational strategy (ie, “the manual”) in primary health-care improves infant feeding practices among infants under 1 year of age.

Methods:

A before and after study was conducted at primary health-care units in Embu das Artes, Brazil. The intervention was the use of a manual created to support continuing educational activities on breastfeeding and complementary feeding to be performed by tutors of Estratégia Amamenta e Alimenta Brasil with health-care teams, in a period of 8 months. Five hundred sixty-one mothers before and 598 mothers after intervention were interviewed about breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson multilevel regression to test the hypothesis.

Results:

Lack of minimum food diversity (before 62.9%; after 50.3%) and lack of food adequacy (before 77.5%; after 63.3%) decreased significantly. Regression analysis confirmed that infants after the intervention had lower prevalence of inadequacy of complementary feeding. While the intervention did not show significant association with exclusive breastfeeding, it showed association with the improvement of complementary feeding practices.

Conclusions:

The manual is a continuing educational strategy that improved complementary feeding practices in primary health care.
Management of Cancer-Associated Intestinal Obstruction in the Final Year of Life
Authors: Merchant Shaila J. , Brogly Susan B. , Booth Christopher M. , Goldie Craig , Peng Yingwei , Nanji Sulaiman , Patel Sunil V. , Lajkosz Katherine , Baxter Nancy N.
Published: July 2019

Background:

There is variation in the clinical management of intestinal obstruction (IO) in patients with cancer. We describe the management of cancer-associated IO near the end of life in a population-based cohort with universal health coverage.

Methods:

Patients who died of gastric, colorectal, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers from 2002 to 2015 were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry. Those with ≥1 hospital admission for IO in the final year of life were identified from administrative data. Management of IO at index admission was categorized as surgery, gastrostomy, stent, feeding jejunostomy, and medical management. Trends in management over the study period were assessed by the Cochran-Armitage test.

Results:

The cohort included 57 378 patients (gastric [n = 7448, 13%], colorectal [n = 30 577 53%], ovarian [n = 6273, 11%], and pancreatic [n = 13 080, 23%] cancers). Of those, 7618 (13%) patients had ≥1 admission for IO in the final year of life. Of these patients, 2657 (35%) patients were managed with a surgical/procedural intervention at index admission (surgery [86%], gastrostomy [8%], stent [6%], and jejunostomy [0.4%]); the remaining patients (n = 4961, 65%) received medical management. Over the study period, there was a small but statistically significant increase in the use of stents (0% in 2002 to 5% in 2015, P < .0001) and gastrostomy tubes (2% in 2002 to 4% in 2015, P = .002) and a large decrease in the use of surgery (41% in 2002 to 28% in 2015, P = .04).

Conclusions:

Management of IO has changed over time with the increased use of stents and gastrostomy tubes and decreased use of surgery.
Infantile Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Study and Review of the Literature
Authors: Boles Sama , Martinez-Rios Claudia , Tibussek Daniel , Pohl Daniela
Published: July 2019

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or pseudotumor cerebri, is an increase in cerebrospinal fluid pressure of unknown etiology. It is mostly seen in adults, less frequently in adolescents, rarely in younger children. Only 5 infants meeting idiopathic intracranial hypertension criteria have been mentioned in the literature. We report a case of a previously healthy 9-month-old boy who presented with irritability, decreased appetite, and a bulging fontanelle. Computed tomography (CT) head imaging and cerebrospinal fluid studies revealed normal results. The patient’s symptoms transiently resolved after the initial lumbar puncture, but 11 days later, his fontanelle bulged again. A second lumbar puncture revealed an elevated opening pressure of 35 cmH2O and led to a diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in accordance with the modified Dandy Criteria. Treatment with acetazolamide at a dose of 25 mg/kg/d was initiated and the patient remained symptom-free for 6 weeks, followed by another relapse. His acetazolamide dose was increased to 37 mg/kg/d, with no further relapses to date.

A diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension is challenging in infants, because the patients cannot yet verbalize typical idiopathic intracranial hypertension–related symptoms such as positional headaches, diplopia, or pulsatile tinnitus. Furthermore, it is more difficult to assess papilledema in that age group. If undetected and untreated, idiopathic intracranial hypertension may result in permanent visual deficits. Little is known about idiopathic intracranial hypertension in infants, and age-specific treatment guidelines are lacking. We discuss this rare case of infantile idiopathic intracranial hypertension and provide a review of the literature, including an overview of disease characteristics and outcomes of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in this very young age group.
Acute Pontine Ischemic Stroke in a Healthy Child With Intracranial Vasculopathy
Authors: Kousa Youssef A. , Murnick Jonathan , Burton Justin , DiSabella Marc , Pergami Paola
Published: July 2019

Here we report the case of a previously healthy 8-year-old boy who presented with altered mental status, right facial droop and right-sided hemiplegia the day after playing in an inflatable bouncer. No head trauma was reported by the patient nor witnessed by the parents. Urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated acute ischemic infarction in the left pons; computed tomographic angiography excluded arterial dissection but identified a small hyperdense filling defect in the basilar artery, later confirmed to be a calcification at the origin of a perforating artery. Pediatric National Institutes of Health (PedNIH) Stroke Scale score was 15. Infectious, inflammatory, hypercoagulable and additional vascular causes were excluded. Although the cause of the calcification remains obscure, we speculate that, similarly to mineralizing microangiopathy, a minor trauma led to stroke in this child. To our knowledge, mineralizing microangiopathy, the well-described entity affecting perforating arteries of the anterior circulation in young children leading to basal ganglia stroke following minor head traumas has not been described in the posterior circulation or in previously healthy school-age children.
Faultlines as the “Earth’s Crust”: The Role of Team Identification, Communication Climate, and Subjective Perceptions of Subgroups for Global Team Satisfaction and Innovation
Authors: Boyraz Maggie
Published: July 2019

Distributed teams in organizations are ubiquitous, use digital technologies extensively, and have the potential to be innovative due to the level of diversity of their members, but they face many challenges. Demographic differences can often result in the activation of team faultlines (overlap of surface-level differences), leading to formation of subgroups and negative impacts on group outcomes. This study examines the relationships between faultlines and their outcomes to discover how certain team processes mitigate the negative effects of dormant faultlines on team outcomes in globally distributed teams. The analysis of a survey of 165 global team members representing 27 teams in a multinational high-tech organization demonstrated that psychologically safe communication climate (PSCC) and team identification moderated the relationship between faultlines and perceived subgroups. Specifically, in teams with low PSCC and identification, dormant faultlines predicted an increase in perception of subgroups. The findings also indicate that perceived subgroups moderate the relationship between dormant faultlines and team satisfaction. When subgroups are less perceived by team members, faultlines predict an increase in satisfaction.
Experimental study on the chip morphology, tool–chip contact length, workpiece vibration, and surface roughness during high-speed face milling of A6061 aluminum alloy
Authors: Pham Thi-Hoa , Nguyen Duc-Toan , Banh Tien-Long , Tong Van-Canh
Published: July 2019

In this study, experiments of high-speed face milling of A6061 aluminum alloy with a carbide insert milling cutter under dry cutting conditions were conducted. The contact length between tool and chip, the workpiece vibration amplitude, and the arithmetic average surface roughness were measured under varying cutting conditions (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut). The characteristics of chip morphology were observed using scanning electron microscope. Experimental results showed that the increasing cutting speed reduced the tool–chip contact length, the workpiece vibration, and the surface roughness. The tool–chip contact length, the workpiece vibration, and the surface roughness were all increased with increasing cutting depth and feed rate. The results of chip morphology showed that the chips with serrated form were generated under high-speed cutting conditions. Moreover, scratch lines, plastic deformation cavities, and local molten chip material were observed on the slide chip surface.
A coupled hydraulic and mechanical system simulation for hydraulic excavators
Authors: Park Cheol-Gyu , Yoo Seungjin , Ahn Hyeonsik , Kim Jooho , Shin Daeyoung
Published: July 2019

The hydraulic system of an excavator consists of a central hydraulic power source and multiple actuator circuits. The numerical stiffness of the hydraulic system model, the complex hydraulic circuits of the excavator, and the coupling of the dynamics associated with the hydraulic system and mechanical manipulator have been major barriers to developing a real-time simulation. This article presents a coupled dynamic model of a large-sized excavator and a real-time simulation environment. A modeling approach for simulation speed while maintaining the essential features of the hydraulic system is described. The hydraulic circuit models are coded using the MathWorks Simscape Language that gives flexibilities for modeling and modularization. To make the simulation real-time capable and accurate, the entire model is divided into multiple sub-models for parallel execution, a local stiff integration solver is applied to the hydraulic sub-models, and a deliberately devised execution order is assigned to the groups of sub-models. The simulation results show good correspondence with the test results.
Prevalence and Persistence of Maternal Dengue Neutralizing Antibodies in Infants From Central and Southern Thailand: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Guignard Adrienne , Haguinet François , Wéry Stéphanie , Kerdpanich Phirangkul
Published: July 2019

Understanding maternal dengue virus (DENV) neutralizing antibody kinetics in infants remains timely to develop a safe and effective childhood immunization. This retrospective study evaluated the prevalence and persistence of maternal antibody titers against DENV serotypes 1 to 4 in 139 Thai infants at 2, 6, and 7 months of age, using serum samples collected in a vaccination trial ( http://clinicaltrials.gov ; NCT00197275). Neutralizing antibodies against all 4 DENV serotypes were detected in 87.8% and 22.9% of infants at 2 and 7 months, respectively. At 2 months, DENV-4 neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers were notably lower (80) compared with DENV-1 to DENV-3 (277-471). Our results corroborate previous findings that DENV-1 to DENV-4 maternal antibodies persist at 7 months despite titers decrease from 2 months onwards. As persisting maternal antibodies may inhibit immune responses in DENV-vaccinated infants, a comprehensive understanding of DENV antibody kinetics is required in the perspective of vaccine development for infants.
Symptom Biomarkers for Children Receiving Treatment for Cancer: State of the Science
Authors: Mandrell Belinda N. , Withycombe Janice S.
Published: July 2019

The Children’s Oncology Group Nursing Discipline has identified the most concerning symptoms during childhood cancer treatment and the need for continued symptom assessment and intervention during treatment trajectory. To develop appropriate interventions, symptom science strategies must explore the biological mechanisms associated with symptoms of cancer and cancer treatment. To explore the associated biological mechanisms, biomarkers have been recommended for inclusion in symptom science studies, when applicable. The biomarker assessed, as well as the method of collection and storage, can affect the reliability and validity of the study results and clinical implication. This review will describe biomarkers that have been described in pediatric oncology symptom science research and provides special considerations for specimen collection and processing.
Lifetime Smoking Patterns and Preferences for Smoking Cessation Among Women Veterans Receiving Veterans Health Administration Care
Authors: Wilson Sarah M. , Medenblik Alyssa M. , Neal Julia M. , Strauss Jennifer L. , McNiel J. Murray , Christian Warren E. , Beckham Jean C. , Calhoun Patrick S.
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to identify common themes among women veterans who smoke or recently quit and had used smoking cessation treatment within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The study built upon previous research by utilizing in-depth interviews to encourage disclosure of potentially stigmatized topics. Twenty women veterans enrolled in VHA care engaged in a quality improvement project focused on improving smoking cessation services. Qualitative analysis of de-identified interviews used a combination of content analysis and thematic analysis within the sociopharmacological model of tobacco addiction. Findings revealed that participants’ smoking was influenced by woman veteran identity and by several gender-related contextual factors, including military sexual trauma and gender discrimination. Findings also highlighted other contextual factors, such as personal autonomy, emotional smoking triggers, and chronic mental health concerns. Findings are interpreted within the context of cultural power imbalances, and recommendations are provided for VHA smoking cessation for women veterans.
Teaching Palliative Care to Health Professional Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Donne Jack , Odrowaz Thomas , Pike Sarah , Youl Bonnie , Lo Kristin
Published: July 2019

Background:

End-of-life care is challenging on health professionals’ mental and emotional state. Palliative care education can support health professional students’ transition, helping them to cope with the challenges of working in this complex setting. Students feel that they need more preparation in this area.

Purpose:

To collate the relevant information regarding how to teach health professional students about palliative care.

Method:

The full holdings of Medline, PsycINFO, EBM Reviews, Cinahl Plus, ERIC, and EMBASE via Elsevier were searched until April 7, 2019. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials of group interventions that aimed to increase health professional students’ knowledge, skills, or attitudes in palliative care. Studies were appraised using the PEDro scale. Data were synthesized using meta-analysis.

Results:

The results favored the intervention and were statistically significant for knowledge and attitudes but not for skills. A 2-hour seminar accompanied by readings seems sufficient to improve both knowledge and attitudes. Quality assessment scores ranged from 1/10 to 7/10 (mean 5, standard deviation 1.73). When studies at high risk of bias were excluded, then only knowledge improved significantly. Key areas where rigor was lacking were in concealing the randomization, omitting intention-to-treat analysis and not blinding of participants, therapists, or assessors.

Conclusions:

Palliative care education is effective in improving health professional students’ knowledge and attitudes toward palliative care. More research is required into skill development. This review highlights the need for more high-quality trials in both the short and long-term to determine the most effective mode of palliative care education.
Comparison of Pain Perception in Patients Affected by Cleft and Cranio Facial Anomalies Treated With Traditional Fixed Appliances or Invisalign
Authors: Meazzini Maria Costanza , Tortora Chiara , Mazzoleni Fabio , Autelitano Luca
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

The objective of this prospective study was to compare the difference in pain perception between treatment with aligners (AL) and fixed appliances (FA) in patients affected by cleft and craniofacial anomalies (CFA).

Methods:

The sample consisted of 100 syndromic caucasian patients affected by various CFA from 2 different hospitals. Fifty patients treated with AL were matched for sex, age, and CFA with a control sample of 50 patients treated with FA. A modification of the Mc Gill Pain Questionnaire was adapted to our needs.

Results:

Statistical differences were found. Aligners induced more tightness and tension than FA, while FA induced more pain descriptors and patients reported a higher intake of painkillers.

Conclusions:

The results of this study documented a higher pain perception with FA than with AL in patients affected by CFA. The higher sensitivity to pain in cleft and craniofacial patients with fixed treatment could be related to their higher prior sensitization, given the past surgeries and orthodontic treatments. Thus, this study might suggest that Invisalign treatment might be a further interesting treatment option for patients with cleft in order to reduce their burden of orthodontic pain.