bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Long Term Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) in Rice –Wheat Cropping System on Population Dynamics and Dominance of Weed Species in Wheat
Authors: Guleria Gunjan , Rana S. S.
Published: November 2023

Weeds are the serious constraints in field crops. In 2014-15 and 2015-16 long term experiment was conducted which was earlier established from the year 1994 on IPNS in rice-wheat cropping system using randomized block design with four replications at Badiarkhar farm of the university. Twelve treatments viz., control (no fertilizer/manure), 50, 75 and 100% NPK each to rice and wheat through fertilizers, 50% NPK to rice and 100% NPK to wheat through fertilizers, 50% substitution of Nitrogen through FYM, wheat straw and green manure in rice and 100% NPK through fertilizers in wheat; 25% substitution of Nitrogen through FYM, wheat straw and green manure in rice and 75% NPK through fertilizers in wheat; and farmers’ practice (40% NPK through fertilizers to each crop plus 5 t FYM/ha on dry weight basis to rice) were evaluated for a period of two years (2014-15and 2015-16). Phalaris minor was the most dominant weed during both years followed by Alopecurus sp., Vicia sativa, Polygonum hydropiper, Lathyrus aphaca and Polygonum alatum. Artemisia sp. and other weeds had a little infestation during rabi 2014-15. While Cynodon dactylon, Anagallis arvensis, Centella asiatica and other weeds had shown their invasion during rabi 2015-16.
Life Span Changes of Coffee White Stem Borers, Xylotrechus quadripes (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Response to Directed Homosexual and Heterosexual Interactions
Authors: Mangalgikar Prashant , Bhanu Karumuru Raja Madhura , Belavadi Vasuki , Pathour Shashank , Muniyappa Chandrashekharaiah , Ammagarahalli Byrappa
Published: November 2023

Our study on coffee white stem borers, Xylotrechus quadripes investigated the influence of different sex-based clustering factors on beetle survivorship and life spans. Our experiments involved various groups, including individually isolated virgin males, individually isolated virgin females, groups of only males, groups of only females, and mixed-sex groups. First, survivorship reached 100% within the initial 15 days for all groups except for isolated virgin males. In contrast, the survivorship rates of both groups involving only virgin females and only virgin males ranged from 80% to 90% compared to the maximum survival duration.  Notably, in scenarios with males in groups or mixed-gender groups, survival dropped to zero percent after 45 days. Our study also highlighted the comparable costs incurred by males engaging in both homosexual and heterosexual interactions. Males interacting with females and other males exhibited similar survival curves, displaying shorter median life spans compared to isolated virgin males, suggesting that both courting and mounting behaviors, regardless of the recipient's sex, might affect the life span of males. Furthermore, our research revealed that female-female interactions, while less costly than male-male interactions, still reduced survival periods in only the female group. These findings highlight the cost possibly associated with same-sex interactions and shed light on the dynamics of mating behaviors in this beetle. In conclusion, our findings underscore the significance of studying behavioral and life history traits in different environmental contexts. Social circumstances and ecological factors significantly influence sexual differences in lifespan and highlight the complexity of the interplay between reproductive strategies and survival rates in Xylotrechus quadripes.
Estimation of Variability, Correlation Coefficient and Path Analysis in Improved Restorer Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kavya Gunda , Senguttuvel P. , Shivani D. , Barbadikar Kalyani M.
Published: November 2023

The present investigation was conducted to estimate genetic variability parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability (h2) and genetic advance (GA) along with correlations and path coefficients from data collected on 40 F4-F5 population derived from a cross between aerobic restorer AR 9-18 and blast resistant donor MSM 1212 possessing Pi54. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Moderate GCV and PCV was observed for number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, per day productivity and single plant yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, per day productivity and single plant yield, whereas high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of mean were observed for panicle length, spikelet fertility, thousand grain weight and plant height. Grain yield per plant showed positive correlation with per day productivity, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, thousand grain weight and spikelet fertility, while, negative association with number of grains per panicle and plant height. The trait per day productivity had highest direct effect on single plant yield followed by days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, thousand grain weight, spikelet fertility (%). Hence, per day productivity and number of productive tillers per plant are identified as key traits for developing high yielding genotypes of rice for future breeding programme.
A Comprehensive Review on Examination of Plant Biochemistry Including Pathways, Enzymes, and Applications
Authors: Mahima  , Kumar Jogendra , Tyagi Ashwani Kumar , Mishra Somyashree , Bahadur Raj , Singh Anuradha , Bharathi K.
Published: November 2023

Plant biochemistry, an intricate nexus of molecular pathways, plays a pivotal role in the sustenance of both plant life and human civilization. While significant advancements have been made in this realm, the complexity of plant metabolic systems continues to pose formidable challenges for researchers. These challenges, however, are accompanied by emerging areas of exploration, such as the nuanced field of epigenetics and the intricate web of plant-microbe interactions. The insights garnered from such research hold vast potential for practical applications. In agriculture, there's an impending promise of high-yield, resilient crops tailored for a changing climate. Concurrently, the medical domain foresees a future where plants, both existing and bioengineered, become essential sources for pharmaceutical compounds. The broader industry can anticipate sustainable solutions ranging from biofuel synthesis to the creation of bioplastics, all rooted in plant biochemistry. In essence, as we delve deeper into understanding these biochemical pathways and interactions, we edge closer to harnessing them for global benefit, pointing to a future where plant biochemistry is not just a subject of academic intrigue but a linchpin for sustainable solutions across sectors.
Effect of Different Irrigation Levels and Potato Hybrids on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of the Crop under Water Stress Conditions
Authors: Akash  , Panghal V. P. S. , Ghiyal Vikram , Bhatia A. K. , Vats Chaman , Kumar Sunil , Sheoran Dikshant
Published: November 2023

As the scarcity of water increases, India will face the problem of decreasing annual freshwater use per capita. Healthy and sufficient crop and food production is essential for everyone due to the population increasing globally. Drought can result in severe productivity losses, especially for crops like the potato (Solanum tuberosum) that have shallow roots. In agriculture, it's critical to keep an eye on the soil, the climate, and the water supply for a crop. The study was carried out at the research farm of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University- Hisar, India during the rabi season of the year 2018-19. The field experiment was conducted in split plot design with four irrigation levels I1 (irrigation at 20mm CPE (Cumulative Pan Evaporimeter)), I2 (irrigation at 25mm CPE), I3 (irrigation at 30mm CPE) and I4 (irrigation at 30mm CPE + 5 t/ha grass mulch) and five potato hybrids V1 (P-21), V2 (P-32), V3 (P-37), V4 (P-38), V5 (Kufri Bahar) under two different crops at 60 and 75 days. The results revealed that parameters i.e., number of leaves, total tuber yield, and nitrogen uptake by crop were higher in both 60 and 75 days of crops under irrigation level 20 mm CPE (I1) and hybrid P-38 but in water stress condition I3 gives a better yield than other irrigation levels with hybrid -38. The present study opens up new doors to the farmers and researchers for sustainable production of potatoes.
Iodine Status of School Children Aged 6 to 12 Years in Rural and Urban Communities in Imo State, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Izuagba Tochi , Nwolisa Emeka , Njokanma Fidelis
Published: November 2023

Background: Iodine is a trace element essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which in turn play a crucial role in the growth and development of most organs, especially the brain. Iodine deficiency is therefore a serious medical condition fraught with dire consequences. Median urinary iodine concentrations of 100–199 mcg/L in children and adults, 150–249 mcg/L in pregnant women and >100 mcg/L in lactating women indicate iodine intakes are adequate.
Objective: This study set to determine the Iodine status of children aged 6-12 years using MUIC in selected urban and rural communities of Imo state, South East Nigeria.
Methods: It was cross sectional in nature and was carried out between July 2018 and January 2019. It involved 386 children aged 6-12 years who were selected from primary schools in both urban and rural local areas within the three educational zones of Imo State. Their urinary Iodine concentration was assayed using Ammonium persulphate technique of the Sandell- Koltkoff reaction method.
Results: The median urine iodine concentration (MUIC) in the study participants ranged from 65 – 490 mcg/l with a median of 160mcg/l. While median urine iodine concentrations (MUIC) of 160 mcg/L and 156mcg/L, respectively, were observed in urban-dwelling and rural-dwelling school children respectively. Of the 386 participants, 30 had a MUIC of < 100\(\mu\)g/L therefore giving an iodine deficiency prevalence of 7.8%. They consisted of 14 participants from the urban areas and 16 from the rural areas. The difference between MUIC of children in rural and urban areas of Imo state was not statistically significant . (χ2 = 0.10: p = 0.75).
Conclusion: While there was Iodine deficiency prevalence of 7.8%, there was no statistically significant difference between the Iodine status of pupils in urban and rural areas of Imo state.
Über die Beziehung zwischen Redoxpotential und Struktur der Chinone
Authors: Fritz G. , Hartmann H.
Published: November 2023

Die für das Redoxpotential der Chinone maßgebende Differenz der Resonanzenergien von Chinon und Hydrochinon wird mit dem von einem von uns entwickelten einfachen Näherungsverfahren für eine Reihe von Chinonen berechnet. Ein Vergleich mit den Redoxpotentialen zeigt eine in Anbetracht der Näherungsannahmen genügende Übereinstimmung der Theorie mit dem Experiment.
Über die „maximale Oberflächenkonzentration χ”︁ adsorbierter Moleküle.
Authors: Theimer O.
Published: November 2023

Die experimentell beobachtete Abhängigkeit der „maximalen Oberflächenkonzentration χ”︁ absorbierter Moleküle von Temperatur und anderen Parametern wird diskutiert, Sie ergibt sich ganz allgemein daraus, daß zur Auswertung der beobachteten Isothermen Formeln verwendet werden, die für das untersuchte System gar nicht zuständig sind. Insbesondere wird gezeigt, daß die Vernachlässigung der zwischenmolekularen Kräfte eine Veränderlichkeit von χ vortäuschen kann. Es werden Formeln für die „scheinbare maximale Oberflächenkonzentration x*”︁ abgeleitet und an einem Zahlenbeispiel diskutiert.
Über schnellverlaufende katalytische Prozesse und die Oxydation von Schwefeldioxyd zu Schwefelsäureanhydrid Mitteilung 2. Allgemeine Regel für gasdurchströmte Röhren. Einfluß der Verdünnung mit inerten Gasen
Authors: Andrussow Leonid
Published: November 2023

Zur Festlegung des Überganges von einer gewöhnlichen katalytischen Reaktion in die diffusionsbedingte oder umgekehrt, wird der Begriff “kritische Konzentration” vorgeschlagen. Allgemeine Betrachtungen über die Anspringtemperatur sowie Aktivitäten f(Γ) der katalytischen Oberfläche dienen zusammen mit der schematischen Darstellung der Geschwindigkeits‐Isotherme zur Erläuterung des Anstieges der Absolutgeschwindigkeit λ bis zum Punkt, wo diesem Anstieg eine Grenze gesetzt wird. Näherungsweise kann angenommen werden, daß die Aktivität f(Γ) konstant sei und eine parabolische Beziehung

magnified image

vorliegt. In solchen Fällen können die Katalysatoraktivitäten durch die Größe magnified image charakterisiert werden, mit D' als reduziertem Diffusionskoeffizienten und Δe als so benannter Zusatzkonzentration der Unterschußkomponente, welche gerade ausreicht, um die Absolutgeschwindigkeit von 0 bei der Gleichgewichtskonzentration bis zur Erreichung der diffusionsbedingten Schwelle zu steigern. Die für an ein Gleichgewicht nicht gebundenen katalytischen Prozesse aufgestellten Regeln können sinngemäß für den Fall eines Gleichgewichts übertragen werden, zumal hier kein prinzipieller Unterschied besteht: Die Oxydation von Ammoniak oder Cyanwasserstoff bei tieferen Temperaturen liefert dazu bemerkenswerte Beispiele. Nach Besprechung vereinfachter Näherungsgleichungen wird der Einfluß von inerten Gasen und die Aufstellung von Isothermen erläutert. Die Anfangszusammensetzung des Reaktionsgemisches wirkt sich auf den Wert des Diffusionskoeffizienten und, in Verbindung mit der Aktivität der katalytischen Oberfläche, auf die kritische Konzentration aus. Hervorzuheben ist, daß in dem Exponenten der e‐Funktion (in dem Faktor f) keine Gleichgewichtskonstanten vorkommen, sondern lediglich der Diffusionskoeffizient und das pro Sekunde durchgeleitete Volumen des Gasgemisches. Ferner zeichnen sich diffusionsbedingte Prozesse im strömenden System durch einen niedrigen Temperaturkoeffizienten aus.
Über die Auflösung, die Löslichkeit und die Umwandlung der beiden Arsenik‐Modifikationen Arsenolith und Claudetit in Wasser und wäßrigen Lösungen
Authors: Stranski I. N. , Plieth K. , Zoll J.
Published: November 2023

Aus den bei verschiedenen Temperaturen durchgeführten Löslichkeitsmessungen werden die Lösungswärmen und die Umwandlungswärme der beiden Modifikationen bestimmt. Die relativ großen anfänglichen Auflösungsgeschwindigkeiten des Arsenoliths in wässerigen Lösungen werden in verstärktem Maße beim Claudetit beobachtet. Es werden die Möglichkeiten zur Deutung des Effektes diskutiert. Aus den Umwandlungsversuchen der Modifikationen in Lösungen läßt sich entnehmen, daß in sauren Medien die Keimbildungshäufigkeit des Arsenoliths größer als die des Claudetits ist. Das unterschiedliche Verhalten der beiden Arseniklösungen gegenüber bestimmten Reagenzien wird durch die Annahme ständig wechselnder Strukturen der aufgelösten Arsenikteilchen zu erklären versucht.
Über Zinkdiäthyl als Lösungsmittel 1. Mitteilung: Physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften
Authors: Jander G. , Fischer L.
Published: November 2023

Es werden die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des Zinkdiäthyls eingehend besprochen. Die in der Literatur beschriebenen physikalischen Konstanten werden einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen und durch eigene Messungen berichtigt bzw. ergänzt. Aus der Tatsache, daß das Zinkdiäthyl im flüssigen Zustand nicht assoziiert ist und das Molekül kein nennenswertes Dipolmoment besitzt, werden die wichtigsten Schlußfolgerungen hinsichtlich des Lösevermögens und der Ionisationswirkung gezogen, was für die in der 2. Mitt. beschriebenen Leitfähigkeitsuntersuchungen von Bedeutung ist.
Die Beziehungen zwischen der Schwärzung und der Größe der entwickelten Silberaggregate
Authors: Klein E.
Published: November 2023

Es werden Versuche zur Berechnung der Schwärzung aus der Größe der entwickelten Silberkörner mitgeteilt. Es wird zunächst die Formel von Eggert‐Arens‐Heisenberg diskutiert. Diese Formel gibt einen Zusammenhang von Schwärzung, Silberauftrag und mittlerem Korndurchmesser an, wobei noch nicht untersucht ist, welchen Einfluß die Korngrößenverteilung nimmt. Die in die Gleichung eingehende Konstante (photometrische Konstante) wurde von den Verfassern empirisch bestimmt, da die Dichte des entwickelten Silbers unbekannt ist.

Es werden hier daher folgende Punkte behandelt:

Die allgemeine Schwärzungsformel unter Berücksichtigung der Verteilungsfunktion,

die Schwärzungsformel für rein physikalische Entwicklung (kugelförmige Silberaggregate),

die Schwärzungsformel für eine rein chemische Entwicklung. Hierzu wird ein Ansatz zur Berechnung der Silberdichte eingeführt, der sich aus elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen ergibt. Ferner wird eine Beziehung zwischen der Projektionsfläche und der Dicke tafelförmiger Kristalle eingeführt; auch diese Beziehung wird elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen entnommen. Schließlich wird auch die Lageveränderung der Körner durch die Eintrocknung der Schicht berücksichtigt.

Die Theorie wird experimentell geprüft. Für physikalische und chemische Entwicklung erhält man befriedigende Übereinstimmung mit der Theorie. Es zeigt sich, daß man für die normalerweise vorliegenden Emulsionen die Korngrößenverteilung nicht berücksichtigen muß. Es werden zur Prüfung der Theorie erstmalig Auswertungen von elektronenmikroskopischen Stereoaufnahmen zur Bestimmung der Volumenverteilung durchgeführt.

Im Rahmen der Theorie für die chemisch entwickelte Schwärzung wird eine Deutung der photometrischen Konstante gegeben, die mit der von Eggert und Küster bestimmten sehr gut übereinstimmt. Hierdurch wird es möglich, aus der Funktion zwischen entwickelter Schwärzung und dem zugehörigen Auftrag den mittleren Korndurchmesser zu berechnen. Analytische Silberbestimmungen wurden daher für drei Versuchsemulsionen verschiedener Körnigkeit durchgeführt. Hieraus wurde nach der Theorie der mittlere Korndurchmesser berechnet.
Mehrfachphotometrierung, ein Verfahren zur genauen Vermessung von Röntgen‐Kleinwinkelaufnahmen
Authors: Kratky O. , Kahovec L. , Werner H.
Published: November 2023

Zur Verringerung der durch die Körnigkeit des Röntgenfilms bedingten Ungenauigkeiten in der Messung der Intensität gestreuter Röntgenstrahlen wird vorgeschlagen, eine Mehrfachphotometrierung vorzunehmen und die Kurven übereinander zu registrieren. An Hand der Vermessung von Röntgen‐Kleinwinkelaufnahmen kann die Zweckmäßigkeit dieses Vorgehens veranschaulicht werden.
Über die Ordnung der Phasenumwandlung cholesterisch‐smektisch A in cholesterischen Mischungen
Authors: Müller W. U. , Stegemeyer H.
Published: November 2023

In einer Reihe von Mischungen aus Cholesteryloleylcarbonat und Cholesterylchlorid wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit des Molvolumens V durch Dilatometermessungen bestimmt. Aus dem Verlauf der V(T)‐Kurven in der Nähe des Phasenübergangs cholesterisch zu smektisch A ergibt sich, daß sich der Charakter des Phasenübergangs bei einem Molenbruch von 0,63 Cholesteryloleylcarbonat von erster zu zweiter Ordnung ändert. Dieses Verhalten läßt sich im Rahmen der Theorie von McMillan und Kobayashi erklären.
Overview of psychopharmacology: Experts at AACAP answer questions
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2023

At the annual AACAP (American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry) conference in October, a fascinating session to a packed house was the second part of an overview of psychopharmacology for children and adolescents. This was a lively two‐hour session with top experts in the field, sometimes joking in a serious way, as an acknowledgement of the complexities of treating young people when the evidence is still emerging. The questions had been submitted by attendees who had viewed the lectures presented by all of the panelists virtually that were available the week prior to the conference. The chair of the session facilitated the questions from the audience that were submitted electronically through the AACAP platform.
BPD and epigenetics: No medications, but psychotherapy helps in early trauma
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2023

Epigenetics refers to the modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself. The DNA doesn't change. But to use a common example, mice raised by stressed mothers are more likely to be stressed themselves even if not exposed to a stressful environment. A recent study found that both genetic and early environmental factors affect the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD), a condition for which this is no evidence‐based pharmacological treatment at this point.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer in a patient after left ventricular assist device implantation: A case report
Authors: Kuriki Shinji , Tsujii Yoshiki , Saiki Hirotsugu , Amano Takahiro , Uema Ryotaro , Kato Minoru , Yoshihara Takeo , Hayashi Yoshito , Hikita Hayato , Takehara Tetsuo
Published: November 2023

The use of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation has increased in recent years. Here, we report the first case of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) following LVAD implantation. A 69‐year‐old man who previously underwent LVAD implantation for severe heart failure underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which revealed a 15‐mm flat‐elevated cancerous lesion at the greater curvature of the gastric angle. Before ESD, antithrombotic drugs were discontinued and replaced with 10,000 units of heparin. However, on the second day, the patient experienced dysarthria and right upper‐extremity movement disorder despite a prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT‐INR) of 2.01. On the fifth day, computed tomography revealed a low‐density area extending from the left corona radiata to the basal ganglia, leading to a diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction. Aspirin and warfarin were immediately restarted, while the heparin infusion was discontinued after confirming recovery of PT activity. Thereafter, the neurological abnormalities did not aggravate and a trend toward symptomatic improvement was observed. Two months later, ESD was performed under continuous warfarin administration (PT‐INR, 2.62) without heparin replacement, and the lesion was curatively resected without complications. The patient was discharged without adverse events. This case report provides useful information on the feasibility and perioperative management of ESD in patients with LVAD.
A Nice Way to End the Year
Authors: Atwood Stephen P.
Published: November 2023

Have you heard the news that the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023 was awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimov for “the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots?” QDs are fundamentally important to displays, lighting, and medical applications.
Achieving High‐Throughput MicroLED Manufacturing with LIFT
Authors: Heintz Brett
Published: November 2023

High‐precision automation equipment enables mass production of microLED displays using laser‐based transfer techniques.
Floating Displays Feature Multiple Optical Functions
Authors: Shimose Kazuki , Tamamura Tatsuya , Tadauchi Ryo , Kawanishi Hiroyoshi
Published: November 2023

High‐definition floating displays reduce image quality degradation and downsizing of the optical system while maintaining high luminance with low power consumption.
ID Asks/Ian Jenks
Authors: Peruvemba Sri
Published: November 2023

A leader that connects the dots to build valuable companies
Statistical properties of COVID-19 transmission intervals in Republic of Korea
Authors: Seo Yeonji , Kwon Okyu , Jo Hang-Hyun
Published: November 2023

A transmission interval for an infectious disease is important to understand epidemic processes in complex networks. The transmission interval is defined as a time interval between one person’s infection and their infection to another person. To study statistical properties of transmission intervals, we analyze a COVID-19 dataset of confirmed cases in Republic of Korea that has been collected for 2 years since the confirmation of the first case on 19 January 2020. Utilizing demographic information of confirmed individuals, such as sex, age, residence location, and the nature of relation between infectors and infectees, we find that transmission intervals are rarely affected by sexes, but they tend to have larger values for the youngest and oldest age groups than other groups. We also find some metropolitan cities or provinces with relatively larger (smaller) transmission intervals than other locations. These empirical findings might help us to better understand dynamical mechanisms of epidemic processes in complex social systems.
Implementing Personal Construct Theory to explore divergent approaches to substantive knowledge in RE
Authors: Flanagan Ruth
Published: November 2023

Divergence is not a new phenomenon in RE in England and Wales. A diverse range of aims and approaches have been promoted since RE provision became compulsory in 1944. Approaches include the phenomenological, interpretative, and dialogic with current debates centring around the benefits and challenges of a ‘worldviews approach’. There have been a range of responses to this approach, and implementation has been diverse. It may appear that at the heart of this divergence is confusion over the definition of the term 'worldview' and what this entails for teachers: adding content knowledge and diverse sources. However, this paper argues that the divergence is much more significantly rooted in the nature of ‘substantive knowledge’ and the power dynamics associated with who defines, selects and assesses the validity of substantive knowledge. In current research, I am testing the hypothesis that teachers’ personal worldviews influence their choice of substantive knowledge in RE. Through 142 questionnaires and 21 interviews, this power dynamic is being investigated. Employing Kelly’s (Kelly, Personal construct psychology, Norton, 1955) Personal Construct Theory illuminated teachers’ personal worldviews relating to substantive knowledge in RE. Through the completion and analysis of RepGrids, the teachers revealed they taught the ‘good’ aspects of religions and ignored the ‘bad’. They prized knowledge from lived experience above knowledge provided by religious institutions and some deemed online sources more useful than those from religious institutions. The power to define ‘substantive’ knowledge, once primarily in the hands of religious institutions, has dissipated to embrace definitions from teachers’ personal worldviews. Whilst enabling a diversity of beliefs to be covered, without examination, hegemonic power may risk the validity of the subject. What is needed, in the midst of this divergence, is not a battle for supremacy, and a rejection of one voice over the other, but an acknowledgement of the power dynamics in defining substantive knowledge in RE.
Involuntary memories are not déjà vu
Authors: Gülgöz Sami , Ergen Irem
Published: November 2023

The proposed framework can benefit from integrating predictive processing into the explanation of déjà vu which corresponds to interrupted prediction. Déjà vu is also accompanied by familiarity. However, considerable ambiguity is inherent in familiarity, which necessitates elaboration of this construct. Research findings on involuntary autobiographical memories and déjà vu show discrepancies, and clustering these constructs can be counterproductive for research.
The need for a unified framework: How Tulving's framework of memory systems, memory processes, and the SPI-model can guide and sharpen the understanding of déjà vu and involuntary autobiographical memories and add to conceptual clarity
Authors: Markowitsch Hans J. , Kordon Andreas , Staniloiu Angelica
Published: November 2023

Barzykowski and Moulin link déjà vu and involuntary autobiographical memories to the process of retrieval. They make no reference to Tulving's SPI-model. In this, it is proposed that information is acquired serially (S), stored in parallel (P), and retrieved independently (I). This model offers an alternative, elegant, view of involuntary autobiographical memory retrieval, as well as of déjà vus.
Distinguishing involuntary autobiographical memories and déjà vu experiences: Different types of cues and memory representations?
Authors: Kvavilashvili Lia , Markostamou Ioanna
Published: November 2023

Although involuntary autobiographical memories (IAMs) and déjà vu have important shared characteristics, in this commentary, we focus on potential differences that may question the argument that two phenomena lie on a continuum. We propose that differences in their frequency and autonoetic consciousness could be explained by different types of cues and memory representations involved in experiencing IAMs and déjà vu.
Evolutionary mismatch and anomalies in the memory system
Authors: Veit Walter , Browning Heather
Published: November 2023

In order to understand involuntary autobiographical memories and déjà vu experiences, we argue that it is important to take an evolutionary medicine perspective. Here, we propose that these memory anomalies can be understood as the outcomes of an inevitable design trade-off between type I and type II errors in memory processing.
Accounting for the strangeness, infrequency, and suddenness of déjà vu
Authors: Andonovski Nikola , Michaelian Kourken
Published: November 2023

Barzykowski and Moulin argue that déjà vu is a natural product of autobiographical memory retrieval. Their proposal fails to account for three salient properties of déjà vu experiences: Their strangeness, their infrequency, and their characteristically sudden onset. Accounting for these properties is necessary for proper integration of déjà vu into autobiographical memory research.
Neuropsychological predictions on involuntary autobiographical memory and déjà vu
Authors: Bastin Christine
Published: November 2023

I strongly support Barzykowski and Moulin in their proposal that common retrieval mechanisms can lead to distinct phenomenological memory experiences. I emphasize the importance of one of these mechanisms, namely the attribution system. Neuropsychological studies should help clarifying the role of these retrieval mechanisms, notably in cases of medial temporal-lobe lesions and cases of dementia.
The misidentification syndromes and source memory deficits with their neuroanatomical correlates from neuropsychological perspective
Authors: Sikorski Rafał , Sitek Emilia J.
Published: November 2023

The suggested model is discussed with reference to two clinical populations with memory disorders – patients with misidentification syndromes and those with source memory impairment, both of whom may present with (broadly conceived) déjà vu phenomenon, without insight into false feeling of familiarity. The role of the anterior thalamic nucleus and retrosplenial cortex for autobiographical memory and familiarity is highlighted.
Further advancing theories of retrieval of the personal past
Authors: Barzykowski Krystian , Moulin Chris J. A.
Published: November 2023

In our target article, we presented the idea that involuntary autobiographical memories (IAMs) and déjà vu may both be based on the same retrieval processes. Our core claim was thus straightforward: Both can be described as “involuntary” or spontaneous cognitions, where IAMs deliver content and déjà vu delivers only the feeling of retrieval. Our proposal resulted in 27 commentaries covering a broad range of perspectives and approaches. The majority of them have not only amplified our key arguments but also pushed our ideas further by offering extensions, refinements, discussing possible implications and providing additional empirical, neuroscientific and clinical support. The discussion launched by the commentaries proves to us the importance of bringing IAMs and déjà vu into mainstream discussions of memory retrieval processes.
Cost-effectiveness of population-based screening for microalbuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in India
Authors: Mathan Kumar Sudalaimuthu , Essakky Saravanan , Rajasulochana Subramania R. , Kar Sitanshu Sekhar , Sivanatham Parthibane , Anandraj Jeyanthi , Parameswaran Sreejith , Soman Biju , Rajsekhar Kavitha , Stanley Antony
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Patients with diabetes have a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early detection of CKD through microalbuminuria screening, followed by treatment, delays the progression of CKD. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of population-based screening of microalbuminuria among normotensive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged >40 years compared with no screening scenario using a decision tree combined with the Markov model.

Methods

We considered two scenarios: Scenario I – dipstick microalbuminuria followed by spot-urine albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR) and serum creatinine in sequence; Scenario II – spot urine ACR plus serum creatinine. A mathematical cohort of the target population was simulated over a lifetime horizon with an annual cycle. Data for the model were obtained from secondary resources. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were estimated for screening scenarios compared to nonscreening scenario, along with sensitivity analyses.

Results

The discounted ICER per quality-adjusted life years gained for annual microalbuminuria screening in the normotensive diabetic population in India were ₹ 24,114 (US$ 308) and ₹ 13,790 (US$ 176) for scenarios I and II, respectively. Annual screening by scenarios I and II resulted in a reduction of 180 and 193 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) cases per 100,000 population, respectively, resulting in a cost saving of ₹ 12.3 and 13.3 Crore spent on ESRD management over 10 years. Both scenarios were also cost-effective even at the screening frequencies of 5 and 10 yearly.

Conclusion

Microalbuminuria screening was cost-effective at the threshold of one-time GDP per capita in India.
App-based self-trainings targeting strain recovery and their effect on concentration
Authors: Hartner-Tiefenthaler Martina , Schoellbauer Julia
Published: November 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many knowledge workers reported concentration problems. This can be seen as critical as concentration is an important indicator for both cognitive wellbeing and occupational success. Drawing on the load theory of selective attention, we argue that concentration problems can be caused by the strain workers experienced during the pandemic. Consequently, by associating impaired concentration with strain, we hypothesize that strengthening strain recovery is a method that potentially supports concentration in stressful times. We developed the smartphone app "swoliba" containing self-training exercises targeting recovery experiences and tested the benefit of this app with two intervention groups and one waitlist-control group. Participants of the intervention groups were asked to carry out the exercises accompanied by surveys throughout a period of 4 weeks in 2020/2021. Results show that participants in the intervention groups reported higher concentration levels and lower strain levels than those in the control group, and this beneficial effect on concentration is partially mediated via lower strain levels. We conclude that self-training apps can be an effective tool for recovery interventions reducing strain but also supporting concentration. Using two different intervention conditions, we can reliably demonstrate the beneficial effect of our swoliba training program.
Gravity evidence for a heterogeneous crust of Mercury
Authors: Buoninfante Salvatore , Milano Maurizio , Negri Barbara , Plainaki Christina , Sindoni Giuseppe , Fedi Maurizio
Published: November 2023

We modeled gravity data to explore Mercury’s internal structure and show the presence of crustal heterogeneities in density. We first evaluated the lithospheric flexure occurring in the spherical harmonic degree range 5–80, according to the flexural isostatic response curve. We thus estimated a mean elastic lithosphere thickness of about 30 $$\pm$$
±
10 km and modeled the crust-mantle interface, which varies from 19 to 42 km depth, according to a flexural compensation model. The isostatic gravity anomalies were then obtained as the residual field with respect to the contributions from topography and lithospheric flexure. Isostatic anomalies are mainly related to density variations in the crust: gravity highs mostly correspond to large-impact basins suggesting intra-crustal magmatic intrusions as the main origin of these anomalies. Isostatic gravity lows prevail, instead, above intercrater plains and may represent the signature of a heavily fractured crust.
Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by trophoblast-conditioned medium and trophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles in human middle ear epithelial cells
Authors: Lee Chan Mi , Go Yoon Young , Song Jae-Jun
Published: November 2023

Otitis media is a common disease but can cause severe inner ear inflammation and hearing loss if it persists for more than two weeks. This study elucidates the inflammation-inhibiting efficacy of conditioned medium (CM) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human trophoblast (TB) cells in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs). TB-conditioned medium (TB-CM) reduced the inflammatory response and regulated mucin and epithelial sodium channel genes in LPS-induced HMEECs. The underlying mechanism of cell migration during inflammatory healing in LPS-induced HMEECs treated with TB-CM was determined by RNA-sequencing analysis. Specifically, the NF-κB pathway related to the copper metabolism MURR1 domain protein was studied and verified through siRNA. This elucidation of the anti-inflammatory effect of TB-CM and TB-derived EVs demonstrates their clinical potential to treat chronic inflammation.
Development of an advanced velocity modulator for a portable Mössbauer spectrometer
Authors: Yoon Joanne , Lee Jaegi , Ye Sung-Joon , Bang Young-bong
Published: November 2023

Mössbauer spectroscopy is a nuclear spectroscopic technique that measures changes in energy on an atomic scale. In a Mössbauer spectrometer, a velocity modulator oscillates a radioactive source to vary the energy of gamma rays. Conventional velocity modulators use wires primarily as motion guides; however, the tension state of these wires may change over time. Membrane springs are thus used as an alternative to wires; however, they also present certain challenges related to their design, manufacturing, and assembly. Instead of wires or membrane springs, this study used a linear bearing with preloaded compression springs. The advantage of this mechanism is that permanent deformation or changes in spring stiffness minimally occur during spring assembly and operation. The developed velocity modulator is compact and light, making it ideal for portable applications. A digital controller is used to easily modify and customize control parameters and the supporting algorithm, which is not easily achieved with conventional analog controllers. Moreover, by applying a switching amplifier, low-power operation is also achieved. Feedforward control values are calculated by an iterative learning method that is robust to the control of repeated motion. Using finite element method simulations and experiments, the performance of the developed prototype was evaluated. The velocity signal demonstrated linearity with a correlation with a straight line of approximately 0.996 for a triangular velocity profile (satisfactory performance).
Data-driven prediction of the shear capacity of ETS-FRP-strengthened beams in the hybrid 2PKT–ML approach
Authors: Tran Thai Son , Stitmannaithum Boonchai , Van Hong Bui Linh , Nguyen Thanh-Truong
Published: November 2023

A new approach that combines analytical two-parameter kinematic theory (2PKT) with machine learning (ML) models for estimating the shear capacity of embedded through-section (ETS)-strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams is proposed. The 2PKT was first developed to validate its representativeness and confidence against the available experimental data of ETS-retrofitted RC beams. Given the deficiency of the test data, the developed 2PKT was utilized to generate a large data pool with 2643 samples. The aim was to optimize the ML algorithms, namely, the random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine, and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. The optimized ANN model exhibited the highest accuracy in predicting the total shear strength of ETS-strengthened beams and ETS shear contribution. In terms of predicting the total shear strength of ETS-strengthened beams, the ANN model achieved R2 values of 0.99, 0.98, and 0.96 for the training, validation, and testing data, respectively. By contrast, the ANN model could predict ETS shear contribution with high accuracy, with R2 values of 0.99, 0.99, and 0.97 for the training, validation, and testing data, respectively. Then, the effects of all design variables on the shear capacity of the ETS-strengthened beams were investigated using the hybrid 2PKT–ML. The obtained trends could well appraise the reasonability of the proposed approach.
Optimization of oil yield of Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér using Box-Behnken design in relation to its antimicrobial activity and in silico study
Authors: Wafa Sanagik Sabry Abu El , El-Ashmawy Ahmed A. , Kassem Hanaa A. H. , Eissa Ibrahim H. , Abu-Elghait Mohammed , Younis Nermin A. , Younis Inas Y.
Published: November 2023

Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér is an important species of genus Pelargonium with an economic value. The unique rose scent of its oil is used in perfume and cosmetic industry. The oil is characterized by the presence of citronellol, geraniol and rose oxide. Fresh aerial parts of P. graveolens at GC–MS analysis of four seasons revealed that autumn constituted the highest yield of the oil. For the first time, optimization of the yield of extracted oil of P. graveolens was performed employing 3-level Box-Behnken design using 3-factors. The GC–MS analysis of the essential oil was performed for the 17-runs. The optimized extraction of the oil was performed employing numerical optimization and studied for antimicrobial, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and biofilm inhibitory activities. The 3 factors followed rank (plant material amount > water volume > NaCl percent in water), in their magnitude of effect on increasing yield of the oil. Increasing the plant material amount increased the yield of the oil by 6-folds compared to NaCl percent in water. The optimized yield of oil (4 ml) was obtained from extraction criteria (150 g of plant, 750 ml of water and 3.585% (26.85 g) of NaCl). Computational docking was performed to overcome the multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli targeting undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UPPS). The optimized oil exhibited a promising inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria (K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa) with significant antibiofilm action (P < 0.05). Moreover, it exerted a synergistic effect when combined with various antibiotics (Cefoxitin, Cloxacillin, Oxacillin and Vancomycin) against MRSA clinical strains.
Is the household food security the nucleus determinant for the prevalence of stunting in Purworejo Regency?
Authors: Wijaya Oki , Susanto Deni Aditya , Satriyandari Yekti , Kasim Anisah Binti
Published: November 2023

This study aims to analyze household food security as the core determinant of stunting and Purworejo Regency of Central Java Province as a case study. Methodologically, this study used multiple binary regression models. This study analyzed 250 samples selected randomly tiered (multi-stage random sampling). The equation used is stunting as a dependent variable and an independent variable (dummy) in the form of household food security and control variables (parental marriage age, use of contraceptives, gestation, parity, early breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding, pollution status, and distance of health facilities). As a result, household food security is proven to be a core determinant of stunting in Purworejo District. Household food security has a significant effect on the -0.679 (α 0.001) coefficient on stunting. This means that houses that have food security have the opportunity to reduce the risk and prevent stunting by 67.9% than those that do not. As a control variable, the use of contraceptives, parity, early initiation of breastfeeding, and exclusive breastfeeding had a significant negative effect on stunting while pollution status had a significant positive effect. This model has been able to explain the research phenomenon by 58.2% (adjusted R-square 0.582).
Improving Organoleptic and Physicochemical Properties of Breadfruit Flour through Tannin Reduction
Authors: Widowati S. , Widaningrum  , Sulistyaningrum Anna
Published: November 2023

Breadfruit is classified as a climacteric fruit with a fast respiration process, and in fresh form it has a short shelf life. Breadfruit is a fruit with high carbohydrate content; therefore, it is suitable for processing into flour as well as increasing shelf life, usability, and economic value. The problem is, there are compounds that cause a bitter taste in breadfruit flour. This study aims to develop processing technology to reduce bitter compounds and characterize breadfruit flour. Processing of breadfruit flour selected from the ten methods developed, consisting of peeling the breadfruit, washing, and cutting, blanching (10 minutes) followed by slicing, soaking (in 0.03% sodium bisulfite, 1 hour), pressing, drying the breadfruit chips, and milling. The best method is applied to produce breadfruit flour from various regions (Bone, Seribu Islands, Yogyakarta, Cilacap and South Tangerang). The results showed that the best process could reduce tannins and cyanide up to 84% and 93%, respectively. The characteristics of breadfruit flour from various regions are different. The flour yield ranges from 17-24% of the fruit weight. Breadfruit flour has a carbohydrate content of 92-94% (db), dietary fiber 6.8-8.1%, amylose 17.7-26.1%, tannins 0.11-0.24%, HCN 0.41-1.89 ppm and digestibility of starch in vitro 72.3-87.2%.
New healthy food product crafted from sweet potato flour and pasta: Brownies
Authors: Widaningrum  , Misgiyarta  , Widowati S.
Published: November 2023

Sweet potato (SP) provides good nutrition to maintain public health status. It has a high energy content, protein, fat, and considerable dietary fiber. Four of SP varieties i.e., Beta 1, Beta 2,
Antin 2, and trib c contain bioactive compounds such as anthocyanin and beta-carotene. In their fresh form, Antin 2 and Antin 3 contained higher calories compared to Beta 1. Meanwhile, in the form of flour, Beta 1 had more beta carotene (29.41±0.06 mg/100g) than Beta 2 (27.26±0.13 mg/100g), and Antin 3 contained more anthocyanin (47.66±0.05 mg/100g) than Antin 2 (29.04±0.01mg/100g). The aim of this study was to test the brownies made using SP pasta (SPP) and SP flour (SPF), and to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory properties of resulting brownies. Results show that there were various differences in moisture content (2.35–3.99%), ash (2.67–3.66%), fat (11.50–24.62%), protein (2.46–3.65%), carbohydrate (65.07–79.52%), and energy (436.98–494.86 kcal), but the differences were not systematic. The sensory evaluation demonstrated that the product was well-accepted by the panelists in terms of color, flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability, indicating that SP have a potential as raw material for food products and further utilization to support sustainable agriculture.