bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operational Networks: Adaptation to Extreme Events in China
Authors: Comfort Louise K. , Zhang Haibo
Published: January 2020

Natural hazards pose an increasing challenge to public administrators, as the frequency, costs, and consequences of extreme events escalate in a complex, interdependent, world. This study examines organizational networks as instruments for mobilizing collective response to extreme events, but effective design has been elusive. Governments have focused on planned networks to anticipate risk before hazards occur; communities have formed emergent networks as voluntary efforts after the event. Using a framework of complex adaptive systems, we identify operational networks that adapt to their immediate context in real time, using technologies to support the search, exchange, and feedback of information to enable informed, collective action. Applying mixed research methods—documentary analysis of laws, policies, and procedures; content analysis of news articles; onsite observation; and semistructured interviews with experienced personnel—we document operational networks as a distinct form of multiorganizational response to urgent events that combines the structure of designated authority with the flexibility of information technologies. The integration of planned and emergent organizational forms into operational networks is measured through External/Internal (E/I) index analysis, based on empirical data collected on response systems that formed following the 2008 Wenchuan and 2013 Lushan earthquakes in the centralized administrative context of China. Findings show that planned networks provide the organizational structure and initial legitimacy essential for operational networks to form, but ready access to information technology—cell phones, short‐wave radio systems, internet access—enables rapid communication and exchange of information essential for flexible adaptation in real time to meet urgent needs.
Protective factors for depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood
Authors: Germani Alessandro , Delvecchio Elisa , Li Jian‐Bin , Mazzeschi Claudia
Published: January 2020

Emerging adulthood is characterized by pervasive changes in identity and relationships. These challenges can entail problems for subjective well‐being, leading to depressive symptoms. The development of an autonomous‐related self is considered crucial for emerging adults’ personal growth and psychological well‐being. Autonomous‐related self is linked to self‐esteem and secure attachment style, which are also protective factors for depression. The current research sought to investigate the relation between autonomous‐related self and depressive symptoms, as well as the role of secure attachment style and self‐esteem, in a sample of 356 Italian emerging adults. Gender differences were taken into account in preliminary analyses. Gender differences emerged for autonomous‐related self and self‐esteem, while secure attachment and depression levels were similar across gender. Our results suggest that autonomous‐related self, mediated by self‐esteem and secure attachment style, is a protective factor for emotional states of depression, controlling for social desirability. These findings emphasize the importance of taking autonomy and relatedness into account in emerging adulthood and represent a starting point for future studies.
Power and Politics: A Case Study in Community Sport Partnerships
Authors: McGarry Jennifer E. , Evanovich Justin M. , Arinze Nneka A. , Ebron Kolin , Cho Jun Young
Published: January 2020

Carmen Jackson directs West Jefferson’s Harris Center. Dissatisfied with the efforts of previous partners at the Center, she is looking to form connections with partners with whom she could work alongside to address the interests and needs of West Jefferson’s youth. Specifically, Ms. Jackson is concerned about the lack of structured programming and the low participation rates among girls. Dr. Snow, from nearby Paul Warner College (PWC), was referred to Ms. Jackson as a possible new partner. Dr. Snow saw the potential for college students in her Non-Profit and Community Sport course to engage in projects with the Harris Center. Summer conversations led to plans to begin partnering in the fall. The new school year has arrived. As Ms. Jackson posts flyers about the new partnership per a request from PWC’s media campaign, she is waiting to meet Dr. Snow’s students. Utilizing Parent and Harvey’s model for community-based sport initiatives, the emerging partnership between the Harris Center and PWC has established a mutually beneficial purpose. However, additional antecedents necessary for a successful project could be lacking (i.e., collaborative planning, understanding of the environments, and nature of partners), and not everyone realizes the issues with how the partnership is beginning.
Suppression of high-mobility group box 1 ameliorates xerostomia in a Sjögren syndrome-triggered mouse model
Authors: Wang Di , Zhou Meilan , Wang Yan , Sun Shiren
Published: January 2020

Xerostomia is a self-conscious symptom. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) promotes pro-inflammatory effects in many diseases. This study aimed to clarify the role of HMGB1 in Sjögren syndrome (SS)-triggered xerostomia. Nonobese diabetic (NOD)/Ltj mice were used to establish an SS-triggered xerostomia model. The results showed that saliva production was decreased and anti-Sjögren syndrome B (anti-SSB) level was increased in SS. PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry experiments indicated that the HMGB1 and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) levels were enhanced and diminished in SS compared with those in the control, respectively. While the mice were treated with anti-HMGB1, xerostomia was reversed due to the elevated saliva production and reduced anti-SSB level. In addition, it was found that the inhibition of HMGB1 restrained the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) axis activation. The TLR4 and p-IκB levels were alleviated, while the IκBα and NF-κB p65 levels were augmented. The NF-κB p65 binding activity was attenuated via the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) after anti-HMGB1 treatment. Moreover, the repression of HMGB1 facilitated the expression of AQP5. These findings demonstrate that suppression of HMGB1 ameliorates SS-triggered xerostomia via suppressing the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulating AQP5 expression.
Design and Fabrication of a PDMS-Based Manual Micro-Valve System for Microfluidic Applications
Authors: Le Tu N. , Nguyen Van-Anh , Bach Giang L. , Tran Lam D. , Cao Ha H.
Published: January 2020

In this study, a manual micro-valve system (dimension: w × h: 1000 × 50 μm with 8-integrated channel valves was designed for controlling up to 8 different flows of agents (including magnetic nanoparticle flow) injected into the mixture zone of the microfluidics. The working parts of the micro-valve and microfluidic channel were fabricated from Poly(dimethyl siloxane) materials. The aperture of each channel valve was manually manipulated by a screw and a support kit (made of Plexiglas® materials). This valve system was connected to a microfluidic device with two important modules: a multi-liquid mixing component and a micro-reactor (~5 μL of volume). The study on controlling liquid flows proved that this valve system was effective for the experiments on the flow mixing and delivering the reactants into the micro-reaction chamber in order. The results are the first step for the fabrication of liquid flow controllers in integrated microfluidic systems towards biological analysis applications.
Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Anticancer Pharmacological Activities of Euphorbia lunulata Bunge
Authors: Wang Yuwei , Yu Xiao , Wang Lingna , Zhang Fang , Zhang Yongqing
Published: January 2020

Euphorbia lunulata Bunge (ELB) is a traditional Chinese medicine possessing the functions of expectoration, cough relief, asthma relief, detoxification, and itching relief. Modern pharmacological studies have showed that ELB exhibits a variety of activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. In particular, the anticancer activities of ELB have attracted much attention. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress on the chemical constituents and anticancer activities of ELB by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. The results show that more than 151 components have been identified from extracts of ELB, including 73 terpenoids, 28 flavonoids, 8 phenylpropanoids, 7 steroids, 19 phenols, and 5 alkaloids. ELB has been shown to exhibit significant inhibitory effects on lung, cervical, gastric, breast, and liver cancers, and its anticancer effects are mainly manifested in the 3 aspects, including cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, and inhibition of the migration of cancer cells.
Sign Prediction on Social Networks Based Nodal Features
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyu , Ma Yinghong
Published: January 2020

The sentiments among social individuals are complexity and diversity, and the relationships between them include being friendly and hostile. The positive (“friendly” ,“like” or “trust”) or negative (“hostile”, “dislike” or “distrust”) sentiments in the relations can be modeled as signed connections or links. The missing relations or sentiments between individuals are always worthy of speculation. The sign predication on links has been significant applications in a variety of online settings, such as online recommendation system and abnormal user detections. A novel sign prediction method called the SPR model is measured by the values of the two indexes, one is similarity; the other is preference-reputation (PR). The similarity of a pair nodes is defined by the statistical properties of local structures. The definition of similarity agrees with the theory of social balance because existing connections reflect the tendency of the new links emergence between individuals. And PR value is to measure the positive or negative tendency of edges without sign. The experiments on real big social data proved the feasibility and efficiency of the SPR model: Comparing with some popular predication methods, the SPR model in this issue shows lower complexity and higher accuracy. Experimental results also prove that the SPR model provide insight and foresight of the mechanism driving the sign formation of links.
Plasma Procalcitonin Is Useful for Predicting the Severity of Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Sakalar Saben , Ozakın Engin , Cevik Arif Alper , Acar Nurdan , Dogan Serkan , Kaya Filiz Baloglu , Kara Taylan
Published: January 2020

Background. Acute cholecystitis is a common complication of cholelithiasis. Delayed diagnosis may constitute morbidity and mortality; therefore, early diagnosis and determining the severity of acute cholecystitis are crucial.Objectives. This study aimed to determine the validity of blood procalcitonin (PCT) levels in assessing the severity of acute cholecystitis.Methods. The Emergency Department (ED) patients diagnosed as acute cholecystitis were included in the study. Patients were allocated into three severity grades according to the Tokyo Guidelines 2013. PCT level was measured after the clinical and radiological diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in the ED.Results. Ninety-five patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis, among them 48 of were male. Forty patients (42.1%) were allocated to grade 1, 19 (20%) to grade 2, and 36 (37.9%) to grade 3. The median values of PCT were 0.104 ng/ml, 0.353 ng/ml, and 1.466 ng/ml for grade 1, 2, and 3 patients, respectively (p<0.001).Conclusion. Blood procalcitonin levels can be used to determine the severity of acute cholecystitis effectively.
Phase Change Material (PCM) Microcapsules for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Peng Guangjian , Dou Guijing , Hu Yahao , Sun Yiheng , Chen Zhitong
Published: January 2020

Phase change materials (PCMs) are gaining increasing attention and becoming popular in the thermal energy storage field. Microcapsules enhance thermal and mechanical performance of PCMs used in thermal energy storage by increasing the heat transfer area and preventing the leakage of melting materials. Nowadays, a large number of studies about PCM microcapsules have been published to elaborate their benefits in energy systems. In this paper, a comprehensive review has been carried out on PCM microcapsules for thermal energy storage. Five aspects have been discussed in this review: classification of PCMs, encapsulation shell materials, microencapsulation techniques, PCM microcapsules’ characterizations, and thermal applications. This review aims to help the researchers from various fields better understand PCM microcapsules and provide critical guidance for utilizing this technology for future thermal energy storage.
Alpha-Thalassemia Carrier due to –α3.7 Deletion: Not So Silent
Authors: Gilad Oded , Steinberg-Shemer Orna , Dgany Orly , Krasnov Tanya , Noy-Lotan Sharon , Tamary Hannah , Yacobovich Joanne
Published: January 2020

Background/Objective: Alpha-thalassemia is one of the most prevalent genetic diseases, with the –α3.7 deletion being the most common mutation. Molecular studies have suggested mechanisms to explain the mild phenotype of “silent carrier” heterozygotes. However, the correlation between the clinical laboratory picture and the –α3.7 heterozygous state remains unclear, thus we chose to investigate. Methods: We analyzed the medical files of 192 children evaluated for microcytosis at our tertiary center between 2007 and 2017 and diagnosed as heterozygotes for the –α3.7 deletion. Additional α-thalassemia mutations, iron deficiency anemia, and β-thalassemia were ruled out. Laboratory parameters were compared to age- and sex-matched reference values. Results: The –α3.7 carriers had significantly lower Hb and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than the reference population, and significantly higher red blood cell counts across all age groups. The greatest reduction in Hb level appeared among male adolescents, while MCV was consistently 2 SDs lower than normal in most patients older than 2 years. Conclusion: Heterozygosity for the –α3.7 deletion was associated with clinically significant microcytosis and mild anemia in our pediatric population. In the absence of iron deficiency and β-thalassemia, this finding provides a diagnosis for mild microcytic anemia, making additional investigations of microcytosis unnecessary.
Interaction between SDF1 and CXCR4 Promotes Photoreceptor Differentiation via Upregulation of NFκB Pathway Signaling Activity in Pax6 Gene-Transfected Photoreceptor Precursors
Authors: Shimizu Jun , Suzuki Tomoko , Hirotsu Chieko , Ueno Hiroki , Takada Erika , Arimitsu Nagisa , Ueda Yuji , Wakisaka Sueshige , Suzuki Noboru
Published: January 2020

Background: CCL2 (also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and CX3CR1 (also known as Fractalkine receptor)-deficient mice have damaged photoreceptors. Objectives: We examined the interaction of SDF1 and CXCR4 on the differentiation of retinal progenitors into rhodopsin-positive photoreceptors. Methods: Cloned retinal progenitors were obtained by Pax6 gene transfection of mouse iPS cells followed by serial dilution. Clones were selected by expression of nestin, Musashi1, Six3, and Chx10 mRNA. Cell surface protein expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of mRNA and intracellular protein were examined by real-time PCR and immunochemistry, respectively. Transient transfection experiments of retinal progenitors were conducted using a human rhodopsin promoter luciferase plasmid. Results: We selected 10 clones that expressed Six3, Chx10, Crx, Rx1, Nrl, CD73, and rhodopsin mRNA, which, except for rhodopsin, are photoreceptor precursor markers. Clones expressed both CD73 and CXCR4 on the cell surface and differentiated into rhodopsin-positive photoreceptors, which was reinforced by the addition of exogenous SDF1. A CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 blocked SDF1-mediated differentiation of progenitors into photoreceptors. SDF1 enhanced human rhodopsin promoter transcription activity, possibly via the NFκB pathway. Addition of SDF1 to the cell culture induced nuclear translocation of NFκB on retinal progenitor cell clones. Neonatal and newborn mouse retinas expressed SDF1 and CXCR4. Cells in the outer nuclear layer where photoreceptors are located expressed CXCR4 at P14 and P56. Cells in the inner nuclear layer expressed SDF1. Conclusions: These findings suggest that retinal progenitor cell differentiation was at least partly regulated by SDF1 and CXCR4 via upregulation of NFκB activity.
Real time FPGA Implementation of PWM Chopper Fed Capacitor Run Induction Motor
Authors: Murali N. , Balaji V.
Published: January 2020

This paper presents the performance enhancement of capacitor run induction motor by pulse width modulated AC chopper.The phase angle control faces severe shortfall in the performance improvement for larger triggering angles. In this paper the comparison of phase angle control and sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique is encountered for effective speed control of single phase capacitor run induction motor. The necessary parameters are taken into considerations are higher efficiency, lesser total harmonic distortion and high input power factor. The results are compared by using the simulations using matlab Simulink environment. The validation of result in hardware is implemented using Field programmable gate array for sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique.
Design And Analysis Of CMOS Low Noise Amplifier Circuit For 5-GHz Cascode and Folded Cascode In 180nm Technology
Authors: Kanthi T. , Sharath Babu Rao D.
Published: January 2020

This paper is about Low noise amplifier topologies based on 0.18µm CMOS technology. A common source stage with inductive degeneration, cascode stage and folded cascode stage is designed, simulated and the performance has been analyzed. The LNA’s are designed in 5GHz. The LNA of cascode stage of noise figure (NF) 2.044dB and power gain 4.347 is achieved. The simulations are done in cadence virtuoso spectre RF.
Design Considerations of Reconfigurable CMOS Mixers for Multi-Standard Communication Receiver Systems
Authors: Kumar Vishnoi Manoj , Sai Srikant Satya
Published: January 2020

This paper has been carried out the study of reconfigurable wide-band mixers that can do the frequency conversion and gain variation standards with low noise and high linearity used in multi-mode and multi-standard receivers. Over the last few years reconfigurability has become very popular in adopting technology to meet the wideband wireless communication specifications that is compatible with multi-standards like GPS (1.57 GHz), WLAN (2.4 GHz - 5.9 GHz), Bluetooth (2.402 – 2.483 GHz) and ZigBee (0.784 - 0.915 GHz) in low power consumption environment. The reconfigurability can be achieved between low and high band modes through power switching in RF frequency mixers. It can be achieved by flipping the input RF signal between gate and source terminal of input transistor and altering the trans-impedance stage output. With the concept of reconfigurable transistor pair with open and short circuit stubs, one can not only find the configurable gain with center frequencies 7.355, 8.65, 11.35 and 12.65 GHz but also with high power efficiency. Tow Thomas Bi-Quad Topology other than the traditional current commuting technique for the second order trans-impedance amplifier stage, works as a current mode filter over a tunable bandwidth. The active Gilbert mixers are used widely in most of communication system, due to its significance gain, perfect isolation, and linearity in response.
Design and Implementation of a New Architecture of a Real-Time Reconfigurable Digital Modulator (DM) Into QPSK, 8-PSK, and 16-PSK on FPGA
Authors: Andre Walder , Couillard Olivier
Published: January 2020

One of the prerequisites of Electronic Warfare (EW) is to have the means to provide secure point-to-point wireless data and voice communications with other ground stations. New technologies are giving rise to bigger information security threats. This situation illustrates the best the urgency of reducing the development and upgrade time of EW systems. Previous works suggest that digital systems are the best candidates for this purpose and therefore form the backbone of modern Electronic Warfare. Indeed, Digital Modulation (DM) techniques are widely used in modern wireless communication systems. This is largely due to their high resistance to noise and their high transmission capacity that can be achieved through data multiplexing. In this article, a new reconfigurable architecture of a Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation is described. The latter can be configured in real time to produce the following modulation schemes: QPSK, 8-PSK, and 16-PSK without having to regenerate the FPGA configuration bits. This action can be done by software via programming or manually using a DIP switch. The proposed design is implemented on the Xilinx xc7k325tfbg900 FPGA using the Genesis 2 development board. The Vivado Physical Design Automation tool indicates a power consumption of 303 mW by the on-chip circuit. The experimental results are in agreement with the simulations.
New Optimized Reconfigurable ALU Design Based on DG-CNTFET Nanotechnology
Authors: Ghabri Houda , Ben Issa Dalenda , Samet Hekmet
Published: January 2020

The heart of the microprocessor and responsible for the execution of logical and arithmetic operations, the arithmetic and logical unit is constantly optimized. The performance is improved to allow the development of more powerful and smaller circuits. This paper describes simple ALU but contains the essentials functions. It is a reconfigurable ALU based on double-gate carbon nanotube field effect transistor (DG-CNTFETs). This transistor has an interesting property, it can switch from p- to n- type behavior and vice-versa dynamically. This opens the opportunity for building novel and complex functions in fine-grain reconfigurable logic inaccessible to MOSFETs and reaching a good performance levels. In literature there are several problems related to signal quality. In this paper, we will propose a new solution that allows us to improve the quality of the output signal without affecting the number of transistors used. This improves the overall performance of ALU. We will show the improvement in signal level and quality. First, an overview of carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET) and state of the art Reconfigurable ALU based on DG-CNTFET is given. Then an explication of signal integrity issues of the actual Reconfigurable DG-CNTFET cell is done. After we will present and explain the proposed solution. The solution is first applied on the cnt_9T circuit then will show its effect on the ALU. Finally, a performance comparison is made.
Comparison analysis of three value logic 8T CNTFET SRAM Cell with 6 CMOS SRAM CELL at 32nm technology
Authors: Selvan S.Tamil
Published: January 2020

This paper proposed a new concept of highly SNM and low power SRAM cell using carbon nanotube FETs (CNTFETs) at 18nm technology node. As device physical gate length is reduced to below 65 nm, device non-idealities such as large parameter variations and exponential increase in Dynamic leakage current make the I-V characteristics substantially different from traditional MOSFETs and become a serious obstacle to scale devices. CNFETs have received widespread attention as one of the promising successor to MOSFETs. The proposed circuit was simulated in HSPICE using 32nm Stanford CNFET model. Analysis of the results shows that the proposed CNTFET based 3VL 8T SRAM cell, power dissipation, and stability substantially improved compared with the conventional CMOS 6T SRAM cell by 51% and 58% respectively at the expense of 4% write delay increase.
Performance optimization of task intensive real time applications on multicore ECUs - a hybrid scheduler
Authors: Mishra Geetishree , Hegde Rajeshwari
Published: January 2020

In the current approach of Automotive electronic system design, the multicore processors have prevailed to achieve high computing performance at low thermal dissipation. Multicore processors offer functional parallelism that helps in meeting the safety critical requirements of vehicles. The number of ECUs in high-end cars could be reduced by conglomerating more functions into a multicore ECU. AUTOSAR stack has been designed to support the applications developed for multicore ECUs. The real challenges lie in adapting new design methods while developing sophisticated applications with multicore constraints. It is imperative to utilize the most of multicore computational capability towards enhancing the overall performance of ECUs. In this context the scheduling of the real time multitasking software components by the operating system is one of the key issues to be addressed. In this paper, the state of the art scheduling algorithm is reviewed and its merits and limitations are identified. A hybrid scheduler has been proposed, tested and compared with the state of the art algorithm that offers better performance in terms of CPU utilization, average response time and deadline missing rate both in normal and high load conditions.
Design and Implement of High Gain and Low Noise Neural Amplifier Using Compensation Techniques
Authors: Manikandan N. , Muruganand S. , Karuppasamy K.
Published: January 2020

Electroencephalography is refer to record the electrical signal with respect to brain activity and its reliable EEG information, using this to diagnosis disorder and tumors. However the signal is very difficult to capture and processing due to so many parameter. Mainly this signal is very low range that from 0.1 to 100μv in  and its bandwidth range from 1Hz to 100 Hz. So the signal has amplified by using linear and accurate digital program amplifier(PGA).This amplifier has been designed by using First stage amplifier with gain of 120dB with low output noise. The  PGA is consists of OPAMPs the PGA change from 10db to 120dB.Inorde to optimized the linear and gain accuracy a new structure resister array is proposed high gain PGA. Hence the simulated result has shown it is promising to exhibit an amplifier with high performance biomedical application.
Integration testing based on indirect interaction for embedded system
Authors: Iqbal Hossain Muhammad , Jin Lee Woo
Published: January 2020

Embedded systems comprise several modules that exchange data by interacting among themselves. Exchanging wrong resource data among modules may lead to execution errors or anomalies. Interacting resources produce dependencies between two modules where any change of resources by one module affects the functionality of another module. Several investigations of the embedded system such as aerospace or automobile system show interaction faults between modules are one of the major cause of critical software failures. Therefore, interaction testing is an essential phase to reduce the interaction faults and minimize the risk. The direct and indirect interaction between modules generates interaction faults where indirect interaction is made underneath the interface in which data dependence relationship with resources may cause a different outcome. We investigate errors based on the indirect interaction between modules and introduce a new test criterion for finding errors detectable by existing approaches in unit level but not in integration level. In this paper, we propose a noble approach to generate an interaction model using indirect interaction pattern and design test criteria based on different interaction errors to generate test cases. Finally, we use fault injection and data flow coverage techniques to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach
Low power and high performance FFT with different radices
Authors: Hussain Md. Zakir , Parvin Kazi Nikhat
Published: January 2020

FFT is one of the most active blocks in digital signal processing and in various field of communication systems. FFT has received significant attention over the past years to increase its capability and versatility. This paper describes an extensive study on trade-off of different radices with different computational elements of butterfly such as adders and multipliers. Finding an efficient radix along with computational elements is the key point to find best suite i.e. high precision, low power and low area applications like radar, filtering, image compression etc. The work also considers the precision and the data format to represent constant value such as Q-point. The proposed FFT architectures not only uphold better solutions for low power and high-performance application systems, but also open up a new research lines. This paper demonstrates that radix-2^3 consumes 43% less LUTs and 17% less power consumption, 40% increase of frequency in radix-2^2 in comparison with radix- 2 algorithm for the combination of CSA with modified booth multiplier and the increment of frequency about 19%, 26% less LUTs consumption and 26% less power in Radix-2^2 when compared to radix-4 with various combination of adder and multiplier. In this work we have used Xilinx 14.7 XST for synthesis and the target device used is Spartan6 XC6SLX100. Simulation is carried out in Xilinx ISIM and also performed timing analysis and generated post-place and route.
Designing ALU using GDI method
Authors: Fadaei Mohammadreza
Published: January 2020

As CMOS technology is continuously becoming smaller and smaller in nanoscale regimes, and circuit resistance to changes in the process for the design of the circuit is a major obstacle. Storage elements such as memory and flip-flops are particularly vulnerable to the change process. Power consumption is also another challenge in today's Digital IC Design. In modern processors, there are a large number of transistors, more than a billion transistors, which increases the temperature and the breakdown of its performance. Therefore, circuit design with low power consumption is a critical need for integrated circuits today. In this study, we deal with GDI techniques for designing logic and arithmetic circuits. We show that this logic in addition to low power consumption has little complexity so that arithmetic and logic circuits can be implemented with fewer transistors. Various circuits such as adders, differentiation and multiplexers, etc. have been designed and implemented using these techniques, and published in various articles. In this study, we review and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these circuits.
A body bias technique for low power full adder using XOR gate and pseudo NMOS transistor
Authors: Pritty Pritty , Kumar Manoj , Zunairah Mariyam
Published: January 2020

Power dissipation is a major issue in digital circuit design. As technology into developed into range, power and delay becomes vital nanometer parameters to ameliorate the performance of the circuit. To minimize the power consumption many low power techniques such as MTCMOS, stacking, body biasing techniques have been reported. In this paper, a new pseudo NMOS adder circuits have presented. It has designed using transmission gate and body bias technique. Simulation has been accomplished by using SPICE tool. The simulation result show the validity of the proposed techniques is reduces power dissipation from 0.367 mW to 0.267 mW and PDP reduced from 19.311pJ to 13.311pJ. Overall improvement of 29% in power consumption and 30% in PDP has obtained.
Design and implementation of CNTFET based ternary 1x1 memories
Authors: Selvan S.Tamil , Sundararajan M.
Published: January 2020

In this paper presented Design and implementation of CNTFET based Ternary 1x1 RAM memories high-performance digital circuits. CNTFET Ternary 1x1 SRAM memories is implement using 32nm technology process. The CNTFET decresase the diameter and performance matrics like delay,power and power delay, The CNTFET Ternary 6T SRAM cell consists of two cross coupled Ternary inverters one is READ and another WRITE operations of the Ternary 6T SRAM cell are performed with the Tritline using HSPICE and Tanner tools in this tool is performed high accuracy. The novel based work can be used for Low Power Application and Access time is less of compared to the conventional CMOS Technology. The CNTFET Ternary 6T SRAM array module (1X1) in 32nm technology consumes only 0.412mW power and data access time is about 5.23ns.
Performance evaluation of an efficient five input majority gate design in QCA nanotechnology
Authors: Sandhu Amanpreet , Gupta Sheifali
Published: January 2020

Quantum-dot-cellular-automata (QCA) is the imminent transistor less technology, considered at nano level with high speed of operation and lower power dissipation features. The present paper proposes a novel and an efficient 5-input coplanar majority gate (PMG) with improved structural and energy efficiency. The proposed gate consumes an occupational area of 0.01μm2 with 17 QCA cells which is 50% less in comparison to the best designs reported in literature. The proposed structure is also more energy efficient because it dissipates 21.1% less energy than the best reported designs. The correctness of a proposed majority gate is verified by designing a single bit full adder. The new 1-bit full adder design is structural efficient and robust in terms of gate count and clock delay. It consumes occupational area of 0.05μm2 with 58 QCA cells showing 16.6% improvement in structural efficiency as compared to the best design reported in. It is having a gate count of 4 with the delay of 1 clock cycle. Here, the QCADesigner and QCAPro tools are utilized for the simulation and energy dissipation analysis of proposed majority gate and full adder design.
A scalable FPGA based accelerator for Tiny-YOLO-v2 using OpenCL
Authors: June Wai Yap , Yussof Zulkanain Mohd , Md Salim Sani Irwan
Published: January 2020

Deep Convolution Neural Network (CNN) algorithm have recently gained popularity in many applications such as image classification, video analytic, object recognition and segmentation. Being compute-intensive and memory expensive, CNN computations are common accelerated by GPUs with high power dissipations. Recent studies show implementation of CNN on FPGA and it gain higher advantage in term of energy-efficient and flexibility over Software-configurable-GPUs. The proposed framework is verified by implement Tiny-YOLO-v2 on De1SoC. The design development in this project is HLS approach to ease effort from writing complex RTL codes and provide fast verification through emulation and profiling tools provided in the OpenCL SDK. To best of our knowledge, this is the first implementation of Tiny-YOLO-v2 CNN based object detection algorithm on a small scale De1SoC board using Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL approach.
Filtering and Acquisition of Serial Data Frames Using Xilinx System Generator
Authors: Stacul Adrián Gonzalo
Published: January 2020

The main purpose of this paper is the design, development and implementation of a PCM bit-synchronizer based on a System Generator and Simulink model. The entire system will be applied to a ground station with an ad-hoc telemetric data acquisition system to be applied in UAV monitoring and sounding rockets. Based on this information, the ground station will compute the platform trajectories, velocities and attitudes. 
Two state-of-the-arts current-mode ternary full adders based on CNTFET Technology
Authors: Moradi Mona
Published: January 2020

Adder core respecting to its various applications in VLSI circuits and
systems is considered as the most critical building block in microprocessors,
digital signal processors and arithmetic operations. Novel designs of a low
power and complexity Current Mode 1-bit Full Adder cell based on
CNTFET technology has been presented in this paper. Three major parts
construct their structures; 1) the first part that converts current to voltage; 2)
threshold detectors (TD); and 3) parallel paths to convey the output currents
flow. Adjusting threshold voltages which are significant factor for setting
threshold detectors switching point has been achieved by means of CNTFET
technology. It would bring significant improvements in adjusting threshold
voltages, regarding to its unique characterizations. Simple design, less
transistor counts and static power dissipation and better performance
comparing previous designs could be considered as some advantages of the
novel designs.
Low Power 11T Adder Comparator Design
Authors: Prabhu C.M.R. , Wilson Tan Wee Xin , Bhuvaneswari T.
Published: January 2020

Comparator is a basic arithmetic component in a digital system and adders are the basic block of processor unit, the performance of adder will improve the system performance. The proposed 11T adder comparator is consists of three main components, namely XOR, inverter, and MUX logic. The circuit is designed and implemented based on top-down approach with 11 transistors. The proposed cell can be used at higher temperature with minimal power loss. It also gives faster response for the carry output. The proposed comparator circuit shows 63.80% improvement in power consumption than other circuits.
A compact model of transconductance and drain conductance for DMG-GC-DOT cylindrical gate MOSFET
Authors: Jaafar Hind , Aouaj Abdellah , Iñiguez Benjamin
Published: January 2020

A compact model for dual-material gate graded-channel and dual-oxide
thickness with two dielectric constant different cylindrical gate (DMG-GC-
DOTTDCD) MOSFET was investigated in terms of transconductance, drain
conductance and capacitance. Short channel effects are modeled with simple
expressions, and incorporated into the core of the model (at the drain
current). The design effectiveness of DMG-GC-DOTTDCD was monitored
in comparing with the DMG-GC-DOT transistor, the effect of variations of
technology parameters, was presented in terms of gate polarization and drain
polarization. The results indicate that the DMG-GC-DOTTDCD devices
have characteristics higher than the DMG-GC-DOT MOSFET. To validate
the proposed model, we used the results obtained from the simulation of the
device with the SILVACO-ATLAS-TCAD software.
6 Transistors and 1 Memristor based Memory Cell
Authors: Fatima Sharif Kazi , N. Biswas Satyendra
Published: January 2020

Area efficient and stable memory design is one of the most important tasks in designing system on chip. This research concentrates in designing a new type of hybrid memory model by using only nMOS transistors and memristor.
The proposed memory cell is very stable during successive read operates and
comparatively faster and also occupies less amount of silicon area. The
stability of the data during successive read operation and noise margin are in
the promising range. Extensive simulation results using LTspice and
Cadence software tools demonstrate the validity and competency of the
proposed model.
Unraveling the Relation between EEG Correlates of Attentional Orienting and Sound Localization Performance: A Diffusion Model Approach
Authors: Klatt Laura-Isabelle , Schneider Daniel , Schubert Anna-Lena , Hanenberg Christina , Lewald Jörg , Wascher Edmund , Getzmann Stephan
Published: January 2020

Understanding the contribution of cognitive processes and their underlying neurophysiological signals to behavioral phenomena has been a key objective in recent neuroscience research. Using a diffusion model framework, we investigated to what extent well-established correlates of spatial attention in the electroencephalogram contribute to behavioral performance in an auditory free-field sound localization task. Younger and older participants were instructed to indicate the horizontal position of a predefined target among three simultaneously presented distractors. The central question of interest was whether posterior alpha lateralization and amplitudes of the anterior contralateral N2 subcomponent (N2ac) predict sound localization performance (accuracy, mean RT) and/or diffusion model parameters (drift rate, boundary separation, non-decision time). Two age groups were compared to explore whether, in older adults (who struggle with multispeaker environments), the brain–behavior relationship would differ from younger adults. Regression analyses revealed that N2ac amplitudes predicted drift rate and accuracy, whereas alpha lateralization was not related to behavioral or diffusion modeling parameters. This was true irrespective of age. The results indicate that a more efficient attentional filtering and selection of information within an auditory scene, reflected by increased N2ac amplitudes, was associated with a higher speed of information uptake (drift rate) and better localization performance (accuracy), while the underlying response criteria (threshold separation), mean RTs, and non-decisional processes remained unaffected. The lack of a behavioral correlate of poststimulus alpha power lateralization constrasts with the well-established notion that prestimulus alpha power reflects a functionally relevant attentional mechanism. This highlights the importance of distinguishing anticipatory from poststimulus alpha power modulations.
Restore the name Lilium tenii H.Lév. (Liliaceae), which has priority over the later synonym L. lijiangense L.J.Peng

Authors: GAO YUN-DONG , GAO XIN-FEN
Published: January 2020

The name Lilium tenii H.Léveillé (1909: 263) was assigned by Hector Léveillé to a specimen collected by Father Siméon Ten on 15 August 1907 from Dongchuan (Tong-Tchouan) of Yunnan Province, China. The name L. tenii has long been treated as a synonym for Lilium primulinum var. ochraceum (Franch.) Stearn (1948: 13). The treatment was based on the monograph of Chinese lilies by William Wright Smith (1923). Smith (1923) mentioned Lilium tenii when he revised L. ochraceum Franchet (1892: 319), which was later reduced to a variety under L. primulinum Baker (1892: tab. 7227). However, Smith (1923) did not treat L. tenii as a synonym of L. ochraceum. Instead, Smith (1923) pointed the distinctness of L. tenii by saying: ‘This is a puzzling plant….. I can find nothing quite like the leaves of Tenii……some of the leaves having 9–11 distinct nerves. On the evidence before me I cannot justify the reduction of this species, at any rate meanwhile, to any previously described species. It is a near ally of ochraceum (p134–135)’. As part of his revision of the taxonomy of Léveillé, Smith (1923) regarded L. tenii as ‘possibly valid (p141)’ and did not synonymize it within any other species.
Ukrainian, Polish and Russian trilingualism among Ukrainians of non-Polish origin living in Poland
Authors: Levchuk Pavlo
Published: January 2020

Ukrainian, Polish and Russian trilingualism among Ukrainians of non-Polish origin living in PolandThis article examines the socio-linguistic situation of Ukrainian migrants who live in Poland but who do not have Polish origins. After presenting the issue and describing the group in question, the article then describes the locations where the languages are used, the personae of the interlocutors, and their emotional attitudes towards each of the languages. Trójjęzyczność ukraińsko-rosyjsko-polska Ukraińców niepolskiego pochodzenia mieszkających w PolsceW niniejszym artykule została przedstawiona sytuacja socjolingwistyczna migrantów z Ukrainy, którzy nie mają polskiego pochodzenia. Po zarysie problematyki i opisie przedstawionej grupy zostały przedstawione miejsca posługiwania się językami, osoby interlokutorów oraz stosunek emocjonalny do każdego ze znanych respondentom języków.
Convoys of perceived support from adolescence to midlife
Authors: Fang Shichen , Johnson Matthew D. , Galambos Nancy L. , Krahn Harvey J.
Published: January 2020

Data from 963 Canadians at ages 18 (late adolescence), 25 (young adulthood), and 43 (midlife) were used to explore convoys of perceived social support from parents, other family, friends, partners, coworkers, and children. Latent profile and latent transition analyses revealed two support profiles at each age, distinguished by amount of family support. Those with high family support had a high likelihood (approximately 80%) of remaining in that profile from one life stage to the next, while those with low family support had an equal likelihood (approximately 50%) of remaining there or transitioning into high support. Those with high family support at all three ages had fewer symptoms of depression in midlife than those with low family support at all ages. These findings highlight the prominence of family of origin in social convoys of perceived support and implications of perceived support for midlife mental health.
Dynamics of integrated planetary geared bearings
Authors: Brassitos Elias , Jalili Nader
Published: January 2020

The gear bearing drive is a new robotic transmission that was developed by NASA for compact and lightweight robotic applications. Compared to conventional simple and compounded planetary gear trains, the mechanical assembly of the gear bearing drive does not require a planetary carrier and individual planet needle bearings to maintain the gearset alignment. Instead, the design integrates the gearing and bearing functions together such that a constant pressure angle is maintained throughout the mesh cycle by the use of cylindrical rollers that are mounted parallel to the gear mesh. This paper examines the vibration characteristics of this planetary architecture and extracts its natural frequencies and mode shapes using both analytic and finite element methods. The design is compared against a conventional system with a floating carrier for comparative analysis. A simple and systematic approach to analytically and numerically solve the dynamics of complex, multi degree of freedom gear train systems using MATLAB is presented that can be easily applied to study other complex non-linear dynamic systems.
New applications for independent activities of daily living in measuring disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Salter Amber , Fox Robert J , Tyry Tuula , Cutter Gary , Marrie Ruth Ann
Published: January 2020

Background:

Disability outcome measures in multiple sclerosis (MS) focus heavily on ambulation; however, limitations in performing everyday activities encompass another type of disability.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to examine the ability of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale to discriminate between different levels of disability and to predict disability progression.

Methods:

The North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) registry fall 2006 semi-annual survey asked participants to complete the RAND-12, Performance Scales, Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS), and IADL questionnaires. We modeled the trajectory of disability change, using the PDDS, over 12 years. Analyses used linear and repeated measures regression methods.

Results:

Of respondents ( n = 9931), 9559 (96%) completed the PDDS and IADL scale. Respondents were mostly female (76%), Caucasian (92%), and 52.3 (10.5) years old with moderate disability (median PDDS 4 (early cane)). Mean (SD) IADL total score was 20.5 (3.7). Discriminant ability of the IADL scale was higher than other measures considered at higher levels of disability. Adjusted longitudinal models showed that needing greater assistance on IADLs was independently predictive of trajectories of greater disability change.

Conclusion:

IADL scale had a greater ability to discriminate between higher disability levels than RAND-12 domains. The IADL scale may provide a useful and clinically relevant tool to measure disability in progressive MS populations.