bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les nouvelles routes de la soie du numérique et le défi de l’intelligence artificielle
Authors: Lincot Emmanuel
Published: June 2019

Dans le contexte de l’ambition d’une influence globale et normative, à travers les Routes de la soie, la Chine de Xi Jinping a fait de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) un de ses secteurs prioritaires. Signe des temps, le premier présentateur de télévision virtuel est né à l’automne 2018. Les progrès de la Chine dans les secteurs de l’IA et la capacité pour les autorités de maîtriser les banques de données individuelles sont en passe de quadriller l’ensemble des activités du pays, soit en laissant percer un arrière-plan moralisateur, soit au prétexte de devoir prévenir toute forme de « pollution spirituelle » voire de projet terroriste, comme dans la province turcophone du Xinjiang. Cette surveillance est facilitée par l’absence des géants américains du Net, qui ne sont pas autorisés à exercer leurs activités sur le territoire chinois. Alibaba ( vs Amazon) ou iQiyi ( vs Netflix) sanctuarisent le marché chinois et tiennent à bonne distance les géants californiens de l’Internet. Une loi antitrust promulguée en 2007 par les autorités veille toutefois à ce que la concurrence soit respectée entre les grands groupes chinois. Celle-ci s’avère acharnée.
La régulation, enjeu majeur de l’ordre public économique : l’exemple des démarches de Responsabilité sociale des entreprises des pouvoirs privés économiques
Authors: Thibout Orianne
Published: June 2019

Le droit de la régulation se présente comme un droit flexible, de plus en plus co-construit par les pouvoirs publics et les pouvoirs privés économiques via la compliance . Il s’inscrit dans le maintien de l’ordre public économique, notamment par le biais du droit de la concurrence, mais également au regard d’autres impératifs tels que le développement durable dont procède la Responsabilité sociale des entreprises. Dans la globalisation, le caractère à la fois diversifié et hybride des normes de RSE accueille volontiers le recours à la compliance que l’actualité normative européenne et interne met en lumière.
La réglementation des aides d’État dans l’Union européenne comme mise en œuvre combinée d’un ordre public économique composite
Authors: Mezaguer Mehdi
Published: June 2019

Le droit des aides d’État dans l’Union européenne s’inscrit dans une logique globale, mettant en jeu différents pouvoirs privés et publics, à la recherche d’une définition commune d’un ordre public économique européen. La Commission européenne joue un rôle central dans cette logique, aussi bien en ce qui concerne l’établissement des priorités que la mise en œuvre des règles.
La régulation des marchés financiers entre pouvoirs privés économiques et ordre public économique
Authors: Teller Marina
Published: June 2019

La régulation des marchés financiers fait imploser les schémas classiques du droit. Les pouvoirs privés ont un rôle très particulier, tant au niveau de l’application de la règle, sous forme de compliance, qu’au stade de l’édiction de la norme, par la représentation d’intérêts au sein de nouveaux législateurs dans l’espace bancaire et financier. Si tous concourent à la mise en œuvre d’un ordre public financier, le juge reste le gardien, en dernier ressort, d’un ordre public qui fonde des pouvoirs soustraits à la légitimité des institutions traditionnelles. La question n’est pas que juridique, elle est aussi politique : la régulation des marchés financiers consacre un ordre public de moins en moins public et des normes qui sont de moins en moins de droit.
Conservation, copies et compilations de règlements curiaux au xviie siècle
Authors: Lecarpentier-Bertrand Bénédicte
Published: June 2019

Au xviie siècle, les copies de règlements curiaux semblent s’être multipliés, au point que chaque règlement organisant la vie de la cour se retrouve en plusieurs exemplaires dans les fonds de la Bibliothèque nationale de France et des Archives nationales de France. Cette multiplication des copies est le résultat en partie de la volonté royale d’archiver les textes anciens, afin de disposer de textes de référence. Ce travail a permis à partir des années 1650 de publier de nouvelles versions des règlements curiaux qui se sont largement appuyés sur les actes normatifs antérieurs. Mais elle est aussi le signe du désir des officiers de disposer de documents décrivant les coutumes anciennes, pour maintenir l’organisation des maisons royales en vigueur durant les règnes précédents, ou bien de leurs efforts pour réaffirmer et conserver leurs droits. De ce fait, le caractère novateur du règne de Louis XIV en matière de réglementation de la cour paraît plus mesuré qu’on a pu le croire, une part importante des usages étant anciens et seulement mis par écrit ou recopiés à partir de règlements plus anciens, remontant jusqu’au xive siècle.
Les tentes de guerre de Louis XV : résidences royales éphémères aux armées (1744-1747)
Authors: Bastier Paul
Published: June 2019

Pendant la guerre de la Succession d’Autriche, en 1744, Louis XV se met à la tête de ses armées en Flandres. Imitant à la lettre l’exemple de Louis XIV et s’inspirant du modèle de castramétation ottoman, la cour de Versailles connaît alors une métamorphose martiale et se voit véritablement transposée dans chacun des quartiers du roi. Un environnement luxueux et marqué par le cérémonial et l’étiquette est maintenu en campagne par l’installation d’un immense ensemble de tentes dorées et richement décorées, comme la tente salle des gardes, la tente antichambre, la tente salle à manger, ou encore la tente salle des ambassadeurs, la tente chapelle et les nombreuses tentes de la suite domestique du roi de France. Les plus spectaculaires des tentes du roi sont la tente turque, objet prestigieux offert à Louis XV par la Sublime Porte, et les majestueuses maisons de bois, entourées d’une enceinte de toile, qui incarnent les appartements privés du souverain : chambre du roi, garde-robe, chambre du Conseil. Les courtisans, ministres et ambassadeurs disposent leurs tentes auprès de celles du monarque, sous la supervision de l’intendant d’armée, du grand maréchal des logis de la Maison du roi, de la Prévôté de l’Hôtel et de celle de l’armée, formant un riche et vaste camp, véritable résidence royale éphémère.
Rate Constant Approximation with Cubic Splines for Kinetic Analysis of Temperature-Programmed Reduction Data
Authors: Portnyagin Arseniy , Golikov Alexey , Papynov Evgenii K. , Avramenko Valentin
Published: June 2019

Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) is a widely used method for characterization of oxide-based catalysts, sorbents, and functional materials, but its results lack quantitative assessment. Here, we present a novel approach to kinetic analysis of the TPR that can be applied to a large variety of systems involving multiple limiting stages. Implementation of cubic splines to approximate rate constant vs. conversion dependencies obtained from several TPR curves recorded at different heating rates yields in a set of kinetic parameters (activation energy and preexponential factors) for all reduction stages. Relationship between preexponential factor of the first reduction stage and the specific surface area of the sample has been shown. Reduction of hematite has been studied to prove the performance of the developed kinetic analysis technique.
The Nowhere Stone: Unusually Located Intrahepatic Calculi in a Patient with Low Phospholipid-associated Cholelithiasis Syndrome
Authors: Suresh Indrajit , Lokesh E. , Suhas C. , Nanaiah Amrit
Published: June 2019

Intrahepatic calculi or hepatolithiasis is an uncommon phenomenon which is found in relatively higher rates in eastern Asian countries. Patients usually present with features of cholangitis or intrahepatic abscess and are at risk for developing cholangiocarcinoma. Correct diagnosis and management often pose challenges. A 42-year-old female presented with a history of episodic upper abdominal pain since 8 years. Initial imaging studies showed evidence of biliary calculi, but were confounding in their localization. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed two large calculi in the right biliary system proximal to the confluence, along with choledocholithiasis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and common bile duct clearance were done; however, the patient underwent hepatic sectionectomy as a curative procedure. ABCB4 mutation was detected on DNA analysis and hence aided in making the diagnosis of low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis. Additional imaging studies are warranted in doubtful cases. Difficult accessibility of the calculi may often limit endoscopic therapeutic options and pave the way for surgical interventions. As there is an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma in these patients, regular follow-up is essential.
Inside the Learning Assemblage: Japanese Parents’ Views of Children’s Learning and Future Possibilities
Authors: Guo Karen , Kuramochi Kiyomi
Published: June 2019

In Japan, as in many other countries, young children’s learning is subject to two major experiences: experience at home and experience in preschool. These experiences constitute the basis on which to formulate understandings about children’s future possibilities. The aim of this study is twofold: to navigate Japanese preschool children’s learning experiences and future possibilities in their families and preschools, as perceived by Japanese parents; and to discuss how learning is imbued in various distinct and interrelated elements of the home and preschool contexts. The study analyses children’s learning through questionnaires of preschool parents in Tokyo and the observations of parent-child and parent-teacher interactions in the preschools. Following from Deleuze and Guattari’s assemblage theory, children’s learning is positioned within a dynamic assemblage of stable, fluid and transformative forces that leads to particular experiences and becomings. Placing parents’ views at the centre of analysis of their children’s learning, the study shows how they conceptualized children’s experiences and their becomings as-and-in children’s learning assemblages.
On EFL Learners' Awareness of their Writing Abilities and Preferences
Authors: Al-Kadi Sundus Ziad , Madini Abeer Ahmed
Published: June 2019

This study explores EFL learners' self-awareness of their writing abilities and preferences in writing genres in foundation year writing course. It was conducted at the University of Business and Technology (UBT), in Saudi Arabia. A sample of 73 female intermediate level learners participated in the study, the aim of which was to highlight learners' self-awareness of their writing abilities and preferences in writing. The study used a survey as a data instrument. The writing preferences survey acted as a vote for the preferred writing genre, and a visual representation of the learners' self-awareness of their writing strength and weakness points. The results showed that the majority of the learners preferred the narrative and opinion genres of writing. The results also showed the significance of highlighting the learners' self-awareness in their writing abilities to make them become self-regulated learners.
Abnormal Loan Growth and Bank Profitability: Some Evidence from the Recent Crisis
Authors: Rossi Simone , Borroni Mariarosa , Piva Mariacristina , Lippi Andrea
Published: June 2019

During healthy economic/financial times, credit growth often happens without proper provisioning. This is due to a managerial myopia that underestimates the risks underlying an expansive lending policy, leading to lower profitability in following years. However, given the countercyclicality of credit standards, this effect shouldn’t occur during harsh times. In this paper, we analyse the relationship between abnormal credit growth and bank profitability during a crisis period. In particular, we test the hypothesis that during a crisis, abnormal credit growth improves bank profitability, given the need for higher, or at least stable, credit standards. We find support for this assumption using a sample of 101 large European banks observed during the recent crisis period. Results are robust to different robustness checks.
Discussion on the Impact of Sino-US Trade War on Taiwanese Manufacturing
Authors: Chen Jui-Lung
Published: June 2019

When US President Donald Trump signed the Section 301 Investigation in March 2018, the Sino-US trade war intensified, exerting a great impact on the global economy. The Trump Administration recently has piled up the economic and trade pressure on China, while China seeks to resort to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and break the siege imposed by the trade war through the "Belt and Road Initiative". US launched a trade war against China due mainly to the huge trade deficit with China, and the trade frictions between the U.S. and China have caused turbulence on the Asian and global industrial chains. Therefore, by analyzing the recent trade conflicts between the U.S. and China and the responses given by both respectively, this paper explores the possible impact on Taiwan's manufacturing and its potential response.
Ernstig verwijtbaar gedrag van bestuurders als reden voor ontslag en aansprakelijkheid
Authors: Schrama Huib , Wiersma Klaas
Published: June 2019

Ernstig verwijtbaar gedrag van bestuurders als reden voor ontslag en aansprakelijkheid

De wetgever heeft bij de e-grond en bij de toets van ernstige verwijtbaarheid van artikel 7:673 lid 7 sub c BW (waardoor de aanspraak op een transitievergoeding vervalt) geen concreet onderscheid gemaakt tussen een bestuurder en een ‘gewone’ werknemer. Die toets vergt een aparte beoordeling van het handelen van de bestuurder en lijkt los te staan van de toets of sprake is van ernstig verwijt dat is vereist voor interne bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid ex artikel 2:9 BW. Niettemin zijn rechters geneigd een link te leggen tussen beide maatstaven, waarbij zij veelal de norm voor (on)behoorlijk bestuur vooropstellen. Dit kan een aandachtspunt zijn bij het ontslag van een bestuurder.
Kritische Theorie der Politik – Max Horkheimer und Otto Kirchheimer in der Kontroverse
Authors: Buchstein Hubertus
Published: June 2019

Von 1937 bis 1943 war Otto Kirchheimer Mitarbeiter am exilierten Institut für Sozialforschung in New York. Doch zu keinem Zeitpunkt seiner Mitarbeit am Institut kam es zu einer echten interdisziplinären Kollaboration. Kirchheimers Arbeiten bilden eine Art Kontrastprogramm zu Max Horkheimers Interpretation moderner Massendemokratien als Regime der politischen Integration. Der nähere Blick auf die institutsinterne Debatte Kirchheimers mit Horkheimer lässt erkennen, wie sehr er stattdessen die Konflikte zwischen sozialen Gruppen und die unterschiedlichen institutionellen Möglichkeiten, diese Konflikte politisch zu regulieren, herausgestellt hat. Dies machte seine Arbeiten für spätere Autoren wie Jürgen Habermas und Claus Offe besonders anschlussfähig und bildet heute einen wichtigen Ausgangspunkt für einen Kritischen Institutionalismus.
Promoção de parentalidade positiva nos cuidados de saúde primários: Formação de profissionais
Authors: Seabra-Santos Maria João , Azevedo Andreia Fernandes , Homem Tatiana Carvalho , Sousa Daniela Sofia , Baptista Elsa , Pimentel Mariana , Major Sofia de Oliveira , Gaspar Maria Filomena
Published: June 2019

Objetivo

Compreender o impacto de uma formação breve centrada em estratégias de parentalidade positiva e gestão do comportamento de crianças em idade pré-escolar no aconselhamento realizado por profissionais dos cuidados de saúde primários (CSP).

Método

Participaram 152 profissionais (e.g., enfermeiros, médicos, psicólogos) de unidades dos CSP do distrito de Coimbra, numa ação de formação com duração de nove horas. O nível de satisfação com a formação, as estratégias recomendadas aos pais antes e três meses após a formação e a necessidade de formação percecionada foram avaliados através de três Inventários de Autorreflexão e de um Ficha de Avaliação de Satisfação.

Resultados

Observaram-se níveis elevados de adesão à formação e de satisfação com os respetivos conteúdos e estratégias de ensino/aprendizagem. Os profissionais reportaram ter passado a aconselhar com mais frequência aos pais as estratégias de parentalidade positiva abordadas na formação e referiram a necessidade de formação adicional.

Conclusão

Ações de formação junto de profissionais dos CSP poderão contribuir para preencher uma importante lacuna ao nível da literacia em saúde mental, capacitando estes profissionais de primeira linha para darem uma resposta de maior qualidade e baseada em evidência a questões colocadas pelos pais relativas à gestão do comportamento dos seus filhos.
Práticas alternativas na busca pelo uso sustentável da biodiversidade brasileira
Authors: Souza Pércia Graczyk , Queiroz Tadeu Miranda de , Silva Dionei José
Published: June 2019

O objetivo do artigo foi conceituar termos utilizados na literatura acerca das teorias propostas em práticas conservacionistas e preservacionistas da biodiversidade, e elencar alternativas substitutas às atividades extrativistas intensivas que geram externalidades negativas a população, como as práticas de coleta do Xaxim, Piaçava e Sisal. As estratégias conceituadas buscam um encontro com as necessidades da população frente aos aspectos ambientais, sociais e econômicos, no entanto, ainda se mostram distantes da correlação harmoniosa. O objetivo do artigo foi conceituar termos utilizados na literatura acerca das teorias propostas em práticas conservacionistas e preservacionistas da biodiversidade, e elencar alternativas substitutas às atividades extrativistas intensivas que geram externalidades negativas a população, como as práticas de coleta do Xaxim, Piaçava e Sisal. As estratégias conceituadas buscam um encontro com as necessidades da população frente aos aspectos ambientais, sociais e econômicos, no entanto, ainda se mostram distantes da correlação harmoniosa. O objetivo do artigo foi conceituar termos utilizados na literatura acerca das teorias propostas em práticas conservacionistas e preservacionistas da biodiversidade, e elencar alternativas substitutas às atividades extrativistas intensivas que geram externalidades negativas a população, como as práticas de coleta do Xaxim, Piaçava e Sisal. As estratégias conceituadas buscam um encontro com as necessidades da população frente aos aspectos ambientais, sociais e econômicos, no entanto, ainda se mostram distantes da correlação harmoniosa.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management and Bio-regulators on Yield and Economics Attributes of Sprouting Broccoli {Brassica oleracea (L.) var. italica}
Authors: Ola Arjun Lal , Bairwa L. N. , Garhwal O. P. , Regar O. P.
Published: June 2019

The field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Jaipur) during Rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment consisted of thirty five treatment combinations including seven INM (100 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer, 75 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer + 25 per cent through FYM (5 t/ha), 50 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer + 50 per cent through FYM, 100 per cent RDF through FYM, 75 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer + 25 per cent through VC, 50 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer + 50 per cent through VC and 100 per cent RDF through vermicompost and five bio-regulator levels [Control, Brassinoids @ 5 ppm, Brassinoids @ 10 ppm, Salicylic acid @ 100 ppm and Salicylic acid @ 150 ppm] were under taken in Split plot design with three replications. The results showed that the maximum weight of primary curd (222.51 g),  number of secondary curds per plant (6.58), weight of secondary curd (154.05 g), yield per plant (384.56 g), yield per plot (7.69 kg), yield per ha (189.90 q), biological yield per ha (1081.85 q) and net returns ( 304019/ha) were recorded with the application of 50 per cent RDF through inorganic fertilizer and 3.5 t/ha vermicompost (F5) in sprouting broccoli. Whereas, the maximum B:C ratio (4.39:1) was recorded under 75 per cent RDF supplied through inorganic fertilizer and 1.75 t/ha vermicompost. Harvesting index was found non significant. In the case of bio-regulators maximum weight of primary curd (213.17 g), number of secondary curds per plant (6.20), weight of secondary curd (147 g), yield per plant (362.57 g),  yield per plot (7.42 kg), yield per ha (183.19 q), biological yield per ha (1002.18 q), net returns ( 287563 / ha) and B:C ratio (3.99:1) were recorded significant by superior over control with foliar application of 5 ppm brassinoids. While harvesting index was found non significant to broccoli.
Effect of Nitrogen Doses and Preculture of Plant Species on Watermelon Culture
Authors: Da Silva Carmo Ignácio Lund Gabriel , De Medeiros Roberto Dantas , Da Silva Edmilson Evangelista , Chagas Edvan Alves , De Albuquerque José de Anchieta Alves , Melo Gonçalves Anderson Carlos de , Soares da Silva Edgley , Tadashi Sakazaki Roberto , Luiza Grigio Maria , De Oliveira Eduardo Medeiros
Published: June 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the best crop succession strategy and nitrogen dose for irrigated watermelon cultivation in the cerrado of Roraima.

Experimental Design: The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, arranged in a split-plot scheme, with four replications.

Place and Duration of Study: Two experiments were conducted (2014/2015 and 2015/2016 growing seasons), with the ‘Crimsom Sweet’ watermelon cultivar, grown under different N doses in succession to cover crop species, at the experimental field “Água Boa”, belonging to Embrapa Roraima, located in the municipality of Boa Vista, state of Roraima, Brazil.

Methodology: The three plots consisted of cultivating watermelon in succession to: maize intercropped with pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), Brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis) and control with natural vegetation. The subplots consisted of four doses of nitrogen (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1 of N) applied in the watermelon culture. The following variables were evaluated: average fruit weight, number of fruits per hectare, number of fruits per hectare with a mass between 5 and 10 kg, number of fruits per hectare with mass greater than 10 kg, productivity, soluble solids content, pH and titratable acidity.

Results: The pigeon pea provided an increase in the number of fruits per hectare with mass ≥ 10 kg and in productivity. Nitrogen doses between 118 and 124 kg ha-1 produced the highest number of fruits, number of fruits with mass ≥ 10 kg and higher soluble solids content.

Conclusion: Fruit quality was influenced by the year of cultivation, predecessor cover crop species and the N doses. Pigeon pea and U. ruziziensis favor the availability of nitrogen in the soil for the following crop in succession.
Camel milk Whey Inhibits Inflammatory Colorectal Cancer Development Via Down regulation of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Induced AOM/DSS Mouse Model
Authors: Al-Omari Mariam M. , Abed Alkarem Abu Alhaija Razan B. Al-Ghariebeh, , Zoubi Heba Al- , Al-Qaoud Khaled M.
Published: June 2019

Camel milk (CM) has got an increasing interest by traditional healers and medical practitioners in areas where camels are raised for their therapeutic potential. To investigate the potential activity of CM against cancer on scientific bases, azoxymethane (AOM)/Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) colitis Balb/c mouse model of CRC was used and CM whey was given orally during disease development. Colitis associated symptoms and tumor development were followed during the experiment and at the day of termination. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression were quantified using qPCR. The results showed a significant effect for CM whey on the reduction of early stage development of CRC and colon inflammation symptoms, as revealed by enhanced weight gain, reduced bloody stool and diarrhea. A concurrent reduction in gene expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was evident in colon tissue of CM whey treated mice. Moreover, both IFN-γ and IL-8 gene expression was also significantly reduced in treated mice. On the contrary, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 was elevated in colon tissues of CM treated mice. In addition, iNOS, a marker for inflamed mucosa was down-regulated in treated mice. A control bovine milk whey treated group showed similar effect on IL-8, IL-6 and iNOS gene expression, whereas an elevation in IFN-γ was noticed in this group. Our results indicate the potential activity of CM whey in reducing the development of CRC in mice mainly by reducing colitis induction by chemical stimuli. Whether the active substance responsible for this activity is single or combined deserves further investigation.
Patients report Vivitrol decreasing in effectiveness by week 3
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2019

Patient reports are suggesting that the indication for Vivitrol — one injection of depot naltrexone every four weeks — may be inadequate. They think they feel craving earlier — as early as the second week after the injection. Alkermes, which makes Vivitrol, is not allowed to talk about anything beyond what is on the label, but we tried to find out how patients would experience such craving — or any effects at all — related to a medication that has no effects at all beyond blocking the effects of opioids. If they try to challenge the blockade by taking opioids, and they are able to experience euphoria, that's one thing. It's completely different if they just sense craving.
N‐Methoxybenzamide: A Versatile Directing Group for Palladium‐, Rhodium‐ and Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activations
Authors: Subhedar Dnyaneshwar D. , Mishra Ashish A. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: June 2019

The C−H bond activation reactions catalyzed by a transition metal have always been a topic of intense research. Although the incorporation or removal of a directing group plays an essential role in C−H activation reactions, it also imposes several limitations during the reaction. To minimize such limitations, strategies like the use of weakly coordinating directing groups and the transient directing groups have been employed. The present review gives a survey of recent progress on the widely applicable N‐methoxyamide scaffold as a directing group for numerous metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions. The efficiency of this directing group towards a wide range of substrates and chemical transformations carried out under mild reaction conditions has also been discussed herein.

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Palladium‐Catalysed Decarboxylative Generation and Regiodivergent Prenylation of 2‐Azaallyl Anions
Authors: Wang Xiaoqian , Zeng Xi , Lin Qiao , Li Minyan , Walsh Patrick J. , Chruma Jason J.
Published: June 2019

Reaction conditions for the palladium‐catalysed decarboxylative generation and regiodivergent prenylation of 2‐azaallyl anions to form either the branched or linear prenylated benzylic imines from prenyl 2,2‐diphenyl‐glycinate imines are reported. For certain substrates, formation of side products arising from a competitive elimination/protonation pathway could be reduced by the addition of various basic additives. The optimal basic additive and reaction concentration were found to be highly substrate dependent. Geranyl esters also proved to be viable substrates for the corresponding regiodivergent decarboxylative geranylation reactions. Preliminary efforts toward an enantioselective variant are also presented.

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3‐Aminoindole Synthesis from 2‐Nitrochalcones and Ammonia or Primary Amines
Authors: Zhang Guan , Lin Lu , Yang Kai , Wang Shihui , Feng Qiang , Zhu Jun , Song Qiuling
Published: June 2019

A step‐economic strategy for 3‐aminoindoles synthesis with ammonia or primary amines as “N” source under transition‐metal‐free conditions was achieved. A series of 3‐aminoindoles was obtained with abundant “N” source featuring high efficiency, mild conditions, environmental friendliness and scalability. Efficient syntheses of the intermediates of COX‐2 inhibitor and tubulin polymerization inhibitor were successfully accomplished with this newly developed strategy.

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Rational design of heme enzymes for biodegradation of pollutants toward a green future
Authors: Lin Ying‐Wu
Published: June 2019

Environmental pollutants, such as industrial dyes and halophenols, are harmful to human health, which urgently demand degradation. Bioremediation has been shown to be a cost‐effective and ecofriendly approach. As reviewed herein, significant progress has been made in the last decade for biodegradation of both industrial dyes and halophenols, by engineering of native dye‐decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) and dehaloperoxidases (DHPs), and by design of artificial heme enzymes in both native and de novo protein scaffolds. The catalytic efficiency of artificial DyPs and DHPs can be rationally designed comparable to or even beyond those of natural counterparts. The enzymes are on their way from laboratory to industry and will play more crucial roles in environmental protection toward a green future.
The value of SBIRT to assess substance use
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2019

Most studies on the use of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT), a primary care model for screening and prevention of substance use, in adolescents have looked only at outcomes related to substance use. But SBIRT can also affect use of medical services, as well as comorbidities. Researchers found that SBIRT does reduce psychiatry visits, mental health diagnoses, and chronic conditions at 1 and 3 years following the intervention. Ultimately, providing SBIRT in primary care may reduce utilization in other areas of health care later on, researchers write in the May issue of Pediatrics.
Isl‐1 positive pharyngeal mesenchyme subpopulation and its role in the separation and remodeling of the aortic sac in embryonic mouse heart
Authors: Wang Jing‐Jing , Liu Hui‐Xia , Song Li , Li Hai‐Rong , Yang Yan‐Ping , Zhang Tao , Jing Ya
Published: June 2019

Background

Second heart field cells and neural crest cells have been reported to participate in the morphogenesis of the pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs); however, how the PAAs grow out and are separated from the aortic sac into left and right sections is unknown.

Results

An Isl‐1 positive pharyngeal mesenchyme protrusion in the aortic sac ventrally extends and fuses with the aortic sac wall to form a midsagittal septum that divides the aortic sac. The aortic sac division separates the left and right PAAs to form independent arteries. The midsagittal septum dividing the aortic sac has a different expression pattern from the aortic‐pulmonary (AP) septum in which Isl‐1 positive cells are absent. At 11 days post‐conception (dpc) in a mouse embryo, the Isl‐1 positive mesenchyme protrusion appears as a heart‐shaped structure, in which subpopulations with Isl‐1+ Tbx3+ and Isl‐1+ Nkx2.5+ cells are included.

Conclusions

The aortic sac is a dynamic structure that is continuously divided during the migration from the pharyngeal mesenchyme to the pericardial cavity. The separation of the aortic sac is not complete until the AP septum divides the aortic sac into the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. Moreover, the midsagittal septum and the AP septum are distinct structures.
Prevalence of disability among the major cities in Australia 2012 with geographical representation of distribution in Western Australia
Authors: Liu Nicholas , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc
Published: June 2019

Issue addressed

The aim of this study was to use a novel approach to geographically model the relationship between socio‐economic disadvantage and prevalence of profound and severe disability.

Method

This study used national census data and the survey of disability, ageing and carers data to geographically model the relationship between socio‐economic disadvantage and prevalence of profound and severe disability.

Result

The results in this study show that there were more people living in the least disadvantaged areas (wealthiest) when compared to the most disadvantaged (poorest) areas. Whereas for people with a disability as the relative socio‐economic disadvantage of the area increased, the number of people reporting any disability also increased, with the highest number coming from the most disadvantaged areas. The maps show a significant distribution with fewer cases of disability in metropolitan areas and relatively higher number in the rural area along with the higher proportion of people with disability living in the relatively more disadvantaged areas.

Conclusion

Socio‐economic profile is one of the key factors influencing the various aspects of health and hence should hold an important place during policy making. Policy should be formulated and implemented to help reduce the inequality by either directly aiming at the most disadvantaged group or by trying to bridge the gap between them.

So What?

This paper provides a geographic visualisation of the distribution of people with profound and severe disability to help identify priority areas with high prevalence of disability.
The spectrum of mutations predisposing to familial breast cancer in Poland
Authors: Cybulski Cezary , Kluźniak Wojciech , Huzarski Tomasz , Wokołorczyk Dominika , Kashyap Aniruddh , Rusak Bogna , Stempa Klaudia , Gronwald Jacek , Szymiczek Agata , Bagherzadeh Maryam , Jakubowska Anna , Dębniak Tadeusz , Lener Marcin , Rudnicka Helena , Szwiec Marek , Jarkiewicz‐Tretyn Joanna , Stawicka Małgorzata , Domagała Paweł , Narod Steven A. , Lubiński Jan , Akbari Mohammad R. ,   the Polish Hereditary Breast Cancer Consortium
Published: June 2019

To optimize genetic testing, it is necessary to establish the spectrum of breast cancer‐predisposing mutations in particular ethnic groups. We studied 1,018 women with a strong family history for breast cancer (families with hereditary breast cancer; HBC) from genetically homogenous population of Poland, which is populated by ethnic Slavs, for mutations in 14 cancer susceptibility genes. Additionally, we compared the frequency of candidate pathogenic variants in breast cancer cases and controls. Germline mutations were detected in 512 of 1,018 probands with breast cancer (50.3%), including BRCA1/2 mutations detected in 420 families and non‐BRCA mutations seen in 92 families. Thirteen BRCA1/2 founder mutations represented 84% of all BRCA1/2‐positive cases. Seven founder mutations of CHEK2, PALB2, NBN and RECQL represented 73% of all non‐BRCA‐positive cases. Odds ratios for hereditary breast cancer were 87.6 for BRCA1, 15.4 for PALB2, 7.2 for CHEK2, 2.8 for NBN and 15.8 for RECQL. Odds ratios for XRCC2, BLM and BARD1 were below 1.3. In summary, we found that 20 founder mutations in six genes (BRCA1/2, CHEK2, PALB2, NBN and RECQL) are responsible for 82% of Polish hereditary breast cancer families. A simple test for these 20 mutations will facilitate genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility in Poland. It may also facilitate genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility in other Slavic populations and women of Slavic descent worldwide.
Exercise induces region‐specific remodeling of astrocyte morphology and reactive astrocyte gene expression patterns in male mice
Authors: Lundquist Adam J. , Parizher Jacqueline , Petzinger Giselle M. , Jakowec Michael W.
Published: June 2019

Astrocytes are essential mediators of many aspects of synaptic transmission and neuroplasticity. Exercise has been demonstrated to induce neuroplasticity and synaptic remodeling, such as through mediating neurorehabilitation in animal models of neurodegeneration. However, the effects of exercise on astrocytic function, and how such changes may be relevant to neuroplasticity remain unclear. Here, we show that exercise remodels astrocytes in an exercise‐ and region‐dependent manner as measured by GFAP and SOX9 immunohistochemistry and morphological analysis in male mice. Additionally, qRT‐PCR analysis of reactive astrocyte gene expression showed an exercise‐induced elevation in brain regions known to be activated by exercise. Taken together, these data demonstrate that exercise actively modifies astrocyte morphology and drives changes in astrocyte gene expression and suggest that astrocytes may be a central component to exercise‐induced neuroplasticity and neurorehabilitation.
Using Direct Skills Teaching to Improve Job Skills for Persons With Disabilities
Authors: Oursler Janice , Lu Weili , Herrick Samantha , Harris Kevin
Published: June 2019

This study evaluated whether a direct skills training (DST) approach for persons with disabilities can better prepare participants for job interviews. Twenty graduate students in a master's program in rehabilitation counseling at various agency internship sites were trained in a 4‐session Presenting Qualifications curriculum based on DST administered to 126 participants in 20 group settings. Participants reported greater confidence and preparedness in the interview process, in answering difficult questions, and in highlighting past accomplishments after the group. Results support the feasibility of training entry‐level rehabilitation counselors in the DST approach to teach job interview skills to individuals with disabilities.
Adding Social Media to Your Union‐Avoidance Arsenal
Authors: DeMaria Alfred T.
Published: June 2019

These days both union and nonunion employees may use social media to discuss and challenge employer actions. Unions are using the most popular social media platforms to communicate with members and potential members. If unions and employees are using social media, shouldn't employers be using it to defend against union organizing? Possibly … there are pros and cons you must consider before taking your employee relations program to social media.
Daily Supplementation with Fresh Angelica keiskei Juice Alleviates High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obesity in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota Composition
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Wu Weicheng , Li Xiaoqiong , Xin Xiaoting , Liu Daqun
Published: June 2019

Scope

Angelica keiskei is associated with several health benefits, but little is known about the effect of A. keiskei juice (AKJ), which is rich in polyphenols, coumarins, and other healthful agents, on high‐fat diet‐induced obesity or its relationship with intestinal microbiota composition changes.

Methods and results

C57BL/6 mice are fed either a normal diet (ND group; n = 8), a high‐fat diet (HFD group; n = 8), or a high‐fat diet supplemented with AKJ (AKJ group; n = 8) for 10 weeks. The results show that AKJ prevents weight gain, lowered fat accumulation, blood glucose, serum lipid levels, hepatic steatosis, and modulates the level of expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in mice with obesity. AKJ is found to normalize HFD‐induced gut dysbiosis. Particularly, AKJ ameliorates HFD‐dependent changes in the relative abundance of several taxa back to normal status (e.g., AKJ increased Bacteroides and decreased Mollicutes_RF9, Ruminococcaceae_UCG‐014, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus). Spearman's correlation analysis reveals that those genera are closely correlated with body weight, fasting serum glucose, and serum lipid levels.

Conclusion

The results show that consumption of phytochemical‐rich AKJ may prevent HFD‐induced obesity and metabolic disorders via changes in metabolic genes and gut microbiota composition.
Do We Have Clinical Equipoise (or Uncertainty) About How Much Protein to Provide to Critically Ill Patients?
Authors: Patel Jayshil J. , Rice Todd , Compher Charlene , Heyland Daren K.
Published: June 2019

The current recommendation for protein dose in critically ill patients is 1.2–2.0 g/kg/d. Despite this recommendation, there is significant variation in the amount of protein prescribed and delivered worldwide. We contend clinical equipoise, or a state of genuine uncertainty about 2 (dosing) strategies, exists because guideline‐based recommendations for protein dose in critically ill patients are rooted in a weak evidentiary base, leaving the clinician with no good basis for choosing a lower or higher protein dose. We outline evidence for and against high protein dose and introduce a pragmatic, registry‐based, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, known as EFFORT, which aims to resolve the high vs low protein dose controversy.
Examining Mid‐Upper Arm Circumference Malnutritionz‐Score Thresholds
Authors: Stephens Karen , Orlick Meike , Beattie Shannon , Snell Audrey , Munsterman Kim , Oladitan Leah , Abdel‐Rahman Susan
Published: June 2019

Background

Anthropometricz‐scores used commonly for diagnosis and determining degree of malnutrition, specifically body mass index (BMIz), weight‐for‐length (WLz), and mid‐upper arm circumference (MUACz), are not wholly concordant, yet the proposed thresholds for classification are identical. This study was designed to critically examine MUACz thresholds and their ability to correctly classify nutrition status.

Methods

This was a 2‐year, prospective single‐center study of children ≤18 years seen by registered dietitians within a large pediatric institution. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive performance of the malnutrition classification thresholds were estimated against clinician‐based classification.

Results

Sixty‐one dietitians enrolled 10,401 patients with distributions ofz‐scores for weight (−0.5 ± 1.9), length (−0.8 ± 1.6), BMI or WL (−0.1 ± 1.8), and MUAC (−0.4 ± 1.5), suggesting participants were smaller and shorter than the reference U.S. population. Distributions of MUACz were broad and overlapped between nutrition classification groups, an observation that extended to BMIz and WLz as well. Consequently, existing thresholds do not accurately classify 100% of children. Misclassification rates increase, with increasing severity ranging from 8% in children with no malnutrition to 71% in children with severe malnutrition. Algorithm‐ and manually‐based refinement of thresholds result in mixed improvements and can be explored by the reader with the associated supplement.

Conclusion

The sensitivity of proposed MUACz thresholds systematically decreases with increasing severity of malnutrition and will require optimization if we aim to limit the number of children at risk of misclassification. Indicators for overnutrition remain to be addressed but are explored herein.
Using the Results from Rigorous Multisite Evaluations to Inform Local Policy Decisions
Authors: Orr Larry L. , Olsen Robert B. , Bell Stephen H. , Schmid Ian , Shivji Azim , Stuart Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2019

Evidence‐based policy at the local level requires predicting the impact of an intervention to inform whether it should be adopted. Increasingly, local policymakers have access to published research evaluating the effectiveness of policy interventions from national research clearinghouses that review and disseminate evidence from program evaluations. Through these evaluations, local policymakers have a wealth of evidence describing what works, but not necessarily where. Multisite evaluations may produce unbiased estimates of the average impact of an intervention in the study sample and still produce inaccurate predictions of the impact for localities outside the sample for two reasons: (1) the impact of the intervention may vary across localities, and (2) the evaluation estimate is subject to sampling error. Unfortunately, there is relatively little evidence on how much the impacts of policy interventions vary from one locality to another and almost no evidence on the implications of this variation for the accuracy with which the local impact of adopting an intervention can be predicted using findings from an evaluation in other localities. In this paper, we present a set of methods for quantifying the accuracy of the local predictions that can be obtained using the results of multisite randomized trials and for assessing the likelihood that prediction errors will lead to errors in local policy decisions. We demonstrate these methods using three evaluations of educational interventions, providing the first empirical evidence of the ability to use multisite evaluations to predict impacts in individual localities—i.e., the ability of “evidence‐based policy” to improve local policy.
Fostering human health through ocean sustainability in the 21st century
Authors: Fleming Lora E. , Maycock Bruce , White Mathew P. , Depledge Michael H.
Published: June 2019

The approach of the Decade of the Ocean for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) provides a time to reflect on what we know about the complex interactions between the seas, oceans, and human health and well‐being. In the past, these interactions have been seen primarily within a risk framework, for example, adverse impacts of extreme weather, chemical pollution and increasingly, climate change.

However, new research is expanding our concept of the ‘health’ of the ‘Global Ocean’, with a broader recognition of its essential and beneficial contribution to the current and future health and well‐being of humans. The seas and coasts not only provide an essential source of food, opportunities for trade and access to sustainable energy, but also the chance for people to interact with high‐quality marine environments which can lead to improvements in mental and physical health and well‐being, particularly of socio‐economically deprived individuals.

By going beyond this risk framework and a purely extractive anthropocentric point of view, we can capture the true benefits, value and importance of these resources. Articulating a vision of how humans might better interact with marine ecosystems in the future, is a key first step in identifying a range of policy and management actions that can deliver our goals of fostering health and well‐being through the establishment of more sustainable interconnections with the Global Ocean.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Modeling the electronic structures of the ground and excited states of the ytterbium atom and the ytterbium dimer: A modern quantum chemistry perspective
Authors: Tecmer Paweł , Boguslawski Katharina , Borkowski Mateusz , Żuchowski Piotr S. , Kędziera Dariusz
Published: June 2019

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of the electronic structures of the Yb atom and the Yb2 molecule, respectively, focusing on their ground and lowest‐lying electronically excited states. Our study includes various state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemistry methods such as CCSD, CCSD(T), CASPT2 (including spin‐orbit coupling), and EOM‐CCSD as well as some recently developed pCCD‐based approaches and their extensions to target excited states. Specifically, we scan the lowest‐lying potential energy surfaces of the Yb2 dimer and provide a reliable benchmark set of spectroscopic parameters including optimal bond lengths, vibrational frequencies, potential energy depths, and adiabatic excitation energies. Our in‐depth analysis unravels the complex nature of the electronic spectrum of Yb2, which is difficult to model accurately by any conventional quantum chemistry method. Finally, we scrutinize the bi‐excited character of the first excited state and its evolution along the potential energy surface.