bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sound and meaning in Shakespeare's sonnets
Authors: Shapiro Michael
Published: April 2015

Shakespeare's verse is studded with alliteration and paronomasia. The more fundamental question of a patterned relationship between sound and meaning in his Sonnets has not been answered, partly because no method of uncovering such correspondences was available. However, once groups of sounds, specifically sonorant and obstruent sequences, are examined as the locus of the sound-meaning nexus, it emerges that Shakespeare consistently aligns these sequences with relational meanings defined by the dyad of freedom and constraint. The coherence between sound and sense is thus shown to be iconic.
The role of diffusion in the genesis of Hawaiian creole
Authors: Roberts Sarah Julianne
Published: April 2015

The historical diffusion of lexical and grammatical features from one pidgin to another has been well documented for the Pacific region, particularly by Baker (1993) who argued that items were spread individually in the early nineteenth century via an ad hoc foreigner talk register. Noting the profound similarities between Hawai'i Creole English (HCE) and the Caribbean English Creoles (CECs) which led Bickerton (1981) to propose the language bioprogram hypothesis, Goodman (1985) suggested a stronger model of diffusion, one which involved the transmission of a structurally complex pidgin or creole from the Caribbean to Hawai'i. Holm (1986) and Dillard (1995) have endorsed Goodman's hypothesis. This study, drawing on a wealth of pidgin/creole data spanning the previous two centuries, finds little support for Goodman's proposal. Textual evidence shows that the nineteenth-century pidgin of Hawai'i lacked not only the structure of later HCE but also displayed far stronger links with neighboring Pacific pidgin Englishes than the CECs. Furthermore, the creole TMA system and for -complementation patterns are revealed to have developed late and primarily (though not entirely) within the population of native-born speakers, as predicted by the bioprogram. However, while the pace of creolization was fairly rapid in Hawai'i, HCE did not form entirely within a single generation.
Sociolinguistic discontinuity in minority language communities
Authors: Mougeon Raymond , Nadasdi Terry
Published: April 2015

We discuss the Labovian view of the speech community against the backdrop of data from research on variation in minority languages. While members of the same speech community normally share a set of norms for social and stylistic constraints on variation and normally share a common grammar, a number of researchers have noted that some speech communities include subgroups of speakers that are unlike the rest of the community in that they observe different rules or constraints on variable usage. We provide an overview of the main types of discontinuities in variable usage which have been attested both in majority and minority languages and discuss twelve cases of discontinuity which have been documented in the speech of Franco-Ontarian adolescents residing in minority Francophone communities. We also attempt to account for the existence of these discontinuities and consider their implications for the concept of the speech community.
Don Delillo’s Art Stalkers
Authors: Herren Graley
Published: April 2015

Don DeLillo has been repeatedly drawn to a frightening scenario in which a man meets a woman at an art venue and proceeds to stalk her. Adopting the structure of repetition-compulsion displayed in these narratives, the present study moves back and forth between “Baader-Meinhof” and subsequent iterations of the art stalker theme in Falling Man , Point Omega , and “The Starveling.” What makes this scenario particularly disturbing are the links DeLillo draws between the subjective virtual effects art has on a spectator and the pathological extensions of those effects into real-world crimes.
Face the House: Suburban Domesticity and Nation as Home in The Virgin Suicides
Authors: Wilhite Keith
Published: April 2015

This essay reads Jeffrey Eugenides’s The Virgin Suicides as a new, suburban iteration in the tradition of American regionalism—as a novel that addresses the complex place constructions that have shaped national politics and residential geography since World War II. The narrators’ obsession with the Lisbon family and home evolves into a meditation on isolation, containment, and the ideological privileging of suburban domesticity. Reading against the grain of the narrators’ voyeuristic project, we see how this narrative about a local tragedy extends to questions of the domestic, the foreign, nation, and empire across the long Cold War era.
Organizational Storytelling Among Academic Reference Librarians
Authors: Colón-Aguirre Mónica
Published: April 2015

This study focuses on the roles of organizational stories among librarians who work at the reference desk. Twenty librarians employed in four academic institutions were interviewed. Most of the organizational stories shared among the participants and their colleagues were rich in tacit knowledge and can be classified according to four main roles: explaining work conditions, warning systems, preparing others, and finding comfort. The results of the study also suggest that the librarians recount the stories to different groups according to the role of the stories.
The Value of Information: Normativity, Epistemology, and LIS in Luciano Floridi
Authors: Fyffe Richard
Published: April 2015

This paper is a critical reconstruction of Luciano Floridi’s view of librarianship as “stewardship of a semantic environment,” a view that is at odds with the dominant tradition in which library and information science (LIS) is understood as social epistemology. Floridi’s work helps to explain the normative dimensions of librarianship in ways that epistemology does not, and his Philosophy of Information frames librarians’ traditional stewardship role in terms appropriate for our growing involvement in the management and preservation of information through its entire life cycle. Floridi’s work also helps illuminate what is coming to be called “knowledge as a commons.” Librarianship is concerned with maintaining and enhancing information environments over time, environments that include the behavior of the people who create and use them. The integrity of these environments makes possible the epistemic projects of faculty, students, and other researchers, but librarianship is not, itself, epistemological. Floridi’s ecological reframing of philosophy of information and information ethics, bridging the dichotomy between information and user, has a variety of implications for information literacy education and other academic library services in higher education.
Developing Interview Skills and Visual Literacy: A New Model of Engagement for Academic Libraries
Authors: Denda Kayo
Published: April 2015

This case study presents a cocurricular initiative at the Margery Somers Foster Center at Rutgers University Libraries in New Brunswick, NJ. The initiative resulted in an interview workshop for the course Knowledge and Power, a “mission course” of the Douglass Residential College. This discussion-based workshop uses visual and multimedia resources to teach useful skills for conducting meaningful interviews, develops deeper understanding of an interview as a two-way social interaction composed of listening and talking, cultivates ethnographic and cultural sensitivity, and empowers students to critically engage with visual forms of communication and the meanings of media. The workshop familiarizes students with concepts of visual literacy and prepares them for their main assignment—an interview of a woman leader. It is one example of the active role librarians and libraries can play in student learning and knowledge production
The Path and the Pit: History and Traumatic Memory in Primo Levi’s If Not Now, When?
Authors: Druker Jonathan
Published: April 2015

Primo Levi’s If Not Now, When? is a work of historical fiction describing the small triumphs and sufferings of a band of Jewish partisans who fight against the Nazis. They are also Holocaust survivors whose families and communities died in the pits of the Einsatzgruppen . This article reinterprets the novel through the combined lens of trauma theory and historian Saul Friedlander’s notion that, in the case of collective catastrophe, genuine historical consciousness may be achieved only through the uneasy juxtaposition of objective historical narrative with the victims’ anguished voices. While most other readings of the novel focus on the path Levi’s partisans take toward renewed dignity and reconciliation, the principal claim of this article is that the novel succeeds as a work of Holocaust historical fiction because it subverts it own narrative flow—its path—by constantly invoking the pit , the site of trauma that threatens to block the partisans’ access to the future. In support of this claim, the article not only analyzes the literary strategies Levi uses to engage his fictional characters in the documented history of World War II, but also uncovers his techniques for representing their memories of the Holocaust, a collective trauma that violently interrupted history’s course.
Before Soviet Jewry’s Happy Ending: The Cold War and America’s Long Debate Over Jackson-Vanik, 1976-1989
Authors: Levin Geoffrey P.
Published: April 2015

In both popular media and in mainstream academic scholarship, the Jackson-Vanik amendment—which linked Soviet-American trade relations to the question of Soviet Jewish emigration—is portrayed as a largely successful effort to facilitate Jewish emigration. This article sheds light on a revisionist perspective, focusing on the debates over the amendment’s effectiveness that took place between the amendment’s passage in Congress and the USSR’s final years. The research shows that the decline in emigration during the mid-1970s and the early 1980s led many Americans—including politicians, journalists, and Jewish leaders—to question the effectiveness of Jackson-Vanik’s hardline approach. In the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, some called for the suspending the amendment or for granting the USSR a one-year waiver from Jackson-Vanik as a gesture of goodwill, but moderate voices were drowned out by Jewish activists who valued principle over pragmatism. Particular attention is paid to an alleged “missed opportunity” in 1979, a year when Soviet leaders boosted emigration and attempted to reach out to compromise with American Jewish leaders. Overall, this article argues that a more nuanced portrayed of the amendment’s legacy is required in light of the source material that it presents.
Planet of the Jews: Eruvim, Geography, and Jewish Identity in Michael Chabon’s The Yiddish Policemen’s Union
Authors: Anderson Daniel
Published: April 2015

This paper argues that Michael Chabon's novel, The Yiddish Policemen's Union , participates in a long and contentious conversation about the role of Israel in Jewish identity. By examining the role that eruvim play in creating and contesting Jewishness in Chabon's 2007 postmodern detective novel, the paper suggests that Chabon crafts a world in which geographic space complicates, rather than simplifies, Jewish identity in diaspora and postmodernity. The Jewish Alaska of Chabon's imagination therefore has a profound connection to his controversial statements about the modern geopolitical state of Israel.
"Worst of All He’s an Egyptian"
Authors: Cooper Craig
Published: April 2015

The ambivalent feelings that Athenians had toward foreigners at all periods of the Athenian democracy became even more pronounced in the decades between 350 and 330, when the Athenians liberalized their legal system to encourage trade and give freer legal access to foreigners, while simultaneously tightening up the laws that punished foreigners for usurping citizenship. In this same period, we find some of the most blatant prejudices expressed in the courtroom against foreigners.
The Chaste and the Chased: ΣΩΦΡΟΣϒΝΗ, Female Martyrs and Novelistic Heroines
Authors: Chew Kathryn
Published: April 2015

This article examines the novelistic heroines and early Christian female martyrs intercontextually. After exploring how heroine types could transfer to martyr accounts, I discuss the concept of chastity in these literatures. Σωϕροσυώνη, the most common novelistic chastity word, represents a unique development for female characters in Greek literature, for chastity becomes a choice and not an imposition for the heroines. Remarkably, martyr accounts favor this Classical word over two others (ἁγνϵία, ἐγκράτϵια) that reflect a Christian context. Christianity wanted not only to subvert the Classical world, but also to appropriate it, and assimilating vocabulary is a powerful means of cooption.
C. Asinius Gallus, Ti. Claudius Nero, and a Posthumous Agrippa in Ephesus ( ILS 8897)
Authors: Herbert-Brown Geraldine
Published: April 2015

In A.D. 33 Asinius Gallus was starved to death and his memory damned, even though he had not been convicted of any crime. In their attempts to rationalise his demise, Tacitus and Dio tell us that Gallus had exploited his marriage to Tiberius’ ex-wife Vipsania in a way which Tiberius found offensive, but they provide no details. In this paper I propose that a monumental dedication to Agrippa at Ephesus can be read as evidence of just such an offence by Gallus, and that his shocking fate was Tiberius’ long-delayed revenge for the insult that the dedication represented.
Exemplum or Historiola?: Literature and Magic in Apuleius’ Apology
Authors: McCreight Thomas D.
Published: April 2015

This paper discusses the nexus between magic, rhetoric and literature in Apuleius’ self-defense speech on the charge of practicing sorcery. In ch. 37, Apuleius uses a famous exemplum that is reminiscent of the historiola , an illustrative story encountered in some magical texts. The historiola works as a kind of analogy that invokes some past event in order to encourage similar action in the future. By using it, Apuleius demonstrates his knowledge of the literary and philosophical debate about the magic of speech, but he also comes close to producing a magical spell against the charge of magic.
Small States in the Athenian Empire: The Case of the Eteokarpathioi
Authors: Anderson Carl A. , Dix T. Keith
Published: April 2015

Evidence from the Athenian Tribute Lists and the “Eteokarpathian decree” ( IG i 3 1454) reveals a complex and reciprocal relationship between Athens and a small subject ally, the koinon of the Eteokarpathioi (on the island of Karpathos in the Dodecanese). On the one hand, Athens intervened militarily to guarantee the koinon ’s continued existence; on the other, the Eteokarpathioi “took the initiative in getting themselves assessed,” becoming tribute-paying members of the empire ( IG i 3 278.VI.14, 434/3 B.C.E.), and became euergetai of the Athenian people with their gift of special building material (cypress from their sanctuary of Apollo) for the temple of Athena Athenon medeousa . The decree reveals how Athens might intervene in small communities to protect them against more powerful neighbors and thus illustrates the circumstances under which small states or communities might find it advantageous to be part of the Athenian empire.
Waiting for Tissaphernes: Athens and Persia in Thucydides VIII
Authors: Hyland John O.
Published: April 2015

In his portrayal of Tissaphernes in Book Eight, Thucydides addresses a major problem of Athenian politics in the late fifth and early fourth centuries, the hope for alliance with Achaemenid Persia. Tissaphernes’ quarrels with his Spartan allies during the early phase of Persian intervention in the Peloponnesian War led to a wide-spread Greek belief, encouraged by Alkibiades, that Persia might transfer its support to the Athenians. Thucydides, while agreeing with contemporary theories of Tissaphernes’ secret hostility to the Spartan war effort, reconstructs Tissaphernes’ motives in order to challenge Alkibiadean ideas of Persian friendship for Athens.
A Calculated Comedy of Errors: The Structure of Plautus’ Menaechmi
Authors: Maurice Lisa
Published: April 2015

Plautus’ Menaechmi consists of a two-part structure, built of parallel and balanced scenes, which emphasises the contrast between the two eponymous brothers. This contrast is shown by their relative acting ability, which directly contributes to their respective success and failure within the context of the play. Through his cunning and increasingly elaborate performances, Menaechmus of Syracuse comes over the course of the play to embody the festival spirit, and hence achieves his goal and finds his long lost brother. Menaechmus of Epidamnus in contrast fails to succeed at all until he also shows cunning, whereupon he achieves his own dream of escaping from the burdens of married life and duty in Epidamnus.
Electronic Publication and Academic Promotion
Authors: Rydberg-Cox Jeffrey
Published: April 2015

This paper was written for the panel on Electronic Publication and Classics as the 2004 meeting of the APA was taking shape. As the organizers were preparing this panel, I was in the middle of my third year review at the University of Missouri at Kansas City. During this process, I found it very interesting to see what pieces of my academic output were counting in my review and what pieces were not. This process sparked a desire to gain a more general understanding of what kinds of electronic publication counted and what kinds did not in our field. To try to gain a better understanding, we asked members of the APA to complete a short survey about whether or not electronic publication counted at their institution and their personal thoughts about the issue. This paper discusses some of the survey results and also offers personal reflections about what elements of my research counted in the review process and what parts did not.
Women and Civilization in Ovid’s Metamorphoses
Authors: Vesley Mark E.
Published: April 2015

A prominent sub-theme of the Metamorphoses is the transformation of wilderness into civilization. The numerous stories in the poem dealing with wild, violent, or perverse behavior on the part of women underlie and support this theme. Three types represent stages of transformation: the figure of the virgin huntress (untamed by men) predominates at the beginning of the narrative; the Bacchant (violent in her worship) emerges later, and the woman victimized by mortal men and/or unnatural desire (violently lustful or vengeful) follows. Near the end of the epic Pomona symbolizes the new acquiescent role of women in a civilized world.
Lightening the Load: Castration, Money, and Masculinity in Juvenal’s Satire 12
Authors: Larmour David H. J.
Published: April 2015

The fading or lost masculinity is a prominent issue in the Juvenalian corpus and in Satire 12 this is explored through a remarkable act of symbolic castration, when the merchant Catullus throws his goods overboard in a storm, “imitating the beaver, who makes himself a eunuch.” This reading focuses on the beaver simile as the ideological “ground zero” which ties together the poem’s complex interweaving of animal imagery, sailing, sacrifice and legacy-hunting. Through it, the satirist links castration and impotence in a novel way with the Roman moral discourse—visible in Seneca and others—surrounding greed and material possessions.
Archiphylakitai in Ptolemaic Egypt: A Hierarchy of Equals?
Authors: Bauschatz John
Published: April 2015

Since Pieter Kool’s dissertation on police in Greco-Roman Egypt, scholars have subscribed to the view that police administration was uniform across the kingdom and that police chiefs ( archiphylakitai ) in villages were connected to nome-level chiefs by a lengthy chain of command. This paper argues that neither was the case: that administrative structures varied from nome to nome, and that the hierarchy of archiphylakitai was flat. Chiefs answered to civil, financial, and other police officials, not to higher archiphylakitai . The “hierarchy” of police chiefs, unlike similar hierarchies in other spheres of government, was easily accessible, surprisingly flexible, and efficient.
Priapic Punishments in Petronius’ Satyrica 16–26
Authors: Habash Martha
Published: April 2015

In Petronius’ Satyrica 16–26, Quartilla approaches Giton, Ascyltus, and Encolpius to cure her Tertian Fever (17.7). More than this occurs, however. The trio are to be punished for an inexpiabile scelus (17.6) and Encolpius is apparently singled out for earlier offenses against the god. The odd things occuring at this vigil can be explained as retribution for these earlier crimes. In the Priapea and Horace ( Sermones 1.8) Priapus’ style often is to punish offenders by turning upon them the same crime or a humorous inversion of it. Accordingly, the punishments at the Priapi genio pervigilium suggest what Encolpius’ earlier crimes against the god were.
Procne’s Beak in Aristophanes’ Birds
Authors: Compton-Engle Gwendolyn
Published: April 2015

This paper argues that the importance of the Procne scene in Aristophanes’ Birds extends well beyond any association of the nightingale with the official auletes of the production. Maintaining, contrary to some recent studies, that Procne is costumed with a beaked bird mask that is removed by Euelpides, the paper demonstrates that the removal of that mask is the final expression of an emergent mastery obtained by the human protagonists over the birds’ beaks, which are a focal point of costume interaction in the first half of the play.
The Medea Project for Incarcerated Women: Liberating Medea
Authors: Rabinowitz Nancy Sorkin
Published: April 2015

From the late twentieth and into the early twenty-first century, productions of Greek tragedy have been comparatively frequent; many of them use tragedy as a way to think through contemporary problems from a politically progressive point of view. In this essay, I look at Rhodessa Jones’ Medea Project as one example of these political uses of tragedy. Jones works with incarcerated women in the San Francisco jails; her workshops culminate in public performances at theatrical venues in the city. The essay asks whether and how theater can be politically effective.
The Myth of the House of Atreus: 5th Century B.C.E. and 20th Century C.E.
Authors: Suter Ann
Published: April 2015

This essay compares Aeschylus’ use of the myth of the House of Atreus in the Oresteia with Sartre’s use of it in The Flies . Aeschylus chose and changed details from among extant versions to make a drama which glorified Athenian achievements in its new democratic organization and its jury system. Sartre used Orestes’ murder of Clytemnestra as the defining act of the existentialist hero that made him a free man. Implicit in his version was a call for the French people to resist their Nazi occupiers. In post-war Germany, the play was performed with new interpretations by the Western and Soviet occupiers.
Against Whatever War: Mikis Theodorakis’ Operatic Lysistrata
Authors: Simpson Andrew Earle
Published: April 2015

Greek composer Mikis Theodorakis’ opera Lysistrata , based on Aristophanes’ comedy, premiered in Athens in April 2002. Theodorakis, who has shrewdly combined politics and art throughout his career, created both the libretto and the score for this politically charged, anti-war opera. The composer claims that Lysistrata is his last opera, and as such, I argue that it may be read as a summa of Theodorakis’ joint artistic and political career. This paper analyzes referential and political content in the score, in the libretto, and in Giorgos Michailidis’ premiere production, and also considers how external political circumstances in early 2002 lent further timeliness and relevance to the opera’s plea for peace.
The Theatre and Its Poor: Neoliberal Economies of Waste and Gold in Les Misérables (1985) and Road (1986)
Authors: Hughes Jenny
Published: April 2015

This essay presents a study of the economic and theatrical life of two iconic theatre productions from British theatre in the 1980s: the Royal Shakespeare Company/Cameron Mackintosh production of Les Misérables (1985), and Jim Cartwright’s Road at the Royal Court (1986). These two productions were selected with the aim of exploring theatre’s relationship to poverty in a neoliberal economy. Both productions successfully transformed their respective representations of the poor, and the impoverishments introduced by neoliberal economic policy in the theatre during this period, into enduring forms of monetary and aesthetic value. The production of Les Misérables was the outcome of a public/private partnership that exploited new opportunities for financial speculation emerging at this time. Road ’s production was supported by recourse to what the then Royal Court director, Max Stafford Clarke, presented as a pauperized mode of entrepreneurship, developed to adapt to new, economically precarious conditions for subsidized theatre. The essay traces similarities between the economics and aesthetics of the two productions, and draws on these to provide perspectives on theatre’s relationship to the poor. Specifically, it argues that theatre forms productive coalitions with neoliberal economies, which work both onstage and off to transform the “human waste” of impoverishment into gold.
Onward : How a Regional Temperance Magazine for Children Survived and Flourished in the Victorian Marketplace
Authors: McAllister Annemarie
Published: April 2015

This paper explores the purpose, use, and content of nineteenth-century children’s temperance magazines, using Onward as a case study. Technological developments and the influence of competing publications led the magazine to transform its content, typography, format, and size over a forty year period. What began as a regional title ultimately reached a national circulation of 250,000. It achieved this success while pursuing two priorities: integrating readers into the temperance movement and creating a competitive brand of juvenile magazine.
Richard Caton Woodville (1856-1927) at the Illustrated London News
Authors: Gretton Tom
Published: April 2015

Between 1877 and 1925, the Illustrated London News published nearly 1,800 pictures by Richard Caton Woodville, an artist who also achieved great success as a painter of battles and other military scenes. This essay traces his output for the magazine over these years, investigating the volume, variability, and variety of his contributions. It then focuses on Woodville’s feature pictures, which inscribe him as an artist rather than just an illustrator. His pictures of encounters between Europeans and local inhabitants in Egypt and India produce what I call “intention effects,” the capacity of an image to invite inference, referring meaning back from the picture to its author. These images bolstered Woodville’s status as artist, but they also promoted the magazine, which symbiotically shared this prestige.
Comparison between standard and non-standard finite difference methods for solving first and second order ordinary differential equations
Authors: Yaghoubi Abdulrahman , Saberi Najafi Hashem
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we solve some first and second order ordinary differential equations by the standard and non-standard finite difference methods and compare results of these methods. Illustrative examples have been provided, and the results of two methods compared with the exact solutions.
Suspect Identities: a history of fingerprint and criminal identification
Authors: Telles Bruno , Gomes Juliano de Andrade
Published: April 2015

Resenha sobre o livro Suspect Identities, que aborda a história da identificação humana, com enfase nos sistemas baseados em impressão digital.
Pliocene and Pleistocene Coastal and Shelf Deposits of the Merced
Formation and Associated Beds, Northwestern San Francisco Peninsula,
California
Authors: Hunter Ralph E. , Clifton H. Edward , Hall N. Timothy , Császár Géza , Richmond Bruce M. , Chin John L.
Published: April 2015

This field-trip guidebook discusses the Merced Formation (of Pliocene and Pleistocene age) in its type section (Lawson, 1893) and associated Pleistocene beds in the same sea-cliff outcrops. The outcrops extend from Mussel Rock on the south to Fort Funston on the north (Fig. 1A). This section is notable for its thickness and excellence of exposure and for the wide variety of shallow marine and coastal depositional environments represented. Although the section contains a potentially important record of changes in relative sea level, the record has not yet been fully interpreted because of a dearth of precisely dated horizons.

On this field trip we will proceed stratigraphically upward through the section, starting at Woods Gulch, proceeding northward past Thornton Beach State Park (presently closed because of landsliding and gullying), and ending at the northwest corner of the old Fort Funston military reservation, now part of Golden Gate National Seashore (Fig. 1A). We will not see the lower part of the section between Mussel Rock and Woods Gulch. Although the exposures are often excellent where newly eroded by ocean waves, they tend to disappear rapidly because of landsliding and sand deposition on the beach. Because of the rapid changes, all the features described in this guidebook cannot be expected to be seen at any one time. The exposures are usually best at the base of the sea cliffs in winter, when much of the beach sand has been removed by erosion.

The Merced Formation and associated Pleistocene beds crop out in a belt that trends northwest-southeast for a distance of 25 km across the northern San Francisco Peninsula (Fig. IB).
Maastrichtian Depositional Systems in the Sacramento and San
Joaquin Basins
Authors: Cherven Victor B.
Published: April 2015

The continuous southern Sacramento-northern San Joaquin Basin shoaled from minus 1000 m to sea level during deposition of 2 km of deltaic, slope, and submarine fan deposits during the Maastrichtian Epoch of theLate Cretaceous Period. Basin filling was accomplished by a combination of 1) progradation of sandy deltas and muddy slopes, and 2) aggradation of mostly sandy submarine fans. The basin filled from north to south as fluvial systems flowing southwest out of the Sierra Nevada built a deltaic complex that prograded more rapidly in the Sacramento Basin, filling it before more stable deltas to the south could fill the San Joaquin Basin. As the Sacramento Basin became filled, the fluvial-deltaic systems turned more southerly and prograded into the San Joaquin Basin.

Deltaic systems consist of 1) prodelta shale, 2) upward-coarsening delta-fron sandstone, 3) delta-plain carbonaceous shale and lignite and upward-fining distributary-channel sandstone, and 4) very fine-grained (transgressive) shelf shale. Slope systems consist of 1) hemipelagic shale, 2) massive to upward-fining slope-channel sandstone, and 3) slump deposits. Submarinefan systams consist of 1) thick-bedded, upward-fining upper-fan-channel sandstone, 2) medium-to thick-bedded, massive- to upward-fining middle-fan sandstone and shale in discrete packets separated bby thin shale beds, and 3) thin- to medium-bedded, lower-fan fine-grained sandstone and shale in discrete packets separated by shale.
Stratigraphy, Facies, and Depositional Provinces of the Middle
Eocene Domengine Formation, Southern Sacramento Basin
Authors: Cherven Victor B.
Published: April 2015

Local middle Eocene tectonic activity within the southern Sacramento Basin divided it into eight deposltlonal provinces during deposition of the Domenglne Formation. These provinces include the 1) Southeastern Channel Area, which grades laterally (southwest) to the 2) Southern Marsh Area and offshore (northwest) to the 3) Northeastern Bar Area. This latter area grades still farther northwest to the relatively stable 4) Northwestern Shelf Area, but was disrupted by active faults Into the subsident 5) Rio Vista Basin and 6) Sherman Island Trough to the west and southwest. This subsldent region was bordered on the south by the 7) Mt. Diablo Uplift and on the west by the 8) Kirby Hills Uplift. The Domenglne can be divided into eight distinct members, not all of which are present in each depositional provinee.

Sedimentary facies within the eight members of the Domengine include 1) upward-fining coarse-to fine-grained sandstone beds, 2) upward-coarsening bar or delta-front/shoreline sandstone beds, 3) foramin perferal shelf shale, 4) carbonaceous marsh deposits, 5) fIaser-bedded subtidal deposits, 6) shelf sandstone, and 7) fluvial conglomerate and sandstone.

The Domengine Formation is probably a tide-wave-dominated deltaic system. Although marine processes were Important in controlling the types and distribution of grain sizes and sedimentary structures, the overall sediment distribution system and resulting formational geometry were controlled by tectonics and subsidence related to the growth of the Stockton Arch, sediment compaction in the Meganos Gorge (submarine canyon), active faulting, and distribution of basin-margin up lifts.
Introduction
Authors: Carlson Christine
Published: April 2015

This field trip examines spectacular exposures of sedimentary serpentinites that occur in contrasting tectonic regimes of the Neogene transform-dominated San Joaquin Basin and the late Mesozoic forearc of the Great Valley Sequence, Sacramento Valley (Fig. 1). Emphasis will be on depositional mechanisms which range from intrusive/extrusive protrusions to detrital accumulations, in subaerial to deep marine environments. The interplay between tectonic events and the deposition of sedimentary serpentinite will be stressed. For it is this interrelationship--the tectonic mobilization of serpentinized ultramafic masses from deep structural levels, their forceful protrusion to the surface, and the generation of active extrusive serpentinite flows into the sedimentary environment--that underscores the importance of these deposits in the stratigraphic record. Voluminous, monomineralic accumulations of serpentinous strata, such as the Big Blue Formation and the foliate breccias of the Wilbur Springs area, should be viewed not merely as compositional curiousities but rather as unique sedimentologic responses to tectonic events.

The first day we will examine homoclinal exposures of the Big Blue Formation along the west side of the central San Joaquin Valley (Fig. 1). Six stops are planned in the Big Blue serpentinous strata. In the southern portion of the area between Anticline Ridge and Domengine Ranch, recent work by Bate describes interfingering of distal alluvial fan and tidal flat environment. Dickinson and Casey's (1976) descriptions and discussion of the Big Blue Formation in the area near Cantua Creek are recapitulated. North of Martinez Creek, they recognize a main body of subaerial protrusive serpentinite than can be traced along strike into fringing alluvial aprons that grade, with increasing distance from the source protrusion, into shallow marine facies.
General Geology and Miocene Stratigraphy in the Vicinity of
Coalinga Anticline
Authors: Bate Matthew A.
Published: April 2015

The generally homoclinal eastern flank of the Diablo Range along the west side of the San Joaquin Basin of California (Fig. 6) is modified by a series of en echelon folds. One of these folds, the Coalinga anticline, is the southeast plunging extension of the Idria (or Joaquin Ridge) uplift, cored by a large serpentine diapir (Eckel and Myers, 1946). In Miocene time, basin margin shallow-marine and non-marine environments interfingered in the area of Coalinga anticline depositing a sequence of siliciclastic sediments. This lithological pattern was interrupted, when a major episode of diapiric movement extruded an enormous volume of serpentine foliate breccia, eroded the previously deposited sediments, and provided a source for sedimentary serpentinite in the same near-shore environments (Dickinson and Casey, 1976). These serpentinite deposits together make up the Big Blue Formation.

The initial development of the Diablo uplift of serpentinite and Franciscan rocks occurred in post middle Eocene time (Nilsen and others, 1974), changing the continental margin from an open shelf to a partially enclosed basin. Subsidence followed (Hackel, 1966). The resulting transgressive middle Eocene Domengine Formation is the first Franciscan-derived sediment in this area (Dickinson and others, 1979). It is conformably overlain by the siliceous and calcareous shales of the Kreyenhagen Formation, which are up to a thousand meters thick (Wilson, 1943). Through the Oligocene and early Miocene, uplifts and growth of Coalinga anticline resulted in numerous angular unconformities in the Vaqueros Formation. During the Saucesian the whole northern end of the basin was subjected to 300 to 600 meters of shoaling (Bandy and Arnal, 1969), resulting in a widespread unconformity above the Vaqueros, and exposing the Kreyenhagen Formation along the flanks of the Diablo uplift.
Sedimentary Serpentinite of the Miocene Big Blue Formation Near
Cantua Creek
Authors: Casey Tom Ann L. , Dickinson William R.
Published: April 2015

Between Anticline Ridge on the south and the Ciervo Hills on the north, serpentinous strata of the Big Blue Formation lie strati graphically between Middle Miocene Temblor Formation and Upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation in homoclinal exposures of Tertiary strata that flank the western margin of the Great Valley. Mapping of three distinctive lithologic units within the Big Blue Formation near Cantua Creek defines key aspects of its unusual origin (see Fig. 30). Foliate but unstratified serpentinite breccia, thickest on the outcrop between Salt and Martinez Creeks, forms the body of a protrusive serpentinite extrusion that flowed as a sheared mass across an unconsolidated substratum of Temblor sand, which was partly scraped away beneath the mass-flow and was locally plowed into chaotically rumpled folds that piled up at the advancing margin of the protrusive mass. Bedded serpentinite-clast conglomerates and breccias, with intercalated serpentine-grain sandstones and associated serpentinous debris-flow deposits, were formed by fluvial reworking of the protrusive serpentinite. Detrital serpentinite locally underlies but more commonly overlies and most typically flanks the latter as a facies equivalent. Interbedded serpentine-grain sandstones and serpentinous claystones of probable marine origin exposed laterally along strike apparently formed as an extensive facies fringe of serpentinite detritus dispersed widely from a central core of protrusive and coarser detrital serpentinite. Santa Margarita beds rest conformably on the finer detrital serpentinite but uncon-formably on protrusive serpentinite and associated deposits. Easterly paleocurrents from clast imbrications in detrital serpentinite suggest that the serpentinite source lay west of the present outcrop belt. Dispersal of serpentinite debris perhaps was fed by protrusive diapiric movement of Mesozoic serpentinite mobilized in the core of an ancestral Joaquin Ridge anticline, whose initial growth thus may have coincided with the Miocene onset of rapid motion along the late Cenzoic San Andreas fault system.
Descriptions of Field Trip Stops 4, 5, and 6
Authors: Casey Tom Ann L. , Dickinson William R.
Published: April 2015

Bedded serpentinite-clast conglomerate and sedimentary breccia with subordinate debris flow deposits form most of the Big Blue Formation between Salt and Cantua Creeks (see Fig. 32). Rusty brown outcrops in resistant ledges are characteristic (Fig. 39). A total thickness of 50 to 100 m is estimated. The bedded serpentinite-clast rudites, in general, lap depositionally upon the flank of the thick lens of protrusive serpentinite. About 15 m of foliate serpentinite breccia persists locally beneath bedded serpentinite-clast conglomerate and breccia as far north as the Lillis Ranch (Fig. 40).

The bedded rudites consist of subangular to sub-rounded serpentinite-clast gravel associated with interstitial and interstratified serpentine-grain sand and cemented by carbonate (Fig. 41). The largest clasts are about 1 m in diameter, but most are much smaller. The texture of the sandy matrix is plainly fragmental (Fig. 42), and there is no hint of a shear fabric. Lenticular bedding and channel structures characteristic of braided-stream deposits are prominent (Figs. 43-45). Nearly all clasts are serpentinite, although rare fragments, of other rock types occur in some beds, and the chrome garnet, uvarovite, is common in the sand fraction.

The proportion of serpentinite-clast conglomerate and sedimentary breccia declines and the proportion of serpentine-grain sandstone increases with distance laterally away from the sequence of foliate serpentinite breccia. In the canyon of Cantua Creek (see Fig. 33), more than half the unit is composed of serpentine-grain sandstone that is intercalated between more prominent layers of coarser serpentinite detritus.

Crudely stratified serpentinite-clast rudites that represent debris-flow deposits locally occur strati graphically between foliate breccia and bedded conglomerate and breccia.
General Geology of the Northern Coast Ranges and the Wilbur
Springs Area
Authors: Carlson Christine
Published: April 2015

The Northern Coast Ranges (Fig. 61) are a composite geomorphic province consisting of structurally controlled, northwest trending, enechelon ridges and valleys that extend from the Klamath Mountains in the north to San Francisco Bay in the south. The core of the Coast Ranges consists of complexly deformed Upper Jurassic to Early Tertiary rocks of the Franciscan Complex. This core is structurally overlain to the east by less deformed, late Mesozoic marine, clastic rocks of the Great Valley Sequence. These two essentially coeval terranes are juxtaposed along a major low-angle fault, the Coast Range Thrust (Bailey et al., 1964), whose present geometry is extensively modified by Tertiary deformation of the Coast Ranges and extensive strike slip displacement along reactivated Mesozoic structural discontinuities (McLaughlin, 1974, 1981; Suppe and Foland, 1978; Suppe, 1979).

The Franciscan Complex is a highly deformed, lithologically heterogeneous assemblage. It consists predominately of graywacke and metagraywacke with subordinate shale, altered mafic volcanic rocks, radiolarian chert and minor limestones, which range from unmetamorphosed through zeolite, prehnite-pumpellyite, greenschist, and blueschist facies. It also includes minor blueschist and eclogite facies exotic blocks. The distribution and relationships of these rocks is complicated by numerous thrusts and chaotic melange zones. Vestiges of original stratigraphic relations are only locally preserved in large tectonic slabs and thrust sheets. Thrust sequences “top” eastward and “young” to the west and the regional tectonic fabric dips eastward at high angles. Overall, the high P, low T metamorphic grade increases west to east but the metamorphic facies progression is more complicated in detail.
Depositional Environments and Sedimentary Facies of Foliate
Serpentinite Breccias, Wilbur Springs
Authors: Carlson Christine
Published: April 2015

Voluminous serpentinite strata interfinger with Lower Cretaceous terrigenous clastics of the Great Valley sequence along the western edge of the Sacramento Valley. These deposits are exposed in the core of a regional, southeast-plunging structure, the Wilbur Springs anticline. The sedimentary serpenti-nites form a distinctive lithologic unit of foliate serpentinite breccias in road cuts along Highway 20 just west of its intersection with Highway 16.

Extensive serpentinite masses of sedimentary origin were first reported in the area of Wilbur Springs by Taliaferro (1943). He recognized their association with fault-bounded serpentinite of the ophiolite belt but was unable to establish sufficient criteria to distinguish between the two types in many cases. Thus the origin of much of the exposed serpentinite remained unresolved. Lawton (1956), citing numerous fossil discoveries within serpentinite breccia and gradational contacts with surrounding Great Valley strata, suggested that all of the serpentinite bodies south of Wilbur Springs were the products of sedimentary processes. Although he noted textural variation between chaotic and stratified units, he did not attach genetic significance to these facies changes. He considered all the deposits detrital accumulations despite the poor stratification, chaotic nature, schistose fabric, and the admitted lack of internal clastic textures in many of the bodies. The foliation was attributed to later tectonism, which he thought had obliterated original depositional features.

Moiseyev (1966), in his study of the mercury mineralization of the Wilbur Springs District, concurred with Lawton's findings and provided further documentation of the detrital nature of some of the ultramafic rocks. Stressing the inherent difficulty in discriminating sedimentary serpentinites, he concluded that lateral gradation of foliate breccia into coarse elastics of ultramafic composition and the presence of fossils in the serpentinite are the only unambiguous criteria of sedimentary origin (Moiseyev, 1970).
Upper Precambrian-Lower Paleozoic Clastic Sequences, Blue Ridge and Adjacent Areas, Virginia and North Carolina
Authors: Schwab Frederic L.
Published: April 2015

Late Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic stratified assemblages of the central and southern Appalachian Blue Ridge, Piedmont, and Valley and Ridge provinces document the initial origin and early evolution of the eastern margin of ancient North America. A series of thick, late Proterozoic (post-Grenville, 950 to 1100 Ma) clastic sequences record an initial episode of continental distension and rifting with the development of localized, interior, Triassic-like grabens adjacent to a major, scarp-bounded continental edge that bordered either a Proto-Atlantic (Iapetus) Ocean or a smaller, marginal back-arc basin. Overlying, younger stratified sequences document the gradual development of a passive, Atlantic-type continental margin with shallow water shelf sediments of a continental terrace deposited subjacent to deeper water continental rise deposits.

The purpose of this field excursion is to familiarize participants with the regional setting, overall lithology and characteristics, and tectonic setting of selected units within the Blue Ridge and adjacent regions that document the evolutionary history briefly described above. All stops will be within the Blue Ridge province itself or along its immediate boundaries with the Piedmont and Valley and Ridge provinces. Stratigraphic units to be seen include: (1) Grandfather Mountain Formation: late Proterozoic fanglomerate and associated alluvium of a rift-related, Newark-like interior basin; (2) Mount Rogers Formation (or Volcanic Group): glacio-fluvial deposits (including tillite and dropstone-bearing laminated pebbly mudstone) and interbedded peralkaline pyroclastics and flows; (3) earliest Cambrian Chilhowee Group: initial shallow water shelf deposits of a developing passive, Atlantic-type continental margin terrace; and (4) Early Paleozoic Alligator Back Formation: metasedimentary and meta-volcanic rocks believed to be altered from deeper water continental rise deposits believed to have been deposited subjacent to the developing continental shelf.