bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Walter C. Neale 50 Years After
Authors: Andreff Wladimir , Scelles Nicolas
Published: November 2014

In 1964, Neale suggested, in addition to competitive balance, a league standing effect that was never tested per se with empirical data. A model that explains fan attendance in the French football Ligue 1 over 2008-2011 is presented. It takes on-board point difference with the closest competitor chasing a different sporting stake, and positive and negative changes regarding the different sporting stakes. Econometric testing exhibits a negative impact of point difference (i.e., a positive impact of the possibilities of changes), a positive impact of positive changes, and no significant impact of negative changes.
Inclusion as Deliberative Agency
Authors: Curato Nicole , Ong Jonathan Corpus
Published: November 2014

Mass media play a double-edged role in promoting deliberative democracy: they enforce hierarchies in public discussion by prioritizing the voice of particular groups, yet they remain the best, if not the only institution that can temper inequalities in deliberation, particularly in their capacity to grant ordinary people opportunities for voice in deliberative settings. We put forward two criteria that can assess media’s capacity to enforce inclusiveness in public deliberation. A mediated deliberative system is inclusive if it (1) proactively gives visibility and voice to vulnerable groups to be seen and heard on their terms and (2) allows those with less power to act as “deliberative agents” capable of facing their interlocutors, articulating, defending, and considering one’s views. We provide empirical context to this argument through the case of the Reproductive Health debates in the Philippines, as they played out in two different television genres that differently accentuate deliberative agency.
Comfort properties of functional warp-knitted polyester spacer fabrics for shoe insole applications
Authors: Rajan T Palani , Souza Louis D , Ramakrishnan G , Zakriya G Mohamed
Published: November 2014

The use of cushioned insoles has been recommended as a method to reduce the impact forces on feet associated with running. This study is used to determine the influence of insole structure and thickness on the permeability and conductivity properties of air and temperature. The insoles are constructed with warp-knitted polyester spacer fabrics with 3D construction and have good cushioning, permeability, and conductivity properties. The middle layer is made up of polyester monofilament yarn which decides the thickness of fabric, and the two outer surfaces of the fabric were made from polyester multifilament yarns which is a closed and open structure. The comfort properties of spacer fabric have been studied by measuring air permeability, water vapor permeability, and thermal properties with respect to fabric porosity. One-way analysis of variance is used to analyze the significant of fabric thickness and surface structures. The experimental result shows that the vertical gap of the two outer surface layers and the horizontal pore size of the face surface decide the permeability and conductivity properties of spacer fabrics. The fabric with higher porosity show high permeability of air and water vapor. Depending on the fabric thickness and structure, the 4-mm thickness of spacer fabric with locknit structure resulted in low air and water vapor permeability. It is found that the 3.1-mm thickness spacer fabric with hexagonal net structure proves to have good air and water vapor permeability and comparatively lower thermal conductivity.
Durability of textile facing materials for construction: Implementation of an accelerated aging test by hydrolysis
Authors: Ducoulombier Laure , Dakhli Zakaria , Lafhaj Zoubeir
Published: November 2014

This paper presents the design and development of a test protocol for accelerated aging by hydrolysis in basic and acidic media, as well as application of this protocol for testing two fabrics intended for use as facing materials for buildings. The durability indicators were selected in order to quantify and analyse the impact of accelerated aging on fabrics. The experimental results reveal that the two fabrics’ behaviour depends on the medium’s nature. The aging in an acidic medium was hardly noticeable. Conversely, aging in a basic medium resulted in a quick deterioration of the fabrics: after 35 days of aging, the tensile strength of both fabrics was close to zero. Furthermore, the two fabrics behave differently in the basic medium, which is mainly due to their separate structures: the first fabric resistance to nail tear increased during the first day of aging unlike the second fabric.
Photodynamic Therapy and Its Role in Combined Modality Anticancer Treatment
Authors: Brodin N. Patrik , Guha Chandan , Tomé Wolfgang A.
Published: November 2014

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new modality for anticancer treatment and although the interest has increased greatly in the recent years, it is still far from clinical routine. As PDT consists of administering a nontoxic photosensitizing chemical and subsequently illuminating the tumor with visible light, the treatment is not subject to dose-limiting toxicity, which is the case for established anticancer treatments like radiation therapy or chemotherapy. This makes PDT an attractive adjuvant therapy in a combined modality treatment regimen, as PDT provides an antitumor immune response through its ability to elicit the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and tumor antigens, thus providing an increased antitumor efficacy, potentially without increasing the risk of treatment-related toxicity. There is great interest in the elicited immune response after PDT and the potential of combining PDT with other forms of treatment to provide potent antitumor vaccines. This review summarizes recent studies investigating PDT as part of combined modality treatment, hopefully providing an accessible overview of the current knowledge that may act as a basis for new ideas or systematic evaluations of already promising results.
Depleted Resources and Chronic Stress
Authors: Clifton Erin G. , Feeny Norah C.
Published: November 2014

There is a well-established relationship between number and severity of stressful life events and the onset of depression. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression should include relevant evaluation of chronic stressors and skill building related to garnering available resources. This clinical case study illustrates the use of a CBT approach to treating depression in an individual with a complicated history of life stressors. An adult woman with recurrent major depressive disorder sought treatment at a university-based psychology training clinic and received outpatient individual psychotherapy on a weekly basis. Therapeutic progress was evaluated through self-reported depression and anxiety symptom change, therapist observation of affect, and client and therapist assessment of progress toward therapeutic goals. This case highlights several key factors to consider when providing outpatient psychotherapy to address symptoms of depression in adults with severely depleted resources, particularly bolstering the utilization of social support.
Post-Adoption Services for Families at Risk of Dissolution
Authors: Burke Raymond V. ,   The Prevention Group Research Team, Schlueter Cortney , Vandercoy Jessyca , Authier Karen J.
Published: November 2014

The vast majority of the almost 2 million adopted children in the United States remain with their adoptive family throughout their life. For an estimated 1% to 25% of adopted children, adoption ends in dissolution or disruption. This article provides an overview of the A Step Further (ASF) program as experienced by two adoptive families that were at risk of dissolution. The ASF program is an intensive educational and supportive program that provides services to help adopted children and their families remain together through challenging times. A case study design is utilized and describes case characteristics; utilization of the ASF program; staff characteristics and training; and a summary of the interventions, support services, and materials provided for families enrolled in ASF services. Cases presented reported substantial progress on parent-identified personal goals and clinically significant improvements in child behavior problems at conclusion of the program. At 1-year post ASF services, parents reported that the child of focus remained with his adoptive family. Preliminary evidence suggests that ASF is targeting families at risk of dissolution and having a high level of success at keeping adoptive and guardianship families intact. Limitations and implications for clinicians and students are discussed.
Collective Memory and Planning
Authors: Tighe J. Rosie , Opelt Timothy J.
Published: November 2014

Urban renewal may be the most universally vilified program in planning history, remembered primarily for its destruction of established, central, urban neighborhoods along with the construction of isolated, peripheral, housing projects. This article analyzes how urban renewal unfolded in Asheville, how people perceive the injustices associated with urban renewal, and the legacy that urban renewal programs undertaken by the city of Asheville may have on future planning efforts. By investigating the policy intentions, implementation style, and community participation efforts of the urban renewal projects undertaken during the 1960s and 1970s in the East Riverside neighborhood, this narrative explores how perceived and real missteps during that period continue to affect planners and policy makers today.
Campus Crisis Response at Viberg College
Authors: Eaker Rachel , Viars Jamie
Published: November 2014

This fictional case study examines crisis response in higher education settings. Information about current crisis response procedures, plans, and trends was gathered from informational interviews, current crisis management literature, and multiple college and university websites. The information was synthesized into a fictional case study using Zdziarski, Rollo, and Dunkel’s crisis matrix as a framework for discussion and analysis. The case examines the response of a mid-level administrator and the far-reaching implications of an active shooter crisis on campus. The case study allows flexibility so that multiple roles can be considered in an institutional response plan. The case is designed to provide administrators guidance in creating a crisis response team, a chance to reflect on their current understanding of crisis management and a review of the crisis management cycle.
Turnaround, Transformational, or Transactional Leadership
Authors: Mette Ian M. , Scribner Jay P.
Published: November 2014

This case was written for school leaders, specifically building-level principals and central office administrators attempting to implement school turnaround reform efforts. Often, leaders who embark on this type of organizational change work in intense environments that produce high levels of pressure to demonstrate improvement in student achievement. Educators studying this case should examine the impact on ethical leadership when implementing rapid reform efforts, particularly the pressure on school leaders at the district and building levels to employ a transactional rather than transformational approach to leadership as they respond to the pressures of turnaround school policy.
Questions of Ethics and Loyalty
Authors: Martinez Melissa A.
Published: November 2014

Inspired by real-life events, this case describes the dilemma of a novice assistant principal who must balance her role as an administrator at her high school campus where a cousin’s son, Eddie, recently enrolled and is proving to be disruptive the first month of school. Troubled by questions of ethics and loyalty, the issue is complicated after Eddie’s father Rick engages in what might be considered disruptive or inappropriate behaviors on campus. Coincidentally, Rick seeks the assistant’s help, as he believes Eddie’s basketball coach is utilizing questionable discipline practices with the team. The administration is left to investigate the issue.
Adoption of a Learning Contract in Higher Education
Authors: Vitton John J. , Butz Nikolaus T.
Published: November 2014

This disguised case features a marketing major, Susan Lafleur, who presented Professor Higgins, the Department Chair, with a dilemma. She needed a petition signed to enroll in a capstone course while simultaneously taking a prerequisite course. She received an employment offer from a prestigious overseas corporation, which required a baccalaureate marketing degree. Higgins informed Susan that the prerequisite courses had never been waived previously. Further investigation revealed that Susan had a marginal academic record. Higgins’s quandary involved maintaining academic standards, College policy, and compassion for the student. Decision making, motivation, and psychological contract research were applied. What should Higgins do?
Physical health and mental illness
Authors: Simon Chantal
Published: November 2014

People with psychotic illness die on average 25 years earlier than would otherwise be expected. Although some of these early deaths are through suicide and can be related to the patient’s underlying mental health disorder, many are due to physical health problems that in many cases could be prevented. Increased rates of physical disease and premature death are also seen among groups with other mental health problems such as those with chronic depression. This article discusses how GPs can intervene to promote health and wellbeing for patients with ongoing metal health problems with a view to improving long-term physical health outcomes.
Arthroscopically Assisted Treatment of Navicular Osteochondral Defect Using Flowable Collagen, Iliac Crest Bone Marrow Aspirate and Fibrin Glue
Authors: Keller Thomas C. , Dempsey Ian J. , Park Joseph S.
Published: November 2014

A 32-year-old male recreational athlete presented with activity-related chronic dorsal midfoot pain. Conservative treatment, including a prolonged period of immobilization, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and use of a bone stimulator, failed to resolve his symptoms. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a cystic appearing focus within the navicular in conjunction with a osteochondral lesion within the proximal articular surface of the navicular. This case report presents an arthroscopically assisted treatment of a navicular osteochondral lesion using curettage and backfilling with fibrin glue, flowable collagen, and autogenous bone grafting.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Understanding Students’ Intentions to Join the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Walsh Kate , Chang Song , Tse Eliza Ching-Yick
Published: November 2014

A study of 246 hospitality degree students in Hong Kong and the United States found that emotional intelligence has a strong effect on students’ intentions to pursue a career in the hospitality industry. The students’ service orientation has a similar but weaker effect. The study also found that this relationship is mediated by the degree to which these post-internship students were satisfied with working in the industry. Because emotional intelligence can be enhanced through education, hospitality educators can help develop their students’ emotional intelligence and service orientation and potentially increase their likelihood of developing successful careers within the industry.
A Field Study of New Employee Training Programs
Authors: Tracey J. Bruce , Hinkin Timothy R. , Tran Thao Li Bui , Emigh Teresa , Kingra Michael , Taylor Jonathan , Thorek David
Published: November 2014

Given the importance of well-designed and well-executed training programs, it is important to learn more about the content and design of effective training programs for new employees, particularly those that have been implemented in the hospitality industry. Through a field study assessment of pre-opening training programs that have been implemented by fifteen hotel firms and sixteen restaurant companies, we found that hotels and restaurants spend approximately the same time on pre-opening training for new staff, with the exception of restaurant managers, who receive significantly more days of training than do their hotel counterparts. In addition, there were substantive differences in the amount of pre-opening training based on firm size and whether the company was publicly traded or privately held. We also found that the majority of pre-opening training is designed and delivered by corporate staff, and a balance of active and passive training methods are used for facilitation. Finally, although our survey methodology did not allow us to determine the costs associated with pre-opening training (and therefore the return on these efforts), we noted that the firms used guest satisfaction measures and measured the employees’ content mastery, among other metrics.
An exploration of the barriers to the confident diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome: A survey among general practitioners, gastroenterologists and experts in five European countries
Authors: Andresen Viola , Whorwell Peter , Fortea Josep , Auzière Sébastien
Published: November 2014

Background

The diagnostic processes for chronic abdominal conditions are challenging. Despite their tendency for diagnostic tests in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, clinicians are encouraged to make a positive diagnosis based on symptom criteria without alarm signs. We explored how European physicians diagnose and manage patients suffering from IBS.

Methods

We conducted a vignette‐based survey to evaluate the diagnostic approaches in four standardized patients with IBS with constipation (IBS‐C), IBS with diarrhea (IBS‐D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic constipation (CC). General practitioners (GP, n  = 104), gastroenterologists (GE, n  = 100) and IBS experts (n  = 25) from five European countries participated.

Results

Experts showed the highest rates of correct diagnoses (88%–92%) for all cases except CC (only 60%) and were more prone to a positive diagnosis (64%/68% in IBS‐C/CC), whereas GEs and GPs tended toward a diagnosis by exclusion (63%/63% and 62%/60% in IBS‐C/CC). In the CC vignette, conducting tests was more frequent than prescribing treatment among 44% experts, 63% GEs and 36% GPs. The diagnosis of IBD presented little difficulty for any of the participants.

Conclusions

This study highlights the difficulties in confidently diagnosing chronic functional bowel conditions, especially for non‐experts, whereas IBD caused little difficulty. Differentiating between IBS‐C and CC seemed particularly challenging, even for experts.
Injuries in Competitive Dragon Boating
Authors: Mukherjee Swarup , Leong Hin Fong , Chen Simin , Foo Yong Xiang Wayne , Pek Hong Kiat
Published: November 2014

Background:

Dragon boating is a fast-growing team water sport and involves forceful repetitive motions that predispose athletes to overuse injuries. Despite the rising popularity of the sport, there is a lack of studies on injury epidemiology in dragon boating.

Purpose:

To investigate the injury epidemiology in competitive dragon boating athletes.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods:

A total of 95 dragon boaters (49 males, 46 females) representing their respective universities took part in this study. Data were collected retrospectively using a reliable and valid self-report questionnaire. The study period was from August 2012 to July 2013.

Results:

A total of 104 musculoskeletal injuries were reported (3.82 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures), 99% of which occurred during training. The most commonly injured regions were the lower back (22.1%), shoulder (21.1%), and wrist (17.3%). The majority of injuries were due to overuse (56.3%), and incomplete muscle-tendon strain was the most prevalent type of injury (50.5%). The time loss from injuries varied. In addition, a significant majority of the dragon boating athletes incurred nonmusculoskeletal injuries, with abrasions (90.5%), blisters (78.9%), and sunburns (72.6%) being the most common.

Conclusion:

Competitive dragon boating has a moderately high injury incidence, and there seems to be a direct relationship between exposure time and injury rate. A majority of the injuries are overuse in nature, and the body parts most actively involved in paddling movement are at higher risk of injuries. The high incidence of nonmusculoskeletal injuries in dragon boaters suggested that these injuries are likely outcomes of participation in the sport.
Biomechanical Comparison of Fracture Risk Created by 2 Different Clavicle Tunnel Preparations for Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Nuzzo Michael S. , Adamson Gregory J. , Lee Thay Q. , McGarry Michelle H. , Husak Lisa
Published: November 2014

Background:

An anatomic reconstruction of coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments typically requires drilling tunnels in the clavicle. An increase in fracture complications has been associated with graft tunnel position. A method of drilling clavicle tunnels that would better re-create anatomic function of the CC ligaments without increasing fracture risk would be an improvement.

Purpose:

To evaluate the feasibility of a novel single anterior-to-posterior tunnel technique and compare the biomechanical properties to the 2-tunnel technique in CC ligament reconstruction. The hypothesis was that the single tunnel will yield similar loads to failure as the 2-tunnel technique and better reproduce the native anatomy of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eight fresh-frozen matched pairs of human clavicles underwent testing. In 1 specimen of the matched pair, 2 bone tunnels were created as previously described. In the other, a single tunnel was placed obliquely from anterior to posterior. The relative position of the tunnels in relation to the conoid tuberosity was recorded. Specimens were tested on a materials testing machine. The ultimate load to failure, linear stiffness, distance of the conoid tuberosity to the conoid tunnel exit point, and mode of failure were recorded.

Results:

The ultimate load to failure in the single-tunnel group and the 2-tunnel group was 457.2 ± 139.8 and 488.8 ± 170.6, respectively. There was no significant difference ( P = .5). The linear stiffness in the single-tunnel group and the 2-tunnel group was 94.6 ± 31.3 and 79.8 ± 33.5, respectively. There was no significant difference ( P = .2). The 2-tunnel group had a significantly longer average maximum distance from the conoid tuberosity to the conoid tunnel exit point than the single-tunnel group (6.0 ± 2.1 vs 0.8 ± 1.9 mm; P = .05). The single-tunnel group was consistently more anatomic with regard to its relationship to the conoid tuberosity than the 2-tunnel group.

Conclusion:

The single anterior-to-posterior clavicle tunnel had similar biomechanical properties to the 2-tunnel technique. However, the single-tunnel technique better reproduced the anatomic footprint of the conoid ligament. Utilizing this single-tunnel technique may yield an anatomic advantage that may also reduce the rate of complications caused by posterior wall blowout.

Clinical Relevance:

Acromioclavicular joint injuries are common in collision sports. Surgical management is often indicated to reconstruct the joint. This study assesses the feasibility of a novel surgical approach.
Stability of a Parenteral Formulation of Betamethasone and Levobupivacaine
Authors: Sánchez-Rivera Juan Pablo , García-Gómez Amparo , Mínguez Martí Ana , Garrigues Teresa Ma
Published: November 2014

Background: The therapeutic management of syndromes presenting simultaneously pain and inflammation often requires the administration of anesthetic and corticosteroid drugs by epidural administration. In this article, we studied a mixture that combines betamethasone and levobupivacaine, which demonstrates prolonged analgesic effects. To our knowledge, the stability of such a mixture in epidural solution has not been examined. Objective: To evaluate the chemical, physical, and microbiological stability of an extemporaneously prepared mixture. Methods: A solution of betamethasone acetate 1 mg/mL, betamethasone phosphate 1 mg/mL, and levobupivacaine hydrochloride 0.83 mg/mL was prepared in saline. The components were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for up to 270 days of storage, protected and exposed to light, at room temperature, and stored in the refrigerator and at 45°C. In addition, sterility, organoleptic properties, and pH of the admixture were monitored. Results: There are no significant differences between drug concentrations obtained at room temperature and at refrigerated temperature. The accelerated conditions (45°C) demonstrated different results among the actives: betamethasone acetate and levobupivacaine hydrochloride are affected while betamethasone phosphate remains stable. The stability of the mixture does not depend on light exposure. The validity period of the different components in the mixture was estimated as 120 days for betamethasone phosphate and 163 days for levobupivacaine hydrochloride; betamethasone acetate remained unchanged during 155 days. Conclusion: Analgesic mixtures of betamethasone and levobupivacaine can be stored at ambient temperature in polypropylene vials for up to 120 days at the studied concentrations. These data enable the rationalization of the centralized preparation in the hospital pharmacy.
Critical Assessment 10: Tensile elongation of strong automotive steels as function of testpiece geometry
Authors: Hanlon D. N. , van Bohemen S. M. C. , Celotto S.
Published: November 2014

Total elongation as measured in tensile tests on strong steels is adopted in product specifications and development goals, and sometimes assumed to relate to formability. The quantity, however, is measured in a variety of ways in the reported literature and is often used to make unjustified comparisons. Using purposely generated experimental data, the effect of specimen geometry on the measured total elongation is critically assessed.
Improved thermal stability of PdZn/TiO2coating by Ce doping
Authors: Okhlopkova L. B. , Kerzhentsev M. A. , Ismagilov Z. R.
Published: November 2014

A thermally and chemically stable matrix for embedding nanoparticles was prepared by doping Ce species into mesoporous TiO2 framework via a sol–gel process using a Pluronic F127 surfactant. The materials were characterised by means of X-ray diffraction, low temperature nitrogen adsorption and transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The effect of Ce/Ti molar ratio on the porous and crystalline structure was discussed. Introducing highly dispersed Ce species into the titania framework can effectively improve its thermal stability. Ce doped catalytic coatings were prepared by spin coating method using PdZn nanoparticles based precursor solution. The coatings showed high thermal and chemical stabilities in the selective hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, precluding nanoparticle sintering and leaching of its component under reaction conditions.
Effect of negative emotions evoked by light, noise and taste on trigeminal thermal sensitivity
Authors: Yang Guangju , Baad-Hansen Lene , Wang Kelun , Xie Qiu-Fei , Svensson Peter
Published: November 2014

Background

Patients with migraine often have impaired somatosensory function and experience headache attacks triggered by exogenous stimulus, such as light, sound or taste. This study aimed to assess the influence of three controlled conditioning stimuli (visual, auditory and gustatory stimuli and combined stimuli) on affective state and thermal sensitivity in healthy human participants.

Methods

All participants attended four experimental sessions with visual, auditory and gustatory conditioning stimuli and combination of all stimuli, in a randomized sequence. In each session, the somatosensory sensitivity was tested in the perioral region with use of thermal stimuli with and without the conditioning stimuli. Positive and Negative Affect States (PANAS) were assessed before and after the tests. Subject based ratings of the conditioning and test stimuli in addition to skin temperature and heart rate as indicators of arousal responses were collected in real time during the tests.

Results

The three conditioning stimuli all induced significant increases in negative PANAS scores (paired t-test, P ≤0.016). Compared with baseline, the increases were in a near dose-dependent manner during visual and auditory conditioning stimulation. No significant effects of any single conditioning stimuli were observed on trigeminal thermal sensitivity (P ≥0.051) or arousal parameters (P ≥0.057). The effects of combined conditioning stimuli on subjective ratings (P ≤0.038) and negative affect (P = 0.011) were stronger than those of single stimuli.

Conclusions

All three conditioning stimuli provided a simple way to evoke a negative affective state without physical arousal or influence on trigeminal thermal sensitivity. Multisensory conditioning had stronger effects but also failed to modulate thermal sensitivity, suggesting that so-called exogenous trigger stimuli e.g. bright light, noise, unpleasant taste in patients with migraine may require a predisposed or sensitized nervous system.
The Foundation Annual Fund — Building a strong SEG
Authors: Allison Paul
Published: November 2014

Building a strong SEG requires many resources. Chief among them is an engaged and generous membership providing philanthropic support to the annual fund. Just as a secure building requires a strong foundation, SEG's full complement of programs requires a financially strong Foundation. The Foundation's strength and impact are a direct reflection of donor (your) support. Resources from the Annual Fund allow the Foundation to employ development professionals to identify, cultivate, solicit, and steward all donors. The Foundation also provides an important fiduciary duty to ensure that your donations are managed in a reasonable and professional manner. The Annual Fund can also provide resources to take advantage of unique opportunities. The Foundation Board of Directors can consider and approve special funding for these opportunities only if the Annual Fund has available resources. Finally, building a strong Annual Fund secures the future of SEG through the constituency of engaged donors who share a passion to advance the geosciences.
SAS Focus
Authors:   Comision Directiva 2014–2016
Published: November 2014

The Asociación Argentina de Geólogos y Geofísicos Petroleros (AAGGP) turned 20 years old in March 2014.
Vitamin D and Physical Activity Status: Associations With Five-Year Changes in Body Composition and Muscle Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Scott David , Ebeling Peter R. , Sanders Kerrie M. , Aitken Dawn , Winzenberg Tania , Jones Graeme
Published: November 2014

Context:

High vitamin D and physical activity (PA) levels are independently associated with improved body composition and muscle function in older adults.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and PA status in maintenance of body composition and muscle function in older adults.

Design and Setting:

This was a 5-year prospective population-based study of Australian community-dwelling older adults.

Participants:

Participants in the study included 615 community-dwelling volunteers aged 50 years old or older [61.4 ± 6.9 (mean ± SD) y; 48% female] randomly selected from electoral rolls and categorized according to baseline serum 25OHD (≥ or <50 nmol/L) and PA (≥ or <10 000 pedometer determined steps/d) levels as follows: high 25OHD and high PA (VitD+PA+); high 25OHD and low PA (VitD+PA−); low 25OHD and high PA (VitD-PA+); and low 25OHD and low PA (VitD-PA−). A subset of 518 participants completed accelerometer assessments during follow-up.

Main Outcome Measures:

Changes in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed body composition and lower-limb muscle function were measured.

Results:

VitD+PA+ had significantly smaller increases in body fat over 5 years compared with other groups (all P < .05). Higher baseline pedometer-determined PA resulted in declines in total body fat (β = −.23 kg per 100 steps/d, P = .001) over 5 years for participants with high 25OHD but not those with low 25OHD (P > .05). Among participants with accelerometer data, these associations were generally mediated by higher levels of moderate/vigorous PA.

Conclusions:

High vitamin D status appears to enhance PA-related declines in body fat during aging, but the mechanism may be greater amounts of outdoor moderate/vigorous PA rather than a direct effect of 25OHD.
The Arabidopsis Mediator CDK8 module genes CCT (MED12) and GCT (MED13) are global regulators of developmental phase transitions
Authors: Gillmor C. Stewart , Silva-Ortega Claudia O. , Willmann Matthew R. , Buendía-Monreal Manuel , Poethig R. Scott
Published: November 2014

Temporal coordination of developmental programs is necessary for normal ontogeny, but the mechanism by which this is accomplished is still poorly understood. We have previously shown that two components of the Mediator CDK8 module encoded by CENTER CITY (CCT; ArabidopsisMED12) and GRAND CENTRAL (GCT; ArabidopsisMED13) are required for timing of pattern formation during embryogenesis. A morphological, molecular and genomic analysis of the post-embryonic phenotype of gct and cct mutants demonstrated that these genes also promote at least three subsequent developmental transitions: germination, vegetative phase change, and flowering. Genetic and molecular analyses indicate that GCT and CCT operate in parallel to gibberellic acid, a phytohormone known to regulate these same three transitions. We demonstrate that the delay in vegetative phase change in gct and cct is largely due to overexpression of miR156, and that the delay in flowering is due in part to upregulation of FLC. Thus, GCT and CCT coordinate vegetative and floral transitions by repressing the repressors miR156 and FLC. Our results suggest that MED12 and MED13 act as global regulators of developmental timing by fine-tuning the expression of temporal regulatory genes.
Ammonium Nitrate: A Biodegradable and Efficient Catalyst for the Direct Amidation of Esters under Solvent-free Conditions
Authors: Ramesh Perla , Fadnavis Nitin W
Published: November 2014

A simple, metal-free, and environment-friendly procedure is developed for the direct conversion of esters to amides using ammonium nitrate as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. Aryls, heteroaryls, and aliphatic esters are easily converted to the corresponding amides in excellent isolated yields (85–99%). An enantiopure ester and amine were both shown to react without racemization. The methodology has been successfully applied to preparation of procainamide.
Does Federal Student Aid Raise Tuition? New Evidence on For-Profit Colleges
Authors: Cellini Stephanie Riegg , Goldin Claudia
Published: November 2014

We provide the first comprehensive estimates of the size of the for-profit higher education sector and evaluate whether for-profits increase tuition in response to federal subsidies. By using state administrative data we include institutions that do not participate in federal student aid programs and are missed in official counts. Including these institutions doubles the number of for-profits and increases students by one-third compared with official counts. Aid-eligible institutions charge tuition for sub-baccalaureate (mainly certificate) programs that is about 78 percent higher than that charged by comparable programs in nonparticipating institutions, lending some credence to the “Bennett hypothesis” of federal aid capture. (JEL H52, I22, I23, I28)
The Trillion Dollar Conundrum: Complementarities and Health Information Technology
Authors: Dranove David , Forman Chris , Goldfarb Avi , Greenstein Shane
Published: November 2014

We examine the heterogeneous relationship between the adoption of EMR and hospital operating costs at thousands of US hospitals between 1996 and 2009. We first document a previously-identified puzzle: Adoption of EMR is associated with a slight cost increase. Drawing on the literature on IT and productivity, we analyze why this average effect arises. We find that: (i) EMR adoption is initially associated with a rise in costs; (ii) EMR adoption at hospitals in IT-intensive locations leads to a decrease in costs after three years; and (iii) Hospitals in other locations experience an increase in costs even after six years. (JEL D24, I11, M15)
Investigating the life and work of teachers
Authors: Goodson Ivor F.
Published: November 2014

Relative importance of work has exponentially grown in teachers’ lives in the last 40 years. Moves to restructure schooling and education have increased and so have studies on the impact of these changes. This work allows us to concentrate on some of the complexities at the heart of many new school reform initiatives. Writing in 1975, at the end of a ‘golden age’ for Western society, Lortie summarized the relationship between teachers and educational research in the US in words that still stand up well today: "Schooling is long on prescription, short on description. That is nowhere more evident than in the case of the two million persons who teach in the public schools." The point that Lortie makes has continued to be in force in the research discourse as related to teachers – a good deal of prescription and implicit portrayal but very little serious study of, or collaboration with, those portrayed.
The role of the language of instruction in the formation of the ethno-cultural identity of Estonian Russian-speaking students
Authors: Soll Maie , Salvet Sander , Masso Anu
Published: November 2014

Artiklis analüüsitakse vene emakeelega abiturientide etnokultuurilise identiteedi kujunemist eri õppekeelte kontekstis. Etnokultuurilist identiteeti on artiklis mõistetud kompleksse sotsiaalpsühholoogise (Verkuyten, 2005) ja kommunikatiivse nähtusena (Luhmann, 2002). Empiirilise alusena on kasutatud kirjaliku võrguintervjuu meetodit. Valimi moodustavad eesti ja eesti-vene õppekeelega ning keelekümblust kasutavate koolide/klasside abituriendid (n = 14), kes on pärit Eesti eri piirkondadest (Tallinnast, Tartust, Ida-Virumaalt). Vastuseid otsitakse järgmistele uurimisküsimustele: 1) millised on noorte etnokultuurilised enesemääratlusviisid? 2) milline on õppekeele osa etnokultuuriliste enesemääratlusviiside kujunemisel? Analüüsis eristus kolm enesemääratlusviisi: kindel vene etnokultuuriline, ebakindel eesti-vene ning alternatiivne, ambivalentne identiteet. Analüüs näitab, et ei ametlik õppekeel ega ka õppekeelega rahulolu ei määra otseselt, kellena ja milliste tunnuste kaudu end määratletakse, küll aga võib kool toetada keele kui olulise identiteedi referentsi oskust ning õpilaste keelelise ja kultuurilise tõlkimise võimet.
Summary
"Multicultural teaching in the early childhood classroom: Approaches, strategies, and tools, pre-school to 2nd grade"
Authors: Brown Kara D.
Published: November 2014

21. sajandi koolid Ameerika Ühendriikides on enneolematute rahvastikumuutuste paigaks, sest õpilaskonna keeleline, etniline, religioosne ja rassiline mitmekesisus üha süveneb. Sellise kiiresti areneva mitmekesisusega toimetulekuks juhindutakse koolides multikultuurilisuse põhimõttest, mille kohaselt on kõigi ühiskonnarühmade liikmetel võrdsed õigused. Mariana Souto-Manningu raamat "Multicultural teaching in the early childhood classroom" (2013) annab ülevaate, kuidas rakendada seda põhimõtet lasteaiast kuni teise klassini. Iga peatükk algab metoodilise käsitluse lühitutvustusega ja kasutusvõimaluste ülevaatega, millele järgnevad soovitused selle kohta, kuidas mõnd meetodit kasutada ning millised probleemid võivad sellega kaasneda. Seejärel esitatakse näiteid meetodi rakendamise kohta koos õpetajate kommentaaridega. Metoodikapeatükkide lõpus kommenteerib autor lühidalt õpetajate toodud näiteid ja esitab viiteid lisalugemisele.
"Haridusleksikon"
Authors: Mikser Rain
Published: November 2014

Haridusleksikon koondab tähestikulises järjekorras esitatuna 43 artiklit hariduse ja kasvatuse peamistest märksõnadest. Artiklite autorid on 29 hariduse ja kasvatuse valdkonna spetsialisti Tallinna Ülikoolist, Tartu Ülikoolist, Tallinna Tehnikaülikoolist ja ka muudest institutsioonidest. Leksikonis on esitatud märksõnade inglis-, saksa-, prantsus-, soome- ja venekeelsed vasted, levinumad definitsioonid, valdkonna arenguloo põhijooned, aktuaalsed probleemid, olulisimad rahvusvahelised organisatsioonid ja erialased ajakirjad ning võimaluse korral lühiülevaade valdkonna uurimistraditsioonist Eestis. Leksikon on mõeldud kogu Eesti haridusüldsusele, eriti aga selle valdkonna üliõpilastele, õpetajatele, õppejõududele ja haridusametnikele. Sellises formaadis leksikon on Eestis hariduse ja kasvatuse valdkonnas esmakordne, see on avatud edasiarendamiseks ning loodetavasti antakse edaspidi välja ka selle täiendatud trükke.
"Hariduse ja kasvatuse sõnaraamat"
Authors: Puksand Helin , Erelt Tiiu
Published: November 2014

2014. aastal ilmus viiekeelne "Hariduse ja kasvatuse sõnaraamat", milles on 4850 mõistet paljudelt hariduse ja kasvatuse aladelt: kasvatus ja areng, alusharidus, põhi- ja keskharidus, kutse- ja kõrgharidus, huviharidus, eripedagoogika, andragoogika, sotsiaalpedagoogika, didaktika, koolikorraldus, kasvatusteaduslik uurimistöö, pedagoogika ajalugu jne. Iga mõiste kohta on esitatud eesti, inglise, saksa, soome ja vene termin ning enamasti ka seletus. "Hariduse ja kasvatuse sõnaraamat" on mõeldud kõigile haridustöötajaile ja haridusvaldkonnast huvitatuile.
Is the evidence on waterbirth watertight?
Authors: Phillips Kerry
Published: November 2014

Waterbirth has been promoted as an effective means to control pain and improve comfort in labour ( Royal College of Midwives/Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCM/RCOG), 2006 ). Proponents for waterbirth show boundless enthusiasm for the practice, citing the benefits in terms of good clinical outcomes and increased levels of women's satisfaction. Its opponents, however, demonstrate the same level of fervour, portraying waterbirth as a folly with grave potential for both mother and baby. Interestingly, the quality of literature that supports the incongruent sides of the waterbirth debate varies greatly. This article reviews the existing body of literature on waterbirth.
Three in a bed
Authors: Sporek Paulina Ewa
Published: November 2014

Student midwife Paulina Sporek discusses her views on bed sharing
Mocking for excellence
Authors: Barber Jenny
Published: November 2014

Regular and appropriate observations, and mock inspections, underpin the reflective and analytic processes that drive development and lead to better quality provision and experiences for children.
Adventures for all of us
Authors: Baxter Amanda
Published: November 2014

For most children, the very idea of going on ‘an adventure’ is full of excitement and opportunity, but for those with special needs, a different range of emotions might arise. How do we include all children?
A real passion for play
Authors: Bromley Helen
Published: November 2014

Helen Bromley had a passion for promoting children's interests to the very heart of learning. In this article, we pay tribute by looking at the power and possibilities of small world play in her own words.
Let's not think in boxes: What does this look like and are we doing the right thing?
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: November 2014

In my experience of visiting and working in settings, we inadvertently ‘cap learning’, not just through inappropriate ‘differentiation’, but also by ‘thinking in boxes’, but what does this mean for young learners?
Policies to support development
Authors: Bayram Liz
Published: November 2014

The crucial role of childcarers in supporting children and the long-term benefits of doing so means a focus on quality improvement for childcare professionals must remain a key priority in the year ahead.
What we can learn from… Christmas traditions
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: November 2014

December is an important time for families in the UK. It is the last month of the year, it is dark and cold but also filled with festivals of light, with the biggest celebration still associated with Christmas.
The role of hinges in primary total knee replacement
Authors: Gehrke T. , Kendoff D. , Haasper C.
Published: November 2014

The use of hinged implants in primary total knee replacement (TKR) should be restricted to selected indications and mainly for elderly patients. Potential indications for a rotating hinge or pure hinge implant in primary TKR include: collateral ligament insufficiency, severe varus or valgus deformity (> 20°) with necessary relevant soft-tissue release, relevant bone loss including insertions of collateral ligaments, gross flexion-extension gap imbalance, ankylosis, or hyperlaxity. Although data reported in the literature are inconsistent, clinical results depend on implant design, proper technical use, and adequate indications. We present our experience with a specific implant type that we have used for over 30 years and which has given our elderly patients good mid-term results. Because revision of implants with long cemented stems can be very challenging, an effort should be made in the future to use shorter stems in modular versions of hinged implants.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):93–5.
Non-modular tapered fluted titanium stems in hip revision surgery
Authors: Konan S. , Garbuz D. S. , Masri B. A. , Duncan C. P.
Published: November 2014

Non-modular tapered fluted, titanium stems are available for use in femoral revision. The combination of taper and flutes on the stem provides axial and rotational stability, respectively. The material and surface properties of the stem promotes bone on-growth. If the surgeon is confident and reasonably experienced in the surgical use of this sort of design and the case is relatively straightforward, a non-modular design is effective. It also potentially reduces implant inventory, and circumvents the potential problems of taper junction corrosion and fatigue fracture. There are reports of excellent survival, good clinical and functional results and evidence of subsequent increase in proximal bone stock.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):56–9.
Acetabular distraction
Authors: Brown N. M. , Hellman M. , Haughom B. H. , Shah R. P. , Sporer S. M. , Paprosky W. G.
Published: November 2014

A pelvic discontinuity occurs when the superior and inferior parts of the hemi-pelvis are no longer connected, which is difficult to manage when associated with a failed total hip replacement. Chronic pelvic discontinuity is found in 0.9% to 2.1% of hip revision cases with risk factors including severe pelvic bone loss, female gender, prior pelvic radiation and rheumatoid arthritis. Common treatment options include: pelvic plating with allograft, cage reconstruction, custom triflange implants, and porous tantalum implants with modular augments. The optimal technique is dependent upon the degree of the discontinuity, the amount of available bone stock and the likelihood of achieving stable healing between the two segments. A method of treating pelvic discontinuity using porous tantalum components with a distraction technique that achieves both initial stability and subsequent long-term biological fixation is described.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):73–7.