bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of the Effect of the Interaction Between the Secretions of the Roots of some Plants of the Cruciferous Family and the Biocontrol Factor Trichoderma spp. in Controlling fusarium wilt Disease on Okra Plants
Authors: Albadrani Mustafa Taha Khudhair , Alshimaysawe Usamah A. Alkarim A. Almunam
Published: December 2023

This study surveyed, identified, and biologically controlled fusarium wilt on okra plants. The field survey found fusarium wilt on okra farms in Najaf, Diwaniyah, and Babylon. 18-73% were infected. Six Fusarium spp. isolates were found in wilted plants. Besides spore shapes and colours, the separated fungus differed in culture colour and growth rate. Fusarium spp. isolates also have different okra plant pathogenicities. However, isolate F2 (Abbasiya isolate) was the most harmful and adopted in following trials as the most virulent. The example isolate was PCR-diagnosed using rDNA-ITS marker. Fusarium solani. Thus, GenBank registered OQ729824. The effect of evaporated and non-evaporated compounds secreted from the tissues of cruciferous plants (Cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower) on the culture medium P.S.A 1/4 showed that the compounds secreted from the roots of cabbage and broccoli inhibit and prevent the diagonal growth of the pathogenic fungus F. solani at an average rate of 0.00 cm compared to other treatments. Trichoderma spp. biological isolates tolerate cruciferous plant tissues better. The field experiment to assess the efficiency of the interaction between the root secretions of cruciferous family plants (Cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower) and okra plants in the presence of the bioagent factor T. longibrachiatum T2 showed a significant increase in okra plant growth and production. The interaction treatments between the roots of cabbage or broccoli plants in soil contaminated with the pathogenic fungus F. solani, with or without the biological fungus T2, completely protected the okra plants from disease during growth and harvest. Control treatment had 83.33% infection.
Population Density of Bemisia tabaci on Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Varieties in the Greenhouse
Authors: Hameed Ghaith A. , Abdullah Muqdad A. , Elhadeeti Sawsan A. K.
Published: December 2023

We conducted an experiment in a greenhouse at the research station belonging to the Department of Plant Protection / Ministry of Agriculture, in Abu Ghraib area during the spring and autumn season 2022-2023, to study the population density of the whitefly on two varieties of sweet pepper plant (Charisma and Sierra Nevada). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design “RCBD” with three replicates for each variety. The results showed that in spring season the population density of B. tabaci eggs and nymphs reached the peak in the last week of May, which where 2.667 and 4.444 individual / leaf, respectively while the population density peak of the adults was in the first week of June, where it reached 3.33 individual / leaf for Charisma variety, while in Sierra Nevada variety the population density of eggs reached its peak at the first week of May 2.889 individual / leaf, while the nymphs reached its peak at the last week of May 4.44 individual / leaf, also the adults reached its peak the in the second week of June 2.667 individual / leaf. In autumn season the population density of the eggs, nymphs and adults on Charisma variety reached its peak in the third week of November, where it were 3.556, 2.778 and 3.444 individual / leaf respectively, while the population density of the eggs, nymphs and adults recorded on the Sierra Nevada variety reached its peak in the third week of November with 3.889, 3.778 and 3.778 individual / leaf respectively. These results clearly showed that B. tabaci had nearly the same preference to infest the two varieties of sweet pepper, Charisma and Sierra Nevada through the abundance of their stages on the plants.
A comparison of some Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Two Local and Seven Introduced Cultivars of Olives Olea europaea
Authors: Yousif Muna Aied , Shakir Hussam Nafea
Published: December 2023

Olive oil is one of the most edible oils in the world due to its many health. Therefore, knowledge of its physical and chemical properties is indispensable for evaluating its quality. Different cultivars have been introduced in Iraq to improve yield and oil quality. However, there are few studies to compare these cultivars, so this study aimed to compare two local cultivars with seven introduced cultivars of the most cultivated olive cultivars in central and northern Iraq, using some physical and chemical parameters. The statistical analyses revealed that there were significant differences between the cultivars, and the values of the studied traits were as follows: density (0.9101 - 1.0377g / ml), pH (5.98 - 7), viscosity (40-49 mpa.s), smoke point (200 - 245 °C), boiling point (190 – 213 °C), melting point (-2 – 10 °C). When comparing the varieties, local varieties had the highest density, viscosity, smoking point, and melting point values, while they had the lowest pH value. The results also showed that the introduced variety, Marnzanilla, was one of the best varieties, whose characteristics were among the Gulf standard specifications.
Corn (Zea mays L.) Yield Characteristics and Oil Content are Influenced by Licorice and Seaweed Extract Spray Frequency
Authors: Gatea Ali Abed , Hussein Haider Talib
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was done in spring 2022 on one of the farms in Al-Medhatiyah area, south of Babylon Governorate, using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three factors: licorice extract at three doses (0, 5, 10) mg L-1 and encoded (L0, L1, L2). (The second factor is spraying seaweed extract on the plants in three doses (0,4,8 mg L-1) and coding (A0, A1, A2). Three sprays (once, twice, and three times) are the third factor. Encoded (N1, N2, N3). Thus, each replication comprised 27 treatments, totaling 81 experimental units. The outcomes were as follows. Licorice extract at 10 mg L-1 (L2) exhibited the highest averages (32.03 grains, row-1) in all investigated features, including number of grains.row-1, weight of 300 grains, protein %, and oil %. 1,53.34g-1,9.82% 4.82%. The seaweed extract at 8 mg L-1 (A2) exhibited the highest averages (34.66 grains, row-1, 5.10%, 10.20%) in all tested aspects. The spraying treatment had the greatest averages (53.86gm-1 5.37%, 10.53%) for the measured properties (weight of 300 grains, 1gm, percentage of oil%, percentage of protein%) three times. The treatments (L2, A2, N3) and concentrations (10 mg L-1 licorice, 8 mg L-1 seaweed, for three sprays) excelled in some of the bi-interactions between licorice, seaweed, licorice, number of sprays, algae, and number of sprays. Including (the number of grains in a row, and the percentage of oil) by giving them the highest averages (30.60, 35.96, 38.94), (5.32, 5.47, 5.57%), while protein percentage was not noteworthy for the season.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Biocide Oxymatrine in Controlling the Different Roles of the Saw-Grain Beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Silvanidae: Coleoptera) in the Laboratory
Authors: Al-Hab Rusl Kareem Majeed Ali Abo , Al-Zurfi Sienaa
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the biocide of plant origin, Oxymatrine, against the second and fifth larval instars and adults of the Sawgrain beetleOryzaephilus surinamensis(L.) under laboratory conditions. The results showed the efficiency of the biocide Oxymatrine in causing death rates for adults and larval instars at all concentrations of (1.5, 2, 2.5) ml/liter. The highest death rates were for the second larval stage, which reached 100%, and all concentrations after 3 days of treatment. In contrast, the mortality rates were given for the last (fifth) larval instar and adults after 14 days of treatment. For the fifth larval instar, the mortality rates reached (63.92%, 67.78%, and 70.35%) at concentrations (1.5, 2, 2.5) ml/l, respectively. The death rates were for adult females (52.14%, 53.57%, and 55.71).
Assessment of the Sensitivity of some Wheat Cultivars to the Infection of the Head Blight Disease Caused by the Fusarium pseudograminearum in South of Iraq
Authors: Al-Dairi Sabah S. J. , Al-Waily Dhia S.
Published: December 2023

A field study was carried out to determine the susceptibility of eight cultivars of wheat, Ibaa-99, Bohouth-22, Rasheed, Mawaddah, Wafia, Bankal, Jad and Babel, to infection with the fungus Fusarium pseudograminearum. The experiment was conducted in the fields of the Plant Protection Department / College of Agriculture / University of Basrah during the season 2021-2022 to test the sensitivity of eight cultivars of wheat to head blight infection. The Babel cultivar showed the highest severity of the disease, reaching 80%. The Bohouth-22 cultivar showed the highest number of tillers, which amounted to 8 tillers/plant, while the IPA 99 cultivar showed the lowest number of tillers, amounting to 1.3. g/m2. The productivity of the Bohouth-22 cultivar was higher at a rate of 1012 g/m2, while the Babylon cultivar showed the lowest rate of 266.7 g/m2.
Comparison the Effect of an Organic Nutrient (Nektafol) Under Production and Open Field Condition on the Growth and Yield of Lettuce
Authors: Al-Chalabi Angham Talal Mahmoud , Ibraheem Fathel F. R. , Hussein Ayman Malallah , Alsawaf Ahmed
Published: December 2023

The Horticulture Department & Landscape Design/College of Agriculture at the University of Mosul conducted the study in two cultivation systems (unheated plastic house and open field) connected to the fields to examine the effects of using the liquid nutrient (Nektafol) at concentrations (0,2,4,6 mlL-1) on the vegetative growth characteristics, quantitative and qualitative yield of plants of lettuce (Quantum variety). Three replications of the experiment were used, and the averages were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% level of probability. The experiment was conducted utilizing split. Plot. System. with R.C.B.D. Design. The characteristics of vegetative development and the quantitative and qualitative yield can be summed up as follows: When compared to plants grown under plastic house, plants that were grown in a field in the open. were significantly better in most of the studied characteristics. It was found that using the liquid nutrient Nektafol at two concentrations of 4 and 6ml L-1 significantly improved the qualities of vegetative growth and the total yield of heads of lettuce, as well as the qualities under open field and plastic house.
Influence of Foliar Spraying with Various Concentrations of the Growth Regulator (Floratone) on a Few Characteristics of Vegetative Growth in Two Fig Cultivars
Authors: Hussein Mawahib Medhat , Raddam Karim Abdel Hussein , Takhayal Sahar Hussein
Published: December 2023

The goal of the study, which was done on a private farm in the Al-Mahaweel District of the Babylonian Governorate, was to look at how two cultivars of Bani Muslim seedlings and Al-Asfer (Turkish) Figs seedlings responded to spraying when they were two years old. without addition, with three concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5 mm/L) of the Floratone in addition to the comparison treatment, and its impact on some vegetative growth traits of two fig cultivars (plant height rate, typical main stem diameter, total leaf area, and typical leaf chlorophyll content). The study’s randomized complete block design (RCB) used three replicates for each treatment, and the 1.5 mm treatment that the two cultivars received produced the best results for the growth characteristics that were being examined.
The Role of Seed Treatment with Bacterial Biofertilizer Azotobacter, Gibberellic Acid and Kinetin Before Planting in some Biochemical Characteristics in the subsequent Growth of Psidium guajava L. Seedlings
Authors: Alkalabi Chasb Kh. Ja. , Bajlan Sabah G. Sh.
Published: December 2023

The experiment was carried out in the College of Agriculture - University of Karbala at the beginning of September of the year 2022 according to a randomized complete block design to study the effect of the bacterial biofertilizer Azotobacter and a solution of gibberellic acid in three concentrations (0, 150 and 300 mg. L-1), and kinetin in three concentrations (0, 25 and 50 mg. L-1) in some biochemical characteristics of Psidium guajava L. seedlings. The results showed that the single effect of the bacterial biofertilizer was superior in the all studied characteristics compared to the control treatment, as for the gibberellic acid solution, the concentration (300 mg.L-1) was superior by giving it the highest significant increase in all the studied traits except for the activity of the peroxidase enzyme compared to the control treatment, while the treatment of seeds with chitin solution excelled, and the concentration (50 mg.L-1) recorded the highest significant difference in all the studied traits in the all studied characteristics compared to the control treatment.
Effect of Spraying with Moringa Leaf Extract and Potassium Silicate on some Chemical Properties of Banana Plant MUSA spp.
Authors: Al-Muhe Riyadh Mhawesh , Abdul-Wahid Mahmmod S.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in one of the covered greenhouses in Saran affiliated to the College of Agriculture - University of Dhi Qar during the agricultural season 2022-2023 during the growth period on the Grand Nine banana seedlings, for the purpose of knowing the effect of Moringa extract and potassium silicate on its chemical properties, 48 plants were selected Homogeneous, 3-4 months old. The study included two factors, the first factor: spraying with Moringa leaf extract in four concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15) g L-1, the second factor: spraying with potassium silicate in four concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3) ml L-1, the date was The first is for spraying, with an interval of ten days between one spray and another, with a rate of 6 sprays. The experiment was applied according to C.R.D, with three repetitions. The results showed that the combination a3b3 (15 g L-1 X 3 ml L-1) was superior in most chemical properties (total chlorophyll concentration (2.40) mg in 100 g-1, total soluble carbohydrates (27.00)%, nitrogen (28.90) mg g-1, phosphorus (1.28) mg g-1, potassium (19.60) mg g-1, silicon (0.078) mg kg-1, ascorbic acid (150.00) mg g-1), while proline was superior in the comparison treatment (a0×b0) as it gave (0.85) micrograms g-1.
Evaluation Study of some Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Red and White Mulberry Fruits, a Local Variety Morus sp.
Authors: Al-Rabea’a Jamal Abdul Redha
Published: December 2023

The results of the search for the physical characteristics of the red and white mulberry cultivars showed that there were no significant differences in the characteristic of the fruit length, as it reached 2.50 and 2.40 cm for the red and white cultivars, respectively. While the white mulberry variety excelled in the characteristics (fresh and dry weight of the fruit and the diameter of the fruit), reaching 3.09 g, 1.66 g, and 1.10 cm, respectively. The results of the study of chemical traits showed that there were significant differences in all the studied traits, where the red mulberry variety excelled in (content). moisture, percentage of juice, and percentage of acidity), which reached 14.73, 54.78, and 2.64%, respectively, while the white mulberry variety excelled in (the percentage of total sugars, the percentage of total soluble solids (TSS), the ratio of solids to acidity, and the ash content of the fruits) as it reached 8.14%, 9.60%, 9.60%, and 0.86g, respectively.
Effect of Licorice Organic Media and Disper Bloom Spraying on vegetative growth and Flowering Gerbera Jamesonii L.
Authors: Alwan Nawal M. , Kadhim Fadhil J. , Mahdi Suhad A.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in greenhouse of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape during the agricultural season (2022-2023). to study the Effect of Licorice Organic Media (0,1.5.2.5 kg m2) and Disper Bloom Spraying (0,1.5,2.5 gm l-1) on vegetative and Flowering growth Gerbera Jamesonii L. The study was carried out using a factorial experiment in the design of completed randomized sectors R.C.B. D within three replications, each experimental unit included (30) plants for each replicate. Plants planting in organic licorice medium to the occurrence of clear differences in the vegetative and Flowering growth characteristic. Where the treatment of mixing the medium of (3) kilos with the soil excelled. effect of the growth stimulator (Disper Bloom) was clearly significant in the superiority of most of the vegetative and flowering growth traits has outperformed the treatment of spraying at a concentration of (3) ml. liter-1 significantly in most of the characteristics studied. overlap between the two factors has a significant impact on most of the studied vegetative and flowering growth characteristics.
Effect of Soaking Apricot Seeds (Prunus armeniaca L.) with Gibberellic and Humic Acids on Germination and Seedling Growth
Authors: Medan Raad Ahmed
Published: December 2023

This study carried out wooden canopy belong to Dep. of Horticulture and Landscaping - college of Agriculture / Univ. of Kirkuk in Shurao / Kirkuk Governorate / Iraq for the period from 1/15/2023 to 5/5/2023 to study the effect of soaking apricot seeds with different concentrations of gibberellic acid (500 mg). And 1000, 1500 and 2000). mg L-1 and humic acid (150, 300, 450, and 600) mg L-1 on the percentage of germination of apricot seeds and some characteristics of vegetatives and roots growths of seedlings resulting from seed germination, the experiment carried out according to (R.C.B.D.) design as a factorial experiment with 3 replications and by Six seedling for each experimental units. thetotal number of the investigation is (162) seedlings, and the averages were compared using Duncan Multiple-Range Test under the probability levels of 5%. The results obtained are summarized as follows : Soaking apricot seeds with a concentration of (1500 mg.L-1) of gibberellic acid resulted in asignificant increase in most of the studied traits (germination percentage, number of leaves, total leaf area, dry weight of shoot and root system, and root length) with a rate of (93.33% and 20.67 leaf - 1, 65.63 cm 2, 85.07%, 48.52%, and 15.13 cm (respectively), while the T8 treatment of gibberellic acid (2000 mg.L-1) excelled in the stem length characteristic by giving it the highest readings with a ratio of 24.60 cm, while the T4 treatment excelled ( Soaking the seeds with humic acid at a concentration of 600 mg L-1) significantly affected most of the studied traits, compared tothe rest of the treatments of soaking apricot seeds with humic acid and the comparison.
Effect of Adding Organic Fertilizer (Humus) Perl Humus on some Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Grape Cultivars Shatur Al-anz and Olivette Noire (Vitis Vinifera L.)
Authors: Abdullah Idris Hussein , Latif Mahmoud Fadel
Published: December 2023

This study examined the effects of organic fertilizer PERL HUMUS on the vegetative growth traits of young Shatur Al-anz and Olivette noire grape vines in the grape orchard of the Department of Horticulture and Gardens Engineering, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, during the growing season (2022). The experiment used a split-plot design according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors: the first factor was the addition of the organic fertilizer PERL HUMUS to the soil at three levels (H0= 0, H1= 150, and H2= 300 gm per seedling) twice before the vegetative buds opened and two months after the first addition. Shatur Al-anz (V1) and Olivette noire (V2) grape varieties are the second factors. Organic fertilizer had a significant effect on most vegetative growth traits, especially the H2 treatment, which had the highest values for main branch length and diameter, wet weight, dry weight, and leaf area (134.04 cm, 12.74 mm, 19.65 gm, 11.02 gm, and 5.24 m2 per vine). There was no notable rise in primary branches. The Shatur Al-anz variety significantly outperformed the Olive variety in (the number of main branches) and (wet weight and dry weight).
Impact of Foliar Spray with Gibberellic Acid GA3 and Nauta Fertilizer on the Some Vital and Mineral Components of Three Cultivars of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Alimam Nabil M. Ameen Abdullah , Saadon Shahad Ahmmed
Published: December 2023

The University of Mosul’s Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design / College of Agriculture and Forestry vineyard hosted this study. During the growing season 2022, to study the effects of foliar fertilization with Nauta fertilizer containing amino acids and seaweed extracts in three concentrations (0, 250, and 500 mg l-1) and foliar spraying with gibberellic acid in three concentrations (0, 50, and 100 mg l-1) on three table grape varieties, Halwany Lebanese, Kamali, and Black Khalili, and their interactions and effects on some It is possible to summarize the most important results obtained: According to this study, Halwany surpassed Kamali and Black Khalili in petiole iron concentration and grape variety superiority. Halwany and Kamali were over the Black Khalili variety in the average concentration of potassium in the petioles, just as the grape varieties were over the Halwany variety in the average protein and phosphorus concentrations. The Black Khalili variety also outperformed the Halwany and Kamali varieties in zinc content and carbohydrate percentage. In leaf petioles, nitrogen content increased significantly after foliar application of Nauta organic fertilizer at 250 mg l-1. In addition to the superiority of foliar spraying at 500 mg l-1 of the same fertilizer in main stem carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus, and iron in leaf petioles. Foliar spraying with gibberellic acid, especially at a concentration of 100 mg l-1, led to a significant increase in the average of protein and the concentration of phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron in the leaf petioles.
Effect of Spraying with an Extract of Roselle and Salicylic Acid on the Chemical Properties of Two Green Onion Cultivars (Allium Cepa L.)
Authors: Abboud Doaa Abbas , Kazem Maysoon Musa , Hajji Jamil Hassan
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter agricultural season 2022-2023 at the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture / University of Basra, Karma Ali, with the aim of studying spraying with roselle extract and salicylic acid and the interaction between them in the chemical characteristics of two varieties of green onions. The experiment included two factors, two varieties of onions (local white and local red) and seven concentrations of spraying three with roselle extract, which are (5, 10, 20) g. L-1 and three with salicylic acid (100, 150, 200) mg. L-1, in addition to the measurement treatment, by three sprays, between one spray and another, 10 days. It was carried out as a one-time split factorial experiment according to the randomized complete block design with three replications, and the medium means of the treatments were compared using the least significant difference at the level of probability 0.05. It was also found that there was no difference between the two cultivars in the content of the leaves of potassium, and the plants that were sprayed with roselle extract at a concentration of 20 mg excelled. L-1 in the aforementioned traits, except for the potassium content of the leaves, where the plants sprayed with roselle extract at a concentration of 10 mg were superior. L-1, as well as red onion plants that were sprayed with roselle extract at a concentration of 20 mg. L-1 showed significant superiority in leaves content of total chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus and protein percentage, while the leaves of red onion plants sprayed with roselle extract at a concentration of 10 mg were superior. L-1 in potassium content compared to the control treatment.
Effect of Salt Concentration on Three Cultivars of Gerbera jamesonii
Authors: Al-Saedi Noora J. J. , Al-Ameri Lamiaa K. J.
Published: December 2023

The research was carried out in the laboratory for plant tissue culture, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, in 2021. First, Four Explants (seeds, roots, shoot-tips, and clumps), which were laboratory germinated from seeds of Gerbera jamesonii cultivars (red, white, and orange), were cultured after sterilizing with five concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, and 50%) of bleach containing 6 % of sodium hypochlorite NaOCl to investigate the best concentration of the bleach, as well as the best Explant to be used for multiplication. Second, according to the results of the sterilization experiment, shoot tips were cultured in media containing the growth regulators NAA at four concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5ppm) and BA at four concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 ppm) to find the best combination for obtaining the best result. The treatment BA3 NAA0.5 was superior, producing the highest number of leaves (37.2, 36.9, and 28.1) in the three cultivars (red, white, and orange, respectively). Third, four salt concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) of NaCl were added to the culture media to investigate the plant salt tolerance. Results showed a decline in the number of leaves, as well as the weight of both fresh and dry leaves, affected by the salt concentration increase of all the three studied cultivars; however, the white cultivar was superior in tolerating salt compared to the other two cultivars.
Effect of Spraying with Coconut Liquid and Yeast Extract on Vegetative Growth Traits of Citrus rootstock (Citrus aurantium and Volkameriana)
Authors: Al-Muhanna Hawra Fayez , Al-Rubaei Susan Mohammed , Hassan Manar Abd Falhe
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted in the plant canopy at Horticulture and Landscape Department, College of Agriculture / University of Kerbala, Iraq for the period from mid-February to the end of June 2023 using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) as a factorial experiment with three factors: citrus rootstock (Citrus aurantium and Volkameriana) and coconut liquid extract with three concentrations of (0, 100, 200) ml L-1 and dry yeast extract in three concentrations (0, 4, 8) g L-1 and with three replications. The most important results indicated the superiority of the Volkameriana rootstock in most of the studied growth characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight), while the treatment of coconut liquid 200 ml L-1, as well as the treatment of dry yeast extract with a concentration of 8 g L-1 achieved a significant superiority for the above studied traits and gave the highest rates. The two-way interaction treatment between (rootstock and coconut liquid) and (rootstock + dry yeast extract) not a significant, as for and (coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved the highest rates in most of the studied traits. The triple interaction treatment (Volkameriana rootstock + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved significant superiority in most of the studied growth characteristics (seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight). While the triple overlap treatment (Citrus aurantium + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved the highest rate of relative moisture content of the leaves, as it gave the highest rates (38.833 cm, 4.2033 mm, 78.667 leaves seedlings-1, 2398.67 cm2, 37.863 g seedlings-1) (70.3 15%, respectively.
Chemical Response of Citrus Rootstocks to Spraying with Coconut Liquid and Dry Yeast Extract
Authors: Al-Muhanna Hawra Fayez , Al-Rubaei Susan Mohammed , Hassan Manar Abd Falhe
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted in the plant canopy at Horticulture and Landscape Department, College of Agriculture / University of Kerbala, Iraq for the period from mid-February to the end of June 2023 using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) as a factorial experiment with three factors: citrus rootstock (Citrus aurantium and Volkameriana) and coconut liquid extract with three concentrations of (0, 100, 200) ml L-1 and dry yeast extract in three concentrations (0, 4, 8) g L-1 and with three replications. The most important results indicated the superiority of the Volkameriana rootstock in most of the studied growth characteristics (N %, P%, K%, carbohydrate %, chlorophyll content), while the treatment of coconut liquid 200 ml L-1, as well as the treatment of dry yeast extract with a concentration of 8 g L-1 achieved a significant superiority for the above studied traits and gave the highest rates. The two-way interaction treatment between (Volkameriana rootstock + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1) and (Volkameriana rootstock + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) and (coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved the highest rates in all of the studied traits. The triple interaction treatment (Volkameriana rootstock + coconut liquid 200 ml L-1 + dry yeast extract at a concentration of 8 g L-1) achieved significant superiority in all the studied growth characteristics (N %, P %, K %, carbohydrate content, and leaf chlorophyll content), as it gave the highest rates of (2.1117%, 0.6867%, 1.9700%, 19.9570%, 4.999 mg. fresh weight-1) respectively.
The Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Moringa Leaves Extract on the Content of some Compounds and Nutrients in Olive Leaves
Authors: Mohammed Huda M. , Ismaeal Ali A.
Published: December 2023

The study was Conducted in the Orchard of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering at the College of Agriculture-University of Anbar for the season 2021-2022 on Olive Trees, cv. K18, at the age of 8 years, to find out the effect of adding Organic fertilizer at levels H0 without addition and H1, adding Humic acid at a Concentration of 10 g L-1 and H2, adding poultry waste at a level of 8 kg Tree-1 and the addition of NPK in three Concentrations N0 without addition and N1 concentration of 50g Tree-1 and N2 Concentration of 100g Tree-1 and spraying with Moringa Leaves extract with two concentrations M0 without spraying and M1 spraying with a concentration of 4% in the Content of Olive tree Leaves of some compounds and nutrients. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three Replications. The results showed the significant superiority of the Treatment of adding poultry waste at the level of 8kg Tree-1 in the Leaves Content of Total Phenols 105.59%, Phenol Oleuropein 92.03%, Nitrogen 1.585%, Phosphorus 0.119%, Potassium 0.831% and Magnesium 0.234%. and Calcium amounted to 1.239%, and the Treatment of adding Chemical fertilizer with a concentration of 100g Tree-1 excelled in all studied traits. As for spraying with Moringa Leaves extract, there were significant differences in the Leaves’ Content of compounds and nutrients. As for the binary and triple interactions between the study factors, they were There are significant differences in most of the studied traits.
Response of Pomegranate Trees to Herd Manure Addition and Spraying with Fulvic Acid and Brassinolide
Authors: Assi Nooruldeen N. , Zahwan Thamer Abdullah
Published: December 2023

This experiment was conducted on “Salemy” pomegranate cultivar, ten years old, in two private orchards in Tikrit, village of Albu Hayaa’a, and governorate of Kirkuk - Hawija district, village of Suleiman al-Gharb, for agricultural season 2022, to study the effects of adding herd waste, fulvic acid spraying, and growth regulator Brassinolide on vegetative growth, yield, leaves, and kernels’ nutrient content. The experiment was applied with three factors; first factor is addition of herd waste (O) and in three levels is without the addition of (O0) and addition of 5 kg.tree-1 (O5) and addition of 10 kg.tree-1 (O10), second factor is spraying fulvic acid (F) with two concentrations, without spraying (F0) and a concentration of 4 g.L-1 (F4), and third factor is spraying with three concentrations of plant growth regulator brassinolide (B), without spraying (B0) and 0.15 mg.L-1 (B0.15) and a concentration of 0.3 mg.L-1 (B0.3). The treatments were designed as a factorial experiment according to randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications and one tree for one experimental unit. The experimental results showed that herd manure fertilizers at 10 kg.Tree-1(O10) significantly increased in shoot length of 55.44 and 72.47 cm, highest leaf area of 6.28 and 7.55 cm2, leaf nitrogen content of 1.522 and 1.594 % and highest leaf phosphor content of 0.357 and 0.430 %, for locations of Tikrit and Hawija, respectively. Results also showed that fulvic acid spray especially at 4 g.L-1 (F4), showed significant superiority in increased in shoot length of 54.97 and 69.23 cm, leaf area of 6.21 and 7.24 cm2, leaf nitrogen content of 1.516 and 1.596 % and leaf phosphor content of 0.351 and 0.412 % for locations of Tikrit and Hawija, respectively. Brassinolide spray also affected, especially spraying at 0.3 mg.L-1 and gave highest increasing of shoot length of 54.84 and 73.73 cm, highest leaf area of 6.19 and 7.78 cm2, leaf nitrogen content of 1.547 and 1.627 % and highest leaf phosphor content of 0.377 and 0.439 % for locations of Tikrit and Hawija, respectively. Twice and triple interactions between study factors had a significant effect in these traits.
The Antibacterial Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Tribulus terrestris Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Aldujaily Ali Hussein , Hatem Abdulameer Abid , Hassoon Kifah Fadhil
Published: December 2023

The current study’s goal is to employ Tribulus terrestris aqueous floral extracts to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and test their antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolated from otitis externa in dogs. Biological nanoparticle synthesis is gaining popularity over chemical and physical processes due to its cost-efficiency and environmental friendliness. Silver nanoparticles were made by mixing Tribulus terrestris plant extract with 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution (AgNPs). UV-Visible spectrophotometry revealed the biosynthetic nanoparticles’ maximum absorbance peak at wave lengths (410nm). The SEM was spherical and homogenous in shape, with a size range of 20 to 25 nm. The XRD indicated that the size of AgNPs was 50.21 nm. EDS was utilized to determine the presence of silver element. The AFM revealed the three-dimensional structure of silver nanoparticles with a diameter of 60.17 nm on average. The Zeta potential of the particle size analyzer was 45 mV. It was observed that as the concentration of AgNPs Increased, so did the size of the inhibition zone; (150μg/ml) exhibited a larger inhibition zone (32mm) than when using concentrations of 100μg/ml, 50μg/ml, and 25μg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, biosynthesized AgNPs generated from Tribulus terrestris demonstrate potent antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from otitis externa in dogs.
The Combined Effect of Bio-Stimulants and Antioxidants on The Qualitative, Chemical Characteristics on Essential Oil of Soybean
Authors: Al –Fahdawi Sura A. , Mustafa Sala B. Ismael
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted in 2022 at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriyah, with the aim of determination of the amount of bio-stimulants and antioxidants to produce the best chemical content of oil with a good percentage of protein in comparison with the seed yield, oil, antioxidant compounds, and oxidative activity of soybean seeds. The experiment was conducted according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and their interactions, and three replicates. The first factor included three levels of bio-stimulants (without spraying, 2 g L-1 humic acid, and 2 g L-1 folic acid), while the second factor included three levels of antioxidants (without spraying, 100 mg L-1 ascorbic acid, and 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid). Both factors were sprayed on the vegetative growth after one month of planting, and after one month of the first spray, during branch initiation stage, and at 50% flowering stage. The results showed that treatment with 2 g L-1 folic acid was superior in protein ratio (27.10%), total antioxidant capacity (42.90%), inhibition of free radicals (9.69%), and seed content of flavonoids (24.93 mg kg-1 dry weight). Antioxidants also affected most of the measured traits, especially 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid, which showed an increase in protein percent (25.51%), total antioxidant capacity (30.14%), inhibition of free radicals (8.40%), and flavonoid content (21.45 mg kg-1 dry weight). The combined treatment of 2 g L-1 folic acid and 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid was significant in protein ratio (27.34%), percentage of inhibition of free radicals (9.90%), total antioxidant capacity (55.00%), seed content of flavonoids (43.30 mg kg-1 dry weight), and in increasing the percentage of the effective area of the essential oil compounds, as determined by GC-MS analysis.
Effect of Individual and Synergistic Addition of Moringa Oliveira Seeds and Leaves Powder to Broiler Diets in some Physiological and Microbial Traits and Oxidation Indicators
Authors: Al-Khafaji M. S. L. , Al-Hammed S. A. M.
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted at the poultry farm\Abu Ghraib, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, for the period from 12-10-2022 to 22-11-2022 for 42 days to study the effect of individual and synergistic addition of Moringa oleifera seeds and leaves powder to broiler diets on some physiological and microbial traits. 210 commercial broiler chicks (Ross-308) one day old unsexed, randomly distributed to seven treatments with three replicates 10 birds each replicate and the treatments were contained: T1 (control treatment) without additive, T2: 1% seeds powder, T3: 2% seeds powder, T4: 1% leaves powder, T5: 2% leaves powder, T6: 0.5% seeds powder + 0.5 leaves powder, T7: 1% seeds powder + 1% leaves powder. The results indicated that no significant differences appeared between all the parameters in the biochemical characteristics of blood lipids, while the addition treatments recorded a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the value of peroxide (P.V) and in the value of malondialdehyde (MDA) and free fatty acids (FFA) in the liver compared to the control treatment. As well as a significant increase (P≤0.05) was observed for the numbers of beneficial bacteria for the T5 bird group compared to the control treatment, T5 recorded a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the numbers of harmful bacteria compared to the control treatment. It can be concluded that adding individually and synergistically Moringa oleifera seeds and leaves powder to broiler diets improves some of the immune and microbial traits.
Effect of Lycopene Compared to Vitamin C Added to Diets of Broilers Exposed to Stress and Its Impact on Physiological Performance
Authors: Muhammed Rusol Jamal , Shanoun Ammar Qahtan , Mustafa Nidhal Abdulghani
Published: December 2023

From July 20, 2022, to August 24, 2022, this study was done in the chicken grounds of Kosar chicken Company - Erbil. The experiment lasted for 65 days (35 field days and 30 lab days) and examined the effectiveness of lycopene and vitamin C at mitigating the negative effects of heat stress on productivity and health. for roasting. The Ross 308 broiler chicks utilized were one day old, sexless, and weighed 42 g each. The Kosar Poultry Company provided the chicks. These chicks were raised in a room with a mattress on the floor in 15-by-1-meter enclosures. Chicks were randomly assigned to one of five treatments, each with three replications and eight birds per replication, using sawdust with a thickness of 5 centimeters. The following experimental treatments were used, with repetitions spread randomly beginning on day one: Diet alone (T1) is the initial course of treatment. T2: 1 g of lycopene per kilogram of body weight. T3: 2 g of lycopene per kilogram of body weight. Fourth treatment (T4): 1 g of lycopene per kilogram of feed with 25 milligrams of vitamin C per kilogram of feed, in accordance with current recommendations. The results showed that the concentration of globulin and albumin in the addition treatments were significantly superior to the control treatment (P≤0.05), and this was especially true for the fifth treatment (T5), which was a mixture of lycopene at a rate of 2 g / kg with vitamin C according to the standard recommendations of 25 mg / kg of feed. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and total protein levels all showed no statistically significant differences. When comparing the addition treatments to the control treatment, liver enzyme activity was found to be significantly lower in the addition treatments (P≤ 0.05).
Effect of Planting Dates on Yield Traits and Its Components for Genotypes of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sabri Zahraa Abdul Rahman , Altaweel Mohammed Subhi , Al-Zubaidy Khalid Mohammed Dawod
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture and Forestry University of Mosul for the autumn season 2022-2023, and 10 genotypes were used, namely (DR-F-53, MA-F-53, H-4, DKC-F-59, IK-58, ZP-595, POL-F-6, SYM-F-53, MY-F-53 and SYN-F-54) and the experiment was a The Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) was used with three replicates and the first factor was the genotypes, which are (10) and the second factor is three dates, which are (July 23, August 30 and August 6), and the traits of studied (date of tasseling, date of silking, number of ears per plant, number of grains per ear, weight of 500 grains, single plant production). The results of the variance analysis table showed that the genotypes, dates and interaction between them were significant and for all traits. For the first factor of genotypes superior the genotype (9) for the traits of date of tasseling and silking and the weight of 500 grains and superiority of the genotype (1) for the traits of the number of grains per ear and the single plant production and for agricultural dates exceed the first date for the traits date of tasseling and the number of ears and the weight of 500 grains and the single plant production and the interaction the genotypes and agricultural dates superior the genotype (9) for the traits of male flowering and single plant production.
Antifugall Activity and Qualitative Phytochemical Investigation of Spirogyra Aequinoctialis Hexanic Extract in Iraq
Authors: Khaleel Thaer H. , Dwaish Ahmed S.
Published: December 2023

The hexanic extract of the Chlorophyta macroalgae Spirogyra aequinoctialis was tested in vitro for its antifungal effects against several different Candida species at four different concentrations. The huge number of these macroalgae made them an obvious choice to promote environmentally friendly economic growth and resource exploitation. Since the macroalgae studied exhibited many antifungal properties, they may be of interest to programs looking to screen cheaper and safer alternatives to currently available natural antimicrobial agents. In comparison to the other algal extracts tested, the hexanic extract showed the most activity. However, not all algae extracts demonstrated detectable inhibitory activities, and a few even promoted the growth of certain fungi. Candida albicans was one of the fungal species examined, and its reactions to the algal extract ranged from positive to negative, depending on the particular fungal and algal species used, as well as the concentration of extract. Intriguingly, compared to the patented antifungal drugs (Nystatin and Clotrimazole), the antifungal potential of several algae extracts was significantly stronger. This study provides further evidence that a hexanic extract of the macroalgae Spirogyra aequinoctialis can be used as a source of antibacterial chemical and may provide a foundation for promising future applied research into the usage of algae.
Evaluation of the Productive Traits of Genotypes of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by the Effect of Seeding Rate
Authors: Sharqi Omer R. , Anees Ahmed H. A. , Ali Husham S.
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out in the Tikrit Research Department - Agricultural Research Department - Ministry of Agriculture in the season 2021-2022 in order to know the effect of four seed rates (100, 120, 140 and 160 kg h-1) with fifteen genotypes of barley (Ibaa99, Alhadar, Alkheer, Alwarkaa, Buraq, Amal, Shuaa, Rehan, Samir, Arevate, Acsad 1811, Acsad 1816, Acsad 1818, Acsad 1827, Acsad 1840). The experiment was applied according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split plot system, as the (S) occupied the main plots and the (G) occupied the secondary plots, with three replications,. The results showed that the seed rate (120 kg h-1) differed significantly from the other seed rates, thus achieving the best averages for the number of seeds of spike-1, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, harvest index, and grain protein content, and achieved the seed rate 100 kg h-1 in giving the lowest lodging. The performance of the genotypes was significant, The cultivar Arevate also gave the highest average plant height, No. of tillers m-2, No. of spikes m-2, biological yield, The genotype Acsad 1840 gave the lowest index of lodging and the highest grain yield. The interaction between (G*S) achieved significant differences, It gave the seed rate 100 kg h-1 with the Acsad 1840 less lodging and with the Acsad 1816 had the highest number of tillers m-2 and with the Acsad 1811 the highest weight of 1000 seeds, The seed rate 120 kg h-1 with Alwarkaa cultivar achieved the highest number of grains in the spike, and with the combination Acsad 1816 the highest yield of grains, and with the genotype Acsad 1811 the highest percentage of protein in the seeds.
Effect Seed Soaking of Moringa Leaf Extract on Grain Yield and its Component of Three Bread Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Bunder Sura Jasim
Published: December 2023

The experiment was carried out at Research Station of College of Agriculture Engineering University of Baghdad/AL-Jadiriya during 2022-2023 season to study the effect of seed soaking with Moringa leaf extract (MLE) on grain yield and its component of three bread wheat cultivars. A split-plots arrangement according to RCBD was used with three replications. The first factor was bread wheat cultivars (Rasheed, Buhooth 22, Buhooth 10) as a main plots, and the second factor was soaking of wheat seeds with three concentrations (1%, 3%, 5% in addition to 0% tap water as control) as sub-plots. The results showed that cultivar Rasheed gave highest means for number of spikes (388m-2), number of spikelets (23.49 spikelets spike-1), weight of 1000 grain (40.55 g), and grain yield (4.012 t h-1). In addition, the results showed that soak wheat seeds with 3% gave highest means for number of spikelets (23.08 spikelets spike-1), number of grains per spike (51.07 grains spikes-1), weight of 1000 grain (41.71g) and grain yield (4.255 t h-1). The interaction between cultivars and MLE concentrations it was significant in all studied traits except for the number of spikes.