bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Associate students’ perceptions of factors that influence their developing professional identity: A Qualitative Study.
Authors: Mgobozi Aviwe , Namee Lakshini Mc , Couper Ian
Published: May 2022

Background
New cadres of clinicians, known as clinical associates, physician assistants, or clinical officers have evolved globally within many health systems to broaden access to care by increasing the availability of human resources. The training of such mid-level health workers targets knowledge acquisition, clinical skills, and developing the characteristics required of healthcare professionals. Less formal educational attention has been focused on the process of developing personal and professional identities.
Method
This study utilized a qualitative interpretivist approach to explore professional identity development. A convenient sample of 42 clinical associate students at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg were interviewed using focus groups to explore their perceptions of factors that influenced their professional identity formation. A semi-structured interview guide was used in six focus group discussions, involving 22 first-year and 20 third-year students. The transcriptions from the focus group audio recordings were thematically analyzed.
Results
The multi-dimensional and complex factors that were identified were organized into three overarching themes, identified as individual factors which derive from personal needs and aspirations, training-related factors consisting of influences from the academic platforms, and lastly student perceptions of the collective identity of the clinical associate profession influenced their developing professional identity.
Conclusion
The newness of the identity of the profession in South Africa has contributed to a dissonance in student identities. The study recognizes an opportunity for strengthening the identity of the clinical associate profession in South Africa through improving educational platforms to limit barriers to identity development and effectively enhancing the role and integration of the profession in the healthcare system. This can be achieved by increasing stakeholder advocacy, communities of practice, inter-professional education, and visibility of role models.
Anti-inflammatory effects of salbutamol on human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by cigarette smoke extract
Authors: Gouveia Gustavo Cintra , Sousa Henrique Ismarsi , Salermo Bruno Sada , Pereira Aline Beatriz Mahler , Santos Wanessa Maria dos , Silva Paulo Roberto da , Uddin Mohib , Rogério Alexandre de Paula
Published: May 2022

Cigarette smoking, the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), induces activation of pro-inflammatory pathways in the airway epithelium. Salbutamol, a selective and short-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist, is used for bronchospasm relief in patients with asthma and COPD. In addition, salbutamol also present anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we evaluated whether salbutamol (10-5-10- 7 M) can reduce on bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) the inflammatory parameters induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE; 1%). After 24h, Salbutamol reduced the IL-1β production induced by CSE in a concentration-response manner. Salbutamol (10-6 M) reduced the IL-8 production and increased the IL-10 production on CSE-stimulated cells. In addition, salbutamol (10-6 M) decreased the ICAM-1 expression and the reactive oxygen species production. These anti-inflammatory effects could be associated with the down regulation of activation of NF-κB. Salbutamol may be a potential alternative treatment to airway inflammation caused by cigarette smoking such as in COPD patients.
Are HOMA-IR and HOMA-B good predictors for diabetes and pre- diabetes subtypes?
Authors: Khayamzadeh Marjan , Moeini Ali Siamak Habibi , Kohansal Karim , Ahanchi Noushin Sadat , Hadaegh Farzad , Tohidi Maryam , Azizi Fereidoun , Khalili Davood
Published: May 2022

Background: To investigate the association between Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta-cell function (HOMA-B) with the incidence of diabetes and pre-diabetes subtypes.Methods: A total of 3101 normoglycemic people aged 20-70 years were included in the 6-year follow-up study. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate the incidence possibility of isolated Impaired Fasting Glucose (iIFG), isolated Impaired Glucose Tolerance (iIGT), Combined impaired fasting glucose & impaired glucose tolerance (CGI), and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) per standard deviation (SD) increment in HOMA-IR and HOMA-B in the crude and multivariable model. Results: In the multivariate model, per unit SD increase in HOMA-IR increased the odds of iIFG, iIGT, CGI, and DM by 43%, 42%, 75%, and 92%, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the increase in HOMA-B and incidence of iIGT; however, after adjusting the results for metabolic syndrome components, it was inversely correlated with the incidence of iIFG [Odds Ratio = 0.86(0.75-0.99)]. Conclusions: HOMA-IR is positively correlated with diabetes and pre-diabetes subtypes’ incidence, and HOMA-B is inversely correlated with the incidence of iIFG but positively correlated with iIGT incidence. However, none of these alone is a good criterion for predicting diabetes and pre-diabetes.
metaSpectraST: an unsupervised and database-independent analysis workflow for metaproteomic MS/MS data using spectrum clustering
Authors: Hao Chunlin , Elias Joshua E. , Lee Patrick K. H. , Lam Henry
Published: May 2022

Background: The high diversity and complexity of the microbial community make it a formidable challenge to identify and quantify the large number of proteins expressed in the community. Conventional metaproteomics approaches largely rely on accurate identification of the MS/MS spectra to their corresponding short peptides in the digested samples, followed by protein inference and subsequent taxonomic and functional analysis of the detected proteins. These approaches are dependent on the availability of protein sequence databases derived either from metagenomic sequencing of the same sample, or from public repositories. Due to the incompleteness or imperfections of these protein sequence databases, and the preponderance of homologous proteins expressed by different bacterial species in the community, this computational process of peptide identification and protein inference is challenging and error-prone, which hinders the comparison of metaproteomes across multiple samples. Results: We developed metaSpectraST, an unsupervised and database-independent workflow to analyze metaproteomic samples by clustering experimentally observed MS/MS spectra based on their spectral similarity. We applied metaSpectraST to fecal samples collected from littermates of two different mother mice right after weaning. Quantitative proteome profiles of the microbial communities of different mice could be obtained without peptide identification, and used to evaluate the overall similarity between samples and highlight any differentiating markers. Compared to the conventional database-dependent metaproteomics analysis, metaSpectraST is more successful in classifying the samples and detecting the subtle microbiome changes of mouse gut microbiomes post-weaning. metaSpectraST could also be used as a tool for selecting the suitable biological replicates from samples with wide inter-individual variation. Conclusions: metaSpectraST enables rapid profiling of metaproteomic samples without the need for constructing the protein sequence database or identification of the MS/MS spectra. It maximally preserves information contained in the experimental MS/MS spectra by clustering all of them first, and thus is able to better profile the complex microbial communities and highlight their functional changes, as compared with conventional approaches.
The effect of inflammation and oxidative stress on DNA damage in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Tepebaşı Muhammet Yusuf , İlhan İlter , Temal Esra Nurlu , Sancer Okan , Öztürk Önder
Published: May 2022

Background: COVID-19 disease, which spreads all over the world, is a disease characterized by widespread inflammation and affects many organs, especially the lungs. The resulting inflammation can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen radicals, leading to oxidative DNA damage.Methods and Results: Pneumonia severity of a total of 95 hospitalized patients with positive RT-PCR test was determined and divided into three groups mild, moderate, and severe/critical. Inflammation markers (Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, serum reactive protein, procalcitonin, etc.) were determined, and IL-10 and IF γ measurements were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. In the evaluation of oxidative damage, total thiol, native thiol, disulfide, and IMA levels were determined by measuring spectrophotometrically. The percentage of tail DNA obtained by the comet assay method was used to determine oxidative DNA damage. As a result, when mild and severe/critical groups were compared, we found that total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels decreased significantly in the severe/critical group due to the increase in inflammation markers and cytokine levels (p <0.05). We could not detect any significance in IMA levels between the groups (p> 0.05). At the same time, we determined that there was an increase in the tail DNA percent level, that is, DNA damage, due to the increased oxidative effect.Conclusion: As a result, we found that increased inflammation and reactive oxygen species due to the increase in pneumonia increased in those with severe and severe pneumonia, which in turn damaged DNA. We think that it would be useful to follow up on the DNA damage in these patients in terms of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer development.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 subvariants evolved to extend antibody evasion
Authors: Ho David , Wang Qian , Guo Yicheng , Iketani Sho , Li Zhiteng , Mohri Hiroshi , Wang Maple , Yu Jian , Bowen Anthony , Chang Jennifer , Shah Jayesh , Nguyen Nadia , Meyers Kathrine , Yin Michael , Sobieszczyk Magdalena , Sheng Zizhang , Huang Yaoxing , Liu Lihong
Published: May 2022

The Omicron subvariant BA.2 accounts for a large majority of the SARS-CoV-2 infection worldwide today. However, its recent descendants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have surged dramatically to become dominant in the United States and South Africa, respectively. That these novel Omicron subvariants carry additional mutations in their spike proteins raises concerns that they may further evade neutralizing antibodies, thereby further compromising the efficacy of our COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic monoclonals. We now report findings from a systematic antigenic analysis of these surging Omicron subvariants. BA.2.12.1 is only modestly (1.8-fold) more resistant to sera from vaccinated and boosted individuals than BA.2. On the other hand, BA.4/5 is substantially (4.2-fold) more resistant and thus more likely to lead to vaccine breakthrough infections. Mutation at spike residue L452 found in both BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 facilitates escape from some antibodies directed to the so-called Class 2 and Class 3 regions of the receptor-binding domain (RBD). The F486V mutation found in BA.4/5 facilitates escape from certain Class 1 and Class 2 antibodies to the RBD but compromises the spike affinity for the cellular receptor ACE2. The R493Q reversion mutation, however, restores receptor affinity and consequently the fitness of BA.4/5. Among therapeutic antibodies authorized for clinical use, only bebtelovimab (LY-COV1404) retains full potency against both BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5. The Omicron lineage of SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, successively yielding subvariants that are not only more transmissible but also more evasive to antibodies.
A Pragmatic Context Assessment Tool (pCAT): Using a think aloud method to develop a practical assessment of contextual barriers to change
Authors: Robinson Claire , Damschroder Laura J.
Published: May 2022

Background: The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is a determinant framework that can be used to guide context assessment prior to implementing change. Though a few quantitative measurement instruments have been developed based on the CFIR, most assessments using the CFIR have relied on qualitative methods. One challenge to measurement is to translate conceptual constructs which are often described using highly abstract, technical language into lay language that is clear, concise, and meaningful yet generalizable. The purpose of this study was to develop a pragmatic quantitative context assessment tool based on the CFIR for use by frontline teams in a clinical setting. Methods: Twenty-seven interviews based on the Think Aloud (TA) method (asking participants to verbalize thoughts as they respond to assessment questions) were conducted with frontline employees to identify areas of disconnect, misinterpretation, and misunderstanding of assessment questions. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. CFIR constructs were deductively applied as codes. Results: Participants identified several areas where language in the assessment tool needed to be modified, clarified, or made more nuanced and thus more useful and applicable for frontline employees. Participants found it easier to respond to elements in the tool when they had a recent, specific project in mind. They found it much more difficult to give meaningful responses when being asked to answer questions based on an abstract, general change; barriers and facilitators tend to be unique to each specific implementation. Participants also identified new concepts they felt were missing from the tool or that were conflated, leading to refinements that made the tool more comprehensive, accurate, and useful. Conclusions: Quantitative context assessment instruments must be designed to be practical and better align with everyday language used by frontline employees. The pCAT is short (14 items), freely available, uses accessible language, requires little proficiency or experience in assessment, and is designed to draw on the expertise and knowledge of individuals most familiar with their own clinical context. If rapid assessment tools are to have wide-spread use and utility, technical implementation science language must be translated using everyday language so frontline employees can capture accurate assessments of their context.
Exercise is good for the brain but getting outside is even better: Evidence from human brain wave data.
Authors: Boere Katherine , Lloyd Kelsey , Binsted Gordon , Krigolson Olave
Published: May 2022

It is well known that exercise increases cognitive function. However, the exercise environment may be just as important as the exercise itself. Indeed, time spent in natural outdoor environments has been found to lead to similar increases in cognition as those that come about as a result of exercise. The benefits of both exercise and outdoors suggest an additive impact on brain function when both factors are combined. This raises the question: Is exercise or environment more influential on cognitive function? We answered this question by using electroencephalography to probe cognitive function before and after brief indoor and outdoor walks. Our results demonstrate an increase in a neural response associated with attention and working memory following a 15-minute walk outside than was not seen following a 15-minute walk inside. Importantly, this finding indicates that the environment plays a more substantial role in increasing cognitive function than exercise, at least in acute exercise (i.e., a brief walk). Understanding the impact of time spent in nature on brain function is critical to supporting future infrastructure that aims to reduce the effect of a society spending more and more time indoors.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of wall thermal conductivity on the flame stability and combustion characteristics of a millimeter-scale system with a cavity structure
Authors: Chen Junjie
Published: May 2022

Cavities can serve to stabilize a flame in the operation of a combustion system. However, the precise mechanism underlying the stabilizing effect of the cavity method remains unclear. This study relates to the combustion characteristics and flame stability of a millimeter-scale system with a cavity structure. Numerical simulations are conducted using computational fluid dynamics to gain insights into the performance of the millimeter-scale combustion system such as temperatures, reaction rates, species concentrations, and flames. The effect of wall thermal conductivity on flame stability is investigated. The factors affecting combustion characteristics and flame stability are determined. Design recommendations are provided. The results indicate that the cavity structure prevents quenching at sub-millimetric dimensions to enable self-sustained combustion on a micro-scale. The thermal conductivity of the burner walls plays a vital role in flame stability. Improvements in flame stability are achievable by using walls with anisotropic thermal conductivity. Heat-insulating materials are favored to minimize external heat losses. The walls have chemical characteristics which prevent chemical quenching of the flame at the walls. The walls stay hot and thermal quenching of a flame that is created can be avoided. To prevent such thermal quenching, the material forming the wall surfaces must be able to endure and sustain high temperatures. The material must minimize heat loss so that the walls do not remove heat from the combustion chamber of the millimeter-scale system.
New diagnosis for hepatocellular carcinoma via hsa_circ_0097009
Authors: Wang Xue , Peng Tingwei , Xu Limin , Lu Zuohua , Liu Qianqian , Li Beibei , Wang Yufang , Liu Xinghui
Published: May 2022

Background: Although circular RNA takes a key part in the regulation of cancer, its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still unclear. This study investigated the diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of hsa-circ-0097009 in HCC. Methods: RT-PCR assay was performed to detect the presence of hsa-circ-0097009 in plasma collected from 30 HCC patients and 30 healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Cox regression, and Kaplan–Meier curve analyses were applied to evaluate the clinical diagnostic and prognostic values of hsa-circ-0097009. Results: The experimental data suggested that hsa-circ-0097009 expression of HCC plasma and cell lines is upregulated. The plasma hsa-circ-0097009 level of HCC patients was linked to tumor diameter (P=0.026) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) expression level (P=0.019). ROC curve reflected that the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma hsa-circ-0097009 to distinguish HCC from healthy controls was 0.8442 (95% CI=0.7654-0.923), the sensitivity was 0.9779 and the specificity was 0.7111. In addition, the plasma of hsa-circ-0097009 level decreased markedly after surgery to remove the tumor. Moreover, the plasma of hsa-circ-0097009 level of HCC patients was increased compared with healthy controls (P<0.0001) and hepatitis B patients. The AUC of plasma hsa-circ-0097009 to distinguish HCC from healthy controls and hepatitis B patients were 0.9368 (95 percent CI=0.8874-0.9862) and 0.9067 (95 percent CI=0.8439-0.9695), respectively, with the same sensitivity 0.9779 and the same specificity 0.6889. Furthermore, the AUC value of hsa-circ-0097009 combined with AFP for distinguishing HCC from healthy controls was 0.9822 (95 percent CI=0.9682-0.9961), with the sensitivity 0.9889 and specificity 0.667. The plasma hsa-circ-0097009 low expression group had a considerably longer overall survival (OS) than the high expression group.Conclusion: The study suggests that hsa-circ-0097009 could be used as a new potential biomarker in diagnoses and prognoses of HCC patients.
Softening online extremes organically and at scale
Authors: Johnson Neil , Restrepo Elvira Maria , Moreno Martin , Illari Lucia
Published: May 2022

Calls are escalating for social media platforms to do more to mitigate extreme online communities whose views can lead to real-world harms, e.g., mis/disinformation and distrust that increased Covid-19 fatalities, and now extend to monkeypox, unsafe baby formula alternatives, cancer, abortions, and climate change; white replacement that inspired the 2022 Buffalo shooter and will likely inspire others; anger that threatens elections, e.g., 2021 U.S. Capitol attack; notions of male supremacy that encourage abuse of women; anti-Semitism, anti-LGBQT hate and QAnon conspiracies. But should 'doing more' mean doing more of the same, or something different? If so, what? Here we start by showing why platforms doing more of the same will not solve the problem. Specifically, our analysis of nearly 100 million Facebook users entangled over vaccines and now Covid and beyond, shows that the extreme communities' ecology has a hidden resilience to Facebook's removal interventions; that Facebook's messaging interventions are missing key audience sectors and getting ridiculed; that a key piece of these online extremes' narratives is being mislabeled as incorrect science; and that the threat of censorship is inciting the creation of parallel presences on other platforms with potentially broader audiences. We then demonstrate empirically a new solution that can soften online extremes organically without having to censor or remove communities or their content, or check or correct facts, or promote any preventative messaging, or seek a consensus. This solution can be automated at scale across social media platforms quickly and with minimal cost.
Sentiments Analysis Using Tweets
Authors: YASWANTH VANAMA , MATHUR VIDHI , SINGH SNEH
Published: May 2022

Data is a powerful weapon in today’s society, and it can assess if something is a success or a failure. This enables the company to examine its customer base and deliver results as promptly as workable. This concept is known as Sentiment Analysis of Data. Sentimental Analysis can be performed using historical or present data. There are many tools and machine learning approaches available, but most people find that natural language processing is a great tool for assessing data for opinion mining, and machine learning is a great solution if they know how to use it correctly.
Education Mode Reform of Colleges and Universities in Music Teaching under 5G Internet
Authors: Luo Luo
Published: May 2022

A research focusing on the education mode reform of colleges and universities in music teaching under 5G Internet is carried out to better apply 5G (5th generation mobile networks) Internet technology into the education. At first, advantages of 5G Internet are illustrated. Then it introduces characteristics of education informalization. Finally, it combines 5G Internet technology and education perfectly to design concrete scene of 5G in the educative application and conclude innovative application of 5G application in the education. Results suggest, on the basis of 5G Internet technology, education methods of colleges and universities in music teaching have been getting diversified. Especially on the current colleges and universities music class situation, colleges and universities music education puts music culture and music literacy together and deepens the verified exploration on education mode. Teachers on multimedia class extend diversified contents of music education. They gradually present different styles and ideas of music to student, which makes development of music education in broadness and depth and transforms traditional methods of music education. It will be a kind of joy for student to study it on class, which makes them consider more paths to study music. In this way, students can associate music with society development and add their music knowledge to more diversified music contents. In the meantime, application of music-thinking mode in multi-ethnic music learning, overall multi-culture music thinking, improvement of music literacy and enhancement of music culture soft power can be achieved.
EDUCATION, PERSONNEL AND INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT: A PROBLEMATIC ISSUE
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Chita, Tomskikh А.
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the problems of staffing the economy of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. In recent decades, the situation has been aggravated by intensive youth migration from the region. At the level of the federal center, the solution of problems is seen through the use of the tools of the program method laid down in the project "Priority 2030. The Far East". The programmatic approach has dominated in the decisions of authorities at all levels for several decades. However, programs are not always executed. This is especially evident in the development programs of the Far Eastern Federal District of different years. In the presented program, a special mission is assigned to the system of vocational education in the region, primarily higher education, which, according to the developers of the document, should become a point of growth of the stated priorities. The author examines the problems of the regions and universities, in solving the problems he concludes about the inconsistency of the cluster approach tools in the system "production – education – science – innovation/science – business – state». Comparative analysis has shown that the promising economic specializations stated in the "Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030" and university projects are poorly correlated with each other. At the same time, the sectoral and territorial cluster approach has proven itself well in different countries of the world. The latter does not allow considering the conceived projects of universities potentially effective in terms of invested funds and efforts in the development of the Far Eastern Federal District. The designated tasks of staffing the Far Eastern Federal District and migration outflow before the vocational education system cannot be solved without a radical change in approaches to the implementation of the mechanism for building relations in the system "business – state – science – education". It should be based on the sectoral and territorial cluster approach, implemented taking into account promising directions of the scientific and technological development of the country, platforms of the National Technological Initiative and the innovative development of the regions. Otherwise, the goals and tasks of the program "Priority 2030. The Far East" will remain unfulfilled in terms of securing young personnel
The Beginning of a New Electoral Cycle: Prospects and First Results
Authors:   Buryat State University named after D. Banzarov,  Ulan-Ude, Budaev B , Dorzhieva I. ,   Buryat State University named after D. Banzarov,  Ulan-Ude
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to assessing the impact of innovations in electoral competitive processes in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. The purpose of the study is to identify electoral techniques and mechanisms that increase the manageability of regional political processes. The authors draw attention to changes in electoral turnout indicators, for example, the proportion of people who voted "outside". Highlighting against this background the overestimated indicators of the Transbaikal Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region, which indicates the high importance of the administrative resource in the elections. The elections to the State Duma in 2021 became the second in a row after changes were made to the mechanism for its formation, which gives grounds for studying the dynamics of electoral indicators of the correspondence between the results of elections in the majoritarian and proportional parts. Based on the "correspondence index", the authors assess how "stable" the regional party system is in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. On a single voting day in the fall of 2021, elections to the regional parliaments of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District were held: Primorsky and Kamchatka Territories, the Amur Region, the Jewish Autonomous Region and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Against this background, it should be noted the changes made to the scheme for the formation of the parliaments of the Primorsky Territory and the Amur Region. In these subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, the proportion of parliamentarians elected by the proportional part of the electoral system was reduced. According to the authors, this fact made it possible to increase the controllability of the parliament, since it depoliticized it, in addition, due to this, the proportion of people belonging to the faction of the party in power increases, which is largely confirmed by the data on their quantitative composition. Of particular interest in the fall of 2021 was the election of the governor of the Khabarovsk region, at which Acting M.V. Degtyarev had to justify the trust of the federal government. The intrigue of the elections largely consisted in the fact that the main candidates for the post of head did not represent the interests of the party in power and both were “Varangians” in relation to the region. Under such conditions, the federal center, according to the authors, was ready to go to great lengths to stabilize the political regime. A new electoral cycle begins in difficult foreign policy conditions, which, as the authors note, can radically change the situation in the regions of Russia
«DIGITALIZATION»: ON APPROACHES TO DEFINING A DEFINITION IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
Authors:   Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Katrin E.
Published: May 2022

The paper explores approaches to defining the definition of "digitalization" in the following main areas: legal, economic, psychological and pedagogical, as well as social and humanitarian sectors. The author mentions the role and significance of the influence of digitalization on the social relations of our time, analyzes the positions of researchers to determine the semantic content of the definition under consideration. To solve the problems identified in the work, the author highlights the relevance of studying approaches to defining the definition of "digitalization" in political science, applied general theoretical research methods, studied and analyzed the legislative framework of the Russian Federation, the positions of scientists on the significance and impact of digitalization on various spheres of public life. Based on the results of the work carried out by the author on the above issue, conclusions were drawn about the role and significance of digitalization in the 21st century, individual positions of researchers were identified in order to determine the meaning of the term under consideration, distinctive features were identified, and the author's approach to defining the definition of "digitalization" was proposed. In addition, it is proposed to establish this definition at the legislative level. The object of the study is definition of "digitalization". The subject is definition of the content of "digitalization" The purpose of the article is research and analysis definition of the unified content of the definition of "digitalization" in the Russian Federation. Research methodology. In order to achieve these goals and objectives of the study, the author applied general theoretical scientific methods - from analysis to generalization of the scientific base on the consideration of approaches to the concept of "digitalization" in various directions of the designated problem (economic, legal, social, and others). General scientific methods (analysis of the legal and doctrinal framework) are used to research and search for a unified definition of the content of the term "digitalization"
CIRCULATION FACTORS OF FOREST FIRES IN SIBERIA AND YAKUTIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Vologzhina S. , Latysheva I. ,   Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Loshchenko K ,   Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk
Published: May 2022

Natural fires in the northern underdeveloped regions of Russia constitute a significant part of natural emergencies, while about 70-90% of all forest areas covered by fire are recorded in Siberia and Yakutia. These are the regions where the bulk of the boreal forests of Russia are concentrated, which play an important role in the absorption and sequestration of carbon. Global changes, which are seen as an integral result of climate change and anthropogenic activities, are rapidly changing the environment of the boreal forest. In this regard, studies of climatic and circulation factors for the occurrence and spread of forest fires are relevant. The territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Irkutsk Region, the Republic of Buryatia, the Republic (Sakha) of Yakutia and Transbaikalia, which make a significant contribution to the dynamics of forest fires in Russia as a whole, were chosen as objects of study. According to the daily data of FBU "Avialesohrana", the percentage contribution of these regions to the number and area of forest fires that were recorded in Russia from June 1 to September 30 was calculated using the example of 2020 and 2021. Based on the typification of synoptic processes near the Earth's surface and the middle troposphere, according to the daily synoptic maps of the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia, the prevailing types of weather conditions of a high level of fire danger in Siberia and Yakutia were established.
SOCIO-POLITICAL PROCESS AND INFORMATION SECURITY OF TRANSBAIKALIA AS PROTECTION OF NATIONAL INTERESTS
Authors:   Transbaikal State University,Chita, Novikova А.
Published: May 2022

The paper analyzes the information security of Transbaikalia and shows the relationship of the socio-political process, information technology and security. Threats to information security are virus attacks, hacker hacks as elements of cybernetic crime. It is obvious that social risks are expanding and negatively affect the protection of vital interests of Russia and its subjects. Among the areas of national security, special attention is paid to information security from the point of view of protecting the information space of the Russian Federation. Each state considers it an urgent and priority task to ensure the information security of its country and citizens. As a consequence, there is a problem of information protection. In the conditions of increased dangerous information impacts in the world, the protection of personal, public and state information is of paramount importance for any state. It is advisable to combine all efforts to overcome information risks that have not only a social, but also a political component. The characteristic of the political process, the concept of which is borrowed from cybernetics, is given, its structure is substantiated: subjects and participants of the process; the object of the process; methods, means, resources that connect the subject and the object. Individuals, political systems, the state, and parties are the subjects of the process characterizing politics that require attention. The subjects of the political process also include the information component. In the modern period, Russia has set a course for the realization of national interests in the information sphere. National interests presuppose a system for ensuring the security of information systems. The main thing in the information sphere is the protection of authorities from information manipulation, which, of course, is connected with the socio-political process. It is advisable to use the Internet, the development of electronic document management, the presence of a system administrator, which will contribute to the creation of a unified information space.
INCREASING FINANCIAL INCLUSION FOR SMALL AGRIBUSINESS AS THE BASIS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS
Authors:   Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre", Miroshnichenko T. ,   , Rassvet village
Published: May 2022

Financial inclusion, considered as the provision of financial opportunities and access of the rural population and small forms of management (SFM) to financial and credit resources, is an important factor that allows an agricultural business to expand, create jobs and reduce inequality in the village. The subject of the study is financial and credit tools that provide financial inclusion of the SFM in agriculture. The purpose of the study is to assess the state and development problems of financial inclusion of small agricultural producers, as well as determining directions and economic measures that contribute to its increase in order to ensure sustainable development of rural areas. Research methods. The study has been carried out using such general scientific methods as: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstract-logical method. The empirical base of the study is based on the data of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the Federal State Statistics Service, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Research results. SFM and the economy of the population are manufacturers of a significant share of agricultural products and provide employment in the village. However, such a necessary preferential lending for a number of reasons remains for them inaccessible and insufficient for the development of agricultural production. One of the alternative sources of borrowed funds for small agribusiness and the population is agricultural credit consumer cooperation (ACCC). The growth of the portfolio of loans of the ACCC indicates their demand in rural territories. However, the presence of a number of accumulated problems of the institutional, organizational and economic nature led to a reduction in the number of rural credit cooperatives. Based on the results of the study, directions and economic measures are proposed to increase the financial availability of preferential lending for the SFM and the development of ACCC
Complex Plant Process Trait Evaluation Through Decomposition of Higher-order Interaction: A Case Study in Acclimation Responses of Cold-climate Hybrid Grapevine Through Bilinear and Multiway Methods
Authors: Stenger John E. , Hatterman-Valenti Harlene M.
Published: May 2022

Traditionally, the structure of higher-order data in genotype-by-environment interaction requires simplification to use bilinear reduction models. Flexible multiway reduction models have been claimed to be more informative, as they allow exploration of individual trends and account for the covariance among data modes. In complex latent traits, such as acclimation response of grapevine (Vitis sp.), these methods may offer increased insight into plant adaptive processes. In a growth chamber study, data from seven phenotypic traits at 11 photoperiodic times in the presence of two temperatures of 30 accessions were analyzed. The four-way interaction among these data modes was isolated and further examined through bilinear singular value decomposition (SVD) and multiway Tucker decomposition models. A similar set of three latent process traits were identified regardless of model used. The Tucker decomposition model led to more concise clustering of wild-type accessions, was more interpretable, as trends could be evaluated separately, and had less indication of overfitting; therefore, the multiway method was preferred over the standard SVD bilinear method in the investigation of high-order interaction in acclimation response. This methodology may offer insight into other complex traits, such as phenolic development, drought tolerance, and horizontal disease resistance to improve breeding efforts as other individual mechanisms used by the organism are separated, quantified, and compared rather than the culmination of events as an end-product.
Inserção de pequenos negócios das cidades de Acaiaca-MG e Diogo de Vasconcelos-MG nas plataformas digitais
Authors: FERREIRA Michel Assef Jorge , GUEDES Rafael Castilho Moreira , ALBINO Pablo Murta Baião , ARAÚJO Vitória Delveaux Oliveira , FARIAS Yullia da Costa
Published: May 2022

Com as restrições sociais causadas pela pandemia da Covid-19 e a necessidade de adaptação dos pequenos negócios, prestadores de serviços e produtores rurais ao cenário limitador apresentado, este trabalho promoveu ações na busca pela inserção digital destes empreendimentos nas cidades de Acaiaca e Diogo de Vasconcelos, com o objetivo de aumentar a visibilidade destes negócios e, consequentemente, possibilitar a elevação de seus faturamentos. Para o alcance destes objetivos foram desenvolvidos materiais didáticos em formato de cartilhas educativas, com recursos audiovisuais, além de terem sido oferecidas e realizadas mentorias voltadas aos conteúdos destes materiais. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização das plataformas digitais para o uso pessoal é comum, porém, para o uso comercial, existe uma lacuna pouco explorada pelos pequenos empreendedores.
Stress Degradation Studies and Development of a Validated RP-UHPLC Method of Ledipasvir
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Comilla University, Kotbari, Cumilla, Bangladesh, Jahan Sadia , Alam Md. Mahbubul ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Islam Md. Samiul ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Lira Dilshad Noor ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Shamsur Rouf Abu Shara ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Published: May 2022

The intent of the research work was to develop and validate a simple, selective and precise reversed phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) method for the determination of ledipasvir. A forced degradation study was performed as per International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines Q1A (R2) and Q1B. Ledipasvir was found to be well separated from degradation products using an analytical C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size) with a ratio of mobile phase (75:25 v/v) consisting of methanol and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) kept at ambient temperature. The average retention time of ledipasvir was found 4.45 min at 254 nm wavelength with 1.6 mL/min isocratic flow rate and 10 µL injection volume. Linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, robustness, and ruggedness were studied according to ICH guideline Q2 (R1) to validate the method. Then, this validated method was applied for forced degradation studies of ledipasvir. In conclusion, the developed method has been successfully used to study degradation behaviour of ledipasvir and may be useful to quantify the drug in different pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Community Pharmacist Attire and Its Impact on Patient Preference in Malaysia
Authors:   Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Shafie Asrul Akmal , Tan Bee Ying ,   Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Azman Adrianna Wong ,   Pendeta Bestari, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Ong Siew Chin ,   Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Published: May 2022

Different attires may bring different perceptions, level of trust, status and transmits social signals towards pharmacist in a community pharmacy setting. The objectives of the study were to explore the public perception of community pharmacist attire and the association of respondents’ sociodemographics with their preferences for community pharmacist attire. This was a cross-sectional, convenience sampling study among 200 general public adults (> 18 years old) in community pharmacies setting in Malaysia. A face validated Likert-type questionnaire was administered to assess the public perceptions and their preferences on community pharmacist attire. Four sets of model photographs with variation in gender, ethnicity and attire formality (i.e., formal wear with lab coat to casual attire) were used to assess respondents’ preferences. The most preferred attire of pharmacists was formal wear with a lab coat compared to other styles of attire (74% versus 36%). The older the respondents were, the more likely they prefer pharmacists in the formal wear with lab coat attire compared to formal (OR: 0.943; 95% CI: 0.899, 0.989; p < 0.05) and semi-formal wear (OR: 0.912; 95% CI: 0.840, 0.989; p < 0.05). Male respondents prefer pharmacists in formal wear without the lab coat (OR: 3.893; 95% CI: 1.449,10.491; p < 0.01) compared to female. A neat and proper attired pharmacist will gain a positive impression from patients. Respondents favour pharmacists in formal attire with a lab coat. Pharmacists in formal wear with a lab coat able to display professionalism and instil feelings of trust, confidence and comfort among the public in a community pharmacy setting.
Intervention Study on Pharmacists’ Knowledge and Counselling on Ophthalmic Preparations in a Tertiary Hospital in South-Western Nigeria
Authors:   Pharmacy Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, Oyebode Adeola Adedayo , Aje Akinniyi Akinbiyi ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: May 2022

The study aimed to assess hospital pharmacists’ knowledge and counselling on ophthalmic preparations before and after an educational intervention was carried out. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 83 pharmacists working at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. A 30-item semi-structured questionnaire was administered to participants to assess their background knowledge and counselling points on use of ophthalmic preparations. An educational intervention was carried out among the pharmacists to address the gaps discovered. Post-intervention assessment of the pharmacists’ knowledge and counselling on ophthalmic preparations was done a month after the educational intervention to evaluate the impact of the intervention. Data obtained was summarised using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Response rate was 79% (83/105). Fifty-six (67.5%) participants were female and 38 (45.7%) had other educational qualification(s) aside from the basic Bachelor of Pharmacy qualification. The average knowledge scores of the pharmacists on ophthalmic preparations increased from 2.55 ± 1.602 at baseline to 7.93 ± 2.879 post-intervention (p < 0.001). Also, the average counselling scores of the pharmacists on ophthalmic preparations increased from 8.12 ± 1.603 at baseline to 11.46 ± 1.0277 post-intervention (p < 0.001). Years of working experience and postgraduate education were predictors of participants’ knowledge and counselling on ophthalmic preparations. The study addressed the knowledge and counselling gaps identified and there was significant improvement in the knowledge and counselling of the study participants, vis-à-vis ophthalmic preparations.