bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Analysis of Damage of UAV-borne Kinetic Interceptor to Cluster Warhead based on AUTODYN
Authors: Lin Shicong , Hao Wenlong , Wei Qin
Published: June 2023

The UAV-Brone Kinetic Kill Vehicle (KKV) can effectively enhance the defense capability at low and medium altitude by intercepting missiles and other aircrafts in a reverse orbit manner. This paper mainly studies the interception and damage effectiveness of the typical KKV energy interceptors to cluster warheads. Based on the equivalent principle of “the main material remains unchanged, the mass remains unchanged, and the size remains unchanged”, the equivalent models of interceptors and cluster warheads are established respectively. The damage effects under different interception states are simulated and analyzed using ANSYS AUTODYN software. The conclusion of simulation analysis has a certain supporting effect on equipment development, and also provides ideas for other numerical simulation analysis.
Research on Anti-Seepage Technology of Basement in Soft Soil Area by Drainage
Authors: Wu Ning , Xu Liefeng , Xiao Longhui
Published: June 2023

In recent years, the modernization process of cities has been accelerated, and the scale of basement construction has been continuously expanded. The groundwater table in the southern soft soil areas is usually high, and the water pressure carried by the basement floor is often large, thus the accidents of leakage from the floor and exterior walls occur from time to time, which seriously affects the safety and use function of the basement. In this paper, based on a basement project in a soft soil area, a method of using drainage for anti-seepage treatment is proposed. By placing large diameter sand-free concrete relief wells at appropriate spacing in the basement, the seepage water in the basement is channeled into the relief wells through sand-free concrete to play the role of decompression and anti-seepage. The practice results show that the drainage system can effectively solve the leakage problem of basement floor with low cost.
Phytochemical Screening, Bioactive Compound Quantification by HPLC, and Antifungal Properties of Andrographis paniculata Extracts Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Kalit S N D M , Zain W Z W M , Ramli N W , Musa S A N C , Hamid N A , Hamzah F
Published: June 2023

The common issues that occurred in plant disease had been studied for many years and fungi were determined as the major microbial agent that typically reduces the crop yield quality and economic losses. The increasing of antimicrobial resistance fungi and chemical fungicides has urged the development of new antifungal agents from medicinal plants such as Andrographis paniculata which is riches in phytochemical compounds. Hence, this research was carried out to investigate the phytochemical compounds and antifungal properties of a botanical extract derived from A. paniculata to inhibit fungal growth. A maceration technique was used where the extracts were soaked in methanol solvent at room temperature (±28°C) for 72 hours. The prepared samples were studied for phytochemical screening, and it shows the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Whereas the quantitative estimation of andrographolide compound was conducted by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The antifungal test was tested on Fusarium spp., Colletotrichum spp., Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, and Thielaviopsis paradoxa through agar disc diffusion. The result revealed that it exhibits significant fungal growth inhibition. Therefore, this study presented the versatile use of A. paniculata extract in developing its role as a novel broad-spectrum antifungal agent against plant disease.
An overview of the potential utilisation of oleaginous yeast for biodiesel feedstock and wastewater treatment
Authors: Wusnah W , Akbar Muhammad Defan , Supardan M D , Haryani S , Yunardi Y
Published: June 2023

The modern world faces a number of alarming problems, including global warming, the energy crisis brought on by the depletion of fossil fuels, and improper waste treatment. Consequently, it is essential to pursue sustainable development and find alternative energy sources that can reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. One of the most potential concepts is using lipids produced by microbes (bacteria, algae, and yeast) as the primary raw material for generating sustainable and affordable biodiesel in conjunction with the degradation of pollutants in wastewater. Numerous characteristics of oleaginous yeast have been demonstrated, including a high lipid output, resemblance of the lipids to vegetable oils, and a low land demand. Oleaginous yeasts, which can accumulate more than 20% of dry cell weight in lipids, are among the finest microbiological possibilities capable of generating lipids in high concentrations and with the proper properties. Several oleaginous yeast species are capable of degrading up to 90% of COD in wastewater. This paper aims to give a general overview of producing biodiesel from oleaginous yeast using wastewater as a substrate source. In addition, to discussing the technical aspects of producing biodiesel from oleaginous yeasts, the paper also discusses the economic feature of biodiesel production from oleaginous yeasts.
Diversity of stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) at vegetated habitats in Aul Tungganai Meliponiculture of Lubuk Minturun, Padang, West Sumatra
Authors: Herwina H , Urrahmah Z S , Mairawita  , Yaherwandi  , Nurdin J , Janra M N
Published: June 2023

The diversity of stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) in Lubuk Minturun, Koto Tangah, Padang, West Sumatra had been investigated from November 2021 to October 2022. This study aimed to determine species and the diversity of stingless bees at the vegetated habitats (i.e., anthropogenic area, forest edge, and forested area) surrounding Aul Tungganai Meliponiculture in Lubuk Minturun. Data collection was performed three times and at three sites that represented each type of vegetated habitats. The stingless bees were sampled using hand insect net and baited traps. A total of six stingless bee species from four genera were recorded from the vegetated areas during the study. Genera Lepidotrigona and Tetragonula were observed with two species, while Geniotrigona and Heterotrigona were only represented by a single species, respectively. The result showed that stingless bee diversity at study site was low (H’ = 1.07), while their distribution across study sites was moderately similar (E = 0.66).
Determinants of income in smallholder buffalo farms in Sijunjung, West Sumatra
Authors: Indrayani I , Rias MI , Fauziah S
Published: June 2023

As part of the agricultural sector, people in the Sijunjung district also make the livestock subsector part of the family’s economic source, where the type of livestock that has been cultivated for a long time is buffalo. Sijunjung is one of the areas in the Sijunjung district which has the potential to develop buffalo farms because it has the highest livestock population. This study aims to determine the model of buffalo livestock raising, and the income of buffalo farmers in Sijunjung District and to analyze the factors that affect the income of buffalo farming in Sijunjung District. This research method uses a survey method by interviewing 35 respondents. Data analysis used descriptive statistical analysis methods and inferential statistics using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that most of the farmers (40%) had buffalo in the range of 1-5 heads. Buffalo livestock farming is only used as a side business, where only 17.1% make buffalo farming their main business. Furthermore, the status of livestock ownership in general (65.7%) is a profit-sharing system that in West Sumatra is known as seduaan. The buffalo-rearing system is semi-intensive. The average income of farmers from buffalo farming for one year is Rp. 8,618,669, -. The factor of farm scale, age of the farmer, and the number of calves showed a significant effect on the income of the buffalo farming, while the factors of the number of buffaloes, education, experience, and fixed costs did not significantly affect the income of the buffalo farming.
The Application of Eggshell and Fruit Peels as Soil Amendment on The Growth Performance and Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ma’mor A S , Wahida N H , Nur Firdaus A R
Published: June 2023

Organic materials from processed crops and animals can be applied to enhance soil fertility. Kitchen waste such as eggshell and fruit peels contained macro and micronutrient that are essential for plant growth and development. This research focuses on investigating the effects of eggshell powder and fruit peel as a soil amendment on the growth performance and yield of maize. Ground eggshell and different fruit peels such as banana, orange and pomegranate were mixed to produce a soil amendment. The experiment consists of four treatments; T1 (control), T2 (eggshell powder), T3 (fruit peels) and T4 (eggshell powder + fruit peels) with three replications arranged in RCBD. The overall growth performance increased throughout the planting period. The highest maize yield was recorded in T4 at 452.15 g. The soil pH in T3 and T4 increased from slightly acidic to neutral in the range of pH 7.44 to 7.51. This results from the high calcium content in the eggshell and phosphorus as well as potassium content in the fruit peels. This study proves that the eggshell and fruit peel can be feasibly used as a soil amendment and pH regular for improving and sustaining soil nutrient level thus fertility.
Effect Of NPK Green Mix with Different Type of Manure on Spinach Growth and Yield
Authors: Alif A A A H , Amira H N
Published: June 2023

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a popular commercial crop that is used both fresh and after processing. In terms of nutrition, spinach is high in minerals and vitamins, particularly ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Lack of nutrients in the plant may be a big issue in spinach cultivation, while temperature, water, and sunshine also play a part in plant growth and can impact plant growth and production. The focus of this research was to determine the effect of NPK green mix with various types of manure on spinach growth and yield quality. The spinach was given 3 different treatments, T0 as a control, NPK green mix with chicken manure T1, NPK green mix with cow manure T2, and NPK green mix with rabbit manure T3. The result from this study shows significant different of fresh weight with value 226 g for treatment 3. For chlorophyll content, height of plant and number of leaves the result show such a not significant difference between all this parameter. In this research, also faced a problem by pest the attack of pest give impact on my yield. For the conclusion is mix NPK green with rabbit manure is very recommended for increasing the weight and yield of spinach.
Roasting conditions on metabolic profile of black honey arabica coffee (Coffea arabica)
Authors: Syukri D , Sari F I P , Rini
Published: June 2023

A post-harvest preparation for coffee is black honey process. The post-harvest procedure of roasting affects the flavor and aroma of coffee. This study aimed to examine the color, caffeine content, water content, ash content, protein content, carbohydrate content, fat content, analysis of fatty acid content, and cupping test of black honey arabica coffee that treated under different roasting condition. The analytical observation on color, caffeine content, water content, ash content, protein content, carbohydrate content, fat content, fatty acid was conducted and sensory analysis was applied for cupping test. The findings showed that the differences in roasting techniques have a significant influence at the 5% level on the color, moisture content, ash content, carbohydrate content, and fat content of black honey arabica coffee but have no significant impact on the protein content. According to the findings of the cupping test, the best roasting technique was a medium roast. The roasting process under medium roast conditions was known to give the attributes of a brown color due to the Maillard reaction, a specific aroma possibly coming from caramel, citrus, cassia vera and honey, a specific sour taste and a long after taste. The medium roast process has a specific fatty acid profile consisting of myristic acid, palmitic acid and elaidic acid. These characters were the characteristic determinant of the taste produced by Arabica coffee which is processed using black honey post-harvest techniques and roasted with medium conditions.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Piper betle leaf extracts against pathogen of soft rot disease
Authors: Noorshilawati A A , Nurul Asyiqin A H B , Nur Suraya A , Aiza H
Published: June 2023

Soft rot disease commonly occurs in vegetables and fruits. Water-soaked lesions and bad odour are among the symptoms of soft rot disease. Crop production and quality are reduced due to the infection, which causes greater losses. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Piper betle leaves against a pathogen that causes soft rot diseases. Hexane, chloroform, and methanol were used as extraction solvents, and each extract was prepared with a different concentration (50, 100, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg/ml). Each piper betle extract has been shown to inhibit the pathogen responsible for soft rot disease. Piper betle hexane extracts show a better inhibition zone compared to chloroform and methanol extracts. The inhibition zones of Piper betle hexane extracts are 6.5 mm (50 mg/ml), 16 mm (100 mg/ml), 18.5 mm (500 mg/ml), 20.5 mm (1,000 mg/ml), and 11.17 mm (1,500 mg/ml). At 1,000 mg/mL, the inhibition zone of Piper betle hexane extract is 20.5 mm, chloroform is 15.5 mm, and methanol is 16.5 mm. At a concentration of 1,500 mg/ml, the inhibition zone for the three extractions decreases. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of Piper betle leaves as a natural antimicrobial agent.
The effect of cooking treatments and dumbo catfish (clarias gariepinus) bone flour addition on the characteristics and sensory evaluation of “geblek” kulon progo
Authors: Ismiana T , Setiyoko A , Slamet A
Published: June 2023

Geblek is one of the traditional foods from Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The aim of this research was to determine how cooking methods and the addition of dumbo catfish bone flour affect the calcium and phosphorus content, sensory assessment, and chemical qualities of a specific Geblek product. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used for the test design. Steamed and presto cooking methods were used. The incorporation of dumbo catfish bone flour as follows (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). The criteria measured were calcium and phosphorus contents, water, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate and also the sensory assessment examined. The results indicated that the best quality of geblek was created using the steamed cooking technique and the inclusion of dumbo catfish bone flour at 10% concentration. The characteristics of geblek are as follows water content 33.82% w/w, ash content 5.50% w/w, protein content 4.45% w/w, fat content 8.12% w/w, carbohydrate content by different 48.19% w/w, calcium content 5.52%, phosphorus content 6.47% and accepted by panellists. It can be used as an alternative of dietary intake that can satisfy all of our nutritional demands.
Sensory analysis of fruit leather from the combination of pedada fruit and api-api fruit as natural dyes
Authors: Hamzah F H , Herawati N , Yunita I , Sriwulandari A
Published: June 2023

Fruit leather is a product made from processed fruit shaped like a thin sheet. This study aimed to determine the panelist’s preference for fruit leather produced from a combination of pedada fruit and api-api fruit. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three repetitions. The treatment formula is PA1 (Pedada fruit 90%: Api-api fruit 10%), PA2 (Pedada fruit 80%: Api-api fruit 20%), PA3 (Pedada fruit 70%: Api-api fruit 30%), PA4 (Pedada fruit 60%: Api-api fruit 40%) and PA5 (Pedada fruit 50%: Api-api fruit 50%). The results of the sensory evaluation of the fruit leather that was tested for the panelists was that the fruit leather type that the panelists liked the most was PA3 with a value of 4.01 (favorite) is a fruit leather with a slightly green color, has a distinctive aroma of pedada fruit and api-api fruit, slightly sweet and sour taste, and a slightly chewy texture.
The characteristics of rosella flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) functional drink addition with red ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract
Authors: Yenrina R , Anggraini T , Effendi M A B
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to determine the addition of red ginger extract to rosella flower extract on the chemical, physical and organoleptic characteristics of the functional drink produced. The design used in this study was the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment on this research is addition of ginger red extract on rosella flower extract by mixing of rosella flowers extract and ginger red extract at level A (100% : 0%), B (95%: 5%), C (90%: 10%), D (85%: 15%), E (80%: 20%). The research data were statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncans’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) analysis at level real 5%. The results showed that the addition of ginger red extracts had a significant effect on color, total dissolved solids content, vitamin C content, pH value, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins content and organoleptic test on aroma and taste of functional drink of rosella flower extract. But no significant on the color of organoleptic test.
The characterization and sensory assessment of fruit leather with a combination of puree jicama and pineapple
Authors: Riftyan E , Ivoni M C , Yusmarini  , Pato U , Johan V S
Published: June 2023

Fruit leathers are dehydrated fruit, thin and sheet, with intense fruit flavor, made from pureed fruits as snacks or desserts. This study aimed to obtain the optimum ratio puree of jicama and pineapple in the production of fruit leather. This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications to obtain 15 experimental units. The treatments in this study were the ratio of puree jicama and pineapple, namely BN1 (100:0), BN2 (90:10), BN3 (80:20), BN4 (70:30), BN5 (60:40). Parameters observed included moisture content, ash, degree of acidity (pH), crude fiber, and sensory assessment (descriptive and hedonic). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and Duncan New Multiple Range Test at a 5% level. The results showed significant moisture content, ash content, degree of acidity (pH), crude fiber, and sensory assessment. The best treatment in this study was BN5 which had 10.84% moisture content, 0.31% ash content, 4.01 acidity (pH) value, and 1.50% crude fiber content. The best treatment’s descriptive test results of the fruit leather have a very yellow color, flavorful pineapple fruit, and sour and slightly chewy texture. The panelists favoured the overall assessment.
Physicochemical characteristic of effervesence tablet from red ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
Authors: Yanti H F , Violalita F , Evawati  , Fahmy K
Published: June 2023

The study aims to obtain the best formulation for the production of effervescent tablets made from red ginger, turmeric, cinnamon, lemongrass, and sappan wood, as well as to determine their physicochemical characteristics. The research method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) monofactorial using a concentration of effervescent mix (citric acid, tartaric acid, and Natrium Bicarbonate) 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, and 60% of 200 g effervescent mix. The results showed that the water content in herbs effervescent tablets ranged from 1.79 – 2.19%. The highest levels of phenols and flavonoids were found in the E1 treatment, namely 932.37 mg/g GAE and 159.96 µg/g QE. The weight uniformity of the effervescent tablets ranged from 9-10.63 g. The solubility of herbs effervescent tablets in water ranges from 8.2-12.3 minutes. The hardness of herbs effervescent tablets ranges from 300-430 N/cm2. The brightest herbs effervescent tablet was treatment E3, while the reddest and yellowest color was treatment E1. Based on sensory analysis, the preferred color and taste is E1.
Prediction of K-Means Multivariable Rice Production Center Pattern
Authors: Azrifirwan  , Rafi Pratama Yosefanny M. , Santosa  , Andasuryani
Published: June 2023

West Sumatra is one of the provinces that have the potential to be used as a rice production center in Indonesia. However, the determination of local production centers is still justified based on conventional methods. This study aims to obtain historical data on rice production center variables, process data using the K-Means algorithm (RStudio), and justify rice production center areas in West Sumatra in a given year based on the acquisition of recommendation values (centroids). The results showed that in 2010-2020, the best number of clusters (elbow graph) was K=3. The highest recommendation value of the final centroid lies in centroid 3 so 8 recommendations for districts that are the center of rice production are obtained, including Padang Pariaman Regency, Pesisir Selatan Regency, Tanah Datar Regency, Agam Regency, Solok Regency, Fifty Cities Regency, Pasaman Regency, and South Solok Regency. Furthermore, of the eight districts included in the Governor’s Decree no. 525-757-2021 concerning the determination of food areas. Based on the 2019 irrigation network performance index as a decision-supporting variable, the highest index value reached the Batang Surantih irrigation area, Pesisir Selatan Regency, with an index value of 15 (100%).
Ionothermal synthesis of activated carbon from waste pet bottles for dye waste water treatment
Authors: Onwucha C.N. , Owolabi H. O. , Talabi J.O. , Ajayi S.O. , Ehi-Eromosele C.O. , Ajanaku K.O.
Published: June 2023

The production and use of poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles in packaging have increased significantly. Thus, PET bottles have become a significant plastic waste with environmental problems. Currently, the conventional methods for producing activated carbons (ACs) from waste PET are unsustainable, complex, and unfeasible. As a result, ionothermal synthesis (IS) of waste PET bottles impregnated with choline chloride-urea (CU) deep eutectic solvent (DES) was carried out in order to prepare ACs. The obtained ACs were characterized using XRD, CHNS Elemental analysis and FTIR. The as-prepared ACs were effective as adsorbents for dye adsorption from dye waste water. Specifically, the AC obtained from pristine waste PET bottles (956 mgg−1 at 100 ppm) displayed higher adsorptive capacity compared to the ACs obtained from CU-DES impregnated PET flakes (550mgg−1 at 100ppm). Even though it was expected that the use of CU-DES required no post-synthesis washing or higher temperature treatments might be required to improve the adsorptive capacity of the ACs obtained from IS.This research work established that the synthesis of AC from abundant waste PET bottles using a sustainable and facile method could facilitate its commercial application. Also, this work represents the first attempt to produce activated carbons from PET using low temperature annealing in the presence of limited air, instead of the usual pyrolysis.
Assessing the Performance of a Blackbody Solar Dryer
Authors: Okeniyi P.O. , Akinyemi M.L. , Abodunrin T.J. , Ayara W.A. , Obatare M.I.
Published: June 2023

About 33.3% of global food production is lost to spoilage every year. At current rates, that amount is adequate for feeding an average of 300 million people around the world. This huge loss can be decimated to 13.17% if food spoilage is avoided or managed better. One technique for minimizing food waste is solar drying. West Africa and locations around the equatorial plane are described by average daily insolation of about 4-6 kWhm−2. In effect, this energy source could be applied to curb the problem of food spoilage and wastage. Another side attraction of drying with solar is that, it offers year-round availability of food crops. In this study, solar drying is investigated with the principle of blackbody radiation using an electronic data logger coupled with the Arduino Uno, SD Card Module, DHT22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor, SD Card, and Connecting wires to record temperature and humidity data. The output was 56.3°C and 46.8°C for the upper and lower limit of temperature respectively, yielding an average difference of about 10°C. The interaction of sensible blackbody radiation within a four-tier rock bed was crafted into a novel solar dryer design. With this relatively high-temperature gradient between the upper and lower, a blackbody solar dryer constructed was suitable to preserve the both quality and shelf life of agricultural produce.
Factors inhibiting Sustainable Knowledge Management in Nigeria
Authors: Akinbo T. F. , Fagbenle I. O. , Amusan L. M.
Published: June 2023

Knowledge is a vital resource in most organizations. This is because it has the potential to contribute to competitive advantage, and corporate governance and ensures growth performance. However, with the paucity of information and knowledge generated on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects in Nigeria, it is hard to measure the performance of such projects in terms of accountability, transparency, and openness. Therefore, this study examined the factors inhibiting the implementation of sustainable knowledge management in PPP projects in Nigeria. The study utilized the clustering sampling method to select the research partakers in this study which included construction professionals, contractors, concessionaires, financiers, and the public sector. The sample size was calculated using the simple random sampling method. The study focused on Lagos State and Abuja (F.C.T.). The study utilized a survey research design. A well-structured questionnaire instrument was designed for the study. A total of three hundred and ninety-three (393) research participants took part in this study. The findings of the study revealed that Microsoft Office tools, paper-based storage, and lessons learned were the most frequently used knowledge management strategies in managing the knowledge generated on PPP projects in Nigeria. However, the main factors inhibiting the implementation of sustainable knowledge management in PPP projects in Nigeria were limited funds for promoting knowledge management of PPP projects, entrenched corruption in the public space, and low ICT training among PPP stakeholders. The study revealed statistically significant factors inhibiting the implementation of sustainable knowledge management in PPP projects in Nigeria. The study recommended the need to increase funding and training of PPP stakeholders on sustainable knowledge management strategies specifically for PPP projects in Nigeria.
Emergent evolution of first-order phase transitions from magneto-structural to magneto-elastic in MnCo1−y
Fe
y
Ge1−x
Si
x
alloys
Authors: Li Yong , Ye Xinyue , Li Lingwei , Liu Enke
Published: June 2023

The emergent evolution of first-order phase transitions from magneto-structural to magneto-elastic and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and magnetization measurements. Applying the isostructural alloying principle, the martensitic transition temperature (T
M) increases effectively and the Curie temperatures of the two phases increase slightly by substituting the Si content (x). With an appropriate amount of Fe and Si content, an emergent first-order antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic magnetoelastic transition with thermal hysteresis in the martensitic state occurs for MnCo0.7Fe0.3Ge1–x
Si
x
(x = 0.15–0.40) alloys, which results from the decrease in the nearest-neighbor Mn–Mn distance. Moreover, the values of magnetic entropy change (ΔS
M), refrigeration capacity (RC) and temperature-averaged entropy change (TEC, 10 K) with ΔH = 50 kOe reach −12.2 J kg−1 K−1, 112.8 J kg−1 and 11.4 J kg−1 K−1 for MnCo0.7Fe0.3Ge0.8Si0.2 undergoing the ferromagnetic magneto-structural transition in the Curie temperature window. The results facilitate the magnetocaloric/magnetoelastic performance and tunability of multiple phase states in a wider temperature range.
Two results on 𝑥^{𝑟}+𝑦^{𝑟}=𝑑𝑧^{𝑝}
Authors: Freitas Nuno , Najman Filip
Published: June 2023

This note proves two theorems regarding Fermat-type equation

x
r

+

y
r

=
d

z
p

x^r + y^r = dz^p

where

r
≥
5

r \geq 5

is a prime. Our main result shows that, for infinitely many integers 

d
d

, the previous equation has no non-trivial primitive solutions such that

2
∣
x
+
y

2 \mid x+y

or

r
∣
x
+
y

r \mid x+y

, for a set of exponents

p
p

of positive density. We use the modular method with a symplectic argument to prove this result.
Weighted homological regularities
Authors: Kirkman E. , Won R. , Zhang J.
Published: June 2023

Let

A
A

be a noetherian connected graded algebra. We introduce and study homological invariants that are weighted sums of the homological and internal degrees of cochain complexes of graded

A
A

-modules, providing weighted versions of Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity, Tor-regularity, Artin–Schelter regularity, and concavity. In some cases an invariant (such as Tor-regularity) that is infinite can be replaced with a weighted invariant that is finite, and several homological invariants of complexes can be expressed as weighted homological regularities. We prove a few weighted homological identities some of which unify different classical homological identities and produce interesting new ones.
The evolution of bite force and head morphology in scincid lizards: diet and habitat use as possible drivers
Authors: Saulnier Masson Robin , Daoues Karim , Measey John , Herrel Anthony
Published: June 2023

Diet and habitat use impose mechanical constraints that may impact head morphology and bite force. Skinks (Scincidae) comprise the largest family of lizards with ~1700 species currently described. They also show an important morphological and ecological diversity. Using phylogenetically informed analyses, we studied the interrelationships between ecology (diet, habitat use), head morphology and bite force in these lizards. Our results show a strong link between body size, bite force and diet, with herbivorous species being larger and biting harder than species from other dietary groups. Despite a lack of differences in body size and head morphology, omnivorous species bite harder than insectivorous species, in order to process the fibrous plant material that is part of their diet. Overall, lineages that evolved greater bite forces also showed an increase in relative head height allowing for more vertically oriented jaw muscles. Moreover, we find evidence for correlated evolution between bite force and head length: skinks that bite harder tend to have shorter jaws that likely provide a greater mechanical advantage when biting at the tip of the jaw. Surprisingly, habitat use does not appear to be correlated with morphological traits or bite force, but this needs to explored further.
Clinical and cost outcomes of a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated patch versus drainage after axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer: results from a multicentre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Buch-Villa Elvira , Castañer-Puga Carlos , Delgado-Garcia Silvia , Fuster-Diana Carlos , Vidal-Herrador Beatriz , Ripoll-Orts Francisco , Galeote-Quecedo Tania , Prat Antonio , Andrés-Matias Myrian , Jimeno-Fraile Jaime , Muñoz-Sorsona Ernesto , Vento Giovani , Gumbau-Puchol Verónica , Adrianzen Marcos , López-Flor Vicente , Ortega Joaquín
Published: June 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes between breast cancer patients who underwent axillary lymph node dissection with postoperative management using a polyethylene glycol-coated patch versus axillary drainage. The direct costs associated with both postoperative management strategies were also evaluated.

Methods

This was a multicentre RCT in women with breast cancer who underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04487561). Patients were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to receive either drainage or a polyethylene glycol-coated patch as postoperative management. The primary endpoints were the need for an emergency department visit for any event related to the surgery and the rate of seroma development.

Results

A total of 227 patients were included , 115 in the patch group (50.7 per cent) and 112 (29.4 per cent ) in the drainage group. The incidence of emergency department visits was significantly greater for patients with drainage versus a polyethylene glycol-coated patch (incidence rate difference 26.1 per cent, 95 per cent c.i. 14.5 to 37.7 per cent; P < 0.001). Conversely, the seroma rate was significantly higher in the polyethylene glycol-coated patch group (incidence rate difference 22.8 per cent, 95 per cent c.i. 6.7 to 38.9 per cent; P < 0.0055). Compared with drainage, using a polyethylene glycol-coated patch resulted in cost savings of €100.41 per patient. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio analysis found that drainage was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €7594.4 for no need for hospital admission and €491.7 for no need for an emergency department visit.

Conclusion

Compared with patients who received drainage after axillary lymph node dissection, the use of a polyethylene glycol-coated patch resulted in a higher rate of seroma, but a lower number of postoperative outpatient or emergency department visits and thus a reduction in overall costs.
COVID-19 infection in people living with HIV
Authors: Brolly Jacob , Chadwick David R
Published: June 2023

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are intersecting pandemics, with implications for care at an individual and global scale.

Sources of data

PubMed search with relevant articles and their references reviewed.

Areas of agreement

COVID-19 has changed the delivery of care to people living with HIV (PLWH). Vaccines are efficacious and safe for PLWH; patient care for symptomatic COVID-19 is similar to that of people without HIV.

Areas of controversy

It remains unclear whether PLWH experience increased COVID-19-specific mortality. Treatments to reduce severity in early COVID-19 infection lack evidence in PLWH.

Growing points

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV-related morbidity and mortality are yet to be seen. COVID-19 epidemiology among PLWH is complicated by changes to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, population behaviours and vaccine availability.

Areas timely for developing research

Global trends in HIV-related morbidity and mortality should be monitored to appreciate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The benefits of early antiviral and/or neutralizing monoclonal antibody (nMAb) treatment for PLWH and nMAb prophylaxis require investigation.
Altered within- and between-network functional connectivity in atypical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Singh Neha Atulkumar , Martin Peter R , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Sintini Irene , Machulda Mary M , Duffy Joseph R , Gunter Jeffrey L , Botha Hugo , Jones David T , Lowe Val J , Jack Clifford R , Josephs Keith A , Whitwell Jennifer L
Published: June 2023

Posterior cortical atrophy and logopenic progressive aphasia are atypical clinical presentations of Alzheimer’s disease. Resting-state functional connectivity studies have shown functional network disruptions in both phenotypes, particularly involving the language network in logopenic progressive aphasia and the visual network in posterior cortical atrophy. However, little is known about how connectivity differs both within and between brain networks in these atypical Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes. A cohort of 144 patients was recruited by the Neurodegenerative Research Group at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, and underwent structural and resting-state functional MRI. Spatially preprocessed data were analysed to explore the default mode network and the salience, sensorimotor, language, visual and memory networks. The data were analysed at the voxel and network levels. Bayesian hierarchical linear models adjusted for age and sex were used to analyse within- and between-network connectivity. Reduced within-network connectivity was observed in the language network in both phenotypes, with stronger evidence of reductions in logopenic progressive aphasia compared to controls. Only posterior cortical atrophy showed reduced within-network connectivity in the visual network compared to controls. Both phenotypes showed reduced within-network connectivity in the default mode and sensorimotor networks. No significant change was noted in the memory network, but a slight increase in the salience within-network connectivity was seen in both phenotypes compared to controls. Between-network analysis in posterior cortical atrophy showed evidence of reduced visual-to-language network connectivity, with reduced visual-to-salience network connectivity, compared to controls. An increase in visual-to-default mode network connectivity was noted in posterior cortical atrophy compared to controls. Between-network analysis in logopenic progressive aphasia showed evidence of reduced language-to-visual network connectivity and an increase in language-to-salience network connectivity compared to controls. Findings from the voxel-level and network-level analysis were in line with the Bayesian hierarchical linear model analysis, showing reduced connectivity in the dominant network based on diagnosis and more crosstalk between networks in general compared to controls. The atypical Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes were associated with disruptions in connectivity, both within and between brain networks. Phenotype-specific differences in connectivity patterns were noted in the visual network for posterior cortical atrophy and the language network for logopenic progressive aphasia.
Phage therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa: a unique challenge and possible opportunity for personalized treatment of a complex, inflammatory disease
Authors: Bens Lene , Green Sabrina I , Jansen Daan , Hillary Tom , Vanhoutvin Tine , Matthijnssens Jelle , Sabino João , Vermeire Séverine , Van Laethem An , Wagemans Jeroen , Lavigne Rob
Published: June 2023

Phage therapy is an emerging antimicrobial treatment for critical multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this review, the specific potential and challenges of phage therapy for patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are discussed. This represents a unique challenge as HS is a chronic inflammatory disease, but presenting with acute exacerbations, which have an enormous negative impact on patient’s quality of life. The therapeutic arsenal for HS has expanded in the past decade, for example, with adalimumab and several other biologicals that are currently under investigation. However, treatment of HS remains challenging for dermatologists because there are individuals who do not respond to any classes of the current treatment options when used for a first or second time. Furthermore, after several courses of treatment, a patient may lose their response to therapy, meaning long-term use is not always an option. Culturing studies and 16S ribosomal RNA profiling highlight the complex polymicrobial nature of HS lesions. Despite the detection of various bacterial species in lesion samples, several key pathogens, including Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus, may be potential targets for phage therapy. Using phage therapy for the treatment of a chronic inflammatory disease could potentially provide new insights into the role of bacteria and the immune system in HS development. In addition, it is possible more details on the immunomodulatory effects of phages may come to light.
Identification of differences in the magnitude and specificity of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody responses in naturally infected and vaccinated individuals
Authors: Pushpakumara Pradeep Darshana , Jeewandara Chandima , Bary Farha , Madushanka Deshan , Perera Lahiru , Aberathna Inoka Sepali , Nimasha Thashmi , Jayamali Jeewantha , Ranasinghe Thushali , Kuruppu Heshan , Danasekara Saubhagya , Wijewickrama Ananda , Ogg Graham S , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika
Published: June 2023

As there are limited data on B-cell epitopes for the nucleocapsid protein in SARS-CoV-2, we sought to identify the immunodominant regions within the N protein, recognized by patients with varying severity of natural infection with the Wuhan strain (WT), delta, omicron, and in those who received the Sinopharm vaccines, which is an inactivated, whole virus vaccine. Using overlapping peptides representing the N protein, with an in-house ELISA, we mapped the immunodominant regions within the N protein, in seronegative (n = 30), WT infected (n = 30), delta infected (n = 30), omicron infected + vaccinated (n = 20) and Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) vaccinees (n = 30). We then investigated the sensitivity and specificity of these immunodominant regions and analyzed their conservation with other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, seasonal human coronaviruses, and bat Sarbecoviruses. We identified four immunodominant regions aa 29–52, aa 155–178, aa 274–297, and aa 365–388, which were highly conserved within SARS-CoV-2 and the bat coronaviruses. The magnitude of responses to these regions varied based on the infecting SARS-CoV-2 variants, >80% of individuals gave responses above the positive cut-off threshold to many of the four regions, with some differences with individuals who were infected with different VoCs. These regions were found to be 100% specific, as none of the seronegative individuals gave any responses. As these regions were highly specific with high sensitivity, they have a potential to be used to develop diagnostic assays and to be used in development of vaccines.
First Pharmacokinetic Data of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate and Tenofovir With Dolutegravir or Boosted Protease Inhibitors in African Children: A Substudy of the CHAPAS-4 Trial
Authors: Waalewijn Hylke , Szubert Alexander J , Wasmann Roeland E , Wiesner Lubbe , Chabala Chishala , Bwakura-Dangarembizi Mutsa , Makumbi Shafic , Nangiya Joan , Mumbiro Vivian , Mulenga Veronica , Musiime Victor , Monkiewicz Lara N , Griffiths Anna L , Bamford Alasdair , Doerholt Katja , Denti Paolo , Burger David M , Gibb Diana M , McIlleron Helen M , Colbers Angela ,   for the Children with HIV in Africa – Pharmacokinetics and Acceptability of Simple second-line antiretroviral regimens (CHAPAS-4) Trial Team
Published: June 2023

Background

We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) and tenofovir in a subset of African children enrolled in the CHAPAS-4 trial.

Methods

Children aged 3–15 years with human immunodeficiency virus infection failing first-line antiretroviral therapy were randomized to emtricitabine/TAF versus standard-of-care nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor combination, plus dolutegravir, atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir, or lopinavir/ritonavir. Daily emtricitabine/TAF was dosed according to World Health Organization (WHO)–recommended weight bands: 120/15 mg in children weighing 14 to <25 kg and 200/25 mg in those weighing ≥25 kg. At steady state, 8–9 blood samples were taken to construct pharmacokinetic curves. Geometric mean (GM) area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and the maximum concentration (Cmax) were calculated for TAF and tenofovir and compared to reference exposures in adults.

Results

Pharmacokinetic results from 104 children taking TAF were analyzed. GM (coefficient of variation [CV%]) TAF AUClast when combined with dolutegravir (n = 18), darunavir/ritonavir (n = 34), or lopinavir/ritonavir (n = 20) were 284.5 (79), 232.0 (61), and 210.2 (98) ng*hour/mL, respectively, and were comparable to adult reference values. When combined with atazanavir/ritonavir (n = 32), TAF AUClast increased to 511.4 (68) ng*hour/mL. For each combination, tenofovir GM (CV%) AUCtau and Cmax remained below reference values in adults taking 25 mg TAF with a boosted protease inhibitors.

Conclusions

In children, TAF combined with boosted PIs or dolutegravir and dosed according to WHO-recommended weight bands provides TAF and tenofovir concentrations previously demonstrated to be well tolerated and effective in adults. These data provide the first evidence for use of these combinations in African children.

Clinical Trials Registration

ISRCTN22964075.
The R″ wave in V1 and the negative terminal QRS vector in aVF combine to a novel 12-lead ECG algorithm to identify slow conducting anatomical isthmus 3 in patients with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Wallet Justin , Kimura Yoshitaka , Blom Nico A , Man Sumche , Jongbloed Monique R M , Zeppenfeld Katja
Published: June 2023

Aims

Patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) have an increased risk of ventricular tachycardia (VT), with slow conducting anatomical isthmus (SCAI) 3 as dominant VT substrate. In patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB), SCAI 3 leads to local activation delay with a shift of terminal RV activation towards the lateral RV outflow tract which may be detected by terminal QRS vector changes on sinus rhythm electrocardiogram (ECG).

Methods and results

Consecutive rTOF patients aged ≥16 years with RBBB who underwent electroanatomical mapping at our institution between 2017–2022 and 2010–2016 comprised the derivation and validation cohort, respectively. Forty-six patients were included in the derivation cohort (aged 40±15 years, QRS duration 165±23 ms). Among patients with SCAI 3 (n = 31, 67%), 17 (55%) had an R″ in V1, 18 (58%) had a negative terminal QRS portion (NTP) ≥80 ms in aVF, and 12 (39%) had both ECG characteristics, compared to only 1 (7%), 1 (7%), and 0 patient without SCAI, respectively.

Combining R″ in V1 and/or NTP ≥80 ms in aVF into a diagnostic algorithm resulted in a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 87% in detecting SCAI 3. The inter-observer agreement for the diagnostic algorithm was 0.875. In the validation cohort [n = 33, 18 (55%) with SCAI 3], the diagnostic algorithm had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 80% for identifying SCAI 3.

Conclusion

A sinus rhythm ECG-based algorithm including R″ in V1 and/or NTP ≥80 ms in aVF can identify rTOF patients with a SCAI 3 and may contribute to non-invasive risk stratification for VT.
A high-quality de novo genome assembly for clapper rail (Rallus crepitans)
Authors: Elizondo Elisa C , Faircloth Brant C , Brumfield Robb T , Shakya Subir B , Ellis Vincenzo A , Schmidt Carl J , Kovach Adrienne I , Gregory Shriver W
Published: June 2023

The clapper rail (Rallus crepitans), of the family Rallidae, is a secretive marsh bird species that is adapted for high salinity habitats. They are very similar in appearance to the closely related king rail (R. elegans), but while king rails are limited primarily to freshwater marshes, clapper rails are highly adapted to tolerate salt marshes. Both species can be found in brackish marshes where they freely hybridize, but the distribution of their respective habitats precludes the formation of a continuous hybrid zone and secondary contact can occur repeatedly. This system, thus, provides unique opportunities to investigate the underlying mechanisms driving their differential salinity tolerance as well as the maintenance of the species boundary between the 2 species. To facilitate these studies, we assembled a de novo reference genome assembly for a female clapper rail. Chicago and HiC libraries were prepared as input for the Dovetail HiRise pipeline to scaffold the genome. The pipeline, however, did not recover the Z chromosome so a custom script was used to assemble the Z chromosome. We generated a near chromosome level assembly with a total length of 994.8 Mb comprising 13,226 scaffolds. The assembly had a scaffold N50 was 82.7 Mb, L50 of four, and had a BUSCO completeness score of 92%. This assembly is among the most contiguous genomes among the species in the family Rallidae. It will serve as an important tool in future studies on avian salinity tolerance, interspecific hybridization, and speciation.