bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Occurrence of Valproic Acid-Induced Hyperammonemia in Carriers of T1405N Polymorphism in Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 Gene
Authors: Janicki Piotr K. , Bezinover Dmitri , Postula Marek , Thompson Robert S. , Acharya Jayant , Acharya Vinita , McNew Cathy , Bowman J. Daniel , Kurkowska-Jastrzebska Iwona , Mirowska-Guzel Dagmara
Published: August 2013

Numerous cases of severe and life-threatening hyperammonemia (HA) related to the treatment of epileptic seizures with valproic acid (VPA) have been previously reported in the medical literature. The aim of this prospective, multicenter study was to verify the putative association between T1405 polymorphism and occurrence of VPA-induced HA in the cohort of 142 adult Caucasian patients with epilepsy treated with VPA for at least 1 year and with normal liver functions. The nonsynonymous T1405N polymorphism genotyping was performed by real-time TaqMan PCR genotyping. In addition to plasma ammonia level, concentrations of liver enzymes and total VPA were measured in plasma with standard laboratory methods. HA (defined as ammonia plasma level >65 μmol/L) was observed in total of 11 (7.7%) of patients treated with VPA, and the carrier status for the investigated polymorphism was significantly (P=0.009, odds ratio 5.4 with 95% confidence interval of 1.58–18.43) associated with the occurrence of HA. The results of this study support a notion that in the Caucasian patients with epilepsy undergoing VPA therapy, a T1405N (4217C > A, rs1047891) nonsynonymous variant was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of HA, even in patients with normal plasma levels of VPA.
Fuzzy Environmental Model for Evaluating Water Quality of Sangam Zone during Maha Kumbh 2013
Authors: Srivastava Pankaj , Burande Anjali , Sharma Neeraja
Published: August 2013

It is a well-known fact that water is the basic need of human beings. The industrial wastes nearby rivers and several anthropogenic activities are responsible for deteriorating water quality of rivers in India. The present research paper deals with the design and development of soft computing system to assess the water quality of rivers Ganga and Yamuna during the Maha Kumbh 2013 in and around Sangam Zone, Allahabad, by making use of physicochemical parameters relationship.
Effect of Attapulgite Nanorods and Calcium Sulfate Microwhiskers on the Reaction-Induced Phase Separation of Epoxy/PES Blends
Authors: Tang Xiaolin , Zhong Xinhui , Zhan Guozhu , Yu Yingfeng , Zhang Hongdong
Published: August 2013

The influence of two kinds of mesoscale inorganic rod fillers, nanoscale attapulgite and micron-sized CaSO4whisker, on the reaction-induced phase separation of epoxy/aromatic amine/poly- (ether sulfone) (PES) blends has been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and time resolved light scattering (TRLS). By varying the PES concentration and curing temperature, we found that the incorporation of attapulgite and CaSO4had dramatic impact on the phase separation process and the final phase morphology of blends. In blends at higher content than critical concentration, the process of phase separation was retarded by the incorporation of nanoscale fillers but accelerated by that of the micron-sized fillers, mainly due to the enhanced viscoelastic effect and the preferential wettable effect, respectively. Meanwhile both mesoscale fillers could change the cocontinuous phase structure of blends with lower PES content than critical concentration into PES-rich dispersed structure due to the surface affinity of fillers to epoxy matrix.
Micropropagation of Origanum acutidens (HAND.‐MAZZ.) IETSWAART Using Stem Node Explants
Authors: Yildirim Mehmet Ugur
Published: August 2013

Origanum acutidens (HAND.‐MAZZ.) IETSWAART is a promising ornamental plant that can be widely used in landscape management. It is endemic to Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. Tissue culture has not been used to micropropagate it. The study reports stem node explants from one‐week‐old seedlings of the plant for successful micropropagation. The stem nodes were cultured on MS medium containing 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 mg/L BAP with 0.2 mg/L NAA. Visible effects of culture media on shoot proliferation were recorded. Shoot regeneration rate was maximum on MS medium containing 1.80 mg/L BAP‐0.2 mg/L NAA. The micropropagated shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA. All microrooted plantlets survived during acclimatisation on peat moss. It was concluded that O. acutidens can be successfully micropropagated under in vitro conditions.
Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps Working in Direct or Reverse Mode: Focus on the Unsteady Radial Thrust
Authors: Couzinet Anthony , Gros Laurent , Pierrat Daniel
Published: August 2013

Experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out to study the behaviour of a centrifugal pump operating in direct mode or turbine mode. First of all, the complete characteristics (head, power, and efficiency) were measured experimentally using a specific test loop. The numerical data obtained from a CFD study performed with the ANSYS CFX software and based on steady state and unsteady approaches were compared to the experimental results. The representation in the 4 operating quadrants shows the various operating zones where the head is always positive. Then, the unsteady radial forces were analysed from transient computations. The results obtained for the pump operation are consistent with the literature and extended to the nonnormal operating conditions, namely, for very high flowrate values. The evolution of the radial load during turbine operation is presented for various partial flow operating points.
Peripheral Biomarkers in Animal Models of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Carboni Lucia
Published: August 2013

Investigations of preclinical biomarkers for major depressive disorder (MDD) encompass the quantification of proteins, peptides, mRNAs, or small molecules in blood or urine of animal models. Most studies aim at characterising the animal model by including the assessment of analytes or hormones affected in depressive patients. The ultimate objective is to validate the model to better understand the neurobiological basis of MDD. Stress hormones or inflammation-related analytes associated with MDD are frequently measured. In contrast, other investigators evaluate peripheral analytes in preclinical models to translate the results in clinical settings afterwards. Large-scale, hypothesis-free studies are performed in MDD models to identify candidate biomarkers. Other studies wish to propose new targets for drug discovery. Animal models endowed with predictive validity are investigated, and the assessment of peripheral analytes, such as stress hormones or immune molecules, is comprised to increase the confidence in the target. Finally, since the mechanism of action of antidepressants is incompletely understood, studies investigating molecular alterations associated with antidepressant treatment may include peripheral analyte levels. In conclusion, preclinical biomarker studies aid the identification of new candidate analytes to be tested in clinical trials. They also increase our understanding of MDD pathophysiology and help to identify new pharmacological targets.
HLA Markers for Poor Prognosis in Systemic Sclerosis Brazilian Patients
Authors: Del Rio Ana Paula Toledo , Sachetto Zoraida , Sampaio-Barros Percival Degrava , Marques-Neto João Francisco , Londe Ana Carolina Santos , Bertolo Manoel Barros
Published: August 2013

Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) involvement in the disease expression and poor prognostic clinical features (pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension) in patients diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (SSc) in a multiethnic population.Methods. SSc patients followed up between 2008 and 2011 were included, and clinical data were obtained through records review. Molecular HLA typing was performed (polymerase chain reaction amplification technique using specific primer sequences). The statistical analysis involved Fisher’s exact test and Pearson's corrected chi-square test.P  values≤0.05were considered significant. The delta method was used to estimate the variance of the prevalence ratio (PR).Results. A total of 141 patients (120 women and 21 men) with SSc were studied, including 33.3% with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), 62.4% with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc), and 4.3% with sine scleroderma. Pulmonary fibrosis was present in 61 patients (43.3%), and the HLA-A*30 and DQB1*04 alleles were related to susceptibility. In contrast, the HLA-DRB1*01 and DQB1*05 alleles were protective. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was diagnosed in 19 patients (13.5%) and was associated with HLA-B*35 and C*04; in contrast, C*03 seemed to be protective.Conclusions. Our current study documents the association of some classes I and II HLA alleles with the most severe clinical manifestations in a multiethnic case series. Our findings differed slightly from the previous data in other populations.
A Review of Neutron Scattering Applications to Nuclear Materials
Authors: Vogel Sven C.
Published: August 2013

The growing demand for electric energy will require expansion of the amount of nuclear power production in many countries of the world. Research and development in this field will continue to grow to further increase safety and efficiency of nuclear power generation. Neutrons are a unique probe for a wide range of problems related to these efforts, ranging from
crystal chemistry of nuclear fuels to engineering diffraction on cladding or structural materials used in nuclear reactors. Increased flux at modern neutron sources combined with advanced sample environments allows nowadays, for example, studies of reaction kinetics at operating temperatures in a nuclear reactor. Neutrons provide unique data to benchmark simulations and modeling of crystal structure evolution and thermomechanical treatment. Advances in neutron detection recently opened up new avenues of materials characterization using neutron imaging with unparalleled opportunities especially for nuclear materials, where heavy elements (e.g., uranium) need to be imaged together with light elements (e.g., hydrogen, oxygen). This paper summarizes applications of neutron scattering techniques for nuclear materials. Directions for future research, extending the trends observed over the past decade, are discussed.
Preparation and Cyclodextrin Solubilization of the Antibacterial Agent Benzoyl Metronidazole
Authors: Huang Qing , Li Benpeng , Yang Shuo , Ma Peipei , Wang Zhizhong
Published: August 2013

A one‐pot method for the preparation of benzoyl metronidazole was achieved by using N,N′‐carbonyldiimidazole as a coupling reagent. Moreover, it was found that the byproduct imidazole as the catalyst promoted the reaction. In addition, the β‐cyclodextrin solubilization of benzoyl metronidazole was investigated by phase‐solubility method. The phase‐solubility studies indicated that the solubility of benzoyl metronidazole (S = 0.1435 g/L) was substantially increased 9.7‐fold (S′ = 1.3881 g/L) by formation of 1 : 1 benzoyl metronidazole/β‐cyclodextrin complexes in water, and the association constant Ka value was determined to be 251 (±23) dm3/mol. Therefore, β‐cyclodextrin can work as a pharmaceutical solubilizer for benzoyl metronidazole and may improve its oral bioavailability.
Some Results on Fixed and Best Proximity Points of Precyclic Self-Mappings
Authors: De la Sen M.
Published: August 2013

This paper is devoted to investigating the limit properties of distances and the existence and uniqueness of fixed points, best proximity points and existence, and uniqueness of limit cycles, to which the iterated sequences converge, of single-valued, and so-called, contractive precyclic self-mappings which are proposed in this paper. Such self-mappings are defined on the union of a finite set of subsets of uniformly convex Banach spaces under generalized contractive conditions. Each point of a subset is mapped either in some point of the same subset or in a point of the adjacent subset. In the general case, the contractive condition of contractive precyclic self-mappings is admitted to be point dependent and it is only formulated on a complete disposal, rather than on each individual subset, while it involves a condition on the number of iterations allowed within each individual subset before switching to its adjacent one. It is also allowed that the distances in-between adjacent subsets can be mutually distinct including the case of potential pairwise intersection for only some of the pairs of adjacent subsets.
The Influence of No-Primer Adhesives and Anchor Pylons Bracket Bases on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Scribante Andrea , Sfondrini Maria Francesca , Fraticelli Danilo , Daina Paola , Tamagnone Alessandra , Gandini Paola
Published: August 2013

Objective. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of no-primer adhesives tested with two different bracket bases.Materials and Methods. 120 bovine permanent mandibular incisors were divided into 6 groups of 20 specimens. Two brackets (ODP) with different bracket bases (anchor pylons and 80-gauge mesh) were bonded to the teeth using a conventional adhesive (Transbond XT) and two different no-primer adhesive (Ortho Cem; Heliosit) systems. Groups were tested using an instron universal testing machine. SBS values were recorded. ARI scores were measured. SEM microphotographs were taken to evaluate the pattern of bracket bases. Statistical analysis was performed. ANOVA and Tukey tests were carried out for SBS values, whereas a chi-squared test was applied for ARI scores.Results. Highest bond strength values were reported with Transbond XT (with both pad designs), Ortho Cem bonded on anchor pylons and Heliosit on 80-gauge mesh. A higher frequency of ARI score of “3” was reported for Transbond XT groups. Other groups showed a higher frequency of ARI score “2” and “1.”Conclusion. Transbond XT showed the highest shear bond strength values with both pad designs.
Therapeutic Effect of Exendin-4, a Long-Acting Analogue of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist, on Nerve Regeneration after the Crush Nerve Injury
Authors: Yamamoto Koji , Amako Masatoshi , Yamamoto Yoritsuna , Tsuchihara Toyokazu , Nukada Hitoshi , Yoshihara Yasuo , Arino Hiroshi , Fujita Masanori , Uenoyama Maki , Tachibana Shoichi , Nemoto Koichi
Published: August 2013

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormone secreted from enteroendocrine L cells. Its long-acting analogue, exendin-4, is equipotent to GLP-1 and is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, exendin-4 has effects on the central and peripheral nervous system. In this study, we administered repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of exendin-4 to examine whether exendin-4 is able to facilitate the recovery after the crush nerve injury. Exendin-4 injection was started immediately after crush injury and was repeated every day for subsequent 14 days. Rats subjected to sciatic nerve crush exhibited marked functional loss, electrophysiological dysfunction, and atrophy of the tibialis anterior muscle (TA). All these changes, except for the atrophy of TA, were improved significantly by the administration of exendin-4. Functional, electrophysiological, and morphological parameters indicated significant enhancement of nerve regeneration 4 weeks after nerve crush. These results suggest that exendin-4 is feasible for clinical application to treat peripheral nerve injury.
Nanosized Zinc Oxide Induces Toxicity in Human Lung Cells
Authors: Sahu Devashri , Kannan G. M. , Vijayaraghavan R. , Anand T. , Khanum Farhath
Published: August 2013

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are increasingly used in sunscreens, biosensors, food additives, pigments, rubber manufacture, and electronic materials. With the wide application of ZnO-NPs, concern has been raised about its unintentional health and environmental impacts. This study investigates the toxic effects of ZnO-NPs in human lung cells. In order to assess toxicity, human lung epithelial cells (L-132) were exposed to dispersion of 50 nm ZnO-NPs at concentrations of 5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL for 24 h. The toxicity was evaluated by observing changes in cell morphology, cell viability, oxidative stress parameters, DNA damage analysis, and gene expression. Exposure to 50 nm ZnO-NPs at concentrations between 5 and 100 μg/mL decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Morphological examination revealed cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and formation of apoptotic bodies. The oxidative stress parameters revealed significant depletion of GSH level and increase in ROS levels suggesting generation of oxidative stress. ZnO-NPs exposure caused DNA fragmentation demonstrating apoptotic type of cell death. ZnO-NPs increased the expression of metallothionein gene, which is considered as a biomarker in metal-induced toxicity. To summarize, ZnO-NPs cause toxicity in human lung cells possibly through oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
Inflammatory Arthritis, Sacroiliitis, and Morphea: Evidence of a Systemic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Omair Mohammed A. , Johnson Sindhu R.
Published: August 2013

Morphea is a skin disease characterized by local skin inflammation and fibrosis. Extracutaneous manifestations have been described with this disease including inflammatory arthritis. We describe a case of morphea who developed inflammatory polyarthritis and sacroiliitis coincident with new skin lesions.
Flow Cytometric Measurement of Aneuploid DNA Content Correlates with High S-Phase Fraction and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Blanco Rancés , Rengifo Charles E. , Cedeño Mercedes , Frómeta Milagros , Rengifo Enrique
Published: August 2013

Cellular DNA content (ploidy) and proliferation activity (e.g., S-phase fraction) measured by flow cytometry have been usually related to the biologic aggressiveness of various neoplasms. In this study, these parameters were analyzed in paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 43 cases of resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, the correlation of them with both prognosis and a variety of clinic-pathological features were investigated. The stage and the appearance of both local recurrence and metastasis were related to overall survival of patients. Twenty-two tumors (51.2%) had a diploid DNA distribution, while 21 were aneuploid (48.8%). The mean of aneuploidy was 1.6% ± 0.3%. A correlation was found between ploidy and survival as well as with the appearance of local recurrence and/or metastasis. The mean values of S-phase fraction of diploid and aneuploid tumors were 16.7 ± 11.3% and 32.9 ± 12.1%, respectively, which were significantly different (P=0.0022). Similar results were obtained analyzing the proliferation index (sum of cells in S and G2/M phases of cell cycle) (P=0.0040). However, no correlation between these parameters and both overall survival of patients and clinicopathological features was observed. Our results could suggest the potential use of ploidy analysis as a useful complement of TNM stage in NSCLC.
Association of TAP Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Natter Camilla , Polterauer Stephan , Rahhal-Schupp Jasmin , Cacsire Castillo-Tong Dan , Pils Sophie , Speiser Paul , Zeillinger Robert , Heinze Georg , Grimm Christoph
Published: August 2013

Background.Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is responsible for peptide loading onto class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecules. TAP seems to facilitate the detection of HPV by MHC-I molecules and contributes to successful eradication of HPV. TAP polymorphisms could have an important impact on the course of HPV infection.Objective.The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between five TAP gene polymorphisms and the risk of CIN.Methods.This case-control study investigated five common TAP polymorphisms in TAP1 (1341 and 2254) and TAP2 (1135, 1693, and 1993) in 616 women with CIN and 206 controls. Associations between gene polymorphisms and risk of CIN were analysed by univariate and multivariable models. The combined effect of the five TAP gene polymorphisms on the risk for CIN was investigated by haplotype analysis.Results.No significant difference in genotype distribution of the five TAP polymorphisms was observed in women with CIN and controls. Haplotype analysis revealed that women with haplotype mut-wt-wt-wt-wt (TAP polymorphisms t1135-t1341-t1693-t1993-t2254) had a significantly lower risk for CIN, compared to women with the haplotype wt-wt-wt-wt-wt (; OR 0.5 []).Conclusion.Identification of this haplotype combination could be used to identify women, less susceptible for development of CIN following HPV infection.
Massive Intra-Abdominal Imatinib-Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a 21-Year-Old Male
Authors: Falor Ann , Arrington Amanda K. , Luu Carrie , Schoellhammer Hans F. , Ko Michelle , Chow Warren , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Park Jinha , Kim Joseph
Published: August 2013

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in adolescence are far less common than adult GISTs and have varied GIST genotypes that present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Here, we discuss a 21-year-old male with diagnosis of unresectable, imatinib-resistant GIST. At initial evaluation, a neoadjuvant treatment approach was recommended. As such, the patient received imatinib over the course of one year. Unfortunately, the GIST increased in size, and a subsequent attempt at surgical resection was aborted fearing infiltration of major vascular structures. The patient was then referred to our institution, at which time imatinib therapy was discontinued. Surgical intervention was again considered and the patient underwent successful resection of massive intra-abdominal GIST with total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy. Since pediatric GISTs are typically resistant to imatinib, we performed genotype analysis of the operative specimen that revealed KIT mutations associated with imatinib sensitivity and resistance. Given the sequencing data and operative findings, the patient was started postoperatively on sunitinib. This case illustrates the importance of understanding both adult and pediatric GISTs when implementing appropriate treatment regimens. Since the genotype of GISTs dictates phenotypic behavior, mutational analysis is an important component of care especially for adolescents whose disease may mirror the pediatric or adult population.
In VivoBiocompatibility of PLGA-Polyhexylthiophene Nanofiber Scaffolds in a Rat Model
Authors: Subramanian Anuradha , Krishnan Uma Maheswari , Sethuraman Swaminathan
Published: August 2013

Electroactive polymers have applications in tissue engineering as a physical template for cell adhesion and carry electrical signals to improve tissue regeneration. Present study demonstrated the biocompatibility and biodegradability of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (PLGA-PHT) blend electrospun scaffolds in a subcutaneous rat model. The biocompatibility of PLGA-undoped PHT, PLGA-doped PHT, and aligned PLGA-doped PHT nanofibers was evaluated and compared with random PLGA fibers. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks; the surrounding tissue along with the implant was removed to evaluate biocompatibility and biodegradability by histologic analysis and GPC, respectively. Histology results demonstrated that all scaffolds except PLGA-undoped PHT showed decrease in inflammation over time. It was observed that the aligned PLGA-doped PHT fibers elicited moderate response at 2 weeks, which further reduced to a mild response over time with well-organized tissue structure and collagen deposition. The degradation of aligned nanofibers was found to be very slow when compared to random fibers. Further, there was no reduction in the molecular weight of undoped form of PHT throughout the study. These experiments revealed the biocompatibility and biodegradability of PLGA-PHT nanofibers that potentiate it to be used as a biomaterial for various applications.
Effects of Hole-Collecting Buffer Layers and Electrodes on the Performance of Flexible Plastic Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Woo Sungho , Lyu Hong-Kun , Han Yoon Soo , Kim Youngkyoo
Published: August 2013

Here we report the influences of the sheet resistance (Rsheet) of a hole-collecting electrode (indium tin oxide, ITO) and the conductivity of a hole-collecting buffer layer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS) on the device performance of flexible plastic organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. The series resistance (RS) of OPV devices steeply increases with increasingRsheetof the ITO electrode, which leads to a significant decrease of short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency, while the open-circuit voltage (VOC) was almost constant. By applying high-conductivity PEDOT:PSS, the efficiency of OPV devices with highRsheetvalues of 160 Ω/□ and 510 Ω/□ is greatly improved, by a factor of 3.5 and 6.5, respectively. These results indicate that the conductivities of ITO and PEDOT:PSS will become more important to consider for manufacturing large-area flexible plastic OPV modules.
Erlotinib and Concurrent Chemoradiation in Pretreated NSCLC Patients: Radiobiological Basis and Clinical Results
Authors: Ramella Sara , Alberti Antonio Maria , Cammilluzzi Eugenio , Fiore Michele , Ippolito Edy , Greco Carlo , De Quarto Angelo Luca , Ramponi Sara , Apolone Giovanni , Trodella Lucio , Cesario Alfredo , D’Angelillo Rolando Maria
Published: August 2013

Aims. To establish feasibility of the combination of Erlotinib and concurrent chemoradiation in pre-treated patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC.Materials and Methods.Data regarding 60 consecutive patients with NSCLC previously treated with chemotherapy alone were prospectically collected. All patients started Erlotinib concurrently with chemotherapy and radiation delivered to primary tumor. These data were retrospectively analyzed (observational study). Feasibility and toxicity were the primary endpoints, with response rate and progression being the secondary ones, while survival data are reported just as exploratory analysis. The EGFR mutational status was recorded in 32% of cases and it was always wild type.Results. Compliance to the combination protocol was good. Grade 3-4 esophagitis and acute lung toxicity occurred in 2% and 8% of patients, respectively. No progressive disease was recorded in the majority of cases (65%). Median OS and PFS were 23.3 and 4.7 months, respectively. Patients not responding to chemotherapy administered prior to chemoradiation achieved an objective response rate of 53.3% and complete response in 13.3% of cases.Conclusions. The addition of Erlotinib to chemoradiation in inoperable NSCLCs is feasible with interesting efficacy profile. These preliminary results warrant further investigation in patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic NSCLC with EGFR mutations.
Promotion of Hepatic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Decellularized Cell-Deposited Extracellular Matrix
Authors: He Hongliang , Liu Xiaozhen , Peng Liang , Gao Zhiliang , Ye Yun , Su Yujie , Zhao Qiyi , Wang Ke , Gong Yihong , He Fan
Published: August 2013

Interactions between stem cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) are requisite for inducing lineage-specific differentiation and maintaining biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells by providing a composite set of chemical and structural signals. Here we investigated if cell-deposited ECM mimickedin vivoliver's stem cell microenvironment and facilitated hepatogenic maturation. Decellularization process preserved the fibrillar microstructure and a mix of matrix proteins in cell-deposited ECM, such as type I collagen, type III collagen, fibronectin, and laminin that were identical to those found in native liver. Compared with the cells on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) cultured on cell-deposited ECM showed a spindle-like shape, a robust proliferative capacity, and a suppressed level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, accompanied with upregulation of two superoxide dismutases. Hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from BM-MSCs on ECM were determined with a more intensive staining of glycogen storage, an elevated level of urea biosynthesis, and higher expressions of hepatocyte-specific genes in contrast to those on TCPS. These results demonstrate that cell-deposited ECM can be an effective method to facilitate hepatic maturation of BM-MSCs and promote stem-cell-based liver regenerative medicine.
Signal Integrity Analysis in Single and Bundled Carbon Nanotube Interconnects
Authors: Majumder Manoj Kumar , Pandya Nisarg D. , Kaushik B. K. , Manhas S. K.
Published: August 2013

Carbon nanotube (CNT) can be considered as an emerging interconnect material in current nanoscale regime. They are more promising than other interconnect materials such as Al or Cu because of their robustness to electromigration. This research paper aims to address the crosstalk-related issues (signal integrity) in interconnect lines. Different analytical models of single- (SWCNT), double- (DWCNT), and multiwalled CNTs (MWCNT) are studied to analyze the crosstalk delay at global interconnect lengths. A capacitively coupled three-line bus architecture employing CMOS driver is used for accurate estimation of crosstalk delay. Each line in bus architecture is represented with the equivalent RLC models of single and bundled SWCNT, DWCNT, and MWCNT interconnects. Crosstalk delay is observed at middle line (victim) when it switches in opposite direction with respect to the other two lines (aggressors). Using the data predicted by ITRS 2012, a comparative analysis on the basis of crosstalk delay is performed for bundled SWCNT/DWCNT and single MWCNT interconnects. It is observed that the overall crosstalk delay is improved by 40.92% and 21.37% for single MWCNT in comparison to bundled SWCNT and bundled DWCNT interconnects, respectively.
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Ni and Carbon Coated Ni by Levitational Gas Condensation (LGC)
Authors: Uhm Young Rang , Rhee Chang Kyu
Published: August 2013

The nickel (Ni), and carbon coated nickel (Ni@C) nanoparticles were synthesized by levitaional gas condensation (LGC) methods using a micron powder feeding (MPF) system. Both metal and carbon coated metal nano powders include a magnetic ordered phase. The synthesis by LGC yields spherical particles with a large coercivity. The abnormal initial magnetization curve for Ni indicates a non‐collinear magnetic structure between the core and surface layer of the particles. The carbon coated particles had a core structure diameter at and below 10 nm and were covered by 2‐3 nm thin carbon layers. The hysteresis loop of the as‐prepared Ni@Cs materials with unsaturated magnetization shows a superparamagnetic state at room temperature.
Proteomic Analysis of the Effect of Acupuncture on the Suppression of Kainic Acid-Induced Neuronal Destruction in Mouse Hippocampus
Authors: Bae Chang-Hwan , Kim Dong-Soo , Jun Ye Lee , Kwon Sunoh , Park Hi-Joon , Hahm Dae-Hyun , Lee Hyejung , Kim Seung-Tae
Published: August 2013

Kainic acid (KA) is a neurotoxin that induces epileptic seizures and excitotoxicity in the hippocampus. Acupuncture is frequently used as an alternative therapy for epilepsy, and it has been known to protect hippocampal neurons against KA toxicity. Using proteomic analysis, we investigated protein expression changes in the hippocampus following acupuncture stimulation at HT8. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (20–25 g) received acupuncture treatment at HT8 acupoint bilaterally once a day for 3 days and were then administered KA (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Twenty-four hours after KA injection, neuronal survival and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus were measured, and protein expression in the hippocampus was identified by 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Acupuncture stimulation at HT8 suppressed KA-induced neuronal death and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus. We identified the changes in the expression of 11 proteins by KA or acupuncture stimulation at HT8 and found that acupuncture stimulation at HT8 normalized the expression of dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 and upregulated the expression of transcriptional activator protein pur-alpha, serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 5, and T-complex protein 1 subunit alpha, which are related to the survival of neurons. These results suggest that acupuncture stimulation at HT8 changes protein expression profiles in the hippocampus in favor of neuronal survival in KA-treated mice.
Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Cell Viability Evaluation of Long-Circulating and pH-Sensitive Liposomes Containing Ursolic Acid
Authors: Caldeira de Araújo Lopes Sávia , Vinícius Melo Novais Marcus , Salviano Teixeira Cláudia , Honorato-Sampaio Kinulpe , Tadeu Pereira Márcio , Ferreira Lucas Antônio Miranda , Braga Fernão Castro , Cristina Oliveira Mônica
Published: August 2013

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although several drugs are used clinically, some tumors either do not respond or are resistant to the existing pharmacotherapy, thus justifying the search for new drugs. Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpene found in different plant species that has been shown to possess significant antitumor activity. However, UA presents a low solubility in aqueous medium, which presents a barrier to its biological applications. In this context, the use of liposomes presents a promising strategy to deliver UA and allow for its intravenous administration. In this work, long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes containing UA (SpHL-UA) were developed, and their chemical and physicochemical properties were evaluated. SpHL-UA presented adequate properties, including a mean diameter of 191.1 ± 6.4 nm, a zeta potential of 1.2 ± 1.4 mV, and a UA entrapment of 0.77 ± 0.01 mg/mL. Moreover, this formulation showed a good stability after having been stored for 2 months at 4°C. The viability studies on breast (MDA-MB-231) and prostate (LNCaP) cancer cell lines demonstrated that SpHL-UA treatment significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the results of the present work suggest the applicability of SpHL-UA as a new and promising anticancer formulation.
Current Progress and Challenges in the Search for Autism Biomarkers
Authors: Voineagu Irina , Yoo Hee Jeong
Published: August 2013

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encompass a range of neurodevelopmental conditions that are clinically and etiologically very heterogeneous. ASD is currently diagnosed entirely on behavioral criteria, but intensive research efforts are focused on identifying biological markers for disease risk and early diagnosis. Here, we discuss recent progress toward identifying biological markers for ASD and highlight specific challenges as well as ethical aspects of translating ASD biomarker research into the clinic.
Experimental Investigation of Thermal Conductivity and Effusivity of Ferrite Based Nanofluids under Magnetic Field
Authors: Singh Ashok K. , Raykar Vijay S.
Published: August 2013

We investigate the effect of magnetic field (H) on the thermal conductivity (λ) and effusivity (ε) of cobalt ferrite based nanofluids having different concentrations (ϕ). Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized using the microwave assisted method. At high volume fraction of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in water (ϕ > 0), both thermal parameters have been found to be suppressed relative to ϕ and λ of water in the absence of H. However, it is seen that percentage values of the effusivity in perpendicular field direction show negative to positive variation, and thermal conductivity in parallel field direction shows negative to zero variation.
From the Mediterranean to the Sea of Japan: The Transcontinental Odyssey of Autoinflammatory Diseases
Authors: Rigante Donato , Frediani Bruno , Galeazzi Mauro , Cantarini Luca
Published: August 2013

Autoinflammatory diseases are comprehensively caused by aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines and are revealed by cyclically and spontaneously occurring inflammatory events. Over the last decade, there has been a revolution in the understanding of periodic fever syndromes, cryopyrinopathies, and skin disorders with pyogenic, granulomatous, or dystrophic features, which have been recognized across different countries spanning from the Mediterranean basin to the Japanese archipelago. Many children and adults with autoinflammatory diseases continue to elude diagnosis, and the diagnostic delay of many years puts these patients at risk of long-term severe complications, such as amyloidosis. Any hint of suspicion of autoinflammatory disease thus needs to be highlighted in various medical specialties, and this review examines their frequencies around the world, trying to match them with geographic location, ethnic and genetic data, in an attempt to realize a geoepidemiologic map for most of these conditions.
Towards Efficient and Secure Geographic Routing Protocol for Hostile Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Lyu Chen , Gu Dawu , Zhang Yuanyuan , Lin Tingting , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: August 2013

Traditional routing protocols are quite vulnerable under the attacks from both external and internal attackers. In this work, we examine the impact of a wide variety of attacks in malicious wireless sensor networks scenario. An Efficient and Secure Geographic Routing protocol ESGR is proposed to exploit the geographic location, cryptography mechanisms, and broadcast nature of the wireless channel. ESGR utilizes the geographic leashes and the TESLA scheme to provide resistance against the Sybil attack and wormhole attack. Meanwhile, it employs a distributed trust model and the packets opportunistic forwarding to prevent black hole and gray hole attacks. We demonstrate the results through analysis and simulations that ESGR effectively mitigates a specific variety of attacks and ensures high packet delivery rate in malicious sensor network environment.
Biomarkers in Schizophrenia: A Brief Conceptual Consideration
Authors: Weickert Cynthia S. , Weickert Thomas W. , Pillai Anil , Buckley Peter F.
Published: August 2013

Biomarkers have been sought after in the field of schizophrenia research for decades. In this paper, we discuss some of the concepts around developing biomarkers in an effort to understand why the use of biomarkers for schizophrenia has not been realized. In particular, we address the following 4 questions. Why would we need a diagnostic biomarker for schizophrenia? How is a biomarker typically defined and how does that influence the discovery of biomarkers in schizophrenia? What is the best use of biomarkers in schizophrenia? Do any biomarkers for schizophrenia currently exist? Thus, while we suggest that no biomarker currently exists for schizophrenia, the heterogeneity associated with schizophrenia will most likely need to be taken into account which will result in multiple biomarkers that identify the multiple underlying pathophysiological processes involved in schizophrenia. Therefore, much additional work will be required prior to obtaining any well-established biomarkers for schizophrenia.
Characterization of Newly Synthesized ZrFe2O5 Nanomaterial and Investigations of Its Tremendous Photocatalytic Properties under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Shahid Shaukat Ali , Nafady Ayman , Ullah Inam , Taufiq-Yap Yun H. , Shakir Imran , Anwar Farooq , Rashid Umer
Published: August 2013

High functional ZrFe2O5 nanoparticles were synthesized using coprecipitation technique. The chemical composition of nanomaterials was studied by energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX). To observe the morphology, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) was used. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique was utilized to appraise the structure of the synthesized material. The photocatalytic behavior of ZrFe2O5 nano‐particles was investigated by measuring the degradation rate of toluidine blue O (TBO) dye in aqueous solution in the presence of ZrFe2O5 nano‐particles under visible light irradiation. A steady decrease in absorption peak under visible light irradiation was observed by increasing exposure time. The degradation efficiency was observed as 92% after 140 min of exposure to visible light. Besides, ZrFe2O5 nanophotocatalyst could be recovered and recycled easily. The rate of TBO and total organic carbon (TOC) removal under visible light irradiation decreased by only 5% and 10%, respectively, after seven cycles of use, demonstrating the high photostability of the synthesized nano‐photocatalyst material.
A Novel Optimized Golomb-Rice Technique for the Reconstruction in Lossless Compression of Digital Images
Authors: Basha Shaik. Mahaboob , Jinaga B. C.
Published: August 2013

The research trends that are available in the area of image compression for various imaging applications are not adequate for some of the applications. These applications require good visual quality in processing. In general the tradeoff between compression efficiency and picture quality is the most important parameter to validate the work. The existing algorithms for still image compression were developed by considering the compression efficiency parameter by giving least importance to the visual quality in processing. Hence, we proposed a novel lossless image compression algorithm based on Golomb-Rice coding which was efficiently suited for various types of digital images. Thus, in this work, we specifically address the following problem that is to maintain the compression ratio for better visual quality in the reconstruction and considerable gain in the values of peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSNR). We considered medical images, satellite extracted images, and natural images for the inspection and proposed a novel technique to increase the visual quality of the reconstructed image.
The Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Cancer Metastasis and Microenvironment
Authors: Sasaki Takamitsu , Hiroki Kuniyasu , Yamashita Yuichi
Published: August 2013

Despite significant improvements in diagnosis, surgical techniques, and advancements in general patient care, the majority of deaths from cancer are caused by the metastases. There is an urgent need for an improved understanding of the cellular and molecular factors that promote cancer metastasis. The process of cancer metastasis depends on multiple interactions between cancer cells and host cells. Studies investigating the TGFα-EGFR signaling pathways that promote the growth and spread of cancer cells. Moreover, the signaling activates not only tumor cells, but also tumor-associated endothelial cells. TGFα-EGFR signaling in colon cancer cells creates a microenvironment that is conducive for metastasis, providing a rationale for efforts to inhibit EGFR signaling in TGFα-positive cancers. In this review, we describe the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer metastasis.
Development of Bioadhesive Chitosan Superporous Hydrogel Composite Particles Based Intestinal Drug Delivery System
Authors: Chavda Hitesh , Modhia Ishan , Mehta Anant , Patel Rupal , Patel Chhagan
Published: August 2013

Bioadhesive superporous hydrogel composite (SPHC) particles were developed for an intestinal delivery of metoprolol succinate and characterized for density, porosity, swelling, morphology, and bioadhesion studies. Chitosan and HPMC were used as bioadhesive and release retardant polymers, respectively. A 32full factorial design was applied to optimize the concentration of chitosan and HPMC. The drug loaded bioadhesive SPHC particles were filled in capsule, and the capsule was coated with cellulose acetate phthalate and evaluated for drug content,in vitrodrug release, and stability studies. To ascertain the drug release kinetics, the drug release profiles were fitted for mathematical models. The prepared system remains bioadhesive up to eight hours in intestine and showed Hixson-Crowell release with anomalous nonfickian type of drug transport. The application of SPHC polymer particles as a biomaterial carrier opens a new insight into bioadhesive drug delivery system and could be a future platform for other molecules for intestinal delivery.
A Case of Old Calcifying Epithelioma Processed Symptomless over 40 Years
Authors: Yamaguchi Shinji , Inui Madoka , Takeoka Takashi , Okumura Kenya , Tagawa Toshiro
Published: August 2013

Calcifying epithelioma, a benign tumor derived from the hair apparatus and consisted of hair matrix cells, is relatively prevalent in females. We report a case of right preauricular calcifying epithelioma that was incidentally detected at the examination of multiple facial fractures and became an old lesion without symptoms for 40 years. The patient who was a 42-year-old male visited our department for the first time in October 2011 with a chief complaint of multiple facial fractures. Radiographic imaging demonstrated fracture lines at the anterior and posterior walls of the left maxillary sinus and zygomatic arch and revealed a mass at a right preauricular area. The extraction was performed under general anaesthesia. No recurrence has been observed 15 months after surgery. We also reviewed the literature of calcifying epithelioma.
Comparative Effectiveness of After-School Programs to Increase Physical Activity
Authors: Gesell Sabina B. , Sommer Evan C. , Lambert E. Warren , Vides de Andrade Ana Regina , Whitaker Lauren , Davis Lauren , Beech Bettina M. , Mitchell Stephanie J. , Arinze Nkiruka , Neloms Stevon , Ryan Colleen K. , Barkin Shari L.
Published: August 2013

Background. We conducted a comparative effectiveness analysis to evaluate the difference in the amount of physical activity children engaged in when enrolled in a physical activity-enhanced after-school program based in a community recreation center versus a standard school-based after-school program.Methods. The study was a natural experiment with 54 elementary school children attending the community ASP and 37 attending the school-based ASP. Accelerometry was used to measure physical activity. Data were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, with 91% retention.Results. At baseline, 43% of the multiethnic sample was overweight/obese, and the mean age was 7.9 years (SD = 1.7). Linear latent growth models suggested that the average difference between the two groups of children at Week 12 was 14.7 percentage points in moderate-vigorous physical activity (P<.001). Cost analysis suggested that children attending traditional school-based ASPs—at an average cost of $17.67 per day—would need an additional daily investment of $1.59 per child for 12 weeks to increase their moderate-vigorous physical activity by a model-implied 14.7 percentage points.Conclusions. A low-cost, alternative after-school program featuring adult-led physical activities in a community recreation center was associated with increased physical activity compared to standard-of-care school-based after-school program.
Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate and Serum of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lim Mann Ying , Thomas Paul S.
Published: August 2013

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are leading causes of deaths worldwide which are associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Lung cancer, in particular, has a very high mortality rate due to the characteristically late diagnosis. As such, identification of novel biomarkers which allow for early diagnosis of these diseases could improve outcome and survival rate. Markers of oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are examples of potential diagnostic markers for both COPD and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They may even be useful in monitoring treatment response. In the serum, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 of the S100 proteins are proinflammatory markers. They have been indicated in several inflammatory diseases and cancers including secondary metastasis into the lung. It is highly likely that they not only have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC but also prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets.