bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Staff Nurses on Immediate Physiological Problems Occurring due to Chemotherapy: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Chopra Nidhi , Garg Pardeep , Rani Bimla
Published: July 2023

Background: People undergoing chemotherapy will have side effects, usually occurring such as nausea and vomiting, alopecia, pain, fatigue, neutropenia, mouth sores, and thrombocytopenia. Some side effects can be serious enough to create delays in treatment. These may include febrile neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, etc. The objectives were formulated to carry out the study to assess the knowledge of staff nurses on immediate physiological problems occurring due to chemotherapy. Methods: The study opted to use a descriptive approach to its methodology. The research was conducted at the Patel Multispecialty Hospital in Jalandhar, which is located in the state of Punjab in India. The information was gathered from eighty staff nurses using the convenient sample technique and a self-structured questionnaire, and it was then analyzed to determine the level of knowledge possessed by the staff nurses. When doing the analysis of the data, both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized. Pender’s model of health promotion served as the inspiration for the conceptual framework that this study employed. Results: The overall aspect-wise mean knowledge score was 13.63 with an SD of 5.509 and the total percentage was 40%. In the present communication, we have observed that in the age group 41–50 years has good knowledge of chemotherapy and its immediate side effects rather than others. Conclusion: The nurses with a B.Sc. degree having more information as compared to GNMs followed by those who were working more than 5 years has good knowledge of the side effects of chemotherapy as compared to other staff. Hence, there is a need for an information guide sheet related to immediate physiological problems and the management of chemotherapy, which will be useful to improve the knowledge of staff nurses
Assessment of Level of Stress and Coping Strategies Adopted by Couples Seeking Treatment for Infertility in Hospitals of Selected Areas
Authors: Rose Shibin Karishma , Naikare Vishal
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The child is an important member in the family, having children is in fact a part of marriage. In most of the societies, children are considered as a natural result of union of man and a woman in the institution of marriage. In all cultures, being pregnant or to produce a child is considered as a major event in the family. If a couple fails to conceive for a year after regular sexual intercourse without contraception, they are called infertile. Objectives: The study assessed the level of stress and coping strategies adopted by couples seeking treatment for infertility. Methods: A non-experimental, exploratory, and descriptive method was used to assess stress and coping. The data were collected from 60 couples seeking treatment for infertility using a semi-structured questionnaire and Modified Likert Scale from the selected hospitals of Pune. Results: Data analysis reveals that 61.7% of the husbands had moderate stress whereas only 30% was found in wife. About 70% of wife had mild stress and 33.3% was found among husband. About 5% of severe stress was observed in husband whereas wife had none. About 78.33% of the husband had average coping whereas 65% was found in wife. About 23.33% wives had good coping and 13.3% was found in husband. Poor coping was found in 11.66% of the wives and 8.3% among husband. Stress among wives was found to have significant association with demographic variable “religion” compared to others. Conclusion: The present study shows that majority of the couples were able to cope though they had stress regarding infertility.
Removal of Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury Ions Using Biosorption
Authors: H. Sulaymon Abbas , E. Ebrahim Shahlaa , J. Al – Musawi Tariq , M. Abdullah Sama
Published: July 2023

The biosorption of Pb (II), Cd (II), and Hg (II) from simulated aqueous solutions using baker’s yeast biomass was investigated. Batch type experiments were carried out to find the equilibrium isotherm data for each component (single, binary, and ternary), and the adsorption rate constants. Kinetics pseudo-first and second order rate models applied to the adsorption data to estimate the rate constant for each solute, the results showed that the Cd (II), Pb (II), and Hg (II) uptake process followed the pseudo-second order rate model with (R2) 0.963, 0.979, and 0.960 respectively. The equilibrium isotherm data were fitted with five theoretical models. Langmuir model provides the best fitting for the experimental results with (R2) 0.992, 0.9987, and 0.9995 for Cd (II), Pb (II), and Hg (II) respectively. The effect of various influent adsorbates concentrations, and flow rates on the performance of fixed bed adsorber was found for the three heavy metals.A mathematical model was formulated to describe the breakthrough curves in the fixed bed adsorber for each component. The results show that the mathematical model provides a good description of the adsorption process for Cd (II), Pb (II), and Hg (II) onto fixed bed of baker’s yeast biomass.
Kinetic and Isotherm Modeling of Adsorption of Dyes onto Sawdust
Authors: K. Shakir Ibtehal
Published: July 2023

Sawdust has the ability to adsorb the dyestuff from aqueous solution. It may be useful low cost adsorbent for the treatment of effluents, discharged from textile industries. The effectiveness of sawdust has been tested for the removal of color from the wastewater samples containing two dyes namely Direct Blue (DB) and Vat Yellow (VY). Effect of various parameters such as agitation time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration of each dye has been investigated in the present study. The adsorption of dyes has been tested with various adsorption isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherms model is found to be the most suitable one for the dye adsorption using sawdust and the maximum adsorption capacity is 8.706 mg/g and 6.975 mg/g for DB and VY respectively. The adsorption process is best described by second-order kinetics and the corresponding rate constants (K2) are obtained which are found to be 0.2837g/mg.min and 0.1274 g/mg.min for DB and VY respectively at the maximum concentration.
Effect of the Forming Conditions in the Production of Gamma Alumina Catalyst Support on the Crushing Strength Property
Authors: Dhari Jawad Alaa , Richeh Ibrahim , Ahmed Saleh Riad
Published: July 2023

An investigation was conducted for the determination of the effects of the forming conditions in the production of Gamma Alumina catalyst support on the crushing strength property. Eight variables were studied , they are ;binder content which is the sodium silicate , Solvent content which is the water, speed of mixing , time of mixing, drying temperature , drying time , calcinations temperature and the calcinations timeDesign of the experiments was made by using the response Surface method in Minitab 15 software which supply us 90 experiments .The results of this investigation show that the crushing strength for the dried Gamma alumina extrudate was affected by the drying temperature and the drying time only and there is no interaction effect between the variables studied.Furthermore, the results show that, the crushing strength for the calcined extrudate was affected by the speed of mixing only and the optimum speed is 900rpm.The maximum crushing strength of 38.38 after calcinations and 11.865 Kg/mm after drying were obtained
Study on Vanadium Recovery from Spent Catalyst Used in the Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid
Authors: M. Mousa Khalid , K. Kouba Safa
Published: July 2023

Spent catalysts for sulfuric acid production have large amount of vanadium and due to environmental authority it is required to reduce the vanadium contain of the spent catalyst. Experimental investigation was conducted to study the vanadium recovery from spent catalyst via leaching process using sodium hydroxide to study the effect of process variables (temperatures, sodium hydroxide molarities, leaching time and particle size) on vanadium recovery. The effect of process variables (temperature, particle size,molarities of sodium hydroxide and leaching time) on the percentages of vanadium recovery were investigated and discussed .It was found that the percentage of vanadium recovery increased with increasing temperature up to 100 , increasing sodium hydroxide molarity from 2 to 4M, increasing leaching time, decreasing particle size from mesh 150, 100 and 65. A complete vanadium recovery was achieved at the following conditions: temperature (100˚c), particle size (150 mesh ) molarity of Na OH(4 molar) and leaching time(5 h).
REMOVAL of HEAVY METALS IONS from AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING BIOSORPTION onto BAMBOO
Authors: J. M. Slaiman Qasim , Kh. Haweel Cecilia , R. Abdulmajeed Yossor
Published: July 2023

Feasibility of biosorbent of England bamboo plant origin was tested for removal of priority metal ions such as Cu and Zn from aqueous solutions in single metal state. Batch single metal state experiments were performed to determine the effect of dosage (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g), pH (3, 4, 4.5, 5 and 6), mixing speed (90, 111, 131, 156 and 170 rpm), temperature (20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) and metal ion concentration (10, 50, 70, 90 and 100 mg/L) on the ability of dried biomass to remove metal from solutions which were investigated. Dried powder of bamboo removed (for single metal state) about 74 % Cu and 69% Zn and maximum uptake of Cu and Zn was 7.39 mg/g and 6.96 mg/g respectively, from 100 mg/L of synthetic metal solution in 120 min. of contact time at pH 4.5 and 25°C with continuous stirring at 170 rpm. Experimental results have been analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Both equilibrium sorption isotherms were found to represent well the measured sorption data, but Freundlich isotherm was better than Langmuir isotherm. The effect of time was studied and the rate of removal of Cu (II) and Zn (II) ions from aqueous solution by bamboo plant was found. The rates of sorption of copper and zinc were rapid initially within 5-15 minutes and reached a maximum in about 60 minutes.
PREDICTION OF FINITE CONCENTRATIONBEHAVIOR FROM INFINITE DILUTION EGUILIBRIUM DATA
Authors: O. Abdullahil Mahmoud , M Hameed Venus , M. Haddad Basma
Published: July 2023

Experimental activity coefficients at infinite dilution are particularly useful for calculating the parameters needed in an expression for the excess Gibbs energy. If reliable values of γ∞1 and γ∞2 are available, either from direct experiment or from a correlation, it is possible to predict the composition of the azeotrope and vapor-liquid equilibrium over the entire range of composition. These can be used to evaluate two adjustable constants in any desired expression for G E. In this study MOSCED model and SPACE model are two different methods were used to calculate γ∞1 and γ∞2
DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMUM OPERATING CONDITIONS IN THE GRANULATION OF GAMMA ALUMINA CATALYST SUPPORT
Authors: Dhari Jawad Alaa , Richeh Ibrahim , Saleh Ahmed
Published: July 2023

Granulation Technique for Gamma Alumina Catalyst Support was employed in inclined disk granulator (IDG), rotary drum granulator (RD) and extrusion – spheronization equipments .Product with wide size range can be produced with only few parameters like rpm of equipment, ratio of binder and angle of inclination. The investigation was conducted for determination the optimum operating conditions in the three above different granulation equipments.Results reveal that the optimum operating conditions to get maximum granulation occurred at ( speed: 31rpm , Inclination:420 , binder ratio:225,300% ) for the IDG,( speed: 68rpm , Inclination: 12.50 , binder ratio: 300% ) for the RD and ( speed:1200rpm , time of rotation: 1-2min )for the Caleva spheronizer used in the extrusion spheronization method. These results are compatible with similar works on granulation of different materials [1, 2, and 3].
THE USE of DIRECT SOLAR ENERGY in ABSORPTION REFREGERATION EMPLOYING NH3 – H2O SYSTEM
Authors: A. Al-Hemiri Adel , Deaa Nasiaf Ahmed
Published: July 2023

This work was conducted to study the coefficient of performance for solar absorption refrigeration by using direct solar energy using aqueous ammonia 0.45 mass fraction (ammonia – water).The experiments were carried out in solar absorption system .The system consisted of solar collector generator (0.25 m × 0.25 m × 0.04m) and condenser cooled by a water bath followed by liquid receiver and evaporator. The results showed that the maximum generator temperature was (92° - 97°) during June 2009, and the minimum evaporator temperature was (5°C - 10°C) for aqua ammonia system.. It was, also, found that the coefficient of performance, cooling ratio and amount of cooling obtainable increased with increasing maximum generator temperature and pressure. While the minimum evaporator temperature and concentration decreased with increasing maximum generator temperature and pressure. The coefficient of performance was (0.1096 - 0.2396).
E'XCESS VOLUMES OF HEAVY OIL- STOCKS MIXTURES+ (KEROSENE OR XYLENE) AT 3O3 K
Authors: M. Al-Qamaje Haidar
Published: July 2023

Binary mixtures of three heavy oil-stocks had been subjected to density measurments. The data had been aquired on the volumetric behaviour of these systems. The heavy oil-stocks used were of good varity, namely 40 stock , 60 stock, and 150 stock, 40 stock is the lightest one with the API gravity 33.7 while 60 stock is middle type and 150 stock is heavy one, with API gravity 27.7 and 23.8 respectively. Stocks with Kerosene or Xylene for non-ideal mixtures for which excess volume can be positive or  negative. Mixture of heavy-oil stocks with paraffinic spike (Kerosene) show negative excess volume. While, aromatic rings results a lower positive excess volume, as shown in Xylene when blending with 40 stock and 60 stock but a negative excess volume when blending with 150 stock. The gravity of oil-stocks has an effect on excess volume when the oil-stocks spiked with Kerosene or Xylene. Those, 40 stock as typical light type resulted in minimum negative excess volume of -2.18, when it was spiked with the Kerosene, while the spiked heavy oil-stock with Kerosene gave a maximum excess volume of -11.2 The Redlich-Kister equation was used to fit the excess volume values, and the coefficients and estimate of the standard error values were presented.
PARAMETRIC STUDY OF NATURAL CONVECTIVE AND RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN INCLINED CYLINDRICAL ANNULI
Authors: Hadi Al-Hafidh Manal , S. Safwat Lina
Published: July 2023

The unsteady state laminar mixed convection and radiation through inclinedcylindrical annulus is investigated numerically. The two heat transfer mechanisms ofconvection and radiation are treated independently and simultaneously. The outercylinder was kept at a constant temperature while the inner cylinder was heated withconstant heat flux. The study involved numerical solution of the governing equationswhich are continuity, momentum and energy equations using finite difference method(FDM), where the body fitted coordinate system (BFC) was used to generate the gridmesh for computational plane. A computer program (Fortran 90) was built to calculatethe bulk Nusselt number (Nub) after reaching steady state condition for fluid Prandtlnumber fixed at (Pr =0.7) (for air) with radius ratio ( =1.5, 2.6, 5.0), Rayleigh number(0≤Ra≤103),Reynolds number (50≤Re≤2000), dimensionless heat generation (0≤Q≤10),Conduction-Radiation parameter (0≤N≤10), optical thickness (0 ≤ t≤ 10) and differentannulus inclination with horizontal plane (0°≤δ≤90°). For the range of parametersconsidered, results show that radiation enhance heat transfer. It is also indicated in theresults that Nu increase with the increasing of inclination angle δ, Ra, Re, and Q. Thecorrelation equations are concluded to describe the radiation effect.Comparison of the result with the previous work shows a good agreement.
REUSE OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER FOR IRRIGATION: CONCEPTUAL AND BASIC DESIGN ELEMENTS
Authors: Mohamed Ali Abdul-Fattah
Published: July 2023

In Iraq, water shortages and drought, especially during the hot summer months, necessitates that municipal authorities adopt water reuse projects like reusing treated domestic wastewater for crop irrigation. This work gives the conceptual and basic design elements for the necessary steps of filtration, UV irradiation and chlorination to make such a wastewater fit for agricultural use. A typical rural community of 50,000 people is considered as an example case for which functionality and relative simplicity of the proposed designs are prime factors. The objectives are 1) to show what is required and 2) that the presented information may be utilized to embark on the following phases of detailed design and execution of such projects.
CORRELATION FOR SOLUTION GAS -OIL RATIO OF IRAQI OILS AT PRESSURES BELOW THE BUBBLE POINT PRESSURE
Authors: F. Hassan Omar
Published: July 2023

The solution gas-oil ratio is an important measurement in reservoir engineering calculations. The correlations are used when experimental PVT data from particular field are missing. Additional advantages of the correlations are saving of cost and time.This paper proposes a correlation to calculate the solution gas -oil ratio at pressures below bubble point pressure. It was obtained by multiple linear regression analysis of PVT data collected from many Iraqi fields.In this study, the solution gas-oil ratio was taken as a function of bubble point pressure, stock tank oil gravity, reservoir pressure, reservoir temperature and relative gas density.The construction of the new correlation is depending on thirty seven PVT reports that were collected from Iraqi fields.Statistical and graphical tools have been used to check the performance of the correlation. Correlation performance was also compared with previous published correlations.The values of solution gas - oil ratio that were calculated from the new correlation have high accuracy when they were compared with the original laboratory data. Also, the results of the new correlation show high precision when compared with Standing [1], Vasquez and Beggs [2], Glaso [3], Al-Marhoun [4], Petrosky and Farshad [5], Kartoatmodjo and Schmidt [6], Velarde, Blasingame and McCain [7] and Mazandarani and Asghari [8] correlations.
A PARTICULAR SOLUTION OF THE TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL TRANSIENT DIFFUSION EQUATIONS
Authors: Al-Hemiri Adel
Published: July 2023

A particular solution of the two and three dimensional unsteady state thermal or mass diffusion equation is obtained by introducing a combination of variables of the form,η = (x+y) / √ct , and η = (x+y+z) / √ct, for two and three dimensional equationsrespectively. And the corresponding solutions are,θ (t,x,y) = θ0 erfc (x+y)/√8ct and θ( t,x,y,z) =θ0 erfc (x+y+z/√12ct)
Experimental Study on Carbon Steel Corrosion and its Inhibition Using Sodium Benzoate Under Different Operating Conditions
Authors: O.Hassan Basim , D.Abdul Kader Huda , F.Abdul-Jabbar Marwa
Published: July 2023

Corrosion experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of several operating parameters on the corrosion rate and corrosion potential of carbon steel in turbulent flow conditions in the absence and presence of sodium benzoate inhibitor using electrochemical polarization technique. These parameters were rotational velocity (0 - 1.57 m/s), temperature (30oC – 50oC), and time. The effect of these parameters on the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency were investigated and discussed. It was found that the corrosion rate represented by limiting current increases considerably with increasing velocity and temperature and that it decreased with time due to the formation of corrosion product layer. The corrosion potential shifted to more positive with increasing temperature and velocity while it shifted to more negative with time. Sodium benzoate gave good inhibition efficiency for the whole investigated range of temperature and velocity. Its efficiency was high on clean surfaces and decreased with time in stationary and flow conditions. No noticeable effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency was noticed.
Energy Generation from Static Water Head Developed By Forward Osmosis
Authors: A. Al-Hemiri Adel , A. Mohammed Ghazwan , F. Naser Ghazi
Published: July 2023

In this work, the possibility of utilizing osmosis phenomenon to produce energy as a type of the renewable energy using Thin Film Composite Ultra Low Pressure membrane TFC-ULP was studied. Where by forward osmosis water passes through the membrane toward the concentrated brine solution, this will lead to raise the head of the high brine solution. This developed static head may be used to produce energy. The aim of the present work is to study the static head developed and the flux on the high brine water solution side when using forward and reverse osmosis membranes for an initial concentration range from 35-300 g/l for each type of membrane used at room temperature and pressure conditions, and finally calculating the maximum possible power generated from developed static head.
Improved Method to Correlate and Predict Isothermal VLE Data of Binary Mixtures
Authors: Majeed Bakall Bashy Al-Temimi Venus
Published: July 2023

Accurate predictive tools for VLE calculation are always needed. A new method is introduced for VLE calculation which is very simple to apply with very good results compared with previously used methods. It does not need any physical property except each binary system need tow constants only. Also, this method can be applied to calculate VLE data for any binary system at any polarity or from any group family. But the system binary should not confirm an azeotrope. This new method is expanding in application to cover a range of temperature. This expansion does not need anything except the application of the new proposed form with the system of two constants. This method with its development is applied to 56 binary mixtures with 1120 equilibrium data point with very good accuracy. The developments of this method are applied on 13 binary systems at different temperatures which gives very good accuracy.
Dissecting patterns and predictors of interhospital transfers for patients with brain metastasis
Authors: Tong Lilin , Medeiros Lila , Moen Erika L. , Dhand Amar , Bi Wenya Linda
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE

Interhospital transfers in the acute setting may contribute to high cost, patient inconvenience, and delayed treatment. The authors sought to understand patterns and predictors in the transfer of brain metastasis patients after emergency department (ED) encounter.

METHODS

The authors analyzed 3037 patients with brain metastasis who presented to the ED in Massachusetts and were included in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database and State Emergency Department Database in 2018 and 2019.

RESULTS

The authors found that 6.9% of brain metastasis patients who presented to the ED were transferred to another facility, either directly or indirectly after admission. The sending EDs were more likely to be nonteaching hospitals without neurosurgery and radiation oncology services (p < 0.01). Transferred patients were more likely to present with neurological symptoms compared to those admitted or discharged (p < 0.01). Among those transferred, approximately 30% did not undergo a significant procedure after transfer and approximately 10% were discharged within 3 days, in addition to not undergoing significant interventions. In total, 74% of transferred patients were sent to a facility significantly farther (> 3 miles) than the nearest facility with neurosurgery and radiation oncology services. Further distance transfers were not associated with improvements in 30-day readmission rate (OR [95% CI] 0.64 [0.30–1.34] for 15–30 miles; OR [95% CI] 0.73 [0.37–1.46] for > 30 miles), 90-day readmission rate (OR [95% CI] 0.50 [0.18–1.28] for 15–30 miles; OR [95% CI] 0.53 [0.18–1.51] for > 30 miles), and length of stay (OR [95% CI] 1.21 days [0.94–1.29] for both 15–30 miles and > 30 miles) compared to close-distance transfers.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors identified a notable proportion of transfers without subsequent significant intervention or appreciable medical management. This may reflect ED physician discomfort with the neurological symptoms of brain metastasis. Many patients were also transferred to hospitals distant from their point of origin and demonstrated no differences in readmission rates and length of stay.
Management outcomes of peripontine arteriovenous malformation patients presenting with trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Yang Wuyang , Sattari Shahab Aldin , Feghali James , Hung Alice , Chen Yuxi , Xu Risheng , Bettegowda Chetan , Lim Michael , Huang Judy
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE

Trigeminal neuralgia as the presenting symptom of brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) has been rarely reported. Treatment of reported cases has been skewed toward surgery for these scarce, deeply located bAVMs. Here, the authors report their management and outcomes of bAVM patients presenting with ipsilateral trigeminal neuralgia (TN) at their institution.

METHODS

This is a retrospective cohort study. The authors’ institutional bAVM database was queried for non–hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia bAVMs in pontine, cistern, brainstem, trigeminal nerve, or tentorial locations. Patients with complete data were included in a search for trigeminal neuralgia or "facial pain" as the presenting symptom with TN being on the same side as the bAVM. Demographics, TN and bAVM characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes of bAVM and TN management were analyzed.

RESULTS

Fifty-seven peripontine bAVMs were identified; 8 (14.0%) of these bAVMs were discovered because of ipsilateral TN, including 4 patients (50%) with facial pain in the V2 distribution. Five patients (62.5%) were treated with carbamazepine as the initial medical therapy, 2 (25%) underwent multiple rhizotomies, and 1 (12.5%) underwent microvascular decompression. None of the patients with TN-associated bAVMs presented with hemorrhage, compared with 25 patients (51%) with bAVMs that were not associated with TN (p < 0.01). TN-associated bAVMs were overall smaller than non–TN-associated bAVMs, but the difference was not statistically significant (1.71 cm vs 2.22 cm, p = 0.117), and the Spetzler-Martin grades were similar. Six patients (75%) underwent radiosurgery to the bAVM (mean dose 1800 cGy, mean target volume 0.563 cm3) and had complete resolution of TN symptoms (100%). The mean time from radiosurgery to TN resolution was 193 (range 21–360) days, and 83.3% of treated TN-associated bAVMs were obliterated via radiosurgery. Two patients (12.5%) were recommended for conservative management, with one undergoing subsequent rhizotomies and another patient died of hemorrhage during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

TN-associated bAVM is a rare condition with limited evidence for management guidance. Radiosurgery can be safe and effective in achieving durable TN control in patients with TN-associated bAVMs. Despite their deep location and unruptured presentation, obliteration can reach 83.3% with radiosurgery.
Multitarget deep brain stimulation for epilepsy
Authors: Yang Andrew I. , Isbaine Faical , Alwaki Abdulrahman , Gross Robert E.
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a rapidly growing surgical option for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who are not candidates for resective/ablative surgery. Recent randomized controlled trials have demonstrated efficacy of DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT), particularly in frontal or temporal epilepsy, whereas DBS of the centromedian (CM) nucleus appears to be most suitable in well-defined generalized epilepsy syndromes. At the authors’ institution, DBS candidates who did not fit the populations represented in these trials were managed with DBS of multiple distinct targets, which included ANT, CM, and less-studied nuclei—i.e., mediodorsal nucleus, pulvinar, and subthalamic nucleus. The goal of this study was to present the authors’ experience with these types of cases, and to motivate future investigations that can determine the long-term efficacy of multitarget DBS.

METHODS

This single-center retrospective study of adult patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent multitarget DBS was performed to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of this approach, and to present seizure outcomes. Patients in this cohort had epilepsy with features that were difficult to treat with DBS of the ANT or CM nucleus alone, including multifocal/multilobar, diffuse-onset, and/or posterior-onset seizures; or both generalized and focal seizures.

RESULTS

Eight patients underwent DBS of 2–3 distinct thalamic/subthalamic nuclei. DBS was performed with 2 electrodes in each hemisphere. All leads in each patient were implanted with either frontal or parietal trajectories. There were no surgical complications. Among those with > 6 months of follow-up (n = 5; range 7–21 months), all patients were responders in terms of overall seizure frequency and/or convulsive seizure frequency (i.e., ≥ 50% reduction). Two patients had adverse stimulation effects, which resolved with further programming.

CONCLUSIONS

Multitarget DBS is a procedurally feasible and safe treatment strategy to maximize outcomes in patients with complex epilepsy. The authors highlight their approach to inform future studies that are sufficiently powered to assess its efficacy.
Feasibility of probe washing after stereotactic needle biopsy as a novel technique for developing cell lines and xenografts of H3 K27–altered diffuse midline gliomas
Authors: Rechberger Julian S. , Zhang Liang , Ge Jizhi , Nesvick Cody L. , Miller Kai J. , Daniels David J.
Published: July 2023

H3 K27–altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are frequently biopsied to obtain tissue diagnosis, inform clinical decision-making, and determine clinical trial eligibility. Tissue yield from biopsies is typically low, leaving little material available for research. To advance understanding of disease biology and promote preclinical testing of novel therapeutics, collecting viable cellular material from treatment-naive tumors is of paramount importance. Here, the authors report the feasibility of a practicable technique for creating DMG cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) without the need for additional biopsy specimens. Tumor cells are obtained by probe washing immediately after completion of biopsy. Wash fluid is collected, and viable cells are expanded in vitro. Cultured cells are used to establish PDX rodent models. A total of 5 patient samples were collected by this technique. Viable tumor cells were obtained from 3 of the 5 samples, and cell lines suitable for experiments were obtained within 6–8 months. Orthotopic implantation and flank engraftment was successful in 1 of the 3 established cell lines. Animals harboring intracranial tumors were euthanized due to disease burden 6–7 months after stereotactic injection. Flank tumors formed within 4–5 months and were serially passaged. Molecular and tissue analyses confirmed retention of H3 K27M expression and loss of H3 K27me3 in all cell lines and PDXs.
School-age anthropometric and patient-reported outcomes after open or endoscopic repair of sagittal craniosynostosis
Authors: Fotouhi Annahita R. , Patel Kamlesh B. , Skolnick Gary B. , Merrill Corinne M. , Hofmann Katherine M. , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Collett Brent R. , Allhusen Virginia D. , Naidoo Sybill D. , Rogers Gary F. , Keating Robert F. , Smyth Matthew D. , Magge Suresh N.
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE

Several studies have compared perioperative parameters and early postoperative morphology between endoscope-assisted strip craniectomy with orthotic therapy (endoscopic repair) and cranial vault remodeling (open repair). To extend these results, the authors evaluated school-age anthropometric outcomes after these techniques across three institutions.

METHODS

School-aged children (age range 4–18 years) with previously corrected isolated sagittal craniosynostosis were enrolled. Upon inclusion, 3D photographs and patient-reported outcomes were obtained, and the cephalic index and head circumference z-scores were calculated. Analyses of covariance models controlling for baseline differences and a priori covariates were performed.

RESULTS

Eighty-one participants (median [range] age 7 [4–15] years) were included. The mean (95% CI) school-age cephalic index was significantly higher in the endoscopic cohort, though within the normal range for both groups (endoscopic 78% [77%–79%] vs open 76% [74%–77%], p = 0.027). The mean change in the cephalic index from preoperation to school age was significantly greater in the endoscopic group (9% [7%–11%] vs open 3% [1%–5%], p < 0.001). Compared to preoperative measurements, mean school-age head circumference z-scores decreased significantly more in the open cohort (−1.6 [−2.2 to −1.0] vs endoscopic −0.3 [−0.8 to −0.2], p = 0.002). Patient-reported levels of stigma were within the normal limits for both groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Endoscopic and open repair techniques effectively normalize school-age anthropometric outcomes. However, endoscopic repair produces a clinically meaningful and significantly greater improvement in the school-age cephalic index, with maintenance of head growth. These findings demonstrate the importance of early referral by pediatricians and inform treatment decisions.
Assessment of Horizontal Equity of Personal Income Tax in Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Lanloye Oluwasegun , Prof. Damagum Y. M. , Obasa Rotimi Sunday
Published: July 2023

The research investigates horizontal equity i.e., extent to which persons with similar income are treated equally, of personal income tax liabilities of nine (9) federal government MDA’s and institutions employees on the Consolidated and Unified Salaries Structure scheme in terms of; the minimum and progressive tax liabilities. Secondary data which includes the grade level, steps, statutory deduction and allowance, emolument is collected from the National Salaries, Income and Wages Commission (NSIWC) and FIRS. The data is analysed using multi-level linear modelling techniques i.e., MLM (due to the hierarchical nature of the data, large variance and within MDA’s sample dependency) to extract the residuals inputs used to compute the coefficient of residual variation ratio (CRVR). Dis-aggregating the data into minimum or progressive tax rate payments, it was founds that: employee charge on the minimum tax rate of 1% are generally horizontally equal, but the rate varied at lower- or upper-income class employee appear more horizontally equal relative to middle-income class employee, employee charged on the progressive tax rate of 7%-33% are however less horizontally equal relative to those with minimum tax rate with the lower and upper income class performing better than those at the middle income class. Overall, the lower- and middle-income earners are found to be less treated equally relative to a specific income group at the upper echelon where a lower horizontal inequality is found.
Impact of Microbial Load on the Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil
Authors: Nwokedi Fadila
Published: July 2023

The effect of microbial load and nutrient (NPK 15:15:15) on crude oil polluted soil was investigated in this study. 10% crude oil polluted soil for the samples were impacted with Aspergillus niger of concentrations 1×106 cfu/g, 2×106 cfu/g, 5×106 cfu/g, 1×107 cfu/g, 2×107 cfu/g respectively and NPK 15:15:15 were introduced to five samples which served as test samples, and the other as control sample. Parameters such as pH, Residual Hydrocarbon Content (RHC), Total Microbial Count (TMC) were monitored over a period of seven (7) weeks. The results obtained show an increase in pH for the samples. The Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) decreased for all the samples. The control sample dropped from 183-27mg/kg (85% drop), sample impacted with 1×106 cfu/g dropped from 179-10mg/kg (94% drop), sample impacted with 2×106 cfu/g dropped from 181-9mg/kg (95% drop), sample impacted with 5×106 cfu/g dropped from 181-8mg/kg (96% drop), sample impacted with 1×107 cfu/g dropped from 180-6mg/kg (97% drop) and the sample impacted with 2×107 cfu/g dropped from 184-4mg/kg (98% drop). From the results, bioremediation strategy was found to be very effective.
PEMBUATAN MINYAK ATSIRI KEMANGI (OCIMUM BASILICUM L.) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DISTILASI UAP LANGSUNG
Authors: Putri Imas Ayu , Fatimura Muhrinsyah , Husnah Husnah , Bakrie Muhammad
Published: July 2023

AbstrakÂ Daun Kemangi selain memiliki cita rasa yang khas saat dikonsumsi, daun kemangi juga mempunyai khasiat kesehatan bagi tubuh. Pada daun kemangi terdapat kandungan Â minyak atsiri atau minyak basil atau disebut minyak esensial. Â Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kondisi bahan kemangi terhadap % rendemen dan karakteristik dari minyak kemangi yang dihasilkan. Penelitian daun kemangi menghasilkan minyak atsiri dengan variasi perlakuan yang berbeda pada bahan baku yaitu daun kemangi segar utuh, segar cacah, layu utuh, layu cacah, kering utuh sampai dengan perlakuan kering cacah. Didapatkan volume minyak yaitu 0,1 ml, 0,2 ml, 0,35 ml, 0,50 ml, 0,80 ml, 1,35 ml, dan massa minyak yang dihasilkan 0,15 gr, 0,28 gr, 0,33 gr, 0,41 gr, 0,77 gr, 1,25 gr. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â % rendemen yang paling optimal yaitu 0,0833 dengan waktu proses penyulingan distilasi uap langsung selama 120 menit, massa daun kemangi 1500 gr serta densitas yang diperoleh dari minyak atsiri paling besar 0,925 gr/ml.Â KataKunci: kemangi, minyak atsiri,distilasi, rendemen
PROSES ADSORPSI KARBON AKTIF KULIT KACANG TANAH TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR COD DAN BOD LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU
Authors: Komala Ria , Dewi Dian Sari , Pandiyah Nur
Published: July 2023

Besarnya perminat tahu menyebabkan peningkatan kegiatan pembuatan tahu baik skala rumahan atau industry, selain memberikan dampak postif bagi perekonomian masyarakat juga berdampak negatif bagi lingkungan sekitar, dimana limbah cair yang dihasilkan dalam kegiatan tersebut terdiri zat zat organik dan polutan yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan sekitar. Pengolahan limbah cair dengan metode Adsorpsi mampu memberikan keunggulan yang menjanjikan. Pada penelitian kali ini, adsorben yang digunakan adalah memanfaatkan limbah kulit kacang tanah yang didibuat menjadi karbon aktif dengan suhu pembakaran 450 selama 5 menit. Karbon aktif kulit kacang tanah dan Zeolit di aplikasikan sebagai adsorben untuk mengolah limbah cair Industri Tahu. Variabel yang digunakan adalah massa karbon aktif kulit kacang tanah dengan variasi 100 gr, 200 gr dan 300 gr, massa zeolit 50 gr, aktivasi mengunakan zat NaCl dengan konsentrasi 45%, lama penyerapan dengan variasi 3 jam, 6 jam, 9 jam dan 12 jam. Sedangkan parameter yang diamati adalah COD, BOD dan pH. Dari hasil analisa yang didapat bahwa penurunan kadar COD terbaik terjadi pada lama penyerapan 12 jam dengan massa C-Aktif KKT 300 gr yaitu % penurunan COD 96,82 % , dan penurunan kadar BOD terbaik terjadi pada saat lama penyerapan penyerapan 12 jam dengan massa C-Aktif KKT 300 gr yaitu % penurunan BOD 90,94 %Kata Kunci : Proses Adsorbsi, C-Aktif Kulit Kacang Tanah, COD, BOD
BIOPELLET SERBUK KAYU ACACIA MANGIUM DITINJAU DARI PENGARUH LEVEL KECEPATAN PUTARAN MESIN DIESEL
Authors: Hidayah Ahmad Arif , Erlinawati Erlinawati , Hajar Ibnu
Published: July 2023

Biomassa merupakan bahan bakar yang bersifat ramah lingkungan yang dapat di gunakan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil dengan biaya produksi yang rendah dan mengurangi pemanasan global. Salah satu sumber energi biomassa tersebut adalah serbuk kayu. Sumber bahan baku kayu seperti accacia mangium memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan pada masa depan. Dari pemanenan kayunya akan menghasilkan limbah kulit kayu yang cukup banyak. Terdapat 10 % limbah kulit kayu tiap batang nya. Biopellet dari bahan baku campuran biomassa ini memliki kendala di kualitas dan tekstur, oleh karena itu tujuan yang di angkat dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana pengaruh level kecepatan putaran mesin diesel terhadap kualitas biopellet yang di hasilkan sesuai dengan SNI 8021 - 2014. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa kualitas biopellet yang terbaik yaitu pada rpm 3600 dengan kadar air (moisture) 1.32%, kadar abu 1.37%, kadar zat terbang (volatile matter) 68.77%, kadar karbon tetap (fixed carbon) 28.54% dan nilai kalor 5326.9475 cal/gr. Karena telah memenuhi standard biopellet Perancis (douard 2007) dan SNI 8021 - 2014.
PENAMBAHAN INHIBITOR EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) TERHADAP PENGARUH LAJU KOROSI PADA BAJA KARBON DALAM LARUTAN AIR LAUT
Authors: Roni Kiagus Ahmad , Elfidiah Elfidiah , Yuliwati Erna , Marselia Bela
Published: July 2023

Indonesia merupakan negara berkembang, dimana indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi serta pembangunan yang terjadi setiap tahun mengakibatkan meningkatnya penggunaan berbagai logam, misalnya berupa besi, baja, aluminium, seng dan jenis logam lainnya. Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu penggunaan logam yang berhubungan langsung dengan lingkungan sekitar dapat menyebabkan penurunan mutu logam akibat interaksi logam tersebut dengan lingkungannya. Proses terjadianya korosi ini dapat kita kendalikan atau hambat dengan penambahan inhibitor. Inhibitor korosi itu sendiri dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu zat yang apabila ditambahkan ke dalam lingkungan korosif akan menurunkan korosi dari lingkungan tersebut pada logam. Salah satu tanaman yang banyak mengandung tanin dan zat antioksidan yang dapat berpotensi sebagai inhibitor korosi adalah daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.). Adanya kandungan tannin di dalam daun pepaya menjadikan tanaman ini kemungkinan dapat dipakai untuk menghambat laju korosi dari Baja Karbon. Variabel yang digunakan untuk diteliti adalah variasi waktu perendaman yaitu 3 hari, 6 hari, 10 hari dan juga variasi penambahan volume Inhibitor dengan konsentrasi 0%, 3% dan 9%. Hasil perendaman dan penambahan volume inhibitor yang efektif menurunkan laju korosi yaitu pada perendaman 6 hari dengan volume inhibitor 6% mendapatkan nilai penurunan laju korosi sebesar 1,0308 x 10-6 gr/cm2 . jam dan dengan nilai efisiensi sebesar 75,64%.
PENGARUH PEMANASAN DAN QUENCHING DENGAN AIR LAUT TERHADAP STRUKTUR MIKRO BAJA KARBON SEDANG
Authors: Lelawati Lelawati
Published: July 2023

Baja karbon merupakan paduan besi dan Cu sedikit tambahan Si,Mn, P, S. Sifat baja yang sangat tergantung pada kandungan Â karbonnya. Baja Carbon sedang banyak digunakan pada baut , plat, sekrup dan berbagai dan berbagai profil karena memiliki kandungan Carbon (C) antara 0,22-0,50 %. Sifat baja ini memiliki kekerasan relatif rendah, lunak, jenis baja ini dapat dikeraskan dengan cara di quenching. Metode quenching dapt meningkatkan kekerasan permukaan, kekuatan dan memperbaiki ketahanan baja, keuntungan metode ini tidak memerlukan media tambahanÂ  lain cukup dengan media pendingin. Tujuan dari pengujian struktur mikro untuk mengetahui ukuran butiran dari baja sebelum perlakuan dan setelah perlakukan. Dari hasil penelitian didapat Non Perlakuan ialah 12,05 , Quenching Air Laut ialah 16,66Â
PENGARUH VARIASI LAJU ALIR GAS ALAM TERHADAP ABSORBSI GAS CO2 DAN WAKTU PEMBAKARAN
Authors: Kurniawan Agung , Fatimura Muhrinsyah , Nurlela Nurlela
Published: July 2023

Absorbsi adalah proses penyerapan atau pemisahan bahan tertentu dari suatu campuran gas dengan melalui ikatan fisik ataupun ikatan kimia. Penyerapan gas CO2 didalam gas alam dapat meningkatkan kadar senyawa lain yang ada didalam gas alam tersebut, sehingga akan meningkat mutu pembakaran suatu gas. Penyerapan gas CO2 didalam gas alam dapat dilakukan salah satu nya dengan menggunakan absorben KOH. Reaksi penyerapan antara kalium hidroksida (KOH) dengan carbon dioxide (CO2) berlangsung secara kimia dimana pada tahap awal akan membentuk senyawa potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), reaksi lebih lanjut antara KHCO3 dengan KOH akan membentuk senyawa potassium carbonate (K2CO3) dan air (H2O). Gas alam dengan laju alir 3 l/m, 5 l/m, 7 l/m dilewatkan media penyerap (KOH) dengan konsentrasi 30 % Wt dengan waktu kontak 2, 4, 6, 8 menit dianalisa kadar persenyawaan nya dengan Ca(OH)2 secara gravimetric dengan membandingkan hasil penyerapan sebelum dan sesudahnya. Hasil penyerapan optimal pada laju alir 3 l/m terdapat pada waktu kontak 2 menit dengan persentase penyerapan mencapai 72,77%, pada laju alir 5 l/m terdapat pada waktu kontak 2 menit dengan persentase penyerapan mencapai 68,30%, pada laju alir 7 l/m terdapat pada waktu kontak 2 menit dengan persentase penyerapan mencapai 65,12%. Â Kata Kunci: Kata kunci :Absorbsi CO2,Variasi Laju Alir, Kalium Hidroksida (KOH).
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN ION Ag, Pb, Ba, Al, dan Hg PADA AIR MINUM DALAM KEMASAN DAN AIR SUMUR DI PEKANBARU
Authors: Widianti Sari , Giavani Giavani , Dwi Novelia Dwi Novelia , Hana Monica Hana Monica , Lara Julia Trisantika Lara Julia Trisantika , Herman Herman , Yulis Putri Ade Rahma
Published: July 2023

AbstrakÂ Bagi manusia, air adalah hal yang sangat penting untuk mendukung aktivitas manusia setiap hari. Tanpa adanya udara, tidak mungkin manusia bisa bertahan dalam menjalani kehidupan. AMDK yang ada di Pekanbaru saat ini sudah bermacam-macam serta adanya yang terkontaminasi oleh udara kotor yang ada. Hal ini sejalan dengan kota Pekanbaru yang cukup padat penduduk dan juga secepatnya kendaraan yang meningkat. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya kandungan ion Ag, Hg, Pb, Al (III), dan Ba dalam sampel air sumur dan air minum dalam kemasan (AMDK) di Pekanbaru. Untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya kandungan ion Ag, Hg, Pb, Al dan Ba dalam sampel air ini menggunakan reaksi pengenalan kation. Sampel yang digunakan berupa air sumur, air le mineral, sprite. Sampel diberi perlakuan dengan menambahkan indikator pada masing-masing reaksi pengenalan. Indikator yang digunakan yaitu HCl. Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini adalah kation golongan I terdiri dari argentum(Ag+), merkuri( Hg2+), dan timbel hitam (Pb2+) dalam reaksi dengan masing-masing regensianya terdapat endapan, namun untuk timbel tak pernah mengendap sempurna dan endapannya dapat larut. Sehingga dengan demikian air sumur dan AMDK di Pekanbaru tidak mengandung logam berat Ag, Pb, Ba dan Hg maupun Al. Hal ini ditandai dengan tidak adanya endapan putih di dasar tabung. namun untuk timbel tak pernah mengendap sempurna dan depositnya dapat larut. Sehingga dengan demikian air sumur dan AMDK di Pekanbaru tidak mengandung logam berat Ag, Pb, Ba dan Hg maupun Al. Hal ini ditandai dengan tidak adanya endapan putih di dasar tabung. namun untuk timbel tak pernah mengendap sempurna dan depositnya dapat larut. Sehingga dengan demikian air sumur dan AMDK di Pekanbaru tidak mengandung logam berat Ag, Pb, Ba dan Hg maupun Al. Hal ini ditandai dengan tidak adanya endapan putih di dasar tabung.Kata Kunci: Logam berat Ag, Al (III), Hg, Pb, Ba, AMDK
PENGARUH JUMLAH ZEOLIT DAN TEMPERATUR TERHADAP RENDEMEN BAHAN BAKAR CAIR MENGGUNAKAN LIMBAH PLASTIK DI UNIT THERMAL CATALYTIC CRACKING REACTOR
Authors: Tahdid Tahdid , Manggala Agus , Wasiran Yulianto , Nurryma Ilza , Ramadhani Patra Satria , Kobar Alhadi Azan
Published: July 2023

Di Indonesia jenis limbah plastik yang paling banyak ditemukan, sehingga muncul inovasi energi terbarukan agar mengurangi limbah plastik. Proses pirolisis dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan limbah plastik jenis LDPE,PP dan PET dengan menambahkan katalis zeolit sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan bahan bakar cair. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Thermal Catalytic Cracking yang didefinisikan sebagai proses perengkahan rantai hidrokarbon panjang dengan bantuan katalis dan panas menjadi rantai yang lebih pendek. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas rendemen dan konversi hasil pirolisis limbah plastik dengan penggunaan katalis Zeolit menjadi bahan bakar cair. Dari hasil penelitian ini pengunaan jumlah zeolit 1:15 menghasilkan %Rendemen tertinggi menggunakan bahan baku LDPE yaitu 87,56%. Serta didapatkan kondisi optimal yaitu pengunaan dengan rasio zeolit 1:15 sebanyak 0,52 kg.Setelah dilakukan analisa produk yang dihasilkan pada proses pirolisis ini masuk kedalam spesifikasi solar dan bensin.