bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction models for carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales carriage at liver transplantation: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Freire Maristela Pinheiro , Rinaldi Matteo , Terrabuio Debora Raquel Benedita , Furtado Mariane , Pasquini Zeno , Bartoletti Michele , de Oliveira Tiago Almeida , Nunes Nathalia Neves , Lemos Gabriela Takeshigue , Maccaro Angelo , Siniscalchi Antonio , Laici Cristiana , Cescon Matteo , D´albuquerque Luiz Augusto Carneiro , Morelli Maria Cristina , Song Alice T. W. , Abdala Edson , Viale Pierluigi , Filho Alexandre Dias Porto Chiavegatto , Giannella Maddalena
Published: August 2022

Background

Carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonisation at liver transplantation (LT) increases the risk of CRE infection after LT, which impacts on recipients’ survival. Colonization status usually becomes evident only near LT. Thus, predictive models can be useful to guide antibiotic prophylaxis in endemic centres.

Aims

This study aimed to identify risk factors for CRE colonisation at LT in order to build a predictive model.

Methods

Retrospective multicentre study including consecutive adult patients who underwent LT, from 2010 to 2019, at two large teaching hospitals. We excluded patients who had CRE infections within 90 days before LT. CRE screening was performed in all patients on the day of LT. Exposure variables were considered within 90 days before LT and included cirrhosis complications, underlying disease, time on the waiting list, MELD and CLIF‐SOFA scores, antibiotic use, intensive care unit and hospital stay, and infections. A machine learning model was trained to detect the probability of a patient being colonized with CRE at LT.

Results

A total of 1544 patients were analyzed, 116 (7.5%) patients were colonized by CRE at LT. The median time from CRE isolation to LT was 5 days. Use of antibiotics, hepato‐renal syndrome, worst CLIF sofa score, and use of beta‐lactam/beta‐lactamase inhibitor increased the probability of a patient having pre‐LT CRE. The proposed algorithm had a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 83% with a negative predictive value of 97%.

Conclusions

We created a model able to predict CRE colonization at LT based on easy‐to‐obtain features that could guide antibiotic prophylaxis

image
Degradation of methylene blue by pulsed nanosecond discharge in Ar, O2, and N2 gaseous bubbles in water: Evaluation of direct and postprocessing modes
Authors: Bourbeau Naomi , Soussan Laure , Hamdan Ahmad
Published: August 2022

Dye-based water pollution is a subject of great concern as it has been linked to many health hazards. Considering their stable structures, some dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), cannot be easily removed from water. However, recent studies show that plasma-assisted processing has great potential for eliminating these dyes from water bodies. Among the different configurations of plasmas, discharges in gaseous bubbles in water are particularly promising in terms of water processing. The bubble-liquid discontinuity in such plasmas significantly facilitates the occurrence of discharge, and the modification of gas composition allows for controlling induced chemical reactions. In this study, we investigate the degradation of MB using pulsed discharges (amplitude of 20 kV, pulse duration of 500 ns, and repetition rate of 1 kHz) in Ar, O2, and N2 gaseous bubbles dispersed in water. The degradation of MB is evaluated in the direct mode, i.e., MB is present in the water during discharge as well as in the postprocessing mode, i.e., MB is added to water after plasma processing. Based on the obtained results, the most and least efficient degradation rates measured in the direct mode are achieved with O2 and N2 bubbles, respectively. Meanwhile, in the case of the postprocessing mode, degradation with N2 bubbles is initially more efficient than that with O2 or Ar. However, after hundreds of hours, higher degradation efficiency (up to 100%) is observed with O2 and Ar gas bubbles and not with N2. The findings reported herein are of great importance, particularly considering that plasma processing is complementary to the conventional techniques used in water depollution applications.
Functional and biological heterogeneity of KRASQ61mutations
Authors: Huynh Minh V. , Hobbs G. Aaron , Schaefer Antje , Pierobon Mariaelena , Carey Leiah M. , Diehl J. Nathaniel , DeLiberty Jonathan M. , Thurman Ryan D. , Cooke Adelaide R. , Goodwin Craig M. , Cook Joshua H. , Lin Lin , Waters Andrew M. , Rashid Naim U. , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Campbell Sharon L. , Haigis Kevin M. , Simeone Diane M. , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Cox Adrienne D. , Der Channing J.
Published: August 2022

Missense mutations at the three hotspots in the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) RAS—Gly12, Gly13, and Gln61(commonly known as G12, G13, and Q61, respectively)—occur differentially among the three RAS isoforms. Q61 mutations inKRASare infrequent and differ markedly in occurrence. Q61H is the predominant mutant (at 57%), followed by Q61R/L/K (collectively 40%), and Q61P and Q61E are the rarest (2 and 1%, respectively). Probability analysis suggested that mutational susceptibility to different DNA base changes cannot account for this distribution. Therefore, we investigated whether these frequencies might be explained by differences in the biochemical, structural, and biological properties of KRASQ61mutants. Expression of KRASQ61mutants in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and RIE-1 epithelial cells caused various alterations in morphology, growth transformation, effector signaling, and metabolism. The relatively rare KRASQ61Emutant stimulated actin stress fiber formation, a phenotype distinct from that of KRASQ61H/R/L/P, which disrupted actin cytoskeletal organization. The crystal structure of KRASQ61Ewas unexpectedly similar to that of wild-type KRAS, a potential basis for its weak oncogenicity. KRASQ61H/L/R-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines exhibited KRAS-dependent growth and, as observed with KRASG12-mutant PDAC, were susceptible to concurrent inhibition of ERK-MAPK signaling and of autophagy. Our results uncover phenotypic heterogeneity among KRASQ61mutants and support the potential utility of therapeutic strategies that target KRASQ61mutant–specific signaling and cellular output.
Heterogeneity in RAS mutations: One size does not fit all
Authors: Sealover Nancy E. , Kortum Robert L.
Published: August 2022

Although oncogenic driver mutations in
RAS
occur in 20% of cancers, heterogeneity in the biologic outputs of different RAS mutants has hampered efforts to develop effective treatments for
RAS
-mutated cancers. In this issue of
Science Signaling
, Huynh
et al
. show that even among KRAS
Q61
mutants, the specific amino acid that is substituted substantially affects mutant KRAS biologic activity and oncogenicity.
Human Nasal Organoids Model SARS-CoV-2 Upper Respiratory Infection and Recapitulate the Differential Infectivity of Emerging Variants
Authors: Chiu Man Chun , Li Cun , Liu Xiaojuan , Song Wenjun , Wan Zhixin , Yu Yifei , Huang Jingjing , Xiao Ding , Chu Hin , Cai Jian-Piao , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Yuen Kwok Yung , Zhou Jie
Published: August 2022

An
in vitro
model of the nasal epithelium is imperative for understanding cell biology and virus-host interaction in the human upper respiratory tract. Here we report an organoid culture system of the nasal epithelium.
Metabolism Interactions Promote the Overall Functioning of the Episymbiotic Chemosynthetic Community of Shinkaia crosnieri of Cold Seeps
Authors: Xu Zheng , Wang Minxiao , Zhang Huan , He Wanying , Cao Lei , Lian Chao , Zhong Zhaoshan , Wang Hao , Fu Lulu , Zhang Xin , Li Chaolun
Published: August 2022

Symbioses between chemosynthetic bacteria and marine invertebrates are common in deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems and are considered critical foundations for deep-sea colonization. Episymbiotic microorganisms tend to form condensed biofilms that may facilitate metabolite sharing among biofilm populations.
Host Plant Selection Imprints Structure and Assembly of Fungal Community along the Soil-Root Continuum
Authors: Li Fengqiao , Jin Zhili , Wang Zichen , Liao Yangwenke , Yu Li , Li Xiaogang
Published: August 2022

Fungal community assembly along the soil-root continuum is shaped largely by the host plant rather than the soil type. This finding facilitates the implementations of fungi-associated biocontrol and growth-promoting for specific plants in agriculture practice, regardless of the impacts from variations in geographical environments.
Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing
Escherichia coli
Isolates That Cause Diarrhea in Sheep in Northwest China
Authors: Zhao Xueliang , Zhao Haoyu , Zhou Zilian , Miao Yongqiang , Li Ruichao , Yang Baowei , Cao Chenyang , Xiao Sa , Wang Xinglong , Liu Haijin , Wang Juan , Yang Zengqi
Published: August 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially the simultaneous resistance to several antibiotics (multidrug resistance [MDR]), is one of the greatest threats to global public health in the 21st century. Among animals, chickens, pigs, and cattle are reservoirs of these pathogens worldwide.
Differences in severe exacerbations rates and healthcare utilisation in COPD populations in the UK and France
Authors: Whittaker Hannah , Van Ganse Eric , Dalon Faustine , Nolin Maeva , Marant-Micallef Claire , Pison Christophe , Ryan Dermot P , Deslee Gaetan , Quint Jennifer K , Belhassen Manon
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality in Europe; however, it is important to understand how clinical practice patterns differ between countries and how this might relate to disease outcomes, to identify ways of improving local disease management. We aimed to describe and compare the management of patients with COPD in the UK and France between 2008 and 2017.

Methods

We used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and Hospital Episode Statistics in the UK and the Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaire in France to identify patients with COPD each year between 2008 and 2017. We compared patient characteristics, all-cause mortality and COPD exacerbations each year between 2008 and 2017 for patients in the UK and France separately. Health care utilisation and COPD exacerbations in 2017 were compared between France and the UK using t-tests and χ2tests.

Results

Patients with COPD were similar in gender and comorbidities in both countries. Incidence of COPD exacerbations remained stable in the UK and France between 2007 and 2017. In 2017, the proportion of all-cause and COPD-related hospitalisations was greater in the UK than in France (43.9% vs 32.8% and 8.3% vs 4.9%, respectively; p<0.001) as was the proportion of patients visiting accident and emergency (A&E) (39.8% vs 16.2%, respectively; p<0.001). In addition, the mean length of stay in hospital for COPD-related causes was shorter in the UK than in France (6.2 days (SD 8.4) vs 10.5 days (SD 9.1), respectively; p<0.001).

Discussion

Overall, UK patients were more likely to go to A&E, be hospitalised for COPD-related causes and stay in hospital for fewer days after being admitted for COPD-related reasons compared with patients in France, illustrating a difference in health-seeking behaviours and access to healthcare.
Molecular heterogeneity and commonalities in pancreatic cancer precursors with gastric and intestinal phenotype
Authors: Liffers Sven-Thorsten , Godfrey Laura , Frohn Lisa , Haeberle Lena , Yavas Aslihan , Vesce Rita , Goering Wolfgang , Opitz Friederike V , Stoecklein Nickolas , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Schlitter Anna Melissa , Klöppel Guenter , Espinet Elisa , Trumpp Andreas , Siveke Jens T , Esposito Irene
Published: August 2022

Objective

Due to the limited number of modifiable risk factors, secondary prevention strategies based on early diagnosis represent the preferred route to improve the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we provide a comparative morphogenetic analysis of PDAC precursors aiming at dissecting the process of carcinogenesis and tackling the heterogeneity of preinvasive lesions.

Design

Targeted and whole-genome low-coverage sequencing, genome-wide methylation and transcriptome analyses were applied on a final collective of 122 morphologically well-characterised low-grade and high-grade PDAC precursors, including intestinal and gastric intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanIN).

Results

Epigenetic regulation of mucin genes determines the phenotype of PDAC precursors. PanIN and gastric IPMN display a ductal molecular profile and numerous similarly regulated pathways, including the Notch pathway, but can be distinguished by recurrent deletions and differential methylation and, in part, by the expression of mucin-like 3. Intestinal IPMN are clearly distinct lesions at the molecular level with a more instable genotype and are possibly related to a different ductal cell compartment.

Conclusions

PDAC precursors with gastric and intestinal phenotype are heterogeneous in terms of morphology, genetic and epigenetic profile. This heterogeneity is related to a different cell identity and, possibly, to a different aetiology.
Management ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection: the Maastricht VI/Florence consensus report
Authors: Malfertheiner Peter , Megraud Francis , Rokkas Theodore , Gisbert Javier P , Liou Jyh-Ming , Schulz Christian , Gasbarrini Antonio , Hunt Richard H , Leja Marcis , O'Morain Colm , Rugge Massimo , Suerbaum Sebastian , Tilg Herbert , Sugano Kentaro , El-Omar Emad M
Published: August 2022

Helicobacter pylori

Infection is formally recognised as an infectious disease, an entity that is now included in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. This in principle leads to the recommendation that all infected patients should receive treatment. In the context of the wide clinical spectrum associated withHelicobacter pylorigastritis, specific issues persist and require regular updates for optimised management.

The identification of distinct clinical scenarios, proper testing and adoption of effective strategies for prevention of gastric cancer and other complications are addressed.H. pyloritreatment is challenged by the continuously rising antibiotic resistance and demands for susceptibility testing with consideration of novel molecular technologies and careful selection of first line and rescue therapies. The role ofH. pyloriand antibiotic therapies and their impact on the gut microbiota are also considered.

Progress made in the management ofH. pyloriinfection is covered in the present sixth edition of the Maastricht/Florence 2021 Consensus Report, key aspects related to the clinical role ofH. pyloriinfection were re-evaluated and updated. Forty-one experts from 29 countries representing a global community, examined the new data related toH. pyloriinfection in five working groups: (1) indications/associations, (2) diagnosis, (3) treatment, (4) prevention/gastric cancer and (5)H. pyloriand the gut microbiota. The results of the individual working groups were presented for a final consensus voting that included all participants. Recommendations are provided on the basis of the best available evidence and relevance to the management ofH. pyloriinfection in various clinical fields.
Natural history, angiographic presentation and outcomes of anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Sanchez Sebastian , Raghuram Ashrita , Wendt Linder , Hayakawa Minako , Chen Ching-Jen , Sheehan Jason P , Kim Louis J , Abecassis Isaac Josh , Levitt Michael R , Meyer R Michael , Guniganti Ridhima , Kansagra Akash P , Lanzino Giuseppe , Giordan Enrico , Brinjikji Waleed , Bulters Diederik O , Durnford Andrew , Fox W Christopher , Smith Jessica , Polifka Adam J , Gross Bradley , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Alaraj Ali , Kwasnicki Amanda , Starke Robert M , Chen Stephanie H , van Dijk J Marc C , Potgieser Adriaan R E , Satomi Junichiro , Tada Yoshiteru , Phelps Ryan , Abla Adib , Winkler Ethan , Du Rose , Lai Pui Man Rosalind , Zipfel Gregory J , Derdeyn Colin , Samaniego Edgar A
Published: August 2022

Background

Anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulas (ACF-dAVFs) are aggressive vascular lesions. The pattern of venous drainage is the most important determinant of symptoms. Due to the absence of a venous sinus in the anterior cranial fossa, most ACF-dAVFs have some degree of drainage through small cortical veins. We describe the natural history, angiographic presentation and outcomes of the largest cohort of ACF-dAVFs.

Methods

The CONDOR consortium includes data from 12 international centers. Patients included in the study were diagnosed with an arteriovenous fistula between 1990–2017. ACF-dAVFs were selected from a cohort of 1077 arteriovenous fistulas. The presentation, angioarchitecture and treatment outcomes of ACF-dAVF were extracted and analyzed.

Results

60 ACF-dAVFs were included in the analysis. Most ACF-dAVFs were symptomatic (38/60, 63%). The most common symptomatic presentation was intracranial hemorrhage (22/38, 57%). Most ACF-dAVFs drained through cortical veins (85%, 51/60), which in most instances drained into the superior sagittal sinus (63%, 32/51). The presence of cortical venous drainage predicted symptomatic presentation (OR 9.4, CI 1.98 to 69.1, p=0.01). Microsurgery was the most effective modality of treatment. 56% (19/34) of symptomatic patients who were treated had complete resolution of symptoms. Improvement of symptoms was not observed in untreated symptomatic ACF-dAVFs.

Conclusion

Most ACF-dAVFs have a symptomatic presentation. Drainage through cortical veins is a key angiographic feature of ACF-dAVFs that accounts for their malignant course. Microsurgery is the most effective treatment. Due to the high risk of bleeding, closure of ACF-dAVFs is indicated regardless of presentation.
Truncated isoforms of GPSM2 containing the GoLoco motif region promote CD4+T-cell migration in SLE
Authors: Esser Ruth L , Brück Carolin , Thiele Jan , Golumba-Nagy Viktoria , Meyer Anja , Steinbach-Knödgen Eva , Yan Shuaifeng , tho Pesch Carola , Stahl David , Schiller Joanna , Kofler David M
Published: August 2022

Objective

SLE is an autoimmune disease with a complex pathogenesis. T-cell infiltration into organs contributes to inflammation and organ damage in SLE. Recently, G-protein signalling modulator 2 (GPSM2) has been shown to be implicated in T-cell migration.

Methods

We analysed the expression levels of GPSM2 and of a truncated isoform of GPSM2 containing the GoLoco motif region in CD4+T cells from patients with SLE and from healthy individuals by western blot. In a next step, we studied the role of the truncated GPSM2 isoform using a CD4+T-cell migration assay.

Results

Our experiments revealed comparable levels of GPSM2 in CD4+T cells from patients with SLE and healthy controls. In contrast, the truncated 35 kDa isoform of GPSM2 was significantly more highly expressed in CD4+T cells from patients with SLE as compared with healthy subjects. Antibody-mediated blockade of the 35 kDa GPSM2 isoform reduced the in vitro capacity of CD4+T cells to migrate towards the chemokine CCL20.

Conclusions

A truncated GPSM2 isoform containing the GoLoco motif region is upregulated in CD4+T cells from patients with SLE and promotes CD4+T-cell migration. Targeting this isoform with specific antibodies might be a promising approach to reduce CD4+T-cell infiltration into inflamed tissues and to prevent organ damage in SLE.
Allergic and non-allergic wheeze among farm women in the Agricultural Health Study (2005–2010)
Authors: Islam Jessica Y , Mohamed Ahmed , Umbach David M , London Stephanie J , Henneberger Paul K , Beane Freeman Laura E , Sandler Dale P , Hoppin Jane A
Published: August 2022

Background

Farms represent complex environments for respiratory exposures including hays, grains and pesticides. Little is known about the impact of these exposures on women’s respiratory health. We evaluated the association of farm exposures with allergic and non-allergic wheeze among women in the Agricultural Health Study, a study of farmers and their spouses based in Iowa and North Carolina.

Methods

We used self-reported data (2005–2010) on current use (≤12 months) of 15 pesticides (selected based on frequency of use) and occupational farm activities from 20 164 women. We defined allergic wheeze as reporting wheeze and doctor-diagnosed hay fever (7%) and non-allergic wheeze as wheeze but not hay fever (8%) in the past 12 months. Using polytomous logistic regression, we evaluated associations of wheeze subtypes with pesticides and other farm exposures (eg, raising farm animals) using no wheeze/hay fever as the referent, adjusting for age, body mass index, state, current asthma, glyphosate use and smoking.

Results

Current use of any pesticide, reported by 7% of women, was associated with both allergic (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.67) and non-allergic (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.51) wheeze. Four pesticides were associated with at least one wheeze subtype: glyphosate, with both wheeze subtypes; diazinon and fly spray with only allergic wheeze; carbaryl with only non-allergic wheeze. Working weekly with mouldy hay was associated with allergic (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.80) and non-allergic wheeze (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.42).

Conclusion

Use of specific pesticides and certain farm activities may contribute to wheeze among farm women.
Ultrasound is better than injection pressure monitoring detecting the low-volume intraneural injection
Authors: Goffin Pierre , Mejia Jorge , Prats-Galino Alberto , Morales Lorena , Panzeri Miriam , Sala-Blanch Xavier
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Inadvertent intraneural injection is not infrequent during peripheral nerve blocks. For this reason, injection pressure monitoring has been suggested as a safeguard method that warns the clinician of a potentially hazardous needle tip location. However, doubts remain whether it is superior to the sonographic nerve swelling in terms of earlier detection of the intraneural injection.

Methods

An observational cadaveric study was designed to assess injection pressures during an ultrasound-guided intraneural injection of the median nerve. We hypothesized that the evidence of nerve swelling occurredprior to anelevated injection pressure (>15 pound per square inch) measured with a portable in-line monitor. 33 ultrasound-guided intraneural injections of 11 median nerves from unembalmed human cadavers were performed at proximal, mid and distal forearm. 1 mL of a mixture of local anesthetic and methylene blue was injected intraneurally at a rate of 10 mL/min. Following injections, specimens were dissected to assess spread location. Video recordings of the procedures including ultrasound images were blindly analyzed to evaluate nerve swelling and injection pressures.

Results

31 injections were considered for analysis (two were excluded due to uncertainty regarding needle tip position). >15 pound per square inch was reached in six injections (19%) following a median injected volume of 0.6 mL. Nerve swelling was evident in all 31 injections (100%) with a median injected volume of 0.4 mL. On dissection, spread location was confirmed intraneural in all injections.

Discussion

Ultrasound is a more sensitive and earlier indicator of the low-volume intraneural injection than injection pressure monitoring.
Identification of the 12-oxophytoeienoic acid reductase (OPR) gene family in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and functional characterization of CaOPR6 in pepper fruit development and stress response
Authors: Nie Wen-Feng , Chen Yue , Tao Junjie , Li Yu , Liu Jianping , Zhou Yong , Yang Youxin
Published: August 2022

The 12-oxophytoeienoic acid reductase (OPR) is a kind of enzyme in the octadecanoid biosynthesis pathway that determines the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. Although the roles of OPRs have been extensively studied in several crop plants, little is known about the biological functions of OPR-encoding genes in Capsicum annuum plants. In this study, seven OPR family genes ( CaOPR1–7) were identified from the C. annuum genome. The physical and chemical properties of CaOPR1–7 were further analyzed, including gene expression patterns, promoter elements, and chromosomal locations. The results showed that the seven CaOPR homologues could be divided into two subgroups, and CaOPR6 was highly similar to AtOPR3 in Arabidopsis. The expression of CaOPR6 was significantly induced by various stresses such as cold, salt, and pathogen infection, indicating that CaOPR6 plays important roles in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Overall, these findings improve the understanding of the biological functions of CaOPR6 in the development of pepper fruit and stress response of pepper plants, and facilitate further studies on the molecular biology of OPR proteins in Solanaceae vegetables.
Application of Virtual Network Mapping Algorithm Based on Optimal Subnet in Enterprise Cost Accounting Platform
Authors: Wu Haiyan , Li Xiao , Qi Yongjun , Tang HaiLin , Zhang Shukun
Published: August 2022

The price of the product has a great impact on the market competitiveness of the product. The manager can adjust the operation strategy according to the cost information of the product, cut costs, adjust the market decision and make the product more competitive in the market. Therefore, the research of product costing method has a very important significance. Considering that the physical resources in the processing of the virtual network mapping (VNM) fragment embedded in the request are rejected, and the problem of physical resource usage is weakened, a VNM algorithm based on the optimal subnet edge matching algorithm is proposed. After the VNM request is coarsened to the subnet, the breadth-first search algorithm is used to create the physical subnet candidate set, and the constraints of the virtual node and the coarsening network topology are complied with. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the number of link mapping hops and can improve the acceptance rate and cost-benefit ratio of virtual networks. First of all, this paper analyzes the research background of manufacturing cost calculation and the research situation at home and abroad, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of standard cost calculation and studies and analyzes the principles, advantages and disadvantages of standard cost calculation in daily business activities. Second, design a new mathematical accounting model based on the mathematical model of standard cost calculation in daily business activities. This combines the advantages of standard costing and time-based activity costing, and provides theoretical support for manufacturing companies to use this accounting method. Finally, the research results of this paper are summarized, and the shortcomings of this paper are analyzed. Cost accounting method needs to be further studied.
Exact Closed-Form Solutions for Free Vibration of Double-Beam Systems Interconnected by Elastic Supports Under Axial Forces
Authors: Chen Bo , Yang Bo , Li Ze-Wei , Xu Lu-Wen , Li Ying-Hui
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to present the exact closed-form solutions for the free vibration of double-beam systems composed of two parallel beams connected by an arbitrary number of discrete elastic supports. The general solutions of the mode shapes of the double-beam system are derived employing the Laplace transform method from a perspective of the entire domain of beams without enforcement of any segmentation. A unified strategy applied to various boundary conditions is proposed to determine the independent constants involved in the general solutions, as well as the frequency equation. Numerical calculations are performed to verify the present solutions by comparing the results from the previous literature and finite element simulation, and to discuss the effects of support parameters (stiffness, location, and number) on the modal characteristics of the double-beam system in detail. Outcomes show that the support location plays a pivotal role in regulating the modal characteristics of the double-beam system; for each-order mode, there are one or more potential optimal positions to maximize the effect of the elastic support. The mode veering phenomenon is detected as the support parameters change. It is highlighted that, by introducing an amplitude similarity index, the proximity degree for the mode shapes of the two beams influenced by the support parameters can be evaluated quantitatively. The present analysis is greatly helpful to the optimal design, health monitoring, and vibration control of the double-beam system.
On the intersection of left and right ideals in the ring of quaternion polynomials
Authors: Bolotnikov Vladimir
Published: August 2022

Given a left ideal [Formula: see text] and a right ideal [Formula: see text] in the ring of univariate quaternion polynomials, we present an explicit formula parametrizing the intersection [Formula: see text]. The motivation comes from interpolation theory where any such intersection appears to be the solution set of a two-sided homogeneous Lagrange–Hermite interpolation problem.
S-protomodularity of the category of cocommutative bialgebras
Authors: Sterck Florence
Published: August 2022

We prove that the category of cocommutative bialgebras in any locally presentable symmetric monoidal category is an [Formula: see text]-protomodular category with respect to a particular class of split extensions of cocommutative bialgebras. We also obtain the “partial” well-known Smith is Huq condition, meaning that two effective [Formula: see text]-equivalence relations centralize each other as soon as the normal subobjects associated with them commute in the sense of Huq.
Rivers of the Variscan Foreland: fluvial morphodynamics in the Pennant Formation of South Wales, UK
Authors: Wood James , McLeod Jonah S. , Lyster Sinéad J. , Whittaker Alexander C.
Published: August 2022

The morphodynamics of ancient rivers can be reconstructed from fluvial stratigraphy using quantitative techniques to provide insights into the driving forces behind sedimentary systems. This study explores how these drivers can be evaluated from Paleozoic stratigraphy. Field measurements are taken in fluvial sediments from the Westphalian (Bolsovian and Asturian; 315.2–308 Ma) Pennant Formation of South Wales, UK, to reconstruct the hydrodynamics and morphologies of these Carboniferous rivers, which were sourced from the Variscan (Hercynian) mountain belt located south of the study area. Field data consist of cross-set heights, grain size, palaeocurrent directions and the dimensions of fluvial architectural elements. Hydrodynamic properties, including flow velocities and discharge rates, are reconstructed using a suite of numerical approaches. Results suggest median formative flow depths of 2–3 m and palaeoslopes of 4–5 × 10
−4
m m
−1
(0.02–0.03°). Quantitative planform prediction suggests that these rivers were probably anastomosing but with distinct single-threaded reaches. Mean single-thread width is 55 m, whereas mean channel-belt widths of 100–200 m are reconstructed, suggesting bankfull discharges of 390–560 m
3
 s
−1
. This study resolves contrasting palaeohydrological interpretations for Pennant rivers, and demonstrates how quantitative reconstructions of morphology, slope and planform can be obtained from fluvial stratigraphy.

Supplementary material:
Field data, a field localities KMZ file, analysis of flow depth scaling methods and fluvial facies analysis are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6131975
Hardware Trojan Detection using Transition Probability with Minimal Test Vectors
Authors: Mondal Anindan , Karmakar Shubrojyoti , Mahalat Mahabub Hasan , Roy Suchismita , Sen Bibhash , Chattopadhyay Anupam
Published: August 2022

Hardware Trojans (HTs) are malicious manipulations of the standard functionality of an integrated circuit (IC). Sophisticated defense against HT attacks has become the utmost current research endeavor. In particular, the HTs whose operations depend on the rare activation condition are the most critical ones. Among other techniques, logic test by rare net excitation is advocated as one of the viable detection methods due to no extra hardware requirement. However, logic test faces a tremendous challenge of the overhead of testing configuration. This work presents a methodology based on the primary input’s impact over rare nets using transition probability to select the useful test vectors. To generate a test vector, each input’s toggle probability is calculated, which drastically minimizes the search space. The capability of rare-signal generation selects the final list of test vectors. Simulations performed in the presence of different HT triggers on different benchmark circuits, like ISCAS ’85, ISCAS ’89, and ITC ’99, show that the proposed methodology is capable of producing test vectors with significantly improved rare net coverage. Furthermore, compared to an existing technique, the proposed methodology produces average higher rare switching (around 72%) inside a netlist.
JSAnalyzer: A Web Developer Tool for Simplifying Mobile Web Pages through Non-critical JavaScript Elimination
Authors: Chaqfeh Moumena , Coke Russell , Hu Jacinta , Hashmi Waleed , Subramanian Lakshmi , Rahwan Talal , Zaki Yasir
Published: August 2022

The amount of JavaScript used in web pages has substantially grown in the past decade, leading to large and complex pages that are computationally intensive for handheld mobile devices. Due to the increasing usage of these devices to access today’s web, and to accommodate the needs of a large number of mobile web users who solely rely on low-end devices, we propose “JSAnalyzer,” an easy-to-use tool that enables web developers to quickly optimize JavaScript usage in their pages and to generate simpler versions of these pages for mobile web users. JSAnalyzer is motivated by the widespread use of non-critical JavaScript elements, i.e., those that have negligible (if any) impact on the page’s visual content and interactive functionality. JSAnalyzer allows the developer to selectively enable or disable JavaScript elements in any given page while visually observing their impact on the page to (1) accurately identify any non-critical JavaScript elements and (2) create a simplified page with these elements removed. Our quantitative evaluation shows that, given a low-end mobile phone, JSAnalyzer achieves an increase of nearly 90% in Google’s lighthouse performance score while reducing the page load time by 30%. A qualitative study of 22 users shows that the lighter pages produced by JSAnalyzer maintain more than 90% visual similarity compared to the original pages. Moreover, JSAnalyzer was evaluated by 69 developers, showing that it scores nearly 90% in terms of usefulness and usability while retaining the page’s content and functionality. Finally, we show that JSAnalyzer outperforms state-of-the-art solutions in terms of timing speedups and resource savings.
No-reference Quality Assessment for Contrast-distorted Images Based on Gray and Color-gray-difference Space
Authors: Yang Yang , Ding Yingqiu , Cheng Ming , Zhang Weiming
Published: August 2022

No-reference image quality assessment is a basic and challenging problem in the field of image processing. Among them, contrast distortion has a great impact on the perception of image quality. However, there are relatively few studies on no-reference quality assessment of contrast-distorted images. This article proposes a no-reference quality assessment algorithm for contrast-distorted images based on gray and color-gray-difference (CGD) space. In terms of gray space, we consider the local and global aspects, and use the distribution characteristics of the grayscale histogram to represent global features, while local features are described by the fusion of Local Binary Pattern (LBP) operator and gradient. In terms of CGD space, we first randomly extract patches from the entire image and then extract appropriate quality perception features in the patch’s CGD histogram. Finally, the AdaBoosting back propagation (BP) neural network is used to train the prediction model to predict the quality of the contrast-distorted image. Extensive analysis and cross-validation are carried out on five contrast-related image databases, and the experimental results have proved the superiority of this method compared with recent related algorithms.
LanCeX: A Versatile and Lightweight Defense Method against Condensed Adversarial Attacks in Image and Audio Recognition
Authors: Xu Zirui , Yu Fuxun , Liu Chenchen , Chen Xiang
Published: August 2022

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely deployed in various embedded recognition applications. However, they demonstrate a considerable vulnerability to adversarial attacks, which leverage the well-designed perturbations to mislead the recognition results. Recently, for easier perturbation injection and higher attack effectiveness, the adversarial perturbations have been concentrated into a small area with various types and different data modalities. When defending such condensed adversarial attacks on the embedded recognition scenarios, most of the existing defense works highlight two critical issues. First, they are particularly designed for each individual condensed attack scenario, lacking enough versatility to accommodate attacks with different data modalities. Second, they rely on computation-intensive preprocessing techniques, which is impractical for time-sensitive embedded recognition scenarios. In this article, we propose
LanCeX
–a versatile and lightweight CNN defense solution against condensed adversarial attacks. By examining the CNN’s intrinsic vulnerability, we first identify the common attacking mechanism behind condensed adversarial attacks across different data modalities. Based on this mechanism,
LanCeX
can defend against various condensed attacks with the optimal computation workload in different recognition scenarios. Experiments show that
LanCeX
can achieve an average 91%, 85%, and 90% detection success rate and optimal adversarial mitigation performance in three recognition scenarios, respectively: image classification, object detection, and audio recognition. Moreover,
LanCeX
is at most 3× faster compared with the state-of-the-art defense methods, making it feasible to use with resource-constrained embedded systems.
In vivo molecular imaging stratifies rats with different susceptibilities to hyperoxic acute lung injury
Authors: Audi Said H. , Taheri Pardis , Zhao Ming , Hu Kurt , Jacobs Elizabeth R. , Clough Anne V.
Published: August 2022

99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) and 99mTc-duramycin in vivo imaging detects pulmonary oxidative stress and cell death, respectively, in rats exposed to >95% O2 (hyperoxia) as a model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Preexposure to hyperoxia for 48 h followed by 24 h in room air (H-T) is protective against hyperoxia-induced lung injury. This study’s objective was to determine the ability of 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-duramycin to track this protection and to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Rats were exposed to normoxia, hyperoxia for 60 h, H-T, or H-T followed by 60 h of hyperoxia (H-T + 60). Imaging was performed 20 min after intravenous injection of either 99mTc-HMPAO or 99mTc-duramycin. 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-duramycin lung uptake was 200% and 167% greater ( P < 0.01) in hyperoxia compared with normoxia rats, respectively. On the other hand, uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO in H-T + 60 was 24% greater ( P < 0.01) than in H-T rats, but 99mTc-duramycin uptake was not significantly different ( P = 0.09). Lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, pleural effusion, endothelial filtration coefficient, and histological indices all showed evidence of protection and paralleled imaging results. Additional results indicate higher mitochondrial complex IV activity in H-T versus normoxia rats, suggesting that mitochondria of H-T lungs may be more tolerant of oxidative stress. A pattern of increasing lung uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-duramycin correlates with advancing oxidative stress and cell death and worsening injury, whereas stable or decreasing 99mTc-HMPAO and stable 99mTc-duramycin reflects hyperoxia tolerance, suggesting the potential utility of molecular imaging for identifying at-risk hosts that are more or less susceptible to progressing to ARDS.
Natriuretic peptide receptor-C mediates the inhibitory effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on neutrophil recruitment to the lung during acute lung injury
Authors: Harrington Elizabeth O. , Kumar Ashok , Leandre Verida , Wilson Zachary S. , Guarino Brianna , Braza Julie , Lefort Craig T. , Klinger James R.
Published: August 2022

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) protects against acute lung injury (ALI), but the receptor that mediates this effect is not known. Transgenic mice with 0 (knockout), 1 (heterozygote), or 2 (wild-type) functional copies of Npr3, the gene that encodes for natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C), were treated with intravenous infusion of ANP or saline vehicle before oropharyngeal aspiration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA103) or saline vehicle. Lung injury was assessed 4 h following aspiration by measurement of lung wet/dry (W/D) weight, whole lung leukocyte and cytokine levels, and protein, leukocyte, and cytokine concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). PA103 induced acute lung injury as evidenced by increases in lung W/D ratio and protein concentration in BALF. The severity of PA103-induced lung injury did not differ between NPR-C genotypes. Treatment with intravenous ANP infusion reduced PA103-induced increases in lung W/D and BALF protein concentration in all three NPRC genotypes. PA103 increased the percentage of leukocytes that were neutrophils and cytokine levels in whole lung and BALF in NPR-C wild-type and knockout mice. This effect was blunted by ANP in wild-type mice but not in the NPR-C knockout mice. NPR-C does not mediate the protective effect of ANP on endothelial cell permeability in settings of PA103-induced injury but may mediate the effect of ANP on inhibition of the recruitment of neutrophils to the lung and thereby attenuate the release of inflammatory cytokines.
Denoising Seismic Data via a Threshold Shrink Method in the Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transform Domain
Authors: Yang Yu , Ran Qi , Chen Kang , Lei Cheng , Zhang Yusheng , Liang Han , Han Song , Tang Cong
Published: August 2022

In seismic exploration, effective seismic signals can be seriously distorted by and interfered with noise, and the performance of traditional seismic denoising approaches can hardly meet the requirements of high-precision seismic exploration. To remarkably enhance signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and adapt to high-precision seismic exploration, this work exploits the non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) and threshold shrink method to design a new approach for suppressing seismic random noise. NSCT is an excellent multiscale, multidirectional, and shift-invariant image decomposition scheme, which can not only calculate exact contourlet transform coefficients through multiresolution analysis but also give an almost optimized approximation. It has better high-frequency response and stronger ability to describe curves and surfaces. Specifically, we propose to utilize the superior performance NSCT to decomposing the noisy seismic data into various frequency sub-bands and orientation response sub-bands, obtaining fine enough transform high frequencies to effectively achieve the separation of signals and noises. Besides, we use the adaptive Bayesian threshold shrink method instead of traditional handcraft threshold scheme for denoising the high-frequency sub-bands of NSCT coefficients, which pays more attention to the internal characteristics of the signals/data itself and improve the robustness of method, which can work better for preserving richer structure details of effective signals. The proposed method can achieve seismic random noise attenuation while retaining effective signals to the maximum degree. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method is superior to wavelet-based and curvelet-based threshold denoising methods, which increases synthetic seismic data with lower SNR from −8.2293 dB to 8.6838 dB, and 11.8084 dB and 9.1072 dB higher than two classic sparse transform based methods, respectively. Furthermore, we also apply the proposed method to process field data, which achieves satisfactory results.
Association between Glucocorticoids and Mortality in Patients with Severe Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tang Qiufeng , Chen Qiongyan , Li Yanqing , Wang Zuanjin
Published: August 2022

Objective. To explore the associations between glucocorticoid use and the clinical outcome of patients with severe pneumonia. Methods. Medical databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect were searched for relevant literature. Two independent researchers extracted the primary endpoint from the included literature. The Cochrane

Q

test and

I

2

statistics were used to evaluate the interstudy heterogeneity. The combined risk estimates were calculated by random effect model, and the source of heterogeneity was evaluated by subgroup analysis. Funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to assess publication bias.

P
<
0.05

denoted statistical significance. Results. A total of 12 literature, including 8171 patients with 1083 deaths, were included in this study for meta-analysis. The use of glucocorticoids significantly increased the mortality (

RR
=
1.44

, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.84,

P
<
0.001

), the risk of requiring mechanical ventilation (

RR
=
1.62

, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.02,

P
<
0.001

), and the incidence of nosocomial infection (

RR
=
1.36

, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.82,

P
=
0.04

) in patients with severe pneumonia as compared with the control group. In addition, the use of glucocorticoids did not seem to be associated with length of treatment in the intensive care unit (

mean
 
difference
=
1.47

, 95% CI: -1.04, 3.96,

P
=
0.25

) and the length of hospital stay (

mean
 
difference
=
0.55

, 95% CI: -3.90, 4.99,

P
=
0.81

). Conclusion. The use of glucocorticoids may increase the mortality, the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia, and the need for mechanical ventilation in patients with severe pneumonia.
[Retracted] Knockdown of PVT1 Exerts Neuroprotective Effects against Ischemic Stroke Injury through Regulation of miR‐214/Gpx1 Axis
Authors: Liu Xiaozhou , Wang Tian , Jing Ping , Zhang Mei , Chang Fei , Xiong Wei
Published: August 2022

Previous studies have reported that lncRNA PVT1 was closely related to ischemic stroke. Here, the role of PVT1 in ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanism were investigated. OGDR‐stimulated PC12 cells were used to construct a cell model to mimic ischemic stroke. si‐PVT1, miR‐214 mimic, inhibitor, or the negative controls were transfected into PC12 cells prior to OGDR treatment. PVT1, miR‐214, and Gpx1 expression was measured by qRT‐PCR and western blotting assays. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were tested by CCK‐8 assay and western blotting. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were determined by ELISA Kit. Results showed that PVT1 was increased significantly in OGDR PC12 cells. PVT1 knockdown significantly enhanced cell viability and attenuated cell apoptosis, ROS generation, and inflammation in OGDR PC12 cells. More importantly, PVT1 or Gpx1 was a target of miR‐214. Mechanistically, PVT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA of miR‐214 to regulate the downstream gene Gpx1. In conclusion, PVT1 knockdown attenuated OGDR PC12 cell injury by modulating miR‐214/Gpx1 axis. These findings offer a potential novel strategy for ischemic stroke therapy.