bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parol evidence and the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008
Authors: Lombard Marianne
Published: July 2021

The conflict between the objectives of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 – to protect consumers and ensure accessible and transparent redress – and the purpose of the parol evidence rule – to exclude extrinsic evidence and observe the maxim pact servanda sunt ‒ is evident and forms the basis of this article. The purpose of consumer protection legislation is to balance the rights of consumers and suppliers, to protect the interests of consumers and to ensure efficient redress for consumers who have been wronged. The parol evidence rule, which is still in effect in South Africa, prohibits extrinsic evidence in a dispute to interpret a written agreement between parties to ensure certainty on the terms and conditions agreed to in writing. In practice, the parol evidence rule can disadvantage consumers who enter into standard-form contracts, as they normally are in an inferior bargaining position and cannot negotiate the individual terms and conditions of consumer agreements. It is obvious that the strict enforcement of the parol evidence rule in consumer agreements could lead to unjust results in consumer disputes. The provisions of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 are discussed to establish the extent of the limitation of the parol evidence rule therein. Then, the Consumer Rights Act, 2015 in the United Kingdom is considered to establish the tendency to limit the application of the rule in foreign consumer legislation, and to compare that to the position in South Africa. This article discusses whether the restriction or limitation of the parol evidence rule in the Consumer Protection Act is efficient in reaching the aims and objectives of the Act.
PBMC 10X Genomics Single Cell CUT&Tag Protocol v1
Authors: B. Mihalas Anca , S. Kaya-Okur Hatice , Henikoff Steven , P. Patel Anoop
Published: July 2021

This protocol is based on the bulk CUT&Tag protocol developed in the Henikoff laboratory (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09982-5) and adapted for single nuclei input onto the 10X Genomics single cell ATAC-seq platform.Throughout this protocol the nuclei will be lost due to multiple washes and partial clumping, so to ensure enough single nuclei are retained, we set up to start with 1 million PBMC-isolated nuclei when starting the primary antibody incubation (B. CUT&Tag protocol, Step 11). To get 1 million PBMC-isolated nuclei aim to input double the amount of live PBMCs, since the nuclei isolation protocol is set up to yield single nuclei solutions by performing low relative centrifugal force (RCF) spins that will prevent nuclei clumping, but will not pellet all nuclei after multiple washes.
Mobile Phone Spectrophotometer Setup [Tea experiment version] v1
Authors: E Hubbard Katharine
Published: July 2021

This protocol allows you to turn a mobile phone (smart phone) into a colorimeter/spectrophotometer. It goes through how to set up your phone and workspace, making up a dilution series, constructing a calibration curve and making measurements. This version of the protocol is used to test the hypothesis "Two different brands of tea bags will produce different strengths of tea". There are therefore no chemicals required, so the protocol is suitable for performing in a domestic kitchen. The protocol could be adapted for other experiments e.g. comparing chlorophyll concentrations, comparing the solubility of spices in water vs vodka vs vegetable oil. The protocol is inspired by and adapted from this video - smartphone spectrophotometer
WORD-FORMATION IN MODERN GREEK: THE PECULIARITIES OF SUFFIXATION
Authors: Kuibida Khrystyna , Olishchuk Rocksolyana
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the main features of the affixation as one of the ways of the Greek word formation, of suffixation in particular. In order to reveal the complete historical picture concerning the processes of appearance or loss of specific suffixes, besides the synchronic, the diachronic approach was used in the work. Firstly, the history of the development of linguistic traditions of the Greek language is mentioned, the main theoretical concepts are defined, such as: a word-forming type as the main classification unit of a word-forming paradigm, a word-forming meaning and a word-forming category. The Greek suffixes were divided into two types: those that add an emotional tone to the word (diminutive, augmentative), and give a new meaning to the word. Diminutive suffixes are are of substantival and adjective nature, while augmentative suffixes might also be added to the verb bases. It is noted that the augmentatives are used exclusively in masculine and feminine genders, while diminutives are used in three genders (of which the neuter prevails). Suffixes of the second type transfer the creative basis into another grammatical category, changing the meaning. In the system of Modern Greek nouns several word-forming categories were singled out, on the basis of which word-forming models and meanings of suffixal derivatives are demonstrated. Adjective suffixation is briefly examined. The most common verb and adverb suffixes are listed. The main data on the Greek suffixation are systematized in the article: the general features of MG suffixes, the main differences between the features of AG and MG suffixations, the evolution of MG suffixation is analyzed on the basis of four types of suffixes, the borrowed MG suffixes are classified by origin.
ENGLISH TERMS BORROWING INTO GERMAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Avchinnikova Halyna , Stavchuk Natalia
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes and characterizes the phenomenon of English words’ borrowing into German language. The aim of the article is to find out the causes and consequences of this process. The peculiarities of recent borrowings have been studied, taking into account the impact of coronavirus pandemic, problems of gender inequality, environmental, political and other factors that influence the German vocabulary. Except for these factors there is still the influence of scientific and technological progress, the increase in the flow of information and the need to transmit information globally as quickly as possible alongside with the tendency for conciseness and accuracy. Also Duden dictionaries are described as a source of reflection on modern German. The authors state that in the beginning of the XXI century, in particularly in the year 2020, the process of English vocabulary borrowing into German has greatly increased and now is the most intensive for the entire period of this borrowing. With the dynamic development of globalization, internationalization and the strengthening of the status of English as an international language and other reasons such borrowings are inevitable and it is prognosed that this intensive borrowing will be even more dynamic. German philologists and politicians have already begun worrying about this process and the threat of quick language changes, therefore ways of minimizing this process are being discussed.
Stratejik İş Birliği ve Askerî Danışmanlık Kapsamında Osmanlı Donanmasında Amiral Limpus Misyonu (1912-1914)
Authors: Dal Dilara
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada II. Meşrutiyet’in ilan edilmesiyle birlikte donanmanın reorganizasyonu için Osmanlı Hükümeti hizmetine alınan son İngiliz danışman olan Amiral Arthur Henry Limpus’un hizmet dönemi ele alınmıştır. İngiliz Bahriye Nazırı Winston Churchill tarafından bu görev için bizzat seçilen Amiral Limpus’un göreve alınış süreci, selefleri Amiral Gamble ve Amiral Williams’la yaptığı görüşmeler dikkate alınarak incelenmiş ve İngiliz subayların Osmanlı bahriyesinde yetki alanı hususunda yaşadıkları problemler değerlendirilmiştir. Amiral Limpus’un Bahriye Nezareti’ne arz ettiği raporlar analiz edilerek, Osmanlı bahriye politikasını Avusturya donanmasına denk ve Yunanistan donanmasından daha güçlü bir filo oluşturmak olarak belirlediği saptanmıştır. Amiral, bu amaçla satın alınan dretnotların İngiltere’deki inşa sürecini yakından takip etmiş, Osmanlı bahriye teşkilat yapısının yeniden düzenlenmesini sağlamış ve subay ve askerlerin eğitimi için çeşitli alanlarda kurslar organize etmiştir. Bu süreçler İngiliz Ulusal Denizcilik Müzesi Arşivi’nde muhafaza edilen ve ilk kez bu çalışmada kullanılan Amiral Limpus’un kendisine ait evrakı ve Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi belgeleri temel kaynak alınarak analiz edilmiştir.
PolarGUI: A MATLAB-Based Tool for Polarization Analysis of the Three-Component Seismic Data Using Different Algorithms
Authors: Li Huailiang , Qu Kai , Rong Wenzheng , Tuo Xianguo , Lu Jing , Wang Ruili , Wang Xuben , Courtois Jérémie
Published: July 2021

We present an open-source and MATLAB-based tool with an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI) consisting of four polarization analysis approaches: the particle-motion trajectory (a hodogram in a 3D plane), eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) based on the covariance matrix (including two calculation methods), singular value decomposition using principal component analysis, and EVD based on a constructed analytic signal matrix (EVD-ASM). We review the calculation processes and features of the four cited methods. The eigenvalue and eigenvector are applied to obtain the polarization attributes of the three-component (3C) seismic data. Using rose graphs and histograms, the corresponding azimuth and incidence angle are calculated to determine the propagation direction of the seismic wave. Statistical distribution curves of the corresponding rectilinearity and planarity of the waves are also plotted. The polarization analysis GUI can simultaneously analyze two selected data sections in a seismic recording corresponding to P and S waves. We evaluate the performance of these algorithms using real 3C earthquake datasets. Comparison tests indicate that the aforementioned four methods have different time consumption, and the differences between the results of the EVD-ASM and those of the other methods are very small.
Loreto Intermediate Depth Earthquake of 26 May 2019 (Northeast Peru): Source Parameters by Inversion of Local to Regional Waveforms and Strong-Motion Observations
Authors: Tavera Hernando , Delouis Bertrand , Mercado Arturo , Portugal David
Published: July 2021

The Loreto earthquake of 26 May 2019 occurred below the extreme northeast part of Peru at a depth of 140 km within the subducting Nazca plate at a distance of 700 km from the trench Peru–Chile. The orientation of the seismic source was obtained from waveform inversion in the near field using velocity and strong-motion data. The rupture occurred in normal faulting corresponding to a tensional process with T axis oriented in east–west direction similar to the direction of convergence between the Nazca and South America plates. The analysis of the strong-motion data shows that the levels of ground shaking are very heterogeneous with values greater than 50 Gal up to distances of 300 km; the maximum recorded acceleration of 122 Gal at a distance of 100 km from the epicenter. The Loreto earthquake is classified as a large extensional event in the descending Nazca slab in the transition from flat-slab geometry to greater dip.
Seismic Monitoring of Permafrost in Svalbard, Arctic Norway
Authors: Albaric Julie , Kühn Daniela , Ohrnberger Matthias , Langet Nadège , Harris Dave , Polom Ulrich , Lecomte Isabelle , Hillers Gregor
Published: July 2021

We analyze data from passive and active seismic experiments conducted in the Adventdalen valley of Svalbard in the Norwegian Arctic. Our objective is to characterize the ambient wavefield of the region and to investigate permafrost dynamics through estimates of seismic velocity variations. We are motivated by a need for early geophysical detection of potentially hazardous changes to permafrost stability. We draw upon several data sources to constrain various aspects of seismic wave propagation in Adventdalen. We use f-k analysis of five years of continuous data from the Spitsbergen seismic array (SPITS) to demonstrate that ambient seismic noise on Svalbard consists of continuously present body waves and intermittent surface waves appearing at regular intervals. A change in wavefield direction accompanies the sudden onset of surface waves when the average temperature rises above the freezing point, suggesting a cryogenic origin. This hypothesis is supported further by our analysis of records from a temporary broadband network, which indicates that the background wavefield is dominated by icequakes. Synthetic Green’s functions calculated from a 3D velocity model match well with empirical Green’s functions constructed from the recorded ambient seismic noise. We use a shallow shear-wave velocity model, obtained from active seismic measurements, to estimate the maximum depth of Rayleigh wave sensitivity to changes in shear velocity to be in the 50–100 m range. We extract seasonal variations in seismic velocities from ambient noise cross-correlation functions computed over three years of SPITS data. We attribute relative velocity variations to changes in the ice content of the shallow (2–4 m depth) permafrost, which is sensitive to seasonal temperature changes. A linear decreasing trend in seismic velocity is observed over the years, most likely due to permafrost warming.
Graduate Portfolio of Theodoros Katerinakis
Authors:   , Katerinakis Theodoros , Katerinakis Theodoros
Published: July 2021

The code of ethics of the Association of Computing Machinery, its deontological and pragmatic dimensions established "computing" as a science and a profession. The paper uses an approach similar to Adorno's role-playing as an analytical tool; self-regulation mostly depends on the consensus and commitment of the "members of the profession", as participants in Habermasian ideal situations, using information exchange as speech acts. Cooperative Bank of Chania is used for an empirical application of Social Network Analysis in a real-life case that combines the sociological foundation of social economy with the network visualization using the standardized SNA software package UCINET. This bank is a corporate entity in the social economy with 22,000 customer-members that form a social fabric of trust and transactional ties in the local economy of the Greek island of Crete. The primary argument of the paper is that local communities are sustainable only when they can organize their own economy as commons, governing their transactions, relations, and resources in harmony with their social, cultural, and physical environment and the ethos of cooperation and mutuality. Imia/Kardak crisis is an emblematic case study in the field of international negotiations, between Greece and Turkey, illustrating the use of the two-level game theory with emphasis in domestic politics and the role of the media. Insights and testimonies describe classified material and the primary research question is the effect of content or superficial resolution to historical disputes with confounding factors of psychological profiles and personal agendas. Communication components are disclosed using theory elimination; thus, applying game theory and considering the appropriate aspects of it.
Mulher “de classe”: desigualdades corporificadas nas telenovelas brasileiras da Rede Globo=“Classy” women: inequalities embodied in Rede Globo Brazilian soap operas
Authors: Marques Camila
Published: July 2021

ResumoEste artigo parte da premissa de que a ideologia dominante é aquela em que a identidade feminina, assim como as classes mais baixas, é submissa. Sendo assim, propomos articulações possíveis entre as categorias de gênero e classe social - adotada através da matriz bourdiana - para estudos de telenovela, problematizando empiricamente as formas com que o melodrama atua na reprodução das desigualdades não apenas de classe, mas também de gênero. Nosso objetivo é, com base na sociologia bourdiana e nos conceitos de habitus, distinção, estilo de vida, capitais e corpo de classe, identificar como as mulheres de diferentes classes sociais têm sido representadas nas telenovelas brasileiras da Rede Globo na década de 2010. Os dados apontam que, mesmo as tramas que trazem identidades femininas inovadoras para o gênero melodramático acabam reproduzindo o discurso hegemônico dominante vigente há meio século, principalmente através dos usos sociais do corpo feminino.AbstractThis article starts from the premise that the dominant ideology is one in which the female identity, as well as the popular class, is submissive. Thus, we propose possible articulations between the categories of gender and social class – based on Bourdieu - for soap opera studies, empirically problematizing the ways in which the melodrama acts in the reproduction of inequalities not only of class, but also of gender. Our objective – based on bourdieu's sociology (habitus, distinction, life style, capitals, body class) – is to identify how women from different social classes have been represented in the Brazilian soap operas of Rede Globo in the 2010s. We concluded that, even the plots that bring innovative female identities to the soap operas end up reproducing the hegemonic discourse prevailing for half a century, mainly through the social uses of the female body.
Análisis de la representación sexista de la figura de la mujer: estudio de caso en los videoclips más vistos en YouTube España en 2020=Analysis of the sexist representation of the figure of women: case study of the most viewed video clips on YouTube Spain in 2020
Authors: Presencio Herrero Alicia , Díez Hermano Sergio , García Nieto María Teresa
Published: July 2021

ResumenLa figura de la mujer en los medios audiovisuales ha estado tradicionalmente asociada a una sobrexposición de sus atributos sexuales como objeto de deseo y no como sujeto deseante. Con el objetivo de analizar si esta tendencia sigue presente en los hábitos de consumo actuales, en este trabajo se presenta un estudio de casos para analizar los 10 videoclips más vistos en 2020 en YouTube España. Los resultados del análisis de los videoclips revelan que el uso de referentes sexuales y la representación del cuerpo de la mujer se alejan de la neutralidad. Además, la aparición de mujeres latinas y caucásicas de complexión ectomorfa se asoció con un mayor grado de sexismo. Esto revela que la tendencia sexista se mantiene en las preferencias de consumo de la sociedad española en cuanto a videoclip y letras de las canciones.AbstractThe figure of women in the audiovisual media has traditionally been associated with an overexposure of their sexual attributes as an object of desire and not as a desiring subject. In order to analyze whether this trend is still present in current consumer habits, this work presents a case study to analyze the 10 most viewed video clips in 2020 on YouTube Spain. The results of the content analysis reveal that the use of sexual references and the representation of the woman's body are far from neutrality. In addition, the appearance of Latina and Caucasian women with an ectomorphic complexion was associated with a higher degree of sexism. This reveals that the sexist trend is maintained in the consumer preferences of Spanish society in terms of video clips and song lyrics.
You escenario de amor romántico, acoso y muerte. La serie You de la plataforma Netflix desde un análisis de género=You: scene of romantic love, harassment and death. The You series of the Netflix platform from a gender analysis
Authors: González Moreno María José , Cuenca Piqueras Cristina , Checa Olmos Juan Carlos
Published: July 2021

ResumenLa serie You (2018) de Netflix (como ejemplo de éxito de audiencia en una gran plataforma streaming) narra la historia del “amor romántico” de un acosador obsesionado por una joven que desea ser escritora. A partir de este argumento, el objetivo principal de esta investigación se centra en analizar cómo están representados sus personajes principales y cuál es el discurso narrativo que sostiene la historia desde una perspectiva fílmica feminista. Para ello, establecemos dos grandes bloques de análisis: análisis de contenido discursivo y análisis visual. Esta investigación señala la continuidad de los estereotipos de género machistas. El tratamiento de las imágenes tampoco es inmune al discurso hegemónico masculino.AbstractThe Netflix series You (2018) (as an example of audience success on a large streaming platform) tells the story of the "romantic love" of a stalker obsessed with a young woman who wants to be a writer. Based on this plot, the main objective of this research focuses on analysing how its main characters are represented and what is the narrative discourse that sustains the story from a feminist filmic perspective. To do this, we establish two major blocks of analysis: discursive content analysis and visual analysis. This research points out the continuity of sexist gender stereotypes. The treatment of images is also not immune to male hegemonic discourse.
Percepciones e impactos de la cosificación sexual de las mujeres en estudiantes universitarias ecuatorianas=Perceptions and impacts of sexual objectification of women in female university students in Ecuador
Authors: Verdú Delgado Ana Dolores , Sinche Morocho Narcisa de Jesús , Paladines Moreno Ximena Abigail
Published: July 2021

ResumenEste artículo analiza la recepción de las representaciones mediáticas de las mujeres por parte de estudiantes universitarias en Ecuador. Aplicamos una encuesta autoadministrada a 2.963 mujeres, de las cuales el 66,1% manifiesta haberse sentido molesta alguna vez ante imágenes sexistas difundidas por los medios de comunicación. Los resultados de esta encuesta nos permiten identificar una general disconformidad de las participantes con respecto a la difusión masiva de estas imágenes. Asimismo, al evaluar la percepción de los impactos que tienen sobre las mujeres este tipo de representaciones femeninas en los medios, los resultados nos llevan a reconocer la complejidad de este tema, y a interpretar los datos en función del contexto cultural en el que se sitúa el estudio.AbstractThis article analyzes the reception of media representation of women by female university students in Ecuador. We implemented a self-administered survey, which was answered by 2.963 women, from which 66,1% stated that they had felt upset in some cases at sexist images widespread by the mass media. The results of this survey allow us to identify a general discomfort of the participants with respect to the mass broadcast of this type of imagery. However, by evaluating the perception of the impact of these female representations on women, results lead us to recognize the complexity of this issue, and to interpret the data in accordance with the cultural context in which the study was located.
Diferencias de género en la comunicación de las y los “influencers”: el caso de los instagramers gastronómicos=Gender differences in influencer communication: the case of gastronomic instagramers
Authors: Herrero Ruiz Laura , Navarro-Beltrá Marián
Published: July 2021

ResumenPese a la existencia de estudios que demuestran que hombres y mujeres utilizan estrategias discursivas diferentes, no se ha prestado atención al análisis de estas desemejanzas en las redes sociales. Así, se pretende analizar si se producen diferencias de género en la comunicación que se efectúa en Instagram y se examina el caso de los y las influencers gastronómicos. Se utiliza la metodología cuantitativa y se realiza un análisis de contenido de 339 publicaciones de Instagram llevadas a cabo por 10 influencers gastronómicos (5 mujeres y 5 hombres). Los principales resultados muestran que existe diferencia en la comunicación que hombres y mujeres realizan, suscitándose un estereotipo de género en el que son ellas las que toman más presencia.AbstractDespite the existence of studies that show that men and women use different discursive strategies, no attention has been paid to the analysis of these dissimilarities in social networks. Thus, it is intended to analyze whether there are gender differences in the communication that takes place on Instagram and examines the case of gastronomic influencers. The quantitative methodology is used and a content analysis of 339 Instagram posts made by 10 gastronomic influencers (5 women and 5 men) is carried out. The main results show that there is a difference in the communication that men and women carry out, giving rise to a gender stereotype in which they are the ones who take more presence.
La ausencia de mujeres como referentes culturales en los manuales de italiano L2/LS=The absence of women as cultural references in the Italian L2 / LS manuals
Authors: Frabotta Simona
Published: July 2021

ResumenVarias investigaciones han encontrado rasgos sexistas en relación con la escasa presencia de mujeres como referentes culturales en los manuales escolares. Con el objetivo de estudiar esta tendencia en los libros de texto de italiano como L2/LS se han analizado nueve manuales actualmente en uso y se han identificado categorías específicas que dan cuenta de la presencia de mujeres ilustres y del impacto global de estas en los textos. Los resultados demuestran que las figuras femeninas están generalmente infrarrepresentadas, llegando a ser poco más que el 15 % del total. La ausencia de mujeres ilustres indica que en los manuales para alumnado extranjero la cultura italiana se representa de forma segada y poco rigurosa.AbstractSeveral research studies have shown sexist traits in relation to the scarce presence of women as cultural references in textbooks. In order to study this trend in Italian textbooks, this article examines nine current manuals. As a result, various categories have been identified in order to analyse the presence of illustrious women and the overall impact of women’s presence in the textbooks. The results show that female figures are generally underrepresented, amounting to little more than 15% of the total. The absence of illustrious women indicates that in language textbooks for foreign learners, Italian culture is represented in a biased and insufficiently rigorous way.
MicroRNA in Ophthalmology
Authors: Brovkina A. F. , Yarovaya G. A. , Tsybikova N. D.
Published: July 2021

The article provides brief information on the history of microRNA studies. Today, their role in human pathology is regarded as key regulators of the expression of genes and the proteins encoded by them: miRNA molecules perform important physiological functions in cells and tissues of various organs. The specific mechanisms of their participation in the pathological process are insufficiently known. MicroRNAs were the first to be studied in patients with spinal muscular atrophy and leukemia. Publications devoted to the study of miRNAs and their role in the life of the eye appeared in 2002. Initially, miRNAs were studied in the tissues of the animals’ eyes (mice and zebras), and later the role of miRNAs of retinal pigment epithelium in inflammatory changes was studied in the experiment. The first information on the searches and isolation of microRNAs, their quantitative characterization in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, autoimmune uveitis was analyzed. Encouraging results were obtained and the prospects of such studies in revealing the pathogenesis and the possibility of targeted treatment. Preliminary judgments were made about the role of miRNAs in the formation of various clinical forms of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (endocrine ophthalmopathy), which also gives hope for the emergence of targeted therapy for this disease. More publications have been devoted to the importance of miRNAs in the development of primary malignant intraocular tumors (retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma). Considerable attention is paid to retinoblastoma: the results of a study of various miRNAs as biomarkers of this tumor for early diagnosis with final access to targeted therapy, both in case of local lesion and in conditions of its metastasis, are presented. Most studies are limited to the study of miRNAs in tumor tissues. Over the past 5 years, a number of studies have been performed to highlight the spectrum of circulating miRNAs that have potential diagnostic value for early detection of metastases of uveal melanoma. The number of observations or experiments in the analyzed works is small, the studies are exploratory in nature and the publications all end almost with the phrase: “Further research is required”.
Features of Diseases of the Anterior Part of the Eye in Patients after COVID-19
Authors: Yani E. V. , Orlova E. N. , Seliverstova K. E.
Published: July 2021

There are quite systematic data of the ophthalmic manifestations in SARS-CoV-2, on the presence of conjunctivitis in patients with COVID-19, as well as on the detection of viruses in the lacrimal fluid and eye tissues. And, although ophthalmic manifestations are considered rather rare for COVID-19 and are not included in the list of important for diagnosis, there is not enough reliable data on the inflammatory processes of the eye’s anterior part and their connection with COVID-19, as well as those arising against the background of the treatment.

Purpose. To study the development of inflammatory diseases of the anterior part of the eye in patients who have undergone the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.

resu. In the Department of Infectious and Allergic Eye Diseases of the Helmholts National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 88 patients with confirmed transferred new coronavirus infection COVID-19 of varying severity were observed. The main method of laboratory diagnostics is the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in swabs from the nasopharynx, the patient’s sputum. Serodiagnostics of COVID-19 includes the determination of IgG-, IgM-antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results. Acute conjunctivitis associated with COVID-19 is quite rare and is an early sign of the disease. In the complex nonspecific topical therapy of viral conjunctivitis in COVID-19, along with etiopathogenetic systemic treatment, local eye medications with immunomodulatory and antiviral activity should be used. Conjunctivitis during a pandemic may be the only sign of COVID-19. The development of allergic conjunctivitis in COVID-19 is possibly associated not only with the effect of a viral agent, but also depends on the toxic effect of drugs used in the complex treatment of this disease. The increase in the number of patients with episcleritis after the postponed coronavirus infection needs further detailed study, with the analysis of laboratory data from this group of patients and the accumulation of clinical material.

Conclusion. Ophthalmic manifestations in COVID-19 are very different, affecting various structures of the eye, occur at different periods — both during the course of the disease and after clinical recovery, and, of course, need further consideration, study and structuring.
Results of Using Alternating Presentation of Stereostimuli in Children with Functional Scotoma in Non-Paralytic Strabismus
Authors: Rychkova S. I. , Likhvantseva V. G.
Published: July 2021

The work is devoted to one of the actual problems of modern strabismology — the study of the ability to stereo perception in children with non-paralytic strabismus.

Purpose: to study the capability to stereovision with alternating presentation of stereostimuli in children with functional scotoma in non-paralytic strabismus.

Patients and methods. 113 children with functional scotoma (FS) in non-paralytic strabismus were observed. We used stereostimuli with different characteristics in the following regimes of presentation: 1) the regime of simple monocular alternating (alternate presentation of an image for the right eye and the left eye); 2) the regime having an “empty” interval (black background) between monocular phases; 3) the regime having a binocular phase (a binocular image containing details corresponding to the stimuli for the right eye and the left eye) between monocular phases.

Results. It was found that in 23 (20,3 %) children, the ability to stereo perception was completely absent. All these children had stable total FS (monocular vision). In the remaining 90 children (with unstable or regional FS), the ability to stereo perception was shown with some stimuli in some modes of their alternating presentation. For stimuli with a central arrangement of linear parts, the stereo effect was possible when they were presented in an alternating mode with an “empty” interval lasting from 20 to 70 ms in combination with the duration of monocular phases from 30 to 90 ms. For stimuli with a peripheral arrangement of linear elements, 22.1 % of children were able to stereo perception not only in the “empty” interval mode, but also in the simple alternation mode. At the same time, the greatest number of children capable of stereo perception was detected when using the mode with an “empty” interval of 30–60 ms and a duration of monocular phases of 40–60 ms. With random-dot stimuli, none of the children in this group were capable of stereo perception.

Conclusion. Our results suggest that even in patients with FS in non-paralytic strabismus, stereo perception is possible under the conditions of alternating presentation of stimuli with certain characteristics. In this case, the most likely appearance of a stereo effect with stimuli containing peripheral linear elements that create a stereo effect when presented in an alternating mode with an empty interval between monocular phases.
The Protective Effect of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid in HypoxiaInduced Apoptosis of Conjunctiva and Cornea Cells in vivo
Authors: Ryabtseva A. A. , Akberova S. I. , Ali-zade G. Kh. , Babayev H. F. , Markitantova Yu. V.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: to evaluate the effects of acute hypoxic hypoxia on eye tissue cells in adult rats and determining the effectiveness of 0.007 % solution of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) for apoptotic damage to the tissues of the ocular surface in rats.

Materials and methods. In the experiment, 27 male Wistar rats (54 eyes) were used, divided into 5 groups. Group I — intact control, Group II — hypoxic control after 1 hour, Group III — hypoxic control after 3 hours, Group IV — with the injection of the drug 1 hour after hypoxia, Group V — injection of the drug 24 hours before hypoxia. The identification of apoptotic cells in the tissues of the eye was performed by the TUNEL method on frozen sections of the eye stained with Hoechst 33342 nuclear fluorescent dye. The localization and fluorescence intensity of the damaged cells was analyzed under a fluorescence microscope using the Image J. computer program.

Results. Under the conditions of simulated acute hypoxic hypoxia, apoptotic lesions of the conjunctiva, corneal epithelium, choroid, and photoreceptor layer of the retina were observed. In group II, the number of damaged cells in the conjunctiva was 67 %, and in group III it was 120 % more compared to group I — the norm (p < 0.05). With the injection of PABA before hypoxia, there were no significant differences compared with the norm (group I) in the state of the affected cells in the conjunctiva. In the group of animals (group III) with the injection of PABA after hypoxia after 1 h, the number of damaged cells does not statistically differ from group II (hypoxic control after 1 h), but significantly lower than in group III (hypoxic control after 3 hours). The same pattern is observed in the corneal epithelium.

Conclusion. Para-aminobenzoic acid (0.007 %) has a prophylactic and therapeutic effect, preventing and stabilizing the development of apoptosis of conjunctival cells and anterior corneal epithelium induced in experimental acute hypoxic hypoxia.
The Virtual Ballet Studio: A Phenomenological Enquiry into the Domestic as Dance-Space During Lockdown
Authors: Ferrer-Best Francesca
Published: July 2021

The paper is based on an autoethnographic study of dancing via Zoom over the Covid19 lockdown in Sydney, Australia. Its theoretical framework takes up Iris Marion Young's critical phenomenology and work on domestic space to think about certain focal points of the experience, such as having a room to move in, the floor, and the screen. The aim is to examine how important dance-space is to the experience of dancing, and what the specifics of our current situation have revealed about dancing that were obscured to a greater extent before: for instance, the embeddedness of a dancer in their context and what this means for thinking about privilege, as well as the curatorial work that goes into making domestic space an aestheticized dance-space. In this way, I propose that Zoom classes, as well as being a distinct new phenomenon, also have much to teach us about 'conventional,' pre-Covid dance practice.
What Happens Next?
Authors: Carter Omari 'Motion'
Published: July 2021

No abstract available.
TikTok, Friendship, and Sipping Tea, or How to Endure a Pandemic
Authors: Blanco Borelli Melissa , Moore Madison
Published: July 2021

No abstract available.
"Double-tap, 'That Was Really Dope'": A Conversation on Breaking on Instagram with Tsiambwom Akuchu and Alexandra Harlig
Authors: Akuchu Tsiambwom , Harlig Alexandra
Published: July 2021

No abstract available.
Aprendamos todos a leer: Guía del docente para acompañamiento del aprendizaje: Primer grado: Unidad 3
Authors:   OEI Panamá
Published: July 2021

"Aprendamos todos a leer" es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. Esta guía pretende acompañar al docente en la implementación del programa a distancia durante el tercer bimestre de primer grado, y complementa a los materiales de aula.
Aprendamos todos a leer: Guía del docente para acompañamiento del aprendizaje: Primer grado: Unidad 4
Authors:   OEI Panamá
Published: July 2021

"Aprendamos todos a leer" es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. Esta guía pretende acompañar al docente en la implementación del programa a distancia durante el primer bimestre de primer grado, y complementa a los materiales de aula.
FTIR Measurement of Human Energy Fields (Evidence of the Existence of Human Inner Power)
Authors: Gunawan Anak Agung Ngurah , Sulaiman Albert , Kusumanegara Anak Agung Ngurah Franky , Ramadan Mada , Ramadan Mulana
Published: July 2021

It was argued that human energy consists of physical energy that related to metabolism in the human body and the invisible part represented by the human energy field (HEF). This energy can be generated by a person by using a special excercise. In term of Indian metaphysical theories this energy is called “Chakras” which represents an integrated energy centers. The paper investigates the measurement the Chakra energy by looking at the effect of this energy on the molecular structure of mineral water. The experiment is carried out by providing Chakra energy generated by varying Jurus to a water sample and measured in FTIR. The existence of Chakra energy then analyzed by its effect on the spectrum. The results show that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the mineral water has given Chakra energy have transmitance lower than normal mineral water. The Chakra energy reduce the transmittance but the majority of them does not change a pattern or shift the top of the spectrum. The explicit energy of molecular vibration will be studied by using the Fourier decomposition. This shows that a weakening of molecular vibration occurs to the higher Jurus with a decline in the amplitude of vibration almost half or less.
Formalization of the meaning. Part 1
Authors:   Foundation named after Academician Natalia Bekhtereva, St. Petersburg, Russia, Redozubov A.D.
Published: July 2021

Every area of knowledge builds its descriptions using concepts. At the same time, the definition of concepts given through their characteristic features is widespread. On this basis, both basic mathematical and many philosophical concepts are built. The concepts which a person uses are subject to similar properties, and their nature is the nature of definitions. Numerous attempts to create strong artificial intelligence are based on the corresponding paradigm. The article attempts to substantiate the need to use the contextual-semantic paradigm to explain the work of the natural brain and to create a strong artificial intelligence. A formal model describing the meaning is presented, and its connection with the known data on the functioning of the brain is given. It is shown that a context can be created around each concept, which can be the bearer of the concept's meaning. The context allows one to move away from using a set of features to recognize the phenomenon behind a concept. The context turns out to be a point of view associated with the concept, in which the description of the surrounding world changes. Knowing the rules of these changes, one can not only model different points of view, but also determine which of them create adequate interpretations. At the same time, the presence of an adequate interpretation in the context of the phenomenon serves as a criterion for the presence of this phenomenon.
O movimento zapatista e a construção de uma educação não eurocêntrica e decolonial
Authors: De Melo Alessandro , Ribeiro Débora
Published: July 2021

O Pensamento Decolonial Latino-Americano emerge de um grupo de teóricos localizados epistemicamente no sul do mundo, cujas reflexões partem da ferida colonial, daqueles que tiveram suas vozes e experiências suprimidas pela colonização e modernização. Diante disso, o objetivo que guia a escrita deste texto é analisar a proposta alternativa de educação encabeçada pelo movimento zapatista via pensamento decolonial, a fim de contribuir para uma construção curricular não eurocêntrica, decolonial e decolonizadora. As alternativas de educação dos movimentos sociais latino-americanos, como o zapatismo, apontam e já constroem uma educação decolonial e não eurocêntrica.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs2075876 in AIRE Gene is a Strong Rheumatoid Arthritis Determinant
Authors: Salesi Mansour , Noormohamadi Elham , Pakzad Bahram , Yousefisadr Farzaneh , Salehi Rasoul
Published: July 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive and common autoimmune disease with multifactorial etiology. Several pieces of research show that genetic factors play a major role in the incidence of RA. Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene as one of the candidate loci. This gene encodes a transcription factor, which is involved in the presentation of self-antigens and the negative selection of self-reactive T-cells in the thymus. Studies have indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AIRE gene can change the gene expression and/or function. In the present study, we assessed the possible association between SNP rs2075876 (intronic variant) in the AIRE gene with RA risk in the Iranian population. A case-control study using 56 RA patients and 58 control subjects was undertaken to evaluate rs2075876 genotypes using the real-time PCR high resolution melting method (HRM). Logistic regression analysis demonstrates that homozygous AA and heterozygous AG genotypes compared with GG genotype increase the risk of RA (AA vs. GG; OR=16.43; 95% CI [5.33-50.71] and AG vs. GG; OR=3.21; 95% CI [1.22-8.45]). Also, individuals with allele A were more frequently affected with RA than subjects with G allele (OR=5.81; 95% CI [3.28-10.30]). Furthermore, in the patient group, we found a significant correlation between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein concentration with rs2075876 polymorphism (P<0.05). Our findings propose a substantial correlation between rs2075876 polymorphism and RA risk.
Identifying Main Genes and Pathways by Using Gene Expression Profiling in Primary Immunodeficiency HOIL-1/RBCK1 Disorder Patients
Authors: Shinwari Khyber , Liu Guojun , Bolkov Mikhail , Ullah Monib , Tuzankina Irina
Published: July 2021

HOIL-1/RBCK1 deficiency is a new autosomal receiving disorder with dysfunctional cellular responses to pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to auto-inflammation, pyogenic bacterial disease, and muscle amylopectinosis growth. Our study with integrated bioinformatics studies of the feature genes and the correlative gene functions, investigated the molecular mechanisms of RBCK1 deficiency. GSE31064 dataset expression profile was downloaded from the Omnibus Gene Expression database. Between RBCK1, MYDK88, NEMO deficient fibroblast, and healthy fibroblast specimens, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined. Gene ontology (GO) gene role enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed using the Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery Database (DAVID). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) of these DEGs was visualized using Cytoscape. GO analysis revealed that the “Skeletal system development, Extracellular matrix organization, Positive regulation of cell migration, Negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway, Cell adhesion, Angiogenesis and Negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway, Serine-type carboxypeptidase activity, Polysaccharide binding, Calcium ion binding, frizzled binding, Neuropilin binding, and cell adhesion molecule binding, extracellular exosome, extracellular space, extracellular region, lysosomal lumen, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, cell surface and focal adhesion to BP, MF, and CC, respectively. The study of the KEGG pathway showed that the complement and coagulation cascade, interactions of the ECM receptor, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, cancer pathway, viral carcinogenesis and focal adhesion pathway were closely correlated with the incidence of RBCK1 deficiency. Importantly, it has been predicted that TK1, AURKB, CDCA2, UBE2C, KIFC1, CEP55, CDCA3, GINS2, MCM6 and CDC45 are significantly associated with RCBK1 deficiency. Our study offers a record of damaged genes and pathways in RCBK1, which will boost the understanding of RBCK1 deficiency pathogenesis and other inherent immunodeficiency diseases. This research has the potential and can possibly use in the clinic for diagnosis and targeted therapy of HOIL-1/RBCK1 disorder and other inherent immunodeficiencies.