bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extension Agents’ Use and Acceptance of Social Media: The Case of the Department of Agricultural Extension in Bangladesh
Authors: Kamruzzaman Md. , Chowdhury Ataharul , van Paassen Annemarie , Ganpat Wayne
Published: March 2019

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been considered as key driving forces for enabling agricultural development ‒ the sector which provides livelihoods for majority of the population in Bangladesh. The Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), the largest public sector agricultural extension service provider in Bangladesh, has recently enacted a new organizational policy for its staffs to use ICTs such as social media to provide better services. However, there is little or merely anecdotal evidence about how extension agents of DAE have been accepting and using social media for their professional work. Drawing on the theoretical underpinnings of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study is a first attempt to investigate social media use and acceptance among extension agents in Bangladesh. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires from 140 extension agents of DAE who work in the eastern region of Bangladesh. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that most extension agents (51.4%) used social media for half an hour to one hour every day. Perceived ease of use (PEoU) and Perceived usefulness (PU) are the most influential elements that determine DAE staff acceptance of social media for performing professional functions. Social media was perceived by extension agents as a means for improving professional performance, such as disseminating agricultural information; garnering support for new agricultural policy; networking with clients and colleagues and enabling coordination of services provided by colleagues. Overall, the findings indicate potential uses of social media in an ICT-based agricultural development strategy in Bangladesh.
Knowledge of Extension Agents regarding Professionalization of Extension Services: Evidence from South West Nigeria
Authors: Olorunfemi Oluwasogo David , Oladele Oladimeji Idowu
Published: March 2019

The study examined the knowledge of agriculture extension agents on professionalization in South West Nigeria. This was borne out of the need to improve and ensure a viable, effective and vibrant extension and advisory service delivery in the area. 301 public and 55 private extension agents were selected through a two-staged sampling procedure. A questionnaire was used to obtain data on their socio-economic characteristics, knowledge on professionalization and its components, these being analyzed using descriptive, t-test and tobit regression analyses. The results showed that the agricultural agents in the public and private extension organizations had a basic knowledge on the concept of professionalization and its components of accreditation, registration and certification. However, disparities in the level of knowledge between the public
and private extension personnel were observed. The findings indicated that their educational level and background were significant influencing factors of knowledge on professionalization. The study has implications for educating and training agricultural extension agents on professionalization. Seminars and workshops should be held specifically for the public extension agencies, to upgrade their knowledge and capacity on the concept, intricacies and potential benefits of professionalization on service delivery. This will help assist the institutionalization of professionalization in the agricultural extension sector and enhance competent, accountable and effective extension and advisory services delivery.
Facing Boldly the Scourge of Praedial Larceny on Food Production in the Caribbean
Authors: Ganpat Wayne G. , Isaac Wendy-Ann P
Published: March 2019

Agricultural crimes or farm theft, commonly referred to as praedial larceny throughout the Caribbean, impacts significantly on food security through high levels of economic loss. This paper provides an overview of praedial larceny worldwide, losses in the Caribbean region and some evidence from Trinidad and Tobago where the situation is prevalent. The study was guided by the routine activities theory; identifying the types of criminal acts perpetrated, the level of risks posed to farmers and a special emphasis on the concept of guardianship. Data from group discussions and interviews conducted among farmers in two major areas in Trinidad representing different terrain (flat and hilly areas) and an acknowledged ‘hot spot’ area. The findings show that praedial larceny is no respecter of farmers, farming communities, type of crops, location or farmers’ economic circumstances. Finally, the paper reports on initiatives around the region and suggests other mechanisms which can be introduced to reduce the impact of praedial larceny on food security.
Considering an Appreciative Approach to International Extension Evaluation
Authors: Lamm Alexa J. , Lamm Kevan. W.
Published: March 2019

Programmatic evaluation has become a common practice in international extension education. Evaluation has primarily been used to report the outputs, outcomes and impacts of extension efforts. Sometimes an evaluation is done for formative reasons, to make programmatic improvements, and most often for summative reasons, as a justification for further funding. Depending upon the evaluator (or evaluative approach) the evaluation will include stakeholder input and focus on collecting data the stakeholder will ultimately use. Some have even gone so far as engaging in developmental evaluation which allows for ambiguity and changes in direction throughout the duration of an extension program. Despite the many ways the discipline evaluates, almost every evaluation takes a problem-solving approach where areas for improvement are identified. The purpose of this manuscript was to reflect upon past evaluation practice within the international extension literature and discuss the role appreciative evaluation can play as evaluation continues to inform international extension efforts.
Effect of salt seed particle surface area, composition and phase on secondary organic aerosol mass yields in oxidation flow reactors
Authors: Ahlberg Erik , Eriksson Axel , Brune William H. , Roldin Pontus , Svenningsson Birgitta
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric particulate water is ubiquitous, affecting particle transport and
uptake of gases. Yet, research on the effect of water on secondary organic
aerosol (SOA) mass yields is not consistent. In this study, the SOA mass
yields of an α-pinene and m-xylene mixture, at a concentration of
60 µg m−3, were examined using an oxidation flow reactor
operated at a relative humidity (RH) of 60 % and a residence time of 160 s. Wet or dried
ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate seed particles were used. By varying
the amount of seed particle surface area, the underestimation of SOA
formation induced by the short residence time in flow reactors was confirmed.
Starting at a SOA mass concentration of ∼5 µg m−3, the
maximum yield increased by a factor of ∼2 with dry seed particles and on
average a factor of 3.2 with wet seed particles. Hence, wet particles increased
the SOA mass yield by ∼60 % compared to the dry experiment. Maximum
yield in the reactor was achieved using a surface area concentration of ∼1600 µm2 cm−3. This corresponded to a condensational
lifetime of 20 s for low-volatility organics. The O:C ratio of SOA on
wet ammonium sulfate was significantly higher than when using ammonium
nitrate or dry ammonium sulfate seed particles, probably due to differences
in heterogeneous chemistry.
Gaussian Process regression model for dynamically calibrating a wireless low-cost particulate matter sensor network in Delhi
Authors: Zheng Tongshu , Bergin Michael H. , Sutaria Ronak , Tripathi Sachchida N. , Caldow Robert , Carlson David E.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Wireless low-cost particulate matter sensor networks (WLPMSNs) are transforming air quality monitoring by providing PM information at finer spatial and temporal resolutions; however, large-scale WLPMSN calibration and maintenance remain a challenge because the manual labor involved in initial calibration by collocation and routine recalibration is intensive, the transferability of the calibration models determined from initial collocation to new deployment sites is questionable as calibration factors typically vary with urban heterogeneity of operating conditions and aerosol optical properties, and the stability of low-cost sensors can develop drift or degrade over time. This study presents a simultaneous Gaussian Process regression (GPR) and simple linear regression pipeline to calibrate and monitor dense WLPMSNs on the fly by leveraging all available reference monitors across an area without resorting to pre-deployment collocation calibration. We evaluated our method for Delhi where the PM2.5 measurements of all 22 regulatory reference and 10 low-cost nodes were available in 59 valid days from 1 January 2018 to 31 March 2018 (PM2.5 averaged 138 ± 31 μg m−3 among 22 reference stations) using a leave-one-out cross-validation (CV) over the 22 reference nodes. We showed that our approach can achieve an overall 30 % prediction error (RMSE: 33 μg m−3) at a 24 h scale and is robust as underscored by the small variability in the GPR model parameters and in the model-produced calibration factors for the low-cost nodes among the 22-fold CV. We revealed that the accuracy of our calibrations depends on the degree of homogeneity of PM concentrations, and decreases with increasing local source contributions. As by-products of dynamic calibration, our algorithm can be adapted for automated large-scale WLPMSN monitoring as simulations proved its capability of differentiating malfunctioning or singular low-cost nodes within a network via model-generated calibration factors with the aberrant nodes having slopes close to 0 and intercepts close to the global mean of true PM2.5 and of tracking the drift of low-cost nodes accurately within 4 % error for all the simulation scenarios. The simulation results showed that ~20 reference stations are optimum for our solution in Delhi and confirmed that low-cost nodes can extend the spatial precision of a network by decreasing the extent of pure interpolation among only reference stations. Our solution has substantial implications in reducing the amount of manual labor for the calibration and surveillance of extensive WLPMSNs, improving the spatial comprehensiveness of PM evaluation, and enhancing the accuracy of WLPMSNs.
Dissolved Organic Matter at the Fluvial-Marine Transition in the Laptev Sea Using in situ Data and Ocean Color Remote Sensing
Authors: Juhls Bennet , Overduin Pier Paul , Hölemann Jens , Hieronymi Martin , Matsuoka Atsushi , Heim Birgit , Fischer Jürgen
Published: March 2019

Abstract. River water is the main source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Arctic Ocean. DOC plays an important role in the Arctic carbon cycle and its export from land to sea is expected to increase as ongoing climate change accelerates permafrost thaw. However, transport pathways and transformation of DOC in the land-to-ocean transition are mostly unknown. We collected DOC and aCDOM(λ) samples from 11 expeditions to river, coastal and offshore waters and present a new DOC-aCDOM(λ) model for the fluvial-marine transition zone in the Laptev Sea The aCDOM(λ) characteristics revealed that the DOM in samples of this dataset are primarily of terrigenous origin. Observed changes in aCDOM and its spectral slopes indicate that DOM is modified by microbial- and photo-degradation. Ocean Color Remote Sensing (OCRS) provides the absorption coefficient of colored dissolved organic matter (aCDOM(λ)sat) at λ = 440 or 443 nm, which can be used to estimate DOC concentration at high temporal and spatial resolution over large regions. We tested the statistical performance of five OCRS algorithms and evaluated the plausibility of the spatial distribution of derived aCDOM(λ)sat. The ONNS algorithm showed the best performance compared to in situ aCDOM(440) (r2 = 0.72). Additionally, we found ONNS-derived aCDOM(440), in contrast to other algorithms, to be partly independent of sediment concentration, making ONNS the most suitable aCDOM(λ)sat algorithm for the Laptev Sea region. The DOC-aCDOM(λ) model was applied to ONNS-derived aCDOM(440) and retrieved DOC concentration maps showed moderate agreement to in situ data (r2 = 0.53). The in situ and satellite-retrieved data were offset by up to several days, which may partly explain the weak correlation for this dynamic region. Satellite-derived surface water DOC concentration maps from MERIS satellite data demonstrate rapid removal of DOC within short time periods in coastal waters of the Laptev Sea, which is likely caused by physical mixing and different types of degradation processes. Using samples from all occurring water types leads to a more robust DOC-aCDOM(λ) model for the retrievals of DOC in Arctic shelf and river waters.
PIXEL-BASED AND OBJECT-BASED TERRACE EXTRACTION USING
FEED-FORWARD DEEP NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Do H. T. , Raghavan V. , Yonezawa G.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we present the identification of terrace field by using Feed-forward back propagation deep neural network in pixel-based and several cases of object-based approaches. Terrace field of Lao Cai area in Vietnam is identified from 5-meter RapidEye image. The image includes 5 bands: red, green, blue, rededge and nir-infrared. Reference data are set of terrace points and nonterrace points, which are generated by randomly selected from reference map. The reference data is separated into three sets: training set for training processing, validation set for generating optimal parameters of deep neural network model, and test set for assessing the accuracy of classification. Six optimal thresholds (T): 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.14, 0.2 and 0.22 are chosen from Rate of Change graph, and then used to generate six cases of object-based classification. Deep neural network (DNN) model is built with 8 hidden layers, input units are 5 bands of RapidEye, and output is terrace and non-terrace classes. Each hidden layer includes 256 units – a large number, to avoid under-fitting. Activation function is Rectifier. Dropout and two regularization parameters are applied to avoid overfitting. Seven terrace maps are generated. The classification results show that the DNN is able to identify terrace field effectively in both pixel-based and object-based approaches. Pixel-based classification is the most accurate approach, achieves 90% accuracy. The values of object-based approaches are 88.5%, 87.3%, 86.7%, 86.6%, 85% and 85.3% correspond to the segmentation thresholds.
ANALYZING THE IMPACTS OF LAND COVER CHANGE TO THE HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOURS OF THE PHILIPPINES' THIRD LARGEST RIVER BASIN
Authors: Santillan J. R. , Amora A. M. , Makinano-Santillan M. , Gingo A. L. , Marqueso J. T.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Changes in land cover can have negative impacts on the hydrological and hydraulic processes in river basins and watersheds such as increase in surface runoff and peak flows, and greater incidence, risk and vulnerability of flooding. In this study, the impacts of land-cover changes to the hydrologic and hydraulic behaviours of the Agusan River Basin (ARB), the third largest river basin in the Philippines, was analysed using an integrated approach involving Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), and hydrologic and hydraulic models. Different land-cover classes in the ARB for the years 1995 and 2017 were mapped using Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI images. Using a post-classification change detection approach, changes in land-cover were then determined. The impacts of these changes in land-cover to the to the basin discharge were then estimated using a calibrated hydrologic model based on the Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) under different extreme rainfall conditions. The impact of the changes in land-cover to flood depth and extent was also determined using a hydraulic model based on the HEC-RAS (River Analysis System). Land cover classification results revealed that the ARB is 67.7% forest in 1995 but have decreased to 62.8% in 2017. Agricultural areas in the basin were also found to have increased from 12.2% to 15.5% in the same period. Other notable land cover changes detected include the increase in built-up lands and range lands, and decrease in barren lands. HEC HMS and HEC RAS model simulation results showed that there was an increase in discharge, flood depth, and flood extents between 1995 and 2017, implying that that the detected changes in land cover have negative impacts to hydrologic and hydraulic behaviours of the ARB.
MAPPING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF COLOMBIA’S FOREST ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS USING SAR AND OPTICAL DATA
Authors: Rodríguez-Veiga P. , Barbosa-Herrera A. P. , Barreto-Silva J. S. , Bispo P. C. , Cabrera E. , Capachero C. , Galindo G. , Gou Y. , Moreno L. M. , Louis V. , Lozano P. , Pacheco-Pascagaza A. M. , Pachon-Cendales I. P. , Phillips-Bernal J. F. , Roberts J. , Salinas N. R. , Vergara L. , Zuluaga A. C. , Balzter H.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. An assessment on the amount and spatial distribution of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) for the forests in Colombia was generated using in-situ national forest inventory data (IDEAM, 2018), in combination with multispectral optical data and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imagery. ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 gamma-0 backscatter annual mosaics (2015–2017) provided by JAXA were normalised and corrected using previous ALOS PALSAR annual mosaics (2007–2010) as reference. A multi-temporal Landsat 7 & 8 composite over the whole of Colombia was used for the year 2016 ± 1. The national forest inventory in-situ plots used to train our model consisted of 5-subplots each and were collected during the period 2015–2017 in the main biomes of the country. A sample of permanent 1ha plots (PPMs) were also measured. Nationally developed allometries (Alvarez et al., 2012) were used to estimate AGB. A non-parametric random forests (RF) algorithm was used within a k-fold framework to retrieve AGB at 30 m spatial resolution for the whole of Colombia. The algorithm was trained using forest inventory plots and validated at plot (0.35 ha) and PPM level (1 ha). The accuracy assessment found coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.68 and 0.61, and relative root mean square errors (Rel. RMSE) of 49% and 34% at plot and at PPM level, respectively. The results showed that the average AGB for the country was 118.1 t ha−1 (45.6 t ha−1 for Caribe, 75.4 t ha−1 Andes, 122.5 t ha−1 Pacifico, 32.7 t ha−1 Orinoquia, and 200.5 t ha−1 for the Amazonia, regionally), and that the total carbon stocks for the country were 6.7 Pg C for the period 2015–2017.
Specialization of Emerging Countries and Economic Stability
Authors: Abbes Ons , Ati Abdessatar , Boudier Fabienne
Published: March 2019

The Emerging countries are characterized by high vulnerability. Their development process is therefore likely to be severely hampered by shocks, contributing to high volatility in their economic growth. To understand the high vulnerability of emerging countries, we explore the impact of structure and degree of specialization on economic instability. We find that countries whose specialization is based on natural resources are more unstable. On the other hand, increased research and development spending and a high number of patent applications reduce this instability. We also note that the impact of specialization in high technology depends on the level of development of the country; it is positive in emerging countries and negative in developed countries. This difference in the sign of the impact can be explained by a difference in the origin of the technology incorporated into the exports in these two categories of countries.We can conclude, then that the vulnerability of emerging countries and partly due to their specialization policies which are oriented mainly to products that come from natural resources and gathering of high-tech items.
Assessment of the Satisfaction of Customers Using Mobifone Mobile Service in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Viet Phan Quan
Published: March 2019

In recent years, the telecommunications service market has developed rapidly and strongly, contributed to help the telecommunications market become more competitive, supplied a variety of services with reasonable prices, and brought benefits for users. Up to now, the market share of the mobile market in Ho Chi Minh City in general and Ho Chi Minh City in particular is being divided to 4 service suppliers: Mobifone, VinaPhone, Viettel, Vietnamobile. From January 08, 2018, the network operators started a new war to gain market share since the regulation on the conversion of the terrestrial mobile telecommunications network with unchanged number of the Ministry of Information and Communication comes into effect. Network operators must compete for service quality, if customers are not satisfied, they will switch to another network operator and remain their numbers. This is good for customers but poses a big challenge for network operators like Mobifone.A research of assessment of the satisfaction of customers using Mobifone mobile service in Ho Chi Minh City aims to measure the influence of some factors to the satisfaction of customers who are living and working in Ho Chi Minh City. Since then, solutions are given to help Mobifone change its direction to attract subscribers by increasing service quality, thereby improving customers’ satisfaction.
Keys and Tensions in Argentina's Foreign Trade Policy Strategy in the Search for an "Smart Insertion into the World" (2015-2018)
Authors: Zelicovich Julieta
Published: March 2019

After 12 years of Kirchnerist administrations, the government of Mauricio Macri have imparted substantial changes in the Argentinean foreign and economic policy. These changes have been reflected in a redesign of the foreign trade policy. We wonder what have been the characteristics of this policy during “Cambiemos” administration. In light balance of payments data, why have the results regarding the country's external trade insertion been limited? For this purpose, the paper analyzes the principles, objectives and actions implemented, as well as the articulation of internal and external constraints (or variables) in this government, between December 2015 and October 2018. It is argued that the foreign trade policy has faced a context that was not very permissive, and fell prey to foreign policy’s "bad diagnosis" of the international context; and that this, articulated with the political and economic contradictions that occurred at the domestic level, acted to the detriment of the objectives set for a “smart international insertion”.
Efectividad de la vacuna contra rotavirus frente a gastroenteritis grave por rotavirus: Estudio de casos-controles
Authors: Escobar Alberto Sully María
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: Desde el año 2006 las vacunas contra rotavirus tienen licencia y son utilizadas a nivel mundial, Rotarix® y Rotateq®. Ambas vacunas han demostrado una efectividad de 72-100% en la prevención de la enfermedad rotavírica severa en un período de seguimiento de 3 años. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la vacuna oral monovalente contra rotavirus en la reducción de la severidad de la diarrea aguda en niños menores de dos años atendidos en la emergencia pediátrica del Hospital Nacional Mario Catarino Rivas (HNMCR) del 1 de enero 2014 al 20 de mayo 2016. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles en menores de 2 años ingresados en la sala de emergencia de pediatría del HNMCR en vigilancia por gastroenteritis por rotavirus. Tamaño de la muestra fue 83 casos y 83 controles. Las características sociodemográficas se analizaron por frecuencia y porcentaje y la efectividad de la vacuna a través del odd ratio. Resultados: la prevalencia de diarrea por rotavirus en los lactantes vacunados fue de 45%, en los no vacunados de 76% con un Xi2 de 7.95 (p= 0.005). La efectividad de la vacuna para los casos de diarrea severa vacunados con 1 dosis fue 86% (OR=0.14 [51.5-95.9]). Para 2 dosis fue de 98.99% (OR=0.011 [42-99.98]). Conclusiones: Los niños no vacunados contra el rotavirus presentaron casos más severos de diarrea, en contraste con los niños vacunados con 2 dosis, donde la vacuna fue efectiva (EV=98%), presentando en su mayoría casos de diarrea moderados.
Ovillo de Ascaris lumbricoides visible en Rayos-X
Authors: Rosa Espinoza Juan Rubén , Lemus Carol Alvarado
Published: March 2019

El divertículo de Meckel es el defecto congénito más frecuente del tracto gastrointestinal. Se trata de un remanente del conducto onfalomesentérico, una estructura que conecta el saco vitelino primitivo al intestino medio durante el desarrollo del feto. El conducto onfalomesentérico se oblitera entre la quinta y séptima semanas de gestación. Generalmente se encuentra localizado en el último metro de intestino delgado en el borde antimesentérico. Puede ser asintomático o manifestarse como un cuadro de abdomen agudo. Las complicaciones en un escaso número de pacientes pueden ser: infección, sangrado digestivo, obstrucción y raramente transformación maligna. A continuación, se presentan 4 casos de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico postoperatorio de divertículo de Meckel del Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social de San Pedro Sula, durante el período 2012-2014. El presente artículo se realizó con la finalidad de brindar una lección clínica a los colegas y permitir ampliar sus conocimientos sobre esta entidad. Palabras clave Divertículo Ileal
Fundamentos sobre Alimentación del lactante sano
Authors: Arriola López Agueda , Lazo Calderón Belky Xiomara , Chinchilla Jackeline
Published: March 2019

La lactancia materna exclusiva durante los primeros seis meses de vida aporta muchos beneficios tanto al niño como a la madre. El inicio temprano de la lactancia materna protege al recién nacido de las infecciones y reduce la mortalidad neonatal. Alrededor de los seis meses, las necesidades de energía y nutrientes del lactante empiezan a ser superiores a lo que puede aportar la leche materna, por lo que se hace necesaria la introducción de alimentos complementarios. Si no se introducen alimentos complementarios alrededor de los seis meses o si son administrados de forma inadecuada, el crecimiento del niño puede verse afectado. Por lo que el objetivo de este artículo es revisar los fundamentos sobre la alimentación del lactante.Palabras clave Lactante, lactancia materna, ablactación, alimentación complementaria
Transición de la Pediatría a la medicina del adulto
Authors: Galeas Oliva Mélida De Jesús
Published: March 2019

La pediatría es una especialidad multifacética, que abarca la salud física, mental, psicosocial y el desarrollo del niño que comienza desde la pre concepción y continúa a través de la gestación, infancia, la niñez, la adolescencia y la edad adulta joven. Aunque la adolescencia y la juventud son fases bien reconocidas de la vida, el límite de edad superior en la atención pediátrica no está demarcado claramente y va a variar dependiendo de las características particulares de cada paciente, individualizándolo en el establecimiento de límites de edad en cuanto a la atención en salud.
Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de los adolescentes ingresados en Hospital Nacional Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas
Authors: Rubi Rodas Perla Esmeralda , Erazo Karen
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: Se considera período de adolescencia el comprendido entre 10 y 19 años. Esta población demanda oportunidades educativas, recreativas, laborales y requieren respuestas en relación al acceso y uso de recursos para la salud. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a los adolescentes ingresados en el Hospital Nacional Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas (HNMCR). Pacientes y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo transversal, descriptivo. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. Se aplicó una encuesta de 19 preguntas a 100 adolescentes entre 12-17 años 11 meses, ingresados en el HNMCR de julio 2015 a septiembre 2016. Resultados: Estaban en adolescencia media 64%, proceden del departamento de Cortés 70%, vivían con ambos padres 47% y con un solo padre 37%. Se encontró que 65% de los adolescentes perciben vivir en condiciones de pobreza, 63% de ellos estudia, 20% trabaja y 17% pasan desocupados. 70% han recibido educación sexual, 5% son padres y 10% han presentado infecciones de transmisión sexual. Han iniciado vida sexual activa 41%. Las patologías por las que ingresaron fue: traumática por accidentes 29%, patología quirúrgica 21% y la traumática violentas 13%. 43% habían tenido ideas suicidas. Conclusión: La situación de los adolescentes hospitalizados en el HNMCR reeja la generalidad de este grupo de edad en Honduras, la pobreza juega un papel importante en su entorno. Menos de la mitad, viven en hogares integrados y únicamente dos tercios de los adolescentes, se encuentran estudiando. Palabras clave Adolescente, Epidemiologia, Pubertad
Displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica: Reporte de casos
Authors: Dolmo Velásquez Eda Mariola , Caballero Castro Hector Rubén , Alonso Pineda Misael
Published: March 2019

La Displasia Ectodérmica Hipohidrótica (DEH) es una genodermatosis que se caracteriza por presentar alteraciones en las estructuras derivadas del ectodermo, frecuentemente se da la triada: hipohidrosis, hipotricosis e hipodoncia. El síndrome puede manifestarse como herencia autosómica dominante o recesiva y también como herencia ligada al sexo, la forma más frecuente es la de herencia recesiva relacionada al cromosoma X con sujetos de sexo masculino afectados y de sexo femenino portadores. Puede ocurrir a través de mutaciones autosómicas, de las cuales las del gen EDA1 son responsables del 58% de los casos. La DEH presenta tasa de mortalidad infantil entre 2% y 20%, dependiendo de la precocidad del diagnóstico y de los protocolos de tratamiento. Este artículo presenta un paciente de 23 meses de edad quien había sido hospitalizado por otrapatología y se refirió al Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social (IHSS), por observar cabello hipopigmentado, escaso, fino, ausencia de pestañas y cejas, dientes cónicos e hipohidrosis: por lo que se diagnostica displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica, quedando pendiente la realización de biopsia de piel y exámenes genéticos debido a que no se cuenta con el equipo médico necesario. Por tal motivo, no se conoció el patrón de segregación. Palabras clave Displasia Ectodérmica Hipohidrótica Autosómica Recesiva, Anodoncia, Hipotricosis
Pénfigo Vulgar y Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico. Reporte de caso
Authors: Figueroa Núñez Astrid Dannelly , Caballero Castro Héctor Rubén , Garcia Jose Luis
Published: March 2019

El Lupus Eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmunitaria, multisistémica y episódica, caracterizada por la inflamación vascular generalizada y del tejido conectivo, además por la presencia de anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA) y anticuerpos anti-DNA de doble cadena. El término pénfigo; enfermedad ampollar poco frecuente, de etiología autoinmune, que afecta la piel y mucosas. Define un grupo de enfermedades autoinmunes de la piel caracterizadas por la presencia de inmunoglobulina G (IgG) dirigida a la superficie de los queratinocitos y ampollas debidas a acantólisis (separación intercelular). Paciente femenina de 16 años de edad, con historia de presentar edema en rodilla derecha, manos y pies acompañada de artralgias de un año de evolución. Además, dificultad para la deambulación de 3 días de evolución. Presentó lesiones ampollosas en mucosa oral y labio superior confluyentes y se extienden a piel circundante. Las articulaciones metacarpofalángicas de manos estaban edematizadas, dolorosas, con leve deformidad y limitación funcional. Lasampollas inicialmente localizadas en cara y extremidades inferiores se fueron extendiendo a miembros inferiores, acompañado de eritema palmar bilateral. Se le diagnosticó Pénfigo Vulgar y Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico. Este último, por presentar criterios laboratoriales compatibles con LES: leucopenia, ANA positivo, nefropatía y artritis. Se inició tratamiento con prednisona 50 mg vía oral cada día (1 mg/kg/día). Palabras clave Enfermedades Autoinmunes, Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico, Péngo
Parte 2: Manejo de la Alergia a la Proteína de Leche de Vaca
Authors: González Hernández Norma , Rodríguez González Susan , Prado Lopez Lidia Maria , Lopez Robles Gabriela Alejandra
Published: March 2019

La lactancia materna es un excelente factor protector y una forma inigualable de facilitar el alimento ideal para el crecimiento y desarrollo saludable. Es imprescindible su recomendación exclusiva durante los primeros 6 meses de vida y de ser posible continuar con la lactancia materna durante la alimentación complementaria hasta los 2 años de edad; solo se debe recurrir a fórmulas especiales cuando la madre no pueda amamantar. Para estos casos se dispone de varias fórmulas hidrolizadas, soja y elementales. Las fórmulas hidrolizadas pueden ser extensa o parcialmente hidrolizadas, y ser séricas o de caseína. Las fórmulas extensamente hidrolizadas, han sido sometidas a ensayos clínicos donde se comprueba su hipoalergenicidad al eliminar los síntomas de la Alergia a la Proteína de la Leche de Vaca (APLV) luego de su inicio. Estudios recientes demuestran que la adición de Lactobacillusr hamnosus (LGG) a una fórmula de caseína extensamente hidrolizada acelera la adquisición de tolerancia en estos niños en comparación con los pacientes que recibieron fórmula sin adición. La fórmula de soja, aunque no es hipoalergénica, se puede emplear para tratar la APLV, pero no antes de los 6 meses. No se pueden emplear como tratamiento de APLV fórmulas parcialmente hidrolizadas, ni leche de otros rumiantes, como oveja o cabra. En pacientes con altos niveles de sensibilización o con antecedente de reacción anafiláctica, se recomienda la administración de fórmula elemental. El objetivo de la presente revisión es dar a conocer el manejo y uso racional de las fórmulas hidrolizadas y elementales en niños con APLV y así evitar el uso indiscriminado de estas en niños con trastornos funcionales.Palabras clave Fórmulas infantiles, hidrolizados de proteína, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, leche de soja, aminoácidos
LA TRANSICIÓN DEMOGRÁFICA Y EPIDEMIOLÓGICA Y SU REPERCUSIÓN EN LA DIABETES MELLITUS, CUBA. 1970-2015
Authors: Álvarez Vázquez Luisa , Dominguez Yuri Arnold , Rodríguez Cabrera Aida
Published: March 2019

La transición demográfica (TD) cubana se refleja en muy marcado envejecimiento poblacional, mientras que la transición epidemiológica (TE) ha llevado a un aumento acelerado de las enfermedades no transmisibles, entre ellas la diabetes mellitus (DM). Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre la transición demográfica y epidemiológica, y su efecto en la DM. Metodología: Se utilizaron registros y estimacio- nes de la Oficina Nacional de Estadística, los datos de población e indicadores del registro nacional de dispensarización de la DM en el país, desde el año 1970 al 2015. Resultados: En Cuba la natalidad ha descendido de 18.0 por cada mil habitantes en 1985 a 10.9 en el 2015 y la tasa de mortalidad ascendió de 6.4 a 8.9 por cada mil habitantes, mostrando una TD acelerada con disminución del crecimiento natural de 81.0%, cambios de fecundidad y de esperanza de vida, están entre los más rápidos de América Latina. Como efecto de la TE la DM se encuentra entre las 10 primeras causas de muerte en el 2015, lo que ha conducido a programas y campañas de salud. Según datos de dispensarización la DM tipo 1 y tipo 2 han tenido cambios relacionados con la estructura poblacional. Conclusiones: 1-El envejecimiento poblacional unido al predominio de las enfermedades no transmisibles muestra el efecto conjunto de ambos procesos transicionales. 2.-La diabetes Mellitus se incrementa dado el monto elevado de la personas de mayor edad y muestra el efecto de ambas transiciones en la necesidad de servicios de salud.

Palabras clave

Transición Demografica, Epidemiologia, Diabetes Mellitus
CATEGORIZACION DE RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR EN EMPLEADOS DE UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA DE HONDURAS, VALLE DE SULA
Authors: Zúniga Rosa Elena , Arita Chávez José Raúl , Elvir Patricia Monserrath , Ochoa Lesly Altenida , Arita Ledezna Lizeth , Rostran Virginia Odili , Girón Ana Lourdes , Quiroz Obed Jeovany
Published: March 2019

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) engloban afectaciones tanto del corazón como del cerebro, siendo el problema subyacente la ateroesclerosis como responsable de las enfermedad coronaria y eventos cerebrovasculares, las ECV constituyen la principal causa de morbi-mortalidad a nivel mundial, en su origen se involucran diversos factores, que van desde el estilo de vida y otros que pueden ser modificables como también aquellos que no pueden modificarse como la edad, herencia, entre otros. Objetivo: Identificar riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) mediante Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC)/ índice cintura-cadera y tablas de Framinghan en empleados de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras-Valle de Sula, (UNAH-VS) de febrero a octubre, 2016. Pacientes y Métodos: Se realizó investigación cuantitativa, alcance descriptivo y diseño no experimental. La población 210 emplea- dos permanentes, muestra 137 empleados. Muestreo probabilístico estratificado según actividad desempeñada en la Institución. La evaluación fue mediante Instrumento creado por OMS: STEP 3; se midió riesgo cardiovascular por Tabla IMC/índice cintura-cadera y Tablas de Framingham. Los datos se analiza- ron mediante paquete estadístico SPSS versión 22. Resultados: La categorización de RCV según IMC/índice cintura-cadera fue: muy leve 11 (8.05%), leve 27 (19.71%), moderado 49 (35.76%), alto 26 (18.97%) y muy alto 24 (17.51%). Según Tablas de Framingham: el riesgo de presentar un evento cardiovascular en los próximos 10 años fue: 131 (95.62%) bajo, 5 (3.65%) moderado, y 1 (0.73%) alto. Conclusión: El riesgo cardiovascular en empleados de UNAH-VS es alto según la categorización IMC/ índice cintura-cadera, la cual estimula a tomar medidas preventivas más temprana- mente, en cambio, según Framinghan el riesgo cardiovascular fue menor, esto debido a que incorpora condiciones como diabetes, hipertensión, fumar, niveles de colesterol en sangre.

Palabras clave

Enfermedades cardiovasculares, Factores de riesgo, Prevalencia
TIEMPO Y NATURALEZA DE USO DEL MÓVIL EN ESTUDIANTES DE LA CARRERA DE MEDICINA
Authors: Andrade Mancías Lourdes Azucena , Ortega José , Santos Jose M. , Rivas Luis F. , Banegas Nestor R. , Gámez Sofía M.
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: Diversas investigaciones se realizan sobre el tiempo y naturaleza de uso del móvil en estudiantes universitarios pero escasas en el área de la medicina en el siglo de la tecnología. Objetivo: Establecer el tiempo y naturaleza de uso del teléfono móvil en estudiantes de cuarto año de medicina de cuarto año A en la Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras en el Valle de Sula (EUCS/UNAH-VS) en el primer semestre académico del 2017. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo. Población fue de 78, muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 38 estudiantes, instrumento de recolección de datos se realizó a través del programa App Usage® que generó los resultados, se evaluaron los datos de frecuencias, porcentajes y medidas de tendencia central en Excel®. Resultados: Los datos reflejaron que el tiempo promedio de uso del móvil por los estudiantes fue de 5 horas 9 minutos (21.5%) del día. El uso se centró en aplicaciones móviles reactivas (distractor) con 4 horas 47 minutos (93%) y en aplicaciones móviles proactivas solo 22 minutos (7%). Conclusiones: Los datos de esta investigación indican que el patrón de uso del teléfono móvil es del 21.5% al día y la naturaleza del uso de los teléfonos celulares por parte del estudiante de Medicina de cuarto año A de la UNAH-VS es de carácter reactivo o sea como distractor

Palabras clave

Aplicaciones Móviles, Estudiantes de medicina, Teléfonos celulares
Analyzing Predictive Role of Pre-Service Teachers’ Occupational Anxiety Level on Positive Emotions
Authors: İhtiyaroğlu Neslin
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study is to examine the predictive role of pre-service teachers’ professional anxiety on positiveemotions. The relational screening model was adopted in the study. 484 pre-service teachers were selected from theFaculty of Education in Kırıkkale University with stratified sampling method for sample. Occupational AnxietyScale and Dispositional Positive Emotion Scales were applied to sample group. Correlation and multiple regressionanalysis were used to analyze the data. Correlation analysis revealed that the relations between contentment andoccupational exam centered anxiety and socio-economic centered anxiety have the highest scores, whereas therelations between compassion and socio-economic centered anxiety and school management centered anxiety havethe lowest scores. Results of multiple regression analysis indicated that occupational exam centered anxiety andsocio-economic centered anxiety are significant predictors of positive emotions but job oriented anxiety, interactionwith students centered anxiety, colleagues and students’ parents centered anxiety, self-development centered anxiety,adaptation self-development centered anxiety and school management centered anxiety isn’t a predictor for positiveemotions. Suggestions for decreasing the pre-service teachers’ occupational anxiety level were presented at the endof the study.
A Case Study on Preservice Primary School Teachers’ Flower Care at School within the Scope of Community Service Practices Course
Authors: Doğan Zeynep
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to present the details of a practice that is carried out within the scope of Community ServicePractices Course from a scientific perspective. And also to investigate the views of the pre-service teachers related tothe topic. Research design is determined as a case study method. For the data collection, interview method was usedfrom qualitative data collection methods. The sample is composed of 8 pre-service primary school teachers. Within therelevant course, a potted flower to be determined by the pre-service teachers was planted in a pot in a suitable place inthe faculty, and the students were given the task of undertaking all kinds of care for the flower during the semester.Semi-structured interviews with the pre-service teachers were held at the end of the term and their opinions were taken.According to the results, all of the pre-service teachers find the implementation useful and important for their teachingcareer. They stated that they got information about flower care, they gained awareness and they were impressedaffectively.
The Effect of Using Storytelling Strategy on Students’ Performance in Fractions
Authors: Lemonidis Charalambos , Kaiafa Ioanna
Published: March 2019

Research findings in the field of Mathematics Education emphasize that storytelling is an effective instructional tool in the teaching of mathematics, as it provides a meaningful context that attracts students’ interest and makes learning a pleasant process. The use of stories and fairy tales in the teaching of mathematics motivates students to learn and provides students with an authentic context to understand mathematical concepts and procedures. It is a clear way to incorporate mathematics into other, broader cognitive domains and promotes mathematical discussion in the classroom. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role that the use of storytelling can play in teaching fractions to third grade students. The study sample consisted of 76 third graders, who attended two primary schools in the city of Florina (Greece). This sample was divided into experimental (n=38) and control (n=38) group. In this study target-focused teaching stories were used. These stories were written in accordance with the objectives of a new Curriculum for rational numbers teaching. The study results showed that the use of storytelling had a positive effect on students’ achievement in fractions, as the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group. The students who benefited most from the use of storytelling were those with medium, especially, with low performance. Finally, the use of storytelling had a positive effect on specific mathematical skills, such as comparing fractions, finding equivalent fractions, creating and manipulating representations and problem solving.
Competencias para mejorar la argumentación y la toma de decisiones sobre conservación de la biodiversidad
Authors: Martínez Bernat Francesc Xavier , García Ferrandis Ignacio , García Gómez Javier
Published: March 2019

La biodiversidad es un concepto complejo, convertido en un importante referente curricular. Esta investigación explora si un ejercicio avanzado de las competencias necesarias para hacer significativo el concepto de biodiversidad en diferentes contextos conlleva una mejora significativa de la calidad de los argumentos implicados en la toma de decisiones sobre conservación de la biodiversidad. Para ello se ha aplicado una metodología cualitativa al análisis de doce argumentos formulados por estudiantes de 1.º de Bachillerato, caracterizados por su elevada complejidad estructural, de los cuales se muestra uno a modo de ejemplo. Los resultados revelan que, a pesar del nivel de cohesión estructural y de coherencia global que muestran los argumentos analizados, no se puede hablar de una tendencia general hacia la consecución de niveles elevados de abstracción.
Noninfectious Causes of Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrations in Chronic Renal Failure: Metastatic Pulmonary Calsification
Authors: Kaya Saltuk , Deger Seyda , Hacievliyagil Suleyman , Aytemur Zeynep
Published: March 2019

Metastatic pulmonary calsification (MPC) is a metabolic lung disease characterized by the deposition of calcium in pulmonary parenchyma. It may occur due to many bening or malign pathologies. Especially it is most commonly seen in patients with end stage chronic renal failure received renal replacement treatment. The case we report here involved a history of renal transplantation about 22 months ago. His thorax computed tomography had demonstrated bilateral disseminated infiltrations with ground- glass densities predominantly in the upper lobes and it was seen partially preserved subpleural areas and basal zones. The histopathological results in transbronchial lung biopsy indicated metastatic pulmonary calsification. We wanted to discuss patient with the accompaniment of literature.
Adult Onset Still Disease Associated with Endogenous Lipoid Pneumonia
Authors: Sami Ramin , Zohal Mohammadali , Mohammadi Forozan
Published: March 2019

Cholesterol pneumonia or endogenous lipid pneumonia (ELP) is a rare disease that can occur in the context of a systemic disease or following a bronchial obstruction. It is characterized by a wide range of diverse symptoms and various disease course. The present report introduces a young woman diagnosed with adult onset still disease three years ago, who has been referred with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). She underwent biopsy due to dyspnea and a crazy paving pattern in HRCT of the lungs, leading to the diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia based on the interstitial lymphocytic inflammation and cholesterol granulomas. So far, there has been no report indicating MAS associated with cholesterol pneumonia. This is the second Case Reporting ELP in the adult onset still disease.