bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Company Human Capital Network Based on the Cellular Automation
Authors: Zhuo Zirong , Cheng Zhiwei , Lai Yangzhou , Chen Ziyue
Published: April 2016

In the age of knowledge economy, human resource is among the most important resources for enterprises, in that it forms the unique value of human resources which plays an indispensable role in the production and operating activities. Well managed human resources can effectively promote efficiency and thus create more social values. Therefore, it has aroused wide attention in academia. The thesis first establish the human capital value model and the human cost value model, based on which the thesis established the basic framework of enterprise human capital network. Then, simulation calculation from three aspects of human resource network were carried out with the cellular automation model. Firstly, we simulated the dynamic process of the change of personnel and got the evaluation model of the human cost in the future two years of a company, which can provide reference for company cost control. Secondly, the simulation mainly focused on checking whether under high staff churn rate, a company can still maintain certain number of employees. Thirdly, we simulated the healthy status of the human resource network under certain situations. Finally, We concluded that higher staff churn rate can lead to higher vacancy rate, which will lower the efficiency of companies .The thesis also explored with the model sensitivity analysis the benefit effect over human resource network by increasing recruits, indicating that increasing recruits can decrease the vacancy rate and improve the health status of the human capital network and based on the reality, we put forward the improvement direction of the model in indicator system aspect.
Strategy under Uncertainty: Empirical Evidence from Swedish Companies Operating in Russia
Authors: Golubeva Olga
Published: April 2016

The objective of this paper is to describe and explain company strategies under uncertainty. The study attempts to examine closer interaction between research on strategic management and internationalization theory. Recent escalation of conflict between Russia and the EU/USA in combination with economic recession increased the level of uncertainty. The article explores how this deterioration is reflected in a strategy of Swedish companies operating in Russia. This study builds on the empirical data from a survey conducted in 2015 among 73 Swedish firms. The findings of the study contribute to knowledge regarding diversity in commitments shown by different companies at one particular point of time under the same circumstances. The study reveals a domination of expansion strategy chosen by Swedish firms during the current escalation of uncertainty in Russia. A growing strategy under uncertainty has seldom been reported and analyzed by scholars. The study demonstrated that uncertainty is not only a threat to companies operating on the market, but can lead to expanding strategies attempting to exploit the opportunities that uncertainty might offer. Appraising the risk concept, the study provides implications for companies’ managers on the importance of a commitment decision to face the deterioration caused by the uncertainty. Empirical data from this study also suggest that uncertainty is handled by companies better than one might expect. The article questions whether companies and managers are really risk-averse in their behaviour.
The Post-Rationalist Projective Reactive, PRPR: Validation of the First Post-Rationalist Projective Test
Authors: Arimatea Emidio , Vernice Mirta , Giordani Matteo , Moltedo-Perfetti Andres , Nardi Bernardo
Published: April 2016

Starting from the epistemology of complexity and subjectivity, a new instrument has been devised to investigate the subjective ways in which experiences are self referred at the level of immediate experience. The construction and validation process of the Post-Rationalist Projective Reactive (PRPR) are described, the first cognitive post-rationalist projective tool. It investigates Personal Meaning Organizations (PMOs) according to the adaptive and evolutionary post-rationalist approach.

Using 20 stimulus tables, it allows respondents to go deeper into the specific narrative plots of their personality and to understand their inner film, to focus on their subjective feelings. PRPR was administered to a cohort of 294 subjects. A Reliability Analysis and a Cluster Analysis were carried out.

Cluster analysis identified four clusters that overlapped with the theoretical PMOs description. PRPR pictures showed good internal consistency as Reliability Analysis. Significant convergent validity correlations were found with the results of the Mini Questionnaire of Personal Organization (MQPO; r = .71, p < .001) and of clinical interviews (r = .76, p < .001).

The PRPR proved to be both a valuable support for the PMO construct and an effective assessment tool capable of delving into the processes of subjective meaning construction to understand the cognitive organizational closure, reducing the distance between immediate experience and its explanations.
Analysis on Psychological Impacts due to Violation of the Rights of Women Workers
Authors: Rahayuningsih Idha
Published: April 2016

This research aims to know the violations of the labour rights of women and analyze the psychological impact as a result of such breach. The results show there are some companies which do not meet the labor rights of women: 1) allow maternity and miscarriage leave to woman that is a labor contract but not giving salary; 2) grant leave of menstruation to woman that is a labor contract but not giving the salary and undermine the leave permit to woman that is a permanent labor; 3) do not give the time of breastfeeding at work; 4) does not provide a shuttle vehicle to woman labor at night; 5) no separated toilets for men and women. The Psychological impacts experienced by female labor are: 1) psychological problems experienced by female labor who suffer dilematic choices between the need of childbirth or miscarriage with economic needs; 2) female labor feel lost to get the chance of breastfeeding baby, feel guilt when daytime because no time for breasfeeding; 3) female contact who experience syndrome of premenstruation, they work even if uncomfortable, weak, and sick because if they are off then get no salary; 4) female labor feel afraid, threatened physically, of being the victims of sexual harassment on the way to or back from the company at night; 5) female labor feel uncomfortable, worried to men due to the adjacent toilet location.
The Atlantic diet – Origin and features
Authors: Vaz Velho Manuela , Pinheiro Rita , Sofia Rodrigues Ana
Published: April 2016

Despite globalization there still are food patterns which are clearly differentiated from one region to another in Europe and elsewhere. In this study the Atlantic Diet is considered as the traditional diet in Portugal and Galicia, a region in northwest Spain. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the Atlantic Diet food pattern in order to fully exploit the potential of this Atlantic gastronomical heritage. The background of the Atlantic Diet concept, the characterization of Atlantic Diet foods and a compilation of scientific findings related to the consumption of these foods are covered. A brief description of the Mediterranean Diet, the primitive pattern and the updated Mediterranean pyramid are also included in order to aid understanding of the globalization of this previously local health food pattern.
Final remarks and suggestions for further studies are made. 
Effects of knife edge angle and speed on peak force and specific energy when cutting vegetables of diverse texture
Authors: SINGH VISHAL , Das Madhusweta , Kumar Das Susanta
Published: April 2016

Cutting tool parameters such as edge-sharpness and speed of cut directly influence the shape of final samples and the required cutting force and specific energy for slicing or cutting operations. Cutting force and specific energy studies on different vegetables help to design the appropriate slicing or cutting devices. Peak cutting force and specific energy requirements for the transverse cutting of nine vegetables, differing in their textural characteristics of rind and flesh, were determined at cutting speeds of 20, 30, 40 mm min−1 and single-cut knife-edge angles of 15, 20 and 25° using a Universal Testing Machine. Low speed (20 mm min−1 ) cutting with a sharper knife-edge angle (15°) required less peak force and specific energy than that of high-speed cutting (40 mm min−1 ) with a wider knife-edge angle (25°). The vegetables with the maximum and minimum variation in the average peak cutting force were aubergine, at 79.05 (for knife speed 20 mm min−1 and edge angle 15°) to 285.1 N (40 mm min−1 and 25°), and cucumber, at 11.61 (20 mm min−1 and 15°) to 21.41 N (40 mm min−1 and 25°), respectively. High speed (40 mm min−1 ), with a large knife-edge angle (25°), required the highest force and specific energy to cut the vegetables, however, low speed (20 mm min−1 ), with a small knife-edge angle (15°), is preferred. Effects of cutting speed and knife-edge angle on peak force and specific energy responses were found significant (p<0.05). Linear or quadratic regressions gave a good fit of these variables.
Barriers to using consumer science information in food technology innovations: An exploratory study using Delphi methodology
Authors: E. Raley Marian , Ragona Maddalena , J. Sijtsema Siet , R.H. Fischer Arnout , J. Frewer Lynn
Published: April 2016

Food technology innovation has the potential to deliver many benefits to society, although some technologies have been problematic in terms of public acceptance. In promoting the commercial success of innovative technological processes and resultant products it will be important to incorporate information relating to consumer preferences and concerns during their development. The barriers to the utilisation of consumer information during technological development was explored using a two round Delphi study involving 75 experts with an interest in new food technology (food technologists and consumer scientists). There was overall agreement that consumer information should be used in technology implementation and product design, and that good communication between key actors at pivotal stages during the development of new food technologies and products was important. However disciplinary differences were perceived to be a barrier to communication, as were difficulties associated with producing consumer information usable by food technologists. A strategy to improve inter-disciplinary communication is proposed, involving the creation of multi-disciplinary teams working together throughout the development project’s duration, including those with interdisciplinary experience. Deficiencies in the specification of the information required from consumer scientists need to be overcome. Consumer science results need to be concrete and presented as salient to and usable by food technologists.
Innovation and knowledge transference in a cluster user-driven innovation perspective – the Inovcluster experience
Authors: Paiva Teresa , Domingues Claudia , Pinto de Andrade Luıs
Published: April 2016

Our purpose with this article is to show the importance of assessing trends and promoting innovation in a real business context, through a cluster ecosystem, mainly composed of micro-enterprises in the agro-industrial Portuguese sector. As many studies show, Inovcluster (which has 158 associates, from which 120 are enterprises) is also a geographic region cluster, which improves innovation performance of businesses seeking to gain competitiveness and ability to improve their exportations in the agro-industrial Portuguese sector. The role of the cluster is fundamental to creating a model for knowledge transfer of innovation capacity, interconnecting its institutional, scientific and business associates. This model has to be adapted to the sector and enterprise characteristics, relying in an interconnecting structure which is more or less decentralized according to the mentioned features. Here we present an experience and case study of the Inovcluster ecosystem and its trends and innovation transfer to business value creation, contextualized within the regional strategy for smart specialization. We have shown how, through the establishment of an Inovcluster network, it is possible to integrate the contribution of different research and academic centres, channelled to assist micro-enterprises by innovating within a geographical constraint.
Following the trail of crumbs: A bibliometric study on consumer behavior in the Food Science and Technology field
Authors: C. Kasemodel Marcia-Gabriela , Makishi Fausto , C. Souza Roberta , Silva Vivian-Lara
Published: April 2016

The main goal of this paper was to conduct an exploratory study regarding consumer preference in the field of Food Science and Technology. Two questions guided this study: Is it possible to identify a trail of crumbs concerning consumer behavior in the Food Science and Technology field? And, if that trail exists, where is it leading academia in terms of research trends of interest? A bibliometric study was conducted using an analysis software called CiteSpace. The use of this methodology ensured the impartiality of the literature review of the topic of interest. A survey of all articles indexed in Web of Science between 1993 and 2013 regarding consumer behaviour was carried out. In total, 1,786 articles were analyzed. The recent increased concern regarding consumer behavior was evident. With the USA and Spain having a significant role in driving the trail. Eight other countries that exhibited similar influences are: Italy, England, Australia, Germany, Denmark, France, Netherlands and Brazil. The research trends observed were grouped into seven major hot topics: sensory, health, safety, willingness to pay, packaging, ethics, and lifestyle/convenience. However, the development of publishing trends depended on where the research was carried out. A final suggestive finding, demonstrated that scientific knowledge does not occur in a vacuum.
Pronase hydrolysis as a pretreatment for quantifying Maillard intermediates during toasting of cornflakes
Authors: Cueto Mario , E. Farroni Abel , del Pilar Buera M.
Published: April 2016

Some of the products generated by the Maillard reaction are desired and very important for defining consumer acceptance of breakfast cereals. However, in recent years there has been an increased concern about compounds that are potentially harmful such as furfurals. The aim of this work was to analyze the effectiveness of protein hydrolysis with pronase as a pretreament for the evaluation of furfurals generated by the Maillard reaction during toasting of cornflakes and the parallel development of brown and fluorescent compounds. Furfurals were more accurately quantified with the pronase hydrolysis pretreatment because the protein matrix binds furfurals and fluorescent compounds. For control of the early reaction steps in the toasting process, the most sensitive parameter was fluorescence.
Activation of GCN2 kinase by ribosome stalling links translation elongation with translation initiation
Authors: Ishimura Ryuta , Nagy Gabor , Dotu Ivan , Chuang Jeffrey H , Ackerman Susan L
Published: April 2016

Ribosome stalling during translation has recently been shown to cause neurodegeneration, yet the signaling pathways triggered by stalled elongation complexes are unknown. To investigate these pathways we analyzed the brain of C57BL/6J-Gtpbp2nmf205-/- mice in which neuronal elongation complexes are stalled at AGA codons due to deficiencies in a tRNAArgUCU tRNA and GTPBP2, a mammalian ribosome rescue factor. Increased levels of phosphorylation of eIF2α (Ser51) were detected prior to neurodegeneration in these mice and transcriptome analysis demonstrated activation of ATF4, a key transcription factor in the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Genetic experiments showed that this pathway was activated by the eIF2α kinase, GCN2, in an apparent deacylated tRNA-independent fashion. Further we found that the ISR attenuates neurodegeneration in C57BL/6J-Gtpbp2nmf205-/- mice, underscoring the importance of cellular and stress context on the outcome of activation of this pathway. These results demonstrate the critical interplay between translation elongation and initiation in regulating neuron survival during cellular stress.
Band engineering for surface emission enhancement in Al-rich AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light emitting diodes
Authors: Lu Huimin , Yu Tongjun , Chen Xinjuan , Wang Jianping , Zhang Guoyi
Published: April 2016

The optical polarization properties of Al-rich AlGaN/AlN quantum wells (QWs) with different structure parameters were analyzed using the modified theoretical model based on the effective mass equation. It is demonstrated that the optical polarization properties of AlGaN-based QWs are determined by the valence subband structure, including the energy level order and the valence subband coupling. The results show that the TE-polarized emission is enhanced in Al-rich AlGaN/AlN QWs with smaller well width, a buffer layer inducing compressive stress, and a staggered well layer owing to the change in the valence subband structure. Hence, the enhancement of surface emission from deep-ultraviolet (DUV) AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be realized by adjusting the QW structure parameters to induce a valence subband change.
Kvalitet i læring i barnehagen. En analyse av styringsdokumenter fra OECD og Norge
Authors: Nygård Mette
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this article is to provide representations of and to compare meanings attributed to the concept of learning in Early Childhood Education and Care policy. More concrete, the article provides a comparison between documents from Norway and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD. The comparison is based on the OECD- report Quality Matters in Early Childhood Education and Care. Norway (Taguma et al. 2013), and White Paper no. 24 (2012-2013) The Future of Early Childhood Education and Care. Neither the OECD-report nor the Norwegian White Paper has any legal levers to influence Norway, but the documents advise a national agenda, described as “soft governance”. The analysis is made on the basis of Bernstein’s code theory and his concept of classification.I denne artikkelen gjøres det en sammenligning mellom styringsdokumenter for barnehagen fra henholdsvis Norge og OECD. Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i OECD-rapporten Quality Matters in Early Childhood Education and Care. Norway. (Taguma m.fl., 2013) og St.meld.nr. 24 (2012-2013) Framtidens barnehage. Dette er ikke lovregulerende eller rådgivende dokumenter, men kan sies å ha stor påvirkningskraft ved å styre gjennom begrepsbruk, noe som omtales som “soft governance”. Hensikten med sammenligningen er å analysere hva slags betydninger læringsbegrepet tillegges i de ulike dokumentene. Analysene er gjort med utgangspunkt i Bernsteins kodeteori.
Being and becoming as socialisation in a mathematical activity in preschool
Authors: Lembrér Dorota , Meaney Tamsin
Published: April 2016

This article investigates a map-drawing activity in a Swedish preschool from the perspective of how children are positioned as being or becoming mathematicians by the children themselves, the teacher and the researcher. The children positioned themselves as being mathematicians, who were capable of expressing and using their own experiences and skills. The researcher also focused on the children’s expertise and so positioned them as being mathematicians. Nevertheless, there were times when the children acknowledged their need for more skills and knowledge to solve a problem and thus positioned themselves as becoming mathematicians. Similarly, some of the teacher’s questions also focussed on developing children’s mathematics skills, which thus emphasized children’s incompleteness or state as becoming mathematicians. By contrasting the teacher’s role with those of the children and the researcher, it is possible to identify how the teacher affects children’s socialisation and learning through her questioning.
Were “Ugly Slaves” in Medieval China Really Ugly?
Authors: Chen Sanping
Published: April 2016

Extending the author’s previous studies of Chinese onomastics, this paper examines the true meaning of a large group of medieval Chinese personal names containing the character chou, “ugly.” Contrary to conventional interpretation, it is found, based on contemporary inscriptional data, that these names actually marked the birth-year of the name-bearers. Further, they represented a special case of theophoric names newly introduced from Iranian-speaking Central Asia, and reflected the deification and anthropomorphization of the twelve-animal cycle. The paper also provides a succinct description of the general genre of Chinese opprobrious names, which are found to be closely related to similar names in Central Asia. Both findings help illustrate pre-Islamic Iranian-Sogdian cultural influence in China.
More Translators of The Thousand and One Nights
Authors: Fudge Bruce
Published: April 2016

This is a review article of two recent, complete translations of the Arabian Nights, in French by André Miquel and Jamel Eddine Bencheikh (2005) and in English by Malcolm Lyons (2008), respectively.
Bibliographisches Glossar des Hurritischen. By Thomas Richter
Authors: Yakobovich Ilya
Published: April 2016

Bibliographisches Glossar des Hurritischen. By Thomas Richter. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2012. Pp. xxxvi + 667. €98.
Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction. By Amanda H. Podany
Authors: Dixon Helen
Published: April 2016

The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction. By Amanda H. Podany. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. xix + 148. $11.95 (paper).
Dawn of the Bronze Age: The Pattern of Settlement in the Lower Jordan Valley and the Desert Fringes of Samaria during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age I. By Shay Bar
Authors: Milevski Ianir
Published: April 2016

The Dawn of the Bronze Age: The Pattern of Settlement in the Lower Jordan Valley and the Desert Fringes of Samaria during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age I. By Shay Bar. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, vol. 72. Leiden: Brill Pp. vi + 607, 178 illus. $250.
Die Prinzipien der Klassifizierung im Altägyptischen. By Eliese-Sophia Lincke
Authors: Depuydt Leo
Published: April 2016

Die Prinzipien der Klassifizierung im Altägyptischen. By Eliese-Sophia Lincke. Göttinger Orientforschungen, vol. IV/38. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2011. Pp. xiii + 159. €38 (paper).
Observations of wave transformation over a fringing coral reef and the importance of low‐frequency waves and offshore water levels to runup, overwash, and coastal flooding
Authors: Cheriton Olivia M. , Storlazzi Curt D. , Rosenberger Kurt J.
Published: April 2016

Many low‐lying tropical islands are susceptible to sea level rise and often subjected to overwash and flooding during large wave events. To quantify wave dynamics and wave‐driven water levels on fringing coral reefs, a 5 month deployment of wave gauges and a current meter was conducted across two shore‐normal transects on Roi‐Namur Island in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. These observations captured two large wave events that had waves with maximum heights greater than 6 m with peak periods of 16 s over the fore reef. The larger event coincided with a peak spring tide, leading to energetic, highly skewed infragravity (0.04–0.004 Hz) and very low frequency (0.004–0.001 Hz) waves at the shoreline, which reached heights of 1.0 and 0.7 m, respectively. Water surface elevations, combined with wave runup, reached 3.7 m above the reef bed at the innermost reef flat adjacent to the toe of the beach, resulting in flooding of inland areas. This overwash occurred during a 3 h time window that coincided with high tide and maximum low‐frequency reef flat wave heights. The relatively low‐relief characteristics of this narrow reef flat may further drive shoreline amplification of low‐frequency waves due to resonance modes. These results (1) demonstrate how the coupling of high offshore water levels with low‐frequency reef flat wave energetics can lead to large impacts along fringing reef‐lined shorelines, such as island overwash, and (2) lend support to the hypothesis that predicted higher sea levels will lead to more frequent occurrences of these extreme events, negatively impacting coastal resources and infrastructure.
Decadal‐scale thermohaline variability in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Hutchinson K. , Swart S. , Meijers A. , Ansorge I. , Speich S.
Published: April 2016

An enhanced Altimetry Gravest Empirical Mode (AGEM), including both adiabatic and diabatic trends, is developed for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) south of Africa using updated hydrographic CTD sections, Argo data, and satellite altimetry. This AGEM has improved accuracy compared to traditional climatologies and other proxy methods. The AGEM for the Atlantic Southern Ocean offers an ideal technique to investigate the thermohaline variability over the past two decades in a key region for water mass exchanges and transformation. In order to assess and attribute changes in the hydrography of the region, we separate the changes into adiabatic and diabatic components. Integrated over the upper 2000 dbar of the ACC south of Africa, results show mean adiabatic changes of 0.16 ± 0.11°C decade−1 and 0.006 ± 0.014 decade−1, and diabatic differences of −0.044 ± 0.13°C decade−1 and −0.01 ± 0.017 decade−1 for temperature and salinity, respectively. The trends of the resultant AGEM, that include both adiabatic and diabatic variability (termed AD‐AGEM), show a significant increase in the heat content of the upper 2000 dbar of the ACC with a mean warming of 0.12 ± 0.087°C decade−1. This study focuses on the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) mass where negative diabatic trends dominate positive adiabatic differences in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), with results indicating a cooling (−0.17°C decade−1) and freshening (−0.032 decade−1) of AAIW in this area, whereas south of the SAZ positive adiabatic and diabatic trends together create a cumulative warming (0.31°C decade−1) and salinification (0.014 decade−1) of AAIW.
The integrated dayside merging rate is controlled primarily by the solar wind
Authors: Lopez Ramon E.
Published: April 2016

An argument is presented to support the view that the rate of merging between the geomagnetic field and the interplanetary magnetic field across the dayside magnetosphere is controlled primarily by the solar wind parameters. The controlling parameters are the solar wind electric field in the Earth's frame of reference and the solar wind magnetosonic fast mode Mach number. These factors control to first order the total amount of magnetic flux that is carried by the magnetosheath flow to the dayside merging region. We argue that the global dayside merging rate is governed by the amount of flux that is delivered to the dayside merging line by the magnetosheath flow. The ionospheric conductance also plays an important role by modulating the shape of the magnetospheric obstacle around which the magnetosheath flow is deflected. The local conditions at the magnetopause, especially changes in magnetospheric plasma density will affect the local reconnection rate, but not the global dayside merging rate because to change the global merging rate the entire pattern of magnetosheath flow must be changed. The conceptual model presented here can explain how dayside merging depends on solar wind values, including both linear and nonlinear dependencies, through the application of a single, unifying perspective, without the need for ad hoc mechanisms that limit the dayside merging rate.
Linking micro‐scale predictions of capillary forces to macro‐scale fluidization experiments in humid environments
Authors: LaMarche Casey Q. , Miller Andrew W. , Liu Peiyuan , Hrenya Christine M.
Published: April 2016

The effects of increasing relative humidity (RH) on fluidization/defluidization are investigated experimentally and understood via particle‐level predictions for the resulting capillary force. Experimentally, defluidization is found to be more sensitive to small changes in RH than fluidization. This sensitivity is captured by a new defluidization velocity Udf, which characterizes the curvature of the defluidization plot (pressure drop vs. velocity) observed between the fully‐fluidized (constant pressure drop) and packed‐bed (linear pressure drop dependence on velocity) states; this curvature is indicative of a partially‐fluidized state arising from humidity induced cohesion. Plots of Udf vs. RH reveal two key behaviors, namely Udf gradually increases with a relatively constant slope, followed by an abrupt increase at RH ∼55%. Furthermore, the bed transitions from Group A to Group C behavior between RH of approximately 60–65%. From a physical standpoint, these macro‐scale trends are explained via a theory for capillary forces that, for the first time, incorporates measured values of particle surface roughness. Specifically, a model for the cohesive energy of rough surfaces in humid environments shows the same qualitative behavior as Udf vs. RH for RH <55%, unlike predictions of the cohesive force. Furthermore, the abrupt transition at RH ∼60–65% is explained via the previously observed onset of liquid‐like water adsorption, rather than crystal/ice‐like adsorption, onto glass surfaces. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3585–3597, 2016
Transcriptome analysis of genes and gene networks involved in aggressive behavior in mouse and zebrafish
Authors: Malki Karim , Du Rietz Ebba , Crusio Wim E. , Pain Oliver , Paya‐Cano Jose , Karadaghi Rezhaw L. , Sluyter Frans , de Boer Sietse F. , Sandnabba Kenneth , Schalkwyk Leonard C. , Asherson Philip , Tosto Maria Grazia
Published: April 2016

Despite moderate heritability estimates, the molecular architecture of aggressive behavior remains poorly characterized. This study compared gene expression profiles from a genetic mouse model of aggression with zebrafish, an animal model traditionally used to study aggression. A meta‐analytic, cross‐species approach was used to identify genomic variants associated with aggressive behavior. The Rankprod algorithm was used to evaluated mRNA differences from prefrontal cortex tissues of three sets of mouse lines (N = 18) selectively bred for low and high aggressive behavior (SAL/LAL, TA/TNA, and NC900/NC100). The same approach was used to evaluate mRNA differences in zebrafish (N = 12) exposed to aggressive or non‐aggressive social encounters. Results were compared to uncover genes consistently implicated in aggression across both studies. Seventy‐six genes were differentially expressed (PFP < 0.05) in aggressive compared to non‐aggressive mice. Seventy genes were differentially expressed in zebrafish exposed to a fight encounter compared to isolated zebrafish. Seven genes (Fos, Dusp1, Hdac4, Ier2, Bdnf, Btg2, and Nr4a1) were differentially expressed across both species 5 of which belonging to a gene‐network centred on the c‐Fos gene hub. Network analysis revealed an association with the MAPK signaling cascade. In human studies HDAC4 haploinsufficiency is a key genetic mechanism associated with brachydactyly mental retardation syndrome (BDMR), which is associated with aggressive behaviors. Moreover, the HDAC4 receptor is a drug target for valproic acid, which is being employed as an effective pharmacological treatment for aggressive behavior in geriatric, psychiatric, and brain‐injury patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ellis Van Creveld2 is Required for Postnatal Craniofacial Bone Development
Authors: Badri Mohammed K. , Zhang Honghao , Ohyama Yoshio , Venkitapathi Sundharamani , Kamiya Nobuhiro , Takeda Haruko , Ray Manas , Scott Greg , Tsuji Takehito , Kunieda Tetsuo , Mishina Yuji , Mochida Yoshiyuki
Published: April 2016

Ellis‐van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is a genetic disorder with mutations in either EVC or EVC2 gene. Previous case studies reported that EvC patients underwent orthodontic treatment, suggesting the presence of craniofacial bone phenotypes. To investigate whether a mutation in EVC2 gene causes a craniofacial bone phenotype, Evc2 knockout (KO) mice were generated and cephalometric analysis was performed. The heads of wild type (WT), heterozygous (Het) and homozygous Evc2 KO mice (1‐, 3‐, and 6‐week‐old) were prepared and cephalometric analysis based on the selected reference points on lateral X‐ray radiographs was performed. The linear and angular bone measurements were then calculated, compared between WT, Het and KO and statistically analyzed at each time point. Our data showed that length of craniofacial bones in KO was significantly lowered by ∼20% to that of WT and Het, the growth of certain bones, including nasal bone, palatal length, and premaxilla was more affected in KO, and the reduction in these bone length was more significantly enhanced at later postnatal time points (3 and 6 weeks) than early time point (1 week). Furthermore, bone‐to‐bone relationship to cranial base and cranial vault in KO was remarkably changed, i.e. cranial vault and nasal bone were depressed and premaxilla and mandible were developed in a more ventral direction. Our study was the first to show the cause‐effect relationship between Evc2 deficiency and craniofacial defects in EvC syndrome, demonstrating that Evc2 is required for craniofacial bone development and its deficiency leads to specific facial bone growth defect. Anat Rec, 299:1110–1120, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of interstimulus interval and “Stimulus‐type” in prepotent response inhibition abilities in people with ASD: A quantitative and qualitative review
Authors: Kuiper Marieke W.M. , Verhoeven Elisabeth W.M. , Geurts Hilde M.
Published: April 2016

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with prepotent response inhibition difficulties. However, the large variation between studies suggests that understudied factors, such as interstimulus interval (ISI) and “stimulus‐type” (both hypothesized proxies of stressors influencing arousal), might influence the inhibitory abilities of people with ASD. Using meta‐analysis, we tested whether differences in prepotent response inhibition between people with and without ASD was influenced by ISI. There was not enough variation in “stimulus‐type” between the studies to include it as a moderator. Thirty‐seven studies met inclusion criteria, with a combined sample size of 950 people with ASD and 966 typically developing controls. Additionally, a qualitative review including studies comparing a neutral and an arousing condition in one experiment was performed to examine whether fast ISI or specific arousing stimuli directly influence prepotent response inhibition. The meta‐analysis indicated that ISI was not a relevant moderator. The qualitative review showed that ISI and “stimulus‐type” had the same effect for both groups. Although all studies regarding ISI indicated that fast ISI worsened performance, different types of stimuli had either a positive or a negative influence. This could suggest that distinctive stimuli might affect arousal differently. While we replicated the inhibition difficulties in people with ASD (g = .51), our results do not show strong ASD‐specific effects of ISI or “stimulus‐type” on inhibition. Nonetheless, ISI and “stimulus‐type” do seem to influence performance. Future research focusing on potential underlying factors (e.g., baseline physiological arousal) is needed to examine why this is the case. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1124–1141. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designed protein aggregates entrapping carbon nanotubes for bioelectrochemical oxygen reduction
Authors: Garcia Kristen E. , Babanova Sofia , Scheffler William , Hans Mansij , Baker David , Atanassov Plamen , Banta Scott
Published: April 2016

The engineering of robust protein/nanomaterial interfaces is critical in the development of bioelectrocatalytic systems. We have used computational protein design to identify two amino acid mutations in the small laccase protein (SLAC) from Streptomyces coelicolor to introduce new inter‐protein disulfide bonds. The new dimeric interface introduced by these disulfide bonds in combination with the natural trimeric structure drive the self‐assembly of SLAC into functional aggregates. The mutations had a minimal effect on kinetic parameters, and the enzymatic assemblies exhibited an increased resistance to irreversible thermal denaturation. The SLAC assemblies were combined with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and explored for use in oxygen reduction electrodes. The incorporation of SWNTs into the SLAC aggregates enabled operation at an elevated temperature and reduced the reaction overpotential. A current density of 1.1 mA/cm2 at 0 V versus Ag/AgCl was achieved in an air‐breathing cathode system. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2321–2327. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GAP promoter‐based fed‐batch production of highly bioactive core streptavidin by Pichia pastoris
Authors: Müller Jakob Michael , Bruhn Simon , Flaschel Erwin , Friehs Karl , Risse Joe Max
Published: April 2016

Streptavidin is a homotetrameric protein binding the vitamin biotin and peptide analogues with an extremely high affinity, which leads to a large variety of applications. The biotin‐auxotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris has recently been identified as a suitable host for the expression of the streptavidin gene, allowing both high product concentrations and productivities. However, so far only methanol‐based expression systems have been applied, bringing about increased oxygen demand, strong heat evolution and high requirements for process safety, causing increased cost. Moreover, common methanol‐based processes lead to large proportions of biotin‐blocked binding sites of streptavidin due to biotin‐supplemented media. Targeting these problems, this paper provides strategies for the methanol‐free production of highly bioactive core streptavidin by P. pastoris under control of the constitutive GAP promoter. Complex were superior to synthetic production media regarding the proportion of biotin‐blocked streptavidin. The optimized, easily scalable fed‐batch process led to a tetrameric product concentration of up to 4.16 ± 0.11 µM of biotin‐free streptavidin and a productivity of 57.8 nM h−1 based on constant glucose feeding and a successive shift of temperature and pH throughout the cultivation, surpassing the concentration in un‐optimized conditions by a factor of 3.4. Parameter estimation indicates that the optimized conditions caused a strongly increased accumulation of product at diminishing specific growth rates (μ ≈ D < 0.01 h−1), supporting the strategy of feeding. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:855–864, 2016
Subtle features of ice with cloudy effects and scratches from collision damage
Authors: Kim Jong‐Hyun , Im Jaeho , Kim Chang‐Hun , Lee Jung
Published: April 2016

We propose a simulation framework for expressing cloudy effects and scratches on ice caused by the collision of other objects. Cloudy effects are created and diffused in proportion to the collision on the ice surfaces calculated by a combination of a grid‐projection technique and the boundary particle method. To prevent dissipation during the diffusion process, a geodesic distance is used as a constraint. Scratches are modeled directionally by analyzing the density gradient of cloudy effects and rendered using needle‐shaped ellipsoids. Experiments provide detailed expression of cloudy effects and scratches from collision damage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of the Biofuel Additive 1,1‐Diethoxybutane in a Fixed‐Bed Column with Amberlyst‐15 Wet
Authors: Regufe Maria João , Faria Rui P. V. , Ribeiro Ana M. , Loureiro José M. , Rodrigues Alírio E.
Published: April 2016

The synthesis of 1,1‐diethoxybutane (DEB) through the acetalization reaction between ethanol and butyraldehyde was studied in a fixed‐bed adsorptive reactor packed with Amberlyst‐15 wet. The miscibilities of reactants and water were evaluated and breakthrough experiments with nonreactive pairs of ethanol‐water and ethanol‐DEB were performed. The parameters of the isotherms were fitted by a Langmuir competitive model. Synthesis of the acetal was carried out with mixtures of ethanol and butyraldehyde at different molar ratios. The dynamic behavior of the fixed‐bed adsorptive reactor was described by a mathematical model developed taking into account the reaction kinetics, adsorption mechanisms, mass transfer resistances, and velocity variations.
ChemInform Abstract: HEXAGONAL PEROVSKITES WITH CATIONIC VACANCIES. XII. STRUCTURE DETERMINATION ON BARIUM TUNGSTATE (BA6W4□2O18)
Authors: KEMMLER‐SACK S. , TREIBER U.
Published: April 2016

Über hexagonale Perowskite mit Kationenfehlstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF EUROPIUM ANTIMONIDE (EU11SB10)
Authors: SCHMELCZER R. , SCHWARZENBACH D. , HULLIGER F.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung kristallisiert im tetragonalen Ho11Ge10 ‐Strukturtyp (I4/mmm, Z=4) und scheint metallisch zu sein.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEX FORMATION IN MOLTEN SALTS. PART III. ASSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF SILVER‐IODO COMPLEXES IN MOLTEN POTASSIUM NITRATE‐BARIUM NITRATE EUTECTIC
Authors: ADYA A. K. , VERMA K. W. D. , GEUR H. C.
Published: April 2016

Die thermodynamischen Assoziationskonstanten für die Bildung von AgI, AgI2‐ und Ag2I+ in der eutektischen KNO3/Ba(NO3)2 (89: 11 mol‐%)‐Schmelze werden bei 350, 370 und 390°C mit Hilfe von EMK‐Messungen an einer geeigneten Konzentrationskette bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXATION PROPERTIES OF MACROCYCLIC POLYETHER‐DIESTER COMPOUNDS CONTAINING FURAN AND BENZENE SUBCYCLIC UNITS
Authors: BRADSHAW J. S. , BAXTER S. L. , SCOTT D. C. , LAMB J. D. , IZATT R. M. , CHRISTENSEN J. J.
Published: April 2016

Das Komplex‐Bildungsverhalten der Verbindung (I) wird mit den aus (II) erhaltenen Komplexen (III) sowie den bekannten Verbindungen (IV) verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOCUPRATE REACTIONS OF ENONE LACTONES. II. REGIOCHEMICAL EFFECT ON REDUCTIVE CLEAVAGE
Authors: LOGUSCH E. W.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem früher beschriebenen Lacton (I) erhält man mit NBS die isomeren Bromide (II), von denen die cis‐Verbindung (IIa) mit Persäure zu (III) epoxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: OZONOLYSIS OF ETHYLENE, VINYL FLUORIDE, AND 1,2‐DIFLUOROETHYLENE: ISOTOPIC LABELING EXPERIMENTS
Authors: MAZUR Z. , KUCZKOWSKI R. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Ozonolyse der Olefine (I)‐(III) zu z.B. Ozoniden der Art (IV) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY. XII. HOMOLOGATION OF METHANOL BY HOMOGENEOUS RHODIUM CATALYSTS
Authors: DUMAS H. , LEVISALLES J. , RUDLER H.
Published: April 2016

Untersucht wird die Carbonylierung von Methanol in Gegenwart von Rhodiumchlorid als Katalysator.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF C9 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS FROM THE REACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND BUTADIENE IN THE PRESENCE OF PALLADIUM COMPLEX CATALYSTS AND SODIUM PHENOXIDE
Authors: ITO T. , KINDAICHI Y. , TAKAMI Y.
Published: April 2016

Die durch Pd‐Komplexe (II) katalysierte Reaktion von Butadien (I) mit CO2 in Gegenwart von Na‐phenolat (III) führt in guten Ausbeuten zum Butadiendimer (IV) den Phenylethern (V) sowie (VI) und zu den isomeren C9‐Carbonsäuren (VII) und (VIII), als Nebenprodukte lassen sich die Lactone (IX) und (X) sowie die Ester (XI) und (XII) isolieren.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMS OF THE REACTIONS OF GRIGNARD REAGENTS. XIII. SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSFER IN THE REDUCTION OF AZOBENZENE AND BENZOPHENONE
Authors: HOLM T. , CROSSLAND I.
Published: April 2016

Wird Azobenzol (I) durch die Grignard‐Verbindungen (II) reduziert, so entstehen neben dem Reduktionsprodukt (III) auch Verbindungen wie hauptsächlich (IV) und (V), die auf eine 1,2‐ bzw. 1,6‐Addition des Mg‐bromids (II) zurückgehen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ASYMMETRIC HYDROFORMYLATION OF VINYL ACETATE
Authors: WATANABE Y. , MITSUDO T. , YASUNORI Y. , KIKUCHI J. , TAKEGAMI Y.
Published: April 2016

Asymm. Hydroformylierung des Acetats (I) mit dem chiralen Phosphin‐Rhodium‐Komplex (II) führt selektiv zum (S)‐2‐Acetoxypropanal (III) in 10‐24% optischer Ausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE METHOD FOR MONOESTERIFICATION OF α,Ω‐DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS: APPLICATION TO THE SYNTHESIS OF TRAUMATIC ACID, A PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHON
Authors: BABLER J. H. , MOY R. K.
Published: April 2016

Die Verbindung (V) wird auf dem angegebenen Wege hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE OF (3‐CHLORO‐2‐HYDROXY‐5‐NITROPHENYL)(2′‐CHLOROPHENYL)IODONIUM HYDROXIDE INNER SALT
Authors: PAGE S. W. , MAZZOLA E. P. , MIGHELL A. D. , HIMES V. L. , HUBBARD C. R.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Phenol (Ia) und dem Iodoniumdiacetat (IIa) entsteht in Eisessig nach 48 Std. (IIIa) ‐ AcOH und nach weiterer Trocknung über KOH im Vakuum die Titelverbindung (IIIa) (RG: P21/n, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 1‐ARYL‐2,2‐DICHLORO‐1‐ALKANONES
Authors: DE KIMPE N. , DE BUYCK L. , VERHE R. , WYCHUSE F. , SCHAMP N.
Published: April 2016

Durch Chlorierung der Ketone (I) mit Chlor in DMF können auf einfache Weise die Dichlorketone (II) synthetisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: METHOD FOR CONVERSION OF α‐KETOLS TO KETONES. DEOXYGENATION WITH IODOTRIMETHYLSILANE
Authors: HO T.‐L.
Published: April 2016

Mit Trimethyliodsilan (II) als Reaktionspartner werden Acyloine wie (I) in einem Syntheseschritt zu den Ketonen (III) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: SULFUR NITRIDE IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 6. PREPARATION OF 3,4‐DISUBSTITUTED 1,2,5‐THIADIAZOLES BY THE REACTION OF SULFUR NITRIDE WITH ACETYLENES
Authors: MATAKA S. , TAKAHASHI K. , YAMADA Y. , TASHIRO M.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Acetylenen (I) erhält man mit Schwefelnitrid die 3,4‐disubstituierten 1,2,5‐Thjadiazo1e (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF SULFENE AND DICHLOROKETENE WITH N,N‐DISUBSTITUTED 5‐AMINOMETHYLENE‐1,5,6,7‐TETRAHYDRO‐2‐METHYL‐1‐PHENYLINDOL‐4‐ONES. SYNTHESIS OF 1,2‐OXATHIINO(6,5‐E)INDOLE AND OF PYRANO(2,3‐E)INDOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: MOSTI L. , SCHENONE P. , MENOZZI G.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Hydroindolon (I) erhält man über ein Hydroxymethylen‐Derivat (II) mit Aminen die Aminomethylenverbindungen (III), die mit Dichlorketen (IV) zu den Addukten (V), z.B. (Vb), führen.
ChemInform Abstract: A CARBON‐CARBON BOND FORMATION USING ENDOPEROXIDES OF 1,2‐DIHYDROPYRIDINES
Authors: NATSUME M. , SEKINE Y. , OGAWA M. , SOYAGIMI H. , KITAGAWA Y.
Published: April 2016

Dihydropyridin‐N‐carbonester (I) gibt bei der Photooxidation das cyclische Peroxid (II),das bei der nucleophilen Substitution zu den Folgeprodukten (III)‐(V) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: STRAINED HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS. 9. 6,7‐DIHYDROCYCLOBUTA(G)QUINOLINE
Authors: MARKGRAF J. H. , ANTIN J. H. , WALKER F. J. , BLATCHLY R. A.
Published: April 2016

Durch Skraup‐Cyclisierung der Aniline (I), (III) bzw. (V) werden die kondensierten Chinoline (II), (IV) bzw. (VI) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. III. PREPARATION OF SOME PYRAZOLO(3,4‐C)(1,5)BENZODIAZOCIN‐10(11H)ONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: PLESCIA S. , DAIDONE G. , SPRIO V.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Amiden (Ia) und (Ib) erhält man nach Acylierung zu (II) und der Hydrierung zu den Aminen (III) die Cyclisierungsprodukte (IV), die auch z.B. aus (Vb) erhalten werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF GERMYLENES WITH NITROSOBENZENE AND PHENYL‐TERT‐BUTYLOXAZIRIDINE AND ITS ISOMERIC NITRONE
Authors: RIVIERE P. , SATGE J. , CASTEL A. , CAZES A.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung der Germylene (I) mit Nitrosobenzol (II) führt über eine Germa‐oxa‐aziridin‐Zwischenstufe (III) zum Phenylnitren (IV) und Germylenoxiden (V), die einerseits mit (I) weiterreagieren, andererseits polykondensieren.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF CYCLOPENTADIENYL NITROSYL COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM. PART 11. MONOHAPTOALLYLIC SPECIES AND THEIR REACTIONS WITH ELECTROPHILES
Authors: MCCLEVERTY J. A. , MURRAY A. J.
Published: April 2016

Behandelt man die Komplexe (I) oder (IV) mit den Allylliganden mit den Carbamaten (II) so erhält man die Komplexe (III) mit monohapto‐allylischem Liganden.