bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum field theory analysis of polarizations correlations, entanglement and Bell's inequality: explicit processes
Authors: Yongram N. , Manoukian E.B.
Published: November 2012

This paper provides explicit and detailed quantum field theory (QFT) computations of polarizations correlations of emerging particles in several processes in QED, Electroweak Theory, and even in particle productions from strings, and hence are based on dynamical theries. The novel properties observed in the computations of such polarizations correlations, as predicted by QFT, is that they depend on the speed of the colliding particles, and, in some cases, even on coupling parameters ratios as well as on mass ratios of the underlying theory. These investigations clearly show that arguments based simply on combining spins to generate probabilities of such polarization correlations are not reliable. The novel properties obtained, with details of derivations provided here, hopefully would call for experiments on polarizations correlations which would monitor speeds of colliding particles, and, would, in turn, lead to new tests of the fundamental interactions of QFT such as of QED and of the Electroweak Theory.
HOXB13 mutations in a population‐based, case–control study of prostate cancer
Authors: Stott‐Miller Marni , Karyadi Danielle M. , Smith Tiffany , Kwon Erika M. , Kolb Suzanne , Stanford Janet L. , Ostrander Elaine A.
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed non‐skin malignancy in men in the Western world, yet few disease‐associated mutations have been found. Recently, a low frequency recurring mutation in the HOXB13 gene was reported among both hereditary PC families and men from the general population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We determined the distribution and frequency of the G84E HOXB13 variant in 1,310 incipient PC cases and 1,259 age‐mated controls from a population‐based, case–control study of PC.

RESULTS

The G84E mutation was more frequent in cases than controls (1.3% vs. 0.4%, respectively), and men with the HOXB13 G84E variant had a 3.3‐fold higher relative risk of PC compared with noncarriers (95% CI, 1.21–8.96). There was a stronger association between the G84E variant and PC among men with no first‐degree relative with PC (OR, 4.04; 95% CI, 1.12–14.51) compared to men with a family history of PC (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.30–7.50; P = 0.36 for interaction). We observed some evidence of higher risk estimates associated with the variant for men with higher versus lower Gleason score (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.38–12.38 vs. OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 0.88–8.30), and advanced versus local stage (OR, 4.47; 95% CI, 1.28–15.57 vs. OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.04–8.49), however these differences were not statistically different.

CONCLUSIONS

These results confirm the association of a rare HOXB13 mutation with PC in the general population and suggest that this variant may be associated with features of more aggressive disease. Prostate 73: 634–641, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel synthetic peptide from a tomato defensin exhibits antibacterial activities against Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Rigano M. M. , Romanelli A. , Fulgione A. , Nocerino N. , D'Agostino N. , Avitabile C. , Frusciante L. , Barone A. , Capuano F. , Capparelli R.
Published: November 2012

Defensins are a class of cysteine‐rich proteins, which exert broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this work, we used a bioinformatic approach to identify putative defensins in the tomato genome. Fifteen proteins had a mature peptide that includes the well‐conserved tetradisulfide array. We selected a representative member of the tomato defensin family; we chemically synthesized its γ‐motif and tested its antimicrobial activity. Here, we demonstrate that the synthetic peptide exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus A170, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Listeria monocytogenes, and Gram‐negative bacteria, including Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi, Escherichia coli, and Helicobacter pylori. In addition, the synthetic peptide shows minimal (<5%) hemolytic activity and absence of cytotoxic effects against THP‐1 cells. Finally, SolyC exerts an anti‐inflammatory activity in vitro, as it downregulates the level of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IFN‐γ. Copyright © 2012 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysing the photoluminescence intensities of single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Heeg Sebastian , Abrahamson Joel T. , Strano Michael S. , Reich Stephanie
Published: November 2012

We study the photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation intensities of single‐walled carbon nanotubes. To derive the chirality fractions of semiconducting tubes from these optical methods requires a thorough analysis of the experimental parameters and the lifetimes of the excitonic states. We obtain the intensity distribution from the product of the widths of the first and second excitonic transition and the intensity of the absorption of the second excited state. Compared with previous analysis protocols our intensity distribution points towards a chirality abundance which is (i) narrower in diameter, (ii) centred at smaller diameters and (iii) more strongly dominated by armchair‐like tubes. We present a recipe for the fit of luminescence data.
Effects of contact oxidization on the transport properties of Au/ZGNR junctions
Authors: Zhang C. X. , Xiao Huaping , He Chaoyu , Xue L. , Zhang K. W. , Sun L. Z. , Zhong Jianxin
Published: November 2012

The transport properties of the junction assembled by zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) and Au electrode (Au/ZGNR) are investigated using first‐principles calculations. It is found that the Au/ZGNR junction behaves as a typical diode with Schottky barrier at the contact. Our results indicate that although the oxidization at the contact slightly influences the Schottky barrier, the I –V characteristic is effectively modulated. Such effect derives from the impact of the oxidization on the coupling between the ZGNRs and Au electrode.

magnified image

Au/ZGNR junction oxidized by C=O groups at the contact and relative I –V curves.

(© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transparent p‐NiO/n‐ZnO diodes used in circuit rectifiers
Authors: Bae Heesun , Lee Kyung Ha , Lee Kwang H. , Song Jong Han , Im Seongil
Published: November 2012

We report on the fabrication of a transparent photostable cell circuit composed of drive and resistor diodes which are face‐to‐face connected to each other with different device area. The diodes consisted of e‐beam evaporated p‐NiO on sputter‐deposited n‐ZnO for p/n diode formation on indium‐tin‐oxide glass. Our transparent diodes show photostable rectifying behavior, about 103 on/off current ratio and even dynamic rectification at a maximum frequency of 100 Hz AC input signal in ambient light. The noticeable photo‐responsivity of the circuit was obtained only under ultraviolet (UV) light. We conclude that our transparent diode circuit is promising in enriching the field of transparent device electronics. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Applying the Stress and ‘Strength’ Hypothesis to Black Women's Breast Cancer Screening Delays
Authors: Black Angela Rose , Woods‐Giscombé Cheryl
Published: November 2012

Associations between stress and breast cancer highlight stressful life events as barriers to breast cancer screening, increased stress due to a breast cancer scare or diagnosis, or the immunosuppressive properties of stress as a risk factor for breast cancer occurrence. Little is known, however, about how women's reactions to stressful life events impact their breast health trajectory. In this study, we explore how reactions to stressors serve as a potential barrier to breast cancer screening among Black women. We apply a gender‐specific, culturally responsive stress‐process framework, the Stress and ‘Strength’ Hypothesis (“strength hypothesis”), to understand links between the ‘Strong Black Woman role’ role, Black women's stress reactions and their observed screening delays. We conceptualize strength as a culturally prescribed coping style that conditions resilience, self‐reliance and psychological hardiness as a survival response to race‐related and gender‐related stressors. Using qualitative methods, we investigate the potential for this coping mechanism to manifest as extraordinary caregiving, emotional suppression and self‐care postponement. These manifestations may result in limited time for scheduling and attending screening appointments, lack of or delay in acknowledgement of breast health symptoms and low prioritization of breast care. Limitations and future directions are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐operative Stress, Anxiety, Depression and Coping Strategies Adopted by Patients Experiencing Their First or Recurrent Brain Neoplasm: An Explorative Study
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Cecconi Marta , Moreale Renzo , Skrap Miran
Published: November 2012

The main aims of this study were to evaluate the intensity of stress, anxiety and depression as well as the effectiveness of coping strategies adopted pre‐operatively in brain neoplasm patients. A descriptive–explorative study design was undertaken. During 2008, patients admitted to a large Italian hospital neurosurgical unit with their first (n = 21) or recurrent (n = 15) brain neoplasm, on the day before their surgical procedure, were consecutively recruited into the study. The Perceived Stress Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Jalowiec Coping Scale were administered via face‐to‐face interview. Patients with their first occurrence of neoplasm perceived the same stress intensity as those with recurrent neoplasm (mean ± standard deviation: 14.9 ± 6.7 versus 17.2 ± 8.8, p = 0.36). They also reported the same likelihood of anxiety at a borderline level (odds ratio (OR) 4.88, 95%CI 0.42 to 40.97, p = 0.06) and at a clinically relevant level (OR 0.32, 95%CI 0.01 to 5.37, p = 0.35) as well as the same likelihood of depression at a borderline level (OR 1.25, 95%CI 0.20 to 8.40, p = 0.78). Only one case of clinically relevant depression emerged among patients at their first diagnosis. Patients at their first occurrence, as well as those at recurrence, reported that they adopted optimistic coping strategies (mean 2.20, 95%CI 2.01 to 2.38 versus mean 1.96, 95%CI 1.71 to 2.20) and sought support (mean 1.81, 95%CI 1.58 to 2.05 versus mean 1.89, 95%CI 1.63 to 2.15). According to the findings of this exploratory study, on the pre‐operative day, brain neoplasm patients at their first diagnosis and at recurrence wish to confront the situation: they adopt optimistic coping strategies, they seek support and they wish to take a constructive problem‐solving approach. Knowledge of the intensity of stress, anxiety and depression as well as the coping strategies adopted by the patients is important for clinicians in their efforts to tailor care to patients' individual needs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal head–symphysis distance: a simple and reliable ultrasound index of fetal head station in labor
Authors: Youssef A. , Maroni E. , Ragusa A. , De Musso F. , Salsi G. , Iammarino M. T. , Paccapelo A. , Rizzo N. , Pilu G. , Ghi T.
Published: November 2012

Objectives

To assess the reproducibility of measurement of a new sonographic index of fetal head station in labor, the fetal head–symphysis distance (HSD), using three‐dimensional ultrasound, and its correlation with digital assessment of fetal head descent and with the angle of progression (AoP).

Methods

Three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound volumes were acquired from 47 nulliparous women in active labor following assessment of fetal head station with digital examination. The HSD (the distance between the lower edge of the pubic symphysis and the nearest point of the fetal skull) was measured independently by two operators in order to evaluate intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility. The correlation between HSD, AoP and fetal head station was evaluated using regression analysis. Using 3D tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI), measurements of the HSD were obtained in different parasagittal planes to evaluate the influence of inaccurate alignment of the probe with the midline of the pelvis.

Results

Measurement of HSD showed high intraobserver (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.995; 95% CI, 0.991–0.997) and interobserver (ICC = 0.991; 95% CI, 0.984–0.995) reliability. In addition, a high correlation was demonstrated between mid‐sagittal and parasagittal HSD measurements. HSD showed significant negative correlation with both fetal head station and AoP.

Conclusion

Fetal HSD is a simple and reliable method for the assessment of fetal head descent in labor. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluid shift from intravascular compartment during fetal red blood cell transfusion
Authors: Kamping M. A. , Pasman S. A. , Bil ‐ van den Brink C. P. , Oepkes D. , Adama van Scheltema P. N. , Vandenbussche F. P. H. A.
Published: November 2012

Objectives

Intrauterine transfusion imposes a considerable burden on the fetal circulation by increasing volume and pressure, and a fluid shift from the fetal circulation occurs even during the procedure. The aim of this study was to quantify the intraprocedural fluid shift and to investigate the effect of procedural and fetal characteristics on this fluid shift.

Methods

In 95 alloimmunized pregnancies, we calculated fluid shift at the first intrauterine transfusion by determining initial and final blood volumes. We evaluated the association of the fluid shift with the speed and volume of the transfusion, the severity of anemia and the presence of hydrops.

Results

Of the included fetuses, 11 were mildly hydropic and four were severely hydropic. A mean fluid shift of 36% of the transfused volume was found. Fluid shift related positively to transfused volume (P < 0.001). The percentage fluid shift of transfused volume was inversely related to the speed of transfusion (mL/kg/min) (P < 0.041) and was not related to the severity of anemia (P = 0.55) or to hydrops (P = 0.66). It was found that younger fetuses had been unintentionally subject to high volumes and speeds of transfusion relative to their size.

Conclusions

Around one‐third of the transfused volume is lost from the intravascular compartment during the procedure of intrauterine transfusion. There is a large variation between fetuses, partly explained by the volume and speed of the transfusion. Neither severity of anemia nor hydrops plays a clear‐cut role, and thus other factors may explain the variation in fluid shift. The probability that hematocrit will still increase after transfusion, as a result of a continuing fluid shift, should be considered in transfusion policy. Advice is given on gestational age‐adjusted speed of transfusion. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a processual microbial ontology
Authors: Bapteste Eric , Dupré John
Published: November 2012

Standard microbial evolutionary ontology is organized according to a nested hierarchy of entities at various levels of biological organization. It typically detects and defines these entities in relation to the most stable aspects of evolutionary processes, by identifying lineages evolving by a process of vertical inheritance from an ancestral entity. However, recent advances in microbiology indicate that such an ontology has important limitations. The various dynamics detected within microbiological systems reveal that a focus on the most stable entities (or features of entities) over time inevitably underestimates the extent and nature of microbial diversity. These dynamics are not the outcome of the process of vertical descent alone. Other processes, often involving causal interactions between entities from distinct levels of biological organisation, or operating at different time scales, are responsible not only for the destabilisation of pre-existing entities, but also for the emergence and stabilisation of novel entities in the microbial world. In this article we consider microbial entities as more or less stabilised functional wholes, and sketch a network-based ontology that can represent a diverse set of processes including, for example, as well as phylogenetic relations, interactions that stabilise or destabilise the interacting entities, spatial relations, ecological connections, and genetic exchanges. We use this pluralistic framework for evaluating (i) the existing ontological assumptions in evolution (e.g. whether currently recognized entities are adequate for understanding the causes of change and stabilisation in the microbial world), and (ii) for identifying hidden ontological kinds, essentially invisible from within a more limited perspective. We propose to recognize additional classes of entities that provide new insights into the structure of the microbial world, namely “processually equivalent” entities, “processually versatile” entities, and “stabilized” entities.
Economic Incentives and Foster Child Adoption
Authors: Argys Laura , Duncan Brian
Published: November 2012

Every year, a large number of children in the United States enter the foster care system. Many of them are eventually reunited with their biological parents or quickly adopted. A significant number, however, face long-term foster care, and some of these children are eventually adopted by their foster parents. The decision by foster parents to adopt their foster child carries significant economic consequences, including forfeiting foster care payments while also assuming responsibility for medical, legal, and educational expenses, to name a few. Since 1980, U.S. states have begun to offer adoption subsidies to offset some of these expenses, significantly lowering the cost of adopting a child who is in the foster care system. This article presents empirical evidence of the role that these economic incentives play in foster parents’ decision of when, or if, to adopt their foster child. We find that adoption subsidies increase adoptions through two distinct price mechanisms: by lowering the absolute cost of adoption, and by lowering the relative cost of adoption versus long-term foster care.
Mating Males
Authors: Glover Tim
Published: November 2012

Examining mating from the male perspective, this book provides an overview of mammalian reproduction to illustrate the important role that male desire plays in the life of mammals. Written in a conversational style that will appeal to those without specialist knowledge of the field, it begins with a broad overview of sexual reproduction in mammals, explaining the importance of mixing genes, sexual selection and the concept of mating seasons. Subsequent chapters examine some of the most important aspects in detail including mating behaviour, the structure and function of the male organs of reproduction and their physiological control and modes of copulation. A final chapter considers human reproduction, explaining how our physical and social evolution have contributed to the development of sexual behaviour that is markedly different to that of other mammals, due in particular to the absence of oestrus and seasonality in the human female.
Arabian Medicine
Authors: Browne E. G.
Published: November 2012

E. G. Browne (1862–1926), who combined outstanding skills in medicine and Arabic and Persian studies, has left an indelible mark in his fields of expertise. He first learned Turkish in his teens, and went on to study all the languages of the Islamic tradition, while also qualifying as a physician. This collection of four FitzPatrick Lectures, delivered at the Royal College of Physicians in 1919–20, and first published in 1921, covers subjects such as Arabic as a scientific language, the transmission of Greek learning, and important Islamic medieval writers. Brown describes the role of Islamic physicians in transmitting Greek and Roman medical science through the Dark Ages, both preserving and building upon texts which were lost or misunderstood in the West. He further argues that the scientific elements of Islamic literature should be seen as complementing and supporting the imaginative and aesthetic works of literature, history and poetry.
Principles of Nano-Optics
Authors: Novotny Lukas , Hecht Bert
Published: November 2012

First published in 2006, this book has become the standard reference on nano-optics. Now in its second edition, the text has been thoroughly updated to take into account new developments and research directions. While the overall structure and pedagogical style of the book remain unchanged, all existing chapters have been expanded and a new chapter has been added. Adopting a broad perspective, the authors provide a detailed overview of the theoretical and experimental concepts that are needed to understand and work in nano-optics, across subfields ranging from quantum optics to biophysics. New topics of discussion include: optical antennas; new imaging techniques; Fano interference and strong coupling; reciprocity; metamaterials; and cavity optomechanics. With numerous end-of-chapter problem sets and illustrative material to expand on ideas discussed in the main text, this is an ideal textbook for graduate students entering the field. It is also a valuable reference for researchers and course teachers.
Physics for the IB Diploma
Authors: Tsokos K. A.
Published: November 2012

Now available as a full-colour version, this best-selling fifth edition has been written for the IB student and covers the entire IB syllabus, including all the options at both Standard Level and Higher Level. The student-friendly design makes this comprehensive book easy to use and the accessible language ensures that the material is also suitable for students whose first language is not English. It includes: answers to the end-of-chapter questions; worked examples highlighting important results, laws, definitions and formulae; and a glossary of key terms.
Machine Learning
Authors: Flach Peter
Published: November 2012

As one of the most comprehensive machine learning texts around, this book does justice to the field's incredible richness, but without losing sight of the unifying principles. Peter Flach's clear, example-based approach begins by discussing how a spam filter works, which gives an immediate introduction to machine learning in action, with a minimum of technical fuss. Flach provides case studies of increasing complexity and variety with well-chosen examples and illustrations throughout. He covers a wide range of logical, geometric and statistical models and state-of-the-art topics such as matrix factorisation and ROC analysis. Particular attention is paid to the central role played by features. The use of established terminology is balanced with the introduction of new and useful concepts, and summaries of relevant background material are provided with pointers for revision if necessary. These features ensure Machine Learning will set a new standard as an introductory textbook.
Exploring Language in a Multilingual Context
Authors: Migge Bettina , Léglise Isabelle
Published: November 2012

Proposing a new methodological approach to documenting languages spoken in multilingual societies, this book retraces the investigation of one unique linguistic space, the Creole varieties referred to as Takitaki in multilingual French Guiana. It illustrates how interactional sociolinguistic, anthropological linguistic, discourse analytical and quantitative sociolinguistic approaches can be integrated with structural approaches to language in order to resolve rarely discussed questions systematically (what are the outlines of the community, who is a rightful speaker, what speech should be documented) that frequently crop up in projects of language documentation in multilingual contexts. The authors argue that comprehensively documenting complex linguistic phenomena requires taking into account the views of all local social actors (native and non-native speakers, institutions, linguists, non-speakers, etc.), applying a range of complementary data collection and analysis methods and putting issues of ideology, variation, language contact and interaction centre stage. This book will be welcomed by researchers in sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, fieldwork studies, language documentation and language variation and change.
Practical Body MRI
Authors: Grand David J. , Woodfield Courtney A. , Mayo-Smith William W.
Published: November 2012

Practical Body MRI: Protocols, Applications and Image Interpretation demystifies MRI examinations of the abdomen and pelvis, giving the essential knowledge required by radiologists in order to develop and select appropriate protocols, assess scan quality and interpret imaging studies. Each chapter describes why each sequence is performed, what to look for, and how the important findings from each sequence lead to a unique diagnosis. Numerous protocols are included, from the more common, such as liver and renal MRI, to more tailored examinations such as rectal and placental MRI. All protocols are richly illustrated with images of body MR pathology. A separate chapter discusses MRA/MRV and an introductory chapter gives a brief, practical introduction to MRI physics and receiver coils. The authors' expertise and practical, concise explanations of both protocols and image interpretation makes this an essential resource for residents, fellows and experienced radiologists using body MRI for the first time.
The Philosophy of Hebrew Scripture
Authors: Hazony Yoram
Published: November 2012

What if the Hebrew Bible wasn't meant to be read as 'revelation'? What if it's not really about miracles or the afterlife – but about how to lead our lives in this world? The Philosophy of Hebrew Scripture proposes a new framework for reading the Bible. It shows how biblical authors used narrative and prophetic oratory to advance universal arguments about ethics, political philosophy and metaphysics. It offers bold new studies of biblical narratives and prophetic poetry, transforming forever our understanding of what the stories of Abel, Abraham, Jacob, Joseph, Moses and David and the speeches of Isaiah and Jeremiah, were meant to teach. The Philosophy of Hebrew Scripture assumes no belief in God or other religious commitment. It assumes no previous background in Bible. It is free of disciplinary jargon. Open the door to a book you never knew existed. You'll never read the Bible the same way again.
Harrison Birtwistle's Operas and Music Theatre
Authors: Beard David
Published: November 2012

David Beard presents the first definitive survey of Harrison Birtwistle's music for the opera house and theatre, from his smaller-scale works, such as Down by the Greenwood Side and Bow Down, to the full-length operas, such as Punch and Judy, The Mask of Orpheus and Gawain. Blending source study with both music analysis and cultural criticism, the book focuses on the sometimes tense but always revealing relationship between abstract musical processes and the practical demands of narrative drama, while touching on theories of parody, narrative, pastoral, film, the body and community. Each stage work is considered in terms of its own specific musico-dramatic themes, revealing how compositional scheme and dramatic conception are intertwined from the earliest stages of a project's genesis. The study draws on a substantial body of previously undocumented primary sources and goes beyond previous studies of the composer's output to include works unveiled from 2000 onwards.
Rethinking Anti-Americanism
Authors: Friedman Max Paul
Published: November 2012

'Anti-Americanism' is an unusual expression; although stereotypes and hostility exist toward every nation, we do not hear of 'anti-Italianism' or 'anti-Brazilianism'. Only Americans have elevated such sentiment to the level of a world view, an explanatory factor so significant as to merit a name - an 'ism' - usually reserved for comprehensive ideological systems or ingrained prejudice. This book challenges the scholarly consensus that blames criticism of the United States on foreigners' irrational resistance to democracy and modernity. Tracing 200 years of the concept of anti-Americanism, this book argues that it has constricted political discourse about social reform and US foreign policy, from the War of 1812 and the Mexican War to the Cold War, from Guatemala and Vietnam to Iraq. Research in nine countries in five languages, with attention to diplomacy, culture, migration and the circulation of ideas, shows that the myth of anti-Americanism has often damaged the national interest.
Opera in the Age of Rousseau
Authors: Charlton David
Published: November 2012

Historians of French politics, art, philosophy and literature have long known the tensions and fascinations of Louis XV's reign, the 1750s in particular. David Charlton's study comprehensively re-examines this period, from Rameau to Gluck and elucidates the long-term issues surrounding opera. Taking Rousseau's Le Devin du Village as one narrative centrepiece, Charlton investigates this opera's origins and influences in the 1740s and goes on to use past and present research to create a new structural model that explains the elements of reform in Gluck's tragédies for Paris. Charlton's book opens many new perspectives on the musical practices and politics of the period, including the Querelle des Bouffons. It gives the first detailed account of intermezzi and opere buffe performed by Eustachio Bambini's troupe at the Paris Opéra from August 1752 to February 1754 and discusses Rameau's comedies Platée and Les Paladins and their origins.
Roots of English
Authors: Tagliamonte Sali A.
Published: November 2012

What is the explanation for the nature, character and evolution of the many different varieties of English in the world today? Which changes in the English language are the legacy of its origins and which are the product of novel influences in the places to which it was transported? Roots of English is a groundbreaking investigation into four dialects from parts of northern Britain out of which came the founding populations of many regions in other parts of the world. Sali Tagliamonte comprehensively describes and analyses the key features of the dialects and their implications for subsequent developments of English. Her examination of dialect features contributes substantive evidence for assessing and understanding bigger issues in sociolinguistic theory. Based on exciting new findings, the book will appeal to those interested in dialects, from the Anglophile to the syntactician.
Making Democratic Governance Work
Authors: Norris Pippa
Published: November 2012

Is democratic governance good for economic prosperity? Does it accelerate progress towards social welfare and human development? Does it generate a peace-dividend and reduce conflict at home? Within the international community, democracy and governance are widely advocated as intrinsically desirable goals. Nevertheless, alternative schools of thought dispute their consequences and the most effective strategy for achieving critical developmental objectives. This book argues that both liberal democracy and state capacity need to be strengthened to ensure effective development, within the constraints posed by structural conditions. Liberal democracy allows citizens to express their demands, hold public officials to account and rid themselves of ineffective leaders. Yet rising public demands that cannot be met by the state generate disillusionment with incumbent officeholders, the regime, or ultimately the promise of liberal democracy ideals. Thus governance capacity also plays a vital role in advancing human security, enabling states to respond effectively to citizen's demands.
Oaths and the English Reformation
Authors: Gray Jonathan Michael
Published: November 2012

The practice of swearing oaths was at the centre of the English Reformation. On the one hand, oaths were the medium through which the Henrician regime implemented its ideology and secured loyalty among the people. On the other, they were the tool by which the English people embraced, resisted and manipulated royal policy. Jonathan Michael Gray argues that since the Reformation was negotiated through oaths, their precise significance and function are central to understanding it fully. Oaths and the English Reformation sheds new light on the motivation of Henry VIII, the enforcement of and resistance to reform and the extent of popular participation and negotiation in the political process. Placing oaths at the heart of the narrative, this book argues that the English Reformation was determined as much by its method of implementation and response as it was by the theology or political theory it transmitted.
The English Village Community Examined in its Relation to the Manorial and Tribal Systems and to the Common or Open Field System of Husbandry
Authors: Seebohm Frederic
Published: November 2012

The Yorkshire-born barrister, banker and economic historian Frederic Seebohm (1833–1912) first came to attention with his work on the Reformation intellectuals Colet, Erasmus and More. In this work, first published and then reissued in 1883, Seebohm's focus is on the agrarian history of medieval England, with special reference to problems of early land tenure and the social system that developed from it. Seebohm stresses the continuity between Roman settlement and English villages, and he regards the manor, whose lands were cultivated by serfs, as the original form of landed property among the Anglo-Saxons and other Germanic peoples. He was the first British historian to provide a detailed description of the structure and economic life of the large manor, based on the unpaid labour of the serfs, and of the relations between the manor and the community. The book remains an influential treatment of the feudal system.
Making Sense of Public Opinion
Authors: Strauss Claudia
Published: November 2012

Questions about immigration and social welfare programs raise the central issues of who belongs to a society and what its members deserve. Yet the opinions of the American public about these important issues seem contradictory and confused. Claudia Strauss explains why: public opinion on these issues and many others is formed not from liberal or conservative ideologies but from diverse vernacular discourses that may not fit standard ideologies but are easy to remember and repeat. Drawing on interviews with people from various backgrounds, Strauss identifies and describes 59 conventional discourses about immigration and social welfare and demonstrates how we acquire conventional discourses from our opinion communities. Making Sense of Public Opinion: American Discourses about Immigration and Social Programs explains what conventional discourses are, how to study them, and why they are fundamental elements of public opinion and political culture.
Memoir of Madame Jenny Lind-Goldschmidt
Authors: Holland Henry Scott , Rockstro William Smith
Published: November 2012

Jenny Lind (1820–87) was one of Europe's most famous opera singers. Known as the 'Swedish Nightingale', she first rose to prominence in an 1838 performance of Weber's Freischütz. Despite her immense success over the next ten years, she retired from the stage at the age of twenty-nine. Seeking financial security to pursue her charitable interests, in 1850 she accepted the invitation of impresario P. T. Barnum to undertake a tour of the United States; this was another succession of triumphs. Henry Scott Holland (1847–1918), the theologian and social reformer, and music writer William Smith Rockstro (1823–95) used Lind's own documents, letters and diaries as the basis of this two-volume memoir, published in 1891, which focuses on the first thirty-one years of her life. Volume 2 discusses some of Lind's most memorable performances in Europe and the reasons for her first retirement; it ends with her departure for America.
Australia Twice Traversed
Authors: Giles Ernest
Published: November 2012

Ernest Powell Giles (1835–97) is best remembered as one of the first explorers of South Australia. Powell emigrated to Australia with his parents in 1850, settling in Adelaide. From 1861 he was leading small-scale expeditions along the Darling River, searching for land suitable for cultivation. Following the completion of the Overland Telegraph Line between Adelaide and Darwin in 1872, Powell embarked on five expeditions attempting to discover an overland route between Adelaide and Perth. These volumes, first published in 1889, provide a detailed and dramatic account of his discoveries. Based on Powell's personal journals, these volumes describe in vivid detail the hardships and dangers of exploration in Australia in the nineteenth century, while providing an evocative description of the South Australian landscape before colonisation. Volume 1 contains Powell's account of his first two unsuccessful expeditions of 1872 and 1873, including his discovery of the Gibson Desert and Lake Amadeus.
Testimonies
Authors: Harris J. Rendel , Burch Vacher
Published: November 2012

In this two-volume work, J. Rendel Harris (1852–1941) fundamentally shaped Biblical scholarship in the twentieth century, arguing for the existence of a 'first known treatise on Christian theology', antedating the New Testament. A palaeographer, Harris examined recurring textual corruptions of Old Testament passages in early Christian writers and surmised an underlying collection, which he called the 'Testimony Book'. The book, Harris believed, collected Biblical testimonia - passages prophesying Christ - in order to prove the legitimacy of the new Christian faith. These arguments against Judaic theology marked, in Harris's opinion, the beginnings of the Christian written tradition. Volume 1 (1916) lays the groundwork for Harris's argument by examining the use of testimonia in early Christian writers like Cyprian and Gregory of Nyssa. 'The starting point of the modern study of the use of the Old Testament in the New', this is a work of enduring importance to religion scholars.
Lectures on the Ethics of T. H. Green, Mr Herbert Spencer, and J. Martineau
Authors: Sidgwick Henry
Published: November 2012

One of the most influential of the Victorian philosophers, Henry Sidgwick (1838–1900) also made important contributions to fields such as economics, political theory, and classics. An active champion of higher education for women, he founded Cambridge's Newnham College in 1871. He attended Rugby School and then Trinity College, Cambridge, where he remained his whole career. In 1859 he took up a lectureship in classics, and held this post for ten years. In 1869, he moved to a lectureship in moral philosophy, the subject where he left his greatest mark. Published posthumously in 1902, this work is Sidgwick's expository critique of the leading schools of thought that had emerged to rival his philosophy of utilitarianism, which he had presented previously in his masterpiece The Methods of Ethics (also reissued in this series).
Episodes in the Lives of Men, Women, and Lovers
Authors: Simcox Edith Jemima
Published: November 2012

Edith Simcox (1844–1901) was a prominent British feminist, social critic and prolific writer. She published many articles and essays advocating support for women's right to education, improved working conditions and suffrage. Her scholarly works in philosophy and economic history sought to demonstrate that contemporary capitalism was not the only route to a prosperous society. Her articles appeared in many periodicals and among her books are Natural Law (1877) and the two-volume Primitive Civilizations (1894), both also reissued in this series. Simcox was an admirer and friend of the novelist George Eliot (1819–80), and her second book, published in 1882, is a collection of essays on a range of subjects, some of which were inspired by events in Eliot's life. Simcox uses her writings to explore melancholy, love, loss and longing through stories and sketches. For more information on this author, see
http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=simced
The Science of Ethics
Authors: Stephen Leslie
Published: November 2012

Leslie Stephen (1832–1904) was an English biographer, and a writer on philosophy, ethics and literature. He was educated at Eton, King's College, London, and then Trinity College in Cambridge, where he remained as a fellow and a tutor for his entire career. He was also a keen mountaineer, taking part in first ascents of nine peaks in the Alps. He served as the first editor (1885–91) of the Dictionary of National Biography and in 1871 he became editor of the Cornhill Magazine. During his eleven-year tenure he wrote two successful books on ethics, of which this work, published in 1882, was one. It was widely adopted as a standard textbook on moral philosophy, and became one of the most influential publications on the ideas of evolutionary ethics that had been inspired by Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
The Presuppositions of Critical History
Authors: Bradley F. H.
Published: November 2012

This work combines two early pamphlets by F. H. Bradley (1846–1924), the foremost philosopher of the British Idealist movement. The first essay, published in 1874, deals with the nature of professional history, and foreshadows some of Bradley's later ideas in metaphysics. He argues that history cannot be subjected to scientific scrutiny because it is not directly available to the senses, meaning that all history writing is inevitably subjective. Though not widely discussed at the time of publication, the pamphlet was influential on historian and philosopher R. G. Collingwood. The second pamphlet is Bradley's critique of Henry Sidgwick's The Methods of Ethics. Sidgwick was the first to propose the paradox of hedonism, which is the idea in ethics that pleasure can only be acquired indirectly. Published in 1877, this work is divided into three parts, treating Sidgwick's definitions, arguments, and his view of ethical science.
Maori Religion and Mythology
Authors: Shortland Edward
Published: November 2012

First published in 1882, Edward Shortland's study is an important account of Maori mythology, religion and concepts of authority. Shortland (1812–93), an English-born physician and ethnographer, first arrived in New Zealand in 1841 to work for the newly formed colonial government. He later served as a government interpreter, Sub-Protector of Aborigines, and Native Secretary during his time in New Zealand and spent much of his career interacting with Maori. This concise book is the result of years of careful research into Maori beliefs and customs, based on narratives and songs dictated to Shortland, or written down for him to translate. It includes a particularly detailed account of Maori cosmogony, lists of Maori vocabulary relating to kinship and to the spirit world, several karakia (prayers) and extensive notes on the naming and claiming of land and the Maori understanding of land tenure.
The Power of Oratory in the Medieval Muslim World
Authors: Jones Linda G.
Published: November 2012

Oratory and sermons had a fixed place in the religious and civic rituals of pre-modern Muslim societies and were indispensable for transmitting religious knowledge, legitimising or challenging rulers and inculcating the moral values associated with being part of the Muslim community. While there has been abundant scholarship on medieval Christian and Jewish preaching, Linda G. Jones's book is the first to consider the significance of the tradition of pulpit oratory in the medieval Islamic world. Traversing Iberia and North Africa from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries, the book analyses the power of oratory, the ritual juridical and rhetorical features of pre-modern sermons and the social profiles of the preachers and orators who delivered them. The biographical and historical sources, which form the basis of this remarkable study, shed light on different regional practices and the juridical debates between individual preachers around correct performance.
Naturalism and Agnosticism
Authors: Ward James
Published: November 2012

James Ward (1843–1925) was Professor of Mental Philosophy and Logic at the University of Cambridge. First published in 1899, this two-volume work consists of his Gifford Lectures, delivered between 1896 and 1898, in which he criticises Naturalism (the belief that all phenomena are governed by the laws of science, and that the supernatural cannot exist), and Agnosticism (the belief that the existence of spiritual phenomena cannot be proved or disproved), in favour of Idealism, in which spiritual and non-material phenomena are central to human experience. The lectures in Volume 1 set Naturalism and Agnosticism within the context of the Mechanical Theory, arguing against its claim that experience can be fully described in terms of mechanical concepts such as motion, energy and force. Exploring the ideas of prominent thinkers such as Newton, Huxley and Spencer, these thought-provoking discussions continue to inform and evoke debate among philosophers and natural scientists.
Wordsworth and the Enlightenment Idea of Pleasure
Authors: Boyson Rowan
Published: November 2012

Ancient questions about the causes and nature of pleasure were revived in the eighteenth century with a new consideration of its ethical and political significance. Rowan Boyson reminds us that philosophers of the Enlightenment, unlike modern thinkers, often represented pleasure as shared rather than selfish, and she focuses particularly on this approach to the philosophy and theory of pleasure. Through close reading of Enlightenment and Romantic texts, in particular the poetry and prose of William Wordsworth, Boyson elaborates on this central theme. Covering a wide range of texts by philosophers, theorists and creative writers from over the centuries, she presents a strong defence of the Enlightenment ideal of pleasure, drawing out its rich political, as well as intellectual and aesthetic, implications.
Memoirs of Rear-Admiral Sir W. Edward Parry
Authors: Parry Edward
Published: November 2012

Written by his son, the Rev. Edward Parry, this 1857 memoir describes the life and times of Rear-Admiral Sir W. Edward Parry (1790–1855), the British naval officer and Arctic explorer. The work describes how Parry became a successful pioneer of Arctic enterprise, having in 1827 attempted one of the earliest expeditions to the North Pole, setting a record which then stood for fifty years. Reflecting the religious side of Parry's character, the book demonstrates how he was a constant promoter of the welfare of his crews. From Parry's childhood years, the book traces the explorer's distinguished career in the Navy, his meticulous scientific work and his long and usually dangerous voyages and expeditions. Alongside his professional successes, including his knighthood in 1829, the book gives insights into the difficulties of his private life, including the tragic deaths of his first wife and of some of his children.
The Arctic Voyages of Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, 1858–1879
Authors: Leslie Alexander
Published: November 2012

The explorer and geologist Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld (1832–1901) led the expedition that first successfully navigated the North-East Passage and circumnavigated the Eurasian continent. This famous expedition took place in 1878–80, on the steamship Vega. However, prior to this expedition, Nordenskiöld had been on a number of voyages to the Arctic, where comprehensive scientific surveys were carried out. This book, first published in 1879, describes his previous voyages, including those to Spitzbergen and Greenland. It was compiled by Alexander Leslie using Nordenskiöld's own reports, and contains a great deal of historically valuable information. It details encounters with natives met during the voyages and contains the official report of the Medical Officer, Dr Envall, on the health, hygiene and care of the sick during the Swedish Polar Expedition 1872–3. It also includes a list of books and memoirs relating to the Swedish Arctic expeditions and biographical information about Nordenskiöld.