bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Ptolemaic and Roman Sites in the Central Eastern Desert
Authors: Sidebotham Steven E. , Barnard Hans , Gates-Foster Jennifer E. , Zitterkopf Ronald E.
Published: November 2022

The University of Delaware conducted numerous surveys in the Eastern Desert between 1987 and 2015. This contribution examines eight sites studied between 1990 and 1999 that lay east of the Nile city of Qena in Upper Egypt. They include mines, quarries, and road infrastructure (forts and accommodations for transport animals) that supported these mineral extraction activities. Sites throughout the region range from pre-historic to Islamic and modern, but this study focuses only on those from the Ptolemaic and Roman periods.

Examination of sites presented here expands our knowledge of the economic importance of this area of the Eas- tern Desert, dominated by mines and quarries and the infrastructure that facilitated exploitation of mineral resources and their transport to the Nile valley city of Qena.

 

أجرت جامعة ديلاوير العديد من أعمال المسح الأثري في الصحراء الشرقية بين عامي 1987 و2015. تتناول هذه المقالة ثمانية مواقع تمت دراستها بين عامي 1990 و1999 وتقع شرق مدينة قنا في صعيد مصر. وهي تشمل المناجم والمحاجر والبنية التحتية للطرق (الحصون وأماكن إقامة الحيوانات التي كانت تستخدم للنقل) التي دعمت أنشطة استخراج المعادن. تتراوح المواقع في جميع أنحاء المنطقة من فترة ما قبل

التاريخ إلى العصر الإسلامي والحديث، لكن هذه الدراسة تركز فقط على تلك التي تعود إلى الفترتين البطلمية والرومانية. إن فحص المواقع المعروضة هنا يوسع معرفتنا بالأهمية الاقتصادية لهذه المنطقة من الصحراء الشرقية، والتي تسودها المناجم والمحاجر

والبنية التحتية التي سهلت استغلال الموارد المعدنية ونقلها إلى مدينة قنا.
Review of he Architecture of Imperialism: Military Bases and the Evolution of Foreign Policy in Egypt’s New Kingdom; and Ancient Egyptian Imperialism
Authors: Smith Stuart Tyson
Published: November 2022

Ellen Morris, The Architecture of Imperialism: Military Bases and the Evolution of Foreign Policy in Egypt’s New Kingdom. Leiden: Brill, 2005. Probleme der Ägyptologie 22. ISBN 90-04-1406-0. Pp ix + 891, 63 black and white illustrations. $451.00.

Ellen Morris, Ancient Egyptian Imperialism. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2018. ISBN 9781405136785. Pp xi + 320, numerous black and white illustrations. $99.95; Pbk $39.95.
Fysisk aktivitet og ensomhet blant unge studenter under koronapandemien
Authors: Carlsen Håvard , Mehus Ingar
Published: November 2022

Denne studien undersøker om det er en sammenheng mellom fysisk aktivitet og ensomhet blant unge studenter, kontrollert for andre faktorer som har vist seg å ha sammenheng med ensomhet i gruppen. Undersøkelsen har utgangspunkt i at ensomhet er en følelse som kan føre til en rekke negative helsekonsekvenser og at studenter er en gruppe som kan være spesielt utsatt for ensomhet. Utvalget (N=1733) bestod av studenter mellom aldrene 18 og 34 år (M = 21,9, SD = 2,5) der 51,4% hadde høy ensomhet (M = 44,8, SD = 11,3). Resultatene viser at studenter som trener er mindre ensomme sammenlignet med studenter som ikke trener. Idrettsdeltakelse ser ut til å kunne beskytte mot ensomhet, men ikke ved tidlig frafall. Sosial kompetanse og sosiale relasjoner beskytter studenter mot ensomhet, mens sjenanse, grubling og koronapandemien bidrar til økt ensomhet. Studien viser at det er et sterkt behov for inngripende tiltak i studentpopulasjonen for å begrense følelser av ensomhet.
Insulin sensitivity is preserved in mice made obese by feeding a high starch diet
Authors: Brandon Amanda E , Small Lewin , Nguyen Tuong-Vi , Suryana Eurwin , Gong Henry , Yassmin Christian , Hancock Sarah E , Pulpitel Tamara , Stonehouse Sophie , Prescott Letisha , Kebede Melkam A , Yau Belinda , Quek Lake-Ee , Kowalski Greg M , Bruce Clinton R , Turner Nigel , Cooney Gregory J
Published: November 2022

Obesity is generally associated with insulin resistance in liver and muscle and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, however there is a population of obese people that remain insulin sensitive. Similarly, recent work suggests that mice fed high carbohydrate diets can become obese without apparent glucose intolerance. To investigate this phenomenon further, we fed mice either a high fat (Hi-F) or high starch (Hi-ST) diet and measured adiposity, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and tissue lipids compared to control mice fed a standard laboratory chow. Both Hi-ST and Hi-F mice accumulated a similar amount of fat and tissue triglyceride compared to chow-fed mice. However, while Hi-F diet mice developed glucose intolerance as well as liver and muscle insulin resistance (assessed via euglycaemic/hyperinsulinaemic clamp), obese Hi-ST mice maintained glucose tolerance and insulin action similar to lean, chow-fed controls. This preservation of insulin action despite obesity in Hi-ST mice was associated with differences in de novo lipogenesis and levels of C22:0 ceramide in liver and C18:0 ceramide in muscle. This indicates that dietary manipulation can influence insulin action independently of the level of adiposity and that the presence of specific ceramide species correlates with these differences.
Phase separation of competing memories along the human hippocampal theta rhythm
Authors: Kerrén Casper , van Bree Sander , Griffiths Benjamin J , Wimber Maria
Published: November 2022

Competition between overlapping memories is considered one of the major causes of forgetting, and it is still unknown how the human brain resolves such mnemonic conflict. In the present magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we empirically tested a computational model that leverages an oscillating inhibition algorithm to minimise overlap between memories. We used a proactive interference task, where a reminder word could be associated with either a single image (non-competitive condition) or two competing images, and participants were asked to always recall the most recently learned word–image association. Time-resolved pattern classifiers were trained to detect the reactivated content of target and competitor memories from MEG sensor patterns, and the timing of these neural reactivations was analysed relative to the phase of the dominant hippocampal 3 Hz theta oscillation. In line with our pre-registered hypotheses, target and competitor reactivations locked to different phases of the hippocampal theta rhythm after several repeated recalls. Participants who behaviourally experienced lower levels of interference also showed larger phase separation between the two overlapping memories. The findings provide evidence that the temporal segregation of memories, orchestrated by slow oscillations, plays a functional role in resolving mnemonic competition by separating and prioritising relevant memories under conditions of high interference.
Efficacy of Nucleic Acid Extraction by Manual versus Automated Magnetic Bead-based Method to Detect SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bhargav Rakhi , Chaudhary Nisha , Rathore Sugandh , Kumar Bitesh , Katara Pradhumn , Sharan Hariom
Published: November 2022

Introduction: In December 2019, a rapid spread of highly infectious, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in Wuhan, China. The gold standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is nucleic acid amplification technology by detecting its viral Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) from respiratory swabs (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) whose specificity is approximately 95%. Magnetic bead RNA extraction was benchmarked against the commercial QIAcube extraction platform. Aim: To compare the efficacy of nucleic acid extraction by manual method and automated magnetic bead-based method to detect SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods: The present observational comparative study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Autonomous State Medical College, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Duration of the study was from February to March 2022. A total of 470 oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal samples were included in this study to observe the efficacy of nucleic acid extraction by manual extraction and automated extraction for SARS-CoV-2. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel software and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Results: During this study period, a total of 470 individual samples were tested in 94 pools. Out of these 470 individuals, 331 were males (70.5%) and 139 were females (29.5%). All 94 pools were found negative by both automatic and manual extraction methods. Envelope (E) gene was found in one pool (1.06%) by the manual RNA extraction method. E gene was absent in 93 pools (98.94%) by manual method. Internal control was found highest in 88 pools (93.62%) by the automated extraction method. Conclusion: Automated workflows avoid human error from the sample processing pipeline and also ensure as well as enhance the meaningful output, diagnostic precision, and testing capacity. Automated instruments are in wide usage because of their capability of processing thousands of samples per day with the support of minimal staff.
Exploring the Personality Profile of Selected Korean Drama (K-Drama) Fans in the Philippines Using the HEXACO Model
Authors: Fabella Frederick Edward T.
Published: November 2022

This is a descriptive correlational study that attempted to investigate the personality profile of Korean Drama (K-drama) fans in the Philippines, which was conducted in October of 2022. The HEXACO Personality Inventory – Revised, 60-item short version was used which consists of 6 domain scales, namely: Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience. A researcher-made 15-item K-drama Enjoyment Questionnaire was created measuring the respondents’ degree of enjoyment of the 15 popular attributes of K-dramas. Through purposive self-selection, 70 K-drama fans volunteered to answer the online version of these 2 questionnaires. Between K-drama Enjoyment Questionnaire scores and their HEXACO scores in Humility-Honesty, Emotionality and Conscientiousness, low positive relationships were found, with the strongest positive relationship observed in Emotionality. While between K-drama Enjoyment Questionnaire scores and HEXACO scores in Extraversion, Agreeableness and Openness to Experience, low negative relationships were found, with the strongest negative relationship observed in Extraversion.
Contributions of Ethiopian Women in Farming and Its Allied Fields
Authors: Chandel Ajitesh Singh , Bedecha Tariku Gemede , Hordofa Esayas Girma , Mathewos Markos , Leta Daba Biru
Published: November 2022

Women are active participants in almost every aspect of agricultural activity around the world. However, due to the deep-rooted gender division of labor in developing countries, their contribution is underestimated. Despite having the fastest growing economy in the world, Ethiopia is still one of the poorest nations. It is vulnerable to weather-related shocks and suffers from widespread food insecurity, particularly among rural populations and smallholder farmers. In Ethiopia, women farmers perform 75 percent of farm labor, which accounts for 70 percent of household food production, but they typically produce up to 35 percent less than male farmers because they have less access to extension services. Therefore, the study focused on reflecting on the role of women in Ethiopian agriculture. This study was conducted at Oda Dawt Kebele, Teyo District, Arsi Zone, and the Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia. The main objective of the study was to identify and examine the role of women in agriculture. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to collect data from primary and secondary sources. The researcher used a simple random sampling technique and chose 405 women as the sample size. The questionnaires were written in English for data collection and then translated into the local Afan Oromo language for easier comprehension by respondents. The data collected was also analyzed using a variety of statistical techniques. The main objectives of this evidence-based study were to identify and examine the role of women in agriculture and related sectors. The study results suggest that women play an important role in farming activities that are underestimated. In general, the study emphasizes the importance of the male and female workforce for the economic or agricultural sector. Recognition of the roles and contributions of women in social and economic development, particularly by planners and policymakers, to improve the status of women and increase food security at household and national levels. The purpose of this study is to highlight the important role of women in agricultural activities as the number of studies on the role of women in agriculture increases. In addition, the results of this research could be useful for planners, decision-makers, and practitioners as effective use of women's labor power are required. In general, the study discovers or emphasizes the importance of the female labor force, as opposed to the male labor force, in contributing to the economic activity of the agricultural sector.
Measurement of Radioactivity Concentration in Pegmatite Rock Samples and Dose Assessment from Wamba in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Fasiku Taiwo Bukola , Fasasi Musbau Kewulere , Amosun Adebimpe Amos
Published: November 2022

Aims: To evaluate the radiological impact parameters on mine workers.

Study Design: The research work was carried out by using a gamma–ray spectrometer with a NaI (TI) detector.

Place and Duration of Study: Centre for Energy and Research Development (CERD), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile- Ife, Osun State, Nigeria between September 2016 and June 2017.

Methodology: The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were determined in ten samples which were used to evaluate the absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indices, representative level index, and annual effective dose equivalent.

Results: The average activity concentrations of 226Ra (24068.11, 232Th (387.72 , 40K (9509.24) and absorbed dose rate (11720.77) were higher than their respective recommended world mean values of 35 , 45 , 420  and 59  by UNSCEAR. The mean values of radium equivalent activity, external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), representative level index, and annual effective dose equivalent of the area under study were determined as 25346.82, 68.52, 135.43, 357.95, and 14374.36 respectively. This study revealed that all the radiological parameters were higher than their respective recommended world average values.

Conclusion: With the high concentrations obtained in this study, it is therefore concluded that this may pose a serious health risk to the miners and the general public. It is therefore advised that necessary guidelines should be provided for the exploration of minerals in this mining site.
Association of Morphological and Biochemical Trais by Different Treatments of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) cv. Crimson Globe under Alkaline Conditions of Telangana, India
Authors: Mounika Vadde , Sathish Gokenapally , Narayana Dharavath Lakshmi , Srinivas Jogdhande , Gouthami P. , Gowd Talamarla Yeswanth Mahidar , Anumala Vivek
Published: November 2022

Beet root is one of the most important root crops with health promoting substances like vitamins, minerals and betalains, grown in northern and southern parts of India. The present study was carried to assess the morphological and biochemical characters by using principal component analysis over eight treatments and twenty-one parameters under alkaline conditions where the pH of soil is around 9.5 in Mojerla, Telangana, India. Principal component analysis accounted 81.57% variation among eight treatments of beet root grown under alkaline conditions. Root yield was observed positive significant with height of the plant, number of leaves/plant, leaf area chlorophyll content index, length of the root, root diameter, root yield/plant, root yield per hectare, root to shoot ratio, harvest index, TSS, ascorbic acid content, betanine content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content (in the soil following crop harvest) and organic carbon (in the soil following crop harvest) whereas negative significant correlation with number of days required for 80% germination, pH and EC. From this experiment it is concluded that increasing in pH and Ec decreasing the yield and yield attributing traits under alkaline conditions of mojerla, Telangana.
Studies on Nutrient and Weed Dynamics on Growth and Yield Attributes of Direct Seeded Rice
Authors: Adilakshmi G. , Sagar G. K. , Chandrika V. , Madhuri K. V. N. , Umamahesh V.
Published: November 2022

Field experiment was carried out during kharif  2020 and 2021 at wetland farm of S. V. agricultural College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The treatments consisted of three main plots viz., 100 % RDF (N1), 125 % RDF (N2) and 150 % RDF (N3) and five sub plots viz., Pre emergence (PE) application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 25 g ha-1 fb penoxsulam + cyhalofop-p-butyl 125 g ha-1 at 20 DAS (W1), Pre emergence (PE) application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 25 g ha-1 fb florpyrauxifenbenzyl + cyhalofop-p-butyl 150 g ha-1 at 20 DAS (W2), Pre emergence (PE) application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 25 g ha-1 fb bispyribac-sodium 20 g  ha-1 at 20 DAS (W3), hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS (W4) and unweeded check (W5). Nutrient levels and weed management practices significantly influenced the growth parameters viz., plant height, number of tillers m-2 and dry matter production and yield attributes viz., number of panicles m-2, total number of grains panicle-1 and number of filled grains panicle-1 of direct seeded rice during both the years of investigation as well as in pooled mean. Interaction effect due to nutrient levels and weed management practices on growth parameters and yield attributes was found to be significant during both the years of study and in the pooled mean.
In vitro Susceptibility Studies of the Extract, Fraction and Cream Formulation of the Leaf of Musa paradisiaca Linn against Known Dermatophytes
Authors: Gideon Asuquo, Ememobong , Ejikeme Udobi, Chinweizu , Okon Eyibio, Okokon
Published: November 2022

Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the in vitro susceptibility of known dermatophytes to Musa paradisiaca leaf extract.

Methodology: The antifungal activity of the methanol extract, aqueous fraction and cream formulation of Musa paradisiaca leaf was established by agar well diffusion method while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth microdilution and broth macrodilution methods respectively.

Results: Results obtained show that all the test organisms had varying degrees of susceptibility which is comparable to that of a standard drug, ketoconazole. Microsporum audounii exhibited the lowest MIC of 25 mg/mL for the aqueous fraction and 50 mg/mL for the cream formulation. The MFC/MIC ratio determined indicates the fungicidal potential of the plant.

Conclusion: The in vitro susceptibility of M. paradisiaca leaf extract to known dermatophytes is an indication of the possible use of the leaf as a potential for the treatment of skin infections due to the tested organisms.
Mining elements of siderophore chirality encoded in microbial genomes
Authors: Butler Alison , Jelowicki Aneta M. , Ogasawara Haley A. , Reitz Zachary L. , Stow Parker R. , Thomsen Emil
Published: November 2022

The vast majority of bacteria require iron to grow. A significant iron acquisition strategy is the production of siderophores, which are secondary microbial metabolites synthesized to sequester iron(III). Siderophore structures encompass a variety of forms, of which highly modified peptidic siderophores are of interest herein. State‐of‐the‐art genome mining tools, such as antiSMASH (antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis SHell), hold the potential to predict and discover new peptidic siderophores, including a combinatoric suite of triscatechol siderophores framed on a triserine‐ester backbone of the general class, (DHB‐l/dCAA‐lSer)3 (CAA, cationic amino acid). Siderophores with l/dArg, l/dLys and lOrn, but not dOrn, were predicted in bacterial genomes. Fortuitously the dOrn siderophore was identified, yet its lack of prediction highlights the limitation of current genome mining tools. The full combinatoric suite of these siderophores, which form chiral iron(III) complexes, reveals stereospecific coordination chemistry encoded in microbial genomes. The chirality embedded in this suite of Fe(III)‐siderophores raises the question of whether the relevant siderophore‐mediated iron acquisition pathways are stereospecific and selective for ferric siderophore complexes of a defined configuration.
Halogenated boroxine increases propensity to apoptosis in leukemia (UT‐7) but not non‐tumor cells in vitro
Authors: Hadzic Maida , Sun Yitong , Tomic Nikolina , Tsirvouli Eirini , Kuiper Martin , Pojskic Lejla
Published: November 2022

A hallmark of the development of solid and hematological malignancies is the dysregulation of apoptosis, which leads to an imbalance between cell proliferation, cell survival and death. Halogenated boroxine [K2(B3O3F4OH)] (HB) is a derivative of cyclic anhydride of boronic acid, with reproducible anti‐tumor and anti‐proliferative effects in different cell models. Notably, these changes are observed to be more profound in tumor cells than in normal cells. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms through an extensive evaluation of (a) deregulated target genes and (b) their interactions and links with main apoptotic pathway genes upon treatment with an optimized concentration of HB. To provide deeper insights into the mechanism of action of HB, we performed identification, visualization, and pathway association of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in regulation of apoptosis among tumor and non‐tumor cells upon HB treatment. We report that HB at a concentration of 0.2 mg·mL−1 drives tumor cells to apoptosis, whereas non‐tumor cells are not affected. Comparison of DEG profiles, gene interactions and pathway associations suggests that the HB effect and tumor‐‘selectivity’ can be explained by Bax/Bak‐independent mitochondrial depolarization by ROS generation and TRAIL‐like activation, followed by permanent inhibition of NFκB signaling pathway specifically in tumor cells.
Consensus of networked double integrator systems under sensor bias
Authors: Sinha Pallavi , Srikant Sukumar , Sinhmar Himani
Published: November 2022

A novel distributed control law for consensus of networked double integrator systems with biased measurements is developed in this article. The agents measure relative positions over a time‐varying, undirected graph with an unknown and constant sensor bias corrupting the measurements. An adaptive control law is derived using Lyapunov methods to estimate the individual sensor biases accurately. The proposed algorithm ensures that position consensus is achieved exponentially in addition to bias estimation. The results leverage recent advances in collective initial excitation‐based results in adaptive estimation. Conditions connecting bipartite graphs and collective initial excitation are also developed. The algorithms are illustrated via simulation studies on a network of double integrators with local communication and biased measurements.
3D Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Contact Lens‐Like Chloramphenicol‐Loaded Patches for Corneal Abrasions Treatment
Authors: Sun Renyuan , Wang Baolin , Li Xinyue , Chang Ming-Wei , Yan Xinghao , Zhang Longfei
Published: November 2022

Corneal abrasion is a common traumatic emergency, which can cause eyelid photophobia, tearing, and obvious foreign body sensation and pain. Herein, the 3D contact lens‐like chloramphenicol‐loaded patches composed of well‐organized micrometer fibers are prepared via electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing to treat corneal abrasions. The main material of these patches is cellulose acetate (CA), and chloramphenicol (CAM) is loaded in the patches. EHD printing can realize micrometer fibers stacked layer by layer to form a customizable shape suitable for eye wear. Herein, the surface morphology, chemical as well as physical properties, transparency, drug release behaviors, and biocompatibility of the patches loading various concentrations of CAM are studied. It is found that the CAM‐loaded patches have 3D hemispherical shape similar to contact lens and smooth surface morphology. Moreover, patches loaded with different concentrations of CAM all maintain good water absorption, hydrophilicity, light transmittance, and biocompatibility. The drug release curves of CAM‐loaded patches show that the contact lens‐like patches have high loading efficiency and can achieve sustained release of CAM, indicating clinical potential in the treatment of corneal abrasions.
Breathable, Flexible, Transparent, Hydrophobic, and Biotic Sustainable Electrodes for Heating and Biopotential Signal Measurement Applications
Authors: Haider Ijlal , Mosallaei Milad , Yiannacou Kyriacos , Vehkaoja Antti , Zakeri Setareh , Sariola Veikko , Sharma Vipul
Published: November 2022

Pressure to reduce the global amount of e‐waste has increased in recent years. The optimal use of natural resources is a demanding area especially due to the overabundance of the use of resources and challenges with after‐life disposal. Herein, an easy method is developed to fabricate an improved version of leaf skeleton‐based biodegradable, transparent, flexible, and hydrophobic electrodes. A fractal‐like rubber leaf skeleton is used as the substrate, physical vapor deposited Au interlayer to promote adhesion, and uniform deposition of overlayer silver nanowires. The fabricated surfaces present a high level of electrical stability, optical transparency, hydrophobicity, and robust mechanical properties. The prepared electrodes demonstrate a comparable level of optical transmittance to the virgin leaf skeleton. The mechanical sturdiness of the electrodes is verified by 1k bending cycles. To demonstrate the functionality of these hybrid biotic conductive network (HBCN) electrodes, their performance is evaluated as flexible transparent heating elements and as biosignal measurement electrodes. The heater can reach a temperature of 140 °C with only 2.5 V in ≈5 s and Ag nanowire loading of ≈160 μg cm−2. Likewise, electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) signals are successfully obtained from the electrodes without using any electrode gel or other electrolytes.
Laser Additive Manufacturing of Low‐Cost Ti–Mo Alloys: Microstructural Evolution, Phase Analysis, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Attar Hooyar , Ehtemam-Haghighi Shima , Kent Damon , Dargusch Matthew S.
Published: November 2022

Design and fabrication of low‐cost biomedical Ti alloys has recently received considerable attention. Herein, additive manufacturing employing laser engineered net shaping (LENS) is used to fabricate low‐cost Ti–5wt%Mo and Ti–10wt%Mo alloys from mixed elemental powders, and the resulting features are studied and compared with those of LENS‐produced commercially pure Ti (CP‐Ti). Optimization of the processing parameters shows that, on increasing Mo, densification is slightly reduced. Phase analysis and microstructural investigations on the Ti–Mo alloys show strong dependency on the level of Mo additions. CP‐Ti sample exhibits an α phase microstructure with mainly coarse and some fine plate‐like features, whereas addition of 5% Mo results in a mixture of acicular α′ distributed within β phase grains. Addition of 10% Mo stabilizes the β phase, while minor peaks indicating the presence of some ω phase are detected by X‐ray phase analysis. Mechanical characterization reveals that Ti–10%Mo has the lowest elastic modulus due to its dominant β phase structure as well as the highest microhardness and yield strength due to solid‐solution strengthening effects from Mo and the presence of the nanoscale ω phase. However, the presence of the ω phase and the slightly lower densification also reduce the deformation strain in comparison to the Ti–5%Mo and CP‐Ti.
Improved Thermal and Mechanical Properties of [Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e−) Electride Ceramic by Adding Mo Metal
Authors: Waetzig Katja , Schilm Jochen , Drobny Christian , Tajmar Martin
Published: November 2022

The low‐work function material [Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e−)—named as C12A7:e‐ or electride—is a promising candidate to replace established materials such as BaO–W or LaB6 electron emitters because of its good reported electron emission in plasma environments and decent chemical inertness. However, it has poor thermal conductivity and low mechanical behavior. Therefore, cracks due to thermal shock occur in applications under thermal load, when used as a thermionic emitter. The addition of a metal with high thermal conductivity to create a ceramic–metal composite (CerMet) is evident. Molybdenum has a very high thermal conductivity and a coefficient of thermal expansion comparable to C12A7:e‐. This allows the crack‐free sintering of a composite ceramic made of C12A7:e‐ and Mo with improved thermal and mechanical properties as well as still low work function of the C12A7:e‐. Herein, the C12A7:e‐/Mo CerMets are characterized in terms of their thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient (CTE), hardness, toughness K1C, and strength as a function of Mo content. The CerMets have been tested in a plasma‐based cathode with disk‐shaped emitters for electron emission characteristics. An optimal range of the Mo content for the stability of the plasma discharge and the required discharge potential has been evaluated.
Rationally Reconstructed Metal–Organic Frameworks as Robust Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Chengxu , Qi Qianglong , Mei Yunjie , Hu Jue , Sun Minzi , Zhang Yingjie , Huang Bolong , Zhang Libo , Yang Shihe
Published: November 2022

Reconstructing metal–organic framework (MOFs) toward a designed framework structure provides breakthrough opportunities to achieve unprecedented oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic performance, but has rarely, if ever, been proposed and investigated yet. Here, the first successful fabrication of a robust OER electrocatalyst by precision reconstruction of an MOF structure is reported, viz., from MOF‐74‐Fe to MIL‐53(Fe)‐2OH with different coordination environments at the active sites. Due to the radically reduced eg–t2g crystal‐field splitting in Fe‐3d and the much suppressed electron‐hopping barriers through the synergistic effects of the O species the efficient OER of in MIL‐53(Fe)‐2OH is guaranteed. Benefiting from this desired electronic structure, the designed MIL‐53(Fe)‐2OH catalyst exhibits high intrinsic OER activity, including a low overpotential of 215 mV at 10 mA cm−2, low Tafel slope of 45.4 mV dec−1 and high turnover frequency (TOF) of 1.44 s−1 at 300 mV overpotential, over 80 times that of the commercial IrO2 catalyst (0.0177 s−1).Consistent with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the real‐time kinetic simulation reveals that the conversion from O* to OOH* is the rate‐determining step on the active sites of MIL‐53(Fe)‐2OH.
Borane‐Catalyzed, HFIP‐Assisted Carbene Insertion into Internal Alkenyl C−H Bonds under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Huang Zilong , Lin Jie , Ma Juan , Wang Liandi , Zhou Yong‐Gui , Yu Zhengkun
Published: November 2022

Carbene insertion into the C(sp2)−H bonds of internal alkenes was enabled in air by HFIP (1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol) as both the mediator and solvent through its cooperation with borane B(C6F5)3 as the catalyst. 3‐Diazooxindoles and 3‐diazoindolin‐2‐imines were amenable to work as the carbene precursors, and α‐oxo ketene dithioacetals acted as the internal alkenes at ambient temperature. The present synthetic protocol features metal‐free conditions, diverse substituent tolerance, and 47–84% yields, offering an efficient route to 3‐vinylated oxindole and indole derivatives.

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Lewis‐Base Dependent (3+3) Annulations of Acetoxy Allenoates with Iminoindolines: α‐Carboline Scaffolds with Varied Substituents
Authors: Debnath Shubham , Kumar A. Sanjeeva , Chauhan Sachin , Kumara Swamy K. C.
Published: November 2022

Lewis base dependent (3+3) annulations of β′/δ‐acetoxy allenoates with iminoindolines offer α‐carbolines with varying substituents depending on the base used as well as subtle changes in the reaction conditions. The phosphine‐catalyzed annulation of δ‐acetoxy allenoates with iminoindolines involves 6‐exo‐trig cyclization, tosyl anion elimination/trapping, and ethyl acetate elimination as key steps in delivering β‐H and γ‐tosyl containing α‐carbolines. An unobvious elimination (by Cα‐Cβ bond cleavage) of the −CH2CO2Et moiety is observed here. The same reactants under DBU catalysis offer α‐carbolines that retain −CH2CO2Et moiety but are devoid of −Ts group via 6‐exo‐dig cyclization. The reaction of β′‐acetoxy allenoate with iminoindolines is completely tertiary amine dependent; the use of DABCO affords tetrahydro‐α‐carbolines exclusively with excellent stereoselectivity while DBU offers substituted α‐carbolines that are distinct from those using DABCO. Several control experiments and HRMS studies have been done in support of a plausible reaction mechanism.

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An Acid Promoted, Domino Approach for the Selective Synthesis of Spirocyclic Systems#
Authors: Yadav Bhavna , Baire Beeraiah
Published: November 2022

Design and development of an acid‐catalyzed domino strategy for the rapid and selective generation of spiro‐polycyclic systems from propargylic alcohols is reported. Isolation of the intermediate olefins and the control experiments suggested and supported the proposed mechanism. The key features of this strategy are the selective access to spiro‐polycyclic systems, broad substrate scope (yields ranging between 50–95%), high atom economy, and operationally simple reaction procedure. We have extended this approach for the synthesis of spiro‐tetracyclic and spiro‐pentacyclic frameworks of dalesconols, and chamaecydin natural products respectively

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Diet influences survival and growth of intensively reared larval saugeye (Sander vitreus × Sander canadensis)
Authors: Fischer Gregory J. , Firkus Tyler J. , Holmes Kendall , Blaufuss Patrick C. , Amberg Jon J. , Hartleb Christopher F.
Published: November 2022

We evaluated the performance of five commercial microstarter diets (Otohime, Gemma Micro, Gemma Wean, Optimal Starter, and Omega One Fry) fed to first feeding larval saugeye Sander vitreus × Sander canadensis. Triplicate tanks of 2500 larvae (initial weight: 2.6 ± 0.6 mg) were stocked at 4 days post‐hatch (DPH) and fed treatment diets for 4 weeks. Fish were randomly sampled each week to monitor growth and development. Superior growth performance was observed in fish fed Otohime and Gemma Micro and was statistically significant as early as 13 DPH. At the conclusion of the trial, fish fed Otohime and Gemma Micro were approximately 3.6 times heavier than fish fed Gemma Wean and Optimal Starter. Survival was highest in fish fed Otohime (39.7% ± 7.1%), with Gemma Micro performing second best (14.1% ± 3.3%). Survival of fish fed Omega One Fry was too low for analysis (0.70 ± 1.1). Incidence of deformity among the dietary treatments ranged from 0% to 10.7%, primarily manifesting as a malformation of the jaw. Our results highlight the importance of diet for successfully raising saugeye through the larval/juvenile stage, and provide key information for this critical bottleneck in percid culture.
Enrichment of iron from bauxite waste in chemical looping combustion
Authors: Huang Neng , Gao Xin , Omosebi Ayokunle , Koumoulis Dimitrios , Liu Kunlei
Published: November 2022

This work reports a method and findings related to the enrichment of iron from bauxite waste (red mud) using chemical looping combustion (CLC). According to the results from X‐ray Diffraction, X‐ray Fluorescence, and scanning electron microscope–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, uniformly distributed iron in the red mud particles migrated outward to the surface during the 148 redox cycles in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor, in which the size‐reduced iron‐oxide particles due to attrition are concentrated in filters. The concentrations of iron oxide in raw particles and attrition fines are 43 wt.% and 83–87 wt.%, respectively. Since the attrition in CLC is inevitable, this recycled iron oxide can be a valuable by‐product to compensate for the cost of CLC, whereas the bed materials continue to participate in the CLC process. Moreover, the abundant bauxite waste can be processed in an eco‐friendly manner for integrated power generation, carbon capture, and iron recovery by the proposed strategy in this work.
Sustainable decision making for chemical process systems via dimensionality reduction of many objective problems
Authors: Russell Justin M. , Allman Andrew
Published: November 2022

Recent global events and the rise of sustainable investing have made clear that the chemical and energy industry must consider sustainability goals beyond profit maximization to remain competitive. Multiobjective optimization provides an ideal framework for analyzing sustainability tradeoffs, but when four or more objectives are considered, the ability to rigorously solve problems and interpret results is lost. This necessitates an approach to systematically reduce the dimensionality of many objective problems to three or fewer objectives. In this work, an algorithm to group objectives based on their correlating nature a priori to solving the full space problem is proposed. It utilizes community detection on a novel weighted objective correlation graph to identify two or three groups of correlated objectives. Results from three representative case studies demonstrate that objective groupings obtained from this algorithm minimize the amount of tradeoff information lost and outperform intuitive groupings by economics or the environment.
Interfacial confined droplet on sessile platform for crystal screening and harvest
Authors: Yuan Zhijie , Wu Mengyuan , Li Zhengtao , Ruan Xuehua , Li Xiangcun , Xiao Wu , Wu Xuemei , Yan Xiaoming , He Gaohong , Jiang Xiaobin
Published: November 2022

The crystallization process in small droplet possessed wide engineering applications in micromaterial fabrication and fine crystal screening. Herein, hydrophilic sessile platform via 3D printing technology was developed to facilely construct the interfacial confined droplets (ICDs) with a designed contact angle by conveniently regulating the droplet volume. The micro‐flows inside the droplet were adjusted by controlling the intensity of Marangoni flow and capillary flow within different droplet shapes (i.e., contact angle), which were verified by experimental and simulative results. Especially for the 120° ICD, the micro‐flows, achieved by the coordination of Marangoni flow and capillary flow, could convey solutes toward droplet center and harvest a standard cubic crystal at sessile platform center. These results indicated that ICD and sessile platform possessed great potential on high‐quality crystal screening and crystallization technique development, which additionally enriched the research strategy on crystal engineering.
Functional molecular cross‐linked zeolite nanosheets heighten ion selectivity and conductivity of flow battery membrane
Authors: Xia Yongsheng , Wang Yan , Xiao Lan , Yu Yunhao , Ji Jinghui , Xia Yu , Qu Kai , Huang Kang , Xing Weihong , Xu Zhi
Published: November 2022

Membranes with high ion selectivity and conductivity are critical for the wide application of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, functional molecular cross‐linked two‐dimensional zeolite nanosheets (ZN) with ‐NH2 and ‐SO3H groups are prepared and incorporated into sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymer matrix. These embedded nanosheets act as strong barrier to vanadium ions, while their internal pores provide transport channels for protons. In addition, the side functional groups grafted on ZN not only effectively enhance the surface affinity, but also bind and arrange the sulfonic acid groups of the polymer matrix to construct a continuous fast proton transfer pathway along the interface between SPEEK and ZN. Consequently, the hybrid membranes exhibit synchronously enhanced conductive‐ion selectivity and impressive performance with coulombic efficiency (CE) of ~99.0% and energy efficiency (EE) of ~85.0% at 120 mA cm−2, which is much higher than these of pure SPEEK (CE: ~97.8%, EE: ~78.4%) and Nafion 212 membranes (CE: ~96.3%, EE: ~80.1%). This functional‐designed hybrid approach provides a general strategy to develop high‐performance proton conductive membranes for energy‐related applications.
1p36 deletion syndrome: Review and mapping with further characterization of the phenotype, a new cohort of 86 patients
Authors: Jacquin Clémence , Landais Emilie , Poirsier Céline , Afenjar Alexandra , Akhavi Ahmad , Bednarek Nathalie , Bénech Caroline , Bonnard Adeline , Bosquet Damien , Burglen Lydie , Callier Patrick , Chantot‐Bastaraud Sandra , Coubes Christine , Coutton Charles , Delobel Bruno , Descharmes Margaux , Dupont Jean‐Michel , Gatinois Vincent , Gruchy Nicolas , Guterman Sarah , Heddar Abdelkader , Herissant Lucas , Heron Delphine , Isidor Bertrand , Jaeger Pauline , Jouret Guillaume , Keren Boris , Kuentz Paul , Le Caignec Cedric , Levy Jonathan , Lopez Nathalie , Manssens Zoe , Martin‐Coignard Dominique , Marey Isabelle , Mignot Cyril , Missirian Chantal , Pebrel‐Richard Céline , Pinson Lucile , Puechberty Jacques , Redon Sylvia , Sanlaville Damien , Spodenkiewicz Marta , Tabet Anne‐Claude , Verloes Alain , Vieville Gaelle , Yardin Catherine , Vialard François , Doco‐Fenzy Martine
Published: November 2022

Chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome (1p36DS) is one of the most common terminal deletion syndromes (incidence between 1/5000 and 1/10,000 live births in the American population), due to a heterozygous deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 1. The 1p36DS is characterized by typical craniofacial features, developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, epilepsy, cardiomyopathy/congenital heart defect, brain abnormalities, hearing loss, eyes/vision problem, and short stature. The aim of our study was to (1) evaluate the incidence of the 1p36DS in the French population compared to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and trisomy 21; (2) review the postnatal phenotype related to microarray data, compared to previously publish prenatal data. Thanks to a collaboration with the ACLF (Association des Cytogénéticiens de Langue Française), we have collected data of 86 patients constituting, to the best of our knowledge, the second‐largest cohort of 1p36DS patients in the literature. We estimated an average of at least 10 cases per year in France. 1p36DS seems to be much less frequent than 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and trisomy 21. Patients presented mainly dysmorphism, microcephaly, developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, epilepsy, brain malformations, behavioral disorders, cardiomyopathy, or cardiovascular malformations and, pre and/or postnatal growth retardation. Cardiac abnormalities, brain malformations, and epilepsy were more frequent in distal deletions, whereas microcephaly was more common in proximal deletions. Mapping and genotype–phenotype correlation allowed us to identify four critical regions responsible for intellectual disability. This study highlights some phenotypic variability, according to the deletion position, and helps to refine the phenotype of 1p36DS, allowing improved management and follow‐up of patients.
Variable phenotype of secondary congenital corneal opacities associated with microphthalmia with linear skin defects syndrome
Authors: Franco Elena , Scanga Hannah L. , Nischal Ken K.
Published: November 2022

To describe the anterior segment (AS) findings in patients with microphthalmia with linear skin defects syndrome (MLS), also known as microphthalmia, dermal aplasia, and sclerocornea (MIDAS). A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify patients with a diagnosis of MLS syndrome seen at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Ophthalmic examination, high‐frequency ultrasound, AS optical coherence tomography, and molecular testing were reviewed. Five female patients (10 eyes) were identified. One eye was anophthalmic, one was in a status post penetrating keratoplasty, and eight eyes presented with congenital corneal opacity (CCO). Of these, one showed a normal lens and a very small faint CCO; five showed congenital aphakia and characteristic silvery appearance of the cornea with vascularization; and two showed irido‐corneal adhesions in association with normal or abnormal lens and localized avascular CCO. Genetic testing was performed and revealed involvement of HCCS in four patients. In MLS patients, kerato‐irido‐lenticular dysgenesis can be associated with secondary CCO. It is important to distinguish these CCO from sclerocornea, in order to refine the appropriate management and counseling the parents about the prognosis.
Reduced synaptic proteins and SNARE complexes in Down syndrome with Alzheimer's disease and the Dp16 mouse Down syndrome model: Impact of APP gene dose
Authors: Chen Xu‐Qiao , Zuo Xinxin , Becker Ann , Head Elizabeth , Mobley William C.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Synaptic failure, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is correlated with reduced levels of synaptic proteins. Though people with Down syndrome (DS) are at markedly increased risk for AD (AD‐DS), few studies have addressed synapse dysfunction.

Methods

Synaptic proteins were measured in the frontal cortex of DS, AD‐DS, sporadic AD cases, and controls. The same proteins were examined in the Dp16 model of DS.

Results

A common subset of synaptic proteins were reduced in AD and AD‐DS, but not in DS or a case of partial trisomy 21 lacking triplication of APP gene. Pointing to compromised synaptic function, the reductions in AD and AD‐DS were correlated with reduced SNARE complexes. In Dp16 mice reductions in syntaxin 1A, SNAP25 and the SNARE complex recapitulated findings in AD‐DS; reductions were impacted by both age and increased App gene dose.

Discussion

Synaptic phenotypes shared between AD‐DS and AD point to shared pathogenetic mechanisms.
A rare case of giant panda cancer: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Yunsheng , Xia Maohua , Li Xiangxiang , Guo Xinxin , Lu Yan , Zhao Sufen , Pu Tianchun
Published: November 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant cancer of the digestive system common among humans. However, it is rarely reported in wild animals. In 2018, a giant panda died in the Beijing Zoo. During subsequent histological observation of the pancreas, it was discovered that the glandular epithelial cells had lost the pancreatic acinar structure, tubular areas with obvious structure in the pancreas, and the ductal epithelium was substituted by high columnar mucus cells. Masson staining showed that there were several fibrous tissue proliferative reactions around the ductal adenocarcinoma and immunohistochemical staining revealed that CK7 and CK19 were positively expressed in the pancreatic tissue. Therefore, the pathological diagnosis indicated that the panda had PDAC. In this paper, the panda's living conditions and pathological diagnosis results are examined, with the aim of providing a reference point for the future diagnosis of wild animal tumors.