bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Distributed Multifactorial Particle Swarm Optimization Approach
Authors: Aboud Ahlem , Rokbani Nizar , Mirjalili Seyedali , Qahtani Abdulrahman M. , Almutiry Omar , dhahri habib , Alimi Adel
Published: December 2021

Multifactorial Optimization (MFO) and Evolutionary Transfer
Optimization (ETO) are new optimization challenging paradigms for which the
multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization system (MOPSO) may be interesting
despite limitations. MOPSO has been widely used in static/dynamic
multi-objective optimization problems, while its potentials for multi-task
optimization are not completely unveiled. This paper proposes a new Distributed
Multifactorial Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (DMFPSO) for multi-task
optimization. This new system has a distributed architecture on a set of
sub-swarms that are dynamically constructed based on the number of optimization
tasks affected by each particle skill factor. DMFPSO is designed to deal with
the issues of handling convergence and diversity concepts separately. DMFPSO
uses Beta function to provide two optimized profiles with a dynamic switching
behaviour. The first profile, Beta-1, is used for the exploration which aims to
explore the search space toward potential solutions, while the second Beta-2
function is used for convergence enhancement. This new system is tested on 36
benchmarks provided by the CEC’2021 Evolutionary Transfer Multi-Objective
Optimization Competition. Comparatives with the state-of-the-art methods are
done using the Inverted General Distance (IGD) and Mean Inverted General
Distance (MIGD) metrics. Based on the MSS metric, this proposal has the best
results on most tested problems.
Imperialismo na América Latina
Authors: Schirmer Muratt Bernardo
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho busca analisar historicamente o capitalismo e sua inserção no subcontinente latino-americano e no Brasil, principalmente dos anos 1970 até a atualidade. A partir disso, buscamos mostrar como funcionam as relações das classes burguesas locais com o Centro capitalista em cada padrão de acumulação no subcontinente. Defende-se aqui uma visão do sistema capitalista como totalidade única em que a reprodução do sistema no Norte Global tem influência significativa nos Estados do Sul. Desse modo podemos mostrar que as burguesias da América Latina e, mais particularmente, a do Brasil possuem fortes vínculos com o Centro. Não podendo serem compreendidas adequadamente se consideradas apenas o cenário político e social circunscrito aos Estados que fazem parte.
Pengaruh Capital Intencity Ratio, Free Cash Flow, Leverage Terhadap Manajemen Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2018-2020
Authors: Sagala Elisabeth , Simbolon Remista
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang: Manajemen merupakan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh manajemen perusahaan untuk memengaruhi laba yang dilaporkan. Variabel yang diduga dapat memengaruhi manajemen laba yaitu capital intencity rasio, free cash flow dan leverage.
Tujuan penelitian: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh capital intencity rasio, free cash flow dan leverage terhadap manajemen laba.
Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) yang tergabung dalam indeks LQ45.
Hasil penelitian: Berdasarkan hasil analisa yang dilakukan uji simultan F didapatkan hasil signifikasi sebesar 0.016 yang lebih kecil dari 0.05 yang berarti bahwa variabel independen (capital intensy rasio, free cash flow dan leverage) berpengaruh terhadap variabel devenden.
Kesimpulan: Variabel independen capital intency rasio berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel dependen manajemen laba. Variabel free cash flow berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap variabel dependen yaitu manajeman laba. Leverage berpengaruh positif  dan tidak signifikan terhadap variabel dependen yaitu manajeman laba.
The Illocutionary Acts Of Written Conversation In Eleventh Grade Senior High School Students’ Textbook : Modul Pengayaan Bahasa Dan Sastra Inggris Peminatan Semester 2
Authors: Seftyan Nugroho Yafet
Published: December 2021

Background: Language is method of human communication. It is used as means to communicate with other people.
Research purposes: to find out the types of illocutionary act in Textbook : Modul Pengayaan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris Peminatan Semester 2,  to identify dominant kinds of illocutionary act in Textbook : Modul Pengayaan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris Peminatan Semester 2.
Research methods: This reseacrh was designed as descriptive qualitative research. The technique of data collecting there are 3 steps. First, the researcher researcher tries to identify the data or the dialogues from the written conversation which are related to the statements of the problems according textbook. Second, the researcher analyzed and classified the types of illocutionary act and the dominant kinds of illocutionary act. Third, the researcher identified the illocutionary act found in Textbook : Modul Pengayaan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris Peminatan Semester 2 based on types of illocutionary acts.
Research results: The total number of types of the data found were 292, there were 34 utterance of declaration, 92 utterances of representative, 48 utterances of expressive, 95 utterances of directives, and 26 utterances of commisive. The dominant type of illocutionary was found is directives with 95 utterences
Conclusion: Those were declarative, representative, expressive, directive, and commisive. To be more specific, there are 40 utterances of declarative, 85 utterances of representative, 53 utterances of expressive, 87 utterances of directive, and 26 utterances of commisive.
Perbandingan Kadar Flavonoid Serbuk Instan Kunyit Putih (Curcuma Zedoaria Rosc.) Yang Beredar Di Pasaran Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-VIS
Authors: Sofihidayati Trirakhma , Wardatun Sri , Suraya Alvia
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang: Minuman herbal siap saji merupakan produk bahan minuman berbentuk serbuk atau granula yang biasa dibuat dari gula dan rempah-rempah yang dicampur menjadi satu dengan atau tanpa penambahan bahan makanan lain. Metode: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perbandingan kadar Flavonoid dari berbagai serbuk instan kunyit putih yang beredar di pasaran dengan merek (I), (II), (III), (IV) dan (V) dengan 2 Batch yang berbeda pada setiap merek dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil: Hasil kadar flavonoid dari serbuk instan kunyit putih berbagai merek yang beredar di pasaran yaitu kadar flavonoid yang paling tinggi terdapat pada sampel merek (I)pada (batch A) dengan kadar sebanyak 5,366% dan (II) pada (batch B) dengan kadar sebanyak 5,423%. Kesimpulan: kadar flavonoid terendah terdapat pada merek (IV) 2,851% (batch B) dan 3,024% (batch A).
Tingkat Kecemasan Perawat Ruang Isolasi Terhadap Risiko Paparan Covid-19 Di RS Advent Medan
Authors: Naibaho Waslen , Sudharmono Untung
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang: COVID-19 adalah penyakit pernapasan (respiration) yang disebabkan oleh virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. Angka kematian pada petugas kesehatan akibat COVID-19 baik dokter, perawat, apoteker dan petugas kesehatan lainnya terus meningkat. Rumah sakit memerlukan tambahan pekerja khususnya perawat untuk menangani kasus COVID-19. Hal ini menyebabkan semakin tingginya resiko perawat terpapar COVID-19. Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur tingkat kecemasan perawat ruang isolasi terhadap risiko paparan COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Advent Medan. Metode : Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menggambarkan tingkat kecemasan perawat yang bekerja di ruang isolasi COVID-19. Subjek dalam penelitian ini 21 orang yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel sampling jenuh. Instrumen untuk mengukur tanda kecemasan baik psikis maupun somatic menggunakan Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) yang terdiri dari 14 item pertanyaan. Hasil : Hasil penelitian ini didapati bahwa perawat yang bekerja di ruang isolasi COVID-19 dalam tingkat kecemasan berat sekali dengan nilai rata-rata 43.33 dan nilai Std. Deviation 31.261. Kesimpulan : Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perawat di ruang isolasi COVID-19 mempunyai kecemasan yang tinggi terhadap resiko paparan COVID-19. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah mencoba Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) untuk menurunkan tingkat kecemasan yang dialami perawat yang bertugas di ruang isolasi.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Fakultas Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Yarsi Mengenai Penggunaan Tripsin Dalam Proses Produksi Vaksin Polio
Authors: Tannia Yolandha , Kusuma Indra , Nur Riani Siti
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang : Vaksin diberikan kepada individu yang sehat guna merangsang munculnya antibodi atau kekebalan tubuh guna mencegah dari infeksi penyakit. Pada pembuatan Vaksin Polio, digunakan enzim tripsin. Tripsin menjadi keprihatinan orang- orang dikarenakan produksi Vaksin Polio melibatkan bahan-bahan asal babi. Hal ini membuat vaksin tidak halal untuk umat Islam. Mahasiswa kedokteran sebagai agent of change ditengah masyarakat kelak harus memahami dan memiliki dasar keilmuan sesuai dengan kompetensinya untuk dapat menjawab kerisauan dan kontroversi mengenai kehalalan Vaksin Polio. Metode : Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan kuesioner. Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran Universitas YARSI tahun pertama dan tahun ketiga yang memenuhi kriteria. Cara pemilihan sampel dengan simple random sampling. Hasil : Penelitian yang dilaksanakan selama 3 hari dengan menggunakan kuesioner, dari 100 responden didapatkan responden tahun ketiga (2016) dengan pengetahuan tripsin yang cukup yaitu sebanyak 45,95% selanjutnya pada pengetahuan tripsin terkategori kurang sebanyak 37,84% dan pada pengetahuan tripsin yang baik hanya 16,22%. Berbeda halnya dengan tahun pertama (2018), didominasi oleh kategori pengetahuan mengenai tripsin kurang dan cukup, dimana pada kedua kategori ini masing-masing sebanyak 44,44%, sedangkan pada kategori baik hanya 11,11%. Sedangkan responden pada tingkat Pendidikan tahun ketiga (2016) didominasi oleh pengetahuan Vaksin Polio yang cukup yaitu sebanyak 48.65% selanjutnya pada pengetahuan Vaksin Polio terkategori baik sebanyak 40,54% dan pada pengetahuan Vaksin Polio yang kurang hanya 10,81%. Pada tahun pertama (2018), didominasi oleh kategori pengetahuan mengenai Vaksin Polio cukup, dimana pada kedua kategori ini sebanyak 49,21%, sedangkan pada kategori baik dan kurang masing-masing sebanyak 30,16% dan 20,63%. Simpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan pengetahuan mengenai penggunaan Tripsin dalam proses produksi vaksin polio. Penggunaan vaksin Polio menjadi halal berdasarkan kaidah Istihalah dan Istihlak sebagai upaya pencegahan penyakit dan menegakkan maqashid asy syari'ah yaitu maslahah al-daruriyat dalam hifdz ad-din (memelihara agama), hifdz annafs (memelihara jiwa), hifdz al-aql (memelihara akal), hifdz al-mal (memelihara harta) dan Hifz al-nasl wa al-‘ird (perlindungan terhadap kehormatan dan keturunan).
Analisis Pengetahuan dan Sikap Pengawas Menelan Obat (Pmo) Terhadap Efek Samping Obat Anti Tuberkulosis dan Tinjauannya
Authors: Monica Robert Vina , Sari Wening , Zuhroni Zuhroni
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang :  PMO adalah komponen DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short Course) yang bertugas untuk memantau pengobatan TBC (Tuberkulosis). Pasien TBC memiliki masalah terkait penyakit TBC dan efek samping obat anti tuberkulosis (ESOAT). Terdapat korelasi yang kuat antara tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap PMO tentang TBC dan pengobatannya dengan kepatuhan berobat pasien. Ilmu yang benar akan mendorong seorang muslim untuk beriman kepada Allah SWT, sedangkan sikap diturunkan dari pengetahuan. Seorang muslim yang memiliki pengetahuan baik akan memiliki sikap baik pula dan Allah akan meningkatkan derajatya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan sikap PMO sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan tentang efek samping OAT.

Metode : Dilakukan pelatihan tentang ESOAT pada 32 orang PMO. Sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan PMO diberikan kuisioner untuk menilai pengetahuan dan sikap. Hasil pre test dan post test dilakukan scoring. Setelah 2 bulan dilakukan FGD (Focus Group Discussion) untuk mengetahui ESOAT pada pasien dan bagaimana PMO mengatasinya. Analisis data dilakukan secara bivariat dan uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi Square dan T Test Paired Sample Correlations dengan tingkat kemaknaan 95%. Hasil : Pengetahuan PMO tentang ESOAT mengalami peningkatan yang bermakna (p = 0,003). Terdapat peningkatan sikap PMO tentang TBC dan ESOAT setelah pelatihan meski tidak bermakna (p = 0,187) karena scoring rerata sikap PMO sebelum pelatihan sudah baik. Hasil FGD menunjukkan bahwa PMO mampu mengenali efek samping OAT ringan dan berat dan mampu mengatasi beberapa efek samping ringan. Menuntut ilmu pengetahuan adalah wajib hukumnya. Pengetahuan yang baik akan menghasilkan sikap yang baik pula baik dalam menunaikan tugasnya sebagai PMO maupun sebagai umat muslim. Kesimpulan : Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap PMO mengenai efek samping OAT setelah pemberian pelatihan tentang tentang efek samping OAT.
Pengembangan Desain Pembelajaran Model Addie Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris
Authors: Astuti Puji
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang: Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan materi, kebutuhan siswa, dan memuat hal yang berkaitan langsung dengan aktivitas pembelajaran sangatlah diperlukan. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu perubahan dalam mendesain perangkat pembelajaran yaitu dengan menerapkan salah satu model pembelajaran sebagai upaya pencapaian dan penguasaan kompetensi siswa. Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini menghasilkan produk berupa rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran model Analisis Desain Develop Implementasi Evaluasi (ADDIE) mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris yang teruji validitas, praktikalitas, dan efektifitasnya serta memiliki dampak terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa di MTs Subulussalam Kayuagung. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan Menggunakan desain penelitian pengembangan yaitu suatu proses dalam mengembangkan dan validasi produk melalui beberapa tahap. Pertama, self evaluation meliputi analisis siswa, materi, dan tahap melakukan perancangan perangkat pembelajaran model Analisis Desain Develop Implementasi Evaluasi (ADDIE). Kedua, melakukan uji validasi produk kepada expert review dan one-to-one. Ketiga, uji validasi produk kepada Small Group. Produk yang telah dihasilkan berdasarkan uji validasi oleh expert, one-to-one, dan small group selanjutnya digunakan pada subjek penelitian yang sebenarnya atau field test. Hasil: Produk yang diberikan pada field test merupakan produk yang telah memenuhi standar validitas, kepraktisan dan keefektifan. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menghasilkan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran model Analisis Desain Develop Implementasi Evaluasi (ADDIE) mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris yang teruji validitas, praktikalitas, dan efektifitasnya dan memiliki dampak dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar bahasa Inggris siswa di MTs Subulussalam Kayuagung.
Inappropriate spending of budgetary funds as a criminal form of behavior and dysfunction of the modern economy
Authors: Saninskiy Roman
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of a very complex economic and legal phenomenon —inappropriate spending of budget funds. The article presents economic and legal arguments substantiating the need to counteract this kind of delinquent-criminal behavior as a dysfunction of the modern economy. The substantiation of the social and legal conditionality of the criminalization of misuse of budget funds is proposed. A high level of blanketness of the disposition of Article 2851 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The most controversial examples of misappropriation of budgetary funds are demonstrated, within the framework of which the most frequent problems of qualification of this kind of socially dangerous behavior arise.
Bifurcation approach in the study of the history of state and law: understanding and methodological construction
Authors: Biyushkina Nadegda , Kodan Sergey
Published: December 2021

The authors address one of the problems of interaction between natural sciences and humanities — the use of theoretical provisions of synergetic, theories of dissipative structures and turbulence in the study of problems of the history of state and law through the prism of a bifurcation approach. The article discusses the general conceptual issues of understanding bifurcation and the bifurcation approach as tools for studying social processes and institutions. Special attention is focused on the methodological design and the possibilities of its use as a cognitive tool in research practices.
Operational-investigative counteraction to crime: another concept or terminological features
Authors: Sharov Viktor
Published: December 2021

The article discusses a number of terms used to denote the activities of the state to combat crime. It is indicated that at present the term counteraction has begun to be widely used in legislation, which requires clarification of this concept. Arguments are given about the relevance of the term “counteraction”, its meaning and relationship with other terms, primarily with the concepts of “fighting crime” and “crime control”. The meanings of the words “counteraction”, “struggle” are considered, it is concluded that it would not be correct to identify the counteraction of crime with its prevention, exactly as with preventive activity.

Analyzing the concept of crime control, the author states that it is being put forward in the form of a new strategy in the ORD, although its development is not very intensive today. It is concluded that measures to counter crime, such as the detection and disclosure of crimes, should also be supplemented by a system of preventive measures, such as influencing organized criminal groups and communities in order to separate them, undermining the economic foundations of organized crime, depriving the organizers of organized crime groups and OPS of authority, etc.
Social connections of convicted (on the example Nizhny Novgorod and Vologda regions)
Authors: Shpilev Dmitry , Eremeeva Anna
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of the author’s research, the purpose of which is to analyze, study and identify the features of the organization of social work with convicts to restore, maintain and strengthen socially useful ties of convicts serving sentences in male and female correctional colonies in the Nizhny Novgorod and Vologda regions. Based on the opinion of social workers of penitentiary institutions, the main characteristics of the social ties of convicts serving sentences in places of detention, the main ways of maintaining them, as well as the technologies used by specialists in social work within the institution, contributing to the development of ties, are identified and systematized. The results of the research can be used to adjust the work of the territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in order to optimize and improve the activities for the development of social ties of convicts in order to reduce the recurrence of crimes, as well as in organizing work to improve the quality of social assistance provided to convicts to develop their social ties, develop appropriate decisions in law enforcement.
Legal assessment of signs of the subjective part of office-economic crimes in the sphere of implementation of the national project “Healthcare”
Authors: Brazhin Yuriy
Published: December 2021

This study is a study of the peculiarities of the subjective side of service and economic crimes in the framework of the implementation of the national project «Health» through the analysis of judicial acts, as well as the provisions of the domestic doctrine. The main result of the study was the identification of the author’s signs of the subject’s intent when committing socially dangerous acts in the area under consideration.
Defects in the implementation of legal notification
Authors: Eremich Olesya
Published: December 2021

In the article, the concept of «defects in the implementation of legal notification» covers the negative aspects of being the subject of research. Among them are various kinds of defects, errors, etc., the process gaps and the result of the implementation of the legal notification of activities. An attempt was made to detect defects in legal notice both at the static level, i. e. within the limits of legal regulation, and in dynamics, at the stage of legal implementation, including law enforcement.
Failure to report a crime (Art. 205.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation): Problems of Interpretation and Law Enforcement
Authors: Tarasova Ludmila
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the problems of interpretation and enforcement of prosecution for failure to report the person (s) preparing, committing and committing the crimes provided for in the disposition of the norm and not prosecuting for failure to report the acts provided for by Article 205.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, provided there is no information about the person (persons) who committed it, contributes to the effectiveness of countering terrorism. Evaluating the generally positive norm of the Criminal Law provided for in Article 205.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, it is proposed to change the name to “Failure to report a terrorist crime”, which will eliminate discrepancies with the disposition of the norm; information about a committed or committed crime, listed in the disposition of this provision, fixing in the disposition of criminal liability for failure to report grave and especially grave crimes. It is recommended in the comments to the article to clarify the concepts:“reliable information”, “the source of information” and “the method of obtaining such information”.
Methodological prerequisites for studying legal compromise
Authors: Parfenov Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

In modern legal science, there are a significant number of approaches to the phenomenon of legal compromise. This diversity is explained by the lack of a unified approach to the concept of “compromise” and the gaps in the researchers ideas about the system of closely related phenomena. The article attempts to study the relationship of compromise to contract, consensus, competition, accommodation, and cooperation. The formulated theses can serve as a supplement to the basics of the modern concept of legal compromise.
Methodology as a type of reflection. Review of the monograph by A. Yu. Afanasyev “Introduction to Criminal Procedure Science” (Moscow: Prospect Publ., 2021. 144 p.)
Authors: Lubin Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

Methodology as a type of reflection. Review of the monograph by A. Yu. Afanasyev “Introduction to Criminal Procedure Science” (Moscow: Prospect Publ., 2021. 144 p.)
Problems of legal regulation of surrogacy mechanisms as one of the reason for the development of human trafficking
Authors: Abdullaev Yamudin , Diaghilev Andrey
Published: December 2021

The article deals with issues related to human trafficking disguised as socially significant assisted reproductive technologies, in particular, surrogacy. The gaps in the modern Russian legislation regulating public relations in this area, creating opportunities for the implementation of criminal mechanisms for trafficking in infants, are analyzed.
On the new standard of court authorization of investigative actions that restrict the constitutional rights of citizens
Authors: Grachev Sergey
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the essence and content of the petition of the investigating authorities to the court for permission to conduct an investigative action and the court decision adopted on its basis. It is concluded that the specified procedural documents do not specify the specific constitutional rights of a citizen, which may be restricted during the investigative action. Taking into account this circumstance, the inconsistency of the requirements of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation and the law enforcement practice developed on its basis with the requirements of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, according to which the restriction of any constitutional right should be carried out on the basis of a court decision or with subsequent notification of the court about the investigative action. It is proposed to adhere to the procedure of judicial authorization in all cases of restriction of the constitutional rights of citizens.
Criminal law sciences and the forensic component of criminal law knowledge
Authors: Zhuravlev Sergey
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the processes associated with the creation of a new scientific specialty “criminal law sciences” from the standpoint of understanding the essence of the criminalistic culture of law enforcement and its connection with related branches of scientific knowledge. Emphasis is placed on tracing the complexity factor in the structure of the new scientific specialty. Some hypotheses are expressed about the prospects for the development of a scientific specialty and approaches to optimizing the complex of criminal law knowledge and the interrelated sphere of practical activity.
Investigation of economic crimes: the birth of a scientific school
Authors: Lubin Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

The article examines the initial stage — the birth of the scientific school "Criminalistics means of ensuring the economic security of Russia". The significant features of the School are stated, scientific and methodological tasks of forming a model of the mechanism of criminal activity are revealed. At the same time, the following dependencies are asserted: 1) the mechanism of criminal activity in the economic sphere depends on the environment of functioning; 2) the investigation methodology depends on the structure and content of the forensic characteristics of an economic crime.
Conscription for military service in legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
Authors: Novopavlovskaya Elena , Lavrentiev Alexander
Published: December 2021

The conscription for military service is a constitutional duty, the duty to defend the Fatherland – the order, the conditions for its implementation, problems and ways to resolve them are the object of attention in domestic science and the subject of various conflicts, litigation, incl. in the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Currently, the bulk of the issues related to conscription for military service have been removed, not least thanks to the mechanism of constitutional justice.
The Effect Of Heating Acrylic Resin Of Various Types With Different Temperatures On Impact Strength
Authors: Marsigid Didik
Published: December 2021

Resin polymerization which is affected by unstable temperature causes the resin to break easily. The strength of the base material is affected by the forces acting in the mouth, such as transverse forces, other resistance or fatigue, and flexibility. Fracture of denture caused by masticatory loads and is affected by forces acting in the mouth, including transverse, resistance or fatigue, and flexural forces. Experimental Laboratory total of 72 samples consisting of 18 samples of  type A, B and C cured at normal temperature, 100oC, 200oC, and 300oC. Types A, B and C have the effect of heating with the addition of temperature on the impact strength of acrylic resin, because the value of sig = 0.001 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected. An effect with the addition of temperature on the impact strength of the resin types A, B and C, because sig = 0.001 < 0.05, so H0 is rejected, which means that the average results are significantly different due to differences in temperature.
STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS FOR STRENGTHENING DAMAGED STONE ARCH STRUCTURES
Authors: Павлов Валерий Вадимович , Хорьков Евгений Владимирович
Published: December 2021

Рассмотрены исторические аспекты возникновения каменных арочных конструкций перекрытий, материалы, которые использовались для их возведения в различные исторические периоды, классификация арочных конструкций, а также основные конструктивные решения и технологические аспекты их возведения. Приведены результаты работ, выполненных по определению численных значений геометрических параметров и обследованию технического состояния арочных конструкций зданий старой постройки, расположенных в центральной (исторической) части г. Казани. Приведены результаты исследования работ других авторов по определению наиболее часто встречающихся дефектов и повреждений в арках, а также причины их возникновения. Рассмотрены технические решения различных авторов по усилению арочных конструкций, с использованием различных материалов, в том числе и композитными материалами на основе однонаправленных углеродных волокон. Описана область применения и изложены технические решения, разработанные авторами статьи для усиления арочных конструкций, которые учитывают особенности их конструктивных решений и повреждений.

We considered the historical aspects of the emergence of stone arched structures of ceilings, the materials used for their construction in various historical periods, the classification of arched structures, as well as the main design solutions and technological aspects of their construction. We present the results of the work performed to determine the numerical values of geometric parameters and to survey the technical condition of arched structures of old buildings located in the central (historical) part of Kazan. As well we demonstrate the results of a study of the works of other authors to determine the most common defects and damages in arches and the causes of their occurrence. We show the technical solutions of various authors to strengthen arched structures using various materials, including composite materials based on unidirectional carbon fibers. We describe the scope of application and outline the technical solutions developed by the authors of the article for strengthening arched structures that take into account the features of their design solutions and damages.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF CARBON DIOXIDE INTAKE INTO THE ROOM FROM A PERSON ENGAGED IN MENTAL WORK
Authors: Лобанов Дмитрий Валерьевич , Звенигородский Игорь Иванович , Мерщиев Александр Александрович , Шепс Роман Александрович
Published: December 2021

Умственный труд достаточно разнообразен и характеризуется различной степенью ответственности, монотонности, внимания, уровнем эмоционального напряжения. Для обеспечения комфортных условий пребывания человека на постоянном рабочем месте, необходимо в том числе организовывать системы климатизации. Наиболее перспективными для указанной деятельности, являются персональные системы вентиляции, обеспечивающие качественную воздушную среду в зоне дыхания человека при одновременном снижении капитальных и эксплуатационных затрат по сравнению с традиционными видами систем вентиляции (смешивающая, вытесняющая вентиляция). Однако, при проектировании таких систем следует ориентироваться не на «среднего условного человека», а учитывать индивидуальные особенности работника (возраст, пол и др.), выполняющего конкретный вид умственной деятельности. С целью уточнения фактической величины углекислого газа, выделяемого человеком при определенной умственной работе, проведены натурные экспериментальные исследования, результатом которых является подтверждение характера и динамики изменения углекислого газа в помещении при отсутствии (бездействии) вентиляционных систем (линейная зависимость), а также уточнение величины выделяющейся двуокиси углерода при конкретном виде умственной деятельности (исследовался труд инженера-проектировщика).

Intellectual work is quite diverse and is characterized by different degrees of responsibility, monotony, attention, the level of emotional tension. In order to ensure comfortable conditions for a person staying at a permanent workplace among other things it is necessary to arrange climate control systems. The most promising ventilation systems for the above activities are personal ones that provide high-quality air environment in the breathing zone of a person while reducing capital and operating costs compared with traditional types of ventilation systems (mixing, displacement ventilation). However, the design of such systems should be guided not by the "average conditional person" but by the individual characteristics of the worker (age, gender, etc.) performing a particular type of mental activity. In order to clarify the actual value of carbon dioxide emitted by a person doing a particular mental work, we conducted a series of field experimental studies. They resulted in confirmation of the nature and dynamics of changes in carbon dioxide in the room in the absence (inactivity) of ventilation systems (linear dependence). As well we clarified the value of emitted carbon dioxide at a particular type of mental activity (in this article we studied the work of an engineer-designer).
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER QUALITY IN RECREATIONAL AREAS ON THE MATYRA RIVER
Authors: Иванова Екатерина Юрьевна
Published: December 2021

В работе приведены и проанализированы данные химических и токсикологических исследований воды р. Матыра Липецкой области. Отмечены превышения допустимых значений по органолептическим показателям, а также по сульфатам, аммоний-иону и нитритам. Кроме того, было проведено определение относительной токсичности с помощью метода, основанного на регистрации изменений оптической плотности культуры водоросли хлорелла ( Chlorella vulgaris ). В результате биотестирования показано, что все пробы воды проявили токсичность, которая проявляется в стимуляции роста культуры хлорелла. Такая стимуляция роста свидетельствует о том, что исследованные пробы содержат легкоусвояемые органические и неорганические соединения. При сравнении полученных значений концентраций с предыдущими исследованиями отмечена отрицательная динамика по всем определяемым загрязняющим веществам, что свидетельствует о снижении качества воды.

The paper presents and analyzes the data of chemical and toxicological studies of the water of the Matyra river of the Lipetsk region. Excess of permissible values for organoleptic parameters, as well as for sulfates, ammonium ion and nitrites were noted. In addition, the relative toxicity was determined using a method based on the registration of changes in the optical density of the Chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) algae culture. The results of the bioassay showed that all water samples demonstrated toxicity, which manifests itself in stimulating the growth of chlorella culture. Such growth stimulation indicates that the samples studied contain easily digestible organic and inorganic compounds. When comparing the obtained concentration values with previous studies, negative dynamics was noted for all identified pollutants, which indicates a decrease in water quality.
MONITORING THERMAL POLLUTION SOURCES IN VORONEZH (RUSSIA) USING REMOTE SENSING DATA
Authors: Сарычев Дмитрий Владимирович , Попова Ирина Владимировна , Куролап Семен Александрович
Published: December 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы мониторинга теплового загрязнения окружающей среды в городах. Представлена методика отбора спектрозональных спутниковых снимков, их обработки и интерпретации полученных результатов. Для оценки городского острова тепла были использованы снимки с космического аппарата Landsat 8 TIRS. На их основе построены карты пространственной структуры острова тепла города Воронежа за летний и зимний периоды. Определены тепловые аномалии и выявлено 11 основных техногенных источников теплового загрязнения в г. Воронеже, установлена их принадлежность к промышленным зонам предприятий, а также к очистным гидротехническим сооружениям. Поверхностные температуры данных источников в среднем были выше фоновых температур приблизительно на 6° зимой и на 15,5° С летом. Синхронно со спутниковой съемкой были проведены наземные контрольные тепловизионные измерения температур основных подстилающих поверхностей в г. Воронеже. Полученные данные показали высокую сходимость космических и наземных измерений, на основании чего сделан вывод о надежности используемых данных дистанционного зондирования Земли в мониторинговых наблюдениях теплового загрязнения городской среды. Результаты работ могут найти применение в городском планировании и медицинской экологии.

The study deals with the remote sensing and monitoring of urban heat islands. We present a methodology of multispectral satellite imagery selection and processing. The study bases on the freely available Landsat 8 TIRS data. We used multitemporal thermal band combinations to make maps of the urban heat island of Voronezh (Russia) during summer and winter periods. That let us identify 11 artificial sources of heat in Voronezh. All of them turned out to be allocated within industrial zones of plants and water treatment facilities. Land surface temperatures (LST) of these sources were approximately 6° and 15.5° C above the background temperatures in winter and summer, respectively. To prove the remotely sensed temperatures we conducted ground control measurements of LST of different surface types at the satellite revisit moments. Our results showed a significant correlation between the satellite and ground-based measurements, so the maps we produced in this study should be robust. They are of use in urban planning and medical ecology studies.
Analysis of Nonlinear Static-Dynamic Deformation of Reinforced Concrete Frames in out-of-Limit States
Authors: Федорова Н. В. , Ву Нгок Туен , Медянкин М. Д.
Published: December 2021

Постановка задачи. Приводятся расчетная модель, алгоритм расчетного анализа и результаты расчета нелинейного статико-динамического деформирования железобетонных рам в запредельных состояниях, вызванных внезапным удалением одной из несущих конструкций. Результаты. Для создания численной модели режима статико-динамического нагружения конструктивной системы использован программный комплекс LS-DYNA с применением детальной 3Д-модели, реализующей явный метод конечных элементов. При проведении расчетного анализа были приняты физико-механические характеристики деформирования материалов в трех вариантах: полученные по опытным данным Г. А. Гениева, по опытным данным Н. В. Федоровой, М. Д. Медянкина при статико-динамическом одноосном режиме испытаний ограниченного числа стандартных образцов призм и по СП 385.1325800.2018. Выводы. Численным анализом статико-динамического деформирования железобетонной рамно-стержневой системы каркаса многоэтажного здания установлено, что дифференцированный учет количественного значения модуля вязкости бетона и соответственно времени и уровня статико-динамического догружения конструкции позволяет более строго определять критерии особого предельного состояния элементов железобетонных конструктивных систем зданий и сооружений.

Statement of the problem. The article presents a computational model, an algorithm for computational analysis and the results of calculating the nonlinear static-dynamic deformation of reinforced concrete frames in out-of-limit states caused by the sudden removal of one of the supporting structures. Results. To design a numerical model of the static-dynamic loading mode of a structural system, the LS-DYNA software package was used that makes use of a detailed 3D model implementing an explicit finite element method. During the computational analysis, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the deformation of materials were taken in three variants: those obtained based on the experimental data by G. A. Geniev, the experimental data by N. V. Fedorova and M. D. Medyankin under the static-dynamic uniaxial testing mode of a limited number of standard samples of prisms and according to the Russian standards SP (СП) 385.1325800.2018. Conclusions. Numerical analysis of the static-dynamic deformation of the reinforced concrete frame-rod system of a multi-storey building has established that the differentiated accounting of the quantitative value of the concrete viscosity modulus and, accordingly, the time and level of static-dynamic loading of the structure allows one to identify the criteria for the special limit state of the elements of reinforced concrete structural systems of buildings and structures in a more rigid manner.
Influence of the Self-Heating Temperature on the Cyclic Durability of Composite Materials
Authors: Бондарев Б. А. , Комаров П. В. , Ерофеев А. В. , Баязов В. А.
Published: December 2021

Постановка задачи. Для определения выносливости полимерных композиционных материалов используют различные методы ускоренных испытаний. Одним из таких методов является температурный, который имеет свои ограничения применения. Это подразумевает необходимость установления возможности его применения для эпоксидных полимерных материалов. Результаты. Предложена формула для определения величины усталостной долговечности эпоксидного композиционного материала, опытным путем установлена достоверность величин, рассчитываемых по данной формуле. Доказано, что интенсивность роста температуры зависит от скорости загружения. Выводы. Достоверность расчетов по предложенной формуле для расчета показателей усталостной долговечности подтверждена сравнением результатов с опытными данными, значения достаточно близко коррелируют, что позволяет применять эту формулу при расчете выносливости для образцов из эпоксидного композита.

Statement of the problem. Various methods of accelerated testing are used to determine the endurance of polymer composite materials. One of these methods is the temperature method which has its own limitations of application. Thus the possibility of its application for epoxy polymer materials should be established. Results. The article proposes a formula for identifying the value of the fatigue life of an epoxy composite material. The reliability of the values calculated using this formula is experimentally established. It is proved that the intensity of the temperature increase depends on the loading speed. Conclusions. The reliability of the calculations according to the proposed formula for calculating the fatigue life indicators is confirmed by comparing the results with experimental data, the values are quite closely correlated, which allows us to use this formula when calculating the endurance for samples made of epoxy composite.
Quantitative Assessment of the Kinetics of Damage Accumulation in the Polymer Matrix Structure Under Full-Scale Climatic Factors and Tensile Loads
Authors: Селяев В. П. , Низин Д. Р. , Канаева Н. С.
Published: December 2021

Постановка задачи. Изучено изменение упруго-прочностных показателей и кинетики накопления повреждений в эпоксидных полимерах под действием растягивающих нагрузок в контрольном состоянии и после натурного климатического воздействия в течение одного календарного года. Расчет кинетики накопления повреждений осуществлялся на основе авторской методики, основанной на использовании методов фрактального анализа кривых деформирования образцов полимерных материалов при растяжении. Результаты. Предложен удельный показатель θ, позволяющий количественно оценивать суммарное число повреждений на единицу прочности, накопление которого приводит к разрушению полимеров. Получены аппроксимирующие зависимости, описывающие взаимосвязь между удельным показателем θ и пределом прочности эпоксидных полимеров при растяжении. Выводы. Установлено, что наибольшей стабильностью свойств под действием натурного климатического воздействия обладает полимер на основе эпоксидной смолы «Этал-247».

Statement of the problem. In the current study we look at the change in the elastic-strength performance and kinetics of damage accumulation in epoxy polymers under tensile loads in the control state and after full-scale climatic exposure during one calendar year were studied. Damage accumulation kinetics was calculated based on the author's method using methods of fractal analysis of deformation curves for polymer materials samples under tension. Results. We proposed specific index θ to quantify the total number of damages per unit of strength where its accumulation leads to the destruction of polymers. The dependences have been obtained that describe the relationship between specific index θ and tensile strength of epoxy polymers. Consclusion. The study has shown that the Etal-247 epoxy resin-based polymer cured with Etal-1440 amine hardener has the most stable properties under the full-scale climatic exposure.
Impact of Urban Planning Activities on the Environmental Status of Human Settlements and Finding Ways to Improve It by Means of Urban Development Measures
Authors: Климова А. В.
Published: December 2021

Постановка задачи. Исследуется влияние мероприятий по градостроительству, планировке населенных мест на экологическое состояние поселений, а также пути улучшения экологии мерами градостроительства. Результаты. Методом экстраполяции исследована динамика сельского и городского населения, осуществлен прогноз на перспективу. Определено гигиеническое значение планировки территории. Рассмотрены истоки возникновения и причины развития наиболее общих экологических проблем урбанизированной территории. Раскрыты такие наиболее актуальные проблемы крупных городов, как несанкционированные свалки, точечная застройка, высокая плотность населения, сокращение площади зеленых насаждений и др.; предложены мероприятия по их решению (снижению негативного влияния) на законодательном и исполнительном уровнях. Выводы. Результаты исследования позволяют сделать вывод о существенном положительном влиянии своевременных градостроительных мер на экологическую ситуацию в городах.

Statement of the problem. The problem of identifying the impact of urban planning activities on the environmental status of human settlements and finding ways to improve it by urban development measures is considered. Results. The dynamics of rural and urban populations has been investigated by means of the extrapolation method and the projections have been made. The hygienic requirements to the territorial planning have been determined. Causes and origins of the most common environmental problems of urban areas have been examined. The most urgent problems of cities, such as illegal dumps, infill development, high population density, reduction of urban green spaces, etc. were revealed. The activities for reducing the negative impact were proposed at both the legislative as well as executive levels. Conclusions. The findings of the study suggest that there is a significant positive impact of timely well-grounded urban planning measures on the ecological situation in cities.
АНАЛИЗ И РАСЧЕТ ЭНЕРГОЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ РАБОТЫ РАДИОМАЯКОВ
Authors: Даудов И.М. , Шишиханова М.Х. , Гелагаев М.Г.
Published: December 2021

В работе рассматривается одна из самых актуальных тенденций развития информационных технологий Internet of Things (IoT). Проводится анализ и расчет энергоэффективности работы датчиков IOT-решений. Исследуются ключевые характеристики оценки долговечности работы датчиков.
РАЗРАБОТКА КАЛЬКУЛЯТОРА НА ЯЗЫКЕ C++ В СРЕДЕ QT CREATOR
Authors: Гараев М.Х. , Саралиева А.А.
Published: December 2021

В работе описана краткая история создания среды разработки QtCreator, и ее взаимосвязь с языком программирования C++. Представлен пример возможности использования данной среды для разработки калькулятора с графическим интерфейсом при помощи языка C++.