bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration Method for Extra Heavy Oil Reservoir with Top Water
Authors: Ji You Jun , Liu Jian Jun , Zhang Nelly
Published: May 2011

For an extra heavy oil reservoir with top water in Liaohe Oilfield, it is inefficiently and hard to produce by conventional thermal recovery. In this regard, the numerical modeling software – CMG is used to analyze the recovery of this reservoir by Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) and Steam and incondensable gas-assisted gravity push (SAGP). The production indicators, development effects and distribution of field parameters of these two techniques are contrasted and analyzed, and the injection and production parameters for application of SAGP in wells are optimized. The study shows that, for this extra heavy oil reservoir with top water, SAGP is more effective than SAGD, and the former can reduce the steam demand, improve the oil/steam ratio (OSR), prolong the development and enhance the recovery. It is recommended, during application of SAGP on site, to inject nitrogen at volume fraction of 30-40% and when the steam chamber expands to a section with 1/3 net pay thickness away to the top water.
Reuse of Building Construction and Demolition Waste, a Xi’an Example
Authors: Du Qiang , Zhao Lei , Yang Rui
Published: May 2011

In China, the construction industry has been developing rapidly over the past decades, at the same time, generating a huge amount of construction and demolition waste (CDW). The stream of CDW must be dealt with special attention, at least because of the shortage of landfill space for disposal and the need of sustainable development. This paper presents solutions to manage and control major type of building CDW in a technically feasible and economically efficient manner, with an example of Xi’an City. Recommendations are made in order to promote sustainable CDW management in practice.
Compare Business Process between Construction and Manufacturing on the Application of ERP
Authors: Sun Yan Fang
Published: May 2011

To illustrate that the application of ERP in construction industry is feasible and necessary, this paper analyzes the business process of construction industry based on the four development phases of ERP in manufacturing -- basic MRP, closed-loop MRP, manufacturing resources planning(MRP-II), enterprise resource planning(ERP), and compares the business process between construction and manufacturing. Finally it concludes that there exist many similarities in construction and manufacturing and implement ERP in construction industry is feasible to some extent.
Integrated Management of Construction Project Based on Knowledge Base
Authors: Tu Xiao Jing , Feng Wei Min
Published: May 2011

Informationization of construction resource and integration management of construction project is the key technology to achieve the project management informationized. Combining the knowledge base, decision support models, network planning technique and process management of computer all together, this article proposes a solution for integrated management system of construction project.
Cost Estimation of Construction Project Using Fuzzy Neural Network Model Embedded with Modified Particle Optimizer
Authors: He Xin , Yao Yong , Xia Hong Wen , Su You Wen , Liu Gang
Published: May 2011

A fuzzy neural network (FNN) model embedded with a modified particle swarm optimizer (MPSO) is proposed in this study for cost estimation of construction projects. The proposed method has advantages over traditional FNN approaches in ways of generalization ability and automatic parameter optimization. Comparative studies show that this improved model is also superior to those of BP (back propagation) neural network, PSO-BP and PSO-FNN. Effectively improved accuracy of the developed model in cost estimation of construction project was discussed in case studies. This study provides a base for decision-making in the management of construction project.
Research on the Decision Making of Large Public Building Maintenance Cycle
Authors: Wu Qian , Gao Shu Hua , Tang Hua
Published: May 2011

Combination with the characteristics of large public buildings, taking well considerations of maintenance of buildings on safety and reliability of the circumstances. Decision-making models of the large public building maintenance cycle was proposed based on maintenance of quality comprehensive evaluation. To quantify the degree of recovery of large public buildings based on the quality of maintenance using the method of AHP and Multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. To make reasonable amendments on the reliability of experience according to the recovery degree of the reliability. In order to calculate the maintenance cycle of the large public buildings , the two models of maximum reliability and minimum total cost of building structure and equipment pipe components are applying with, and then to making dynamic arrangements of preventive maintenance cycle according to the quality of the maintenance.
Designing and Evaluating Safety Accident Emergency Management for Construction Project under Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Li Cheng Hua , Sai Yun Xiu , Mao Hui
Published: May 2011

Recently, safety accident emergency management of construction project is an important issue not only for investors and governments but also for the companies that are in construction industry. Designing and evaluating safety accident emergency management is also crucial for the same sector’s development. Proposed method is based on fuzzy TOPSIS, which combined TOPSIS with triangular fuzzy numbers both in the rating of alternative and the weight of criterion. The closeness coefficient under fuzzy environment is calculated by using the concept of fuzzy positive-ideal solution and fuzzy negative-ideal solution. Then the rankings of the projects are determined according to their results.
Strategy Evaluation System of Large-Scale Public Buildings in Emergency Crisis
Authors: Wu Qian , Gao Shu Hua , Tang Hua
Published: May 2011

In order to promote the development of crisis management in large-scale public buildings, to make solutions for the insufficient crisis management ,poor implementation and other issues. Crisis strategy evaluation system of large public buildings is proposed through the use of literature research and coding method from the perspective of their own. Three dimensions of 16 evaluations are proposed ,including basic security strategy, risk strategy of emergency response, recovery strategy in the hole life cycle of crisis management. In this section, the research and the calculation method are given, and to determine the index weight by expert investigation method. In order to make clear our strengths and weaknesses when facing emergencies through scientific and reasonable evaluation of current crisis management evaluation strategy. Such is so helpful to improve the theory of crisis management of large public buildings in the application and optimizing risk management, and so is to provid a more complete and effective decision basis for the crisis management strategy of large public buildings when facing emergencies.
Case Study of the Bird's Nest: Risks and Opportunities in China's PPP Implementations in Major Sports Facilities
Authors: Liang Wei , Song Xin Yi , Wang Shou Qing
Published: May 2011

Although the infrastructure development projects under PPP operation which can fill the funding gap as a result of increasing demand for infrastructure development and reduced public sector funding capacity have been practiced since the late 80s, the $560 million Bird’s Nest (National Stadium) is the first stadium project in China using this procurement method. This project is generally considered as a successful case by most of the practioners and experts despite the operation right transfer occurred in 2009. Compared to the use of PPP in other field such as transportation, power generation and waste management, development of sports facilities for mega sport event with this model has its own unique features, risks and opportunities. This research identifies and analyzes the risks and opportunities through case study of the Bird’s Nest project. A survey and several interviews are conducted to solicit expert opinions from experienced practitioners and experts. According to the analysis, government behavior related risks and project level risks are found to be two groups of risks which are quite different for major sports facilities projects and general PPP projects.
Material Price Risks Impact on Project Costs Research
Authors: Li Jian Feng , Shen Yue , Xu Li Jiao , Suo Yuan
Published: May 2011

“Code of valuation with bill quantity of construction works”(GB50500-2008)published in July 2008 proposes a new concept of “Bidding Control Price” instead of “base bid price”. This paper firstly introduces the calculation program of Bidding Control Price which is different from the calculation program of base bid price. The calculation method of material price risk changes greater and it is the focus of our discussion. Article probes into the impact of material price risk on project cost, applying Grey Forecasting Model to discuss a reasonable method of determining material price risk, which provides a new feasible solution to determine an appropriate cost of project. Article concludes with examples which show that different material price risks have great impact of project costs. This paper has some instructive significance for the calculation of project cost in new code.
The Influence of "Limit House Price, Compete Land Price" Policy to Land Price under Auction
Authors: Liu Hong Yong , Deng Li
Published: May 2011

The article mainly introduced how the land auction in our country impacted the sell price of land, and through analysising the influence of the policy in 2006 and 2010 which called “limit house price , compete land price” to land auction, got that this policy may control house price and land price in a short time. But in the long run, selling the land through auction had some problems, and this policy had difficulty in setting the price and the quality of the house couldn’t be guaranteed. According to the above questions, it proposed that it should through transforming government’s function, reasonably determining house price and strengthening the quality supervision of “limited price house” to solve the present situation of overpriced.
Assessing the Time-Cost Trade-Off of Construction Projects
Authors: Lo Wei , Kuo Ming En
Published: May 2011

By using Genetic Algorithms (GAs), a resource-integrated model is presented to identify the relationships between project time and cost in consideration of the changes in resource efficiency under different working durations. Under the assumption of a non-linear quadratic relationship between resource efficiency and working duration, the minimum and maximum project costs for different project completion times are easily identified and the trade-off relationships between the project time and cost are clearly presented by using the proposed model and a case study. The research results logically suggest that the greater the adjustable range of activity durations, the lower the minimum project cost for a specific project’s completion time will be, and the greater the value of an activity is, the later the activity will be adjusted.
The Combination of the Traditional Space and the New Technology in Building - Take Wuhan Zhili Imperial Yard Villa for Example
Authors: Xue Ju
Published: May 2011

This paper has analyzed the current living conditions in China. It is necessary for the traditional space to be existed. It can not only abide by the nation policy but also can satisfy the need of the pleasurable feelings for the yard, then to construct a Spiritual Garden. Takes Wuhan Zhili Imperial Yard Villa for example, this paper introduced the application of the new technology in traditional space in order to create comfortable living conditions.
Exploration on Design Strategy of Campus Landscape from Environmental Psychology
Authors: Chen Xin , Yu Jun Hua
Published: May 2011

The green spaces of students’ living area are imperative part of campus environment in Chinese universities, but most of them are unitary and lack of features. From the perspective of environmental psychology, this paper investigated and analyzed students’ behaviors and corresponding psychology in living area’s green land. As a result, it can be clear that the green space is closely related with students’ daily life, and meanwhile there are different usage conditions and requirements for the green space between male students and females. On this basis, this paper attempts to conclude the characteristics of the green space in students’ living area, and hopes to provide some useful references for the design of campus landscape.
The Space Design of Modern Villa With Reference to Traditional Residential Culture
Authors: Liu Chang Fei , He Jie , An Jing
Published: May 2011

Through an analysis of the domestic villa design with traditional residential culture for reference, as well as the analysis of the Shanghai Nine Halls villa as an example, it is suggested that the traditional Chinese elements be expressed in the most abstract form. Furthermore, the characteristics of the layout of traditional Chinese mansion and how to apply them in villa design are summarized.
The University Teaching Space for Promoting Information Exchange
Authors: Jing Lu , Li Ti Lian
Published: May 2011

With the constant expansion of higher education and a large scale of construction of educational buildings in recent years, the consideration of how to design a space which can play a role in promoting innovative research was relatively static. Most of designs often simply use the same principle of commercial buildings and office buildings. It often shows a sign of empiricism in the organization of teaching spaces, which is lack of scientific research of spatial framework based on knowledge. Therefore it is difficult to achieve the impetus for the creativity of space designs. The aim of this paper is to put forward the space quality factor for promoting random exchange, and the application of strategy for the design of the actual teaching space based on the scientific research of space design and creativity. It also consequently transfers the colleges and universities teaching space to a real high quality environment where creativity can be motivated, in order to promoting the training of creative talents.
Calculation of any Element with Tapered Beam Member Based on the Method of Equivalent Moment of Inertia
Authors: Du Xin Xi , Peng Pan , Luo Fei Xiang
Published: May 2011

Because of saving material, tapered element is widely used in practical engineering. But the calculation of tapered element is very complicated due to its different section forms. By comparing and analyzing the traits and limitations of traditional calculation methods, a new model which is suitable for any tapered element with variable sections was proposed. On the basis of energy method, the model was deduced by a given displacement function. And then through using quadratic polynomial instead of the complex moment of inertia, elastic stiffness matrix of any element with tapered beam member and equivalent nodal load under different kinds of loads were obtained. This method reduces the number of element and degree of free in structure calculation and is relatively simple in theory. The results are compared with two classical examples and ANSYS’s. It shows that the proposed method has good precision in the solution of tapered members.
Independent Fire Escape Tower Design in High-Rise Building
Authors: He Jie , Wang Jiang Li , Liu Chang Fei
Published: May 2011

In recent years, "high hell" fire events occurred frequently, and there is difficult to find a perfect solution to prevent the burning in buildings from outside to inside. Through a comparative analysis, this article considers that to build an escape tower or an independent high-level bridge can solve this problem in a certain extent. This article also elaborates on the advantages and disadvantages of this design. Hopefully in the future architectural practices there will be more secured high-rise building coming out.
Study on the Ecological Experience of Inner Mongolia Grassland Traditional Herdsmen Settlement Construction
Authors: Ma Ming , Kong Jng
Published: May 2011

This paper base on the study and analyze the Inner Mongolia grassland traditional residence building and settlement space, summarize the ecological experience in settlement location, space characteristic, architectural technology and resource utilization. Explore the suitable ecological strategy and ecological technology in Inner Mongolia grassland human settlements construction.
Stability Analysis on the Structureof a Multipurpose Gymnasium
Authors: Bao Wen Bo , Fu Liang Hua , Hu Yu Yong
Published: May 2011

This study focused on the structure of a multipurpose university gymnasium. The lower part of the structure is reinforced concrete frame structure and the top is steel roof truss, and the roof use radiation truss brace shell structure. In this paper, buckling analysis of the separate steel roof and the overall structure are investigated under the basic or combined load cases, and the stability of the structure is verified. This study provides a valuable reference for the design of similar structures.
A Study on the High-Rise Housing Repair Work’s Types in New York City - In the Case of Eldorado
Authors: Liao Chu Tsen
Published: May 2011

High-rise (a structure seventy-five feet or more in height [1]) housing buildings were first built accompany the improvement of construction technology in the 1890s in New York City. Some high-rise housing buildings which built in the end of 19th century or in the beginning of 20th century are preserved by the repair work and still being used today. In this study, I investigate the repair records and present condition of these kinds of the high-rise housing buildings. The purpose of this study is to know the repair work’s type and its cycle time of the high-rise housing buildings in New York City.
The Research of Traditional Villages Protection Based on Virtual Reality
Authors: Li Su Min , Yan Jun , Liang Zhi Yao , Wang Yin
Published: May 2011

In this paper, we explore the methods of VR(virtual reality) technology in conservation of traditional settlement. Take ancient village of Shanggantang in Jiangyong county of hunan province as a case, The digital information and data were collected based on field investigations, local survey and mapping. After data filtering and geometry modelling in three-dimension modelling software, a virtual village of ancient Shanggantang was built and a fly-through enabled scene was realized by VR technology, several browsing modes were supported to promote immersion. And provide scientific and intuitive basis of their protection and development.
Fracture Toughness of A572 Gr.50 Steel Built-Up Box-Section Welds Joined by Eletroslag Welding
Authors: Chang Heui Yung , Yu Chau Cho , Liou Kuen Tai , Lin Ker Chun
Published: May 2011

This paper investigates hardness, toughness and microstructures of A572 Gr.50 steel built-up box-section welds jointed by electroslag welding (ESW). The welding heat from ESW, for example, is considered one of the main factors reducing steel toughness and causing the connections to fracture. The result of the investigation indicates that the 25- and 50-mm plates have small difference in hardness, toughness and grain sizes. The A572 Gr.50 steel absorbs energy more than 105J, satisfying the code requirement of 27J at 0°C in the Charpy impact tests. However, the welding heat increases the size of coarse grain and hardness in the heat affected zone (HAZ), reducing the Charpy value to 14.9 J. The HAZ absorbs much less energy than the base material, and this difference is more significant in the weld of 50-mm plates. Based on the investigation, it can be suggested that to enhance the seismic performance of welded steel structures, not only the toughness of base material, but also welding heat need further controlling.
Analysis and Application of the Landscape Expression on the Contrary Space Sequence in Historical Town
Authors: Yao Ping , Yuan Li
Published: May 2011

The contrary space sequence is a concept and design principle that aims at the historical town and the historical street spatial combine. Through research of the unique constitute of space of historical and cultural towns to explore the potential spatial culture of sustainable development in history. In history ,that many towns depend on the existence of external environment landscape space first, limited and influenced the composing of internal landscape space, then form the landscape space of inside and outside towns to continue harmonious the space structure of combination and the sequence. The contrary space sequence has its own organic composition and rules of space that was order and correlation but not exists alone. It is a greater significance and application value to use this principle to guide the formation of new space and followed its growth pattern for the ancient town's transformation and development and for pioneering the new city space and landscape gardens and urban green space layout.
The Discussion of Numerical Analysis Method about Underwater Bridge Pier Structure
Authors: Shen Jun Min , Liu Hui , Guo Fu Guo
Published: May 2011

In deep water, the dynamic characteristics of bridge piers will be changed. Using the numerical analysis method and the finite element software ANSYS, this paper analyzed the influence of the dynamic characteristics of the pier under different depth of water. At the same time, compared with the analytical method, we found that the results between two methods are consistent. But to the complex structure, the numerical analysis method would be superior.
Urban-Rural Integration Planning: Theory and Practice in Suzhou, China
Authors: Jiang Ling De , Zhang Zhen Long
Published: May 2011

Urban and Rural Integration development is a stage of urbanization process. China’s long-term imbalance in urban-rural development breaks down the obstacles posed by urban beneficiaries of inequality. China has already adopted a raft of policy measures to promote urban-rural integration which are currently having a positive impact to eliminate dual structure. The reform of Suzhou in urban and rural integrated development is not only inherent demand, but also the obligation to the national and regional development. This study summarizes the current theory and model on urban and rural development, builds research framework, and explores practical experience on urban and rural integrated planning in Suzhou City.
The Street System Plan Based on the Townscape Conservation of Historic Urban Area
Authors: Zhang Jun Min , Qi Hui Feng , Liu Liang
Published: May 2011

The traditional street is one of the most attractive essences of historic urban area. This paper summarizes the Street System Plan of Minggu City, and points out five methods to conserve townscape of historic urban area, as well as enhancing the city characteristic.
The Discussion on the Construction of City Waterfront Landscape Based on the Visual Angle of Ecology Restoration
Authors: Li Gui Yuan , Duan Zhong Yuan , Xu Yang
Published: May 2011

In recent years, with the increase of population, the development of urbanization, and the improvement of people’s living standard, people have got an increasingly strong consciousness of environment landscape. While, the global climate change, water shortage and pollution problems which are resulted in the development of social economy.In this article, according to the different traits of waterfront landscape environment, we will analyze the problems of waterfront landscape environment construction, and discuss the design technique of waterfront landscape and the optimization method of landscape environment based on the visual angle of ecology restoration. This can prompt the development of waterfront landscape environment towards the harmony and intergrowth of nature ,ecology and human culture, and this has practical significance for the sustainable development of human and water.
Analysis on the House Garden Design
Authors: Yang Xin , Zhang Qi
Published: May 2011

In the present trend of pursuing green life and promoting natural purpose that ,as the closet garden landscape to peoples’ living, the house garden has understandably become the most important media for the residents to enjoy the baptism and close to the nature. The thesis discussed about the design theory and method of different kind of house garden, and elaborated the basic concepts of house garden, analyzed the features of the house garden landscape system, and finally pointed out the content and development trend of the house garden design, so as to discuss the future direction of the house garden.
Study on Thermal Environment of Traditional Architecture in Tropic Climate
Authors: Wang Li Juan , Liu Jia Ping , Liu Yan Feng , Wang Ying Ying , Chen Jing
Published: May 2011

Haikou is located in tropic climates in China. The outdoor environment in summer is too harsh to stay here. However, the traditional architecture, namely arcade, still survives in the severe climate. Its indoor and outdoor parameters of arcade are tested in field to research its thermal environments. The heat stress index is used to study the adaptability mechanism of arcade and local human to hot and humid environment. It proves that the metabolic rate and wind velocity are main and adjustable factors to reduce heat stress in such wretched weather. On the condition of metabolic rate below 60met and wind speed above 0.7m/s, the healthy adult can work normally in the arcade or on the corridor. So the human in tropic area should keep their metabolic rate and period staying out in the summer daytime as less as possible, and the architects should make full use of the local wind speed to organize natural ventilation.
Analysis of Ecological Adaptability of Traditional Residential Settlement of Hani Nationality
Authors: Wang Li Li , Yang Zheng , Shang Tao
Published: May 2011

The ecological environment of ethnic architecture is a major task facing architecture scholars. By spot investigating of Hani nationality residence in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province, the article aims to explore and research the residential culture pattern of unique harmony between man and nature which is presented by Hani nationality based on man and nature in harmonious coexistence. It also discusses the significant ecological adaptability of settlement from overall layout and planning of settlements, landscape of settlements, and application of building materials.
Fly Ash-Desulfurization Gypsum Mortar and Concrete Part II: Performances
Authors: Chen Yu , Gao Ying Li
Published: May 2011

FA-FGD mortar and concrete were manufactured and tested the main performances. With WFA-FGD taking 80~85% of the total composite binder by mass, mortar used in buildings was provided with good workability, enough mechanical properties specified for masonry in China, low drying shrinkage and strong sulfate corrosion, which was suitable for plastering or coating inside and outside walls. With LFA-FGD more than 30% in proportion, middle-strength concrete showed satisfactory workability with no segregation, no bleeding and low slump loss, stable strength development and low brittleness, about 60% of the domestic standard limit of wear mass loss in the specified test, good impermeability as well as excellent cracking resistance.
Energy-Saving Test and Analysis of a Steel Residential Building in Cold Regions of China
Authors: Peng Xiao Tong , Lin Chen
Published: May 2011

An on-site test on envelope of a typical steel residential building in cold region is performed. The testing results provide evaluation bases for the energy-saving effects of the steel residential building. In order to evaluate the main factors that influence energy dissipation of the building and estimate the main energy dissipation positions, the heat transfer coefficient K of envelope and its actual energy consumption are calculated based on the testing data. The results indicate that the building envelope has good heat storage property and it could keep indoor thermal stability; the steel frames and windows have heat bridge effects. Through calculations of the energy consumption of envelope, it is showed that the tested building only meet the requirement of energy saving by 50%, instead of 65%; the external walls and windows are main energy dissipation parts. Finally the thermal design recommendations about steel residential buildings are proposed.
Sensitivity Analysis of Influence Factors on Residential Building Energy Consumption in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone
Authors: Li Na , Zhao Yan Qian , Liu Qi
Published: May 2011

Taking residential building in hot summer and cold winter zone as research subject, studies the influence factors and sensitivity of building consumption. Choosing three factors of building orientation, building envelope and window-wall ratio for analysis, compares the calculation results by using DeST-h software with energy consumption simulating calculation. The results show that the effect of building envelope heat transfer coefficient on building energy consumption is the greatest. So that is the most sensitive factor, which is followed by building orientation, the effect of window-wall ratio is relatively small.
Idea on Low-Tech Ecological Evolution of Seaweed House in Jiaodong Peninsula
Authors: Zhang Neng , Chen Ming , Wang Xiao Xue
Published: May 2011

As modern materials and techniques are widely used in the countryside, the living environment which is peculiar to traditional vernacular buildings is damaged. Then the buildings and the construction technology are at risk of elimination and extinction. This paper takes seaweed house as typical example, attempting to explore how the vernacular buildings develop in an original, plain and ecological way.
Two Problem Study of Optimization Design in Foundation
Authors: Cheng Dong Hui , Rong Wei , Yuan Jia
Published: May 2011

In order to optimize the design of foundation pit support in specific areas of soil conditions, the equivalent angle of internal friction was put forward to instead of internal friction and internal cohesion based on the theory and practical engineering experience. Then the optimization design of calculating parameter for soil pressure was realized. At the same time, the optimization of protecting piles design become reality that based on the circular section piles convert to the rectangular section piles through equal stiffness according to its characteristics. Through the application of the optimal design method in a practical engineering, the result proved that the method improves the anti-overturning ability of the soil and saves the engineering cost of the piles.
Intelligent Optimization of Material Mixing Ratio and Process Parameters for Aerated Concrete
Authors: Yang Fang , Sun Lin Zhu , Xie Zi Ling , Zhou Ya Gang
Published: May 2011

To determine the optimal material mixing ratio of and process parameters for aerated concrete products, we adopted various combinations of material mixing ratio and process parameters to test aerated concrete according to the characteristics of local material and process equipment in this study, and obtained the strength and density of the aerated concrete. Using artificial neural network, we built a three-layer neural network model, which was trained based on the data of test samples to obtain a neural network based model system. Sample test showed that the predicted values of the model system fit the test values well; we utilized this system to analyze the material mixing ratio of and process parameters for aerated concrete products, and obtained their optimization results. The strength and density of the aerated concrete manufactured with the optimized parameters reached the desired targets. This method has some reference value for instructing the production of aerated concrete.
Experiment Study of Water Stability of Fiber-Reinforced Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Cai Ying Chun , Zheng Yuan Xun
Published: May 2011

To study the influence of fiber on the water stability of asphalt mixtures, the optimum dosage of asphalt and fibers are studied by the method of Marshall test and rut test. The results demonstrate that the optimum dosage of asphalt and fibers are 4.63% and 0.30%, respectively. Then the improved effects of basalt fiber on water stability of asphalt mixtures are evaluated through immersed Marshall test and freeze-thaw splitting test according to related specifications. The results show that the freeze-thaw splitting strength and splitting strength without freeze-thaw of fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture are improved to some extent compared with control mixture. Splitting strength without freeze-thaw of basalt, polyester and xylogen fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture is increased by 36.4%, 15.4% and 6.2%, and freeze-thaw splitting strength is increased by 55.2%, 28.7% and 14.5%. It can be concluded that fiber can remarkably improved the water stability of asphalt mixtures, besides; the improvement effects of basalt fiber are superior to polyester fiber and xylogen fiber.
Effect of Detailed Formations on the Tension (Compression) Property of Hairpin Connectors in Precast RC Floor Slabs
Authors: Pang Rui , Liang Shu Ting , Zhu Xiao Jun
Published: May 2011

The detailed formations of precast floor slab connectors have significant effect on its axial capacity, but there is no such specific provision on it at present. The effects of detailed formations on the in-plane tension (compression) strength, stiffness and deformation capacity of hairpin connectors (HPC) is studied, through numerical simulation analysis under in-plane tension (compression) force. The slug length (h), steel plate thickness (t) and its stickout(s) are taken as parameters. On the basis of analysis, recommendations on formation details of HPC are proposed for design and construction.
Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Beams Reinforced With Fiber Reinforcing Bars
Authors: Xu Qin , Huang Wei , Wu Hao Zhen , Jiang Xiao Ping , Zhang Zhen Zhong
Published: May 2011

Based on bending fiber reinforced concrete beam, through the nonlinear analysis, the paper discuss the constitutive models of concrete and reinforcement, the properties of their element and the models of concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars. Using nonlinear analysis and comparing numerical results with experimental results, the fiber reinforced concrete beam bending terminal numerical model constructed in this paper can simulate the entire process of internal force and deformation of fiber reinforced concrete beams, and describe cracks in the formation and extension and the failure process and failure form, which also can provide enough precision to the practical engineering and scientific research. Meanwhile, the finite element computation model verified by test can provide more reactive information to effective structure computation model.
Frequencies and Modals Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Beam by ANSYS
Authors: Li Rui Ge , Zhang Yao Ting
Published: May 2011

Nonlinear properties of materials will be automatically ignored while structural dynamic analysis in ANSYS. And the energy method principle is used to analyze. So it can not be used to calculate the frequencies and modals of prestressed concrete structures directly. Accordingly, prestressing force applied to beam with initial strain method in ANSYS calculate in this paper. The perstressing force influence of the beam is changed to the impact of element materials elastic modulus. Analyze the frequencies and modals of prestressed concrete beams with ANSYS computational procedure by modified ANSYS model. The calculated natural frequencies at all levels prestessing force fit close with the experimental results. It shows that modified ANSYS finite element analysis model is feasible.
Seismic Performance for Low Strength Row-Lock Cavity Masonry Reinforced with HPFL
Authors: Shang Shou Ping , Xu Mei Fang , Ji Chao Qun
Published: May 2011

In order to investigate the failure mechanism,failure mode and hysteresis curves of the low strength row-lock cavity walls strengthened with HPFL(High Performance Ferrocement Laminate), eight pieces of rowlock cavity walls subjected to low-frequency cyclic loads and a constant-amplitude vertical load on top were tested, and the results showed that the bearing capacity, ductility and energy intensity all were greatly improved on the basis of comparison and analysis of the seismic behavior influenced by different strengthening methods. In addition, this article proposed the calculation formulas for reinforcement design reference .
Study on Gas Anti-Permeability of Fiber Concrete under Fatigue Loading
Authors: Cao Qing Yu , Sun Wei , Guo Li Ping
Published: May 2011

Cracking is the most common damage in the secondary lining concrete because of its continuous thin-walled structure, potential surrounding rock pressure and poor curing conditions. In order to improve the fatigue and gas perimeability resistance of concrete and to reduce the responding costs, four series modern concretes including ultra-fine pozzolanic powder and organic fibers are prepared and investigated. The optimized modern secondary lining concrete is determined as the concrete including 0.08% or 0.1% volume fractions of ultra-fine organic fiber (UF), based on the test results of fatigue life and coefficient of gas-permeability under fatigue loading. The result show fiber concrete is positive for enhancing the fatigue and gas permeability resistance and can apply for the tunnel secondary lining.
Analysis on Fire Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Wall
Authors: Zheng Yong Qian , Zhuang Jin Ping
Published: May 2011

Fire resistance design of Reinforced concrete wall is one of the important issues for structural safety. The sequentially coupled thermal-stress analysis method in ABAQUS software is used to calculate the fire resistance of walls. The results of a parametric study to examine the influences of parameters, such as axial load level, lateral load level, height-to-thickness ratio, wall thickness, material strengths, steel reinforcement ratio and concrete protection thickness to reinforcements on fire resistance of RC walls are presented.
Study of Crack Width of the Fiber Reinforced Polymer Beam
Authors: Xu Qin , Huang Wei , Wu Hao Zhen , Wang Jun Yuan , Liu Jie Yu
Published: May 2011

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is a new kind of material for structural engineering in recent year. The partial inferiority of the bond and mechanical properties for FRP bars, however, leads to wider cracks compared with those of steel-reinforced concrete structures. Therefore, current design methods for predicting crack widths developed in concrete structures reinforced with steel bars at service load may not be used for concrete structures reinforced with FRP bars. This paper presents an analytical formula that calculates the maximum crack with in FRP- reinforced concrete beam, taking into account both the bond and the mechanical properties of FRP bars. The experimental results compared well with those proposed by the model.
Comparative Analysis of Time-Frequency Curves of Seismic Records on Liquefied and Non-Liquefied Sites
Authors: Sun Rui , Yuan Xiao Ming , Chen Long Wei , Cao Zhen Zhong
Published: May 2011

The frequency of ground records on liquefied and non-liquefied sites is different. The calculation method of frequency decreasing rate is given here and the division line between liquefied and non-liquefied sites is proposed. To analyze the time-frequency curves of acceleration, the zero-crossing method is employed. The soft sites and ordinary non-liquefied sites are included in non-liquefied sites. The results show: (1) The concept and calculation method of frequency decreasing ratio, which is proposed in this paper, can describe the characteristics and regulations of time-frequency on liquefied and non-liquefied sites; (2) Before peak ground acceleration (PGA), the difference of the average frequencies of acceleration on liquefied and non-liquefied sites is not obvious and the average frequency of acceleration on soft sites is smaller than that either on liquefied or non-liquefied sites; (3) After PGA, the average frequency of acceleration on ordinary non-liquefied sites is the highest in the three types of sites, that of soft sites is the middle and that of liquefied sites is the smallest; (4) If the absolute change of the time-frequency is used as the criteria, it will be confused between soft sites and liquefied sites; (5) The threshold value of frequency decreasing ratio is 0.5 between liquefied and non-liquefied sites, which can judge the liquefied sites, non-liquefied sites and soft sites correctly.
Stability Analyses for Single Arch of Arch-Reticulated Shell Hybrid Steel Structure of Conservatories at Gardens by the Bay in Singapore
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Zhao Yi , Shi Yong Jiu , Wang Yuan Qing , Li Guo Xing
Published: May 2011

Conservatories at gardens by the bay in Singapore consist of Cool Dry and Cool Moist, which are intended for the display of plants that typically thrive separately in cool dry and cool moist climates. The envelope itself consists of a grid shell-arch steel structure with a double glazed skin that sits directly on the grid shell, and the arches are the main load-bearing components. This paper analyzed the stability of one single arch whose span is the longest one in the corresponding structure, including buckling analyses and non-linear full range analyses. It also carried out stability analyses on some arch segments. The results showed that the stability bearing capacity of single arches met requirements, while some arch segments didn’t. After using the stiffening ribs, the local stability reached its requirements.
A Simple Model for Natural Dam Break: I Formulation
Authors: Dang Chao , Ding Yu , Cheng Zun Lan , Chu Na Na
Published: May 2011

A mathematical model to simulate the natural dam break process and to forecast the flood hydrograph in the breach is developed in this paper. The breach is assumed trapezoidal, coupling with the bottom width and side slope angle keeping constants during the overall process of dam breach. Simulation of dam breach evolution is based on the conservation of mass of reservoir capacity and sediment transport capacity. Particularly, broad-crest weir relation is utilized to simulate the outflow in the breach, and an empirical equation is used to compute the rate of erosion in the breached section. Because of the implicit form of these equations, an iterative solution is proposed with convergence achieved in a few iterations. The model can be used by engineers or decision makers for a wide range of applications including risk assessment of natural dams, flood routing forecasting in the downstream reach as well as floodplain inundation mapping .
Mechanical Behavior of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular out Stiffener Ring Connections with Reduced Beam Section
Authors: Li Cheng Yu , Guo Yao Jie
Published: May 2011

The past study indicates that, when the space joint of concentric annular-stiffer is loaded, stress concentration may generate at corner. The destruction usually concentrates in the joint region, and then cannot generate “strong joint”. To change this unfavorable characteristic, the reduced beam section connection is adopted. Through oriented reducing beam section, the plastic region is formed, which can achieve the aim of “weak beam, strong joint”. After the simulation and analysis to space joints on outer concentric annular-stiffer which are processed by reduced beam section, the loading conditions of the joints are obviously improved in the following aspects: (1) the stress distribution on annular plate is smoothed obviously, the degree of stress concentration on corner is significantly decreased; (2) to assure plastic hinge firstly appear on the beam end but not the ring surface, we can change the size of ring plate, length of beam and the flange weaken degree; (3)the joint stiffness does not decrease during the stage of elastic loading; (4)under repeated loading, the joint region has little change and the plastic expansion on the ring surface is not obvious. Above all, reducing beam section can improve the mechanical properties of CFST-steel beam space joints with outer concentric annular-stiffer, thus the “strong joint” requirement could be fulfilled.
Analyses of Temperature Loads’ and Support Settlements’ Effect on Load Bearing Capacity of Arch-Reticulated Shell Hybrid Steel Structure of Beijing Jiangtai Winter Garden
Authors: He Xiao Ping , Gao Yang , Shi Yong Jiu , Wang Yuan Qing , Lu Kai
Published: May 2011

To large span spatial structures, the displacements and internal forces caused by temperature loads and support settlements cannot be ignored. Beijing Jiangtai winter garden mainly consists of reticulated shell and glass curtain wall. The reticulated shell is composed of 9 spatial arches and other common frames, thus it can be seen as arch-reticulated shell hybrid structure. The two ends of the arches are supported at the top of steel columns and concrete walls separately. The glass curtain wall is fixed to vertical cables. This paper chose eight load cases including temperature loads and support settlements, and used ANSYS to analyze static responses of the structure under such load combinations. The comparative results showed that temperature loads had more effect on the structure’s load bearing capacity than support settlements. And the superiority of hybrid structures was fully embodied in the conclusions of this paper.
Research on Seismic Behavior of Concrete Filled Square Tubular Joints with Reduced Beam Section under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Chi Jia Xiang , Nie Shao Feng , Zhou Tian Hua , Sun Tao
Published: May 2011

The 3D nonlinear FEM models of concrete-filled square tubular column with internal diaphragms and steel beams with reduced beam section bolt-weld joints, involving geometric, materials and contact nonlinear were founded. The results of FEM are agreed to that of tests, so we can conclude that FEM in this paper is correct. Then the bearing capacity behavior of joints under cyclic loading are analyzed, including P-Δskeleton curves, P-Δ hysteretic curves, the dissipating energy ability and destruction form. The analysis results show that the plastic hinge in the joint with reduced beam section is removed to the reduced beam region. The joints that studied in this paper present excellent ductility and dissipating energy ability, therefore, all of them have a good seismic behavior.
Analysis on Deformation of Pre-Splitting Steel Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened by Prestressed CFRP
Authors: Ha Na , Wang Lian Guang , Fu Shen Yuan
Published: May 2011

In order to improve the bearing capacity of SRC which is related with deformation and stiffiness, SRC beams should be strengthened by CFRP. Based on the experiment of six pre-splitting steel reinforced concrete beams strengthened with (Prestressed) CFRP sheets, the deformation of beams are discussed. Load-deformation curves are obtained by the experiment. Considering the influence of intial bending moment on SRC beams, the calculated deformation formulas of SRC beams strengthened by (Prestressed) CFRP are deduced. The results showed that the load-deformation curves of normal and strengthened beams respectively showed three and two linear characteristics. The theoretical results which calculated by the formulas of deformation are well agreement with the experimental results.
Stress Analysis of Underground Arch Structure
Authors: He Bin , Lu Jun Long
Published: May 2011

To research the safety of an underground defense project and the impact to other buildings, applying basic mechanics principles, established two types of mathematical model for arch about the project, and analyzed stress in different directions of ground arch structure. The data shows that the results were very different in different mathematical models, and mathematical models should be considered as close to actual stress situation in structural analysis. In the structural analysis involved soil, spatial finite element model is more accurate and reasonable than truss finite element model.