bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Madrid nocturno de fines del siglo XIX (1890)
Authors: Barreiro Javier
Published: June 2020

En un tiempo fronterizo y con la capital del reino en expansión, en Madrid se vivía de noche. Teatros, cafés, espectáculos, tascas y verbenas bullen con un público alegre y nocherniego. Madrid recibe las rachas de modernidad y las transformaciones del fin de siglo pero también subsisten la miseria espeluznante, la prostitución más triste, todos los fantasmas de la llamada España negra, que dan fe de un espectro social lleno de energía y de contrastes.
Fa’ālīyatu Istikhdāmi Wasāili al-Qiṣṣoh al-Ṣūriyyah Litarqiyati Mahārati al-Kitābah bi al-Lughati al-‘Arabiyyah
Authors: Sulton Moh.
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

 

This research was conducted owing to numerous students who felt bored as they followed Arabic learning which it was triggered by the method of teaching used by the teacher relying on the lecture method only. Moreover, there was an enormous number of students feeling hard associated with applying what they have acquired in the class, for instance arranging simple sentences and so on.

Meanwhile, the purpose of this research was to know whether there was an impact of comic medium usage in improving writing capability in terms of Arabic learning of students whose grade was 7th at Islamic Junior High School At-Tarbawiyah East Tamberu Sampang Madura as well as to find out how big the effect of the comic medium itself.

This research was a quantitative one using an experimental study whose data was obtained from the students of 7th grade of Islamic Junior High School At-Tarbawiyah East Tamberu Sampang Madura with the figure of 30 teenagers. Furthermore, the researcher divided that amount into two groups. While the first group called The Controlling Group encompassed 15 students, the second group named The Experimental Group consisting of the same amount, 15 students. The data collection techniques used in this research were Pre-Test and Post-Test whereas the data analysis technique used the T-Test, with the analysis data requirement which should distribute Normality and Homogeneity.

From the result of the data analysis, it testified that the score of the experimental group (37.3) was considerably higher in comparison with that of the controlling class (20.0), and it illustrated that there was a remarked impact of comic media usage in accordance with developing the writing competency of Arabic learning toward the students of 7th grade at Islamic Junior High School At-Tarbawiyah East Tamberu Sampang Madura with the substantially high discrepancy of range, at 17.3.

 

Keywords          : Comic Medium, Writing Proficiency.
I’dādu Mu’jami Ṣuhufiy “’Arabiy-Indūnīsiy wa Indūnīsiy ‘Arabiy” Mu’tamidan ‘alā Kitābi Lughatu al-Jarāidi: al-Tahaniy wa al-Ta’aziy wa Syatta al-I’lānāt
Authors: Maryam Shovi , Murtadho Nurul , Ma’shum Ali
Published: June 2020

This study aims to describe the characteristic and quality of Journalistic Arabic Dictionary. This study method has five development steps (1) analysis and data collection, (2) design, (3) development, (4) validation, and (5) revision. The result showed that the average level of product quality is very good in content and design according to validators, lecturer, and students of Arabic Literature in State University of Malang.
Distoseptispora bambusae sp. nov. (Distoseptisporaceae) on bamboo from China and Thailand
Authors: Sun Yaru , Goonasekara Ishani , Thambugala Kasun , Jayawardena Ruvishika , Wang Yong , Hyde Kevin
Published: June 2020

Bamboo is a widespread plant with medicinal value. During our taxonomic study on medicinal plants, three collections of Distoseptispora were made from China and Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS and RPB2 sequence data showed that two collections represented a new species, phylogenetically distinct from other described species in Distoseptispora.

This new species has macronematous, mononematous conidiophores, polyblastic or monoblastic conidiogenous cells and acrogenous, solitary, straight, obclavate, multi-septate, thick-walled conidia. Distoseptispora bambusae sp. nov. is introduced with illustrations and a comprehensive description. The third collection on dead wood from Thailand was identified as D. tectona with newly-generated molecular data for this taxon.
World crisis: paradoxes of analysis and scenario options for development
Authors: Afontsev Sergey A.
Published: June 2020

During the period of global crises, economists often form the belief that the current shocks are unique and after them “the world economy will no longer be the same”. At first glance, the current crisis gives every reason for similar generalizations. However, the analysis shows that both the crisis deployment mechanisms and the factors of its exacerbation demonstrate a high degree of continuity with previous episodes of crisis dynamics. This means that getting out of crisis will also be not a unique challenge, but a task closely linked to previous global experience of anti-crisis policy. Calculations show that the depth of the economic recession in the Russian Federation can be about one and a half times higher than the expected rate of decline in the global economy, and real population income in 2020 under a negative scenario can decrease by more than 10%. This means that the income support should become one of the top priorities of the anti-crisis policy in Russia. Ignoring it can not only make the crisis deeper but also bring give to problems in the socio-political sphere.
A new species of Tachycines Adelung, 1902 (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae, Aemodogryllinae, Aemodogryllini) from karst caves in Guizhou, China
Authors: Zhou Xulin , Yang Weicheng
Published: June 2020

Tachycines (Gymnaeta) trapezialissp. nov. (梯形裸灶螽) is described with specimens collected from Diaosiyan and Sanjiaoshan caves in Ziyun County, Guizhou, China. The unique trapezoidal shape of the epiphallus in males and the subgenital plate in females, which separate the new taxon from its congeners, are illustrated.
The genus Scaptodrosophila Duda (Diptera, Drosophilidae), part III: the riverata species group from China, with morphological and molecular evidence for five new species
Authors: Lin Yong , Chen Hong-Wei
Published: June 2020

A new species group, theriverataspecies group, is established within the genusScaptodrosophilabased on morphological and molecular evidence for five known and five new species from China:S. abdentatasp. nov.,S. cederholmi(Okada, 1988),S. crocata(Bock, 1976),S. paraclubata(Sundaran & Gupta, 1991),S. platyrhinasp. nov.,S. puncticeps(Okada, 1956),S. riverata(Singh & Gupta, 1977),S. serrateifoliaceasp. nov.,S. sinuatasp. nov.andS. tanyrhinasp. nov.A key to this group is provided. Furthermore, 51 mtDNACOIsequences belonging toS. puncticeps,S. riverataand the five new species are used for verifying species boundaries defined by the morphological data.
Two new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Songthela from Hunan Province, China (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae)
Authors: Li Dengqing , Liu Fengxiang , Li Daiqin , Xu Xin
Published: June 2020

This study reports two new species of the primitively segmented spider genus Songthela from Hunan Province, China, based on morphological characters: S. huangyangsp. nov. (♂♀), S. xiangnansp. nov. (♂♀). Additional material also facilitates a more accurate description of S. goulouensis (Yin, 2001) with the first description of the male. Nucleotide data for the barcoding gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), is also provided for these three species.
A new species of Sarcophaga (Pandelleisca) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from Turkey
Authors: Pekbey Gamze
Published: June 2020

A new species, Sarcophaga (Pandelleisca) mersinensissp. nov.is described from the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The male terminalia are documented with line drawings, photographs and scanning electron microscope images. The species is compared with the two most similar species, Sarcophaga (Pandelleisca) baudeti (Lehrer) and Sarcophaga (Pandelleisca) theodori (Lehrer), both known from Israel. A key is provided to the western Palaearctic species ofPandelleiscaRohdendorf.
Five new species of Dolichomitus Smith from the tropical Andes, with a key for the South American species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae)
Authors: Araujo Rodrigo O. , Pádua Diego G. , Jaramillo Jorge , Mazariegos Luis A.
Published: June 2020

DolichomitusSmith is a widely distributed pimpline genus with more than seventy known species. There are eight species previously reported from South America:D. annulicornis(Cameron),D. bivittatusTownes,D. hypermecesTownes,D. jataiLoffredo & Penteado-Dias,D. longicaudaSmith,D. megalourus(Morley),D. moacyriLoffredo & Penteado-Dias andD. zonatus(Cresson). In this paper, we describe five new species:D. mariajosaeAraujo & Pádua,sp. nov.,D. menaiAraujo & Pádua,sp. nov.,D. orejuelaiAraujo & Pádua,sp. nov.,D. pimmiAraujo & Pádua,sp. nov., andD. rendoniAraujo & Pádua,sp. nov.All have been collected in cloud forests in the Colombian tropical Andes. An illustrated key to the South American species of the genus is also provided.
Using Hawgent Dynamic Mathematic Software in Teaching Trigonometry
Authors: Tanu Wijaya Tommy , Ying Zhou , Purnama Aditya
Published: June 2020

Learning media is a help assistant for students to understand mathematics concept. Sometimes textbooks are very boring and not interesting therefore an innovation using a technology based media is needed. This research aims to make a learning media to improve students’ ability on the topic of trigonometry. The learning process will use hawgent dynamic mathematic software as a mathematics learning media. The problems that we are going to find out through this research are 1) can developing a learning media such as hawgent dynamic mathematic software improve students’ mathematical ability? and 2) did the student show a positive response in the learning process when using hawgent dynamic mathematic software? This research will use the ADDIE method. The target of this research are 30 high school students. The instruments use for this research are the cognitive test, interview and observation. According to the research result, there is an improvement in the students’ mathematical ability for trigonometry when using hawgent dynamic mathematic software. This means that the implementation of hawgent dynamic mathematic software in the learning process is successful. Students are more active and enthusiastic in class. In conclusion, developing hawgent dynamic mathematic software can improve the students’ mathematical ability in trigonometry as students’ show positive response when the learning process is helped by hawgent.
Personalized Allocation of English Teaching Resources through Weight Calculation Based on Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency
Authors: Tian Yuxin
Published: June 2020

Yuxin Tian (1988.2) Female, was born in Shaanxi Xi'an. She graduated from New York University, M.A. in TESOL. Now, she works at School of International Education, Northwest University. Her main research interests include Second Language Acquisition, Second Language Teaching and Technology, Intercultural Communication. During work, she leads the Social Science Research Project funded by the Shaanxi Education Department and was a key participant of the Social Science Project funded by the Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences.
Evaluating the Quality of Social Web Applications Using the LSP Method
Authors: Orehovački Tihomir
Published: June 2020

Quality is an essential determinant of the success of every type of software and social Web applications are not an exception. It is therefore of great importance that the examination of the degree to which social Web applications meet predefined requirements related to particular facets of quality is performed effectively and frequently. With an objective to facilitate evaluation procedure and enable comparison of social Web applications at all levels of the quality model, we initiated a research into development of a methodology that will aggregate quality requirements into a single score. The work presented in this paper draws on the employment of the logic scoring of preference (LSP) method and outlines only some parts of the aforementioned methodology. After identifying quality attributes that constitute the requirement tree, elementary criteria for both objective and subjective performance variables were introduced. As a follow up, field experts were included in the study in order to determine weights of performance variables within particular performance subsystem. Finally, the appropriate logic aggregation operators were selected based on the relevance of performance variables
Software-Defined Networking
Authors: López Millán Víctor M.
Published: June 2020

The connection of billions of devices to the internet poses numerous challenges to the networking infrastructure. The traditional networking paradigm is anticipated to be unable to cope with a scenario of myriad heterogenous devices connected through both wireless and wired links. The mobility and instability of a significant portion of the devices of the IoT demand a flexible and agile response of the network to adapt and keep the appropriate policies in effect. Software-defined networking (SDN) moves the intelligence of the network to a central controller with a global vision of the network capable of issuing timely instructions to the network nodes to accommodate the constant changes. This chapter presents the SDN paradigm, covering its architecture, functional blocks, interfaces, and protocols. The focus is put on the application of SDN to IoT environments supporting different applications, each with its specific difficulties, exploring current trends to tackle the identified challenges.
Wireless Sensor Networks in IPM
Authors: Petrić Mina , Marsboom Cedric , Vandendriessche Jurgen
Published: June 2020

An emerging field for environmental wireless sensor networks (WSN) is entomological vector surveillance. Sensor technology can be used to shoulder ecologically friendly practices within the integrated pest management (IPM) approach. Proper surveillance and subsequent modelling of the impact that pest and disease have on human health and crop agriculture is a pressing issue in numerous segments. Complex numerical models are being developed to generate information regarding the population dynamics of vector species and the expected circulation of vector-borne disease (VBD). These models require detailed micrometeorological forcing representative of the vector habitat to generate accurate simulations. Near real-time data offload in remote areas with flexible channels of communication for complex and heterogeneous topographies is an important component in this type of application. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of the scope and best-practice approaches in applying WSN technology to drive IPM models.
An Unified Secured Cloud System for the Education Sector of India
Authors: Ambekar Kimaya Arun , Kamatchi R.
Published: June 2020

Cloud computing is based on years of research on various computing paradigms. It provides elasticity, which is useful in the situations of uneven ICT resources demands. As the world is moving towards digitalization, the education sector is expected to meet the pace. Acquiring and maintaining the ICT resources also necessitates a huge amount of cost. Education sector as a community can use cloud services on various levels. Though the cloud is very successfully running technology, it also shows some flaws in the area of security, privacy and trust. The research demonstrates a model in which major security areas are covered like authorization, authentication, identity management, access control, privacy, data encryption, and network security. The total idea revolves around the community cloud as university at the center and other associated colleges accessing the resources. This study uses OpenStack environment to create a complete cloud environment. The validation of the model is performed using some cases and some tools.
Intelligence Applied to Smart Cities Through Architecture and Urbanism
Authors: Cantarero-García Guadalupe
Published: June 2020

Implementation of the smart city concept in architectural school programs is neither evident nor simple. The starting point is a historical heritage of established patterns shaped to different schools of thought that have independently worked on territories at different scales: urban planning and building construction. The Spanish scenario understands the smart city as the ICTs (information and communication technologies) applied to security, data processing, logistics, energy management, among others, but we must not forget the Spanish urban plans born from the architecture discipline and how buildings are positioned within a site. The aim of this study is to highlight some reflections on the need to unite multiple and artificial intelligences so that the latter does not monopolize or gain exclusivity within the smart city design guidelines and listens to the city's demands.
Consumer Privacy Regulations
Authors: Davis Martha
Published: June 2020

Big data and analytics have not only changed how businesses interact with consumers, but also how consumers interact with the larger world. Smart cities, IoT, cloud, and edge computing technologies are all enabled by data and can provide significant societal benefits via efficiencies and reduction of waste. However, data breaches have also caused serious harm to customers by exposing personal information. Consumers often are unable to make informed decisions about their digital privacy because they are in a position of asymmetric information. There are an increasing number of privacy regulations to give consumers more control over their data. This chapter provides an overview of data privacy regulations, including GDPR. In today's globalized economy, the patchwork of international privacy regulations is difficult to navigate, and, in many instances, fails to provide adequate business certainty or consumer protection. This chapter also discusses current research and implications for costs, data-driven innovation, and consumer trust.
Characteristics of Effective Early Childhood Leaders
Authors: Hazegh Mastaneh
Published: June 2020

Effective leadership in early childhood is vital for quality early childhood care and education. There is a need for a comprehensive and coordinated system of early childhood leadership training. To create fiscally sound early childhood programs with learning environments that nurture and challenge young children and with work environments that develop, support, and retain skilled teachers, program directors capable of strong leadership are essential. There is a need to establish policies and pathways to ensure early childhood leaders are well prepared. The purpose of this study was to identify sets of characteristics that are essential for effective early childhood leadership and explore the challenges early childhood leaders encounter in an effort to become effective leaders. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends relational leadership as an essential component of the framework for effective leadership in early childhood education.
An Early Childhood Professional Development Model for Technology Integration
Authors: MacKay Kathryn Lake , Hall-Kenyon Kendra M.
Published: June 2020

This chapter shares the experiences of two early childhood educators as they participated in an early childhood professional development model focused on overcoming the barriers that often impact the integration of technology in PreK-K classrooms. The professional development model attended to three external barriers (i.e., lack of time, lack of access, and lack of support) and three internal barriers (i.e., teacher readiness, teacher attitudes, and teacher pedagogical beliefs). The experiences of these two educators indicated the following: 1) when the external barriers to technology are adequately addressed, more space is provided to attend to the internal barriers; 2) the barrier of readiness may be more easily overcome when teacher attitude is not a barrier; 3) overcoming the barriers of readiness and attitude precedes a change in pedagogical beliefs and practices; and 4) teacher attitudes are more likely to change when teacher learn from their respected colleagues. The chapter concludes by offering ideas for ECE leaders to consider as they plan and implement PD models.
Creating a Leadership Learning Community
Authors: Macy Marisa , Towson Jacqueline , Levin Judith
Published: June 2020

A blended approach where pre-service and in-service professionals attend the same professional development event has the potential to create a leadership learning community. Bidirectional opportunities can result from a professional development format where experienced in-service professionals spend time with pre-service professionals. Public schools and universities can play a part in providing valuable resources to the community. This study shares how a leadership learning community was created by blending professional development to serve the needs of pre-service graduate students and in-service professionals in the field of early childhood education.
The Role of Administrators in Recruiting, Retaining, and Respecting Early Childhood Educators
Authors: Luther Vicki L.
Published: June 2020

This chapter focuses upon the role of school administrators in protecting and preserving the well-being of early childhood educators. The author discusses the importance of recruiting and retaining high-quality teachers who work with children to the age of eight. It is essential that the youngest students receive the skills necessary for success in later grades, and there is great need for early childhood professionals to be recognized for the valuable skillsets that they bring to the field. Developing and maintaining school environments that recognize the significance of the early childhood educator can promote more respectful school climates and can retain professionals in the field.
Approaches to Effective Early Childhood Leadership for Quality Child Care and Learning
Authors: Ajayi Hannah O. , Adelokun Adedapo
Published: June 2020

Considering the importance of the early childhood period in the life of every child, experts have advocated the provision of a safe, secure, and enabling environment in care centres to help children develop appropriately. The place of leadership in childcare settings may not be detached from the provision of enabling environments that will enhance the all-round development of children. This chapter, therefore, focuses on the part leadership could play in early childhood care and education, analyzing the situation in the Nigerian ECCE settings and discusses different leadership approached for effective leadership that may give room for the centre and societal sustainability.
Quality Is a Difference Maker
Authors: Yamoah Michael , Nyatsikor Maxwell Kwesi
Published: June 2020

This chapter explores quality issues in early childhood education with emphasis on developing countries. Early childhood education forms the foundation upon which subsequent formal education is acquired. The quality of early childhood education and experiences learners engage in affect the quality of their present and future physical, social, intellectual, emotional, and behavioral outcomes. The chapter explores the connections between the quality of school settings, leadership, climate, and culture and school outcomes. Moreover, the impact of home and teacher characteristics as well as instructional quality on early childhood education outcomes is examined. The chapter concludes by identifying some challenges that confront the delivery of quality early childhood education in developing countries and offer workable strategies that would guarantee that developing countries are not left out in the global quest to provide quality education for all as espoused by Sustainable Development Goal 4.
Leading a Culture of Data Use in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Crain-Dorough Mindy , Bennett Kristy , Gasquet Jill
Published: June 2020

In this chapter, the authors present evidence-based strategies for effective data use in early childhood education. These strategies are presented in a table where they are aligned with the credo from All I Ever Needed to Know I Learned in Kindergarten by Robert Fulghum. The various roles of early childhood educational leaders are described along with how these leaders can more effectively fulfill their roles via effective data leadership. Background information is provided for two areas: overall early childhood educational leadership and leading a culture of data use for any educational context.
Understanding Culturally Responsive Play Through Drama-Based Pedagogy
Authors: McCartney Holly B. , Streeter Joshua Rashon , Bodle Aaron T.
Published: June 2020

In this chapter, the authors outline three critical professional and ethical considerations for school leaders in early childhood settings to consider when examining the importance of including play in early childhood curricula. Beginning with an exploration of the critical role play serves in the lives of young children and positing that fundamentally, play is broadly supported across the domains of early childhood through theoretical and empirical work as well as more recent scientific support from neurological research. The authors outline a broader definition of play beyond a Eurocentric vision, and the ways in which school administrators can and should view play as culturally responsive pedagogy through the use of drama-based pedagogy.
Revising Cultural Competence and Critical Consciousness for Early Childhood Education
Authors: Raj Ambika Gopal
Published: June 2020

This chapter revises two important critical pedagogy concepts—cultural competence and critical consciousness—so they make meaning in early childhood educational contexts. Cultural psychology theories are used to re-conceptualize these terms from a non-Euro-centric perspective to emphasize that children's holistic development is nuanced particularly by the communities that they develop within. These terms are also examined from a critical pedagogical context of “super-diversity” through a discussion on identity and community cultural wealth to broach the idea that sites of early childhood education must serve as spaces that give agency and empowerment, given the trans-migratory world we live in. Further, Derman-Sparks and Edwards' conception of anti-bias education is demonstrated in the use of Persona Dolls, specifically for pedagogical leadership, in instructional settings as a way to broach critical pedagogy. Finally, some strategies for pedagogical leadership are suggested.
Bridging Social Justice-Oriented Theories to Practice in Teacher Education Utilizing Ethical Reasoning in Action and Case-Based Teaching
Authors: Kavanagh Kara Maura
Published: June 2020

Teachers rarely have preparation to analyze and disrupt the social (in)justice ethical dilemmas that arise in their classrooms. Scans of newspaper headlines reveal teachers making unethical decisions. Yet, teacher education programs rarely include opportunities for students to systematical analyze social justice-oriented cases that illuminate the inequities rooted in our sociocultural context of teaching and learning. This chapter overviews the process for social justice-oriented case-based teaching with an ethical reasoning framework to bridge the theory-to-practice gap in social justice teacher preparation.
Eternal Graffiti
Authors: Johnson Kate R.
Published: June 2020

This chapter will rely on both poetry and prose to communicate the ideas the author teaches prospective mathematics teachers about social justice and develop their social awareness. She uses qualitative methods developed from performative autoethnography, poetic inquiry, and poetic-narrative autoethnography to accomplish three goals: 1) describe her definition of social justice education, 2) articulate the experiences that led her to use poetry in class, and 3) expand on the ways she uses poetry with prospective mathematics teachers. Further, she explores how different kinds of silence are a necessary component to developing social awareness and how poetry can foster these productive silences and allow students to break through unproductive silences.
Evaluation of a Tobacco Cessation Curricular Intervention Among Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Faculty Members
Authors: Heath Janie , Kelley Frances J. , Andrews Jeannette , Crowell Nancy , Corelli Robin L. , Hudmon Karen Suchanek
Published: June 2020

Background In 2002, a report indicated that tobacco-related curricular content in educational programs for acute care nurse practitioners was insufficient. To provide healthcare professionals with the necessary knowledge and skills to intervene with patients who smoke tobacco, the Summer Institute for Tobacco Control Practices in Nursing Education was implemented at Georgetown University in Washington, DC.

Objective To evaluate the impact of a train-the-trainer program in which the Rx for Change: Clinician-Assisted Tobacco Cessation curriculum was used among faculty members of acute care nurse practitioner programs.

Methods Thirty faculty members participated in the 2-day train-the-trainer program. Surveys were administered at baseline and 12 months after training to examine perceived effectiveness for teaching tobacco content, the value of using an evidence-based national guideline, and the number of hours of tobacco content integrated in curricula.

Results The percentage of faculty members who devoted at least 3 hours to tobacco education increased from 22.2% to 74.1% (P<.001). Perceived effectiveness in teaching tobacco cessation also increased (P < .001), as did mean scores for the perceived value of using an evidence-based national guideline (P<.001).

Conclusions Use of the Rx for Change train-the-trainer program can enhance the level of tobacco education provided in acute care nurse practitioner programs. Widespread adoption of an evidence-based tobacco education in nursing curricula is recommended to help decrease tobacco-related morbidity and mortality.
Accuracy and Precision of Noninvasive Temperature Measurement in Adult Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Lawson Lari , Bridges Elizabeth J. , Ballou Isabelle , Eraker Ruthe , Greco Sheryl , Shively Janie , Sochulak Vanessa
Published: June 2020

Background Research on the accuracy and precision of noninvasive methods of measuring body temperature is equivocal.

Objectives To determine accuracy and precision of oral, ear-based, temporal artery, and axillary temperature measurements compared with pulmonary artery temperature.

Methods Repeated-measures design conducted for 6 months. Sequential temperature measurements on the same side of the body were obtained within 1 minute, with measurements repeated 3 times at 20-minute intervals. Accuracy, precision, and confidence limits were analyzed.

Results In 60 adults with cardiopulmonary disease and a pulmonary artery catheter, mean pulmonary artery temperature was 37.1°C (SD 0.6°C, range 35.3°C–39.4°C). Mean (SD) offset from pulmonary artery temperature (with the mean reflecting accuracy and SD reflecting precision) and confidence limits were 0.09°C (0.43°C) and −0.75°C to 0.93°C for oral measurements, −0.36°C (0.56°C) and −1.46°C to 0.74°C for ear measurements, −0.02°C (0.47°C) and −0.92°C to 0.88°C for temporal artery measurements, and 0.23°C (0.44°C) and −0.64°C to 1.12°C for axillary measurements. Percentage of pairs with differences greater than ±0.5°C was 19% for oral, 49% for ear, 20% for temporal artery, and 27% for axillary measurements. Intubation increased oral measurements compared with pulmonary artery temperatures (mean difference 0.3°C, SD 0.3°C, P = .001).

Conclusions Oral and temporal artery measurements were most accurate and precise. Axillary measurements underestimated pulmonary artery temperature. Ear measurements were least accurate and precise. Intubation affected the accuracy of oral measurements; diaphoresis and airflow across the face may affect temporal artery measurements.
Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemia Therapy for Verapamil Poisoning: A Review
Authors: Patel Nirav P. , Pugh Meredith E. , Goldberg Steven , Eiger Glenn
Published: June 2020

Treatment of patients with verapamil overdose remains challenging. Traditional decontamination and supportive measures with intravenous calcium and vasopressors are the mainstays in initial care. Recently, the successful use of rescue hyperinsulinemic euglycemia therapy has been described in multiple cases. Treatment resulted in improved hemodynamic parameters and increased metabolic efficiency in patients with a low-output, myocardial shock state. Information on clinical use of hyperinsulinemic euglycemia therapy in humans is limited to case reports and small case series; no controlled clinical trials have been done. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemia therapy should be considered for patients with calcium channel blocker overdose who do not respond to initial supportive therapy.
Authorized Agent–Controlled Analgesia for Pain Management in Critically Ill Adult Patients
Authors: Benjenk Ivy , Messing Jonathan , Lenihan Megan J. , Hernandez Madelyn , Amdur Richard , Sirajuddin Sarah , Davison Danielle , Schroeder Mary E. , Sarani Babak
Published: June 2020

Background

Patient-controlled analgesia is commonly used for adult patients requiring parenteral opioid analgesia in the postoperative setting. However, many patients are unable to use patient-controlled analgesia because of physical or cognitive limitations. Authorized agent–controlled analgesia, in which a nurse or family member activates the patient-controlled analgesia device, has been studied in the pediatric population but has received little attention in adults.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of authorized agent–controlled analgesia in critically ill adult patients.

Methods

A retrospective pilot study was conducted involving 46 patients who were placed on an authorized agent–controlled analgesia protocol in a mixed medical/surgical adult intensive care unit. Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool scores were abstracted for the 24 hours before and after initiation of authorized agent–controlled analgesia. Authorized agent–controlled analgesia was administered by nurses only.

Results

The mean (SD) change in pain score was –3.4 (2.0) (95% CI, –4.0 to –2.7), representing a 69% decrease in the mean (SD) pain score from before to after initiation of authorized agent–controlled analgesia (4.8 [1.8] vs 1.5 [1.6]; P < .001). When the results were controlled for time, sedative administration, and opioid medication administration, the effect of authorized agent–controlled analgesia initiation on pain scores remained significant (P < .001).

Conclusions

Use of authorized agent–controlled analgesia is associated with a reduction in pain in critically ill patients. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Practice Recommendations for End-of-Life Care in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Jensen Hanne Irene , Halvorsen Kristin , Jerpseth Heidi , Fridh Isabell , Lind Ranveig
Published: June 2020

Topic

A substantial number of patients die in the intensive care unit, so high-quality end-of-life care is an important part of intensive care unit work. However, end-of-life care varies because of lack of knowledge of best practices.

Clinical Relevance

Research shows that high-quality end-of-life care is possible in an intensive care unit. This article encourages nurses to be imaginative and take an individual approach to provide the best possible end-of-life care for patients and their family members.

Purpose of Paper

To provide recommendations for high-quality end-of-life care for patients and family members.

Content Covered

This article touches on the following domains: end-of-life decision-making, place to die, patient comfort, family presence in the intensive care unit, visiting children, family needs, preparing the family, staff presence, when the patient dies, after-death care of the family, and caring for staff.
Use of Physical Restraints in Critical Care Units: Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices
Authors: Kısacık Öznur Gürlek , Sönmez Münevver , Coşğun Tuğba
Published: June 2020

Background

Various factors affect the use of physical restraints in the intensive care unit, with nurses’ knowledge and attitudes being the strongest determinants.

Objective

To determine Turkish intensive care unit nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding physical restraints and factors influencing them.

Methods

This cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted in the intensive care units of state and university hospitals. A total of 191 nurses provided information on their sociodemographic and professional characteristics and completed a questionnaire on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding physical restraints.

Results

Statistically significant differences were found between average knowledge scores according to type of intensive care unit, weekly working hours, work shift, and frequency of using physical restraints, with the highest scores found in nurses who worked in the surgical unit, worked 40 hours a week, worked only during the day, and used physical restraints every day. Significant differences were found between average attitude scores according to type of intensive care unit, with the highest scores found in nurses who worked in the cardiology unit. Significant differences were found between average practice scores according to level of education and use of physical restraints without a physician’s order, with the highest scores found in nurses with undergraduate and postgraduate degrees and those who did not use physical restraints without a physician’s order.

Conclusions

This study revealed inadequate knowledge about physical restraints and some unsafe practices among participants. Evidence-based guidelines and laws regarding physical restraints are needed, as well as regular training programs for involved personnel.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplant: Considerations for Critical Care Nursing Practice
Authors: Koons Brittany , Siebert Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Topic

Candidates waiting for lung transplant are sicker now than ever before. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has become useful as a bridge to lung transplant for these critically ill patients.

Clinical Relevance

Critical care nurses must be prepared to care for the increasing number of lung transplant patients who require this advanced support method.

Purpose of Paper

To provide critical care nurses with the foundational knowledge essential for delivering quality care to this high-acuity transplant patient population.

Content Covered

This review describes the types of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (venovenous and venoarterial), provides an overview of the indications and contraindications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and discusses the role of clinical bedside nurses in the treatment of patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplant.
Lifestyles and living standard disparities in the pandemicity of COVID-19 in the Global North versus the Global South Countries
Authors: Desta Takele Taye
Published: June 2020

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is imposing an extraordinary threat to global health. Consequently, fear has been raised in that the COVID-19 pandemic could disproportionately affect lowincome countries. Low-income countries are mainly concentrated in the Global South of the tropics with a high diversity of pathogens, and a considerable proportion of people living under chronic poverty. All these risks might have made Southern people develop a sort of herd immunity and resilience against a broad range of infections. The analysis of the COVID-19 Worldometers data by using country-, territory-, or conveyance-wise summarized in Global North (64 countries) and Global South (147 countries) suggested the high incidence of COVID-19 infection in the North world countries. However, this should be treated with caution given the low testing and contact tracing, and presumably reporting capacity, by the South World countries. Nevertheless, Southern people are living under minimal healthcare, consequently, their relative wellness amidst the COVID-19 crisis could not be overlooked. The observed differences in infectivity, however, might not be ethnically-biased but most likely they could be due to the differences in the living standard, healthcare systems as well as the lifestyle of Global North versus Global South countries.
Associations between the larval-pupal parasitoids Erycia furibunda and E. festinans (Diptera: Tachinidae) and respectively, the sympatric and syntopic butterflies Euphydryas aurinia provincialis and Melitaea cinxia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Pinzari M. , Pinzari M. , Cesaroni D.
Published: June 2020

Several studies on butterfly ecology and biology of Melitaeini butterflies have been carried out in the past, however the factors affecting butterfly mortality and the role of natural enemies on population dynamics are not yet fully known. Larval survival plays a key role in determining butterfly population size and distribution range; thus, knowing the sources and variation in larval mortality is essential understanding and predicting population dynamics. Butterfly larval mortality is generally ascribed to abiotic factors, predators and parasitoids (mainly Diptera and Hymenoptera). Among Diptera, tachinids parasitize primarily larval Lepidoptera. In this paper, we report the results of 5-year observations in the wild and captivity on the tachinids, Erycia furibunda and E. festinans, parasitoids of caterpillars of a population of Euphydryas aurinia spp. provincialis and Melitaea cinxia in Central Italy revealing their host specifity. The hosts, E. aurinia and M. cinxia, and parasitoids, E. furibunda and E. festinans, inhabit the same habitat and their life cycles highly overlap, nevertheless, the parasitoids maintain their host specifity: E. furibunda as parasitoid of E. aurinia; E. festinans as parasitoid of M. cinxia. This was confirmed by our findings during the butterfly breeding activities carried out for over five years. Although the role of chemical cues in host finding requires further research, according to our observations the presence of only E. furibunda on larval webs of E. aurinia let us suppose that the mechanism by which E. furibunda locates its host could be based on olfactory cues emitted by feeding damage to host plants that act from afar. Similarly, the mechanism of host finding used by E. festinans could act to select its host, M. cinxia. Furthermore, we illustrate some diagnostic features of adults for the identification of the studied parasitoids.
[Trophic activity of Vulpes vulpes in a wetland: which effects on the reproductive biology of Ardea purpurea?]
Authors: Alessandria Gianfranco , Carpegna Franco
Published: June 2020

[In an Ardea purpurea colony regularly monitored from 2004 to 2018, some predatory events of Vulpes vulpes have been observed since 2010. This was followed by a reduction in the reproductive success and in the number of breeding pairs. Some herons likely abandoned their nests in the reed bed and moved to nesting on trees. The Authors discuss the possibility that these events were a consequence of the predatory activity of the red fox.]

 

[Article in Italian]
Nevoid acanthosis nigricans: Report of four cases localized to the umbilicus
Authors: Reyes-Meza Sonia E. , Guevara-Gutiérrez Elizabeth , Villanueva-Quintero Guadalupe , Hernández-Arana Socorro , Tlacuilo-Parra Alberto
Published: June 2020

Nevoid acanthosis nigricans is a rare, benign form of acanthosis nigricans. Of the 24 cases documented in the literature, only two are exclusively localized to the umbilicus. We present four cases of nevoid acanthosis nigricans localized to the umbilicus; in patients less than 25 years of age, with no known co-morbidities, three of whom were females. Two of the cases received, with good response, treatment based on topical calcipotriol, a medication not previously reported to be used for this indication. Contrary to other types of acanthosis nigricans, the nevoid acanthosis nigricans is not associated with any syndrome, endocrinopathy, obesity, medication, or neoplasia and it can be confused with other pathologies such as epidermal nevus or dermatosis neglecta.
Vehicle Electromagnetic Immunity - Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: June 2020

This SAE Standard specifies the ESD test methods and procedures necessary to evaluate electronic modules intended for vehicle use. It describes test procedures for evaluating electronic modules in complete vehicles.

A procedure for verifying the simulator that is used to generate the electrostatic discharges is given in Appendix A.

Functional status classifications for immunity to ESD are given in Appendix B.
Geçici Stres Dönemi ve Sonrasında Hıyar Bitkilerinin İyon Dağılımının İncelenmesi
Authors: Nurullah BAYRAM  , Özlem ÜZAL
Published: June 2020

Orkestra F1 hıyar çeşidinin kullanıldığı araştırmada; tuz stresi altında ve geri kazanım sürecinde hıyar bitkisindeki metabolik olayların nasıl etkilendiğini açıklığa kavuşturmak, tuz stresi altında meydana gelen zararlanmaların ve geri kazanım süresinde meydana gelen iyileşmelerin belirlenerek, bitkilerin tuz stresine karşı nasıl tepkiler verdiğini ve hangi uyum mekanizmaları geliştirdiğini anlamak amaçlanmıştır. Normal atmosferin sağlandığı iklim odasında ve su kültüründe yapılan çalışmada tuz uygulanmadan önce bitki örnekleri alınarak, besin çözeltisine 25, 50, 75 mM tuz konsantrasyonunu sağlayacak şekilde NaCl ilave edilmiştir. Tuz uygulamasının 6. ve 9. günlerinde örnek alma işlemi yapılmıştır. Daha sonra tuz uygulaması kesilip bitkiler hogland çözeltisinde gelişimine devam edilmiş, geri kazanım sürecinin 7. ve 14. günde bitki örnekleri alınmıştır. Bitkilerin, bazı biyokimyasal analizleri tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, uygulanan tuz stresinin süresinin ve konsantrasyonunun kısa süreli stres ve düşük tuz konsantrasyonunda (25 mM) geri kazanım sürecinin ikinci periyodunda toparlayabildiği söylenebilir. Bitkiler 50 ve 75 mM tuz konsantrasyonunda metabolik aktiviteyi kontrol altında tutabilmek için büyümelerini sınırlandırarak bitkiyi kontrol edebilecek seviyede tutmuştur. Bitkilerin kök, gövde ve yapraklarındaki  Na, K, Ca ve Cl elementleri dağılımı analizler sonucunda tuz uygulanan her üç dönemde de bitkiler üzerindeki olumsuz etkiler geri kazanım sürecinin ikinci periyodunda azaldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Tokat-Kazova Ekolojik Koşullarında Farklı Sıra Arası ve Tohumluk Miktarlarının Yonca (Medicago sativa L.)'da Ot Verimi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Mahir ÖZKURT  , Yaşar KARADAĞ
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırma Tokat-Kazova ekolojik koşullarında farklı sıra arası ve tohumluk miktarlarının yoncada ot verimine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla 2014-2016 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada Bilensoy-80 yonca çeşidinde, dört farklı sıra aralığında (15, 30, 45 ve 60 cm)  altı farklı tohumluk miktarı (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 ve 3.0 kg/da) incelenmiştir. Deneme tesadüf bloklarından bölünmüş parseller deneme deseninde dört tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüş, sıra aralığı ana parsellere, tohumluk miktarları ise alt parsellere yerleştirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen iki yıllık ortalama sonuçlara göre, en yüksek yeşil ot verimi (9 456.1 kg/da), 15 cm sıra arası ve 2.5 kg/da tohumluk miktarı uygulamasından elde edilirken, en yüksek ana sap çapı (3.20 mm) 15 cm sıra arası ve 0.5 kg/da tohumluk miktarı uygulamasından, en yüksek bitki boyu ise (80.4 cm) 30 cm sıra arası ve 0.5 kg/da tohumluk miktarı uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Tokat- Kazova ekolojik koşullarında yoncadan yüksek ot verimi alabilmek için 15 cm sıra arası mesafesi ve 2.5 kg/da tohumluk miktarı ile yetiştirilmesinin uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.