bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stroke Lesion Segmentation and Analysis using Entropy/Otsu’s Function – A Study with Social Group Optimization
Authors: Satapathy Suresh Chandra , Fernandes Steven Lawrence , Lin Hong
Published: December 2018

Background:

Stroke is one of the major causes for the momentary/permanent disability
in the human community. Usually, stroke will originate in the brain section because of the neurological
deficit and this kind of brain abnormality can be predicted by scrutinizing the periphery of
brain region. Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) is the extensively considered imaging procedure
to record the interior sections of the brain to support visual inspection process.

Objective:

In the proposed work, a semi-automated examination procedure is proposed to inspect
the province and the severity of the stroke lesion using the MRI.
associations while known disease-lncRNA associations are required only.

Method:

Recently discovered heuristic approach called the Social Group Optimization (SGO) algorithm
is considered to pre-process the test image based on a chosen image multi-thresholding
procedure. Later, a chosen segmentation procedure is considered in the post-processing section to
mine the stroke lesion from the pre-processed image.

Results:

In this paper, the pre-processing work is executed with the well known thresholding approaches,
such as Shannon’s entropy, Kapur’s entropy and Otsu’s function. Similarly, the postprocessing
task is executed using most successful procedures, such as level set, active contour and
watershed algorithm.

Conclusion:

The proposed procedure is experimentally inspected using the benchmark brain
stroke database known as Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation (ISLES 2015) challenge database.
The results of this experimental work authenticates that, Shannon’s approach along with the LS
segmentation offers superior average values compared with the other approaches considered in
this research work.
Probiotics Efficacy on Oxidative Stress Values in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Ballini Andrea , Santacroce Luigi , Cantore Stefania , Bottalico Lucrezia , Dipalma Gianna , Topi Skender , Saini Rajiv , De Vito Danila , Inchingolo Francesco
Published: December 2018

Background:

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn’s disease (CD) and
ulcerative colitis (UC), are described as a chronic inflammation of the small intestine and colon, caused
by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible subjects.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compare probiotic therapy versus placebo in Oxidative Stress
Values and clinical features in patients affected by IBD.

Method:

Forty (40) patients previously diagnosed for IBD were recruited and randomized to receive
probiotics (test group, n=20) or placebo (control group, n=20) administered for 90 days. Subjects in
both the groups were assessed for overall oxidant ability (d-ROMs test) and for the antioxidant response
(BAP test): data were reported at baseline, after 1 and 3 months. Additional data from anamnesis
and haematological investigation were also reported during the study.

Results:

d-ROM assay clearly showed that the values observed in the test group were significantly
improved, leading to oxidative stress values which are not pathological. The test group showed increasing
BAP values, thus confirming the overall improvements of patients ‘health following administration
of probiotics.

Conclusion:

Oral administration of the specific probiotics demonstrated its efficacy and safety on patients
affected by IBD.
Strategies for Autism Diagnosis and Care in Resource Deprived Settings in Africa: An Overview
Authors: Oshodi Yewande Olufunmilayo , Campbell Elizabeth Adebola , Lesi Foluso Ebun Afolabi
Published: December 2018

Background and Goals:

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) exist in Africa as
they do everywhere in the world. Historically they have been under recognized and under
studied. The aim of this paper is to review the existing challenges of ASD care and diagnosis
in Africa, with a view to describing workable unique strategies deployable within the
continent.

Methods:

We present an overview of the existing medical literature and summarize key
findings in relation to the topic of ASD in Africa. First, as a preliminary step, we highlight
key findings from previous epidemiological surveys. Second, we undertook a review of
relevant available evidence from the various African regions. When the authors were familiar
with additional local or regional scientific works, these were also used and referenced.

Discussion:

There has been a growing awareness of the extent to which ASDs exist and have
an impact on affected individuals and their families. There are many barriers to diagnosis and
effective interventions. These include lack of trained personnel, stigma and cultural beliefs
regarding etiology, disparities in resources between urban and rural areas, and poverty.
Nonetheless, partnerships to support research and the development of culturally appropriate
interventions can be developed and strengths exist in the communities that can be harnessed
to improve care.
Characteristics of Extremaduran Agri-food Companies According to Innovation Strategies
Authors: Martínez-Azúa Beatriz Corchuelo , Martín-Vegas Felipe
Published: December 2018

Background:

Agri-food industry is of great importance in the manufacturing
industry of Spain and, more specifically, in the Autonomous Community of
Extremadura. This industry is undergoing substantial changes that detect the need to
include innovation within its strategies to change and adapt its products to new
consumers' food demands and markets in order to be more competitive and to
differentiate from other producers. As in other industries, innovation provides agri-food
companies with the possibility of generating higher incomes and increasing their
productivity and competitiveness.

Methods:

Based on these considerations, the main objective of this study is to
analyze how agri-food companies in Extremadura value the importance of innovation
in their strategies, and to carry out their characterization based on innovation
strategies.

Results and Discussion:

Data have been taken from a survey conducted in 2013
from which a representative sample of agri-food companies was selected.
Exploratory factor analysis differentiates four types of strategies based on the
importance that companies give to innovation, from which firms are characterized
according to a series of variables such as size, innovative activity, innovation barriers,
benefits of innovation, and demand of public actions.

Conclusion:

The results obtained permit to differentiate typologies of agri-food
companies from the innovative policy point of view. This characterization is
important and useful for designing public policies.
KOMBİ MONTAJ HATTINDA REBA YÖNTEMİ İLE ERGONOMİK RİSK ANALİZİ
Authors: Gürleyen Elif , Kahya Emin
Published: December 2018

Uygun olmayan çalışma duruşları kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarına
neden olduğu gibi, üretimde verimin düşmesine de yol açmaktadır. Dolayısıyla
ergonomi disiplininin öncelikli amacı, çalışma koşullarını iyileştirerek, iş
görenin çalışma ve yaşam kalitesini yükseltmek ve verimliliği arttırmaktır. Kas
iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarının önlenmesi amacıyla iş yerlerinde ergonomik
risk değerlendirme yöntemleri uygulanmakta ve yapılan düzenlemelerle iş yükü azaltılmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, bir işletmenin kombi montaj hattında bulunan 62 işlemin ergonomik
risk düzeyleri REBA yöntemi ile tespit edilmiş, 15 istasyonun ortalama skorları
belirlenmiştir.  Yapılan analizlerde en
yüksek riskli istasyonlar Fan Gruplama ve 3. Paketleme istasyonları çıkmıştır.
Bu istasyonlarda montaj esnasında çalışanın eğilmelerini ve yük kaldırmalarını
azaltacak iyileştirmeler önerilmiş ve bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda montaj
hattındaki tüm istasyonların ergonomik risk düzeyleri kabul edilebilir düzeye
çekilmiştir. Yapılan iyileştirmeler sonucunda kas-iskelet sisteminde
oluşabilecek rahatsızlıkların azalması beklenmektedir.
ERGONOMİK RİSK DEĞERLENDİRME YÖNTEMLERİ VE AHP YÖNTEMİ İLE ÇALIŞMA DURUŞLARININ ANALİZİ: AĞIR VE TEHLİKELİ İŞLER İÇİN BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: KILIÇ DELİCE Elif , AYIK İlknur , ABİDİNOĞLU Öykü Nur , ÇİFTÇİ Nisa Nur , SEZER Yasin
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada amaç, ağır ve tehlikeli iş grubuna giren
bir tüp üretim fabrikasında ergonomik risk değerlendirme yöntemlerinden olan
REBA, OWAS, QEC ve MANTRA yöntemlerini kullanılarak riskli çalışma duruşlarını
içeren görevleri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak bu
çalışmada; üretim aşamalarının (görevlerinin) ve vücut bölümlerinin risk
değerlendirmeleri ayrı ayrı yapılmıştır. İlk olarak bütünleşik bir
değerlendirme yapılabilmesi için bu dört yöntem AHP yöntemi ile önceliklendirilmiştir.  AHP sürecinde anlaşılabilirlik,
kullanılabilirlik, süre, girdi ve çıktı verileri olmak üzere beş kriter
kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra işçilerin zorlandıkları görevler, bu
görevlerde sıklıkla sergiledikleri çalışma duruşları belirlenmiş ve bu
duruşların risk kategorileri REBA, OWAS, QEC ve MANTRA yöntemleri ile
değerlendirilmiştir. Son olarak, AHP yönteminden elde edilen önceliklerde
kullanılarak bütünleşik bir sonuç elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuca göre, en riskli
görevler tüp alt kısmını oluşturma ve küçük tüp asma görevleri iken, bu
görevlerde en çok zorlanan vücut bölümleri ise bilek ve sırt bölümleridir.  Öncelikli olarak bu görevler ve vücut
bölümleri için iş ve iş istasyonları ergonomik açıdan düzenlenerek çalışma duruşları
uygun hale getirilmelidir.
SAĞLIK KURUMLARINDA ÇALIŞAN PERSONELİN İŞ STRESİ, YORGUNLUK VE TÜKENMİŞLİK İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: KALINKARA Velittin , KALAYCI İşıl
Published: December 2018

Araştırma Isparta’daki
bazı sağlık kurumlarında yürütülmüştür. Sağlık personelinin iş yükü, yorgunluk
ve tükenmişlik ilişkisini belirlemeye dönük bu çalışma hasta ile doğrudan
ilişkili çalışan hekim, hemşire ve yardımcı personel üzerinde
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sağlık çalışanlarının iş stresi, yorgunluk ve
tükenmişliğini belirlemede İsveç İş Yükü-Kontrol-Destek Anketi, Merhamet
Ölçeği ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri kullanılmıştır. İş stresi,
yorgunluk ve tükenmişlik ilişkisini belirlemede korelasyon analizi; meslek,
cinsiyet, yaş, deneyim, zorlanma durumu ve işin zorluk derecesinin iş stresi,
yorgunluk ve tükenmişlik üzerindeki etkisini belirlemede varyans analizi ve t
testi uygulanmıştır.

Araştırma sonucunda
Merhamet Ölçeği ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği alt boyutları arasında yüksek
korelasyon izlenmektedir. Özellikle duyarsızlaşma alt boyutu ile
Merhamet Ölçeği alt boyutları arasındaki korelasyon yüksektir (p<0,01). Yaş
ilerledikçe (p<0,01) ve eğitim düzeyi yükseldikçe iş yükü azalmakta
(p<0,05), iş kontrolü (p<0,01) artmaktadır. Düşük eğitim, düşük gelir ve
fiziksel zorlanma yardımcı personelin iş stresini artırmaktadır. Hemşirelerin
(p<0,01) sosyal destek gereksinimi hekim ve yardımcı personelden daha
yüksektir. Zorlanma arttıkça iş yükü (p<0,01) ve sosyal destek gereksinimi
(p<0,01) artmakta; yaş ilerledikçe duygusal tükenme azalmakta (p<0,02) ve
kişisel başarısızlık artmakta (p<0,01); eğitim yükseldikçe duygusal tükenme
artmaktadır (p<0,01).
Using Blockchain Technology to Manage Clinical Trials Data: A Proof-of-Concept Study (Preprint)
Authors: Maslove David M , Klein Jacob , Brohman Kathryn , Martin Patrick
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Blockchain technology is emerging as an innovative tool in data and software security.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the role of blockchain in supporting clinical trials data management and develop a proof-of-concept implementation of a patient-facing and researcher-facing system.

METHODS

Blockchain-based Smart Contracts were built using the Ethereum platform.

RESULTS

We described BlockTrial, a system that uses a Web-based interface to allow users to run trials-related Smart Contracts on an Ethereum network. Functions allow patients to grant researchers access to their data and allow researchers to submit queries for data that are stored off chain. As a type of distributed ledger, the system generates a durable and transparent log of these and other transactions. BlockTrial could be used to increase the trustworthiness of data collected during clinical research with benefits to researchers, regulators, and drug companies alike. In addition, the system could empower patients to become more active and fully informed partners in research.

CONCLUSIONS

Blockchain technology presents an opportunity to address some of the common threats to the integrity of data collected in clinical trials and ensure that the analysis of these data comply with prespecified plans. Further technical work is needed to add additional functions. Policies must be developed to determine the optimal models for participation in the system by its various stakeholders.
A Clinical Decision Support System (KNOWBED) to Integrate Scientific Knowledge at the Bedside: Development and Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Martinez-Garcia Alicia , Naranjo-Saucedo Ana Belén , Rivas Jose Antonio , Romero Tabares Antonio , Marín Cassinello Ana , Andrés-Martín Anselmo , Sánchez Laguna Francisco José , Villegas Roman , Pérez León Francisco De Paula , Moreno Conde Jesús , Parra Calderón Carlos Luis
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

The evidence-based medicine (EBM) paradigm requires the development of health care professionals’ skills in the efficient search of evidence in the literature, and in the application of formal rules to evaluate this evidence. Incorporating this methodology into the decision-making routine of clinical practice will improve the patients’ health care, increase patient safety, and optimize resources use.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a new tool (KNOWBED system) as a clinical decision support system to support scientific knowledge, enabling health care professionals to quickly carry out decision-making processes based on EBM during their routine clinical practice.

METHODS

Two components integrate the KNOWBED system: a web-based knowledge station and a mobile app. A use case (bronchiolitis pathology) was selected to validate the KNOWBED system in the context of the Paediatrics Unit of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital (Seville, Spain). The validation was covered in a 3-month pilot using 2 indicators: usability and efficacy.

RESULTS

The KNOWBED system has been designed, developed, and validated to support clinical decision making in mobility based on standards that have been incorporated into the routine clinical practice of health care professionals. Using this tool, health care professionals can consult existing scientific knowledge at the bedside, and access recommendations of clinical protocols established based on EBM. During the pilot project, 15 health care professionals participated and accessed the system for a total of 59 times.

CONCLUSIONS

The KNOWBED system is a useful and innovative tool for health care professionals. The usability surveys filled in by the system users highlight that it is easy to access the knowledge base. This paper also sets out some improvements to be made in the future.
Economic impact of atrial fibrillation ablation with radiofrequency contact force catheter versus cryoballoon catheter
Authors: Pollak Scott J , Goldstein Laura , Daskiran Mehmet , Kalsekar Iftekhar , Khanna Rahul
Published: December 2018

Aim:
To compare health utilization among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing ablation with a contact force-sensing (CF) catheter versus a cryoballoon (CB) catheter.
Methods:
AF patients who underwent ablation using the CF catheter (THERMOCOOL SMARTTOUCH
®
catheter) or CB catheter (Arctic Front™/Arctic Front Advance™ catheter) were identified from the Premier Healthcare database. Propensity score analyses were used to evaluate cost, length of stay and readmissions.
Results:
The CF catheter (n = 1409) was associated with significantly lower total (∼7%) and supply (∼13%) costs and a significantly lower likelihood of 4–12 month all-cause and CV-related readmission compared with the CB catheter (n = 2306).
Conclusion:
Differential health utilization outcomes are associated with the CF catheter versus the CB catheter in AF ablation.
O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) como mecanismo de política de inclusão na agricultura familiar do Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Nunes Emanoel Márcio , Morais Adriano Costa de , Aquino Joacir Rufino de , Gurgel Ienilton Alves
Published: December 2018

O objetivo é analisar a importância do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) como mecanismo de inclusão e de política com foco na demanda, e explicar as transformações que o PNAE tem possibilitado na estrutura da agricultura familiar da região Nordeste do Brasil. Como metodologia, os dados utilizados no trabalho são de base secundária, extraídos dos sites do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE) e do Portal da Transparência do Governo Federal, tendo como foco o número de alunos das escolas municipais e estaduais e os repasses do PNAE nos municípios, bem como a compra da agricultura familiar por meio da Lei 11.947/2009. A pesquisa buscará demonstrar que o PNAE tem contribuído para a diversificação da agricultura familiar, na formação de hábitos alimentares mais saudáveis, e no surgimento e consolidação de organizações coletivas (cooperativas) dos agricultores familiares, contribuindo para a construção de mercados e para a dinamização no nível dos municípios. Concluindo, buscaremos revelar que a região Nordeste possui significativo potencial especialmente através dos pequenos municípios, mas que necessita de mecanismos legais para a inserção dos produtos da agricultura familiar nos mercados, a exemplo do Serviço de Inspeção Municipal (SIM), entre outros desafios.
Relaciones infraestructurales: agua, poder político y el surgimiento de un nuevo régimen despótico
Authors: Strang Veronica
Published: December 2018

Ya han pasado sesenta años desde que Karl Wittfogel destacara una relación clave entre el poder político y la propiedad y el control del agua. Estudios posteriores han sugerido, en un sentido acorde, que la exclusión de la propiedad de recursos esenciales representa una forma profunda de exclusión —una pérdida de participación democrática en la dirección societaria—. Varios campos de desarrollo teórico han clarificado estos temas. Algunos antropólogos han explorado la relación recursiva entre arreglos políticos y sistemas de creencia cosmológicos. Las definiciones estrechas de propiedad han sido cuestionadas al tomarse en consideración formas más diversas de propiedad y control de los recursos. Los análisis de la cultura material han mostrado cómo esta amplía la agencia humana, además de tener capacidades de agencia en sí misma; y exploraciones sobre infraestructuras han destacado su papel en la constitución de relaciones sociotécnicas y políticas. Tales aproximaciones son fácilmente aplicables al agua y a la cultura material a través de la cual es controlada y usada. A partir de una investigación histórica y etnográfica sobre el agua en Australia y el Reino Unido, este artículo traza las relaciones cambiantes a lo largo del tiempo entre creencias cosmológicas, infraestructura y arreglos políticos, y

sugiere que la actual tendencia hacia la privatización transnacional de la propiedad del agua abre la puerta al surgimiento de nuevos “regímenes despóticos”.
Territorialidades de la acción estatal extraterritorial: burocracias diaspóricas y migrantes uruguayos en Nueva York y Buenos Aires
Authors: Merenson Silvina
Published: December 2018

El artículo explora, mapea y conecta los lugares en los que la acción estatal extraterritorial es practicada por funcionarios consulares de Uruguay en Nueva York y Buenos Aires y mediada por los migrantes. En el marco de los estudios transnacionales, y a partir de un trabajo de campo multisituado, abordo la producción del espacio como lugar y, con ello, formas diversas de entender “el Estado”, de representarlo o de sentirse representado por él. Para ello describo los lugares en los que la acción estatal extraterritorial cobra cuerpo. Las diferencias y semejanzas existentes entre los casos permiten advertir

los modos en que las trayectorias migratorias, en su conjunción con “estilos consulares”, territorializan (en el lugar de destino) políticas extraterritoriales (de origen).
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Mobil Oyun Profili ve Oynama Alışkanlıkları
Authors: TARLAKAZAN Elif , YAVUZ Erkan
Published: December 2018

Günümüzde internet ve bilgisayar
kullanımı, mobil teknoloji ürünlerinin gelişmesiyle birlikte farklı bir boyut kazanmış,
bu ürünlerin kolay ulaşılabilir ve taşınabilir olması yaşamın vazgeçilmez
unsurları arasında yerini almasını sağlamıştır. Araştırmada dijital oyun
kavramı ve türleri, üniversite öğrencilerinin mobil oyun alışkanlıkları ve tercihleri
incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın temel amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin
mobil oyunlara bakışı ve oynama alışkanlıklarını belirlemektir. Araştırmada Kastamonu
Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar ve Tasarım Fakültesi öğrencileri örneklem grubu
olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında öğrencilere yapılandırılmış anket
formu uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin mobil cihazlarını en çok
sosyal medya ve internet için kullandıkları, mobil oyun oynayanların genellikle
aksiyon/macera oyunlarını tercih ettikleri, yeni çıkan mobil oyunlardan en çok
arkadaşları tarafından haberdar oldukları, oyun oynama amaçlarının zevk eğlence
olduğu, mobil oyunların yabancı dil öğrenimine kısmen katkı sağladığı ve boş
zamanlarını genellikle oyun oynayarak geçirdikleri bilgilerine ulaşılmıştır.
escuela neoliberal en Chile
Authors: López Juan Alejandro González
Published: December 2018

Se presenta una reflexión sobre  la escuela neoliberal en base a su implementación en el caso Chileno. Chile es una de los países en que más lejos se han llevado las medidas neoliberales en educación. El cambio  de rol del Estado, la neutralización de las/ os docentes y la estandarización han generado una nueva forma de hacer escuela que se manifiesta como una más efectiva tecnología de control que la escuela del Estado Docente.   ¿Cuáles son algunas características de esta nueva escuela  ¿Qué funciones mantiene o agrega? ¿Es continuidad  o ruptura con la escuela del estado docente? Son algunas de las interrogantes que motivan este ensayo.
Niveles de salud psicológica y laboral en practicantes de Pilates / Levels of Psychological and Occupational Health in Pilates Adherents
Authors: Boix Vilella Salvador , León Zarceño Eva , Serrano Rosa Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2018

Actualmente, la práctica de Pilates carece de fundamentación científica sólida que establezca beneficios sobre la salud psicológica. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo fue analizar si los participantes que combinan Pilates con otras Actividades Físico-Deportivas (AFD) presentaban puntuaciones más altas en las variables psicosociales y laborales estudiadas que practicantes de Pilates, practicantes de otras AFD diferentes al Pilates y participantes sedentarios. El segundo objetivo fue comprobar si los años de experiencia practicando Pilates, de forma aislada, influían positivamente sobre las variables estudiadas. El cuestionario de autoeficacia (AEG), autoestima (RSE), personalidad situacional (CPS), optimismo (LOT-R), satisfacción laboral (S10/12) y engagement  (UWES) fueron completados por 212 participantes con una edad media de 41.83 años (DT  = 12.41). Los practicantes de Pilates asistían a centros especializados en la técnica Pilates original. La metodología empleada fue de corte transversal. Las puntuaciones más altas en autoeficacia, estabilidad emocional, autoconcepto, optimismo y satisfacción con las prestaciones recibidas obtenidas por el grupo que combina Pilates con otras AFD no son estadísticamente significativas frente al resto de los grupos. Sin embargo, los minutos semanales de AFD correlacionan significativamente con la autoeficacia, el autoconcepto y la tendencia optimista. Los resultados del segundo objetivo muestran diferencias significativas en las variables autoeficacia y autoconcepto entre los practicantes más expertos de Pilates con respecto a los principiantes. Como conclusión, no se detectan diferencias significativas entre los grupos analizados, pero una práctica continuada y regular de Pilates en el tiempo, superior a 5 años, puede reportar interesantes beneficios psicológicos.
Playfulness and Freedom of Choice in Matters of Belonging
Authors: Ceginskas Viktorija L.A.
Published: December 2018

Dorothea Breier 2017. The Vague Feeling of Belonging of a Transcultural Generation. An Ethnographic Study on Germans and their Descendants in Contemporary Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. 250 pp. Diss. ISBN 978-951-51-3811-8 (paperback). ISBN 978-951-51-3812-5 (PDF).
Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells by Methanol Extract from the Calyx of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn
Authors: Yeasmin Tanzima , Ali Hanif , Yesmin Rumana , Islam Majidul , Hoshen Akter , Habib Rowshanul , Satter Mohammed Abdus , Haque Kazi Muhammad Faisal
Published: December 2018

Objectives: This study focused on the antioxidant and anticancer activities of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx. Methods: In vitro methods were used to determine the different types of phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx as well as its cytotoxic effect against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. In vivo, the antineoplastic effect of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma was also evaluated by determining the viable tumor cell count, survival time, body weight gain, and hematological profi les of experimental mice along with observing morphological changes of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells by fl uorescence microscopy and determining the expression of p53 gene in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Chemical composition of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results: Flavonoid rich methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx had showed remarkable antioxidant activity and in in vitro assay, methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx had potent inhibitory effect against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 28.16 µg/mL. Apoptotic morphological changes and increased expression of p53 gene in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells derived from methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx-treated (5 and 10 mg/kg/day) mice were also observed. Moreover, chemical constituents identifi ed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses were likely related to this activity. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx has promising antioxidant and antineoplastic potential and can be considered as a probable new source for antitumor agent.
ANALISIS LEVEL PERTANYAAN BUKU TEKS BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS X KURIKULUM 2013 BERBASIS TAKSONOMI SOLO (STRUCTURE OF OBSERVED LEARNING OUTCOME)
Authors: Siagian Beslina Afriani
Published: December 2018

Kurikulum 2013 dikembangkan dengan tujuan mempersiapkan manusia Indonesia agar memiliki kemampuan hidup sebagai pribadi dan warga negara yang beriman, produktif, kreatif, inovatif, dan afektif serta mampu berkontribusi pada kehidupan bremasyarakat, berbangsa, bernegara, dan peradaban dunia. Itu sebabnya, salah satu karakteristik kurikulum 2013 didasarkan pada keseimbangan aspek sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan level pertanyaan pada Kurikulum 2013 dengan model evaluasi taksonomi SOLO (The Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome). Taksonomi tersebut berbeda dengan taksonomi Bloom karena hanya menggolongkan level pertanyaan menjadi empat tingkatan, yakni pertanyaan unistruktural, pertanyaan multistruktural, pertanyaan relasional, dan pertanyaan abstrak diperluas. Data diperoleh dari Buku Teks Bahasa Indonesia Siswa Kelas X dan dianalisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan penelitian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa level pertanyaan pada buku teks Bahasa Indonesia untuk Siswa Kelas X SMA Edisi Revisi 2014 yang diterbitkan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan berada pada level multistruktural (43,17%) yang mengarah pada level relasional (36,35%). Berarti pemerintah melalui Kurikulum 2013 menuntut siswa untuk dapat memiliki dan menggunakan informasi-informasi serta menghubungkan informasi tersebut agar dapat menyelesaikan persoalan. Siswa harus bisa berpikir secara multifungsi agar mampu memecahkan masalah dengan baik dan benar.
The production and import of fabrics of the Nogais in the 17–19th centuries
Authors: Kuzeeva Zukhra Zalimkhanovna ,   Dagestan Scientific  Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2018

This is the first study to discuss the tradition of using fabrics in the applied arts of the Nogai people in the 17th–19th centuries. The research showed that the textile treatment technique played an important role in the Nogai applied arts. Men’s and women’s clothing, hats, curtains, pillows, wallets and many other items were made of broadcloth, cotton, velvet, silk and other fabrics. The analysis of the sources revealed two main ways of producing fabrics: in-house production indicating the level of the household industry development in the subsistence economy and import of fabrics through the ongoing Nogai contacts with the trade and handicraft centers that proved the historical and cultural relationship between the Nogais and other peoples.
The emergence of state reserve stores in Yakutsk region: a historiographical aspect
Authors: Sosin Mikhail Aleksandrovich ,   Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2018

The paper examined the historical background to state reserve stores and their functioning in Yakutsk region. The research considered the emergence of such stores from the legislative (appropriate legislative framework) and actual (the establishment of the first unofficial shops) points of view in the first half of the 19th century in Yakutsk region. The author identified the Soviet and post-Soviet periods in the historiography of the state reserve stores. In the Soviet historiography, scientists considered this problem from the above-mentioned standpoints. In the post-Soviet period, researchers reviewed this issue indirectly while studying related issues. Having analyzed the relevant laws and regulations and the works of scientists, the author concluded that Yakutsk state reserve stores de facto and de jure appeared in the 1820s, but they became widespread in the 1840s–1850s. The issue under review is of high relevance to the historical community since there are few studies and monographs on the institution of state reserve stores.
Urban population of the northern regions of Buryatia during late socialism
Authors: Baikalov Nikolay Sergeevich ,   Buryat State University, Ubeeva Olga Aleksandrovna ,   Buryat State University
Published: December 2018

The research considered the aspects of the urban population formation in the northern regions of the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Buryat ASSR) in the period of late socialism. The study described the main conditions of and factors in the demographic development of the Arctic equivalent territories. They implied the geographical remoteness from the developed industrial centers of the region, the poor transport routes, the harsh climate and difficult terrain, the low population density, and the prevalence of rural settlements over urban areas. The authors highlighted three stages of the population formation which were dependent on the location of large industrial clusters, including the Baikal-Amur Mainline construction project. The researchers revealed that the positive migration balance prevailed over the natural increase in the period under review. At the turn of the 1980s-1990s, the natural population movement was in a stable condition. When the construction project was complete, there was a massive exodus of the population resulted in the growing rate of natural increase in the demographic structure of the northern regions of Buryatia. However, the growth of crisis phenomena in the country and the collapse of the Soviet Union hindered the implementation of these trends.
The Tyugyasir Evens: population size and settlement in the 20th – early 21st centuries
Authors:   Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Filippova Viktoriya Viktorovna
Published: December 2018

The study analyzes the historical population dynamics and changes in the settlement of one of the local groups of the Yakut Evens, i.e. the Tyugyasirs. The territory of this ethnic group includes two municipalities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): Khara-Ulakhsky National (Even) Nasleg of Bulunsky Ulus (District) and Eveno-Bytantaysky National Ulus (District). The novelty of the study consists in the determination of the size of the Tyugyasir Evens on the basis of previously unclaimed primary sources, the population census of Yakutia, and regional archives. The author counts the population of the above-mentioned group according to the Polar Census of 1926–1927 due to the lack of information on the number of the Tyugyasir Evens in Russian historiography. The research identifies the reasons for the population fluctuation and changes in the settlement of the Tyugyasir Evens in the 20th – early 21st centuries.
The development of Russian studies in universities of Northeast China in the early 21st century
Authors:   Heihe University, Huang Tingting
Published: December 2018

In the context of in-depth partnership and cooperation between the PRC and the Russian Federation, there are positive trends in the development of Russian studies characterized by the growing level and scope of the study of the Russian language in China. However, in an open market economy, English remains the most popular language in the country. Due to the fact that English is a global language, it is easier for English-speaking Chinese youth to get a job. Nevertheless, in recent years, interest in the Russian language has gradually increased in the PRC, especially in its Northeast part which borders on the Russian Federation. The scientific relevance of the research is explained by the opportunity to determine the place and role of the Russian language in the overall process of learning foreign languages in Northeast China in the early 21st century.
On the reflection of the social and cultural solidarity foundations in the modern world: a friend-or-foe confrontation
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of  National Economy and Public Administration, Astafyeva Olga Nikolaevna , Sudakova Natalia Evgenyevna ,   Russian Presidential Academy of  National Economy and Public Administration
Published: December 2018

The issues related to the new content of the friend-or-foe opposition are determined by the need for coherence and cohesion of the modern society inclined to the heterogeneous and diverse social and cultural practices in the context of the continuously changing reality. The growing gaps of different kinds, including intra-cultural ones, force the researchers to provide a deep reflection of the situation to devise the tools for the consolidation of the contemporary society. Re-evaluation of traditional values seriously exacerbates the conflict potential of the present-day society and complicates the identification process that is evident in the domestic culture. The evolving big data culture generates the new communication space which further increases the gap in a friend-or-foe opposition with regard to the generation gap as well. The recognition of the equivalence of Other’s social and cultural experience in the modern world brings to the fore the difficulties in developing proper ideas about Russia in the global community.
Problematization of the legitimation of scientific knowledge in the modern society
Authors:   North Caucasus State Academy of  Humanities and Technologies, Salpagarova Lyudmila Andreevna
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the study is to consider the problem of legitimizing scientific knowledge in the present-day society. The research seeks to clarify the meaning of legitimation, reveal the social and intellectual contexts of this problem, and conduct a comparative analysis of the strategies for legitimizing science in modern and postmodern societies. It is concluded that the problematization of the legitimation of scientific knowledge as its public acceptance and justification is associated with the social and intellectual circumstances and therefore is determined by both changes in the conditions and consequences of science performance in society and the epistemological characteristics of contemporary scientific knowledge. The crisis of the legitimation of science caused by the distrust in metanarratives in postmodern culture is treated as another significant factor in problematization. The author assumes that the search for strategies to legitimize science in the modern society involves the substantiation of new mechanisms of social consensus.
The Fortlets on the Frontier of Dacia Porolissensis: Structures, Landscape, Functionality
Authors: COCIŞ Horațiu
Published: December 2018

The frontier of Dacia Porolissensis was developed within a tripartite scheme or form of organization. In the first line there were the auxiliary forts, in the second one the burgus-type structures and in the third and most remote one, the watchtowers, all these military features being connected by roads and reinforced in the most important areas by linear fortifications. The present study will deal with the second line of burgus-type structures, trying to establish as much as possible their role within the mechanism of the frontier of Dacia Porolissensis. This kind of military border installations has never been studied separately; such being the case, this article aims to quantify all the available information and to bring, as much as possible, a better understanding of how these middle fortifications are actually in charge of intra and extra provinciam traffic and commerce and also, most probably, to intercept small hit-and-run bands or reduced scale brigandage.
Rezumat: Fortificaţiile mediane de pe frontiera Daciei Porolissensis: structuri, peisaj, funcţionalitate. Frontiera Daciei Porolissensis a fost organizată într-o schemă sau formă tripartită de funcționare. În prima linie erau castrele auxiliare, în a doua structurile de tip burgus (fortificații mediane) iar în a treia și cea mai îndepărtată, turnurile de supraveghere, toate aceste elemente militare fiind conectate între ele prin drumuri și întărite în cele mai importante zone cu fortificații liniare. Prezentul studiu tratează a doua linie de structuri de tip burgus, încercând să stabilească pe cât posibil rolul lor în cadrul mecanismului frontierei Daciei Porolissensis. Acest tip de instalații militare limitrofe nu a mai fost studiat separat, din acest motiv, acest articol își propune să cuantifice informația disponibilă și să aducă, pe cât posibil, o mai bună înțelegere asupra rolului acestor fortificații mediane în traficului intra și extra provinciam, a comerțului cât și a rolului, cel mai probabil, în interceptarea micilor raiduri ori a brigandajului la scară redusă.
Cuvinte-cheie: Frontiera romană, Dacia Porolissensis, burgi, fortificații mediane, funcționalitate.
Über C. Iulius Africanus von Tomis
Authors: RUSCU Ligia
Published: December 2018

The paper suggests the identification of C. Iulius Africanus, known from inscriptions erected at Tomis in honour of his daughter and son-in law, who belonged to the elites of the city, with the namesake centurion of the legio XI Claudia, attested epigraphically at Montana in Lower Moesia. This identification leads to a discussion of some aspects of social mobility and of the access of outsiders to the elites of a Greek city, as well as of the integration of Roman veterans into them.
Rezumat: Despre C. Iulius Africanus din Tomis. Articolul propune identificarea lui C. Iulius Africanus, cunoscut din inscripţii ridicate la Tomis în cinstea fiicei şi a ginerelui său, care făceau parte din elita oraşului, cu centurionul omonim al legiunii XI Claudia, atestat epigrafic la Montana în Moesia Inferior. Această identificare prilejuieşte discutarea unor aspecte ale mobilităţii sociale şi ale accesului la elitele unui oraş grecesc, precum şi ale integrării veteranilor romani în acestea.
Cuvinte-cheie: C. Iulius Africanus, Tomis, elite, armata romană, ascensiune socială.
Actitudes y percepciones de docentes y estudiantes en relación a las TIC. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Assinnato Gisela , Sanz Cecilia , Gorga Gladys , Martin María Victoria
Published: December 2018

En este trabajo se relevan estudios que analizan la integración de tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) en la enseñanza y aprendizaje en instituciones de nivel superior. Se pone foco -entre otras variables- en la exploración de actitudes y percepciones de profesores/as y estudiantes. De acuerdo a esta motivación, en este artículo confluyen distintas investigaciones realizadas en diversos países, y cuya selección se efectúa a partir de una revisión bibliográfica sistemática.Las producciones científicas halladas abren reflexiones en torno a posiciones individuales e intersubjetivas respecto del uso de tecnologías digitales en la práctica educativa. Se discuten beneficios y problemáticas que se asocian a estas experiencias, acorde a posibilidades institucionales y habilidades que se ponen en juego para su dominio.Se expone una síntesis del estado del arte, destacándose recurrencias y divergencias entre las distintas publicaciones, y sistematizándose discusiones que podrían profundizarse en instancias futuras. Este análisis resulta en un aporte para los actores educativos que requieran contemplar aspectos influyentes frente a la utilización de las TIC en educación, y/o bien, deban definir acciones estratégicas al respecto. El conjunto de las problematizaciones tributa a la investigación/acción para el fortalecimiento de las prácticas educativas.
Chatbots en redes sociales para el apoyo oportuno de estudiantes universitarios con síntomas de trastorno por déficit de la atención con hiperactividad
Authors: Espinosa Rodríguez Rubén , Pérez de Celis Herrero Concepción , Lara Muñoz María del Carmen , Somodevilla García María Josefa , Pineda Torres Ivo Humberto
Published: December 2018

Se estima que la prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) en estudiantes universitarios es del 2 al 4.5% pero varía de una universidad a otra. Sin embargo, muchos estudiantes evitan acudir a tratamiento por ansiedad, temor al estigma, porque sienten que los problemas de los otros son mayores que los propios o bien desconocen la sintomatología del TDAH. En esta contribución se presenta el diseño e implementación de un chatbot para la aplicación del cuestionario Adult Self Report Scale-Versión 1.1 (EATDAH-A) así como los resultados de la aplicación del mismo y la opinión de los usuarios en cuanto a su utilidad y experiencia como usuario.
Mótun starfskenningar nýrra framhaldsskólakennara: Hvaða þættir ráða för?
Authors: Hauksdóttir Hildur , Steingrímsdóttir María , Svanbjörnsdóttir Birna María B.
Published: December 2018

Fyrstu tvö árin í starfi hafa mikilvæg áhrif á fagmennsku kennara. Í greininni er sjónum beint að mótun starfskenningar nýrra framhaldsskólakennara til að skilja betur hvaða þættir ráða þar för. Rannsóknin er byggð á eigindlegum gögnum.1 Í ársbyrjun 2016 voru tekin viðtöl við átta nýliða í framhaldsskólum. Niðurstöður benda til þess að nýir kennarar átti sig á því að starfskenning þeirra er í stöðugri þróun. Nokkrir þættir virðast vega þyngra en aðrir í því ferli. Þar má nefna samskipti við nemendur, áhrif leiðsagnar og skólamenningu viðkomandi skóla. Leiðsögn fyrir nýliða er víða ómarkviss og skólamenning framhaldsskólanna veitir ekki nægan stuðning. Engu að síður virðast nýliðar þróa með sér seiglu sem er mikilvægur þáttur í starfskenningu.
„Ég virðist alltaf falla á tíma“: Reynsla nemenda sem glíma við námsvanda í Háskóla íslands
Authors: Harðardóttir Sigrún , Svavarsdóttir Sveinbjörg Júlía
Published: December 2018

Háskólar þurfa að bregðast við aukinni fjölbreytni í hópi nemenda með því að mæta ólíkum þörfum þeirra. Í greininni eru kynntar niðurstöður rannsóknar á upplifun og reynslu nemenda sem stunda nám við Félagsvísindasvið Háskóla Íslands. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að varpa ljósi á reynslu nemenda sem glíma við námsvanda. Leitað var svara við eftirfarandi rannsóknarspurningu: Hvað styður og hvað hindrar nemendur í HÍ sem glíma við námsvanda í að takast á við nám sitt? Tekin voru þrjú einstaklingsviðtöl og rýnihópsviðtal við sex nemendur í BA-námi við félagsráðgjafardeild. Niðurstöður sýna að viðmælendur voru ánægðir með ýmsa þætti í skipulagi námsins og fannst skilningur kennara á stöðu þeirra vera góður en töldu þó að í kennsluháttum væru ýmsar hindranir sem gerðu þeim erfitt fyrir. Þær hindranir felist meðal annars í erfiðleikum við aðlögun að háskólasamfélaginu, álagi í námi sem veldur streitu og kvíða og því að of lítið tillit sé tekið til námsvanda þeirra. Slík innsýn í viðhorf nemenda sem glíma við námsvanda getur gagnast kennurum við að taka tillit til fjölbreytileikans í nemendahópnum og stuðlað þannig að bættri sálfélagslegri líðan nemenda, sem aftur hjálpar þeim við námið. Auk þess sýna niðurstöður að aukin áhersla á kennslu í fræðilegum vinnubrögðum ásamt virkri endurgjöf í námi getur hjálpað nemendum með námsvanda.
Tengsl lestraráhugahvatar og lesskilnings nemenda á miðstigi grunnskóla
Authors: Hilmarsdóttir Hafdís Guðrún , Birgisdóttir Freyja , Gestsdóttir Steinunn
Published: December 2018

Rannsóknir sýna að lestraráhugahvöt hefur áhrif á ýmsar hliðar lestrarfærni, svo sem umskráningu, lesskilning og orðaforða. Börn með litla lestraráhugahvöt lesa minna en jafnaldrar með meiri lestraráhuga og sterk tengsl eru á milli slakrar lestraráhugahvatar, lítils lestrar og lestrarerfiðleika. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að kanna hvernig lestraráhugahvöt birtist í 5. og 6. bekk meðal íslenskra nemenda, hvernig hún breytist milli ára og mögulegan kynjamun þar á. Einnig að kanna hvort um tengsl milli lestraráhugahvatar og lesskilnings sé að ræða. Þetta er fyrsta íslenska rannsóknin þar sem hlutverk lestraráhugahvatar í lesskilningi meðal nemenda á miðstigi grunnskóla er rannsakað. Þátttakendur í rannsókninni voru valdir með klasaúrtaki, 400 nemendur úr 24 bekkjum í átta skólum á höfuðborgarsvæðinu og Reykjanesi sem svöruðu spurningalista um lestraráhugahvöt í 5. og 6. bekk. Svör þeirra voru svo tengd við gengi þeirra í lesskilningsverkefnum í 6. bekk. Niðurstöður sýndu að lestraráhugi nemendanna var nokkuð stöðugur milli ára og stúlkurnar höfðu að meðaltali meiri lestraráhuga og forðuðust lestur síður en drengir. Þá spáði lestraráhugahvöt í 5. bekk fyrir um framfarir í lesskilningi í 6. bekk. Með auknum skilningi á mikilvægi lestraráhugahvatar í læsisþróun er hægt að þróa leiðir til að auka áhuga með það að markmiði að auka lesskilning.
Authors: Dewi Ni Komang Elsa , Dewi Sayu Ketut Sutrisna
Published: December 2018

This research was conducted at a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population used are all listed manufacturing companies respectively and disclose information about corporate governance practices in BEI period 2014-2016. Sample determination method used in this study is saturated sampling, with the number of samples obtained 40 companies. Data analysis used is multiple linear regression test. Based on the results of this research analysis found that the size of the board of directors and institutional ownership have a positive and significant effect on capital structure. Another variable that is independent commissioner has positive and insignificant effect on capital structure and managerial ownership have negative and not significant significant to capital structure. This suggests that the more existing board of directors in the company will improve monitoring of management performance, it also applies to the increase of institutional ownership.

 

Keywords: capital structure, corporate governance, manufacturing company