bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação das requisições de exames de imagem solicitados por médicos externos realizados em um hospital de Belém – Pará
Authors: Barreto Ercielem de Lima , Silva Rafael de Azevedo , Brilhante Rafael Vilhena , Frota Regiane Maria França de Carvalho , Franco Karen Margarete Vieira da Silva
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar as requisições de exames de imagem enviadas para o setor de radiologia de um hospital em Belém-Pará. Método: Estudo transversal de caráter exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, descritivo, buscou-se avaliar as solicitações de exames de Ultrassonografia enviadas para o setor de radiologia de um hospital em Belém-Pará no período de outubro a novembro de 2018, independente da procedência, avaliando por meio de média, moda e mediana utilizando o aplicativo Excel 2018 dados de paciente (presença ou ausência de nome, data de nascimento, nome da mãe e procedência) e dados do procedimento (forma de preenchimento, letra legível do médico, presença de exames laboratoriais e hipótese diagnóstica). Resultados: Foram avaliadas 157 requisições de exame, 4 solicitações (2,6%) não tinham o nome do paciente, 84 (53,5%) não continham a data de nascimento do paciente, 95 (60,5%) não possuíam a procedência do paciente, 108 (68,8%) não estava escrito o nome completo do exame por extenso, 2 (1,3%) não estava escrito o nome do exame na solicitação, 52 (33,1%) continham letra ilegível de profissional médico, todas as solicitações (100%) possuíam algum campo não preenchido e em 15 solicitações (9,6%) não estava explicitado a hipótese diagnóstica. Conclusão: A quantidade de informações nas solicitações de exame enviados para o hospital é insatisfatório, comprometendo a qualidade de laudos radiológicos e aumentando riscos de erros diagnósticos.
As árvores não chegam ao céu: dos limites do crescimento à emergência da abundância frugal
Authors: Silva João Alberto Mendonça , Coutinho Dolores Pereira Ribeiro , Maciel Josemar De Campos
Published: September 2019

O artigo, ambientado em material empírico de comunidades quilombolas no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, apresenta reflexão sobre Desenvolvimento Sustentável, partindo da crise entre os conceitos crescimento e desenvolvimento, desembocando na realidade insustentável da atual lógica de Mercado e consumo até propor uma alternativa: a via do Decrescimento e da abundância frugal. Não se propõem aqui alternativas negativas, como de redução ou crescimento negativo, para solucionar as problemáticas apresentadas, mesmo que as mesmas não sejam negadas, mas propõe-se a necessidade de reflexão e ação conscientes e realistas sobre a realidade catastrófica da qual a humanidade está caminhando. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, somando-se às intuições adquiridas em Campo, o artigo se constrói na perspectiva interpretativa e na crítica econômica que buscam um Desenvolvimento Sustentável real e consciente.
Cambios socio-políticos y gobernanza municipal: la complejidad como vínculo
Authors: Vidal Josep Pont
Published: September 2019

As sociedades modernas e complexas de hoje estão mudando rapidamente, superando velhos modelos e paradigmas, de tal forma que nos encontramos em um período de novos tempos ou entre duas eras. No nível municipal, o sistema político aparece como um elemento fundamental nesses processos de mudança. Fenômenos políticos mostram que os referenciais teórico-conceituais usuais têm mostrado seus limites, parece necessário buscar novas arquiteturas explicativas. A ideia-termo que estabelece um elo transversal entre esses diversos conceitos é a complexidade.
Metodologia trabalho de projeto no ensino de testes de hipóteses: uma análise da idoneidade didática
Authors: Gonçalves Gabriela Maria , Fernandes José António
Published: September 2019

Neste trabalho analisamos a idoneidade didática de uma intervenção de ensino sobre a aprendizagem de testes de hipóteses, baseada numa metodologia de trabalho de projeto, que foi implementada em 31 estudantes da Licenciatura de Engenharia Informática do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, no ano letivo 2014-2015. Nessa intervenção de ensino, os estudantes organizaram-se em sete grupos e realizaram um trabalho de projeto, em que os vários dados produzidos pelos diferentes grupos foram estudados e discutidos segundo os componentes e indicadores da idoneidade epistémica, cognitiva e mediacional. A partir da análise produzida, em conclusão, verificou-se uma alta idoneidade epistémica e médias idoneidades cognitiva e mediacional.
Estratégias de alunos na utilização de objetos de aprendizagem na lousa digital num trabalho com álgebra
Authors: Kalinke Marco Aurélio , Derossi Bruna , Mocrosky Luciane Ferreira , Motta Marcelo Souza
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo investigou as estratégias dos alunos na utilização de um objeto de aprendizagem (OA) chamado Balanza Algebraica na lousa digital (LD) e as relacionou com as estratégias utilizadas na resolução de problemas, com lápis e papel, que envolviam a resolução de equações do primeiro grau. A exploração das formas de resolução quando do uso de lápis e papel foram buscadas na literatura, enquanto os dados sobre as formas de resolução da LD foram levantados em pesquisa de campo, realizada com alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola particular de Curitiba – PR. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que nos dois casos há diferenças significativas. Quando os alunos trabalharam com o OA na LD houve a presença da interação e da interatividade e as estratégias são mais próximas de procedimentos algébricos, se comparadas às utilizadas quando resolvem os problemas com lápis e papel, nos quais se observou a predominância de procedimentos numéricos.
Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This supplement summarizes new information available to staff since the issuance of The Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative: A First Assessment of Eligible Countries (December 8, 2005). It focuses on the six members (Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Rwanda, and Senegal) for which staff recommends that remedial actions be taken before the Board determines whether they qualify for debt relief from the Fund under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative.
The Fund's Income Position for FY 2006 - Midyear Review
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This paper presents the Fund’s actual outcome for the first half of FY 2006 together with updated income projections for the year as a whole.
The Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (G-8 Proposal) and Its Implications for the Fund - Further Considerations - Supplemental Information
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

The Executive Board held an informal seminar on September 21, 2005 to discuss possible implementation modalities for the G-8 debt relief proposal. On September 24, 2005, the International Monetary and Financial Committee supported providing 100 percent cancellation of debt owed by HIPCs to the Fund, and considered that this would provide significant additional resources for countries’ efforts to reach the Millennium Development Goals and reinforce long-term debt sustainability.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Trade Conditions in Fund-Supported Programs
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

Approximately half of the countries that had IMF-supported programs during 1993-2003 also had trade-related conditions. A large literature has shown that trade openness is an essential part of the environment in which economic growth and poverty reduction take place.
Establishment of an Exogenous Shocks Facility Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility Trust
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

At the recent Board discussion on strengthening the Fund's assistance to low-income countries dealing with sudden and exogenous shocks, most Directors supported the establishment of an Exogenous Shocks Facility within the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility Trust. In an earlier discussion, Directors noted that exogenous shocks could have significant negative impacts on developing countries' growth, macroeconomic stability, debt sustainability, and poverty, and that low-income countries are particularly vulnerable to shocks due to lack of diversification, limited capacity to build up reserves, and prohibitively expensive or unavailable market insurance. The international community can supplement national efforts for reducing vulnerability to shocks. Recent research shows that foreign assistance can be unusually effective in the aftermath of a shock. Such assistance needs to be available quickly, and it needs to be associated with sound adjustment policies and measures to reduce vulnerability to future shocks.
Asia-Pacific Regional Outlook
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

Looking ahead, prospects are relatively bright. Regional growth is expected to amount to 6 percent both this year and next, propelled by vigorous exports and strong domestic demand in China and India. Meanwhile, headline inflation is expected to remain around 3—3½ percent, as lower food prices offset the impact of higher oil prices. At the same time, the region’s current account balance is forecast to remain around 3 percent of GDP, albeit with large changes in its distribution.
The G-8 Debt Cancellation Proposal and Its Implications for the Fund - Further Considerations
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

The G-8 has proposed that the Fund, the International Development Association, and the African Development Fund cancel 100 percent of their claims on countries having reached, or upon reaching, the completion point under the enhanced Heavily Indebt Poor Country (HIPC) Initiative. The proposal was initially presented to the G-8 Finance Ministers' Conclusions on Development issued on June 11, 2005, and reaffirmed in the statement on Africa signed by G-8 Heads of State and Government at the Gleneagles Summit on July 8, 2005.
Quotas and Voice - Further Considerations
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This paper takes stock of the progress made in quota discussions to date, and examines options for adjustments in quotas or voting power outside of a general quota increase. Section II reviews the status of recent quota discussions, while Section III presents the results of updating the data through 2003. Section IV discusses the options for addressing the distribution of quotas and voting power outside of a general increase in quotas. Section V concludes and poses some issues for discussion.
Implementation of the Policy Support Instrument
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

Within the terms of the proposed decisions, staff has formulated specific proposals on a number of issues raised in general terms during the previous Board discussion: (i) the modalities for a fixed schedule of reviews, including how to signal that a program is back on track; (ii) the application of a misreporting framework under the PSI; and (iii) the relationship between the PSI and the PRS process.
Strengthening the Fund's Ability to Assist Low-Income Countries Meet Balance of Payments Needs Arising from Sudden and Exogenous Shocks -- Supplement
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

The G-8 debt relief proposal, if adopted, should have little impact on the rational and operational aspects of the shocks window, but it may affect some of the financing consideratins, which are taken up in the page on "The G-8 Debt Cancellation Proposal and its Implications for the Fund.
Fiscal Rules—Anchoring Expectations for Sustainable Public Finances
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

The sharp increase in fiscal deficits and public debt in most advanced and several developing economies has raised concerns about the sustainability of public finances and highlighted the need for a significant adjustment over the medium term. This paper assesses the usefulness of fiscal rules in supporting fiscal consolidation, discusses the design and implementation of rules based on a new data base spanning the whole Fund membership, and explores the fiscal framework that could be adopted as countries emerge from the crisis.
The Flexible Credit Line—Guidance on Operational Issues
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

The Flexible Credit Line (FCL) was introduced as part of a package of reforms to the Fund’s lending facilities in March 2009. The following provides operational guidance and further background information on the FCL. SPR (the Emerging Markets Division), FIN, and LEG stand ready to clarify any further questions departments may have on the FCL or other aspects of the reforms to lending and conditionality.
Review of the Fund's Transparency Policy
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

The Fund has come a long way since the inception of its policy toward increased openness some ten years ago. Most Board documents are now published; the volume of information in the Fund’s archives has increased significantly; and the Fund has strengthened outreach efforts to explain its operations and views to the outside world.

Transparency and openness has become increasingly seen as a normal and essential part of the Fund’s business. There are significant benefits from increased transparency: it strengthens the Fund’s ability to influence public debate, subjects the Fund to outside scrutiny, and enhances the Fund’s legitimacy by making it more accountable. These benefits will only loom larger as the Fund takes on a larger role in calling out risks to the global economy, to help prevent future economic and financial crises. Indeed, in today’s world openness from public institutions like the Fund is generally expected.
Update on the Financing of the Fund's Concessional Assistance and Debt Relief to Low-Income Member Countries
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This paper provides a semi-annual review of the status of financing for the Fund’s concessional lending and debt relief to low-income countries (LICs). Since the last review, the Executive Board has approved comprehensive reforms of the Fund’s concessional lending instruments and financing framework.

This update is based on data available at end-August and also takes into account the implications of these reforms.
Debt Bias and Other Distortions
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

Tax distortions are likely to have encouraged excessive leveraging and other financial market problems evident in the crisis. These effects have been little explored, but are potentially macro-relevant. Taxation can result, for example, in a net subsidy to borrowing of hundreds of basis points, raising debt-equity ratios and vulnerabilities from capital inflows.

This paper reviews key channels by which tax distortions can significantly affect financial markets, drawing implications for tax design once the crisis has passed.
Review of the Experience with the Policy Support Instrument
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This review is focused mainly on the implementation of the Policy Support Instrument (PSI) against the goals and expectations set out by the Executive Board. Some possible modifications to the PSI that have been considered by various stakeholders are also touched upon in the concluding section. This review was conducted in parallel with ongoing work on a new architecture of lending facilities for low-income countries (LIC). Based on the results of this review, the reform of LIC facilities is not expected to alter the case for the PSI as a complement to financing instruments.
Statement by the Managing Director on the IMF's Crisis Response and Reform Agenda
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

Crisis response to date. As the world economy has become engulfed in the worst crisis in many generations, the Fund has mobilized on many fronts to support its member countries. We have responded with prompt, large and flexible financial support where needed. Our monitoring, forecasts, and policy advice, informed by a global perspective and by experience from previous crises, have been in high demand. We have deployed a broad financial safety net, through an overhaul of our general lending framework that makes it better suited to members’ needs, and by garnering pledges for a massive increase in Fund resources. And we have contributed to the ongoing collective effort to draw lessons from the crisis for policy, regulation, and the global architecture.
Modifications of the Fund's Conditionality Framework - Application to the Policy Support Instrument
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

In connection with its recent review of the GRA Lending Toolkit and Conditionality—Reform Proposals, the Executive Board decided that the Fund would move to a review-based approach to monitor the implementation of structural reforms in the context of Fund-supported programs, including under PRGF or ESF arrangements.
Framework Administered Account for Selected Fund Activities- Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) Subaccount
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

In March 2009, the Fund established a new Framework Administered Account to administer external financial resources for selected Fund activities (the “SFA Instrument”). The financing of activities under the terms of the SFA Instrument is implemented through the establishment and operation of a subaccount within the SFA. The subaccount for Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) Topical Trust Fund (“TTF”) would be the second one under the SFA. This paper requests Executive Board approval to establish the AML/CFT TTF subaccount (the “Subaccount”) under the terms of the SFA Instrument.
The State of Public Finances-Outlook and Medium-Term Policies After the 2008 Crisis
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This paper quantifies the fiscal implications of the crisis, assesses the status of fiscal balances after the shock, and discusses the strategy to ensure fiscal solvency.

The focus is primarily on advanced and emerging economies, complementing the Board paper on the effect of the crisis on low-income countries. While, for practical purposes, some of the empirical evidence presented refers only to the G-20, information is provided also for other countries, and the analysis also applies to them. A Companion Paper provides supporting material. As a general caveat, the estimates presented are subject to a significant degree of uncertainty, and developments should be closely monitored as new information becomes available.
Macro-Fiscal Implications of Health Care Reform in Advanced and Emerging Economies - Case Studies
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This supplement provides country case studies on public health care expenditures and reform experiences in eight advanced and six emerging market economies. The case studies for the advanced economies seek to highlight specific episodes of success in containing public health spending during the past 30 years. For the emerging economies, the case studies take a broader approach and examine reform experiences and challenges during the past two decades rather than focusing exclusively on episodes of successful reform. The lessons from the case studies for other countries are integrated into the main Board paper.
Fourteenth General Review of Quotas - Realigning Quota Shares - Initial Considerations
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This note provides operational guidance and background information on the use of Fund resources for budgetary financing. It does this in the context of concerns expressed by some Executive Board Directors that, by providing such financing, the Fund might be held accountable for the quality of budgetary spending; that repayment could be subject to country budgetary processes; and that budget financing is the role of other institutions.
Changing Patterns of Global Trade
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

The past few decades have seen important shifts that have reshaped the global trade landscape. As a share of global output, trade is now at almost three times the level in the early 1950s, in large part driven by the integration of rapidly growing emerging market economies (EMEs). The expansion in trade is mostly accounted for by growth in noncommodity exports, especially of high-technology products such as computers and electronics. It is also characterized by a growing role of global supply chains and an ongoing shift of technology content toward EMEs. These developments in global trade have been associated with growing trade interconnectedness and carry important implications for trade patterns, in particular in response to relative price changes. The aim of this paper is to outline the factors underlying these changes and analyze their implications for the outlook for global trade patterns.
Macroprudential Policy - An Organizing Framework
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

Macroprudential policy is a complement to microprudential policy and it interacts with other types of public policy that have an impact on systemic financial stability. Indeed, prudential regulation, as carried out in the past, also had some macroprudential aspects, and the recent crisis has reinforced this focus; hence, a clear separation between “micro” and “macro” prudential, if useful conceptually, is difficult to delineate in practice. Moreover, no matter how different policy mandates are structured, financial stability tends to be a common responsibility, reflecting the far reaching consequences of financial crises. This calls for coordination across policies, to ensure that systemic risk is comprehensively addressed. Equally important, macroprudential policy is no substitute for sound policies more broadly, including, in particular, strong prudential regulation and supervision, and sound macroeconomic policies. Operational independence in other policy areas, including monetary and microprudential policy, should not be undermined in the name of macroprudential policy. Finally, given the global nature of the financial system, the multilateral aspects of macroprudential policy will need to be fully considered—an important aspect that is only touched upon in this paper.
2011 Review of the Standards and Codes Initiative — Background Paper
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This paper serves as background reference to the paper, "2011 Review of the Standards and Codes Initiative." The Initiative, which covers standards in 12 policy areas relevant for Bank and Fund work, was created as an integral part of a global response to promote financial stability in the aftermath of the Asian crisis in the 1990s. This paper discusses developments since the Initiative’s last review in 2005. In particular, it covers the evolution of standards in the 12 policy areas, progress in implementing measures to improve the effectiveness of the Initiative, the role that the Initiative played in the recent global crisis, and perceptions of major stakeholders reflected in survey responses and bilateral consultations conducted by staff.
Fiscal Policy and Long-Term Growth
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This paper explores how fiscal policy can affect medium- to long-term growth. It identifies the main channels through which fiscal policy can influence growth and distills practical lessons for policymakers. The particular mix of policy measures, however, will depend on country-specific conditions, capacities, and preferences. The paper draws on the Fund’s extensive technical assistance on fiscal reforms as well as several analytical studies, including a novel approach for country studies, a statistical analysis of growth accelerations following fiscal reforms, and simulations of an endogenous growth model.
Guidance Note for Surveillance Under Article IV Consultations
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This note provides country teams with guidance on bilateral and multilateral surveillance in the context of Article IV consultations. It covers the following issues: Focus on stability. Stability is the organizing principle of surveillance. Article IV consultations should focus on the conduct of economic and financial policies pursued by members to promote present and prospective domestic and balance of payments stability, as well as global economic and financial stability. For the latter, Article IV consultations should discuss spillovers from members’ economic and financial policies that may significantly affect global stability, including alternative policy options that would minimize their adverse impact. Operational guidance. The note provides detailed guidance, suggestions and references in areas covered in surveillance including risks and spillovers, fiscal policy, macrofinancial and monetary policy, BOP stability, structural policies and data issues. Communication and Engagement. Effective two-way communication is key to surveillance, including with the authorities (to help staff’s advice get traction), the Executive Board (to support effective peer review), and the public and other stakeholders (to gain support for necessary policy adjustments). Surveillance messages need to be clear, concise, and focused. The Fund needs to be evenhanded, in line with the principle of uniformity of treatment, for surveillance to command the confidence of the membership. Process and formal requirements. A number of procedures, rules, and requirements are summarized in this note.
Macroeconomic and Financial Policies for Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Krogstrup Signe , Oman William
Published: September 2019

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of this century. Mitigation requires a large-scale
transition to a low-carbon economy. This paper provides an overview of the rapidly
growing literature on the role of macroeconomic and financial policy tools in enabling this
transition. The literature provides a menu of policy tools for mitigation. A key conclusion is
that fiscal tools are first in line and central, but can and may need to be complemented by
financial and monetary policy instruments. Some tools and policies raise unanswered
questions about policy tool assignment and mandates, which we describe. The literature is scarce, however, on the most effective policy mix and the role of mitigation tools and goals
in the overall policy framework.
Maldives
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: September 2019

The weak external environment continues to depress growth. Tourism and
fisheries-the Maldives’ economic lifelines-are slowly recovering, but have not yet
regained the ground lost in 200 1. After over two decades of uninterrupted gains, per
capita income likely remained flat in 2002. The pass-through from last year’s
devaluation has been contained and inflation is not a policy concern.
Polar substorm on 7 December 2015: pre-onset phenomena and features of auroral breakup
Authors: Safargaleev Vladimir V. , Kozlovsky Alexander E. , Mitrofanov Valery M.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Comprehensive analysis of a moderate 600-nT substorm was performed with using simultaneous optical observations inside the auroral oval and in the polar cap, combined with data from satellites, radars, and ground magnetometers. The onset took place near the poleward boundary of the auroral oval that is not typical for classical substorms. The substorm onset was preceded by two negative excursions of the IMF Bz component with 15-min interval between them, two enhancements of the antisunward convection in the polar cap with the same repetition period, and 15-minute oscillations in geomagnetic H-component in the auroral zone. The distribution of the pulsation intensity along meridian has two local maxima – at equatorial and poleward boundaries of the auroral oval where pulsations occurred in the out-of-phase mode resembling the field-line resonance. At initial stage, the auroral breakup developed as auroral torch stretching and expanding poleward along the meridian. Some later it took a form of the large-scale coiling structure that also distinguishes the considered substorm from classical one. Magnetic, radar and AMPERE satellite data show that before the collapse the coiling structure was located between two field-aligned currents: downward at poleward boundary of structure and upward at equatorial boundary. The set of GEOTAIL satellite and ground data fits to the near-tail current disruption scenario of the substorm onset. We suggest that the 15-min oscillations might play a role in the substorm initiation.
Description and evaluation of the UKCA stratosphere-troposphere chemistry scheme (StratTrop vn 1.0) implemented in UKESM1
Authors: Archibald Alexander T. , O'Connor Fiona M. , Abraham N. Luke , Archer-Nicholls Scott , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Dalvi Mohit , Folberth Gerd A. , Dennison Fraser , Dhomse Sandip S. , Griffiths Paul T. , Hardacre Catherine , Hewitt Alan J. , Hill Richard , Johnson Colin E. , Keeble James , Köhler Marcus O. , Morgenstern Olaf , Mulchay Jane P. , Ordóñez Carlos , Pope Richard J. , Rumbold Steven , Russo Maria R. , Savage Nicholas , Sellar Alistair , Stringer Marc , Turnock Steven , Wild Oliver , Zeng Guang
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Here we present a description of the UKCA StratTrop chemical mechanism which is used in the UKESM1 Earth System Model for CMIP6. The StratTrop chemical mechanism is a merger of previously well evaluated tropospheric and stratospheric mechanisms and we provide results from a series of bespoke integrations to assess the overall performance of the model. We find that the StratTrop scheme performs well when compared to a wide array of observations. The analysis we present here focuses on key components of atmospheric composition, namely the performance of the model to simulate ozone in the stratosphere and troposphere and constituents that are important for ozone in these regions. We find that the results obtained from the use of the StratTrop mechanism are sensitive to the host model; simulations with the same chemical mechanism run in an earlier version of the MetUM host model show a range of sensitivity to emissions that the current model does not fall within. Whilst the general model performance is suitable for use in the UKESM1 CMIP6 integrations, we note some shortcomings in the scheme that future targeted studies will address.
A watershed classification approach that looks beyond hydrology: application to a semi-arid, agricultural region in Canada
Authors: Wolfe Jared D. , Shook Kevin R. , Spence Chris , Whitfield Colin J.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Classification and clustering approaches provide a means to group watersheds
according to similar attributes, functions, or behaviours, and can aid in
managing natural resources. Although they are widely used, approaches based
on hydrological response parameters restrict analyses to regions where
well-developed hydrological records exist, and overlook factors contributing
to other management concerns, including biogeochemistry and ecology. In the
Canadian Prairie, hydrometric gauging is sparse and often seasonal.
Moreover, large areas are endorheic and the landscape is highly modified by
human activity, complicating classification based solely on hydrological
parameters. We compiled climate, geological, topographical, and land-cover
data from the Prairie and conducted a classification of watersheds using a
hierarchical clustering of principal components. Seven classes were
identified based on the clustering of watersheds, including those
distinguishing southern Manitoba, the pothole region, river valleys, and
grasslands. Important defining variables were climate, elevation, surficial
geology, wetland distribution, and land cover. In particular, three classes
occur almost exclusively within regions that tend not to contribute to major
river systems, and collectively encompass the majority of the study area.
The gross difference in key characteristics across the classes suggests that
future water management and climate change may carry with them heterogeneous
sets of implications for water security across the Prairie. This emphasizes
the importance of developing management strategies that target sub-regions
expected to behave coherently as current human-induced changes to the
landscape will affect how watersheds react to change. The study provides the
first classification of watersheds within the Prairie based on climatic and
biophysical attributes, with the framework used being applicable to other
regions where hydrometric data are sparse. Our findings provide a foundation
for addressing questions related to hydrological, biogeochemical, and
ecological behaviours at a regional level, enhancing the capacity to address
issues of water security.
Bullying and interpersonal conflict from a “dialogic event” perspective
Authors: Smith Mark Philip
Published: September 2019

Through discussions in class meetings of “concrete situations” experienced by students in their lived experience in and out of the classroom, educators have been encouraged to guide students to understand how bullying applies to their lives, and to learn the degree to which bullying is present or absent in their relationships with their peers (Olweus, 1993). In observations of and interviews about the class meetings at a private, progressive U.S. middle school, student and teacher discourses in response to students’ interpersonal dynamics are found to exist within separate, parallel universes. The teachers’ discourse universe presumes that the lived experience of students can be understood through and guided by abstract, Kantian-like moral universal imperatives – specifically, the imperative to “feel good” and the imperative not to bully. These imperatives supplant dialogue on the events of students’ experiences toward a focus on who the students are becoming rather than who they are now. This discourse of “half-being” maps the students’ experiences upon what is known, predictable, universal, unsurprising and imagined, and assumes that students are not fully responsible for their own or each other’s well-being. By contrast, the students’ discourse on their interpersonal dynamics is characterized by Bakhtin’s (1993) notion of “being-as-event” discourse, which is highly contextualized, unpredictable, and focuses upon everyone’s responsibility to ongoing dramatic and ontologically charged events (either immediate or recursive in nature). The students’ discursive universe is conducive to dialogue, whereas the teachers’ discursive universe supplants the students’ messy, unpredictable and dialogically responsible discourse, thus arresting the possibility for teachers and peers to provide meaningful and authoritative guidance to dialogic events. The reasons for teachers’ attraction to Kantian-like abstract moral universals as well as the consequences of the supplanting of students’ event-filled discourse with the discourse of bullying are discussed
Predictive Effect of Social Achievement Goals and Classroom Incivility on Difficulties during Emotion Regulation
Authors: Turhan Nihan Sölpük , Bingöl Tuğba Yılmaz , Arslan Nihan
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is to examine the predictive role of students’ social achievement goals and classroom incivility levels in their emotion regulation skills. The study was conducted with 309 university students and used “Social Achievement Goal Scale”, “The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale” and “Classroom Incivility Scale” as data collection tools. The study was carried out with 309 university students in Turkey during 2016-2017 academic year (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year students). The findings obtained from regression analysis revealed that social achievement goals and classroom incivility account 15% of total changes in the difficulties faced during emotion regulation. As for the sub goals of the study, it was found that “social achievement goals” mean score of females was higher than that of males; males had higher “classroom incivility” levels than females; and the mean score of females for “difficulties in emotional regulation” was higher than that of males. While no difference was found in “incivility” factor in terms of “age” variable, there were significant differences in “social achievement goals” and “the difficulties in emotional regulation” factors. Similarly, there was no significant difference in “social achievement goals” and “classroom incivility factors” in terms of “class year” variable, but a significant difference was found for “difficulties in emotion regulation” factor. In addition, the results did not reveal any significant differences in “social achievement goals” and “classroom incivility” factors according to “perceived parental attitude”; however, a significant difference was found in “the difficulties in emotional regulation” factor. The research findings were discussed within the framework of the related literature.
Práticas sustentáveis em unidades de alimentação e nutrição de hospitais públicos em Sergipe
Authors: Santos Ãtalo Emanuel Rolemberg dos , Faccioli Gregorio Guirado , Carvalho Izabela Maria Montezano de , Santos Alane Regina Rodrigues dos , Santos Carina Angélica dos
Published: September 2019

A sustentabilidade contempla uma lógica circular e inclusiva que visa ao equilíbrio dinâmico dos ecossistemas, a cooperação e a qualidade de vida das pessoas. É um termo que descreve uma nova forma de se compreender o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade por meio de políticas públicas que visem à sustentabilidade. Em âmbito hospitalar é possível e necessário que se estabeleçam práticas sustentáveis em Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (UANs). As UANs são unidades de trabalho que desempenham atividades relacionadas à alimentação e nutrição com estrutura administrativa simples, porém de funcionamento complexo. Elas desempenham importante papel em termos de economia e de saúde pública, uma vez que podem afetar o estado nutricional e o bem-estar da população por meio da qualidade do alimento que produzem. Uma UAN Hospitalar deve oferecer uma alimentação equilibrada, adequada à prescrição dietética de cada cliente/paciente, respeitando suas preferências, bem como as limitações impostas pelas doenças. Em consulta ao banco de dados do Cadastro Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES), a rede hospitalar pública do Estado de Sergipe é constituída por vinte e sete hospitais, sendo dois federais, doze estaduais e treze municipais. Desse modo, este artigo teve como objetivo analisar as práticas sustentáveis adotadas pelas Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição dos hospitais públicos em Sergipe. Concluiu-se que as UANs dos hospitais públicos em Sergipe já adotam algumas práticas sustentáveis, mas necessitam de aprimoramento, sendo que o nutricionista é profissional essencial para implantar e conscientizar a equipe sobre a necessidade de preservar os recursos e reduzir o impacto ambiental provocado pela produção das refeições.
Alterações foliares sugerem efeitos da poluição veicular em plantas da família myrtaceae em áreas urbanas
Authors: Brito Lucilene de , Silva Paulo Antonio , Fluminhan Antonio
Published: September 2019

Alterações no tamanho das folhas, bem como a assimetria flutuante, i.e., variações na simetria de caracteres bilaterais foliares, têm sido usadas para avaliar os impactos da poluição veicular em plantas. Tais parâmetros indicam instabilidade no desenvolvimento das plantas de acordo com seus ambientes, portanto uma ferramenta eficaz em biomonitoramento ambiental. Neste estudo, verificamos se há variação no tamanho e assimetria flutuante em folhas de três espécies de Myrtaceae (Eugenia uniflora, Plinia cauliflora e Psidium guajava) sob três condições ambientais: i) áreas urbanas centrais (com alta intensidade de tráfego de veículo); ii) áreas urbanas periféricas (com baixa intensidade de tráfego veicular); iii) áreas naturais, i.e., sem urbanização, presumidas como livre de trafego veicular, portanto sem gases poluentes emitidos pela combustão (controle). As medidas foliares, comprimento e largura e assimetria, foram obtidas usando um paquímetro digital. Para determinar a assimetria flutuante, a nervura central da folha foi utilizada como referência para mensurar três pontos do lado esquerdo e direito: base foliar (próximo a inserção do pecíolo), área intermediária (meio da folha) e área da ponta (ápice foliar). Os valores da assimetria foram transformados em logaritmos e recalculados sobre novos valores (d = logx - logx) e Box-Cox, d* = (| d | + 0,000050,33). Houve variação nas dimensões foliares e na assimetria flutuante para E. uniflora, P. guajava e P. cauliflora (ANOVA; p < 0,05). Há evidências de instabilidade no desenvolvimento e ontogenia das folhas de E. uniflora, P. guajava e P. cauliflora, potencialmente em resposta a um estresse ambiental promovido pela poluição veicular. Estas espécies podem ser, portanto, bioindicadores de poluição aérea promovidas por combustão veicular em áreas urbanizadas.
Dinâmica espaço-temporal da comunidade de peixes em baías marginais do Pantanal Norte
Authors: Jesus Francimayre Aparecida Pereira de , Silva Larissa Nayara Lima , Santos Priscila Campos , Oliveira Junior Ernandes Sobreira , Campos Derick Victor de Souza , Lázaro Wilkinson Lopes , Muniz Claumir Cesar
Published: September 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o impacto do ciclo hidrológico na estrutura da comunidade ictiológica em seis baías marginais do rio Paraguai durante os períodos de cheia, vazante, estiagem e enchente no Pantanal Norte. As coletas foram realizadas com a utilização de redes de arrasto, espera e tela entre 2014 e 2015. Para a análise dos dados foram aplicados os índices de diversidade alfa e beta. Ao todo foram coletados 7.318 espécimes, em que a maior riqueza, abundância e diversidade, foram observadas no período de estiagem. Contrastando a maior disponibilidade de abrigo e alimento em locais heterogêneos, normalmente representado por ambientes maiores, ou nas cheias pantaneiras, as maiores diversidades beta foram encontradas em baías de menores comprimentos, menores larguras e consequentemente menores áreas. Ainda que o período de cheia no pantanal seja considerado aquele com maior disponibilidade de recursos, destaca-se que as baías marginais, desde as pequenas, podem abrigar uma diversidade de espécies alta também em períodos de águas baixas. A alta homogeneidade das espécies encontradas indica que estas não dependem dos locais e dos períodos amostrais para ocorrerem, o que pode ser reflexo da conectividade com o canal principal do rio Paraguai durante o ano todo.
Caracterização da Associação de Produtores de Socol como Arranjo Produtivo Local
Authors: Lopes Matheus de Paula , Teixeira Samiris Côcco , Vieira Larissa Haddad Souza , Pereira Lucas Louzada
Published: September 2019

Originário da cidade italiana Veneto, o Socol é um embutido de porco, cujo preparo faz parte da tradição dos imigrantes italianos ao Brasil (especificamente na região de montanhas do Espírito Santo) em meados do século XIX. Hoje o produto cárneo se integra ao agroturismo de Venda Nova do Imigrante, sendo a principal atividade econômica da cidade. A produção do Socol é artesanal, feita por produtores que formam a Associação de Produtores de Socol, que compartilham além da localização geográfica, aspectos em comum, e um histórico de colaboração. Objetiva-se, neste artigo, identificar as semelhanças entre a Associação de Produtores de Socol de Venda Nova do Imigrante e as aglomerações produtivas denominadas Arranjos Produtivos Locais, evidenciando a classificação dessa Associação como APL. Dessa maneira, contribuindo para destacar a importância desse produto para a economia e cultura da região, oferecendo relevância ao desenvolvimento regional, bem como possibilitar seu acesso a ações governamentais e privadas voltadas a esse tipo de aglomeração produtiva. Este estudo se caracteriza como qualitativo e utiliza como técnica de coleta de dados primários o Grupo Focal, e como método de tratamento a Análise de Conteúdo. A partir da identificação da presença de cinco características principais, categorizadas como ‘Cooperação’, ‘Inovação e Aprendizado Interativos’, ‘Diversidade de atividades e atores econômicos, políticos e sociais’, ‘Dimensão Territorial’ e ‘Governança’. Conclui-se que a ASSOCOL pode ser considerada uma aglomeração produtiva, mais especificamente um Arranjo Produtivo Local.
An RNAi screen unravels the complexities of Rho GTPase networks in skin morphogenesis
Authors: Laurin Melanie , Gomez Nicholas C , Levorse John , Sendoel Ataman , Sribour Megan , Fuchs Elaine
Published: September 2019

During mammalian embryogenesis, extensive cellular remodeling is needed for tissue morphogenesis. As effectors of cytoskeletal dynamics, Rho GTPases and their regulators are likely involved, but their daunting complexity has hindered progress in dissecting their functions. We overcome this hurdle by employing high throughput in utero RNAi-mediated screening to identify key Rho regulators of skin morphogenesis. Our screen unveiled hitherto unrecognized roles for Rho-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling events that impact hair follicle specification, differentiation, downgrowth and planar cell polarity. Coupling our top hit with gain/loss-of-function genetics, interactome proteomics and tissue imaging, we show that RHOU, an atypical Rho, governs the cytoskeletal-junction dynamics that establish columnar shape and planar cell polarity in epidermal progenitors. Conversely, RHOU downregulation is required to remodel to a conical cellular shape that enables hair bud invagination and downgrowth. Our findings underscore the power of coupling screens with proteomics to unravel the physiological significance of complex gene families.
Human disturbance caused stronger influences on global vegetation change than climate change
Authors: Zhang Xianliang , Huang Xuanrui
Published: September 2019

Global vegetation distribution has been influenced by human disturbance and climate change. The past vegetation changes were studied in numerous studies while few studies had addressed the relative contributions of human disturbance and climate change on vegetation change. To separate the influences of human disturbance and climate change on the vegetation changes, we compared the existing vegetation which indicates the vegetation distribution under human influences with the potential vegetation which reflects the vegetation distribution without human influences. The results showed that climate-induced vegetation changes only occurred in a few grid cells from the period 1982–1996 to the period 1997–2013. Human-induced vegetation changes occurred worldwide, except in the polar and desert regions. About 3% of total vegetation distribution was transformed by human activities from the period 1982–1996 to the period 1997–2013. Human disturbances caused stronger damage to global vegetation change than climate change. Our results indicated that the regions where vegetation experienced both human disturbance and climate change are eco-fragile regions.