bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Arms Trade Treaty: Responsibility to Protect in Action?
Authors: Henderson Stacey
Published: April 2017

This paper argues that the influence of R2P can be seen in many subtle, yet significant, ways throughout the Arms Trade Treaty, from the language used to the obligations imposed on States Parties. The Arms Trade Treaty indicates that R2P is influencing decision making and contributing to the protection of populations from atrocity crimes by obliging States Parties to explicitly consider the consequences of their arms transfers. In addition, the Arms Trade Treaty has increased our understanding of R2P by confirming that R2P involves a range of measures and includes restraint by States in refusing to transfer arms in situations where atrocity crimes are being committed, which may temper concerns about R2P being rebranded as assistance.
Perilous Interventions and the Indian Debate on r2p: A Case of Limited Engagement and Missed Opportunity
Authors: Virk Kudrat
Published: April 2017

This article reflects on Hardeep Singh Puri’s approach towards the responsibility to protect (r2p) in Perilous Interventions, and, in so doing, also on the approaches generally taken in the Indian debate on the subject. It looks, in particular, at issues that both tend not to consider, limiting their contribution to the discourse on r2p. In this regard, the book is characteristic of critical Indian assessments of r2p, which have a narrow focus on the norm’s interventionist pillar and a further tendency to view it through a West/non-West, interest-based lens. This, in turn, contributes to an internal discourse that pivots on selected, individual cases of intervention – as does the book – while precluding a richer and conceptual engagement with the norm. The book is also preoccupied with the negative consequences of military intervention and the lessons of failure, so much so that it misses an opportunity to consider more fully how the use of force for human-rights protection might be made less perilous or less necessary.
Perilous Noninterventions? The Counterfactual Assessment of Libya and the Need to be a Responsible Power
Authors: Pattison James
Published: April 2017

This article argues that Hardeep Singh Puri’s Perilous Interventions fails to fully grasp the risk of perilous nonintervention. It makes two central points. First, the fallacious critique of intervention reflects a worryingly narrow understanding of the r2p, particularly its third pillar, which overlooks the contributions that the r2p can make more generally. Second, Puri’s account highlights a clear lack of responsible leadership on behalf of India, in particular in relation to its failure to support fully the ‘Responsibly while Protecting’ proposal and lack of critique of the foreign policy of Russia.
Classical Naṣṣ Doctrines in Imāmī Shīʿism: On the Usage of an Expository Term
Authors: Adem Rodrigo
Published: April 2017

This article reexamines the use of the termnaṣs, which since Marshall Hodgson has been used in modern historiography to refer to an indigenous Shīʿī mechanism of succession to the imamate. An alternative thesis is proposed here which situates the origins of the term in Shīʿī usage over the 8th to 11th centuries within the scholarly discourses ofkalāmanduṣūl al-fiqh. From the perspective of theological hermeneutics, classical Imāmīnaṣṣdoctrines valorized revelatory specification (naṣṣ) of authority to the exclusion of opinion and interpretive effort (ijtihād). As is shown here, the elaboration of these doctrines was historically predicated on an attempt to explain the Shīʿī imamate as a solution to the problem of epistemological uncertainty in Islamic scholarship. This is illustrated with reference to Sunnī, Muʿtazilite, Zaydī, Imāmī, and Ismāʿīlī literature, documenting the earliest usage of the termnaṣṣwithin a broader intellectual milieu than has hitherto been the case.
Abū Yaʿqūb al-Sijistānī in Modern Scholarship
Authors: Walker Paul
Published: April 2017

Although al-Sijistānī was a leading figure in the development of Ismāʿīlī philosophy, particularly its Neoplatonism, serious investigation of his writing has been slow to enter modern scholarship, in part because his works have remained inaccessible until quite recently. Moreover the first printed versions were often incomplete or corrupt. Lately the situation has changed substantially with availability now of new critical editions.
Revision of Thaumatocranaus Roewer, 1932, with description of two new species (Opiliones: Laniatores: Gonyleptoidea)
Authors: HARA MARCOS R. , BRAGAGNOLO CIBELE , PINTO-DA-ROCHA RICARDO
Published: April 2017

Gonyleptid systematics has changed considerably in recent years, thanks to the increasing number of opilionologists and use of new data sources to infer relationships. This scenario promotes revisions of yet unrevised or recently proposed supraspecific groups. In an ongoing revision of the Gonyleptidae subfamilies Pachylinae, Ampycinae and some species of Cranainae (former Cranaidae), we found that Thaumatocranaus Roewer, 1932, a hitherto monotypic cranaine genus, is currently misplaced. According to the recent characterization of gonyleptid subfamilies and its close families, it should be transferred to Ampycinae based on pedipalpal and penial characters. This genus is revised, including redescription of its type species, T. mirabilis Roewer, 1932, and description of two new species, both from Colombia, Amazonas: T. magnificus sp. nov. (from Araracuara) and T. splendidus sp. nov. (from Leticia). The relationship of this genus with other Ampycinae genera is also discussed.
Climatological Characteristics of Typical Daily Precipitation
Authors: Pendergrass Angeline G. , Deser Clara
Published: April 2017

Precipitation is often quantified by the amount that falls over a given period of time but not the rate at which most of it falls or the rate associated with the most frequent events. Here, three metrics are introduced to distill salient characteristics of typical daily precipitation accumulation based on the full distribution of rainfall: rain amount peak (the rain rate at which the most rain falls), rain frequency peak (the most frequent nonzero rain rate), and rain amount width (a measure of the variability of typical precipitation accumulation). These metrics are applied to two observational datasets to describe the climatology of typical daily precipitation accumulation: GPCP 1° daily (October 1996–October 2015) and TMPA 3B42 (January 1998–October 2015). Results show that the rain frequency peak is similar to total rainfall in terms of geographical pattern and seasonal cycle and varies inversely with rain amount width. In contrast, the rain amount peak varies distinctly, reaching maxima on the outer edges of the regions of high total precipitation, and with less seasonal variation. Despite that GPCP and TMPA 3B42 are both merged satellite–gauge precipitation products, they show substantial differences. In particular, the rain amount peak and rain amount width are uniformly greater in TMPA 3B42 compared to GPCP, and there are large discrepancies in their rain frequency distributions (peak and width). Issues relating to model evaluation are highlighted using CESM1 as an illustrative example and underscore the need for observational datasets incorporating measurements of light rain.
Quantifying Medical Student Education and Exposure to Otolaryngology
Authors: Wong Kevin , Jang Minyoung , Gilad Amir , Levi Jessica R.
Published: April 2017

Objectives:

Evaluate the educational and exposure opportunities provided to students by national otolaryngology organizations.

Methods:

Twenty-four otolaryngology organizations and subspecialty societies were reviewed for medical student involvement opportunities, educational and enrichment opportunities, costs of involvement, and available research and travel scholarships.

Results:

Nine organizations (37.5%) offered membership; 6 charged a membership fee, averaging $73 ± $30 (mean ± SD). Membership was limited to associate status for 7 organizations (77.8%; 7/9). Three organizations (12.5%) provided service opportunities, 4 (16.7%) allowed students to vote, and 1 (4.2%) allowed students to endorse others for membership. Most organizations allowed students to attend conferences (95.8%), and 19 (79.2%) allowed students to present research. Twenty-one (87.5%) organizations charged a conference registration fee ($366 ± $300). Seven organizations (29.2%) offered research scholarships, and 5 (20.8%) offered travel awards.

Conclusions:

Opportunities exist for medical students to attend conferences and present research; however, educational and enrichment activities in other areas were limited. Future efforts may be warranted to increase the number and type of opportunities for students.
Youth Gangs, Violence, and Local Culture in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand
Authors: Cohen Anjalee
Published: April 2017

Drawing on twenty-four months of ethnographic research, this article examines the role of violence among northern Thai youth gangs at the intersection of global capitalism and local culture. Contrary to dominant representations that depict youth gang violence as a means for psychologically coping as victims of dramatic social change, I argue that youth violence may be viewed as active and creative ways of negotiating change under conditions of rapid urbanization and modernization. For gang youth in northern Thailand, violence offers an opportunity to “fit in and stick out” in an anonymous cosmopolitan city. While some Chiang Mai youth subcultures draw primarily on global cultural resources as a means of standing out and enhancing one’s “subcultural capital,” northern Thai youth gangs rely more heavily on local culture to achieve status and a sense of self-worth, particularly in relation to enduring Thai values of masculinity centered on notions of invulnerability.
Design and validation of a fixture for positive incremental sheet forming
Authors: Siddiqi Muftooh Ur Rehman , Corney Jonathan R , Sivaswamy Giribaskar , Amir Muhammad , Bhattacharya Rahul
Published: April 2017

Incremental sheet forming is an emerging manufacturing technique in which sheet metal is formed into desired shape through the application of localized force using a hemispherical tool. Potential advantages of the process are its relatively low cost and small lead times, and these have to be balanced against the disadvantages of low dimensional accuracy and a limited understanding of the process’ internal mechanics. Incremental sheet forming system can be classified as positive, or negative, depending on whether the sheet material is progressively deformed onto a protrusion or a cavity. In negative systems, the work piece is held on a static fixture; whereas, in positive incremental sheet forming, the fixture must be incrementally lowered onto a protruding die. Although the vertical movement of positive incremental sheet forming fixtures is easily illustrated schematically, its implementation is challenging; if the descent is actuated, the motion has to be carefully coordinated with those of the forming tool; if free sliding on vertical columns, the rig must move without jamming or rocking. This article reports the development and testing of a positive incremental sheet forming fixture design that uses nylon sleeve bushes. Symmetric and asymmetric components were formed using the designed fixture, modular wooden dies and a rotating tool with multiple diameters and the results are discussed.
High-definition metrology-based machining error identification for non-continuous surfaces
Authors: Zhang Faping , Wu Di , Yang Jibin , Butt Shahid I , Yan Yan
Published: April 2017

This article presents a layered decomposition method to decompose the machined surface into sub-surfaces with different components in dissimilar scale to identify machining errors. The high-definition metrology-measured data of the surface is first fitted by triangular mesh interpolation method to separate the surface into two sub-surface components, namely, system error caused and random error caused, respectively, whereas the stability of sub-surface entropy is used as the criteria to determine the refined mesh in case the decomposition exists throughout. Then, the sub-surface of system error is further decomposed by bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition to get the error components varying in scales: surface roughness, waviness and profile, and as a result to identify the machining errors. Finally, self-correlation analysis is applied to each component to verify the decomposition. The result shows that each decomposed component has a distinctive wavelength, which proves that the method can successfully decompose the comprehensive surface topography into different scale components.
Use of a Modified Classic BT Shunt in a Patient With Multiple Conduit Obstructions With Positive Lupus Anticoagulant
Authors: Bhattarai Pallav , Zia Ayesha , Forbess Joseph M. , Guleserian Kristine J. , Hupp Susan R. , Pirolli Timothy
Published: April 2017

The use of a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit has re-emerged as a popular alternative to a systemic artery-to-pulmonary artery shunt in the Norwood procedure. Both proximal obstruction secondary to dynamic compression and distal obstruction at the anastomosis site with the pulmonary arteries are well described. In an effort to prevent complications, a technique where in the conduit is placed through the entire full thickness, or dunked, through the RV free wall has been described. We report a case of a patient with HLHS and positive lupus anticoagulant who developed recurrent conduit obstructions. The “Sano” was abandoned in favor of an autologous source of pulmonary blood flow—the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt using the “turn down” of the carotid artery.
Iyoite, MnCuCl(OH)3 and misakiite, Cu3Mn(OH)6Cl2: new members of the atacamite family from Sadamisaki Peninsula, Ehime Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Nishio–hamane D. , Momma K. , Ohnishi M. , Shimobayashi N. , Miyawaki R. , Tomita N. , Okuma R. , Kampf A. R. , Minakawa T.
Published: April 2017

Two new members of the atacamite family were discovered recently in the Sadamisaki Peninsula, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Iyoite, MnCuCl(OH)3, is an Mn-Cu ordered analogue of botallackite, while misakiite, Cu3Mn(OH)6Cl2, is an Mn-rich analogueof kapellasite. Both minerals occur in manganese ore crevices in close association with one another. Iyoite forms radial and dendritic aggregates consisting of pale green, bladed crystals. Misakiite commonly exists in emerald green, tabular, hexagonal crystals. The densities of iyoite andmisakiite were calculated to be 3.22 and 3.42 g cm–3 based on their empirical formulae and powder X-ray diffraction data. Under the same axial setting of botallackite, iyoite is monoclinic, space group P21/m, a = 5.717(2), b = 6.586(2), c= 5.623(3) Å, β = 88.45(3)° and V = 211.63(15) Å3. Misakiite is trigonal, space group P3m1, with a = 6.4156(4), c = 5.7026(5) Å and V = 203.27(3) Å3. The structures of both mineralsare classified as layer type and the two are closely related. These new minerals were formed by the reaction between seawater and naturally-occurring manganese ores including native copper. These minerals are challenging to produce synthetically. Misakiite was synthesized successfully usinga hydrothermal method, while iyoite could not be made.
New minerals with a modular structure derived from hatrurite from the pyrometamorphic rocks. Part III. Gazeevite, BaCa6(SiO4)2(SO4)2O, from Israel and the Palestine Autonomy, South Levant, and from South Ossetia, Greater Caucasus
Authors: Galuskin E. V. , Gfeller F. , Galuskina I. O. , Armbruster T. , Krzątała A. , Vapnik Y. , Kusz J. , Dulski M. , Gardocki M. , Gurbanov A. G. , Dzierżanowski P.
Published: April 2017

The new mineral gazeevite, BaCa6(SiO4)2(SO4)2O (R3m,a= 7.1540(1),c= 25.1242(5) Å,V= 1113.58(3) Å3,Z= 3), was found in an altered xenolith in rhyodacites ofthe Shadil-Khokh volcano, Southern Ossetia and at three localities in larnite pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Complex; Nahal Darga and Jabel Harmun, Judean Mountains, Palestinian Autonomy, and Har Parsa, Negev Desert, Israel. Larnite, fluorellestadite–fluorapatite, srebrodolskite–brownmilleriteand mayenite-supergroup minerals are the main minerals commonly associated with gazeevite. Gazeevite is isostructural with zadovite and aradite; the 1:1 typeAB6(TO4)2(TO4)2W, occurs together with the structurallyrelated minerals of the nabimusaite series, 3:1 type AB12(TO4)4(TO4)2W3, whereA= Ba, K, Sr...;B= Ca, Na...;T= Si, P, V5+, S6+, Al...;W= O2–,F–. Single antiperovskite layers {[WB6](TO4)2} in the structure type of gazeevite–zadovite and triple {[W3B12](TO4)4} layers in arctite–nabimusaite areintercalated with singleA(TO4) layers. These minerals with an interrupted antiperovskite structure are characterized by a modular layered structure derived from hatrurite, Ca3(SiO4)O. Gazeevite is colourless, transparent, with a white streakand vitreous lustre. Gazeevite is brittle, shows pronounced parting and imperfect cleavage on {001}; it is uniaxial (–), ω = 1.640(3), ε = 1.636(2) (λ = 589 nm) and nonpleochroic; Mohs' hardness is ∼4.5, VHN50 = 417 kg mm–2. The calculateddensity is = 3.39 g cm–3. The main lines of the calculated powder X-ray diffraction pattern are as follows (d(Å)/I/hkl): 3.58/100/110, 3.07/91/021, 2.76/47/116, 1.789/73/220, 3.29/60/113, 2.78/36/024, 2.12/25/125, 2.21/21/208. Raman spectra of gazeeviteare compared with spectra of other minerals. The formation of gazeevite and minerals of the nabimusaite–dargaite series is connected with high-temperature alteration of an early assemblage of clinker minerals affected by later fluids generated by volcanic activity or combustion processes.
DIO2 Thr92Ala Reduces Deiodinase-2 Activity and Serum-T3 Levels in Thyroid-Deficient Patients
Authors: Castagna Maria Grazia , Dentice Monica , Cantara Silvia , Ambrosio Raffaele , Maino Fabio , Porcelli Tommaso , Marzocchi Carlotta , Garbi Corrado , Pacini Furio , Salvatore Domenico
Published: April 2017

Context:

A substantial proportion of athyreotic levothyroxine (LT4)-treated patients experience hypothyroid-like symptoms. During LT4 replacement, levels of the active hormone triiodothyronine (T3) strictly depend on type 2-deiodinase (D2)-mediated activation of LT4. The Thr92Ala polymorphism and the 258 G/A in the DIO2 gene have been associated with various clinical conditions.

Objectives:

To investigate the effects of DIO2 polymorphisms in thyroid hormone homeostasis.

Design:

We compared the presurgical hormonal status of thyroidectomized LT4-treated patients who had a similar thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level with their postsurgery status and analyzed their DIO2 genotype in a subgroup of 102/140 (72.8%) of patients. We measured the enzymatic properties of Thr92Ala in living cells and in relevant generated mouse models.

Subjects and methods:

A total of 140 thyroidectomized subjects were included. Serum free T3 (FT3), free thyroxine, and TSH levels were directly measured. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed for D2 protein.

Results:

The DIO2 genotyping revealed an association between low FT3 values and Thr92Ala. Specifically, the mean postsurgery FT3 levels were significantly lower in patients carrying the mutated allele(s) than in wild-type patients, in whom FT3 postsurgical levels were similar to presurgery levels. The −258 G/A variation was not associated with hormonal alteration. We found that endogenous wild-type D2 and Thr92Ala share the same subcellular localization but differ in protein stability. Importantly, Thr92Ala reduced D2-mediated thyroxine to T3 conversion.

Conclusions:

Thyroidectomized patients carrying Thr92Ala are at increased risk of reduced intracellular and serum T3 concentrations that are not adequately compensated for by LT4, thus providing evidence in favor of customized treatment of hypothyroidism in athyreotic patients.
Refining Dynamic Risk Stratification and Prognostic Groups for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer With TERT Promoter Mutations
Authors: Kim Tae Hyuk , Ki Chang-Seok , Kim Hye Seung , Kim Kyunga , Choe Jun-Ho , Kim Jung-Han , Kim Jee Soo , Oh Young Lyun , Hahn Soo Yeon , Shin Jung Hee , Jang Hye Won , Kim Sun Wook , Chung Jae Hoon
Published: April 2017

Context:

Currently, no recurrence or mortality risk systems consider molecular testing when predicting thyroid cancer outcomes.

Objective:

We developed an integrative prognostic system that incorporates telomerase reverse transcription (TERT) promoter mutations into the recently proposed risk reclassification system after initial therapy [dynamic risk stratification (DRS)] to better categorize and predict outcomes.

Design:

A total of 357 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients without initial distant metastasis were enrolled. Among patients with mutated TERT and wild-type, recurrence-free survival (RFS) was compared according to DRS grouping. Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) to derive AHR groups. Performance of the AHR grouping system with respect to prediction of structural recurrence and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was assessed against the current DRS system and the tumor/node/metastasis (TNM) classification.

Results:

Among 357 patients, there were 90 recurrences and 15 cancer-related deaths during a median of 14 years of follow-up. Patients in higher AHR groups were at higher risk of recurrence (10-year RFS for AHR 1, 2, 3, and 4: 94.9%, 82.7%, 50.2%, and 23.1%; P < 0.001) and cancer-related death (10-year CSS: 100.0%. 98.7%, 94.2%, and 76.9%; P < 0.001). The proportions of variance explained (PVEs) for the ability of AHR and DRS grouping to predict recurrence were 22.4% and 18.5%. PVEs of AHR and TNM system to predict cancer-related deaths were 11.5% and 7.4%.

Conclusions:

The AHR grouping system, a simple two-dimensional prognostic system, is as effective as DRS at predicting structural recurrence and provides clinical implication for long-term CSS in patients with nonmetastatic DTC.
Sex Steroid Hormones and Fracture in a Multiethnic Cohort of Women: The Women’s Health Initiative Study (WHI)
Authors: Cauley Jane A. , Danielson Michelle E. , Jammy Guru Rajesh , Bauer Doug C. , Jackson Rebecca , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Ensrud Kristine E. , Boudreau Robert
Published: April 2017

Context:

We hypothesize that endogenous sex steroids are associated with fracture risk independent of race/ethnicity.

Design and Setting:

We performed a nested case-control study within the prospective Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Incident nonspine fractures were identified in 381 black, 192 Hispanic, 112 Asian, and 46 Native American women over an average of 8.6 years. A random sample of 400 white women who experienced an incident fracture was chosen. One control was selected per case and matched on age, race/ethnicity, and blood draw date. Bioavailable estradiol (BioE2), bioavailable testosterone (BioT), and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were measured using baseline fasting serum. Conditional logistic regression models calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of fracture across tertiles of hormone.

Results:

In multivariable and race/ethnicity-adjusted models, higher BioE2 (>8.25 pg/mL) and higher BioT (>13.3 ng/dL) were associated with decreased risk of fracture (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.85; P trend = 0.001 and OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.96; P trend = 0.02, respectively). The interaction term between race/ethnicity and either BioE2 or BioT was not significant. There was no association between SHBG and fracture risk. In models stratifying by race/ethnicity, higher BioE2 was associated with a lower risk of fracture in both white women (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.87) and black women (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.96). Higher BioT was associated with a significantly lower fracture risk in only black women (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.00), P trend = 0.03.

Conclusions:

Serum BioE2 and BioT are associated with fracture risk in older women irrespective of race/ethnicity and independent of established risk factors for fracture.
Insulin Resistance in Youth Without Diabetes Is Not Related to Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Cree-Green Melanie , Cai Ninghe , Pyle Laura , Ringham Brandy , Brown Mark S. , Newcomer Bradley R. , Nadeau Kristen J. , Dabelea Dana
Published: April 2017

Context:

Obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes are increasing in youth, especially in girls. IR is associated with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in youth and adults with diabetes. However, it is unknown whether this relationship is present in youth prior to development of diabetes.

Objective:

Assess IR and mitochondrial function, including sex differences, in nondiabetic youth.

Design:

Cross-sectional study of youth in the Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among Children, Resistance to InSulin in Type 1 And Type 2 diabetes, and Androgens and Insulin Resistance Study cohorts.

Setting:

Academic medical university.

Participants:

Two hundred seventy-five youth, 13 to 19 years old [43% males: 17.1 (16.52, 17.63) years, body mass index z-score (BMI-Z) 0.36, 64.7% Tanner 5; 57% females: 17.2 (16.43, 17.67) years, BMI-Z 0.72, 78.9% Tanner 5].

Interventions:

Fasting laboratories, oral glucose tolerance test, and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Main Outcome Measures:

IR [triglyceride:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, Matsuda index, and homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] and muscle mitochondrial function (adenosine 5′-diphosphate time constant and oxidative phosphorylation rate).

Results:

Compared with males, females were more insulin resistant, with higher triglyceride:HDL ratio [1.95 (1.30, 2.79) vs 1.69 (1.21, 2.23), P = 0.042], HOMA-IR [3.18 (2.42, 4.39) vs 2.76 (2.02, 4.08), P = 0.035], and fasting free fatty acids (FFAs) and lower Matsuda score [3.98 (2.71, 5.96) vs 5.39 (3.43, 7.57), P < 0.001]. After adjustment for the higher BMI and Tanner stage and lower physical activity levels seen in females, there were no sex differences in mitochondrial function nor in any IR measure except FFAs. We did not find an association between measures of IR and mitochondrial function.

Conclusions:

The greater IR seen in adolescent girls vs boys is mostly explained by differences in BMI and physical activity. Mitochondrial function does not appear to be related to IR in a large cohort of nondiabetic youth.
Signals Falling
Authors: van der Tuin Iris
Published: April 2017

This short essay reads diffractively key texts by British novelist and writer Virginia Woolf (1882–1941) and French psychotherapist and philosopher Félix Guattari (1930–1992). The diffractive reading methodology was first proposed by Donna Haraway and Karen Barad. Experimenting with the methodology in single- and coauthored pieces, I have further developed diffractive reading for the immanent epistemology of new materialism. This essay demonstrates through a diffractive reading practice how incorporation and externality, as well as ecology and entanglement, play important roles in a new materialist epistemology.
Artists’ books for handheld mobile devices: Expanding the artist’s book genre
Authors: Mader-Meersman Julie
Published: April 2017

This article examines the status of the artist’s book genre within the digital media landscape. The genre has the potential for widespread public awareness by embracing new media and small-format, handheld mobile devices. The author highlights the void of artists’ books and uses examples of existing book apps and other interactive artworks to arrive at the conclusion that digital media should be embraced within the artist’s book genre. She also includes reflection on her own artist’s book app creative research project, The Book Worm Tales, to share the process of transitioning her artistic experiments within the genre from print to screen. Inspired by an appreciation and concern for the biodegradation of rare physical books caused by moths and organisms such as mould, the project poetically reflects on rapid changes in book media, while preserving in virtual form experiential aspects of real, rare books in the process. The article includes the premise of that project; discussion of the experimentation involved in exploiting the creative potential of the medium; historical perspective on the materiality of the book; and implications of the digital medium on the artists’ books genre.
An Introduction to the Poetry of James R. Louden
Authors: Eso David
Published: April 2017

This introduction provides historical context for a selection of poems by the relatively unknown writer, James R. Louden. The introduction focuses on the poet’s promotion social justice and affordable housing in the resort town of Canmore, Alberta, where he resides. His poems place current revolutionary impulses on a continuum with analogous moments in recent and classical history.
Wandering Gramsciwards
Authors: Chen Angel Chia Ling
Published: April 2017

This video references Wandering Marxwards by Michael Blum. It is a travelogue of somebody arriving at a research university trying to find his position. Accompanying his journey is Gramsci’s Prison Notebooks, published almost 100 years ago.
Attention’s Deficit
Authors: Jagoe Eva-Lynn
Published: April 2017

Contemporary critics from both left and right bemoan the rise in attention deficit as one of the pathological manifestations of society’s increasing speed and alienation. This essay attends to the ways in which deficit may inhere in the person demanding that attention be paid. How is life in common dependent upon certain forms of attention, and what can be gained from shifting the term “deficit”?
Choreographies of Binding and Unbinding: On the Drawings of Andrea Bowers
Authors: Ellul Hannah
Published: April 2017

Andrea Bowers’s drawings elaborate a piecemeal, meticulously drawn iconography of protest. Photographs and documents of emancipatory political struggle from different periods and places are reworked by hand, in something approaching an act of salvage.

In light of the long and complex histories of art’s engagement with the political, and the many and various modes of reciprocity devised along the way, what does it mean to be preoccupied with images of political action? To ask as much is to begin to address the complex ways in which such images intersect with and shape processes of political identification and affiliation, and the desire for political agency. Moreover, it is to speculate upon how renewed efforts of political imagination are informed by the often-obscure histories of collective action. What attachments or detachment are played out in these drawings? What choreographies of binding and unbinding are traced in these lines?
Roch Commune 2.0
Authors: Svec Henry Adam , King Eleanor
Published: April 2017

This piece explores the recent transformations undertaken by the rock band Roch Commune, which in its most recent incarnation has found itself moving past cultural production per se and towards a diversity of entrepreneurial, tactical media practices. The paper discusses the group’s origins and justifies their current course of action.
Fabrikasi Magnet MnZn Ferit dan Barium Ferit dari Limbah Pengelasan
Authors: Septiani Ardita , Idayanti Novrita
Published: April 2017

Pembuatan magnet lunak MnZn ferit dan magnet keras barium ferit telah dilakukan menggunakan bahan baku utama limbah pengelasan. Limbah pengelasan yang digunakan merupakan limbah dengan komposisi utama Fe dan O dengan Al dan Bi sebagai pengotor. Magnet dipabrikasi menggunakan metode metalurgi serbuk, yang diawali dengan penggilingan selama 6 jam untuk mendapatkan serbuk, dilanjutkan dengan pemanggangan pada 560 °C selama 1 jam untuk mendapatkan fasa hematit. Karakterisasi XRD (x-ray diffraction) menggunakan analisa Rietveld menunjukkan hematit 73,4% berat telah terbentuk setelah pemanggangan dengan fasa magnetik sebesar 26,6% berat. Serbuk setelah pemanggangan digunakan sebagai bahan baku magnet ferit dengan ditambahkan senyawa penyusun kation dan aditif. Perhitungan stoikiometri bahan baku yang digunakan pada penelitian ini didasarkan pada rumus kimia Mn0,8Zn0,2Fe2O4 dan BaFe12O19. Melalui karakterisasi menggunakan Permagraph, pembuatan magnet menggunakan limbah pengelasan didapatkan sifat magnetik untuk MnZn ferit adalah induksi remanen 0,83 kG dengan koersifitas 0,084 kOe dan untuk barium ferit memiliki induksi remanen 1,22 kG dengan koersifitas 2,996 kOe.
Karakteristik Life Time dan Efisiensi Modul Surya Berbasis Pewarna Menggunakan Interkoneksi Seri
Authors: Febriana Iqbal , Muliani Lia , Mulyanti Budi
Published: April 2017

Sel surya berbasis pewarna atau yang dikenal dengan dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) merupakan sel surya generasi baru yang bekerja berdasarkan photoelectrochemical. Proses absorpsi cahaya dilakukan oleh molekul pewarna (dye) dan proses pemisahan muatan oleh bahan semikonduktor anorganik (dalam penelitian ini digunakan TiO2). Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pabrikasi modul surya menggunakan lapisan partikel nano TiO2 (non-scattering) dan menggunakan campuran lapisan partikel nano TiO2 dengan lapisan partikel sub-mikron TiO2 (scattering). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui waktu hidup (life time) dan efisiensi modul surya dengan bahan yang berbeda. Pabrikasi modul surya ini menggunakan teknik screen printing. Karakteristik life time diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran I-V yang dilakukan secara manual menggunakan lampu LED 15 Watt dengan intensitas 40 mW/cm2 . Pengujian life time dilakukan selama 500 jam, dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa modul surya dengan lapisan scattering dapat mempengaruhi karakteristik life time namun efisiensi yang didapatkan kurang baik yaitu sebesar 0,31% sedangkan modul surya dengan lapisan non-scattering menunjukkan efisiensi yang baik yaitu sebesar 1,83% namun karakteristik life time yang kurang baik.
Desain Antena Hexagonal Patch Array Berbasis Sistem Transfer Daya Wireless pada Frekuensi 2,4 GHz
Authors: R. A. K. Herma Nugroho , P. Sholeh Hadi , Yudaningtyas Erni
Published: April 2017

Pada penelitian ini telah didesain antena hexagonal patch array yang dapat digunakan sebagai perangkat catu daya wireless. Antena hexagonal patch array ini didesain untuk menangkap gelombang radio (RF) pada frekuensi 2,4 GHz yang dapat diaplikasikan sebagai antena pada Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Desain antena dilakukan menggunakan software CST Microwave studio, kemudian dilakukan pabrikasi dan pengukuran secara riil. Parameter pengujian antena hexagonal patch array meliputi return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), gain, bandwidth, dan daya. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemodelan transmission line dan corporate feed line untuk pengaturan perubahan jarak antar patch antena. Perubahan variabel juga diteliti pengaruhnya terhadap parameter antena khususnya daya terima antena yang kemudian ditransmisikan ke rangkaian power harvester. Nilai parameter antena hasil simulasi menunjukkan nilai return loss adalah -33,38 dB, VSWR sebesar 1,041, gain sebesar 8,81 dBi, bandwidth adalah 0,084 GHz, daya sebesar 0,499 W (-3 dBm). Sedangkan parameter hasil pengukuran dari antena yang telah dipabrikasi adalah nilai return loss sebesar -33,21 dB, VSWR sebesar 1,048, gain sebesar 5 dBi, bandwidth adalah 0,145 GHz, daya sebesar -33 dBm.
Perancangan Low Noise Amplifier dengan Teknik Non Simultaneous Conjugate Match untuk Aplikasi Radar S-Band
Authors: Taryana Yana , Munir Achmad , Sulaeman Yaya , - Dedi
Published: April 2017

Radar merupakan sistem pemancar dan penerima gelombang elektromagnetik untuk mendeteksi, mengukur jarak dan membuat peta benda benda seperti pesawat terbang, kapal laut, kendaran bermotor dan informasi cuaca. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi pada sistem radar adalah sinyal pantulan yang memiliki daya yang rendah sehingga kualitas penerimaan menjadi kurang baik. Untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut dibutuhkan penguat daya pada sistem penerima yaitu Low Noise Amplifier (LNA). Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini memaparkan perancangan LNA dengan menggunakan teknik Non Simultaneous Conjugate Match (NSCM) untuk aplikasi radar S-Band. Teknik ini memberikan kemudahan dalam menentukan nilai trade off (TO) untuk nilai gain, noise figure (NF) dan Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) yang diinginkan. Dalam proses perancangannya, perangkat lunak Agilent Design System (ADS) 2011 digunakan untuk mendapatkan hubungan antara lingkaran gain, lingkaran NF, lingkaran VSWR, dan lingkaran mismatch factor (M). Dari hubungan tersebut diperoleh nilai impedansi masukan dan keluaran dari komponen aktif. Dalam tulisan ini, LNA dirancang dua tingkat untuk mendapatkan penguatan yang tinggi. Masing-masing tingkat menggunakan komponen aktif BJT BFP420 dengan penguatan dirancang sebesar 13,50 dB untuk tingkat pertama dan kedua, dan M sebesar 0,98. Sedangkan untuk saluran penyesuai impedansinya menggunakan substrat teflon fiberglass DiClad527. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan karakteristik LNA pada frekuensi 3 GHz yaitu gain sebesar 28,80 dB, NF sebesar 2,80 dB, VSWRin sebesar 1,05 dan VSWRout sebesar 1,1.
Optical Modulator Using Channel Optical Waveguides and Planar Patch-Antennas with Gaps
Authors: Wijayanto Yusuf Nur , Murata Hiroshi , Okamura Yasuyuki
Published: April 2017

Optical modulator using channel optical waveguides and planar patch-antennas with gaps on ferroelectric optical crystals were proposed. Basic operations for receiving a wireless microwave signal and directly converting it to a lightwave signal were demonstrated successfully using a prototype device with simple and compact structure. These devices operate with no external power supply and no additional modulation electrode. Therefore the microwave-lightwave conversion with low microwave distortion can be obtained. The advanced microwave-lightwave converters using patch-antennas with a pair of narrow gaps and their applications are also discussed
Desain dan Realisasi Antena Mikrostrip Patch Persegi Susunan Linier dengan Teknik Pencatuan Proximity Coupled pada Frekuensi 4 ,3 GHz untuk Radio Altimeter Pesawat
Authors: Amrullah Yahya Syukri , Santiko Arief Budi , Prabowo Bayu Heri , Wahyu Yuyu
Published: April 2017

Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan perancangan, simulasi, dan realisasi antena mikrostrip array dengan catuan proximity coupling untuk aplikasi radio altimeter. Penentuan nilai dimensi antena dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus-rumus antena mikrostrip. Nilai-nilai dimensi yang telah diperoleh kemudian disimulasikan dengan simulator elektromagnetik untuk memperoleh performansi yang dihasilkan. Selain itu, proses simulasi juga digunakan untuk mengoptimasi desain antena. Antena yang dirancang mampu bekerja pada frekuensi 4,3 GHz, dengan return loss< -10 dB, VSWR < 2, bandwidth 100 MHz, gain ≥ 9,25 dBi, pola radiasi unidirectional, dan polarisasi linier. Substrat yang digunakan adalah Rogers RT5880 yang memiliki permitivitas relatif sebesar 2,2 dan ketebalan sebesar 1.57 mm. Antena yang terealisasi bekerja pada frekuensi tengah 4,3 GHz yang menghasilkan VSWR 1,005, polarisasi elips, gain 13,46 dB, pola radiasi unidirectional, impedansi 50,113 - j228,123 mOhm, return loss -51,890 dB, dan effective bandwidth 286 MHz (4,175-4,461 MHz).
Design of Automated PC Shutdown Control System in Coastal/LPI Radar System Based on Microcontroller ATMega8L
Authors: Danufane Fadil Habibi , Rahman Arief Nur , Pristianto Eko Joni
Published: April 2017

One consideration during the design of long range controlled electrical system is the sudden outage of a Personal Computer (PC) caused by power failure. Frequent outage can damage the components inside the PC such that the whole system could be malfunction. This can affect the cost, time, and effort required to fix the system. Usually such system is equipped with a temporary power storage or UPS (uninterruptible power supply) with a small capacity, so the PC in the system can immediately be turned off before the UPS runs out. Therefore it is necessary to design a control system that can shutdown the PC automatically within a certain range of time after the outage. The implementation of designed system has used an ATmega8L microcontroller as a controller, an optoisolator PS2505-1 as isolator for electric components from AC signal, and Visual Basic as the programming language. The system has been tested with an input voltage of 220Vrms AC signal. The test result has shown that the PC was successfully shut down within a certain time range after the input was terminated.
Microwave and Optical Electric Field Interaction in Microwave Polarization Detector Based on Photonic Technology for EMC Measurement
Authors: Wijayanto Yusuf Nur , Murata Hiroshi , Hermida I Dewa Putu
Published: April 2017

We analyze the interaction of microwave and optical electric field in a microwave polarization detector based on photonic technology for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) measurement. The detector consists of two orthogonal optical waveguides and patch antennas embedded with two orthogonal gaps fabricated on an Electro-Optic (EO) crystal. Wireless microwave signals can be received, separated and converted directly to lightwave signals through optical modulation using the proposed detector. This detector operates with no external power supply and with low microwave distortion. Microwave polarization can be identified using the proposed interface. In addition, it enables us to measure the magnitude and phase of the wireless signal simultaneously. The analysis of the device was done and presented at the operation frequency of 26 GHz. The proposed interface can be applied for EMC measurement through the radio-over-fiber link.
The infection prevention and control practices of the ambulance service
Authors: Akbıyık Ayşe , Esen Türeyen Aynur , Özinel Mehmet Ali
Published: April 2017

Objective: The aim of this research was to comprehensively evaluate the infection prevention and control practices of the ambulance service. Methods: This cross section survey was carried out in Izmir between June and September 2010. The study sample consisted of 213 ambulance service workers and all the emergency and rescue station buildings and ambulances. A questionnaire and two check-list forms were used as a means of data collection. Results: According to the employees’ responses, an average of 25 (24.86±4.09) of 40 items of infection prevention and control criteria that are required to be met for the ambulance service were met, while 15 were not. In the observations, it was found that the infection prevention and control criteria for ambulances were met at an average of 32.96±5.22 out of 40. It was found that 33 out of 50 items of the criteria for infection prevention and control in ambulances were met while 17 were not. According to observations, an average of 6 (5.88±1.52) of 17 items of infection prevention and control criteria for emergency and rescue station buildings, were met while 11 were not. Conclusion: The questionnaire responses given by the ambulance personnel and observations made by the researchers in the ambulances and emergency and rescue station buildings suggest that the criteria set for infection prevention and control practices were not met at a satisfactory level, which meant the infection prevention and control practices were not sufficient. It is advised that an IPC guideline should be prepared to include standards and procedures to be followed by ambulance service personnel.
Analitical study of simple, compound and asymmetric mesures in tradational Turkish folk music
Geleneksel Türk halk müziğinde basit, bileşik ve aksak ölçülerin analitik incelenmesi
Authors: Tuğcular Erdal
Published: April 2017

In this research, it is aimed to analytically investigate simple compound and asymmetric measures in Traditional Turkish folk music. Despite various shortcomings, mistakes and controversial aspects, the "TRT Turkish Folk Music Repertory", which has about 5,000 folk songs, is also an important source for such purposes as research and investigation. In this research, based on this source, the simple, compound and error measures discussed are reclassified and used in Turkish Folk Music; beats, time and sequence. Approximately five thousand folk songs and seven hundred non-verbal melody are supported by selected examples from the air, explained with figures and tables. In this research, which is carried out in a scaning model and a descriptive approach, the data are presented with an analysis of sources and an analytical point of view. As a result of the research, it is found that the compound which is written in simple, compound and faulty measurements is very different from the compound 9/8, the measurements of 10/16 are very few, 6/8, 12/8, 9/4, 9/16, 7/16 measurements were found to be widely used in certain regions 2/4, 4/4, 9/8 and it was also found that one of the main determinants of the metrics was the metronome speed. ÖzetBu araştırma, Geleneksel Türk halk müziğindeki basit, bileşik ve aksak ölçülerin analitik incelenmesini amaçlamıştır. Çeşitli eksikleri, yanlışları ve tartışmalı yanlarına rağmen, yaklaşık 5000 türküden oluşan “TRT Türk Halk Müziği Repertuarı” araştırma ve inceleme gibi amaçlara yönelik olarak önemli bir kaynak oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, bu kaynağa dayalı olarak,  ele alınan basit, bileşik ve aksak ölçüler yeniden sınıflandırılarak, Türk halk müziğindeki kullanım biçimleri; vuruş, zaman ve dizilim olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaklaşık 5000 türkü ve yedi yüz sözsüz oyun havası içerisinden seçilmiş örneklerle de desteklenerek, şekil ve tablolarla açıklanmıştır. Tarama modelinde ve betimsel bir yaklaşımla gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada veriler, kaynak taraması yapılarak ve analitik bir bakış açısıyla ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, incelenen basit, bileşik ve aksak ölçüyle yazılmış oldukça çeşitli türküler olduğu, bunlardan bileşik 9/8, 10/16’lık ölçülerin çok az, 6/8, 12/8, 9/4, 9/16, 7/16’lık ölçülerin belirli bölgelerde, 2/4, 4/4, 9/8’lik ölçülerin oldukça yaygın olarak kullanıldığı belirlenmiş, ayrıca ölçülerle ilgili temel belirleyici unsurlardan birinin de metronom hızı olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Koordination überbetrieblicher Wissensproduktion
Authors: Feuerstein Patrick , Hanekop Heidemarie
Published: April 2017

Open-Source-Communities sind eine spezifische, durch Digitalisierung zugleich von Arbeitsprozessen und Produkten ermöglichte Form kollaborativer Innovationsarbeit, die wegen ihres besonderen Potenzials zur Organisation verteilter, überbetrieblicher Wissensproduktion zunehmend auch von Unternehmen für kommerzielle Zwecke genutzt wird. Doch obgleich digitale technische Infrastrukturen für diese Form von Innovationsarbeit zentral sind, ist das Gelingen von Community-basierten Innovationen auf jenseits der Technik liegende, sie stützende soziale Mechanismen von Gemeinschaftlichkeit angewiesen. Der Beitrag untersucht anhand einer Fallstudie die durch digitale Infrastrukturen vermittelte Koordination unterschiedlicher Akteure innerhalb einer Open-Source-Community mit spezifischem Blick auf Konflikte zwischen Unternehmen und Community und deren Bearbeitung durch die Akteure im Spannungsverhältnis von gemeinschaftlicher Governance in der Community und hierarchischer Governance in den Unternehmen.
Rethinking Constitutionalism: Using Epistemology to Show the Inadequacy of the Public/Private Distinction
Authors: Mancilla Roberto
Published: April 2017

The public/private distinction came to be in the 16th and 17th centuries as a form of a limitation of political power and structuring of social interactions – it is a product of its own time and in Western thought it is seen as a given. Does it still hold? In the first part of the paper I intend to offer a reconstruction of the public/private distinction, which I will then criticize by means of constructivist epistemology, i. e. the statement that knowledge is created by a cognizing subject and transmitted along to others. In the last part I then offer an alternative reconstruction, which in light of phenomena like globalization and technological advancement, centers on the mobility of subjects and resources. With the use of cognitive science, I will demonstrate that the distinction between private and public that is put at the center of Western thinking is but a construction, the meaning of which is created (and negotiated) in a given society. The reader will be persuaded that even if this alternative framework is not a suitable substitute for the public/private distinction, a serious discussion of the latter’s shortcomings must take place.