bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Key Populations at Higher Risk for, or Living With, HIV or Hepatitis C Virus and People Working With These Populations: Multicountry Community-Based Research Study Protocol (EPIC Program)
Authors: Delabre Rosemary M , Di Ciaccio Marion , Lorente Nicolas , Villes Virginie , Castro Avila Juliana , Yattassaye Adam , Bonifaz César , Ben Moussa Amal , Sikitu Ingrid-Zaïre , Khodabocus Niloufer , Freitas Rosa , Spire Bruno , Veras Maria Amélia , Sagaon-Teyssier Luis , Girard Gabriel , Roux Perrine , Velter Annie , Delpech Valérie , Ghosn Jade , Riegel Lucas , Rojas Castro Daniela
Published: August 2023

Background

Information concerning the impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on populations most affected by HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV; or key populations [KP]), and those working with these populations in community settings, is limited. Community-based organizations working in the field of HIV and viral hepatitis are well placed to identify and meet the new needs of KP owing to the health crisis.

Objective

This study aims to describe the development and implementation of an exploratory and descriptive multicountry, community-based research program, EPIC (Enquêtes Pour évaluer l’Impact de la crise sanitaire covid en milieu Communautaire), within an international network of community-based organizations involved in the response to HIV and viral hepatitis. The EPIC program aimed to study the impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on KP or people living with HIV or HCV and people working with these populations at the community level (community health workers [CHWs]) and to identify the key innovations and adaptations in HIV and HCV services.

Methods

A general protocol and study documents were developed and shared within the Coalition PLUS network. The protocol had a built-in flexibility that allowed participating organizations to adapt the study to local needs in terms of the target population and specific themes of interest. Data were collected using surveys or interviews.

Results

From July 2020 to May 2022, a total of 79 organizations participated in the EPIC program. Across 32 countries, 118 studies were conducted: 66 quantitative (n=12,060 among KP or people living with HIV or people living with HCV and n=811 among CHWs) and 52 qualitative (n=766 among KP or people living with HIV or people living with HCV and n=136 among CHWs).

Conclusions

The results of the EPIC program will provide data to describe the impact of the health crisis on KP and CHWs and identify their emerging needs. Documentation of innovative solutions that were put into place in this context may help improve the provision of services after COVID-19 and for future health crises.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/45204
Secular Trends in Gastric and Esophageal Cancer Attributable to Dietary Carcinogens From 1990 to 2019 and Projections Until 2044 in China: Population-Based Study
Authors: Guo Hui-Xiao , Wang Qi , Wang Can , Yin Qing Chen , Huo Hua Zhi , Yin Bing Hua
Published: August 2023

Background

Little is known about trends in or projections of the disease burden of dietary gastric and esophageal cancer (GEC) in China.

Objective

We aim to report GEC deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019, predict them through 2044, and decompose changes in terms of population growth, population aging, and epidemiological changes.

Methods

We retrieved dietary GEC data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) online database and used joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort models to analyze trends in dietary GEC deaths and DALYs from 1990 to 2019 in China. We used a Bayesian age period cohort model of integrated nested Laplace approximations to predict the disease burden of GEC through 2044 and obtained the estimated population of China from 2020 to 2050 from the Global Health Data Exchange website. Finally, we applied a recently developed decomposition method to attribute changes between 2019 and 2044 to population growth, population aging, and epidemiological changes.

Results

The summary exposure values and age-standardized rates decreased significantly from 1990 to 1999, with percentage changes of –0.06% (95% CI –0.11% to –0.02%) and –0.05% (95% CI –0.1% to –0.02%), respectively. From 1990 to 2019, for dietary esophageal cancer, the percentage change in age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was –0.79% (95% CI –0.93% to –0.58%) and the percentage change in age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was –0.81% (95% CI –0.94% to –0.61%); these were significant decreases. For dietary stomach cancer, significant decreases were also observed for the percentage change in ASMR (–0.43%, 95% CI –0.55% to –0.31%) and the percentage change in ASDR (–0.47%, 95% CI –0.58% to –0.35%). In addition, data from both the joinpoint regression and annual percentage change analyses demonstrated significantly decreasing trends for the annual percentage change in ASMR and ASDR for GEC attributable to dietary carcinogens. The overall annual percentage change (net drift) was –5.95% (95% CI –6.25% to –5.65%) for dietary esophageal cancer mortality and –1.97% (95% CI –2.11% to –1.83%) for dietary stomach cancer mortality. Lastly, in 2044, dietary esophageal cancer deaths and DALYs were predicted to increase by 192.62% and 170.28%, respectively, due to age structure (121.58% and 83.29%), mortality change (76.81% and 92.43%), and population size (–5.77% and –5.44%). In addition, dietary stomach cancer deaths and DALYs were predicted to increase by 118.1% and 54.08%, with age structure, mortality rate change, and population size accounting for 96.71% and 53.99%, 26.17% and 3.97%, and –4.78% and –3.88% of the change, respectively.

Conclusions

Although the predicted age-standardized rates of mortality and DALYs due to dietary GEC show downward trends, the absolute numbers are still predicted to increase in the next 25 years due to rapid population aging in China.
YouTube Videos on Nutrition and Dental Caries: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Long Memphis , Forbes Laura E , Papagerakis Petros , Lieffers Jessica R L
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Dental caries is the most common health condition worldwide, and nutrition and dental caries have a strong interconnected relationship. Foods and eating behaviors can be both harmful (eg, sugar) and healthful (eg, meal spacing) for dental caries. YouTube is a popular source for the public to access information. To date, there is no information available on the nutrition and dental caries content of easily accessible YouTube videos.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to analyze the content of YouTube videos on nutrition and dental caries.

METHODS

In total, 6 YouTube searches were conducted using keywords related to nutrition and dental caries. The first 20 videos were selected from each search. Video content was scored (17 possible points; higher scores were associated with more topics covered) by 2 individuals based on the inclusion of information regarding various foods and eating behaviors that impact dental caries risk. For each video, information on video characteristics (ie, view count, length, number of likes, number of dislikes, and video age) was captured. Videos were divided into 2 groups by view rate (views/day); differences in scores and types of nutrition messages between groups were determined using nonparametric statistics.

RESULTS

In total, 42 videos were included. Most videos were posted by or featured oral health professionals (24/42, 57%). The mean score was 4.9 (SD 3.4) out of 17 points. Videos with >30 views/day (high view rate; 20/42, 48% videos) had a trend toward a lower score (mean 4.0, SD 3.7) than videos with ≤30 views/day (low view rate; 22/42, 52%; mean 5.8, SD 3.0; P=.06), but this result was not statistically significant. Sugar was the most consistently mentioned topic in the videos (31/42, 74%). No other topics were mentioned in more than 50% of videos. Low–view rate videos were more likely to mention messaging on acidic foods and beverages (P=.04), water (P=.09), and frequency of sugar intake (P=.047) than high–view rate videos.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the analyzed videos had low scores for nutritional and dental caries content. This study provides insights into the messaging available on nutrition and dental caries for the public and guidance on how to make improvements in this area.
Use of Electronic Patient Messaging by Pregnant Patients Receiving Prenatal Care at an Academic Health System (Preprint)
Authors: Holder Kai , Feinglass Joe , Niznik Charlotte , Yee Lynn M.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Use of electronic medical record (EMR) patient portal messaging has rarely been studied in maternity care.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to estimate changes in patient portal use and intensity in prenatal care before and during the pandemic period.

METHODS

In this study, patients seen for prenatal care at a large academic medical center were categorized by the number of secure messages sent during pregnancy as non-users, infrequent (5), moderate (6-14), or frequent (15). Monthly portal use intensity rates were computed over 43 months from 2018-2021 before to after the COVID pandemic shutdown. A logistic regression model was estimated to identify patient sociodemographic and clinical subgroups with the highest portal non-use.

RESULTS

Among 12,380 patients, 21.7% never used the portal, and 21.6%, 30.3%, and 26.4% were infrequent, moderate, and frequent users, respectively. Portal use and intensity increased significantly over the study period, particularly after the pandemic. However, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-English-speaking, and Medicaid-insured patients continued to have significantly lower likelihoods of portal use. Patients with pre-existing comorbidities, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, diabetes, and a history of mental health conditions were all significantly associated with higher portal use and intensity.

CONCLUSIONS

Reducing disparities in messaging use will require outreach and assistance to low use patient groups, including education addressing health literacy and encouraging appropriate and effective use of messaging.
NOVEL METHODOLOGY FOR REAL-TIME STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ASSISTANCE IN CUSTOM PRODUCT DESIGN
Authors: Zdravković Milan , Korunović Nikola
Published: August 2023

Mass-customization is related to optimizing the balance between flexibility, strongly required by the customer-focused industries and manufacturing efficiency, which is critical for market competitiveness. In the conventional industries, the process of designing, validating and manufacturing a product is long and expensive. Some of the common approaches for addressing those issues are parametric product modeling and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). However, the costs involved are still relatively high because of the very special expertise needed and the cost of the specialized software. Also, the specific design of the product cannot be validated in a real-time, which often leads to making hard compromises between the specific customer requirements and the structural properties of the product in its exploitation. In this paper, we propose the novel methodology for real-time structural analysis assistance for custom product design. We introduce the concept of so-called compiled FEA model, a Machine Learning (ML) model, consisting of dataset of characteristic product parameters and associated physical quantities and properties, selected ML algorithms and the sets of associated hyperparameters. A case study of creating a compiled FEA model for the case of internal orthopedic fixator is provided.
IMPROVEMENT OF SURFACE QUALITY OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY BY POWDER MIXED ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING USING COPPER POWDER
Authors: Haque Rafiqul , Sekh Mukandar , Kibria Golam , Haidar Shamim
Published: August 2023

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the most popular non-conventional machining processes that are being used in many high precision manufacturing industries. To increase the EDM performance, a hybrid technique, namely, powder mixed electrical discharge machining (EDM) (PMEDM) is generally used for getting more precise requirements. In this study, an experimental investigation is carried out in order to explore the machining performance of the PMEDM process on Ti-6Al-4V alloy using copper (Cu) powder in the EDM oil dielectric. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array design has been utilized for design of experiments and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been performed with the help of Minitab-19 software. The optimal parametric setting of Cu powder mixed EDM has been found utilizing the Taguchi - Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) integrated approach and also validation of optimal parametric setting is done through experimentation. It is a novel approach for machining Ti-6Al-4V alloy by this PMEDM technique in which the surface quality has been improved significantly with the addition of suitable amount of Cu powder into the dielectric medium.
DISCRETE-TIME MODEL-BASED SLIDING MODE CONTROLLERS FOR TOWER CRANE SYSTEMS
Authors: Borlea Anamaria-Ioana , Precup Radu-Emil , Roman Raul-Cristian
Published: August 2023

This paper applies three classical and very popular discrete-time model-based sliding mode controllers, namely the Furuta controller, the Gao controller, and the quasi-relay controller due to Milosavljević, to the position control of tower crane systems. Three single input-single output (SISO) control systems are considered, for cart position control, arm angular position control and payload position control, and separate SISO controllers are designed in each control system. Experimental results are included to support the comparison of the three plus three plus three sliding mode controllers.
Detection of Malware using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Patil Bhagyashree A , S Sri Adithya , M G Dr. Jayanthi
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This proposal abstract outlines a new approach to classification of malware using machine learning algorithms. Malware detection is an essential task in cybersecurity to identify and mitigate potential threats posed by malicious software. This research proposes a new framework of Support Vector Classifiers and Decision Tree these are very know machine learning algorithms which will be used on malware detection. The proposed work is designed to effectively classify whether the network data is malware or normal behavioural characteristics. The designed approach is compared with traditional algorithms of Machine Learning, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Decision Tree to evaluate its performance. The outcomes of this research are expected to yield on the development of more effective malware detection and prevention systems.
Synthesis, Theoretical Studies, Cytotoxicity of 2-((4-(Dimethylamino)Benzylidene)Amino)-5-Methylphenol with Potential JNK1 Inhibitory Activity
Authors: KARAOSMANOĞLU Oğuzhan , BERBER Halil , UYSAL Ülkü Dilek
Published: August 2023

Cisplatin, doxorubicin, hydroxycamptothecin, leucovorin, vincristine and 5-fluorouracil resistance of cancer cells are associated with the activities of C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 1 (JNK1). Inhibition of the JNK1 by pharmacological agents could be a beneficial attempt for reversing the chemoresistance of various cancer cells. However, there is no FDA-approved JNK inhibitor for safe use in clinics in today’s clinics. In this study, a Schiff base 2-((4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)-5-methylphenol, (7S4) has been synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C-NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis. The stable geometry of 7S4 has been determined by DFT method with Gaussian09 program (B3LYP/6-311g++(d,p))). The Gibbs Free energies, stable tautomer forms, H-bond, Mulliken charges, dipole moment, natural bond orbital (NBO), HOMO, LUMO and band gap energy (EGAP), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and solvent accessibility surface areas (SASA) have been calculated. Drug-likeness, anticancer and JNK1 inhibitory activities of 7S4 have been evaluated. Enol tautomer form of trans 7S4 was characterized as the most stable structure. 7S4 was observed to be a reactive compound in chemical reactions with a low EGAP value. In addition, high and low electron density regions of 7S4 are responsible for the establishment of chemical bonds in biological systems. 7S4 exhibited strong druggability with the agreement on Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muegge rules. Cytotoxicity tests and molecular docking revealed that 7S4 poses a potential JNK1 inhibitor activity.
Correlations constrained by composite measurements
Authors: Selby John H. , Sainz Ana Belén , Magron Victor , Czekaj Łukasz , Horodecki Michał
Published: August 2023

How to understand the set of correlations admissible in nature is one outstanding open problem in the core of the foundations of quantum theory. Here we take a complementary viewpoint to the device-independent approach, and explore the correlations that physical theories may feature when restricted by some particular constraints on their measurements. We show that demanding that a theory exhibits a composite measurement imposes a hierarchy of constraints on the structure of its sets of states and effects, which translate to a hierarchy of constraints on the allowed correlations themselves. We moreover focus on the particular case where one demands the existence of a correlated measurement that reads out the parity of local fiducial measurements. By formulating a non-linear Optimisation Problem, and semidefinite relaxations of it, we explore the consequences of the existence of such a parity reading measurement for violations of Bell inequalities. In particular, we show that in certain situations this assumption has surprisingly strong consequences, namely, that Tsirelson's bound can be recovered.
Bubble rupture & viability of red blood cells under resonant acoustic standing waves
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico: Mayagüez Campus, Puerto Rico, López Ramos Edwin ,   Sil Technologies, LLC, Puerto Rico, Rivera Bengoechea Manuel ,   Sil Technologies, LLC, Puerto Rico, Cancelos Mancini Silvina ,   Sil Technologies, LLC, Puerto Rico, Marín Martín Carlos ,   Department of Engineering Sciences & Materials, University of Puerto Rico: Mayagüez Campus, Puerto Rico,   Sil Technologies, LLC, Puerto Rico
Published: August 2023

Objective: The presentation of a novel prospective treatment for scenarios where bubble presence in the bloodstream poses a clinical risk. The method relies on generating resonant acoustic standing waves within a limb to non-invasively accelerate dissolution of bubbles present in the bloodstream via bubble rupture. Additionally, a preliminary assessment of the effects of the resonant acoustic waves and bubble rupture events on red blood cell viability is provided. Methods: Two semicircular piezoelectric (PZT) transducers electrically connected to each other were assembled around a small-girth segment of a rear thigh removed from a swine specimen. When driven at the frequency of electric resonance, this swine thigh and PZT transducer arrangement generates resonant acoustic standing waves within the swine thigh. Consequently, mechanical resonance of the system was non-invasively established by monitoring the electric response of the PZT to the applied frequency. The resonant acoustic field generated was used for the detection and rupture of bubbles that travel through a simulated blood vessel installed across the swine thigh. Two sets of experiments were carried out using this methodology, one with the artificial blood vessel filled with saline solution and one with defibrinated sheep blood. For the latter case, a preliminary hematologic assessment was done with red blood cell counts. Conclusion: Resonant acoustic standing waves effectively rupture bubbles of 300µm to 900µm within a simplified swine thigh model. The average dissolved gas content was 44% due to resonant acoustic waves at powers above 20W. No significant effect on red blood cell counts was observed.
Hyperbaric treatment deviations for U.S. Navy divers: Spinal DCS
Authors:   Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA, DeMis MD John , Keuski MD Brian ,   Fort Bragg, NC, USA, Due DO April ,   Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, USA
Published: August 2023

Introduction The United States Navy (USN) developed and refined standardized oxygen treatment tables for diving injuries, but USN tables may not address all situations of spinal decompression sickness (DCS). We describe a detailed recompression treatment regimen that deviated from standard USN protocol for an active-duty USN diver with a severe, delayed presentation of spinal cord DCS. Case Report A USN diver surfaced from his second of three dives on a standard Navy ‘no-Decompression’ Air SCUBA dive (Max depth 101 fsw utilizing a Navy Dive Computer) and developed mid-thoracic back pain, intense nausea, paresthesias of bilateral feet, and penile erection. Either not recognizing the constellation of symptoms as DCS and after resolution of the aforementioned symptoms, he completed the third planned dive (essentially an in-water recompression). Several hours later, he developed paresthesias and numbness of bilateral feet and legs and bowel incontinence. He presented for hyperbaric treatment twenty hours after surfacing from the final dive and was diagnosed with severe spinal DCS. Based on the severity of clinical presentation and delay to treatment, the initial and follow-on treatments were modified from standard USN protocol. MRI of the spine four days after initial presentation demonstrated a 2∙2 cm lesion at the T4 vertebral level extending caudally. Follow-up examinations over two years demonstrated almost complete return of motor and sensory function; however, the patient continued to suffer fecal incontinence and demonstrated an abnormal post-void residual urinary volume. An atypical presenting symptom, a discussion of MRI findings, and clinical correlations to the syndrome of spinal DCS are discussed throughout treatment and long-term recovery of the patient.
ANALISIS MAKNA IDIOMATIK DALAM ALQURAN
Authors: Rahman Abdur
Published: August 2023

Research related to material objects can be classified as follows: idiom meaning and semantic studies. On the meaning of idioms based on what was explained in Abdul Chaer's writings, an idiom is an utterance whose meaning cannot be predicted. Then in the semantic study aspect is the linguistic aspect which contains sound structures as well as concepts and meanings. From research related to the meaning of idioms that are often found in various someone's works, one of which is a novel. However, after tracing the meaning of the idiom cannot be understood only through the words that make it up, it requires re-analysis. Besides that, based on the research that the researchers conducted, research on the meaning of idioms used in the Qur'an, especially in each sura of this semantic review, has never been studied. This article uses qualitative research which means descriptive-analytical research. Based on the data analyzed and collected, this research is included in the category of Library Research (library) which is often disclosed, namely theoretical studies. The analysis used in this study is interpretive approach, namely looking at texts that can express a meaning in the sentence. With this analysis, the researcher has provided data which is the basis for applying the theoretical framework previously described. The author has found that there are many patterns of idiomatic meanings in every translation of surahs in the Qur'an. However, due to the limitations of the author's abilities, the author only takes a few patterns of idiom meanings as part of the surahs in the Qur'an, which count as many as 20 idioms with different surahs.
الدراسة الأسلوبية: تحليل أسلوب السخرية والتهكم والهجاء في مسلسل بهلول أعقل المجانين الجزء الأول
Authors: Rahmat Zatnika Aziz
Published: August 2023

After 2022, people's trends will have changed with the times. Watching films will become a new lifestyle in our society. Films have a diverse impact on society and are a means of conveying messages that are easily accepted, but understanding a film also requires sufficient insight. Stylistics is a way of greeting something to achieve what is intended; understanding stylistics will support understanding when watching movies. The first season of "Bahlul A'qalul Majanin" is a film that is full of satirical language; therefore, it is necessary to understand the satirical stylistics to understand this and similar films better. This research is descriptive qualitative research using text (content) analysis methods with data in the form of conversations and speech in the first season of the "Bahlul A'qalul Majanin" series. This research data was collected by observation (watching live) and then listening to the conversations and speeches in this series, after which the existing data was recorded. This study found that satire has several patterns for each type of satirical style that can be understood and seen quite clearly, from the foundation, purpose, and expression to the choice of words and sentences. The study also found the following number of satirical styles: 40 for irony, 17 for sarcasm, and 17 for satire.
Ticagrelor increases its own affinity to P2Y12 receptor by directly changing the plasma membrane lipid order in platelets
Authors: Pyrshev Kyrylo , Allemand Florentin , Rabani Vahideh , Yesylevskyy Semen , Davani Siamak , Ramseyer Christophe , Lagoutte-Renosi Jennifer
Published: August 2023

Background and Purpose: Although the amphiphilic nature of the widely
used antithrombotic drug Ticagrelor is well known, it was never
considered as a membranotropic agent, which is able to interact with
lipid bilayer in a receptor-independent way. In this work we investigate
the influence of Ticagrelor on plasma membrane lipid order in platelets
and whether this could modulate affinity of P2Y12 receptor to
Ticagrelor. Experimental Approach: Here, we combined fluorescent in
situ, in vitro and in silico approaches to probe the interactions
between the plasma membrane of platelets and Ticagrelor. The influence
of Ticagrelor on the lipid order of the platelets’ plasma membrane and
large unilamellar vesicles was studied using advanced fluorescent probe
NR12S. Further, the properties of the model lipid bilayers in presence
of Ticagrelor were characterized by molecular dynamics simulations.
Finally, the influence of an increased lipid order on the dose response
of platelets to Ticagrelor was studied. Key Results: Ticagrelor
incorporates spontaneously into lipid bilayers and affects the lipid
order of the membranes of model vesicles and isolated platelets in
non-trivial composition and concentration-dependent manner. We showed
that higher plasma membrane lipid order in platelets leads to the lower
IC50 for Ticagrelor. It is shown that membrane incorporation of
Ticagrelor increases the affinity of the drug to its own therapeutic
target, the P2Y12 receptor, by means of increasing the order of the
platelet’s plasma membrane. Conclusion and Implications: A novel dual
mechanism of Ticagrelor action is suggested that combines direct binding
to P2Y12 receptor with simultaneous modulation of receptor’s lipid
microenvironment.
NSC48160 targets AMPKα to ameliorate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting lipogenesis and mitochondrial oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Yin Xunzhe , Liu Zuojia , Wang Erkang , Wang Jin
Published: August 2023

Background and Purpose: Hepatic steatosis, which is triggered by
dysregulation of lipid metabolism and redox equilibrium in the liver, is
regarded as a risk factor in the initiating process of NAFLD. However,
pharmacologic engagement of this process appears to be difficult. This
study aims to identify the target of NSC48160, and investigate the
mechanism by which NSC48160 exerts its liver protecting effect and
ameliorate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Experimental Approach: We
identified the small molecule NSC48160 as an effective agent against
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We found that NSC48160 significantly
lowered hepatic lipid levels in vitro and in vivo by activating the
AMPK-dependent pathway. Key Results: Here, we found that activation of
liver AMPK by NSC48160 can prevent HFD-induced liver steatosis. RNA-seq
profiling and metabonomics analysis revealed that NSC48160-induced
lipogenesis is modulated by lipid metabolism. Using in silico molecular
docking combined with surface plasmon resonance and cellular thermal
shift assay, we confirmed AMPKα as a direct molecular target of
NSC48160. Activation of AMPK was further supported by the fact that the
knockdown of AMPK blocked the hepatoprotective effect of the NSC48160
and regulated its downstream pathway involved in lipogenesis by
SREBP1c-FASN pathway and fatty acid oxidation by CPT1A-PPARα pathway.
Moreover, NSC48160 dramatically reduces ROS production, recovers the
levels of the membrane potential and NAD+/NADH, and improves the
mitochondrial respiration. Conclusion and Implications: These findings
suggest that NSC48160 is a promising hit compound in the pursuit of a
pharmacological approach to regulate the lipogenesis and fatty acid
oxidation in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Timosaponin BⅡ alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3
Authors: Liu Changhui
Published: August 2023

Background and Purpose Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical
therapeutic potential in colonic inflammatory responses. The Timosaponin
BⅡ (TBⅡ) isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Anemarrhena
asphodeloides has outstanding anti-inflammatory effects in various
diseases. Here, we investigated the protective effects of TBⅡ against
dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.
Experimental Approach Wild-type (WT) and NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3-/-) mice
were applied to evaluate the protective effects of TBⅡ in DSS-induced
mice colitis. The role of TBⅡ in the LPS+ATP-induced cell model was
evaluated by inhibiting or overexpressing NLRP3. RNA-seq, ELISA, western
blots, immunofluorescence staining, and the expression analysis by qPCR
were performed to examine the alterations of colonic NLRP3 expression in
colon tissues and cells, respectively. Key Results TBⅡ treatment
repaired the intestinal mucosal barrier and alleviated colonic
inflammation In mice with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. RNA-seq
analysis and levels of protein expression demonstrated that TBⅡ could
prominently inhibit NLRP3 signaling. TBⅡ-mediated NLRP3 inhibition was
associated with the alleviation of intestinal permeability and the
inflammatory response via blocking the communication between epithelial
cells and macrophages. However, pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 or
NLRP3 overexpression significantly impaired TBⅡ-mediated the
anti-inflammatory effect. Mechanistically, TBⅡ-mediated NLRP3 inhibition
may be partially associated with the suppression of NF-κB. Conclusion
and Implications TBⅡ exerted a prominent protective effect against
colitis by impeding the crosstalk between epithelial cells and
macrophages, partially in the NLRP3-mediated inhibitory mechanism. These
beneficial effects could make TBⅡ a promising drug for relieving
colitis.
Development of an Instructional Model with Applied Programming Lesson Materials for Mobile Specialized High School
Authors:   Research Institute of Science Education, Kim Joo-ok , Jun Youngcook
Published: August 2023

Recently, the NCS curriculum has been introduced in specialized high schools aiming to cultivate practical skills such as knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are needed in industrial fields. This paper explored a model development for improving practical competencies of students in a K specialized high school in the area of information and communication based on the NCS curriculum.
The curriculum of applied computer programming among the NCS practical courses is composed of the lessons for software production such as development environment, user requirements analysis, application building and testing, and maintenance. However, it is one of the most difficult subjects for learners, and the students of specialized high school due to the students’ different competency levels in their understanding of programming and their logical thinking, which makes them less interested in learning and lowers their academic achievement. In this study, we focused on developing teaching and learning materials that can develop creative problem-solving methods by adopting ‘Design Thinking’ techniques to enhance learner-oriented teaching and learning.
Considering the students’ lack of concentration and learning comprehension as a whole, the curriculum model and teaching materials were organized in order to raise their interests through hands-on and creative problem solving activities. The prototype of developed model and instructional materials was implemented in the second year class of K specialized high school. At the end, we suggest directinos for improving the model and instructional materials based on interviews with expert teachers.
A Study on Teachers’ Perceptions of Career Education in Free Semester System - Focusing on Busan Region
Authors:   Research Institute of Science Education, Kim Minchae , Kim Younghwan
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to understand the overall perceptions of teachers in the free semester career system based on survey data.
First, although most of the teachers responded to understand the purpose of the free semester system at a very high level, there was a difference between the purpose of operation and the specific perception of the basic direction. Second, it was recognized that career education was needed at a macro level that looked at career path from a lifetime design perspective rather than a micro-level career education focused on experience in terms of career management, and there was a difference in the perception of operational content depending on the teaching experience. In terms of operation, teachers with less than 20 years of experience recognized that the ‘experience for experience’ was increased, which did not match the goals and purpose of free semester system. And they also recognized that the learning gap between students was widened. Third, there was no difference in perception about improvement plan according to teaching career. Teachers recognized the need for administrative and financial support to reduce job burdens and the provision of external instructor support and quality management measures were urgent.
It is necessary to integrate teachers’ perceptions about the identity of career education in the future, and it is necessary to systematically manage teacher training for free semester system in accordance with teaching career, subject etc. Finally, sufficient discussion and improvement plans are needed to ensure that teachers’ perceptions and practice on career education in free semester system.
Case Review of Untact Online Courses based on Video Recording vs. Synchronous Video Conferencing
Authors:   Research Institute of Science Education, Choi Wonho , Jun Youngcook
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the improvement of the quality of online courses delivered as the mode of non-face-to-face class situation during the spring semester in 2020. The subject courses were ‘Chemistry Logic and Essay’ and Artificial Intelligence targeted at the junior or senior students. The number of participating students were 8 and 20 students in ‘Chemistry Logic and Essay’ (mixed video and video conference) and Artificial Intelligence (video conference class), respectively. They filled out questionnaires about their perception on taking non-face-to-face courses and also submitted reflection notes at the end of the semester. The characteristics of the non-face-to-face class and the students’ perception were analyzed and compared with each other.
By adopting a case study method, we obtained the following results. For the course of ‘Chemistry Logic and Essay’, there were the following benefits: 1) the online teaching materials were systematically accumulated, 2) the students could turn out to increase their learning efficiency and 3) the lecturer could systematically deal with the students’ learning outcomes. However, the following disadvantages were also revealed: 1) the lecture could not grasp the students’ learning progress easily and 2) the students with less self-directed learning skills were not able to obtain the efficient learning progress. On the other hand, the Artificial Intelligence course, took real-time video conferencing method, which showed several benefits such as the presentation of learning materials through screen sharing, the cultivation of logical/computing thinking through carrying out coding tasks and presenting her own individual project. On the other side of coin, it called for flexible adjustment of individualized learning, etc. Overall, the case comparison study indicated several factors that might enhance the next round of online course delivery for per-service teachers.
코퍼스 기반 학습, 오류수정, 쓰기학습, 동사구습득
Authors:   Research Institute of Science Education, Lee Hyuk , Lee Hwa-Ja
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of corpus-based error correction of writing on college students’ acquisition of verb phrases. For this study, 26 college students were chosen as participants and instructed to correct the errors shown in their writing using concordance program. In addition, the students completed the pre- and post-verb tests measuring the students’ acquisition of verb phrases.
The results of this study are as follows: First, it was shown that verb phrase usage frequency rate was the highest in S+V+O pattern. In terms of verb phrase error frequency, it was the highest in S+V+O pattern and the second highest was in S+V+A pattern in both groups. The most frequent error types of verb phrase in the two patterns are presumed to result from the incorrect use of prepositions with verbs. Second, there was a significant difference between the two groups with regards to verb phrase error correction ratio according to the 7 sentence structure patterns. Higher error correction ratio indicates that there is improvement in accuracy, which leads to a better writing ability. Third, the pre- and post- verb tests showed that there was a 9% more improvement in the experimental group(12%) than in the control group(3%). In conclusion, the effects of corpus-based error correction contributed to the improvement of students’ acquisition of verb phrases. Finally, the data shows that when speaking in English students are most likely to use certain types of sentence patterns; S+V+O pattern, S+V+C pattern and S+V+A pattern. Considering those data results, it can be suggested that to improve the speaking ability of the students, teaching should be focused on practicing most frequently used sentence patterns.
Exploring the Research Trend and Concept of BYOD for the Use of BYOD as a Teaching Strategy for School Classes with Protracted COVID-19
Authors:   Research Institute of Science Education, Do Jaewoo , Kim Sujin
Published: August 2023

In the COVID-19, classes at school were made possible by preparing for quarantine and minimizing the density. There has been little discussion on how to redesign and manage school classes, while various studies have been conducted to support the use of online classes. This study proposes BYOD(Bring Your Own Device) as one of the appropriate teaching strategies that teachers can utilize for school classes in response to the prolonged COVID-19. BYOD can be used as a teaching strategy that enables the minimization of contact between students in the classroom by using digital devices owned by individuals rather than face-to-face contact. In addition, the improvement of digital literacy of teachers and students, the expansion of available online educational contents, and the improvement of school network environment suggest the possibility of using BYOD in Korean education sites. However, research on the use of BYOD in Korean education sites and related research is limited. The purpose of this study is to develop the basic understanding on BYOD for the use of BYOD as an effective instructional strategy for teaching school classes in the context of COVID-19. To achieve research goal, this study collected and analyzed overseas research and related materials. As a result, this study derives BYOD research trends, definition, strengths, limitations, and strategies for use as the theoretical foundation of BYOD. The results of this study will be used as basic data not only to improve the understanding of BYOD by teachers and schools that want to use BYOD, but also to form a foundation for a plan to use BYOD.
College of Education Students’ Perceptions and Responses to the 4th Industrial Revolution: Focused on the Comparison between Social Studies Education and Computer Education Majors
Authors:   Research Institute of Science Education, Lee Jungwoo
Published: August 2023

In this study, a survey has been conducted to find out college of education students’ perception of the 4th industrial revolution. Forty-four students majoring in social studies education and 33 in computer education participated in this survey. Results are as follows: First, college of education students regarded the 4th industrial revolution as ICT. Responses from social studies education majors encompassed a wider range of issues including the social impact of the 4th industrial revolution, its background and the response to it than those from computer education majors. Second, students suggested ‘information literacy’ and ‘fluency’ are required as competencies for the 4th industrial revolution. Social studies majoring students think more value/attitude as competencies for the prospective teacher than computer education majoring students. Third, students evaluated themselves as lacking the responses to the 4th industrial revolution. In fact, social studies majoring students think themselves as less prepared than their peers. Fourth, they did not think that education in the college is helpful for their preparation for the 4th industrial revolution. Computer education majoring students were more positive than social studies majoring students and social studies majoring students were more critical than their peers. Most students paid little attention to the active role of education, nor did they bring about a critical view of the 4th industrial revolution frame itself. These results suggest that the construction, curriculum, pedagogy of college of education should be changed.
The Influence of Parents and Teachers’ Social Support Mediated by Academic Self-Efficacy on Academic Amotivation of High School Students
Authors:   Research Institute of Science Education, Son Byeongsu
Published: August 2023

The discontinuation drop-out rate of specialized high school students is more than twice that of liberal arts high school, and the helplessness and lack of motivation of students in the actual educational field is a serious problem in specialized high school. Accordingly, in this study, the causal relationship between the variables was examined through a structural equation model based on the large supportive variables of parents and teachers, which can influence the academic amotiavation of specialized high school students, and the inner factor of academic self-efficacy. As a result of the study, social support of parents and teachers had a positive effect on academic self-efficacy (self-regulatory efficacy, self-confidence), and among the sub-variables of academic self-efficacy, only confidence had a negative effect on amotivation. In addition, both parents and teachers’ social support showed negative influences on academic amotiavation through a sense of academic self-efficacy. The results of the above study show that academic self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the influence of social support of parents and teachers on academic amotiavation. In other words, it implies that the structure of support that can improve the student’s academic self-efficacy should be made in the support of parents and teachers.
Preliminary Childcare Teachers’ Perception of Science Revealed through Child Science Guidance Lessons
Authors:   Research Institute of Science Education, Choo Su-Jin
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of science that pre-service teachers that were revealed after taking children’s science guidance classes. The study period was from September 30 to November 29, 2019. A total of 58 pre-service teachers participated in the study, and it was conducted using a qualitative research method that analyzed the content of narrative responses. The results of this study are as follows. First, science was perceived as familiar that can be experienced in everyday life. Familiar images through direct experience were meant to become familiar with science through real experiences. Second, science was perceived as easy and fun. It was noted that the individual’s thoughts changed through the children’s science guidance classes. Third, science was recognized as it could be learned through play with various materials and activities being linked with other play areas as well. The results of this study provided implications for the following field-based classes. Preparatory childcare teachers should conduct theoretical lectures and practice in parallel to form positive attitudes toward science education based on what they have learned through the training process. It was also emphasized that it was important for them to have practical experiences of science.
A Study on the Subjective Perception of the Identity of Social Educators
Authors:   Research Institute of Science Education, Kim Mijeong , Ahn Youngsik
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to know the identity on subjective perception with social educator in the field of social education. Through the literature review, this study conducted the focus group interview with three social educators. This study classified six categories on identity of social educator and showed necessary competencies for the professionalism of social educator. The findings from research procedures were described as follows. First, interview participants activated as social educator with experience and internal values. Second, participants recognized as social educator in the field of lifelong education. Third, participants conducted as social leader through continuous learning. Fourth, participants practised service and sharing in their life with social members. Fifth, participants had a pleasure when they found the change of local resident through education. Sixth, participants practiced comprehensive education with the sense of vocation and duty in spite of difficulty. Also, this study suggested necessary competencies for the professionalism of social educator as follows, versatile leadership, insight for education with the problem of local society, empathy ability for communication, program development through cooperative work with specialist in several fields, instructional activity and self perception and reflection.