bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lopinavir/Ritonavir in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Du Yan , Wang Tongtong , Li Bo , Pang Fang , Zhang Xuanguo , Xi Li
Published: September 2021

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in the treatment of COVID-19. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Ovid, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, and VIP databases were searched to obtain the clinical studies of LPV/r in the treatment of COVID-19 from December 2019 to July 2020. The literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their qualities were evaluated according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 688 patients were included in five studies, involving China and France. Compared with patients in the control group, who was only treated with routine treatment, there were no significant differences of the 7-day nucleic acid negative conversion rate and 14-day nucleic acid negative conversion rate in the treatment group. However, the use of LPV/r increased the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusion: There is no available evidence to support the use of Lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of COVID-19.
Meta-Analysis of the Bacterial Detection Rate in Perianal Abscess
Authors: Han Peizheng , Sha Jingtao , Du Shenghua , Yang Xiangyan
Published: September 2021

Literatures on the distribution of bacteria in perianal abscess from different regions and at different times were systematically analyzed, and the distribution of pathogens in perianal abscess was meta-analyzed using STATA 12.0 statistical software. The results showed that the detection rate of Escherichia coli was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.54-0.74), Klebsiella pneumoniae was 0.13 (95% CI, 0.12-0.15), and Staphylococcus was 0.07 (95% CI, 0.04-0.10).
Impact of climate change on the ecosystem of the central Himalayas, Nepal
Authors: Paudel Ganesh , Adhikari Subash , Jojiju Bikesh , Adhikari Rabindra , Adhikar Namita Paudel
Published: September 2021

The threats of climate change are found in both developed and developing countries. Since the impacts of climate change are global, irreversible, and pervasive, it is gaining worldwide attention. High mountains are the first indicators of climate change. However, the idea of what causes climate change effects on multiple ecosystem services remains scattered. This article is meant for information regarding the impacts of climate change on the ecosystem of Nepal. The result shows that climate change causes tree line shifting, change in land cover, extinction of species due to loss of habitat, imbalance in carbon sequestration on the terrestrial ecosystem while eutrophication of water bodies and extinction of endemic fish species was reported from the aquatic ecosystem. Tropical area is considered to be more affected by climate change in terms of Natural disasters and Health impacts. Moreover, different types of ecological modeling can be simulated in the context of Nepal for the prediction and future analysis of the impacts of climate change in the Ecosystem. Therefore, the impact of climate change is crucial and challenging.
Status of forest soil and necessity of sustainable soil conservation practices of Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Astha , Ojha Bidya , Bhatta Sandesh , Neupane Adarsha
Published: September 2021

Forests are the fundamental natural resource regarded as the crucial aspect to uplift rural livelihood in Nepal. Forest, not only acquaints us with ecosystem services but also deals with carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling in forest soil, serving the most crucial part of human welfare. However, several human forces such as construction of roads, deforestation, shifting cultivation, overgrazing, and forest fires have decreased the organic matter content and contributed to landslides, erosion and sedimentation in forest. Frequent landslides, soil erosion on the landscape of Nepal is degrading the environment and soil, where 1.7mm of fertile topsoil is lost annually. Considering the fact, present study points to recognize the status of forest soil, its relationship and necessity of sustainable soil conservation practices. Secondary sources of data were used to assemble the related information. Hence, Involvement of different institutions, policy, law, local participation and community-based approach is significantly important in adopting forest soil conservation approaches. Different strategies of carbon sequestration should be maintained by increasing plant cover, enhancing microbes, utilizing agricultural inputs and slowing down the amount of soil disturbances. Likewise, strengthening different thematic areas of Forest Policy 2015 is indispensable in effective implementation of sub sectoral programmes. Forest management strategies incorporating the concepts of carbon storage, buffer strips, terracing, windbreaks, agroforestry, conservation tillage are the major areas highlighted through this paper for further researchers on preserving forest land.
Varietal performance of Broad leaf Mustard during winter season in plain region of eastern Nepal
Authors: Dahal Krishna
Published: September 2021

The experiment was conducted in agriculture farm of Girija Prasad Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Centre Gothagaun, Morang to know the morphological and yield attributing character, disease severity and organoleptic test of Broad leaf Mustard. Four Variety of broad leaf mustard namely Khumal Chaudapat, Marpha Chaudapat, Manakamana and Mustard 101 with five replication was laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) from October, 2020 to January, 2021. The length of leaf was superior in Kumal chaudapat (29.01 cm) as compare to other variety. The yield performance of Khumal chaudapat was better (27.10mtha-1) followed by Marpha Chaudapat (24.50mtha-1) and Manakamana (23.90mtha-1). Lowest disease severity was recorded in Mustard 101 (26.7%), and highest disease severity in Marpha Chaudapat (37.85%).  Overall, organoleptic test was good in Marpha Chaudapat.
Land use/land cover change assessment of Mohana watershed (Far-Western Nepal) using GIS and remote sensing
Authors: Bist Suraj Prasad , Adhikari Rabindra , Regmi Raju Raj , Subedi Rajan
Published: September 2021

The present study was conducted in the Mohana watershed of Far-western Nepal to assess land use land cover change. The study has used ArcGIS and three Landsat images - Landsat TM (1999), Landsat ETM+ (2009), and Landsat OLI (2019) – to analyze land use the land cover change of the watershed. The change matrix technique was used for change detection analysis. The study area was classified into five classes; forest, agriculture, built-up, water bodies, and barren lands. The study has found that among the five identified classes forest and build-up increased positively from 45.40 % to 51.51 % - forest cover and 11.26 % to 19. 85 % - build-up respectively. Similarly, agricultural land and water bodies initially increased but after 2009 both land cover areas decreased to 23.79 % and 0.73 % from 31.38 % and 0.97 % in 2009 respectively. Barren land decreased from 15.37% to 4.12% over the last 20 years. This study might support land-use planners and policymakers to adopt the best suitable land use management option for the Mohana watershed.
GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF AUTUMN PLANTED HYBRID MAIZE TO HORSE PURSLANE (Trianthema portulacastrum) INTERFERENCE
Authors: Parvaiz Saad , Mubeen Khuram , Aziz Mudassir , -ul-Haq Tanveer
Published: September 2021

The assumed comparative losses of horse purslane’s (vern. It sit) losses relative to other weeds are higher. The study was conducted during summer season 2018 at Research Farm Muhammad Nawa Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan on a field having high infestation history of horse purslane. Study was carried out in a RCBD with three replications. Experiment consisted of ten treatments viz: weeds free (whole season), horse purslane free till 20 Days after emergence (DAE), horse purslane free till 40 DAE, horse purslane free till 60 DAE, all weeds free 20 DAE, all weeds free 40 DAE, all weeds free 60 DAE, weedy check (all weeds), weedy check except horse purslane and weedy check containing only horse purslane. The data showed the maximum yield and yield related parameters like plant height (178.49 cm), cob weight (27.88 g), cob length (28.72 cm), stover yield (10.20 t ha-1), kernel yield (6.86 t ha-1) and growth parameters like crop growth rate, leaf area index, leaf area duration and net assimilation rate in weeds free (whole season). In treatment (horse purslane free 40 DAE) kernel yield was higher as compared to treatments such as horse purslane free 20 DAE and 40 DAE. As the interference duration increased over 45 days after emergence, significant reduction in yield and growth of maize was observed. It can be concluded that farmers should control horse purslane within first 45 days in maize field.
HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Ageratum conyzoides AGAINST PARTHENIUM
Authors: Javaid Nimra , Javaid Arshad , Shah Mukhtar Hussain , Khan Iqra Haider , Waleed Syed Muhammad
Published: September 2021

This study was carried out to explore herbicidal potential of an asteraceous weed Ageratum conyzoides against an exotic noxious weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) of aqueous extracts of various parts of the tested weed were used in laboratory bioassays. ANOVA revealed the significant effect of plant part bioassay and extract concentration on germination as well as various root and shoot growth parameters. Leaf extract was found the most herbicidal where a 10% extract completely inhibited the germination and growth of parthenium. Root and inflorescence extracts were also highly inhibitory in suppressing the germination up to 89% and 95%, shoot length up to 80% and 89%, root length up to 86% and 91%, and plant biomass up to 89% and 98%, respectively. Stem extract showed the least herbicidal activity causing up to 46%, 59%, 73% and 37% reduction in germination, shoot length, root length and plant biomass, respectively. This study concludes that leaf, root and inflorescence extracts of A. conyzoides possess strong herbicidal potential against germination and growth of parthenium.
Ali Hazrat TAXONOMIC STUDY OF ROSACEAE SPECIES OF DISTRICT DIR UPPER, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Hazrat Ali
Published: September 2021

A total of 30 plant species belonging to 14 genera of Rosaceae were collected from different localities of Dir upper. In which seven plant species were belonging to genus Prunus, five Rosa, three of Potentilla, two each of Cotoneaster, Rubus and Pyrus, one each of Crataegus, Eriobotrya, Fragaria, Malus, Sibbaldia, Sorbus, Sorbaria, Spiraea. It was concluded that members of the Rosaceae need attention not only for its cultivation but emphasis must be made on conservation for sustainable utilization of plant resources.
Allelopathic efficiency of orange fruit waste as a natural bioherbicid in controlling canarygrass and cheeseweed infested common bean plants.
Authors: El-Wakeel Mona Adel
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the bioherbicidal properties of orange peelsagainst canary grass and cheeseweed mallow and the response of common bean plants.Two successive pot experiments were conducted with twelve treatments. The first fourtreatments were applied by incorporating of orange peels powder with the soil surface atsuccessive rates (10, 20, 30 and 40 g/pot) one week pre-sowing of common bean. Inthe other corresponding four treatments, the orange peels powder was incorporated withthe soil surface at the same rates but directly at the same time with sowing of commonbean seeds. Additionally, four untreated control treatments were applied for comparison.The recorded results revealed the inhibitory allelopathic effects of orange peels powderon both weeds with direct relationship between the orange peels rate and it's inhibitoryeffects. However, the pre-sowing treatments were more effective than the others whichapplied at the time of sowing. Orange peels at 40g/pot at one week pre-sowing gave thehighest inhibitory effect on both weeds. This superior treatment subsequently recordedthe highest growth parameters and yield traits of common bean. Estimated phenoliccompounds, flavonoids and essential oils in orange peels may be responsible for thisinhibitory effect.
Inhibitory impact of Daraikh (Melia Azedarach) leaves litter on wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedling
Authors: Hussain Iqtidar
Published: September 2021

A biological phenomenon by which one plant releases some chemicals in the environment that affect the rate of germination, its seedling emergence and physiology and overall growth of neighboring plants is called allelopathy. The significance of study was checked allelopathic phytochemical potential of Daraikh (Melia Azedarach L.) leaves on Wheat. Leaves litter were used to examine the allelopathic effects of Daraikh (Melia Azedarach) at five concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 g, control) parameters studied germination percentage (%), Speed of germination, plant height (cm), root length (cm), Shoot length (cm), coleoptile length (cm), Fresh weight (g) and dry weight (g), Tiller (plant-1) and chlorophyll content (µ cm-2) of Triticum aestivum. All concentration of Leaves litter of Melia Azedarach showed pronounced inhibitory effect on all parameters of Triticum aestivum. Melia Azedarach exerted phytotoxic influence on Triticum aestivum at initial growth stages. Melia Azedarach exhibited a significant negative impact on germination of Triticum aestivum at 100, 200, 300, 400 g litter of leaves than control (Sterilized soil) repectively. Melia Azedarach halted the coleoptile length of Triticum aestivum @ 400 g leaves litter. Powdered leaves of Melia Azedarach in clay loam soil appeared to have strong allelopathic inhibition under maximum concentrations on growth and germination of Triticum aestivum. Hence, Melia Azedarach proved a strong allelopathic plant that should be planted aside from field to avoid harmful impacts during early growth stages of Triticum aestivum.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF PURPLE NUTSEDGE ALLELOPATHY AND OTHER METHODS ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)
Authors: Sootaher Jay Kumar
Published: September 2021

This research was made for the comparison of the effects of purple nutsedge allelopathy and other methods on the weed management in barely at Students’ Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam for weed as well as barely parameters having eight treatments with three replications. The data revealed that maximum weed number (45.6 m-2), weed fresh weight (20.6 g m-2), weed dry weight (6.3 g m-2) was observed under T1= No weeding (control). However, the maximum weed control (91.3%) was recorded under T7= Puma super 75 EW at 0.625 L ha-1, 50 reduced (30 DAS) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 L ha-1 (45 DAS). The barley crop results revealed that maximum tillers (355.6 m-2), plant height (106.3 cm), spike length (11.5 cm), grains spike-2 (47.3), seed index (51 g), biological yield (11737 kg ha-1), grain yield (4493 kg ha-1) and harvest index (41.9%) was recorded under T7= Puma super 75 EW at 0.625 L ha-1 50 % reduced (30 DAS) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 L ha-1 (45 DAS). Hence, current results manifested that proper application of puma super 75 EW at 0.625 L ha-1 50 % reduced (30 DAS) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 L ha-1 (50 DAS) produce maximum growth and yield parameters of barley crop. So, it was suggested that application of puma super 75 EW at 0.625 L ha-1, 50 % reduced (30 DAS) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 L ha-1 (45 DAS) apply for getting higher yield (4493 kg ha-1) of barley crop. It was finalized that this study will be very fruitful for the future progress of barley production.
ON THE PECULIARITIES OF AFGHANISTAN’S LEGAL SYSTEM DURING THE RULE OF THE TALIBAN
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Antonov Boris A.
Published: September 2021

The essence of any legal system in the concrete state depends on what is actually recognized in it as the main source of law. In case of Sharia, such sources are Koran, Sunnah, qiyas, and Yidma. In addition to Sharia, however, pre-Islamic and non-Islamic sources of law – such as adat (custom), firman (decree) and nizam (law) – are actively involved in the legal systems of many Muslim states. The operation of several sources of law in one country is an example char- acteristic for the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan during the rule of the Taliban there. Lack of balance between the interests of different ethnic groups in Af- ghanistan, the inability of Afghan authorities to compromise and contradic- tions among the competing legal norms have led to destabilizing the legal sys- tem of the country that has finally been transformed into a kind of space where several enclave legal sources operate, being in a conflict with each other at such levels of their interaction as Hanafi-Hanbali (the level of madhhabs), inner- Islamic (Sufi and Wahhabi, Shiite and Sunni), ethno-political (Pashtunization and Talibanization), Sharia -non-Sharia (adat, firman). The last level – which is Sharia – non-Sharia (adat, firman) – has become an illustrative example of a complicated, sometimes conflicting, relationship of Sharia and adat (customary law, enshrined in the code of honor “Pashtunwali”).
Diizopropilfenol okozta görcsroham elektromos kardioverzió során (esetismertetés)
Authors: Márton István , Óbert Marianna , Honti-Kiss Marcell
Published: September 2021

A szerzők egy igen ritka és érdekes gyógyszermellékhatást, illetve friss nemzetközi szakirodalmi adatokat kívánnak megosztani. A sürgősségi betegellátás során kevés szakember gondol a propofol alkalmazásakor dózistól függetlenül fellépő adverz gyógyszer reakciójára. Új farmakológiai tudományág született, a famakovigilancia. Fogalma felöleli a biztonságos gyógyszeralkalmazás érdekében kifejtett tevékenységek összességét. A WHO 2002-es meghatározása szerint a famakovigilancia a gyógyszerek káros hatásaival vagy gyógyszerrel kapcsolatos egyéb problémák észlelésével, értékelésével, megértésével és megelőzésével foglalkozó tudomány, illetve tevékenység. Szakirodalmi adatok bár foglalkoztak a propofol mellékhatásaival, de kevés leírás született, neurogén konvulziót okozó hatásával kapcsolatosan. Régebben elektromos kardioverzió tekintetében narkózis (thipoental, propanidid), szedatoanalgézia (benzodiazepin és opioid fájdalomcsillapító), illetve ezek vegyítésének alkalmazása volt a standard eljárás Magyarországon. Az ezredfordulót követően széles körben inkább az etomidate és a propofol adása került előtérbe.
Algunos valores intangibles de la mediación como estrategia de marketing
Authors: Maltez-Navarro Vanny
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo académico describe cómo los valores intangibles de la mediación son utilizados en estrategias de mercadeo y de qué forma favorecen el consumo del servicio de los métodos de solución de conflictos.
Se presenta un acercamiento teórico del valor intangible de los servicios desde el enfoque del marketing, describiendo ciertos valores intangibles de la mediación que favorecen el posicionamiento como opción para resolver un conflicto. Presentando los intangibles de competitividad, la innovación, la modernidad, el empoderamiento y la innovación cómo materia de estudios necesario en la finalidad de comprender la interacción de consumo existente entre los valores intangibles, la percepción y el posicionamiento.
De igual manera se realiza un acercamiento teórico de cómo el consumidor interpreta estos valores intangibles de la mediación en su esquema mental, para tomar decisiones futuras y extender recomendaciones a otros individuos de la sociedad, dependiendo del grado de expectativa y satisfacción obtenido en el proceso de percepción; con la finalidad de logar un posicionamiento en la mente del consumidor.
Se describe, desde la visión del marketing, el posicionamiento de la mediación como resultado de la estrategia de los valores intangibles. Para ello se ponen en discusión la teoría del comportamiento del consumidor en términos de expectativa, satisfacción y los posibles estadios de resultados para el posicionamiento de la mediación.
Para realizar conclusiones descriptivas de cómo los valores intangibles de la mediación benefician el consumo por medio de una mejora en el posicionamiento en la mente del consumidor.
La desconfianza en los sistemas de impartición de justicia mexicana, prospección y evaluación desde la perspectiva del Conflict Analysis Tipology (CAT)
Authors: Flores-Montes Jazmin
Published: September 2021

Los niveles de percepción de confianza en México son preocupantes, esto implica que se desconozcan los beneficios que posee la confianza como valor intangible para que esta sea vista como factor imprescindible para que el ser humano sea capaz de resolver sus propios conflictos; los que surgen de su relación con otros sujetos en el entorno social; y aquellos que versan ante las instituciones del Estado encargadas de impartir justicia tradicional y alterna como la mediación.
El presente artículo muestra la aplicación del instrumento cualitativo Conflict Analysis Tipology (CAT) de Josep Redorta, que permite la identificación del tipo de conflicto en la investigación denominada “Los elementos generadores de Confianza como Valor intangible en la mediación”, a través de la tipicación de patrones dominantes, los cuales sustentan y otorgan rigor científico a la problemática de estudio planteada, además de que nos permitirá centrar la intervención adecuada para la transformación y solución del conflicto detectado.
Determinantes de intensidad administrativa en los Centros Públicos de Investigación: análisis longitudinal
Authors: Nava Galván Claudia E. , Palma Alberto Pastrana
Published: September 2021

La intensidad administrativa se ha tratado en la literatura como un concepto unidimensional determinado por el tamaño de la organización. En este trabajo se considera que la intensidad administrativa es multidimensional ya que existen diferentes variables que la determinan. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa longitudinal a través de datos de panel (2010-2020) correspondiente a los Centros Públicos de Investigación. Esta investigación se centró en tres aspectos sobre la intensidad administrativa: primero, se analizó a través de regresión lineal si las medidas de razón de la intensidad administrativa y el tamaño de la organización distorsionan o sesgan los resultados para analizar las economías de escala administrativa, además se probó que estas medidas de razón tienen implicaciones correctas y apoyan la teoría de economías de escala administrativa relacionada con el tamaño de la organización, segundo, se identificaron los efectos de tres determinantes de la intensidad administrativa (tamaño de la organización, diferenciación funcional y especialización). El tamaño tuvo un efecto negativo en la intensidad administrativa pero al agregar el término cuadrático a la variable de tamaño se observó una relación no lineal. La diferenciación funcional tuvo un efecto positivo sobre la intensidad administrativa. La relación entre la intensidad administrativa y especialización fue positiva, y tercero, la intensidad administrativa tuvo un efecto positivo en la productividad. Esta investigación muestra evidencia empírica con implicaciones prácticas para las políticas organizacionales de los Centros Públicos de Investigación.
Factores que inciden en la satisfacción de los usuarios de sistemas de información en las organizaciones
Authors: Báez Vázquez Betzacarías , Vázquez Zacarías Manuel Alexis
Published: September 2021

La presente investigación estudia el vínculo existente entre los factores de calidad del sistema, calidad de la información, utilidad y facilidad de uso en la satisfacción de los usuarios de sistemas de información en las organizaciones. Se busca desarrollar un modelo teórico sustentado en la literatura actualizada sobre el tema para su aplicación en futuras investigaciones.
Factores que inciden en la competitividad de las empresas agrícolas: caso de las empresas frutícolas de Soconusco en Chiapas (México)
Authors: LEAL LOPEZ RUBEN HERNAN , PUENTE ABEL PARTIDA , CARRERA SANCHEZ MARIA MARGARITA , VILLARREAL VILLARREAL LUIS ALBERTO
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis exploratorio de los factores que inciden en la competitividad de las empresas frutícolas de la región Soconusco en el estado de Chiapas (México) considerando la calidad del producto, precio del producto, capacidad de innovación, cumplimiento de certificaciones y canales de distribución. En tal sentido se realizó un trabajo del tipo exploratorio y descriptivo aplicando el instrumento de medición a dueños, directores y gerentes de 15 empresas frutícolas establecidas en la región de Soconusco. Los resultados del presente estudio demuestran que los directivos tienen la percepción que estas empresas tienen un dominio alto en las variables de la calidad del producto y el cumplimiento de certificaciones superior al 80% en ambas variables, así como un 63% de dominio en la variable de capacidad de innovación.
Biotransformation of congo red in a UASB reactor under salinity conditions using immobilized redox mediator in granular activated carbon
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL). Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico, Espinoza Glenda A. , Almaguer-Cantú Verónica , García-Reyes Refugio B. , Meza Edna R. , Serrano-Palacios Denisse , Alvarez-Valencia Luis H. ,   Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL). Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico,   Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON). 5 de febrero 818 Sur, C.P. 85000, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico,   Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON). 5 de febrero 818 Sur, C.P. 85000, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
Published: September 2021

Azo dyes are susceptible to be treated by reductive biotransformation process under anaerobic conditions. The process can be accelerated by the addition of quinones and humic substances acting as redox mediators (RM). In this study, the anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) was immobilized on granular activated carbon (GAC) to evaluate the reductive biotransformation of congo red (CR) in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB). The syudy was divided in five stages, where the reactors with immobilized RM and without RM were operated under different salinity levels (1% and 3%) and hydraulic retention times (HRT = 5 and 10 h). The reactor with immobilized RM (GAC-AQS) achieved a decolorization efficiency of 96.1% and substrate consumption of 98.8% with a HRT = 15 h and 1% of salinity. Nonetheless, with a salinity of 3% and the same HRT, the efficiency was similar (95.6%). The reactor provided with unmodified GAC achieved values below those observed in the reactor GAC-AQS, with decolorization efficiencies of 90.8% and 75.8%, and substrate consumption of 97.1% and 88.4%, for the stages IV and V, respectively. The microbial consortium sued was able to promote the biotransformation of azo dye and no inhibitory effects were identified.
Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility in Agro Business: Creating Value for Sustainability in Society and the Environment
Authors: Duffour Kwame Asare , Ahmed Waseem , Farooq Qamar
Published: September 2021

Scholars and companies are making efforts in broadening the knowledge and image of corporate sustainability and corporate social responsibility. In light of this direction, this paper reports on how agro businesses are affecting the well-being of humans, the environment, and the corporate sector. This study adopted to review published electronic journal articles on corporate sustainability and corporate social responsibility shedding light on the challenges, threats, and solutions of agro-business. Furthermore, the study critically analyzes some of the latest value-based sustainability constructs. This review provides a conceptual understanding of sustainability and corporate responsibility. Responsible business practices foster the creation of economic and social value by realigning business objectives with stakeholder management and environmental responsibility. The study adds to the literature and is a critical insight to organizations regarding sustainability in agro business and corporate social responsibility.
Characterization of the physicochemical properties of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivated in Korhogo in the North of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Michel Arthur Niamke  , Soronikpoho Soro  , Bernard Tehi Sea  , Jaures Elidje Atchowo  , Joseph Allico Djaman
Published: September 2021

Sweet peppers are consumed less in Korhogo, in the north of Côte d'Ivoire, than other hotter peppers. In addition, the sweet pepper is underexploited, it encounters problems of conservation, distribution. This study is a valorization of the sweet pepper. The physical properties are: 5.8-6.93 cm for length, 14.21-15.03 cm for circumference, 34.28-42.65 g for weight, 91.19-91.80 % for humidity, 0.49-0.61 % for ash content. The contents of biochemical elements are: 5.42-5.54 for the pH, 2.92 meq / 100 g on average for the titratable acidity, 177.45-254.57 mg / 100g for reducing sugars, 3,42-4.29 % for total sugars, 0.36 % on average for lipids, 0.73-1 % for proteins, 2.03-3 % for fibers, 6.62-6.93 % for total carbohydrates, 32.64-34.7 Kcal / 100 g for energy value. The amounts of vitamin C, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins are respectively: 26.67-51.25 mg / 100 g; 116.16-131.28 mg / 100 g; 1.97-4.43 mg / 100 g; 14.74-19.12 mg / 100 g. The contents of anti-nutritional compounds are 363-388.67 mg / 100 g for oxalates, 20.08-22.20 mg / 100 g for phytates. Sweet pepper contains 0.14 % DM on average phosphorus, 0.33-0.37 % DM for potassium, 0.30-0.31 % DM for calcium, 0.167-0.174 % DM for magnesium, 2.76 -3.80 ppm copper, 7.5-7.92 ppm iron, 0.59-0.69 ppm manganese, 16.24-16.34 ppm zinc, 6.46-20.15 ppm sodium. Processed before consumption, Sweet pepper constitutes a significant source of food fibre, natural antioxidant, and mineral elements for local population.
Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli in a tertiary health care facility in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ifeoma G Nwafuluaku  , Nneka R Agbakoba  , Simon N Ushie  , Eucharia A Dilibe
Published: September 2021

Background: The prevalence of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli has recently increased worldwide due to the expression of ESBL genes which had led to high rate of multidrug resistance antibiotics. Aim: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. coli isolates and evaluating the ESBL carriage of these isolates at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Methods: One hundred and two clinical Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from UTI suspects and analyzed for ESBL production at phenotypic and genotypic levels using Modified Double Disc Synergy Test and Polymerase Chain Reaction respectively. Results: Of the 102 isolates, 100(98.04%) were associated with MDR phenotypes. The isolates showed variable resistance to all the antibiotics used in the study. The resistance rates were 99.0%, 97.1%, 88.2%, 82.4%, 81.4%, 65.7%, 54.9%, 46.1%, 46.1%, 23.5% for ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, gentamycin, cefoxitin, nitrofurantoin and imipenem, and respectively. The prevalence of phenotypic ESBL production was 74.5%. Based on the PCR results, the randomly selected 20 ESBL-positive isolates possessed one or more ESBLs genes. CTX-M type was the predominant ESBLs type (100%), while those for TEM and SHV-types were 85% and 80% respectively. Four genotype patterns were detected (CTX-M, TEM+CTX-M, SHV+CTX-M and SHV+TEM+CTX-M). The genotype SHV+TEM+CTX-M, was the predominant (70%), followed by the genotype TEM +CTX-M combination (15%). The occurrences of the genotypes, CTX-M and SHV+CTX-M were 5% and 10% respectively. Conclusion: This study found a high rate of Phenotypic ESBL production (74.5%) among the isolates with multidrug resistance, CTX-M as the predominant ESBLs type (100%) and combination of SHV+TEM+CTX-M as the predominant genotype (70%).
Perlindungan Hukum Rahasia Dagang Terhadap Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA)
Authors: Indriyana Dwi Mustikarini
Published: September 2021

Countries as member of the ASEAN established economic community to provide easy entry and exit of goods from the Southeast Asia countries. It aims to creating fail economic growth in Southeast Asia, improving living standards and reducing the poverty. This situation had an impact on the existence of intellectual property rights, primarily trade secrets to be protected because the trade secrets do not legally require registration. The research method uses a legal research. The legal research is a process of finding the laws, legal principles and the legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues. The approach that is used in the legal research is statute approach. The results of the research are that legal protection of trade secrets toward the ASEAN economic community covers producing methods, processing methods, selling methods, or other information on technology and/or business that has added values but the public do not know. Property rights can be obtained without registration. The legal protection of trade secrets is regulated in TRIPS and Act No. 30 of 2000. However, regulation of property rights on the trade secret rights is still not available, so there is legal uncertainty.
Keagenan Bank dalam Perspektif Common Law System
Authors: Andika Persada Putera
Published: September 2021

The rapid development of the national economy and banking external environment, causing banking activities not only engage in activities that are primary (core business), but also non-core business such as agency activities as Mutual Fund Sales Agent (APERD) and Bancassurance. In the concept of the common law system, the agency as the center of all business affairs as a business owner can not do your own business, so delegating affairs to agents as a mediator. There is a legal relationships and trust (fiduciary relationship) between the principal and the agent acting on behalf principal. In addition, there is an element of supervision of the principal to the agent so that the agent must comply under the supervision of the principal. Supervision is an essential element that determines the existence of an agency relationship, so it is a vertical relationship between principal and agent. The principal control components in the form of action directives, orders, limitation of power agents and monitoring the agent's action
Penormaan dan Pelaksanaan Kewajiban Ingkar Notaris
Authors: Qonitah Annur Aziza  , Aprilia Trisanti  , Kiki Aristyanti
Published: September 2021

The notary is obliged to keep all legal deeds outlined in the contents of the deed and all information given to the notary in making the deed. the appointment of a notary as a witness in a case causes the violation of this obligation to be violated a lot. Strong legal protection is needed from the Honorary Board of Notaries (MKN) so that investigators and prosecutors are not arbitrary. The formulation of the problem taken by the author is the normalization of notary liability based on UUJN. And the application of sanctions from the notary obligation in the community.The writing of this thesis uses a normative juridical research method, namely by reviewing the legal norms contained in legislation, legal theories and jurisprudence related to the issues discussed. This research approach uses a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The purpose of this study is to explain more deeply about the norms of denial obligations in the UUJN and their application in the community with the existence of permission from MKN. Based on the results of the study, the author obtained answers to existing problems, namely the notary has a broken obligation that must be obeyed and regulated in Article 4 paragraph (2) and Article 16 paragraph (1) letter f UUJN-P. This breach obligation has a limit set out in UUJN in Article 66 paragraph (1) concerning a notary appointed as a witness can talk about the deed with the approval of the permit from MKN. But it also needs to be known if the broken obligation is violated without permission, the notary may be subject to administrative sanctions in the form of termination of employment, civil sanctions in the form of compensation and criminal sanctions in the form of prison sentences.
Towards food systems transformation in the Mediterranean region: Unleashing the power of data, policy, investment and innovation
Authors:   José Valls Bedeau, Maryam Rezaei, Massimo Pera, Jamie Morrison
Published: September 2021

There is an abundance of actions that could positively change the way food systems operate in the Mediterranean region. However, the uptake of these actions at local level has proven to be slow and often limited in their scope and impact. Considering the diverse nature of agri-food systems challenges in the region, trade-offs in interventions and the diversity of stakeholders, a radical shift from focusing on top-down, global solutions for sustainable food systems, to adapting demand driven, country-led actions is required. This review uses a food systems lens to identify four levers which are essential to “enable” and accelerate the adoption of game changing solutions to food systems challenges by local actors in the Mediterranean region. These are namely: 1) Multi-stakeholder collaboration; 2) Data and evidence; 3) Technological innovation; and 4) Coherent policies and investment. We recognize that each of these enablers is a powerful mean of change, but the evidence suggests that a sustainable and inclusive transformation is only possible when they are deployed together in an integrated and inten-tional way. Results of this review outline some of the barriers to unlocking the potential of enablers and provide insights on how to use their power to transform Mediterranean food systems.
Collaboration through EIP-AGRI Operational Groups and their role as innovation intermediaries´
Authors:   Veronica Piñeiro, Paula Nieto-Aleman, Jaime Marín Corbí, Jose-Maria Garcia-Alvarez-Coque
Published: September 2021

In the context of EU rural development policy, one of the proposed actions is the formation of Operational Groups (OGs). These OGs are part of the framework of the European Innovation Partnership on Agricul-tural Productivity and Sustainability (EIP-AGRI). The objective of this policy is to promote sustainable and applicable solutions to agricultural problems. OGs can be thought of as innovation intermediaries. Their functions have been addressed in the literature on agricultural innovation systems. To advance the research in this area, the objective of this study is to identify the innovation intermediary functions of Spanish OGs by drawing upon the opinions of their members. An online survey was conducted to collect data from members of Spanish EIP-AGRI OGs. The questionnaire asked members about the characteris-tics and functions of their OGs. More specifically, it also collected evaluations of the performance of OGs in certain innovation activities. The results of an exploratory factor analysis reveal that Spanish OGs perform three main functions: innovation process management, demand articulation, and institutional support and innovation brokering.
Financing agri-food business in the Mediterranean area through crowdfunding: Do environmental issues matter?
Authors:   Isidora Lj. Ljumović, Vladan D Pavlovic, Goranka R. Knežević
Published: September 2021

Global expectations are that crowdfunding will be able to unleash the great potential for contributing to sustainable development by providing financial resources for environmentally and socially oriented ven-tures. The purpose of this paper is to estimate which factors, including the orientation to sustainability, foster the likelihood of crowdfunding success in agri-food campaigns. Using a sample of crowdfunding campaigns launched in the Kickstarter platform, this paper employs a binary logistic regression model to investigate factors that motivate investment decisions. The results demonstrate that the campaigns that are rated as sustainable show a positive, statistically relevant relation to the success. In addition, improv-ing the quality and complexity of the project, together with the realistic setting of goal increase the odds of success. In the era of innovative finance, this paper contributes to the growing literature and initiatives to promote and develop crowdfunding in the agri-food industry.
Nachträglichkeit, Wiederholung, Neubeginn
Authors: Kirchhoff Christine
Published: September 2021

Ausgehend von einer literarischen Darstellung der Zeitfigur der Nachträglichkeit (Walter Benjamin) wird zunächst anhand der Fallgeschichte »Emma« aus dem »Entwurf einer Psychologie« (Freud, 1950c [1895]) das Konzept der Nachträglichkeit bei Freud dargestellt, wobei die Zeitlichkeit und die Bedeutung der Sexualität im Fokus stehen. Anschließend wird diskutiert, inwiefern auch die Rezeptionsgeschichte der Nachträglichkeit ein gutes Beispiel für die nachträgliche Wirkung eines erst spät rezipierten Konzeptes darstellt. An drei psychoanalytischen Ansätzen (Winnicott, Etchegoyen, Joseph) wird gezeigt, dass gerade Autoren, bei denen die Arbeit im »here and now« der Übertragung und Gegenübertragung im Zentrum steht, mit einer impliziten Zeitkonzeption der Nachträglichkeit arbeiten: Erst was in der Präsenz erlebt werden kann, kann als Vergangenes erinnert werden und macht so einen Neubeginn möglich, mit dem sich Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft differenzieren.
Wie wird Neues möglich in der Psychotherapie?
Authors: Körner Jürgen
Published: September 2021

Die Psychoanalytiker der ersten Generationen verfolgten zunächst die aufklärerische Idee, dass Menschen sich von ihren Krankheitssymptomen befreien, indem sie die Macht des Vergangenen, insbesondere die Wirkung früher traumatisierender Erfahrungen dadurch überwinden, dass sie sich Unbewusstes bewusst machen. Heute soll der Patient verstehen, wie er seine soziale Welt subjekthaft konstruiert und wie er – auch in der therapeutischen Beziehung – andere Menschen für sich verwendet. Neues wird möglich, wenn sich Patient und Therapeut über ihre wechselseitige Verwendung verständigen.
Methods of subsurface microwave tomography with application of sensors based on pieces of twin-wire line.
Authors:   Institute for Physics of Microstructures RAS, GSP-105, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia, Gaikovich K.P. , Smirnov A.I. ,   Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 46 Ul'yanov Street, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
Published: September 2021

In this paper, methods of near-field microwave tomography of the subsurface structure of dielectric inhomogeneities are proposed and studied based on the use of resonance probes with pieces of twin-wire lines as sensors. In frameworks of the quasi-static approximation, the integral equation of the inverse problem that relates measured variations of the complex capacity of the resonance system of probes placed above a medium with the inhomogeneous distribution of the complex permittivity. Based on this equation, methods and algorithms of tomography and holography have been proposed and worked out that used data of 2D scanning with variable offset between the sensor wires: (a) with the fixed direction of wires of sensor; (b) in two orthogonally related directions of sensor wires; (c) with the sensor of crossed twin-wire lines. Results of the numerical simulation demonstrate the efficiency of developed algorithms of subsurface tomography and holography.
Simulation of acousto-optical deflectors for scanning receiving tracks of radar systems.
Authors:   Firm «Alkor», 301214, Tula region, Shchekinskiy district, Yasnaya Polyana village, st. School, 19, Russia, Arshakyan A.A. , Makaretsky E.A. ,   Tula State University, 300012, Tula, pr. Lenina, 92, Russia, Ovchinnikov A.V. ,   Tula State University, 300012, Tula, pr. Lenina, 92, Russia
Published: September 2021

A technique is proposed for electrodynamic modeling of electrode systems of deflectors of optoelectronic spectrum analyzers of receiving paths of radar systems, which makes it possible to analyze the matching characteristics and adjust at the level of the electrode structure model, which helps to reduce the labor intensity of their manufacture and adjustment.
THE SETTLEMENT OF SHARIA ECONOMIC DISPUTES IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC CLASSIC TRADITIONS AND POSITIVE LAW
Authors: Kasim Adriandi
Published: September 2021

Using a qualitative method with a sociological-normative approach, it was found that today's rapid development has caused various kinds of disputes. In this article, the author discusses sharia economic disputes and their resolution in the Islamic tradition and positive law in Indonesia to understand the problems of economic disputes and their resolution so that they can become knowledge and guidelines in conducting business transactions. The results of the discussion that the author obtained, namely sharia economic disputes, are disputes that occur in muammalah activities. This occurs in banking, non-banking, capital market, as well as the economy as a whole due to several factors such as default, tadlis, taghrir, or other things that can harm the rights of others. Settlement of disputes in Islamic law, namely sulh and tahkim. As for the applicable law in Indonesia, namely peace both by litigation and non-litigation, ADR, and arbitration includes BANI, BASYARNAS and other arbitration institutions. In this case, the authors conclude that every community that will conduct business transactions requires the principle of prudence and there have been many legal attempts by the government in resolving these disputes.
SUKUK RATING AND FINANCIAL RATIO IN ISLAMIC BANKS
Authors: Agustina Kurnia , Noviarita Heni , Anggraini Erike , Surono Surono
Published: September 2021

The sukuk rating in capital market world is important because it will be considered by investors in determining investment decisions, on the other hand, that the rating will provide relevant information regarding the companies that issue sukuk, which will be in accordance with the main purpose of the sukuk rating, namely reducing the information asymmetry of issuers and investors purpose of this study is to discuss the effect of profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, leverage and productivity ratios on sukuk ratings in Islamic banking institutions issuing sukuk. By using purposive sampling from 14 Islamic banking institutions, 6 Islamic bank institutions were obtained as research samples in the 2015-2019 period, which were analyzed using multiple linear regression showing that only the productivity variable had a significant and positive influence on the rating of sukuk in Islamic banking institutions, although, with a positive coefficient, profitability does not have a significant effect on the sukuk rating, while the liquidity and leverage variables do not have a significant effect and form a negative relationship pattern on the sukuk rating in Indonesian Islamic banking institutions that issue sukuk.