bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectiva de Ensino:
Authors: L. Daut Marlene
Published: April 2022

RESUMO: Este artigo, pensado sobretudo enquanto contribuição pedagógica, volta-se especificamente para o diálogo com professores de história. O texto não apenas apresenta algumas possibilidades de abordagem da Revolução Haitiana em sala de aula, como busca pôr em questão as abordagens tradicionais da temática, discutindo seus erros e limitações. Nesse sentido, é uma contribuição pedagógica relevante para a história, mas também para outras áreas (como o direito) em que a temática da Revolução Haitiana possa ser abordada. Destaque-se, ainda, que, embora seu público imediato sejam os professores, há possibilidades interessantes de apropriação de suas observações por estudantes e pesquisadores em geral.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ensino; Revolução Haitiana; Silêncios
Developmental differences in myocardial transmembrane Na+ transport: implications for excitability and Na+ handling
Authors: Oshiyama Natália F. , Pereira Ana H. M. , Cardoso Alisson C. , Franchini Kleber G. , Bassani José W. M. , Bassani Rosana A.
Published: April 2022

Little is currently known about possible developmental changes in myocardial Na+ handling, which may have impact on cell excitability and Ca2+ content. Resting intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i), measured in freshly isolated rat ventricular myocytes with CoroNa green, was not significantly different in neonates (3–5 days old) and adults, but electrical stimulation caused marked [Na+]i rise only in neonates. Inhibition of L‐type Ca2+ current by CdCl2 abolished not only systolic Ca2+ transients, but also activity‐dependent intracellular Na+ accumulation in immature cells. This indicates that the main Na+ influx pathway during activity is the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, rather than voltage‐dependent Na+ current (INa), which was not affected by CdCl2. In immature myocytes, INa density was two‐fold greater, inactivation was faster, and the current peak occurred at less negative transmembrane potential (Em) than in adults. Na+ channel steady‐state activation and inactivation curves in neonates showed a rightward shift, which should increase channel availability at diastolic Em, but also require greater depolarization for excitation, which was observed experimentally and reproduced in computer simulations. Ventricular mRNA levels of Nav1.1, Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 pore‐forming isoforms were greater in neonate ventricles, while a decrease was seen for the β1 subunit. Both molecular and biophysical changes in the channel profile may contribute to the differences in INa density and voltage‐dependence, and also to the less negative threshold Em, in neonates compared to adults. The apparently lower excitability in immature ventricle may confer protection against the development of spontaneous activity in this tissue.

Key points

Previous studies showed that myocardial preparations from immature rats are less sensitive to electrical field stimulation than adult preparations.

Freshly isolated ventricular myocytes from neonatal rats showed lower excitability than adult cells, e.g. less negative threshold membrane potential and greater membrane depolarization required for action potential triggering.

In addition to differences in mRNA levels for Na+ channel isoforms and greater Na+ current (INa) density, Na+ channel voltage‐dependence was shifted to the right in immature myocytes, which seems to be sufficient to decrease excitability, according to computer simulations.

Only in neonatal myocytes did cyclic activity promote marked cytosolic Na+ accumulation, which was prevented by abolition of systolic Ca2+ transients by blockade of Ca2+ currents.

Developmental changes in INa may account for the difference in action potential initiation parameters, but not for cytosolic Na+ accumulation, which seems to be due mainly to Na+/Ca2+ exchanger‐mediated Na+ influx.
Doravirine and Islatravir Have Complementary Resistance Profiles and Create a Combination with a High Barrier to Resistance
Authors: Lai Ming-Tain , Feng Meizhen , Xu Min , Ngo Winnie , Diamond Tracy L. , Hwang Carey , Grobler Jay A. , Hazuda Daria J. , Asante-Appiah Ernest
Published: May 2022

Doravirine (DOR), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), was approved for treatment of HIV-1 infection in 2018. In the pivotal phase 3 trials, DRIVE-FORWARD and DRIVE-AHEAD, 7 out of 747 (0.9%) treatment-naive participants treated with DOR plus two nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) met protocol-defined virologic failure criteria and showed phenotypic resistance to DOR at week 48.
Viral Proteins Involved in the Adsorption Process of Deep-Purple, a Siphovirus Infecting Members of the Bacillus cereus Group
Authors: Leprince Audrey , Nuytten Manon , Mahillon Jacques
Published: May 2022

The
B. cereus
group is a complex cluster of closely related species, among which certain strains can be pathogenic (i.e.,
Bacillus anthracis
,
Bacillus cereus
sensu stricto
, and
Bacillus cytotoxicus
). Nowadays, phages are receiving increasing attention for applications in controlling and detecting such pathogens.
virMine 2.0: Identifying Viral Sequences in Microbial Communities
Authors: Johnson Genevieve , Putonti Catherine
Published: May 2022

Here, we present virMine 2.0, the next generation of the virMine software tool. virMine 2.0 uses an exclusion technique to remove nonviral data from sequencing reads and scores the remaining data based on relatedness to viral elements, eliminating the sole dependency on homology identification.
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Samples from Patients with COVID-19 Illustrates Population Variation and Diverse Phenotypes, Placing the Growth Properties of Variants of Concern in Context with Other Lineages
Authors: Prince Tessa , Dong Xiaofeng , Penrice-Randal Rebekah , Randle Nadine , Hartley Catherine , Goldswain Hannah , Jones Benjamin , Semple Malcolm G. , Baillie J. Kenneth , Openshaw Peter J. M. , Turtle Lance , Hughes Grant L. , Anderson Enyia R. , Patterson Edward I. , Druce Julian , Screaton Gavin , Carroll Miles W. , Stewart James P. , Hiscox Julian A.
Published: May 2022

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. The virus has spread across the planet, causing a global pandemic.
Paneth Cells Protect against Acute Pancreatitis via Modulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis
Authors: Fu Yang , Mei Qixiang , Yin Nuoming , Huang Zehua , Li Baiwen , Luo Shengzheng , Xu Binqiang , Fan Junjie , Huang Chunlan , Zeng Yue
Published: May 2022

We demonstrate that AP patients and experimental AP mice exhibited a dysfunction of Paneth cells. Our
in vivo
research showed that the severity of AP was exacerbated by the long-term dysfunction of Paneth cells, which was associated with gut microbiota disorder.
Middle Miocene climate–carbon cycle dynamics: Keys for understanding future trends on a warmer Earth?
Authors: Holbourn Ann , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Kochhann Karlos G.D. , Matsuzaki Kenji M. , Andersen Nils
Published: April 2022

The late early to middle Miocene period (18–12.7 Ma) was marked by profound environmental change, as Earth entered into the warmest climate phase of the Neogene (Miocene climate optimum) and then transitioned to a much colder mode with development of permanent ice sheets on Antarctica. Integration of high-resolution benthic foraminiferal isotope records in well-preserved sedimentary successions from the Pacific, Southern, and Indian Oceans provides a long-term perspective with which to assess relationships among climate change, ocean circulation, and carbon cycle dynamics during these successive climate reversals. Fundamentally different modes of ocean circulation and carbon cycling prevailed on an almost ice-free Earth during the Miocene climate optimum (ca. 16.9–14.7 Ma). Comparison of δ13C profiles revealed a marked decrease in ocean stratification and in the strength of the meridional overturning circulation during the Miocene climate optimum. We speculate that labile polar ice sheets, weaker Southern Hemisphere westerlies, higher sea level, and more acidic, oxygen-depleted oceans promoted shelf-basin partitioning of carbonate deposition and a weaker meridional overturning circulation, reducing the sequestration efficiency of the biological pump. X-ray fluorescence scanning data additionally revealed that 100 k.y. eccentricity-paced transient hyperthermal events coincided with intense episodes of deep-water acidification and deoxygenation. The in-phase coherence of δ18O and δ13C at the eccentricity band further suggests that orbitally paced processes such as remineralization of organic carbon from the deep-ocean dissolved organic carbon pool and/or weathering-induced carbon and nutrient fluxes from tropical monsoonal regions to the ocean contributed to the high amplitude variability of the marine carbon cycle. Stepwise global cooling and ice-sheet expansion during the middle Miocene climate transition (ca. 14.7–13.8 Ma) were associated with dampening of astronomically driven climate cycles and progressive steepening of the δ13C gradient between intermediate and deep waters, indicating intensification and vertical expansion of ocean meridional overturning circulation following the end of the Miocene climate optimum. Together, these results underline the crucial role of the marine carbon cycle and low-latitude processes in driving climate dynamics on an almost ice-free Earth.
Controllability for Problems with Mixed Constraints
Authors: Arutyunov A. V. , Zhukovskiy S. E.
Published: May 2022

For a controlled system with mixed equality- and inequality-type constraints and
a geometric constraint that is a nonempty closed convex set, sufficient conditions for the existence
of feasible positional controls are obtained in terms of first derivatives of mappings that define the
mixed constraints. In addition, in terms of the first and second derivatives of these mappings,
sufficient conditions for the existence of feasible positional controls are found that are also
applicable in the case of degeneration of the first derivatives of the mappings.
Is life satisfaction associated with future mental health service use? An observational population-based cohort study
Authors: Michalski Camilla A , Diemert Lori M , Hurst Mack , Goel Vivek , Rosella Laura C
Published: April 2022

Objective

To investigate the prospective association between life satisfaction and future mental health service use in: (1) hospital/emergency department, and (2) outpatient settings.

Design and setting

Population-based cohort study of adults from Ontario, Canada. Baseline data were captured through pooled cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 2005–2014) and linked to health administrative data for up to 5 years of follow-up.

Participants

131 809 Ontarians aged 18 years and older.

Main outcome measure

The number of mental health-related visits in (1) hospitals/emergency department and (2) outpatient settings within 5 years of follow-up.

Results

Poisson regression models were used to estimate rate ratios in each setting, adjusting for sociodemographic measures, history of mental health-related visits, and health behaviours. In the hospital/emergency setting, compared to those most satisfied with life, those with the poorest satisfaction exhibited a rate ratio of 3.71 (95% CI 2.14 to 6.45) for future visits. In the outpatient setting, this same comparison group exhibited a rate ratio of 1.83 (95% CI 1.42 to 2.37). When the joint effects of household income were considered, compared with the highest income and most satisfied individuals, the least satisfied and lowest income individuals exhibited the highest rate ratio in the hospital/emergency setting at 11.25 (95% CI 5.32 to 23.80) whereas in the outpatient setting, the least satisfied and highest income individuals exhibited the highest rate ratio at 3.33 (95% CI 1.65 to 6.70).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that life satisfaction is a risk factor for future mental health visits. This study contributes to an evidence base connecting positive well-being with health system outcomes.
Multivariate decomposition analysis of sex differences in functional difficulty among older adults based on Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018
Authors: Srivastava Shobhit , Muhammad T , Paul Ronak , Thomas Arya Rachel
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study investigates the gender disparities in difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and explores its contributing factors among older adults in India.

Design

A cross-sectional study was conducted using country representative survey data.

Setting and participants

The present study uses the data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018. Participants included 15 098 male and 16 366 female older adults aged 60 years and above in India.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Difficulty in ADL and IADL were the outcome variables. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were carried out to present the preliminary results. Multivariate decomposition analysis was used to identify the contributions of covariates that explain the group differences to average predictions.

Results

There was a significant gender differential in difficulty in ADL (difference: 4.6%; p value<0.001) and IADL (difference: 17.3%; p value<0.001). The multivariate analysis also shows significant gender inequality in difficulty in ADL (coefficient: 0.046; p value<0.001) and IADL (coefficient: 0.051; p value<0.001). The majority of the gender gap in difficulty in ADL was accounted by the male–female difference in levels of work status (18%), formal education (15% contribution), marital status (13%), physical activity (9%), health status (8%) and chronic morbidity prevalence (5%), respectively. Equivalently, the major contributors to the gender gap in difficulty in IADL were the level of formal education (28% contribution), marital status (10%), alcohol consumption (9%), health status (4% contribution) and chronic morbidity prevalence (2% contribution).

Conclusion

Due to the rapidly increasing ageing population, early detection and prevention of disability or preservation of daily functioning for older adults and women in particular should be the highest priority for physicians and health decision-makers.
Assessing the impact of mental health difficulties on young people’s daily lives: protocol for a scoping umbrella review of measurement instruments
Authors: Krause Karolin Rose , Chung Sophie , Rodak Terri , Cleverley Kristin , Butcher Nancy J , Szatmari Peter
Published: April 2022

Introduction

An important consideration for determining the severity of mental health symptoms is their impact on youth’s daily lives. Those wishing to assess ‘life impact’ face several challenges: First, various measurement instruments are available, including of global functioning, health-related quality of life and well-being. Existing reviews have tended to focus on one of these domains; consequently, a comprehensive overview is lacking. Second, the extent to which such instruments truly capture distinct concepts is unclear. Third, many available scales conflate symptoms and their impact, thus undermining much needed analyses of associations between the two.

Methods and analysis

A scoping umbrella review will examine existing reviews of life impact measures for use with children and youth aged 6–24 years in the context of mental health and well-being research. We will systematically search six bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the COSMIN database of systematic reviews of outcome measurement instruments), and conduct systematic record screening, data extraction and charting based on methodological guidance by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data synthesis will involve the tabulation of scale characteristics, feasibility and measurement properties, and the use of summary statistics to synthesise how these instruments operationalise life impact. The protocol was registered prospectively with the Open Science Framework (osf.io/ers48).

Ethics and dissemination

This study will provide a comprehensive road map for researchers and clinicians seeking to assess life impact in youth mental health, providing guidance in navigating available measurement options. We will seek to publish the findings in a leading peer-reviewed journal in the field. Formal research ethics approval will not be required.
Identification of outcomes to inform the development of a core outcome set for surgical innovation: a targeted review of case studies of novel surgical devices
Authors: Wilson Nicholas , Macefield Rhiannon C , Hoffmann Christin , Edmondson Matthew J , Miller Rachael L , Kirkham Emily N , Blencowe Natalie S , McNair Angus G K , Main Barry G , Blazeby Jane M , Avery Kerry N L , Potter Shelley
Published: April 2022

Objective

Outcome selection and reporting in studies of novel surgical procedures and devices lacks standardisation, hindering safe and effective evaluation. A core outcome set (COS) to measure and report in all studies of surgical innovation is needed. We explored outcomes in a specific sample of innovative surgical device case studies to identify outcome domains specifically relevant to innovation to inform the development of a COS.

Design

A targeted review of 11 purposive selected case studies of innovative surgical devices.

Methods

Electronic database searches in PubMed (July 2018) identified publications reporting the introduction and evaluation of each device. Outcomes were extracted and categorised into domains until no new domains were conceptualised. Outcomes specifically relevant to evaluating innovation were further scrutinised.

Results

112 relevant publications were identified, and 5926 outcomes extracted. Heterogeneity in study type, outcome selection and reporting was observed across surgical devices. Categorisation of outcomes was performed for 2689 (45.4%) outcomes into five broad outcome domains. Outcomes considered key to the evaluation of innovation (n=66; 2.5%) were further categorised as surgeon/operator experience (n=40; 1.5%), unanticipated events (n=15, 0.6%) and modifications (n=11; 0.4%).

Conclusion

Outcome domains unique to evaluating innovative surgical devices have been identified. Findings have been combined with multiple other data sources relevant to the evaluation of surgical innovation to inform the development of a COS to measure and report in all studies evaluating novel surgical procedures/devices.
Reliability and validity of assessment methods available in primary care for bladder outlet obstruction and benign prostatic obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a systematic review
Authors: Vredeveld Tom , van Benten Esther , Beekmans Rikie E P M , Koops M Patrick , Ket Johannes C F , Mollema Jurgen , Ramaekers Stephan P J , Pool Jan J M , Coppieters Michel W , Pool-Goudzwaard Annelies L
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To systematically review the literature regarding the reliability and validity of assessment methods available in primary care for bladder outlet obstruction or benign prostatic obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Design

Systematic review with best evidence synthesis.

Setting

Primary care.

Participants

Men with LUTS due to bladder outlet obstruction or benign prostatic obstruction.

Review methods

PubMed, Ebsco/CINAHL and Embase databases were searched for studies on the validity and reliability of assessment methods for bladder outlet obstruction and benign prostatic obstruction in primary care. Methodological quality was assessed with the COSMIN checklist. Studies with poor methodology were excluded from the best evidence synthesis.

Results

Of the 5644 studies identified, 61 were scored with the COSMIN checklist, 37 studies were included in the best evidence synthesis, 18 evaluated bladder outlet obstruction and 17 benign prostatic obstruction, 2 evaluated both. Overall, reliability was poorly evaluated. Transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound showed moderate to good validity to evaluate bladder outlet obstruction. Measured prostate volume with these ultrasound methods, to identify benign prostatic obstruction, showed moderate to good accuracy, supported by a moderate to high level of evidence. Uroflowmetry for bladder outlet obstruction showed poor to moderate diagnostic accuracy, depending on used cut-off values. Questionnaires were supported by high-quality evidence, although correlations and diagnostic accuracy were poor to moderate compared with criterion tests. Other methods were supported by low level evidence.

Conclusion

Clinicians in primary care can incorporate transabdominal and transrectal ultrasound or uroflowmetry in the evaluation of men with LUTS but should not solely rely on these methods as the diagnostic accuracy is insufficient and reliability remains insufficiently researched. Low-to-moderate levels of evidence for most assessment methods were due to methodological shortcomings and inconsistency in the studies. This highlights the need for better study designs in this domain.
Evaluating the impact of a digital leadership programme on national digital priorities: a mixed methods study
Authors: Acharya Amish , Black Ruth Claire , Smithies Alisdair , Darzi Ara
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the impact of the United Kingdom's National Health Service Digital Academy (NHSDA) Digital Health Leadership course on high-level recommendations in digital preparedness and the development of a proficient leadership to oversee digital transformation, which has been a longstanding priority within the NHS.

Design

A mixed methods study incorporating an online questionnaire, in-depth interviews and focus groups that were then analysed through a thematic analysis, underpinned by a constructivist approach.

Settings

An online mixed methods study of a defined cohort of participants who had completed the NHSDA course.

Participants

26 participants were recruited to the study, of whom 50% were clinicians, 26.9% in management and 19.2% in data science. All had completed the 2-year NHSDA programme in Digital Health Leadership more than 6 months prior.

Results

Interviews and focus groups elicited two key areas of impact of the course: loco-regional digitisation and the development of a network of change agents. The dissertation project had direct effects on local digital transformation efforts. Most of these projects focused on clinician (11.7%) or service user (10.3%) engagement, as oppose to de novo digital processes (9.4%). The development of a network of digital leaders has facilitated communication between organisations and improved the efficiency of the national digital infrastructure.

Conclusions

A bespoke course incorporating a dissertation of practice model for digital health leaders can have broader impact for the attainment of digital priorities. This includes helping trusts to successfully adopt digital solutions, as well as fostering shared organisational learning. These influences, however, are mediated by resource and cultural barriers, which continue to hinder transformation efforts.
Light acupuncture and five-element music therapy for nurses’ mental health and well-being during and post-COVID-19: protocol for a randomised cross-over feasibility study
Authors: Wang Carol Chunfeng , Lo Johnny , Saunders Rosemary , Adama Esther , Bulsara Caroline , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Yang Angela Wei Hong
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Australian nurses have experienced higher levels of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prepandemic. This may have affected their long-term mental health and intention to stay in the profession resulting in a workforce shortage, which further impacts the health of the public. Management is urgently required to improve nurses’ well-being. However, there is limited evidence available. The proposed clinical trial aims to evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic effects of using a combination of light acupuncture and five-element music therapy to improve nurses’ mental health and well-being during and post-COVID-19.

Methods and analysis

This randomised, single blinding, two-arm cross-over feasibility study involves a 1-week run-in period, 2-week intervention and 1-week run-in period in between interventions. Thirty-six eligible nurses will be recruited from the community and randomised into either a combination of light acupuncture treatment and five-element music therapy group or no treatment group for 2 weeks. After a 1-week run in period, they will be swapped to the different group. The primary outcome of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a combination of light acupuncture treatment and five-element music therapy to improve nurses’ mental health and well-being. The secondary outcomes will include anxiety and depression, work productivity and activity, and quality of life assessments. Participants will be asked to complete a set of online questionnaires throughout the trial period. All analyses will be performed in R Studio V.1.1.463.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was attained from Edith Cowan University’s Human Research Ethics Committee (No. 2021–02728-WANG). Research findings will be shared with hospitals and in various forms to engage broader audiences, including national and international conferences, presentations, open-access peer-reviewed journal publications, and local community workshop dissemination with healthcare professionals.

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12621000957897p https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12621000957897p.aspx
Study protocol for Running for health (Run4Health CP): a multicentre, assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial of 12 weeks of two times weekly Frame Running training versus usual care to improve cardiovascular health risk factors in children and youth with cerebral palsy
Authors: Reedman Sarah E , Sakzewski Leanne , McNamara Lynda , Sherrington Catherine , Beckman Emma , West Kerry , Trost Stewart G , Thomas Rachel , Chatfield Mark D , Dutia Iain , Gennen Alix , Dodds Bridget , Cotton Zoë , Boyd Roslyn N
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Children and youth with moderate-severe (Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels II–V) cerebral palsy (CP) participate less frequently in physical activities compared with peers without CP and have elevated risk of cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Frame Running (RaceRunning) is a new athletics discipline that is an accessible option for physical activity participation for people with moderate-severe CP. There is no high-quality evidence for the effect of Frame Running on cardiovascular disease in children and young people with CP. The primary aim of this study is to conduct a randomised controlled trial of the effect of 12 weeks of Frame Running training on risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Methods and nalysis

Sixty-two children and youth with CP (age 8–20 years) in GMFCS levels II–V will be recruited across four sites and randomised to receive either 12 weeks of Frame Running training two times weekly for 60 min, or usual care. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, immediately postintervention (primary endpoint) and 12 weeks later for retention of training effects. The primary outcome is cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by distance covered on Six Minute RaceRunner Test with 1 min heart rate recovery. Other outcomes include blood pressure, objectively measured physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference, percentage body fat, gross motor function capacity, community participation, feasibility, tolerability and safety. Adverse events will be monitored, and participants and their caregivers will be interviewed to discern their experiences of participation in Frame Running.

Ethics and dissemination

The Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service and the University of Queensland Human Research Ethics Committees have approved this study. Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences; through professional and athletic organisations; and to people with CP and their families.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12621000317897; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number.
Achievement rate and predictive factors of the recommended therapeutical target in patients with axial spondyloarthritis who remain on biological therapy: a prospective cohort study in Spain
Authors: Benavent Diego , Franco-Gómez Karen , Plasencia-Rodriguez Chamaida , Novella-Navarro Marta , Bogas Patricia , Nieto Romina , Monjo Irene , Nuño Laura , Villalba Alejandro , Peiteado Diana , Balsa Alejandro , Navarro-Compán Victoria
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To determine the frequency of sustained remission (R) or low diseas activity (LDA) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) undergoing long-term biological therapy and to analyse predictive factors for achieving these outcomes.

Design

Prospective, observational cohort study.

Setting

Spanish hospital.

Participants

Patients with axSpA who initiated biological treatment between 2003 and 2017.

Intervention

Assessment of demographic and clinical characteristics at the beginning of treatment and disease activity every 6 months up to a maximum of 2 years.

Main outcome measures

Disease activity was measured by Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and C reactive protein (BASDAI&CRP). Sustained R was defined as ASDAS<1.3 and/or BASDAI <2 and normal CRP while sustained LDA was defined as ASDAS <2.1 and/or BASDAI <4 and normal CRP on at least three consecutive visits.

Results

In total 186 patients (66.1% men and 75.3% with radiographic sacroiliitis) were included. Overall, 76.8% of patients achieved ASDAS R/LDA (R53.2%/LDA23.6%) in at least one visit. Forty per cent (R17.6%/LDA22.4%) of the patients fulfilled the sustained ASDAS R/LDA state, whereas only 30.8% maintained this status (R14.8%/LDA15.9%) according to BASDAI&CRP. In the multivariate analysis, male sex (OR=4.01), younger age at the beginning of biological therapy (OR=0.96) and an HLA*B27 positive status (OR=4.30) were associated with achieving sustained ASDAS R/LDA.

Conclusions

In clinical practice, around one-third of patients on biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs achieve a sustained R/LDA status, but these rates drop to less than one in five when targeting remission, preventing the use of the latter as a feasible target. Male sex, HLA*B27 positivity and younger age at the beginning of biological therapy are the main predictors for achieving sustained R/LDA.
Associations between physical activity prior to infection and COVID-19 disease severity and symptoms: results from the prospective Predi-COVID cohort study
Authors: Malisoux Laurent , Backes Anne , Fischer Aurélie , Aguayo Gloria , Ollert Markus , Fagherazzi Guy
Published: April 2022

Objective

To investigate if the physical activity (PA) prior to infection is associated with the severity of the disease in patients positively tested for COVID-19, as well as with the most common symptoms.

Design

A cross-sectional study using baseline data from a prospective, hybrid cohort study (Predi-COVID) in Luxembourg. Data were collected from May 2020 to June 2021.

Setting

Real-life setting (at home) and hospitalised patients.

Participants

All volunteers aged >18 years with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR, and having completed the PA questionnaire (n=452).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was disease severity (asymptomatic, mild illness and moderate illness). The secondary outcomes were self-reported symptoms.

Results

From the 452 patients included, 216 (48%) were female, the median (IQR) age was 42 (31–51) years, 59 (13%) were classified as asymptomatic, 287 (63%) as mild illness and 106 (24%) as moderate illness. The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue (n=294; 65%), headache (n=281; 62%) and dry cough (n=241; 53%). After adjustment, the highest PA level was associated with a lower risk of moderate illness (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.98, p=0.045), fatigue (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.97, p=0.040), dry cough (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.96, p=0.034) and chest pain (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.77, p=0.010).

Conclusions

PA before COVID-19 infection was associated with a reduced risk of moderate illness severity and a reduced risk of experiencing fatigue, dry cough and chest pain, suggesting that engaging in PA may be an effective approach to minimise the severity of COVID-19.

Trial registration number

NCT04380987.
Associations of within-individual changes in working conditions, health behaviour and BMI with work ability and self-rated health: a fixed effects analysis among Dutch workers
Authors: van de Ven David , Robroek Suzan JW , Oude Hengel Karen M , van Zon Sander KR , Brouwer Sandra , Ots Patricia , Burdorf Alex , Schuring Merel
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study assessed the associations of (1) within-individual improvements and (2) within-individual deteriorations in working conditions, health behaviour and body mass index (BMI) with changes in work ability and self-rated health among workers.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

The Netherlands.

Participants

Persons in paid employment, aged 45–64 years, who participated in the Dutch Study on Transitions in Employment, Ability and Motivation (STREAM) between 2010 and 2017, and improved or deteriorated at least once with respect to working conditions (psychological and emotional job demands, autonomy, social support, physical workload), health behaviour (moderate and vigorous physical activity, smoking status), or BMI between any of two consecutive measurements during the 7-year follow-up.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Changes in self-reported work ability on a scale from 0 to 10 (1st item of the work ability index) and self-rated health on a scale from 1 to 5 (SF-12).

Results

Of the 21 856 STREAM participants, ultimately 14 159 workers were included in the fixed effects analyses on improvements (N=14 045) and deteriorations (N=14 066). Workers with deteriorated working conditions decreased in work ability (β’s: −0.21 (95% CI: −0.25 to −0.18) to −0.28 (95% CI: −0.33 to −0.24)) and health (β’s: −0.07 (95% CI: −0.09 to −0.06) to −0.10 (95% CI: −0.12 to −0.08)), whereas improvements were to a lesser extent associated with increased work ability (β’s: 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.09) to 0.11 (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.16)) and health (β’s: 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.03) to 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.06)). Workers with increased BMI or decreased physical activity reduced in work ability and health. Likewise, decreased BMI or increased vigorous physical activity was associated with improved health. An increase in moderate or vigorous physical activity was modestly associated with a reduced work ability. Quitting smoking was associated with reduced work ability and health.

Conclusions

Compared with improvements, preventing deteriorations in working conditions, health behaviour and BMI, might be more beneficial for work ability and workers’ health.
Using knowledge brokering activities to promote allied health clinicians’ engagement in research: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Mickan S , Wenke Rachel , Weir Kelly , Bialocerkowski Andrea , Noble Christy
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Engaging clinicians in research can improve healthcare organisational performance, patient and staff satisfaction. Emerging evidence suggests that knowledge brokering activities potentially support clinicians’ research engagement, but it is unclear how best they should be used.

Objectives

This study explores how embedded researchers utilised knowledge brokering activities to engage research interested clinicians in research.

Design

A longitudinal qualitative interview based study was co-designed to investigate how experienced research fellows utilise knowledge brokering activities to facilitate allied health clinicians’ engagement in research.

Setting

In one large tertiary level, regional Australian health service, research fellows were matched with research interested clinicians.

Methods

Qualitative analysis of three longitudinal semi-structured interviews for each research fellow was undertaken. Initial descriptions of their utilisation of knowledge brokering activities were deductively coded. Reflexive thematic analysis was utilised to generate a shared explanation of clinicians’ engagement in research.

Results

Three research fellows facilitated 21 clinicians’ participation in and leadership of clinical research projects over 12 months. They utilised all ten key knowledge brokering activities with each clinician, with differing patterns and examples. Research fellows described using linkage and exchange activities of communicating and collaborating with key stakeholders, and they tailored knowledge management products for individual’s engagement. Further, they described a broader learning journey where they clarified and monitored individuals’ capabilities, motivation and their contextual support for research engagement.

Conclusion

When research fellows chose and tailored knowledge brokering activities to align and extend clinicians’ research capabilities and motivation, they created individualised learning curriculums to support clinicians’ participation in and leadership of local research projects. Health and academic leaders should consider structuring embedded researcher positions to include knowledge brokering roles and activities, specifically for research interested clinicians who are ready to participate in and lead research projects.
Field and laboratory investigation of factors affecting GCL performance in the Antarctic environment
Authors: Battista V. Di , Rowe R.K. , McWatters R.S.
Published: May 2022

Performance indicators of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) exposed to the Antarctic environment were assessed using field and laboratory methods. Barrier properties of the GCLs were not impacted by the field conditions and exhumed hydraulic conductivities with respect to tap water ranged from 0.4 × 10−11  to 12 × 10−11 m/s, compared to 5 × 10−11 m/s (virgin) and from 2.1 × 10−11 to 8.8 × 10−11 m/s for a synthetic leachate, compared to 2.5 × 10−11  to 7.6 × 10−11 m/s for virgin specimens. The self-healing ability of bentonite remained intact despite environmental exposure as evidenced by X-ray radiographs. Using a test plot to evaluate GCL hydration with the major determinant of hydration was identified as proximity to meltwater flow. However, a finer subgrade ( D60 = 5–7 mm) increased average and peak GCL moisture contents in areas not inundated with meltwater and resulted in less deformation than a coarse subgrade ( D60 > 16 mm). Additionally, X-ray radiographs showed increased self-healing in monitoring specimens overlying fine subgrades. Environmental exposure (e.g., temperature cycling and dehydration/rehydration) did not affect the hydraulic conductivity of test plot specimens (1.1 × 10−11  to 8.5 × 10−11 m/s) compared to the virgin GCL (6.7 × 10−11 m/s) with respect to tap water, and minimal cation exchange had occurred.
Radial patterns of specific gravity variation in North American conifers
Authors: Schimleck Laurence R. , Dahlen Joseph , Auty David
Published: May 2022

An extensive summary of publications reporting radial specific gravity (SG) variation for North American conifers is presented. SG varies from pith to bark in three distinct patterns before reaching asymptomatic values: Type 1 (SG increases with cambial age), Type 2 (SG is initially high at the pith, then decreases with cambial age, before increasing), and Type 3 (SG decreases with cambial age). Pinaceae have either a Type 1 or 2 pattern (majority are Type 2). Cupressaceae have a Type 3 pattern, but radial SG data do not exist for some species. We reviewed publications in table 7-1 of Panshin and de Zeeuw (the 1970 edition) which reports SG variation by species and Type (the 1980 edition has an equivalent table but does not reference publications), examining sampling strategies and radial patterns. For a small number of species, Type was either incorrectly interpreted or sampling made a conclusion regarding pattern of radial variation impossible. Specific examples of mislabeled Types reported by Panshin and de Zeeuw for Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii), lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta), red pine ( Pinus resinosa) and shortleaf pine ( Pinus echinata), and western redcedar ( Thuja plicata) are described. We conclude for nearly all species the pattern of radial SG variation is consistent; however, different patterns have been reported for eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus) and subspecies of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa).
The quasi-fission phenomenon of double charm $$T_{cc}^+$$ induced by nucleon
Authors: He Jun , Liu Xiang
Published: April 2022

In this work, we study the reaction of a nucleon and a doubly charmed state $$T^+_{cc}$$

T

cc

+

. Under the assumption of the $$T^+_{cc}$$

T

cc

+

as a molecular state of $$D^{*}D$$

D

∗

D

, the reaction of the nucleon and $$T_{cc}$$

T

cc

is mediated by exchanges of $$\pi $$
π
, $$\eta $$
η
, $$\rho $$
ρ
, and $$\omega $$
ω
meson, which results in split of $$T_{cc}$$

T

cc

state with two D mesons in final state. With the help of the effective Lagrangians, the cross section of $$p+T^+_{cc}\rightarrow p+D^++D^0$$

p
+

T

cc

+

→
p
+

D
+

+

D
0

process is calculated, and a very large cross section can be obtained with very small incoming momentum of proton. It decrease rapidly with the increase of the momentum to about 10 mb at momenta of order of GeV. Such large cross section suggests that induced by a proton the $$T_{cc}^+$$

T

cc

+

state is very easy to decay and transit to two D mesons. In the rest frame of the $$T_{cc}^+$$

T

cc

+

state, an obvious accumulation of final D meson at small momentum region can be observed in predicted Dalitz plot, which is due to the molecular state interpretation of $$T^+_{cc}$$

T

cc

+

state. This novel quasi-fission phenomenon of double charm molecular $$T_{cc}^+$$

T

cc

+

state induced by a proton can be accessible at High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider.
Electrical activities, excitability and multistability transitions of the hybrid neuronal model induced by electromagnetic induction and autapse
Authors: Qiao Shuai , Gao Chenghua , An Xinlei , He Xingyue , Wang Jingjing
Published: April 2022

Electromagnetic induction and autapse play important roles in regulating the electric activities, excitability, and bistable structure of neurons. The firing activities and global bifurcation patterns of a four-dimensional (4D) hybrid neuron model that combines the fast dynamic variables of the Wilson model and the slow feedback variables of the Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) model and magnetic flux are investigated based on the Matcont software and numerical calculation. The effect of electrical autapse on the dynamic evolution of the system is also discussed emphatically. Upon encountering electromagnetic induction, the hybrid neuron model exhibits complex global stability, Hopf bifurcation, and saddle-node bifurcation. Intriguingly, the system presents initial sensitivity and a bistable structure consisting of quiescent and period-1 spiking near the Hopf bifurcation point. It is worth noting that the feedback type of electrical autapse, including positive and negative feedback, has completely different effects on this bistable structure. Notably, the negative feedback autapse can expand and change the bistable region, so that the system generates a new bistable structure consisting of quiescent and periodic bursting states, and its bursting activities are also promoted. Moreover, extensive numerical results show that the system generally maintains a comb-shaped chaotic structure, abundant bifurcation patterns, and multistability. It should be noted that electrical autapse feedback types and time delays do not change the regular bifurcation structures but operate a complex regulatory mechanism for the coexistence of multiple attractors. These results will provide useful insights into the neuron’s dynamics under the atmosphere of electromagnetic induction and also electrical autapse.
Nonlinear electron transport in miniband superlattice driven by dual terahertz fields and a transverse magnetic field
Authors: Feng W. , Wei S. T. , Wang C. , Cao J. C.
Published: April 2022

Time-dependent electron current response of GaAs-based miniband superlattice under dual ac electric fields and a magnetic field is studied using balance equation approach. The space charge-induced self-consistent electric field is taken into account in the model. The miniband superlattice operates in the diffusive regime without electric field domain formation. Electron current displays very complicated oscillating behavior with the influence of external fields. The effect of dissipation on nonlinear electron transport is carefully studied based on Poincaré bifurcation diagram and power spectrum. The exhibition of complicate nonlinear oscillation in superlattice is attributed to the nonlinearity induced by self-consistent field and interaction between external radiation and internal cooperative oscillating mode relative to Bloch oscillation and cyclotron oscillation.
An existential study of a tracking model for a two-dimensional Brownian particle on a planar surface
Authors: El-Hadidy Mohamed Abd Allah , Alzulaibani Alaa Awad
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses the existence of the tracking technique for a two-dimensional Brownian particle on a planar surface. The tracking process starts from the origin of the plane (intersection point of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] axes). Accordingly, we derive the conditions that make the expected value of the first meeting time between the sensor and the particle finite. Also, we calculate the approximated expected value of the first meeting time.
First-principles studies on electronic structure and optical properties of two-dimensional ZrO2
Authors: Wang Shengzhao , Chen Lanli , Liu Bin , Song Jinfan , Li Chao
Published: April 2022

Two-dimensional 1T-ZrO2 material is investigated via first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) method. The band gap of cubic, tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2 is 6.095 eV, 5.784 eV and 5.835 eV respectively obtained in the paper also. [Formula: see text] method is determined to adopt to study two-dimensional 1T-ZrO2 in the paper. The results show that the band gap of 1T-ZrO2 material is 7.513 eV and it is an indirect wide band gap semiconductor structure. At the same time, it can be seen from the density of states (DOS) that the valence band of the 1T-ZrO2 material is mainly due to the contribution of 2p electron of O atom. 4p, 4d and 5s electron of Zr atom also contributes a little to the valence band. 4p, 4d, 5s electron of Zr atom and 2s, 2p electron of O atom contribute to the conduction band, but main contribution has come from 4d of Zr atom. These results are in good agreement with the electron orbitals diagram. 1T-ZrO2 material has maximum reflectivity of 11.61% and refractive index of 1.62. It has high absorption coefficient and energy loss in this region. The peak of dielectric function may be mainly caused by the inter-band transition from electron-occupied state to non-occupied state. The real part of the photoconductivity tends to zero in the visible region with low energy and the maximum conductivity of 2.087 corresponds to the peak of other photoelectric properties of 1T-ZrO2 material.
Bound state near a nonlinear defect in a medium with a stepwise nonlinearity
Authors: Savotchenko S. E.
Published: April 2022

The new features of the bound state’s formation due to the defect nonlinearity and stepwise medium nonlinearity are found. The Schrödinger equation containing two terms of different nonlinearity types is solved analytically. The exact solution found is described as the bound state near the nonlinear defect in the nonlinear medium. Properties of the bound state are analyzed in dependence on defect and medium parameters. The bound state existing only near nonlinear defect only is found. It is shown that the influence of a change in the effective defect power is qualitatively equivalent to a change in the defect power up to renormalization, and the effect of the defect nonlinearity is opposite.