bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Fluid Resuscitation and Supportive Management of Diarrhea
Authors: Habib Hala Saad Abdelsalam
Published: October 2023

The pediatric population is sensitive in every aspect. There are several parts of their bodies that need extreme levels of care and support until these children have reached a mature age. Similarly, there are several aspects of health that require immediate and urgent intervention, particularly in the pediatric population for better care and management. The reason behind this is the delicate and sensitive nature of the children’s health. Compromising any aspect of pediatric care might lead to severe consequences, which could be life-threatening too. Therefore, it is in the best interest of both the parents of the children and the physicians to be vigilant about the affected children’s symptoms just so they do not miss out on any important signs that could be transient or short-lived. Diarrhea is among the pediatric conditions that can very easily take a turn for the worse if it is not managed appropriately. Diarrhea can lead to severe consequences, including death in children, especially the malnourished ones. Diarrhea results in the excessive excretion of water, and electrolytes including sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and zinc through watery stools. Dehydration ensues when these losses are not sufficiently replenished, leading to deficits in both water and electrolytes. The extent of dehydration is categorized based on symptoms and signs that mirror the quantity of fluid expelled. Depending upon these extents and degrees of dehydration, performing immediate resuscitation measures might be necessary. Among these measures, oral rehydration therapy is considered to be one of the most useful ones. It helps replenish the electrolytes rapidly and without causing any life-threatening consequences, especially when done within the specified time. On the brighter side, these fluid resuscitative measures might be the only interventions required to stop the child's progression further towards a severe form of the disease. This review is based on this fact only, and it revolves around the importance of performing fluid resuscitation and other elementary-level supportive measures that might be the only shot at saving the life of the child if done at an early stage. Thai review will help take action under the right circumstances if such a case arises in the clinical setting.
Harnessing Millets for Climate Resilience and Nutritional Security in India
Authors: Patel Shubhi , Dey Anwesha , Yadav Anju , Singh Rakesh
Published: October 2023

Millets have been widely recognized as ‘nutricereals’ as they are rich in nutrients. India is the leading producer of millets. These are crops which require low moisture, are short duration and can bear elevated temperatures. It is known that the effects of climate change will have a negative impact on Indian agriculture by reducing yields, deteriorating quality of grain, increase in price, etc. Hence, there is a demanding need to look for solutions that ensure food security, income security as well as nutritional security. This study is an attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of status of millets in India in terms of growth, nutrition and climate resilience. Annual growth trends were calculated for pearl millet, finger millet, sorghum and small millets. The results revealed that the growth rate of area & production for small millets has shown negative trends while the yield has shown positive trend. In decadal analysis the highest negative growth was witnessed in the last decade i.e., 2010-2020. While varied trends were reported for jowar, bajra and ragi individually. Literature review showed that be it pearl millet, finger millet or small millets are used as antidiabetic food option. And are proven to be a solution for food and nutritional security in case of climate change events. It is required that these crops be incentivised by government through proper market linkage and remunerative price.
Microbiological Status and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Commercially Available Herbal Medicinal Products in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Fawehinmi A. B. , Lawal Hassan , Chimezie E. U. , Fasan T. I. , Ola-Adedoyin A. T.
Published: October 2023

Some herbal products were sourced from traditional medicine practitioners purposely to evaluate their microbial and pharmaceutical qualities. These products were 15 in number and were of different dosage forms. Phytochemical tests were carried out to determine their phyto-constituents. Also, the microbial qualities were determined and the pharmaceutical evaluation carried out through tablet disintegration of powders, crushing and friability. The powdered formulations were subjected to particle size determination and angle of repose. The density of the suspensions and solutions were taken. Results indicated presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins and cardenolides. The microbial load of the products varies. Seven (46.67%) of the products were contaminated with Salmonella, ten (66.67%) were contaminated with fungi, ten (66.67%) were contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus and nine (9) were contaminated with E.coli.(60%). The angle of repose for the powder dosage forms were high, this indicate that the powdered products were not free flowing and not highly cohesive. Also, acceptable crushing strength and friability was shown by the tablet formulation but it failed the disintegration time. Out of the fifteen products, two of the products were registered with NAFDAC (13.33%), all the products indicated their manufacturing and expiry dates while ten (66.67%) have their contents stated. All the products have their therapeutic claims indicated on their containers. In conclusion, there should be control of standards of herbal medicine in Nigerian markets as well as constant evaluation and monitoring of the various products.
Use, Potential Use, and Awareness of the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline by Level of Psychological Distress
Authors: Purtle Jonathan , McSorley Anna-Michelle Marie , Adera Abigail Lin , Lindsey Michael A.
Published: October 2023

This cross-sectional study assesses variations in use, potential use, and awareness of the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline among people with varying levels of psychological distress.
Correlation between spinal cord stimulation analgesia and cortical dynamics in pain management
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Zhen , Han Rui , Li Kuankuan , Guo Gangwen , Huang Dong , Huang Yuzhao , Zhou Haocheng
Published: October 2023

Aim

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective method to treat neuropathic pain. It is necessary to identify the responders of SCS analgesia before implantation. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the cortical dynamics and SCS analgesia responders in pain management.

Methods

Resting‐state EEG recording was performed in patients who underwent short‐term implantation of spinal cord stimulation for pain therapy. We then did spectral analysis to capture the pattern of cortical oscillation between neuromodulation therapy analgesia responders and nonresponders.

Results

About 58.3% (14 out of 24) of participants were considered as analgesia responders, with average visual analogue scores reduction of 4.8 ± 1.0 after surgery, and 2.1 ± 0.7 for the nonresponder subgroup, respectively. The alpha oscillation was significantly enhanced in responder cohort compared with nonresponders. We also observed an increasing spectral power of gamma band in responders. Furthermore, the attenuation of pain severity was significantly correlated with the global alpha oscillation activity (r = 0.60, P = 0.002). Likely, positive and significant correlation was found between the pain relief and gamma activity (r = 0.58, P = 0.003).

Conclusions

Distinct pattern of neural oscillation is associated with the analgesic effect of spinal cord stimulation in pain management, enhancement of cortical alpha and gamma oscillation may be a predictor of analgesia responders.
Synthesis of Two Isomers of pyrido/benzo[b][1,4]selenazines: A Selective Catalyst‐Dependent Formation of C−N and C‐Se Bonds
Authors: Santos Felipe B. , Pezzini Emily , Cargnelutti Roberta , Penteado Filipe , Schumacher Ricardo F.
Published: October 2023

This work describes the selective synthesis of a series of pyrido/benzo‐fused 1,4‐selenazines, through the reaction of bis(3‐amino‐2‐pyridyl) or bis(2‐aminophenyl) diselenides with different β‐dicarbonyl compounds. When molecular I2 was used as catalyst, a series of (Z)‐1‐(1H‐pyrido[2,3‐b][1,4]selenazin‐2(3H)‐ylidene)propan‐2‐ones were obtained. On the other hand, in the absence of catalyst, 1‐(2‐methyl‐1H‐pyrido[2,3‐b][1,4]selenazin‐3‐yl)ethan‐1‐ones could be prepared selectively. The structure of the prepared compounds was elucidated by NMR and HRMS analysis and confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The versatility of the protocol was demonstrated not only by the access to a variety of 1,4‐selenazine derivatives, but also by the structural diversity in the 1,3‐dicarbonyl precursors, incorporating multifunctionalities in the synthesized heterocycles.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phosphine‐Catalyzed Reaction Modes in the Reaction of α‐Substituted Allenes with Aryl Imines
Authors: Wu Ke , Li Quanxin , Su Wenbo , Ni Shaofei , Zhou Qingfa
Published: October 2023

A new phosphine‐catalyzed reaction of α‐substituted allenes with aryl imines, in stark contrast to classic cycloaddition reactions, has been developed. This reaction delivers valuable highly functionalized itaconimides with excellent stereoselectivities by a new «un‐cyclizing» reaction mode involving β′‐carbon of α‐substituted allenes. Moreover, the present «un‐cyclizing» reaction can also be carried out in a one‐pot fashion and scaled up to the gram scale by using aryl aldehydes, without the need to isolate the aryl imines. Mechanistic studies and control experiments reveal the crucial role of H2CO3 for the present reaction mode. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to understand the possible mechanism.
Redescription and phylogenetic affinities of the Early Cretaceous enantiornithine Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus
Authors: Wang Shiying , Li Li , Zhao Cuilin , Rummy Paul , Wang Renfei , Hu Dongyu
Published: October 2023

Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus, a small to medium‐sized enantiornithine from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Western Liaoning, China, stands as one of the earliest known enantiornithines with well‐preserved ornamental tail feathers. However, the original holotype description was limited due to damage and matrix interference, which obscured crucial osteological details. Therefore, we provide an updated description of the holotype specimen of D. sentisorhinus with the aid of CT scanning to reveal new and revised osteological information. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis of newly acquired data situates Dapingfangornis within the Enantiornithes, closely aligned with Pterygornis and a few other taxa, which may represent a previously unrecognized clade of Early Cretaceous enantiornithines.
Migraine after stellate ganglion block: A case report
Authors: Chi Xiaowei , Jia Bin , Fu Qiang
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Stellate ganglion block‐induced ipsilateral migraines are rare. We present a typical case detailing its developmental process. Abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system control and vascular and neural mechanisms may play crucial roles in the manifestation of these migraines. Postprocedural migraines necessitate anesthesiologists' awareness during stellate ganglion blocks.
Kinetic Modeling of PROTAC‐Induced Protein Degradation
Authors: Zhao Hongtao , Narjes Frank
Published: October 2023

Kinetics of the PROTAC‐induced protein degradation were modelled using the equilibrium approximation, accounting for the protein recovery rate with a time lag. The simulated kinetic curves resemble what is experimentally observed, and the physical formulas of the half‐maximal degradation concentration (DC50) were derived from them. The equations reveal that DC50 is proportional to the dissociation constant of the ternary complex (Kd) and inversely proportional to the expression level of the E3 ligase and the effective ubiquitylation rate (kub). The predicted relationships were rigorously confirmed by experimental evidences from a matched molecular pair analysis using a set of published PROTACs.
N/S Co‐Doped Graphene Aerogels as Superior Anode Materials for High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gu Kaijie , Li Peng , Yi Guiyun , Wu Yuanfeng , Yang WenPeng , Zhang Zhengting , Zhang Xiuxiu
Published: October 2023

The nitrogen and sulfur co‐doped graphene aerogel (SNGA) was synthesized by a one‐pot hydrothermal route using graphene oxide as the starting material and thiourea as the S and N source. The obtained SNGA with a three‐dimensionally hierarchical structure, providing more available pathways for the transport of lithium ions. The existing form of S and N was regulated by changing the calcination temperature and thiourea doping amount. The results revealed that high temperature could decompose −SOX− functional groups and promote the transformation of C−S−C to C−S, ensuring the cyclic stability of electrode materials, and increasing the thiourea dosage amount introduced more pyridine nitrogen, improving the multiplicative performance of electrode materials. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of sulfur and nitrogen atoms, the prepared SNGA showed superior rate capability (107.8 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), twice more than that of GA (52.8 mAh g−1), and excellent stability (232.1 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 300 cycles), 1.85 times more than that of GA (125.6 mAh g−1). The present study provides a detailed report on thiourea as a dopant to provide a sufficient basis for SNGA and a theoretical guide for further modifying.
Paraspinal muscles in individuals undergoing surgery for lumbar spine pathology lack a myogenic response to an acute bout of resistance exercise
Authors: Shahidi Bahar , Anderson Bradley , Ordaz Angel , Berry David B. , Ruoss Severin , Zlomislic Vinko , Allen R. Todd , Garfin Steven R. , Farshad Mazda , Schenk Simon , Ward Samuel R.
Published: October 2023

Background

Lumbar spine pathology (LSP) is a common source of low back or leg pain, and paraspinal muscle in these patients demonstrates fatty and fibrotic infiltration, and cellular degeneration that do not reverse with exercise‐based rehabilitation. However, it is unclear of this lack of response is due to insufficient exercise stimulus, or an inability to mount a growth response. The purpose of this study was to compare paraspinal muscle gene expression between individuals with LSP who do and do not undergo an acute bout of resistance exercise.

Methods

Paraspinal muscle biopsies were obtained from 64 individuals with LSP undergoing spinal surgery. Eight participants performed an acute bout of machine‐based lumbar extension resistance exercise preoperatively. Gene expression for 42 genes associated with adipogenic/metabolic, atrophic, fibrogenic, inflammatory, and myogenic pathways was measured, and differential expression between exercised and non‐exercised groups was evaluated for (a) the full cohort, and (b) an age, gender, acuity, and etiology matched sub‐cohort. Principal components analyses were used to identify gene expression clustering across clinical phenotypes.

Results

The exercised cohort demonstrated upregulation of inflammatory gene IL1B, inhibition of extracellular matrix components (increased MMP3&9, decreased TIMP1&3, COL1A1) and metabolic/adipogenic genes (FABP4, PPARD, WNT10B), and downregulation of myogenic (MYOD, ANKRD2B) and atrophic (FOXO3) genes compared to the non‐exercised cohort, with similar patterns in the matched sub‐analysis. There were no clinical phenotypes significantly associated with gene expression profiles.

Conclusion

An acute bout of moderate‐high intensity resistance exercise did not result in upregulation of myogenic genes in individuals with LSP. The response was characterized by mixed metabolic and fibrotic gene expression, upregulation of inflammation, and downregulation of myogenesis.
Nachruf: Otto Wolfbeis (1947 – 2023)
Authors: Bäumner Antje
Published: October 2023

Otto Wolfbeis hat mit seinem Lebenswerk Forschung, Lehre und ein internationales Netzwerk in der analytischen Chemie geprägt.
Residential mobility and psychological transformation in China: From relational to institutional trust
Authors: Wang Yachao , Zuo Shijiang , Wang Fang
Published: October 2023

As one of the important drivers of social change in China, residential mobility has caused a dramatic change in the interpersonal environment, but it remained little known how residential mobility would influence the basis of interpersonal interaction—trust. The present research aimed to explore the effect of residential mobility on two kinds of trust, relational trust and institutional trust, by two studies. Study 1 explored the correlational relationship between regional residential mobility and two kinds of trust using data from the China General Social Survey 2010 and the Sixth National Population Census of China, and analyzed the data using hierarchical linear modeling. Study 2 switched to the individual level and investigated the causal relationship between individual residential mobility and two kinds of trust in the laboratory using the writing task for priming residential mobility and the situational selection task for trust. Study 1 found that individuals exhibited lower relational trust when they lived in a region of higher residential mobility. For institutional trust, the indicator about the permission to register household in inflow cities could significantly positively predict this. Study 2 found that the primed mindset of high (vs. low) residential mobility reduces relational trust and enhances institutional trust. In conclusion, the present research revealed that residential mobility promotes the transformation of individuals' trust mode from relational to institutional trust in social life, thus expanding the research field of residential mobility as a socioecological factor and extended the understanding of psychological transformation under the background of social change in China.
Delusion of death in a patient with dementia: a case report
Authors: Kar Nilamadhab , Rath Suresh Chandra , Kar Shreyan
Published: October 2023

The delusional belief one has died is a rare psychopathology. It has been described as a part of Cotard's syndrome and is associated with psychiatric and neurological illnesses. Here we present a case of a 97‐year‐old male patient who experienced this delusion with a background of long‐standing dementia with hearing and vision impairment. There were no associated psychiatric symptoms. Ten days after the onset of the delusion he had a stroke and hemiplegia, and he passed away within a month. We discuss the presentation and analyse the related literature.
Plasma‐induced formation of coatings on vegetable ivory microparticles immersed in silicone oil: Enhancing surface coverage using natural products
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Yuri , Almeida Giana , Veiga Anderson Thiago Vasconcelos , Oliveira Renata Nunes , Perré Patrick , Simao Renata A.
Published: October 2023

Aiming to enhance the potential applications of bioproducts, we developed an innovative approach for their hydrophobization using plasma activation of liquids. In this study, microparticles of vegetable ivory, a porous hygroscopic material, were treated by an air plasma jet while immersed in silicone oil. The in‐liquid plasma treatment formed coatings that reduced particle water vapor sorption. Pore surface coverage and sorption reduction were enhanced by mixing silicone oil with copaiba oil‐resin (Copaifera spp.). Mulateiro extract (Calycophyllum spruceanum) was not as effective, owing to a lower affinity with silicone oil. For the first time, we demonstrate the plasma‐induced coating formation on particles immersed in liquid mixtures, a process in which liquid–liquid interfacial properties play a fundamental role.
Computed tomography manifestations of a case of varicella zoster virus (VZV) pneumonia
Authors: Zhang Minlong , Yang Cuiping , Guo Yinghua
Published: October 2023

Key message

Disseminated VZV infections is rare in healthy adults. Several studies have reported VZV reactivation and eruption happens in an immunocompromised host especially after solid organ transplantation. Nonetheless, diffuse bilateral lung VZV infections is also rare. We report a case of disseminated VZV pneumonia after renal transplantation and methylprednisolone treatment. This report highlights the computed tomography manifestations of disseminated VZV pneumonia.
Engineered Silica Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Delivery
Authors: Zhang Yue , Yu Yingjie , Yang Yannan , Wang Yue , Yu Chengzhong
Published: October 2023

The development of nucleic acid‐based drugs holds great promise for therapeutic applications, but their effective delivery into cells is hindered by poor cellular membrane permeability and inherent instability. To overcome these challenges, delivery vehicles are required to protect and deliver nucleic acids efficiently. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have emerged as promising nanovectors and recently bioregulators for gene delivery due to their unique advantages. In this review, a summary of recent advancements in the design of SiNPs for nucleic acid delivery and their applications is provided, mainly according to the specific type of nucleic acids. First, the structural characteristics and working mechanisms of various types of nucleic acids are introduced and classified according to their functions. Subsequently, for each nucleic acid type, the use of SiNPs for enhancing delivery performance and their biomedical applications are summarized. The tailored design of SiNPs for selected type of nucleic acid delivery will be highlighted considering the characteristics of nucleic acids. Lastly, the limitations in current research and personal perspectives on future directions in this field are presented. It is expected this opportune review will provide insights into a burgeoning research area for the development of next‐generation SiNP‐based nucleic acid delivery systems.
Improving Sequential Recommendation with Global Item Transitions and Local Subsequences
Authors: Deng Hangyu , Hu Jinglu
Published: October 2023

Many recent sequential recommendation methods have aimed to enhance the modeling of users' diverse interests to provide more accurate and varied recommendations. Despite great success, existing models possess a limitation in their capacity to solely perceive items within a user behavior sequence. Such an approach may potentially constrain their ability to effectively discover users' multiple interests. In this paper, we present a novel approach that addresses this gap by harnessing global item transitions to uncover users' potential interests, subsequently modeling them as local subsequences. To achieve this objective, we represent global item transitions as a directed graph, constructed by amalgamating behavior sequences from the training set. This graph‐based representation allows the design of a specialized module capable of aggregating global item transitional information and uncovering local subsequences specific to individual users. Consequently, downstream sequence models can focus on pertinent item transitions, disregarding unrelated ones. We evaluate the effectiveness of our method on four public data sets, outperforming existing alternatives or delivering competitive results. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Scattering three closed strings off a Dp-brane in pure spinor formalism
Authors: Bischof Andreas , Haack Michael , Stieberger Stephan
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We compute the disk amplitude of three closed strings in the pure spinor formalism. Among others, this amplitude probes tree-level gravitational interactions in the presence of Dp-branes. After disentangling holomorphic and anti-holomorphic closed string coordinates on the disk by means of introducing monodromy phases we find a compact expression for the disk amplitude of three closed strings in terms of open superstring six-point amplitudes. Furthermore, we provide the low-energy expansion (in the inverse string tension) of our amplitude and discuss some relevant Dp-brane couplings associated to it. Finally, we write down an expression for the general structure of the disk amplitude of any number nc of closed strings in terms of pure open string amplitudes involving 2nc open strings.
Decreased eukaryotic initiation factors expression upon temozolomide treatment—potential novel implications for eIFs in glioma therapy
Authors: Krassnig Stefanie , Leber Stefan L. , Orthmann Andrea , Golob-Schwarzl Nicole , Huber Heinrich Johann , Wohlrab Christina , Skofler Christina , Pennauer Mirjam , Raicht Andrea , Birkl-Toeglhofer Anna Maria , Naumann Michael , Mahdy-Ali Kariem , von Campe Gord , Leoni Marlene , Alcaniz Joshua , Hoffmann Jens , Wälchli Thomas , Weis Serge , Benesch Martin , Haybaeck Johannes
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Since glioma therapy is currently still limited until today, new treatment options for this heterogeneous group of tumours are of great interest. Eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are altered in various cancer entities, including gliomas. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the potential of eIFs as novel targets in glioma treatment.

Methods

We evaluated eIF protein expression and regulation in 22 glioblastoma patient-derived xenografts (GBM PDX) after treatment with established cytostatics and with regards to mutation profile analyses of GBM PDX.

Results

We observed decreased expression of several eIFs upon temozolomide (TMZ) treatment independent from the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ AKT/ mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. These effects of TMZ treatment were not present in TMZ-resistant PDX. Combination therapy of regorafenib and TMZ re- established the eIF/AKT/mTOR axis.

Conclusion

Our study provides novel insights into chemotherapeutic effects on eIF regulation in gliomas and suggests that eIFs are interesting candidates for future research to improve glioma therapy.
Monolithic tapered Yb-doped fiber chirped pulse amplifier delivering 126 μJ and 207 MW femtosecond laser with near diffraction-limited beam quality
Authors: Wang Tao , Ren Bo , Li Can , Guo Kun , Leng Jinyong , Zhou Pu
Published: October 2023

In this work, a high-energy and high peak power chirped pulse amplification system with near diffraction-limited beam quality based on tapered confined-doped fiber (TCF) is experimentally demonstrated. The TCF has a core numerical aperture of 0.07 with core/cladding diameter of 35/250 µm at the thin end and 56/400 μm at the thick end. With a backward-pumping configuration, a maximum single pulse energy of 177.9 μJ at a repetition rate of 504 kHz is realized, corresponding to an average power of 89.7 W. Through partially compensating for the accumulated nonlinear phase during the amplification process via adjusting the high order dispersion of the stretching chirped fiber Bragg grating, the duration of the amplified pulse is compressed to 401 fs with a pulse energy of 126.3 μJ and a peak power of 207 MW, which to the best of our knowledge represents the highest peak power ever reported from a monolithic ultrafast fiber laser. At the highest energy, the polarization extinction ratio and the M2 factor were respectively measured to be ~ 19 dB and 1.20. In addition, the corresponding intensity noise properties as well as the short- and long-term stability were also examined, verifying a stable operation of the system. It is believed that the demonstrated laser source could find important applications in, for example, advanced manufacturing and photomedicine.

Graphical Abstract
Vegan diet - alternative protein sources as potential allergy risk
Authors: Jappe Uta
Published: October 2023

Background: As a vegan diet is per definition a plant-based diet, consumers rely on plant protein sources in order to substitute animal proteins. Plant protein sources commonly used in this context are the following: cereals, like wheat (Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum), oat flakes; pseudo cereals like quinoa; nuts and oil seeds like cashew (Anacardium occidentale), hazelnut (Corylus avellana), walnut (Juglans regia); seeds like psyllium seeds (Plantago ovata), sesame (Sesamum indicum), and chia seed (Salvia hispanica).

Methods: In order to assess the allergy risk posed by vegan diet, a literature search focusing on the composition of this particular diet and whether the respective foods are potentially allergenic was performed.

Results: At first glance, it is evident for allergologists that these protein sources are well-known allergen sources. Particularly nuts and legumes harbour storage proteins, oleosins, and lipid trans- fer proteins that as such are associated with severe allergic reactions to food. In addition, there is increasing evidence that the simultaneous consumption of several of these foods may produce a summation effect where many single allergens of high allergenic potential sum up, thereby inducing anaphylaxis. Furthermore, food processing - or the lack of it - puts patients with pollen-associated food allergy at risk to react to some of the plant foods used in vegan diets.

Conclusion: Therefore, individuals with a history of atopy should be educated regarding the allergy risk of a vegan diet.

Cite this as Jappe U. Vegan diet - alternative protein sources as potential allergy risk. Allergo J Int 2023;32:251-7

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-023-00248-7
Evaluation of appropriate transmission-based precautions for non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses
Authors: Falk Cassandra L. , Dumkow Lisa E. , Geyer Abigail C. , Schmidt Kyle J. , Egwuatu Nnaemeka E. , Langholz Jennifer M. , Jameson Andrew P.
Published: October 2023

Appropriateness of transmission-based precautions after positive result for a non-SARS-CoV-2 virus was evaluated. Most patients (77.2%) lacked appropriate precautions within 3 hours of virus detection; 36.9% remained without appropriate precautions during their stay. With recent cessation of universal masking, adherence to infection control best practices is needed to optimize safety.
Of autocratic incrementalism and inadvertent inspirations: the interaction between the European Court of Justice and national lawmakers in the rule of law crisis in Poland
Authors: Bornemann Jonas
Published: October 2023

The European Court of Justice (ECJ) is often viewed as a revered champion of opposition to autocratic reforms in the Member States. In the context of the rule of law crisis in Poland, however, its resolute support for judicial independence contrasts notably with the limited improvements for judges on the ground. As the present investigation suggests, this discrepancy can be explained by a mode of incremental adjustments at national level that has allowed Polish lawmakers to repeatedly neutralise the effects of the Court’s interventions. Resulting from this strategy are several instances of mutually responsive interaction between the Court of Justice and autocratic national lawmakers that have shaped developments in the rule of law crisis, both at national and supranational level. At national level, lawmakers have incrementally adjusted reforms to comply – at least superficially – with supranational judicial interventions, whereas the Court refined its interpretation of supranational safeguards of judicial independence in response to incremental adjustments in Polish law. Yet, more recently, this interaction of inadvertent mutual inspiration may have come to a halt. Rather than changing national law to superficially respond to supranational judicial interventions, Polish authorities may increasingly deny the Court’s authority to adjudicate in matters of judicial independence in the Member States altogether.
Variation in the clinical management of self-harm by area-level socio-economic deprivation: findings from the multicenter study of self-harm in England
Authors: Geulayov G. , Casey D. , Bale L. , Brand F. , Clements C. , Kapur N. , Ness J. , Waters K. , White S. , Hawton K.
Published: October 2023

Background

We investigated disparities in the clinical management of self-harm following hospital presentation with self-harm according to level of socio-economic deprivation (SED) in England.

Methods

108 092 presentations to hospitals (by 57 306 individuals) after self-harm in the Multicenter Study of Self-harm spanning 17 years. Area-level SED was based on the English Index of Multiple Deprivation. Information about indicators of clinical care was obtained from each hospital's self-harm monitoring systems. We assessed the associations of SED with indicators of care using mixed effect models.

Results

Controlling for confounders, psychosocial assessment and admission to a general medical ward were less likely for presentations by patients living in more deprived areas relative to presentations by patients from the least deprived areas. Referral for outpatient mental health care was less likely for presentations by patients from the two most deprived localities (most deprived: adjusted odd ratio [aOR] 0.77, 95% CI 0.71–0.83, p < 0.0001; 2nd most deprived: aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.74–0.87, p < 0.0001). Referral to substance use services and ‘other’ services increased with increased SED. Overall, referral for aftercare was less likely following presentations by patients living in the two most deprived areas (most deprived: aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.78–0.92, p < 0.0001; 2nd most deprived: aOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.94, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

SED is associated with differential care for patients who self-harm in England. Inequalities in care may exacerbate the risk of adverse outcomes in this disadvantaged population. Further work is needed to understand the reasons for these differences and ways of providing more equitable care.
Health technology assessment (HTA) readiness in Uganda: stakeholder’s perceptions on the potential application of HTA to support national universal health coverage efforts
Authors: Mayora Chrispus , Kazibwe Joseph , Ssempala Richard , Nakimuli Brenda , Ssennyonjo Aloysius , Ekirapa Elizabeth , Byakika Sarah , Aliti Tom , Musila Timothy , Gad Mohamed , Vassall Anna , Ruiz Francis , Ssengooba Freddie
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Health technology assessment (HTA) is an area that remains less implemented in low- and lower middle-income countries. The aim of the study is to understand the perceptions of stakeholders in Uganda toward HTA and its role in decision making, in order to inform its potential implementation in the country.

Methods

The study takes a cross-sectional mixed methods approach, utilizing an adapted version of the International Decision Support Initiative questionnaire with both semi-structured and open-ended questions. We interviewed thirty key informants from different stakeholder institutions in Uganda that support policy and decision making in the health sector.

Results

All participants perceived HTA as an important tool for decision making. Allocative efficiency was regarded as the most important use of HTA receiving the highest average score (8.8 out of 10), followed by quality of healthcare (7.8/10), transparency (7.6/10), budget control (7.5/10), and equity (6.5/10). There was concern that some of the uses of HTA may not be achieved in reality if there was political interference during the HTA process. The study participants identified development partners as the most likely potential users of HTA (66.7 percent of participants), followed by Ministry of Health (43.3 percent).

Conclusion

Interviewed stakeholders in Uganda viewed the role of HTA positively, suggesting that there exists a promising environment for the establishment and operationalization of HTA as a tool for decision making within the health sector. However, sustainable development and application of HTA in Uganda will require adequate capacity both to undertake HTAs and to support their use and uptake.
Risk of severe outcomes among Omicron sub-lineages BA.4.6, BA.2.75, and BQ.1 compared to BA.5 in England
Authors: Seghezzo Giulia , Nash Sophie G. , Aziz Nurin A. , Hope Russell , Bernal Jamie L. , Gallagher Eileen , Dabrera Gavin , Thelwall Simon
Published: October 2023

Since the emergence of Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2021, a number of sub-lineages have arisen and circulated internationally. Little is known about the relative severity of Omicron sub-lineages BA.2.75, BA.4.6, and BQ.1. We undertook a case–control analysis to determine the clinical severity of these lineages relative to BA.5, using whole genome sequenced, PCR-confirmed infections, between 1 August 2022 and 27 November 2022, among those who presented to emergency care in England 14 days after and up to one day prior to the positive specimen. A total of 10,375 episodes were included in the analysis; of which, 5,207 (50.2%) were admitted to the hospital or died. Multivariable conditional regression analyses found no evidence of greater odds of hospital admission or death among those with BA.2.75 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–1.09) and BA.4.6 (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.88– 1.17) or BQ.1 (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.94–1.13) compared to BA.5. Future lineages may not follow the same trend and there remains a need for continued surveillance of COVID-19 variants and their clinical outcomes to inform the public health response.
Protecting the environment in armed conflict: Evaluating the US perspective
Authors: Biggerstaff W. Casey , Schmitt Michael N.
Published: October 2023

This article outlines and evaluates the US perspective on how treaty and customary international law protect the natural environment during international armed conflict. It surveys the relevant treaties to which the United States is a party and examines US views on their pertinent provisions. It then assesses claims that the environmental obligations residing in the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions have attained customary status, outlines the United States’ rejection of those claims, and evaluates the reasonableness thereof. Finally, it highlights ambiguities in certain US environmental positions, the resolution of which would bring much-needed clarity to the law.
Isolation of Enterococcus faecium and determination of its mechanism for promoting the growth and development of Drosophila
Authors: Li Yujuan , Pan Lei , Li Pengcheng , Gao Fuguo , Wang Lei , Chen Jian , Li Zhichao , Gao Yongheng , Gong Yumei , Jin Faguang
Published: October 2023

Intestinal symbiotic microorganisms have a strong capacity to regulate the physiological functions of their host, and Drosophila serves as a useful model. Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) is a member of the normal intestinal flora of animals. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as E. faecium can promote the growth and development of Drosophila, but the mechanism of regulation of Drosophila is poorly understood. In this study, we found that E. faecium used a carbon source to produce probiotic acids. E. faecium is a symbiotic bacterium for Drosophila, and adult flies passed on parental flora to offspring. E. faecium promoted the growth and development of Drosophila, especially under poor nutritional conditions. E. faecium shortened the developmental process for Drosophila and accelerated the transformation from larva to pupa. Finally, E. faecium promoted the growth and development of Drosophila through TOR and insulin signalling pathways.
Low-melting point agarose as embedding medium for MALDI mass spectrometry imaging and laser-capture microdissection-based proteomics
Authors: Greco Francesco , Pardini Luca Fidia , Botto Asia , McDonnell Liam Andrew
Published: October 2023

The combination of MALDI mass spectrometry imaging, laser-capture microdissection, and quantitative proteomics allows the identification and characterization of molecularly distinct tissue compartments. Such workflows are typically performed using consecutive tissue sections, and so reliable sectioning and mounting of high-quality tissue sections is a prerequisite of such investigations. Embedding media facilitate the sectioning process but can introduce contaminants which may adversely affect either the mass spectrometry imaging or proteomics analyses. Seven low-temperature embedding media were tested in terms of embedding temperature and cutting performance. The two media that provided the best results (5% gelatin and 2% low-melting point agarose) were compared with non-embedded tissue by both MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of lipids and laser-capture microdissection followed by bottom-up proteomics. Two out of the seven tested media (5% gelatin and 2% low-melting point agarose) provided the best performances on terms of mechanical properties. These media allowed for low-temperature embedding and for the collection of high-quality consecutive sections. Comparisons with non-embedded tissues revealed that both embedding media had no discernable effect on proteomics analysis; 5% gelatin showed a light ion suppression effect in the MALDI mass spectrometry imaging experiments, 2% agarose performed similarly to the non-embedded tissue. 2% low-melting point agarose is proposed for tissue embedding in experiments involving MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of lipids and laser-capture microdissection, proteomics of consecutive tissue sections.
Genetic and molecular analysis of leaf blast resistance in Tetep derived line RIL4 and its relationship to genes at Pita/Pita2 locus
Authors: Biswas B. , Thakur K. , Pote T. D. , Sharma K. D. , Krishnan S. Gopala , Singh A. K. , Sharma T. R. , Rathour R.
Published: October 2023

The Vietnamese indica landrace ‘Tetep’ is known worldwide for its durable and broad spectrum-resistance to blast. We performed genetic and molecular analyses of leaf blast resistance in a Tetep derived recombinant inbred line ‘RIL4’ which is resistant to both leaf and neck blast. Phenotypic analysis of segregating F2 progenies suggested that leaf blast resistance in RIL4 was controlled by a dominant gene tentatively designated as Pi-l(t). The gene was mapped to a 2.4 cm region close to the centromere of chromosome 12. The search for the gene content in the equivalent genomic region of reference cv. Nipponbare revealed the presence of five NBS-LRR genes, two of which corresponded to the alleles of Pita and Pi67 genes previously identified from Tetep. The two other genes, LOC_Os12g17090, and LOC_Os12g17490 represented the homologs of stripe rust resistance gene Yr10. The allelic tests with Pita2 and Pi67 lines suggested that the leaf blast resistance gene in RIL4 is either allelic or tightly linked to these genes. The genomic position of the leaf blast resistance gene in RIL4 perfectly coincided with the genomic position of a neck blast resistance gene Pb2 previously identified from this line suggesting that the same gene confers resistance to leaf and neck blast. The present results were discussed in juxtaposition with past studies on the genes of Pita/Pita2 resistance gene complex.
Miniaturization of frequency selective surface by 2.5-dimensional meandered split ring cells for application in L-band
Authors: Khajevandi Amir , Oraizi Homayoon
Published: October 2023

In this research article, A miniaturized hexagonal split-ring 2.5-dimensional (2.5-D) unit cell is proposed for frequency selective surface (FSS) applications. The 2.5-D FSS provides efficient usage of the available surfaces and optimum increased current paths by connecting its two sides through vias. The size of the FSS unit cell is $$0.026{{\varvec{\uplambda}}}_{0}\times 0.026{{\varvec{\uplambda}}}_{0}$$

0.026

λ

0

×
0.026

λ

0

at the resonance frequency of 1.25 GHz. The proposed FSS has good angle stability due to its small size. The effects of variation of FSS geometry parameters on transmission zero are investigated, namely, the control of bandwidth and roll-off of frequency response by these parameters is studied. An equivalent circuit is obtained for the proposed structure to predict its frequency response, which agrees very well with the results of full-wave simulations. A prototype model of the proposed FSS structure is designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested as proof of concept.
Coastal fishers’ livelihood adaptations to extreme weather events: an analysis of household strategies in Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam
Authors: Pham Thi Lam , Saizen Izuru
Published: October 2023

Extreme weather events (EWEs) pose significant threats to fishery-based livelihoods in Quang Ngai (QN) Province, Vietnam. This study describes the types of livelihood adaptations (LAs) that coastal fishers in QN have practiced in response to EWEs and find the varieties in these adaptation strategy choices. In this study, we investigated livelihood adaptation strategies in coastal areas through a household survey and analysis of the collected data using MS Excel. Two sample strategies were used, stratified and random sampling, to select 229 coastal fishers from 11 communes; and data are collected through designed questionnaires. The current study employed statistical disaggregation and comparative methods to analyze coastal fishers’ adaptation strategy choices in QN Province. A range of adaptation strategies were identified consisting of five reactive LAs and eight anticipatory LAs practiced differently by coastal fishers. Among the eight anticipatory LAs, discontinuing production for a certain time is a novel adaptation in QN Province. In addition, a divergence in conducting LAs by production forms was found. On-sand farming and offshore fishers invest in advanced technologies and facilities as adaptive measures. By contrast, fishers who farm in estuaries, lagoons, and nearshore fishing fishers are more likely to change and diversify their jobs. The study’s key findings about livelihood adaptation measures and their differences are significant for improving coastal fisher’s livelihoods in Vietnam. Any efforts at local and national levels in developing mitigation strategies for the impact of EWEs may consider the coastal fisher’s adaptation choices.
Phytosanitary newletters
Authors: Álvarez Jurado Manuela
Published: October 2023

The great relevance vitiviniculture has achieved in recent times
has given rise to an increasing number of specialized non-specialized texts.
Consequently, many specialized and non-specialized texts and a constantly
changing lexicon (which is dynamically updated by the formation of new words
which are required by specific events) have appeared. This textual and
lexical richness deserves further investigation. Thus, the goal of this
paper is to systematize and showcase a textual typology which is used very
frequently and exhibits a great degree of applicability but has not received
enough critical attention so far. To reach this goal, I have placed the
focus on phytosanitary bulletins, which constitute a specific textual
typology from the lexical subdomain related to vineyard diseases.
Terminological metaphors in red wine tasting notes
Authors: Janodet Francisco Luque
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, it will be addressed the existence of conceptual
metaphors around which red wine tasting discourse is articulated in French
and Spanish. In addition, the role of terminological metaphor in this
specialized discourse will be considered. To this end, a descriptive and
comparative analysis of tasting notes will be carried out, in order to find
the underlying conceptual metaphors and their manifestations in different
metaphorical expressions. Therefore, a linguistic and a translatological
analysis of the metaphorical vocabulary used in winespeak will be addressed
to determine whether these words could be considered specialized terms and
the main challenges for their translation.