bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A quantitative approach for mathematical model of doping in high performance sport
Authors: Arotăriței Dragos , Turnea Marius , Rotariu Mariana , Ilea Mihai , Viscotel Christine Gabriela
Published: June 2022

Doping or administration of substances for purpose of improving the performances in various sport has a long history, even in the modern era to most common association of doping is connected to professional cycling. The usage of doping substances has become a major public health issue. Also, some abuse of doping substance was a major cause of death in some cases. As results of effort in fighting against doping, World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) coordinated the implementation of the athlete hematological passport, or more commonly athlete biological passport (ABP). The decision of doped or not doped based on biological markers is made using Bayesian inference. But the code of implementation and the code of software used in decisions is not available to the public, and as sequels there are also some approaches in research, as methods based on psychological questionaries. In this case, the statistical analysis using structural equation models offer a valuable tool for management of antidoping policies in order to reduce this phenomenon. Material and method. In this paper, a novel method is novel model for quantitative analysis of doping is proposed. The model doesn’t use the biological markers but the effect of this as declared doping persons in a quantitative analysis over a lot of high performance athletes. The model is based on nonlinear equations as result of compartmental model with quantitative time dependent evolution of them. Results and discussions. The model was implemented in MATLAB and numerical solutions were obtained using ODE (Ordinary Differential Equations) tool. The stability of model was analyzed using analogies with an epidemic SIRS compartmental model. The implementation uses a GUI (Graphical User Interface) that make the application user friendly. The fitting tools model is in stage of implementation and the parameter are finding out using a data collected and optimization tools (an objective function and genetic algorithms in order to prevent the phenomenon in a trapping minima). Conclusions. The result is very encouraging, the model fit 99.7% in preliminary set of data. The future development will include the fitting module and a set of results structured on various high-performance sports.
Keywords: doping in sport, compartmental models, anti-doping policy, modeling and simulation, data fit-ting
Assessing the determinants and impacts of and relationships between, sports club and sports event volunteers' behaviour
Authors: Κούτρου Νίκη
Published: June 2022

Σκοπός αυτής της μελέτης είναι να εξετάσει εάν οι εμπειρίες των εθελοντών στοράγκμπι γυναικών όσον αφορά τους συλλόγους ράγκμπι και στην εθελοντική συμμετοχή στο Παγκόσμιο Κύπελλο Ράγκμπι Γυναικών του 2010(WRWC) στην Αγγλία παρέχουν τη βάση για τη συνέχιση τέτοιων δραστηριοτήτων καθώς και τη μεταφορά της εθελοντικής προσπάθειας σε δραστηριότητες που βασίζεται σε εκδηλώσεις ή σε συλλόγουςστα συγκεκριμένα αθλήματα ή σε όλα τα αθλήματα για να συμβάλουν στις ευρύτερες αθλητικές ανάγκες της κοινωνίας. Ο αθλητικός εθελοντισμός στο Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο αντιπροσωπεύει το 26%της συνολικής επίσημης εθελοντικής δραστηριότητας, και σε μεγάλο βαθμό λαμβάνει χώρα εντός τουΣύστηματος των αθλητικών συλλόγων που παρέχουν τις δομέςγια την ανάπτυξη του ερασιτεχνικού αθλητισμού (Sport England, 2003). . Ο αθλητικός εθελοντισμός πραγματοποιείται επίσης στιςαθλητικές εκδηλώσεις που αποτελούν τη βάση για την ανάπτυξη του αθλητισμού σε επίπεδο ελίτ. είναιγνωστό, ωστόσο, ότι εάν η εμπειρία του εθελοντισμού είναι ικανοποιητική, τότε αυτό μπορείοδηγούν σε υψηλότερα επίπεδα δέσμευσης με τον αθλητικό οργανισμό, την εκδήλωση ήη εθελοντική αιτία, η οποία μπορεί να επηρεάσει τη μακροζωία και τις προθέσεις των εθελοντών νασυνεχίσουν τον εθελοντισμό (Doherty, 2009).Το γυναικείο ράγκμπι επιλέχθηκε ως μελέτη περίπτωσης, καθως το World Rugby Women's 2010Κύπελλο διεξήχθη στην Αγγλία. Αυτό διευκόλυνε τις συγκρίσεις μεταξύ συλλόγου και εκδήλωσηςεθελοντές. Με τη συνεργασία της Ένωσης Ράγκμπι Ποδοσφαίρου Γυναικών(RFUW), οι συμμετέχοντες στην έρευνα αναγνωρίστηκαν και στρατολογήθηκαν μέσω emailπρόσκληση που περιλαμβάνει έναν σύνδεσμο προς ένα ερωτηματολόγιο που διαχειρίζεται το Διαδίκτυο. Συνολικά70 άτομα που προσφέρθηκαν εθελοντικά για το WRWC 2010 και 168 εθελοντές που συμμετείχανστους γυναικείους συλλόγους ράγκμπι συμπλήρωσε την ηλεκτρονική έρευνα.Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι συνολικά και παρά κάποιες διαφορές στην έμφαση των αποτελεσμάτων, στα ευρήματα υπάρχουν στοιχεία που υποστηρίζουν τη συνάφεια των ευρέως γνωστώνκαθοριστικών παραγόντων του εθελοντισμού όπως κίνητρα για εθελοντισμό, κοινωνικοδημογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά, ικανοποίηση από την εθελοντική εμπειρία,ενασχόληση με τον αθλητισμό και τον εθελοντισμό στη συνέχιση του μελλοντικού συλλόγου ή εθελοντισμός σε εκδηλώσεις καθώς και μεταφορά του σε άλλες εκδηλώσεις ράγκμπι και άλλες αθλητικές εκδηλώσεις.Κατά συνέπεια, οι διοργανωτές εκδηλώσεων θα πρέπει να συνεργαστούν στενά με τις αρχές των αθλητικών συλλόγων για να βοηθήσουν τους εθελοντές για να κάνουν μια καλύτερη σύνδεση με τον σύλλογό τους ,με το άθλημα ευρύτερακαι με το ρόλο των συλλόγων και των εκδηλώσεων να υποστηρίξουν το άθλημα γενικότερα, να αναπτύξουν μιακοινή αθλητική ταυτότητα και να αυξηθούν οι ευκαιρίες ανάπτυξης των εθελοντών σε περισσότερες απο μία πτυές του αθλητισμού που μπορεί στη συνέχεια να οδηγήσουν σεανάπτυξη του κοινωνικού κεφαλαίου
Gender-specific attitudes to health and healthy lifestyle of older adolescents
Authors: Bonkalo T. , Artemyeva S. , Shmeleva S. , Belyakova Natalya
Published: June 2022

The conducted study is aimed at identifying gender characteristics of the attitude of older adolescents studying in the senior classes of general education schools to their health and a healthy lifestyle. For the study, a random sample was formed, consisting of 382 adolescents aged 16 to 18 years, of which 189 are girls and 193 are boys studying in basic (non-profile) grades 10-11. The study was carried out using two diagnostic methods aimed at identifying the tendency of adolescents to various types of addictions and determining the level of formation of their interest in their health and the need for a healthy lifestyle. As a result of the study, it was concluded that, firstly, the process of forming a healthy lifestyle in secondary schools is more of a declamatory nature than a practice-oriented one: more than a third of high school students have no interest in their health and the need for a healthy lifestyle. Secondly, many of the older adolescents aged 16-17 are already abusing alcohol, smoking, both boys and girls. Gender features are manifested only in the emotional attitude to one's own health, associated with its aesthetic component. The results of the study indicate the need to find effective ways to increase the interest of the younger generation in their health and a healthy lifestyle.
Innovative approaches in the training of cadets – future case inspectors for the prevention of destructive behaviors of the younger generation
Authors: Ulyanova Irina , Erofeeva Mariya , Ananin Olyeg
Published: June 2022

The article presents the experience of the Department of Pedagogy of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named after V.Ya. Kikot in training inspectors for minors.

Within the framework of the implemented model of training students by the teaching staff, attention is focused on an integrated approach to the professional training of students, including the prevention of deviant behavior of minors. Complexity in this case is understood as a stable set of the following approaches to education: competence-based (system-activity), culturological, personality-oriented, environmental. Taking into account the orientation of the scientific school implemented by the department "Pedagogy of meaning–life orientations in the system of personnel training for the internal affairs bodies of Russia" (founder - Professor I.V. Ulyanova), the meaning-life orientation approach is also being updated (it includes such aspects as axiological, target, valeological, ethical-aesthetic, gender-psychological, preventive). Practice has shown that it is in the stable totality of the designated theoretical concepts that there is a real opportunity to help the younger generation in harmonious, truly humanistic development. The principle of complexity is revealed in the preparation of cadets for professional activity in the conditions of a rational combination of effective traditional methods, forms of humanistic pedagogy and new organizational technologies.

Special attention in the preparation of cadets for the professional activities of the PD inspector is paid to their personal development. It is the strengthening of the moral, humanistic position of the first-year cadet that is noted as a significant innovation position implemented in the educational process.
Teaching a foreign language in educational institutions of the higher education system, taking into account the development of synonymous relations in the group of prefixes of Romance and Germanic origin
Authors: Bashlueva Natalya
Published: June 2022

This article deals with the development of pedagogical and methodological approaches in teaching a foreign language, taking into account the research of synonymous relations in the group of prefixes of Romance and Germanic origin. Teaching a foreign language as a special discipline does not allow the calcification of the translation of certain terms and expressions. It is very important to take into account the peculiarities of synonymization of prefixes in the group of languages of Romance and Germanic origin in order to achieve the most accurate translation. The task is to use the material of several groups of prefixes of Romance origin, which make up one semantic group with native English prefixes, to trace the development of synonymic relations between them, to reveal some trends in the development of meanings, prefixes - synonyms and to determine the reasons for the coexistence of prefixes-synonyms of different origins. Among the questions arising in connection with the study of synonymous groups of prefixes, the following questions are of considerable interest: the meaning of synonymous prefixes, their productivity, the ability to give hybrid formations, as well as the scope of use. Solving these issues is also of practical importance, as it will facilitate the task of teaching English. Trainees should have the necessary language content in the field of word formation, since in this way it is possible to achieve a more accurate level of information transmission and translation. It should be noted that the process of assimilation of borrowed prefixes of Romance origin mainly follows the line of displacement of prefixes-synonyms of Germanic origin or differentiation of shades of meaning with them. Prefixes-synonyms differ in shades of meaning, expressive and stylistic coloring and in varying degrees of intensity in the expression of the same concept. The development of the semantic structure of prefixes shows how the differentiation of individual meanings occurs under the influence of synonymic connections. The results of observations on the peculiarities of the development of meanings in prefixes-synonyms contribute to a more complete understanding of the specifics of the language and can be used in the practice of teaching English.
Development of a Growth Strategy of a Machine-Building Enterprise's Production Potential During the Implementation of an Innovative Production Modernization Project
Authors: Batova Marina , Baranov V.
Published: June 2022

The article considers the economic aspects of the production potential growth of a machine-building enterprise during the implementation of its innovative modernization project, a part of which is the robotization of production. There was proposed the methodology for evaluating creation, organization and operation of robotic organizational and production structures at the enterprises of the machine-building cluster of the Republic of Tatarstan. Within the framework of the methodology, optimization-type problems were solved, the criterion was net present value. In the course of the research, an algorithm for calculating the optimal output program was developed, organizational design was carried out, economic and mathematical models of the development and effective operation of technical robotic subsystems of the enterprise were proposed.
Archiwalny chaos a porządek. O edycjach dzienników Reymonta i Żeromskiego
Authors: Utkowska Beata
Published: June 2022

Artykuł jest poświęcony porównaniu zapisków diarystycznych Władysława Reymonta i Stefana Żeromskiego, przeprowadzonemu z punktu widzenia tekstologiczno-edytorskiego. Autorka pokazuje, że całkowicie różny sposób prowadzenia dzienników przez obu pisarzy – chaotyczny przez Reymonta i systematyczny przez Żeromskiego – skutkuje podejmowaniem przez edytorów odmiennych działań. W przypadku autora Chłopów są to działania nakierowane na porządkowanie rozproszonego archiwum pisarza, kwalifikowanie jego zapisów jako diarystycznych i scalanie ich w dziennik, w przypadku Żeromskiego – na wykluczaniu, zgodnie z przyjętą koncepcją wydania, elementów niecenzuralnych lub niediarystycznych z zeszytów, w których autor prowadził swój młodzieńczy dziennik.
„Ameryki już mam dosyć”. Wielka Wystawa Światowa w Chicago (1893) w świetle listu Walerego Brochockiego do Marii Faleńskiej
Authors: Bąbel Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

Artykuł jest opracowaniem edytorskim listu malarza Walerego Brochockiego do warszawskiej tłumaczki, pisarki i publicystki, Marii Faleńskiej, wysłanego latem 1893 roku z Chicago – z poprzedzającym artykułem wstępnym, który zarysowuje sytuację powstania listu i szerzej komentuje jego treść. Materiał pochodzi z korespondencji Marii z Trębickich Faleńskiej z lat 1856–1895, zachowanej w zbiorach Biblioteki Narodowej w Warszawie (sygn. 5904, poz. 1, 3 karty zapisane obustronnie).

Wybrany list wart jest opublikowania przede wszystkim z uwagi na interesujące okoliczności, których dotyczy. Brochocki należał bowiem do trzyosobowego komitetu delegatów eskortujących wybrane prace polskich artystów na Wielką Wystawę Światową zorganizowaną z okazji 400 rocznicy odkrycia Ameryki przez Kolumba (World’s Columbian Exposition). Napisany żywym językiem dokument zawiera wzmianki o znaczących (choć może nie pierwszorzędnych) postaciach tamtej epoki (np. syn Heleny Modrzejewskiej, inżynier Ralph Modjeski) i charakterze ówczesnych relacji towarzyskich (zwłaszcza wśród Polonii), zaś bardzo krytyczny ton uwag na temat miasta Chicago oraz organizacji samej wystawy po skonfrontowaniu z innymi źródłami dowodzi bystrego zmysłu obserwacyjnego autora. Brochocki prezentuje się tu jako pełen godności „warszawiak”, zdystansowany gość ze Starego Kontynentu, który z zaciekawieniem, choć raczej niepochlebnie, opisuje amerykańską rzeczywistość końca XIX wieku.
Konstelacje „niepokornej”. Wokół biografii Józefy Kodis z Krzyżanowskich
Authors: Bednarczuk Monika
Published: June 2022

Historia polskiego ruchu kobiecego w XIX i XX wieku, a także losy Polek i ich autobiografie przyciągają uwagę coraz liczniejszych badaczy i badaczek. Jednak wciąż istnieje spora grupa działaczek i autorek, które mimo swojej wybitnej osobowości i/lub pionierskich dokonań budzą co najwyżej ograniczone zainteresowanie. Do tego grona niezwykłych kobiet należy Józefa Krzyżanowska-Kodis (1865–1940), jedna z pierwszych Polek ze stopniem doktora filozofii (Uniwersytet w Zurychu, 1893), socjalistka, feministka oraz współzałożycielka Sekcji Polskiej Międzynarodowej Ligi Kobiet na rzecz Pokoju i Wolności. Józefa Kodis (Kodisowa), która zresztą bezskutecznie starała się o posadę uniwersytecką w Stanach Zjednoczonych, była pasjonatką filozofii, działaczką społeczną i publicystką. Nieliczne prace naukowe na jej temat koncentrują się na jej przyjaźni z Carlem Hauptmannem. Artykuł proponuje natomiast analizę wspomnień Józefy i jej córki Zofii Kodis-Freyer oraz innych źródeł archiwalnych, aby na ich podstawie zrekonstruować najważniejsze doświadczenia, konstelacje osobowe oraz sieci towarzyskie, które współkształtowały biografię Kodisowej i jej poglądy na emancypację kobiet, relacje damsko-męskie, (nie)równości społeczne oraz pacyfizm.
Dzieje Suwałk w biografiach spisane
Authors: Dąbrowska Joanna E.
Published: June 2022

Rec.: Suwalski słownik biograficzny, t. 1, pod red. T. Budrewicza, M. Ambrosiewicza i J. Brzozowskiego, Muzeum Okręgowe w Suwałkach, Suwałki 2021.
Wstęp
Authors: Budrowska Kamila , Gardocki Wiktor , Kościewicz Katarzyna
Published: June 2022

Wstęp do numeru „Sztuki Edycji” zatytułowanego „Poza historią literatury – egodokumenty”
Warszawsko-grodzieński trójkąt (auto)biograficzny. Listy Leopolda Méyeta do Wilhelminy Zyndram-Kościałkowskiej
Authors: Bordzoł Piotr
Published: June 2022

Zachowana spuścizna rękopiśmienna Leopolda Méyeta to przede wszystkim pisane na przestrzeni ponad 20 lat listy do Elizy Orzeszkowej. Niemniej uwagę badawczą przykuwa korpus listów warszawskiego adwokata do Wilhelminy Zyndram-Kościałkowskiej z lat 1877–1911, przechowywany w Litewskim Państwowym Archiwum Historycznym w Wilnie (F. 1135, ap. 13, nr 507). Listy, pisane niemal równolegle z listami do Orzeszkowej, stanowią swoisty awers tej relacji. Listowe „rozmowy” z Kościałkowską Méyet prowadził ze stanowiska lojalnego plenipotenta autorki Nad Niemnem. Lektura listów adwokata do Kościałkowskiej odsłania znamienną cechę tej relacji – listy są znacznie bardziej intymne niż te pisane do Orzeszkowej. Nadawca zamieszczał w nich obszerne passusy mówiące o sprawach osobistych: relacji z matką, samotności, małżeństwa z Seweryną Kaftal i związanym z nim skandalem. Poruszał również problem zmagań z potrzebą i niemocą twórczą, pokory wobec niedostatków talentu pisarskiego, która każe profilować sferę działalności.
Spuścizna piśmienna Teodory Męczkowskiej w badaniach nad dziejami polskiego ruchu kobiecego
Authors: Zawiszewska Agata
Published: June 2022

Artykuł przedstawia cele badań nad spuścizną piśmienną ważnej działaczki polskiego ruchu oświatowego i emancypacyjnego – Teodory Męczkowskiej  (1870–1954) – oraz zadania stojące przed edytorem jej prac. Cele główne to: poszerzenie wiedzy o roli kobiet w procesie modernizacji polskiego społeczeństwa od końca XIX wieku do połowy XX wieku, roli kobiet w odzyskaniu przez Polskę niepodległości w 1918 roku, życiu i twórczości liderek polskiego ruchu emancypacji kobiet. Główne zadania edytorskie to: przygotowanie uaktualnionej biografii Męczkowskiej, opracowanie katalogu i antologii jej publikacji, przygotowanie do druku jej wspomnień i korespondencji.
Problemy z edycją krytyczną „Pamiętnika” Wacława Sieroszewskiego
Authors: Legutko Grażyna
Published: June 2022

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie szeregu trudnych problemów, z którymi musi mierzyć się edytor nowego, krytycznego wydania Pamiętnika Wacława Sieroszewskiego pisanego w latach 1939–1944. Problemy z edycją tego dokumentu wiążą się m.in. z: hybrydalnością tekstu głównego (sytuującego się na pograniczu literatury dokumentu osobistego, beletrystyki, publicystyki i literatury faktu), powtórzeniami myślowymi tych samych treści, spójnym i logicznym uporządkowaniem wewnętrznie zróżnicowanej i chaotycznej struktury, a przede wszystkim ze skompletowaniem i z wydaniem wszystkich dokumentów dołączonych do tekstu głównego oraz tych, do których pamiętnikarz jedynie odsyłał. Owa innorodna materia, którą sędziwy dziejopis zamierzał wcielić w swoją narrację, stanowi największą trudność w przygotowaniu do druku kompletnego tekstu czterech ostatnich tomów: 10, 11, 12 i 13. Edycja krytyczna Pamiętnika Sieroszewskiego nie jest możliwa bez uprzedniego wydania całej zachowanej korespondencji Sieroszewskiego z żoną, a więc nie tylko tych listów, do których pamiętnikarz odsyłał w tomach 10 i 11, ale także tych, których nie planował dołączyć, a których treść wiąże się bezpośrednio z zapisem memuarystycznym (jest to bardzo obszerny materiał – listów Wacława i Stefanii Sieroszewskich zachowało się bowiem aż 160).
„To straszne, ale ja tak muszę pisać”. Dzienniki Anny Pogonowskiej – próba lektury
Authors: Libich Maciej
Published: June 2022

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i wstępne opracowanie dziennika Anny Pogonowskiej (1922–2005), polskiej poetki i eseistki, której twórczość wciąż nie doczekała się należytej recepcji. Choć Pogonowska opublikowała za życia niemal dwadzieścia tomów poetyckich – większość w oficynach, takich jak Czytelnik czy Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy – pozostaje na uboczu historii literatury. Podobny los spotkał jej monumentalny dziennik, prowadzony w latach 1930–1992, na który składa się kilkadziesiąt gęsto zapisanych notesów. Mimo że od 2004 roku znajduje się on w archiwach Muzeum Literatury w Warszawie, nie skupili się na nim ani badacze-edytorzy, ani wydawcy. Artykuł jest więc pierwszą próbą wprowadzenia dziennika do obiegu historycznoliterackiego; próbą zarysowania najważniejszych cech diariusza poetki i opisania jego zawartości, a także – dzięki możliwościom, które oferuje krytyka genetyczna – zeszytów, w jakich Pogonowska sporządzała notatki. Autor szkicu zastanawia się też nad możliwością wydania dziennika: stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, z jakimi wyzwaniami musieliby zmierzyć się wydawcy dziennika i jak mogłaby wyglądać edycja diariusza.
Obywatelska postawa Wincentego Ignacego Marewicza i jej biograficzne konteksty. „Ofiara dla Ojczyzny… roku 1792, maja dnia 14 w Wilnie”
Authors: Petlak Anna
Published: June 2022

Wincenty Ignacy Marewicz (1755–1822) – mało znany pisarz polskiego oświecenia o bogatym i różnorodnym dorobku. Jego twórczość i biografia wciąż nie są jeszcze w pełni rozpoznane. Prezentowany materiał ma charakter opracowania edytorskiego ze wstępem. Jest to kopia ofiary obywatelskiej, złożonej przez Marewicza i zapisanej w Komisji Cywilno-Wojskowej wileńskiej w czasie, gdy ojczyzna, zagrożona wojną z Rosją, znalazła się w obliczu śmiertelnego niebezpieczeństwa. Pisarz opublikował ją w postaci osobnego druku i przesłał Stanisławowi Augustowi, o czym wiemy z jego listu do władcy z 31 maja 1792 roku.
Niewątpliwie Ofiara dla Ojczyzny świadczy o patriotyzmie Wincentego Marewicza, jego odpowiedzialności obywatelskiej i poświęceniu. Jest to zarazem dość nietypowa gotowość zasilenia istotnych potrzeb dla ojczyzny. Odsłania się w niej bowiem los „chudego literata”, a zarazem ubogiego szlachcica, szczerość, nieukrywanie trudnych spraw majątkowych oraz finansowych. W tekście można także dostrzec szereg innych stałych elementów postawy Marewicza, widocznych w jego twórczości stricte literackiej. Ofiara dla Ojczyzny jest publicznym i jednocześnie głęboko osobistym dokumentem godnym upamiętnienia.
Splenic Infarctions in Polycythaemia Vera are Not Always a Catastrophe
Authors: Abdalla ELMustafa , Musa Muzamil , Musa Mutwakil , Hatem Ahmed , Fadul Abdalla , Ahmed Ashraf OE
Published: June 2022

Splenic infarction can occur as an infrequent thrombotic manifestation in polycythaemia vera (PV) and is usually catastrophic. We describe the case of a middle-aged woman who was diagnosed with PV 3 months before she presented to the emergency department with acute limb ischaemia. A splenic infarction detected on diagnostic imaging during her hospital stay was treated conservatively with modification of her hydroxyurea dose along with pain management, without the need for surgery.
Revisitando a reconceituação do Serviço Social na América Latina e em outros continentes pelo avesso da história
Authors: Furtado Dayana Barbosa
Published: June 2022

Resenha do livro A história pelo avesso: a reconceituação do Serviço Social na América Latina e interlocuções internacionais, organizado por Marilda Villela Iamamoto e Cláudia Mônica dos Santos.
New pathways to paradigm change in public policy: combining insights from policy design, mix and feedback
Authors: Sewerin Sebastian , Cashore Benjamin , Howlett Michael
Published: June 2022

To tackle the manifold crises of our times, most notably the environmental crises we face, ambitious policy change is urgently needed to achieve the necessary radical transformation of our industrialised societies. Yet, while there is increasing demand for public policy scholarship to provide guidance on how policy should be designed to achieve such change, existing scholarship struggles to provide ‘forward-looking’ recommendations. Within this context, our article takes a step back to reconsider the underlying logics of policy change. We argue that focusing on policy, its effect and the subsequent politics it triggers is best achieved by combining insights from the policy design, policy mix and policy feedback literatures. This combination allows us to re-evaluate which potential pathways towards policy change exist.

The main contribution of our article is its proposition of two distinct pathways towards policy change, building on a systematic understanding of policy design elements. These pathways place greater emphasis on policy change happening (1) ‘bottom-up’ through initial low-level design changes rather than ‘top-down’ through high-level ideational change, as argued in earlier scholarship, (2) through the interplay of several policies in a complex mix. In this way, these pathways provide a useful framework for systematically analysing how policy should be designed to achieve ambitious policy change and thus enable transformative societal change.
Transformational change through Public Policy
Authors: Berglund Oscar , Dunlop Claire A. , Koebele Elizabeth A. , Weible Christopher M.
Published: June 2022

This article introduces the special issue ‘Transformational change through Public Policy’. After introducing the idea of transformational societal change, it asks how public policy scholarship can contribute to fostering it; the research questions we need to do so; what actors we need to study; who our audiences are; and how we need to expand our theories and methods. In our conclusion, we draw five lessons from the special issue articles. Transformational change (1) often results from many instances of policy changes over extended periods of time; (2) involves social movements that reconceptualise problems and possibilities; and (3) requires policy changes across sectors and levels of society, from local communities to national or global communities. As a field, Public Policy will (4) never offer detailed instructions to create transformational change in all circumstances, but (5) must involve scholars taking on different roles, from engaged scholarship to theory development that each provide unique contributions.
Discovering molecular features of intrinsically disordered regions by using evolution for contrastive learning
Authors: Lu Alex X. , Lu Amy X. , Pritišanac Iva , Zarin Taraneh , Forman-Kay Julie D. , Moses Alan M.
Published: June 2022

A major challenge to the characterization of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), which are widespread in the proteome, but relatively poorly understood, is the identification of molecular features that mediate functions of these regions, such as short motifs, amino acid repeats and physicochemical properties. Here, we introduce a proteome-scale feature discovery approach for IDRs. Our approach, which we call “reverse homology”, exploits the principle that important functional features are conserved over evolution. We use this as a contrastive learning signal for deep learning: given a set of homologous IDRs, the neural network has to correctly choose a held-out homolog from another set of IDRs sampled randomly from the proteome. We pair reverse homology with a simple architecture and standard interpretation techniques, and show that the network learns conserved features of IDRs that can be interpreted as motifs, repeats, or bulk features like charge or amino acid propensities. We also show that our model can be used to produce visualizations of what residues and regions are most important to IDR function, generating hypotheses for uncharacterized IDRs. Our results suggest that feature discovery using unsupervised neural networks is a promising avenue to gain systematic insight into poorly understood protein sequences.
Two duplicated gsdf homeologs cooperatively regulate male differentiation by inhibiting cyp19a1a transcription in a hexaploid fish
Authors: Wang Ming-Tao , Li Zhi , Ding Miao , Yao Tian-Zi , Yang Sheng , Zhang Xiao-Juan , Miao Chun , Du Wen-Xuan , Shi Qian , Li Shun , Mei Jie , Wang Yang , Wang Zhong-Wei , Zhou Li , Li Xi-Yin , Gui Jian-Fang
Published: June 2022

Although evolutionary fates and expression patterns of duplicated genes have been extensively investigated, how duplicated genes co-regulate a biological process in polyploids remains largely unknown. Here, we identified two gsdf (gonadal somatic cell-derived factor) homeologous genes (gsdf-A and gsdf-B) in hexaploid gibel carp (Carassius gibelio), wherein each homeolog contained three highly conserved alleles. Interestingly, gsdf-A and gsdf-B transcription were mainly activated by dmrt1-A (dsx- and mab-3-related transcription factor 1) and dmrt1-B, respectively. Loss of either gsdf-A or gsdf-B alone resulted in partial male-to-female sex reversal and loss of both caused complete sex reversal, which could be rescued by a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. Compensatory expression of gsdf-A and gsdf-B was observed in gsdf-B and gsdf-A mutants, respectively. Subsequently, we determined that in tissue culture cells, Gsdf-A and Gsdf-B both interacted with Ncoa5 (nuclear receptor coactivator 5) and blocked Ncoa5 interaction with Rora (retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-alpha) to repress Rora/Ncoa5-induced activation of cyp19a1a (cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a). These findings illustrate that Gsdf-A and Gsdf-B can regulate male differentiation by inhibiting cyp19a1a transcription in hexaploid gibel carp and also reveal that Gsdf-A and Gsdf-B can interact with Ncoa5 to suppress cyp19a1a transcription in vitro. This study provides a typical case of cooperative mechanism of duplicated genes in polyploids and also sheds light on the conserved evolution of sex differentiation.
Archaeobotanical and chemical investigations on wine amphorae from San Felice Circeo (Italy) shed light on grape beverages at the Roman time
Authors: Chassouant Louise , Celant Alessandra , Delpino Chiara , Di Rita Federico , Vieillescazes Cathy , Mathe Carole , Magri Donatella
Published: June 2022

We hereby investigate the pitch used for coating three Roman amphorae from San Felice Circeo (Italy) through a multidisciplinary study. The identification of molecular biomarkers by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry is combined with archaeobotanical evidence of pollen and plant tissues of Vitis flowers. Diterpenic chemical markers together with Pinus pollen and wood revealed Pinaceae tar coating. Aporate 3-zonocolpate pollen, identified as Vitis, together with tartaric, malic and pyruvic acids elucidate the grape-fermented nature of the content. Our conclusions open new consideration on the use of grape derivatives that cannot be supported by traditional analytical methods. Based on the finds of aporate Vitis pollen, found also in local modern and Middle Pleistocene samples, we hypothesize the use of autochthonous vines. The presence of a medicinal wine (historically reported as oenanthium) is also considered. We interrogate Vitis pollen capacity to target grapevine domestication, thereby providing innovative tools to understand such an important process. We anticipate our study to encourage a more systematic multidisciplinary approach regarding the analyses of wine amphorae.
Glucose level detection using millimetre-wave metamaterial-inspired resonator
Authors: Qureshi Suhail Asghar , Abidin Zuhairiah Zainal , Elamin N. I. M. , A. Majid Huda , Ashyap Adel Y. I. , Nebhen Jamel , Kamarudin M. R. , See Chan Hwang , Abd-Alhameed R. A.
Published: June 2022

Millimetre-wave frequencies are promising for sensitive detection of glucose levels in the blood, where the temperature effect is insignificant. All these features provide the feasibility of continuous, portable, and accurate monitoring of glucose levels. This paper presents a metamaterial-inspired resonator comprising five split-rings to detect glucose levels at 24.9 GHz. The plexiglass case containing blood is modelled on the sensor’s surface and the structure is simulated for the glucose levels in blood from 50 mg/dl to 120 mg/dl. The novelty of the sensor is demonstrated by the capability to sense the normal glucose levels at millimetre-wave frequencies. The dielectric characteristics of the blood are modelled by using the Debye parameters. The proposed design can detect small changes in the dielectric properties of blood caused by varying glucose levels. The variation in the transmission coefficient for each glucose level tested in this study is determined by the quality factor and resonant frequency. The sensor presented can detect the change in the quality factor of transmission response up to 2.71/mg/dl. The sensor’s performance has also been tested to detect diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome. The sensor showed a linear shift in resonant frequency with the change in glucose levels, and an R2 of 0.9976 was obtained by applying regression analysis. Thus, the sensor can be used to monitor glucose in a normal range as well as at extreme levels.
Incidence and neutralizing antibody seroprevalence of influenza B virus in Egypt: Results of a community-based cohort study
Authors: Abo Shama Noura M. , Mahmoud Sara H. , Bagato Ola , AbdElsalam Elsayed Tarek , Alkhazindar Maha , Kandeil Ahmed , McKenzie Pamela P. , Webby Richard J. , Ali Mohamed A. , Kayali Ghazi , El-Shesheny Rabeh
Published: June 2022

Since 2000, two lineages of influenza B viruses, Victoria and Yamagata, have been circulating at similar frequencies worldwide. Little is known about the circulation of those viruses in Egypt. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of influenza B virus infections in Egypt, 2017–2019. This was performed through a household prospective cohort study on influenza infections among 2400 individuals from five villages. When a study participant had influenza like symptoms, a nasal swab and an oropharyngeal swab were obtained and tested by RT-PCR for influenza B infections. A serum sample was obtained from all participants annually to detect neutralizing antibodies using microneutralization assay. 9.1% of subjects were positive for influenza B viruses during season 2017–2018 mostly among preschoolers and 7.6% were positive during the season 2018–2019 with higher risk in females, potentially due to mothers being infected after contact with their children. The overall seroprevalence among the participants was 53.2% and 52.2% against the Victoria and Yamagata lineages respectively, the majority of seropositive participants were students. Multivariate analysis showed that age and having chronic diseases were the strongest predictors of infection. Our results show that both influenza B lineages circulated between 2017 and 2020 in Egypt almost in equal proportion. Encouraging the uptake of seasonal influenza vaccines is recommended.
Analyzing differences between parent- and self-report measures with a latent space approach
Authors: Go Dongyoung , Jeon Minjeong , Lee Saebyul , Jin Ick Hoon , Park Hae-Jeong
Published: June 2022

We explore potential cross-informant discrepancies between child- and parent-report measures with an example of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self Report (YSR), parent- and self-report measures on children’s behavioral and emotional problems. We propose a new way of examining the parent- and child-report differences with an interaction map estimated using a Latent Space Item Response Model (LSIRM). The interaction map enables the investigation of the dependency between items, between respondents, and between items and respondents, which is not possible with the conventional approach. The LSIRM captures the differential positions of items and respondents in the latent spaces for CBCL and YSR and identifies the relationships between each respondent and item according to their dependent structures. The results suggest that the analysis of item response in the latent space using the LSIRM is beneficial in uncovering the differential structures embedded in the response data obtained from different perspectives in children and their parents. This study also argues that the differential hidden structures of children and parents’ responses should be taken together to evaluate children’s behavioral problems.
Colostrum management practices that improve the transfer of passive immunity in neonatal dairy calves: A scoping review
Authors: Uyama T. , Kelton D. F. , Winder C. B. , Dunn J. , Goetz H. M. , LeBlanc S. J. , McClure J. T. , Renaud D. L.
Published: June 2022

The objective of this scoping review was to describe the literature on the characteristics and management practices of colostrum feeding and their associations with the level of transfer of passive immunity (TPI) in dairy calves. Observational and experimental studies were searched in 5 electronic databases and 3 conference proceedings. Two reviewers independently screened primary studies, either analytic observational or experimental studies written in English. Studies on dairy or dual-purpose calves with passive immunity analyzed by blood sampling between 1 to 9 days of age were included. All studies had to compare at least one colostrum intervention or risk factor and their association with passive immunity. Of the 3,675 initially identified studies, 256 were included in this synthesis. One hundred and ninety-five were controlled trials, 57 were cohort studies, and 4 were cross-sectional studies. The effect of colostral quantity at first feeding was investigated in 30 controlled studies including studies that were comparable to each other. The effect of colostral quality was explored in 24 controlled studies with inconsistent criteria used to define the quality. The effect of the timing of first feeding of colostrum was investigated in 21 controlled studies, where the timing of feeding ranged widely from immediately after birth to 60 h of age. Only 4 controlled studies evaluated the relationship between bacterial load in the colostrum and TPI in dairy calves. Of the 256 total studies, 222 assessed blood IgG concentration while 107 measured blood total protein concentration. We identified a gap in knowledge on the association between passive immunity in dairy calves and the bacterial load in colostrum, or the timing of harvesting colostrum from the dam. A possible quantitative synthesis could be conducted among the studies that evaluated colostral quantity at the first feeding in relation to TPI in dairy calves.
A stochastic generative model for citation networks among academic papers
Authors: Yasui Yuichiro , Nakano Junji
Published: June 2022

We propose a stochastic generative model to represent a directed graph constructed by citations among academic papers, where nodes and directed edges represent papers with discrete publication time and citations respectively. The proposed model assumes that a citation between two papers occurs with a probability based on the type of the citing paper, the importance of cited paper, and the difference between their publication times, like the existing models. We consider the out-degrees of citing paper as its type, because, for example, survey paper cites many papers. We approximate the importance of a cited paper by its in-degrees. In our model, we adopt three functions: a logistic function for illustrating the numbers of papers published in discrete time, an inverse Gaussian probability distribution function to express the aging effect based on the difference between publication times, and an exponential distribution (or a generalized Pareto distribution) for describing the out-degree distribution. We consider that our model is a more reasonable and appropriate stochastic model than other existing models and can perform complete simulations without using original data. In this paper, we first use the Web of Science database and see the features used in our model. By using the proposed model, we can generate simulated graphs and demonstrate that they are similar to the original data concerning the in- and out-degree distributions, and node triangle participation. In addition, we analyze two other citation networks derived from physics papers in the arXiv database and verify the effectiveness of the model.
Inequalities in care for the people with diabetes in Brazil: A nationwide study, 2019
Authors: Neves Rosália Garcia , Saes Mirelle de Oliveira , Duro Suele Manjourany Silva , Flores Thaynã Ramos , Tomasi Elaine
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate inequalities in care for people with diabetes in Brazil. This cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in 2019 and evaluated care provided by receiving advice, requesting laboratory tests, and performing examinations. We used the slope index of inequality and concentration index to assess inequalities according to educational level and Poisson regression to estimate prevalence ratios for each outcome in the education category. We assessed a total of 6317 people with diabetes, 41.8% had their eyes checked, and 36.1% had their feet examined in the previous year. Prevalence for both examinations was 2.45 times higher in those from the highest level of education compared to those from the lowest level. The largest absolute differences (in percentage points) between the lowest and highest education levels in care indicators were the following: request for glycated hemoglobin test (39.0), glucose curve test (31.4), and eyes checked in the previous year (29.7). There were notable inequalities in the prevalence ratios of care provided to people with diabetes in Brazil. Requests for glycated hemoglobin tests, glucose curve tests, eye and feet examinations should be emphasized, especially for people from lower educational levels.
Patient insights into the experience of trying to achieve weight-loss and future expectations upon commencement of a primary care-led weight management intervention: A qualitative, baseline exploration
Authors: Spreckley Marie , de Lange Judith , Seidell Jacob C. , Halberstadt Jutka
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The long-term effects of interventions aiming to achieve substantial, sustainable weight loss maintenance have been disappointing. Most people regain their lost weight over time but some seem to be able to maintain their weight loss. We are following the experiences of patients over time prospectively. This study forms the baseline to provide insights into patient experiences prior to entering a primary care-led weight management intervention and their expectations going forward.

Materials and methods

We recruited 21 adult male and female patients of varying ethnicity with a BMI between 27.7kg/m2 and 48.4kg/m2 from a cohort of patients entering a primary care-led weight management intervention. Patients were offered video and audio interview options during the COVID-19 lockdown. In total, twenty chose the audio option, while one chose the video option. The interview format was semi-structured with room for individual exploration.

Discussion

We found that participants experienced feeling unable to control their weight and encountered a multitude of internal and external barriers to weight management. Some had supportive environments, while others experienced discouraging external influences. Though personal characteristics varied, motivations, goals and expected benefits were similar across this cohort. Most participants had previously experienced transient successful weight-loss attempts with varying approaches. COVID-19 was experienced as an opportunity or barrier for change.

Conclusion

This study illustrates the importance of gaining comprehensive insights into the diverse experiences patients encounter when trying to achieve weight loss. Personalized support taking into account individual experiences and circumstances may enhance long-term treatment outcomes. Future research into the complexities of weight management based on individual accounts can aid in the creation of improved treatment protocols.
Characterization of some fungal pathogens causing anthracnose disease on yam in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Okon Nkese Ime , Markson Aniedi-Abasi Akpan , Okon Ekeng Ita , Ita Effiom Eyo , Uyoh Edak Aniedi , Ene-Obong Ene-Obong Effiom , Ntui Valentine Otang
Published: June 2022

Yam anthracnose is one of the most serious fungal diseases affecting white and water yam production. Screening of available landraces for new sources of durable resistance to the pathogen is a continuous process. In the present study, the pathogens causing anthracnose inDioscorea alataandDioscorea rotundatafarms in Cross River State yam belt region were characterized. Diseased yam leaves with anthracnose symptoms collected from the farms were used in the isolation, purification and, identification ofC.alataestrains using morphological, cultural, and molecular methods. Leaf chlorosis, leaf edge necrosis, blights, dark brown to black leaf spots, shot holes, necrotic vein banding and vein browning were the predominantly observed symptoms. Seven isolates ofC.alatae, Ca5, Ca14, Ca16, Ca22, Ca24, Ca32 and Ca34, and one isolate ofLasidioplodia theobromae, Lt1 were found to be associated with yam infection in Cross River State, with Lt1 as the most prevalent, occurring in all the locations. These isolates were classified into four forms which included the slow-growing grey (SGG), the fast-growing grey (FGG), the fast-growing salmon (FGS), and the fast-growing olive (FGO). Sequence analysis of the ITS region revealed <80% nucleotide identity between the isolates and the reference C.gloeosporioides. Pathogenicity test showed that all the isolates displayed typical symptoms of anthracnose disease as were observed in the field, but Lt1 was the most virulent. Inoculation of 20D.alataand 13D.rotundatalandraces with isolate Lt1, showed that 63.64% of the landraces were susceptible while 36.36%were resistant.D.alatalandraces were the most susceptible. This study revealed that anthracnose is prevalent and may assume an epidemic dimension in the yam growing communities of the state. There is need for increased effort in the breeding of yam for anthracnose resistance.
Non-linear susceptibility to interferences in declarative memory formation
Authors: Moyano Malen D. , Carbonari Giulia , Bonilla Matías , Pedreira María E. , Brusco Luis I. , Kaczer Laura , Forcato Cecilia
Published: June 2022

After encoding, memories go through a labile state followed by a stabilization process known as consolidation. Once consolidated they can enter a new labile state after the presentation of a reminder of the original memory, followed by a period of re-stabilization (reconsolidation). During these periods of lability the memory traces can be modified. Currently, some studies show a rapid stabilization after 30 min, while others show that stabilization occurs after longer periods (e.g. > 6 h). Here we investigate the effect of an interference treatment on declarative memory consolidation, comparing distinct time intervals after acquisition. On day 1, participants learned a list of non- syllable pairs (List 1). 5 min, 30 min, 3 h or 8 h later, they received an interference list (List 2) that acted as an amnesic agent. On day 2 (48 h after training) participants had to recall List 1 first, followed by List 2. We found that the List 1 memory was susceptible to interference when List 2 was administered 5 min or 3 h after learning but not when it was administered 30 min or 8 h after. We propose the possibility that this rapid memory protection could be induced by a fast and transient neocortical integration. Our results open a discussion about the contribution of molecular and systemic aspects to memory consolidation.