bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of TUDIAMIPA MOOCs as an Online Learning Solution
Authors: Febrian Didi , Sudarma Teguh Febri , W Brata Wasis Wuyung
Published: March 2021

The government released policies, colleges, and universities implementing teaching and learning activities from home to minimize the spread of Covid 19. The learning process is undertaken online and focuses on knowledge of life skills. MOOCs come as a distance learning system capable of covering the needs to be accomplished with life skills. MOOCs are online learning systems that can be accessed through the internet network to allow learners to perform teaching and learning activities that are not constrained by time and space. This study produces a system of MOOCs that is designed with CMS WordPress using HTML and PHP and database with a Waterfall architecture model using MySQL. Quality testing of ISO 9126 standard based applications with 4 functions. For the precision and suitability sub-features, 100% feasibility level is displayed, it is declared safe from malware, blacklisting of the website, etc. for the device’s security sub-features. The device can work well with 5 concurrent users, with an average time of 20 seconds and a performance rate of 99.78 % access. The system is considered feasible. 100% feasibility and usability level indicate very clear understanding of 84% feasibility level, meaning that the method is well accepted and easily understood by users.
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria from River Origin in Mandailing Natal North Sumatera
Authors: Nasution Mhd. Yusuf , Ahmad Shafwan S. , Pulungan  , Prasetya Eko , Rezeqi Salwa
Published: March 2021

The indicator of water pollution according to microbiological standards is the presence of microbiological pollutants. To see the presence of bacteria in the waters, it is necessary to study the isolation and characterization of these bacteria. The existence of the river in the Mandailing Natal area has experienced a change in character due to gold mining activities along the river flow. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of bacteria in the river in the Mandailing Natal area of North Sumatra. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Medan. The research period was from June to October 2020. The population in this study was the water of the Batang Gadis Mandailing Natal river, North Sumatra. The sample in this study is the Batang Gadis river water around the Mandailing Natal gold mine, North Sumatra. The research was carried out by taking samples and isolating bacteria which included planting the samples on media enriching the planting of the samples on various growing media, purifying bacterial colonies and observing the morphology of bacterial colonies. The results showed that there were 6 bacterial isolates living in river waters in Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra.
Designing Instructional Multimedia of Curved Three-Dimensional Shapes in Junior High Schools Through out Gorontalo Province
Authors: Bito N , Ismail S
Published: March 2021

Development of instructional technologies gives rise to high demand, including math learning, that can be attained by the involvement of information and communication technology through instructional multimedia. Instructional multimedia are presentation media that combine the whole media elements, such as text, audio, video, animation, and graph. An appropriate and innovative design of instructional multimedia will indubitably provide an effective learning process to students, which then later positively contributing to their learning outcomes. The objective of this study was to develop character-based instructional multimedia of curved three-dimensional shapes in the ninth grade of junior high schools throughout Gorontalo province. The development model referred to the 4-D Model (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate) proposed by Thiagarajan, Semmel and Semmel. It was shown that the developed interactive multimedia of curved three-dimensional shapes were valid and feasible according to experts, as well as being practical and bettering students’ responses during the lesson. Additionally, learning implementation by employing the multimedia arrived at excellent criteria and could improve students’ activities and learning outcomes. Based on the observation result, their activities reached excellent criteria. Student learning outcomes also gave classical mastery data with excellent criteria. All in all, instructional multimedia being developed were valid, practical, and effective to apply in the math learning process in the ninth grade of junior high school
Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Dyes Removal using Low-Cost Composite of Banana Peel-TiO2 Adsorbent
Authors: Anita S , Hanifah T A , Kartika G F , Yanti P H
Published: March 2021

Composite banana peel activated carbon-TiO2 is a photocatalyst used to degrade complex compound. In this research, peel of banana was activated using NaOH activator. The aims of this study was to compose biomass wastes (banana peels) with TiO2 catalyst using photocatalytic process to solve Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange dye waste problems. Sample were calcined at 300°C and activator concentration of NaOH varied (1:0; 1:1; 1:2; and 1:3) to obtain optimal results. The quality of activated carbon of banana peel was compared to SNI 06-3730-1995. There parameter measured were moisture content, ash content, adsorption of iodine, adsorption capacity of Methylene Blue and surface area of activated carbon. The results showed that the highest banana peel activated carbon compares to NaOH concentration of 1: 3 were 0.65%; 4.88%; 774.09 mg/g; 24.90 mg/g and 92.43 m2/g, respectively. It indicates that the optimal results are obtained in the preparation of activated carbon with 1:3 of activator composition. This activated carbon banana peel was combined with titanium dioxide P25. The composites were characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). FTIR spectrum showed that the absorption appeared in the region of Ti-O-C at wave number 1009 cm−1 and C=C at wave number 1620 cm−1. SEM showed that TiO2 spread on activated carbon surfaces. Based on analysis of Infrared presents the functional group of Ti-O and C=O of the composite. Morphology of the composite banana peel activated carbon-TiO2 showed that TiO2 spreads on active carbon surfaces. Based on analysis which have done showed that the composite activated carbon of banana peel-TiO2 formed. Optimum Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange degraded were 94.61% and 84.30%, respectively.
Analysis of The Learning Motivation of Students in Mathematics Education Online Learning, State University of Medan
Authors: Siregar N , Manurung S L
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe the effect of implementing online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic on the learning motivation of students of mathematics education at the State University of Medan (UNIMED).This study is an ex post facto study involving 100 respondents who had attended online lectures at Unimed Mathematics Education during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research instrument used a questionnaire distributed via the Google Form link to measure student learning motivation towards online learning implementation. Analysis of the research data shows the regression equation for student learning motivation towards the implementation of bold learning is Y = 8,428 + 0,582X + 0,157. For t count in this research activity 0,529, it can be concluded that there is a positive influence on student motivation during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The value of R
2 = 0,279, as much as 27,9% indicates that the online learning system for Unimed mathematics education students affects learning motivation during the Covid-19 pandemic.
The Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning Model Through Providing Generic Science Skill in Organic Chemistry Reaction Subject
Authors: Dibyantini R E , Suyanti R D , Silaban R
Published: March 2021

Problem Based Learning is one of the teaching models that require students to be active, collaborative, student-centered, develop their problem-solving skills, and independent learning. This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the problem-based learning model by providing generic chemistry skills (MPBM-PKGK) in organic chemistry reaction subjects as well as finding out students’ responses to the application of the developed model. The subject of this study was students of the chemistry education study program who took organic chemistry reaction subject. It was divided into two groups, one of them was the experimental group, taught by using a problem-based learning model through providing generic chemistry skills while the other was the control group, taught by using the direct instruction model. The data were obtained by using a pre-test, post-test, and questionnaire. The results showed that the increase in the generic chemistry abilities of students using MPBM-PKGK was higher than the direct instruction model, meaning that MPBM-PKGK was effectively used in improving mastery of the concept of organic chemical reactions. While the students’ responses on the application of MPBM-PKGK agreed and content to the developed model. It was shown from the attention aspect, adding concept, students’ involvement in the teaching-learning process, students’ thinking skills as well as expected that the MPBM-PKGK model can be used continually.
Analysis of Technology Acceptance of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System in The Regional Office of PT. XYZ Throughout Indonesia
Authors: Billyan B F , Irawan M I
Published: March 2021

The companies that are starting to renew their system using the ERP-based systems, since 2000, the percentage of success reached 75%, and 25% is a failure. The ERP implements have several issues, such as the quality of human resources, not user-friendly system, incorrect format for data recording, system errors, unstable connections, a long-time process in the system, etc. Related to the issue, the company, which is a provider in the ERP SAP marketing, assists by local support to help end-users regarding the recording of selected divisions that use this system for daily work. It makes the researcher do the analysis related to what factors influence the ERP SAP acceptance technology with local support or implementor as a support for users of those companies in the regional office. In this study, to analyze the ERP system’s acceptance technology factors, we use the UTAUT2 method with two additional constructed variables, Trust and Learning Value, and for analyzing those hypotheses, we use the PLS-SEM method. The study results show that several variable factors significantly influence the technology acceptance of the ERP SAP in PT. XYZ, which is Hedonic Motivation, Price Value, and Habit. Local support associated with Effort Expectancy and Social Influence variables does not significantly influence the system’s acceptance. Researchers recommend that three factors should be considered more closely by the ERP system providers as a material reference that is related to the further strategy development and system development, such as improving the quality of human resources, etc.
Feasibility Study on the implementation of room control automation to realize smart green buildings
Authors: Arfiansyah T , Arifin A S
Published: March 2021

Currently, the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is at the highest level. One of the causes is the waste of electricity used. One of the most significant contributors to electrical energy consumption is in the High Rise Building (HRB) sector. This paper proposed an automation system in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, lightings systems, and electronic systems, especially in the guest room area, where electrical energy consumption very much depends on the guest’s behavior. The purpose of the proposed system is to save energy and to realize smart green buildings. The result shows that the proposed system provided an average energy saving of 294.882 kWh per month. This system could save the cost of electricity bills by 21,38% each month. Those results confirmed that the implementation of a room control automation system is feasible to realize smart green buildings.
Detection of Infrasonic Frequency Loudspeaker Using Microwave Motion Sensor Module
Authors: Zaki D , Yudaningtyas E , Siwindarto P , Djuriatno W
Published: March 2021

In the last few decades, research on loudspeakers, especially at low frequencies and infrasound, has made significant developments. Among them, the loudspeaker is used as a low-frequency mechanical signal generator to simulate human arterial pulses. An electret condenser microphone (ECM), one of the alternative sensors that will be used to measure the arterial pulse which is simulated by the loudspeaker. Interestingly, neither the mechanical signal generator nor the sensor that will be used has data on infrasonic frequencies or it can be concluded that both of them have not been calibrated. This paper proposes that the infrasonic signal generated by a moving coil loudspeaker can be observed using a calibrated sensor, a microwave motion sensor. The main contribution of this study is to find the infrasonic loudspeaker frequency response data used in previous studies so that it can be used as a compensator to calibrate ECM as an alternative arterial pulse sensor. Microwave motion sensors have basic concepts such as the Doppler effect principle, which reads an object based on its displacement. Microwave motion sensors can observe the movement of the diaphragm cone of the loudspeaker requires several supporting instruments, including a signal conditioning circuit and an undisturbed environment. In the end, the microwave motion sensor can observe infrasonic acoustic waves and get a compensator value for the ECM as an alternative arterial pulse sensor.
Analysis K-Means Clustering to Predicting Student Graduation
Authors: Wati M , Rahmah W H , Novirasari N , Haviluddin  , Budiman E , Islamiyah
Published: March 2021

The prediction of students’ graduation outcomes has been an important field for higher education institutions because it provides planning for them to develop and expand any strategic programs that can help to improve student academics performance. Data mining techniques can cluster student academics performance in predicting student graduation. The aim of this study is to analysis the performance of data mining techniques for predicting students’ graduation using the K-Means clustering algorithm. The data pre-processing used for data cleaning, and data reducing using Principle Component Analysis to determine any variables that affect the graduation time. This algorithm processes datasets of student academics performance numbering 241 students with 16 variables. Based on the clustering using K-means, the highest accuracy rate is 78.42% in the 3-cluster model and the smallest accuracy rate is 16.60% in the 4-cluster model. The influential variable in predicting student graduation based on the value of the loading factor is the GPA total of the 1st to 6th semester.
Applications of marine collagens in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Lin Zhidong , Tao Yu , Huang Yue , Xu Tao , Niu Wei
Published: March 2021

For decades, collagen has been among the most widely used biomaterials with several biomedical applications. Recently, researchers have shown a keen interest in collagen obtained from marine sources because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of extractability, safety, low immunogenicity, and low production costs. A wide variety of marine collagen-based scaffolds have been developed for bone tissue engineering, and these scaffolds display excellent biological effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the biological effects of marine collagen in bone engineering, such as promoting osteogenesis and collagen synthesis, inhibiting inflammation, inducing the differentiation of cartilage, and improving bone mineral density. Marine collagen holds great promise as a biomaterial in bone tissue engineering.
Coastal Erosion Management by Implementing Concept of Building with Nature (BwN) in Demak Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Bumi I S , Widyaningtias  , Adityawan M B
Published: March 2021

Coastal erosion that occurring in the north coast of Java, led to significant coastline erosion. One of the areas that run into the coastline erosion is Demak Regency. To overcome the problem, the concept of Building with Nature (BwN) is proposed. This concept uses the media from nature to reduce the wave energy and being sediment trap. BwN has applied in Demak Regency, exactly in Sayung village since 2013. According to the evaluation, the BwN was able to capture sediment of 0.4 cm/year. The amount of sediment is expected to be increased by adding the number of BwN and change the pattern of BwN. To determine the amount of increased sediment, a model using the DELFT3D software is utilized. The data used in the model is based on field measurement data in 2016. BwN in the model is defined as thin dam. The results show that the average amount of sediment around BwN after adding two BwN in front of the existing BwN increase to 0,6 cm/year. This solution is expected to help the faster shoreline restoration in Demak coast.
Study of the effect on the addition of anti-slamming bulbous bow to total resistance in tugging supply vessel using CFD
Authors: Kiryanto  , Chrismianto Deddy , Hadi Eko Sasmito , Firdhaus Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Anti-Slamming Bulbous Bow (ASB) is a bulbous bow that has been modified according to the Anti-Slamming principle. For waters that have varying wave heights, for example, in the East Nusa Tenggara region where waters meet the criteria for the application of anti-slamming technology and are related to the existence of several offshore buildings and the use of tugging supply vessels (AHTS) for the benefit of the region. This research was conducted to determine the effect of installing anti-slamming bulbous bow and Anti-slamming height on the total resistance of the ship using numerical methods with the help of CFD software. The method used is to vary the height of anti-slamming and the type of bulbous bow on the bow of the ship. Ship modeling is carried out with CAD Software, and while the obstacle analysis uses CFD Tdyn software. Based on the analysis that has been done, the effect of the anti-slamming bulbous bow on the total resistance value of the ship without an anti-slamming bulbous bow is reduced by 3.75%. The ship model, with the use of the anti-slamming bulbous bow, which has the smallest total resistance, is the ship with the form of anti-slimming bulbous bow type Delta (Δ - Type).
The Combination of Reliability and Predictive Tools to Determine Ship Engine Performance based on Condition Monitoring
Authors: Zaman M B , Siswantoro N , Priyanta D , Pitana T , Prastowo H , Semin  , Busse W
Published: March 2021

The evolution of maintenance has experienced developments in the fourth generation since the beginning of 2000 to the present. The fourth generation is the latest generation that focuses on condition based maintenance, condition monitoring and failure eliminations. The maintenance strategy in the fourth generation aims to reduce the failure rate of an equipment by reducing the probability, based on preventive and predictive approaches. In this research, a maintenance approach was carried out by predicting the results of condition monitoring on ship engine to ensure performance. The concept developed is to use a combination of reliability tools for criticality assessment and predictive tools to determine diagnostic assessments. Reliability tool for criticality assessment is the Failure Mode and Effect Criticality Analysis (FMECA) based on the fuzzy logic approach. FMECA’s bottom-up approach is intended to explore failure modes that provide potential failure in the main engine system. The fuzzy logic theory added to FMECA accommodates uncertainty due to obscure information as well as subjective preference elements that are used in the assessment of failure modes. The predictive assessment process uses the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) approach using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. ANN has advantages for self-learning, adaptivity, fault tolerance, nonlinearity, and advancement in input to an output mapping. The results of the current diagnostic assessment indicate the condition of the main engine is still normal. However, the trending of exhaust gas temperature prediction shows an increase, combustion and compression pressure which shows a decrease need to be prepared for determining the inspection/survey schedule. In this research, predictive assessment using an Artificial Neural Network based on Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) has been validated with an error of less than 5%.
Evaluation of the Sediment Trap Structure Performance in the Saddang Irrigation
Authors: Adhi R A , Ontowirjo B
Published: March 2021

Irrigation canals require desilting basin to reduce sediment deposits in the main irrigation canals. The capacity of the Saddang River Irrigation Canal will be increased by 30% to accommodate long-term irrigation discharge needs. To optimize the ability of the desilting basin to trap suspended sediments, an evaluation was carried out using the 2-D finite-volume numerical method for hydrodynamic and sediment transport models. It solves the 2-D dynamic wave equations (the standard depth-averaged St.Venant equations) that are mainly used for river simulation. In addition, the diffusive wave solver is used for watershed runoff simulation and river simulation. The Community Edition SRH-2D model uses a flexible mesh that may contain arbitrarily quadrilateral and triangular cells. A hybrid mesh may achieve the best compromise between solution accuracy and computing demand. The SRH-2D Model solved variables include water surface elevation, water depth, depth averaged velocity, Froude number, and bed shear stress. Sediment Transport Model solved variables include sediment concentration, erosion and deposition, bed elevation, sediment transport rates, bed material D50 size, and bed material gradations. The optimization of the model is useful for improving the lining channel, flushing time period and the performance of the sediment trap.
Safety Case Development For Risk Management Of Offshore Pipeline
Authors: Silvianita  , Fahreza Inzaghi M , Rosyid Daniel M. , Dhanistha Wimala L.
Published: March 2021

Offshore pipeline is an indispensable component that plays a huge role in the distribution of hydrocarbon products. Thus, it is necessary to prevent any kind of incidents that may bring harm to the offshore pipeline system. Therefore, this paper is intended to develop the structure of Safety Case Document which provides preventions and mitigations actions and formulate risk management approach for offshore pipeline. Offshore pipeline that was specifically being used as a data in this project is located at Northeast of Java Sea and possesses 1 km of length. This pipeline has sustain from pipeline leakage, therefore this paper will identify the risk assessment for pipeline damage.. The methods that was being involved in this project are as follows; HAZID to identify the cause of the failure of the pipeline and Fuzzy FMEA to determine the Risk Priority Number in order to find out the priority of each failure cause. HAZID also useful to provide the necessary prevention and mitigation actions in accordance to each cause and subsequently being structured as a Safety Case Document.
CFD Modelling of Soot Formation and Entrainment Processes in Diesel Engine Combustion of Soy, Palm and Coconut Methyl Esters
Authors: Tan S M , Ng H K , Gan S
Published: March 2021

The aim of this work is to employ computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling to elucidate the soot formation and entrainment processes when diesel as well as soy, palm and coconut methyl esters (biodiesel) are used in a light-duty diesel engine under varying operating conditions. ANSYS FLUENT 13, which is linked to a chemical kinetic model via CHEMKIN-CFD, a plug-in chemistry solver, is utilised. The soot entrainment focuses on thermophoretic soot deposition on the cylinder liner and soot transport into the crevice region via blowby. During the closed cycle combustion process, the mass of soot deposited on liner via thermophoresis is more significant than that transported into the crevice region through blowby, representing at least 95% of the total soot entrained. The percentage of entrained soot from the net amount of exhaust soot is dependent on the methyl ester type. Diesel results in the maximum soot entrainment with the largest averaged diameter while coconut methyl esters with short hydrocarbon chain length produces the smallest amount and size of entrained soot. Different saturation levels give rise to different soot entrainment processes under varying operating conditions. Overall, this work provides detailed insights into the main in-cylinder processes controlling soot entrainment for biodiesels.
Influence of Different Catalysts on Coal Char-CO2 Gasification
Authors: Zhang G , Suo X L , Sheng J G , Tan X
Published: March 2021

The influence of catalyst Fe(NO3)3, CaO and composite catalysts on the thermostatic gasification process of char-CO2 at atmospheric pressure were studied in this paper. The experimental conclusions Indicate that the catalytic effect of CaO is stronger than that of Fe(NO3)3 at relatively low gasification temperatures. As the gasification temperature increases, the catalytic gap between the two catalysts decreases. The catalytic effect of the composite catalyst at lower gasification temperatures is between the single component catalysts CaO and Fe(NO3)3. When the gasification temperature exceeds 850°C, the promoting effect of the composite catalyst is better than that of the to single-component catalysts. After adding composite catalyst, the time of the coal char is shorter by 103 minutes than the original char, which is shortened by 18 minutes compared with the two single-component catalysts, and the gasification temperature is lowered by 100°C, lower than 120°C of one-component CaO, and higher than 90°C of Fe(NO3)3.
A Modified SVM Strategy for Single-Phase Cascaded Photovoltaic Inverter
Authors: Xiong L , Zhu Y J , Zhang W Y
Published: March 2021

The DC voltage imbalance of a single-phase cascaded photovoltaic inverter will decrease the quality of output voltage. The general modulation method needs to add power balance control to restrain the imbalance and make the control system complicated. To address the issue, a modified Space Vector Modulation (SVM) method is presented in this paper. The modulation method combines the DC voltage control of each unit with the modulation method to achieve DC voltage control of each unit in vector selection, eliminating the need for additional power balance control, thereby simplifying the control system. The modified space vector modulation can not only make the DC voltage rapidly track the DC voltage instruction of each cell through vector selection but also ensure the quality of output voltage waveform when the DC voltage of each cell is imbalanced. The effectiveness of the modified SVM method is verified, and the simulation model has built by using MATLAB/Simulink.
Design of High Voltage Static Reactive Power Generator Based on SPWM Technology
Authors: Fan L Y , Jiang Y H , Xu A F , Zhao M Z , Fang S A
Published: March 2021

In order to verify the compensation effect of high voltage static var generator. The system structure of cascaded H-bridge is adopted. The bipolar CPS-SPWM and monopole frequency doubling CPS-SPWM modulation modes are compared by simulation. The instantaneous reactive power detection principle is derived theoretically. The reactive power can be compensated quickly by using monopole frequency doubling CPS-SPWM modulation mode and instantaneous reactive power detection. Using Matlab/Simulink to build 10kv High-voltage SVG, the fast and accurate reactive power compensation is realized under the switching of inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power. The reliability of the design is verified by simulation.
Optimal Scheduling of Pumped Storage in Power System with Large-scale Photovoltaic Based on Carbon Emissions Trading
Authors: Yang T M , Wang Y H , Yang B , Liang Y , Gao J , Ji X
Published: March 2021

In order to improve the photovoltaic penetration of the power system, an optimal scheduling model of pumped storage system with large-scale photovoltaic based on carbon trading is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the analysis of low-carbon economy, the stepped carbon emission trading mechanism is introduced into the economic dispatch of power system. And in order to improve the calculating efficiency, an improved K-means clustering algorithm based on maximum and minimum distance criterion is proposed to cluster the photovoltaic power generation scenarios. Then the optimal scheduling model is established. Take the lowest comprehensive operation costs of the system as the objective function, and the operation economy and low carbon of the system are considered. The pumped storage is used as energy storage for peak load shaving in the generation system. At last, an improved IEEE RTS-96 system is taken to finish the case study, and the simulation results show that the model proposed in this paper is reasonable and effective.
Study on Local Measurement Method of Bus Short Circuit Capacity in Substation
Authors: Xu X , Deng P , Chen Z
Published: March 2021

The short-circuit capacity of the bus is a key parameter required for the operation and control of the power system. Online measurement of the short-circuit capacity is crucial for the observability and controllability of the power grid. In this paper, it is proposed that the bus voltage disturbance can be caused by switching on and off the parallel capacitor. According to the voltage disturbance, the on-line measurement of the short circuit capacity of the power grid can be performed. Based on the circuit model of the substation, using the substitution theorem and superposition principle of the linear circuit, the accurate calculation method of bus short-circuit capacity measurement is derived. It is revealed that the phase change of the voltage vector caused by the capacitor switching is the key factor affecting the measurement accuracy. It breaks through the approximate formulas of previous studies. The proposed measurement method has high accuracy; an iterative calculation method for the phase difference of the voltage vector is proposed. The method is more convenient and reliable than direct measurement. Based on MATLAB / Simulink, the substation bus and online measurement model are established. Simulation analysis of various scenarios shows that the proposed method has a measurement error of less than 1%, which is technically easy to implement and practically promote.
Experimental Study on Performance of Trough Solar Thermal Power Station
Authors: Yu Y L , Dai Y Y , Han Y , Wang Y K , Cai B , Rong J
Published: March 2021

With the large number of construction and commercial operation of trough solar thermal power station, the performance test standard and test method of trough solar power station are still missing and imperfect. For the heat storage heat exchange system of trough type solar thermal power station, the index system of heat exchange efficiency, heat storage time and heat collection efficiency are constructed, and the work contents of performance test and technical index are improved. Learn from the idea and concept of performance acceptance test of thermal power generation equipment system in power industry, combined with many years of relevant work experience. It is expected to bring reference and guidance to relevant technical personnel and peers.
Design of Distribution Automation Master Station System Integration Scheme Based on “n + 1” Architecture
Authors: Xia D , Sun B H , Zhu L , Wang B H , Zhou Y H
Published: March 2021

More and more network and provincial companies within the State Grid have adopted the “n + 1” architecture, that is, the deployment of production control at the regional and municipal levels, and the centralized deployment of information management at the provincial level to build the distribution automation master station system. The main station system of information management regional can independently evolve into the distribution cloud main station. In response to the construction trend of “n + 1” architecture, an integrated scheme’ of distribution automation master station system based on “n + 1” mode is proposed, and it is verified and analyzed on the new generation of distribution master station system constructed by State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Company. The verification and analysis on the above show that this integrated solution can solve the problems of cross-regional data synchronization and distributed data storage based on the “N+1” mode of the power distribution master station system, while avoiding the repeated construction of the information management area. At the same time, this construction mode can reduce operating costs, improve the efficiency of distribution network data utilization. At present, this scheme has been applied in Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu and Shanghai Electric Power Company, has a strong demonstration.
Effects of co-fermentation and sequential malolactic fermentation on antioxidant activities and phenolic components of red-fleshed apple cider
Authors: Li Cui-Xia , Zhao Xian-Hua , Chen Xue-Sen
Published: March 2021

Red-fleshed apple (Malus niedzwetzkyana dieck) was used as the fermentation material, and the fermentation mode of red-fleshed apple cider was studied by using alcohol fermentation as control (CK), simultaneous malolactic fermentation (SIM) and sequential MLF (SEQ). The main chemical parameters, antioxidant activities and sensory quality were analyzed to evaluate the quality of red-fleshed apple cider. Compared with the cider without lactic acid bacteria, the total phenolics contents (TPC) and total anthocyanins contents (TAC) in MLF apple cider were significantly decreased, while the total flavonoids content (TFC) were significantly increased. Among them, the TPC and TAC in apple cider obtained by SIM were the highest, while the TFC in apple cider obtained by SEQ. In addition, compared with the control group, the pH of cider obtained by SEQ and SIM was significantly increased by about 0.25 units, while the total acidity was significantly decreased. Therefore the taste of cider obtained from SIM and SEQ were significantly improved, and the cider obtained by SIM got the highest score by sensory analysis, which scored the highest for floral and fruitiness notes. These results indicated that SIM was an effective way to produce red-fleshed apple cider.
Study on the fresh-keeping effect of domestic vase solution on Gladiolus cut flowers
Authors: Liu Jian-Jun , Cheng Li-Jun , Shu Ze-Bing , Wang Shi-Min , Shi Rui
Published: March 2021

According to the basic principle and method of cut flowers preservation, orthogonal experimental design was carried out to study the preservation effect of domestic vase solution made of sugar, aspirin and lemon juice on Gladiolus cut flowers. The results showed that J7 containing 20 g L−1 white granulated sugar and 28 ml L−1 lemon juice could significantly prolong the vase life of Gladiolus cut flowers, promote the opening of florets, improve the daily ornamental value, increase the fresh weight of spray, maintain the water balance and water content of petals, delay the decomposition of protein and the production of malondialdehyde, which was the best domestic vase solution.
Preparation and in vitro evaluation of matrine nanoparticles
Authors: Mao Yuedong , Jin Qing
Published: March 2021

For improving the therapeutic effect as well as bioavailability exhibited by the matrine drugs, and meanwhile enhancing patients’ compliance, the emulsion evaporation-low temperature curing method was adopted to prepare matrine nanoparticles and the prepared matrine nanoparticles underwent lyophilization treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was carried out to determine the morphology of matrine nanoparticles, and characterized for particle size and in vitro release. The chemical stability of matrine nanoparticles were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show,the obtained nanoparticles presented amorphous structure, with the particle size of prepared matrine nanoparticles averaged 164 nm and that of the lyophilized preparations averaged 259 nm following the reconstitution. As shown by the in vitro evaluation, both of them exhibited uniform size, spherical shape, and strong chemical and physical stability. Based on the in vitro release results, matrine nanoparticles could continuously release for as long as 48 hours and based on the release kinetics, matrine nanoparticles meet the first-order kinetic release and follow the Ritger-peppas equation.
Identification of chemical components in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae by HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Liu Ming-Shi , Geng Lu-Lu , Meng Fan-Xin , Qin Shu-Zhi , Wu Li-Yan , Sun Hao-Yang
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a novel approach using HPLC-MS/MS (high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) was established for the identification of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (PCR). The identities of the components were researched by comparing the mass spectra and retention times with those of reference compounds and mass fragments with those of the known compounds published in literature. Based on the proposed strategy, ten constituents were identified. The established HPLC-MS/MS method could identify the major constituents in PCR with high efficiency and sensitivity. The new method would be suitable for the chemical identification of main components from Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae.
The eradication effects of pullorum disease on chicken flocks mortality in 297 large-scale farms in China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yang Lin , Zhang Miao-Jie , Fang Xiang-Ming , Liu Yu-Mei
Published: March 2021

Pullorum disease (PD) can cause infection and spread of disease through horizontal propagation between individuals and vertical propagation by hatching eggs to the next generations, regardless of the variety and age, chickens are extremely susceptible to this disease. PD could be prevented, controlled, and eliminated by eradication at both farm and national levels through a strict procedure on positive animals, and healthy animals nurturing. Using sample data from 297 large-scale chicken farms in China during 2011-2015, we recognize the relationship between the eradication effect of PD and chicken flocks mortality based on panel Tobit, fixed effect, and random effect models. By comparing large-scale chicken farms that carrying out eradication of PD or not, we identified how eradication affected chicken flocks mortality. Further, we distinguished the eradication effects of PD on the mortality of chicken flocks with different scales. The results showed that, firstly, eradicating PD could effectively reduce flocks mortality with an average decrease of 0.400% compared with uneradicated farms. Secondly, the farm with a raising-scale ranging from 34,400 to 132,400 chickens exhibits optimal eradication effects. Although we could not extrapolate to all China’s chicken farms, these findings suggest that the mortality would be decreased when carrying out the eradication of PD. Eradicating PD in undersized or oversized chicken farms both probably cause diseconomies of scale.
A review: achievements and new obstacles in China’s food security revealed by grain and animal meat production
Authors: Yang Chaowu , Jiang Xiaosong , Du Huarui , Li Qingyun , Zhang Zengrong , Qiu Mohan , Yu Chunlin
Published: March 2021

Food security represents that everyone is able to purchase and afford enough food necessary for survival and health at any time, which closely connects with harmonious society, stable policies and sustainable economic growth and plays a significant role in heavily populated countries such as China. Currently, while providing 1.4 billion people with adequate food, China has greatly enhanced people’s nutrition and living quality. However, as economy develops, Chinese people are no longer satisfied with fulling up. In this research, China’s achievements in food security are reviewed, including yields of grain and meat, food consumption and poverty elimination. Additionally, the strategies to safeguard food security in China are identified, including safeguarding the quantity and quality of arable land, farmers’ interests, meat production and food reserves. Finally, major obstacles in China’s food security revealed by grain and meat production in the new era are analyzed. Meanwhile, it is argued that the food security will not disappear as a permanent topic because food is enough temporarily; therefore, some implementation suggestions are put forward based on current situation and trend of food security.
Research process of groundwater in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Niu Yongzhen , Weng Baisha , Gong Xiaoyan
Published: March 2021

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the “third Pole” of the world, is the birthplace of many great rivers, including the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Nu River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and other world famous rivers. Under the background of global warming, the hydrogeological conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been changed to some extent. The degradation of frozen soil and melting of glaciers have a significant impact on the recharge and runoff discharge of groundwater, leading to changes in the dynamic characteristics of groundwater, and thus have a certain impact on the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the evolution law and development trend of groundwater resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper reviews the past research work on groundwater in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, summarizes the technical methods used in groundwater research, and puts forward the development trend of groundwater research in the future.
The ‘circular inference’ model of schizophrenia gets pulled into the orbit of social cognition
Authors: Seriès Peggy
Published: March 2021

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Taking others into account: combining directly experienced and indirect information in schizophrenia’ by Simonsen et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awab065).
3D printing of functional nerve guide conduits
Authors: Huang Yulan , Wu Wenbi , Liu Haofan , Chen Yuwen , Li Bo , Gou Zhiyuan , Li Xun , Gou Maling
Published: March 2021

Nerve guide conduits (NGCs), as alternatives to nerve autografts and allografts, have been widely explored as an advanced tool for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. However, the repairing efficiency of NGCs still needs significant improvements. Functional NGCs that provide a more favorable microenvironment for promoting axonal elongation and myelination are of great importance. In recent years, 3D printing technologies have been widely applied in the fabrication of customized and complex constructs, exhibiting great potential for tissue engineering applications, especially for the construction of functional NGCs. In this review, we introduce the 3D printing technologies for manufacturing functional NGCs, including inkjet printing, extrusion printing, stereolithography-based printing and indirect printing. Further, we summarize the current methods and strategies for constructing functional NGCs, such as designing special conduit architectures, using appropriate materials and co-printing with different biological cues. Finally, the challenges and prospects for construction of functional NGCs are also presented.
Efficiency Correction Is Required for Accurate Quantitative PCR Analysis and Reporting
Authors: Ruijter Jan M , Barnewall Rebecca J , Marsh Ian B , Szentirmay Andrew N , Quinn Jane C , van Houdt Robin , Gunst Quinn D , van den Hoff Maurice J B
Published: March 2021

Background

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) aims to measure the DNA or RNA concentration in diagnostic and biological samples based on the quantification cycle (Cq) value observed in the amplification curves. Results of qPCR experiments are regularly calculated as if all assays are 100% efficient or reported as just Cq, ΔCq, or ΔΔCq values.

Contents

When the reaction shows specific amplification, it should be deemed to be positive, regardless of the observed Cq. Because the Cq is highly dependent on amplification efficiency that can vary among targets and samples, accurate calculation of the target quantity and relative gene expression requires that the actual amplification efficiency be taken into account in the analysis and reports. PCR efficiency is frequently derived from standard curves, but this approach is affected by dilution errors and hampered by properties of the standard and the diluent. These factors affect accurate quantification of clinical and biological samples used in diagnostic applications and collected in challenging conditions. PCR efficiencies determined from individual amplification curves avoid these confounders. To obtain unbiased efficiency-corrected results, we recommend absolute quantification with a single undiluted calibrator with a known target concentration and efficiency values derived from the amplification curves of the calibrator and the unknown samples.

For meaningful diagnostics or biological interpretation, the reported results of qPCR experiments should be efficiency corrected. To avoid ambiguity, the Minimal Information for Publications on Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines checklist should be extended to require the methods that were used (1) to determine the PCR efficiency and (2) to calculate the reported target quantity and relative gene expression value.
Validation of the ‘Inflammatory Bowel Disease—Distribution, Chronicity, Activity [IBD-DCA] Score’ for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn´s Disease
Authors: Lang-Schwarz Corinna , Angeloni Miriam , Agaimy Abbas , Atreya Raja , Becker Christoph , Dregelies Theresa , Danese Silvio , Fléjou Jean-François , Gaßler Nikolaus , Grabsch Heike I , Hartmann Arndt , Kamarádová Kateřina , Kühl Anja A , Lauwers Gregory Y , Lugli Alessandro , Nagtegaal Iris , Neurath Markus F , Oberhuber Georg , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Rath Timo , Riddell Robert , Rubio Carlos A , Sheahan Kieran , Siegmund Britta , Tilg Herbert , Villanacci Vincenzo , Westerhoff Maria , Ferrazzi Fulvia , Vieth Michael
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims

Histological scoring plays a key role in the assessment of disease activity in ulcerative colitis [UC] and is also important in Crohn´s disease [CD]. Currently, there is no common scoring available for UC and CD. We aimed to validate the Inflammatory Bowel Disease [IBD]—Distribution [D], Chronicity [C], Activity [A] score [IBD-DCA score] for histological disease activity assessment in IBD.

Methods

Inter- and intra-rater reliability were assessed by 16 observers on biopsy specimens from 59 patients with UC and 25 patients with CD. Construct validity and responsiveness to treatment were retrospectively evaluated in a second cohort of 30 patients.

Results

Inter-rater reliability was moderate to good for the UC cohort (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] = 0.645, 0.623, 0.767 for D, C, and A, respectively) and at best moderate for the CD cohort [ICC = 0.690, 0.303, 0.733 for D, C, and A, respectively]. Intra-rater agreement ranged from good to excellent in both cohorts. Correlation with the Nancy Histological Index [NHI] was moderate and strong with the Simplified Geboes Score [SGS] and a Visual Analogue Scale [VAS], respectively. Large effect sizes were obtained for all three parameters. External responsiveness analysis revealed correlated changes between IBD-DCA score and NHI, SGS and VAS.

Conclusions

The IBD-DCA score is a simple histological activity score for UC and CD, agreed and validated by a large group of IBD specialists. It provides reliable information on treatment response. Therefore, it has potential value for use in routine diagnostics as well as clinical studies.