bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Structure and Reactivity of Hydrothermally Prepared Bi−Mo−Co−Fe−O Catalysts in Selective Propylene and Isobutene Oxidation
Authors: Klag Linda , Baumgarten Lorena , Gaur Abhijeet , Sheppard Thomas L. , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk
Published: February 2024

The elucidation of structure‐activity correlations in selective oxidation of propylene and isobutene over mixed metal oxides (MMO) is attractive for knowledge‐based catalyst design and process optimisation. Particularly, 4‐component Bi−Mo−Co−Fe−O catalysts need to be studied since their complex metal oxide phase mixture leads to higher activity and selectivity than 2‐component Bi−Mo−O. Hence, three Bi−Mo−Co−Fe‐oxides with different metal ratios were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and compared during selective oxidation tests with propylene and isobutene. The active phases after several days on stream were investigated by synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, while the structural evolution under reaction conditions was followed by operando Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron XRD, and multi‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Similar structural transformations were observed during selective oxidation of propylene and isobutene, with similar influence on catalytic performance. A phase mixture of β‐CoMoO4/β‐Co0.7Fe0.3MoO4, γ‐Bi2MoO6, Fe3O4 and Bi3FeMo2O12 was observed, whereby high amounts of β‐CoMoO4/β‐Co0.7Fe0.3MoO4 increased selectivity to acrolein/methacrolein. In contrast, high amounts of γ‐Bi2MoO6 and Fe3O4 favoured total oxidation to CO and CO2. The simultaneous presence of β‐CoMoO4/β‐Co0.7Fe0.3MoO4, Bi3FeMo2O12 and Fe2O3 increased selectivity to methacrolein in isobutene oxidation, whereas no comparative increase in acrolein selectivity was observed in propylene oxidation. This suggests different key active phases in both reactions.
Small Molecule Antagonists of the DNA Repair ERCC1/XPA Protein‐Protein Interaction
Authors: Obermann Robert , Yemane Bereket , Jarvis Cassie , Franco Francisco M. , Kyriukha Yevhenii , Nolan William , Gohara Beth , Krezel Andrzej M. , Wildman Scott A. , Janetka James W.
Published: February 2024

The DNA excision repair protein ERCC1 and the DNA damage sensor protein, XPA are highly overexpressed in patient samples of cisplatin‐resistant solid tumors including lung, bladder, ovarian, and testicular cancer. The repair of cisplatin‐DNA crosslinks is dependent upon nucleotide excision repair (NER) that is modulated by protein‐protein binding interactions of ERCC1, the endonuclease, XPF, and XPA. Thus, inhibition of their function is a potential therapeutic strategy for the selective sensitization of tumors to DNA‐damaging platinum‐based cancer therapy. Here, we report on new small‐molecule antagonists of the ERCC1/XPA protein‐protein interaction (PPI) discovered using a high‐throughput competitive fluorescence polarization binding assay. We discovered a unique structural class of thiopyridine‐3‐carbonitrile PPI antagonists that block a truncated XPA polypeptide from binding to ERCC1. Preliminary hit‐to‐lead studies from compound 1 reveal structure‐activity relationships (SAR) and identify lead compound 27 o with an EC50 of 4.7 μM. Furthermore, chemical shift perturbation mapping by NMR confirms that 1 binds within the same site as the truncated XPA67–80 peptide. These novel ERCC1 antagonists are useful chemical biology tools for investigating DNA damage repair pathways and provide a good starting point for medicinal chemistry optimization as therapeutics for sensitizing tumors to DNA damaging agents and overcoming resistance to platinum‐based chemotherapy.
Studies on the Process of Basic Dyes Adsorption on Uniform Spherical Carbons
Authors: Sternik Dariusz , Wasilewska Małgorzata , Derylo‐Marczewska Anna , Marczewski Adam W. , Gun'ko Volodymyr M.
Published: February 2024

The influence of carbon pore structure on the sorption process of selected cationic dyes has been investigated. The structure and surface of carbonaceous materials have been characterized basing on various techniques: scanning electron microscopy, low temperature nitrogen adsorption‐desorption measurements, X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermal analysis combined with identification of gaseous products. The kinetic and equilibrium adsorption measurements of Basic Violet 3, Basic Red 1 and Basic Blue 9 from aqueous media were performed. The studied carbons seem to be promising adsorbents towards dyes, taking into account the easy–to–use uniform spherical form of the granules and a complex type of porosity with micro‐, meso‐ and macropores appropriate for large molecule adsorption.
Investigation of AFeO3 (A=Ba, Sr) Perovskites for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Light Alkanes under Chemical Looping Conditions
Authors: Natesakhawat Sittichai , Popczun Eric J. , Baltrus John P. , Wang Kun , Serna Pedro , Liu Sophie , Meyer Randall , Lekse Jonathan W.
Published: February 2024

Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of light alkanes to produce C2−C3 olefins is a promising alternative to conventional steam cracking. Perovskite oxides are emerging as efficient catalysts for this process due to their unique properties such as high oxygen storage capacity (OSC), reversible redox behavior, and tunability. Here, we explore AFeO3 (A=Ba, Sr) bulk perovskites for the ODH of ethane and propane under chemical looping conditions (CL‐ODH). The higher OSC and oxygen mobility of SrFeO3 perovskite contributed to its higher activity but lower olefin selectivity than its Ba counterpart. However, SrFeO3 perovskite is superior in terms of cyclic stability over multiple redox cycles. Transformations of the perovskite to reduced phases including brownmillerite A2Fe2O5 were identified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) as a cause of performance degradation, which was fully reversible upon air regeneration. A pre‐desorption step was utilized to selectively tune the amount of lattice oxygen as a function of temperature and dwell time to enhance olefin selectivity while suppressing CO2 formation from the deep oxidation of propane. Overall, SrFeO3 exhibits promising potential for the CL‐ODH of light alkanes, and optimization through surface and structural modifications may further engineer well‐regulated lattice oxygen for maximizing olefin yield.
Intra and interatomic energy contributions in the photophysical relaxation of small aromatic molecules
Authors: Jara‐Cortés Jesús , Pérez‐Pimienta José A. , Park Jae Woo , Hernández‐Trujillo Jesús
Published: February 2024

A theoretical study of the non‐radiative photophysical relaxation mechanisms of the first singlet excited state of benzene, cyclobutadiene and fulvene is presented. For these molecules, the calculation of the Minimum Energy Path (MEP) leading from the Franck–Condon region to the surface crossing with the ground state is carried out. Subsequently, the decomposition of the electronic energies into atomic and pair contributions is performed using the Interacting Quantum Atom (IQA) method. The IQA approach provides the important mechanistic information necessary to rationalise some relevant aspects of the processes, such as the components that explain the appearance of an energy barrier or that favour the crossing between potential energy surfaces (PES); it also allows to quantify the direct effect on the MEP due to the inclusion of a substituent. In particular, it is shown how the IQA energies allow measuring the extent to which the formation of biradicaloid structures affects the crossing of the PES. The analysis of electron density functions suggests that aromaticity is not a driving force on the relaxation processes. Overall, this work shows the potential of the IQA method as a useful tool for the detailed description of photophysical processes.
Role of flow cytometric immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of breast implant‐associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A 6‐year, single‐institution experience
Authors: Chan Alexander , Auclair Romany , Gao Qi , Ghione Paola , Horwitz Steven , Dogan Ahmet , Roshal Mikhail , Lin Oscar
Published: February 2024

Breast implant‐associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA‐ALCL) is an uncommon mature T‐cell neoplasm occurring in patients with textured breast implants, typically after 7–10 years of exposure. Although cytopathologic or histopathologic assessment is considered the gold standard diagnostic method for BIA‐ALCL, flow cytometry (FC)‐based immunophenotyping is recommended as an adjunct test. However, the diagnostic efficacy of FC is not well reported. We reviewed 290 FC tests from breast implant pericapsular fluid and capsule tissue from 182 patients, including 16 patients with BIA‐ALCL over a 6‐year period, calculating diagnostic rates and test efficacy. FC showed an overall sensitivity of 75.9%, specificity of 100%, and negative and positive predictive values of 95.4% and 100%, respectively. Blinded expert review of false‐negative cases identified diagnostic pitfalls, improving sensitivity to 96.6%. Fluid samples had better rates of adequate samples for FC testing compared with tissue samples. Paired with FC testing of operating room (OR)‐acquired fluid samples, capsulectomy FC specimens added no diagnostic value in patients with concurrent fluid samples; no cases had positive capsule FC with negative fluid FC. Fluid samples are adequate for FC testing more often than tissue. Capsule tissue FC specimens do not improve FC efficacy when paired with OR‐acquired fluid FC samples and are often inadequate samples. FC is 100% specific for BIA‐ALCL and can serve as a confirmatory test but should not be the sole diagnostic method. Awareness of sample‐specific diagnostic pitfalls greatly improves the sensitivity of BIA‐ALCL testing by FC.
Olanzapine for young PEople with aNorexia nervosa (OPEN): A protocol for an open‐label feasibility study
Authors: Said Olena , Sengun Filiz Ece , Stringer Dominic , Applewhite Briana , Kellermann Vanessa , Mutwalli Hiba , Bektas Sevgi , Akkese Melahat Nur , Kumar Ashish , Carter Ben , Simic Mima , Sually Dilveer , Bentley Jessica , Young Allan H. , Madden Sloane , Byford Sarah , Landau Sabine , Lawrence Vanessa , Treasure Janet , Schmidt Ulrike , Nicholls Dasha , Himmerich Hubertus
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Antipsychotics are routinely prescribed off‐label for anorexia nervosa (AN) despite limited evidence. This article presents a protocol of a study aiming to assess the feasibility of a future definitive trial on olanzapine in young people with AN.

Methods and analysis

In an open‐label, one‐armed feasibility study, 55 patients with AN or atypical AN, aged 12–24, receiving outpatient, inpatient or day‐care treatment who are considered for olanzapine treatment will be recruited from NHS sites based in England. Assessments will be conducted at screening, baseline and at 8‐, 16 weeks, 6‐ and 12 months. Primary feasibility parameters will be proportions of patients who agree to take olanzapine and who adhere to treatment and complete study assessments. Qualitative methods will be used to explore acceptability of the intervention and study design. Secondary feasibility parameters will be changes in body mass index, psychopathology, side effects, health‐related quality of life, carer burden and proportion of participants who would enrol in a future randomised controlled trial. The study is funded by the National Institute for Health Research via Health Technology Assessment programme.

Discussion

Olanzapine for young PEople with aNorexia nervosa will inform a future randomised controlled trial on the efficacy and safety of prescribing olanzapine in young people with AN.
The combined effect of family environment and parents' characteristics on the use of food to soothe children
Authors: Lozano‐Casanova Mar , Sospedra Isabel , Oliver‐Roig Antonio , Richart‐Martinez Miguel , Gutierrez‐Hervas Ana
Published: February 2024

Parental feeding practices, such as the use of food to soothe, can be shaped by various factors, including the family environment and parents' psychological characteristics and capacities. To our knowledge, the combined effect of these factors has not been studied. Furthermore, parental feeding practices have mainly been studied in women, resulting in a gender gap in the research. This study aims to investigate the combined effect of family environment and parental characteristics on the likelihood of using food to soothe children, taking the gender of both parents into account. This cross‐sectional study included a sample of 846 parents (36.3% men) of 1‐year‐old children from different regions of Spain. Participants completed an online survey that included questionnaires to measure whether parents used food to soothe children, the family environment, parents' characteristics, and their psychological capacities. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations between the variables. The final model showed that, within the family environment, higher levels of dyadic adjustment between couples (OR = 0.965; p = .026) were associated with a reduced likelihood of using food to soothe children, whereas the psychological characteristic of parental fatigue (OR = 1.053; p = .007) appeared to be associated with an increased likelihood. Also associated with an increased likelihood of this practice were higher parental sense of competence (OR = 1.028; p = .029) and the attention dimension of emotional intelligence (OR = 1.043; p = .007). Our study suggests that using food to soothe children may be influenced by factors at different levels, from the quality and adjustment of the couple's relationship to parental fatigue, self‐competence, and emotional intelligence. For future research, it may be worthwhile contextualizing parental practices to gain a better understanding of children's behavior.
The Bitcoin price and Bitcoin price uncertainty: Evidence of Bitcoin price volatility
Authors: Köse Nezir , Yildirim Hakan , Ünal Emre , Lin Boqiang
Published: February 2024

This study examines the Bitcoin price by taking into account global factors, including the Chicago Board Options Exchange's Market Volatility Index (VIX), the US dollar index, the gold price, the oil price, and Bitcoin price volatility. The analysis is conducted using the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model. The variance decomposition findings revealed that the influence of the VIX on the Bitcoin price was initially restricted, but progressively intensified over time. Among the indicators, Bitcoin price volatility had the highest explanatory share in both daily and weekly data analysis. The impulse response functions demonstrated a statistically significant inverse relationship between the VIX and the Bitcoin price. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the Bitcoin price was mostly impacted by its own volatility. This implies that investing in Bitcoin requires a certain level of risk‐taking.
MNCs' corporate social irresponsibility and foreign subsidiary performance
Authors: Nuruzzaman N. , Makarius Erin E. , Mukherjee Debmalya , Gaur Ajai
Published: February 2024

Research Summary

Building on the cognitive view of stakeholder evaluation, we propose that multinational corporations' (MNCs') socially irresponsible acts transcend geographic boundaries and negatively affect foreign subsidiary performance. Moreover, we propose that foreign subsidiaries' product innovation and marketing campaigns create strategic noise in the information space that can mitigate the negative effect of MNCs' corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) incidents occurring elsewhere on the performance of their foreign subsidiaries. We test our arguments on 335 subsidiaries of 42 multinational grocery retailers from 18 different home countries. Our analyses, based on a sample of 2185 subsidiary‐year observations over the period of 9 years (2012–2020), largely support our core argument that CSI incidents negatively influence the sales growth of foreign subsidiaries.

Managerial Summary

This research underscores the importance for MNC managers to be cognizant of the potential fallout from CSI incidents. With the global spread of information, MNCs' misconduct that occurs elsewhere can quickly impact the sales growth of foreign subsidiaries. The study found that product or service innovations are more effective than marketing campaigns in managing reputational damage, emphasizing the value of genuine, capability‐enhancing strategies. Furthermore, the findings highlight the interconnectedness between socially responsible practices and innovation, suggesting that MNCs and their subsidiaries should focus on maintaining strong ethical standards while simultaneously fostering an environment conducive to innovation. This approach not only addresses the adverse effects of CSI but also strengthens the MNC's overall standing with its stakeholders.
Addressing the workforce crisis in (rural) social care: A scoping review
Authors: Carson Dean B. , Johansson Albert Brunet , Schaumberg Mia , Hurtig Anna‐Karin
Published: February 2024

Background

This scoping review identifies strategies potentially addressing the ‘workforce crisis’ in rural social care. The increasing global demand for social care has been coupled with widely recognised challenges in recruiting and retaining sufficient staff to provide this care. While the social care workforce crisis is a global phenomenon, it is particularly acute in rural areas.

Methods

The review identified 75 papers which (i) had been published since 2017, (ii) were peer reviewed, (iii) concerned social care, (iv) were relevant to rural settings, (v) referenced workforce shortages, and (vi) made recommendations for ways to address those shortages. Thematic synthesis was used to derive three analytical themes with a combined 17 sub‐themes applying to recommended strategies and evidence supporting those strategies.

Results

The most common strategies for addressing social care workforce shortages were to improve recruitment and retention (‘recruit and retain’) processes without materially changing the workforce composition or service models. Further strategies involved ‘revitalising’ the social care workforce through redeploying existing staff or identifying new sources of labour. A small number of strategies involved ‘re‐thinking’ social care service models more fundamentally. Very few papers specifically considered how these strategies might apply to rural contexts, and evidence for the effectiveness of strategies was sparse.

Conclusion

The review identifies a significant gap in the literature in relation to workforce innovation and placed‐based studies in rural social care systems. It is unlikely that the social care workforce crisis can be addressed through continuing attempts to recruit and retain workers within existing service models.
Elucidating systemic immune responses to acute and convalescent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children and elderly individuals
Authors: Rajamanickam Anuradha , Nathella Pavan Kumar , Venkataraman Aishwarya , Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini , Rajendraprasath Sasidaran , Devaleenal Bella D. , Pandiarajan Arul Nancy , Krishnakumar Gowshika , Venkat Ramanan Padmasani , Babu Subash
Published: February 2024

Background

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a causative pathogen of the COVID‐19 pandemic, affects all age groups. However, various studies have shown that COVID‐19 presentation and severity vary considerably with age. We, therefore, wanted to examine the differences between the immune responses of children with COVID‐19 and elderly COVID‐19 individuals.

Methods

We analyzed cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and acute phase proteins in acute and convalescent COVID‐19 children and the elderly with acute and convalescent COVID‐19.

Results

We show that most of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines (interferon [IFN]γ, interleukin [IL]‐2, tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNFα], IL‐1α, IFNα, IFNβ, IL‐6, IL‐12, IL‐3, IL‐7, IL‐1Ra, IL‐13, and IL‐10), chemokines (CCL4, CCL11, CCL19, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, and CXL10), growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor and CD40L) and acute phase proteins (C‐reactive protein, serum amyloid P, and haptoglobin) were decreased in children with acute COVID 19 as compared with elderly individuals. In contrast, children with acute COVID‐19 exhibited elevated levels of cytokines‐ IL‐1β, IL‐33, IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐25, growth factors—fibroblast growth factor‐2, platelet‐ derived growth factors‐BB, and transforming growth factorα as compared with elderly individuals. Similar, differences were manifest in children and elderly with convalescent COVID‐19.

Conclusion

Thus, COVID‐19 children are characterized by distinct cytokine/chemokine/growth factor/acute phase protein markers that are markedly different from elderly COVID‐19 individuals.
Gene expression associated with vaginal bleeding in women using the 52‐mg levonorgestrel hormonal intrauterine device: A prospective study
Authors: Torelli Flávia R. , Rodrigues‐Peres Raquel M. , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Bahamondes Luis , Juliato Cássia R. T.
Published: February 2024

Objective

To evaluate gene expression associated with vaginal bleeding in the 52‐mg hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) users.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a prospective study involving 100 women seeking to use the 52‐mg hormonal IUD for contraception. We excluded women with a history or current condition of abnormal uterine bleeding and who were unable to attend a 1‐year follow up. Women who expelled the device, removed it for reasons unrelated to vaginal bleeding, or were lost to follow up were discontinued. We collected endometrial biopsies immediately before IUD placement and assessed 20 selected genes using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Users maintained a uterine bleeding diary for 12 months following IUD insertion. For statistical analysis, participants were categorized into groups with or without vaginal bleeding at 3 and 12 months.

Results

Women with elevated CXCL9 expression had an 8.15‐fold higher likelihood of experiencing vaginal bleeding at 3 months (odds ratio [OR] 8.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.24–29.61, P = 0.001). At 12 months of follow up, women with increased TIMP1 expression had a 2.74‐fold higher chance of experiencing vaginal bleeding (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.08–6.95, P = 0.033). CXCL9 ≥ 1.5 and IL17A ≥ 0.68 were associated with a higher probability of vaginal bleeding at 3 months, while TIMP1 levels ≥0.943 were linked to an increased risk of bleeding at 12 months.

Conclusion

Users of the 52‐mg hormonal IUD with elevated relative CXCL9 expression face an increased risk of vaginal bleeding at 3‐month follow up, whereas those with heightened TIMP1 expression are more likely to experience vaginal bleeding at 12 months.
The new robotic system HUGO RAS for gynecologic surgery: First European experience from Gemelli Hospital
Authors: Gioè Alessandro , Monterossi Giorgia , Gueli Alletti Salvatore , Panico Giovanni , Campagna Giuseppe , Costantini Barbara , Naldini Angelica , Pedone Anchora Luigi , Oliva Riccardo , Mastrovito Sara , Fagotti Anna , Fanfani Francesco , Scambia Giovanni
Published: February 2024

Objective

To evaluate the safety and feasibility of the new surgical robot HUGO robotic assisted surgery (RAS) in a series of gynecologic surgical procedures.

Methods

Between March and October 2022, 138 patients treated at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy were enrolled in the study. All patients suitable for a minimally‐invasive approach were prospectively included and divided into two groups: Group 1 (78 patients) made up of patients operated on for uterine and/or adnexal pathologies, and Group 2 (60 patients) made up of patients treated for pelvic organ prolapse.

Results

In Group 1, median docking time (DT) was 5 min and median console time (CT) was 90 min. In two patients (2.6%) redocking was necessary. In two patients (2.6%), the surgeon continued the surgery laparoscopically. Intraoperative complications occurred in two surgeries (2.6%). In Group 2, median DT was 4 min and median CT was 134.5 min. In three patients (5%), redocking was necessary. In all patients, the surgery was successfully completed robotically without intraoperative complications.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates that the new HUGO RAS system for gynecologic surgery is safe with good results in terms of surgical efficacy and perioperative outcomes. Further studies are needed to investigate its use in other technical and surgical aspects.
Automated radiolabeling and handling of 177Lu‐ and 225Ac‐PSMA‐617 using a robotic pipettor
Authors: Ahn Shin Hye , Belanger Anthony P.
Published: February 2024

While automated modules for F‐18 and C‐11 radiosyntheses are standardized with features such as multiple reactors, vacuum connection and semi‐preparative HPLC, labeling and processing of compounds with radiometals such as Zr‐89, Lu‐177 and Ac‐225 often do not require complex manipulations and are frequently performed manually by a radiochemist. These procedures typically involve transferring solutions to and from vials using pipettes followed by heating of the reaction mixture, and do not require all the features found in most commercial automated synthesis units marketed as F‐18 or C‐11 modules. Here we present an efficient automated method for performing radiosyntheses involving radiometals by adapting a commercially available robotic pipettor originally developed for high‐throughput processing of biological samples. While a robotic pipettor is less costly than a radiosynthesis module, it holds many similar advantages over manual radiosynthesis such as minimization of operator error, lower operator exposure rates, and abbreviated synthesis times, among others. To demonstrate the feasibility of using the OpenTrons OT‐2 robotic pipettor to perform automated radiosyntheses, we radiolabeled and formulated 177Lu‐PSMA‐617 and 225Ac‐PSMA‐617 on the system. The OT‐2 was then used to help streamline the quality control process for both products, further minimizing manual handling by and exposure to the radiochemist.
Diffusion Tensor and Kurtosis MRI‐Based Radiomics Analysis of Kidney Injury in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yang Daoyu , Tian Chong , Liu Jian , Peng Yunsong , Xiong Zhenliang , Da Jingjing , Yang Yuqi , Zha Yan , Zeng Xianchun
Published: February 2024

Background

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) can provide quantitative parameters that show promise for evaluation of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The combination of radiomics with DTI and DKI may hold potential clinical value in detecting DKD.

Purpose

To investigate radiomics models of DKI and DTI for predicting DKD in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluate their performance in automated renal parenchyma segmentation.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

One hundred and sixty‐three T2DM patients (87 DKD; 63 females; 27–80 years), randomly divided into training cohort (N = 114) and validation cohort (N = 49).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5‐T, diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) with 9 different b‐values.

Assessment

The images of DSI were processed to generate DKI and DTI parameter maps, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD). The Swin UNETR model was trained with 5‐fold cross‐validation using 100 samples for renal parenchyma segmentation. Subsequently, radiomics features were automatically extracted from each parameter map. The performance of the radiomics models on the validation cohort was evaluated by utilizing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Statistical Tests

Mann–Whitney U test, Chi‐squared test, Pearson correlation coefficient, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), dice similarity coefficient (DSC), decision curve analysis (DCA), area under the curve (AUC), and DeLong's test. The threshold for statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

The DKI_MD achieved the best segmentation performance (DSC, 0.925 ± 0.011). A combined radiomics model (DTI_FA, DTI_MD, DKI_FA, DKI_MD, and DKI_RD) showed the best performance (AUC, 0.918; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.820–0.991). When the threshold probability was greater than 20%, the combined model provided the greatest net benefit. Among the single parameter maps, the DTI_FA exhibited superior diagnostic performance (AUC, 887; 95% CI: 0.779–0.972).

Data Conclusion

The radiomics signature constructed based on DKI and DTI may be used as an accurate and non‐invasive tool to identify T2DM and DKD.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Evaluation of ERA5 precipitation and 10‐m wind speed associated with extratropical cyclones using station data over North America
Authors: Chen Ting‐Chen , Collet François , Di Luca Alejandro
Published: February 2024

While the ERA5 reanalysis is commonly utilized in climate studies on extratropical cyclones (ETCs), only a few studies have quantified its ability in the representation of ETCs over land. To address this gap, this study evaluates ERA5's skill in representing the ETC‐associated 10‐m wind speed and the precipitation in central and eastern North America during 2005–2019. Hourly data collected from ~3000 stations, amounting to around 420 million reports stored in the Integrated Surface Database, is used as reference. For the spatial‐averaged ETC properties, ERA5 shows a good skill for wind speed with normalized mean bias (NMB) of −0.7% and normalized root‐mean‐square error (NRMSE) of 14.3%, despite a tendency to overestimate low winds and underestimate high winds. The ERA5 skill is worse for precipitation than for wind speed with NMB of −10.4% and NRMSE of 56.5% and a strong tendency to underestimate high values. For both variables, the best and worst performance is found in DJF and JJA, respectively. Negative biases are often identified over regions with stronger precipitation/wind speeds, and a systematic underestimation of wind speed is found over the Rockies with complex topography. Compared to the averaged ETCs, ERA5's performance deteriorates for the top 5% extreme ETCs with a stronger tendency to underestimate both wind speed and precipitation (NMB of −10.2% and −22.6%, respectively). Furthermore, ERA5's skill is worse for local extreme values within ETCs than for spatial averages. Our results highlight some important limitations of the ERA5 reanalysis products for studies looking at the possible impacts of ETCs.
Holocene overflow events of the lower Yellow River recorded in Huangdun ancient lake, northern Jiangsu Plain, China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xing Li , Yu Shi‐Yong , Nie Junsheng , Wu Jinjia , Wang Zhao , Chen Shiyue , Hou Zhanfang , Zhang Guodong , Zhang Denghui
Published: February 2024

Overflow events are important embodiments of the evolutionary characteristics of the lower Yellow River. Lakes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River have the capacity to record these events. Due to the complex provenance and transport pathways of sediments in local lakes, it is difficult to extract reliable information on sediments delivered by the Yellow River based on conventional methods and proxies. Here, we show results from a genetically meaningful end‐member (EM) decomposition of sediment grain‐size data from Huangdun ancient lake. The grain‐size of the sediments can be decomposed into three end‐members. Comprehensive analysis combining environmental magnetism and geochemical indicators clarifies the significance of each end‐member. EM1 represents mixed signals of various proximal fluvial sediments and the Yellow River materials. EM2 is similar to terrestrial fine‐grained debris in conjunction with local pedogenic materials, aeolian inputs and some Yi River materials. EM3 represents a component that is mainly derived from long‐distance transport by the lower Yellow River. End‐member analysis successfully identified overflow events of the lower Yellow River on a southward‐flowing path during the Holocene. This study provides a meaningful attempt to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the lower Yellow River from sedimentary records.
Influence of pasteurization and spray drying on the fat digestion behavior of human milk fat analog emulsion: a simulated in vitro infant digestion study
Authors: Pan Yue , Liu Shuming , Zhang Xueying , Li Xiaodong , Liu Lu , Hao Donghai , Cui Liqin , Ma Chunli , Dang Xiaoqing , Xu Yanling , Wang Yongshun
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Human milk fat analog emulsion (HMFAE) is an emulsion that mimics the composition and structure of human milk (HM) fat globules. The application of HMFAE in infant formula requires a series of milk powder processing steps, such as pasteurization and spray drying. However, the effect of milk powder processing on fat digestion of HMFAE is still unclear. In this study, the influence of pasteurization and spray drying on the lipolysis behavior of HMFAE was studied and compared with HM using a simulated infant in vitro digestion model.

RESULTS

Pasteurization and spray drying increased the flocculation and aggregation of lipid droplets in HMFAE during digestion. Spray drying destroyed the lipid droplet structure of HMFAE, and partial milk fat globule membrane‐covered lipid droplets turned into protein‐covered lipid droplets, which aggravated lipid–protein aggregation during gastric digestion and hindered fat digestion in the small intestine. The final lipolysis degree was in the order HM (64.55%) > HMFAE (63.41%) > pasteurized HMFAE (61.75%) > spray‐dried HMFAE (60.57%). After complete gastrointestinal digestion, there were no significant differences in free fatty acid and sn‐2 monoacylglycerol profile among the HMFAE, pasteurized HMFAE, and spray‐dried HMFAE.

CONCLUSION

Milk powder processing can reduce lipolysis by altering the lipid droplet structure of HMFAE and the degree of lipid droplet aggregation during digestion. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Flexible and Free‐Standing Photonic Crystal‐Hydrogel Film for Enhanced Fluorescence from Nitrogen Doped Carbon Dots
Authors: Saif Safna , Sankar Karthika , Sivasankaran Subhadra Sree Sanker , Kottarathil Naduvil Madhusoodanan , Thankamani Priya Rose
Published: February 2024

Enhancement of fluorescence emission in a flexible and free‐standing fluorescing film is a key requirement for sensing platforms with augmented sensitivity. In this context, a study on the enhanced fluorescence emission from nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NCDs) embedded on a flexible free‐standing photonic crystal hydrogel film prepared via photopolymerization, is presented. The composite structure utilizes the photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence (PCEF) technique and incorporates a self‐assembled 3D photonic crystal (3D PC)  onto a photopolymerizable hydrogel matrix containing the NCDs. The 3D PC template is prepared through vertical deposition self‐assembly using monodisperse polystyrene (PS) spheres. By leveraging the enhanced excitation and extraction effect in a PC‐fluorophore composite, the authors’ structure exhibits a fourfold enhancement in fluorescence emission compared to the control sample. The relative positioning of the photonic stopband with the excitation and emission spectra of the fluorophore (NCDs) is thoroughly studied by selecting four different 3D PCs with varied lattice parameters. In addition, the hydrogel matrix offers improved photostability and enhanced lifetime for the NCDs. This structure can be further modified into an efficient sensor through appropriate functionalization.
Parallel and totally umbilical hypersurfaces of the four‐dimensional Thurston geometry Sol04$\text{Sol}^4_0$
Authors: D'haene Marie , Inoguchi Jun‐ichi , Van der Veken Joeri
Published: February 2024

We study hypersurfaces of the four‐dimensional Thurston geometry , which is a Riemannian homogeneous space and a solvable Lie group. In particular, we give a full classification of hypersurfaces whose second fundamental form is a Codazzi tensor—including totally geodesic hypersurfaces and hypersurfaces with parallel second fundamental form—and of totally umbilical hypersurfaces of . We also give a closed expression for the Riemann curvature tensor of , using two integrable complex structures.
Orthotopic vascularized lymph node transfer in breast cancer‐related lymphedema treatment: Functional and life quality outcomes
Authors: Lo Torto Federico , Kaciulyte Juste , Di Meglio Filippo , Marcasciano Marco , Greco Manfredi , Ribuffo Diego
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Breast cancer‐related lymphedema (BCRL) is a chronic disease that occurs up to 65% of breast cancer survivors. Traditional treatment is conservative, but new surgeries as lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) and vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) are at disposal. This study aims to investigate the orthotopic VLNT efficacy in BCRL. Results in terms of limbs' reduction rates and quality of life improvement are compared with the outcomes reported in Literature.

Patients and Methods

During patients' selection, inclusion criteria were monolateral ISL stage II or III BCRL with pathologic lymphoscintigraphy imaging and a minimum of previous 6 months of unsuccessful conservative treatment. Bilateral lymphedema, local recurrence or systemic metastasis, acute infection of the limb and deep venous trombosis were exclusion criteria. Surgery consisted in VLNT from the gastroepiploic region to the axilla with axillary scar dissection.

Results

From August 2019 to December 2021, 25 patients were included. At the preoperative scintigraphy exam, mean lymph transport index (TI) was 30 (range; 22.7–29.3). Nine of them (36%) were ISL stage II and 16 (64%) were stage III. Average follow‐up was 13.5 months (range; 12–19 months). VLN flaps' survival rate was 100%. One year after surgery, the mean Circumferential Reduction Rate (CRR) resulted 44.62 (range; 27.4–60.3). Infections' rates presented a statistically significant reduction, from an average of 2.4 (range; 1–4) to 0.2 (range; 0–1) episodes per year. Life quality index measured with the LYMQOL questionnaire showed significant improvement after 1 year, from a mean score of 3.28 (range; 2–5) to 8.12 (range; 7–9).

Conclusion

When compared with Literature evidence, the results of the current study are in line with both VLN inset ways related to BCRL treatment. An optimal therapeutic choice should consider benefits and drawbacks of each orthotopic and heterotopic VLNT, taking into account surgeon's preference and experience and patients' related factors and expectations.
Lp‐theory for elliptic systems without divergence constraint and with Navier‐type boundary condition
Authors: Boukassa Saliha , Amrouche Chérif
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we study a linear elliptic system involving Navier‐type boundary conditions or tangential components in a three‐dimensional bounded domain, possibly multiply connected and with boundary possibly nonconnected. We establish an appropriate Inf‐Sup condition and then we prove the existence and uniqueness of the generalized solutions in
‐theory. We also investigate the case of strong solutions.
Relatively exact controllability of fractional stochastic neutral system with two incommensurate constant delays
Authors: Yuan Yihong , Luo Danfeng
Published: February 2024

This paper is devoted to analyzing a kind of fractional stochastic neutral system (FSNS). Firstly, by introducing the notion of newly defined two‐parameter Mittag–Leffler matrix function, we derive the solution of the corresponding linear stochastic system. Subsequently, for the linear case, by virtue of the Grammian matrix, we give a suffcient and necessary condition to guarantee the relatively exact controllability for the addressed case. Furthermore, for the nonlinear one, the relatively exact controllability is obtained by fixed point and explore it via Banach contraction principle. Finally, two examples are provided to intensify our theoretical conclusions.
Changes in Plasma, Urine, and Fecal Metabolome after 16 Weeks of Consuming Dairy With Different Food Matrixes – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Correia Banny S. B. , Sandby Karoline , Krarup Thure , Magkos Faidon , Geiker Nina R. W. , Bertram Hanne Christine
Published: February 2024

Scope

Understanding the mode‐of‐action by which fermented dairy consumption influences health is of interest. The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of the chemical‐physical properties of the dairy matrix and postbiotic effects on the metabolomics response to fermented dairy consumption.

Methods and results

Hundred males (Body Mass Index (BMI) 28.0–45.0 kg m−2, waist circumference ≥ 102 cm) are included in the study. During a 16‐week intervention, the study subjects are instructed to consume 400 g per day of either 1) milk, 2) yogurt, 3) heat‐treated yogurt, or 4) chemically acidified milk as part of their habitual diet. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics is conducted on plasma, urine, and fecal samples collected before and after the intervention. Both consumption of acidified milk and heat‐treated yogurt resulted in changes in the fecal metabolome including decreases in the level of amino acids (leucine, valine, and threonine), and the branched‐chain fatty acid (BCFA) isobutyrate that indicated an altered protein putrefaction, and proteolytic metabolism in the gut. In the plasma metabolome, an increased citrate is found for yogurt consumption. No difference in the urine metabolome is found.

Conclusions

Our metabolomics analyses indicate that consumption of heat‐treated yogurt and acidified milk exerted similar effects on the metabolic activity in the gut as yogurt consumption.
Exploring Impact of Probiotic‐Fermented Soymilk on Dextran‐Sulfate‐Sodium‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Modulating Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Profile
Authors: Madjirebaye Philippe , Peng Fei , Mueed Abdul , Huang Tao , Mahamat Bechir , Pahane Majeste Mbiada , Xi Qinghua , Chen Xianxiang , Moussa Kalli , Kadebe Zoua Tessou , Otchom Brahim Boy , Xu Yazhou , Xie Mingyong , Xiong Tao , Peng Zhen
Published: February 2024

Scope

Lactic acid bacteria with probiotic functions and their fermentation products play a role in regulating ulcerative colitis (UC). This study investigates the potential role of fermented soymilk (FSM4) rich in isoflavones on DSS‐induced UC.

Methods and Results

Mice received 3% DSS and are supplemented daily once for 1 week by NFSM and FSM4. DSS usually causes intestinal inflammation and alters the gut microbiota. FSM4 intervention improves the UC‐related inflammation and gut microbiota alteration. It considerably decreases pro‐inflammatories such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in serum and COX‐2 and MPO in colon tissues and pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia‐Shigella). This facilitates gut‐healthy bacteria growth. These healthy bacteria negatively correlat with pro‐inflammatory factors but positively associated with acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid, which may act for PPAR‐γ pathway activating and NF‐κB p65 pathway inhibiting, lowering the risk of UC. Overall, FSM4 might alleviate UC and significantly reverse the dysbiosis of gut microbiota via the PPAR‐γ activation. It could be a good alternative for developing functional food to protect against UC.

Conclusion

FSM4 attenuates intestinal inflammation and modulates the SCFA‐producing bacteria growth, which enable the PPAR‐γ activation to alleviate the UC target, which could be a dietary intervention strategy for gut health.
Should I speak up? How trust in leaders and leader–leader exchanges influence nurses' voice behaviour
Authors: Chao Kang‐I. , Cheng Jen‐Wei , Yen Hung‐Chieh , Lu Shih‐Hao
Published: February 2024

Aim

Discussing the nurses' voice behaviour could support the managers in making the right decisions and solve problems.

Design

This was a discursive paper.

Methods

The discursive was based on reviewing the literature.

Results

Nurses play a critical role in offering useful constructive advice, which leads to management figuring out and solving problems immediately for the purpose of bettering the working environment. Therefore, we assert that trust in leadership and the leader–leader exchange system also plays a critical role in enforcing voice behaviour. Trust is a crucial aspect of voice behaviour, and integrated trust in leadership and leader–leader exchange as a possible practical suggestion for the fostering of voice behaviour are proposed. Nurse managers must maintain a sense of reciprocal moral obligation in order to nurture value‐driven voice behaviour. It is important that open dialogue, active listening and trust in leadership exist. Nurse managers must consider ways to foster mutual trust, and support and enable nurses to use voice behaviour in everyday practice.
Inter‐device agreement of sacral subepidermal oedema measurement in healthy adults during prolonged 60° head of bed elevation
Authors: Latimer Sharon L. , Bone Madeline , Walker Rachel M. , Thalib Lukman , Gillespie Brigid M.
Published: February 2024

Aim

To investigate the level of agreement between the SEM 200 and Provisio® subepidermal moisture sacral delta measurements, which may indicate increased pressure injury risk, in healthy adults during 120 min of prolonged 60° head of bed elevation. This position, which requires the elevation of the patient's upper body at a 60° angle above the horizontal plane for an extended period, is used by clinicians to prevent or manage a patient's medical or surgical conditions.

Design

This prospective exploratory study recruited 20 healthy adults during October 2021 and collected sacral subepidermal moisture delta measurements using the SEM 200 and Provisio® devices.

Methods

Delta measurements were taken at 20‐min intervals over 120 min resulting in seven data collection timepoints. Descriptive statistics and a Bland Altman plot analysis were conducted.

Results

A total of 280 sacral subepidermal moisture delta measurements were gathered or 140 per device. There were good levels of agreement between the two devices at baseline (T0) [mean 0.025; SD 0.137] and following 60‐ (T3) [mean 0.025; SD 0.111], 80‐ (T4) [mean −0.01; SD 0.177] and 100 min (T5) [mean 0.01; SD 0.129] of prolonged 60° head of bed elevation. Head of bed elevations can increase a patient's risk of sacral pressure injuries. In some countries, nurses have access to the SEM 200 and/or the Provisio® device, so our findings may increase nurses' confidence in the interchangeability of the device measurements, although further research is needed to confirm this. The SEM 200 and Provisio® subepidermal moisture scanners show promise in gathering similar objective pressure injury risk data which could prompt clinicians to implement prevention strategies.

Impact

Current pressure injury risk assessment is largely subjective in nature. This quantitative study on healthy human sacral tissue found a good level of agreement in the SEM 200 and Provisio® subepidermal moisture scanners, which may increase nurses' confidence in the interchangeability of the devices in clinical practice.