bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of the national identity of the Orthodox clergy of Volhynia in the 40-80s of the XX century
Authors: Borschevych V.T.
Published: March 2020

During the German-Soviet War and in the decades that followed, the Volyn Orthodox clergy functioned under a cohesive social ghetto, which was to ensure the gradual assimilation of the social group in accordance with the needs of the totalitarian regime. In this situation, the national self-awareness of a part of the sacred priests did not fit into the coordinates of the Nazi religious and ethnic politics and, later, into the process of creation of the Soviet people. The question of national identity remains relevant, and now, when it is the basis of the newest Ukrainian state-making, it has caused division in the Orthodox field. The national consciousness of the Volyn clergy in the years of war and in the era of Soviet totalitarianism never became a topic of separate study. To date, scientists have only partially addressed the problem. Although in 1960, the head of the ROC Council, V. Kuroedov, said that the remnants of religious remnants contributed to preserving the bourgeois nationalist sentiment. The compilers of the first volume of documents and materials “Martyrology of the Ukrainian Churches” Osip Zinkevich and Alexander Voronin, analyzing the national composition of the bishopric of the Russian Church in Ukraine as of 1986, hoped that in case of revival of Ukrainian Orthodoxy, the origin of some of them role.
Distribution of circulator echinococcose of sheep (Echinococcus granulosus) in the territories of the Absheron peninsula and Khyzynsky district of the Azerbaijan republic
Authors: Agayeva A. N.
Published: March 2020

Relevance. Small-scale farming on a private basis have some disadvantages. Many similar farms do not take timely measures to combat pest diseases, especially against helminthiasis pathogens. Echinococcosis was among the main helminth diseases in sheep in the Absheron Peninsula territories and the adjacent Khizi region too, where we conduct research. It’s widespread in Azerbaijan and greatly damaged sheep breeding.

Reesults. During study, we detected the species of E. granulosus in sheep at all study points in the Absheron Peninsula and Khizi. Thus, the relative prevalence of invasion was recorded in the villages Tudar (47,9%), Jeyranbatan (47,6%), Altyagach (46,5%), and some low the percentage of infection in the villages of New Yashma (20,6%), Hovsan (21,8%), Mushvigabad (25,0%). Hence, analysis of the echinococcosis causative agent shows spread of this invasion throughout the farms in different forms. It has been studied in altitude belts too. There are such results: an invasion’s high extensiveness was recorded in the low-mountain (45,1%) zone.
The role of soil fertility in the management of agricultural bioproductivity
Authors: Ruleva O. V. , Seminchenko E. V.
Published: March 2020

Relevance and methods. The optimal selection of precursors and methods of biologization can increase the return of organic matter to the soil, increase the yield and productivity of crops. Corn was studied on irrigation, and crops (sorghum, oats, winter wheat) in crop rotation were studied on the bogar. To elucidate the general patterns of plant development in the system of forest strips and in experimental fields (bogar), statistical processing of the research results was used in the Exel and Statistica software packages, which is based on the generalization and synthesis of the results, which makes it possible to reach forecasts of plant development during the growing season. The soil is light chestnut, heavy loamy, with a humus content in the arable layer of 1.74%, the pH of the soil solution is 8.1. The content of easily hydro-lyzable nitrogen is low — 3.2–3.9 mg/100 g of soil, average phosphorus mobile — 2.1–3 mg and exchange potassium increased — 30–40 mg/100 g of soil. The amount of average annual rainfall is 339.7 mm.

Results. A study of the data showed that regardless of crop rotation the maximum content of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) was observed in the tillering phase, then decreased. The correlation coefficient on irrigation shows the tightness of communication over the entire array and gives grounds to use the approximation of the multiple regression equation as predictive in the system of forest stripes on irrigation: Y = a + b1 Х1 + b2X2 and on the dry land: Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3. In dry years the yield of grain crops (corn, sorghum, oats, winter wheat) ranges from 0.59 to 1.73 t/ha. In wet years the yield of grain crops increases to 4.95 t/ha. With the help of programs you can calculate the amount of fertilizer for a given yield and manage the bioproductivity of crops in the system of forest belts and on the dry land. The importance of soil fertility in managing bioproductivity is based on the optimal selection of precursors and methods of biologization, which can increase the yield of grain crops. The scope of the recommendations is the Lower Volga soil zone.
Characteristics of the microscopic hair structure of domestic mammals from Equidae family
Authors: Pikhtirova A. V. , Ivchenko V. D. , Shkromada O. I.
Published: March 2020

Hair is an indispensable component of the animal body. Having structural features of the structure, it allows you likely to identify the type and age of animals, conditions of keeping animals, feeding and even sex. Paleontologist's findings  prove, the hairline stores the undisputed information on its “owner” for thousands of years. According to the results of the conducted research it is established, that the hair coat of the studied animal species – Equinus asinus and Equus caballus – has significant differences in the structure of the brain substance and superficial drawing of the cuticle. Microscopic examination of discolored samples of animal hair well-recognizes the structure of the brain substance, which makes it possible to differentiate the species of animal. The brain substance in the donkey mane hair occupies most of the hair, is represented by densely grouped cells, sometimes interrupted, whereas in the horse mane hair, it has the appearance of grouped rounded cells with small intervals between sections of 6–10 cells. The brain substance of the donkey covering hair is represented by cells of different size and shape, which disappear from the middle of the hair to the peripheral end. This tendency is also typical for the brain substance of the horse covering hair, but unlike donkey hair – cells of the same size, begin with a continuous cord at a distance of 1–1.5 mm from the root of the hair, towards the peripheral end of the hair the gaps between them increase to the complete disappearance of cells. Ultramicroscopic examination of the cuticle superficial drawing of hair samples allowed to establish the peculiarities of two species of the same animal genus. The donkey and horse mane hair had almost the same thickness, the number of scales (waves) per 100 μm of hair length and the size of the scales (wavelength), however, the overall drawing was significantly different. Superficial drawing of hair cuticle from horse mane represented by irregular waves with sharp pointed edges of scales, instead, the donkey has fringed edges of scales. The horse's covering hair was thicker than the donkey's hair and had differences in the location and shape of the scales. Superficial drawing of covering hair cuticle of donkey represented by a regular wave of scales with clear and even edges, while the scales on the surface of the covering hair of the horse have indistinct torn edges and collected in intermittent (irregular) waves.
Derecho a la identidad de origen y técnicas de reproducción humana asistida
Authors: Notaro Pablo Antonio
Published: March 2020

El derecho a la identidad es un derecho humano fundamental oponible erga omnes, del cual debe gozar todo individuo sin discriminación y el Estado debe garantizar, a través de todos los medios de los que disponga para hacerlo efectivo. El presente artículo aborda la problemática que generan las técnicas de reproducción humana asistida (en adelante TRHA) en relación con el derecho a conocer la identidad de origen. El enfoque inédito que se presenta, sustenta que la regulación del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación (en adelante CCC) con relación al derecho a conocer la identidad origen de las personas nacidas mediante TRHA heterólogas, es inconstitucional en tanto no supera el examen de proporcionalidad.
PENGENALAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK KEPADA MASYARAKAT BELAJAR DI KELURAHAN IRINGMULYO
Authors: Wulantina Endah , Soeseno Zahwa Eza , Arsita Farida , Loviana Selvi , Amri Annisa Ayu Ulil , Merliza Pika
Published: March 2020

Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah diharapkan masyarakat belajar jenjang kelas 4 sekolah dasar (SD) di sekitar kawasan tersebut tidak merasa kesulitan lagi dalam memahami pelajaran matematika setelah dikenalkannya pembelajaran yang mengaitkan matematika dengan kehidupan sehari-hari (Matematika Realistik).  Pengabdian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode desrkiptif. Alat peraga yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah jajanan tradisional berbentuk segitiga dan tempe. Pengabdian dilakukan selama 4 kali pertemuan dengan 20 orang siswa. Hasil evaluasi pelaksanaan dari pengabdian masyarakat : 1) Masyarakat belajar pada jenjang sekolah dasar (SD) mendapatkan pengetahuan baru dan pengalaman belajar matematika dengan menggunakan Matematika Realistik (MR). 2) Pembelajaran menggunakan Matematika Realistik (MR) meningkatkan minat dan keingintahuan siswa terhadap matematika. 3) Dengan digunakannya pembelajaran Matematika Realistik (MR), pemahaman siswa tentang matematika menjadi lebih mudah, sehingga matematika tidak lagi dianggap sulit. 4) Proses pembelajaran menjadi lebih berwarna dan berarti dengan digunakannya pembelajaran Matematika Realistik (MR). 5) Masyarakat belajar merasa matematika adalah pelajaran yang menyenangkan dilihat dari keantusiasan mereka saat proses pembelajaran sedang berlangsung.
EMPRÉSTIMO LINGUÍSTICO NA LIBRAS: LEMATIZAÇÃO DE SINAIS PURAMENTE DATILOLÓGICOS NO DICIONÁRIO NOVO DEIT-LIBRAS
Authors: Fernandes Leandro Andrade
Published: March 2020

EMPRÉSTIMO LINGUÍSTICO NA LIBRAS: LEMATIZAÇÃO DE SINAIS PURAMENTE DATILOLÓGICOS NO DICIONÁRIO NOVO DEIT-LIBRASResumo: Admitindo a grande influência que as línguas exercem entre si, a presente investigação objetiva apresentar os empréstimos linguísticos dicionarizados localizados na periferia do léxico da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras), servindo-nos assim de teóricos da lexicologia com ênfase na lexicografia das línguas orais (LO) e das Línguas de Sinais (LS). Utilizamos como fonte para a coleta de dados o Novo DEIT-Libras (2013), contendo este o maior acervo lexical da Libras. Ao analisar os termos aqui apresentados, foi possível verificar a lematização de unidades linguísticas puramente datilológicas, ou seja, a normatização de sinais construídos a partir da soletração manual, recurso que tem como base o alfabeto da Língua Portuguesa (LP).Palavras-chave: Empréstimos linguísticos; Libras; Língua Portuguesa. LANGUAGE LOAN IN LIBRAS: LEMATIZATION OF PURELY DATILOLOGICAL SIGNS IN NEW DIT-LIBRAS DICTIONARYAbstract: Assuming the great influence that languages have on each other, the present research aims to present the language dictionaries loans located in the periphery of the lexicon of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), thus serving as theorists of lexicology with emphasis on the lexicography of oral languages (OL) and Sign Language (SL). We used as source for data collection the New DEIT-Libras (2013), containing this the largest lexical collection of Libras. By analyzing the terms presented here, it was possible to verify the lemmatization of purely linguistic units, that is, the standardization of signs constructed from manual spelling, which is based on the Portuguese Language (PL) alphabet.Keywords: Linguistic loans; Libras; Portuguese language. EL PRÉSTAMO LINGÜÍSTICO EN LIBRAS: LEMATIZACIÓN DE SEÑALES PURAMENTE DACTILOLÓGICOS EN EL DICCIONARIO NUEVO DEIT-LIBRASResumen: Reconociendo la gran influencia que las lenguas ejercen entre sí, la presente investigación busca presentar los préstamos lingüísticos diccionarizados y localizados en La periferia del léxico de la Lengua Brasileña de Signos (Libras), sirviéndonos para tal fin de teóricos de la lexicología con énfasis en la lexicografía de las lenguas orales (LO) y de lãs lenguas de signos (LS). Utilizamos como fuente para la recolección de datos el Nuevo DEITLibras (2013), poseedor del mayor acervo lexical de la Lengua de Signos. Al analizar estos términos, fue posible verificar la lematización de unidades lingüísticas puramente dactilológicas, o sea, la normativización de señales construidas a partir del deletreado manual, recurso que tiene como base el alfabeto de la lengua Portuguesa (LP).Palabras Clave: Préstamos lingüísticos; Lengua de Signos; Lengua Portuguesa.
NOVAS PERSPECTIVAS NOS ESTUDOS LEXICOGRÁFICOS: A ECOLEXICOGRAFIA E AS PALAVRAS ECOLÓGICAS
Authors: Albuquerque Davi
Published: March 2020

NOVAS PERSPECTIVAS NOS ESTUDOS LEXICOGRÁFICOS: A ECOLEXICOGRAFIA E AS PALAVRAS ECOLÓGICASResumo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a Ecolexicografia como uma nova perspectiva para os estudos lexicológicos e lexicográficos. Isso ocorre pelo fato desta disciplina propor uma estrutura diferenciada de verbete, ou seja, da microestrutura, e também caracterizar a importância e o poder das palavras ecológicas e não ecológicas tanto para o falante, quanto no sistema linguístico. Assim, neste texto, após uma introdução sobre a Ecolinguística, será apresentada a Ecolexicografia, em (1); para em (2) se discutir as palavras ecológicas e não ecológicas; em (3), serão elaboradas algumas propostas de pesquisa em Ecolexicografia; finalmente, em (4), serão tecidas as considerações finais.Palavras-chave: lexicografia; ecolinguística; ecolexicografia. NEW PERSPECTIVES IN LEXICOGRAPHICAL STUDIES: ECOLEXICOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGICAL WORDSAbstract: This paper aims to present ecolexicography as a new perspective for lexicological and lexicographic studies. This occurs since this new discipline proposes a differentiated structure for word entry, in other words, for the microstructure, and also characterizes the importance and power of ecological and non-ecological words for both the speaker and the linguistic system. Thus, in this text, after an introduction on Ecolinguistics, ecolexicography will be presented, in (1); in section (2), it will be discussed ecological and non-ecological words; in (3), some ecolexicography research proposals will be elaborated; finally, in (4), the final considerations will be made.Keywords: lexicography; ecolinguistics; ecolexicography NUEVAS PERSPECTIVAS EN LOS ESTUDIOS LEXICOGRÁFICOS: LA ECOLEXICOGRAFÍA Y LAS PALABRAS ECOLÓGICASResumen: El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la ecolexicografía como una nueva perspectiva para los estudios lexicológicos y lexicográficos. Esto ocurre por el hecho de que esta disciplina propone una estructura diferenciada de verbos, es decir, de la microestructura, y también caracterizar la importancia y el poder de las palabras ecológicas y no ecológicas tanto para el hablante, como en el sistema lingüístico. Por lo tanto, en este texto, después de una introducción a la ecolingüística, se presentará a ecolexicografía en (1); para (2) discutir las palabras ecológicas y no ecológicas; (3), se elaborarán algunas propuestas de investigación en ecolexicografía; finalmente, en (4), se tejen las consideraciones finales.Palabras clave: lexicografía; ecolinguística; ecolexicografía.
WISATA KULINER TRADISIONAL PANTAI BERTI KECAMATAN KOLAKA KABUPATEN KOLAKA
Authors: Sulastri Handriyani , Hasniah Hasniah , Suraya Rahmat Sewa
Published: March 2020

Wisata kuliner tradisional Pantai Berti Kecamatan Kolaka Kabupaten Kolaka bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan tentang kuliner tradisional yang eksis di wisata kuliner Pantai Berti, kemudian untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi pemilik wisata kuliner agar tetap eksis/bertahan di Pantai Berti. Artikel ini mengacu pada teori yang dikemukakan oleh John W. Bennet (1967) tentang strategi adaptasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian etnografi, dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pengamatan terlibat (participation observation) dan wawancara mendalam (indepth interview). Keberadaan kuliner tradisional yang ada di Pantai Berti Kecamatan Kolaka Kabupaten Kolaka, ada yang masih eksis dan juga ada beberapa yang sudah tidak eksis. Kuliner yang masih eksis adalah kuliner ikan bakar baronang, sop kikil, palleko ayam dan lain sebagainya. Sedangkan kuliner yang tidak eksis lagi seperti kuliner tradisioal sinonggi, itik rekko, lemang bakar, bakso setan dan lain sebagainya. Penyebab ketidakeksisan dari beberapa kuliner tersebut disebabkan karena rasanya yang sering berubah-ubah dan tidak lagi digemari oleh pengunjung wisata kuliner. Adapun strategi yang digunakan oleh pemilik warung/kafe untuk mempertahankan kuliner tradisional di wisata kuliner Pantai Berti, yaitu: 1) menyediakan fasilitas hiburan (panggung  musik); 2) menciptakan nuansa kafe dengan pemilihan warnanya; 3) menciptakan produk nama makanan yang unik; 4) mengutamakan kebersihan warung/kafe dan makanannya; 5) memberikan harga yang murah pada produk makanannya dan memberikan diskon kepada konsumen; serta 6) memadukan makanan modern dengan makanan tradisional.
Uji Efek Antipiretik Ekstrak Etanol Buah Wualae (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith) Terhadap Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus L.) Galur Balb/C
Authors: Malik Fadhliyah , Ningsi Andryani , Bafadal Mentarry , Saktiani Dwi Nur , Wahyuni Wahyuni
Published: March 2020

Wualae (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith) empirically been used by people to treat diseases and as food. This research was carried to determine the antipyretic activity of ethanol extracts of Wualae (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith) fruit on male mice (Mus musculus L) Balb/c along with ratio the effects of ethanol extracts of fruit Wualae with paracetamol as a antipyretic. Ethanol extracts of fruit Wualae obtained by maceration method using ethanol 96%. Male mice divided into 6 groups i.e: negative control (Na.CMC), positive control, and the treatment group (ethanol extracts of fruit Wualae 100 mg/KgBW, 200 mg/KgBW, 300 mg/KgBW, dan 400 mg/KgBW). Antipyretic activity tested by using DPT vaccine (Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis) 0.1 cc intraperitoneally as an inducer and paracetamol 500 mg as a positive control. Temperature measurement determined for 3 hours with a 30 minutes interval. Data analysis was performed by Kruskal Wallis statistical analysis and continued with Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the effects of ethanol extracts of wualae fruit at dose of 400 mg/KgBW has antipyretic effects with a total decrease of temperature was 1,237oC.Keywords: antipyretic, fever, Etlingera elatior, wualae, mice
Terminus lakes on the south side of Vatnajökull ice cap, SE-Iceland
Authors: Guðmundsson Snævarr , Björnsson Helgi , Pálsson Finnur , Magnússon Eyjólfur , Sæmundsson Þorsteinn , Jóhannesson Tómas
Published: March 2020

Many ice-marginal lakes have formed in front of glacier termini in Iceland in recent decades due to climate warming, particularly at the southern margin of Vatnajökull ice cap where several such lakes grow year-by-year at present. At the same time, most glacier-dammed lakes at the lateral ice margins have shrunk or disappeared because of glacier thinning, and jökulhlaups released from them have become smaller. This paper describes changes in glacial lakes in SE-Iceland, from Skeiðarárjökull west of Öræfi to Hoffellsjökull in Hornafjörður. Lakes started to form in front of several glaciers in this area in the 1930s but most did not grow much until the 1990s, except for Jökulsárlón by Breiðamerkurjökull, which has grown steadily since before the middle of the last century. Currently, there are growing terminus lakes by all the main south-flowing outlet glaciers of Vatnajökull, with a combined area of ~60 km². The subglacial landscape upstream of the termini indicates that the lakes will continue to grow in the coming decades as a consequence of glacier downwasting if the climate warms as projected. These lakes affect the ice flow and the mass and energy balance of the respective glaciers because of their effect on the force balance of the terminus region, the calving of ice into the lakes, and the absorption of heat spent for melting of calved ice fragments and the terminus ice front. The lakes can cause hazard to settlements and travellers in the adjacent area, as landslides on the glaciers that propagate into the lakes can create tsunami waves with a high run-up and sudden, very dangerous flash floods in the glacier forelands.
Jöklabreytingar (Glacier variations) 1930–1970, 1970–1995, 1995–2017 og 2017–2018
Authors: Hannesdóttir Hrafnhildur
Published: March 2020

Upplýsingar bárust frá tæplega fimmtíu sporðamælistöðum haustið 2018. Þar af mælist hop á 33 stöðum, framgangur á fimm og fjórir sporðar breytast lítið sem ekkert. Mæling náðist ekki á nokkrum stöðum vegna snjóskafla við jaðar eða fljótandi jaka á lóni framan við jökulinn sem torveldar mælingu með fjarlægðarkíki. Vesturtunga Þórisjökuls bættist við lista sporðamælistaða þegar farin var vettvangsferð í september 2018 og mælistaður staðsettur.
How to design an education programme for patients with chronic obstructive disease?
Authors: Olah Mate , Inczeffy-Ivicsics Katalin , Meszaros Agnes
Published: March 2020

Introduction: COPD is a debilitating disease and a major death cause by 2020. Our current knowledge of the opportunities of patient education in the community pharmacy is growing, though yet limited.

Objectives: (1) To assess the potential of a patient education programme in a Hungarian pharmacy, (2) to understand patient attitudes and gather insight for the development of an education project, (3) to create a sustainable local good practice.

Methods: We invited patients with a confirmed COPD diagnosis to take part in an in-depth interview, and to assess their symptoms. Later on, we offered them tailor-made education to learn about their attitudes to create the guidelines for optimal content.

Results: Key elements of the education content should focus on the desire of active life, improve poor adherence, teach about reliever and maintenance therapy and emphasise the chronic component of the disease. Smoking cessation should be fostered, whilst patients would benefit from proper breathing techniques and posture.

Conclusion: Hungarian patients may prefer to get fast and basic education in the community pharmacies. The ideal education content should include pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, treatment options, explanation of medication, inhaler use, smoking cessation and breathing techniques.
Latency-Adjustable Cloud/Fog Computing Architecture for Time-Sensitive Environmental Monitoring in Olive Groves
Authors: Tsipis Athanasios , Papamichail Asterios , Koufoudakis George , Tsoumanis Georgios , Polykalas Spyros E. , Oikonomou Konstantinos
Published: March 2020

The emerging and vast adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has sprung a plethora of research works regarding the potential benefits in smart agriculture. A popular implementation involves the deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which embed low energy consumption sensory nodes to capture the critical environmental parameters prevailing on the farms. However, to manage the ever-increasing volumes of raw data successfully, new approaches must be explored. Under this scope, current work reports on the design and development of an IoT system, having in mind the case of olive groves, which are considered the dominant sector for agricultural activity in the Mediterranean Basin. The system incorporates the cloud/fog computing paradigm to equip the olive growers with a low-cost solution for accurate, reliable, and almost real-time monitoring of their crops. Its core is based on a three-layered network architecture, capable of dynamically balancing the generated load, by pushing cloud-elastic resources to the underlying fog network. As such, the premise of the approach lies in the conforming character of the system that allows for targeted alterations to its operational functionality to meet stringent latency and traffic load environmental monitoring constraints. To evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture, a demo prototype is developed and deployed in the facilities of the Ionian University. Experimental results illustrate the efficiency, flexibility, and scalability of the approach in terms of latency, achieving response time reduction across all platforms, a subject of the utmost importance when it comes to precision agriculture of the future. Moreover, it is shown that the system is capable of dynamic functionality adaptation, to meet network traffic load constraints, achieving high throughput (on average 95%) and addressing potential environmental dangers to olive oil production.
Remotely Sensed Imagery for Early Detection of Respiratory Disease in Pigs: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jorquera-Chavez Maria , Fuentes Sigfredo , Dunshea Frank R. , Warner Robyn D. , Poblete Tomas , Morrison Rebecca S. , Jongman Ellen C.
Published: March 2020

Respiratory diseases are a major problem in the pig industry worldwide. Due to the impact of these diseases, the early identification of infected herds is essential. Computer vision technology, using RGB (red, green and blue) and thermal infrared imagery, can assist the early detection of changes in animal physiology related to these and other diseases. This pilot study aimed to identify whether these techniques are a useful tool to detect early changes of eye and ear-base temperature, heart rate and respiration rate in pigs that were challenged with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Clinical observations and imagery were analysed, comparing data obtained from animals that showed some signs of illness with data from animals that showed no signs of ill health. Highly significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between sick and healthy pigs in heart rate, eye and ear temperature, with higher heart rate and higher temperatures in sick pigs. The largest change in temperature and heart rate remotely measured was observed around 4–6 h before signs of clinical illness were observed by the skilled technicians. These data suggest that computer vision techniques could be a useful tool to detect indicators of disease before the symptoms can be observed by stock people, assisting the early detection and control of respiratory diseases in pigs, promoting further research to study the capability and possible uses of this technology for on farm monitoring and management.
Precipitation Nowcasting with Orographic Enhanced Stacked Generalization: Improving Deep Learning Predictions on Extreme Events
Authors: Franch Gabriele , Nerini Daniele , Pendesini Marta , Coviello Luca , Jurman Giuseppe , Furlanello Cesare
Published: March 2020

One of the most crucial applications of radar-based precipitation nowcasting systems is the short-term forecast of extreme rainfall events such as flash floods and severe thunderstorms. While deep learning nowcasting models have recently shown to provide better overall skill than traditional echo extrapolation models, they suffer from conditional bias, sometimes reporting lower skill on extreme rain rates compared to Lagrangian persistence, due to excessive prediction smoothing. This work presents a novel method to improve deep learning prediction skills in particular for extreme rainfall regimes. The solution is based on model stacking, where a convolutional neural network is trained to combine an ensemble of deep learning models with orographic features, doubling the prediction skills with respect to the ensemble members and their average on extreme rain rates, and outperforming them on all rain regimes. The proposed architecture was applied on the recently released TAASRAD19 radar dataset: the initial ensemble was built by training four models with the same TrajGRU architecture over different rainfall thresholds on the first six years of the dataset, while the following three years of data were used for the stacked model. The stacked model can reach the same skill of Lagrangian persistence on extreme rain rates while retaining superior performance on lower rain regimes.
Long-Term Observations of Atmospheric Speciated Mercury at a Coastal Site in the Northern Gulf of Mexico during 2007–2018
Authors: Ren Xinrong , Luke Winston T. , Kelley Paul , Cohen Mark D. , Olson Mark L. , Walker Jake , Cole Ronald , Archer Michael , Artz Richard , Stein Ariel A.
Published: March 2020

Atmospheric mercury species (gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate-bound mercury (PBM)), trace pollutants (O3, SO2, CO, NO, NOY, and black carbon), and meteorological parameters have been continuously measured since 2007 at an Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet) site that is located on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico in Moss Point, Mississippi. For the data that were collected between 2007 and 2018, the average concentrations and standard deviations are 1.39 ± 0.22 ng m−3 for GEM, 5.1 ± 10.2 pg m−3 for GOM, 5.9 ± 13.0 pg m−3 for PBM, and 309 ± 407 ng m−2 wk−1 for mercury wet deposition, with interannual trends of −0.009 ng m−3 yr−1 for GEM, −0.36 pg m−3 yr−1 for GOM, 0.18 pg m−3 yr−1 for PBM, and 2.8 ng m−2 wk−1 yr−1 for mercury wet deposition. The diurnal variation of GEM shows lower concentrations in the early morning due to GEM depletion, likely due to plant uptake in high humidity events and slight elevation during the day, likely due to downward mixing to the surface of higher concentrations of GEM in the air aloft. The seasonal variation of GEM shows higher levels in winter and spring and lower levels in summer and fall. Diurnal variations of both GOM and PBM show broad peaks in the afternoon likely due to the photochemical oxidation of GEM. Seasonally, PBM measurements exhibit higher levels in winter and early spring and lower levels in summer with rising levels in fall, while GOM measurements show high levels in late spring/early summer and late fall and low levels in winter. The seasonal variation of mercury wet deposition shows higher values in summer and lower values in winter, due to larger rainfall amounts in summer than in winter. As expected, anticorrelation between mercury wet deposition and the sum of GOM and PBM, but positive correlation between mercury wet deposition and rainfall were observed. Correlation among GOM, ozone, and SO2 suggests possible different GOM sources: direct emissions and photochemical oxidation of GEM, with the possible influence of boundary layer dynamics and seasonal variability. This study indicates that the monitoring site experiences are impacted from local and regional mercury sources as well as large scale mercury cycling phenomena.
Differences and Similarities of Central Asian, African, and Arctic Dust Composition from a Single Particle Perspective
Authors: Kandler Konrad , Schneiders Kilian , Heuser Johannes , Waza Andebo , Aryasree Sudharaj , Althausen Dietrich , Hofer Julian , Abdullaev Sabur F. , Makhmudov Abduvosit N.
Published: March 2020

Mineral dust composition affects a multitude of processes in the atmosphere and adjacent compartments. Dust dry deposition was collected near source in northwest Africa, in Central Asia, and on Svalbard and at three locations of the African outflow regime. Samples were subjected to automated scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to obtain size and composition of 216,000 individual particles. Results show low temporal variation in estimated optical properties for each location, but considerable differences between the African, Central Asian, and Arctic regimes. No significant difference was found between the K-feldspar relative abundances, indicating comparable related ice-nucleation abilities. The mixing state between calcium and iron compounds was different for near source and transport regimes, potentially in part due to size sorting effects. As a result, in certain situations (high acid availability, limited time) atmospheric processing of the dust is expected to lead to less increased iron solubility for near-source dusts (in particular for Central Asian ones) than for transported ones (in particular of Sahelian origin).
Understanding Unreported Cases in the COVID-19 Epidemic Outbreak in Wuhan, China, and the Importance of Major Public Health Interventions
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Magal Pierre , Seydi Ousmane , Webb Glenn
Published: March 2020

We develop a mathematical model to provide epidemic predictions for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. We use reported case data up to 31 January 2020 from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission to parameterize the model. From the parameterized model, we identify the number of unreported cases. We then use the model to project the epidemic forward with varying levels of public health interventions. The model predictions emphasize the importance of major public health interventions in controlling COVID-19 epidemics.
Modeling the Efficacy of Oncolytic Adenoviruses In Vitro and In Vivo: Current and Future Perspectives
Authors: McKenna Mary K. , Rosewell-Shaw Amanda , Suzuki Masataka
Published: March 2020

Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAd) selectively target and lyse tumor cells and enhance anti- tumor immune responses. OAds have been used as promising cancer gene therapies for many years and there are a multitude of encouraging pre-clinical studies. However, translating OAd therapies to the clinic has had limited success, in part due to the lack of realistic pre-clinical models to rigorously test the efficacy of OAds. Solid tumors have a heterogenous and hostile microenvironment that provides many barriers to OAd treatment, including structural and immunosuppressive components that cannot be modeled in two-dimensional tissue culture. To replicate these characteristics and bridge the gap between pre-clinical and clinical success, studies must test OAd therapy in three-dimensional culture and animal models. This review focuses on current methods to test OAd efficacy in vitro and in vivo and the development of new model systems to test both oncolysis and immune stimulatory components of oncolytic adenovirotherapy.
Mechanical Forces and Their Effect on the Ribosome and Protein Translation Machinery
Authors: Simpson Lisa J. , Tzima Ellie , Reader John S.
Published: March 2020

Mechanical forces acting on biological systems, at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels, play an important part in shaping cellular phenotypes. There is a growing realization that biomolecules that respond to force directly applied to them, or via mechano-sensitive signalling pathways, can produce profound changes to not only transcriptional pathways, but also in protein translation. Forces naturally occurring at the molecular level can impact the rate at which the bacterial ribosome translates messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts and influence processes such as co-translational folding of a nascent protein as it exits the ribosome. In eukaryotes, force can also be transduced at the cellular level by the cytoskeleton, the cell’s internal filamentous network. The cytoskeleton closely associates with components of the translational machinery such as ribosomes and elongation factors and, as such, is a crucial determinant of localized protein translation. In this review we will give (1) a brief overview of protein translation in bacteria and eukaryotes and then discuss (2) how mechanical forces are directly involved with ribosomes during active protein synthesis and (3) how eukaryotic ribosomes and other protein translation machinery intimately associates with the mechanosensitive cytoskeleton network.
Dynamic Signatures of the Epigenome: Friend or Foe?
Authors: Machnik Marta , Oleksiewicz Urszula
Published: March 2020

Highly dynamic epigenetic signaling is influenced mainly by (micro)environmental stimuli and genetic factors. The exact mechanisms affecting particular epigenomic patterns differ dependently on the context. In the current review, we focus on the causes and effects of the dynamic signatures of the human epigenome as evaluated with the high-throughput profiling data and single-gene approaches. We will discuss three different aspects of phenotypic outcomes occurring as a consequence of epigenetics interplaying with genotype and environment. The first issue is related to the cases of environmental impacts on epigenetic profile, and its adverse and advantageous effects related to human health and evolutionary adaptation. The next topic will present a model of the interwoven co-evolution of genetic and epigenetic patterns exemplified with transposable elements (TEs) and their epigenetic repressors Krüppel-associated box zinc finger proteins (KRAB–ZNFs). The third aspect concentrates on the mitosis-based microevolution that takes place during carcinogenesis, leading to clonal diversity and expansion of tumor cells. The whole picture of epigenome plasticity and its role in distinct biological processes is still incomplete. However, accumulating data define epigenomic dynamics as an essential co-factor driving adaptation at the cellular and inter-species levels with a benefit or disadvantage to the host.
Stimulation of Fibronectin Matrix Assembly by Lysine Acetylation
Authors: Vega Maria E. , Kastberger Birgit , Wehrle-Haller Bernhard , Schwarzbauer Jean E.
Published: March 2020

Diabetic nephropathy, a devastating consequence of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) that disrupts the kidney’s filtration apparatus. Elevated glucose levels increase the deposition of a fibronectin (FN) matrix by mesangial cells, the primary matrix-producing cells of the kidney, and also increase acetyl-CoA leading to higher levels of lysine acetylation. Here, we investigated the connection between acetylation and the ECM and show that treatment of mesangial cells with deacetylase inhibitors increases both acetylation and FN matrix assembly compared to untreated cells. The matrix effects were linked to lysine 794 (K794) in the β1 integrin cytoplasmic domain based on studies of cells expressing acetylated (K794Q) and non-acetylated (K794R) mimetics. β1(K794Q) cells assembled significantly more FN matrix than wildtype β1 cells, while the non-acetylated β1(K794R) form was inactive. We show that mutation of K794 affects FN assembly by stimulating integrin-FN binding activity and cell contractility. Wildtype and β1(K794Q) cells but not β1(K794R) cells further increased their FN matrix when stimulated with deacetylase inhibitors indicating that increased acetylation on other proteins is required for maximum FN assembly. Thus, lysine acetylation provides a mechanism for glucose-induced fibrosis by up-regulation of FN matrix assembly.
Not Only Hydrogen Bonds: Other Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Frontera Antonio
Published: March 2020

In this review, we provide a consistent description of noncovalent interactions, covering most groups of the Periodic Table. Different types of bonds are discussed using their trivial names. Moreover, the new name “Spodium bonds” is proposed for group 12 since noncovalent interactions involving this group of elements as electron acceptors have not yet been named. Excluding hydrogen bonds, the following noncovalent interactions will be discussed: alkali, alkaline earth, regium, spodium, triel, tetrel, pnictogen, chalcogen, halogen, and aerogen, which almost covers the Periodic Table entirely. Other interactions, such as orthogonal interactions and π-π stacking, will also be considered. Research and applications of σ-hole and π-hole interactions involving the p-block element is growing exponentially. The important applications include supramolecular chemistry, crystal engineering, catalysis, enzymatic chemistry molecular machines, membrane ion transport, etc. Despite the fact that this review is not intended to be comprehensive, a number of representative works for each type of interaction is provided. The possibility of modeling the dissociation energies of the complexes using different models (HSAB, ECW, Alkorta-Legon) was analyzed. Finally, the extension of Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules to noncovalent is proposed.
Rosebengal-Loaded Nanoporous Structure Based on Rare Earth Metal-Organic-Framework: Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Performance
Authors: Song Kai , Yu Han , Zhang Jingyi , Bai Yumeng , Guan Yanjun , Yu Jingbo , Guo Liquan
Published: March 2020

A rosebengal-modified nanoporous structure was designed and constructed. This composite structure consisted of an organic sensitizer based on rosebengal and a supporting host of rare earth metal-organic-framework (MOF). It was identified by means of its x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Infrared (IR) spectra, thermal stability and photophysical measurements. Its absorption was increased by 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. Its rosebengal emission was proportionally increased. But its rare earth emission was well-preserved, offering ratiometric signals. These two sensing modes exhibited linear response and good selectivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.9 μM. Its sensing nature was confirmed as the combination of increased rosebengal emission and rare earth emission quenching effect triggered electron-deficient molecules. This nanoporous structure was superior to traditional ones owing to its double sensing modes.
Costs and Profitability of Crops for Bioeconomy in the EU
Authors: Panoutsou Calliope , Alexopoulou Efthymia
Published: March 2020

The bioeconomy is the cornerstone of the EU’s policy for shifting economic and societal trends towards circularity and low carbon arrangements. Europe has several crops that can be used as raw materials for this purpose, however pressure on land which might displace other activities and industrial competition for cost efficient raw materials remains a challenge. Hence, ensuring good yielding capacity and examining the likelihood to produce more by exploiting low quality, unused land can present significant opportunities to increase sustainable, locally sourced supply and at the same time offer profitable solutions to both industry and the farmers. This paper estimates the production costs of fourteen crops (oil, sugar, starch and lignocellulosic) and analyses how their profitability can be influenced by yield increases and cultivation in low quality land. Results show that there are profitable options for all crops under current market prices and land types except for cases in countries where crop productivity is rather low to sustain farm incomes. The analysis confirms that Europe has plenty crop options as raw materials for bioeconomy. Decision makers however must ensure future research and policy support are oriented towards sustainable yield increases and accelerate rehabilitation of land that is unused and of low quality.
Intelligent Fault Detection System for Microgrids
Authors: Cepeda Cristian , Orozco-Henao Cesar , Percybrooks Winston , Pulgarín-Rivera Juan Diego , Montoya Oscar Danilo , Gil-González Walter , Vélez Juan Carlos
Published: March 2020

The dynamic features of microgrid operation, such as on-grid/off-grid operation mode, the intermittency of distributed generators, and its dynamic topology due to its ability to reconfigure itself, cause misfiring of conventional protection schemes. To solve this issue, adaptive protection schemes that use robust communication systems have been proposed for the protection of microgrids. However, the cost of this solution is significantly high. This paper presented an intelligent fault detection (FD) system for microgrids on the basis of local measurements and machine learning (ML) techniques. This proposed FD system provided a smart level to intelligent electronic devices (IED) installed on the microgrid through the integration of ML models. This allowed each IED to autonomously determine if a fault occurred on the microgrid, eliminating the requirement of robust communication infrastructure between IEDs for microgrid protection. Additionally, the proposed system presented a methodology composed of four stages, which allowed its implementation in any microgrid. In addition, each stage provided important recommendations for the proper use of ML techniques on the protection problem. The proposed FD system was validated on the modified IEEE 13-nodes test feeder. This took into consideration typical features of microgrids such as the load imbalance, reconfiguration, and off-grid/on-grid operation modes. The results demonstrated the flexibility and simplicity of the FD system in determining the best accuracy performance among several ML models. The ease of design’s implementation, formulation of parameters, and promising test results indicated the potential for real-life applications.
Assessment of Reducing Pollutant Emissions in Selected Heating and Ventilation Systems in Single-Family Houses
Authors: Hałacz Joanna , Skotnicka-Siepsiak Aldona , Neugebauer Maciej
Published: March 2020

The article presents the results of a study aiming to select the optimal source of heat for a newly designed single-family home. Commercial software was used to compare heating and ventilation systems involving a bituminous coal boiler, a condensing gas boiler, a biomass boiler, a heat pump with water and glycol as heat transfer media. The effectiveness of natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation with a ground-coupled heat exchanger, and solar heater panels for water heating were evaluated. The analysis was based on the annual demand for useful energy, final energy, and non-renewable primary energy in view of the pollution output of the evaluated heating systems. The analysis revealed that the heat pump with water and glycol was the optimal solution. However, the performance of the heat pump in real-life conditions was below its maximum theoretical efficiency. The biomass boiler contributed to the highest reduction in pollutant emissions (according to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Change guidelines, carbon dioxide emissions have zero value), but it was characterized by the highest demand for final energy. Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery was required in all analyzed systems to achieve optimal results. The introduction of mechanical ventilation decreased the demand for final energy by 10% to around 40% relative to the corresponding heating systems with natural ventilation.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Flow Resistance and Bubble Transport in a Helical Static Mixer
Authors: Yuan Fangyang , Cui Zhengwei , Lin Jianzhong
Published: March 2020

Flow resistance and bubble transport in a helical static mixer were studied experimentally and numerically. The inline mixer increases the volume fraction of gas in liquids by breaking bubbles into smaller sizes with a micrometer size in the flow experiments. The gas–liquid flow was simulated by a combination of computational fluid dynamics and Taylor expansion methods of moments. The friction factor of the helical static mixer is much smaller than that of the Kenics static mixers. The pressure drop increases with the Reynolds number, and the increment is larger when the Reynolds number is higher. The equidistant pressure drop increases with the argument of Reynolds number, and increases when the pitch decreases from upstream to downstream. The energy expenditure increases significantly when the variable-pitch coefficient is too small. The bubble geometric mean diameter decreases and the geometric standard deviation increases when the gas–liquid fluid flows through the mixer. The variable pitch structure enhances the bubble breakup effectively. The change of the bubble size decreases with the argument of the Reynolds number. The effect of the mixer has a limitation on breaking the bubbles.