bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agent‐based modeling of the spread of the 1918–1919 flu in three Canadian fur trading communities
Authors: O'neil Caroline A. , Sattenspiel Lisa
Published: August 2010

Objectives:Previous attempts to study the 1918–1919 flu in three small communities in central Manitoba have used both three‐community population‐based and single‐community agent‐based models. These studies identified critical factors influencing epidemic spread, but they also left important questions unanswered. The objective of this project was to design a more realistic agent‐based model that would overcome limitations of earlier models and provide new insights into these outstanding questions.

Methods:The new model extends the previous agent‐based model to three communities so that results can be compared to those from the population‐based model. Sensitivity testing was conducted, and the new model was used to investigate the influence of seasonal settlement and mobility patterns, the geographic heterogeneity of the observed 1918–1919 epidemic in Manitoba, and other questions addressed previously.

Results:Results confirm outcomes from the population‐based model that suggest that (a) social organization and mobility strongly influence the timing and severity of epidemics and (b) the impact of the epidemic would have been greater if it had arrived in the summer rather than the winter. New insights from the model suggest that the observed heterogeneity among communities in epidemic impact was not unusual and would have been the expected outcome given settlement structure and levels of interaction among communities.

Conclusions:Application of an agent‐based computer simulation has helped to better explain observed patterns of spread of the 1918–1919 flu epidemic in central Manitoba. Contrasts between agent‐based and population‐based models illustrate the advantages of agent‐based models for the study of small populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal hemoglobin depletion in a settled Northern Kenyan pastoral population
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M.
Published: August 2010

Objectives: This study examines maternal hemoglobin depletion in a cross‐sectional sample of Ariaal women living in northern Kenya. Maternal hemoglobin depletion occurs when women do not have enough dietary iron to replace the high levels of iron allocated to the fetus during pregnancy.

Methods: To study this phenomenon, reproductive histories, socioeconomic status, anthropometry, and hemoglobin levels were collected from a cross‐section of 200 lactating Ariaal women in northern Kenya.

Results: Ariaal women show increasing levels of hemoglobin with increasing time since birth and lower hemoglobin levels with increasing parity, indicating an incomplete repletion of dietary iron over women's reproductive lifetime. Women who lived in a more livestock‐dependent village had higher hemoglobin levels and lower prevalence of clinical anemia than women who lived in villages more dependent on agriculture, indicating that differences in diet may alleviate the effects of iron depletion.

Conclusions: These data demonstrate that Ariaal women are iron depleted due to pregnancy, incompletely replete hemoglobin during the course of lactation, and show depletion of hemoglobin with increasing parity. Women in this community may be able to improve their iron status through a greater reliance on food sources rich in dietary iron. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Responsiveness of the reproductive axis to a single missed evening meal in young adult males
Authors: Trumble Benjamin C. , Brindle Eleanor , Kupsik Michalina , O'Connor Kathleen A.
Published: August 2010

Objectives: The male reproductive axis is responsive to energetic deficits, including multiday fasts, but little is known about brief periods of fasting (<24 hours). Reduced testosterone in low‐energy balance situations is hypothesized to reflect redirection of resources from reproduction to survival. This study tests the hypothesis that testosterone levels decrease during a minor caloric deficiency by assessing the effects of a single missed (evening) meal on morning testosterone in 23 healthy male participants, age 19–36.

Methods: Participants provided daily saliva and urine samples for two baseline days and the morning following an evening fast (water only after 4 PM). Testosterone, cortisol, and luteinizing hormone were measured with enzyme immunoassays.

Results: Fasting specimens had significantly lower overnight urinary luteinizing hormone (P = 0.045) and morning salivary testosterone than baseline (P = 0.037). In contrast to morning salivary testosterone, there was a significant increase in overnight urinary testosterone (P = 0.000) following the evening fast, suggesting an increase in urinary clearance rates. There was a marginal increase in overnight urinary cortisol (P = 0.100), but not morning salivary cortisol (P = 0.589).

Conclusion: These results suggest the male reproductive axis may react more quickly to energetic imbalances than has been previously appreciated. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secular change in the timing of dental root maturation in Portuguese boys and girls
Authors: Cardoso Hugo F.V. , Heuzé Yann , Júlio Paula
Published: August 2010

Although secular changes in human growth are frequently reported in the literature, a secular trend in dental maturation has not been consistently shown to date.

Objectives:

In this study, we compare root formation in a modern sample of living Portuguese children (n = 521), between 6 and 18 years of age, with that of a similar sample of known sex and age Portuguese child skeletons (n = 114), who lived half a century earlier, to assess secular change in dental maturation.

Methods:

The roots of seven developing permanent mandibular teeth were assessed for their maturation in both samples. The median age‐of‐attainment of root stages was calculated using logistic regression and compared between the samples. The potential influence of mortality bias in root development of the skeletal sample was tested.

Results:

No mortality bias effect was detected. We find that the dentition of modern Portuguese boys and girls mature on average 1.22 years and 1.47 years earlier, respectively, compared to their counterparts born one half a century before. Our results also suggest that an earlier timing of attainment of root formation maturational stages was not accompanied by a change in the overall duration of root formation.

Conclusions:

We demonstrate a clear and consistent acceleration in dental root maturation due to secular changes and show that the plasticity in dental development in response to environmental factors is greater than previously thought. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioarchaeological analysis of diet during the Coles Creek period in the southern Lower Mississippi Valley
Authors: Listi Ginesse A.
Published: August 2010

The timing of the dietary shift from foraging to maize agriculture, and the speed at which such practices were adopted, are important considerations in the cultural evolution of the New World. In the southern Lower Mississippi Valley, maize agriculture traditionally was believed to have been practiced during the Coles Creek period (A.D. 700–1200); however, direct evidence for maize is lacking in the archaeological record prior to A.D. 1000. The present study examines Coles Creek diet from a bioarchaeological perspective. Oral‐health indicators, including abscesses, antemortem tooth loss, calculus, carious lesions, periodontal disease, and tooth wear, were evaluated in a regional, temporal context. Data were collected from 288 dentitions from eight sites in the southern Lower Mississippi Valley that range in date from 800 B.C. to A.D. 1200. The sample then was separated into Pre‐Coles Creek and Coles Creek categories and statistical analyses were used to assess temporal variation in pathology load. Results indicate that pathology load in the Coles Creek sample is slightly heavier than the Pre‐Coles Creek sample; however, the differences are not substantial. Furthermore, data suggest that regional differences in resource exploitation existed between the Lower Mississippi Valley and populations elsewhere in the eastern United States. Specifically, the presence of starchy native plants other than maize in the diet likely contributed to a high pathology load for early hunter‐gatherers. Ultimately, data from this study complement the archaeological, botanical, and zooarchaeological records and indicate that Coles Creek subsistence was not based on maize agriculture. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technical note: A method for assignment of the weight of characters
Authors: Muzzio M. , Muzzio J.C. , Bravi C.M. , Bailliet G.
Published: August 2010

The weight of characters is a crucial step in different population analyses. We propose a new formula to facilitate this while establishing a scale that follows the criteria of the probability of change in each character. This method is described for drawing of median‐joining networks, yet it could also be used for other methods in which the weight of the characters is required. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetic analysis of the African papionin basicranium using 3‐D geometric morphometrics: The need for improved methods to account for allometric effects
Authors: Gilbert Christopher C.
Published: August 2010

The basicranium has been argued to contain a strong phylogenetic signal in previous analyses of primate cranial morphology. Therefore, further study of basicranial morphology may offer new insights into controversial phylogenetic relationships within primate groups. In this study, I apply 3‐D geometric morphometric techniques in a phylogenetic analysis of the African papionin basicranium. The effects of allometry strongly influence African papionin basicranial morphology and, unless these size effects are controlled or eliminated, phylogenetic analyses suggest traditional phylogenetic groupings of small taxa (mangabeys) and large taxa (geladas, mandrills, drills, and baboons). When the effects of allometry are eliminated by excluding size‐correlated principal components (PCs) or by regression analysis with retention of residuals, phylogenetic analyses of African papionin basicranial morphology are incongruent with recent molecular and morphological studies. By contrast, a cladistic analysis of basicranial characters using the narrow allometric coding method suggests the same phylogenetic relationships as recent molecular and morphological studies. These results suggest that important phylogenetic information is contained within the size‐correlated data, and this information is being discarded during the attempt to eliminate the effects of body size. Future 3‐D morphometric studies of phylogeny should focus on the development of new methodologies to adjust for allometric effects, as current techniques appear to be ill‐equipped to deal with the case of a size‐disparate, lower‐level taxonomic group. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apple Down 152: A putative case of syphilis from sixth century AD Anglo‐Saxon England
Authors: Cole Garrard , Waldron Tony
Published: August 2010

This report describes a putative case of a treponemal infection observed on a skeleton of a young male adult from the Apple Down Anglo‐Saxon cemetery dating to the sixth century AD, accompanied by grave goods indicative of a high status burial. The skeleton is well preserved and almost complete. The pathological evidence includes an extensive area of lytic destruction to the frontal bone of the skull, widespread profuse bilateral symmetrical periosteal reaction affecting scapulae, clavicles, arms, legs, hands, feet and ribs. There is also evidence of gummatous destruction on some of the long bones. Application of a differential diagnosis of all probable diseases exhibiting the individual symptoms leads to a clear conclusion that the person was infected with a treponemal pathogen. The skeleton shows none of the stigmata associated with the congenital form of treponemal disease. We propose that the evidence suggests a possible case of venereal syphilis rather than one of the endemic forms of treponemal disease. This diagnosis is based on the geographical pathogen range, the apparent low prevalence of the disease, significant social upheaval at the time, the high social status and early age of death of the individual. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endocrinology of year‐round reproduction in a highly seasonal habitat: Environmental variability in testosterone and glucocorticoids in baboon males
Authors: Gesquiere Laurence R. , Onyango Patrick O. , Alberts Susan C. , Altmann Jeanne
Published: August 2010

In conditions characterized by energetic constraints, such as in periods of low food availability, some trade‐offs between reproduction and self‐maintenance may be necessary; even year‐round breeders may then be forced to exhibit some reproductive seasonality. Prior research has largely focused on female reproduction and physiology, and few studies have evaluated the impact of environmental factors on males. Here we assessed the effects of season and ambient temperatures on fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) and testosterone (fT) levels in male baboons in Amboseli, Kenya. The Amboseli basin is a highly challenging, semiarid tropical habitat that is characterized by strongly seasonal patterns of rainfall and by high ambient temperatures. We previously reported that female baboons were impacted by these challenging environmental conditions. We ask here whether male baboons in the same environment and groups as females exhibit similar physiological effects. We found that after accounting for male age and individual variability, males exhibited higher fGC levels and lower fT levels during the dry season than during the wet season. Furthermore, fT but not fGC levels were lower in months of high average daily maximum temperatures, suggesting a direct impact of heat on testes. Our results demonstrate that male baboons, like females, experience ecological stress that alters their reproductive physiology. The impact of the environment on male reproduction deserves more attention both in its own right and because alteration in male physiology may contribute to the reduction in female fertility observed inchallenging environments. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semiconductor Gas Sensors: Dry Synthesis and Application
Authors: Tricoli Antonio , Righettoni Marco , Teleki Alexandra
Published: August 2010

Since the development of the first chemoresistive metal oxide based gas sensors, transducers with innovative properties have been prepared by a variety of wet‐ and dry‐deposition methods. Among these, direct assembly of nanostructured films from the gas phase promises simple fabrication and control and with the appropriate synthesis and deposition methods nm to μm thick films, can be prepared. Dense structures are achieved by tuning chemical or vapor deposition methods whereas particulate films are obtained by deposition of airborne, mono‐ or polydisperse, aggregated or agglomerated nanoparticles. Innovative materials in non‐equilibrium or sub‐stoichiometric states are captured by rapid cooling during their synthesis. This Review presents some of the most common chemical and vapor‐deposition methods for the synthesis of semiconductor metal oxide based detectors for chemical gas sensors. In addition, the synthesis of highly porous films by novel aerosol methods is discussed. A direct comparison of structural and chemical properties with sensing performance is given.
The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Hunder Gene G. , Bloch Daniel A. , Michel Beat A. , Stevens Mary Betty , Arend William P. , Calabrese Leonard H. , Edworthy Steven M. , Fauci Anthony S. , Leavitt Randi Y. , Lie J. T. , Lightfoot Robert W. , Masi Alfonse T. , McShane Dennis J. , Mills John A. , Wallace Stanley L. , Zvaifler Nathan J.
Published: August 2010

Criteria for the classification of giant cell (temporal) arteritis were developed by comparing 214 patients who had this disease with 593 patients with other forms of vasculitis. For the traditional format classification, 5 criteria were selected: age ≥50 years at disease onset, new onset of localized headache, temporal artery tenderness or decreased temporal artery pulse, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren) ≥50 mm/hour, and biopsy sample including an artery, showing necrotizing arteritis, characterized by a predominance of mononuclear cell infiltrates or a granulomatous process with multinucleated giant cells. The presence of 3 or more of these 5 criteria was associated with a sensitivity of 93.5% and a specificity of 91.2%. A classification tree was also constructed using 6 criteria. These criteria were the same as for the traditional format, except that elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate was excluded, and 2 other variables were included: scalp tenderness and claudication of the jaw or tongue or on deglutition. The classification tree was associated with a sensitivity of 95.3% and specificity of 90.7%.
The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of takayasu arteritis
Authors: Arend William P. , Michel Beat A. , Bloch Daniel A. , Hunder Gene G. , Calabrese Leonard H. , Edworthy Steven M. , Fauci Anthony S. , Leavitt Randi Y. , Lie J. T. , Lightfoot Robert W. , Masi Alfonse T. , McShane Dennis J. , Mills John A. , Stevens Mary Betty , Wallace Stanley L. , Zvaifler Nathan J.
Published: August 2010

Criteria for the classification of Takayasu arteritis were developed by comparing 63 patients who had this disease with 744 control patients with other forms of vasculitis. Six criteria were selected for the traditional format classification: onset at age ≤40 years, claudication of an extremity, decreased brachial artery pulse, >10 mm Hg difference in systolic blood pressure between arms, a bruit over the subclavian arteries or the aorta, and arteriographic evidence of narrowing or occlusion of the entire aorta, its primary branches, or large arteries in the proximal upper or lower extremities. The presence of 3 or more of these 6 criteria demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 97.8%. A classification tree also was constructed with 5 of these 6 criteria, omitting claudication of an extremity. The classification tree demonstrated a sensitivity of 92.1% and a specificity of 97.0%.
Inhibition of Leukotriene B4 synthesis in neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis by a single oral dose of methotrexate
Authors: Sperling Richard I. , Coblyn Jonathan S. , Larkin John K. , Benincaso Anthony I. , Frank Austen K. , Weinblatt Michael E.
Published: August 2010

We studied the effects of a single, oral dose of methotrexate (MTX) on arachidonic acid metabolism in neutrophils from 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which were obtained 1 day before and 1 day after their usual weekly MTX dose. The 6 patients had received a mean weekly MTX dose of 9.6 mg (range 5–15) for a mean of 61.7 months (range 58–64), and none received concomitant corticosteroids. Total generation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in neutrophils stimulated ex vivo with 10 μM calcium ionophore A23187 for 20 minutes was significantly suppressed, by a mean of 53%, after the MTX dose compared with the predose levels (mean ± SEM 13.0 ± 1.4 ng/106 cells versus 6.0 ± 0.9 ng/106 cells; P = 0.0019), reflecting a comparable suppression of both released and cell‐retained LTB4. A 49% decrease in ω‐oxidation products of LTB4 demonstrates that decreased LTB4 synthesis, rather than increased degradation, is responsible for the decrease in LTB4 generation. The absence of a significant change in either 3H‐labeled arachidonic acid release or platelet‐activating factor generation indicates that the observed decrease in LTB4 synthesis was apparently not caused by diminished phospholipase A2 activity. A 28% decrease in the total formation of the 5‐lipoxygenase products 5‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and the 6‐trans‐LTB4 diastereoisomers, and a 48% suppression of production of LTB4 plus its ω‐oxidation metabolites after the MTX dose suggest inhibition of 5‐lipoxygenase activity and possible suppression of leukotriene A4 epoxide hydrolase activity.
Enhanced prostaglandin E2 secretion by cytokine‐stimulated human synoviocytes in the presence of subtherapeutic concentrations of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Authors: Lindsley Herbert B. , Smith Donald D.
Published: August 2010

Human synoviocytes were stimulated for 48 hours or 72 hours with cytokines (recombinant interleukin‐1β and/or recombinant tumor necrosis factor α) in the presence or absence of selected nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The drugs were tested at subtherapeutic and clinically therapeutic levels, as follows: piroxicam 0.3 pM to 3 × 106 pM, sodium salicylate 30 nM to 3 × 106 nM, and indomethacin 3 pM to 3 × 106 pM. At low concentrations, all 3 drugs showed significant enhancement of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion (piroxicam, salicylate > indomethacin). At high, clinically therapeutic concentrations, all drugs showed suppression of PGE2 secretion (indomethacin > piroxicam > salicylate). The enhancement of PGE2 secretion may be partially responsible for the flare of arthralgia or arthritis frequently seen after termination of drug therapy.
Low levels of interleukin‐4 and high levels of transforming growth factor β in rheumatoid synovitis
Authors: Miossec Pierre , Naviliat Mercedes , D'Angeac Arnaud Dupuy , Sany Jacques , Banchereau Jacques
Published: August 2010

Since interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) displays agonistic effects on both T and B cells, we studied whether this lymphokine is involved in rheumatoid synovitis, a disease characterized by intense T cell infiltration and B cell stimulation. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluids (RA SF) contained no (<15 pg/ml) or very low amounts (<25 pg/ml) of IL‐4, as measured by a sensitive and specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. No IL‐4 was produced by unstimulated rheumatoid synovial membrane. RA SF were found to inhibit phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)‐dependent proliferation of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). An inhibitory fraction with an apparent molecular weight of 150 kd was isolated by gel filtration. The inhibitory fraction strongly blocked the proliferation of PBL induced by PMA, PMA + IL‐2, or PMA + IL‐4. However, this fraction was less effective in blocking the proliferation of PBL induced by PMA + IL‐2 + IL‐4. High levels of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) were found in these RA SF, and an anti‐TGFβ antibody was able to partially reduce the inhibitory activity. RA SF were found to inhibit phytohemagglutinin‐induced IL‐4 production by PBL. These data indicate that IL‐4, similar to other T cell lymphokines, cannot be detected in RA SF and that RA SF contains an inhibitory activity, related in part to TGFβ, which blocks mitogen‐induced proliferation of PBL, at least in part through an inhibition of T cell‐derived lymphokine release.
Serologic and molecular characterization of a human monoclonal rheumatoid factor derived from rheumatoid synovial cells
Authors: Robbins Dick L. , Kenny Thomas P. , Coloma Maria J. , Gavilondo‐Cowley Jorge V. , Soto‐Gil Rafael W. , Chen Pojen P. , Larrick James W.
Published: August 2010

Molecular characterization of rheumatoid factors (RF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been hampered because of their polyclonality. To overcome this problem, we generated monoclonal RF‐secreting hybridomas from rheumatoid synovial cells. Among the RF‐secreting hybridomas, HAF10 secreted an IgM‐RF that was monospecific for human IgG. It bound well to IgG1 and IgG2, but not to IgG3 and IgG4. Sequence analysis of its heavy and light chains showed that it contained a VH1 heavy chain and a Vλ light chain that did not belong to any known λ light chain subgroup, and therefore, probably represented a new λ subgroup. These results indicated that both the heavy and light chains of a monoclonal IgM‐RF from rheumatoid synovial cells were quite different from the reported variable region sequences of several monoclonal RF derived mainly from patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Further studies of additional monoclonal RF from RA patients are warranted to define precisely their genetic basis and to further our understanding of the immunopathology of RA.
Association of autoantibodies to myeloperoxidase with different forms of vasculitis
Authors: Tervaert J. W. Cohen , Goldschmeding R. , Elema J. D. , Limburg P. C. , van der Giessen M. , Huitema M. G. , Koolen M. I. , Hené R. J. , The T. H. , van der Hem G. K. , von dem Borne A. E. G. Kr. , Kallenberg C. G. M.
Published: August 2010

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies with specificity for myeloperoxidase (MPO) were found in 53 patient sera that were routinely submitted for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody determination. Based on clinical and histologic criteria, 15 of these 53 patients were classified as having systemic necrotizing vasculitis of the polyarteritis group, 11 patients were classified as having Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), and 14 were classified as having idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis. The remaining 13 patients did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for these disorders, although most of these patients had clinical symptoms compatible with these disorders. While all patients with WG had renal involvement, only 4 of the 15 patients with systemic necrotizing vasculitis of the polyarteritis group had glomerulonephritis. The sensitivity of autoantibodies to MPO for either systemic necrotizing vasculitis of the polyarteritis group, WG, or idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis was further tested in all our patients with these disorders (n = 104). Twenty‐seven of 104 patients had autoantibodies to MPO. Furthermore, 69 of the remaining 77 patients had autoantibodies specific for the 29‐kd serine protease, which has been reported to be specifically associated with WG. Sera from 8 patients were negative for either of these antibodies (92% sensitivity of autoantibodies to MPO and/or the 29‐kd serine protease). The specificity of autoantibodies to MPO for either systemic necrotizing vasculitis of the polyarteritis group, WG, or idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis was also tested in selected groups of patients who had closely related diseases. Two of 144 patients had autoantibodies to MPO (specificity 99%). We conclude that these antibodies are not only associated with idiopathic and vasculitis‐associated crescentic glomerulonephritis, but also with classic polyarteritis nodosa, Churg‐Strauss syndrome, and the polyangiitis overlap syndrome without renal involvement. The presence of autoantibodies to MPO or the 29‐kd serine protease is highly sensitive and specific for systemic necrotizing vasculitis of the polyarteritis group, WG, and idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis.
Immediate “steroid flare” from intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide injection: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Berger Robert G. , Yount William J.
Published: August 2010

We describe a patient who had an immediate, intense, localized synovitis due to intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide injection. The reaction was secondary to rapid intracellular ingestion of the steroid microcrystals as demonstrated by compensated polarized microscopy. We report the unique nature of this patient's response, and we review previous literature regarding “steroid flare” after intraarticular injection.
The effect of diltiazem on calcinosis in a patient with the crest syndrome
Authors: Farah Maged J. , Palmieri Genaro M. A. , Sebes Jeno I. , Cremer Michael A. , Massie James D. , Pinals Robert S.
Published: August 2010

We describe a patient with a 23‐year history of progressive calcinosis and features of the CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasias) who was treated with diltiazem, 240 mg/day, for 5 years. No clinical exacerbation of calcinosis occurred during treatment. Radiographs showed no new lesions, and there was reduction in the size of the existing lesions. Bone scans revealed a progressive decrease in the uptake of the radionuclide by soft tissue foci. We propose that diltiazem may stop the progression of calcinosis by reducing the cellular calcium influx in affected tissues.
Exploring the Limits of Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry with Alkynes: Detection of a System that Favors 1,1‐Carboboration over Cooperative 1,2‐P/B‐Addition
Authors: Chen Chao , Eweiner Florian , Wibbeling Birgit , Fröhlich Roland , Senda Shunsuke , Ohki Yasuhiro , Tatsumi Kazuyuki , Grimme Stefan , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: August 2010

The zirconocene complex [{(C6F5)2B‐(CH2)3‐Cp}(Cp‐PtBu2)ZrCl2] (6; Cp=cyclo‐C5H4) was prepared by hydroboration of [(allyl‐Cp)(Cp‐PtBu2)ZrCl2] (5) with HB(C6F5)2 (“Piers’ borane”). It represents a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) in which both the Lewis acid and the Lewis base were attached at the metallocene framework. Its reaction with 1‐pentyne did not result in the 1,2‐addition of or deprotonation reaction by the FLP, but rather in the 1,1‐carboboration of the triple bond, thereby obtaining a Z/E mixture (1.2:1) of the respective organometallic substituted alkenes 7. The analogous reaction of 1‐pentyne with the phosphorous‐free system [{(C6F5)2B‐(CH2)3‐Cp)}CpZrCl2] (9) gave the respective 1,1‐carboboration products (Z‐10/E‐10≈1.3:1).
Observer‐based finite‐time stabilization for extended Markov jump systems
Authors: Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei , Shi Peng
Published: August 2010

In this paper, we study the problem of observer‐based finite‐time stabilization for a class of extended Markov jump systems with norm‐bounded uncertainties and external disturbances. The stochastic character under consideration is governed by a finite‐state Markov process, but with only partial information on the transition jump rates. Based on the finite‐time stability analysis, sufficient conditions for the existence of the observer‐based controller are derived via a linear matrix inequality approach such that the closed‐loop system trajectory stays within a prescribed bound in a fixed time interval. When these conditions are satisfied, the designed observer‐based controller gain matrices can be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches proposed in this paper.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Cu3SbSe3.
Authors: PFITZNER A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High Ionic Conductivity of Solid Solutions of Lithium Sulfate in Hexagonal Sodium Sulfate Na2SO4 (I).
Authors: LUNDEN A. , NILSSON L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrite with Silicotungstic Heteropolyanion.
Authors: DONG S. , XI X. , TIAN M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Fullerenes and Endohedral Metallofullerenes: Preparation in a Radiofrequency Furnace.
Authors: JANSEN M. , PETERS G. , WAGNER N.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: State and Crystal Structure of the Products of the Reaction of SiC with SiO2.
Authors: KHAENKO B. V. , PRILUTSKII E. V. , MIKHAILIK A. A. , KARPETS M. V. , KRAINIKOV A. V.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal and Molecular Structure of Cesium Hexakis( fluorosulfato)antimonate(V) and Its Role in the HSO3F‐Sb(SO3F)5 Conjugate Superacid System.
Authors: ZHANG D. , RETTIG S. J. , TROTTER J. , AUBKE F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Three New Compounds Containing (Nb6Cl12)2+ Units as Hydrated Hydroxides.
Authors: BRNICEVIC N. , PLANINIC P. , MCCARLEY R. E. , ANTOLIC S. , LUIC M. , KOJIC‐PRODIC B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of the Novel Diphosphate Rb(Ni0.35Cr0.3Ti0.35) P2O7. ‐ The new title diphosphate is prepared from NiO, Cr2
Authors: YAKUBOVICH O. V. , DIMITROVA O. V. , STRELKOVA E. E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Lewis Acid‐Controlled Synthesis of Both Diastereomers. Enantioselective Synthesis of Both syn‐ and anti‐2,3‐Dihydroxy Ester Derivatives from the Same Starting Materials via Asymmetric Aldol Reactions by Choice of Chiral Ligands.
Authors: KOBAYASHI S. , HAYASHI T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Resolution of Methano‐1H‐cyclooct(b)indol‐9‐ol Enantiomers and Their Absolute Configuration
Authors: BUTKUS E. , MALINAUSKENE YU. , KADZYAUSKAS P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,6‐Asymmetric Introduction in Reactions Between 6‐Hydroxy‐5‐methylhex‐ 2‐enyl(tributyl)stannane and Aldehydes Promoted by Tin(IV) Bromide.
Authors: STANWAY S. J. , THOMAS E. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconocene‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of Dihydrofurans.
Authors: VISSER M. S. , HOVEYDA A. H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Resolution of the Sterically Hindered myo‐Inositol Derivative.
Authors: LING L. , OZAKI S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymes in Organic Chemistry. Part 2. Lipase‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis of 1‐ Acyloxy‐2‐arylethylphosphonates and Synthesis of Phosphonic Acid Analogues of L‐Phenylalanine and L‐Tyrosine.
Authors: DRESCHER M. , LI Y.‐F. , HAMMERSCHMIDT F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(Trimethylsilyl)benzotriazole‐Assisted Addition of Grignard Reagents to Imines: A Versatile Approach to Aliphatic Secondary Amines.
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , HONG Q. , YANG Z.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Cycloaddition Reactions of Substituted‐N‐(Arylsulfonyl) aziridines with Aryl and Alkyl Isothiocyanates in the Presence of Sodium Iodide as Catalyst.
Authors: NADIR U. K. , BASU N.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of (3)Cumulenes via 1,4‐Elimination of Hydroxytrimethylsilane from 4‐(Trimethylsilyl)‐2‐butyn‐1‐ols.
Authors: WANG K. K. , LIU B. , LU Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydropyran Ring‐Opening Reactions Promoted by SmI2.
Authors: ENHOLM E. J. , SCHREIER J. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselectivity in the Michael‐Type Addition of Imines Reacting as Their Secondary Enamine Tautomers.
Authors: PFAU M. , TOMAS A. , LIM S. , REVIAL G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Free‐Radical Reactions of Carbohydrate Derivatives in the Synthesis of Carbocyclic Compounds. Part 3. Cyclization of Methyl 3‐O‐Benzyl‐6‐ bromo‐2‐methoxycarbonylmethylene‐4,6‐dideoxy‐α(β)‐D‐ erythrohexapyranosides and Methyl 3,4‐Di‐O‐benzyl‐6‐bromo‐2‐ methoxycarbonylmethylene‐6‐deoxy‐α‐D‐arabinohexapyranoside.
Authors: SVIRIDOV A. F. , FROLOV A. B. , KOCHETKOV N. K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Amines and Ammonium Compounds. Part 225. Behavior of Propargyl‐ and Allyl(propargyl)ammonium Salts in Aqueous Alkaline Medium. Synthesis of 2‐Methyl‐2‐phenylbenzo(f)isoindolinium and 2‐ Methyl‐2‐phenylisoindolinium Salts.
Authors: CHUKHADZHYAN E. O. , MANASYAN L. A. , CHUKHADZHYAN EL. O. , SHAKHATUNI K. G. , BABAYAN A. T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocycles on the Basis of 1‐Bromo‐3‐(1‐adamantyl) propane.
Authors: MAKAROVA N. V. , ZEMTSOVA M. N. , MOISEEV J. K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate Control of Diastereoselectivity in Zirconium(II) Mediated Enyne Cyclizations.
Authors: PAGENKOPF B. L. , LUND E. C. , LIVINGHOUSE T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Rearrangement of 2,5‐Diaryl‐3,3,4,4‐tetracyanopyrrolidines.
Authors: NASAKIN O. E. , LYSHCHIKOV A. N. , LUKIN P. M. , BULAI A. KH.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aza‐Payne Rearrangement of Activated 2‐Aziridinemethanols and 2,3‐ Epoxy Amines under Basic Conditions.
Authors: IBUKA T. , NAKAI K. , HABASHITA H. , HOTTA Y. , OTAKA A. , TAMAMURA H. , FUJII N. , MIMURA N. , MIWA Y. , TAGA T. , CHOUNAN Y. , YAMAMOTO Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Condensed β‐Lactams. Part 22. An Unprecedented Ring Transformation Accompanying Dephthaloylation of a 3‐ Phthalimidoazetidin‐2‐one.
Authors: FETTER J. , VASARHELYI H. , KAJTAR‐PEREDY M. , LEMPERT K. , TAMAS J. , CZIRA G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Contraction of Cyclobutanes and a Novel Cascade Reaction: Application to Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Anthoplalone and (.+‐.)‐Lepidozene.
Authors: IHARA M. , TANIGUCHI T. , TOKUNAGA Y. , FUKUMOTO K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Epoxidation of Alkenes with Oxone.
Authors: DENMARK S. E. , FORBES D. C. , HAYS D. S. , DEPUE J. S. , WILDE R. G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Reinvestigation of the Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley Reduction: A Highly Efficient Variation Using Zirconium Catalysts.
Authors: KNAUER B. , KROHN K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselectivity in the OsO4‐Catalyzed Dihydroxylation of 5‐(p‐ Toluenesulfonamido)‐3‐hexen‐2‐ol Derivatives.
Authors: PETTERSSON‐FASTH H. , GOGOLL A. , BAECKVALL J.‐E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unsymmetrical Ketone Synthesis via a Three‐Component Connection Reaction of Organozincs, Allylating Agents, and Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: YASUI K. , FUGAMI K. , TANAKA S. , TAMARU Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Allylic and Related Organozirconiums Through a Highly Effective Zirconium‐β‐Alkoxide Elimination Reaction.
Authors: ITO H. , NAKAMURA T. , TAGUCHI T. , HANZAWA Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Perfluoro‐1,2‐di‐tert‐butylacetylene.
Authors: DELYAGINA N. I. , CHERSTKOV V. F. , STERLIN S. R. , GERMAN L. S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.