bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metodik til studiet af strategiske ledelsesprocesser i organisationer
Authors: Rasmussen Jørgen Gulddahl
Published: December 2018

Denne artikel handler om at skabe viden om en hverdagspraksis, der sjældent er sat ord på. Den behandler de ledelsesprocesser, der i virksomheder producerer strategi og omsætter sådanne strategier i produktive handlinger. Det er processer, der i små og mellemstore virksomheder er præget af intuition og af meget uformelle samspil mellem virksomhedsledere og medarbejdere. Metodikken er en videreudvikling af de metoder til produktion af kvalitative data, som FIRM-gruppen har eksperimenteret med gennem nogle år. Artiklen kan ses som en afrapportering af et flerårigt metodeudviklingsarbejde. Da erfaringer fra sådanne virksomheder viser, at strategiske processer i høj grad udvikler sig gennem uformel kommunikation, og at lederes intuition spiller en meget stor rolle, arbejder metodikken med en struktureret udviklingsdialog mellem et mindre antal virksomhedsledere med strategiske opgaver og forskere. Denne udviklingsdialog har til formål at følge og forstå de processer, der skaber ledernes egne praksisrelaterede ”teorier” for strategisk handling. Efter en præsentation af temaet gennemgås metodikkens praktiske fremgangsmåde med undersøgelser i en række virksomheder, opbygning af cases i samarbejde med ledere fra disse virksomheder, diskussion af disse og foreløbige konklusioner hen mod de næste trin i metodikken. Artiklen er skrevet samtidigt med arbejdet på et igangværende forskningsprojekt og vil derfor både være en præsentation og en udvikling af muligheder og vanskeligheder i metodikken.
Using conjoint interviews with couples that have been living with disabilities and illnesses for a long time – implications and insights
Authors: Torgé Cristina Joy
Published: December 2018

This article discusses conjoint interviews and takes its starting point from a study with nine older couples who have been living with disabilities for a long period of time. Conjoint interviewing where dyads are interviewed together produces a different kind of data from individual interviews – specifically data that conduce different ways of talking about “we-ness” and produce interaction between the participants. This article discusses how this appeared in a study that was interested in the understandings and actualizations of spousal care when both have a disability or illness. The method leads to an analysis centered on mutuality and has potential to problematize traditional caring tasks and caring roles in the context of living with disability or chronic illness. Potentials and limitations of the method are discussed.
Presentation - Social and Family Management of Health Problems
Authors: Aubry François , Audy Émilie , Marchand Aaron
Published: December 2018

This presentation of the issue on "Family Management of Health Problems"
examines the roles of family members, particularly women, in caring or assisting a
relative facing a health problem. It also introduces the eight thematic
articles.
Educación artística, desconsideración social y falta de expectativas. Consecuencias de la reproducción como paradigma no-educativo
Authors: Vaquero Carmen , Gómez del Águila Luisa María
Published: December 2018

Este artículo trata de evidenciar el fundamento real que subyace en la desconsideración social de la Educación Artística que, como docentes del Área de Didáctica de la Expresión Plástica de la Universidad de Málaga, evidenciamos año tras año en nuestro alumnado para, a partir del análisis de concepciones y experiencias que configuran esquemas mentales y por lo tanto sus propias expectativas frente al arte, generar un contexto emancipador real en el ámbito de la misma.
La investigación propone un recorrido por las concepciones estereotipadas y las prácticas descontextualizadas que sustentan y están perpetuando la visión social de la Educación Artística, así como el acceso, mediante la evaluación inicial, a las premisas que constituyen los esquemas mentales asociados a la materia con los que parten maestros y maestras en formación.
Para la recogida de datos parte del cuestionario inicial implementado durante tres cursos académicos en el marco de la asignatura Educación en Artes Plásticas y Visuales del Grado de Maestro/a en Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Málaga y que nos permite conocer las expectativas y el bagaje formativo con las que los y las estudiantes llegan a la asignatura. El análisis posterior desvela resultados determinantes sobre qué procesos sostienen y están perpetuando la deslegitimación social de la Educación Artística.
Donkey Xote cabalga distinto en España y en Italia: reflexiones sobre la intertextualidad audiovisual
Authors: Ariza Mercedes
Published: December 2018

Resumen
El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el fenómeno de la intertextualidad en el ámbito de la traducción de la literatura infantil y juvenil en general y en el campo de la traducción audiovisual en particular. Nuestro punto de partida es el análisis de los referentes intertextuales presentes en la película Donkey Xote (José Pozo, 2007) y en su versión para doblaje en italiano. Tras identificar las dificultades y las estrategias de traducción de la “intertextualidad audiovisual” (Martínez Sierra, 2010; Chaume, 2012), presentaremos algunos referentes intertextuales añadidos en italiano para implicar de manera más directa al espectador (adulto) italiano. De hecho, la versión italiana introduce alusiones inherentes al mundo cinematográfico estadounidense e italiano inexistentes en el TO con un afán de tipo humorístico evidente.
Palabras clave: intertextualidad, traducción, doblaje, literatura infantil y juvenil

Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to analyse the intertextuality in the field of Translation of Children’s Literature and specially in Audiovisual Translation. We analyse the presence of intertextual elements in the Spanish animated film Donkey Xote (José Pozo, 2007) and in the Italian dubbing. After the identification of the difficulties and the strategies inside the Translation of the so called “audiovisual intertextuality” (Martínez Sierra, 2010; Chaume, 2012), we propose some intertextual elements introduced in the Italian version in order to capture the interest of an adult audience. In others words, the Italian dubbing shows particular allusions regarding American and Italian films that were conceived to create humour.
Key words: Intertextuality, Translation, Dubbing, Children’s Literature
Resum
L’objectiu del present treball és analitzar el fenomen de la intertextuatlitat en l’àmbit de la traducció de la literatura infantil i juvenil en general i en el camp de la traducció audiovisual en particular. El nostre punt de partida és l’anàlisi dels referents intertextuals presents a la pel·lícula Donkey Xote (José Pozo, 2007) i en la seua versió per a doblatge en italià. Després d’identificar les dificultats i les estratègies de traducció de la “intertextualitat audiovisual” Martínez Sierra, 2010; Chaume, 2012) presentarem alguns referents intertextuals afegits en italià per implicar de manera més directa a l’espectador (adult) italià. De fet, la versió italiana introdueix al·lusions inherents al món cinematogràfic estatunidenc i italià, inexistents en el TO amb un afany de tipus humorístic evident. 
Paraules clau: Intertextualitat, traducció, doblatge, literatura infantil i juvenil
Sobre a racionalização na história do trabalho escravo
Authors: Coutinho Dolores Pereira Ribeiro , Pauletti Maucir , Toaldo Deividy Alberto
Published: December 2018

Objetivando analisar a historicidade do trabalho escravo, e influência dos diferentes sistemas econômicos e das ideologias presentes em diferentes momentos da história humana na de um argumento para justificar tal prática. Pretendeu-se demonstrar, que a escravidão é produto de uma racionalização e construção ideológica, criação do homem para justificar o subjugar de um seu semelhante. Desde perspectiva rousseauniana, que apresenta, inicialmente, o modo pelo qual a escravidão surgiu entre os homens, passando pelo cristianismo, que revelou a incompatibilidade de seus princípios com a escravidão tradicional. Retratou a servidão voluntária, que não conferia ao servo as condições para que pudesse prover o seu sustento sem a existência da submissão ao senhor. O artigo faz uma reflexão sobre um contingente de pessoas que se encontram em situação de vulnerabilidade, sendo esta condição o principal fator propulsor e de mantenedor do trabalho escravo, caracterizado pela exploração como prática desleal de concorrência com relação àqueles que se ajustam à relação decente e digna de trabalho, representando os interesses de parcela pequena e, por vezes, inescrupulosa de pessoas que atropela a dignidade dos semelhantes em buscando ganhos patrimoniais. Construiu-se a reflexão a partir de investigação qualitativa, utilizando-se da metodologia lógico-indutiva em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
Indicações geográficas e agrobiodiversidade no contexto amazônico: a necessidade de um desenvolvimento territorial que leve em consideração a identidade cultural inerente aos produtos oriundos do conhecimento tradicional
Authors: De Oliveira Amanda Borges , Moreira Eliane Cristina Pinto
Published: December 2018

Investigar o potencial das Indicações Geográficas para a proteção de produtos da agrobiodiversidade, derivados de conhecimento tradicional, é o objetivo central deste trabalho. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, contando com dados oriundos de Pesquisa Bibliográfica e de Pesquisa de Campo. A primeira objetivou a compreensão dos principais conceitos abordados neste trabalho como Indicações Geográficas, Desenvolvimento Territorial e Agrobiodiversidade. A Pesquisa de Campo se refere ao caso da Indicação Geográfica para a farinha de Bragança –PA, ainda em fase de articulação, realizada através da observação direta e da interrogação. Foi aplicada uma observação sistemática e de interrogação baseada em formulários direcionados aos principais atores envolvidos na construção do referido projeto de Indicação Geográfica, tais como representantes da cooperativa eleita para apresentar o pedido junto ao INPI, agentes públicos e privados inseridos no processo, além das contribuições de produtores de referência na produção da farinha de Bragança. Partindo, portanto, do caso citado, através do método de indução, concluiu-se que, para a proteção de produtos da agrobiodiversidade, decorrentes de conhecimento tradicional, faz-se necessário que o projeto de Indicação Geográfica e sua gestão posterior estejam pautados em uma ideia de desenvolvimento territorial, a qual leve em consideração não apenas o produto final com perspectivas econômicas, mas a identidade cultural inerente ao produto, bem como os diversos atores sociais a ele relacionados, perpassando toda a sua cadeia produtiva e colaborando para o acesso aos mercados de forma qualitativa.
A aplicação da boa governança, do compliance e do princípio da cooperação no licenciamento ambiental brasileiro
Authors: Gomes Magno Federici , Oliveira Warley Ribeiro
Published: December 2018

O Direito administrativo brasileiro utiliza-se como base o modelo holandês, sob a ótica da boa governança. Contudo, a corrupção atrelada a ausência de transparência tem levado o Brasil a ocupar lugares de destaque no ranking da corrupção mundial. Assim, este estudo demonstrará que, apesar de se basear no modelo holandês, o Direito administrativo ambiental está distante dos pressupostos da boa governança, do compliance e da efetiva participação da sociedade no licenciamento ambiental. Utilizou-se no trabalho a metodologia teórica-documental, com raciocínio dedutivo. O trabalho explanou, através de dados estatísticos, que a corrupção traz prejuízos a sociedade pela ausência de transparência na gestão ambiental, o que inviabiliza o compliance.
Editorial
Authors: Folloni André , Hachem Daniel Wunder
Published: December 2018

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WDM Üzerinde FBG Tabanlı Sıcaklık Algılama ve Performans İyileştirilmesi
Authors: ALTINKAYNAK Süleyman , BÖCEKÇİ Veysel Gökhan
Published: December 2018

WDM sistemi, kanal
kapasitesini artırarak yüksek hızlı veri iletimi sağlayabilen bir fiber optik
teknolojidir. Bu teknoloji ile, tek bir kablo üzerinden farklı dalga boylarında
birden fazla kanal üzerinden veri iletimi sağlanabilir. Bu yazıda, fbg sensörü
kullanılarak wdm sisteminde performans uygulamaları gerçekleştirilecektir.Uygulamalarda,
FBG sensörünü kullanarak sıcaklık artışına göre dalga boyundaki kaymaların
algılanması ve FBG sensörünün hat kalitesi üzerindeki etkisi incelenecektir. Bu
çalışmalar Optisystem programının 15 versiyonu kullanılarak simüle edilmiştir.
Sistem parametreleri olarak, hat uzunluğu 100 km, veri hızı 10 Gbps’dir. FBG
uzunluk referans aralığı olarak 2 mm ila 10 mm arasındadır. Sonuçlara göre, wdm’de
fbg sıcaklık sensörü olarak dalga boyu değişimlerini algılayabildiği ve ber
değerini azaltıp q-faktörü değerini artırarak kaliteyi artırabildiği
gösterilmiştir.
The Conscious Mind
Authors: Torey Zoltan
Published: December 2018

An account of the emergence of the mind: how the brain acquired self-awareness, functional autonomy, the ability to think, and the power of speech.

How did the human mind emerge from the collection of neurons that makes up the brain? How did the brain acquire self-awareness, functional autonomy, language, and the ability to think, to understand itself and the world? In this volume in the Essential Knowledge series, Zoltan Torey offers an accessible and concise description of the evolutionary breakthrough that created the human mind.

Drawing on insights from evolutionary biology, neuroscience, and linguistics, Torey reconstructs the sequence of events by which Homo erectus became Homo sapiens. He describes the augmented functioning that underpins the emergent mind—a new (“off-line”) internal response system with which the brain accesses itself and then forms a selection mechanism for mentally generated behavior options. This functional breakthrough, Torey argues, explains how the animal brain's “awareness” became self-accessible and reflective—that is, how the human brain acquired a conscious mind. Consciousness, unlike animal awareness, is not a unitary phenomenon but a composite process. Torey's account shows how protolanguage evolved into language, how a brain subsystem for the emergent mind was built, and why these developments are opaque to introspection. We experience the brain's functional autonomy, he argues, as free will.

Torey proposes that once life began, consciousness had to emerge—because consciousness is the informational source of the brain's behavioral response. Consciousness, he argues, is not a newly acquired “quality,” “cosmic principle,” “circuitry arrangement,” or “epiphenomenon,” as others have argued, but an indispensable working component of the living system's manner of functioning.
Anigrafs
Authors: Richards Whitman A.
Published: December 2018

An innovative proposal for understanding how mental organisms make decisions and control behavior.

In this book, Whitman Richards offers a novel and provocative proposal for understanding decision making and human behavior. Building on Valentino Braitenberg's famous “vehicles,” Richards describes a collection of mental organisms that he calls “daemons”—virtual correlates of neural modules. Daemons have favored choices and make decisions that control behaviors of the group to which they belong, with each daemon preferring a different outcome. Richards arranges these preferences in graphs, linking similar choices, which thus reinforce each other. “Anigrafs” refers to these two components—animals, or the mental organisms (agents or daemons), and the graphs that show similarity relations. Together these two components are the basis of a new cognitive architecture.

In Richards's account, a collection of daemons compete for control of the cognitive system in which they reside; the challenge is to get the daemons to agree on one of many choices. Richards explores the results of group decisions, emphasizing the Condorcet voting procedure for aggregating preferences. A neural mechanism is proposed. Anigrafs presents a series of group decisions that incorporate simple and complex movements, as well as aspects of cognition and belief. Anigrafs concludes with a section on “metagrafs,” which chart relationships between different anigraf models.
Between Preservation and Exploitation
Authors: Fuentes-George Kemi
Published: December 2018

A study of biodiversity governance analyzes the factors that determine the effectiveness of transnational advocacy networks and the importance of justice claims to conservation.

In the late 2000s, ordinary citizens in Jamaica and Mexico demanded that government put a stop to lucrative but environmentally harmful economic development activities—bauxite mining in Jamaica and large-scale tourism and overfishing on the eastern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula. In each case, the catalyst for the campaign was information gathered and disseminated by transnational advocacy networks (TANs) of researchers, academics, and activists. Both campaigns were successful despite opposition from industry supporters. Meanwhile, simultaneous campaigns to manage land in another part of the Yucatán and to conserve migratory birds in Egypt had far less success. In this book, Kemi Fuentes-George uses these four cases to analyze factors that determine the success or failure of efforts by TANs to persuade policymakers and private sector actors in developing countries to change environmental behavior.

Fuentes-George argues that in order to influence the design and implementation of policy, TANs must generate a scientific consensus, create social relationships with local actors, and advocate for biodiversity in a way that promotes local environmental justice. Environmentally just policies would allow local populations access to their lands provided they use natural resources sustainably. Justice claims are also more likely to generate needed support among local groups for conservation projects.

In their conservation efforts, Jamaica, Mexico, and Egypt were attempting to meet their obligations under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and other regional agreements. Fuentes-George's innovative analysis shows the importance of local environmental justice for the implementation of international environmental treaties.
The Book
Authors: Borsuk Amaranth
Published: December 2018

The book as object, as content, as idea, as interface.

What is the book in a digital age? Is it a physical object containing pages encased in covers? Is it a portable device that gives us access to entire libraries? The codex, the book as bound paper sheets, emerged around 150 CE. It was preceded by clay tablets and papyrus scrolls. Are those books? In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Amaranth Borsuk considers the history of the book, the future of the book, and the idea of the book. Tracing the interrelationship of form and content in the book's development, she bridges book history, book arts, and electronic literature to expand our definition of an object we thought we knew intimately.

Contrary to the many reports of its death (which has been blamed at various times on newspapers, television, and e-readers), the book is alive. Despite nostalgic paeans to the codex and its printed pages, Borsuk reminds us, the term “book” commonly refers to both medium and content. And the medium has proved to be malleable. Rather than pinning our notion of the book to a single form, Borsuk argues, we should remember its long history of transformation. Considering the book as object, content, idea, and interface, she shows that the physical form of the book has always been the site of experimentation and play. Rather than creating a false dichotomy between print and digital media, we should appreciate their continuities.
The Act of Thinking
Authors: Melser Derek
Published: December 2018

A new theory proposes that thinking is a learned action.

In this remarkable monograph, Derek Melser argues that the core assumption of both folk psychology and cognitive science—that thinking goes on in the head—is mistaken. Melser argues that thinking is not an intracranial process of any kind, mental or neural, but is rather a learned action of the person.

After an introduction in which he makes a prima facie case that thinking is an action, Melser reviews action-based theories of thinking advanced by Ryle, Vygotsky, Hampshire and others. He then presents his own theory of "token concerting," according to which thinking is a special kind of token performance, by the individual, of certain social, concerted activity. He examines the developmental role of concerted activity, the token performance of concerted activity, the functions of speech, the mechanics and uses of covert tokening, empathy, the origins of solo action, the actional nature of perception, and various kinds and aspects of mature thinking. In addition, he analyzes the role of metaphors in the folk notion of mind.

While intending his theory as a contribution to the philosophy of mind, Melser aims also at a larger goal: to establish actions as a legitimate philosophical given, self-explanatory and sui generis. To this end, he argues in the final chapter against the possibility of scientific explanation of actions. The Act of Thinking opens up a large new area for philosophical research.

Bradford Books imprint
For Fun and Profit
Authors: Tozzi Christopher
Published: December 2018

The free and open source software movement, from its origins in hacker culture, through the development of GNU and Linux, to its commercial use today.

In the 1980s, there was a revolution with far-reaching consequences—a revolution to restore software freedom. In the early 1980s, after decades of making source code available with programs, most programmers ceased sharing code freely. A band of revolutionaries, self-described “hackers,” challenged this new norm by building operating systems with source code that could be freely shared. In For Fun and Profit, Christopher Tozzi offers an account of the free and open source software (FOSS) revolution, from its origins as an obscure, marginal effort by a small group of programmers to the widespread commercial use of open source software today. Tozzi explains FOSS's historical trajectory, shaped by eccentric personalities—including Richard Stallman and Linus Torvalds—and driven both by ideology and pragmatism, by fun and profit.

Tozzi examines hacker culture and its influence on the Unix operating system, the reaction to Unix's commercialization, and the history of early Linux development. He describes the commercial boom that followed, when companies invested billions of dollars in products using FOSS operating systems; the subsequent tensions within the FOSS movement; and the battles with closed source software companies (especially Microsoft) that saw FOSS as a threat. Finally, Tozzi describes FOSS's current dominance in embedded computing, mobile devices, and the cloud, as well as its cultural and intellectual influence.
Sifting the Trash
Authors: Twemlow Alice
Published: December 2018

How product design criticism has rescued some products from the trash and consigned others to the landfill.

Product design criticism operates at the very brink of the landfill site, salvaging some products with praise but consigning others to its depths through condemnation or indifference. When a designed product's usefulness is past, the public happily discards it to make room for the next new thing. Criticism rarely deals with how a product might be used, or not used, over time; it is more likely to play the enabler, encouraging our addiction to consumption. With Sifting the Trash, Alice Twemlow offers an especially timely reexamination of the history of product design criticism through the metaphors and actualities of the product as imminent junk and the consumer as junkie.

Twemlow explores five key moments over the past sixty years of product design criticism. From the mid-1950s through the 1960s, for example, critics including Reyner Banham, Deborah Allen, and Richard Hamilton wrote about the ways people actually used design, and invented a new kind of criticism. At the 1970 International Design Conference in Aspen, environmental activists protested the design establishment's lack of political engagement. In the 1980s, left-leaning cultural critics introduced ideology to British design criticism. In the 1990s, dueling London exhibits offered alternative views of contemporary design. And in the early 2000s, professional critics were challenged by energetic design bloggers. Through the years, Twemlow shows, critics either sifted the trash and assigned value or attempted to detect, diagnose, and treat the sickness of a consumer society.
Nonhuman Photography
Authors: Zylinska Joanna
Published: December 2018

A new philosophy of photography that goes beyond humanist concepts to consider imaging practices from which the human is absent, as both subject and agent.

Today, in the age of CCTV, drones, medical body scans, and satellite images, photography is increasingly decoupled from human agency and human vision. In Nonhuman Photography, Joanna Zylinska offers a new philosophy of photography, going beyond the human-centric view to consider imaging practices from which the human is absent. Zylinska argues further that even those images produced by humans, whether artists or amateurs, entail a nonhuman, mechanical element—that is, they involve the execution of technical and cultural algorithms that shape our image-making devices as well as our viewing practices. At the same time, she notes, photography is increasingly mobilized to document the precariousness of the human habitat and tasked with helping us imagine a better tomorrow. With its conjoined human-nonhuman agency and vision, Zylinska claims, photography functions as both a form of control and a life-shaping force.

Zylinska explores the potential of photography for developing new modes of seeing and imagining, and presents images from her own photographic project, Active Perceptual Systems. She also examines the challenges posed by digitization to established notions of art, culture, and the media. In connecting biological extinction and technical obsolescence, and discussing the parallels between photography and fossilization, she proposes to understand photography as a light-induced process of fossilization across media and across time scales.
Adorno's Negative Dialectic
Authors: O'Connor Brian
Published: December 2018

The purely philosophical concerns of Theodor W. Adorno's negative dialectic would seem to be far removed from the concreteness of critical theory; Adorno's philosophy considers perhaps the most traditional subject of "pure" philosophy, the structure of experience, whereas critical theory examines specific aspects of society. But, as Brian O'Connor demonstrates in this highly original interpretation of Adorno's philosophy, the negative dialectic can be seen as the theoretical foundation of the reflexivity or critical rationality required by critical theory. Adorno, O'Connor argues, is committed to the "concretion" of philosophy: his thesis of nonidentity attempts to show that reality is not reducible to appearances. This lays the foundation for the applied "concrete" critique of appearances that is essential to the possibility of critical theory. To explicate the context in which Adorno's philosophy operates—the tradition of modern German philosophy, from Kant to Heidegger—O'Connor examines in detail the ideas of these philosophers as well as Adorno's self-defining differences with them. O'Connor discusses Georg LucÃ cs and the influence of his "protocritical theory" on Adorno's thought; the elements of Kant's and Hegel's German idealism appropriated by Adorno for his theory of subject-object mediation; the priority of the object and the agency of the subject in Adorno's epistemology; and Adorno's important critiques of Kant and the phenomenology of Heidegger and Husserl, critiques that both illuminate Adorno's key concepts and reveal his construction of critical theory through an engagement with the problems of philosophy.
Protecting Children Online?
Authors: Milosevic Tijana
Published: December 2018

A critical examination of efforts by social media companies—including Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and Instagram—to rein in cyberbullying by young users.

High-profile cyberbullying cases often trigger exaggerated public concern about children's use of social media. Large companies like Facebook respond by pointing to their existing anti-bullying mechanisms or coordinate with nongovernmental organizations to organize anti-cyberbullying efforts. Do these attempts at self-regulation work? In this book, Tijana Milosevic examines the effectiveness of efforts by social media companies—including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Snapchat, and Instagram—to rein in cyberbullying by young users. Milosevic analyzes the anti-bullying policies of fourteen major social media companies, as recorded in companies' corporate documents, draws on interviews with company representatives and e-safety experts, and details the roles of nongovernmental organizations examining their ability to provide critical independent advice. She draws attention to lack of transparency in how companies handle bullying cases, emphasizing the need for a continuous independent evaluation of effectiveness of companies' mechanisms, especially from children's perspective. Milosevic argues that cyberbullying should be viewed in the context of children's rights and as part of the larger social problem of the culture of humiliation.

Milosevic looks into five digital bullying cases related to suicides, examining the pressures on the social media companies involved, the nature of the public discussion, and subsequent government regulation that did not necessarily address the problem in a way that benefits children. She emphasizes the need not only for protection but also for participation and empowerment—for finding a way to protect the vulnerable while ensuring the child's right to participate in digital spaces.

The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Knowledge Unlatched.
Rock, Bone, and Ruin
Authors: Currie Adrian
Published: December 2018

An argument that we should be optimistic about the capacity of “methodologically omnivorous” geologists, paleontologists, and archaeologists to uncover truths about the deep past.

The “historical sciences”—geology, paleontology, and archaeology—have made extraordinary progress in advancing our understanding of the deep past. How has this been possible, given that the evidence they have to work with offers mere traces of the past? In Rock, Bone, and Ruin, Adrian Currie explains that these scientists are “methodological omnivores,” with a variety of strategies and techniques at their disposal, and that this gives us every reason to be optimistic about their capacity to uncover truths about prehistory. Creative and opportunistic paleontologists, for example, discovered and described a new species of prehistoric duck-billed platypus from a single fossilized tooth. Examining the complex reasoning processes of historical science, Currie also considers philosophical and scientific reflection on the relationship between past and present, the nature of evidence, contingency, and scientific progress.

Currie draws on varied examples from across the historical sciences, from Mayan ritual sacrifice to giant Mesozoic fleas to Mars's mysterious watery past, to develop an account of the nature of, and resources available to, historical science. He presents two major case studies: the emerging explanation of sauropod size, and the “snowball earth” hypothesis that accounts for signs of glaciation in Neoproterozoic tropics. He develops the Ripple Model of Evidence to analyze “unlucky circumstances” in scientific investigation; examines and refutes arguments for pessimism about the capacity of the historical sciences, defending the role of analogy and arguing that simulations have an experiment-like function. Currie argues for a creative, open-ended approach, “empirically grounded” speculation.
Aligning Modern Business Processes and Legacy Systems
Authors: van den Heuvel Willem-Jan
Published: December 2018

A methodological framework and theoretical foundation for aligning new business processes with existing information systems through componentization.

Distributed business component computing—the assembling of business components into electronic business processes, which interact via the Internet—caters to a new breed of enterprise systems that are flexible, relatively easy to maintain and upgrade to accommodate new business processes, and relatively simple to integrate with other enterprise systems. Companies with unwieldy, large, and heterogeneous inherited information systems—known as legacy systems—find it extremely difficult to align their old systems with novel business processes. Legacy systems are not only tightly intertwined with existing business processes and procedures but also have a brittle architecture after years of ad-hoc fixes and offer limited openness to other systems. In this book, Willem-Jan van den Heuvel provides a methodological framework that offers pragmatic techniques for aligning component-based business processes and legacy systems. Van den Heuvel's methodology is based on three building blocks: reverse engineering, which allows legacy systems to be componentized; forward engineering, which derives a set of business components from requirements of the new business processes; and alignment of new business processes and componentized legacy systems. Van den Heuvel provides a theoretical foundation for these, with chapters that discuss component-based development, introduce a case study that is used throughout the book to illustrate the methodology, and assess methods and technologies for legacy integration, component adaptation, and process alignment. He describes the methodological framework itself and its techniques to align new business processes with legacy systems by adopting a meet-in-the-middle strategy. Drawing on topics from a wide range of disciplines, including component-based development, distributed computing, business process modeling, and others, Aligning Modern Business Processes and Legacy Systems offers theoretically grounded practical methodology that has been explored and tested in a variety of experiments as well as some real-world projects.
Analog VLSI
Authors: Liu Shih-Chii , Kramer Jörg , Indiveri Giacomo , Delbrück Tobias , Douglas Rodney
Published: December 2018

An introduction to the design of analog VLSI circuits.

Neuromorphic engineers work to improve the performance of artificial systems through the development of chips and systems that process information collectively using primarily analog circuits. This book presents the central concepts required for the creative and successful design of analog VLSI circuits. The discussion is weighted toward novel circuits that emulate natural signal processing. Unlike most circuits in commercial or industrial applications, these circuits operate mainly in the subthreshold or weak inversion region. Moreover, their functionality is not limited to linear operations, but also encompasses many interesting nonlinear operations similar to those occurring in natural systems. Topics include device physics, linear and nonlinear circuit forms, translinear circuits, photodetectors, floating-gate devices, noise analysis, and process technology.

Bradford Books imprint
Between Philosophy and Social Science
Authors: Horkheimer Max , McCarthy Thomas
Published: December 2018

These essays reveal another side of Horkheimer, focusing on his remarkable contributions to critical theory in the 1930s.

Max Horkheimer is well known as the director of the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research and as a sometime collaborator with Theodor Adorno, especially on their classic Dialectic of Enlightenment. These essays reveal another side of Horkheimer, focusing on his remarkable contributions to critical theory in the 1930s. Included are Horkheimer's inaugural address as director of the Institute, in which he outlines the interdisciplinary research program that would dominate the initial phase of the Frankfurt School, his first full monograph, and a number of other pieces published in the 1930s. The essays, most of which have not appeared in English before, are surprisingly relevant to current post-philosophy debates, notably "On the Problem of Truth," with its focus on pragmatism, and "The Rationalism Debate in Current Philosophy," a sustained critique of the post-Cartesian philosophy of consciousness. Horkheimer's 1933 critique of Kantian ethics, "Materialism and Morality," is of particular interest given the current reaction to the neo-Kantian aspect of Habermas's work. There are also essays relevant to the current foundations debate within Continental philosophy, and the rationality/relativism question is sustained throughout the volume.
Communicative Action and Rational Choice
Authors: Heath Joseph
Published: December 2018

In this book Joseph Heath brings Jürgen Habermas's theory of communicative action into dialogue with the most sophisticated articulation of the instrumental conception of practical rationality-modern rational choice theory. Heath begins with an overview of Habermas's action theory and his critique of decision and game theory. He then offers an alternative to Habermas's use of speech act theory to explain social order and outlines a multidimensional theory of rational action that includes norm-governed action as a specific type. In the second part of the book Heath discusses the more philosophical dimension of Habermas's conception of practical rationality. He criticizes Habermas's attempt to introduce a universalization principle governing moral discourse, as well as his criteria for distinguishing between moral and ethical problems. Heath offers an alternative account of the level of convergence exhibited by moral argumentation, drawing on game-theoretic models to specify the burden of proof that the theory of communicative action and discourse must assume.
Democracy, Governance, and Economic Performance
Authors: Feng Yi
Published: December 2018

In this book, Yi Feng combines political and economic analyses to study the effects of political institutions on economic performance. Traditionally, political scientists disregard details of economic conditions, while economists may not take into consideration a systematic explanation of political regimes. The growing interest in the interplay of political and economic systems, spurred by the political democratization and economic liberalization evident in many countries over the last twenty years, merits this new perspective.

The book examines the political determinants of economic growth, and, specifically, the controversial question of the relationship between democracy and quality of life. Feng systematically studies three variables of a political system—political freedom, political stability, and policy certainty—and relates them to economic development. He examines the political factors that may affect patterns of growth directly or indirectly.

Combining theory and country-specific case studies, Democracy, Governance, and Economic Performance demonstrates that political institutions and conditions do matter in economic growth. After establishing a theoretical foundation, Feng tests it by examining the direct effects of the three key political variables on economic growth and the indirect effects of democracy in terms of other variables (political instability, inflation, investment, education, income distribution, property rights, and population growth). He concludes by considering the policy implications of these results.
Democratizing Innovation
Authors: von Hippel Eric
Published: December 2018

The process of user-centered innovation: how it can benefit both users and manufacturers and how its emergence will bring changes in business models and in public policy.

Innovation is rapidly becoming democratized. Users, aided by improvements in computer and communications technology, increasingly can develop their own new products and services. These innovating users—both individuals and firms—often freely share their innovations with others, creating user-innovation communities and a rich intellectual commons. In Democratizing Innovation, Eric von Hippel looks closely at this emerging system of user-centered innovation. He explains why and when users find it profitable to develop new products and services for themselves, and why it often pays users to reveal their innovations freely for the use of all.The trend toward democratized innovation can be seen in software and information products—most notably in the free and open-source software movement—but also in physical products. Von Hippel's many examples of user innovation in action range from surgical equipment to surfboards to software security features. He shows that product and service development is concentrated among "lead users," who are ahead on marketplace trends and whose innovations are often commercially attractive.

Von Hippel argues that manufacturers should redesign their innovation processes and that they should systematically seek out innovations developed by users. He points to businesses—the custom semiconductor industry is one example—that have learned to assist user-innovators by providing them with toolkits for developing new products. User innovation has a positive impact on social welfare, and von Hippel proposes that government policies, including R&D subsidies and tax credits, should be realigned to eliminate biases against it. The goal of a democratized user-centered innovation system, says von Hippel, is well worth striving for. An electronic version of this book is available under a Creative Commons license.
Divided Natures
Authors: Whiteside Kerry H
Published: December 2018

In this book Kerry Whiteside introduces the work of a range of French ecological theorists to an English-speaking audience. He shows how thinkers in France and in English-speaking countries have produced different strains of ecological thought and suggests that the work of French ecological theorists could lessen pervasive tensions in Anglophone ecology.

Much of the theory written in English is shaped by the debate between anthropocentric ecologists, who contend that the value of our nonhuman surroundings derives from their role in fulfilling human interests, and ecocentric ecologists, who contend that the nonhuman world holds ultimate value in and of itself. This debate is almost nonexistent among French theorists, who tend to focus on the processes linking nature and human identity. Whiteside suggests that the insights of French theorists could help English-language theorists to extricate themselves from endless debates over the real center of nature's value.

Among the French theorists discussed are Denis de Rougemont, Denis Duclos, René Dumont, Luc Ferry, André Gorz, Félix Guattari, Bruno Latour, Alain Lipietz, Edgar Morin, Serge Moscovici, and Michel Serres. The English-language theorists discussed include John Barry, Robyn Eckersley, Robert Goodin, Tim Hayward, Holmes Rolston III, and Paul Taylor.
Each Wild Idea
Authors: Batchen Geoffrey
Published: December 2018

Essays on photography and the medium's history and evolving identity.

In Each Wild Idea, Geoffrey Batchen explores a wide range of photographic subjects, from the timing of the medium's invention to the various implications of cyberculture. Along the way, he reflects on contemporary art photography, the role of the vernacular in photography's history, and the Australianness of Australian photography. The essays all focus on a consideration of specific photographs—from a humble combination of baby photos and bronzed booties to a masterwork by Alfred Stieglitz. Although Batchen views each photograph within the context of broader social and political forces, he also engages its own distinctive formal attributes. In short, he sees photography as something that is simultaneously material and cultural. In an effort to evoke the lived experience of history, he frequently relies on sheer description as the mode of analysis, insisting that we look right at—rather than beyond—the photograph being discussed. A constant theme throughout the book is the question of photography's past, present, and future identity.
The Earth's Biosphere
Authors: Smil Vaclav
Published: December 2018

A comprehensive overview of Earth's biosphere, written with scientific rigor and essay-like flair.

In his latest book, Vaclav Smil tells the story of the Earth's biosphere from its origins to its near and long-term future. He explains the workings of its parts and what is known about their interactions. With essay-like flair, he examines the biosphere's physics, chemistry, biology, geology, oceanography, energy, climatology, and ecology, as well as the changes caused by human activity. He provides both the basics of the story and surprising asides illustrating critical but often neglected aspects of biospheric complexity.

Smil begins with a history of the modern idea of the biosphere, focusing on the development of the concept by Russian scientist Vladimir Vernadsky. He explores the probability of life elsewhere in the universe, life's evolution and metabolism, and the biosphere's extent, mass, productivity, and grand-scale organization. Smil offers fresh approaches to such well-known phenomena as solar radiation and plate tectonics and introduces lesser-known topics such as the quarter-power scaling of animal and plant metabolism across body sizes and metabolic pathways. He also examines two sets of fundamental relationships that have profoundly influenced the evolution of life and the persistence of the biosphere: symbiosis and the role of life's complexity as a determinant of biomass productivity and resilience. And he voices concern about the future course of human-caused global environmental change, which could compromise the biosphere's integrity and threaten the survival of modern civilization.
Economic Theory and Cognitive Science
Authors: Ross Don
Published: December 2018

In this study, Don Ross explores the relationship of economics to other branches of behavioral science, asking, in the course of his analysis, under what interpretation economics is a sound empirical science. The book explores the relationships between economic theory and the theoretical foundations of related disciplines that are relevant to the day-to-day work of economics—the cognitive and behavioral sciences. It asks whether the increasingly sophisticated techniques of microeconomic analysis have revealed any deep empirical regularities—whether technical improvement represents improvement in any other sense. Casting Daniel Dennett and Kenneth Binmore as its intellectual heroes, the book proposes a comprehensive model of economic theory that, Ross argues, does not supplant, but recovers the core neoclassical insights, and counters the caricaturish conception of neoclassicism so derided by advocates of behavioral or evolutionary economics.

Because he approaches his topic from the viewpoint of the philosophy of science, Ross devotes one chapter to the philosophical theory and terminology on which his argument depends and another to related philosophical issues. Two chapters provide the theoretical background in economics, one covering developments in neoclassical microeconomics and the other treating behavioral and experimental economics and evolutionary game theory. The three chapters at the heart of the argument then apply theses from the philosophy of cognitive science to foundational problems for economic theory. In these chapters, economists will find a genuinely new way of thinking about the implications of cognitive science for economics, and cognitive scientists will find in economic behavior, a new testing site for the explanations of cognitive science.

Bradford Books imprint