bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composite indicators of labour market regulations in a comparative perspective
Authors: Aleksynska Mariya , Cazes Sandrine
Published: February 2016

Technological progress and the internet brought about new possibilities of creating, storing, exchanging, replicating, and using various kinds of data for research. This paper discusses some of the dangers embedded into the reuse of data produced by some institutions by other institutions through the combination and aggregation of initial data into various data products. To this end, we use an example of labour market regulations’ indicators developed by the World Economic Forum, the International Institute for Management Development (IMD), and the Fraser Institute, which are all partly based on the World Bank Employing Workers Indicator. We document how these three indicators compare and identify both their common and specific limitations. For each of these indicators, the choice of subcomponents and of aggregate techniques results in different pictures of labour market regulations, despite the use of the overlapping initial sources of data. Our comparative exercise calls for continuous efforts to improve the indicators of labour market regulations, as well as for cautious use of such indicators for research and policy advice.

JEL codes: J00, J8, Y1
Upper Jurassic Tithonian-centered source mapping in the deepwater northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Cunningham Robert , Snedden John W. , Norton Ian O. , Clement Olson Hilary , Whitaker Timothy L. , Virdell Jonathan W.
Published: February 2016

Long the subject of speculation, the origin, distribution, and quality of Mesozoic source beds in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GOM) are now open to analytical study and hypothesis. We have developed new maps and concepts for organic richness and lithofacies patterns of the primary Upper Jurassic oil-prone source rock interval spanning the Kimmeridgian to Lower Berriasian in the northern GOM. This interval, previously referred to as the Tithonian-centered source, includes the Haynesville and Bossier shales, which lie within supersequences representing second-order transgressive and high-stand systems tracts, respectively. A newly developed gulf-wide Cotton Valley-Bossier paleogeographic map based on a novel paleotectonic model for the Mesozoic provides the framework for this source mapping study. Organic richness averages up to 4.7% and 6.5% total organic carbon for the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian-Lower Berriasian supersequences, respectively, based on the log overlay [Formula: see text] technique and increases toward the basin center. Lithofacies-sensitive geochemical parameters from reservoired oils and oil seeps tied to the Tithonian-centered oil family demonstrate several potential entry locations for siliciclastic sediments into the Tithonian distal calcareous environment. The region from Garden Banks to Alaminos Canyon appears to be the locus of siliciclastic mixing with carbonates in the deepwater and link with updip evidence of a wide progradational clastic apron sourced by the paleo-Mississippi river. This siliciclastic input may contribute to the potential for improved oil quality by lowering the content of sulfur incorporated into kerogen moving southwest from Ewing Bank-Mississippi Canyon to Alaminos Canyon. Ultimately, enhanced Upper Jurassic source deposition ended with a ventilation event whereby more oxygenated, deeper water entered the northern GOM. Declines in calculated total organic carbon occurring later to the west during the earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian) indicate the opening of the gateway between the GOM and the central Atlantic possibly related to the termination of seafloor spreading in the eastern GOM.
Spectral similarity fault enhancement
Authors: Dewett Dustin T. , Henza Alissa A.
Published: February 2016

Fault interpretation in seismic data is a critical task that must be completed to thoroughly understand the structural history of the subsurface. The development of similarity-based attributes has allowed geoscientists to effectively filter a seismic data set to highlight discontinuities that are often associated with fault systems. Furthermore, there are numerous workflows that provide, to varying degrees, the ability to enhance this seismic attribute family. We have developed a new method, spectral similarity, to improve the similarity enhancement by integrating spectral decomposition, swarm intelligence, magnitude filtering, and orientated smoothing. In addition, the spectral similarity method has the ability to take any seismic attribute (e.g., similarity, curvature, total energy, coherent energy gradient, reflector rotation, etc.), combine it with the benefits of spectral decomposition, and create an accurate enhancement to similarity attributes. The final result is an increase in the quality of the similarity enhancement over previously used methods, and it can be computed entirely in commercial software packages. Specifically, the spectral similarity method provides a more realistic fault dip, reduction of noise, and removal of the discontinuous “stair-step” pattern common to similarity volumes.
Metabarcoding-based fungal diversity on coarse and fine particulate organic matter in a first-order stream in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Wurzbacher Christian , Grimmett Ivan J. , Bärlocher Felix
Published: February 2016

Most streams receive substantial inputs of allochthonous organic material in the form of leaves and twigs (CPOM, coarse particulate organic matter). Mechanical and biological processing converts this into fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). Other sources of particles include flocculated dissolved matter and soil particles. Fungi are known to play a role in the CPOM conversion process, but the taxonomic affiliations of these fungi remain poorly studied. The present study seeks to shed light on the composition of fungal communities on FPOM and CPOM as assessed in a natural stream in Nova Scotia, Canada. Maple leaves were exposed in a stream for four weeks and their fungal community evaluated through pyrosequencing. Over the same period, four FPOM size fractions were collected by filtration and assessed. Particles had much lower ergosterol contents than leaves, suggesting major differences in the extent of fungal colonization. Pyrosequencing documented a total of 821 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTU), of which 726 were exclusive to particles and 47 to leaf samples. Most fungal phyla were represented, including yeast lineages (e.g., Taphrinaceae and Saccharomycotina), Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Cryptomycota, but several classes of Pezizomycontina (Ascomycota) dominated. Cluster dendrograms clearly separated fungal communities from leaves and from particles. Characterizing fungal communities may shed some light on the processing pathways of fine particles in streams and broadens our view of the phylogenetic composition of fungi in freshwater ecosystems.
Research Roundup
Authors: Clabburn Oliver
Published: February 2016

Oliver Clabburn provides a synopsis and brief review of a selection of recently published research articles of interest to neuroscience nurses, highlighting the key points to keep you up to date. A full reference is provided for those who wish to read the research in more detail.
Do we really know our patient population in database research?
Authors: Samuel A. M. , Lukasiewicz A. M. , Webb M. L. , Bohl D. D. , Basques B. A. , Varthi A. G. , Leslie M. P. , Grauer J. N.
Published: February 2016

Aims

While use of large national clinical databases for orthopaedic trauma research has increased dramatically, there has been little study of the differences in populations contained therein. In this study we aimed to compare populations of patients with femoral shaft fractures across three commonly used national databases, specifically with regard to age and comorbidities.

Patients and Methods

Patients were identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) and National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB).

Results

The distributions of age and Charleston comorbidity index (CCI) reflected a predominantly older population with more comorbidities in NSQIP (mean age 71.5; sd 15.6), mean CCI 4.9; sd 1.9) than in the NTDB (mean age 45.2; sd 21.4), mean CCI = 2.1; sd 2.0). Bimodal distributions in the NIS population showed a more mixed population (mean age 56.9; sd 24.9), mean CCI 3.2; sd 2.3). Differences in age and CCI were all statistically significant (p <  0.001).

Conclusion

While these databases have been commonly used for orthopaedic trauma research, differences in the populations they represent are not always readily apparent. Care must be taken to understand fully these differences before performing or evaluating database research, as the outcomes they detail can only be analysed in context. Take home message: Researchers and those evaluating research should be aware that orthopaedic trauma populations contained in commonly studied national databases may differ substantially based on sampling methods and inclusion criteria. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:425–32.
Gelatine matrix with human thrombin decreases blood loss in adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Helenius I. , Keskinen H. , Syvänen J. , Lukkarinen H. , Mattila M. , Välipakka J. , Pajulo O.
Published: February 2016

Aims

In a multicentre, randomised study of adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis, we investigated the effect of adding gelatine matrix with human thrombin to the standard surgical methods of controlling blood loss.

Patients and Methods

Patients in the intervention group (n = 30) were randomised to receive a minimum of two and a maximum of four units of gelatine matrix with thrombin in addition to conventional surgical methods of achieving haemostasis. Only conventional surgical methods were used in the control group (n = 30). We measured the intra-operative and total blood loss (intra-operative blood loss plus post-operative drain output).

Results

Each additional hour of operating time increased the intra-operative blood loss by 356.9 ml (p < 0.001) and the total blood loss by 430.5 ml (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the intervention significantly decreased the intra-operative (-171 ml, p = 0.025) and total blood loss (-177 ml, p = 0.027). The decrease in haemoglobin concentration from the day before the operation to the second post-operative day was significantly smaller in the intervention group (-6 g/l, p = 0.013) than in the control group.

Conclusion

The addition of gelatine matrix with human thrombin to conventional methods of achieving haemostasis reduces both the intra-operative blood loss and the decrease in haemoglobin concentration post-operatively in adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. Take home message: A randomised clinical trial showed that gelatine matrix with human thrombin decreases intra-operative blood loss by 30% when added to traditional surgical haemostatic methods in adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:395–401.
Hip arthroplasty for the treatment of displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients
Authors: Rogmark C. , Leonardsson O.
Published: February 2016

This review summarises the evidence for the treatment of displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients. Results from randomised clinical trials and national register studies are presented when available.

The advantages of arthroplasty compared with internal fixation are supported by several studies. A number of studies contribute to the discussions of total hip arthroplasty (THA) versus hemiarthroplasty and unipolar versus bipolar hemiarthroplasty, but no clear-cut evidence-based recommendation can be made. THA may be particularly advantageous for active, lucid patients with a relatively long life expectancy. For patients who are physiologically older, hemiarthoplasty is probably satisfactory, and for the oldest patients with more comorbidities, unipolar implants are considered to be sufficient. If the hospital can support emergency THA surgery in sufficient numbers and quality, there may be few patients who warrant bipolar hemiarthroplasty.

The direct lateral approach reduces the risk of dislocation compared with the posterior approach. Cemented implants lower the risk of periprosthetic fracture and its subsequent morbidity and mortality. As the risk of peri-operative death related to bone cement can be reduced by adequate measures, cemented implants are recommended in fracture cases.

Take home message: There remains a great variation in the surgical management of patients with a hip fracture, and an evidence-based approach should improve the outcomes for this vulnerable patient group.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:291–7.
Validation of the diagnosis ‘prosthetic joint infection’ in the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register
Authors: Gundtoft P. H. , Pedersen A. B. , Schønheyder H. C. , Overgaard S.
Published: February 2016

Aims

The purpose of this study was to validate the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register (DHR).

Patients and Methods

We identified a cohort of patients from the DHR who had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) since 1 January 2005 and followed them until first-time revision, death, emigration or until 31 December 2012. Revision for PJI, as registered in the DHR, was validated against a benchmark which included information from microbiology databases, prescription registers, clinical biochemistry registers and clinical records. We estimated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for PJI in the DHR alone and in the DHR when combined with microbiology databases.

Results

In total, 1382 of the 37 826 primary THAs in the DHR were registered as having been revised for any cause once 26 patients with errors in registration had been excluded: 232 of these were for PJI. For this group, the sensitivity was 67%, specificity 95%, PPV 77%, and NPV 92%. Combining the data from the DHR with those from microbiology databases increased the sensitivity to 90% and also improved specificity (100%), PPV (98%) and NPV (98%).

Conclusion

Only two thirds of revisions for PJI were captured in the DHR and only 77% of the PJI reported to the DHR could be confirmed to be infected. Take home message: combining the data from the DHR with those from microbiology databases substantially improved the validity of the diagnosis of PJI and should enable future register-based studies. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:320–5.
Effect of Surface Charge and Elemental Composition on the Swelling and Delamination of Montmorillonite Nanoclays Using Sedimentation Field-flow Fractionation and Mass Spectroscopy
Authors: Assemi Shoeleh , Sharma Sugandha , Tadjiki Soheyl , Prisbrey Keith , Ranville James , Miller Jan D.
Published: February 2016

The swelling properties of smectite-type clay particles (including montmorillonite) are of interest in various industries. A fundamental understanding of the surface properties of smectite particles at the sub-micron level would facilitate investigation of the effect of distributed properties such as charge and elemental composition. Swelling and delamination of SWy-2 Na-montmorillonite (Na-Mnt) nano-clay particles were studied here using size distributions obtained by sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF). Fractions were examined by electron microscopy and inductively-coupled optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Two distinct populations were observed in the size distribution of SWy-2 Na-Mnt particles (bimodal size distribution), with mean equivalent spherical diameters of ~60 nm and 250 nm, respectively. In contrast, the size distribution of STx-1 Ca-montmorillonite (Ca-Mnt) particles showed only one peak with a mean equivalent spherical diameter of ~410 nm, which changed to 440 nm after 4 days of hydration. Analyses of the fractions by ICP-OES obtained along the size distribution of Na-Mnt showed an abundance of Ca and Mg in the fractions below 250 nm, and confirmed the presence of Fe and Mg as isomorphous substituents. Electron micrographs of the fractions obtained from Na-Mnt size distributions were used to calculate the thickness of the clay particles. Bridging forces between pure orMgsubstituted montmorillonite and either Ca2+ or Na+ were calculated using semi-empirical methods. The results demonstrated that swelling and delamination of Na-Mnt clay particles are dictated by properties such as elemental composition and surface charge which are distributed along the size distribution.
Computational Comparison of Surface Metrics for PDE Constrained Shape Optimization
Authors: Schulz Volker , Siebenborn Martin
Published: February 2016

We compare surface metrics for shape optimization problems with constraints, consisting mainly of partial differential equations (PDE), from a computational point of view.
In particular, classical Laplace–Beltrami type metrics are compared with Steklov–Poincaré type metrics. The test problem is the minimization of energy dissipation of a body in a Stokes flow.
We therefore set up a quasi-Newton method on appropriate shape manifolds together with an augmented Lagrangian framework, in order to enable a straightforward integration of geometric constraints for the shape. The comparison is focussed towards convergence behavior as well as
effects on the mesh quality during shape optimization.
Reduction Smelting Low Ferronickel from Pre-concentrated Nickel-Iron Ore of Nickel Laterite
Authors: Zhu Deqing , Zhou Xianlin , Luo Yanhong , Pan Jian , Bai Bing
Published: February 2016

The research of smelting low ferronickel from pre-concentrate nickel-iron ore with 2.76 % Ni and 38.00 % Fetotal was carried out to find an effective way for stainless steel enterprises to use the low-nickel laterite reasonable. The results show that Ni and Fe both have a certain degree of enrichment, and impurities and harm elements have different degrees of reduction after pre-concentration of nickel-iron ore. Most valuable metal did not compound with impurities which greatly accelerated the speed and extent of melt separation reduction. Good alloy of 6.58 % Ni with the overall recoveries of 93.38 % and 89.95 % Fetotal with the overall recoveries of 89.57 % was manufactured under the following conditions: 10 % coke, 1.0 binary basicity, 18 % MgO and 3 % Al2O3 in slag, melting at 1,550 °C for 10 min. The product can be used for the feed of producing stainless steel.
Compulsory Public Service and the Right to Exit
Authors: Owen David
Published: February 2016

This article addresses Michael Blake and Gillian Brock’s DEBATING BRAIN DRAIN. It argues, contra Blake, that the rights to exit may legitimately be subject to delay. It argues, contra Brock, that such delay is better conceived in terms of a general and reciprocal obligation on citizens that takes the form of compulsory public service.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-1,3-di(pyridin-4-yl)propane-κ
2
N:N′)cadmate(II)] bis(2-aminoisonicotinate) tetrahydrate, C38H50CdN8O10
Authors: Ju Feng-Yang , Li Yun-Ping , Li Gui-Lian
Published: February 2016

C38H50CdN8O10, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.5489(5) Å, b = 9.7236(5) Å, c = 11.8200(6) Å, α = 110.012(3)°, β = 93.335(3)°, γ = 91.943(3)°, V = 1027.78(9) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt
(F) = 0.0340, wR
ref
(F2) = 0.0783, T = 293.
Crystal structure of (4-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)benzoic acid-κN) (4-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)benzoato-κN)silver(I), C20H15N4O4Ag
Authors: Sheng Liang-Quan
Published: February 2016

C20H15N4O4Ag, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.6344(8) Å, b = 9.7274(6) Å, c = 15.7567(10) Å, β = 109.06(1)°, V = 1830.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0244, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0674, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 5-ethyl-6-[(3-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, C13H14N2O2S
Authors: Al-Wabli Reem I. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Lahsasni Siham , Al-Abdullah Ebtehal S. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: February 2016

C13H14N2O2S, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 4.8885(2) Å, b = 10.3414(5) Å, c = 12.6056(6) Å, α = 95.162(2)°, β = 97.487(1)°, γ = 101.494°, V = 614.73(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0507, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1149, T = 100 K.
Variable van der Waals Radii Derived From a Hybrid Gaussian Charge Distribution Model for Continuum-Solvent Electrostatic Calculations
Authors: Ye Renlong , Nie Xuemei , Wong Chung F. , Gong Xuedong , Wang Yan A. , Heine Thomas , Zhou Baojing
Published: February 2016

We introduce a hybrid Gaussian charge distribution model (HGM) that partitions the molecular electron density into overlapping
spherical atomic domains. The semi-empirical HGM consists of atom-centered spherical Gaussian functions and discrete point charges,
which are optimized to reproduce the electrostatic potential on the molecular surface as well as the number of electrons in
atom-centered and certain off-atom-centered spherical regions as closely as possible. In contrast, our previous Gaussian charge
distribution model [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 014509 (2008)] contained only spherical Gaussian functions and was not required to
reproduce the number of electrons in off-atom-centered regions. Variable van der Waals (vdW) radii fluctuating around the Bondi radii
are derived from the HGM based on the isodensity contour concept and further employed to define the molecular cavity in our quantum
mechanical/Poisson–Boltzmann/surface area model as well as the polarizable continuum model. The variable vdW radii produce more
accurate solvation free energies for 31 neutral molecules than the Bondi radii for both continuum solvent models (CSM)
consistently. Moreover, for H atoms, the linear dependence of the atomic radii on the atomic partial charges is identified.
Opening Access to STEM Experiences One Day at a Time: Successful Implementation of a School-wide iSTEM Day
Authors: Hodges Georgia , Jeong Sophia , McKay Peggy , Robertson Tom , Ducrest David
Published: February 2016

Creating partnerships that leverage skill sets from universities and corporate entities to improve STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education is often discussed in theory. However, examples of successful models that might inform practice are scarce. This article describes how one STEM business, university educators, and middle school administrators and teachers successfully developed and implemented an integrated STEM education (iSTEM) experience for all eighth-grade students at a local middle school. We created a professional learning community to establish the goals and vision for the iSTEM day, which included the use of instructionally sound pedagogical methods, intellectually stimulating learning experiences, and a deeply developed understanding of the school context. Our team successfully completed a one-day learning experience that focused on the fundamental concept of osmosis and problem-solving skills. However, the broader impacts of this day included a new collaborative network between the university, the company, and the middle school that remains intact and productive.
Radioactive iodine ablation may not decrease the risk of recurrence in intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kim Seo Ki , Woo Jung-Woo , Lee Jun Ho , Park Inhye , Choe Jun-Ho , Kim Jung-Han , Kim Jee Soo
Published: February 2016

The use of radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation in patients with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who show microscopic extrathyroidal extension (ETE), regional lymph node (LN) metastasis, tumors with aggressive histology, or vascular invasion has been debated due to the lack of data regarding long-term prognosis in this risk group. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to resolve the controversy surrounding the prognostic benefit of RAI ablation, especially in intermediate-risk PTC patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 8297 intermediate-risk PTC patients who underwent primary total thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection at the Thyroid Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea, between January 1997 and June 2015. Of these 8297 patients, 7483 (90.2%) received RAI ablation. After adjusting for clinicopathological characteristics, RAI ablation did not significantly decrease the risk of loco-regional recurrence (LRR) (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.852, P 0.413). Moreover, RAI ablation did not decrease the risk of LRR even in intermediate-risk PTC patients with aggressive features such as BRAF positivity (adjusted HR 0.729, P 0.137), tumor size >1 cm (adjusted HR 0.762, P 0.228), multifocality (adjusted HR 1.032, P 0.926), ETE (adjusted HR 0.870, P 0.541), and regional LN metastasis (adjusted HR 0.804, P 0.349). Furthermore, high-dose RAI ablation (>100 mCi) did not significantly decrease the risk of LRR (adjusted HR 0.942, P 0.843). Therefore, RAI ablation in intermediate-risk PTC patients should be considered on the basis of tailored risk restratification.
Expression of nectin-4 as a potential biomarker in enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma of goats
Authors: Aydoğan Ahmet , Özmen Özlem
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to test nectin-4 by immunohistochemistry as a potential biomarker in enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) of goats. Twentyfour archival ENA case samples [from 14 male and 10 female hair goats (Capra hircus)] were used. The samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE). Nectin-4 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. By microscopy, tubular, papillary, and mixed patterns of ENA were diagnosed in the cases. Immunohistochemically, the tumours showed moderate nectin-4 expression (++) in 14 cases (58.3%), strong expression (+++) in five cases (20.8%), and weak expression (+) in three cases (12.5%), while two cases (8.3%) were negative. Normal nasal tissues were not stained with nectin-4. The results suggest that nectin-4 may be used as a valuable biomarker of ENA.
Clinicopathological significance of caspase-3 and Ki-67 expression in canine mammary gland tumours
Authors: Rodrigues Helena , Carvalho Maria Isabel , Pires Isabel , Prada Justina , Queiroga Felisbina L.
Published: February 2016

Fifty canine mammary gland tumours (CMGT) (18 benign and 32 malignant) were studied by immunohistochemical detection of active caspase-3 and Ki-67 antigens in order to determine their association with several clinicopathological parameters. The percentage of caspase-3 positive cells was significantly higher in benign tumours as compared to their malignant counterparts (P ≤ 0.001). In the group of malignant tumours there was no significant association between active caspase-3 and the clinicopathological variables considered. The percentage of Ki- 67 positive cells was significantly higher in malignant tumours compared to the benign ones (P ≤ 0.001). In the group of malignant tumours, Ki-67 expression showed a statistically significant association with tumour size (P = 0.025), histological type (P = 0.010), mitotic grade (P ≤ 0.001), nuclear grade (P = 0.025), differentiation grade (P = 0.004), histological grade of malignancy (P = 0.002), and presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes (P = 0.025). Furthermore, this study revealed a negative correlation between the percentages of active caspase-3 and Ki-67 (r = –0.39; P = 0.04). Thus, our results suggest a loss of balance between cell death and cell division in CMGT. Key words: Apoptosis, caspase-3, Ki
Features and affix-hop
Authors: van Gelderen Elly
Published: February 2016

In this paper, I review how formal features are currently regarded and used in the Minimalist Program. Although features are the cornerstone in Minimalism, they are used in many different and conflicting ways. Features may seem particularly relevant to affix-hop because the affix has to be checked against a higher verb or auxiliary. Chomsky’s (1957) analysis of affix-hop has the affix connected with an auxiliary, e.g., the -en of have-en, move to a verb on its right, as in have see-en. This analysis is one of the high points of early generative grammar but, with each new instantiation of the generative model, it has needed adjustments and the phenomenon is still debated. I will elaborate on a proposal made in van Gelderen (2013) who argues that interpretable tense, mood, or aspect are in a low position being probed by the relevant uninterpretable features in a high position. This view I claim is consistent with data from change and acquisition. I also discuss the implications of this reliance on features for learnability and Universal Grammar.
An interactive map of mountain river hydromorphological diversity — case study
Authors: Bedla Dawid , Król Karol
Published: February 2016

New means and forms of media develop dynamically in the contemporary world. Field researches results do not have to be popularized only in text or tabular static elaborations forms.
Widely available computer techniques and tools can be used to their presentation equally well.
They enable creating internet applications which make interaction with a user possible through
various components.
The aim of the paper is to present topic internet conception of a map which shows mountain
river’s hydromorphological diversity on the example of Wieprzówka stream. Project assumes
spatial relation of objects observed in the field by means of geographic coordinates plotted on
the interactive globe’s map. Its informative and multimedia character was presumed in the map’s
project.
Field tests the results of which were presented on the map were performed within the frames of
initiative to create given watercourses base proposed by the international ecological organization
called in short WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) and Poznań University of Life Sciences.
Presentation of objects and spatial phenomena on the internet map by means of net resource address parameterization technique
Authors: Król Karol
Published: February 2016

Over the course of several years, web cartography which changed the way of presentation and
exchange of information gained new sense. Techniques development and availability of geoinformation tools in connection with net data transfer new quality enabled to create maps accessible in real time according to user’s preference.
The aim of the paper is to characterize and evaluate technique of parameterization for net resource URL address (Uniform Resource Locator). Examples of maps presented in a browser’s
window according to set parameters defined in accordance with rules in force in the range of
API programistic interfaces of chosen map services were presented in the paper. Maps developed by URL link parameterization technique were put to functional tests. Moreover, efficiency
and utility tests were performed.
Performed tests show that creating maps with help of discussed technique needs knowledge and
expert abilities which may cause difficulties to less advanced users and its use allows to evoke
maps in the browser’s window but in the limited range.
Solid solubility of magnesium oxide in aluminoferrite
Authors: Li Jing , Cao Deguang , Nong Shilei , Nong Rong , Liu Wenwei , Chen Chunyan
Published: February 2016

The state of magnesium oxide (MgO) in cement clinker has a direct impact on its stability and it is therefore important to determine the solid solubility of magnesium oxide in the main minerals of clinker. Aluminoferrite is one of the four main components of clinker. This work studied the state and solid solubility of magnesium oxide in aluminoferrite by replacing the same molar mass of calcium oxide (CaO) with 0·5 mol and 1 mol magnesium oxide; comparisons with a blank sample were made. The samples were analysed by x-ray diffraction, lithofacies analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that new phases appeared in the system when magnesium oxide was added and the quantity of new phases increased as the content of magnesium oxide increased. The maximum solid solubility of magnesium oxide in the system was determined to be about 4·5%, with most dissolved in a glass phase instead of crystallographic tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF).
Nanostructured zinc oxide thin films by spin coating technique
Authors: Tamil Illakkiya Jayaraj , Hemalatha Sampath , Usha Rajalakshmi Parthasarathy , Oommen Rachel
Published: February 2016

Nanocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by sol-gel spin coating method. Two different sols were prepared using zinc acetate dihydrate as a precursor material dissolved in isopropyl alcohol as a solvent in the presence of two different aminoalcohols including monoethanolamine (MEA) and triethanolamine (TEA) which act as stabilisers. The molar ratio of MEA/TEA to zinc acetate was maintained at 1·0. The effect of MEA/TEA on the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of zinc oxide thin films has been investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, UV-Vis-spectrophotometer, photoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy with elemental composition analysis and four-probe techniques, respectively. X-ray analysis showed that the crystallinity and the particle size decreases for zinc oxide film with TEA as the stabilising agent. Optical studies revealed that zinc oxide films, with TEA, were highly transparent and exhibited large band gap. Compared to TEA, MEA has a significant impact on the zinc oxide film morphology. The activation energy, Ea, was calculated and was found to be 0·4 and 0·2 eV for zinc oxide thin film with MEA and TEA stabilisers, respectively.
Programas, intervenciones y prácticas efectivas en prevención de drogodependencias con mujeres jóvenes.
Authors: Pozo gordaliza Rosario , Orte Carmen , Vives Marga
Published: February 2016

Recientemente a nivel internacional se ha incrementado el interés en la identificación de prácticas efectivas que contemplen las necesidades particulares de las niñas o jóvenes, precisamente motivado por el abuso de sustancias tóxicas y sus “altos” contactos con Justicia juvenil y de adultos. La literatura revisada revela que en general son muy escasos los programas específicos para chicas en materia de prevención de drogodependencias. Además son también pocos los que han publicado sus resultados desagregados por sexo. Por lo que la necesidad de estudio y de evaluación son tremendamente necesarios para poder dar una respuesta adecuada a sus necesidades. Por todo ello, este artículo revisa y analiza los distintos discursos entorno a los factores de éxito y riesgo al igual que los programas específicos en prevención de drogodependencias (y residenciales) con chicas o mujeres jóvenes.ABSTRACT:Recently at the international level has been increased interest in identifying effective practices that address the particular needs of girls, motivated precisely by the Substance Abuse and "high" contacts with youth and adults Justice. The literature review reveals that in general there are very few specific programs for girls in the prevention of drug addiction. In addition are also very few who have published their results disaggregated by sex. So the need for study and evaluation are extremely necessary to provide an adequate response to their needs. Therefore, this paper reviews and analyzes the different discourses around the success and risk factors as well as the specific programs in drug prevention (and residential) with girls or young women.Keywords: young offenders, preventive programs, residential drug addiction
The contours of the processes of nature and science education
Authors: Freitas Marcilio , Freitas Marilene
Published: February 2016

This essay analyzes the historical connections that have articulated the foundations of natural sciences and the technology in worldwide ambit during the 20st century. The need to construct new educational and philosophical conceptions compromised with the sustainability and the future of the planet and the humanity is treated in this essay. The limitations of natural sciences in the solution of complex problems of the humanity are questions also shown in this study. Finally the importance of education for the construction of the economic and social development has been emphasized.
THz Electron Paramagnetic Resonance / THz Spectroscopy at BESSY II
Authors: Holldack Karsten , Schnegg Alexander
Published: February 2016

The THz beamline at BESSY II employs high power broadband femto- to picosecond long THz pulses for magneto-optical THz and FIR studies. A newly designed set-up exploits the unique properties of ultrashort THz pulses generated by laser-energy modulation of electron bunches in the storage ring or alternatively from compressed electron bunches. Experiments from 0.15 to 5 THz (~ 5 – 150 cm-1) may be conducted at a user station equipped with a fully evacuated high resolution FTIR spectrometer (0.0063 cm-1), lHe cooled bolometer detectors, a THz TDS set-up and different sample environments, including a superconducting high field magnet (+11 T - 11T) with variable temperature insert (1.5 K – 300 K), a sample cryostat and a THz attenuated total reflection chamber.  Main applications are Frequency Domain Fourier transform THz-Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (FD-FT THz-EPR), THz-FTIR spectroscopy and optical pump - THz probe time domain spectroscopy (TDS), with sub-ps time resolution.
La seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de Colombia, una prioridad
Authors: Bozón Martínez Erix
Published: February 2016

Editorial
Editorial
Authors: Vives Antonio
Published: February 2016

Editorial
Elementos para la comprensión del fenómeno de la deserción universitaria en Colombia. Más allá de las mediciones
Authors: Barragán Diaz Diego , Patiño Garzón Luceli
Published: February 2016

resultado del proyectoEl artículo analiza las interpretaciones sobre la deserción en la universidad Colombiana. Las miradas usuales sobre deserción se orientan a reflexionar y ofrecer mecanismos de intervención en las universidades, sin relacionarlo con la disminución del valor social de la educación superior. Para comprender la deserción, es necesario acercase a los roles y los lazos que en campo educativo desarrollan: estudiantes, universidades y gobierno. Las fuentes utilizadas son investigaciones, reflexiones e informes de instituciones públicas sobre deserción. Las preocupaciones actuales se orientan a retener a los potenciales desertores, no a entender cómo universidad, sociedad y Estado, no ofrecen las condiciones para que los jóvenes proyecten su futuro, que materialicen sus sueños y anhelos, en un contexto con pocas opciones laborales y constantes crisis económicas y sociales.
The Wage Gap And Comparable Worth
Authors: Dobbelaere Arthur G.
Published: February 2016

The issue of equal pay for equal work between males and females, although not in political vogue, is an issue with merit and need of resolution.
The Export Incentive Fund: A State-Level Export Program For Economic Development
Authors: Zech Charles E.
Published: February 2016

The export incentive fund is a new and effective method of stimulating foreign exports available to state governments.
How To Determine The Optimal Write-Off Strategy For Depreciable Three- and Five-Year Property
Authors: Clute Ronald C.
Published: February 2016

Selecting the most advantageous depreciation method for tax purposes is contingent upon compliance cost.
Managerial Decisions On Annual Earnings Announcement Timing
Authors: Yang Xiaolou , Yang Rong
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mid-to-long term impacts of Regulation Fair Disclosure (FD) on managerial decisions of annual earnings announcement dates. Empirical results indicate a significant negative effect of Regulation FD on the timing of firms information disclosure: first, the annual earning releasing time is delayed for both open-call and close-call firms after Regulation FD; second, an unexpected delay in earnings releasing is pronounced for closed-call firms than for open-call firms in the pre-FD period; moreover, a significant difference in disclosure timing made between the open-call and close-call firms does not disappear in the post-FD period. Our finding provides additional evidence of the unintended consequence of Regulation FD: a delay in annual earnings releasing time.
The Determinants Of Web-Based Investor Relations Activities By Companies Operating In Emerging Economies: The Case Of Jordan
Authors: AbuGhazaleh Naser M. , Qasim Amer , Roberts Clare
Published: February 2016

Using a multi-theoretical approach, this study seeks to examine the determinants of corporate web-based investor relations (IR) activities for companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange. Jordan provides an interesting context to pursue the objectives of this study because it provides insights into how listed companies are voluntarily responding to recent government and financial market regulators initiatives to encourage the use of the internet and to keep financial market participants informed about corporate activities. A survey analysis is conducted to examine online reporting practices of Jordanian listed companies. The explanatory analysis relies on logistic, ranked and normal scores ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses and identifies ten explanatory variables that may affect the existence and level of web-based IR disclosure; company size, profitability, government ownership, institutional ownership, number of shareholders, growth prospects, age, industry type, auditor type, and equity need. Results reveal that the existence of web sites is positively related to company size and industry (Financials) while the extent of web-based IR disclosure is significantly positively related to size, governmental ownership, institutional ownership, number of shareholders, and industrial type (Financials); however, it is negatively related to company age.
Chasing Housing Prices?
Authors: Atkins Allen , Chiang Kevin C.H. , Lee Ming-Long
Published: February 2016

If a person or organization is planning to buy real estate in the future but is unable or unwilling to buy it now, how can they best hedge this purchase? In what class of asset should they invest their money until they are ready to purchase the real estate? This paper uses Monte Carlo simulation and bootstrap techniques to investigate the effectiveness of using traditional asset classes in managing the long-term risks associated with the future purchase of real estate. We find that the best purchase early hedge for both residential and commercial real estate is small value stocks. Small value stocks would be the most likely to provide returns at least as good as real estate and they would be least likely to suffer losses relative to real estate. The effectiveness of the hedge increases the longer the time horizon of the investor. Large value stocks and equity REITs are also quite good but not as good as small value stocks. Other asset classes are not nearly as effective. The least effective asset class is T-Bills.
The Impact Of Corporate Governance And The Sarbanes-Oxley Act On CEO Compensation
Authors: Nourayi Mahmoud M. , Kalbers Lawrence , Daroca Frank P.
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the effects of corporate governance on CEO compensation in light of regulatory controls introduced by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). The influence of economic and corporate governance variables on incentive-based CEO compensation are considered, using cross-section time-series panel data that includes multiple observations for the years 1999 to 2005. As expected, sales, firm performance (returns), and CEO age were found to positively affect the incentive components of CEO compensation. CEO duality, board size, and the percentage of outside directors had a significant influence on CEO compensation in the pre-SOX, but not post-SOX, period. The influences of these three variables in the pre-SOX period were not in the expected directions. Stratification of our sample into two groups by size reveals similarities and differences between smaller and larger firms. For both groups, economic determinants are more dominant than corporate governance variables as determinants of incentive-based CEO compensation. We find differences in the pattern and significance of variables between the smaller and larger firms, particularly for corporate governance variables, pre- and post-SOX. These results suggest that the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms may vary by size of company.
Intrapreneurial Workplaces And Job Satisfaction: The Case Of Thai Employees
Authors: Sungkhawan Jatuporn , Mujtaba Bahaudin G. , Swaidan Ziad , Kaweevisultrakul Tanin
Published: February 2016

Todays competitive workplace requires that employees think creatively and take personal responsibility for their work as if they owned the business. Such ideal and perceived ownership can lead to higher productivity and better job satisfaction levels in the workplace. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and organizational performance and overall job satisfaction. Using the responses of 450 employees who work in private companies in Thailand, the study found differences in corporate entrepreneurship and overall job satisfaction based on various demographic variables, namely education, occupation, and position. Regarding autonomy/work discretion, there are differences in autonomy/work discretion and demographic profile, which include gender, education level, salary, type of company, and type of business. Implications for practice and recommendations for future research are presented.
Is Sentiment Risk Priced By Stock Market?
Authors: Beer Francisca , Watfa Mohamad , Zouaoui Mohamed
Published: February 2016

This study tests if the financial markets price the investors sentiment risk. We construct portfolios based upon the stock returns exposure to sentiment. Our results show that the portfolio returns are positively correlated with the exposure of stocks to sentiment. The strategy that consists of buying stocks with the highest exposure to sentiment and selling stocks with the lowest exposure to sentiment generates a significant raw profit. Exploring the sources of profit, we find that neither the traditional risk factors nor the momentum factor can account for the profit. However, we find that the addition of the sentiment risk premium contributes to explain the profit.
The Choice Between Single-Unit And Multi-Unit Franchising: Combining Agency And Transaction Cost Perspectives
Authors: Hussain Dildar , Moritz Lindia , Windsperger Josef
Published: February 2016

This study investigates the factors explaining the franchisors choice between single-unit and multi-unit franchising based on agency theory and transaction cost theory. We examine the impact of behavioral uncertainty due to shirking and free-riding, franchisees transaction-specific investments, and environmental uncertainty on the franchisors choice of multi-unit franchising. Our empirical results from the German franchise sector provide strong support of the transaction cost hypotheses and relatively weak support of the agency-theoretical hypotheses. This study contributes to the literature by showing that the transaction cost explanation complements the agency cost explanation of multi-unit franchising.
Credit Ratings, Cost Of Debt, And Internal Control Disclosures: A Comparison Of SOX 302 And SOX 404
Authors: Crabtree Aaron , Maher John J.
Published: February 2016

We compare the effects of SOX 302 and SOX 404 mandated internal control system disclosures on firm credit ratings, changes in credit ratings, and firm cost of debt. We find results consistent with the interpretation that disclosure of firm internal control deficiencies provides incremental information to credit analysts which is negatively associated with a firms credit rating, and positively associated with cost of debt. Additionally, we find that while disclosures under SOX 302 are negatively related to credit ratings, this effect largely disappears once prior 404 disclosures are considered. Importantly, the impact of 404 internal control disclosures is significant regardless of past 302 disclosures. These results contribute positively to the public policy debate concerning the efficacy of auditor attested internal control evaluations required by SOX 404.