bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Ruas Jalan Lintas Sumatera Kota Tebing Tinggi Dan Kisaran Sebagai Titik Rawan Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas
Authors: Siregar Zulkifli , Dewi Irma
Published: April 2022

Jalan raya di Indonesia masih tempat yang mematikan bagi pengguna jalan. Negara Indonesia menganggap hampir 92,0% terjadinya kecelakaan disebabkan oleh faktor manusia, 5,0% faktor kendaraan,  3,0% faktor infrastruktur jalan dan lingkungan. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas di ruas Jalan Lintas Sumatera antara Kota Tebing Tinggi dan Kisaran  dan penentuan titik rawan (black spot) kecelakaan lalu lintas  merupakan bagian dari rumusan masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini, yaitu terdiri dari bagaimana mengetahui faktor-faktor utama yang menyebabkan  terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas pada ruas jalan lintas Sumatera Kota Tebing Tinggi dan Kisaran. Bagaimana mengidentifikasi titik rawan kecelakaan lalu lintas dan mengklasifikasikan panjang ruas jalan yang frekuensi kecelakaan lalu lintasnya cukup tinggi. Metode Uji-t diperoleh beberapa hasil sebagai berikut: faktor pengemudi sebesar 55,3%, faktor kendaraan sebesar 13,3%, faktor jalan sebesar 20,3%, faktor lingkungan sebesar 11%. Dalam hal ini tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang cukup signifikan terhadap jumlah angka kecelakaan dan faktor penyebab kecelakaan pada lokasi yang rawan dengan tipikal kecelakaan sejenis di ruas jalan tersebut. metode APW (Accident Point Weightage) dan Metode Frekuensi maka dalam rentang kurun waktu 2 (dua) tahun terakhir diperoleh hasil berupa kawasan-kawasan yang menjadi titik rawan (black spot) pada ruas jalan lintas Sumatera antara Kota Tebing Tinggi - Kisaran, Selain itu metode APW juga menghasilkan daerah black site dengan rincian Tingkat keparahan kecelakaan lalu lintas terjadi pada tahun 2014 dengan nilai APW 152,2 ruas (km) 140-146 tepatnya berada pada ruas jalan Desa Sei Balai. Data ini dihasilkan melalui metode APW yang dapat menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi lokasi-lokasi rawan kecelakaan black spot dan black site. Hasil analisa daerah rawan kecelakaan terbesar yang terjadi pada kurun waktu tahun 2014 dengan jumlah kecelakaan sebanyak 34 kasus terjadi di Desa Sei Balai. Dengan metode Frekuensi didapatkan hasil perhitungan adanya lokasi rawan  kecelakaan di daerah tersebut dengan jumlah kecelakaan 10  per lokasi
Analisis Pengaruh Mekanisme Katub Terhadap Daya Pada Motor Bakar 4 Tak Dengan Bahan Bakar Bensin Mesin 1500 CC
Authors: Saragi J HT , Purba J S
Published: April 2022

The increasing need for fuel and the increasingly soaring prices have resulted in many automotive manufacturers creating vehicles that consume more fuel efficiently with ideal engine performance. Torque and power are measures that describe the performance output of an internal combustion motor. These two parameters describe two different performance elements, depending on the use of the vehicle. The selection factor for the type of valve mechanism is based on its technological capability in activating engine power, increasing engine efficiency, reducing exhaust emissions, effectiveness and efficiency in reducing fuel consumption. Focusing on reducing fuel consumption, the most important thing is how there is a good system for engine control, on the engine itself, assistive devices and a good overall transmission system, so one of the valve mechanisms that promises to improve fuel efficiency is effective. Also improvements to exhaust emissions are the CVTC (Continuously Variable Timing Control) valve mechanism. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the CVTC valve mechanism on engine power. CVTC has the ability to effectively control the intake camshaft to provide the most optimal valve timing for engine conditions, improve torque at all speed levels, and save fuel.
Evaluation efficiency of Metarhizium anisopliae fungi in larva mortality Culex pipiens
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Jabber , Ali Sadik Thajib
Published: April 2022

This study has targeted the evaluation of the efficiency metarhizium anisopliae fungi in different concentrations of bio control four stages Culex Pipiens mosquitoes. This study has been showed different results by different concentrations and exposure periods for all stages larva Culex Pipiens that was sensitive to selective concentrations 2x105,  2x107  and 2x109 spore/ml . The concentration 2x109 was recorded highest mortality in first stage reach (63.55), while lowest concentration While the rate of floating the same pours when concentration is 2x105 and reached (49.57) The rate of secondary and third, third and fourth phase has reached the top 2x109 (56.87, 48.55%, 44.80%), respectively, While the percharge rate itself is at least 2x105 (45.22%, 38.75%, 34.75%, 34.38%), respectively. With regard to exposure periods, the exposure period after (96) hours achieved a significant output at other exposure periods, where the rate of land phase The first (81.1%) is the rate of perhaps, while the exposure period (24) has given less rate for the same phase, amounting to 30.82%.
Smoking culture seen through Korean Protestant Christianity
Authors: Park Yong-ho , Jeong Moo-jin , Chung Jun-ki
Published: April 2022

Most South Korean male adults smoke. Korean Protestant Christianity regarded  smoking as ‘sinful’ and it was forbidden. However the Protestants in Korea today do not consider the consumption of tobacco as sinful, although they tend to avoid alcohol and tobacco as they hinder the teachings of the Bible. In accordance with the Constitution and laws, the Korean government permits smoking by recognizing the inherent right of human beings, although smoking is prohibited in public places such as schools and hospitals or restricted to certain places. Unfortunately, the number of smokers is rising in all spheres of society, including the Church. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to facilitate the conversion of smoking cessation into a purification movement in Korean society by presenting measures to prevent it.
Design of framework for multi-objective workflow planning for IaaS platform in cloud environment
Authors: Kadam Anilkumar J , Jondhale K C
Published: April 2022

Today’s, we have seen in business third party companies making huge charges to customer in cloud computing platform. So, we are providing solution for how much, we are used cloud service as per timing slots we pay to company as making assets based usages on worked and service  level agreement. Despite the fact that there are many existing work process accounting calculations in common widespread or heterogeneous registration conditions, they have problems to be directly connected to the cloud situations as cloud stands out from common heterogeneous situations by its management-based asset monitoring strategy and payment -Pro- Use evaluation methods. In this paper, we have introduce such type challenges and making the model workflow of planning problem that improves both brand throughput and costs as a Multiple objective Optimization Problem (MOP) of the cloud scenarios using more than one assessment plan, event sorting or even Multi-clouds in a lonely roadmap.
study of lumbar lordosis angle on digital radiographs and its co-relation with demographic parameters and occupation in north Indian population
Authors: Parashar Rekha , Parashar Navneet , Thakur Bhawna
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Lumbar lordosis can be defined as the curvature assumed by intact lumbar spine to provide resilience and protection from the compressive forces. Measurement of lumbar lordosis angle is used to evaluate the stability of this region. The purpose of the study was to assess lumbar lordosis angle and its correlation with demographic parameters and occupation in the North Indian population as there is relative paucity of data.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study in 500 subjects. The digital radiographs in lateral view of the lumbo sacral spine in erect position were obtained and  lumbar lordosis angle were evaluated using  Radiant Dicom Software. The lumbar lordosis angle was measured along with demographic parameters were noted. Results: The mean values of   lumbar lordosis angle was found to be LLA=39.400±9.200. There was a positive correlation of lumbar lordosis angle with weight, BMI, HC and WC of the subjects. The lumbar lordosis angle didn’t observe any significant relationship with occupation.Conclusion: The mean value of lumbar lordosis angle was 39.400±9.200. The results of the present study show significant greater angle in females.
review on metabolic syndrome
Authors: Gupta Manish Kumar , Dhane Ketaki , Shrivasttva Birendra , Hyam Supriya , Nagare Sujit , Patil Abhinandan
Published: April 2022

Metabolic syndrome is considered a major reason for the emergence of chronic dreadful diseases. Obesity and wrong food habit are key factors for metabolic syndrome. Globally people are affected by glucose intolerance, central obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Diabetes is a major part of metabolic syndrome. Targeted anti-inflammatory therapy has been suggested for both prevention and treatment of many of the above-said syndrome especially diabetes. Diet is an important regulatory factor in the immune response. There is considerable evidence to suggest that malnutrition leads to immune suppression due to a susceptibility to infection. On the other hand, over-nutrition leads to immune activation due to a susceptibility to an inflammatory condition. Inflammation may have an important role in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications; however, the impact of experimental anti-inflammatory treatments on diabetes deterioration over time and cardiovascular outcomes is still elusive. Thus proper diet with some drug therapy not only resolves the issue but can prevent the progression of the disease at extreme levels.
influence of tibial plateau morphometric risk factors on ACL injury: A retrospective case control study
Authors: Prabu M. , Chandrashekar Sushma , Duddukunta Vishal Reddy , Naresh G , Raja Satish
Published: April 2022

Background: ACL injuries lead to significant disability among the injured, often requiring surgical reconstruction. Anatomical morphometric analysis helps us identify individuals who are more susceptible to incurring an ACL injury, despite activity modifications, thereby improving quality of life and decreasing the economic burden posed by a potential ACL injury. We explore the relation between morphometric variations in Tibial plateau measured by Medial Tibial plateau slope (MTS), lateral Tibial plateau slope (LTS), Medial Tibial plateau depth (MTD), Tibial eminence height (TEH), Tibial eminence width (TEW) on MRI in association with an ACL tear. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 269 patients who underwent knee MRI and clinical examination for suspected ACL pathology. Participants were divided into two groups – cases (ACL-injured) and controls (ACL-uninjured) based on MRI and clinical findings suggestive of a complete ACL tear.  In both groups, MTS, LTS, MTD, TEH, TEW were calculated. Results: Patients with steeper MTS and LTS and shallower MTD had increased chances of sustaining an ACL injury (p<0.05). Variations in the Tibial eminence morphometrics, however, didn't show any significant association towards increased chances of an ACL injury. Apart from MTD (p<0.05), gender variations in Tibial morphometrics leading to ACL injury were insignificant.
Cross sectional study of p53 immunohistochemical expression of HER2-positive and negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Dawod Alaa Talib , Abood Ali Hassan
Published: April 2022

The current study included forty Iraqi female   patients suffered from breast carcinoma were age varied from 34-75 years old, diagnosed through the period from 19 January 2019 to 7 April 2021. In present study used paraffin-embedded of female breast carcinoma sections have been confirmed histological diagnosis such as tumor size, differentiation degree and types of invasive breast cancers after reviewing all slides by specialist pathologists from different centers in AL-Najaf province. Cross sectional study of immunohistochemical expression of biomarker protein P53 (P53) positive and negative females with invasive breast cancers that have been conducted in Middle Euphrates Unit for Cancer Researches / University of Kufa . The highest percentage of P53 over expression  was (12.5%) at age (50-59), while the lowest percentage found in age less than 40 years. The results obtained  from the present study  showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) between P53 overexpression and patient age and according to histological type appeared of P53ve+  (27.5%  in IDC and was (2.5%) in ILC, and P53ve+   which had significant difference (p<0.05) between P53ve+and histopathological type.
On the brink of transformation
Authors: Shewale Sunil , Undale Vaishali , Kawaste Akshata , Bhalchim Vrushali , Shelar Maruti , Gundecha Sachin
Published: April 2022

The research on drug development life cycle and bringing sole new drug to the market is a million dollar question for pharmaceutical organization. Any clinical trial consumes average of 10 to 15 years and USD 1.5-2.0 billion with uncertainty of medications for its effectiveness for human use. Hardly, one out of 10 compounds entering into the clinical trial that reaches to the market rendering a major loss to pharmaceutical or biotech company in case of trial failure. Conversely, with changing time and an increase in the number of medicines approved by regulatory authorities, the regulatory teams are increasing networks for monitoring and assembling adverse event reports from varied sources. This in turn, has increases annual exponential rise in data volumes and the companies are facing a huge challenge in processing it. To meet such challenges, organizations must sharpen their ability to introduce new wearables for clinical trials and provide advanced cognitive solution to handle large and complex datasets. This has summoned concepts like Artificial Intelligence to expedite medical science and clinical trial and pharmacovigilance attain success.
Pediatric burns and the leading factors of burn injury
Authors: BAŞARAN Abdulkadir , ÖZLÜ Özer
Published: April 2022

Objective: Burn trauma is an important health problem especially in children who are mostly the affected group as they are not fully capable of protecting themselves from injuries. The aim of this study is to present the clinical features of preschool pediatric burn patients treated in our tertiary reference burn center and highlight the main factors leading to burn injury.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted between 1 January 2021 and 30 June 2021 in our tertiary burn center. A total of 123 patients at preschool age who were hospitalized are included in this cross-sectional study. The clinical features, burn etiology and the environmental factors leading to burn injury were obtained from patient files, hospital registry and face to face interviews with parents of hospitalized children.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 2.40±1.3 years. The etiology of burn was mainly scalds (%87.8) followed by flame (%10.6) and electrical burns (%1.6). Among the patients 81 (%65.9) of them were living in urban area, 32 (%26) in rural area and 10 (%8.1) in tents or refugee camps. The household population was 5.53±2.3. The children were not alone (%84.6) during the burn injury and in %54.5 of cases the kitchen was the place of injury.
Conclusion: Overcrowded conditions were prominent among the patients. Although there was an adult nearby at the time of injury there was lack of supervision by the caregiver. The burns are likely to occur in the kitchen where unsafe cooking and dining on the floor takes place. Therefore preventive strategies are required to imply the importance of simple safety measures for safe cooking and dining if the children cannot be kept away from the kitchen
Propagation of Lagerstroemia Indica L.: Effect of IBA - Chemical formulations and cutting types on rooting behaviour of stem cuttings in relation to Biochemical changes
Authors: Bandana L. , Shamet G.S.
Published: April 2022

The study was conducted to ascertain the effect of IBA- chemical formulations and cutting types on rooting behaviour of Lagerstroemia indica during monsoon and spring seasons. The cuttings taken in monsoon (August) performed remarkably better than those taken in spring (March). Application of 0.4% IBA + 1% captan + 2% sucrose- talc registered the best sprouting (68.89%), rooting (75.56%) and root characteristics. The lateral cuttings resulted in significantly better rooting and root characteristics as compared to terminal and sub- terminal cuttings. Interaction effect revealed a maximum 86.67 per cent rooting when lateral cuttings were treated with the formulation of 0.4% IBA + 1% captan + 2% sucrose- talc and planted in monsoon. The study also revealed that cuttings with higher levels of total phenol, total carbohydrate and C/N ratio and low level of nitrogen exhibited better results.
Servikal Laminoplastide 25 Olguluk Deneyimimiz; Retrospektif Çalışma
Authors: Yılmaz İlhan , Tanrıverdi Osman
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Servikal spondilotik miyelopati (SSM) servikal vertebrada dejeneratif değişikliklere bağlı gelişen ve spinal kanalda stenoza neden olan nörolojik bir bozukluktur. Çok seviyeli SSM, servikal konjenital dar kanal ve posterior longitudinal ligaman ossifikasyonunda (PLLO) cerrahi tedavi seçimi tartışmalıdır. Çalışmamızda servikal laminoplastik cerrahi yöntemle opere edilen SSM’li hastaların cerrahi sonuçları “JOA” skorlama yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilecek ve yöntemin etkinliği literatür bilgileri eşliğinde tartışılacaktır.
Yöntem: Hastanemiz Nöroşirurji kliniğinde 2014-2019 tarihleri arasında laminoplasti yöntemiyle opere edilen 8’i kadın, 17’si erkek toplam 25 SSM ve PLLO’lu hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi. Elde edilen sonuçlar “JOA” skorlama yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel analiz için SPSS 15.0 for Windows programı kullanıldı. İstatistiksel alfa anlamlılık seviyesi p<0,05 olarak kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Sonuçlar incelendiğinde preop JOA ortalaması 11,2±3,4 iken postop JOA ortalaması 14,5±2,1 olarak tespit edildi. Fark ortalaması 3,4±2,9 olarak bulundu ve bu sonuç istatistiksel olarak anlamlı idi (p<0,001). Çalışmamızda opere edilen SSM ve PLLO’lu toplam 25 olgunun uzun dönem takiplerinde 16 olguda klinik düzelme gözlendi, 8 olguda preop dönem ile karşılaştırıldığında fark izlenmedi, 1 olguda geçmeyen boyun ağrısı tespit edildi.
Sonuç: Laminoplasti, SSM, PLLO ve diğer nedenlere bağlı olarak gelişen multipl seviyeli servikal stenoz tedavisinde giderek daha popüler hale gelmektedir. Diğer cerrahi yöntemler ile karşılaştırıldığında laminoplasti daha fizyolojik ve daha az komplikasyon oranlarına sahip olması nedeniyle özellikle çok seviyeli SSM ve PLLO’lu hastalarda en iyi seçenek gibi görünmektedir.
The Role of Unilateral Hemilaminectomy in Benign Intradural Spinal Tumor Surgery
Authors: Köylü Reha Can , Etli Mustafa Umut , Yaltırık Cumhur Kaan
Published: April 2022

Objective: Hemilaminectomy can be used to treat different space-occupying lesions, whether intradural, extramedullary, intramedullary, or extradural. In this study, We have investigated to illuminate the role of hemilaminectomy in benign spinal cord tumors, which occupy the spinal canal.
Materials and Methods: 15 patients with spinal tumors who were operated on with hemilaminectomy were included in the evaluation. The hemilaminectomy method was chosen based on the size, laterality, number of segments involved, and possible pathologies. The demographics of the subjects, as well as their operating reports, histological results, pre- and postoperative images, and follow-up information, were examined. Frankel grade classification was used to assess the neurological status on admission and during follow-up.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.4 years. Nine of the patients were male and 6 were female. According to tumor localization, 3 of them were cervical, 7 were thoracic, and 5 were lumbar. 4 of them were meningiomas, 6 were ependymomas, and 5 were schwannomas. One patient was worse than the pre-operative, and the post-operative grades of the remaining 11 patients were similar to the pre-operative grades. Post-operative imaging showed that gross-total resection was achieved in all patients.
Conclusion: If used correctly and with a reasonable learning curve, limited unilateral hemilaminectomy can offer enough access to the dural sac, allowing for safe resection of nearly all spinal intradural and extradural lesions. Because it takes less time to operate than a standard laminectomy, it is better for older or high-risk patients.
Simulation in plastic and reconstructive surgery: a scoping review
Authors: Seifman Marc A , Young Abby B , Nestel Debra
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction

Since the origins of surgery, simulation has played an important role in surgical education, particularly in plastic and reconstructive surgery. This has greater relevance in contemporary settings of reduced clinical exposure resulting in limited work-based learning opportunities. With changing surgical curricula, it is prescient to examine the role of simulation in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Methods

A scoping review protocol was used to identify relevant studies, with an iterative process identifying, reviewing and charting the data to derive reported outcomes and themes.

Results

Of the 554 studies identified, 52 studies were included in this review. The themes identified included simulator modalities, curriculum elements targeted and relevant surgical competencies. There was a predominance of synthetically based simulators, targeting technical skills largely associated with microsurgery, paediatric surgery and craniomaxillofacial surgery.

Discussion

Existing simulators largely address high-complexity procedures. There are multiple under-represented areas, including low-complexity procedures and simulation activities addressing communication, collaboration, management and leadership. There are many opportunities for simulation in surgical education, which requires a contextual appreciation of educational theory. Simulation may be used both as a learning method and as an assessment tool.

Conclusion

This review describes the literature relating to simulation in plastic and reconstructive surgery and proposes opportunities for incorporating simulation in a broader sense, in the surgical curriculum.
Endometrial thickness and uterine artery Doppler parameters as soft markers for prediction of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal bleeding women: a cross-sectional study at tertiary referral hospitals from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phuc Nhon , Nguyen Van Tuan
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the value of endometrial thickness (ET) and Doppler indices of uterine artery (UtA) as sonographic markers in predicting endometrial cancer (EC) among postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) women in low-resource settings as Vietnam.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hue University Hospital and Hue Central Hospital between June 2016 and June 2019. The study enrolled all women who complained of PMB and were followed by transvaginal Doppler ultrasound. Their definitive histopathological examination was the gold standard for comparison.ResultsThe UtA Doppler indices, including resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and peak systolic velocity (PSV), were significantly lower in the malignant group than in the benign group. The threshold values of the UtA, RI ≤0.73 and PI ≤1.42, were found with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.85-0.88, and the sensitivity and specificity were 91.3% and 83.3%, respectively. Unlike PSV, the diagnostic value was the lowest, with an AUC of 0.72. ET was a good predictor for the diagnosis of EC, with an AUC of 0.89. In women with PMB, when using the cutoff value of EC more than 12.5 mm, the sensitivity and specificity were 93.8% and 77.8%, respectively. In addition, the higher the stage of EC, the lower the RI and PI and the greater the EC.ConclusionET, and RI, PI, and PSV of the UtA could help in differentiating malignant from benign endometrial changes. Pulsed ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry seems to play a role in predicting the higher stages of EC. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
An Evaluation of the Relationship Smarts Plus Program on Adolescents in Georgia
Authors: Futris Ted F. , Sutton Tara E. , Richardson Evin W.
Published: April 2022

The present study examines the impact of Relationship Smarts Plus among 1,657 adolescents age 12-18 across 25 Georgia counties. The program, aimed at increasing awareness about healthy versus unhealthy relationships and promoting smart dating strategies and the application of healthy communication and conflict resolution skills, was offered 54 times by 23 different FCS or 4-H agents during a 53-month period. After each lesson, participants completed a 5-item retrospective pre- and post-test assessing changes in awareness and understanding of the concepts and skills learned. Overall, 949 (57%) youth responded to an overall post-evaluation administered at the conclusion of the program series to document confidence levels in having a healthy relationship, likelihood of using the skills learned, perceived helpfulness of the program, and changes in how youth felt about themselves. On average, youth demonstrated significant increases in knowledge for all lessons and reported positive improvements across all post-evaluation indicators following participation in the program. Implications for future youth-focused outreach programming to promote healthy relationships are shared.
MyPlate, Children, and Lack of Formative Evaluation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Roofe Nina , Bihm Elson
Published: April 2022

Beginning at the critical preschool level, preventing childhood obesity is a multifaceted challenge with health, economic, ethical, and social implications. In particular, increasing emphasis will be placed upon educating children and their caregivers about the USDA’s MyPlate model of good nutrition. To date, evidence-based efforts to teach preschool children nutrition facts and appropriate behaviors are limited, and developers of evidence-based practices do not appear to use formative-evaluation to an adequate extent. Crucial among these evaluations is assessing what the preschool child already knows about the MyPlate components (fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy). University researchers along with graduate students in nutrition and psychology conducted a review of current research regarding the use of MyPlate in early childhood education settings. Minimal empirical studies were found, indicating a need to expand the literature in the areas of MyPlate, early childhood nutrition education, and formative evaluation. In the current article, authors present the systematic review process of the scant knowledge that exists regarding formative evaluation research to document what preschool-age children already know about nutrition, suggest ways that this research base might be expanded, and advocate for the increased use of formative evaluation in both research and curriculum development.
Identifying Best Practices for Engaging Faculty in International Agricultural Education Experiences
Authors: Lamm Alexa J. , Roberts T. Grady , Harder Amy , Stedman Nicole , Hartman Marta
Published: April 2022

Universities are being called upon to internationalize curriculum as the need for a globally competent workforce increases. Without globally-competent faculty, international integration within higher education cannot occur. Literature indicates that participation in short-term international agricultural education experiences is important to increasing agricultural faculty members’ cultural awareness. However, the best way to design and implement such experiences for faculty is uncharted. The purpose of the study was to identify best practices for facilitating a short-term international agricultural education experience for faculty in the agricultural and life sciences that encouraged learning, discussion, and reflection leading faculty to further integrate international perspectives in their agricultural courses in the U.S. Through a qualitative research design, reflective observations and statements from a planning team conducting a shortterm international agricultural education experience in Ecuador were used to provide a thick, rich description of the successes/challenges faced while designing and implementing the experience. The results provided a list of best practices future planning team members can use to emphasize learning before, during, and after a short-term international agricultural education experience for faculty.
Formulation of value added chicken meatballs by addition of Centella leaf (Centella asiatica) extracts
Authors: R Akter  , MA Hossain  , M Khan  , MM Rahman  , MAK Azad  , MA Hashem
Published: April 2022

The study was conducted to find out the effect of different levels of Centella (Thankuni) leaf (Centella asiatica) extracts on chicken meatballs. Chicken meatballs sample were divided into four different treatments viz. 0, 1, 2 and 3% Centella leaf extracts group as T0 , T1 , T2 and T3, respectively. Days of intervals were 0, 15, 30 and 45 days. A 4×4 factorial experiment in completely randomized design having three replications per treatment was used for data analyses. Samples were preserved at -20˚C for 45 days. Sensory, proximate, physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological analyses were determined. Color, flavor, tenderness, Juiciness and overall acceptability were increased at different treatment levels significantly (p<0.001). DM content decreased (51.19 to 47.78%) significantly (p<0.001) at different treatment levels. On the contrary, DM content increased (47.39 to 51.53%) significantly (p<0.001) with the days of intervals. The EE decreased (10.75 to 9.09%) significantly (p<0.001) at different treatment level. The CP (19.05 to 20.46%) and Ash content (2.07 to 2.18%) at different treatment levels increased significantly (p<0.05). Ultimate pH (6.03 to 6.12) was increased at different treatment levels significantly (p<0.001). The cooking loss (26.30 to 23.62%) was decreased significantly (p<0.001) with the advancement of days of intervals. The FFA (0.36 to 0.28%), POV (3.33 to 2.76) and TBARS values (0.29 to 0.23) were decreased significantly (p<0.001) at different treatment levels. The TVC (5.05 to 4.39), TCC (1.10 to 1.01), and TYMC (1.34 to 1.10) decreased significantly (p<0.05) at different treatment levels. On the basis of sensory attributes, proximate, physicochemical traits, biochemical and microbial analysis showed that 3% Centella leaf extracts can be recommended for formulation of value added chicken meatballs.
PEMANFAATAN E-COMMERCE DAN MEDIA SOSIAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMASARAN PRODUK USAHA AZZAHRA CRAFT DI DESA PUTY KECAMATAN BUA
Authors: Daming Ahmad Syukur , Arnama I Nyoman
Published: April 2022

This community service activity is carried out by involving one partner, namely Azzahra Craft's home-based business. This service partner is located in Puty Village, Bua District, Luwu Regency and the business carried out is engaged in handicrafts, namely making hijab brooches on a small scale or at home. However, the media used in product marketing only uses the Whatsapp application and posts on Facebook so that product marketing is not optimal which causes its reach to only be within the scope of friends and family. The purpose of implementing this community service activity is the use of E-Commerce in Indonesia such as Shopee and Tokopedia as well as social media such as Instagram so as to increase the reach of product marketing to be wider. The method used in this activity is a participatory method, mentoring and training. The results obtained from the implementation of this community service activity are that training in the use of E-Commerce and social media can increase the motivation and knowledge of partners in marketing their products so that their turnover and income can increase.
Developing local hospitals for public health excellence
Authors:   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand, Thienthong Kanisorn , Rugchatjaroen Krish ,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand, Sirisunhirun Somboon ,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand, Amornsiriphong Somsak ,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand, Natrujirote Waruesporn ,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand, Suttawet Chokchai ,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University, Thailand
Published: April 2022

The current study investigated the factors affecting the success of local hospital operations in promoting public health excellence in Thailand. A mixed method approach with focus groups and questionnaires was utilized. The study also depended on descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analysis. According to the findings, public health providers agreed that the main factors leading to the success of local hospital operations were participation with people in the community, respect, and policy development. Other aspects included the use of devices, tools, medicine or medical supplies, training, and project organization. Meanwhile, the service recipients held the view that any suggestion of information, knowledge, or capability of personnel has an influence on operational guidelines. However, success at higher levels must rely on two things: 1) the location of a local hospital and 2) analysis of the guidelines for developing the services of local hospitals for promoting public health in the future. The study also relied on content analysis. According to the findings, appropriate operating guidelines for local hospitals would comprise policy development for promoting public health, participation by people in the community, and public services by the hospital, including training to increase the potential of personnel and project organization involving health promotion.
The militarization of Russian polar politics
Authors: Boulègue Mathieu
Published: April 2022

Russia’s policies for the polar regions overlap and are increasingly becoming militarized, as the perception of threats to Russian national interests grows. This has direct consequences for other polar nations and for NATO and its allies. In the Arctic, a fear of encirclement by NATO and its allies informs this posture – heightened by worsening relations with the West over Russia’s renewed war against Ukraine and potential NATO expansion. Another key Russian goal is to secure control over the Northern Sea Route, amid increased human activity prompted by climate change. In Antarctica, Russia perceives a need to protect its national interests against other state parties to the Antarctic Treaty System. This paper details the reasons behind Russia’s militarized postures in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. It assesses the North and South Poles as potential theatres for military activity and geopolitical confrontation, and recommends ways to mitigate risks for the US, NATO and their allies.
Intraoperative Carotid Artery Injuries. Review of the
literature, analysis of the material of one centre
Authors: Wolf Barbara , Czajkowska Magda , Dorobisz Andrzej
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Injuries of the carotid artery constitute a rare group of injuries. This study presents results of the treatment of 44 patients with iatrogenic carotid artery injuries for over 20 years. The patients were treated by the team of doctors of the Department of Vascular, General and Transplant Surgery in Wroclaw in the years 1997–2017 (Head of the Department Prof. Klemens Skóra, MD, and Prof. Piotr Szyber, MD, PhD – material used with permission).

Aim: Aims of the analysis are: to estimate the frequency of different forms of iatrogenic injuries to the common and internal carotid artery, to evaluate the results of treatment, to assess the most effective surgical method depending on the type of injury, and develop an effective preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative regimen.

Discussion and results: The frequency of various carotid artery injuries (blunt, acute, traffic) was constant between years, but the number of iatrogenic injuries definitely increased over time. The prognosis for patients with carotid artery injury, especially when combined with multi-organ trauma, is the gravest. Significantly better treatment results were achieved with both acute and iatrogenic injuries. This is mainly due to easier and quicker diagnosis and better conditions for assisting patients.

Conclusions: In iatrogenic injuries, a well-designed surgical scheme, i.e. primarily the administration of UTH and placing a temporary suction drain by the first operating team, reduces the risk of neurological complications.
Prehabilitation – Current Role in Surgery
Authors: Jeske Pamela , Wojtera Bartosz , Banasiewicz Tomasz
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Prehabilitation entails preoperative activities designed to properly prepare a patient to undergo surgery and to improve their postoperative recovery. It follows an interdisciplinary approach by improving physical fitness and nourishment status, using mental training and encouraging them to quit addictions.

 Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the recent publications in the field of prehabilitation.

  Methods: We performed a systematic review in the PubMed database using the search term “preopreative OR before surgery, postoperative OR after surgery, prehabilitation”. The inclusion criteria were studies with a minimum population of 50 patients, including preoperative interventions, defined with a word prehabilitation, and describing their impact on the postoperative course of the patients. A total of 373 records were returned and 13 studies were finally included in the analysis.

  Results: According to the selected studies, prehabilitation significantly improves postoperative complication rate, length of hospital stay, postoperative physical activity, treatment costs, perioperative transfusion rate, antibiotic administration, and patients’ adherence to postoperative recommendations. On the other hand, no statistically significant impact was found for prehabilitation on quality of life, psychological condition, readmission rate, or reoperations.

 Discussion: Prehabilitation promotes the development of multimodal care, putting the patient’s well-being in the center. Numerous studies have indicated positive results from prehabilitation programs. The final results depend on the prehabilitation protocol, the group of patients, and the standard of care of the center.

 Conclusion: Prehabilitation is necessary to provide the highest quality of care for a surgical patient. An interdisciplinary approach benefits the patient during the operation as well as in the postoperative period. Every surgical clinic should be aware of the concept of prehabilitation and should possibly create their own programs.
Visitor segmentation in a mountain national park: the case of Karkonosze National Park in Poland
Authors: Rogowski Mateusz
Published: April 2022

As the number of people visiting national parks in Poland is constantly growing, it is important to recognise their varying motivations and preferences. This is particularly important in the most popular national parks, such as the National Park in the Karkonosze Mountains (KNP). KNP is visited by two millions tourists annually, which makes it the second most popular national park in Poland. The aim of study was to classify visitors of the national park in terms of their motivation to visit. Three main categories of visitors were identified: leisure seekers, nature lovers and active tourists. The category of leisure seekers was the largest and most diverse with respect to their preferences. Nature lovers knew a lot about the park, especially as regards its geodiversity and its fauna and flora. The number of active visitors keeps growing every year. Active tourism, especially in the KPN, requires advanced equipment and good physical fitness. The findings of the study tourism trends in mountain national parks and can provide insights for its management. The article ends with some predictions regarding future trends and changes in the classification of KPN visitors after the pandemic.
Characteristics of urban organisers and their outdoor creative recreation in Łódź
Authors: Mroczek-Żulicka Aleksandra
Published: April 2022

The concept of creative recreation is currently gaining a new meaning. The author proposes expanding the meaning of recreation to include creative recreation by drawing on insights from psycho-pedagogical theories of creativity. Nowadays creative recreation is also being explored more broadly in the context of urban space, as exemplified by workshops during which participants try to create urban space. The phenomenon of creative recreation in urban space is therefore an interesting subject for research, especially with a view to identifying factors that determine where creative activity is organised. The main research question addressed in this article is who and why organises outdoor creative recreation in urban recreational space? The study focuses on Łódź, a UNESCO Creative City of Film, which is analysed as an example of a city promoting itself as a creative urban centre. The author analyses results of interviews with experts and organisers of outdoor creative recreation, which show the latter ones as open-minded, engaged, and passionate. Other important characteristics revealed by the interviewees include cooperation with others, attempts to look for new ways of organising leisure time and new forms of mutual promotion. The organisers of outdoor creative recreation also expressed their strong attachment their city.
Effect of propolis supplementation and breed on growth performance, immunity, blood parameters and cecal microbiota in growing rabbits
Authors: Al-Homidan Ibrahim , Fathi Moataz , Abdelsalam Magdy , Ebeid Tarek , Abou-Emera Osama , Mostafa Mohamed , El-Razik Mohamed Abd , Shehab-El-Deen Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of dietary supplemented propolis in two growing rabbit breeds on growth performance, immune response, blood parameters, carcass characteristics, and cecal microflora composition.Methods: A total of 90 growing rabbits aged 6 weeks from two breeds (V-line and Jabali) were randomly allocated to 3 dietary propolis experimental treatments. The experimental treatments consisted of a 2×3 factorial arrangement with two rabbit breeds and three levels of dietary propolis supplementation (0, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg). Each sub-treatment has 15 rabbits. The experimental period lasted six weeks.Results: There were no significant differences in growth performance and carcass characteristics due to propolis administration. Propolis supplementation at a high level significantly increased (linear; p<0.05) cellular-mediated immunity compared with the unsupplemented group. Furthermore, the rabbits receiving propolis exhibited a significant increase (linear and quadratic; p<0.03) in IgM immunoglobulins compared to the control. The current study provides further evidence that the dietary inclusion of propolis can significantly reduce pathogenic bacterial colonization in growing rabbits. The total count of microflora, E. coli, and Salmonella spp. was significantly lower (linear; p<0.01) in supplemented rabbit groups compared to the control group according to the microbiological analysis of cecal digesta. Based on breed effect, the results indicated that Jabali rabbits (local) performed better than V-line rabbits (foreign) in the majority of the studied traits.Conclusion: Dietary propolis is promising for further investigation into improving intestinal health and enhancing immunity in growing rabbits.
Effects of dietary methyl sulfonyl methane and selenium on laying performance, egg quality, gut health indicators, and antioxidant capacity of laying hens
Authors: Kim Yoo Bhin , Lee Sang Hyeok , Kim Da-Hye , Lee Kyung-Woo
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study investigated the effects of dietary methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) and selenium (Se) on the laying performance, egg quality, gut health indicators, egg yolk Se content, and antioxidant markers in laying hens.Methods: One hundred ninety-two 73-wk-old laying hens were randomly divided into four groups with eight replicates of six hens each. Four diets were prepared in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with or without MSM and Se. The trial lasted for 12 wk.Results: There were no interaction effects or main effects (p>0.05) on laying performance and egg quality. However, feed intake increased in Se-fed hens (p = 0.051) and decreased in MSM-fed hens (p = 0.067) compared with that of hens in the control group. Dietary MSM increased (p<0.05) the ileal villus height and villus height:crypt ratio in hens compared with those receiving the non-supplemented control diet. Dietary MSM and Se did not affect the percentage of short-chain fatty acids in the ileal contents. Dietary Se enriched the Se content in egg yolk compared with that of the non-supplemented control diet (p<0.05). Dietary Se increased (p<0.05) glutathione peroxidase levels in the liver and serum samples compared to the control diet. The total antioxidant capacity in the liver increased (p<0.05) in laying hens that were fed MSM-supplemented diets than in hens fed the control diet. Dietary MSM significantly increased the relative superoxide dismutase levels in serum samples (p<0.05).Conclusion: Supplementation with either MSM or Se independently improved the antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Furthermore, dietary Se produced Se-enriched eggs, but this effect was neither additive nor synergistic with dietary MSM.
Schuldnerberatung für die Soziale Arbeit
Authors: Homann Carsten , Poppe Malte
Published: April 2022

Social debt counselling is a field of social work. The task of social debt counselling is to secure the client's livelihood, intervene in crises and stabilise the client’s financial and personal situation, as well as the joint development and implementation of sustainable solution strategies. This requires a sound knowledge of the theories and methods of social work as well as of the relevant legal regulations in this regard and finance.

This textbook primarily serves students and young professionals as tailor-made and specific introductory literature, both in specialised debtor and insolvency counselling as well as integrated debtor counselling in criminal, addiction or homeless assistance, and other occupational fields of social work.

In addition to imparting legally sound knowledge, it focuses on embedding and applying this knowledge in a counselling context. From a counsellor’s first contact with a client up to a technically good conclusion, it presents the basics of, procedures involved in and opportunities offered by social debt counselling.
Fairness im Völkerstrafverfahren
Authors: Krüger Helena
Published: April 2022

The first part of the thesis lays down the foundations and development of international criminal law. In the second and third parts, an analysis of current national international criminal proceedings, in particular returnee proceedings, is presented. Returnee cases pose considerable difficulties for a criminal procedure system traditionally and conceptually oriented towards national facts. For the defence, an independent clarification of the facts on the ground is not possible. Procedural rights are severely restricted due to "dusty" regulations, such as section 148 (2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (StPO) or the regulations on the barring of contact in sections 31 ff. EGGVG. Furthermore it is examined how according to Article 6 ECHR and the corresponding case law of the ECtHR, the current VStGB-proceedings can meet the Court's strict requirements for procedural fairness and equality of arms. The thesis aims to offer answers for various practical case constellations in future trials under the VStGB.