bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGENALAN ANGKA ANAK MELALUI MEDIA BALOK WARNA DI RA NURUL UMMAH
Authors: Ni’mah Roudlotun , Muntamah Siti
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the implementation of the introduction of children's numbers through beam media at RA Nurul Ummah Kenep Balen, Bojonegoro Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data was collected by using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques include the method of induction and descriptive/interpretive analysis, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, checking the validity of the research by extending the participation of researchers, triangulation techniques. The results showed that the introduction of children's numbers through the media of color blocks can increase the knowledge of numbers for children, and for teachers it is easier for students to understand numbers. The supporting factors are the existence of a program that has become a mandatory activity set by the school as one of the subjects, the support from the school to provide educational learning facilities in the form of color blocks, the ability of active and creative teachers to use media facilities, while the inhibiting factors are students who still cannot distinguish the color of the blocks, students are late when entering. Efforts to recognize numbers that need to be done are careful preparation for teachers before doing learning, both learning administration, teaching preparation, and learning media, especially in counting using color block media, and the presence of complementary media from color block media.
PENGARUH APE BOWLING HURUF HIJAIYYAH TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL HURUF HIJAIYYAH ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Labiba Kusna Siti , Shalikah Maratus
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the bowling hijaiyyah educational game tool on the ability to recognize hijaiyyah letters for children aged 4-5 years at RA Al-Makmur Mayangrejo, Kalitidu District, Bojonegoro. This research uses quantitative research with an experimental approach. The subjects in this study were all 15 children of group A in RA Al-Makmur. Data was collected by using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique in this study was statistical tests and described the data. The results of research and hypothesis testing have shown that the achievement of children's development in recognizing hijaiyyah letters has increased, so that the hijaiyyah bowling educational game tool has an effect on better cognitive development, namely children are able to recognize hijaiyyah letters. Descriptive analysis obtained from the results of the Wilcoxon sign test can be seen that the Asymp value. Sig. <0.05, so it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. So, there is a significant influence on the development of the ability to recognize hijaiyyah letters between before and after the use of the hijaiyyah bowling educational game tool. This increase shows that the bowling hijaiyyah educational game tool affects the ability to recognize hijaiyyah letters for children aged 4-5 years.
EFEKTIVITAS METODE PEMBELAJARAN BEYOND CENTERS AND CIRCLE TIME UNTUK PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Hayati Nurul , Da’watul Choiro Umu
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the development of aspects of child development through the central learning method. With the formulation of the research problem, How is the implementation of BCCT learning in Early Childhood Development at RA Muslimat NU 05 Jenu, what are the aspects of early childhood development in the implementation of learning with the BCCT approach at RA Muslimat NU 05 Jenu, How is the effectiveness of the implementation of the BBCT learning method in child development Early Age at RA Muslimat NU 05 Jenu?. This study uses a qualitative method, with a descriptive type of approach. With data sources from Principals, Teachers, and Students of group B RA Muslimat NU 05 Jenu, the results of this study are RA Muslimat NU 05 Jenu developed 4 centers namely, Preparation Center, Imtaq Center, Art Center, Cooking Center, with stages, Environmental Footing Play, Foothold Before Play, Foothold During Play, and Foothold After Play which develops 6 aspects of development, namely, the development of religious and moral values, cognitive, physical motor, social emotional, language, art. This research concludes with the average result of Developing According to Expectations in children's development which is considered a good and effective learning method.
Pengaruh Total Operating Expenses Dan Income Tax Expense Terhadap Net Income For The Year
Authors: Saila Sofiah Gina , Janwari Yadi , Widiawati Widiawati , Suci Asih Vemy
Published: January 2022

The company's performance is based on how much profit it generates. The profit generated by the company can not be separated from operational costs and taxes that must be spent. Therefore, operating costs and income tax are considered as expenses in the company that can reduce net profit. This study aims to find out the effect of Total Operating Expenses and Income Tax Expense on Net Income For The Year of PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakasa Tbk. The method used is descriptive method with quantitative approach using statistical method to test hypotheses. The results showed that Total Operating Expenses partially negatively had no significant effect on Net Income For The Year, with a contribution of 13.4%. Income Tax Expense partially positively had a significant effect on Net Income For The Year, with a contribution of 72.7%. Total Operating Expenses and Income Tax Expense simultaneously had a significant effect on Net Income For The Year, with a contribution of 72.7% .
Penambahan Massa Ke Sistem Untuk Mengurangi Vibrasi Pada Motor Separator 562-SR1
Authors: Pratama Moch. Fitra Bagus , Tjahyono Seto , Nugroho Wisda
Published: January 2022

Equipment VRM merupakan suatu peralatan yang berfungsi sebagai penggiling semen dengan tipe vertikal, dimana metode penggilingan menggunakan roller dan table dengan tekanan tinggi serta terinstalasi separator didalamnnya untuk proses separasi. Dalam pengoperasian VRM selama ini, sering terjadi stop yang dikarenakan vibrasi maksimum pada motor separator. Timbulnya permasalahan ini mengakibatkan terganggunya target produksi di PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tuban Plant serta mengakibatkan kerugian finansial bagi perusahaan. Berdasarkan analisa vibrasi yang telah dilakukan, penyebab utama dari vibrasi berlebih pada motor separator adalah resonansi. Dalam kasus ini penulis melakukan penambahan massa seberat 5 ton ke struktur separator dengan harapan frekuensi natural dari struktur separator dapat berkurang. Hasilnya penambahan massa berhasil mengurangi vibrasi pada motor separator dan mengurangi intensitas stop cement mill
Approaches for Studying the Interaction of Geminiviruses with Their Whitefly Vector Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Antignus Yehezkiel , Hiebert Ernest , Cohen Shlomo , Webb Susan
Published: January 2022

The DNA of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCB) was detected in its whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci, by dot spot hybridization as early as 1 h after acquisition access. The retention of the virus nucleic acid in the vector was at least 23 days after a 48 h acquisition access. However, the retention of TYLCV coat protein did not exceed 10 days. No replicative forms of TYLCV could be detected in B. tabaci, indicating a non-propagative relationship with the vector. Whiteflies were not able to accumulate naked virion ssDNA, virus cloned dsDNA, or virions with impaired coat protein. Deletion, frameshift, and single amino acid mutations were inserted into open reading frames (ORFs) V1 and V2 (Coat protein) of TYLCV. The ability of these mutants to replicate, to spread and to induce symptoms was tested both in leaf disks and in intact plants. No replication was found in tissues that were infected with a deletion mutant that lacked the carboxy half of the coat protein gene. Residual amounts of ssDNA and dsDNA were detected i tissues infected with a frameshift mutant in which an early termination at the extreme part of the protein. Two other mutants in which a single amino acid was changed in the overlapping part of V1 and V2 were able to spread systemically but infections remained symptomless and the production of ssDNA and dsDNA were significantly lower. These mutants were acquired and transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. Procedures for the the dissection, fixation and embedding of whiteflies were developed. The anatomy and ultrastructure of the salivary gland and the midgut of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (a vector and non-vector of geminiviruses respectively) was studied and described. Monoclonal antibodies against bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) with narrow and broad spectrum were prepared. Transmission studies of tomato mottle geminivirus (TMoV) by B. tabaci were carried out. These studies were essential for a further work aimed to understand the interaction of geminiviruses with the insect and their localization in its tissues. To enable the production of transgenic plants procedures were developed for tomato transformation with both Agrobacterium and microparticle bombardment.
Intergenerational Transfers by Farmers under Different Institutional Environments
Authors: Kislev Yoav , Lopez Ramon , Kimhi Ayal
Published: January 2022

This research studies the issues of intergenerational transfers in general and farm succession in particular in two different institutional environments. One is the relatively unregulated farm sector in the United States, and the other is the heavily regulated family farms in Israeli moshavim. Most of the analysis is based on modern economic theory dealing with inheritance and other intergenerational issues. However, we start with two background studies. One is a review of the legal system affecting farm succession in the moshav, which, as we claim throughout the report, is of major importance to the question in hand. The second is an ethnographical study aimed at documenting various inheritance and succession practices in different moshavim. These two studies provide insight for most of the economic studies included here. The theoretical studies mostly deal with various aspects of two major decisions faced by farmers: who will succeed them on the farm, and when will succession take place. The first decision clearly depends on the institutional structure: for instance, Israeli farmers are limited to one successor while American farmers are not. The second decision can be taken in three stages: sharing farm work with the successor, sharing farm management, and eventually transferring the ownership. The occurrence and length of each stage depend on the first decision as well as on the institutional structure directly. The empirical studies are aimed at analyzing the practices and considerations of Israeli and American farmers regarding various intergenerational transfers-related issues. We found that American farmers' decisions are mainly driven by the desire to let the farm prosper in future generations and by a preference for equal treatment of heirs, and not at all by old-age support considerations. In contrast, we demonstrate the significant effect of old-age support on the value of the transferred farm in a sample of Israeli farms. Using Israeli census data, we find that the time of farm ownership transfer responds to economic incentives. A smaller Israeli panel data set shows that controlling for the occurrence of succession, farm size rises with operator's age and eventually falls, while intensity of production seems to decline steadily. This explains another finding, that farm transfer contributed significantly to farm growth when farming was attractive to successors. This finding supports our main conclusion, that the succession decisions are of major importance to the viability and profitability of family farms over the long run.
Detection and Mapping of Genes Affecting Traits of Economic Importance in Dairy Cattle with the Aid of Molecular Genetic Markers
Authors: Weller Joel , Lewin Harris , Ron Micha , Wiggans George
Published: January 2022

Forty-seven poly-TG microsatellites were developed at the U of IL, and 11 genetic markers were developed at ARO, nine of which were poly-AGC microsatellites. Markers were typed on the reference families of CSIRO, Australia; GRANADA, Texas; and IRRF, Illinois, for chromosome assignment and linkage mapping. Nine North American al organizations contributed semen to the Dairy Bull DNA Repository (DBDR), which currently has 65,743 units from 3366 bulls. Semen was obtained for 31 out of 35 grandsires. Semen of 28 and 23 sons of two Israeli bulls was also collected. Eighteen grandsires were genotyped for 75 microsatellites. One thousand, three hundred and sixty-two sons with evaluation from 17 families were genotyped for 24 markers. Eleven thousand, six hundred and twenty sons genotypes were determined, of which 8,802 were informative. The genotype data was matched to the bulls' daughter yield deviations (DYD) for seven traits; milk, fat, and protein production; fat and protein percent; somatic cell concentration (SCS); and productive herd life. Seven loci had significant effects at p<0.05, but only two loci, TGLA263 and MGTG7, had significant effects at p<0.01, and the effect of TGLA263 on fat percentage was significant at p<0.0001. There was at least one significant effect for each of the seven traits analyzed.
Sucrose Metabolism in Developing Fruit of Wild and Cultivated Lycopersicon Species
Authors: Bennett Alan , Schaffer Arthur
Published: January 2022

The project focused on a strategy to enhance tomato fruit soluble solids by evaluating components of carbohydrate metabolism in fruit of wild tomato species that accumulate sucrose rather than hexose and have extremely high soluble sugar contents. The overall goal was to determine the extent to which sucrose accumulation contributes to elevated soluble solids levels and to understand the underlying genetic and biochemical basis of the trait. The research objectives were to evaluate near isogenic L. esculentum lines segregating for sucrose- and hexose-accumulation, determine the biochemical basis of sucrose accumulation and develop molecular genetic strategies to enhance sucrose accumulation in fruit. The inheritance of the sucrose accumulation gene (sucr) was evaluated in both L. chmielewskii and L. hirsutum and shown to be conferred by a single recessive gene in each species. Stable L. esculentum lines homozygous for the sucr gene from L. chmieliewskii and L. hirsutum were well characterized on a genetic and physiological basis and have been introduced into breeding programs to modify fruit sugar composition. The metabolic basis of sucrose accumulation was determined to result from the lack of sucrose hydrolytic capacity. The invertase gene was cloned and its analysis indicated that it is transcriptionally silent in sucrose-accumulating fruit. Transgenic plants expressing an antisense invertase gene were produced and shown to accumulate high levels of sucrose, confirming the role of invertase as the primary determinant of sucrose accumulation and demonstrating the feasibility of a general strategy to genetically engineer sugar composition.
Host Adaptation in Entomopathogenic Nematodes: An Approach to Enhancing Biological Control Potential
Authors: Glazer Itamar , Gaugler Randy , Spiegel Yitzhak , Lewis Edwin
Published: January 2022

The overall objective of our research was to develop methods to match species of entomopathogenic nematodes against the insect pests which they would be best adapted to control. The underlying hypothesis for this work was that entomopathogenic nematodes should be most effective when used against insect species to which they are naturally adapted to parasitize. Toward this end, we undertook a number of related studies focusing primarily on nematode foraging strategies. We found that foraging strategies affected host associations directly and indirectly. Nematodes' responses to host cues, and the role of their sensory organs based on lectin binding, led to new approaches to determining host range for these parasites. Based on this work, we developed a laboratory bioassay of host recognition behavior designed to predict field results. We also determined that nematodes that forage in a stationary manner (ambushers) have a slower metabolic rate than do active forgers (cruisers), thus their infective stage juveniles are longer lived. This study helps predict the duration of field activity after application and may partially explain field distributions of natural populations of entomopathogenic nematodes. The common thread linking all of these studies was that they led to a deeper understanding of the associations between entomopathogenic nematodes and insects as hosts.
The Relations between Cell Division and Cell Type Specification in Floral and Vegetative Meristems of Tomato and Arabidopsis
Authors: Lifschitz Eliezer , Meyerowitz Elliot
Published: January 2022

Meristems were the central issue of our project. Genes that are required for cell division, cell elongation, cell proliferation and cell fate were studied in the tomato system. The analysis of the dUTPase and threonine deaminase genes, along with the dissection of their regulatory regions is completed, while that of the RNR2 and PPO genes is at an advanced stage. All these genes were isolated in our laboratory. In addition, 8 different MADS box genes were studied in transgenic plants and their genetic relevances discovered. We have also shown that a given MADS box gene can modify the polarity of cell division without affecting the fate of the organ. In vivo interaction between two MADS box genes was demonstrated and the functional dependency of the tomato agamous gene on the TM5 gene product established. We have exploited the Knotted1 meristematic gene in conjunction with tomato leaf meristematic genes to show that simple and compound leaves and, for that matter, sepals and compound leaves, are formed by two different developmental programs. In this context we have also isolated and characterized the tomato Knotted1 gene (TKnl) and studied its expression pattern. A new program in which eight different meristematic genes in tomato will be studied emerged as a result of these studies. In essence, we have shown that it is possible to study and manipulate plant developmental systems using reverse genetic techniques and have provided a wealth of new molecular tools to interested colleagues working with tomato. Similarly, genes responsible for cell division, cell proliferation and cell fate were studied in Arabidopsis floral meristems. Among these genes are the TSO1, TSO2, HANABA TARANU and UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS genes, each affecting in its own way the number of pattern of cell divisions, and cell fate, in developing Arabodopsis flowers. In addition, new methods have been established for the assessment of the function of regulatory gene action in the different clonal layers of developing floral meristems.
Biochemical Markers for Disease Resistance in Corn
Authors: Nicholson Ralph , Reuveni Reuven , Shimoni Moshe
Published: January 2022

The objective was to screen maize lines for their ability to express resistance based on biochemical traits. Cultivars were screened for retention of the hydroxamic acid DIMBOA and the synthesis of phenols (based on anthocyanin production) as markers for resistance. Lines were selected and inoculated with fungal pathogens (Exserohilum turcicum, Puccinia sorghi, Cochliobolus heterostraphus, Colletotricum graminicola.), and the Maize Dwarf Mosaic and Johnson Grass Mosaic viruses. Lines were screened in the field and greenhouse. Results showed that lines selected for augmented phenol synthesis do exhibit heightened levels of resistance to fungal pathogens. Isolation of mRNA followed by northern analyses for expression of A1 (dihydroflavanol reductase) and peroxidase confirmed that genes for these enzymes were turned on in response to inoculation of lines predicted to exhibit resistance. Peroxidase and b-1,3-glucanase were assayed in breeding lines having or lacking the se gene. A specific ionically-bound peroxidase isozyme and a b-1,3-glucanase isozyme were revealed in lines having the se gene. Data suggest that peroxidase and b-1,3-glucanase isozymes, may be considered as markers to identify resistance to E. turcicum in maize genotypes with the se gene.
Effect of Soil Properties and Water Quality on Concentrated Flow Erosion (Rills, Ephermal Gullies and Pipes)
Authors: Bradford Joe , Shainberg Itzhak , Norton Lloyd
Published: January 2022

Concentrated flow erosion in rills, pipes, ephermal gullies, and gullies is a major contributor of downstream sedimentation. When rill or gullies form in a landscape, a 3- to 5-fold increase in soil loss commonly occurs. The balance between the erosive power of the flow and the erosion resistance of the bed material determines the rate of concentrated flow erosion. The resistance of the bed material to detachment depends primarily on the magnitude of the interparticle forces or cohesion holding the particles and aggregates together. The effect of soil properties on bed material resistance and concentrated flow erosion was evaluated both in the laboratory and field. Both rill erodibility and critical hydraulic shear were greater when measured in 9.0 m long rills under field conditions compared with laboratory mini-flumes. A greater hydraulic shear was required to initiate erosion in the field compared to the mini-flume because of the greater aggregate and clod size and stability. Once erosion was initiated, however, the rate of erosion as a function of hydraulic shear was greater under field conditions because of the greater potential for slaking upon wetting and the greater soil surface area exposed to hydraulic shear. Erosion tests under controlled laboratory conditions with the mini-flume allowed individual soil variables to be studied. Attempts to relate rill erosion to a group soil properties had limited success. When individual soil properties were isolated and studied separately or grouped separately, some trends were identified. For example, the effect of organic carbon on rill erodibility was high in kaolinitic soils, low in smectitic soils, and intermediate in the soils dominated by illite. Slow prewetting and aging increased the cohesion forces between soil particles and decreased rill erodibility. Quick prewetting increased aggregate slaking and increased erodibility. The magnitude of the effect of aging depended upon soil type. The effect of clay mineralogy was evaluated on sand/clay mixtures with montmorillonite (M), Illite (I), and kaolinite (K) clays. Montmorillonite/sand mixtures were much less erodible than either illite or kaolonite sand mixtures. Na-I and Na-K sand mixtures were more erodible than Ca-I and Ca-K due to increased strength from ionic bonding and suppression of repulsive charges by Ca. Na-M was less erodiblethan Ca-M due to increased surface resulting from the accessibility of internal surfaces due to Na saturation. Erodibility decreased when salt concentration was high enough to cause flocculation. This occurred between 0.001 mole L-1 and 0.01 mole L-1. Measuring rill erodibility in mini-flumes enables the measurement of cohesive forces between particles and enhances our ability to learn more about cohesive forces resisting soil detachment under concentrated water flow.
Involvement of Epicatechin in the Regulation of Natural Resistance of Avocado Fruit against Postharvest Pathogens
Authors: Prusky Dov , Keen Noel , Christoffersen Rolf
Published: January 2022

In this project it was found that the activation of the mechanism of resistance in avocado fruits to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides depends on the increase of the level of the preformed antifungal diene. This increase is regulated by the synthesis of the flavonoid epicatechin present in the fruit peel. Epicatechin is an inhibitor of the enzyme lipoxygenase whose activity catalyze the breakdown of the antifungal diene. Increase in epicatechin concentration inhibits the breakdown of the antifungal compound and since the compound is continuously synthesized, both combined processes result in the increase of the antifungal level. Biotic and abiotic elicitors affecting the mechanism of resistance, all activate the synthesis of epicatechin. As abiotic elicitors were tested wounding, ethylene and CO2 treatments. As biotic elicitors were tested challenge inoculation with C. gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum magna (a non pathogen of avocado) and also non pathogenic strain of C. magna. In all the cases activation of the key enzymes of the phenylpropanoic pathway is followed by an enhance in the level of epicatechin and the antifungal diene. In order to determine the level of regulation by the different elicitors of the mechanism, the genes encoding for key enzymes of the phenylpropanoic pathway were cloned and it was found that the different elicitors regulate the expression of those genes at a translational level. Modulation of the mechanism of resistance could also be done by activation of lipoxygenase gene expression. For this purpose lipoxygenase from avocado was cloned and its over-expression, under the effect of methyl jasmonate, determined.
Identification of the etiological agent of tilapia disease in the Lake of Galillee
Authors: Bacharach Eran , Lipkin W. Ian , Eldar Avigdor
Published: January 2022

Background to the topic. Tilapines serve as the second most important group of farmed fish worldwide. Massive mortality of wild and cultured tilapia has been observed recently in Israel but the pathogen of this disease has not been identified. We proposed to identify the agent responsible for disease.  Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We characterized the lesions in diseased fish and found that the brain was one of the affected organs. We found conditions to isolate from brains of diseased fish the etiological agent of the tilapia disease and to propagate it in cell culture. This led to the identification of the pathogen as a novel RNA virus, which we named Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV). Electron microscopy of TiLV revealed virion-like particles and ether/chloroform-sensitivity assays demonstrated that TiLV is enveloped. Low passage TiLV, injected intra-peritoneally to tilapia, induced a disease with over 80% mortality. Cohabitation of healthy with diseased fish demonstrated that the disease is contagious, and that mortalities occur within few days. Fish surviving initial mortality were immune to further TiLV infections, suggesting the mounting of protective immune response. Screening cDNA libraries and high throughput sequencing determined the sequence of TiLV genome. This demonstrated that TiLV is indeed a novel virus and allowed the design of a PCRbased diagnostic test.  Implications, both scientific and agricultural. The characterization of a novel, emerging RNA virus that imposes major threat to the tilapia industry, enables the specific identification of the virus in tilapines. This allows prompt screening and surveillance of TiLV, epidemiological studies, and disease containment. This also potentially opens the way for the development of vaccines against TiLV.
The use of aquaculture effluents in spray culture for the production of high protein macroalgae for shrimp aqua-feeds
Authors: Mitchell Brian G. , Neori Amir , Yarish Charles , Davis D. Allen , Samocha Tzachi , Guttman Lior
Published: January 2022

The FAO has projected a doubling in world demand for seafood during the 21 ed from aquaculture of marine fish and shrimps fed primarily on fishmeal-based aquafeeds. However, current practices of high intensity monoculture of shrimp in coastal ponds and fish in offshore pens have been strongly criticized as being ecologically and socially unsustainable. This view derives from un- checked eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems from fish farm effluents, and the destruction of coastal estuarine ecosystems by shrimp farm constructions, plus aquaculture’s reliance on wild-caught small fish - which are excellent food for humans, but instead are rendered into fishmeal and fish oil for formulating aquafeeds. Fishmeal-sparing and waste- reduction aquafeeds can only delay the time when fed aquaculture product are priced out of affordability for most consumers. Additionally, replacement of fishmeal protein and fish oil by terrestrial plant sources such as soybean meal and oil directly raises food costs for human communities in developing nations. New formulations incorporating sustainably-produced marine algal proteins and oils are growing in acceptance as viable and practical alternatives. This BARD collaborative research project investigated a sustainable water-sparing spray/drip culture method for producing high-protein marine macrophyte meals for incorporation into marine shrimp and fish diets. The spray culture work was conducted at laboratory-scale in the USA (UCSD-SIO) using selected Gracilariaand Ulvastrains isolated and supplied by UCONN, and outdoors at pilot-scale in Israel (IOLR-NCM) using local strains of Ulvasp., and nitrogen/phosphorus-enriched fish farm effluent to fertilize the spray cultures and produce seaweed biomass and meals containing up to 27% raw protein (dry weight content). Auburn University (USA) in consultation with TAMUS (USA) used the IOLR meals to formulate diets and conduct marine shrimp feeding trials, which resulted in mixed outcomes, indicating further work was needed to chemically identify and remove anti-nutritional elements present in the IOLR-produced seaweed meals.
Development of Virus Induced Gene Silencing Tools for Functional Genomics in Grapevine
Authors: Mawassi Munir , Meng Baozhong , Stobbs Lorne
Published: January 2022

Grapevine is perhaps the most widely grown fruit crop. To understand the genetic make-up so as to improve the yield and quality of grapes and grape products, researchers in Europe have recently sequenced the genomes of Pinot noir and its inbred. As expected, function of many grape genes is unknown. Functional genomics studies have become the major focus of grape researchers and breeders. Current genetic approaches for gene function studies include mutagenesis, crossing and genetic transformation. However, these approaches are difficult to apply to grapes and takes long periods of time to accomplish. It is thus imperative to seek new ways for grape functional genomics studies. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) offers an attractive alternative for this purpose and has proven highly effective in several herbaceous plant species including tomato, tobacco and barley. VIGS offers several advantages over existing functional genomics approaches. First, it does not require transformation to silence a plant gene target. Instead, it induces silencing of a plant gene through infection with a virus that contains the target gene sequence, which can be accomplished within a few weeks. Second, different plant genes can be readily inserted into the viral genome via molecular cloning and functions of a large number of genes can be identified within a short period of time. Our long-term goal of this research is to develop VIGS-based tools for grapevine functional genomics, made of the genomes of Grapevine virus A (GVA) from Israel and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) from Canada. GVA and GRSPaV are members of the Flexiviridae. Both viruses have single-stranded, positive sense RNA genomes, which makes them easy to manipulate genetically and excellent candidates as VIGS vectors. In our three years research, several major breakthroughs have been made by the research groups involved in this project. We have engineered a cDNA clone of GVA into a binary vector that is infectious upon delivery into plantlets of micropropagated Vitis viniferacv. Prime. We further developed the GVA into an expression vector that successfully capable to silence endogenous genes. We also were able to assemble an infectious full-length cDNA clones of GRSPaV. In the following sections Achievements and Detailed description of the research activities, we are presenting the outcome and results of this research in details.
How temperature stress changes carrot flavor: Elucidating the genetic determinants of undesired taste in carrots
Authors: Ibdah Mwafaq , Tholl Dorothea , Simon Philipp W.
Published: January 2022

Global climate change and warming temperatures represent the greatest future challenge for global food production and quality. In this project, we will define the genetic factors of climate-associated taste deficiencies in carrot. Carrot is considered one of the leading horticultural crops in the world in terms of its nutritional value, health benefits, and unique flavor based on its high content of carotenoids and volatile aroma compounds. In recent years, carrot genotypes of different color with improved nutraceutical attributes have been developed. When exposed to high growth temperatures, carrots develop an undesired harsh and bitter taste caused by the accumulation of terpene metabolites. This taste deficiency represents a quality defect to carrot breeders and large- scale growers and needs to be minimized for successful marketing of carrot crops. Surprisingly, the genetic determinants of bitter and harsh flavor in carrot and their response to temperature stress are not well characterized. We started to elucidate these factors in different carrot cultivars by investigating the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes, which represent the predominant flavor compounds in carrots. Also, up to date we identified and characterized two terpenesynthase enzymes, one of which produces (E)-β- caryophyllene, a major terpene component in carrot root. Both TPSs may contribute to the observed variation in volatile terpene formation.
Systematic analyses of the roles of Solanum Lycopersicum ABA receptors in environmental stress and development
Authors: Mosquna Assaf , Cutler Sean
Published: January 2022

Drought and other abiotic stresses have major negative effects on agricultural productivity. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many responses to environmental stresses and can be used to improve crop performance under stress. ABA levels rise in response to diverse abiotic stresses to coordinate physiological and metabolic responses that help plants survive stressful environments. In all land plants, ABA receptors are responsible for initiating a signaling cascade that leads to stomata closure, growth arrest and large-scale changes in transcript levels required for stress tolerance. We wanted to test the meaning of root derived ABA signaling in drying soil on water balance. To this end we generated transgenic tomato lines in which ABA signaling is initiated by a synthetic agonist- mandipropamid. Initial study using a Series of grafting experiments indicate that that root ABA signaling has no effect on the immediate regulation of stomata aperture. Once concluded, these experiments will enable us to systematically dissect the physiological role of root-shoot interaction in maintaining the water balance in plants and provide new tools for targeted improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
Development of heat-pulse sensors for measuring fluxes of water and solutes under the root zone
Authors: Kamai Tamir , Kluitenberg Gerard , Ben-Gal Alon
Published: January 2022

The objectives defined for this study were to: (1) develop a heat-pulse sensor and a heat-transfer model for leaching measurement, and (2) conduct laboratory study of the sensor and the methodology to estimate leaching flux. In this study we investigated the feasibility for estimating leachate fluxes with a newly designed heat-pulse (HP) sensor, combining water flux density (WFD) with electrical conductivity (EC) measurements in the same sensor. Whereas previous studies used the conventional heat pulse sensor for these measurements, the focus here was to estimate WFD with a robust sensor, appropriate for field settings, having thick-walled large-diameter probes that would minimize their flexing during and after installation and reduce associated errors. The HP method for measuring WFD in one dimension is based on a three-rod arrangement, aligned in the direction of the flow (vertical for leaching). A heat pulse is released from a center rod and the temperature response is monitored with upstream (US) and downstream (DS) rods. Water moving through the soil caries heat with it, causing differences in temperature response at the US and DS locations. Appropriate theory (e.g., Ren et al., 2000) is then used to determine WFD from the differences in temperature response. In this study, we have constructed sensors with large probes and developed numerical and analytical solutions for approximating the measurement. One-dimensional flow experiments were conducted with WFD ranging between 50 and 700 cm per day. A numerical model was developed to mimic the measurements, and also served for the evaluation of the analytical solution. For estimation WFD, and analytical model was developed to approximate heat transfer in this setting. The analytical solution was based on the work of Knight et al. (2012) and Knight et al. (2016), which suggests that the finite properties of the rods can be captured to a large extent by assuming them to be cylindrical perfect conductors. We found that: (1) the sensor is sensitive for measuring WFD in the investigated range, (2) the numerical model well-represents the sensor measurement, and (2) the analytical approximation could be improved by accounting for water and heat flow divergence by the large rods.
Princípios da metodologia lean aplicados em uma linha de manutenção em uma companhia aérea: um estudo de caso da aeronave (helicóptero modelo S-70)
Authors: Almeida Rodrigo Tito de , Machado Marcos André , Macedo Amarildo , Luz Iremar Bezerra da
Published: January 2022

A manutenção de aeronaves e seus componentes é uma atividade complexa e que deve ser exercida por órgãos ou empresas competentes, sempre preocupados com a eficiência dos trabalhos executados, a fim de garantir a segurança da atividade aérea. Como maneira de garantir essa eficiência e elevar a segurança na manutenção, uma série de metodologias vêm sendo desenvolvidas e aplicadas no segmento manutenção aeronáutica. Visando otimizar todos os processos envolvidos na linha de manutenção, foi proposto um sequenciamento das tarefas executadas em uma inspeção periódica da aeronave S-70, helicóptero fabricado pela empresa americana Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, em uma oficina na cidade da Manaus/AM. O desenvolvimento da metodologia proposta iniciou-se em maio/2019, com uma reunião entre os gestores da oficina, encarregados e os desenvolvedores da metodologia, sendo criado um grupo de estudos a fim de identificar todos os processos, delinear uma sequência eficaz para a realização dos cartões de inspeção e estudar maneiras de otimizar a aplicação dos recursos disponíveis na linha de manutenção. Seguindo essa linha, após a fase de planejamento, a metodologia foi aplicada na versão beta na primeira aeronave, onde foi possível compilar, na prática, todos os obstáculos, visando a melhoria do processo. Após os ajustes necessários, o projeto foi novamente aplicado, em outra aeronave, com a correção dos problemas encontrados na inspeção anterior. Com a aplicação da metodologia proposta foi possível melhorar a alocação dos recursos humanos e materiais, bem como otimizar o tempo de inspeção, reduzindo de uma média histórica de sete meses para apenas três meses, superando as expectativas iniciais.
Processo salute-malattia in Amazzonia: fattori ambientali e comparsa di malattie
Authors: Custódio Wenderson Picanço , Chaves Juliana Vitória Rocha Leite , Pantoja Patrícia Trindade , Cárdenas Anneli Mercedes Celis de , Andrade Rosemary Ferreira de , Dapureza Demilto Yamaguchi , Fecury Amanda Alves
Published: January 2022

Introduzione: L’Amazzonia è sempre stata oggetto di numerosi studi incentrati sul suo ambiente, la società e la salute. Domanda guida: Quali fattori ambientali contribuiscono all’emergere di malattie nella regione amazzonica? Obiettivo: Affrontare i principali fattori ambientali che contribuiscono all’emergere di malattie nella regione amazzonica. Metodo: Questa è una revisione della letteratura nei database Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMeD), Biblioteca Virtuale della Salute (BVS) e National Institute of Space Research (INPE). In tutto, 18 articoli sono stati utilizzati nella costruzione dello studio, tutti passati attraverso i criteri di inclusione ed esclusione stabiliti al fine di filtrare solo le riviste con approcci tematici. Risultati: Dal punto di vista epidemiologico, lo spazio amazzonico formato dall’interazione del sistema socio ecologico ha caratteristiche diverse da altre parti del paese. Questa differenza è causata dal fondamento ecologico naturale e dalle sue forme di occupazione e sviluppo. Conclusione: i principali fattori ambientali che contribuiscono all’emergere di malattie nella regione amazzonica sono la deforestazione, la combustione, l’inquinamento dei fiumi, il processo di urbanizzazione e l’agribusiness.
Effect of pH on The Dispersion Property of Sulphur Nanoparticles in Natural Rubber
Authors: Rosli Nur Ameera , Haan Teow Yeit
Published: January 2022

Sulphur nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant research and industry interests, especially in the rubber industry as a vulcanisation agent that is responsible to form cross-links between the rubber chains in the vulcanisation process which will make the natural rubber more flexible and durable. Unfortunately, the main obstacle of direct incorporating sulphur NPs into natural rubber is the agglomeration of sulphur NPs attributed to its high surface energy. The objective of this study is to evaluate the dispersibility and stability of sulphur NPs in natural rubber based on the solution pH 1.5 wt% and 3.0 wt% sulphur NPs were dispersed in natural rubber. The sulphur suspensions were subjected to ultrasonication for 2 minutes in which the pH of homogenised sulphur suspensions was adjusted to the range 6.0-10.0. The results revealed that ultrasonic irradiation was successfully broken the agglomerated rubber particle and produced smaller mean particle size for 1.5 wt% sulphur NPs at pH 8 and 3.0 wt% sulphur NPs at pH 7 with the mean particle size of 366.2 nm and 384.9 nm, respectively. Between both concentrations, natural rubber loaded with 1.5 w% sulphur NPs is a better formulation with better dispersibility of sulphur NPs and smaller mean particle size distribution at pH 8.
Authors: Banul Maria Sriana , Laput Dionesia Octaviani , Manur Maria Suryanti
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 is one of the most dangerous outbreaks and can cause death. Pregnant women are listed as one of the vulnerable groups at risk of being infected with COVID-19 because of physiological changes during pregnancy that cause a partial decrease in immunity. This activity was carried out at the Lao Health Center. The number of participants is 21 pregnant women. This activity aims to increase the knowledge of pregnant women about preventing COVID-19 during pregnancy. The method of activity is to provide counseling, demonstration and discussion with the participants. Knowledge of pregnant women is assessed through the results of filling out questionnaires filled out by participants before and after the activity and the results of questions and answers at the end of the activity. Knowledge of pregnant women after participating in this activity is reported to have increased. It is hoped that this increase in knowledge, pregnant women can have good attitudes and behaviors to maintain their health during pregnancy to avoid COVID-19.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MICROSOFT TEAMS SAAT WFH DI PT. BALI ANIMASI SOLUSI EKAKARSA
Authors: Prayoga I Made Rai , Mandira I Made Chandra
Published: January 2022

Perusahaan dapat berkembang tidak hanya bergantung pada kualitas sumber daya manusia yang dimilikinya saja, akan tetapi di masa yang seperti sekarang peralatan modern dan kelengkapan sarana prasarana, menjadi aspek penting dalam perusahaan. Virus Corona atau Covid-19 yang sudah menjangkit seluruh dunia saat ini membuat banyak perusahaan yang mememerlukan sumber daya manusia dalam jumlah cukup besar mengalami penurunan efektifitas produksi akibat berbagai keterbatasan yang dihadapi. Salah satu perusahaan yang terdampak adalah PT. Bali Animasi Solusi Ekakarsa atau lebih dikenal dengan Brown Bag Films bali. Kebijakan yang diambil perusahaan untuk tetap produktif adalah WFH (Work From Home) atau bekerja dari rumah demi membantu pemerintah dalam menekan laju penyebaran virus ini dan bisa tetap produktif dimasa pandemic seperti saat ini. Perusahaan dituntut untuk dapat mengandalakan segala jenis media tekonologi yang ada, hal tersebut bertujuan untuk mempermudah pekerjaan karyawan. Salah satu aplikasi online yang dapat membantu hal tersebut adalah Microsoft Teams. Microsoft Teams adalah aplikasi online yang dibuat oleh Microsoft yang berbasis obrolan berfitur lengkap dengan dukungan aktivitas berbagi dokumen, rapat online dan fitur lainnya yang sangat berguna bagi perusahaan untuk berkumnikasi. Penggunaan Microsoft Teams dapat menjadi jawaban atas berbagai keterbatasan yang perusahaan alami saat ini, sehingga keterbatsan tidak menjadi penghalang untuk tetap produktif walaupun dimasa pandemic.

Kata kunci : Covid-19, WFH (Work From Home), Microsoft Teams
Authors: KHOTIMAH HUSNUL KHOTIMAH, , SUBAGIO SRI UTAMI
Published: January 2022

ASI adalah makanan terbaik bagi bayi Cakupan  pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi  usia  0-6  bulan  secara  Nasional 80% di Provinsi Banten  65 %. Salah satu upaya agar pemberian ASI dapat berjalan dengan baik jika teknik menyusui dan perawatan payudara dilakukan dengan benar. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan metode Community Development (pemberdayaan masyarakat). Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada periode bulan Mei – Juni  2021. Lokasi kegiatan adalah di Klinik Al Amin Medika Kota Serang Sasaran kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini berjumlah 15 ibu menyusui. Kegiatan ini merupakan penyuluhan, pendampingan dan pemberian modul tentang pemberian ASI. Hasil kuesioner yang dilakukan pada seluruh peserta didapatkan 3 (20%) ibu yang tidak memberikan ASI dikarenakan ibunda bayi kurang mendapatkan informasi tentang manfaat ASI, tetapi informasi seputar susu formula yang banyak ibu jumpai dan ibu bekerja. Nilai pretest dan post test menunjukkan perubahan berupa peningkatan jumlah peserta yang memahami dari 6 peserta (40%) pada saat pre tes kemudian terjadi peningkatan jumlah peserta yang memahami sebanyak 12 orang (80%). Terdapat peningkatan hasil post tes menunjukkan bahwa pendampingan yang dilakukan dapat memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepada ibu tentang pentingnya pemberian ASI Eksklusif membentuk perilaku pemberian ASI yang baik, sehingga akan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan ibu dan anak
Pemetaan Kasus Kematian Ibu di Kabupaten Brebes Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis
Authors: Iswati Indah , Shaluhiyah Zahroh , Agushybana Farid
Published: January 2022

Kematian ibu di Brebes menjadi yang tertinggi pertama di Jawa Tengah di tahun 2014-2018. Jarak ke fasilitas kesehatan merupakan faktor penting yang berkontribusi terhadap kematian ibu. Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk memetakan kasus kematian ibu dan jarak ke fasilitas kesehatan berguna dalam merencanakan program intervensi penurunan kematian ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan persebaran kasus kematian ibu dan perbedaan jarak ke fasilitas kesehatan antara kelompok kasus dan kontrol. Sebanyak 145 sampel diambil acak yaitu 29 kasus: 116 kontrol. Koordinat rumah ibu dan fasilitas kesehatan diperoleh melalui pengukuran di lapangan. Persebaran kasus kematian ibu terkonsentrasi di Brebes utara. Persebaran bidan desa dan Puskesmas merata. Persebaran rumah sakit tidak merata dan lokasinya berdekatan dengan rumah sakit lainnya. Peta jangkauan ke bidan desa, ke puskesmas dan ke rumah sakit menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar tidak ada perbedaan antara kelompok kasus dengan kontrol. Hampir semua kasus dan kontrol berada di luar jangkauan rumah sakit. Pemerintah perlu menambah sarana rumah sakit yang lebih mudah dijangkau dari rumah ibu bersalin serta menyediakan layanan persalinan yang dekat dari pemukiman misalnya Bidan Praktek Swasta.