bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PERCEPATAN PENGANEKARAGAMAN KONSUMSI PANGAN (P2KP) PADA KELOMPOK WANITA TANI DI KELURAHAN LEMPAKE KECAMATAN SAMARINDA UTARA
Authors: Ariyadi Ariyadi
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the implementation of the acceleration of food consumption diversification (P2KP) program on the Women Farmers Group in Lempake Village, to identify and describe the supporting and inhibiting factors. This type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The research location is in Lempake Sub-District, North Samarinda District. Data derived from interviews, observations and documents owned by farmer women's groups. Conclusions based on data processed using interactive model data analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the implementation of the acceleration program of food consumption diversification (P2KP) on the women farmer groups in Lempake Village had been going well, although there were still things that needed improvement.Keywords: Implementation, Diversification,  Food Consumption
KINERJA ANGGOTA SATUAN PERLINDUNGAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KEAMANAN, KETENTRAMAN DAN KETERTIBAN DI KECAMATAN MALINAU KOTA KABUPATEN MALINAU
Authors: Anyik Daniel
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the performance of the Community Protection Unit Officers in creating Security, Peace, and Order in Kecamatan Malinau Kota, Malinau District. This type of research includes descriptive with a qualitative approach. Primary data is derived from interviews with informant selected purposively and direct observation, supported by secondary data derived from written data owned by the agency. The conclusion of the research was conducted through interactive model data analysis. The results showed that the work of Satlinmas members in creating security, peace, and order in Kecamatan Malinau Kota as measured by several performance instruments, including the ability to finish the task, the quality of the work, the attitude of work discipline, creativity in working, and cooperation with the community showed good work results, but not optimal.Keywords: Performance, Community Protection, Security, Peace, Order
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PADA EKSTRAK KAYU SEPANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) BERDASARKAN PH AIR
Authors: Asfar Andi Muhamad Iqbal Akbar , Asfar Andi Muhamad Irfan Taufan
Published: September 2021

Daging olahan yang ada dipasaran sering terkontaminasi oleh mikroba sehingga mengalami pembusukan atau masa simpannya sangat rendah. Sehingga, untuk menghindari kerugian biasanya ditambahkan pengawet sintetik, sedangkan pengawet sintetik berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pengawet alami nabati yang aman bagi manusia. Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan ekstrak kayu sepang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) sebab memiliki kandungan antioksidan serta antimikroba. Akan tetapi, perlu dilakukan analisa mengenai ekstrak kayu sepang dengan pH air yang berbeda (pH 6, pH 7 dan pH 8) agar aktivitas antioksidan dapat efektif. Penentuan uji aktivitas antioksidan didasarkan pada perubahan warna ekstrak selama perendaman daging olahan (bakso). Perubahan yang tidak signifikan pada pH tertentu akan dijadikan sebagai dasar untuk melakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan (IC50). Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu perubahan warna pada larutan ekstrak stagnan pada pH 5-6 untuk setiap variasi waktu perendaman (5, 10, dan 15 jam). Perubahan pH yang dijadikan sebagai uji lanjut untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan adalah pada pH 6. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) pada pH 6 yaitu 1,16 ppm yang mengindikasikan bahwa sifat antioksidan sangat kuat. Kata kunci: Antioksidan, Caesalpinia sappan L, Kayu Sepang
CASPASE: REVIEW TENTANG PERAN LAIN PADA APOPTOSIS, KARAKTER KANTUNG KATALITIK, SERTA INTERAKSI DENGAN SUBSTRAT DAN INHIBITORNYA
Authors: Ishmatullah Maryam Hasymia , Megantara Sandra , Levita Jutti
Published: September 2021

Akhir-akhir ini banyak dilakukan penelitian tentang penghambatan pertumbuhan sel kanker atau apoptosis dari ekstrak tanaman. Caspase, enzim protease yang berperan dalam apoptosis, menjadi target menarik untuk ditelaah. Penelusuran artikel ini dilakukan untuk memberi informasi tentang peran lain caspase pada apoptosis, karakter kantung katalitiknya, serta interaksinya dengan substrat dan inhibitor. Metode pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui basis data Google Scholar dengan kata kunci â€œcaspase catalytic siteâ€, â€œapoptosisâ€, â€œamino acid residuesâ€, dan â€œsubstrates and inhibitors of caspaseâ€. Hasil penelusuran artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa caspase-3 berperan dalam sensitivitas dan efisiensi apoptosis serta menghambat produksi ROS, sedangkan caspase 9 dapat membelah protein pro-apoptosis menjadi bentuk aktifnya. Kantung katalitik masing-masing caspase memiliki residu penting berbeda, yaitu residu Cys285 dan His23 pada caspase-3, Asp374 pada caspase-8, dan pada caspase 9 berupa residu Cys230, His224, Cys272, His237, Cys239, dan Cys287.Â  Substrat caspase-3 adalah DEVD dan DVLD dan inhibitornya yaitu FICA dan DICA bersifat alosterik. Substrat caspase-8 adalah IETD dan saat ini sedang dikembangkan inhibitornya yakni c-FLIP. LEHD adalah substrat caspase-9, serta seng merupakan inhibitor selektif caspase-9.Â  Dapat disimpulkan bahwa selain berperan dalam apoptosis, caspase juga meningkatkan sensitivitas dan efisiensi apoptosis serta menghambat produksi ROS. Walaupun secara umum karakter kantung katalitik caspase mirip, namun masing-masing caspase memiliki residu asam amino penting yang berbeda, dan masing-masing caspase memiliki inhibitor yang menempati posisi alosterik (bukan menghambat di tempat substrat terikat). Review ini akan bermanfaat bagi peneliti bidang penemuan obat antikanker.Kata kunci: antikanker, apoptosis, caspase
ANTIHYPERURICEMIA ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA LEAF IN VIVO AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ACTIVE FRACTIONS IN VITRO
Authors: Suwandi Deden Winda , Subarnas Anas , Sumiwi Sri Adi
Published: September 2021

Azadirachta indica, A.,Juss is a medicinal plant that is used traditionally for some disease, especially its leaves to treat a rheumatic diseases and lower blood uric acid levels. This study was carried out to examine antihyperuricemia activity of ethanol extract, water fraction, ethyl acetat fraction and n-hexane fraction of the A. Indica leaves in male mice of Swiss-Webster strain. Extract and fraction doses used were 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight and the doses of allopurinol as a standard drug was 13 mg/kg of body weight. The tests were conducted on mice suffering from hyperuricemia induced by potassium oxonat at adose of 300 mg/kg of body weight intraperitoneally and chicken liver juice orally. Measurement of blood uric acid levels were performed using an Easy TouchÂ® every hour for 4 hours after being given test preparations. The results showed that the ethanol extract and the fractions lowered blood uric acid levels in the same way as allopurinol did. The n-hexane fractions at the all doses showed the highest activity, followed by ethanol fraction, and water fraction at the dose of 250 mg/kg at the 4th hour. These results illustrated that the A. Indica leaves might be potential to be used as antihyperuricemia. The active compounds which possibly reduce blood uric acid levels in mice are believed to be flavonoid or polyphenolic compounds because they are reported to be able to inhibit the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme that converts purines into uric acid. Then, the most active fraction, n-hexane fraction, was tested for its inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase enzyme to determine its mechanism of action. The results showed that the n-hexane fraction, like allopurinol, inhibited uric acid biosynthesis through inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase enzyme with the IC50 value of 132 Î¼g/mL lower than that of allopurinol IC50 58.35 Î¼g/mL.Â Key words: A. indica leaves, antihyperuricemia, chicken liver juice, potassium oxonat, xanthine oxidase.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS GARUT PADA PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK
Authors: Hamdani Siva , Nuari Doni Anshar , Rahayu Tia
Published: September 2021

Pengetahuan merupakan domain yang sangat penting untuk terciptanya sikap dan perilaku yang baik. Apabila pengetahuan mengenai antibiotik kurang, maka sikap dan perilaku dalam penggunaan antibiotik akan kurang, sementara antibiotik merupakan salah satu golongan obat yang pemakaiannya harus berdasarkan resep dokter agar tidak menimbulkan hal yang berbahaya bagi tubuh. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku mahasiswa Universitas Garut pada penggunaan antibiotik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode observasional dengan teknik potong lintang. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 380 Â mahasiswa (Î±=5%), teknik pengambilan sampel dengan proportional quota sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang sudah diuji validitas dan realibilitas. Analisis korelasi dilakukan uji korelasi rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mayoritas tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa Universitas Garut terhadap antibiotik pada kategori kurang (57,4%), sikap terhadap penggunaan antibiotik pada kategori kurang (61,8%) dan perilaku terhadap penggunaan antibiotik pada kategori kurang (56,4%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku penggunaan antibiotik dengan nilai p<0,05 walaupun korelasi bersifat lemah (koefisien korelasi <0,5)Â Kata kunci:Â  antibiotik, sikap, perilaku, pengetahuan
Caught In-Between
Authors: Pandimakil G. Peter
Published: September 2021

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Pablo, el antisistema
Authors: Álvarez Cineira David
Published: September 2021

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Comentario a la Regla de San Agustín
Authors: Luis Vizcaíno Pío de
Published: September 2021

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Sobre la necesidad de la fe sobrenatural para obtener la salvación
Authors: Jericó Bermejo Ignacio
Published: September 2021

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Crónica del Congreso Latinoamericano de Religiosidad Popular: la Semana Santa
Authors: Sala González Ramón
Published: September 2021

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Nuevos lenguajes teológicos centrados en la Creación
Authors: García Sánchez Joaquín
Published: September 2021

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Lesioni cutanee stellate e simmetriche in un gemello “rimasto solo”
Authors: Sciarotta Claudia , Serra Gregorio , Schierz mandy , Corsello Giovanni
Published: September 2021

The incidence of multiple pregnancy has increased, particularly because of the advances in assisted reproductive technologies. Multiple gestations are high risk pregnancies, especially the monochorionic ones. Two/thirds of initially twin pregnancies result in singles at birth, a condition defined as vanishing twin syndrome. The intrauterine death of one of the twins can cause direct fetal damage to the surviving one on several levels. The paper describes the case of a child born from twin pregnancy that was interrupted for one of the co-twins at early second trimester of gestation who presented with aplasia cutis congenita.
Sclerosi tuberosa ed everolimus: una nuova storia
Authors: Cervesi Chiara , Di Marzio Giulia Maria , Kiren Valentina , Cattaruzzi Elisabetta , Costa Paola , Carrozzi Marco
Published: September 2021

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, due to inactivating muta-tions of TSC1 or TSC2 mTOR pathway genes and is characterized by variable multisystem manifestations ranging from hamartomas to malignant neoplasms. It frequently associated to seizures, intellectual disability and behavioural disorders. Surgical treatment has traditionally been used to manage subependymal giant cells astrocytomas (SEGA). The introduction of mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, with its definite role both as primary and as adjuvant treatment, has significantly modified the management opportunities in the clinical practice. It is important to consider both treatment options in a balanced way and not only the SEGA, but also the individual patient and their associated comorbidities. The pros and the cons of both options should be discussed by a multidisciplinary team before establishing an individualized treatment recommendation. The paper reports the case of a patient with an asymptomatic SEGA who was treated with everolimus. The treatment was effective in reducing the size of the tumour, it was safe and well tolerated.
Domande e risposte
Authors: Longo Giorgio
Published: September 2021

Calendario vaccinale, discrepanze tra Paesi - Vaccino anti-epatite B e livelli anticorpali - Infezioni respiratorie recidivanti e antibiotici
Investigation of the Reasons Motivating Undergraduate Students to Physical Activity According to Behavior Change Stages
Authors: Dilek Ahmet Naci , Taş Zeki
Published: September 2021

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the reasons that motivate undergraduate students to physical activity according to the stages of behavior change. Method: A total of 598 students, including 328 male and 270 female students, voluntarily participated in the research conducted with the screening model. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and LSD tests were used for statistical operations. Results: The difference between interest and physical fitness dimension scores between male and female students was statistically significant (p<.05). In the dimension of interest and physical fitness, female's scores are higher than male's. In the study, statistically significant differences were found in interest, ability, appearance, physical fitness and social dimensions according to age category (p<.05). Statistically significant differences were found in all sub-dimensions when comparing the sub-dimensions of the reasons that motivate to participate in physical/sports activity according to the behavioral change steps (p<.01). Conclusion: It has been determined that while the factors that motivate undergraduate students to physical activity are different in terms of interest and physical fitness, they are similar in terms of ability, appearance and social dimension. It has been observed that physically active people are better in interest, physical fitness, ability, appearance and social dimensions than those who are not physically active. It is recommended to direct undergraduate students to be more physically active. Keywords: Behavior, Physical activity, Motivation
Comparison of social phobia in athletes with doping history in comparison with general population
Authors: Alavirad Sareh , Amiri Ali
Published: September 2021

Background: Regarding increasing and concerning worldwide trends of doping and lack of definite information about contributing factors in this era, this study was performed to determine the frequency of social phobia in athletes with doping history in comparison with general population. Methods and materials: In this case-control study 30 subjects were enrolled including two groups of professional athletes with doping history and general population. In each group 15 subjects were present. All subjects were interviewed according to DSM-IV criteria. The social phobia was assessed by social phobia inventory (SPIN). Results: Ten subjects (including 7 men and 3 women) in athletes group and 6 subjects (including 4 men and 2 women) in normal population group had social phobia showing no significant difference between groups (P=0.143). The gender had no effect on having social phobia in none of the groups (P=1.000). Conclusions: Totally, according to the obtained results in this study, it may be concluded that there is no significant difference between presence of social phobia in athletes with doping history and general population. Keywords: Athletes, Doping, Social phobia
Safety Management Practices and Occupational Health and Safety Performance: An Empirical Review
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia, Ajmal Muhammad Ajmal , Isha Ahmad ,   Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia, Nordin Shahrina ,   Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia
Published: September 2021

his paper aims to investigate how the relationship between safety management practices and occupational health and safety performance have been examined in the literature, and which future research areas can be recommended. This systematic literature review applied the matrix method to examine major literature in safety management practices and occupational health and safety performance. A total of 24 papers in English peer-reviewed from 21 journals were selected and analyzed. The synthesis of these empirical studies revealed the following: The relationship between safety management practices and occupational health and safety performance has mostly been investigated quantitatively in many countries and sectors; management commitment to safety, safety rules, and procedures and safety training are still most commonly used safety management practices to improve occupational health and safety performance. In this study, research articles were selected only from English journals; therefore, some research articles in other languages might not be included. The findings of this study can be used to develop a safety management model to reduce the rate of injuries, accidents, and near misses in high hazardous risk organizations. Overall, the findings provide Safety management practices overview that practitioners use to manage safety performance. There are only a few systematic literature reviews available on safety management practices, occupational health, and safety performance. This paper is among the first systematic literature reviews to analyze how safety management practices have been associated with occupational health and safety performance and provide potential research avenues.
Banks Intermediation and Stock Prices of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria: VECM and Variance Decomposition Approach
Authors:   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria, K Subair , Yusuf A Soyebo ,   Lagos State University, Ojo
Published: September 2021

This study adopts the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and the variance decomposition techniques in testing the financial acceleration theory in banks intermediation. The bank intermediation variable is categorized into variable deposit mobilization, loan administration, delegated monitoring and risk diversification. Using cointegration analysis and quarterly secondary data between 2009 and 2016, this study assessed the short and long run influence of the categorized bank activities on their stock prices. The results indicate that banks intermediation exact influence on both the short and long run stock prices of DMBs in Nigeria as the ECM (-0.1420) result showed a significant speed of adjustment towards equilibrium while the overall model fitness showed that there is a long run causality running from banks intermediation measures and stock prices. Similarly, the result of the variance decomposition of stock prices shocks indicate that over time a significantly increasing proportion of stock prices is explained by loans and capital (delegated monitoring).
The Structure of Human Capital Management Practices in the Higher Education System of Pakistan
Authors:   Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan, Zaman Nadeem Uz , Mohammad Jan ,   Institute of Management Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan, Naeem Abdul ,   Institute of Management Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan, Malik Beenish ,   Institute of Management Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan, Arshad Tayyabah ,   Institute of Management Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Published: September 2021

This study attempts to explore the structure of human capital management (HCM) practices in the higher education system of Pakistan. The study does not consider the respondents to be conceptually aware of the concept of HCM, yet the prevailing practice within the HRM system might reflect a transition towards HCM. We collected our data using a selfadministered online questionnaire from 299 employees in the University of Pakistan. The data thus collected were analyzed using an exploratory factor analysis first and then a confirmatory factor analysis to further validate the structure highlighted in the data in the exploratory factor analysis. We found that there does exist a structure that can be related to HCM in the universities of Pakistan. Five components, as such, were highlighted in our analysis though we had initially added seven to the original survey. The component of talent was merged into knowledge and the component of retention was merged into supporting activities. This suggested the relevant correlations between these pairs. Thus, the structure suggests that Pakistani Higher Institutes (HIs) look for talent within education and knowledge rather than any separable aspect of human capital. Moreover, we found the retention is embedded into supporting activities. The study implicitly finds and claims that the mindset towards the implication of HCM is developing and performance evaluation and reward system are being considered as important trends in HIs of Pakistan. The study mainly focused on all the universities of Pakistan. It might be possible that the situation is different in the private and public sector HIs.
Performance Appraisal of Open-ended Equity Funds in Pakistan: An alternative Approaches of Performance Measure
Authors:   Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan, Abbas Zaidi Syed Zakir
Published: September 2021

There are more than one hundred portfolio performances, which have been proposed in financial literature, (Cogneau and Hubner, 2009), but extensively used performance measure is a Sharpe ratio and in Pakistan Asset Management Companies (AMCs) also prefer to exhibit their performance in Sharpe ratio. However, financial literature has ample of evidence that recommend Sharpe ratio is valid under normal distribution of returns. The financial returns are not distributed normally as result of which standard deviation may not adequately measure risk (Bodie et al., 2009). Whereas, standard deviation of negatively skewed distribution underestimates and positively skewed overestimates volatility that would be misleading Sharpe index. In this study, we concluded that for skewed and non-normal distribution Omega ratio or Sharpe-Omega are alternative performance measures.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership in promoting Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Higher Education Institutions
Authors:   Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Amanat Mahwish , Sultana Sobia ,   Lahore College for Women University, Lahore
Published: September 2021

Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior are the valuable components of an organization and these components become a core competency to improve organizational performance now a days. Transformational leadership is different from traditional leadership style in the way that it gives weight to the sensory perception, guides in making decisions and helps followers in developing citizenship behavior. Transformational leadership has a significant role in building up employees organizational citizenship behavior through idealized influence, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation. Keeping in view the importance of organizational citizenship behavior the present contextual framework was established to explain the relationship between the stated variables. The study was explanatory and cross-sectional approach was employed to accumulate data from the academic staff of public sector universities. The target area that was selected for the study was the city of Lahore, Punjab, as most of the well-known universities are present in Lahore. The data collected from teaching faculty have been analyzed by employing SPSS (22.0). Descriptive Statistics, Frequency Analysis, Pearson Correlation, Regression Coefficients and Reliability Analyses were used to examine data. Results of regression analysis show that transformational leadership has significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior
Analysis of Factor Affecting e-Commerce Potential of any Country using Multiple Regression
Authors:   School of Business and Economics, University of Management Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, Waseem Ansar
Published: September 2021

The advancement of Information Technology and Telecommunication has opened new avenues for business. These astonishing developments have led to rapid diffusion of ecommerce which is gaining popularity around the globe and it is contributing to the economic growth of country. This study aims to develop an integrative model based on different factors which can affect the growth of e-commerce in any country. For this purpose, data of 145 countries for year 2014 was obtained from different sources. Nine different Multiple Regression Models were proposed by combination of different factors in order to analyze their relative effect on growth of e-commerce. Findings suggest that the sensitivity of the e-commerce potential was highest for GNI per Capita and Readiness Sub-Index, respectively. Similarly, other factors such as education level, urbanization and social media users were also found significantly associated with e-commerce potential. However, Cyber Security and Business Prospects were found to be statistically non-significant in few of the models. The paper concludes with few suggestions for government and policy makers to increase e-commerce growth in the country
Iron Status and Dietary Patterns of Collegiate Female Distance Runners
Authors: Walny Rachel , Keylock Todd , Hamady Carrie , Shen Wan
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Iron is in oxygen transport which is important for athletic performance. Many female distance runners struggle to maintain adequate iron status through diet alone and rely on iron supplementation.

Methods: Interviews were conducted with eight members of the Women’s Cross Country team at a Division I university to assess dietary patterns and behaviors related to iron status. This information, along with food records and serum ferritin levels, were analyzed qualitatively for trends with a focus on iron intake, total energy intake, and food components that enhance and inhibit iron absorption.

Results: All participants took an iron supplement at the time of the study. All but one had experienced poor iron status currently or in the past.  Most participants did not meet dietary iron, Vitamin E, or estimated energy requirements. Half of the participants expressed an attempt to increase iron intake in response to higher training loads. Half attempted to increase intake in response to a low ferritin result or iron deficiency symptoms.

Conclusions: Consistently low energy and iron intake among participants indicated the likelihood of a relationship with poor iron status and/or reliance on supplementation. The most common motivation for increasing iron intake was the prevention of symptoms.
Las Características morfométricas de los otolitos de Ophichthus remiger provenientes de la pesquería en la costa ecuatoriana
Authors: Guerrero Arias Justhine , Zambrano René , Esteban Elías
Published: September 2021

La anguila común (Ophichthus remiger) es una especie con valor comercial de la que son limitados los conocimientos sobre sus aspectos biológico-pesqueros, entre ellos las relaciones biométricas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las características morfométricas de los otolitos y su relación con la talla, así como el peso de la anguila común en Ecuador. Se analizaron datos de tallas de esa especie recolectados por el Instituto Nacional de Pesca en los puertos de desembarque deManta, Anconcito y Posorja, así como 241 pares de otolitos extraídos en muestras de tales sitios. Las dimensiones (largo y ancho) y el peso de otolito fueron comparadas entre el lado izquierdo y derecho de cada sexo y entre ellos, mediante análisis de varianza de un factor (ANOVA) y multivariado (MANOVA). Se realizaron regresiones lineales entre las dimensiones y pesos del otolito respecto con la longitud total del organismo. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los otolitos izquierdo y derecho en cada sexo (p > 0.05), pero sí entre ellos (p < 0.01). La anguila común presentó un crecimiento isométrico entre la longitud y ancho del otolito con respecto de la talla del organismo mientras que, con el peso la alometría fue negativa; adicionalmente, en esta última relación se encontraron dos agrupaciones de datos. Los otolitos son similares en ambos lados en cada sexo, aquello indica la validez de la elección de uno u otro en análisis de retrocálculo, por esto las diferencias encontradas en las dimensiones de otolito pueden deberse a condiciones genéticas o ambientales. Los dos grupos de datos encontrados en la relación del peso del otolito con la talla del organismo pueden interpretarse como individuos diferenciados por el grado de desarrollo gonadal.
La Determinación de niveles de cadmio en granos de maíz (Zea mays L.) de la costa y sierra ecuatoriana
Authors: Condo-Franco Joela , Pernía Beatriz
Published: September 2021

Se determinó las concentraciones de Cd en granos de maíz de la costa y sierra del Ecuador, para los análisis se eligieron seis variedades de mayor consumo: dulce, duro, canguil, morocho, chulpi y blanco. Las muestras se tomaron por triplicado (n=3) de cada variedad, además fueron procesadas y analizadas por Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica con Horno de Grafito. Las seis variedades presentaron concentraciones de Cd por debajo del límite máximo permisible (0,1 mg/kg) establecido por la Unión Europea, el Codex Alimentarius y la norma INEN 187:2013. En el análisis comparativo por regiones, los niveles promedio de Cd son mayores en la Sierra (0,019 mg/ kg) que en la Costa (0,006 mg/kg Cd). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre variedades (p>0,05). La mayor concentración de Cd la obtuvo el morocho (0,025±0,022 mg/kg Cd) y la menor la variedad dulce (0,001±0,000 mg/kg Cd). Se evidenció que las concentraciones de Cd están directamente relacionadas a los días de cosecha y a la altitud a la que se cultivan. Además, se planteó una propuesta para mitigar o disminuir la contaminación por Cd en los suelos agrícolas.
What do university teachers do all day (and often into the night)?'
Authors: Arnold Josie
Published: September 2021

Teaching and the student experience are interlocked. This paper takes a personal look at the pleasures and pressures of teaching in contemporary higher education. In doing so it adds to the definition of teachers’ work in higher education, surveys some of the creative and positive sides of University teaching and shines a light upon the impact of increased commercialisation and managerial approaches upon academic work. It focuses upon the teaching and learning activities that academics undertake in the service of the university, including the research that adds to and updates their own knowledge, and hence underpins their teaching, so as to enable and enrich the learning journeys of their students. This paper has been written as a personal narrative, as what I have come to call a ‘subjective academic narrative’. The ‘subjective’ refers to acknowledgement of the inevitability of the personal being an integral part of research; the ‘academic’ refers to the analytical and the intellectual ambience in which university research takes place; and the ‘narrative’ refers to the story, that is, the way in which we re-tell all of our research. Above all, this paper contributes to a sense of understanding some of the elements of teaching that are involved in student engagement.
Addressing student cynicism through transformative learning
Authors: Duarte Fernanda
Published: September 2021

This paper reflects on insights that emerged from the findings of a qualitative study conducted by the author in 2007 with third year management students from an Australian university on their perceptions in relation to business ethics. The findings revealed an attitude of cynicism with regard to the application of ethical principles beyond university years – in “the real world of business'. This led the author to engage in more systematic efforts to address this problem, and to this end, she found Mezirow's notion of transformative learning inspiring and valuable. It is contended that reflection and critical thinking are crucially important skills to enable consciousness shifts that will lead to a deeper understanding and greater appreciation of the importance of ethical conduct in management. They can act as antidotes to attitudes of cynicism which make students feel powerless and dejected, disinclined to apply the knowledge gained during their training beyond university years. A selection of examples of class activities and assessments to foster transformative learning is provided.
Innovations in Co-ordinating Undergraduate Students’ Oral Tutorial Presentations
Authors: Harman Kristyn
Published: September 2021

Individual oral tutorial presentations have been utilised in numerous undergraduate courses to develop and assess students’ skills in organising and communicating ideas and information to a select audience. However, evidence from the literature, interviews with academics (n=5), and the author’s own experiences have demonstrated that these presentations have been plagued with issues ranging from poor quality presentations to non-attendance on the part of students and boredom for both academics and undergraduates alike. This article highlights these issues, then details a variety of successful ways in which academics have innovated to improve the level of student engagement and facilitate a higher achievement of learning outcomes. Some of these innovations pertain to individual presentations, yet interview data gathered indicated a strong trend towards replacing these with small group and whole group exercises, models for which are also explicated in this article. These models have been drawn from the Social Sciences and Humanities and provide templates that may be adapted for use in a range of different contexts. The resultant improvements in co-ordinating undergraduate students’ tutorial presentations may contribute towards a more satisfying experience for lecturers, tutors, and students, and improved learning outcomes.
Editorial 8.2
Authors: Lefoe Geraldine
Published: September 2021

Welcome to the second issue, Volume 8 of the Journal of University Teaching and Learning (JUTLP). We are very pleased to see the way the journal continues to grow and the improvement in the quality of the papers. For this we would like to thank our editorial board and reviewers for their considerable efforts in providing valuable feedback to the contributors.
Recently many people farewelled the Australian Learning and Teaching Council at the Opera House in Sydney as they presented the final round of Teaching and Learning awards and citations. Recognition for these outstanding teachers, as well as support through a multi-million dollar grant system, has seen the profile of teaching and learning raised significantly within higher education in Australia and we look forward to seeing further support through the government body who have taken over this role.
An Investigation of the Impact of Research-led Education on Student Learning and Understandings of Research.
Authors: Jiang Fuming , Roberts Pamela
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the impact of two approaches to research-led education on students’ learning and their understandings of research in the context of two university courses in international business involving third year undergraduate and graduate students. One approach involved the lecturer using his research as the basis for a case-study assignment involving an intercultural business negotiation. In the second approach students conducted a research project in which they reviewed the academic literature to identify practical implications for business and theoretical gaps as the basis for future research. A questionnaire was used to explore students’ perceptions of the impacts on their learning and understandings of research. Students’ understandings of research were most informed by the research based learning project which was presented to them as an experience of doing research. Students valued the lecturer using his research in the course because of his enthusiasm and his expertise and mentoring in doing research. However many students developed only limited understandings of research in the subject area, despite their direct experience of the lecturers’ research. The implications for the design of research-led education approaches are explored.
Editorial 9.1
Authors: Lefoe Geraldine
Published: September 2021

Welcome to the first issue of Volume 9 of Journal of University Teaching and Learning (JUTLP) in 2012. Higher education institutions continue to adapt to the many changes occurring in education. Increasing pressures on systems and the people who work within them are becoming more evident. For this journal one such impact has been the submission of several papers which have evidence of plagiarism or self-plagiarism. Contributing factors may indeed be increased pressure to publish and a lack of understanding of what constitutes plagiarism amongst inexperienced authors. In the Higher Education Teaching and Learning group in Linkedin (http://tinyurl.com/HETL-SOTL) suggestions have been offered in terms of education for authors and reviewers to address the problem. It seems that new technologies, as well as those that have been around for quite some time, offer both advantages and disadvantages for academic activity. Fortunately, for many of our authors the use of technology to support teaching and learning is providing avenues for increased support for student learning.
On Online Assignments in a Calculus Class
Authors: Jungic Veselin , Kent Deborah , Menz Petra
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we describe our experience with the creation and utilization of online assignments for several calculus classes at Simon Fraser University (SFU). We present our findings regarding available software by considering the needs and perspectives of the instructors, students, and administrators. We provide a list of questions that guide an instructor in choosing online assignment problems and a list of benefits that are the natural outcome of this endeavor. We analyze survey data from our science/engineering calculus as well as social science calculus courses over the span of five years. As a conclusion we propose a balanced use of both paper and online assignments in teaching introductory calculus classes. Finally, we discuss recent developments and future possibilities of utilizing online problems.
Internationalising the curriculum: building intercultural understandings through music
Authors: Joseph Dawn
Published: September 2021

This article reports of the power (influence) of music to develop intercultural understandings to better internationalise the curriculum. It argues that through internationalisation, we learn more about other people’s cultures hence, by providing an international/intercultural dimension into the teaching unit of ‘Discovering Music A’, tertiary students at Deakin University have opportunities to experience, investigate and participate in a different music and culture. Using the metaphor of the ‘talking drum’, this article reports through anecdotal notes, observations, journaling and student evaluation, how a different music, like that of Africa, communicates and promotes intercultural dialogue in a social and learning environment. The 2011 cohort included both international and local students from the Faculty of Arts and Education, Health and Business and Law, opening up a broad range of international dialogue in which all students in the cohort had a voice for expressing themselves about another culture and its music. I contend that the inclusion of a new and different music in the Bachelor of Education (Primary) curriculum and as an elective unit across all faculties provides a pathway for intercultural dialogue and understanding. As tertiary educators by internationalising the curriculum and through the process of reflection, observation and student feedback, we are able to make meaning around our practice and adapt our practice. I argue that units like Discovering Music A are an effective and useful dais to address cultural diversity and build intercultural relations and understandings in our tertiary courses.
Taking Responsibility for Academic Integrity: A collaborative teaching and learning design
Authors: East Julianne , Donnelly Lisa
Published: September 2021

La Trobe University, like many Australian universities, states that it values honest academic endeavour (Academic Integrity Policy 2011), and it can provide examples of good teaching practice in the areas of academic integrity, proper acknowledgment and avoiding plagiarism. Rather than relying on the chance that individuals will just develop good practices, this university has recently taken a more systematic approach to teaching students and staff about academic integrity and providing resources to ensure a consistent message and application of acknowledgment conventions. This systematic approach was made possible through the University’s curriculum reform program, the Design for Learning. By positioning academic integrity and acknowledgment as issues of curriculum, La Trobe has created an educational opportunity and reduced the focus on punishment. Furthermore, the mandate to deliver academic integrity programmes to all commencing students and staff and to provide consistent guidelines supports the development of awareness that academic integrity is a whole of university responsibility – everybody’s responsibility. This paper reviews one university’s progress towards aligning academic integrity, with the intention to inform those who are interested in developing an integrated academic integrity education.
Collaborating to embed academic literacies and personal support in first year discipline subjects
Authors: Chanock Kate , Horton Craig , Reedman Mark , Stephenson Bret
Published: September 2021

This article discusses a Design for Learning project in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, where academic and personal support for students was interwoven in their first semester. Staff of the Academic Language and Learning Unit (ALLU) worked with discipline staff to develop their students’ capabilities across a range of disciplines, while the Faculty’s First Year Coordinator organised dedicated tutors to identify and support students who struggled to engage with their first semester’s work. ALLU staff, consulting with subject coordinators, designed extra tutorials focussing on the subjects’ readings for four weeks, and working towards the first marked assignment. Using ALLU’s design, subject tutors showed students what is characteristic of thinking at university; how that is embodied in the structures and styles of academic texts; and how sources are used. Feedback from students, tutors, and coordinators was mainly favourable, and a comparison of students’ entrance scores and first semester marks with those of previous cohorts found that As and Bs rose in most subject groups, while Ds and Fails decreased, despite lower entrance scores overall.
The article situates this initiative within the movement towards “embedding” development of students’ academic literacies into their disciplines’ curricula. It looks at the educational advantages of this method, as well as some difficulties of acceptance, ownership, and organisation. It focusses, in particular, on the benefits of involving ALLU staff, with their expertise in Applied Linguistics, in designing activities to focus both students and subject lecturers on the particular discourses used in their discipline subjects.
Transforming information literacy conversations to enhance student learning: new curriculum dialogues
Authors: Salisbury Fiona , Karasmanis Sharon , Robertson Tracy , Corbin Jenny , Hulett Heather , Peseta Tai
Published: September 2021

Information literacy is an essential component of the La Trobe University inquiry/research graduate capability and it provides the skill set needed for students to take their first steps on the path to engaging with academic information and scholarly communication processes. A deep learning approach to information literacy can be achieved if students have an opportunity to build awareness of generic skills followed by practice in their discipline context. This article describes a collaborative model for developing and embedding information literacy resources within disciplines, that is based on Biggs and Tang's (2007) concept of constructive alignment, and that is suitable for implementation on an institutional scale.
The article explores the application of the model through interviews with academics and concludes by providing a set of reflections on the importance of librarians taking an educationally theorised approach to both teaching and learning conversations related to information literacy and to the development of curriculum resources. All of which, need to be focused on collecting evidence of student learning outcomes.
Champions or Helpers: Leadership in Curriculum Reform in Science
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth , Bird Fiona , Fyffe Jeanette , Yench Emma
Published: September 2021

This study describes the perceptions of embedded teaching and learning leadership teams working on curriculum reform in science teaching departments. The teams combined a formally recognised leader, School Director of Learning and Teaching, with a project-based, more junior academic, Curriculum Fellow, to better leverage support for curriculum reform. Teams were established on the principles of localizing support and maximising credibility with discipline staff. The core teams were supported by a larger Faculty team of Associate Dean Academic, academic developer, educational designer, first year coordinator and project manager. Key themes emerging from the collected data were the complementary roles of members of the team, different perceptions of leadership between the School Directors of Learning and Teaching and the Curriculum Fellows, the importance of acting locally within the disciplines and the synergistic value of working in a team. The combination of formal and informal leadership aggregated into the FSTE School teams offers a model to support sustainable improvement in science teaching and learning in higher education.
Commentary: Curriculum Alignment and After: Prompts, Positions and Prospects at La Trobe University
Authors: Jones Adrian
Published: September 2021

The move to align curriculum has been an important aspect of endeavours to improve and reform higher education. This article places alignment reform at La Trobe University in its institutional context. The reform of generalist degrees programmes is emphasised. The article first traces a problem of curriculum anarchy which La Trobe shared with many other institutions. The paths and foundations of La Trobe's move to align its curriculum are then described, with a focus on their implications for generalist (i.e., non-vocational) programmes. The article concludes by suggesting and sketching a new agenda for reform after alignment: a focus on what students are actually doing now that their academics think they have everything properly aligned.
VIOLÊNCIA E INDISCIPLINA, SITUAÇÕES ARTICULADAS E PRESENTES NA ROTINA ESCOLAR
Authors: ROCHA AMANDA
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo apresenta uma discussão sobre o polêmico tema da violência na escola, que é o ato ou efeito de empregar força física, moral, psicológica, ou atitude que possa constranger o próximo e que cresce a cada dia em todo o mundo. A violência e a indisciplina são abordadas como fator primordial, segundo pesquisas e estudos, o fato gerador destes atos, parte não só do meio escolar interno, surge principalmente do externo, do cotidiano, das situações em que os alunos estão inclusos. Uma maneira de quebrar alguns tabus sobre o que se refere a esses dois fatores de grande importância. Para que a violência e a indisciplina sejam contidas, é preciso muita dedicação e união da comunidade escolar que necessita estar atenta ao que ocorre dentro e fora da escola, respeitando a diversidade cultural e social de seus membros.