bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecumenism in modern Europe: adaptation to secular society
Authors: Smirnov Mikhail Yur'evich
Published: April 2024

The ecumenism ideology is based on evangelical foundations and is aimed at achieving universal Christian unity. The historical differentiation of Christianity and the various circumstances of the church organizations development have caused the ecumenical movement internal heterogeneity. Each of the Christianity directions is guided by its own theological interpretation of ecumenism. Doctrinal agreement of these interpretations cannot be achieved. The political situation in the world and the situation of national churches within countries also hinder organizational unification. Therefore, ecumenical organizations, mainly the World Council of Churches and the Conference of European Churches, develop dialogue and cooperation programs aimed at Eucharistic and liturgical communication between different Christian confessions believers, as well as joint social services of representatives of different churches. The ecumenical movement in the twentieth century developed almost synchronously with the deployment of large-scale secularization. The secular nature of modern European societies determines the priority of social activity over theological activity in the ecumenical movement. The dependence of international ecumenical organizations on current politics is also obvious - they currently follow the European Union governing bodies’ ideo-logical rhetoric. The current situation of the ecumenical movement cannot be called a crisis, rather, there is a transformation into a new state - going beyond intra-Christian cooperation and inclusion in an interreligious dialogue, as well as in a dialogue with non-religious institutions of modern society.
Features of hybrid identity of the second/third generation of european muslims
Authors: Andreeva Larisa Anatol'evna
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the problem of the hybrid identity of the representatives of the second/third generation of European Muslims, which has become a consequence of the failure of various strategies for the integration of migrants into European society. Hybridity arises in situations of cultural intersection when somewhat contradictory meanings and logics emanating from separate spheres of action combine to form new patterns. The article shows that a significant part of the representatives of the second/third generation of European Muslims, to one degree or another, accepts the collective European socio-cultural context (primarily, the values of secondary socialization), but at the same time expresses time preferences determined by religion, which are little compatible with European values. This reveals important characteristics of the hybrid identity of European Muslims - ambivalence, multilayeredness and incompleteness. The study emphasises that the majority of representatives of the second/third generation of migrants do not identify themselves either through the nationality of their parents or through European identity, but recognise themselves through religious identity. Thus, religious affiliation is stronger than both identities. The main source of formation of the hybrid identity of second/third migrants is the conflict between religious self-identification and secular European identity. It is religion that is one of the restraining barriers to the integration of migrants into the secular European society. Similarly, the mobilization of religious identity underlies the formation of a hybrid identity of European Muslims of the second/third generations.
The UK’s role in shaping the anti-russian policy of The West
Authors: Aleshin Alexander Andreevich
Published: April 2024

In the context of the Ukrainian crisis, Western countries have significantly intensified their anti-Russian policy along with its collective development. The article examines the role of the UK in the process of multilateral formation of the collective Western anti-Russian policy. The theoretical basis of the study is the spatial approach and organisational theory. Based on the analysis of institutional-identitarian dynamics using the qualitative and quantitative content analysis, the British foreign policy identity, the transnational identity of the political space of the West, and their mutual influence are explored. It is concluded that the anti-Russian aspects of the foreign policy narratives of the UK and the collective West generally coincide. However, there are features in the corresponding discourse in the UK, which bring it closer to the discourse of the countries of the Anglosphere. International institutions and practices with the participation of the UK are considered, their compliance with anti-Russian narratives is substantiated. The article reveals the directions of British foreign policy that have the most influence on the collective policy of the West. The study focuses on cases where the British leadership was the first to take certain anti-Russian measures, encouraging other countries to follow its example. The reverse impact of international institutions and practices on the British foreign policy identity was analysed. It is argued that the UK has a significant influence on the formation of a collective anti-Russian policy, and is one of the leaders of the West in this context.
Kingdom of saudi arabia in the late 1920-s - early 1930-s: lessons from the soviet - british competition
Authors: Naumkin Vitaly
Published: April 2024

A short, from a historical perspective, but extremely meaningful and impactful episode for the history of Russian/Soviet diplomacy in the Arab East, or rather dealing with the work of Soviet diplomats in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is examined holistically in this article, following a thorough analysis of materials from the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation and the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office’s Archive, largely introduced into scholarly discourse for the first time here. The author’s attention is focused on the contest between the Soviet Union and the UK, which was still the most powerful western nation in Arabia, although the Kingdom had never been colonized, within the period - late 1920-s through early 1930-s - witnessing the emerging changes in history related to the nascent state set up by Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud. The period under review directly preceded such a most significant event for the bilateral relations as the 1932 visit to the Soviet Union by the KSA founder’s and ruler’s son - the governor of Hijaz and Foreign Minister of the KSA, Emir Faisal Ibn Abdul Aziz. It is shown that, although the British were actively using their foreign policy expertise to push back Moscow and prevent it from gaining power in the Kingdom, including through trade deals, the Soviet diplomats contrived to effectively leverage the feeling of good grace that the Saudis had for the Soviet Union, as a state that had never attempted to colonize the Arab world and had always treated the Arabs on an equal footing, which the British representatives could never afford. At the same time, the Soviet diplomats, like the British, but to a lesser degree, committed mistakes in assessing the situation and in reacting to its developments, thus useful lessons can be drawn for the modern times.
Habit, Arguing and Emotions in Russia-EU Relations pre-2022: Concepts of Social Actions
Authors: Nikitina Yulia
Published: April 2024

The article draws on International Relations theorizing of different logics of social action to provide yet another conceptual interpretation of the dynamics of EU-Russia relations before the deepest crisis started in 2022. The research concentrates on the logics of habit, arguing and affective action. Logics precluding changes in EU-Russia relations are illustrated by foreign policy moves and perceptions of both sides pre-2022 crisis. According to the logic of arguing, Russia refuted the EU’s claim to have the better argument, while the EU did not accept Russia’s self-attributed status of a country belonging to the Western lifeworld with shared political culture and did not take Russian arguments as genuine. Consequently, in the logic of affective action, Russian authorities got frustrated and angry because of the EU’s denial of an important Russian affectual need for belonging. The habits of mutual distrust and the incompatibility of mutual perceptions lead to the routinization of the conflict that is very difficult if not impossible to overcome.
The norway's policy in the context of the Russia's special military operation in Ukraine
Authors: Skripka Ivan Romanovich
Published: April 2024

The article examines Norway's policy in terms of the special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine (SMO). The author analyses the official position of the Kingdom of Norway on this issue, documents regulating its actions, materials in the media and public polls. Norway is not a member of the EU, therefore it joins sanctions against Russia by decision of its own authorities. Almost all of them coincide, but on some issues (for example, fishing) Norway takes an independent position. The most significant issues for Norwegians are humanitarian and military assistance to Ukraine, as well as anti-Russian sanctions and their consequences. This is reflected in the actions of the Storting, the media, as well as the policy documents of leading political parties. The SMO evokes a negative reaction of all leading political actors in Norway, but at the same time there are differences in the possible ways out of the crisis. Also, not all Norwegian politicians consider it necessary to provide assistance to Ukraine in current volumes. This topic arises in the context of military supplies due to the risk of undermining own defense capability, as well as the threat that it may be recognised as a military participant in the conflict. Measures that influence the domestic life of the Kingdom are also discussed in detail. This includes the reception of refugees and their social security in Norway, as well as sanctions that harm the work of businesses that had connections with Russia.
The Balkan vector of Italy's current foreign policy
Authors: Shibkova Maria Olegovna , Shibkova Oxana Sergeevna
Published: April 2024

The article analyses Italy's theoretical and practical approach to the Adriatic-Ionian region, viewed as part of the concept of the "enlarged Mediterranean" (Mediterraneo Allargato), a geopolitical space that extends far beyond the Mediterranean basin. The aim of the research is to determine the place of the Balkans in Italy's modern foreign policy strategy, analysing available policy documents as well as the practical actions of the current government under the leadership of Giorgia Meloni. Italian involvement in the Balkans in the 1990s gave way to a passive EU policy in the 2000s. However, at the beginning of this decade, in the absence of a visible EU interest in the region, Italy sought to restore a bilateral format of its relations with the Western Balkans, as shown by a new reflection on Rome's soft power potential to promote the so-called System Italy (Sistema Paese) undertaken by Italian research centres. Against the backdrop of Russia-Ukraine crisis, the EU interest in the Mediterranean has also flared up, which resulted in the adoption of the New Agenda for the Mediterranean as well as the EU Strategic Compass. Italy seeks to become a new protagonist in the Balkans, by acting together with EU partners (e.g. within the Andriatic-Ionian initiative) and by taking independent political and economic initiatives (e.g. by intensifying bilateral meetings and organising business forums). The recent exacerbation of the Balkan agenda, coupled with the centre-right government's desire for a general intensification of foreign policy and the search for additional markets and business partners among its closest neighbours, offer new opportunities for Italian diplomacy.
Depopulation of the Balkans: how the EU periphery is hollowing out
Authors: Proroković Dushan Neboyshevich
Published: April 2024

The research focuses on the phenomenon of rapid depopulation of the Balkans. Despite the fact that this process has been going on continuously for three decades, and has been accelerating in recent years, it is not recognised by the local political elites and the European Union as an important threat. Declaring this process as an important threat would open up the question of the causes that led to it. The study reveals that one of the underlying causes of depopulation is the policy of the key EU members, primarily Germany. The affluent members of the European Union solve their own labor shortage problems by excessive emigration of population from the Balkans, which accelerates depopulation of the entire region. The author believes that the problems which arise because of this process can lead to a permanent lag in the development of the Balkans compared to the EU. Depopulation can result in the long-term weakening of state institutions and violating the collective rights of the Balkan peoples, and turning the entire region into a “migrant waiting room” for the European Union.
Analysis of the regional integration theory on the example of the EAEU
Authors: Syssoyeva Rigina Valer'evna
Published: April 2024

The article is dedicated to the analysis of liberal intergovernmentalism by Andrew Moravcsik. It is applied to study integration communities all around the world and is relevant for examining the EAEU. A.Moravcsik distinguishes three stages of the integration process: formation of national preferences (priorities), intergovernmental bargaining and realisation of its commitments at the institutional level. At the third stage institutions are endowed with supranational authority, which becomes possible through pooling or delegation of sovereignties. Applying this model, the author describes the reasons for making the Eurasian choice. They include the common need to develop transnational cooperation, enlarge the market for local producers and protect it from third parties, present the Union as an independent actor of international relations. The author gives examples of cases of the negotiation process around signing the Treaty on the EAEU and demonstrates issue-linkages based on asymmetrical interdependence within the Union. The study analyses the institutional implementation of interstate agreements and activities of the Eurasian Economic Commission, which is the supranational body of the EAEU. The Commission regulates different aspects of integration processes in the common markets for goods, services, capital and labor. The article proves that liberal intergovernmentalism is applicable to the case of Eurasian integration.
Europe in the crisis world: pressing issues, unobvious solutions
Authors: Khudoley Konstantin Konstantinovich
Published: April 2024

The article analyses the main trends in the development of modern Europe in the context of the world crisis and the profound transformation of international relations based on the collective monograph “Europe in a Crisis World” edited by Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Al.A. Gromyko. A wide range of problems is considered, including Europe's place in the emerging new balance of power in the world and the strengthening of decentralisation and regional integration processes, the strengths and weaknesses of the European strategy to counter the coronavirus pandemic, the new configuration that has emerged in Europe due to Britain's withdrawal from the EU and the development of integration processes in the post-Soviet space. A particular emphasis is given to the complexity and contradictory processes in Europe's economic and social spheres, calling into question the likelihood of deepening integration within the EU. The problems of European security and the prospects of relations between Russia and the West, including European associations and states, are considered separately.
Numerical Simulation of the Interaction of High-Velocity Plasma Jets Injected in the Earth’s Ionosphere
Authors: Losseva T. V. , Urvachev E. M. , Zetser Yu. I. , Lyakhov A. N. , Kosarev I. B. , Poklad Yu. V.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents a numerical simulation of the dynamics of high-velocity aluminum plasma jets with multiple injection in the Earth’s ionosphere. Scenarios of single injection, counter injection, and collimation of plasma jets at a given convergence angle are considered. The gas-dynamic parameters of plasma formations and their optical characteristics are determined.
Plasma Distribution in a Column of a Low-Pressure Microwave Discharge Sustained by a Standing Surface Wave
Authors: Zhukov V. I. , Karfidov D. M.
Published: April 2024

The structure of a low-pressure microwave discharge sustained by a standing surface electromagnetic wave (SEW) in a quartz tube filled with argon was studied. The standing wave was formed using a set of two flat metal mirrors, which formed an open SEW resonator. The plasma density profile and structure of the electromagnetic field of the SEW were studied in the pressure range from 0.25 to 10 Torr. The excitation of the standing wave allowed us to independently study the longitudinal Ez and transverse Er components of the SEW electric field vector. It was confirmed experimentally that the oscillation phases of the components of the SEW are shifted by π. The excitation of the standing wave in the plasma column leads to the formation of local minimums and maximums of plasma density, whose period equals half the wavelength of the surface wave. At the same time, the spatial period of density modulation is close to the distribution of the Ez component of the standing SEW. It was shown that the formation time of the modulated structure of plasma density is close to the characteristic time of diffusion, while the degree of modulation increases with increasing pressure. It was shown experimentally that it is possible to produce a plasma column with plasma density modulation nemax/nemin ≈ 5 and a length of about 10 wavelengths.
Plasma Stored Energy Analysis during Neutral Beam Injection
in the Globus-M2 Tokamak Using the Pet Equilibrium Code
and Diamagnetic Measurements
Authors: Tkachenko E. E. , Sakharov N. V. , Kavin A. A. , Kurskiev G. S. , Zhil’tsov N. S. , Miroshnikov I. V. , Petrov Yu. V. , Minaev V. B. , Bakharev N. N. , Kiselev E. O. , Novokhatskii A. N. , Mineev A. B. , Solokha V. V. , Tel’nova A. Yu. , Tyukhmeneva E. A. , Khromov N. A. , Shchegolev P. B.
Published: April 2024

The thermal energy stored in plasma Wp, normalized internal plasma inductance li and currentbeta bi are calculated via the free-boundary equilibrium PET code. The equilibrium reconstruction algorithmis iterative method of minimizing two parameters, the distance between the reconstructed plasmaboundary and that simulated by the PET code, as well as the difference between the plasma diamagnetic fluxfrom PET and the experimental one. The discharges from the Globus-M2 tokamak with a toroidal magneticfield up to 0.9 T and a plasma current of 0.3–0.4 MA in a mode with auxiliary heating by two atomic injectorsare analyzed. The possibility of using approximate formulas for estimating and is considered. The measureddiamagnetic flux is used to determine bdia and then to calculate Wdia . The normalized internal plasmainductance is additionally determined from the measured vertical magnetic field under the assumption that bp=bdia.
The Influence of Small F2, H2, and HF Additives on the Concentration of Active Particles in Tetrafluoromethane Plasma
Authors: Efremov A. M. , Smirnov S. A. , Betelin V. B.
Published: April 2024

A comparative study of the effect of small (up to 20%) substituting additives F2, H2, and HF on the kinetics and stationary concentrations of neutral particles in 50% CF4 + 50% Ar plasma under the typical conditions of reactive ion etching (RIE) of silicon and its compounds is carried out. It is shown that the vari-ation of the CF4/F2 and CF4/H2 ratios leads to opposite, interrelated, and nonadditive changes in the con-centrations of fluorine atoms and fluorocarbon radicals. This provides wide ranges of regulation of the etch-ing rate and polymerization capacity with the minimal disturbance of the parameters of the electronic and ionic components of the plasma. In contrast, the CF4/HF relation has the minimal effect on the rate of sur-face polymerization, but noticeably changes the concentration of fluorine atoms. Thus, there is a selective effect on the rate of the heterogeneous chemical reaction.
The traumatic experience of ostarbeiters and ways of overcoming it in soviet and post-soviet memorial culture
Authors: Zakharina E. A , Krinko E. F
Published: April 2024

For a long time, the Ostarbeiters were silent figures in the field of historical memory, unable to speak openly about the tragic events of their past. This article examines how former Ostarbeiters overcame their traumatic experiences in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. We have turned to a wide range of sources which help us to look at the issue from different angles, and draw attention to the place occupied by former Ostarbeiters in the official narrative of the Great Patriotic War and in the memorial space. We further trace the origins and development of artistic images of Ostarbeiters, using literature and cinematography. Finally, we specifically examine the problems of interaction between the Ostarbeiters and another group of victims of National Socialism - the prisoners of the concentration camps - and draw on interviews to analyze the characteristic narratives of the Ostalbaiters and their strategies for recounting their past.
Return of the stolen god: the sora cult of Mattar Banom (an ethnolinguistic analysis)
Authors: Renkovskaya E. A
Published: April 2024

The article describes the religion of Mattar Banom, the cult of the autochthonous script of the Sora language, created in the 1930s in the state of Odisha, India, at the same time as script itself. The newly invented script (Sorang-Sompeng) is considered to be the incarnation of the god Jagannath who, according to Hindu beliefs, was originally the god of the Savara tribe (supposed ancestors of the Sora) but then was taken away from them by the Oriya Brahmins. Each character of the script is dedicated to a certain deity of the traditional Sora pantheon. The article deals with the social prerequisites, conditions and goals of creating the cult, as well as the history of its development. I attempt to examine and reconstruct cult modification strategies through the ethnolinguistic analysis of the inscription on the iconographic image of the god-alphabet, religious texts, and cult terminologies. I argue that the cult was originally based on the tantric ideas common in Odisha, while the ideas of Jagannath and letters associated with deities appeared later in the course of the cult's development.
How indigenous australians try to preserve themselves
Authors: Artemova O. Y , Artemova Y. A
Published: April 2024

The article discusses personal and collective life ways of native people residing in remote settlements of the Cape York Peninsula, Australia, and offers a number of observations on the native population of Central Australia. It is drawn on the authors’ field materials collected in 2005, 2007-2009, 2015, and 2022. If set against the backdrop of the likewise framed project exploring the Evens and Evenkis of Eastern Siberia, the situation in faraway settlements of Australian Aboriginal people manifests both substantial similarities and important differences. Neither in the past when the colonization began to unfold, nor in the present did the Aboriginal people, for the most part, willingly join the commercial and entrepreneurial activities of the Australian mainstream circles or get involved in trade and economic relationships with the newcomers. They rather resisted, and still do, the authorities' and entrepreneurs' attempts at getting them involved in such relationships. We argue that the underlying reason behind that is the very character of the local traditional culture, the key aspects of which are consciously and resiliently preserved - even if sometimes in a transformed or deviant manner - by the native people.
From the first to the third wave of COVID-19: dynamics of anxious behavior in large Russian cities (Moscow and Rostov-on-Don)
Authors: Burkova V. N , Butovskaya M. L , Ermakov A. M
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has created the worst public health crisis in modern history. Stress in the face of the disease threat, a global restructuring of the common way of life, uncertainty and fears for the health and well-being of relatives and friends have led to an increase in anxiety among the population of all countries. Important risk factors for increased stress during the pandemic are sex, age, epidemiological experience, and place of residence. Large cities become centers of the spread of diseases due to the high population density, high mobility, and the presence of large transport hubs. The article examines the dynamics of anxious behavior during three waves of COVID-19 in 2020-2021, taking the cases of two largest Russian cities - Moscow and Rostov-on-Don (total sample - 4884 people). The analysis explains the regional and sex differences in anxious behavior and demonstrates the two main trends: on the one hand, there is an adaptation to the prolonged stress; on the other hand, the numbers of respondents with anxiety and depressive disorders are increasing, which may indicate the presence of post-traumatic stress.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR MANAGING SELENIUM DISTRIBUTION IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF SULFATE LEACHING OF FUSED PRODUCTS AT "THE NORILSK NICKEL HARJAVALTA OY" ENTERPRISE
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikolay Sergeevich , Virginie Suhonen , Naboychenko S. S , Mamyachenkov S. V , Naftal' Mikhail Naftol'evich , Bryukvin V. A
Published: April 2024

The nickel refining company "Norilsk Nickel Harjavalta Oy" (NNH) produces three main types of nickel products: cathode nickel, nickel powders (briquettes), nickel salts. The decisive role in achieving high performance and guaranteed quality the nature of the impurities distribution and their behavior control, in particular selenium, plays a role in nickel products. Selenium has a sharply negative effect on the process of obtaining a cathode nickel base. At elevated concentrations in nickel-cobalt solution, this impurity makes it impossible to stable obtain commercial nickel cathodes. The study of the selenium behavior patterns in the processing circuit of metallurgical intermediates, such as feinstein and stein of electric slag-cleaning furnace (ESCF), made it possible to make the necessary changes to the technological scheme of the NNH leaching shop and to clarify the operating parameters of the main operations. A hypothesis is proposed about the possible mechanism of the effect of metallized fraction (alloy) contained in the feedstock on the process of reducing Se6+ to Se4+. The experiments performed confirmed the direct dependence of the selenium deposition degree from the solution to the solid precipitate from the alloy content in the feedstock. It has been established that by combining the applied ESCF matte with feinstein and/or nickel concentrate (NC) from feinstein separation, it is possible to effectively control the distribution of selenium in NNH technology, preventing its critical concentrations in nickel catholyte. Based on the research results, a two-flow scheme for processing processed products has been implemented, in which it is envisaged to use a combination of NC and products with a high content of metallized fraction. This method allowed to minimize the concentration of selenium in nickel catholyte.
INTERACTION OF EXOGENOUS NANOPHASES OF ZIRCONIUM OXIDE WITH TIN IN NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS
Authors: Anuchkin S. N , Aleksandrov A. A , Filippov K. S
Published: April 2024

The processes of interaction of exogenous nanoparticles of refractory compounds ZrO2 with model nickel-base superalloys, containing tin, were studied. It was shown that, under laboratory conditions, the degree of tin removal in the metal after the introduction of ZrO2 nanoparticles depended on the time of isothermal holding and amounted to 11–18 rel.%. The content of various forms of zirconium after the experiments was determined and it was shown that the amount of ZrO2 removed from the metal to the interface of the phases Me-(refractory, slag, gas) was on average 50 rel.%.
CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITIES IN MAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTORS Dy1–xErxRh3,8Ru0,2B4 (x=0,2;0,4)
Authors: Lachenkov S. A , Vlasenko V. A , Kirillova V. M , Dement'ev V. A , Sdobyrev V. V
Published: April 2024

Rhodium borides of the compositions Dy0,8Er0,2Rh3,8Ru0,2B4 and Dy0,6Er0,4Rh3,8Ru0,2B4 were synthesized on the basis of the compound DyRh3,8Ru0,2B4 by partial substitution of dysprosium (Dy) with erbium (Er) with a LuRu4B4 type structure. The dependences of χ-1(T), M(B) and Bc2(T) were studied for these compounds. It is established that the compounds Dy0,8Er0,2Rh3,8Ru0,2B4 and Dy0,6Er0,4Rh3,8Ru0,2B4 are magnetic superconductors with a critical temperature Tc ≈ 5.1 and 5.8 K, respectively; at T ≈ 3 K the magnetic subsystem of these compounds goes into the antiferromagnetic state. Based on measurements of the magnetic moment from the field (M(B)) for samples of compounds Dy0,8Er0,2Rh3,8Ru0,2B4 and Dy0,6Er0,4Rh3,8Ru0,2B4, using the Bean model, dependences on the field of the critical current density jc(B) and the reduced pinning force fp(h) are obtained. The value of jc in the studied samples did not exceed 400 A/cm2 at T ≈ 2 K. It is established that in the case of magnetic superconductors with antiferromagnetic ordering (Dy0,8Er0,2Rh3,8Ru0,2B4 and Dy0,6Er0,4Rh3,8Ru0,2B4) at h 0.4 there is a significant deviation from the law of similarity.
INVESTIGATION OF A TWO-STAGE LEACHING METHOD OF WEST AFRICAN BAUXITE
Authors: Balmaev B. G , Tuzhilin A. S , Vetchinkina T. N
Published: April 2024

A two-stage method of leaching west african bauxite is considered. Optimal conditions of bauxite leaching under atmospheric and autoclave conditions have been determined. The dependences of the bauxite pulp deposition on time with the addition of different doses of flocculant are constructed.
HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF PIPE STEELS
Authors: Pumpyanskiy D. A , Pyshmintsev I. Yu , Khatkevich V. M , Khudnev A. A
Published: April 2024

A review of literature data on the interaction of hydrogen with metallic materials is presented. The main damage processes such as high-temperature hydrogen corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) are reviewed. The most common mechanisms of HE are described. The well-known regularities and issues of the influence of the chemical composition, structure, hydrogen concentration, temperature and strain rate on the development of HE are generalized, and the results of our own studies of the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of pipe steels are presented.
INVESTIGATION OF FRACTURE MECHANISMS OF 09G2S STEEL ACOUSTIC EMISSION METHOD
Authors: Penkin A. G , Bannykh I. O , Minina N. A , Teplov A. O
Published: April 2024

The destruction mechanism during static stretching of flat samples of structural steel 09G2S in a defect-free state and with an artificial defect in the form of a fatigue crack are studied using the method of acoustic emission and fractographic analysis of surface violations.
INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF PROCESSING KAOLIN CLAYS OF THE SUVOROV DEPOSIT TO OBTAIN COAGULANTS
Authors: Balmaev B. G , Tuzhilin A. S , Vetchinkina T. N , Zablotskaya Yu. V
Published: April 2024

The mineral and chemical compositions of the Suvorov depositkaolin clay have been studied using X-ray phase and atomic emission spectrometry with induction plasma. The conditions of thermal calcination and decomposition of kaolin clay with sulfuric and hydrochloric acids are optimized: the calcination temperature is 650-700 °C; the calcination duration is 60-90 minutes. The extraction degree of Al2O3 from calcined clay into sulfuric acid solutions was 92-94%, into hydrochloric acid solutions — 76-78%. The effect of different flocculants on the separation of liquid and solid phases is investigated. It is shown that the use of polyacrylamide increases the filtration rate by 1.5—2 times. The coagulating properties of aluminum sulfate and hydroxochlorides were studied: oxidizability, color, concentration of aluminum and iron in the treated water. The tested coagulants can be effectively used in the purification of drinking and wastewater at low and high temperatures in a wide pH range of treated waters.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES AND EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATIONS FOR DETERMINING THE HEAT CAPACITY OF IRON ORE MATERIALS
Authors: Yur'ev B. P , Dudko V. A
Published: April 2024

One of the most important thermophysical pellets characteristics is considered — their heat capacity, which affects the technological production process of iron ore pellets at the stage of their heat treatment in a layer on a conveyor belt. Since the physical heat capacity of materials is determined by the enthalpy value, the mixing method is used to measure the latter, which is implemented on an installation with an adiabatic calorimeter. The research object is Kachkanar pellets of different basicity. The average values of the pellets enthalpy and their physical heat capacity, taking into account changes in the phase and chemical composition of the material, are presented in the interpolation equations form. The temperature dependences of the apparent heat capacity of pellets of various basicity at different heating rates were determined using a newly created experimental setup that allows determining the complex of thermophysical characteristics. Estimates of the enthalpy change and the dependence of the apparent heat capacity on temperature for fluxed and unfluxed concentrates of Sokolovsko-Sarbaysky mining and processing plant were carried out on an experimental installation using the method of quantitative thermal analysis. The presented methods for determining the enthalpy and heat capacity of iron ore pellets and concentrates, as well as the designs created for the implementation of these methods can be used to determine the heat capacities of various materials of metallurgical production and to optimize the operating parameters of their heat treatment.
Main Events of the Geological History of Cyprus in the Late Cretaceous
Authors: Bragin N. Y. , Вишневская В.С.
Published: April 2024

The Upper Cretaceous biostratigraphy (radiolarians and planktonic foraminifers) of Cyprus and stratigraphic position of several formations and units are detalized after long-time studies. Main geologic events are dated more precisely, main stages of Late Cretaceous geological history of Cyprus are proposed: (1) early Turonian: completing of sedimentation and formation of the Mamonia Complex; (2) middle Turonian–early Campanian: collision of Troodos and Mamonia complexes, metamorphism of Mamonia units and hydrothermal activity of Troodos Complex, after it – formation of the Mamonia Mélange and beginning of development of Mamonia nappes; (3) middle to late Campanian: formation of Kyrenian volcanic arc, deposition of pyroclastic sediments of the Kannaviou Formation, and in the end of stage – completing of Mamonia nappes and deposition of the Moni Formation (olistostrome); (4) latest Campanian–middle part of Maastrichtian: deposition of the Kathikas Formation (debris flows) during erosion of underwater relief, formed by the development of Mamonia nappe system; (5) late Maastrichtian: domination of deep-water carbonate deposition (the Lefkara Formation).
New Data on Planktonic Foraminifera and Ostracods of the Barremian(?)–Aptian of Eastern Crimea: Stratigraphy and Paleoecology
Authors: Karpuk M. S. , Вишневская В.С.
Published: April 2024

Planktonic foraminifera and ostracods of the upper Barremian (?)–lower Aptian of the Kokluk section (Eastern Crimea) are studied. Three interval-zones are established based on foraminifera: Globigerinelloides blowi, Hedbergella ruka and H. excelsa. Beds with H. ruka are described as a zone. Based on ostracods, Robsoniella minima–Loxoella variealveolata Zone and Beds with Cytheropteron tesakovae are determined. An interval possibly corresponding to OAE 1a is ascertained. Species C. tesakovae is described as new. The Kokluk section is correlated with coeval sections Verkhorechie (South-Western Crimea) and Zavodskaya balka (Eastern Crimea). Paleoecological analyses of the Kokluk section is made.
Taxonomical Diversity of Cenomanian-Turonian Dinocyst in the Northern Hemisphere: Some Aspects of Paleobiogeography and Paleoclimatology
Authors: Lebedeva N. K. , Шурекова О.В.
Published: April 2024

Taxonomic typification of dinocyst assemblages was carried out on the basis of a qualitative and quantitative assessment of their generic composition for the Northern Hemisphere in the Cenomanian-Turonian time in order to identify correlation taxa. Three types of dinocyst assemblages were identified in the Cenomanian. Cenomanian dinocyst assemblages are poorly differentiated; a large number of cosmopolitan genera was identified, which is in good agreement with paleobotanical data on a very warm, humid climate. Three types of dinocyst assemblages were established for the Turonian age. The number of cosmopolitan genera of dinocysts decreases, and species endemism sharply increases in individual Turonian basins. The differentiation of assemblages increases and their correlation potential decreases. However, the identified common genera and species of dinocysts in different types of assemblages provide the possibility of interregional correlation of Upper Cretaceous deposits at the stage, substage, and, at some sections, even more detailed levels in different climatic zones.
New Spore and Pollen Data from the Upper Eocene Deposits of the Sambian Peninsula, Kaliningrad Oblast
Authors: Kuzmina O. B. , Iakovleva A. I. , Попов С.В.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of the study of continental palynomorphs from the amber-bearing Upper E-ocene deposits in the Primorsky quarry (Kaliningrad Oblast, southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea). Three spore and pollen assemblages were identified and calibrated with the dinoflagellate cyst Rhombodinium perforatum and Thalassiphora reticulata zones. The “Blue Earth” Member of the Prussian Formation of the early Priabonian age is characterized by the Tricolporopollenites exactus–T. retiformis–Quercoidites microhenrici assemblage. The upper Priabonian “Upper Quicksand” and “White Wall” members of the Prussian Formation and the Palvé Formation are characterized by the Platanipollis ipelensis–Castaneoideaepollis oviformis–Tricolpopollenites foraminatus assemblage. The Inaperturopollenites–Sciadopityspollenites–Sequoiapollenites assemblage was recognized in the uppermost Palvé and lowermost Kurshskaya formations of the terminal Priabonian age. During the late Eocene the climatic conditions on the territory of the modern southern Baltic area were quite warm and humid, close to subtropical ones. Mixed coniferous-broad-leaved forests grew along the shores of the marine paleostrait, while the open spaces were occupied by heat-loving evergreen and moderately heat-loving deciduous shrubs and low-lying land areas were swamped. At the end of the Priabonian, a gradual regression of the sea basin began, which led to an increase in swampy areas on land, while the climate was still quite warm and humid.
Frequency of Endogenous Events in Western Transbaikalia and Northern Mongolia (Eastern Segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt) According to U–Pb Dating of Detrital Zircon Grains from Modern Fluvial Deposits
Authors: Tsygankov A. A. , Khubanov V. B. , Burmakina G. N. , Buyantuev M. D. , Котов А.Б.
Published: April 2024

Based on the correlation of U–Pb isotopic age of detrital zircon grains from modern fluvial deposits of the largest rivers of Western Transbaikalia and Northern Mongolia and U–Pb isotopic ages of bedrock of the Mongol-Transbaikal sector of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, five main stages of formation and processing of the continental crust are identified in the region: (1) the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic stage (2.7–1.7 Ga), corresponding to the global crust-forming processes of the Precambrian cratons’ basement formation; (2) the Neoproterozoic (early and late Baikal) and (3) the Early Paleozoic (Caledonian) stages reflecting the processes of formation of juvenile crust through island-arc magmatism and accretion of island arcs, which led to the formation of folded structures of the southern margin of the Siberian craton; (4) the Late Paleozoic and (5) Early-Middle Mesozoic stages reflecting the processing of the Early Precambrian and Caledonian crust through intraplate magmatism and riftogenesis. It is shown that the peak values of the probability density distribution curve of the detrital zircon grains’ age depend on various, often unrelated factors, such as the absolute age of the rock, the area of the eroded surface, the amount of zircon in rocks of different composition, the distance of transport, etc., therefore, the statistics of age distribution cannot be considered as an indicator of the intensity of endogenous events. The absence of Cenozoic grains of detrital zircon in the fluvial deposits of the region where basalt volcanism of this time is widely manifested (Mongolia, Baikal region) indicates that endogenous events, which are mainly expressed in basalts, are not manifested in the “zircon chronicle”.
NEUROARCHAEOLOGY – NEW PROSPECTS, OLD PROBLEMS
Authors: Kuznetsov Anatoly M.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the main ideas of British neuroarchaeology and American cognitive archaeology as well as their practical implementation. Neuro/cognitive archaeology is a new area of research that emerged at the junction of the social/cultural neuro/cognitive sciences and Palaeolithic archaeology. The basis of this line of research is the concept of “social brain”, which views this organ as a social/cultural “artifact”. Such an interpretation suggests that brain activity as well as another important human quality, mind, should be considered in conjunction with its corporeality and external environment. This idea has been further developed by L. Malafouris in his material engagement theory. He connected the mind with the ability to think and with tools in a process of tool activity. However, for the correct application of this theory, it is crucial to distinguish between ancient tools from natural mediators used by animals. The introduction of this distinction permits to establish an unambiguous connection of the emergence of tool making and mind with the beginning of the Oldowan. The previous stage of development (from 7 to 2.6 million years) was the period of the formation of preconditions for the transition that marked the beginning of the sociocultural development of our most ancient ancestors, which influenced their biosocial nature.
ITEMS OF THE BARBARIAN ENAMEL CIRCLE IN THE STATE HISTORICAL MUSEUM COLLECTION: SOURCE ANALYSIS AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Birkina Natalia A.
Published: April 2024

The article publishes a collection of items of the barbarian enamel circle kept in the State Historical Museum, describes the circumstances of finding the items, and refines the context of the finds based on the documents stored in the museum. The author summarizes and supplements currently available data on the chronology of the items. Some adornments are published for the first time, previously they have not been considered in the context of the East European champlevé circle. This became possible owing to research on the technological methods used in their creation as well as some of the ornamental features. For all objects, the results of use-and-wear analysis are given to the extent allowed by the preservation of a certain item and the restoration measures applied on it.
FEATURES OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE KUBAN POPULATION IN THE GOLDEN HORDE PERIOD (based on the materials of the Natukhaevskoye 5 cemetery)
Authors: Petrova Kristina A.
Published: April 2024

The article presents for the first time the results of a palaeodemographic study of a sample of the remains of the buried from the medieval mound-pit cemetery of Natukhaevskoye 5 studied in 2013–2014. Due to its favourable geographical conditions, this region has long been a zone of active interethnic contacts, which was reflected in a wide variety of funeral rites. The archaeological context allows us to divide the sample into 2 groups: stone cists and grave pits. The analysis of the main palaeodemographic characteristics revealed discrepancies in the sex and age composition and life expectancy of the two population groups. The first point of difference observed is the predominance of male burials in stone cists and female burials in pits; the second one is manifested in a uniform distribution of mortality of those buried in stone cists (ranging from 15 to 44 years old) against the background of the pronounced mortality peak at 25–29 in the sample of pit burials. To compare the obtained data, materials from synchronous series of Golden Horde necropolises were used showing significant local diversity.
THE FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT OF DEMIDOVKA IN SMOLENSK REGION. STRATIGRAPHY, SOILS, STRUCTURES, POTTERY, ANIMAL BONES
Authors: Krenke Nikolay A. , Tavlintseva Ekaterina Yu. , Raeva Vera A. , Pevzner Maria M. , Lopatina Olga A. , Ershov Ivan N. , Ganichev Kirill A. , Volkov Vladislav A. , Begunova Viktoria V. , Savinetsky Arkady B. , Aleksandrovsky Aleksandr L. , Lopatin Nikolay V. , Chaukin Sergey N.
Published: April 2024

The article presents new results of studying the reference fortified settlement of Demidovka in Smolensk Region, Russian Federation, the lower date of which is the 7th (8th) century BC, the upper one is 6th century AD. The authors analyze museum collections (Smolensk) of the 1960s excavations that have not been covered in the publications, drawing records from the archive of the Institute of Archaeology RAS, data from palaeosoil and geochemical studies. As part of the study, additional test excavations were conducted, which made it possible to clarify the stratigraphy of the site and refine the plan of the “big house” – the residence of a noble family member (nobile) of the 5th century AD. A significant series of radiocarbon dates has been obtained, and an archaeozoological collection has been assembled that characterizes the diet of the settlement dwellers.