bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KADAR AIR, DOSIS DAN LAMA PENGENDAPAN KOAGULAN SERBUK BIJI KELOR SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU
Authors: Ayu Ridaniati Bangun  , Siti Aminah  , Rudi Anas Hutahaean  , M. Yusuf Ritonga
Published: October 2019

Liquid waste industrial of wheys contain very high organic materials. Organic compounds in the effluent are proteins, carbohydrates, fats and oils. Based on the results of field studies on Industry Hall of liquid waste industrial characteristics of whey in Medan, it is known that liquid waste industrial of wheys contain average BOD (4583 mg/l), COD (7050 mg/l), TSS (4743 mg/l ) and oil or fat (26 mg/l ) at pH 6.1. Therefore, the whey waste water must be treated before it is discharged into the environment to reduce the contaminants that accompany the waste. One alternative that can be used as a coagulant is moringa seed powder. This study used of moringa seed powder with a water content of 7 %. Variations of coagulant dosage which are used 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 mg/200 ml liquid waste industrial of whey, coagulant particle size 50 and 70 mesh with the initial pH about 4. The optimum deposition time is obtained 60 minutes with 77.43 % reduction in turbidity, TSS 90.32 %, and 63.26 % COD in 5000 mg/200 ml dosage of coagulant and coagulant particle size of 70 mesh with the final pH about 4, it can be concluded that moringa seeds can be used as an effective coagulant because the reductions were obtained over 50 %.
PENGARUH MASSA RAGI DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI TERHADAP BIOETANOL DARI BIJI DURIAN
Authors: Farida Hanum  , Nurhasmawaty Pohan  , Mulia Rambe  , Ratih Primadony  , Mei Ulyana
Published: October 2019

Bioethanol  is the ethanol made from plants that contains starch, sugar, and the others cellulose plants. This study uses durian seeds that contain carbohydrate and sugar as basic material and the purpose is to make bioethanol  from durian seeds with the variation of yeast mass added and fermentation time. The variables used were the changes of yeast mass 3%; 6%; and 9%, fermentation pH was 4,5, and fermentation times were 0; 24; 48; 72; and 96 hours. The results of experiment were the bioethanol concentration was 18.9988% at the yeast mass 6% with 48 hour for the fermentation.
KAJIAN AWAL PEMBUATAN FILM PLASTIK (BAHAN PLASTIK PENGEMAS) DARI PATI BATANG UBI KAYU
Authors: Harrison Situmorang  , M. Hendra S. Ginting
Published: October 2019

Starch plastic films made ​​from cassava stem starch by using glycerol as plasticizer and acetic acid as a catalyst gelatinized at 75 °C for 15 minutes. Starch weight, water volume, glycerol volume, and acetic acid volume were varied. The variation conditions of 3 ml of acetic acid volume (3:10 w/w) and 2 ml of glycerol volume (1:4 w/w) gave the best of tensile strength and elongation at break analysis. While at water volume variation, the tensile strength value is inversely proportional to the elongation at break. In FTIR analysis found that α-1,6 glycosidic (1010 cm-1) spectrum disappears as the effect of acetic acid presence, while the spectrum of α-1,4 glycosidic, COH, C=O, and OH shifted as the plasticization effect.
EKSTRAKSI PIGMEN ANTOSIANIN DARI KULIT RAMBUTAN (NEPHELIUM LAPPACEUM) DENGAN PELARUT METANOL
Authors: Elvi Rasida Florentina Hutapea  , Laura Olivia Siahaan  , Rondang Tambun
Published: October 2019

Rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum) is a kind of tropical fruits which come from Malaysia and Indonesia. Their red coloured rinds have not used yet effectively and the red coloured may be due to anthocyanin that can be used for natural colours. The purpose of this research is to know the optimal conditions of the extraction of anthocyanin, they are particle size of rambutan rind, temperature and extraction time. Analysis of the anthocyanin use spectrophotometer UV-Vis to detect the wavelength and the absorbance of the anthocyanin. The best conditions are rambutan rind milled by blender at temperature 50 0C and extraction time for 6 hours. These conditions give the highest color intensity having 1,6103 of maximal absorbancy, 55,7659 mg/mL of anthocyanin concentration and 0,2788% of rendement.
PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT DAN TEMPERATUR REAKSI PADA SINTESIS SURFAKTAN DARI ASAM OLEAT DAN n-METIL GLUKAMINA DENGAN KATALIS KIMIA
Authors: Jojor Rohana Oppusunggu  , Vinta Rutliana Siregar  , Zuhrina Masyithah
Published: October 2019

Surfactants are molecules that also has a hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group that can unify a mixture consisting of water and oil. Alkanolamide is one type of nonionic surfactants are widely used in everyday life. In this study, will be observed the influence of the type of solvent and reaction temperature on the synthesis of surfactant alkanolamide n -methyl glukamine and oleic acid from palm oil with sodium methoxide catalyst. This study aims to determine the value of the hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB), pH and surface tension of surfactant, by observing the effect of the type of solvent and reaction temperature. This research was conducted by using a flask at 90 ° C, 110 ° C, 130 ° C for 3 hours reaction time, substrate ratio of 1: 2, the stirring speed of 150 rpm and a catalyst concentration of 0.4% (w/w). In the amidation reaction samples taken from the flask every 1 hour for 3 hours and then the results of this amidation reaction was washed with acetone solvent to separate the catalyst. Results washing then purified by heating at 90°C to evaporate the solvent surfactant products hexane and butanol. Results containing surfactant in the analysis with Hydrophilic Liphophilic Balance Method, surface tension and FT-IR spectrophotometry. Based on this research, the optimal conditions at a temperature of 110oC, reaction time 3 hours at the solvent ratio 2: 1. From the analysis of surfactant oleoil n-Methyl glukamine values obtained HLB in the range of 11,53 HLB in accordance with the standard detergent.
PENGARUH RASIO MOLAR SUBSTRAT DAN KONSENTRASI KATALIS PADA PEMBUATAN DECYL POLIGLIKOSIDA DARI D-GLUKOSA DAN DEKANOL
Authors: Rap Leanon  , Walad Wirawan  , Zuhrina Masyithah
Published: October 2019

There are two methods to produce alkyl polyglucoside (APG) which are direct method and indirect method. In this research, APG synthesize with direct method that involves by directly reacting d-glucose with decanol with molar ratio variation of d-glucose:decanol are 1:10; 2:10; 4:10 and 6:10 (mol GL/mol C10) and HCl concentration as catalyst variation are 0,5; 1; 1,5 dan 2 (% based on weight of d-glucose) in 3 hours with temperature reaction is 95 0C. Next process is neutralizing with strong base (NaOH) until pH value is about 8-10 then the aqueous solutions are distillated with vacuum distillation. This research analyze density, yield and wavelength. Decyl polyglycoside synthetic optimum results best density value is 1,05 gr/mL in molar ratio of d-glucose:decanol 2:10 (mol GL/mol C10) and catalyst concentration 0,5%. Best yield in molar ratio of d-glucose:decanol 2:10 (mol GL/mol C10) and catalyst consentration 1,5% (% based on weight of d-glucose) with yield value is 84,09 %. Wavelength analysis of ether and OH linkage with Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy detected ether (COC) linkage at wavenumber 1032,33 cm-1 and OH groups detected at wavenumber 3365,21 cm-1.
PENGARUH SUHU PIROLISIS DAN JUMLAH KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERHADAP YIELD DAN KUALITAS BAHAN BAKAR CAIR DARI LIMBAH PLASTIK JENIS POLIPROPILENA
Authors: Rio Nazif  , Erlangga Wicaksana  , Halimatuddahliana
Published: October 2019

The energy usage in Indonesia generally increase by the population growth, the economic growth and technology. Today, national demands of plastic is quite large and it continues to grow by the population growth. Plastics consumption in Indonesia is about 10 kg per capita annualy. One of the methode to reuse the plastic waste is making it to the liquid fuel by pyrolisis process. It is possible to do because the plastic is consist of monomers which will form the polymer. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of process variable (process temperature and active carbon catalyst) for yield and the quality of liquid fuel from polypropylene packaging glass plastic waste. Quality parameters that have been analyzed consist of density, specific gravity / API gravity, kinematic viscosity, heating value, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) characteristic, Gas Chromatography - Mass Spektrofotometer (GC-MS) characteristic, the pyrolisis process was using semi batch stainless steel unstirred reactor. Pyrolysis process was used 500 gram of polypropylene (PP) packaging glass plastic waste. Then carbon active catalyst is added by ratio catalyst : propilene (w/w) were 1 :10; 1,5 : 10 ; 2 : 10 ; 2,5 : 10 ; dan 3 : 10. Temperature variables were 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C dan 350 °C and it’s maintained in 2 hours. The last step was condensation, then the quality parameter of liquid product was analysed. From  GC-MS analysis, the liquid product of pyrolisis most contains diesel fraction hydrocarbon that is C8 till C21. The pyrolisis temperature which produce the hydrocarbon near the best quality diesel  is at 300 °C with ratio active carbon : PP is 10:2, and the analysis to the liquid fuel product claims that the liquid fuel is near to the best quality diesel, which fullfills the standard from commercial diesel.
ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU DENGAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT DURIAN MENGGUNAKAN KOH DAN NaOH SEBAGAI AKTIVATOR
Authors: Farida Hanum  , Rikardo Jgst Gultom  , Maradona Simanjuntak
Published: October 2019

Durian is a kind of tropical fruits which can grow well in Indonesia. Durian is containing 60-75% shell. Durian shell could be a potential alternative to activated carbon because it contains 57.42% carbon. The aim of this research is to know the effect of contact time and  stirring speed to activated carbon adsorption capacity from durian shell with KOH and NaOH as activators. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) analysis showed the activation process effects on  absorption intensity  wavelength region and resulted in formation of C = C aromatic tape, so that the nature of the charcoal becomes more polar compared with the initial condition. Analysis using spectrophotometer UV-Vis to determine  absorbance and  final concentration of each variation of contact time and stirring speed. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH on stirring speed of 150 rpm and a contact time of 90 minutes is equal to 3.92 mg / g and 3.8 mg / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained by activation of KOH and NaOH during the stirring speed 130 rpm and a contact time of 120 minutes is equal to 1785.263 m2 / g and 1730.332 m2 / g respectively. The maximum surface area obtained from this research has met the standards of commercial activated carbon surface area was between 800-1800 m2/ g. Modeling pseudo second order presents a more representative adsorption data, a second order equation is based on the assumption that adsorption step is chemosorption.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TRACE METAL (MOLYBDENUM & SELENIUM) TERHADAP PEMBUATAN BIOGAS DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK DAN KOTORAN SAPI
Authors: Fatimah  , Grace Angelin
Published: October 2019

Trace metal are essential for the enzyme cofactors in methane formation, but its availability of natural is not enough  so that the necessary additional trace metal. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of addition Molybdenum (Mo) and Selenium (Se) as trace metal on the quality and quantity of biogas in anaerobic digesters. The study was carried out by mixing vegetables wastes, aquadest and cow manure that have been in a blender and then have been fermented for 30 days in variety of addition of trace metal Mo 10 mg/L, Se 10 mg/L and a mixture of Mo + Se 10 mg/L in an reactor batch of 4 L capacity. Operation in digesters, pH was maintained in range (6.5 – 8) and at temperature 25 – 30 oC. This research parameters that observed were volume biogas, pH, temperature, TS and VS. The highest of volume cumulative biogasin this experiment 630 ml are formed Mo + Se, with degradation average TS 26.69 % and VS 17.18 %.
EFEKTIFITAS JENIS DESIKAN DAN KECEPATAN UDARA TERHADAP PENYERAPAN UAP AIR DI UDARA
Authors: Rosdanelli Hasibuan  , Ivo Dian Sari Marbun
Published: October 2019

Dry air is widely used in many fields, but the excessive water vapor in the air will make some problem and should be minimized to get the required dry air. The purpose of this research to observe the effect of air velocity and various of desiccants on the absorption of water vapor in the air on the tray dryer. The process of absorption of water vapor  in the air performed with variations of the normal air velocity, 1.2 m/s, 2.3 m/s, and 3.6 m/s or volumetric rate of 0.059 m3/s; 0.113 m3/s; 0.178 m3/s and the type of desiccant of silica gel, alumina, and zeolite. Adsorption of water vapor in the air by desiccant was done by weighing the mass of desiccant before and after being crossed by air every interval of 60 minutes for 3 hours. Humidity measurement are performed on the upstream and downstream of the tray dryer to obtain a decrease in air humidity. The highest moisture adsorption using silica gel was obtained at velocities of 2.3 m/s and 3.6 m/s with adsorption of 0.266 grams water vapor / grams adsorbent and 0.264 grams water vapor / grams adsorbent as well as humidity of final air of 0.0194 kg water vapor/ kg dry air and 0.0198 kg water vapor/ kg dry air . The highest adsorption of water vapor using alumina was obtained at velocities of 2.3 m/s and 3.6 m/s with adsorption of 0.147 grams water vapor / gram adsorbent and 0.140 grams water vapor / gram adsorbent and the final humidity of 0.0207 kg water vapor / kg dry air and 0.0194 kg water vapor / kg dry air and the highest water vapor adsorption using zeolite was obtained at 3.6 m/s with the adsorption capacity of 0.130 grams water vapor / grams adsorbent and the final humidity of 0.0193 kg water vapor / kg dry air. Silica gel was the best desiccant in the process of moisture adsorption in air compared to alumina and zeolite.
EKSTRAKSI KALIUM DARI KULIT BUAH KAPUK (Ceiba petandra)
Authors: Chandra Sitorus  , Lilis Sukeksi  , Andy Junianto Sidabutar
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the best  of combustion time and temperature of ash production from kapok fruit peel ( Ceiba Petandra ) to get the most potassium. The experiment was begun to dry kapok  fruit peel for 24 hours at oven with temperature 110 oC and combustion to obtaine the ash from kapok fruit peel. The combustion was done by muffle furnace which time variables were from  3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours and burning temperature variables were from, 500 oC, 550 oC,600 oC, 650oC. The potassium that contained in ash have been extracted by distilled water with volume 30 ml  for 24 hours. Observed responses were normality, pH, ash content,  and potassium oxide content (% K2O). The best result of ash was in 3 hours with temperature 500 oC. The ash was analyzed by using AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, and 35.91 % of potassium oxide (K2O) content was obtained as maximum result.
PENGARUH RASIO RECYCLE TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOGAS MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR TANGKI BERPENGADUK BERBANTUKAN MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI PADA KONDISI TRANSISI (45 oC)
Authors: Bambang Trisakti  , Irvan  , M.Taufan Anantama  , Arbie Saldi Zusri  , Alfian Haikel Lubis  , Sri Eka Cahyani
Published: October 2019

Anaerobic digestion is one of solution to environmental problems and energy sources for current energy needs. In anaerobic digestion, organic material is degraded by bacteria, which is carried out without oxygen, and converts it to a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. POME can be degraded anaerobically in anaerobic digester to produce biogas. This study aims to increase the conversion of biogas produced using a 2 liter Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) type digester in the methanogenesis process by recycling the effluent produced through the ultrafiltration membrane in a transition condition (45oC). The process is carried out by varying the recycle ratio, which is 0%, 15% and 25% on HRT 6 days with a condition of pH 7 ± 0.2. The highest average biogas production was achieved at the 25% recycle ratio of 33.15 x 10-5 L / mg VS. day, with the composition of methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide each of 79%; 19%; and 0.006%, with degradation of VS and COD of 39.58% and 66.33% respectively. For the composition of the highest CH4 content obtained at a variation of the 15% recycle ratio which is equal to 85% while for the composition of carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide each is 14%; and 0.0076%.
Stabilitas Reaktor Uplow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket-Hollow Centered Packed Bed dalam Produksi Biogas pada Kondisi Ruangan
Authors: Dana Sembiring Surya , Irvan  , Trisakti Bambang , Novita Sari Sihombing Dewi
Published: October 2019

Anaerobic digestation was the docomposition of microbes from organic matter into methane, carbon dioxide, organic nutrients and compost in oxygen depletion and hydrogen gas. This study aimed to obtain the stability of the Uplow Anaerobic Sludge Hollow Centered Packed Bed reactor in biogas production at an ambient state that was seen through pH and alkalinity parameters. The process was carried out by varying hydraulic retention time, ei 45 days, 25 days, 10 days and 6 days with pH maintained 7 (±0,2). Analysis of pH and alkalinity was carried out to assess the stability of the reactor at ambient conditions using samples taken from the reactor overflow. The pH profile produced was relatively stable with a pH range between 5.8 - 7.2. The resulting alkalinity value was relatively stable with a pH range between 2,000-4,000 mg/L. The volume of biogas produced was 470 ml with concentration of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and trace hydrogen sulfide (H2S) respectively by 88.00%, 11.00% and 0.10%.
A novel approach to white liquor control in a continuous digester using the Box-Jenkins methodology to predict chip bulk density
Authors: MARCELO CORREIA FLÁVIO , HALLAK D’ANGELO JOSÉ VICENTE , APARECIDA MINGOTI SUELI
Published: October 2019

Alkali charge is one of the most relevant variables in the continuous kraft cooking process. The white liquor mass flow rate can be determined by analyzing the chip bulk density fed to the process. At the mills, the total time for this analysis usually is greater than the residence time in the digester. This can lead to an increasing error in the mass of white liquor added relative to the specified alkali charge. This paper proposes a new approach using the Box-Jenkins methodology to develop a dynamic model for predicting chip bulk density. Industrial data were gathered on 1948 observations over a period of 12 months from a Kamyr continuous digester at a bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp mill in Brazil. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were evaluated according to different statistical decision criteria, leading to the choice of ARIMA (2,0,2) as the best forecasting model, which was validated against a new dataset gathered during 2 months of operations. A combination of predictors has shown more accurate results compared to those obtained by laboratory analysis, allowing a reduction of around 25% of the chip bulk density error to the alkali addition amount.
An elliptical pore model for the mechanical properties of paper
Authors: J.F. RING GERARD , KURKI MATTI , NIEMINEN TOMI
Published: October 2019

A simple mechanical model for paper comprising only isotropic cell-wall cellulose and a single elliptical pore is presented. Finite element method analysis applied to this model produced two stress-strain curves equivalent to the anisotropy observed in machine-made paper. Nissan’s hydrogen-bond domination theory for cellwall material with a density of 1000 kg/m3 provided the stress-strain functionality to control the displacement of the mesh nodes. Experimental data were collected from a single roll of paper produced on a pilot machine run where formation was decreased in five steps. Fiber properties, sheet grammage, and density were held constant in the final paper. Regardless of the level of formation, all breaking stress and strain data fell into one of two stress-strain curves, a machine-direction curve and a cross-direction curve. The initial modulus of each stress-strain curve was used to estimate the shape of the elliptical pore used in the finite element method model. The results for the model matched the results from the experimental data.
Fast evaluation of spatial coating layer formation using ultraviolet scanner imaging
Authors: FUCHS WOLFGANG , DAUER MICHAEL , HIRN ULRICH , BAUER WOLFGANG , KELLER D. STEVEN
Published: October 2019

Print quality demands are steadily growing. Several print quality problems are known to be closely related to coating layer uniformity (e.g., print or gloss mottle). This study evaluates the potential for using ultraviolet (UV) scanner imaging as a fast method for characterization of the spatial coating layer formation. The method measures the visual light response of the excited fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) in the coating color. UV scanner imaging was compared to two reference methods for determining the coating layer uniformity, the burnout test, and β-radiography. Within the study, a commercially produced lightweight coated paper, a laboratory coated commercial woodfree base paper, and laboratory coated handsheets were examined. Image analysis showed that UV scanner imaging indeed reveals the coating layer formation, especially for lower coat weights. Furthermore, the influence of varying amounts of FWA in the coating color and in the base paper on the measurement results was investigated. The results indicate that UV scanner imaging of coating layer uniformity works best for coat weights below 20 g/m² and moderate FWA concentrations in the coating color.
Воєнно-географічні умови регіону Азовського моря в контексті застосування сил (військ, засобів) ВМС
Authors: Ігнатенко О. А. , Сапіга В. В.
Published: October 2019

У статті розглядаються питання необхідності зміни методологічного підходу до аналізу воєнно-географічних умов регіону Азовського моря в контексті застосування сил (військ, засобів) ВМС в умовах гібридної агресії Російської Федерації проти України. Розглянуті елементи протидії України заходам РФ у регіоні Азовського моря.
Морально-психологічне забезпечення сил оборони держави
Authors: Алещенко В. І.
Published: October 2019

Стаття присвячена дослідженню розвитку морально-психологічного забезпечення сил оборони держави на сучасному етапі. Проведено аналіз проекту Концепції розвитку морально-психологічного забезпечення, за результатами якого встановлено, що на концептуальному рівні єдиного нормативного документа із зазначеного виду всебічного забезпечення не існує і розроблена Концепція загалом відповідає основним положенням Доктрини застосування сил оборони держави. Підкреслено, що ефективне здійснення морально-психологічного забезпечення сил оборони можливе лише на основі загальнодержавних політичних установок, детально розроблених програм із залученням зусиль органів державного і військового управління всіх рівнів. Внесено пропозиції та зауваження щодо змісту проекту Концепції, які доцільно враховувати під час підготовки її остаточного варіанта.
Метод оцінювання зміни тиску місцевого надзвукового потоку на профілі аеродинамічної поверхні керування при виникненні трансзвукового флатера
Authors: Сафронов О. В. , Семон Б. Й. , Неділько О. М.
Published: October 2019

Оцінка характеристик аеродинамічних поверхонь у трансзвуковому потоці повітря теоретичними методами залишається актуальною науковою проблемою, яку необхідно вирішувати при удосконаленні методів дослідження аеропружних характеристик надзвукових літаків та аерокосмічних систем на трансзвукових швидкостях польоту.Труднощі вирішення проблеми обумовлені необхідністю врахування впливу стиснення повітря на зміну характеристик аеродинамічних профілів надзвукових літаків у трансзвуковому діапазоні швидкостей польоту. У деяких працях вплив стиснення повітря на зміну характеристик аеродинамічних профілів враховується за допомогою різноманітних поправок. Але похибка оцінки коефіцієнту тиску місцевого надзвукового потоку на поверхні аеродинамічного профілю с урахуванням стиснення повітря за допомогою цих поправок може бути дуже великої навіть для інженерних наближених оцінок.Додаткові труднощі оцінювання характеристик аеродинамічних поверхонь надзвукових літаків на трансзвукових швидкостях польоту виникають при формуванні стрибків ущільнення на поверхні аеродинамічного профілю, вплив яких цими поправками не може бути визначений.У статті для оцінки характеристик аеродинамічних профілів надзвукових літаків на трансзвукових швидкостях польоту пропонується метод, який базується на сумісному аналізу рівнянь Бернуллі для стислого газу і закономірностей зміни параметрів надзвукового струму у течії Прандтля – Майера та дозволяє оцінювати величини зміни тиску місцевого надзвукового потоку на профілі аеродинамічної поверхні керування при виникненні трансзвукового флатеру з достатньої для інженерних оцінок точністю.З порівняння отриманих запропонованим методом величин зміни тиску місцевого надзвукового потоку на профілю аеродинамічної поверхні керування з результатами, отриманими під час льотних та лабораторних досліджень, зроблено висновок щодо можливості використання запропонованого методу для попередньої наближеної оцінки деяких характеристик трансзвукового флатеру аеродинамічних поверхонь керування надзвукових літаків та аерокосмічних систем.
Emma Andievska’s Philosophical Tales and Fables by Hryhorii Skovoroda: Textual Dialogs
Authors: Hryhorchuk Yuliia
Published: October 2019

The paper compares Hryhorii Skovoroda’s fables and Emma Andiievska’s tales. These works proved to be thematically and stylistically related. They reﬂ ect the dominant literary features of both authors, such as philosophical, didactic, symbolic, and aphoristic accents. The analysis is focused on the collections “Fables of Kharkіv”  and “Tales” (30 and 18 texts respectively). The researcher explores the similarity of the works within their plots, ideas, and stylistics. Both fables and fairy tales show dialectical understanding of the antagonism hidden in the visible and invisible facets of the human life and world. Friendship, creativity, and courage of being oneself are common topics for these texts, where they are interpreted in the light of cordocentric philosophy and by means of the allegorical language of symbols. Despite the similarity of motives, the works by Emma Andiievskа keep considerable originality in content. She elaborates the themes of good and evil, faith, hope, and freedom, while Hryhorii Skovoroda is focused on the symbolic understanding of the Bible. The similar features urge to relate the writers’ texts at the stylistic level as well. A dialogue, a parable, a moral conclusion are inherent both in the fables and fairy tales. In addition, the works may be related due to the form of expression, the allegories, the symbolic imagery, and common prototext. The fairy tales by Andiievska, like the fables by Skovoroda, are rooted both in the folklore and the Bible. However, while the fairy tales reveal the prototext mainly through the interpretation of the plots, in the fables it is reﬂected at the lexical level. The compared works also have an extensive system of aphorisms (the folk and the authors’ ones), which reﬂect their main ideas.
Exoplanets: nature and models
Authors: Marov M Ya , Shevchenko I I
Published: October 2019

Exoplanets represent a broad new class of astronomical objects, which became accessible for observations and studies only just before the end of the last century. Owing to continually improving techniques of ground-based observations, and especially observations from space, for a little bit more than two decades thousands of planetary systems of other stars have been discovered, and this process is escalating. Exoplanets are of paramount interest for astrophysical, astrochemical, and dynamical studies. Exoplanetary studies have opened up new horizons to gain insights into fundamental problems of stellar-planetary cosmogony and, in particular, into the question of the origin and evolution of the Solar System. Discoveries of Earth-like planets, especially those orbiting in stellar habitable zones favorable to giving rise to and sustaining life, open new prospects for progress in astrobiology.
Adaptive Clustering via Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Factorization of the Similarity Matrix
Authors: Favati Paola , Lotti Grazia , Menchi Ornella , Romani Francesco
Published: October 2019

The problem of clustering, that is, the partitioning of data into groups of similar objects, is a key step for many data-mining problems. The algorithm we propose for clustering is based on the symmetric nonnegative matrix factorization (SymNMF) of a similarity matrix. The algorithm is first presented for the case of a prescribed number k of clusters, then it is extended to the case of a not a priori given k. A heuristic approach improving the standard multistart strategy is proposed and validated by the experimentation.
Exploring the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Turkish Laurel Germplasm by the iPBS-Retrotransposon Marker System
Authors: Karık Ünal , Nadeem Muhammad Azhar , Habyarimana Ephrem , Ercişli Sezai , Yildiz Mehtap , Yılmaz Abdurrahim , Yang Seung Hwan , Chung Gyuhwa , Baloch Faheem Shehzad
Published: October 2019

Laurel is a medicinally important plant and is known to the world for its essential oil. Turkey is the main market in the laurel leaf trade by sharing about 90% of the world trade. Here we made an effort to elucidate genetic diversity and population structure of 94 Turkish laurel genotypes collected from 26 provinces and four geographical regions using inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers. A total of 13 most polymorphic primers were selected which yielded 195 total bands, of which 84.10% were found polymorphic. Mean polymorphism information content (PIC) was (0.361) and diversity indices including mean effective number of alleles (1.36), mean Shannon’s information index (0.35) and overall gene diversity (0.22) revealed the existence of sufficient amount of genetic diversity in the studied plant material. Most diversity was found in genotypes collected from the Mediterranean region. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the variation (85%) in Turkish laurel germplasm is due to differences within populations. Model-based structure, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and neighbor-joining algorithms were found in agreement and clustered the studied germplasm according to their collection provinces and regions. This is a very first study exploring the genetic diversity and population structure of laurel germplasm using iPBS-retrotransposon marker system. We believe that information provided in this work will be helpful for the scientific community to take more interest in this forgotten but the medicinally important plant.
Effects of LED Light Color and Intensity on Feather Pecking and Fear Responses of Layer Breeders in Natural Mating Colony Cages
Authors: Shi Haipeng , Li Baoming , Tong Qin , Zheng Weichao , Zeng Dan , Feng Guobin
Published: October 2019

Natural mating colony cages for layer breeders have become commonplace for layer breeders in China. However, feather pecking (FP) and cannibalism are prominent in this system. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of four light-emitting diode (LED) light colors (white: WL, red: RL, yellow-orange: YO, blue-green: BG) with two light intensities for each color, on FP, plumage condition, cannibalism, fear, and stress. A total of 32 identical cages were used for the eight treatments (four replicates for each treatment). For both light intensities, hens in RL had a lowest frequency of severe FP, whereas hens in WL had the highest frequency of severe FP. Hens in RL and BG had better plumage conditions than in WL and YO. Compared with RL and BG treatments, hens treated with WL and YO had a significantly longer tonic immobility (TI) duration. Hens treated with RL had a higher concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), a lower concentration of corticosterone (CORT), and a lower heterophil to lymphocyte ratio than WL and YO. Furthermore, RL could significantly reduce mortality from cannibalism. Overall, hens treated with RL and low light intensity showed a lower frequency of severe FP, less damaged plumage, were less fearful, had lower physiological indicators of stress, and had reduced mortality from cannibalism. Transforming the light color to red or dimming the light could be regarded as an effective method to reduce the risk of FP and alleviate the fear responses of layer breeders.
Photo-Elicited Conversations about Therapy Dogs as a Tool for Engagement and Communication in Dementia Care: A Case Study
Authors: Nordgren Lena , Asp Margareta
Published: October 2019

Understanding the inner life of people with dementia can be challenging and there is a need for new and different approaches. Previous research shows that people with dementia can experience emotions such as harmony, closeness, and joy as well as sadness and concern when interacting with a therapy dog. Simultaneously, memories of past episodes are brought back to life when the person interacts with the dog. This raises questions about whether photos of interaction with a dog can evoke memories or support people with dementia in communicating emotions in a corresponding way. The aim of this study was to explore photo-elicited conversations as a tool for engagement and communication in dementia care. Repeated video observations of photo-elicited conversations between a woman with dementia and a dog handler/assistant nurse were used to collect data. The video recordings were analyzed with a phenomenological hermeneutical method. The role of photo-elicited conversations as a tool for engagement and communication in dementia care is that the conversations can help the person with dementia to feel a sense of being situated and recall feelings of liveliness and belongingness, and thus supporting the person’s sense of self. The results can be used to deepen nursing staff’s understanding of using photo-elicited conversations in dementia care.
Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on the Sperm Proteome of Idiopathic Infertile Men
Authors: Agarwal Ashok , Panner Selvam Manesh Kumar , Samanta Luna , Vij Sarah C. , Parekh Neel , Sabanegh Edmund , Tadros Nicholas N. , Arafa Mohamed , Sharma Rakesh
Published: October 2019

Antioxidant supplementation in idiopathic male infertility has a beneficial effect on semen parameters. However, the molecular mechanism behind this effect has not been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sperm proteome of idiopathic infertile men pre- and post-antioxidant supplementation. Idiopathic infertile men were provided with oral antioxidant supplementation once daily for a period of 6 months. Of the 379 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between pre- and post-antioxidant treatment patients, the majority of the proteins (n = 274) were overexpressed following antioxidant treatment. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the activation of oxidative phosphorylation pathway and upregulation of key proteins involved in spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, binding of sperm, fertilization and normal reproductive function. In addition, the transcriptional factors associated with antioxidant defense system (PPARGC1A) and free radical scavenging (NFE2L2) were predicted to be functionally activated post-treatment. Key DEPs, namely, NDUFS1, CCT3, PRKARA1 and SPA17 validated by Western blot showed significant overexpression post-treatment. Our novel proteomic findings suggest that antioxidant supplementation in idiopathic infertile men improves sperm function at the molecular level by modulating proteins involved in CREM signaling, mitochondrial function and protein oxidation. Further, activation of TRiC complex helped in nuclear compaction, maintenance of telomere length, flagella function, and expression of zona pellucida receptors for sperm–oocyte interaction.
Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling, Multivariate Analysis and Biological Evaluation of the True Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata Lam.)
Authors: Sadeer Nabeelah Bibi , Rocchetti Gabriele , Senizza Biancamaria , Montesano Domenico , Zengin Gokhan , Uysal Ahmet , Jeewon Rajesh , Lucini Luigi , Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi
Published: October 2019

Currently, there is a renewed interest towards the development of plant-based pharmacophores. In this work, 16 extracts prepared from the leaves, twigs, roots and fruits of a hydro-halophyte, Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Family: Rhizophoraceae), were studied for possible antioxidant activity and the phenolic profiles established. Thereafter, enzymatic inhibitory activities (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, acetyl- (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), lipase, and elastase) were assessed. The total phenolic, flavonoid, phenolic acid, tannin, flavanol and triterpenoid content were estimated using standard assays. An untargeted metabolomics-based approach, based on ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) followed by multivariate statistics, was then used to comprehensively profile and describe the phenolics present. UHPLC-QTOF-MS allowed for putatively annotating 104 phenolic acids, 103 flavonols, 94 flavones, 71 anthocyanins, 66 tyrosols, 29 lignans, 15 alkylphenols and 10 stilbenes in the extracts. Nine strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella enteritidis, Sarcina lutea, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans) were then used to investigate the antimicrobial properties. The methanolic twig extract exhibited significant reducing potential towards Cu (II)/Cu (I) and Fe (III)/Fe (II) (1336.88 ± 15.70 and 710.18 ± 21.04 mg TE/g, respectively) and was the most potent DPPH radical scavenger (807.07 ± 6.83 mg TE/g). Additionally, the methanolic twig extract showed significant inhibition against most targeted enzymes. Anti-microbial results showed that all extracts were active against MRSA. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the phenolic profile of ethyl acetate extracts and leaves were the two most discriminative parameters in terms of solvents and organs, respectively. The present findings indicated that R. mucronata may be further explored for the management/prevention of oxidative stress, neurodegenerative complications and hyperpigmentation.
Materials Have Driven the Historical Development of the Tennis Racket
Authors: Taraborrelli Luca , Grant Robyn , Sullivan Matthew , Choppin Simon , Spurr James , Haake Steve , Allen Tom
Published: October 2019

The tennis racket has developed since the origins of Lawn Tennis in the 1870s. This study investigated how the tennis racket developed from 1874 to 2017, using measurements and material classifications for 525 samples. Racket measurements covered geometric, inertial and dynamic properties, and the number of strings. Rackets predating 1970 were mainly wooden, and typically characterised by head areas below 0.05 m2, masses over 350 g and natural frequencies below 120 Hz. Rackets from the 1970s were made from wood, metal and fibre–polymer composites, with most postdating 1980 made from fibre–polymer composites with a larger head, lower mass and higher natural frequency than their predecessors. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the number of variables. Principal component one (PCA1) accounted for 35% of the variance in the measured racket properties, and was found to be significantly affected by material. Head width was best correlated with principal component one (r = 0.897, p < 0.001), followed by head length (r = 0.841, p < 0.001) and natural frequency (r = 0.813, p < 0.001). Early rackets were constrained by the limitations of wood, and the move to composites, which began in the 1970s, allowed this observed increase in head size and natural frequency. As material development has been a major driver of racket design in the past, we propose that new materials and manufacturing techniques, like additively manufactured composites, could further improve the tennis racket. The measurement techniques described here can be used to monitor developments in racket design.
Experimental Investigation into the Seismic Performance of Fully Grouted Concrete Masonry Walls Using New Prestressing Technology
Authors: Chi Bin , Yang Xu , Wang Fenglai , Zhang Zhiming , Quan Yuhu
Published: October 2019

In recent years, traditional masonry structures have been widely used in rural areas of China. However, they were found to have a poor seismic performance during earthquakes. In this study, a new prestressing technology was proposed and described in detail, and it was used in fully grouted concrete masonry wall systems to improve its seismic performance. The experimental work involved investigating the seismic response of four fully grouted reinforced concrete masonry wall systems, consisting of two symmetrically arranged reinforced block masonry walls, with different section types and prestressing technologies, when subjected to cyclic lateral force. Based on the test results, a flexure and ductile failure occurred in the specimens with a rectangular section, while a shear and brittle failure occurred in the specimens with a T-shape section. The prestressing technology had no significant effect on the failure state of the specimens, but it influenced the crack propagation, making cracks fine and densely covered. A symmetrical and obvious pinching effect was observed in the hysteretic response of all specimens. The average displacement ductility of the specimens varied within a range of values between 3.34 and 6.92, according to the section type of the specimens, and the prestressing technology improved the displacement ductility of the specimens. Moreover, the prestressing technology significantly improved the initial stiffness of the specimens, and the specimens with prestressing technology experienced a greater fall in the degradation of the normalized stiffness than the specimens without this technology throughout the loading process. In addition, the equivalent viscous damping of the specimens ranged between 8.2% and 10.8%, according to the section type. It could be concluded that the prestressing technology improved the energy dissipation of the specimens at the ascending stage, although it had no marked influence on the equivalent damping ratio of the specimens.
Beyond the Toolpath: Site-Specific Melt Pool Size Control Enables Printing of Extra-Toolpath Geometry in Laser Wire-Based Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Gibson Brian T. , Richardson Bradley S. , Sundermann Tayler W. , Love Lonnie J.
Published: October 2019

A variety of techniques have been utilized in metal additive manufacturing (AM) for melt pool size management, including modeling and feed-forward approaches. In a few cases, closed-loop control has been demonstrated. In this research, closed-loop melt pool size control for large-scale, laser wire-based directed energy deposition is demonstrated with a novel modification, i.e., site-specific changes to the controller setpoint were commanded at trigger points, the locations of which were generated by the projection of a secondary geometry onto the primary three-dimensional (3D) printed component geometry. The present work shows that, through this technique, it is possible to print a specific geometry that occurs beyond the actual toolpath of the print head. This is denoted as extra-toolpath geometry and is fundamentally different from other methods of generating component features in metal AM. A proof-of-principle experiment is presented in which a complex oak leaf geometry was embossed on an otherwise ordinary double-bead wall made from Ti-6Al-4V. The process is introduced and characterized primarily from a controls perspective with reports on the performance of the control system, the melt pool size response, and the resulting geometry. The implications of this capability, which extend beyond localized control of bead geometry to the potential mitigations of defects and functional grading of component properties, are discussed.
Psyllium and Laminaria Partnership—An Overview of Possible Food Gel Applications
Authors: Fradinho Patrícia , Raymundo Anabela , Sousa Isabel , Domínguez Herminia , Torres María Dolores
Published: October 2019

Seaweeds are a novel source of important nutritional compounds with interesting biological activities that could be processed into added-value products. In this study, two previously developed products obtained by Laminaria ochroleuca processing (liquid extract and a purée-like mixture) were processed with Psyllium gel to develop functional hydrogels. The optimization of the formulation and the characterization of the Laminaria-Psyllium gels in terms of their mechanical features have allowed the proposal of potential food applications. A beneficial interaction was found between Laminaria and Psyllium in terms of the reinforcement of texture and rheological properties. The obtained outcomes could provide new healthy gelling formulations with attractive properties to alleviate the growing market demand of eco-novel food matrices.
Thermal Fatigue Life Prediction of Thermal Barrier Coat on Nozzle Guide Vane via Master–Slave Model
Authors: Guan Peng , Ai Yanting , Fei Chengwei , Yao Yudong
Published: October 2019

The aim of this paper was to develop a master–slave model with fluid-thermo-structure (FTS) interaction for the thermal fatigue life prediction of a thermal barrier coat (TBC) in a nozzle guide vane (NGV). The master–slave model integrates the phenomenological life model, multilinear kinematic hardening model, fully coupling thermal-elastic element model, and volume element intersection mapping algorithm to improve the prediction precision and efficiency of thermal fatigue life. The simulation results based on the developed model were validated by temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) technology. It was demonstrated that the predicted temperature well catered for the TSP tests with a maximum error of less than 6%, and the maximum thermal life of TBC was 1558 cycles around the trailing edge, which is consistent with the spallation life cycle of the ceramic top coat at 1323 K. With the increase of pre-oxidation time, the life of TBC declined from 1892 cycles to 895 cycles for the leading edge, and 1558 cycles to 536 cycles for the trailing edge. The predicted life of the key points at the leading edge was longer by 17.7–40.1% than the trailing edge. The developed master–slave model was validated to be feasible and accurate in the thermal fatigue life prediction of TBC on NGV. The efforts of this study provide a framework for the thermal fatigue life prediction of NGV with TBC.