bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MACROECONOMIC STABILITY AND TRANSPORT COMPANIES’ SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE EASTERN EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Comporek Michał , Kowalska Magdalena , Misztal Anna
Published: December 2021

The paper’s primary aim is to evaluate the influence of macroeconomic stability on transport companies’ sustainable development in the eastern EU from 2008 to 2019. The first part discusses the theoretical problems. The empirical part includes the methodology, results of the research and conclusions. To determine the relationship between variables, we use Pearson’s R and the Ordinary Least Square Method. The contribution to knowledge is using the pentagon of macroeconomic stability to evaluate macroeconomic stabilisation’s influence on transport companies’ sustainable development. The results indicate that macroeconomic stability is one of the essential determinants of the transport companies’ sustainable development. According to Pearson’s R, the highest level of dependence is in Slovenia (0.96), Bulgaria (0.9), and Slovenia (0.83). The lowest is in Latvia (0.69). The OLS regression results indicate that the highest significance is in Slovakia (α1 = 1.994), the lowest is in Lithuania (α1 = 0.691). The states’ economic policies should favour the freedom to conduct business, create appropriate legal regulations, and support ecological investments. It is necessary to act for a stable and fair tax system, ensure access to finance. The issue is contemporary and requires further analysis.
Period Ratio Sculpting near Second-order Mean-motion Resonances
Authors: Bailey Nora , Gilbert Gregory , Fabrycky Daniel
Published: December 2021

Second-order mean-motion resonances lead to an interesting phenomenon in the sculpting of the period-ratio distribution, due to their shape and width in period-ratio/eccentricity space. As the osculating periods librate in resonance, the time-averaged period ratio approaches the exact commensurability. The width of second-order resonances increases with increasing eccentricity, and thus more eccentric systems have a stronger peak at commensurability when averaged over sufficient time. The libration period is short enough that this time-averaging behavior is expected to appear on the timescale of the Kepler mission. Using N-body integrations of simulated planet pairs near the 5:3 and 3:1 mean-motion resonances, we investigate the eccentricity distribution consistent with the planet pairs observed by Kepler. This analysis, an approach independent from previous studies, shows no statistically significant peak at the 3:1 resonance and a small peak at the 5:3 resonance, placing an upper limit on the Rayleigh scale parameter, σ, of the eccentricity of the observed Kepler planets at σ = 0.245 (3:1) and σ = 0.095 (5:3) at 95% confidence, consistent with previous results from other methods.
Dynamics of Langmuir Wave Spectra in Randomly Inhomogeneous Solar Wind Plasmas
Authors: Krafft C. , Volokitin A. S.
Published: December 2021

Solar coronal and wind plasmas often contain density fluctuations of various scales and amplitudes. The scattering of Langmuir wave turbulence on these inhomogeneities modifies the properties of the radiated electromagnetic emissions traveling from the Sun to the Earth. This paper shows the similarities between the physical results obtained by (i) a model based on the Zakharov equations, describing the self-consistent dynamics of Langmuir wave turbulence spectra in a plasma with external density fluctuations, and (ii) a modeling, within the framework of geometric optics approximation, of quasi-particles (representing plasmon quanta) moving in a fluctuating potential. It is shown that the dynamics of the Langmuir spectra is governed by anomalous diffusion processes, as a result of multiple scattering of waves on the density fluctuations; the same dynamics are observed in the momenta distributions of quasi-particles moving in potential structures with random inhomogeneities. These spectra and distributions are both characterized by a fast broadening during which energy is transported to larger wavevectors and momenta, exhibiting nonlinear time dependence of the average squares of wavevectors and quasi-particle momenta as well as non-Gaussian tails in the asymptotic stage. The corresponding diffusion coefficients depend on the time and are proportional to the square of the average level of density (or potential) fluctuations. It appears that anomalous transport and superdiffusion phenomena are responsible for the spectral broadening.
New Searches for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Seven Fast Pulsars
Authors: Ashok A. , Beheshtipour B. , Papa M. A. , Freire P. C. C. , Steltner B. , Machenschalk B. , Behnke O. , Allen B. , Prix R.
Published: December 2021

We conduct searches for continuous gravitational waves from seven pulsars that have not been targeted in continuous wave searches of Advanced LIGO data before. We target emission at exactly twice the rotation frequency of the pulsars and in a small band around such a frequency. The former search assumes that the gravitational-wave quadrupole is changing in a phase-locked manner with the rotation of the pulsar. The latter search over a range of frequencies allows for differential rotation between the component emitting the radio signal and the component emitting the gravitational waves, for example the crust or magnetosphere versus the core. Timing solutions derived from the Arecibo 327 MHz Drift-Scan Pulsar Survey observations are used. No evidence of a signal is found and upper limits are set on the gravitational-wave amplitude. For one of the pulsars we probe gravitational-wave intrinsic amplitudes just a factor of 3.8 higher than the spin-down limit, assuming a canonical moment of inertia of 1038 kg m2. Our tightest ellipticity constraint is 1.5 × 10−8, which is a value well within the range of what a neutron star crust could support.
Highly Structured Inner Planetary System Debris around the Intermediate Age Sun-like Star TYC 8830 410 1
Authors: Melis Carl , Olofsson Johan , Song Inseok , Sarkis Paula , Weinberger Alycia J. , Kennedy Grant , Krumpe Mirko
Published: December 2021

We present a detailed characterization of the extremely dusty main-sequence star TYC 8830 410 1. This system hosts inner planetary system dust (T
dust ≈ 300 K) with a fractional infrared luminosity of ∼1%. Mid-infrared spectroscopy reveals a strong, mildly crystalline solid-state emission feature. TYC 8830 410 1 (spectral type G9 V) has a 49.5″ separation M4-type companion comoving and co-distant with it, and we estimate a system age of ∼600 Myr. TYC 8830 410 1 also experiences “dipper”-like dimming events as detected by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, and characterized in more detail with the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope. These recurring eclipses suggest at least one roughly star-sized cloud of dust orbits the star in addition to assorted smaller dust structures. The extreme properties of the material orbiting TYC 8830 410 1 point to dramatic dust-production mechanisms that likely included something similar to the giant impact event thought to have formed the Earth–Moon system, although hundreds of millions of years after such processes are thought to have concluded in the solar system. TYC 8830 410 1 holds promise to deliver significant advances in our understanding of the origin, structure, and evolution of extremely dusty inner planetary systems.
Transients from the Cataclysmic Deaths of Cataclysmic Variables
Authors: Metzger Brian D. , Zenati Yossef , Chomiuk Laura , Shen Ken J. , Strader Jay
Published: December 2021

We explore the observational appearance of the merger of a low-mass star with a white dwarf (WD) binary companion. We are motivated by recent work finding that multiple tensions between the observed properties of cataclysmic variables (CVs) and standard evolution models are resolved if a large fraction of CV binaries merge as a result of unstable mass transfer. Tidal disruption of the secondary forms a geometrically thick disk around the WD, which subsequently accretes at highly super-Eddington rates. Analytic estimates and numerical hydrodynamical simulations reveal that outflows from the accretion flow unbind a large fraction ≳90% of the secondary at velocities ∼500–1000 km s−1 within days of the merger. Hydrogen recombination in the expanding ejecta powers optical transient emission lasting about a month with a luminosity ≳1038 erg s−1, similar to slow classical novae and luminous red novae from ordinary stellar mergers. Over longer timescales the mass accreted by the WD undergoes hydrogen shell burning, inflating the remnant into a giant of luminosity ∼300–5000 L
⊙, effective temperature T
eff ≈ 3000 K, and lifetime ∼104–105 yr. We predict that ∼103–104 Milky Way giants are CV merger products, potentially distinguishable by atypical surface abundances. We explore whether any Galactic historical slow classical novae are masquerading CV mergers by identifying four such post-nova systems with potential giant counterparts for which a CV merger origin cannot be ruled out. We address whether the historical transient CK Vul and its gaseous/dusty nebula resulted from a CV merger.
Gas-phase Modeling of the Cometary Coma of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov
Authors: Ahmed Sana , Acharyya Kinsuk
Published: December 2021

Comet 2I/Borisov is the first interstellar comet observed in the solar system, providing a unique opportunity to understand the physical conditions that prevailed in a distant unknown planetary system. Observations of the comet show that the CO/H2O ratio is higher than that observed in solar system comets at a heliocentric distance r

h
< 2.5 au. We aim to study the gas-phase coma of comet 2I/Borisov using a multifluid chemical-hydrodynamical model. The gas-phase model includes a host of chemical reactions, with the neutrals, ions, and electrons treated as three separate fluids. Energy exchange between the three fluids due to elastic and inelastic scattering and radiative losses are also considered. Our model results show that in the region of the coma beyond ∼100 km of the nucleus, e−−CO inelastic collisions leading to vibrational excitation of CO causes a loss of energy from the electron fluid. We find a high abundance of CO+ and HCO+ ions, and we show how these two ions affect the creation/destruction rates of other ions such as H2O+, H3O+, N-bearing ions, and large organic ions. We find that the presence of CO leads to a higher abundance of large organic ions and neutrals such as

CH

3

OH

2

+

,

CH

3

OCH

4

+

, and CH3OCH3, as compared to a typical H2O-rich solar system comet. We conclude that the presence of a large amount of CO in the coma of comet 2I/Borisov, combined with a low production rate, affects the coma temperature profile and flux of major ionic species significantly.
Magnetic Archaeology of Early-type Stellar Dynamos
Authors: Jermyn Adam S. , Cantiello Matteo
Published: December 2021

Early-type stars show a bimodal distribution of magnetic field strengths, with some showing very strong fields (≳1 kG) and others very weak fields (≲10 G). Recently, we proposed that this reflects the processing or lack thereof of fossil fields by subsurface convection zones. Stars with weak fossil fields process these at the surface into even weaker dynamo-generated fields, while in stars with stronger fossil fields magnetism inhibits convection, allowing the fossil field to remain as is. We now expand on this theory and explore the timescales involved in the evolution of near-surface magnetic fields. We find that mass loss strips near-surface regions faster than magnetic fields can diffuse through them. As a result, observations of surface magnetism directly probe the frozen-in remains of the convective dynamo. This explains the slow evolution of magnetism in stars with very weak fields: these dynamo-generated magnetic fields evolve on the timescale of the mass loss, not that of the dynamo.
Mass Estimation of Galaxy Clusters with Deep Learning II. Cosmic Microwave Background Cluster Lensing
Authors: Gupta N. , Reichardt C. L.
Published: December 2021

We present a new application of deep learning to reconstruct the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps from images of the microwave sky and to use these reconstructed maps to estimate the masses of galaxy clusters. We use a feed-forward deep-learning network, mResUNet, for both steps of the analysis. The first deep-learning model, mResUNet-I, is trained to reconstruct foreground and noise-suppressed CMB maps from a set of simulated images of the microwave sky that include signals from the CMB, astrophysical foregrounds like dusty and radio galaxies, instrumental noise as well as the cluster’s own thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich signal. The second deep-learning model, mResUNet-II, is trained to estimate cluster masses from the gravitational-lensing signature in the reconstructed foreground and noise-suppressed CMB maps. For SPTpol-like noise levels, the trained mResUNet-II model recovers the mass for 104 galaxy cluster samples with a 1σ uncertainty

Δ

M

200
c

est

/

M

200
c

est

=

0.108 and 0.016 for input cluster mass

M

200
c

true

=

10

14

M

⊙

and 8 × 1014
M
⊙, respectively. We also test for potential bias on recovered masses, finding that for a set of 105 clusters the estimator recovers

M

200
c

est

=
2.02
×

10

14

M

⊙

, consistent with the input at 1% level. The 2σ upper limit on potential bias is at 3.5% level.
Kinetic-scale Current Sheets in the Solar Wind at 1 au: Properties and the Necessary Condition for Reconnection
Authors: Vasko I. Y. , Alimov K. , Phan T. D. , Bale S. D. , Mozer F. S. , Artemyev A. V.
Published: December 2021

We present a data set and properties of 18,785 proton kinetic-scale current sheets collected over 124 days in the solar wind using magnetic field measurements at 1/11 s resolution aboard the Wind spacecraft. We show that all of the current sheets are in the parameter range where reconnection is not suppressed by diamagnetic drift of the X-line. We argue this necessary condition for magnetic reconnection is automatically satisfied due to the geometry of current sheets dictated by their source, which is the local plasma turbulence. The current sheets are shown to be elongated along the background magnetic field and dependence of the current sheet geometry on local plasma beta is revealed. We conclude that reconnection in the solar wind is not likely to be suppressed or controlled by the diamagnetic suppression condition.
Analysis of Standardized Nursing Languages Application in the Context of Nursing Diagnosis in Hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Somantri Irman , Sekarwana Nanan , Mediawati Ati Surya , Ramoo Vimala , Yahaya Nor Aziyan , Yudianto Kurniawan
Published: December 2021

Background. Documentation of nursing care is important in applying care to patients, in terms of their workload coming into the context of indirect nursing care. The focus of his study is to assess the application of nursing diagnoses in hospitals. The phenomenon that occurs in the order of nursing services was found that nurses only focused on documenting nursing assessments, but formulating nursing diagnoses was not clearly illustrated and there are still different perceptions in relation to writing a nursing diagnosis phrase. Objective. The purpose of this study is to identify the application of Standardized Nursing Languages in the context of nursing diagnoses in hospitals in Indonesia. Method. This study uses a descriptive correlation design using simple random sampling and obtained 132 nurse respondents. Closed questions (with answer choices prepared by the researcher) and open questions (in the form of frequently used diagnostic questions) were used. The instrument was first tested for validity and content validity with a CVI (0.9) and CVR (0.85) value, which means that the instrument is relevant and important to use. Results. It was found that almost half of the respondents (48.49%) nurses did not use a standard diagnosis. Only the level of education has a relationship with the application of the use of standard language nursing in Indonesia (p-value = 0.006) where the higher the education of nursing will have an impact on accuracy in diagnosing. Whereas for other variables such as gender, career ladder level and position in nursing were found no relationship with the ability in the accuracy of writing diagnoses. Conclussion. As the results shows that the use of the standard language of nursing is not fully used by nurses in Indonesia. Standardization and equalization of perception by nursing professional organizations are needed to be a guide for all nurses in carrying out documentation of nursing care
Relationship between 25(OH)D and Colorectal Cancer Prevalence at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta-Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Winandar Tegoeh , Raharjo Agus , Wujoso Hari , Sidharta B. Rina A. , Bagus Budhi Ida
Published: December 2021

Background: Colorectal cancer is a malignancy of the colon and / or rectum. Vitamin D has a role as an inhibitor of tumor progression, namely through the process of influencing cellular differentiation and proliferation. (VDR) Vitamin D Receptor affects cell differentiation by upregulating brush boundary enzymes and improving morphological microvilli. This study seeks to determine the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and colorectal cancer in dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional design study with quantitative-analytical observation was conducted. All patients had symptoms of colorectal cancer, either undiagnosed or previously diagnosed. 25(OH)D samples were taken from a total of 50 patients at dr. Moewardi Surakarta and subsequent diagnostic measures from the results of histopathology were assessed. The parameters assessed were 25(OH)D level and a diagnosis of colorectal malignancy. Statistical analysis of 25(OH)D levels and colorectal diagnosis using the Chi Square test.
Results: The prevalence of colorectal cancer is higher in respondents with 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency compared to respondents with normal 25(OH)D concentrations who tend to have non-colorectal cancer. Based on the Chi-Square test result, the significance value was 0.004, marking a statistically significant association.
Conclusion: This study shows a significant relationship between deficiency and insufficiency of 25(OH)D concentrations with the occurrence of colorectal malignancy
The Antibiotic Use in Osteomyelitis Infection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sananta Panji , Huwae Thomas Erwin Christian Junus , Ronadi Daniel , Dhakka Siahaan Lasa
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone. One of the therapies for osteomyelitis is antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic treatment has evolved substantially, but bone infections are still a challenge. Antimicrobial therapy is also difficult, caused by antibiotic-resistant organisms.  Therefore, a systematic review is needed to assess antibiotic use in osteomyelitis infection.
Method: Articles were searched using Pubmed with keywords “antibiotics”, “osteomyelitis”, and its combination. The authors used five years publication date and English language to select the appropriate journal.
Result: The author identified 13 relevant articles with antibiotics use in osteomyelitis. All of the cases were about chronic osteomyelitis and osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers. Osteomyelitis in other sites of long bones needs longer duration treatment than long bone osteomyelitis. In acute osteomyelitis in children, antibiotic treatment can switch from IV to oral antibiotics. Furthermore, chronic osteomyelitis needs longer treatment to resolve than acute osteomyelitis.
Conclusion: Antibiotics still mainstay treatment with surgery for osteomyelitis treatment. With acute, children, and long bone only need shorter treatment than chronic, adult, and non-long bone osteomyelitis.
Identification of Sarcoptes scabiei by Clinical Examination and Follow-up Examination in Medan City, Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Afrida Aryani , Putra Imam Budi , Sari Mutiara Indah
Published: December 2021

Background: Scabies is a disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. In Indonesia, scabies ranks third out of the 12 most common skin diseases. In terms of disease screening, direct visualization of dermatitis from mites and microscopy of skin scrapings is less sensitive. PCR and dermoscopy examinations have a high sensitivity value to Sarcoptes mites. Aims: This study aims to identify Sarcoptes scabiei mites between clinical symptoms and supporting examinations, namely PCR and dermoscopy methods. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study, with descriptive analytics. The number of samples of 50 people who met the inclusion criteria was examined by microscopic examination, dermoscopy, and PCR. We state it to be positive if we found scabies mites or their eggs on microscopy, delta wing sign, or jet wet contrail on dermoscopy and there is a 135bp DNA band on PCR. Results: 50 samples diagnosed with scabies based on cardinal sign of scabies, gender were 80% male and 20% female with an average age of 14 years. Based on the location of the rash, the most rashes were between the fingers and toes, each 26% and the least on the head as much as 2%. Based examination tools, no Sarcoptes scabiei mites were found through microscopic and dermoscopic examination, while the PCR examination found 12 positive samples of scabies. Conclusion: PCR examination is very sensitive and specific even in very small quantities, with the fore primer SSUDF and the reverse primer SSUDR. Further research is needed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of dermoscopy and PCR in diagnosing scabies.
A horizon scanning approach to rapidly detect alien fern species through horticultural trade
Authors: McCulloch-Jones Emily J. , Kraaij Tineke , Crouch Neil
Published: December 2021

Horticultural trade is a well-documented pathway of introduction for numerous invasive species globally, including ferns. In this study, we analysed trade in terrestrial true ferns (Polypodiophyta) in six anglophone countries: Canada (CA), the United States of America (US), Great Britain and Ireland (GB, for ease of reading), South Africa (ZA), Australia (AU), and New Zealand (NZ). The study provides an overview of fern trade and explored the relationship between trade and alien fern introductions with a view to better inform management interventions. Using a horizon scanning approach in consulting horticultural catalogues, we identified a total of 382 fern species currently traded by 148 traders in a period of just six months. International trade was observed in only three countries with most trade occurring at national scales and e-commerce was not the dominant mode of trade noted in this study, with a relatively higher proportion of species traded on-ground. Alien species accounted for more than 60 % of the total number of traded species in most countries except in AU and NZ, and a surprising number of species (11-14 species per country) known to be naturalised or invasive in their country of trade remain actively traded, with fewer species in CA (2) and AU (5). A total of 194 species noted in trade have not previously been recorded as alien in plant species inventories and did not have an invasion status assigned in their countries of trade. We identified 62 species of concern (i.e., potential future invaders) with Dryopteris erythrosora, Anisocampium niponicum, Polystichum polyblepharum, Austroblechnum penna-marina subsp. penna-marina, Asplenium nidus, Dicksonia antarctica, Polypodium vulgare, and Adiantum raddianum indicated as priority species for regulation in trade due to their high market presence. Citizen science records were noted for very few species of concern with only two records indicating the occurrence of two species in natural or semi-natural areas. This research constitutes one of few studies that have applied a horizon scanning approach using horticultural catalogues to identify alien species, and highlights the efficiency of this approach as a tool for the early detection of potentially invasive species.
Sharing taxonomic expertise between natural history collections using image recognition
Authors: Greeff Michael , Caspers Max , Kalkman Vincent , Willemse Luc , Sunderland Barry , Bánki Olaf , Hogeweg Laurens
Published: December 2021

Natural history collections play a vital role in biodiversity research and conservation by providing a window to the past. The usefulness of the vast amount of historical data depends on their quality, with correct taxonomic identifications being the most critical. The identification of many of the objects of natural history collections, however, is wanting, doubtful or outdated. Providing correct identifications is difficult given the sheer number of objects and the scarcity of expertise. Here we outline the construction of an ecosystem for the collaborative development and exchange of image recognition algorithms designed to support the identification of objects. Such an ecosystem will facilitate sharing taxonomic expertise among institutions by offering image datasets that are correctly identified by their in-house taxonomic experts. Together with openly accessible machine learning algorithms and easy to use workbenches, this will allow other institutes to train image recognition algorithms and thereby compensate for the lacking expertise.
DNA barcoding of Naididae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), based on cytochrome C oxidase gene and ITS2 region in China
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Jiang Wei , Wang Hongzhu , Cui Yongde
Published: December 2021

Exploring the effectiveness of DNA barcoding in species identification is a prerequisite for biodiversity conservation and environmental monitoring. Aquatic oligochaetes could serve as excellent indicators in aquatic monitoring programmes. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of DNA barcoding in these specific organisms. The mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (COI) gene of 83 specimens belonging to 40 species of 18 genera were sequenced in this study. The results showed that there was a barcode gap between species of Naididae and the intraspecific genetic distances of each species were smaller than interspecific genetic distances. The classification results of ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) were consistent with those of morphological identification, except for Tubifex tubifex and Lumbriculus variegatus. All species were successfully distinguished in the phylogenetic tree, based on the ITS2 region, which was coincident with the morphological result. Our results provided evidence that DNA barcoding can be used as an effective and convenient tool for species identification of the family Naididae and even for other aquatic oligochaetes.
Tools for increasing visual encounter probabilities for invasive species removal: a case study of brown treesnakes
Authors: Amburgey Staci M. , Yackel Adams Amy A. , Gardner Beth , Lardner Bjorn , Knox Adam J. , Converse Sarah J.
Published: December 2021

Early detection and rapid response (EDRR) are essential to identifying and decisively responding to the introduction or spread of an invasive species, thus avoiding population establishment and improving the probability of achieving eradication. However, detection can be challenging at the onset of a species invasion as low population densities can reduce the likelihood of detection and conceal the true extent of the situation until the species is well established. This is doubly challenging if the invading species displays cryptic behavior or is nocturnal, thus further limiting opportunities for its discovery. Survey methods that maximize a searcher’s ability to detect an incipient population are therefore critical for successful EDRR. Brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) on Guåhan are a classic cautionary example of the dangers of not detecting an invasion early on, and the risk of their introduction to other islands within the Marianas, Hawai’i and beyond remains. Nocturnal visual surveys are known to detect brown treesnakes of all sizes and are the primary detection tool used by the Brown Treesnake Rapid Response Team, but detection probability remains low in complex forest habitats. As such, we investigated the use of two potential enhancements to nocturnal visual surveys – a live mouse lure and spray scent attractant – that may create hotspots of increased detection probability during surveys. We found that, while brown treesnake detection probabilities were low for all surveys, visual surveys conducted on transects with live mouse lures resulted in detection probabilities that were 1.3 times higher than on transects without live mouse lures. Conversely, the spray scent attractant did not increase the probability of detecting brown treesnakes compared to transects without scent, and in fact had detection probabilities that were 0.66 times lower, though the reasons for this phenomenon are unclear. Unlike scent attractants, live mouse lures likely provide both visual and olfactory cues that attract brown treesnakes to transects and thus provide more opportunities to detect and capture them. These enhancements were trialed on Guåhan, where prey populations are depressed. It remains unclear whether live mouse lures will be as effective for EDRR applications in prey-rich settings.
Current status of the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis by ultrasonographic elastography
Authors: Nakaoka Kazunori , Hashimoto Senju , Miyahara Ryoji , Kawashima Hiroki , Ohno Eizaburo , Ishikawa Takuya , Kuwahara Takamichi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Hirooka Yoshiki
Published: December 2021

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is pathologically characterized by the loss of exocrine pancreatic parenchyma, irregular fibrosis, cellular infiltration, and ductal abnormalities. Diagnosing CP objectively is difficult because standard diagnostic criteria are insufficient. The change of parenchymal hardness is the key factor for the diagnosis and understanding of the severity of CP. The ultrasonography (US) or endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) elastography have been used to diagnose pancreatic diseases. Both strain elastography (SE) and shear wave elastography are specific diagnostic techniques for measuring tissue hardness. Most previous studies were conducted with SE. There are three methods of interpreting SE; the method of recognizing the patterns in SE distribution images in the region of interest, the method of using strain ratio to compare the hardness of adipose tissue or connective tissue with that of the lesion, and the method of evaluating the hardness distribution of a target by histogram analysis. These former two methods have been used primarily for neoplastic diseases, and histograms analysis has been used to assess hardness distribution in the evaluation of CP. Since the hardness of the pancreas increases with aging, it is necessary to consider the age in the diagnosis of pancreatic disorders using US or EUS elastography.
Guerre des Droits. Les relations franco-mexicaines de 1827 à 1838
Authors: Estrada David-Alexandre
Published: December 2021

Engagée dans un conflit l’opposant au Mexique entre 1838 et 1839, la France est décrite par l’historiographie actuelle comme mue par de simples intérêts économiques et des réclamations excessives. Ce travail, issu des résultats de nos recherches, vise à nuancer ce courant et à redéfinir ce contexte, afin de mieux comprendre les motivations et enjeux qui ont conduit le gouvernement français à la guerre.
« Regarder l’avenir » et être pris de court : la mission d’information de Jacques Blot en Yougoslavie, 9-12 juillet 1991
Authors: Raskin Lucie
Published: December 2021

Le 27 juin 1991, la guerre éclate en Slovénie. François Mitterrand et Roland Dumas demandent au directeur d’Europe du Quai d’Orsay d’effectuer une mission d’information directe et de contacts en Yougoslavie afin d’établir une politique française et européenne. Les entretiens montrent que le Président et la diplomatie française ont des représentations obsolètes de la situation yougoslave, encourageant une politique européenne hésitante.
Le renouveau identitaire des écrivains russes exilés en France
Authors: Saintherant Coline
Published: December 2021

La révolution d’Octobre 1917 pousse de nombreux écrivains russes en exil. Leurs contemporains français et l’historiographie les ont souvent désignés comme formant un groupe social homogène, celui des « écrivains russes blancs exilés ». Toutefois, à travers l’étude de leurs vies en exil et de leurs écrits autobiographiques, contemporains ou postérieurs aux événements, permettant d’analyser leur reconstruction identitaire, cet article entend démontrer le caractère non pertinent d’une telle généralisation sur les écrivains russes en exil durant l’entre-deux-guerres.
À la recherche de l’authenticité, la gastrodiplomatie japonaise en France
Authors: Duhem Margaux
Published: December 2021

En s’appuyant sur les archives de la Maison de la culture du Japon à Paris et de la Fondation du Japon, cet article analyse le développement de la gastrodiplomatie japonaise en France dans un contexte d’essoufflement du soft power japonais. Il apporte une définition à cette pratique qui relève de la diplomatie culturelle et en dépeint les principaux objectifs. Il permet également d’expliquer le succès de la gastrodiplomatie japonaise et de son déploiement sur le territoire français.
L’Office franco-norvégien d’échanges et de coopération (OFNEC) et les Boréales : diplomatie territoriale et festival nordique en Normandie
Authors: Rouffia Anna
Published: December 2021

Le festival des Boréales est depuis 1992 le principal festival de culture nordique en France. L’étude des premières années de ce festival, créé par l’OFNEC, nous permet de voir comment un centre universitaire est peu à peu devenu un véritable centre culturel norvégien en France, sans être rattaché ni à l’État norvégien, ni au Quai d’Orsay. Ainsi, nous nous proposons de voir en quoi la création de ce festival s’insère dans une démarche de paradiplomatie culturelle de la part d’acteurs régionaux.
Les Journées mondiales de la jeunesse, objet d’une nouvelle histoire diplomatique
Authors: Mercier Charles
Published: December 2021

Cet article explore la manière dont les Journées mondiales de la jeunesse – grandes fêtes planétaires itinérantes de jeunes catholiques, instituées par Jean-Paul II en 1985 – gagnent en intelligibilité quand elles sont abordées selon les perspectives de la nouvelle histoire diplomatique. Il cherche également à montrer que ce champ de recherche, qui privilégie une définition large de la diplomatie, peut-être en retour enrichi par la prise en compte de l’événement religieux.
Éducation et instruction selon Montaigne
Authors: Jolibert Bernard
Published: December 2021

Les Essais de Montaigne sont souvent cités aujourd’hui pour justifier, sinon le mépris de l’instruction, du moins la défaveur des « savoirs » au profit du « savoir être ». Il conviendrait d’opposer la « tête bien faite » à la « tête bien pleine ». Par suite, l’éducation devrait prendre le pas sur l’instruction dans la formation de l’enfance scolaire. C’est passer un peu vite sur le fait que Montaigne, dans ce passage célèbre, ne nous parle pas de l’élève, mais du précepteur, que le terme « bien » ne recouvre pas une même signification dans la première expression (« bien faite ») et dans la seconde (« bien pleine »). C’est oublier aussi que ses Essais sont un monument de culture livresque, truffé de citations et de références à des auteurs lus et relus. La tête du sieur de Montaigne est à la fois bien faite et bien pleine. Et si elle est bien faite c’est peut-être qu’il a su commencer par la «  nourrir  » à propos avec des connaissances puisées à la source.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Dupuis Xavier , Fauvinet-Ranson Valérie , Goddard Christophe John , Inglebert Hervé , Kallala Nabil
Published: December 2021

L’organisation de la pertica de Sicca Veneria (Le Kef), qui comprenait divers pagi et castella comme le montrent plusieurs études anciennes ou récentes, a suscité deux hypothèses. Selon A. Beschaouch coexistaient des pagi peuplés de citoyens romains et des agglomérations numides appelés castella  ; pour J. Gascou les seconds étaient les chefs-lieux des premiers comme on le voit dans la Confédération cirtéenne. À Aubuzza , une inscription attestait déjà la présence d’un paganicum , un monument du pagus romain ; une découverte récente publiée ici atteste maintenant l’existence d’un castellum . Il s’agit d’une inscription en l’honneur de Septime Sévère, érigée entre avril et décembre 194 après sa victoire sur Pescennius Niger, par les seniores castelli Aubuzensium . Les seniores sont ici les « magistrats » de la localité, dont l’étude onomastique de la population montre les liens avec Sicca Veneria . Son organisation territoriale correspondait donc au schéma proposé par A. Beschaouch.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Fauvinet-Ranson Valérie
Published: December 2021

Si l’intrusion des Vandales en Afrique et ses conséquences violentes et immédiates sur place et au sein de l’Empire sont souvent évoquées, la cohabitation avec les autres royaumes barbares et les échanges à la fin du v e  ou au début du vi e  siècle sont moins connus. Les sources sur le sujet sont peu nombreuses, mais rapprochées, elles nous renseignent sur les échanges officiels et diplomatiques d’une part (alliances, différends, ambassades, cadeaux, personnalité des ambassadeurs) ; sur les échanges de population d’autre part, exils forcés ou volontaires, essentiellement d’Afrique vers le royaume ostrogoth. Quelques cas illustrent la condition et le devenir dans le royaume gothique de ces exilés dotés d’un métier ( grammaticus , sourcier) ou sans ressources, ainsi que les mesures mises en place pour les accueillir ou leur éviter la misère. Examiner de près et rassembler ces éléments épars permet également d’entrevoir des échanges plus difficiles à percevoir, comme le rayonnement culturel ou l’image qu’un peuple pouvait avoir de l’autre (Goths, Vandales, Romains d’Afrique, Romains d’Italie).
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Leone Anna
Published: December 2021

Cet article suit les pas de l’un des principaux axes de recherche de Lepelley et vise à étudier les changements qui se sont produits dans les fora de diverses cités nord-africaines entre le IV e  et la fin du VI e  siècle. Il vise à fournir une perspective archéologique sur les recherches de C. Lepelley, qui se sont principalement basées sur le riche matériel épigraphique de l’Afrique du Nord. Notre analyse s’appuie sur différentes études de cas pour jeter un nouvel éclairage sur les changements qui se sont produits dans les espaces publics ainsi que sur les tendances qui ont déterminé ces variations. En effet, la transformation des fora résulte d’une combinaison de trajectoires que les différents espaces urbains considérés ont suivies pour des raisons diverses, incluant souvent des décisions prises par les instances dirigeantes. La nouvelle forme urbaine était en fait l’expression de communautés locales, qui répondaient à leurs propres besoins. Dans ce processus d’adaptation, les fora semblent avoir suivi des trajectoires similaires dictées par des conditions similaires.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Fentress Elizabeth , Wilson Andrew
Published: December 2021

Cet article examine le phénomène des tremblements de terre en Afrique du Nord, un sujet sur lequel s’est penché Claude Lepelley dans son article fondamental sur « L’Afrique du Nord et le prétendu séisme universel du 21 juillet 365 ». Il passe en revue tous les tremblements de terre de la Cyrénaïque au Maroc mentionnés par nos sources durant l’Antiquité tardive, auxquels ont été ajoutés ceux que nous connaissons uniquement par des données archéologiques, tel celui qui mit un terme à l’occupation romaine de Volubilis. Nous montrons par ce catalogue, comme par l’examen de données plus récentes, que les séismes tendent à se concentrer sur des périodes particulières d’un point de vue chronologique. En somme, les séismes qui se produisent à la jonction des plaques africaine et eurasienne sont si normales qu’il serait peu probable de n’en pas trouver la trace dans des villes occupées sur la longue durée. D’un point de vue archéologique ou historique, la réaction de la cité à un séisme est plus intéressante que le séisme lui-même - durant des périodes de prospérité, les cités se redressent et sont reconstruites. Ce n’est qu’à des périodes où l’économie subissait des tensions plus importantes qu’elles n’ont pas pu se redresser et les tremblements de terre ont signifié la fin de la vie urbaine sur un site.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Hamdoune Christine
Published: December 2021

Dans une étude parue en 1980, C. Lepelley démontrait que le témoignage d’Augustin permettait d’affirmer le maintien de l’activité au milieu du iv e  siècle des collèges de iuuenes , alors que nulle trace épigraphique n’avait subsisté. Mais une inscription d’ Uccula (Henchir Douirat), récemment rééditée, traduite et brièvement commentée, comble un vide dans notre documentation sur le rôle des iuuenes dans une cité en voie de christianisation au milieu du iv e  siècle. Derrière la dédicace d’une statue de Mars restaurée par l’un des maiores du collège, apparaît, dans l’emploi d’un vocabulaire spécifique, l’expression de la vénération des statues divines par les païens et les traces de la polémique qui les opposait, sur ce point, aux chrétiens. Toutefois le contexte de violence que les sources chrétiennes se plaisent à développer à la fin du iv e  siècle, n’est sensible ici que dans un deuxième temps avec le martelage du début du texte.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Fauvinet-Ranson Valérie , Hugoniot Christophe
Published: December 2021

Le sermon Denis 17 d’Augustin est sans nul doute un des plus connus. Prêché à Bulla Regia à la demande de l’évêque de la cité, il dénonce les jeux scéniques qui devaient avoir lieu peu de temps avant la fête de Pâques. La date de ce sermon est problématique. Traditionnellement daté du 1 er  août 399 par les spécialistes de la chronologie augustinienne, il fut prononcé plutôt, comme le suggèrent une constitution du Code Théodosien du 20 août 399, le sermon Denis 14, prononcé à Carthage le 14 septembre 401, et deux canons du concile général d’Afrique du 13 septembre 401, avant Pâques 401. Cette question de chronologie augustinienne n’est pas anodine. Elle révèle un conflit non résolu entre les cités et les évêques au sujet de la concurrence des fêtes chrétiennes et des spectacles municipaux, à une date où le vieux calendrier municipal n’avait pas encore fait place au temps chrétien. L’ubiquité des chrétiens, qui assistaient indifférement aux spectacles et aux offices chrétiens, est le signe de l’impuissance de la pastorale chrétienne à imposer des comportements moraux dictés par le message évangélique. La cité reste à l’aube du v e  siècle un modèle incontournable et n’est pas encore chrétienne, même si le paganisme en a été extirpé. En ce sens, on peut bien, à la suite de Claude Lepelley, parler de neutralité religieuse.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Pottier Bruno
Published: December 2021

Une lettre apocryphe, attribuée à Jérôme de Stridon mais écrite par un auteur donatiste, critique durement le pape Damase pour n’avoir rien fait pour mettre fin aux compromissions de l’Église catholique africaine avec l’arianisme. Elle fait implicitement référence à l’opposition de l’évêque donatiste de Rome, Claudianus, au pape Damase. Par ce moyen, les donatistes ont contesté un des principaux arguments de l’Église catholique africaine, celui de son universalité, défendu notamment par Augustin d’Hippone. Cette lettre peut aussi avoir eu pour objectif d’obtenir de certains influents aristocrates chrétiens amis de Jérôme, Pammachius et Océanus, une certaine tolérance envers le donatisme. Ceux-ci n’ont en effet pas hésité à faire pression sur les paysans de leurs domaines africains pour qu’ils abandonnent le donatisme. Par leurs contacts avec certains hauts fonctionnaires d’Honorius, ils ont pu aussi favoriser l’organisation en 411 à Carthage d’une grande conférence destinée à régler définitivement le schisme donatiste.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Magalhães de Oliveira Julio Cesar
Published: December 2021

Les disputes entre catholiques et donatistes dans l’Afrique du iv e  et du début du v e  siècle ne furent jamais confinés au seul débat savant. Tout au long de cette controverse, les dirigeants des deux partis employèrent de nombreuses tactiques pour persuader les gens du peuple de la justesse de leur cause et pour garantir leur loyauté et leur soutien. En composant des chansons populaires, en diffusant des pamphlets et des rumeurs, voire en mobilisant des chrétiens ordinaires pour la défense ou la prise des basiliques, les leaders religieux avaient fait des fidèles des partenaires dans la dispute. Après la conquête vandale, l’affrontement théologique entre ariens et catholiques produisit une vaste littérature de combat, l’opposition entre les deux Églises a eu encore pour enjeu la possession des basiliques et le clergé arien développa dès le début un véritable projet missionnaire. Le problème est de savoir s’il y a eu également une mobilisation populaire comparable à celle qu’on connaît pour la controverse donatiste. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la nature des mouvements de foule et l’ampleur de l’engagement des simples fidèles dans cette nouvelle guerre de religions.
Patients, proches : que donnent-ils à entendre à travers une demande de mort ?
Authors: Rolland-Piègue Lucile , Roux Camille
Published: December 2021

La demande de mort est au centre des préoccupations des équipes car c’est un appel à l’aide qui nécessite de réévaluer les objectifs de chaque soin et traitement pour limiter toute obstination déraisonnable. Elle est l’expression d’un vécu intérieur complexe empli d’ambivalence ; l’écouter demande du temps, l’entendre demande de l’ouverture d’esprit et de la créativité, pour que la réponse soit singulière.
Des ouvriers, des fabricants ou des oisifs ?
Authors: Avellino Lorenzo
Published: December 2021

Très souvent, l’industrialisation est envisagée comme processus avançant par étapes successives. Cet article propose de remettre en question cette vision trop linéaire et schématique au travers d’une analyse des hiérarchies dans la fabrique de draps de soie en Lombardie après l’abolition des corporations d’arts et métiers. Il commence par décrire la manière dont les rôles productifs changent respectivement dans les moments de forte croissance, de contraction et de crise du marché des draps. Il montre ensuite comment, en essayant de contrer les vols de soie dans la manufacture, les autorités tentent de distinguer entre ceux qui peuvent légitimement vendre des produits et ceux qui doivent se cantonner à la vente de leur force de travail. Il rend enfin compte des raisons expliquant la persistance ou la disparition de cette fluidité dans le statut des travailleurs à Côme et à Milan.
Genre et hiérarchies des métiers du textile en France selon les guides pour le « choix d’un état », 1850-1900
Authors: Lemercier Claire
Published: December 2021

L’objectif de cet article est d’utiliser le cas du textile pour discuter de l’image sociale des métiers dans la seconde moitié du XIX e  siècle, à partir d’un corpus de guides pour le « choix d’un état », un nouveau genre éditorial né au milieu du siècle. Le texte en analyse les principales publications jusque dans les années 1890, y explore les interactions entre genre et hiérarchisation sociale et discute plus généralement la notion de « métier », à la fois structurante et fuyante.