bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid phase epitaxy growth of high-performance composite scintillators based on single crystalline films and crystals of LuAG
Authors: Witkiewicz-Lukaszek S. , Gorbenko V. , Zorenko T. , Sidletskiy O. , Arhipov P. , Fedorov A. , Mares J. A. , Kucerkova R. , Nikl M. , Zorenko Y.
Published: April 2020

Top – Scheme of the composite scintillator for registration of α-particles and γ-quanta. Bottom – Samples of the LuAG:Ce SCF/LuAG:Sc SC (a) and LuAG:Pr SCF/LuAG:Sc SC (b) composite scintillators prepared using the liquid phase epitaxy growth method.
Dielectric relaxation and proton field-cycling NMR relaxometry study of dimethyl sulfoxide/glycerol mixtures down to glass-forming temperatures
Authors: Flämig Max , Gabrielyan Liana , Minikejew Rafael , Markarian Shiraz , Rössler Ernst A.
Published: April 2020

Mixtures of glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are studied by dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and by 1H field-cycling (FC) NMR relaxometry in the entire concentration range and down to glass-forming temperatures (170–323 K).
Effect of nitrogen substitution on luminescence tuning in garnets
Authors: Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin
Published: April 2020

Nitrogen substituting oxygen in garnets causes the expansion of a dodecahedron and increase of crystal-field splitting.
Quantitative structure–property relationship of the photoelectrochemical oxidation of phenolic pollutants at modified nanoporous titanium oxide using supervised machine learning
Authors: Dondapati Jesse S. , Chen Aicheng
Published: April 2020

The effects of intrinsic structural properties on the photoelectrochemical oxidation of phenolic pollutants at nanoporous TiO2 are systemically studied.
Readily producing a Silly Putty-like hydrogel with good self-healing, conductive and photothermal conversion properties based on dynamic coordinate bonds and hydrogen bonds
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Xu Bowen , Lu Xinyi , Wang Lei , Li Yunlong , Ma Ning , Wei Hao , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Guojun
Published: April 2020

A Silly Putty-like hydrogel with good self-healing, conductivity and photothermal conversion properties is shown
Multi-shelled upconversion nanostructures with enhanced photoluminescence intensity via successive epitaxial layer-by-layer formation (SELF) strategy for high-level anticounterfeiting
Authors: Evangelista Andrew J. , Ivanchenko Mariia , Myers Alline F. , McAnulty Lisa N. , Payne Gillian K. M. , Jing Hao
Published: April 2020

Multi-shelled upconversion nanoparticles with significantly enhanced emission intensity are synthesized via successive epitaxial layer-by-layer formation (SELF) strategy and used in dual-modal anticounterfeiting and latent fingerprint detection.
Boosting ppb-level triethylamine sensing of ZnO: adjusting proportions of electron donor defects
Authors: Wei Wenjing , Zhao Jingxiang , Shi Shaoxuan , Lin Huiming , Mao Zhu , Zhang Feng , Qu Fengyu
Published: April 2020

A higher percentage of donor defects allows ZnO to display an outstanding response (at the ppb level) and favorable selectivity towards TEA.
A complex comprising C15ORF41 and Codanin-1: the products of two genes mutated in congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type I (CDA-I)
Authors: Shroff Maithili , Knebel Axel , Toth Rachel , Rouse John
Published: April 2020

Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA) type I is a rare blood disorder characterised by moderate to severe macrocytic anaemia and hepatomegaly, with spongy heterochromatin and inter-nuclear bridges seen in bone marrow erythroblasts. The vast majority of cases of CDA type I are caused by mutations in the CDAN1 gene. The product of CDAN1 is Codanin-1, which interacts the histone chaperone ASF1 in the cytoplasm. Codanin-1 is a negative regulator of chromatin replication, sequestering ASF1 in the cytoplasm, restraining histone deposition and thereby limiting DNA replication. The remainder of CDA-I cases are caused by mutations in the C15ORF41 gene, but very little is known about the product of this gene. Here, we report that C15ORF41 forms a tight, near-stoichiometric complex with Codanin1 in human cells, interacting with the C-terminal region of Codanin-1. We present the characterisation of the C15ORF41–Codanin-1 complex in humans in cells and in vitro, and demonstrate that Codanin-1 appears to sequester C15ORF41 in the cytoplasm as previously shown for ASF1. The findings in this study have major implications for understanding the functions of C15ORF41 and Codanin-1, and the aetiology of CDA-I.
Ion beam techniques for nuclear waste management
Authors: Schiffer Markus , Stolz Alexander , Strub Erik , Herb Susan , Dewald Matthias , Margreiter Raphael , Papst Timm-Florian , Geusen Kevin , Jakobi Yannik , Hackenberg Gereon , Mueller-Gatermann Claus , Heinze Stefan , Dewald Alfred
Published: April 2020

An automated CO2 gas handling and injection system was developed. It is designed to dilute CO2 samples with blank gas in a mixing volume. The system is intended to be used for the characterization and quantification of 14C content in reactor graphite with accelerator mass spectrometry. A 100 kV accelerator system was developed to measure samples with high 14C content, to test the gas injection system and to measure the 3H content from gaseous releases of reactor graphite. Additionally, the Tandetron model 4130 was purchased from the Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena (Germany) and a concept was developed for installation at the accelerator building of the University of Cologne. With the new 3 MV system, new isotopic ratio measurements and ion beam techniques for material analysis can be performed. The system will be used for nuclear waste management measurements of isotopes, e.g. 3H, 14C, 36Cl, 41Ca and 55Fe, which are difficult to measure with other techniques.
Systematic Study of Quasifission in 48Ca-induced reactions
Authors: Swinton-Bland B. M. A. , Hinde D. J. , Dasgupta M. , Jeung D. Y. , Williams E. , Cook K. J. , Prasad E. , Rafferty D. C. , Sengupta C. , Simenel C. , Simpson E. C. , Smith J. F. , Vo-Phuoc K. , Walshe J.
Published: April 2020

The production of superheavy elements through the fusion of two heavy nuclei is severely hindered by the quasifission process, which results in the fission of heavy systems before an equilibrated compound nucleus (CN) can be formed. The heaviest elements have been synthesised using 48Ca as the projectile nucleus. However, the use of 48Ca in the formation of new superheavy elements has been exhausted, thus a detailed understanding of the properties that made 48Ca so successful is required. Measurements of mass-angle distributions allow fission fragment mass distribution widths to be determined. The effect of the orientation of prolate deformed target nuclei is presented. Closed shells in the entrance channel are also shown to be more important than the stability of the formed CN in reducing the quasifission component, with reduced mass widths for reactions with the closed shell target nuclei 144Sm and 208Pb. Comparison to mass widths for 48Ti-induced reactions show a significant increase in the mass width compared to 48Ca-induced reactions, highlighting the difficulty faced in forming new superheavy elements using projectiles with higher atomic number than 48Ca.
ASH 2018: Peripheres T-Zell-Lymphom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: April 2020

Beim peripheren T-Zell-Lymphom (PTCL) handelt es sich um eine seltene und heterogene Gruppe lymphatischer Malignome. Therapiestandard bei neu diagnostizierten Patienten ist ein CHOP-Regime, dennoch bleibt ein hohes Risiko für einen Progress oder einen Krankheitsrückfall bestehen. Bei der Jahrestagung der American Society of Hematology (ASH) wurden neue Studiendaten zur Therapieoptimierung präsentiert.
4 Fachleute – 4 Strategien: Spat beim Pferd
Authors: Grzybowski Marco , Börner Doris , Zohmann Andreas , Kreis Thomas
Published: April 2020

Spat ist eine multifaktorielle fortschreitende Gelenkerkrankung. Sie ist nicht heilbar. Es gibt jedoch unterschiedliche therapeutische Möglichkeiten, um die Symptome zu verringern und die Lebensqualität zu verbessern.
The Effects of Resistance Exercise Selection on Muscle Size and
Strength in Trained Women
Authors: Barbalho Matheus , Souza Daniel , Coswig Victor , Abrahin Odilon , Paoli Antonio , Gentil Paulo
Published: April 2020

The study compared the effects of resistance training programs composed by
multi-joint (MJ), single-joint (SJ) and the combination of multi- and
single-joint (MJ+SJ) exercises on muscle strength and hypertrophy in
trained women. Thirty participants were divided into groups that performed only
MJ exercises, SJ exercises and MJ+SJ exercises for six months.
Participants were tested for 1-repetition maximum (RM) and muscle thickness (MT)
before and after the intervention. All groups showed significant gains on 1RM
tests from pre- to post-training (P<0.01). However, MJ and MJ+SJ
groups obtained greater gains in 1RM for the MJ exercises in comparison with the
SJ group. Increases in 1RM for the SJ exercises were similar among groups, with
the exception of leg curl, where the SJ group obtained greater gains than MJ and
MJ+SJ. All groups obtained significant increases in MT from pre- to
post-training for all muscle groups. However, MJ and MJ+SJ groups
presented greater increases in gluteus maximus, quadriceps femoris and
pectoralis major in comparison with the SJ group. Therefore, our results suggest
that, in general, performing MJ exercises seems to be necessary to obtain
optimal results from a resistance training program; however SJ might be
necessary to provide optimal strength gains in knee flexion.
Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index as Determinants of Surgical Outcome
in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Naruse Mitsuhide , Yamamoto Koichi , Katabami Takuyuki , Nakamaru Ryo , Sone Masakatsu , Kobayashi Hiroki , Tanabe Akiyo
Published: April 2020

Although unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) should be curable by adrenalectomy
(ADX), postsurgical outcome is affected by several clinical factors. Herein we
reviewe the importance of age, gender, and BMI as determinants of surgical
success based on the recent findings including a nation-wide, multicenter study
in Japan (JPAS/JRAS). It is important to determine whether ADX for
elderly patients with unilateral PA is as beneficial as younger patients.
JPAS/JRAS showed that ADX could benefit elderly patients (>65
years) with definitive unilateral PA in curing of disease and improvement of
hypertension, although potential adverse outcomes including hyperkalemia and
renal insufficiency need to be considered in some elderly patients at high risk.
As shown in previous studies, JPAS/JRAS also demonstrated that female
gender was an independent predictor for clinical cure after ADX in patients with
unilateral PA. The gender-specific predominance of somatic mutations of
aldosterone-producing adenoma and sex hormones with vasculo-protective effects
might account for the difference of surgical outcome between genders.
Additionally, lower body mass index (BMI) has been shown to be one of the
predictive factors for better clinical outcome after ADX. The relation between
BMI and surgical outcome is, however, independent from aldosterone, since BMI
does not correlate with PAC in PA. Early diagnosis of PA and lifestyle
modification including weight control are essential to improve the surgical
outcome of the unilateral PA. Thus, clinical practice guideline should include
sophisticated strategy of ADX considering not only subtype diagnosis by adrenal
venous sampling but also age, gender, and BMI to predict better surgical
outcome.
Descriptive Analysis of Epidemiological Profile from Authors of Civil Claims Due to Supposed Medical Malpractice Against Neurosurgeons In Brazil
Authors: Flores Leandro Pretto , de Oliveira Walduy Fernandes
Published: April 2020

Introduction The neurosurgical practice often involves situations that require rapid and immediate decision making, and a very low margin for error may eventually lead to an unsatisfactory clinical outcome. Thus, neurosurgery is considered as a medical specialty with high risk for the occurrence of litigation for supposed malpractice. The main objective of the present study was to identify the most prevalent epidemiological profile of the authors of civil claims for alleged malpractice against neurosurgeons, as well as to identify the legal strategies most commonly employed in this type of lawsuit.

Methods This is a descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study, with review of the initials/exordials of all civil actions motivated by alleged malpractice against neurosurgeons, defended by an office specialized in Medical Law, from 2008 to 2018. Data were collected relative to the author of the action; the disease that led to the outbreak of the action; and some legal information of interest for the outcome of the litigation.

Results During the period studied, 16 compensation/eviction claims were identified as being motivated by supposed neurosurgical malpractice. The average age of the authors was 51 years old; with a high school or undergraduate level of education in 75% of the cases, and especially from the Class B social extract (43%). Degenerative affections of the lumbar spine (12 cases, 75%) were the most common diseases that motivated the litigation, followed by brain tumors (2 cases, 12.5%), 1 case of carpal tunnel syndrome, and 1 case of chronic pain due to inflammatory radiculitis. The average value of the sponsored claim was 649,000.00 reais. Justice gratuity was granted in 80% of the cases and the reversal of the burden of proof by 30%. The main documentary evidence was medical reports – from third parties or the surgeon him/herself, and medical records.

Conclusions The number of civil claims against neurosurgeons has been increasing dramatically over the past decade. The results of the present study may be useful to health professionals and law offices specialized in professional defense to identify some more effective measures regarding the prevention of potential litigation, in spite of the identification of the most common personal profiles that end up proposing a process of civilian repair against neurosurgeons.
Effects of the fresh mixture temperature on thermoacoustic instabilities in a lean premixed swirl-stabilized combustor
Authors: Zhang Bo , Shahsavari Mohammad , Rao Zhuming , Li Ruichao , Yang Shangrong , Wang Bing
Published: April 2020

This numerical study investigated the effects of the fresh mixture temperature on thermoacoustic instabilities in a lean premixed swirl-stabilized combustion chamber by utilizing high-fidelity, fully compressible large eddy simulations. At low fresh mixture temperatures, the side recirculation zone stabilized the premixed flame on the boundary of the burner rim, while the central part of the flame was detached from the burner due to the inability of the central recirculation zone to assist in flame stabilization. However, the central recirculation zone became stable enough to stabilize the central portion of the flame near the burner rim as the fresh mixture temperature increased. Moreover, the coherencies and penetration depths of the coherent structures and precessing vortex cores in the combustor increased with the fresh mixture temperature. Analyses showed that the limit cycle instabilities that occurred at low fresh mixture temperatures resulted from coupling between heat release fluctuations and the first tangential acoustic mode of the combustor. However, as the fresh mixture temperature increased, a combustor dynamics transition occurred, through which the coupling between heat release and pressure fluctuations shifted toward the mixed tangential and radial acoustical modes of the combustor. During this mode transition, limit cycle oscillations were replaced by burst oscillations. The results revealed that recirculation zones are the key features that trigger thermoacoustic instabilities at low fresh mixture temperatures, while coherent structures and precessing vortex cores are the main combustion instability drivers at high fresh mixture temperatures.
A perturbed-chain equation of state based on Wertheim TPT for the fully flexible LJ chains in the fluid and solid phases
Authors: Mirzaeinia Ali , Feyzi Farzaneh
Published: April 2020

In the framework of thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT), a new perturbed-chain equation of state (EOS) is presented for a fully flexible Lennard-Jones (LJ) chain system. The EOS is the sum of repulsive and perturbation contributions. The reference term of the EOS is derived based on first- and second-order TPT of Wertheim for the chains interacting with each other through the Weeks–Chandler–Anderson potential model. In order to derive the perturbation term, we have used the radial distribution function of the hard-chain system with a chain range of m = 2–10 and packing fraction range of η = 0.10–0.72, which cover the entire density range from vapor to solid phases. The performance of the EOS is tested against simulation data of the compressibility factor, residual internal energy, and phase equilibrium. A close agreement was observed across all cases. The EOS has three pure component parameters and is able to describe the global vapor–liquid–solid phase diagram of the LJ chain.
High-energy-density-science capabilities at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
Authors: Schoenberg K. , Bagnoud V. , Blazevic A. , Fortov V. E. , Gericke D. O. , Golubev A. , Hoffmann D. H. H. , Kraus D. , Lomonosov I. V. , Mintsev V. , Neff S. , Neumayer P. , Piriz A. R. , Redmer R. , Rosmej O. , Roth M. , Schenkel T. , Sharkov B. , Tahir N. A. , Varentsov D. , Zhao Y.
Published: April 2020

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will employ the World's highest intensity relativistic beams of heavy nuclei to uniquely create and investigate macroscopic (millimeter-sized) quantities of highly energetic and dense states of matter. Four principal themes of research have been identified: properties of materials driven to extreme conditions of pressure and temperature, shocked matter and material equation of state, basic properties of strongly coupled plasma and warm dense matter, and nuclear photonics with a focus on the excitation of nuclear processes in plasmas, laser-driven particle acceleration, and neutron production. The research program, principally driven by an international collaboration of scientists, called the HED@FAIR collaboration, will evolve over the next decade as the FAIR project completes and experimental capabilities develop. The first programmatic research element, called “FAIR Phase 0, officially began in 2018 to test components, detectors, and experimental techniques. Phase-0 research employs the existing and enhanced infrastructure of the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) heavy-ion synchrotron coupled with the PHELIX high-energy, high-intensity laser. The “FAIR Day one” experimental program, presently scheduled to begin in 2025, commences the use of FAIR's heavy-ion synchrotron, coupled to new experimental and diagnostic infrastructure, to realize the envisaged high-energy-density-science research program.
Observation of shock-front separation in multi-ion-species collisional plasma shocks
Authors: Byvank Tom , Langendorf Samuel J. , Thoma Carsten , Hsu Scott C.
Published: April 2020

We observe shock-front separation and species-dependent shock widths in multi-ion-species collisional plasma shocks, which are produced by obliquely merging plasma jets of a He/Ar mixture (97% He and 3% Ar by initial number density) on the plasma liner experiment [S. C. Hsu et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 46, 1951 (2018)]. Visible plasma emission near the He-I 587.6-nm and Ar-II 476.5–514.5-nm lines is simultaneously recorded by splitting a single visible image of the shock into two different fast-framing cameras with different narrow bandpass filters (589 ± 5 nm for observing the He-I line and 500 ± 25 nm for the Ar-II lines). For conditions in these experiments (pre-shock ion and electron densities ≈5×1014 cm−3, ion and electron temperatures of ≈2.2 eV, and relative plasma-merging speed of 22 km/s), the observationally inferred magnitude of He/Ar shock-front separation and the shock widths themselves are <1 cm, which correspond to ∼50 post-shock thermal ion–ion mean free paths. These experimental length scales are in reasonable qualitative and quantitative agreement with results from 1D multi-fluid simulations using the chicago code. However, there are differences between the experimentally inferred and simulation-predicted ionization states and line emission intensities, particularly in the post-shock region. Overall, the experimental and simulation results are consistent with theoretical predictions that the lighter He ions diffuse farther ahead within the overall shock front than the heavier Ar ions.
La2NiMnO6/poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites with enhanced magnetoelectric voltage
Authors: Tiwary Sweta , Kuila S. , Sahoo M. R. , Barik A. , Ghosh R. , Babu P. D. , Deshpande U. , Vishwakarma P. N.
Published: April 2020

Multiferroic polymer composites of La2NiMnO6 and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in the form of disks and thick films were made via a two-step method and a solution casting method, respectively. These composite samples are studied via powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The XRD data revealed the biphasic (P21/n + R-3c) crystal symmetry of La2NiMnO6 nanoparticles in the disk samples but monophasic (R-3c) crystal symmetry in the film sample. The formation of an electroactive β-phase of PVDF is observed in the FTIR spectra of a composite film sample. Estimation (via FTIR data) revealed the maximum β-phase fraction of PVDF (∼37%) and zero porosity (in FESEM images) for the film sample. The magnetoelectric (ME) voltage measurement on these composite samples show significant ME voltage for temperatures as high as 400 K, which otherwise is zero for T > 277 K in La2NiMnO6. Among the three composites, the film sample exhibited the maximum value of a first-order ME coefficient of 9.6 mV/cm Oe, and this value is at least two orders higher than that of the La2NiMnO6 pellet. Such a high value of ME coefficient favors this sample for its utilization in device applications and thus makes it technologically viable for ME based applications.
Graphene based plasma-wave devices for terahertz applications
Authors: Ryzhii V. , Otsuji T. , Shur M.
Published: April 2020

Unique properties of graphene are combined to enable graphene plasmonic devices that could revolutionize the terahertz (THz) electronic technology. A high value of the carrier mobility allows us to excite resonant plasma waves. The graphene bipolar nature allows for different mechanisms of plasma wave excitation. Graphene bilayer and multilayer structures make possible improved THz device configurations. The ability of graphene to form a high quality heterostructure with h-BN, black phosphorus, and other materials systems supports advanced heterostructure devices comprised of the best properties of graphene and other emerging materials. In particular, using black phosphorus compounds for cooling electron–hole plasma in graphene could dramatically improve the conditions for THz lasing. High optical phonon energy allows for reaching higher plasma frequencies that are supported by high sheet carrier densities in graphene. Recent improvements in graphene technology combined with a better understanding of the device physics of graphene THz plasmonics and graphene plasmonic device designs hold promise to make graphene THz plasmonic technology one of the key graphene applications. Commercialization of plasmonic graphene technology is facing the same challenges as other graphene applications, which have difficulties in producing uniform large graphene layers, bilayers, and heterostructures of high quality and making good low resistance stable Ohmic contacts. The time projection for large scale graphene electronic device applications now extends into the 2030s. However, emerging graphene mass production technologies might bring commercial applications of the graphene plasmonic terahertz technology closer.
Hairpin vortex structures in a supersonic, separated, longitudinal cylinder wake
Authors: Kirchner Branden M. , Elliott Gregory S. , Dutton J. Craig
Published: April 2020

The near-wake flow structure behind a blunt-based cylinder aligned with a Mach 2.49 freestream is studied experimentally using tomographic particle image velocimetry (TPIV), which acquires three-component velocity measurements throughout a volumetric region. TPIV measurements were acquired in three different volumetric regions throughout this flow, including two regions in the separated shear layer and one in the high-speed portion of the trailing wake, with a large ensemble of measurement volumes (approximately 2500) acquired in each region. The quality of these data is validated using point-by-point comparisons to previous experimental data with known uncertainty estimates. Hairpin vortex structures were observed to exist commonly throughout this flow field (in both subsonic and supersonic regions), and they induced strong turbulent fluctuations aligned with a consistent direction. Inverted hairpin vortex structures were also observed to commonly exist in this flow, inducing strong turbulent fluctuations in a direction opposite to that of the upright hairpins, but their presence was limited to subsonic flow regions. These coherent structures are demonstrated to be significant drivers of kinematic Reynolds shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy throughout this flow. A planar turbulent quadrant analysis was used to provide a measure of the spatial dependencies of these structures within the flow, and a linear stochastic estimation was used to provide robust statistical evidence of their frequent existence in various subregions. Upright hairpins were demonstrated to statistically grow with streamwise progression, and the strength of their induced velocity fluctuations increased in the presence of the adverse pressure gradient associated with flow field reattachment.
Magneto-optical Kerr effect in a non-collinear antiferromagnet Mn3Ge
Authors: Wu Mingxing , Isshiki Hironari , Chen Taishi , Higo Tomoya , Nakatsuji Satoru , Otani YoshiChika
Published: April 2020

Non-collinear antiferromagnet Mn3Sn is a functional material that exhibits the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) as well as the anomalous Hall effect, arising from the nonvanishing Berry curvature in the broken time-reversal symmetry lattice system likewise the ferromagnets. Mn3Ge, isostructural to Mn3Sn, is also expected to exhibit a similar MOKE but has not been demonstrated yet. In this study, we performed the MOKE measurement in a Mn3Ge single crystal and obtained a large polar MOKE signal (∼8.2 mdeg) and a longitudinal MOKE signal (∼5.6 mdeg). Furthermore, by applying hyperfine polishing and annealing to the surface, we rebuilt a homogenous surface and largely improved the reproducibility of the MOKE signal in Mn3Ge.
Dynamic response of a cable with triangular cross section subject to uniform flow at Reynolds number 3900
Authors: Zhu Hongbo , Ping Huan , Wang Rui , Bao Yan , Zhou Dai , Wei Xuesen , Han Zhaolong
Published: April 2020

The flow-induced vibrations of an infinite long flexible cable with a triangular cross section allowed to oscillate in the transverse direction are numerically investigated at a subcritical Reynolds number of 3900. The aim of the present investigation is to reveal the underlying mechanisms of galloping of a triangular cable via a highly resolved direct numerical simulation employing a high-order spectral/hp element method. Based on our previous results [Zhu et al., Phys. Fluids 31, 057101 (2019)], only one angle of attack in which one of the sides is facing the incoming flow, α = 60°, is studied in the present simulation. A tensioned beam model is employed to govern the dynamics of the triangular cable, and a tension value is selected to trigger a single wave along the cable. The numerical results show that the response amplitude of the triangular cable is significantly larger than that of a circular cable at the same conditions, i.e., the triangular cable vibration is more vigorous. Besides, the motion of the triangular cable can be divided into two independent types: the low frequency related to galloping and the high frequency related to vortex shedding. The first- and second-order turbulence statistics are also resolved to investigate the wake characteristics of a flexible body in a turbulent regime. The numerical results indicate that, as compared to the circular cable at the same conditions, more kinetic energy is transferred from the fluid to the triangular cable, which, in turn, is responsible for a lower turbulence intensity in the near wake (x/D < 10.0) of the cable.
Stable three-dimensional Langmuir vortex soliton
Authors: Lashkin Volodymyr M.
Published: April 2020

We present a numerical solution in the form of a three-dimensional vortex soliton in unmagnetized plasma in the model of the generalized Zakharov equations with saturating exponential nonlinearity. To find the solution with a high accuracy, we use a two-step numerical method combining the Petviashvili iteration procedure and the Newton–Kantorovich method. The vortex soliton with the topological charge m = 1 turns out to be stable, provided that the nonlinear frequency shift exceeds a certain critical value. The stability predictions are verified by direct simulations of the full dynamical equation.
Polarized Gaussian basis sets from one-electron ions
Authors: Lehtola Susi
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate that basis sets suitable for electronic structure calculations can be obtained from simple accuracy considerations for the hydrogenic one-electron ions Y(Y−1)+ for Y ∈ [1, Z], necessitating no self-consistent field calculations at all. It is shown that even-tempered basis sets with parameters from the commonly used universal Gaussian basis set (UGBS) [E. V. R. de Castro and F. E. Jorge, J. Chem. Phys. 108, 5225 (1998)] reproduce non-relativistic spin-restricted spherical Hartree–Fock total energies from fully numerical calculations to better accuracy than UGBS, which is shown to exhibit huge errors for some elements, e.g., 0.19 Eh for Th+ and 0.13 Eh for Lu, as it has been parameterized for a single atomic configuration. Having shown the feasibility of the one-electron approach, partially energy-optimized basis sets are formed for all atoms in the Periodic Table, 1 ≤ Z ≤ 118, by optimizing the even-tempered parameters for Z(Z−1)+. As the hydrogenic Gaussian basis sets suggested in this work are built strictly from first principles, polarization shells can also be obtained in the same fashion in contrast to previous approaches. The accuracy of the polarized basis sets is demonstrated by calculations on a small set of molecules by comparison to fully numerical reference values, which show that chemical accuracy can be reached even for challenging cases such as SF6. This approach is straightforward to extend to relativistic calculations and could facilitate studies beyond the established Periodic Table.
High magnetoresistance in Bi0.91Sb0.09 single crystals doped with Te and Sn
Authors: Kozhemyakin G. N. , Zayakin S. A.
Published: April 2020

Investigations are presented of how donor and acceptor doping influence the magnetotransport in Bi0.91Sb0.09 single crystals. Perfect and homogeneous Bi0.91Sb0.09 single crystals with Te and Sn doping from 5 × 10−5 at. % to 10−3 at. % were grown by the Czochralski technique using a solid Sb feed. High carrier mobilities of up to 8.2 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 77 K were achieved in these single crystals. In a magnetic field of 1.0 T and at temperatures of less than 150 K, undoped and doped Bi0.91Sb0.09 single crystals exhibited magnetoresistances higher than those of other materials. The influences of Te and Sn doping of Bi0.91Sb0.09 single crystals, a feature of their band structure, and the changes of the carrier effective mass, density, and mobility in magnetic field on magnetoresistances and applicability of the Abrikosov quantum theory were studied. A high linear magnetoresistance of 5800% was reached in an Sn-doped (1.5 × 10−4 at. %) single crystal in a magnetic field of 1.15 T at 90 K. The present results suggest that the studied single crystals may be promising materials for magnetic sensors and multifunctional electromagnetic devices.
Correlation of oxygen vacancy and Jahn–Teller polarons in epitaxial perovskite SrMnO3 ultrathin films: Dielectric spectroscopy investigations
Authors: Bai Jiawei , Liu Qingqing , Wu Man , Yang Jing , Jiang Wei , Wang Jianlu , Bai Wei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Tang Xiaodong , Chu Junhao
Published: April 2020

Temperature-dependent dielectric spectroscopy was used to observe multiple dielectric responses involving four sets of dielectric relaxations (DRs) in molecular beam epitaxy-deposited ultrathin (001) SrMnO3/Nb:SrTiO3 heterojunctions. Two sets of oxygen-vacancy (OV)-related DRs, which were sensitive to oxygen annealing, were attributed to short-range OV hopping and localized Jahn–Teller (JT)-polaron hopping-induced dipolar-type relaxations. Arising from electron-phonon coupling between eg electrons and JT-distortion in Mn3+ ions, the appearance of JT-polarons was closely related to the presence of oxygen vacancies, which leads to transitions from Mn4+ to Mn3+.
Preliminary investigation of a magnetically insulated relativistic backward wave oscillator operating in the C-band with low magnetic field
Authors: Wang Huida , Xiao Renzhen , Chen Changhua , Shi Yanchao , Zhang Guangshuai
Published: April 2020

The design and preliminary results for a C-band relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO), which is magnetically well insulated, are presented. Under an external magnetic field of 0.36 T, the RBWO generated high power microwave radiation with a power of 3.3 GW and a frequency of 4.37 GHz for a diode voltage of 870 kV and a beam current of 13.5 kA. The electric field on the surface of the cathode holder was below the emission threshold, and an inlaid graphite cathode was designed to suppress the shunting current in the diode area. The device, operating with a low magnetic field and diode insulation, is a promising candidate for use as a permanent magnet package in high power microwave systems.
Deformation of Néel-type skyrmions revealed by Lorentz transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Zhang Senfu , Zhang Junwei , Wen Yan , Peng Yong , Qiu Ziqiang , Matsumoto Takao , Zhang Xixiang
Published: April 2020

Néel-type magnetic skyrmions in multilayers are promising candidates for ultra-low power spintronic devices. To image the Néel-type skyrmions using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (L-TEM), the samples must be tilted. Thus, the external magnetic field consists of both in-plane and out-of-plane components. To date, it is still not well known on the effect of the in-plane magnetic field on the L-TEM images, leading to ambiguities in retrieving the structure of Néel-type skyrmions. Here, Néel-type skyrmions in three [Pt/Co/Ta]20 multilayer samples, with the easy magnetization axis being tuned from the out-of-plane to the in-plane direction by increasing the Co thickness from 1.8 to 2.2 nm, are imaged. When using a smaller defocus value (−2 mm) and a higher magnification (×9100) of L-TEM, a surprising dark-bright-dark-bright double contrasted pattern, instead of the previously reported dark-bright contrasted pattern, is observed. The additional dark-bright contrasted pattern becomes more evident for thicker Co layer samples in which the magnetization axis tilts more toward the in-plane direction. Further analysis, via a combination of magnetic force microscopy experiments, micromagnetic simulations, and micromagnetic analysis to Lorentz TEM simulation, shows that the additional dark-bright features originate from the deformation of the Néel-type skyrmions within an in-plane magnetic field.
Synthetic antiferromagnet-based spin Josephson oscillator
Authors: Liu Yizhou , Barsukov Igor , Barlas Yafis , Krivorotov Ilya N. , Lake Roger K.
Published: April 2020

Two easy-plane ferromagnetic layers, antiferromagnetically coupled through a thin nonmagnetic metal layer, form the magnetic analog of a Josephson junction. A current driven spin chemical potential drives a 2π precession of the in-plane magnetization of each ferromagnet. The participation of the full magnetic moment in the 2π precession maximizes the giant magnetoresistance and the ac output power. The frequency can be continuously tuned by a dc bias. An applied ac bias results in a time-averaged magnetoresistance with Shapiro-like steps. The multistate mode-locking behavior exhibited by the Shapiro steps may be exploited for applications such as microwave detectors and neuromorphic computing. They may also serve as an experimental signature of spin superfluidity.
Dynamics of compact vortex rings generated by axial swirlers at early stage
Authors: He Chuangxin , Gan Lian , Liu Yingzheng
Published: April 2020

This work concentrates on the study of flow dynamics of swirl vortex rings at the Reynolds number Re = 20 000 using a combination of the planar- and stereo-particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and dynamic delayed detached-eddy simulation. Particular attention is paid to the identification of the large-scale azimuthal modes in the vortex ring propagation process. In the experiments, vortex rings are issued from piston-driven axial swirlers with the swirl number ranges from S = 0 to 1.10. The stroke ratio L/D = 1.5 is used to produce a compact vortex ring without a trailing jet. PIV measurements are conducted in a water tank, while the in-plane component flow velocities on the longitudinal center plane and the three-component flow velocities on the cross section plane at several downstream locations according to the ring trajectories are obtained. In the simulation, the axial swirlers are also included, while the piston motion is realized by imposing a time-dependent inflow condition. Two types of dynamic effects in the vortex ring propagation process are captured by the planar-PIV measurement: the arriving time effect and the azimuthal effect, which induce parallel shift of the vortex ring core and the radial tilting of the vortex sheet, respectively. These modes are identified using the stereo-PIV results by applying the fast Fourier transform in the azimuthal direction, followed by the proper orthogonal decomposition on the radial and temporal directions. It shows that both m = 0 and 1 modes (m is the azimuthal wave number) coexist in the weakly swirled vortex rings, while the m = 2 mode arises and the m = 0 mode decays at high swirl numbers. The simulation also identifies the m = 1 and 2 modes, while the m = 2 mode has a large pitch with respect to the formation time.
Temperature-FORC analysis of a magnetocaloric Heusler alloy using a unified driving force approach (T*FORC)
Authors: Franco Victorino
Published: April 2020

Temperature-first order reversal curve (FORC) distributions of thermomagnetic phase transitions are a fingerprinting tool to identify features of the phase transformations of the material. However, they have two major limitations: qualitative character, due to the shift of the loops with increasing driving forces, and long experimental time. The use of an effective temperature that takes into account the different driving forces affecting the transformation allows for a more quantitative comparison of the features of the FORC distributions, as it eliminates the need for an ad hoc selection of the origin of the distribution axes. At the same time, experimental measurements as a function of this effective temperature are significantly faster than purely temperature loops, hinting at a future possibility of time and cost efficient FORC characterization of temperature dependent transitions.
Reading a whole book to learn vocabulary
Authors: Nation I.S.P.
Published: April 2020

This chapter examines whether it is a good idea to choose a book that interests you and read it through from the beginning to the end learning all the new words you meet. For the analysis, it is assumed that learners already know the most frequent 3,000 words of English. The criteria used to guide this investigation include the number of unknown words met, the usefulness of the unknown words, the density of the unknown words, and the number of repetitions of the unknown words. Reading a whole book intensively is not a good idea unless the book is a graded reader, a technical text in a relevant subject area, or a set text that would be examined as a part of assessment. Where learners need to do such reading of unsimplified texts, they should be strategic in dealing with unknown vocabulary.
Everyone “leaves” the world eventually
Authors: Sullivan Karen , Wachowski Wojciech
Published: April 2020

What causes metaphors to be similar or different across languages? It can be tempting to associate differences with culture and similarities with embodiment, since human cultures are diverse and human bodies are comparable. However, we argue that the death of a loved one is such a widespread experience that it forms part of every human culture. We argue that linguistic instantiations of death is departure tend to focus on the starting point of the deceased person’s journey and the arrival of the person’s remains in their final resting place. We attribute these trends to the fact that living people around the world are focused on their loved ones’ absence in the here-and-now, and living people often place importance on physical sites associated with deceased loved ones, such as the location of their remains. These cross-linguistic trends emphasize that culture can lead to similarities as well as differences in metaphoric structures.
Improving die tooling properties by spraying TiC-Ti-Al and TiB2-Ti-Al electro-explosive coatings
Authors: Romanov Denis A
Published: April 2020

This article describes increasing wear resistance of 5CrNiMo die steel by more than 5 times. This effect is achieved by creating TiC-Ti-Al and TiB2-Ti-Al coatings on the surface of 5CrNiMo die steel. The microhardness of the formed coatings depends on which part of the structure is measured. The microhardness differs by more than 12 times in the matrix material and in the inclusions of titanium carbides and borides. However, the combination of metal matrix composites and the reinforcing inclusions suggests a high complex of properties of the formed coatings. The formation of wear-resistant coatings of these systems is carried out by two-stage treatment. At the first stage, electro-explosive spraying of TiC-Ti-Al or TiB2-Ti-Al coatings is performed. At the second stage, electron-beam treatment of these coatings is carried out. The structure uniformity during electro-explosive spraying is enforced by specially designed composite conductors, which are electrically exploded. The reason for wear resistance increase is the formation of a multiphase finely dispersed structure in coatings based on TiC, Al3Ti, Ti and Ti3Al phases for TiC-Ti-Al system and TiB2, TiB and AlTi3 phases for TiB2-Ti-Al system. The structure was also studied in detail at the interface between the coatings and the substrate using transmission electron microscopy. The studies of the structure of electro-explosive coatings were compared with the structural features of TiC-Ti-Al composite coatings obtained by the laser cladding technique on the surface of TiAl alloy. Comparison of the findings of the structure obtained by these two different spraying methods revealed both general patterns and characteristic features for each of the coating methods. They relate to features at the interface between the coatings and the substrate, as well as characteristic unitary coating layers.
Tunable electron transport with intergranular separation in FePt-C nanogranular films
Authors: Joseph Joshy , Wang Jian , Varaprasad B S D Ch S , Takahashi Y K , Hono K , Rajanikanth A
Published: April 2020

We report electron transport mechanism in FePt-C granular films as a function of temperature by varying intergranular separation. FePt-C nanogranular films were prepared by sputtering on MgO substrates. From magnetic measurement of the sample, a coercivity of about 3T was found in the perpendicular direction. Above 25 K, the electrical resistivity of the films were found to obey Mott variable range hopping, Efros-Shklovskii variable range hopping and extended critical regime depending on the intergranular separation. However, at lower temperatures it deviates from the above behaviour showing an increase in conductance. Reduced activation energy calculated from resistivity data of these films shows metal-insulator transition. The metallic nature observed at low temperature was attributed to the intergranular ferromagnetic type ordering between granules that enhances the transport of electrons. Intergranular separation, thus, can be used as a tool to engineer the electron transport mechanism to different hopping regimes or extended critical regime in these films.
Excitation power dependent Coulomb induced recombination dynamics in magnetically doped type-II quantum dots
Authors: Tarasek Steven , Chou Wu-Ching , Fan Wen-Chung , Thomay Tim
Published: April 2020

We observe that the wavefunction overlap of the carriers in type-II quantum dots (QDs) can be controlled by magnetic doping and strongly depends on the excitation power density. We study two different II-VI magnetic systems; ZnTe/(Zn, Mn)Se QDs with magnetic dopants in the matrix surrounding the dots, and (Zn, Mn)Te/ZnSe QDs doped in the dot core. Both magnetic systems, regardless of the location of the dopant magnetic ions, show a stark contrast in their emission with high excitation power densities (P
ex) when compared to nonmagnetic ZnTe/ZnSe QDs. Using time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), we observe a saturation in the blue shift for the magnetic systems at a lower P
ex, while additionally exhibiting a limited lifetime shortening over the entire range of P
ex, when compared to the nonmagnetic QDs. The results for the two magnetic systems are very similar, showing no dependence on the location of the magnetic impurities. This suggests that the behavior observed is an effect of the magnetic polaron on the band bending in the high P
ex regime. The ability to use magnetic ions to quickly saturate the charge concentration and control band bending in QDs could potentially aid in optimizing optoelectronic devices which are sensitive to high charge variations.
Multilevel Regression and Poststratification Versus Survey Sample Weighting for Estimating Population Quantities in Large Population Health Studies
Authors: Downes Marnie , Carlin John B
Published: April 2020

Multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP) is a model-based approach for estimating a population parameter of interest, generally from large-scale surveys. It has been shown to be effective in highly selected samples, which is particularly relevant to investigators of large-scale population health and epidemiologic surveys facing increasing difficulties in recruiting representative samples of participants. We aimed to further examine the accuracy and precision of MRP in a context where census data provided reasonable proxies for true population quantities of interest. We considered 2 outcomes from the baseline wave of the Ten to Men study (Australia, 2013–2014) and obtained relevant population data from the 2011 Australian Census. MRP was found to achieve generally superior performance relative to conventional survey weighting methods for the population as a whole and for population subsets of varying sizes. MRP resulted in less variability among estimates across population subsets relative to sample weighting, and there was some evidence of small gains in precision when using MRP, particularly for smaller population subsets. These findings offer further support for MRP as a promising analytical approach for addressing participation bias in the estimation of population descriptive quantities from large-scale health surveys and cohort studies.