bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—Ibogaine
Authors: Cherian Kirsten , Shinozuka Kenneth , Tabaac Burton J. , Arenas Alejandro , Beutler Bryce D. , Evans Viviana D. , Fasano Chelsey , Muir Owen S.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Ibogaine is a plant-derived alkaloid that has been used for thousands of years in rites of passage and spiritual ceremonies in West-Central Africa. In the West, it has primarily been used and studied for its anti-addictive properties and more recently for other neuropsychiatric indications, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and traumatic brain injury.

Areas of Uncertainty:

Ibogaine requires careful patient screening and monitoring because of significant safety issues. There is potential for cardiotoxicity (prolonged QT interval); without rigorous screening, fatal arrhythmias may occur. However, preliminary research suggests that co-administration of ibogaine with magnesium may mitigate cardiotoxicity. Additionally, ibogaine may have dangerous interactions with opiates, so patients who receive ibogaine treatment for opioid use disorder must withdraw from long-acting opioids. Other potential concerning effects of ibogaine include rare incidences of mania or psychosis. Anticipated transient effects during ibogaine treatment can include ataxia, tremors, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Therapeutic Advances:

Robust effects after a single treatment with ibogaine have been reported. In open-label and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), ibogaine reduces heroin and opioid cravings by upwards of 50%, up to 24 weeks after the treatment. An observational study of 30 Special Operations Forces veterans with mild traumatic brain injury reported that 86% were in remission from post-traumatic stress disorder, 83% from depression, and 83% from anxiety, one month after a single-dose ibogaine treatment.

Limitations:

Although there are several observational and open-label studies, there is only a single double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT on ibogaine. More RCTs with large sample sizes must be conducted to support ibogaine's safety and efficacy.

Conclusions:

Given the promising preliminary findings, ibogaine could potentially fill a much-needed gap in treatments for challenging conditions, including opioid dependence. Ibogaine's remarkable effects in traditionally treatment-resistant, combat-exposed individuals hints at its potential in broader populations with physical and psychological trauma.
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—Psilocybin
Authors: Tabaac Burton J. , Shinozuka Kenneth , Arenas Alejandro , Beutler Bryce D. , Cherian Kirsten , Evans Viviana D. , Fasano Chelsey , Muir Owen S.
Published: March 2024

Background:

The primary psychoactive drug in magic mushrooms, psilocybin, induces profound alterations in consciousness through the 5-HT2A receptor. This review consolidates current research findings to elucidate the pharmacology, safety profile, and clinical applications of psilocybin.

Areas of Uncertainty:

Despite initial concerns that psilocybin could cause psychosis, contemporary research has demonstrated that psilocybin is generally safe. The most common adverse effects are nausea and headache, yet both tend to be transient. Serious adverse events can generally be avoided in controlled settings such as clinical trials. However, in the largest clinical trial to date, there were a total of 7 reported cases of suicidal ideation, up to 12 weeks after receiving a single 25 mg dose of psilocybin. That being said, all 7 cases did not respond to the treatment. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may blunt the hallucinogenic qualities of psilocybin, preliminary research suggests that they may enhance its antidepressant effects.

Therapeutic Advances:

In clinical trials, psilocybin has shown promise for treating major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Initial studies indicated that 42%–57% of patients underwent remission after psilocybin-assisted therapy, which suggests that psilocybin is more effective than existing antidepressant medications. Clinical data have also demonstrated that psilocybin can manage substance use disorders and end-of-life anxiety with clinical outcomes that are sustained for months and sometimes years after 1 or 2 doses.

Limitations:

However, larger Phase II trials with more than 100 depressed participants have shown a much smaller remission rate of 25%–29%, though these studies still observed that psilocybin causes a significant reduction in depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:

Aside from ketamine, psilocybin is the most clinically well-researched psychedelic drug, with trials that have enrolled hundreds of participants and multiple therapeutic applications. Phase III trials will determine whether psilocybin lives up to the promise that it showed in previous clinical trials.
Comparison of two different orthoses used in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis
Authors: Sarı Mustafa , Öztürk Demet , Bek Nilgün
Published: March 2024

Background:

Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is one of the most common causes of lateral elbow pain, and orthoses are often used in its conservative treatment. However, the number of studies examining the effectiveness of the orthoses used and their differences compared to each other is limited.

Objective:

To determine the effects of 2 orthoses types, wrist orthosis (WO) and counterforce brace (CB), commonly used in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis on muscle activation, grip strength, hand function, and satisfaction level in healthy individuals.

Study Design:

Quasi-experimental study.

Methods:

Thirty-seven healthy individuals were recruited. Muscle activation was evaluated by surface electromyography, and maximum grip strength was evaluated with a handheld dynamometer. Hand function and satisfaction level were evaluated with Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test and Orthotics and Prosthetics Users Survey, respectively. All evaluations were conducted for each individual in 3 conditions (no orthosis, WO, and CB).

Results:

Extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscle activation was greater when using CB compared with that when without orthosis (p = 0.036). There was no significant difference in extensor digitorum communis (EDC) muscle activation and maximum grip strength among the conditions (p > 0.05). Hand function was worse when using the WO compared with the other conditions (p < 0.001). In terms of orthosis satisfaction, individuals were found to be significantly more satisfied with the use of CB (p = 0.001).

Conclusions:

In our study highlight the use of CB in terms of EDC muscle activity, grip strength, hand function, and satisfaction, while the use of WO is prominent in terms of keeping extensor carpi radialis muscle activity low, which has been shown to be important for LE. To obtain definitive results on the effectiveness of different orthoses in the treatment of LE, more research is needed to compare the muscular activation in the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and EDC muscles with objective methods.
HEPARIN-BINDING PROTEIN LEVELS PREDICT UNFAVORABLE OUTCOME IN COVID-19 PNEUMONIA: A POST HOC ANALYSIS OF THE SAVE TRIAL
Authors: Kyriazopoulou Evdoxia , Dalekos George N. , Metallidis Symeon , Poulakou Garyphalia , Papanikolaou Ilias C. , Tzavara Vasiliki , Argyraki Katerina , Alexiou Zoi , Panagopoulos Periklis , Samarkos Michael , Chrysos George , Tseliou Aikaterini , Milionis Haralampos , Sympardi Styliani , Vasishta Anil , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J.
Published: March 2024

We aimed to evaluate heparin-binding protein (HBP) as a marker of prognosis of unfavorable outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia. This was a post hoc analysis of the SAVE clinical trial investigating anakinra treatment, guided by suPAR (soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) levels ≥6 ng/mL, for the prevention of severe respiratory failure in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Baseline HBP plasma levels were measured in 534 patients by fluorescence dry quantitative immunoassay using the Jet-iStar 800 analyzer. Concentrations higher than 35 ng/mL predicted 30-day mortality with a moderate specificity of 53.3% and negative predictive value 78.1%; sensitivity was low (29.0%). After multivariate Cox analysis, HBP higher than 35 ng/mL was an independent predictor of 30-day unfavorable outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.06–2.94;P= 0.028) and these patients were also at greater risk of death after 90 days (hazard ratio, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.25–2.74;P= 0.002). The cutoff was not predictive of development of severe respiratory failure, septic shock or acute kidney injury. Among patients with baseline HBP levels higher than 35 ng/mL, anakinra treatment was associated with decreased mortality (7.2%)versuscomparators (18.1%;P< 0.001). Results confirm that HBP may be an early biomarker of poor outcome among preselected patients at risk from COVID-19 pneumonia.

ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04357366.
Long-term Outcomes following Resection of Adenocarcinoma Arising from Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (A-IPMN) versus Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)
Authors: Lucocq James , Halle-Smith James , Haugk Beate , Joseph Nejo , Hawkyard Jake , Lye Jonathan , Parkinson Daniel , White Steve , Mownah Omar , Zen Yoh , Menon Krishna , Furukawa Takaki , Inoue Yosuke , Hirose Yuki , Sasahira Naoki , Mittal Anubhav , Samra Jas , Sheen Amy , Feretis Michael , Balakrishnan Anita , Ceresa Carlo , Davidson Brian , Pande Rupaly , Dasari Bobby V.M. , Tanno Lulu , Karavias Dimitrios , Helliwell Jack , Young Alistair , Marks Kate , Nunes Quentin , Urbonas Tomas , Silva Michael , Gordon-Weeks Alex , Barrie Jenifer , Gomez Dhanny , van Laarhoven Stijn , Nawara Hossam , Doyle Joseph , Bhogal Ricky , Harrison Ewen , Roalso Marcus , Ciprani Debora , Aroori Somaiah , Ratnayake Bathiya , Koea Jonathan , Capurso Gabriele , Bellotti Ruben , Stättner Stefan , Alsaoudi Tareq , Bhardwaj Neil , Rajesh Srujan , Jeffery Fraser , Connor Saxon , Cameron Andrew , Jamieson Nigel , Soreide Kjetil , Gill Anthony J. , Roberts Keith , Pandanaboyana Sanjay
Published: March 2024

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to compare long-term post-resection oncological outcomes between A-IPMN and PDAC.

Summary Background Data:

Knowledge of long term oncological outcomes (e.g recurrence and survival data) comparing between adenocarcinoma arising from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (A-IPMN) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is scarce.

Methods:

Patients undergoing pancreatic resection (2010-2020) for A-IPMN were identified retrospectively from 18 academic pancreatic centres and compared with PDAC patients from the same time-period. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was performed and survival and recurrence were compared between A-IPMN and PDAC.

Results:

459 A-IPMN patients (median age,70; M:F,250:209) were compared with 476 PDAC patients (median age,69; M:F,262:214). A-IPMN patients had lower T-stage, lymphovascular invasion (51.4%vs. 75.6%), perineural invasion (55.8%vs. 71.2%), lymph node positivity (47.3vs. 72.3%) and R1 resection (38.6%vs. 56.3%) compared to PDAC(P<0.001). The median survival and time-to-recurrence for A-IPMN versus PDAC were 39.0 versus19.5months (P<0.001) and 33.1 versus 14.8months (P<0.001), respectively (median follow-up,78 vs.73 months). Ten-year overall survival for A-IPMN was 34.6%(27/78) and PDAC was 9%(6/67). A-IPMN had higher rates of peritoneal (23.0 vs. 9.1%, P<0.001) and lung recurrence (27.8% vs. 15.6%, P<0.001) but lower rates of locoregional recurrence (39.7% vs. 57.8%; P<0.001). Matched analysis demonstrated inferior overall survival (P=0.005), inferior disease-free survival (P=0.003) and higher locoregional recurrence (P<0.001) in PDAC compared to A-IPMN but no significant difference in systemic recurrence rates (P=0.695).

Conclusions:

PDACs have inferior survival and higher recurrence rates compared to A-IPMN in matched cohorts. Locoregional recurrence is higher in PDAC but systemic recurrence rates are comparable and constituted by their own distinctive site-specific recurrence patterns.
Gummatous mitral valve endocarditis from tertiary syphilis
Authors: George Nisha , Pan Daniel , Sze Shirley , Williams Caroline , El-Dean Zein , Zlocha Victor , Webb Elizabeth , Pareek Manish
Published: March 2024

A 50-year old Romanian gentleman presented with fever, myalgia and 30kg weight loss. He was treated for syphilis previously, after acquiring it from his ex-wife 16 years ago. On examination, there was a pansystolic murmur in the axilla, and the patient had an ataxic gait. Blood tests showed raised inflammatory markers. However, standard investigations for infective endocarditis, including multiple blood cultures, serological titres for fastidious organisms and antibody tests were negative.
 
CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis demonstrated hepatosplenomegaly with multiple splenic infarcts. MRI of the head with contrast showed multiple punctate enhancement in the bilateral hemispheres with leptomeningeal enhancement. Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated large vegetation leading to severe mitral regurgitation. Serum treponemal antibodies were positive; TPPA was positive at 1:1280 and RPR: 1:4 Treponemal IgM was negative; lumbar puncture syphilis serology was negative. The patient was treated with an extensive period of intravenous antibiotics, in addition to a prosthetic metallic valve replacement, where unusual ragged calcified valvular tissue was observed. 
 
Tertiary syphilis is a difficult diagnosis to confirm, since it can often be indolent and occur in areas of the body where they may go unnoticed. In our case, a diagnosis of syphilitic endocarditis was made from a combination of the history, an initial increase in size of the lesion following antibiotic therapy and observation of likely gumma on the mitral valve during surgery. In such cases, surgery in addition to optimal antimicrobial therapy is necessary for effective treatment.
The PRC2.1 Subcomplex Opposes G1 Progression through Regulation of CCND1 and CCND2
Authors: Longhurst Adam D. , Wang Kyle , Suresh Harsha Garadi , Ketavarapu Mythili , Ward Henry N. , Jones Ian R. , Narayan Vivek , Hundley Frances V. , Hassan Arshia Zernab , Boone Charles , Myers Chad L. , Shen Yin , Ramani Vijay , Andrews Brenda J. , Toczyski David P.
Published: March 2024

Progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle is the most highly regulated step in cellular division. We employed a chemogenetic approach to discover novel cellular networks that regulate cell cycle progression. This approach uncovered functional clusters of genes that altered sensitivity of cells to inhibitors of the G1/S transition. Mutation of components of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 2 rescued proliferation inhibition caused by the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, but not to inhibitors of S phase or mitosis. In addition to its core catalytic subunits, mutation of the PRC2.1 accessory protein MTF2, but not the PRC2.2 protein JARID2, rendered cells resistant to palbociclib treatment. We found that PRC2.1 (MTF2), but not PRC2.2 (JARID2), was critical for promoting H3K27me3 deposition at CpG islands genome-wide and in promoters. This included the CpG islands in the promoter of the CDK4/6 cyclins CCND1 and CCND2, and loss of MTF2 lead to upregulation of both CCND1 and CCND2. Our results demonstrate a role for PRC2.1, but not PRC2.2, in antagonizing G1 progression in a diversity of cell linages, including CML, breast cancer and immortalized cell lines.
Electroantennography Responses of African Meliponine Bee Species (Hymenoptera: meliponini) to Hetero-Specific Trail Pheromones: Glandular Sequestration of Terpenyl Esters
Authors: Bobadoye Bridget O. , Nganso Beatrice T. , Kiatoko N
Published: March 2024

Preliminary studies of electroantennographic responses of African meliponine bees to trail pheromones were performed using four meliponine species;Hypotrigona gribodoi, Meliponula ferruginea(black),Meliponula ferruginea(reddish brown) andMelipona bocandei. Experiments withMeliponula ferruginea(black) and (reddish brown) revealing antennae responses to pentane extracts containing the nasonov gland and tarsal glands respectively. Because the glandular origin of pheromone marks deposited by African meliponine bee’s species has not yet been investigated, we first confirmed if these species carry out scent marking and recruitment behavior at floral sources. Secondly we tested if either nasonov or tarsal gland secretions elicited trail-following behavior in newly recruited bees by means of chemical and electrophysiological analyses as well as with bio-assays testing both natural extracts and synthetic pheromone compounds from both glands. A significantly higher proportion of foragers from the four species were attracted and recruited additional foragers to floral resources baited with natural extracts from their own tarsal and nasonov glands. The dominant compound from postpharyngeal gland extracts detected by the chemo-receptors on the foragers’ antennae from these four species belongs to the chemical class of terpenoid esters, with (E)-β Farnesene constituting a dominant part of this trail pheromone in all four species. This terpenoid could potentially be a singular olfactory cue with dual functionality for resource partitioning and competition avoidance between con-specific and hetero-specific foragers on floral resources, which commonly occurs when foragers from different colonies are scouting for food sources in overlapping foraging areas.
Navigating the Multiverse: A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Selecting Harmonisation Methods for Multimodal Biomedical Data
Authors: Magateshvaren Saras Murali Aadhitya , Mitra Mithun K. , Tyagi Sonika
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The application of machine learning (ML) techniques in classification and prediction tasks has greatly advanced our comprehension of biological systems. There is a notable shift in the trend towards integration methods that specifically target the simultaneous analysis of multiple modes or types of data, showcasing superior results compared to individual analyses. Despite the availability of diverse ML architectures for researchers interested in embracing a multimodal approach, the current literature lacks a comprehensive taxonomy that includes the pros and cons of these methods to guide the entire process. Closing this gap is imperative, necessitating the creation of a robust framework. This framework should not only categorise the diverse ML architectures suitable for multimodal analysis but also offer insights into their respective advantages and limitations. Additionally, such a framework can act as a guide for selecting an appropriate workflow for multimodal analysis. This comprehensive taxonomy would furnish a clear guidance and aid in informed decision-making within the progressively intricate realm of biomedical and clinical data analysis, and is imperative for advancing personalised medicine.

Objective

The aims of the work are to comprehensively study and describe the harmonisation processes that are performed and reported in the literature and present a working guide that would enable planning and selecting an appropriate integrative model.

Results

We present harmonisation as a dual process of representation and integration, each with multiple methods and categories. The taxonomy of the various representation and integration methods are classified into six broad categories and detailed with the advantages, disadvantages and examples. A guide flowchart that describes the step-by-step processes that are needed to adopt a multimodal approach is also presented along with examples and references.

Conclusions

This review provides a thorough taxonomy of methods for harmonising multimodal data and introduces a foundational 10-step guide for newcomers to implement a multimodal workflow.
Precision Electroconvulsive Therapy (PET) project: tackling (cost) effectiveness and patient’s perspectives
Authors: van Eijndhoven Philip , Tendolkar Indira , Loef Dore , Rovers Jordy , Somers Metten , Spaans Harm Pieter , van Waarde Jeroen , Schut Bart , Wijnen Ben , Verwijk Esmée , Dols Annemieke
Published: March 2024

Background

Depression puts a great burden on both patients, relatives and society as a whole. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is regarded as a safe and effective treatment for severe and chronic depressive episodes, even when other interventions such as psychotherapy or psychopharmacology have failed. Despite its superior efficacy, use of ECT for depressed patients is surprisingly low in most European countries as exemplified in a recent Dutch study. This low application rate is possibly due to (1) limited knowledge on the optimal position of ECT in the treatment algorithms, (2) a lack of knowledge on cost-effectiveness, (3) fear for (cognitive) side-effects in patients, relatives and professionals, and (4) the outdated representation of ECT in the media and society at large.

Methods

The present study will overcome the aforementioned limitations and setup a large database of merged clinical and research cohorts of ECT-patients (N=±1500) and an observational prospective cohort study, in order to analyze aspects of (cost-) effectiveness and side-effects of ECT in retro- and prospective Dutch data. Using these results and together with qualitative information from patients and their relatives, we will disseminate the gained knowledge and develop with a decision-making tool that will guide future patients and their family members referred for ECT.

Discussion

Our project will further clarify the position of ECT in treatment algorithms for depression based on scientific data, including data on cost-effectiveness, cognitive side-effects and needs of the patients in the decision-making process. By these means, it will contribute to the development of successful personalized treatment and preventive strategies also in other countries in cooperation with stakeholders such as national and international commissions.
Redirecting the pioneering function of FOXA1 with covalent small molecules
Authors: Won Sang Joon , Zhang Yuxiang , Reinhardt Christopher J. , MacRae Nicole S. , DeMeester Kristen E. , Njomen Evert , Hargis Lauren M. , Remsberg Jarrett R. , Melillo Bruno , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Erb Michael A.
Published: March 2024

Pioneer transcription factors (TFs) exhibit a specialized ability to bind to and open closed chromatin, facilitating engagement by other regulatory factors involved in gene activation or repression. Chemical probes are lacking for pioneer TFs, which has hindered their mechanistic investigation in cells. Here, we report the chemical proteomic discovery of electrophilic small molecules that stereoselectively and site-specifically bind the pioneer TF, FOXA1, at a cysteine (C258) within the forkhead DNA-binding domain. We show that these covalent ligands react with FOXA1 in a DNA-dependent manner and rapidly remodel its pioneer activity in prostate cancer cells reflected in redistribution of FOXA1 binding across the genome and directionally correlated changes in chromatin accessibility. Motif analysis supports a mechanism where the covalent ligands relax the canonical DNA binding preference of FOXA1 by strengthening interactions with suboptimal ancillary sequences in predicted proximity to C258. Our findings reveal a striking plasticity underpinning the pioneering function of FOXA1 that can be controlled by small molecules.
Quantum speedup dynamics process in multiqubit-interacting system
Authors: Sun Ji-Yang , Xu Kai , Li Zai-Dong
Published: March 2024

We investigate the dynamics of an N-qubit interacting system coupled to a common reservoir. In the weak system-environment coupling regime, the crossovers from Markovian to non-Markovian and from no speedup to speedup can be realized by adjusting the controllable parameters (i.e., the coupling strength between qubits and the number of the qubits). However, in the case of strong coupling, the multiple transitions from non-Markovian regime to Markovian regime and from speedup to no speedup can be induced by manipulating controllable parameters. In addition, a phenomenon can be noticed that the number of qubits and the coupling strength between the qubits have the different effect on the non-Markovian dynamics and speedup evolution of the system in the above weak- and strong-coupling regimes. Our results provide an effective theoretical scheme for the realization of non-Markovian speedup dynamic processes.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of ethyl 2-(7-chloro-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-1-yl)acetate
Authors: Mustaphi Nour El Hoda , Aboutofil Fatima Ezzahra , El Houssni Lamyae , Saif Eiad , Mague Joel T. , Chkirate Karim , Essassi El Mokhtar
Published: March 2024

The quinoxaline moiety in the title molecule, C13H13ClN2O3, is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation of the fitted atoms = 0.033 Å). In the crystal, C—H...O hydrogen bonds plus slipped π-stacking and C—H...π(ring) interactions generate chains of molecules extending along the b-axis direction. The chains are connected by additional C—H...O hydrogen bonds. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (37.6%), H...O/O...H (22.7%) and H...Cl/Cl...H (13.1%) interactions.
Fear of being replaced: The dark side of employee ambassadorship on social media
Authors: Sossini Alessandra , Heide Mats
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study problematizes the prevailing normative and managerial-dominated view of self-initiated employee ambassadorship on social media from a power perspective. The aim is to provide a more nuanced and critical understanding of the negative aspects of this phenomenon.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical material encompasses qualitative interviews with employees from 14 organizations and Foucault’s concept of disciplinary discursive power to analyze which and how discourses exert power over employee communication on social media and what role visibility plays in it.

Findings

This study indicates that employee ambassadors’ social media communication is governed by two discourses that create complex tensions, where ambassadors constantly must negotiate between self-branding requirements and an authenticity paradox. These tensions intensify through visibility on social media, where employees strategize and situationally silence their communication through self-monitoring and self-surveillance practices. Conclusively, the findings also outline the need for further critical research to offer a deeper understanding of power relations that influence the communication practices of organizational members.

Research limitations/implications

The paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of self-initiated employee ambassadorship on social media and highlights disciplinary power relations that go beyond organizational borders.

Practical implications

The findings underscore that organizations need to address the critical aspects of self-initiated employee ambassadorship and act as facilitators to support employees in their navigation process.

Originality/value

This paper contributes a new critical power perspective on employee ambassadorship on social media.
Can ChatGPT exceed humans in construction project risk management?
Authors: Nyqvist Roope , Peltokorpi Antti , Seppänen Olli
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The objective of this research is to investigate the capabilities of the ChatGPT GPT-4 model, a form of artificial intelligence (AI), in comparison to human experts in the context of construction project risk management.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study draws a qualitative and quantitative comparison between 16 human risk management experts from Finnish construction companies and the ChatGPT AI model utilizing anonymous peer reviews. It focuses primarily on the areas of risk identification, analysis, and control.

Findings

ChatGPT has demonstrated a superior ability to generate comprehensive risk management plans, with its quantitative scores significantly surpassing the human average. Nonetheless, the AI model's strategies are found to lack practicality and specificity, areas where human expertise excels.

Originality/value

This study marks a significant advancement in construction project risk management research by conducting a pioneering blind-review study that assesses the capabilities of the advanced AI model, GPT-4, against those of human experts. Emphasizing the evolution from earlier GPT models, this research not only underscores the innovative application of ChatGPT-4 but also the critical role of anonymized peer evaluations in enhancing the objectivity of findings. It illuminates the synergistic potential of AI and human expertise, advocating for a collaborative model where AI serves as an augmentative tool, thereby optimizing human performance in identifying and managing risks.
The evolution of integrated popular financial reporting: toward a digital-driven collaborative approach using sentiment analysis tool
Authors: Biancone Paolo , Brescia Valerio , Chmet Federico , Lanzalonga Federico
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The research aims to provide a longitudinal case study to understand how digital transformation can be embedded in municipal reporting frameworks. The central role of such technology becomes increasingly evident as citizens demand greater transparency and engagement between them and governing institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilising a longitudinal case study methodology, the research focusses on Turin’s Integrated Popular Financial Report (IPFR) as a lens through which to evaluate the broader implications of digital transformation on governmental transparency and operational efficiency.

Findings

Digital tools, notably sentiment analysis, offer promising avenues for enhancing governmental efficacy and citizenry participation. However, persistent challenges highlight the inadequacy of traditional, inflexible reporting structures to cater to dynamic informational demands.

Practical implications

Embracing digital tools is an imperative for contemporary public administrators, promoting streamlined communication and dismantling bureaucratic obstructions, all while catering to the evolving demands of an informed citizenry.

Originality/value

Different from previous studies that primarily emphasised technology’s role within budgeting, this research uniquely positions itself by spotlighting the transformative implications of digital tools during the reporting phase. It champions the profound value of fostering bottom-up dialogues, heralding a paradigmatic shift towards co-creative public management dynamics.
Friction and wear performances of 7075 aluminum alloy surface with V-shaped microtexture via numerical simulation and experimental characterizations
Authors: Ding Cong , Qiao Zhizhao , Piao Zhongyu
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to design and process the optimal V-shaped microstructure for 7075 aluminum alloy and reveal its wear resistance mechanism and performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The hydrodynamic pressure lubrication models of the nontextured, V-shaped, circular and square microtextures are established. The corresponding oil film pressure distributions are explored. The friction and wear experiments are conducted on a rotating device. The effects of the microstructure shapes and sizes on the wear mechanisms are investigated via the friction coefficients and surface morphologies.

Findings

In comparison, the V-shaped microtexture has the largest oil film carrying capacity and the lowest friction coefficient. The wear mechanism of the V-shaped microtexture is dominated by abrasive and adhesive wear. The V-shaped microtexture has excellent wear resistance under a side length of 300 µm, an interval of 300 µm and a depth of 20 µm.

Originality/value

This study is conductive to the design of wear-resistant surfaces for friction components.
Does higher ranking ensure higher student satisfaction: evidence from higher education institutions in India
Authors: Thomas Sam
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Prospective students and other stakeholders in the education system use global and national rankings as a measure of the quality of education offered by different higher educational institutions. The ranking of an Institution is seen as a measure of reputation and has a significant role in attracting students. But are students happy in the top-ranked institutions? Does a high rank translate into high student satisfaction? This study answers this question taking data from top educational institutions in India.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines how the top-ranked higher education institutions in India fare on student satisfaction. Using the data on key performance indicators published by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) and student satisfaction scores of these institutions reported by NAAC, the study explores a possible relationship between the ranking of an institution and its student satisfaction score.

Findings

The study finds no significant relationship between the ranking of an institution and its student satisfaction score. The only institutional performance dimension which has a positive correlation with student satisfaction is graduate outcome. The diversity dimension is seen to be negatively correlated with student satisfaction.

Practical implications

The importance of modifying the ranking frameworks to account for the real drivers of student satisfaction is highlighted. The items in the student satisfaction survey should be regularly updated to reflect the actual concerns of the students. This is very important given the fact that the number of Indian students going abroad for higher education recorded a six-year high in 2022 at 750,365.

Originality/value

With more than 50,000 institutions catering to over 40 million students, India has the largest higher education system in the world. Given the high level of competition among these institutions, ranking and accreditation have become important parameters used by students for selection of an institution. But do top-ranked higher education institutions have the most satisfied student community? The assumption is disproved using the most credible secondary data. This study is the first of its kind in the Indian context. It has huge implications for the most respected ranking frameworks.
A decision model to value football player investments under uncertainty
Authors: Follert Florian , Gleißner Werner
Published: March 2024

Purpose

From the buying club’s perspective, the transfer of a player can be interpreted as an investment from which the club expects uncertain future benefits. This paper aims to develop a decision-oriented approach for the valuation of football players that could theoretically help clubs determine the subjective value of investing in a player to assess its potential economic advantage.

Design/methodology/approach

We build on a semi-investment-theoretical risk-value model and elaborate an approach that can be applied in imperfect markets under uncertainty. Furthermore, we illustrate the valuation process with a numerical example based on fictitious data. Due to this explicitly intended decision support, our approach differs fundamentally from a large part of the literature, which is empirically based and attempts to explain observable figures through various influencing factors.

Findings

We propose a semi-investment-theoretical valuation approach that is based on a two-step model, namely, a first valuation at the club level and a final calculation to determine the decision value for an individual player. In contrast to the previous literature, we do not rely on an econometric framework that attempts to explain observable past variables but rather present a general, forward-looking decision model that can support managers in their investment decisions.

Originality/value

This approach is the first to show managers how to make an economically rational investment decision by determining the maximum payable price. Nevertheless, there is no normative requirement for the decision-maker. The club will obviously have to supplement the calculus with nonfinancial objectives. Overall, our paper can constitute a first step toward decision-oriented player valuation and for theoretical comparison with practical investment decisions in football clubs, which obviously take into account other specific sports team decisions.
Insights into the application of AI-augmented research methods for informing accounting practice: the development – through AI - of accountability-related prescriptions pertaining to seasonal work
Authors: Eager Bronwyn , Deegan Craig , Fiedler Terese
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed demonstration of how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to potentially generate valuable insights and recommendations regarding the role of accounting in addressing key sustainability-related issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The study offers a novel method for leveraging AI tools to augment traditional scoping study techniques. The method was used to show how the authors can produce recommendations for potentially enhancing organisational accountability pertaining to seasonal workers.

Findings

Through the use of AI and informed by the knowledge base that the authors created, the authors have developed prescriptions that have the potential to advance the interests of seasonal workers. In doing so, the authors have focussed on developing a useful and detailed guide to assist their colleagues to apply AI to various research questions.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates the ability of AI to assist researchers in efficiently finding solutions to social problems. By augmenting traditional scoping study techniques with AI tools, the authors present a framework to assist future research in such areas as accounting and accountability.
Management accounting practice as understanding, supporting and advancing local epistemic methods
Authors: Jakobsen Morten
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into how management accountants can become relevant business partners out of respect for existing locally developed accounts of economic performance for decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with local business actors, in this case, families from seven financially successful Danish dairy farms. The casework and the analysis have been informed by pragmatic constructivism.

Findings

The local business actors do not use the official accounting system for ongoing cost-management-related decision-making. Instead, they use several epistemic methods that include locally developed decision models, experiences, rules of thumb and intuition. The farmers use these vernacular accountings to compensate for the cost management illusion that the formal accounting system tends to create. What the study suggests is that when management accountants engage as business partners, they are likely to enter a space where accounting is already present.

Originality/value

This paper argues that local business actors practice epistemic methods where they develop and use vernacular accountings to support their managerial practice, also in the absence of a professional management accountant. These vernacular accountings may lead the local actors into an illusion because the vernacular accountings do not necessarily have an inherent economic logic and theoretical reliability. The role of the management accountant in such a setting is hence to understand, support and advance local epistemic methods. Becoming a business partner requires a combination of management accounting analytical skills and a sense of empathy and sensitivity regarding what is already at play and how this can become an object of discussion without violating the values of the other.
Who do freestanding emergency departments treat? Comparing Texas hospitals to satellite and independent freestanding departments in 2021 and 2022
Authors: Marthey Daniel , Ramy Maya , Ukert Benjamin
Published: March 2024

Objective

The objective was to describe characteristics of emergency department visits to Texas satellite and independent freestanding emergency departments (FrEDs) relative to hospital emergency departments (EDs).

Data Sources and Study Setting

The study used all 2021–2022 hospital and FrED discharges from the publicly available Texas Emergency Department Public Use Data Files (PUDF).

Study Design

We conducted a descriptive analysis, comparing patient and visit characteristics at satellite and independent FrEDs and hospital EDs using chi‐square tests. We characterized the top 20 diagnoses and procedures ranked by volume, treatment intensity, and potentially avoidable ED use.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Discharge data from 2021 to 2022 were combined for the analysis, and ED data at critical access hospitals were excluded.

Principal Findings

Our sample consisted of 21,605,421 ED visits, 76% occurring at hospitals, 12% at satellite FrEDs, and 12% at independent FrEDs. Compared with hospitals and satellite FrEDs, patients to independent FrEDs were younger, healthier, more likely covered by private insurance, and less likely to be identified as non‐Hispanic Black or Hispanic. Visits at satellite and independent FrEDs were more likely to be of moderate and low intensity and potentially avoidable.

Conclusions

Our results underscore the need to address potentially avoidable utilization of emergency services.
Colony performance of three native bumblebee species from South China and association with their gut microbiome
Authors: Han Lei , Chang Zhi‐Min , Ren Chang‐Shi , Chen Xiang‐Sheng , Smagghe Guy , Yuan Yi‐Ge , Long Jian‐Kun
Published: March 2024

Bumblebees play an important ecological economic role as pollinators in nature and agriculture. For reasons of biosecurity, many countries promote the cultivation of native bumblebee species for crop pollination instead of importing “alien” species. In South China, a few bumblebee species are considered useful in this way, particularly, Bombus atripes, Bombus bicoloratus and Bombus breviceps. However, whether they are suitable for artificial rearing and forming healthy colonies for pollination, remains unknown. In this project, queens from the 3 native species of Guizhou Province were collected and colonies were started under standardized conditions. The colonies were scored based on 19 parameters, including the stage of colony development, number and weight of offspring, and diet consumed. The data revealed that B. breviceps had the best performance, produced more workers and consumed the smallest diet. Next, we performed 16S rDNA sequencing of the bacterial communities found in the guts of offspring workers, and then a correlation analysis between colony performance and gut bacteria was conducted. Here, B. breviceps showed the highest diversity in gut bacterial composition, dominated by the bacteria Gilliamella, Snodgrassella, Enterobacter, and Lactobacillus Firm5. The higher the abundance of Snodgrassella, the better the performance of the colony in the foundation stage, and later Lactobacillus Firm5, Apibacter and Bifidobacterium were beneficial during the stages of rapid growth and colony decline. Although we do not understand all of the interactions yet, these correlations explain why B. breviceps demonstrated better colony performance. Our data provide valuable information for breeding local Bombus species and will contribute to developing strong colonies for crop pollination.
Sorghum phytonutrients and their health benefits: A systematic review from cell to clinical trials
Authors: de Oliveira Lívia de Lacerda , de Alencar Figueiredo Lúcio Flávio
Published: March 2024

Sorghum is key for global food security due to its genetic variability, resilience, and rich phytonutrient content, which are linked to numerous health benefits. A systematic review assessed the health effects of sorghum by analyzing cell (n = 22), animal (n = 20), and human (n = 7) studies across antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular, and diabetes outcomes. This review, involving 42 papers and 177 researchers from 12 countries, collected data from sorghum accessions (acc) and significant effects. Studies used 68 identified and 8 unidentified sorghums, 57% red (n = 20), brown (n = 5), and black (n = 17) pericarp colors, and evaluated whole (n = 31), brans (n = 11), and decorticated grains (n = 2). Colored sorghum, richer in phenolic compounds, especially 3‐deoxyanthocyanins and tannins, inhibited cancer cell activities, including proliferation, tumor growth, and ROS activity, and promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Sorghum elevated HO1 and eNOS expression for cardiovascular, health‐reduced platelet aggregation, and modulated platelet microparticles. They also suppressed inflammation markers and decreased lipid accumulation. Animal studies indicated sorghum's potential across antioxidant capacity, cancer and inflammation mitigation, and lipid and glucose metabolism. Translating these findings to human scenarios requires caution, especially considering cell studies do not fully represent polyphenol metabolism. Human studies provided mixed results, indicating antioxidant and potential anti‐inflammatory benefits and nuanced effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. The main risks of bias highlighted challenges in quantifying phytonutrients, identifying sorghum acc features, and lack of assessors blinding. Nonetheless, sorghum emerges as a promising functional food for countering chronic diseases in Western diets.
Vine tea total flavonoids activate the AMPK/mTOR pathway to amelioration hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Wang Chuting , Yang Fang , Zeng Wei , Chen Xin , Qiu Zhenpeng , Wang Qi , Meng Yan , Zheng Guohua , Hu Junjie
Published: March 2024

Vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata), a traditional Chinese tea, is rich in flavonoids with various biological activities. Our study found that Vine tea total flavonoids (TFs) treatment reduced the body mass and blood lipid levels and improved the hepatic tissue morphology in mice fed the high‐fat diet (HFD). In vivo, TF treatment activated the hepatic adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, initiated autophagy, and regulated the expression levels of proteins for lipid metabolism in those HFD‐fed mice. In vitro, TF treatment dramatically reduced the lipid droplets and triacylglycerol content in HepG2 and L02 cells treated with oleic acid (OA). These were associated with the activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway and autophagy initiation in OA‐treated hepatocytes. This phenotype was abolished in the presence of 3‐methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor. Our results indicated that the TF activation of AMPK/mTOR leads to the stimulation of autophagy and a decrease in the buildup of intracellular lipids in hepatocytes, showing the potential of TF as a therapeutic agent for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Practical Application

Vine tea, a tea drink, has been consumed by Chinese folk for over a thousand years. The result of this study will provide evidence that vine tea total flavonoids have potential use as a functional material for the prevention and amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.