bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey of suicide literacy in Japanese school teachers
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Foo Jerome Clifford , Sasaki Tsukasa
Published: December 2023

School teachers are in a unique position to recognize suicide-related problems in their students and to appropriately support them; teachers may need high levels of suicide literacy. However, few studies have examined current levels of suicide literacy in teachers. This study aimed to investigate suicide literacy in school teachers. Teachers (n = 857) from 48 Japanese schools (primary and junior-/senior-high) answered a self-administered questionnaire assessing (a) knowledge about suicide, (b) intention to ask about students’ suicidal thoughts/plans, and (c) attitudes towards talking to students with mental health problems. The average proportion of correct answers to the knowledge questions (10 items) was 55.2%. Over half of the teachers knew that suicide is a leading cause of death in adolescents (55.0%), and that asking about suicidality is needed (56.2%). Half of the teachers intended to ask students about their suicidal thoughts (50.2%) and fewer intended to ask about experiences of planning suicide (38.8%). Most of the teachers (90.4%) agreed with the idea that talking to students with mental health problems was a teacher’s responsibility. Intention to ask about students’ suicidal thoughts/plans were higher in teachers in their 20s (vs. 40s–60s) and working at junior-/senior-high schools (vs. primary schools). Suicide literacy in Japanese school teachers was observed to be limited. However, teachers felt responsibility for helping students with mental health problems. The development and implementation of education programs may help improve teachers’ suicide literacy, which, in turn, could encourage effective helping behaviors of teachers for students struggling with suicidality.
An observational multi-center study on type 2 diabetes treatment prescribing pattern and patient adherence to treatment
Authors: Butt Muhammad Daoud , Ong Siew Chin , Rafiq Azra , Malik Tooba , Sajjad Ahsan , Batool Nighat , Chughtai Anwaar Ul Hassan , Wahab Muhammad Umar , Abdullah Muhammad , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din
Published: December 2023

In 2021, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reported that the prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan was 9.6%, higher than the global average. However, adherence to treatment guidelines, e.g., American Diabetes Association and Pakistan Endocrine Society and prescription patterns for Oral anti-diabetes (OAD), is poorly understood in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prescribing practices of anti-diabetic medications, an association of lifestyle modification with drugs prescribed, and their effectiveness in preserving ideal glycemic levels in diabetic patients undergoing treatment in tertiary care teaching hospitals in rural and urban Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from prescriptions of outpatient diabetic patients from different rural and urban tertiary care hospitals between October 2021 and February 2022. 388 participants were enrolled in the study for a detailed interview on prescription evaluation and glycemic control. The coinvestigators conducted an interview with the patient and used a pre-validated questionnaire to collect the data. The relationship between following treatment guidelines and clinical and demographic factors was found using chi-square tests for bivariate analyses. The study reported that out of 388, the mean ages of the patients were 48 ± 12.4, and the majority were female. It was observed that 60.1% and 66.5% have uncontrolled fasting and random blood glucose, respectively. The education level of the study participants was also below par to have a complete understanding of the medical condition and self-management therapy. Even though they were taking the right medications—an average prescription regimen included 5.08 medications—52.1% of the studied people had glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels higher than the therapeutic threshold set by the International Diabetes Federation. In this modern era, it was observed that the prescribing trend was still focused on traditional therapeutic options Biguanides, sulfonylureas, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were prescribed in 64.6% of the patients. A significant association was found between glycemic control and body mass index, adherence to lifestyle modifications, and the number of medications prescribed (p-value < 0.05). The study reveals that Pakistan's prescribing practices do not align with international and national guidelines, leading to a high prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes and widespread use of polypharmacy among patients. To address this issue, policymakers should prioritize establishing a comprehensive national diabetes action plan. Additionally, there is a pressing need to develop diabetes education and awareness programs emphasizing the importance of lifestyle modifications for effective diabetes management.
Association of altered fibrinogen indexes levels as a potential biomarker in determining the possible onset of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zhuang Yong , Cai Qingyan , Hu Xin , Huang Huibin
Published: December 2023

Research suggests that fibrinogen was related to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Then, the relationship between functional indices of fibrinogen and detailed staging of DR has not been explored. Type 2 diabetic and healthy control subjects (n = 960) were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were categorized into five stages according to their fundus lesions, and fibrinogen (Fib) and its functional indices (angle α and k value) were measured. The angle α levels increased in diabetic subjects with retinopathy compared with those without, and it was significantly elevated early in retinopathy. In contrast, the k value levels slightly decreased. Despite observing an increase in angle α levels and a decrease in k value levels during the later stages of retinopathy compared to the earlier stages, there was no statistically significant difference in the later stages. The association of the angle α and k value with DR was independent of the hyperglycaemic state and other potential confounders (OR = 1.672, 95% CI 1.489–1.876, P < 0.01; OR = 0.013, 95% CI 0.004–0.041, P < 0.01). The angle α levels and k value levels were closely correlated with retinopathy (r = 0.593, P < 0.00; r = − 0.646, P < 0.01). The ROC curve indicated that the diagnostic value of angle α and k value were (AUC = 0.897, P < 0.001; AUC = 0.859, P < 0.001). Fibrinogen function indexes, such as angle α and k value, may be valuable for the early diagnosis of DR but do not directly assess the severity of DR.
Audiometric Outcomes of Auditory Brainstem Implantation during Vestibular Schwannoma Resection in NF2 Patients
Authors: de Cos Víctor , Gibson Madeline , Li Vivienne , La Monte Olivia , Moshtaghi Omid , Dixon Peter , Khan Usman , Friedman Rick , Schwartz Marc S.
Published: December 2023

Background Many patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) suffer from sensorineural hearing loss, and associated cochlear nerve compromise in NF2 patients makes auditory brainstem implant (ABI) an attractive treatment option. The long-term outcomes and benefits of the device are still being explored.

Methods A retrospective review was conducted for 11 ABI recipients at a single-institution tertiary center between November 2017 and August 2022. Patients diagnosed with NF2 undergoing resection for concurrent vestibular schwannoma (VS) were included. Pre- and postaudiometric assessments were reviewed. Evaluation included pure-tone audiometry and speech testing.

Results Our cohort included 11 patients with a median age of 34 years. All patients underwent a translabyrinthine approach for implant placement with concurrent VS resection. Average tumor size of VS was 2.87 cm. Preoperatively, 8 patients had pure-tone averages with no response at 110 dB, 2 were within mild–moderate hearing loss (25–45 dB), and one patient had a PTA of profound loss (92 dB). Postoperatively, 9 (81%) patients had improvement in PTA. In total, seven patients reported mild side effects upon ABI activation which included dizziness (n = 2), tinnitus (n = 1), and abdominal and lower extremity tingling sensation (n = 3). Of the seven patients with early speech perception (ESP) scores, five had a score >75%, indicating the auditory ability to detect pattern perception upon auditory stimulation through the ABI alone.

Conclusion Nine of 11 patients derived benefits from ABI placement. These findings demonstrate that ABI placement during concurrent VS resection can provide a significant hearing benefit for NF2 patients.
Examining the Relationship Between Workplace Industry and COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Gatov Evgenia , Sennik Sonia , Goldfarb Avi , Gans Joshua , Stein Janice , Agrawal Ajay , Rosella Laura
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To control virus spread while keeping the economy open, this study aimed to identify individuals at increased risk of COVID-19 transmission in the workplace using rapid antigen screening data.

Methods

Among adult participants in a large Canadian rapid antigen screening program (January 2021–March 2022), we examined screening, personal, and workplace characteristics and conducted logistic regressions, adjusted for COVID-19 wave, screening frequency and location, role, age group, and geography.

Results

Among 145,814 participants across 2707 worksites, 6209 screened positive at least once. Workers in natural resources (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1 [1.73–2.55]), utilities (OR = 1.67 [1.38–2.03]), construction (OR = 1.35 [1.06–1.71]), and transportation/warehousing (OR = 1.32 [1.12–1.56]) had increased odds of screening positive; workers in education/health (OR = 0.62 [0.52–0.73]), leisure/hospitality (OR = 0.71 [0.56–0.90]), and finance (OR = 0.84 [0.71–0.99]) had lesser odds of screening positive, compared with professional/business services.

Conclusions

Certain industries involving in-person work in close quarters are associated with elevated COVID-19 transmission. Continued reliance on rapid screening in these sectors is warranted.
Clinical Predictors of Pulsatile Tinnitus in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: An Age-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Widmeyer Jonathan R. , Vemuri Jatin P. , Jacobs Jonathon , Sismanis Aristides A. , Haines Scott R. , Felton Warren L. , Coelho Daniel H.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) occurs in many but not all patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). It is poorly understood why some patients with IIH develop PT, yet others do not. The purpose of this study was to determine if any clinical findings differ between those with and without PT in IIH, potentially shedding light on a pathophysiologic mechanism.

Methods

Age-matched cohort analysis of patients with documented IIH and presence or absence of PT was performed, collecting data including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, visual acuity, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure, sleep apnea, migraines, and transient visual obscurations, among others. Independent-sample t test and χ
2 test were used to analyze continuous and binary variables, respectively, with multivariate analysis conducted including variables statistically significant on univariate analysis.

Results

Eighty subjects with IIH met the inclusion criteria (40 PT+, 40 PT−). CSF opening pressure showed no significant difference between the two groups. The PT+ cohort was found to have an average BMI of 45.1 kg/m2, which was significantly higher than the PT− group (37.7 kg/m2; p = 0.0023). PT+ pulse pressure (60.1 mm Hg) was also significantly higher than the PT− group (51.6 mm Hg; p = 0.019). PT+ patients were also significantly more likely to have sleep apnea (p < 0.001) and migraines (p = 0.0036). Multiple logistic regression revealed an adjusted odds ratio of 13.9 for sleep apnea, 4.1 for migraines, and 1.01 for every increase in unit of BMI.

Conclusion

Among patients with IIH, presence of PT is associated with higher BMI and pulse pressure, and increased incidence of sleep apnea and migraines. Given no significant difference in CSF pressures between the two groups, PT may not be a product of increased disease severity but may be related to sequelae of obesity, such as increased pulse pressure and sleep apnea.
Potential clinical value and influence of conductivity in conductive cardiac patches for reducing post-MI arrythmia risks
Authors: Miao Yuchen , Fu Zhenyin , Zhang Juhong , Tao Yuhang , Pang Kai , Wang Chengjun , Jiang Qianqian , Shen Liyin , Xia Tian , Lu Peixuan , Xu Zhen , Xia Ling , Zuo Lijian , Song Jizhou , Gao Changyou , Deng Dongdong , Jiang Ruhong , Zhu Yang
Published: December 2023

Conductive cardiac patches can help to restore electric signal conduction of the diseased myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI). However, none of the conductive cardiac patches reported in literature has entered clinical trials. Bench-to-bedside translation of conductive patches has long been hindered by the lack of knowledge of the optimal patch conductivity and deep understanding of the potential clinical benefits and risks in patients. Here, we first prepared conductive cardiac patches with conductivities covering 5 orders of magnitude (10-3-101S/cm). Disagreeing with the mainstream opinion that patch conductivity close to native myocardium (10-3-10-2S/cm) is most favorable, our results showed that patches with conductivity two orders of magnitudes higher than native myocardium (10-1-100S/cm) are most effective in restoring cardiac conduction and lowering inducibility quotient. Conduction velocity (CV) is the essence of the observed results. Rat experiments showed that the low-conductivity patch could increase the CV of infarcted myocardium, but did not fully compensate the mismatch in the CVs of infarct and healthy myocardium. Moderate-conductivity patches could increase myocardial CV to the same level of healthy myocardium, while high-conductivity patches further increased myocardial CV, causing a reversed mismatch. The relationship between patch conductivity and improved CVs in myocardium can be explained by monodomain model theory. Based on the theory, 3D finite element simulation of a MI patient heart predicted that a suitable, patch-improved myocardial CV could reduce the number of reentrants, and stabilize the remaining reentry circuits in the myocardium of the MI patient, which indicated its clinical value.
JNK signaling-mediated exocytosis coordinates epithelial cell-turnover inDrosophilaribosomal protein mutants
Authors: Akai Nanami , Igaki Tatsushi , Ohsawa Shizue
Published: December 2023

Robust tissue growth is orchestrated by the precise coordination of cell death and cell proliferation. Our previous study found that in the developing wing pouches ofDrosophila Minute/+ animals, both cell death and compensatory cell proliferation are dramatically increased, which contributes to robust growth of mutant tissue. The induction of this cell-turnover depends on activation of JNK signaling, although the mechanism by which JNK activation induces cell-turnover remained unclear. Here, we show that JNK-mediated elevation of exocytosis in dying cells is crucial for triggering cell-turnover inM/+wing morphogenesis. Mechanistically, elevated JNK signaling in dying cells upregulates exocytosis-related genes and Wingless (Wg), leading to enhanced Wg secretion. Furthermore, this exocytosis-mediated Wg secretion generally occurs downstream of JNK signaling, regardless of the genetic background. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insights into robust tissue growth through the orchestration of cell-turnover, which is primarily governed by JNK-mediated exocytosis duringDrosophila Minute/+wing morphogenesis.
Occurrence of plant-specific 4/1 gene in streptophyte algae: brief view on the gene and protein evolution
Authors: Morozov Sergey Y. , Solovyev Andrey G.
Published: December 2023

Previously, the plant-specific 4/1 proteins have been found to be encoded by single-copy genes in most land plants (cladeEmbryophyta) but not in green algae. We first identified and characterized 4/1 genes in arabidopsis (At-4/1) and tobacco (Nt-4/1). Importantly, the 4/1 proteins inMagnoliophytaspecies are characterized by a highly conserved C-terminal domain of 30-37 amino acids. In this paper, we report the analysis of 4/1 genes in streptophyte algae – ancestors of lower land plants. AUGUSTUSab initiogene prediction was used to predict 4/1 protein-coding genes in the chromosomal DNA sequences of several algae from classesMesostigmatophyceae, KlebsormidiophyceaeandZygnemophyceae. Interestingly, in contrast to an inronless 4/1-like gene previously found in another charophyte algaChara braunii, these genes contain several introns that is consistent with the 4/1 exon-intron organization of land plants. In general, the chromosomes of the studied charophyte algae were found to encode Magnoliophyta-like 4/1 proteins that share their previously described general gene structure and protein properties. These new data on the 4/1-like genes and proteins in the Streptophyta clade suggest that 4/1 proteins are probably function as accessory factors in stress response, but these polypeptides are not required for the primary metabolic functions of streptophyte cells.
Job resourcefulness, job crafting and task performance in a post-COVID-19 context: a diary study on tour and travel frontline employees
Authors: Rubaca Ume , Khan Majid
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The study aims to examine whether job resourcefulness affects task performance through job crafting at the within-person level.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected from employees of the tour and travel firms and their supervisors. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) was used for analysis due to the repeated data structure, for example, days (n = 900) nested in individuals (n = 180).

Findings

Results show a positive association between job resourcefulness and task performance, with the full mediation of job crafting at the within-person level.

Originality/value

The study concludes that variation in job resourcefulness impacts job crafting and task performance at the within-person level.
Stimulating knowledge sharing behaviors for frugal innovation: the roles of inclusive leadership and competitive intensity
Authors: Lei Hui , Saeheng Pitcha , Le Phong Ba
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Owing to the growing importance of frugal innovation to the development of firms in the developing and emerging countries, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of inclusive leadership (IL) on frugal innovation through the mediating roles of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing (EK). It also explores the possible moderating role of competitive intensity (CI) in the relationship between knowledge sharing (KS) and frugal innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collected data via a questionnaire survey of a sample of 325 participants from 112 manufacturing and service firms to validate the relationship between inclusive leadership, knowledge sharing behaviors, competitive intensity and frugal innovation. Structural equation modeling and regression are adopted to estimate the effects of inclusive leadership on frugal innovation through the mediating role of knowledge sharing and moderating role of competitive intensity.

Findings

Findings reveals the significant impacts of inclusive leadership on aspects of knowledge sharing and frugal innovation. Moreover, the influences of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing on frugal innovation capability are enhanced in the intensive competitive environments.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should investigate the potential moderating role of perceived organizational support in the relationship between specific aspects of knowledge sharing behaviors and frugal innovation.

Practical implications

The paper provides a valuable understanding and novel approach for managers and directors of firms in developing and emerging countries to improve frugal innovation capability through inclusive leadership practices and promotion of knowledge sharing in organizations.

Originality/value

The paper is unique in its attempt to fill theoretical gaps on the relationship between inclusive leadership and frugal innovation, and advance the insights of how inclusive leadership directly and indirectly fosters frugal innovation via mediating roles of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing.
A view from another side, or, not just another quit‐lit essay
Authors: Allen Lori A.
Published: December 2023

Academic anthropology is a paradoxical realm. On the one hand, opportunities for creatively exploring the human condition are hemmed in by administrators and bureaucracy. On the other hand, scholars in the academy have the space to call for justice—in Palestine and elsewhere, as they did in 2023, when the American Anthropological Association passed a resolution to boycott Israeli institutions. This paradoxical quality suggests some parallels between anthropology and the human rights system, especially in their logics and activities. Drawing from my experiences as I step off the professional academic ladder, I reflect on how this complex academic environment can lead to cynicism and resentment, yet also produce launching pads to collective action.
Anthropology unbound
Authors: Mehmood Saira A.
Published: December 2023

As an anthropologist currently working in the policy realm, I provide insights on the value of anthropology and its potential for growth and impact, both within and beyond academia. Drawing from my experiences studying in graduate school, teaching in academia, and holding nonacademic jobs, I suggest that anthropology can flourish by breaking free from disciplinary boundaries and silos, challenging conventional notions of scholarship, and by “studying in.” The next 50 years of anthropology can be brighter, more inclusive, and more accessible if the discipline's practitioners think more critically about how we do our research and who we share our research with, what we frame as research and scholarship, and how we train and support the next generation of anthropologists.
Letter: Are we forgetting the importance of steatosis in steatotic liver disease?
Authors: Fiori James , Ayonrinde Oyekoya Taiwo
Published: December 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kuo et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17637 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17825
International clinical assessment of smell: An international, cross‐sectional survey of current practice in the assessment of olfaction
Authors: Whitcroft Katherine L. , Alobid Isam , Altundag Aytug , Andrews Peter , Carrie Sean , Fahmy Miriam , Fjældstad Alexander W. , Gane Simon , Hopkins Claire , Hsieh Julien Wen , Huart Caroline , Hummel Thomas , Konstantinidis Iordanis , Landis Baslie N. , Mori Eri , Mullol Joaquim , Philpott Carl , Poulios Aristotelis , Vodička Jan , Ward Victoria M.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common and carries significant personal and societal burden. Accurate assessment is necessary for good clinical and research practice but is highly dependent on the assessment technique used. Current practice with regards to UK/international clinical assessment is unknown. We aimed to capture current clinical practice, with reference to contemporaneously available guidelines. We further aimed to compare UK to international practice.

Design

Anonymous online questionnaire with cross‐sectional non‐probability sampling. Subgroup analysis according to subspeciality training in rhinology (‘rhinologists’ and ‘non‐rhinologists’) was performed, with geographical comparisons only made according to subgroup.

Participants

ENT surgeons who assess olfaction.

Results

Responses were received from 465 clinicians (217 from UK and 17 countries total). Country‐specific response rate varied, with the lowest rate being obtained from Japan (1.4%) and highest from Greece (72.5%). Most UK clinicians do not perform psychophysical smell testing during any of the presented clinical scenarios—though rhinologists did so more often than non‐rhinologists. The most frequent barriers to testing related to service provision (e.g., time/funding limitations). Whilst there was variability in practice, in general, international respondents performed psychophysical testing more frequently than those from the UK. Approximately 3/4 of all respondents said they would like to receive training in psychophysical smell testing. Patient reported outcome measures were infrequently used in the UK/internationally. More UK respondents performed diagnostic MRI scanning than international respondents.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive UK‐based, and only international survey of clinical practice in the assessment of OD. We present recommendations to improve practice, including increased education and funding for psychophysical smell testing. We hope this will promote accurate and reliable olfactory assessment, as is the accepted standard in other sensory systems.
Elucidating the glucose‐lowering effect of the bile acid sequestrant sevelamer
Authors: Nerild Henriette H. , Brønden Andreas , Haddouchi Abdullah E. , Ellegaard Anne‐Marie , Hartmann Bolette , Rehfeld Jens F. , Holst Jens J. , Sonne David P. , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K.
Published: December 2023

Aim: Bile acid sequestrants are cholesterol‐lowering drugs, which also improve glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. The mechanism behind the glucose‐lowering effect is unknown but has been proposed to be mediated by increased glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) secretion. Here, we investigated the glucose‐lowering effects of sevelamer including any contribution from GLP‐1 in people with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods: In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study, 15 people with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy underwent two 17‐day treatment periods with the bile acid sequestrant sevelamer and placebo, respectively, in a randomized order and with an interposed wash‐out period of minimum 6 weeks. On days 15 and 17 of each treatment period, participants underwent experimental days with 4‐h liquid meal tests and application of concomitant infusion of exendin(9‐39)NH2 or saline.

Results: Compared with placebo, sevelamer improved insulin sensitivity (assessed by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) and beta‐cell sensitivity to glucose and lowered fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentrations. In both treatment periods, exendin(9‐39)NH2 increased postprandial glucose excursions compared with saline but without absolute or relative difference between the two treatment periods. In contrast, exendin(9‐39)NH2 abolished the sevelamer‐induced improvement in beta‐cell glucose sensitivity.

Conclusions: The bile acid sequestrant sevelamer improved insulin sensitivity and beta‐cell sensitivity to glucose, but using the GLP‐1 receptor antagonist exendin(9‐39)NH2 we were not able to detect a GLP‐1‐mediated glucose‐lowering effect of sevelamer in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the sevelamer‐induced improvement of beta‐cell sensitivity to glucose was shown to be GLP‐1‐dependent.
Temperature effect on mode I fracture toughness of silica/glass/epoxy composites
Authors: Ardakani‐Movaghati Fatemeh , Taheri‐Behrooz Fathollah , Esmaili Ali
Published: December 2023

The mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites, such as fracture toughness, can be affected by the operating temperature. In this study, experimental and computational approaches were used to investigate the effect of temperature on the mode I fracture toughness of a glass/epoxy composite laminate filled with nanosilica particles. Double cantilever beam (DCB) tests were conducted at room temperature, 50°C and 65°C conditions on the glass/epoxy and 0.5 wt.% nanosilica/glass/epoxy composites. The addition of nanosilica to the glass/epoxy composites increased the initiation (Gini) and propagation (Gpro) fracture toughness by 7.3% and 39.5%, respectively, at room temperature. This was due to the enhanced bond strength of the fiber/matrix resulting from the addition of nanosilica. At a test temperature of 65°C, the initiation fracture toughness of the glass/epoxy and the glass/epoxy/ nanosilica increased by 22.4% and 22%, respectively, while the propagation fracture toughness increased by 64% and 28%, respectively. Numerical simulations using Abaqus software on two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional models confirmed the capability of cohesive zone models to simulate the load–displacement response of the specimens under different thermal conditions.
Dual‐method survey of recreational fishing for guitarfishes in Southern and Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Fuzetti Thomaz Stefani , Charvet Patricia , Wosnick Natascha
Published: December 2023

We comprehensively assessed marine recreational fishing of threatened guitarfishes (Pseudobatos percellens, Pseudobatos horkelii, and Zapteryx brevirostris) in Southern and Southeastern regions of Brazil. A dual‐method approach integrated social media reports and in‐person interviews to explore practices, challenges, and conservation implications of recreational fishing for these species. Seasonal capture of guitarfishes required the promotion of catch‐and‐release, especially during gestational periods, and the development of best angling practices manuals and accessible identification guides. With a focus on land‐based activities and engagement with fishers, our findings underscored the importance of collaboration among researchers, recreational fishers, and conservationists to map and monitor recreational capture and contribute to guitarfish research and conservation.
Scheduling‐location problem with drones
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Moon Ilkyeong
Published: December 2023

Drone operation, a new driving force for logistics innovation, is struggling to overcome practical challenges. One of the concerns for drone utilization is limited flight ranges, and different concepts of facilities are continually developed to support drone delivery. These new facilities prompt the need to integrate decision‐making across different phases. In particular, the deployment of facilities that complement the physical limitations of drones and the scheduling of drones to perform delivery tasks are closely related. Therefore, we developed a scheduling‐location problem with drones, a new methodology for integrating operational and strategic planning decisions. The integrated decision‐making determines the location of the drone facilities by not only considering the critical distance of facilities but also by taking into account whether the delivery schedule is implemented. In our model, additional drone facilities are sometimes opened considering available drones due to the feasibility of the delivery schedule. An extended formulation and a restricted master heuristic are proposed to solve problems time‐efficiently. Computational results show that the restricted master heuristic outperforms the mathematical model in finding solutions for large‐scale instances. The developed model and heuristic algorithm provide drone delivery services even in areas that are not easily reachable by drones due to being located far from the warehouse and can be effectively applied to humanitarian logistics.
Effect of bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy for ovarian cancer on wound healing in patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xue Ying , Zhao Fang
Published: December 2023

In this meta‐analysis, we reviewed the findings and definitive findings of a new study that assessed the impact of bevacizumab on wound healing following combined chemotherapy for ovarian cancer (OC). The results of a controlled study that assessed the efficacy of bevacizumab in the treatment of ovarian cancer were retrieved from 4 databases, such as the Web of Science and EMBASE. The results of the adverse event associated with wound healing were determined by comparison of the controlled studies of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer. A meta‐analysis was conducted with either a randomized or a fixed‐effect model in order to establish an odds ratio for time to event variables and for a binary outcome. In the research literature, 830 trials have been identified and seven have been chosen to be included in a definitive analysis of the trial. Among the 4134 cases who received chemotherapy after operation, 2098 received standard chemotherapy and 2036 received the addition of bevacizumab. A total of 7 trials have shown that the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of ovarian cancer patients has reduced wound healing (OR, 0.55; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.80, p = 0.002). Four trials demonstrated that there was no change in the incidence of haemorrhage in patients with ovarian cancer when administered with or without bevacizumab (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.10, 2.34, p = 0.37). The combined use of bevacizumab and chemotherapy may have a negative effect on the healing of wound.
Nursing diagnoses as factors associated with delirium among intensive care unit patients with sepsis: A retrospective correlational study
Authors: Ji Hyunju , Oh Eui Geum , Choi Mona , Kim Ha Young , Kim Young Ah , Lee Kyung Hee
Published: December 2023

Aims

To examine whether nursing diagnoses were associated with delirium in patients with sepsis.

Background

Nursing diagnosis is a nurse's clinical judgement about clients' current or potential health conditions. Delirium is regarded as an important nurse‐sensitive outcome. Nonetheless, nursing diagnoses associated with delirium have not yet been identified.

Design

Retrospective correlational study.

Methods

This study was carried out from December 2021 to January 2023. We analysed electronic health records of patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Delirium was defined based on the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist score. Nursing diagnoses established within 24 h of admission to the ICU were included and were based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association diagnostic classification. The data were analysed using logistic regression. Demographics, comorbidities, procedures and physiological measures were adjusted. Regression model was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic curve, Nagelkerke R2, accuracy and F1 score.

Results

The prevalence of delirium in patients with sepsis was 51.8%. Ineffective breathing patterns, decreased cardiac output and impaired skin integrity were significant nursing diagnoses related to delirium. Age ≥ 65 years, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy, physical restraint and comatose state were also associated with delirium in patients with sepsis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.806.

Conclusion

Ineffective breathing patterns, decreased cardiac output and impaired skin integrity could manifest as prodromal symptoms of delirium among patients with sepsis.

Impact

The prodromal symptoms of delirium revealed through nursing diagnoses can be efficiently used to identify high‐risk groups for delirium. The use of nursing diagnosis system should be recommended in clinical practice caring for sepsis patients.

Reporting Methods

STROBE checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public involvement.
Dispersal sweepstakes: Biotic interchange propelled air‐breathing fishes across the globe
Authors: Harrington Richard C. , Kolmann Matthew , Day Julia J. , Faircloth Brant C. , Friedman Matt , Near Thomas J.
Published: December 2023

Aim

Biotic interchanges between Africa, India, and Eurasia are central to explaining the present‐day distribution and diversity of freshwater organisms across these landmasses. Synbranchiformes is a diverse and species‐rich clade of freshwater acanthomorph fishes found on all southern continents except Antarctica, and include eel‐ and perch‐like, air‐breathing and non‐air‐breathing fishes. Lacking a comprehensive and resolved phylogeny of the entire clade, contemporary interpretations of synbranchiform biogeography invoke scenarios as disparate as Gondwanan vicariance and pan‐global rafting to explain their modern‐day distribution. Here, we study their biogeographic history of continental dispersal events and test whether these are associated with increases in lineage diversification.

Location

Asia, India, Africa freshwater habitats.

Taxon

Synbranchiformes (gouramis, snakeheads, swamp eels, and relatives).

Methods

We used nearly 1000 ultra‐conserved elements (UCEs) and Sanger‐sequenced genes to infer a phylogeny with representatives of all major synbranchiform lineages and nearly two‐thirds of its known species diversity. Incorporating fossil calibrations, we inferred a time‐calibrated phylogeny to which we apply Bayesian methods of ancestral area reconstruction and test for diversification rate shifts.

Results

Analyses of UCE data provide a resolved phylogeny for major synbranchiform lineages. Divergence times support a most recent common ancestor of the entire clade approximately 79.2 million years ago. We infer significant increases in lineage diversification in both the spiny eels (Mastacembelidae) and the genus Betta (Osphronemidae).

Main Conclusions

Our results reject the hypothesis of Gondwanan vicariance explaining synbranchiform biogeography. Instead, our analyses reconstruct a southeast Asian origin of the entire clade and independent dispersal events to other continents by snakeheads, anabantids, and spiny eels, with no signal of elevated lineage diversification occurring after these invasions. Higher lineage diversification rates in spiny eels pre‐date their arrival to Africa, while the high diversification rates observed in Betta were initiated prior to the flooding of insular Sundaland in southeast Asia.
Mobilisation during mechanical ventilation: A qualitative study exploring the practice of conscious patients, nurses and physiotherapists in intensive care unit
Authors: Lehmkuhl Lene , Dreyer Pia , Laerkner Eva , Olsen Hanne Tanghus , Jespersen Eva , Rothmann Mette Juel
Published: December 2023

Aim

To explore the practice of mobilisation of conscious and mechanically ventilated patients and the interaction between patients, nurses and physiotherapists.

Background

Long‐term consequences of critical illness can be reduced by mobilisation starting in Intensive Care Units, but implementation in clinical practice is presently sparse.

Design

A qualitative study with a phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach.

Methods

Participant observations in three Intensive Care Units involved twelve conscious mechanically ventilated patients, thirty‐one nurses and four physiotherapists. Additionally seven semi‐structured patient interviews, respectively at the ward and after discharge and two focus group interviews with healthcare professionals were conducted. The data analysis was inspired by Ricoeur's interpretation theory. The study adhered to the COREQ checklist.

Findings

Healthcare professionals performed a balance of support and guidance to promote mobilisation practice. The complexity of ICU mobilisation required a flexible mobility plan. Furthermore, interaction with feedback and humour was found to be ‘a leverage’ for patient's motivation to partake in mobilisation.

The practice of mobilisation found patients striving to cope and healthcare professionals promoting a ‘balanced standing by’ and negotiating the flexible mobility plan to support mobilisation.

Conclusion

The study revealed a need to clarify interprofessional communication to align expectations towards mobilisation of conscious and mechanically ventilated patients.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The study demonstrated the important role of healthcare professionals to perform a stepwise and ‘balanced standing by’ in adequately supporting and challenging the mobilisation of mechanically ventilated patients. Furthermore, a synergy can arise when nurses and physiotherapists use supplementary feedback and humour, and cooperate based on a flexible situation‐specific mobility plan in intensive care.
The important factors nurses consider when choosing shift patterns: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Emmanuel Talia , Griffiths Peter , Lamas‐Fernandez Carlos , Ejebu Ourega‐Zoé , Dall'Ora Chiara
Published: December 2023

Aim

To gain a deeper understanding of what is important to nurses when thinking about shift patterns and the organisation of working time.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey of nursing staff working across the UK and Ireland collected quantitative and qualitative responses.

Methods

We recruited from two National Health Service Trusts and through an open call via trade union membership, online/print nursing profession magazines and social media. Worked versus preferred shift length/pattern, satisfaction and choice over shift patterns and nurses' views on aspects related to work and life (when working short, long, rotating shifts) were analysed with comparisons of proportions of agreement and crosstabulation. Qualitative responses on important factors related to shift preferences were analysed with inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Eight hundred and seventy‐three survey responses were collected. When nurses worked long shifts and rotating shifts, lower proportions reported being satisfied with their shifts and working their preferred shift length and pattern. Limited advantages were realised when comparing different shift types; however, respondents more frequently associated ‘low travel costs’ and ‘better ability to do paid overtime’ with long shifts and ‘healthy diet/exercise’ with short shifts; aspects related to rotating shifts often had the lowest proportions of agreement. In the qualitative analysis, three themes were developed: ‘When I want to work’, ‘Impacts to my life outside work’ and ‘Improving my work environment’. Reasons for nurses' shift preferences were frequently related to nurses' priorities outside of work, highlighting the importance of organising schedules that support a good work‐life balance.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

General scheduling practices like adhering to existing shift work guidelines, using consistent and predictable shift patterns and facilitating flexibility over working time were identified by nurses as enablers for their preferences and priorities. These practices warrant meaningful consideration when establishing safe and efficient nurse rosters.

Patient or Public Contribution

This survey was developed and tested with a diverse group of stakeholders, including nursing staff, patients, union leads and ward managers.

Reporting Method

The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies (STROBE) checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used to guide reporting.
Constructing the brief diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (bDC/TMD) for field testing
Authors: Durham Justin , Ohrbach Richard , Baad‐Hansen Lene , Davies Stephen , De Laat Antoon , Goncalves Daniela Godoi , Gordan Valeria V. , Goulet Jean‐Paul , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , Horton Michael , Koutris Michail , Law Alan , List Thomas , Lobbezoo Frank , Michelotti Ambra , Nixdorf Donald R. , Oyarzo Juan Fernando , Peck Chris , Penlington Chris , Raphael Karen G. , Santiago Vivian , Sharma Sonia , Svensson Peter , Visscher Corine M. , Yoshiki Imamura , Alstergren Per ,   INfORM
Published: December 2023

Background

Despite advances in temporomandibular disorders' (TMDs) diagnosis, the diagnostic process continues to be problematic in non‐specialist settings.

Objective

To complete a Delphi process to shorten the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) to a brief DC/TMD (bDC/TMD) for expedient clinical diagnosis and initial management.

Methods

An international Delphi panel was created with 23 clinicians representing major specialities, general dentistry and related fields. The process comprised a full day workshop, seven virtual meetings, six rounds of electronic discussion and finally an open consultation at a virtual international symposium.

Results

Within the physical axis (Axis 1), the self‐report Symptom Questionnaire of the DC/TMD did not require shortening from 14 items for the bDC/TMD. The compulsory use of the TMD pain screener was removed reducing the total number of Axis 1 items by 18%. The DC/TMD Axis 1 10‐section examination protocol (25 movements, up to 12 sets of bilateral palpations) was reduced to four sections in the bDC/TMD protocol involving three movements and three sets of palpations. Axis I then resulted in two groups of diagnoses: painful TMD (inclusive of secondary headache), and common joint‐related TMD with functional implications. The psychosocial axis (Axis 2) was shortened to an ultra‐brief 11 item assessment.

Conclusion

The bDC/TMD represents a substantially reduced and likely expedited method to establish (grouping) diagnoses in TMDs. This may provide greater utility for settings requiring less granular diagnoses for the implementation of initial treatment, for example non‐specialist general dental practice.
Moderated paradoxical leadership: Resolving the innovation team leadership conundrum
Authors: Pearce Craig L. , van Knippenberg Daan
Published: December 2023

Most discussions of innovation leadership focus on the role of the top leader. Such leaders are advised to be visionary, to control and coordinate the efforts of those below them, and to empower subordinates to engage in innovation activities. Most innovation efforts, however, also require teamwork, bringing together diverse individuals to combine divergent talents to develop novel solutions to complex problems. Leadership of such teams, research shows, benefits from shared leadership (e.g., Wassenaar & Pearce. 2018. The Nature of Leadership, 167–88). The rub is that these two sources of leadership are often seen as polar opposites and that the presence of the one negates the use of the other. We contend, however, that to realize the true potential of innovation teams requires the long‐run paradoxical integration and simultaneous deployment of both vertical and shared leadership, along with the short‐run tandem moderation of vertical versus shared leadership, depending on the issues confronting the team, as the innovation process unfolds. We synthesize the literature surrounding this issue and articulate a model of moderated paradoxical leadership to guide future research into this space.
Obesity intervention evidence synthesis: Where are the gaps and which should we address first?
Authors: Blaxall Michelle , Richardson Rachel , Schoonees Anel , Metzendorf Maria‐Inti , Durão Solange , Naude Celeste , Bero Lisa , Farquhar Cindy
Published: December 2023

Health professionals and policymakers rely on evidence synthesized from high quality research studies. Yet, there remain unanswered questions about how to prevent and treat obesity. In this research project, international practice guidelines and Cochrane systematic reviews were examined in order to identify gaps in the synthesized obesity intervention evidence base. One hundred and forty‐two partial or complete gaps were found. Systematic review questions to address these gaps were formulated and subjected to a prioritization consultation process with 36 international obesity expert stakeholders. Forty‐three review questions were priority‐assessed. The top 10 ranked review questions received support from at least 75.0% of stakeholders. The leading questions focused on preventive and community‐based approaches, including those delivered through primary‐care. Children within the context of their families were a highly‐prioritized target group, as were persons with diabetes or disabilities. Experts also prioritized reviews to determine which elements of programs are the most effective, and by which mode they are best delivered. Experts recommended that negative, psycho‐social, and longer‐term outcomes be captured in reviews. We request reviewers and funders to strongly consider addressing the top 10 leading prioritized review questions presented here.