bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Branding the 'Beur' Author
Authors: Kleppinger Kathryn A.
Published: January 2019

Branding the Beur Author analyzes mainstream media promotion of literature written by the descendants of North African immigrants to France (often called beurs). Launched in the early 1980s, conversations between journalists and ‘beur’ authors delve into contemporary debates such as racism in the 1980s and Islam in French society in the 1990s. But the interests of journalists looking for sensational subject matter also heavily shape the promotion and reception of these novels: only the ‘beur’ authors who use a realist style to write about the challenges faced by the North African immigrant population in France—and who engage on-air with French identity politics and immigration—receive multiple invitations to participate in interviews. Previous scholarship has taken a necessary first step by analyzing the social and political stakes of this literature (using labels such as ‘beur’ and/or ‘banlieue,’ to designate its urban, economically distressed setting), but this book argues that this approach reproduces the selection criteria deployed by the media that determine which texts receive commercial and critical support. By demonstrating how minority-based literary labels such as  ‘francophone’ and ‘postcolonial’ are always already defined by the socio-political context in which such works are published and promoted, this book establishes that these labels are tautological and cannot reflect the thematic and stylistic richness of beur (and other minority) production in France.
Rachid Djaïdani and the Shift from Beur to Banlieue Writing
Authors: Kleppinger Kathryn A.
Published: January 2019

In response to the discourses presented above, this chapter considers one male voice, Rachid Djaïdani, responding to the accusations of criminality and violence. Through his three novels (Boumkœur (1999), Mon nerf (2004), Viscéral (2008)) and two films (Sur ma ligne (2006), Rengaine (2012)), Djaïdani challenges standard stereotypes regarding the violence of young men in France’s ghettos. He portrays young men suffering from on-going unemployment and frustration but generally attempting to forge futures for themselves. Several characters seek salvation through art, either as writers or as actors. In his interviews Djaïdani first accepted all questions asked of him and readily discussed social and political matters. As his career has progressed, however, he has become increasingly vocal in his defence of his artistic engagement, telling interviewers that his work is not only socio-political but artistically nuanced as well. He struggles to articulate his support of universalism in literature as he also relies on many standard images of criminality and violence, but he pushes his viewers to reconsider how ethnic minority authors are treated in French literature.
Muslim Women in French Cinema
Authors: Kealhofer-Kemp Leslie
Published: January 2019

Muslim Women in French Cinema: Voices of Maghrebi Migrants in France is the first comprehensive study of cinematic representations of first-generation Muslim women from the Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) in France. Situated at the intersection of post-colonial studies, gender studies, and film studies, this book uses the multi-layered concept of ‘voice’ as an analytical lens through which to examine a diverse corpus of over 60 documentaries, short films, téléfilms (made-for-television films), and feature films released in France between 1979 and 2014. In examining the ways in which the voices, experiences, and points of view of Maghrebi migrant women in France are represented and communicated through a selection of key films, this study offers new perspectives on Maghrebi migrant women in France. It shows that women of this generation, as they are represented in these films, are far more diverse and often more empowered than has generally been thought on the basis of the relatively narrow range of media and cultural productions that have so far reached mainstream audiences. The films examined in this study are part of larger contemporary debates and discussions relating to immigration, integration, and what it means to be French.
The Voices of Maghrebi Women in Documentary Films
Authors: Kealhofer-Kemp Leslie
Published: January 2019

The chapter examines a wide variety of documentaries featuring Muslim women from the Maghreb in France. It critically analyzes the different mediations and techniques, such as the use of extra-diegetic music, voiceover, and archive material, that are employed in the documentaries and serve to ‘frame’ the women’s voices in various ways and with different consequences. It identifies three distinct levels of intervention: the first involves a heavy-handed approach, where the voices of the women are significantly ‘framed’ or even drowned out (most notably in the post-production process). The second reflects a more minimalist approach with regard to framing, while the third appears to be minimalist or transparent but in fact involves a significant degree of intervention. In examining the different forms of mediation and degrees of intervention at work in these documentaries, as well as the consequences of this with regard to the voices of the Maghrebi migrant women in them, this analysis draws on Bill Nichols’ critical writings on the different modes of documentary, notably expository, observational, and interactive. The films examined in this chapter include documentaries directed by Yamina Benguigui, Malek Bensmaïl, and Yasmina Kherfi.
Andean Truths
Authors: Lambright Anne
Published: January 2019

Andean Truths: Transitional Justice, Ethnicity, and Cultural Production in Post-Shining Path Peru studies how literature, drama, film, and the visual arts contest the dominant narrative of national peace and reconciliation, as constructed by Peru’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Established in 2001, the Commission aimed to ‘investigate and make public the truth’ of the country’s twenty-year civil war, drawing upon homologous predecessors that provided a highly scripted model of truth-gathering and national healing. In this model, a predetermined collective mourning, catharsis, and reconciliation would move the nation forward in a consensually-determined fashion. Andean Truths shows that the Peruvian case proves internationally-endorsed models insufficient for arriving at the ‘truth’ of a national trauma that primarily affected disenfranchised ethnic groups, namely, the Andean Quechua speaking populations that accounted for the overwhelming majority of victims of the violence. Even as scholars recognize the importance of bringing multiple voices to the table in discussing post-Shining Path Peru, the question remains of what a more Andean-oriented transitional justice process might entail. Drawing on theories of decoloniality, intercultural communication and epistemological diversity (following scholars such as Enrique Dussel, Aníbal Quijano and Boaventura de Sousa Santos), this book analyzes cultural products, from the theater of Yuyachkani to the narrative of Oscar Colchado Lucio, the art of Edilberto Jiménez, and other popular artistic responses, that highlight Andean understandings of the conflict and its aftermath. These cultural products challenge dominant understandings of the conflict and question Peru’s ability to overcome its collective trauma without seriously reconsidering prevailing cultural paradigms.
Dead Body Politics
Authors: Lambright Anne
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the theatrical interventions by Grupo Cultural Yuyachkani, Peru’s premier popular theater collective, at the CVR’s public hearings in Huanta and Huamanga. From an established repertoire on Peruvian cultural heterogeneity, ethnic and gendered violence, and the war, Yuyachkani presented two plays whose protagonists are dead (one indigenous male, one mythic female) and called upon more (indigenous) dead when creating new pieces to accompany the endeavor, suggesting that after years of sustained—real and symbolic—violence, only the dead can embody the national situation, serve as the nation’s memory, and bridge individual and collective trauma. Challenging the therapeutic efforts of the CVR, dead bodies of marginalized subjects, and their ghosts, serve to explore collective and individual trauma, and mediate between the people and the state.
Conclusion
Authors: Lambright Anne
Published: January 2019

The conclusion ties together the themes of transitional justice, nation building, and ethnicity by briefly examining three “memory museums”: the Lugar de la Memoria in Lima, and two museums in Ayacucho. The first is a controversial effort by the state to create a national museum to commemorate the conflict. The two museums in Ayacucho are local efforts, the Museo de la Memoria in Huamanga, established by Quechua-speaking mothers of dead and disappeared persons, the Yuyana Wasi museum in the municipality of Huanta. The conclusion asks why, within the context of Peruvian transitional justice efforts, the official, state-sponsored memory space has experienced so many difficulties, its opening delayed for years, while unofficial, even rebellious, grassroots efforts have comparatively succeeded in providing spaces where Peru can confront its difficult past.
The economy
Authors: Huddie Paul
Published: January 2019

This chapter will show that the Russian conflict was a distinct period in Ireland’s economic history, being a catalyst for Ireland’s post-Famine agricultural recovery. It will be shown that this was caused by the increase in prices and demand which in turn encouraged farmers to alter the distribution of their tillage, export more livestock, hire more labourers and increase the latter’s wages. It will also include various (largely neglected) aspects of industry; showing Irish shipping companies’ comparable astuteness in relation to government contracts, which many entrepreneurs and merchants also eagerly sought, but also the inflexibility of the linen sector and the consequent problems experienced. Finally this chapter will show that the war was, much like the 1850s as a whole, a distinct period in the history of Irish taxation and Irish society’s relationship with its government in London in the nineteenth century and its relationship, or place within, the wider society of the United Kingdom.
Conclusion
Authors: Huddie Paul
Published: January 2019

The Crimean War was an important and influential event in Irish nineteenth-century history, to which a large cross-section of Irish people responded between 1854 and 1856. This they did in a variety ways and to a variety of different degrees, but when combined it represents a substantial and multifaceted response, that, much like the event, has remained under-researched and largely absent from Ireland’s modern historiography and history. As with the Great War, the conflict with Russia touched every part of Irish society, and elicited responses from the same, albeit on a far smaller scale. These were often similar to those in Great Britain, other parts of the empire and even in France in certain instances. It has been the aim of this book to illustrate the degree to which the Crimean War impacted upon Irish society, through an analysis of the latter’s responses in the six areas of parliamentary and nationalist politics, popular and religious reactions, the military and the economy. Within its parameters this book has endeavoured to produce as in depth and balanced a study of that response as possible, within the context of the United Kingdom and the British Empire....
The Third Rebellion: The SF Underground
Authors: Ashley Mike
Published: January 2019

The emergence of cyberpunk and the appearance of a new generation of writers saw the development of a more radical set of magazines for whom OMNI, ASIMOV’S and F&SF did not go far enough. These were called the SF Underground by John Shirley and included Scott Edelman, Lewis Shiner, Bruce Sterling, Rudy Rucker, Paul Di Filippo and others. Like the New Wave of the 1960s they influenced the sf mainstream through broadening ideas, techniques and content. Some of the fiction was dubbed slipstream. Key magazines were PULPHOUSE, NEW PATHWAYS and NOVA EXPRESS.
Learning to Read Science Fiction
Authors: Shippey Tom
Published: January 2019

There are many definitions of science fiction, but most of them are variations on Kingsley Amis’s sensible, if laborious, ‘Science Fiction is that class of prose narrative treating of a situation that could not arise in the world we know, but which is hypothesised on the basis of some innovation in science or technology, or pseudo-science or pseudo-technology’, from ...
Semiotic Ghosts and Ghostlinesses in the Work of Bruce Sterling
Authors: Shippey Tom
Published: January 2019

In chapter 3 of Bruce Sterling’s second novel, The Artificial Kid (1980), the Kid himself attends the carnival of Harlequinade, set in his world’s Decriminalized Zone. The participants are in costume: historical costumes from the future’s extended past, fish or animal costumes, with also:

the advocates of pure bizarrerie … people with no faces, or four arms, or eight legs; people in chains, in webs, in masses of bubbling froth; people dressed as the dead, the living, the not-yet-to-be, and the never-could-be....
Introduction
Authors: Shippey Tom
Published: January 2019

The relativity of cultural values is effectively axiomatic in modern cultural anthropology. But if cultures are relative, can they not be compared, critiqued, and evaluated? Is there any basis for the belief that modern liberal democracy is the best solution for humanity as a whole? In this chapter science fiction is seen as presenting a series of test cases. In some stories, science is portrayed as another type of superstition. In apocalyptic stories, moral values are suggested to be inappropriate for changed circumstances. Most strikingly, in many stories the possibility is raised of social engineering to effect desired cultural changes, with in most cases undesired and unexpected consequences. Science fiction offers both self-assertion and self-questioning in ways more probing and more painful than commonly realised.
Cultural Engineering: A Theme in Science Fiction
Authors: Shippey Tom
Published: January 2019

As a form, science fiction conceals homogeneity beneath apparent diversity. The diversity can be seen by looking at the range of paperbacks in any bookshop. One finds lumped together ‘end of the world’ stories, galactic empire stories, stories of the near future and, via time travel, of the very far past, as well as stories that have nothing to do with science at all but depend on magic, or the fantasy type known as ‘sword and sorcery’. One might well think that the inclusion of all these under one heading is just a mistake, that the diversity is genuine. There are two reasons for thinking that is not so: that there is something holding all this diversity together. One is temporary and practical; the other is an element that regular readers recognise, something that forms a large part of the genre’s appeal....
Starship Troopers, Galactic Heroes, Mercenary Princes: The Military and its Discontents in Science Fiction
Authors: Shippey Tom
Published: January 2019

I.F. Clarke’s demonstration of the debt owed by H.G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds to General Chesney’s till-then forgotten best-seller The Battle of Dorking remains one of the most suggestive facts in the history of science fiction. If science fiction is above all a ‘fabril’ mode, as I have suggested elsewhere (...
Introduction
Authors: Cairns Lucille
Published: January 2019

While its perspective is mainly literary, this book may be of interest to scholars and students in a wide variety of fields: colonial and postcolonial studies, conflict studies, French/Francophone studies, history, identity studies, Israeli studies, Jewish studies and political science. The subject of the book is rare within some of these disciplines: autobiographies, memoirs and novels by French-language Jewish writers...
Arab–Israeli Conflict Turned Franco–Israeli Conflict
Authors: Cairns Lucille
Published: January 2019

This chapter assesses the conflict between Israel and France, which exists as a consequence of France’s perceived systematic anti-Israeli/anti-Zionist bias. In her discussion, Cairns analyses the link between French hostility towards Israel and the increase of antisemitism in twenty-first century France and twenty-first century Israeli’s view of France as a deeply anti-Semitic country.
Supplement
Authors: Cairns Lucille
Published: January 2019

This chapter concludes with a final thought on consensus and dissensus in Francophone Jewish writers’ affective and cognitive responses to Israel. With the support of a grant from the British Academy, Cairns conducts thirteen interviews with authors that ultimately helped to contribute to this text.
Being Contemporary, Then and Now
Authors: Brozgal Lia , Kippur Sara
Published: January 2019

The contemporary is the untimely.

Roland Barthes, Collège de France lectures

Contemporariness is a singular relationship with one’s own time, which adheres to it and, at the same time, keeps a distance from it.

Giorgio Agamben, What is an Apparatus?

For a time, some 20 years ago, there was another book called ...
Identities in Flux
Authors: Robin Régine
Published: January 2019

‘Identities in Flux’, written by Régine Robin, is the first essay in the ‘Contemporary Politics and French Thought’ section and traces the major forces that have impacted post-colonial France: global capitalism, immigration and its resultant multiculturalism, the rise of the political right, and the persistent crises of memory that have occupied the second half of the twentieth century.
Forces of Solidarity and Logics of Exclusion
Authors: Sapiro Gisèle
Published: January 2019

‘Forces of Solidarity and Logics of Exclusion: The Role of Literary Institutions in Times of Crisis’, written by Gisèle Sapiro, assesses the marginalization of writers from literary institutions under the Vichy regime due to their Jewish origins or political opinions. In her essay, Sapiro gestures more broadly to an understanding of mechanisms of exclusion in times of crisis, thus asserting that a study of the Vichy period has much to teach us in terms of identity construction today, and that attention to ‘the history of representations and of institutions is the only way to explore our collective unconscious.’
‘Moral Witnessing’?
Authors: Ezrahi Sidra DeKoven
Published: January 2019

‘‘Moral Witnessing?’ An Israeli Perspective on Jonathan Littell’s Les Bienveillantes’, written by Sidra DeKoven Ezrahi, offers a cogent critique of Littell’s Goncourt-winning novel. Her essay argues that, despite its success in the popular press, Les Bienveillantes rehearses a banalization of evil as an aesthetic form, rendering readers simultaneously dispassionate and complicit in the crimes of the novel’s perpetrator-protagonist.
From ‘Never Forgetting’ to ‘Post-Remembering’ and ‘Co-witnessing’
Authors: Kacandes Irene
Published: January 2019

‘From ‘Never Forgetting’ to ‘Post-Remembering’ and ‘Co-Witnessing’: Memory Work for the Twenty-First Century’, written by Irene Kacandes, examines the rhetorical, political, and ethical stakes of the terms used for remembering the Holocaust. Kacandes deploys a model of what she terms ‘co-witnessing’ in her reading of literary texts and documentary films, and suggests that, in our contemporary world, we must create a culture of witness that can both speak truth to the wrongs perpetrated in the past and call attention to forms of injustice as they occur today.
‘I’ in the Plural
Authors: Wieviorka Annette
Published: January 2019

‘‘I’ in the Plural: A New Writing of History’, written by Annette Wieviorka, is the first essay in the ‘Writing the Contemporary Self’ section’ and focuses on personal stories of Second World War history. Aided by archives and interviews, Wieviorka produces a work that is part testimony, part historiography, and attempts to answer big questions, such as: What is the purpose of writing the history of a family? How should this history be written? What has made such writing possible now?
Risking Who One Is, at the Risk of Thinking
Authors: Jardine Alice
Published: January 2019

‘Risking Who One Is, at the Risk of Thinking: On Writing an Intellectual Biography of Julia Kristeva’, written by Alice Jardine, discusses the task of writing an intellectual biography and highlights the state of the discipline and the role of the contemporary critic as an arbiter of categories whose task is to define the contemporary and contemporary studies. In his essay, Jardine asks ‘How can one operate critically as an intellectual when one’s corpus, one’s object of critique, has been produced by a living artist, philosopher-critic, or writer with whom one feels deep affinity?’
Long Live Anachronism
Authors: Bal Mieke
Published: January 2019

‘Long Live Anachronism’, written by Mieke Bal, is the first essay in the ‘Novel Rereadings’ section and provides a self-conscious analysis of Bal’s own collaborative art practice and its outcomes. In the essay, Bal makes a passionate plea for the essential role of anachronism in our understanding of contemporaneity in art, and suggests that her collaborative audio-visual installation project ‘Madame B’ (what she calls an ‘unfaithful’ adaptation of Flaubert’s novel) ‘actualizes’ the nineteenth-century text to release ‘its political thrust,’ demonstrating the work’s durable ‘aliveness.’
Colette’s Côtelettes, or the Word Made Flesh
Authors: Beizer Janet
Published: January 2019

‘Colette’s Côtelettes, or the Word Made Flesh’, written by Janet Beizer, provides a repositioning of Colette scholarship and revisits debates over the origin of writing in Colette’s work. The essay proposes new sites of origin, new genealogies of literary filiation, and explores how works by Colette, and by her spiritual father, Balzac, use ‘the trope of art repackaged as matter for physical consumption to address the relationship of spiritual and earthly nourishment.’
Patrick Modiano
Authors: Kawakami Akane
Published: January 2019

This book is an introduction to the work of Patrick Modiano, the Nobel-Prize-winning French contemporary author. Using a theoretical approach based on the work of Genette and Ricoeur, the study teases out the complexities of Modiano’s apparently simple narratives, showing how they skilfully weave together the fictional and historical to involve and draw the reader into the worlds of his novels, whether it be the murky labyrinth of the années noires or the amoral yet attractive landscape of the sixties. The book also discusses new aspects of Modiano’s post-2000 novels, such as the greater role played in them by women, the unexpected appearance of ideas from Nietzsche, and a meditation on the nature of time that owes much to – but is profoundly different from – that of his illustrious precursor, Proust.
Being Popular: The Modiano Novel
Authors: Kawakami Akane
Published: January 2019

This chapter deals with the claim – or the accusation – that Modiano’s novels are all the same, which is one reason why they are so popular; the reader always knows, if this argument is to be believed, what s/he is getting, and is therefore always satisfied. It is indeed true that Modiano’s novels often feature a very recognizable first-person narrator, similar themes and backdrops, and plots built around a quest which usually fails. The chapter examines this issue in detail, showing how Modiano plays with it himself through self-parody and self-affirmation, and through the publication of a non-fictional work, Dora Bruder, in 1997.
Being Eternal: The Endless Recurrence of Time and Writing
Authors: Kawakami Akane
Published: January 2019

Nietzsche’s notion of ‘eternal recurrence’ makes a surprising appearance in Modiano’s 2007 novel, Dans le café de la jeunesse perdue, and continues to be explored by the novelist – who has usually avoided philosophical and intellectual tendencies from surfacing in his novels – in several subsequent works. This chapter shows how Modiano’s use of Nietzsche is very much in accordance with his own vision and obsessions, and how it is useful for a development of his particular understanding of time, which owes much to Proust’s thinking on the same subject but is radically different from it in essential ways. Modiano also seems, in his recent works, to be thinking more explicitly about a hitherto taboo subject, psychoanalysis, in his explorations of memory and time. The chapter concludes that Modiano’s vision of time seems to be related to François Hartog’s notion of ‘présentisme’, a view of the present that incorporates large swathes of the past by actualizing, through acts of memorialisation, rememoration and witnessing, the pas within the scope of the present.
Cultural Diplomacy
Authors: Martínez del Campo Luis G.
Published: January 2019

In this book, I explore the history of the British-Spanish Society, which played a key role in the cultural relations between Spain and the UK during the 20th Century. I argue that this association is an early example of those cultural institutions involved in foreign policy. Although its aims were usually political and economic, its strategies were based on the advocacy of cultural understanding between Britons and Spaniards. In fact, the British-Spanish Society’ biggest achievement was its important contribution to the development of the Spanish language education in the UK in the 20th Century. In the beginning, the association was basically a British soft power tool, but it also served the Spanish diplomatic strategy after the World War II. This book offers the first overview of its history, paying special attention to both its role in British-Spanish relations, and its contribution to Spanish language education in the UK.
The Anglo-Spanish Society in the interwar period
Authors: Martínez del Campo Luis G.
Published: January 2019

I study how the end of the Great War heralded a new stage in the history of the BSS. I analyse the Society’s double mission after the war. On the one hand, the BSS promoted British trade with Spanish-speaking countries. On the other hand, its members contributed to the development of Spanish language education in the UK. Finally, I explain why the BSS’ dissolution took place in 1939.
The rebirth
Authors: Martínez del Campo Luis G.
Published: January 2019

I explain how the BSS was reorganised on the basis of the League of Friendship in a complex diplomatic context. I study how Franco’s regime attempted to control the League through the Spanish Embassy in London. I also explore how the League launched a propaganda campaign to change the British public’s negative perception of Franco’s Spain.
Introducción
Authors: Martínez del Campo Luis G.
Published: January 2019

Algunos observadores han argumentado que el poder se nutre menos de la fuerza militar y la conquista que antaño. Para evaluar el poder internacional en la actualidad, elementos como la tecnología, la educación o el crecimiento económico son cada vez más importantes, mientras que la geografía, la población o las materias primas son más insignificantes....
La reorganización
Authors: Martínez del Campo Luis G.
Published: January 2019

Después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, las relaciones hispanobritánicas no pasaban por su mejor momento. A pesar de su teórica neutralidad, la España de Franco había respaldado al ejército alemán mediante el envío de la División Azul y se había alineado ideológicamente con el Estado fascista italiano. De ahí que la victoria de los aliados en 1945 condenara al régimen dictatorial español a un aislamiento diplomático que era claramente perjudicial para su futuro. En 1946, los gobiernos de Francia, de los Estados Unidos y del Reino Unido certificaban que España no podía ingresar en la ONU, dando lugar a un bloqueo internacional que sólo comenzó a romperse a principios de la década de 1950....
Terraforming: Engineering Imaginary Environments
Authors: Pak Chris
Published: January 2019

Beginning with the coining of “terraforming” by science fiction writer Jack Williamson, this chapter explores the boundaries of the term in scientific discourse and in fiction, focusing attention on its significance for stories of interplanetary colonisation. It compares terraforming with its Earthbound counterpart, geoengineering, thus highlighting how science fiction explores modes of relating to Earth’s environment. It introduces James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis and explains its significance for terraforming, and explores the nature of science fiction’s environmental engagement and its intersections with ecocritical concerns. It also introduces the concept of nature’s otherness and of landscaping, and connects the latter to Bakhtin’s chronotope, thus delineating an analytical framework for exploring how space and time is invested with human value and meaning in science fictional narratives.
The American Pastoral and the Conquest of Space
Authors: Pak Chris
Published: January 2019

This chapter analyses the American Pastoral in the first terraforming boom of the 1950s. Referencing Ernest J. Yanarella’s discussion of terraforming in The Cross, the Plow and the Skyline: Contemporary Science Fiction and the Ecological Imagination, this chapter begins with the image of the pioneer farmer that attracted westward expansion and its obverse, the portrayal of dystopian societies where the promise of the pastoral is co-opted. This section recalls the “Garden of the Chattel” image of American colonialism, in which pastoral themes sublimate and so conceal the historic fact of slavery that underlay agricultural production in the American South. The final section considers the propensity to extend human moral systems to aliens and how the pastoral and elements of the sublime converge to offer counter-narratives highlighting the ecological devastation caused by the human expansion into space.
Kim Stanley Robinson’s Mars Trilogy
Authors: Pak Chris
Published: January 2019

The final chapter analyses Robinson’s multiple award winning Mars trilogy. It considers cybernetic themes in conceptions of terraforming and biospheres, and synthesises two related concepts, Jed Rasula’s “composting” and Thierry Bardini’s “junk,” to characterise the ramified dialogism of terraforming narratives. It explores pastoral images of the garden and, through Simon Hailwood, brings to bear Nagel’s notion of intersubjectivity and the process of “stepping back” to account for the change of perspective toward the natural world experienced by various characters. This section continues with a discussion of the relationship between science and nature and its implications for environmental philosophy and science fiction before ending with reflections on how terraforming narratives combine myth, science, politics, social inquiry and aesthetics to explore human relationships to their environments.
Trauma and Ethics
Authors: Davis Colin
Published: January 2019

Trauma studies raises, but does not always give satisfactory answers, to ethical issues concerning, for example, secondary trauma and the academic discussion of testimonial texts. The first chapter in the section discusses work by Felman and Agamben, especially the latter’s highly problematic appropriation of the figure of the Muselmann; and it looks at the work of Charlotte Delbo, the deportee and survivor who takes the risk of speaking for the other despite the ethical pitfalls that this involves.
Camus’s War
Authors: Davis Colin
Published: January 2019

Camus’s great novel L’Etranger was published in 1942. Although it contains no explicit reference to the war, the chapter argues that it bears the marks of a trauma text. It is compared to his more polemical essays, Lettres à un ami allemand, which acknowledge the need for armed resistance to the German Occupation.
Life Stories
Authors: Davis Colin
Published: January 2019

Paul Ricoeur, who was undoubtedly France’s most important hermeneutic thinker of the last century, spoke only sparingly of his experiences as a POW in his published works. His brief support for Pétain and the policy of collaboration nevertheless echoes, perhaps, across his mature thinking about the conflict of interpretations, and his consistent attempt to find ways of reconciling apparently warring approaches.
Afterlives
Authors: Davis Colin
Published: January 2019

This chapter considers the influence of the war on the works of Althusser and Levinas. Althusser’s period as a POW prepared the way for his conversion to Communism and his becoming the foremost Marxist thinker of his generation; and in his life and writing, the issue of incarceration dramatically re-emerged when he killed his wife, Hélène. Levinas was a naturalized Frenchman, originally from a Jewish family in Lithuania, when war broke out. His experiences as a POW consolidated his distancing from the phenomenology of Husserl and Heidegger and laid the way for his position as a highly influential ethical thinker whose work was particularly important for the ethical turn of poststructuralism.
Testimony/Literature/Fiction
Authors: Davis Colin
Published: January 2019

At the time of his deportation to Buchenwald, Semprun was a member of the Communist Resistance. His political beliefs appear to have sustained him through the experience, scarred but not traumatized. The experience only becomes traumatic, in the sense of radically destabilizing his identity and beliefs, when his Communist convictions are tested and finally broken in the early 1960s. His subsequent literary writing revolves around the trauma of war and its continuing disruptive effect.
O’Cionnfaola v. the Wellcome Foundation and Daniel McCarthy
Authors: Dwyer Michael
Published: January 2019

Chapter six argues that by the end of 1936, the Irish Free State had come close to incepting an operational national anti-diphtheria immunization scheme. This is a noteworthy achievement, as state-backed anti-diphtheria schemes were not introduced as an intervention against this pressing public health issue in the rest of Europe until 1938 and were only pursued with any vigour when wartime conditions exacerbated the problem from 1940 onwards. If it had progressed unimpeded, the Free State intervention seemed destined to eliminate diphtheria, and to become the first established national childhood immunization programme in Europe. However, the death of Siobhán O’Cionnfaola in April 1937, and the subsequent controversy surrounding the Ring incident, asked serious questions of active immunization and ultimately undermined vaccine confidence among parents, practitioners, and politicians. This chapter will evaluate the impact of the Ring controversy and the social, political and medical implications left in the wake of the incident.
Susanna Watts and Elizabeth Heyrick
Authors: James Felicity , Shuttleworth Rebecca
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the cultural and literary importance of a little-known network of women writers in the Midlands – significance which is rooted in, but extends far beyond, their local setting. Focussing on two Leicester writers and friends, the abolitionist and animal rights campaigners Susanna Watts (c.1768 - 1842) and Elizabeth Heyrick, née Coltman (1769-1831) it gives an insight into the rich culture of provincial women and restores a range of female voices to our understanding of Midlands society, religion, literature and reform. Collaboratively written itself, this chapter explores and contextualises collaborative practices, emphasising the importance of local community, worship, and friendship. While Heyrick, Watts and their circle should be seen as part of a larger anti-slavery network operating in the period, it is also important to recognise the subtle differences between groups which complicate our idea of the collective female voice in the period.
Modelling Mary Russell Mitford’s Networks
Authors: Beshero-Bondar Elisa , Donovan-Condron Kellie
Published: January 2019

This chapter features the Digital Mitford Archive’s work to construct a scholarly edition as a digital database. The chapter presents a view of the once popular and prolific Mary Russell Mitford as a writing node in a network of people and publications that shaped nineteenth-century literary and theatrical genres. The first half of the chapter applies distant reading methods to construct a model of Mitford’s correspondence network from extant records of over 2,000 letters held in public and private collections on both sides of the Atlantic. The chapter further investigates networks of reference within Mitford’s letters and writings from the 1820s encoded thus far in the Digital Mitford Archive, to explore which people and fictional characters Mitford discussed the most in years of career-defining productivity. The network analyses serve to highlight Mitford’s close relationships with male correspondents and her strong interest in female characters in the literature of her moment.
The Citational Network of Tighe, Porter, Barbauld, Lefanu, Morgan, and Hemans
Authors: Linkin Harriet Kramer
Published: January 2019

This essay looks at five Romantic-era women writers who invoke Mary Tighe in their works by name, quotation, or epigraph--Anna Maria Porter, Anna Letitia Barbauld, Alicia Lefanu, Lady Morgan, and Felicia Hemans--to consider what these invocations suggest about lines of affiliation, the construction of aesthetic communities, and attempts to shape or forecast reception. It argues that these woman writers create a citational network through the figure and work of Mary Tighe, to call attention to her significance and therein establish their own histories of influence and reception. Their citational practices produce a more expansive version of what Gerard Genette designates the ‘epigraph effect’ in Paratexts, affording opportunities for writers to signal their place in a cultural tradition, to acknowledge or choose their peers and predecessors, and to proleptically instantiate their consecration in a particular literary pantheon. They effectively create a canon of their own by building citational networks.
Introduction
Authors: Archer-Parré Caroline , Dick Malcolm
Published: January 2019

BASKERVILLE, with its well-considered ‘proportions and design, its methods of thickening or thinning parts of a letter, and its sharper and more horizontal treatment of serifs’,1 is one of the world’s most widely used, enduring and influential typefaces. It was created by John Baskerville (1707–75), a printer, entrepreneur and artist who changed the course of type design and made eighteenth-century Birmingham a town without typographic equal....
John Baskerville’s Decorated Papers
Authors: McKay Barry , Patterson Diana
Published: January 2019

Disregarded by the eighteenth-century book trade and dismissed by subsequent paper historians, Baskerville’s end papers have generally been disdained as amateurish, inconsistent and lacking in both technical and aesthetic proficiency. This chapter, however, re-evaluates Baskerville’s marbled paper and suggests that the marbling was done in a novel and possibly ground-breaking manner for the period, using colours from Baskerville's japanning business. Rather than following popular European trends in marbling, may have been influenced by a lesser-known Ottoman Turkish form of marbling known as yazali-ebrû. The chapter concludes that Baskerville’s marbled paper should be viewed as a considered and reasoned trial rather than an unsophisticated and failed experiment, which, although unacceptable to the eighteenth-century eye, can now be understood as being ahead of its time.
The Cambridge Cult of the Baskerville Press
Authors: Archer-Parré Caroline
Published: January 2019

This chapter considers an early impetus in the Baskerville revival: the Baskerville Club, whose work encouraged the ‘fashionable Cambridge cult of the Baskerville press.’ The Baskerville Club was established in 1903 by a small group of Cambridge librarians, bibliographers and bibliophiles brought together through a common concern for the printer’s books. The Baskerville Club was probably the earliest gathering of what can loosely be described as Baskerville scholars, or if not Baskerville scholars as such, at least academics who had been brought together through a mutual interest in the printer and his books, each with a common desire to raise awareness of his publications, and to contribute to an understanding of his work. The Club’s primary publication, the No 1 Handlist, provided an early indication of the level of complexity and confusion attached to describing Baskerville’s books: problems experienced, but not wholly solved, by the printer’s subsequent bibliographers. This chapter explores the degree to which the Club spearheaded the twentieth-century revival of interest in Baskerville; its role in laying the foundations upon which subsequent scholarly Baskerville activity has been built; and the extent to which it influenced the development and progress of bibliographical studies.
Towards Rearmament, 1934–1935
Authors: Miller Christopher W.
Published: January 2019

This chapter outlines the major developments in the years 1934 and 1935, as Britain entered a period of planning without spending, and attempting to lay the groundwork for a potential rearmament without physically ordering a great deal of weapons. This involved a protracted debate over the ‘ultimate potential enemy’, including the role of Neville Chamberlain and Maurice Hankey in attempting to impose their will upon the future direction of British policy in light of the rise of Hitler, as well as creating a set of hypotheses upon which rearmament was to be based via the Defence Requirements Committee.
The Disabling of Aging Female Bodies: Midwives, Procuresses, Witches and the Monstrous Mother
Authors: Juárez-Almendros Encarnación
Published: January 2019

This chapter studies the literary trope of the hag. The works chosen for examination, Fernando de Rojas’s La Celestina (1499, 1502), Cervantes’s Diálogo de los perros [Dialogue of the Dogs] (1613), Mateo Alemán’s Guzmán de Alfarache (1599, 1604) and Francisco de Quevedo’s El Buscón [The Swindler] (1626) as well as his satiric poetry, are representative of the evolution of elderly women characters in Early Modern Spanish literature. Using disability and aging theories, the chapter focuses the analysis on the major components of their depiction: their defective bodies, their relation to the healing arts (midwives) and sexual activities, their proclivity to practice witchcraft, and their inefficient role as mothers. The objective is to illustrate the mechanisms involved in the construction of aging female disability in the imaginary of the period.
Haunted Algeria
Authors: Hiddleston Jane
Published: January 2019

‘Haunted Algeria’ studies Djebar’s expatriation from Algeria in her later works. The chapter describes loss felt by Algeria and foregrounds the country’s search for identity and belonging, as its remembrance of the horrors of its past by which it is still haunted.
Flesh Made Word: Traumatic Memory in Biblique des derniers gestes
Authors: McCusker Maeve
Published: January 2019

The final chapter in Patrick Chamoiseau, Recovering Memory is devoted to Chamoiseau’s most recent novel, and his most experimental to date, Biblique des derniers gestes. It returns to the theories of trauma introduced in Chapter One, in an attempt to explain the hallucinatory and excessive nature of this novel, and to identify slavery, a seemingly marginal feature of the novel, as being in fact at its traumatic core.
Multiculturalization of Societies: The State and Human Rights Issues
Authors: Bellier Irène
Published: January 2019

Chapter seven, written by Irène Bellier, addresses the concept of human rights in the context of so-called ‘multicultural societies’, and uses the Roma as an illustrative case study.
Community, Nature and Solitude in Daniel Maximin’s L’Ile et une nuit
Authors: Britton Celia
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses mainly on Daniel Maximin’s L’Ile et une nuit but also makes reference to the author’s other two novels, L’Isolé soleil and Soufrières. Britton foregrounds how, in L’Ile et une nuit, the community of Guadeloupe is defined in relation to the forces of nature, and also by its capacity to resist them.
Conclusion
Authors: Britton Celia
Published: January 2019

Each of the preceding chapters has been devoted to a different novel’s representation of community; I would like to conclude by exploring some of the differences and similarities between them. Do they share a common sense of community, or do they have nothing in common? Is the sense of community merely a matter of common sense, in both senses, or is it a problematic, fragile and conflictual construct?...
The IMM Merger and Further Consolidations in the Shipping Industry
Authors: Feys Torsten
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the International Merchant Marine (IMM) merger and consolidations in the shipping industry and how they affected the transatlantic passenger trade. It offers a close analysis of the strategies utilised by conferences against outside competitor lines; the level of success of the New York Continental Conference in preventing lines from enlarging market shares; the internal relations between conference members and the impact this had on steerage rates; the efforts to rationalise migrant agent networks through conference agreements; and the way the antitrust campaign caught up with the shipping industry during the Progressive Era. It concludes by asserting that conferences were willing to take strong measures to prevent the passage of American laws that might harm their business interests, particularly that of migrant shipping.
Introduction
Authors: Janzen Olaf U.
Published: January 2019

I am flattered to have been invited to reprint a selection of my papers over the course of nearly thirty years, and I am grateful to the series editor of Research in Maritime History and to the International Maritime Economic History Association for encouraging me to accept that invitation....
"Of Consequence to the Service:" The Rationale behind Cartographic Surveys in Early Eighteenth-Century Newfoundland
Authors: Janzen Olaf U.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines two cartographic surveys carried out during the eighteenth century on the southern coast of Newfoundland, in order to determine their purpose. It seeks to prove that the rationale was not, as stated, for the benefit of trade and commerce, but instead a question of sovereignty and a response to the shift from French to British rule due to the Treaty of Utrecht. It places the sovereignty struggle into historical context, then explains how it affected activity on the Newfoundland fishery. It analyses the treaty and explores how French fishermen were reluctant to give up their lucrative fishing territory. It then analyses the surveys themselves, and concludes that these early surveyance efforts demonstrate the way British maritime merchants became involved in asserting British to serve their own commercial needs.
The Problem of Piracy in the Newfoundland Fishery in the Aftermath of the War of the Spanish Succession
Authors: Janzen Olaf U.
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the brief resurgence of piracy in Newfoundland between the years 1717 and 1725. It places the developments in Newfoundland within the context of North Atlantic piracy in the aftermath of the War of Spanish Succession, whilst linking the presence of pirates in Newfoundland to the working conditions of the Fishery. It details the fish trade’s vulnerability to piracy, particularly from North African ‘Sallee Rovers’; the increase in state protection; the differing approaches of Britain and France when dealing with piracy; and the difficult working conditions in the fishery and how that contributed to the recruitment of pirates. It concludes that once the Royal Navy’s presence in Newfoundland increased and the working conditions in the fishery eased during economic recovery, piracy was quick to disappear from the area.