bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rabdomiólise secundária a vacina contra COVID-19: relato de caso
Authors:   Médico de Família, Oliveira Andreia , Paraíso Rita ,   Médico de Família, Lobão Paola ,   Médico de Família, Guerreiro Vanessa ,   Médico de Família
Published: March 2023

Introdução: A rabdomiólise caracteriza-se por uma lesão do músculo esquelético. Foi descrita como complicação da COVID-19, mas foram relatados poucos casos associados à sua vacinação. Descrição do caso: Após alta hospitalar de uma doente de 80 anos, o médico de família recebeu o relatório de admissão por queixas álgicas e diminuição da força nos membros inferiores. Foram excluídas as causas comuns de rabdomiólise, destacando-se a administração da primeira dose da vacina contra COVID-19 (Vaxzevria®) na véspera do internamento. Após instituição terapêutica, os sintomas melhoraram e teve alta hospitalar. Com uma avaliação completa colocou-se a hipótese de ser um dos primeiros casos de rabdomiólise relacionada com uma vacina de vetor recombinante de adenovírus contra a COVID-19. Comentário: Deve ser considerada a possibilidade de rabdomiólise induzida pela vacina COVID-19 como um efeito adverso potencialmente grave desta em doentes com mialgia, fraqueza muscular e colúria. Ainda assim, pela sua baixa frequência, subsiste uma relação risco-benefício favorável à vacinação.
Use of bupivacaine infiltrative local block in bitches submitted to ovariohysterectomy by celiotomy or video-assisted surgery by two-portals access
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Martins Letícia Reginato , Teixeira Luciana Gonçalves ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Linhares Marcella Teixeira ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Ferranti João Pedro Scussel ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Coradini Gabriela Pesamosca ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Mariga Carollina ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Beck Rafael Colomé ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brun Mauricio Veloso ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Soares André Vasconcelos ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Published: March 2023

This randomized blinded study objected to investigate a local anesthesia (0,5% bupivacaine) in the surgical incision site in dogs underwent to ovariohysterectomy by celiotomy or video-assisted by two-portal. Twenty-eight healthy adults were selected. Dogs were divided into celiotomy control group, celiotomy blocking group (BC), video-assisted control group and blocking video-assisted group (BV). In the BC and BV, bupivacaine was administered SC in the incision line or port sites. Control groups received NaCl 0,9% at the same sites. Three evaluators blinded evaluated postoperative pain, using Melbourne Pain Scale and visual analog scale. The anesthetic infiltrative blockade used was efficient in promoting postoperative comfort in both celiotomy and video assisted OVH.
УРАХУВАННЯ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ДЕТЕРМІНАНТІВ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВИМИ КОЛЕКТИВАМИ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ТА УЧАСТІ У БОЙОВИХ ДІЯХ
Authors: Мул Сергій
Published: March 2023

Унікальність середовища військового стану в країні, залучення у воєнну організацію держави значного людського потенціалу та військові перемоги на полі бою спонукали автора дослідити проблему психологічних детермінант управління військовими колективами під час бойових дій. У статті розкриваються результати дослідження управлінців вищого рівня, які організовують, забезпечують та керують підпорядкованими військовими колективами зони бойових дій. Автор зазначає, що незважаючи на обставини воєнної обстановки психологічний стан управлінського апарату вищого рівня управління в умовах керівництва бойовими військовими частинами є афрустрованим, поведінка та переживання військовослужбовців здійснюють підвищений вплив на самоефективність професійної діяльності кожного члена органу управління. Онтогенетична адаптація до середовища війни військовослужбовців стала перехідним етапом до соціалізації значущих навколишніх подій і місця управлінця в досягненні сформованих цілей і завдань структур управління. Фактор мотивації, як детермінований чинник продовжує бути домінантним і в середовищі бойових дій, окремі матеріальні складові, які формують мотиваційний компонент готовності впливають незначним чином. Важливим детермінантом в управлінському процесі є стан нервової системи членів управлінського колективу, який значущо впливає на психологічну поведінку військових колективів керованих досліджуваним органом управління. Особистісний детермінант професійного розвитку управлінця сформований у довоєнний період впливає на весь процес особистісного самоствердження, ціннісного відношення до справ, своїх обов’язків в усіх управлінських сферах. Результати дослідження свідчать про те, що під час професійної підготовки офіцерів управлінської ланки важливе значення належить психологічній підготовці військовослужбовців. Їхнє призначення на посади в органах і підрозділах охорони державного кордону має ураховувати рівень мотивації, прагнення до професійного розвитку, а також стресо- і психологічну стійкість.
Tuberous Sclerosis: An Overview of All Aspects of the Disease Based On a Pediatric Case
Authors:   Senior Resident of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery,NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, India, Ghosh Tamajyoti , Singh Binoy Binoy K ,   Associate Professor of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery,All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
Published: March 2023

Background and Importance:Tuberous sclerosis, also known as Bourneville's disease is a rare autosomal dominant disease affecting multiple systems. In this case report, we emphasize the importance of clinical criteria instead of genetic analysis in diagnosing tuberous sclerosis and the need for rigorous follow-up of patientsto prevent complications. Case Presentation: Here we present a case of a 10-year-old boy presenting with intractable seizure and hypo-pigmented patches on his face and back of trunk. In neuroimaging evaluation, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma was diagnosed. Further, hisabdominal ultrasound showed multiple hamartomatous lesions in the liver and bilateral kidney. His cardiology and dental evaluation were normal. The dermatologist diagnosed a shagreen patch on the back of his trunk. Based on the latest clinical diagnostic criteria, he was diagnosed with a case of tuberous sclerosis and has been on the rigorous follow-up ever since. Conclusion: Since tuberous sclerosis is a multisystem disease, early diagnosis is necessary to prevent acute symptoms and prevent long-term complications. Here we emphasize the need to use clinical criteria instead of genetic study for early diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis.
Polycythemia, Thrombocythemia, and Hyperfibrinogenemia are Associated With Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes and Salt-induced Hypertension in Male Wistar Rats
Authors:   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Ehikhuemen Okonofua David , Ndudi Asiwe Jerome ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Goodies Moke Emuesiri ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria., Famous Igie Nosakhare ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, USA, Olalekan Sanusi Kamaldeen ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Oluwatosin Yesufu Jolaoluwa ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Adedipe Fasanmade Adesoji ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Published: March 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus and anaemia are frequently reported to be associated with polycythemia in several studies. Furthermore, some studies also have linked polycythemia with hypertension. However, whether hypertension and diabetes comorbidity had polycythemia/erythrocytosis, thrombocythemia, or hyperfibrinogenemia is unknown. Objectives: This study investigated the incidence of polycythemia, thrombocythemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia in diabetic and hypertensive male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were categorized into five groups, each with six animals: negative control (zero-salt diet), positive control (standard salt diet – 0.3% salt), high salt diet – 8% salt (HSD only), Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes fed with normal salt diet (STZ only), and high salt diet with STZ-induced diabetes (HSD+STZ). Hematological variables and fibrinogen concentration were measured after a 4-week experimental period. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis and a P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The heart rate and mean arterial pressure increased significantly in the HSD, STZ, and HSD+STZ groups, suggesting salt-induced hypertension. Compared to the controls, the STZ and HSD +STZ groups had significantly higher hematocrit, platelet estimate, and fibrinogen concentration. The STZ and HSD+STZ groups had a shorter clotting period, which correlated with higher platelet counts and fibrinogen levels. Compared to the controls, the HSD group had a lower platelet count and fibrinogen concentration, as well as a longer clotting time. Conclusion: This study suggests that polycythemia, thrombocythemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia are potential risk factors for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus.
Study of Chlorpheniramine-induced Genotoxicity in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Zamani Ehsan , Mahboub Saba ,   Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Evazalipour Mehdi ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Published: March 2023

Background: Chlorpheniramine is an H1 receptor inverse agonist, which belongs to the first-generation class. It is generally regarded as a strong antihistamine with a wide variety of indications in allergic and non-allergic diseases. The extensive consumption of chlorpheniramine might culminate in less evident adverse effects, such as genotoxicity. Objectives: In this study, we attempted to assess the possible potential of chlorpheniramine in inducing genotoxicity. Methods: Human lymphocytes were separated into groups as follows: control group (Phosphate Buffered saline), Chlorpheniramine group (0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5 mM), and Positive control group (cisplatin 0.4 µg/mL). After 24 hours of incubation, we conducted an alkaline comet assay to evaluate the DNA damage. Also, oxidative stress damage was evaluated by the levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathione oxidation. Results: Significant increases were observed in DNA percentage in tail and tail moment at high concentration (1.5mM, P<0.05). Likewise, at the same concentration, the MDA levels increased significantly in addition to the significant depletion in the level of glutathione. Conclusion: High concentration of chlorpheniramine significantly induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. In addition, we showed that oxidative stress was one of the mechanisms elaborated in chlorpheniramine genotoxicity at high concentrations.
Exploring the Facilitators and Barriers of Social Integration of Patients With Spinal Cord Injuries in Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Razzaghi Vahid , Ostadhashemi Leila ,   Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Arshi Maliheh ,   Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sabzi Khoshnami Mohammad ,   Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Health, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2023

Objective People's lives change after unfortunate events such as spinal cord injury, and the people with this injury, as a citizen, face various obstacles and challenges to participate in society. This study explores the barriers and facilitators of social integration of patients with spinal cord injuries in Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital. Materials & Methods This research was conducted using Granheim and Lundman's (2004) conventional content analysis. The participants comprised 13 people with spinal cord injury, 4 family caregivers of patients, and 5 rehabilitation service providers in Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital, which were selected by purposive sampling. Sampling was continued until data saturation. Data were collected and analyzed using semi-structured in-depth interviews. To evaluate the stability of the data, four criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability proposed by Guba and Lincoln were used. Results Facilitators of social integration of people with spinal cord injury were identified in the 3 main categories and 8 subcategories. The main categories were "social support," "social participation," and "individual beliefs." The barriers to social integration were extracted from participants' experiences and consist of 3 main categories of "environmental and structural barriers," "physical and motor barriers," and "contextual factors" and 6 related subcategories. Conclusion According to the findings of this study, patients with spinal cord injuries face various barriers in order to re-integrate into the community. On the other hand, helpful factors at different levels of individual, family, and social facilitate their social integration process. Recognizing these factors, derived from the deep and rich experiences of people with spinal cord injury, family caregivers, and rehabilitation service providers, can be useful to patients, families, professionals, and policymakers. They can use these experiences to program, design, and implement related interventions to reduce barriers and strengthen facilitators to the social integration of the target group.
Compensation Methods for Regulating Parameters of Switch Voltage Converters
Authors: Alexandrov V. A. , Kalashnikov S. A. , Markova L. V.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Approaches to the introduction of negative feedback in pulse control systems regulating the parameters of electricity flow with pulse-width modulation (PWM) continue to attract research attention in the field of switch power amplifiers (SPA) and switch voltage converters (SVC). Evaluation of the potential of compensation methods is of importance when selecting power electronics devices for various purposes.

Aim. To review compensation methods for parameter regulation and to investigate conditions for the operational stability of SVC with feedback on output voltage and current.

Materials and methods. The research methodology included the theory of pulsed automatic control systems, the method of harmonic linearization with stability assessment according to Nyquist criteria, and the generating filter method based on multiple frequencies.

Results. An analysis of operational stability conditions was carried out.  Analytical dependences and graphical representation of the limit feedback values from the modulation parameters and the switch transformation scheme were proposed.

Conclusion. The conducted study of the feedback depth in SVC, limited by the penetration of high-frequency components into the path of a width-modulated signal and its delay, due to the peculiarities of the terminal stage of the SPA, demonstrates that the limit value of the voltage feedback depth at typical circuit parameters does not exceed 12 dB, while the depth of the current feedback of the filter choke of the low frequencies can be fundamentally (more than 20 dB) higher. At the same time, the implementation of voltage stabilization and output current limitation modes for maintaining reliable operation in start-up and overload modes is possible only with the use of combined feedback.
Hydroacoustic Bottom Soil Profiling Device with Synthetic Aperture
Authors: Vagin A. V. , Vorotyntseva A. S.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Acoustic profiling is a conventional method for studying the geological structure of the seabed. To this end, a low-frequency acoustic profiler with an operating frequency range of 1…14 kHz can be used. However, under lower operating frequencies, the difficulty of achieving the required resolution arises. The problem of improving the angular resolution of a hydroacoustic device, particularly in the direction of the carrier movement, remains to be a priority task in the search and detection of objects on the seabed, as well as the study of the bottom soil structure. Angular resolution can be improved through several approaches, including an algorithm for synthesizing the antenna aperture based on the law of the phase change of the reflected signal. This approach is relevant in the design of highresolution hydroacoustic tools.

Aim. To demonstrate the possibility of constructing a bottom soil profiling device, as well as the possibility of increasing its angular resolution based on an algorithm for synthesizing the antenna aperture of an acoustic profiler.

Materials and methods. The study employed the groundwork data obtained for side-scan sonars with a synthetic aperture in terms of constructing an antenna device and the methods of radio-wave excitation developed for radar systems.

Results. The possibility of synthesizing the antenna aperture for an acoustic profiler of the bottom soil was studied. An algorithm for synthesizing the antenna aperture was investigated along with phase distortions of the trajectory signal and their influence on the sonar image. The fundamental principles of processing the trajectory signal were considered.

Conclusion. An approach to increasing the resolution of an acoustic profiler when performing search and survey tasks is proposed. The proposed design of the acoustic part of a profiling device can be used in the development of search and survey hydroacoustic devices with a high angular resolution.
Методологія формування предметної області модифікаційних змін у важкому транспортному літаку
Authors: Dveirin Oleksandr , Riabkov Viktor , Kapitanova Liudmyla , Kirnoson Danylo
Published: March 2023

The subject of study is the process of forming the parameters of modification changes in a heavy transport aircraft. The goal is to develop the subject area of modification changes with the help of design models. The task is  to develop models for determining the parameters of modification changes of the base aircraft based on the subject area of the modification project, namely: a model of the decomposition of modification changes of the base aircraft with the selection of parameter levels, which made it possible to apply more reliable assessment methods for different groups of parameters; a model of displaying the structure of the base aircraft in the subject area of the modification project, which uses the concepts of similarity and equivalence, it allows to highlight the necessary modification changes of the base aircraft; a temporal model of tracking efficiency changes, taking into account the time interval of creating modifications; a model for assessing the feasibility of modification changes in lower-level parameters, taking into account additional labor costs for their implementation. All this makes it possible to increase the reliability of the technical and economic justification of the modification. The methods used are following: an analytical method of defining the subject area using a system of new criteria that allow evaluating the integral characteristics of the aircraft modification for the benefit of different participants at different stages of the creation of the modification: for project developers, specific cost criteria are adopted as the ratio of all types of costs to all useful work, performed by the modification at the stage of its operation; for the stage of flight tests and production development in modifications –  the criterion for the expediency of modification changes, taking into account the labor costs for their implementation; for operating airlines – the technology of formation of flight parameters, which provide a "niche" of competitiveness of modifications and temporary tariffs for the benefit of the consumer. The obtained scientific results: allow to form subject areas of promising modifications of heavy transport aircraft, which can reasonably compete in the world markets of aircraft and air transportation. Conclusion. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: the proposed model for determining the subject area of modification changes of the base aircraft. This makes it possible to set the parameters of modification changes in the aircraft at the stage of aircraft design, and thereby ensure its competitiveness in the aircraft and air transportation markets.
On classifier performance for remote sensing images compressed by different coders
Authors: Proskura Galina , Rubel Oleksiy , Kryvenko Sergii , Lukin Vladimir
Published: March 2023

Remote sensing data are widely used in numerous applications. A conventional task solved using remote sensing images is their classification. The classification maps are commonly produced by some pre-trained classifiers applied either to uncompressed or compressed images where lossy compression is often needed and employed in practice due to the necessity to reduce data volume at stages of image transfer and storage. Then, the classification accuracy depends on the characteristics of an image, a classifier, and a coder used. The main subject of this paper is the factors that determine classification accuracy. One of them is compressed image quality. We fix the quality of compressed image quality characterized by the peak signal-to-noise ratio for several coders and rely on the same training approach. Our goal is twofold. First, we would like to consider classification accuracy for two approaches to classifier training: based on undistorted data and images with simulated distortions. Second, our desire is to compare the performance of different techniques of image compression. The task of this paper is to obtain an idea is it worth training the neural network classifier for uncompressed images or images of similar quality to the quality of compressed data to be classified. The coder’s influence on classification results is of special interest as well. The main results are the following. First, the classification accuracy is almost the same for classifiers trained for uncompressed and simulated compressed data for the general distortion model. Second, there is a certain difference in the classification results for different compression techniques studied. Lightly better classification results are observed for data produced by more sophisticated (modern) coders. Experiments have been carried out for two real-life three-channel Sentinel-2 images of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv region having different complexity. Four typical classes have been considered. As a conclusion, it is possible to state that either the general model of distortions must be modified or the classifier training should be performed for data produced by the corresponding compression technique.
Dampak Program Bantuan UMKM Pengolah dan Pemasar Hasil Perikanan Dalam Meningkatkan Produksi dan Pendapatan Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Piola Marina Paramita S. , Karim Rusdi Abdul , Ramly Rizka Yunika
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the PUMP-P2HP assistance program in Gorontalo Province, especially the impact on increasing POKLAHSAR production and income. This research uses the Approach qualitative with case study method. The results show the implementation of this program through the facilitation of capacity and institutional strengthening by socialization, training, and mentoring. In addition, POKLAHSAR received BLM funding assistance. This research is expected to be a benchmark in implementing assistance programs for MSMEs under the auspices of the Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Auditor Dan Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Audit Report Lag
Authors: Susanto Androni , Utama Audyla Fitria
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze two characteristics, namely the characteristics of the auditor which consist of, 1) The influence of the auditor's reputation on the Audit Report Lag, and 2) The effect of the auditor's tenure on the Audit Report Lag. The second characteristic is the company's characteristics which consist of, 1) The effect of the effectiveness of the audit committee on the Audit Report Lag, 2) The effect of accounting complexity on the Audit Report Lag, 3) The effect of the company's financial condition on the Audit Report Lag, 4) The influence of profitability on the Audit Report Lag. This study obtained data samples from financial reports and annual reports from 2017 to 2021 of entities listed on IPOs on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques with the help of SPSS software version 25. From the results of the study, it can be partially concluded that only the accounting complexity variable has no significant effect on the delay in audit reports.
Pengukuran Kemampuan Keuangan Daerah Dengan Rasio Share dan Growth
Authors: Rahman Zubaidah
Published: March 2023

This study aims to measure the regional financial capacity. The data was used in the form of Financial Statements obtained from the Finance Agency of North Gorontalo Regency. The analytical method used is using share and growth analysis tools. The results of the research with share analysis show that North Gorontalo Regency during the five years, 2016-2020, has a meager criterion value, meaning that North Gorontalo Regency does not yet have the financial capacity to finance all of its total expenditures and is still dependent on the Central Government. Furthermore, the study's results as measured by growth analysis showed that North Gorontalo Regency during the 2016-2020 period had a low criterion value. This means that North Gorontalo Regency has poor growth in Regional Original Income (PAD) so North Gorontalo Regency does not yet have optimal prospects for future economic growth.
DINAMIKA PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI SUB DAS TAMALATE KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO
Authors: Dunggio Iswan , Lihawa Fitriyane , Hasan Rahman
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAKSecara umum perubahan tutupan lahan dan hutan dipengaruhi oleh supply demand, seperti kondisi pertumbuhan ekonomi, peningkatan pendapatan dan adanya peningkatan konsumsi terhadap bioenergy yang naik secara bersamaan. Perubahan fungsi lahan hutan tidak saja berdampak pada kehilangan lahan-lahan produktif tetapi juga menyebabkan adanya pencemaran dan menaikkan pembiayaan fiscal pada daerah yang rusak akibat alih fungsi lahan. Degradasi lahan diperkirakan akan terus meningkat seiring dengan potensi peningkatan potensi perubahan iklim dan berpotensi terjadi dinegara maju maupun negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika perubahan tutupan hutan dan lahan  di Sub DAS Tamalate DAS Bone Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Berdasarkan hasil analisis spasial sub DAS Tamalate DAS Bone telah kehilangan 17,01 ha hutan dan berubah menjadi pertanian lahan kering. Kawasan pemukiman bertambah seluas 41,99 ha. Situasi berdampak pada makin seringnya banjir yang terjadi pada musim hujan. Deforestasi yang terjadi di sub DAS Tamalate DAS Bone disebabkan karena faktor sosial ekonomi masyarakat seperti, peningkatan permintaan jagung, peningkatan pendapatan petani dan rendahnya control para pihak terhadap lingkungan hidup.Kata Kunci : Deforestasi; Sub DAS Tamalate; DAS Bone.ABSTRACTIn general, forest and land cover changed are influenced by supply and demand such as economic growth condition, both increase income and energy consumption. Forest and land cover change have an impact both productive land and increase financing in area of damages. Land degradation probably increase with climate change in developing countries and developed countries. The aim of research is to analysis dynamics of forest and land cover change in Tamalate Sub Watershed, Bone Watershed. According result of spatial analysis, Tamalate sub watershed, Bone watershed has lost 17,01 forest cover and turned in to dryland agriculture. The residential area expanded to 41,99 ha. The situation has an impact on the more flooding that occurs during rainy season. Deforestation that occurs in Tamalate sub watershed is caused by social economic factors such as increase demand for corn, farmers income and lack of environment control.Keywords: Deforestation; Tamalate Sub Watershed Sub; Bone Watershed
КОГНІТИВНО-ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ КРИТЕРІЙ ЯК ПІДГРУНТЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНО-МОВЛЕННЄВОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ МЕНЕДЖЕРІВ
Authors: ВЛАСЕНКО Олена
Published: March 2023

Опанування професійно-мовленнєвої компетентності є однією із основних частин набуття інтегральної компетентності зі спеціальності «менеджмент». Це обумовлено важливістю професійного мовлення, яке є інструментом професійної комунікації між менеджерами всіх рівнів. Саме воно допомагає зрозуміти та усвідомити всі аспекти професії, що обговорюються в процесі фахової діяльності. Метою статті є визначення сутності когнітивно-функціонального критерію та його впливу на професійно-мовленнєву компетентність майбутніх менеджерів. За допомогою загальнонаукових теоретичних методів дослідження, аналізу і синтезу, порівняння і узагальнення, із використанням конкретизації було проаналізовано та сформовано підходи до визначення сутності когнітивно-функціонального критерію професійно-мовленнєвої компетентності майбутніх менеджерів та запропоновані основні показники для його оцінки. Когнітивно-функціональний критерій відображає процес пізнання та інтелект індивіда. Цей критерій на перше місце ставить інтелектуальні процеси, що відбуваються у свідомості особистості. Результатом цих процесів є знання, які допомагають формалізувати наявні професійні вміння у слова та словосполучення, які можуть бути зрозуміли іншим учасником професійної комунікації. Пропонуємо для оцінки когнітивно-функціонального критерію використати два показника: показник мовної обізнаності та показник засвоєння професійний категорій. Висновки. Когнітивно-функціональний критерій є основою для дослідження професійно-мовленнєвої компетентності майбутніх менеджерів. Подальший аналіз цього напрямку дозволить сформувати відповідний комплекс освітніх компонентів, які забезпечать найкраще опанування професійно-мовленнєвої компетентності, що підвищить професійний рівень абітурієнтів зі спеціальності «менеджмент».
La estructura óptima de capital y su efectividad financiera en la pequeña empresa comercializadora en México.
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara/Jalisco/México, Guzmán González Anael , Cárdenas Salazar Pascuala Josefina ,   UTEGRA Centro de Estudios Superiores /Jalisco/México, García Torales VÍctor Manuel ,   Universidad de Guadalajara/Jalisco/ México
Published: March 2023

El presente artículo se enfoca en el desempeño de la pequeña empresa comercializadora en México. El propósito de la investigación es analizar la asociación que tienen las variables relacionadas con la efectividad financiera (crecimiento en ventas, activos tangibles, tamaño, rentabilidad, riesgo de negocio y control accionario) en la estructura óptima de capital y el impacto que ejerce en el nivel de apalancamiento. Se trata de un caso de estudio elaborado mediante un método cuantitativo, con un diseño transversal y de alcance correlacional y explicativo. El planteamiento se fundamenta en la falta de estudios que evidencien la efectividad financiera de la estructura óptima de capital de las pequeñas y medianas organizaciones en nuestro país, particularmente del sector comercio. La relevancia de este trabajo es contar con resultados significativos, confiables y actuales que permitan predecir escenarios futuros para que estas empresas puedan tomar mejores decisiones financieras. Se establecieron siete supuestos para probar cuyos resultados permitieron identificar que las variables que tuvieron una mayor relación e incidencia para lograr un nivel de apalancamiento más efectivo en la empresa comercializadora fueron la rentabilidad con un impacto del 91% y el control accionario con un nivel de influencia del 77%.
Deconstructing Directness: A Critical Evaluation of the Role of Directness in the Canadian Tort of Battery
Authors: Mogyoros Alexandra
Published: March 2023

Battery is a promising cause of action for toxic tort plaintiffs. Nevertheless, there remains substantial controversy as to whether battery can only be applied in the case of direct interferences. Building on the principles of corrective justice, this article undertakes a critical exploration of the directness element in the tort of battery. The analysis begins by considering how the directness ought to be treated where the battery committed occurred via an environmental vector, such as wind or water. Then, using a series of thought experiments, the article ultimately argues that Canadian law should abolish the distinction between direct and indirect acts in battery in response to pragmatic and doctrinal considerations. 
Not Worth the Wait: Why the Long-Awaited Regulations Under the AHRA Don’t Address Egg Donor Concerns
Authors: Hammond Kathleen
Published: March 2023

The Assisted Human Reproduction Act seeks to protect egg donors’ health and well-being and prevent trade in their reproductive capabilities. In order to fulfill these objectives, the Act prohibits the buying and selling of ova, and only allows for egg donors to be reimbursed for their expenses. However, no regulations setting out what expenses can be reimbursed were promulgated. Sixteen years later, these long-awaited regulations finally came into force in June 2020. In this study, I rely on data from interviews with sixteen egg donors in order to assess how the new regulations might help or hinder concerns that egg donors have with how egg transactions are regulated in Canada. I argue that the new regulations might hinder, more than help with, addressing current concerns related to egg transactions in Canada. The most likely result is that they will not change the current state of affairs. 

 La loi sur la procréation assistée vise à protéger la santé et le bien-être des donneuses d’ovules et à empêcher le commerce de leurs capacités reproductives. Afin d’atteindre ces objectifs, la loi interdit l’achat et la vente d’ovules et permet uniquement aux donneuses d’ovules de se faire rembourser leurs dépenses. Toutefois, aucune réglementation précisant les dépenses pouvant être remboursées n’avait été officiellement promulguée. Seize ans plus tard, ces réglementations tant attendues sont finalement entrées en vigueur en juin 2020. Dans cette étude, je m’appuie sur des données issues d’entretiens avec seize donneuses d’ovules afin d’évaluer comment la nouvelle réglementation pourrait aider ou entraver les préoccupations des donneuses d’ovules concernant la façon dont les transactions sont réglementées au Canada. Je soutiens que les nouvelles réglementations pourraient empêcher de répondre aux préoccupations actuelles liées aux transactions d’ovules au Canada, plutôt qu’aider à trouver une solution. Le résultat le plus probable de ces réglementations est qu’ils ne changeront pas l’état actuel des choses. 
Assisted Human Reproduction Act (2004)
Authors: Hammond Kathleen
Published: March 2023

[First paragraph]: "The Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHR Act) is a piece of federal legislation passed by the Parliament of Canada. The Act came into force on 29 March 2004. Many sections of the Act were struck down following a 2010 Supreme Court of Canada ruling on its constitutionality. The AHR Act sets a legislative and regulatory framework for the use of reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization and related services including surrogacy and gamete donation. The Act also regulates research in Canada involving in vitro embryos. The AHR Act was the first law in Canada to regulate the use of reproductive technologies and related research. Most other Canadian policies on AHR rely on the Act and its provisions. By 2015, Canada was one of only a few countries worldwide to comprehensively address assisted human reproduction through policy." 
Shouldn’t the bench be a mirror? The diversity of the Canadian judiciary
Authors: Levin Avner , Alkoby Asher
Published: March 2023

This paper assesses the diversity of the judiciary in Canada’s most diverse urban centres of Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal, and it measures the gap between the demographic composition of the judiciary and the population that it serves. The paper then considers the factors that contribute to and perpetuate the homogeneity of Canadian courts, and it addresses the arguments that an identity-conscious appointment process could compromise meritocracy, or that it would challenge the presumed objectivity of judicial decision-making. We argue that reliable public data on the composition of the bench and a clear government vision and strategy are crucial for the administration of justice in Canadian courts.

 
Dignity in the Workplace: An Enquiry into the Conceptual Foundation of Workplace Privacy Protection Worldwide
Authors: Levin Avner
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the concept of dignity as a basis for privacy in the workplace. I first discuss dignity and its implications for the idea of privacy. Dignity has been offered (in North America) and largely already exists (in Europe) as a conceptual foundation for the employment relationship in general. The dignity of workers is therefore be the topic of the second section of this paper. The third section shamelessly capitalizes on excellent comparative work already done on workplace privacy protection and its conceptual foundation across many jurisdictions worldwide. I conclude whether, on the basis of the comparative work done, dignity is a concept that illuminates workplace privacy, and if so, to what extent.
Has the Era of Privacy Come to an End?
Authors: Levin Avner
Published: March 2023

This keynote address to the 2016 McGill Law Graduate Conference provides a brief history of privacy before discussing contemporary challenges in the form of increasing technological ability to create, store and process personal information, and powerful advocacy against privacy from both government and the private sector. In order for privacy to survive, a new set of personal information protection principles is required and new ways of enforcing these principles must be developed, which will leverage the power of technology to develop hybrid regulatory/ technological solutions, such as Google’s content removal tool.

 
Quantum Physics in Private Law
Authors: Levin Avner
Published: March 2023

Izhak Englard argues that Ernest Weinrib's idea of coherence in private law, based solely on corrective justice, must be modified to include distributive justice in order to better fit legal practice. Englard proposes complementarity, a framework accommodating mutually exclusive scientific concepts, as a basis for private law's coherence, based on an analogy between the concepts of light and justice. This analogy is insufficient as an epistemological basis common to science and law upon which complementarity can be applied as Englard suggests. Despite Englard's failure complementarity may yet be applicable to law, based on an epistemological "problem of observation" that science and law share.
The Problem of Observation
Authors: Levin Avner
Published: March 2023

An investigation of how law and science are similar. Against the background of proliferation of inquiries into the law of various aspects of science and technology it is worth noting that law and science share not only some interesting superficial analogies but also a deeper, common epistemological basis. More accurately, there are epistemological limits placed on both law and physics that are in all important respects similar. These limits on the 'quality' of knowledge imposed on both physicists and lawyers are known as a Problem of Observation existing in the disciplines of physics and law.
Cyberbullying at Work: In Search of Effective Guidance
Authors: West Tina , Foster Mary , Levin Avner , Edmison Jocelyn , Robibero Daniela
Published: March 2023

With rapid technological change has come a blurring of boundaries between personal and workplace space. Employers are challenged to develop guidelines and policies to direct the appropriate use of technology to maintain a civil workplace. Because of the lack of shared understanding, or even terminology, around the issue of cyberbullying, employers are seeking a response from lawmakers to assist with this issue. Lawmakers are reluctant to develop legislation prematurely, given the rapid change in the capabilities of technology, the diverse social norms about its use, and the uncertainty of the role and responsibility of employers in minimizing cyberbullying and facilitating a civil workplace environment. This Canadian study seeks insight into these emerging issues through in-depth interviews with human resource professionals representing diverse business and industry sectors.
It Shouldn’t be Small Potatoes: The Future of Civil Damage Awards under Canada’s Personal Information Protection Legislation. Part Two: Inadequate PIPEDA Damages and the Way Forward
Authors: O'Byrne Shannon , Levin Avner
Published: March 2023

This is the second part of a two-part article. The first part can be found at 52 Adv Q 427 (2022).

The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Document Act (PIPEDA) is well known as federal legislation governing the protection of personal information in the private sector. This article, published over two parts, focusses on a lesser explored but particularly concerning aspect of PIPEDA, namely the low damage awards (averaging between $3,000 to $5,000) granted by courts to applicants who establish a breach of the Act and the low number of actual applications (24 applications in 20 years). Chronically low monetary awards threaten PIPEDA’s legislative objective of recognizing the individual’s right of privacy in their personal information. As the low number of applications reflect, when it makes no economic sense to do so, otherwise deserving complainants will be discouraged from seeking damages or simply driven to pursue solutions such as class actions. PIPEDA’s damage provision thereby stands to wither away from disuse.

This article offers a three-fold solution to insufficient quantum and is inspired more generally by the functional approach to monetary damages presented by Justice Cromwell in an Isaac Pitblado lecture. First, damage quanta under PIPEDA must more rigorously reflect the status of personal information protection legislation, including its constitutional overlay and link to what have been termed “dignitary” torts such as the common law privacy torts and defamation. Second, courts should measure quantum based on insights from torts closely related to breach of privacy under PIPEDA which reflect a higher quantum. Third, courts must firmly reject the Federal Court’s 2010 decision in Randall v Nubody’s Fitness Centres which held that damages under PIPEDA are only recoverable in “the most egregious situations.” Egregiousness is not an ingredient required by the Act and wrongly reduces its scope. 
Some Reflections of a Métis Law Student and Assistant Professor on Indigenous Legal Education in Canada
Authors: Franks Scott
Published: March 2023

This Article is a reflection on some of my experiences as a Métis law student and assistant professor on the subject of Indigenous legal education in Canada. I introduce myself and what brought me to law school and describe some of my experiences as a law student, as a co-president of an Indigenous Students Association, and as a student organizer for an Indigenous law camp. I argue that a significant barrier to Indigenization and decolonization of Canadian legal education is the perseverance of an ideology rooted in settler colonialism and an individual affective commitment to its future, which is facilitated by racism. The existence and nature of this barrier is highlighted through an exploratory discussion of some of the experiences that are commonly shared by Indigenous law students and professors. I describe my approach to Indigenous legal education at the Lincoln Alexander School of Law (“Lincoln Alexander”) at X University in Toronto, Ontario, as one way to work towards facilitating efforts towards Indigenization and decolonization.

Although the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Final Report and Calls to Action (“Calls”) have significantly impacted Indigenization activities in Canadian legal education, choices to be made about how the Calls are to be implemented are not self-evident. Thus, as an assistant professor at Lincoln Alexander School of Law, I am now trying to decide how to do this work. I propose a pedagogy based on the deconstruction or critique of settler colonial and racial hierarchies embedded in the rule of law through critical methodologies. This deconstruction is necessary before we can effectively teach students about Indigenous legal orders. When we do teach Indigenous legal orders, we should consider teaching those orders in stand-alone courses or focusing on Indigenous legal methodologies in our courses. Finally, I briefly discuss a proposal for integrating Indigenous legal issues and perspectives in the curriculum.  
Towards Implementing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action in Law Schools: A Settler Harm Reduction Approach to Racial Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Indigenous Peoples and Indigenous Legal Orders in Canadian Legal Education
Authors: Franks Scott
Published: March 2023

Many Canadian law schools are in the process of implementing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Call to Actions #28 and #50. Promising initiatives include mandatory courses, Indigenous cultural competency, and Indigenous law intensives. However, processes of social categorization and racialization subordinate Indigenous peoples and their legal orders in Canadian legal education. These processes present a barrier to the implementation of the Calls. To ethically and respectfully implement these Calls, faculty and administration must reduce racial stereotyping and prejudice against Indigenous peoples and Indigenous legal orders in legal education. I propose that social psychology on racial prejudice and stereotyping may offer nonIndigenous faculty and administration a familiar framework to reduce the harm caused by settler beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors to Indigenous students, professors, and staff, and to Indigenous legal orders. Although social psychology may offer a starting point for settler harm reduction, its application must remain critically oriented towards decolonization. 
Revisiting Jury Instructions on Racial Prejudice Towards Indigenous Peoples in Criminal Jury Trials
Authors: Franks Scott
Published: March 2023

This article examines the Supreme Court of Canada’s assumptions in Barton and Chouhan on racial bias in Canadian criminal jury trials. Jury research offers important insights related to the differential impact of jury instructions for racialized and Indigenous persons, and for accused and victims. If jurors cannot understand jury instructions, or if jury instructions, or victim or defendant race, do not predict sentencing or conviction outcomes, then we might have little confidence in reducing anti-Indigenous prejudice through jury instructions. Worse yet, if jury instructions prime, rather than suppress, prejudicial reasoning, then we may want to entirely rethink the use of specialized instructions for this purpose; our reforms might instead focus on jury diversification. I argue that the Canadian jury research casts doubt on the Supreme Court of Canada’s jurisprudence on a juror’s capacity to control racial bias against Indigenous persons in criminal trials.