bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestión y control de las actividades gerontológicas en los asilos para ancianos en la provincia de Pichincha utilizando tecnologías Web
Authors: De la Rosa Martín Tonysé
Published: March 2024

The asylums for the elderly of the City of Quito constitute homes for the elderly of the province of Pichincha, they provide hospital care, food, medicine and clothing. These asylums seek quality computer support, with the aim of modernizing the Administration processes. In order to provide this support, a computer application developed from free technologies was created to handle control of employees, the elderly, items (clothing, medicine, food), food menus, ordering of items and deliveries. For the choice of the system development methodology, an investigation was carried out with the most important methodologies, extracting the characteristics of each one of them, and the optimal one for the project was the XP methodology obtaining the expected results.
Algunas reflexiones en torno al impacto social del desarrollo científico-tecnológico en la enseñanza del inglés en la universidad cubana actual
Authors: Maya Rosell Yaneidys
Published: March 2024

The progress of scientific-technical progress constitutes one of the most influential factors in contemporary society, its proper use contributes to the development of learning systems in accordance with the educational needs of learners, since education, by its very essence, constitutes a social process. In this context, inescapable projects integrate the English language as an instrument of communication, as well as the appropriate use of technologies such as access and information processing. This work aims to assess the social impact of scientific-technological development in teaching English at the current Cuban university.
Las entidades del gobierno municipal en la actividad educativa de la Secundaria Básica: bases para un proyecto
Authors: Moya Ríos Daylín , Torres Zerquera Leticia del Carmen , López Rodríguez del Rey María Magdalena
Published: March 2024

Beyond considering the educational process as a professional activity of a systematized and grounded nature carried out by the school, the fundamental characteristic of Cuban Pedagogy in relation to this subject is found in the interrelation between the main actors who participate in it, especially those whose influences can become an opportunity to expand and enrich the possibilities of carrying out educational projects and strategies. This paper presents the reflections and proposals that emerge as responses to the claims of the municipal government and the Directorate of Education in the municipality of Cienfuegos, by calling on entities and socio-productive companies and services in the territory to collaborate with the education of adolescents and contribute with this, to confirm the commitment to make education the battle trench for the continuity of the principles of education as a social responsibility. The work includes the methodological procedure with a strategic approach that was prepared by the municipal Communal entity of Cienfuegos, based on a study of the potential that they have to promote and stimulate the comprehensive education of adolescents who are trained in the Basic Secondary School.
Descongestión del sistema judicial en Ecuador. Método alternativo de solución de conflictos en la mediación en primera instancia en materia laboral
Authors: Amaya López Carlos , Juanes Giraud Blas Yoel
Published: March 2024

The research article has been carried out through an exhaustive search of the legal and doctrinal aspects that comprise the resolution of conflicts and especially of individual work, mediation in terms of its direct application to different situations, types of mediation, its characteristics, advantages, stages, labor mediation, characteristics; labor law, labor disputes, types of labor disputes, approaches to conflict resolution, conflict phases and their forms of resolution. In this sense, it should be noted that labor mediation when referring to collective disputes is mandatory, not so for individual labor disputes, since the obligation to submit them to labor mediation prior to initiating is not contemplated in the Labor Code. the process through the courts, hence the importance of proposing a proposal aimed at providing an efficient and effective solution to this problem. By resorting to alternative dispute resolution methods, specifically labor mediation, all those involved in a conflict benefit, that is, a winner-winner situation occurs.
Proceso de evaluación de la competencia clínica en la certificación de especialistas en medicina familiar a través de un ECOE en línea
Authors: Fernández-Ortega Miguel A. , Hernández-Martínez Minerva P. , Portillo García Zitlalli , López Salas Sara , Pons Álvarez Octavio Noel , Figueroa Chavira Ana R. , Avilés Sánchez María Emiliana , Ovando Diego Liliana , Bailón Ramos Marco A. , Palacios Hernández Alejandra , Tecuanhuey Tlahuel Héctor , López Lozano Miguel , Huerta González José L. , Domínguez del Olmo Javier A. , Mazón Ramírez Juan J.
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Realizar la fase práctica del Examen de Certificación de Medicina Familiar a 860 aspirantes en México a través de un Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado (ECOE) en línea. Métodos: El ECOE en línea se efectuó del mes de enero de 2022 a julio de 2023. Para el desarrollo de esta estrategia de evaluación fue necesario implementar tareas en los siguientes procesos: I. Desarrollo de la rúbrica y diseño de estaciones; 2. Capacitación de los académicos, evaluadores (sinodales), sustentantes, pacientes estandarizados y personal de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación; 3. Infraestructura, tecnología y convocatoria de registro. Resultados y Conclusiones. El ECOE en línea es una alternativa viable para evaluar las competencias profesionales de los especialistas que se certifican por los Consejos de Certificación. Es útil en escenarios remotos, sobre todo en los que presenta la dispersión geográfica de México. Es factible aplicarlo a un alto número de sustentantes, reduce la movilidad de los evaluados y los costos de bolsillo que tienen que realizar derivados de su transportación.
Detección temprana de retinopatía diabética: experiencia en una unidad de medicina familiar de Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas, México
Authors: Carrillo Aguiar Liliana Aurora , Guzmán Sáenz Karla Josefina , González Pérez Brian , Salas Flores Ricardo , Álvarez Rodríguez Carmen Karina , Romero Zúñiga José Luis
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia de daño retinal en pacientes con DM tipo 2 de reciente diagnóstico, así como su referencia oportuna. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo y transversal en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar N°77 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social de Ciudad Madero Tamaulipas, México. Incluyó 63 pacientes con DM2 tipo 2 de reciente diagnóstico (<6 meses) que registraron cambios en retina y que fueron referidos a la consulta externa de oftalmología, en una muestra no probabilística. Se firmó carta de consentimiento informado. Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 63 pacientes, la frecuencia de daño retinal encontrada fue 28.6%. Al 36.5% de los pacientes se les realizó oftalmoscopía directa, la referencia oportuna fue 28.5%. La contra-referencia reveló la siguiente distribución de la Retinopatía Diabética RD: Retinopatía no proliferativa (RNP) leve en el 3.2%, RNP moderada en el 3.2%, RNP severa en un caso (1.6%), mientras que la Retinopatía Proliferativa se observó en el 3.2% de la población. Conclusiones: Los exámenes regulares en los pacientes con DM2 tipo 2 de reciente diagnóstico son efectivos para la detección y monitoreo de la RD asintomática. Nuestros datos sugieren que la detección de la RD debe realizarse al momento del diagnóstico de DM2 tipo 2 y anualmente o cada dos años a partir del diagnóstico.
The role of family tolerance in reducing domestic violence
Authors: Yaser Alali
Published: March 2024

Despite the great social change in societies in the field of human rights and combating violence within the family, the phenomenon of domestic violence is a disturbing phenomenon that continues to afflict local and global communities. This study sought to identify the role of good social values in the reduction and reduction of domestic violence, specifically in the event of widespread tolerance among individuals. Using the social survey of a random eye of 30 cases. The findings found that increasing the level of tolerance and respect between spouses could contribute to reducing cases of domestic violence. The results also indicated that there were no differences between females and males in the relationship of tolerance and violence. The study recommended further research on the role of social values in reducing domestic violence using different methods and in different societies.
على الرغم من التغير الاجتماعي الكبير الذي تشهده المجتمعات في مجال حقوق الإنسان ومكافحة العنف داخل الأسرة، إلا أن ظاهرة العنف الأسري تعتبر ظاهرة مقلقة لا تزال تصيب المجتمعات المحلية والعالمية. سعت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور القيم الاجتماعية الحميدة في التخلص من العنف الأسري والحد منه، وتحديداً في حالة انتشار التسامح بين الأفراد. استخدام المسح الاجتماعي للعين العشوائية لـ 30 حالة. وتوصلت النتائج إلى أن زيادة مستوى التسامح والاحترام بين الزوجين يمكن أن يسهم في تقليل حالات العنف الأسري. كما أشارت النتائج إلى عدم وجود فروق بين الإناث والذكور في علاقة التسامح والعنف. وأوصت الدراسة بإجراء المزيد من البحث حول دور القيم الاجتماعية في الحد من العنف الأسري باستخدام أساليب مختلفة وفي مجتمعات مختلفة.
Evaluation of Students' Achievement in the Development of Innovative Learning Tools for PPG Computer Engineering and Informatics Students Using the Rasch Model
Authors: Manggopa Hiskia , Batmetan Johan Reimon
Published: March 2024

This research aims to measure students' performance from the Teacher Professional Education Program (PPG) in Category 1 Batch 2 Computer and Informatics Engineering at Manado State University in 2023 using the Rasch Model. The Rasch Model was chosen as a measurement method because it can provide a more accurate picture of individual student abilities, as well as identify the level of difficulty and differentiating power of each evaluation item. The research method involves collecting student performance data through various evaluation instruments, such as written exams, projects, and practical assignments. The collected data is then analyzed using the Rasch Model to evaluate the quality of the measurements and understand the extent to which the evaluation instrument can describe students' true abilities. The research results are expected to provide in-depth insight into the abilities of PPG students in Category 1 Batch 2 Computer Engineering and Informatics, as well as provide recommendations for improvements to the evaluation instruments used. Applying the Rasch Model in measuring student performance is expected to increase objectivity and accuracy in assessing students' abilities, which in turn can support improving the quality of education at Manado State University.
ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISME UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA TENTANG PANCASILA
Authors: Pradana Hirnanda Dimas Pradana , Widyasari Riztika Widyasari
Published: March 2024

Penelitian survey ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman mahasiswa tentang penerapan nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam kehidupan berbangsa. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa angkatan 2022/2023 dari seluruh mahasiswa aktif. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket dan dianalisis dengan teknik persentase. Hasil penelitian ini secara umum yakni mahasiswa belum sepenuhnya memahami implementasi nilai-nilai Pancasia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Secara khusus, didapatkan hasil bahwa mahasiswa tahun angkatan 2022 rata-rata pemahaman Pancasila yang diwujudkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari rata-rata 76, 19% dengan predikat C (Cukup Baik). Pemahaman tertinggi mahasiswa ada pada konsep Pancasila dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan persentase 100%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa secara konseptual memahami bahwa Pancasila sangat penting untuk dijadikan landasan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Sementara itu, pemahaman terendah mahasiswa adalah angket nomor 30 mengenai kegiatan kemanusiaan untuk memberikan yang terbaik untuk orang lain mendapat dukungan dari 3 kelas atau 100%. Secara umum, pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap nilai-nilai Pancasila, baik secara konseptual maupun implementatif perlu ditingkatkan, khususnya dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk kepentingan bersama.
A influência dos centros de explicações: sistema social de educação não superior de Macau em tempos de crise pandémica de covid-19
Authors: Pablo Alberto
Published: March 2024

Este artigo procura contribuir para estudar a proliferação em Macau, nos últimos anos, da chamada “educação-sombra” no sistema educativo não superior, e a sua singular reação à crise pandémica de covid-19. Trata-se de uma indústria reunindo hoje 558 empresas com alvará legal para 77 escolas que, incluindo apenas 10 públicas, recebem cerca de 75.000 alunos, dos quais 96% a frequentar instituições privadas. A nossa investigação, apoiada num inquérito distribuído entre 90 alunos residentes permanentes de Macau que frequentaram “centros de explicação”, destaca a grande expansão da “educação-sombra” enquanto fenómeno social ligado, duplamente, às disfunções da escola e à estrutura do mercado de trabalho da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau (RAEM). Este estudo permite ainda concluir que, apesar da sua difusão à escala global, a multiplicação de espaços de explicação é sobretudo um processo de localização, como se consegue comprovar pela sua especial capacidade de continuar a prosperar apesar dos devastadores efeitos da pandemia na economia de Macau, em especial entre pequenas e médias empresas dependentes do turismo e nos setores mais expostos à globalização.
Mães e pais com filhos não residentes: núcleos familiares e percursos conjugais e parentais
Authors: Marinho Sofia
Published: March 2024

Com base em dados do Inquérito à Fecundidade, 2019, pretendeu-se caraterizar e comparar os percursos parentais e conjugais dos pais e das mães com filhos não residentes menores de 18 anos, assim como compreender se as inter-relações entre estes elementos das suas biografias formam diferentes perfis de parentalidade não residente. A análise bivariada mostrou que os percursos e os núcleos familiares das mães e dos pais são diversos, distintos e, ao mesmo tempo, semelhantes entre si. A análise de correspondência múltiplas revelou três perfis de parentalidade não residente: o dos coabitantes, o dos que não viveram em conjugalidade e o dos casados.
Two arithmetic functions related to Euler's and Dedekind's functions
Authors:   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Atanassov Krassimir
Published: March 2024

Two new arithmetic functions are introduced. In some sense, they are modifications of Euler's and Dedekind's functions. Some properties of the new functions are studied.
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ITLN1 gene with ischemic stroke risk in Xi’an population, Shaanxi province
Authors: Shi Wenzhen , Zhang Qi , Lu Ying , Liu Jie , Ma Xiaojuan , Xie Zhen , Zhang Gejuan , Chang Mingze , Tian Ye
Published: March 2024

Background

Ischemic stroke (IS) is the main cause of death and adult disability. However, the pathogenesis of this complicated disease is unknown. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between ITLN1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the susceptibility to IS in Xi’an population, Shaanxi province.

Methods

In this study, we designed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers located at −3,308 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site within promoter region of the ITLN1 gene. The target fragment was amplified by PCR and identified by agarose gel electrophoresis. Sanger sequencing was then performed in the samples extracted from a cohort comprising 1,272 participants (636 controls and 636 cases), and the obtained sequences were compared with the reference sequences available on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website to detect SNPs in the ITLN1 gene promoter region. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between ITLN1 polymorphisms and IS risk, with adjustments for age and gender. Significant positive results were tested by false-positive report probability (FPRP) and false discovery rate (FDR). The interaction among noteworthy SNPs and their predictive relationship with IS risk were explored using the Multi-Factor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) software.

Results

The results of Sanger sequencing were compared with the reference sequences on the NCBI website, and we found 14 SNPs in ITLN1 gene promoter satisfied Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Logistic regression analysis showed that ITLN1 was associated with a decreased risk of IS (rs6427553: Homozygous C/C: adjusted OR: 0.69, 95% CI [0.48–0.97]; Log-additive: adjusted OR: 0.83, 95% CI [0.70–0.98]; rs7411035: Homozygous G/G: adjusted OR: 0.66, 95% CI [0.47–0.94]; Dominant G/T-G/G: adjusted OR: 0.78, 95% CI [0.62–0.98]; Log-additive: adjusted OR: 0.81, 95% CI [0.69–0.96]; rs4656958: Heterozygous G/A: adjusted OR: 0.74, 95% CI [0.59–0.94]; Homozygous A/A: adjusted OR: 0.51, 95% CI [0.31–0.84]; Dominant G/A-A/A: adjusted OR: 0.71, 95% CI [0.57–0.89]; Recessive A/A: adjusted OR: 0.59, 95% CI [0.36–0.96]; Log-additive: adjusted OR: 0.73, 95% CI [0.61–0.88]), especially in people aged less than 60 years and males.

Conclusions

In short, our study revealed a correlation between ITLN1 variants (rs6427553, rs7411035 and rs4656958) and IS risk in Xi’an population, Shaanxi province, laying a foundation for ITLN1 gene as a potential biomarker for predicting susceptibility to IS.
Direcciones que ya no existen: análisis de un habitar residencial en Santiago a través de la traducción de evidencias desde la investigación artística
Authors:   , Illanes Carolina
Published: March 2024

Esta investigación artística se centra en dar cuenta del habitar en un sector residencial de la comuna de Ñuñoa, en Santiago de Chile, a través de la traducción de evidencias desde lenguajes y medios de las artes visuales. El estudio se centra así en los rastros que quedaron de cinco casas que fueron demolidas después del año 2012, construcciones que alcanzaron a ser registradas por el servidor Google Street View antes de su demolición. Las evidencias consisten en documentos, proyecciones arquitectónicas e imágenes contenidas principalmente en los expedientes municipales de la vivienda, archivo que comprende una suerte de hoja de vida de un inmueble, único registro que ha quedado de aquellas construcciones que fueron derribadas sin dejar rastro en el espacio de la ciudad. El sector de estudio se emplaza en el barrio en el que he estado domiciliada gran parte de mi vida, y el cual se encuentra actualmente en un proceso de gentrificación. Las evidencias, único indicio de estas transformaciones, son convertidas en piezas y dispositivos gráficos, objetuales y espaciales, que buscan versionar distintos aspectos de un habitar dinámico y transitorio. La traducción de evidencias busca entonces dar cuerpo a las huellas, versionándolas en distintas narrativas espaciales e indiciales, que ponen en escena un archivo que se pueda habitar en primera persona. Bajo este marco, esta investigación propone una metodología alternativa, a través de la práctica artística, que busca inferir y materializar el espacio social contenido en las trazas de un habitar ya inexistente.
Teachers' Views on Distance Education Applications: Scale Study
Authors: ÖZKUL Ramazan , KIRNIK Dilek , DÖNÜK Oktay , ALTUNHAN Yusuf , ALTUNKAYNAK Yahya
Published: March 2024

Eğitim alanında öğretmenlerin teknolojiyi takip etmesi, kişisel ve mesleki gelişimlerinde uzaktan eğitim araçlarını etkin kullanması önemli görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarına ilişkin görüşlerini
belirlemek için ölçek geliştirme çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Madde belirleme aşamasında alan uzmanı olan 1 öğretim üyesinden ve 3 uzmandan görüş alınmıştır. 26 maddeden oluşan madde havuzu ile ön uygulama yapılmıştır. Araştırma için
28/08/2020-E.55315 tarih ve sayı ile İnönü Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulundan gerekli izin alınmıştır. Ölçek maddeleri, 5’ li likert tipindedir ve katılımcıların maddelere katılma dereceleri sınıflandırılmıştır.
Özel olarak geliştirilen uzaktan eğitim değerlendirme ölçeği, 600 öğretmen ve okul yöneticisine uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın yapı geçerliği, kapsam geçerliği, madde-toplam korelasyon katsayısı, Cronbach Alpha katsayısı, test-tekrar
test korelasyon katsayısı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda uzaktan eğitim değerlendirme ölçeği, 15 madde ve iki boyuttan oluşmuştur. Boyutların madde-toplam korelasyon katsayıları “.55” ile “.87” arasında, iç tutarlık
(Cronbach Alpha) katsayısı ise “.96” ile “.89” arasında değer almaktadır. Uzaktan Eğitim Değerlendirme Ölçeği (UEDÖ) ile öğretmen ve okul yöneticilerinin katıldıkları veya düzenledikleri eğitimlerin değerlendirilmesine yönelik
geliştirilmiş olup, bu ölçeğin uzaktan eğitimlerin değerlendirilmesinde geçerlik ve güvenirlik düzeylerinin yeterli olduğu ifade edilebilir. Öğretmen ve okul yöneticilerinin uzaktan eğitim sürecinde katıldıkları veya düzenledikleri
eğitimlerin değerlendirilmesi ve bu kapsamda araştırmaların yapılması eğitimini niteliği noktasında alan yazına katkı sağlayacaktır.
Role of CRISPR in Crop Improvement: A Review
Authors: Raza Hassan , Abdullah Muhammad Ashar , Khaliq Samar , Sajjad Muhammad Haider , Elahi Mehboob , Khan Muhammad Raffay , Siddique Abdullah
Published: March 2024

The meals and agriculture sectors have witnessed good sized advancements due to the state-of-the-art improvements in agricultural biotechnology and genetic engineering, that have more advantageous the essential characteristics of plant agronomic tendencies. A extensively used technique for inducing focused deletions, insertions, and precise sequence adjustments throughout numerous species and mobile kinds is collection-particular nucleases (SSNs)-based centered genome editing. Commercial adoption of genome modifying gear, which include zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and siRNA-mediated RNA interference, has been significant. However, the whole landscape of lifestyles sciences underwent a paradigm shift with the invention of the CRISPR/Cas9 machine as a flexible tool for genome modifying. Initially recognized as a virological defense DNA segment in bacteria and archaea, the clustered Regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) machine has revolutionized molecular biology. Through modern molecular organic strategies, CRISPR/Cas9 enables unique modifications in any crop species. Its efficacy, reproducibility, and specificity have earned CRISPR/Cas9 the moniker of a "leap forward" in biotechnology.
Vaginal bleeding patterns — the problem and an example data set
Authors: Machin David , D'arcangues Catherine , Busca Barbara , Farley Timothy M. M. , Pinol Alain
Published: June 2007

Data concerning the vaginal bleeding patterns of women using different forms of fertility regulation are presented. The data were collected in the form of diaries which were completed by the women themselves by recording the presence or absence of vaginal bleeding on a daily basis. The object of the paper is to invite suggestions for suitable methods of presentation and analysis of such data so that the results of studies on methods of fertility regulation can be better summarized and interpreted.
An imperfect maintenance model with block replacements
Authors: Abdel‐Hameed Mohamed
Published: June 2007

We consider a model in which when a device fails it is either repaired to its condition prior to failure or replaced. Moreover, the device is replaced at times kT, k = 1, 2, … The decision to repair or replace the device at failure depends on the age of the device at failure. We find the optimal block time, T0, that minimizes the long‐run average cost of maintenance per unit time. Our results are shown to extend many of the well known results for block replacement policies.
Block seriation problems: A unified approach. Reply to the problem of H. Garcia and J. M. Proth (Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis, 1, (1), 25–34 (1985))
Authors: Marcotorchino F.
Published: June 2007

In their article, entitled ‘Group technology in production management, the short horizon planning level’, H. Garcia and J. M. Proth have stated the following problem: starting from a (0, 1) binary matrix of size (N x M), how to divide into independent subsets the rows of this matrix simultaneously with a one‐to‐one corresponding partition of the columns, maximizing the presence of 1s in the intersecting blocks with a joint minimization of the presence of 0s outside of these blocks.

The authors have proposed an efficient and very fast heuristic algorithm in comparison with the existing methods of a fast‐growing literature on the subject. The only drawback of this algorithm is its dependence on the initial partition. In this paper, we try to improve this algorithm slightly, first in rewriting the objective function in a linear form and secondly in giving computational improvements related to this linear formulation.
A data analysis of residential demand for natural gas using step‐down multiple comparison tests
Authors: Herbert John H.
Published: June 2007

Multiple comparison tests are not ordinarily employed in econometric analysis. An example of the application of a step‐down approach to a much studied problem is set forth. Comments on the estimated results and on the relevance of these tests to the present and other economic analyses are also presented. The application of the multiple comparison tests aids in the identification of a relatively simple regression equation of residential natural gas demand.
Use of the multinomial jack‐knife and bootstrap in generalized non‐linear canonical correlation analysis
Authors: van der Burg Eeke , de Leeuw Jan
Published: June 2007

In this paper we discuss the estimation of mean and standard errors of the eigenvalues and category quantifications in generalized non‐linear canonical correlation analysis (OVERALS). Starting points are the delta method equations, but the jack‐knife and bootstrap are used to provide finite difference approximations to the derivatives.
Constrained estimation: Consistency and asymptotics
Authors: Wets Roger J.‐B.
Published: June 2007

We review some of the recent results obtained for constrained estimation, involving possibly non‐differentiable criterion functions. New tools are required to push consistency and asymptotic results beyond those that can be reached by classical means.
Fluorierungen organischer Verbindungen mit Chlortrifluorid, IV. Zur Umsetzung von Chloroform und 1.1‐Difluor‐1.2.2‐trichloräthan (F 122) mit Chlor oder Chlortrifluorid in der Gasphase
Authors: Cornils Boy , Eckermann Reiner , Schiemann Günther
Published: June 2007

Chloroform und 1.1‐Difluor‐1.2.2‐trichlor‐äthan (F 122)

F 122 (= Frigen 122) als Kurzbezeichnung entspr. Frigen, Freon, Kaltron u. ä. Handelsbezeichnungen®.

wurden zwischen 100 und 270° mit ClF3 und zum Vergleich mit elementarem Chlor in der Gasphase umgesetzt. Chloroform reagierte sowohl mit Cl2 als auch mit ClF3 leichter als F 122. Bei der Halogenierung von F 122 macht sich der stabilisierende Einfluß von Halogenatomen in α‐Stellung zum substituierbaren H‐Atom bemerkbar. Chloroform wird durch ClF3 lediglich fluoriert. Bei der H‐Substitution von F 122 betrug das Verhältnis Cl: F der aus dem ClF3 stammenden Halogene in den Reaktionsprodukten etwa 1 : 1, so daß der Rest des Fluors als HF verlorenging. Dies gilt bei vielen organischen Verbindungen für die Halogenierung mit ClF3.
N‐Isogramin und einige verwandte N‐Mannich‐Basen des Indols
Authors: Swaminathan Sambasiva , Narasimhan Krishnaiyer
Published: June 2007

N‐Isogramin (N‐Dimethylaminomethyl‐indol) und drei weitere verwandte N‐Mannich‐Basen des Indols wurden neben relativ wenig 3‐Dialkylaminomethyl‐ und 1.3‐Bis‐dialkylamino‐methyl‐indolen durch Mannich‐Reaktion in Abwesenheit von Essigsäure gewonnen. N‐Isogramin isomerisiert unter verschiedenen Bedingungen zu Gramin. Versuche, N‐substituierte Indole durch normale Alkylierung von 2‐Methyl‐cyclohexandion‐(1.3) oder Acetamino‐malonsäure‐diäthylester mit N‐Isogramin oder dessen Methosulfat zu gewinnen, erbrachten statt dessen die isomeren 3‐substituierten Indole.
Alkali‐Phosphorverbindungen und ihr reaktives Verhalten, XL. Reaktion der Alkaliphosphide mit Bis‐[α‐chlor‐benzyliden]‐hydrazin
Authors: Issleib Kurt , Balszuweit Arno
Published: June 2007

P‐Substituierte Alkaliphosphide MePR2 und Me2PR reagieren mit Bis‐[α‐chlor‐benzyliden]‐hydrazin zu Bis‐[α‐phosphino‐benzyliden]‐hydrazinen C6H5(R2P)CNNC(PR2)C6H5 (RC6H5, c‐C6H11) und zu 1.2.5‐Triphenyl‐1.3.4‐phosphadiazol. Letzteres entsteht auch aus C6H5(K)PP(K)C6H5 infolge einer Disproportionierungsreaktion. Als Folge eines Redoxvorganges entstehen außerdem Benzonitril und Tetraorgano‐biphosphine bzw. Cyclo‐phosphine. Die dargestellten Phosphorverbindungen besitzen unterschiedliches Reaktionsverhalten gegenüber Schwefel und Wasser. Ihre IR‐Spektren werden diskutiert.
Über die SiS‐Bindung, II. Eine neue Thiolestersynthese
Authors: Rimpler Manfred
Published: June 2007

Trimethylsilylmercapto‐carbonsäureester

Der Trimethylsilylrest wird als silylgruppe bezeichnet.

setzen sich mit Säurechloriden zu S‐acylierten Produkten um. Die Esterbindung bleibt unverändert, läßt sich aber anschließend im Falle eines Silylesters leicht hydrolytisch spalten. Dabei entstehen Si‐freie Thiolester R–COS–R′.
Über Alkoxide des Bleis, II. Reaktion von Trialkylbleimethoxiden mit Diboran; Darstellung von Trialkylplumbanen und Trialkylbleiboranaten
Authors: Amberger Eberhard , Hönigschmid‐Grossich Rüdiger
Published: June 2007

Bei der Umsetzung von Trialkylbleimethoxiden mit Diboran entstehen in fast quantitativer Ausbeute bis −35° stabile Trialkylbleiboranate. Bei deren Methanolyse bei −78° scheiden sich die Trialkylplumbane als schwere, farblose Öle ab. Sie beginnen ab etwa −20° zu zerfallen, wobei die Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit mit größer werdender Alkylgruppe abnimmt. Trimethylbleiboranat hingegen zerfällt in ätherischer Suspension schon bei −78° langsam in Trimethylplumban und Diboran.
Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Polymethincarboniumsalzen und Polyencarbinolen
Authors: Sondermann Joachim , Kuhn Hans
Published: June 2007

Die Verbindungen der Reihen
equation image
werden dargestellt. In beiden Reihen stimmen die λmax‐Werte und die Oszillatorenstärken der Banden im Elektronenspektrum mit den nach der Elektronengasmethode berechneten Werten gut überein.
Theory and practical understanding of the migration behavior of proteins and peptides in CE and related techniques
Authors: Freitag Ruth , Hilbrig Frank
Published: June 2007

CEC is defined as an analytical method, where the analytes are separated on a chromatographic column in the presence of an applied voltage. The separation of charged analytes in CEC is complex, since chromatographic interaction, electroosmosis and electrophoresis contribute to the experimentally observed behavior. The putative contribution of effects such as surface electrodiffusion has been suggested. A sound theoretical treatment incorporating all effects is currently not available. The question of whether the different effects contribute in an independent or an interdependent manner is still under discussion. In this contribution, the state‐of‐the‐art in the theoretical description of the individual contributions as well as models for the retention behavior and in particular possible dimensionless ‘retention factors’ is discussed, together with the experimental database for the separation of charged analytes, in particular proteins and peptides, by CEC and related techniques.
Some new bibds with k = 6 and λ = 1
Authors: Abel R. J. R. , Mills W. H.
Published: June 2007

(v, 6,1) BIBDs are given for several new values of v. This reduces to 55 the number of v values for which existence of a (v,6,1) BIBD is in doubt. A new resolvable (565,5,1) BIBD is also given. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Proper S(t, K,v)'s for t ≥ 3,v ≤ 16, |K| > 1 and Their Extensions
Authors: Kramer E. S. , Mathon Rudolf
Published: June 2007

We characterize the proper t‐wise balanced designs t‐(v,K,1) for t ≥ 3, λ = 1 and v ≤ 16 with at least two block sizes. While we do not examine extensions of S(3,4,16)'s, we do determine all other possible extensions of S(3,K,v)'s for v ≤ 16. One very interesting extension is an S(4, {5,6}, 17) design.©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quasi‐Symmetric Designs with Good Blocks
Authors: McDonough T. P. , Mavron V. C.
Published: June 2007

The article is concerned with a characterization of quasi‐symmetric (QS) designs with intersection numbers 0 and y. It uses the idea of a good block. Such a block G has the property that for any block B with |G ∩ B| = y, every point is on a block containing G ∩ B. It is proved that if a QS design II with intersection numbers 0 and y has a good block, then II must (i) be affine, symmetric, a linear space or (ii) have one of two possible exceptional parameter sets. Only one example is known in case (ii). If all blocks of II are good and II is not a linear space, then it is a projective or affine geometry or it is an extension (in a more general sense than usual) of a projective plane of order y2 or y3+ y. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Regulation of GLUT3 and glucose uptake by the cAMP signalling pathway in the breast cancer cell line ZR‐75
Authors: Meneses Ana Maria , Medina Rodolfo A. , Kato Sumie , Pinto Mauricio , Jaque Maria Paz , Lizama Isabel , García María de los Ángeles , Nualart Francisco , Owen Gareth I.
Published: June 2007

Increased glucose uptake as a principal energy source is a requirement for the continued survival of tumour cells. Facilitative glucose transporter‐1 (GLUT1) and ‐3 (GLUT3) have been previously shown to be present and regulated in breast cancer cells and are associated with poor patient prognosis. In cancer cells, the cAMP secondary messenger pathway is known to potentiate described glucose transporter activators and regulate cell fate. However, no regulation of the glucose transporters in breast cancer cells by cAMP has previously been examined. Herein, we determined in the well‐characterized breast cancer cell line ZR‐75, if the cAMP analogue 8‐br‐cAMP was capable of regulating GLUT1 and GLUT3 expression and thus glucose uptake. We demonstrated that 8‐br‐cAMP transiently up‐regulates GLUT3 mRNA levels. The use of actinomycin‐D and the cloning of 1,200 bp upstream of the human GLUT3 promoter demonstrated that this regulation was transcriptional. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting confirmed that the increase in mRNA was reflected by an increase in protein levels. No notable regulation of GLUT1 in the presence of 8‐br‐cAMP was detected. Finally, we determined using the non‐metabolizable glucose analogue 2‐DOG if this up‐regulation in GLUT3 increased glucose uptake. We observed the presence of two uptake components, one corresponding to the Km of GLUT1/4 and the other to GLUT3. A doubling in the uptake velocity was observed only at the Km corresponding to GLUT3. In conclusion, we demonstrate and characterize for the first time, an up‐regulation of GLUT3 mRNA, protein and glucose uptake by the cAMP pathway in breast cancer cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 214:110–116, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Equimatchable factor‐critical graphs
Authors: Favaron Odile
Published: June 2007

A simple graph G(X, E) is factor‐critical if the induced subgraph 〈X – x〉 admits a perfect matching for every vertex x of G. It is equimatchable if every maximal matching of G is maximum. The equimatchable non‐factor‐critical graphs have been studied by Lesk, Plummer, and Pulleyblank. In this paper, we study the equimatchable factor‐critical graphs; in particular we show that if such a graph is two‐connected, it is hamiltonian.
A note on chromatic uniqueness of graphs
Authors: Chia G. L.
Published: June 2007

We proved that if a connected graph is chromatically unique, then it has at most two blocks. Furthermore each of these blocks is vertex‐transitive and chromatically unique. It is then shown that if the two blocks of a connected graph G are H and K2, then G is chromatically unique if and only if H is vertex‐transitive and chromatically unique. This answers a conjecture of Whitehead and Zhao in the affirmative.
Classification of chromatically unique graphs having quadratic σ‐polynomials
Authors: Li Nian‐Zu , Whitehead Earl Glen , Xu Shao‐Ji
Published: June 2007

Frucht and Giudici classified all graphs having quadratic σ‐polynomials. Here we classify all chromatically unique graphs having quadratic σ‐polynomials.
Every connected graph is a query graph
Authors: Winkler Peter M.
Published: June 2007

Let V be a set of bit strings of length k, i.e., V ⊂ {0, 1}k. The query graph Q(V) is defined as follows: the vertices of Q(V) are the elements of V, and {ū, v̄} is an edge of Q(V) if and only if no other w̄ ϵ V agrees with ū in all the positions in which v̄ does. If V represents the set of keys for a statistical data base in which queries that match only one key are rejected, then the security of the individual data is related to the graph Q(V).

Ernst Leiss showed that graphs belonging to any of several classes could be represented as query graphs and asked whether any connected graph could be so represented. We answer his question in the affirmative by making use of a spanning tree with special properties.
Highly irregular graphs
Authors: Alavi Yousef , Chartrand Gary , Chung F. R. K. , Erdös Paul , Graham R. L. , Oellermann Ortrud R.
Published: June 2007

A connected graph is highly irregular if each of its vertices is adjacent only to vertices with distinct degrees. In this paper we investigate several problems concerning the existence and enumeration of highly irregular graphs as well as their independence numbers, with particular focus on the corresponding problems for highly irregular trees.
On 3‐colorings of bipartite p‐threshold graphs
Authors: Tomescu Ioan
Published: June 2007

In this paper some extremal properties of 3‐colorings of bipartite complete graphs in the class of all bipartite p‐threshold graphs that are uniquely 2‐colorable are proved. As a consequence it is shown that the complete bipartite graphs Kp, p + r where p ⩾ 2 and 0 ⩽ r <

magnified image are chromatically unique. A useful result concerning the maximization of a sum of powers of two under certain restrictions, which has an arithmetical interest, is also presented.
Subgraphs of large connectivity and chromatic number in graphs of large chromatic number
Authors: Alon N. , Kleitman D. , Thomassen C. , Saks M. , Seymour P.
Published: June 2007

For each pair k, m of natural numbers there exists a natural number f(k, m) such that every f(k, m)‐chromatic graph contains a k‐connected subgraph of chromatic number at least m.
Unretractive and S‐unretractive joins and lexicographic products of graphs
Authors: Knauer Ulrich
Published: June 2007

Graphs without proper endomorphisms are the subject of this article. It is shown that the join of two graphs has this property if and only if both summands have it, and that the lexicographic product of a complete graph or an odd circuit as first factors has this property if and only if the second factor has it. A somewhat stronger theorem is proved if the lexicographic product has no proper strong endomorphism. The corresponding result for the join is the same as for usual endomorphisms.
Reconstruction of locally finite connected graphs with at least three infinite wings
Authors: Nash‐Williams C. St. J. A.
Published: June 2007

Let G be a locally finite connected graph that can be expressed as the union of a finite subgraph and p disjoint infinite subgraphs, where 3 ≦ p < ∞, but cannot be expressed as the union of a finite subgraph and p + 1 disjoint infinite subgraphs. Then G is reconstructible.
Extremal problems involving neighborhood unions
Authors: Faudree Ralph J. , Gould Ronald J. , Jacobson Michael S. , Schelp Richard H.
Published: June 2007

We examine several extremal problems for graphs satisfying the property |N(x) ∪ N(y)| ⩾ s for every pair of nonadjacent vertices x, y ϵ V(G). In particular, values for s are found that ensure that the graph contains an s‐matching, a 1‐factor, a path of a specific length, or a cycle of a specific length.
Contractions and hamiltonian line graphs
Authors: Lai Hong‐Jian
Published: June 2007

Using the contraction method, we find a best possible condition involving the minimum degree for a triangle‐free graph to have a spanning eulerian subgraph.
On the presence of disjoint subgraphs of a specified type
Authors: Thomassen Carsten
Published: June 2007

We say that a graph family ℱ has the Erdös‐Pósa property if there exists a function f(k) such that any graph G contains either k disjoint subgraphs each isomorphic to a member of ℱ, or contains a set S of at most f(k) vertices such that G — S contains no graph in ℱ. We derive a general sufficient condition for a family of graphs to have the Erdös‐Pósa property. In particular, for any fixed natural number m the collection of cycles of length divisible by m has the Erdös‐Pósa property. As a by‐product, we obtain a polynomially bounded algorithm for finding a cycle of length divisible by m. On the other hand, we describe a general class of planar graphs H such that a collection of subdivisions of H does not have the Erdös‐Pósa property. In fact, H may even be a tree.
Cutting a graph into two dissimilar halves
Authors: Erdós Paul , Goldberg Mark , Pach János , Spencer Joel
Published: June 2007

Given a graph G and a subset S of the vertex set of G, the discrepancy of S is defined as the difference between the actual and expected numbers of the edges in the subgraph induced on S. We show that for every graph with n vertices and e edges, n < e < n(n − 1)/4, there is an n/2‐element subset with the discrepancy of the order of magnitude of \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\sqrt {ne}$\end{document} For graphs with fewer than n edges, we calculate the asymptotics for the maximum guaranteed discrepancy of an n/2‐element subset. We also introduce a new notion called “bipartite discrepancy” and discuss related results and open problems.
A sufficient condition for a bipartite graph to have a k‐factor
Authors: Enomoto Hikoe , Ota Katsuhiro , Kano Mikio
Published: June 2007

P. Katerinis obtained a sufficient condition for the existence of a 2‐factor in a bipartite graph, in the spirit of Hall's theorem. We show a sufficient condition for the existence of a k‐factor in a bipartite graph, as a generalization of Katerinis's theorem and Hall's theorem.
Transforming trees by successive local complementations
Authors: Bouchet André
Published: June 2007

A local complementation of a simple graph G at a vertex v consists in replacing the subgraph induced by G on the neighborhood of v by the complementary graph. Two graphs are locally equivalent if they are related by a sequence of local complementations. H. M. Mulder conjectured that any two locally equivalent trees are isomorphic. We prove this conjecture and we characterize those graphs that are locally equivalent to trees.
Hamilton cycles in claw‐free graphs
Authors: Zhang Cun‐Quan
Published: June 2007

Bondy conjectured that if G is a k‐connected graph of order n such that
magnified image
for any (k + 1)‐independent set / of G, then the subgraph outside any longest cycle contains no path of length k − 1. In this paper, we are going to prove that, if G is a k‐connected claw‐free (K1,3‐free) graph of order n such that
magnified image
for any (k + 1)‐independent set /, then G contains a Hamilton cycle. The theorem in this paper implies Bondy's conjecture in the case of claw‐free graphs.
On maximal independent sets of nodes in trees
Authors: Meir A. , Moon J. W.
Published: June 2007

A subset / of the nodes of a graph is a maximal independent set if no two nodes of / are joined to each other and every node not in / is joined to at least one node in /. We investigate the behavior of the average numbere(n) and the average size μ(n) of maximal independent sets in treesTnwhere the averages are over all treesTnbelonging to certain families of rooted trees. We find, under certain conditions, thate(n) ∼q·Enand μ(n) ∼Snasn→ ∞, whereq,E, andSare constants that depend on the family being considered.
Characterizations of second iterated line graphs
Authors: Guangfu Zhao
Published: June 2007

The main results of this paper are two characterizations of second iterated line graphs, i.e., two sets of necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to the graph equation H = L2(G). A method to get a root of the graph equation is also given if one exists.
Threshold tolerance graphs
Authors: Monma Clyde L. , Reed Bruce , Trotter William T.
Published: June 2007

In this paper, we introduce a class of graphs that generalize threshold graphs by introducing threshold tolerances. Several characterizations of these graphs are presented, one of which leads to a polynomial‐time recognition algorithm. It is also shown that the complements of these graphs contain interval graphs and threshold graphs, and are contained in the subclass of chordal graphs called strongly chordal graphs, and in the class of interval tolerance graphs.
On the tree representation of chordal graphs
Authors: Shibata Yukio
Published: June 2007

We introduce the notion of the boundary clique and the k‐overlap clique graph and prove the following: Every incomplete chordal graph has two nonadjacent simplicial vertices lying in boundary cliques. An incomplete chordal graph G is k‐connected if and only if the k‐overlap clique graph gk(G) is connected. We give an algorithm to construct a clique tree of a connected chordal graph and characterize clique trees of connected chordal graphs using the algorithm.
On the greatest number of 2 and 3 colorings of a (v, e)‐graph
Authors: Lazebnik Felix
Published: June 2007

Let F denote the family of simple undirected graphs on v vertices having e edges ((v, e)‐graphs) and P(λ, G) be the chromatic polynomial of a graph G. For the given integers v, e, Δ, let f(v, e, Δ) denote the greatest number of proper colorings in Δ or less colors that a (v, e)‐graph G can have, i.e., f(v, e, Δ) = max{P(Δ, G): G ∈ F}. In this paper we determine f(v, e, 2) and describe all graphs G for which P(2, G) = f(v, e, 2). For f(v, e, 3), a lower bound and an upper bound are found.
New upper bounds for the greatest number of proper colorings of a (V,E)‐graph
Authors: Lazebnik Felix
Published: June 2007

Let 𝒻 denote the family of simple undirected graphs on v vertices having e edges ((v, e)‐graphs) and P(G; λ) be the chromatic polynomial of a graph G. For the given integers v, e, and λ, let f(v, e, λ) denote the greatest number of proper colorings in λ or less colors that a (v, e)‐graph G can have, i.e., f(v, e, λ) = max{P(G; λ): G ∈ 𝒻}. In this paper we determine some new upper bounds for f(v, e, λ).
On the decomposition of n‐cubes into isomorphic trees
Authors: Fink John Frederick
Published: June 2007

We prove that if T is any tree having n edges (n ≥ 1), then the n‐cube Qn can be decomposed into 2n‐1 edge‐disjoint induced subgraphs, each of which is isomorphic to T. We use this statement to obtain two results concerning decompositions of Qn into subgraphs isomorphic to members of a specified family of trees.
Neighborhood unions and hamilton cycles
Authors: Jackson Bill
Published: June 2007

Let G be a graph on n vertices and N2(G) denote the minimum size of N(u) ∪ N(v) taken over all pairs of independent vertices u, v of G. We show that if G is 3‐connected and N2(G) ⩾ ½(n + 1), then G has a Hamilton cycle. We show further that if G is 2‐connected and N2(G) ⩾ ½(n + 3), then either G has a Hamilton cycle or else G belongs to one of three families of exceptional graphs.
The maximum number of edges in a minimal graph of diameter 2
Authors: Füredi Zoltán
Published: June 2007

A graph g of diameter 2 is minimal if the deletion of any edge increases its diameter. Here the following conjecture of Murty and Simon is proved for n < no. If g has n vertices then it has at most n2/4 edges. The only extremum is the complete bipartite graph.