bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Camp Nou Stadium as a Testbed for City Physiology: A Modular Framework for Urban Digital Twins
Authors: Meta Irene , Serra-Burriel Feliu , Carrasco-Jiménez José C. , Cucchietti Fernando M. , Diví-Cuesta Carla , García Calatrava Carlos , García David , Graells-Garrido Eduardo , Navarro Germán , Làzaro Quim , Reyes Patricio , Navarro-Mateu Diego , Gil Julian Alex , Eguskiza Martínez Imanol
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the Camp Nou stadium is used as a testbed for City Physiology, a theoretical framework for urban digital twins. With this case study, the modularity and adaptability of the framework, originally intended for city‐scale simulations, are tested on a large facility venue. As a proof of concept, several statistical techniques and an agent‐based simulation platform are coupled to simulate a crowd in the stadium, and a process of four steps is followed to build the case study. Both the conceptual (interdomain) and technical (domain specific) layers of the digital twin are defined and connected in a nonlinear process so that they represent the complexity of the object to be simulated. The result obtained is a strategy to build a digital twin from the domain point of view, paving the way for more complex, more ambitious simulators.
Movement and Protection for Random Shape Rockfalls in Steeply Dipping Coal Seams
Authors: Liu Ming , Chen Jie
Published: October 2021

In view of the randomness of rockfalls shape and irregularity of the bottom floor of working face in steeply dipping coal seams (SDCS), it is difficult to accurately simulate rockfall movement, and it is consequently unable to effectively protect against multirockfalls. Therefore, a method for generating random shape rockfalls based on ellipsoid equation is proposed, and a 3D grid model of real bottom floor of working face is established based on the geographic information system data. In order to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the method and 3D model, the trajectory simulated by Rockyfor3D software is compared, and the proposed method and 3D model prove to be effective in simulating rockfall movement more accurately. Then the proposed method and 3D grid model are applied to solve the problem of multirockfalls protection in numerical simulation, and the main factors affecting the structural stress response of protective netting are analyzed by taking three incident modes of parallel heights, ladder parallel, and the same trajectory. In the simulation, it is found out that the trajectory of irregular rockfalls is greatly affected by the shape of rockfall and working face floor; during the process of multiple rockfalls colliding with the protective netting, the peak stress on the protective netting is inversely proportional to both the time interval between each rockfall and the distance between each rockfall. The findings presented in this research contribute to rockfall prediction and protection against rockfall hazards.
Afrophobic Attacks in Virtual Spaces: The Case of Three Hashtags in South Africa
Authors:   Department of Curriculum Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Tarisayi Kudzayi Savious
Published: October 2021

Contemporary discourse on migration in the Republic of South Africa reveals recurring attacks on foreign nationals over the past decade. Recent literature shows that the attacks have mainly targeted foreign nationals from other African countries. However, this growing literature focuses on physical attacks on foreigners while negating cyberspace ones. This article focuses on attacks on foreign nationals in virtual space. The study sought to answer two research questions: In what way are migration and migrants being portrayed on South African Twitter? In what way are Twitter hashtags being used to perpetuate afrophobia? A study of three hashtags was conducted. The article drew from the scapegoating theory to interrogate tweets on South African Twitter. Data was generated using an online hashtag tracker. A qualitative content analysis of three hashtags (#PutSouthAfricansFirst, #NormaliseHiringSACitizens and #SAHomeAffairsCorruption) was conducted. The study noted the omnipresent view that all black foreigners in South Africa were “illegal immigrants” regardless of their migration status. Besides, black foreigners were stereotyped as criminals. The Department of Home Affairs was viewed as complicit in the influx of illegal immigrants in South Africa through corrupt activities. The tweets also blamed the government for its inability to resolve the problem of illegal immigrants. The study established that hashtags were now the new frontier for afrophobic attacks on black foreigners in South Africa.
Reorganization of the 3D Genome Pinpoints Noncoding Drivers of Primary Prostate Tumors
Authors: Hawley James R. , Zhou Stanley , Arlidge Christopher , Grillo Giacomo , Kron Ken J. , Hugh-White Rupert , van der Kwast Theodorus H. , Fraser Michael , Boutros Paul C. , Bristow Robert G. , Lupien Mathieu
Published: October 2021

Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease whose progression is linked to genome instability. However, the impact of this instability on the noncoding genome and its three-dimensional organization to aid progression is unclear. Using primary benign and tumor tissue, we find a high concordance in higher-order three-dimensional genome organization. This concordance argues for constraints to the topology of prostate tumor genomes. Nonetheless, we identified changes in focal chromatin interactions, typical of loops bridging noncoding cis-regulatory elements, and showed how structural variants can induce these changes to guide cis-regulatory element hijacking. Such events resulted in opposing differential expression of genes found at antipodes of rearrangements. Collectively, these results argue that changes to focal chromatin interactions, as opposed to higher-order genome organization, allow for aberrant gene regulation and are repeatedly mediated by structural variants in primary prostate cancer.

Significance:

This work showcases how the noncoding genome can be hijacked by focal insults to its three-dimensional organization that contribute to prostate cancer oncogenesis.
SMARCA4: Implications of an Altered Chromatin-Remodeling Gene for Cancer Development and Therapy
Authors: Mardinian Kristina , Adashek Jacob J. , Botta Gregory P. , Kato Shumei , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: October 2021

The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, via nucleosome topology modulation, regulates transcription. The SMARCA4 (BRG1) subunit codes for the ATPase energy engine of the SWI/SNF complex. SMARCA4 is a tumor suppressor that is aberrant in ∼5% to 7% of human malignancies. Class I SMARCA4 alterations (truncating mutations, fusions, and homozygous deletion) lead to loss of function whereas class II alterations (missense mutations) have a dominant negative/gain-of-function effect and/or loss-of function. SMARCA4 alterations typify the ultra-rare small cell carcinomas of the ovary hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) and SMARCA4-deficient thoracic and uterine sarcomas; they are also found in a subset of more common tumors, for example, lung, colon, bladder, and breast carcinomas. Germline variants in the SMARCA4 gene lead to various hereditary conditions: rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome-2 (RTPS2), characterized by loss-of-function alterations and aggressive rhabdoid tumors presenting in infants and young children; and Coffin-Siris syndrome, characterized by dominant negative/gain-of function alterations and developmental delays, microcephaly, unique facies, and hypoplastic nails of the fifth fingers or toes. A minority of rhabdoid tumors have a germline SMARCA4 variant as do >40% of women with SCCOHT. Importantly, immune checkpoint blockade has shown remarkable, albeit anecdotal, responses in SCCOHT. In addition, there is ongoing research into BET, EZH2, HDAC, CDK4/6, and FGFR inhibitors, as well as agents that might induce synthetic lethality via DNA damage repair impairment (ATR inhibitors and platinum chemotherapy), or via the exploitation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors or AURKA inhibitors, in SMARCA4-aberrant cancers.
Single-Cell Atlas of Lineage States, Tumor Microenvironment, and Subtype-Specific Expression Programs in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kumar Vikrant , Ramnarayanan Kalpana , Sundar Raghav , Padmanabhan Nisha , Srivastava Supriya , Koiwa Mayu , Yasuda Tadahito , Koh Vivien , Huang Kie Kyon , Tay Su Ting , Ho Shamaine Wei Ting , Tan Angie Lay Keng , Ishimoto Takatsugu , Kim Guowei , Shabbir Asim , Chen Qingfeng , Zhang Biyan , Xu Shengli , Lam Kong-Peng , Lum Huey Yew Jeffrey , Teh Ming , Yong Wei Peng , So Jimmy Bok Yan , Tan Patrick
Published: October 2021

Gastric cancer heterogeneity represents a barrier to disease management. We generated a comprehensive single-cell atlas of gastric cancer (>200,000 cells) comprising 48 samples from 31 patients across clinical stages and histologic subtypes. We identified 34 distinct cell-lineage states including novel rare cell populations. Many lineage states exhibited distinct cancer-associated expression profiles, individually contributing to a combined tumor-wide molecular collage. We observed increased plasma cell proportions in diffuse-type tumors associated with epithelial-resident KLF2 and stage-wise accrual of cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations marked by high INHBA and FAP coexpression. Single-cell comparisons between patient-derived organoids (PDO) and primary tumors highlighted inter- and intralineage similarities and differences, demarcating molecular boundaries of PDOs as experimental models. We complemented these findings by spatial transcriptomics, orthogonal validation in independent bulk RNA-sequencing cohorts, and functional demonstration using in vitro and in vivo models. Our results provide a high-resolution molecular resource of intra- and interpatient lineage states across distinct gastric cancer subtypes.

Significance:

We profiled gastric malignancies at single-cell resolution and identified increased plasma cell proportions as a novel feature of diffuse-type tumors. We also uncovered distinct cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes with INHBA–FAP-high cell populations as predictors of poor clinical prognosis. Our findings highlight potential origins of deregulated cell states in the gastric tumor ecosystem.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 587
C5orf66 rs4976270/rs639933 Are Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in Southern Chinese Han Population: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhan Xingyun , Bai Fenghua , Lin Sifeng , Feng Tao , Tang Xiaosi , Ding Yipeng , Jin Tianbo
Published: October 2021

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common malignant tumors, with high mortality and poor prognosis. Our study aimed to determine the association between the long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) C5orf66 polymorphism and CRC risk in southern Chinese Han population. Method: Using the experimental design of “case-control” study (512 cases and 513 controls), we selected 4 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C5orf66. All candidate SNPs were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between SNPs and CRC risk. Then, we used false-positive report probability analysis to detect whether the significant result is just a chance or noteworthy observation. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction was used to analyze the interaction of “SNP-SNP” in CRC risk. Results: Our results showed that C5orf66 SNPs rs4976270 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69, p = 0.021) and rs639933 (OR = 1.67, p = 0.024) were, respectively, associated with increasing CRC risk in the southern Chinese Han population. Stratified analysis showed that rs4976270 and rs639933 were significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC in subgroups (>60 years, body mass index ≤24 and drinking) under multiple genetic models. In addition, rs254563 and rs647161 also had potential association with CRC risk in subgroups (BMI ≤24 and drinking). Finally, haplotype analysis results showed that haplotype “TA” was significantly associated with increased CRC risk (OR = 1.21, confidence interval = 1.47–2.02, p = 0.043). Conclusion: Our study provides a new idea for the risk assessment of CRC. LncRNA C5orf66 SNPs have a certain association with CRC risk in the southern Chinese Han population.
Frequency of Human Papillomavirus Detection in Chagasic Megaesophagus Associated or Not with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Munari Fernanda Franco , Sichero Laura , Carloni Adriana Cruvinel , Lacerda Croider Franco , Nunes Emily Montosa , de Oliveira Antônio Talvane Torres , Scapulatempo-Neto Cristovam , da Silva Sandra Regina Morini , Crema Eduardo , Adad Sheila Jorge , Rodrigues Maria Aparecida Marchesan , Henry Maria Aparecida Coelho Arruda , Guimarães Denise Peixoto , Reis Rui Manuel , Villa Luisa Lina , Longatto-Filho Adhemar
Published: October 2021

Background: Chagasic megaesophagus (CM) as well as the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) has been reported as etiological factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Objective: We assessed the prevalence of HPV DNA in a series of ESCCs associated or not with CM. Data obtained were further correlated to the pathological and clinical data of affected individuals. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 92 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues collected from patients referred to 3 different hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil: Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo; Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais; and São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo. Cases were divided into 3 groups: (i) 24 patients with CM associated with ESCC (CM/ESCC); (ii) 37 patients with ESCC without CM (ESCC); and (iii) 31 patients with CM without ESCC (CM). Detection of HPV DNA was assessed in all samples by a genotyping assay combining multiplex polymerase chain reaction and bead-based Luminex technology. Results: We identified a high prevalence of high-risk HPV in patients in the CM group (12/31, 38.8%) and CM/ESCC (8/24, 33.3%), compared to individuals in the ESCC group (6/37, 16.3%). The individuals in the groups with cancer (ESCC and CM/ESCC) had a higher frequency of HPV-16 (4/9, 44.5% and 2/8, 25.0%). The other types of high-risk HPVs detected were HPV-31, 45, 51, 53, 56, 66, and 73. We also observed in some samples HPV coinfection by more than one viral type. Despite the high incidence of HPV, it did not show any association with the patient’s clinical-pathological and molecular (TP53 mutation status) characteristics. Conclusion: This is the first report of the presence of HPV DNA in CM associated with ESCC. HPV infection was more presence in megaesophagus lesions. Further studies are needed to confirm and better understand the role of persistent HPV infection in patients with CM.
Evaluation of Nail Findings in Patients with COVID-19 History and Wood’s Lamp Examination
Authors: Yanatma Irem , Cenk Hulya
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Various skin findings due to coronavirus have been identified. There are a few case reports on nail findings after coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. We aimed to document the nail findings of the COVID-19 survivors and shed light on the interesting luminescence seen under the Wood’s light. Methods: One hundred and seventy-four patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in the last 100 days were grouped in terms of the agents used in the treatment. Fifty-seven volunteers without a history of infection were included. Results: Patients treated with favipiravir had a significantly higher positivity of luminescence (p: 0.0001). The most common nail findings in patients were splinter hemorrhage (13%), followed by leukonychia (12%) and longitudinal ridges (7.9%). Discussion/Conclusions: The luminescence may be seen due to the accumulation of favipiravir or its excipients (titanium dioxide and yellow ferric oxide) on the nails. Wood’s lamp examination of the plasma taken from a patient after favipiravir’s first dose revealed the same luminescence as we saw on the nails. Accordingly, this accumulation may be seen in the vital organs. Although our knowledge about the virus increases day by day, the potentially hazardous effects of the virus and long-term complications of the treatment options are still being investigated.
A Longitudinal Study on the Mental Health of College Students in Jinan During the Peak Stage of the COVID-19 Epidemic and the Society Reopening
Authors: Zheng Xiaolei , Guo Yuji , Ma Wen , Yang Hui , Luo Liyan , Wen Li , Zhou Xiaolan , Li Qing , Bi Jianzhong , Wang Ping , Wang Hongxing
Published: October 2021

Introduction: COVID-19, a continuously emerging human-to-human infectious disease, has exerted a significant impact on the mental health of college students. However, little is known regarding the variations in the mental health issues experienced by college students during the peak versus reopening stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Methods: To assess these issues, an online longitudinal survey was conducted via a WeChat applet. Undergraduates (n = 300) were recruited from 26 universities throughout Jinan in February 2020 (T1 – the epidemic peak stage) and in January 2021 (T2 – the society reopening stage). Their mental status was determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Results: Of the original 300 college students recruited for this survey, 294 responses at T1 and 285 at T2 were analyzed. Compared with responses obtained at T1, college students at T2 showed a greater prevalence of depression (65.3 vs. 51.0%; p = 0.001) and anxiety (47.7 vs. 38.1%, p = 0.019), and experienced more severe depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.001). Both males (p = 0.03) and females (p < 0.01) showed higher levels of depression at T2 versus T1, while no differences were obtained with regard to anxiety and insomnia. At T1, Grade 4 students showed greater levels of depression (p = 0.005) and anxiety (p = 0.008) than that of Grade 1 students. While at T2, only greater levels of depression (p = 0.004) were present when compared with that of Grade 1 students. Additionally, Grade 4 college students demonstrated a greater prevalence of depression at T2 versus T1 (p = 0.03), but no statistically differences were present for anxiety and insomnia. No statistically significant differences were obtained among the 4 grades of college students for insomnia at either the T1 or T2. Conclusion: With progression of the COVID-19 epidemic, college students showed increasing levels of depression and anxiety, with Grade 4 college students being most seriously affected. It is imperative that intervention strategies be implemented to mitigate against these mental health issues resulting from the COVID-19 epidemic.
IgA Nephropathy: A Chinese Perspective
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Zhang Yuemiao , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2021

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide and remains a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The disease prevalence, clinical and pathological phenotypes, the underlying pathogenic molecular mechanisms, and the response to treatments are highly heterogeneous in different ethnic populations, which raise the concern that IgAN may differ across different parts of the world. Summary: From a Chinese perspective, we stated the disease burden of IgAN, summarized genome-wide association studies and research into pathological molecules, and compared them with findings based on other populations. The emerging biomarkers, indigenous clinical trials, and major challenges for Chinese researchers and nephrologists in studying IgAN are also discussed. Key Messages: In this review, we described a higher risk of major susceptible loci in mucosal immunity, IgA production, and complement activation pathways in Chinese patients with IgAN. With our understanding of the pathogenesis of IgAN, novel biomarkers are emerging. Although there are challenges for conducting high-quality clinical trials in China, it is still feasible to conduct innovative and well-designed studies of IgAN. In the future, international collaborations on research infrastructure would be helpful to advance clinical and basic research in China.
Modelling and simulation of driving cycle using simulink
Authors: Arun S. K. , Anida I. N. , Norbakyah J. S. , Salisa A. R.
Published: October 2021

Driving cycle is commonly known as the relationship and a series of speed-time profile. The study on this discipline aids vehicle manufacturers in vehicle construction, environmentalists in studying environment quality in proportion with vehicle emissions and traffic engineers to further investigate the behaviour of drivers and the road conditions which assist automotive industry in a better and energy efficient vehicle productions. In order to develop a proper driving cycle for selected routes, information and data based on real-time driving behaviour is important. This research focusses on the modelling of each component and latter designing a conceptual model in Simulink which takes up the data of speed of vehicles in SI unit which is m/s and draws out distance travelled and acceleration of the vehicle together with driving cycle of the route for given timestamp. This relation will be verified with existing Kuala Terengganu BasKITe driving cycle, highway fuel economy test (HWFET), new europian driving cycle (NEDC) and worldwide harmonised light vehicle test procedure (WLTP) driving cycles for the use of future projects and improvements of technology in studies and analysis of powertrain and electric vehicle performances.
The MPPT algorithm combined with pitch angle control for the small-scale wind turbine in a wide speed range
Authors: Ngo Quang-Vi , Nguyen Trong-Thang
Published: October 2021

This research proposes the control system structure for a small-scale wind turbine. Significantly, the maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT) and the pitch angle controller are deeply analyzed; this is the base for proposing the strategy of the MPPT algorithm combined with pitch-angle control in a wide speed range of wind. This article also researches the converters, then analyses the advantages of each converter to choose the suitable converter for the small-scale wind turbine. In the MPPT algorithm design, the expert experience takes advantage through the fuzzy controller. The pitch angle controller is built based on the PID controller with its parameters adjusted by Fuzzy logic. The results showed that the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is much better than that of the traditional control strategy. Moreover, in high and low wind speeds, the proposed control system operates reliably and stably.
Implementation on the dSPACE 1104 of VOC-SVM based anti-windup PI Controller of a three-phase PWM rectifier
Authors: Lamterkati J. , Ouboubker L. , Khafallah M. , El afia A.
Published: October 2021

The study made in this paper concerns the use of the voltage-oriented control (VOC) of three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier with constant switching frequency. This control method, called voltage-oriented controlwith space vector modulation (VOC-SVM). The proposed control scheme has been founded on the transformation between stationary (α-β) and and synchronously rotating (d-q) coordinate system, it is based on two cascaded control loops so that a fast inner loop controls the grid current and an external loop DC-link voltage, while the DC-bus voltage is maintained at the desired level and ansured the unity power factor operation. So, the stable state performance and robustness against the load’s disturbance of PWM rectifiers are boths improved. The proposed scheme has been implemented and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The control system of the VOC-SVM strategy has been built based on dSPACE system with DS1104 controller board. The results obtained show the validity of the model and its control method. Compared with the conventional SPWM method, the VOC-SVM ensures high performance and fast transient response.
Modeling and control of a hybrid DC/DC/AC converter to transfer power under different power management strategies
Authors: Alizadeh Asl Amin , Alizadeh Asl Ramin
Published: October 2021

A hybrid DC/DC/AC converter connected to the grid without a three-phase transformer is controlled. The decentralized control method is applied to the hybrid DC-DC converter such that the maximum power of PV flows to the grid side. This controller must charge and discharge the battery at the proper time. It must also regulate DC-link voltage. An additional advantage of the proposed control is that the three-phase inverter does not need a separate controller such as PWM and SPWM. A simple technique is used for creating the desired phase shift in the three-phase inverter, which makes the active and reactive power of the inverter controllable. A new configuration is also proposed to transmit and manage the generation power of PV. In this
scheme, the battery and fuel cell are employed as an auxiliary source to manage the generation power of PV. Finally, a real-time simulation is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller and system by considering the real characteristics of PV and FC.
Asymmetrical four-wire cascaded h-bridge multi-level inverter based shunt active power filter supplied by a photovoltaic source
Authors: Saleh Kamel , Mahmoud Omar
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a novel shunt active power filter (SAPF). The power converter that is used in this SAPF is constructed from a four-leg asymmetric multi-level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter that is fed from a photovoltaic source. A three-dimensional space vector modulation (3D-SVPWM) technique is adopted in this work. The multi-level inverter can generate 27-level output with harmonic content is almost zero. In addition to the capability to inject reactive power and mitigating the harmonics, the proposed SAPF has also, the ability to inject real power as it is fed from a PV source. Moreover, it has a fault-tolerant capability that makes the SAPF maintaining its operation under a loss of one leg of the multi-level inverter due to an open-circuit fault without any degradation in the performance. The proposed SAPF is designed and simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK using a single nonlinear load and the results have shown a significant reduction in total harmonics distortion (THD) of the source current under the normal operating condition and post a failure in one phase of the SAPF. Also, similar results are obtained when IEEE 15 bus network is used.
Generator and grid side converter control for wind energy conversion system
Authors: Tounsi Asma , Abid Hafedh
Published: October 2021

This paper focuses on the modeling and control of a wind energy conversion chain using a permanent magnet synchronous machine. This system behaves a turbine, a generator, DC/DC and DC/AC power converters. These are connected on both sides to the DC bus, where the inverter is followed by a filter which is connected to the grid. In this paper, we have been used two types of controllers. For the stator side converter, we consider the Takagi-Sugeno approach where the parameters of controller have been computed by the theory of linear matrix inequalities. The stability synthesis has been checked using the Lyapunov theory. According to the grid side converter, the proportional integral controller is exploited to keep a constant voltage on the DC bus and control both types of powers. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach used.
Particle swarm optimisation for reactive power compensation on Oman 6 bus electrical grid
Authors: Al Mamari Adnan Saif , Toha Siti Fauziah , Ahmad Salmiah , Al Mamari Ali Salim
Published: October 2021

The consistent problem with operators and planners for power systems has been related to minimizing transmission losses. An important role is played by reactive power by keeping voltage stability and reliability in the system in order to support the transfer of real power. The optimal reactive power dispatch is associated with the problem of non-linear optimization along with many constraints. In this paper, a study is highlighted for an algorithm that optimizes reactive power with the help of particle swarm algorithm and compare the result with Newton-Raphson method. Reduction of system active power loss is the goal of the function in the projected algorithm. Here, the control variables identified are transformer tap positions, generator bus voltages, and shunt capacitor banks with switch. This projected algorithm is performed on Oman 6 bus electrical grid as oman electricity transmission company has an instability voltage issue in chosen 6 bus.
Syndrome of Reversible Cardiogenic Shock and Left Ventricular Ballooning in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sherrid Mark V. , Swistel Daniel G. , Olivotto Iacopo , Pieroni Maurizio , Wever‐Pinzon Omar , Riedy Katherine , Bach Richard G. , Husaini Mustafa , Cresci Sharon , Reyentovich Alex , Massera Daniele , Maron Martin S. , Maron Barry J. , Kim Bette
Published: October 2021

Background

Cardiogenic shock from most causes has unfavorable prognosis. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can uncommonly present with apical ballooning and shock in association with sudden development of severe and unrelenting left ventricular (LV) outflow obstruction. Typical HCM phenotypic features of mild septal thickening, outflow gradients, and distinctive mitral abnormalities differentiate these patients from others with Takotsubo syndrome, who have normal mitral valves and no outflow obstruction.

Methods and Results

We analyzed 8 patients from our 4 HCM centers with obstructive HCM and abrupt presentation of cardiogenic shock with LV ballooning, and 6 cases reported in literature. Of 14 patients, 10 (71%) were women, aged 66±9 years, presenting with acute symptoms: LV ballooning; depressed ejection fraction (25±5%); refractory systemic hypotension; marked LV outflow tract obstruction (peak gradient, 94±28 mm Hg); and elevated troponin, but absence of atherosclerotic coronary disease. Shock was managed with intravenous administration of phenylephrine (n=6), norepinephrine (n=6), β‐blocker (n=7), and vasopressin (n=1). Mechanical circulatory support was required in 8, including intra‐aortic balloon pump (n=4), venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n=3), and Impella and Tandem Heart in 1 each. In refractory shock, urgent relief of obstruction by myectomy was performed in 5, and alcohol ablation in 1. All patients survived their critical illness, with full recovery of systolic function.

Conclusions

When cardiogenic shock and LV ballooning occur in obstructive HCM, they are marked by distinctive anatomic and physiologic features. Relief of obstruction with targeted pharmacotherapy, mechanical circulatory support, and myectomy, when necessary for refractory shock, may lead to survival and normalization of systolic function.
Repeat Flow Diversion for Cerebral Aneurysms Failing Prior Flow Diversion: Safety and Feasibility From Multicenter Experience
Authors: Salem Mohamed M. , Sweid Ahmad , Kuhn Anna L. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Gomez-Paz Santiago , Maragkos Georgios A. , Waqas Muhammad , Parra-Farinas Carmen , Salehani Arsalaan , Adeeb Nimer , Brouwer Patrick , Pickett Gwynedd , Ku Jerry , X.D. Yang Victor , Weill Alain , Radovanovic Ivan , Cognard Christophe , Spears Julian , Cuellar-Saenz Hugo H. , Renieri Leonardo , Kan Peter , Limbucci Nicola , Mendes Pereira Vitor , Harrigan Mark R. , Puri Ajit S. , Levy Elad I. , Moore Justin M. , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Marotta Thomas R. , Jabbour Pascal , Thomas Ajith J.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Aneurysmal persistence after flow diversion (FD) occurs in 5% to 25% of aneurysms, which may necessitate retreatment. There are limited data on safety/efficacy of repeat FD—a frequently utilized strategy in such cases.

Methods:

A series of consecutive patients undergoing FD retreatment from 15 centers were reviewed (2011–2019), with inclusion criteria of repeat FD for the same aneurysm at least 6 months after initial treatment, with minimum of 6 months post-retreatment imaging. The primary outcome was aneurysmal occlusion, and secondary outcome was safety. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to identify predictors of incomplete occlusion (90%–99% and <90% occlusion) versus complete occlusion (100%) after retreatment.

Results:

Ninety-five patients (median age, 57 years; 81% women) harboring 95 aneurysms underwent 198 treatment procedures. Majority of aneurysms were unruptured (87.4%), saccular (74.7%), and located in the internal carotid artery (79%; median size, 9 mm). Median elapsed time between the first and second treatment was 12.2 months. Last available follow-up was at median 12.8 months after retreatment, and median 30.6 months after the initial treatment, showing complete occlusion in 46.2% and near-complete occlusion (90%–99%) in 20.4% of aneurysms. There was no difference in ischemic complications following initial treatment and retreatment (4.2% versus 4.2%;
P
>0.99). On multivariable regression, fusiform morphology had higher nonocclusion odds after retreatment (odds ratio [OR], 7.2 [95% CI, 1.97–20.8]). Family history of aneurysms was associated with lower odds of nonocclusion (OR, 0.18 [95% CI, 0.04–0.78]). Likewise, positive smoking history was associated with lower odds of nonocclusion (OR, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.1–0.86]). History of hypertension trended toward incomplete occlusion (OR, 3.10 [95% CI, 0.98–6.3]), similar to incorporated branch into aneurysms (OR, 2.78 [95% CI, 0.98–6.8]).

Conclusions:

Repeat FD for persistent aneurysms carries a reasonable success/safety profile. Satisfactory occlusion (100% and 90%–99% occlusion) was encountered in two-thirds of patients, with similar complications between the initial and subsequent retreatments. Fusiform morphology was the strongest predictor of retreatment failure.
English-Language Advertising Slogans and Their Ukrainian Translations: Comprehension Among Ukrainians
Authors: Bihunov Dmytro , Ivashkevych Ernest
Published: October 2021

English-Language Advertising Slogans and Their Ukrainian Translations: Comprehension Among UkrainiansThe article deals with the study of advertising slogans. A selection of English-language slogans and their translations into Ukrainian are presented. Their categorisation according to phonetic, lexical and syntactical principles facilitates the comparison between the inner meaning of the English slogans and their reflection or transformation into Ukrainian variants. The article attempts to investigate the perception and understanding of advertising slogans in English and their Ukrainian variants by the general Ukrainian-speaking public. Anglojęzyczne slogany reklamowe i ich ukraińskie tłumaczenia, a ich pojmowanie przez UkraińcówAutorzy prowadzą badania nad sloganami reklamowymi. Przedstawiają wybrane slogany anglojęzyczne i ich tłumaczenia na język ukraiński. Ich klasyfikacja według cech fonetycznych, leksykalnych i składniowych pozwala na porównanie wewnętrznego znaczenia sloganów angielskich z ich odzwierciedleniem lub transformacją na warianty ukraińskie. Autorzy podejmują próbę analizy percepcji i zrozumienia sloganów reklamowych w języku angielskim i ich ukraińskich wariantów przez ogół ukraińskojęzycznych odbiorców.
The Concept Human: New Achievements and Prospects. Iryna Harbera, “Movnoarealʹne pole kontseptu liudyna: Frazeokodovyĭ rivenʹ i linhvokompʹiuterne modeliuvannia” (TOV “Nilan-LTD”, Vinnytsia 2018, ss. 170)
Authors: Krasnobaieva-Chorna ZHanna
Published: October 2021

The Concept Human: New Achievements and Prospects. Iryna Harbera, “Movnoarealʹne pole kontseptu liudyna: Frazeokodovyĭ rivenʹ i linhvokompʹiuterne modeliuvannia” (TOV “Nilan-LTD”, Vinnytsia 2018, ss. 170)The article is a review of an interesting and significant work which summarizes the qualification features of concepts in the modern linguistic paradigm. The specificity of the verbal objectification of concepts is characterized by means of areal phraseology and the concept human in the phraseology of eastern-steppe Ukrainian dialects is structured. A corpus of phraseological units of eastern-steppe Ukrainian dialects with the archisema ‘human’ was formed. The concept human is represented through a system of cultural codes and inter-code transitions. The linguistic database “The Concept Human in the Phraseology of Eastern-Steppe Ukrainian Dialects” was created, based on the ideographic, axiological, structural classification of phraseological units. The ideographic description of the concept human and the analysis of its secondary semiotic system are integrated. Koncepcja człowieka: nowe osiągnięcia i perspektywy. Iryna Harbera, "Movnoarealʹne pole kontseptu liudyna: Frazeokodovyĭ rivenʹ i linhvokompʹiuterne modeliuvannia" (TOV "Nilan-LTD", Vinnytsia 2018, ss. 170)Artykuł jest recenzją interesującej i znaczącej pracy, w której podsumowuje się cechy kwalifikacyjne konceptu we współczesnym paradygmacie językowym. W monografii opisano specyfikę słownego uprzedmiotowienia konceptu za pomocą środków frazeologii gwarowej i uporządkowano koncept człowieka we frazeologii stepowo-wschodnich dialektów ukraińskich. Utworzono korpus frazeologizmów stepowo-wschodnich dialektów ukraińskich z archisemem ‘człowiek’. Koncept człowieka przedstawiono poprzez system kodów kulturowych i przejść pomiędzy kodami. Językowa baza danych „Koncept człowieka we frazeologii stepowo-wschodnich dialektów ukraińskich” wzoruje się na ideograficznej, aksjologicznej i strukturalnej klasyfikacji frazeologizmów. Zintegrowano opis ideograficzny konceptu człowieka i analizę jego wtórnego systemu semiotycznego.
The Mythic Multiverse Through the Scope of Language: The “Procedural Anatomy” of Verbal Modelling
Authors: Kolesnyk Oleksandr
Published: October 2021

The Mythic Multiverse Through the Scope of Language: The “Procedural Anatomy” of Verbal ModellingThis article discusses the logical and cognitive premises of verbal world modelling and focuses on the phenomena of irrationally triggered categorization and myth-oriented semiosis as the fundamental mechanisms of construing alternative realities. The paper demonstrates the reconstruction of interpretative mythic axioms via the etymological analysis of the designations of WORLD in different Indo-European languages. The paper proposes a formal model of a possible world created on the basis of mythic concepts, in addition to a multi-vectored algorithm for the configuration of a possible world. The article also proposes a typology of possible worlds which constitute a “multiverse". The paper focuses on the patterns of logical operations and cognitive procedures responsible for secondary designation as “sense-creating" and “world-creating" acts. These patterns correspond to the functioning and interaction of open systems, while the sequence of operational steps follows the logic of assembling a functional construal. Mityczne multiwersum w świetle języka. "Anatomia proceduralna" modelowania werbalnegoAutor omawia logiczne i kognitywne przesłanki werbalnego modelowania świata i koncentruje się na zjawiskach irracjonalnie uruchamianej kategoryzacji, zorientowanej na mit semiozy jako podstawowego mechanizmu konstruowania alternatywnych rzeczywistości. Przedstawia rekonstrukcję interpretacyjnych aksjomatów mitycznych poprzez etymologiczną analizę desygnatów ŚWIATA w różnych językach indoeuropejskich. Proponuje formalny model świata możliwego stworzony na bazie pojęć mitycznych, a także wielowariantowy algorytm konfiguracji świata możliwego. Proponuje również typologię światów możliwych, które tworzą "multiwersum". Autor koncentruje się na wzorcach operacji logicznych i procedur poznawczych odpowiedzialnych za wtórne określanie aktów "sensotwórczych" i "światotwórczych". Te wzorce odpowiadają funkcjonowaniu i interakcji systemów otwartych, a sekwencja kroków operacyjnych jest zgodna z logiką składania konstrukcji funkcjonalnej.
The Cross-Cultural Understanding of Metaphors in the Information Technology Sphere
Authors: Mykhalchuk Natalia , Bihunova Svitozara , Fridrikh Alla , Vietrova Iryna
Published: October 2021

The Cross-Cultural Understanding of Metaphors in the Information Technology SphereThis paper analyses recent changes in cross-cultural communication concerning metaphor use and its functioning on the Internet, specifically in the information technology sphere.The paper outlines the academic literature and proposes a study that aims to evaluate users’ perception of IT metaphors. The study analyses reports and articles for IT users. The articles were profiled according to country and language, with a detailed analysis of English and Ukrainian examples. The paper reviews the relation between IT metaphors and their cognition, introducing a new conceptualization “A Computer as a Human Being”. The research seeks to provide evidence for the claim that understanding metaphors facilitates cross-cultural communication, whether universal or culturally-bounded.The results show the growing scale of the creation of new metaphors due to cross-cultural communication, especially in the IT sphere, and the importance of the cognitive functions of metaphors in a culturally and linguistically diverse environment. Międzykulturowe rozumienie metafor w sferze technologii informacyjnejAutorki analizują najnowsze zmiany w komunikacji międzykulturowej w zakresie użycia metafor oraz ich funkcjonowania w Internecie w zawężeniu do sfery technologii informacyjnych.Po przedstawieniu stanu badań zaproponowały analizy, których celem jest ocena postrzegania metafor informatycznych przez użytkowników. W badaniu przeanalizowano raporty i artykuły przeznaczone dla użytkowników IT. Autorki sprofilowały artykuły według kraju i języka. Następnie przeprowadziły szczegółową analizę przykładów angielskich i ukraińskich. Dokonały przeglądu relacji pomiędzy metaforami IT a ich poznaniem, wprowadzając nową konceptualizację: "Komputer jako istota ludzka". Przeprowadzone badania mają na celu dostarczenie dowodów na tezę, że rozumienie metafor ułatwia komunikację międzykulturową, zarówno uniwersalną, jak i ograniczoną kulturowo.Wyniki wskazują na rosnącą skalę tworzenia nowych metafor w wyniku komunikacji międzykulturowej, zwłaszcza w sferze IT, oraz na znaczenie funkcji poznawczych metafor w środowisku zróżnicowanym kulturowo i językowo.
Built-in Argument Positions in Bulgarian and Polish
Authors: Banasiak Jakub
Published: October 2021

Built-in Argument Positions in Bulgarian and PolishThe issue of built-in argument positions is not particularly popular in contemporary Slavic studies. However, some developments have occurred since the introduction of predicate-argument logic in semantic-syntactic studies. This paper focuses not only on theoretical developments but also on conclusions arising from the study of two Slavic languages: Bulgarian (an analytic language) and Polish (a synthetic language). Until now, the issue of incorporating an argument position in the form of a predicative expression has been viewed as a lexical issue. However, both lexical and morphological means can be used to express a type of proposition. The peculiarities of the distinction between word and sentence are also discussed. Wbudowane pozycje argumentowe w języku bułgarskim i polskimKwestia wbudowanych pozycji argumentowych nie jest szczególnie popularna we współczesnej slawistyce. Jednak od czasu wprowadzenia logiki predykatowo-argumentowej w badaniach semantyczno-składniowych nastąpiły pewne zmiany. W niniejszym artykule skupiono się nie tylko na opracowaniach teoretycznych, lecz również na wnioskach wynikających z badania dwóch języków słowiańskich: bułgarskiego (język analityczny) i polskiego (język syntetyczny). Dotychczas zjawisko wbudowania pozycji argumentowych w wyrażenie predykatywne było postrzegane jako zagadnienie leksykalne. Jednak zarówno środki leksykalne, jak i morfologiczne mogą służyć wyrażaniu pewnego typu propozycji. Omówiono również osobliwości rozróżnienia wyrazu od zdania.
Resource Mobilization for Global Surgery: Lessons Learned From US Government Appropriations Advocacy
Authors: Bouchard Megan E. , Sheneman Natalie , Nebeker Lismore , Nebeker Michael , Hey Matthew T. , Hoemeke Laura , Kolker HE Jimmy , Abdullah Fizan
Published: October 2021

The US Agency for International Development (USAID) receives directives and funding through the appropriation process, though until recently, global surgery was not included in its mission. Nevertheless, an estimated five billion people lack access to safe, timely, and affordable surgical care, in large part due to lack of economic resources. Using coalition-based advocacy, the G4 Alliance successfully developed and submitted language that was incorporated into the 2020 Appropriations report language, directing USAID to financially support global surgery. This has significant implications for global surgical investment, yet few advocates are aware of the 2020 Appropriations language, let alone how they can utilize it now to advance global surgery in their respective countries. Here, we describe how advocates navigate the US appropriations process and the ways USAID funds are obtained for the purposes of global health. We also highlight the importance of coalition-based advocacy and provide guidance in how to increase success.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children With Special Needs: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Mete Yesil Ayse , Sencan Buse , Omercioglu Emel , Ozmert Elif N.
Published: October 2021

Amid the COVID-19 crisis, children with special needs may have challenges. To determine emotional and behavioral challenges, 116 children aged 4 to 6 years, who received special education, were evaluated. COVID-19 negatively affected the families at a rate of 94.6%; 76.5% of the children’s daily routines were worsened. Although the one-on-one time duration with the mother and father increased (73.5% and 66.7%), reading books (40.6%), play (17.2%), and overall activity durations (25.7%) decreased. The median screen time increased from 1 to 3 hours. According to the families, there was a regression in development in 18.8% of children. Special education practices at home were ceased by 17.2% of families, and a significant difference was found between the groups with and without regression in development in terms of the frequency of continuing special education at home. The development of children with special needs is an ongoing urgent situation; thus, besides protecting and promoting physical health during the pandemic, families and children should also be supported for developmental needs.