bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale analysis of intrinsic disorder flavors and associated functions in the protein sequence universe
Authors: Necci Marco , Piovesan Damiano , Tosatto Silvio C. E.
Published: September 2016

Intrinsic disorder (ID) in proteins has been extensively described for the last decade; a large‐scale classification of ID in proteins is mostly missing. Here, we provide an extensive analysis of ID in the protein universe on the UniProt database derived from sequence‐based predictions in MobiDB. Almost half the sequences contain an ID region of at least five residues. About 9% of proteins have a long ID region of over 20 residues which are more abundant in Eukaryotic organisms and most frequently cover less than 20% of the sequence. A small subset of about 67,000 (out of over 80 million) proteins is fully disordered and mostly found in Viruses. Most proteins have only one ID, with short ID evenly distributed along the sequence and long ID overrepresented in the center. The charged residue composition of Das and Pappu was used to classify ID proteins by structural propensities and corresponding functional enrichment. Swollen Coils seem to be used mainly as structural components and in biosynthesis in both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. In Bacteria, they are confined in the nucleoid and in Viruses provide DNA binding function. Coils & Hairpins seem to be specialized in ribosome binding and methylation activities. Globules & Tadpoles bind antigens in Eukaryotes but are involved in killing other organisms and cytolysis in Bacteria. The Undefined class is used by Bacteria to bind toxic substances and mediate transport and movement between and within organisms in Viruses. Fully disordered proteins behave similarly, but are enriched for glycine residues and extracellular structures.
Solution‐dispersed CuO nanoparticles as anode buffer layer in inverted type hybrid organic solar cells
Authors: Sabri Nasehah Syamin , Yap Chi Chin , Yahaya Muhammad , Mat Salleh Muhamad , Hj Jumali Mohammad Hafizuddin
Published: September 2016

A solution‐dispersed copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles anode buffer layer has been investigated to improve the efficiency of inverted type hybrid organic solar cell (OSC) based on zinc oxide (ZnO)/poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with and without an electron acceptor, (6,6)‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The photoactive layer consisted of P3HT was spin‐coated onto the ZnO nanorod arrays that were grown on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The CuO nanopowders dissolved in 1‐butanol, ethanol, and 1‐propanol were then spin‐coated onto the photoactive layer, followed by the deposition of silver (Ag) using thermal evaporation technique. The contact angle measurements indicate that CuO nanopowders dispersed in 1‐butanol showed the highest wettability on the photoactive layer surface, which results in better photovoltaic performance compared to the other solvents (ethanol and 1‐propanol). For further investigation, the CuO anode buffer layer spin coating speed dependence of inverted type hybrid OSC based on ZnO/P3HT:PCBM was also studied. The CuO layer deposition on top of photoactive layer was optimized by using various spin coating speeds of 1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm. The optimum PCE of 2.24% was achieved at a spin coating speed of 2000 rpm, as a result of uniform and complete coverage of CuO on the photoactive layer.
Diagnosing atmospheric motion vector observation errors for an operational high‐resolution data assimilation system
Authors: Cordoba M. , Dance S. L. , Kelly G. A. , Nichols N. K. , Waller J. A.
Published: September 2016

Atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) are wind observations derived by tracking cloud or water‐vapour features in consecutive satellite images. These observations are incorporated into numerical weather prediction (NWP) through data assimilation. In the assimilation algorithm, the weighting given to an observation is determined by the uncertainty associated with its measurement and representation. Previous studies assessing AMV uncertainty have used direct comparisons between AMVs with collocated radiosonde data and AMVs derived from Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs). These have shown that AMV error is horizontally correlated with the characteristic length‐scale up to 200 km. In this work, we take an alternative approach and estimate AMV error variance and horizontal error correlation using background and analysis residuals obtained from the Met Office limited‐area, 3 km horizontal grid‐length data assimilation system. The results show that the observation‐error variance profile ranges from 5.2–14.1 s m2 s−2, with the highest values occurring at high and medium heights. This is indicative that the maximum error variance occurs where wind speed and shear, in combination, are largest. With the exception of AMVs derived from the High Resolution Visible channel, the results show horizontal observation‐error correlations at all heights in the atmosphere, with correlation length‐scales ranging between 140 and 200 km. These horizontal length‐scales are significantly larger than current AMV observation‐thinning distances used in the Met Office high‐resolution assimilation.
Communication Reliability Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Phased‐Mission Model
Authors: Wang Chaonan , Xing Liudong , Zonouz Amir Ehsani , Vokkarane Vinod M. , Sun Yan (Lindsay)
Published: September 2016

Communication reliability of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is essential to ensure the correct and reliable operation of the network. Two distinct communication paradigms exist in WSNs: infrastructure communication and application communication, and a practical communication task typically involves both types of communications. To the best of our knowledge, no reliability studies on WSNs have been dedicated to combining the two communication paradigms. In this paper, we advance the state‐of‐the‐art by proposing a phased‐mission framework to analyze the communication reliability of WSNs considering both infrastructure communication and application communication, as well as K‐coverage requirements. WSNs containing two types of sensor nodes (energy harvesting sensor nodes and battery‐powered sensor nodes) are modeled. Corresponding to the two types of sensor nodes, two different link reliability models are first presented. Binary decision diagram (BDD) based algorithms are then developed for the phased‐mission communication reliability analysis of WSNs. Case studies are given to illustrate the application of the proposed algorithms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust controller design for input‐delayed systems using predictive feedback and an uncertainty estimator
Authors: Sanz Ricardo , Garcia Pedro , Albertos Pedro , Zhong Qing‐Chang
Published: September 2016

This paper deals with the problem of stabilizing a class of input‐delayed systems with (possibly) nonlinear uncertainties by using explicit delay compensation. It is well known that plain predictive schemes lack robustness with respect to uncertain model parameters. In this work, an uncertainty estimator is derived for input‐delay systems and combined with a modified state predictor, which uses current available information of the estimated uncertainties. Furthermore, based on Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, a computable criterion to check robust stability of the closed‐loop is developed and cast into a minimization problem constrained to an LMI. Additionally, for a given input delay, an iterative‐LMI algorithm is proposed to design stabilizing tuning parameters. The main results are illustrated and validated using a numerical example with a second‐order dynamic system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of a robust receiver for chaotic switching maps of DC‐DC power electronics transmitter converters for secure communication
Authors: Thukral Manish Kumar , Sherpa Karma Sonam , Garg Kumkum
Published: September 2016

This paper aims to open a new vista of research in the direction of possible application of power electronics DC‐DC converters in analog chaotic communication. Most of the work reported on analog chaotic communication is based on the pioneer work of Pecora and Caroll, with synchronization between transmitter and receiver. Receiver based on synchronization, also known as coherent receiver, has a disadvantage of parameter mismatch and is sensitive to noise. In the present work, firstly, a secure transmitter using chaotic DC‐DC converters is proposed that encrypts information using chaotic switching map technique. In chaotic switching map technique, the message is encrypted by randomly switching from one chaotic converter to another. The bifurcation parameter of the randomly switched chaotic converter is modulated by the message. Secondly, an attempt has been made to design a robust non‐coherent receiver that is adaptable to the switching chaotic transmitters, even in the presence of noise. Once the receiver identifies the chaotic converter, it can decode the message as per the decryption algorithm. With the proposed non‐coherent receiver, the disadvantages of coherent receivers can be overcome. We have also devised a prototype smart meter, used in smart distribution grid for implementing the proposed communication technique. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphene and Graphene‐Based Composites: A Rising Star in Water Purification ‐ A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Gandhi Muniyappan Rajiv , Vasudevan Subramanyan , Shibayama Atsushi , Yamada Manabu
Published: September 2016

Graphene is an interesting two‐dimensional carbon sheet possessing single‐layered atom thickness that confers unique physical and chemical properties. The pristine graphene sheets have some limited applications in water purification, but the modification of graphene into the graphene composite by the incorporation of some functional groups or nanoparticles on the surface extensively increases its environmental applications. Recently, graphene nanocomposites have found to show very promising applications in all types of water purification. The present review highlights the recent developments in the applications of graphene and graphene‐based composites as adsorbent, catalyst, photocatalyst, electrocatalyst, photoelectrocatalyst, and disinfection and desalination agent in comprehensive water purification systems. We primarily focus on the environmental engineering applications of graphene nanocomposites as sorbent materials for the elimination of toxic inorganic (cationic and anionic), organic, and mixed/multiple pollutants, and as catalysts for the degradation of toxic organic contaminants using catalytic oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, electrocatalytic oxidation, and photoelectrocatalytic oxidation. We have also discussed the use and feasibility of graphene nanocomposites in water disinfection and desalination. Finally, the future challenges and perspectives are discussed.
Examining the Nature and Effects of Psychological Contract: Case Study of an Indian Organization
Authors: Agarwal Upasna A , Gupta Rajen K.
Published: September 2016

This study investigates psychological contract contents and the effects of different types of psychological contracts on the work outcomes of employees in an Indian organization. Analysis of case study interviews and secondary data suggests that employee expectations can be categorized into relational and transactional psychological contracts. The contents of these contracts, while largely similar to those in the West, reflected certain aspects that are unique to the sociocultural context of employment relationships in India. Further, the fulfillment or breach of these psychological contracts led to different effects on work outcomes. Relational psychological contracts affected long‐term affective work outcomes, such as prosocial work behaviors, psychological ownership, and engagement. Transactional psychological contracts had stronger effects on turnover intentions and attitude to work. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrated modeling in urban hydrology: reviewing the role of monitoring technology in overcoming the issue of ‘big data’ requirements
Authors: Hutchins Michael G. , McGrane Scott J. , Miller James D. , Hagen‐Zanker Alex , Kjeldsen Thomas R. , Dadson Simon J. , Rowland Clare S.
Published: September 2016

Increasingly, the application of models in urban hydrology has undergone a shift toward integrated structures that recognize the interconnected nature of the urban landscape and both the natural and engineered water cycles. Improvements in computational processing during the past few decades have enabled the application of multiple, connected model structures that link previously disparate systems together, incorporating feedbacks and connections. Many applications of integrated models look to assess the impacts of environmental change on physical dynamics and quality of landscapes. Whilst these integrated structures provide a more robust representation of natural dynamics, they often place considerable data requirements on the user, whereby data are required at contrasting spatial and temporal scales which can often transcend multiple disciplines. Concomitantly, our ability to observe complex, natural phenomena at contrasting scales has improved considerably with the advent of increasingly novel monitoring technologies. This has provided a pathway for reducing model uncertainty and improving our confidence in modeled outputs by implementing suitable monitoring regimes. This commentary assesses how component models of an exemplar integrated model have advanced over the past few decades, with a critical focus on the role of monitoring technologies that have enabled better identification of the key physical process. This reduces the uncertainty of processes at contrasting spatial and temporal scales, through a better characterization of feedbacks which then enhances the utility of integrated model applications. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1177. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1177

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Methods
Economic influences on trapper participation and per capita harvest of muskrat
Authors: Ahlers Adam A. , Heske Edward J. , Miller Craig A.
Published: September 2016

Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) populations in North America appear in decline in parts of their geographic range, prompting in‐depth investigations into population trends. However, long‐term data on muskrat population abundance are rare and managers often rely on harvest data to track relative changes in population sizes. These data are likely biased by factors that influence trapper participation and effort and, if left unidentified and uncontrolled for, may provide misleading indices of muskrat abundance. Using 36 years (1976–2011) of detailed muskrat‐harvest information from Illinois, USA, we estimated the relative importance of economic factors to trapper participation and annual per capita muskrat harvest. As expected, annual muskrat harvest was positively correlated with the number of individuals participating in muskrat trapping. Participation in muskrat trapping was associated positively with pelt and gas prices and negatively with the unemployment rate during the trapping season (R2 = 0.76). Variance partitioning within our most‐supported model revealed that pelt prices, independent of gasoline prices and unemployment rates, was the most important predictor of muskrat trapper participation. Our only supported model of per capita muskrat harvest indicated that gasoline prices negatively influenced the number of muskrats harvested per trapper each year (r2 = 0.17). Remaining unexplained variation in this model may be due to factors affecting muskrat availability (e.g., muskrat abundance, access to good‐quality trapping areas) to trappers and may be useful for managers investigating population trends. We recommend that future investigations using muskrat harvest data, at minimum, statistically adjust for the strong positive effect of pelt prices. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Chronic Inguinal Pain After Kidney Transplantation, a Common and Underexposed Problem
Authors: Zorgdrager Marcel , Lange Johan. F. M. , Krikke Christina. , Nieuwenhuijs Gertrude. J. , Hofker Sybrand. H. , Leuvenink Henri. G. D. , Pol Robert A.
Published: September 2016

Background

The incidence and impact of chronic inguinal pain after kidney transplantation is not clearly established. A high incidence of pain after inguinal hernia repair, a comparable surgical procedure, suggests an underexposed problem.

Methods

Between 2011 and 2013, 403 consecutive patients who underwent kidney transplantation were invited to complete the Caroline Comfort Scale (CCS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in order to assess the incidence of chronic inguinal pain and movement disabilities, complemented by questions regarding comorbidity during follow‐up.

Results

The response rate was 58 % (n = 199) with a median follow‐up of 22 months (IQR 12–30). In total, 90 patients (45 %) reported a CCS > 0 and 64 patients (32 %) experienced at least mild but bothersome complaints. Most inguinal complaints were reported during bending over and walking with a mean CCS score of 1.1 (SD ± 2.2) and 1.2 (SD ± 2.4), respectively. A high body mass index (BMI), delayed graft function, and the need for a second operation were associated with a higher CCS score on univariate analysis. Using multivariate analysis, only BMI (p = 0.02) was considered an independent risk factor for chronic inguinal pain.

Conclusions

The incidence of chronic inguinal pain is a common though underexposed complication after kidney transplantation. More awareness to prevent neuropathic pain seems indicated.
QTLs for oil yield components in an elite oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cross
Authors: Seng Tzer-Ying , Ritter Enrique , Mohamed Saad Siti Hawa , Leao Ling-Jiun , Harminder Singh Rajinder Singh , Qamaruz Zaman Faridah , Tan Soon-Guan , Syed Alwee Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah , Rao Vengeta
Published: September 2016

Increased modern farming of superior types of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., which has naturally efficient oil biosynthesis, has made it the world’s foremost edible oil crop. Breeding improvement is, however, circumscribed by time and costs associated with the tree’s long reproductive cycle, large size and 10–15 years of field testing. Marker-assisted breeding has considerable potential for improving this crop. Towards this, quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to oil yield component traits were mapped in a high-yield population. In total, 164 QTLs associated with 21 oil yield component traits were discovered, with cumulative QTL effects increasing in tandem with the number of QTL markers and matching the QT+ alleles for each trait. The QTLs confirmed all traits to be polygenic, with many genes of individual small effects on independent loci, but epistatic interactions are not ruled out. Furthermore, several QTLs maybe pleiotropic as suggested by QTL clustering of inter-related traits on almost all linkage groups. Certain regions of the chromosomes seem richer in the genes affecting a particular yield component trait and likely encompass pleiotropic, epistatic and heterotic effects. A large proportion of the identified additive effects from QTLs may actually arise from genic interactions between loci. Comparisons with previous mapping studies show that most of the QTLs were for similar traits and shared similar marker intervals on the same linkage groups. Practical applications for such QTLs in marker-assisted breeding will require seeking them out in different genetic backgrounds and environments.
Multiple independent sampling within medical school admission interviewing: an “intermediate approach”
Authors: Hanson Mark D. , Woods Nicole N. , Martimianakis Maria Athina , Rasasingham Raj , Kulasegaram Kulamakan
Published: September 2016

Introduction Balancing reliability and resource limitations as well as recruitment activities during admission interviews is a challenge for many medical schools. The Modified Personal Interview (MPI) has been shown to have good psychometric properties while being resource efficient for specialized admission interviews. We describe implementation of an MPI adaptation integrating psychometric rigour alongside resourcing and recruitment goals for larger-scale medical school admission interviewing at the University of Toronto.

Methods The MPI was implemented during the 2013–2014 admission cycle. The MPI uses multiple independent sampling by having applicants interviewed in a circuit of four brief semi-structured interviews. Recruitment is reflected in a longer MPI interviewing time to foster a ‘human touch’. Psychometric evaluation includes generalizability studies to examine inter-interview reliability and other major sources of error variance. We evaluated MPI impact upon applicant recruitment yield and resourcing.

Results MPI reliability is 0.56. MPI implementation maintained recruitment compared with previous year. MPI implementation required 160 interviewers for 600 applicants whereas for pre-MPI implementation 290 interviewers were required to interview 587 applicants. MPI score correlated with first year OSCE performance at 0.30 (p < 0.05).

Discussion MPI reliability is measured at 0.56 alongside enhanced resource utilization and maintenance of recruitment yield. This ‘intermediate approach’ may enable broader institutional uptake of integrated multiple independent sampling-based admission interviewing within institution-specific resourcing and recruitment goals.
Adolescent stalking and risk of violence
Authors: Smith‐Darden Joanne P. , Reidy Dennis E. , Kernsmith Poco D.
Published: September 2016

Stalking perpetration and the associated risk for violence among adolescents has generally been neglected. In the present study, 1236 youth completed surveys assessing empirically established stalking indicators, threats and aggression toward stalking victims, dating violence, and violent delinquency. Latent Profile Analysis identified 3 latent classes of boys: non‐perpetrators (NP), hyper‐intimate pursuit (HIP), and comprehensive stalking perpetrators (CSP) and, and 2 classes for girls: NP and HIP. Boys in the CSP class were the most violent youth on nearly all indices with boys in the HIP class demonstrating an intermediate level of violence compared to NP boys. Girls in the HIP class were more violent than NP girls on all indices. These findings suggest stalking in adolescence merits attention by violence prevention experts. In particular, juvenile stalking may signify youth at risk for multiple forms of violence perpetrated against multiple types of victims, not just the object of their infatuation.
Boundary-degenerate elliptic operators and Hölder continuity for solutions to variational equations and inequalities
Authors: Feehan Paul M.N. , Pop Camelia A.
Published: September 2016

We prove local supremum bounds, a Harnack inequality, Hölder continuity up to the boundary, and a strong maximum principle for solutions to a variational equation defined by an elliptic operator which becomes degenerate along a portion of the domain boundary and where no boundary condition is prescribed, regardless of the sign of the Fichera function. In addition, we prove Hölder continuity up to the boundary for solutions to variational inequalities defined by this boundary-degenerate elliptic operator.
Middle age self‐report risk score predicts cognitive functioning and dementia in 20–40 years
Authors: Vuoksimaa Eero , Rinne Juha O. , Lindgren Noora , Heikkilä Kauko , Koskenvuo Markku , Kaprio Jaakko
Published: September 2016

Introduction

On the basis of the proxy measures of cognitive reserve, we created a middle age self‐report risk score for early prediction of dementia.

Methods

We used a longitudinal population‐based study of 2602 individuals with a replication sample (N = 1011). Risk score at a mean age of 47 years was based on questions on educational and occupational attainments. Cognitive status at a mean age of 74 was determined via two validated telephone instruments.

Results

The prevalence of dementia was 10% after a mean follow‐up of 28 years. Risk score was a good predictor of dementia: area under the curve = 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.80). The risk of dementia decreased as a function of risk score from 36% to 0%. The risk score was significantly associated with cognition after a mean follow‐up of 39 years in the replication sample.

Discussion

Self‐report risk score predicted cognitive functioning and dementia risk 20–40 years later.
El cabotaje marítimo en la cadena de suministros agrícola de Puerto Rico
Authors: Suárez-Gómez William , Ayala-Cruz Jorge
Published: September 2016

El presente estudio examina el efecto multidimensional del cabotaje marítimo que regula el transporte marítimo entre los mercados de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y Puerto Rico. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los efectos que esta medida no tarifaria tiene sobre el sector agroindustrial en Puerto Rico. La metodología de investigación consistió de entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de datos secundarios de los rubros agrícolas de mayor importación. Los resultados obtenidos concluyen que es la interacción de medidas no tarifarias inherentes a la relación comercial entre ambos países que incide en la eficiencia y competitividad del sector agroindustrial en Puerto Rico.
Clinical presentation of inflammatory bowel disease in Saudi children (Single centre experience)
Authors: Alreheili K. , Almehaidib A. , Banemi M. , Aldekhail W. , Alsaleem K.
Published: September 2016

Background and Objectives:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and indeterminate colitis (IC). IBD is a disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with frequent relapse and remission courses. There is limited information regarding this disease in Saudi children, despite a rising worldwide incidence of IBD. We aim to study the clinical and demographic characteristics of Saudi children diagnosed with IBD at time of presentation. diagnosis, disease localization, and growth of pediatric IBD patients were compared with international data.

Patients and methods:

In this retrospective study, charts of all children under the age of 14 years who were diagnosed with IBD and received follow-up at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) from January 2001 to December 2011 were reviewed.

Results:

Sixty-six children were diagnosed with IBD; 36 (54.5%) had Crohn's disease (CD), 27 (41%) had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 3 (4.5%) had indeterminate colitis (IC). A male predominance was demonstrated in both CD (61%) and UC (56.6%). The mean age at diagnosis was 9.3, 7.3, and 7.5 years in CD, UCand IC, respectively. A positive family history was found in 19.7% of all patients. The most common presenting symptoms were diarrhea (89.4%), rectal bleeding (75.8%), and abdominal pain (62%). The most common site affected in CD was the ileocolonic region (41.6%) while pancolitis was predominant in UC (74.1%).

Conclusions:

CD is the most prevalent form of IBD in Saudi children. Male predominance and a high rate of growth failure were documented in children with CD. Clinical presentation, family history, and disease localization are comparable to international data.
Performance of isolated and folded footings
Authors: El-kady Mahmoud Samir , Badrawi Essam Farouk
Published: September 2016

Folded foundations have been used as an alternative to the conventional flat shallow foundations, in situations involving heavy loads or weak soils. They can be geometrically shaped in many forms especially for isolated footings. The purpose of this paper is introducing an alternative foundation shape that reduces the cost of foundations by reducing the amount of reinforcing steel by minimizing or even eliminating the tension zones in the folded isolated footings. Also, achieving lower soil stresses through changing the isolated footing shape will consequently reduce the expected settlements and the footing stresses. Experimental and numerical studies are performed on five (5) quarter scale footings of which one (1) footing of flat shape is tested as a reference sample and four (4) footings are of folded shape by folding angles of 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40° with the horizontal. Results showed that the folded isolated footings achieve economic design by decreasing the quantities of reinforcement. It also induced less soil settlements, and stresses. In addition, the tensile stresses in the reinforced concrete footing body are also less in folded isolated footings than the flat one. Results show that the folded isolated footing have a better load carrying capacity when compared with the conventional slab/flat footing of similar cross sectional area for both cases of experimental and numerical analysis.

Highlights The purpose of this paper is achieving lower soil stresses through changing the isolated footing shape will consequently reduce the expected settlements and the footing stresses resulting from differential settlements. Experimental and numerical studies are perform using five (5) quarter scale footings of which one (1) footing of flat shape as a reference sample and four (4) footings are of folded shape by a folding angles of 10, 20, 30, and 40 degrees with the horizontal. The most effective and preferable value of the folding angle (?), is equal to 30 degrees. Good agreement is reached between the experimental and numerical results. Results showed that the maximum tensile stresses in steel bars decreased by about 48% for folded isolated footing case when compared with conventional flat ones
Submuscular Abdominal Wall Placement of IPP Reservoir
Authors: Hakky Tariq S. , Kohn Taylor P. , Ramasamy Ranjith
Published: September 2016

The Surgical Techniques Section is sponsored in part by Coloplast
Frecuencia de rasgos de depresión en médicos internos de pregrado del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Mexicali, Baja California
Authors: Palmer-Morales Yusvisaret , Prince-Vélez Roberto , Medina-Ramírez Ma Concepción Rosa , López-Palmer Daniel Alexis
Published: September 2016

Introducción: Los médicos internos de pregrado (MIPS), son propensos a sufrir trastornos de depresión. Traduciéndose en apatía, distraimiento, aislamiento, agresividad o cinismo y a una deficiente atención de los pacientes.
Objetivo: Conocer la frecuencia de rasgos de depresión en médicos internos de pregrado del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en Mexicali, Baja California.
Método: Estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en el Hospital General de Zona n.◦ 30 del IMSS, Mexicali, Baja California, universo de trabajo MIPS de la institución. Criterios de inclusión: MIPS adscritos al Hospital General de Zona n.◦ 30, que aceptaran participar en el estudio. Criterios de exclusión: que estuvieran en tratamiento psiquiátrico, de vacaciones, incapacitados o ausentes el día que se les aplicó la escala de evaluación. Se consideraron los aspectos éticos,  por medio de una carta de consentimiento informado. Instrumento de medición: escala de autoevaluación para la depresión de Zung. Análisis estadístico: medidas descriptivas de tendencia central, dispersión. Programa estadístico SPSS 20.
Resultados: Se estudiaron a 70 MIPS, correspondiendo 38 (54.3%) al sexo femenino, el promedio de edad fue de 24.3±1.9, con una mínima 22, máxima 36 a˜nos (IC 95% 23.83 a 24.77). El sexo femenino fue el más frecuente con rasgos de depresión 14(20%) y durante la rotación por gineco-obstetricia 7(10%). Los MIPS de las universidades participantes fueron: Autónoma de Baja California 58(82.9%), Xochicalco (CEUX) 11(15.71%) y Sinaloa (UAS) 1(1.42%). La depresión mínima se presentó en 13(18.6%), depresión moderada en 7(10%) y 0% en depresión severa. La frecuencia de rasgos de depresión fue de 20 (28.6%).
Conclusiones: La frecuencia de rasgos de depresión en los MIPS fue de 20 (28.6%), predominando la depresión mínima.
Non-Darcy effects in fracture flows of a yield stress fluid
Authors: Roustaei A. , Chevalier T. , Talon L. , Frigaard I. A.
Published: September 2016

We study non-inertial flows of single-phase yield stress fluids along uneven/rough-walled channels, e.g. approximating a fracture, with two main objectives. First, we re-examine the usual approaches to providing a (nonlinear) Darcy-type flow law and show that significant errors arise due to self-selection of the flowing region/fouling of the walls. This is a new type of non-Darcy effect not previously explored in depth. Second, we study the details of flow as the limiting pressure gradient is approached, deriving approximate expressions for the limiting pressure gradient valid over a range of different geometries. Our approach is computational, solving the two-dimensional Stokes problem along the fracture, then upscaling. The computations also reveal interesting features of the flow for more complex fracture geometries, providing hints about how to extend Darcy-type approaches effectively.
Multi-particle dispersion during entrainment in turbulent free-shear flows
Authors: Watanabe Tomoaki , da Silva Carlos B. , Nagata Koji
Published: September 2016

Multi-particle dispersion is studied using direct numerical simulations of temporally evolving mixing layers and planar jets for tetrahedra consisting of four fluid particles which are seeded in the turbulent regions or in the non-turbulent regions near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI). The modified Richardson law for decaying turbulence is observed for particle pairs. The size dependence of the mean and relative motions of the entrained tetrahedra indicates that the characteristic length scale of the entrained lumps of fluid is approximately 10 times the Kolmogorov microscale. When the tetrahedra move within the TNTI layer they are flattened and elongated by vortex stretching at a deformation rate that is characterized by the Kolmogorov time scale. The shape evolutions of the tetrahedra show that in free-shear flows, thin-slab structures of advected scalars are generated within the TNTI layers.
An improved macroscale model for gas slip flow in porous media
Authors: Lasseux Didier , Valdés Parada Francisco J. , Porter Mark L.
Published: September 2016

We report on a refined macroscopic model for slightly compressible gas slip flow in porous media developed by upscaling the pore-scale boundary value problem. The macroscopic model is validated by comparisons with an analytic solution on a two-dimensional (2-D) ordered model structure and with direct numerical simulations on random microscale structures. The symmetry properties of the apparent slip-corrected permeability tensor in the macroscale momentum equation are analysed. Slip correction at the macroscopic scale is more accurately described if an expansion in the Knudsen number, beyond the first order considered so far, is employed at the closure level. Corrective terms beyond the first order are a signature of the curvature of solid–fluid interfaces at the pore scale that is incompletely captured by the classical first-order correction at the macroscale. With this expansion, the apparent slip-corrected permeability is shown to be the sum of the classical intrinsic permeability tensor and tensorial slip corrections at the successive orders of the Knudsen number. All the tensorial effective coefficients can be determined from intrinsic and coupled but easy-to-solve closure problems. It is further shown that the complete form of the slip boundary condition at the microscale must be considered and an important general feature of this slip condition at the different orders in the Knudsen number is highlighted. It justifies the importance of slip-flow correction terms beyond the first order in the Knudsen number in the macroscopic model and sheds more light on the physics of slip flow in the general case, especially for large porosity values. Nevertheless, this new nonlinear dependence of the apparent permeability with the Knudsen number should be further verified experimentally.
Inertial–Alfvén waves as columnar helices in planetary cores
Authors: Bardsley O. P. , Davidson P. A.
Published: September 2016

We consider a rapidly rotating, Boussinesq fluid stirred by buoyant anomalies. In such a system it is known that, in the absence of a magnetic field, inertial waves whose wave vectors lie normal to the rotation axis play a key role in establishing quasi-geostrophic motion. In particular, buoyant anomalies radiate low-frequency inertial wave packets which disperse along the rotation axis, leading to axially elongated columnar vortices. Here we focus on the influence of an ambient magnetic field on this process, motivated by the dynamics of planetary cores. We find that, once again, the waves responsible for establishing quasi-geostrophic structures have wave vectors normal to the rotation axis; however, these are not conventional inertial waves, but rather hybrid ‘inertial–Alfvén waves’. Their frequency equals that of an Alfvén wave but their axial group velocity is half that of the equivalent inertial wave. They have maximal kinetic, magnetic and cross-helicity, carry magnetic and kinetic energy in equal amounts, and are particularly potent in establishing columnar, helical vortices through the spontaneous emission of axially elongated wave packets. Although our hybrid inertial–Alfvén waves have been overlooked in dynamo literature to date, we speculate that they in fact play a central role in planetary dynamos.
The Primacy of Institutional Explanation of Chinese Outward FDI: Is It Understated or Overstated?
Authors: Cui Lin
Published: September 2016

An institutional perspective has been increasingly adopted in recent studies to explain various aspects of internationalization activities of firms from emerging economies (Meyer & Peng, 2016; Peng, Wang, & Jiang, 2008), particularly China (Cui & Jiang, 2012; Morck, Yeung, & Zhao, 2008). Scholars often claim that the role of institutions in emerging economy firms’ internationalization isunderstated, hence more research is needed. In this commentary, which reflects on the intended contributions and theoretical and empirical issues of Buckley, Yu, Liu, Munjal, and Tao (2016), I aim to extend a discussion on whether and when such institutional explanations can beoverstated. I focus on three issues: (1) conceptualization of institutions, (2) theorizing institutional effects, and (3) testing institutional effects. On each of these issues, I start by providing an overview of some common challenges in the literature. I then focus specifically on the paper as an illustration of how some of these challenges may be manifested. This is then followed by some recommendations for future research. Overall, I argue that pitfalls related to the conceptualization, theorizing and testing of institutional effects can lead researchers to overstate the institutional effects on firm strategic behaviors. These pitfalls can be avoided if researchers clarify the theoretical boundary of the institutional argument they adopt, properly model the institutional effects while taking into consideration other theoretically relevant constructs and mechanisms, and employ empirical design to overcome measurement errors and selection biases when testing not only the statistical significance, but also substantive (economic) significance of institutional effects.
Management and Organization Review Special Issue ‘Coopetition and Innovation in Transforming Economies’
Authors: Barney Jay B. , Dagnino Giovanni Battista , Corte Valentina Della , Tsang Eric W.K.
Published: September 2016

This Management and Organization Review (MOR) special issue on ‘Coopetition and Innovation in Transforming Economies’ aims to explore key features of the strategic relationship between coopetition and innovation in transforming economies. It is generally accepted that innovation can be a fundamental driver for economic growth, new sources of employment, and dwindling economic disparity. However, increasingly activities of innovation no longer take place primarily within the firm but are often the outcome of the overall set of relationships of the firm. The two phenomena of competition and cooperation have become more and more inter-related, thus creating new opportunities, affecting innovation and change. This reality is of special interest in the context of transforming economies’ transition to higher value adding economic growth and development due to, for example, the specific moderating or mediating role of national cultures and philosophical inspiration (e.g., Taoism, Confucianism, Hinduism, and Buddhism) in shaping the coopetitive mindset (Dagnino, Di Guardo, & Padula, 2012) and the potential differentiation between countries and regional ecologies.
Introduction: tectonic evolution and mechanics of basement-involved fold-and-thrust belts
Authors: LACOMBE OLIVIER , RUH JONAS , BROWN DENNIS , NILFOUROUSHAN FARAMARZ
Published: September 2016

Defining the structural style of fold-and-thrust belts is an important step for understanding the factors that control their long- and short-term dynamics, for comprehending seismic hazard associated with them, and for assessing their economic potential. While the thin-skinned model (no basement involvement) has long been the driving methodology for cross section construction and restoration of foreland fold-and-thrust belts, a wealth of new geological and geophysical studies have shown that they are often thick-skinned, that is, basement-involved.
AELIUS ARISTIDES AS TEACHER
Authors: Sánchez Hernández Juan Pablo
Published: September 2016

Education was the core activity of the Greek sophists, the πεπαιδευμένοι or ‘those who have received an education’, during the Roman period. Publius Aelius Aristides (c.117–180ce) is by far the best known of them. He studied under the grammarian Alexander of Cotiaeum, received additional training from the sophists Polemo and Herodes Atticus, and then made a successful speaking tour through Asia Minor and Egypt. Aristides’ career seemed assured, with his good connections among the Roman intelligentsia, but a serious illness struck him on his way to the imperial capital. A series of health issues led him to a long period of convalescence at the Asklepieion at Pergamum until 147, which he combined afterwards with stays and brief appearances at Smyrna and other cities. It is therefore commonly believed that his career failed because of his poor health and also because he disliked teaching and performing in public. Aristides would rather be a pure lover of speeches, concerned with his literary afterlife and devoted to the production of exemplary speeches for future generations (especially after his retirement in 170), as he maintained at the end of hisSacred Tales(Or.47–52): ‘it is more important for me to revise some things which I have written; for I must converse with posterity’.
Greek Literature
Authors: Heath Malcolm
Published: September 2016

Let us begin, as is proper, with the gods rich in praise – or, more precisely, with The Gods Rich in Praise, one of three strikingly good monographs based on doctoral theses that will appear in this set of reviews. Christopher Metcalf examines the relations between early Greek poetry and the ancient Near East, focusing primarily on hymnic poetry. This type of poetry has multiple advantages: there is ample primary material, it displays formal conservatism, and there are demonstrable lines of translation and adaptation linking Sumerian, Akkadian, and Hittite texts. The Near Eastern material is presented in the first three chapters; four chapters examine early Greek poetry. Two formal aspects are selected for analysis (hymnic openings and negative predication), and two particular passages: the birth of Aphrodite in Theogony 195–206, and the mention of a dream interpreter in Iliad 1.62–4. In this last case, Metcalf acknowledges the possibility of transmission, while emphasizing the process of ‘continuous adaptation and reinterpretation’ (225) that lie behind the Homeric re-contextualization. In general, though, his detailed analyses tend to undermine the ‘argument by accumulation’ by which West and others have tried to demonstrate profound and extensive Eastern influence on early Greek poetry. Metcalf finds no evidence for formal influence: ‘in the case of hymns, Near Eastern influence on early Greek poetry was punctual (i.e. restricted to particular points) at the most, but certainly not pervasive’ (3). His carefully argued case deserves serious attention.
Reception
Authors: Harloe Katherine , Paul Joanna
Published: September 2016

Does the discipline of classical reception studies shirk questions of distinctiveness and value? Such is the gauntlet thrown down by Michael Silk, Ingo Gildenhard, and Rosemary Barrow in their 2014 magnum opus,The Classical Tradition. Full consideration of this important work must be reserved for a later issue. It is nonetheless worth rehearsing its opening distinction between ‘the classical tradition’ and ‘reception’, since thinking about it has informed our reading of a number of the books reviewed below.
The Value and Disvalue of Consciousness
Authors: GLANNON WALTER
Published: September 2016

Consciousness defines us as persons. It allows us to have both pleasurable and painful experiences. I present four neurological conditions in the clinical setting to explore how consciousness can be beneficial or harmful to patients: intraoperative awareness, prolonged disorders of consciousness, locked-in syndrome, and the effects of narcotics and sedation on terminally ill patients. The ethical significance of consciousness for patients in these conditions depends on two factors: the content of one’s experience and whether one can report this content to others. I argue that the value or disvalue of phenomenal consciousness, what it is like to be aware, may depend on its relation to access consciousness, the ability to report or communicate the content of awareness. Phenomenal consciousness can have disvalue when one wants or expects to be unconscious. It can also have disvalue in the absence of access consciousness because it can allow the patient to experience pain and suffer. Technology that enabled neurologically compromised patients to reliably communicate their experience and wishes could benefit and prevent harm to them. More generally, the neurological conditions I discuss raise the question of when and in what respects consciousness is preferable to unconsciousness.
Dementia, Advance Directives, and Discontinuity of Personality
Authors: DEMARCO JOSEPH P. , LIPUMA SAMUEL H.
Published: September 2016

We argue that an advance directive (AD) is not invalidated by personality changes in dementia, as is claimed by Rebecca Dresser. The claim is that a new person results under such personality changes, and that the former person cannot write an AD for the new person. After stating the argument against ADs in cases of dementia, we provide a detailed examination of empirical studies of personality changes in dementia. This evidence, though not strong due mainly to low sample sizes and different notions of personal identity, does not support Dresser’s position. Given the weakness in the empirical evidence, we turn to a philosophical defense of ADs based on a social contract view supporting the current interests of those writing ADs. Additionally, we argue that personality change is not equivalent to change in personal identity, as would be required by the argument against ADs in cases of dementia.
Commentary: Dealing with the Aftermath
Authors: Agid Yves
Published: September 2016

In 2006, our team reported our experience in the use of bilateral high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with severe levodopa-responsive forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD).1 The aim was to better understand and manage the difficulties experienced by patients who undergo neurosurgery, and by their families.
Progress in BPSD research: analyzing individual BPSD might hold the key to better support caregivers
Authors: Lautenschlager Nicola T.
Published: September 2016

Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) or neuropsychiatric symptoms occur in more or less every person with dementia at some stage during the illness. They often have a significant impact on caregiver well-being and vice versa – caregivers response to BPSD can impact on the well-being of the care recipient with dementia (Feast et al., 2016A). The relationship between caregiver and care-recipient factors when it comes to BPSD is complex and more detailed research is needed to be able to progress to more effective interventions and support.