bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Algoritma Merkle-Hellman Knapsack dalam Penyandian Record Database
Authors: Rahmadani Reni , Hutahaean Harvei Desmon , Sari Ressy Dwitias
Published: October 2021

A lot of data is misused without the data owner being aware of it. Software developers must ensure the security user data on their system. Due to the size of the market that houses data, the security of record databases must be of great concern. Cryptographic systems or data encryption can be used for data security. The Merkle-Hellman Knapsack algorithm is included in public-key cryptography because it uses different keys for the encryption and decryption processes. This algorithm belongs to the NP-complete algorithm which cannot be solved in polynomial order time. This algorithm has stages of key generation, encryption, and decryption. The results of this study secure database records from theft by storing records in the form of ciphertext/password. Ciphertext generated by algorithmic encryption has a larger size than plaintext.
Feminización de la Carrera de Medicina: Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Iberoamérica 1995-2015
Authors: Calvo Fonseca María del Rosario , Padilla Cuadra Juan Ignacio
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Las desigualdades en el acceso a la educación superior se deben a actores geográficos, económicos-sociales, religiosos, étnicos y género. La carrera de medicina ha mostrado recientemente una tendencia al predominio del sexo femenino entre sus estudiantes y graduados, fenómeno denominado feminización de esta carrera.
Assessment on spatial extent of arid and semi-arid climatic zones of India using GIS
Authors: NISHA SAHU  , G. P. OBI REDDY  , B. DASH  , NIRMAL KUMAR  , S. K. SINGH
Published: October 2021

In this study, a quantitative assessment of spatial extent of arid and semi-arid climatic zones of India was performed for the period from 1988 to 2018 using potential evapo-transpiration (PET) calculated by Modified Penman Method, estimated from global climate data sets. Climatic water balances computed for 625 stations across the country are used for classifying to bio-climate types based on moisture index and areas falling under arid climatic zones in India are delineated using ArcGIS 10.5. It was noticed a considerable changes in the country’s arid and semi-arid climatic zones between the two periods; 1992 and 2018. Overall, there has been a net percent change in hyper arid, typic arid and semi arid (dry) areas is 5.62, 1.62 and 7.17 percent, respectively. Dryness and wetness are increasing in different parts of the country. There is also change in rainfall, PET and moisture index over a period of time which is vital to determine aridity pattern of any region. Thus, results are of great significance for studying the assessment of temporal and spatial dry climatic water balance of India, which can help immensely in the management of water resources and sustainability of crop production under changing climatic conditions.
EFFECTS OF INFILL WALLS ON BUILDING BEHAVIOUR UNDER SEISMIC LOADS
Authors: Dorji Lobzang
Published: October 2021

In the design of Reinforced Concrete (RC) building, infill walls are normally assumed as non-structural elements and they are accepted as vertical uniform loads on beams. Therefore, the RC buildings are designed as bare frame structures. However, in reality, infill walls are present in RC buildings, and the seismic performance of the buildings will be different with and without infill walls.  In this study, 5 storey RC buildings with 2 bays and 5 bays in X-direction and Y-direction respectively are considered. The infill walls were replaced as equivalent diagonal struts and the non-linear static pushover analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of infill walls on the overall performance of the structures. The lateral strength capacity and performance point of the building were determined for the conventional (bare frame) method and with the presence of infill walls. The study reveals that the effects of infill walls under seismic loads in significant until elastic region in which the initial stiffness and strength of the structures increases, while lateral deformation capacity decreases. It is also observed that there are no significant changes in terms of ultimate lateral strength and roof displacement of the building as compared within presence of infill walls and bare frame.
Data Mining Framework for Nutrition Ranking: Methodology: SPSS Modeller
Authors: Aziz Nauman , Aftab Shabib
Published: October 2021

The goal of this research is to use the technology of Data Mining in a dataset for a ranking of three diets on the respondents and investigate such tools advantages and limitations such as large amount of manipulation before analysis replications with the same results from the analysis bias. Here we can see the ethical consequences of such programs in details.
Metody kauzální analýzy pro měření efektivity podpory prodeje
Authors: Králová Maria
Published: October 2021

In recent years, company costs associated with sales promotion activities have continued to rise in developed economies, and yet many studies show that such sales promotion activities are very often unproﬁtable, and in many cases even result in losses. One cause of this undesirable phenomenon may be inadequate analytical tools. The use of adequate analytical tools would make it possible to reliably measure the eﬀectiveness of sales promotion activities. The most commonly used analytical tools often lead to biases when estimating the eﬀectiveness of promotion activities. This is because these tools cannot take into account a number of factors which change over time, may aﬀect the proﬁtability indicators and are not controlled when performing an estimate with the common tools. The monograph oﬀers a new approach to estimating baseline sales (i.e. the sales ﬁgures as they would be if sales promotion activity had not taken place) using causal analysis methods. The suggested approach removes the bias of an estimator resulting from the change of factors over time, while at the same time it is simple enough to be implemented in common business practice. The monograph also presents the methods of causal analysis. Despite their potential to successfully deal with a number of marketing and management issues, these methods are rarely used, either in the Czech Republic or internationally.
O estágio supervisionado nos cursos de licenciatura em música: discutindo a aprendizagem colaborativa para a formação docente na contemporaneidade
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília, Cernev Francine Kemmer
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir sobre a formação de professores a partir das experiências desenvolvidas por meio do estágio supervisionado em música durante o período de ensino remoto emergencial. O referencial teórico foi constituído a partir dos seguintes eixos: tecnologias digitais e mídias sociais, aprendizagem colaborativa e formação para a docência em música. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa ação. Para tanto, os licenciandos foram instigados a desenvolver uma proposta de estágio que culminou na produção colaborativa e aplicação de um material pedagógico-musical virtual no contexto da educação básica. Foram estabelecidas reflexões sobre o papel do estágio supervisionado em novos contextos e cenários a partir da realização e implementação desta produção, bem como discussões sobre suas implicações para a profissionalização de licenciandos. As impressões reveladas pontuam positivamente para a construção colaborativa de propostas educacionais pautadas na identificação, elaboração, realização, atuação e reflexão, fazendo parte consubstancial para a compreensão da formação da docência em música na contemporaneidade.
A produção da encenação a partir da música na ópera “Otello”, de Verdi-Boito
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Silva Carlos Eduardo
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo pretende investigar a relação entre música e teatro na ópera Otello, de Verdi e Boito, o emprego da orquestração musical na produção de possíveis sentidos cênicos ou, em outras palavras, a música fazendo teatro, na fusão desses gêneros artísticos, dando origem a um terceiro que se materializa na referida ópera. Para tanto, a investigação articula o conceito de obra de arte total, de Trahndorff-Wagner, como ponto de partida para abordar o campo híbrido entre as artes que a ópera representa; em seguida, reflete sobre a doutrina do êthos, herdada do mundo helênico, e a teoria dos afetos, que atinge o ápice no período Barroco, como sendo teses dedicadas a pensar a ação da música no indivíduo; na sequência, observam-se os ideais de reforma da ópera, segundo Metastasio, como uma iniciativa destinada a construir um léxico operístico; e, por fim, sintetiza tais conceitos, confrontando a partitura e o libreto, de Otello. O trabalho justifica-se a pela escassez de propostas dessa natureza envolvendo a obra verdiana, em especial, Otello, na língua portuguesa; proporcionar o estudo da música em conexão com outras artes; e porque o estudo das relações dos elementos que compõem a ópera enriquece a pedagogia desse gênero artístico.
Metamorfosis del turismo y transformaciones urbanas: hacia el desarrollo de un modelo de turismo sostenible
Authors: Haro Aragú Marina , Garcia Mestanza Josefa
Published: October 2021

El turismo se ha convertido en un elemento clave en la planificación urbana, desarrollo y evoluciones socioculturales de muchas ciudades. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el estado de la cuestión de la metamorfosis acaecida en el turismo y las transformaciones urbanas de las ciudades turísticas en el contexto de la COVID-19, así como las propuestas para una reactivación en forma de turismos de proximidad más alineados con los ODS de Naciones Unidas. El método utilizado está basado en la aplicación del Proceso de Desarrollo del Conocimiento - Constructivista (ProKnow-C), proporcionando un procedimiento estructurado, riguroso y que minimiza el uso de la aleatoriedad y la subjetividad en el proceso de revisión bibliográfica. Como resultados, se obtienen 30 artículos relevantes y alineados con el tema de investigación, posibilitando el identificar los principales enfoques propuestos por los autores de este portfolio bibliográfico en relación a la problemática planteada. Esto permite constar la importante proliferación de publicaciones científicas que abordan esta temática, en un corto periodo de tiempo, y la ausencia de un modelo consensuado que permita medir tales fenómenos de forma integral, viéndose además como una oportunidad para repensar el turismo de proximidad como foco de un modelo turístico sostenible.
Del mito a la viralidad
Authors: Palomo-Domínguez Isabel
Published: October 2021

Tema principal del artículo: El mito es un recurso ancestral, tradicionalmente usado en la publicidad. El deepfake, una tecnología novedosa y polémica que abre un extraordinario horizonte creativo. La antigüedad del mito y la innovación del deepfake pueden combinarse para crear un mensaje de marca capaz de alcanzar una extraordinaria difusión viral.

Desarrollo lógico del tema: En enero de 2021, la marca cervecera Cruzcampo lanzó una campaña publicitaria protagonizada por Lola Flores, artista española de fama internacional fallecida en 1995. En cuestión de horas, la campaña batió récords de difusión en los medios digitales. Su principal peculiaridad fue el uso del deepfake para ‘devolver a la vida’ a la mítica artista, así como poner en su boca un mensaje reivindicativo, que movilizaba al público a defender su acento.

Punto de vista y aportaciones de los autores: Realizamos un ejercicio de análisis de la campaña para reflexionar sobre la función del mito y los demás factores que han favorecido su viralidad. También observamos este caso como ejemplo de la transformación de las figuras del anunciante y la agencia en el sector publicitario actual. Para enriquecer la reflexión, aportamos información primaria obtenida a través de una doble metodología: una investigación cualitativa (entrevistas), para conocer la estrategia y proceso de creación; y una investigación cuantitativa (cuestionario) para medir el alcance del mensaje y la contribución de los usuarios en su difusión.

Repercusiones y conclusiones: El análisis de esta campaña muestra los elementos estratégicos que han permitido generar sinergias entre el mito y las nuevas tendencias en comunicación digital, tales como la tecnología deepfake, la transmedialidad, o una estrategia de branding inspirada en un concepto de RSC. En este sentido, aporta información relevante como caso de éxito, que podrá ser de interés para investigadores y el sector de la publicidad.
Formación en reputación. Análisis de los principales MBA en México
Authors: Santana Villegas José Rafael
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: En el presente artículo se exponen los resultados obtenidos al realizar un análisis cuyo objetivo principal fue conocer el estado que guarda la capacitación ejecutiva en México en materia de reputación, realizando para ello, una revisión de los planes curriculares de los cursos de formación ejecutiva por excelencia: los MBA, de manera que se pueda conocer cuánto del contenido de dichos programas está orientado a capacitar a los ejecutivos en la gestión de dicho intangible.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Para lograr lo anterior, se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de los planes curriculares de los cursos que han aparecido ininterrumpidamente en un periodo de seis años, en el ranking de los mejores MBA que edita la Revista Expansión en México, revisando también bibliografía relativa al papel que juega la alta dirección en la gestión de la reputación.

Resultados: El análisis realizado demuestra que las asignaturas impartidas en los principales cursos de MBA ofrecidos en México se centran en capacitar en áreas relacionadas a la práctica empresarial tradicional, pero no capacitan a los altos ejecutivos en la mayoría de las competencias necesarias para gestionar de manera adecuada la reputación.

Limitaciones/implicaciones: El trabajo presenta áreas de oportunidad para la formación ejecutiva en México a través de los programas de MBA; sin embargo, debe considerarse como un punto de partida para estudios posteriores en los que se aborde el tema desde otros ángulos, en los que se consideren también opiniones de altos ejecutivos, consultores y directores académicos de los programas de MBA.

Originalidad/contribución: Esta investigación pretende contribuir a mejorar la formación que reciben actualmente los altos ejecutivos en este país, de manera que puedan estar más capacitados para enfrentar los retos que presenta el entorno actual para los negocios.
Violência e Saúde na Vida de Pessoas LGBTI
Authors: Carvalho Mario Felipe de Lima , Menezes Moisés Santos de
Published: October 2021

Buscando tratar do tema da violência contra LGBTI em sua relação com o processo saúde-doença, esta publicação objetiva auxiliar gestores, profissionais e estudantes da área da saúde em um assunto muito pouco abordado nas formações profissionais, mas que está presente cotidianamente na realidade do trabalho em saúde.
A connectome of the Drosophila central complex reveals network motifs suitable for flexible navigation and context-dependent action selection
Authors: Hulse Brad K , Haberkern Hannah , Franconville Romain , Turner-Evans Daniel , Takemura Shin-ya , Wolff Tanya , Noorman Marcella , Dreher Marisa , Dan Chuntao , Parekh Ruchi , Hermundstad Ann M , Rubin Gerald M , Jayaraman Vivek
Published: October 2021

Flexible behaviors over long timescales are thought to engage recurrent neural networks in deep brain regions, which are experimentally challenging to study. In insects, recurrent circuit dynamics in a brain region called the central complex (CX) enable directed locomotion, sleep, and context- and experience-dependent spatial navigation. We describe the first complete electron microscopy-based connectome of theDrosophilaCX, including all its neurons and circuits at synaptic resolution. We identified new CX neuron types, novel sensory and motor pathways, and network motifs that likely enable the CX to extract the fly’s head direction, maintain it with attractor dynamics, and combine it with other sensorimotor information to perform vector-based navigational computations. We also identified numerous pathways that may facilitate the selection of CX-driven behavioral patterns by context and internal state. The CX connectome provides a comprehensive blueprint necessary for a detailed understanding of network dynamics underlying sleep, flexible navigation, and state-dependent action selection.
North-South collaboration: On the making of a Center for Comparative Education and Policy Studies at Addis Ababa University
Authors: Haybano Alebachew Kemisso , Haley Aimee , Lindblad Sverker , Wärvik Gun-Britt
Published: October 2021

The Ethiopian educational system has made promising advancements since the turn of the century. Despite this progress, education continues to grapple with a myriad of challenges, including differences in educational access and quality, insecure living conditions, and gender inequalities. Research can offer knowledge for tackling these challenges, but often it is knowledge from the global North that dominates, despite its questionable relevance to the global South. Therefore, this study analyses the evolvement of a Center for Comparative Education and Policy Studies, situated in an Ethiopian higher education context and supported by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), and how the Center has contributed to developing knowledge that is relevant to local contexts. An important outcome of the Center was the development of a doctoral program in International and Comparative Education and the knowledge produced in the doctoral theses that emerged. Our inquiry concerns how Southern theory contributes to an increased understanding of the development of the Center and the relevance of the doctoral theses. The findings underscore the importance of expanding Southern knowledge in education and the need for further reflection on the geopolitics of knowledge in research capacity development cooperation.
Identification of genes and gene expression associated with dispersal capacity in the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Shegelski Victor A. , Evenden Maya L. , Huber Dezene P.W. , Sperling Felix A.H.
Published: October 2021

Dispersal flights by the mountain pine beetle have allowed range expansion and major damage to pine stands in western Canada. We asked what the genetic and transcriptional basis of mountain pine beetle dispersal capacity is. Using flight mills, RNA-seq and a targeted association study, we compared strong-flying, weak-flying, and non-flying female beetles from the recently colonized northern end of their range. Nearly 3,000 genes were differentially expressed between strong and weak flying beetles, while weak fliers and nonfliers did not significantly differ. The differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with lipid metabolism, muscle maintenance, oxidative stress response, detoxification, endocrine function, and flight behavior. Three variant loci, two in the coding region of genes, were significantly associated with flight capacity but these genes had no known functional link to flight. Several differentially expressed gene systems may be important for sustained flight, while other systems are downregulated during dispersal and likely to conserve energy before host colonization. The candidate genes and SNPs identified here will inform further studies and management of mountain pine beetle, as well as contribute to understanding the mechanisms of insect dispersal flights.
Grevillea hortiorum Olde (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae: Hakeinae), an uncommon species from winter-damp woodlands in the Avon Wheatbelt, south-west Western Australia.
Authors: Olde Peter Maurice
Published: October 2021

Grevillea hortiorum Olde, a species in the Triloba Group sensu Flora of Australia (2000), is here described for the first time. Its nearest relative is certainly also a member of the Triloba Group, based on shared morphological characters, and it may be related to Grevillea acrobotrya Meisn. Numerous morphological differences distinguish it, but it has not been tested phylogenetically. Subsequent to its initial discovery when it was thought to be rare, both its distribution and population have been greatly expanded, almost exclusively due to the efforts of its eponymous collectors. It was initially thought to be uncommonly associated with open wandoo woodland but later collections have been gathered in open heath as well. An interim key to the species is provided.
A new and substrate specific species of Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) from north-eastern Queensland, Australia.
Authors: Ford Andrew James , Halford David , Van der Merwe Marlien
Published: October 2021

Ilex metamorphicum A.J.Ford & Halford is formally described and illustrated. Notes on habitat, distribution and conservation status are provided, as are detailed information how to distinguish it from I. arnhemensis, the only other native species of Ilex in Australia.
Heterotopías urbanas. Modalidades e innovaciones en la producción del espacio estatal porteño
Authors: Elinbaum Pablo
Published: October 2021

Las heterotopías urbanas son lugares que interrumpen la aparente continuidad y normalidad de la ciudad. Por ejemplo, son las villas miseria y favelas sudamericanas, pero también los glamorosos distritos de elite, como el emblemático Canary Wharf en Londres. ¿Cómo se incorporan estos espacios singulares a la espacialidad supuestamente unitaria y equilibrada del Estado? A partir de la comparación de los planes parciales implementados para desarrollar simultáneamente dos “villas” de Buenos Aires en un mismo territorio –la Comuna 8–, en este artículo se indaga en los entramados de proyectos y estrategias para mostrar las modalidades e innovaciones en la producción del espacio estatal porteño. A partir de un enfoque cualitativo, apoyado en dos dimensiones básicas del planeamiento urbano, se evidencian algunas relaciones dialécticas entre diferentes escalas, ciclos de inversión y regulación que suelen ser soslayadas no solo por las investigaciones acotadas a los “enclaves”, sino también por los efectos discursivos de las políticas urbanas pretendidamente “integrales”
Evolución de la expansión urbana y riesgos para la agricultura de proximidad en el sur de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Cahe Emiliano , de Prada Jorge
Published: October 2021

Los efectos indeseados de la dispersión urbana en el territorio han sido estudiados en diferentes escalas, aunque son escasos los estudios que comparan su dinámica con otras formas de poblamiento. El artículo cuantifica la expansión urbana y riesgos para la agricultura de proximidad, y la compara con formas alternativas de poblamiento. Mediante Quantum-Gis, imágenes históricas de Google Earth y la relación perímetro real-teórico del área urbana, se identificó el poblamiento de 69 localidades del sur de Córdoba, Argentina. Los resultados muestran dispersión urbana creciente: la tasa anual promedio de crecimiento poblacional fue 1,2%, mientras que la tasa del área urbana pasó de 3,4% a 4,1% entre los períodos 2001-2010 y 2010-2018, respectivamente. Se redujo 88% la provisión de alimentos de proximidad, y al año 2040, se triplicaría el área urbana respecto de poblamientos más compactos. Existe una brecha para minimizar la conversión de tierras rurales y potenciar la agricultura de proximidad.
Impacts of Thermal Conductivity and Variable Viscosity on the Dissipative Heat and Species Transport of MHD Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Mohammed M. A. , Baiyeri J. F. , Ogunbayo T. O. , Esan O. A.
Published: October 2021

The investigation of dissipative heat and species diffusion of a conducting liquid under the combined influence of buoyancy forces in a moving plate is examined in the existence of magnetic field. The flowing liquid heat conductivity and viscosity are taken to be linearly varied as a temperature function. The governing derivative equations of the problem are changed to anon-linear coupled ordinary derivative equations by applying similarity quantities. The dimensionless model is solved using shooting technique along with the Runge-Kutta method. The outcomes for the flow wall friction, heat gradient and species wall gradient are offered in table and qualitatively explained. The study revealed that the Newtonian fluid viscosity can be enhanced by increasing the fluid flow medium porosity and the magnetic field strength. Hence, the study will improve the industrial usage of Newtonian working fluid.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Disposal of in-Home Medication among Community in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ali Mohammad Daud , Ahmad Ayaz , Kannan Latha Subarayan , Lewis Sharell , Suliaman Zainab Salman Al , Almanasif Fatimah Dyia , Alnabi Zainab Abdulmonem Abdrab
Published: October 2021

Aim: Current study conducted with aims to assess general public knowledge, attitude and    practice towards disposal of in-home medication among community in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted from 1st September 2019 to 31st October 2019 among the community in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. A validated self-administered questionnaire was distributed to easily approachable 1400 participants through social media in which 916 respondents were completely filled the survey form. Chi square test were used for the calculation of variance among the group. P-value less than and equal to 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Results: The response rate of survey was 65.42%.The mean age of the survey respondents was 30.34 ±9.95 years. Among all the respondents 225(24.56%) respondents were male and 691(75.43%) respondents were female from community of Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. The majority of the respondents 709 (77.4%) (p<0.05) purchased the medicines on prescription. The majority of the respondents 763 (84.8%) (p<0.05) answered that improper disposal of unused and expired medicines causes damage of environment and health. The results revealed that the most common Over the counter (OTC) drugs as follows, analgesics with 456 (49.78%)(p<0.05), Vitamins & Minerals 272 (29.69%), Cold and flu Drugs 84 (9.17%), Food Supplements 56 (6.11%) and in the last Digestive drugs with 48 (5.24%).

Conclusion: Gaps persist in practices, hence vigorous, safe and cost-effective pharmaceutical waste management program reinforced campaign is required. Healthcare providers (HCPs) and community pharmacists (CPs) should organize training to educate customers on standard medicine disposal practices.
Comparison of the Effect of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) with Medical Treatment in Patients with Overactive Bladder
Authors: Nikoo Mohammadreza , Majidi Lobat , Heidari Amirmohammad , Jafarvand Babak , Aghabozorgi Danial , Nikbakht Nikta
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common problem that involves therapeutic challenges. Therefore, finding new and effective treatment modalities in these patients is essential. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effect of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) with drug therapy in patients with OAB.

Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 74 patients with OAB were randomly divided into two groups: PTNS (twice a week for 12 weeks) and drug treatment (Solifenacin 10 mg daily for 12 weeks). OAB Symptom Score, q-OAB and Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (HRQL) were completed and then compared at the beginning and end of the study for the two groups. Findings were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

Results: The drug intervention group consisted of 33 (89.2%) females and 4 males (10.81%), and PTNS group consisted of 31 females (83.8%) and 6 males (16.21%), (P = 0.496). Mean quality of life score, mean OABSS score, OAB screening score and urinary incontinence in both groups before the intervention did not show a statistically significant difference. After treatment, the mean quality of life in both groups increased significantly compared to before the intervention, but this increase was significantly higher in PTNS when compared with other group (74.2±6.9 vs. 68.9± 7.3). The mean OABSS score, OAB screening score and urinary incontinence in both groups decreased significantly compared to before treatment, but the mean OABSS score and OAB and urinary incontinence screening scores showed a significant decrease in PTNS group compared to drug treatment.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, PTNS was found to be more effective than drug treatment in increasing the quality of life and controlling symptoms of OAB.
Uso da Inteligência Competitiva e Tecnológica para Depósito de Patentes e Transferência de Tecnologia em Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica
Authors: Da Silva Carvalho Melissa , Borges Renault Thiago
Published: October 2021

As competências mínimas dos núcleos de inovação tecnológica foram alteradas pela nova lei de inovação em 2016. Entre as mudanças, se insere a necessidade de realizar ações de prospecção e inteligência competitiva. O objetivo deste estudo de caso é descrever e analisar como a área de informação tecnológica de uma instituição de ciência e tecnologia contribui para as atividades do núcleo de inovação tecnológica. O estudo foi realizado analisando os relatórios e atividades da área de informação tecnológica. Conclui-se que as ações de inteligência competitiva implementadas ainda necessitam de aprimoramento para que a informação alcance as principais instâncias de decisão da instituição. Evidencia-se que as ações de inteligência estão restritas à tomada de decisão em relação às atividades de depósito de patentes e de transferência de tecnologia.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Catalisadores Empregados em Reações de Transesterificação e Esterificação
Authors: Brainer Nívea dos Santos , Vieira Wedja Timóteo , Vieira Rosana Correia , Holanda Rafael da Silva Oliveira de , Baliano Tatiane Luciano , Soletti João Inácio , Meneghetti Simoni Margareti Plentz
Published: October 2021

O desenvolvimento de novos materiais é crescente ao longo das décadas, tendo como destaque os catalisadores, os quais exercem papel importante nos processos industriais atuando em reações como de transesterificação e esterificação na produção de diversos compostos, a exemplo, os biocombustíveis. Neste trabalho realizou-se o levantamento prospectivo tecnológico de catalisadores utilizados em reações de transesterificação e esterificação. A execução das buscas de patentes e artigos ocorreu em diferentes bases de dados utilizando-se as palavras-chave catalyst AND transesterification AND esterification. Essa temática tem atraído atenção no meio industrial e acadêmico como observado no Scopus, com o número de publicações de 719 documentos, com os países líderes China e Índia; e no quesito número de patentes depositadas conforme o Patent Inspiration,de 216, destacando-se os Estados Unidos e Japão. O Brasil apresenta crescente interesse nesse cenário por meio do desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de catalisadores.
Roadmap Tecnológico para Desenvolvimento de Sistema de Monitoramento da Cura do Concreto
Authors: Santos Júnior José Edilson dos , Santos Vivianni Marques Leite dos , Coelho Isnaldo José de Souza
Published: October 2021

A construção civil é importante para o desenvolvimento social e econômico dos países. Nesse setor, destaca-se o concreto armado, conferindo resistência aos esforços de compressão e de proteção ao aço. Durante execução de obras, há necessidade de aguardar tempo para endurecimento do concreto (tempo de pega), cuja decisão inadequada acerca da finalização pode gerar custos ou até mesmo acidentes graves. O objetivo desse artigo é elaborar roadmap tecnológico a partir de estudo prospectivo e identificação de elementos internos e externos que influenciam o desenvolvimento de sistema para monitoramento da pega do concreto. Assim, fez-se necessária a busca e a análise de patentes, seguida de análise SWOT, e, finalmente, elaboração de roadmap tecnológico contendo produtos, mercado interessado, mercado concorrente e tecnologias necessárias. Conclui-se pela viabilidade do sistema de monitoramento, com benefícios a curto prazo para a academia e expectativa de interesse nos diferentes setores da construção civil, como construtoras, concreteiras e fábricas de pré-moldados.
A Evolução do Capital Intelectual do IFBA no Período: 2009-2018
Authors: Barros Reis Zuneia Jesus , De Souza Elias Ramos , Ribeiro Nubia Moura
Published: October 2021

As instituições públicas brasileiras de ensino e pesquisa têm implementado políticas de incentivo à produção do conhecimento, com especial destaque para a composição do seu capital intelectual, visando contribuir com o desenvolvimento científico, tecnológico, econômico e social do país. Em particular, os Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, criados em 2008, têm o intuito de realizar pesquisas aplicadas, estimulando o desenvolvimento de soluções técnicas e tecnológicas, estendendo seus benefícios à comunidade. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a evolução da qualificação do corpo docente e possível reflexo no panorama da produção científica e tecnológica do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia (IFBA), no período compreendido entre 2009 a 2018. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento na base Web Of Science e nos relatórios de gestão do IFBA. Metodologicamente essa pesquisa é de natureza quantitativa, do tipo descritiva, efetivada por meio de um estudo de caso. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram concluir que houve uma evolução positiva na formação do capital humano, bem como no aumento da produtividade do conhecimento científico. Entretanto, registra-se uma acentuada queda da produtividade tecnológica institucional, evidenciada, sobretudo pela diminuição de registros ou depósitos de produtos tecnológicos no Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI).
EMBRAPA: reestruturando-se para ampliar sua contribuição para a inovação no setor agropecuário brasileiro
Authors: Stutz Luís Carlos , Pereira Marcelo Farid
Published: October 2021

Países nos quais governo, empresas e instituições de pesquisa tratam a inovação como prioridade têm experimentado níveis expressivos de desenvolvimento econômico. A Embrapa foi criada com a missão de viabilizar o crescimento da agropecuária brasileira por meio da pesquisa e da inovação, transformando os conhecimentos gerados em tecnologias para o produtor rural. Os resultados da produção agrícola nacional demonstram o cumprimento de sua função, mas a empresa precisa se amoldar à nova realidade em que são exigidos processos contínuos de inovação. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com objetivo de demonstrar o que a empresa tem feito para a manutenção de sua relevância para o Brasil. A metodologia compreendeu uma revisão de literatura e a avaliação de documentos. Como resultado, verificou-se que a empresa está implantando um Macroprocesso de Inovação, que reestruturou seu processo de pesquisa para fortalecer as fases de transferência de tecnologias, de monitoramento e de avaliação de seus impactos
Identification and characterization of a novel glutaminase inhibitor
Authors: Cederkvist Henning , Kolan Shrikant S. , Wik Jonas Aakre , Sener Zeynep , Skålhegg Bjørn Steen
Published: October 2021

In humans, there are two forms of glutaminase (GLS), designated GLS1 and GLS2. These enzymes catalyse the conversion of glutamine to glutamate. GLS1 exists as two isozymes: kidney glutaminase (KGA) and glutaminase C (GAC). Several GLS inhibitors have been identified, of which DON (6‐diazo‐5‐oxonorleucine), BPTES (bis‐2‐(5‐phenylacetamido‐1, 3, 4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl) ethyl sulphide), 968 (5‐(3‐Bromo‐4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridin‐4(1H)‐one) and CB839 (Telaglenastat) are the most widely used. However, these inhibitors have variable efficacy, specificity and bioavailability in research and clinical settings, implying the need for novel and improved GLS inhibitors. Based on this need, a diverse library of 28,000 compounds from Enamine was screened for inhibition of recombinant, purified GAC. From this library, one inhibitor designated compound 19 (C19) was identified with kinetic features revealing allosteric inhibition of GAC in the µm range. Moreover, C19 inhibits anti‐CD3/CD28‐induced CD4+ T‐cell proliferation and cytokine production with similar or greater potency as compared to BPTES. Taken together, our data suggest that C19 has the potential to modulate GLS1 activity and alter metabolic activity of T cells.
Recent Adventures in Beryllium Chemistry
Authors: Walley Jacob E. , Gilliard Robert J.
Published: October 2021

One of the least understood elements on the periodic table is beryllium, perhaps a result of the presumed toxicity of its complexes. Despite this limitation, beryllium exhibits a unique set of properties which sets it apart from its heavier alkaline earth congeners (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba). Nevertheless, within the past five years, there have been a series of major advances in the field of organometallic beryllium chemistry. This article will highlight these advances by analyzing new oxidation states, reactivity, and bonding modes, targeting an audience of general synthetic chemists, including scientists at the undergraduate and graduate level.
Electrochemical Instrumentation
Authors: Leonard Kevin C. , Seuferling Tess
Published: October 2021

This chapter provides an overview of the instrumentation used by an electrochemist. In the study of electrochemistry, it is important to accurately control and measure both the flow and energy of electrons. We begin with an overview of the fundamentals—basics of electricity and circuits. Then, with that foundation, we cover the most essential of electrochemical instruments: the potentiostat. From the configurations to the inner workings of a potentiostat, this information should give the reader an overview of how a potentiostat collects the data. This chapter also introduces the bipotentiostat and galvanostat. Next, all things data‐related are covered, from acquisition to the various digital and analog instrumentation specifications that can affect results. Another important topic related to electrochemical instrumentation is ohmic drop. The two main methods of addressing ohmic drop are current interruption and positive feedback, which are introduced here. Additionally, the specifications and modifications for potentiostats are presented for consideration when getting started. Finally, we leave you with some thoughts on hybrid instrumentation such as scanning probe techniques and in situ techniques. We hope electrochemists new, and seasoned, can glean information to perform experiments that yield precise, accurate, high resolution data.
Visually guided respiratory motion management for Ethos adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Kim Taeho , Ji Zhen , Lewis Benjamin , Laugeman Eric , Price Alex , Hao Yao , Hugo Geoffrey , Knutson Nels , Cai Bin , Kim Hyun , Henke Lauren
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Ethos adaptive radiotherapy (ART) is emerging with AI‐enhanced adaptive planning and high‐quality cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). Although a respiratory motion management solution is critical for reducing motion artifacts on abdominothoracic CBCT and improving tumor motion control during beam delivery, our institutional Ethos system has not incorporated a commercial solution. Here we developed an institutional visually guided respiratory motion management system to coach patients in regular breathing or breath hold during intrafractional CBCT scans and beam delivery with Ethos ART.

Methods

The institutional visual‐guidance respiratory motion management system has three components: (1) a respiratory motion detection system, (2) an in‐room display system, and (3) a respiratory motion trace management software. Each component has been developed and implemented in the clinical Ethos ART workflow. The applicability of the solution was demonstrated in installation, routine QA, and clinical workflow.

Results

An air pressure sensor has been utilized to detect patient respiratory motion in real time. Either a commercial or in‐house software handled respiratory motion trace display, collection and visualization for operators, and visual guidance for patients. An extended screen and a projector on an adjustable stand were installed as the in‐room visual guidance solution for the closed‐bore ring gantry medical linear accelerator utilized by Ethos. Consistent respiratory motion traces and organ positions on intrafractional CBCTs demonstrated the clinical suitability of the proposed solution in Ethos ART.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated the utilization of an institutional visually guided respiratory motion management system for Ethos ART. The proposed solution can be easily applied for Ethos ART and adapted for use with any closed bore‐type system, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, through incorporation with appropriate respiratory motion sensors.
A system for equitable workload distribution in clinical medical physics
Authors: Kim Minsun , Ford Eric , Smith Wade , Bowen Stephen R. , Geneser Sarah , Meyer Juergen
Published: October 2021

Background

Clinical medical physics duties include routine tasks, special procedures, and development projects. It can be challenging to distribute the effort equitably across all team members, especially in large clinics or systems where physicists cover multiple sites. The purpose of this work is to study an equitable workload distribution system in radiotherapy physics that addresses the complex and dynamic nature of effort assignment.

Methods

We formed a working group that defined all relevant clinical tasks and estimated the total time spent per task. Estimates used data from the oncology information system, a survey of physicists, and group consensus. We introduced a quantitative workload unit, “equivalent workday” (eWD), as a common unit for effort. The sum of all eWD values adjusted for each physicist's clinical full‐time equivalent yields a “normalized total effort” (nTE) metric for each physicist, that is, the fraction of the total effort assigned to that physicist. We implemented this system in clinical operation. During a trial period of 9 months, we made adjustments to include tasks previously unaccounted for and refined the system. The workload distribution of eight physicists over 12 months was compared before and after implementation of the nTE system.

Results

Prior to implementation, differences in workload of up to 50% existed between individual physicists (nTE range of 10.0%–15.0%). During the trial period, additional categories were added to account for leave and clinical projects that had previously been assigned informally. In the 1‐year period after implementation, the individual workload differences were within 5% (nTE range of 12.3%–12.8%).

Conclusion

We developed a system to equitably distribute workload and demonstrated improvements in the equity of workload. A quantitative approach to workload distribution improves both transparency and accountability. While the system was motivated by the complexities within an academic medical center, it may be generally applicable for other clinics.
“To Thrill You, I'll Use Any Device’: An Interview with Queen founder members Brian May and Roger Taylor
Authors: Winkler Ray
Published: October 2021

What about the bands that grace STUFISH stages – the clients of entertainment architecture? In an intimate and exclusive interview with Queen founder members Brian May and Roger Taylor, Guest‐Editor of this AD issue and STUFISH Design Director Ray Winkler explores their perspectives on gigging, past and present. Much has changed over the course of the rock group's more than 50‐year history, from the theatrical nature of performances to the technology, sound and visuals. They offer their thoughts on it all.
3D‐Printed Anisotropic Polymer Materials for Functional Applications
Authors: Chen Jiayao , Liu Xiaojiang , Tian Yujia , Zhu Wei , Yan Chunze , Shi Yusheng , Kong Ling Bing , Qi Hang Jerry , Zhou Kun
Published: October 2021

Anisotropy is the characteristic of a material to exhibit variations in its mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical properties, etc. along different directions. Anisotropic materials have attracted great research interest because of their wide applications in aerospace, sensing, soft robotics, and tissue engineering. 3D printing provides exceptional advantages in achieving controlled compositions and complex architecture, thereby enabling the manufacture of 3D objects with anisotropic functionalities. Here, a comprehensive review of the recent progress on 3D printing of anisotropic polymer materials based on different techniques including material extrusion, vat photopolymerization, powder bed fusion, and sheet lamination is presented. The state‐of‐the‐art strategies implemented in manipulating anisotropic structures are highlighted with the discussion of material categories, functionalities, and potential applications. This review is concluded with analyzing the current challenges and providing perspectives for further development in this field.
Plant‐Based Structures as an Opportunity to Engineer Optical Functions in Next‐Generation Light Management
Authors: Kaschuk Joice Jaqueline , Al Haj Yazan , Rojas Orlando J. , Miettunen Kati , Abitbol Tiffany , Vapaavuori Jaana
Published: October 2021

This review addresses the reconstruction of structural plant components (cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses) into materials displaying advanced optical properties. The strategies to isolate the main building blocks are discussed, and the effects of fibrillation, fibril alignment, densification, self‐assembly, surface‐patterning, and compositing are presented considering their role in engineering optical performance. Then, key elements that enable lignocellulosic to be translated into materials that present optical functionality, such as transparency, haze, reflectance, UV‐blocking, luminescence, and structural colors, are described. Mapping the optical landscape that is accessible from lignocellulosics is shown as an essential step toward their utilization in smart devices. Advanced materials built from sustainable resources, including those obtained from industrial or agricultural side streams, demonstrate enormous promise in optoelectronics due to their potentially lower cost, while meeting or even exceeding current demands in performance. The requirements are summarized for the production and application of plant‐based optically functional materials in different smart material applications and the review is concluded with a perspective about this active field of knowledge.
Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Activated Reactive Oxygen Species Amplifier for Enzymatic Cascade Cancer Starvation/Chemodynamic /Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Man , Chang Mengyu , Li Chunxia , Chen Qing , Hou Zhiyao , Xing Bengang , Lin Jun
Published: October 2021

At present, some progress has been made in the field of cancer theranostics based on nanocatalysts (NCs), but achieving precise theranostics in response to the specific tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a major challenge. Herein, a TME‐responsive upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)‐based smart UCNPs@Cu–Cys–GOx (UCCG) nanosystem is engineered, which combines natural enzymes and nanozymes so as to amplify reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in situ for cancer starvation/chemodynamic/immunotherapy. One of the biggest merits of this material is that it can be preserved inert (off) in normal tissues, and only in the TME can it be specifically activated (on) through a series of enzymatic cascades to boost ROS production via a strategy of open source (H2O2 self‐supplying ability) and reduce expenditure (glutathione (GSH) consuming ability). More importantly, the enhanced oxidative stress by UCCG NCs reverses the immunosuppressive TME, and facilitates antitumor immune responses. Meanwhile, the starvation/chemodynamic synergistic therapy triggered by UCCG combined with PD‐L1 antibody effectively inhibits the growth of primary tumors and cancer metastasis. In addition, the UCNPs in UCCG present upconversion luminescence enhancement, which can be exploited to visualize the reinforced ROS generation in real time. Collectively, this work provides an original method for the devising and exploitation of UCNPs‐based catalytic immunotherapy.