bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of the role of ultrasound in assessing plasma leakage in dengue fever and a proposed scanning protocol
Authors: Khoo Swee Min Kathleen , Lee Chun Yue Francis
Published: November 2024

Background

The clinical course of dengue can range from mild to severe and predicting the course can be challenging. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends prognostication via the presence of warning signs, to aid in disposition and management. Plasma leakage is a key warning sign in dengue, and ultrasound can be utilised as a screening tool.

Objectives

The objectives were to describe the literature on the use of ultrasound in dengue, summarise the findings, and propose a standardised point‐of‐care ultrasound protocol.

Methods

We reviewed the current literature on the role of ultrasound in dengue and its key features.

Results

Ultrasound is a useful tool in the evaluation of patients with dengue and has been shown to be able to detect plasma leakage even prior to clinical and laboratory findings. In particular, gallbladder wall thickening is an early sign that can aid the clinician in prognosticating patients.

Conclusion

Detecting plasma leakage early with ultrasonography can help the clinician determine appropriate disposition and management. We propose a standardised point‐of‐care ultrasound protocol (FASD) for early detection of plasma leakage in dengue, in the routine care of dengue patients.
Scaling up Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up with Latine families: Implementation processes and effectiveness
Authors: Carrera Pablo , Zablah Franssy M. , de la Rosa Yanira , Benito‐Gomez Marta
Published: November 2024

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up (ABC) is an evidence‐based early intervention promoting attachment security and self‐regulation by enhancing parental sensitivity. When scaling up an evidence‐based intervention to the community, it is essential to consider families’ preferences and cultural values to ensure cultural appropriateness, while maintaining fidelity to the intervention's core components. In this article, we aimed to test the effectiveness of ABC in improving parental sensitivity when implemented in Spanish at a community level in the USA. The effectiveness of ABC when implemented in Spanish in the community was assessed through pre‐post changes in observed parental sensitivity in 79 Latine families with children ages 6 months to 4 years. Parental sensitivity increased from pre‐ to post‐test, with a similar effect size to previous studies (d = .67). Results and practice implications are discussed, highlighting the importance of the support to providers reaching families of diverse origins.
Zoysia spp. putting green tolerance to postemergence herbicides
Authors: Pritchard Benjamin D. , Breeden Gregory K. , Brosnan James T. , Floyd Weston , Straw Chase M. , Reasor Eric H.
Published: November 2024

Species of Zoysia Willd. are used on approximately 9550 ha of golf course surfaces throughout the United States, primarily fairways and tees in transitional climates. Recently, cultivars featuring dwarf canopy height and improved quality have been released for putting green use; however, tolerance of these cultivars to postemergence herbicides is unknown. Field research was conducted in 2021 and 2022 evaluating the tolerance of Prizm® [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] and Lazer® [Z. matrella (L.) Merr. × Zoysia minima (Colenso) Zotov] zoysiagrass to pyrimisulfan + penoxsulam (Aethon™), pyrimisulfan (Arkon™), flazasulfuron (Katana®), 2,4‐D + quinclorac + dicamba + sulfentrazone (Q4® Plus), 2,4‐D + MCPP + dicamba + carfentrazone (SpeedZone® EW), 2,4‐D + MCPP + dicamba + sulfentrazone (Surge®), and pyrimisulfan (formulated as a granule; Vexis®). A nontreated check was included for comparison. All of these herbicides have commercial labeling for use on zoysiagrass (Zoysia Willd.); however, none of these herbicides have labeling for use on zoysiagrass putting greens. Application rates in this study exceeded label maximums (for use on zoysiagrass) to ascertain the upper limits of Prizm® and Lazer® tolerance to these herbicides in Knoxville, TN and College Station, TX, respectively. Plots were arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications at both sites. Turfgrass injury was visually evaluated with data subjected to analysis of variance. Prizm® in Tennessee exhibited commercially acceptable tolerance to the applied herbicides, resulting in ≤8% injury either year. Lazer® in Texas sustained injury ranging from 21% to 61% and 10% to 31% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Conditions of extreme heat and drought in Texas may have exacerbated differences in Lazer® tolerance to applied herbicides between years. Additional research across varying geographies and environmental conditions is needed to better understand tolerance of new zoysiagrass putting green lines, particularly within Z. minima.
Transcriptomic Analysis of the Protective Effect of Piperine on Orlistat Hepatotoxicity in Obese Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ledesma‐Aparicio Jessica , Mailloux‐Salinas Patrick , Arias‐Chávez David Julian , Campos‐Pérez Elihu , Calixto‐Tlacomulco Sandra , Cruz‐Rangel Armando , Reyes‐Grajeda Juan Pablo , Bravo Guadalupe
Published: November 2024

Obesity is a risk factor for the development of noncommunicable diseases that impair the quality of life. Orlistat is one of the most widely used drugs in the management of obesity due to its accessibility and low cost. However, cases of hepatotoxicity have been reported due to the consumption of this drug. On the other hand, piperine is an alkaloid found in black pepper that has demonstrated antiobesity, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, prebiotic, and hepatoprotective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of piperine on the toxicity of orlistat in liver tissue. Obese male rats were administered piperine (30 mg/kg), orlistat (60 mg/kg), and the orlistat‐piperine combination (30 mg/kg + 60 mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks. It was observed that the orlistat‐piperine treatment resulted in greater weight loss, decreased biochemical markers (lipid profile, liver enzymes, pancreatic lipase activity), and histopathological analysis showed decreased hepatic steatosis and reduction of duodenal inflammation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the administration of piperine with orlistat increased the expression of genes related to the beta‐oxidation of fatty acids, carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification of xenobiotics, and response to oxidative stress. Therefore, the results suggest that the administration of orlistat‐piperine activates signaling pathways that confer a hepatoprotective effect, reducing the toxic impact of this drug.
Prognostic significance of novel muscle quality index utilization in hospitalized adults with cancer: A secondary analysis
Authors: da Costa Pereira Jarson P. , Prado Carla M. , Gonzalez M. Cristina , Cabral Poliana C. , de Oliveira Guedes Francisco F. , da Silva Diniz Alcides , Fayh Ana P. T.
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate and propose novel approaches to calculate muscle quality index (MQI) using muscle mass derived from single‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SF‐BIA) and calf circumference in both unadjusted and body mass index (BMI)–adjusted forms. In addition, we examined their prognostic significance in patients with cancer.

Methods

A secondary analysis was conducted on a prospective cohort study of patients with cancer. Handgrip strength was measured. SF‐BIA was conducted to estimate appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST, in kilograms). MQI was calculated using three approaches: (1) the ratio of handgrip strength to ALST (MQISF‐BIA), (2) the ratio of handgrip strength to calf circumference (MQIcalf circumference), and (3) the ratio of handgrip strength to BMI‐adjusted calf circumference (MQIadj. calf circumference). Maximally selected log‐rank was calculated to estimate their cutoff values to predict survival.

Results

Two hundred eighty‐four patients were included (51.1% men; median age, 61 years). Solid tumors were the most frequent (89.8%). All approaches to MQI (MQISF‐BIA, MQIcalf circumference, and MQIadj. calf circumference) were independent predictors of 6‐month mortality. The found cutoffs were (1) MQISF‐BIA (<1.52 for men, <0.63 for women), (2) MQIcalf circumference (<0.74 for men, <0.24 for women), and (3) MQIadj. calf circumference (<0.75 for men, <0.25 for women).

Conclusion

This study introduces MQISF‐BIA, MQIcalf circumference, and MQIadj. calf circumference as future potential surrogate methods for computing MQI in clinical practice when other robust procedures are unavailable, pending further validation.
Rapid Identification of Chemical Constituents of Sanhua Decoction in Vivo and in Vitro and the Metabolites of Rhubarb Anthraquinone Aglycone by Ultra‐High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Xiang , Ma Jingmei , Qian Qi , Gao Le , Zhen Yaqin , Tian Yurou , Niu Liying , Wang Xinguo
Published: November 2024

Sanhua Decoction (SHD) is a classic prescription for the treatment of stroke in the clinic. Based on the combination strategy in vitro and in vivo, the chemical constituents of SHD were characterized by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry, and the metabolites of five effective anthraquinone aglycones (emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, aloe‐emodin, and physcion) of rhubarb in SHD were studied. A total of 222 compounds were isolated and identified in vitro, including 50 flavonoids and their glycosides, 41 coumarins, 22 anthraquinones, 22 tannins, 14 phenylpropanoids, 16 alkaloids, 18 organic acids and their esters, 14 lignans, six anthrones, and 19 other compounds. A total of 111 prototype components were isolated and identified in vivo. Among them, 26, 82, 101, and 46 prototype components and 87 metabolites were detected in plasma, urine, feces, and bile for the first time. This study provides a basis for the identification of chemical components in vivo and in vitro and the analysis of potential pharmacodynamic components of SHD, and provides a basis for further study of pharmacodynamic mechanism.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Outcomes in Type 1 Thyroplasty Comparing Silastic to Gore‐Tex
Authors: Vance Dylan G. , Allen David Z. , Leming Amy B. , Cox Madisyn , Fogg Sonya E. , Siddiqui Sameer H. , Wilson Hallie R. , Tritter Andrew G.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Type 1 Thyroplasty is a well‐established procedure used for medializing an immobile vocal fold. Silastic and Gore‐Tex are the two most common materials used to accomplish this, but comparative data on their relative efficacy are scarce. We sought to compare outcomes between Silastic and Gore‐Tex implants via systematic review and meta‐analysis for unilateral vocal fold immobility.

Methods

We collected available data from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science on demographics, maximum phonation time (MPT), voice handicap index (VHI‐10/30) score, and any other relevant metrics encountered before comparatively evaluating differences in outcomes.

Results

The search yielded 1,534 records with 55 manuscripts ultimately included. There were 41 unique studies that utilized Silastic for a total of 1038 patients. There were 13 unique studies that utilized Gore‐Tex for a total of 245 patients. The pooled mean increase in MPT for Silastic patients was 7.8 s (+1.3 SMD) compared with 5.7 s for Gore‐Tex (+1.6 SMD). There was significant publication bias present in both analyses. The pooled mean change in VHI‐30 with Silastic was −45.4 (62.2%, −2.09 SMD) compared with −51.6 (73.5%, −1.1 SMD) with Gore‐Tex. The pooled mean change in VHI‐10 with Silastic was −15.6 (54%, −0.46 SMD) compared with −11.6 (43%, −0.86 SMD) with Gore‐Tex. There was no significant publication bias present in VHI outcomes.

Conclusions

Silicone and Gore‐Tex implants provide adequate and comparable results in TT1. The data supporting this conclusion are limited by follow‐up, diversity in outcomes, limited data availability, and publication bias. Future research should be dedicated to comparing implants in a well‐randomized environment. Laryngoscope, 2024
Diagnostic Techniques for Infantile Subglottic Hemangiomas: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ezeh Uche C. , Tesema Naomi , Hasnie Sukaina , Ben‐Dov Tom , Gallant Sara C. , Gaffey Megan M. , Blei Francine , April Max M.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Infantile subglottic hemangioma (SGH) poses a risk of airway compromise if untreated. Traditionally, operative endoscopy (OH) diagnoses SGH, but since the discovery of beta‐blockers' efficacy in treating infantile hemangiomas (IHs) in 2008, and advances in endoscopic technology, nonoperative methods have emerged. This review identifies endoscopic practices for diagnosing and monitoring infantile SGH during the oral beta‐blocker treatment era.

Data Sources

A comprehensive literature search in October 2022 and August 2023 covered PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and Web of Science.

Review Methods

The search was limited to English‐language studies published since 2008, considering this when propranolol was demonstrated as an effective treatment option for IH. The articles were screened for relevance based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

After inclusion and exclusion criteria, sixty final studies were identified, describing 240 cases of infantile SGH. Most children were diagnosed using OE alone (73.3%; n = 176/240), 23.3% (n = 56/240) using office‐based laryngoscopy procedures (OBPs) followed by OE, 3.3% using OBP alone (n = 8/240). There were no reported diagnostic endoscopy‐related complications. Twenty‐nine studies described using endoscopy plus diagnostic imaging to either confirm an SGH lesion, characterize the extent of disease spread, or rule out other causes of presenting symptoms. The proportion of infants diagnosed with OE alone decreased from 2008 to 2023.

Conclusion

Operative endoscopy remains the SGH diagnostic standard, but OBP adoption is increasing. Further research is needed to determine the optimal SGH diagnosis and management approach.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2024
Submucosal Thyroarytenoid Myectomy with Arytenoidectomy in Treating Bilateral Vocal Fold Immobility
Authors: Damazo Benjamin , Nanda Nainika , Dailey Seth
Published: November 2024

Objective

Surgery for bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) aims to establish a patent airway while maintaining voice and swallow function, a unique dilemma. Current techniques display unfavorable healing vectors, and exposed endolaryngeal tissue results in substantial airway granulation requiring postoperative care. We present a novel technique to improve glottic airway patency by preserving laryngeal mucosal lining and harnessing lateral retraction of glottic tissue to reduce revisions for granulation tissue and laryngeal scar.

Methods

Case‐series analysis was performed on eight BVFI patients who underwent submucosal thyroarytenoid myectomy with arytenoidectomy for treatment from 2011 to 2021. Patient medical comorbidities and BVFI etiology were reviewed. Decannulation rates, revision procedures, requirement of emergency services, and pre‐ and postoperative status were assessed by laryngology and speech‐language pathology using the following metrics: VHI, DI, Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC), GRBAS, jitter percentage, shimmer percentage, pitch range, maximum phonation time, and dysphonia severity index, and diet type. Pre‐ and postoperative distal‐chip flexible laryngoscopy with stroboscopy was performed. Outcome measures were assessed using paired Student's t‐test of pre‐ and postoperative categorical variables.

Results

Successful decannulation was achieved in all (four of eight) patients with previous tracheostomy. All patients reported improved respiratory symptoms without tracheotomy. There was no difference in long‐term voice outcomes. All patients tolerated a mechanical soft or regular diet, without new or worsened dysphagia.

Conclusion

Submucosal thyroarytenoid myomectomy with arytenoidectomy represents an effective BVFI treatment, through utilizing natural vectors of scarring, preservation of endolaryngeal mucosa, and preservation of the superficial lamina propria and the vocal ligament.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Highly Sensitive Fiber Optic Current Sensors with Integrated λ/4 Retarder
Authors: Chen Shuo , Liu Zhanyuan , Niu Xiaochen , Huang Jie , Zhao Lei , Ke Yuan , Xia Li
Published: November 2024

Fiber optic current sensors have made unprecedented contributions to the safety and security of power grids. The λ/4 retarder, as a key component for generating circular polarization, can significantly enhance the performance of fiber optic current sensors (FOCS) due to its superior characteristics. However, traditional methods of fabricating homemade λ/4 retarders have inherent flaws. This study replaced the traditional λ/4 retarder in the all‐fiber current sensor with an integrated λ/4 retarder, which is proposed to convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light by controlling different spin rates of the spun fiber. The current sensitivity was increased from 0.235 to 0.404 mV/mA, and the noise was suppressed.
Quantitative Defect Analysis in CVD‐Grown Monolayer MoS2 via In‐Plane Raman Vibration
Authors: Hossen Moha Feroz , Shendokar Sachin , Khan Md. Arifur Rahman , Aravamudhan Shyam
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (2D‐TMD) materials gives rise to inherent defects, specifically chalcogen vacancies, due to thermodynamic equilibrium. Techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), flux growth method, and mechanical exfoliation produce large‐scale, uniform 2D TMD films, either in bulk or monolayers. However, defects on the film surface impact its quality, and it is necessary to measure defect density. The phonon confinement model indicates that the first‐order Raman band frequency shift depends on defect density. Monolayer Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) exhibits three phonon dispersions at the Brillouin zone edge (M point): out‐of‐plane optical phonon vibration (ZO), in‐plane longitudinal optical phonon vibration (LO), and in‐plane transverse optical phonon vibration (TO). The LO and ZO modes overlap with Raman in‐plane vibration (𝐸12g) and Raman out‐of‐plane vibration (𝐴1g), respectively, causing peak broadening. In the presence of defects, the Raman 𝐸12g vibration energy decreases due to a reduced restoring force constant. The Raman 𝐴1g vibration trend is random, influenced by both restoring force constant and mass. The study introduces a quantitative defect measurement technique for CVD‐grown monolayer MoS2 using Raman 𝐸12g mode, employing sequential data processing algorithms to reveal defect density on the film surface.
Factors Associated With Psychological Distress Among Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Lin Matthew E. , Wei Eric X. , Finegersh Andrey , Orloff Lisa A. , Noel Julia E. , Chen Michelle M.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To assess the prevalence of psychological distress (PD) among thyroid cancer patients (TCPs) and identify clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors associated with PD.

Study Design

Retrospective population‐based cohort study.

Setting

2016 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey.

Methods

Adults with cancer were included. The primary outcome measure was moderate‐to‐severe psychological distress (MSPD), defined as a respondent score ≥5 on the validated K6 Psychological Distress Scale. χ2 tests were used to assess differences in MSPD by cancer type. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to elucidate factors associated with MSPD among TCPs.

Results

The majority of TCPs (n = 684,674) were white (75.4%), female (78.5%), and on average 55.65 years old (SD = 13.2). 28.4% reported MSPD. On weighted analysis, TCPs were more likely to have MSPD than prostate (14.9%, P < .001), bladder (16.4%, P = .011), and nonmelanoma skin cancer (16.3%, P < .001) patients but less likely than pancreatic cancer (30.0%, P = .030) patients. TCPs who were older when surveyed (odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI, 0.88‐0.98), previously drank alcohol (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06‐0.91), and saw a general physician (GP) in the past year (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03‐0.56) were less likely to have MSPD. Female sex (OR, 8.12; 95% CI, 1.61‐40.89), increased number of medical comorbidities (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.00‐2.14), and functional limitations (OR, 4.55; 95% CI, 1.33‐15.74) were associated with increased likelihood of MSPD.

Conclusion

Nearly 30% of TCPs have MSPD, especially younger patients who do not regularly see GPs. Future work to identify the most at‐risk patients is needed to improve prevention and develop meaningful psychosocial interventions.
A nonlinear manifold model order reduction approach for thermo‐mechanically coupled plasticity
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Zhang Jian , Reese Stefanie , Brepols Tim
Published: November 2024

This study employs a nonlinear manifold mode order reduction (MOR) approach to address the high computational cost inherent in multi‐physical nonlinear models, which are discretized by the finite element method (FEM), with a particular focus on thermo‐mechanically coupled plasticity under finite strain conditions. Utilizing nodal snapshots obtained from a full‐order simulation, a projection matrix is constructed through singular value decomposition (SVD), facilitating the construction of a reduced system within a lower‐dimensional space. This reduction process entails the multiplication of the discretized residual vector and stiffness matrix by a linear projection matrix, complemented by the incorporation of a nonlinear projection component to ensure accurate reconstruction within the nonlinear part. Subsequently, a comprehensive three‐dimensional benchmark test is conducted to assess the accuracy and efficacy of the reduced‐order model.
Sustainability in bridge design—investigation of the potential of topology optimization and additive manufacturing on a model scale
Authors: Masarczyk Daniela , Arold Tizian , Niendorf Thomas , Kuhl Detlef
Published: November 2024

Bridge design represents a typical challenge in civil engineering. The high material usage in combination with the considerable construction effort makes their longevity a strongly desirable property. A mechanically efficient design contributes to optimum load distribution within the structure. Numerical topology optimization represents a valuable tool that can be applied for form finding of load‐appropriate structural layouts within a predefined design‐space. This study takes application of topology optimization to bridge design into focus. Different bridge types are designed using topology optimization considering self‐weight based on a routine that was presented in a previous work. The bridge designs are examined in detail and compared to already existing bridges with regard to the requirements of modern structures. In order to demonstrate manufacturability of the designs, they are realized on a model scale using an additive manufacturing (am) technique in the powder bed. The knowledge gained from this small scale consideration is transferred to the context of civil engineering to highlight the potential of AM in realization of resource efficient construction.
Effects of openings on postbuckling behavior of large‐size composite C‐beam under bending‐shear coupling load
Authors: Wang Qianwen , Zhang Fa , Xu Jifeng , Wan Yumin
Published: November 2024

Proper design and accurate mechanical assessment of composite C‐beam after opening are of great importance in structure engineering. This paper aims to experimentally and analytically investigate the postbuckling response of large‐size C‐beam with web opening under bending‐shear coupling load. New specimen with four different open shapes were designed and tested. Strain gauges and displacement measurements were applied to monitor its buckling behavior, strain field distribution and critical failure load. Four specimens with various openings were loaded until catastrophic failure occurred. Additionally, an analytical model was introduced to predict the residual strength of circular opening. The results indicate that while the presence of an opening significantly decreases the load carrying capacity, it has minimal effect on the bending stiffness. Compared with intact specimen, the initial delamination, buckling and ultimate strength of the circular opening decreases less than those of the rectangular opening. By altering the position of the rectangular opening, improvements can be made in terms of initial delamination resistance and buckling load; however, ultimate strength remains largely unaffected. Reinforcing the edge of an opening further reduces resistance to initial delamination but other two indicators are improved. Overall, from buckling to failure stages, post‐buckling bearing capacity after opening decreases by 40%. Moreover, the shear failure mode is observed during catastrophic failures. And the analysis method employed is relatively conservative.

Highlights

Ten large size composite C beams are conducted under coupling loads.

Deformation, strain distribution and failure mode are presented.

Influence of openings on postbuckling behavior of beam is analyzed.

An analysis method is employed to predict the residual strength of beam.

It could provide valuable insights for assisting in designing beam openings.
Paper‐based sensors for real‐time cure monitoring in the production of glass fiber‐reinforced phenol‐formaldehyde composites for aerospace interiors
Authors: Khalifa Mohammed , Lammer Herfried , Gupta Nitin , Wuzella Günter
Published: November 2024

The aerospace industries demand for advanced materials necessitates stringent quality control measures, particularly for composite structures to ensure optimal curing and structural integrity. Traditional methods like differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis, while useful, are limited to laboratory settings. This study explores the use of a printed paper‐based sensor for real‐time cure monitoring of glass fiber‐reinforced phenol‐formaldehyde (PF/GF) prepregs. The sensor, composed of a cellulose paper substrate with screen‐printed electrodes, offers flexibility, ease of integration, and cost‐effectiveness compared to commercial polymer‐based dielectric sensors. Real‐time monitoring with the printed paper‐based sensor was conducted at temperatures ranging from 130 to 180°C, both with and without pressure, and validated against DSC and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed a strong correlation between real‐time monitoring and the DSC prediction model, as well as FTIR spectroscopy. Notably, the real‐time monitoring revealed a shorter curing cycle on the production line than the predicted cure kinetic model, which is crucial for large‐scale production, such as fabricating honeycomb panels for aircraft interiors. This research underscores the importance of innovative sensor technologies in improving quality control and manufacturing efficiency in aerospace composites.

Highlights

Cure Monitoring of PF‐based prepregs was carried out using paper‐based sensor.

Sensor offered reproducibility and seamless integration in composites.

Sensor data showed a strong correlation with DSC and FTIR spectroscopy results.

Paper sensors enable online monitoring of composite in aerospace manufacturing.
Mpemba‐Effekt in einem Quantensimulator
Authors: Franke Johannes , Kranzl Florian , Joshi Manoj
Published: November 2024

Der Mpemba‐Effekt, bei dem heißes Wasser unter bestimmten Bedingungen schneller gefriert als kaltes, ist ein faszinierendes Phänomen. Forschern der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Universität Innsbruck ist es nun mithilfe eines Quantensimulators gelungen, einen ähnlichen Effekt in der Quantenmechanik zu beobachten. Der sogenannte Quanten‐Mpemba‐Effekt beschreibt dabei einen Prozess, bei dem ein anfänglich weiter vom Gleichgewicht entfernter Quantenzustand schneller in den Gleichgewichtszustand übergeht.
Die innersten Schalen durchleuchtet
Authors: Jacobi Manfred
Published: November 2024

Der Nobelpreis für Physik des Jahres 1924 ging an Manne Siegbahn „für seine röntgenspektroskopischen Entdeckungen und Forschungen“.
Italo Calvinos Cosmicomics
Authors: Mecke Klaus
Published: November 2024

Komik verbindet Physik und Literatur, wenn mit anthropomorpher Imagination über abstrakte Ideen von Raum, Zeit und Materie erzählt wird.
A strategy for identification and characterization of genic mutations using a temperature‐sensitive chlorotic soybean mutant as an example
Authors: Hancock C. Nathan , Germany Tetandianocee , Redd Priscilla , Timmons Jack , Lipford Jeffery , Burns Samantha , Cervantes‐Perez Sergio Alan , Libault Marc , Shen Wenhao , An Yong‐qiang Charles , Kanizay Lisa , Yerka Melinda , Parrott Wayne A.
Published: November 2024

Screening a transposon‐mutagenized soybean population led to the discovery of a recessively inherited chlorotic phenotype. This “y24” phenotype results in smaller stature, weaker stems, and a smaller root system. Genome sequencing identified 15 candidate genes with mutations likely to result in a loss of function. Amplicon sequencing of a segregating population was then used to narrow the list to a single candidate mutation, a single‐base change in Glyma.07G102300 that disrupts splicing of the second intron. Single cell transcriptomic profiling indicates that this gene is expressed primarily in mesophyll cells, and RNA sequencing data indicate that it is upregulated in germinating seedlings by cold stress. Previous studies have shown that mutations to Os05g34040, the rice ortholog of Glyma.07G102300, produced a chlorotic phenotype that was more pronounced in cool temperatures. Growing soybean y24 mutants at lower temperatures also resulted in a more severe phenotype. In addition, transgenic expression of wild‐type Glyma.07G102300 in the knockout mutant of the Arabidopsis ortholog At4930720 rescues the chlorotic phenotype, further supporting the hypothesis that the mutation in Glyma.07G102300 is causal of the y24 phenotype. The variant analysis strategy used to identify the genes underlying this phenotype provides a template for the study of other soybean mutants.
Vineyard maturity increases arbuscular mycorrhizal and decreases plant pathogen fungal relative abundance in bulk soil across a 1,000 km Chilean gradient
Authors: Marín César , Dittrich Felix , Vasar Martti , Gaínza‐Cortés Felipe , Silva‐Flores Patricia , Aguilera Paula
Published: November 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Wine production has a significant impact on the global economy. Despite this, the microbial composition of the terroir has not been studied sufficiently, particularly in the southern hemisphere. Here, we investigated how bulk soil fungal communities are affected by several abiotic and biotic factors across 1,000 km of Chilean vineyards. We found that geographical distance was the main driver of vineyard soil fungal communities. Irrespective of variety, older vineyards host a higher relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and a lower relative abundance of plant pathogenic fungi. This result could lead to significant recommendations on when to apply AMF‐based inoculants.

The microbial dimension of the terroir has been increasingly recognized as an essential factor determining vineyard productivity and quality. Despite this, few studies have analyzed the factors affecting soil fungal communities of vineyards in the southern hemisphere. Across a 1,000 km gradient encompassing 34 Chilean vineyards, we investigated the effects of grapevine variety, geographical distance, maturity, and soil chemical properties on the diversity and composition of soil fungi.

We implemented standard soil chemical analyses and ITS‐based DNA metabarcoding of bulk soil.

We found that the total soil fungal composition was significantly affected by geographical distance but not by grapevine variety and maturity. Soil chemical dissimilarity also significantly affected soil fungal composition. When analyzing specific fungal guilds, we found a contrasting successional pattern: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal relative abundance was significantly higher at medium and old‐maturity vineyards compared with young vineyards, on which plant pathogenic fungi had a markedly lower abundance.

Our results present several caveats: the molecular marker was not the most commonly used for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bulk soil was sampled (instead of roots), and all abundances were relative. Still, this study constitutes one of the most extensive studies on soil fungi – both for vineyards and Chile – and might have practical implications, as knowing the drivers of fungal and mycorrhizal biodiversity can inform agricultural management decisions.
Unilateral Pulmonary Vein Atresia in a Child
Authors: Liu Jia‐Bei , Liu Peng
Published: November 2024

We describe a case of unilateral pulmonary vein atresia in a child who presented with a recurrent cough. Pulmonary artery CT angiography confirmed the diagnosis. In addition, we found anomalous blood‐supplying arteries from the abdominal aorta, which makes this case even rarer.
Theoretical Prediction of Crystal Structure of Mo2Ga2B and Its Evolution to Layered Boride Mo2B
Authors: Cui Shouxin , Feng Wenxia , Ma Biao , Li Jun
Published: November 2024

Conventional Mn+1AXn phases are a large family of compounds that have been limited to carbides and nitrides. Herein, the stable structure of Mo2Ga2B, a typical boron‐based ternary phase in the Mo‐Ga‐B system, using a computational structure search approach is predicted. The predicted hexagonal‐layered structure is the typical structure of traditional Mn+1AXn phases, and two Ga layers separate Mo2B blocks in Mo2Ga2B, which is different from the M2AX phases. The analysis of phonon dispersions and elastic constants confirms that the hexagonal‐layered structure exhibits both dynamical and mechanical stability, respectively. The tensile and shear stress–strain curves are obtained, and the structural stability is investigated by analyzing the stability of chemical bonds under tensile and shear deformations. Layered Mo2B can be obtained by the removal of Ga layer from the precursor Mo2Ga2B. Theoretical predictions indicate that monolayer Mo2B is metallic, and has potential applications as an anode and thermoelectric material.
Bulk Single Crystals and Physical Properties of Rutile GeO2 for High‐Power Electronics and Deep‐Ultraviolet Optoelectronics
Authors: Galazka Zbigniew , Blukis Roberts , Fiedler Andreas , Bin Anooz Saud , Zhang Jijun , Albrecht Martin , Remmele Thilo , Schulz Tobias , Klimm Detlef , Pietsch Mike , Kwasniewski Albert , Dittmar Andrea , Ganschow Steffen , Juda Uta , Stolze Karoline , Suendermann Manuela , Schroeder Thomas , Bickermann Matthias
Published: November 2024

The top‐seeded solution growth for rutile GeO2 single crystals using alkali carbonates or fluorides as flux is applied. Structural data of obtained single crystals confirm the rutile phase with a = b = 4.3966 Å and c = 2.8612 Å. The crystals with diameter of 5–15 mm are either undoped or intentionally doped with Sb5+, Sn4+, Al3+, Ga3+, and F− ions. It is found that Sb5+ is a very efficient n‐type donor enabling free electron concentration even above 1020 cm−3; thus, Sb‐doped GeO2 is a potential substrate for vertical power devices. In contrast, crystals doped with Al and Ga do not show p‐type conductivity suggested by the theory. The onset of the absorption occurs at 5.0 and 5.5 eV perpendicular and parallel to the c‐axis, respectively. Rutile GeO2 shows a very intense photoluminescence peaking at 420 nm (blue) and 520 nm (green). Raman spectra show narrow lines, in particular at high phonon energy (B1g, 170 cm−1). Prepared wafers show FWHM values of rocking curves below 30 arcsec and polishing is achieved down to RMS roughness of 0.15 nm. Transmission electron microscopy images do not show point or extended structural defects with uniform Sb distribution.
Structural and Electrical Characterization of Solution‐Deposited β‐Ga2O3:Al
Authors: Muramba Valentine W. , Ali Abdulraoof I. A. , Nel Jacqueline M.
Published: November 2024

The wide bandgap oxide semiconductor thin films are synthesized using tetrahydroxogallate (III) ammonium {NH4Ga(OH)4} precursor at a concentration of 10 at% Ga and varying amounts of hydrated aluminum nitrate between 0.6 and 3.2 at%. Thin films of β‐Ga2O3:Al are synthesized by spin coating and spray pyrolysis with postannealing in nitrogen ambient at 930 °C. The structural properties of the thin films are investigated using XRD and Raman spectroscopy, while the electrical characteristics are determined using 4‐point probe, current–voltage (I–V), and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements with Ti/Al/Ni/Au Ohmic contacts and Pd/Au Schottky contacts. The β‐Ga2O3 with 2.2 at% Al is found to be the optimal concentration in this study, resulting in ideality factors of 1.10 and 1.09, saturation currents of 3.17 × 10−6 and 3.10 × 10−6 A, Schottky barrier heights of 0.73 and 0.88 eV, and series resistances of 948 and 955 Ω, for the spin‐coated and pyrolytically sprayed samples respectively.
Antidepressant use and dementia risk
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: November 2024

Use of antidepressants in elderly patients has raised concerns over the risk of impaired cognition and development of dementia. The research data evaluating this potential association are conflicting, however, with little information on the effects of long‐term exposure or potential differences among the various classes of antidepressants (Wang et al., 2018).
Witnessing Entanglement and Quantum Correlations in Condensed Matter: A Review
Authors: Laurell Pontus , Scheie Allen , Dagotto Elbio , Tennant D. Alan
Published: November 2024

The detection and certification of entanglement and quantum correlations in materials is of fundamental and far‐reaching importance, and has seen significant recent progress. It impacts both the understanding of the basic science of quantum many‐body phenomena as well as the identification of systems suitable for novel technologies. Frameworks suitable to condensed matter that connect measurements to entanglement and coherence have been developed in the context of quantum information theory. These take the form of entanglement witnesses and quantum correlation measures.

The underlying theory of these quantities, their relation to condensed matter experimental techniques, and their application to real materials are comprehensively reviewed. In addition, their usage in, e.g., protocols, the relative advantages and disadvantages of witnesses and measures, and future prospects in, e.g., correlated electrons, entanglement dynamics, and entangled spectroscopic probes, are presented. Consideration is given to the interdisciplinary nature of this emerging research and substantial ongoing progress by providing an accessible and practical treatment from fundamentals to application. Particular emphasis is placed on quantities accessible to collective measurements, including by susceptibility and spectroscopic techniques. This includes the magnetic susceptibility witness, one‐tangle, concurrence and two‐tangle, two‐site quantum discord, and quantum coherence measures such as the quantum Fisher information.
Electrochemical Properties of MIL‐100(Fe) Derived Double‐Shell Coating Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Li Kai , Zeng Min , Xie Ziying , Ding Ling , Jiang MinXiang , Tang ZhiWen , Li Jing
Published: November 2024

Fe‐based anode materials with a high specific capacity, non‐toxic and abundant resources are among the ideal anode candidates for the new generation of LIBs. But their significant bulk effect causes the problems of the broken electrode structure and short cycle life that seriously hinder their practical applications. Herein, we prepared the core‐shell structure Fe3O4@C@SiO2 for the anode of LIBs by MIL‐101(Fe) derivatization using the solvent thermal method combined with the hydrolytic coating method. The porous carbon layer generated in situ by MOF pyrolysis, together with the coating of the SiO2 shell, can mitigate the volume expansion of ferric tetroxide during the cycling process. With these structural advantages, the Fe3O4@C@SiO2 anode preserves excellent performance with a specific capacity of 716 mAh/g for the 300 cycles at 1 A/g and 428 mAh/g after 2000 cycles as the density is up to 5 A/g. This work presents a promising approach for preparing SiO2‐coated core‐shell structured TMOs composite anodes.
Formamidinium Lead Iodide‐Based Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication With an Electrospun‐Reduced Graphene Oxide Back Electrode: A Novel Approach
Authors: Velu Kuppu Sakthi , Mohandoss Sonaimuthu , Aslam Mohammad , Manimekalai Alagumalai , Ahmad Naushad , Sun Seho
Published: November 2024

In this work, low‐cost and simple structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated using formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) as the light absorber and reduced graphene oxide nanofibers (rGO NFs) as the counter electrode (CE). The FAPbI3 light absorber was prepared using a two‐step solution process, whereas the rGO NFs were synthesized through a simple electrospinning method. The as‐prepared FAPbI3 and rGO NFs were characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis. The surface morphology of the as‐prepared FAPbI3 and rGO NFs showed crystalline and bead‐free fiber structures, as confirmed by HRTEM and FESEM image analysis. The AFM topographical images of FAPbI3 and rGO NFs further reveal the crystalline and fiber structures. XRD pattern analysis confirmed the cubic crystalline phase of FAPbI3 and the graphitic nature of rGO NFs. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies, the PSC assembled with the FAPbI3 light absorber and rGO NFs‐based CE demonstrated an electrical conductivity of 3.64 × 10−4 S cm−1. The fabricated PSC device achieved an efficiency of 8.78% compared to the 7.49% efficiency of the device with a sputtered gold CE. This work uniquely integrates advanced materials, cost‐effective manufacturing, and enhanced efficiency in PSCs using FAPbI3 light absorbers and rGO NFs, addressing key challenges in cost and sustainability in solar technology.
Synergy of Nanocrystallinity, Temperature, and “the Third Element Effect” for Uncommon Oxidation Resistance of Fe‐Cr‐Al Alloys
Authors: Raman R. K. Singh , Kumar Rajiv , Bakshi S. R.
Published: November 2024

Nanocrystalline structure, oxidation temperature, and “The Third Element Effect” are among the factors that can profoundly govern the characteristics of the oxide scales that develop on oxidation‐resistant alloys, thereby, their synergistic effect can considerably influence alloys’ oxidation kinetics. As a result of the synergy, certain iron‐chromium‐aluminium (Fe‐Cr‐Al) alloy showed superior oxidation resistance at 800 °C than at 700 °C (whereas oxidation resistance commonly decreases with the increase in temperature). The superior resistance at higher temperatures is considerably enhanced when the structure of the alloy is nanocrystalline vis‐à‐vis the common microcrystalline structure. Nanocrystalline alloy oxidizes at a negligible rate (c.f., its microcrystalline counterpart). The characterization of the oxide scale demonstrates that the oxidation temperature governs the formation of the protective oxide scale with/without the assistance of the “Third element Effect”. The findings may potentially have considerable commercial implications.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yu Yunru , Zhang Changqing , Yang Xin , Sun Lingyu , Bian Feika
Published: November 2024

Magnetic nanoparticles have attracted great attention and become promising candidates in the biomedicine field due to their special physicochemical properties. They are generally divided into metallic and non‐metallic magnetic nanoparticles, according to their compositions. Both of the two types have shown practical values in biomedicine applications, such as drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and so on. Research efforts are devoted to the improvement of synthesis strategies to achieve magnetic nanoparticles with controllable morphology, diverse composition, active surface, or multiple functions. Taking high repeatability, programmable operation, precise fluid control, and simple device into account, the microfluidics system can expand the production scale and develop magnetic nanoparticles with desired features. This review will first describe different classifications of promising magnetic nanoparticles, followed by the advancements in microfluidic synthesis and the latest biomedical applications of these magnetic nanoparticles. In addition, the challenges and prospects of magnetic nanoparticles in the biomedical field are also discussed.
Dynamic fractal organizations—A boundaries based‐view of knowledge
Authors: Kodama Mitsuru
Published: November 2024

Collective phronesis is the collection of the best‐distributed phronesis of humans and is also integrated phronesis for all management that combines the collective wisdom of individuals within and even between organizations. In a good organization, rather than only certain heroes with phronesis creating new knowledge, phronesis is organized to realize innovation by bringing together the high‐quality wisdom and practical power of various practitioners at all levels of the organization, as well as in its customers and partners. This makes it possible to build dynamic fractal organizations – tough collectives that can respond creatively and with agility in real‐time, no matter what occurs, including rapid changes in the environment. However, little is known from previous studies regarding the formation mechanisms of collective phronesis and dynamic fractal organizations. In this paper, we present a new theoretical model of the formation mechanism of collective phronesis, and dynamic fractal organizations based on inductive research through field surveys and in‐depth case studies, expanding on the concept of boundaries knowledge, which has been explored in existing research.
Rainmaking: Observed with social systems theory
Authors: Roth Steffen , Sales Augusto , Clausen Lars
Published: November 2024

This article examines contemporary efforts to control climate change through the lens of social systems theory, particularly by drawing comparisons to rain dances and shamanic rituals. It argues that modern climate control strategies bear functional similarities to archaic rituals aimed at influencing weather patterns, despite the absence of direct causality. Using Niklas Luhmann's concepts of autopoietic systems and functional equivalence, the article demonstrates that both historical and contemporary approaches to climate influence rely on blame‐shifting mechanisms and the social production of scapegoats, with failure often attributed not to the rituals or solutions themselves but to noncompliance or impurity among participants. The originality of this article lies in its application of social systems theory to link contemporary climate control strategies with ancient rituals, positioning them as functionally equivalent social phenomena. By drawing comparisons between shamanistic practices, corporate consulting, and global climate governance, the article provides a unique lens for understanding that the primary function of modern climate efforts may be to regulate social behaviour rather than achieving concrete natural environmental outcomes.