bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of a Mobile Sensor-Based Gait Analysis Method for Outcome Measurement after Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Calliess Tilman , Bocklage Raphael , Karkosch Roman , Marschollek Michael , Windhagen Henning , Schulze Mareike
Published: August 2014

Clinical scores and motion-capturing gait analysis are today’s gold standard for outcome measurement after knee arthroplasty, although they are criticized for bias and their ability to reflect patients’ actual quality of life has been questioned. In this context, mobile gait analysis systems have been introduced to overcome some of these limitations. This study used a previously developed mobile gait analysis system comprising three inertial sensor units to evaluate daily activities and sports. The sensors were taped to the lumbosacral junction and the thigh and shank of the affected limb. The annotated raw data was evaluated using our validated proprietary software. Six patients undergoing knee arthroplasty were examined the day before and 12 months after surgery. All patients reported a satisfactory outcome, although four patients still had limitations in their desired activities. In this context, feasible running speed demonstrated a good correlation with reported impairments in sports-related activities. Notably, knee flexion angle while descending stairs and the ability to stop abruptly when running exhibited good correlation with the clinical stability and proprioception of the knee. Moreover, fatigue effects were displayed in some patients. The introduced system appears to be suitable for outcome measurement after knee arthroplasty and has the potential to overcome some of the limitations of stationary gait labs while gathering additional meaningful parameters regarding the force limits of the knee.
Electrochemical Detection of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Milk Using a Magneto Immunosensor
Authors: Pinacho Daniel , Sánchez-Baeza Francisco , Pividori María-Isabel , Marco María-Pilar
Published: August 2014

An amperometric magneto-immunosensor (AMIS) for the detection of residues of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in milk samples is described for the first time. The immunosensor presented combines magnetic beads biomodified with an antibody with a broad recognition profile of fluoroquinolones, a haptenized enzyme and a magnetic graphite–epoxy composite (m-GEC) electrode. After the immunochemical reaction with specific enzyme tracer, the antibody biomodified magnetic beads are easily captured by an electrode made of graphite-epoxy composite containing a magnet, which also acts as transducer for the electrochemical detection. In spite of the complexity of milk, the use of magnetic beads allows elimination of potential interferences caused by the matrix components; hence the AMIS could perform quantitative measurements, directly in these samples, without any additional sample cleanup or extraction step. The immunosensor is able to detect up to seven different fluoroquinolones far below the MRLs defined by the UE for milk; for example ciprofloxacin is detected directly in milk with an IC50 of 0.74 µg/L and a LOD of 0.009 µg/L. This strategy offers great promise for rapid, simple, cost-effective, and on-site analysis fluoroquinolones in complex samples.
Development of a Geographical Information System (GIS) for the Integration of Solar Energy in the Energy Planning of a Wide Area
Authors: Massimo Angelamaria , Dell'Isola Marco , Frattolillo Andrea , Ficco Giorgio
Published: August 2014

Energy planning has become one of the most powerful tools for urban planning even if several constraints, (i.e., aesthetic, archaeological, landscape) and technological (low diffusion of Renewable Energy Sources, RES) reduce its spreading. An efficient and sustainable urban planning process should be based on detailed energy issues, such as: (i) the effective energetic characteristics and needs of the area like urban density and energy consumption, (ii) the integration of different RES and (iii) the diffusion of high efficiency technologies for energy production like cogeneration and district heating. The above-mentioned energetic issues and constraints must be constantly updated, in order to evaluate the consequences on environment and landscape due to new distributed generation technologies. Moreover, energy strategies and policies must be adapted to the actual evolution of the area. In this paper the authors present a Geographical Information Database System (GIS DB) based on: (i) the availability of land use (Land Capability Classification, LCC) to evaluate the productive potential; (ii) the estimation of residential energy consumptions (e.g., electricity), (iii) the integration of RES. The GIS DB model has been experimented in a wide area of Central Italy, considering exclusively the solar energy source for energy generation.
Pour une conservation préventive de l'ichtyofaune dans les marécages côtiers de Guyane orientale
Authors: Jégu Michel , Keith Philippe
Published: August 2014

From a biogeographical point of view, two main areas can be identified in the Guianese coastal marshes : the first east of Cayenne, with its distinctive habitats and fauna showing strong Amazonian affinities, the second west of Cayenne, sharing the same fauna and flora as the rest of northeastern South America. East of Cayenne, the Kay marshes and Gabrielle cove appear to form a continuity with the Amazon through the coastal marshes lying between the Approuague and the Araguari. A closer look at the ichthyofauna in eastern French Guiana's coastal marshes and in the State of Amapa, Brazil, reveals marked differences in the species found on either side of the Oyapock River. Carnivorous species typical of the floodlands of the central Amazon are found in the marshes south of the Oyapock River. Access to these areas of French Guiana was restricted because they are highly inhospitable and the roads are hazardous. However, a new bridge built in Roura affords direct access to Kaw ; more importantly, an extension of Route Nationale 2 to the Oyapock will soon be opened and the construction of a road is planned between Regina on Approuague River and the Kaw marshes, greatly facilitating access to that part of Guiana. Among the species found on the Brazilian side, some are very valuable economically as food or for export as pets, while others are prized for sport fishing or because they are exotic. Pressure to introduce some of these in Guiana will be felt very soon. Current knowledge on how these marshes function is not sufficient for us to make any prediction as to what impact their introduction would have on local ecosystems. Besides implementing preventive regulations, which would have to be strictly enforced, we suggest that comparative studies be carried out rapidly on the marshes on either side of the lower Oyapock River, so as to put forward management models for the long term and, if necessary, propound conservation measures.
Conservation de la diversité structurale et fonctionnelle de la fertilité des sols en Guyane
Authors: Betsch Jean-Marie
Published: August 2014

La conservation des sols est une nécessité à tout instant et en tout endroit, et pas seulement dans des zones protégées. Les sols forestiers tropicaux sont fragiles, l'essentiel des processus de biodégradation se situant au-dessus du sol, dans la litière, et dans le très mince horizon édaphique supérieur, humifère. L'érosion du sol, en l'absence de couverture végétale, s'amplifie très fortement.
Les tortues marines en Guyane française : bilan de vingt ans de recherche et de conservation
Authors: Fretey Jacques , Lescure Jean
Published: August 2014

Un historique des campagnes et un bilan des recherches sur les tortues marines, en particulier la tortue luth Dermochelys coriacea, en Guyane française, de 1977 à 1996, sont effectués. Les travaux concernant la délimitation des plages de ponte, l'effet de la température d'incubation des oeufs sur la différenciation sexuelle, l'incubation artificielle en écloserie, la sexe-ratio à l'éclosion dans la nature, la prédation sur les nouveau-nés, la croissance, les migrations et l'impact des touristes sont présentés. Les études démographiques réalisées font l'objet d'un autre article de ce numéro spécial. Les plages de la Basse Mana sont les sites de ponte les plus importants au monde pour la tortue luth, la concentration de femelles la plus forte se trouve sur la plage des Hattes (ou Yalimapo). Les tortues qui y pondent ont été revues le long des côtes de plusieurs pays : Venezuela, Cuba, Etats-Unis, Terre Neuve, Espagne, France (Bretagne), Maroc et vraisemblablement Gabon.
Conservation et gestion d'une biodiversité reconnue mais méconnue : le cas des mollusques continentaux en Guyane
Authors: Gargominy Olivier , Ripken Théo
Published: August 2014

La diversité en mollusques des forêts tropicales, n'est pas, contrairement à celle des insectes, réputée très importante. Cependant des études récentes, notamment en Guyane, ont montré qu'il existe en fait une véritable radiation de micro-gastéropodes dans la litière (jusqu'à 19 espèces sur un mètre carré). Des pans entiers de la biodiversité restent à découvrir. Une rapide analyse des menaces qui pèsent sur une telle faune suffit à mettre en évidence le rôle principal de la destruction ou la modification des milieux, par deforestation, pollution, ou intervention d'espèces introduites. Il en découle que les mollusques doivent être protégés à travers leurs habitats, et deux solutions sont alors envisagées pour la création d'aires protégées. Les auteurs mettent également en avant le rôle fondamental des scientifiques, des associations de protection de la nature et des instances locales, mais aussi des industriels, dans la protection de ce riche patrimoine naturel.
Valorisation et exploitation des plantes médicinales de la Guyane : le point de vue d'un phytochimiste
Authors: Moretti Christian
Published: August 2014

How can medicinal plants be exploited without jeopardizing their sustainability ? What are or will be the conditions for access to genetic resources, within the framework of the recent international agreements on Biodiversity ? How can the intellectual property rights deriving from recognition of the local communities' traditional wisdom be protected in a product development approach ? Sustainable exploitation of French Guiana's medicinal plants raises a series of issues that this article attempts to address. It discusses medicinal plants in terms of the values proposed by economists, i.e., "productive values", obtained by marketing plant-based medicines, "direct consumption values", referring to the local usage presently made of medicinal plant, and "optional use values", expressing the exploitable potential of natural products. This high potential justifies stepping up research efforts and, in the author's opinion, the creation of a plant biodiversity research and product development institute in French Guiana, involving everyone from research bodies to representatives of local communities and businesses.
Le Parc de la forêt tropicale guyanaise : espace de vie ou dernier avatar du colonialisme ?
Authors: Navet Éric
Published: August 2014

The project of creating a natural park in the southern Guianese forest should be an integral part of comprehensive, global measures to preserve not only biodiversity but also, and inseparably, ethnodiversity. The views expressed by certain local businessmen and decision-makers raise fears that, within the Park itself, strictly economic imperatives may supplant ecological motives and perpetuate, under the guise of « development » (mining, uncontrolled ecotourism, or even ethnolounsm), superannuated policies which, especially since the reinforcement of departmental status and French influence in the 60s, have already led to highly problematic situations, from a cultural and environmental perspective. The Amerindians, the first concerned by this project, demand legal guarantees for their right to preserve a lifestyle which has long proven the capacity of a human society to live in an environment without necessarily destroying it.
Les Amérindiens wayana et la mise en place du projet de Parc national guyanais
Authors: Leprêtre Ludovic
Published: August 2014

Cet article récapitule l'historique du projet de Parc national du sud de la Guyane et s'attarde sur quelques unes des tentatives les plus récentes pour résoudre la question territoriale amérindienne. Dans la mesure où la pratique conservationniste en Amazonie s'appuie sur le postulat que les Amérindiens partageraient avec elle un même rapport patrimonial à la nature, les fondements animistes de ces rapports sont réexaminés. La société wayana étant traversée par de nombreux bouleversements socio-économiques, certains d'entre eux sont ensuite reliés à ceux que l'on peut attendre de la mise en place future du parc.
Les tarodières irriguées de l'île Vanua Lava, une marque identitaire dans le système social inter-îles (îles Banks-Vanuatu)
Authors: Lanouguère-Bruneau Virginie
Published: August 2014

Through the study of the cultivation of irrigated taro in Vanua Lava (Banks islands, Vanuatu) I wish to understand the social value of taro in the Banks islands. This area of Vanuatu is an homogenous group although the islands are diversified, as are their evolution as regards modernity. The hypothesis is that the irrigated systems of taro cultivation in Vanua Lava has to do with the expression of values and a cultural determinations more than with any constraint of the environment. The systemic finality of this kind of agriculture consists of local and regional exchange relationships which ensures a kind of lasting interdependency between diversified cultural identities
Migration d'une plante et migration de ses représentations. Le taro de marécage (Cyrtosperma chamissonis) sur Nikunau et Tabuaeran (République de Kiribati)
Authors: Di Piazza Anne
Published: August 2014

Le présent article examine les techniques horticoles, le système classificatoire et le complexe cérémoniel relatifs au taro de marécage (Cyrtosperma chamissonis) développés par les habitants de Nikunau dans l'archipel des îles Gilbert (République de Kiribati). Il questionne le devenir de ces mêmes pratiques dans une société de migrants récents vivant sur Tabuaeran dans l'archipel des îles de la Ligne (toujours en République de Kiribati) et originaires des Gilbert. L'étude comparative de ces deux sociétés pour qui le taro demeure une plante de prestige, nous permet d'établir que les conduites les plus quotidiennes - et l'horticulture est de celle-là - sont les plus déterminées, les plus traditionnelles et constituent de véritables rituels. A l'inverse, le complexe cérémoniel horticole auquel on réserve plus couramment le nom de rituel, semble moins emprunt de tradition.
La patate douce et l'arachide : transformations d'une agriculture Yali (Irian Jaya, Indonésie)
Authors: Boissière Manuel
Published: August 2014

At an altitude of 1000 meter, in an area of mountains still covered by dense forests, the valley of the Heluk river is occupied by the Yali, the fifth most important ethnic group in Irian Jaya. The Yali are practising swidden cultivation of sweet potato, without using slash-and-burn technique. An intensification of agricultural practices can be described, since the Yali differentiate six kinds of gardens, according to the way the soil is prepared. Supposing that certain practices, as mounds, are recently introduced here, adapted to the cultivation of new crops, as groundnuts, we can study the way these new plants and practices are integrated to the technical and social systems of the Yali. The result is that they are not modifying the traditional agricultural cycle, as no increase of the population disturbs the stability of this cycle.
Bio-indicateurs paysans de la fertilité des sols et gestion du cycle culture-jachère en zone soudanienne (Burkina Faso)
Authors: Somé Antoine , Alexandre Daniel-Yves , Hien Victor
Published: August 2014

Des espèces essentiellement herbacées sont utilisées par les paysans pour définir un itinéraire technique à appliquer aux parcelles en culture. L'abandon et la remise en culture d'une parcelle dépendraient donc de la germination de certaines plantes qui, pour le paysan, marquent des seuils dans l'évolution progressive ou régressive des terres. En effet, pour le paysan de la zone soudanienne, la « fertilité » d'une terre n'apparaît pas comme un vague concept, mais comme une réalité physique traduite par l'aspect du sol, par sa production, et surtout par la présence d'une espèce végétale ou d'un groupe d'espèces végétales. Des enquêtes auprès des paysans de la zone soudanienne du Burkina Faso révèlent que la gestion du cycle culture-jachère repose sur la végétation à laquelle est accordée une valeur indicatrice. L'alternance culture-jachère n'est donc pas systématisée par le respect d'une durée fixe de culture ou d'abandon ; elle est plutôt dictée par la vitesse d'apparition de ces espèces.
Les jardins de la Caraïbe : lieux d'histoire et de territoire ? L'exemple de la Guadeloupe
Authors: Benoît Catherine
Published: August 2014

Les jardins de case à la Guadeloupe sont des lieux où les visions du monde de leurs habitants peuvent être lues. Le choix et la location des plantes rendent compte des relations que les propriétaires entretiennent avec leur environnement social y compris le monde des morts. Le jardin est le dépositaire de savoirs et pratiques naturalistes, et ce dès le début de la période esclavagiste. Cet article présente les sources historiques concernant les jardins d'esclaves à la Guadeloupe.
L'igname, ni-hnag, une « nourriture sociale et affective » à Mota Lava (îles Banks - Vanuatu )
Authors: Lanouguère-Bruneau Virginie
Published: August 2014

We will be using J. Barrau's research into the plant foodstuffs of the South Pacific to demonstrate the cultural importance of yams in the Mota Lava Island (Banks Islands, Vanuatu). This importance is reflected in the agricultural methods used in the planting and harvesting of yams, as well as in the number and quality of cultivars found in gardens, the effect of cooking methods on the status of various yams dishes, and the ceremonial use of yams. We will emphasize the significance of yams as a link to the transformation of ancestors back into the lifecycle of society.
La biodiversité agricole en Amazonie brésilienne : ressource et patrimoine
Authors: Emperaire Laure
Published: August 2014

A partir du cas du manioc en Amazonie brésilienne nous montrons que l'enjeu de la conservation de cette espèce alimentaire de première importance ne se limite pas à la ressource phytogénétique mais s'étend au patrimoine culturel associé. Les systèmes de reconnaissance, dénomination et circulation des variétés sont abordés à partir d'une approche comparative sur la gestion du manioc en plusieurs sites d'Amazonie. L'analyse de la dimension culturelle de cette gestion mène à s'interroger sur l'intérêt d'instruments du type indications géographiques pour la conservation et la valorisation de la diversité agricole.
A Conjoint Approach in Estimating the Importance of Urban Forests Versus Other Major Tourism Attractions in Urban Tourism Destinations: Insights from Washington, DC
Authors: Andrada II Rogelio T. , Deng Jinyang , Pierskalla Chad , Brooks John
Published: August 2014

The study used a conjoint approach to assess the relative importance of urban forests compared to the major attractions of Washington, DC, a top city destination in the US. Survey data collected through self-administered questionnaires were analyzed using conjoint analysis. Results showed that the attributes of the city that people regarded as important to tourism include timing of visit, physical attractions, events, and urban forests. Respondents expressed that timing of visit is the most important attribute with a relative importance value of 39.55%, followed by events, physical attractions, and urban forests. Despite the fact that Washington, DC is currently being marketed as a business and cultural destination, respondents showed a significant level of awareness that the city's urban forests are integral to its tourism appeal. Gardens were observed to be the preferred form of urban forests. The study also highlighted the need to refocus marketing of Washington, DC's tourism products to emphasize other attractions. These resources can be tapped to expand the city's tourism market and improve its tourism products. Furthermore, the study supports that Washington, DC's urban forests add to its appeal and that tourism managers should consider new strategies to incorporate this resource into the mainstream attractions.
External Shocks and Tourist Arrivals to Cambodia
Authors: Azad A. S. M. Sohel , Chheang Vannarith , Ahsan Amirul
Published: August 2014

This article investigates how external shocks affect tourist arrivals to Cambodia. The study relies on the random walk approach to test whether the shocks to tourist arrivals are temporary or persistent in nature. To facilitate the empirical investigation, the study applies and compares the results from different unit root tests and variance-ratio tests to the monthly tourists' arrival data from 1994 to December 2012. Both tests provide evidence of random walk hypothesis, implying that shocks to tourists' arrival to Cambodia have a persistent effect requiring short- to medium-term policies to combat the vulnerability due to those shocks. Public–private coordinated policies could reduce the impact, as we found that once the crisis (external shocks) is minimized, the magnitude of the shocks decays slowly.
Conceptualization and Measurement of Dimensionality of Place Attachment
Authors: Chen Ning (Chris) , Dwyer Larry , Firth Tracey
Published: August 2014

To extend the discussion and application of place attachment to tourism-relevant contexts, this article proposes two neglected dimensions:place memoryandplace expectation. Combining these dimensions, a six-dimension construct of place attachment is tested using confirmatory factor analysis and found to be a good fit for data collected from two places: Sydney, Australia and Shanghai, China. The new dimensionality includes an individual's past experience and future expectations of his/her attachment to a place, and thus has a potential to interpret one's attachment to a place based on a shorter term stay. The implications of the study for researchers and destination managers are discussed.
Prior Experience and Destination Advertising Response
Authors: Choe Yeongbae , Stienmetz Jason L. , Fesenmaier Daniel R.
Published: August 2014

Prior experience has been recognized as one of the most important factors affecting travelers' decision making and travel behavior. However, advertising effectiveness research has largely ignored how prior experience differentiates travelers' responses to destination advertising. As
such, this study examines the relationship between traveler's experience at the destination, traveler and trip characteristics, and advertising response. The findings of this study clarify these relationships and provide important implications for the improvement of destination advertising
response models and, in turn, the design of destination marketing programs.
A MULTI-INTERSECTION MODEL AND SIGNAL TIMING PLAN ALGORITHM FOR URBAN TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL
Authors: Hu Wenbin , Wang Huan , Du Bo , Yan Liping
Published: August 2014

The urban traffic signal control system is complex, non-linear and non-equilibrium in real conditions. The existing methods could not satisfy the requirement of real-time and dynamic control. In order to solve these difficulties and challenges, this paper proposes a novel Multi-Intersection Model (MIM) based on Cellular Automata (CA) and a Multi-Intersection Signal Timing Plan Algorithm (MISTPA), which can reduce the delay time at each intersection and effectively alleviate the traffic pressure on each intersection in the urban traffic network. Our work is divided into several parts: (1) a multi-intersection model based on CA is defined to build the dynamic urban traffic network; (2) MISTPA is proposed, which truly reflects the real-time demand degree to green time of the traffic flow at each intersection. The MISTPA is composed Single Intersection Volume Algorithm (SIVA), Single-Lane Volume Algorithm (SLVA) and single intersection signal timing plan algorithm (SISTPA). Extensive experiments show that when the saturation is greater than 0.3, the MIM and the MISTPA achieve good performance, and can significantly reduce the vehicle delay time at each intersection. The average delay time of the traffic flow at each intersection can obviously be reduced. Finally, a practical case study demonstrates that the proposed model and the corresponding algorithm are correct and effective.
« I say they don't have education » : industrialisation, mobilité sociale et militantisme linguistique au Canada, 1914-1952
Authors: McLaughlin Mireille
Published: August 2014

L’implémentation de l’industrialisation a été accompagnée, dans le Canada du XX e siècle, de la mise en place d’un cadre politico-économique axée sur la rationalisation des processus de production et la mise en place d’une idéologie méritocratique. Dans ce cadre, la langue et l’éducation devenaient des critères légitimes de discrimination à l’emploi. Dans cet article, j’étudie, à partir de documents d’archives et d’articles scientifiques portant sur l’industrialisation, l’émergence du concept de compétence linguistique et les tensions que celui-ci soulevait pour une minorité linguistique, l’Acadie.
Caracterización mineralógica y geoquímica de minerales hidratados de ambientes subterráneos: implicaciones para la exploración planetaria
Authors: Gázquez F. , Rull F. , Calaforra J. M. , Venegas G. , Manrique J. A. , Sanz A. , Medina J. , Catalá-Espí A. , Sansano A. , Navarro R. , Forti P. , De Waele J. , Martínez-Frías J.
Published: August 2014

El reciente descubrimiento de minerales hidratados sobre la superficie de Marte sugiere la presencia de importantes cantidades de agua líquida durante algunas etapas de su historia geológica. A raíz de este hallazgo, los estudios sobre minerales hidratados en ambientes terrestres como potenciales análogos marcianos han adquirido gran relevancia. En el presente trabajo se han estudiado las características mineralógicas y geoquímicas de minerales hidratados procedentes de varias cuevas y minas españolas y de la región minera de Iglesias-Carbonia (Cerdeña, Italia) mediante técnicas espectroscópicas implicadas en misiones de exploración marciana presentes y futuras, con el fin de evaluar su potencial para la detección de este tipo de minerales. Por un lado, se ha utilizado la espectroscopia Raman, que formará parte de la carga científica de la misión ExoMars de la Agencia Espacial Europea. Por otro lado, la espectroscopia de IR, otra de las técnicas involucradas en esta misión de la ESA, así como la espectroscopia LIBS y la combinación de difracción-fluorescencia de rayos X (DRX-FRX), ambas a bordo de la misión MSL de la NASA. Estas técnicas han permitido identificar sulfatos (yeso, epsomita, jarosita y glaucocerinita), silicatos (hemimorfita) y carbonatos (hidrocincita e hidromagnesita), todos ellos minerales hidratados y algunos de los cuales también han sido descritos en Marte. Por otro lado, se han abordado los procesos de formación de estos minerales y las potenciales analogías con la mineralogénesis en Marte. Del conjunto de técnicas empleadas, la combinación Raman-LIBS se perfila como la opción más eficiente para la detección de minerales hidratados en condiciones marcianas.
Estudio cinético de las reacciones de recocido en aleaciones de Cu-Ni-Fe
Authors: Donoso Eduardo
Published: August 2014

Mediante Calorimetría Diferencial de Barrido (DSC) y medidas de microdureza Vickers se ha estudiado el comportamiento durante el recocido de las aleaciones Cu-45Ni-4Fe, Cu-34Ni-11Fe y Cu-33Ni-22Fe templadas desde 1173 K. El análisis de las curvas DSC, desde temperatura ambiente hasta los 950 K, muestran la presencia de una reacción exotérmica asociada a la formación de la fase FeNi3 que nuclea a partir de una estructura modulada, y una reacción endotérmica que correspondería a la disolución de esta fase. Los parámetros cinéticos se calcularon a partir de la ecuación usual de Avrami-Erofeev, Kissinger modificado y funciones cinéticas integradas. Medidas de microdureza Vickers corroboraron la formación y disolución de fase FeNi3.
Temporal changes in brachyuran crab diversity along heterogeneous habitat in a mangrove ecosystem of Indian Sundarbans
Authors: Sen Shilpa , Mukherjee Sudeshna , Chaudhuri Atreyee , Homechaudhuri Sumit
Published: August 2014

The present study investigates the effect of different habitat attributes on brachyuran crab diversity in two different study sites in the Sundarban mangrove, India. The two sites differ in the level of anthropogenic intrusion and in the age of the mangrove forest. Seasonal changes in the environment and in brachyuran faunal abundance were recorded for three years. Species composition varied between the two habitats irrespective of season. The habitat heterogeneity and the recorded crab community was analysed by several univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. The newly replanted mangrove site showed lesser diversity than the natural one. Ocypodid crabs, mainly Uca rosea, dominated both study sites, whereas Uca triangularis was totally absent from the replanted site. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the total acidity, total alkalinity, pH content of water, total dissolved solids, inorganic phosphate content of water, soil specific gravity, soil density and the physical constructions of the habitat play a crucial role in moderating the crab community structure. This study reveals that brachyuran crab diversity can be used as a potential indicator of the alterations of mangrove habitats.
Social Media Opportunities for Market-Driven Firms
Authors: Arrigo Elisa
Published: August 2014

The emergence of social media has provided a new and essential way to reach customers. In fact, in many industries, more and more firms are seeking to approach social media for business purposes; thus, it becomes essential to understand how social platforms can be managed for corporate decision-making. The aim of this chapter is to give a better understanding of social media in the strategic management field; no study to date has examined the role of social media in market-driven firms. In particular, a novel conceptual framework is proposed to show how the integrated management of social media provides several opportunities to market-driven firms. First of all, social media enables market-driven firms to acquire data and information that is useful for monitoring the competitive environment. In addition, social media allows firms to develop greater customer knowledge and to improve customer relationships by attracting new customers and by engaging old ones.
Re-Conceptualizing Relational Integrated Marketing Communications from the Perspective of Social CRM
Authors: Yoon Kanghyun , Sims Jeanetta D.
Published: August 2014

As a new emerging trend, social Customer Relationship Management (social CRM) can be defined as the business practice of promoting voluntary customer engagement activities driven by social media into the value creation process in order to build long-term co-beneficial relationships with target customers as the ultimate end-goal of customer relationship management. Following the spirit of social CRM, this chapter is intended to propose conceptual guidelines for the design of effective relational integrated marketing communications strategies, including message and media strategies, with particular focus on the promotion of opinion leaders' voluntary engaged efforts with others in a typical social network setting. By implanting the power of social media in relational integrated marketing communications strategies, marketers are able to put the “relationship” back into CRM in order to restore its true meaning – building better long-term relationships with customers.
Social Media for Business Model Improvement
Authors: Lee In
Published: August 2014

This chapter reviews some of the major business applications of social media and discusses how social media applications are used to support business model improvement. Social media offers business organizations an array of innovative ways to interact with their employees, customers, partners, and other stakeholders. Consumers have easy ways of interacting with companies and their employees in real time with various social media embedded devices. Managers are realizing that social media affects a wide spectrum of business activities from building product or brand awareness to after-sales services. Therefore, it is crucial for companies to analyze their social media applications, develop a plan to continually monitor their advancements, and quickly respond to the social media needs of customers. For practitioners, this chapter provides managerial guidelines for social media applications for business model improvement.
Concurrence of Sports and Entertainment Industries
Authors: Buyukbaykal Guven , Kesgin Yildiray
Published: August 2014

Modern entertainment is defined as the experience that is marketed to entertain a large and heterogeneous group of human beings. Products might be evaluated in different ways by those who have different cultural and historical backgrounds. The meanings evoked by a particular branch of sports may differ according to the demographic aspects and experiences of individuals, and even the history of their counties along with their cultures. On that note, the sports branch intertwined with American culture is undoubtedly American football. The Super Bowl, which might be considered an ordinary sports activity, has turned into a huge organization that is discussed for days and experienced as a festive occasion. In this chapter, the Super Bowl is analyzed with a literature review through the ideas of intellectuals as well as the figures and examples within the context of the concurrence between the sports and entertainment industries.
Bollywoodizing Cricket!
Authors: Raj Sony Jalarajan , Sreekumar Rohini
Published: August 2014

Bollywood is a cultural product that has molded their representational possibilities to depict the changing social and political scenario of India. Moreover, it is an industry that is commercially successful and makes all efforts to take into account its middle class Indian sentiments and interest. One of its recent ventures is the launch of the Indian Premier League with most of the franchised teams owned by Bollywood stars or at least branded or heralded by film stars. This makes cricket matches extremely glamorized events with the mix of a Bollywood film. This chapter look into this aspect of transformation of a popular game like cricket in India with due consideration to the cultural, entertainment, and Bollywood-izing aspect of the game.
User-Generated Cinema
Authors: Steffens Theresa , Döbler Thomas
Published: August 2014

The rise of Web 2.0 technologies increasingly promotes a new openness of production and services. In contrast to the former production within closed systems, companies have to open up for new ways of value creation. The openness can be implemented either with regard to interdepartmental cooperation or in terms of collaboration beyond company boundaries – in cooperation with other companies (B2B) or with customers or users (B2C). The latter is also known as consumer co-creation, where users participate voluntarily without compensation or treaty-defined tasks. Core challenges are the successful coordination of all participants as well as the trustworthy producer-consumer relationship, irrespective of whether or not a company initiates such a co-creation actively. The chapter analyses the mechanisms of consumer co-creation and discusses the required confidence and motivation on the basis of a case study to explain opportunities and challenges of a user-generated approach to media production.
The Integration of Entertainment and Advertising
Authors: Ozturk R. Gulay
Published: August 2014

The evolution of the advertising industry's promotional practices remains in a state of constant transition as technological advances steadily continue to shape, transform, and cultivate the digitally integrated landscape of today's modern world. The fusion of advertising and entertainment, known in the industry as advertainment, is becoming an increasingly popular method that marketers use to connect with consumers (Millili, 2012). Today, the sense of entertainment of target audiences has been changed by new communication technologies. This study discusses the “entertainment concept” in terms of advertainment typology and technology in the world. Therefore, this chapter presents the changing of entertainment from the point of advertising and technology.
Entertainment Media
Authors: Cordeiro Paula , Mendes António , Mascarenhas José , Lameira Sofia
Published: August 2014

This chapter examines the hybridization of entertainment in media through the emergence of new advertising formats in radio, new forms of revenue and sponsoring for television shows, and the hybridization of press content, with monthly magazines portraying more promotional than editorial content. It is focused on media as entertainment industry to study marketing strategies developed by brands towards an approach to entertainment as part of branding strategies, focusing as well on innovative advertising formats. Thinking about these might affect the consumer perception of media and brands. This chapter relates media studies with technology and marketing studies rooted in the idea that lifestyle media may transform practices and routines with media as well as audiences' media relations.
The Role of New Media in Contemporary Entertainment Culture
Authors: Akgun Ozgur
Published: August 2014

New media technologies have become an important part of our everyday lives and are predominantly shaping our perceptions. Increased usage of Internet has changed every aspect of our everyday lives. Other new media technologies make the impact of this change even more intense. This chapter provides a review of the academic and popular literature on the relationship between new media and contemporary entertainment practices. It investigates the new tools and ways (such as social networking sites, online retail environments, and online video streaming options) utilized to communicate and entertain. These environments are dynamic, intercultural, and allow for instant information sharing. This chapter focuses on how these environments are alternative to traditional communication contexts and how the new media shapes the entertainment culture.
Higher and Further
Authors: Cartledge Damon
Published: August 2014

Increasingly, educators find themselves accountable to “make good” on the promises of policy makers about the social and political intentions of education. In the case of Technical and Vocational Education (TVE), delivering policy-driven promises can be a complex task. Internationally negotiated and ratified educational intentions of TVE by bodies such as UNESCO provide a relatively common promise of what TVE should achieve in knowledge-driven economies. However, there are stumbling blocks on the path to success in that mission. The range of contexts and stakeholders encompassed by TVE compounds the complexity, as does the recent blurring of historic divisions between further education and higher education. The chapter reveals that deeply entrenched values around forms of knowledge and their sense of educational “place” get disturbed in the process of change, and educators for TVE must now critically reflect on how to improve the knowledge structures required to meet the educational promises of the 21st century.
In Search of Relevant Learning Spaces
Authors: Powell Greg
Published: August 2014

This chapter examines the shifting landscape in higher education in terms of the physical design and the establishment of learning spaces to meet the needs of the 21st-century student. The discussion examines issues associated with maintaining the traditional higher education value of providing a social setting for sharing knowledge and skills whist creating learning spaces that reflect the changing teaching and learning landscape.
Re–Valuing Constructed Knowledge
Authors: Cartledge Damon
Published: August 2014

In this chapter, two issues are discussed that impact teaching and learning in technical and technology education. The issues are bound together by a concept of constructed knowledge and its inherent value. Knowledge constructed and operationalized in non–academic contexts is not well recognized in universities as having intellectual value. Developing knowledge that may be out of context from discipline homes can be misunderstood as lacking depth, when in fact they are highly complex arrangements of interdisciplinary constructed knowledge. The second issue is about how to conceptualize an educational structure in which this complex inter-disciplinary knowledge can be better recognized across educational divisions and strata. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) is a well-established curriculum model that gives both clear definition/delineation (and cohesive purpose) to the interdependent discipline strands of the constructed knowledge under discussion. The chapter closes with an argument for a STE(A)M model, articulating the inclusion of an additional-alternative component for the Artist, Artisan, Artificer, Alchemist, Architect, and so forth, as a model to access, create, and re-value the construction of knowledge within universities of the 21st century.
Properties of Knowledge Matter
Authors: Burston Mary A.
Published: August 2014

In this theoretical chapter, the concept of fungibility is deployed as an analytical device for re-examining assumptions made about the capacities of entrepreneurialism to transform higher education, learning, and curricula. The purpose is to demonstrate that properties of knowledge matter when it comes to presumptions, policy directives, and promises made about academic and institutional agency and participation in the knowledge economy. From the perspective that not all knowledge is equal in value, the chapter highlights a core conceptual problem underpinning the reform agenda of entrepreneurialism in concluding that properties of knowledge matter for democratic participation in the knowledge economy.
Equality Game, Anxiety Attack, and Misfortune
Authors: McArthur Victoria
Published: August 2014

In this chapter, I present a post-mortem covering three consecutive offerings of a course on persuasive games at the university level over a three-year period from 2010 – 2013. The course, “Designing Persuasive Games,” is part of a larger, multi-disciplinary program on digital media and game design. In this course, students are invited to engage both with theory and praxis, the process of “practicing” theory (Shaffer, 2004), by not only reading and writing about persuasive games but also through the design and development of one. Here, I present the overall design of the course across the three offerings and describe the most significant aspects of the course, from a pedagogical perspective, that I believe to be of value to others designing similar courses. These aspects include choosing a game engine, scaling projects to retain rhetoric, modding as praxis, and player experience testing. A sample grading rubric for persuasive games is also included at the conclusion of this chapter.
Six Factors That Determine the Conceptualization of Persuasive Strategies for Advergames
Authors: Conde-Pumpido Teresa de la Hera
Published: August 2014

In this chapter, I define six factors that determine the conceptualization of persuasive strategies for advergames. Advergames are understood here as “digital games specifically designed for a brand with the aim of conveying an advertising message” (De la Hera Conde-Pumpido, In Press). These six factors have been used for the analysis of the advergame Tem de Tank (DDB Amsterdam & Flavour, 2010), which was launched in 2010 by Volkswagen to introduce the Volkswagen Polo BlueMotion. The reason for selecting this game as a case study for this chapter is that, although the advergame's goals were properly defined, the game contains, in my opinion, a series of problems in terms of persuasion. Therefore, this game is a perfect case study to exemplify how the factors presented here can be useful to identify problems in the persuasive strategy of an advergame.
Communicating the Obvious
Authors: Svahn Mattias , Waern Annika
Published: August 2014

This chapter describes the game design and study of Agents Against Power Waste (AAPW), a large-scale field experiment where a persuasive pervasive game was put to use to influence households' attitudes towards electricity consumption. This game is particularly interesting as, although it was only the children of the family who were playing, the whole family was affected and to some extent forced to take part in the play activity. The style of game design has been called “social expansion” (Montola, Stenros, & Waern, 2009; Montola, 2011).The chapter focuses on how this impacted the psychological process of persuasion in responding families and individuals.
The ASPIRE Program
Authors: Christiansen Peter
Published: August 2014

The ASPIRE Program is a science outreach program that was designed with the goal of teaching basic physics and math to middle school students and encouraging them to take an early interest in science. Our main tool in achieving this goal is a series of online games and activities that are designed to supplement classroom learning. The use of videogames as a teaching tool has enabled ASPIRE to reach thousands of students per day, while maintaining an average staff of only two or three employees. Although the games themselves are online, much of the success of ASPIRE can be attributed to connections with educators made through more traditional outreach activities. These connections serve as both a source of feedback for improving pro-learning behavioral effects in players and as a means of raising awareness for the games themselves.
Exploring the Relationship between the Eco-labels and Green Buying Behaviour with Reference to Mumbai City
Authors: Sinha Ritu
Published: August 2014

Today's businesses and consumers confront the challenge of protecting and preserving the earth's resources and the environment. They have become more concerned about the natural environment and are realizing that their production and consumption purchasing behavior have a direct impact on the environment. Even the consumer looks for green lifestyle and wants to make its contribution towards reducing its impact on the environment. Manufacturers and retailers are observing this trend and are trying to gain an edge in the competitive market by exploiting the potential in the green market industry. They are offering eco-friendly products that are supposed to be good for humans, nature, and companies. An eco-label is a label that certifies that a product meets overall environmental preference of a product or service based on life-cycle consideration and the important criteria to be fulfilled for achieving this label. These labels can help the companies to influence the regulatory environment, create industry standards for environmental control, and expand market share. The aim of this chapter is to identify and analyze how eco-labels can influence consumer buying behavior and awareness towards the various eco-labels in the Mumbai market.