bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum illumination radar with entangled coherent states
Authors: Tao Zhi-Wei , Ren Yi-Chong , Abdukirim Azezigul , Liu Shi-Wei , Rao Rui-Zhong ,   School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Published: June 2021

There has been a great interest in quantum metrology (e.g., quantum interferometric radar) due to its applications in sub-Rayleigh ranging and remote sensing. Despite interferometric radar has received vast amount of attentions over the past two decades, very few researches has been conducted on another type of quantum radar: quantum illumination radar, or more precisely quantum target detection. It is, in general, used to interrogate whether the low-reflectivity target in a noisy thermal bath is existed using quantum light. The entanglement properties of its emitted light source give it a unique detection advantage over the classical radar. Entangled coherent state (ECS), as a class of quantum states with high entanglement robustness in noisy environments, has been widely used in several fields of quantum science such as quantum informatics, quantum metrology . In this paper, we investigate the target detection performance of quantum illumination radar based on three different types of ECS states. We employ the two-mode squeezed vacuum state (TMSV) and the coherent state as benchmarks to compare and analyze the relationship between the entanglement strength of the three types of ECS states and their quantum illumination detection performance. We found that the detection performance of the three ECS states is better than that of the coherent state. However, it is inferior to that of the TMSV state when the target is of low reflectivity. The emitted photon number is much smaller than the background noise (we call this as “good” illumination conditions). On the contrary, quantum illumination radar has no obvious advantage over coherent state radar for target detection under other illumination conditions; further, the detection performance of these three types of ECS states is not evidently related to that of the TMSV state and the coherent state. Finally, we reveal that the target detection performance of quantum illumination for the first two types of ECS states can be determined by their entanglement strength under “good” illumination conditions by adjusting the inter-modal phase of these two ECS states while keeping the emitted photon number constant. Under other illumination conditions, there is no evidence to demonstrate the entanglement strength of ECS states being associated with their target detection performance.
Novel method of improving beam quality of thin-wall tube laser based on right-angle cone deformable mirror
Authors: He Ting , Tian Bo-Yu , Qiu Die , Zhang Bin ,   College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
Published: June 2021

Aiming at improving the beam quality of thin-wall tube laser, a novel method based on the right-angle cone deformable mirror is proposed. In the method, a reflector with inner right-angle conical surface is used, and the annular laser beam successively passes through the opposite sides of the tube, compensating for the off-axis aberrations of the annular laser beam. Next, the residual aberrations are corrected by the deformation of the right-angle cone mirror to further improve the beam quality. The physical model of the right-angle cone deformable mirror is built up by using the finite element analysis method, followed by optimizing the structural parameters of the right-angle cone deformable mirror. The preliminarily optimized right-angle cone deformable mirror drived by 48 actuators with a radius of 1.5 mm for each actuator and an interval of 11 mm between actuators is then utilized to correct the beam quality of the thin-wall tube laser. Results indicate that the output beam quality of the thin-wall tube laser degrades rapidly with the increasing of the tube’s concentricity error, parallelism error, taper error and source’s parallelism error. Fortunately, the beam quality is significantly improved by using the right-angle cone deformable mirror and the β factor greatly decreases. In addition, the performance of the non-ideal right-angle cone deformable mirror with a 20-μrad taper error and a 10-mrad collimation error is compared with that of the ideal mirror, and the results show that the β factor is controlled within 1.14 after having been corrected by the non-ideal right-angle cone deformable mirror. Therefore, the simulation results theoretically prove that the novel method can effectively eliminate the typical aberrations caused by the errors from fabrication and alignment and correct the wavefront distortion of the large-aperture thin-wall tube laser, thus significantly improving the beam quality.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Presenting with Pancytopenia: ARare Haematological Coincidence
Authors: Jamal Iffat , Smita Shuchi , Raman Ravi Bhushan , Kumar Kaushal , Choudhary Vijayanand
Published: June 2021

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is commonly associated with autoimmune cytopenias but CLL presenting with pancytopenia is a rare occurrence. Here, we present a case of 56-year-old male patient, who presented with pallor, mild hepatosplenomegaly, right-sided pleural effusion in chest x-ray, pancytopenia and his bone marrow showed infiltration by mature appearing lymphoid cells making a diagnosis of CLL. Despite the frequency of these immune mediated cytopenia, only few cases of pancytopenia have been described so far to the best of our knowledge. Hence, to emphasise the rarity of such haematological coincidence we are presenting this case report. CLL generally presents with persistent absolute lymphocytosis on peripheral smear with an absolute monoclonal lymphocyte count of more than 5000/cumm. There is a common association with Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (AIHA) and Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) and the association is called as Evan’s syndrome. Its pathogenesis is associated with autoimmune process. AIHA, ITP, and Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) are commonly associated complications seen in CLL. The pathogenesis of AIHA and ITP are antibody this inplace of the reactions and abnormal T cell activity is noted in the pathogenesis of PRCA. Despite of the frequency of these immune mediated cytopenias noted in CLL, bone marrow was seen to be hypercellular in most of the cases and marrow hypoplasia have been reported in only 2 cases reported in literature so far. In the present case, although pancytopenia was present on peripheral blood smear examination but bone marrow was hypercellular for age with diffuse infiltration by monoclonal mature appearing lymphoid cells which makes this case all the more interesting. Despite repeated blood transfusions,antiviral drug Tenofovir and aggressive supportive measures for 6 months, he developed right-sided pleural effusion and succumbed to his illness.
Assessment of Online Learning Procedure through the Eyes of Medical Students inCOVID-19 Scenario
Authors: (Sen) Tanwi Ghosal , Sadhu Anirban , Mukherjee Parijat , Mukhopadhyay Paramita
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated closure of physical classroom for maintaining social distancing norms, prompting learning environment to shift from offline to online. Medical education has also undergone similar changes, and online education and assessment methods had to be implemented. Student’s perception regarding the same was assessed through this study. Aim: To assess the perception of first year MBBS students about the online education and assessment during the lockdown period of two months. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on the first year MBBS students of North Bengal Medical College (NBMCH) during the COVID-19 Lockdown period. All first year MBBS students of NBMCH were added in WhatsApp groups created for academic purposes by Department of Anatomy, NBMCH during the lockdown period. Respective teachers in the academic groups carried out sharing of Digital Education Material (DEM), holding Online Interaction (OI) and correspondence with students, and taking Online Assessments (OA) through sharing questions framed in Google Forms. After two months, the perception of the students was assessed through a voluntary participation based online survey designed in google forms, the results of which were tabulated later and analysed. Results: A total 95 students (54 Male, 41 Female) out of 200 had participated in the survey. Most students were reliant on smartphones (n=90, 94.7%) and mobile internet (n=78, 82%). Most agreed on DEM being relevant (83.2%) and informative (80.7%) but showed diverging opinion on ease of understanding, revision and overall fulfillment of learning objective. On OI majority students responded positively on promptness, relevancy, informative and helpfulness but only46.8% considered DEM and OI fulfilled the overall learning objective. Regarding OA students had an overall positive opinion. Comparing the online mode with offline, students mostly preferred the latter, though agreeing that online method of education was effective and it was easier to score in OAs. Conclusion: While most students accepted online education, interaction and assessment positively, at the end most of them still preferred offline mode of education and assessment. This could reflect lack of student-student interaction and indicated need of further studies to explore the matter, to help us approach online education better.
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and Islet Cell Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies Positivity in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults: Need for Early Insulinisation
Authors: Priyadarshini KS , Gupta Deepti , Kumar Prashanth
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) remains a poorly understood disease at both the clinical and research level and usually misdiagnosed as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and treated with Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents (OHA). This might lead to accelerated b-cell destruction leading to early insulin-dependency in these patients. Screening of T2DM and determination of C-peptide and insulin antibodies helps to differentiate this disease from LADA. Early insulinisation of these patients prevents b-cell destruction and preserves residual b cell function. Aim: To screen type 2 diabetic patients for potential LADA subjects based on LADA clinical risk score and to confirm them as LADA based on Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GADA) positivity and Islet Cell Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies (ICA) positivity. Materials and Methods: The hospital based cross-sectional study was done on 945 T2DM patients attending Out Patient Department (OPD) of Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India from March 2017 to May 2019. Patients were screened using LADA clinical risk score and potential LADA subjects were identified and tested for C-peptide, GAD and IC Antibodies to confirm LADA. C-Peptide and GAD antibodies were measured by ELISA method. IC antibodies were observed using immunoflorescence microscopy. Inferential Statistics (Chi-square test, Z test, t-test) by using SPSS V20 and MS Excel was used. Results: Out of 945 T2DM patients, 188 patients (20%) were considered as potential LADA subjects based on LADA clinical risk score. All 188 subjects were tested for C-peptide, GAD and IC antibodies. 36% (68 subjects) of them had low C-peptide levels. Among them four subjects (6%) had high GADA titer confirming them as LADA subjects. Three (4%) of the subjects had low GADA titer, remaining 61 subjects did not show antibody positivity. Only one of them had both IC antibody positivity out of four subjects with high GADA titer. Remaining 64% (120 subjects) had normal C-peptide levels and antibody negative. Conclusion: Using 5-point LADA clinical risk score 20% were identified as potential LADA subjects out of 945 T2DM subjects. 6% of the potential LADA subjects had high GADA titer confirming them as LADA, who may be benefited by early insulinisation.
Adenomyosis and Coexisting Gynaecological Pathologies
Authors: Garg Parul , Kaur Harjot , Tayal Ishwer , Shilpa , , Kaur Navjot
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Adenomyosis is defined as presence of benign endometrial tissue comprising of both endometrial glands and stroma into the myometrium leading on to diffuse enlargement of the uterus. Adenomyosis co-exists with various pathologies such as leiomyomas, endometriosis, endometrial polyp, endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma suggesting hyperestrogenism to be a factor in pathogenesis of adenomyosis. Aim: To study the associated pathological conditions and histopathological patterns of endometrium in patients presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) due to adenomyosis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care institute of Punjab for a period of two years (August 2018 to August 2020). All the patients who underwent hysterectomy were re-evaluated and cases diagnosed with adenomyosis were included in the study. Clinical details were recorded. A total of 101 patients were diagnosed with adenomyosis. These cases were reviewed for presenting symptoms and correlated with histological features of endometrium and other associated gynaecological pathologies. The quantitative variables were expressed as mean and qualitative variables as percentages. Results: The age of the patients who had adenomyosis ranged from 29 to 79 years, majority were in the age group of 41-50 years. AUB was the most common symptom. The histopathological examination revealed associated pattern of endometrium from proliferative endometrium to endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Other gynaecological pathologies include leiomyoma, adenocarcinoma ovary, serous adenomas of ovary and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) grade 3. Co-existence with leiomyoma is most common. Hyperestrogenemia can be considered as a risk factor as it is associated with leiomyomas, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma or polyps. Conclusion: Adenomyosis is one of the causes of AUB and this decreases the quality of life in women. It is also considered as a cause of infertility. The associated histopathological findings vary from leiomyoma, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial polyps and rarely adenocarcinoma of endometrium and ovary. Meticulous and careful examination of gross and microscopic foci of adenomyosis and associated pathologies can help in better management of patients.
Volumetric Measurement of the MaxillarySinuses inNormal Sudanese using Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Elamin Abdalla Ahmed , Acar Tolgahan , Kajoak Samih , Idris Saadeldin Ahmed , Malik Bushra Abdel , Ayad Caroline E
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Quantification of maxillary sinus volumes might be a complicated and annoying process, but it is beneficial for clinicians, for example, but not limited to plastic and maxillofacial reconstruction, and artificial implants rehabilitation. Its volumetry may alter by many factors and may exhibit diversity. Aim: To determine the relationship of age and gender to the volume of the maxillary sinus in normal Sudanese subjects, and to verify if there is diversity bilaterally in both sexes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Royal Care Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, during the period from August 2018 to July 2019. It consisted of Computed Tomography (CT) images of adults aged more than 17 years from both genders of Sudanese subjects, who underwent a CT scan of the Paranasal Sinuses (PNS) that showed positive clinical signs and symptoms, and proved to be normal. The obtained data was statistically analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. A paired-sample t-test was applied to compare between the volume of the right and left maxillary sinuses. An independent t-test was used to evaluate the relations between the gender and the volume of the maxillary sinuses. Pearson’s r test used to find possible correlation between age and maxillary sinuses volume. Results: A total of 81 CT images (46 males and 35 females, aged 17-78 years) were studied. There is negative correlation between age and maxillary sinuses volume. The advancement of age seems to reduce the size of the maxillary sinuses in male and female groups (r=-0.029; p=0.9, and r=-0.313; p=0.07, respectively). Conversely, gender had no significant effects in the maxillary sinuses volume (p=0.9). The mean total volume of the maxillary sinuses in male and female was 38.70±12.12 cm3 and 38.34±11.50 cm3, respectively. When bilaterally compared there was no significant differences were found in its volume in either sex {Male (p=0.07), female (p=0.11)}. Conclusion: The combination of CT scanning with the Cavalieri principle is a direct and accurate technique that can be safely applied to estimate the volume of the maxillary sinuses. Additional large prospective studies might be required to support the findings of this study.
Impact of Drug Information Services on Promotion of Rational Use of Antimicrobial Agents: A Descriptive Retrospective Study
Authors: Radhika Soanker , Subbalaxmi MVS , Maleha Butul , Usharani Pingali
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Drug Information Services (DIS) is dedicated to provide information about drugs and pharmacotherapy, on request from health care professionals, organisations or patients. World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends DIS to promote rational use of medicines. Aim: The study was done to understand the impact of DIS on promotion of rational use of antimicrobial agents, at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, 126 cases with infection related medication issues requiring opinion related to appropriate antimicrobial therapy from January 2014-June 2018 were included and studied in September 2018. Data related to culture/susceptibility results, treatment offered, reason for referral and suggestions given by the DIS captured in the case details form were analysed. The number of antimicrobials prescribed per case before and after DIS opinion was compared using paired t-test. Results: Of the 126 cases (mean age: 35±18.2 years), 82 were culture positive, of which 43 samples reported Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) organisms. Of 126 case referrals, 53 (42.1%) were regarding opinion on appropriate antimicrobial therapy, 18 (14.3%) for suspected ADRs and rechallenge opinion, 27 (21.5%) for dosage adjustment of antimicrobials and 12(9.5%) for suspected drug-drug interactions. Based on DIS recommendations, mean number of antimicrobials prescribed per patient reduced from 3.4±1.85 to 1.62±1.38 (p<0.0001) when tested by paired t-test. Sixteen culture-negative cases were referred for opinion on appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Conclusion: DIS is a very useful resource, which provides unbiased, factual drug information to clinicians and patients and must be established in all healthcare facilities. DIS strengthen rational use of antimicrobials.
Occupational Stress and Metabolic Syndrome among Bus Drivers: Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Walvekar Sanjeev Srinivas , Ambekar Jeevan G , Devaranavadagi Basavaraj B , Sajjannar Deepa S
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Bus drivers are more vulnerable to health complications due to the nature of their occupation. There is less information available on the role of occupational stress and metabolic syndrome as the risk factors for Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) among them. Metabolic syndrome is described by clustering of hypertension, hyperglycaemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Aim: To investigate the relationship between occupational stress and metabolic syndrome and assess its role among bus drivers as a predictive risk factor for CVD. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2014 to March 2015, at the Department of Biochemistry, BLDE (DU) Shri BM Patil medical college, Vijayapura, Karnataka, with randomly selected bus drivers (n=90) and age, sex-matched healthy participants (n=110) serving as controls. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) was used to describe metabolic syndrome. Data on sociodemographic features, anthropometric indexes, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters, including serum cortisol, were obtained. The questionnaire related to working patterns and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to assess the psychosocial hazards, and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) model was used to predict the subsequent 10-year possible risk of developing CVD in bus drivers. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0. Results: The mean age of bus drivers was 44.60±6.74 years. According to the PSS, with 28 as the cut-off value, 36 (40%) bus drivers were under stress. As per FRS, 51 (56.7%) of bus drivers were at low CVD risk, 27 (30%) were at intermediate risk, and 12(13.3%) were at higher CVD risk. Statistically significant values for parameters such as Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum triglyceride, serum cortisol, and PSS were seen among bus drivers with metabolic syndrome (p<0.001). A positive correlation between Waist Circumference (WC) and Triglycerides (TG) (r=0.215, p<0.001), WC and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.329, p<0.001), WC and HbA1c (r=0.409, p<0.001) was observed. Conclusion: The stress at work in the bus driver’s occupation is a crucial factor associated with metabolic syndrome, a significant risk factor for CVD. The awareness program in health camps and regular physical activity will prompt lifestyle modification that reduces diseases and moderate future cardiovascular events.
Helminth Parasites in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) in Dadin Kowa Dam, Yamaltu Deba Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Jemimah A. , Yahaya Y. M. , Murna T. , Rejoice A. , Bara’atu A.
Published: June 2021

Aim: The aim of the study is to identify helminth parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of Oreochromis niloticus in Dadin Kowa Dam, Yamaltu Deba Local Government Area, Gombe State.

Study design:  Oreochromis niloticus fish species were randomly obtained from the local fishermen in the landing sites; between 7:00am-10:00am weekly.

Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Dadin Kowa Dam in Yamaltu Deba Local Government Area of Gombe State between the months of March to June, 2019.

Methodology: 60 Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) were obtained and examined for gastro intestinal parasites. Sex of the fish was determined by the presence and absent of an intromittent organ. The total length, standard length and body weight was measured using standard method. Dissection was done using standard procedure and the Parasites recovered were identified using the helminth parasites of fish identification guide.

Results: Out of the 60 fish species examined. (23 female and 37 males), 21 (35.00%) were infected and were observed to habour six (6) endoparasites; viz nematodes, Cestodes and trematodes. The results show that there was a significant difference between infection rate, total length and weight of fish with female species having relatively higher percentage prevalence 11(43.50%) than the males 10 (29.70%). It was observed that the prevalence of parasitic infection increase with length and weight of the fish.

Conclusion: Presence of these fish helminth parasites may lead to devaluation in protein constant in the body of the fish. The work therefore recommends water quality assessment of Dams as it is one of the factors that bring about the increase in parasitic infection.
Stabilization of Earth Block Using Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement in Cement
Authors: Ubi S. E. , Nkra P. O. , Agbor R. B.
Published: June 2021

The most outstanding problem militating the production of earth block in Nigeria, is the exorbitant prices of cement, rice ash replaced with cement, stabilized compressed earth block to carry load. The main objective of this study was to investigate the sustainability of earthen construction block with a partial replacement of cement using Rice Husk Ash (RHA). RHA is a bye-product material obtained from the combustion of rice husk which consists of non-crystalline silicon dioxide with high specific surface area and high pozzolanic reactivity using a set of sieves 3.35um - 63um, weigh balance, oven maintained at a temperature of 105°C and 110°C, six meta trays, a bucket, a soap, wire brushes, and a mechanical shaker. It is used as pozzolanic material in earth block. Testing specimen were determined and examine in structural composition by means of unconfined compressive strength hydraulically compressed for crushing the composition of mix with RHA content ranges from 10% to 50% to respectively. The result of the compressed earth block shows a significant resistance of shear strength of 30 to 90 kg/mm2, proving that stabilized earth block can satisfactorily carry load when structurally loaded and can resist tensile and compressive stresses.
Comparative Assessment of Kukkutanda Pinda Sweda and Patra Pinda Sweda in the Management of Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylosis) - A Study Protocol
Authors: Verma Vivek Kumar , Parwe Shweta , Nisargandha Milind
Published: June 2021

Background: At the present time, human beings are easily prone to get several degenerative disorders because of their stressful and reckless lifestyle. 'Manyastambha' is one such lifestyle disorder instigated from excessive use of vehicle, excessive travelling, continuous sitting and working for hours, jobs that require heavy lifting or a lot of bending and twisting, lack of exercise, unhealthy food habits and suppression of natural urges. Thus the avoidance is not possible, and a better curative area is to be identified. Ayurveda suggested many treatments for Vata vyadhi. The cervical problems mimic the Vata disorders. Thus the Vata managements of Kukkutanda pinda Sweda and Patrapinda Sweda through local apply manya-pradesh are better management for the identified clinical condition Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylosis) in the present study.

Aim: studies the effect of Kukkutand Pinda Sweda and Patra Pinda Sweda and compare the impact of both procedure in the management of Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylosis).

Objectives: To Comparative assessment of Kukkutanda Pinda Sweda and Patra Pinda Sweda in the Management of Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylosis). And to compare the effect of Kukkutanda pinda Sweda and Patra Pinda Sweda on pain, stiffness in neck bones and joints and X-rays Cervical spine and Goniometer Study.

Methodology: In this study, 60 patients will be divided randomly into two groups (30 in each). In Group (A) –Kukkutanda pinda Sweda will be externally administered a day at morning for 15-20 minutes or samyak swinna lakshan for 7 days. In Group (B) – Patra pinda Sweda will be externally administered a day at morning for 15-20 minutes or samyak swinna lakshan for 7 days, and an assessment will be recorded on 0 and 7th and 15th day.

Results: Changes will be observed in objective outcomes.

Conclusion: Based on the result conclusion will be drawn.
Protocol on Comparative Clinical Efficacy of Tryushanadi Guggul and Navaka Guggul in Sthoulya (Overweight)
Authors: Pardhekar Ashvini Dineshrao , Misar(Wajpeyi) Sadhana , Ade Vinod
Published: June 2021

Background: Sthoulya is Medovaha Strotodushtijanya vyadhi, which includes abnormal and excessive accumulation of Medodhatu in the body. This is caused by lack of physical and mental activity, daytime sleep, excessive intake of madhur (sweet), snigdha ahar (oily diet) results in  increase Kaphadosha and meda which results in Sthoulya (overweight) having symptoms of mild dysponea, thirst, drowsiness, excess sleep, appetite, offensive smell from the body, incapability to work and incapability to participate in sexual intercourse.
Aim: Comparative clinical efficacy of Tryushanadi Guggul and Navaka Guggul in Sthoulya (overweight).
Materials and methods: Total 60 patients of Sthoulya will enrolled and will divided into two groups (each group contains 30). Patients in group A (experimental group) will be given 1 gram Tryushanadi Guggul two times a day after meal with honey and in group B (control group)1 gram Navaka Guggul will administered two times a day after meal with honey for 30 days. Dietary changes and walking (30 minutes) will be advised to patients of both groups. Follow up will be taken on 15th day and 30th day. Assessment of subjective parameters like kshudrashwasa (exertional dyspnoea), swedadhikya (perspiration), atikshudha (increased appetite), nidradhikya (increased sleep) and objective parameters like body weight, B.M.I., mid arm circumference, waist-hip ratio and lipid profile will be done before and after treatment.
Results: Subjective and objectives outcomes will be assessed by statistical analysis.
Conclusion: It will be drawn from the result obtained.
Strategic Agility and Small and Medium Enterprises’ Performance: Evidence from Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunleye P. O. , Adeyemo S. A. , Adesola M. A. , Yahaya Yakubu
Published: June 2021

The study examines the influence of strategic agility on small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) performance with specific reference to SMEs operating in Osogbo metropolis, Osun State. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select SMEs engaging in manufacturing, trading, and service and agro-allied in Osogbo metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria, while snowball sampling technique was used to select 50 operators/managers each from the four sub-sectors totaling 200 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to solicit information from the respondents. Data analysis was performed with the aid of Mean, Chi-Square, Pearson Correlation, and Ordinary Least Square method of estimation. The result reveals that strategic sensitivity, strategic response, leadership unit and resource fluidity independently have a significant influence on SMEs’ performance. Consequently, the study recommends that SME operators should have to increase their interest in all strategic agility dimensions due to their great role in achieving organizational performance excellence in the midst of a cut-throat competitive environment. Also, employees should be encouraged to participate in the strategic planning process and be creative.
Asp56 in actin is critical for the full activity of the amino acid starvation‐responsive kinase Gcn2
Authors: Ramesh Rashmi , Dautel Martina , Lee Yongook , Kim Yeonsoo , Storey Kirsty , Gottfried Susanne , Goss Kinzy Terri , Huh Won‐Ki , Sattlegger Evelyn
Published: June 2021

Eukaryotes harbour a conserved signalling pathway, called General Amino Acid Control (GAAC) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for overcoming amino acid starvation. Upon starvation, the protein kinase Gcn2, which phosphorylates the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2α, becomes stimulated to trigger the GAAC response. Genetic studies suggest that Yih1, which is the yeast homolog of mammalian IMPACT and which binds monomeric actin, inhibits Gcn2 when released from actin. Here, we found that D56A substitution in actin (the act1‐9 allele) leads to reduced eIF2α phosphorylation, suggesting that the Asp56 residue is required for full Gcn2 activation. In the act1‐9 mutant, Yih1 overexpression further enhanced the sensitivity to amino acid starvation‐inducing drugs and further impaired eIF2α phosphorylation, suggesting that Gcn2 inhibition was mediated via Yih1. The D56A substitution may impair the actin–Yih1 interaction, directly or indirectly, thereby increasing the amount of Yih1 available to inhibit Gcn2.
Memory Seeds Enable High Structural Phase Purity in 2D Perovskite Films for High‐Efficiency Devices
Authors: Sidhik Siraj , Li Wenbin , Samani Mohammad H. K. , Zhang Hao , Wang Yafei , Hoffman Justin , Fehr Austin K. , Wong Michael S. , Katan Claudine , Even Jacky , Marciel Amanda B. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Blancon Jean‐Christophe , Mohite Aditya D.
Published: June 2021

2D perovskites are a class of halide perovskites offering a pathway for realizing efficient and durable optoelectronic devices. However, the broad chemical phase space and lack of understanding of film formation have led to quasi‐2D perovskite films with polydispersity in perovskite layer thicknesses, which have hindered device performance and stability. Here, a simple and scalable approach is reported, termed as the “phase‐selective method”, to fabricate 2D perovskite thin films with homogenous layer thickness (phase purity). The phase‐selective method involves the dissolution of single‐crystalline powders with a homogeneous perovskite layer thickness in desired solvents to fabricate thin films. In situ characterizations reveal the presence of sub‐micrometer‐sized seeds in solution that preserve the memory of the dissolved single crystals and dictate the nucleation and growth of grains with an identical thickness of the perovskite layers in thin films. Photovoltaic devices with a p–i–n architecture are fabricated with such films, which yield an efficiency of 17.1% enabled by an open‐circuit voltage of 1.20 V, while preserving 97.5% of their peak performance after 800 h under illumination without any external thermal management.
Nitrogen deficiency and corn yield with delayed N application
Authors: Nafziger Emerson D. , Yoder Brian , Mathesius Jeff , Carter Paul
Published: June 2021

Delaying the application of N to corn (Zea mays L.) may help to match N supply to N uptake, but may also increase the risk of yield loss if N is applied too late or N uptake is delayed. In a 3‐yr study with corn following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (SC) and corn following corn (CC), N application was either split, with half (112 kg N ha–1) at planting and the rest at stages ranging from V3 to R3; or with the entire increment (224 kg N ha–1) applied at these stages. In SC, there was no yield loss from delaying application of the second increment of N to as late as R3, but yields declined as the full increment of N was delayed, by 5% at V9 to 34% at R3. In CC, delaying the second N increment to stage R2 or R3 lowered yield by 5% compared to application at V3, and delaying the full increment of N increasingly lowered yield, by 8% at V6 to 40% at R3. Corn able to recover leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) following delayed N application produced full yields, and cumulative N deficiency (CND, ΔSPAD × delay expressed as modified growing degree days over periods with ΔSPAD>0, SPAD‐MGGD) was linearly correlated with yield loss. With half of the N at planting, the remainder could be delayed to R1 or later without yield loss, but without N at planting, N needed to be applied before stage V9 in SC and before stage V6 in CC in order to assure maximum yield.
Light‐Driven Carbene Catalysis for the Synthesis of Aliphatic and α‐Amino Ketones
Authors: Bay Anna V. , Fitzpatrick Keegan P. , González‐Montiel Gisela A. , Farah Abdikani Omar , Cheong Paul Ha‐Yeon , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: June 2021

Single‐electron N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis has gained attention recently for the synthesis of C−C bonds. Guided by density functional theory and mechanistic analyses, we report the light‐driven synthesis of aliphatic and α‐amino ketones using single‐electron NHC operators. Computational and experimental results reveal that the reactivity of the key radical intermediate is substrate‐dependent and can be modulated through steric and electronic parameters of the NHC. Catalyst potential is harnessed in the visible‐light driven generation of an acyl azolium radical species that undergoes selective coupling with various radical partners to afford diverse ketone products. This methodology is showcased in the direct late‐stage functionalization of amino acids and pharmaceutical compounds, highlighting the utility of single‐electron NHC operators.
KIO4‐mediated Selective Hydroxymethylation/Methylenation of Imidazo‐Heteroarenes: A Greener Approach
Authors: Franco Marcelo Straesser , Saba Sumbal , Rafique Jamal , Braga Antonio Luiz
Published: June 2021

Herein, we report a KIO4‐mediated, sustainable and chemoselective approach for the one‐pot C(sp2)−H bond hydroxymethylation or methylenation of imidazo‐heteroarenes with formaldehyde, generated in situ via the oxidative cleavage of ethylene glycol or glycerol (renewable reagents) through the Malaprade reaction. In the presence of ethylene glycol, a series of 3‐hydroxymethyl‐imidazo‐heteroarenes was obtained in good to excellent yields. These compounds are important intermediates to access pharmaceutical drugs, e.g., Zolpidem. Furthermore, by using glycerol, bis(imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐yl)methane derivatives were selectively obtained in good to excellent yields.
NMR‐based serum and muscle metabolomics for diagnosis and activity assessment in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Guleria Anupam , Kumar Umesh , Kumar Dinesh , R Naveen , Anuja Anamika Kumari , Singh Mantabya Kumar , Sharma Pulak , Agarwal Vikas , Misra Ramnath , Gupta Latika
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Differentiating smoldering disease activity from weakness due to fatty replacement of atrophied muscle can often be a challenge in the idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM). We aimed to identify the metabolic disturbances associated with IIM and if these changes can aid in the assessment of disease activity.

Methods

Metabolic profiles of sera (N = 99) and muscle (N = 21) from patients with IIM (ACR‐EULAR criteria) were compared with healthy control (HC) samples (N = 75 for serum and N = 12 for muscle tissues) employing 800 MHz NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy. Metabolic disparity between IIM and HC was established based on Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS‐DA) and the discriminatory metabolites were identified based on variable importance in projection (VIP) statistics (P‐value < .05, corrected for false discovery rate (FDR)).

Results

Serum metabolomics profiles were distinctive in IIM as compared to HC, with a visible shift to anaerobic metabolism (increased lactate, low glucose), oxidative defect (high Phenylalanine/tyrosine), decreased muscle mass (low serum creatinine), increased muscle catabolism (increased branched‐chain amino acids), and dyslipidemia (higher lipids, higher very low‐density lipoprotein [VLDL]/low‐density lipoprotein [LDL] ratio, lower polyunsaturated fatty acid [PUFA]). The sera of active IIM patients were characterized by anaerobic metabolism (low glucose), loss of muscle mass (low creatinine, amino acids), and oxidative defect (high Phenylalanine/tyrosine). Three metabolites (isopropanol, succinate, and glycine) were distinctive in muscle tissue metabolomics. NMR‐based serum metabolic disparity was lacking between different clinical subsets of IIM.

Conclusion

Serum and muscle tissue metabolomics have the potential to distinguish (a) IIM from HC and (b) active IIM from inactive IIM irrespective of disease subtype.
Recent progress in organometallic porphyrin‐based molecular materials for optical sensing, light conversion, and magnetic cooling
Authors: Lomova Tatyana
Published: June 2021

We present the review of fundamental parameters and properties of metalloporphyrins/phthalocyanines with axial covalent M–O/M–N bonds (M is a metal atom in the oxidation degree more than 2+) for use in the development of the chemistry of molecular materials. The porphyrin complexes covalently bonded along the axial axis are differed by the high oxidation state of a metal atom and related heightened axial reactivity compared with the corresponding derivatives of two charged metal cations, applications of which in both scientific studies and practical areas are most widely reflected in publications. The selection of chemical structures of the 3d, 4d, 5d, and 4f metal derivatives of porphyrins/phthalocyanines and study of their properties promising in the detection of bioactive organic bases, optoelectronics (active components of all‐small molecular organic solar cells), and spintronics (room‐temperature magnetocaloric materials) are detailed in the article. The results of the first critical analysis of this topic in the review and the insight into chemical structure effects in the function of MPXs/MPcXs as molecular materials will contribute to further development of their organometallic chemistry.
The culture of disciplines: Reconceptualising multi‐subject curricula
Authors: Davies Richard , Trowsdale Jo
Published: June 2021

The arts are recognised for their potential to humanise and enrich educational experience, but hold a lowly position in the hierarchy of school subject‐based curricula. This limits the time, and thus the influence, they can have. Whilst schools welcome the idea of a curriculum rich with both arts and science subjects, resistance to realising this is often advanced in terms of the proportion of curriculum time required for different subjects. Arguments for STEAM education, whilst apparently challenging this and valuing the potential of the arts, have reinforced its servant role. Drawing on research into a particular project, where the perspectives of the arts and sciences inform and enrich how the other is experienced and understood, we reframe this problem. Firstly, drawing on Massey’s conception of space‐time, we argue that one can conceive of more than one subject occupying the same curricular space on a school timetable. Secondly, informed by Geertz, we consider what the culture of the arts and the sciences offers, suggesting that this appears to reflect what teachers have valued. We argue that foregrounding the culture of school subjects, and particularly the culture of the arts, as part of a multicultural frame can facilitate rich and engaging educational experiences. Rather than being positioned as competing for time or status in the curriculum, a focus on culture emphasises how the co‐existence and interplay of multiple subjects broadens, develops and thus enriches children’s educational experience. It also enables a different conception of, and thus role for, the arts in schooling.
Phytochemical Fingerprints and Bioactivities of Ripe Disseminules (Fruit‐Seeds) of Seventeen Gundelia (Kenger‐Kereng Dikeni) Species from Anatolia with Chemometric Approach
Authors: Ertas Abdulselam , Firat Mehmet , Yener Ismail , Akdeniz Mehmet , Yigitkan Serkan , Bakir Derya , Cakir Cansel , Abdullah Yilmaz Mustafa , Ozturk Mehmet , Kolak Ufuk
Published: June 2021

Gundelia species are known as “Kenger‐kereng dikeni” in Anatolia, and their aerial parts are consumed as food. Also, roots and seeds (disseminules) of the Gundelia species are used to prepare gum and coffee. The chemical contents of ethanol and hexane extracts of disseminules of 17 Gundelia species, 13 of them are endemic, were studied using LC/MS/MS and GC/MS. Additionally, their antioxidant potential and enzyme inhibitory capacity against acetyl‐ and butyryl‐cholinesterase, urease, and tyrosinase were determined. The unsaturated fatty acid ratios of Gundelia species were higher than their saturated fatty acid ratio. The highest sum of oleic and linoleic acid was detected in G. tournefortii var. tenuisecta (70.42 %). β‐Sitosterol, α‐amyrin, 3‐acetyllupeol were identified in 17 Gundelia species by GC/MS, while chlorogenic acid and luteolin by LC/MS/MS as major compounds. The ethanol and hexane extracts of G. siirtica, G. rosea, and G. mesopotamica indicated good cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among all species, ethanol extract of G. colemerikensis exhibited the best activity in ABTS (IC50: 32.30±0.98 μg/mL), DPPH (IC50: 59.91±0.89 μg/mL), and CUPRAC (A0.5: 57.41±1.03 μg/mL) assays. Ethanol extract of G. colemerikensis also displayed the highest inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase (51.14±0.25 % at 200 μg/mL), urease (51.71±1.75 % at 200 μg/mL), and tyrosinase (39.50±0.85 % at 200 μg/mL) enzymes. According to the chemometric analysis of fatty acids, four groups were observed. Therefore, it is suggested that G. colemerikensis can be used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties.
Improvement of wheat cookies’ nutritional quality, by partial substitution with common bean and maize flours, sustained human glycemia and enhanced satiety perception
Authors: Mecha Elsa , Correia Verónica , Bento da Silva Andreia , Ferreira António , Sepodes Bruno , Figueira Maria Eduardo , Vaz Patto Maria Carlota , Rosário Bronze Maria
Published: June 2021

Background

As a dietetic source of fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, common beans have potential benefits in human health, namely in chronic diseases’ prevention (e.g., cardiovascular diseases and colon cancer). Still, legume consumption, especially in European countries, is below recommendations. The consumers demand for innovative, attractive legume‐based food products suggests a potential future increase in consumption of legumes, especially in modern societies, keen on ready‐to‐eat foods with known health benefits.

Objectives

With the aim of studying, the impact of wheat flour's partial substitution by common bean (56%) and maize (22%) flours in the nutritional composition of formulated cookies and its effect on human glycemia and consumers’ satiety perception, after ingestion, a human intervention study (n = 16) was designed.

Findings

Approved by consumers, common bean enriched cookies were responsible by reducing glycemic response, and by increasing satiety perception. The nutritional composition of common bean enriched cookies contributed to explain these effects.

Conclusions

Common bean enriched bakery food products are valuable nutritional options for consumers concerned with satiety and chronic diseases’ prevention.

Significance and novelty

This study showed, for the first time, through a human intervention trial the relevance of using legumes (common beans in particular) as alternative ingredients to improve ready‐to‐eat products’ nutritional quality.
Withdrawn: Demand dynamics for hydrocarbon fuels during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Vorona-Slivinskaya Lubov , Koryakov Alexey , Semenycheva Irina , Druzyanova Varvara
Published: June 2021

Withdrawal: The withdrawal has been agreed following concerns regarding manipulation of the peer review and publishing process. Concerns were originally raised by third parties [1, 2]. Further investigation by the publisher has found manipulation of the peer review process. The withdrawal has been agreed because the peer review of the article was compromised.

[1] B. E. Perron, O. T. Hiltz‐Perron, B. G. Victor, Revealed the inner workings of a papermill, 2021. https://retractionwatch.com/2021/12/20/revealed‐the‐inner‐workings‐of‐a‐paper‐mill/

[2] A. Abalkina, Publication and collaboration anomalies in academic papers originating from a paper mill: evidence from a Russia‐based paper mill, 2022. https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.13322

The above article, published online as accepted article, prior to the version of record, on June 07, 2021 in Wiley Online Library (http://wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been withdrawn by agreement between the journal's Editor in Chief and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Multicellular 4G and load balancing over cloud computing
Authors: Hamd Ravyar Jasim , Ali Yahiya Tara , Kirci Pinar
Published: June 2021

LTE‐based Multicellular 4G is nowadays gaining an enormous success thanks to its flexible core network features and its large data rate. As the number of users increases, along with the different services provided by the telcos, it is becoming a challenging issue to cope with the contextual increase in the backhaul traffic size: a congestion problem. In this perspective, when combining multicellular LTE with Cloud Computing (CC), this would increase the core network load and the subsequent load on the servers located in the CC that delivers services to the LTE users. To address this issue, we introduce an architecture combining both multicellular LTE and CC, and we investigate the performance of different load balancer mechanisms, namely static and semi‐dynamic. Extensive simulation scenarios using different algorithms were set up. The obtained results were analyzed considering the Quality of Service (QoS) and computational resources for a deployed Web application.