bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fate of Nigerian Women in Armed Conflict Situations
Authors: Ihueze Adaobi Olivia
Published: May 2022

Armed conflicts in many parts of the globe have a major detrimental influence on many aspects of life, particularly in the affected areas. The destiny of women in armed conflict scenarios, as well as their survival techniques, was investigated in this research. The chapter employed feminist and psychoanalytical theories to examine the unpleasant experiences of women in conflict zones by analyzing two female novels, Half of a Yellow Sun by Chimamanda Adichie and Forest Dames by Adaokere Agbasimalo. It revealed that the armed conflict had far-reaching and terrible consequences for women and children. The study, therefore, recommends that women are better positioned to write about their life experiences that leave an everlasting mark.
Overview of Edge Computing and Its Exploring Characteristics
Authors: A. Sangamithra , T. Margaret Mary , G. Clinton
Published: May 2022

Edge computing is the concept of the distributed paradigm. In order to improve the response time and to save the bandwidth, it brings the computation and the storage of the data closer to the location whenever it is needed. Edge computing is one of the very famous and blooming concept in today's era. It has been used in so many applications for various purposes. Edge computing can be defined as infrastructure of physical compute which is placed between the device and the cloud to support various application and which brings the cloud closer to the end user or end devices. In this chapter, the authors discuss the origin of the edge paradigm, introduction, benefits. These are some of the criteria to be elaborated in the chapter overview of edge paradigm.
A Comprehensive Survey of IoT Edge/Fog Computing Protocols
Authors: R. Madhumathi , R. Dharshana , Sulthana Reshma , N. Kalaiyarasi
Published: May 2022

The IoT device ecosystem is being blessed with a dazzling array of slim and sleek, trendy and handy, purpose-specific and generic, disappearing, disposable yet indispensable, resource-constrained and intensive, and embedded yet networked devices. Therefore, our personal, as well as professional, environments are increasingly being stuffed with such kinds of functionally powerful devices that are instrumented, interconnected, and intelligent. This trend and transition set a stimulating foundation for a variety of connected and smarter environments. By empowering our everyday devices to be computing, communicative, sensitive, and responsive, the newly introduced concept of edge or fog computing is to bring forth a number of innovations, disruptions, and transformations for the IT domain. This chapter conveys how the various protocols contribute immensely to the intended success of fog computing and analytics in the days ahead.
Edge Architecture Integration of Technologies
Authors: R. S. Sandhya Devi , V. R. Vijaykumar , P. Sivakumar , A. Neeraja Lakshmi , B. Vinoth Kumar
Published: May 2022

The enormous growth of the internet of things (IoT) and cloud-based services have paved the way for edge computing, the new computing paradigm which processes the data at the edge of the network. Edge computing resolves issues related to response time, latency, battery life limitation, cost savings for bandwidth, as well as data privacy and protection. The architecture brings devices and data back to the consumer. This model of computing as a distributed IT system aims at satisfying end-user demands with faster response times by storing data closer to it. The enormous increase in individuals and locations, connected devices such as appliances, laptops, smartphones, and transport networks that communicate with each other has raised exponentially. Considering these factors in this chapter, edge computing architecture along with the various components that constitute the computing platform are discussed. The chapter also discusses resource management strategies deliberate for edge computing devices and integration of various computing technologies to support efficient IoT architecture.
Distributed Intelligence Platform to the Edge Computing
Authors: Inbaraj Xalphonse
Published: May 2022

With the explosion of information, devices, and interactions, cloud design on its own cannot handle the flow of data. While the cloud provides us access to compute, storage, and even connectivity that we can access easily and cost-effectively, these centralized resources can create delays and performance issues for devices and information that are far from a centralized public cloud or information center source. Internet of things-connected devices are a transparent use for edge computing architecture. In this chapter, the author discusses the main differences between edge, fog, and cloud computing; pros and cons; and various applications, namely, smart cars and traffic control in transportation scenario, visual and surveillance security, connected vehicle, and smart ID card.
PrEstoCloud
Authors: Verginadis Yiannis , Apostolou Dimitris , Taherizadeh Salman , Ledakis Ioannis , Mentzas Gregoris , Tsagkaropoulos Andreas , Papageorgiou Nikos , Paraskevopoulos Fotis
Published: May 2022

Fog computing extends multi-cloud computing by enabling services or application functions to be hosted close to their data sources. To take advantage of the capabilities of fog computing, serverless and the function-as-a-service (FaaS) software engineering paradigms allow for the flexible deployment of applications on multi-cloud, fog, and edge resources. This article reviews prominent fog computing frameworks and discusses some of the challenges and requirements of FaaS-enabled applications. Moreover, it proposes a novel framework able to dynamically manage multi-cloud, fog, and edge resources and to deploy data-intensive applications developed using the FaaS paradigm. The proposed framework leverages the FaaS paradigm in a way that improves the average service response time of data-intensive applications by a factor of three regardless of the underlying multi-cloud, fog, and edge resource infrastructure.
Innovative Concepts and Techniques of Data Analytics in Edge Computing Paradigms
Authors: K. Soumya , T. Margaret Mary , G. Clinton
Published: May 2022

Edge analytics is an approach to data collection and analysis in which an automated analytical computation is performed on data at a sensor, network switch, or other device instead of waiting for the data to be sent back to a centralized data store. Cloud computing has revolutionized how people store and use their data; however, there are some areas where cloud is limited; latency, bandwidth, security, and a lack of offline access can be problematic. To solve this problem, users need robust, secure, and intelligent on-premise infrastructure for edge computing. When data is physically located closer to the users who connected to it, information can be shared quickly, securely, and without latency. In financial services, gaming, healthcare, and retail, low levels of latency are vital for a great digital customer experience. To improve reliability and faster response times, combing cloud with edge infrastructure from APC by Schneider electrical is proposed.
Game Theory for Cooperation in Multi-Access Edge Computing
Authors: Moura Jose , Marinheiro Rui Neto , Silva Joao Carlos
Published: May 2022

Cooperative strategies amongst network players can improve network performance and spectrum utilization in future networking environments. Game Theory is very suitable for these emerging scenarios, since it models high-complex interactions among distributed decision makers. It also finds the more convenient management policies for the diverse players (e.g., content providers, cloud providers, edge providers, brokers, network providers, or users). These management policies optimize the performance of the overall network infrastructure with a fair utilization of their resources. This chapter discusses relevant theoretical models that enable cooperation amongst the players in distinct ways through, namely, pricing or reputation. In addition, the authors highlight open problems, such as the lack of proper models for dynamic and incomplete information scenarios. These upcoming scenarios are associated to computing and storage at the network edge, as well as, the deployment of large-scale IoT systems. The chapter finalizes by discussing a business model for future networks.
Bridging the IoT Gap Through Edge Computing
Authors: Minu R. I. , Nagarajan G.
Published: May 2022

In the present-day scenario, computing is migrating from the on-premises server to the cloud server and now, progressively from the cloud to Edge server where the data is gathered from the origin point. So, the clear objective is to support the execution and unwavering quality of applications and benefits, and decrease the cost of running them, by shortening the separation information needs to travel, subsequently alleviating transmission capacity and inactivity issues. This chapter provides an insight of how the internet of things (IoT) connects with edge computing.
Resource Allocation Scheduling Algorithm Based on Incomplete Information Dynamic Game for Edge Computing
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Mingchu
Published: May 2022

With the advent of the 5G era, the demands for features such as low latency and high concurrency are becoming increasingly significant. These sophisticated new network applications and services require huge gaps in network transmission bandwidth, network transmission latency, and user experience, making cloud computing face many technical challenges in terms of applicability. In response to cloud computing's shortcomings, edge computing has come into its own. However, many factors affect task offloading and resource allocation in the edge computing environment, such as the task offload latency, energy consumption, smart device mobility, end-user power, and other issues. This paper proposes a dynamic multi-winner game model based on incomplete information to solve multi-end users' task offloading and edge resource allocation. First, based on the history of end-users storage in edge data centers, a hidden Markov model can predict other end-users' bid prices at time t. Based on these predicted auction prices, the model determines their bids. A dynamic multi-winner game model is used to solve the offload strategy that minimizes latency, energy consumption, cost, and to maximizes end-user satisfaction at the edge data center. Finally, the authors designed a resource allocation algorithm based on different priorities and task types to implement resource allocation in edge data centers. To ensure the prediction model's accuracy, the authors also use the expectation-maximization algorithm to learn the model parameters. Comparative experimental results show that the proposed model can better results in time delay, energy consumption, and cost.
Adaptive Edge Process Migration for IoT in Heterogeneous Fog and Edge Computing Environments
Authors: Chang Chii , Hadachi Amnir , Srirama Satish Narayana
Published: May 2022

To address the latency issue of the cloud-centric IoT management systems, researchers have introduced fog and edge computing (FEC) architecture, which distributes the computational tasks and decision making from the distant cloud to the edge or near the edge of IoT network. Considering the need for dynamic process migration from the mobile sensors to other resources when the mobile sensors are unable to continue their tasks, the IoT system needs to provide a flexible mechanism that allows the mobile sensors to dynamically migrate their tasks to the other FEC resources at runtime. The paper proposes a resource-aware edge process migration (REM) scheme that is capable of optimising the process migration decision. To realise such a system and to validate the REM scheme, the authors have developed a framework called edge process-enabled internet of thing (EPIoT) host. The framework and the REM scheme are implemented and evaluated. The results have shown that the REM scheme is capable of enhancing the performance of the process migration in heterogeneous FEC environment.
The Pivotal Role of Edge Computing With Machine Learning and Its Impact on Healthcare
Authors: S. M. Muthukumari , Raj George Dharma Prakash E.
Published: May 2022

The global market for IoT medical devices is expected to hit a peak of 500 billion by the year 2025, which could signal a significant paradigm shift in healthcare technology. This is possible due to the on-premises data centers or the cloud. Cloud computing and the internet of things (IoT) are the two technologies that have an explicit impact on our day-to-day living. These two technologies combined together are referred to as CloudIoT, which deals with several sectors including healthcare, agriculture, surveillance systems, etc. Therefore, the emergence of edge computing was required, which could reduce the network latency by pushing the computation to the “edge of the network.” Several concerns such as power consumption, real-time responses, and bandwidth consumption cost could also be addressed by edge computing. In the present situation, patient health data could be regularly monitored by certain wearable devices known as the smart telehealth systems that send an enormous amount of data through the wireless sensor network (WSN).
Beyond the Chatbot
Authors: Vieira Daniele , Roser Chinchilla Jaime , Liu Bosen Lily , Yerovi Clarisa , Morales Diana
Published: May 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly developing and being implemented in every area of society, including higher education (HE). Evidence shows that AI has become an important subject among the academia representing about 2.2% of all scientific publications in 2018 and counting. Higher education institutions (HEIs), especially in developed countries, have already started to use AI technology in various areas such as teaching and learning and management. At the same time, AI has been increasingly appearing in curricula, in an attempt to prepare current students with the skills required by the changing job market. HEIs need to gather the infrastructure, digital and human capacity, and frameworks to properly and safely use such technology while putting students at the center. As such, this chapter provides an initial overview of the practical applications of AI in HEIs, particularly in the areas of teaching, learning, and administration.
From Principles to Processes
Authors: Knox Jeremy , Hoel Tore , Yuan Li
Published: May 2022

This chapter reviews current trends in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) ethics in order to suggest two implications for the field of higher education research and practice. In recent years, a vast assortment of businesses, national and regional governments, supra-national organisations, NGOs, academic groups, standardisation organisations, and public interest bodies have sought to define ethical codes for the use of AI. Various research projects have analysed this terrain, often suggesting the convergence of universal and definitive principles. However, less attention has been given to an emerging area of research and practice related to the participative co-design of AI, involving ongoing processes of multi-stakeholder discussion, participation, and exchange. This chapter draws on this emerging work to suggest ways in which higher education might better approach ‘ethics by design', established around two key ideas: situating ethical issues within already existing social and historical contexts and formalising the teaching of critical data literacy.
Artificial Intelligence as a General Resource for All Professions
Authors: Machicao José Carlos
Published: May 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is already established as an all-purpose discipline in society, particularly in science and technology, but rapidly expanding to all disciplines. It is clear that a professional for the future would be incomplete without the skills to make the most of AI and its opportunities. However, there is a lack of reflection on how all disciplines and professions are going to integrate these skills, and how the consequent formation needs to be. AI is not only a new additional technology to teach about. Instead it impacts the very definitions of professions and learning. Therefore, to define a pedagogy framework becomes an exploration of the foundational concepts of learning, intelligence, artificial intelligence, higher education, and professions, which are discussed towards a pedagogy framework that can help individual universities to face a role to form professionals for a society with algorithms performing some cognitive functions, understanding the impact on new definitions in higher education.
Emerging Technologies to Increase Energy Efficiency and Decrease Indoor Pollution in University Campuses
Authors: Pérez-Juárez María A. , Aguiar-Pérez Javier M. , Alonso-Felipe Miguel , Del-Pozo-Velázquez Javier , Rozada-Raneros Saúl , Barrio-Conde Mikel
Published: May 2022

The proper functioning of higher education institutions depends on multiple factors. The teaching-learning process is essential, which turns professors and students into leading actors. However, there are many other factors that must be considered. A key element is the quality and comfort of the air (including temperature, degree of humidity, and purity). This aspect is related to two issues of great importance that are energy efficiency and indoor pollution. In this chapter, the authors want to make visible the importance of maintaining adequate air quality and comfort in the buildings of higher education institutions, not only to achieve energy efficiency and consequent cost reduction, but also to improve the well-being and health of the entire university community by reducing, as much as possible, air pollutants in university campus buildings. In addition, the main emerging technologies available to achieve this objective, such as artificial intelligence, big data, internet of things, or edge computing, will be presented together with practical use cases.
Intelligent Learning Management Systems
Authors: Van Vaerenbergh Steven , Pérez-Suay Adrián
Published: May 2022

This chapter introduces the concept of intelligent learning management systems (ILMS), which combines traditional learning management systems (LMS) with predictive modeling and interactive capabilities provided by artificial intelligence (AI). First, an overview is given of current LMS and the different functions they cover in the context of higher education. Second, several standard AI paradigms are discussed for solving different automated tasks. Both concepts are then combined into intelligent learning management systems, which extend standard LMS with AI-based capabilities for prediction, modeling, and interactive tasks that are useful in online educational settings. Several use cases of ILMS in the context of mathematics education (ME) are included, in particular examples of learning analytics (LA) and intelligent tutoring systems (ITS). The chapter concludes with a discussion on the future possibilities of AI in ILMS.
A Framework for Classifying Internet-of-Things Challenges
Authors: Watson Richard B. , Ryan Peter J.
Published: May 2022

The internet of things (IoT) is a global ecosystem of networked “things.” It is the subject of much research worldwide, although it still has many challenges to overcome before it can achieve its full potential. Many papers have been written on the IoT and related areas including big data analytics, smart cities, and industrial IoT (IIoT). These challenges have mostly been seen as technical, although the IoT's business and societal challenges are also important. Most authors of research papers discuss the research challenges with which they are most familiar, but a framework which identifies and classifies all the challenges and cross-references the publications describing them in detail, is much needed. In this chapter, the authors extend their earlier IoT classification scheme to include more recent papers, and business and societal challenges as well as technical ones. The nature of the classification scheme and research challenges are described; however, the other chapters of this book cover in more detail the individual challenges and proposed strategies to mitigate them.
Secure Privacy-Oriented Location-Aware Network
Authors: N. Ambika
Published: May 2022

IoT is an amalgamation of diverse devices. The system aims to overcome the infrastructure of the devices. The instruments communicate with each other to accomplish a task. The previous contribution aims in preserving privacy among the communicating devices. It supports formation of cluster, where the device chosen as a cluster head mediates the communication. The user with the devices will be able to post their queries to the untrusted server by camouflaging themselves. The untrusted server responds to the queries which are communicated to the users through the cluster head. Security is vital to the network. The attacks if detected at an early stage can conserve large amount of energy. The current proposal works to enhance reliability to the network by 4.96%, 1.31% enhancement in detecting the attacks, and conserves energy by 6.13% compared to the previous contribution.
Internet of Things, Security of Data, and Cyber Security
Authors: Rosário Albérico Travassos
Published: May 2022

Diverse forms of cyber security techniques are at the forefront of triggering digital security innovations, whereas cybersecurity has become one of the key areas of the internet of things (IoT). The IoT cybersecurity mitigates cybersecurity risk for organizations and users through tools such as blockchain, intelligent logistics, and smart home management. Literature has not provided the main streams of IoT cyber risk management trends, to cross referencing the diverse sectors involved of health, education, business, and energy, for example. This study aims to understanding the interplay between IoT cyber security and those distinct sector issues. It aims at identifying research trends in the field through a systematic bibliometric literature review (LRSB) of research on IoT cyber and security. The results were synthesized across current research subthemes. The results were synthesized across subthemes. The originality of the paper relies on its LRSB method, together with extant review of articles that have not been categorized so far. Implications for future research are suggested.
The Internet of Things
Authors: Aigbogun Theophilus
Published: May 2022

The technology space has seen the emergence of several buzzwords, including but not limited to artificial intelligence, big data, the internet of things, and robotics. This chapter seeks to discuss the concept of the internet of things and break the very gigantesque details into understandable bits. It examines the concept of the internet of things from the standpoint of a legal practitioner who is practicing in any given jurisdiction and talks about the legal issues that attend the internet of things. Due to the fact that the internet of things refer to the interconnectivity of devices, the legal issue of data privacy and protection is discussed. Other issues like antitrust and ‘who-bears-liability' are also equally discussed. A brief insight is equally given along the lines of how these legal issues preclude the smooth rolling out of these technologies in cross-border terms and how industry players are attempting to deal with the issues.
Gamifying CLIL
Authors: Lister Sarah
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores the potential of game-based learning (GBL) as a dynamic way to engage and motivate learners, making learning fun and purposeful, drawing upon relevant research from the field. The author will attempt to define game-based learning and explore the capacity of GBL to affect change within educational contexts. It will be argued that GBL resources have the capacity to provide a meaningful and purposeful context for learning, with a particular focus on GBL within a CLIL setting. GBL is a powerful learning environment. The potential of GBL acting as an effective vehicle to promote the learning of mathematics in a setting where the language of instruction is not the first language of learners will be investigated, drawing upon existing research and the work undertaken by the author as part of an Erasmus+ Project, Framing CLIL.
Designing and Producing CLIL Materials for Mathematics Content Learning
Authors: Huertas-Abril Cristina A.
Published: May 2022

One of the greatest challenges regarding CLIL implementation, especially for mathematics content learning, involves materials design. CLIL materials are expected to be incorporated from authentic sources, but reality shows that they are usually adaptations of previous materials or originals designed ad hoc to meet the curriculum requirements. Following Mehisto's criteria for producing CLIL learning materials as well as Meyer's successful planning and teaching strategies to design quality CLIL resources, this chapter presents a case study of designing and producing quality CLIL materials for mathematics content learning developed in the framework of the Erasmus+ Project Framing CLIL. Based on telecollaborative international work, multilingual CLIL materials to learn about fractions are presented, and the main challenges and the key strategies followed to cope with them successfully are addressed. Finally, practical orientations and guidelines for the design, and an elaboration of CLIL materials for mathematics content learning is presented.
Designing and Applying a Narrative Frame to Teach Mathematics and English to Young Learners With Low English Levels in the CLIL Context
Authors: Hà Tú Anh , Ellis David , Nguyễn Quỳnh Anh Quý
Published: May 2022

A collaborative project between Vietnamese English language teachers and an Australian academic specializing in project-based learning resulted in an innovative, thematic approach to English language and mathematics learning. Rather than the traditional teacher-centered approach using static texts that focus on abstract English learning practices, the EduAction Project 2018 opted for a student-centered pedagogy. Using a CLIL approach, a narrative development framework was used to develop English language skills and mathematics within a given context. Teachers reported that the students displayed better behavior and were more engaged in the co-construction of their lessons. They also improved their English and accomplished the tasks with Mathematics content.
“Game Theory Lab”
Authors: Bimonte Giovanna , Tortoriello Francesco S. , Veronesi Ilaria
Published: May 2022

To exploit the tendency of students to get excited when they have to solve competitive games and introduce them to solve complex problems in real situations, the Departments of Mathematics and Economics of the University of Salerno devised a technological educational project, the Theory of Games Lab (GTL), for high school students. GTL helps students understand an abstract model that requires the use of mathematical analysis in economics, creating an engaging learning environment that improves their performance and rewards cooperative behavior. The choice of games is applied to the construction of a reward-based to engage in class discussions also using educational games sites. Technological artifacts are semiotic mediators in a constructivist approach. With a simulated role-playing game, students are landowners in medieval times and protect their lands by confronting the challenges and needs of other territories. At the end of the activities, the students have a better attitude for critical analysis of economic phenomena and are interested in issues never addressed before.
Teachers' Struggling in Identifying the Semiotic Potential of Mathematical Board Games
Authors: Maffia Andrea , Silva Liliana
Published: May 2022

There is a small but still growing body of literature about the implementation of board games as means for teaching mathematics. Researchers have noticed the opportunities provided by specific board games in developing number sense. However, there are empirical results showing that primary teachers can struggle in understanding the potential of a given mathematical board game and then find difficulties in employing the game in their classes. This chapter contributes to this stream of research by realizing an a priori analysis of the semiotic potential of the game Shut the Box in respect to the development of foundational number sense. This analysis is compared to the analysis provided by teachers. While several of the potentialities of the game emerge from the interviewees, most of their analysis are incomplete. Teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and their experience in using the game in their classes appear to play a role in their analysis.
Optical Processing Damage Reduced by Polishing Technology with Material Removal in Elastic Mode
Authors: Peng Wen Qiang , Yang Shu Ming , Yang Ping , Li Qing Yu
Published: May 2022

Surface/subsurface processing damage on optical component can severely affect its surface mechanical properties and cause its resistance to external deformation to deteriorate. At the same time, the processing damage will also affect the surface quality. The surface processing defects are the main reasons leading to the decrease in the laser induced damage threshold in high-density laser system. In this paper, the damage formation mode and morphology of the traditional optical processing methods based on the mechanical removal in brittle and plastic modes are evaluated, then the traditional processing damage model is established accordingly. The polishing technology with material removal in elastic mode is proposed based on the damage generation mechanism. In the elastic mode, it is impossible to form the material removal by mechanical action due to the inability to overcome the yield limit of the material, thus it is necessary to introduce a weakening of the chemical reaction to reduce the bonding force of the surface layer of the optical element, using less force to form the material removal to ensure the disturbance of the basic material is controlled. The mechanism of material removal in elastic mode was analyzed. The polishing process was realized by elastic hydrodynamic ultra-smooth polishing and nano-particle jet polishing. The performance of the elastic polishing process was analyzed. The experimental results show that the elastic polishing processing method can effectively remove surface damage and achieve effective control of processing damage.
Contaminants Removal from Wastewater of LFP Batteries Recycling Process Using Adsorption Methods
Authors: Nurkhopipah Siti , Perdana Indra , Prasetya Agus
Published: May 2022

Wastewater from the LFP battery cathode recycling process still contains metals such as lithium, calcium, sodium, and silica. Adsorption method was used to remove metal ions in the artificial waste of LFP batteries. This experiment was carried out by adding 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g of activated carbon, respectively, into 100 mL of an artificial waste solution then put into water-bath shaker at room temperature. For kinetic data, the filtrate was taken every 1 hour, while for equilibrium data the filtrate was taken every 24 hours. The concentrations of the initial solution and the filtrate were analyzed by ICP-OES. The experimental results showed the maximum percentage removal of lithium, calcium, sodium, and silica was at a dose of 100 g L-1 of activated carbon, which were 99.90%, 97.51%, 86.10%, and 79.08%, respectively. It was found that the Freundlich equilibrium model was more suitable for the adsorption isotherm indicated by the correlation coefficients value for lithium, calcium, sodium, and silicon were 0.9869, 0.8850, 0.8974, and 0.9576, respectively. This adsorption followed the Pseudo second order kinetic model derived from correlation coefficient values of chemical kinetic studies.
Numerical Study on Upgrade of Steel I-Beams and Columns with Rectangular Web Openings
Authors: Alhammadi Shabbab A.
Published: May 2022

This study investigated numerically the effect of small and large rectangular web openings in unstrengthened and strengthened steel I-beams and columns. With the use of a numerical model, 25 simply supported steel I-beams were subjected to a four-point bending test. In addition, 25 steel I-columns were tested numerically under axial compressive load. All steel I-beams and columns were compared with solid reference specimens without web openings (control specimen), where all specimens have the same 400 mm depth and 177 mm width steel section dimensions. Twelve of the 25 steel I-beams and columns with openings were strengthened with steel plates, and all had different web openings that were symmetrically located near the support areas. The performance of all steel I-beams and columns was compared before and after a strengthening procedure. The selected opening depths ranged from 40 to 280 mm. Aspect ratios of opening length to opening depth of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 were chosen. ABAQUS software was used to perform numerical analysis on I-sections (beams and columns) that were either unstrengthened or strengthened. All specimens were analyzed in terms of their load-displacement characteristics and failure modes. Finite element analysis showed that those beams and columns with small web openings have a slight decrease in strength and stiffness, which is considered to be within acceptable limits unlike solid steel beams and columns (control specimen). I-section beams and columns that have been strengthened have significant effects on increasing the load-displacement characteristics.
Vegetable Oils Based Ionic Liquids for Rare Earth Elements Recovery: A Techno-Economic Analysis
Authors: Rizky Karina Mulya , Mudzakir Ahmad , Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani
Published: May 2022

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the yttrium recovery from compact fluorescent lamp waste using methyltrioctylammonium peanut oil ([N1,8,8,8][PO]) compared to methyltrioctylammonium naphthenic acid ([N1,8,8,8][NA]) and tetraoctylphosphonium oleate ([P8,8,8,8][Oleate]) on a large scale. Based on the techno-economic analysis, the process was feasible on a large scale commercially due to changes in economic parameters such as gross profit margin (GPM), payback period (PBP), break-even point (BEP), break even capacity (BEC), cumulative net present value (CNPV), profitability index (PI), internal rate return (IRR), and return on investment (ROI) tend to be positive with the greatest profit when using [P8,8,8,8][Oleate] compared to [N1,8,8,8][NA] and [N1,8,8,8][PO] under ideal conditions and the use of [N1,8,8,8][PO] can still be profitable under non-ideal conditions with certain fluctuation limits.
Effect of Linear Crack Size and Location Relationship to Piston Stress and Damage Tolerance
Authors: Tang Jin Jun , Liang Cui , Xu Chen Guang
Published: May 2022

In the quantitative characterization of linear defect structure of Piston Alloy, non-destructive testing and micro-morphology of defect, shape and outline of prefabricated linear defect are used in this paper. Based on ANSYS finite element software, an experimental simulation of line defect was carried out by using the finite element software of micromechanics. The defects of piston alloy components are assigned with material parameters, the model grid is divided, the boundary condition is defined and the finite element simulation is carried out under ANSYS/Mechanical environment. The calculation of the micro-stress field of the interface with various defects is obtained. Under the service condition of high-power density diesel engine, the local stress concentration caused by line defect is less than the strength limit of alloy material. Therefore, in this location eddy current testing non-destructive testing control line defect size is 0.12 mm×0.2 mm×5 mm. It is suitable for Eddy current nondestructive testing of piston components and can ensure the material safety and work reliability of Piston components under service condition.
Effect of Decoking Pretreatment on Catalyst Rejuvenation Using Glycerol and Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG)
Authors: Rianto Adam Kusuma , Prasetya Agus , Azis Muhammad Mufti
Published: May 2022

Hydrotreating process is one of the crucial processes in petroleum refinery to remove sulfur with the aid of catalyst. By the end of hydrotreating life cycle, the catalyst contaminated by silicon cannot be reused or regenerated and have to be sent to final disposal. The previous study reported that glycerol was able to selectively remove silic on from industrial spent catalysts using severe operating conditions. However, the treatment used did not consider carbon/ coke removal steps. The present work focuses on investigating the effect of decoking pretreatment on silicon removal process using glycerol, mono ethylene glycol, and a combination of glycerol + mono ethylene glycol. It was found that the decoking pretreatment will worsen solvent selectivity. In addition, XRD analysis also revealed that decoking pretreatment caused formation of MoO3 particles agglomerate as indicated by the presence of high crystalline. Compared with glycols, glycerol showed the best selectivity and could preserve catalyst phase from transformation that was occurred during decoking.
Effectiveness Study of Using HAp Milkfish Bone to Synthesize Ag3PO4 with Ion-Exchange Method for Methylene Blue Degradation
Authors: Andriyan Mohammad Wahyu , Alfatinnisa Zalfa , Patmala Desi , Amalia Faizul Muna , Shinta Angel , Subagio Agus
Published: May 2022

The development of Ag3PO4 photocatalyst for dye waste treatment is necessary because of its superiority compared to other materials. In this research, Ag3PO4 was synthesized with AgNO3 and HAp from milkfish bones. Syntesis was done by simple ion-exchange method. In this research, composition of AgNO3:HAp are 1:0.1; 1:0.3; and 1:0.5 to determine the optimum composition. Based on XRD results, it shows that ion-exchange process between phosphate ions from HAp milkfish bones and Ag+ from AgNO3 was imperfect. It was shown from the presence of HAp peaks in synthesis results. Furthermore, the diffraction pattern showed that AgNO3:HAp 1:0.1 composition has the best cristalinity. Based on SEM characterization, it shows that all compositions have majority shape as spherical and small part at AgNO3/HAp 1:0.5 composition has nanorod morphology. It was also known that material with composition of AgNO3:HAp 1:0.1; 1:0.3 and 1:0.5 have average size are 100.76 nm, 92.31 nm and 107.51. From UV-Vis spectroscopy data processing, it represent the value of direct band gap of material is 3.83 eV and the value of indirect band gap is 3.6 eV. It also shows the degradation value of methylene blue with the best value was shown in AgNO3:HAp 1:0.3 composition with 47.4%.
A Refined Cumulative Fatigue Damage Model for Rubber Components
Authors: Wang Wen Tao , Zhang Zhi , Wu Jing , Yang Chao Feng
Published: May 2022

Prediction of the fatigue of rubber component can be difficult owing to rubber material being mechanically nonlinear and a large variety of randomness being invloved in production. Based on the classic metal fatigue prediction theory, this work proposes a refined cumulative fatigue predictor in a tensor form for the rubber components fagtigue life prediction using a hyperelastic FE analysis. The predictor is applied to estimate the fatigue behavior of engine rubber mounts under two working conditions while the fatigue life is measured using hydraulic testing machine. The predicted fatigue life is shown to be within ±2 times of the measurement results suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed method.The applicability of the proposed approach in rubber-related industrial products evaluation is discussed.
Chemical Approach for the Synthesis of Nanofibers from Sugar Palm Fiber as a Functional Adsorbent Modified with Cobalt Oxide to Remove Dye Waste
Authors: Mahardiani Lina , Lesana Pundung Setia , Saputro Sulistyo
Published: May 2022

The waste of palm sugar fiber from the home industry of glass noodles reaches 25 tons/day and has not been used economically regardless of the content of its cellulose about 52%. With the high content of cellulose, palm sugar fiber can be synthesized as a functional adsorbent to overcome the environmental issues that arise. The synthesis of nanofiber was carried out in several steps including washing the sample to remove dirt, synthesizing using a chemical approach (NaOH, HCl, NaClO2, and CH3COOH), and modifying the nanofiber surface with 3% and 5% cobalt oxide. The characterization showed that palm sugar fiber was successfully transformed into nanofiber based on XRD, FTIR, dan SEM results. The removal of dye waste was observed, showing that the adsorption capacity of nanofiber modified with 5% cobalt oxide calcined at 400 °C for 2 hours was suitable for methylene blue removal compared to congo red up to 9.162 mg/g. The adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
The management of brain metastases in melanoma patients
Authors: Crivellari Stefania , Megna Iacopo , Delfanti Sara , De Angelis Antonina , Durante Oreste , Merlo Giulia , Ghiglione Marco , Grosso Federica
Published: May 2022

Among solid tumors, melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, with the highest risk of developing brain metastasis. The central nervous system is the most frequent initial site of treatment failure, both with chemotherapy and with biological therapies.

The combination of antiCTLA4 and antiPD1 is superior to single agents alone in terms of rapidity and duration of responses, although its activity is limited in symptomatic patients.

Target therapy induces rapid responses in a significant proportion of patients, but these are generally short-lasting.

Currently, there is a great interest in evaluating the combination with new immunotherapy and antiangiogenic agents, with sequential or concomitant radiotherapy.

Multidisciplinary management of patients with melanoma brain metastasis is crucial to provide the best treatment in the context of a patient-centered approach.
Loewner’s theorem for maps on operator domains
Authors: Mori Michiya , Šemrl Peter
Published: May 2022

The classical Loewner’s theorem states that operator monotone functions on real intervals are described by holomorphic functions on the upper half-plane. We characterize local order isomorphisms on operator domains by biholomorphic automorphisms of the generalized upper half-plane, which is the collection of all operators with positive invertible imaginary part. We describe such maps in an explicit manner, and examine properties of maximal local order isomorphisms. Moreover, in the finite-dimensional case, we prove that every order embedding of a matrix domain is a homeomorphic order isomorphism onto another matrix domain.
Non-linear association between serum folate concentrations and dyslipidemia: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018
Authors: Jin Taiyue , Park Eun Young , Kim Byungmi , Oh Jin-Kyoung
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the association between serum folate concentrations and the prevalence of dyslipidemia.METHODS: A total of 4,477 adults (2,019 male and 2,458 female) enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2018 were included. Serum samples were used to assess folate concentrations and total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. Multivariate logistic regression with sampling weights was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS: Elevated TC, TG, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were observed in 506 (11.3%), 646 (14.4%), 434 (9.7%), and 767 (17.1%) participants, respectively. We found non-linear trends between serum folate concentrations and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia from the restricted cubic smoothing spline. A higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was observed among participants in the first tertile of serum folate concentrations (OR,1.38; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.79) than among those in the second tertile. However, a higher prevalence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was identified for both the first and third serum folate concentration tertiles (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.05 and OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.20, respectively); furthermore, in these tertiles, the prevalence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was more pronounced among obese participants.CONCLUSIONS: Non-linear associations may exist between serum folate concentrations and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in adults. The findings suggest that more accurate recommendations about folate intake and folic acid fortification and supplementation should be provided.
Strengthening Bioinformatics and Genomics Analysis Skills in Africa for Attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals: Report of the 2nd Conference of the Nigerian Bioinformatics and Genomics Network
Authors: Isewon Itunuoluwa , Soremekun Chisom , Adebiyi Marion , Adetunji Charles , Ogunleye Adewale Joseph , Bajeh Amos Orenyi , Asani Emmanuel Oluwatobi , Gbadamosi Babatunde , Soremekun Opeyemi , Udosen Brenda , Kintu Christopher , Ogundokun Roseline , Arowolo Micheal Olaolu , Matiluko Opeyemi , Nashiru Oyekanmi , Adebiyi Ezekiel , Ekenna Chinwe , Fatumo Segun
Published: May 2022

The second conference of the Nigerian Bioinformatics and Genomics Network (NBGN21) was held from October 11 to October 13, 2021. The event was organized by the Nigerian Bioinformatics and Genomics Network. A 1-day genomic analysis workshop on genome-wide association study and polygenic risk score analysis was organized as part of the conference. It was organized primarily as a research capacity building initiative to empower Nigerian researchers to take a leading role in this cutting-edge field of genomic data science. The theme of the conference was “Leveraging Bioinformatics and Genomics for the attainments of the Sustainable Development Goals.” The conference used a hybrid approach—virtual and in-person. It served as a platform to bring together 235 registered participants mainly from Nigeria and virtually, from all over the world. NBGN21 had four keynote speakers and four leading Nigerian scientists received awards for their contributions to genomics and bioinformatics development in Nigeria. A total of 100 travel fellowships were awarded to delegates within Nigeria. A major topic of discussion was the application of bioinformatics and genomics in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG3—Good Health and Well-Being, SDG4—Quality Education, and SDG 15—Life on Land [Biodiversity]). In closing, most of the NBGN21 conference participants were interviewed and interestingly they agreed that bioinformatics and genomic analysis of African genomes are vital in identifying population-specific genetic variants that confer susceptibility to different diseases that are endemic in Africa. The knowledge of this can empower African healthcare systems and governments for timely intervention, thereby enhancing good health and well-being.