bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of spreading of invasive thorny acacia (Acacia nilotica) in Bekol Savanna of Baluran National Park to savanna area and composition of javan bull feed (Bos javanicus)
Authors: Arbiastutie Y , Diba F
Published: April 2020

Acacia nilotica was introduced to Baluran National Park in 1969 for forest fire prevention. Nowadays, A. nilotica becomes invasive species due to their fast-growing and rapid spreading species types. Bekol Savanna in Baluran National Park has been affected by the changing of grass composition of javan bull’s feed. Bekol Savanna has 12 species of grass as javan bull’s feed and dominated by Brachiria reptans as it almost covers 60% of the savanna area. GIS method was applied to estimate the area of Bekol Savanna that changed by the spreading of invasive A. nilotica by the year 2002, 2007, 2013, 2017 and 2018, through satellite imagery analysis and concentration count method to estimating javan bull population. The result shows that javan bull’s feed grass composition and changing of Bekol Savanna have an impact on javan bull population in Baluran National Park. The estimated population of Javan bull in 2003 was 81 and constantly decreased and remain 17 in year of 2017.
Morphological variation of Ahaetulla prasina (Boie, 1827) (Squamata: Colubridae) in Indonesia, with an expanded description of the species
Authors: Leo S , Supriatna J
Published: April 2020

Since Leviton (1967) argued that genus Ahaetulla needed to extensively review, we started to examine the most common Ahaetulla species in Indonesia, A. prasina. This study aims to explain the morphological variation and analyses pattern of A. prasina population from Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan and Sulawesi mainland. This study was carried out by manually counting and measuring the characteristics of 64 A. prasina specimens belongs to Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) collections on 2016. All morphological characters have analysed using PCA, homogeneity test and one way anova test. The results shown there have variation in meristic characters as the adaptation pattern due to environmental condition and sexual dimorphism. In contrast, the morphometric characters shown that there no significant and slightly variation within population in these mainlands. Kalimantan population has larger head size than others and assumed as an adaptation towards its prey. This evidence proved that A. prasina is a snake species which successfully adapt in various environment types.
The effect of forest fire on the Squirrel and Tree Shrew community dynamic in Southern Sumatra
Authors: Dwiyahreni A A
Published: April 2020

A study to investigate the effect of forest fire on the dynamic of squirrel and tree shrew community was conducted in the south of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP), Lampung, Indonesia. The park is surrounded by agricultural and plantation areas but contains some of the largest intact tracts of lowland forest remaining on the island which undergoing the most rapid forest conversion. The study focused on 8 squirrel (Ratufa bicolor, R. affinis, Callosciurus notatus, C. nigrovittatus, Sundasciurus hippurus, S. lowii, S. tenuis, and Lariscus insignis; Mammalia: Rodentia) and 3 tree shrew species (Tupaia tana, T. glis and T. minor; Mammalia: Scandentia) and described how pre- and post-fire conditions of habitat affect the density and distribution of squirrels and tree shrews in the study area. Data were collected before the fire in 1997, then each year subsequently after that until 2001. The study showed that density was significantly lower after the fire and in the burned area. The ground dwelling species were the most suffered species as fire destroyed their preferred disturbed habitat more severely than the undisturbed ones. The study has showed that fire caused changes in habitats and would change the structure of the animal community.
A benchmark assessment of ecosystem health indicator species groups at Bali Barat National Park
Authors: Winarni N L , Dwiyahreni A A , Hartiningtias D , Sunaryo  , Supriatna J
Published: April 2020

Bali Barat National Park was assessed for its suitability to receive RFS Protected Area CreditsTM. Part of the requirement is to select indicator groups from among 5 terrestrial taxa, within the eligible forest in the park boundaries, (1) insects - butterflies, (2) amphibian, (3) reptiles, (4) birds, and (5) mammals that can serve as r indicators for the overall ecosystem health of the TNBB. To select indicator groups, a biodiversity survey was conducted for during August-September 2015 in 3 study sites within Bali Barat National Park, Lebak Buah, Megatransect, and Brumbun. Different taxa were surveyed using peer-reviewed methods. The best indicator species within each taxa group (plants, butterflies, herpetofauna, birds and mammals) were defined based on their abundance and distribution in the eligible forest of the project area using Indicator Value method. Potential animal and plant indicator species were then assessed empirically for their cost-effectiveness based on survey effort and cost during the initial survey. Then they were evaluated for generality, functional importance, available scientific knowledge, and cross-taxon representation. Our results suggested that birds would be the best indicator species group, followed by butterflies, and plants. Such indicator is important surrogate for ecosystem health which can be used for conservation management priorities within protected area.
In vitro culture from internodes of Melastoma malabathricum L. on Murashige and Skoog (1962) modified medium with thidiazuron and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid
Authors: Karimah K , Yuniati R , Handayani W
Published: April 2020

A study investigating explant response from internodes of Melastoma malabathricum L. cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) modified medium with a combination of thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.1, 1 and 2 mg/L) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0, 0.1 and 1 mg/L) was conducted. The main objective of this study was to develop a protocol for M. malabathricum L. propagation using an in vitro technique. Results showed that explants could respond to all treatment media by forming calluses. Obtained calluses tended to be green in colour and to have a semi-compact texture. The optimal treatments for forming calluses were 0.1 mg/L TDZ, 1 mg/L TDZ, 0.1 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L NAA and a combination of 0.1 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L NAA. The fast-growing callus was initiated upon treatments on MS without growth hormone (16.79 days after inoculation) and MS with 1 mg/L NAA (19.65 days after inoculation). Internode explants of M. malabathricum L. could also respond to the medium by forming calluses and roots on MS medium with 0.1 mg/L NAA and MS with 1 mg/L NAA. The optimal treatment for forming indirect roots was 0.1 mg/L NAA.
Transformation of recombinant plasmid pJ404-EGFRvIII-bfp into an Escherichia coli NiCo21(DE3) expression host and its characterization
Authors: Utami E R , Dewi K S , Fuad A M , Abinawanto
Published: April 2020

Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is a mutant of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that lacks 267 amino acids (exons 2–7) within its extracellular domain that results in the formation of a new epitope as a tumor specific target. A synthetic gene of EGFRvIII has been constructed by previous researchers to encode a fusion protein as a marker in targeted cancer therapies. This research was conducted to transform the recombinant plasmid pJ404-EGFRvIII into Escherichia coli NiCo21(DE3) host cells and characterize the E. coli NiCo21(DE3) transformants. Recombinant plasmid pJ404-EGFRvIII was isolated with an alkali lysis method and transformed into E. coli NiCo21(DE3) by heat-shock method. The transformants were grown on LB medium containing100 μg/ml ampicillin and characterized by colony PCR method. The results showed that the pJ404-EGFRvIII recombinant plasmid was transformed successfully into E. coli NiCo21(DE3). With the result that, EGFRvIII gene might be express by E. coli NiCo21(DE3) for further analysis of protein expression and purification in tumor terapy.
Screening of antibacterial activity from biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Diospyros discolor Willd. extract
Authors: Rahim L , Handayani W , Santoso I , Imawan C
Published: April 2020

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a specific property for antibacterial agents. This research aims to explore the antibacterial activity from the AgNPs synthesized using Diospyros discolor Willd. extract. We determined that the leaf extract solution of D. discolor can provide reducing properties for AgNPs synthesis. The result showed a maximum absorbance peak wavelength between 420–450 nm in the produced AgNPs. The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image supported the presence of AgNPs, with size between 10–50 nm. Antimicrobial assays using E. coli produced an inhibition zone of 7.4 ± 0.7 mm from the centrifuged AgNPs, whereas those using S. aureus produced an inhibition zone of 7.66 ± 0.9 mm. An antimicrobial activity index (AI) assay against E. coli resulted in 0.2 ± 0.1 mm, whereas the activity against S. aureus resulted in an activity index of 0.40 ± 0.19 mm. AI values that were lower than 1.0 was considered had less significant activity. We also tested the growth of bacteria in the medium added with AgNPs using the dilution method. The growth of bacteria colony from the streak line showed a decline in growth for the bacteria that had been exposed to biosynthesized AgNPs with the increasing of time exposure for 5, 10 and 15 minutes, respectively.
Development of environmental DNA approaches to detect alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) from water samples
Authors: Ulayya N , Andayani N , Maryanto A E
Published: April 2020

Introduction of non-native species threatens the life of many aquatic organisms. Successful eradication efforts of non-native species include early detection, but currently no traditional monitoring techniques have been successful. New approaches using environmental DNA (eDNA) are beginning to be used as a complement for traditional monitoring methods. We tested the efficacy of eDNA methods for detecting alligator gar in an artificial pond in Depok, Indonesia. Water samples (200 mL) were collected and filtered through a 0.45 µ nitrate cellulose filter. The results show that eDNA was detected in three out of four samples throughout the 1-month study period. We found that eDNA from alligator gar can be detected using water samples and should be considered as a complementary method to traditional sampling approaches. Further studies are necessary to employ eDNA detection of alligator gar in the field.
Microalgae of genus Chara (class Charophyceae) in area of Universitas Indonesia, Depok: An effort of in situ and ex situ conservation
Authors: Prihantini N B
Published: April 2020

Exploration of Chara microalgae has been carried out in the waters of Universitas Indonesia, Depok. The area of Universitas Indonesia has body of water consisting of several small lakes and water springs. The research aims to determine the existence of Chara and is anywhere in the waters of Universitas Indonesia. The method used was purposive random sampling by exploring all bodies explored (6 situ and 1 spring) and carried out 2 times. Chara was not found in all small ponds (situ) at Universitas Indonesia. The only place where that microalgae can be found is in a stagnant water spring located to the northwest of the FMIPA UI building commonly called Lab. Alam (Nature Laboratory). Descriptions of Chara found in the Nature Laboratory are as follows. Chara found is a Monoecious organism. The height of Chara thallus is between 10 to 50 cm. The axis is 400–500 mm in diameter and 10–30 mm long, quite encrusted, gray to dark green. Oogonia size (nucule) up to 0.5 mm long, 0.35 mm wide, while antheridia (globule) up to a diameter of 300 μm. Furthermore, a deeper identification must be done. The identification and culturing of the Chara UI strain is still being processed. Meanwhile, efforts to settle outside the habitat (ex situ) have not been successful.
Utilization of mango ginger (Curcuma mangga Val.) rhizome extracts to decrease serum bilirubin in male rats (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Normasiwi F , Setiorini
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to observe the effect of ethanol extract of mango ginger rhizome (Curcuma mangga Val.) on the level of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). We categorized 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats (Rattusnorvegicus L.) into six treatment groups (NC, TC, T1, T2, T3 and T4). The NC group is a normal control group that was not injected with CCl4 and 0.5 % CMC-fed. The TC group is a treatment control group that was intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 treatment in the amount of 1 ml/kgBW and 0.5 % CMC-fed. T1, T2, T3, and T4 are treatment groups that were injected with CCl4 1 ml/kgBB and were orally administered mango ginger rhizome ethanol extract each at a dose of 10 mg/kgBW, 20 mg/kgBW, 40 mg/kgBW, and 80 mg/kgBW, respectively. The results of Kruskal & Wallis non-parametric test (α = 0.05) shows that the 10 mg/kgBW, 20 mg/kgBW, 40 mg/kgBW and 80 mg/kgBW doses impacted total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels. Dunnett’s (α = 0.05) multiple comparison test result showed that the dosages had no significant differences with KK1 group. In conclusion, the dosages could have curative effects because they successfully reduce the level of total and direct bilirubin until it approached normal level.
In vitro culture of leaf explant Melastoma malabathricum L. on Murashige & Skoog (1962) modified medium with thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)
Authors: Nauli R , Yuniati R , Handayani W
Published: April 2020

Melastoma malabathricum L. is a plant potentially useful in phytoremediation, and its successful propagation would facilitate further research in this application. The present study examined in vitro culture of leaf explants using MS medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ; 0, 0.1, 1 and 2 mg/L) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0, 0.1 and 1 mg/L) alone and in combination. Leaf explants responded to all treatments by forming callus, except on medium with a combination of 2 mg mg/L TDZ and 1 mg/L NAA. The callus formed tended to be friable-compact and compact in texture, and browning tended to occur in callus formed on media containing NAA alone. The medium containing 1 mg mg/L NAA and 0.1 mg/L TDZ gave the best results for callus formation (100 %). Callus formed faster on medium containing 1 mg/L NAA alone. Both callus and adventitious roots formed on media containing NAA alone, with 1 mg/L NAA giving the best results. One explant growing on the medium containing 2 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L NAA formed both callus and shoots.
The effects of thidiazuron and 2,4-D on the regeneration of Melastoma malabathricum L. cultured leaves
Authors: Putri F , Yuniati R , Handayani W
Published: April 2020

Melastoma malabathricum L. has potential for exploitation of its pharmacological and phytoremediation properties. We cultivated M. malabathricum leaves using in vitro cultures in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.1 and 0.2 mg.L−1), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 1, 2 and 3 mg.L−1) or both. We studied the effect of TDZ alone or combined with 2,4-D on the growth and development of cultured leaves. Explants were cultured on solid MS medium supplemented with TDZ (0, 1, 2 and 3 mg.L−1) or 2,4-D (0, 0.1 and 0.2 mg.L−1) or both. All treatments induced callus with different colours and textures. TDZ, 2,4-D or both induced callus formation in approximately 75–95 %, 95–100 % or 45–90 % of explants. Adventitious root was produced in the presence of 0.1 mg L−1 (70 %) and 0.2 mg.L −1 (60 %) 2,4-D. Adventitious shoot formation was initiated in the presence of 1 mg.L−1 (15 %), 2 mg.L−1 (5 %) and 3 mg.L−1 (5 %) TDZ. Callus formation was induced by 0.1 mg.L−1 2,4-D (63 %), 0.2 mg.L −1 2,4-D (50 %), 2 mg.L−1 TDZ (42 %) and 3 mg.L−1 TDZ (50 %), which were higher than other treatments. Callus, adventitious root or adventitious shoot was induced from leaves using 12 different media.
Comparison of fiber characteristic and sound intensity of bamboo culms used as sound tube in angklung gubrag in Cipining Village, Bogor
Authors: Maulidyawati S , Nisyawati
Published: April 2020

Angklung Gubrag is an ancient angklung that originated from Cipining Village, Bogor. The community of Cipining beliefs that Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea is preferred as angklung’s raw material compared to Gigantochloa atroviolacea. This study aimed to compare the fiber characteristic and sound intensity of G. atroviolacea and G. pseudoarundinacea culms as raw material of Angklung Gubrag. The study was conducted between February to December 2016. Methods used to compare the fiber characteristic of bamboo culms was maceration, while sound intensity was measured by sound level meter. Maceration samples were observed under microscope at Bio Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biology, Universitas Indonesia. The results showed that sound tube of Angklung Gubrag G. atroviolacea have lower sound intensity than Angklung Gubrag G. pseudoarundinacea. Fibre length of G. atroviolacea is longer that G. pseudoarundinacea. We also found that the fiber diameter, lumen diameter, and fiber wall thickness of G. pseudoarundinacea sound tube at third note was higher than G. atroviolacea sound tube at the same note. These showed similar results with the perception of Cipining community in choosing G. pseudoarundinacea as a raw material of Angklung Gubrag.
Influence of NaFeEDTA fortification in soy milk on hemoglobin levels in male Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Imantaka G M , Anita N , Zulys A , Setiorini
Published: April 2020

In this study, we investigated the influence of the fortification of soy milk with NaFeEDTA on blood hemoglobin levels in male Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). Using a completely randomized design, 25 rats were divided into five groups. A normal control group was administered standard feeding without the addition of soy milk and fortificant, whereas a treatment control group was administered soy milk without fortificant; three treatment groups were administered soy milk fortified with the following doses of NaFeEDTA: 2.7 mg Fe/kg bw (treatment group 1), 5.4 mg Fe/kg bw (treatment group 2), and 10.8 mg Fe/kg bw (treatment group 3). The five groups were consecutively treated for 21 days. Rat blood hemoglobin measurements were performed using a hematology analyzer. The results of one-way ANOVA and least significant difference tests demonstrated that after the 21-day consecutive treatment, there was a significant influence on the blood hemoglobin levels in all treatment groups when compared with treatment group 1, whereas treatment groups 2 and 3 exerted a significant influence on the blood hemoglobin levels when compared with the treatment control group. The highest increase in the blood hemoglobin levels was detected in treatment group 2, which was a 10.84 % increase from the normal control group and 9.28 % increase from the treatment control group.
Effect of salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight. Walp.) leaf extract on spermatozoa motility in ethanol-induced mice
Authors: Aulia T D , Salamah A
Published: April 2020

Decreased quality of spermatozoa can occur because of the formation of free radicals resulting from ethanol induction. Salam [Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp.] leaves have been reported to have antioxidant activity. However, it is not known whether this antioxidant activity can overcome the decline in spermatozoa motility. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the effects of ethanol extracts obtained from salam leaves on spermatozoa motility in ethanol-induced mice (Mus musculus L.). Animals were divided into 5 groups. The normal control group (KK1) was not treated and the treatment control group (KK2) was administered with 0.5 % carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and ethanol (40 % v/v) at 2.8 g/kg body weight (bw). Ethanolic extracts of salam leaves at doses of 43.75, 87.5 and 175 mg/kg bw were orally administered into the mice in treated group 1 (KP1), treated group 2 (KP2), and treated group 3 (KP3), respectively. All treated mice were induced daily by ethanol per oral (p.o) at a dose of 2.8 g/kg bw (40 % v/v). The treatment was given for 20 consecutive days. The results of LSD testing showed that ethanol extracts of salam leaves resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentages of spermatozoa motility. Compared to the mice of the KK2 group (44.88 % ± 3.40 %), the spermatozoa motility of all treated groups (KP1 56.97 % ± 2.66 %; KP2 58.19 % ± 5.33 %; KP3 53.77 % ± 4.00 %) showed higher percentages of motility.
Population studies of Cerithidea obtusa (Lamarck 1822) in mangrove forest Pangkal Babu, Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi
Authors: Rusnaningsih  , Patria M P
Published: April 2020

SnailCerithidea obtusahas an important role in the mangrove ecosystem as a decomposer and this species generally serve as food in some Southeast Asian countries, especially in Indonesia. The research of the population studies the snail in the mangrove forest of Pangkal Babu was conducted in January to February 2012. In conducting the research, we divided the sites into 3 stations by using the Purposive Random Sampling. The average of density population ranges between 3.87–7.87 ind/m2. The highest of average density population was founded in station 3, which was located in the back of the mangrove forest. It was dominated by plants ofAvicenniasp. andRhizophorasp. The snail has cluster spreading pattern. The shell length was measured between 1.8–4.4 cm, the weight was between 0.38–1.8 grams, and biomass ranges from 0.3–1.8 grams. The Spearman correlation test results indicated there was no correlation between the density ofC. obtusaand abiotic parameters.
The effect of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy milk on the red blood cell counts of male Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Wulandari D , Anita N , Zulys A , Setiorini
Published: April 2020

This study explored the effect of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy milk on red blood cell counts of male Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). Using a completely randomized design (CRD), 25 rats were divided into five groups: the normal control group, which received standard food and water without the addition of soy milk or fortificant; treatment control group, which received extra soy milk without fortificant; and three treatment groups, which received extra soy milk containing NaFeEDTA as a fortificant at 2.7 (treatment group 1), 5.4 (treatment group 2) and 10.8 mg Fe/kg bodyweight (treatment group 3). All the five groups were treated for 21 consecutive days. Rat red blood cell counts were measured using a hematology analyzer. Oneway ANOVA and the least significant difference post hoc test showed that after 21 days of consecutive treatment, there was a significant effect on the red blood cell count in all the treatment groups compared with the normal control and treatment control groups. The highest increase in the red blood cell count was detected in treatment group 2 at t21, with a 19.70 % increase compared with the normal control group and 17.27 % compared with the treatment control group.
Characterization of sandstone reservoir field “Q” sub-basin Jambi using the extended elastic impedance seismic inversion method
Authors: Debora I , Rosid M S , Riyanto A
Published: April 2020

The extended elastic impedance (EEI) inversion method is a seismic inversion technique that can optimally predict the character of a hydrocarbon reservoir using expansion of the incident angle from -90° to +90°. In the study of Field “Q” Sub–Basin Jambi, EEI was used to characterize a sandstone reservoir and predict the existence of gas or oil using the parameters Vp/Vs ratio, lambda–rho, and mu–rho. EEI was performed to determine the maximum correlation value at the optimum chi (χ) angle for each parameter specified by the correlation between the target logs and the EEI logs. The optimum chi (χ) angle was used to create a scaled volume reflectivity that was then used to make an initial model, which was required in the inversion process. Inversion was performed using a post–stack inversion–based model. The inversion results were then used to determine the spread of the reservoir, with the results indicating the possibility of a reservoir containing gas and oil. In this study, the Vp/Vs ratio ranged between 16 and 18, the mu–rho values ranged between 25 and 35 GPa*(g/cc), and the lambda–rho values ranged between 20 and 22 GPa*(g/cc) for gas and between 25 and 27 GPa*(g/cc) for oil.
Identification of the structural trap of the hydrocarbon reservoir below volcanic rocks in Majalengka region, Indonesia, using the audio-magnetotelluric method
Authors: Alfiansyah M T , Supriyanto
Published: April 2020

The exploration of hydrocarbons below volcanic rock is a significant challenge in increasing oil and gas reserves in Indonesia. Because mapping using seismic waves does not produce data of good quality in areas of volcanic rock, in this study, the audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) method was used to map the structural trap of a hydrocarbon reservoir. Geophysical surveys were also used to determine the subsurface resistivity values and phase values. The raw data were in the form of time series measurement obtained using equipment from Phoenix Geophysics. The data were processed further into apparent resistivity and phase curves toward frequency. Data processing involved various filtering methods and corrections. The result was a two-dimensional cross-section of the AMT measurement line. The data from the AMT model were interpreted in an integrated manner using geological data. The results showed a relatively good relationship between the AMT data and the geological data. The results indicate a fault zone in the area of measurement and bedding formations that have produced a petroleum system. The lower part of the Cinambo Formation, which consists of shale-dark, acts as a source rock. While the upper part of the Cinambo Formation which consists of massive sandstone with very fine sand to silty above the shale-dark is thought to be a reservoir. The hydrocarbon trap could be of the structural type because there is a fault zone in the area of measurement.
Development of seismic acquisition instrumentation system based MEMS accelerometer using SPI communication with Raspberry Pi
Authors: Arrosyid S , Wijaya S K , Supriyanto
Published: April 2020

The background of this research concerned to the operational cost and human resources to conduct seismic data surveys. In seismic surveys, the tools and cables are very heavy and need very long cables, so they spend a lot of cost and resources. Based on those reasons, an improvement of Geophone technology for data acquisition was needed in this study to reduce cost and resources. Accelerometer based on MEMS technology was proposed to replace a conventional geophone to reduce costs and human resources. In previous research, a study of seismic signal acquisition instrumentation based on MEMS accelerometer sensor could acquire only two geophones. In this study has renewed seismic signal accelerometer by communication aspect to acquire more geophones or seismic signal acquisition instrumentation. So, it would be more efficient and reduce cost and need fewer resources. The hypothesis is Output data of this system is almost the same with output from conventional geophone. This system uses SPI Extender module to make one Raspberry Pi to acquire more MEMS geophone and with further cable reach. Respond result or output of geophone is saved into Raspberry Pi first so that it can be taken wirelessly by the host computer. Trial test is done at Universitas Indonesia. Based on the test results, the response of the MEMS Geophone, when given a wave explosion, is almost the same as a conventional Geophone.
Perception of the community on the use of biogas as alternative energy (Case study: Jetak Village, Getasan sub district)
Authors: Putri A , Purwanto  , Purnaweni H
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research is to know public perception of biogas users in Jetak Village, Semarang Regency viewed from technological aspect, technical (biogas installation), biogas benefit, economy and environment. The method used qualitative descriptive with qualitative descriptive approach. The technique of determining key informants was done by purposive sampling. Data were obtained from cattle ranchers who lived in the study sites through interviews, observation and documentation. The result of this research is overall the perception about biogas energy get a positive response from user society. However, there are some things that should be considered for the government and others in providing assistance that is necessary to consider the evaluation and monitoring periodically so that the constraints experienced by the user community can be known early and can be found right solutions. In addition, the sustainability of the use of biogas energy can be done from generation to generation not just the aid which in the end becomes only useless materials.
Delineation of the permeable zone using microearthquake data in the geothermal field R
Authors: Sinaga R P , Rosid M S , Ramadhan I
Published: April 2020

Reservoirs are an important component in geothermal systems. Hot fluids accumulate in reservoirs, which consist of thick layers of permeable rock. Micro-earthquake methods can be used to identify the permeable zone in a geothermal system. In particular, observations of micro-earthquake hypocenters provide a promising technique to detect such permeable zones. Determinations of the hypocenters are performed using the single-event determination method. Micro-earthquake hypocenter relocations are performed to obtain more accurate locations and to reduce errors that occur because of inaccurate velocity models. The relocation method that is used in this study is double-difference relocation, which is the most efficient and fastest method available and is capable of generating small errors with no necessity of station corrections. In this study, we use data recordings by 18 stations of the micro-earthquake activity in the geothermal Field R from June to October 2012. The processing data start from raw time series data. The distributions of the relocated hypocenters were then matched to the supporting magnetotelluric and geologic data. The result of this study shows that there is a significant amount of seismic activity on the southern part of Mount R. The distribution of micro-earthquakes forms a cluster and a northwest–southeast structure pattern. The distribution of the hypocenters can be interpreted as the permeable zone beneath the surface, with the northwest– southeast fault pattern as the hydrogeology controller of the geothermal system in the geothermal Field R.
Fishermen’s perception of fisheries resources and water condition in Kretek District, Parangtritis
Authors: Susiloningtyas D
Published: April 2020

The coastal area which located in Kretek District performed the highest production in capture fisheries of Bantul Regency. As the consequence, many people in this district earn their living on fisheries sector as a fisherman, especially people in Parangtritis Village. The existence of perception affect relation between the person and their environment. In this case, the perception between fishermen and their coastal area specifically the sea water condition. Therefore, the study was conducted to understand the perception which develop in this area. The method used was quantitative descriptive method with chi-square test to understand relation between fishermen’s characteristic and perception with condition in Parangtritis coast. Result showed that fishermen’s perception about size of capture fish results, needed for conservation of fish resources, and about capture fish result condition in Parangtritis coast is have a relation with level of education, income, and fishermen’s place of origin.
New reservoirs prediction and production effects in the a Kutai Basin using the spectral decomposition method
Authors: Afzalurrahman  , Haris A , Riyanto A
Published: April 2020

The reservoir prospect with the play sub-thrust fault concept is new in the Kutai Basin. The Kutai Basin is the widest and deepest tertiary sedimentary basin in Indonesia. This basin still has many potential hydrocarbon reservoirs that have not been discovered and must continue to be explored. Prospect evaluation is one of the important stages in hydrocarbon exploration. One of ways that can accommodate prediction of reservoir distribution prospects is spectral decomposition analysis method. Prediction of reservoir distribution prospects uses spectral decomposition. The purpose of integration, blending and coordinating some processes, of this analysis is to investigate the distribution of reservoirs and trap integrity by using Spectral Decomposition analysis. In this study, low-frequency zone analysis and amplitude anomalies were observed at low frequencies and compared with the amplitude at mid and high frequencies. Amplitude analysis is used to distinguish the possibility of lithology and its filling fluid. The amplitude anomaly is seen at low frequencies and disappears at high frequencies. The spectral decomposition methods used are Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT) and Generalized Spectral Decomp (GSD). The results of the various processes are then compared to see new reservoirs and the effect of production.
Seagrass distribution using remote sensing along the Ujunggenteng Coastal, Sukabumi
Authors: Ditriyani E , Supriatna  , Tambunan M P
Published: April 2020

Seagrass beds play an important role in marine ecosystems, primarily as a habitat that supports marine life. This study was undertaken to address the lack of available research regarding changes in seagrass density from year to year along the Ujunggenteng coastal, which is necessary to preserve seagrass beds in this area. More specifically, the purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of seagrass beds along the Ujunggenteng coastal and analyze their physical characteristics over a sixteen year period, from 2000–2016. The method used remote sensing technology that is used to look at the distribution of seagrass beds by performing calculations based on Lyzenga algorithms. Based on the results of data processing, seagrass in the study area was found to be distributed on three coral reefs. From year to year, the area of seagrass along the Ujunggenteng coastal appeared to increase. The physical characteristics affecting the distribution of seagrass along the Ujunggenteng coastal wered found to be sea surface temperature, salinity, and depth of sea water, and the physical characteristics that did not affect the distribution of seagrass were currents and sea water transparency.
Assessment of tropical forest degradation on a small island using the enhanced vegetation index
Authors: Hasanah A , Supriatna  , Indrawan M
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to measure and document the forest degradation on a small forested island in the tropics, that is, Peleng, Central Sulawesi. The forest conditions were observed using Landsat satellite images from 1991 to 2014. To quantify the change in the vegetation cover, a detection technique using Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) images was applied. Most parts of the main study area on Peleng are covered by highly degraded forest. However, the degradation decreases with increasing altitude. The EVI application shows that 48 % of Peleng’s forests are highly degraded, 28 % are moderately degraded, and 24 % are less degradation. Highly degraded and poorly managed forests occur at a lower altitude, where the road infrastructure (thus the accessibility) is developed well. Moderately degraded forest is found at borders with cultivation areas. The less degraded areas are found at a higher altitude, far from human habitations, which are mainly in the coastal areas. Local agriculture activities, illegal logging, and wildlife hunting are the main causes of forest degradation. This work represents one of few studies that apply the EVI in tropical forests. The benefit of EVI is discussed.
Using NDVI algorithm in Sentinel-2A imagery for rice productivity estimation (Case study: Compreng sub-district, Subang Regency, West Java)
Authors: Khoirunnisa F , Supriatna  , Wibowo A
Published: April 2020

Rice is the major staple food for nearly half of Indonesia’s population and has a considerable contribution to the global agricultural economy. As a rice granary with the highest rice productivity in Subang Regency, Compreng Sub-district plays an important role in food security. In 2017 Compreng Sub-district had 5,263 ha of rice harvested area with the productivity of 5.7 tons/ha. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to update information about the area and distribution of rice fields to estimate its productivity accurately. This study aims to explain the correlation between the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values and rice productivity and then to estimate the rice productivity in Compreng Sub-district, Subang Regency in 2017. The methods used were Sentinel-2A imagery with NDVI equation. The results indicated that a Linear R Correlation best described the correlation between the NDVI value and rice productivity and an R2 value of 0.88 was obtained. The estimated calculation of Compreng Sub-district productivity in 2017 is an average of 5.65 ton/ha and the results of data accuracy using Root Mean Square Error between rice productivity estimation with the data from Department of Agriculture in Compreng Sub-district is 0.63.
Cilamaya estuary zonation based on sea surface salinity with 2 Sentinel-2A satellite imagery
Authors: Kaffah S , Supriatna  , Damayanti A
Published: April 2020

Estuaries act as transitional areas on the coastal zone that connect highly saline ocean environments with fresh river systems. This dynamic aquatic ecosystem is created by deep fluctuations in water quality and salinity levels. Cilamaya estuary supports a highly diverse marine ecosystem that is underutilized due to knowledge deficiencies of its variable rates of salinity. The aim of this study is to show the difference zone of estuary based on the sea surface salinity in the different time, so that Cilamaya Estuary areas can be utilized optimally for resource management. Sea surface salinity is obtained using algorithmic calculations based on the Sentinel-2A imagery. Salinity levels are studied based on the rainy and dry seasons. The higher salinity occur on the dry seasons, while on the rainy seasons have a lower salinity. Estuary areas experience 0.5-30 %o salinity placing it within the three zoning classes of the Venice System; Mexo-oligohaline; Mexo-mesohaline and Mexo-polyhaline.
Water quality assessment of Saluran Tarum Barat, West Java, based on biological monitoring working party-average score per taxon (BMWP-ASPT)
Authors: Dewi S D K , Wardhana W
Published: April 2020

A water quality assessment in the Saluran Tarum Barat was conducted at three stations, representing the beginning, middle, and end of the canal between February and May 2017. This research aimed to determine the quality of Saluran Tarum Barat water using benthic macroinvertebrates as a bioindicator through the Biological Monitoring Working Party-Average Score Per Taxon (BMWP - ASPT) method. Environmental parameters were also measured. The sampling found six families of macroinvertebrates: Naucoridae; Viviparidae; Parathelphusidae; Pisauridae; Palaemonidae; and Thiaridae. However, Parathelphusidae and Pisauridae families are not covered in the BMWP scoring list. Saluran Tarum Barat has an ASPT range from 4.25–4.5, which indicates that the water is moderately polluted.
The cellular voice traffic profiling spatial urban land use for South Jakarta
Authors: Taki H M , Djaja B M , Nurlambang T , Lubis M Z , Koestoer R H
Published: April 2020

Cellular traffic in the literature can be classified into voice, SMS, and data. Along with the rapid development of internet technology, a cellular operator is required to have spatial-based customer behavior information as the primary data in making business policy. The use of cell phone in Jakarta is remarkably recorded, while competitors among cell phone providers unavoidably follow the costumers’ behaviors. Combined methods are applied such as statistical analysis of ANOVA and multiple comparison tests supplemented by the spatial techniques using Geographic Information System (GIS) to review the time and area differences of the voice traffic changes. A cellular provider name Indosat is chosen as a case of voice traffic model data. Simple land-use types of residential classifications are set up and isolated rings of Von Thunen are reconstructed to explain more on the relationship between voice traffic of cell phone and land use distribution. The result of research indicates that the voice traffic highly varies among residential strata and commercial areas. In addition, voice traffics vary between weekdays and weekends depending on the accumulated users.
Introduction: Methodologies for researching Africa
Authors: Bob-Milliar George M
Published: April 2020

This article ties the main issues raised in research notes that have been published by African Affairs. Research notes are dedicated to discussions of issues that arise in producing knowledge on Africa. These notes, drawn from rich experiences, tackle the above and other questions from various angles. The arguments and proposals presented are crucial for understanding the mutability of approaches and also raise important questions about how to sustain observed improvements and consolidate accrued gains towards a more fruitful, ethical, and fairer endeavour of studying Africa. These notes will inform and challenge academics in their thinking about issues ranging from methods and research design to negotiating their stakes in policy research partnerships. Africanists researchers will have to reflect deeply and selectively on what methodological approaches would best answer Africa’s peculiar problems. Africanists can engage in meaningful research when critique is deployed in selecting the methodology and possibly in getting the right research question. The insights from the notes might play a useful role on syllabi to help train and socialize the next generation of Africanists in the values of practical ethics and sustainable research engagements. Heterodox research methodologies will dominate the field of African studies for many years to come. And Africanists researchers should not allow their disciplinary or epistemic rules hold them back from using innovative methodologies to contribute to the intellectual output of the continent.
Driving in Parkinson’s disease: a retrospective study of driving and mobility assessments
Authors: Lloyd Katherine , Gaunt Daisy , Haunton Victoria , Skelly Rob , Mann Helen , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Henderson Emily J
Published: April 2020

Background

To guide decision-making about driving ability, some patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) undergo specialist driving assessment. However, decisions about driving safety in most patients need to be made without this definitive test. There is no consensus on what predicts unsafe driving in PD nor a validated prediction tool to guide clinician decision-making and the need to refer for further assessment.

Objectives

To describe the characteristics of patients with PD assessed at a Driving Mobility Centre and investigate factors that predict driving assessment outcome.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of patients with PD assessed between 2012 and 2016. Descriptive analyses and logistic models to determine factors predicting a negative outcome.

Results

There were 86 assessments of patients with PD. The mean age was 70 years (±9.2), 86% were male, median disease duration 7 years (interquartile range 5–12.5 years) and 59% were referred by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency. In total, 62% had a negative ‘not drive’ outcome. The Rookwood Driving Battery (RDB), depth of vision deficit, usual driving frequency, age, duration license held and response time were all predictors in univariable analysis. The RDB was the best predictor of assessment failure, conditional on other variables in a backward stepwise model (odds ratio 1.29; 95% confidence interval 1.05, 1.60; P = 0.015).

Conclusions

This is the first study to describe patients with PD undergoing driving assessments in the UK. In this population, RDB performance was the best predictor of outcome. Future prospective studies are required to better determine predictors of driving ability to guide development of prediction tools for implementation into clinical practice.
It’s not all about temperature: breeding success also affects nest design
Authors: Edwards Sophie C , Shoot Tanya T , Martin R Jeffrey , Sherry David F , Healy Susan D
Published: April 2020

There are numerous observational studies on intraspecific variation in avian nest building and a single experimental manipulation. The general consensus is that birds build nests in response to environmental conditions, but it is not clear whether such flexibility in nest building is reproductively advantageous. To test the relationship between building flexibility and reproductive success, we allowed captive zebra finches to build their first nest, using string, and to breed in temperature-controlled rooms held at 14 or 30 °C. Once the offspring had fledged, we returned half the pairs to breed at the same temperature while half the pairs were switched to the alternative temperature. We provided all pairs with string and left them to build and breed a second time. For their first nest, pairs that built at 14 °C used more string than did pairs that built at 30 °C, and pairs that bred successfully built a nest with more string than did unsuccessful pairs. When pairs built their second nest, however, temperature no longer explained the number of pieces of string they used; rather, irrespective of the ambient temperature, pairs that had successfully produced young from their first nest used the same amount of string for their second nest, whereas those that had failed to reproduce with their first nest used more string. These latter pairs were then more likely to reproduce successfully. Ambient temperature, therefore, did affect the nest the pairs built but only in the absence of reproductive experience.
Deep learning for biological age estimation
Authors: Ashiqur Rahman Syed , Giacobbi Peter , Pyles Lee , Mullett Charles , Doretto Gianfranco , Adjeroh Donald A
Published: April 2020

Modern machine learning techniques (such as deep learning) offer immense opportunities in the field of human biological aging research. Aging is a complex process, experienced by all living organisms. While traditional machine learning and data mining approaches are still popular in aging research, they typically need feature engineering or feature extraction for robust performance. Explicit feature engineering represents a major challenge, as it requires significant domain knowledge. The latest advances in deep learning provide a paradigm shift in eliciting meaningful knowledge from complex data without performing explicit feature engineering. In this article, we review the recent literature on applying deep learning in biological age estimation. We consider the current data modalities that have been used to study aging and the deep learning architectures that have been applied. We identify four broad classes of measures to quantify the performance of algorithms for biological age estimation and based on these evaluate the current approaches. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on possible future directions in biological aging research using deep learning. This study has significant potentials for improving our understanding of the health status of individuals, for instance, based on their physical activities, blood samples and body shapes. Thus, the results of the study could have implications in different health care settings, from palliative care to public health.