bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VARIATIONS OF THE STRUCTURE, TOPOGRAPHY, BLOOD SUPPLY AND INNERVATION OF THE BRACHIORADIALIS IN HUMAN FETUS
Authors: Koval Oleksandr A. , Khmara Tatiana V. , Bilyk Yaroslav O. , Kryvchanska Mariana I. , Vlasova Kateryna V.
Published: January 2023

The aim of the research was to establish the features of age-related and individual anatomical variability of the brachioradialis, its blood supply, and innervation options.
Materials and methods: The study of the variant anatomy of the brachioradialis and its vascular and nervous structures was carried out on 25 preparations of human fetuses of 4-7 months, 81.0-270.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length (PCL) using macromicroscopic preparation, injection vessels, and morphometry.
Results: Spindle-like (56%) and round (24%) shapes of the brachioradialis were found in most of the studied fetuses; its elongated flat (12%) and triangular (8%) forms occur less often. In a fetus of 185.0 mm TKD, the right brachioradialis consisted of two separate parts: upper and lower, which were connected at the level of the middle of the forearm into a common short muscle belly. In another human fetus of 220.0 mm TKD, the right brachioradialis also consisted of two separate parts – upper and lower, triangular in shape, but separated by a pronounced horizontal gap.
Conclusions: The features of the fetal anatomy of the brachioradialis are established: its variability and bilateral asymmetry of shape and size, variability of the places of origin and attachment, etc. In individual human fetuses, the brachioradialis consists of two separate parts that have special topographical relationships. The area of the greatest concentration of both extra- and intramuscular nerves and arteries is the upper and middle third of the brachioradialis. In the area of the forearm, the course of radial vascular-nerve formations is determined by the brachioradialis.
NEUTROPHIL ACTIVITIES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS DEPENDING ON PERIODONTAL STATE
Authors: Yanko Nataliia V. , Kaskova Lyudmyla F. , Kulai Olga O. , Khmil Olena V. , Novikova Svitlana Ch.
Published: January 2023

The aim: To estimate the neutrophil activities in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) depending on periodontal state.
Materials and methods: A total of 93 individuals aged 12-16 years, including 62 T1DM patients and 31 healthy (H) controls, were included. Both groups were categorized into subgroups depending on their periodontal state. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils (PAN) the index of neutrophil activation (INA), and the percent of formazan-active neutrophils were evaluated using the spontaneous and the induced nitroblue tetrazolium (sNBT and iNBT) tests into oral rinses.
Results: PAN was significantly higher in the healthy (H) controls with gingivitis compared with the individuals with gingival health (p < 0.0001). This parameter decreased significantly in the T1DM subjects, especially with periodontitis, compared with the H controls (p < 0.0001). The percent of formazan-active neutrophils and INA in the sNBT test increased in the T1DM patients with gingival health and continued to raise as periodontal state of adolescents with T1DM worsened (p<0.0001). The parameters of the iNBT test in the T1DM adolescents decreased with the periodontal disease development (p < 0.0001) that may demonstrate that superoxide production exhausts in diabetes, especially associated with periodontal disease.
Conclusions: The sNBT test in studied adolescents showed that both periodontal disease and T1DM increase the rate of activated neutrophils (p<0,05).
ON SOCIAL NETWORKS, DIGITAL MEDIA, AND MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Danylova Tetiana , Storozhuk Svіtlana , Vus Viktor , Shmarhun Vitalii , Kryvda Nataliia , Pavlova Olena , Kholodynska Svitlana
Published: January 2023

The aim: The paper attempts to investigate the impact of social networks and digital media on mental health and psychological well-being.
Materials and methods: The data collection was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar databases. Research papers were identified according to the search terms “cyberspace”, “cyberpsychology”, “digital media”, “virtual reality”, “social networks”, “mental health”, “psychological well-being”, “beauty”, “beauty standards”. The authors used integrative anthropological approach, interpretive research paradigm, and multidisciplinary analysis.
Conclusion: The digital world is a relatively recent phenomenon, therefore, the potential relationship between its use and mental health and psychological well-being has not yet been adequately explored. Most of the research has been conducted over the last decades; and until now the scientific community has not been able to fully interpret the obtained results and come to final conclusions. As Timpano and Beard rightly pointed out, the future research should be focused on types and motivations for the use of social networks; identify potential mechanisms linking the social media use and mental health symptoms; reveal an impact of social networks on declines in face-to-face social interactions; understand the link of social networks with maladaptive coping strategies and health behaviors. The relationship between social networks, digital media use and psychological functioning is not straightforward and depends on many factors. However, we should not forget that there is nothing new under the sun. The same people act in both digital and physical spaces. And the psychological problems that are revealed in the digital universe are the same that “accompany” the actors of the digital communication process in the real, physical world. Anyway, we cannot avoid cyberspace, so we have to learn how to interact within this challenging world.
MEDICINAL HERBS AND PLANTS IN MEDIEVAL MEDICAL PRACTICE (BASED ON THE LATIN POEM “DE VIRIBUS HERBARUM” BY MACER FLORIDUS)
Authors: Petryshyn Marta J. , Zahaiska Halina M. , Liubimova Oxana V. , Todoshchuk Veronika H.
Published: January 2023

The aim: The aim of our research is to make an inventory and systematize prescriptions for the use of medicinal plants during the early Middle Ages, based on Macerus Floridus’ original Latin text “De viribus herbarum”, to develop awareness of the role of phytotherapy in medieval medicine and the possibility of integrating herbal medicine with modern conventional methods of prevention and treatment.
Materials and methods: The material for this study is a medieval Latin didactic poem by the 11th-century French physician and researcher Odo of Meung-sur-Loire (pseudonym Macer Floridus), the extant manuscripts of which are known in the history of medicine as “De viribus herbarum” or “De natura herbarum”. The medical-pharmacological treatise (published in 1831 by Ludwig Choulant) describes the medicinal properties of seventy-seven plants of peasant gardens, grasses of meadows and fields of Europe, medicinal herbs of medieval apothecary gardens as well as aromatic plants and spices of the East.
Conclusions: Medicinal plants and herbs were successfully used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, hepatobiliary system, urinary and respiratory organs and were also applied in gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology and dentistry.
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSITIVITY CHOICES IN HASHMI’S WHEN THE MOON IS LOW
Authors: Ahmad Rimsha , Zahida Hussain
Published: January 2023

The present study concerns on exploring how experiential meanings have been constructed through specific linguistic choices in Nadia Hashmi’s novel When the Moon Is Low. The main theoretical framework used for the clause analysis is transitivity model of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) through which the experiential meanings in the novel under study have been studied. The data comprises the novel, ‘When the Moon Is Low’ by Nadia Hashmi. Furthermore, the UAM corpus tool developed by O’Donnell (2009) has been used for the data analysis. The main focus of the research is to explore the transitivity patterns in the novel and explain the experiential meanings through transitivity analysis. Examining the language of a literary text can lead to a fuller understanding of the text and thus appreciation of the writer’s artistic achievement (Leech & Short, 2007). Accordingly, this study considers the relationship between linguistic structures and socially constructed meaning in a literary text. The results of the study reveal that there are total 77235 grammatical units. The results depict the highest frequency of participants is 23618 (30.57%). The processes are 21343 (27.63%), circumstances 13043 (16.88%) and configuration 19232 (24.89%). Among process types, material process has the highest frequency 11219 (63.58%). It shows that the author has portrayed the events of the novels by elaborating what is happening in the material world and what the characters are doing. By analysing When the Moon is Low through transitivity framework, process types in selected texts and their function has been found. Transitivity choices impart a significant role in the transmission of implicit meanings.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TENTANG MENCUCI TANGAN TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DI MASA COVID 19 PADA ANAK SEKOLAH
Authors: Elsi Rahmadani  , Marlin Sutrisna
Published: January 2023

Every year, 3.5 million children die from diarrheal diseases and ARI and Covid 19 which can be minimized by washing hands. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education on hand washing on knowledge of students at MIN 2 Bengkulu City. The method used is a method with a pre and post one group Quasi Experiment approach. The sample in this study amounted to 23 respondents using total sampling technique. This study uses SPSS with the Wilcoxon test bivariate statistical test with a value of = <0.05. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the average knowledge value before was 5.30 and the average knowledge value after health education on washing hands was 12.87. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of health education on hand washing on students' knowledge (p value = 0.000). Researchers suggest that schools can routinely provide learning about health, especially about washing hands for elementary school children.
FAKTOR?FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PERDARAHAN POSTPARTUM
Authors: Siti Aisyah
Published: January 2023

Postpartum hemorrhage is bleeding more than 500-600 ml for 24 hours after the child is born (Mochtar, 2015). Based on the time of occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage can be divided into primary bleeding and secondary bleeding. Postpartum hemorrhage is the most common cause of all deaths from obstetric hemorrhage. Postpartum hemorrhage is bleeding that exceeds 500 ml after the baby is born with vaginal delivery and exceeds 1000 ml at cesarean section (Chunningham, 2012). The sample in this study was 90 people using a systematic random sampling technique. From the results of the analysis, it is known that there is a relationship between uterine atony (p-value 0.029), retained placenta (p-value 0.002), and multiple pregnancies (p-value 0.007), with the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. In 2020. It is recommended to be an input for the health services that have been provided to improve the quality of services to maternity mothers, especially those experiencing postpartum hemorrhage.
GAMBARAN KETERAMPILAN MENYIKAT GIGI DENGAN PENURUNAN INDEKS PLAK PADA SISWA/I SDN 123 HUTABARGOT DOLOK
Authors: Yenny Lisbeth Siahaan  , Nelly Katarina Manurung  , Sondang
Published: January 2023

Brushing teeth is intended to remove plaque from tooth surface in order to forestall the incidence of plaque accumulation. Skill in brushing teeth is generally suggested to remove soft deposit from tooth surface so that the accumulation of plaque can be avoided. The objective of the research was to find out the skill in brushing teeth on decreasing plaque index in the students of SN 123 Hutabargot Dolok, in 2015.The research was a descriptive survey which was performed by direct examination on plaque index. The population was 160 students, and16 of them were used as the samples. The result of the research showed that there was the difference in plaque index value in the respondents. Before the counseling about the skill in brushing teeth was provided, none of the respondents (0%) had good knowledge, 2 of them (12.5%) had moderate knowledge, and 14 of them (87.5%) had bad knowledge. After the counseling, 2 respondents (12.5%) had good knowledge, 8 respondents (50%) had moderate knowledge, and 6 respondents (37.5%) had bad knowledge. The conclusion of the research was that counseling about the skill in brushing teeth for the students at SDN 123 Hutabargot Dolok, in 2015, had increased their knowledge of brushing teeth. It is recommended that dental nurses provide counseling about dental and oral health, especially about the skill in good and correct tooth brushing so that dental and oral health can be maintained.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK KELUARGA DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA REMAJA DI SMAN 1 SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Pasalina Engla , Hendri Devita  , Nirmala Sari  , Vitri Yuli Afni Amran  , Ira Suryanis  , Novi Maya Sari
Published: January 2023

Stunting prevalence (aged 16-18 years) in Indonesia based on Riskesdas data in 2010, 2013 and 2018 was 31.2%, 31.4% and 26.9%, respectively. West Sumatra is one of the provinces in Indonesia with a fairly high prevalence of stunting in adolescents, namely 18.4% short adolescents and 7.2% very short adolescents. The high prevalence of stunting in West Sumatra is still a big question mark because West Sumatra is rich in plant and animal food sources. One of the cities in West Sumatra as the largest producer of plant and animal food is Padang Panjang City. Stunting is one of the predictors of poor quality of Human Resources. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between family characteristics and the incidence of stunting in adolescents at SMAN West Sumatra Padang Panjang. This research is an analytical survey research with a cross-sectional design. The research population was all students of SMAN 1 West Sumatra Padang Panjang. The sample amounted to 70 people who were taken by accidental sampling technique. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate. The results showed that there was no relationship between family characteristics (educational level of father and mother, occupation of father and mother, and number of family members) with the incidence of stunting in adolescents.
GAMBARAN MOTIVASI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERAWATAN GIGI DITINJAU DARI ANGKA PERFORMANCE TREATMENT INDEX
Authors: Rawati Siregar  , Sri Junita Nainggolan  , Netty Jojor Aritonang
Published: January 2023

Performance Treatment Index is a number that shows the ability to maintain teeth by filling teeth. Tooth filling is a treatment action by placing a filling in the cavity of the tooth (caries). The purpose of dental fillings is to prevent further damage, restore the anatomy and function of the teeth to their original state to prevent tooth extraction. This type of research is a descriptive survey. The research sample was the community with a total of 30 respondents. The purpose of the study was to determine the community's motivation about dental care to the Performance Treatment Index (PTI) number. The results showed that the respondent's motivation regarding dental care was in the good category (66.67%), the dental condition status with DMF-T was 8.46 on average, D=4, M=4, F=0.47. Compared to the health status indicator (D?2), the D value in this study was above the target. The PTI achievement rate is 5.5% compared to the dental health level indicator (PTI?50%), so the PTI value is below the target. It is hoped that the community will try to maintain their teeth by filling their teeth according to indications, conducting regular dental check-ups every 6 months and maintaining dental and oral health.
EFEKTIVITAS DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DALAM PELAKSANAAN SELF MANAGEMENT DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 BERDASARKAN HEALTH BELIEF MODEL : SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Siregar Yaumil Hafsani
Published: January 2023

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 is insulin resistance which influenced by lifestyle factors and obesity that requires intervention, one of which is health education based on health belief model. Health education self-management based on health belief mode lis the right management requires the role of health workers including nurses and families in order to improve quality of life Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Systematic Review aims to identify the effectiveness of family support in implementing self-management Diabetes mellitus based onhealth belief model. Article search using database: PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar with inclusion criteria, namely: full text, in the range 2014-2021 , having DOI, the type of Randomized Control Trials (RCT) research selected using JBI assessment. From the literature search, 7 articles were obtained that met the criteria for the study. The seven articles state that family support in doing self-management based on health belief model effective for controlling HbA1c, blood sugar levels, reducing stress, promoting a healthy lifestyle, coping, and health domains of quality of life. Family support in self-management based onhealth belief model can improve the quality of life of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. So it is necessary to have an intervention program based on family support in collaboration with nurses to improve self-management compliance by adjusting the health conditions of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.
Review Artikel: Metode Teknologi Dalam Sistem Penghantaran Obat Transdermal Sediaan Patch
Authors: Assyfa  , Azizah Nurhabibah  , Nurul Maulida  , Shofia Difa Aulia  , Siti Nurcahyati  , Yuliani Dewi  , Nia Yuniarsih
Published: January 2023

Transdermal is a route of drug administration through the skin, where many lipid layers are difficult to penetrate so that transdermal preparations are needed as a place for drug entry, for example creams and gels. The mechanism of drug delivery is through diffusion of the stratum corneum layer through lipid molecules, before releasing the drug in a controlled and constant manner followed by various other benefits and aims to increase the pharmacological effect in order to reach the maximum level. However, the permeability of the drug is not strong enough to pass through the stratum corneum. So we need a transdermal preparation that can work optimally and overcome the obstacles. This study aims to demonstrate the form, evaluation, formulation, and application of transdermal preparations in new drug delivery systems. Method used literature review of the 10 most journal articles and contains related information. Based on the research results, transdermal dosage forms differ depending on the level of concentration and each technological method needs adapted to the characteristics  drug and the route of drug delivery given.
Persepsi dan Minat Masyarakat Terhadap Urban Farming di Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Syabrina El , Rosmaina Rosmaina , Dani Risqiana , Purwati Purwati , Sari Nadya Hermantika
Published: January 2023

Food security is a global development issue, especially in urban areas, including Pekanbaru City. The food source to meet the needs of residents in Pekanbaru City still depends on the surrounding area. The availability of independent food is a big challenge for the people of Pekanbaru City. Even though Pekanbaru City still has an area of abandoned land covering an area of 3,883.7 hectares which can be used for urban farming. Urban farming is one of the initiatives to produce food independently through using yards, unused land, gardens around the house, open space, and vertical use of space (vermiculture). However, implementing urban farming in Pekanbaru City is still not the best. This study seeks to determine respondents' perceptions of the social, economic, and ecological benefits of urban farming, as well as respondents' interest in participating in urban farming management. This research was carried out in August 2022 using a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques for questionnaires, interviews, documentation, and observations. The respondents of this study totalled 102 people who were urban farming managers both individually and in purposively selected groups. The collected data underwent validity and reliability testing and then analyzed descriptively with the Likert scale. This study found that respondents' perceptions of the benefits of urban farming, both from social, economic, and ecological aspects, scored 3.17, agreeing with the criteria. Social benefits had the highest score (3.34) compared to economic (2.95) and ecological (3.24) benefits. Additionally, due to the high interest in managing urban farming, Pekanbaru City has the opportunity to advance urban farming. But according to this study, to maximize the community's socialization and education on the advantages of urban farming and boost the economic and ecological benefits, it is encouraged to commercialize urban agriculture by using vacant land.
Analisis Rantai Nilai Komoditas Cabai Rawit di Kecamatan Bulawa Kabupaten Bone Bolango
Authors: Isini Sri Fatmawati , Indriani Ria , Adam Echan
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze the value chain of cayenne pepper in Bulawa District and analyze the added value of marketing among value chain actors in Bulawa District, Bone Bolango Regency. The research method used to determine the sample of farmers is using the purposive sampling method while for the sample of traders using the snowball sampling method. . Respondents in this study were cayenne pepper farmers from selected villages in Bulawa District, namely 18 farmers in Mamungaa Village and 20 farmers in East Mamungaa Village. As for the respondents, there are 8 traders consisting of 1 wholesaler, 2 collectors, and 5 retailers. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using value chain analysis based on Porter's theory and value added marketing analysis. The results show that there are 6 stages of the value chain, starting from purchasing inputs for production facilities, cultivation, harvesting, processing and distribution to consumers. At the cayenne pepper value chain stage in Bulawa District, 4 main actors are involved, namely farmers, wholesalers, collectors and retailers. The value chain of cayenne pepper in Bulawa District is divided into two activities, namely main activities and supporting activities. In the main activity, farmers and traders have a good cooperative relationship and are not dependent even though they are not well organized in terms of price and also cayenne pepper production. In supporting activities, each chain actor has not developed and innovated technology to support the business. The cayenne pepper value chain flow is efficient, but the activities carried out are still simple. The marketing value added and the largest value added ratio are obtained by central market retailers because central market retailers take a larger marketing margin than other traders by minimizing the marketing costs incurred.
Income and Factors Affecting Productivity of Durian Farmers
Authors: Parniati  , Managanta Andri Amaliel , Tambingsila Meitry
Published: January 2023

Durian produces high production and quality results if an area farming well and maximizes production inputs. Durian has a considerable advantage because durian fruit has a high economic value. The study was conducted to determine the income of durian farmers and the factors that influence the productivity of durian farmers in Beraban Village. This research was conducted from April to June 2020 in Beraban Village Balinggi District Parigi Moutong Regency. The population in this study were farmers in Beraban Village who carried out durian farming, as many as 37 people. Data were taken through interviews with all farmers who were respondents. Based on the results of this study, the income of durian farmers in Beraban Village is IDR 1.743.197 per month, with an R/C ratio value of 3.52 which means that durian farming is feasible to cultivate. The factors that influence the productivity of durian farmers, namely age, formal education, and the use of appropriate phonska fertilizers, can increase the productivity of durian farmers in Beraban Village.
Anayasa Mahkemesi nin Hüseyin El ve Nazlı Şirin El Kararı Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Hendek Abdurrahman
Published: January 2023

Bu makalede Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin 2022 yılında karara bağladığı Hüseyin El ve Nazlı Şirin El davası incelenmektedir. Makalede ilk olarak, öne çıkan yönleriyle dava özetlenmiştir. Sonrasında dava, takip edilen içtihat, zorunlu din eğitimi, güncel öğretim programları, ihlal sebepleri, kullanılan terminoloji ve muafiyet hakkı bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Zorunlu Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi (DKAB) dersi hakkında olan davanın, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi’nin (AİHM) 2007 yılında ortaya koyduğu temel yaklaşıma göre incelendiği anlaşılmaktadır. Nazlı Şirin El’in 2018 yılında üniversiteye başlaması sebebiyle güncel öğretim programlarının incelenmediği davada önceki programların da detaylı bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulduğunu söylemek zor gözükmektedir. Bu sebeple davanın DKAB öğretim programı geliştirme sürecine katkısı sınırlı olacaktır. Davanın dikkat çeken unsurlarından biri, mevcut muafiyet hakkına eleştirel değerlendirmeler getirmesidir. Davanın zorunlu din dersi bakımından aynı mağduriyeti yaşadığını düşünen kişiler için emsal teşkil edeceği ve bu nedenle Anayasa Mahkemesi’ne başvuru sayısında artış olacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Bu sebeple, ihlal kararına katılmayan hakimlerin de belirttiği üzere bundan sonraki davalarda uzman görüşüne başvurulması için bir uzman kurulu oluşturulabilir. Böyle bir heyetin oluşumunda farklı disiplinlerden uzmanların yanında farklı din ve inanç temsilcilerinin de yer almasının DKAB dersinin Anayasa’da vurgulanan “din kültürü ve ahlak öğretimi” haline gelmesi sürecine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din Eğitimi, Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi, Zorunlu, Anayasa Mahkemesi, Hüseyin El ve Nazlı Şirin El Davası
Dini Yüksek Öğretimde Din Eğitimi Dersinde Kullanılan Ders Kitapları Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Kaya Umut , Gürel Ramazan
Published: January 2023

Öz
Ders kitapları, eğitim öğretim sürecinde gerek öğretmenler gerekse öğrenciler açısından en önemli öğretim materyalleri arasındadır. Bu araştırmanın konusu, ilahiyat ve İslami İlimler fakültelerinde lisans düzeyde verilen din eğitimi dersinde kullanılan ders kitaplarının incelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda, 4’ü müstakil olarak kaleme alınmış; 5’i ise farklı akademisyenlerin bölüm yazarı olarak katkı sunduğu editörlü kitap çalışması olmak üzere toplam 9 kitap incelenmiştir. Yöntem olarak doküman analizi yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada incelemeye konu teşkil edecek kitaplar, din eğitimi alanında ders veren akademisyenlerle yüz yüze yapılan görüşmeler ve din eğitimi akademisyenlerine yönelik googleform’lar üzerinden yapılan kısa anket çalışmasından elde edilen verilerle belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada tematik analizi gerektiren bir süreç esas alınmıştır. Bu doğrultuda belirlenen kitaplar ilk olarak gözden geçirilmiş (yüzeysel inceleme), sonrasında okunmuş (ayrıntılı inceleme) ve nihayetinde elde edilen verilerle ilgili yorumlar yapılmıştır. Kitaplar incelenirken esas alınan temalar ise, ders kitaplarını değerlendirilmesinde Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu tarafından tespit edilen kriterler dikkate alınarak belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda söz konusu kitaplar, içerik (ele alınan konular, metin içinde soru ve anekdotlara yer verilme durumu, okuyucunun hedeften haberdar edilmesi, okuma parçası ve etkinliklere yer verilmesi, hazırlık ve değerlendirme sorularına yer verilmesi, kaynakçada geleneksel eserlere yer verilmesi), dil özellikleri ve imla kuralları ile görsel düzen açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonunda din eğitimi ders kitaplarının din eğitiminin bilimselleşmesine katkıda bulunduğu, öğrenci ve akademisyenlere sahayla ilgili derli toplu bir öğretim materyali sunduğu, içerik, dil-anlatım ve biçim özellikleri açısından genel olarak başarılı çalışmalar olduğu sonuçlarına varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din Eğitimi • Din Eğitimi Bilim Dalı • Din Eğitimi Dersi • Ders Kitabı • Öğretim Materyali.
Catalogue of type specimens of braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
Authors: Hovorka Tomáš , Macek Jan
Published: January 2023

Type specimens from the collection of Hymenoptera deposited in the Department of Entomology, National Museum, Prague are currently being catalogued. In this part of the catalogue dealing with the family Braconidae, we present precise information about 27 taxa belonging to the subfamilies Brachistinae (1 species), Cheloninae (1 species), Doryctinae (1 species), Euphorinae (2 species), Gnamptodontinae (1 species), Lysiterminae (1 species), Microgastrinae (2 species), Opiinae (15 species) and Orgilinae (3 species), including holotypes of 20 species. Current status, distribution, and photos are given for each taxon. Additionally, one missing type and one historically important specimen are mentioned in the catalogue with detailed information about them.
Penerapan Kurikulum 2013 dalam Proses Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial di Kelas IV SDN Sanolo
Authors: Syahbuddin
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan kurikulum 2013 dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan maupun penilaian dalam pembelajaran mata pelajaran IPS di Kelas IV SDN Sanolo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi: teknik, sumber dan teori. Teknik analisa data menggunakan tiga teknik: reduksi data, sajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi kurikulum 2013 dalam perencanaan pembelajaran mata pelajaran IPS di Kelas IV SDN Sanolo dimana guru mengembangkan silabus dan RPP. Penerapan kurikulum 2013 dalam proses pembelajaran ilmu pengetahuan sosial di kelas IV SDN Sanolo dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan Saintifik. Metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan antara lain Discovery Learning, Diskusi, Project Based Learning, Problem Based Learning. Media pembelajaran yang dimanfaatkan seperti gambar dengan pertiumbangan mudah diperoleh dan digunakan serta murah. Penilaian mencakup dua aspek yaitu penilaian proses dan hasil belajar. Penilaian proses menggunakan teknik observasi sedangkan penilaian hasil belajar mencakup tiga ranah yaitu sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan secara utuh sehingga guru melakukan penilaian setiap hari pada saat melaksanakan proses pembelajaran.
Decision Tree Dalam Analisis Keputusan Pembelian Program Pada Perkumpulan Penggiat Programmer Indonesia
Authors: Artanto Fenilinas Adi , Rosyadi Imam , Rahmawati Siti Elisa , Pangestu Haifan Tri Buwono Joyo
Published: January 2023

Perkumpulan Penggiat Programmer Indonesia adalah sebuah perkumpulan programmer yang menjadi wadah bagi programmer untuk menjual program yang mereka buat atau menjadi tempat dalam penjualan jasa pembuatan sebuah program. Tentunya dalam membeli sebuah program pasti akan ada beberapa alasan yang akan membuat pembeli tertarik dan akhirnya membeli produk pemrogramman. daar ataupun faktor dalam membeli sebuah program bisa digunakan sebagai salah satu acuan dalam pengembangan sebuah produk pemrogramman yang nantinya kan menarik untuk untuk dibeli oleh konsumen. analisa faktor-faktor pendukung keputusan dalam membeli program menjadi dasar pengembangan. dilakukan. Digunakanya metode data mining dalam menganalisis faktor-faktor keputusan pembelian konsumen.  algoritma yang digunakan adalah decision tree dikarenakan algoritma tersebut memiliki keunggulan dalam kemudahan dalam membaca hasil analisis karena tersaji dalam bentuk pohon keputusan. dari algortima decision tree didapatkan bahwa kecepatan pengerjaan dan kemudahan dalam mengunakan produk menjadi alasan konsumen untuk membeli produk di Persatuan Penggiat Programmer Indonesia dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 83,33%. nantinya para programmer di Perkumpulan Pengiat Programmer Indonesia bisa meningkatkan pembelian produk dengan meningkatkan kecepatan dalam menyelesaikan produk dan kemudahan dalam penggunaan produk pemrogramman.
The Phenomenon of Flow and Heat Transfer in Annular Heat Exchanger on Plain Tube Condition
Authors: Mustaza Ma’a  , Indro Pranoto  , Samsul Kamal
Published: January 2023

Advanced industrial development in technology necessitates using equipment that can effectively and efficiently transfer heat energy. A heat exchanger is the most common device used in industry to transfer heat energy. The Annular Heat Exchanger is one of the heat exchangers used in industry that is simple to manufacture and inexpensive to finance. The annular heat exchanger is commonly found in the food, beverage, chemical process, pharmaceutical, and refrigeration technology industries. This type of heat exchanger is used due to its simple design, easy to manufacture, and low cost. The presence of a heater in a concentric pipe with a straight construction is the general form. Experimentation was carried out in this study. A heater is used to transfer the heat, and there is a cold fluid flow through the annulus. The heater is linked to an AC Voltage Regulator and has five heat settings ranging from 400 W to 600 W. Simultaneously, cold fluid flows in the annulus via a closed system with six flow variations ranging from 2.5 GPM to 5 GPM. A cooling system is used to keep cold fluids at a constant temperature. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the flow and heat transfer phenomena in an annular heat exchanger. This study obtained the average heat transfer convection coefficient, h, and Nusselt number, Nu. The steady-state conditions for the heat variations of 400 W, 500 W, and 600 W are 2400 s, 3600 s, and 5400 s, respectively. The flow calibration results in this apparatus experiment have an error of 0.05%. At a heat variation of 500 W and Reynolds number 10669, the highest average heat transfer convection coefficient (h) reaches 6703 W/m2K, and the average Nusselt number (Nu) of 314 is obtained. The Reynolds number of critical transition points for heat variations of 400 W, 450 W, 500 W, 550 W, and 600 W are 6986, 7125, 8444, 8616, and 10009, respectively.
Experimental Study on Effect of Nano ZnO on the Cooling Performance of Motorcycle Radiator
Authors: Ekadewi Anggraini Handoyo  , Christian Ivan Soeyanto  , Sutrisno
Published: January 2023

An internal combustion engine requires a proper cooling system to release heat from the engine. The working fluid or coolant in a water-cooled engine impacts the overall radiator cooling performance. Several studies show that nanopowder can increase the thermal performance of the base fluids, although the pressure drops increase significantly. This paper describes the experimental study of motorcycle radiator cooling performance using nanopowder ZnO with distilled water and commercial coolant as the base fluids. The study began by measuring the boiling point and the specific heat of the base fluid (distilled water and commercial coolant) and nanofluids. Then, the flow rate of the cooling fluid was measured as the function of the engine’s rotation speed. The results show that the boiling point of all nanofluids increases with the highest boiling point achieved by 0.5% ZnO – coolant, i.e., 110.06°C. Thus, the nanopowder will keep the cooling fluid in the liquid phase and lower the fluid's specific heat. The fluid with the lowest specific heat is nanofluid 0.5% ZnO – coolant. Low specific heat relates to the higher temperature drops. Nanofluid 0.5% ZnO – coolant has the highest temperature drop. Unfortunately, nanopowder also increases pressure drop by approximately twice the base fluid. Nanofluid 0.5% ZnO – coolant gives the highest overall heat transfer coefficient than other nanofluids or the base fluid, i.e., 42.7 W/m2.°C when its flow rate is 44.2 ml/s.
Evaluation of Air Conditioner Performance using Different Methods of Temperature Measurement
Authors: Andriyanto Setyawan  , Apip Badarudin  , Muhammad Arman  , Susilawati
Published: January 2023

Performance evaluation of an air conditioner using R410a has been evaluated by field measurement of pressure and temperature at suction and discharge line. Two methods were used for temperature measurement. First, the sensors were mounted on the outer wall of pipe and second, the sensors were inserted into the refrigerant flow in the pipe. Using the second method, the suction temperature is averagely 5.0°C lower and the discharge temperature is 17.8°C higher than that of the first method. The coefficient of performance and power consumption resulted from the second method is in a good agreement with that of standardized test according to ISO 5151:2017. This indicates that the temperature sensor insertion to the refrigerant flow gives the better accuracy in the evaluation of performance of an air conditioner.
Heat Generation Inside Turbocharger Without External Heat Source
Authors: Mohd. Herzwan Hamzah  , Azri Alias
Published: January 2023

Recently, many vehicle manufacturers started to invest in new technology to reduce the emission produced by their engines. Due to the emission regulations that become more stringent and the rising demand for highly efficient vehicles, many new technologies were introduced to achieve the demand. One of the technologies that gain popularity in modern vehicles is applying force induction systems such as turbocharging and supercharging the engine. By using the turbocharger, two major advantages can be achieved which are increasing engine efficiency and engine size reduction. However, turbocharger performance will be affected by the amount of heat that is generated due to friction inside the bearing, air compression process and also the heat transfer from the exhaust gas that has high temperature and pressure. In this paper, the heat generation inside the turbocharger unit without any external heat source was measured and analysed. A turbocharger unit from Garrett Turbocharger where the model is GT2056 was used for this experiment. The operating speed in the study is recorded between 20 000 rpm until 70 000 rpm and the temperature at the turbine inlet and compressor inlet is at room temperature. The parameters that were measured are the temperature difference at the turbine side, bearing housing and also compressor side. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the bearing housing produces a higher amount of heat compared to the compressor side while the turbine side will experience heat loss.
C5 Activation by Enzymes of the Alternative Pathway of the Complement System. The Reaction of a C3 Cleaving Cobra Factor-B-Enzyme (VF-B̄) with Guinea Pig C5
Authors: Bitter-Suermann D. , Jaeth H. , Brade V. , Kossorotow A. , Hadding U.
Published: January 2023

The Cobra venom factor (VF) is able to form a complex with Factor B of the alternative pathway of the complement system, which then in the presence of Factor D or trypsin is activated to the C3 cleaving enzyme VF-B̄. C3 activation caused by the enzyme in serum is accompanied by an activation of the components C5 to C9. The reaction mechanism which controls the activation of C5 has been unclear until now. We have generated the VF-B̄ enzyme in three different ways; I, with VF in serum followed by purification of the enzyme; II, with VF, B and D and subsequent Sephadex G-200 gelfiltration; and III, with VF, B and trypsin and subsequent Sephadex G-200 gelfiltration.

The activity of these three enzymes was tested against purified guinea pig C3, C5, and a mixture of C3 and C5. The following observations were made: All three enzymes induce fast C3 activation with accumulation of C3b and C3a; C3b is detected afterward on the enzymes antigenically, on enzyme I immediately after the generation and purification procedure.
Human C3b Inactivator (C3b INA): A New Purification Method, and Studies with the Highly Purified Protein
Authors: Schultz D. R. , Arnold P. I.
Published: January 2023

C3b INA was purified from normal human serum by a five-step method at 4°C. The method separates C3b INA from C2, C6, C7, C8, IgG, IgA, hemopexin, and transferrin, some of which have presented problems in other reported procedures. Activity was tested with EAC43 by the immune-adherence inhibition assay. Step 1: C1 was precipitated at low ionic strength, pH 7.5 Step 2: The supernatant was applied to a DEAE-cellulose column (buffer; 5 mM sodium phosphate, 70 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, pH 7.5). All of the C3b INA was found in an effluent protein peak. Step 3: Fifteen per cent polyethylene glycol “6000” and 10 mM EDTA (protein adjusted to 3 mg/ml) precipitated most of the C8, IgG, and IgA, whereas most of the transferrin, hemopexin, C2, and C3b INA were in the supernatant. Step 4: Hydroxylapatite chromatography (buffer; 50 mM Na, K phosphate, pH 6.9). A linear gradient of starting buffer and 300 mM K phosphate caused the elution of C3b INA at a conductance of 10 mmhos/cm, whereas C2 eluted later.
Requirement for Direct Cellular Contact for Immunosuppression by a Murine Virus-Induced Lymphoma (FBL-3)
Authors: Cimprich Roberta S. , Specter Steven , Friedman Herman
Published: January 2023

FBL-3 lymphoma cells, originating in Friend leukemia virus recipient C57BL/6 mice injected at birth with the leukemia virus, induce a transient solid tumor when injected subcutaneously into syngeneic mice or a rapidly progressing tumor when injected i.p. Spleen cells from mice bearing the tumor show an impaired immune response to sheep erythrocytes. Incubation of spleen cells from normal syngeneic mice with FBL-3 cells markedly reduced the expected antibody response to sheep red cells in a dose-related manner. Addition of tumor cells to normal spleen cells as late as 72 hr after culture initiation still inhibited antibody formation. In contrast, cell-free homogenates derived from these tumor cells did not cause significant depression of antibody formation, as occurred with the inducing leukemia virus per se. Separation of FBL-3 cells from target splenocytes by cell-impermeable membranes prevented immunosuppression. Irradiation of the tumor cells or heating at 56°C or more inhibited the immunosuppressive activity of the tumor cells. Thus, immunosuppression induced in vitro by FBL-3 cells is not a function of a nutritional deficiency induced by the tumor cells in vitro or by a soluble factor secreted by viable tumor cells; contact with functional FBL-3 cells is necessary for impairment of the normal immune function of splenocytes co-cultured with the tumor cells.
Complement Activation by Liposome-CRP Complexes: Influence of Membrane Composition
Authors: Alving Carl R. , Richards Roberta L. , Siegel Joan , Gewurz Henry
Published: January 2023

Previous work has shown that under some conditions C-reactive protein (CRP) can interact with the phosphocholine components of phospholipids, and this results in complement (C) activation. Liposomes consisting of phospholipid, cholesterol (Chol), and either containing or lacking a charged lipid or galactosyl ceramide (Gal Cer), were assayed both for reactivity with CRP, and for C consumption and C-dependent membrane damage.

Adsorption studies showed that CRP bound equally well to positively charged liposomes regardless of the phosphatidylcholine (PC) fatty acyl chain length (dimyristoyl vs distearoyl PC) or of the presence of Gal Cer. Negatively charged liposomes also bound CRP, but to a lesser extent.

Despite the above binding studies, C-dependent membrane damage (resulting in glucose release) mediated by CRP was strongly dependent on charge, phospholipid fatty acyl chain length, Chol concentration, and Gal Cer. C damage resulting in glucose release occurred with liposomes containing a strong positive charge, but not with weakly positive, neutral, or negatively charged liposomes.
Complement Dependent and Independent Release Reaction and Changes in Ultrastructure of Blood Cells Incubated with Radiographic Contrast Media
Authors: Arroyave C. M. , Ring J. , Fritzler M. J. , Tan E. M.
Published: January 2023

Peripheral leukocytes and platelets from 20 healthy volunteers were incubated in vitro with radiographic contrast media (diatrizoate—Hypaque, iothalamate—Conray an iodipamide—Cholografin) under varying conditions. All radiograpic contrast media (RCM) were able to induce histamine release from peripheral leucocytes and the release reaction was dose dependent. The addition of normal human serum (NHS) to the reaction mixture led to a further increase in histamine release (p <0.01) probably due to complement activation. The mechanism seems to be mediated by proteins of the alternative pathway because serum depleted of complement components (factor B, factor D, properdin) did not show this synergistic effect. IgG-depleted serum, however, was able to show the augmented release reactions.

Washed platelets incubated with RCM released serotonin in a dose and time dependent reaction. The addition of plasma proteins to the reaction mixture inhibited the serotonin release quantitatively. There was no difference between autologous and heterologous plasma or serum in the inhibitory potency; sera depleted of various complement showed similar effects as NHS.
Purification and Metabolism of C1 Inhibitor and its Phenotypic Variants
Authors: Gadek J. E. , Hosea S. W. , Frank M. M.
Published: January 2023

Previous methods for purification of C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) have often resulted in a significant loss of the protein's inhibitory capacity. We have employed procedures which permit recovery of this alpha-globulin with an activity equal to that present in normal serum on a per weight basis. Pooled normal human plasma is precipitated with polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) in the presence of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA). The 20 to 40% precipitate contains all the C1 inhibitor antigen. This precipitation results in the exclusion of C1 esterase and plasminogen and represents a 4-fold increase in the concentration of C1 inhibitor relative to plasma. The C1 inhibitor is chromatographed in DEAE cellulose permitting separation from α1 antitrypsin and the majority of albumin. The C1 inhibitor fractions are pooled and run sequentially on Sephacryl-200 and hydroxyapatite columns. The C1 inhibitor obtained after HT chromatography is devoid of contaminating proteins when subjected to disc gel electrophoresis in S.D.S.
Inhibition of Nephritic Factor-Dependent C3 Convertase: Isolation of a Natural Inhibitor of C3 Conversion from the Serum of a Patient with Nephritic Factor and Nephritis
Authors: Lise Halbwachs , Jacques Leibowitch , Hamburger J.
Published: January 2023

One patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN Type II), known to have nephritic factor (NF), was incidently found to have no C3 convertase activity in his serum. The negative serum, in fact, yielded high amounts of Mg++ dependent C3 convertase activity after fractionation. The inhibitory factor(s) (INH) was found to be a dialyzable, heat-stable substance filtering through a Sephadex G-50 with an apparent molecular weight of 4000 daltons.

In the presence of INH, Inulin (12 mg/ml), semi-purified P̄ (DEAE and SPC 25 Sephadex preparation) and NF (DEAE, SPC 25 and Sephadex G-200 preparation) from different sources are incapable of converting C3. CoVF-induced C3 conversion is inhibited only with low concentration of the activator (less than 10 µg/ml). ZX (zymozan incubated with C2-deficient serum for 5 minutes at 18°C and washed) which converts 8 µg purified C3-EDTA in 10 minutes at 27°C, is totally inactive when INH is added during the formation of the insoluble C3 convertase.