bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Eddy Current Response Due to the Applied Stress on a Steel Plate Using Phase Diagram
Authors: Bajracharya Sanjeema , Sasaki Eiichi
Published: October 2020

Structural health monitoring of steel structures is crucial for inspection of corrosion and cracking in structural members, compromising their safety and serviceability. In the present study, the prospective of evaluation of change in stress state of structural member due to corrosion and cracking through eddy current based stress measurement is investigated. For this, three-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out in the FE software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2a for a steel plate subjected to change in relative permeability, representative of change in stress state, whereby the eddy current indices are characterized, including the effects of additional influential parameters namely, lift-off, excitation frequency, and probe size. Phase Diagram is then proposed as a concise method to evaluate the variation of relative permeability and lift-off concurrently in a single graph for an excitation frequency and probe size. It further facilitates the selection of suitable excitation frequency and probe size to conduct the eddy current based stress measurement.
Modeling of Non-Linear and Hysteretic Magnetization Effects in Transient Potential Drop Measurements
Authors: Persvik Øyvind , Zhang Zhiliang
Published: October 2020

We have compared transient potential drop measurements on ferromagnetic steel rods with finite difference simulation assuming that the magnetization varies as a quadratic function of the applied field. Good agreement between simulation and experimental measurement is achieved and the results are discussed in terms of the Rayleigh law of magnetization.
Validation of the Reduced Vector Potential Formulation with the DtN Boundary Condition
Authors: Efremov Anton , Udpa Lalita , Tamburrino Antonello
Published: October 2020

This work describes the validation against experimental data of a Reduced Vector Potential Formulation combined with a boundary condition given by the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. One of the classic nondestructive testing problems is investigated: the differential bobbin coil scan inside a tube with a defect. Several defects are simulated, and the results are compared to the experimental data acquired at four frequencies.
Corrosion Evaluation of Steel Rebar Using Electromagnetic Induction Method
Authors: He Dongfeng
Published: October 2020

Corrosion of steel reinforcing bar (rebar) reduces the strength capacity of concrete, and also causes the crack of concrete due the volume increase of the corrosion products. Detection of corrosion at its early stage is important for the safety evaluation and repairment of the concrete structures. An electromagnetic induction method was developed to evaluate the corrosion of steel rebar. By measuring the electromagnetic response of steel rebar, it was possible to judge the corrosion of steel rebar in concrete. A small compact system, suitable for field experiments was also developed.
Evaluation of Fatigue Damage in 304 Stainless Steel by Measuring Residual Magnetic Field
Authors: Liu Yi , Lan Xiwang , Hu Bo
Published: October 2020

To demonstrate the feasibility of the passive magnetic NDT method for damage assessment of 304 austenitic stainless steel, the residual magnetic field change of the 304 stainless steel specimens under fatigue loads was investigated. The measurement was carried out using a fluxgate sensor and the magnetic characteristics were extracted for analysis of fatigue state. Then, the XRD test was carried out to investigate the mechanism of magnetic field changes and verify the reliability of the proposed method. The results show that the variation of the maximum gradient is consistent with the process of fatigue crack growth, which indicates that the fatigue damage can be estimated by residual magnetic field measuring. In future stage, how to distinguish the magnetic field changes derived from martensite transformation or stress magnetization effect will be investigated.
A Signal Processing Method for Steel Plate Thickness Measurement Using EMATs
Authors: Jiang Chao , Liu Wencai , Liu Youwei , Wu Xinjun
Published: October 2020

The time-of-flight (TOF) of the electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) echo signal can be used to measure the steel plate thickness. There are two ways to obtain the TOF, which are measure the peak to peak time in the time domain and calculate the echo frequency in the frequency domain. In this paper, a simplified signal model is proposed based on the analysis of received signals. Further, the relationship between the echo signal and excitation signal is considered. The echo signal is separated when the asynchronous demodulation method is applied to the received signal, and the thickness of steel plate can be calculated according to the peak spectral frequency in the low frequency band. The simplified model and signal processing method are verified by the experiment, and the results show that the model is reasonable and the accuracy of the signal processing method is high.
Multi-Channel IoT-Based Ensemble-Features Fault Diagnosis for Machine Condition Monitoring
Authors: Gao Shang , Du Cuicui
Published: October 2020

This paper proposes a multi-channel internet of things (IoT)-based industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) with ensemble-features fault diagnosis for machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. In this paper, the rolling bearing is taken as an example of monitored industrial equipment due to its wide use in industrial processes. The rolling bearing vibration signals are measured for further processing and analysis. On-sensor node ensemble feature extraction and fault diagnosis using Back Propagation network are then investigated to address the tension between the higher system requirements of IWSNs and the resource-constrained characteristics of sensor nodes. A two-step classifier fusion approach using Dempster-Shafer theory is also explored to increase diagnosis result quality. Four rolling bearing operating in cage fracture, rolling ball spalling, inner ring spalling and outer ring spalling are monitored to evaluate the proposed system. The final fault diagnosis results using the proposed classifier fusion approach give a result certainty of at least 94.21%, proving the feasibility of the proposed method to identify the bearing-fault patterns. This paper is conducted to provide new insights into how a high-accuracy IoT-based ensemble-features fault diagnosis algorithm is designed and further giving advisable reference to more IWSNs scenarios.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Pelanggaran HAM berat ( Tinjauan Hukum Nasional dan Hukum Internasional)
Authors: Audina Nurma Audina
Published: October 2020

Abstrak

            Setiap kejahatan yang terjadi pasti akan menimbulkan kerugian terutama bagi pihak korban. Korban kejahatan khususnya korban pelanggaran HAM berat harus menanggung kerugian karena kejahatan yang diterimanya baik itu secara materiil maupun non materiil. Namun dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana banyak dari korban yang kurang mendapatkan perlindungan hukum yang memadai. Salah satu bentuk perlindungan terhadap korban kejahatan pelanggaran HAM dan merupakan hak dari seorang korban tindak pidana adalah untuk mendapatkan kompensasi, restitusi dan rehabilitasi baik itu dari ranah hukum nasional maupun internasional. Beberapa peraturan di Indonesia yang mengatur mengenai pemberian kompensasi, restitusi dan rehabilitasi, misalnya KUHAP, Undang-undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan HAM, Undang-undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 3 Tahun 2002 tentang Kompensasi, Restitusi dan Rehabilitasi Terhadap Korban Pelanggaran HAM Berat. Adapun dalam hukum internasional terdapat beberapa instrument internasional yaitu Statuta Roma 1998, Kovenan Hak Sipil dan Politik Pasal 9 (5), Piagam Afrika mengenai Hak Asasi Manusia dan Rakyat Pasal 21 (2). Adapun yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah apa persamaan dan perbedaan konsep perlindungan hukum terhadap korban pelanggaran HAM berat dalam hukum nasional dan internasional serta apakah mekanisme perlindungan yang dilakukan telah sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku.

            Menjawab rumusan permasalahan tersebut, digunakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan berdasarkan studi kepustakaan dan pendekatan yuridis-normatif. Setelah data dari kepustakaan terkumpul, maka dilanjutkan analisis dan komparasi dengan menggunakan teori Maqāṣid asy-syarīah untuk menjawab rumusan masalah tersebut.

            Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa pengaturan mengenai bentuk perlindungan hukum nasional bagi korban pelanggaran HAM berat terkait kompensasi, restitusi dan rehabilitasi belum dapat dijalankan karena mekanisme pengaturannya belum diatur secara rinci dan belum memenuhi standar internasional yang sesuai dengan pengaturan mengenai mekanisme pemberian perlindungan bagi korban dalam Statuta Roma, yanag dapat menjamin korban dalam mendapatkan penggantian kerugian secara materiil dan non materiil. Namun peraturan yang ada tentang perlindungan korban pelanggaran HAM berat baik dalam hukum nasional maupun internasional apabila dihubungkan dengan teori Maqāṣid asy-syarīah sebenarnya telah mencakup secara substansi yang berkaitan dengan Ḥifẓ An-nafs, Ḥifẓ Al-māl dan Ḥifẓ Al-‘aql.

Kata kunci: Perlindungan korban, Pelanggaran HAM Berat, Hukum Nasional, Hukum Internasional, Maqāṣid asy-syarīah.
Eksistensi Qanun Nomor 9 Tahun 2008 Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Penganiayan Ringan Di Kota Langsa
Authors: Ramadhani Wahyu
Published: October 2020

The existence of the village as an MHA (customary villagers), is in accordance with Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution. The problem is, what are the traditional rights of indigenous peoples in the empirical level of customary law, effectiveness of conduct, Qanun Number 9 of 2008 in the process of applying and implementing qanun No. 9 of 2008 in the Langsa City District area, in resolving adat cases was clearly deemed ineffective. Where in its application Qanun No. 9 of 2008 has not provided the maximum contribution in solving various problems in the Langsa City community, especially with regard to adat criminal cases. There are a number of customary criminal cases that have been resolved but have not yet given maximum contribution to the settlement. The discussion method that I will use in this study is a qualitative method. Qualitative Method is the study of various studies and collections of various types of empirical material, such as case studies, personal experiences, introspective recognition, life stories, interviews, artifacts, various texts and cultural productions, observations, history, interactional, and various visual texts. Various empirical study materials are presented in the details of the problem at various moments and various meanings and various individual lives of descriptive analysis methods. The results of the study found that, First: The pattern of the application of the fostering of customary life and customs in resolving customary criminal cases in the District of Kota Sigli has not necessarily guided by the Qanun, so it has not yet made a maximum contribution. Second: The effectiveness of the effectiveness of Qanun Number 9 Year 2008 in resolving customary criminal cases in Langsa City District can be seen from the size of the process and the verdict is not effective. In conclusion, the customary court in resolving a case must always be guided by Qanun Number 9 of 2008 in order to obtain a legal provision so as to make the community live in comfort.
سياسة معاقبة مرتكبي جرائم الفساد بإندونيسيا في ضوء الجنائي الإسلامي
Authors: Mufid Abdul Mufid
Published: October 2020

Kejahatan korupsi di Indonesia telah mendatangkan malapetaka bagi kelangsungan hidup berbangsa dan bernegara. Tidak hanya merugikan dana negara, korupsi juga merampas hak-hak sosial dan ekonomi yang lebih luas. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mencegah dan seringkali memberantas praktik korupsi. Baik dengan menyusun peraturan perundang-undangan, maupun membentuk kepanitiaan untuk menangani korupsi. Namun korupsi tidak pernah mau meninggalkan bangsa Indonesia. Kebijakan pidana mati bagi pelaku korupsi diatur dalam ketentuan ayat (2) Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 yang diundangkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Korupsi. Menurut hukum pidana Islam, korupsi termasuk dalam kategori discretionary crime. Jadi bukti dan keputusan hukum diserahkan kepada pemerintah. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi fenomena koruptor dengan hukuman mati bagi pelaku dari perspektif hukum pidana Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan analisisnya menggunakan pendekatan Maqasid al-Syariah. Masalah penelitian yang harus dijawab adalah bagaimana penerapan kebijakan pidana mati terhadap korupsi dari perspektif hukum pidana Islam? Bagaimana kebijakan hukuman mati bagi koruptor menurut UU Pemberantasan Korupsi? Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: Pertama, kebijakan pidana mati bagi pelaku tindak pidana korupsi diatur dalam Ayat 2 Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 dan  Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001, namun penerapan pasal tersebut hanya berlaku bagi pelaku tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan di Keadaan tertentu, “agar tidak semua pelaku korupsi bisa dihukum mati. Kedua, hukuman mati dapat diterapkan dalam perspektif hukum pidana Islam dalam tiga bentuk pidana, yaitu pidana retribusi, pidana hadd, dan pidana diskresioner. Korupsi termasuk dalam kategori discretionary crime. Suatu negara dapat menjatuhkan hukuman mati jika dianggap sebagai upaya efektif untuk menjaga ketertiban dan keuntungan public
Kejahatan Main Hakim Sendiri (Eigenrichting) Menurut Hukum Positif Dan Fiqh Jinayah
Authors: Efendi Sumardi
Published: October 2020

Eigenrichting itself is a crime that can cause harm to the offender as a result of his own actions, this action arises due to mistrust and distrust of law enforcement and the law itself is confronted by the public. On the other hand, as a result of these actions resulted in the emergence of victims, herein lies the problem to be investigated in this study of how eigenrichting acts which initially as a form of public response from crime turn themselves into criminals. This type of research is the Library Research, with the nature of analytic-comparative research with a juridical-normative approach. From the results of the study it was concluded that in positive law perpetrators of eigenrichting crimes can be charged under article 170 of the Criminal Code, regulating legal sanctions for perpetrators of violence against people or goods in public while in fiqh the jinayah is known as al-tawfuq where several people who commit a crime together without prior agreement because of the psychological influence and thoughts that come suddenly and the given uqubat will also be dropped according to their respective roles.
Memahami Hak Untuk Hidup Dalam Islam Berdasarkan Deklarasi Kairo
Authors: Widdia Putri Endrika
Published: October 2020

Memanusiakan manusia adalah bagian dari menghargai hak hidup diri sendiri. Sebab manusia satu dengan manusia yang lain tak ubahnya satu tubuh. Manusia tidak dapat disebut sebagai manusia jika tidak ada respect terhadap manusia lain. Dalam hal ini, hak untuk hidup menjadi hak yang paling utama dalam Islam. Hal ini salah satu diatur dalam Deklarasi Kairo (1990) yang landasannya adalah a-Qur’ān, yang terdapat dalam pasal 2 ayat 1–4 dan pada tulisan ini dianalisis ayat 1–2. Memahami hak untuk hidup dalam Deklarasi Kairo diharapkan mampu menghadirkan nilai dan makna dalam kehidupan setiap pribadi manusia bahwa hidup harus dipertahankan sekaligus dimuliakan. Pasal 2 ayat 1–2  menjelaskan bahwa membunuh satu jiwa manusia sama dengan membunuh seluruh jiwa manusia apalagi melakukan pembunuhan massal kepada manusia. Pelarangan pembunuhan ini bukan hanya dapat merusak tatanan masyarakat, ras, suku dan lain-lainnya. Melainkan juga merusak harga diri suatu bangsa dan bahkan seluruh manusia yang hidup di muka bumi. Adapun secara teologis, pelaku pembunuhan secara tidak langsung telah melakukan kejahatan terhadap Tuhan sebagai Pencipta manusia.
PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS, KUALITAS PELAYANAN, KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH TABUNGAN PADA PT. BANK ACEH SYARIAH KANTOR CABANG PEMBANTU DARUSSALAM
Authors: Yoni Nurma
Published: October 2020

The purpose of research is to know the influence of religiality, quality of service, quality of products to customer loyalty savings at PT. Bank Aceh Branch Helper Darussalam. Sample of this research as much as 100 customers using the formula Slovin with a sample technique is purposive sampling. The type of research used in this study is quantitative. The data used is the primary data obtained by using questionnaires. The results of this study showed that religiusity, quality of service, the product quality is the simultaneous effect on customer loyalty savings at PT. Bank Aceh Branch maid Darussalam. A partial factor of religiusity and quality of service, the culinary products to give positive and significant impact on customer loyalty at PT. Bank Aceh, but one of the variables (product culitas) has a level of Lower influence than the variable religiusisity and quality of service.
TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH TERHADAP BIAYA ADMINISTRASI DAN DENDA DI PEGADAIAN SYARIAH LHOKSEUMAWE (SHARIA ECONOMIC LAW REVIEW TOWARD ADMINISTRATION COSTS AND FINES IN SHARIA PAWNSHOP IN LHOKSEUMAWE)
Authors: Andri Yoes
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang biaya administrasi dan denda di pegadaian syariahLhokseumawe ditinjau dengan hukum ekonomi syariah dikarenakan timbulnya keraguan dikalangan masyarakat terkait penetapan biaya administrasi dan denda terhadap nasabah diPegadaian tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa alasan dan tujuan penetapanbiaya administrasi dan denda di Pegadaian Syariah Lhokseumawe adalah untuk kepentinganadministrasi dan sebagai motivasi kepada nasabah agar disiplin dalam menjalankankewajibannya. Berdasarkan analisis Hukum Ekonomi Syariah penetapan biaya administrasi dandenda di Pegadaian Syariah Lhokseumawe telah sesuai dengan Kompilasi Hukum EkonomiSyariah (KHES) BAB XIV tentang RAHN, Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No: 25/DSNMUI/III/2002 tentang RAHN dan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No: 17/DSNMUI/IX/2000 tentang sanksi atas nasabah mampu yang menunda-nunda pembayaran, hanyasaja pihak pegadaian harus lebih teliti dalam membedakan antara nasabah mampu dengan yangtidak mampu dalam penetapan biaya denda.
Direct Selling dalam Usaha Perasuransian Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: - Seri Utami Ningsih, SH.
Published: October 2020

Insurance companies such as PT. Life Insurance Central Asia Raya, PT. Prudential Life Insurance, PT. Generali Indonesia Life Insurance, PT. Tugu Mandiri Life Insurance, PT. MNC Life Insurance, PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Persero), and PT. Sequis Life Life Insurance has marketed one of its insurance products with a direct sales system or better known as direct selling. Direct selling does not include the marketing channels stipulated in the Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) No. 23 of 2015 concerning Insurance Products and Marketing of Insurance Products. Based on the POJK, direct selling practiced by insurance companies is illegal. Direct selling is developed by insurance agents by recruiting insurance agents in a row. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) confirms direct selling as the development of insurance marketing methods. Supervision is unmindful of the principle of legal certainty, professionalism, and openness. In sadd az}-z}ariah, negligent supervision of the OJK is an act that endangers health insurance. OJK must review the direct selling marketing developed by insurance agents further
Assesment Assessment of X-Ray converter for electron beam radiation processing facility
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Anh , Tao Chau Van
Published: October 2020

Recently, a high energy electron beam from accelerators studied on the application for foods and medical devices irradiation, therapy, denature material, discolored semi-precious stones and degradation of environment pollution (Gas, Water, and Sludge Waste). The advantages of electron beam from accelerators are high power density and easy focusing on the target, but electron beam is only useful to irradiate on the surface of the irradiation product because their penetration is short. In order to irradiate high area density products, the X-ray converter is used to generate photon (bremsstrahlung effect). In this article, converting efficiency and direction of X-ray emission is measured by film dosimeter and simulated by MCNP-4c2 code. Measurement and simulation results show that converting efficiency depends on materials of the targets and electron energy, the converting efficiency of Ti – H2O – Pb converter at electron beam energy 5.0 MeV, 7.5 MeV, and 10.0 MeV are 5.57 %, 7.12 %, and 13.54 %. Ti – H2O – Pb converter is made up of 3 layers of Ti wrap material with the function of bearing, heat resistance, circulating cooling water between Ti and Pb layers to cooling, so it is applied for the accelerator.
Some physiological and biochemical changes of micropropagated Rhynchostylis gigantea during ex vitro acclimatization and greenhouse stages
Authors: Bang Cao Phi
Published: October 2020

The ex vitro acclimatization and greenhouse periods play a significant role for the in vitro originated plantlets. In these stages, the micropropagated plantlets have to rapidly adapt to environmental changes. Rhynchostylis gigantea is widely in vitro produced due to highly aesthetic and economic value. The aim of this work was to update the physiological changes of micropropagated R. gigantea plantlets during ex vitro acclimatization and greenhouse stages. The analysis results showed that leaf water content was significantly decreased at day 14 (90.36%) and day 28 (90.17%) stages but increased at day 84 (92.52%) and day 140 (92.34%) stages in compared to in vitro stages, day 0 (92.7%). Dry matter content was changing in the opposite direction to the leaf water content with the highest values at day 14 (9.63%) and day 28 (9.83%), respectively. The leaf transpiration rate was the highest at day zero (0.146 g/dm2/h) in compared to all other studied points. Oppositively, GPX activity was the lowest in plantlets at day zero (13.2 UI/g fresh leaf ) and the highest in planlets at day 14 (36,4 UI/g fresh leaf ). The leaf proline content was higher at day 7 and day 14 stages (132.3 and 150.8 m g/g fresh leaf, respectively) but lower at day 84 and day 140 stages (44.3 and 53.3 microgram/g fresh leaf, respectively) than at day zero (73.7 microgram/g fresh leaf ).
Kinetic and analytical studies on pyrolysis of olive oil industry wastes
Authors: DUMAN TAC Gozde
Published: October 2020

The pyrolysis of olive pomace was carried out at two different heating rates at 500°C in the absence and presence of catalysts (commercial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), aluminosilicate zeolite (ZSM-5) and red mud) using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The products obtained from biomass components in different temperature ranges by sequential pyrolysis of olive pomace were investigated. In addition, the apparent activation energy of olive pomace was calculated by thermogravimetric analysis method and determined as 105.6 kJ mole-1 by Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method and 110.2 kJ mole-1 by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method. According to Py-GC/MS results, the main components in bio-oil consists of phenolic compounds. In sequential pyrolysis, while the highest organic acid was obtained at low temperatures, phenolic compounds were formed at high temperatures. While bio-oil obtained by fast pyrolysis has higher organic acid content than that of bio-oil obtained by slow pyrolysis, slow pyrolysis bio-oil contains more furan and aliphatic ketone, aldehyde and ester. Catalytic studies revealed that catalysts were more effective in the slow pyrolysis process, which allows prolonged catalyst-pyrolysis vapor contact.
The Rate and Pattern of Disclosing Medical Errors in Iranian Physicians and Healthcare Staff
Authors: Soroosh Davood , Abadi Alireza , Nematshahi Mohammad
Published: October 2020

Background: Ethics is of great significance in the medical community, i.e., because of the importance of this profession. How a physician manages a medical error, regardless of its cause, is among the major issues of medical ethics. Given the nature of the medical profession, medical malpractice may occur at any time during treatment. Medical malpractice is frequent in Iran and other countries. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted using a researcher-made checklist. The study participants attended legal medicine training and refresher courses in Mashhad and Sabzevar Cities, Iran, from June 2012 to June 2017.Results: During five years, 1537 cases were enrolled in the study. Most of the study participants were female (n=832, 52.89%), with a Mean±SD age of 32.3±3.4 years. All study participants, except for 25 (1.58%) subjects answered “I do not disclose the malpractice” to the question “would you disclose your medical malpractice with treatable harm to the patient, while he/she gets hurt by not revealing the malpractice?”; the rest [1463 (92.94%) individuals] answered “I disclose the malpractice, but I do not mention that the harm is due to malpractice, and 85 (5.40%) participants answered, “I disclose the malpractice to the patient and mention that the harm is due to malpractice and it could be cured.” Conclusion: The study findings suggested that the majority of study participants did not tend to disclose their malpractice to patients and their families.
Consumo de Alimentos Ultraprocessados por Mulheres Sobreviventes do Câncer de Mama
Authors: Do Nascimento Sales Julianne , Cunha Barbosa Manuella , Nogueira Bezerra Ilana , Moreira Lima Verde Sara Maria
Published: October 2020

Introdução: A elevada prevalência de câncer de mama no Brasil em paralelo ao aumento no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados sugere relação estreita entre esses fatores. Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em mulheres sobreviventes do câncer de mama. Método: Estudo transversal com 100 mulheres com câncer de mama acompanhadas em centro de tratamento oncológico. Utilizando um questionário de frequência alimentar, os itens alimentares consumidos foram agrupados em in natura, processados e ultraprocessados, conforme classificação NOVA. A contribuição energética de cada grupo de alimento deu-se pela razão entre caloria proveniente do grupo e caloria total. As pacientes foram categorizadas em elevado e baixo consumo de ultraprocessados e as diferenças entre os dois grupos (variáveis categóricas) foram testadas por X2 de Pearson. A relação entre a ingestão de calorias provenientes de ultraprocessados e a ingestão de energia e de nutrientes específicos foi baseada em modelos de regressão linear brutos e ajustados por idade, escolaridade e índice de massa corporal. Resultados: Das calorias ingeridas pelas pacientes, 27,1% eram de ultraprocessados. As com alto consumo de ultraprocessados tinham menor ingestão de proteínas (p=0,0372) e fibras (p=0,0458) e maior de gordura poli-insaturada (p=0,0019) e sódio (p=0,0068). O consumo de ultraprocessados implicou em menor ingestão de in natura e maior de sódio, gordura total e de suas frações (p<0,05). Conclusão: Mulheres sobreviventes do câncer de mama tem um terço da sua alimentação composto por ultraprocessados associados a redução no consumo de in natura, proteínas e fibras.
Correlação entre a Espessura do Músculo Adutor do Polegar e o Estado Nutricional
Authors: Weschenfelder Camila , Salgueiro Sabrina Côrrea
Published: October 2020

Introdução: A desnutrição e altamente prevalente na população oncológica e aumenta a morbidade e mortalidade nos estágios avançados da doença. A espessura do musculo adutor do polegar (EMAP) parece ser uma variável importante para avaliar o compartimento muscular. Objetivo: Estabelecer um ponto de corte da EMAP para desnutrição entre pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados. Método: Estudo transversal, entre 100 pacientes oncológicos internados em um hospital geral de Porto Alegre – RS, com idade ≥20 anos, admitidos nas enfermarias e avaliados nas primeiras 72 horas de admissão hospitalar. Foi realizada a avaliação subjetiva global (ASG), mensurados peso, altura, circunferência de braço (CB), prega cutânea tricipital (PCT), circunferência da panturrilha (CP) e a EMAP da mão dominante (EMAPD) e não dominante (EMAPND); calculada a circunferência muscular do braço (CMB) e o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Resultados: Conforme a ASG, 31% e 33% eram, respectivamente, moderadamente e gravemente desnutridos. Pacientes desnutridos apresentaram significativamente menores valores de IMC, CB, PCT, CMB, CP, EMAPD e EMAPND, bem como maior tempo de internação e óbito. O melhor ponto de corte da EMAPD para o desfecho desnutrição foi 13,2 mm (sensibilidade 65% e especificidade 75%) e, para EMAPND, foi 13,3 mm (sensibilidade de 65% e especificidade 77%). Conclusão: O melhor ponto de corte da EMAPD para o desfecho desnutrição, proposto neste estudo, foi 13,2 mm e, para EMAPND, foi 13,3 mm. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para confirmar estes achados.
Qualidade em Enfermagem Oncológica e Saúde em Defesa do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em Tempos de Pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: De Souza Ramos Raquel , De Almeida Tomaz Ana Paula Kelly , Rocha Bernardes Margarida Maria , Tosoli Gomes Antonio Marcos , Dos Santos Ronan , Coe Camargo da Silva Angela
Published: October 2020

Os profissionais de enfermagem representam o maior contingente de trabalhadores no campo da saúde. Segundo o Conselho Federal de Enfermagem, existem mais de dois milhões e 300 mil profissionais de enfermagem em atuação no país, portanto, são estes os trabalhadores que têm mais força para operacionalizar e defender esse sistema. Assim sendo, promover a qualidade em enfermagem significa blindar e fortalecer o SUS. De posse dessas reflexões, a Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem definiu a qualidade em enfermagem em defesa do SUS como temática da 81ª Semana Brasileira de Enfermagem com o objetivo de dialogar “com os desafios postos à Enfermagem por essa complexa crise sanitária em decorrência da pandemia global definida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde como emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional”. Seguindo essas diretrizes, o Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), em parceria interinstitucional, organizou um evento comemorativo a essa semana.
Cuidados Bucais em Pacientes Oncopediátricos durante a Pandemia de Covid-19: o Que Está Mudando?
Authors: De Araújo Ferreira Muniz Isis , Gomes dos Santos Fabio , Gondim Valença Ana Maria , Alves de Sousa Simone , Batista Medeiros-Serpa Eliane , Ferreti Bonan Paulo Rogério
Published: October 2020

During the last weeks, we are facing a global pandemic which affects the general population and health care system. Observing COVID-19 care, hospitals and health care services are focusing their attention on COVID-19 combat. Considering this emergency, structural and logistic impacts over health services are perceived evidently and conventional routines of multiprofessional teams are being dramatically changed.
Assistência Nutricional a Pacientes Ambulatoriais com Câncer durante a Pandemia de Covid-19 na Atenção Hospitalar Especializada
Authors: Villaça Chaves Gabriela , Villas-Boas de Andrade Patrícia , Farias Costa Amine
Published: October 2020

Introdução: A pandemia da doença pelo coronavírus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019 – Covid-19) é responsável por milhares de casos e mortes no Brasil e pacientes com câncer são mais vulneráveis à doença. A necessidade do isolamento social determinou a reestruturação de fluxos e rotinas no Hospital do Câncer II do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (HCII-INCA). Objetivo: Descrever a experiência do ambulatório de nutrição do HCII-INCA no atendimento remoto aos pacientes durante a pandemia. Método: Foram compiladas e discutidas as experiências das nutricionistas responsáveis pelos atendimentos ambulatoriais e da chefia da Seção de Nutrição e Dietética do HCII (SND-HCII) no período entre abril e junho de 2020. Resultados: Algumas medidas de adaptação da SND-HCII incluíram a restrição dos atendimentos presenciais e o início dos atendimentos remotos, via telefone; a suspensão das atividades de grupo; e a ampliação do intervalo para agendamento de retorno dos pacientes. Entre abril e junho de 2020, 192 pacientes foram atendidos no ambulatório de nutrição, uma queda de 56% em comparação com o primeiro trimestre de 2020. Apesar dessa queda no número de atendimentos, o índice de absenteísmo reduziu consideravelmente quando os dois trimestres são comparados. A redução desse índice foi considerada a principal vantagem do atendimento remoto, possibilitando a realização de um número maior de atendimentos, proporcionalmente aos horários disponíveis. Conclusão: O atendimento nutricional remoto aos pacientes ambulatoriais do HCII-INCA pode ser considerado para incorporação na rotina da Instituição.
Covid-19 em Crianças com Câncer
Authors: Chain Veronez Luciana , Lopes-Júnior Luís Carlos
Published: October 2020

A Covid-19 caracteriza-se como uma infecção aguda do trato respiratório com quadros clínicos que variam desde formas leves e/ou assintomáticas até formas graves. Embora sua taxa de letalidade seja baixa, cerca de 3,7% dos casos, alguns fatores estão associados com um risco aumentado para uma evolução mais grave da doença e morte, tais como idade avançada e presença de comorbidades, como é o caso de pacientes com câncer.
Malaria: Prevalence and related factors in children at Aba, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Onyearugha Chukwuemeka Ngozi , Okoronkwo Nneka Chioma , Onyemachi Prince Ezenwa
Published: October 2020

Background: Childhood malaria has remained a major public health burden. It severely affects children aged under-5 years, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Curbing the prevalence of malaria begins with determining the prevalence and related factors of the disease in the community. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and related factors of malaria in children at Aba, Southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 275 case files of children admitted with malaria in the Department of Paediatrics of the Abia State University Teaching Hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016, were analyzed. Results: During the study period, among the 440 overall admission, 275 children were diagnosed with malaria. The prevalence of malaria in our study was 62.5%. The male:female ratio was 1:1.2. We found, 234 (85.1%) children were <5 years of age, 23 (8.2%) belonged to the age group of 5–11 years, and 18 (6.7%) were aged between >11 and 16 years. The highest prevalence of malaria 40 (14.4%) occurred in September while the least 10 (3.6%) occurred in April. Around 247 (89.8%) patients were discharged home, 18 (6.5%) patients succumbed to death, and 6 (2.1%) patients were discharged against medical advice. Conclusion: The prevalence and mortality rates of malaria are high. To curb the trend of this disease, good environmental sanitation, prevention of the anophelene mosquito blood meal on humans, and early diagnosis and treatment of malaria should all be enhanced.
Cardiac manifestations of dengue fever in pediatrics age group
Authors: Menwal Upasana , Rawat Anil , Rawat Anurag , Chandar Vipan
Published: October 2020

Background: Dengue infection is a serious public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Cardiac involvement is a known but rare complication of dengue. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and 2D echocardiogram (ECHO) are preferred non invasive instant diagnostic tool to evaluate the status of heart in dengue infection. Objectives: The present study was carried out to confirm the cardiac manifestation in dengue fever, along with its correlation with the severity of the disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects were included over a period of 1-year time from inpatient and outpatient departments presenting with clinical features suggestive of dengue and further confirmed by positive serology test of IgM and/or NS1 antigen by rapid and/or by ELISA method. Cardiac manifestations were analyzed with the help of ECG and 2D ECHO in all serologically confirmed cases. Results: 16 out of 60 cases had cardiac findings in the form of tachycardia, bradycardia, and myocarditis. ECG showed some nonspecific findings like sinus tachycardia followed by sinus bradycardia. Myocarditis diagnosed by ECHO as ejection fractions <50% was observed in four cases of dengue with warning sign and in one of severe dengue, while mild TR was seen in three cases of dengue with a warning sign, two cases of probable dengue, and one case of severe dengue. Conclusion: This study showed that cardiac involvement of dengue infections runs a benign course without any complications. Early diagnosis, strict monitoring, and prompt supportive management reduce the mortality rate in dengue.
Óleos essenciais como inibidores da acetilcolinesterase
Authors: Souza Stefânia de , Valverde Simone , Silva Raphael da , Lima Keila , Lima Antônio
Published: October 2020

Produtos naturais identificados a partir do uso tradicional de plantas medicinais representam uma grande oportunidade para o desenvolvimento de novos tipos de terapias. A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma patologia neurodegenerativa, progressiva, que afeta principalmente a população idosa, responsável por 50-60% dos casos de demência em pessoas com mais de 65 anos de idade. Um dos mais promissores caminhos para tratar esta doença é aumentar o nível de acetilcolina no cérebro usando inibidores da cetilcolinesterase (AChE). Este trabalho traz uma atual revisão de estudos envolvendo óleos essenciais como inibidores da AChE.
A geometria hiperbólica e o reflexo de sua utilização para alunos do Ensino Médio
Authors: Vogado Gilberto Emanoel Reis , Lobato Fabricio da Silva , Dias Gustavo Nogueira , Barreto Wagner Davy Lucas , Silva Junior Washington Luiz Da , Pamplona Vanessa Mayara Souza , Rodrigues Alessandra Epifanio , Araújo Jamile Carla Oliveira , Barbosa Eldilene Da Silva , Silva Euvaldo Soares Da
Published: October 2020

O trabalho a seguir apresenta como objetivo ampliar o conhecimento geométrico dos alunos e professores do ensino médio por meio do estudo da Geometria Hiperbólica. O texto foi estruturado em cinco partes: na primeira abordamos O nascimento da Geometria Hiperbólica, onde apresentamos resumidamente, um dos episódios mais fascinantes da História da Matemática. Explanamos sobre a Soma das medidas dos ângulos internos de um triângulo, apresentando resultados surpreendentes, onde reflete a importância do estudo da Geometria Hiperbólica, em seguida apresentamos por meio de figuras e um quadro comparativo, as principais diferenças entre as geometrias Euclidianas e Não-Euclidianas. O estudo da Geometria Hiperbólica promoveu uma reflexão sobre o desenvolvimento e a construção do conhecimento geométrico, destacando a busca incansável por cerca de 2000 anos de notáveis matemáticos e geômetras que tentaram demonstrar o Quinto Postulado de Euclides ou Postulado das Paralelas. A Geometria Euclidiana presente nos livros didáticos, é válida e consistente para descrever e representar pequenas medidas e formas que estão limitadas por uma superfície de curvatura nula.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРЯМОГО ЛАЗЕРНО-ІНДУКОВАНОГО ОПТИЧНОГО ПРОБОЮ В ТВЕРДИХ ТІЛАХ
Authors: ТРОХИМЧУК П.П.
Published: October 2020

Задача моделювання лазерно-індукованого оптичного пробою представляється як створення універсального методу для всіх середовищ – від газів до твердого тіла. Це перша спроба детального дослідження цієї проблеми в цілому. Показаний рівень складності цієї проблеми. З фізико-хімічної точки зору оптичний пробій є режимом повного розриву всіх хімічних зв'язків в опромінюється речовині в області лазерного опромінення. У цьому випадку ми можемо визначити поріг руйнування опромінених речовин за допомогою методів релаксаційної оптики. Режим оптичного пробою можна отримати за допомогою трьох способів. Перший – тепловий. У цьому випадку основна релаксація первинних процесів оптичного збудження є теплова. Прикладами цього процесу можуть бути імпульсне мілісекундне та неперервне лазерне опромінення речовини. Другий – плазмовий. В цьому випадку основну роль в оптичному пробої має формування «колективного» електромагнітного (електронно-іонного) процесу. Прикладами цього процесу є лазерне опромінення імпульсами мілісекундної або наносекундної тривалості. При цьому лазерно-індукована плазма випромінює неперервне випромінювання у всіх напрямках (ефект зірки). Третій – прямий оптичний. У цьому випадку ми маємо пряму багатофотонну іонізацію, і ці процеси носять орієнтаційний характер. Вторинне випромінювання (перевипромінюсвання) це черенковське випромінювання з оптичним збудженням. Цей факт підтверджений експериментальними даними для наносекундного, пікосекундного таі фемтосекундного режимів опромінення. Це відмінність пов'язана з різною природою релаксації первинних оптичних збуджень. Представлено порівняльний аналіз моделювання цих трьох типів процесів. Показано, що третій процес, прямий лазерний пробій, супроводжується нелінійно-оптичними перетвореннями вихідного випромінювання (дифракційна стратифікація, черенковське випромінювання та інтерференція цього випромінювання). Представлено та обговорено ланцюжок відповідних моделей для різних середовищ. Таким чином, показано, що велике значення для лазерного оптичного пробою мають нелінійно-оптичні процеси., Ці процеси мають складну ланцюгову природу і це необхідно враховувати при їх моделюванні.
ВПЛИВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ НАПРУЖЕНЬ НА КОНТАКТНУ ВЗАЄМОДІЮ ПОПЕРЕДНЬО НАПРУЖЕНИХ ЦІЛЬЦЕВОГО ШТАМПА ТА ПІВПРОСТОРУ
Authors: ЯРЕЦЬКА Н.О. , РАМСЬКИЙ А.О.
Published: October 2020

Стаття присвячена дослідженню впливу початкових напружень на контактну взаємодію попередньо напруженого кільцевого штампа та півпростору з початковими (залишковими) напруженнями без урахування сил тертя. Дослідження представлено в загальній формі для теорії великих початкових (кінцевих) деформацій та двох варіантів теорії малих початкових деформацій в рамках лінеаризованої теорії пружності для довільної структури пружного потенціалу. Робиться припущення, що початкові стани пружного кільцевого штампа та пружного півпростору залишаються однорідними та рівними. Дослідження проводиться за допомогою координат у початковому деформованому стані, які пов'язані з лагранжевими координатами (що відповідають природному стану). Крім того, вплив пружного кільцевого штампа викликає невеликі збурення основного пружного деформованого стану. Також передбачається, що пружний кільцевий штамп та пружний півпростір виготовлені з різних ізотропних, трансверсально-ізотропних або композиційних матеріалів. Числовий аналіз представлений у вигляді графіків для пружного потенціалу найпростішої структури для ізотропного стисливого тіла та відповідає квадратичному наближенню при використанні алгебраїчних інваріантів тензора деформацій Гріна. Алгоритм розв’язку цієї задачі реалізується у вигляді комп’ютерної програми у пакеті Maple 15. Досліджено вплив початкового напруження на контактну взаємодію між пружним кільцевим штампом та пружним півпростором у випадку пружного потенціалу конкретної структури. Актуальність проведених досліджень полягає в тому, що врахування впливу початкових (залишкових) напружень у тілах на закон розподілу контактних характеристик пружних тіл у точках їх взаємодії може дозволяти ефективніше враховувати, зносостійкість матеріалів, правильно оцінюючи їх запаси міцності. Також це може в достатній мірі знизити витрату матеріалів, зберігаючи їх необхідні функціональні характеристики. Отже, вплив початкових (залишкових) напружень є суттєвим і його слід враховувати при розрахунку міцності в конструкціях і деталях машин.
АЛГОРИТМ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ШЛЯХУ ДЛЯ АВТОНОМНОГО РУХУ БЕЗПІЛОТНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ ПО ЛІНІЇ
Authors: ВАЛЬКО Н.В. , БОЛГАРІН Т.О. , ВАЛЬКО К.В.
Published: October 2020

Створення роботизованих систем та їх програмування представляють мультидисциплінарну сферу, що є підрозділами алгоритмів штучного інтелекту та машинного навчання. Все більш популярною стає тенденція, коли лідери автомобільної промисловості випускають автомобілі з технологією автономного керування. Такі транспортні засоби є більш безпечними, їх використання сприяє зменшенню кількості ДТП, та, відповідно, рівня травматизму. Також вони використовуються як одне з рішень в логістичних задачах «останньої милі» - складність, яка пов’язана з останнім етапом доставки. На сучасному етапі розвитку технологій актуальним є розвиток систем штучного інтелекту і автоматизація таких процесів. Задача автономного керування транспортом потребує використання спеціалізованих методів і загальних алгоритмів машинного навчання, зокрема комп’ютерного зору, що базується на обробці зображень. В статті представлено алгоритм визначення шляху автономного руху безпілотного транспорту по лінії. Розглянуті існуючі методи обробки зображень, алгоритми їх застосування та проблеми, які виникають при обробці зображень. Представлений алгоритм для пошуку шляху на зображенні з камери був апробований на комп’ютерній моделі автомобіля. Такий автомобіль був підготовлений для змагань моделей з автономним керуванням в рамках змагань Robotraffic. Стояло завдання підвищити ефективність функціонування наявних датчиків за допомогою додаткового обладнання у вигляді зовнішньої камери. Відеодані повинні були оброблятися програмно для визначення шляху для автономного руху транспорту. Був створений алгоритм, який працює за принципом дискретизації всього шляху на частини, кожна з яких обробляється окремо. Обробка частини представляє собою усереднення бінарної інформації про ширину шляху: ширина сегменту шляху повинна бути більше ніж наступний сегмент. Усі сегменти в остаточному представленні комбінуються у дерево шляхів з яких обирається один для подальшого руху. алгоритм можна легко модифікувати на віддавання пріоритету лівим або правим шляхам. Алгоритм забезпечує досить швидкий пошук шляху. Усі розрахунки ведуться в режимі реального часу. Перевагами є простота та швидкодія. Тому алгоритм можна використовувати для створення системи автономного керування моделей автомобілів. Представлений алгоритм можна використовувати для створення більш точної системи для керування автономними моделями автомобілів, а також для створення власних систем допомоги керування реальним транспортом з використанням камери та міні комп’ютерів. Також одним із наступних завдань є розробка системи для виявлення дорожніх знаків на зображенні.