bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Root functional traits are important predictors for plant resource acquisition strategies in subtropical forests
Authors: Yu Guangcan , Wang Yufang , Li Andi , Wang Senhao , Chen Jing , Mo Jiangming , Zheng Mianhai
Published: January 2025

Intercorrelated aboveground traits associated with costs and plant growth have been widely used to predict vegetation in response to environmental changes. However, whether underground traits exhibit consistent responses remains unclear, particularly in N‐rich subtropical forests. Responses of foliar and root morphological and physiological traits of tree and herb species after 8‐year N, P, and combined N and P treatments (50 kg N, P, N and P ha−1 year−1) were examined in leguminous Acacia auriculiformis (AA) and nonleguminous Eucalyptus urophylla (EU) forests in southern China. N addition did not significantly impact all leaf and root traits except root N concentration per root length. Root traits responded to P addition more than leaf traits in trees; however, both traits responded similarly to P addition in herbs. Tree species deviated from the expected leaf economics spectrum; however, all species aligned with the root economics spectrum. The P and combined N and P treatments significantly altered the position of principal components analysis of root functional traits for herb species compared to the control. However, these changes did not reflect a classic shift in nutrient acquisition strategy within the root economics spectrum. As leguminous species experienced greater P limitation, AA responded more to P addition than EU; their understories indicated no significant differences. This study reveals how plant aboveground and underground traits adapt to nutrient‐rich environments. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating plant underground traits, which show significant and specific responses to nutrient additions, into Earth system models for accurately predicting plant responses to global change.
Development of Nylon/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Transmission Line Monitoring Applications
Authors: Gulahmadov Orkhan , Muradov Mustafa B. , Gahramanli Lala , Karimova Aynura , Mammadyarova Sevinj , Belluci Stefano , Musayev Ali , Kim Jiseok
Published: January 2025

This study explores how the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators can be enhanced by incorporating Fe3O4 nanoparticles into nylon films using a spray coating technique. Five triboelectric nanogenerator prototypes were created: one with regular nylon and four with nylon/Fe3O4 nanocomposites featuring varying nanoparticle densities. The electrical output, measured by open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current, showed significant improvements in the nanocomposite‐based triboelectric nanogenerators compared to the nylon‐only triboelectric nanogenerator. When a weak magnetic field was applied during nanocomposite preparation, the maximum voltage and current reached 56.3 V and 4.62 μA, respectively. Further analysis revealed that the magnetic field during the drying process aligned the magnetic domains, boosting output efficiency. These findings demonstrate the potential of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to enhance electrostatic and magnetic interactions in triboelectric nanogenerators, leading to improved energy‐harvesting performance. This approach presents a promising strategy for developing high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerators for sustainable energy and sensor applications.
Effects of exogenous γ‐aminobutyric acid on the growth and cadmium content of lettuce under cadmium‐stress conditions
Authors: Tang Wen , Liang Le , Xu Ke , Yu Xuena , He Min , Xie Yongdong , Li Rulong , Lin Lijin , Huang Zhi , Sun Bo , Sun Guochao , Tu Lihua , Li Huanxiu , Tang Yi
Published: January 2025

γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in plant resistance to abiotic stress, but the mechanisms underlying GABA‐mediated alleviation of Cd stress in leafy vegetables have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of different GABA concentrations on the growth and Cd content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under Cd stress conditions. The results indicate that Cd stress (50 μ mol/L) significantly inhibited lettuce growth, decreased chlorophyll content, and increased osmoregulatory compound content. Under Cd stress conditions, the exogenous application of 1 and 2 g/L GABA significantly increasing lettuce's plant height and biomass. At the same time, application of 1 and 2 g/L GABA reduced the Cd content in the shoots and roots of lettuce, by 4.92%–12.16% compared to Cd treatment alone. In addition, GABA treatment of 1 and 2 g/L also alleviated the decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced the osmoregulatory compound content increase caused by Cd stress, thereby alleviating Cd‐induced oxidative damage. The results of the PCA and correlation analysis indicate that the effects of GABA can be explained by changes in cadmium content, photosynthetic pigment levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Overall, these results provide a reference for the mechanisms underlying the GABA‐mediated reduction in Cd content in lettuce.
Global artificial light masks biologically important light cycles of animals
Authors: Seymoure Brett M , Buxton Rachel , White Jeremy M , Linares Carlos R , Fristrup Kurt , Crooks Kevin , Wittemyer George , Angeloni Lisa
Published: January 2025

We document the importance of low‐light conditions in 136 animal species and then translate the new world atlas of skyglow, which reports artificial night sky brightness, into estimates of anthropogenic illuminance (that is, artificial light reaching Earth's surface). Quantifying habitat illuminance from skyglow facilitates understanding of the disruption of natural light cycles, such as new moon conditions, which are critical to animal ecology. We corroborated this transformation of sky brightness by comparing concurrent field measurements of skyglow and illuminance. We then quantified global artificial illuminance caused by skyglow, finding that skyglow artificially doubled illuminance of new moon conditions—a critical phase for biological processes, such as foraging, courtship, and mating—for 22.9% of the Earth's terrestrial surface, 51.0% of Key Biodiversity Areas, 77.1% of Global Protected Areas, and ~20% of highly diverse areas for mammals, birds, and amphibians. We provide summaries of artificial illuminance at 750‐m pixel resolution for each protected area to aid land managers and guide policy in reducing skyglow in areas that may yield the greatest benefits for conserving animal biodiversity.
Ensuring halal food integrity: An overview of modern molecular and technological solutions
Authors: Ahmad Abdul Mueez , Sipra Hassan Mehmood , Tanveer Nimra , Aslam Nabila , Hassan Ali , Hassan Syed Ali
Published: January 2025

Food authenticity is crucial for ensuring consumer trust, public health and market integrity with particular importance in the context of religious and cultural practices. For the global Muslim population, halal food adherence is not merely a dietary preference but a fundamental aspect of faith, necessitating rigorous verification of halal status. Traditional methods of halal food authentication such as sensory evaluation basic chemical analysis, electrophoresis and ionizing radiation often fall short in addressing the complexities of modern food production and supply chains leading to potential cross‐contamination and mislabeling. These limitations underscore the urgent need for advanced techniques in halal food authentication. This paper explores technologies such as DNA‐based methods, spectroscopy, chromatography, immunological assays, and emerging innovations like blockchain and artificial intelligence. By providing a comprehensive overview of these advanced techniques, this paper aims to highlight their potential in enhancing the accuracy, reliability and efficiency of halal food authentication thereby supporting industry stakeholders, regulators and consumers in upholding halal integrity.
Acute Extrinsic Activation of the RANKL Pathway Decreases Wound Healing and Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice
Authors: Vivinetto A. L. , Bernstein A. , Soliman M. , Cave J. W. , Hollis E.
Published: January 2025

Manipulating wound healing‐associated signaling after SCI presents a promising avenue for increasing the recovery of function after injury. This study explores the potential of targeting molecular regulators of wound healing, initially identified in nonneural tissues, to enhance outcomes after SCI. Astrocytes, pivotal in central nervous system wound healing, play a crucial role in tissue remodeling and recovery. However, the optimal manipulation of astrogliosis for beneficial outcomes remains elusive. Previous research demonstrated a transcriptional response in astrocytes resembling epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) after CNS injury. Here, we investigate the extrinsic manipulation of wound healing through the Receptor Activator of Nuclear‐factor Kappa‐Β (RANK) pathway, known for its involvement in nonneural tissue remodeling and linked to EMT pathway. Using a severe thoracic spinal cord contusion mouse model, we demonstrate that acute activation of the RANK pathway with RANK ligand (RANKL) adversely affects tissue remodeling, resulting in larger lesion volumes and delayed recovery of posture and locomotion. These findings suggest that early perturbations in the tight molecular regulation of tissue remodeling negatively impact the wound‐healing process after SCI. The study provides a proof‐of‐concept demonstration that exogenous nonneural remodeling ligands can modify astrocyte responses and functional recovery after SCI, raising questions about the optimal time frame for beneficial remodeling interventions during injury progression. These insights open new avenues for therapeutic strategies aimed at improving functional outcomes following SCI.
Identification of vascular hotspots and analysis of micro‐vessel flow velocity waveforms in high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix
Authors: Wu Yi‐Cheng , Hsiao Ching‐Hua , Chen Ching‐Hsuan , Ko Yi‐Li , Yuan Chiou‐Chung , Huang Jack Yu‐Jen , Chen Yi‐Jen , Chu Woei‐Chyn , Wang Peng‐Hui
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To assess hotspot micro‐vessel flow velocity waveforms in human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical infections using transvaginal power Doppler ultrasound (TV‐PDU) and explore associations with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] II and III).

Methods

In all, 62 patients with confirmed HPV‐HSIL (14 CIN II, 48 CIN III) and 65 age‐ and parity‐matched women with neither HPV infection nor CIN were compared. Seven parameters by TV‐PDU were used to assess vascular classification and micro‐vessel flow velocity, including vascular grading (class I, II, III), lowest pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), peak systolic velocity (PS), end‐diastolic velocity (ED), time average maximum velocity (TAMV), and the vascular index (VI = PS/ED).

Results

HSIL was primarily associated with vascular class I (75.8%), followed by class II (14.5%) and class III (9.7%). PI, RI, and VI in HSIL were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.0001). Mean PI, RI, and VI values decreased progressively from the normal cervix to CIN II–III. At a PI cutoff of 1.03, sensitivity was 88.7%, specificity was 83.8%, and area under the curve (AUC) was 95.0. At an RI cutoff of 0.68, sensitivity was 96.8%, specificity 61.5%, and AUC 84.0. At a VI cutoff of 2.84, sensitivity was 85.5%, specificity 78.5%, and AUC 85.0.

Conclusion

Based on different patterns of hotspot vascular classification and micro‐vessel flow velocity waveforms, particularly PI between HSIL and the normal cervix, TV‐PDU may offer a potential role for aiding the planning for patients with suspicious HSIL. Further studies are needed to validate the findings.
A road map through the multi‐faceted world of female genital cosmetic surgical techniques
Authors: Buzzaccarini Giovanni , Degliuomini Rebecca Susanna , De Rosa Laura , Villa Silvia , Messina Silvia , Siesto Gabriele , Candiani Massimo , Salvatore Stefano
Published: January 2025

The demand for female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) has significantly increased in recent years for two reasons: the advancement of surgical operations and the increased attention to women's esthetic and sexual well‐being. Three authors independently analyzed different databases up to April 1, 2024. They selected the relevant data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two team members retrieved and evaluated the full text of the articles for eligibility, extracted the data independently, and included populations, intervention type, and outcomes using a pre‐piloted standard method. Any disagreement over the eligibility of some articles was resolved through discussion with an external collaborator. Considering the growing interest in FGCS procedures, the present review aims to analyze the most up‐to‐date surgical techniques, to provide adequate evidence‐based surgical training, in order to avoid complications. Labiaplasty aims to reduce excess labial tissue. To perform this procedure, it is possible to implement several techniques, that have recently been updated to ensure the lowest rate of complications and the best esthetic result. Vaginoplasty involves strengthening the vaginal wall and repairing vaginal lesions or asymmetries. Perineoplasty, the technique of choice in all scenarios in which perineal trauma occurs, is achieved by strengthening the perineal body and restoring the rectovaginal fascia. Other procedures described are labia majora augmentation, mons pubis surgery, clitoral hood reduction, lipofilling, and hymen reconstruction. Our review emphasizes that robust, evidence‐based training is required before performing such procedures, to avoid ineffective and potentially harmful surgical practices.
Environmental Seasonality Affects the Growth, Yield and Economic Viability of Irrigated Forage Species in Dry Regions
Authors: dos Santos Agda Raiany Mota , de Morais José Edson Florentino , Salvador Kaique Renan da Silva , de Souza Carlos André Alves , Araújo Júnior George do Nascimento , Alves Cleber Pereira , Jardim Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz , da Silva Marcelo José , de Carvalho Franciê Gomes , dos Santos Ashlei Shaina Lopes , dos Santos Wilma Roberta , Campos Fleming Sena , Gois Glayciane Costa , da Silva Thieres George Freire
Published: January 2025

Irrigation in semi‐arid regions overcomes edaphoclimatic limitations, guaranteeing livestock farming and reducing the seasonality of forage production. The objective is therefore to evaluate the influence of seasonal variations on the development and accumulation of forage species. The study was conducted in the semi‐arid region of Brazil over several harvests from 2020 to 2023 in a randomized block design with four replications, comprising pasture grasses (Brachiaria, buffel, Mombasa and Tanzania), silage crops (BRS Capiaçu, elephant grass, maize and sorghum) and protein sources (alfalfa, Gliricidia, Leucaena and Moringa) subjected to a fixed irrigation regime based on 100% reference evapotranspiration. Tanzania, BRS Capiaçu and Leucaena presented relatively high dry matter yields of 27.0, 111.3 and 36.2 Mg ha−1, respectively. The buffelgrass–sorghum–pigeonpea intercropping system was more efficient in terms of dry matter production (44.5 Mg ha−1). The economic viability varied greatly between cycles and seasons, with sorghum, BRS Capiaçu and Gliricidia standing out as having a positive benefit–cost ratio during all the cycles evaluated. This study reveals how environmental changes affect the development and yield of forage crops, providing insights for productive and economic sustainability in semi‐arid regions with the use of irrigation.
Systematic Review of the Epidemiology of Hair Relaxer Use and Hormone‐Sensitive Reproductive Outcomes Among Black Adult Women in the United States
Authors: Hernandez Ashley M. , Smith Sierra J. , Vahora Moin S. , Campbell Devan , Krevanko Callan F. , Lewis Ryan C. , Pierce Jennifer S.
Published: January 2025

Hair relaxers are predominantly used by Black women in the United States. It has been recently suggested that exposure to potential endocrine‐disrupting compounds from the use of these products may be associated with the development of gynecological and breast cancers and anatomically relevant nonmalignancies. We conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed to identify original studies reporting measures of association between hair relaxer use and relevant adverse outcomes, focusing specifically on Black women in the United States. A total of 1382 studies were initially identified, and after consideration of the exclusion and inclusion criteria, the final set of studies consisted of seven cohort studies and one case–control study. The overall findings suggest that Black women in the United States do not experience an increased risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or uterine cancer due to hair relaxers. One study found a statistically significant association between hair relaxer use and uterine leiomyomata, but there were no other studies identified to support these findings. None of the studies characterized the chemical constituents of hair relaxers. From an epidemiologic perspective, the weight of the evidence does not support the hypothesis that the use of hair relaxers is a risk factor for gynecological and breast cancers in US Black women.
Evaluation of Cannabis Per Se Laws: A Semi‐Mechanistic Pharmacometrics Model for Quantitative Characterization of THC and Metabolites in Oral Users
Authors: Li Peizhi , An Guohua
Published: January 2025

Recreational cannabis use has increased notably in the United States in the past decade, with a recent surge in oral consumption. This trend has raised concerns about driving under the influence. Current cannabis‐impaired driving laws lack standardization, with some states implementing blood Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) per se limits (1, 2, and 5 ng/mL). However, these limits have been criticized for their inaccuracy and unreliability, highlighting the need for legal refinement. Addressing this issue requires understanding the complex pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of THC, cannabis's primary psychoactive component, which can be characterized using a population PK model. However, existing PK models mainly focus on inhalation data and do not account for the growing number of oral cannabis users. To bridge this gap, a semi‐mechanistic population PK model was developed using data from 10 published studies following intravenous or oral administration of cannabis to characterize THC and its metabolites in oral users. Simulated THC plasma concentrations for doses from 2.5 mg to 100 mg in frequent and occasional users were used to evaluate the effectiveness of existing per se limits. Results showed that the 1 ng/mL limit was least effective due to a high risk of false positives, while the 2 and 5 ng/mL limits remain inconclusive due to limited PD data linking blood THC levels to impairment. These findings suggest that the existing per se laws may not fully address the complexity of cannabis impairment, underscoring the need for further research and refinement of cannabis‐impaired driving laws.
Environmental Challenges and Co‐Infection Modulate Resistance and Tolerance Against Trypanosoma Cruzi and Trichinella Spiralis in Rats
Authors: Palavecino Cintia C. , Cuervo Pablo F. , Fantozzi María C. , Bontempi Ivan A. , Ruiz Marcelo F. , Marengo Rafael E. , Beldomenico Pablo M. , Racca Andrea L.
Published: January 2025

To overcome infection, hosts employ two defense strategies: resistance (which limits pathogen fitness), and tolerance (which reduces infection damage). These strategies may be influenced by environmental challenges such as food shortage, social conflict, and co‐infections. Here, our objective was to assess defense strategies in rats infected with Trichinella spiralis and/or Trypanosoma cruzi under environmental challenges. After four weeks of treatment with environmental challenges (food restriction [0/1] and/or social conflict [0/1]), rats were exposed to Tri. spiralis [0/1] and/or Try. cruzi [0/1]. Six weeks postinoculation, we measured parasite intensity and several indicators of health or pathology. Tolerance to Try. cruzi increased in the presence of social conflict and food restriction. Coinfected animals showed reduced tolerance compared to mono‐infected. However, food‐restricted mono‐infected rats had lower tolerance than other groups. No significant differences were found in resistance to Try. cruzi. Tolerance to Tri. spiralis was higher in food‐restricted rats and Coinfected rats. Moreover, we found a potential shift in defense strategy: rats that are mono‐infected and exposed to social conflict may be more resistant but less tolerant to Tri. spiralis than all other experimental groups. Overall, our findings highlight that defense strategies are context‐dependent in the nematode‐protozoan infection model studied, and provide evidence of a shift in the defense strategy to accommodate during environmental challenges. Given that rodents play a key role as reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, understanding the range and variability of defense strategies in these animals is of utmost importance.
The efficacy of second‐line chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancer: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Hwang Inhwan , Han Sangah , Jeong Ji Hun , Ihm Chunhwa , Rhee Taeho Greg , Shim Sung Ryul
Published: January 2025

Background

This network meta‐analysis (NMA) aims to provide evidence‐based guidance for selecting the second‐line chemotherapy for biliary tract cancer (BTC).

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE through July 2024. Inclusion criteria involved: (1) patients underwent second‐line chemotherapy following platinum‐based first‐line therapy, (2) intervention/comparator groups consisted of various chemotherapeutic agents, and (3) outcomes measured as hazard ratio (HR) of overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies.

Results

Outcomes were measured as HR of OS and PFS in RCTs and cohort studies. The eight studies consisting of 1621 patients were selected. In the NMA for OS, 5FU_plus_Plat (fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin or cisplatin; HR 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30–0.91), nal‐IRI_5FU_LV (nano‐liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil and LV; HR 0.54 [95% CI: 0.32–0.92]), and FOLFOX (fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin; HR 0.69 [95% CI: 0.50–0.96]) demonstrated significant benefits in OS when compared to control. For PFS, nal‐IRI_5FU_LV (HR 0.61 [95% CI: 0.44–0.85]) provided a significant advantage over 5FU.

Conclusions

Second‐line chemotherapy for BTC after the failure of gemcitabine plus platinum as first‐line therapy, nal‐IRI_5FU_LV appears to be the most promising second‐line therapy in terms of both OS and PFS.
Evaluation of Real‐Time Cardiovascular Flow MRI Using Compressed Sensing in a Phantom and in Patients With Valvular Disease or Arrhythmia
Authors: Lala Tania , Christierson Lea , Frieberg Petter , Giese Daniel , Kellman Peter , Hakacova Nina , Sjöberg Pia , Ostenfeld Ellen , Töger Johannes
Published: January 2025

Background

Real‐time (RT) phase contrast (PC) flow MRI can potentially be used to measure blood flow in arrhythmic patients. Undersampled RT PC has been combined with online compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction (CS RT) enabling clinical use. However, CS RT flow has not been validated in a clinical setting.

Purpose

Evaluate CS RT in phantom and patients.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Flow phantom (60 cycles/min: N = 10, 120 cycles/min: N = 12), sinus rhythm patients, no regurgitation (N = 20) or suspected aortic regurgitation (N = 10), arrhythmia patients (N = 10).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5 T, 2D gated PC, CS RT PC, RT cine with arrhythmia rejection.

Assessment

Phantom experiments tested the accuracy of CS RT cardiac output and peak flow rate at 60 and 120 cycles/min against gated PC. For sinus rhythm patients, cardiac output, peak flow rate, and regurgitation fraction in the ascending aorta and/or pulmonary artery were evaluated against gated PC. Cardiac output in patients with arrythmia was evaluated against RT cine with arrhythmia rejection.

Statistical Tests

Bland Altman, correlation, Mann–Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

Results

Cardiac output bias ± SD for CS RT in the phantom was −0.0 ± 0.2 L/min (0.5 ± 3%, P = 0.76) at 60 cycles/min and 0.2 ± 0.3 L/min (4 ± 4%, P = 0.0016) at 120 cycles/min. Correspondingly, peak flow rate bias was −23 ± 6 mL/s (−7 ± 2%, P < 0.0001) and −73 ± 25 mL/s (−23 ± 4%, P < 0.0001). In patients, regurgitant fraction was −4 ± 0.5% (−23 ± 4%, P = 0.0025). Cardiac output bias in patients in sinus rhythm was −0.1 ± 0.5 L/min (−2 ± 10%, P = 0.99) (with regurgitation) and −0.3 ± 0.6 L/min (−5 ± 11%, P = 0.035) (without regurgitation). Peak flow rate bias was −60 ± 31 mL/s (−13 ± 6%, P < 0.0001) (with regurgitation) and −64 ± 32 mL/s (−16 ± 8%, P < 0.0001) (without regurgitation). Cardiac output bias was −0.4 ± 0.6 L/min (−9 ± 11%, P < 0.003) in arrhythmia patients.

Data Conclusions

CS RT flow could potentially serve as a clinical tool for patients with or without valvular disease or arrhythmia, with accurate cardiac output and regurgitation fraction quantification.

Plain Language Summary

Accurate flow assessment is important in clinical evaluation of cardiac patients, but in the presence of irregular heart rhythm flow assessment is challenging. We have evaluated a new method using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and real‐time flow for blood flow assessment in cardiac patients. The method was tested against a reference method in a phantom flow model in low and high heart rates, and in cardiac patients with and without irregular heart rhythm and in different vessels. We found the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging real time flow method accurate and therefore promising for clinical implementation.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Utilization of Staging Laparoscopy for Patients With Gastric Cancer in Ukraine
Authors: Dobrzhanskyi Oleksii , Gaskill Cameron E. , Kizub Darya , Kondratskyi Yurii , Horodetskyi Andrii , Melnitchouk Nelya , Pepenin Mykyta
Published: January 2025

Background

The use of advanced diagnostic methods, such as high‐resolution CT or PET‐CT scans, are limited in low and middle‐income countries (LMICs). In gastric cancer, occult peritoneal disease may be present in up to 20% of cases, limiting the benefits of surgical resection. Accurate staging of gastric cancer is essential to ensure optimal patient management and prevent undue morbidity from unnecessary surgery. Our study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy and safety of staging laparoscopy (SL) versus computed tomography (CT) in detecting peritoneal metastases for gastric cancer in Ukraine.

Methods

Patients who underwent SL between October 2017 and October 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. SL was performed for each newly diagnosed patient with gastric cancer without evidence of distant metastases, except when peritoneal carcinomatosis was in question. Pathological findings at SL were compared with initial CT reports, and analysis of the sensitivity and specificity for SL was performed.

Results

Of 516 patients undergoing SL, 410 had no radiological considerations for distant metastases. Among them, radiographically occult peritoneal metastatic disease was found in 134 (32.7%). Overall SL sensitivity for peritoneal metastases was 90.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.8%–94.1%) and specificity 100.0% (95% CI: 98.8%–100.0%). Complications after SL occurred in 5 (1%) of patients. No mortality was associated with SL.

Conclusion

SL is a safe and effective method to evaluate the presence of peritoneal disease in patients with gastric cancer. This method may be appropriate for LMICs, where availability of advanced imaging technologies is limited.
Room‐Temperature Self‐Cavity Lasing From Organic Spintronic Materials
Authors: Zhang Minna , Wu Hao , Yao Xuri , Ma Jiyang , Oxborrow Mark , Zhao Qing
Published: January 2025

Crystal defects in solid‐state spintronic materials play a crucial role in altering the optical properties of their hosts, enabling widespread applications in the field of quantum information processing. While the majority of the leading platforms are inorganic, they come with limitations such as the challenging material preparations and insufficient amount of active spins. Here, pentacene‐doped p‐terphenyl (Pc:Ptp), an organic spintronic material with easy preparations and tailorable functionalities normally used for microwave quantum electronics, is demonstrated for the first time its ability of self‐cavity laser emission at room temperature. The laser emission is characterized by strong polarization and anisotropy, attributed to the unique packing of the doped molecules (i.e., active spins) within the crystal. The optical coherence is found to be a figure of merit to distinguish the processes of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and lasing in Pc:Ptp. This work highlights the potential of Pc:Ptp as a compact and efficient platform for light‐matter interactions, offering significant promise for enhancing the performance of solid‐state quantum devices based on the organic spintronic material.
Strong Nonlinear Response and All‐Optical Applications in Hybrid Bismuth Halide with Spatial Self‐Phase Modulation
Authors: Xu Zhuowang , Wang Hebin , Niu Wenshuo , Guo Yang , Zhai Xiaomin , Li Pinxu , Zeng Xin , Gull Sehrish , Liu Jingyi , Cao Jiawei , Xu Xiaodan , Wen Guilin , Long Guankui , Wu Yanling , Li Jianmei
Published: January 2025

Perovskite materials, known for their exceptional photoelectronic and photonic properties, have attracted considerable interest in the field of nonlinear optics (NLO). Herein, 0D organic–inorganic hybrid bismuth perovskite (PPA)3BiI6 (PPA = 3‐phenyl‐2‐propen‐1‐ammonium) is successfully synthesized using the cooling‐induced crystallization method. The nonlinear optical responses of this hybrid bismuth halide are investigated within the visible spectrum range of 405–532 nm by the spatial self‐phase modulation (SSPM) method. It is found that (PPA)3BiI6 exhibits excellent third‐order nonlinear susceptibilities (), up to 10−8 e.s.u. at 405 nm, which is larger than those of reported lead‐free perovskites in previous research. The all‐optical switching experiment is conducted, effectively realizing phase modulation of light through light interaction. Moreover, a novel unidirectional NLO excitation diode with a (PPA)3BiI6/SnS2 hybrid structure is demonstrated for spatially nonreciprocal propagation. The research discovered a lead‐free perovskite with superior nonlinear optical properties and systematically investigated its potential applications in photonic device technology.
Study of Polypyrrole Coating on the Performance Improvement of Ag/AgCl Chloride Ion Sensor in Highly Alkaline Concrete Environments
Authors: Xu Tong , Chu Hongqiang , Shi Jinjie , Yang Lu , Long Baolin , Xu Yi , Li Wenwei
Published: January 2025

Ag/AgCl possesses the merits of a stable reference potential and good chemical stability, making it widely used in concrete for monitoring chloride ions. However, in the concrete circumstance, the high hydroxide ion content would significantly deteriorate the sensitivity and stability of the Ag/AgCl electrode in detecting chloride ions. Herein, in this work, a highly sensitive and stable Ag/AgCl electrode is proposed by employing a protective coating layer based on polypyrrole (PPy). Using a facile coating process, a uniform PPy layer is coated on the surface of an Ag piece, effectively precluding hydroxide ions from reacting with AgCl. The modified Ag/AgCl electrode exhibits high sensitivity to chloride ions over a wide range (10−5–5 mol/L), fast response time (0.01 s), and distinguished long‐term stability (90 days). Moreover, the feasibility of the proposed Ag/AgCl electrode in monitoring chloride ions of concrete has been validated, suggesting its great practicability in concrete structures.
An X‐Linked Ataxia Syndrome in a Family with Hearing Loss Associated with a Novel Variant in the BCAP31 Gene
Authors: Paucar Martin , Li Tianyi , Bergendal Åsa , Savitcheva Irina , Pourhamidi Kaveh , Laffita‐Mesa José M. , Nordgren Ann , Engvall Martin , Uhlén Per , Lagerstedt‐Robinson Kristina , Svenningsson Per
Published: January 2025

Objective

Pathogenic variants in B‐cell receptor‐associated protein (BCAP31) are associated with X‐linked, deafness, dystonia and cerebral hypomyelination (DDCH) syndrome. DDCH is congenital and non‐progressive, featuring severe intellectual disability (ID), variable dysmorphism, and sometimes associated with shortened survival. BCAP31 encodes one of the most abundant chaperones, with several functions including acting as a negative regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration. Here, we characterize an X‐linked syndrome, its underlying genotype, and a functional evaluation of the identified candidate genetic variant.

Methods

Evaluation of motor features, neuroimaging studies, neurophysiological, and cognitive tests. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was applied, a plasmid encoding BCAP31 with and without a candidate variant was transfected into SH‐SY5Y cells to assess subcellular location and to measure Ca2+ levels in the cytoplasm.

Results

Adult‐onset ataxia, cognitive impairment, and hearing loss leading to deafness are the predominant features. Reduced penetrance, slow progression with preserved ability to walk in advance age, and universal cerebellar atrophy are other features for this syndrome. This condition is associated with the new variant c.22G>A (V8I) in BCAP31 at Xq28. The subcellular location of the V8I BCAP31 protein was not altered but caused significant elevation of cytosolic Ca2+.

Conclusions

Our findings expand the spectrum of variants in BCAP31 from neurodevelopmental syndromes to include a progressive neurodegenerative disease with variable expressivity. This is the first time ataxia is described in association with a BCAP31 variant and functional evidence of pathogenicity is provided. Additional BCAP31 cases featuring ataxia are needed to establish an association. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Accelerated predictions of the sublimation enthalpy of organic materials with machine learning
Authors: Liu Yifan , Tran Huan , Huang Chaofan , del Rio Beatriz G. , Joseph V. Roshan , Losego Mark , Ramprasad Rampi
Published: January 2025

The sublimation enthalpy, , is a key thermodynamic parameter governing the phase transformation of a substance between its solid and gas phases. This transformation is at the core of many important materials' purification, deposition, and etching processes. While can be measured experimentally and estimated computationally, these approaches have their own different challenges. Here, we develop a machine learning (ML) approach to rapidly predict from data generated using density functional theory (DFT). We further demonstrate how combining ML and DFT methods with active learning can be efficient in exploring the materials space, expanding the coverage of the computed dataset, and systematically improving the ML predictive model of . With an error of kJ/mol in instantaneous predictions of , the ML model developed in this work will be useful for the community.
The Solvability and Sensitivity of Nonautonomous Fractional Differential Inclusions Steered by Mixed Brownian Motion
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Upadhyay Anjali
Published: January 2025

The qualitative study of stochastic fractional nonautonomous systems in infinite‐dimensional spaces is rarely available in the literature. Our aim in this article is to examine the existence and sensitivity of a mild solution for a novel class of nonautonomous stochastic fractional differential inclusions driven by standard and fractional Brownian motion (fBm). We derive the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the considered system with the help of operators generated by the probability density function and the family of linear, closed operators by utilizing the Picard iteration method. Furthermore, we investigate the sensitivity of the mild solution concerning the initial condition. The obtained results are proved under weaker assumptions than the Lipschitz conditions on the system parameters. We also use the Jensen, the Gronwall, and the Bihari inequalities to acquire the results. Our results generalize the work corresponding to fractional autonomous and deterministic systems. Lastly, two examples are constructed to validate the produced results.
Design of Coplanar Waveguide Artificial Transmission Lines and Its Application to a Miniaturized Branch‐Line Coupler
Authors: Singh Jagmohan , Bhatt Darshak
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a compact size hybrid coupler designed by the use of coplanar waveguide (CPW) artificial transmission line (ATL) for microwave applications. The ATLs comprise a periodic structure made from open‐ended stub lines that form a discontinuity and capacitive loading to the transmission lines. The electrical length and line impedance of the conventional transmission lines are modified by using the proposed CPW ATLs. A detailed mathematical analysis of the proposed ATLs and the coupler is explained in the paper. A full wave electromagnetic simulation and fabrication of the coupler are carried out at a central frequency of 2.1GHz to validate the proposed size reduction method. The measured bandwidth and phase difference between the through and the coupled port are 670 MHz or 31.9 fractional bandwidth and , respectively. The transmission losses to the through and the coupled port are 3.71 and 3.68 dB, respectively. A conventional quadrature CPW hybrid is also simulated and fabricated to compare the size with the proposed structure. The proposed design offers a size reduction of 74.87 when compared to the conventional CPW line‐based coupler.
Analysis of Nocturia Determinants Using a Novel Portable Urine‐Measuring Device
Authors: Yamasue Kotaro , Kaneoka Tomohiko , Tatenuma Tomoyuki , Umemura Masanari
Published: January 2025

Aims

To investigate the relationship between nocturia and values measured using a novel multifunctional portable urine‐measuring device.

Methods

Thirty‐five older men with nocturia and/or high‐normal or high blood pressure were enrolled to record measurements on one full day (24 h) and two nights using the portable device during urination. Participants used a semi‐conical cup with a small hole equipped with a conductivity sensor, temperature sensor, and timer to measure urine volume, salt content, urine temperature, and urination speed.

Results

Two participants were excluded owing to oliguria. The mean age of 33 participants was 75.2 ± 7.4 years (range: 55–85 years). The mean nocturnal urination frequency, including the first urination after waking, was 2.1 ± 0.6 times. Simple correlation analysis revealed that nocturnal urine frequency significantly increased with nocturnal urine volume (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) and salt content (r = 0.57, p < 0.001) but not with 24‐h urine volume and salt content. Furthermore, the frequency significantly decreased with nocturnal urine temperature (r = −0.37, p < 0.05). No significant relationship was observed between morning blood pressure and nocturnal urination frequency. A high correlation was observed between nighttime urine volume and salt content (r = 0.73, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Nocturnal urine volume, salt content, and urine temperature are significantly correlated with nocturia. The portable urine‐measuring device could guide nocturia reduction through facilitation of the reduction of nocturnal urine volume and salt content, in addition to urine temperature monitoring.
A New Observer‐Based Resilient Switching LPV Control Method for Spacecraft Fault‐Tolerant Attitude Tracking With Optimal L∞ Performance
Authors: Wang Hui , Nie Liang , Wu Xiaohan
Published: January 2025

The paper deals with the resilient attitude tracking problem for state‐unmeasurable spacecraft under actuator faults and time‐varying input delay by developing a new observer‐based switching linear parameter‐varying (SLPV) approach. First, the uncertain nonlinear dynamics of spacecraft rotational motion are modeled as a SLPV system, where a persistent dwell time (PDT) constraint is exploited for ruling the switching mechanism. Then, using the delay‐dependent multi‐Lyapunov functions method, a parameter‐dependent fault‐tolerant SLPV controller is proposed via constructing a state observer with the same switching mechanism. Thereby, the globally uniformly exponential stability (GUES) and disturbance attenuation performance of the established SLPV attitude system are achieved through solving finite linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the superiority of the developed control framework for spacecraft is validated v ia numerical example.
Development and validation of a multidimensional mental health screening questionnaire for pregnant women: A preliminary report
Authors: Kitamura Toshinori , Yamamoto Mami , Saito Tomomi , Hada Ayako , Tanke Ayumi , Usui Yuriko , Ishida Hiroko
Published: January 2025

Background

Mental health problems during pregnancy are multifaceted major health issues.

Aim

To develop and validate a short screening questionnaire that covers important domains including antenatal depression, tokophobia, fetal bonding disorder, suicidality, and emesis.

Methods

A total of 321 pregnant women who were less than 36 weeks gestation responded to a cross‐sectional web survey and filled in the 33‐item Dimensional Assessment of Mother Baby Organization Questionnaire (DAMBO Q33, available as an e‐book). Out of these women, 111 (35%) responded to our invitation to an online research interview (Dimensional Assessment of Mother Baby Organization‐Research Version). Using theory‐driven or cluster analysis‐driven categories of the five mental health domains as a gold standard, we identified the most powerful DAMBO Q33 questionnaire items for each domain and calculated psychometric properties of cut‐off points of the domain scores for the questionnaire, including sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. We proposed the best cut‐off value for each domain.

Results

We identified 11 DAMBO Q33 items as the best predictors for five mental health domains. The psychometric properties of the best cut‐off points were acceptable for each domain. By these cut‐off points, we could identify 57%, 19%, 100%, 46%, and 46% of true cases of antenatal depression, tokophobia, fetal bonding disorder, suicidality, and emesis, respectively. Positive cases of the five domains substantially coexisted with each other.

Conclusion

The final 11‐item questionnaire (DAMBO Q11) may be a useful screening tool for the five major mental health problems among pregnant women.
Prevalence of prescription medication use that can exacerbate heart failure among US adults with heart failure
Authors: Zheutlin Alexander R. , Jacobs Joshua A. , Niforatos Joshua D. , Chaitoff Alexander
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Heart failure (HF) affects more than 6 million adults in the United States, contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Despite advances in medical care, many medications can exacerbate HF, yet their prevalence of use remains unknown. This study examined the national use of prescription medications that could exacerbate HF in adults with self‐reported HF.

Methods

We analyzed data from US adults with self‐reported HF in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to March 2020. Medications known to exacerbate HF, identified from HF guidelines, were documented through pill bottle reviews. Weighted estimates were used to calculate prevalence overall and by sex, race and ethnicity, and level of evidence for avoidance. Multivariable logistic regression models calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the use of these high‐risk medications by sex and race and ethnicity.

Results

A total of 687 participants, representing 5.2 million U.S. adults with HF after applying sampling weights, were included (mean age, 66.1 [95% CI 64.9, 67.4] years; 50.4% female [95% CI 45.9%, 55.0%]). Overall, 14.5% (95% CI 10.4%, 19.5%; n = 92) of adults with HF were prescribed at least one medication known to exacerbate HF, with the most common being diltiazem, meloxicam, and ibuprofen. Use of these medications was not significantly different by sex nor by race and ethnicity. Of these medications, 21.7% (95% CI 10.7%, 38.8%) had level A evidence warning against use, and 78.3% (95% CI 61.2%, 89.3%) had B level evidence.

Conclusion

Over one‐seventh of U.S. adults with HF were likely to have been prescribed medications that could exacerbate the condition, underscoring the need to optimize care. Reducing high‐risk medication use may mitigate HF exacerbations and improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Characterisation of Platelet Releasate Proteome in Relapsing‐Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Reveals Dysregulation of Inflammatory Signalling and Extracellular Vesicle Dynamics
Authors: Parsons Martin , O'Connell Karen , Szklanna Paulina , Weiss Luisa , Kenny Martin , Donnelly Aisling , Norris Jessica , Babyuk Yuri , O'Donoghue Lorna , Ní Áinle Fionnuala , McGuigan Christopher , Maguire Patricia B.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Multiple Sclerosis is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease characterised by blood‐brain barrier dysfunction and leukocyte infiltration into the CNS. Platelets are best known for their contributions to haemostasis, however, upon activation, platelets release an abundance of soluble and vesicular‐associated proteins, termed the platelet releasate (PR). This milieu contains numerous inflammatory and vasoactive proteins, that can attract leukocytes and alter endothelial permeability.

Experimental design

We aimed to characterise the PR of Relapsing‐Remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients, previously characterized regarding thrombin generation dynamics compared to healthy controls. We carried out LFQ proteomic profiling of the PR from 15 RRMS and 19 aged‐matched healthy controls.

Results

We identified 9 proteins increased and 16 proteins decreased in the PR of RRMS patients. Platelet/endothelial cell‐adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1) was uniquely found in healthy control PR and circulating levels of PECAM‐1 were significantly lower in RRMS patient samples. GO analysis revealed a strong link between altered proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Small EV levels were significantly reduced in RRMS PR compared to healthy PR and showed a negative correlation with PECAM‐1 levels in RRMS plasma.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Our findings suggest that platelet reactivity may be linked to disease activity, even in periods of disease remission.