bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A bi-objective model for designing a green closed-loop supply chain network in a petroleum complex considering transportation constraints: A case study
Authors: Vardan Fatemeh , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Hassan
Published: March 2024

Environmental concerns and operational costs leave companies no choice but to apply the approach of supply chain management considering both environmental and cost aspects. Meanwhile, the petroleum industry as a main industry plays a vital role in Iran’s economy as well as CO2 emissions. This paper aims to propose a new mixed integer linear programming model for a closed-loop supply chain network design in an Iranian petroleum complex. We consider a four-echelon supply chain network including input feed suppliers, primary petroleum manufacturers, secondary petroleum manufacturers, and customers. In addition, collection and recycling centers are also considered for products that have reached the end of their life. To close the problem to real-world conditions, we consider different technologies and different types of capacity for candidate petrochemical complexes and different types of vehicles for transportation. All types of vehicles have a given capacity and differ in terms of cost and CO2 emissions. Two objective functions are considered for simultaneous optimization, which include total expected cost and total CO2 emissions. The model's efficiency is validated based on data from a real case in the production and distribution chain of a petroleum complex in Iran. The result represents the conflict between the two objective functions and the proposed model provided several options as Pareto solutions for decision makers. Moreover, sensitivity analysis represents the effect of variations in the capacity of domestic refineries, the capacity of vehicles, and the capacity of secondary petrochemical complexes on two objective functions and the final values of decision variables. Specifically, we find that changes in the capacity of refineries, causes a 12% change in the value of the emitted CO2 but the total expected cost doesn’t change significantly. Finally, managerial insights are gained through the numerical results.
Contrasting nutrient strategies and thresholds in tropical forests revealed by whole ecosystem nutrient flux
Authors: Inagawa Takeshi , Riutta Terhi , Kho Khoon Lip , Majalap Noreen , Nilus Reuben , Malhi Yadvinder
Published: March 2024

Soil nutrients can limit productivity on highly weathered soils, but vegetation can adopt a range of strategies to maintain productivity under low nutrient supply. Using a full nutrient flux approach, we examine nutrient use strategies across nine old-growth and logged lowland moist tropical forests in Malaysian Borneo. Soil nutrient availability was a weak predictor of productivity. We explored the reasons for this by examining the vegetation biogeochemical cycles of five key macro- and micronutrients. For nitrogen (N), we found very little evidence of nutrient limitation. Four nutrients showed evidence of shifting strategies under limitation, with clear evidence for quantifiable thresholds below which compensation strategies were invoked and contrasting resource optimization strategies employed for each nutrient. For potassium (K), enhanced leaf resorption was the primary strategy for coping with supply limitation. For calcium, shifting stoichiometry was the primary strategy. For phosphorus (P), a combination of both enhanced resorption and shifting stoichiometry was observed. The strongest relationships were found for P and K, with old-growth forests at this site showing some limitation and logged forests having sufficient nutrient supply. This study reveals the potential of nutrient flux approaches to describe the multifaceted and non-linear relationship between soil nutrient supply and uptake, and biomass productivity.
Atmospheric CO2 inversion models overestimate northern extratropical land and ocean carbon uptake as assessed at background in-situ sites
Authors: Maity Suman , Patra Prabir , Chandra Naveen , Stephens Britton , Chevallier Frederic , Miller Scot , Gaubert Benjamin , Pandey Sudhanshu , Maksyutov Shamil , Johnson Matthew , Baker David , Liu Junjie , Liu Zhiqiang , Schuh Andrew , Crowell Sean , Basu Sourish , Takigawa Masayuki
Published: March 2024

Several aspects of the global biospheric carbon cycle are highly uncertain, including estimation of CO2 budgets at hemispheric scale by top-down inverse modelling approach. We use CO2 fluxes from a model intercomparison project (OCO-2_v10_MIP) that was conducted using long-term background station CO2 and total-column CO2 (XCO2) observations for the period 2015–2020. Total (ocean + land) CO2 flux and mean model-observed CO2 differences against 50 background sites exhibit statistically significant correlations for the northern and southern extra-tropics (latitude > 30o). Using these correlations, we define emergent constraints to calculate “best estimate” total CO2 fluxes. After correcting ocean fluxes and riverine carbon export, we estimate terrestrial CO2 fluxes or land carbon stockchange of -1.54 ± 1.18, -0.04 ± 1.11 and − 0.13 ± 0.27 PgC yr− 1 in the northern extra-tropics, tropics, and southern extra-tropics, respectively. These fluxes agree well with those based on national inventories and land surface observations, but suggest that CO2 inversion models generally overestimate northern extratropical uptake and tropical emissions.
A visual representation of the hand in the resting somatomotor regions of the human brain
Authors: Rassi Yara El , Handjaras Giacomo , Perciballi Cristina , Leo Andrea , Papale Paolo , Corbetta Maurizio , Ricciardi Emiliano , Betti Viviana
Published: March 2024

Hand visibility affects motor control, perception, and attention, as visual information is integrated into an internal model of somatomotor control. Spontaneous brain activity, i.e., at rest, in the absence of an active task, is correlated among somatomotor regions that are jointly activated during motor tasks. Recent studies suggest that spontaneous activity patterns do not only replay task activation patterns but also maintain a model of the statistical regularities (priors) of the body and environment, which may be used to predict upcoming behavior. We test whether spontaneous activity in the human somatomotor cortex is modulated by visual stimuli that display hands vs. non-hand stimuli and by the use/action they represent. We analyzed fMRI activity and multivariate pattern analysis to examine the similarity between spontaneous activity patterns and task-evoked patterns to the presentation of natural hands, robot hands, gloves, or control stimuli (food). In the left somatomotor cortex, we observed a stronger (multivoxel) spatial correlation between resting-state activity and natural hand picture patterns compared to other stimuli. We did not observe any task-rest similarity in the visual cortex. We conclude that spontaneous activity patterns in somatomotor brain regions code for the visual representation of human hands and their use.
Facilitators and barriers of HPV vaccination: a qualitative study in rural Georgia
Authors: Petagna Courtney N. , Perez Stephen , Hsu Erica , Greene Brenda M. , Banner Ionie , Bednarczyk Robert A. , Escoffery Cam
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination protects against HPV-associated cancers and genital warts. Healthy People 2030 goal for HPV vaccine uptake is 80%, but as of 2021, only 58.5% of adolescents are up to date in Georgia. The purpose of the study is to assess the attitudes, vaccine practices, facilitators, and barriers to receiving the HPV vaccine in southwest Georgia.
Methods
We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews with three different audiences (young adults, parents, and providers and public health professionals) guided by the P3 (patient-, provider-, practice-levels) model and used deductive coding approach. Young adults and parents were interviewed to assess their perceived benefits, barriers, and susceptibility of the HPV vaccine. Providers and public health professionals were interviewed about facilitators and barriers of patients receiving the HPV vaccine in their communities.
Results
Out of the 40 interviews: 10 young adults, 20 parents, and 10 providers and public health professionals were interviewed. Emerging facilitator themes to increase the uptake of the HPV vaccine included existing knowledge (patient level), providers’ approach to the HPV vaccine recommendations (provider level) and immunization reminders (practice level). Barrier themes were lack of knowledge around HPV and the HPV vaccine (patient level), need for strong provider recommendation and discussing the vaccine with patients (provider level), and limited patient reminders and information (practice level).
Conclusions
These interviews revealed key themes around education, knowledge, importance of immunization reminders, and approaches to increasing the HPV vaccination in rural Georgia. This data can inform future interventions across all levels (patient, provider, practice, policy, etc.) to increase HPV vaccination rates in rural communities.
Prognostic nutritional index predicts lateral lymph node metastasis and recurrence free survival in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Junbin , Gong Jinglin , Liu Hong , Zhou Wenwen , Cai Ming , Zhang Chengyao
Published: March 2024

Background
Preoperative hematological parameters are predictors of pathological features and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in various malignancies. However, comprehensive studies of preoperative indicators associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are scarce. The present study investigated the association between preoperative indicators and RFS in patients with PTC. Accordingly, we explored the clinical impact of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on lymph node metastasis and RFS in patients with PTC.
Methods
A total of 619 PTC patients were retrospectively reviewed between Jan 2013 and Dec 2017. Laboratory values were measured and calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to calculate the cutoff value. Univariate and multivariate analyses using the COX proportional hazard model were performed for RFS. The effects of PNI and age on RFS were investigated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Clinical characteristics and PNI were tested with the chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were conducted to evaluate the predictive value of PNI for lymph node metastasis.
Results
In the multivariate Cox analysis, age, PNI and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic indicators for RFS. The Kaplan-Meier method showed that the lower PNI group and age older than 55 years group displayed poor RFS. A low preoperative PNI was remarkably correlated with age, sex, extrathyroidal invasion, T stage, N stage and TNM stage. PNI was the only preoperative hematological indicator for lateral lymph node metastasis.
Conclusions
Among the preoperative hematological indicators, PNI may serve as a promising and effective predictor for RFS and lateral lymph node metastasis in PTC patients.
Analytic model of outer rib height for thin-walled cylindrical rings in Spin-Extrusion Forming processing
Authors: zhu zhengwu , Zhao Yixi , chen xinghan , yu zhongqi , li shuangli
Published: March 2024

Thin-walled cylindrical rings with outer cross ribs (TCROCR) have the advantages of lightweight, high stiffness, and high bearing capacity, which is widely used in aerospace equipment. Usually, these kinds of parts are split manufacturing with welding, and integrated manufacturing has received more attention now. Spin-extrusion forming (SEF) processing which draws inspiration from the principle of the gear-generating method is proposed and has been preliminarily applied. This method can improve rib height-width ratio and TCROCR can be formed efficiently and integrally. However, as a new method, how to design the target parts geometry and how to determine the rib limit height to meet the needs of the process still lacks systematic research. This article proposes an analytic model for predicting the rib height variation. The rib height of TCROCR is determined by two factors: one is the skin thickness reduction, which can be conveniently calculated based on the feeding amount of the feeding roll, and the other is the rib growth, which is caused by the material of the skin flowing towards the cavities. Therefore, the key to creating the analytic model is to obtain the material volume of the skin allocated to the longitudinal and transverse cavities, respectively. Utilizing Newton's second law, the proportion of material flowing into the transverse and longitudinal ribs can be correlated with the stress state of the skin, and the stress state during SEF processing can be calculated by the slab method and upper bound method. Then, the material flowing into the longitudinal ribs and transverse ribs can be obtained based on the principle of volume invariance, and the analytic model is established to predict the rib height variation. Subsequently, the accuracy of the analytic model is verified through experiments and simulations, and the growth patterns of rib height are detailed research.
Gaming the system: Tetromino-based covert channels and their impact on mobile security
Authors: Vasilellis Efstratios , Botsos Vasileios , Anagnostopoulou Argiro , Gritzalis Dimitris
Published: March 2024

Trojan droppers consistently emerge as formidable malware threats, particularly within the Android ecosystem. Traditional malware detection strategies focus on identifying payloads upon execution or intercepting malicious downloads from compromised sources. Despite rigorous efforts to fortify network defenses against such droppers, these measures inadvertently highlight the necessity for exploring unconventional infiltration methodologies. This study expands on covert channel attacks, proposing the utilizationof gaming platforms, notably the classic Tetris arcade game, as a novel vector for malicious payload delivery. Our methodology diverges from conventional network-based attacks by embedding malicious payloads within the game’s Tetromino pieces. Through a custom-made application that masquerades as a benign Tetris variant, we facilitate the delivery and execution of malicious payloads on target devices within 3 to 7 minutes. This process is enabled by integrating the Shikata-Ga-Nai polymorphic encoder, an autosuggestion algorithm and mapping Tetromino shapes to a Meterpreter payload, thereby innovating payload delivery via gameplay suggestions. Our work provides a novel covert channel attack methodology which merges gamification with malicious payload delivery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that introduces gamification and autosuggestion mechanisms for payload delivery. We present an in-depth analysis of the proposed attack, along with a number of countermeasures to mitigate such threats, emphasizing the importance of enhanced user awareness and prudent management of application permissions.
Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable Polyester/Natural Protein Electrospun Nanofiber with Wound Healing Activity
Authors: Wu Chin-San , Wang Shan-Shue , Wu Dung-Yi
Published: March 2024

The protein from black soldier fly larvae was used as a functional ingredient of a new fiber composite for wound scaffolding. Larvae protein powder (LP) was blended with biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and processed in an electrospinning machine using a coaxial feeding/mixing method to produce nanofibers approximately 100–350 nm in diameter. To improve the dispersion and interface bonding of various PCL/LP nanofiber components, a homemade compatibilizer, maleic anhydride-grafted poly(ε-caprolactone) (MPCL), was added to form MPCL/LP nanofibers. The structure, morphology, mechanical properties, water absorption, biocompatibility, wound healing, and biodegradability of PCL/LP and MPCL/LP nanofiber mats were investigated. The results showed enhanced adhesion in the MPCL/LP nanofiber mats compared to PCL/LP nanofiber mats; additionally, the MPCL/LP nanofibers exhibited better tensile strength at break of 0.7–2.2 and a Young's modulus of 9.0–22.8 MPa. Decomposition tests using a simulated body fluid revealed that the addition of LP enhanced the decomposition rate of both PCL/LP and MPCL/LP nanofiber mats and in vitro protein release. Cell proliferation and migration analysis indicated that PCL, MPCL, and their composites were biocompatible for fibroblast (FB) growth. Cell-cycle assays conducted by FBs on PCL/LP and MPCL/LP nanofiber samples showed normal cell growth distribution and biodegradability in a 30-day soil test. When the LP content was 20 wt.%, the degradation rate exceeded 50%. This suggests the potential of these materials as a new scaffold material and as a novel green nanofiber for environmental pollution reduction.
Epigenetic Control of Hyperuricemia and Gout by Gene Writer DNMT1 and RNA Editor ADAR1: Mechanism of Gout and Amyloid Dissolution in Down Syndrome
Authors: Tyagi Suresh C. , Smolenkova Irina , Zheng Yuting , Singh Mahavir
Published: March 2024

Although DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and RNA editor; ADAR triplications exist in Down syndrome (DS), their specific roles remain unclear. DNMT methylates DNA, yielding S-adenosine homocysteine (SAH), subsequently converted to homocysteine (Hcy) and adenosine by S-adenosine homocysteine (Hcy) hydrolase (SAHH). ADAR converts adenosine to inosine and uric acid. We hypothesized that targeting epigenetic regulators and RNA editor, and inhibiting Hcy and adenosine, could alleviate DS phenotype including the congenital heart disease (CHD). DS and wild type mice were treated with epigallocatechin gallate (EG), inhibitor of Hcy and adenosine. Specific substrate gel zymography identified matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)/A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) activities and MMP12/ADAMTS12 and MMP13/ADAMTS13 levels were assessed via gel zymography. Cardiac levels of DNMT1, ADAR, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), SAHH, and ten eleven translocator (TET2); hydroxy methylation; a gene eraser was measured. Calcium urate deposits in heart tissue suggested gout mechanism in DS. Robust amyloid fibers in DS mouse brain cortex were most likely dissolved by ADAMTS as its levels were elevated in tissues, with a corresponding decrease in TIMP1 in the EG group. It appears that triplication of down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) and cell adhesion molecule 1 (CAM1) fragment also help dissolve amyloid fibers, thus suggesting ADAMTS13/TIMP1 ratio could predict plaque dissolution. Our results indicate that cystathionine-β synthase (CBS) inhibitor as a potential therapy for amyloid dissolution.
Using a thermal gradient table to study plant temperature signalling and response across a temperature spectrum
Authors: Praat Myrthe , Jiang Zhang , Earle Joe , Smeekens Sjef , Zanten Martijn
Published: March 2024

Plants must cope with ever-changing temperature conditions in their environment. In many plant species, suboptimal high and low temperatures can induce adaptive mechanisms that allow optimal performance. Thermomorphogenesis is the acclimation to high ambient temperature, whereas cold acclimation refers to the acquisition of cold tolerance following a period of low temperatures. The molecular mechanisms underlying thermomorphogenesis and cold acclimation are increasingly well understood but neither signalling components that have an apparent role in acclimation to both cold and warmth, nor factors determining dose-responsiveness, are currently well defined. This can be explained in part by practical limitations, as applying temperature gradients requires the use of multiple growth conditions simultaneously, usually unavailable in research laboratories. Here we demonstrate that commercially available thermal gradient tables can be used to grow and assess plants over a defined and adjustable steep temperature gradient within one experiment. We describe technical and thermodynamic aspects and provide considerations for plant growth and treatment. We show that plants display the expected morphological, physiological, developmental and molecular responses that are typically associated with high temperature and cold acclimation. This includes temperature dose-response effects on seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, leaf development, hyponasty, rosette growth, temperature marker gene expression, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, ion leakage and hydrogen peroxide levels. In conclusion, thermal gradient table systems enable standardized and predictable environments to study plant responses to varying temperature regimes and can be swiftly implemented in research on temperature signalling and response.
Discovering non-associated pressure-sensitive plasticity models with EUCLID
Authors: Xu Haotian , Flaschel Moritz , De Lorenzis Laura
Published: March 2024

We extend EUCLID (Efficient Unsupervised Constitutive Law Identification and Discovery) – a data-driven framework for automated material model discovery – to pressure-sensitive plasticity models, encompassing arbitrarily shaped yield surfaces with convexity constraints and non-associated flow rules. The method only requires full-field displacement and boundary force data from one single experiment and delivers constitutive laws as interpretable mathematical expressions. We construct a material model library for pressure-sensitive plasticity models with nonassociated flow rules in four steps: (1) a Fourier series describes an arbitrary yield surface shape in the deviatoric stress plane; (2) a pressure-sensitive term in the yield function defines the shape of the shear failure surface and determines plastic deformation under tension; (3) a compression cap term determines plastic deformation under compression; (4) a non-associated flow rule may be adopted to avoid the excessive dilatancy induced by plastic deformations. In contrast to traditional parameter identification methods, EUCLID is equipped with a sparsity promoting regularization to restrain the number of model parameters (and thus modeling features) to the minimum needed to accurately interpret the data, thus achieving a compromise between model simplicity and accuracy. The convexity of the learned yield surface is guaranteed by a set of constraints in the inverse optimization problem. We demonstrate the proposed approach in multiple numerical experiments with noisy data, and show the ability of EUCLID to accurately select a suitable material model from the starting library.
Combining Chaotic Transformations and MachineLearning Algorithms: Evaluating ExplainableArtificial Intelligence Model Performance
Authors: Özkurt Cem
Published: March 2024

The presented research encompasses the synthesis of data analysis, machine learning, and principles of explainable artificial intelligence. The study investigates chaotic transformations that affect the performance and interpretability of artificial intelligence models in complex systems. Three different chaotic systems, including Lorenz, Chen, and Rossler, are used to transform features in the dataset. Subsequently, these transformed datasets are analyzed using various machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Decision Tree, and CatBoost. Performance metrics are calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of each combination. Based on these findings, the Rossler chaotic system and CatBoost algorithm yielded the best results. The effects of the transformed data on class labels are elucidated using different explainable artificial intelligence models including ELI5, DALEX, and SHAP. In ELI5 and SHAP models, the feature most influencing class labels is identified as the y column. In the DALEX model, the largest impact is observed in the z column. Future studies aim to enhance the understanding and predictive capabilities of the model by integrating more chaotic systems and machine learning algorithms. Additionally, investigating the robustness of the proposed approach across various datasets and problem domains will ensure broader applicability and reliability.
Topologically stable ergodicity breaking from emergent higher-form symmetries in generalized quantum loop models
Authors: Stahl Charles , Nandkishore Rahul , Hart Oliver
Published: March 2024

We present a set of generalized quantum loop models that provably exhibit topologically stable ergodicity breaking. These results hold for both periodic and open boundary conditions, and derive from a one-form symmetry (notably not being restricted to sectors of extremal one-form charge). We identify simple models in which this one-form symmetry can be emergent, giving rise to the aforementioned ergodicity breaking as an exponentially long-lived prethermal phenomenon. We unveil a web of dualities that connects these models, in certain limits, to models that have previously been discussed in the literature. We also identify nonlocal conserved quantities in such models, which correspond to patterns of system-spanning domain walls and are robust to the addition of arbitrary kk-local perturbations.
Management of a child with portopulmonal hypertension due to cavernous transformation of the portal vein and sple- norenal anastomosis
Authors: Emelyanchik E. Yu. , Volf N. G. , Cherkashina T. V. , Anikina E. A. , Naumenko I. Yu. , Antsiferova L. N. , Kuzminykh E. N.
Published: March 2024

A clinical case of the development of portopulmonary hypertension in a child after splenorenal anastomosis is presented. The surgical intervention was performed to correct the congenital malformation — cavernous transformation of the portal vein, which led to portal hypertension and varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach. In the long-term postoperative period, pulmonary arterial hypertension, hypersplenism with bilinear cytopenia, and moderate liver failure developed. Combined therapy provided a temporary improvement of the patient status, therefore, during subsequent surgery, the size of the anastomosis was changed. This led to a sustained decrease in pulmonary artery blood pressure and clinical improvement in the boy’s condition.
“Masks” of fever of unknown origin in children
Authors: Fayzullina R. M. , Samigullina N. V. , Victorov V. V.
Published: March 2024

The article presents an analysis of cases of hospitalized children with fever of unknown origin. Purpose: to study the nosological structure of the causes of fever of unknown genesis in hospitalized children.

   Material and methods: a retrospective analysis of the medical histories of children hospitalized in the pediatric department was carried out for 2022–2023. All children underwent a comprehensive laboratory and instrumental examination.

   Results: the largest proportion (43,9 %) were school-age children who, in addition to fever, had complaints of weakness (87,8 %) and decreased appetite (85,4 %). Anemia (51,2 %), acceleration of ESR (47,6 %) and an increase in C-reactive protein (45,1 %) were most often recorded in the analyses. The causes of fever of unknown origin in 65,9 % of children were infectious diseases, in 19,5 % — autonomic dysfunction syndrome with a violation of thermoregulation, in 6,1 % — systemic connective tissue diseases, in 4,9 % — oncological pathology, in 2,4 % — inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

   The results of the study can be applied in pediatric practice, monitoring of children with infectious pathology.
Designing and modeling of a new MSMA vibration energy transducer
Authors: Luping Wang , Jing Yang , Yunhong Gao
Published: March 2024

The conversion of mechanical vibrational energy into electrical energy to power wireless electronic devices using the smart material magnetic shape memory alloy (MSMA) has garnered substantial attention. This paper presents a vibration energy transducer founded on the inverse effect of MSMA, elucidating the principle of power generation. The variations in martensite and magnetic domain characteristics within MSMA were analyzed, and a constitutive model was established for the MSMA vibration energy transducer, integrating the thermodynamic theory of the Gibbs free energy function. Although this model performs well in predicting experimental outcomes, it falls short in capturing all features of the experimental data. To comprehensively encompass these features, the PSO-XGBoost machine learning approach was introduced to train the experimental data by incorporating factors such as stress, magnetic field, and induced voltage. An experimental prototype of the MSMA vibration energy transducer is fabricated, and the predictions of both models are compared with the collected experimental data, validating the accuracy of the model and indicating the enhanced effectiveness of machine learning methods in prediction. This research not only validates the correctness of the models but also emphasizes the potential for more precise predictions using machine learning methods, thereby establishing a robust foundation for the thorough study and broader application of MSMA vibration energy transducers.
Supraclavicular Artery Flap “its weightage in reconstructing burn neck contracture”
Authors: CHAUDHRY Z A , BASHIR M M , SULTAN T , KHAN F A
Published: March 2024

Back ground: Flexion contractures of neck are a common sequel of deep burns. Severity varies from discrete linear bands to severe Labiomentosternal contractures leading to functional and cosmetic impairment. Use of local flaps can produce best restoration of form and function. Objectives: This study was meant to analyze clinical utility, advantages and any complications specific to islanded supraclavicular artery flap. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive study carried out at department of plastic and reconstructive surgery Mayo hospital Lahore between January 2005 and November 2006. Ten patients presenting with neck contractures with-out evidence of trauma in supraclavicular fossae, shoulder and deltoid region were included in the study. History and physical examination details including extent of contracture and cosmetic impairment were endorsed. Essential preoperative workup was done accordingly including assessment by anesthetist. Results: Ten patients with varying severity of neck contractures were included in the study. Age range was 15-35 years. Average hospital stay was 10 days. Five patients had severe labiomentosternal contractures. Eight patients reported neck wound appearing excellent at 6 months postoperatively. In contrast donor area appearance was reported satisfactory by 7 and poor by 3 patients at 6 months. Functional consequences were most with 6 patients having full range of motion (ROM) and 4 patients having limited but satisfactory ROM. There is no reported recurrence so far. Conclusion: Supraclavicular artery based islanded fasciocutaneous flap is a reliable reconstructive tool ideally suited to cover defects in the region of neck to restore form and function.
Comparison of Patterns of Lipid Profile in Type-2 Diabetics and Non- Diabetics
Authors: FIRDOUS S , KHAN M Z
Published: March 2024

Objective: To determine the commonest pattern of lipid profile in type 2 diabetics presenting in Mayo hospital and to compare it with non-diabetics. Study design: It was a comparative study. Place: It was conducted in all medical wards, medical OPD and patients seen in emergency. Material and method: Patients were selected according to inclusion criteria. After sampling for all relevant investigations, results were expressed after applying Chi-square test. Results: Serum cholesterol> 240mg/dl seen in 25% diabetics and 11 % non-diabetics (p
A Prospective Study of Post anaesthesia Recovery Room Complications: Incidence and Treatment
Authors: SIDDIQI K J , KHAN F A
Published: March 2024

Objectives: To audit the incidence and nature of post-anesthesia recovery room complications, their treatment and review the role of recovery room in modern anesthetic practice. Methods: 3151 patients who received general or regional anaesthesia were admitted to the recovery room during six months period (August 01, 1995 to January 31, 1996). Information noted on forms by recovery nurse by encircling the pre coded complication. Result: Out of 3151 patients, 2716 patient's data forms could be collected. Therefore results reflect 86% of the patients passing through the recovery. The overall incidence of complications in our population was 36.26%.Complications referable to CNS were 52.29%, the commonest of which was pain[51.26%], agitation (0.18%) and excessive drowsiness (1.01%).The second commonest system was GIT(25.07%) nausea (14.31%) and vomiting (12.18%). The third system was CVS (21.52%), bradycardia (5.48%), tachycardia (7.61%), hypertension (4.26%), hypotension (2.53%) ,myocardial ischaemia (0.81%) myocardia infarction (0.10%) and new arrhythmias (1.41%).The fourth system was Respiratory system (5.58%), hypoventilation (1.42%), bronchospasm (0.81%), and Desaturation (Sp02 < 90%) in (0.1%).0.6% patients had to be re-intubated. Two patients had oliguria. Miscellaneous complications were (9.94%). More than one complication was observed in some patients. The incidence of mortality in our study during this period was 0.10%. Conclusion: Every third patient is susceptible to get some form of complications in the immediate post-anesthesia recovery period. It reflects the importance and need of a specialized designated area called recovery room with qualified staff.
Frequency of Diabetes Mellitus in Thalassemia Major Patients in Thalassemia Center, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore
Authors: Khan Hafiza Anam Saleem , Mahmood Fatima , Hotiana Naveed Akbar , Anwar Asma , Iftikhar Maria , Tahira Beenish
Published: March 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a significant complication in individuals with thalassemia major (TM),(1) yet the underlying mechanisms and risk factors are not yet completely understood. Aim of this study is to investigate the frequency and associated factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Thalassemia Major patients and describing relationship between genetic predisposition, iron overload and metabolic dysfunction. Objectives: Determining the frequency of Diabetes Mellitus among Thalassemia Major patients presenting at the Thalassemia Center, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Additionally, the study aims to describe demographic factor, clinical parameters and family history profiles associated with the presence of DM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2023 to October 2023, involving data collection from medical records of Thalassemia Major patients over a three-month period. Demographic characteristics, including age and gender; clinical parameters such as the number of blood transfusions; and family history profiles of thalassemia and Diabetes Mellitus wereanalyzed. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests, was used to assess associations and significance levels. Results: The study included 129 Thalassemia Major patients, with a majority falling within the 5-11 years age group (70%) and a slight predominance of males (56%). There wer no significant associations upon analysis between age, gender, or the number of blood transfusions and DM. There was a significant correlation between positive family history of thalassemia (p = 0.0047) and Diabetes Mellitus (p = 0.0026) with the presence of Diabetes Mellitus among Thalassemia Major patients. Conclusion: Despite the lack of significant associations with demographic and clinical parameters, the findings emphasize the need for targeted screening and intervention strategies for high-risk individuals. (2)
Response of climate change and land use land cover change on catchment-scale water balance components: a multi-site calibration approach
Authors: Kumar Shashi Bhushan , Mishra Ashok , Dash Sonam Sandeep
Published: March 2024

The present study focused on evaluating the separate and combined response of land use land cover and climate change (CC) on future water balance components of a Subarnarekha River basin, spanning between the latitudes 21°33′N–23°18′N and longitudes 85°11′E–87°23′E, situated in the eastern India. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool is used for single-site calibration and multi-site calibration (MSC) of the model to characterize the future water balance components of the basin using the Cellular Automata-Markov model and climate projections under two representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (4.5 and 8.5). The findings indicate that the model parameters obtained through MSC better represent spatial heterogeneity, making it the preferred calibration approach for model simulations. In the middle region of the basin, future annual water yield, groundwater recharge (GWR), and streamflow showed a reduction, respectively, by 46–47%, 29–30%, and 13–15%, while evapotranspiration showed an increase by 5–7% following projected CC under both RCP scenarios. The findings are relevant for policy-makers to mitigate the adverse effects of reduced GWR for sustainable water resources management. Future research may integrate reservoir operation frameworks to effectively address the water management issues of the basin.
Evaluation of UVLED disinfection for biofouling control during distribution of wastewater effluent
Authors: Randall Tara , Shlomo Inbar , Wells Emma , Real Breanna , Ma Ben , Linden Yarrow , Gamboa Jasmine , Friedler Eran , Linden Karl G.
Published: March 2024

A commercially available UVLED flow-through device, operating at 40 mJ/cm2, was examined for biofilm control on irrigation pipe material fed by wastewater effluent. Biofouling was monitored through total coliform counts, crystal violet (CV) staining, and ATP analyses. A UV fluence of 40 mJ/cm2 at 280 nm retarded biofilm formation; however, complete biofilm prevention by UV treatment was not achieved despite a high inactivation of planktonic cells. After 5 days of the study, the total coliform and CV biofilm quantification assays between the UV-treated and control bioreactor coupons were not statistically different. The total coliform counts indicated a stable biofilm cell concentration was reached; the CV assay showed biofilm biomass accumulation with time. The ATP results revealed higher coupon ATP on the UV-treated coupons than the control coupons by day 5. The results provoke an interesting discussion surrounding the contribution of viable cells, represented by total coliforms, and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) to total biofilm biomass. This study also highlighted a need for further investigation into the relationship between ATP responses and complex UV-stress responses of diverse microbial communities as opposed to pure bacteria cultures.
Bibliometric analysis of global performance and trends of research on combined sewer overflows (CSOs) from 1990 to 2022
Authors: Yang Qingbang , Shen Chen , Li Zhonghong
Published: March 2024

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are one of the main sources of pollution in urban water systems and significantly impede the restoration of water body functionalities within urban rivers and lakes. To understand the research and frontier trends of CSOs comprehensively and systematically, a visual statistical analysis of the literature related to CSOs in the Web of Science core database from 1990 to 2022 was conducted using the bibliometric method using HistCite Pro and VOSviewer. The results reveal a total of 1,209 pertinent publications related to CSOs from 1990 to 2022, and the quantity of CSOs-related publications indicated an increasing trend. Investigations of the distribution and fate of typical pollutants in CSOs and their ecological effects on receiving waters and studies on pollution control technologies (source reduction, process control, and end-of-pipe treatment) are the current focus of CSOs research. CSOs pollution control technologies based on source reduction and the monitoring and control of emerging contaminants are at the forefront of scientific investigations on CSOs. This study systematically and comprehensively summarized current research topics and future research directions of CSOs, thus providing a reference for CSOs control and water environment management research.
Comunicação Inclusiva e Acessibilidade para o Turista Estrangeiro no Centro Histórico de João Pessoa
Authors: Franco Lis Vieira Araújo Silva , Madeira Amanda Sueli Pereira , Melo Alessandra Souza Queiroz , Oliveira Simone Neto de Santana , Vanzella Elídio
Published: March 2024

A acessibilidade começou a ser estudada pelas lentes do turismo nas últimas décadas, com um crescente reconhecimento da importância de tornar os destinos turísticos disponíveis para todos. A moderna mobilidade internacional tem impulsionado o desenvolvimento de novas soluções para, não apenas promover uma maior integração desses turistas com meio, mas também assegurar uma compreensão histórico-cultural, que é fundamental para o local. Sendo assim, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a comunicação do Centro Histórico de João Pessoa para atender à demanda turística internacional, a fim de verificar se a região possui recursos que promovam um turismo satisfatório para esse público. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com coleta de dados in loco, utilizou-se de técnica de observação estruturada em dez atrativos do Centro Histórico, além de entrevista não-estruturada com respectivos colaboradores. Com base na análise dos dados coletados, concluiu-se que a situação comunicacional no centro histórico de João Pessoa não atende às necessidades dos turistas internacionais. A falta de placas e sinais traduzidos, a falta de guias bilíngues e o pouco uso de recursos digitais podem comprometer experiência do turista, já que se tornar mais difícil de obter informações. Melhorias nessas áreas são necessárias para tornar o turismo em João Pessoa mais inclusivo e acessível para o público estrangeiro.
Acta Memoriae
Authors: Novoa Francisco
Published: March 2024

Durante el año 2023, la Licenciatura en Filosofía de la Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción llevó a cabo diversas actividades académicas y formativas con el objetivo de proporcionar una educación integral y de calidad a sus estudiantes. Estas incluyeron seminarios, talleres, defensas de grado, coloquios, conferencias y otros eventos que abordaron tanto los clásicos como los debates contemporáneos en filosofía, promoviendo habilidades críticas, analíticas e investigativas, así como una actitud reflexiva y comprometida con la búsqueda de la verdad y el bien común. Destacaron las Jornadas de Filosofía, seminarios especializados, presentación de la revista estudiantil Inmanere, coloquios nacionales e internacionales, charlas de expertos y actividades de extensión comunitaria, todas las cuales contribuyeron al desarrollo de pensadores autónomos y al progreso social.
Remedial Dosing Recommendations for Sirolimus Delayed or Missed Dosages
Caused by Poor Medication Compliance in Pediatric Tuberous Sclerosis
Complex Patients
Authors: Yang Yang , Jiang Lei , Zhu Hai-Rong , Sun Wen-Xin , Mao Jing-Yu , Miao Jing-Wen , Wang Yi-Chen , He Su-Mei , Wang Dong-Dong , Chen Xiao
Published: March 2024

Background::

Delayed or missed dosages caused by poor medication compliance significantly affected
the treatment of diseases in children.

Aims::

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of delayed or missed dosages on sirolimus pharmacokinetics
(PK) in pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) patients and to recommend remedial dosages
for nonadherent patients.

Methods::

A published sirolimus population PK model in pediatric TSC patients was used to assess the influence
of different nonadherence scenarios and recommend optimally remedial dosages based on Monte Carlo simulation.
Thirteen nonadherent scenarios were simulated in this study, including delayed 2h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10
h, 12 h, 14 h, 16 h, 18 h, 20 h, 22 h, 23.5 h, and missed one dosage. Remedial dosing strategies contained
10-200% of scheduled dosages. The optimal remedial dosage was that with the maximum probability of returning
the individual therapeutic range.

Results::

For delayed or missed sirolimus dosages in pediatric TSC patients, when the delayed time was 0-8 h,
8-10 h, 10-18 h, 18-22.7 h, 22.7-24 h, 70%, 60%, 40%, 30%, 20% scheduled dosages were recommended to
take immediately. When one dosage was missed, 120% of scheduled dosages were recommended at the next
dose.

Conclusion::

It was the first time to recommend remedial dosages for delayed or missed sirolimus therapy
caused by poor medication compliance in pediatric TSC patients based on Monte Carlo simulation. Meanwhile,
the present study provided a potential solution for delayed or missed dosages in clinical practice.
A Phase I Clinical Study of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Prusogliptin
Tablets in Subjects with Mild to Moderate Hepatic Insufficiency and Normal
Liver Function
Authors: Zhang Huiting , Bian Yicong , Zhao Weifeng , Miao Liyan , Zhang Hua , Cui Juanjuan , Zhang Xiaofang , Zhang Xueyuan , Cai Wen
Published: March 2024

Background:

Prusogliptin is a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor. In different animal models, Prusogliptin
showed potential efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, the knowledge of its pharmacokinetics
and safety in patients with liver dysfunction is limited.

Objectives:

The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of Prusogliptin in subjects with mild
or moderate hepatic impairment compared with healthy subjects.

Methods:

According to the liver function of the subjects, we divided them into a mild liver dysfunction group,
a moderate liver dysfunction group and a normal liver function group. All subjects in three groups received a
single oral dose of Prusogliptin 100-mg tablets. Pharmacokinetics and safety index collection was carried out
before and after taking the drug. Plasma pharmacokinetics of Prusogliptin were evaluated, and geometric least-
-squares mean (GLSM) and associated 90% confidence intervals for insufficient groups versus the control
group were calculated for plasma exposures.

Results:

After a single oral administration of 100 mg of Prusogliptin tablets, the exposure level of Prusogliptin
in subjects with mild liver dysfunction was slightly higher than that in healthy subjects. The exposure level of
Prusogliptin was significantly increased in subjects with moderate liver dysfunction. There were no adverse
events in this study.

Conclusion:

The exposure level of Prusogliptin in subjects with liver dysfunction was higher than that in
healthy subjects. No participant was observed of adverse events. Prusogliptin tablets were safe and well tolerated
in Chinese subjects with mild to moderate liver dysfunction and normal liver function.