bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception of dental students on risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Botta A. C. , Presoto C. D. , Wajngarten D. , Campos J. A. D. B. , Garcia P. P. N. S.
Published: February 2018

Objective

To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Job Factors Questionnaire, and the influence of gender, academic level and pain/discomfort on dental students’ perception regarding risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders.

Methods

One hundred forty‐five dental students from Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine participated voluntarily in this study. The survey was organised in two sections: (i) Job Factors Questionnaire with 15 items that evaluated students’ perceptions about job/study environmental risk factors and their potential contribution to musculoskeletal disorders. The tri‐factorial structure (repetitiveness, work posture and external factors) was used; (ii) Part of the Nordic Questionnaire with questions referring to 9 body areas: Neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, lower back, wrists/hands, hips, knees and ankles/feet. Students answered if they have had a job‐related pain/discomfort in any of these body areas in the previous 12 months. The data were evaluated statistically by confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validities, internal consistency and Z‐test (α = .05).

Results

The tri‐factorial structure was considered valid and reliable for the sample after excluding item 8 and inserting correlations between items 11 and 12, and between 14 and 15. The academic level presented a significant effect on the factors “Work Posture” (P = .02) and “External Factors” (P = .01). Most of the students reported pain in their neck (73.79%), lower back (62.06%) and shoulders (53.10%) in the previous 12 months.

Conclusion

The Work Posture and External Factors were influenced only by academic level. The lower the students’ academic level, the higher their perception for both factors of musculoskeletal disorders.
How to critically appraise a paper
Authors: Pinchbeck G. L. , Archer D. C.
Published: February 2018

Critical appraisal skills enabling assessment of the validity and importance of evidence are essential for clinicians to make informed decisions regarding what new information should be incorporated into their clinical practice. This review highlights key points to consider in a critical review concentrating on common study designs used in the equine literature.
Making a difference: Language teaching for intercultural and international dialogue
Authors: Byram Michael , Wagner Manuela
Published: February 2018

Language teaching has long been associated with teaching in a country or countries where a target language is spoken, but this approach is inadequate. In the contemporary world, language teaching has a responsibility to prepare learners for interaction with people of other cultural backgrounds, teaching them skills and attitudes as well as knowledge. This article presents the main concepts involved in this view of language teaching: the notion of culture, the language‐culture nexus, and intercultural competence. It also explains the implications of the approach in terms of the skills, attitudes, and knowledge that should be taught. The article goes further: It argues that language teaching needs to be linked to other disciplines in order to develop an approach that integrates insights from citizenship education. All of this has implications for teachers’ professional identity and for cooperation across the curriculum.
Ligneous cervicitis and endometritis: A gynaecological presentation of congenital plasminogen deficiency
Authors: Baithun M. , Freeman‐Wang T. , Chowdary P. , Kadir R. A.
Published: February 2018

Background

Congenital plasminogen deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive condition. Plasminogen deficiency is thought to result in an inability of fibrin breakdown and therefore accumulation of fibrin and formation of ligneous changes. Ligneous lesions can form on a number of mucosal membranes including the cervix and endometrium.

Methods

We report the case of a 25‐year‐old woman with type 1 plasminogen deficiency with ligneous cervicitis and endometritis and her treatment and clinical course over the last few years. We then review the current literature of ligneous cases of the female genital tract and discuss available treatment options.

Key results

We found 30 reported cases of ligneous lesions affecting the female genital tract, with the cervix being the most affected part. A number of treatment options have been tried by our patient and other cases in the literature. These include use of the combined oral contraceptive pill, fresh frozen plasma infusion, topical plasmin and plasminogen and trial use of plasminogen concentrate.

Conclusions

This is a chronic condition requiring a multidisciplinary approach. There is currently no definitive treatment for the condition, current trials with plasminogen concentrate replacement therapy may provide a promising option for these patients in the future.
Clinical trials and registries in haemophilia: Opponents or collaborators? Comparison of PUP data derived from different data sources
Authors: Keipert C. , Jonker C. J. , van den Berg H. M. , Hilger A.
Published: February 2018

Introduction

The “Guideline on the clinical investigation of recombinant and human plasma‐derived factor VIII products” (ClinGL) provides the requirements for the performing of clinical trials (CTs) for marketing authorization in Europe. The number of eligible previously untreated patients (PUPs) for CTs might be difficult to meet because of the concurrent development of FVIII concentrates, and additional data sources must be explored.

Aim

The extent to which CTs and the PedNet registry met relevant parameters, identified in the ClinGL, as well as inhibitor incidences were investigated in patients from both sources.

Methods

Anonymized data of eight CTs in 369 PUPs performed from 1987 to 2009 were compared with each other and with 632 PUPs (born 2000‐2009) from PedNet.

Results

Clinical trials in PUPs performed for marketing authorization were too heterogeneous in their investigated parameters; therefore, a comparison of single factor concentrates was not possible. Data collection in PedNet met relevant parameters required for PUPs in accordance with the ClinGL. The overall inhibitor incidences were comparable (CT = 30.9% vs PedNet = 30.6%) when only severe haemophilia A (HA) patients from both data sources were considered.

Conclusions

Previously performed CTs in PUPs were divergent, which prevented a direct comparison of outcomes. However, this study demonstrated that data from CTs and carefully designed registries may complement each other in the establishing of sufficient safety information for single products to improve clinical insights and support regulatory decisions.
Nephrotic syndrome complicated with femoral vein catheter‐related phlegmasia cerulea dolens: A case report
Authors: Chen Wen‐Chun , Ou Shuo‐Ming
Published: February 2018

Nephrotic syndrome is a well‐known risk factor of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Catheter‐related DVT under the setting of nephrotic syndrome may be presented as a more fulminant form, phlegmasia cerulea dolens. Phlegmasia cerulea dolens may lead to severe obstruction of venous drainage of the extremities and presents with compartment syndrome that impairs arterial perfusion. Aggressive management with thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy are considered with simultaneous anticoagulant treatment.
Immersion‐enhanced fluid redistribution can prevent intradialytic hypotension: A prospective, randomized, crossover clinical trial
Authors: Doenyas‐Barak Keren , Garra Nedal , Beberashvili Ilia , Efrati Shai
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis patients. We used an immersion model to evaluate the role of reduced effective circulating volume, and to examine whether facilitated refilling can prevent IDH.

Methods: Ten male hemodialysis patients who had frequent episodes of IDH were randomized to a mid‐week “wet” or “dry” hemodialysis session, and subsequently underwent the other session in a crossover manner. The wet sessions were performed while immersed up to the neck in a 34 to 35°C bath, and the dry session was standard hemodialysis. Ultrafiltration goals were determined as the mean ultrafiltration during the 10 sessions preceding the first study session ± 10%.

Findings: Mean ultrafiltration was similar for the wet and dry sessions (2.99 ± 0.64 kg vs. 2.96 ± 0.74 kg). Symptomatic hypotension did not develop in any of the patients during the wet session, compared to 4 (40%) during the dry session. Systolic blood pressure adjusted to ultrafiltration was stable during the wet session, 0.22 mmHg/15 min (95% CI −0.27 to 0.70), P = 0.38, and significantly decreased during the dry session, −0.68 mmHg/15 min (95%CI −1.24 to −0.11), P = 0.02. Diastolic blood pressure did not change during the sessions. Mean atrial natriuretic peptide significantly increased in the wet session, by 31.36 pgr/mL (95%CI 8.73–53.99), P = 0.007, and slightly and insignificantly decreased in the dry session, by 21.66 pgr/mL (95% CI −52.59 to 9.25), P = 0.167. Aldosterone blood levels did not change.

Discussion: Reduced effective circulating volume is a major cause for IDH, which can be prevented using head‐out water immersion facilitated redistribution.
Clinical nursing and midwifery research in Latin American and Caribbean countries: A scoping review
Authors: Iribarren Sarah , Stonbraker Samantha , Larsen Brandon , Santos Islane , Faria Renata , Góes Fernanda S. N. , Binfa Lorena , Larson Elaine
Published: February 2018

Aim

To identify and describe published, nursing‐led and midwifery‐led, clinical research that has been conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Background

Peer‐reviewed published research may correspond to and elucidate country's realities, priorities, and needs.

Design

A 6‐stage scoping review methodology was used to search scientific databases using an applied search strategy.

Data Sources

Five databases were searched for articles published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese conducted in a Latin American or Caribbean country between January 1, 2006 and June 14, 2016.

Review Methods

Articles were independently considered for inclusion by 2 researchers, data extracted, and study characteristics described.

Results

Of 6922 articles identified, 404 were included. The majority were conducted in Brazil (90.6%) followed by Chile (2.5%). Most were nurse‐led (95.8%) and were implemented in hospitals (48.6%). Studies frequently explored patient knowledge or characterized patient populations (61.3%) and commonly assessed chronic disease (19.3%) or maternity/child health outcomes (15.9%).

Conclusion

Findings revealed a large number of publications but an uneven geographical distribution of nurse‐led clinical research and an evident gap of midwifery‐related research in Latin America and the Caribbean. Results may be used to build research agendas to promote nursing and midwifery research capacity and further establish evidence‐based practice.
Human blood MAIT cell subsets defined using MR1 tetramers
Authors: Gherardin Nicholas A , Souter Michael NT , Koay Hui‐Fern , Mangas Kirstie M , Seemann Torsten , Stinear Timothy P , Eckle Sidonia BG , Berzins Stuart P , d'Udekem Yves , Konstantinov Igor E , Fairlie David P , Ritchie David S , Neeson Paul J , Pellicci Daniel G , Uldrich Adam P , McCluskey James , Godfrey Dale I
Published: February 2018

Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent up to 10% of circulating human T cells. They are usually defined using combinations of non‐lineage‐specific (surrogate) markers such as anti‐TRAV1‐2, CD161, IL‐18Rα and CD26. The development of MR1‐Ag tetramers now permits the specific identification of MAIT cells based on T‐cell receptor specificity. Here, we compare these approaches for identifying MAIT cells and show that surrogate markers are not always accurate in identifying these cells, particularly the CD4+ fraction. Moreover, while all MAIT cell subsets produced comparable levels of IFNγ, TNF and IL‐17A, the CD4+ population produced more IL‐2 than the other subsets. In a human ontogeny study, we show that the frequencies of most MR1 tetramer+ MAIT cells, with the exception of CD4+ MAIT cells, increased from birth to about 25 years of age and declined thereafter. We also demonstrate a positive association between the frequency of MAIT cells and other unconventional T cells including Natural Killer T (NKT) cells and Vδ2+ γδ T cells. Accordingly, this study demonstrates that MAIT cells are phenotypically and functionally diverse, that surrogate markers may not reliably identify all of these cells, and that their numbers are regulated in an age‐dependent manner and correlate with NKT and Vδ2+ γδ T cells.
Developmental endothelial locus‐1 (Del‐1) antagonizes Interleukin‐17‐mediated allergic asthma
Authors: Yan Shu , Chen Li , Zhao Qi , Liu Ya‐Nan , Hou Rui , Yu Jing , Zhang Hong
Published: February 2018

Interleukin (IL)‐17 is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Developmental endothelial locus‐1 (Del‐1) is an endothelial cell‐secreted protein known to inhibit IL‐17 expression. However, little is known about the association between Del‐1 and IL‐17 in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood samples collected from allergic asthmatic patients and controls, we explored the role of Del‐1 in relation to IL‐17 in allergic asthma. We found that the negative correlation between Del‐1 and IL‐17 was significant in BALF of allergic asthmatics. Del‐1 treatment inhibited the expression of IL‐17, the differentiation of IL‐17‐secreting leukocytes and associated cytokines. Contrarily, IL‐17 levels were increased after treatment with anti‐Del‐1 mAb. Consistent with this, Del‐1 treatment led to downregulation of IL‐5, CCL5 and IL‐4, thus reducing secretion of eosinophil cationic protein. Furthermore, Del‐1 significantly downregulated the expression of ICAM‐1 and may have the potential to reduce leukocyte transendothelial migration. Our data demonstrate that Del‐1 can negatively regulate IL‐17 and its proinflammatory function, thereby limiting airway inflammation in allergic asthmatics, and suggest Del‐1 as a potential candidate for prevention and treatment of allergic asthma.
The Use of Prior Information in Very Robust Regression for Fraud Detection
Authors: Riani Marco , Corbellini Aldo , Atkinson Anthony C.
Published: February 2018

Misinvoicing is a major tool in fraud including money laundering. We develop a method of detecting the patterns of outliers that indicate systematic mis‐pricing. As the data only become available year by year, we develop a combination of very robust regression and the use of ‘cleaned’ prior information from earlier years, which leads to early and sharp indication of potentially fraudulent activity that can be passed to legal agencies to institute prosecution. As an example, we use yearly imports of a specific seafood into the European Union. This is only one of over one million annual data sets, each of which can currently potentially contain 336 observations. We provide a solution to the resulting big data problem, which requires analysis with the minimum of human intervention.
Burnout in ER nurses: Review of the literature and interview themes
Authors: Abellanoza Adrian , Provenzano‐Hass Nicolette , Gatchel Robert J.
Published: February 2018

Burnout is especially disruptive among emergency room (ER) nurses. This report covers the influencing factors and outcomes related to burnout in ER nursing populations, with the goal of providing helpful information to a professional audience. The present article includes a literature review on burnout as it occurs in the ER. Interviews from a small sample of ER nurses (n = 5) are analyzed through a combination of deductive thematic analysis and computerized text analysis. Research from various related fields have been pooled together and briefly described. Experiences, comments, and recommendations concerning burnout collected from interviews seem to align with findings from empirical research, and recommendations given by interview nurses closely resemble the recommendations given by researchers. Sentiment analysis revealed a pattern of positive word use when the nurses discussed resources, and a pattern of negative word use when workload was discussed. A better understanding of burnout, both anecdotal and empirical, is valuable information for any professional who works in the ER. Many options exist for reducing or mitigating burnout, including interventions at the individual, team, and organizational levels. More involvement of ER nurses in burnout reduction strategies should be made a priority.
Effect of optical basicity on the stability of yttria‐stabilized zirconia in contact with molten oxy‐fluoride flux
Authors: Guo Jicheng , Villalon Thomas , Pal Uday , Basu Soumendra
Published: February 2018

Solid oxide membrane (SOM) electrolysis process can produce high‐purity silicon from SiO2 dissolved in molten oxy‐fluoride flux at elevated temperatures. Yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ), the preferred material for the oxygen‐conducting membrane for this application, is found to degrade over time upon exposure to the silica‐containing molten oxy‐fluoride flux. This YSZ degradation is caused by the acidity of the dissolved silica, especially when the optical basicity of the molten flux is lower than that of the yttria present in the YSZ membrane. To counteract this mismatch, the addition of CaO, a basic oxide, to the flux can adjust the optical basicity of the flux and successfully mitigate the YSZ membrane degradation. The detailed correlation between the rate of YSZ membrane degradation and the optical basicity of the flux is investigated by systematically testing a series of flux compositions. It is found that as the oxide optical basicity in the flux approaches that of the yttria in the YSZ, the degradation of the YSZ membrane is mitigated and essentially vanishes when the flux acidity with respected to the yttria is neutralized. This approach provides a guideline for eliminating membrane degradation during the production of silicon using the SOM electrolysis process.
Effect of thermal history on high‐valence chromium ion dissolution in merwinite (3CaO·MgO·2SiO2)
Authors: Suzuki Masanori , Umesaki Norimasa , Okajima Toshihiro , Tanaka Toshihiro
Published: February 2018

Solubility and local structure of transmission elements in calcium silicate compounds has not been well understood. We investigate the local structure of chromium ions dissolved in merwinite (3CaO·MgO·2SiO2) of a monoclinic crystal structure. The acceptance of doping elements into merwinite has not been reported before. We found that chromium ions are soluble in merwinite in air and that chemical valence of the dissolved Cr ions varies with annealing temperature. The absorption edge in the x‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) of Cr‐doped merwinite indicated that octahedrally coordinated Cr3+ions were mainly formed when annealed at 1673 K in air. A pre‐edge peak was also detected, indicating the existence of tetrahedrally coordinated high‐valence Cr ions. Conversely, through annealing of merwinite at 1123 K in air, tetrahedrally coordinated Cr6+ions were found to be the main form of chromium. XANES spectra simulated by first‐principle calculations were used to explain the structural features in the observed spectra. We propose the coexistence of Cr3+ions in octahedral Mg2+sites and high‐valence Cr ions in tetrahedral Si4+sites. In addition, a change in the chromium ion oxidation state in tetrahedral coordination sites was suggested by XANES spectroscopy of Cr‐doped merwinite synthesized at 1673 K and reannealed at 1123 K.
A RAndomized Trial to compare the acute reconnection after pulmonary vein ISolation with Laser‐BalloON versus radiofrequency Ablation: RATISBONA trial
Authors: Ücer Ekrem , Janeczko Yvette , Seegers Joachim , Fredersdorf Sabine , Friemel Selina , Poschenrieder Florian , Maier Lars Siegfried , Jungbauer Carsten Gerald
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Dormant conduction and acute reconnection in the pulmonary veins (PV) during a PV isolation can be detected by performing an adenosine provocation test (APT). Visually guided laser balloon ablation (VGLB) creates deep transmural lesions, thus causing less acute reconnection. This study compared the acute PV reconnection rate after isolation with VGLB or with RF using an APT.

Methods and results

Patients with paroxysmal AF were randomized to PVI with the VGLB or RF ablation. Each PV underwent an APT at least 20 minutes after successful isolation with injection of 18 mg adenosine. Primary endpoint was the difference between the two ablation methods regarding acute PV reconnection rate detected with APT. A total of 50 patients were randomized into the study (25 VGLB). The basic characteristics and mean procedure time were not different between the two groups. Note that 96% of the 97 targeted PVs in the VGLB group and 98% of the 96 targeted PVs in the RF group could be isolated (P  =  0.41). APT was performed at similar times (after 28 minutes in VGLB‐arm vs. after 31.5 minutes in RF‐arm; P  =  0.12). Significantly less PVs were reconnected during APT in the VGLB group than in the RF group (10 PV [10.8%] vs. 29 PV [30.9%]; P  =  0.001).

Conclusion

The acute PV reconnection rate is significantly less after PVI with VGBL than with RF. The clinical significance of this apparently better procedural efficiency of the VGBL ablation should be assessed with new randomized studies looking at AF recurrence.
The association of nocturnal hypertension and nondipping blood pressure with treatment‐resistant hypertension: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Irvin Marguerite R. , Booth John N. , Sims Mario , Bress Adam P. , Abdalla Marwah , Shimbo Daichi , Calhoun David A. , Muntner Paul
Published: February 2018

Apparent treatment‐resistant hypertension (aTRH), nocturnal hypertension, and nondipping blood pressure (BP) have shared risk factors. The authors studied the association between aTRH and nocturnal hypertension and aTRH and nondipping BP among 524 black Jackson Heart Study participants treated for hypertension. Nocturnal hypertension was defined by mean nighttime systolic BP ≥120 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥70 mm Hg. Nondipping BP was defined by mean nighttime to daytime systolic BP ratio >0.90. aTRH was defined by mean clinic systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg with three medication classes or treatment with four or more classes. The risk for developing aTRH associated with nondipping BP and nocturnal hypertension was estimated. After multivariable adjustment, participants with aTRH were more likely to have nocturnal hypertension (prevalence ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.39) and nondipping (prevalence ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.43). Over a median 7.3 years of follow‐up, nocturnal hypertension and nondipping BP at baseline were not associated with developing aTRH after adjustment.
Asymmetric sequential search under incomplete information
Authors: Minchuk Yizhaq , Sela Aner
Published: February 2018

We study a multistage sequential search model with n agents who compete for one job. The agents arrive sequentially, each one in a different stage. The agents' abilities, which are private information, are derived from heterogeneous distribution functions. In each stage, the designer chooses an ability threshold. If an agent has a higher ability than the threshold in the stage in which he arrives, he gets the job and the search is over. The agent's ability is not revealed when he wins the job and the designer has only an estimation of this ability according to the threshold placed by him. We analyze the optimal ability thresholds imposed by the designer who wishes to maximize the ability estimation of the agent who gets the job net of the search cost. We also investigate the relation between the optimal ability thresholds as well as the optimal order of agents in all stages according to the agents' distributions of abilities.
The Relevance of Circular Economy Practices to the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Schroeder Patrick , Anggraeni Kartika , Weber Uwe
Published: February 2018

This paper identifies the extent to which circular economy (CE) practices are relevant for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results of a literature review and a matching exercise to determine the relationship between CE practices and SDG targets show that CE practices, potentially, can contribute directly to achieving a significant number of SDG targets. The strongest relationships exist between CE practices and the targets of SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). The paper also explores synergies that can be created through CE practices among several of the SDG targets. Furthermore, it identifies several potential trade‐offs between targets for decent work, safe working environments, human health and current CE practices relating to recycling of municipal waste, e‐waste and wastewater, and provides suggestions how these can be overcome. The paper concludes that CE practices can be applied as a “toolbox” and specific implementation approaches for achieving a sizeable number of SDG targets. Further empirical research is necessary to determine which specific types of partnerships and means of implementation are required to apply CE practices in the SDG context.
Simultaneous measurement of quantum yield ratio and absorption ratio between acceptor and donor by linearly unmixing excitation–emission spectra
Authors: ZHANG C. , LIN F. , DU M. , QU W. , MAI Z. , QU J. , CHEN T.
Published: February 2018

Quantum yield ratio (QA/QD) and absorption ratio (KA/KD) in all excitation wavelengths used between acceptor and donor are indispensable to quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurement based on linearly unmixing excitation–emission spectra (ExEm‐spFRET). We here describe an approach to simultaneously measure QA/QD and KA/KD values by linearly unmixing the excitation–emission spectra of at least two different donor–acceptor tandem constructs with unknown FRET efficiency. To measure the QA/QD and KA/KD values of Venus (V) to Cerulean (C), we used a wide‐field fluorescence microscope to image living HepG2 cells separately expressing each of four different C–V tandem constructs at different emission wavelengths with 435 nm and 470 nm excitation respectively to obtain the corresponding excitation–emission spectrum (SDA). Every SDA was linearly unmixed into the contributions (weights) of three excitation–emission spectra of donor (WD) and acceptor (WA) as well as donor–acceptor sensitisation (WS). Plot of WS/WD versus WA/WD for the four C–V plasmids from at least 40 cells indicated a linear relationship with 1.865 of absolute intercept (QA/QD) and 0.273 of the reciprocal of slope (KA/KD), which was validated by quantitative FRET measurements adopting 1.865 of QA/QD and 0.273 of KA/KD for C32V, C5V, CVC and VCV constructs respectively in living HepG2 cells.
BALANCED VARIABLE ADDITION IN LINEAR MODELS
Authors: De Luca Giuseppe , Magnus Jan R. , Peracchi Franco
Published: February 2018

This paper studies what happens when we move from a short regression to a long regression in a setting where both regressions are subject to misspecification. In this setup, the least‐squares estimator in the long regression may have larger inconsistency than the least‐squares estimator in the short regression. We provide a simple interpretation for the comparison of the inconsistencies and study under which conditions the additional regressors in the long regression represent a “balanced addition” to the short regression.
A fetus coexisting with a complete hydatidiform mole with trisomy 9 of maternal origin
Authors: Kan Anita Sik Yau , Lau Elizabeth Tak Kwong , So Chun Hong , Chan Wan Pang , Wong Wing Cheuk , Lee Kam Cheong , Pertile Mark D. , Tang Mary Hoi Yin
Published: February 2018

A complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) coexisting with a viable fetus is a rare finding in pregnancies. Accurate diagnosis often relies on ultrasonographic, histopathological and molecular techniques in the definite diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, a liveborn fetus coexisting with CHM with trisomy 9 has not been described. The use of molecular genotyping and immunohistochemical laboratory investigations enabled the CHM to be fully characterized. Postzygotic diploidization of a triploid conception arising from dispermy is the proposed mechanism of its formation.
Microsatellite instability‐high endocervical serous carcinoma manifesting as pulmonary thromboembolism: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tsuge Shiori , Ueyama Chikara , Watanabe Kazuko , Nakamura Hiromi , Takeda Akihiro
Published: February 2018

A 53‐year‐old obese woman was referred because of sudden onset of dyspnea and chronic vaginal bleeding. In addition to severe anemia, multiple pulmonary emboli were identified. Pelvic imaging showed an irregular‐shaped mass in the region of the endocervix extending to the lower uterine segment. After successful anticoagulant therapy, followed by placement of an inferior vena cava filter, transabdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy were performed. An immunopathological study resulted in the diagnosis of endocervical serous carcinoma. After the identification of a high level of microsatellite instability (MSI), an immunohistochemical analysis of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins showed the isolated loss of PMS2. Germline testing of MMR genes showed no mutations, indicating that the high MSI had occurred as a result of sporadic isolated loss of the PMS2 gene expression.
Matter of the Manor
Authors: Mitchell Belinda , Fielder Karen
Published: February 2018

Buildings decay and mutate; they are made of hybrid assemblages of material sourced from near and far, “…emergent mosaics of various temporalities, collages of matter characterised by an incessant becoming” 1 . We are interested in the “continuity of process—that is with the perdurance or life expectancy of a thing, or how long it can be kept going” 2 . This thinking encourages us to shift away from a reading of historic buildings as objects analogous to documents inscribed with fixed histories to one where space, time, materials, and people are intertwined in an unfolding process. We are interested in matter as material as affective particles, atmospheres, spectral traces, gestures, and actions. We are interested in the disciplinary territory that lies in the overlap between interior design and conservation practice by focusing on ways of conceptualizing historic interiors as unfinished sites of experience that are loaded with affective capacity. The research aims to examine the representation of space from the inside out, through explorations of interiority and embodied practices and how we can rethink historic interiors. Taking the form of collages, our design work uses an uninhabited sixteenth–century timber–framed manor house as a case study. Here, we propose that the house is experienced all the more poignantly as it hangs in a transitional state prior to any program of restoration and reuse that aspires to implement a unifying scheme leading to a static end point.
Plasma N‐acylethanolamine and endocannabinoid levels in burning mouth syndrome: Potential role in disease pathogenesis
Authors: Barry Alison , O'Halloran Ken D. , McKenna Joseph P. , McCreary Christine , Harhen Brendan , Kerr Daniel M. , Finn David P. , Downer Eric J.
Published: February 2018

Objective

The objective was to measure endocannabinoid (eCB) ligands and non‐cannabinoid N‐acylethanolamine (NAE) molecules in plasma from individuals with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to determine whether plasma eCB/NAE levels correlated with pain, inflammation and depressive symptomatology in this cohort.

Study Design

Plasma content of the eCBs, anandamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoyl‐glycerol (2‐AG), and the NAE molecules, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were assessed in healthy subjects (n = 8) and in a cohort of newly diagnosed BMS patients (n = 9) using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma eCBs and NAE profiles were correlated with self‐rated oral cavity pain intensities, depressive symptomatology and plasma IL‐8 levels.

Results

Plasma levels of PEA, but not OEA, AEA or 2‐AG, were significantly elevated in patients with BMS, when compared to plasma from healthy individuals. Plasma PEA, OEA and AEA levels correlated with depressive symptomatology.

Conclusions

This is the first evidence to indicate that circulating eCB/NAE levels are altered in BMS.
Enhancement of oral bioavailability of magnolol by encapsulation in mixed micelles containing pluronic F127 and L61
Authors: Shen Hongxue , Liu Sheng , Ding Pinggang , Wang Lulu , Ju Jianming , Liang Guohui
Published: February 2018

Objectives

We aimed to prepare novel magnolol-loaded mixed micelles (MAG-M) by pluronic F127 and L61 to overcome the challenges of magnolol's poor solubility and then further improve its oral bioavailability.

Methods

Magnolol-loaded mixed micelles containing pluronic F127 and L61 were prepared by an organic solvent evaporation method. Physicochemical, transport experiment across Caco-2 cell monolayers and pharmacokinetic studies were performed to characterize MAG-M and to determine the final improvement of the oral bioavailability.

Key findings

The MAG-M solution was transparent and colourless with average size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of 228.0 ± 2.1 nm, 0.298 ± 0.012 and −0.89 ± 0.02 mV. The micelle solution has a higher EE% and DL% of 81.57 ± 1.49% and 27.58 ± 0.53%, respectively. TEM result showed that the morphology of MAG-M was homogeneous and spherical shape. The dilution stability of MAG-M was no significant change in particle size and entrapment efficiency. MAG was demonstrated a sustained-release behaviour after encapsulated in micelles. MAG permeability across a Caco-2 cell monolayer was enhanced, and the pharmacokinetics study of MAG-M showed a 2.83-fold increase in relative oral bioavailability compared with raw MAG.

Conclusions

The mixed micelles containing pluronic F127 and L61 as drug delivery system provided a well strategy for resolving the poor solubility and bioavailability problems of MAG.
From forest to city: Plant community change in northeast Ohio from 1800 to 2014
Authors: Flinn Kathryn M. , Mahany Tylor P. , Hausman Constance E.
Published: February 2018

Questions

This study compares the extent of habitat types, species composition of plant communities and abundance of individual tree species in northeast Ohio between 1800 and 2014. This comparison allows us to test hypotheses about the drivers of community change, including climate change, fire suppression and disturbance frequency, and to evaluate the impact of urbanization on biotic homogenization.

Location

Cuyahoga County, Ohio,USA.

Methods

Ranked timber observations from early land surveys were compared with vegetation plots throughout the Cleveland Metroparks system. We used ordination, cluster analysis and indicator species analysis to compare plant communities in the two time periods. We tested whether differences in species frequency and dominance from 1800 to 2014 depended on climate, fire and shade tolerance and life‐history strategy.

Results

In 1800, 94% of Cuyahoga County was forested, 5% wetlands and <1% open oak woods. Most forests in 1800 were dominated byFagus grandifolia(47%),Quercus(28%) orAcer(11%). At the community level, the largest changes from 1800 to 2014 were decreases in communities dominated byF. grandifoliaandQuercusand an increase in communities dominated byAcer.Fagus grandifolia,Castanea dentata,Tilia americanaandCaryadecreased in frequency, andAcer,Prunus serotinaandUlmusincreased. The best predictor of changes in frequency was life history; species with a ruderal strategy tended to increase. Climate, fire and shade tolerance did not predict changes in frequency. Plant communities in 2014 vegetation plots were more similar to each other than plant communities on the 1800 survey lines.

Conclusions

The urbanization of northeast Ohio led to regionally homogenous vegetation and plant communities in which ruderal species are frequent and dominant.
The Effects of the Complementary Compensation on Sickness Absence: an Approach Based on Collective Bargaining Agreements in France
Authors: Ben Halima Mohamed Ali , Koubi Malik , Regaert Camille
Published: February 2018

We take into account complementary sick leave compensation paid by the employer, in addition to Social Security, to re‐examine the link between non‐work‐related sickness absence and its compensation. We use matched employer–employee panel data based on the period 2005–2008 containing information on employees’ earnings, on their employers, their sick leave and their health care expenditure and a new data source describing the precise compensation scheme for each CBA. We consider three different sets of compensation variables and three different outputs and find each time a positive relationship between compensation and absence, except for executives for whom it is not significant.
Corporate security prices in structural credit risk models with incomplete information
Authors: Frey Rüdiger , Rösler Lars , Lu Dan
Published: February 2018

The paper studies derivative asset analysis in structural credit risk models where the asset value of the firm is not fully observable. It is shown that in order to determine the price dynamics of traded securities, one needs to solve a stochastic filtering problem for the asset value. We transform this problem to a filtering problem for a stopped diffusion process and apply results from the filtering literature to this problem. In this way, we obtain an stochastic partial differential equation characterization for the filter density. Moreover, we characterize the default intensity under incomplete information and determine the price dynamics of traded securities. Armed with these results, we study derivative assets in our setup: We explain how the model can be applied to the pricing of options on traded assets and we discuss dynamic hedging and model calibration. The paper closes with a small simulation study.
A Quantum‐Inspired Genetic Algorithm‐Based Optimization Method for Mobile Impact Test Data Integration
Authors: Zhao Wenju , Guo Shuanglin , Zhou Yun , Zhang Jian
Published: February 2018

The traditional impact test method needs a large number of sensors deployed on the entire structure, which cannot meet the requirements of rapid bridge testing. A new mobile impact test method is proposed by sequentially testing the substructures then integrating the test data of all substructures for flexibility identification of the entire structure. The novelty of the proposed method is that the quantum‐inspired genetic algorithm (QIGA) is proposed to improve computational efficiency by transforming the scaling factor sign determination problem to an optimization problem. Experimental example of a steel–concrete composite slab and numerical example of a three‐span continuous rigid‐frame bridge are studied which successfully verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Insight on specificity of uracil permeases of the NAT/NCS2 family from analysis of the transporter encoded in the pyrimidine utilization operon of Escherichia coli
Authors: Botou Maria , Lazou Panayiota , Papakostas Konstantinos , Lambrinidis George , Evangelidis Thomas , Mikros Emmanuel , Frillingos Stathis
Published: February 2018

The uracil permease UraA of Escherichia coli is a structurally known prototype for the ubiquitous Nucleobase‐Ascorbate Transporter (NAT) or Nucleobase‐Cation Symporter‐2 (NCS2) family and represents a well‐defined subgroup of bacterial homologs that remain functionally unstudied. Here, we analyze four of these homologs, including RutG of E. coli which shares 35% identity with UraA and is encoded in the catabolic rut (pyrimidine utilization) operon. Using amplified expression in E. coli K‐12, we show that RutG is a high‐affinity permease for uracil, thymine and, at low efficiency, xanthine and recognizes also 5‐fluorouracil and oxypurinol. In contrast, UraA and the homologs from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Aeromonas veronii are permeases specific for uracil and 5‐fluorouracil. Molecular docking indicates that thymine is hindered from binding to UraA by a highly conserved Phe residue which is absent in RutG. Site‐directed replacement of this Phe with Ala in the three uracil‐specific homologs allows high‐affinity recognition and/or transport of thymine, emulating the RutG profile. Furthermore, all RutG orthologs from enterobacteria retain an Ala at this position, implying that they can use both uracil and thymine and, possibly, xanthine as substrates and provide the bacterial cell with a range of catabolizable nucleobases.
The portion size effect and overconsumption – towards downsizing solutions for children and adolescents
Authors: Hetherington M. M. , Blundell‐Birtill P.
Published: February 2018

Portion sizes of foods offered to consumers have increased at the same time as overweight and obesity levels have risen. It has been suggested that large portions of high energy density (HED) foods increase total energy intake and that this is not compensated for in the short‐ to medium‐term, potentially promoting weight gain. In the laboratory setting, offering large portions of HED foods increases overall energy intake in both children and adults. This phenomenon is known as the portion size effect (PSE), and it is robust, reliable and enduring. The possible impact of the PSE is that large portions served over time may facilitate overeating and could contribute to overweight and obesity. Explanations for the PSE vary from simple heuristics, such as the tendency to clear the plate, to more complex biobehavioural processes, including individual differences in susceptibility to external food cues through eating traits. Consumers may eat in accordance with available consumption norms or eat opportunistically when large portions are made available. An obvious solution to the PSE is to ‘downsize’ HED meal items and snacks, but whether this strategy is acceptable or feasible is not clear. In adults, the effects of downsizing are mixed and for children and adolescents, as yet unclear. The contention is that for those who are still learning about social norms and appropriate portions, there remains the potential to counter the PSE through downsizing strategies.
Maternal nutrition and weight management in pregnancy: A nudge in the right direction
Authors: Walker R. , Kumar A. , Blumfield M. , Truby H.
Published: February 2018

Suboptimal maternal nutrition and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) establish in mothers and their offspring a weight gain trajectory towards overweight and obesity. Therefore, pregnancy may be the best opportunity to disrupt the generational cycle of obesity. More than half of women in the UK now enter pregnancy overweight or obese, highlighting that if interventions are not targeted towards women in higher weight categories before conception they are likely to ‘miss the mark’. To address issues of suboptimal maternal nutrition and excessive GWG in antenatal care, health professionals need to consider how women's requirements and expectations may have changed in recent years and the impact of weight stigma on the care of women who are obese. This paper aims to drive changes in clinical practice guidelines, medical curricula, the language used by health professionals, and ultimately promote maternal nutrition and weight management in pregnancy as key priorities during antenatal care. Evidence indicates that women want non‐judgemental, simple and encouraging guidance in these areas. Small changes to health professionals’ practice can improve how advice regarding nutrition and weight management in pregnancy is delivered, and has the potential to reduce overweight and obesity prevalence in women and their children in the years to come. Surely that goal is worth pursuing.
The effect of arabinoxylooligosaccharides on upper gastroduodenal motility and hunger ratings in humans
Authors: Scarpellini E. , Deloose E. , Vos R. , Francois I. , Delcour J. A. , Broekaert W. F. , Verbeke K. , Tack J.
Published: February 2018

Background and aims

Prebiotics such as Arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) are non‐digestible, fermentable food ingredients stimulating growth/activity of colonic bacteria with enhanced carbohydrates fermentation (CF) in humans. The migrating motor complex (MMC) of the gastrointestinal tract has been recently identified as an important hunger signal, but no data are available yet on the role of acute CF on MMC activity and related hunger ratings. Thus, we aimed to study the effect of acute AXOS CF on MMC and hunger in humans.

Methods

A total of 13 healthy volunteers were randomized in a single‐blind crossover placebo‐controlled study where 9.4 g of AXOS or 10 g of maltodextrin and 1 g of unlabelled lactose ureide (LU) were given 12 hours prior to the study and, in the next morning, together with a pancake containing 500 mg of 13C‐LU. In 10 hours after the meal, 13CO2 and hydrogen excretion were determined every 15 minutes while hunger/appetite ratings every 2 minutes through a VAS questionnaire. Five hours after the meal, antroduodenal motility was measured using HRM.

Key Results

AXOS significantly increased CF (158 ± 81 vs 840 ± 464 H2 ppm*minute, placebo vs AXOS, P < .05) without affecting the orocecal transit time (OCTT). AXOS had no significant effect on the occurrence, origin, and duration of phase III and on the total number, origin, and duration of phases I and II. Hunger and appetite scores prior and after phase III were not affected by AXOS.

Conclusions

AXOS acutely increases colonic fermentation, but this neither affects OCTT, activity of the MMC, nor interdigestive hunger scores in man.
NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG) Classification System for Grading Lumbar Synovial Cysts
Authors: Mobbs Ralph , Campbell Ryan , Phan Kevin
Published: February 2018

To classify facet joint cysts (FJC) which will assist in identification of patient groups to best fit with a particular intervention. Sagittal T2‐weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) of these patients are used to measure cyst size, while axial T2‐weighted MRI are used to determine the percentage of the vertebral canal occupied by the cyst. The degree of spondylolisthesis is also measured through standing X‐rays or sagittal MRI. The proposed grading system is as follows. Grade I includes cysts that occupy less than 25% of the canal diameter that usually present with unilateral radiculopathy. Grade II includes cysts that occupy less than 50% of the canal diameter and may present with radiculopathy, with or without claudicant symptoms. Grade III cysts may present with radiculopathy and claudication with bilateral leg symptoms, along with facetogenic pain symptoms. Grades IV and V include potential instability as defined by greater than 15% spondylolisthesis in addition to either less than or greater than 50% canal stenosis. With higher grade cysts, presentation may include: facetogenic back pain, radiculopathy and claudicant pain in variable degrees of severity. The optimal classification system grades FJC from I to V on the basis of canal compression and degree of spondylolisthesis. Prospective studies are required to confirm the validity of this grading scale for long‐term use.