bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspective matters: An interpretational lens to understand environmental performance indices
Authors: Dhara Chirag , Gupta Anshuman , Bagri Ishita , Murari Kamal
Published: October 2024

Environmental performance indices play a crucial role in evaluating countries' environmental efforts and advancing global environmental governance. This study critically examines disparities among prominent climate performance indices, including the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), and Climate Action Tracker (CAT). We reveal significant divergences in country rankings, particularly between ‘developed’ and ‘least developed’ nations, underscoring how methodological choices profoundly impact outcomes and interpretability. We develop an analytic tool, called EPI-equity, to demonstrate how integrating equity principles can substantially alter performance assessments. We propose a conceptual framework to classify indices based on the perspectives they embody, highlighting how these can shape the interpretation of performance. Our results suggest that the outcomes of environmental performance indices are more likely to concur when they represent similar perspectives. We propose that explicitly articulating the perspective implied by the formalism of performance indices can enhance transparency, guide developers in aligning methodological choices with intended interpretations, and equip users with a clearer understanding of the results. Our analysis highlights the importance of employing multiple indices that encompass a range of perspectives for a comprehensive evaluation of countries' environmental performance. Our adaptable framework provides a structured approach to guide the selection of indices ensuring that they span a broad spectrum of viewpoints. This method mitigates the likelihood of conflicts arising from fragmented worldviews on complex socio-environmental issues.
Training TikTok creators in mental health communication benefits their audience, too: An analysis of TikTok user comments
Authors: Liu Yuning , Motta Matt , yarnell Amanda
Published: October 2024

Background: Social media platforms like TikTok are pivotal for mental health communication (MHC), providing accessible, trusted content. Despite known benefits of creator training programs in improving content quality, it's uncertain if or how these enhancements affect people who watch that content. This study examines how training programs for TikTok creators influence TikTok users’ mental health knowledge construction and intended behaviors by analyzing user comments on TikTok videos.Method: We employed LLM-assisted content analysis to annotate TikTok video comments for mental health knowledge construction and behavioral intentions. We then analyzed the impact of a creator training program on users' mental health knowledge construction through within-subject field experiments. Additionally, we extended this method to measure how TikTok's Mental Health Awareness Month (MHAM) in May 2023 affected user mental health knowledge construction and behavioral intentions.Results: LLM-assisted analysis showed that asynchronous toolkits significantly enhance mental health knowledge construction among video commenters, particularly among creators with high engagement, fewer followers, who are licensed mental health professionals, or who do not offer paid coaching services. MHAM increased mental health knowledge construction among users, though the audiences of the 7 institutions and 10 content creators that were spotlighted by TikTok during MHAM did not show this effect.Conclusions: Asynchronous toolkits improve mental health knowledge construction among video viewers. Future training should focus on emerging creators and separate toolkit learning from conference training to enhance training efficacy. In addition, promoting hashtags such as #MentalHealthAwareness can drive meaningful discussions and knowledge construction in video comments, but there is an opportunity for platforms to refine their creator selection criteria to improve on-platform mental health knowledge construction.
High Accuracy with Low Costs: The Pretrain-Finetune Paradigm for Classification with Transformer-based Language Models
Authors: Sui Yuan
Published: October 2024

Political science research increasingly relies on text classification to gauge subtle concepts like toxicity or anger. However, common methods treat words and phrases in isolation, ignoring the relational dynamics where meaning is embedded in the interaction between phrases and their textual environment. Recent transformer- based language models overcome such limitations, but are rarely used in published political science articles, possibly due to misconceptions about their data and computational requirements. To bridge this gap, this article explains the pretrain- finetune paradigm for transformer-based language models and its potential to improve text analysis in political science by harnessing robust models trained on extensive datasets while requiring relatively small amounts of labeled data and computational resources from researchers. To demonstrate its effectiveness, I employ the approach to identify toxic language in conversation threads following U.S. Senators’ tweets.
Lost Salt Technique for Fabrication of Closed Hollow Bulb Obturator in Maxillectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Joshi S , Basnet BB , Parajuli PK , Suwal P
Published: October 2024

Maxillectomy defects can result in oroantral communication leading to difficulty in swallowing, deglutition, impaired speech and not to mention the resultant facial disfigurement. Prosthetic rehabilitation of such defects is often challenging due to the extent of the defect area along with the absence of adequate retention caused by the size and weight of the prosthesis. To fabricate a lightweight prosthesis, an open hollow obturator or a closed hollow obturator is usually chosen. This case report describes a simple and one step fabrication of a closed hollow bulb obturator using the traditional lost salt technique in a patient with maxillectomy.
Bending Back to the Professional Activities: Unveiling the Role of Reflective Practice in Teachers’ Professional Development
Authors: Rauteda Khem Raj
Published: October 2024

Reflection and reflective practices are important to develop professionalism. The importance of those practices has been highly emphasised in teaching, learning, and teachers’ professional development. With this backdrop, the study aims to investigate the English teachers’ reflective practices and examine their role in their professional development. I used narrative inquiry as a research design where the sample was selected using purposive sampling. An in-depth interview was used as a research tool to collect information and the interviews were conducted using interview guidelines. The collected data was recorded, transcribed, coded, categorised, and thematically analyzed. The study found that the English language teachers used action research, case studies, diary writing, reflective journals, and students’ feedback as reflective practices. Moreover, the study has uncovered that reflective practices are important for teachers to have self-analysis, find strengths and weaknesses of the learners and self, plan, act, and further plan the lesson, empower the learners, solve critical incidents, to have the active engagement of learners in teaching-learning activities, and to grow as a professional person. The study implies that every teacher should have a reflection on their practices for the betterment of teaching, learning, and growing professionally.
A Paradigm Shift in ELT with Artificial Intelligence: A Review on the Current State in Nepal
Authors: Bohara Dipak Kumar
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has sprayed a vibrant message to people in all areas of life including the education field due to the easy access to vast information with a click in an autonomous way and enhancing the overall learning experience. This study provides an overview of the significance of AI applications, their role in education and where the practitioners are in the concurrent situation. Especially, it explores some of the AI approaches best practised, including personalised learning, adaptive learning, teaching evaluation, virtual classroom, and intelligent teaching. It also highlights some of the ethical and social implications of using AI in education, including issues related to privacy, equity, and the role of human teachers. I used the data published in various journals, and books, presented in academic forums in global and local contexts and analysed thematically. The study concluded that integrating AI in education with caution, considering the ethical implications and ensuring that all students have access to these new technologies will switch to an artificially led world where there is no boundary for accessing knowledge.
Knowledge and Preventive Practices among Construction Workers work in KTFT Project Regarding Occupational Health Hazards and Safety: A Descriptive Cross Sessional Study
Authors: Bhattarai Anjana , Subedi Pitamber
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the knowledge and preventive practices regarding occupational health hazards and safety among construction workers engaged in the KTFT Project in Nepal. Occupational health hazards encompass a broad range of risks, including physical, chemical, ergonomic, and psychosocial factors, which can lead to injuries, illnesses, and fatalities in the workplace. Safety measures play a crucial role in mitigating these risks and ensuring the well-being of workers. Utilizing a mixed methods research design with a cross-sectional approach, data were collected from 124 construction workers and 2 safety engineers through face-to-face interviews and key informant interviews, respectively. The findings reveal that the majority of workers are male, predominantly within the age group of 20-39 years, with varying levels of education and ethnic backgrounds. Injuries and health issues such as musculoskeletal problems, skin-related issues, and respiratory problems are prevalent among the workers. The main causes of accidents include slipping, tripping, and falling, as well as injuries from lifting or carrying objects and falling objects.
Regarding the level of knowledge and preventive practices, the study found that while most workers were aware of the common occupational hazards, their preventive practices were significantly good. Although a significant portion of the workers received some form of training and safety inspections were regularly conducted, gaps in the availability and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) were noted. Furthermore, the research confirms that the KTFT Project soley incorporated labor law guidelines, highlighting compliance with regulatory standards. The research underscores the critical need for enhanced safety training, stricter enforcement of safety regulations, and better provision and utilization of PPE to improve occupational health and safety in the construction sector. These findings provide essential insights for policymakers and stakeholders to address the safety and health challenges faced by construction workers in Nepal.
Does Renewable Energy (RE) Contribute to Rural Livelihood? Evidence from Nepal
Authors: Khatri Bishnu Bahadur , Neupane Bibek Kanta
Published: October 2024

This study examines the contribution of renewable energy (RE) on rural livelihoods in Nepal using a mixed-methods approach with the consideration of socio-economic development and environmental sustainability. Data were gathered through household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions across various local levels in Nepal. The findings indicate that the adoption of RE technologies, particularly solar energy, has significantly improved agricultural productivity, income levels, and overall living standards. Solar-powered irrigation systems have enabled farmers to increase crop yields, enhancing food security and income diversification. The study highlights the essential role of community involvement and local governance in the successful implementation and sustainability of RE projects. Despite the initial high costs of RE technologies, the long-term benefits, including reduced energy costs and enhanced environmental sustainability, outweigh these challenges. The reduction in the use of traditional biomass fuels has led to improved air quality and health outcomes in rural households. This research highlights the potential of renewable energy to transform rural livelihoods in Nepal, advocating for continued support and investment in RE initiatives to ensure sustainable development in remote and underserved regions.
Unveiling Global Trends in Reactive and Proactive Aggression: A Cutting-Edge Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Neupane Dasarath , Lourdusamy Arputhem
Published: October 2024

This bibliometric mapping discusses the research landscape of proactive and reactive aggression, key authors, collaborative networks, and trends in scholarly publishing for the past two decades. The study, using tools like VOSviewer, shows important patterns in co-authorship, citation networks, and keyword co-occurrence. The leading personalities include Adrian Raine, Paula J. Fite, Richard E. Tremblay, and Paul J. Frick. Heavy contributors to the knowledge about aggression from biological, psychological, and developmental perspectives are identified. Co-authorship is intense, especially on topics dealing with neuro-criminology, childhood and adolescent behavior, and the role of psychopathy in violent behavior.
 
The analysis shows that from the year 2009, the publication of works has grown rapidly to their peak in the year 2022, reflecting an upward spiral of interest and interdisciplinary research on aggression. Dominant keywords like "aggression," "reactive," "proactive," "psychopathy," and "conduct disorder" point to the core themes of research on emotional regulation, developmental trajectories, and clinical interventions. This review has come to a close that studies in the field of aggression have now developed into a multi-disciplinary science, embracing neuroscience, psychology, criminology, and social science knowledge to further advance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of aggressive behavior and develop various treatments. Future research will have to go on filling in areas of investigation that are underrepresented, including but not limited to aggression at the interface with particular demographic variables and newer approaches to intervention.
Environmental impact of EdTech: The hidden costs of digital learing
Authors: Shengjergji Sofije , Luzai Anna , Mills Stephanie , Nostrand Parker Van , Cermakova Anna Lindroos , Kucirkova Natalia Ingebretsen
Published: October 2024

The report "Environmental Impact of EdTech: The Hidden Costs of Digital Learning" highlights the often-overlooked environmental consequences of the expanding Educational Technology (EdTech) sector. While EdTech is frequently associated with reducing paper usage and promoting remote learning, the report emphasizes the significant environmental costs linked to the production, consumption, and disposal of digital devices. Key challenges include the energy consumption of data centers, the carbon footprint of AI-driven technologies, and the growing issue of electronic waste, which disproportionately impacts vulnerable communities. The authors advocate for integrating sustainability into the EdTech ecosystem by adopting environmentally conscious practices in both hardware and software development. By summarizing a large set of research and grey literature, the authors stress the importance of evaluating EdTech's carbon footprint, using renewable energy sources, and developing eco-friendly content that educates learners about environmental issues. The report also calls for collaboration across sectors and the need for global standards and certifications to ensure that EdTech contributes to both educational excellence and environmental sustainability. By aligning digital transformation with green practices, EdTech can play a pivotal role in fostering a sustainable future.
The Utility of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Rating Interpreters’ Accuracy: A Case Study of ChatGPT-4
Authors: Jia Yichen , Aryadoust Vahid
Published: October 2024

The assessment of interpreting has been criticized for its subjectivity and variability. Although employing multiple raters can enhance rating accuracy, it is impractical in everyday assessment situations. Analytical/rubric rating has been suggested to improve rating reliability and accuracy, but this can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. The generative AI (GenAI) ChatGPT-4 offers the potential to understand rubrics and facilitate the analytical rating process. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the affordances of ChatGPT-4 in interpreting accuracy assessment. A total of 36 interpreting transcripts were rated on their accuracy with a rating rubric. The mean scores generated by the GenAI were then compared with those assigned by three seasoned interpreting instructors to evaluate the rating quality of GenAI, using human ratings as a benchmark. The study also sought to investigate the distinguishing features of AI and human raters’ assessment decisions, focusing on their ability to rate interpreting trainees at varying proficiency levels and their performance on three topics, employing one-way ANOVA for analysis. Findings revealed that ChatGPT-4 understood interpreting tasks and rubrics well, demonstrating a rating pattern moderately similar to human raters. It generally assigned high scores to more proficient trainees and maintained consistency in the three topics. However, the reliability of individual ratings of ChatGPT-4 was rather low, and it exhibited difficulty in differentiating between intermediate and novice trainees.
ChatGPT for Writing Evaluation: Examining the Accuracy and Reliability of AI-Generated Scores Compared to Human Raters
Authors: Kim Haeun , Baghestani Shireen , Yin Shuhui , Karatay Yasin , Kurt Sebnem , Beck Jeanne , Karatay Leyla
Published: October 2024

ChatGPT has proven beneficial in a variety of educational contexts, yet its effectiveness in scoring integrated second-language writing tasks remains uncertain. This study, therefore, explores the accuracy and reliability of ChatGPT-generated scores versus human ratings under two prompting conditions (with or without writing prompt and source texts) and examines the reasons behind rating discrepancies using a mixed methods approach. ChatGPT rated 74 argumentative essays from the Iowa State University English Placement Test Corpus of Learner Writing under the different prompting conditions; its ratings were then compared with those of human raters. Compared to human raters, ChatGPT’s reliability was moderate to low. This was the case in both prompting conditions. In addition, a qualitative analysis of ChatGPT’s scoring rationales suggested that, unlike human raters, ChatGPT was limited in detecting content- related issues and integrating source text information. The findings of the study suggest that a more rigorous process may be required to train ChatGPT to rate similarly to human raters.
A Comparative Analysis of Multiple-Choice Questions: ChatGPT-Generated Items vs. Human-Developed Items
Authors: Chun Jean , Barley Natalia
Published: October 2024

This study explores the potential of incorporating ChatGPT (GPT-3.5) to improve test development efficiency. It evaluates the quality of ChatGPT-generated multiple-choice questions (MCQ) compared to those written by human test developers. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the general characteristics of ChatGPT-generated items. A total of 80 items, 40 from ChatGPT and 40 from human writers, were developed from 20 authentic Korean passages. The quality of the items was evaluated by three raters on a five-point Likert scale against a rubric of eight criteria. Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been employed, incorporating an analysis of rating scores and the raters’ written comments. The results indicate an overall comparability between ChatGPT- generated items and those created by human writers. However, ChatGPT’s ability was significantly limited when creating plausible distractors. These findings underscore the importance of human judgment, particularly in the creation of effective distractors, to fully leverage ChatGPT in the test development process.
When iVR Meets AI: Practices and Challenges for Language Educators
Authors: Compagnoni Ilaria
Published: October 2024

Increasing developments in educational technology have redefined language pedagogies through the use of digital tools enabling multi-user interactivity and content creation. Given the increasing use of AI in task-oriented language practices, there is a need to train language teachers to use AI in contextualized linguistic practices. These competencies can be supported by preparing language teachers to use AI with immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) for classroom-based language activities. However, the literature lacks inquiries on language activities grounded on AI and iVR-based collaborative group work. Attempting to bridge this gap, this study presents the results of interventions using the iVR platform Workrooms and ChatGPT conducted at the University of Arizona with language educators attending a professional development course on educational technologies. Data collected from observations of teachers’ activities and a post-activity questionnaire provides methodological suggestions for integrating VR and AI in language learning contexts. This contribution gives indications of the technological skill sets necessary to teach and learn languages with AI and iVR needed to socially and professionally interact in an increasingly digital world.
GenAI in Applied Linguistics: Paths Forward
Authors: Chapelle Carol , Beckett Gulbahar , Ranalli Jim
Published: October 2024

The chapters in Exploring AI in Applied Linguistics invite readers to begin to see GenAI from the vantage point of applied linguists. Applied linguistics is a field dedicated to research on language-related problems that arise in the real-world contexts where languages are learned and used. Applied linguists create, choose, and refine technical approaches to the study of language that build an understanding of the language-related problems they study. The focus on language in context from relevant technical perspectives is a distinct value that applied linguistics research provides beyond the methodologies offered by other fields of study. The chapters in this volume investigate language-related, real-world issues sparked by the sudden access to GenAI that occurred in November 2022. The chapters conceptualize GenAI technology as integral to the language-related issues in real-world contexts of language learning, language assessment, language research, and language teacher education. The researchers systematically investigated how the AI would perform when prompted with such linguistic tasks as scoring ESL learners’ essays, identifying aberrant oral test responses, recognizing pragmatic distinctions in meaning, and generating reading materials for EFL teaching. The researchers observed, analyzed, and reported on language learners’ and teachers’ use of AI tools to expand their own capabilities.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Online Reviews in the Srem Region through Topic Modeling
Authors: Grljević Olivera , Marić Mirjana
Published: October 2024

This chapter employs topic modeling to reveal the public stance and perception of tourist destinations in the Srem region, providing insights into their diverse appeal and variety of tourist profiles. Social media is the touch point with visitors of tourist attractions and consumers of tourist ser­vices. The collection of online reviews of tourist attractions in the Srem re­gion is populated and used for modeling the hidden thematic structures. The authors identified an optimal model with 14 distinct topics through ex­tensive experimentation, centered around nature, relaxation, shrines, and museum history. The topics indicate various tourist profiles active, gastro­nomic, leisure-seeking, history-loving, and family-oriented tourists. Know­ing about the audience is valuable for targeted marketing strategies. The authors extracted and analyzed subsets of reviews related to Monaster­ies, Museums, Nature, and Nature Reserves indicating specific preferenc­es of tourists within these categories, such as historical relevance of muse­ums, use of modern technologies in exhibitions, or children-friendly content in nature reserves, and improvement areas, such as condition of roads, con­trol of forest cutting, or garbage disposal management. This research offers clearly defined methodological steps and valuable insights for marketing and tourism development in the Srem region.
Purchasing Power Parity in B5 Countries: How Important Are Tourism Prices?
Authors: Bekő Jani , Boršič Darja
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines the PPP hypothesis in five Balkan countries (B5). The current analysis incorporates four important novelties. First, from a methodological standpoint, the PPP is scrutinized by a range of first-gener­ation and second-generation panel unit root tests. Additionally, three pan­el cointegration tests are performed: the Pedroni residual cointegration test, the Kao residual cointegration test and the Johansen Fisher cointegration test. Second, the study utilizes two price indicators: the consumer price index for hotels and restaurants and the general consumer price index. Third, the PPP proposition for the Balkan economies is inspected using a new, updated data set covering the period from January 2006 to December 2023. Fourth, two nu­meraire currencies, the euro and the USD, are operated to assess the validity of exchange rate parity conditions. The econometric results provide resolute support for the PPP concept in the group of B5 countries.
How do Accommodation Prices Affect Tourism in Slovakia? Own Price and Cross Price Elasticity of Demand in the Regions of Slovakia
Authors: Hošková Elena , Richter Martin , Zentková Iveta
Published: October 2024

The chapter aims to determine the impact of accommodation pric­es on the demand for accommodation in individual regions of the Slovak Re­public. The data for the analysis were drawn from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for the period January 2017 to June 2023 from individual re­gions of the Slovak Republic. Regression analysis was used. The results showed that the most visited regions are Bratislava, Žilina and Prešov regions with very significant seasonality. The forecast assumed that seasonality would be main­tained into the next period. The estimated regression functions of demand showed that the quantity demanded for accommodation responds statistical­ly significantly to its price, especially in the Nitra region, and demand is price elastic here. According to the coefficients of the cross-price elasticity of de­mand, accommodation in the Trenčín region was a substitute for accommo­dation in other regions in the period under consideration. The analysis showed that the demand for accommodation is influenced not only by the tourist at­tractiveness of the area but also by the price of accommodation.
THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION: A STUDY OF GEORGIA
Authors: Lia Totladze  , Mamuka Khuskivadze
Published: October 2024

In the current decades, the world's rapid urbanization is the greatest challenge to ensuring human welfare and sustainable development. Urban areas offer better market structures, and there is evidence that workers in urban areas are more productive, and earn more, than rural workers. Clearly, the proportion of a country's population living in urban areas is correlated with its income level. Although, rapid urbanization is associated with crowding, environmental degradation, and other impediments to productivity.
This paper studies urbanization and income distribution in Georgia. Research explores the impact of urbanization on income distribution in Georgia using multiple regression analysis. The research data covers 11 regions of Georgia. Our findings emphasize the role of urbanization, economic growth, and human capital in the process of income distribution. The results show that urbanization has an impact on income distribution and accordingly can reduce income inequality.    We find evidence that the level of urbanization affects the rate of economic growth.
COLONIAL RURAL BUILDINGS IN ALGERIA: FROM DISUSE TO VALORIZATION, CASE STUDY OF THE GUELMA REGION
Authors: Fouzia Fareh  , Djamel Alkama
Published: October 2024

After independence, Algeria inherited a rural built heritage marked by the presence of numerous colonial farms. While some of this heritage has been recovered, it remains largely unknown and undervalued compared to its urban counterpart. Yet these buildings, which bear witness to an era and a way of life, are an invaluable resource for the development of rural areas. This study challenges this neglect by exploring the potential of rural heritage as a catalyst for economic and social revitalization. Case studies from the Guelma region illuminate the practical applications and challenges of repurposing these structures. By examining the economic, social, and cultural dimensions of rural heritage, this research aims to contribute to the development of comprehensive strategies for its preservation and valorization. Key considerations include a deeper understanding of rural built heritage, innovative conservation approaches, and the integration of these efforts into broader rural development plans.
Perbandingan Algoritma Klasifikasi Pada Pasien Penyakit Jantung
Authors: Waruwu Jefrin , Dharma Abdi
Published: October 2024

Jantung adalah organ yang esensial dalam tubuh manusia dan berfungsi sebagai pusat pengatur dalam sistem sirkulasi, dimana pembuluh darah bertindak sebagai jalur distribusinya. Meskipun memegang peran vital, jantung juga merupakan organ yang sangat rentan terhadap berbagai penyakit. Penyakit jantung merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis yang umum di seluruh dunia, dan diagnosis dini sangat penting untuk pengelolaan yang efektif. Penting untuk mendeteksi penyakit jantung secara awal, terutama jika ada faktor bawaan, untuk mencegah risiko komplikasi serius dan kematian yang dapat dihindari. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk membandingkan lima algoritma klasifikasi dalam mengklasifikasi keberadaan penyakit jantung berdasarkan data klinis pasien. Dataset yang digunakan mencakup informasi umur, jenis kelamin, jenis nyeri, tekanan darah, kolestrol, gula darah, hasil EKG, detak jantung, angina, oldpeak, kemiringan segmen ST, kelas. Dataset terdiri dari 1190 baris data lalu data tersebut dibagi menjadi 80% data latih dan 20% data validasi. Algoritma yang dibandingkan ialah CatBoostClassifier, HistGradientBoostingClassifier, RandomForestClassifier, XGBClassifier, VotingClassifier. Berdasarkan hasil eksperimen yang dilakukan bahwasannya algoritma HistGradientBoostingClassifier dan VotingClassifer memiliki akurasi yang optimal dibandingkan dengan algoritma RandomForestClassifier, XGBClassifier dan CatBoostClassifier. HistGradientBoostingClassifier dan VotingClassifier memiliki akurasi 97% dan 97% sedangkan RandomForestClassifier mencapai akurasi 96% lalu XGBClassifier mencapai akurasi 96% terakhir CatBoostClassifier mendapatakan akurasi 95%. Algoritma HistGradientBoostingClassifier dan VotingClassifier disarankan untuk digunakan karena lebih optimal dalam mengklasifikasi pasien penyakit jantung dan normal karena mendapatkan akurasi yang tinggi dibandingkan algoritma lainnya. Penelitian menegaskan pentingnya pemilihan algoritma yang tepat untuk diagnosis dini dan pengelolaan penyakit jantung yang efektif, sehingga dapat membantu dalam mengurangi risiko komplikasi dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien.
Women Filming Shell Shock
Authors: Tsahi Adam
Published: October 2024

This article examines two documentary films by women filmmakers dealing with combat stress: Irit Gal's Harmed Forces (1999) and Nurit Kedar's On the Edge (2003). The first Israeli female directors to deal with combat stress reactions, their work is distinguished from that of male directors in its criticism of the establishment and society and a camera perspective that identifies and empathizes with combat stress victims, including a cinematic strategy for representing the trauma of war. The article offers close readings of the films’ narratives that reveal their radical criticism of hegemonic attitudes and examines their different ethical concepts, forms of trauma discourse, and modes of identification with combat-stressed soldiers. Reading these films from the historical perspective of women's documentary cinema reveals two different approaches to creating counter cinema.
Diversity of Zinc Oxide-Nanoconjugate: Photophysical and Photochemical Aspect
Authors: Mitra Piyali
Published: October 2024

Photophysical and photochemical studies of anticancer drug-functionalized nanoparticles are of enormous significance. Now adays, these nanoconjugates have greater application in the field of novel photo-based nanodevices for photocatalysis and drug delivery. Moreover, nanoconjugates are anticipated to be excellent revenue of assimilating attractive features of molecular as well as bulk regimes. Nanostructured materials produce the electronic excited states, or excitons, during light-matter interactions. It is interesting to be acquainted with diverse kinds of electrons. Furthermore, gaining knowledge about a diverse range of materials is energizing, as it allows us to understand the formation of electronically excited states and progress into femtosecond and nanosecond time domains. The mechanism of solar energy conversion, which is a solely photo-initiated process using ultrafast lasers, as well as finding out about new photonic and biphotonic applications, are also important areas of now days’ research. Researchers use hundreds of light-absorbing molecules, known as chromophores, to harvest sunlight. Chromophores also play an important role in directing the excitation energy to nature’s solar cells- proteins, which are called reaction centers.
An Attempt to Understand the Food in Packages: Food Additive Chemicals
Authors: Banerjee Subhrajit
Published: October 2024

The presence of food additive chemicals in packaged foods has become a significant concern for consumers and researchers alike. This chapter aims to explore the various aspects of food additives, including their types, uses, and potential impacts on human health. Food additives are substances added to processed and packaged foods to enhance shelf life, texture, flavour, and appearance. While some additives are derived from natural sources, others are synthesized chemically. This chapter delves into the different categories, purposes, and specific chemical natures of food additives, such as preservatives, flavour enhancers, emulsifiers, and stabilizers, among others. Additionally, the regulations and safety measures surrounding the use of food additives, as well as exploring the role of governmental agencies and international organizations in establishing guidelines and tolerable limits, are envisaged.
Web crippling behaviour of curved cold-formed steel unlipped channel beams
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Karunaratne R.D.P.Y.K. , Herath H.M.S.T.
Published: October 2024

Cold-formed steel (CFS) sections are increasingly utilized in various building applications such as purlins, decks, wall studs, and floor joists, due to their inherent characteristics over hot roll sections. With the increasing popularity of curved structures in architectural and structural designs, understanding the structural performance of curved CFS elements is important. CFS channel sections are prone to localized bearing failures known as web crippling under concentrated forces due to their higher web slenderness. Although numerous studies have been undertaken to investigate web crippling behaviour of straight CFS channel beams, the response of curved CFS beams to web crippling has not been explored yet. Therefore, this study investigates the web crippling behaviour of curved CFS unlipped channel beams. Through a series of experimental tests conducted on curved CFS unlipped channel beams with different curvatures, including both flanges inward and outward curved, subjected to interior-two-flange (ITF) loading conditions, the study evaluated the resistance of these curved beams to web crippling. The experimental results indicate that the initial curvature has a significant impact on the web crippling capacity. Notably, the flange inward curvature enhances the web crippling capacity, whereas the flange outward curvature diminishes it compared to straight, unlipped channel sections. Furthermore, the design guidelines commonly used for predicting web crippling capacity were evaluated for consistency and reliability compared to the experimental results. It was found that outlining the inconsistencies of using the guidelines developed for straight beams in evaluating the web crippling capacities of curved CFS unlipped channel sections. In order to further investigate the web crippling response of curved channel beams, finite element models were developed. Finite element models developed for straight beams were validated against experimental results done in this study and available in the literature, demonstrating good agreement in terms of failure modes, capacity, and load-deflection curves. A parametric study was carried out to evaluate the key parameters influencing the web crippling behaviour of curved beams. In summary, this research carried out experimental and associated numerical studies on curved CFS channel sections subjected to web crippling under the ITF load case. It was found that the curvature of the beam is significant, considerably improving the knowledge and understanding of the web crippling behaviour of curved channel beams.
A novel optimization strategy for form-finding and structural stability enhancement of dome-type grid-shell structures
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Abeyrathna H.M.A.M. , Herath H.M.S.T.
Published: October 2024

Domes are highly efficient structures designed to span long distances while effectively resisting gravity loads. Traditional domes can be categorized into two types: continuous shells, which are typically constructed from monolithic concrete or masonry, and grid-shells, which utilize lattice members to create depth throughout the shell thickness. Although grid-shells have gained popularity in recent years, the integration of topology optimization and size optimization for the form-finding of these structures remains relatively unexplored. This paper presents a novel framework for optimizing deep grid-shell structures through topology and size optimization techniques. The framework is structured as a multi-phase process. Initially, a deep grid-shell structure and the associated load type are defined. Subsequently, an equivalent continuous shell structure is established and subjected to an optimization process aimed at minimizing strain energy to determine the optimal grid arrangement. This arrangement is then utilized for size optimization to identify the optimal member sizes. Finally, a linear elastic analysis is conducted to compare the structural performance of the initial grid-shell, the topology-optimized continuous shell, and the grid-shell inspired by structural optimization. Two case studies demonstrate the framework's capability to generate innovative and practical grid-shell structures. In test case 01, a ring load of 1 N was applied at the apex of a deep dome with a radius of 12 m, resulting in a corresponding structural optimization-inspired grid-shell. The buckling capacity increased from 3.5 MN to 31.5 MN, while maximum stress decreased from 4.2 Pa to 3.0 Pa, and maximum displacement was reduced from 31.5 nm to 25.3 nm when compared to the initial defined grid-shell. In test case 02, a total point load of 1 N was applied to the same deep dome, yielding another structural optimization-inspired grid-shell. The buckling capacity improved from 8.5 MN to 10.1 MN, maximum stress decreased from 0.9 Pa to 0.2 Pa, and maximum displacement was reduced from 10.1 nm to 2.5 nm compared to the initial defined grid-shell. The results indicate significant enhancements in material efficiency and structural performance, with optimized designs achieving over a hundred percent increase in buckling capacities and reductions in stresses and displacements exceeding seventy percent. Future work will investigate the complexities of topology optimization for shallow versus deep shells, assess the impact of more realistic load applications on structural stability, and explore the flexural capacities of grid-shells with topology-optimized continuous arrangements. Additionally, potential challenges related to node connections due to wider members resulting from optimization will require further investigation to refine the framework for broader applications.
Use of tile waste as an Internal Curing Aggregate (ICA) to replace coarse aggregates in Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) production
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Ekanayake E.M.S.K. , Jayantha W.R.A.N. , Mampearachchi W.K.
Published: October 2024

Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is gaining recognition for its economic and structural benefits, particularly in heavy-duty pavements, dams, and industrial flooring applications. Unlike traditional concrete, RCC is a low-water, zero-slump mix that can be compacted with vibratory rollers, reducing cement usage, costs, and environmental impact. However, RCC's low water content raises significant curing problems that could compromise the strength, durability, and overall performance of the concrete. Conventional surface curing methods often prove inadequate, leading to incomplete hydration and undesirable concrete properties. This study explores an innovative approach to RCC production by incorporating clay tile waste as an Internal Curing Aggregate (ICA) to replace coarse aggregates. The aim is to improve hydration and enhance RCC's mechanical properties by addressing internal curing challenges. Clay tile waste, characterized by its porous structure and high-water absorption capacity, is proposed as a sustainable alternative to conventional aggregates, providing additional moisture during the curing process. This research investigates the effects of replacing coarse aggregates with clay tile aggregates (CTA) at 2.5% , 5%, and on RCC ’s mechanical and durability properties. The results show that a 2.5% replacement of coarse aggregates with CTA significantly improves early compressive strength, with notable gains observed at the 3-day mark. This early strength development is attributed to the effective internal curing provided by the tile waste, which facilitates continued hydration. At 28 days, RCC samples with 2.5% CTA replacement perform similarly to control samples in tensile strength, suggesting CTA's potential as an internal curing agent. Flexural strength tests further support these findings, with 2.5% CTA replacement yielding the highest strength among the tested samples. However, increasing the replacement ratio beyond 2.5% results in diminishing returns across all measured mechanical properties. This decline is likely due to the lower inherent strength of the clay tiles compared to traditional coarse aggregates. Results suggest that a 2.5% CTA replacement improves RCC's mechanical properties, supporting more sustainable construction. The study provides important insights into using waste materials for sustainable RCC production. Incorporating clay tile waste as an ICA improves internal curing, enhancing hydration, early strength, and overall RCC performance. These findings support the development of sustainable construction materials and provide practical recommendations for optimizing RCC mix designs. Future work will involve field validation of these results and further exploration of long-term durability aspects under different environmental conditions.
Effect of crease curvature on bending stiffness in curved crease origami
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Weerasekara W.M.H.G.L.C.B. , Mallikarachchi H.M.Y.C.
Published: October 2024

Deployable systems play a vital role in design optimisation of spacecrafts. Limited payload capacity in launch vehicles often conflicts with the demand for large-area systems required for better performance in the operational phase. The art of origami enables the storage of a large surface structure in a compact volume by utilising plastically deformed fold lines known as creases. Origami can be categorised into two types as straight crease origami and curved crease origami based on the geometry of the crease. Straight crease origami demonstrates rigid foldability while curved crease origami facilitates smooth and efficient folding by incorporating panel bending. The use of curved creases in deployable membranes reduces the required number of creases compared to straight creases ultimately leading to less production time and better quality deployed surface. The bending stiffness of the crease and the external force required to fold the membrane are key aspects that influence the packaging efficiency. The main objective of this research is to assess the effect of crease curvature on the bending stiffness of curved creases. The study encompassed quasi-static folding and unfolding experiments of curved-crease specimens with different crease radii made of 80 gsm printer paper to understand crease behaviour. Furthermore, numerical models were developed to simulate the crease behaviour of curved creases and validated against experiments in order to develop prediction tools for future designs. The resistive force resulting in bending a curved crease specimen was measured experimentally for rectangular specimens with overall dimensions of 60 mm × 100 mm while varying crease radii from 35 mm to 75 mm. Additionally, the force-displacement response was recorded for flat sheets with dimensions of 50 mm × 60 mm and 100 mm × 60 mm to compare the bending stiffness of curved creases to that of a flat sheet having similar overall dimensions. The results demonstrate that the initial bending stiffness of curved-crease specimens with a low crease radius is lower but becomes higher at the maximum folded state compared to specimens with a high crease radius. Additionally, it was observed that the contribution of the unrestrained half of the specimen significantly increases the bending stiffness of a curved crease specimen during the folding motion for lower crease radius, whereas the contribution remains almost constant for higher crease radius. Numerical models of curved creases, developed in the commercial software Abaqus using a segmented curved-crease modelling approach incorporating straight crease characteristics, accurately estimate experimental reaction forces, indicating that the characteristics of straight creases can be used in modelling curved creases.
On reconstruction of Kolmogorov operators with discontinuous coefficients
Authors: Bogachev V. I. , Shaposhnikov S. V.
Published: October 2024

We obtain broad sufficient conditions for reconstructing the coefficients of a Kolmogorov operator by means of a solution to the Cauchy problem for the corresponding Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation.
Generalized solution of a mixed problem for a wave equation with a non-smooth right-hand side
Authors: Lomov I. S.
Published: October 2024

Under minimal conditions on the right side of the wave equation, a generalized solution of the mixed problem is constructed. The solution is presented as a series from the Fourier method, its sum is found. The form of a generalized solution of a mixed problem for an inhomogeneous telegraphic equation is given.