bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENDIDIKAN HUKUM ISLAM YANG MENDAMAIKAN PERBEDAAN ANTAR MAZHAB KAJIAN FIQH ISLAM
Authors: Suhairiah Suhairiah
Published: August 2022

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 telah menjamin kemerdekaan penduduk untuk memeluk agama dan kepercayaannya masing-masing. Jaminan dari konstitusi tersebut, yang dimuat dalam Pasal 29, sudah pasti tidak bisa tegak dengan sendirinya di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Ia masih membutuhkan banyak faktor lain dalam implementasinya,termasuk bantuan dari bidang pendidikan. Walaupun jaminan dari konstitusi mengenai kemerdekaan penduduk untuk memeluk agama dan kepercayaannya masing-masing telah ada, namun pada lapisan bawah masyarakat (grass roots) masih cukup mudah ditemukan fakta bahwa beberapa kelompok tetap melakukan tindakan diskriminasi terhadap pemeluk agama dan kepercayaan yang minoritas. Salah satu contohnya dapat dilihat pada diskriminasi yang dialami oleh para pemeluk mazhab Syiah di beberapa tempat di Indonesia.
Salah satu penyebab tindakan diskriminasi itu dapat berasal dari kekurangpahaman sebagian pihak mengenai mazhab Syiah, atau setidaknya mengenai hak-hak para pemeluk mazhab Syiah untuk dapat meyakini ajaran-ajaran di dalam mazhab mereka, sebenarnya mata pelajaran Fiqh Islam potensial bisa memainkan peran yang “mendamaikan” gesekan antar mazhab tersebut. Potensi pendidikan hukum seperti itu tentunya sejalan dengan pendapat Satjipto Rahardjo dalam memandang pendidikan hukum dalam bentuk yang idealnya, yaitu sebagai pendidikan hukum yang berdimensi kemanusiaan. Dalam konsep yang demikian, menurut Rahardjo, maka pendidikan hukum diarahkan menjadi “penolong manusia dari kesusahan.” Makalah ini membahas pendidikan Hukum Fiqh Islam diarahkan untuk menjadi penolong manusia dari kesusahan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
METODE PEMBELAJARAN TARIKH (SEJARAH PERADABAN ISLAM) QUESTION STUDENT HAVE
Authors: Asnidar Asnidar
Published: August 2022

Pembelajaran SKI ada beberapa metode pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan strategi pembelajaran, diantaranya: ceramah, demonstrasi, diskusi, tanya jawab, timeline, concept map, Role Playing (Bermain Peran), Active Knowledge Sharing (Aktif Berbagi Pengetahuan), dan sebagainya sesuai dengan materi apa yan ingin disampaikan ketika pelajaran SKI belansung. Belajar mengajar adalah suatu proses interaksi atau hubungan timbal balik antara guru dan peserta didik dalam satuan pembelajaran. Guru bukan hanya sekedar penyampai materi saja tetapi lebih dari itu guru dapat dikatakan sebagai sentral pembelajaran, gurulah yang mengarahkan bagaima proses belajar mengajar itu dilaksanakan. Karena itu guru harus dapat membuat suatu pengajaran menjadi lebih efektif juga menarik sehingga pelajaran yang disampaikan akan membuat peserta didik merasa senang dan merasa perlu untuk mempelajari materi pelajaran tersebut. Rendahnya hasil belajar banyak dihadapi oleh sejumlah peserta didik yang tidak memiliki dorongan belajar dan menganggap pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) adalah pelajaran yang sulit karena secara prakteknya SKI sering diajarkan hanya bersifat informatif saja atau hafalan. Sehingga nilai rata-rata mata pelajaran SKI kurang begitu memuaskan, perlu metode yang menyenangkan.
FUNGSI DAN PERAN BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PENULISAN ILMIAH
Authors: Hasana Hasana
Published: August 2022

Bahasa Indonesia dikenal sebagi bahasa aglutinatif. Artinya, kosakata dalam bahasa Indonesia dapat ditempeli dengan bentuk lain, yaitu imbuhan. Imbuhan mengubah bentuk dan makna bentuk dasar yang dilekati imbuhan itu .Karena sifat itulah, imbuhan memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam pembentukan kata bahasa Indonesia. Dengan demikian, sudah selayaknyalah, sebagai pemakainya kita memiliki pengetahuan mengenai ini. Kemampuan berbahasa yang baik dan benar merupakan persyaratan mutlak untuk melakukan kegiatan ilmiah karena bahas merupakan sarana komunikasi ilmiah pokok. Tanpa penguasaan tata bahasa dan kosakata yang baik akan sulit bagi seorang ilmuan untuk mengkomunikasikan gagasannya kepada pihak lain. Dengan bahasa selaku alat komunikasi, kita bukan saja menyampaikan informasi tetapi juga argumentasi, dimana kejelasan kosakata dan logika tata bahasa merupakan persyaratan utama yaitu Bahasa Indonesia Ragam Baku.
TANTANGAN KELUARGA SAKINAH ERA GENERASI MILENIAL
Authors: Jamil Muh
Published: August 2022

Sebuah keluarga dapat mencapai sakinah tidaklah ditentukan oleh banyak sedikitnya harta benda. Hal ini ditandai dengan banyak keluarga yang memiliki kelebihan secara materi tetapi dalam kenyataannya, mereka tidak sakinah. Memiliki pasangan yang menawan bukan menjadi ukuran sakinah suatu keluarga, karena kecantikan atau ketampanan tidak abadi. Untuk itu, keluarga sakinah meliputi beberapa unsur yang harus terpenuhi, diantaranya adalah keharmonisan, religiusitas, bentuk ketaatan kepada Allah dan kelestarian perkawinannya. Di perkembangan teknologi ini, membina keluarga sakinah itu lebih sulit dibandingkan masa sebelumnya, karena adanya tuntutan kehidupan yang semakin meningkat. Era sebelumnya telah meninggalkan persoalan wanita karier yang belum terpecahkan dalam lingkungan rumah tangga. Banyak kasus penceraian disebabkan persoalan karier ibu rumah tangga. Predikat “sakinah”adalah mahkota kehidupan berumah tangga. Predikat ini selalu dicita-citakan, diagendakan, dan diperjuangkan oleh semua umat Islam. Dalam keluarga sakinah terdapat unsur adanya keharmonisan antar anggota rumah tangga, di dukung ketaatan beragama, baik suami atau istri taat pada Allah. Panjangnya usia pernikahan menentukan tingkat kesakinahan. Adanya kehormatan dan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas.
PERAN BAHASA ARAB DALAM PENGEMBANGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN PERADABAN ISLAM
Authors: Nurjana Nurjana
Published: August 2022

Puncak kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan peradaban Islam terjadi pada masa pemerintahan Bani Abbasiyah. Sejarah mencatat bahwa salah satu faktor penting keberhasilan pengembangan peradaban saat itu adalah karena berkembangnya gerakan penerjemahan (arabisasi) yang dimotori oleh elit penguasa, yaitu Harun al-Rasyid (786-809 M) dan Al-Makmun (786-833 M). Gerakan penerjemahan itu disosialisasikan dengan ditunjang oleh adanya pusat riset dan pendidikan seperti Bait al-Hikmah dan Dâr al Hikmah. Penerjemahan karya-karya asing tidak terbatas pada ilmu-ilmu dasar, filsafat Yunani, melainkan juga mencakup matematika, astronomi, isika, geometeri, optika, musik, dan kedokteran yang berasal dari bahasa Suryani, Persia dan India. umat Islam tidak hanya bertindak sebagai pengalih ilmu tetapi juga sebagai penyusun, pengembang, dan pembangun berbagai disiplin ilmu pengetahuan baru. Kesadaran umat Islam juga harus dibangkitkan, melalui berbagai lembaga pendidikan dan media massa bahwa belajar bahasa Arab itu tidak sekadar untuk memahami Islam, melainkan juga untuk memahami ilmu pengetahuan, yang kini sudah mulai banyak ditulis dalam bahasa Arab. Diperlukan juga upaya standarisasi kemampuan bahasa Arab bagi calon mahasiswa maupun calon lulusan Perguruan Tinggi (misalnya dengan TOAFL), sehingga mereka memiliki standar kompetensi dalam berbahasa Arab. Penciptaan lingkungan berbahasa Arab (dengan keteladanan dosen dalam berbahasa Arab sebagai bahasa akademik/ perkuliahan) penting digalakkan. Para dosen juga perlu membiasakan menulis karya ilmiah dalam bahasa Arab, sehingga dikenal oleh dunia luar, khususnya dunia Arab. Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang canggih, khususnya dalam bidang teknologi dan multimedia pendidikan bahasa Arab juga perlu dipikirkan bersama.
MANAJEMEN KEPALA MADRASAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU
Authors: Supangat Supangat
Published: August 2022

Keberhasilan dalam dunia pendidikan dapat diukur dari berbagai aspek. Mulai dari kualitas murid, kualitas pendidik, suasana lingkungan madrasah, sampai system administrasi madrasah. Akan tetapi, factor utama yang paling mempengaruhi dinamika pendidikan dimadrasah adalah pemimpin yang bertanggung jawab atas berjalannya miliu pendidikan, dalam hal ini adalah kepala Madrasah. Kepala madrasah adalah seorang manajer yang mengatur semua kegiatan pendidikan di madrasah tersebut. Mulai dari kegiatan akademik, kegiatan non academik, bahkan sampai bimbingan profesionalisme tenaga pendidik. Profesionalisme seorang guru dalam mengajar memang tidak hanya bergantung pada kepala sekolah saja, namun peran kepala madrasah dalam membimbing profesionalisme guru tidak bisa dianggap remeh. Kepala madrasah selaku pimpinan harius bertanggung jawab terhadap profesionalitas guru supaya kegiatan belajar mengajar di madrasah dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Tulisan ini adalah hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan penulis untung mengamati peranan manajemen kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan profesionalitas guru di MTsN 2 Tanjung Jabung Timur. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat membentu memahami kinerja manajemen kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan melalui profesionalitas guru.
PENGAWAS SEBAGAI GARDA TERDEPAN SISTEM PENJAMINAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN (KINERJA GURU DAN PROBLEMATIKA MUTU PAI)
Authors: Arif Syamsul
Published: August 2022

Pendidikan yang berkualitas merupakan salah satu tujuan pembelajaran di Indonesia. Tidak akan terwujud pendidikan yang berkualitas apabila faktor-faktor pendukungnya tidak berjalan sesuai dengan fungsinya. Guru sebagai pendidik memiliki peran sentral dalam mewujudkan pendidikan yang berkualitas ini. Namung beberapa kendala muncul menyebabkan kurang optimalnya kinerja guru. Tidak hanya pendidikan umum, pendidikan agama Islam pun mendapat sorotan mengenai mutu pendidikan yang masih kurang serta problematika yang dihadapinya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meneliti tentang kinerja guru pendidikan agama Islam serta problematika mutu pendidikan agama Islam yang muncul hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature riview atau tinjauan pustaka. Sumber data diperoleh dari berbagai referensi buku dan jurnal ilmiah. Kemudian data dihimpun dan dianalisis secara mendalam. Dari penelitian tersebut diperoleh hasil bahwa kinerja guru PAI masih kurang optimal hal ini terjadi karena kurangnya disiplin guru dalam ketepatan waktu dan mematuhi aturan sekolah, serta kurangnya guru menguasai kemampuan perencanaan perangkat pembelajaran. Selanjutnya problematika mutu pendidikan agama Islam muncul berdasarkan beberapa faktor baik pendidik, peserta didik, kurikulum, manajemen dan sarana dan prasarana.
Yabancı Bir Özel Okuldaki Türk ve Yabancı Öğretmenlerin Okullarının Örgütsel İtibar Yönetimine İlişkin Algıları
Authors: TÜMTÜRK Sinan , DENİZ Levent
Published: August 2022

Örgütsel itibar tüm örgütler için çok önemli ve mutlak surette yönetilmesi gereken maddi olmayan bir varlıktır. Eğitim örgütleri, eğitim sektöründeki rekabet güçlerini artırmak için maddi olmayan varlıklarını yönetmesi gereken sosyal örgütlerdir. Özel okullar arasındaki rekabetin her geçen gün daha da arttığı göz önüne alındığında ise eğitim örgütleri açısından paydaşların örgütsel itibar algısı son derece önemli hale gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte literatürde paydaşların ve özellikle öğretmenlerin örgütsel itibar yönetimine ilişkin algıları üzerine yapılan araştırmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle araştırmada yabancı bir özel okuldaki Türk ve yabancı öğretmenlerin okulun örgütsel itibar yönetimine ilişkin algıları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, yabancı bir özel okuldaki gönüllü 64 öğretmen ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Okullar için Örgütsel İtibar Yönetimi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Türk ve yabancı öğretmenlerin okulun örgütsel itibar yönetimi algılarına ilişkin liderlik, okul yönetimi, okula bağlılık, okul ortamı, finansal performans ve mezunlarla ilişkiler boyutlarında bir farklılık olmamasına karşılık sosyal sorumluluk boyutunda anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yabancı özel okullarda veri toplamanın zorluğu ve literatürde bu konuda kanıta dayalı verilerin olmaması nedeniyle gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın hem problem alanı hem de çalışılan grup açısından önemli olduğu söylenebilir.
COINFECÇÕES BACTERIANAS MULTIRRESISTENTES E PRÁTICA DE PRESCRIÇÃO DE ANTIBIÓTICOS EM ADULTOS COM COVID-19: UM ESTUDO CASO CONTROLE
Authors: Schwaab Guerini Isadora , Brandeleiro Werlang Maria Helena , Welter Wendt Guilherme , Braga Pereira Bento Casaril Kerley , Defante Ferreto Lirane Elize
Published: August 2022

A situação emergente nos serviços de saúde causada pelo coronavírus resultou em um aumento extenuante nas internações em UTI, assim como o uso de antimicrobianos, muitas vezes indicado para tratamento de coinfecções adquiridas no ambiente hospitalar. O presente estudo pretende descrever os fatores associados a coinfecções bacterianas com perfil de Multirresistência Microbiana (MR) comparando com pacientes sem perfil de multirresistência. Para isso, foi feito um estudo caso controle contendo 127 pacientes que foram hospitalizados com diagnóstico de COVID-19 e internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) do hospital de referência para 8ª Regional de Saúde de Francisco Beltrão-PR, Brasil, com evidência laboratorial e clínica de coinfecção. A idade média foi de 55,22 anos, variando de 24 a 86 anos, 85% dos pacientes foram internados no ano de 2021, 52,8% eram do sexo masculino, ficaram em média 17,72 dias internados em UTI e 79,5% possuíam pelo menos uma comorbidade, com destaque para a obesidade, diabetes e hipertensão arterial. De 66,1% pacientes com COVID-19 que foram a óbito, 52,4% tiveram pelo menos uma coinfecção por bactéria multirresistente (MR). Os pacientes com MR apresentaram um número maior de comorbidades, ficaram mais dias internados na UTI, usaram antimicrobianos por mais tempo, e a pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica foi variável, associada à presença de MR em pacientes com COVID-19.
Therapeutic hypercapnia. Review
Authors: Tolstun Denis , Muradian Khachik , Bezrukov Vladislav
Published: August 2022

In recent years, interest in hypercapnia and its practical applications has grown significantly. An analysis of literature data shows a wide range of systemic and local applications. Due to its powerful effect on blood circulation, vascular elasticity, activation of angiogenesis, and inhibition of pro-inflammatory factors, hypercapnia is already used in dermatology, phlebology, and therapy. Wide opportunities open up for practical use in neurology, given the powerful neuroprotective effect of carbon dioxide, which not only increases tolerance to ischemia, preventing the development of diseases but can also become a tool for the treatment of stroke and heart attack. The antitumor effect and the ability to reduce the level of metabolic processes also make hypercapnia an attractive geroprotector that will help in solving the issue of life extension.
Keywords: hypercapnia; hypoxia; cancer; diabetes; neuroprotection; longevity; carboxytherapy; ischemia; stroke
Effect of Water Absorption on the Mechanical Properties of Alkaline Treated Bamboo and Flax Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Prabhu Ravikantha , Mendonca Sharun , D’Souza Rudolf , Bhat Thirumaleshwara
Published: August 2022

Untreated and alkaline treated bamboo and flax fiber reinforced epoxy composites are processed using a hand layup process. The effect of alkaline treatment on the mechanical properties of the composites has been analysed. Alkaline treatment of the fiber has enhanced the mechanical properties of the developed composites. Composite reinforced with 5 % NaOH treated fiber show better performance when compared with untreated fiber reinforced composites. Alkaline treatment of the bamboo and flax fiber with 5 % NaOH has improved the hardness by 3.57 and 2.43 %, tensile strength by 47 and 20.72 % and flexural strength by 7.36 and 13.85 % in bamboo and flax fiber reinforced composites, respectively. The increase in the percentage NaOH in the alkaline treatment of the fibers resulted in weakening of fiber resulting in a drop in the properties of the developed composites. Water absorption tests of the developed composites were conducted as per ASTM D570 by immersion in distilled water at room temperature. The influence of water absorption on mechanical properties of developed composites is also examined. The quantity of water absorption and diffusion coefficient are reduced with alkaline treatment of fiber. Mechanical properties of the composite were found to decrease by the water absorption, which can be controlled by alkaline treatment of fiber and thereby reducing water absorption rate and improve the mechanical properties of the composites.

HIGHLIGHTS

Reinforcing natural fiber in polymer resin is highly beneficial because it helps to improves the strength and toughness of the polymer

Moisture absorption rate and lack of interfacial adhesion between the polymer and natural fiber made natural fiber reinforced composites less attractive compared to synthetic fiber reinforced composites

Alkaline treatment of the natural fiber increases the fiber surface roughness, which results in improved mechanical interlock between fiber and matrix, resulting in improved mechanical and water resistance properties of the developed composites

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Recent Advance of Histone Modification in Gastric Cancer : A Review
Authors: Arif. S. Shekh  , Kanchan. S. Mangate  , Nita. D. Khedekar  , M. Avez M. Ayaz  , Dr. K. R. Biyani
Published: August 2022

Epigenetics play important roles during development progress of tumor. The histone modifications are the most important constitutedfield. Recently, accumulating research focused on exploring the roles of those modifications in regulating tumorigenesis. Moreover, the dysregulation of histone modifications is supposed to have vital clinical significance. Numerous histone modifications have the potential to be prognostic biomarkers, monitoring response of therapy, early diagnostic markers. Herein, we review the recent advances of histone modifications involving development of gastric cancer.Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent tumors in the world. Stomach adenocarcinoma is a heterogeneous tumor, turning the prognosisprediction and patients’ clinical management difficult. Some diagnosis tests for GC are been development using knowledge based in polymorphisms, somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) and aberrant histone methylation. This last event, a posttranslational modification that occurs at the chromatin level, is an important epigenetic alteration seen in several tumors including stomach adenocarcinoma. Histone methyltransferases (HMT) are the proteins responsible for the methylation in specific amino acids residues of histones tails. Here, were presented several HMTs that could be relating to GC process.
Robotic IP-Based Surveillance using IOT
Authors: Pradeep Nayak  , Fathima Thahiba  , Likhit Kumar  , Deekshith  , Diya H B
Published: August 2022

In contemporary world, the word "surveillance" has become increasingly important. Various articles with respect to expanding crime percentage has being eminent day to day, yet can't follow out because of absence of confirmations. . In such a circumstance, one must accompany extreme attention to detail and got with oneself, which can be given by Surveillance. Observation is only checking from a good ways through devices made by hardware, like even robots. IOT (web of things) stage associates these devices so clients can perform tasks with contraptions living anyplace on Earth. This canny security robot utilizing IOT will kept at central issues of home to really take a look at about the presence of any interloper. The camera fixed with robot gives the image of gatecrasher in a 'live-stream' strategy. The Node MCU joined GSM module tells about the presence of gatecrasher when PIR sensor connected to robot distinguishes a human and the bell at the client end begins sound in this way cautioning him against the gatecrasher. Every one of these are controlled, observed and directed under Raspberry pi board. With the given website page that connected to an IP address, one can work this robot by means of portable associated with Internet, which is a critical resource.
A Review on Cyber Security
Authors: Manjunath H R  , Prashanth N M  , Prathiksha L Shetty  , Preethi M Rao  , Prenita Prinsal Saldanha
Published: August 2022

Virtual simulation experiment teaching is an important content of higher education information construction and experimental teaching demonstration centre construction, and is the product of the deep integration of discipline and information technology. At present, traditional crimes in China are gradually shifting to the Internet, and cybercrimes are frequently and frequently occurring, seriously endangering national security, social order and people's interests. The forging of a team of high-quality professionals in network security and law enforcement is the inevitable path to effectively crack down on network crimes and realise the comprehensive governance of network crimes, and also provides a new examination question for the teaching of network security law enforcement. In view of the network security law enforcement routine practice teaching cannot cover all types of the experiment, especially some reach or irreversible operations (such as electronic data on-site inspection, etc.), and need high cost, large comprehensive experiments training (such as a variety of types involved network crimes probing experiment, etc.), virtual simulation experiment teaching has become an important method in the teaching of network security law enforcement Therefore, combining with the characteristics of network security law enforcement major, exploring the establishment of virtual simulation experimental teaching platform for network security law enforcement plays a crucial role in the teaching of network security law enforcement experiment and practical training
Face Recognition Attendance System Method Based on Fusion of LBP and HOG
Authors: Vrunda Mahajan  , Dr. Priti Subramanium
Published: August 2022

As one of the hot topics in the field of computer vision research, face recognition technology has received significant attention due to its potentiality for a wide range of applications in government as well as commercial purposes. In practical applications, although several existing face recognition methods have achieved good performances in specific scenes, they easily suffer from a sharp decline in recognition rate if affected by different conditions of light, expression, posture and occlusion. Among many factors, influences of complex illuminations on face recognition are particularly significant. To further improve the performance of the existing local binary pattern (LBP) operator, neighbourhood weighted average LBP (NWALBP) is first proposed for fully considering the strong correlations between pixel pairs in the neighbourhood, which extends the traditional LBP uni-layer neighbourhood template window to the bi-layer neighbourhood template window and calculates the weighted average of bi-layer neighbourhood pixels in each direction. Then, inspired by centre symmetric LBP (CS-LBP), centre symmetric NWALBP (CS-NWALBP) is further proposed, which can effectively reduce computation complexity by only comparing the weighted average values of the neighbourhood pixels that are symmetric about the centre pixel. Finally, by combining the merit of histogram of oriented gradient (HOG), a feature fusion algorithm named CS-NWALBP+HOG is suggested. Several experiments have eventually demonstrated that our proposed algorithms have more robust performance under complex illumination conditions if compared with many other latest algorithms.
Survey on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Mr. Pradeep Nayak  , Sharanya  , Sheekha  , Shetty Yash  , Shivaraj
Published: August 2022

The digital world has brought efficiencies, innovative new products and strong relationships with customers worldwide through the effective use of mobile devices, IoT (Internet of Things), social media, analytics, and cloud technologies to generate models for better decisions. Blockchain was recently introduced and revolutionized the digital world by bringing a new perspective on the security, resilience, and efficiency of systems. Although originally popularized by bitcoin, blockchain is much more than oneBase for cryptocurrency. It provides a secure way to share any kind of good, service or transaction. In addition, blockchain offers lower business costs with a trusted contract that is monitored without third-party intervention, which may not add direct value. It enables smart contracts, commitments and agreements with strong, inherent cyber security features. This paper contains a complete description of blockchain technology..
ZigBee Technology
Authors: Vaishali  , Varsha A M  , Tejaswini G  , Vandan M Shetty
Published: August 2022

Recent years have seen a quick improvement in the remote organization region. Up to this point remote systems administration has been centered around rapid and long reach applications. Be that as it may, there are numerous remote checking and control applications for modern and home conditions which require longer battery duration, lower information rates and less intricacy than those from existing principles. For such remote applications another standard called ZigBee has been created by the ZigBee Alliance. ZigBee is a mechanical standard made for Control and sensor organizations. It depends on the IEEE 802.15.4 norm. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard indicates the PHY Layer and MAC Layer for low information rate remote PANs. This paper incorporates ZigBee Alliance, IEEE 802.15.4 model, applications and benefits of ZigBee, future extent of ZigBee..
Photometrical and trajectory observations of near-Earth space objects at Sayan solar observatory of the ISTP SB RAS
Authors: Коробцев И.В. , Мишина М.Н. , Еселевич М.В.
Published: August 2022

В работе приводятся результаты оптических наблюдений космического мусора, образовавшегося 28 февраля 2018 г. в области геостационарной орбиты при разрушении верхней ступени Titan 3C Transtage 17. Сбор траекторной и фотометрической информации выполнялся на телескопах Саянской солнечной обсерватории ИСЗФ СО РАН для уточнения параметров орбит фрагментов, определения характеристик их поверхностей, периодов собственного вращения. Представлены результаты анализа полученных измерений. Приведены оценки изменения площади отражающей поверхности разрушившегося объекта и размеров наиболее крупного фрагмента.

The paper presents the results of optical observations of space debris formed by the breakup of the Titan 3C Transtage 17 upper stage on February 28, 2018 in the region of the geostationary orbit. The trajectory and photometrical information acquisition was performed on telescopes at the Sayan Solar Observatory of the ISTP SB RAS to improve the orbital parameters of the fragments, characteristics of their surfaces and proper rotation periods. The results of the analysis of the obtained measurements are presented. Estimates of the change in the surface reflecting area of the break-up object and the size of the largest fragment are given.
Results of space debris research using the groundwork of the ISON project
Authors: Молотов И.Е. , Чжу Т. , Еленин Л.В. , Юй Ш. , Стрельцов А.И. , Чжан Ч. , Захваткин М.В. , Степаньянц В.А. , Шильдкнехт Т. , Грациани Ф. , Магомед Н. , Абдельазиз А.М. , Тилиб С.К. , Шила И. , Левшунов А.С. , Выхристенко А.М. , Русаков О.П. , Сибиченкова М.А.
Published: August 2022

Инициативный проект ИСОН стартовал в 2004 г. при поддержке грантов. В широкой международной кооперации был отработан полный цикл исследований т.н. космического мусора - постановка задач, широкоугольные оптические телескопы, программное обеспечение, места для обсерваторий, модель популяции. ИСОН стал инкубатором инновационных решений, которые были внедрены при создании обсерваторий Роскосмоса и организаций промышленности. Глобальная межведомственная сеть включала 100 телескопов, что позволило получить научные и прикладные результаты мирового уровня. В последние годы ИСОН в составе 44 телескопов снова стал независимым международным проектом, выполняющим научные и прикладные работы за счет грантов.

The initiative ISON project started in 2004 with the support of grants. In a broad international cooperation, a full cycle of research on so-called space debris was worked out - setting tasks, wide-angle optical telescopes, software, places for observatories, a population model. And ISON became an incubator of innovative solutions that were implemented when creating observatories of Roscosmos and industrial organizations. The global interdepartmental network included 100 telescopes, which made it possible to obtain world-class scientific and applied results. In recent years, ISON, consisting of 44 telescopes, has again become an independent international project that performs scientific and applied work at the expense of grants.
Comparative Analysis of Sky Survey Strategies to Counter Asteroid-Comet Hazard
Authors: Прохоров М.Е. , Захаров А.И. , Тучин М.С. , Кузнецова И.В.
Published: August 2022

Малые тела солнечной системы, вызывающие проблемы астероидно-кометной опасности (АКО), можно условно разделить на «астероиды» и «кометы». Сегодня мы можем предсказать орбиты потенциально опасных астероидов с необходимой точностью, за исключением недавно открытых, на 100-200 лет вперед. Для предсказания столкновения с «астероидами» необходимо составить как можно более полный их список и регулярно улучшать параметры их орбитального движения. Сегодня мы уже знаем практически 90% опасных астероидов размером 1 км и более, но список 100-м опасных астероидов полон по разным оценкам не более, чем на 10%. Ситуация с «кометами» иная. Под такими объектами подразумеваются ранее неизвестные кометы и астероиды, которые должны столкнуться с Землей при первом пролете через внутренние области Солнечной системы после их открытия. Стратегия обнаружения «опасных комет» коренным образом отличается от обнаружения и наблюдения опасных «астероидов». Для «опасных комет» должен вестись постоянный обзор всего неба с целью как можно более раннего их обнаружения.

Small bodies of the Solar System that cause problems of asteroid-comet hazard can be divided into “asteroids” and “comets”. Today we can predict the orbits of potentially hazardous asteroids with the required accuracy, with the exception of recently discovered ones, 100-200 years ahead. To predict collisions with “asteroids” it is necessary to compile as complete a list as possible and regularly improve the parameters of their orbital motion. Today, we already know almost 90% of dangerous asteroids 1 km in size or more, but the list of 100 m dangerous asteroids is complete, according to various estimates, by no more than 10%. The situation with “comets” is different. Such objects are previously unknown comets and asteroids, which should collide with the Earth during the first passage through the inner solar system after their discovery. Discovery strategy “dangerous comets” is fundamentally different from detection and observation of dangerous “asteroids”. For “dangerous comets” a continuous survey of the entire sky should be carried out in order to detect them as early as possible.
Urban Morphology as an emerging interdisciplinary field
Authors: Moudon Anne Vernez
Published: August 2022

The forces and events leading to the formation of the International Seminar on Urban Form (ISUF) are identified. ISUF is expanding the field of urban morphology beyond its original confines in geography, particularly into the domains of architecture and planning. Three schools of urban morphology, in England, Italy and France, are coming together, following seminal work by two morphologists, M.R.G. Conzen and Saverio Muratori. The bringing together of these schools provides the basis for an interdisciplinary field and the opportunity to establish common theoretical foundations for the growing number of urban morphologists in many parts of the world. ISUF's ambitious mission is to address real and timely issues concerning city building by providing a forum for thought and action which includes related disciplines and professions in different cultures. The potential of an interdisciplinary urban morphology to contribute to the understanding and management of urban development in a period of unprecedented change is discussed.
The evolution of block size and form in North American and Australian city centres
Authors: Siksna Arnis
Published: August 2022

The paper describes a comparative study of block size and form in twelve North American and Australian city centres. The purpose of the study was to analyse the effect of different initial block sizes and forms on the nature of subsequent urban development, in terms of land parcelling, building forms, circulation patterns, and partly also of land use. The study considered the evolution of the block and layout pattern since the initial layout was established, and its present form and performance. The findings demonstrate that certain block forms and dimensions perform better than others, in particular aspects and circumstances, and that the choice of initial block forms and sizes leads to predictable consequences and processes in subsequent development. The method used offers a systematic basis for other comparative studies of the influence of differing block forms and sizes in both historical and contemporary urban fabrics.
Residential building types in Italy before 1930: the significance of local typological processes
Authors: Corsini Maria Grazia
Published: August 2022

I tipi edilizi residenziali in Italia fino al 1930: permanenze e derivazioni dai processi tipologici locali. La maggior parte del tessuto edilizio dei quartieri progettati in Italia dalla seconda metà dell' Ottocento ad oggi è costituito dalla casa plurifamiliare ad appartamenti o `casa in linea'. La casa in linea dei primi quartieri di espansione rappresenta la codificazione del tipo plurifamiliare nato nella città antica dal riuso dell'edilizia monofamiliare medioevale, attraverso fenomeni di rifusione e sopraelevazione. Per questo, esaminando in comparazione i quartieri residenziali di città italiane progettati e realizzati dalla metà dell' Ottocento ai primi decenni del Novecento si rilevano, insieme a caratteri comuni nel tessuto e nell'edilizia, accezioni particolari e differenziazioni locali, nella struttura, nella distribuzione e soprattutto nel sistema di aggregazione della casa in linea, dovute alla permanenza e continuità di processi tipologici autoctoni ereditati dalla città antica. La ricostruzione dei processi tipologici locali diventa indispensabile per giungere al recupero del progetto riferito all'esperienza edilizia storica dell'area culturale di appartenenza, in stretta connessione e continuità con la cultura dei luoghi. L'analisi si sviluppa nella comparazione dei processi tipologici di tre città italiane, Genova, Roma, Milano.
The study of urban form in France
Authors: Darin Michaël
Published: August 2022

This paper reviews urban morphological research in France, mainly since the early 1970s within schools of architecture. Changes in the nature of the studies undertaken are discussed in relation to a number of contextual developments and earlier types of study: first, two historiographical traditions, namely the history of town planning and the topographical histories of individual cities; secondly, studies carried out in the first half of the century; and thirdly, research since the 1960s in disciplines other than architecture.
Taking measures across the medieval landscape: aspects of urban design before the Renaissance
Authors: Lilley Keith D.
Published: August 2022

This paper considers the significance of geometrical knowledge and the role of surveying as influences on medieval town plans in Europe. Analyses of selected plans show signs that improvements in methods of measurement made it possible to lay out towns with greater accuracy from the mid-twelfth century onwards, and that surveying techniques based on practical and theoretical geometry were used to produce towns with orthogonal plans. It is suggested that orthogonal town plans had symbolic importance in the Middle Ages.
Versailles as an urban model: new court-towns in Germany circa 1700
Authors: Fehl Gerhard
Published: August 2022

At the beginning of the eighteenth century in western Europe a new urbanism emerged. Modern warfare and welfare, modern centralized state administration and modern liberties demanded new urban forms: unfortified towns, safe and healthy, expressing the structure of absolutist reign, and accommodating a growing `army' of civil servants. Neither existing fortified towns nor `ideal towns' of the past could fulfill the new demands. New towns had to be constructed and a new model found for them that broke the ties of tradition. Versailles offered such a model - a Palladian model, transposed from country to town. The case of its first application in Germany, the newly-founded town of Rastatt, is discussed.
The morphological history of Istanbul
Authors: Kubat Ayşe Sema
Published: August 2022

Istanbul's old core has been influenced by several cultures: Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman and Turkish. This reflects the city's position at the meeting point of the continents of Europe and Asia. The paper examines the characteristics of the morphological periods associated with each cultural influence. In addition to assessing the morphological history of the core of the city by using space syntax, the city's social history is explored, especially in terms of the city's ceremonial and symbolic nature.
The plans of medieval Polish towns
Authors: Koter Marek , Kulesza Mariusz
Published: August 2022

The origins of Polish towns can be traced to the beginning of the Polish state. Most of them were founded before town charters existed, in the period between the end of the tenth century and the beginning of the thirteenth century. Most of the towns developed where there already existed a gród (the fortified seat of a local sovereign), craftsmen, and an incipient market. The first charters were granted at the beginning of the thirteenth century. By the end of the fifteenth century as many as 800 towns were chartered. In most cases, towns incorporated in their plans elements from the irregular layouts of existing settlements. Few towns were founded on previously undeveloped sites. Nevertheless, there still exist fine examples of perfectly formed regular Gothic towns.
French belt boulevards
Authors: Darin Michael
Published: August 2022

As the evolution of French belt boulevards clearly shows, it is the interaction between urban planning and 'spontaneous' urban dynamics which creates urban forms, in this case prestigious ones. A comparison of twenty such boulevards in a number of cities provides insights into the formation and transformation of these major urban forms, their morphological features and their role in contemporary urban planning.
Distribution of radionuclides in mountain soils (on the example of the Maikop region of the Republic of Adygea)
Authors: Buraeva Elena , Shiryaeva Anastasia , Bezuglova Olga
Published: August 2022

The paper presents the results of studies of the activity concentration of radionuclides in zonal and intrazonal mountain soils of the North Caucasus (on the example of the Maikop region of the Republic of Adygea). The radionuclide composition of brown forest, sod-silicate, sod-alluvial, and meadow soils was assessed. Soil sampling sites are located on various relief elements. It is shown that the maximum activity concentration of artificial 137Cs are recorded in areas located in relief depressions. It has been established that in the absence of technogenic influence (adits, field development, etc.), the activity concentration of natural radionuclides is poorly differentiated depending on the type of soil and parent rocks and averages 25.0 Bq/kg, 30.3 Bq/kg and 425 .1 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, respectively. Keywords: NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES, 137Cs, SOILS, ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION, DISTRIBUTION
EFL Students’ Attitude toward Collaborative Strategic Reading in Reading Classroom
Authors: Oktarina Hanifah
Published: August 2022

Focusing on attitude toward teaching strategies and promoting collaboration in teaching reading have been widely acknowledged to have impact on students’ achievement and attitude. This study explores the students’ attitude toward the implementation of CSR. Conducted under qualitative research design, this study involved 21 high school students who were classified into low- and high-achievers. To collect the data, the study administered a set of instruments: questionnaire, and interview. The data from the questionnaire were analysed by determining the means of the items and percentages of the students’ responses, and the interview data were analysed qualitatively. The findings from questionnaire and interview were in line with the students’ reading performance in which the high achievers gave more “agree” responses. They believed that CSR helped them develop their reading comprehension in terms of determining main idea, and increasing vocabularies. However, for the low achieving group, the only effect of CSR was the acknowledgement of its contribution to their increase in vocabulary. The study offers recommendations for teaching practice as well as for further research.
Transition to Online Learning: Implementing the TPACK Framework by English Teachers due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ivansyah Obos Achmad , Aridah Aridah , Rusmawaty Desy Rusmawaty
Published: August 2022

The objectives of this research is to explore how the English teachers implement TPACK in online learning context and to know the challenges faced by the English teachers in implementing TPACK. There were several studies in the implementation of TPACK, but still less on the discussion about the challenges that the English teachers faced while implementing it, particularly in the online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed a descriptive design with a qualitative approach, which were analyzed descriptively through reducing inappropriate data, displaying and concluding data. The results of the data revealed that the English teachers of Bunga Bangsa Islamic Junior High School Samarinda had implemented TPACK in online learning context by using WhatsApp, Zoom meeting and Google Classroom as the technologies used to teaching, conducting demonstration and recitation method as the pedagogy to teach about “object pronoun” and “will and going to” as the content. There are some challenges faced by the English teachers when they implemented TPACK in online learning context such as limited quota, bad signal of internet, students’ behavior and adapt to the applications used such as WhatsApp, Zoom meeting and Google Classroom.
Extended ArmSpeech: Armenian Spoken Language Corpus
Authors: Baghdasaryan Varuzhan H.
Published: August 2022

The first paper of ArmSpeech presented an annotative native Armenian speech corpus, its data collection, preprocessing and annotation processes, corpus structure and statistics. The main reason for ArmSpeech creation is to increase Armenian language research resources because according to research there are no free or paid Armenian speech corpora for speech-to-text, text-to-speech and language research. From an NLP perspective, the Armenian language is a low-resourced language despite the fact that The Armenian language is an independent branch of the Indo-European language family and the native language of 12-15 million people. ArmSpeech corpus can be used in natural language processing (NLP) research. The first release of the corpus mainly contains audio clips extracted from free-to-use audiobooks. The total duration of audio clips is 11.77 hours. ArmSpeech’s first release corpus includes 6206 audio clips of multiple speakers of any age, gender and accent. This paper intends to present the ArmSpeech extended version, which is a continuation of the previous work, includes an annotated Armenian speech, and the recording process is based on the volunteer’s voice donation principle. The paper also introduces necessary data collection, pre-processing, recording and annotation stages, final results and statistics of the corpus. The material (text) needed for the recording was collected from the articles on Armenian news websites about lifestyle, culture, sport and politics․ Recording was done by 1 female and 3 male volunteers whose native language is Armenian. The total duration of the data included in the second release is approximately 4 hours and along with the first release, the ArmSpeech corpus becomes 15.7 hours.
Distribution and Randomness of the Numbers in √2
Authors: Cabanlit Jr. Epimaco A. , Bingco Bethany Love E.
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the distribution and randomness of numbers in square root 2. Rstudio was used in extracting the square root of 2 up to 1,000 digits. The Chi-square test is used for testing the uniformity of the numbers, and the runs test is used for testing the randomness of the numbers. Results show that the distributions of the generated numbers for n = 100 and for n = 1,000 are uniform. The sequence of numbers generated for n = 100 and n = 1,000 appears to be random.
Teknologi Perubahan Terhadap Kehidupan Beragama
Authors: Tawaqal Rizki Surya , Meltareza Ridma
Published: August 2022

Perkembangan informasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan kehadiran teknologi. Perkembangan teknologi untuk sekarang memberikan dampak yang sangat besar kepada ilmu komunikasi dan juga jalur komunikasi itu sendiri yang terjadi diantara individu. Dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi informasi, secara langsung atau tidak langsung telah memberikan perubahan perilaku pada diri seseorang. Proses komunikasi antar pribadi juga dipengaruhi banyak oleh adanya perkembangan teknologi informasi. Kehidupan nyata di tengah sosial masyarakat juga terkena dampak dari teknologi informasi, salah satunya dalam konteks kehidupan beragama. Teknologi informasi dalam implementasinya di kehidupan masyarakat berpengaruh banyak  terhadap kelangsungan kegiatan manusia dalam menjalankan ibadah agamanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan perilaku dengan lahirnya perkembangan teknologi informasi dalam konteks kehidupan beragama. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil pembahasan dari penelitian ini ada beberapa fenomena yang mempunyai perubahan perilaku dalam konteks beragama. Fenomena dakwah yang selama ini dkenal dengan komunikasi tatap muka dapat dilakukan secara digital yakni menggunakan fasilitas internet sehingga orang dapat menyaksikannya di media sosial dan tidak secara tatap muka. Metode pembelajaran pendidikan agama juga sudah mempunyai perubahan, seperti proses belajar e-learning yang dapat dilakukan ke anak-anak dengan menggunakan compact disc (CD) atau aplikasi digital lainnya sehingga proses belajar dapat diulang-ulang sampai bisa dan tentu tidak menggunakan metode belajar konservatif dimana guru dan murid bertatap muka secara langsung. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perubahan perilaku dalam kehidupan beragama telah menggeser beberapa aspek yang selama ini telah dilakukan dikarenakan adanya perkembangan teknologi informasi.
A Review on the Modelling of Wave-Structure Interactions Based on OpenFOAM
Authors: Huang Luofeng , Li Yuzhu , Benites-Munoz Daniela , Windt Christian Windt , Feichtner Anna , Tavakoli Sasan , Davidson Josh , Paredes Ruben , Quintuna Tadea , Ransley Edward , Colombo Marco , Li Minghao , Cardiff Philip , Tabor Gavin
Published: August 2022

The modelling of wave-structure interaction (WSI) has significant applications in understanding natural processes as well as securing the safety and efficiency of marine engineering. Based on the technique of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the open-source simulation framework - OpenFOAM, this paper provides a state-of-the-art review of WSI modelling methods. The review categorises WSI scenarios and suggests their suitable computational approaches, concerning a rigid, deformable or porous structure in regular, irregular, non-breaking or breaking waves. Extensions of WSI modelling for wave-structure-seabed interactions and various wave energy converters are also introduced. As a result, the present review aims to help understand the CFD modelling of WSI and guide the use of OpenFOAM for target WSI problems.