bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Germline competent mesoderm: the substrate for vertebrate germline and somatic stem cells?
Authors: Savage Aaron M. , Alberio Ramiro , Johnson Andrew D.
Published: October 2021

In vitro production of tissue-specific stem cells [e.g. haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)] is a key goal of regenerative medicine. However, recent efforts to produce fully functional tissue-specific stem cells have fallen short. One possible cause of shortcomings may be that model organisms used to characterize basic vertebrate embryology (Xenopus, zebrafish, chick) may employ molecular mechanisms for stem cell specification that are not conserved in humans, a prominent example being the specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs). Germ plasm irreversibly specifies PGCs in many models; however, it is not conserved in humans, which produce PGCs from tissue termed germline-competent mesoderm (GLCM). GLCM is not conserved in organisms containing germ plasm, or even in mice, but understanding its developmental potential could unlock successful production of other stem cell types. GLCM was first discovered in embryos from the axolotl and its conservation has since been demonstrated in pigs, which develop from a flat-disc embryo like humans. Together these findings suggest that GLCM is a conserved basal trait of vertebrate embryos. Moreover, the immortal nature of germ cells suggests that immortality is retained during GLCM specification; here we suggest that the demonstrated pluripotency of GLCM accounts for retention of immortality in somatic stem cell types as well.

This article has an associated Future Leaders to Watch interview with the author of the paper.
Supported, ∼1-nm-Sized Platinum Clusters: Controlled Preparation and Enhanced Catalytic Activity
Authors: Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Shimizu Nobuyuki , Mitomi Yusuke , Yazaki Daichi , Hossain Sakiat , Negishi Yuichi
Published: October 2021

We have been aiming to reduce the amount of platinum (Pt) needed in catalysts for automobile exhaust-gas purification and fuel cell electrodes. To achieve this, we have attempted to: 1) establish simple methods for synthesizing ligand-protected ∼1-nm-sized Pt clusters with a narrow distribution in the number of constituent atoms; 2) load these clusters onto supports, while retaining their number of constituent atoms, to prepare supported ∼1-nm-sized Pt clusters; and 3) elucidate the catalytic activity of each type of supported ∼1-nm-sized Pt cluster. These studies have revealed that: 1) ligand-protected ∼1-nm-sized Pt clusters stable in the atmosphere can be isolated with high purity by a combination of polyol reduction and ligand-exchange reaction; 2) ∼1-nm-sized Pt clusters can be loaded onto the support without aggregation when the clusters are adsorbed on the support and then calcined at an appropriate temperature; and 3) Pt17 clusters loaded onto γ-alumina exhibit high activity and durability for exhaust-gas purification, whereas Ptn clusters (n = ∼35, ∼51, or ∼66) loaded onto carbon black exhibit high activity and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction (which occurs at fuel cell electrodes). This account describes our previous studies and explores future prospects for supported ∼1-nm-sized Pt clusters.
Presentation of cytokine profile in relation to oxidative stress parameters in patients with severe COVID-19: a case-control pilot study
Authors: Petrushevska Marija , Zendelovska Dragica , Atanasovska Emilija , Eftimov Aleksandar , Spasovska Katerina
Published: October 2021

Introduction: COVID-19 can be worsened by hyper-production of cytokines accompanied by increased level of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between a set of cytokines and the markers of the oxidative stress.

Methods: The levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL8, IL-10, VEGF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α, MCP-1 and EGF were determined by using High Sensitivity Evidence Investigator™ Biochip Array technology. The oxidative stress parameters (d-ROM, PAT, OS index) were measured in serum on FRAS5 analytical photometric system.

Results: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, MCP-1 and EGF were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the patients with severe COVID-19 with increased levels of IL-2, IFN-y, TNF-α and IL-1α. The d-ROM, OS index, and PAT were significantly higher (p<0.05) in severe COVID-19 patients. IL-6 demonstrated the strongest correlation with all of the markers of the oxidative stress, d-ROM (r=0.9725, p=0.0001), PAT (r=0.5000, p=0.0001) and OS index (r=0.9593, p=0.012). Similar behavior was evidenced between IFN-y and d-ROM (r=0.4006, p=0.0001), PAT (r=0.6030, p=0.0001) and OS index (r=0.4298, p=0.012).

Conclusion: The oxidative stress markers show good correlation with the tested cytokines which can be measured at the beginning of the disease in a primary care setting to predict the course of COVID-19.
Differential enrichment of yeast DNA in SARS-CoV-2 and related genomes supports synthetic origin hypothesis
Authors: Lisewski Andreas Martin
Published: October 2021

Background: Knowledge about the origin of SARS-CoV-2 is necessary for both a biological and epidemiological understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence suggests that a proximal evolutionary ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the bat coronavirus family. However, as further evidence for a direct zoonosis remains limited, alternative modes of SARS-CoV-2 biogenesis should be also considered.   

Results: Here we show that the genomes from SARS-CoV-2 and from SARS-CoV-1 are differentially enriched with short chromosomal sequences from the yeast S. cerevisiae at focal positions that are known to be critical for virus replication, host cell invasion, and host immune response. Specifically, for SARS-CoV-2, we identify two sites: one at the start of the viral replicase domain, and the other at the end of the spike gene past its critical domain junction; for SARS-CoV-1, one at the start of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene, and the other at the start of the spike protein’s receptor binding domain. As yeast is not a natural host for this virus family, we propose a directed passage model for viral constructs, including virus replicase, in yeast cells based on co-transformation of virus DNA plasmids carrying yeast selectable genetic markers followed by intra-chromosomal homologous recombination through gene conversion. Highly differential sequence homology data across yeast chromosomes congruent with chromosomes harboring specific auxotrophic markers further support this passage model. Model and data together allow us to infer a hypothetical tripartite genome assembly scheme for the synthetic biogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1.  

Conclusions: These results provide evidence that the genome sequences of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, but not that of RaTG13, BANAL-20-52 and all other closest SARS coronavirus family members identified, are carriers of distinct homology signals that might point to large-scale genomic editing during a passage of directed replication and chromosomal integration inside genetically modified yeast cells.
Hydrogen and deuterium charging of site-specific specimen for atom probe tomography
Authors: Khanchandani Heena , Kim Se-Ho , Varanasi Rama Srinivas , Prithiv TS , Stephenson Leigh T. , Gault Baptiste
Published: October 2021

Hydrogen embrittlement can cause a dramatic deterioration of the mechanical properties of high-strength metallic materials. Despite decades of experimental and modelling studies, the exact underlying mechanisms behind hydrogen embrittlement remain elusive. To unlock understanding of the mechanism and thereby help mitigate the influence of hydrogen and the associated embrittlement, it is essential to examine the interactions of hydrogen with structural defects such as grain boundaries, dislocations and stacking faults. Atom probe tomography (APT) can, in principle, analyse hydrogen located specifically at such microstructural features but faces strong challenges when it comes to charging specimens with hydrogen or deuterium. Here, we describe three different workflows enabling hydrogen/deuterium charging of site-specific APT specimens: namely cathodic, plasma and gas charging. We discuss in detail the caveats of the different approaches in order to help future research efforts and facilitate further studies of hydrogen in metals. Our study demonstrates successful cathodic and gas charging, with the latter being more promising for the analysis of the high-strength steels at the core of our work.
The Gambia National Eye Health Survey 2019: survey protocol
Authors: Hydara Abba , Bastawrous Andrew , Bell Suzannah , Boggs Dorothy , Bright Tess , Bobat Hannaa , Eaton Julian , Faal Hannah , Jobe Modou , Kim Min J. , Kirkpatrick Ben , McCormick Ian , Okoh John Atta , Olaniyan Segun Isaac , Prentice Andrew M. , Ramke Jacqueline , Taylor Ruth , Burton Matthew J , Mactaggart Islay
Published: October 2021

Two national surveys of vision impairment and blindness were undertaken in The Gambia in 1986 and 1996. These provided data for the inception of The Gambia’s National Eye Health Programme (NEHP) within the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. There have been important developments in the eye health services provided by the NEHP in the last 20 years. At the same time, the population has also undergone major demographic changes that may have led to substantial changes in the burden of eye disease.

We conducted a National Eye Health Survey of vision impairment, blindness and its comorbidities in adults in The Gambia in 2019. We examined a nationally representative population-based sample of adults 35 years and above to permit direct comparison with the data available from the previous surveys.

Alongside a comprehensive vision and eye examination, the survey provides nationally representative data on important comorbidities in this population: diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hearing impairment, disability and mental health. Secondly, it estimates access to assistive technologies and eye health services. Thirdly, it is powered to allow a five-year follow up cohort study to measure the incidence and progression of eye disease.
Six-Month Follow-up for Investigating the Effect of Prophylactic Lymphovenous Anastomosis on the Prevention of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Preliminary Study in a Single Institution
Authors: Yoon Jin A , Lee Hyun Seung , Lee Jae Woo , Kim Joo Hyoung
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the effect of prophylactic lymphovenous anastomosis on the prevention of arm lymphedema after axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer treatment.Methods: Among 69 women referred to undergo axillary lymph node dissection from January 2020 to June 2020, 21 were assigned to the treatment group and 48 to the control group. In the treatment group, 21 patients underwent prophylactic lymphovenous anastomosis for the prevention of breast cancer-related lymphedema. The other 48 patients in the control group did not undergo any preventive surgical treatment. Prophylactic lymphovenous anastomosis was performed at the same time as axillary lymph node dissection and breast cancer surgery. Postoperatively, all patients underwent circumferential measurements at 1, 3, and 6 months and lymphography at 6 months after the surgery. Results: None of the patients in the treatment group had lymphedema after the surgery (0%). In the control group, lymphedema occurred in nine patients (18.8%, p=0.049). No significant differences in the arm circumference were observed in the treatment group during follow-up (p>0.05), whereas the arm circumference in the control group showed a significant increase at 1, 3, and 6 months after axillary lymph node dissection (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the arm circumference changes with respect to baseline at 1, 3, and 6 months after axillary lymph node dissection (p>0.05). Conclusion: Prophylactic lymphovenous anastomosis represents a valid super microsurgical technique for the primary prevention of breast cancer-related lymphedema.
Pessoa surda e autonomia freireana: o ciberespaço como meio de soerguimento
Authors: França Jéssica Bittencourt , Casteleira Rodrigo Pedro
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho pretende expor, ainda que de modo teórico, as possibilidades para a interação, autonomia e disseminação da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS) da comunidade surda tendo como intermédio os ciberespaços ou a geografia virtual. Estes entendidos como os meios de acesso às redes de internet que facilitam essa interação com um universo sócio-virtual, sem enfatizar a surdez. Esse livre acesso às redes possibilita aos surdos a possibilidade de comunicação, expressão, retenção de informações, aprendizagem e contato com o mundo externo sem precisar necessariamente do auxílio de uma terceira pessoa ouvinte nesse processo, o que permite maior privacidade e mesmo a autonomia. A autonomia refere-se ao conceito freirenano, por entendermos que ele pode ser um marcador pontual para pensar uma educação não inclusiva, mas mais democrática e de posicionamento de práticas educativas como prática de liberdade.
Práxis na cibercultura: dialógica entre a pedagogia freiriana e as pedagogias feministas
Authors: De Jesus Joselito Manoel , Da Silva Ana Lúcia Gomes , Da Silva Zuleide Paiva
Published: October 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo abordar as interrelações entre a pedagogia freiriana e as pedagogias feministas no contexto da cibercultura e as potencialidades para a compreensão e promoção das práxis produzidas pelas pedagogias feministas em suas intervenções emancipatórias. De natureza investigativa, assume pesquisa bibliográfica e documental como procedimentos metodológicos, tomando a práxis na cibercultura com ênfase nas pedagogias apresentadas na docência online, sustentadas em posições político-epistemológicas comuns, que valorizam as curiosidades e produções socioculturais das mulheres e homens em seus vínculos socioafetivos e em seus compromissos políticos. Adotou-se, como corpus de análise o conjunto de narrativas, produções imagéticas, fotografias, que se constituíram como produção da experiência gestada coletivamente nos componentes curriculares Estágio Supervisionado II, da graduação em Letras e Pesquisa Aplicada à Educação II, na Pós-Graduação em Educação. Os resultados apontam evidências de aprendizagens, e indícios que de criação, a coautoria e cocriação, quando tanto os princípios epistemológicos e organizativos da metodologia, quanto do desenho didático propiciam aos estudantes e docentes, ambiência favorável e desafiadora, tais como: imersão em ambiências híbridas em que fomos instados a exercitar e experimentar juntos.  Apontaram ainda os alinhamentos e inflexões realizadas no processo, realizando escuta sensível coletivamente com os sujeitos envolvidos. Os saberes fazeres emergentes da experiência apontaram também que a pandemia suscitou em todos e todas nós educadores e educadoras, novas formas de encontro com os nossos estudantes, em que o acolhimento, a produção das subjetividades, o lugar de escuta se fizeram ainda mais imprescindíveis a uma humana docência mediada pelas tecnologias digitais.
Cartas sobre a discência e a docência on-line: uma experiência com Paulo Freire
Authors: Berino Aristóteles De Paula , Carvalho Talita Cabral da Ponte
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo, em forma de cartas, discutimos uma experiência docente na cibercultura, que foi a realização do curso “Paulo Freire em tempos de distanciamento social” logo nos primeiros meses da pandemia. A forma de Cartas foi escolhida como uma prática do diálogo entre o docente do curso e uma discente para discutir o que significou, naquele instante, a impossibilidade do ensino presencial e a adoção da prática on-line, observando suas possibilidades, mas também seus impasses. Paulo Freire foi o autor estudado no curso e pensamos no artigo como ele foi também um personagem das nossas práticas nos encontros on-line, extraindo da leitura de algumas das suas obras concepções e valores sobre a educação que orientaram a razão para estudar quando a pandemia já traumatizava e precisávamos sustentar eticamente nossa escolha pela formação em tempos de emergência epidemiológica, inclusive. No artigo, a experiência do curso é recordada e refletida, passado um ano do início da sua realização, com destaque para as concepções de esperança e risco, como importante legado de Paulo Freire, que nos serve agora, na pandemia.
Contribuições de Paulo Freire para o ensino da leitura e escrita: dimensão linguística
Authors: Bazzo Jilvania Lima dos Santos
Published: October 2021

Neste trabalho, busca-se refletir sobre o pensamento freireano em relação ao ensino de leitura e escrita no contexto da cibercultura, destacando a sua dimensão linguística. Entende-se que, para o seu desenvolvimento teórico e metodológico, faz-se premente articular de modo indissociável a tríde: sujeitos, conhecimento e projeto social emancipatório para a formação humana. Por que a palavra se constitui substância e verbo para ensinar e aprender a ler e a escrever? E por quais razões a pesquisação do universo de fala inaugura esse processo? Por que as atividades de ensino exigem a leitura da realidade e a leitura da palavra escrita (re)produzidas em situações e contextos sociais concretos? Como as palavras se tornam a menor unidade da pesquisa e suas pautas sonoras compõem as unidades mínimas do pensamento filosófico de Paulo Freire? Quais são efetivamente os princípios linguísticos que fundamentam sua epistemologia educacional? A expectativa é que as discussões apresentadas possam contribuir ainda mais para o fortalecimento dos atos pedagógicos emancipatórios e das pesquisas no campo da formação de professores, da alfabetização, da Didática e da educação em geral.
Mobilização das habilidades e estratégias metacognitivas por meio dos jogos digitais
Authors: Pimentel Fernando Silvio Cavalcante , Sales Junior Valdick Barbosa
Published: October 2021

A metacognição se refere ao conhecimento, monitoramento e controle das habilidades cognitivas de uma pessoa antes, durante e após o início da aprendizagem. A literatura mostra que a obtenção do conhecimento pelo aluno que tem uma relação significativa com o desempenho escolar, mas nem todas as estratégias de aprendizagem utilizadas têm o mesmo resultado. Além disso, a tecnologia educacional, especialmente com os jogos digitais, se desenvolveu rapidamente na última década e teve um impacto profundo em todos os níveis de educação. Essa Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RSL), propõe o estudo em várias bases de conhecimento, sobre a mobilização da metacognição nos jogos digitais para responder à pergunta: os alunos que utilizam os jogos digitais em seu aprendizado, fazem uso da consciência, habilidades e estratégias metacognitivas? Fazendo uso da Ferramenta StArt (State of the Art through Systematic Review), 770 estudos foram extraídos de diversas bases de dados de conhecimento e passaram pelos processos de identificação, triagem, seleção e qualidade para chegar ao número de 6 artigos que satisfizeram os critérios adotados. Como resultado, compreende-se que se trata de um estudo novo para a literatura. Nos dados, encontramos que 75% fazem uso das habilidades metacognitivas, 63% do conhecimento metacognitivo e 67% utilizam os processos cognitivos nos jogos.
Tecnologias digitais e práticas docentes na pandemia: (re)inventando o estágio supervisionado em letras
Authors: Santos Xavier Luciano , Miranda Freire Crizeide , Rita Gomes Antenor
Published: October 2021

Este artigo localiza-se no contexto em que a pandemia da Covid-19 impactou inúmeras atividades em todo mundo, sobretudo as práticas de ensino e formação de professores nas licenciaturas. Aqui são abordas experiências docentes mediadas via tecnologia e consolidadas no curso livre “Escola em Cena”, realizado com vistas aos componentes curriculares dos Estágios Supervisionados e Práticas Pedagógicas do Curso de Letras, Língua Portuguesa e Literaturas, da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB) – DCH – Campus IV. Em função das limitações da perspectiva traçada na construção deste trabalho, nos atemos a um dos projetos executados no referido curso livre, a saber: “Literomusicalizando a Língua Portuguesa”.  Nossa metodologia é de abordagem qualitativa, por trazer os impactos e possibilidades pedagógicas construídas pelos discentes do curso de Letras, então autores dos espaços digitais, os quais denominamos “cenários educacionais”. Baseamo-nos em autores como Bates (2017), Moran (2012), Pinheiro (2018), entre outros, a fim de fundamentar as discussões sobre as tecnologias digitais e a imersão das práticas educacionais nesse contexto. Os resultados desembocam nas possibilidades de ensino e formação de professores via mediação tecnológica, assim como horizontaliza uma série de questões que envolve o trabalho em Letras e suas possibilidades com as tecnologias digitais.
Paulo Freire vive!
Authors: Carvalho Felipe , Santos Rosemary Dos
Published: October 2021

Edição v. 5, n. 3, set./dez., Paulo Freire vive!
O CONTO PÓS-MODERNO DE AUTORIA FEMININA: ANÁLISE DO CONTO “PENÉLOPE MANDA LEMBRANÇAS”, DE MARINA COLASANTI
Authors: Riche Rosa Maria Cuba , Ribeiro Ferreira Eliane Aparecida Galvão
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta um recorte da pesquisa em andamento, vinculada ao programa de Pós-Doutoramento da Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Campus de Assis – São Paulo, intitulada “A Literatura juvenil de autoria feminina premiada: Lygia Bojunga Nunes e Marina Colasanti”. Surge como retomada e continuidade de investigações desenvolvidas durante o Mestrado (UFRJ) e o Doutorado (UFRJ), sobre literatura infantil e juvenil de autoria feminina. Pela brevidade deste artigo e complexidade da escrita de Colasanti, objetiva-se apresentar a análise somente do conto homônimo ao título do livro Penélope manda lembranças (2001). Para a consecução do objetivo, parte-se das modalidades do conto e verifica-se em que medida a escrita da autora reflete esteticamente as questões do contexto de produção, através do tratamento dos temas, da presença do insólito, da técnica narrativa, do burilamento da forma, enfim, das marcas que imprime em seus textos. Como aporte teórico, recorremos aos estudos da Estética da Recepção e do Efeito (JAUSS, 1994; ISER, 1996, 1999); das questões relativas à Pós-modernidade preconizadas por Bauman (2001; 2020) e Resende (2008); dos estudos feitos sobre o conto enquanto gênero literário por Jolles (1976), Moisés (1970); Todorov (1972); Xavier (1987); e dos estudos sobre a produção de autoria feminina de Dietzel (2002); Lauretis (1994), entre outros. Os resultados desta pequena amostra da pesquisa confirmam as hipóteses levantadas sobre as influências do contexto de produção na estética de Colasanti.
A MULHER NEGRA NA ENUNCIAÇÃO LITERÁRIA
Authors: Nascimento Jarbas Vargas
Published: October 2021

Esse artigo tematiza a escrita da mulher negra na enunciação literária brasileira contemporânea e examina o discurso literário de autoria de Geni Guimarães, considerando a escrita literária feminina, as estratégias linguístico-discursivas de subjetividade enunciativa e a condição da mulher negra, cuja identidade étnico-racial e de gênero foi apagada historicamente. Partimos do pressuposto de que seja possível mobilizar uma interdisciplinaridade entre a Linguística e a Literatura, a fim de ressaltar a identidade enunciativa da mulher negra que, em A Cor da Ternura, recortada no discurso Metamorfose, provoca um entrecruzamento de vida pessoal com os ressentimentos de uma exclusão étnico-racial de sua condição de negra e mulher e os efeitos estético-artísticos da inscrição de uma imagem autoral no discurso literário. Inserimos nossa investigação no quadro teórico-metodológico da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa (AD), nas perspectivas enunciativo-discursivas de Maingueneau (2018), que postula uma Análise do Discurso Literário. Embora Maingueneau não entenda o discurso literário como um rótulo estável, esse empreendimento epistemológico permite-nos compreender a enunciação literária como um evento discursivo, que projeta um enunciador feminino, que se posiciona, para escancarar uma realidade social problemática. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram-nos que o lugar de fala, de onde a mulher negra enuncia, ostenta a cor da pele e reflete tensões, que resultam das condições sócio-histórico-culturais brasileiras. Além disso, a análise Metamorfose, selecionada como corpus revela um sujeito autoral feminino ligado a um posicionamento identitário no campo da Literatura, para relatar uma experiência intelectual e subjetiva da vida da mulher negra brasileira.Palavras-chave: Geni Guimarães; Discurso literário; Mulher negra; Autoralidade; Enunciação literária.
MULHERES E A APROPRIAÇÃO DO LUGAR DE AUTORIA NO PIAUÍ NO FINAL DO SÉCULO XIX E PRIMEIRAS DÉCADAS DO SÉCULO XX
Authors: Lima Rocha Olivia Candeia , Brandão Saulo Cunha de Serpa
Published: October 2021

O final do século XIX e as primeiras décadas do século XX foi um período de transição na sociedade brasileira, caracterizado por transformações de caráter social, político e cultural. Nesse contexto, as mulheres se apropriaram da escrita de caráter público, na imprensa e na literatura, e utilizavam esses veículos de comunicação como forma de reivindicar a ampliação da atuação feminina na sociedade. Esse texto procura refletir sobre o processo de apropriação feminina dos lugares de autoria, utilizando como fontes textos publicados em periódicos como Borboleta (1906); O Piauí (1926) e as obras Flores Incultas (1875) de autoria de Luiza Amélia de Queiroz e Fases do meu passado (1983) de Lili Castelo Branco. Essa análise se pautou em autores como Michel Foucault, Nicolau Sevcenko e Norma Telles que auxiliaram na percepção da literatura como um espaço de prestígio e poder, sobretudo, no período em questão.
Using social media in contemporary nursing: risks and benefits
Authors: Geraghty Sadie , Hari Renjith , Oliver Kim
Published: October 2021

Social media has become incorporated into the practice of contemporary nursing. It must be acknowledged by the nurse and the nursing profession that social media has the power to enable the nurse to network with colleagues and share research findings through both private and open forums. However, it also has the potential to negatively influence patient care. This article discusses the use of social media and the dilemmas both ethical and legal. It highlights the need for the nurse and the nursing profession to remain vigilant regarding its use within both their personal and professional lives, to ensure that no boundaries are inadvertently crossed.
Regression-in-Ratio Estimators for Population Mean by Using Robust Regression in Two Phase Sampling
Authors: Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad , Raza Aamir
Published: October 2021

The estimation of population mean is not meaningful using ordinary least square method when data contains some outliers. In the current study, we proposed efficient estimators of population mean using robust regression in two phase sampling. An extensive simulation study is conduct to examine the efficiency of proposed estimators in terms of mean square error (MSE). Real life example and extensive simulation study are cited to demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimators. Theoretical example and simulation studies showed that the suggested estimators are more efficient than the considered estimators in the presence of outliers.
Crustacean and mollusk species diversity and abundance in the mangrove communities of Mimika District, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Setyadi Gesang , Rahayu DWI LISTYO , Pribadi Rudhi , HARTATI RETNO , Wijayanti DIAH PERMATA , Sugianto DENNY NUGROHO , Darmawan Agung
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Setyadi G, Rahayu DL, Pribadi R, Hartati R, Wijayanti DP, Sugianto DN, Darmawan A. 2021. Crustacean and mollusk species diversity and abundance in the mangrove communities of Mimika District, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4146-4157. A mangrove crustacean and mollusk species diversity study was carried out in four mangrove estuaries in Mimika District, Papua, Indonesia. Two locations were selected on each estuary; for each location, samples of crustaceans and mollusks were collected from 5 m × 5 m plots, and mangrove trees were recorded on 10 m × 10 m plots at a distance of 10 m, 250 m and 500 m perpendicular to the riverbank. This study recorded a total of 41 species of crustaceans and 32 species of mollusks the latter comprising three species of bivalves and 29 gastropod species. The number of crab species found was among the highest compared to similar studies in the world. The average number of species collected from each 25 m2 plot was 7.6 ± 4.2 species for crustaceans, with an average abundance of 87 ± 3.5 individuals; for mollusks, it was 3.3 ± 3 species with an average abundance of 28 ± 48.4. Crustacean abundance and species composition were influenced by inundation frequency. There was a strong correlation between the crab Parasesarma cricotum and the association of Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza mangroves, and Clistocoeloma amamaparense and the association of B. gymnorrhiza, R. apiculata, and Bruguiera parviflora mangroves. For mollusks, correlations were found between Terebralia palustris and Ellobium aurisjudae and the association of R. apiculata and B. parviflora mangroves. The highest crustacean Shannon-Wiener diversity index was associated with Sonneratia alba and Avicennia marina mangroves, and the highest mollusk Shannon-Wiener diversity index was associated with R. apiculata and B. gymnorrhiza mangroves.
Seeds extract of three Artocarpus species: Their in-vitro antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Authors: Prastiyanto Muhammad Evy
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Prastiyanto ME. 2021. Seeds extract of three Artocarpus species: Their in-vitro antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs). Biodiversitas 22: 4362-4368. Multidrug-resistant (MDR)-E. coli is a major cause and has become a very serious problem in urinary tract infections (UTIs). As a result, it requires an antibacterial agent derived from biological materials. It has been reported that the seeds of three species of Artocarpus (A. heterophyllous, A. champeden, and A. camansi) have antibacterial properties against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, there are three other Artocarpus species in Indonesia, i.e., keledang (A. lanceipolius), tarra (A. elasticus), and terap (A. Odoratissimus) whose antibacterial property has not been investigated. To minimize the research gap, this study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of seed extracts of A. lanceipolius, A. elasticus, and A. odoratissimus against MDR-E. coli isolates of UTIs. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay. The microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The results revealed that the seed extracts of A. lanceipolius, A. elasticus, and A. odoratissimus have the potential as antibacterial agents against MDR-E. coli isolate of UTIs. A. elasticus seed extract shows the widest zone of inhibition in the range of 7.0-13.3 mm and the smallest MIC and MBC values ??of 6.25-12.5 mg/mL and 12.5-25 mg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, A. lanceipolius, A. elasticus, and A. odoratissimus seed extracts have the potential to be developed as antibacterial agents against UTI-causing MDR-E. coli. Further in vivo research and determining the mode of action of antibacterial activity are needed.
Growth of three types of sengon (Paraserianthes spp.) in varying planting spaces in agroforestry system
Authors: Sopacua Frisilia , WIJAYANTO NURHENI , WIRNAS DESTA
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Sopacua F, Wijayanto N, Wirnas D. 2021. Growth of three types of sengon (Paraserianthes spp.) in varying planting spaces in agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 22: 4423-4430. Sengon (Paraserianthes spp.) is a fast-growing tree species that is commonly cultivated in the agroforestry system by communities in Indonesia, mainly on Java Island. Among several types of sengon, Solomon sengon is currently gaining popularity due to the fast growth in height and stem diameter. Nonetheless, the spacing layout of selected sengon types is unclear, including Solomon sengon, which yields more optimal growth. This study aimed to examine the growth of three sengon types (i.e., Solomon F2, Solomon F1, and local Kendal) in three spacing patterns, namely 1.5x1.5m, 3x1.5m, and 3x3m. This research was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 (three months) in the Cikabayan Forest, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java. The parameters of sengon growth observed were plant height, height growth rate, stem diameter, stem diameter growth rate, tree volume, and canopy area. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan's. The results showed that all types of sengon had optimal growth in the agroforestry system at various spacings. The growth of Solomon F2 adapted well to denser spacings (1.5x1.5m and 1.5x3m) with the highest averages in plant height, stem diameter, volume, and canopy area of ??10.50 m, 8.65 cm, 0.36 m3, and 5.39 m2. Local Kendal had optimal growth at a wider spacing (3x3m) with the highest average stem diameter, volume, and canopy area of ??8.96 cm, 0.043 m3, and 1063 m2. While Solomon F1 adapted well to the three spacings with the highest average in plant height, the growth rate of plant height, stem diameter, volume, and canopy area of ??10.05 m, 1.54 m, 8.59 cm, 0.042 m2, and 2075.30 m2. In general, it can be concluded that the Solomon F1 sengon can adapt well to narrow distances or wide distances. While Solomon F2 is more recommended to be planted at a narrower distance and Kendal local sengon is more recommended to be planted at a wider distance to get optimal growth.
Diversity and species composition of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Lombok Island, Indonesia
Authors: Hudiwaku Syarron , Himawan Toto , Rizali Akhmad
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Hudiwaku S, Himawan T, Rizali A. 2021. Diversity and species composition of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Lombok Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4608-4616. Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are pests of several horticultural crops that can reduce the quality and quantity of fruit production. Information on fruit flies in Lombok Island, Indonesia, is still limited. However, it is predicted to have a high diversity of fruit flies because this island belongs to the Wallacea region. The aims of this research was to study the diversity and species composition of fruit flies in different habitat types in Lombok Island. The research was carried out on two habitat types, i.e., tropical rainforest and orchard with each habitat type consisted of three different sites that located spread across Lombok Island as replication. The research was carried out on two habitat types, i.e., tropical rainforest and orchard, with each habitat type consisted of three different sites spread across Lombok Island as replication. A sampling of fruit flies was conducted using parapheromone traps from March to June 2020. Twenty-two species and 210,267 individual fruit flies were collected from all locations during the study period. The most dominant species were Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera limbifera, Zeugodacus caudatus, and Bactrocera dorsalis. Based on the ANOVA, habitat types significantly affected the abundance but not the species richness of fruit flies. The visualization results obtained from the NMDS ordination indicated a difference in the species composition of fruit flies between the two habitats. In conclusion, habitat types are an essential factor in shaping the community of fruit flies in Lombok Island.
Commensals of underground mammals: European mole (Talpa europaea, Eulipotyphla, Talpidae) and the greater mole-rat (Spalax microphthalmus, Rodentia, Spalacidae)
Authors: STEPANOVA IRINA , Andreychev Alexey , KULAKHMETOV RUSLAN , LOBACHEV EVGENY
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Stepanova I, Andreychev A, Kulakhmetov R, Lobachev E. 2021. Commensals of underground mammals: European mole (Talpa europaea, Eulipotyphla, Talpidae) and the greater mole-rat (Spalax microphthalmus, Rodentia, Spalacidae). Biodiversitas 22: 4665-4670. The study of lodgers of burrows of underground mammals was carried out using the method of hunting cylinders (cans). In the study, 29 different representatives from the following classes were identified in the courses of the greater mole-rat and European mole: Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Gastropoda, Insecta, Amphibia, and Mammalia. Among the vertebrates captured are Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus), Eurasian pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus), moor frog (Rana arvalis), and common toad (Bufo bufo). Twenty-six different species have been identified among invertebrates. Many animals seek shelter in the burrows of underground mammals from enemies and adverse climatic factors for food or conditions for reproduction. In the central part of Russia, more species of commensals were found in European mole burrows (29) than in greater mole-rat burrows (21).
Genetic control of fruit shelf life and yield in crossbreeding of Sletr1-2 mutant with Indonesian tropical tomatoes
Authors: Wiguna Gungun , Damayanti Farida , Mubarok Syariful , Ezura Hiroshi , ANAS Anas
Published: October 2021

Postharvest losses are a significant concern for tomato breeding associated with their short fruit shelf life. Sletr1-2 is a new ethylene receptor mutant that has a prominent character in a prolonged fruit shelf life. This research aimed to estimate the combining ability of Sletr1-2 mutant and determine the selection method for future breeding associated with the fruit shelf-life and yield. Four lines of tropical tomato, i.e., 'Intan,' 'Mirah,' 'Ratna' and 'Mutiara,' were crossed with the wild type Micro-Tom (WT-MT) and Sletr1-2 mutant tomato using a line x tester mating design. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used to evaluate twelve F1 and their parents. The study revealed significant differences in the GCA of the line and tester but not for SCA. The lines and testers contributed more to total variance than their interaction. 'Intan' and Sletr1-2 mutants had the greatest fruit shelf-life combiners, with additive gene action being the most prevalent. Simple phenotypic selection or pure line selection from selected crosses in advanced generations would be preferable. 'Mutiara' was the best combiner for yield and plant growth, with non-additive gene action was the most common. The breeding strategy that considered dominance, overdominance, and epistasis was preferred.
Partial-field illumination ophthalmoscope: improving the contrast of a camera-based retinal imager
Authors: Krafft Léa , Gofas-Salas Elena , Lai-Tim Yann , Paques Michel , Mugnier Laurent , Thouvenin Olivier , Mecê Pedro , Meimon Serge
Published: October 2021

Effective and accurate in vivo diagnosis of retinal pathologies requires high performance imaging devices, combining a large field of view and the ability to discriminate the ballistic signal from the diffuse background in order to provide a highly contrasted image of the retinal structures. Here, we have implemented the partial-field illumination ophthalmoscope, a patterned illumination modality, integrated to a high pixel rate adaptive optics full-field microscope. This non-invasive technique enables us to mitigate the low signal-to-noise ratio, intrinsic of full-field ophthalmoscopes, by partially illuminating the retina with complementary patterns to reconstruct a wide-field image. This new, to the best of our knowledge, modality provides an image contrast spanning from the full-field to the confocal contrast, depending on the pattern size. As a result, it offers various trade-offs in terms of contrast and acquisition speed, guiding the users towards the most efficient system for a particular clinical application.
Frequency-quintupled laser at 308  nm for atomic physics applications
Authors: Büki Maya , Röser David , Stellmer Simon
Published: October 2021

We report on the development of a compact continuous-wave frequency-quintupled laser at 308 nm, which is based on a fiber laser operating in the telecom band. Three consecutive frequency conversion stages in nonlinear crystals are employed to achieve a

2
ν
+
3
ν
=
5
ν

frequency mixing. The performance of the laser system is demonstrated by linear absorption spectroscopy of a narrow intercombination line in zinc.
Refined prefrontal working memory network as a neuromarker for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Eunho , Yu Jin-Woo , Kim Bomin , Lim Sung-Ho , Lee Sang-Ho , Kim Kwangsu , Son Gowoon , Jeon Hyeon-Ae , Moon Cheil , Sakong Joon , Choi Ji-Woong
Published: October 2021

Detecting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an important step in preventing pathological brain damage. Working memory (WM)-related network modulation can be a pathological feature of AD, but is usually modulated by untargeted cognitive processes and individual variance, resulting in the concealment of this key information. Therefore, in this study, we comprehensively investigated a new neuromarker, named “refined network,” in a prefrontal cortex (PFC) that revealed the pathological features of AD. A refined network was acquired by removing unnecessary variance from the WM-related network. By using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device, we evaluated the reliability of the refined network, which was identified from the three groups classified by AD progression: healthy people (N=31), mild cognitive impairment (N=11), and patients with AD (N=18). As a result, we identified edges with significant correlations between cognitive functions and groups in the dorsolateral PFC. Moreover, the refined network achieved a significantly correlating metric with neuropsychological test scores, and a remarkable three-class classification accuracy (95.0%). These results implicate the refined PFC WM-related network as a powerful neuromarker for AD screening.
Compressed sensing for photoacoustic computed tomography based on an untrained neural network with a shape prior
Authors: Lan Hengrong , Zhang Juze , Yang Changchun , Gao Fei
Published: October 2021

Photoacoustic (PA) computed tomography (PACT) shows great potential in
various preclinical and clinical applications. A great number of
measurements are the premise that obtains a high-quality image, which
implies a low imaging rate or a high system cost. The artifacts or
sidelobes could pollute the image if we decrease the number of
measured channels or limit the detected view. In this paper, a novel
compressed sensing method for PACT using an untrained neural network
is proposed, which decreases a half number of the measured channels
and recovers enough details. This method uses a neural network to
reconstruct without the requirement for any additional learning based
on the deep image prior. The model can reconstruct the image only
using a few detections with gradient descent. As an unlearned
strategy, our method can cooperate with other existing regularization,
and further improve the quality. In addition, we introduce a shape
prior to easily converge the model to the image. We verify the
feasibility of untrained network-based compressed sensing in PA image
reconstruction and compare this method with a conventional method
using total variation minimization. The experimental results show that
our proposed method outperforms 32.72% (SSIM) with the
traditional compressed sensing method in the same regularization. It
could dramatically reduce the requirement for the number of
transducers, by sparsely sampling the raw PA data, and improve the
quality of PA image significantly.
Ultra-fast Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry via temporal filtering
Authors: Tsujimoto Yoshiaki , Wakui Kentaro , Fujiwara Mikio , Sasaki Masahide , Takeoka Masahiro
Published: October 2021

Heralded single photons (HSPs) generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) are useful resource to achieve various photonic quantum information processing. Given a large-scale experiment which needs multiple HSPs, increasing the generation rate with suppressing higher-order pair creation is desirable. One of the promising ways is to use a pump laser with a GHz-order repetition rate. In such a high repetition rate regime, however, single-photon detectors can only partially identify the pulses. Hence, we develop a simple model to consider that effect on the spectral purity, and experimentally demonstrate a high-visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between two independent HSPs generated by SPDC with 3.2 GHz-repetition-rate mode-locked pump pulses. The observed visibility of 0.88(3) is in good agreement with our theoretical model.
Joint intra and inter-channel nonlinearity compensation based on interpretable neural network for long-haul coherent systems
Authors: Tang Du , Wu Zhen , Sun Zhongliang , Tang Xizi , Qiao Yaojun
Published: October 2021

A novel joint intra and inter-channel nonlinearity compensation method is proposed, which is based on interpretable neural network (NN). For the first time, conventional cascaded digital back-propagation (DBP) and nonlinear polarization crosstalk canceller (NPCC) are deep unfolded into an NN architecture together based on their physical meanings. Verified by extensive simulations of 7-channel 20-GBaud DP-16QAM 3200-km coherent optical transmission, deep-unfolded DBP-NPCC (DU-DBP-NPCC) achieves 1 dB and 0.36 dB Q factor improvement at the launch power of −1 dBm/channel compared with chromatic dispersion compensation (CDC) and cascaded DBP-NPCC, respectively. Under the bit error rate threshold of 2 × 10−2, DU-DBP-NPCC extends the maximum transmission reach by 28% (700 km) compared with CDC. Besides, 3 different training schemes of DU-DBP-NPCC are investigated, implying the effective signal-to-noise ratio is not the proper evaluation metric of nonlinearity compensation performance for DU-DBP-NPCC. Moreover, DU-DBP-NPCC costs 26% lower computational complexity compared with DBP-NPCC, providing a better choice for joint intra and inter-channel nonlinearity compensation in long-haul coherent systems.
Microbolometer with a salicided polysilicon thermistor in CMOS technology
Authors: Guo Yaozu , Luo Mingcheng , Ma Haolan , Zhu Haoyu , Yu Le , Yan Feng , Han Ping , Ji Xiaoli
Published: October 2021

The metal-type microbolometers in CMOS technology normally suffer low resistivity and high thermal conductivity, limiting their performance and application areas. In this paper, we demonstrate a polysilicon microbolometer fabricated in 0.18 µm CMOS and post-CMOS processes. The detector is composed of a SiO2 absorber coupled with a salicided poly-Si thermistor that has a high resistivity of 1.37×10−4 Ω·cm and low thermal conductivity of 18 W/m·K. It is experimentally shown that the microbolometer with a 40 µm × 40 µm pixel size has a maximum responsibility and detectivity of 2.13×104 V/W and 2.33×109 cmHz1/2/W, respectively. The results are superior to the reported metal-type and diode-type microbolometers in the CMOS process and provide good potential for a low-cost, high-performance, uncooled microbolometer array for infrared imaging applications.
Stable 2 W continuous-wave 261.5 nm laser for cooling and trapping aluminum monochloride
Authors: Shaw J. C. , Hannig S. , McCarron D. J.
Published: October 2021

We present a high-power tunable deep-ultraviolet (DUV) laser that uses two consecutive cavity enhanced doubling stages with LBO and CLBO crystals to produce the fourth harmonic of an amplified homebuilt external cavity diode laser. The system generates up to 2.75 W of 261.5 nm laser light with a ∼2 W stable steady-state output power and performs second harmonic generation in a largely unexplored high intensity regime in CLBO for continuous wave DUV light. We use this laser to perform fluorescence spectroscopy on the A1Π ← X1Σ+ transition in a cold, slow beam of AlCl molecules and probe the A1Π|v′ = 0, J′ = 1〉 state hyperfine structure for future laser cooling and trapping experiments. This work demonstrates that the production of tunable, watt-level DUV lasers is becoming routine for a variety of wavelength-specific applications in atomic, molecular and optical physics.