bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role That Local Food Plants Can Play in Improving Nutrition Security and Alleviating Seasonal Scarcity in Rural Communities: A Multi-Country Study
Authors: Galluzzi Gea , Cruz-Garcia Gisella , Togka Konstantina Maria , Visser Bert , Mbozi Hitlon
Published: February 2025

An adequate nutrient intake and a balanced diet form a prerequisite for maintaining a healthy lifestyle and preventing diseases. Local, yet often underutilised, food plants can contribute to ensuring dietary diversity and hence combating food and nutrition insecurity in rural households of low- and middle-income countries. However, the consumption and use of many local food plants is often stigmatised in local culture or threatened by socio-economic and agroecological changes. This paper presents data from the work of Sowing Diversity = Harvesting Security (SD=HS) programme, that used a Farmer Field School (FFS) approach to improve dietary diversity and quality using local agrobiodiversity in six low- or mid-income countries. The baseline study, that preceded the project’s implementation, gathered FFS participants' perceptions of malnutrition, local food plant consumption, and coping strategies to deal with food scarcity periods. The analysis of such perceptions allowed evaluating the actual and potential role of local agrobiodiversity and showed opportunities to promote the use of local food plants as a strategy to efficiently and affordably address food and nutrition insecurity, particularly in times of food scarcity.
Cobalt, Nickel and Manganese Adsorption Using an Aluminium Based Metal Organic Framework
Authors: Bruno Rosaria
Published: February 2025

The main aspect for greener process of materials preparation is taking constituents of the designed material from green sources. Recycling is the fundamental feature for the reutilization of already applied elements with a subsequently minor wasting of raw materials. Transition elements as cobalt, nickel and manganese can be found in a variety of application and several sort of energy storage devices contain a considerable amount of these elements. From as stated before, nowadays is more and more interesting drive research on recovery and separation of cobalt, nickel and manganese from energy storage devices. The MIL (Institute Lavoisier Materials) are metal organic frameworks of high porosity often utilized for a wide variety of application as gas storage, conductivity, electricity storage and supercapacitors, sensing and detection of analytes, environment saving purpose. MIL-53 is the metal organic framework employed in the followed research for cobalt, nickel and manganese adsorption as the first time.
Think Inside the JSON: Reinforcement Strategy for Strict LLM Schema Adherence
Authors: Agarwal Bhavik , Joshi Ishan , Rojkova Viktoria
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we address the challenge of enforcing strict schema adherence in large language model (LLM) generation by leveraging LLM reasoning capabilities. Building on the DeepSeek R1 reinforcement learning framework, our approach trains structured reasoning skills of a 1.5B parameter model through a novel pipeline that combines synthetic reasoning data set construction with custom reward functions under Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). Specifically, we first perform R1 reinforcement learning on a 20K sample unstructured to structured data set, mirroring the original DeepSeek R1 methods, to establish core reasoning abilities. Subsequently, we performed supervised fine-tuning on a separate 10K reasoning sample dataset, focusing on refining schema adherence for downstream tasks. Despite the relatively modest training scope, requiring approximately 20 hours on an 8×H100 GPU cluster for GRPO training and 3 hours on 1xA100 for SFT, our model demonstrates robust performance in enforcing schema consistency. We compare our ThinkJSON approach against the original DeepSeek R1 (671B), distilled versions of DeepSeek R1 (Qwen-1.5B and Qwen-7B) and Gemini 2.0 Flash (70B), showcasing its effectiveness in real-world applications. Our results underscore the practical utility of a resource-efficient framework for schema-constrained text generation.
A Systematic Multi-Criteria Quantitative Model for Evaluating Change Order Impact on Contractors’ Cash Flow
Authors: Qasem Altayeb Mohd Jamil
Published: February 2025

Construction projects in Saudi Arabia are frequently plagued by cost overruns and time delays, with change orders being a major contributing factor. These modifications, which can occur at various stages throughout the project lifecycle, tend to negatively impact costs and cash flows. This study developed a classification impact index model to assess the potential impact of change orders on contractor cash flow in building construction projects. The study identified the factors and subfactors affecting contractors’ cash flow, organizing them into a hierarchical structure of main and sub-main factors. The relative importance of these factors was then assessed using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). The findings showed that project financing schemes had the most substantial impact (44%), followed by contract type (30%), and characteristics of change orders (26%). Among the subfactors, cash availability under project financing had the highest influence at 56%, while the value of change orders was the most significant subfactor under change order characteristics, contributing 30%. The Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) was subsequently used to evaluate the attributes of these factors, applying utility scores to provide a more comprehensive assessment. The resulting Change Order Impact Index integrates AHP and MAUT to quantify the impacts of change orders. This model categorizes the effects of change orders into four levels: minor, moderate, significant, and severe. The developed Change Order Impact Index provides a systematic approach for proactively managing financial risks, optimizing project financing decisions, and supporting contractors in mitigating the impacts of change orders to maintain financial stability and reduce negative impacts on their cash flow.
Modulation of Growth Conditions and Fermentation Media for Xylanase Production by Wild and Mutant Fungal Strains and Their Molecular Characterization by 18S rRNA Gene Amplification
Authors: Ali Nazish mazhar , Javed Saman , Shahid Memuna Ghafoor , Chaudhry Maham , Iqbal Muhammad Amir , Ahsan Raza Muhammad , Dar Marium , Arshad Saman , Sanaullah Sadia , Khalid Samia , Naveed Mahnoor , Mazhar Nida , Barkat Faiqa , Javed Hamna
Published: February 2025

Xylan is the primary hemicellulosic part of plant biomass, xylanase plays significant role for its degradation. The current research work was done to increase xylanase production in wild and mutant form from fungal isolates. Out of 21 soil samples, 6 fungal strains were found to be good xylanse producer in optimized condition mutant form of the strains gave significantly higher level of enzyme production. 21 soil samples were collected, 16 fungal isolates were purified and characterized morphological and molecular basis. Isolated producers were subjected to improve xylanase production under optimized growth condition and fermentation media. From these, 6 fungal isolates were found to be good producer of xylanase.ZGCL22 (KT964482), ZGCL49 (KT964481), ZGCL18 (KT964484), ZGCL44 (KT964483), ZGCL51 (KT964485) and ZGCL12 (KT964480) were good xylanase producer fungal isolates. 30°C temperature and 5.0 pH was found to be optimum for most of the xylanase producer fungal isolates except ZGCL44 strain which was found to be optimum at 9.0 pH for 5 days of fermentation period. Xylanase maximum activity observed at 50°C, at 30 minutes of incubation with 1% substrate concentration. On the basis of 18S rRNA sequencing using ITS primer. Xylanase encoding gene xyn B was amplified in one fungal strain ZGCL22. These local fungal isolates were good producers of xylanase and should be explored for enhanced biological production of xylanases under optimized conditions. Fungal production of xylanase will be cheaper and easier.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Business Innovation: A Review
Authors: Machucho Ruben , Ortiz David
Published: February 2025

This systematic review comprehensively examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on business innovation across diverse industries. Through rigorous analysis of recent, high-impact research, we explore how AI is reshaping business models, processes, and strategies. This review synthesizes current knowledge on AI-driven business innovation, providing a robust foundation for future research and highlighting critical research gaps. Our focus encompasses AI applications in product and service innovation, operational efficiency, decision-making enhancement, and customer experience personalization. We also address implementation challenges, ethical considerations, and organizational implications. The findings reveal that AI facilitates unprecedented automation, predictive capabilities, and personalization, which catalyze innovation across various business functions. However, successful AI implementation necessitates addressing significant technical, organizational, and ethical hurdles. This review serves as a valuable roadmap for researchers and practitioners navigating the complexities of AI-driven business transformation, highlighting opportunities for future research and providing insights for effective AI adoption strategies.
Emerging Potential of Metabolomics in Thyroid Cancer- A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kumari Sonam , Makarewicz Andrew , Klubo-Gwiezdzinska Joanna
Published: February 2025

Thyroid cancer is a very common endocrine system malignancy. Nevertheless, a dearth of precise markers makes it challenging to apply precision medicine to thyroid cancer. The limitations to standard diagnosis technique (fine needle aspiration biopsy) such as indeterminate cases and inaccuracies in distinguishing between different types of cancers lead to unnecessary surgeries and thus warrant development of more discriminatory biomarkers to improve the accuracy of the existing diagnostic and prognostic techniques. Moreover, individualized therapies for thyroid cancer are necessary to avoid overtreatment of indolent lesions and undertreatment of high-risk progressive disease. Since thyroid cancer metabolic signatures are associated with disease ag-gressiveness and responsiveness to therapy, metabolomics has been recently used for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers discovery. This strategy enabled detection of several metabolites from tissue samples or biofluids to facilitate the classification of disease aggressiveness and to potentially assist in individualized therapies. In this review, we have summarized the utilization and potential of metabolomics in thyroid cancer.
Regulating Digital Insurance Platforms in the EU: Legal Frameworks and Future Directions
Authors: Marano Pierpaolo
Published: February 2025

The digital transformation of the insurance industry in the European Union (EU) creates both opportunities and regulatory challenges, requiring a balance between innovation, consumer protection, and market stability. This paper examines the evolving regulatory landscape for digital insurance platforms, focusing on the intersection of EU digital and insurance-specific regulations. The study explores how digital insurance platforms operate within the broader EU regulatory ecosystem by analysing key legislative milestones and legal frameworks. It assesses the implications of these frameworks for various stakeholders, including platform owners, policyholders, distributors, and emerging business models such as peer-to-peer insurance. The research further investigates the regulatory boundaries defining different digital insurance models and the complexities of ensuring compliance with business conduct rules in a digital environment. Findings highlight the tensions between fostering technological innovation and maintaining regulatory oversight, particularly in platform governance, robo-advisory services, and digital distribution. The paper concludes that while EU regulations seek to address these challenges, uncertainties persist in the classification and supervision of digital insurance platforms. It offers recommendations to enhance regulatory clarity, ensuring a framework supporting consumer protection and market development in the digital insurance landscape.
Exploring Whether Education and Licensing of Horse-Owners Can Address Poor Horse Welfare in the UK
Authors: Hall-Bromley Aurelia , Dixon Laura
Published: February 2025

Horse welfare concerns have been a subject of increased discussion for decades. The issue of compromised horse welfare in the UK, and across the globe, is complex as welfare concerns are varied, wide ranging and nuanced. Several solutions to combat compromised horse welfare have been suggested by existing research, but each of these have their limitations. In this study, existing literature regarding horse welfare, and education and licensing as potential solutions were analysed. Distress behaviour was the most cited welfare concern in the literature, narrowly followed by health issues and behavioural issues. The citations for causes of poor welfare were dominated by management and training practices. Analysis found that the highest cited barrier to good welfare was a lack of knowledge, followed by lack of understanding. Further research into horse welfare was most commonly suggested as the best step to address welfare concerns, and increased awareness of welfare issues was suggested as the best solution to prevent welfare issues. In terms of education, the most cited positive outcomes were increased knowledge, awareness or understanding. However, the most prominent limitation of education was an unclear effect on behaviour, as well as other notable factors such as availability. The most cited licensing success was use as a consumer tool, but licensing was limited by enforcement. Taking the relevant literature as a whole, there is no single evident solution that can solve the horse welfare problem, but there are areas identified that merit closer consideration.
Changes in Microstructure and Starch Granule Content in the Endosperm of Germinated Seeds of Pouteria campechiana
Authors: Granados-Vega Karen Maybel , Evangelista-Lozano Silvia , Rodríguez-García Tomás , Pérez-Barcena José Fernando , González-Chávez Ma. del Carmen Ángeles , Tapia-Maruri Daniel , Rodríguez-Monroy Mario
Published: February 2025

Starch is a polysaccharide produced by plants, which varies in size, shape and appearance and can be observed at different levels. Pouteria campechiana is a fruit tree of the Sapotaceae family. The fruits contain one to five large seeds with a high starch content. Given the increasing demand for food, it is crucial to explore alternative sources of non-conventional energy for human consumption. This study aims to characterize the starch granules of P. campechiana seeds at various stages of germination. Fruits were collected in the state of Morelos, Mexico and seeds were germinated. Samples were taken at 3, 33, 50, 50, 74, 98 and 130 days after sowing (das). They were fixed in FAA (formaldehyde, acetic acid and alcohol) and cut for embedding in paraffin. Sections were obtained with a microtome, stained with toluidine blue and mounted with resin. They were observed under the microscope. The microphotographs were subjected to digital analysis. The following were measured: area, circularity, solidity, roundness, diameter. At 3 das, the highest amount of starch was found, while at 50 and 130 das, the lowest amount was recorded. The majority of the granules are simple, round, large and small. As germination progresses, they become deformed, taking on a polygonal shape.
Leveraging Social Media Marketing to Improve Supply Chain Visibility and Coordination
Authors: Bennett Lydia
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of social media marketing on improving supply chain visibility and coordination, an essential element of contemporary supply chain management. As enterprises increasingly depend on digital technologies to manage intricate market dynamics, the incorporation of social media techniques becomes essential for facilitating real-time communication and cooperation among supply chain participants. The research employs qualitative methods, including a varied sample of industry experts to provide insights on the efficacy of social media marketing in attaining improved visibility and coordination. Research indicates that social media platforms promote instantaneous information dissemination, allowing firms to react promptly to interruptions and fluctuations in demand. The study emphasizes the significance of social media in fostering connections and trust among supply chain participants, which is crucial for effective cooperation. Challenges, like the risk of information overload and the need for efficient content management systems, are also addressed. This research's consequences reach practitioners, who may use social media marketing not just as a promotional instrument but also as a strategic resource in supply chain management. This research enhances the existing literature on the convergence of digital marketing and supply chain management, offering a framework for firms to use social media to enhance visibility, agility, and performance in their supply chain operations.
Topological and Algebraic Patterns in Philosophical Analysis: Case Studies from Ockham’s Quodlibetal Quaestiones and Avenarius’ Kritik der Reinen Erfahrung
Authors: Tozzi Arturo
Published: February 2025

The intersection of mathematics and philosophy has been extensively explored through logic and set theory, but the application of topological and algebraic tools to the analysis of philosophical arguments and conceptual structures has received less attention. By integrating key concepts from algebraic topology, homotopy theory and probability theory, we propose a framework for analysing epistemological and logical relationships across different philosophical traditions. Our approach classifies conceptual relations within mathematical spaces, allowing for systematic comparisons between frameworks of thought. The application of mathematical models contributes to a more comparative evaluation of epistemic dependencies, revealing local and global structures that might otherwise remain implicit. Within this framework, we consider as examples William of Ockham’s Quodlibetal Quaestiones and Richard Avenarius’ Kritik der Reinen Erfahrung, assessing their epistemological positions through the lens of formal mathematical tools. By utilizing theorems such as Seifert-van Kampen, Borel’s theorem and Kolmogorov’s zero-one law, we examine the logical foundations of Ockham’s rejection of metaphysical universals and Avenarius’ theory of pure experience. Our interdisciplinary analysis suggests that the two philosophical positions align with distinct but definable mathematical structures, reinforcing the applicability of topology and algebra to philosophical inquiry. This provides a refined model for historical and conceptual investigations in philosophy of science and epistemology.
Carbon Footprint Evaluation and Reduction Strategies for a Residential Building in Romania: A Case Study
Authors: Bulmez Alexandru Mihai , Dragomir George , Bolocan Sorin Ionuț , Brezeanu Alin Ionuț , Fratu Mariana , Iordan Nicolae Fani , Gocz Norbert , Calotă Răzvan
Published: February 2025

Single-family residential buildings represent the highest share of building sector in Romania. Their operation emits the most CO2 into Earth’s atmosphere, as most of them are not energy efficient. A life cycle assessment is performed for a case study building, built in 2019 in Romania, establishing its carbon footprint. The study compares the results and extrapolate them to all single-family residential buildings in Romania, regarding CO2 emissions with an emphasis on the operational stage. The results illustrate a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions from old, high energy consumption buildings to new, low energy consumption buildings. Moreover, using a heat pump in the detriment of firewood or gas boilers decreases the CO2 emissions for the operational stage up to 34% and 26% respectively. Due to the higher cost of electrical energy compared to natural gas in Romania, gas boilers are more cost-effective than heat pumps. Because of this, and the higher implementation costs, the tendency is towards natural gas. This in turn will result in an increase of CO2 emission for the entire life cycle of the building by approximate 32% for new buildings and 86% for old, high energy consumption buildings.
Bio-Resource Availability in Ireland: A Practical Review of Potential Replacement Materials for Use in Horticultural Growth Media
Authors: Tumbure Akinson , Pulver Christian , Black Lisa , Walsh Lael , Prasad Munoo , Leahy James J. , Corbett Eoghan , Gaffney Michael
Published: February 2025

The ability to substitute peat use in horticulture to potentially more sustainable alternatives hinges on the local availability of suitable biomass resources and whether these resources can be easily processed to achieve similar agronomic effectiveness to peat. This review estimates potential bio-mass availability in Ireland by reviewing production statistics and industry reports and identifying current uses and hypothetical processed biomass quantities. Annual estimates of the major biomass resources available in Ireland are 488 935 m3 of woody residues (mainly Sitka spruce pine) and 789 926 m3 of arable straws (from oats, wheat, barley, oil seed rape). The potential major processing pathways for the available biomass are mechanical (extruded, thinscrew, hammer milled, disc re-fined), carbonization (pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization) and composting. This review of the literature indicates that the major challenges to pyrolyzed alternatives in growth media include high alkalinity, high salinity and low water holding capacity. When biomass is processed into fibers, it requires additional processing to address nutrient immobilization (nitrogen and calcium) and the presence of phytotoxic compounds. We discuss possible solutions to these challenges in terms of agronomic management (altering fertigation, irrigation rates etc.), biomass conversion process op-timization (changing conditions of processes and applying additives) and novel growth media formulations with various material inputs that complement each other. We conclude that while national alternative biomass resources are available in sufficient volumes to potentially meet growing media requirements, significant further research and demonstration is required to convert these materials to growth media acceptable to both commercial and retail sectors. Research needs to focus on transforming these materials into growth media, and how they will impact agronomic management of crops. Furthermore, the optimization of biomass conversion processes and novel formulations incorporating multiple types of biomass needs to be the focus as we transition from peat products in professional horticulture.
Atmospheric Modeling for Wildfire Prediction
Authors: Ismail Fathima Nuzla , Woodford Brendon J. , Licorish Sherlock A.
Published: February 2025

Due to climate change, forest regions in California, Western Australia, and Saskatchewan, Canada, are increasingly experiencing severe wildfires, with other climate-related issues affecting the rest of the world. Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) models have emerged to predict wildfire hazards and aid mitigation efforts. However, inconsistencies arise in the wildfire prediction modeling domain due to the database adjustments required to enable complex and real-time modeling. To help address this issue, our paper focuses on creating wildfire prediction models through One-class classification algorithms: Support Vector Machine, Isolation Forest, AutoEncoder, Variational AutoEncoder, Deep Support Vector Data Description, and Adversarially Learned Anomaly Detection. Five-fold Cross-Validation was used to validate all One-class ML models to minimize bias in the selection of the training and testing data. These One-class ML models outperformed Two-class ML models using the same ground truth data, with mean accuracy levels between 90 and 99 percent. Shapley values were used to derive the most important features affecting the wildfire prediction model, which is a novel contribution to the field of wildfire prediction. Among the most important factors for models trained on the California data set were the seasonal maximum and mean dew point temperatures. These insights will support mitigation strategies. In providing access to our algorithms, using Python Flask and a web-based tool, the top-performing models were operationalized for deployment as a REST API, with outcomes supporting the potential of our solution for strengthening wildfire mitigation strategies.
Sustainable Fuel Supply for Very Small Island Transportation: The Potential of Hybrid Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen
Authors: Kostidi Evanthia , Kotrikla Anna Maria , Maglara Artemis , Lilas Theodore
Published: February 2025

The transition to a low-carbon future necessitates innovative approaches to renewable energy deployment, particularly in the marine environment, where abundant resources remain underutilized. This paper explores the potential of hybrid renewable energy systems and green hydrogen production to address the energy challenges faced by Very Small Islands (VSIs). These islands heavily rely on imported fossil fuels, making them vulnerable to global price fluctuations and contributing to economic instability and environmental degradation. Offshore floating platforms present a transformative opportunity by harnessing marine renewable resources, integrating wind, solar, and wave energy to maximize energy production while minimizing land use conflicts. Green hydrogen, produced through electrolysis of sea water, powered by these renewable sources, offers a sustainable alternative for decarbonizing transportation, particularly in the maritime sector. The study aims to assess the feasibility of converting small conventional passenger vessel to hydrogen propulsion and evaluate the technical, economic, and environmental impacts of deploying offshore platform for hydrogen production. By examining these aspects, this research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable energy solutions for island communities and provides actionable insights into implementing renewable hydrogen-based maritime transport.
Novel Platform and Experiment Design for Intelligent Manufacturing Education
Authors: Zhang Hanming , Sun Xizhi , Mynors Diane , Guo Canzhi
Published: February 2025

In recently years, diverse education platforms have been progressively established across various disciplines to support engineering practice. In addition, the teaching method to improve students’ practical ability is equally important. This paper presents a novel education platform from NCUT (North China University of Technology) and introduces corresponding teaching methods based on the platform to promote the practical ability in engineering students. Taking the manufacturing process of a rotary part as an example, this paper explains the virtual reality integrated method, which is an innovative approach to enhance students’ engagement during the practice sessions. Students are divided into several groups and collaborate to complete the practice. The study concludes that the virtual environment simulated by CAD (computer-aided design) software, serve as an excellent complement to the real-world equipment, enabling students to complete operations repeatedly without the constraints of time and space. The proposed virtual reality integrated education platform and corresponding teaching method significantly enhance students' engagement and practical skills.
Conditioned Visual Captioning with Spatially-Aware Multimodal Modeling
Authors: Marwood Poppy , Hsu Lobry , Taylor Harry
Published: February 2025

Understanding scene text in images is crucial for various real-world applications, especially for visually impaired individuals who rely on comprehensive and contextually relevant descriptions. Traditional text-aware image captioning systems, however, fail to generate personalized captions that cater to diverse user inquiries. To bridge this gap, we introduce a novel and challenging task called Question-driven Text-aware Image Captioning (Q-TAG), where captions are dynamically tailored based on specific user queries. Given an image embedded with multiple scene texts, the system must comprehend user-posed questions, extract relevant textual and visual features, and construct fluent, contextually enriched captions. To facilitate research in this domain, we construct benchmark datasets derived from existing text-aware captioning datasets through an automated data augmentation pipeline. These datasets provide comprehensive quadruples of . We propose an advanced model, Q-TAG, which integrates a Spatially-aware Multimodal Encoder to fuse object-region and scene-text features while considering their geometric relationships. Additionally, a Question-driven Feature Selector filters the most relevant visual-textual elements based on user queries. Finally, a Multimodal Fusion Decoder synthesizes these components to generate highly informative captions. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that Q-TAG surpasses strong baselines in both captioning quality and question relevance, producing more diverse and context-sensitive descriptions than existing models.
Stress Hyperglycemia Is Associated With Unfavorable Outcomes After Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gao Jie , Chen Xiangliang , Huang Qing , Gu Mengmeng , Hong Ye , Xu Gelin
Published: February 2025

Background Stress hyperglycemia may deteriorate stroke outcomes, but the effects of this condition on prognosis of mechanical thrombectomy remain undetermined. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of stress hyperglycemia on in-hospital and 3-month outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy in stroke patients due to anterior circulation occlusion.
Methods A total of 415 patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy in the anterior circulation were enrolled. Stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) was measured with fasting glucose/glycated hemoglobin ratio and grouped as tertiles (i.e., SHR1–3) to compare in-hospital and 3-month outcomes using multivariable regression models. The effect of SHR stratified by diabetes status and the added value of SHR on the Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events (THRIVE)-c risk score were also explored.
Results The SHR3 group compared with the SHR1–2 group showed increased 24h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.088; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.551–10.772; P = 0.004), increased 72h early neurological deterioration (aOR, 3.505; 95% CI, 1.984–6.192; P < 0.001), and a similar incidence of post-stroke pneumonia (aOR, 1.379; 95% CI, 0.838–2.268; P = 0.206). At three months, patients in the SHR3 group had a worse distribution of modified Rankin scale (aOR, 2.261; 95% CI, 1.495–3.421; P < 0.001), and were at a higher risk of unfavorable functional outcome (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.629; 95% CI, 1.230–2.158; P = 0.001) and all-cause mortality (aHR, 1.986; 95% CI, 1.235–3.194; P = 0.005). The adverse effects of SHR were more often observed in non-diabetic patients, and including SHR significantly improved the accuracy of the THRIVE-c score for predicting poor stroke outcomes.
Conclusions Stress hyperglycemia is related to the risks of in-hospital and 3-month poor outcomes after receiving mechanical thrombectomy in the anterior circulation.
Genetic Results and Clinical Pregnancy Outcomes Following Preimplantation Genetic Testing: A Retrospective Analysis of 2577 Embryo Biopsies
Authors: Barrrenetxea Gorka , Celis Ricardo , Samojluk Sheila , Barrenetxea Julen , Martínez Edurne , De Las Heras María , Gómez Oihane , Aguirre Olaia
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: This study investigates the impact of maternal age and blastocyst development stage on aneuploidy rates. It evaluates the effectiveness of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) in improving clinical outcomes in in vitro fertilization (IVF). While PGT-A is often recommended for older patients, this study highlights its value across all maternal age groups in optimizing embryo selection. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted, analyzing 691 IVF cycles with PGT-A and 2,577 biopsied blastocysts between January 2019 and December 2023 at a single reproductive center. Patients were stratified into five age groups (<30, 31–33, 34–35, 36–40, >40 years), and blastocyst biopsies were performed on days 5 or 6 for genetic testing. Primary outcomes included euploidy and aneuploidy rates, while secondary outcomes assessed embryo availability and pregnancy complications. Results: The overall euploidy rate was 34.5%, declining with age from 43.6% (<30 years) to 15.9% (>40 years), while aneuploidy rates peaked at 75.43% (>40 years). Blastocysts biopsied on day 5 showed higher euploidy rates than on day 6 (40.16% vs. 27.92%, p<0.001). PGT-A cycles demonstrated superior ongoing pregnancy rates compared to cycles without genetic testing, with the most significant benefit observed in patients aged 36–40 (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.07–4.35). However, all age groups benefited from PGT-A in reducing failed transfers due to non-viable embryos. Conclusions: This study underscores the universal utility of PGT-A in IVF, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing clinical outcomes and embryo selection, not only among older patients but across all maternal age groups. These findings highlight PGT-A as a valuable tool for optimizing IVF success regardless of patient age.
An Integrated Method for Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Tall Wheatgrass Breeding Program
Authors: Xiao Qiang , Li Wei , Hu Pan , Cheng Jianfeng , Zheng Qi , Li Hongwei , Li Zhensheng
Published: February 2025

A method integrating seed germination, seedling emergence, and seedling growth was established to evaluate salt tolerance in tall wheatgrass. The results showed that 250 mM NaCl, 150 mM Na2SO4, 150 mM NaHCO3, or 100 mM Na2CO3 resulted in 31.5%, 65.4%, 68.2%, and 32.6% of non-stress seed germination rate, respectively. The 250 mM NaCl and 100 mM Na2CO3 can be used for germination tests in tall wheatgrass for tolerance to neutral and sodic salt stress, respectively. In addition, 250 mM NaCl or saline water with ECw= 6.6 dS m‒1 resulted in 52% and 59.8% of non-stress seedling emergence rate. Seedling hydroponic culture demonstrated that 300 mM NaCl resulted in 38.2%, 35.7% and 50% of the non-stress total dry weight, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight, respectively. The salt response genes expressed differentially in tall wheatgrass subjected to long-term and short-term salt stress. Interestingly, the expression levels of NHX7.1 and NCL1 were higher in the salt-tolerant lines than in the salt-sensitive lines. Based on the integrated evaluation of seed germination, seedling emergence, and seedling growth, six of the 28 tall wheatgrass lines were salt tolerant. Additionally, two Tritipyrum lines were found to inherit salt tolerance from tall wheatgrass. Collectively, this work provided an integrated method for salt tolerance test in tall wheatgrass breeding program.
Enhancing Pork Quality: Impact of Jathropha Tangorensis and Psidium guajava Leaf Meals on Carcass Traits, Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Appeal
Authors: Ekpo Joseph S. , Okon Utibe M. , Adediran Opeyemi A.
Published: February 2025

Jathropha tanjorensis and Psidium guajava are plants of interest containing promising phyto-additives with the potentials to improve pork quality and carcass traits. This study evaluated the effects of Jathropha tangorensis and Psidium guajava leaf meals on pork quality in terms of sensory attributes, chemical composition, and carcass traits. Twenty-four grower pigs (21.81±2.15 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary regimens: the basal diet group, which served as the control, the Jathropha tanjorensis Leaf Meal (JTLM) and Psidium guajava Leaf Meal (PGLM) groups. The additives were included at 3% of body weight, with two replicates of four pigs per regimen. Results showed JTLM and PGLM significantly improved carcass traits (p<0.05) compared to control. Preslaughter weight, dressed weight, shank, belly, breast, and thick rib chop were higher (p<0.05) in JTLM and PGLM groups. Test ingredients also elicited increase in organ weights. Abdominal fat differed significantly (p<0.05), with the control group showing the highest value (10.00) compared to JTLM (0.00) and PGLM (0.00). Pork physicochemical properties improved significantly (p<0.05) in the JTLM and PGLM groups. Cooking loss, cooking yield, and water holding capacity showed significant differences (p=0.001). Taste panelists preferred pork from JTLM and PGLM groups for flavour, juiciness, and tenderness. Conclusively, JTLM and PGLM have good application values as potential feed additives for growing pigs. Dietary supplementation with Jathropha tanjorensis and Psidium guajava at 3% of body weight can improve pork quality including carcass traits, physicochemical properties, and sensory appeal. Higher inclusion levels of the leaf meals is encouraged in future studies.
Understanding People's Intention Toward the Adoption of Biogas Technology: Applying the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Kulugomba Regina , Mapoma Harold W.T , Gamula Gregory , Mlatho Stanley , Blanchard Richard
Published: February 2025

The objective of the study was to investigate factors that influence people’s intention to adopt biogas technology in Malawi. The study adopted variables of the diffusion of innovation theory (DIT) (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity and observability) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) (subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and attitude) to assess the intention. The study utilized a quantitative methodology, gathering primary data from 98 potential biogas adopters in five districts in Malawi using a questionnaire with a five-point Lik-ert scale. After data collection, a reliability test was conducted to determine the questionnaire's reliability. A multiple regression analysis was performed to establish the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and attitude were taken as independent variables while the intention to adopt biogas technology was the dependent variable. The study's results indicated that only compatibility and subjective norms were significant predictors and independently contributed to predicting individuals' in-tentions to adopt biogas technology. This will assist policy makers to provide technologies that will be compatible to people’s culture and lifestyle hence preventing wasting of resources. At the same time, involvement of important people in the society will help in raising awareness of the importance of biogas technology
A Cost-Effective, Wideband Destructive Technique for Thin-Film Substrate Characterization in RF Circuits
Authors: ZAKKA EL NASHEF Georges , Abdel Karim Abdel Karim , Sadek Sawsan
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a validated, cost-effective technique for the wideband characterization of thin-film substrate materials in RF circuits. The method leverages traditional resonant structures to determine key parameters—relative permittivity and loss tangent—while accounting for fabrication process variability. Covering a broad frequency range (8–16 GHz), the proposed technique can be adapted for other ranges by modifying the resonant structure dimensions. By combining reflection coefficient and input impedance measurements of a Multimode patch antenna, substrate properties are accurately extracted using an iterative numerical fitting process. This approach provides RF designers with precise material data necessary to enhance circuit performance, and is especially useful for thin-film substrates. The technique’s validity is demonstrated through excellent agreement between simulations and measurements, providing a practical, scalable solution for industrial and research applications.
The CMB Temperature Is Simply the Geometric Mean: Tcmb =√TminTmax of the Minimum and Maximum Temperature in the Hubble Sphere
Authors: Haug Espen
Published: February 2025

In the Hubble sphere, we assume that the wavelength of pure energy spreads out in all directions. The maximum wavelength in the Hubble sphere is then the circumference of the Hubble sphere. We assume the minimum wavelength occurs in a Planck mass black hole, which is given by 4πRs,p = 8πlp. Here, we build further on the geometric mean CMB approach by Haug and Tatum and conclude that the CMB temperature is simply given as: Tcmb =√TminTmax, which is the geometric mean of the minimum and maximum physically possible temperatures in the Hubble sphere. This is again means the CMB temperature simply is the geometric mean of the Hawking temperature of the Hubble sphere (in black hole cosmology) and the Hawking temperature of the Planck mass black hole, se we have also Tcmb = THaw,HTHaw,p.
Effectiveness of Gamete Preservation in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) by Determination of Collected Post Mortem Oocyte and Semen Parameters and In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Korzekwa Anna Justyna , Buzan Elena , Pokorny Bostjan , Lecewicz Marek , Kordan Władysław
Published: February 2025

The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of semen cryopreservation and oocyte vitrification in roe deer as a potential method of gamete preservation for endangered deer species. Sperm was isolated from the cauda epididymis (N=14). The motility parameters (CASA) and morphology of fresh semen (FS) and frozen–thawed semen (TS) were compared. A hyaluronic binding assay (HBA) was used in FS to distinguish between mature spermatozoa that express hyaluronan re-ceptors on their plasma membrane and immature ones that lack these receptors, and the mito-chondrial membrane potential in TS was determined (flow cytometry). The HBA showed a via-bility rate of 61.9% in FS. Oocytes (N=8) underwent a viability test (MTT) and vitrification and fresh oocytes (FOs; N=8) were fertilized with TS and embryos were cultured until the blastocyst stage. The number of isolated oocytes, cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs), cleaved embryos and expanded blastocysts was evaluated. Higher percentages of morphological parameters (acro-some, head, midpiece, and tail shape) were observed in FS compared to TS, whereas the motility and progressive movement were greater in TS (P ≤ 0.001). The viability was 50.5% and the mito-chondrial membrane potential was 40.6% in TS. In total, 311 oocytes were collected and from 150 COCs, 125 blastocysts developed. The oocyte viability after vitrification in thawed oocytes was 81%. The morphology, motility, progressive movement, difference in viability in FS and TS and high viability of fresh and vitrified oocytes indicate that an effective freezing protocol has been established that has potential for implementation in other deer species.
Brief Western History of Furniture Design (Part 4): The Indo-Iberian-American Chair
Authors: Anderson Ibar , Girod Gastón E.
Published: February 2025

This work is a continuation of the article (Part 3) written in ArtyHum No. 90, it mixes the Doctoral Thesis of Dr. Mg. Industrial Designer Ibar Federico Anderson (UNLP) called “The Argentine Belle Époque. Art, domestic architecture and furniture design applied to bourgeois interior decoration (1860-1936)”, defended in 2014 at the National University of La Plata; with the Master's Thesis of the University of Palermo by the Architect Gastón Eduardo Girod (University of Buenos Aires) called “The construction of Argentine Creole furniture. Country chairs from San Antonio de Areco, Province of Buenos Aires, in the period 1990-2021”, defended in 2023. It seeks to develop a new Theoretical Framework for what will be the Doctoral Thesis at the University of Palermo of Mg. Arch. Gastón Girod; whose title is “The integration of traditional artisan techniques in the design and production of contemporary Argentine furniture in the period 2000-2023.”Two previous works have already been written in 2022 in co-authorship in the ArtyHum magazine. This work emphasizes the publication: “The Argentine country-style chair. When the theory of Art becomes a theoretical paradigm to explain the typology of the artisanal design of the proto-rationalist country-style (or gaucho-style) chair in the Argentine Republic” (ArtyHum No. 85).
The Symmetry of Interdependence in Human-AI Teams and the Limits of Classical Team Science
Authors: Lawless William
Published: February 2025

In our quantum-like model of interdependence for human-human, human-AI, and human-machine teams, we apply Dirac's quantum claims that dependency is symmetry, that dependency is a loss of degrees of freedom (\textit{dof}), and, consequently, a loss of information occurs among a team's dependent parts. As we have noted in prior research, the best teams are highly interdependent, putting symmetry in play. Every human activity produces entropy. Mathematically, first, we hypothesize that a highly interdependent team (organization, system) in a state of symmetry can trade the entropy generated by the team's structure, producing least entropy production (LEP), few \textit{dof}, and, thus virtually no internal information to independent observers; and, second, the result allows more of the expenditures of a team's available energy to be directed at its productivity, reaching maximum entropy production (MEP), another form of conservation involving tradeoffs between a team's structure and performance. However, the problem with a state of interdependence is the lack of information it generates, creating an intractable problem for classical social science and a science of teams. To overcome, we provide indirect, but convergent, measures of the advantages of conserving interdependence in teams. In future research, generalizing, when servicing the trade-offs of the available energy to a team, we propose that claims from a team balanced by counterclaims made by a competing team are an example of the symmetry connected to the conservation of interdependence in a system or society, a measure of the freedom agents have to make decisions in their best interest, where every claim among free agents is countered, and where every decision is an example of symmetry breaking.
Electrical Output Simulation Model Establishment about Photovoltaic Microgrid
Authors: Cheng Yujia , Yu Guang
Published: February 2025

With the global energy mix transformation, new energy resources, particularly luminous energy, have garnered increasing attention, along with a gradual increase in their proportion in the electric power sector. However, challenges in new energy resource consumption and system planning persist. Therefore, a reasonable power planning model need to be built, from which the consumptive ability of new energy resource can be improved. The power combination is optimized. The sustainable development of power system can be realized. This study develops a power supply planning model that improves the consumptive ability of new energy resources. Specifically, this study presents a power supply planning model based on a photovoltaic (PV) microgrid system. System modeling and simulation analysis were conducted using MATLAB/Simulink, analyzing the output characteristics of PV microgrid system optimization. Initially, models for PV power and direct current load were established, and the effects of different parameters on the power curve were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the mathematical models are effective in simulating the output characteristics of PV microgrid systems. Additionally, the model optimized the power supply, supporting the sustainable development of the power system. Adjusting the model’s parameters significantly influences the system output, which is valuable for designing and optimizing PV power generation systems.