bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customer Intent Mining from Service Inquiries with Newly Improved Deep Embedded Clustering
Authors: Ha Nguyen Q. K. , Huyen Nguyen T. T. , Uyen Mai T. M. , Viet Nguyen Q. , Quang Nguyen N. , Thanh Dang N. H.
Published: February 2024

Discovering customer intents from text or speech data plays a vital role in text mining and automated dialogue response. It is challenging to process thousands of customer interactions daily. Deep Embedded Clustering (DEC) and Improved DEC (IDEC) with Kullback–Leibler loss handle a lot of data inefficiently due to the asymmetric nature of the loss. To address the challenge, an unsupervised learning approach to discover intents and automatically produce the labels from a collection of unlabeled utterances in the context of the banking domain is proposed. The proposed approach focuses on improving both architectures of DEC and IDEC by combining the Jensen–Shannon (JS) divergence to simultaneously learn feature representations and cluster assignments, and the Second-order Clipped Stochastic Optimization (Sophia). Then, a set of intent labels for each cluster is generated by using a dependency parser in the second stage. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach is capable of generating meaningful intent labels and short text clustering with high performance.
Overview of novel nanobiosensors for electrochemical and optical diagnosis of leukemia: Challenge and opportunity
Authors: Farahdina Ulya , Amrillah Tahta , Mashuri Mashuri , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Rubiyanto Agus , Nasori Nasori
Published: February 2024

Leukemia is one of the ten types of cancer that causes the biggest death in the world. Compared to other types of cancer, leukemia has a low life expectancy, so an early diagnosis of the cancer is necessary. A new strategy has been developed to identify various leukemia biomarkers by making blood cancer biosensors, especially by developing nanomaterial applications so that they can improve the performance of the biosensor. Although many biosensors have been developed, the detection of leukemia by using nanomaterials with electrochemical and optical methods is still less carried out compare to other types of cancer biosensors. Even the acoustic and calorimetric testing methods for the detection of leukemia by utilizing nanomaterials have not yet been carried out. Most of the reviewed works reported the use of gold nanoparticles and electrochemical characterization methods for leukemia detection with the object of study being conventional cancer cells. In order to be used clinically by the community, future research must be carried out with a lot of patient blood objects, develop non-invasive leukemia detection, and be able to detect all types of blood cancer specifically with one biosensor. This can lead to a fast and accurate diagnosis thus allowing for early treatment and easy periodic condition monitoring for various types of leukemia based on its biomarker and future design controlable via internet of things (IoT) so that why would be monitoring real times.
Dynamics of a rank-one multiplicative perturbation of a unitary matrix
Authors: Dubach Guillaume , Reker Jana
Published: February 2024

We provide a dynamical study of a model of multiplicative perturbation of a unitary matrix introduced by Fyodorov. In particular, we identify a flow of deterministic domains that bound the spectrum with high probability, separating the outlier from the typical eigenvalues at all sub-critical timescales. These results are obtained under generic assumptions on [Formula: see text] that hold for a variety of unitary random matrix models.
In-Page Navigation Aids for Screen-Reader Users with Automatic Topicalisation and Labelling
Authors: Silva Jorge Sassaki Resende , Cardoso Paula Christina Figueira , De Bettio Raphael Winckler , Tavares Daniela Cardoso , Silva Carlos Alberto , Watanabe Willian Massami , Freire AndrÉ Pimenta
Published: February 2024

Navigation aids such as headers and internal links provide vital support for screen-reader users on web documents to grasp a document’s structure. However, when such navigation aids are unavailable or not appropriately marked up, this situation can cause serious difficulties. This article presents the design and evaluation of a tool for automatically generating navigation aids with headers and internal links for screen readers with topicalisation and labelling algorithms. The proposed tool uses natural language processing techniques to divide a web document into topic segments and label each segment in two cycles based on its content. We conducted an initial user study in the first cycle with eight blind and partially-sighted screen reader users. The evaluation involved tasks with questions answered by participants with information from texts with and without automatically generated headers. The results in the first cycle provided preliminary indicators of performance improvement and cognitive load reduction. The second cycle involved co-designing an improved version with two blind experts in web accessibility, resulting in a browser extension which injects automatically generated headers and in-page navigation with internal links, along with improvements in the generation of labels using OpenAI’s ChatGPT. The browser extension was evaluated by seven blind participants using the same four texts used to evaluate the preliminary prototype developed in the first cycle. With the two development cycles, the study provided important insights into the design of navigation aids for screen-reader users using natural language processing techniques, including the potential use of generative artificial intelligence for assistive technologies and limitations that need to be explored in future research.
Multisensory perception depends on the reliability of the type of judgment
Authors: Kayser Christoph , Heuer Herbert
Published: February 2024

Our brain tends to combine multisensory signals based on their respective reliability. This reliability depends on sensory noise in the environment, noise in the nervous system, and, as we show here, variability induced by the specific judgment procedure.
Kriging and Radial Basis Function Models for Optimized Design of UAV Wing Fences to Reduce Rolling Moment
Authors: Moghimi Esfand-Abadi Mohammad Hossein , Djavareshkian Mohammad Hassan , Madani Afshin
Published: February 2024

In the present study, the effects of the wing fence on the wing tip vortices and control surfaces located at the tip of the wing in a flying wing aircraft have been investigated using a numerical method. For the size of the fences, the average dimensions extracted from the wing tip vortices at different angles of attack are used. The basic determining parameter is the rolling torque coefficient, which is tried to be shown by employing a parametric study of the flow behavior in different situations of fence placement. These effects on the rolling torque of the aircraft are measured due to the presence of the split drag rudder control system. In this study, the fences were installed at three different heights and three different positions along the length of the wing, which were investigated at angles of attack of 7 to 16 degrees. The next stage of the research is to design the dimensions of the fence using the single-objective optimization method (a method to find the best solution for a problem with a specific goal). The designing of the fences at three points based on the dimensions of the wing tip vortex is carried out with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method (CFD is a computational method that uses physical laws to predict the behavior of fluids.). The aim of this research is to achieve the best design that converges to an optimal solution with minimum time and cost (CFD solution is long). However, CFD analysis requires a lot of computational time. To address this challenge, we employed a hybrid learning model comprising the radial basis function (RBF), a type of artificial neural network, and Kriging, a Gaussian process-based interpolation technique. The dataset for training the hybrid model was obtained from numerical solutions of CFD simulations involving a fence placed at various locations on the wing. Additionally, a genetic algorithm was employed as the optimization method in all instances where it was required. Using the power of machine learning techniques helped us identify the optimal placement of the fence to prevent it from being engulfed by the vortex and to optimize the utilization of the split drag system, yielding significant improvements.
Analysis of Dynamic Evolution of Surrounding Rock Movement and Stress‐Fracture in the Upward and Repeated Mining of Close‐Distance Coal Seams
Authors: Peng Ningbo , Zhang Chunlei , Feng Ruimin , Arif Arifuggaman , Chen Xi , Zhang Weidong , Zhang Shuai , Feng Mingjie
Published: February 2024

The distribution of mining‐induced stress and the resulting rock fractures are two crucial factors affecting mineral extraction in protective layer mining. This research establishes a correlation between the vertical fracture aperture and the second derivative of the rock layer’s subsidence curve equation. The article explores the span requirement for a simply supported beam to fracture. This condition is relevant to understanding the dynamic evolution of rock movement and stress fractures during repeated mining of close‐distance coal seams. Our study investigates alterations in rock stress and fractures resulting from repeated upward mining of coal seams, using the nearby coal seam cluster in Jincheng Mine as a case study. The research findings indicate that during the mining of the upper coal seam, the roof experiences significant but brief periodic loading intervals, as well as severe and moderate periodic loading. As mining progresses to the lower coal seam, pressure relief of the upper coal seam gradually increases in both degree and range. In the upper coal seam, the vertical stress distribution follows a sequence of “V,” “U,” and “W” forms. The upper coal seam undergoes five stages of expansion deformation: compression, expansion, increased expansion, decreased expansion, and stable expansion.
Frontline Nurses’ Job Satisfaction and Missed Nursing Care in a COVID-19 Dedicated Hospital in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Xia , Zhou Jing , Chen Fang , Yang Jing , Jiang Zhixia , De Jesus David Hali
Published: February 2024

This study examined the current situation and relationship between missed nursing care (MNC) and job satisfaction among frontline nurses in a hospital dedicated to treating COVID-19 patients in China. Many dedicated hospitals were constructed or refurbished to centrally manage patients with COVID-19. Most nurses and doctors in these hospitals were redeployed from other departments or hospitals. This may have compromised nursing quality and job satisfaction. The omission of nursing care is a critical factor in assessing nursing quality; therefore, focusing on both MNC and job satisfaction is essential. This cross-sectional study used convenience and snowball sampling techniques to recruit frontline nurses working in a hospital for treating COVID-19 patients from November to December 2022. The questionnaires used in this study included sociodemographic information, job satisfaction, and the MISSCARE survey. Differences in job satisfaction and MISSCARE scores among participants’ demographic deviations were explored using the Mann–Whitney Z test (two groups) and the Kruskal–Wallis H test (three or more groups). The correlation between participants’ job satisfaction and missed nursing actions was analysed using Spearman’s correlation analysis. The analysis included 306 frontline nurses. Frontline nurses’ job satisfaction was high, and their MNC was low. The highest MNC was “offer rehabilitation care and guidance to patients in need every day.” The most reported reasons for the MNC were “urgent patient situations.” In addition, the job satisfaction scale, MNC scores, and reasons for MNC scores showed statistically significant differences among participants’ demographic variables. Moreover, this study identified a negative correlation between frontline nurses’ job satisfaction and MNC. Frontline nurses’ job satisfaction was high, and their MNC was low. Frontline nurses’ demographics were shown to affect their job satisfaction, MNC, and reported reasons. Furthermore, participants’ job satisfaction can influence the MNC. Tailored interventions aimed at maintaining low levels of MNC should consider frontline nurses’ demographic characteristics and job satisfaction.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Secondary to Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Use: A Rare Adverse Effect of Commonly Prescribed Treatment
Authors: Shariff Hamzah , Naidoo Shiva , Ghafari Ghazal , Li Hongjie , Devi Manisha , Kumar Kishore
Published: February 2024

We report a case of a 62-year-old man who was brought in by emergency medical services after a fall and change in mental status. He was found to have severe hyperkalemia, acute kidney injury, and rhabdomyolysis. The hyperkalemia was treated with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS). During hospitalization, he witnessed having black tarry stools along with a significant drop in hemoglobin. Endoscopic evaluation demonstrated nonbleeding large diffuse gastric ulcers with stigmata of recent bleeding, and ulcer biopsy revealed findings consistent with SPS-induced gastric ulceration. No other source of bleeding was localized, suggesting acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to SPS mucosal injury.
β-Catenin Activation Reprograms Ammonia Metabolism to Promote Senescence Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Ye , Cheng Chunxiao , Lu Yanjun , Lian Zhaowu , Liu Qi , Xu Yanchao , Li Yunzheng , Li Huan , Zhang Laizhu , Jiang Xiang , Li Binghua , Yu Decai
Published: February 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical tumor that undergoes metabolic reprogramming, differing from normal liver tissue in glucose, lipid, nucleic acid, and amino acid metabolism. Although ammonia is a toxic metabolic by-product, it has also been recently recognized as a signaling molecule to activate lipid metabolism, and it can be a nitrogen source for biosynthesis to support tumorigenesis. In this study, we revealed that β-catenin activation increases ammonia production in HCC mainly by stimulating glutaminolysis. β-Catenin/LEF1 activated the transcription of the glutamate dehydrogenase GLUD1, which then promoted ammonia utilization to enhance the production of glutamate, aspartate, and proline as evidenced by 15NH4Cl metabolic flux. β-Catenin/TCF4 induced the transcription of SLC4A11, an ammonia transporter, to excrete excess ammonia. SLC4A11 was upregulated in HCC tumor tissues, and high SLC4A11 expression was associated with poor prognosis and advanced disease stages. Loss of SLC4A11 induced HCC cell senescence in vitro by blocking ammonia excretion and reduced β-catenin–driven tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, elevated levels of plasma ammonia promoted the progression of β-catenin mutant HCC, which was impeded by SLC4A11 deficiency. Downregulation of SLC4A11 led to ammonia accumulation in tumor interstitial fluid and decreased plasma ammonia levels in HCC with activated β-catenin. Altogether, this study indicates that β-catenin activation reprograms ammonia metabolism and that blocking ammonia excretion by targeting SLC4A11 could be a promising approach to induce senescence in β-catenin mutant HCC.

Significance:

Ammonia metabolism reprogramming mediated by aberrant activation of β-catenin induces resistance to senescence in HCC and can be targeted by inhibiting SLC4A11 as a potential therapy for β-catenin mutant liver cancer.
Molecular Profiling and the Impact of Treatment on Outcomes in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Type I and II
Authors: Hanna Glenn J. , Grover Punita , Elliott Andrew , McGrath Julie , Xiu Joanne , Sukari Ammar , Johnson Jennifer M. , Wise-Draper Trisha
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon salivary gland cancer with no approved therapies available to treat advanced, incurable disease. Recent molecular profiling efforts have identified two important subtypes: the more aggressive ACC-I is characterized by Notch pathway alterations and MYC amplification whereas ACC-II demonstrates a more indolent phenotype and TP63 overexpression.

Experimental Design:

This retrospective observational cohort study involved de-identified samples from 438 patients with ACC with tumor samples sent for commercially-available molecular profiling (Caris Life Sciences). Next-generation whole-exome and whole-transcriptomic sequencing was performed on primary and metastatic samples. Immunostaining for PD-L1 and RNA deconvolution (quanTIseq) was used to explore the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). Real-world clinical and survival outcome metrics were extracted from insurance claims data.

Results:

MYC expression was 1.61-fold higher (39.8 vs. 24.7; P < 0.0001) among NOTCH1-mutant ACC-I tumors, whereas MYB/L1 fusion rates were similar among ACC-I/II. The median B-cell fraction in the TME was higher among ACC-II (7.1% vs. 5.8%; P < 0.01), although infiltrating T cells subsets were low among either ACC subgroup (both <1%). When pooling systemic treatment categories, ACC-I patients had worse outcomes with available therapies (HR, 3.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.65–5.68; P < 0.01), with no significant difference in overall survival between ACC-I/II based on chemotherapy or VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor exposure in smaller subsets.

Conclusions:

We confirmed the previously reported associations with MYC and TP63 in the prognostically relevant subgroups of ACC-I and -II, respectively, and report immunologic differences among these subtypes. Survival outcomes are comparatively worse in ACC-I regardless of treatment type.
A Pooled Analysis of Treatment-Free Survival in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chang Elaine , Zhou Jiaxi , Song Chi , Gittleman Haley , Fernandes Laura , Weinstock Chana , Atkins Michael B. , Agrawal Sundeep , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Gormley Nicole , Tang Shenghui , Suzman Daniel L. , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Kluetz Paul G. , Pazdur Richard , Rini Brian I. , McDermott David F. , Regan Meredith M.
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

A clinically meaningful attribute of some immune-oncology (IO) regimens is potential durable clinical benefit during a treatment-free interval. We characterize treatment-free survival (TFS) with and without ongoing toxicity in trials of frontline IO-VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combinations in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC).

Experimental Design:

Individual patient data were pooled by treatment arm from randomized trials submitted to the FDA evaluating IO-TKI combination in treatment-naïve aRCC with at least 30 months of median follow-up. OS, TFS, TFS with and without toxicity, and time to all protocol therapy cessation were assessed. TFS was estimated by 30-month restricted mean times, defined as area between Kaplan–Meier curves for two time-to-event endpoints originating at randomization: time to all protocol therapy cessation and time to subsequent systemic therapy initiation or death.

Results:

Three trials met criteria for analysis; 1,183 patients received IO-TKI versus 1,184 on control arms receiving TKI alone (sunitinib, SUN). IO-TKI and SUN groups spent 9% {2.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8–3.5]} and 10% [2.9 months (95% CI, 2.1–3.8)] of the 30-month period alive and treatment-free, respectively. Mean TFS without grade ≥3 toxicity was 1.7 and 2.3 months in IO-TKI and SUN groups, respectively.

Conclusions:

In this post hoc partitioned survival analysis, TFS and TFS without toxicity appeared similar in the IO-TKI group compared with the SUN group. These findings may reflect contin-uation of TKI until progression per protocol design in all trials and discontinuation of IO after 2 years in two trials.

See related commentary by Stadler and Karrison, p. 3098
All That Is Small Is Not a Small-Cell Carcinoma: Thoracic SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumors Masquerading as SCLC
Authors: Rekhtman Natasha
Published: February 2024

Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines have been widely utilized as a preclinical model of this highly aggressive disease. However, since their creation decades ago, novel tumor entities have been defined that might clinicopathologically mimic SCLC, which notably includes thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT). Multiomic reassessment of the presumed SCLC cell lines with high YAP1 expression reveals that nearly all of these tumors represent unsuspected SMARCA4-UT.

See related article by Ng et al., p. 1846
Bridging Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Practice in Vitiligo Treatment: An Updated Review
Authors: Ju Hyun Jeong , Bae Jung Min
Published: February 2024

Background: Treatment of vitiligo seeks to achieve three goals: cessation of disease progression, regeneration of pigmentation, and prevention of recurrence. Summary: Number of nonsurgical interventions are available that suppress the autoimmune response and regenerate the melanocytes from the reservoir: phototherapy including psoralen and ultraviolet A, narrowband ultraviolet B, and 308-nm excimer and 311-nm Titanium:Sapphire lasers; topical agents including topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical corticosteroids, and topical 5-fluorouracil; and systemic agents including corticosteorids, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, methotrexate, minocycline, afamelanotide, and antioxidants. In recent years, a great advance has been made in the understanding of pathogenesis of vitiligo, and JAK inhibitors are being investigated as a new treatment. Minimally invasive procedures such as fractional lasers or microneedling can help achieve the optimal treatment outcome when used properly. Key Messages: Our review describes various treatment modalities for vitiligo based on their molecular mechanism of action. Bridging the gap between molecular mechanisms and therapeutic options would be a valuable reference for physicians in clinical practice.
Adult-Onset Encephalitis over Twelve Years in Easternmost Finland
Authors: Sipilä Jussi O.T.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The epidemiology of encephalitis varies by region and time. Available Finnish data are outdated and there are no data from eastern parts of the country nor concerning the occurrence of autoimmune encephalitides. Materials and Methods: Patients with encephalitis were identified from mandatory administrative registries in North Karelia Central Hospital. The diagnoses were verified and data extracted by reviewing the patient records. Study period was 2010–2021. Only patients >16 years of age were included. Results: Fifty-one patients with a clinical encephalitis were identified (55% men) with a median age of 65 years (interquartile range 45, 73; total age range 16–88 years) indicating a crude incidence of 3.1/100,000 person-years for the entire study period. A specific aetiology could be identified in 31 cases (61%) with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) being the most common one (20% of all 51 cases), followed by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1, 16%) and varicella zoster virus (VZV, 14%). Autoimmune aetiology was confirmed in 10%. TBE was most often found in the youngest age group (16–52 years of age) and the herpes viruses in the oldest group (71 years or older). A specific cause was most often identified in the oldest patients (78%). TBE patients were younger than patients with VZV (p = 0.0009) or HSV-1 (p = 0.0057), but there was no difference when they were compared to patients with autoimmune (p = 0.27) or unknown (p = 0.074) aetiology. At presentation, there were differences in the occurrence of some clinical signs and symptoms between aetiologies but nothing specific. Eight patients (16%) were immunosuppressed. Inpatient seizures occurred in 10 patients (20%). In these cases, the aetiology was HSV-1 in 50% and TBE or VZV in none. A full recovery was observed in 51% of all patients while 3 patients (6%) had died of the encephalitis while in hospital or shortly after discharge. Conclusions: Adult-onset encephalitis was more common and the patients older in easternmost Finland than previously reported in other parts of the country. TBE, HSV-1, and VZV are the most commonly identified specific aetiologies whereas a fifth of the cases are probably caused by autoimmunity. Prognosis depended on aetiology but was very good in the majority of cases.
Predicting the Rapid Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment by Intestinal Flora and Blood Indicators through Machine Learning Method
Authors: Wang Lingling , Yan Jing , Liu Huiqin , Zhao Xiaohui , Song Haihan , Yang Juan
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The aim of the work was to establish a prediction model of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progression based on intestinal flora by machine learning method. Method: A total of 1,013 patients were recruited, in which 87 patients with MCI finished a two-year follow-up. To establish a prediction model, 61 patients were randomly divided into a training set and 26 patients were divided into a testing set. A total of 121 features including demographic characteristics, hematological indicators, and intestinal flora abundance were analyzed. Results: Of the 87 patients who finished a two-year follow-up, 44 presented rapid progression. Model 1 was established based on 121 features with the accuracy 85%, sensitivity 85%, and specificity 83%. Model 2 was based on the first fifteen features of model 1 (triglyceride, uric acid, alanine transaminase, F-Clostridiaceae, G-Megamonas, S-Megamonas, G-Shigella, G-Shigella, S-Shigella, average hemoglobin concentration, G-Alistipes, S-Collinsella, median cell count, average hemoglobin volume, low-density lipoprotein), with the accuracy 97%, sensitivity 92%, and specificity 100%. Model 3 was based on the first ten features of model 1, with the accuracy 97%, sensitivity 86%, and specificity 100%. Other models based on the demographic characteristics, hematological indicators, or intestinal flora abundance features presented lower sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: The 15 features (including intestinal flora abundance) could establish an effective model for predicting rapid MCI progression.
Potensi Masa Depan Elektrifikasi Kendaraan Bermotor di Indonesia: Sebuah Analisis Strategis Rantai Pasok
Authors: Tama Ishardita Pambudi , Novareza Oyong , Hardiningtyas Dewi , Yuniarti Rahmi , Nuzula Nila Firdausi
Published: February 2024

Percepatan transisi energi menjadi agenda nasional Pemerintah sekaligus komitmen Indonesia untuk memperluas akses terhadap teknologi yang terjangkau dan bersih guna mendorong pemulihan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan dan lebih hijau. Salah satu aksi dalam percepatan energi dilakukan dengan pengembangan teknologi kendaraan bermotor listrik. Regulasi di tingkat nasional dan global telah dicanangkan untuk mendukung percepatan pemanfaatan kendaraan bermotor listrik. Terlepas dari adanya berbagai peluang penerapan kendaraan listrik di Indonesia, maka masih banyak pula tantangan yang harus dihadapi. Walaupun di sisi hulu, Indonesia memiliki cadangan nikel yang besar sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan baterai kendaraan listrik, di tahapan manufaktur, industri otomotif di Indonesia masih belum bisa menjadi tuan rumah di negeri sendiri. Kendaraan listrik yang sarat dengan teknologi tinggi masih lebih banyak mengadopsi teknologi yang dimiliki oleh industri besar yang didominasi oleh merk luar negeri. Indonesia masih cenderung menjadi pusat perakitan kendaraan otomotif dibandingkan menjadi produsen. Oleh karena itu, pada buku yang berjudul «Potensi Masa Depan Elektrifikasi Kendaraan Bermotor di Indonesia: Sebuah Analisis Strategis Rantai Pasok» ini, pembaca akan diajak mencermati serangkaian perkembangan elektrifikasi kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia, proses dalam produksinya mulai dari hulu hingga hilir, berbagai strategi dalam rantai pasoknya, dampaknya pada lingkungan, serta bagaimana kebijakan elektrifikasi ini dapat membentuk ekosistem rantai pasok secara keseluruhan. Buku ini juga membahas peran penting pemerintah, produsen, dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya dalam mendukung elektrifikasi kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia.
Panduan Praktis Teknologi Nano: Konsep dan Implementasi
Authors: Fahanani Agwin Fahmi , Kamajaya Leonardo
Published: February 2024

Buku "Panduan Praktis Teknologi Nano: Konsep dan Implementasi" menghadirkan pandangan komprehensif tentang dunia teknologi nano. Di dalam buku ini, pembaca akan diajak dalam perjalanan ilmiah yang dimulai dari dasar- dasar konsep nanoteknologi hingga penerapan praktis. Pada awalnya, pembaca akan diperkenalkan prinsip-prinsip dasar nanoteknologi. Buku ini tidak hanya berbicara tentang teori, tetapi juga memberikan wawasan yang mendalam tentang mengapa teknologi nano menjadi kekuatan pendorong utama dalam berbagai disiplin ilmu dan industri. Kemampuan teknologi nano untuk memanipulasi materi pada skala yang sangat kecil telah membuka pintu untuk berbagai inovasi dalam bidang kesehatan, energi, elektronika, dan lainnya. Buku ini memandu pembaca melalui setiap bab untuk mempelajari metode sintesis material nano yang canggih dan memberikan panduan yang jelas tentang bagaimana menerapkan teknologi nano dalam praktik. Dengan demikian, "Panduan Praktis Teknologi Nano: Konsep dan Implementasi" diharapkan menjadi sumber pengetahuan berharga bagi mahasiswa, ilmuwan, insinyur, dan siapa saja yang ingin memahami dan menerapkan teknologi nano dalam berbagai konteks. Buku ini menginspirasi pembaca untuk menjelajahi dunia nano dengan wawasan yang mendalam dan memberikan pengetahuan praktis yang diperlukan untuk menguasai teknologi nano. Semoga buku ini menjadi panduan yang berharga dalam perjalanan penelitian dan inovasi di era nanoteknologi.
Merancang Identitas Visual untuk Pasar Tradisional
Authors: Handaru Wuri Cahya , Setiawan Aji
Published: February 2024

Pasar dengan arus modern mencerminkan perubahan dan adaptasi masyarakat terhadap tren dan teknologi terkini dalam konteks perdagangan. Identitas visual untuk pasar semacam itu biasanya dirancang untuk mencerminkan kombinasi antara elemen tradisional dan modern, menciptakan kesan baru dan relevan. Identitas visual merupakan representasi visual dari suatu entitas, seperti merek, organisasi, atau produk. Ini mencakup berbagai elemen visual seperti logo, warna, tipografi, dan gaya grafis yang dirancang untuk menciptakan citra yang kohesif dan mudah dikenali sehingga menciptakan sebuah ‘identitas’. Identitas visual membantu membedakan suatu entitas dari yang lainnya. Buku ini membahas dalam praktik perancangan identitas visual untuk pasar tradisional yang melibatkan penciptaan elemen-elemen visual yang merefleksikan warisan budaya, keberagaman produk, dan nuansa tradisional yang dimiliki oleh pasar tradisional. Identitas visual dapat menggambarkan unsur-unsur seperti pedagang lokal, produk khas, atau elemen arsitektur yang khas dari pasar tradisional, ataupun dalam pemilihan warna terinspirasi dari warna alami yang mencerminkan keanekaragaman produk yang dijual di pasar tersebut dengan penerapan isu kontemporer. Secara keseluruhan perancangan identitas visual yang berhasil dapat membantu pasar tradisional memperkuat citra autentik dan menarik perhatian pengunjung modern serta pelanggan potensial sesuai dengan ekspektasi pasar yang terus berkembang.
HRAS
-Mutant Cardiomyocyte Model of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: Rodríguez Nelson A. , Patel Nihir , Dariolli Rafael , Ng Simon , Aleman Angelika G. , Gong Jingqi Q.X. , Lin Hung-Mo , Rodríguez Matthew , Josowitz Rebecca , Sol-Church Katia , Gripp Karen W. , Lin Xianming , Song Soomin C. , Fishman Glenn I. , Sobie Eric A. , Gelb Bruce D.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Germline
HRAS
gain-of-function pathogenic variants cause Costello syndrome (CS). During early childhood, 50% of patients develop multifocal atrial tachycardia, a treatment-resistant tachyarrhythmia of unknown pathogenesis. This study investigated how overactive HRAS activity triggers arrhythmogenesis in atrial-like cardiomyocytes (ACMs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells bearing CS-associated
HRAS
variants.

METHODS:

HRAS
Gly12 mutations were introduced into a human-induced pluripotent stem cells-ACM reporter line. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from patients with CS exhibiting tachyarrhythmia. Calcium transients and action potentials were assessed in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ACMs. Automated patch clamping assessed funny currents. HCN inhibitors targeted pacemaker-like activity in mutant ACMs. Transcriptomic data were analyzed via differential gene expression and gene ontology. Immunoblotting evaluated protein expression associated with calcium handling and pacemaker-nodal expression.

RESULTS:

ACMs harboring
HRAS
variants displayed higher beating rates compared with healthy controls. The hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel inhibitor ivabradine and the Na
v
1.5 blocker flecainide significantly decreased beating rates in mutant ACMs, whereas voltage-gated calcium channel 1.2 blocker verapamil attenuated their irregularity. Electrophysiological assessment revealed an increased number of pacemaker-like cells with elevated funny current densities among mutant ACMs. Mutant ACMs demonstrated elevated gene expression (ie,
ISL1
,
TBX3
,
TBX18
) related to intracellular calcium homeostasis, heart rate, RAS signaling, and induction of pacemaker-nodal-like transcriptional programming. Immunoblotting confirmed increased protein levels for genes of interest and suppressed MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) activity in mutant ACMs.

CONCLUSIONS:

CS-associated gain-of-function

HRAS
G12

mutations in induced pluripotent stem cells-derived ACMs trigger transcriptional changes associated with enhanced automaticity and arrhythmic activity consistent with multifocal atrial tachycardia. This is the first human-induced pluripotent stem cell model establishing the mechanistic basis for multifocal atrial tachycardia in CS.
Paternal Orphanhood, Parental Illness, and Child’s Biological Relationship to Household Head: Their Impact on Child Health in Nigeria
Authors: Kazeem Aramide , Musalia John
Published: February 2024

This research fills a hole in the literature by investigating whether, in Nigeria, differences exist in the health of paternal orphans or vulnerable children depending on whether they have a close biological relationship with the household head compared to a distant relationship when health is measured through diarrhea, fever, and cough. The research analyzes the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey Data and employs a multi-level logistic regression as the model estimation technique. The results show that, regardless of the measure of child health, among paternal orphans or vulnerable children there is no significant difference in the health of grandchildren or children who are relatives/non-relatives of their household head in contrast to biological children of the household head. Further, results indicate that, among non-orphans or non-vulnerable children, there is a positive and statistically significant difference only in the odds of diarrhea for grandchildren compared to biological children. The devotion of foreign aid in social and health services in 2011–2013 from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) for only orphans and vulnerable children, alongside contributions from the Nigeria government and other organizations, alleviated poor health status among said children.
Linc00958 Promotes Lung Cancer Proliferation and Migration Through Regulating microRNA-490-3p
Authors: Wang Kunjie , An Lin , Zang Aimin , Li Yumiao , Huo Yue
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the role of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 00958 (Linc00958) in lung cancer (LCa) progression and its underlying mechanism. The study assessed Linc00958 expression in LCa tissues and adjacent tissues using qRT-PCR, and its impact on patient prognosis
was analyzed through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Additionally, Linc00958 expression in LCa and normal lung cell lines was examined in vitro. Functional assays, including CCK-8, EdU, and transwell assays, were conducted to evaluate the effects of Linc00958 knockdown on LCa cells.
To uncover the molecular mechanism, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding relationship between Linc00958 and microRNA-490-3p, a downstream gene. Co-transfection experiments were performed to elucidate microRNA-490-3p’s role in Linc00958’s impact on LCa
cell functions. The results showed that Linc00958 was overexpressed in LCa tissues and cells, and high Linc00958 expression correlated with reduced patient survival. in vitro experiments revealed that Linc00958 promoted tumor proliferation and migration in LCa cells. Both computational
predictions and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated binding sites between microRNA-490-3p and Linc00958. Co-transfection experiments confirmed that Linc00958 facilitated LCa cell proliferation and migration through modulating microRNA-490-3p expression. In summary, Linc00958 promotes
LCa cell proliferation and migration by regulating microRNA-490-3p.
Climatological Observation and Model Simulation of Near-Surface Hourly Maximum Gust Wind in Northern China
Authors: Yang Lu , Song Linye , Chen Mingxuan , Cheng Conglan
Published: February 2024

While previous work on the climatology of Northern China has focused on mean wind speed, wind gusts have received comparatively less attention but are equally important to various users. In this paper, an observed hourly maximum gust wind speeds (HMGS) dataset across North China has been created by using time series from 174 meteorological stations. The dataset offers superior quality, high spatiotemporal near-surface HMGS series for North China spanning from 2015 to 2022. The objective of this study is first to improve our understanding of the spatiotemporal gusts climatology in North China by analyzing the observed gust data. Second, we aim to supplement the observational data by using gust analysis and forecast data with a high spatial–temporal resolution from model simulations. The spatial characteristics of the seasonal cycle of the simulated analysis of mean HMGS and the performance in predicting gusts based on the geographical locations and elevations of the validation stations were investigated by comparing it with the observations. Results indicate the following: 1) Wind direction and intensity are affected by the terrain and climate conditions of different weather stations. Stations situated along the Bohai Bay coastal region and at higher-elevation areas of North China exhibit a higher mean HMGS than those located in the coastal and inland plains. 2) The probability density function curves for wind speed and wind direction exhibit notable variations across different elevation intervals. The contribution of moderate and strong gust wind speeds increases gradually with increasing altitude, while the gust directions in mountainous areas exhibit relatively consistent patterns due to the increased exposure to synoptic-scale forcing at higher elevations. 3) The nowcasting prediction system analysis of mean HMGS provides a higher horizontal resolution that is capable of capturing the contrasts between land and sea, as well as the influence of high HMGS associated with large-scale circulations in high-elevation regions.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to better understand the spatiotemporal gust climatology in North China and the performance of the model-simulated gust analysis and forecast data. This is important because gusts conditions differ due to varying topographic and climatic conditions of different weather stations. Our results provide a valuable insight into the climatological variations of HMGS, their drivers, and identify the deficiencies in the model-simulation gusts.
Substantial Warming of the Atlantic Ocean in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Ren Qiuping , Kwon Young-Oh , Yang Jiayan , Huang Rui Xin , Li Yuanlong , Wang Fan
Published: February 2024

The storage of anthropogenic heat in oceans is geographically inhomogeneous, leading to differential warming rates among major ocean basins with notable regional climate impacts. Our analyses of observation-based datasets show that the average warming rate of 0–2000-m Atlantic Ocean since 1960 is nearly threefold stronger than that of the Indo-Pacific Oceans. This feature is robustly captured by historical simulations of phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and is projected to persist into the future. In CMIP6 simulations, the ocean heat uptake through surface heat fluxes plays a central role in shaping the interbasin warming contrasts. In addition to the slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation as stressed in some existing studies, alterations of atmospheric conditions under greenhouse warming are also essential for the increased surface heat flux into the North Atlantic. Specifically, the reduced anthropogenic aerosol concentration in the North Atlantic since the 1980s has been favorable for the enhanced Atlantic Ocean heat uptake in CMIP6 models. Another previously overlooked factor is the geographic shape of the Atlantic Ocean which is relatively wide in midlatitudes and narrow in low latitudes, in contrast to that of the Indo-Pacific Oceans. Combined with the poleward migration of atmospheric circulations, which leads to the meridional pattern of surface heat uptake with broadly enhanced heat uptake in midlatitude oceans due to reduced surface wind speed and cloud cover, the geographic shape effect renders a higher basin-average heat uptake in the Atlantic.
Return Visits in Infants Younger Than 90 Days Presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department for Fever
Authors: Rogachev Sonia , Hashavya Saar , Rekhtman David , Schiesel Gali , Benenson-Weinberg Talia , Weiser Giora , Gordon Oren , Gross Itai
Published: February 2024

Fever in infants presenting to pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) often results in significant return visits (RVs). This retrospective study aimed to identify factors associated with RVs in febrile infants aged 0 to 90 days. Data from infants presenting to PED between 2018 and 2021 and returning within 7 days (RV group) were compared to age-matched febrile infants without RVs (control group). Each group had 95 infants with similar demographics and medical history. RVs were primarily due to positive cultures and persistent fever. The control group had higher initial hospitalization rates, longer PED stays, and increased antibiotic treatment. Prevalence of serious bacterial infections (SBIs) did not significantly differ. Higher hospitalization, prolonged PED stays, and initial antibiotic treatment were associated with reduced RV incidence despite similar SBI rates. Return visits in infants <90 days were primarily driven by persistent fever and positive cultures. Addressing these factors through targeted parental education and improved care protocols may reduce RVs.
Book review: P. C. Sikligar, Panchayati Raj and Rural Development: Policy, Practice and Implications
Authors: Neela Bai R.
Published: February 2024

P. C. Sikligar, Panchayati Raj and Rural Development: Policy, Practice and Implications. Blue-Rose Publishers, 2022, 325 pp., ₹315. ISBN: 978-93-90380-73-2.
Book review: Sanjiv Chopra, We, the People of the States of Bharat: The Making and Remaking of India’s Internal Boundaries
Authors: Srinivas V.
Published: February 2024

Sanjiv Chopra, We, the People of the States of Bharat: The Making and Remaking of India’s Internal Boundaries. HarperCollins, 2022, 397 pp., ₹799.00.
Returning at Any Cost? How Black College Students Feel Toward COVID Vaccines and Institutional Mandates
Authors: Childs Joshua , Taylor Z. W.
Published: February 2024

Decades of research have found African Americans to be unfairly marginalized by healthcare systems. As U.S. colleges released their plans to re-open for in-person classes for the Fall 2021 semester and beyond, research is needed into how African American students view vaccine mandates, such as the one levied in March 2021 by Rutgers University and many other institutions. Subsequently, the purpose of this study is to explore how African American students feel regarding vaccine mandates and a return to in-person learning. In all, this survey study engaged with 180 African American college students currently enrolled in postsecondary education in the United States. Results suggest Black women are more comfortable with COVID-19 vaccinations than Black men, and Black women are more willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine to return to in-person learning on campus. Implications of this work outline how Black women may return to in-person higher education at greater numbers than Black men, perhaps further marginalizing Black men from higher education. Students with disabilities and students attending 4-year institutions also expressed the most discomfort and least likelihood to take a COVID-19 vaccine if it were mandated. Implications for equity and campus safety are addressed.
Neighborhood Deprivation and Changes in Oral Health in Older Age: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study
Authors: Ganbavale S.G. , Papachristou E. , Mathers J.C. , Papacosta A.O. , Lennon L.T. , Whincup P.H. , Wannamethee S.G. , Ramsay S.E.
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors (objective and perceived) are associated with poor oral health in older adults over time, independent of individual socioeconomic position. Data for this cross-sectional and longitudinal observation study came from a socially and geographically representative cohort of men aged 71 to 92 y in 2010–12 ( n = 1,622), drawn from British general practices, which was followed up in 2018–19 (aged 78–98 y; N = 667). Dental measures at both times included number of teeth, periodontal pocket depth, self-rated oral health, and dry mouth. Neighborhood deprivation was based on Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) and a cumulative index measuring perceptions about local environment. Individual-level socioeconomic position was based on longest-held occupation. Multilevel and multivariate logistic regressions, adjusted for relevant sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors, were performed to examine the relationships of dental measures with IMD and perceived neighborhood quality index, respectively. Cross-sectionally, risks of tooth loss, periodontal pockets, and dry mouth increased from IMD quintiles 1 to 5 (least to most deprived); odds ratios (ORs) for quintile 5 were 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–3.51), 2.82 (95% CI, 1.72–4.64), and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.08–2.09), respectively, after adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors. Risks of increased pocket depth and dry mouth were significantly greater in quintile 5 (highest problems) of perceived neighborhood quality index compared to quintile 1. Over the 8-y follow-up, deterioration of dentition (tooth loss) was significantly higher in the most deprived IMD quintiles after full adjustment (OR for quintile 5 = 2.32; 95% CI, 1.09–4.89). Deterioration of dentition and dry mouth were significantly greater in quintile 5 of perceived neighborhood quality index. Neighborhood-level factors were associated with poor oral health in older age, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, particularly with tooth loss, and dry mouth, independent of individual-level socioeconomic position.