bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the therapeutic potential of Lobaria extract and its depsides/depsidones in combatting Aβ42 peptides aggregation and neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yang Meixia , Yan Caishan , Ospondpant Dusadee , Wang Lisong , Lin Shengying , Tang Wai Lun , Dong Tina Tingxia , Tong Penger , Xu Qin , Tsim Karl Wah Keung
Published: August 2024

Background: The development of effective inhibitors that can inhibit amyloid β (Aβ) peptides aggregation and promote neurite outgrowth is crucial for the possible treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lobaria (Schreb.) Hoffm., a traditional Chinese medicine used in Himalaya region for inflammatory diseases, contains depsides/depsidones (DEPs) such as gyrophoric acid, norstictic acid, and stictic acid known for their anti-cancer and anti-inflammation properties.

Methods:Lobaria extracts were analyzed using HPLC to identify DEPs and establish standards. The inhibitory effects of Lobaria on Aβ42 fibrillization and depolymerization were assessed using various approaches with biophysical and cellular methods. The neuroprotective activity of Lobaria extracts and its DEPs aganist Aβ-mediated cytotoxicity was also evaluated.

Results: Norstictic and stictic acid were found in the water extract, while norstictic, stictic, and gyrophoric acid were detected in the ethanol extract of Lobaria. Both extracts, and their DEPs effectively inhibited Aβ42 fibrillation and disaggregate mature Aβ42 fibrils. Notably, the ethanol extract showed superior inhibitory effect compared to the water extract, with gyrophoric acid being the most effective DEPs. Additionally, herbal extract-treated Aβ42 aggregation species significantly protected neuronal cells from Aβ42-induced cell damage and promoted neurite outgrowth.

Conclusion: This study is the first to investigate the effect of Lobaria on Aβ42 and neuronal cell in AD. Given that Lobaria is commonly used in ethnic medicine and food with good safety records, our findings propose that Lobaria extracts and DEPs have potential as neuroprotective and therapeutic agents for AD patients.
Ferroptosis in the adjuvant treatment of lung cancer-the potential of selected botanical drugs and isolated metabolites
Authors: Tian Xiaoyan , Fu Kunling , Huang Xuemin , Zou Haiyan , Shi Nianmei , Li Jiayang , Bao Yuxiang , He Sisi , Lv Junyuan
Published: August 2024

Ferroptosis represents a distinct form of cell death that is not associated with necrosis, autophagy, apoptosis, or pyroptosis. It is characterised by intracellular iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. The current literature indicates that a number of botanical drugs and isolated metabolites can modulate ferroptosis, thereby exerting inhibitory effects on lung cancer cells or animal models. The aim of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms through which botanical drugs and isolated metabolites regulate ferroptosis in the context of lung cancer, thereby providing potential insights into lung cancer treatment. It is crucial to highlight that these preclinical findings should not be interpreted as evidence that these treatments can be immediately translated into clinical applications. In the future, we will continue to study the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of these drugs, as well as evaluating their efficacy and safety in clinical trials, with the aim of providing new approaches to the development of new agents for the treatment of lung cancer.
PepT1-targeted nanodrug based on co-assembly of anti-inflammatory peptide and immunosuppressant for combined treatment of acute and chronic DSS-induced ColitiS
Authors: Zhang Daifang , Jiang Longqi , Yu Fengxu , Yan Pijun , Liu Yong , Wu Ya , Yang Xi
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel diseases with limited therapeutic outcomes, is characterized by immune disorders and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Currently, the most medications used to cure IBD in clinic just temporarily induce and maintain remission with poor response rates and limited outcomes. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to develop an appropriate therapeutic candidate with preferable efficacy and less adverse reaction for curing IBD.

Methods

Five groups of mice were utilized: control that received saline, DSS group (mice received 2.5% DSS or 4% DSS), KPV group (mice received KPV), FK506 group (mice received FK506) and NPs groups (mice received NPs). The effect of NP on the inflammatory factors of macrophage was evaluated using CCK-8, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Elisa and Western blot (WB). Immunofluorescent staining revealed the targeting relationship between NP and Petp-1. Immunohistochemistry staining showed the effect of NP on tight junction proteins. Moreover, in vivo animal experiments confirmed that NPs reduced inflammatory levels in IBD.

Results and Discussion

After administering with NPs, mice with DSS-induced acute or chronic colitis exhibited significant improvement in body weight, colon length, and disease activity index, decreased the level of the factors associated with oxidative stress (MPO, NO and ROS) and the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), which implied that NPs could ameliorate murine colitis effectively. Furthermore, treating by NPs revealed a notable reduction of the expressions of CD68 and CD3, restoring the expression levels of tight junction proteins (Claudin-5, Occludin-1, and ZO-1) were significantly restored, surpassing those observed in the KPV and FK506 groups. which indicated that NPs can reduce inflammation and enhance epithelial barrier integrity by decreasing the infiltration of macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Collectively, those results demonstrated the effectively therapeutic outcome after using NPs in both acute and chronic colitis, suggesting that the newly co-assembled of NPs can be as a potential therapeutic candidate for colitis.
Case report: Lichenoid eruption under immunotherapy with MK-4830 and pembrolizumab in a breast cancer patient
Authors: Kachlik Zofia , Błażewicz Izabela , Ciarka Aleksandra , Nowicki Roman J.
Published: August 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, yet they can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including cutaneous toxicities such as lichenoid eruptions. Pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, is known for its association with lichen-planus-like reactions, while the side effect profile of combining immunotherapy with MK-4830, a novel fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets ILT-4, remains limited.

Case report

We present a case of a 47-year-old female with metastatic breast cancer who developed a grade 2 Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) lichenoid reaction after 9 months of MK-4830 and pembrolizumab use. Confluent, erythematous papules with Wickham’s striae appeared predominantly on the extremities. Initial therapy with high-potency topical corticosteroids proved insufficient, however prednisone 40 mg daily resulted in satisfactory remission of lichen-planus-like reaction, permitting continued immunotherapy without dosage adjustment.

Conclusion

This case highlights the novel occurrence of lichenoid eruption induced by MK-4830 and pembrolizumab in breast cancer treatment. The patient was successfully treated with oral prednisone, which controlled the skin symptoms without interrupting ICI therapy. We emphasize that early diagnosis and treatment of low-grade lichenoid eruption can prevent the cessation of ICIs, thereby combining the benefits of managing irAEs and avoiding cancer progression, leading to a better long-term prognosis.
Screening of potential antioxidant bioactive Q-markers of paeoniae radix rubra based on an integrated multimodal strategy
Authors: Li Hengli , Zhao Yu , Wang Jiaqi , Peng Caiwang , Tang Keyan , Sun Mu , Yang Yantao , Liu Qingping , Liu Fang
Published: August 2024

Background

Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR) has been used widely to promote blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis in China clinical practice owing to its extensive pharmacological effects. However, the “quality markers” (Q-markers) of the antioxidant effects remains unknown.

Object

To explore the Q-markers of antioxidant activity based on multiple strategies, which would provide reference for the quality evaluation of PRR based on specific pharmacodynamic-oriented.

Methods

Firstly, the “fingerprint” profiles of 15 batches of PRR were acquired and identified by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) and the common peaks extracted. Meanwhile, the MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of 15 batches of PRR on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HT-22 cells. The antioxidant activity of PRR was investigated simultaneously by superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) commercial kits. The relationship between common peaks and antioxidant indexes were constructed by grey relational analysis (GRA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for the identification of preselected Q-markers. Secondly, experimental verification was conducted to investigate the protective effect of the preliminary components on HT-22 cells undergoing oxidative stress. Finally, for the further validation of effectiveness of antioxidant Q-markers, network pharmacology was applied to explore potential targets, and the molecular docking technology was used to value the binding ability of the potential active components of PRR to the antioxidant targets.

Results

Thirty-seven common peaks from 15 batches of PRR were identified qualitatively by UHPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS. The MTT assay showed that PRR could reduce the oxidative damage induced by H2O2 upon HT-22 cells according to the index of MDA, SOD and GSH. Eight potential antioxidant components were screened by spectrum-effect correlation analysis: paeoniflorin, galloylpaeoniflorin, albiflorin, 1,2,3,4,6-o-pentagalloylglucose, benzoylpaeoniflorin, pinocembrin, oleanic acid, and isorhamnetin-3-o-nehesperidine. Each of these preliminary components showed significant protections on cellular oxidative stress (P < 0.05). Interleukin-6 (IL-6), protein kinase B (AKT1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were predicted to be the major potential targets of PRR, and the good binding ability were presented between the potential active components of PRR and each target as a whole.

Conclusion

Eight components were identified as the antioxidant Q-markers of PRR based on an integrated multimodal strategy.
SPECT/CT to quantify early small airway disease and its relationship to clinical symptoms in smokers with normal lung function: a pilot study
Authors: Juneau Daniel , Leblond Antoine , Chatta Rami , Lévesque Valérie , Lussier Annabelle , Dubé Bruno-Pierre
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Smokers frequently display respiratory symptoms despite the fact that their pulmonary function tests (PFTs) can be normal. Quantitative lung ventilation single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) can provide a quantification of lung ventilatory homogeneity and could prove useful as an early marker of airway disease in smokers. We measured the effects of smoking on regional ventilation distribution in subjects with normal lung function and evaluated whether ventilation distribution in these subjects is related to lung function tests results and clinical symptoms.

Methods

Subjects without any history of respiratory disease were prospectively recruited and separated in two groups: active smokers (AS: ≥10 cigarettes/day and history of ≥15 pack-years) and never smokers (NS: lifetime exposure of <5 cigarettes). All subjects performed PFTs (which had to be normal, defined as z-score values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, total lung capacity (TLC) residual volume and diffusion capacity (DLCO) all falling between −1.65 and +1.65) and underwent SPECT/CT with Technegas, which generated subject- specific ventilation heterogeneity maps. The area under the compensated coefficient of variation (CV) density curve for CV values > 40%, (AUC-CV40%) was used as the measure of ventilation heterogeneity.

Results

30 subjects were recruited (15 per group). Subjects in the AS group displayed higher dyspnea levels (1 [1–2] vs. 0 [0–1] units on mMRC scale, p < 0.001). AUC- CV40% was significantly higher in the AS group (0.386 ± 0.106 vs. 0.293 ± 0.069, p = 0.004). AUC-CV40% was significantly correlated to FEV1 (rho = −0.47, p = 0.009), DLCO (rho = −0.49, p = 0.006), CAT score (rho = 0.55, p = 0.002) and mMRC score (rho = 0.54, p = 0.002). Subjects with mMRC >0 had higher AUC-CV40% values than those without dyspnea (0.289 ± 0.071 vs. 0.378 ± 0.102, p = 0.006), while FEV1 and DLCO were not different between those groups. ROC analyses showed that the AUC for AUC-CV40% in identifying subjects with mMRC score >0 was 0.78 (95%CI 0.61–0.95, p = 0.009), which was significantly higher than that of FEV1 and DLCO.

Discussion

In smokers with normal lung function, ventilatory inhomogeneities can be quantified using SPECT/CT. AUC-CV40% values are related to lung function decline and to respiratory symptomatology, suggesting a potential role for this marker in the evaluation of symptomatic smokers.
Wavelet-based U-shape network for bioabsorbable vascular stents segmentation in IVOCT images
Authors: Lin Mingfeng , Lan Quan , Huang Chenxi , Yang Bin , Yu Yuexin
Published: August 2024

Background and Objective

Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of mortality among individuals with cardiovascular conditions. The therapeutic use of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVSs) through stent implantation is common, yet the effectiveness of current BVS segmentation techniques from Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IVOCT) images is inadequate.

Methods

This paper introduces an enhanced segmentation approach using a novel Wavelet-based U-shape network to address these challenges. We developed a Wavelet-based U-shape network that incorporates an Attention Gate (AG) and an Atrous Multi-scale Field Module (AMFM), designed to enhance the segmentation accuracy by improving the differentiation between the stent struts and the surrounding tissue. A unique wavelet fusion module mitigates the semantic gaps between different feature map branches, facilitating more effective feature integration.

Results

Extensive experiments demonstrate that our model surpasses existing techniques in key metrics such as Dice coefficient, accuracy, sensitivity, and Intersection over Union (IoU), achieving scores of 85.10%, 99.77%, 86.93%, and 73.81%, respectively. The integration of AG, AMFM, and the fusion module played a crucial role in achieving these outcomes, indicating a significant enhancement in capturing detailed contextual information.

Conclusion

The introduction of the Wavelet-based U-shape network marks a substantial improvement in the segmentation of BVSs in IVOCT images, suggesting potential benefits for clinical practices in coronary artery disease treatment. This approach may also be applicable to other intricate medical imaging segmentation tasks, indicating a broad scope for future research.
Combination of transcriptomic, biochemical, and physiological analyses reveals sugar metabolism in Camellia drupifera fruit at different developmental stages
Authors: Liu Zhen , Shen Chunhui , Chen Ruifan , Fu Zhiqiang , Deng Xiaomei , Xi Ruchun
Published: August 2024

Camellia drupifera, a significant woody oil crop in southern China, produces oil from its fruit seeds. Understanding sugar metabolism enzyme regulation is crucial for sugar accumulation and oil synthesis in fruit organs. This study examines the dynamic changes in sugar metabolism across four developmental stages of C. drupifera fruits, from rapid fruit enlargement to oil conversion. We analyzed sugar content, enzyme activity, and transcriptomic data to identify key periods and mechanisms involved in sugar metabolism. Our findings indicate that photosynthetic products are rapidly transported from leaves to fruit organs after synthesis, with transport efficiency decreasing significantly after 48 hours. September was identified as a critical period for oil conversion, during which the highest sucrose levels and SuSy-II enzyme activity were detected in the kernels. A positive correlation was found between high expression of ten genes related to sugar metabolism enzymes and sugar transport proteins and sucrose content. Notably, the expression levels of c158337.graph_c0 (SPS), c166323.graph_c0 (SuSy), c159295.graph_c0 (SUC2-like), and c156402.graph_c0 (SUC2-like) significantly increased during the oil conversion phase.These findings provide a crucial theoretical foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of sugar metabolism in C. drupifera fruits, offering insights that could enhance its economic yield.
Behind anti-corruption, the transformations of society—investigation into the politicization of “illegal personal enrichment” in Romania
Authors: Oprea Alexandra
Published: August 2024

This article adopts a Durkheimian perspective and employs a socio-pragmatic method of inquiry, with a specific focus on analyzing “scandals” as critical junctures and the interpretations provided by social actors. The aim is to explore the development of corruption as a social issue in Romania over the past four decades. In contrast to two prevailing explanatory approaches in Romania, labeled here as fatalistic and voluntarist, we propose a more reflective approach. This perspective illustrates how the increasing division of labor and the subsequent rise in individualization within social relations have progressively influenced the tendencies and sensitivities of various social groups in Romanian society, particularly regarding what this study refers to as “illegal personal enrichment” (IPE). By focusing on discourse analysis of debates on corruption, this study analyses the evolution of the politicization of corruption—a subject still largely unexplored but highly prevalent in the public sphere—in conjunction with the structural changes in Romanian society. Consequently, three stages can be identified: IPE as a discursive tool for denouncing political adversaries, IEP as a generator of political conflicts, and IEP as a public issue.
The association between diverse psychological protocols and the efficacy of psilocybin-assisted therapy for clinical depressive symptoms: a Bayesian meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Mu-Hong , Cheng Shu-Li , Kao Yu-Chen , Tseng Ping-Tao , Hsu Chih-Wei , Yu Chia-Ling , Yang Fu-Chi , Thompson Trevor , Hsu Tien-Wei , Liang Chih-Sung
Published: August 2024

Objective

Psilocybin-assisted therapy has shown promising efficacy on clinical depressive symptoms. However, diverse psychological support or psychotherapy was performed with psilocybin treatment. This study aimed to explore the association of psychological protocols with the efficacy of psilocybin-assisted therapy for depressive symptoms.

Method

Five major databases were systemic searched for clinical trials addressing psilocybin-assisted therapy for patients with clinical depressive symptoms. A Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed. The effect size was mean difference (with 95% credible interval) measured by 17-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

Results

There were 10 eligible studies including 515 adult patients with clinically diagnosed depression. The psychological protocols could be categorized into four types: (i) manualized directive psychotherapy(k=1); (ii) manualized nondirective psychological support(k=3), (iii) non-manualized nondirective psychological support(k=5); and (iv) non-manualized supportive psychotherapy(k=1). The pooled standard mean difference of psilocybin-assisted therapy was 10.08 (5.03-14.70).

Conclusion

Compared with manualized nondirective psychological support, the other three psychological approaches did not differ significantly. The improvement of depressive symptoms was not associated with the psychological protocols in adult patients receiving psilocybin-assisted therapy.

Systemic review registration

Open Science Framework: identifier (osf.io/3YUDV).
“Why would we?” A qualitative study on COVID-19 vaccination decision making among Ukrainian economic female migrants in Poland
Authors: Ganczak Maria , Kalinowski Pawel , Twardowski Piotr , Osicka Dominika A. , Pasek Oskar , Duda-Duma Łukasz , Vervoort Johanna P. M. , Edelstein Michael , Kowalska Marta
Published: August 2024

Background

Ukraine has one of the lowest COVID-19 vaccination rates in Europe. This may pose a significant epidemiological risk in the context of the refugee crisis and the fact that, since 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading and changing globally.

Objective

To evaluate determinants of vaccination decision making among Ukrainian female migrants (UFMs).

Methods

A qualitative study with 45 UFMs was conducted between December 2021 and January 2022. UFMs, from 2 Polish provinces, differing in age, education and length of stay were invited with the use of the snowball technique. Using a semi-structured topic guide, eight focus groups were conducted in person, recorded and transcribed. Thematic, qualitative analysis was made; key themes which emerged from the data (with the help of the Working Group Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy Matrix), were related to contextual, individual/group and contextual vaccine/vaccination-specific influences.

Results

Mothers were found to be playing a crucial role in children and adolescent COVID-19 vaccine decision-making process. Universal trust in the Polish healthcare system and vaccination procedures, employer requirements and willingness to preserve jobs, desire to get back to normal and social influences were paramount prerequisites to let UFMs make a decision to get vaccinated. However, COVID-19 vaccines also faced backlash among UFMs. Negative experiences with vaccines provided in Ukraine, doubts about the rapid vaccine development, combined with lack of confidence in vaccine safety, specifically regarding child vaccination, might have a bearing on UFMs’ decision about declining COVID-19 vaccine while on migration. Discrimination through HCWs during vaccination visits was also reported. Corrupted Ukrainian healthcare system, which facilitates proof forgery regarding vaccination certificates, could act as a negative influencer of UFMs’ vaccine decision-making.

Conclusion

The results provide the novel information, expressed in economic UFMs’ own words. Findings show that influencers of the decision-making process regarding the COVID-19 vaccination are complex and polarized; elements of hesitancy may persist after migration. Any continuation of UFMs’ vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine should be subject to designing accessible information to address modifiable demotivators of the vaccine decision-making process identified in this study.
The willingness to use internet-based home care services and its influencing factors among rural older people in Henan Province, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yan Yuwen , Zhang Yan , Zhang Huizhong , Li Xizheng , Meng Lixue , Tian Yutong
Published: August 2024

Background

To meet the growing health needs of older people, the Chinese government has introduced internet-based home care services. However, most rural older people have not yet benefited from such services, and the willingness to use these services and the factors influencing them remain unclear.

Objective

We aim to investigate the current willingness of rural older people to use internet-based home care services and analyze the factors.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study across multiple centers using general information and self-developed questionnaires. Qualitative interviews, a literature review and the Delphi method were employed to develop the questionnaire. A total score of the questionnaire above 78 or higher indicates a high willingness to use internet-based home care services. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were used to explore the factors that influence the willingness of rural older people to use internet-based home care services.

Results

We surveyed 349 rural older people. The total score of rural older people’s willingness to use internet-based home care services was 84.49 ± 10.88, indicating high willingness, with the highest score for the dimension of perceived usefulness and lower scores for the dimension of perceived ease of use. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender, education level, residence status, number of chronic diseases, and knowledge of internet-based home care services were the most important factors for rural older people (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The willingness of rural older people to use internet-based home care services is high. Thus, it is recommended that county hospitals increase public awareness of such services, optimize the design of their interfaces, and support family and social resources from relevant departments that can maximize access, so as to provide a reference for later relevant departments to enhance willingness.
The relationship between off-ice testing and on-ice performance in male youth Ice hockey players
Authors: Rice Mark S. , Warburton Darren E. R. , Gaytan-Gonzalez Alejandro , Jamnik Veronica K. , Kaufman Kai , Warburton Declan R. D. , Souster Michael , Bredin Shannon S. D.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Ice hockey demands a unique blend of physical fitness and skill, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing on-ice performance. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between off-ice and on-ice performance measures in male, youth, ice hockey players.

Methods

Eleven minor hockey players (Age = 9.8 ± 1.1 years) participated in two testing days: (1) off-ice and (2) on-ice assessments. Off-ice assessments included maximal aerobic power, anaerobic fitness, muscular strength (handgrip and single leg squat), muscular endurance (curl-ups and push-ups), muscular power (standing long jump and vertical jump), and 30 m sprinting speed and acceleration. On-ice testing included a 15.2 m maximum speed test, a 6.1 m acceleration test with a continuation into a 47.9 m top speed test, an agility cornering S turn test, and a shot velocity test.

Results

Twenty-four out of 33 off-ice variables were significantly correlated with at least one of the 11 on-ice performance variables. From those 24, 10 were included as predictors for at least one of the on-ice performance variables. Each model was composed of either one or two predictors, where the most common predictors were 30 m Run – Split (6.1 m) Sprint time and 30 m Run – Total (30 m) Sprint Max speed (included in four out of 11 models each). The prediction formulas R2 and coefficient of variation ranged from 0.63% to 0.96% and 1.2% to 15.3%, respectively.

Discussion

Diverse off-ice measures of aerobic fitness, anaerobic power, muscular strength, power, and endurance, and sprinting speed, acceleration, and agility are predictive of on-ice performance. The insights gained from this study contribute to the refinement of assessment protocols, fostering a comprehensive approach to optimizing player performance and potential. Understanding the connection between objective off-ice testing and on-ice performance can support tailored training programs and player development in male youth ice hockey.
Individual factors determine landing impacts in rested and fatigued cheerleaders
Authors: Müller Andreas , Rockenfeller Robert , Aiyangar Ameet K.
Published: August 2024

High vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) during landings following acrobatic elements in artistic gymnastics is associated with trunk and lower extremity injury risk. As similar data regarding injury risk factors in cheerleading are scarce, the purpose of this study was to assess VGRF in pop-off dismounts of rested and fatigued flyers in cheerleaders. Fifteen German cheerleaders were recruited for this study, including seven female flyers and eight male bases. It was expected that performance would change in fatiguing athletes, potentially increasing the risk for injuries. However, neither the mean VGRF (rested: 6.0±1.9 BW, fatigued: 6.2±1.3 BW, overall range: 2.1–14.9 BW) nor the individual VGRF-time courses of the flyers changed significantly after the workout. Instead, we show that the flyers’ ability to land – but not the bases’ ability to catch – significantly influences the maximum and time-resolved impacts.
Study on the F-U-BVF analytical model for sustainable food design: a case study of tofu
Authors: Liang Yuehui , Han Yan
Published: August 2024

The food lifestyle has evolved from the regional differences that were previously shaped by different geographic locations to the pluralistic complexity of food styles that are now influenced by different user consciousnesses. The field of food design has assumed a greater social responsibility, while also facing the challenge of sustainable development. Consequently, it is of paramount importance to devise or refine the methodology of food design innovation. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of sustainable food design by combining design methodology with sociological concepts such as “Field and Habitus” to construct the “F-U-BVF” food lifestyle analysis framework. This study examines the applicability of the F-U-BVF analytical framework, exemplified by tofu, through the refinement and translation of user needs, among other methods. The objective is to guide users toward sustainable lifestyles based on a design methodology, thereby creating multiple values conducive to food sustainability. At the same time, the deconstruction of the structural relationship, process, and methodology of sustainable food design based on the F-U-BVF analytical framework is intended to break through the barriers of traditional design science. This is to provide a new systematic research paradigm for sustainable food design, as well as to provide a new perspective on the experience and interactive relationship between people and food. Finally, it is also to provide effective food design innovation solutions for relevant multi-stakeholders. This is of great significance for the development of sustainable food design.
Listeria monocytogenes: possible mechanism of infection of goat uterus and its effects on uterine autophagy and cell apoptosis
Authors: Hong Hailong , Hu Yunhai , Shi Siyuan , Liu Ben , Zheng Wenya , Bo Ruonan , Xu Zhongjie , Wu Yifan , Cao Yu
Published: August 2024

Listeriosis is highly prevalent in the animal farming industry, with Listeria monocytogenes as the causative pathogen. To identify potential therapeutic targets for LM infection, we investigated the mechanisms of LM infection in goat uteri. We inoculated a group of goats with LM via jugular vein injection, isolated and raised them, and subsequently collected sterile samples of their uterine tissue after they exhibited clinical symptoms of LM infection. We used Giemsa staining, immunohistochemical staining, real-time qPCR, and Western blotting as experimental methods.First, we investigated the mechanism of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection in the goat uterus by examining the expression levels of listeriolysin O, E-cadherin, and tyrosine kinase c-Met in the uterus.Furthermore, we investigated the impact of LM infection on uterine autophagy and cell apoptosis. The results indicate that the injection of LM into the goats’ jugular veins leads to LM infection in the goats’ uteri. During LM survival inside the goat uterine cells, there is a significant increase in the expression levels of LLO, E-cadherin, and c-Met in the host uterine tissue. This suggests that LM may potentially infect goat uteri through the InlA/E-cadherin and InlB/c-Met pathways. Furthermore, LM infection increases the levels of apoptosis and autophagy in goat uteri. Apoptosis genes Bcl-2 and Bax, as well as autophagy-related genes LC3B, PINK1, and Parkin, exhibit varying degrees of changes in localization and expression in goat uteri, mediating the occurrence of apoptotic and autophagic responses.
Enhanced Computational Biased Proportional Navigation with Neural Networks for Impact Time Control
Authors: Zhang Xue , Hong Haichao
Published: August 2024

Advanced computational methods are being applied to address traditional guidance problems, yet research is still ongoing regarding how to utilize them effectively and scientifically. A numerical root-finding method was proposed to determine the bias in biased proportional navigation to achieve the impact time control without time-to-go estimation. However, the root-finding algorithm in the original method might experience efficiency and convergence issues. This paper introduces an enhanced method based on neural networks, where the bias is directly output by the neural networks, significantly improving computational efficiency and addressing convergence issues. The novelty of this method lies in the development of a reasonable structure that appropriately integrates off-the-shelf machine learning techniques to effectively enhance the original iteration-based methods. In addition to demonstrating its effectiveness and performance of its own, two comparative scenarios are presented: (a) Evaluate the time consumption when both the proposed and the original methods operate at the same update frequency. (b) Compare the achievable update frequencies of both methods under the condition of equal real-world time usage.
Harnessing Generative Artificial Intelligence for Digital Literacy Innovation: A Comparative Study between Early Childhood Education and Computer Science Undergraduates
Authors: Kazanidis Ioannis , Pellas Nikolaos
Published: August 2024

The recent surge of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education presents a fascinating landscape of opportunities and challenges. AI has the potential to personalize education and create more engaging learning experiences. However, the effectiveness of AI interventions relies on well-considered implementation strategies. The impact of AI platforms in education is largely determined by the particular learning environment and the distinct needs of each student. Consequently, investigating the attitudes of future educators towards this technology is becoming a critical area of research. This study explores the impact of generative AI platforms on students’ learning performance, experience, and satisfaction within higher education. It specifically focuses on students’ experiences with varying levels of technological proficiency. A comparative study was conducted with two groups from different academic contexts undergoing the same experimental condition to design, develop, and implement instructional design projects using various AI platforms to produce multimedia content tailored to their respective subjects. Undergraduates from two disciplines—Early Childhood Education (n = 32) and Computer Science (n = 34)—participated in this study, which examined the integration of generative AI platforms into educational content implementation. Results indicate that both groups demonstrated similar learning performance in designing, developing, and implementing instructional design projects. Regarding user experience, the general outcomes were similar across both groups; however, Early Childhood Education students rated the usefulness of AI multimedia platforms significantly higher. Conversely, Computer Science students reported a slightly higher comfort level with these tools. In terms of overall satisfaction, Early Childhood Education students expressed greater satisfaction with AI software than their counterparts, acknowledging its importance for their future careers. This study contributes to the understanding of how AI platforms affect students from diverse backgrounds, bridging a gap in the knowledge of user experience and learning outcomes. Furthermore, by exploring best practices for integrating AI into educational contexts, it provides valuable insights for educators and scholars seeking to optimize the potential of AI to enhance educational outcomes.
Changing the Tolerance of the Intolerant: Does Large Carnivore Policy Matter?
Authors: Olson Erik R. , Goethlich Jamie
Published: August 2024

Success in large carnivore conservation often hinges on local residents’ tolerance towards those species. Feelings of powerlessness and frustration with wildlife policies can lead to intolerance of the species. In extreme cases, intolerance may manifest in poaching. Thus, changes in policy may influence the tolerance of wildlife. To examine the connections between policy and tolerance, we examined how policy scenarios influenced anticipated changes in tolerance to wolves Canis lupus. We administered a survey in 2015–2016 in the core wolf range within northern Wisconsin, USA. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we clustered respondents into groups based on their current tolerance of wolves. We evaluated the behavioral intentions of the clusters and examined the influence of policy scenarios on respondents’ anticipated changes in tolerance. Finally, using an information-theoretic model selection framework, we assessed the effects of tolerance clusters and demographic factors. The respondents were clustered into three clusters relative to their current tolerance towards wolves: positive, ambivalent, and negative. Each cluster exhibited significantly different behavioral intentions and anticipated changes in tolerance for all scenarios. In all scenarios, respondents who already held positive attitudes towards wolves were significantly less likely to report expected changes in tolerance toward wolves following changes in wolf management. However, respondents who held ambivalent or negative attitudes towards wolves were significantly more likely to report expected changes in tolerance towards wolves following changes in wolf management. Regarding a regulated wolf hunting and trapping season, we observed a Simpson’s Paradox, wherein, when examined in aggregate, no clear pattern emerged, but when examined at the cluster level, important and intuitive patterns emerged. Our demographic model results suggest that policy changes resulting in greater state management authority over wolves, especially authority to implement certain forms of legal killing of wolves, could result in significant increases in tolerance for individuals who identify as hunters, have lost livestock to a predator, or are currently ambivalent or negative towards wolves. Our work elucidates the nuanced relationship between tolerance of wildlife and wildlife policy and identifies a potential ecological fallacy.
Quantitative Assessment and Regulation of Passage and Entrance Attraction Efficiency of Vertical-Slot Fishway on Heishuihe River in Southwest China
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Li Dongqing , Hu Xiaozhang , Jiao Yilin , Wang Jianping , Wu Yujiao , Lin Chenyu , Ke Senfan , Bai Tianxiang , Wang Nannan , Liu Bingjun , Shi Xiaotao
Published: August 2024

Fish passage facilities are essential for restoring river connectivity and protecting ecosystems, effectively balancing economic and ecological benefits. Systematic and comprehensive monitoring, assessment, and optimized management are therefore crucial. This study quantitatively evaluated the entire upstream migration process of fish from the downstream river to the entrance and exit of the fishway and investigated the upstream movement patterns of fish under various environmental factors. A total of 19 fish species were monitored in the Heishuihe River downstream of the dam, with 15 species reaching the fishway entrance and 12 species successfully passing through it. The entrance attraction and passage rates of the vertical-slot fishway at the Songxin hydropower station were 15.7% and 40.42%, respectively. The best upstream performance was observed in May, with fish demonstrating better upstream timing and speed during nighttime compared to daytime. Specifically, the highest entrance attraction efficiency was recorded at a flow rate of 6–7 m3/s and a temperature of 19–20 °C, while the optimal passage efficiency was observed at a flow rate of 0–0.5 m3/s and a temperature of 17–20 °C. Additionally, a multifactorial Cox proportional hazards regression model was constructed to identify key factors influencing the probability of fishway entrance attraction and successful passage. The model elucidated the impact patterns of these key factors on fish upstream migration, ultimately generating an alignment diagram for prediction and control. This study provides a theoretical foundation and data support for developing optimized operational schedules for fishways. The findings offer a more comprehensive and systematic approach for monitoring and evaluating fish passage facilities, serving as a scientific basis for ecological restoration and fish conservation in this region and similar areas.
Molecular Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Cats in Europe and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Geisen Vera , Pantchev Nikola , Zablotski Yury , Kim Olga , Globokar Vrhovec Majda , Hartmann Katrin , Bergmann Michéle
Published: August 2024

Infections with Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum in cats seem to be rare. The study aimed to determine whether infections in cats are underestimated and to identify the risk factors for infection. Blood samples of 1015 cats across Europe (2017–2022), sent to IDEXX Laboratories, Germany, were tested for A. phagocytophilum DNA. The influence of the cats’ origin on A. phagocytophilum infection was assessed by univariable analysis, while multivariable logistic regression evaluated associations with the cats’ sex and age, and the years, and seasonality of the samples’ submission. Furthermore, univariable linear regression was used to determine patterns in PCR orders. The number of submitted samples increased significantly during the 6 years (p = 0.042). Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected in 76/1015 of cats (7.5%, 95% CI 6.0–9.3%). Infections were significantly more common in Northern compared to Central (p < 0.001, OR: 8.70) and Southern Europe (p < 0.001, OR: 39.94). A significantly higher likelihood for infections during the summer compared with winter (p = 0.047, OR: 3.13) was found. Bacteremia with A. phagocytophilum in European cats is not uncommon. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection should be considered an important risk, particularly in Northern Europe. Effective tick prevention is crucial for managing feline health across Europe, not just in the Mediterranean region.
Virtual Reality Training Affects Center of Pressure (COP)-Based Balance Parameters in Older Individuals
Authors: Arnold Nicole , Wilson Oshin , Thompson Lara
Published: August 2024

Postural imbalance is a leading cause of injury in older adults. Our study investigated the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-based interventions on balance ability in this population. Here, we examined 21 older, healthy adults (75.8 ± 5.2 years old). Participants performed 6 weeks of balance training, twice per week for 30 min; the experimental group donned an Oculus VR headset during the training while control participants did not. To assess balance ability, a force platform measured displacement of the center of pressure (COP) during quiet standing in double-leg, tandem, and single-leg stances with eyes closed pre- and post-assessment. COP measurements included mediolateral (ML) and anterior–posterior (AP) directions for root mean square (RMS), peak-to-peak displacement (MAXD), total excursion (TE), and 95% confidence area ellipse (AE) parameters. Post-training assessments showed improvements (significant decreases) in the COP parameters. Control group COP parameters improved in various stances ranging from a 3% to 40% decrease on average. The VR group improved MAXD, TE, and 95% AE ranging from a 5% to 47% decrease, on average, across various stances post- compared to pre-training. VR-based exercise training programs may encourage older adults to engage in mobility exercises, leading to a reduced risk of falls or injuries.
Examining the Impact of Climate Change Risks on Pregnancy through a Climate Justice Lens: A Review
Authors: Keenan Olivia J. , Papatheodorou Stefania , Ghosh Arnab K.
Published: August 2024

Climate change impacts such as climate-amplified weather events are increasing in intensity, frequency, and severity. Despite climate change affecting areas all around the world, the adverse impacts of climate change are unequally distributed, causing specific populations to be more susceptible to the impacts of climate change. Addressing climate inequalities in health research requires a climate justice approach, which prioritizes recognitional, distributional, and procedural justice in research and intervention design. Pregnant individuals are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts since pregnancy represents a time of both psychological and physiological change that can be extremely sensitive to the environment. Nevertheless, there are few studies examining the association between pregnancy health and climate justice. This review evaluates the status of climate change impacts and pregnancy health outcomes through recognitional, distributive, and procedural justice definitions. We identify four themes already present in the literature: 1. Vulnerable Populations Within an Already Vulnerable Population, 2. Need for More Ecological-level Studies, 3. Addressing the Structural Factors that Drive Climate Injustice, and 4. Community-Centered Solutions Moving Forward. Our findings emphasize the importance of transdisciplinary, participatory, and multisectoral collaboration to improve climate-related pregnancy health interventions.
Evaluation of Near-Taiwan Strait Sea Surface Wind Forecast Based on PanGu Weather Prediction Model
Authors: Yi Jun , Li Xiang , Zhang Yunfei , Yao Jiawei , Qu Hongyu , Yi Kan
Published: August 2024

Utilizing observed wind speed and direction data from observation stations near the Taiwan Strait and ocean buoys, along with forecast data from the EC model, GRAPES_GFS model, and PanGu weather prediction model within the same period, RMSE, MAE, CC, and other parameters were calculated. To comparatively evaluate the forecasting performance of the PanGu weather prediction model on the sea surface wind field near the Taiwan Strait from 00:00 on 1 June 2023, to 23:00 on 31 May 2024. The PanGu weather prediction model is further divided into the ERA5 (PanGu) model driven by ERA5 initial fields and the GRAPES_GFS (PanGu) model driven by GRAPES_GFS initial fields. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) over a one-year evaluation period, for wind speed forecasts with lead times of 0 h to 120 h in the Taiwan Strait region, the overall forecasting skill of the PanGu weather prediction model is superior to that of the model forecasts; (2) different initial fields input into the PanGu weather prediction model lead to different final forecast results, with better initial field data corresponding to forecast results closer to observations, thus indicating the operational transferability of the PanGu model in smaller regions; (3) regarding forecasts of wind speed categories, the credibility of the results is high when the wind speed level is ≤7, and the PanGu weather prediction model performs better among similar forecasts; (4) although the EC model’s wind direction forecasts are closer to the observation field results, the PanGu weather forecasting model also provides relatively accurate and rapid forecasts of the main wind directions within a shorter time frame.