bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SIZE‐LIMITATION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCT IN SWINE PRODUCED BY A CORONARY BALLOON‐CATHETERIZATION I. Preliminary Report; Morphometry of Infarct Size
Authors: Yoshimizu Takumi , Kai Yuji , Ura Keiichi , Yamada Tsutomu , Takeoka Kazuhito , Sakurai Isamu
Published: December 2008

Experimental myocardial infarction was produced in 15 subject swine using a balloon catheter to occlude the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). After 30 minutes obstruction, the LAD was reperfused, and then the animals were sacrificed at 3 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after the onset of coronary occlusion, respectively. During and after the experiment they were investigated physiologically and pathomorphologically to measure the size of myocardial infarct, and the obtained results are as follows; 1) Experimentally produced myocardial infarcts could be detected histopathologically by routine gross and light‐microscopical means in the group which had suffered from ischemia for over 24 hours till sacrifice. 2) Ischemic areas could not be distinguished from normal areas of the myocardium by routine techniques, but could be identified enzyme‐histochemically in the groups observed for less than 6 hours. 3) The mean weight ratio of infarcted myocardium to total ventricular myocardium was 25±3.6%. 4) This method was useful for measuring infarct size.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON FERRIC NITRILOTRIACETATE‐INDUCED “F, AMYLOIDOSIS”
Authors: Ogura Motohiro , Toki Junko , Maeda Ryuei
Published: December 2008

Of a total of 80 offspring obtained by reciprocal crossing of ICR/JCL strain of mice of both sexes receiving 84–140 injections of Fe‐NTA over 98–163 days before crossing, 52 (65%) showed severe generalized amyloidosis after 93–502 injections of Fe‐NTA over 115–522 days, but not “hemochromatosis”, which was a striking contrast to the findings of “hemochromatosis” without amyloidosis observed in the parent mice. Electron microscopic examinations revealed numerous bundles of non‐branching, well‐oriented amyloid fibrils radiated outward from the surface of cytoplasmic invaginations of the Kupffer cells or splenic reticuloendothelial cells of the F, mice with amyloidosis, and close contact frequently observed between “amyloid‐forming cells” and adjacent lymphocytes in the amyloid‐laden liver and spleen of the F, mice. Since the above findings in the F, mice were not found in the parent mice treated with multiple Fe‐NTA injections, the present authors assumed that the immunological memory for the Fe‐NTA conjugate transmitted via the placenta to the fetus from the mother that received multiple Fe‐NTA injections might be involved in the development of generalized amyloidosis in the F, mice, although the possible mechanism by which Fe‐NTA‐induced “F, amyloidosis” has been developed remains yet undetermined.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Authors: Hirano Toshikazu
Published: December 2008

Fifty‐two malignant melanoma cases were divided morphologically into round, spindle and mixed‐cell types and were studied immunohistochemically on the localization and stainig intensity of S‐100 protein and neuron specific enolase (NSE). Most of malignant melanomas were positively stained for S‐100 protein and NSE. There were no correlation between the localization of S‐100 protein and three cell types. However S‐100 protein and degree of melanin production seemed to have an inverse relationship. On the other hand, for NSE, there were some differences on immunostaining intensity among the three cell types. Especially, deeply invasive melanomas showed strong reactivities for NSE and it may clinicopathologically indicate their poorer prognosis.
SUPPRESSION OF IN VIVO GRANULOPOIESIS BY ANTI‐ASIALO GM1 SERUM
Authors: Sadahira Yoshito , Mori Masaharu , Awai Michiyasu
Published: December 2008

In vivo effects of anti‐asialo GM1 (GA1) serum on hemopoiesis were studied by morphological examination of the blood, bone marrow, and spleen and by measuring the number of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐forming units (CFU‐GM) per femur after injecting of the anti‐serum into mice intraperitoneally. The number of circulating lymphocytes markedly decreased 2 days after injection and then recovered, but circulating granulocytes gradually declined and reached a nadir at 6 days, then rapidly recovered. Granulopoietic activity in the bone marrow was reduced on day 2, but recovered profusely from day 4, followed by marrow neutrophilia on day 10. The spleen showed marked extramedullar granulopoiesis on days 6 and 10. CFU‐GM per femur increased by 24 hours, reaching a maximum value 250% of normal on day 3, then returned to the normal level. CFU‐GM growth was not affected by the treatment of anti‐GA1 serum plus complement in vitro. These results suggest that the proliferating compartment of the myeloid series in the bone marrow was eliminated by anti‐GA1 serum injection that led to a decrease in granulocytes and an increase in CFU‐GM.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THE WAVE LINE OF AORTA
Authors: Tanimura Akira , Cho Takanori , Saito Yasuyuki , Nakashima Teruyuki
Published: December 2008

The wave line is a structure that is frequently observed in aorta. Grossly this structure (wave line), measuring 0.3 0.5 cm in width and 5–10 cm in length, runs longitudinally or spirally along the long axis of the aorta. The distribution and the relation with arteriosclerotic plaque of wave line were studied. The wave line had three predilection sites: A) the wave line running down from closure of Botallo duct to ostium of 6–8th intercostal artery, B) the wave line between ostium of both renal arteries, C) the wave line running down from lumbar artery to iliac arteries. The wave line observed in the aortae of neonates gradually increased with age. Its frequency is about 80–100% in the second and the third decades. The association of arteriosclerosis with the wave line was frequently observed, especially on “C” region. Fifty‐five percent of arteriosclerotic plaques in the fourth decade corresponded with the wave line.
COMPARISON OF SEVEN CELL LINES DERIVED FROM HUMAN GASTRIC CARCINOMAS
Authors: Motoyama Teiichi , Hojo Haruto , Watanabe Hidenobu
Published: December 2008

In an attempt to elucidate various histological features of gastric cancers, seven human gastric adenocarcinomas were studied in vitro and in nude mice. Growth pattern of each cultured cell line in vitro corresponded well to the histological type of parent tumor. The cell lines, MKN7, MKN74, and MKN28 derived from differentiated carcinomas showed morphological characteristics of intestinal differentiation in cell polarity and microvilli with core‐filaments in vitro as well as in nude mice. However, they gradually diminished the characteristics in course of time. The cell lines, MKN 45 and OKAJIMA, derived from undifferentiated carcinomas, had natures of not only ordinary gastric mucosa but also intestinal metaplastic mucosa. They seem to have multipotentiality for differentiation, and preserved well the natures for long periods of culture. The KWS‐I cell line composed of undifferentiated cells in vitro displayed the potential for differentiation in nude mice. However, the differentiation of KATO‐III cells derived from a signet‐ring cell carcinoma was suppressed in nude mice. The common abnormality of chromosome was not found, and the growth rate in vitro was not dependent on the histological type of parent tumor.
MALLORY BODY‐LIKE STRUCTURES IN THE LUNG
Authors: Shimizu Shinichi , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Watanabe Hisashi , Ohnishi Yoshihisa
Published: December 2008

Mallory body‐like structures (MBLs), which resemble Mallory body (MB) in the liver, were observed in lungs of 4 cases showing interstitial pneumonitis. MBLs were found in the cytoplasm of especially swollen alveolar epithelial cells. MBLs and MBs had almost similar characteristics morphologically and tinctorially under the light microscopy. MBLs were composed of intermediate type fine fibrils which were positive for anti‐keratin antibody. These findings suggested that MBLs were a kind of pathological keratinization of alveolar epithelial cells. Although the origin of MBL containing cells could not be clarified, they were closely related to type 2 alveolar epithelial cells.
BEHAVIOUR OF BASEMENT MEMBRANE ANTIGENS IN GASTRIC AND COLORECTAL CANCER: Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Grigioni W.F. , Biagini G. , Errico A.D. , Milani M. , Villanacci V. , Garbisa S. , Mattioli S. , Gozzetti G. , Mancini A.M.
Published: December 2008

Eighty gastric and colorectal lesions including cases of dysplasia and carcinoma were studied by immunohistochemical techniques to investigate the behaviour of laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin. Their distribution was examined on frozen and formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples. In the same lesions, interruption, fragmentation and absence of basement membrane (BM) antigen‐staining were observed. Carcinomas with well differentiated glandular structures were always surrounded by a well defined BM as in normal, non‐pathological tissues. On the contrary, undifferentiated areas arranged in nests or sheets were usually negative for laminin and type IV collagen. Anomalous BM staining was strictly related to the degree of differentiation of tumor tissue, while no correlation existed between carcinoma staging and BM antigen presence, either in gastric or colorectal neoplasms. Immunostaining with antibody against type IV collagenase showed a massive positivity in the early gastric carcinomas examined, while in colorectal cancer only granulocytes showed it.
EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY ON ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN CORONARY ARTERIES OF SWINE
Authors: Ito Masahiro , Toda Takayoshi , Kummerow Fred A. , Nishimori Issei
Published: December 2008

The effects of magnesium (Mg) deficiency on the coronary arteries of 27 Yorkshire swine were studied by light and electron microscopy. The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups which received the following supplements: Group I, basal ration with adequate Mg (540 mg/kg diet), Group II, basal ration with insufficient Mg (270 mg/kg diet) Group III, 10% milk powder with adequate Mg (540 mg/kg diet), Group IV, 10% milk powder with insufficient Mg (270 mg/kg diet). Serum analysis indicated that dietary low Mg supplementation decreased cholesterol levels and increased phospholipid concentrations significantly. The highest magnitude and incidence of intimal thickening were observed in the coronary arteries of Group IV (p < 0.003). No significant intimal thickening was detected in any of the other groups. Ultra‐structural studies revealed a greater frequency of degenerated cells in Group III and IV (p<0.01). Numerous calcifications were observed in only Group IV. These data suggest that moderate Mg deficiency can promote atherosclerosis in combination with some atherogenic diet, and that the presence of smooth muscle cell degeneration is important in order for a magnesium deficiency to exert an effect on the coronary artery of swine.
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA): Report of Five Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Akikusa Bunshiro , Irabu Noritsugu , Kamei Katsunori , Tsuchida Hiroki , Kondo Yoichiro
Published: December 2008

We reported five cases of glomerulonephritis developed in the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which had no apparent relation with therapeutic agents. Systemic angiitis was observed in patient 1 and overlapping of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with RA was implied in patient 2, while the other three patients did not show these changes. Renal biopsies were performed in all of the cases and glomerular deposition of immune complexes was suggested by both the immunofluorescent and electron microscopic findings, though the amount was variable. Furthermore, cases of glomerulonephritis in patients with RA were reviewed in the literature and classified into three groups: (1) occurring in association with angiitis, (2) overlapping with SLE or other collagen diseases, and (3) developing without the above two factors. Group 3 was further divided into two subgroups according to immunologic abnormalities. All cases included in the three groups can be regarded as glomerulonephritis of RA. The cases of group 2, however, can more preferentially be considered to be caused by SLE or some other collagen disease that has overlapped with RA. Deposition of immune complexes was suggested in most of the cases examined with immunofluorescence. Various changes were seen in the glomerulonephritis of RA presented here (patients 1, 3, 4, and 5) and reviewed in the literature (groups 1 and 3). Immune complexes might be involved in the pathogenesis of glomerulitis.
ACTIN FILAMENT ALTERATIONS IN GLOMERULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS OF ADRIAMYCIN‐INDUCED NEPHROTIC RATS
Authors: Ito Kinji , Ger Yih‐Chang , Kawamura Sadao
Published: December 2008

The alterations of actin filaments in the glomerular epithelial cells of adriamycin‐induced nephrotic rats were studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using both of the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase and avidin‐biotin methods. After the administration of adriamycin, the glomerular epithelial cells showed cell swelling, deformation of cell shape, vacuole formations, retraction or fusion of foot processes, detachment of the plasma membrane from the glomerular besement membrane (GBM), and an increase of cellular organelles. In parallel with these alterations, abnormal distribution of intracytoplasmic microfilaments of 5–6 nm in diameter was observed, which formed clusters, particularly gathering densely along the plasma membrane of the fused foot processes that abutted the GBM. Immnohistochemically, actin was demonstrated on the site of the above described filaments. The above results suggest that actin filaments may closely relate to the morphological maintenance of the glomerular epithelial cells and to their function as well.
COMBINED HEPATOCELLULAR AND MUCINOUS CARCINOMA
Authors: Wada Katsunori , Kondo Fukuo , Kubosawa Hitoshi , Kondo Yoichiro
Published: December 2008

A rare autopsy case of combined liver cell and bile duct carcinoma (CLBC) occurring in a 51‐year‐old male with alcoholic liver cirrhosis is presented. Histologically, while the primary lesion was solely composed of well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic metastases consisted of a variable admixture of HCC and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) with excessive mucin production. Interestingly, the tumor cell cluster showing a trabecular growth pattern produced both bile and mucin, thus converting from HCC to mucinous CC. It is concluded that this liver malignancy is principally HCC with a marked tendency to transform into CC. The importance of the findings, especially the simultaneous production of bile and mucin within the same cell cluster, is emphasized in terms of the classification of CLBCs.
LYMPHOID FOLLICLES APPEARING IN GASTRIC MUCOSA, ESPECIALLY IN REACTIVE LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA AND MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA
Authors: Takaki Keizo
Published: December 2008

Histopathological analysis of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) and malignant lymphoma (ML) of the stomach was made based on the observations of lymphoid follicles appearing in gastric mucosa. The materials used for study consisted of 28 stomachs without RLH or tumor obtained from either operation or autopsy, 18 stomachs with RLH, and 46 stomachs with ML. Lymphoid follicles appeared soon after birth, increased with mucosal atrophy, and decreased in mucosa with intestinal metaplasia. They possessed a sinusoidal structure and appeared in the muscularis mucosae intimately related to the lymphatic flow. Excepting for the significant proliferative nature, the structural evolution of lymphoid follicles in RLH was similar to that in atrophic mucosa. They showed, however, a wide spectrum of changes containing cases with simple reactive changes to those with prelymphomatous changes. As to ML, the large cell type demonstrated a destructive proliferation, while both small and medium‐sized cell types showed proliferation and infiltration preserving their original structure. In the superficial type, ML was frequently accompanied by RLH and mucosal atrophy. The histological features of ML consisted of not only the characteristics of tumor cells but also the proper mucosal changes including lymphoid follicles.
ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMA WITH PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM IN CULTURE
Authors: Matsuo Kenji , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: December 2008

Four adrenocortical adenomata with primary aldosteronism (Conn's adenomata) were examined by light and electron microscopy employing cell culture methods. Unstimulated cells existed as a unit of the clusters, but Conn's ademona cells reacted to ACTH. The cultured cells produced mostly cortisol under ACTH‐stimulation as time passed. Lipid droplets in their cytoplasm decreased in number and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) was well‐developed with dilated, anastomosing tubule. Moreover, mitochondria sometimes had tubulovesicular cristae. It is assumed that Conn's adenoma cells are hybrid type cells, which are intrinsically capable of producing cortisol as well as aldosterone.
I‐CELL DISEASE
Authors: Kamiya Masuzo , Tada Toyohiro , Kuhara Hajime , Kishimoto Hidemasa , Wada Yoshiro , Hashizume Yoshio , Wakabayashi Takashi
Published: December 2008

I‐cell disease has been reported by many authors but the electron microscopic findings have been reported only rarely. The patient under study was a female infant with a normal delivery after 38 weeks’normal intrauterine life. She showed the physical findings characteristic of I‐cell‐disease, and the diagnosis was made by the analyses of lysosomal enzymes. The child died at the age of 2 years and 3 months due to respiratory insufficiency. By electron microscopy, various‐shaped membrane‐bound vacuoles were observed in the cytoplasm of various cells such as hepatocytes, myocardial muscle cells, epithelial cells of the renal glomeruli, proximal renal tubular cells, fibroblasts, and chondrocytes. By histochemical analyses we found that these intracytoplasmic storage vacuoles contained glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan.
PRIMARY ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS
Authors: Akamatsu Taiji , Honda Takayuki , Nakayama Jun , Nakamura Yoshiyuki , Katsuyama Tsutomu
Published: December 2008

A case of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus was reported. A 54‐year‐old male patient had a tumor in the middle third of the esophagus. Barium swallow and endoscopic examination showed a protruding tumor with a shallow ulceration in its vertex. Histological examination of the surgically removed material revealed that it was largely confined to the submucosal layer, with no metastasis to lymph nodes. The tumor cells presented three distinct patterns globular nest with irregular cystic spaces, trabecular nest, and true tubule. Electron microscopic study revealed no microvilli or triad along cystic spaces in the globular nests. Histochemical study disclosed that cystic spaces and interstitium were rich in glycosaminoglycans. The luminal surface of the true tubules of the tumor, on the other hand, was characteristically lined by sialomucins. The trabecular type‐nests differed from the globular nests in showing GSA‐II reactivity and containing abundant retinol‐binding protein. These results indicate that the three patterns represented different differentiations of the tumor cells. Twenty‐three cases of esophageal adenoid cystic carcinoma were found in the literature from 1950 to 1983 and discussed collectively.
PRIMARY GASTRIC LYMPHOMA WITH INTRANUCLEAR INCLUSIONS
Authors: Saito Koji , Kuribayashi Koichi , Nishihara Toru , Takano Yukari , Ieda Katsuyuki , Tonoda Shigehiko , Kawashima Hiroaki , Ishimoto Kisaku , Nakamine Hirokazu
Published: December 2008

Two patients with primary gastric lymphoma, diffuse lymphoma, a plasmacytoid variant of small cell type, with numerous intranuclear inclusions, are reported. In both cases, biopsy and surgical specimens showed diffuse proliferation of lymphoid cells having plasmacytoid features at different steps of maturation in lamina propria and submucosal layer. The cytoplasm of the lymphoma cells was stained with anti‐IgM, anti‐kappa chain, and anti‐J chain antibodies by avidin‐biotin peroxidase complex technique. A number of intranuclear inclusions in the lymphoma cells were diastase‐resistant PAS positive, and also stained with anti‐IgM, anti‐kappa chain, and anti‐J chain antibodies, suggesting a monoclonal situation. In an Ultrastructural study of the first case, the Inclusions were round and composed of amorphous materials surrounded by a single membrane. In many lymphoma cells, the perinuclear cisternal space was dilated and filled with materials similar to those within both inclusions and rough endoplasmlc reticulum. A direct communication between the perinuclear space and the inclusion was demonstrated in some cells, suggesting the perinuclear cisternal origin of these inclusions.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL FINDINGS OF RECTAL AND SKIN BIOPSIES IN ADULT GM1‐GANGLIOSIDOSIS
Authors: Ikeda Shu‐ichi , Ushiyama Masao , Nakano Takeshi , Kikkawa Takako , Kondo Kiyohiko , Yanagisawa Nobuo
Published: December 2008

We report the ultrastructural findings in rectal and skin biopsies in four cases with adult GM1‐gangliosidosis. The rectal specimens taken under endoscopic control contained submucosal plexuses, which were easily identified on light‐microscopic and electron‐microscopic examination. In all cases the ganglion cells in submucosal plexus contained characteristic osmiophilic lamellar Inclusions, some of which were typical membranous cytoplasmic bodies, but others showed pleomorphism in shape and diameter. Lipofuscin bodies were commonly observed in the ganglion cells, Schwann's cells, vascular endothelial cells, and perithelial cells in rectal biopsy, and membrane‐bound clear vacuoles were occasionally seen in the cytoplasm of rectal and cutaneous fibroblasts. However, the axons of unmyelinated nerves in both biopsies showed a normal appearance, and there was no significant change in the eccrine glands in skin biopsy. Comparing rectal and skin biopsies, the former was found to be more valuable for morphological diagnosis of this disease, and our ultrastructural examination of rectal biopsy revealed that enteric nerve cells were involved even in adult GM1‐gangliosidosis with a benign course and restricted cerebral lesions.
FLOW LOADED CANINE CAROTID ARTERY: I. A Morphometric Study of Microfilament Bundles in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Masuda Hirotake , Saito Naotoshi , Kawamuba Koichi , Sageshima Masato , Shozawa Takeshi , Kanazawa Akihiko
Published: December 2008

To estimate microfilament bundles in the endothelial cells of flow loaded arteries quantitatively, blood flow change was produced in the common carotid arteries of eleven female beagle dogs (1–2 years of age, 8–10 kg) employing the arteriovenous shunt method between the common carotid artery and external jugular vein. After 1 week, the amount of microfilament bundles was measured with a point counting method on transmission electron microscopical photographs. In the arteries loaded by highly elevated blood flow, the average thickness of microfilament bundles increased over 0.1 μm (non‐operative control: 0.01–0.02 μ) and the average longitudinal cut area of a microfilament bundle grew over 0.7 μm2 (non‐operative control: 0.2 μm2). The number of bundles increased over 1.0 piece (non‐operative control: 0.2 pieces) per unit length (μm) in transverse section and increased over 0.5 pieces (non‐operative control: 0.2 pieces) in longitudinal section. The average thickness of the bundles significantly correlated to the blood flow increase ratio (the ratio of the blood flow rate of the final measurement to that before anastomosis). We consider that the microfilament bundles are the structure developed to combat the wall shear stress induced by the elevated blood flow.
FOAMY CELL SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH REPEATED PLATELET TRANSFUSIONS
Authors: Ishihaea Tokuhiro , Matsumoto Noboru , Okuzono Yoshiko , Yamashita Yoshimi , Nagasawa Takaaki , Kawano Hiroo , Yokota Tadaaki , Uchino Fumiya
Published: December 2008

Variable numbers of foamy cells (macrophages with foamy cytoplasm) were noted in generalized organs from four patients who received repeated platelet transfusions. The underlying disease in three cases was aplastic anemia, and the remaining case was chronic myelocytic leukemia. In two patients (aplastic anemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was done. Opportunistic infection was noted in three out of four cases. The foamy cells were stained black with Sudan black B. Variable amounts of materials immunoreactive with antihuman platelet antibody were demonstrated in most of the foamy cells. Ultrastructurally, the foamy cells contained myelin‐like materials. The foamy cells described here resembled those demonstrable in the spleen from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. We suggest that the foamy appearance of the macrophage results from incomplete intracellular degradation of phagocytosed platelets.
DIISOPROPANOLNITROSAMINE (DIPN) INDUCED RAT THYROID LESIONS
Authors: Kawaoi Akira , Moriyama Shinichi
Published: December 2008

An ultrastructural study was carried out on DIPN induced lesions of rat thyroid glands, in order to characterize in detail each type or subtype as classified by light microscopy in our previous report. Organelles closely related to the endocrine function of the thyroid epithelium such as apical or subapical vesicles, lysosomal granules, colloid droplets, Golgi apparatus, rER, and microvilli on the apical surface, were found to decrease in parallel with structural and cellular atypism of the thyroid lesion under examination, suggesting impairment of their function in the malignant lesions. On the other hand, observations of transitional forms among the lesions in term of the subcellular structure were considered to support the possibility that transformation from one type to another could occur.
HODGKIN'S DISEASE ACCOMPANIED WITH THYMOMA
Authors: Nemoto Keiichi , Ishikawa. Hiroshi , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Nakamura Tadao , Ohsaki Naoki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of Hodgkin's disease accompanied with thymoma is reported. The patient died of acute interstitial pneumonitis 9 years after the development of lymphadenopathy. On post‐mortem examination thymoma was recognized. We believe that the present case is a very rare Hodgkin's disease complicating thymoma. The occurrence of second neoplasia in Hodgkin's disease is also discussed.
IMMATURE CEREBELLAR ASTROCYTOMA IN AN INFANT
Authors: Sageshima Masato , Masuda Hirotake , Kawamura Kochi , Shozawa Takeshi
Published: December 2008

A case of immature cerebellar astrocytoma in a 1 year and 4 months‐old girl was described. The tumor consisted mainly of closely packed relatively uniform round cells with prominent intervening capillaries. Although tumor cells showed negative GFA (glial fibrillary acidic protein) immunoreactivlty, demonstration of occasional bundles of 10 nm intermediate filaments (glial filaments) in cytoplasm on electron microscopy confirmed the diagnosis of astrocytoma. Differential diagnosis to hemangioblastoma, astroblastoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumor was discussed.
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON CASES OF ABNORMAL PANCREATICO‐CHOLEDOGHO‐DUCTAL JUNCTION
Authors: Suda Koichi , Miyano Takeshi , Suzuki Fujihiko , Matsumoto Michio , Yamashiro Yuichiro , Tokumaru Tadaaki , Oyama Toshio , Matsumoto Yoshiro
Published: December 2008

An abnormal pancreatico‐choledocho‐ductal junction, in which free communication between the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct was present, was observed in 17 out of 120 cases (14.2%) of biliary tract carcinoma and in all of four cases of congenital biliary dilatation, but in none of about 200 control patients without biliary tract disease. Outstanding findings in the pancreas, such as degeneration of the ductal epithelium and interlobular fibrosis, were found in 6 of 21 cases of abnormal junction. In an experimental study using 63 puppies given choledocho‐pancreatic end‐to‐side ductal anastomosis, dilatation of the bile duct of varying degree occurred and mucosal hyperplasia of the biliary tract was observed in 12 of 25 anastomosed dogs for a duration of more than one month. Cell kinetics in biliary tract mucosa observed by the use of monoclonal antibody against bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was obviously elevated in dogs subject to long‐term follow‐up. As for pancreatic lesions, the incidence and histologic findings were similar to those of human studies, as follows: chronic pancreatitis in only a few animals, mild periductal parenchymatous change in 15 puppies and no significant change in 44 puppies. Therefore, an abnormal pancreatico‐choledocho‐ductal junction may be one of the significant factors producing biliary dilatation, biliary tract carcinoma and pancreatitis. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37: 1549‐1562, 1987.
PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID
Authors: Eimoto Tadaaki , Naito Hideaki , Hamada Shuji , Masuda Masataka , Harada Tatsuji , Kikuchi Masahiro
Published: December 2008

Twenty‐one papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), grouped into predominantly papillary (14 cases), predominantly follicular (5 cases), and extremely follicular, i.e., follicular variant (2 cases) types, were studied in comparison with three cases each of follicular lesions including follicular carcinoma, follicular adenoma, adenomatous goiter and Graves’disease. Histochemical, im‐munoperoxidase, and electron microscopic analyses demonstrated no remarkable differences between the predominantly papillary and predominantly follicular PTCs, but the presence of common characteristics distinct from those of the follicular lesions. These two types of PTCs showed less glycogen, more mucoid material, more epidermal keratin, less thyroid hormone with relative predominance of T3 over T4, and more interdigitating reticulum cells (IDCs) than most of the follicular lesions. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells of these PTCs had markedly irregular nuclei, a vesicular chromatin pattern, and small basally located lysosomes, in contrast with the cells in the follicular lesions which had smooth round nuclei, more heterochromatin, and apical or dispersed lysosomes of various sizes. The follicular variant PTCs showed some mixed features, such as glycogen in the follicular portion and mucoid material in metastatic papillary foci, positive keratin and IDCs but greater amounts of thyroid hormone, and a rather intermediate type of ultrastructure with only mildly irregular but vesicular nuclei and large apical as well as small basal lysosomes. These findings cytologically support the WHO definition of papillary carcinoma that includes tumors with variable mixtures of papillary and follicular patterns. However, separate consideration may be necessary with regard to the follicular variant. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37: 1563‐1579, 1987.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF PANCREATOBLASTOMA
Authors: Ohaki Yoshiharu , Misugi Kazuaki , Fukuda Junya , Okudaira Masahiko , Hieose Makoto
Published: December 2008

Three cases of pancreatoblastoma in children were examined immunohis‐tochemically and the results were compared with those of pancreatic duct carcinoma in adults. The pancreatoblastoma demonstrated positive reactions to α‐fetoprotein (AFP) (67%: 2/3), α‐1‐antitrypsin (AAT) (100%: 3/3), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (67% : 2/3) and keratin (33% : 1/3), although CEA was only weakly positive in both cases. On the other hand, adult pancreatic duct carcinoma showed positive reactions as follows; AFP: 3% (1/29), AAT: 21% (6/29), CEA: 97% (28/29) and keratin: 93% (27/29). Also, endocrine substances including insulin, glucagon and somatostatin were all negative in the pancreatoblastomas. Two cases of pancreatoblastoma which were immunohistochemically positive for AFP also showed elevation of the serum AFP level clinically. The different expressive pattern of oncofetal antigens in pancreatoblastoma as compared with pancreatic duct carcinoma in adults may provide further supporting evidence for the embryonic nature of pancreatoblastoma, and suggests that such a pattern might be used as a tumor marker for pancreatoblastoma. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37 : 1581‐1590, 1987.
C CELLS IN HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Observations
Authors: Katoh Ryohei
Published: December 2008

C cells in the thyroid tissue of a 46‐year‐old female patient who showed typical Hashimoto's thyroiditis clinically and histopathologically were examined immunohistochemically and electron microscopically. By immunohistochemical investigation using anti‐calcitonin (CT) serum, CT‐positive cells were found frequently in the interstitium either singly or attached to several degenerative follicular cells mingled with infiltrated inflammatory cells. Occasionally, cellular clusters of up to 10 cells were seen. Electron microscopically, we detected three cells considered to be C cells which were characterized by the presence of numerous membrane‐bound secretory granules, well developed Golgi complex, and rough endoplasmic reticulum arranged in lamellae. These cells were attached to degenerative follicular cells, and their apparent ultrastructural changes were not distinct in comparison with the marked changes seen in the follicular cells (i.e., increased numbers of mitochondria, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum, etc.). From these morphological findings, it was suggested that the C cells were maintained in a relatively intact state even after the destruction of the thyroid follicles in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
PRIMARY INTRAHEPATIC SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Ishikawa Takashi , Aoyama Hiromu , Ohtake Hiroo , Ohnishi Shin , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Imawari Michio , Shiga Junji , Takaku Fumimaro
Published: December 2008

A case of primary intrahepatic sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease, which is rare in Japan, is reported. A 16‐year‐old Japanese boy was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal pain and fever. He was diagnosed as having primary intrahepatic sclerosing cholangitis by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and liver biopsy. Inflammatory bowel disease was diagnosed by colonoscopy and biopsy of the colonic mucosa. Human lymphocyte antigen typing showed HLA‐A2, A‐9, ‐B52 and ‐DR2. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37: 1637‐1643, 1987.
THOROTRAST‐INDUCED HEPATIC ANGIOSARCOMA WITH 39 YEARS LATENCY
Authors: Abe Masafumi , Wakasa Haruki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of hepatic angiosarcoma which occurred in a 64‐year‐old man who had been examined by Thorotrast angiography 39 years previously, is reported together with the pathologic, radiologic and immunohistochemical findings. Thorotrast deposits were found in the spleen, bone marrow, right elbow joint and lymph nodes as well as the liver. The angiosarcoma was accompanied by markedly distended sinusoids with hypertrophic and hyperplastic endothelial cells, which were considered to be closely associated with angiosarcoma. The results of immunostaining indicated that only a very limited number of tumor cells and not many sinusoidal endothelial cells showed a positive staining reaction to anti‐factor VHI‐related antigen (anti‐F VIII‐RAG). On the other hand, endothelial cells lining blood vessels in the portal areas were distinctly positive for anti‐F VIII‐RAG. This would suggest that production of F VIII‐RAG by tumor cells was dependent on the degree of cell dedifferentiation or on the heterogeneity of endothelial cells. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37: 1653‐1660, 1987.
LEIOMYOBLASTOMA OF THE GREATER OMENTUM
Authors: Mashimoto Hideo , Matsuo Takeshi , Maeda Hiroshi , Ikeda Takayoshi , Tomioka Tsutomu , Yamaguchi Takashi , Tsunoda Tsukasa , Harada Noboru , Tsuchiya Ryoichi
Published: December 2008

A case of leiomyoblastoma of the greater omentum, occurring in a 36‐year‐old man was described. Leiomyoblastoma of the omentum is extremely rare and only 6 cases have been reported in the Japanese and English literature up to date. According to the review of these cases, including the present case, 1) females were affected more frequently than males, and the age ranged from 36 to 76 years; 2) leiomyoblastoma was usually a large tumor which caused abdominal fullness and pain, and occasionally complicated with anemia and bloody ascites; 3) mitosis was rare, and there was no sign of metastasis and recurrence. Finally the morphological criteria and clinical parameters of malignancy in leiomyoblastoma were discussed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37: 1691‐1698, 1987.
RESISTANCE OF HUMAN BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS TO TELEOCIDIN IN A TWO‐STAGE CARCINOGENESIS EXPERIMENT
Authors: Teshima Shinichi , Shimosato Yukio , Kodama Tetsuro , Koide Tsutomu , Suganuma Masami , Fujiki Hirota
Published: December 2008

The tumor‐promoting activity of teleocidin in two‐stage carcinogenesis was tested using human bronchi grafted into athymic nude mice. On treatment with 7, 12‐d‐imethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) plus teleocidin, no bronchial carcinomas were produced in 44 grafted human bronchi, but 8 spindle cell sarcomas developed in mouse tissues. Application of DMBA to grafted human bronchi produced only 3 spindle cell sarcomas in the tissues of 30 mice. Application of teleocidin did not produce any tumors in 24 grafts of bronchi obtained from heavy smokers. Thus, teleocidin had an effect on mouse tissues, but seemed to have no effect on human bronchial cells, although it is uncertain whether the grafted human bronchi were initiated by DMBA. ACTA PATHOL.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF DMF‐INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY
Authors: Itoh Hirotoshi , Uchikoshi Toshiyuki , Oikawa Kiyoshi
Published: December 2008

N, N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF) has been implicated in the production of hepatotoxicity in male and female F344 rats. Repeated administration of dosages of 0.75 and 1.0 ml/kg DMF for up to 12 weeks produced massive liver necrosis associated with decreased body weight gain. Macroscopically, areas of necrotic change were well pronounced in every hepatic lobe, being yellowish‐red in coloration, irregular in shape, and varying in size, but were most striking immediately adjacent to the porta hepatis. Among the lobes, those which were relatively small were most markedly affected, and occasionally an entire lobe was involved. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed the hepatic architecture to be occupied by massive fibrosis. There were, however, sharp lines of demarcation between surviving normal and necrotic areas. Hemosiderosis involving macrophages was accompanied by proliferative bile ductules and a number of multinucleated giant cells. The distribution and quality of the hepatic lesions produced by DMF were discussed.
Ras P21 EXPRESSION IN NEPHROBLASTOMA GROUP TUMORS
Authors: Aoki Ichiro , Yanoma Shunsuke , Misugi Kazuaki , Sasaki Yoshiro , Kikyo Shinzou
Published: December 2008

Ras p21 expression in 30 cases of nephroblastoma and related tumors was evaluated by the immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal anti‐ras p21 antibody (RAP‐5) raised against a synthetic polypeptide fragment of ras p21. In normal renal tissue, the epithelial cells of convoluted and collecting tubules and arterial wall leiomyocytes were positively stained. In nephroblastoma tumors, some of the epithelial cells forming primitive tubular and glomerular‐like structures in the nephroblastic‐type tumors and the cells with including intimal features were positive. However, the epithelial cells in more differentiated glandular structures of epithelial‐type tumors, the rhabdoid cells in rhabdoid tumors and the cells in congenital mesoblastic nephroma failed to show positive staining. Nephroblastic cells, stromal cells and sarcomatous cells were also negative.
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN HEPATITIS B VIRUS CARRIERS
Authors: Ito Masahiro , Honda Minoru , Shikuwa Saburo , Kawase Yoshihisa , Matsumoto Koji , Ohi Junji , Sekine Ichiro , Fujii Hideharu
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases of pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with liver cirrhosis are presented. Both patients were hepatitis B (HB) virus carriers and suffered from type B cirrhosis during the clinical course. The first patient was a 52‐y‐ear‐old male with type B cirrhosis. He died of hepatic encephalopathy but did not have any specific symptoms for PH except abnormal laboratory findings. Chest roentgenograms displayed prominence of the central pulmonary artery. Cardiac catheterization indicated marked increment of pulmonary arterial pressure. Autopsy revealed dilatation and sclerosis of the main pulmonary artery and right ventricular hypertrophy. Microscopically, the pulmonary arteries showed intimal fibrosis, medial hypertrophy, and plexiform lesions throughout the lungs. The second patient, a 15‐y‐ear‐old boy, had PH with juvenile liver cirrhosis which had existed for 8 years prior to the onset of PH. He complained of severe dyspnea and dizziness before death. Electrocardiogram indicated right ventricular hypertrophy. Autopsy disclosed cardiomegaly, type B cirrhosis and sclerotic pulmonary arteries. Grade VI pulmonary plexogenic arteriopathy including plexiform lesions and necrotizing arteritis was observed. HBsAg was detected in both the hepatocytes and the pulmonary arterial walls. We discuss the possible relationship between persistent HB viral infection and PH with liver cirrhosis.
COMBINED HEPATOCELLULAR AND CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA ARISING IN A CIRRHOTIC LIVER: Report of an Autopsy Case
Authors: Sonobe Hiroshi , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Ohtsuki Yuji , Matsumoto Kyoko , Onishi Saburo , Jinno Kenji
Published: December 2008

A rare case of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma arising in a 56–year‐old female is reported. The autopsy disclosed the presence of two different kinds of tumors in the right lobe of the liver, which showed advanced cirrhosis; a massive rubbery, ill‐defined and whitish‐yellow cholangiocarcinoma and a nodular soft, encapsulated and dark green hepatocellular carcinoma. They were adjacent to each other, but showed no intermingling. Only the massive cholangiocarcinoma had invaded the portal vein and showed several intrahepatic metastatic foci and hepatic, pancreaticoduodenal and perigastric lymph node metastases. Immunohistochemically, carbohydrate antigen 19–9 was strongly positive only for the cholangiocarcinoma component, explaining the high titer of this antigen in the serum on admission. On the basis of these findings, the possible morphogenesis of the tumor observed in the cirrhotic liver is discussed.
SUPPRESSIVE EFFECT OF CYCLOSPORIN A ON THE INDUCTION OF CHRONIC SERUM SICKNESS NEPHRITIS IN THE RAT
Authors: Shigematsu Hidekazu , Koyama Akio
Published: December 2008

The suppressive effect of cyclosporin A (CyA) on the development of antibody‐induced glomerulonephritis was analyzed in rats with serum sickness nephritis. The induction of serum sickness was established by preimmunization and subsequent continuous administration of the same antigen starting 1 month later. When CyA was given in the preimmunization stage, neither induction of glomerulonephritis nor specific antibody response was observed. In contrast, when CyA was administered in the stage of continuous sensitization, mild glomerulonephritis as well as specific antibody response developed. This phenomenon implles that the significant inhibition of the occurrence of immune complex nephritis results from the suppression by CyA of its primary response to the sensitizing antigen. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 11–19, 1988.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC AND FETAL LUNG: Light Microscopical, Immunohistochemical and Electron Microscopical Approaches
Authors: Watanabe Hisashi
Published: December 2008

Quantitative light microscopical and immunohistochemical analyses, and electron microscopical studies including routine and uranaffin procedures were carried out on specimens of human embryonic and fetal lung to establish the ontogeny and function of neuroendocrine cells (NECs) and neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs). Light microscopically, NEC and NEB were first observed at 8 and 9 weeks of gestation, respectively. The average numbers of both per 100 bronchial trees rapidly increased from the late second trimester. Electron microscopically, a few dispersed dense granules with uranaffln positivity first appeared in immature glycogen‐rich epithelial cells at 7 weeks, and differentiated NECs were observed at 8 weeks. The possibility that these glycogen‐rich epithelial cells might be NEC precursors was therefore proposed. Immunohistochemically, bombesin and serotonin‐immunoreactive (IR) NECs were first demonstrated at 8 and 9 weeks, respectively, and calcitonin‐IR NECs first appeared at 20 weeks. The average numbers of these IR NECs and NEBs increased from the late second to third trimester. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)‐IR NECs and NEBs were found only in extrauterine fetal lungs. Bombesin was a cardinal peptide in fetal lungs, and was assumed to play a pulmonary maturation‐promoting or trophic role. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 59–74, 1988.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF SOLID HAMARTOMA IN THE LIVER
Authors: Sonobe Hiroshi , Ohtsuki Yuji , Enzan Hideaki , Kurashige Takanobu , Matsuura Kimio , Kaneko Akira , Ogata Takuro
Published: December 2008

An unusual case of solid hepatic hamartoma, which could not be correctly categorized under the WHO classification, is reported. The well defined, solid nodular lesion, arising in the anterior edge of the left hepatic lobe, was found in a 15‐month‐old female infant. The lesion was composed of irregularly shaped yellow islands of parenchyma and white‐gray nodules of fibrous stroma of various sizes, which were intermingled revealing a mosaic pattern. Prominent bile ductal proliferation was observed histologically in the fibrous stroma, associated in parts with dense or loose periductal bundles and vascular proliferation. The stromal proliferation seemed to result in erosion of the islands of differentiated parenchymal cells with no regeneration. Alpha‐fetoprotein was demonstrated immunohistologically in the parenchymal cells of the lesion. From these findings, the essential component of this solid hamartoma was thought to be markedly proliferating bile ducts associated with periductal fibrosis, resulting in a fibroadenomatous pattern. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 75–82, 1988.
UNUSUAL CLEAR REGENERATIVE NODULES OF THE LIVER WITH ACCUMULATION OF ORCEIN AND VICTORIA BLUE‐POSITIVE GRANULES
Authors: Haratake Joji , Horie Akio , Ishii Nobuyoshi , MatSuo Norio , Lee Sung Do
Published: December 2008

An unusual nodular transformation of the liver was found in a 53‐year‐old man with meningoencephalitis who died of brain stem herniation. Postmortem examination revealed marked neuronal ischemic changes and bronchopneumonia as well as meningoencephalitis. The liver showed no significant lesions macroscopically. Histologically, there were many small nodules, less than 1 mm in diameter and composed of clear hepatocytes, throughout the liver. The liver cells in these nodules showed mild hyperplastic changes. Many fine granules, stained by orcein and Victoria blue, were found exclusively in the hepatocytes of these nodules. We describe the peculiar histopathology of this case with reference to some related lesions. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 83–88, 1988.