bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Background to Hawtrey's Ethics
Authors: Andrews David
Published: May 2010

The positive/normative distinction, in its modern form, was introduced into economics by Lionel Robbins. Robbins's discussion of the distinction was provoked in part by Ralph Hawtrey's prior claim that economics cannot be dissociated from ethics. Robbins's argument has been quite influential, but Hawtrey himself was not persuaded and later explicitly reaffirmed his view but did not sketch out its basis in any published writing. This article offers an interpretation of the philosophical underpinnings of Hawtrey's position. It argues that Hawtrey had a sophisticated, well-developed, and coherent position, with deep historical roots and based on the ethics of G. E. Moore and that rejected moral Robbins's moral skepticism. Hawtrey took the view that goodness is an objective property of the world and, as a result, he construed the relationship between ethics and economics in a manner quite different from that which prevails today.
Deepening the Irony ofUtopia: An Economic Perspective
Authors: Bostaph Samuel
Published: May 2010

Until recently, St. Thomas More's Utopia generally had been regarded as a serious work of social criticism and the expression of his social ideal, although there are widely differing views of More's specific intent in writing it. As many have argued, Utopia addresses a crucial politico/economic question: what is the best way of life? Historians of economic thought in particular have taken the work at face value and, with few exceptions, have given it short shrift. Other scholars within the humanities have examined it more seriously and at greater length, a few even raising the question of possible ironic or satirical intent, given that irony was one of More's characteristic rhetorical devices. Gerard Wegemer's recent interpretation that More's main purpose in writing Utopia was ironic places major emphasis on the element of irony that pervades the work. This article adds economic arguments to existing literary and biographical ones to buttress this assessment that Utopia is an irony, written to undercut rather than to advance the idealization of a communist social order.
From Lyric to Epic and Back: Joachim Du Bellay's Epic Regrets
Authors: Bizer Marc
Published: May 2010

It had been the dream of the sixteenth-century Pléiade poets to glorify their country and literature by composing a “long French poem,” a term that designated a genre resembling epic but that also included romance. In the 1550s, not only Pierre de Ronsard, who had received an official commission to write the Franciade, but also Joachim Du Bellay were exploring epic as a change from love poetry. Having formally renounced Petrarchist lyric, Du Bellay drew on his experience in the French diplomatic service in Rome to compose his most famous sonnet collection, the Regrets. Although a servant of the monarchy, Du Bellay contests monarchical authority and Ronsardian poetics through a particular reading of Homer: his self-portrayal contrasts with prudent Odysseus, whom Du Bellay's teachers had proposed as a model to the French king and whom the poet claimed ironically to surpass in a pointless epic adventure. At the same time, Du Bellay taunts Ronsard for being a poet in favor with the French court and thus one whose own aventure was an official success. Du Bellay's agon with Ronsard carves out, in effect, areas of empire-undermining and empire-glorifying epic.
Going Mundial: What It Really Means to Desire Paris
Authors: Hanneken Jaime
Published: May 2010

This essay analyzes Mundial Magazine, a little-known Parisian periodical edited by Rubén Darío, in the context of current debates over the large-scale narrative of literary modernity that Pascale Casanova puts forth in The World Republic of Letters. These debates tend to be framed as a choice between symbolic economy (Casanova's “universal” literary capital) and political economy (the focus of many Latin Americanist scholars on hegemonic constructions of modernity). Yet the unique circumstances of Mundial—published in Paris by Spanish America's most famous poet, composed almost exclusively of contributions from Hispanic authors and artists, and exported to its readers—suggest a Spanish American literary landscape built on an allegorical appropriation of Paris. By physically and discursively situating Paris as the nodal point for literature and art made in and destined for the Hispanic world, Mundial harnessed its prestige as a cultural capital and as a modern publishing center to promote a global, pan-Hispanic culture. Understanding the aesthetic, technological, and commercial transactions undertaken by periodicals like Mundial can lead to a more nuanced account of the uses of the universal in modern Spanish American letters.
The Privilege of Contemporary Life: Periodization in the Bret Easton Ellis Decades
Authors: Martin Theodore
Published: May 2010

Is there a literary genre uniquely suited to grasping the history of the present? This essay proposes the “decade novel” and explores how the genre is elaborated in the work of Bret Easton Ellis. As a form of compressed history, the decade is the preeminently “stereotypical” or degraded version of periodization; perhaps for this reason, it is also the perfect narrative mode for the present's historical self-consciousness. Ellis's novels American Psycho and Glamorama expose the contradictory link between the ephemeral details of consumer life and the essence of a single, self-contained decade. They thus demonstrate the incompatibility between the immediate experience of the present and the retrospective gaze of periodization. They also suggest a way to resolve it. The formal continuity between American Psycho and Glamorama, which shows them to be variations of the same allegory of late capitalism, provides an alternative to the false closure of the decade. Read together, the two novels describe not a presentist eternity but a sense of the present as an ideologically continuous moment in the longue durée of capitalist modernity.
Students' daily emotions in the classroom: Intra‐individual variability and appraisal correlates
Authors: Ahmed Wondimu , van der Werf Greetje , Minnaert Alexander , Kuyper Hans
Published: May 2010

Background.Recent literature on emotions in education has shown that competence‐ and value‐related beliefs are important sources of students' emotions; nevertheless, the role of these antecedents in students' daily functioning in the classroom is not yet well‐known. More importantly, to date we know little about intra‐individual variability in students' daily emotions.

Aims.The objectives of the study were (1) to examine within‐student variability in emotional experiences and (2) to investigate how competence and value appraisals are associated with emotions. It was hypothesized that emotions would show substantial within‐student variability and that there would be within‐person associations between competence and value appraisals and the emotions.

Sample(s).The sample consisted of 120 grade 7 students (52%, girls) in 5 randomly selected classrooms in a secondary school.

Method.A diary method was used to acquire daily process variables of emotions and appraisals. Daily emotions and daily appraisals were assessed using items adapted from existing measures.

Results.Multi‐level modelling was used to test the hypotheses. As predicted, the within‐person variability in emotional states accounted for between 41% (for pride) and 70% (for anxiety) of total variability in the emotional states. Also as hypothesized, the appraisals were generally associated with the emotions.

Conclusions.The within‐student variability in emotions and appraisals clearly demonstrates the adaptability of students with respect to situational affordances and constraints in their everyday classroom experiences. The significant covariations between the appraisals and emotions suggest that within‐student variability in emotions is systematic.
Highly enantioselective isomerization of primary allylic alcohols catalyzed by (P,N)-iridium complexes
Authors: Mantilli Luca , Gérard David , Torche Sonya , Besnard Céline , Mazet Clément
Published: May 2010

The catalytic asymmetric isomerization of allylic amines to enamines stands out as one of the most accomplished and well-studied reactions in asymmetric catalysis as illustrated by its industrial application. In contrast, the related asymmetric isomerization of primary allylic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes still constitutes a significant challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, we show that under appropriate reaction conditions, iridium-hydride catalysts promote the isomerization of primary allylic alcohols under very mild reaction conditions. The best catalysts deliver the desired chiral aldehydes with unprecedented levels of enantioselectivity and good yields. Mechanistic hypotheses have been drawn based on preliminary investigations.
In search of Sembne
Authors: McClune Barrie
Published: May 2010

This visual essay begins at the National Homage to Ousmane Sembne in Dakar, Senegal in July 2008 and follows my search to find out whether Sembne's work is accessible to the Dakar public. From conference rooms, to museums, to market stalls and living rooms, I explore what has happened
to Sembne's work in the city he made his home, and thereby raise questions about the future of African film-makers and African audiences.
Alternative African cinemas: a case study of Rwanda
Authors: Cieplak Piotr A
Published: May 2010

There are various prescriptive and limiting discourses about what African Cinema is or should be. Because of the vastness of the continent and the heterogeneity of the people inhabiting it (as well as those interested in its culture and history), most of these theories and assertions
provide little more than general statements and often omit the importance of national and regional particularity. This article examines the emerging film industry in Rwanda as well as the potential challenge it can pose to certain paradigms within discourses surrounding African Cinema. It
also looks at different funding and distribution models, including international, collaborative and independent film projects currently underway in Rwanda. Analyses of two films Patrick Mureithi's Icyizere:Hope and Debs Gardner-Paterson's We Are All Rwandans are provided to support
the article's argument.
From three acts to three screens: the significance of the role of writing in a new media film project
Authors: Bubb Jeremy
Published: May 2010

This article will discuss the writing and editing of a short film called Writ in Water, a project specifically designed for three-screen projection. I will explore the influences of the process of writing for multi-image drama by considering Lev Manovich's notion of narrative
as database, Gene Youngblood's view of syncretism and synaesthetics and Robert McKee's approach to three-act structure in relation to story, inciting incident, character development and narrative timeline. I will also outline the influence of Aristotle on this new media drama
triptych and, finally, discuss scriptwriting as a changing component in relation to digital technology. The continuing significance of the script as blueprint will be explored and how classic story structure and use of new technology work together to inform the final work. This article aims
to reflect on the acts and the actions of narrative creation using the classic tropes of screenwriting and its influences, and also recognize the importance of process in contributing to new knowledge in the area of multi-image screen narrative. A full appreciation of an artwork includes an
understanding of the extent to which it is a product and reflection of the technologies used in its making (Shaw and Weibel 2003: 198).
A Global Investigation into the Cultural and Individual Antecedents of Banner Advertising Effectiveness
Authors: Möller Jana , Eisend Martin
Published: May 2010

This study introduces and tests a framework to show the influence of national-level cultural and sociodemographic variables on banner advertising effectiveness. The authors analyze online survey data from 7775 respondents from 34 countries using hierarchical linear modeling and also analyze click-through rates from 2192 users from 26 countries. The findings show that banner advertising effectiveness in terms of attitudes toward banner advertising and intention to click on banner ads varies along Hofstede's cultural dimensions of individualism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and masculinity. In particular, consumers from individualist countries show less acceptance of banner advertising than those from collectivist countries. The acceptance of Web banner advertising is related to the consumers’ click behavior. Individual-level variables contribute only marginally to explain banner advertising effectiveness, which strengthens the significance of the direct effects of national-level cultural variables. The findings suggest that marketers should view banner advertising, though largely standardized when targeting a global audience, as a culture-specific issue.
Traceability of values for catalytic activity concentration of enzymes: a Certified Reference Material for aspartate transaminase
Authors: Toussaint Brigitte , Emons Hendrik , Schimmel Heinz G. , Bossert-Reuther Steffen , Canalias Francesca , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Férard Georges , Ferrero Carlo A. , Franck Paul F.H. , Gella F. Javier , Henny Joseph , Jørgensen Poul J. , Klauke Rainer , Lessinger Jean-Marc , Mazziotta Daniel , Panteghini Mauro , Ueda Shigeru , Schumann Gerhard
Published: May 2010

Background: A new reference material for the liver enzyme aspartate transaminase (AST) (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate-aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1), also called aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), has been developed under the code ERM-AD457/IFCC. This certified reference material (CRM) for AST has been produced from a human type recombinant AST expressed in Escherichia coli and a buffer containing bovine serum albumin, and has been lyophilised.

Methods: The homogeneity and the stability of the material have been tested and the catalytic activity concentration has been characterised by 12 laboratories using the reference procedure for AST at 37°C from the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC).

Results: The certified catalytic activity concentration and certified uncertainty of AST in the reconstituted material are (1.74±0.05) μkat/L or (104.6±2.7) U/L (with a coverage factor k=2; 95% confidence interval).

Conclusions: Both the certified value and uncertainty are traceable to the International System of Units (SI). The material is aiming to control the IFCC reference procedure for AST at 37°C, which will then be used to assign values to calibrants and control materials. The present paper highlights the scientific challenges and innovations which were encountered during the development of this new CRM.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:795–803.
Self-monitoring of blood glucose with a focus on analytical quality: an overview
Authors: Kristensen Gunn B.B. , Sandberg Sverre
Published: May 2010

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has been available for patients with diabetes for more than 30 years. Today, SMBG is an important component in diabetes management, helping patients achieve and maintain normal blood glucose concentrations. Implementation of SMBG as an effective glycaemic control tool requires that instruments have acceptable analytical quality, that the patients are educated in using them, and that actions are taken upon the results. This paper gives an overview of SMBG, including the history, clinical utility, principles of measurement and several aspects of analytical quality of SMBG. The latter comprises a standardised evaluation of SMBG performance, quality specifications as well as different approaches to monitor the quality of SMBG performance.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:963–72.
Stat laboratory testing: integration or autonomy?
Authors: Soffiati Giuliano , Giavarina Davide
Published: May 2010

Laboratory turnaround times (TATs) for urgent (Stat) tests are indicators of efficiency, and many clinicians consider prolonged TAT one of the most important causes for delay in transferring patients from emergency departments. Here, we present a review of the main proposed solutions, dependent on size, organization models and mission of the hospital. Although there is no clear evidence that laboratory TAT could be directly related to patient care, we need to continuously evaluate each laboratories performance by comparing them to patient outcomes.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:927–30.
Potential role of the lipoxygenase derived lipid mediators in atherosclerosis: leukotrienes, lipoxins and resolvins
Authors: Hersberger Martin
Published: May 2010

Atherogenesis is an inflammatory process with leukocytes infiltrating the arterial intima. The lipoxygenase pathways play a role in leukocyte recruitment through the generation of two classes of arachidonic acid lipid mediators, the leukotrienes and the lipoxins, and one class of omega-3 fatty acid metabolites, the resolvins. There is evidence from animal studies and human genetic studies that the leukotrienes and the enzymes necessary for their generation play a role in atherosclerosis, and possibly even in the development of the vulnerable plaque. Less is known about the effect of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediators in atherosclerosis, the lipoxins and the resolvins. Studies modulating the activity of an enzyme necessary for the production of these lipid mediators, 12/15-lipoxygenase, showed discrepant results in several animal models. Also, human genetic studies have not clearly dissected the effect of the enzyme on atherosclerosis. However, stable forms of the lipoxins and the resolvins protect animals from inflammatory diseases. Whether blocking the leukotrienes or applying anti-inflammatory lipoxins and resolvins will be effective in attenuating human atherosclerosis needs to be demonstrated in future studies. In this review, the biosynthesis of these lipid mediators, their biological effects and the evidence for their possible role in atherosclerosis are discussed with an emphasis on human disease.

Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1063–73.
Shortcomings of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Serology 7 Panel
Authors: Benor Shira , Russell George H. , Silver Michael , Israel Esther J. , Yuan Qian , Winter Harland S.
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:

The goal was to compare the predictive values of the Prometheus Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Serology 7 (IBD7) panel (Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, CA) with the predictive values of routine blood tests in a population of children referred for initial evaluation of suspected IBD.

METHODS:

Medical records of pediatric patients referred for evaluation of IBD for whom IBD7 testing was performed at Prometheus Laboratories between January 2006 and November 2008 were reviewed. Patients underwent diagnosis by pediatric gastroenterologists on the basis of clinical, radiologic, endoscopic, and pathologic evaluations.

RESULTS:

A total of 394 records were identified. We excluded 90 records on the basis of age of >21 years, previous diagnosis of IBD, or unclear diagnosis. The prevalence of IBD in this cohort was 38%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and κ value for the serological panel were 67%, 76%, 63%, 79%, and 42%, respectively, compared with values for a combination of 3 abnormal routine laboratory test results of 72%, 94%, 85%, 79%, and 47%. The antiflagellin antibody assay, the newest assay added to the panel, had sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 53%. Repeat serological testing failed to produce consistent results for 4 of 10 patients.

CONCLUSION:

Despite its recent inclusion of the antiflagellin assay, the IBD7 panel has lower predictive values than routine laboratory tests in pediatric screening for IBD.
Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Adolescents: Race, Season, Adiposity, Physical Activity, and Fitness
Authors: Dong Yanbin , Pollock Norman , Stallmann-Jorgensen Inger Susanne , Gutin Bernard , Lan Ling , Chen Tai C. , Keeton Daniel , Petty Karen , Holick Michael F. , Zhu Haidong
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES:

The objectives were to characterize the vitamin D status of black and white adolescents residing in the southeastern United States (latitude: ∼33°N) and to investigate relationships with adiposity.

METHODS:

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy for 559 adolescents 14 to 18 years of age (45% black and 49% female). Fat tissues, physical activity, and cardiovascular fitness also were measured.

RESULTS:

The overall prevalences of vitamin D insufficiency (<75 nmol/L) and deficiency (≤50 nmol/L) were 56.4% and 28.8%, respectively. Black versus white subjects had significantly lower plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in every season (winter, 35.9 ± 2.5 vs 77.4 ± 2.7 nmol/L; spring, 46.4 ± 3.5 vs 101.3 ± 3.5 nmol/L; summer, 50.7 ± 4.0 vs 104.3 ± 4.0 nmol/L; autumn, 54.4 ± 4.0 vs 96.8 ± 2.7 nmol/L). With adjustment for age, gender, race, season, height, and sexual maturation, there were significant inverse correlations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and all adiposity measurements, including BMI percentile (P = .02), waist circumference (P < .01), total fat mass (P < .01), percentage of body fat (P < .01), visceral adipose tissue (P = .015), and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (P = .039). There were significant positive associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and vigorous physical activity (P < .01) and cardiovascular fitness (P = .025).

CONCLUSIONS:

Low vitamin D status is prevalent among adolescents living in a year-round sunny climate, particularly among black youths. The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, adiposity, physical activity, and fitness seem to be present in adolescence.
Administration of Ondansetron Is Associated With Lethal Outcome
Authors: Gener Blanca , Burns Jarrett M. , Griffin Susanne , Boyer Edward W.
Published: May 2010

We report here the case of a child with a known muscular abnormality and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia who abruptly died after receiving a therapeutic dose of ondansetron. Also, we discuss the pharmacodynamic relationship of ondansetron to malignant hyperthermia in a susceptible host.
Decrease in Hospital-wide Mortality Rate After Implementation of a Commercially Sold Computerized Physician Order Entry System
Authors: Longhurst Christopher A. , Parast Layla , Sandborg Christy I. , Widen Eric , Sullivan Jill , Hahn Jin S. , Dawes Christopher G. , Sharek Paul J.
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:

Implementations of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems have previously been associated with either an increase or no change in hospital-wide mortality rates of inpatients. Despite widespread enthusiasm for CPOE as a tool to help transform quality and patient safety, no published studies to date have associated CPOE implementation with significant reductions in hospital-wide mortality rates.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to determine the effect on the hospital-wide mortality rate after implementation of CPOE at an academic children's hospital.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

We performed a cohort study with historical controls at a 303-bed, freestanding, quaternary care academic children's hospital. All nonobstetric inpatients admitted between January 1, 2001, and April 30, 2009, were included. A total of 80 063 patient discharges were evaluated before the intervention (before November 1, 2007), and 17 432 patient discharges were evaluated after the intervention (on or after November 1, 2007). On November 4, 2007, the hospital implemented locally modified functionality within a commercially sold electronic medical record to support CPOE and electronic nursing documentation.

RESULTS:

After CPOE implementation, the mean monthly adjusted mortality rate decreased by 20% (1.008–0.716 deaths per 100 discharges per month unadjusted [95% confidence interval: 0.8%–40%]; P = .03). With observed versus expected mortality-rate estimates, these data suggest that our CPOE implementation could have resulted in 36 fewer deaths over the 18-month postimplementation time frame.

CONCLUSION:

Implementation of a locally modified, commercially sold CPOE system was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the hospital-wide mortality rate at a quaternary care academic children's hospital.
Dinâmica da acumulação de capacidades inovadoras: evidências de empresas de software no Rio de janeiro e em São Paulo
Authors: Miranda Eduardo C. , Figueiredo Paulo N.
Published: May 2010

São escassos estudos sobre a dinâmica da acumulação de capacidades inovadoras. Este artigo examina o tema em oito empresas de software em São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, encontrando: diferenças inter e intraempresariais em termos da direção e taxa de acumulação de capacidade para funções tecnológicas específicas; acúmulo de capacidade tecnológica mais rápido em empresas mais jovens; e decréscimo das taxas de acumulação tecnológica à medida que as empresas se aproximam de níveis mais inovadores de capacidades, demonstrando a potencialidade para aceleração do processo. Tais evidências são relevantes para o entendimento da acumulação tecnológica e fornecem uma noção do tempo necessário para se obterem benefícios de esforços de aprendizagem e construção de capacidade inovadora.
Equivalência e avaliação da necessidade de sorologia de controle entre esquemas de pré-exposição à raiva humana
Authors: Cunha Ricardo Siqueira , Silva Andréa de Cássia Rodrigues da , Batista Alexandre Mendes , Chaves Luciana Botelho , Barata Rita Barradas
Published: May 2010

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resposta imune humoral do esquema de pré-exposição da raiva humana realizado pelas vias intramuscular e intradérmica e a necessidade de sorologia de controle. MÉTODOS: Estudo de intervenção controlado e randomizado, realizado em São Paulo, SP, em 2004-2005. Foram recrutados 149 voluntários, dos quais 127 (65 intradérmica e 62 intramuscular) completaram o esquema de vacinação e realizaram avaliação da resposta imune humoral dez, 90 e 180 dias após o término da vacinação. Foram considerados dois desfechos para a comparação entre as duas vias de aplicação: a média geométrica do título de anticorpos neutralizantes e a proporção de indivíduos com títulos satisfatórios (> 0,5 UI/mL) em cada momento de avaliação. Foi analisada a associação da resposta humoral com dados antropométricos e demográficos por meio de teste de médias e qui-quadrado com correção de Yates. Após a conclusão do esquema foram feitas a comparação da proporção de soropositivos pelo teste de Kruskall Wallis e a comparação dos títulos médios por análise de variância. RESULTADOS: Os títulos médios de anticorpos foram maiores nos indivíduos que receberam as vacinas por via intramuscular. A percentagem de voluntários com títulos satisfatórios (> 0,5 UI/mL) diminuiu com o tempo em ambos os grupos, porém, no grupo que recebeu as vacinas por via intradérmica, a proporção de títulos satisfatórios no dia 180 variou de 20% a 25%, enquanto pela via intramuscular variou de 63% a 65%. Não se observou associação da resposta imune humoral com as variáveis demográficas ou antropométricas. CONCLUSÕES: A sorologia após a terceira dose pode ser considerada desnecessária em indivíduos sob controle quanto à exposição, uma vez que 97% e 100% dos voluntários vacinados, respectivamente por via intradérmica e pela via intramuscular, apresentaram níveis de anticorpos satisfatórios (> 0,5 UI/mL).
Produção intelectual em saúde coletiva: epistemologia e evidências de diferentes tradições
Authors: Camargo Jr Kenneth Rochel de , Coeli Claudia Medina , Caetano Rosângela , Maia Vanessa Rangel
Published: May 2010

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as diferenças nos padrões da produção científica brasileira publicada nas revistas que concentram a maior produção dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros da área de saúde coletiva. MÉTODOS: Com base na distinção proposta por Kuhn entre ciência paradigmática e não-paradigmática, foi avaliada a publicação de artigos do triênio 2004-2006 nas principais revistas da área da saúde coletiva, relacionada às respectivas subáreas, e número de autores por artigo. Os dados foram coletados na base LILACS e classificados independentemente pelos autores nas subáreas tradicionais da saúde coletiva. RESULTADOS: Artigos de múltipla autoria foram muito mais freqüentes entre os classificados na subárea de epidemiologia, enquanto os de autoria única foram mais freqüentes nas áreas de ciências sociais e humanas em saúde. Houve diferença na freqüência de publicação de artigos desses tipos em revistas diversas, sendo o total de artigos de epidemiologia superior à soma dos totais das outras duas subáreas. CONCLUSÕES: Os diferentes padrões de autoria encontrados têm implicações importantes para os processos avaliativos de programas e de pesquisadores, que não podem ser ignoradas, sob pena de ameaçarem a manutenção a longo prazo do perfil multidisciplinar que tem caracterizado a saúde coletiva no Brasil ao longo de três décadas.
Antifungal compound produced by the cassava endophyte Bacillus pumilus MAIIIM4a
Authors: Melo Flávia Mandolesi Pereira de , Fiore Marli Fátima , Moraes Luiz Alberto Beraldo de , Silva-Stenico Maria Estela , Scramin Shirlei , Teixeira Manoel de Araújo , Melo Itamar Soares de
Published: May 2010

In the search for new organisms and new secondary metabolites, a study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of endophytic bacteria from ethnovarieties of cassava cultivated by Brazilian Amazon Indian tribes and also to study the secondary metabolites produced by a Bacillus pumilus strain. Sixty seven cassava endophytic bacteria were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and FAME analysis. The bacterial profile revealed that 25% of all endophytic isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus. The isolate B. pumilus MAIIIM4a showed a strong inhibitory activity against the fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Sclerotium rolfsii. Secondary metabolites of this strain were extracted using hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Extracts were subjected to bioautography and LC/MS analysis, which allowed the identification of pumilacidin, an antifungal compound produced by B. pumilus MAIIIM4a. The bacterial endophytic localization was confirmed by cassava cell tissue examination using scanning electron microscopy.
Fibromialgia: interfaces com as LER/DORT e considerações sobre sua etiologia ocupacional
Authors: Álvares Tatiana Teixeira , Lima Maria Elizabeth Antunes
Published: May 2010

Através da comparação de dois grupos de pacientes, um de portadores de fibromialgia com diagnóstico anterior de LER/DORT e outro com diagnóstico apenas de fibromialgia, tentou-se compreender as relações entre as duas condições e também entre a fibromialgia e o trabalho. Foi utilizado o método biográfico, através de entrevistas em profundidade e construção de casos clínicos de seis pacientes portadoras de fibromialgia, sendo três de cada grupo. Observou-se que as pacientes do primeiro grupo apresentaram clara relação entre a evolução da doença e a sobrecarga ocupacional. Já as pacientes do segundo grupo apresentaram alguns dos sintomas desde infância ou adolescência, sendo que estes ficaram ainda mais intensos após vivenciarem experiências de forte impacto emocional. Além disso, essas pacientes relatavam história familiar de sintomas semelhantes aos da fibromialgia, ao contrário do primeiro grupo. Concluiuse que, em alguns pacientes portadores de fibromialgia, a sobrecarga ocupacional constitui um importante fator etiológico, podendo ser precedida pelas LER/DORT, e, nesses casos, o diagnóstico de fibromialgia pode estar sendo utilizado como uma tentativa de desvincular o nexo dos sintomas com o trabalho, impedindo o trabalhador de ter acesso aos benefícios previdenciários.
Análise das limitações, estratégias e perspectivas dos trabalhadores com LER/DORT, participantes do grupo PROFIT-LER: um estudo de caso
Authors: Pessoa Juliana da Costa Santos , Cardia Maria Claudia Gatto , Santos Maria Luiza da Costa
Published: May 2010

Este estudo teve como finalidade analisar as limitações, estratégias e perspectivas dos trabalhadores com LER/DORT, participantes do grupo PROFIT-LER, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, utilizando um gravador e um formulário, que abrangeu questões relacionadas com dor, limitação funcional, fatores motivacionais, estratégias, expectativas em relação ao tratamento fisioterapêutico, perspectiva de vida após o tratamento e grau de conhecimentos acerca da afecção. Mediante os dados obtidos através do formulário e analisados à luz da literatura utilizada selecionada, foi possível constatar que os pesquisados apresentaram dores e limitações funcionais; que o programa PROFIT-LER ofereceu um maior conhecimento para os participantes acerca da patologia; que a estratégia mais utilizada foi a cinesioterapia; e que, quanto às perspectivas, os pesquisados pretendem continuar a praticar o que aprenderam com o grupo, assim como procurar outras formas de tratamento, uma vez que este tratamento permitiu socialização entre os trabalhadores e um maior conhecimento sobre a afecção. Desta forma, o estudo obteve êxito por alcançar o objetivo proposto e por esclarecer que o ser humano está exposto a fatores que podem alterar seu equilíbrio físico e mental, desencadeando processos patológicos.
Impacto da perda dentária na qualidade de vida
Authors: Silva Maria Elisa de Souza e , Villaça Ênio Lacerda , Magalhães Cláudia Silami de , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e
Published: May 2010

Para avaliar o impacto da perda dentária na qualidade de vida, foram selecionados cinquenta pacientes, usuários do Serviço Público de Saúde, em tratamento para inserção ou substituição do par de dentaduras. Antes do tratamento, aplicou-se o Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) e a coleta de dados sociodemográficos. Os escores do OHIP-14 foram obtidos por meio do peso de cada pergunta associado à escala de Likert. Maior a pontuação alcançada, maior o impacto negativo da dimensão na qualidade de vida. Na amostra, 82% eram do gênero feminino, 52% tinham 41 a 60 anos (média de 59,1 anos), e 34% eram casados. Para cada dimensão, os valores máximos OHIP-14 foram: desconforto psicológico (122); dor (121); inabilidade psicológica (113); inabilidade física (109); limitação funcional (93); incapacidade (82) e inabilidade social (76). A perda dentária ou o uso de próteses inadequadas implicam impactos negativos na qualidade de vida, especialmente no que se refere à preocupação, estresse decorrente de problemas na boca e à vergonha. Foi percebido menor impacto no que se refere às relações interpessoais e ao desenvolvimento das atividades rotineiras - dimensão inabilidade social. Estas informações são relevantes para os profissionais, pois ampliam seu conhecimento sobre pessoas desdentadas e melhoram sua capacidade de lidar com elas.
Relações entre padrão do sono, saúde percebida e variáveis socioeconômicas em uma amostra de idosos residentes na comunidade: Estudo PENSA
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz Helena Domingos , Yassuda Mônica Sanches , Cupertino Ana Paula Fabrino Bretas , Neri Anita Liberalesso
Published: May 2010

O padrão de sono se destaca por estar entre as mais frequentes queixas dos idosos. Mudanças na velhice podem ser observadas em diversos níveis da arquitetura e qualidade do sono. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi observar a relação entre alterações do sono associadas à idade, sintomas de insônia, sintomas de apnéia e sintomas de parassonia com variáveis socioeconômicas e saúde autopercebida. O padrão de sono foi avaliado pelo Mini-Sleep Questionary. Os resultados apontaram que as mulheres e o grupo com menor escolaridade apresentaram maior frequência de sintomas de insônia, os idosos-idosos e o grupo com melhor percepção da saúde apresentaram menor frequência de sintomas apnéicos, e melhor percepção da saúde geral associou-se a melhor padrão de sono. Conclui-se que o padrão do sono é influenciado por características socioeconômicas como idade, gênero, escolaridade e saúde geral percebida.
Análise retrospectiva das intoxicações admitidas no hospital universitário da UFJF no período 2000-2004
Authors: Moreira Cícero da Silva , Barbosa Nádia Rezende , Vieira Rita de Cássia Padula Alves , Carvalho Marcos Roberto de , Marangon Paula Beatriz , Santos Priscila Larcher Carneiro , Teixeira Júnior Mário Lúcio
Published: May 2010

Intoxicações podem ter suas consequências minimizadas através da ampliação do conhecimento sobre suas origens, evoluções e providências quanto a medidas preventivas. No Brasil, o aumento progressivo das emergências tóxicas justifica a sua análise, de forma descentralizada e regionalizada. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar dados sobre a ocorrência de intoxicações admitidas no Hospital Universitário/UFJF, entre 2000 e 2004. A coleta foi realizada mediante pesquisa em prontuários cadastrados no banco de dados do referido hospital. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva, permitindo estabelecer o perfil do grupo quanto às variáveis idade, sexo, local de origem do paciente, profissão, período de hospitalização, etiologia, razão da intoxicação, classe terapêutica de fármacos envolvidos e via de exposição ao agente toxicante. Crianças de zero a cinco anos e indivíduos do sexo masculino foram os mais acometidos, representando 24% e 68%, respectivamente. A maioria dos casos ocorreu em Juiz de Fora (78%) e a via oral foi a mais frequente. Os psicotrópicos foram os principais agentes toxicantes (60%). Os resultados evidenciaram a importância de atividades educativas dirigidas às comunidades e a relevância dos serviços de informação para prevenir e reduzir as intoxicações e o uso irracional de fármacos.
Tarefas repetitivas sob pressão temporal: os distúrbios musculoesqueléticos e o trabalho industrial
Authors: Fernandes Rita de Cássia Pereira , Assunção Ada Ávila , Carvalho Fernando Martins
Published: May 2010

Realizou-se estudo ergonômico a fim de caracterizar as tarefas repetitivas e as demandas psicossociais no trabalho industrial em empresa do ramo plástico da Região Metropolitana de Salvador (BA). Realizaram-se observações globais das tarefas nas primeiras visitas à empresa, visando conhecer a organização geral, o funcionamento da produção e os determinantes das tarefas. Observaram-se nesta etapa que as exigências temporais na execução das tarefas implicavam demandas psicossociais e demandas físicas, em especial, os movimentos repetitivos. Na segunda etapa, realizaram-se observações sistemáticas, com entrevistas simultâneas. Mediu-se a duração dos ciclos básicos das tarefas na moldagem/acabamento das embalagens e registrou-se a ocorrência de perturbações que exigiam das trabalhadoras sua regulação. Identificaram-se variabilidades do trabalho, evidenciando como são geradas as demandas extras e como as exigências cognitivas e físicas podem ser exacerbadas pela pressão temporal. A insuficiência dos meios de trabalho, as exigências temporais da gestão da produção e uma organização do trabalho caracterizada pelo baixo controle conformam uma situação em que a continuidade da produção apenas é possível à custa de hipersolicitação do corpo das trabalhadoras.
Natural History and Mating Behavior of Pseudodyscrasis scutellaris, a Fly Species (Ulidiidae) Associated with Agave in Mexico
Authors: Brunel Odette , Rull Juan
Published: May 2010

The natural history and mating behavior of Pseudodyscrasis scutellaris (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Ulidiidae), a fly associated with Agave atrovirens Karw. ex Salm-Dyck (Agavaceae) in the Mexican Altiplano is described based on a 1-yr monthly survey of adult, pupal, and larval stages and on 108 h of field observations. P. scutellaris overwintered in the egg stage, resumed larval development in the spring, pupated in the soil under agaves, and adults emerged during the summer, Courtship behavior and male agonistic encounters consisted of sequences of short distance visual displays, Females oviposited in feeding scars produced by lepidopteran larvae during previous seasons, Larvae developed in aggregations of >100 individuals the following spring. Adults fed on various carbohydrate and protein sources, frequently interacted with other species of Diptera and ants, and were preyed upon by spiders and wasps. We discuss our findings in light of the evolution of behavior within the superfamily Tephritoidea and highlight the importance of further studies on the community of arthropods found on agaves.
Characterization of the Probing and Feeding Behavior ofPlanococcus citri(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Grapevine
Authors: Cid M , Fereres A
Published: May 2010

The citrus mealybug, Phnococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a vector of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), which causes severe damage to grapevines (Vitis spp.) worldwide. We studied the feeding behavior of P. citri on grapevine leaves and whole plants infected with GLRaV-3 and on artificial feeding membranes using DC-electrical penetration graphs (EPGs). P. citri ingested from phloem sieve elements, but it also spent long intervals in the xylem. Waveforms, not described before for mealybugs, were characterized, some of them resembling those of aphids: 1) one new pattern occurring within the phloem phase, named E23, correlated with honeydew excretion and positive ninhydrine reaction and therefore was associated with sap ingestion from the phloem sieve elements; and 2) an extracellular waveform, named G, also possibly associated with ingestion in artificial membranes, which probably represented xylem ingestion. The potential drops (pd) of P. citri showed two distinct phases (pd1 and pd2). The occurrence of pds was, on average, less frequent than in aphids (0.14/min), but they lasted much longer (32.5 s). The temporal analysis of 20 EPG recordings on detached leaves lasting 20 h showed great variability among individuals. Only 11/20 mealybugs reached the phloem phase, and ingestion from the phloem sieve elements (E23) was the predominant phloem-related activity. However, the G pattern was even more frequent, and most insects (16/20) showed xylem ingestion activities with an average duration of 8.7 h. This work represents the first step to identify specific stylet activities associated with the acquisition and inoculation of GLRaV-3 by P. citri.
Taxonomic Status of the Oak Gall WaspCallirhytis hakonensis(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with Description of the Sexual Generation
Authors: Wachi Nakatada , Abe Yoshihisa
Published: May 2010

Comparisons of the external morphology of the holotype (female adult) of Callirhytis hakonensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and the female adults reared and identified as the asexual generation of this species by H. Masuda corroborated the accuracy of his identification. Masuda previously demonstrated the heterogony in this gall wasp by rearing experiments, The holotype (the asexual generation) of this cynipid is redescribed, and female and male adults of the sexual generation are described on the basis of specimens reared by him, Because the adults of the asexual and sexual generations had the diagnostic features of the genus Andricus and not Callirhytis, this gall wasp is transferred to the genus Andricus. Judging from the descriptions of the wasps and galls, Andricus symbioticus Kovalev and Andricus attractus Kovalev are synonymized with A. hakonensis.
Effects of Pollen in Lobelia laxiflora (Lobeliaceae) Long-Lived Flowers on Fecundity of Tropicoseius chiriquensis (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae)
Authors: Velázquez Tonatiuh , Ornelas Juan Francisco
Published: May 2010

Pollen and nectar are the most important floral rewards in plant—pollinator interactions. These rewards are voraciously consumed by hummingbird flower mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae), and nectar and pollen feeding by mites have a strong impact on plant—hummingbird interactions. Tropicoseius chiriquensis (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) feed on nectar and pollen of Lobelia laxiflora H.B.K. (Lobeliaceae) flowers, and within the floral corolla they mate and lay eggs. Yet the benefits of nectar and pollen feeding in terms of survival and fecundity of flower mites are quite unexplored. Here, we evaluate the fecundity and numerical response of T. chiriquensis to the availability of pollen in long-lived protandrous flowers of L. laxiflora. Under field conditions, unmanipulated flowers with pollen had more mites (adults, nymphs, larvae, and eggs) than emasculated flowers without pollen, Numbers of mites fluctuated throughout the flower life span. More adult mites were found for the first 2 d of the flower (staminate phase) and decreased for the last three days of life of the flower (pistillate phase). In contrast, we found higher number of larvae in the pistillate phase. In a laboratory experiment, the fecundity of flower mites was 4 times as high when pollen was available as that when flower mites were not provided with pollen. They completed their life cycle in approximately a week, the life span of L. laxiflora flowers. Our results suggest that pollen availability in L. laxiflora long-lived flowers could influence the population dynamics of T. chiriquensis by having a positive impact on numbers and fecundity of the mites.
The Forbidden Beowulf: Haunted by Incest
Authors: Earl James W.
Published: May 2010

It is sometimes said that unlike other epics Beowulf does not start in medias res, but it does; Beowulf has a backstory, which we are deep into when the poem begins. The backstory is not told in the poem, however, so modern readers may miss it entirely. It is found in the poem's analogues and was the focus of most Beowulf scholarship until 1936, when J. R. R. Tolkien turned our attention to the monster fights in the foreground. Following Tolkien, today's readers focus on what the poem does say, taking little or no interest in the analogues. There is quite a difference, however, between reading Beowulf as complete in itself and reading it intertextually, as part of a cycle of tales. An intertextual reading yields many surprises, among them a hidden incest theme. Beowulf is haunted by this and other dark matters, repressed in its textual unconscious.
Beyond Sacrifice: Milton and the Atonement
Authors: Chaplin Gregory
Published: May 2010

In Paradise Lost, Milton imagines a cosmos at odds with orthodox theology, making a heretical departure that parallels his reluctance to dwell on the Crucifixion and his Arian Christology. Belief in a plurality of worlds threatens the integrity of the Trinity: it exalts the omnipotence of the creator, while it limits the significance of the redeemer. In effect, it produces a tension best resolved by Milton's position that the Father and the Son are two distinct beings—the former uncreated, infinite, and immutable and the latter created, finite, and changeable. This distinction enables Milton to fashion a theory of salvation that transforms Christ's sacrifice from a singular, traumatic event to an ethical decision that other created beings can emulate. These heterodox views constitute the theological underpinnings of his radical republicanism, which embraces an idea of human dignity and agency antithetical to the tyrannical politics of torture and blood sacrifice.
Looking with Leo
Authors: Silverman Kaja
Published: May 2010

I chose the title of this essay in part because I will be discussing Leo Bersani's work on painting and cinema, and Doing so as a friend rather than a rival or adversary. But the three words in my title also describe how Bersani himself approaches the visible world: when he sees something, he lookswithit, notatit. He is drawn to artists who look in the same way—artists who challenge the notion that seeing is a one-way action, which a seer performs on a visual object. Terrence Malick is a particularly good example of this type of artist, since he not only looks with the world but also makes this action the center of his films. As Bersani and Ulysse Dutoit put it in their discussion ofThe Thin Red Line, Malick shows us both “the world his characters are registering” and “the imprint of the act of looking on the subject of the looking” (Forms146).