bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the 4AT tool for delirium assessment in specialist palliative care settings: protocol of a prospective diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Arnold Elizabeth , Finucane Anne M. , Spiller Juliet A. , Tieges Zoë , MacLullich Alasdair M.J.
Published: April 2021

Background: Delirium is a serious and distressing neuropsychiatric condition, which is prevalent across all palliative care settings. Hypoactive delirium is particularly common, but difficult to recognize, partly due to overlapping symptoms with depression and dementia.  Delirium screening tools can lead to earlier identification and hence better management of patients. The 4AT (4 ‘A’s Test) is a brief tool for delirium detection, designed for use in clinical practice. It has been validated in 17 studies in over 3,700 patients. The test is currently used in specialist palliative care units, but has not been validated in this setting.  The aim of the study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the 4AT for delirium detection against a reference standard, in hospice inpatients.

Methods: 240 participants will be recruited from the inpatient units of two hospices in Scotland. If a patient lacks capacity to consent, agreement will be sought from a legal proxy.  Each participant will complete the 4AT and a reference standard assessment based on the diagnostic delirium criteria in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental  Disorders (DSM-5). This will be supplemented by tests of cognition and  attention, including reverse days of the week, counting down from 20 to 1, Vigilance 'A', the Observational Scale for Level of Arousal, the modified Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale and the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98. The assessments will be conducted in a randomized order by two independent clinicians, who will be blinded to the results until both are complete. Primary outcomes will be the sensitivity and specificity of the 4AT in detecting delirium.

Discussion: The findings will inform clinical practice regarding delirium assessment in palliative care settings.

Trial registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN97417474 (21/02/2020).
RNAmining: A machine learning stand-alone and web server tool for RNA coding potential prediction
Authors: Ramos Thaís A.R. , Galindo Nilbson R.O. , Arias-Carrasco Raúl , da Silva Cecília F. , Maracaja-Coutinho Vinicius , do Rêgo Thaís G.
Published: April 2021

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important players in the cellular regulation of organisms from different kingdoms. One of the key steps in ncRNAs research is the ability to distinguish coding/non-coding sequences. We applied seven machine learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, SVM, KNN, Random Forest, XGBoost, ANN and DL) through 15 model organisms from different evolutionary branches. Then, we created a stand-alone and web server tool (RNAmining) to distinguish coding and non-coding sequences, selecting the algorithm with the best performance (XGBoost). Firstly, we used coding/non-coding sequences downloaded from Ensembl (April 14th, 2020). Then, coding/non-coding sequences were balanced, had their tri-nucleotides counts analysed and we performed a normalization by the sequence length. Thus, in total we built 180 models. All the machine learning algorithms tests were performed using 10-folds cross-validation and we selected the algorithm with the best results (XGBoost) to implement at RNAmining. Best F1-scores ranged from 97.56% to 99.57% depending on the organism. Moreover, we produced a benchmarking with other tools already in literature (CPAT, CPC2, RNAcon and Transdecoder) and our results outperformed them, opening opportunities for the development of RNAmining, which is freely available at https://rnamining.integrativebioinformatics.me/.
The Neurology Network Managers Meeting: 3 December 2020
Authors: Peel Charlie
Published: April 2021

Charlie Peel considers the topics covered in the recent Neurology Network Managers Meeting, which include the challenges facing neurology services during COVID-19, examples of innovation and how we can commission effectively for the future.
Reflecting on the first virtual MS Trust Conference, 2021
Authors: Naik Paru
Published: April 2021

The MS Trust conference is a fantastic event for MS health professionals to come together to learn, share expertise and focus on improving care for everyone affected by MS. Conference provides an opportunity for MS teams to update their knowledge on the latest developments in MS care and treatment and to network with other health professionals who share a special interest in MS. 2021 was the year to go virtual for this event for the very first time to continue this legacy.
Dysphagia: promoting nutrition and hydration
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: April 2021

The UK population is ageing, and increasing numbers of adults are living with swallowing difficulties. In this article, Linda Nazarko provides a brief overview on dysphagia and how to support individuals with dysphagia to remain well-nourished and hydrated.
The role of neuroplasticity in stroke nursing
Authors: Kennedy Niamh C
Published: April 2021

Background:

Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganise and change in response to experience or after brain damage. Neuroplasticity is an imperative component of recovery from stroke, and rehabilitation aims to capitalise on this during a patient's recovery.

Aims:

To highlight the role of neuroplasticity in stroke recovery and to explore how stroke nursing can use it.

Methods:

The paper is a narrative review of the literature on neuroplasticity and role of nursing in stroke recovery.

Findings:

Nurses can play a pivotal role in ensuring optimum conditions for neuroplasticity through a variety of means. These include the encouragement of repetition, integration of repetition into everyday tasks, creating a stimulating environment, educating stroke patients as well as their carers about the recovery process and working as part of multidisciplinary team.

Conclusions:

This paper highlights the important role stroke nursing can play in enhancing neuroplasticity during stroke recovery.
The observation and management of patients with orolingual angioedema associated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
Authors: Corns Jennifer
Published: April 2021

Background:

Orolingual angioedema (OA) is a recognised hypersensitivity reaction to tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). Due to the potential for airway compromise, unsurprisingly, it is often treated as anaphylaxis.

Aims:

To use a patient case study to demonstrate a more appropriate method of treatment.

Methods:

An observation of an acute stroke patient with rtPA-associated OA was made, and the management of her case is discussed.

Findings:

If rtPA-associated OA is driven by bradykinin, rather than histamine, following anaphylaxis protocol may not be the most appropriate treatment option.

Recommendations:

An alternative means of management is suggested as a contribution to best practice; however, further research into the mechanism behind rtPA-associated OA is needed. Further education for stroke teams and the updating ofstandardised protocols for the observation and management of OA to include the detail, frequency and duration of required mouth and skin inspection is recommended.
High frequency meta-ferroelectrics by inverse design
Authors: Vial Benjamin , Hao Yang
Published: April 2021

Composites with subwavelength features exhibit effective properties that depend on microstructure morphology and materials, which can be adjusted to obtain enhanced characteristics. We detail the systematic design of electromagnetic metamaterials composed of dielectric inclusions in a ferroelectric matrix that, under an applied voltage, present an optimized effective tunability higher than the bulk due to a nonlinear local electric field enhancement. The effect of volume fraction, losses, and biasing field on homogenized properties is investigated and the analysis of the photonic band diagram is carried out, providing the frequency dependence of the anisotropic effective index and tunability. Such metaceramics can be used in microwave antennas and components with higher reconfigurability and reduced power consumption.
Microring resonators on a suspended membrane circuit for atom-light interactions: erratum
Authors: Chang Tzu-Han , Fields Brian M. , Kim May E. , Hung Chen-Lung
Published: April 2021

This erratum corrects numerical errors which appeared in Supplement 1
of Optica
6, 1203 (2019)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.6.001203.
Incidence of lung cancer and mortality among civil construction industry workers: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cahuana Pinto Rita Stella Maria , Castro Panzenhagen Alana , Silva Oliveira Luis Felipe , Fonseca Moreira José Claudio , Schnorr Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2021

Background

The construction sector is one of the most stable growth industries in the world. However, many studies have suggested an association between occupational exposure in civil construction and lung cancer risk. Thus, this study aims to assess lung cancer risk in civil construction workers occupationally exposed to physical and chemical agents through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods/design

Studies will be identified by searching PUBMED, Embase, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and the reference list of included articles. Eligible study designs will be cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies that report occupational exposure to physical or chemical agents and lung cancer risk through mortality or incidence outcomes. A meta-analysis will be used to combine odds ratios (ORs) from case-control studies and relative risks (RR) from cohort studies. Two reviewers will independently screen articles, extract data, and assess scientific quality using standardized forms and ROBINS-E tool if available. Otherwise, the New-Castle Ottawa rating scale will be used. Any of those will also be used in combination with the GRADE approach for quality of evidence. Overall risk estimates and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be obtained using the random-effects model meta-analysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted following the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Results will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.

Discussion

This review will identify and synthesize studies investigating the association between occupational exposure in the construction industry and lung cancer. The findings will help governmental entities and researchers with evidence-based decision-making because they will integrate and validate the evidence on construction workers’ health effects due to occupational exposure.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42020164209
Cultivable and metagenomic approach to study the combined impact of nanogypsum and Pseudomonas taiwanensis on maize plant health and its rhizospheric microbiome
Authors: Chaudhary Parul , Khati Priyanka , Chaudhary Anuj , Maithani Damini , Kumar Govind , Sharma Anita
Published: April 2021

In the present study we examined the effect of nanogypsum and Pseudomonas taiwanensis strain BCRC 17751on plant and soil health using conventional and metagenomics approaches. Soil physicochemical properties and agronomical parameters of maize plants were reported to be better when applied with nanogypsum and bacterial inoculum together. When compared to control a significant increase in total bacterial counts, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) solubilizing bacterial population and soil enzyme activities (fluorescein diacetate, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, arylesterase and amylase) was reported in treatments. The metagenomics studies revealed dominance of beneficial bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae in treated soil. On the other hand some novel bacterial diversity was also reported in treated soil which was evident from presence of taxonomically unclassified sequences. Hence, it can be concluded that combined application of nanogypsum and Pseudomonas taiwanensis in maize help in improving the structure and function of soil which affects the plant health without causing any toxic effect. However, in situ validation of the prescribed treatment is required under field conditions on different crops in order to give maximum benefits to the farmers and the environment.
Vitamin-mineral supplements do not guarantee the minimum recommendations and may imply risks of mercury poisoning in dogs and cats
Authors: Zafalon Rafael Vessecchi Amorim , Perini Mariana Pamplona , Vendramini Thiago Henrique Annibale , Pedrinelli Vivian , Rentas Mariana Fragoso , Morilha Isabela Benelli , Fiuza Henríquez Lucas Ben , Conti Renata Maria Consentino , Brunetto Marcio Antonio
Published: April 2021

Given the importance of using the vitamin-mineral supplements to guarantee the minimum nutritional recommendations for pets in homemade foods, and hypothesizing that these products may contribute to toxic metals contamination, the present study aimed to determine the concentrations of essential minerals and toxic metals in vitamin-mineral supplements available in the Brazilian market and calculate if the amount recommended by the manufacturer guarantees the minimum recommendations of NRC (2006) and FEDIAF (2020), as well as calculating the amount of toxic metals that animals would consume, according to the amounts recommended by the manufacturer. Seven vitamin-mineral supplements were analyzed. The determination of essential minerals and toxic metals was performed using ICP-OES. Comparisons were made with the minimum recommendations for essential minerals, and with the maximum tolerated levels of toxic metals established by the FDA (2011), descriptively. Most of the vitamin-mineral supplements, in the quantities recommended by the manufacturers, do not guarantee the minimum recommendations of NCR (2006) and FEDIAF (2020) for the following elements: calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc. Only one supplement had detectable selenium concentrations. Three supplements provided more than 0.02mg of mercury/kg of body weight, the safe upper limit used to establish the maximum tolerated level of this element. It is concluded that most vitamin-mineral supplements do not meet the minimum recommendations for most essential minerals and, if formulated by untrained professionals, even with supplementation, homemade foods may still be nutritionally deficient. Furthermore, some vitamin-mineral supplements analyzed may imply risks of mercury poisoning in pets.
Consecuencias pedagógicas entre el alumnado de enseñanza básica derivadas de la COVID-19. Una reflexión en torno a los grandes olvidados de la pandemia
Authors: Sanz Ponce José Roberto , López Luján Elena
Published: April 2021

La pandemia de la COVID-19, que trajo consigo un periodo largo de confinamiento y el cierre de escuelas, ha supuesto un duro golpe a multitud de alumnos que se encontraban en situación de vulnerabilidad. Estos estudiantes han tenido dificultades para seguir el ritmo escolar en sus casas por diferentes motivos, de índole pedagógico, económico y/o cultural. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es descifrar y analizar el impacto y la realidad de las tres brechas educativas generadas a partir de la COVID-19: la brecha de aprendizaje, la brecha digital y la brecha escolar, para posteriormente elaborar una serie de propuestas educativas con el fin de reestablecer la equidad en el sistema educativo. La pérdida de aprendizajes, la no adquisición de ciertas competencias básicas, el desapego por la escuela y por la educación, el aumento de la tasa de abandono escolar, los problemas de índole emocional y psicológico, …, son algunas de las consecuencias que han sufrido y sufren los estudiantes. Estas consecuencias han afectado fundamentalmente a los alumnos más desfavorecidos, aumentando la inequidad del sistema educativo. Por ello, la puesta en marcha de políticas educativas destinadas a paliar estas consecuencias y la implementación de estrategias pedagógicas para reenganchar al alumnado hacia el aprendizaje, como por ejemplo: modificar el curriculum -flexibilizarlo-; desarrollar metodologías más motivadoras; establecer una enseñanza personalizada; potenciar la comunicación y las corresponsabilidad entre familia-escuela; implementar programas de educación emocional; vigilar el abandono educativo y atajar sus causas, …, son esenciales. El papel de los docentes también es muy importante, así como sus cualidades personales y su talante pedagógico. Aprender de los errores cometidos es una necesidad, ya que no es descartable nuevos periodos de confinamiento en los próximos años.
Keystone Flap for Reconstruction of Sacral and Ischial Pressure Injury
Authors: Tunjung Narottama , Putri Nandita Melati
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Reconstruction of sacral and ischial pressure injury offers great challenges due to its high complication and recurrence rate. Providing durable tissue coverage with minimal donor site morbidity is paramount while ensuring fast operative time for the patients who often possess multiple comorbidities. This study aims to present cases of sacral and ischial pressure injury reconstruction using a keystone flap.
Method: A retrospective study was performed by reviewing data from fifteen patients with a sacral and ischial pressure injury who underwent reconstruction using various types of keystone flaps in our center between 2019 and 2020.
Results: The patients’ age ranged from 10 to 83 years old (average, 40.5 years old). The average wound dimensions were 9.4 ± 3.1 cm x 6.5 ± 2.7 cm and the mean area of the defects was 52.3 ± 35.7 cm2, with the largest defect was 15 x 12 cm (141.3 cm2). Mean operative time was 140 ± 24.5 minutes with nine wounds were reconstructed using type IV keystone flap (60%) and six patients using type IIA (40%). Postoperative complications occurred in three patients (20%). Other patients resulted in uneventful complete healing.
Conclusion: The keystone flap is reliable, simple, has a fast technique, and minimal donor site morbidity to cover the defects of sacral and ischial pressure injury. Performing thorough debridement, choosing the right type of keystone flap, elevating the flap adequately to allow mobilization, preserving perforator “hotspots”, and suturing of the flap without tension are keys to achieve satisfactory results.
Memoria de trabajo y habilidades matemáticas en estudiantes de educación básica
Authors: Hernández Suárez Cesar , Méndez Umaña Juliana Paola , Jaimes Contreras Luis Alberto
Published: April 2021

Investigaciones recientes han evidenciado que la memoria de trabajo es esencial para el desarrollo de las habilidades matemáticas. El estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar la mediación de la capacidad matemática con respecto a la memoria de trabajo, en un grupo de estudiantes. El diseño es no experimental, cuantitativo y correlacional; para la evaluación de variables se utilizó la Batería Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil, y una prueba sobre habilidades matemáticas en un grupo de estudiantes de educación básica primaria. Los datos analizados indican que se encuentra una correlación significativa entre memoria de trabajo y las habilidades matemáticas en el grupo evaluado. Se puede apreciar que un entrenamiento de la amplitud de memoria de trabajo puede fortalecer significativamente las habilidades matemáticas de los estudiantes.
Crisis and Risks in Engineering Project Management: A Review
Authors: Alves Josivan Leite , Ferreira Edivan Alexandre , Nadae Jeniffer de
Published: April 2021

Goal: This paper performs a literature review to identify and analyze the main gaps related to crisis management and risk management in the engineering projects context.

Design / Methodology / Approach: A literature review research design was carried out merging bibliometrics, network and qualitative and quantitative content analysis. Data were obtained from the scientific database Scopus.

Results: Publications per year illustrates that in 2016 as concentrated the major number of papers. Only 1% of the authors published 4 papers about models for software engineering risks analysis and reduction. The paper distribution by country shows that the United States has the highest percentage, about 16% of the total. The network of co-occurrence of all keywords has three well-defined clusters.

Limitations of the investigation: The quantity of papers analyzed and the selection of a single database.

Practical implications: This research encourages project managers to develop pertinent skills for crisis management and risk management in the engineering projects context. Furthermore, this study can guide decision-makers on how to manage risks during the crisis, and also highlights the importance of creating a lessons learned database.

Originality / Value: The current study can contribute to companies catching lessons learned from literature, helping project managers to motivate the team during the crisis scenarios, to perform an effective struggle during the crisis, and to turn to the former position in a short time after the crisis.
APLIKASI TRACER STUDY BERBASIS WEB PADA UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
Authors: Adi Soetrisno Yosua Alvin
Published: April 2021

This study aims to integrate the alumni information system which has not been integrated at Diponegoro University. The alumni information system previously encountered problems, namely the absence of alumni database application standards, and there was no policy requiring students to fill and update the alumni database system. The application designed in this study can be a medium that connects faculties and also requires that each alumni can fill in the data in the database. The system development method used in developing this system is the V model. This application has the facility to update work data and first salary when working. Information entered into the application can facilitate primary data collection for accreditation purposes. In this application alpha testing is done using the blackbox testing method and in beta testing using a questionnaire distribution method to input applications. Of the graduates in 2017 there are 4521 alumni who have filled in the data well, and there is an increase in 2018 as many as 6487 which indicates that this application can be a means to meet alumni data needs.
RANCANG BANGUN BARCODE PRINTER SERVER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ACTIVEMQ CLASSIC DI RASPBERRY PI 3
Authors: Mufreni Sadr Lufti
Published: April 2021

Sistem antrean memiliki empat komponen yaitu modul monitor untuk menampilkan informasi antrean, modul printer barcode untuk mencetak nomor antrean, modul pengguna untuk menambah atau memproses data antrean, dan modul server untuk mengelola antrean. Ada kebutuhan untuk menampilkan daftar antrean di layar yang lebih besar dan ditempatkan di posisi yang tinggi. Jika ini dilakukan maka pendaftar akan kesulitan untuk mendapatkan nomor antrean karena modul printer barcode harus berada di dekat modul monitor. Hal ini disebabkan karena sistem tidak mendukung pemisahan modul. Penelitian ini membuat sistem untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut dengan cara mengubah alur penambahan data antrean. Alur dipecah menjadi dua modul yaitu modul messaging queue untuk menyimpan permintaan dari sistem antrean yang ada dan modul printer barcode untuk mencetak nomor antrean berdasarkan permintaan di messaging queue. ActiveMQ Classic dipilih sebagai implementasi dari messaging queue. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ActiveMQ Classic dapat digunakan sebagai printer server dan dapat dijalankan di Raspberry Pi 3. Pemilihan Raspberry Pi 3 dikarenakan sistem antrean yang sudah ada menggunakannya. Uji coba dilakukan untuk membuktikan bahwa penelitan berhasil menggunakan ActiveMQ Class sebagai printer server.
DIAGNOSIS KESEHATAN MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN LOKAL TERINTEGRASI SERVER BERBASIS VIDEO CONFERENCE
Authors: Saputro Tahap , Yudhana Anton
Published: April 2021

Teknologi kesehatan terus berkembang untuk mempermudah manusia memeriksa kondisi kesehatannya. Oleh karena itu dikembangkan teknologi Telehealth yaitu komunikasi yang membahas kondisi kesehatan seseorang. Penelitian ini merancang sistem untuk memberi kemudahan dalam mengakses solusi kesehatan yang lebih cepat dan tepat tanpa harus berpindah tempat dalam jangkauan jaringan lokal. Dengan sistem ini penanganan terhadap penyakit pasien dapat dilakukan lebih cepat karena menggunakan komunikasi client dan server yang dapat mengakses langsung data rekam medis, sebagai acuan penyembuhan pasien. Sistem ini, menghasilkan komunikasi kesehatan berbasis client server yang terintegrasi dengan data rekam medis pasien sekaligus menyediakan fitur videocall. Komunikasi dapat dilakukan bersamaan mengakses data rekam medis sehingga setiap pengguna dapat menemukan solusi yang tepat dan cepat untuk penanganan penyakit pasien. Server harus selalu terbuka untuk menghubungkan user. Server menampilkan setiap aktivitas user khususnya saat log in dan log out. Pengguna dapat memilih lawan bicara yang telah log in untuk penanganan pasien. Melalui kuisioner kinerja sistem, diperoleh 97,78% jawaban Ya, 2,22% jawaban ragu, 0% jawaban tidak. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan sistem berjalan dengan baik memanfaatkan jaringan lokal. Basis data rekam medis pasien berupa data dummy dapat diakses digunakan sebagai acuan penanganan pasien yang tepat.
PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI ENERGI SISTEM PENERANGAN PADA RUANG PERKULIAHAN DENGAN LAMPU LED BERDASARKAN ANALISIS ARUS CAHAYA
Authors: Pradanugraha Muhammad Arkhan , Rahardjo Amien , Aryani Dwi Riana , Husnayain Faiz
Published: April 2021

Penelitian peningkatan efisiensi energi selalu menjadi salah satu riset yang terus berkembang, termasuk pada sistem penerangan. Tidak sedikit sistem penerangan pada ruang perkuliahan saat ini yang nilainya masih dibawah standar. Sistem penerangan merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung penting kegiatan perkuliahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensimulasikan peningkatan efisiensi energi serta tingkat penerangan melalui analisis arus pencahayaan pada ruang perkuliahan Gedung K FTUI dengan dua tahapan. Pertama, melakukan pengukuran iluminasi semua ruang kuliah. Selanjutnya, mengevaluasi tingkat pencahayaan dengan analisis arus cahaya pada software dialux. Skenario yang digunakan yaitu penggantian jenis lampu yang dipakai dengan LED dan perubahan jumlah titik lampu yang terpasang. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan penggunaan lampu LED dengan arus cahaya sebesar 2500 lumen efektif meningkatkan tingkat pencahayaan ruang. Selain itu terjadi peningkatan efisiensi energi sebesar 40% dengan adanya penggantian lampu dari sebelumnya 2.240 kWh menjadi 1.339,2 kWh.
Diagnostic reasoning: relationships among expertise, accuracy, and ways that nurse practitioner students self-explain
Authors: Burt Leah , Finnegan Lorna , Schwartz Alan , Corte Colleen , Quinn Laurie , Clark Lou , Corbridge Susan
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To improve diagnostic ability, educators should employ multifocal strategies. One promising strategy is self-explanation, the purposeful technique of generating self-directed explanations during problem-solving. Students self-explain information in ways that range from simple restatements to multidimensional thoughts. Successful problem-solvers frequently use specific, high-quality self-explanation types. In a previous phase of research, unique ways that family nurse practitioner (NP) students self-explain during diagnostic reasoning were identified and described. This study aims to (a) explore relationships between ways of self-explaining and diagnostic accuracy levels and (b) compare differences between students of varying expertise in terms of ways of self-explaining and diagnostic accuracy levels. Identifying high-quality diagnostic reasoning self-explanation types may facilitate development of more refined self-explanation educational strategies.

Methods

Thirty-seven family NP students enrolled in the Doctor of Nursing Practice program at a large, Midwestern university diagnosed three written case studies while self-explaining. During the quantitative phase of a content analysis, associational and comparative data analysis techniques were applied.

Results

Expert students voiced significantly more clinical and biological inference self-explanations than did novice students. Diagnostic accuracy scores were significantly associated with biological inference scores. Clinical and biological inference scores accounted for 27% of the variance in diagnostic accuracy scores, with biological inference scores significantly influencing diagnostic accuracy scores.

Conclusions

Not only were biologically focused self-explanations associated with diagnostic accuracy, but also their spoken frequency influenced levels of diagnostic accuracy. Educational curricula should support students to view patient presentations in terms of underlying biology from the onset of their education.
Mathematical analysis of the impact of vaccination and poor sanitation on the dynamics of poliomyelitis
Authors: Bornaa Christopher S. , Seidu Baba , Makinde Oluwole D.
Published: April 2021

A deterministic model is developed to study the dynamics of poliomyelitis virus infection with vaccination in a population with insanitary conditions. The polio-free equilibrium is shown to be locally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number is less than one but global stability requires other conditions to be satisfied. The spread of the disease is also shown to be sensitive to the average contact rate with the faecal matter of the infectious individuals, the transmission probability, natural death rate and vaccination, probabilities of the exposed individuals progressing to the non-paralytic and paralytic classes, the open defecation parameter and the polio-induced death rate. Other interesting results are illustrated through numerical simulation of the model.
Exploring the Cave Rock Art of Siberian Trans-Baikal: Fertility, Shamanism, and Gender
Authors: Ponomareva Irina Alexandrovna
Published: April 2021

The paper explores the phenomenon of rock art found in and around rock art cavities in Trans-Baikal region of South-East Siberia. Although many researchers noticed that caves have had a special value in cultures around the globe, no research has been carried out specifically into the cave rock art of Trans-Baikal which was not distinguished from other rock art found in open localities and shelters. This study was conducted based on field data collected by the author in 2017. In order to answer the question whether the cave sites had a specific role in the cultures of Bronze Age Trans-Baikal, the sets of motifs of the cave sites were compared to those of the closest open sites. Drawing on the stylistic difference revealed by the analysis and landscape context, it is suggested that the cave rock art sites could be places where rituals of more restricted nature took place. Ethnographic records may imply that these ceremonies were aimed at the fertility increasing being performed by shamans or shamannesses or without their assistance. It is also possible that the ceremonies could be gender-exclusive, conducted only for women, although this interpretation needs further research.
Effects of Training on Sand or Hard Surfaces on Sprint and Jump Performance of Team-Sport Players: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pereira Lucas A. , Freitas Tomás T. , Marín-Cascales Elena , Bishop Chris , McGuigan Michael R. , Loturco Irineu
Published: April 2021

We examined the effectiveness of training on sand and compared the effects of sand and hard surface training programs on the sprint and jump performance of team-sport players. PubMed MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were used in the literature search. A total of 377 records were initially identified, and 6 studies comprising 136 athletes were included in the meta-analysis. Precomparisons and postcomparisons showed that sand training interventions were effective at improving both jump and sprint capacities. When comparing sand and hard surfaces, no significant differences in favor of any of the interventions were observed. In summary, this review revealed that sand training is an efficient strategy to improve jump and sprint performances in team-sport players. Moreover, sand surfaces produced similar gains to those observed after hard surface training schemes. Strength and conditioning coaches and sport scientists who work with team sports can use both sand and hard surface training programs as part of their regular training practices, during distinct phases of the season.
A Review of Nonscientific Factors Contributing to the Development of Terrestrial Ecosystem Conservation Policies and Practices in Iceland
Authors: Lojeski Cezanne S. , Plante Alain F.
Published: April 2021

Terrestrial ecosystems in Iceland have undergone tremendous alterations and degradation ever since the Norse first settled there in 870 C.E. Soon after recognizing the value of their land, the Norse tried to restore the damage they had done. Initial environmental protection efforts like these eventually gave way to a deep-rooted Icelandic environmentalism in the early 1900s that was both resolute and idealistic. A widespread ecological movement in the 1970s then later brought forth an ideological shift: calls for Icelandic environmental policy to be more heavily rooted in the sciences. Nevertheless, there are a number of nonscientific factors still contributing to the development of current land conservation policies and practices in Iceland. This article analyzes two case studies: The first considers the development of the 2004–2008 Nature Conservation Strategy of Iceland, while the second examines reforestation policy regarding nonnative Alaskan Nootka Lupin. Both cases speak to these nonscientific factors and how they are intrinsically embedded in environmental policy development in Iceland. These factors include the issues of conceptual clarity (or lack thereof), aesthetic values, conflicting interests, and personal values. Anthropogenically induced environmental impacts have been continually and increasingly felt all across the globe. This case study is therefore not only timely, but it also exemplifies how environmental policy may be developed in responses to these impacts.
Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun PCL/Silk Fibroin Scaffolds
Authors: Govorčin Bajsić Emi , Holjevac Grgurić T. , Mijović Budimir , Vrgoč Zimić I. , Dolenec T. , Kuzmić S. , Mrkonjić N. , Tominac Trcin M. , Slivac Igor , Zdraveva Emilija
Published: April 2021

Natural polymer-based scaffolds are generally considered as favourable matrices for

the adhesion and growth of cells in tissue repair. One of the most popular materials in

this respect is silk fibroin, known for its wide usage in biomedical applications. This work focuses on the development of electrospun scaffolds based on poly(ε-caprolactone)

(PCL) and silk fibroin (SF) evaluated regarding the SF effect on their morphology, surface wetting ability, thermal properties, and HaCaT model cell line biocompatibility. The

study revealed that the lowest PCL/SF concentration resulted in highest bead-like morphology formation, relatively thick fibers with the presence of random beads in the case of PCL, while uniform and thinner fibers in the case of increasing PCL/SF content scaffolds. The addition of SF reduced the degree of crystallinity in the PCL due to the less

organized crystal structure, and decreased its thermal stability. Both SEM and MTT analyses showed cell presence on all scaffolds three days after cell seeding. Although SF

improved PCL hydrophilicity, as shown quantitatively by the MTT assay for improved

cytocompatibility properties, more structured electrospun PCL/SF scaffold strategies are

required.
GENETICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Impact of race and sex on genetic causes of aldosterone-producing adenomas
Authors: Nanba Kazutaka , Rainey William E
Published: April 2021

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension. Recent technological advances in genetic analysis have provided a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease. The application of next-generation sequencing has resulted in the identification of somatic mutations in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), a major subtype of PA. Based on the recent findings using a sequencing method that selectively targets the tumor region where aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) is expressed, the vast majority of APAs appear to harbor a somatic mutation in one of the aldosterone-driver genes, including KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3, CACNA1D, CACNA1H, and CLCN2. Mutations in these genes alter intracellular ion homeostasis and enhance aldosterone production. In a small subset of APAs, somatic activating mutations in the CTNNB1 gene, which encodes β-catenin, have also been detected. Accumulating evidence suggests that race and sex impact the somatic mutation spectrum of APA. Specifically, somatic mutations in the KCNJ5 gene, encoding an inwardly rectifying K+ channel, are common in APAs from Asian populations as well as women regardless of race. Associations between APA histology, genotype, and patient clinical characteristics have also been proposed, suggesting a potential need to consider race and sex for the management of PA patients. Herein, we review recent findings regarding somatic mutations in APA and discuss potential roles of race and sex on the pathophysiology of APA as well as possible clinical implications.
Mechanical behavior and electrical conductivity of zinc-oxide ceramics
Authors:   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Ostroverkh Y. M. , Polishko I. O. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Brodnikovskyi D. M. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Kovalenko L. L. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Samelyuk A. V. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Vasylyev O. D. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Ostroverkh A. S. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

Ceramics sintered from zinc oxide powders, which differ in crystal structure, particle size and amount and type of impurities, have been studied for their mechanical behavior (strength and micromechanisms of biaxial bending at room temperature) and electrical conductivity depending on the purity of ZnO powder (99,9% byweight — type I and 99,5% byweight — type II) and its sintering temperature in the interval from 800 to 1250 ºC for 2 hours. It is found that the maximum values of strength and electrical conductivity are achieved in ZnO-ceramics sintered at temperatures of 1100—1200 and 1000—1150 ºC, respectively, and their micromechanism of fracture is the cleavage only. ZnO-powder developed (type II), being twice as large as the purchased (type I), 300—350 nm instead of 150—200 nm, provides close to 100% density at 1100 °C, the type II powder is sintering at almost 100 °C lower temperature than the purchased one. Type I ceramics provide biaxial strength at room temperature of 150—170 MPa; type II — 120—160 MPa. ZnO-ceramics from powders of both types provide maximum electrical conductivities of 8,54 10-3S/ cm and 1,6·10-3 S / cm at temperatures of 265 and 600 ºC, respectively. The activation energy of the electrical conductivity of ZnO-ceramics is dependent significantly on the properties of the powder and, accordingly, the structure of the ceramics and the test temperature. Type I ZnO ceramics have a lower conductivity activation energy than type II, 0,2—0,3 eVand 0,3—0,5 eV, respectively. The mechanism of electrical conductivity of ZnO-ceramics type I is practically unchanged in all the interval of testing temperatures, from the room one to 600 °C. In ZnO-ceramics of the type II, it changes at least twice. Keywords: zinc oxide, ZnO ceramics, sintering temperature, porosity, grain size, micromechanism of fracture, bending strength, electrical conductivity, activation energy.
Anatomia Radiológica Vascular e desenvolvimento de plataformas de ensino interativo
Authors: Bittencourt Camilo Gustavo , Guedes Junqueira José Otávio , De Castro Teixeira Henrique Guilherme , Belleigoli Resende Alice , Fernandes de Oliveira André Gustavo , Batista Mendes Pedro de Freitas , Cumani Toledo Gabriela , Cruz Ferraro Matheus , Bandeira de Oliveira Junqueira Thais , Bandeira de Oliveira Junqueira Bruna
Published: April 2021

Anatomia e Radiologia são disciplinas amplamente presentes nas grades curriculares de cursos da área da saúde. A interseção entre a Anatomia Radiológica e as tecnologias recentes, como plataformas de ensino interativo, caracteriza-se como uma tendência a ser seguida na esfera educacional, sendo as implicações desse processo ainda não muito debatidas. O Departamento de Anatomia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora iniciou o desenvolvimento de um atlas de anatomia vascular radiológica, o qual apresenta versões impressa e interativa. Possui imagens de angiotomografias computadorizadas feitas em aparelhos multislice de 16 a 128 canais, sendo as imagens de arquivo pessoal dos organizadores. O atlas promove a identificação das estruturas vasculares em questão e propicia a integração do conhecimento adquirido em salas de aula com a visualização de exames de imagem complementares rotineiros. A indiscutível presença de exames de imagem adicionais na rotina dos profissionais da saúde atuais faz com que seja válida a estratégia de integração entre o método tradicional de ensino e as práticas ativas de aprendizagem, as quais vêm ganhando destaque recentemente, devido a sua efetividade na fixação de conhecimentos.
Conhecimento e atitude sobre diabetes mellitus em pacientes hospitalizados
Authors: Rodrigues Fernanda , Pinheiro Machado Gabriel , Sfoggia Romagna Elisa
Published: April 2021

Introdução: a educação em diabetes mellitus tem como objetivo orientar as pessoas e ajudar a enfrentar e atuar ativamente na prevenção de complicações que podem surgir com a doença.Objetivo: caracterizar os pacientes com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus (DM) internados em um hospital terciário do Sul do Brasil por meio da análise dos seus escores de conhecimento e atitudes em relação à doença.Métodos: realizou-se um estudo transversal com 69 pacientes entre os meses de setembro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizados três questionários: um sobre conhecimento do DM (DKN-A), outro acerca das atitudes psicológicas sobre a doença (ATT-19) e um último constituído por perguntas objetivas aplicadas por meio de entrevista, o qual avalia as características clínicas e sociodemográficas de cada paciente. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher.Resultados: em relação ao questionário DKN-A, 49 pacientes avaliados (71%) obtiveram boa pontuação (escore superior a 8 pontos), a qual está associada a um bom conhecimento do DM. Verificou-se que esses pacientes realizavam acompanhamento médico do DM de forma mais regular, consultando, no mínimo, três vezes ao ano (p=0,036). 66 participantes (95,7%) apresentaram baixa pontuação no questionário ATT-19.Discussão: grande parte dos pacientes avaliados têm bom conhecimento sobre o DM, entretanto, a baixa pontuação no questionário ATT-19 apresentada pela maioria dos pacientes indica dificuldade de enfrentamento da doença. O acompanhamento médico mais regular do diabetes mellitus pode estar associado a maior envolvimento do paciente no tratamento da doença, assim como maior e mais frequente fluxo de informações entre médico e paciente.
Historiografia e imagem
Authors: Gabrielly Mendes Fontanini Khyara
Published: April 2021

Há pouco tempo, historiadores como Paulo Knauss e Peter Burke afirmavam a importância das fontes visuais como objeto de pesquisa para a História, e que o encontro com as fontes imagéticas ocorreria em breve e seria necessária uma avaliação historiográfica sobre esse processo. Partindo da premissa de que essa renovação historiográfica já vem ocorrendo, este artigo pretende traçar linhas gerais sobre o tema Historiografia e Imagem no circuito internacional e nacional, ressaltando assim as “Viradas imagéticas” internacionais e os percursos de formação de redes intelectuais brasileiras que se dedicaram ao assunto, destacando, portanto, a renovação historiográfica nos programas de pós-graduação em História, pesquisadores relevantes, assim como obras e livros. Desta forma, compusemos uma pequena História da Historiografia sobre o uso de imagens como fonte histórica.
''Sou antipetista por um império de racionalidade''
Authors: Constante Bruno Erbe
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as publicações de Reinaldo Azevedo na mídia social Twitter. Serão explorados três diferentes momentos: as manifestações de junho de 2013; as narrativas sobre Dilma Rousseff no contexto das eleições presidenciais de 2014; e os protestos pós-eleitorais ocorridos entre o final de 2014 até dezembro de 2015, quando Eduardo Cunha aceita abrir o processo de impeachment. Para tanto, será utilizada a metodologia da análise do discurso político.
Propriedades físico-químicas da polpa de tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) e sua aplicabilidade na elaboração de sorvetes
Authors: Fernandino Cláudia Maciel , Nepomuceno Adriano Tertuliano , Fonseca Hugo Calixto , Bastos Rejiane Avelar , Lima Juliana Pinto de
Published: April 2021

Resumo O tamarillo, também conhecido no Brasil como tomate de árvore, tem ganhado projeção devido à riqueza de nutrientes e compostos bioativos que apresenta, sendo um candidato promissor para aplicação pela indústria alimentícia. Ressalta-se que a adição de frutas tropicais na elaboração de sorvetes desempenha papel fundamental tanto nas características finais do produto como na aceitação dos consumidores. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar físico-quimicamente as polpas de duas variedades de tamarillo e caracterizar físico-química e sensorialmente quatro formulações de sorvetes elaborados com a polpa do fruto. Para caracterização da polpa de fruta e do sorvete, foram realizadas análises de umidade, cinzas, carboidratos, proteína, gordura, acidez titulável, textura e overrun. Os sorvetes foram analisados sensorialmente para os atributos de cor, sabor, textura, impressão global e intenção de compra. Os parâmetros físico-químicos apresentaram diferenças tanto entre as variedades de tamarillo quanto entre as diferentes formulações de sorvete, exceto no teor proteico do fruto. Os valores de overrun dos sorvetes elaborados variaram de 66,41% a 92,30%. O sorvete adicionado de 20% de polpa de tamarillo roxo obteve a melhor nota no atributo sabor, 7,85. No geral, os produtos obtiveram boa aceitação. Conclui-se que a concentração e a variedade da polpa utilizada influenciam nas características do sorvete e que o tamarillo pode ser considerado uma fruta em potencial na fabricação do produto.