bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solid-State Nanopore-Based Nanosystem for Registration of Enzymatic Activity of a Single Molecule of Cytochrome P450 BM3
Authors: Ivanov Yuri D. , Vinogradova Angelina V. , Nevedrova Ekaterina D. , Ableev Alexander N. , Kozlov Andrey F. , Shumov Ivan D. , Ziborov Vadim S. , Afonin Oleg N. , Vaulin Nikita V. , Lebedev Denis V. , Bukatin Anton S. , Afonicheva Polina K. , Mukhin Ivan S. , Usanov Sergey A. , Archakov Alexander I.
Published: October 2024

Experimental methods of single-molecule enzymology allow scientists to determine physicochemical properties of distinct single molecules of various enzymes and to perform direct monitoring of functioning of enzymes at different steps of their catalytic cycle. The approach based on the use of solid-state nanopores is a promising tool for studying the functioning of single-enzyme molecules. Herein, this approach is employed for monitoring the functioning of cytochrome P450 BM3, which represents a very convenient model of cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenase systems. A nanopore of ~5 nm in diameter has been formed in a 40 nm-thick silicon nitride chip by electron beam drilling (EBD), and a single molecule of the BM3 enzyme has been entrapped in the pore. The functioning of the enzyme molecule has been monitored by recording the time dependence of the ion current through the nanopore during the reaction of laurate hydroxylation. In our experiments, the enzyme molecule has been found to be active for 1500 s. The results of our research can be further used in the development of highly sensitive detectors for single-molecule studies in enzymology.
The Role of Adipokines between Genders in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Economou Alessio , Mallia Ilenia , Fioravanti Antonella , Gentileschi Stefano , Nacci Francesca , Bellando Randone Silvia , Lepri Gemma , Guiducci Serena
Published: October 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by joint pain, stiffness, and limited movement. It presents significant intra- and inter-individual variability—in particular, between genders. Recent research has increasingly focused on the role of adipokines—especially leptin, adiponectin, and resistin—in the development of OA. Adipokines, peptide hormones primarily secreted by adipose tissue, are involved in crucial physiological processes related to metabolism and immunity. They can also impact bone and cartilage turnover by interacting with joint cells such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells, thereby linking inflammation with bone cartilage homeostasis. This review aims to elucidate the structure and functions of various adipokines, their serum and synovial levels, and their association with clinical presentation and radiographic progression in OA patients, with a focus on differences between sexes. A narrative literature review was conducted using three databases specifically analyzing sex differences. OA patients generally show elevated serum and synovial levels of leptin, chemerin, and visfatin, as well as high plasma levels of resistin and visfatin. In contrast, synovial levels of adiponectin and omentin are reduced in OA patients compared to healthy individuals, with an inverse relationship to disease severity, suggesting a potential protective role. Resistin and leptin were positively correlated with pain severity and radiographic progression, while adiponectin’s role in OA remains controversial. Regarding sex differences, male OA patients exhibited higher serum levels of leptin, chemerin, and omentin compared to healthy controls, with a positive correlation to the BMI and estrogen levels, potentially explaining the sexual dimorphism observed in this condition. Studies on visfatin and lipocalin did not reveal significant differences in synovial or serum levels between the sexes. The role of resistin remains controversial. Adipokines influence the joint microenvironment and contribute to the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the precise biological mechanisms are not yet fully understood due to the complex interactions between the metabolic, mechanical, and immune systems. Further research is needed to clarify their roles in OA and to identify targeted therapies for managing this degenerative disease.
Maternal Obesity Alters Placental and Umbilical Cord Plasma Oxidative Stress, a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jantape Thanyawan , Kongwattanakul Kiattisak , Arribas Silvia M. , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Pilar , Iampanichakul Metee , Settheetham-Ishida Wannapa , Phuthong Sophida
Published: October 2024

Maternal obesity has been shown to impair the oxidative status in the placenta and newborns, potentially leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term effects on the programming of offspring metabolic status. This study aimed to investigate the impact of maternal obesity on maternal and umbilical cord plasma oxidative status, as well as placental oxidative adaptation. Maternal obesity (n = 20), defined as a pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, and maternal leanness (n = 20), defined as a pre-pregnancy BMI < 23 kg/m2, were the group categories used in this study. Both groups were matched according to gestational age at delivery. Maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and placental tissue were collected to assess nutritional content (cholesterol, triglyceride, and protein), oxidative stress markers (MDA and protein carbonyl), and antioxidant activity (SOD and catalase). Placental protein expression (SOD2, catalase, UCP2, and Nrf2) was evaluated using Western blot analysis. Catalase activity in maternal plasma significantly increased in the maternal obesity group (p = 0.0200), with a trend toward increased MDA and protein carbonyl levels. In umbilical cord plasma, triglyceride, protein carbonyl, and catalase activity were significantly elevated in the maternal obesity group compared with the lean controls (p = 0.0482, 0.0291, and 0.0347, respectively). Placental protein expression analysis revealed significantly decreased SOD2 (p = 0.0011) and catalase (p < 0.0001), along with Nrf2 downregulation (p < 0.0001). An increase in mitochondrial antioxidant UCP2 expression was observed (p = 0.0117). The neonatal protein carbonyl levels positively correlated with placental protein carbonyl (r = 0.7405, p < 0.0001) and negatively correlated with maternal catalase activity (r = −0.4332, p = 0.0052). This study thus provides evidence that maternal obesity is associated with placental and fetal oxidative stress, alongside a concurrent increase in placental antioxidant UCP2 expression.
Real-Time Nonlinear Image Reconstruction in Electrical Capacitance Tomography Using the Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Wanta Damian , Ivanenko Mikhail , Smolik Waldemar T. , Wróblewski Przemysław , Midura Mateusz
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the potential of the generative adversarial neural network (cGAN) image reconstruction in industrial electrical capacitance tomography. The image reconstruction quality was examined using image patterns typical for a two-phase flow. The training dataset was prepared by generating images of random test objects and simulating the corresponding capacitance measurements. Numerical simulations were performed using the ECTsim toolkit for MATLAB. A cylindrical sixteen-electrode ECT sensor was used in the experiments. Real measurements were obtained using the EVT4 data acquisition system. The reconstructed images were evaluated using selected image quality metrics. The results obtained using cGAN are better than those obtained using the Landweber iteration and simplified Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The suggested method offers a promising solution for a fast reconstruction algorithm suitable for real-time monitoring and the control of a two-phase flow using ECT.
Gaussian Kernel Approximations Require Only Bit-Shifts
Authors: Cintra R. J. , Martinez Paulo , Leite André , Coutinho Vítor A. , Bayer Fábio M. , Madanayake Arjuna , Coelho Diego F. G.
Published: October 2024

An approach to approximate the 2D Gaussian filter for all possible kernel sizes based on the binary optimization technique is introduced. The approximate filter coefficients are designed as negative powers of two, allowing hardware implementation with remarkable savings in the chip area. The proposed approximate filters were evaluated and compared with competing methods using both similarity analysis and edge detection applications. The proposed method and the competing works for masks of size 3×3, 5×5, and 7×7 were implemented in a Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA. The proposed method showed up to a 60.0% reduction in DSP usage and a 75.0% increase in the maximum operating frequency when compared with state-of-art methods for the 7×7 kernel size case and a 48.8% reduction in the dynamic power normalized by the maximum operating frequency.
Artificial Intelligence in Retail Marketing: Research Agenda Based on Bibliometric Reflection and Content Analysis (2000–2023)
Authors: Haque Ahasanul , Akther Naznin , Khan Irfanuzzaman , Agarwal Khushbu , Uddin Nazim
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is fundamentally transforming the marketing landscape, enabling significant progress in customer engagement, personalization, and operational efficiency. The retail sector has been at the forefront of the AI revolution, adopting AI technologies extensively to transform consumer interactions, supply chain management, and business performance. Given its early adoption of AI, the retail industry serves as an essential case context for investigating the broader implications of AI for consumer behavior. Drawing on 404 articles published between 2000 and 2023, this study presents a comprehensive bibliometric and content analysis of AI applications in retail marketing. The analysis used VOSviewer (1.6.20.0 version) and Bibliometrix (version 4.3.1) to identify important contributors, top institutions, and key publication sources. Co-occurrence keyword and co-citation analyses were used to map intellectual networks and highlight emerging themes. Additionally, a focused content analysis of 50 recent articles was selected based on their relevance, timeliness, and citation influence. It revealed six primary research streams: (1) consumer behavior, (2) AI in retail marketing, (3) business performance, (4) sustainability, (5) supply chain management, and (6) trust. These streams were categorized through thematic relevance and theoretical significance, emphasizing AI’s impact on the retail sector. The contributions of this study are twofold. Theoretically, it integrates existing research on AI in retail marketing and outlines future research in areas such as AI’s role in the domain of consumer behavior. From an empirical standpoint, the study highlights how AI can be applied to enhance customer experiences and improve business operations.
Insecticide Resistance in Aedes aegypti from the National Capital Region of the Philippines
Authors: Malijan Richard Paul B. , Angeles Jason R. , Apilado Ariza Minelle A. , Ammugauan Mary Ann T. , Salazar Ferdinand V.
Published: October 2024

Human arboviral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika can be transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The insecticide-based vector control strategy is critical in reducing transmission of these Aedes-borne diseases but is threatened mainly by the emergence of insecticide resistance. Adult Ae. aegypti from the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines, were subjected to bioassays to determine their susceptibility to diagnostic doses of pyrethroid, organochlorine, and organophosphate insecticides following the standard World Health Organization insecticide susceptibility test. This study reports the detection of insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and organochlorine in Ae. aegypti from the Philippines for the first time. Most of the Ae. aegypti populations from NCR exhibited phenotypic resistance to permethrin, etofenprox, and DDT. Varying resistance levels to deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin were observed in the different mosquito populations, while all populations tested to malathion were susceptible to this organophosphate. This finding should alert public health authorities to consider modifying the existing vector management package for greater control efficacy. Best practices proven to prevent or delay the development of insecticide resistance, such as insecticide rotation, should also be implemented, while alternative chemicals with a different mode of action should be explored to ensure the continuing efficacy of program interventions.
No Evidence for Wolbachia Effects on the Thermal Preference of the Invasive Pest Liriomyza huidobrensis
Authors: Zhu Yuxi , Wang Xinyu , Wang Sibo , Song Zhangrong , Du Yuzhou
Published: October 2024

Heritable endosymbiont Wolbachia is prevalent among arthropods, serving multiple functions for their hosts. However, the role of Wolbachia in mediating thermal preference selection remains largely unexplored. In this study, we utilized a custom-built thermal gradient to evaluate the thermal preference (Tp) of 1367 individuals of the invasive leaf-miner Liriomyza huidobrensis with or without Wolbachia wLhui from Yunnan and Xinjiang populations. Under meticulously controlled conditions and with a vast sample size, we found no significant difference in the mean Tp between wLhui-infected and uninfected leaf miners from either population when host age and sex were not considered. Furthermore, generalized linear model (GLM) analysis revealed no significant correlation between average Tp and age, sex, or Wolbachia infection, nor interactions among these factors, except in the Xinjiang population, where Tp was strongly associated with host age. Finally, we discuss the ecological implications of these findings and propose future research directions on Wolbachia-mediated host Tp in the leaf miner. Overall, our findings do not provide evidence that Wolbachia significantly affects the thermal preference of L. huidobrensis. Further studies across different systems are needed to investigate the complex interactions between Wolbachia and insect thermal behavior.
Megaselia scalaris and Senotainia tricuspis Infesting Apis mellifera: Detection by Quantitative PCR, Genotyping, and Involvement in the Transmission of Microbial Pathogens
Authors: Rossi Franca , Iannitto Martina , Hulaj Beqe , Manocchio Paola , Gentile Francesca , Matto Ilaria Del , Paoletti Massimiliano , Marino Lucio , Ricchiuti Luciano
Published: October 2024

The Megaselia scalaris and Senotainia tricuspis parasitoid flies of the honeybee Apis mellifera were found to infest apiaries of different European and Mediterranean countries but their prevalence and impact on apiary health are little known. Therefore, in this study, quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based methods were developed for their rapid detection directly in hive matrices. The newly developed qPCR assays were targeted at the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for the M. scalaris and the cytochrome B (cytB) gene for the S. tricuspis. The tests were preliminarily applied to 64 samples of adult honeybees and hive debris collected in the Abruzzo and Molise regions, Central Italy, and the Republic of Kosovo showing that both flies occur in the two countries and more frequently in Italy. The positive apiaries in Italy were re-sampled by capturing viable forager bees and isolating emerging flies to carry out the genotyping and analyses aimed at defining if these flies can transmit honeybee pathogens. Genotyping based on the COI and cytB gene sequencing for M. scalaris and S. tricuspis, respectively, identified one S. tricuspis genotype and diverse genotypes of M. scalaris highly similar to those from distant countries. Some fly isolates harbored the DNA or RNA of honeybee microbial pathogens Paenibacillus larvae, deformed wing viruses A and B (DWVA and B), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic paralysis virus (CBPV), and Nosema ceranae. The results indicated that these parasites should be efficiently controlled in apiaries by using rapid detection methods to facilitate the large screening studies and early detection.
Arterial Thrombosis in Acute Respiratory Infections: An Underestimated but Clinically Relevant Problem
Authors: Babkina Anastasiya S. , Pisarev Mikhail V. , Grechko Andrey V. , Golubev Arkady M.
Published: October 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was increased interest in the issue of thrombotic complications of acute respiratory infections. Clinical reports and pathological studies have revealed that thrombus formation in COVID-19 may involve the venous and arterial vasculature. As thrombotic complications of infectious respiratory diseases are increasingly considered in the context of COVID-19, the fact that thrombosis in lung diseases of viral and bacterial etiology was described long before the pandemic is overlooked. Pre-pandemic studies show that bacterial and viral respiratory infections are associated with an increased risk of thrombotic complications such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, and other critical illnesses caused by arterial and venous thrombosis. This narrative review article aims to summarize the current evidence regarding thrombotic complications and their pathogenesis in acute lower respiratory tract infections.
Inflammatory and Metabolic Predictors of Mortality in Pulmonary Thromboembolism: A Focus on the Triglyceride–Glucose Index and Pan-Immune Inflammation Value
Authors: Bilgin Murat , Akkaya Emre , Dokuyucu Recep
Published: October 2024

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the importance of metabolic and inflammatory markers, specifically the Triglyceride–Glucose Index (TGI) and pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), in predicting mortality among patients diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Materials and Methods: A total of 450 patients diagnosed with PTE between December 2018 and December 2023 were included in his study. The diagnosis of PTE was confirmed by clinical presentation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). Data were obtained from medical records, including demographic information, medical history, laboratory results, and clinical outcomes. Results: In terms of age, non-survivors were older on average (66.1 ± 11.8 years) compared to survivors (58.3 ± 12.4 years) (p = 0.03). In terms of gender, 55% of non-survivors and 45% of survivors were male (p = 0.111). Non-survivors had higher BMIs (28.3 ± 5.1) than survivors (25.7 ± 4.5) (p = 0.04). In terms of hypertension, 40% of non-survivors and 30% of survivors had hypertension (p = 0.041). In terms of diabetes, 35% of those who did not survive and 20% of those who survived had diabetes (p = 0.001). In terms of smoking, 25% of non-survivors and 15% of survivors smoke (p = 0.022). In terms of TGI, non-survivors had higher TGI values (12.1 ± 1.5) than survivors (5.9 ± 1.2) (p < 0.001). In terms of PIV, non-survivors had significantly higher PIV (878.2 ± 85.4) than survivors (254.5 ± 61.1) (p < 0.001). The risk factors found to be significantly associated with differentiation in the multiple logistic regression analysis included age, BMI, TGI, and PIV (p = 0.005, p = 0.002, p = 0.013, and 0.022, respectively). As a result, according to ROC analysis for patients who are non-survivors, age, BMI, TGI, and PIV were significant prognostic factors. The cut-off points for these values were >60, >27, >10, and >500, respectively. Conclusions: the TGI and PIV are strong markers for predicting mortality in PTE patients. The independent predictive value of age and BMI further demonstrates their role in risk stratification. We think that high TGI values and PIVs reflect underlying metabolic and inflammatory disorders that may contribute to worse outcomes in these patients.
Bronchoscopic Diagnosis of Severe Respiratory Infections
Authors: Röder Maire , Ng Anthony Yong Kheng Cordero , Conway Morris Andrew
Published: October 2024

The diagnosis of severe respiratory infections in intensive care remains an area of uncertainty and involves a complex balancing of risks and benefits. Due to the frequent colonisation of the lower respiratory tract in mechanically ventilated patients, there is an ever-present possibility of microbiological samples being contaminated by bystander organisms. This, coupled with the frequency of alveolar infiltrates arising from sterile insults, risks over-treatment and antimicrobial-associated harm. The use of bronchoscopic sampling to obtain protected lower respiratory samples has long been advocated to overcome this problem. The use of bronchoscopy further enables accurate cytological assessment of the alveolar space and direct inspection of the proximal airways for signs of fungal infection or alternative pathologies. With a growing range of molecular techniques, including those based on nucleic acid amplification and even alveolar visualisation and direct bacterial detection, the potential for bronchoscopy is increasing concomitantly. Despite this, there remain concerns regarding the safety of the technique and its benefits versus less invasive sampling techniques. These discussions are reflected in the lack of consensus among international guidelines on the topic. This review will consider the benefits and challenges of diagnostic bronchoscopy in the context of severe respiratory infection.
Composites in Ballistic Applications Focused on Ballistic Vests—A Review
Authors: Karhankova Michaela , Adamek Milan , Krstulović-Opara Lovre , Mach Vaclav , Bagavac Petra , Stoklasek Pavel , Mizera Ales
Published: October 2024

The development of ballistic materials has improved very rapidly in the last few years. Body armor plays an important role in protecting individuals during military threats. Body armor can be divided into hard and soft variants depending on the trade-offs between protection levels and wearer agility. Current research aims to optimize strength-to-weight ratios by using different combinations of synthetic or natural fibers or their combinations to achieve increasingly demanding requirements for ballistic materials. Moreover, it examines the various types of fibers utilized in the construction of body armor, ranging from traditional materials like metal and ceramic to synthetic and natural fibers. This paper discusses ongoing research efforts aimed at further enhancing the performance of these materials, such as the incorporation of modified natural fibers into advanced composite systems. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the materials utilized in ballistic protection.
Proteomic Analysis of Human Serum Proteins Adsorbed onto Collagen Barrier Membranes
Authors: Shanbhag Siddharth , Al-Sharabi Niyaz , Fritz-Wallace Katarina , Kristoffersen Einar K. , Bunæs Dagmar Fosså , Romandini Mario , Mustafa Kamal , Sanz Mariano , Gruber Reinhard
Published: October 2024

Collagen barrier membranes are frequently used in guided tissue and bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to analyze the signature of human serum proteins adsorbed onto collagen membranes using a novel protein extraction method combined with mass spectrometry. Native porcine-derived collagen membranes (Geistlich Bio-Gide®, Wolhusen, Switzerland) were exposed to pooled human serum in vitro and, after thorough washing, subjected to protein extraction either in conjunction with protein enrichment or via a conventional surfactant-based method. The extracted proteins were analyzed via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic analysis of global profiling, gene ontology, and functional enrichment of the identified proteins was performed. Overall, a total of 326 adsorbed serum proteins were identified. The enrichment and conventional methods yielded similar numbers of total (315 vs. 309), exclusive (17 vs. 11), and major bone-related proteins (18 vs. 14). Most of the adsorbed proteins (n = 298) were common to both extraction groups and included several growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, cell adhesion molecules, and angiogenesis mediators involved in bone regeneration. Functional analyses revealed significant enrichment of ECM, exosomes, immune response, and cell growth components. Key proteins [transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP-5, -6, -7)] were exclusively detected with the enrichment-based method. In summary, native collagen membranes exhibited a high protein adsorption capacity in vitro. While both extraction methods were effective, the enrichment-based method showed distinct advantages in detecting specific bone-related proteins. Therefore, the use of multiple extraction methods is advisable in studies investigating protein adsorption on biomaterials.
Health-Related Field-Based Fitness Tests: Normative Values for Italian Primary School Children
Authors: Galvani Christel , Togni Fabio , Puci Mariangela Valentina , Vandoni Matteo , Correale Luca , Codella Roberto , Orizio Claudio , Montomoli Cristina , La Torre Antonio , D’Angelo Fabio , Casolo Francesco
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: conducting fitness tests in educational settings can lead to advantages for both individuals and groups, beyond just enhancing fitness. With the aim of appropriately interpreting performance, this study was conducted to establish sex- and age-specific percentile normative data for a physical fitness (PF) protocol and to define a compound measure of physical performance. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a short, feasible, and easy-to-administer test battery was performed for 5106 school children, aged 6–10 years. Gender- and age-specific percentiles for the PF tests were constructed, and a Physical Fitness–Motor Competence Performance Index (PF-MC PI) was calculated according to the percentiles. Results: Boys scored higher in all the PF tests when compared to girls (p < 0.001). There was also a trend towards increased PF levels as the age increased in both genders (p < 0.0001). Correlations between scores on individual test items were moderate to high (r from 0.549 to 0.700), and all individual test item scores significantly correlated with the PF-MC PI (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: the provided percentile values will enable the correct interpretation and monitoring of the fitness status of children and the PF-MC PI can be used for easily rating children’s health-related fitness qualities.
Chromosome-Scale Genome and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Differential Regulation of Terpenoid Secondary Metabolites in Hericium coralloides
Authors: Meng Kexin , Lv Junyi , Zhang Tuo , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Peng , Zhang Yue , Hu Banghui , Huang Qianhui , Xie Baogui , Fu Junsheng
Published: October 2024

Construction of the genome of Hericium coralloides, a species of edible mushroom, and identification of the genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis can determine the biology and genetics of terpenoids. The present study describes the assembly of a high-quality chromosome-scale genome of H. coralloides using Pacbio HiFi sequencing and Hi-C technology. This genome consisted of 13 chromosomes, a total size of 43.6 Mb, contigs of N50 3.6 Mb, GC content at 54%, and BUSCOs integrity of 96.9%. Genes associated with terpenoid biosynthesis were predicted by KEGG enrichment analysis and homologous alignment. The Her011461 and Her008335 genes, encoding proteins in the terpenoid backbone synthesis pathway, were found to encode geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl diphosphate synthases, key enzymes in the biosynthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a precursor of several diterpenoids. Her011463 was found to be involved in regulating diterpene cyclase. The Her005433, Her006724, Her010605, and Her010608 genes were found to encode sesquiterpene synthesis. Most of these genes were more highly expressed in dikaryotic mycelia than in the primordium and fruiting bodies, indicating that terpenoids may be more abundant in dikaryotic mycelia. To our knowledge, this study is the first to assemble the H. coralloides genome at the chromosome scale and to identify the genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis.
A Spectral-Based Blade Fault Detection in Shot Blast Machines with XGBoost and Feature Importance
Authors: Lee Joon-Hyuk , Okwuosa Chibuzo Nwabufo , Shin Baek Cheon , Hur Jang-Wook
Published: October 2024

The optimal functionality and dependability of mechanical systems are important for the sustained productivity and operational reliability of industrial machinery, and have a direct impact on its longevity and profitability. Therefore, the failure of a mechanical system or any of its components would be detrimental to production continuity and availability. Consequently, this study proposes a robust diagnostic framework for analyzing the blade conditions of shot blast industrial machinery. The framework explores the spectral characteristics of the vibration signals generated by the industrial shot blast for discriminative feature excitement. Furthermore, a peak detection algorithm is introduced to identify and extract the unique features present in the peak magnitudes of each signal spectrum. A feature importance algorithm is then deployed as the feature selection tool, and these selected features are fed into ten machine learning classifiers (MLCs), with extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost (version 2.1.1)) as the core classifier. The results show that the XGBoost classifier achieved the best accuracy of 98.05%, with a cost-efficient computational cost of 0.83 s. Other global assessment metrics were also implemented in the study to further validate the model.
Assessment of Alinity s Chagas® as a Primary Diagnostic Test for Chronic Chagas Disease in a Non-Endemic Area of Europe (Barcelona, Spain)
Authors: Abras Alba , Ballart Cristina , Fernández-Arévalo Anna , Llovet Teresa , Gállego Montserrat , Muñoz Carmen
Published: October 2024

Chagas disease (CD) has become a worldwide problem due to globalization. In Europe, most cases are imported and are diagnosed in the chronic phase by two serological tests, as recommended by the World Health Organization. Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIAs) are an emerging alternative to the diagnostic standard. We aimed to validate the CMIA Alinity s Chagas® as a primary diagnostic test for chronic CD following its replacement of Architect Chagas®, with an amended signal-to-cut-off (S/CO) ratio of ≥6. Laboratory results and clinical data were collected retrospectively from 774 sera from an at-risk population tested for CD in Barcelona during 2020–2022. Negative results required no further testing, and those with a S/CO ratio ≥ 0.8 were confirmed by a second serological assay, according to the common practice. Four per cent of the samples (31/774) were determined to be seropositive by Alinity s, 93.5% of which (29/31) had an S/CO ratio ≥ 6. Almost all the samples could be directly classified by the corrected S/CO. Alinity s Chagas® was validated as a single test for chronic CD diagnosis by raising the S/CO to ≥6. Its implementation could provide faster results and help reduce CD underdiagnosis in non-endemic countries.
Effect of Pouring Techniques and Funnel Structures on Crucible Metallurgy: Physical and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Feng Wenwen , Yao Wenkang , Yuan Lin , Yuan Ye , Li Yiming , Wang Pu , Zhang Jiaquan
Published: October 2024

In the planar flow casting process of amorphous strips, the flow behavior of molten metal and the inclusion content in the crucible are crucial to the morphology and magnetic properties of the material. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the effects of non-immersed and immersed funnels, as well as various funnel structures, on the fluid flow and inclusion removal efficiency in the crucible by integrating numerical and physical models. The findings reveal that for the same pouring flow rate, the diameter of the liquid column in non-immersed pouring conditions is smaller than that of the funnel outlet, leading to a faster injection flow velocity. As a result, the melt in the crucible is subjected to severe impacts, accompanied by an increased possibility of slag entrapment. Conversely, immersed pouring substantially reduces the velocity of the molten metal at the funnel outlet, thereby extending the residence time in the crucible and diminishing the volume of the dead zone. Additionally, the molten metal backflows due to the negative pressure formed in the inner chamber of the funnel. The design of a trumpet-shaped funnel increases the effective volume while reducing the height of the backflow fluid, consequently reducing the velocity of the molten metal at the funnel outlet and prolonging the residence time. Compared to the conventional pouring process with the non-immersed funnel, the outlet velocity is reduced from 1.1 m/s to 0.12 m/s by adopting the immersed funnel with an inverted trapezoidal trumpet structure. This reduction results in a stable flow state, a 9.69% reduction in the dead zone volume fraction, and a 22.96% increase in average inclusion removal efficiency. These improvements demonstrate that a crucible funnel with a well-designed structure and the implementation of an immersion process can significantly improve the metallurgical effects in the planar flow casting process.
RETRACTED: Shi et al. Effect of Final Rolling Temperature on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Alloy Sheets Prepared by Equal Channel Angular Rolling and Continuous Bending. Materials 2020, 13, 3346
Authors: Shi Laixin , Liu Lei , Hu Li , Zhou Tao , Yang Mingbo , Lian Yong , Zhang Jin
Published: October 2024

The journal retracts the article, “Effect of Final Rolling Temperature on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Alloy Sheets Prepared by Equal Channel Angular Rolling and Continuous Bending” [...]
Bose Metals, from Prediction to Realization
Authors: Diamantini M. C. , Trugenberger C. A.
Published: October 2024

Bose metals are metals made of Cooper pairs, which form at very low temperatures in superconducting films and Josephson junction arrays as an intermediate phase between superconductivity and superinsulation. We predicted the existence of this 2D metallic phase of bosons in the mid 1990s, showing that they arise due to topological quantum effects. The observation of Bose metals in perfectly regular Josephson junction arrays fully confirms our prediction and rules out alternative models based on disorder. Here, we review the basic mechanism leading to Bose metals. The key points are that the relevant vortices in granular superconductors are core-less, mobile XY vortices which can tunnel through the system due to quantum phase slips, that there is no charge-phase commutation relation preventing such vortices from being simultaneously out of condensate with charges, and that out-of-condensate charges and vortices are subject to topological mutual statistics interactions, a quantum effect that dominates at low temperatures. These repulsive mutual statistics interactions are sufficient to increase the energy of the Cooper pairs and lift them out of condensate. The result is a topological ground state in which charge conduction along edges and vortex movement across them organize themselves so as to generate the observed metallic saturation at low temperatures. This state is known today as a bosonic topological insulator.
Stress-Strain Behavior and Strength Development of High-Amount Phosphogypsum-Based Sustainable Cementitious Materials
Authors: Shi Ying , Li Yue , Wang Hongwei , Ma Yixuan , Lu Xinyue
Published: October 2024

Phosphogypsum is a common industrial solid waste that faces the challenges of high stockpiling and low utilization rates. This study focuses on the mechanical properties and internal characteristics of cementitious materials with a high phosphogypsum content. Specifically, we examined the effects of varying amounts of ground granulated blast furnace slag (5–28%), fly ash (5–20%), and hydrated lime (0.5–2%) on the stress–strain curve, unconfined uniaxial compressive strength, and elastic modulus (E50) of these materials. The test results indicate that increasing the ground granulated blast furnace slag content can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of phosphogypsum-based cementitious materials. Additionally, increasing the fly ash content can have a similar beneficial effect with an appropriate amount of hydrated lime. Furthermore, microscopic analysis of the cementitious materials using a scanning electron microscope revealed that the high sulfate content in phosphogypsum leads to the formation of calcium aluminate as the main product. Concurrently, a continuous reaction of the raw materials contributes to the strength development of the cementitious materials over time. The results could provide a novel method for improving the reusing phosphogypsum amount in civil engineering materials.
Study on Cavity Filling Defects and Tensile Properties of L-Shaped Profiled Rings
Authors: Hao Tiewen , Chen Junzhe , Zhang Tao , Qin Zhenyang , Wu Yunxin
Published: October 2024

Severe cavity filling defects and poor mechanical properties increase the difficulty in the integrated forming of L-shaped profiled rings due to its asymmetrical section geometry. A novel rolling method of a C-shaped ring was proposed in this study, and two symmetric L-shaped rings were prepared simultaneously. A numerical model of C-shaped ring rolling was established, and the cavity filling defects in different directions and the overall forming defect were defined for a qualitative analysis of the geometry’s accuracy. The effect of the rolling parameters on the forming defects and ring quality was investigated. The forming defects increased with an increase in the groove depth ratio as well as decreases in the groove angle and rolling ratio. The feeding strategy with a constant ring growth velocity led to the best geometric accuracy and strain uniformity of the C-shaped rings. Optimized rolling parameters can be acquired by the Box–Behnken optimization method with multi-objective optimization of the rolling stability and ring quality. An experiment of C-shaped ring rolling was successfully prepared, based on the optimized parameters. The hardness distribution on the cross-section was symmetric and uniform. The C-shaped ring showed obvious anisotropy of the tensile properties of the cast ring’s blank, and heat treatment had little effect on the improvement of the isotropy.
Correction: Zhao et al. Research on the Formation Conditions and Preventive Measures of Uranium Precipitates during the Service Process of Medical Isotope Production Reactors. Materials 2024, 17, 945
Authors: Zhao Yanli , Gao Yuan , Li Xinyue , Le Yi , Zhang Yang , Qiu Jie , Xin Yong
Published: October 2024

There were two errors in the original publication [...]
Experimental Study of Used Wind Turbine Blades for Their Reuse in Slope and Trench Protection
Authors: Buda-Ożóg Lidia , Halicka Anna , Broniewicz Mirosław , Zięba Joanna , Nykiel Damian , Jabłoński Łukasz , Broniewicz Filip
Published: October 2024

This article presents the results of an experimental study carried out to assess the possibility of using waste wind turbine blades as retaining wall structures for slopes and trenches. The use of Vestas and LM-type blades as retaining wall components was assumed, based on ‘columns’ made of Vestas-type closed profiles filled with concrete and ‘slabs’ of fragments extracted from LM-type blades. The results of the tests and comparisons of the displacement and strain values of the components obtained using different measurement methods are presented in this paper. The force–strain and force–displacement relationships obtained from the tests were used to validate numerical models of slope protection walls and excavations designed from used wind turbine blades. According to our research, there is a high degree of variability in the strength parameters and deformation of the composite elements made from the wind turbine blades. Therefore, in the case of this type of material, characterized by a significant variation in carrying capacity, deformability, and the nature of the failures, the use of different measurement methods makes it possible to obtain much of the data necessary for assessing the reusability of wind turbine blades in building.
Composite Materials Used for Dental Fillings
Authors: Wysokińska-Miszczuk Joanna , Piotrowska Katarzyna , Paulo Michał , Madej Monika
Published: October 2024

This article explores the properties of composite materials employed in dental fillings. A traditional nano-hybrid composite containing nanofiller particles exceeding 82% by weight served as a benchmark. The remaining samples were fabricated from ormocer resin, maintaining an identical nanofiller content of 84%. In all specimens, the nanoparticles were dispersed randomly within the matrix. This study presents findings from investigations into surface geometry, hardness, wettability, and tribological behavior. The microscopic observations revealed that ormocer-based samples exhibited greater surface roughness than those composed of the traditional composite. Hardness testing indicated that both ceramic addition and sample preparation significantly influenced mechanical properties. Ceramic-enhanced samples demonstrated superior hardness, surpassing the reference composite by 30% and 43%, respectively. Contact angle measurements revealed hydrophilic characteristics in the classic composite, contrasting with the hydrophobic nature of ceramic-containing samples. Tribological evaluations revealed the superiority of the classic composite in terms of friction coefficients and volumetric wear compared to ormocer-based materials.
Application of Experimental Studies of Humidity and Temperature in the Time Domain to Determine the Physical Characteristics of a Perlite Concrete Partition
Authors: Szymczak-Graczyk Anna , Gajewska Gabriela , Ksit Barbara , Laks Ireneusz , Kostrzewski Wojciech , Urbaniak Marek , Pawlak Tomasz
Published: October 2024

These days, the use of natural materials is required for sustainable and consequently plus-, zero- and low-energy construction. One of the main objectives of this research was to demonstrate that pelite concrete block masonry can be a structural and thermal insulation material. In order to determine the actual thermal insulation parameters of the building partition, in situ experimental research was carried out in real conditions, taking into account the temperature distribution at different heights of the partition. Empirical measurements were made at five designated heights of the partition with temperature and humidity parameters varying over time. The described experiment was intended to verify the technical parameters of perlite concrete in terms of its thermal insulation properties as a construction material used for vertical partitions. It was shown on the basis of the results obtained that the masonry made of perlite concrete blocks with dimensions of 24 × 24.5 × 37.5 cm laid on the mounting foam can be treated as a building element that meets both the structural and thermal insulation requirements of vertical single-layer partitions. However, it is important for the material to work in a dry environment, since, as shown, a wet perlite block has twice the thermal conductivity coefficient. The results of the measurements were confirmed, for they were known from the physics of buildings, the general principles of the formation of heat and the moisture flow in the analysed masonry of a perlite block. Illustrating this regularity is shown from the course of temperature and moisture in the walls. The proposed new building material is an alternative to walls with a layer of thermal insulation made of materials such as polystyrene or wool and fits into the concept of sustainable construction, acting against climate change, reducing building operating costs, improving living and working conditions as well as fulfilling international obligations regarding environmental goals.
Performance-Based Design of Ferronickel Slag Alkali-Activated Concrete for High Thermal Load Applications
Authors: Arce Andres , Komkova Anastasija , Papanicolaou Catherine G. , Triantafillou Thanasis C.
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to develop optimized alkali-activated concrete using ferronickel slag for high-temperature applications, focusing on minimizing environmental impact while maintaining high compressive strength and slump. A response surface methodology, specifically the mixture design of experiments, was employed to optimize five components: water, FNS-based alkali-activated binder, and three aggregate sizes. Twenty concrete mixes were tested for slump and compressive strength before and after exposure to 600 °C for two hours. The optimal mix achieved 88 MPa compressive strength before heat exposure and 34 MPa after, with a slump of 140 mm. An upscaled version with improved workability (210 mm slump) maintained similar unheated strength but showed reduced post-heating strength (23.5 MPa). Replacing limestone with olivine aggregates in the upscaled mix resulted in 65 MPa unheated and 32 MPa post-heating strengths. Life Cycle Analysis revealed that the optimized ferronickel slag alkali-activated concrete’s CO2 emissions were 77% lower than those of ordinary Portland cement concrete of equivalent strength. This approach demonstrated the applicability of mixture design of experiments as an alternative design methodology for alkali activated concrete, providing a valuable performance-based design tool to advance the application of alkali-activated concrete in the construction industry, where no prescriptive standards for alkali-activated ferronickel concrete mix design exist. The study concluded that the developed ferronickel slag alkali-activated concrete, obtained through a performance-based mixture design methodology, offers a promising, environmentally friendly alternative for high-strength, high-temperature applications in construction.
The Precision Improvement of Robot Integrated Joint Module Based on a New ADRC Algorithm
Authors: Wang Gang , Fang Shuhua
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the factors causing the precision error of the robot joint module, such as gear meshing disturbance, output elastic deformation, and load mutation. An improved active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) algorithm is proposed to overcome the uncertainty of nonlinear factors and variables of this research topic. The output precision loss of the joint module is introduced as a new input variable of ADRC, combined with the input variable of torque current of the joint module. The extended state observer is redesigned, and the online estimation of disturbance is realized. According to the disturbance estimation results, the current loop algorithm of permanent magnet synchronous motors is improved to compensate the torque disturbance of the robot joint module. The experimental results show that the improved ADRC algorithm can obviously suppress the disturbance of the joint module, weaken the meshing error and torque output deformation of the harmonic reducer gear, and improve the control accuracy of the joint module.