bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report
Authors:   Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal, Duarte Tiago , Caeiro Fernando ,   Serviço de Nefrologia Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal, Góis Mário ,   Serviço de Nefrologia Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal,   Laboratório de Morfologia Renal Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal, Matos António ,   Egas Moniz – Cooperativa de Ensino Superior CRL, Lisboa, Portugal,   Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz. Centro de Microscopia Electrónica e Histopatologia Egas Moniz. Campus Universitário, Monte de Caparica, Portugal, Viana Helena ,   Serviço de Nefrologia Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal,   Laboratório de Morfologia Renal Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal, Vieira César ,   Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal, Paulos Jorge ,   Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal, Paixão Paulo ,   Microbiologia, Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal, Matos Bruno ,   Anatomia Patológica Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal, Germano Nuno ,   Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal, Nolasco Fernando ,   Serviço de Nefrologia Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal
Published: October 2021

SARS-Cov2 infection is a highly transmissible disease associated with serious pulmonary disease. Renal involvement is frequent and associated with poor prognosis; however, mechanisms of kidney injury are not well established. We present a SARS-Cov2 patient with severe acute kidney injury. Kidney biopsy findings revealed a pattern of acute tubular necrosis with isometric vacuolization of the proximal tubule. The interstitium and glomeruli were normal. Electronic microscopy showed multiple viral-like particles in both the glomeruli and proximal tubule. This case study shows how SARS-Cov 2 infection can result in different kinds of kidney lesion.
Teachers' Perception toward Factors Hindering Learning Phonetic Transcription of Received Pronunciation
Authors: AL Najjar Fadi K.
Published: October 2021

This study aimed at identifying the teachers' teachers' perception toward factors hindering learning phonetic transcription of Received Pronunciation. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach to suit the aims of this study. The sample consisted of (150) male and female teachers at the governmental schools in Palestine. The instrument of the study is a questionnaire. Also, the tool has three domains in which the first domain is the teachers' factors. The second domain is the language factors, and the last is the curricula and courses factors. Validity and reliability were conducted for the questionnaire, therefore, the reliability is good. Data were collected through a link prepared through Google Drive. The responses were collected and treated by SPSS statistics. The results showed that the domain of language factors occupied the first rank with a percentage weight of ( 72.37%), Then the domain of teachers factors occupied the second rank with  a percentage weight of (66.95%). Finally, the domain of curricula and courses factors occupied the third rank with a percentage weight of (63.41%). The total degree of the domains reached a percentage weight of (67.58%. In addition, the results showed that there are statistically significant differences at (0.05) in the curricula and courses factors in favor female and there are no statistically significant differences in the other domains. Besides, there are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) due to years of experience variable. The researcher recommended the teachers to revise the rules of IPA and do efforts in practicing the use of phonetic transcription. Teachers should remember the irregularities of such English words as possible as they can to develop their schemata.
A Comparative Analysis of Boys’ and Girls’ Spelling Errors in Kiswahili Functional Writing in Secondary Schools in Kenya
Authors: Moochi Charles Nyandoro
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to establish whether or not there were gender specific spelling errors committed by boys and girls in Kiswahili functional writing.  The study adopted a triangulation approach in its theoretical framework.  As a result, three theories were used: Error Analysis by Corder, (1976), Interlanguage by Selinker, (1972) and Gender Social Role by Eagly, (1987). The study was carried out in Nyamira County, Kenya.  The sample comprised 326 Form Four participants of equal gender distribution drawn from eight public secondary schools.  Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the study participants.  The participants wrote a Kiswahili functional essay whereby spelling errors were identified and typified for comparison guided by proportion study criterion.  The data for this study were analyzed qualitatively using measures of central tendencies that involved use of means, frequencies and percentages. The study revealed that there were no gender specific spelling errors.  The finding would be central to curriculum developers in underscoring teaching of phonological awareness phonemic understanding, and phonics to both genders.  The finding also necessitates mounting of remedial phonological information, phonemic awareness, and phonics for the boys using information and communication technology systems and appropriate gender destereotyping instructional methods to bridge gender spelling gaps.  Finally, boys should be taught nonsense words with a view to improving their spelling ability.
PENGARUH KNEE TO CHEST DAN PELVIC TILTING EXERCISE TERHADAP FLEKSIBILITAS PUNGGUNG BAWAH PADA PEKERJA ADMINISTRASI DALAM AKTIVITAS DUDUK LAMA
Authors: Gerhanawati Ifa
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan : Aktivitas pekerja yang sering duduk lama akan merasakan kelelahan nyeri di bagian punggung bawah. Hal ini disebabkan karena penggunaan otot yang berlebih saat tubuh mempertahankan posisi statis dalam waktu lama. Jika posisi statis ini disertai dengan postur yang salah, maka otot-otot daerah punggung akan bekerja lebih berat untuk mempertahankan posisi tubuh agar tetap tegak, akibatnya terjadi stress atau strain pada otot, tendon dan ligamen. Dengan fleksibilitas dapat membuat tubuh lebih mudah dalam melakukan suatu gerakan dengan nyaman dan mencegah cedera serta perbaiki postur. Salah satu latihan gerakan pada William Flexion adalah knee to chest dan pelvic tilting. Tujuan : membuktikan pengaruh pemberian latihan knee to chest dan pelvic tilting terhadap fleksibilitas otot punggung bawah pada pekerja administrasi akibat aktivitas duduk lama. Fleksibilitas  punggung bawah di ukur dengan modified schober test (MST) dan Inclinometer. Metode : penelitian eksperimental lapangan subyek wanita usia 25-35 tahun. menggunakan rancangan pre test – post test grup design. Variabel penelitian ini menggunkan variabel bebas dengan latihan knee to chest dan pelvic tilting, sedangkan variabel terikat yaitu fleksibilitas lumbal. Hasil : uji bebas kelompok 1 Inclinometer (p=0,007) MST (p=0,007), Kelompok 2 Inclinometer (p=0,017) MST (p=0,002), Kelompok 3 Inclinometer (p=0,000) MST (p=0,005), uji beda antar kelompok K1-K2 Inclinometer (p=0,516) MST (p=0,600), K1-K3 Inclinometer (p=0,011) MST (p=0,056), K2-K3 Inclinometer (p=0,003) MST (P=0,014). Kesimpulan : Dari ketiga kelompok tersebut hasil yang diperoleh bahwa untuk kelompok dengan latihan kombinasi knee to chest dan pelvic tilting sangat berpengaruh dibandingkan dengan melakukan salah satu saja latihan gerakan tersebut.

 

Kata kunci : Fleksibilitas, Inclinometer, modified schober test, latihan knee to chest dan latihan pelvic tilting exercise
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEPATUHAN DIET PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK MELALUI TERAPI HEMODIALISIS
Authors: Naryati Naryati , Nugrahandari Mahdalena Eni
Published: October 2021

Pendahuluan: Gagal ginjal kronik (GGK) merupakan suatu proses penurunan fungsi ginjal yang progresif dengan kadar derajat tertentu, sehingga memerlukan terapi pengganti ginjal berupa dialisis atau transplatasi ginjal. Tindakan hemodialisa dilakukan berulang-ulang dan dalam jangka waktu lama. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan beban kepatuhan diet pada pasien Gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialysis. Apabila kepatuhan diet tidak dilakukan dengan baik akan mengakibatkan kondisi pasien makin buruk. Salah satu cara agar kualitas hidup pasien membaik, perawat selalu melakukan edukasi pola diet yang baik dan sehat. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan diet pada pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik yang menjalani hemodialisa di RSUD Koja Jakarta Utara, tahun 2020. Metode: Dengan rancangan penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Ruang HD RSUD Koja Jakarta Utara (periode Bulan Desember 2020 s.d. Februari 2021). Variabel yang diteliti adalah pengetahuan, motivasi, dukungan terhadap kepatuhan diet pada pasien Gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani Hemodialisa. Teknik sampel accidental sampling dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data diambil dengan kuesioner. Hasil: Setelah diuji analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan alat bantu analisis statistik dengan jumlah sampel 96 orang, Ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan diet pada pasien gagal ginjal kronik di ruang Hemodialisa RSUD Koja Jakarta Utara. tahun 2020 dengan P-Value 0,043. Ada hubungan motivasi dengan kepatuhan diet pada pasien gagal ginjal Kronik di ruang Hemodialisa RSUD Koja Jakarta Utara, tahun 2020 dengan P-Value 0,037. Ada hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan diet pada pasien Gagal ginjal kronik di ruang hemodialisa RSUD Koja Jakarta Utara tahun 2020 dengan P-Value 0,036. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian dapat dipakai sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam merencanakan pengembangan program Rumah Sakit khususnya dalam kepatuhan diet pada pasien yang menjalani tindakan Hemodialisa melalui peran perawat dalam memberikan informasi dan edukasi dengan tingkat pengetahuan penderita Gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani Hemodialisis.
EFEKTIFITAS POSISI PRONASI PADA PASIEN COVID-19 DENGAN GANGGUAN PERNAPASAN TANPA INTUBASI DI RUANG ICU : LITERATUR REVIEW
Authors: Pujiastuti Diah , Larasasih Longoday Ireene Natalie , Ismandani Risa Setia , Tenggara Rocky Matius , Purba Theresia Bella
Published: October 2021

Problem: COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus which causes the main symptoms of fever, cough, chest tightness and dyspnea. Until the end of July 2021, there have been 3.331.206 confirmed positive cases of COVID-19, and the number of patients who have died is 90.552 with an increase of 1.893 people dying in a day1. Patients with COVID-19 who are critically ill and need to be transferred to the ICU are patients who experience severe illness characterized by dyspnea accompanied by hypoxemia. This condition allows the patient to experience decreased oxygen saturation and multi-organ failure.

Objective: This study was conducted to analyze the pronation position to increase oxygenation of COVID-19 patients with respiratory disorders in the ICU who were not intubated.

Method: The method used is a literature review. Researchers got 122 journals according to the chosen topic and screened according to the eligibility criteria and got five journals. Source searches were carried out through Google Scholar, PubMed web, Science Direct web, Springer Link web, Biomedcentral web and Medrxiv web.

Results: The research showed that the pronation position was able to improve oxygenation in COVID-19 patients with respiratory disorders who were not intubated.

Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 provide a spectrum of symptoms that vary from asymptomatic, mild symptoms, pneumonia, severe pneumonia, ARDS, to septic shock. The use of the prone position in moderate to severe respiratory disorders experienced by COVID-19 patients is considered safe enough to do.
PENGARUH KOMBINASI PIJAT ENDORPHIN DAN MURROTAL TERHADAP NYERI PERSALINAN KALA I DI PMB NY. N PASPAN KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Christiana Indah , Kusumawati Diana
Published: October 2021

Introduction: During labor, uterine contractions, cervical dilatation and stretching of the lower uterine segment cause pain. Pain during labor that is not resolved properly can affect the physiological mechanisms of a number of body systems. In addition to labor pain can be overcome with endorphin massage, can also be overcome with murottal therapy. Objective : To examine the effect of endorphin and Murrotal massage therapy on labor pain in the first stage at PMB Miss. N Paspan Banyuwangi Regency. Methods: The design of this study used Quasy Experimental with pre-test – post test control group. A sample of 20 mothers who gave birth were divided into 10 women who gave birth in the treatment group and 10 women who gave birth in the control group. The measuring tools used are questionnaires and observation sheets, the data collected is then tested with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank. Results: There is an effect of a combination of endorphin and Murrotal massage on labor pain in the first stage with a significant degree of < 0.05. Conclusion: The implication of this study is to reduce labor pain in the first stage of labor by using a combination of endorphin and murrotal massage.
Investigating Symbols And Messages in The Song and Music Video Of Paramore’s “Brick By Boring Brick” Using Peirce’s Triadic Analysis
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Yusuf Imran Said
Published: October 2021

This semiotic analysis using Peirce’s triadic theory to interpret the symbols contained in the lyrics and music video of Paramore entitled “Brick by Boring Brick”. The research applied descriptive qualitative method to reach the needed results. There are sixteen signs interpreted either in general interpretation or referred to fairy tales. By interpreted those signs we gain the intended message that the songwriter wanted to deliver, Those signs mentioned symbols like “Taste and smells” which meant the essence of the world. Also “Brick by boring brick” which referenced to the fairy tale of “Three little pigs” and fourteen more symbols interpreted in this research. The message which the songwriter tried to spread was for people to stopped dreaming a life just like in fairy tales which was always end in a beautiful ever-after and started learning to live in the reality. A life like in fairy tales are not real and better stopped trying to impress people and start improve instead.
The Use of Four-Square Technique to Improve Students’ Writing Ability
Authors: Yunus Yulianti , Dollah Syarifuddin , Munir Munir
Published: October 2021

This research was quasi-experimental research that aimed to find out the extent of the improvement students' writing ability by using the Four Square Technique on the descriptive text at students X SMAN 3 Takalar. the researcher took 53 samples, 28 students as the experimental group and 25 students as the control group. The research data was obtained by giving a pre-test and post-test and analyzed by using the Dependent Sample T- Test. The result of the data showed that students' writing ability improved. It was proved from score result of tobs (16,673) which was higher than ttable (2.052) and sig. P (0.05) was higher than sig.score (0.000). Students' writing ability improve by 0.1% after using the Four Square Technique from pre-test mean score was 65.07 and the post-test mean score was 75.14. So, it can be concluded that using Four Square Technique can improve students' writing ability in writing a descriptive text at students X SMAN 3 Takalar. By using it, students showed that they can be motivated in writing, students more easily generate and organize their ideas into a text so that students’ writing was more organized also easy to understand.
Needs Analysis of Agricultural English Teaching in an Indonesian Islamic Higher Education Context
Authors: Yunus Muhammad , Halijah Sitti
Published: October 2021

The research is the development of Agricultural English teaching materials at Universitas Muslim Indonesia. The purposes of this research are to (1) produce a type of Agricultural English teaching material suitable to be used by the students of Faculty of Agriculture UMI and to (2) discover why the students are learning English. The method used is research and development. The research site was at the Faculty of Agriculture UMI with the number of 50 respondents. The results showed that based on the student responses, 12 out of 42 topics occupy the highest percentage needed for Agricultural English teaching materials. Those 12 topics are as follows: rice, tomatoes, chili,  shallots, eggplant, papaya, rambutan, coconut, coffee, land, disease pest, and seeds. Then, the purposes of the students learning English can be categorized into two major groups, namely to anticipate competition in the workplace where the ability to communicate both oral and written is needed and to prepare themselves in the academic field both to complete S1 (undergraduate degree)  and to continue their studies S2 (master degree).
A Semiotic Analysis Of Emoticon Symbols on Whatsapp Messenger In Students’ Chat Activies
Authors: Hanafi Yoandini , D Muhammad Basri , Hadijah Hadijah
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out more about the meaning of semiotic and the use of emoticon symbols and how students view the use of emoticon symbols on WhatsApp messenger. This study uses a qualitative method. To collect data and determine research subjects, the authors used a questionnaire and observation as research instruments.

The results of this study prove that most students mean the meaning of each emoticon symbol on WhatsApp and often use emoticon symbols in chat activities on WhatsApp messenger. They often express feelings and expressions through the symbol emoticon. Two main points are discussed in this thesis. First, the semiotic meaning and use of emoticon symbols, and the second, students' views on the use of emoticon symbols on WhatsApp messenger.
Kualitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Pasien Peserta JKN-KIS di Bagian Rawat Inap RSUD Syekh Yusuf Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Nur Mutmainna  , Nurfardiansyah Bur  , Nurbaeti
Published: October 2021

Salah satu institusi pelayananan kesehatan yang menyediakan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat pengguna JKN-KIS adalah Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Syekh Yusuf Kabupaten Gowa. Berdasarkan pengambilan data awal pada tahun 2017 jumlah kunjungan pasien rawat inap sebanyak 11.957 orang, pada tahun 2018 jumlah kunjungan pasien rawat inap sebanyak 13.766 orang dan pada tahun 2019 jumlah kinjungan pasien rawat inap sebanyak 11.714 orang. Jenis peneltian ini adalah penelitian Kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 99 orang. Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner.  Analisi data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil analisis uji chi-square dengan α=0,05 menunjukkan bahwa nilai p-value untuk Aspek fisik p=0,006, Realibilitas p=0,169, Interaksi Personal p=0,643, Pemecahan Masalah p=0,055, Kebijakan p=1,000 dengan kepuasan pasien. Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat di simpulkan bahwa aspek fisik memiliki hubungan dengan kepuasan pasien, sedangkan realibilitas,interaksi personal,pemecahan masalah,dan kebijakan tidak ada hubungan dengan kepuasan pasien.
Bioakumulasi Logam Berat Chromium (Cr) dan Cadmium (Cd) pada Sedimen dan Kerang (Anadara Sp.) di Muara Sungai Tallo Kota Makassar
Authors: Hasri Ainun Nur , Gafur Abd. , Hasriwiani Habo Abbas
Published: October 2021

Permasalahan lingkungan pada perairan merupakan sumber pencemaran yang berasal dari kegiatan alam dan kegiatan manusia. Sebagian besar pencemaran berasal dari proses industri dan pertambangan, salah satu sumber pencemaran dapat berupa logam berat. Penyebab terjadinya pencemaran logam berat pada sebuah perairan biasanya berasal dari masukan air yang terkontaminasi oleh buangan limbah industri dan pertambangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bioakumulasi logam berat cadmium (Cd) dan chromium (Cr) pada sedimen dan kerang di sungai Tallo Kota Makassar. Metode penelitian ini adalah obsevasional dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil ini menunjukkan nilai BCF pada konsentrasi Cr <1 dan nilai BCF pada konsentrasi Cd >1 dapat diartikan bahwa semakin tinggi nilai BCF pada suatu organisme maka semakin cepat organisme mengakumulasi logam berat.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Fiqih Ibadah 4 Madzhab Berbasis Android
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Ma’mun Sukron
Published: October 2021

Melihat perkembangan masa kini, masyarakat semakin antusias ikut serta mengembangkan teknologi yang semakin canggih, begitupun dalam hal ilmu kepesantrenan yang pada masa ini banyak masyarakat yang terprovokasi dengan berbedanya pemahaman dalam praktik beribadah yang benar, sehingga menyebabkan saling berjauhan satu sama lainnya, karena keterbatasan ilmu dan kurangnya minat dalam mencari ilmu tersebut.  Solusinya yaitu perlu adanya sebuah media pembelajaran yang bisa menarik minat masyarakat untuk belajar memahami masalah Syari’at yang diikutinya terutama dibidang fikih supaya mudah dipahami dan menyenangkan. Penggunaan Multimedia dalam proses pembelajaran dinilai tepat dalam memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat. Maka selanjutnya akan dirancang bangun sebuah aplikasi multimedia dalam memahami fiqih ubudiyah empat madzhab agar bisa lebih meminimalisir dalam perbedaaan pemahaman dalam beribadah terutama yang berkaitan dengan hukum syara’. Tujuan aplikasi ini adalah sebagai media pembelajaran fikih untuk masyarakat, menggunakan metodologi Multimedia Developnent Life Cycle (MDLC) dengan delapan  tahapan yaitu, Identifikation, concept, design, material collecting, Assembly, testing, distribution dan publikation dengan hasil yang didapat berupa sebuah aplikasi multimedia pembelajaran fikih berbasis android yang lebih nyaman / mudah di gunakan berdasarkan pengujian sebesar 83% yang dapat berjalan di sistem operasi Android.
A Sociology of Viral Pandemics
Authors: Monk David
Published: October 2021

Sociology provides a framework for addressing the biosocial implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Social science in general, specifically sociology, examines the social implications of disease on social interaction, social structures, and society as a whole [1]. Our social order is a complex system of interrelated parts. Changes in the health and well-being of a population can have a significant impact on the normal function of society.

Viral disease has both anticipated and unanticipated consequences for society. It is inevitable that viral disease will spread through out large populations of people. This is particularly the case with respect to densely populated urban centers. The spread of disease is facilitated by our modes and frequency of social contact. The importance of wearing a mask and “physical distancing” are the key factors in addressing the spread of viral disease in a given population.
Significance of Social Support Among Black Mental Health Counselors: The Role of Counselor Educators and Supervisors in Combating Race-Related Stress
Authors: Patterson La Toya L
Published: October 2021

In general, mental health counselors face unique challenges in their job roles because of the population that they work with. However, Black Americans who worked in predominately White workspaces perceived race-based discrimination to be a real issue. Perseverative cognition related to work can cause an increase in the individual’s need to recovery because it maintains work-related stressors that deplete the individual’s resources further. The repetitive thoughts can lead to anticipatory cognition or stress, which makes the individual hyperaware or vigilant due to thinking they may experience racial discrimination or a racial encounter. Social support has been used to buffer the adverse effects that are caused by racial encounters. Social support has shown to have an influence on mental health by buffering the effects of stressors. Participants were provided a survey that include three questionnaires to complete. The results showed that the overall models for the two analyses were significant. However, the moderators for the analyses were not significant.
Comprehensive Analysis of Hexokinase 2 Immune Infiltrates and m6A Related Genes in Human Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xu-Sheng , Liu Jia-Min , Chen Yi-Jia , Li Fu-Yan , Wu Rui-Min , Tan Fan , Zeng Dao-Bing , Li Wei , Zhou Hong , Gao Yan , Pei Zhi-Jun
Published: October 2021

Background: Hexokinase 2 not only plays a role in physiological function of human normal tissues and organs, but also plays a vital role in the process of glycolysis of tumor cells. However, there are few comprehensive studies on HK2 in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) needs further study.

Methods: Oncomine, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to analyze the expression differences of HK2 in Pan-cancer and ESCA cohort, and to analyze the correlation between HK2 expression level and clinicopathological features of TCGA ESCA samples. GO/KEGG, GGI, and PPI analysis of HK2 was performed using R software, LinkedOmics, GeneMANIA and STRING online tools. The correlation between HK2 and ESCA immune infiltration was analyzed TIMER and TCGA ESCA cohort. The correlation between HK2 expression level and m6A modification of ESCA was analyzed by utilizing TCGA ESCA cohort.

Results: HK2 is highly expressed in a variety of tumors, and its high expression level in ESCA is closely related to the weight, cancer stages, tumor histology and tumor grade of ESCA. The analysis results of GO/KEGG showed that HK2 was closely related to cell adhesion molecule binding, cell-cell junction, ameboidal-type cell migration, insulin signaling pathway, hif-1 signaling pathway, and insulin resistance. GGI showed that HK2 associated genes were mainly involved in the glycolytic pathway. PPI showed that HK2 was closely related to HK1, GPI, and HK3, all of which played an important role in tumor proliferation. The analysis results of TIMER and TCGA ESCA cohort indicated that the HK2 expression level was related to the infiltration of various immune cells. TCGA ESCA cohort analyze indicated that the HK2 expression level was correlated with m6A modification genes.

Conclusion: HK2 is associated with tumor immune infiltration and m6A modification of ESCA, and can be used as a potential biological target for diagnosis and therapy of ESCA.
Familial Temperature-Sensitive Auditory Neuropathy: Distinctive Clinical Courses Caused by Variants of the OTOF Gene
Authors: Zhu Yi-Ming , Li Qi , Gao Xue , Li Yan-Fei , Liu You-Li , Dai Pu , Li Xiang-Ping
Published: October 2021

Objective: To investigate the clinical course and genetic etiology of familial temperature-sensitive auditory neuropathy (TSAN), which is a very rare subtype of auditory neuropathy (AN) that involves an elevation of hearing thresholds due to an increase in the core body temperature, and to evaluate the genotype–phenotype correlations in a family with TSAN.

Methods: Six members of a non-consanguineous Chinese family, including four siblings complaining of communication difficulties when febrile, were enrolled in this study. The clinical and audiological profiles of the four siblings were fully evaluated during both febrile and afebrile episodes, and the genetic etiology of hearing loss (HL) was explored using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Their parents, who had no complaints of fluctuating HL due to body temperature variation, were enrolled for the genetics portion only.

Results: Audiological tests during the patients’ febrile episodes met the classical diagnostic criteria for AN, including mild HL, poor speech discrimination, preserved cochlear microphonics (CMs), and absent auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Importantly, unlike the pattern observed in previously reported cases of TSAN, the ABRs and electrocochleography (ECochG) signals of our patients improved to normal during afebrile periods. Genetic analysis identified a compound heterozygous variant of the OTOF gene (which encodes the otoferlin protein), including one previously reported pathogenic variant, c.5098G > C (p.Glu1700Gln), and one novel variant, c.4882C > A (p.Pro1628Thr). Neither of the identified variants affected the C2 domains related to the main function of otoferlin. Both variants faithfully cosegregated with TSAN within the pedigree, suggesting that OTOF is the causative gene of the autosomal recessive trait segregation in this family.

Conclusion: The presence of CMs with absent (or markedly abnormal) ABRs is a reliable criterion for diagnosing AN. The severity of the phenotype caused by dysfunctional neurotransmitter release in TSAN may reflect variants that alter the C2 domains of otoferlin. The observations from this study enrich the current understanding of the phenotype and genotype of TSAN and may lay a foundation for further research on its pathogenesis.
Promising Applications of Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Hearing Loss
Authors: Huang Zilin , Xie Qiang , Li Shuang , Zhou Yuhao , He Zuhong , Lin Kun , Yang Minlan , Song Peng , Chen Xiong
Published: October 2021

Hearing loss is one of the most common disabilities affecting both children and adults worldwide. However, traditional treatment of hearing loss has some limitations, particularly in terms of drug delivery system as well as diagnosis of ear imaging. The blood–labyrinth barrier (BLB), the barrier between the vasculature and fluids of the inner ear, restricts entry of most blood-borne compounds into inner ear tissues. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been demonstrated to have high biocompatibility, good degradation, and simple synthesis in the process of diagnosis and treatment, which are promising for medical applications in hearing loss. Although previous studies have shown that NPs have promising applications in the field of inner ear diseases, there is still a gap between biological research and clinical application. In this paper, we aim to summarize developments and challenges of NPs in diagnostics and treatment of hearing loss in recent years. This review may be useful to raise otology researchers’ awareness of effect of NPs on hearing diagnosis and treatment.
Nucleosome Assembly and Disassembly in vitro Are Governed by Chemical Kinetic Principles
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Guo Mingxin , Zhang Fenghui , Shao Xueqin , Liu Guoqing , Xing Yongqiang , Zhao Xiujuan , Luo Liaofu , Cai Lu
Published: October 2021

As the elementary unit of eukaryotic chromatin, nucleosomes in vivo are highly dynamic in many biological processes, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, or transcription, to allow the necessary factors to gain access to their substrate. The dynamic mechanism of nucleosome assembly and disassembly has not been well described thus far. We proposed a chemical kinetic model of nucleosome assembly and disassembly in vitro. In the model, the efficiency of nucleosome assembly was positively correlated with the total concentration of histone octamer, reaction rate constant and reaction time. All the corollaries of the model were well verified for the Widom 601 sequence and the six artificially synthesized DNA sequences, named CS1–CS6, by using the salt dialysis method in vitro. The reaction rate constant in the model may be used as a new parameter to evaluate the nucleosome reconstitution ability with DNAs. Nucleosome disassembly experiments for the Widom 601 sequence detected by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence thermal shift (FTS) assays demonstrated that nucleosome disassembly is the inverse process of assembly and can be described as three distinct stages: opening phase of the (H2A–H2B) dimer/(H3–H4)2 tetramer interface, release phase of the H2A–H2B dimers from (H3–H4)2 tetramer/DNA and removal phase of the (H3–H4)2 tetramer from DNA. Our kinetic model of nucleosome assembly and disassembly allows to confirm that nucleosome assembly and disassembly in vitro are governed by chemical kinetic principles.
Highly Efficient Phosphorescent Blue-Emitting [3+2+1] Coordinated Iridium (III) Complex for OLED Application
Authors: Liu Zijian , Zhang Si-Wei , Zhang Meng , Wu Chengcheng , Li Wansi , Wu Yuan , Yang Chen , Kang Feiyu , Meng Hong , Wei Guodan
Published: October 2021

Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes are indispensable in the field of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs), while the improvement of blue iridium (III) complexes is as yet limited and challenging. More diversified blue emitters are needed to break through the bottleneck of the industry. Hence, a novel [3+2+1] coordinated iridium (III) complex (noted as Ir-dfpMepy-CN) bearing tridentate bis-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) chelate (2,6-bisimidazolylidene benzene), bidentate chelates 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-methylpyridine (dfpMepy), and monodentate ligand (-CN) has been designed and synthesized. The tridentate bis-NHC ligand enhances molecular stability by forming strong bonds with the center iridium atom. The electron-withdrawing groups in the bidentate ligand (dfpMepy) and monodentate ligand (-CN) ameliorate the stability of the HOMO levels. Ir-dfpMepy-CN shows photoluminescence peaks of 440 and 466 nm with a high quantum efficiency of 84 ± 5%. Additionally, the HATCN (10 nm)/TAPC (40 nm)/TcTa (10 nm)/10 wt% Ir-dfpMepy-CN in DPEPO (10 nm)/TmPyPB (40 nm)/Liq (2.5 nm)/Al (100 nm) OLED device employing the complex shows a CIE coordinate of (0.16, 0.17), reaching a deeper blue emission. The high quantum efficiency is attributed to rapid singlet to triplet charge transfer transition of 0.9–1.2 ps. The successful synthesis of Ir-dfpMepy-CN has opened a new window to develop advanced blue emitters and dopant alternatives for future efficient blue PhOLEDs.
What are we Really Aiming for? Identifying Concrete Student Behavior in Co-Regulatory Formative Assessment Processes in the Classroom
Authors: Gulikers Judith , Veugen Marijke , Baartman Liesbeth
Published: October 2021

Formative assessment has the potential to incite co-regulatory activities that foster student’s development of self-regulatory skills. Teacher often intend to use formative assessment to foster self-regulation. However, this requires purposeful interaction between students and teachers. To improve co-regulatory formative assessment implementation, research and professional development needs to pay attention to what co-regulatory formative assessment look like. This participatory study explores if and how the process of formative assessment–described in five phases of the formative assessment cycle –facilitates teachers to explicate concrete student and teacher behavior in their formative classroom that intends to stimulate self-regulated learning. Teachers of a longitudinal formative assessment professional development project participated in three activities in which a variety of data was collected. The results show that using the five phases of the formative assessment cycle helps to concretize co-regulatory formative assessment behavior that relates to various phases of regulation. They also show that starting from a student perspective, explicating expected student behavior and using this to explicate related teacher behavior, challenges teacher’s formative assessment intentions and implementations. The activities make teachers realize the importance of purposefully designing co-regulatory formative assessments. Teachers explicated examples describe actual student-teacher co-regulatory interactions in the formative classroom and they are found to differ in the extent to which they are teacher-directed or student-directed. This challenges our thinking on the co-regulation processes incited by formative assessments and how this can stimulate students to develop self-regulatory skills.
Targeted Sequencing of 242 Clinically Important Genes in the Russian Population From the Ivanovo Region
Authors: Ramensky Vasily E. , Ershova Alexandra I. , Zaicenoka Marija , Kiseleva Anna V. , Zharikova Anastasia A. , Vyatkin Yuri V. , Sotnikova Evgeniia A. , Efimova Irina A. , Divashuk Mikhail G. , Kurilova Olga V. , Skirko Olga P. , Muromtseva Galina A. , Belova Olga A. , Rachkova Svetlana A. , Pokrovskaya Maria S. , Shalnova Svetlana A. , Meshkov Alexey N. , Drapkina Oxana M.
Published: October 2021

We performed a targeted sequencing of 242 clinically important genes mostly associated with cardiovascular diseases in a representative population sample of 1,658 individuals from the Ivanovo region northeast of Moscow. Approximately 11% of 11,876 detected variants were not found in the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database (dbSNP) or reported earlier in the Russian population. Most novel variants were singletons and doubletons in our sample, and virtually no novel alleles presumably specific for the Russian population were able to reach the frequencies above 0.1–0.2%. The overwhelming majority (99.3%) of variants detected in this study in three or more copies were shared with other populations. We found two dominant and seven recessive known pathogenic variants with allele frequencies significantly increased compared to those in the gnomAD non-Finnish Europeans. Of the 242 targeted genes, 28 were in the list of 59 genes for which the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommended the reporting of incidental findings. Based on the number of variants detected in the sequenced subset of ACMG59 genes, we approximated the prevalence of known pathogenic and novel or rare protein-truncating variants in the complete set of ACMG59 genes in the Ivanovo population at 1.4 and 2.8%, respectively. We analyzed the available clinical data and observed the incomplete penetrance of known pathogenic variants in the 28 ACMG59 genes: only 1 individual out of 12 with such variants had the phenotype most likely related to the variant. When known pathogenic and novel or rare protein-truncating variants were considered together, the overall rate of confirmed phenotypes was about 19%, with maximum in the subset of novel protein-truncating variants. We report three novel protein truncating variants in APOB and one in MYH7 observed in individuals with hypobetalipoproteinemia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, respectively. Our results provide a valuable reference for the clinical interpretation of gene sequencing in Russian and other populations.
Characterizing the Brain Structural Adaptations Across the Motherhood Transition
Authors: Martínez-García Magdalena , Paternina-Die María , Desco Manuel , Vilarroya Oscar , Carmona Susanna
Published: October 2021

Women that become mothers face notable physiological adaptations during this life-period. Neuroimaging studies of the last decade have provided grounded evidence that women's brains structurally change across the transition into motherhood. The characterization of this brain remodeling is currently in its early years of research. The current article reviews this scientific field by focusing on our longitudinal (pre-to-post pregnancy) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies in first-time parents and other longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of parents. We present the questions that are currently being answered by the parental brain literature and point out those that have not yet been explored. We also highlight potential confounding variables that need to be considered when analyzing and interpreting brain changes observed during motherhood.
Clinical and Imaging Features of Patients With Encephalitic Symptoms and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies
Authors: Wang Jingsi , Qiu Zhandong , Li Dawei , Yang Xixi , Ding Yan , Gao Lehong , Liu Aihua , Song Yang , Li Cunjiang , Gao Ran , Wang Lin , Wu Liyong , Jia Longfei , Guo Dongmei , Zhou Aihong , Jia Jianping , Huang Liyuan , Qu Miao , Gao Li , Dong Huiqing , Hao Junwei , Liu Zheng
Published: October 2021

Background

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody (MOG-ab)-associated disease (MOGAD) has highly heterogenous clinical and imaging presentations, in which encephalitis is an important phenotype. In recent years, some atypical presentations in MOG-ab-associated encephalitis (MOG-E) have been increasingly reported but have not yet been described well. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and imaging features of patients with MOG-E in our center. Atypical phenotypes would be reported, which is expected to expand the spectrum of MOGAD.

Methods

We reviewed medical records of 59 patients with MOGAD diagnosed in our center and identified cases who had ever experienced encephalitic symptoms. Three hundred ten patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) were also reviewed, and cases with positive MOG-ab were identified. Besides, patients with chronically progressive encephalitis were identified from 13 MOG-E and 310 AE patients. We collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and outcome data to explore clinical and imaging characteristics in MOG-E, especially in the atypical phenotype of chronically progressive encephalitis.

Results

We identified 13 patients (7 males, 6 females) with MOG-E. The median age at onset was 33 years (range 13~62 years). Most (9/13, 69.2%) of patients showed acute or subacute onset of encephalitic symptoms. Brain MRI abnormalities were observed in all patients. The most common lesion locations on MRI were cortical/subcortical (11/13, 84.6%), deep/periventricular white matter (10/13, 76.9%) and corpus callosum (4/13, 30.8%). Brain MRI patterns were categorized into four phenotypes. The most common pattern was cortical encephalitis with leptomeningeal enhancement/brain atrophy (10/13, 76.9%). Eight (8/13, 61.5%) patients had a good response to immunotherapy. Four (4/13, 30.8%) patients with chronically progressive course were identified from MOG-E cohort. They showed leukodystrophy-like pattern, multifocal hazy lesions, or cortical encephalitis on MRI. With immunotherapy, they only showed mild or no improvement. We also identified four (4/310, 1.3%) patients with chronically progressive course from AE cohort. They had better outcomes than counterparts in MOG-E.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that encephalitic presentations in MOGAD had complex clinical patterns. Chronically progressive encephalitis may be a new phenotype of MOGAD. We recommend to test MOG-ab in subacute and chronic progressive dementia with leukodystrophy-like MRI lesions.
Collagen Fragments Produced in Cancer Mediate T Cell Suppression Through Leukocyte-Associated Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor 1
Authors: Vijver Saskia V. , Singh Akashdip , Mommers-Elshof Eline T. A. M. , Meeldijk Jan , Copeland Ronald , Boon Louis , Langermann Sol , Flies Dallas , Meyaard Linde , Ramos M. Inês Pascoal
Published: October 2021

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex structure comprised of tumor, immune and stromal cells, vasculature, and extracellular matrix (ECM). During tumor development, ECM homeostasis is dysregulated. Collagen remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) generates specific collagen fragments, that can be detected in the circulation of cancer patients and correlate with poor disease outcome. Leukocyte-Associated Immunoglobulin-like Receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is an inhibitory collagen receptor expressed on immune cells in the TME and in the circulation. We hypothesized that in addition to ECM collagen, collagen fragments produced in cancer can mediate T cell immunosuppression through LAIR-1. Our analyses of TCGA datasets show that cancer patients with high tumor mRNA expression of MMPs, collagen I and LAIR-1 have worse overall survival. We show thatin vitrogenerated MMP1 or MMP9 collagen I fragments bind to and trigger LAIR-1. Importantly, LAIR-1 triggering by collagen I fragments inhibits CD3 signaling and IFN-γ secretion in a T cell line. LAIR-2 is a soluble homologue of LAIR-1 with higher affinity for collagen and thereby acts as a decoy receptor. Fc fusion proteins of LAIR-2 have potential as cancer immunotherapeutic agents and are currently being tested in clinical trials. We demonstrate that collagen fragment-induced inhibition of T cell function could be reversed by LAIR-2 fusion proteins. Overall, we show that collagen fragments produced in cancer can mediate T cell suppression through LAIR-1, potentially contributing to systemic immune suppression. Blocking the interaction of LAIR-1 with collagen fragments could be an added benefit of LAIR-1-directed immunotherapy.
VISTA Blockade Aggravates Bone Loss in Experimental Murine Apical Periodontitis
Authors: Yang Fuhua , Zhang Yifei , Chen Zhi , Zhang Lu
Published: October 2021

V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel coinhibitory immune checkpoint molecule that maintains immune homeostasis. The present study explored the role of VISTA in human and murine inflammatory tissues of apical periodontitis (AP). VISTA was upregulated in inflammatory tissues of human AP. In mice, the expression of VISTA gradually increased with the development of mouse experimental apical periodontitis (MAP), the CD3+ T cells, CD11b+ myeloid cells, and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells also gradually accumulated. Moreover, a blockade of VISTA using a mouse in vivo anti-VISTA antibody aggravated periapical bone loss and enhanced the infiltration of immune cells in an experimental mouse periapical periodontitis model. The collective results suggest that VISTA serves as a negative regulator of the development and bone loss of apical periodontitis.
Sarcoidosis Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Characteristics and HLA Associations
Authors: Wurm-Kuczera Rebecca Isabel , Buentzel Judith , Koenig Julia Felicitas Leni , Legler Tobias , Valk Jan-Jakob , Hasenkamp Justin , Jung Wolfram , Rademacher Jan-Gerd , Korsten Peter , Wulf Gerald Georg
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Extrinsic factors and genetic predisposition contribute to the etiology of sarcoidosis, converging in a phenotype of altered immune response associated with multisystemic inflammatory granulomatous tissue infiltration. Immunological reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may represent a unique window for the pathogenesis of the disease. We describe the incidence, clinicopathological features, and HLA associations of sarcoidosis after HSCT in a single-center cohort of patients, together with data from previously published cases.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics and HLA haplotypes from allogeneic (allo) or autologous (auto) HSCT patients from January 2001 through May 2021 at the University Medicine Goettingen (UMG), and data from previously published cases.

Results

A total number of 19 patients was identified. These included 4 patients from our center (3 allo HSCT and 1 auto HSCT) and 15 patients from the literature review. Thirteen patients had received an allo HSCT, and six patients had received an auto HSCT. Sarcoidosis occurred after a median interval of 20 (after allo HSCT) and 7 (after auto HSCT) months, respectively. The predominant HLA allele associated with sarcoidosis was HLA DRB1*03:01. Sarcoidosis involved the respiratory tract in 15 patients (three unknown, one without pulmonary involvement), and it was associated with graft-versus-host disease in 7 of 13 patients receiving allo HSCT. None of the donors or patients had a history of sarcoidosis before transplantation. Disease manifestations resolved with standard glucocorticoid treatment without long-term sequelae.

Conclusion

Sarcoidosis may occur at low frequency during reconstitution of the immune system after HSCT. HLA allele associations reflect the associations observed in the general population, particularly with DRB1*03:01. Further insights into the interplay between Tcell reconstitution and the development of sarcoidosis could also provide novel approaches to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis in sarcoidosis.