bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Environmental Effects on Fatty Acid Composition in Soybeans with Potential Use in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Hemingway Joel , Eskandari Mehrzad , Rajcan Istvan
Published: February 2015

Environmental effects on quantitative traits such as seed oil fatty acid composition in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] can significantly affect the performance of a given genotype when exposed to varying growing conditions. High linoleic acid oils have the potential to be used as raw materials for the production of polyols and polyurethane that can be used in the automotive industry. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the sources of variation affecting seed oil fatty acids profiles and (ii) to evaluate stability of soybean genotypes with different fatty acids across different environments. Fifty‐six soybean genotypes with altered fatty acid composition selected from two recombinant inbred line populations segregating for saturated and linoleic acids were used along with commercial high yielding cultivars. All genotypes were evaluated in southwestern Ontario, Canada, at three locations in 2008 and two locations in 2009, and data was collected for fatty acid composition as well as other seed and agronomic traits. Combined analysis of variances showed significant location and genotype × location effects for stearic and oleic acids. Genotype × environment effect was significant for unsaturated fatty acids plus seed oil and protein concentrations. The effect of genotype × year was significant for unsaturated fatty acids. Stability analyses using Francis and Kannenberg's mean coefficient of variation stability, Shukla's stability variance statistic (σ2), and Lin and Binns cultivar superiority measure identified genotypes E‐49 and E‐14 as being superior for high linoleic and low saturated fatty acids oil production for potential use in the automotive industry.
Optimization of the synthesis of N-alkyl and N,N-dialkyl thioureas from waste water containing ammonium thiocyanate
Authors: Milosavljevic Milutin , Vukicevic Ivan , Serifi Veis , Markovski Jasmina , Stojiljkovic Ivana , Mijin Dusan , Marinkovic Aleksandar
Published: February 2015

The optimized methods for N-alkyl and N,N-dialkyl substituted thioureas
synthesis starting from ammonium thiocyanates, waste water constituent from
the production of tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTS), and alkyl amine, are
presented in this work. Therefore, thioureas synthesis was developed in two
ways: Method I - reaction of the thiocyanate and alkylamine in the presence
of hydrochloric acid; Method II - reaction of the thiocyanate with benzoyl
chloride following by amine addition in the first step, and base hydrolysis
in the second step. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed
by IR, 1H and 13C NMR and MS instrumental methods, and purity was determined
by high-performance liquid chromatography method. It is shown that the
proposed methods offer a high degree of conversion and purity of product,
absence of by-products and technological applicability at industrial scale.
Considering importance of the tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) and TMTS as
vulcanization accelerators as well as thiourea as the pharmacologically
active compounds, it can be said that application of the optimized methods of
thiourea synthesis will provide significant improvement in sustainable
development and implementation of eco-friendly production technology. The
described, environmentally benign process of thioureas synthesis, represent a
suitable option to existing methods.
Radioactivity measurements in soils surrounding four coal-fired power plants in Serbia by gamma-ray spectrometry and estimated dose
Authors: Vukasinovic Ivana , Todorovic Dragana , Nikolic Natasa , Mihajlovic-Radosavljevic Ana , Nenadovic Snezana , Eremic-Savkovic Maja
Published: February 2015

The study of spatial distribution of activity concentration of 238U, 226Ra,
210Pb, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs radionuclides in the surface soil samples (n =
42) collected in the vicinity of four coal-fired power plants in Serbia is
presented. Radioactivity measurements in soils performed by gamma-ray
spectrometry showed values [Bqkg-1] in the range: 15-117 for 238U, 21-115 for
226Ra, 33-65 for 210Pb, 20-69 for 232Th, 324-736 for 40K, and 2-59 for 137Cs.
Surface soil radio-activity that could have resulted from deposition of
radionuclides from airborne discharges or resuspension of ash from disposal
sites showed no enhanced levels. It was found that variation of soil textural
properties, pH values, and carbonate content influenced activity levels of
natural radionuclides while radiocesium activities were associated with soil
organic matter content. Modification of some soil properties was observed in
the immediate vicinity (<1 km) of power plants where the soil was more
alkaline with coarser particles (0.2-0.05 mm) and carbonates accumulated.
Calculated average values of the absorbed gamma dose rate and annual external
effective dose originating from the terrestrial radionuclides were 69.4 nGy/h
and 0.085 mSv, respectively.
A clinical implementation of in vivo dosimetry with n-type Isorad semiconductor diodes
Authors: Rutonjski Laza , Petrovic Borislava , Baucal Milutin , Teodorovic Milan , Cudic Ozren , Basaric Borko
Published: February 2015

The study was aimed to check the radiotherapy treatment accuracy and
definition of action levels during implementation of in vivo dosimetry as a
part of quality assurance program. The calibration and correction factors for
in vivo entrance dose measurements for six n-type Isorad semiconductor diodes
were determined as recommended by the European Society for Radiotherapy and
Oncology Booklet No. 5. The patients for in vivo measurements have been
divided in groups, according to the treatment site/techique, in order to
investigate and detect the groups where the uncertainty was larger or where a
systematic error occurred. The tolerance/action levels for all groups were
also defined and checked. In this study, the entrance dose measurements were
performed for total of 451 treatment fields, and 338 patients over one year
period. The mean value and the standard deviation for different groups were:
breast +1.0% ? 2.89%(1 SD), brain, and head and neck - +0.74% ? 2.04%(1 SD),
and isocentric pelvis and abdomen - +0.1% ? 2.86%(1 SD). All measurements -
+0.72% ? 2.64%(1 SD). In our experience, systematic in vivo dosimetry proved
to be a very useful tool for quality assurance of patient's plan and
treatment, both in detecting systematic errors and for estimating the
accuracy of radiotherapy treatment delivery.
Body Dissatisfaction and Self-Esteem in Female Students Aged 9-15: the Effects of Age, Family Income, Body Mass Index Levels and Dance Practice
Authors: Monteiro Lilian A. , Novaes Jefferson S. , Santos Mara L. , Fernandes Helder M.
Published: February 2015

This study aimed to analyze the effects of age, family income, body mass index and dance practice on levels of body dissatisfaction and self-esteem in female students. The sample consisted of 283 female subjects attending a public school with a mean age of 11.51±1.60 years and a mean body mass index of 18.72 kg/m2 (SD=3.32). The instruments used were the Body Dissatisfaction Scale for Adolescents and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, both of which showed good internal consistency (0.77 and 0.81, respectively). The tests were applied (two-factor ANOVA) to compare the students practicing and those not practicing dance; the differences in the levels of body dissatisfaction (p=0.104) and self-esteem (p=0.09) were considered significant. The results demonstrated that age negatively correlated with body dissatisfaction (r=-0.19; p<0.01) and that higher body mass index levels were associated with greater body dissatisfaction (r=0.15, p=0.016) and lower levels of self-esteem (r=-0.17, p<0.01) only in non-practitioners. The practice of dance had a significant effect on levels of body dissatisfaction (F=4.79; p=0.030; η2=0.02), but there was no significant difference in self-esteem (F=1.88; p=0.172; η2=0.02). It can be concluded that female children and adolescents practicing dance have higher self-esteem, and are more satisfied with their body weight and their appearance. Moreover, results showed that self-esteem and body dissatisfaction were influenced by the body mass index levels only in the nonpractitioners group.
Soccer Practice and Functional and Social Performance of Men With Lower Limb Amputations
Authors: Monteiro Rogeria , Pfeifer Luzia , Santos Alex , Sousa Nelson
Published: February 2015

Practicing sports together with rehabilitative treatment improves the development of motor, social and emotional abilities of lower limb amputees. The aim of this study was to compare the functional and social performance of individuals with lower limb amputations between those who played soccer and those who did not engage in any sports activities. A total of 138 individuals participated in the study and were divided into two groups: soccer players (n = 69, 34 ± 8.1 years) and non-athletes (n = 69, 38 ± 8.9 years). A checklist, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, was used. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. The soccer players group showed significantly better performance than the non-athletes group in most items of body function, body structure, occupational performance components and daily activities (p < 0.001 for all), and also in some important items of social and environment factors (p < 0.001 for all). The results strongly suggest that amputee soccer significantly improves the functional and social performance in individuals with lower limb amputations.
The Acute Effect of Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction with Hemodynamic Variables on Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Araújo Joamira P. , Silva Eliney D. , Silva Julio C. G. , Souza Thiago S. P. , Lima Eloíse O. , Guerra Ialuska , Sousa Maria S. C.
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the heart rate (HR) before, during and after training at moderate intensity (MI, 50%-1RM) and at low intensity with blood flow restriction (LIBFR). In a randomized controlled trial study, 14 subjects (average age 45±9,9 years) performed one of the exercise protocols during two separate visits to the laboratory. SBP, DBP and HR measurements were collected prior to the start of the set and 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after knee extension exercises. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to identify significant variables (2 x 5; group x time). The results demonstrated a significant reduction in SBP in the LIBFR group. These results provide evidence that strength training performed acutely alters hemodynamic variables. However, training with blood flow restriction is more efficient in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive individuals than training with moderate intensity.
Influence of Resistance Training on Blood Pressure in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Menopause
Authors: Cardoso Glêbia Alexa , Silva Alexandre Sérgio , Araújo de Souza Alesandra , Pereira dos Santos Marcos Antônio , Brito da Silva Raquel Suelen , Mateus de Lacerda Lavoisiana , Motae Maria Paula
Published: February 2015

This study investigated the chronic and acute influence of resistance exercise on blood pressure in women with metabolic syndrome before and after climacteric. Twenty sedentary women, nine non-menopausal (RNM) and 11 menopausal (RM), performed training for 12 weeks. Meanwhile, 23 controls, 11 not menopausal (CNM) and 12 menopausal (CM), remained sedentary. Blood pressure was measured before and after the training period in conditions of rest and after a session of exercise. Training promoted variations in blood pressure at rest from 116±13 to 118±10 mmHg (p=0.73) and from 128±12 mmHg to 120±11mmHg (p=0.12) in RNM and RM, respectively. CNM and CM varied from 115±11 to 116±12 mmHg (p=0.9) and from 115±14 mmHg to 116±13 mmHg (p=0.74). Blood pressure values in one acute session did not differ between groups (p>0.05). Resistance training did not improve blood pressure in women with metabolic syndrome, regardless of climacteric.
The Swedish Drug Problem: Conceptual understanding and Problem Handling, 1839-2011
Authors: Edman Johan , Olsson Börje
Published: February 2015

Aim

To analyse the Swedish drug question by examining dominant concepts used to portray the problem in the years 1839-2011. Theoretically, we understand these concepts as ideological tools that shape the political initiatives and administrative efforts to deal with the problem. The study is based on two kinds of source material: articles in medical journals from the years 1839-1964 and public reports on vagrancy, the alcohol problem, mental health and the drug problem from the years 1882-2011.

Findings

During the nineteenth century and the first part of the twentieth century the drug problem remained an individual problem handled by doctors. When the Swedish drug problem was established as a political question from the 1960s on, it also came to disengage itself from the medical frame of understanding. Medically oriented descriptions of “dependence” and “addiction” have appeared adequate or attractive when, for example, the socially motivated coercive treatment solution has been discredited (as in the 1970s), when there has been a desire to connect with an internationally accepted terminology (as in the 1990s) or when a new organisational model with a stronger professional support has been on the agenda (as in the 2010s). But otherwise the social problem description has called for concepts that have more or less explicitly dissociated themselves from speculations in physiological or psychological predispositions for substance abuse.
Governmental Conceptions of the Drug Problem: A Review of Norwegian Governmental Papers 1965-2012
Authors: Skretting Astrid
Published: February 2015

Background

It is almost 50 years since the “new” drug problem appeared in Norway. How have central authorities conceived of the drug problem during these 50 years? On what have relevant policymaking and action been based? How has the government's conceptions of the drug problem been expressed over the years?

Data

White papers, action plans, bills etc.

Results

A review of the main policy documents shows how Norway adopted strict penal measures from the outset, while recognizing at the same time the need to apply an interdisciplinary approach to drug abuse and initiate various support measures for drug users alongside the penal measures. In recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on seeing drug abuse as a health-related problem rather than one of control. Substance abuse is today perceived more in terms of dependency or as a disease, and harm reduction is increasingly seen as a pivotal aspect of policy. People with drug problems were known until recently as substance abusers, though the preferred term today is “drug dependents”.

Conclusions

As such, one could say, Norway seems to have developed a “schizophrenic” view of the drug problem. On the one hand, the health aspects of drug abuse are increasingly central to thinking, while on the other penalties for drug offenses remain high. This health/penalty loop in turn seems to prevent the government from softening its stance on penalties - even if such a move were considered appropriate.
Effects of Vibration Therapy on Immobilization-Induced Hypersensitivity in Rats
Authors: Hamaue Yohei , Nakano Jiro , Sekino Yuki , Chuganji Sayaka , Sakamoto Junya , Yoshimura Toshiro , Okita Minoru , Origuchi Tomoki
Published: February 2015

Background

Cast immobilization induces mechanical hypersensitivity, which disturbs rehabilitation. Although vibration therapy can reduce various types of pain, whether vibration reduces immobilization-induced hypersensitivity remains unclear.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of vibration therapy on immobilization-induced hypersensitivity.

Design

The experimental design of the study involved conducting behavioral, histological, and immunohistochemical studies in model rats.

Methods

Thirty-five Wistar rats (8 weeks old, all male) were used. The right ankle joints of 30 rats were immobilized by plaster cast for 8 weeks, and 5 rats were used as controls. The immobilized rats were divided randomly into the following 3 groups: (1) immobilization-only group (Im, n=10); (2) vibration therapy group 1, for which vibration therapy was initiated immediately after the onset of immobilization (Im+Vib1, n=10); and (3) vibration therapy group 2, for which vibration therapy was initiated 4 weeks after the onset of immobilization (Im+Vib2, n=10). Vibration was applied to the hind paw. The mechanical hypersensitivity and epidermal thickness of the hind paw skin were measured. To investigate central sensitization, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was analyzed.

Results

Immobilization-induced hypersensitivity was inhibited in the Im+Vib1 group but not in the Im+Vib2 group. Central sensitization, which was indicated by increases in CGRP expression in the spinal cord and the size of the area of CGRP-positive neurons in the DRG, was inhibited in only the Im+Vib1 group. Epidermal thickness was not affected by vibration stimulation.

Limitations

A limitation of this study is that the results were limited to an animal model and cannot be generalized to humans.

Conclusions

The data suggest that initiation of vibration therapy in the early phase of immobilization may inhibit the development of immobilization-induced hypersensitivity.
Nobel Prize for Physical Therapy? Rise, Fall, and Revival of Medico-Mechanical Institutes
Authors: Hansson Nils , Ottosson Anders
Published: February 2015

This historical vignette explores the considerations of the Nobel Prize Committee for Physiology or Medicine by vetting the Nobel Prize chances of Dr Gustaf Zander (1835–1920). His way to stardom started 150 years ago when he began mechanizing the passive and active movements that physical therapists manually used to treat diseases. A glance at his machines shows that they parallel surprisingly well what can be found in modern fitness studios. By combining files from the Nobel Prize Archive and sources from the first physical therapists, this vignette pieces together why Zander was considered one of the best candidates for the Nobel Prize in 1916. By providing this glimpse of history, questions about the origin of physical therapy concepts and the profession of the physical therapist are raised.
Levels and Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Elderly People With Mild to Moderate Parkinson Disease
Authors: Benka Wallén Martin , Franzén Erika , Nero Håkan , Hagströmer Maria
Published: February 2015

Background

Decreased movement ability, one of the hallmarks of Parkinson disease (PD), may lead to inadequate physical activity (PA) and excessive time spent in sedentary behaviors—2 factors associated with an elevated risk for lifestyle-related diseases, poor management of PD, and premature death. To identify the extent to which people with PD are physically active, a comprehensive characterization of PA in this population is needed.

Objective

The study objective was to describe levels and patterns of PA and sedentary behaviors in elderly people with PD.

Design

This cross-sectional study involved a free-living setting and 53 men and 42 women (mean age=73.4 years) with mild to moderate idiopathic PD.

Methods

Time spent in PA and sedentary behaviors was assessed for 1 week with accelerometers.

Results

Mean daily step counts were 4,765; participants spent 589 minutes in sedentary behaviors, 141 minutes in low-intensity activities, 30 minutes in moderate-intensity lifestyle activities, and 16 minutes in moderate- to vigorous-intensity ambulatory activities. No differences were found between weekdays and weekend days. Patterns were characterized by a rise in total PA in the morning, peaking between 10 am and 3 pm, and a gradual decline toward the late evening. The proportion achieving 150 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA per week was 27%, and 16% achieved 7,000 or more steps per day.

Limitations

Nonrandomized selection of participants may limit the generalizability of the results.

Conclusions

Physical activity levels were generally low, in terms of both total volume and intensity, with only minor variations over the course of a day or between days. These results emphasize the need to develop strategies to increase PA and reduce time spent in sedentary behaviors in elderly people with mild to moderate PD.
Low effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2014/15 mid–season results
Authors: Pebody R  G , Warburton F , Ellis J , Andrews N , Thompson C , von Wissmann B , Green H K , Cottrell S , Johnston J , de Lusignan S , Moore C , Gunson R , Robertson C , McMenamin J , Zambon M
Published: February 2015

In 2014/15 the United Kingdom experienced circulation of influenza A(H3N2) with impact in the elderly. Mid-season vaccine effectiveness (VE) shows an adjusted VE of 3.4% (95% CI: ?44.8 to 35.5) against primary care consultation with laboratory-confirmed influenza and ?2.3% (95% CI: ?56.2 to 33.0) for A(H3N2). The low VE reflects mismatch between circulating viruses and the 2014/15 northern hemisphere A(H3N2) vaccine strain. Early use of antivirals for prophylaxis and treatment of vulnerable populations remains important.
Typing of Chlamydia psittaci to monitor epidemiology of psittacosis and aid disease control in the Netherlands, 2008 to 2013
Authors: Heddema E R , van Hannen E J , Bongaerts M , Dijkstra F , ten Hove R J , de Wever B , Vanrompay D
Published: February 2015

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Reopening of an obstructed third ventriculostomy: long-term success and factors affecting outcome in 215 infants
Authors: Marano Paul J. , Stone Scellig S. D. , Mugamba John , Ssenyonga Peter , Warf Ezra B. , Warf Benjamin C.
Published: February 2015

OBJECT

The role of reopening an obstructed endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) as treatment for ETV failure is not well defined. The authors studied 215 children with ETV closure who underwent successful repeat ETV to determine the indications, long-term success, and factors affecting outcome.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda database from August 2001 through December 2012, identifying 215 children with failed ETV (with or without prior choroid plexus cauterization [CPC]) who underwent reopening of an obstructed ETV stoma. Treatment survival according to sex, age at first and second operation, time to failure of first operation, etiology of hydrocephalus, prior CPC, and mode of ETV obstruction (simple stoma closure, second membrane, or cisternal obstruction from arachnoid scarring) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival method. Survival differences among groups were assessed using log-rank and Wilcoxon methods and a Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS

There were 125 boys and 90 girls with mean and median ages of 229 and 92 days, respectively, at the initial ETV. Mean and median ages at repeat ETV were 347 and 180 days, respectively. Postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH) was the etiology in 126 patients, and nonpostinfectious hydrocephalus (NPIH) in 89. Overall estimated 7-year success for repeat ETV was 51%. Sex (p = 0.46, log-rank test; p = 0.54, Wilcoxon test), age (< vs > 6 months) at initial or repeat ETV (p = 0.08 initial, p = 0.13 repeat; log-rank test), and type of ETV obstruction (p = 0.61, log-rank test) did not affect outcome for repeat ETV (p values ≥ 0.05, Cox regression). Those with a longer time to failure of initial ETV (> 6 months 91%, 3–6 months 60%, < 3 months 42%, p < 0.01; log-rank test), postinfectious etiology (PIH 58% vs NPIH 42%, p = 0.02; log-rank and Wilcoxon tests) and prior CPC (p = 0.03, log-rank and Wilcoxon tests) had significantly better outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

Repeat ETV was successful in half of the patients overall, and was more successful in association with later failures, prior CPC, and PIH. Obstruction of the original ETV by secondary arachnoid scarring was not a negative prognostic factor, and should not discourage the surgeon from proceeding. Repeat ETV may be a more durable solution to failed ETV/CPC than shunt placement in this context, especially for failures at more than 3 months after the initial ETV. Some ETV closures may result from an inflammatory response that is less robust at the second operation.
Posterior thoracic laminoplasty with dorsal, intradural identification of ventral defect and transdural discectomy for a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak: case report
Authors: Pricola Fehnel Katie , Borges Lawrence F.
Published: February 2015

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) has been increasingly reported in the literature concomitant with the improved sensitivity of imaging modalities. Although typically associated with meningeal weakening, a handful of cases of SIH secondary to thoracic disc osteophytes have been reported. Five of 7 reported cases were treated with epidural blood patch (EBP) alone while 2 required surgical management. There is no standard operative approach; both anterior and posterolateral approaches can be cumbersome and associated with morbidity, particularly in young, healthy patients. The authors report a case of SIH in which a ventral dural tear secondary to a calcified thoracic disc was repaired via posterior thoracic laminoplasty with dorsal durotomy and intradural exposure of the ventral defect with transdural discectomy followed by primary closure.

A 34-year-old man presented with low-pressure headaches following axial load injury from a ski accident 5 years earlier. The patient's symptoms were refractory to a trial of conservative treatment and EBP, and he developed bilateral upper-extremity paresthesias. MRI of the spine demonstrated an extrathecal collection spanning the thoracic spine, and dynamic CT myelography identified contrast extravasation adjacent to a calcified paramedian disc at T9–10. The patient underwent posterior laminoplasty with neuromonitoring. A ventral dural defect was visualized via a dorsal durotomy, the penetrating disc osteophyte was removed transdurally, and the ventral and dorsal dura maters were closed primarily. Both somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were unchanged during surgery. The patient has remained asymptomatic more than 10 months postoperatively and he has resumed work as a surgeon.

Cases of SIH secondary to a calcified thoracic disc are rare with little precedent as to optimal surgical intervention. This case illustrates the potential usefulness of posterior laminectomy in nonmyelopathic patients in whom there is no evidence of canal compromise and for whom neuromonitoring is available. Additionally, surgeon experience and patient preference may guide surgical planning.
Percutaneous “K-wireless” pedicle screw fixation technique: an evaluation of the initial experience of 100 screws with assessment of accuracy, radiation exposure, and procedure time
Authors: Spitz Steven M. , Sandhu Faheem A. , Voyadzis Jean-Marc
Published: February 2015

OBJECT

Percutaneous pedicle screws are used to provide rigid internal fixation in minimally invasive spinal procedures and generally require the use of Kirchner wires (or K-wires) as a guide for screw insertion. K-wires can bend, break, advance, or pull out during the steps of pedicle preparation and screw insertion. This can lead to increased fluoroscopic and surgical times and potentially cause neurological, vascular, or visceral injury. The authors present their experience with a novel “K-wireless” percutaneous pedicle screw system that eliminates the inherent risks of K-wire use.

METHODS

A total of 100 screws were placed in 28 patients using the K-wireless percutaneous screw system. Postoperative dedicated spinal CT scans were performed in 25 patients to assess the accuracy of screw placement. Screw placement was graded A through D by 2 independent radiologists: A = within pedicle, B = breach < 2 mm, C = breach of 2–4 mm, and D = breach > 4 mm. Screw insertion and fluoroscopy times were also recorded in each case. Clinical complications associated with screw insertion were documented.

RESULTS

A total of 100 K-wireless percutaneous pedicle screws were placed into the lumbosacral spine in 28 patients. Postoperative CT was performed in 25 patients, thus the placement of only 90 screws was assessed. Eighty-seven screws were placed within the pedicle confines (Grade A), and 3 violated the pedicle (2 Grade B [1 lateral, 1 medial] and 1 Grade D [medial]) for an overall accuracy rate of 96.7%. One patient required reoperation for screw repositioning due to a postoperative L-5 radiculopathy secondary to a Grade D medial breach at L-5. This patient experienced improvement of the radiculopathy after reoperation. Average screw insertion and fluoroscopy times were 6.92 minutes and 22.7 seconds per screw, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study demonstrate that the placement of K-wireless percutaneous pedicle screws is technically feasible and can be performed accurately and safely with short procedure and fluoroscopy times.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery for the management of cerebral metastases from non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Bowden Greg , Kano Hideyuki , Caparosa Ellen , Park Seong-Hyun , Niranjan Ajay , Flickinger John , Lunsford L. Dade
Published: February 2015

OBJECT

Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent cancer that metastasizes to brain. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become the management of choice for most patients with such metastatic tumors. Therefore, the authors endeavored to elucidate the survival and SRS outcomes for patients with NSCLC metastasis at their center.

METHODS

In this single-institution retrospective analysis, the authors reviewed their experience with NSCLC metastasis during a 10-year period from 2001 to 2010. Seven hundred twenty patients underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery. A total of 1004 SRS procedures were performed, and 3143 tumors were treated. The NSCLC subtype was adenocarcinoma in 386 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 111 patients, and large cell carcinoma in 34 patients. The median aggregate tumor volume was 4.5 cm3 (range 0.1–88 cm3).

RESULTS

The median survival time after diagnosis of brain metastasis from NSCLC was 12.6 months, and the median survival after SRS was 8.5 months. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates after SRS were 39%, 21%, and 10%, respectively. Postradiosurgery survival was decreased in patients treated with prior whole-brain radiation therapy compared with SRS alone (p = 0.003). Aggregate tumor volume was inversely related to survival after SRS (p < 0.001), and the histological subgroups demonstrated significant survival differences (p = 0.023). The overall local tumor control rate in the entire group was 92.8%. One hundred seventy-four patients (24%) underwent repeat SRS for new or resistant metastatic deposits.

CONCLUSIONS

Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective means of providing local control for NSCLC metastases. Neurological function and survival benefit from serial patient monitoring and repeat SRS for new tumors.
Concurrent use of the Pipeline Embolization Device and coils for intracranial aneurysms: technique, safety, and efficacy
Authors: Nossek Erez , Chalif David J. , Chakraborty Shamik , Lombardo Kim , Black Karen S. , Setton Avi
Published: February 2015

OBJECT

The use of the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) as a sole endovascular modality has been described for the treatment of brain aneurysms. The benefit of using coils concurrently with a limited number of PEDs is not well documented. The authors describe their experience with this technique as well as their midterm clinical and angiographic results.

METHODS

This is a retrospective review of patients treated between 2011 and 2014. The authors placed a minimal number of PEDs with the addition of coils using a “jailed” microcatheter technique. A partially dense coil mass was obtained. Immediate and midterm clinical and angiographic results are reviewed.

RESULTS

The authors treated 27 patients harboring 28 aneurysms using this technique. The mean aneurysm size was 11.9 mm, and the mean neck size was 5.4 mm. A mean of 1.48 PEDs were placed per patient, and a mean of 1.33 PEDs per aneurysm were placed. The Raymond score immediately after PED placement was 2 or 3 in 82.1% of the patients.

There were no intraprocedural or postprocedural complications. All PEDs were successfully deployed. No clinical or technical adverse effects related to the coil mass were observed. There were no clinical or radiographic signs of ischemia in this group. At follow-up imaging, complete aneurysm occlusion was demonstrated on the first MR angiogram (3–5 months) in all patients who reached this milestone. Follow-up digital subtraction angiography (5–13 months) confirmed complete occlusion in all patients who reached this milestone. All patients maintained their baseline clinical status.

CONCLUSIONS

The deployment of PEDs with concurrent partially dense coiling is safe and efficacious. This technique achieved early complete occlusion and endovascular reconstruction of the parent vessel, without inducing mass effect. Favorable midterm clinical results were observed in all patients.
Health disparities and stroke: the influence of insurance status on the prevalence of patient safety indicators and hospital-acquired conditions
Authors: Fargen Kyle M. , Neal Dan , Blackburn Spiros L. , Hoh Brian L. , Rahman Maryam
Published: February 2015

OBJECT

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality patient safety indicators (PSIs) and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) are publicly reported quality metrics linked directly to reimbursement. The occurrence of PSIs and HACs is associated with increased mortality and hospital costs after stroke. The relationship between insurance status and PSI and HAC rates in hospitalized patients treated for acute ischemic stroke was determined using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database.

METHODS

The NIS was queried for all hospitalizations involving acute ischemic stroke between 2002 and 2011. The rate of each PSI and HAC was determined by searching the hospital records for ICD-9 codes. The SAS statistical software package was used to calculate rates and perform multivariable analyses to determine the effects of patient variables on the probability of developing each indicator.

RESULTS

The NIS query revealed 1,507,336 separate patient admissions that had information on both primary payer and hospital teaching status. There were 227,676 PSIs (15.1% of admissions) and 42,841 HACs reported (2.8%). Patient safety indicators occurred more frequently in Medicaid/self-pay/no-charge patients (19.1%) and Medicare patients (15.0%) than in those with private insurance (13.6%; p < 0.0001). In a multivariable analysis, Medicaid, self-pay, or nocharge patients had significantly longer hospital stays, higher mortality, and worse outcomes than those with private insurance (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Insurance status is an independent predictor of patient safety events after stroke. Private insurance is associated with lower mortality, shorter lengths of stay, and improved clinical outcomes.
Determination of binding capacity and affinity constants of Sevelamer Hydrochloride and its market preparation
Authors: Biswas Sushanta , Sultan Md Zakir , Sajeeb BK , Bachar Sitesh C
Published: February 2015

Sevelamer is an orally administered weakly basic anion exchange resin which consists of crosslinked polymeric amine that binds dietary phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract. This is approved for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in adult patients with end-stage renal disease. The binding parameter constants of nonabsorbable sevelamer in its hydrochloride form were determined using the Langmuir approximation for its active pharmaceutical ingredient and 400 mg generic tablet dosage form (Sevel) at pH 4.0, 5.5 and 7.0. The binding parameters were also compared with the innovator product Renagel 400 mg tablet. The results demonstrate the equivalency of the dosage form at each pH in terms of the in vitro binding parameters. The results also demonstrate a shift in the binding mechanism from pH 4.0 to 7.0. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21858 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 37-49, 2014 (June)
Preliminary phytochemical screenings and Pharmacological activities of Blumea lacera (Burn.f.) DC.
Authors: Khair Md Abul , Ibrahim Mohammed , Ahsan Qamrul , Kuddus Md Ruhul , Rashid Ridwan Bin , Rashid Mohammad Abdur
Published: February 2015

The methanol extract of the whole plant of Blumea lacera (Burn.f.) DC. (BLME) has been subjected to preliminary screenings for phytoconstituents and antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Antipyretic activity was assessed by the yeast-induced hyperthermia in mice. The analgesic property was evaluated by formalin-induced writhing test. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) was used as standard for in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity test. In yeast-induced pyrexia, the crude extract demonstrated a significant (p=0.05) reduction in body temperature of mice after elevation by the administration of yeast. These effects were pronounced at the 2nd and 3rd h of post-treatment with the extract. BLME exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic activity with 39.13% and 56.52% protection at 200-and 400-mg/kg, b.w., respectively as compared to 76.09% revealed by the standard diclofenac sodium. In the anti-inflammatory test, the crude extract at 400 ?g/ml displayed 62.40% inhibition of protein denaturation whereas standard acetyl salicylic acid exhibited 76.74% inhibition. Results of the preliminary phytochemical screenings demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids in the extract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21863 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 69-73, 2014 (June)
Formulation and evaluation of erodible ocular films of Valacyclovir Hydrochloride
Authors: Priya KR Naga , Bhattacharyya Sayani , Babu P Ramesh
Published: February 2015

The present work focuses on formulation of erodible ocular films of valacyclovir hydrochloride (VH) for the treatment of ocular herpes to enhance therapeutic effect through prolonging contact time with the corneal surface. Nine films were prepared by solvent casting method using different ratios of polymers HPMC E 15 LV and PVP. The FT-IR studies showed no interaction between drug and the polymers. Developed formulations were evaluated for tensile strength, % elongation at break, strain, folding endurance, uniformity of thickness, weight variation, % moisture absorption, surface pH, drug content, in vitro release, kinetics study, sterility test and eye irritancy test on Rabbit eye. On the basis of these evaluations it was found that with increase in hydrophilic polymer content the mechanical properties and release rate of the films were improved. The kinetic study revealed case II transport. The eye irritancy test showed that the films were free from ocular toxicity and irritancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21866 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 75-81, 2014 (June)
Antibacterial activities of the Methanolic extract of Bangladeshi Black tea against various human pathogens
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Shahnoor , Nibir Yead Morshed , Zerin Sayma , Ahsan Nazmul
Published: February 2015

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of Bangladeshi black tea against various important pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activity test was carried out by agar well-diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated using microdilution methods. Extract of Bangladeshi black tea demonstrated potential antibacterial activity in a dose dependent manner against all of the tested bacteria and exhibited highest activity against two common enteric pathogens, Shigella boydii and Vibrio cholerae with MIC and MBC of 200 ?g/ml and 1 mg/ml respectively. Our results indicate that black tea extract can be used as therapeutic to control these deadly pathogens. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21873 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 97-103, 2014 (June)
Chemical and Biological studies of Cyanobacteria
Authors: Shoeb Mohammad
Published: February 2015

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic microalgae which are found in marine, brackish and freshwater environments and in soils. Cyanotoxins including hepatotoxins and neurotoxins are produced by cyanobacteria commonly found in surface water. The most widely studied hepatotoxins are microcystins and nodularin which were first isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa and Nodularia spumigena, respectively. M. aeruginosa and N. spumigena were cultured and extracted with methanol. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of microcystins and nodularin in cultured cyanobacterial fractions were performed by HPLC. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) antimicrobial and brine shrimp lethality assay were carried out to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and general toxicity of these fractions, respectively. An unusual metabolite named as nodularinol was isolated for the first time from N. spumigena. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21888 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 119-124, 2014 (December)
Preparation and characterization of Gliclazide incorporated Cellulosic Microspheres: studies on drug release, compatibility and micromeritics
Authors: Ayon Navid Jubaer , Hasan Ikramul , Islam Md Shfiqul , Reza Md Selim
Published: February 2015

Polymeric microspheres of gliclazide were prepared to provide sustained release delivery of gliclazide to aid in continuous therapy with high margin of safety. Gliclazide was microencapsulated with different polymers namely HPMC K100LV, Ethocel (20 cps) and HPMC K100M by emulsion solvent evaporation technique using acetone as internal phase and liquid paraffin as external phase. Seventeen formulations were prepared using different drug loading and polymeric ratio of which nine formulations were prepared by a 32 full factorial design. Each formulation was evaluated for flow properties, particle size, surface morphology, drug entrapment efficiency, drug release and compatibility. Yield (%) for every batch of microspheres was measured. Flow properties of the microspheres were examined by determining bulk density, tapped density, Carrs compressibility index, Hausner ratio and angle of repose. Particle size distribution was examined by sieving and particle size analyzer. Surface morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In-vitro drug release was studied in a paddle type dissolution apparatus (USP Type II Dissolution Apparatus) for a period of 8 hours at 37°C using phosphate buffer ( pH 7.4). FTIR and DSC studies established compatibility of the drug with the polymers. Microspheres prepared with Ethocel (20 cps) and HPMC K100M were free flowing than those prepared only with HPMC K100LV. Entrapment efficiencies were within 75.88-99.69%. Microspheres prepared with Ethocel (20 cps) and HPMC K100M showed more sustained release when compared to microspheres prepared with HPMC K100LV only. Increase in drug loading resulted in increased drug release for the microspheres. Kinetic modeling of in vitro dissolution profiles revealed the drug release mechanism ranging from diffusion controlled to anomalous type. Ethocel and HPMC K100M in a ratio of 1:3 exhibited better sustained release properties than 1:1 and 3:1 ratios. The release rate of gliclazide from microspheres prepared with Ethocel (20 cps) and HPMC K100M was less than the release rate of gliclazide from microspheres prepared with HPMC K100LV, demonstrating Ethocel and HPMC K100M as suitable polymeric blend for preparing the controlled release formulation for gliclazide whereas, HPMC K100LV was found not suitable candidate when used alone as a polymer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21893 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 149-166, 2014 (December)
Cicero'sDe Fatoin Deleuze's Logic of Sense
Authors: Bennett Michael James
Published: February 2015

The arguments of the Stoic Chrysippus recorded in Cicero's De Fato are of great importance to Deleuze's conception of events in The Logic of Sense. The purpose of this paper is to explicate these arguments, to which Deleuze's allusions are extremely terse, and to situate them in the context of Deleuze's broader project in that book. Drawing on contemporary scholarship on the Stoics, I show the extent to which Chrysippus' views on compatibilism, hypothetical inference and astrology support Deleuze's claim that the Stoics developed a theory of compatibilities and incompatibilities of events independent of corporeal states of affairs.
Kanafani in Kuwait: A Clinical Cartography
Authors: Al-Nakib Mai
Published: February 2015

The trope of Kuwait runs through numerous stories by Palestinian writer Ghassan Kanafani, including his well-known novella, Men in the Sun. Using Deleuze's clinical methodology, this paper maps Kanafani's Kuwait stories symptomatically to determine what the legacy of the Kanafani effect might be for contemporary Kuwait. It considers what his textual conjunction of affects and percepts did at the time and whether they can do anything now. Kanafani's position as a seminal figure within Palestinian national and resistance literature is well-recognised; however, his specific location in Kuwait at a key period of its development is generally overlooked. His clinical diagnosis of the relationship between Kuwait and Palestinians in the 1940s and 1950s can provoke a reconsideration of that early period, especially relevant in light of post-1991 events. In addition to his writing, his actual presence in Kuwait in the second half of the 1950s expresses an early promise of Kuwait as an open and cosmopolitan place soon betrayed and today mostly forgotten.