bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast Castle and its Owners : some Notes on their History
Authors: Douglas William
Published: March 2023

The ruined castle stands on a rocky promontory on the Berwickshire coast. Only parts of the keep and the surrounding walls now survive. An account of the ownership and history of the castle is presented along with plans and pictures, the earliest of which dates back to 1549. It is not clear who was responsible for the construction of the castle though during the fourteenth century the castle appears to have been sometimes in the hands of the Scots and sometimes in those of the English.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 55

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1921

List of Corresponding members 1921

List of Honorary members November 1921

List of the Lady Associates November 1921

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
An Account of the Excavation of a Cairn and of the Remains of Four other Cairns in the Parish of Muirkirk, Ayrshire, and the Discovery of a Deposit of Burnt Human Bones at Borland, Old Cumnock, Ayrshire
Authors: Fairbairn Archibald
Published: March 2023

A circular cairn at Linburn Plantation covered a central circle of stones around a pit containing burnt bone, charcoal and two flint knives. There was evidence of in situ burning. Four round cairns in the parish of Muirkirk were examined. Only one had a central cist. Pottery, charcoal and a flint flake were recovered. An isolated deposit of burnt bone may have been associated with a cinerary urn found there in 1899.
The Architectural History of Huntly Castle
Authors: Simpson W Douglas
Published: March 2023

The architectural history of Huntly Castle, which was the seat of the Gordon family, is complex. The chief feature is the great oblong keep, about 76 feet in length and 36 in breadth; having a large round tower, 38 feet in diameter, attached to its south-west corner, and, diagonally opposite to this, another tower, also round but far smaller and slighter. Reference is made to three drawings of 1799 which provide detail now lost. The castle began life as a 13th-century motte and bailey. The castle was wrecked after the battle of Corrichie in 1562 and restored in 1569. The final destruction took place in 1752.
A Remarkable Stone Implement resembling a Knife found at Caisteal nan Gillean, Oronsay
Authors: Grieve Symington
Published: March 2023

A knife-shaped stone implement was found in a shell midden along with fish bones and scale, charcoal and fire-cracked stones. It is suggested that it functioned as a scraper, and was used to remove cooked fish skins.
The Broch of Mousa: a Survey by H.M. Office of Works
Authors: Paterson J Wilson
Published: March 2023

A complete survey of the broch and its outbuildings was carried out while essential repairs took place. It became apparent that there were some errors in the original plans produced in the 19th century. The broch survives to a height of 41 feet. Detailed plans and elevations are presented.
Account of the Excavations on Traprain Law during the Summer of 1921
Authors: Cree James E , Curle Alexander O
Published: March 2023

Further excavation recovered evidence of Neolithic and early Bronze Age activity in the form of stone and flint artefacts, followed by late Bronze Age and early Iron Age artefacts including socketed axes, terrets, glass beads, clay moulds and pins. There appears to have been a hiatus until the main occupation which spans the end of the 1st century to the early 5th century AD. Occasional levelling of the ground has led to the mixing of artefacts of different dates. Stone-built structures and hearths were identified. Numerous artefacts are reported on and include spindle whorls, pottery, glass and jet armlets, glass beads, slingstones, coins, gaming pieces, clay moulds and brooches. The site is identified as a walled town or oppidum.
An Earthenware Pot found in a Grave at Dunbar, East Lothian, and Three Short Cists discovered on the Golf-course there
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

A grave found in the churchyard at Dunbar was lined with red sandstone slabs. It was aligned west-east and contained a poorly preserved extended skeleton accompanied by an earthenware pot. This practice is unusual but not unknown in Christian graves. Three short cists were discovered by workmen. Only one could be examined and it contained a crouched skeleton.
Ptolemaic Scotland
Authors: Richmond Ian A
Published: March 2023

A revision of the Ptolemaic geography of Scotland based on new archaeological discoveries. In Ptolemy's map there is an eastern coast-line which for all its\r\nfaults is unmistakably clear from the Tweed as far as the Moray Firth. Also it may be noted that among the land-stations, although for the most part their positions seem unlike anything that we know of the topography of Roman Scotland, there would appear to be a very definite scheme of plotting out.
A Hoard of Coins found in Linlithgowshire
Authors: MacDonald George
Published: March 2023

An earthenware vessel contained a hoard of coins which had been wrapped in textile. A total of 244 coins comprised Scottish gold and silver with some of English silver.
Three Bronze Age Hoards recently added to the National Collection, with Notes on the Hoard from Duddingston Loch
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

The Auchnacree hoard of bronze objects consisted of two flat axes, the cutting half of another, two knives and an armlet. At Quoykea two bronze implements, a socketed knife and a razor were recovered. Two flat bronze axes were found in Nairnshire. The Duddingston hoard discovered in 1778 was described as follows: A quantity of Roman arms consisting of 23 pieces of the heads of the hasta and jaculum; 20 pieces of the blades, and nine of the handles of the gladius and pugio; a ring three inches in diameter, fastened to the end of a staple; and a mass of different pieces of these arms, run together by fire, all of brass; sculls and other human bones, together with the horns of animals of the deer and elk species, dragged out of the middle of a bed of shell marie at the bottom of his loch of Duddingston." Many of the items are now lost and the remaining objects comprise the ring of a cauldron, thirty-two fragments of swords, the point of a rapier blade, the larger part of a small dagger or knife and fragments of fourteen spear-heads.
Notes on the Discovery of a Rock-Sculpture at Gallows Outon, Whithorn, Wigtownshire
Authors: Anderson R S G
Published: March 2023

The carving consists of a returning spiral and can be paralleled by a stone at North Balfern, near Kirkinner.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 9 January 1922.
The Lee Penny
Authors: Reid Thomas
Published: March 2023

The Lee Penny is the name of a charm, amulet, or talisman, preserved at Lee Castle, the seat of the ancient family of Lockhart. It consists of a small stone set in the centre of a silver coin. The stone comes from southern Spain. The coin is thought to be a groat from the reign of Edward I. The traditional story of the acquisition of the talisman and its history as an object with healing powers is recounted along with references which appear in one of Sir Walter Scott's novels.
Scottish Bronze Age Hoards
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

The article presents a classification, analysis, and comparison of the component parts of Scottish hoards. The discovery of two associated objects is treated as a hoard, even though they may be examples of the same type of relic, and an attempt is made to correlate, as far as possible, the weapons and implements with the pottery of the period. Owing to the absence of the larger objects of bronze from the sepulchral deposits, from which practically all the pottery has come, this is not easy. The number of Scottish implements is not large when compared with those found in England and Ireland. Seventy Scottish hoards are arranged in four chronological horizons according to the occurrence in them of flat copper axes, flat bronze axes, flanged axes and palstaves, and socketed axes, or of known contemporary types of objects.
An Old Chapmen's Standard Yard Measure from Ceres, Fife
Authors: Anderson James L
Published: March 2023

The artefact was the standard or gauge by which the ellwands (so called whether containing 36 or 37 inches) were tested and regulated. it is made of iron and has a hinge in the centre so that it can be folded over into half its real length. Between the flanges at each end its total length is exactly 36 inches. This standard was issued by the Chapmen of Fife, based upon the official dimensions, and by it the travelling Chapmen regulated the measuring rods they carried as they perambulated,\r\nsometimes on horseback, their several districts. False measures were stigmatised by the Societies, and the condemned ellwands (units of measurement) were destroyed.
Stone Circles at Raedykes, near Stonehaven, Kincardineshire
Authors: Ritchie James
Published: March 2023

Raedykes is well known for its Roman Camp, however, there are also four circles or ring-cairns on the site. The four circles are situated within a short distance of each other, so that a line joining their centres would form a slight curve little more than a hundred yards in length. They are nearly equal in size, and each consists of a ring-shaped cairn with a hollow centre, the interior depression and the exterior circumference being bounded by a setting of earthfast stones, set upright to support the smaller loose stones of which the cairns are composed. Only two of these ring-cairns, the most northerly and the most southerly, are surrounded by standing stones, and each is furnished with a circle of upright stones placed at a distance of a few feet beyond the outer circumference of the cairn. The recumbent\r\nstone, so important a feature in the Aberdeenshire type of circle, is entirely absent.
Notes on Stuart Jewellery
Authors: Sharp Andrew
Published: March 2023

The jewellery of the Stuart period is of special interest, in particular the exquisite little rings, brooches, and clasps which were worn by the followers and adherents of the Stuart and Jacobite causes. The memorial jewellery, dating from the death of Charles I is often of fine and rare design and workmanship, and the backs of the items are beautifully enamelled in black and white and occasionally in colour. The fronts were mostly formed of a piece of rock-crystal cut in the shape of a rose diamond, and in special cases of a diamond itself covering sometimes a miniature of the king or his initials worked in gold wire surmounted by a crown\r\nand supported by cherubs. A range of rings, necklaces, earrings, neckslides and pendants are described.
Celtic Place-names in Orkney
Authors: Marwick Hugh
Published: March 2023

In Orkney, as is seen in Shetland, in spite of the lapse of over a thousand years and the total extinction of the Celtic vernacular, a considerable number of the old place-names still survive, corrupted at times, but often preserving their old Celtic form unchanged. It is suggested that for a couple of centuries before the great Viking age prior to AD 800, intercourse had been taking place between Scandinavia and these northern isles, and that Norsemen had gradually secured a footing, and made settlements, both in Orkney and Shetland. It would be difficult to explain the adoption of these loan-words otherwise. The words discussed include those for hill pasture, hill, cliff and church. In addition, a few words seem to commemorate the names of some early Celtic saints.
The Development of Caerlaverock Castle
Authors: Watson G P H
Published: March 2023

Caerlaverock Castle near Dumfries is one of the foremost examples of secular architecture in Scotland. The site is naturally protected in part by its swampy location and elsewhere by a system of ramparts and ditches. Caerlaverock was essentially a residence, a strong one certainly, of the type termed the " gatehouse castle," since the house is concentrated over the entry. The surviving elements of the ruin are described and comparisons made with other castles in Britain and France. The present castle is thought to have been mostly constructed between 1375 and 1410.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 14 May 1923.
Norse Heraldry in Orkney
Authors: Clouston J Storer
Published: March 2023

The paper refers to points raised by another author in an earlier paper with which the writer disagrees. These mainly relate to a slab bearing the arms of Flett impaling Tulloch whose interpretation the two writers disagree upon. These include a depiction of a drinking horn rather than a crescent and a letter F rather than a B and the likely date of the slab. The origins of arms-bearing in Orkney is touched upon.
Supplementary Note to Scottish Bronze Age Hoards, pp 123-66
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

Further information on two of the hoards discussed in the main article came to light after the article was in press. These are the flat axes from Nairnshire and the hoard of broken bronze swords and other objects found in Duddingston Loch.
The Pigments used in Painting 'The Rosslyn Missal' in the Advocates' Library, and the Celtic Psalter, D.p.111,8, in the Library of the Univberrsity of Edinburgh
Authors: Laurie Principal
Published: March 2023

The pigments used on early Byzantine and early Celtic manuscripts are considered with particular reference to the difficulties involved in preparing ultramarine from lapiz lazuli. The Rosslyn Missal is believed to be of late thirteenth or early fourteenth century. The letters down the margin of the MS. are outlined in black, and are tinted with four pigments, vermilion, orpiment, ultramarine, and shell-fish purple. The Celtic psalter is thought to be of eleventh-century date. The pigments used are lead in place of vermilion as in the Lindisfarne Gospels, the Irish variety of orpiment, transparent copper-green, badly washed ultramarine, and shell-fish purple. The gold used on a single page consists of little rounded and\r\nkidney-shaped particles obtained as the fine gold dust from river gold.
Notes on Stone and Flint Implements found on the Farm of Foulden Moorpark, Berwickshire
Authors: Kinghorn Robert
Published: March 2023

Fifty stone and over four hundred flint implements have been found; while flint chips, obviously struck off in the manufacture of tools, must be numbered by the thousand. Flint scrapers, arrowheads, saws, knives, gravers and borers were among the flint tools and there was a single knife of Arran pitchstone.
Some Antiquities in Strathfillan, Perthshire. Cupped Boulder near Helensburgh, and Cross-slabs in Glen Fruin, Dumbartonshire
Authors: Lacaille A D
Published: March 2023

The ruined chapel of St Fillan's is traditionally connected with Robert the Bruce. Little survives other than a heart-shaped font. The graveyard contains carved slabs and there is a well nearby. There are also a number of cairns, cup-marked boulders, and a stone circle in the immediate vicinity. A boulder near Helensburgh has many cup-marks and the site of St Bride's Chapel at Glen Fruin is in fact a cairn. Across-slab is preserved nearby. An incised Latin cross from Ballivoulin is illustrated here.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 11 February 1924.
Fourteenth-century Brooches and other Ornaments in the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

A small cross and fragments of a chain were seen embedded in a mass of coins from Dumfries. Further cleaning revealed a complete brooch, portions of another three, and a small bow handle, all of silver. These items and the coins are described here. Other known finds from Scotland are catalogued and illustrated. Five distinct types of brooches are identified.
Ancient Border Highways: The Minchmoor (Catrail) Road, the Wheel Causeway, the Annandale Forest Road, the Well Path, and the Enterkin
Authors: Inglis Harry R G
Published: March 2023

The Border hills offer only a limited number of direct passes through which roads can be taken, and while there are perhaps a dozen open passes between north and south,\r\nthere is only one really accessible highway between the east and the west '” the Tweed valley. This is the context in which the development of these ancient highways must be considered. Each is described in detail.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 10 March 1924.
A Long Cairn near Gourdon, Kincardineshire, and a Bronze Age Cairn containing a Short Cist and an Urn, at Idvies, Forfarshire
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

A long cairn at Gourdon was located and surveyed. It was built of stone and earth and had been much robbed. There are hollow cavities either side of the mound. The ends are rounded, and there is no evidence that the cairn had been of the horned variety, which is seen at its best in the north of Scotland. No large stones which might indicate the presence of a burial chamber or of an entrance passage to one were observed. A Bronze Age cairn at Idvies covered a short cist which contained cremated human bone and an urn. The bone was laid on the base of the cist and not in the urn. Some fragments of charcoal were mixed with the bone. A small piece of bone bears a green stain, possibly caused by being in contact with a small object of bronze. The bones were of an adult and had not been burnt very efficiently.
Fragments of a Jet Necklace found at Greenhowe, Pluscarden, Morayshire
Authors: Mackintosh H B
Published: March 2023

A grave was discovered within a cairn when stones were being removed to facilitate ploughing. The grave was off centre and lined with four stone slabs. A handful of human bones and a necklace of two triangular terminal plates and twenty-three beads was recovered, the plates being entirely devoid of ornamentation. Sixteen of the beads were\r\nbarrel-shaped and seven cylindrical.
Four Pieces of Carved Woodwork from Stirling Castle
Authors: Whitelaw Charles E
Published: March 2023

Of the original fittings and furnishings of Stirling Castle very little now remains. It is therefore of interest when fragments that have disappeared are recovered. Each of the fragments are described and illustrated. One formed part of a circular panel and is made of oak. it is decorated with the figure of a man. The second is a carving in native oak of the Scottish Lion marchant. The third and fourth are the doors of a French cabinet elaborately carved out of walnut, showing a subject in the centre framed in a heavy enriched moulding.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 12 May 1924.
Two Sculptured Stones, a Coped Coffin-cover, and Part of a Seventeenth-century Tombstone found in St Andrews
Authors: Fleming D Hay
Published: March 2023

The upper portion of a small Celtic cross slab was discovered in the south gable of the south transept of the Cathedral. It is much weathered and the carving on one face is almost illegible. On the unworn face the sculpturing is clear and sharp. The upper limb of the cross and both arms are covered with a doublecord interlaced pattern. The compartments above the arms are filled with a zigzag fret. There is a double square recess in the angles at the intersection of the arms. On one side there is a spiral and fret pattern; and on the other side a more open but more weathered one. The other fragment was found in the eastern cemetery. The ornament on one face is mainly spiral, but there is some fret as well. The other face shows part of the shaft of a cross and part of the left arm, which are covered with interlaced work. part of a coped-coffin cover was removed from the Abbey wall. The seventeenth-century tombstone commemorates a Margaret Taylor who died in 1636.
The So-called Catrail
Authors: Craw James Hewat
Published: March 2023

In many districts of our country, from the South of England northwards, there exist works of unknown antiquity called black-dykes, devil's-dykes, Grim's dykes, and other such names. They consist of a trench with an accompanying mound, of widely varying dimensions, and run across country with a curiously winding course, being frequently traceable for many miles. The most famous in Scotland has become known as the Catrail. The conception of a continuous line, or of a series of more or less\r\nconnected sections forming a unit, appears to be without foundation. It is argued that five separate parts can be identified and these are described in detail.
A Hoard of Bronze Objects from Wester Ord, Ross-shire, and an Early Iron Age Burial at Blackness Castle, Linlithgowshire
Authors: Richardson James S
Published: March 2023

A collection of bronze objects, one of which the author recognised as having been illustrated in Dr Joseph Anderson's "Scotland in Pagan Times, Bronze and Stone Ages" was recovered from an antiques shop. The hoard consists of two socketed axes, a curved socketed tool, a gouge, a socketed knife, a penannular armlet, and two fragments of a neck-ring. All these objects belong to the end of the Bronze Age, exhibit the same degree of patination, and have now been identified as the hoard\r\nunearthed from under the corner of a large earth-fast boulder on the farm of Wester Ord, on the Invergordon property, in 1859, where apparently they had been buried wrapped up in cloth. An extended prone burial with a bronze armlet was found in the grounds of Blackness Castle. The north-south aligned grave was lined with small water worn stones and the skeleton was identified as a female aged approximately 30 years.
Some Ancient Crosses in Dumbartonshire and adjoining Counties
Authors: Lacaille A D
Published: March 2023

At Craigmaddie Muir the complete group of carvings on a living rock consists of the cruciform figure, a small cup-shaped hollow, a small serpent-like carving, and another like the impression of the right foot of an adult above the medium height, all fairly well preserved. Three crosses are in the churchyard at Luss. Two are carved slabs with Latin crosses. The third had originally been free-standing and was carved on both sides. Two stones at Roseneath have crosses and swords, while the third has plain rope moulding. At Dumgoyach and Kilmun crosses are associated with cup marks. An example from Barnakill has a cross and Hiberno-Saxon miniscules (lower-case lettering).
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 9 March 1925.
Note on a Primitive Weapon or Tool, fashioned by fixing a Stone in a Wooden Shaft, found in a Moss at Bogancloch, Parish of Rhynie, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Curle James , Tagg Harry F
Published: March 2023

A pointed stone set in a wooden haft of gean or wild cherry was founded embedded in peat. The stone shows no sign of working.
Interim Report on the Excavations of the Roman Fort at Mumrills, near Falkirk
Authors: MacDonald George , Curle Alexander O
Published: March 2023

The result of the excavations has been to reveal three, if not four,systems of ditches. The defences of the Antonine Fort were found to have consisted of a rampart,\r\nprobably made of clay, and raised on a cradling of quarried stone, with two ditches in front of it on the south side and, seemingly, three on the west. Where the rampart forms a junction with that of the Antonine vallum, the remains of a small circular turret were discovered. The western gateway was located. The foundations of the Principia were identified, and gave conclusive evidence of, at least, two periods of reconstruction, the dimensions of the earliest of the structures showing a headquarters building, probably as large as, if not larger, than any other found in\r\nBritain. Flanking this foundation on either side were the sites of two long buttressed buildings. Pottery, brooches and iron objects were recovered, in addition to a coin of Pius of AD 151.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 13 April 1925.
The Discovery of a Short Cist at Rendall, Orkney
Authors: Kirkness William
Published: March 2023

A stone-built short cist with cover slab was discovered at Castle, Rendall. The only item within was a hammer-stone.
Further Discoveries on the Line of the Antonine Wall
Authors: MacDonald George
Published: March 2023

An account of further work included tracing the line of the wall from Inveravon to Bridgeness and more detail on the construction of the vallum. One of the defensive pits or lilia was excavated at Rough Castle Fort. Excavation at Croy Hill Fort demonstrated that the defences had seemingly been constructed on a system entirely different from any of those known to have been employed elsewhere on the line of the Wall. Work at Kirkintiloch 'Fort' revealed definite evidence of Roman occupation lending weight to the antiquarian belief that it was in fact a fort.
Notes on Old Wells and a Stone Circle at Kenmore
Authors: Gillies William A
Published: March 2023

The Old Statistical Account of Kenmore, published in 1796 refers to a number of wells or tiobairts thought to have healing properties. Five were identified by the author. A stone circle on Remony Hill has six stones remaining though originally there were probably nine. Excavation in the centre of the circle revealed a deposit of cremated human bone and charcoal.
Notes on a Cross-Slab at Clanamacrie and Diarmaid's Pillar in Glen Lonain, Argyll, and on a Sculptured Stone in Glen Buckie, Perthshire
Authors: Thomson William
Published: March 2023

The cross-slab sits on a mound at the roadside though it is known to have been moved in recent times. It is decorated with two crosses, interlaced work and a floral boss. Diarmaid's Pillar is a large standing stone close to an irregular circle of stones. The outcrop of rock at Glen Buckie has cup-and-ring markings.
Notes on (1) a Casket of Cetacean Bone; and (2) a Highland Brooch of Silver
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

The Eglinton casket is made of whale bone with bronze mountings and is decorated with Celtic interlaced designs carved in fairly high relief. It has much in common with an example from Fife. Some of the design can be paralleled on later medieval West Highland grave slabs and many of these also have depictions of caskets. The Kindrochit brooch was found in the ruins of the castle. It is a flat-ring brooch of a previously unknown type, made of silver with an engraved inscription whose meaning is unclear.
A Royal Gift to the Hammermen of Edinburgh in 1641
Authors: Smith John
Published: March 2023

Magdalen Chapel in Cowgate survived the Reformation largely untouched and in 1641 Charles I made the Incorporation of Hammermen of Edinburgh patrons of the endowment.
Roman Signal Stations on the East Coast
Authors: Simpson Frank G
Published: March 2023

[The journal notes that this paper was delivered but the content was not recorded.]
The Development of Inchcolm Abbey
Authors: Paterson J Wilson
Published: March 2023

Inchcolm Abbey which is situated on an island in the Forth is the only monastery extant in Scotland which shows the complete arrangement of the establishment. A detailed account of the development of the monastery from its foundation in 1123 to its\r\ndissolution in the 16th century is presented with accompanying plans and sections. Documentary references are also considered.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 12 April 1926.
Notices of (1) a Stone Axe-hammer from Perthshire; and (2) Prehistoric and Mediaeval Graves on Airngath Hill, near Bo'ness
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

A hammer-stone found on the north side of Rossie Law is notable for two broad rounded raised mouldings which extend along both sides and round the narrow end though not around the butt. The decoration lends weight to the argument that these objects had a ceremonial rather than a practical function. A number of graves were discovered during construction of a golf course at Airngath Hill. Two deposits of cremated human bone, a short cist and an oval chamber are thought to be Bronze Age. A jet ring was found nearby. Two empty long cists are thought to be medieval.
Newhills Cross, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Cruickshank James
Published: March 2023

The cross is mentioned in a charter of 1316. It is a flat cross of stone and turf which was intended to mark one end of an episcopal property.
Scotland's Supplication and Complaint against the Book of Common Prayer (otherwise Land's Liturgy), the Book of Canons, and the Prelates, 18th October 1637
Authors: Fleming D Hay
Published: March 2023

The document, now held in Register House, Edinburgh, petitioned against the Book of Common Prayer, better known now as Laud's Liturgy, the Book of Canons, and the archbishops and bishops. The author presents a detailed account of the early history and constitution of the Reformed Church of Scotland to explain the reasons for the grievances.
The Boundary between Scotland and England in the Portolan Charts
Authors: Andrews Michael C
Published: March 2023

These early nautical maps confine their attention almost exclusively to coastal features, seaports and islands. Political boundaries of countries, states, and kingdoms are altogether omitted, and even their natural frontiers are seldom indicated. The borderland between Scotland and England appears, however, to be one of the exceptions to this rule. This representation takes different forms in the work of different cartographical schools, executed at different dates.
The Guthrie Bell and its Shrine
Authors: Eeles Francis C
Published: March 2023

The Guthrie Bell, so-called because it was preserved for many years at Guthrie Castle, Forfarshire, is an early Christian quadrangular bell made of iron contained within a shrine made of bronze plates. It is argued that because the bell in enshrined it was of some importance and may have belonged to a Celtic saint with a probable date in the 8th century or earlier.
Crosses and Rock Sculptures recently discovered in Wigtownshire
Authors: Anderson R S G
Published: March 2023

Two carved slabs built into farm buildings at Boghouse were removed and taken to Whithorn Museum. Both had incised crosses and a variety of other symbols. A cup-and-ring marked outcrop was discovered at Drummoral while a second at Knock, Glasserton had a series of carved spirals.
The Capelrig Cross, Mearns, Renfrewshire: St Blane's Chapel, Lochearnhead, Perthshire; and a Sculptured Slab at Kilmaronock, Dumbartonshire
Authors: Lacaille A D
Published: March 2023

The Capelrig Cross is the shaft of a free-standing cross in its original socket which has been removed to Kelvingrove Museum. The decoration on all four surfaces is double beaded interlaced work which is poorly preserved. The ruined chapel of St Blane was a plain rectangular building. A nearby boulder is carved with two incised stones. A recumbant slab in the churchyard at Kilmaronock displays a cross, a sword, circles and a series of squares.
The Campbell of Lerags Cross at Kilbride, near Oban, with a Note on Cross-heads of Late Mediaeval Date in the West Highlands
Authors: Richardson James S
Published: March 2023

The disc-headed cross, which survived in three fragments was re-asssembled and erected in what was though to be its original location. It bears the date 1516 and carvings include the crucified saviour on the front and a heraldic shield on the back bearing the arms of Archibald Campbell. The figure of Christ is thought to have much in common with the style of French ivory carvings of the 14th century. The article includes a detailed account of the three classes of cross-heads bearing crucifixion scenes with numerous examples
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 14 February 1927.
Some Stray Inscriptions - (1) Runes on Standing Stone at Oykell Bridge; (2) on Bracket at Gleneagles; (3) on the Kindrochit Brooch; (4) the Atholl Motto; (5) Two Carved Stones of the Urquharts of Cromarty
Authors: Mackenzie W MacKay
Published: March 2023

The Oykell Bridge stone is proved to be a 19th-century fake, A bracket inserted in the interior of the entrance wall of a chapel depicts the arms of Haldane of Gleneagles impaled with Erksine. It probably records a marriage of 1518. The Kindrochit engraved silver-gilt brooch is interpreted as a love-token with a French inscription. The Atholl Motto at Balvenie Castle is re-interpreted as "Furth fortune and fill the ferter" where ferter is a small box or casket. The 17th-century slab and its link to the life of Sir Thomas of Urquhart is considered. The second slightly earlier slab was probably commissioned by his father.
Some Antiquities in Benderloch and Lorn
Authors: Thomson William
Published: March 2023

An account of miscellaneous antiquities including Carn Ban chambered cairn, dolmens at Achnacree, a monument to Lord Nelson at Cnoc Aingeal, a 'christening stone' near the reputed site of the chapel of St Chiaran and a probable stone circle with cup marks at Clach nan Toll.
The Pre-Reformation Endowments of the Magdalen Chapel, Cowgate, Edinburgh
Authors: Smith John
Published: March 2023

The chapel was founded in 1541 and is thought to be the only one in Edinburgh which retained all of its pre-Reformation endowments. By a provision in the original Charter of Foundation and Mortification the Incorporation of the Hammermen of Edinburgh were appointed patrons and the chapel became their meeting place at the Reformation. A description of the various endowments, some of which were still paid at the time of writing, is provided.
Notice of a Cinerary Urn of Clay recently discovered on the Cawder Estate, near Bishopbriggs, Lanarkshire
Authors: Bryden R Lockhart
Published: March 2023

An urn discovered by workmen contained cremated human bone. There were no artefacts and no trace of a cist or other structure. The urn may have been associated with a small cairn comprising earth and stones.
On Two Egyptian Mummies preserved in the Museums of Edinburgh
Authors: Dawson Warren R
Published: March 2023

A double mummy case in the National Museum contains two children. It is thought to have been discovered in Thebes and belong to the Roman period. One of the children, a male infant, was examined in detail. The latter is noteworthy because of the high quality of the embalming process which was not generally observed for children. The mummy of a woman at the Royal Scottish Museum dates to the eighth century BC.
Underground Galleried Building at Rennibister, Orkney
Authors: Marwick Hugh
Published: March 2023

A provisional account of the discovery of a hexagonal stone-built chamber with wall recesses and a passageway. The roof would have comprised overlapping stone slabs supported by four pillars. Quantities of disarticulated human bone were recovered from within the chamber. A brief note on the bones suggests they are mainly immature.
On the Bones from Graves at Ackergill, Caithness, and an Underground Building at Rennibister, Orkney
Authors: Bryce Thomas H
Published: March 2023

The human bone assemblage from Ackergill comprised a group of 14 articulated adults and children while the material from Rennibister was disarticulated and included 12 children and 6 adults. The report focuses mainly on metric measurements and skeletal morphology.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 61

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1927

List of Corresponding members 1927

List of Honorary members November 1927

List of the Lady Associates November 1927

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Notes on Scottish Bronze Rapiers, on an Incense-cup from Kirkcudbrightshire, and a Bronze Chisel from Dumfriesshire
Authors: Corrie John M
Published: March 2023

A review of rapier-daggers and rapier-swords with particular reference to a group of twelve from Drumcoltran. All other examples are isolated finds. An incense-cup was found in a mound along with cremated human bone. A flanged chisel is of unknown provenance.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 12 March 1928.
A Collection of Stone and Flint Implements from Airhouse, Parish of Channelkirk, Berwickshire
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

The collection consists of a flint axe; eight stone axes; a stone hammer; an anvil stone; a perforated stone; five stone whorls, one being of shale or jet; a bead, and a small fragment of an armlet of the latter material; a spear-head, forty arrow-heads, six borers, a saw, ten long narrow implements dressed steeply on the edges and flat on the under side, three being chipped on one edge only, forty-two triangular implements of peculiar form, ninety-four scrapers, nineteen triangular\r\nimplements, some of which may have been arrow-heads, five knives, and a considerable number of flakes and blades showing secondary working,all being of flint except a very few which are of chert. All the artefacts came from a fairly restricted location and are described in detail here.
Fragments of Altar Retables of Late Mediaeval Date in Scotland
Authors: Richardson James S
Published: March 2023

A retable of late mediaeval date consisted of a number of tables or panels carved in relief, set in a framework of architectural character, and sometimes furnished with hinged shutters. This screen occupied a position immediately above the back of the altar. The scenes carved on the tables were in sets, the most usual being those depicting the "Passion," and the "Life of the Virgin"; other sets illustrated the Bible life of St John the Baptist, the Martyrdom of St Catharine, and episodes in the lives of saints and martyrs. Owing to the destruction of the actual retables and of documentary evidence it is unknown to what extent this type of altar sculpture was\r\nin use in Scotland. Many of the Scottish mediaeval churches have unbroken wall-spaces at the back of the altar sites, designed for the display of reredoses or retables. Fragments considered come from Rosslyn Chapel, Paisley Abbey, Mains Kirkyard, near Dundee, St Michael's, Linlithgow and St Salvator's College Kirk, St Andrew's.
Notices of a Bronze Axe and a Fragment of a Tanged Dagger found near Gullane, East Lothian, and of a Food-vessel from Cadder, Lanarkshire
Authors: Cree James E
Published: March 2023

A socketed and looped axe was found in the vicinity of a Bronze Age burial while the dagger was a poorly preserved surface find. The Food-vessel which contained cremated human remains was bought in a sale. An accompanying note claimed that it was one of four urns discovered in a burial mound during the 19th century.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 62

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1928

List of Corresponding members 1928

List of Honorary members November 1928

List of the Lady Associates November 1928

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 11 February 1929.
A short cist at Culduthel, Inverness
Authors: Low Alexander
Published: March 2023

A stone cist contained a crouched adult female skeleton accompanied by jet beads, a fragment of a bronze awl, an obsidian flake and some charcoal.
Provisional Report on the Excavations at Skara Brae, and on Finds from the 1927 and 1928 Campaigns
Authors: Childe V Gordon , Paterson J Wilson , Bryce Thomas H
Published: March 2023

Further excavation and stabilisation of the stone buildings revealed several thousand bone objects including beads, animal teeth and needles. A large midden deposit contained animal bones, limpet shells, ashes, cracked stones, coarse and very friable potsherds, and various artefacts, including Skail flakes, bone pins and beads. An 'inscribed' slab was found close to the burial of two skeletons. Other finds included vessels of whale bone and stone.
Three Graves containing Urns of the Food-Vessel Type
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

An account of the discovery of three Food Vessels from Fyvie, Corstorphine and High Cocklaw. Two were within short cists and one of these was associated with jet and flint beads.
The Excavation of Two Cairns on the Knock Hills, Edgerston, Roxburghshire
Authors: Oliver F S , Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

Five burials within one of the cairns were associated with jet beads and buttons, worked flints, pottery and charcoal. The second cairn covered a single burial with pottery and charcoal. Human bone in both cairns was very poorly preserved.
The House of Schivas, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Wyness J Fenton
Published: March 2023

An architectural account of a fortified mansion which originated in the 16th century. Detailed plans of the original building and all its additions are included. The adjacent family vault is also described. AB
A Bronze Age Burial Mound at Blair Drummond, Perthshire
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

The mound of stone and earth sealed a central stone cist containing only fragments of human bone with a small cairn on top. A secondary short cist was empty. Part of a stone axe and an inverted urn containing created human bone were found within the mound. AB
The Roman Fort at Mumrills, near Falkirk
Authors: MacDonald George , Curle Alexander O
Published: March 2023

A substantial programme of excavation revealed an early Agricolan fort which was succeeded by one of Antonine date. The form of the Antonine fort is described in some detail. Mumrills was the site of one of the praesidia established on the\r\nline of the isthmus by Agricola in AD 80 or 81. The fortified enclosure, which was defended by a wooden palisade and a single ditch, was exceptionally large. The occupation, however, was a short one, covering perhaps not more than a single winter. In or about AD 142 Mumrills was selected as the site of what was, so far as is known, much the largest of the castella on the line of the Antonine Wall. Both then and in the Agricolan period, therefore, it may have been the station of the officer in general command of the frontier. The artefacts are reported on extensively.
Note on a Roman Glass Bottle from the Parish of Turriff, about 1857
Authors: Duff-Dunbar Mrs
Published: March 2023

A green glass bottle was found with a large number of beads during digging for a railway line in the 19th century.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 10 February 1930.
Two Short Cists at Kilspindie Golf Course, Aberlady, East Lothian
Authors: Callander J Graham , Low Alexander
Published: March 2023

Two stone-built cists, one of which had previously been disturbed were examined. One contained only a Food Vessel and the second, a crouched burial identified as probably female.
Earth-House at Clyne Milton, in the Parish of Clyne, Sutherland
Authors: Serjeantson R J
Published: March 2023

The dwelling consisted of a circular chamber of dry stone walling with an entrance passage.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 10 March 1930.
A Stone Cist at Johnston, Leslie, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Low Alexander
Published: March 2023

A stone cist discovered during ploughing contained a Beaker vessel, two flint flakes and very small fragments of bone and charcoal.
Examination of a Chambered Cairn by the Water of Deugh, Stewartry of Kirkcudbright
Authors: Curle Alexander O
Published: March 2023

Excavation revealed two chambers, each with a passageway below a circular cairn. No burials or artefacts were recovered.
Notes on the Augustinian House of Saint Anthony, Leith
Authors: Smith John
Published: March 2023

The Augustinian House was founded around 1430 although no trace of its buildings survive. A detailed review of the surviving documentary evidence is presented.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

The usual business of the meeting was conducted including the election of new Fellows and the presentation of a list of deceased Fellows. Other reports presented included:A report on the number of Fellows on the Society’s RollBrief obituaries for some of the Fellows who died in the previous yearA report on the progress of the Society’s forthcoming publicationsA report on the items added to the Society’s museum and library collections over the previous sessionA report on the Society’s excavations in ScotlandA note on the Rhind Lectures and the Chalmers-Jervise PrizeTreasurer then presented the Annual Report on the Society’s finances. Meeting notes for 8 December, 1930 are appended.
Edzell Castle
Authors: Simpson W Douglas
Published: March 2023

An account of the history of Edzell Castle which had its origins as a Norman motte and bailey. A detailed account of the architectural history of the castle and its environs includes a remarkable range of sculptures.
Final Report on the Operations at Skara Brae
Authors: Childe V Gordon , Watson D M S , Robinson A
Published: March 2023

Final report on excavations of the stone-built Neolithic settlement. Work focussed on areas south and west of the 'Market Place', middens, drains and huts, some of which had been deliberately abandoned. The phases of occupation are considered in detail. Finds included decorated pottery, celts, hammerstones and a variety of stone tools. Two intrusive cist burials were discovered. Includes detailed reports on animal bones and human remains.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 9 March 1931.
The Reconstruction of Braemar and Corgarff Castles, 1746
Authors: Bulloch John Malcolm
Published: March 2023

Details of the cost of reconstruction have been taken from the Ordnance Expense Ledger and presented in chronological order.
The Romanno terraces
Authors: Hannah W W T
Published: March 2023

Scattered throughout the Lowlands of Scotland are several groups of ancient terraces, which make prominent features of the landscapes in which they are found. Even the most casual observer cannot fail to be impressed by them; and the purpose that they served has from early times called forth discussion. There are some who, judging from the clear-cut appearance of the terraced groups, consider them but a few centuries old, and there are others who think that they date from the first centuries of our era, or even earlier. Peeblesshire is particularly rich in these formations, and the terraces at Romanno are one of the best examples in the county.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Meeting notes for 11 May 1931.
Prehistoric Man at Tweed Bridge, Selkirk
Authors: Mason W D
Published: March 2023

An account of a flint scatter comprising numerous cores, scrapers and hammerstones. A bronze penannular bracelet was also found in the vicinity.
Names of Potters on Samian Ware found in Scotland
Authors: MacDonald George
Published: March 2023

A catalogue of all the known stamps with vessel type, provenance and date range is presented.
Notes on (1) Certain Prehistoric Relics from Orkney, and (2) Skara Brae: Its Culture and its Period
Authors: Callander J Graham
Published: March 2023

A report on a range of artefacts, mostly unprovenanced, including flint arrowheads, scrapers, axes, knives. pottery, stone axes and hammers and a carved stone ball. In relation to occupation at Skara Brae the author argues for an Iron Age rather than a Neolithic one.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2023

Front matter for Volume 65

Table of contents

List of illustrations

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1931

List of Corresponding members 1931

List of Honorary members November 1931

List of the Lady Associates November 1931

Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Notes on a Romano-British Cemetery in Hertfordshire
Authors: Westell W Percival
Published: March 2023

A summary account of seven seasons of excavation at Baldock. A total of 320 grave groups were identified along with objects from at least 100 others. Both cremation and inhumation burials were found. Objects were mainly pottery vessels with some of glass, bronze casket fittings and coins. Descriptions of selected grave groups are presented.
The Site of St Blane's Chapel in Rannoch
Authors: Lacaille A D
Published: March 2023

An account of a stone-built burial enclosure associated with the Stewarts of Inverhadden thought to stand on the site of the ancient chapel. A carved stone and a recess which once held a holy water stoup are discussed in some detail.