bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible influence of sex on the relationship between dual-task gait costs and cognitive decline in older adults
Authors: Christova Monica , Fresnoza Shane , Palli Christoph , Staubmann Wolfgang , Guggenberger Bernhard
Published: January 2025

The impact of cognitive decline in older adults can be evaluated with dual-task gait (DTG) testing in which a cognitive task is performed during walking, leading to increased costs of gait. Previous research demonstrated that higher DTG costs correlate with increasing cognitive deficits and with age. The present study was conducted to explore whether the relationship between the DTG costs and cognitive abilities in older individuals is influenced by sex differences. To address this objective, we conducted a study with 216 elderly participants (age range: 60 to 75 years, 127 females). These underwent Cognitive Functional Dementia (CFD) testing to determine their cognitive abilities and DTG testing to evaluate their gait parameters (gait speed, cadence, stride length, stride variance, and stance phase duration) while performing a backward serial number counting task. We carried out a correlation analysis between the CFD scores and the DTG costs. The DTG costs were calculated as the percentage difference between the gait parameters in single- and in dual-task testing, and the effects were compared considering the factors of sex and age. A significant negative correlation between the CFD scores and the dual-task costs of gait parameters was found only in males. The DTG costs did not differ between the sexes, while women obtained superior scores in the CFD test. The higher DTG costs significantly correlated with older age in men. In summary, our study provides evidence that, unlike in women, the DTG costs during the backward serial number counting task significantly increase in older men, correlating with declines in cognitive performance and increasing age. These findings suggest that the assessment of DT gait characteristics in relation to cognitive decline in older adults may manifest differently between sexes.
Study on the cooling effect of the parallel perforated ventilation subgrade in permafrost regions based on the numerical model
Authors: Liu Xiaolan , Fu Chuanwei , Cheng Xinglei
Published: January 2025

The runway in permafrost regions has remarkable temperature sensitivity. Therefore, this paper puts forward to the parallel perforated ventilation subgrade. The reliability and validity of the finite element model of the runway with the parallel perforated ventilation subgrade are verified by comparing with the previous studies. And the cooling effect of the parallel perforated ventilation subgrade is analyzed. Results show that the parallel perforated ventilation subgrade has a significant cooling effect on the pavement and has little cooling effect in the natural ground. Compared with the non-ventilation subgrade, temperature time-history curves for the parallel perforated ventilation subgrade change periodically each year and are gradually lower with the growth of time. Temperature-depth curves for the parallel perforated ventilation subgrade change significantly at the insulation layer, the crushed rock layer, and the perforated ventilation. The air velocity and working time of the parallel perforated ventilation have no effect on the temperature of the surface layer, base layer, and subbase layer, have little effect on the temperature of the insulation layer, and have great effect on the temperature of the crushed rock layer and subgrade. This study provides scientific support for the design, construction, and maintenance of the runway in permafrost regions.
Social ecology of artisanal sand mining in the Niger River around Bamako, Mali
Authors: Hemmler Katharina Salomea , Camara Bouraima , Buerkert Andreas
Published: January 2025

Sand, shaping both natural waterways and urban infrastructure, has recently seen a major surge in extraction, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions like West Africa. To assess the organization, quantification, and socio-ecological implications of sand mining around Mali’s capital Bamako, we employed a mixed methods approach including structured and unstructured interviews, truck counts, turbidity analyses, and river depth measurements. Our study identified five artisanal systems for mining sand and gravel from the Niger River, using tied-up pirogues, single pirogues, carts, tractors, and trucks. Recent increases in extracted quantities, workforce size, and sand prices were observed, resulting in an estimated annual extraction of 4.86 million m3 in 2022, mainly sourced from upstream of Bamako. With extraction rates surpassing natural replenishment, the riverbed in the study communities of Gouni and Usine Toch has reportedly lowered by 1.4 m and 1.8 m during the last 50 years. Mining activities are highly informal, characterized by self-organization, low and irregular salaries, and unsafe working conditions, particularly for women. Economically, sand mining activities have created symbiotic relationships rather than conflicts with local farming, fishing and other livelihoods. Sand mining operations did not significantly affect the Niger River’s water turbidity, which varied primarily with seasonal rainfall fluctuations. Recent developments suggest that mining activities are accelerating, with mechanized practices likely to replace current artisanal methods and underlying social structures.
Mechanical properties of a polylactic 3D-printed interim crown after thermocycling
Authors: Doh Re-Mee , Choi Won-Il , Kim Seo Young , Jung Bock-Young
Published: January 2025

Polylactic acid (PLA) has garnered attention for use in interim dental restorations due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cost, ease of fabrication, and moderate strength. However, its performance under intraoral conditions, particularly under heat and moisture, remains underexplored. This study evaluated the mechanical properties of PLA interim crowns compared with those of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and bisphenol crowns under simulated intraoral conditions with thermocycling. Three CAD/CAM polymers—PMMA (milling), PLA (fused deposition), and bisphenol (stereolithography)—were tested for fracture resistance, hardness, and surface roughness. For fracture strength, 25 crowns from each group were cemented onto dies. The Shore D hardness and surface roughness were measured on round discs before and after 10,000 thermocycles (5°C/55°C). The surface topography was assessed via scanning electron microscopy. PMMA exhibited the highest fracture strength (2787.93 N), followed by bisphenol (2165.47 N) and PLA (2088.78 N), with no significant difference between the latter two. PMMA and bisphenol showed vertical fractures and cracks, whereas PLA showed crown tearing or die deformation. Bisphenol had the highest Shore D hardness, followed by PMMA and PLA, with no significant changes after thermocycling. The surface roughness (Ra) was lowest for bisphenol and similar between PMMA and PLA. The roughness (Rz) increased from bisphenol to PMMA to PLA. The roughness of the PMMA remained unchanged after thermocycling, whereas the Ra but not the Rz of the PLA increased. Bisphenol showed a significant increase in both Ra and Rz (p<0.0001). In conclusion, PLA interim crowns demonstrated mechanical properties comparable to those of conventional PMMA and bisphenol crowns after thermocycling.
Judges versus artificial intelligence in juror decision-making in criminal trials: Evidence from two pre-registered experiments
Authors: Watamura Eiichiro , Liu Yichen , Ioku Tomohiro
Published: January 2025

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) is anticipated to play a significant role in criminal trials involving citizen jurors. Prior studies have suggested that AI is not widely preferred in ethical decision-making contexts, but little research has compared jurors’ reliance on judgments by human judges versus AI in such settings.

Objectives

This study examined whether jurors are more likely to defer to judgments by human judges or AI, especially in cases involving mitigating circumstances in which human-like reasoning may be valued.

Methods

Two pre-registered online experiments were conducted with Japanese participants (Experiment 1: N = 1,735, Mage = 48.4; Experiment 2: N = 1,731, Mage = 48.5). Participants reviewed two murder trial vignettes and made sentencing decisions (1 = suspended sentence; 8 = prison sentence) under two conditions: trials with and without mitigating circumstances.

Results and conclusion

Across both experiments, participants showed no preference for deferring to human judges’ or AI judgments when making sentencing decisions. While suspended sentences were more common in cases with mitigating circumstances, this tendency was unrelated to the judgment source. These findings suggest that jurors do not inherently avoid algorithmic judgments and may consider AI opinions on par with those of human judges in certain contexts. However, whether this leads to improved decision-making quality remains an open question, as objectivity (a strength of AI) and emotional considerations (a safeguard for fairness) may interact in complex ways during juror deliberations. Future research should further explore how these factors influence juror attitudes and decisions in diverse trial scenarios, taking into account potential biases in existing literature.
Childhood trauma and subclinical PTSD symptoms predict adverse effects and worse outcomes across two mindfulness-based programs for active depression
Authors: Canby Nicholas K. , Cosby Elizabeth A. , Palitsky Roman , Kaplan Deanna M. , Lee Josie , Mahdavi Golnoosh , Lopez Adrian A. , Goldman Roberta E. , Eichel Kristina , Lindahl Jared R. , Britton Willoughby B.
Published: January 2025

Within mindfulness-based programs (MBPs), mixed results have been found for the role of childhood trauma as a moderator of depression outcomes. Furthermore, childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms have been identified as possible risk factors for the occurrence of meditation-related adverse effects (MRAE). The present research examined multiple forms of childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms as predictors of depression treatment outcomes and MRAEs. Various forms of childhood trauma (e.g., abuse and neglect) were examined as predictors of depression treatment outcomes and participant attrition using secondary analyses of two MBP clinical trials (N = 52 and 104, respectively). Study 2 also examined meditation-related side effects (MRSE) and MRAE as outcomes and current subclinical and past PTSD symptoms as predictors. Childhood trauma led to worse depression outcomes across both study 1 and study 2, such that total childhood trauma and childhood sexual abuse were significant predictors across both studies. Childhood sexual abuse predicted attrition in study 2. Finally, multiple forms of childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms predicted MRSE, while total childhood trauma, childhood emotional abuse, and subclinical PTSD symptoms predicted lasting MRAE. Childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms may lead to worse outcomes and a greater occurrence of adverse effects within MBPs for active depression. These results call for further trauma-sensitive modifications, safety monitoring, participant screening, and provider education when implementing these programs.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter spp. in broiler chicken carcasses and hygiene practises in informal urban markets in a low-income setting
Authors: Okello Pius , Bjöersdorff Olivia Graaf , Hansson Ingrid , Boqvist Sofia , Erume Joseph
Published: January 2025

Campylobacteriosis is one of the most commonly reported foodborne diseases and is of particular importance in low-income countries. More data is needed to better understand the epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. in food sold at informal markets, where most people in low-income countries buy their food. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Campylobacter spp. among broiler chicken carcasses sold at informal urban markets in Uganda and to gain more knowledge about hygienic handling practices and awareness of foodborne bacterial diseases among the market vendors. In total, 120 broiler chicken carcasses from 30 different markets were analysed using ISO 10272 and confirmed by PCR. AMR analyses were performed using the disc diffusion test. Epidemiological data on food safety practices and awareness was collected from the vendors using a questionnaire. Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 66% (79/120) of the carcasses; 32% were C. jejuni, 14% were C. coli and 54% comprised of a mixture of both species. All C. jejuni isolates showed resistance to tetracycline, 88% to ciprofloxacin and 28% to erythromycin. Of the C. coli isolates, 82% showed resistance to tetracycline, 73% to erythromycin and the quinolones ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. More than half of the vendors had heard about food-borne illnesses, but none knew about Campylobacter spp., and the knowledge regarding hygienic practices was low. These data calls for urgent interventions to improve food safety, protect the public from foodborne illness, and prevent the spreading of AMR.
In vitro cytotoxicity (irritant potency) of toothpaste ingredients
Authors: Kasi Shaira R. , Roffel Sanne , Özcan Mutlu , Gibbs Susan , Feilzer Albert J.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity (irritant potency) of toothpaste ingredients, of which some had known to have sensitizing properties.

Materials

From the wide variety of toothpaste ingredients, Xylitol, Propylene glycol (PEG), Sodium metaphosphate (SMP), Lemon, Peppermint, Fluoride, Cinnamon, and Triclosan and Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) have been selected for evaluation of their cytotoxic properties.

Methods

Reconstructed human gingiva (RHG) were topically exposed to toothpaste ingredients at different concentrations. The compound concentration resulting in 50% cell death (EC50) and 10% cell death (EC10) was determined by the MTT assay. Detrimental effects in tissue histology were observed by hematoxylin & eosin staining of tissue sections followed by microscopy.

Results

While Xylitol, PEG, and SMP did not appear to affect cell viability or tissue histology, the concentrations of Lemon, Peppermint, Cinnamon and SDS present in toothpastes exceeded the EC50 value and resulted in clear detrimental effects in tissue histology, indicating that they could harm the oral mucosa. Triclosan and Fluoride concentrations in the tested toothpastes exceeded the EC10 value but remained below the EC50 value with no clear detrimental effects in tissue histology.

Clinical significance

Manufacturers are encouraged to comply with higher standards of quality and safety for toothpaste.
‘This Is My Place’: Considering the potential of place-based community music for community well-being and sustainability
Authors: Evison Fiona
Published: January 2025

Community music incorporating place-themed activities can be used in inclusive musical activities to build social bonds within specific locations. This assertion is explored by reporting on a Canadian place-themed community music capstone, and considering its potentialities in light of societal issues identified by the United Nations’s sustainable development goals (SDGs). Details are provided of the capstone’s design as a collaborative, co-led participatory concert-lecture on the role of community composers and relational composition. Participant perspectives are discussed through composer Pete Moser’s framework of a sense of place and in relation to well-being and potential applicability to various SDGs. Themes of ‘Affirmation and Celebration of Inclusive Community Music’, ‘Feelings of Safe Participation’, ‘Accomplishment through Relational Composition’ and ‘Community Music Philosophy Challenges’ indicate the joys and complexities of sustainable community music practice. Implications of benefits and challenges experienced in the capstone and future project possibilities are considered, alongside how place-themed approaches might further community education, environmental care and the creation of peaceful, inclusive societies.
‘It’s like you’re an activist’: Sustainable teaching practices in a music outreach project in London
Authors: Rivas Javier , Cavett Esther
Published: January 2025

This article contributes to current conversations on the potential for participatory music-making to promote sustainable human coexistence. We attend to the experiences and collaborative learning practices of teachers working in a community music school and outreach initiative known as the King’s – St George’s Academy, based in Southwark, London. In order to interrogate how teachers make sense of their experience at the Academy, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed through interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings suggest that participation in the Academy facilitates processes of self-reflection, personal growth and cultural exchange among teachers. Teachers become part of an organic network where innovative pedagogical practices are discussed and adopted. We conclude that the development of certain ‘rhizomatic’ attitudes and structures in the context of the classroom can contribute to imagining alternative ways of thinking about the self, music-making and society at large.
A classroom study on the perception and production of Basque sibilant fricatives by native speakers of English
Authors: Beristain Ander
Published: January 2025

This study examines the production and perception of the three Basque sibilant fricatives by L1 English learners in a semester-long university course. Basque has three sibilant fricatives: lamino-alveolar (/s̻/), apico-alveolar (/s̺/), and pre-palatal (/ʃ/) sounds. Acoustically, the first two sounds share similarities with English /s/ and /ʃ/, respectively. L2 phonology theories posit that learners will map the production and perception of L2 sounds to (similar) sounds in their native language. Afterwards, they will create new categories based on the phonetic proximity of the new sounds and those in their native language. Ten students enrolled in a Beginners’ Basque course and two native speakers of Basque serving as control group undertook a read-aloud task (Experiment 1) followed by an ABX discrimination task (Experiment 2) during Week 5 of classes. Center of Gravity and accuracy scores were extracted. Results show that learners tended to merge the two apical sibilants into an English /s/-like sound. Accuracy scores between the two alveolar sibilants in Basque were significantly lower than the other sound contrasts.
Ohar bat Zuberoako bokal asimilazioen kronologiaz
Authors: Padilla-Moyano Manuel
Published: January 2025

Zuberoa osoan obratu ziren bokalen arteko elkarreraginez harago (hots, konbentzio ordinarioan [e + a > ia], [o + a > ua] & [ü + a > ia] arauetan adierazten direnak), une batetik aitzina bokal asimilazio deitu ohi diren aldaketa berriagoak abiatu ziren, arras modu sinplifikatuan [í + a > í] & [ú + a > ú] bezala formula daitezkeenak. Egun, aldaketa bigarrendar horiek zubereraren barneko desberdintasun markagarrienetarik dira, beharbada ezaugarri intradialektal nagusi. Lan honek Zuberoako bokal asimilazioen kronologia du jomuga. Gaiaz dakiguna bildurik (§ 1), Zuberoako testu zaharren lekukotza ekarriko dugu (§ 2), eta egungo hizkuntzatik hurbil diren datuak aztertuko ditugu (§ 3). Ondoren, asimilazio bokalikoen kronologiaz eta hedaduraz arituko gara (§ 4), ondorio batera etortzeko (§ 5).
Hungarian Emerging
Authors: Archangeli Diana , Pulleyblank Douglas
Published: January 2025

Phonological theories tend to focus on the end point of learning, the adult grammar, assuming some innate linguistic component determines the nature of the grammar that is acquired. In Emergent phonology, we explore the hypothesis that adult grammars take the shapes they have because they can be acquired; we go further and propose that there is no innate linguistic component for phonological acquisition. Given these hypotheses, grammars are acquired piecemeal and learners rapidly generalise over subparts of the lexicon. One prediction is that we expect languages to have regularities with widely differing effect – both general patterns and subpatterns that exist but only in a narrow domain. We test this hypothesis against Hungarian vowel harmony, a harmony pattern that is often described as involving both [back] harmony and [round] harmony, despite the fact that the language has nonharmonic suffixes, suffixes with limited harmony, disharmony, antiharmony, and both transparency and opacity. In particular, we discuss patterns of suffix alternation involving harmony. The patterns, morphologically determined, range from no alternation, to alternating only along the front-back dimension, to alternating in terms of both backness and rounding, to alternating in terms of backness, rounding and height.
Constraints in code-switching: a case study from Basque and Spanish
Authors: Isasi-Isasmendi Arrate , Epelde Irantzu
Published: January 2025

In the present study we analyze two features in Basque-Spanish code-switching data: (1) phonological mixing in intraword position involving phoneme /θ/ and (2) switches between pronouns and verbs. Both features have been discussed for several language pairs but have so far remained unexplored in the case of Basque and Spanish. The MELAN corpus on Basque-Spanish language contact is used in this study to obtain code-switching data and test the predictions of the two most influential theoretical frameworks for code-switching (the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model and the Minimalist Approach) for these particular features. The results at the phonological level reveal that Basque-Spanish code-switching resembles most other language pairs in avoiding phonemes from different phonological systems within words, although counter-examples are found and should probably be interpreted as signals of sound change in Basque. Conversely, the results from the analysis of pronoun-verb switch cases reveal that in Basque-Spanish data, switches take place in positions disallowed by current models and unaccepted in several other language pairs. The findings suggest that the ergative case marking in Basque may play a role in the grammaticality of the pronoun-verb switch patterns.
Subjektu ezabatuko inpertsonalak: euskara, katalana eta gaztelania, gai beraren gaineko bariazioak
Authors: Fernández Beatriz , Berro Ane , Pérez Saldanya Manuel , Ortiz de Urbina Jon
Published: January 2025

Lan honetan subjektu ezabatuko inpertsonalak aztertu ditugu, alegia, subjektua inplizitua eta zehaztugabea duten egiturak. Euskaraz zein katalanez, egitura horiek iragangaiztutzat hartu izan dira, aditz iragankorren kasuan argumentu bi gabe, bakarra ahoskatzen delako. Euskaraz, *edun aditz laguntzailearen ordez izan erabiltzen da, eta katalanaren kasuan ES klitikoa gaineratzen da. Lan honetan erakusten dugu egitura hauetan subjektua sintaktikoki indarrean dagoela eta, hortaz, Blevinsen (2003) subjektu ezabatuko inpertsonaltzat hartu behar direla. Nolanahi ere, morfologiak bestela pentsatzera eramaten gaitu kasu batzuetan: katalanez zein gaztelaniaz, ES/SE-egituretako gai argumentuak subjektu baten modura jokatzen du batzuetan, aditz laguntzailearekin komunztadura egiten duelako eta klitikorik onartzen ez duelako.
Euskarazko terminologiaren hasiera fonetika-fonologien arloan
Authors: Gómez-López Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Ekarpen honen helburua fonetika eta fonologiarekin lotutako euskarazko terminologiaren lehen urratsak aztertzea da. Horretarako 1936 arte euskaraz idatzitako gramatika-lanak, euskaraz irakurtzen irakasteko kartillak eta hotsen arazoei buruz euskaraz jardun zuten artikuluak arakatu ditut, lan horietan agertzen diren terminoak bildu ditut eta haietako batzuk iruzkindu ditut. Azterketak erakutsi du lan zaharrenetan agertzen diren termino gehienak mailegatuak direla. Halaber, hitzberrigintzari dagokionez, Larramendiren hitz berriak xix. mende hasieran agertzen hasi ziren eta xx. mende hasiera arteko adibideak ditugu; bestalde, xix. mende amaieratik aurrera Azkuek eta batik bat Arana Goirik sortutako hitz berriak dira nagusi.
Sare sozialetako mezuei alderdi fonologikotik begiratuz
Authors: Jauregi Oroitz
Published: January 2025

Gaztesare sare sozialetan erabiltzen den hizkuntzaren alderdi desberdinetako deskribapena eta analisia egiteko ikerketa taldearen datu basea oinarri hartuta, sare sozialetako (Instagram, Facebook) idatzizko jardunari fonetika eta fonologiaren alderditik egindako gogoeta saioa biltzen da lan honetan. Alderdi fonetiko-fonologikotik begiratzeko ahozko jarduna datu iturri ohikoena eta zuzenena izanda ere, idatzizko iturrietara joatea ez da hainbestetan egiten; aldiz, saio honetan hori egin nahi izan da egun gazteek erabiltzen duten hizkeraren azterketa egiteko. Sare sozialetako hizkeraren ezaugarri esanguratsu zenbait zerrendatzeaz gain, ezaugarri horiek Gaztesareko datu basean zer nola betetzen diren eskaintzen da.
Lujanbio abizenaren historiarako zenbait datu
Authors: Lujanbio Oihana
Published: January 2025

Lanaren helburua Lujanbio abizenaren historian arakatzea da. Horretarako, EAEko Erregistro Sakramentalen artxibo elektronikoak baliatu dira, batez ere. Lujanbio abizenak aldaerak dituela ezagun da, Lukanbio eta Luxanbio, adibidez. Azterketan zehar aldaera gehiago aurkitu dira, horien artean Lusanbio, Usanbio, Uzanbio, Luxandio eta Luganbio. Erro posiblea bilatzea ere izan du helburu lanak eta Luxan, Lujan, Lucan, Lusan, Luzan eta Luxa, Luja, Luca, Luga, Lusa, Luza, Lucha abizenak topatu dira. Agertu dira -e- erroa duten aldaera batzuk ere: Lesanbio, Lexanbioa, Lejanvigo. Hari horri tiraka, paralelismo batzuk topatu dira Lexan eta Luxan sailekoen artean. Datu horien gainean, idazkera desberdinen jatorriaz eta beren ahoskerez hausnartzea du helburu artikulu honek.
Fonologia, fonologiak: Fonologia Naturalari buruzko gogoetak J. I. Hualderen omenez
Authors: Oñederra Miren Lourdes
Published: January 2025

Artikulu honen helburu da Hualdek fonologiari egindako ekarpen itzela ospatzea. D. Dinnsenek Current approaches to phonological theory argitaratu eta gutxira, biok ia batera abiatzea fonologian izan nuen lehen bultzada fonologia egiteko modu desberdinez pentsatzen hasteko. Bide teoriko deberdinak aukeratu genituen euskal fonologia analizatzeko. Hemen garrantzizkotzat jotzen ditudan David Stamperen Fonologia Naturalaren funtsezko ideien laburbilduma bat eskaintzen da.
-ubV epentesiaren bilakabide historikoaz
Authors: Zuloaga Eneko
Published: January 2025

Garai batean bokal-eufonia deitutako fenomeno-multzoari buruzko ikerketa ugari egin ziren euskal dialektologia sinkronikoaren esparruan, baina fenomeno horien azterketa diakronikoa ez dago hain aurreratuta, arreta gutxiago eman baitzaie, fenomeno historikoak diren heinean historiaurrea berreraikitzeko aukerarik ematen ez dutela eta. Lan honek -ubV ereduko epentesiaren bilakabide historikoaren berri dakar. Zehazki, epentesiaren lehenengo lekukotasunak, ageri den lurraldeak eta erabileraren joera historikoa(k) ditu aztergai: berrikuntza Euskara Zaharraz geroztik sortu eta hedatu zen eta, testu-corpus historikoa lagun, garai horietan izandako bilakaeraren aurkezten da hemen, bai hizkera herrikoiei begira, bai euskalkietako tradizio inprimatu kanonikoan izandako lekuari begira.
Zorioneko, zorion eta Larramendi: Filologia ala hil II
Authors: Lakarra Joseba Andoni
Published: January 2025

Zorion eta zorioneko Larramendik asmatu, eratu, edo adiera berriz hornitu eta, batez ere, —zuzenean eta zeharka— zabaldutako hitzak dira, Hiztegi Hirukoitzaren aitzineko agerraldi garbi gutxirekin eta ordura arteko eta are ondoko hainbat mendetako fortuna, ditxa, felizitate eta beren eratorrien lekukotasun ugariren aldamen edo bazterrean. Larramendiren borondate eta lan horren erakusgarri nabarmenak aurkitzen dira HHn eta haren gainerako testuetan, tartean 1740ko Asuntzioko Sermoian, Burgosko Dotrinan eta enparauetan.
Larramendi ondoko lekukotasunek erakusten dutenez, mende bateko tartean euskara idatzian —bereziki Hegoan eta gero apalago Iparraldean— hitzok hedadura erraldoia hartu zuten, hainbat non bat baino gehiago horiek betidanikotzat jotzeko arriskuan eror litekeen; testuek, ordea, oso bestelako historiaren berme ditugu. Akabuko isatsetan (§§ 7.1-7.3) morfologia diakronikoaren, testu-lekukotasunen nahiz aipatu maileguen lexikalizazioaren historiez dakigunaz baliaturik zorioneko-ren eta zorion-en zahartasun protohistorikoaren egiantz urria markatzen dugu, hainbat datu eta gogoeta gogoangarri bilduaz.
Ditched and walled enclosures in Prehistoric Iberia (4th-3rd millennia cal. BCE): Like oil and water
Authors: Jiménez-Jáimez Víctor , García-García Marcos , López-López Adara , Wheatley David W.
Published: January 2025

Iberian Copper Age «ditched» and «walled» enclosure sites are often thought to represent two clearly distinguishable groups of sites. However, the discovery of sites where both ditches and walls are present («mixed sites») complicates things. There are good reasons to question whether the aforementioned dichotomy is real, or if, instead, it is largely an artifact of research, resulting from a combination of poorly preserved archaeological contexts and inadequate survey strategies and methods which missed the potential integration of both building techniques at the same sites. This paper will address this problem from a Pan-Iberianperspective, as we will compare type-sites across multiple Iberian regions. We shall formulate and test seven relevant hypotheses by undertaking multiple comparative analyses at various scales on top of a purpose-built database including 345 sites. Among others, we will address questions such as: How frequent or rare are mixed sites? Is the perceived duality of the archaeological record (ditched versus walled) a by-product of preservation issues or the differential availability of certain building materials?Did walled and ditched enclosures really coexist in spaceand time? We conclude that: (a) Chalcolithic Iberian enclosures are markedly dichotomous (ditched vs walled); (b) «mixed» sites are rare exceptions rather than the rule; (c) walled and ditched enclosures show important differences in key features (topographic setting, geographical distribution); (d) such differences cannot be solely attributed to geological factors. The paper will end with a discussion of possible explanations for this dichotomy.
Broches de cinturón de la serie bizantina hallados en la necrópolis de la villa de Los Villaricos (Mula, Murcia) (siglo VII d. C.)
Authors: González Fernández Rafael , Vizcaíno Sánchez Jaime , Ripoll Gisela , Fernández Matallana Francisco , Zapata Parra José Antonio , Martínez García José Javier
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo se estudian dos broches de cinturón del siglo VII d. C. procedentes del cementerio tardoantiguo que se sitúa sobre la pars urbana de la villa romana de los Villaricos (Mula, Murcia). A partir de la segunda mitad del siglo V, dicha necrópolis se emplazó junto al antiguo triclinium, convertido en edificio de culto. Se trata de dos piezas de indumentaria personal, variantes de los tipos Hippo Regius y Siracusa de la serie bizantina habitual en todo el Mediterráneo. El estudio formal, técnico, decorativo y arqueometalúrgico plantea su producción en un taller hispánico. Su hallazgo durante las últimas campañas de excavación y, con ello, el hecho de que cuenten con un contexto espacial y cronológico preciso respaldado por dataciones radiocarbónicas, ofrecen una nueva base para el análisis, dado que gran parte de los broches conocidos hasta ahora en la península ibérica son hallazgos antiguos o pertenecen a colecciones de origen diverso.
Caracterización de las prácticas ganaderas del yacimiento de Niuet (l’Alqueria d’Asnar, Alicante) en el contexto de los asentamientos del IV al III milenio a. C. en el este de la península ibérica
Authors: Navarrete Vanessa , Escribá-Ruiz Pilar , Garcia-Puchol Oreto , Bernabeu Aubán Joan , Pérez-Ripoll Manuel
Published: January 2025

El análisis arqueozoológico del yacimiento de Niuet (l’Alqueria d’Asnar, Alicante) ha permitido caracterizar la importancia económica de la ganadería durante el final del Neolítico en el valle medio del Serpis. Los resultados muestran el predominio de las especies domésticas sobre las silvestres. Aunque los caprinos son la especie más abundante, los bovinos adquieren una mayor importancia económica, evidenciando un cambio significativo en las estrategias ganaderas respecto al VI milenio cal. a. C. en el este peninsular. El actual registro arqueológico apunta a un mayor aprovechamiento de los productos secundarios, posiblemente influenciado por factores socioeconómicos y las condiciones favorables del entorno para el mantenimiento y explotación de los rebaños domésticos. Este trabajo contribuye al conocimiento sobre las estrategias ganaderas en poblados al aire libre, específicamente aquellos ubicados durante el IV milenio cal. a. C. antes de la metalurgia y el fenómeno campaniforme, facilitando la comprensión de los procesos de cambio durante este periodo en el valle del Serpis.
Evaluation of key undesirable morphological traits in Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) hybrid progenies
Authors: Tamilchelvan A , Thirumurugan T , Sassikumar D , Jeyaprakash P , Arul L , Thangeswari S , Nithila S , Porkodi G
Published: January 2025

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a key tropical crop grown mainly for sugar production and biofuel. Continuous improvement in sugarcane breeding is critical for developing high- yielding, stress-resistant varieties that address evolving agricultural and industrial demands. Although breeding programs typically focuses on desirable traits, studying undesirable traits is equally crucial to mitigate their negative impact on yield, quality and overall crop performance. This study evaluates undesirable morphological traits in sugarcane, specifically focusing on cane pithiness, growth cracks, leaf sheath adherence and hairiness within hybrid progenies. These traits negatively impact sugarcane quality and yield, posing challenges for breeding programs aimed at developing high-performing and resilient varieties. A total of 1,203 clones were assessed in clonal selection I across 27 parental combinations. A standardized scoring system was utilized to quantitatively evaluate pithiness and growth cracks, revealing distinct variations among parental genotypes. Leaf sheath adherence strength was determined through manual detachment tests, while hairiness was classified based on trichome presence. Key findings from the progeny evaluations identified parents such as Co 86032, ISH 100, Co 11015, ISH 69, Co 97015 and Co 98010 as consistently producing progeny with reduced pithiness and minimal growth cracks. Conversely, genotypes like CoV 89101, CoH 13, MS 68/47, CoC 671, CoH 70 and ISH 229 were associated with higher frequencies of undesirable traits. By refining hybridization strategies and focusing on specific parental combinations, this study aspires to enhance breeding efficiency, reduce the occurrence of inferior clones and ultimately improve the economic sustainability of sugarcane production.
The Courts in Shackles: Freedom of Speech in the Era of National Security in Hong Kong
Authors: Lo Celeste Tin Yan , Zhang Xiaoshan , Zhu Guobin
Published: January 2025

Hong Kong was once dubbed ‘the city of protest’, a seemingly derogatory description that actually highlights the vibrancy and vocality of this small international city. However, as the usually peaceful and orderly protests and demonstrations gradually degenerated into riots, arson, and criminal damage during the Anti-Extradition Protests in 2019, the Central People’s Government perceived a severe national security loophole in Hong Kong. In response, it swiftly imposed the highly controversial Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, in the absence of any sort of meaningful public consultation. International academic discourse often argues that the National Security Law has significantly restricted, if not entirely suffocated, freedom of expression in Hong Kong. This article acknowledges that freedom of expression in Hong Kong is indeed constrained within its social, political, and cultural context; however, it also seeks to explore how the courts in Hong Kong, often regarded as defenders of human rights and freedoms in the region, work to protect freedom of expression from being unduly curtailed under the guise of national security. Motivated by a strong interest in investigating the role of the Judiciary of Hong Kong, this article, after defining the meaning of freedom of speech in Hong Kong, examines several landmark cases in Hong Kong that involve the delicate balance between national security and freedom of expression. The central argument is that despite the restrictions imposed by the Law, the Hong Kong courts, now dancing with shackles, have endeavoured to use their judicial vehicles to safeguard freedom of speech. While the judicial approach adopted by the Hong Kong courts may not be as robust and straightforward as various interested parties in Hong Kong and in the international world would prefer; the strength and scope of protection of freedom of speech in Hong Kong has strengthened since the enactment of Bill of Rights Ordinance domesticated the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and has remained so in the pre-National Security Law era. Although the leeway for free speech has narrowed in the post-National Security Law era, such protection still surpasses that of Hong Kong’s early colonial days before the Bill of Rights Ordinance was enacted and essentially remains consistent with the new constitutional order of Hong Kong. The Hong Kong courts can always be seen as dedicated guardians of freedom of expression within the domestic context and should be trusted as such.
Aspectual Compresence
Authors: Aguisoul Youssef
Published: January 2025

Some properties come necessarily clustered. Something, a clustering device, must necessarily keep them clustered. Compresence is one candidate, and it is unclear how to understand it. I discern two aspects of it: compresence as simultaneity and compresence as co-location. Then I clarify certain issues over it, particularly regarding whether or not it is transitive and whether or not it figures in the bundle. Contrary to popular belief, I argue that compresence, under the two-aspectual reading, is transitive and constitutive of the bundle.
Salud mental y autocuidado en el personal paramédico prehospitalario
Authors: Cervantes Ochoa Jazmín , González Arzola Jessica Fabiola , Galván Rocha Andrea Guadalupe , Chávez Solís Elionay Guadalupe , Moreno Pulido Ma. Elvira , Caudillo Ortega Lucía , Rodriguez Espinoza Alexa Fernanda
Published: January 2025

La salud mental del personal de salud de emergencias prehospitalarias está significativamente afectada por el estrés y las situaciones traumáticas a las que se enfrentan regularmente. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la salud mental y los niveles de autocuidado en el personal paramédico que laboran en áreas prehospitalarias. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se empleó un muestreo por conveniencia e intencionado. Los resultados muestran que, aunque muchos profesionales no presentan síntomas severos de depresión, un porcentaje notable experimenta niveles elevados de ansiedad y estrés. La exposición constante a escenarios de crisis contribuye a una alta prevalencia de trastornos mentales en este grupo. en términos de autocuidado. Se observa que los puntajes más bajos se encuentran en los dominios de autoconsciencia y autocuidado general, indicando áreas donde se requiere mayor atención. Sin embargo, los dominios relacionados con las relaciones y las prácticas espirituales obtienen puntajes más altos, sugiriendo que el apoyo social y las prácticas espirituales juegan un papel crucial en su bienestar. Se concluye que la falta de datos específicos y de programas de intervención enfocados en el autocuidado del personal de emergencias destaca la necesidad urgente de desarrollar estrategias que promuevan el bienestar mental. Implementar medidas como la limitación de horas de trabajo, el fomento del trabajo en equipo y la promoción de prácticas de relajación y estilos de vida saludables es esencial para mejorar la salud mental y la calidad de vida de estos profesionales. Abordar estos aspectos es fundamental para asegurar su eficacia en la prestación de atención médica y su bienestar general.
Factors that influence women's work-life balance
Authors: Valdez Bocanegra Heira Georgina , Aguilar Arredondo Beatriz Adriana
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the literature on the factors that influence women's work-life balance, through six dimensions:gratifications, interference of personal and work time, partner and parenting, healthcare, household responsibilities and free time. In terms of remuneration, women give greater weight to the emotional salary than to the economic salary. Working mothers face great challenges in reconciling their time, because at work they have distractions from their personal lives, and vice versa. The gender roles established by society expect that raising children and household chores are their responsibility, regardless of whether they have a paid job. The overload of this "double shift" influences their physical and mental health. Finally, women have little or no free time, which allows them to prioritize their health or to practice a hobby.
Contaminación del aire y su impacto la función de vías respiratorias de pequeño calibre: un estudio comparativo en niños del Estado de Guanajuato
Authors: Guiza Landeros Andrés Fernando , Rodríguez Morales Javier Antonio , Bermúdez-Pérez Rocío Stephanie , Hernández-Hernández Diana Laura , Linares-Segovia Benigno
Published: January 2025

La contaminación del aire es un problema crítico de salud pública, especialmente en áreas urbanas e industrializadas, donde los contaminantes emitidos por vehículos y la combustión de combustibles fósiles afectan la salud respiratoria. En el estado de Guanajuato, se han identificado 3 ciudades con altos niveles de contaminación del aire, con niveles elevados de PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 y CO2. Diversos estudios han demostrado que los flujos espiratorios podrían ser un indicador de los cambios en la función pulmonar inducidos por contaminantes del aire. Evaluar la función pulmonar medida en relación a los flujos espiratorios (FEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75%, FEF25-75% y PEF) en niños expuestos y no expuestos a contaminantes del aire. Se realizó un estudio observacional, comparativo y transversal en niños de 6 a 12 años expuestos y no expuestos a contaminantes del aire. Se empleó el Cuestionario de Salud Respiratoria del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias para obtener antecedentes sociodemográficos y clínicos. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y espirométricas, incluyendo el flujo espiratorio medio (FEF25-75%), el flujo espiratorio máximo (PEF) y los flujos espiratorios instantáneos (FEF25%, FEF50% y FEF75%). Los parámetros espirométricos mostraron diferencias no significativas en la mayoría de los casos entre los niños expuestos y no expuestos a contaminantes del aire. El fujo el FEF25-75% fue significativamente menor en el grupo de expuestos. Los flujos espiratorios son menores en niños expuestos a contaminantes del aire, en especial el Flujo Espiratorio Medio (FEF25-75%).
Exposición a biomasa y su asociación a la función pulmonar en población pediátrica
Authors: García García Mariela , Murillo Aranda Gerardo , Bermúdez-Pérez Rocío Stephanie , Hernández-Hernández Diana Laura , Linares-Segovia Benigno
Published: January 2025

La exposición a contaminantes del aire, particularmente a través de la quema de biomasa, representa un desafío significativo para la salud infantil. La biomasa libera contaminantes como partículas finas y compuestos tóxicos, que pueden afectar negativamente la función pulmonar. Se ha documentado el impacto de estos contaminantes en adultos, la evidencia sobre su efecto específico en niños sigue siendo insuficiente. Este estudio se propone investigar la relación entre la exposición a biomasa y los parámetros de función pulmonar en la población pediátrica. Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal con 165 niños en Guanajuato, México, expuestos y no expuestos a biomasa. Se aplico el cuestionario de salud respiratoria y se evaluó la función pulmonar mediante espirometría forzada. Los parámetros de función pulmonar como FVC y FEV1 fueron similares entre los expuestos y no expuestos, la relación FEV1/FVC fue significativamente menor en los expuestos (t=2.17, p=0.03), lo que indica una mayor prevalencia de alteración de la función pulmonar en este grupo. La obstrucción leve fue más frecuente en los expuestos (52.4% vs. 37.0%, p=0.04). La exposición a biomasa podría estar asociada con una ligera disminución en la relación FEV1/FVC, y mayor frecuencia de alteraciones de la función pulmonar de tipo obstructivo.
Agrifotónica: Aplicación de las Tecnologías Fotónicas en el Sector Agrícola
Authors: Juárez Valencia Ricardo Brayan , León Mendoza Alejandro , Jiménez Sanchez Omar , Cabrera Elias Jesus Arath , Shulika Oleksiy
Published: January 2025

En este artículo, se presenta una técnica basada en la espectroscopía para caracterizar las propiedades ópticas de las plantas a través de los espectros de reflectancia y transmitancia. Esta técnica permite ahorrar tiempo y recursos en la evaluación de la salud vegetal. Se realizaron pruebas de caracterización en hojas de diferentes estados, desde verdes y sanas hasta secas y marchitas. La variación en los espectros obtenidos se debe a la composición química y los pigmentos de las hojas, los cuales cambian según su estado. Todas las muestras de hojas se obtuvieron de un invernadero controlado, donde se monitorearon parámetros como humedad y temperatura, tanto de las plantas como del ambiente. Por último, se obtuvieron los coeficientes de reflectancia de las hojas de fresa de diferentes estados y diferentes lados de incidencia de la luz.
El español como identidad para hablantes de lengua de herencia inmigrante en Estados Unidos
Authors: Guerrero Rangel Nadia América , Gutiérrez Medina Nancy Araceli , Guzmán Mares Karen Guadalupe , Martínez Hernández Carol , Muñoz Jiménez Laura Dolores , Negrete Jaime María José , Montes Hernández Alma Laura
Published: January 2025

La presente investigación se centra en el análisis del aprendizaje y adquisición del español como lengua de herencia y su papel en la identidad lingüística. Es un estudio con padres migrantes y sus hijos que actualmente residen en el Estado de Pensilvania en Estados Unidos, en referencia al español como lengua de herencia. Este estudio se desarrolló después de un curso de español para niños y adolescentes ofrecido dentro de las prácticas profesionales y practica supervisada de la Licenciatura en la Enseñanza de Español como Segunda Lengua. La investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo holístico con diseño etnográfico y un objetivo heurístico. Los datos recolectados consistieron en una entrevista semiestructurada y cuentos realizados por los niños y adolescentes. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante categorías, en este artículo se analizan tres: Adquisición del Español, Aprendizaje del Español en Clases Extracurriculares y Convivencia entre dos idiomas y culturas. En cada categoría se realiza un análisis por parte de los investigadores y de los participantes. Al finalizar se responden a las preguntas de investigación planteadas.