bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organ Transplantation Outcomes of Deceased Organ Donors in Organ Procurement Organization-Based Recovery Facilities Versus Acute-Care Hospitals
Authors: Vail Emily A. , Schaubel Douglas E. , Abt Peter L. , Martin Niels D. , Reese Peter P. , Neuman Mark D.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Recovery of donated organs at organ procurement organization (OPO)-based recovery facilities has been proposed to improve organ donation outcomes, but few data exist to characterize differences between facilities and acute-care hospitals.

Research Question

To compare donation outcomes between organ donors that underwent recovery procedures in OPO-based recovery facilities and hospitals.

Design

Retrospective study of Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data. From a population-based sample of deceased donors after brain death April 2017 to June 2021, donation outcomes were examined in 10 OPO regions with organ recovery facilities. Primary exposure was organ recovery procedure in an OPO-based organ recovery. Primary outcome was the number of organs transplanted per donor. Multivariable regression models were used to adjust for donor characteristics and managing OPO.

Results

Among 5010 cohort donors, 2590 (51.7%) underwent recovery procedures in an OPO-based facility. Donors in facilities differed from those in hospitals, including recovery year, mechanisms of death, and some comorbid diseases. Donors in OPO-based facilities had higher total numbers of organs transplanted per donor (mean 3.5 [SD1.8] vs 3.3 [SD1.8]; adjusted mean difference 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.18-0.36). Organ recovery at an OPO-based facility was also associated with more lungs, livers, and pancreases transplanted.

Conclusion

Organ recovery procedures at OPO-based facilities were associated with more organs transplanted per donor than in hospitals. Increasing access to OPO-based organ recovery facilities may improve rates of organ transplantation from deceased organ donors, although further data are needed on other important donor management quality metrics.
“Of War Tanks and Military Memorabilia”: A Look at the Conservation of Military Collections at the Zimbabwe Military Museum (ZMM)
Authors: Chitima Simbarashe Shadreck , Zevure Amos
Published: March 2023

A historiography of museums since the cabinets of curiosity shows evidence that museums have been seized with the acquisition, conservation, and exhibition of collections for public consumption. National museums have, in different contexts, assumed the role of public heritage protector and educator of national history. They have also served as a vehicle for negotiating national identities. As museums seek to good care of its collections, the public’s expectation is that their heritage is in good hands when under museum administration. Sometimes, however, due to several challenges that are context specific this role has been found not to be easy. This study focuses specifically on evaluating the efficacy of conservation measures of artifacts on display employed at the Zimbabwe Military Museum (ZMM). The study employed qualitative and case study research approaches where interviews as well as observations were deployed as research instruments. The study reveals that artifacts in display cases and those in open displays are deteriorating at un-precedented levels chiefly due to lack of purpose built infrastructure, conservation equipment, policy frameworks, and staff training. Identified agents of deterioration were human factors, light, pollution, temperature and relative humidity. In addition, statues were broken, metal collections corroding, paper and photographs fading, and showing signs of discoloration as well as textile collections weakening. In sum, conservation measures employed at the ZMM are constrained hence artifacts on display are more susceptible to deterioration and destruction.
Esports as a Cultural Microcosm for Studying Psycholinguistics
Authors: Coon Jeff , Etz Alexander , Scontras Gregory , Sarnecka Barbara W.
Published: March 2023

Esports have become increasingly popular as naturalistic experimental settings. In large part, this popularity is due to esports helping researchers balance ecological validity and experimental control; esports provide situations in which people are naturally motivated to learn and act in a complex yet restricted environment. Since players often learn and act collaboratively, many researchers have used esports as a setting in which to study communication. However, most of this research has focused on optimizing team performance or player experience, with less work examining fundamental questions of psycholinguistics. Esports offer unique opportunities in this regard, particularly for studying psycholinguistics in the context of prior knowledge, emergent expertise, and emergent culture. The present paper describes a case study that demonstrates the benefits of using an esport as a microcosm for studying psycholinguistics and points to opportunities for further exploration.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography colonography discloses anatomic features associated with colonoscopy failure
Authors: Hochstein David , Tejman-Yarden Shai , Saukhat Olga , Vazgovski Oliana , Parmet Yisrael , Nagar Netanel , Ram Edward , Carter Dan
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

Three-dimensional virtual reality (3D VR) permits precise reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images, and these allow precise measurements of colonic anatomical parameters. Colonoscopy proves challenging in a subset of patients, and thus CT colonoscopy (CTC) is often required to visualize the entire colon. The aim of the study was to determine whether 3D reconstructions of the colon could help identify and quantify the key anatomical features leading to colonoscopy failure.

Design:

Retrospective observational study.

Methods:

Using 3D VR technology, we reconstructed and compared the length of various colonic segments and number of bends and colonic width in 10 cases of CTC in technically failed prior colonoscopies to 10 cases of CTC performed for non-technically failure indications.

Results:

We found significant elongation of the sigmoid colon (71 ± 23 cm versus 35 ± 9; p = 0.01) and of pancolonic length (216 ± 38 cm versus 158 ± 20 cm; p = 0.001) in cases of technically failed colonoscopy. There was also a significant increase in the number of colonic angles (17.7 ± 3.2 versus 12.7 ± 2.4; p = 0.008) in failed colonoscopy cases.

Conclusion:

Increased sigmoid and pancolonic length and more colonic bends are novel factors associated with technical failure of colonoscopy.
Management of the urological tract in children with anorectal malformations – a contemporary review
Authors: Harris Kelly T. , Wilcox Duncan T.
Published: March 2023

Anorectal malformations (ARMs) consist of a broad spectrum of congenital anomalies that are associated with an equally wide variety of urological abnormalities, often with increasing incidence as the severity of the ARM increases. The importance of urologic involvement in the care of ARM patients has been noted for decades and is critical from birth to adulthood. Urology must be involved in the initial evaluation and operative care of the child as well as in monitoring and managing issues such as neurogenic bladder, renal disease, and eventually sexual function and fertility. Care of the ARM patient must be done through a multidisciplinary lens, with the urologist as a key player. This review will serve as an update on the management of the urologic tract in children with ARM.
Subscapular abscesses: A literature review and evidence-based treatment guidelines
Authors: McFarlane Isobel V , Wong Marcus , Alder-Price Angela Chang
Published: March 2023

Background

An intramuscular abscess of the subscapularis is a rare phenomenon but important pathology for surgeons to be aware of because clinical deterioration can be rapid and diagnosis difficult. The presentation often mimics other common shoulder pathologies with subacute shoulder pain and stiffness. Early diagnosis, antibiotics and surgical drainage are critical to reduce the spread and joint destruction.

Methods

A search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases identified cases of subscapular intramuscular abscess. Data collected about each case included patient demographics, presentation, pathology, surgical treatment and outcome. The authors report one additional subscapular abscess case.

Results

Data from 17 cases of subscapular abscess were found, 16 in the literature and one case described by the authors. Sixteen of 17 cases (94.1%) presented with shoulder pain and reduced range of motion worsening over a mean of 6.7 days prior to presentation. Surgical approaches utilised included a posterior inferomedial approach, deltoid-pectoral approach and one posterior inferolateral approach.

Discussion and conclusions

From the limited data available regarding subscapular intramuscular abscess, the authors make the following recommendations: (1) Empirical antibiotics covering Staphylococcus aureus +/− methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, (2) drainage is indicated in all cases; and (3) tendon-sparing approaches can access an abscess in most locations within the subscapular space.
Survival benefit of thoracic radiotherapy plus EGFR-TKIs in patients with non-oligometastatic advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Zhou Fangyuan , Qin You , Liu Xixi , Huang Jing , Wu Bian , Zhang Zhanjie , Yin Zhongyuan , Yang Jinsong , Zhang Sheng , Jiang Ke , Yang Kunyu
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thoracic radiotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-treated patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:

Patients with non-oligometastatic NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations were recruited. All patients received the first-generation TKI treatment with or without radiotherapy. The irradiated sites included primary and/or metastatic lesions. Of all the patients who underwent thoracic radiotherapy, some received radiotherapy before EGFR-TKI resistance, others received radiotherapy after progressive disease.

Results:

No statistically significant difference was observed in progression-free survival (PFS) (median 14.7 versus 11.2 months, p = 0.075) or overall survival (OS) (median 29.6 versus 40.6 months, p = 0.116) between patients treated with EGFR-TKIs alone and those with additional radiotherapy to any sites. However, EGFR inhibitors with thoracic radiation significantly improved OS (median 47.0 versus 31.0 months, p < 0.001) but not PFS (median 13.9 versus 11.9 months, p = 0.124). Moreover, longer PFS (median 18.3 versus 8.5 months, p < 0.001) was achieved in the preemptive thoracic radiation cohort than in the delayed thoracic radiation cohort. However, OS was similar between the two cohorts (median 40.6 versus 52.6 months, p = 0.124). The lower incidence rate of grade 1–2 pneumonitis occurred in preemptive radiation cohort (29.8% versus 75.8%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Non-oligometastatic NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations benefited from thoracic radiotherapy while using EGFR inhibitors. Preemptive thoracic radiotherapy could be a competitive first-line therapeutic option due to superior PFS and favorable safety.
Comparing treatment and outcomes in advanced esophageal, gastroesophageal junction, and gastric adenocarcinomas: a population-based study
Authors: Pape Marieke , Vissers Pauline A. J. , Dijksterhuis Willemieke P. M. , Bertwistle David , McDonald Laura , Mostert Bianca , Derks Sarah , Oving Irma M. , Verhoeven Rob H. A. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Treatment of advanced or metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) follows the guidelines for gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJC) and gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), but patients with EAC are often excluded from clinical studies of GEJC/GAC.

Objectives:

Here we describe treatment and survival of patients with advanced EAC, GEJC, and GAC to provide population-based evidence on distinctions and similarities between these populations.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study of patients with unresectable advanced (cT4b) or metastatic (cM1) EAC, GEJC, or GAC (2015–2020) were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry.

Methods:

Overall survival (OS) was assessed using Kaplan–Meier methods, log-rank tests, and multivariable Cox regression.

Results:

In all, 7391 patients were included (EAC: n = 3346, GEJC: n = 1246, and GAC: n = 2798). Patients with EAC were more often males and more often had ⩾2 metastatic locations. First-line systemic therapy was received by 42%, 47%, and 36% of patients with EAC, GEJC, and GAC, respectively. Median OS was 5.0, 5.1, and 4.0 months for all patients with EAC, GEJC, and GAC, respectively ( p < 0.001). Median OS from start of first-line therapy of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative adenocarcinomas was 7.6, 7.8, and 7.5 months ( p = 0.12) and of patients with HER2-positive carcinoma receiving first-line trastuzumab-containing therapy was 11.0, 13.3, and 9.5 months ( p = 0.37) in EAC, GEJC, and GAC, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, no difference in OS for patients with EAC, GEJC, and GAC was observed.

Conclusion:

Despite differences in clinical characteristics and treatment strategies, survival between patients with advanced EAC, GEJC, and GAC was similar. We advocate that EAC patients should not be excluded from clinical trials for patients with molecularly similar GEJC/GAC.
Touch and voice have different advantages in perceiving positive and negative emotions
Authors: Oya Rika , Tanaka Akihiro
Published: March 2023

Previous research has revealed that several emotions can be perceived via touch. What advantages does touch have over other nonverbal communication channels? In our study, we compared the perception of emotions from touch with that from voice to examine the advantages of each channel at the emotional valence level. In our experiment, the encoder expressed 12 different emotions by touching the decoder's arm or uttering a syllable /e/, and the decoder judged the emotion. The results showed that the categorical average accuracy of negative emotions was higher for voice than for touch, whereas that of positive emotions was marginally higher for touch than for voice. These results suggest that different channels (touch and voice) have different advantages for the perception of positive and negative emotions.
Fixation of Proximal Third Humeral Shaft Fractures in Older Patients
Authors: Quarcoopome Jared , Adam John , Baljer Bence , Nagi Ahmed , Eardley Will , McVie James L.
Published: March 2023

Background

Humeral shaft fractures occur frequently in older patients. The more proximal end of the shaft is prone to non-union when compared with more distal fractures. We provide an overview of several key features of this significant patient group.

Method

Our institutional fracture database was searched for all cases of proximal third humeral shaft fractures in patients over 60 years of age. Retrospective evaluation of patient demographics, management, length of stay and incidence of non-union was performed.

Results

75 patients (61 female) were analysed. 33 patients were ‘frail’ (Clinical Frailty Scores of >4). Non-union occurred in 19 of 45 non-surgically treated fractures and in 1 of 37 cases treated surgically. Mean length of stay was 5.9 days (non-operative) and 6.6 days (operative). Proximal extension into the humeral head is common.

Conclusion

Non-surgical management of proximal third humeral shaft fractures is associated with an increased risk of non-union. We detail an operative technique and case example supporting early fixation of displaced proximal third humeral shaft fractures in older patients that can be utilized for both primary and delayed fixation. In view of the significant association of non-union a well-constructed prospective cohort study with outcome assessment would be of value to further characterize this emerging injury population. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series
Virtual Job Interview Training: A Dose Response to Improve Employment for Transition-Age Youth With Disabilities
Authors: Smith Matthew J. , Van Ryzin Mark , Jordan Neil , Atkins Marc , Bornheimer Lindsay A. , Sherwood Kari , Smith Justin D.
Published: March 2023

Virtual Interview Training for Transition-Age Youth and Virtual Reality Job Interview Training are job interview simulators with demonstrated effectiveness in randomized controlled trials. We evaluated their dose responses via secondary data analysis of 558 transition-age youth with disabilities in 47 schools where the simulators were implemented in quasi-experimental studies. Cut-point analyses determined dosing efficiency and efficacy to optimize competitive employment. The most efficient dose when accounting for the balance between dose and employment was completing nine virtual interviews. The most efficacious dose to maximize the likelihood of successful employment was 38, but it varied across race, IQ, Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) categories, and employment history. This study provides a novel approach to inform implementation guidelines for virtual interview training in pre-employment transition services. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.
Cumulative antitumor effect of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles and cetylpyridinium chloride in inhibiting the growth of lung cancer
Authors: García-Cuellar Claudia María , Hernández-Delgadillo Rene , Torres-Betancourt Jesús Alejandro , Solis-Soto Juan Manuel , Meester Irene , Sánchez-Pérez Yesennia , Pineda-Aguilar Nayely , Nakagoshi-Cepeda Sergio Eduardo , Sánchez-Nájera Rosa Isela , Nakagoshi-Cepeda María Argelia Akemi , Chellam Shankararaman , Cabral-Romero Claudio
Published: March 2023

Objective:

To determine the combined antitumor effect of bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NP) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on human lung tumor cells.

Material and methods:

The human lung tumor cells A549 were exposed to 1–100 µM BisBAL NP or CPC, either separately or in a 1:1 combination. Cell viability was measured with the PrestoBlue assay, the LIVE/DEAD assay, and fluorescence microscopy. The integrity and morphology of cellular microtubules were analyzed by immunofluorescence.

Results:

A 24-h exposure to 1 µM solutions reduced A549 growth with 21.5% for BisBAL NP, 70.5% for CPC, and 92.4% for the combination ( p < 0.0001), while a 50 µM BisBAL NP/CPC mixture inhibited cell growth with 99% ( p < 0.0001). BisBAL NP-curcumin conjugates were internalized within 30 min of exposure and could be traced within the nucleus of tumor cells within 2 h. BisBAL NP, but not CPC, interfered with microtubule organization, thus interrupting cell replication, similar to the action mechanism of docetaxel.

Conclusion:

The growth inhibition of A549 human tumor cells by BisBAL NP and CPC was cumulative as of 1 µM. The BisBAL NP/CPC combination may constitute an innovative and cost-effective alternative for treating human lung cancer.
Evaluation of Ki-67 staining index and BRAF mutation in women diagnosed with advanced endometriosis
Authors: Jalaeefar Amirmohsen , Eslami Bita , Bahar Masih , Hosseini Reihaneh , Sharifi Amirsina , Rakhshani Naser , Moini Ashraf
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Recent studies have proposed that advanced endometriosis might harbor histopathological, molecular, and genetic properties of malignant lesion. Thus we aimed to investigate the presence of Ki-67 staining index (KSI) and BRAF mutation in patients with and without recurrent endometriosis of stage III and IV.

Materials and methods:

Cross sectional study on 50 consecutive patients with endometriosis of stage III and IV was performed. Tissue specimens collected during laparoscopic surgery were used for the evaluation of presence of KSI and BRAF mutation. Also, serum levels of tumor markers including CA-125, CA19-9, AMH and αFP were gathered.

Results:

The mean ± SD of KSI was 12.18 ± 16.58. Forty-one out of 50 (82%) patients had a non-recurrent disease. KSI ⩾ 10% was found in 20 patients (40%). Furthermore, 29 patients (58%) and 13 patients (26%) had high levels of CA-125 and CA19-9, respectively. No evidence of significant correlation was observed between the KSI and CA-125 and CA19-9 (all p values > 0.05). However, a positive correlation was observed between CA-125 and CA19-9 ( r = 0.55, p-value = 0.02). KSI level was insignificantly lower in recurrent patients compared with non-recurrent patients (9.78 ± 6.24 vs 12.71 ± 18.09, p-value = 0.33). Other tumor markers did not show any statistically significant difference (all p values > 0.05). None of the participants had BRAF V600E mutation.

Conclusion:

Endometriosis manifests malignant behavioral of rapid proliferation but the exact genetic alteration causing this phenomenon is not understood.
Systematic Assessment of the Quality and Comprehensibility of YouTube Content on Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury and Management
Authors: Desai Sohil S. , Anderson Matthew J. , Crutchfield Connor R. , Gazgalis Anastasia , Alexander Frank J. , Popkin Charles A. , Ahmad Christopher S.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction has received a unique level of attention in the press and social media. There has also been an increasing use of the internet by patients to seek medical information. Concern exists regarding the quality and comprehensibility of online information when used for patient education.

Purpose:

To evaluate the quality and comprehensibility of the most-viewed YouTube videos related to the diagnosis and management of UCL injuries. Based on our new evidence-based scoring rubrics, we hypothesized that the quality and comprehensibility of these videos would be poor.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

The YouTube platform was searched on September 7, 2021, with the terms “UCL injury,” “ulnar collateral ligament injury,” “UCL surgery,” “ulnar collateral ligament surgery,” and “Tommy John surgery,” and the 50 most-viewed videos from each search were compiled, yielding 250 videos. After removal of duplicates and application of exclusion criteria, the 100 most-viewed videos remained. Basic attributes, including duration of video and number of views, were recorded. Each video was then analyzed by 2 independent reviewers and evaluated for 4 key parameters (quality of diagnostic content [QAR-D], quality of treatment content [QAR-T], presence of inaccurate information, and comprehensibility) and graded on a novel scale from 1 to 4 (4 being the most appropriate for patient education).

Results:

The mean QAR-D was 4.83 ± 3.41 (fair quality), and the mean QAR-T was 2.76 ± 3.26 (poor quality). Physician-led educational videos had both the highest mean QAR-D (6.37) and the highest mean QAR-T (4.34). No correlation was observed between video quality and views/likes. A total of 12 videos included ≥1 inaccuracy. The mean comprehensibility score was 2.66 ± 1.12, with 39 videos falling below the acceptable comprehensibility threshold (score <3).

Conclusion:

The overall quality of UCL injury–related YouTube content was low. In addition, the absence of correlation between video quality and views/likes suggests that patients are not preferentially utilizing the limited high-quality content that does exist on the YouTube platform. In addition, inaccurate videos were prevalent (12%), and almost half of all videos were deemed inappropriate for patient education in terms of comprehensibility, as defined by our comprehensibility parameter.
Game-Day Pitch and Throw Count Feasibility Using a Single Sensor to Quantify Workload in Youth Baseball Players
Authors: Freehill Michael T. , Rose Michael J. , McCollum Katherine A. , Agresta Cristine , Cain Stephen M.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Pitch count recommendations are used to reduce injury risk in youth baseball pitchers and are based chiefly on expert opinion, with limited scientific support. Furthermore, they only account for pitches thrown against a hitter and do not include the total number of throws on the day a player pitched. Currently, counts are recorded manually.

Purpose:

To provide a method using a wearable sensor to quantify total throws per game that is compliant with Little League Baseball rules and regulations.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Eleven male baseball players (age, 10-11 years) from an 11U (players 11 years and younger) competitive travel team were evaluated over a single summer season. An inertial sensor was placed above the midhumerus of the throwing arm and was worn during baseball games across the season. A throw identification algorithm capturing all throws and reporting linear acceleration and peak linear acceleration was used to quantify throwing intensity. Pitching charts were collected and used to verify actual pitches thrown against a hitter in a game versus all other throws identified.

Results:

A total of 2748 pitches and 13,429 throws were captured. On the day a player pitched, he averaged 36 ± 18 pitches (23%) and 158 ± 106 total throws (pitches in game as well as all warm-up pitches and other throws during game). In comparison, on a day a player did not pitch, he averaged 119 ± 102 throws. Across all pitchers, 32% of all throws were low intensity, 54% were medium intensity, and 15% were high intensity. The player with one of the highest percentages of high-intensity throws did not pitch as their primary position, while the 2 players who pitched most often had the lowest percentages.

Conclusion:

Total throw count can be successfully quantified using a single inertial sensor. Total throws tended to be higher on days a player pitched compared with regular game days without pitching.

Clinical Relevance:

This study provides a fast, feasible, and reliable method to obtain pitch and throw counts so that more rigorous research on contributing factors to arm injury in the youth athlete can be achieved.
Engagement of Online Biobehavioral Health Students in Ethics Education Through Virtual Immersive Experiences
Authors: Czymoniewicz-Klippel Melina T. , Cruz Laura E.
Published: March 2023

In public health, ethics is a core competency. Accordingly, ethical decision-making should be part of the curriculum for all students seeking to enter the profession. Evidence suggests simulation may positively impact student learning of ethics. Yet, engaging in a traditional simulative or immersive experience is inaccessible to many students. Instead, could participation in virtual immersive experiences serve as a proxy for promoting student outcomes for ethical decision-making in public health? This quasi-experimental mixed methods study examined whether the integration of 360° videos in an undergraduate online health ethics course enhanced intended ethical decision-making. Undergraduate students ( n = 26) provided access to two assignments or artifacts. These artifacts were analyzed in accordance with a tailored rubric to explore differences in five constructs of ethical reasoning when writing assignments were completed with ( n = 13), or without ( n = 13), an integrated 360° video component. The results show the 360° videos enhanced the students’ ability to engage in ethical reasoning, with significant differences in rater scores being noted across multiple constructs. The data were also analyzed qualitatively. Students in the intervention group engaged in a process of “compassionate calculus,” integrating various elements of empathy, compassion, and self-awareness toward a clinical outcome. Together these findings demonstrate the capacity of virtual immersive experience to support students in the enhancement of intended ethical decision-making through the development of greater compassion or empathic concern. This study provides evidence to guide the continued integration of virtual immersive experiences into undergraduate public health education.
Safety Baby Shower Intervention Improves Safe Sleep Knowledge and Self-Efficacy among Expectant Teens
Authors: Aitken Mary E. , Whiteside-Mansell Leanne , Mullins Samantha H. , Bai Shasha , Miller Beverly K.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Young, minority women are less likely to follow recommendations to prevent infant sleep-related deaths putting their children at risk. This study extended the past pre/post study designs to an RCT design and included both parent report and objective observation of the sleep environment.

Objective

This study focused on this population in a quantitative, randomized controlled trial using a low-cost, brief educational intervention, a Safety Baby Shower (SBS).

Methods

Pregnant teens aged 13–19 (N = 147) were recruited as a dyad with a senior female caregiver and randomized to intervention or control groups.

Results

Comparing self-report, safe sleep knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intent (KABI) to act scores across the two groups found intervention dyads to have more positive views on all four constructs than controls. Specifically, intervention dyad young mothers were significantly more likely to have positive beliefs about safe sleep and were more likely to report intent to practice infant safe sleep than control young mothers. Intervention dyad young mothers also had higher self-efficacy related to infant safety and more positive attitudes about safe sleep practices than control young mothers. Observations at a home visit conducted after delivery found no differences in the safe sleep practices by intervention status. Participant report of behaviors at the home visit also showed no differences in the use of safe position between the intervention and control groups.

Conclusion

It appears that even when young mothers gain knowledge and self-efficacy, they have difficulty implementing this knowledge. In practice, this suggests that exploring barriers prenatally with this population and offering suggestions to overcome them may be indicated.
Scholarly Opportunities for Medical Students and Residents in Canadian Medical Professional Organizations
Authors: Thatcher Mitchell D , Wandzura Adam M , Smith Mckinley C
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Participation in medical specialty organizations can provide medical students and residents with additional research, advocacy, networking, and leadership opportunities. Although past research has looked at individual specialties in the United States, little is known about trainee involvement in Canadian organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the opportunities available for medical students and residents within Canadian medical specialty organizations.

Methods

The websites of 71 Canadian medical specialty organizations were reviewed to assess levels of trainee participation.

Results

Of the 71 organizations reviewed, 42 (59%) allow medical students and 67 (94%) allow residents to become members. Most organizations allow trainees to attend their annual conference (83% for students and 93% for residents), and the mean cost of attending the most recent virtual conference was $114 (range: $0–$475) for students and $142 (range: $0–$475) for residents. Twenty-two organizations (31%) have travel awards for students and 37 (52%) have awards for residents. Research grants are available in 41 (58%) of organizations for students and 56 (79%) for residents. Formal mentorship programs exist in 16 (23%) organizations for students and 25 (35%) for residents.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this study highlights for the first time the scholarly opportunities available to trainees within Canadian medical specialty organizations.
Situated dynamics of environmental governance in Swedish smart energy experimentation: Tentativeness, demonstration, upscaling
Authors: Envall Fredrik
Published: March 2023

In this article unfolding processes of environmental governance are explored through the case of smart energy experimentation in Sweden. When experimentation merges with place-based dynamics, particular dispositions are shaped, with different implications for environmental politics. In accordance with other researchers’ findings it is illuminated how such dispositions tend to reinforce neoliberal environmental governance arrangements, whereas it is revealed how experimentation can also reconfigure governance. Attending to unfolding processes of accomplishing governance across a variety of spaces, this plasticity of experimentation is explored. The contribution consists of highlighting the situated dynamics playing out as environmental governance is produced across different places. This involves two analytical steps. First, disentangling some characteristics of experimentation as a situated disposition, through following how smart energy experimentation arranges environmental governance across the national Swedish energy and environmental policy landscape. The analysis highlights how particular characteristics of Swedish environmental governance molds experimentation into providing impetus for neoliberalization. Second, by zooming in two cases of experiments, elucidating the effects of the tentative and situated character of experimentation as governance is accomplished. Such analysis attends to the situated micro-politics of experiments, and how these can shape localized dispositions that refract broader neoliberal political rationality. Thereby the existence of a dominant ‘experimentation governmentality’, or disposition, is discovered, whereas situated experiments may always provide seedbeds of alternative forms of environmental governance due to experimentation’s plasticity.
Development of Psoriasis Assessment Tools Among Patients in the CorEvitas Psoriasis Registry
Authors: Gulliver Wayne P. , See Kyoungah , Zhu Baojin , Konicek Bruce W. , Harrison Ryan W. , McLean Robert R. , Kerti Samantha J. , Burge Russel T. , Leonardi Craig L.
Published: March 2023

Background

Dermatologists would benefit from an easy to use psoriasis severity assessment tool in the clinic.

Objective

To develop psoriasis assessment tools to predict PASI and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) using simple measures typically collected in clinical practice.

Methods

Data included 33 605 dermatology visits among plaque psoriasis patients enrolled in the CorEvitas Psoriasis Registry (4/15/15-7/11/20). Performance (adjusted coefficient of determination [R2adj], root mean square error [RMSE]) in predicting PASI and DLQI was assessed for 16 different linear regression models (specified a priori based on combinations of BSA, Investigator’s Global Assessment [IGA], itch, skin pain, patient global assessment, age, sex, BMI, comorbidity index, prior biologic use), and 2 stepwise selection models and 1 elastic net model based on 56 available variables. For each prediction model, concordance (sensitivity, specificity) of predicted PASI75, PASI90 and DLQI 0/1 with observed values was evaluated.

Results

Mean (SD) age, BSA, and PASI were 51 (14) years, 6 (11), and 4 (6), respectively; 46% were women, and 87% were biologic experienced. A model predicting PASI using BSA plus IGA performed best among a priori specified models (R2adj = .72, RMSE = 2.93) and only marginally worse than models including additional variables (R2adj range .64-.74, RMSE range 2.82-3.36). Models including IGA had the best concordance between predicted and observed PASI75 (sensitivity range 83-85%, specificity range 88-91%) and PASI90 (sensitivity range 76-82%, specificity range 94-98%). DLQI prediction was limited.

Conclusion

An assessment tool for psoriasis including BSA and IGA may be an ideal option to predict PASI in a clinic setting.
Arthroscopic Repair of a Type VIII Superior Labrum Anterior Posterior Tear
Authors: Nammour Michael , Arner Justin W. , Murray Ryan , Bradley James P.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Type VIII superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) tears are described as SLAP type II tears with posterior extension to the posterior inferior glenohumeral ligament. These tears are a common source of pain, instability, and decreased function in active individuals, particularly overhead or throwing athletes.

Indications:

Type VIII SLAP tears can cause pain and loss of sports performance, especially in a throwing athlete. This patient is a quarterback and pitcher who had magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic evidence of a type VIII SLAP tear with pain and inability to throw at his preinjury level.

Technique Description:

In the lateral decubitus position, a standard posterior portal is established along with anterior and accessory lateral portals. A type VIII SLAP tear is identified and the arm is taken out of balanced suspension traction and placed in abduction and external rotation which shows displacement of the posterior labrum and peelback of the superior labrum indicating pathologic labral instability. The labrum is then elevated and glenoid prepared to achieve healthy bleeding bone. Tape sutures are then passed around the labrum and placed into a glenoid anchor starting superiorly and continuing the repair posteroinferiorly. Three anchors were placed in the superior labrum using a percutaneous technique, with 2 more placed from the posterior portal to complete the 5-anchor repair. The posterior portal is then closed with a single monofilament suture to prevent a potential stress riser in the capsule.

Results:

The literature suggests that athletes with type VIII SLAP tears can expect improved functional outcomes and high return to play rates (>90%); however, only 50% to 70% of throwing athletes return to the same level of play.

Discussion/Conclusion:

Type VIII SLAP tears are an important cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction, particularly in overhead athletes. Arthroscopic repair of type VIII SLAP tears can improve functional outcomes and ability to return to sport; however, throwing athletes experience lower rates of return to previous level.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Pediatric Cutaneous Mastocytosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hale Elizabeth , Tidwell Taylor , Smith Hallie , Ramsey Zach , Powell Matt , Yu Jack
Published: March 2023

An important component of innate immunity, mast cells contain intensely basophilic granules of anticoagulants (such as heparin) and vasoactive amines (histamine and others), playing key roles in the initiation of inflammation. They have a vast array of cell surface receptors for IgE and complements. FcεRI, with high affinity for IgE Fc terminals, respond to a wide variety of stimuli including damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). CD 88 and C3aR bind anaphylatoxins from the complement system. We report a case of infantile cutaneous mastocytosis with an extensive review of literature on both mastocytosis and mast cell function and dysfunction for pediatric plastic surgeons.
Unexpected carboxyhemoglobin half-life during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a case report
Authors: Delvau Nicolas , Penaloza Andrea , Franssen Véronique , Thys Frédéric , Roy Pierre-Marie , Hantson Philippe
Published: March 2023

Background

Cardiac arrest (CA) following CO poisoning (CO-induced CA) exposes patients to an extremely high risk of mortality and remains challenging to treat effectively. Terminal carboxyhemoglobin elimination half-life (COHbt1/2) is critically affected by ventilation, oxygen therapy, and cardiac output, which are severely affected conditions in cases of CA.

Case presentation

Asystole occurred in an 18-year-old woman after unintentional exposure to CO in her bathroom. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started immediately, including mechanical ventilation with a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 1.0 and external chest compressions with a LUCAS® device. CPR was stopped after 101 min, as it was unsuccessful. During this period, we calculated a COHbt1/2of 40.3 min using a single compartmental model.

Conclusions

This result suggests that prolongation of CPR time needed to back COHb at 10%, a level more compatible with successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), could be compatible with a realistic CPR time. Calculating COHbt1/2during CPR may help with decision-making regarding the optimal duration of resuscitation efforts and further with HBO2or ECLS. Further evidence-based data are needed to confirm this result.
Genome-wide analysis of the GLP gene family and overexpression of GLP1-5–1 to promote lignin accumulation during early somatic embryo development in Dimocarpus longan
Authors: Li Zhuoyun , Fu Zhuoran , Zhang Shuting , Zhang Xueying , Xue Xiaodong , Chen Yukun , Zhang Zihao , Lai Zhongxiong , Lin Yuling
Published: March 2023

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an economically important subtropical fruit tree. Its fruit quality and yield are affected by embryo development. As a plant seed germination marker gene, the germin-like protein (GLP) gene plays an important role in embryo development. However, the mechanism underlying the role of the GLP gene in somatic embryos is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted genome-wide identification of the longan GLP (DlGLP) gene and preliminarily verified the function of DlGLP1-5–1. Thirty-five genes were identified as longan GLP genes and divided into 8 subfamilies. Based on transcriptome data and qRT‒PCR results, DlGLP genes exhibited the highest expression levels in the root, and the expression of most DlGLPs was upregulated during the early somatic embryogenesis (SE) in longan and responded to high temperature stress and 2,4-D treatment; eight DlGLP genes were upregulated under MeJA treatment, and four of them were downregulated under ABA treatment. Subcellular localization showed that DlGLP5-8–2 and DlGLP1-5–1 were located in the cytoplasm and extracellular stroma/chloroplast, respectively. Overexpression of DIGLP1-5–1 in the globular embryos (GEs) of longan promoted the accumulation of lignin and decreased the H2O2 content by regulating the activities of ROS-related enzymes. The results provide a reference for the functional analysis of DlGLPs and related research on improving lignin accumulation in the agricultural industry through genetic engineering.
Characterization and phylogenetic analyses of ten complete plastomes of Spiraea species
Authors: Zhang Shu-Dong , Yan Kai , Ling Li-Zhen
Published: March 2023

Background

Spiraea is a genus of deciduous shrubs that contains 80-120 species, is mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and has diversified in East Asia. Spiraea species are cultivated as ornamental plants and some are used in traditional herbal medicine. Based on morphological characteristics and genetic markers, phylogenetic classification exhibits low discriminatory power.

Results

In present study, we assembled and characterized the chloroplast (cp) genomes of ten Spiraea species and comparatively analysed with five reported cp genomes of this genus. The cp genomes of the fifteen Spiraea species, ranging from 155,904 to 158,637 bp in length, were very conserved and no structural rearrangements occurred. A total of 85 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 37 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs were annotated. We also examined 1,010 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, most of which had A/T base preference. Comparative analysis of cp genome demonstrated that single copy and non-coding regions were more divergent than the inverted repeats (IRs) and coding regions and six mutational hotspots were detected. Selection pressure analysis showed that all PCGs were under purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete cp genome data showed that Spiraea formed a monophyletic group and was further divided into two major clades. Infrageneric classification in each clade was supported with a high resolution value. Moreover, the phylogenetic trees based on each individual mutational hotspot segment and their combined dataset also consisted of two major clades, but most of the phylogenetic relationships of interspecies were not well supported.

Conclusions

Although the cp genomes of Spiraea species exhibited high conservation in genome structure, gene content and order, a large number of polymorphism sites and several mutation hotspots were identified in whole cp genomes, which might be sufficiently used as molecular markers to distinguish Spiraea species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete cp genome indicated that infrageneric classification in two major clades was supported with high resolution values. Therefore, the cp genome data of the genus Spiraea will be effective in resolving the phylogeny in this genus.
Underlying causes of cryptogenic stroke and TIA in The Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke (NOR-FIB) Study – the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluation
Authors: Ratajczak-Tretel B. , Lambert A. Tancin , Al-Ani R. , Arntzen K. , Bakkejord G. K. , Bekkeseth H. M.O. , Bjerkeli V. , Eldøen G. , Gulsvik A. K. , Halvorsen B. , Høie G. A. , Ihle-Hansen H. , Ingebrigtsen S. , Kremer C. , Krogseth S. B. , Kruuse C. , Kurz M. , Nakstad I. , Novotny V. , Naess H. , Qazi R. , Rezaj M. K. , Rørholt D. M. , Steffensen L. H. , Sømark J. , Tobro H. , Truelsen T. C. , Wassvik L. , Ægidius K. L. , Atar D. , Aamodt A. H.
Published: March 2023

Background

Cryptogenic stroke is a heterogeneous condition, with a wide spectrum of possible underlying causes for which the optimal secondary prevention may differ substantially. Attempting a correct etiological diagnosis to reduce the stroke recurrence should be the fundamental goal of modern stroke management.

Methods

Prospective observational international multicenter study of cryptogenic stroke and cryptogenic transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients clinically monitored for 12 months to assign the underlying etiology. For atrial fibrillation (AF) detection continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring with insertable cardiac monitor (Reveal LINQ, Medtronic) was performed. The 12-month follow-up data for 250 of 259 initially included NOR-FIB patients were available for analysis.

Results

After 12 months follow-up probable stroke causes were revealed in 43% patients, while 57% still remained cryptogenic. AF and atrial flutter was most prevalent (29%). In 14% patients other possible causes were revealed (small vessel disease, large-artery atherosclerosis, hypercoagulable states, other cardioembolism). Patients remaining cryptogenic were younger (p < 0.001), had lower CHA2DS2-VASc score (p < 0.001) on admission, and lower NIHSS score (p = 0.031) and mRS (p = 0.016) at discharge. Smoking was more prevalent in patients that were still cryptogenic (p = 0.014), while dyslipidaemia was less prevalent (p = 0.044). Stroke recurrence rate was higher in the cryptogenic group compared to the group where the etiology was revealed, 7.7% vs. 2.8%, (p = 0.091).

Conclusion

Cryptogenic stroke often indicates the inability to identify the cause in the acute phase and should be considered as a working diagnosis until efforts of diagnostic work up succeed in identifying a specific underlying etiology. Timeframe of 6-12-month follow-up may be considered as optimal.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02937077, EudraCT 2018-002298-23.