bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress and inflammation cause auditory system damage via glial cell activation and dysregulated expression of gap junction proteins in an experimental model of styrene-induced oto/neurotoxicity
Authors: Paciello Fabiola , Pisani Anna , Rolesi Rolando , Montuoro Raffaele , Mohamed-Hizam Veronica , Boni Giammarco , Ripoli Cristian , Galli Jacopo , Sisto Renata , Fetoni Anna Rita , Grassi Claudio
Published: January 2024

Background

Redox imbalance and inflammation have been proposed as the principal mechanisms of damage in the auditory system, resulting in functional alterations and hearing loss. Microglia and astrocytes play a crucial role in mediating oxidative/inflammatory injury in the central nervous system; however, the role of glial cells in the auditory damage is still elusive.

Objectives

Here we investigated glial-mediated responses to toxic injury in peripheral and central structures of the auditory pathway, i.e., the cochlea and the auditory cortex (ACx), in rats exposed to styrene, a volatile compound with well-known oto/neurotoxic properties.

Methods

Male adult Wistar rats were treated with styrene (400 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks, 5/days a week). Electrophysiological, morphological, immunofluorescence and molecular analyses were performed in both the cochlea and the ACx to evaluate the mechanisms underlying styrene-induced oto/neurotoxicity in the auditory system.

Results

We showed that the oto/neurotoxic insult induced by styrene increases oxidative stress in both cochlea and ACx. This was associated with macrophages and glial cell activation, increased expression of inflammatory markers (i.e., pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine receptors) and alterations in connexin (Cxs) and pannexin (Panx) expression, likely responsible for dysregulation of the microglia/astrocyte network. Specifically, we found downregulation of Cx26 and Cx30 in the cochlea, and high level of Cx43 and Panx1 in the ACx.

Conclusions

Collectively, our results provide novel evidence on the role of immune and glial cell activation in the oxidative/inflammatory damage induced by styrene in the auditory system at both peripheral and central levels, also involving alterations of gap junction networks. Our data suggest that targeting glial cells and connexin/pannexin expression might be useful to attenuate oxidative/inflammatory damage in the auditory system.
The artificial amino acid change in the sialic acid-binding domain of the hemagglutinin neuraminidase of newcastle disease virus increases its specificity to HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells and tumor suppression effect
Authors: Jung Bo-Kyoung , An Yong Hee , Jang Sung Hoon , Jang Jin-Ju , Kim Seonhee , Jeon Joo Hee , Kim Jinju , Song Jason Jungsik , Jang Hyun
Published: January 2024

Background

Oncolytic viruses are being studied and developed as novel cancer treatments. Using directed evolution technology, structural modification of the viral surface protein increases the specificity of the oncolytic virus for a particular cancer cell. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) does not show specificity for certain types of cancer cells during infection; therefore, it has low cancer cell specificity. Hemagglutinin is an NDV receptor-binding protein on the cell surface that determines host cell tropism. NDV selectivity for specific cancer cells can be increased by artificial amino acid changes in hemagglutinin neuraminidase HN proteins via directed evolution, leading to improved therapeutic effects.

Methods

Sialic acid-binding sites (H domains) of the HN protein mutant library were generated using error-prone PCR. Variants of the H domain protein were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using HCT 116 cancer cell surface molecules. The mutant S519G H domain protein showed the highest affinity for the surface protein of HCT 116 cells compared to that of different types of cancer cells. This showed that the S519G mutant H domain protein gene replaced the same part of the original HN protein gene, and S519G mutant recombinant NDV (rNDV) was constructed and recovered. S519G rNDV cancer cell killing effects were tested using the MTT assay with various cancer cell types, and the tumor suppression effect of the S519G mutant rNDV was tested in a xenograft mouse model implanted with cancer cells, including HCT 116 cells.

Results

S519G rNDV showed increased specificity and enhanced killing ability of HCT 116 cells among various cancer cells and a stronger suppressive effect on tumor growth than the original recombinant NDV. Directed evolution using an artificial amino acid change in the NDV HN (S519G mutant) protein increased its specificity and oncolytic effect in colorectal cancer without changing its virulence.

Conclusion

These results provide a new methodology for the use of directed evolution technology for more effective oncolytic virus development.
Personal recovery for special populations: a qualitative study exploring the role of special interest meetings within 12-step fellowships
Authors: Harris Frankco
Published: January 2024

Background

This study explores how Special Interest Meetings (SIMs), also called topic-specific meetings (e.g., meetings for young people), support recovery in 12-Step fellowships for Special Populations like young people, women and LGBTQIA+ members. Despite their emergence to address the needs of these groups, the specific ways Special Interest Meetings contribute to recovery experiences are understudied.

Methods

In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 participants who had attended Special Interest Meetings in 12-Step fellowships to explore the role of these meetings in recovery. The interviews were analysed using the CHIME-D personal recovery framework (Connectedness, Hope, Identity, Meaning in life, Empowerment, Difficulties).

Results

Special Interest Meetings serve as recovery pathways for Special Populations, incorporating CHIME-D elements to aid recovery and address challenges. This study found four "Special Population Pathways” for recovery: Traditional, Hybrid, SIM-Only, and Outside-Sim Hybrid Pathway.

Conclusions

Special Interest Meetings address specific challenges like discrimination and exclusion faced by Special Populations in recovery. These meetings offer tailored support, deeper connections, improved recovery outcomes, and a sense of empowerment. The existence of "Special Population Pathways” emphasises the ongoing need to address diverse individuals’ specific needs throughout the recovery process.
Combination of Atractylenolide I, Atractylenolide III, and Paeoniflorin promotes angiogenesis and improves neurological recovery in a mouse model of ischemic Stroke
Authors: Li Haiyan , Yu Wantong , Yang Yong , Li Sijie , Xu Jun , Gao Chen , Zhang Wei , Shi Wenjie , Jin Kunlin , Ji Xunming , Ren Changhong
Published: January 2024

Background

Prognosis is critically important in stroke cases, with angiogenesis playing a key role in determining outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of Atractylenolide I (Atr I), Atractylenolide III (Atr III), and Paeoniflorin (Pae) in promoting angiogenesis following cerebral ischemia.

Methods

The bEnd.3 cell line was used to evaluate the effects of these three compounds on vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by daily intragastric administration of the Chinese medicine compounds to assess their impact on brain protection and angiogenesis. In vivo experiments included measuring infarct size and assessing neurological function. Immunofluorescence staining and an angiogenesis antibody array were used to evaluate angiogenesis in ischemic brain tissue. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to further investigate the pathways involved in the protective effects of the compounds. Molecular docking analysis explored the potential binding affinity of the compounds to insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), and Western blotting was used to measure levels of angiogenesis-related proteins.

Results

In vitro, the combination of Atr I, Atr III, and Pae enhanced cell proliferation, promoted migration, and stimulated tube formation. In vivo, the combined treatment significantly facilitated neurological function recovery and angiogenesis by day 14. The treatment also increased levels of angiogenesis-related proteins, including IGF-2. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association between IGF-2 levels in ischemic brain tissue and angiogenesis, suggesting a good affinity of the compounds for the IGF-2 binding site, as supported by molecular docking analysis.

Conclusion

The administration of Atr I, Atr III, and Pae has shown significant enhancements in long-term stroke recovery in mice, likely due to the promotion of angiogenesis via increased activation of the IGF-2 pathway in ischemic brain tissue.

Graphical Abstract
Necropsy findings, meat control pathology and causes of loss in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in northern Norway
Authors: Mørk Torill , Eira Henrik Isaksen , Rødven Rolf , Nymo Ingebjørg Helena , Blomstrand Berit Marie , Guttormsen Sandra , Olsen Line , Davidson Rebecca Katherine
Published: January 2024

Background

Reindeer herding in Norway is based on traditional Sámi pastoralism with the animals free ranging throughout the year. The animals move over large areas in varying terrain and often in challenging weather conditions. Winter crises, such as difficult grazing conditions caused by icing or large amounts of snow, are survival bottlenecks for reindeer. Calves are especially vulnerable, and many may die from starvation during winter crises. Predation and starvation are the predominant narratives to explain losses, however, carcasses are difficult to find and often little remains after scavenging and decay. Documentation of the causes of death is therefore scarce.

Results

In this study, we investigated the cause of reindeer mortality in Troms and Finnmark, Nordland and Trøndelag during 2017–2019. Necropsies (n = 125) and organ investigation (n = 13) were performed to document cause of death. Body condition was evaluated using visual fat score and bone marrow fat index. A wide range of causes of death was detected. The diagnoses were categorized into the following main categories: predation (n = 40), emaciation (n = 35), infectious disease (n = 20), trauma (n = 11), feeding related disease (n = 5), neoplasia (n = 4), others (n = 6) and unknown (n = 17). Co-morbidities were seen in a number of diagnoses (n = 16). Reindeer herders are entitled to economic compensation for reindeer killed by endangered predators, but a lack of documentation leads to a gap between the amount of compensation requested and what is awarded. An important finding of our study was that predators, during winter, killed animals in good as well as poor body condition. Emaciation was also shown to be associated with infectious diseases, and not only attributable to winter grazing conditions.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of examining dead reindeer to gain knowledge about why they die on winter pasture. The work presented herein also shows the feasibility and value of increased documentation of reindeer losses during winter.
Investigating the effects of frailty on six-month outcomes in older trauma patients admitted to UK major trauma centres: a multi-centre follow up study
Authors: Cole Elaine , Crouch Robert , Baxter Mark , Wang Chao , Sivapathasuntharam Dhanupriya , Peck George , Jennings Cara , Jarman Heather
Published: January 2024

Background

Pre-injury frailty is associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes in older trauma patients, but the association with longer term survival and recovery is unclear. We aimed to investigate post discharge survival and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older frail patients at six months after Major Trauma Centre (MTC) admission.

Methods

This was a multi-centre study of patients aged ≥ 65 years admitted to five MTCs. Data were collected via questionnaire at hospital discharge and six months later. The primary outcome was patient-reported HRQoL at follow up using Euroqol EQ5D-5 L visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included health status according to EQ5D dimensions and care requirements at follow up. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between predictor variables and EQ-5D-5 L VAS at follow up.

Results

Fifty-four patients died in the follow up period, of which two-third (64%) had been categorised as frail pre-injury, compared to 21 (16%) of the 133 survivors. There was no difference in self-reported HRQoL between frail and not-frail patients at discharge (Mean EQ-VAS: Frail 55.8 vs. Not-frail 64.1, p = 0.137) however at follow-up HRQoL had improved for the not-frail group but deteriorated for frail patients (Mean EQ-VAS: Frail: 50.0 vs. Not-frail: 65.8, p = 0.009). There was a two-fold increase in poor quality of life at six months (VAS ≤ 50) for frail patients (Frail: 65% vs. Not-frail: 30% p < 0.009). Frailty (β-13.741 [95% CI -25.377, 2.105], p = 0.02), increased age (β -1.064 [95% CI [-1.705, -0.423] p = 0.00) and non-home discharge (β -12.017 [95% CI [118.403, 207.203], p = 0.04) were associated with worse HRQoL at follow up. Requirements for professional carers increased five-fold in frail patients at follow-up (Frail: 25% vs. Not-frail: 4%, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Frailty is associated with increased mortality post trauma discharge and frail older trauma survivors had worse HRQoL and increased care needs at six months post-discharge. Pre-injury frailty is a predictor of poor longer-term HRQoL after trauma and recognition should enable early specialist pathways and discharge planning.
Short-term and medium-term clinical outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Glazyrina Anastasia , Zholobova Elena , Iakovleva Ekaterina , Bobkova Polina , Krasnaya Ekaterina , Kovygina Karina , Romanova Olga , Blyuss Oleg , Tutelman Konstantin , Petrova Polina , Bairashevskaia Anastasiia , Rumyantsev Mikhail , Korsunskiy Anatoliy A. , Kondrikova Elena , Nargizyan Anzhelika , Yusupova Valeriya , Korobyants Evgeniya , Sologub Anna , Kurbanova Seda , Suvorov Aleksandr , Sigfrid Louise , Buonsenso Danilo , Peroni Diego G. , McArdle Andrew James , Comberiati Pasquale , Munblit Daniel
Published: January 2024

Background

Even though the incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) is decreasing cases are still reported across the world. Studying the consequences of MIS-C enhances our understanding of the disease’s prognosis. The objective of this study was to assess short- and medium-term clinical outcomes of MIS-C.

Methods

Prospective observational cohort study at Municipal Children’s Hospital Morozovskaya, Moscow, Russia. All children meeting the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), or the World Health Organization (WHO) MIS-C case definition admitted to the hospital between 17 May and 26 October 2020 were included in the study. All survivors were invited to attend a clinic at 2 and 6 weeks after hospital discharge.

Results

37 children median age 6 years (interquartile range [IQR] 3.3–9.4), 59.5% (22/37) boys were included in the study. 48.6% (18/37) of patients required ICU care. One child died. All children had increased levels of systemic inflammatory markers during the acute event. Echocardiographic investigations identified abnormal findings in 35.1% (13/37) of children. 5.6% (2/36) of children were presenting with any symptoms six weeks after discharge. By six weeks the inflammatory markers were within the reference norms in all children. The echocardiographic evaluation showed persistent coronary dilatation in one child.

Conclusions

Despite the severity of their acute MIS-C, the majority of children in our cohort fully recovered with none having elevated laboratory markers of inflammation at 6 weeks, few (< 10%) reporting persistent symptoms at 6 weeks, and only one with persistent echocardiographic abnormalities.
Temporal changes in the positivity rate of common enteric viruses among paediatric admissions in coastal Kenya, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2019–2022
Authors: Lambisia Arnold W. , Murunga Nickson , Mutunga Martin , Cheruiyot Robinson , Maina Grace , Makori Timothy O. , Nokes D. James , Agoti Charles N.
Published: January 2024

Background

The non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to curb the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, substantially disrupted the activity of other respiratory viruses. However, there is limited data from low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) to determine whether these NPIs also impacted the transmission of common enteric viruses. Here, we investigated the changes in the positivity rate of five enteric viruses among hospitalised children who presented with diarrhoea to a referral hospital in coastal Kenya, during COVID-19 pandemic period.

Methods

A total of 870 stool samples from children under 13 years of age admitted to Kilifi County Hospital between January 2019, and December 2022 were screened for rotavirus group A (RVA), norovirus genogroup II (GII), astrovirus, sapovirus, and adenovirus type F40/41 using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The proportions positive across the four years were compared using the chi-squared test statistic.

Results

One or more of the five virus targets were detected in 282 (32.4%) cases. A reduction in the positivity rate of RVA cases was observed from 2019 (12.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.7–16.2%) to 2020 (1.7%, 95% CI 0.2–6.0%; p < 0.001). However, in the 2022, RVA positivity rate rebounded to 23.5% (95% CI 18.2%–29.4%). For norovirus GII, the positivity rate fluctuated over the four years with its highest positivity rate observed in 2020 (16.2%; 95% C.I, 10.0–24.1%). No astrovirus cases were detected in 2020 and 2021, but the positivity rate in 2022 was similar to that in 2019 (3.1% (95% CI 1.5%–5.7%) vs. 3.3% (95% CI 1.4–6.5%)). A higher case fatality rate was observed in 2021 (9.0%) compared to the 2019 (3.2%), 2020 (6.8%) and 2022 (2.1%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our study finds that in 2020 the transmission of common enteric viruses, especially RVA and astrovirus, in Kilifi Kenya may have been disrupted due to the COVID-19 NPIs. After 2020, local enteric virus transmission patterns appeared to return to pre-pandemic levels coinciding with the removal of most of the government COVID-19 NPIs.
Enhancing specimen collection skills for dried blood spots through an immersive virtual learning environment: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Majid Hafsa , Jafri Lena , Rehman Shanzay , Jamil Azeema , Khanam Fatima , Shah Nadir , Khan Nasir Ali , Khan Aysha Habib
Published: January 2024

Objective

The quality of dried blood spot (DBS) specimens impacts newborn screening (NBS) results, hence proper training is crucial for DBS specimen collection. To address this, a training module for Allied Health Professionals (AHPs) and nurses was created on Moodle, a virtual learning environment (VLE). The purpose of this research was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of this module.

Methodology

Participants were trained on-site (March to December 2019), through online training sessions (January to June 2020), and the two training strategies were compared. Data analysis included the total number of participants, cost-effectiveness, trainer engagement, and the number of unacceptable samples collected by nurses/AHPs trained by the two strategies.

Results

A total of 55 nurses/AHPs were trained on-site, while 79 nurses/AHPs completed the online module and received certificates through online VLE-based training. The trainer engagement and cost were more for onsite training. After online training, the specimen rejection rate was reduced from 0.84% (44 rejected out of 5220 total specimens collected) to 0.38% (15/3920).

Conclusions

This study shows that using VLE-based DBS specimen collection training is feasible and effective for training nurses and AHPs.
Pollen food allergy syndrome secondary to molds and raw mushroom cross-reactivity: a case report
Authors: Gauld Ryan , Walter Graham , Zhu Rongbo
Published: January 2024

Background

Pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated reaction that causes oropharyngeal pruritus or angioedema due to homologous proteins present in the culprit food as well as a sensitizing aeroallergen. This cross-reactivity has been well established between pollen and fruits/vegetables. Given the evolutionary similarity between all fungi; cross-reactivity between spore forming microfungi and edible macrofungi have been suggested, however only a limited number of case reports have ever been published on this phenomenon. We present a case of a patient who experiences pollen food allergy syndrome-like symptoms following lightly cooked mushroom ingestion who otherwise was able to tolerate cooked mushrooms. We then review the literature to highlight the limited studies of an underrecognized PFAS cross-reactivity between molds and mushrooms.

Case presentation

A 15-year-old male presents with symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis was found to have multiple environmental sensitizations to molds via skin prick testing (C.gramineum, A.Pullulans and B.cinerea) and ImmunoCAP serum-specific IgE (A.alternata, C. herbarum, and P. notatum). He developed throat pruritus and subjective throat tightness following ingestion of mushroom containing pizza. ImmunoCAP serum specific IgE to whole mushroom was negative but fresh food prick testing to fresh portobello mushroom and cremini mushroom were both positive with a negative test to canned mushroom. The patient then underwent a graded oral challenge and successfully tolerated canned mushrooms.

Conclusion

This case highlights the potential cross-reactivity between microfungi aeroallergens and edible fungi, leading to PFAS-like reactions in susceptible individuals. The patient’s ability to tolerate canned mushrooms suggests a possible heat-labile protein as the cause of the reaction, similar to PFAS patients tolerating cooked but not raw fruits/vegetables. Positive skin prick test to both spore-forming fungi and edible fungi with negative and whole mushroom IgE results further support the hypothesis of cross-reactivity and sensitization. Further research is needed to identify the specific allergenic proteins involved in these cross-reactions and the susceptible species of mold and mushroom. Understanding these components will contribute to improved diagnosis and management of mold and mushroom allergies, and enhance our knowledge of allergenic cross-reactivity in general.
Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome: a case report
Authors: Nguyen Tung Thanh , Truong Anh Thai Hoang , Hoang Vu Anh , Van Huynh Duong , Van Nguyen Tuan , Le Chanh Trung , Dang Dung Thi Phuong , Le Minh Huu Nhat
Published: January 2024

Background

Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare condition that affects the eyes, face, heart, and teeth of patients. One notable dental characteristic of OFCD is radiculomegaly, or root gigantism, which highlights the role of dentists in detecting this syndrome. OFCD is an X-linked dominant syndrome that results from a variant in the BCOR gene. Our study presents the first documented case of OFCD in Vietnam and reports a novel BCOR gene variant observed in this case.

Case presentation

A 19-year-old Vietnamese female patient with an extremely long root with an abscess was clinically examined for the expression of OFCDs. The radiograph and the variant in BCOR gene were also evaluated. We identified abnormalities in the teeth, as well as ocular, facial, and cardiac features, with radiculomegaly of the canines being a specific symptom for OFCDs. The patient’s genetic analysis revealed a pathogenic heterozygous deletion at intron 11 of the BCOR gene, representing a novel variant.

Conclusion

Oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome (OFCD) is an extremely rare condition characterized by abnormalities in the eyes, face, heart, and teeth, often caused by variants in the BCOR gene. Radiculomegaly, or enlarged dental roots, is a key diagnostic feature of OFCD, and early detection is crucial for preventing future dental complications.
Atypical femur fracture in a male without history of bisphosphonate use: a case report
Authors: Al-Ajlouni Yazan A. , Lee Justin Lin , Lee Jessica Lin , Samuels Blossom
Published: January 2024

Background

Atypical femur fractures are a rare occurrence, especially in bisphosphonate-naïve men, and merit reporting owing to their unusual presentation and clinical implications. This case report highlights a unique instance of atypical femur fractures in a 73-year-old male with no prior bisphosphonate exposure.

Case presentation

The patient, a 73-year-old Indian male with no history of bisphosphonate use, presented with left thigh pain and swelling following a minor fall. Radiographic assessment unveiled a closed left mid diaphyseal femoral shaft fracture. Subsequent imaging revealed an impending fracture in the contralateral femur. A comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, encompassing radiographic analysis, laboratory tests, and clinical assessment confirmed the diagnosis. Surgical management via intramedullary nailing was pursued for both fractures. Notably, the patient’s medical history was characterized by radiographic manifestations, the infrequent occurrence of atypical femur fractures in men, and associated risk factors. Treatment encompassed anabolic bone therapy employing teriparatide, alongside discontinuation of antiresorptive agents.

Conclusions

This case underscores the significance of considering atypical femur fractures in older individuals with limited trauma history. It accentuates the role of anabolic agents in the therapeutic regimen and contributes to the evolving understanding of atypical femur fractures. The report underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and tailored management strategies in similar cases, thereby enhancing clinical practice and patient care.
Multi-layer features template update object tracking algorithm based on SiamFC++
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Wang Xuan , Wang Zhengyang , Hei Xinhong
Published: January 2024

SiamFC++ only extracts the object feature of the first frame as a tracking template, and only uses the highest level feature maps in both the classification branch and the regression branch, so that the respective characteristics of the two branches are not fully utilized. In view of this, the present paper proposes an object tracking algorithm based on SiamFC++. The algorithm uses the multi-layer features of the Siamese network to update template. First, FPN is used to extract feature maps from different layers of Backbone for classification branch and regression branch. Second, 3D convolution is used to update the tracking template of the object tracking algorithm. Next, a template update judgment condition is proposed based on mutual information. Finally, AlexNet is used as the backbone and GOT-10K as training set. Compared with SiamFC++, our algorithm obtains improved results on OTB100, VOT2016, VOT2018 and GOT-10k data sets, and the tracking process is real time.
The RRI Citizen Review Panel: a public engagement method for supporting responsible territorial policymaking
Authors: Bidstrup Maya Vestergaard , Gabova Snezhina , Kilintzis Pavlos , Samara Elpida , Kouskoura Amalia , Bakouros Yiannis , Roth Florian
Published: January 2024

Responsible Territorial Policymaking incorporates the main principles of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) into the policymaking process, making it well-suited for guiding the development of sustainable and resilient territorial policies that prioritise societal needs. As a cornerstone in RRI, public engagement plays a central role in this process, underscoring the importance of involving all societal actors to align outcomes with the needs, expectations, and values of society. In the absence of existing methods to gather sufficiently and effectively the citizens’ review of multiple policies at a territorial level, the RRI Citizen Review Panel is a new public engagement method developed to facilitate citizens’ review and validation of territorial policies. By using RRI as an analytical framework, this paper examines whether the RRI Citizen Review Panel can support Responsible Territorial Policymaking, not only by incorporating citizens’ perspectives into territorial policymaking, but also by making policies more responsible. The paper demonstrates that in the review of territorial policies, citizens are adding elements of RRI to a wide range of policies within different policy areas, contributing to making policies more responsible. Consequently, the RRI Citizen Review Panel emerges as a valuable tool for policymakers, enabling them to gather citizen perspectives and imbue policies with a heightened sense of responsibility.
Study on Crack Resistance and Calculation Model of RAC Beams Strengthened with Prestressed CFRP
Authors: Ji Yanting , Sun Sheng , Chen Aijiu , Yang Fen , Bai Shihua , Han Xiaoyan
Published: January 2024

With the development of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), the recovery rate of construction waste is improved, and the pollution problem is alleviated. In particular, RAC beams strengthened with prestressed carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) can exhibit improved mechanical properties, expanding RAC application. Four groups of reinforced RAC beam specimens contained 0%, 40%, 70%, and 100% recycled coarse aggregate, respectively. Each group of beams was first pre-cracked and then strengthened by prestressed CFRP with one layer and two layers respectively. Finally, the bearing capacity tests were performed for these beams. The test results show that as the recycled coarse aggregate content increases, the cracking moment and ultimate load capacity of the beam decrease, while its crack width increases. As the CFRP layer increases, the deformation and crack width of the beam decreases, while the number of cracks increases. The prestressed CFRP also exhibited tensile and peeling failure. A beam deflection calculation model was established by introducing a coefficient k representing the interaction between recycled aggregate and CFRP. The influence coefficient of concrete elongation on the crack width and average crack spacing of the beam was modified, and the crack width analysis model of the beam was established. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental observations. It can provide reference for the application and design of recycled concrete beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP.
How do professionals and non-professionals respond to non-suicidal self-injury? Lived experiences of psychiatric outpatients in Singapore
Authors: Tan Rachel Hsiao Shen , Shahwan Shazana , Zhang Yunjue , Sambasivam Rajeswari , Ong Say How , Subramaniam Mythily
Published: January 2024

Background

For young people who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), receiving negative responses to their NSSI can pose a barrier to future help-seeking. This qualitative study aimed to explore helpful and unhelpful ways in which professionals and non-professionals respond to NSSI, from the perspectives of individuals with lived experiences of NSSI.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 outpatients (6 males, 14 females) aged 17 to 29 years from a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Singapore, who had reported engaging in NSSI behavior in an earlier study. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and subthemes in the data.

Results

Professionals’ responses were organized into three main themes: ‘prescribing solutions without understanding needs’, ‘disapproval or judgment’, and ‘helpful responses’. Non-professionals’ responses were organized into four main themes: ‘emotionally charged responses’, ‘avoidance and inaction’, ‘poor understanding of reasons for NSSI’, and ‘providing tangible support and acknowledging NSSI’. Participants also described how unhelpful responses negatively impacted their willingness to seek help.

Conclusions

Our findings provide a better understanding of responses to NSSI that are considered helpful and unhelpful, and can be used to improve existing guidelines on responding to NSSI.
SnO2 nanostructure-based acetone sensors for breath analysis
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Arunkumar , Munirathinam Karthikeyan , Lee Dong-Weon
Published: January 2024

The World Health Organization reports that metabolic disorders are responsible for a significant proportion of global mortality. Considering this, breath sensors have gained prominence as effective tools for monitoring and diagnosing metabolic disorders, thanks to recent advancements in science and technology. In human exhaled breath, over 870 distinct volatile organic components (VOCs) have been identified. Among several VOCs, the detection of acetone in exhaled breath has received considerable attention in biomedical applications. Research indicates a strong correlation between high acetone levels in human breath and several diseases, such as asthma, halitosis, lung cancer, and diabetes mellitus. For instance, acetone is particularly noteworthy as a biomarker in diabetes, where its concentration in exhaled breath often surpasses 1.76 parts per million (ppm), compared to less than 0.8 ppm in healthy individuals. Early diagnosis and intervention in diseases associated with elevated acetone levels, aided by such non-invasive techniques, have the potential to markedly reduce both mortality and the financial burden of healthcare. Over time, various nanostructured gas sensing technologies have been developed for detecting acetone in both ambient air and exhaled breath. This article presents a mini review of cutting-edge research on acetone gas sensing, focusing specifically on nanostructured metal oxides. It discusses critical factors influencing the performance of acetone gas sensors, including acetone concentration levels and operational temperature, which affect their sensitivity, selectivity, and response times. The aim of this review is to encourage further advancements in the development of high-performance acetone gas sensors utilizing nanostructured materials, contributing to more effective management of metabolic disorders.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of lignin-derived products from all steam-exploded palm oil mill lignocellulosic biomass waste
Authors: Sholahuddin Sholahuddin , Arinawati Dian Yosi , Nathan Vinod Kumar , Asada Chikako , Nakamura Yoshitoshi
Published: January 2024

Background

Steam explosion pretreatment has been proven to be an effective treatment for breaking down the recalcitrant character of lignin–carbohydrate complexes (LCC) in lignocellulosic biomass. This study investigated the production of lignin-derived products from steam-exploded palm oil mill lignocellulosic biomass waste (POMLBW), that is, empty fruit bunches (EFB), kernel shells (KS), and kernel fibers (KF), also known as mesocarp fibers. Steam explosions cause lignin depolymerization, which forms various polyphenols. The low average molecular weight of the steam-exploded lignin-derived products and their antioxidant activities could potentially enhance their antimicrobial activities.

Methods

POMLBW was steam-exploded with various degrees of severity factors (R0: 4.03, 4.91, 5.12, 5.35, and 5.65). Steam-exploded POMLBW produces lignin-derived products such as low-molecular-weight lignin (LML) and water-soluble lignin (WSL). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 0.5 mM 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Polyphenol content was evaluated using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using an agar diffusion assay with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the thermal characteristics were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.

Results

WSL and LML resulted in high radical scavenging activity (RSA) of approximately 95% and 80%, with 0.25 g/L and 0.5 g/L of EC50, where the polyphenol amount was 242–448 mg/g (catechin eq.) and 20–117 mg/g (catechin eq.) under all LML and WSL conditions, respectively. The steam-exploded POMLBW had an average molecular weight of 1589–2832 Da, and this condition, including high RSA and polyphenol amounts, was responsible for the high antimicrobial activities of LML against both Gram-positive (Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Additionally, the thermal properties investigations revealed that the glass transition temperature was 80–90 °C (Tg), the melting temperature (Tm) was 338–362 °C, and the start temperature was 101–128 °C at the beginning of mass loss.

Conclusions

These results show that the lignin-derived product from steam-exploded POMLBW has the potential for antioxidant (LML and WSL) and antimicrobial (LML) applications with good thermal resistance.

Graphical Abstract
Estimating hourly surface shortwave radiation over northeast of the Tibetan Plateau by assimilating Himawari-8 cloud optical thickness
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Letu Husi , Dai Tie , Shi Chong , Lei Yonghui , Peng Yiran , Lin Yanluan , Chen Liangfu , Shi Jiancheng , Tian Wei , Shi Guangyu
Published: January 2024

To reduce the uncertainty estimation of clouds and improve the forecast of surface shortwave radiation (SSR) over the Tibetan Plateau, a new cloud assimilation system is proposed which is the first attempt to directly apply the four-dimensional local ensemble transform Kalman filter method to assimilate the cloud optical thickness (COT). The high-resolution spatial and temporal data assimilated from the next-generation geostationary satellite Himawari-8, with the high-assimilation frequency, realized an accurate estimation of the clouds and radiation forecasting. The COT and SSR were significantly improved after the assimilation by independent verification. The correlation coefficient (CORR) of the SSR was increased by 11.3%, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE) were decreased by 28.5% and 58.9%, respectively. The 2-h cycle assimilation forecast results show that the overestimation of SSR has been effectively reduced using the assimilation system. These findings demonstrate the high potential of this assimilation technique in forecasting of SSR in numerical weather prediction. The ultimate goal that to improve the model forecast through the assimilation of cloud properties requires further studies to achieve.
Have the extraordinary circumstances of the COVID-19 outbreak and the Russian–Ukrainian conflict impacted the efficiency of cryptocurrencies?
Authors: Maghyereh Aktham , Al-Shboul Mohammad
Published: January 2024

This study explores whether the COVID-19 outbreak and Russian–Ukrainian (R–U) conflict have impacted the efficiency of cryptocurrencies. The novelty of this study is the use of the Cramér-von Mises test to examine cryptocurrency efficiency. We used a sample of daily prices for the six largest cryptocurrencies, covering the period from September 11, 2017, to September 30, 2022. Cryptocurrencies are found to be weakly efficient but exhibit heterogeneous levels of efficiency across currencies. Extraordinary events (COVID-19 and R–U) play a vital role in the degree of efficiency, where a trend toward inefficiency appears in all cryptocurrencies except for Ethereum Classic and Ripple. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the degree of inefficiency was higher than the level of inefficiency during R–U. This study provides useful guidance for investors and portfolio diversifiers to adjust their asset allocations during normal and stressful market periods.
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion using single PEEK cage without pedicle screw fixation for lumbar disc herniation; Initial experience in Menoufia University Hospital
Authors: Elnaggar Ahmed Gabry , Elsisi Yasser Bahgat , Shereef Osama Saber
Published: January 2024

Background

Lumbar discectomy has successful initial clinical outcome; its long-term success rate decreases to 40–80% due to chronic low back pain and recurrent disc herniation.

Objective

To evaluate the clinical results of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with a single unilateral stand-alone PEEK (Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone) cage without pedicle screw fixation for single level lumbar disc herniation.

Methods

A retrospective study of 40 patients (24 men and 16 women) with lumbar disc herniation, was conducted in the period from January 2016 through January 2021. The follow-up continued till December 2021. All patients suffered from single level lumbar disc herniation and were treated with Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with a single unilateral stand-alone PEEK cage without pedicle screw fixation.

Results

The affected levels were L2–3 in 2 cases, L3–4 in 8 cases, L4–5 in 18 cases and L5–S1 in 12 cases. On 18th month follow-up, significant decrease in leg pain, LBP and ODI scores was detected (p< 0.001).

Conclusions

This technique produced satisfying clinical enhancement in residual LBP, accepted radiological outcome such as maintaining the proper intervertebral disc space and prevention of recurrent disc herniation.
Portal vein embolization following arterial portography for the management of an active portal bleeding after blunt liver trauma in a cirrhotic patient
Authors: L’Huillier Romain , Cayot Bénédicte , Turc Jean , Milot Laurent
Published: January 2024

Background

The management of blunt liver trauma in cirrhotic patients is challenging, because while bleeding is most often of arterial origin, the increased pressure in the portal system associated with cirrhosis can increase the risk of portal bleeding, which is sometimes difficult to confirm on contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography.

Case presentation

We managed a 54-year-old cirrhotic patient who presented with blunt liver trauma. Computed Tomography showed active intraperitoneal bleeding presumed to be of hepatic origin. Given the patient's hemodynamic stability, the decision was made to manage the patient non-surgically. The patient underwent hepatic arteriography to rule out an arterial origin to the bleeding. A superior mesenteric arterial portography confirmed the portal venous origin of the bleeding. To stop the bleeding, a distal portal vein embolization using coils and glue was performed by approaching a large paraumbilical vein.

Conclusions

Our case study shows the value of arterial portography in the management of these patients, when they are clinically stable enough to benefit from non-surgical management; This allows arterial bleeding to be excluded on hepatic arteriography, portal bleeding to be confirmed on portography following arteriography in the superior mesenteric artery, and guidance of portal vein embolization.
Simulating long-term wildfire impacts on boreal forest structure in Central Yakutia, Siberia, since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Glückler Ramesh , Gloy Josias , Dietze Elisabeth , Herzschuh Ulrike , Kruse Stefan
Published: January 2024

Background

Wildfires are recognized as an important ecological component of larch-dominated boreal forests in eastern Siberia. However, long-term fire-vegetation dynamics in this unique environment are poorly understood. Recent paleoecological research suggests that intensifying fire regimes may induce millennial-scale shifts in forest structure and composition. This may, in turn, result in positive feedback on intensifying wildfires and permafrost degradation, apart from threatening human livelihoods. Most common fire-vegetation models do not explicitly include detailed individual-based tree population dynamics, but a focus on patterns of forest structure emerging from interactions among individual trees may provide a beneficial perspective on the impacts of changing fire regimes in eastern Siberia. To simulate these impacts on forest structure at millennial timescales, we apply the individual-based, spatially explicit vegetation model LAVESI-FIRE, expanded with a new fire module. Satellite-based fire observations along with fieldwork data were used to inform the implementation of wildfire occurrence and adjust model parameters.

Results

Simulations of annual forest development and wildfire activity at a study site in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) since the Last Glacial Maximum (c. 20,000 years BP) highlight the variable impacts of fire regimes on forest structure throughout time. Modeled annual fire probability and subsequent burned area in the Holocene compare well with a local reconstruction of charcoal influx in lake sediments. Wildfires can be followed by different forest regeneration pathways, depending on fire frequency and intensity and the pre-fire forest conditions. We find that medium-intensity wildfires at fire return intervals of 50 years or more benefit the dominance of fire-resisting Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.), while stand-replacing fires tend to enable the establishment of evergreen conifers. Apart from post-fire mortality, wildfires modulate forest development mainly through competition effects and a reduction of the model’s litter layer.

Conclusion

With its fine-scale population dynamics, LAVESI-FIRE can serve as a highly localized, spatially explicit tool to understand the long-term impacts of boreal wildfires on forest structure and to better constrain interpretations of paleoecological reconstructions of fire activity.
The disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) promotes peritoneal fibrosis through the upregulation and activation of protein tyrosine kinases
Authors: Tao Min , Shi Yingfeng , Chen Hui , Li Jinqing , Wang Yi , Ma Xiaoyan , Du Lin , Wang Yishu , Yang Xinyu , Hu Yan , Zhou Xun , Zhong Qin , Yan Danying , Qiu Andong , Zhuang Shougang , Liu Na
Published: January 2024

The disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L), a specific histone methyltransferase that catalyzed methylation of histone H3 on lysine 79, was associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, but its role in peritoneal fibrosis remained unexplored. Here, we examined the role of DOT1L in the expression and activation of protein tyrosine kinases and development of peritoneal fibrosis. We found that a significant rise of DOT1L expression in the fibrotic peritoneum tissues from long-term PD patients and mice. Inhibition of DOT1L significantly attenuated the profibrotic phenotypic differentiation of mesothelial cells and macrophages, and alleviated peritoneal fibrosis. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis indicated that DOT1L was mainly involved in the processes of protein tyrosine kinase binding and extracellular matrix structural constituent in the peritoneum. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed that intranuclear DOT1L guided H3K79me2 to upregulate EGFR in mesothelial cells and JAK3 in macrophages. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence showed that extranuclear DOT1L could interact with EGFR and JAK3, and maintain the activated signaling pathways. In summary, DOT1L promoted the expression and activation of tyrosine kinases (EGFR in mesothelial cells and JAK3 in macrophages), promoting cells differentiate into profibrotic phenotype and thus peritoneal fibrosis. We provide the novel mechanism of dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis (PF) and the new targets for clinical drug development. DOT1L inhibitor had the PF therapeutic potential.