bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s Aurat in the Qur’an Surah Al-Ahzab Verse 59: Discourse Relevance of the Veil in the Indonesian Context
Authors: Zulfikar Eko , Rosyad Aftonur , Afiyah Nur
Published: July 2022

This paper explores women's genitalia as far as QS sees it. al-Ahzab [33] verse 59. The specific explanation is related to the use of the veil, which is widespread in the Indonesian context. This study uses a thematic analysis method of the verses of the Qur'an, and it is concluded that there are differences of opinion regarding women's genitalia, especially regarding the face and palms, whether they are classified as aurat or not. This difference then developed in the legal issue of wearing the veil for women. Regarding the use of the veil, scholars consider social conditions so that there are scholars who require women to wear the veil since there has been a lot of slander spread in the community. Some scholars do not require women to wear the veil because the veil is considered a culture that grows from the local culture. However, wearing the veil for women remains relevant in Indonesia because, in addition to the veil protecting women from naughty views of the opposite sex, it will also affect their subconscious to improve religious practices in their lives.
Antecedent Of Halal Food Purchasing Decision: A Theory Of Planned Behavior (TPB) Approach
Authors: Hasyim Fuad , Purnasari Nurwulan
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence Indonesian customers in purchasing decisions for halal food. The approach taken uses the theory of planned behavior (TPB) because this theory emphasizes the aspects of individual behavior in making purchase decisions. Data obtained from distributing e-questionnaires with random sampling technique. The data is processed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that all TPB constructs have a significant influence on the purchase of halal food by Indonesian customers. This research adds to and expands our knowledge of the halal food purchasing decision, as well as identifying the rationales for halal food purchases. From a managerial standpoint, the findings support investment decisions and relate to Indonesia's growth as a halal hub (supply chain) that addresses and considers the concerns and needs of businesses and Indonesian government agencies..
Nodal System Analysis Using Object-Oriented Programming Techniques
Authors: Takacs Gabor , Turzo Zoltan
Published: July 2022

In order to efficiently design a flowing or artificial lifted well and to choose the most economical producing equipment, one has to analyze its components in conjunction with the entire system. These kinds of analyses are customarily called Nodal System Analyses. The development of computer programs for Nodal System Analysis is a complicated and time-consuming task mainly due to the complexity of the system. A recently emerging programming technique, Object-Oriented Programming or OOP can provide programmers an excellent means for solving such difficult problems.

The aim of this paper is to show the use of OOP programming techniques in the development of a computer program for Nodal System Analysis. A discussion of Nodal Analysis methodology is given first. Then the fundamentals of Object Oriented Programming are shown with a detailed description of its basic terms: object, method, inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, etc. Application of OOP techniques is demonstrated through the development of a computer program for a simplified producing system of a flowing well. This case includes the following hydraulic components: reservoir, tubing string, flowline, separator. In the computer program, these elements are represented by individual objects with their own variables and subroutines. Since the different hydraulic components of the producing system have a lot of common parameters, the objects representing them have this feature as well. The main objects can be made up of smaller objects containing the common parameters resulting in a hierarchy of objects. In the paper, considerations are given on the most suitable hierarchy of objects along with details of their structure.

The practical value of any computer program heavily relies on an efficient input and output structure. According to the latest trends, the program developed here uses menu-based input and graphical output sections. The program developed in this paper was written in Turbo Pascal 6.0, its menu system was created using Turbo Vision, the object-oriented application framework for Turbo Pascal 6.0.
Insights into the bioinformatics and transcriptional analysis of the Elongator complexes (ELPs) Gene Family of wheat: TaELPs contribute to wheat abiotic stress tolerance and leaf senescence
Authors: Guo Feng , Islam Md Ashraful , Jin Xiujuan , Sun Lili , Zhao Kai , Lu Juan , Yan Rongyue , Li Ning , Zhang Wenjun , Wang Shuguang , Sun Daizhen
Published: July 2022

Background: Elongator complexes (ELPs) are the protein complexes that promote transcription through histone acetylation in eukaryotic cells and interact with elongating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). ELPs role in plant growth and development, signal transduction, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses have been confirmed in model plants. However, the functions of the wheat ELP genes are not well documented. Results: The present study was identified 18 members of the ELPs from the wheat genome by a homology search and further bioinformatics and transcriptions patterns in response to different stress conditions were analyzed to dissect their potential regulatory mechanisms in wheat. Gene duplication analysis showed that 18 pairs of ELP paralogous genes were derived from segmental duplication, which was divided into 6 clades by protein phylogenetic and cluster analysis. The orthologous analysis of wheat TaELPs genes showed that TaELP genes may have evolved from orthologous genes of other plant species or closely related plants. Moreover, a variety of Cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) related to growth and development, hormone response, biotic and abiotic stresses were identified in the TaELPs promoter region. Publicly available RNA-seq data analysis indicated that TaELPs gene family members were differentially expressed in wheat seedlings, roots, stems, and leaf panicles, as well as under abiotic stresses. Further, the qRT-PCR analysis showed that the transcription of TaELPs was induced under hormone, salt, and drought stress and during leaf senescence. Conclusions: Overall, TaELP genes might be regulated by hormone signaling pathways and responded to abiotic stress and leaf senescence, which could be investigated further as a potential candidate gene for wheat abiotic stress tolerance and yield improvement.
Microwave Photonic Channelized Receiver and Multi-band Frequency Conversion System Based on OFC
Authors: Wei Yongfeng , Wang Xin , Wang Ximin , Miao Yingxi , Ye Ming , Gong Caili
Published: July 2022

A novel microwave photonic channelized receiver and multi-band frequency conversion system based on optical frequency comb (OFC) is proposed and demonstrated. In the proposed scheme, the RF signal is modulated by a polarization modulator to generate 6-line OFC on the upper branch, and the microwave signal is modulated by the polarization modulator to generate ±st order sidebands on the lower branch. The upper and lower signals are coupled by an optical coupler and channelized by a wavelength division multiplexer to realize instantaneous frequency measurement and multi-band frequency conversion of microwave signals. The result shows that microwave signals from 0GHz to 29GHz can be measured by adjusting the comb spacing to 10GHz. When the microwave signal is 22GHz, the frequency conversion of microwave signal can also be completed by this system after the completion of frequency measurement, and it can be down-converted to 1.98GHz (L band), 8.05GHz (X band), 18.05GHz (K band) and can be up-converted to 28.05GHz (Ka band), 38.05GHz (Ka band), 48.05GHz (U band).
Modality-specific associations of sensory deficits with autistic traits
Authors: Bang Peter , Igelström Kajsa
Published: July 2022

Atypical sensory processing measured by self- or parent-report co-segregates with quantitative autistic traits (QAT) and has potential endophenotypic properties. It is not known whether this reflects a generalized sensory dysfunction or combinations of modality-specific mechanisms. We combined a Bayesian variable selection method with dominance analysis to obtain a more nuanced understanding of modality-specific associations. We recruited two independent cohorts of adults online to complete the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire and the Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire (GSQ). For each QAT, we performed stochastic search variable selection (SSVS) on GSQ subscales to test which modalities predicted QAT while controlling for uncertainty in the other variables. Dominance analysis was applied to the models identified by SSVS to evaluate the modalities' relative importance in predicting QAT. Only auditory scores reliably predicted all QATs when other modalities were accounted for. The proprioceptive scale, which included motor and interoceptive deficits, specifically predicted communicative QAT. The tactile scale, which included atypical touch/pain/temperature processing, specifically predicted social QAT. Although the findings must be interpreted in light of the limitations of the questionnaires, the study suggests that deficits in the auditory modality may be more likely than those in other senses to be a sensory endophenotype relevant to autism.
Genetically depauperate and still successful: few multilocus genotypes of the introduced parthenogenetic weevil Naupactus cervinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) prevail in the Continental United States
Authors: Rodriguero Marcela Silvina , Confalonieri Viviana A. , Smith Ava Mackay , Dornon Mary Kate , Zagoren Eleanor , Palmer Alice , Sequeira Andrea S.
Published: July 2022

Naupactus cervinus is a parthenogenetic weevil native to South America that is currently distributed worldwide. This flightless species is polyphagous and capable of modifying gene expression regimes for responding to stressful situations. Naupactus cervinus was first reported in the Continental US in 1874 and has rapidly colonized most of the world since. Previous studies suggested that an invader genotype successfully established even in areas of unsuitable environmental conditions. In the present work we analyze mitochondrial and nuclear sequences from 59 individuals collected in 13 localities across three states in the Southern US in order to describe the genetic diversity in this area of introduction not previously studied. Our results suggest that 97% of the samples carry the most prevalent invader genotype already reported, while a few show a novel mitochondrial derivative. This would support the hypothesis of a general purpose genotype capable of coping with adverse conditions and enlarging its geographical range. Given the historical introduction records and the prevalence of the invader genotype, it is possible that the continental US may act as a secondary source of introductions to other areas. Parthenogenesis and its associated lack of recombination could be useful in maintaining the linkage of genetic variants that facilitate colonization of distant, inadequate areas. We propose that scarce genetic variation in places of introduction may in fact be an asset that allows N . cervinus to thrive across a range of environmental conditions.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation in Iran
Authors: Darvishi Ali , Mousavi Mirtaher , Shirazikhah Marzieh , Zarei Mehdi Alizadeh , Hendi Hamidreza , Joghataei Faezeh , Daroudi Rajabali
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with a significant impact on quality of life and has various social and economic outcomes. There is ample evidence of the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions on this disease. So we aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of MS rehabilitation in Iran. Methods: A full economic evaluation was conducted using a Markov model. The structure of the model was designed according to the nature of interventions and the natural course of the disease. Parameters and variables were extracted from the available evidence. Costs and outcomes were calculated from the social perspective and a 5-year time horizon (60 monthly cycles) was considered for base-case analysis. Costs were estimated based on approved national standards for MS rehabilitation. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was also performed. TreeAge 2020 was used in all stages of analysis.Results: Average cost of rehabilitation strategy is higher compared to non-rehabilitation strategy, but with higher quality-adjusted life years (QALY) values. The amount of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was equal to $2,845.8 per QALY, which indicated that the rehabilitation strategy is cost-effective. By changing the Markov time horizon from 5 years to 10 years as a deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA), the rehabilitation strategy was dominant in terms of cost-effectiveness. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) results also confirmed the base case results with good probability. Conclusions: The MS rehabilitation was cost-effective. Also, by increasing the time horizon, the probability of cost-effectiveness of rehabilitation increases. The results of PSA also confirmed these findings.
An enantioselective four-component reaction via assembling two reaction intermediates
Authors: Qiu Huang , Yu Sifan , Chang Wenju , Hua Ruyu , Jie Xiaoting , Zhang Mengchu , Zhao Wenxuan , Chen Jinzhou , Zhang Dan , Liang Yong , Hu Wenhao
Published: July 2022

Reaction intermediate is a key molecular entity that has been used in explaining how the starting materials converts into the final products in the reaction, and it is always unstable, high-reactive, and short-lived. Extensive efforts have been devoted in identifying and characterizing such species via advanced physico-chemical analytical techniques. As an appealing alternative, trapping experiment with additional chemicals represents an efficient and powerful tool in this field. More importantly, this trapping strategy opens an opportunity to discovering new multicomponent reactions, and theoretically, novel multicomponent reactions with a ‘higher order’ variant could be developed via assembling two reaction intermediates. Herein, we report a highly diastereoselective and enantioselective four-component reactions (containing alcohols, diazoesters, enamines/indoles and aldehydes) that involve the coupling of in situ generated two intermediates (iminium and enol). These four-component reactions proceed under mild reaction conditions and show high functional group tolerance as well as broad substrate scope, affording the desired four-component coupling products (> 100 examples) with high efficiency. Notably, present four-component reaction is well compatible with a number of classic MCRs. A plausible mechanism with cross interception of the two active intermediates is also proposed based on a set of experimental and computational analyses. We hope that this strategy provides a new avenue for the development of novel higher-order MCRs in future research.
Association of preoperative conization with recurrences after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for FIGO 2018 stage IB1 cervical cancer
Authors: Ding Yan , Zhang Xuyin , Qiu Junjun , Li Chunbo , Hua Keqin
Published: July 2022

Objective
To evaluate association of preoperative conization with recurrences after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) for FIGO 2018 stage IB1 cervical cancer.
Methods
This is a retrospective study reviewing data of patients who underwent LRH for cervical cancer with squamous, adenosquamous and adenocarcinoma subtype from January 2014 to December 2018. All patients were restaged according to the 2018 FIGO staging system. Those who were FIGO 2018 stage IB1 met the inclusion. General characteristics and oncologic outcomes including recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed.
Results
1273 patients were included in the analysis. 616 (48.4%) patients underwent preoperative biopsy, and 657 (51.6%) patients underwent conization. Residual disease was observed in 822 (64.6%) patients. During a median follow-up of 50.30 months, 30 (2.4%) patients experienced recurrence. The univariate analysis showed that patients who had larger tumor diameter, the presence of residual tumor at final pathology, and underwent adjuvant treatment had a significant higher risk of recurrence(P < 0.01). Conversely, patients who underwent conization were significantly less likely to experience recurrence (P = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the independent risk factor associated with an increased risk of recurrence was resident macroscopic tumor (HR: 38.4, 95% CI:4.20-351.64, P = 0.001). On the contrary, preoperative conization was associated with a significantly lower risk of recurrence (HR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10–0.63, P = 0.003). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed patients who underwent conization had improved survival over those who underwent biopsy (5-year RFS: 98.6% vs 95.1%, P = 0.001). The 5-year RFS of patients with residual tumor was significant difference (R0: 99.2%, R1: 97.4%, R2: 93.6%, P < 0.001), especially the patients with residual macroscopic tumor after conization (R0: 99.5%, R1: 99.0%, R2:92.4%, P = 0.006).
Conclusion
Preoperative conization and the absence of residual tumor at the time of surgery might play a protective role in patients with FIGO 2018 IB1 cervical cancer following LRH, which support the theory of the influence of intraoperative tumor spread during radical hysterectomy. Further prospective evidence is needed.
Lithium carbonate accelerates the healing of periapical periodontitis
Authors: Itoh Shousaku , Kagioka Takumi , Hue Mai , Abe Makoto , Hayashi Mikako
Published: July 2022

We previously reported on the restorative properties of lithium chloride (LiCl) for periapical periodontitis using in vivo murine experiment. In this report, looking ahead to potential human clinical applications, we investigated the restorative properties of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) in the healing process of periapical periodontitis. If the application of Li2CO3 into root canals also confers the healing ability for periapical periodontitis, Li+ has the healing ability for periapical periodontitis. In this report, we used rats instead of mice in our experiments. From rat root canal treatment model experiments, we found that the application of Li2CO3 in the treatment of root canals was not only safe for the rat subjects, but it also conferred restorative properties to accelerate the healing of periapical periodontitis. The application of Li2CO3 induced CD68/CD206-double positive cells (i.e., M2 macrophages) and Foxp3-positive cells (i.e., regulatory T cells) in the rats’ periapical lesions at an early stage of inflammation. After 24 h from the application of Li2CO3, Axin2 positive cells were observed in periapical lesion. Our findings demonstrated that Li2CO3 activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and accelerates the healing process, making it a potential novel intracanal medicament for periapical periodontitis.
A relative comparison of antibacterial strength between platelet lysate and platelet factor 4 in vitro
Authors: Goodarzi Alireza , Roshani Mahdane , Arabestani Mohammadreza
Published: July 2022

Background
Recently the role of platelets in the tissue regeneration, wound healing, and prevention and control of infections have been reported. The treatment of bacterial infections has become a global challenge due to the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria; therefore, the development of new treatment options for the mentioned infections is essential. We assessed the antibacterial effect of human platelet lysate (PL) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) on bacteria commonly found in nosocomial infections.
Methods
In this study, the antibacterial activity of PL and PF4 was tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii by well diffusion and serial micro-dilution methods.
Results
In vitro results showed that PF4 inhibited the growth of S. aureus, E. faecalis A. baumannii, as a new antibacterial agent. While PL had no discernible impact on the growth parameters of any bacterium tested.
Conclusion
PF4 that is a biocompatible and safe product could be potentially useful in nosocomial infections. The use of PF4 is an attractive strategy for treating A. baumannii and S. aureus, E. faecalis nosocomial infections because it inhibits bacterial growth.
Human papilloma virus (HPV) integration signature in Cervical Lesions: identification of MACROD2 gene as HPV hot spot integration site.
Authors: Zhao Junwei , Zheng Wei , Wang Liqian , Jiang Haiyang , Wang Xiuli , Hou Jianqing , Xu Anli , Cong Jianglin
Published: July 2022

Background
High-risk HPV is clearly associated with cervical cancer. Integration of HPV DNA into the host genome is considered a key event in driving cervical carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism on how HR-HPV integration influences the host genome structure has remained enigmatic.
Methods
In our study, 25 DNA samples including 11 from fresh-frozen cervical carcinomas and 14 from fresh-frozen high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSILs) were detected using the method of HPV capture combined with next generation sequencing.
Results
We calculated the frequency in each viral gene or region and found that breakpoints were prone to occur in L1 and L2 instead of E2 in the cervical cancer (P = 0.0004 and P = 5.15×10− 40) and HSIL group (P = 2.1×10− 32 and P = 7.06×10− 13). The results revealed that HPV16 showed a strong tendency towards intronic region (P = 5.02×10–64) but a subtle tendency towards intergenic region (P = 0.04). The most frequent integration site was in the MACROD2 gene (introns 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9), which in MACROD2 functional domain.
Conclusion
Our results revealed that MACROD2 is HPV hot spot integration site in cervical lesions, and its deficiency alter DNA repair and sensitivity to DNA damage thought impaired PARP1 activity resulting in chromosome instability.
Introduction of Sb (V)-metalloid ion supported on mesoporous Nano- γ-alumina as an effective catalytic system for the synthesis of highly substituted tetrahydropyridines under ultrasonic and thermal conditions
Authors: Aghamohammadsadegh Maryam , Bamoniri Abdolhamid , Mirjalili Bi Bi Fatemeh
Published: July 2022

Background
In this research work, Nano-γ-Al2O3/Sb(V) was synthesized and characterized as a heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller plot, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis were used to characterization of Nano-γ-Al2O3/Sb(V). Tetrahydropyridine, is known as the nuclear structure in some natural products and drugs.
Results
Poly substituted tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylates are synthesized via one pot multi component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, aldehyde and aniline derivative. This present study introduces synthesis of tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate in the presence of Nano-γ-Al2O3/Sb(V) under ultrasonic and thermal conditions.
Conclusion
Compared to the previously reported methods, our attitude is suitable and offers several benefits such as milder reaction conditions, shorter reaction time, excellent yields and use of reusable catalyst.
Optoelectronic Properties of Monolayer and Bilayer AgI: Role of Many-body Interactions
Authors: Shakourian Mehdi , Alavi-Rad Hosein
Published: July 2022

In an outstanding experimental advance in the field of two-dimensional materials, monolayer AgI was synthesized using a graphene encapsulation approach [Adv.Mater.2022, 34, 2106922]. Herein, inspired by this experimental achievement, the intrinsic electronic and optical properties of monolayer and bilayer AgI are investigated using the density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory. For the bilayer, two different stackings are considered namely AA and AB. The results indicate that monolayer and bilayer AgI are direct band gap semiconductors. The G0W0 band gap is predicted to be 3.66, 1.45, and 1.58 eV for monolayer, bilayer AA, and bilayer AB, respectively. The optical spectra achieved from solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation show the first bright exciton to be located at 2.78, 0.65, and 0.75 eV for monolayer, bilayer AA, and bilayer AB, respectively. The obtained optical gaps for the bilayers are found to be much smaller than that of the monolayer, very suitable for optoelectronic applications in the visible light region. The exciton binding energy is calculated to be 0.88, 0.80, and 0.83 eV for monolayer, bilayer AA, and bilayer AB, respectively. Also, the average value of light absorption in the visible area is estimated to be 0.12, 1.16, and 1.09 × 107 m− 1 for monolayer, bilayer AA, and bilayer AB, respectively. The effects of many-body interactions on the optical responses of the structures are evaluated. Overall, it is found that the optoelectronic performance of AgI is improved from monolayer to bilayer. This study provides a fantastic vision concerning the intrinsic physical properties of monolayer and bilayer AgI and highlights their characteristics for optoelectronics applications.
Cardiotocography-dependent experimental comparison between artificial intelligence and human judgement of fetal asphyxia during delivery
Authors: Miyata Kohei , Alkanan Mohannad , Shibata Chihiro , Numano Hirotane , Imamura Toshiro , Fukunishi Hiroaki , Kameda Hiroyuki , Shinohara Kazuhiko , Miyamoto Shingo
Published: July 2022

Cardiotocography (CTG) has been widely used to promote newborn prognosis and has saved a vast number of pregnancies worldwide. The efficacy of this method which depends on real-time diagnosis has not changed for half a century. However, the establishment the computational diagnosis method of CTG with Artificial intelligence (AI) had been required to prevent misinterpretation and lessness of medical resource. Experimental and retrospective studies to estimate the efficiency of AI diagnosis and how it contributes to human diagnosis have thus far only been implemented using small cohorts. The usage of previously developed machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods has generated areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.730 and 0.949, respectively. In this study, diagnoses based on human judgement were collected from obstetricians and midwives. Neither ML nor DL could reach the high performance of humans. However, an aggregation analysis model mimicking the corroboration of newborn asphyxia predictions by human judgment and DL showed higher specificity and accuracy, though the AUC of receiver operating characteristics analyses were still lower than those with humans alone. While further data accumulation and analyses are necessary to increase the accuracy of these methods, they bear the promise of constituting a helpful tool for the safe management of delivery.
Effects of Minimalist Shoes on Pelvic Floor Activity in Nulliparous Women During Running at Different Velocities: a Randomized Cross-over Clinical Trial
Authors: García-Arrabe María , García-Fernández Pablo , Ruiz-Ruiz Beatriz , Prado-Álvarez Rebeca , Romero-Morales Carlos , Díaz-Arribas María José
Published: July 2022

Background: women's participation in running has grown dramatically, leading to an increased number of female pelvic floor pathologies (PFM), such as stress urinary incontinence. Objective: to determine the short-term effects of minimalist versus traditional running shoes on PFM EMG activity, femoral range of motion (ROM) and cadence variables in nulliparous women. Methods: prospective, randomized, crossover clinical trial. Fifty-one participants were randomized in two sequences (AB/BA crossover design). Femoral ROM, cadence and PFM activity were recorded. Results: Femur ROM at 6 km/h was higher with minimalist shoes by 1.62 degrees than with traditional shoes (p = 0.001). A main effect of shoe type (p=0.015) consistently observed a higher running cadence with the minimalist shoe compared to the traditional shoe. PFM electromyographic activity reports differences for 11km/h for the total mean (p=0.027) and minimum peaks at 9 km/h (p=0.011) and 11km/h (p=0.048) for the minimalist shoe compared to the traditional ones. Conclusions: Minimalist shoes produce effects on biomechanical running variables. Femur ROM increased to 6 km/h and cadence to 11 km/h with the use of minimalist shoes. The minimalist shoe increased electromyographic activation of PFM in the minimum peaks at speeds of 9 and 11km/h and total mean at speeds of 11km/h.
Cryo-EM structure and B-factor refinement with ensemble representation
Authors: Cragnolini Tristan , Beton Joseph , Topf Maya
Published: July 2022

Cryo-EM experiments produce images of macromolecular assemblies that are combined to produce three-dimensional density maps. It is common to fit atomic models of the contained molecules to interpret those maps, followed by a density-guided refinement. Here, we propose TEMPy-REFF, a novel method for atomic structure refinement in cryo-EM density maps. By representing the atomic positions as components of a mixture model, their variances as B-factors, and a model ensemble description, we significantly improve the fit to the map compared to what is currently achievable with state-of-the-art methods. We validate our method on a large benchmark of 366 cryo-EM maps from EMDB at 1.8-7.1Å resolution and their corresponding PDB assembly models. We also show that our approach can provide newly-modelled regions in EMDB deposited maps by combining it with AlphaFold-Multimer. Finally, our method provides a natural interpretation of maps into components, allowing us to accurately create composite maps.
Sustainable Production of Cellulose Nanoparticles from Biomass in One Pot Treatment
Authors: Vijay Poornima , Batchelor Warren , Saito Kei
Published: July 2022

The conventional production of nanocellulose from biomass demands multiple steps involving numerous chemicals like corrosive acids, bases, halogenated bleaching agents, and mechanical energy. This research aims to find a greener approach to producing nanocellulose from biomass. In nature, the brown rot fungi utilise iron complex and hydrogen peroxide to overcome the lignin boundary and approach cellulose in biomass. This fact encouraged us to use the same oxidative catalytic system on biomass in a one-pot process. Pinewood sawdust was taken as starting material, and the iron oxide, hydrogen peroxide oxidation system was applied with varying the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the reaction time. In 6 hours, a 95% pure cellulose with an aspect ratio of 1–15 was obtained from pinewood sawdust using a one-pot system. The yield of the process was very high, i.e., from the total cellulose content in pinewood, 85% of cellulose was recovered in this process. The degree of polymerisation of the obtained cellulose product was 100 ± 20 with the aspect ratio of 1–20, and it had high crystallinity of 75%. This nanocellulose would be a promising material for different derivatising reactions, with its high surface area (15.0 ± 0.5 m2/g) and low degree of polymerisation. This developed one-pot process has avoided using hazardous chemicals to produce nanocellulose material.
Quantifying the impact of alternate climate response uncertainty distributions under the global mitigation scenarios in the UK’s Committee on Climate Change Sixth Carbon budget.
Authors: Gohar Laila , Bernie Dan , Millar Richard , Lowe Jason A.
Published: July 2022

We examine two scenarios of global greenhouse gas emissions developed to inform the Committee on Climate Change’s advice on the level of the UK’s Sixth Carbon Budget - focusing on the uncertainty in the global temperature outcomes associated with new estimates for the Earth’s equilibrium climate sensitivity. The first scenario is a rapid global decarbonisation scenario and the second follows an interpretation of pre-2021 current national commitments to reduce emissions prior to 2030. Updated estimates of equilibrium climate sensitivity have little impact on the median global temperature response, resulting in peak temperature values between 1.7°C to 1.9°C for the scenario aligned with the Paris Agreement, compared to estimated peak warming based on the assessment of IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C. Under all climate sensitivity distributions considered the scenario has a greater than 66% likelihood of limiting peak global mean temperatures to under 2°C throughout the century. The choice of equilibrium sensitivity distribution has greater impact at higher percentiles with differences of up to 0.5°C and 0.8°C in the 95th percentile outcome for the Paris Agreement aligned and current policy scenarios respectively. These differences can bring forward the timing of reaching dangerous levels of global warming by up to a decade.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic characterization of new A-strain isolates of Maize streak virus from western Ethiopia
Authors: Ketsela Daniel , Oyeniran Kehinde Adewole , Bekele Berhanu , Fontenele Rafaela S , Kraberger Simona , Varsani Arvind
Published: July 2022

The A-strain of Maize streak virus (MSV) causes maize streak disease (MSD) which is a major biotic threat to maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies have described different maize streak virus (MSV) strains of economic importance from southern and eastern African countries, and how eastern African regions are hubs for MSV diversification. Despite these efforts, and lack of extensive sampling, there is limited knowledge about the MSV-A diversity in Ethiopia. Here, field sampling of maize plants and wild grasses with visible MSD symptoms were carried out in western Ethiopian regions of Gambela, Oromia, and Benishangul-Gumuz, during the maize growing season of 2019. The complete genomes of MSV isolates (n = 60) were cloned and Sanger sequenced. We use a model based phylogenetic approach to analyse 792 full MSV genome sequences available in the GenBank together with newly recovered genomes from Ethiopia to determine their subtypes and recombinant lineages. Of the 127 fields accessed, MSD prevalence was highest at 96% in Gambela region, and lowest in Oromia at 66%. Highest mean symptom severity of 4/5, (where 5 is the highest and 1 the lowest) was observed for both Gambela and Benishangul-Gumuz. Our results show that these new MSV isolates belong in the recombinant lineage V of the A1 subtype with the widest dissemination, and economic significance in the sub-Saharan Africa and the adjacent Indian Ocean islands.
Curcumin ameliorates LPS/D-GalN induced acute liver injury by regulating TLR4/NF-кB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Gui Ying , Zhang Yunchao , Lei Huan , Deng Qin , Liu Ziyuan , Li Shuo , Qiu Yinsheng , Mei Zhinan , Xu Lingyun
Published: July 2022

Background: NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in liver inflammation and injury. Curcumin, a polyphenol from Curcumin longa, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. The effects and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of curcumin were explored on acute liver injury induced by LPS/D-GalN.Methods and Results: An in vitro acute liver injury model was established on L-02 cells by treatment with10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS); An in vivo model was established on SD rats by intraperitoneal injection of 0.02 mg/kg LPS and 500 mg/kg D-galactosamine (D-GalN). Biochemical index detection, histopathology, Western blotting, and qPCR were used to explore the effects and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of curcumin on acute liver injury induced by LPS/D-GalN in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that curcumin significantly reduced the damage of L-02 cells induced by LPS, reduced the levels of transminase, inhibited oxidative stress induced by LPS in rats, and alleviated liver pathological injury. These effects accompanied by the downregulation of the expression of TLR4, NF-кB, and pyrotosis related proteins NLRP3 and caspase 1.Conclusions: Curcumin ameliorated acute liver injury induced by LPS and D-GalN in L-02 cells and SD rats by inhibiting TLR4/NF-кB/NLRP3 pathway.
Promising anti-Toxoplasma activity of 1,2,3-triazole tethering sulfonamide moiety; synthesis; characterization and in vitro study
Authors: Arafa Fadwa Mostafa , Osman Doaa Hassan , Tolba Mona Mohamed , Rezki Nadjet , Aouad Mohamed R , Hagar Mohamed , Osman Mervat , Said Heba
Published: July 2022

Background
Toxoplasmosis is an infection that prevails all over the world and is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii). The current study introduces new lead compounds for the treatment of T.gondii.
Methods
Three novel 1,2,3-triazoles-based sulfonamide scaffold were designed, synthesized and fully characterized in order to investigate the In vitro toxoplasmacidal potency using Vero cells as host for T. gondii. Selectivity index parameter was used to express compounds efficacy in the inhibition of T. gondii proliferation, whereas the scanning electron microscopy technique was used to assess the ultrastructural changes. A significant anti-toxoplasma activity was observed with hybrid molecules compared to the sulfadiazine as a positive control.
Results
The results showed that the IC50 (inhibitory concentration) of the investigated compounds 3(a,b,c) were recoded as 10.335 µg/ml, 20.106 µg/ml and 5.574 µg/ml, respectively; while the used sulfadiazine exhibited 49.794 µg/ml as IC50. The investigated 1,2,3-triazole-sulfadrug molecular conjugates 3(a,b,c) revealed selectivity index at 21.028, 8.356, 28.595, respectively. All compounds were highly selective than the gold standard drug which showed selectivity index of 7. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that most tachyzoites had remarkable morphological changes after 2 hours of exposure.
Conclusions
These results indicate that these new candidates 3(a,b,c) have the potential to be a viable source of antiparasitic therapeutic agents, and compound 3c exhibits the highest activity against T. gondii.
Assessment of Patient Willingness to SMS based health promotion and its associated factors in Northern Ethiopia: A facility based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebreslassie Tesfit Gebremeskel , Weldu Liya Mamo
Published: July 2022

Background: - The health system collaborating with mobile technology has created a mixed-expertise called mHealth. mHealth is about using mobile technology for treatment compliance, appointment reminders, community mobilization, and awareness-raising over health issues. Toll-free voice calls, downloadable third-party mobile applications, and bulk SMS are among the many different types of mHealth Initiatives. SMS is ubiquitous, lean, and with far-reaching technological capacity for infrastructure constraint setting. SMS-based health intervention mainly focuses on health education, self-management, health promotion, and health service provision. Different SMS-based health promotion implementation researches have been implemented in different parts of the globe. The findings of these researches conclude that SMS-based health promotion was efficacious towards addressing the intended purpose. But, according to the WHO observatory survey, raising awareness using mHealth initiatives have shown a low level of service uptake globally. Most of these researches were in developed countries, and taking these results ASIS and opting to implement it in low- and middle-income countries may have its own drawbacks. The purpose of this research is to assess patient willingness to SMS-based health promotion and identify its associated factors.Method: - Facility based cross-sectional study was used. Data were collected using adopted and customized questionnaire from previous studies. By means of single population proportion formula and simple random sampling technique, 400 Outpatient and inpatient visitors to Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital from September 2019 up to October 2020 were selected. SPSS v.26 was used to analyze descriptive statistics and associativity properties.Result: - Of all 400 participants, 343(85.75%) are willing to receive SMS intervention for health promotion. Though gender was not a moderator, education, age and settlement are associative factors for SMS based health promotion (P > 0.001). Most of Participants prefers to start the SMS service within one month (335(97.7)) and are in need of receiving the messages once a week (136(39.7%)) late in the evening (199 (58.0%)).Conclusion: The study showed that SMS willingness for health promotion was high. This study also revealed that the associated demographic factors such as Education and age should be given a special emphasis in designing and implementing SMS based intervention. Besides the type, mode and timing of the SMS service should be in line with the health intervention.
Anthropogenic microparticles in the emerald rockcod Trematomus bernacchii (Nototheniidae): a 1998 snapshot from the Antarctica
Authors: Bottari Teresa , Nibali Valeria Conti , Branca Caterina , Grotti Marco , Savoca Serena , Romeo Teresa , Spano Nunziacarla , Azzaro Maurizio , Greco Silvestro , D'Angelo Giovanna , Mancuso Monique
Published: July 2022

Anthropogenic microparticles (AMs) were found for the first time in specimens of Trematomus bernacchii collected in 1998 in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) and stored in the Antarctic Environmental Specimen Bank. Most of the identified AMs were fibers of natural and synthetic origin. The natural AMs were cellulosic, the synthetic ones were polyester, polypropylene, polypropylene/polyester, and cellulose acetate. The presence of dyes in the natural AMs indicates their anthropogenic origin. Five industrial dyes were identified by Raman spectroscopy with Indigo occurring in most of them (55%). Our research not only adds further data to the ongoing knowledge of pollution levels in the Antarctica ecosystem, it provides an interesting snapshot of the past, highlighting that microplastics and anthropogenic fiber pollution had already entered the Antarctic marine food web at the end of the ‘90s. These findings therefore establish the foundations for understand the changes in marine litter pollution over time.
The Correlation of Pericoronary Adipose Tissue with Coronary artery disease and left ventricular function
Authors: You Deshu , Yu Haiyang , Wang Zhiwei , Wei Xiaoyu , Wu Xiangxiang , Pan Changjie
Published: July 2022

Objective: To investigate the correlation of pericoronary adipose tissue with coronary artery disease and left ventricular function.Methods: Participants with clinically suspected coronary artery disease were enrolled. All participants underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and echocardiography followed by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) within 6month. pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) was extracted to analyze the correlation with Gensini score and left ventricular function parameter, including IVS, LVPW, LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDV, LVESV, FS, LVEF, LVM, LVMI. The correlation between PCAT and Gensini was assessed by using Spearman correlation analysis, and between PCAT volume or FAI and left ventricular function parameters was assessed by using partial correlation analysis.Results: One hundred and fifty-nine participants (mean age, 64.55years ±10.64, male:65.4%[104/159]) were included for final analysis. The risk factors of coronary artery disease, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, history of smoking and drinking, had no significant association with the PCAT (P>0.05); and there is no correlation between PCAT and Gensini score. However, the LAD-FAI was positively correlated with IVS(r=0.203, P=0.013), LVPW(r=0.218, P=0.008),LVEDD(r=0.317, P＜0.001)，LVESD(r=0.298, P＜0.001), LVEDV(r=0.317, P＜0.001), LVESV(r=0.301, P＜0.001), LVM(r=0.371, P＜0.001), LVMI(r=0.304, P＜0.001). The LCX-FAI was positively correlated with LVEDD(r=0.199, P=0.015)，LVESD(r=0.190, P=0.021), LVEDV(r=0.203, P=0.013), LVESV(r=0.197, P=0.016), LVM(r=0.220, P=0.007), LVMI(r=0.172, P=0.036). The RCA-FAI was positively correlated with LVEDD(r=0.258, P=0.002)，LVESD(r=0.238, P=0.004), LVEDV(r=0.266, P=0.001), LVESV (r=0.249, P=0.002), LVM(r=0.237, P=0.004), LVMI(r=0.218, P=0.008). The total volume was positively correlated with FS (r=0.167, P=0.042).Conclusion: The FAI was positively correlated with the left ventricular function, but was not associated with the severity of coronary artery disease.
Sweetness effect of stevioside in paraventricular thalamic enhanced the feeding motivation of mice
Authors: Zhu* Yingjie , Jiang Shaolei , Song Bo , Chen Gaowei , Shen Shuifa , Qian Wei-Liang , Liu Zhongdong
Published: July 2022

Attitudes towards the consumption of various types of sweetened food products are controlled by the central nervous system. Therefore, finding the brain regions responsible for regulating the feeding decisions on sweeteners in animals will provide new strategies for the development of sweeteners. Here, we selected sucrose and the other two plant sweeteners: stevioside and xylitol, then provided the mice with the diets supplemented with 25% sucrose, 1.25% stevioside and 25.05% xylitol, respectively, to ensure that these diets had the same sweetness. The mice showed strong preference for HSD (high sucrose diet) and HSSD (high stevioside diet), but they were not interested in HXD (high xylitol diet) with the same sweetness as HSD. After six weeks of intermittent exposure to different sweet diets, when the mice have consumed the corresponding diet, the c-fos expression level in paraventricular thalamic (PVT) of mice in HSD group is significantly higher than those in the HXD group (p < 0.0001) and CD group (p = 0.0006), and there was no significant difference from the HSSD group to HXD group (p = 0.0507). Though fiber photometry, we found that the PVT of mice were involved in the feeding motivation of different sweet diets. When the mice consumed sucrose solution, the neuronal activity of PVT increased rapidly and peaked at the instant when the mice obtained the sucrose solution, this phenomenon was also observed in the HSSD group of mice. The PVT activity of mice exposed to water and xylitol solutions has no fluctuation. Our data indicate that PVT is involved in the regulation of the feeding motivation of mice for different sweeteners, and stevioside can activate PVT like sucrose to increase the feeding motivation of animals.
Fragmentation Route of doubly ionized benzene, aniline, and nitroanilines monomers using a novel protocol from density functional theory and QTAIM
Authors: Oliveira Carlos X. , Costa Fabio L.P. , Mota Gunar V. S.
Published: July 2022

The possibility of finding the fragmentation routes by theoretical methods, led us to compare the molecular ions between neutral molecules of benzene, aniline, and o-, m-, and p-nitroaniline, using the Density Functional Theory (DFT), under an aug-cc-pVDZ base set and a B3LYP exchange-correlation functional. After determining the structure and electronic energy of neutral and doubly ionized species, we used a new protocol based on the analysis of Wiberg's binding indexes and the quantum theory of atoms in Bader molecules (QTAIM). Where the charge transfer and electronic distribution in aromatic monomers indicate the possibility of fragment formation in at least two pairs of carbon-carbon (CC) atoms and indicate the possible loss of the -CNH2 and -NO2 groups in the aniline and nitroaniline molecules doubly ionized.