bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student-Teacher Relationships and Human Flourishing: Preliminary Findings from Brazil
Authors: Reis Felipe Aurélio dos , Cunha Josafá Moreira da
Published: November 2023

Background: Education's role in holistic student development, including enhancing their socio-emotional skills and well-being, is widely recognized. Brazil has incorporated these skills into its curriculum, emphasizing a positive school environment. The quality of student-teacher relationships plays a vital role in students' flourishing, but there is limited evidence on these processes in majority-world contexts such as Brazil.

Objective: This study examines the association between student-teacher relationships and human flourishing among Brazilian adolescents.

Methods: Data from 2,760 adolescents enrolled in vocational high schools in Brazil is used. The Diener's Flourishing Scale (2009) and a teacher-student relationship measure were used. Hierarchical regression analysis examined age, gender, and student-teacher relationships as predictors of flourishing.

Results: Boys exhibited slightly higher flourishing than girls. The quality of teacher-student relationships significantly contributed to flourishing, explaining an additional 9% of variance above and beyond the effects of age and gender.

Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of teacher-student relationships for well-being in a majority-world context. Gender differences were noted, with boys reporting higher flourishing. The results suggest the need for further research to refine educational practices that promote student thriving.
Analysis of Entrepreneurial Aspects of Appropriate Technology Training Models to Create Farmer Business Opportunities
Authors: Basalamah Abdullah , Syam Husain , Mappalotteng Abdul Muis
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study was to examine the entrepreneurial dimensions associated with the utilization of suitable technology in order to generate commercial prospects for the supported partner villages of maize farmers. The study participants consisted of a sample of 23 agricultural practitioners who underwent interviews and completed a structured questionnaire. The hypothesis suggests that entrepreneurial elements have a beneficial influence on the creation of company possibilities. The aforementioned elements encompass an autonomous mentality, work attitude, propensity for risk-taking, and inclination towards cooperation. The collection of data was conducted through the methods of observation, interviews, and documentation. The research being conducted falls under the category of research and development, commonly referred to as R&D, and is based on Thiagarajan's 4D theory notion, which encompasses the stages of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The data underwent examination using descriptive statistics and qualitative analytical techniques. Based on the statistical analysis conducted on the four dimensions of entrepreneurship under investigation, it is evident that all of these dimensions exert an impact on the capacity to generate opportunities. Nevertheless, the most significant factor contributing to the creation of business possibilities is the work attitude, accounting for 39% of the overall influence. The present study highlights the expressed desire of farmers to get training in entrepreneurship, with the aim of enhancing their entrepreneurial competencies.
Challenges Facing Community Participation in Construction Projects of Ward Secondary Schools in Kibaha Town Council, Tanzania
Authors: Stewart Jackline Helberth , Phillipo Frank , Pesha John
Published: November 2023

Aims: This study aimed on investigating the challenges facing community participation in construction projects of ward secondary schools in Kibaha Town Council in Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed to examine social challenges, economic challenges and institutional challenges facing community participation in construction projects of ward secondary schools.

Materials and Methods: The study adopted cross-sectional study design as both open and ended questioners were used to collect primary information from a sample size of 99 respondents and 21 key informants. Sampling technique used were purposive and simple random sampling. Interview and questionnaire were used to collect information from the key informants and community members. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPPS V.25 and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: The findings from the study revealed that low knowledge among communities on the importance of participating in schools; household poverty and limited capability of secondary school leaders to encourage and organize communities are the challenges facing community participation in construction projects of ward secondary schools.

Conclusion: The study recommends that, community should be subjected to both formal and non-formal education so as to occupy knowledge on the importance of participating in schools construction project. The study also recommends that, community should not use household poverty as a reason for them to fail to participate in schools; they may participate through provision of labor and other related activities alternative to financial contribution. In additional leaders are also advised to expand their skills in organizing and encouraging community to participate in ward secondary schools construction projects.
Drone Based Bird Hazer for Sunflower Crop
Authors: Anand B. A.  , Hedge Suvarna C. , Kathyayini H. S.  , Raj B. A. Sunil
Published: November 2023

Bird's damage to agricultural crops is an important cause for the reduction of yield resulting in huge economic losses for the farming fraternity across the world. The natural habitats' of flocks across the world, for their feeding, largely depend on field crops. This would in turn cause problems to farmers, in large scale crop losses measuring up to 10 to 30% of total yield. To mitigate this huge crop loss due to the instincts of birds, we developed a technology to solve the problem permanently by adopting the latest available user-friendly techniques in the form of bird hazer. Numerous methods have been used in controlling birds, e.g. chemical, auditory, visual and lethal. In this research, visual and auditory methods were applied, where reflective boards and speakers were installed on a drone and were flown at different altitudes and intervals. The scaring approach was divided into four (4) categories; UAV, a combination of UAV and High DB Buzzer, a combination of UAV and signal generator and a combination of UAV, High DB Buzzer and signal generator respectively. The test was conducted at a sunflower field in GKVK, Bangalore. The findings indicate that a combination of UAV, High DB Buzzer and signal generator techniques scared the highest number of birds at a height of 2 m. The interval of flight does not show any correlation with the number of birds that flew away. In this research work, we developed an unmanned aerial bird hazer to mitigate and minimize flocks menace in the field for the reduction of crop damages by flocks.
Performance of Quinoa under Rainfed Alfisols of South Peninsular India
Authors: Reddy Y. Pavan Kumar , Reddy B. Sahadeva
Published: November 2023

Quinoa, an ancient crop to contribute to world food security and it is a crop with high potential to contribute to food security in various Regions worldwide, especially in those countries where the population does not have access to protein sources or where production conditions are limited by low humidity, reduced availability of inputs, and aridity. An attempt was done at ARS, Ananthapuramu to study the feasibility to raise the quinoa under rainfed conditions during kharif, 2015 and 2016 under RBD with 6 treatments in four replications. The crop was grown on 24th standard week and harvested at 40th standard week. Among the different varieties highest yield was recorded with under transplanting with 2150 kg/ha, with water use efficiency of 7.32 kg hamm-1 with IC-411824. Further highest germination percentage was recorded with the vermicompost when compared with soil when germination was kept under trays.IC-411824 recorded highest germination percentage (98 %) with vermicompost. The seed vigour and viability characters viz., germination index, seedling length and seed vigour index was highest with IC-411824. Under transplanting all the varieties matures earlier than direct sowing. The vegetative characters viz., plant height increases from vegetative to flowering in all varieties and recorded highest with IC-411824.
Exploring the Multi-Seasonal Relationships between Yield Traits with Natural Screening of Rice Blast Disease Under Hot Spot Conditions
Authors: Hosagoudar, G. N.  , Honnappa M.  , Padmashree R  , Sheshaiah  , Dushyantha Kumar, B. M.  , Umesh Babu B. S.  , Kovi Basavaraj S.
Published: November 2023

The experiment was conducted to study the comparative performance and blast disease screening  80 diverse rice cultivars including land races, obsolete varieties, modern cultivars and released varieties, local prevailing cultivars and advanced breeding/varietal lines as AICRIP testing trials for two successive seasons during Kharif-2021 and Kharif-2022 at AHRS Ponnampet, Karnataka- India, The results from ANOVA revealed that, MSS due to genotypes, were significant (p<0.01 and p<0.05) for all the yield traits studied. GYKH was varied from 270.65-6039.89, while 940.17-6039.88 with mean grain yield Kg/ha of 3596.01 and 3483.92 kg/ha during Kh-21 and Kh-22. High GCV and PCV with high heritability coupled with high GAM were observed for GYKH, while the remaining traits revealed low to medium GCV and PCV, heritability coupled with low to medium GAM. Correlation analysis revealed that significant and positive association was observed for PH, DFF, PL and GYKH. PCAs revealed that PC1, PC2 and PC3 showed 32.45%, 29.66% and 14.83% of contribution with 76.94% of total variation during Kharif-21 and 33.20%, 29.67% and 14.33% of contribution with 77.20% of variation for the studied traits during Kharif-22 respectively. Field screening of leaf and neck blast under natural hot spot area among 80 diverse genotypes resulted in identification of resistant sources as KPR-1, KPR-2, KHP-5, Mud-1014, IET-28515 and Kajajaya with promising yield performances.
Genetic Variability Studies in F2 Population of the Wheat Cross DDK-1029 x GPM DIC 66
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Biradar Suma S. , Malipatil Srivijay S. , Jadhav Anil , Revanasiddayya  , Channabasava  , Eshwar  , Sainanth  , D Khaja Mohinuddin , Patil Bharat
Published: November 2023

The selection of breeding material heavily relies on genetic variation and its inherited components. A thorough understanding of genetic variation is necessary in order to develop an improved variety. Thus, genetic parameters were assessed in the F2 population of the cross between DDK-1029 and GPM DIC 66. The genetic variability results indicated a moderate to high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation for characters like days to 50% flowering, plant height, productive tillers per plant, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, thousand grain weight and grain yield. In contrast, the protein, iron and zinc contents exhibited low to moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. All the traits had higher heritability except for grain yield which exhibited a moderate heritability. All the characters exhibited significant GAM except for days to maturity, iron content and protein content which exhibited moderate GAM. This suggests that high genetic variation, heritability, and GAM for such traits will aid in their improvement through both direct and indirect selection.
Low-temperature Stress Influences Organic Osmolytes, Antioxidants and Physiological Traits at Reproductive Stage of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties in Late-Kharif Planting
Authors: Yasmeen Begum , Patil R. P. , Meena M. K. , Suma T. C. , Lakshmikanth M. , Mahantashivayogayya K.
Published: November 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for most countries, originated from tropical areas and sensitive to low-temperature or temperate regions. A field experiment was conducted in at ARS, Ganagavathi, UAS, Raichur, Karnataka for two consecutive years (2020&2021). The experiment was laid out in two factorial randomized block design (RBD) in two dates of transplanting that is Kharif (K-15th September) and late-Kharif season (LK-30th September) with four varieties i.e., GNV-10-89 and GNV-1108 (short duration) and GNV-1801 and BPT-5204 (long duration) in three replications. The low-temperature at reproductive stage of late-Kharif season was 14±1oC., the results obtained at reproductive stage, proline content was higher in LK than K. Long duration varieties showed higher than short duration varieties. The total soluble sugar was higher in K and lower in LK, short duration varieties possessed higher than long duration varieties. The antioxidants activity like catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) and super oxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) was higher in the low-temperature stress condition that is LK than K and among varieties, long duration varieties showed higher antioxidants activity than short duration varieties. Photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate was higher in K and lower in LK, short duration varieties obtained higher than long duration varieties. Grain yield per hill was higher in K than LK and short duration varieties recorded higher than long duration varieties. This study concludes that the low-temperature encounter the reproductive stage of long duration varieties transplanted in LK.
Integrated Nutrient Management and Salicylic Acid Boost Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Yield under Deficit Moisture Stress at Different Critical Stages
Authors: Patnaik Girija Prasad , Baliarsingh Anupama , Dwibedi Sanat Kumar , Rath Bama Shankar , Mishra Dayanidhi , Panda Narayan , Samal Kailash Chandra
Published: November 2023

Aims: A field study was conducted to quantify the effect of moisture deficit stress at different critical stages of quinoa and different mitigation approaches were adopted in order to alleviate moisture deficit stress.

Study Design: The experiment was designed in a split-plot design comprising six main plots (water management) and four subplots (stress mitigation approaches). The treatments in main plots viz., cut-off irrigation at branching (M1), at ear formation (M2), flowering (M3), grain filling (M4) stages, irrigating at all four stages (M5) and irrigating as and when required (M6), and subplot treatments viz., soil test-based fertiliser recommendation (STBFR) (S1), STBFR + Salicylic acid spray at 100 ppm (S2), STBFR + rice straw mulching (S3) and integrated nutrient management (S4) were tested.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar during Rabi 2021-22.

Methodology: Moisture deficit stress was imposed by withholding irrigation water and not irrigating in the defined period. The treatments in the subplots were imposed as per the schedule.

Results: The lowest leaf area index was recorded when irrigation was withheld at the branching stage (0.61) which was statistically similar to M2 (no irrigation at the ear formation stage) with an average leaf area index of 0.64. Similarly, plants under integrated nutrient management practices (S4) recorded a significantly higher leaf area index (0.92) which was statistically at par with S2 (STFBR + Salicylic acid spray) which was 0.87. The reduction in the TCC was the maximum when stress was applied at the branching and ear formation stage compared to the flowering and grain filling stage. The increment in grain yield by following INM (S4) and STBFR+SA (S2) under drought stress and irrigated control was 23.6% and 17.6%, respectively over fully inorganic nutrient management (S1).

Conclusion: The result indicated that the branching stage is the most critical stage for irrigation in quinoa and integrated nutrient management could be the best approach under moisture deficit stress in quinoa among the other treatments.
Identification and Characterization of the Pathogen Causing Canker Disease in Acid Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) cv. Petlur Acid Lime
Authors: Kumar Pothuraju Pradeep , Madhumathi C. , Madhavi M. , Priya B. Tanuja , Rao M. Paratpara , Kavitha M.
Published: November 2023

In this study, the pathogen responsible for canker disease in Acid Lime Cv. Petlur Acid Lime was identified through a comprehensive analysis involving both morphological and molecular characterization techniques. Cultures of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (Xcc) bacterial isolate, grown on artificial media, exhibited distinct characteristics: small, round, and mucoid colonies with a gram-negative nature, as revealed by Gram staining. Molecular identification was performed using universal primers 27F and 1492R, resulting in a specific DNA band of 424 bp, confirming the presence of the pathogen in the samples.
A Rare Neurological Sequela: Pontine Infarct Conducing to Millard-gubler Syndrome
Authors: Vemana Hema Ratna Sai Lakshmi , Ahmed Nisar , Chikkala Bhagya Aruna , Gogulamanda Rupa Lavanya , Kandregula Priyanka , Nalli Minisha , Yanamadala Pavan Kumar
Published: November 2023

Background: Ventral Pontine Syndrome, likewise called Millard Gubler Syndrome (MGS) or Facial abducens hemiplegia disorder is a neurodegenerative problem that is described by one-sided lesions influencing the basal piece of the caudal pons including fascicles of the abducens and the facial nerves and the pyramidal lot filaments. Clinical findings incorporate fringe Facial Nerve Paralysis and neuromuscular shortcoming or loss of motion of at least one appendage. This is an exceptionally uncommon condition assessed to influence 1 out of 10, 00, 000. Men (aged 40-60 years) are bound to foster the condition than ladies.

Case Nuances: A 45-year-old male patient had intensely passed a-sided facial droop 4 days prior to presenting with weakness on the left half of his upper and lower appendages. He, along with his attender likewise referenced that he had recently had a 2-minute loss of cognizance, discombobulation, and vertical shifting of the right eye both when he lost his consciousness. He had low serum Vitamin D and was determined to have Millard Gubler Condition as an Infarct in the pontine locale was recognized in imaging, and was dealt with restoratively and with Non-intrusive treatment.

Discussion: Millard-Gubler disorder might cause cerebellar ataxia if the paramedian pontine dead tissue region somewhat expands horizontally, influencing the centre cerebellar peduncles. Detached pontine localized necrosis might have decent progress whenever analyzed and overseen early.

Conclusion: MGS is typically found in instances of brainstem cancers, drain, tuberculoma, parasitic contamination, Ischemic stroke secondary to impediment of the basilar supply route, and injury.
Seed Transmission of an Indian Isolate of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infecting Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Madhubala R. , Nakkeeran S. , Anitha K. , Renukadevi P. , Malathi V. G.
Published: November 2023

Chilli (Capsicum annuum. L) is an economically valuable spice crop worldwide and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is the major constraint for its production. To study its seed transmissibility nature, the chilli seedlings were sap-inoculated with CMV isolate (CMV-TSWA) from Warangal district, Telangana and raised under insect proof glasshouse condition until seed production. The CMV-infected plants developed mosaic, mottling, deformation, systemic infection, stunted appearance, delayed flower formation, deformed fruit production and reduced seed production compared to uninfected healthy plants. The virus was detected in the leaves, flowers, green fruit, dry pericarp and seeds of sap-inoculated chilli plants by DAC-ELISA and the percentage of detection was 83.33% in leaves, 46.66% in flowers, 20% in fruits, 16.66% in pericarp of dried chilli and 13.33% in seeds. Seedlings emerged from the infected seeds initially showed mottling and wrinkling of leaves, which further intensified as leaf deformation and stunted appearance compared to healthy ones, and the presence of CMV was confirmed by DAC-ELISA. CMV is seed-borne in chilli and transmitted from seed to seedlings and the rate of transmission was 9% as determined by grow-out test and DAC-ELISA.
The Healing Flora of Konjuh Mountain in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Huseinović Samira , Ahmetović Elma , Bektić Sanida , Selimović Samela , Memić Senad
Published: November 2023

The mountain of Konjuh is characterized by a landscape of high aesthetic value with significant diversity in biological, geomorphological, and hydrological aspects. This, combined with its cultural-historical heritage, religious and traditional values, provides the foundation for educational, ecotourism, and sports-recreational tourism activities, as well as for visitor enjoyment and the development of economic activities. Located in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Konjuh, along with Ozren, Javor, and Javornik, forms part of the chain of peripheral (higher) mountains, which, together with Trebavac and Majevica, represent the transition from the Dinaric mountain system to the vast Pannonian plain. The average elevation of the mountain is 1,000 meters. The Tuzla Canton government has passed a law declaring a portion of Konjuh Mountain, covering an area of 8,016 hectares, as a Cultural Heritage site of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The aim of this study was to systematically inventory medicinal plant species at seven sites on Konjuh Mountain in three municipalities (Kladanj, Živinice, and Banovići) at different altitudes (from 560 to 1,100 meters), classify medicinal plant species based on taxonomic and ecological attributes, and create phytocenological field records.

During the research, 109 medicinal plant species were identified, including endangered and endemic species. The taxonomic structure of the families of medicinal plants on Konjuh Mountain revealed the presence of 43 families, with the most represented being representatives of the Lamiaceae family at 13.76%, Asteraceae at 11.92%, Fabaceae at 7.33%, and Plantaginaceae at 5.50%. A phytogeographical analysis of the medicinal plant flora identified 11 areal types and groups. An analysis of the biological spectrum of flora in all habitats indicates the presence of six primary life form types, with hemicryptophytes (H) being dominant, accounting for 59 species.
Implementing Distributed Ledger Technology for Advanced Supply Chain Optimization in the Renewable Energy Sector: A Comprehensive Examination
Authors: Xuan Teo Rong
Published: November 2023

Blockchain, also known as a distributed ledger, is a novel technological advancement that is currently gaining prominence in several sectors and industries worldwide. Various interest groups, including energy businesses, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), start-ups, information technology developers, financial institutions, national authorities, and the academic community, have shown interest in this matter. The enhancement of daily corporate operations is projected to be achieved by several means, such as the decentralization of authority in transactions, installation of the Internet of Things (IoT), and utilization of smart contracts. Digitalization is already prevalent in several solutions within the energy sector, including smart grids, smart meters, and electric vehicles. Furthermore, the academic literature has developed a novel idea known as the Internet of Energy (IoE). This article examines the degree of trust and maturity associated with the use of Blockchain technology. The authors have developed the Blockchain Maturity Questionnaire to assess these factors. The database comprises replies obtained from experts in high management positions within the renewable energy sector. The report provides an overview of the current understanding of Blockchain technology, highlighting its primary advantages and challenges in implementation. Additionally, it examines the extent to which firms are inclined to use this technology into their future operations. The valuable input from industry professionals facilitated the development of a comprehensive plan, referred to as the "Roadmap for Blockchain Adoption," which outlines the integration of blockchain technology into forthcoming energy systems.
Assessment of the Cytomorphology of the Cerebral Cortex of Wistar Rats Exposed to Eliozu Dumpsite Leachate
Authors: Iyke Weleh I. , Dede Siyeofori, , Joy Wihioka, Tonye
Published: November 2023

The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the cerebrum and plays a critical role in various cognitive, sensory and motor functions. It is highly folded and has distinct regions responsible for different functions. Leachate refers to the liquid that forms when water percolates through waste materials, such as landfills and dumpsite picking up various organic and inorganic compounds along the way. It is a complex mixture of chemicals, including heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and other potentially harmful substances. Eliozu dumpsite is one of the biggest dumpsite in Port Harcourt metropolis. It receives deposits of both domestic and industrial wastes from Port Harcourt, these wastes are dumped untreated, and thus may pose serious environmental risks to inhabitants in the area. The present study focuses on the assessment of the cytomorphology of the cerebral cortex exposed to Eliozu dumpsite leachate using Wistar rats as model. Twenty five (25) male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of five animals each; the leachate was collected from the dumpsite and water from near-by borehole also collected. Group 1 which served as control group received 1ml of commercial bottle water, group 2 received 1ml of borehole water 1kilometer from the dumpsite, groups 3, 4 and 5 received different concentration of the leachate in 10%, 50% and 100% for ninety days, the animals were sacrificed after being anesthetized with chloroform vapor, the brains were collected and put in 10% formaldehyde, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), special stain Gorgon and Sweet for histopathological studies. The slides were placed in a light microscope and analyzed by a consultant Anatomy pathologist. The results revealed that the Eliozu dumpsite leachate does have deleterious effect on the cytomorphology of the cerebral cortex. Eliozu dumpsite leachate has shown deleterious effect on cerebral cortex which is an indication of toxicity that may cause brain death to the experimental animals. Therefore, it is recommended that continued research, education and public awareness are essential to promote sustainable waste management practices and safeguard the integrity of the cerebral cortex.
Effect of Tafamidis on Cardiac Function in Patients With Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shah Sanjiv J. , Fine Nowell , Garcia-Pavia Pablo , Klein Allan L. , Fernandes Fabio , Weissman Neil J. , Maurer Mathew S. , Boman Kurt , Gundapaneni Balarama , Sultan Marla B. , Elliott Perry
Published: November 2023

Importance

Tafamidis has been shown to improve survival in patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) compared with placebo. However, its effect on cardiac function has not been fully characterized.

Objective

To examine the effect of tafamidis on cardiac function in patients with ATTR-CM.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was an exploratory, post hoc analysis of the Tafamidis in Transthyretin Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial (ATTR-ACT), a multicenter, international, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 randomized clinical trial conducted from December 2013 to February 2018. The ATTR-ACT included 48 sites in 13 counties and enrolled patients aged 18 to 90 years with ATTR-CM. Data were analyzed from July 2018 to September 2023.

Intervention

Patients were randomized to tafamidis meglumine, 80 mg or 20 mg, or placebo for 30 months.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Patients were categorized based on left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction at enrollment as having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (≥50%), mildly reduced ejection fraction (41% to 49%), or reduced ejection fraction (≤40%). Changes from baseline to month 30 in LV ejection fraction, LV stroke volume, LV global longitudinal strain, and the ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to septal and lateral early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e′) were compared in patients receiving tafamidis, 80 mg, vs placebo.

Results

A total of 441 patients were randomized in ATTR-ACT, and 436 patients had available echocardiographic data. Of 436 included patients, 393 (90.1%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 74 (7) years. A total of 220 (50.5%), 119 (27.3%), and 97 (22.2%) had heart failure with preserved, mildly reduced, and reduced LV ejection fraction, respectively. Over 30 months, there was less pronounced worsening in 4 of the echocardiographic measures in patients receiving tafamidis, 80 mg (n = 176), vs placebo (n = 177) (least squares mean difference: LV stroke volume, 7.02 mL; 95% CI, 2.55-11.49; P = .002; LV global longitudinal strain, −1.02%; 95% CI, −1.73 to −0.31; P = .005; septal E/e′, −3.11; 95% CI, −5.50 to −0.72; P = .01; lateral E/e′, −2.35; 95% CI, −4.01 to −0.69; P = .006).

Conclusions and Relevance

Compared with placebo, tafamidis, 80 mg, attenuated the decline of LV systolic and diastolic function over 30 months in patients with ATTR-CM. Approximately half of patients had mildly reduced or reduced LV ejection fraction at enrollment, suggesting that ATTR-CM should be considered as a possible diagnosis in patients with heart failure regardless of underlying LV ejection fraction.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01994889
Multiple Umbilicated Papules on the Face
Authors: Bai Juan , Qiao Jianjun
Published: November 2023

A man in his 20s presented to the dermatology department with a monthlong history of gradually progressing papules and nodules on the face, accompanied by fever, fatigue, and weight loss. What is your diagnosis?
The Best Psoriasis Medications Emerge
Authors: Blauvelt Andrew , Noe Megan H.
Published: November 2023

Clinical Question

What are the most effective systemic medications to treat plaque psoriasis?

Bottom Line

The most effective drugs for psoriasis were infliximab, bimekizumab, ixekizumab, and risankizumab, and the clinical effectiveness was similar when these 4 drugs were compared against one another. No statistically significant differences in serious adverse events were identified in any of the drugs compared with placebo. The main limitations of this meta-analysis include the lack of assessment of clinical effectiveness beyond 52 weeks and the lack of safety assessments for nonserious adverse events.
Shared Decision‐Making During Virtual Care Regarding Rheumatologic and Chronic Conditions: Qualitative Study of Benefits, Pitfalls, and Optimization
Authors: Zickuhr Lisa , McCarthy Catherine , Nolan‐Thomas Emma , Westrich‐Robertson Tiffany , Baker Elizabeth A. , Hanson Janice L.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Virtual care (VC) is an accepted modality of care delivery, and shared decision‐making (SDM) benefits patients with rheumatologic and chronic conditions (RCCs). Unfortunately, research suggests reduced quality of SDM during VC. This study explores the benefits and shortcomings of SDM regarding RCCs during VC with suggestions for optimally using VC during SDM.

Methods

Following Stiggelbout's framework for SDM, we conducted focus groups of patients with RCCs and providers to understand their experiences with SDM during VC, probing for facilitating and challenging factors. We conducted content analysis of the transcripts, defining themes, and inductively reasoned to identify relationships among themes. We summarized the facilitators, barriers, and opportunities for improving SDM during VC that participants proposed.

Results

Virtual SDM shares several similarities with in‐person practice, as both draw upon trusting patient‐provider relationships, following the same general steps, and relying on effective communication. VC presents solutions for known barriers to in‐person SDM, expanding time for making decisions and access to care. Technology and virtual health systems introduce new barriers to SDM, and participants list opportunities for overcoming these concerns.

Conclusion

VC is a tool that can enhance and even support superior SDM compared with in‐person visits when implemented successfully, a condition requiring the development of nuanced skills to correctly identify when and how to best use VC for SDM as well as technology and health care structures that integrate SDM into VC. Therefore, patients, providers, insurance carriers, and policy makers all contribute to the success of SDM among RCCs during VC.
Improvement of the Cell Structure of Water‐Foamed Liquid Silicone Rubber
Authors: Marl Svenja , Hartung Michael , Klier Kevin , Rüppel Annette , Giesen Ralf-Urs , Heim Hans-Peter
Published: November 2023

This article shows three different water‐based physical blowing agents for liquid silicone rubber (LSR) in terms of physical, mechanical, and morphological properties depending on the manufacturing parameters and amounts of blowing agents. The compositions consist of common LSRs added with pure water, water–silicone oil emulsion, and aqueous silicone. The foaming process is initiated in an injection molding process. By subvolumetrically filling the mold, it is possible to foam the LSR during the injection molding process. This publication aims to compare different, water‐based blowing agents for LSR in the injection molding process. The results show that for all foams porosities between 0.25 and 0.4 are possible. An analysis of the foam structure shows that the aqueous silicone produces a significantly more homogeneous structure than the other two blowing agents. In addition, the mechanical properties are analyzed. For this purpose, tensile tests are carried out and the Shore hardness is determined. The elasticity and mechanical properties decrease slightly. The specific tensile strength also shows a small decrease, although this may be due to either the gradient of the foam structure or chemical reactions between the blowing agents and the LSR.
Medium‐ and High‐Entropy Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles via Low‐Temperature Synthesis for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zander Judith , Wölfel Julia Petra , Weiss Morten , Jiang Yiqun , Cheng Ningyan , Zhang Siyuan , Marschall Roland
Published: November 2023

High‐entropy oxides are a material class that is currently receiving rapidly increasing attention due to the large variety in composition and the adjustable properties. Cooperative effects between different metal cations in the crystal structure in addition to entropic phase stabilization have proven beneficial for electrocatalytic applications. Most synthesis methods, however, require high synthesis temperatures and long times, and additionally only yield selected samples in good phase‐purity. Furthermore, toxic or scarce elements are often present in large amounts. Herein, a non‐aqueous microwave‐assisted solvothermal synthesis is presented as a fast and low‐temperature alternative for the fabrication of a wide range of earth‐abundant ferrites (AFe2O4). Directly crystalline, phase‐pure spinel ferrites of various compositions ranging from one to seven different A‐ions are successfully obtained after only 30 min at 225 °C. A detailed characterization of their properties in relation to their composition is performed, and they are also employed for the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction. A partial replacement of Fe by Co moreover shows the high versatility of the synthesis that also allows for the simultaneous variation of the B‐ion.
Janus Metasurface for Super Radome with Asymmetric Diffusion and Absorption
Authors: Wang Shaojie , Xu He‐Xiu , Wang Mingzhao , Wei Hang , Zhang Fan , Hu Guangwei
Published: November 2023

Metasurface radome is crucial to protect the radiating antenna and control electromagnetic waves flexibly. However, current design methods for metasurface radome merely focus on the single propagation direction, with limited degrees of freedom. Here, a super radome is proposed with a directional scattering response based on Janus metasurface that can realize the phase modulation of y‐polarized waves and the amplitude modulation of x‐polarized waves with a judiciously designed structure. Both numerical and experimental results illustrate two cross‐polarized transmission windows with intensity exceeding 0.9 centered at 10 and 12.2 GHz and two out‐of‐band invisibility with considerable backward radar cross‐section reduction over −10 dB within 9.3–15.4 and 7.5–23.8 GHz when the radome is illuminated by y‐ and x‐polarized waves along negative and positive z directions, respectively. Moreover, the radar cross‐section reduction is maintained for off‐normal incidence even up to 45°. This method sets up a directional degree of freedom for advanced radome design and demonstrates its enormous potential in developing next‐generation stealth antennas.
Full Spectral Image Encryption in the Infrared using an Electrically Reconfigurable Metasurface and a Matched Detector
Authors: Audhkhasi Romil , Povinelli Michelle L.
Published: November 2023

The ability of metasurfaces to manipulate optical waves in the spatial and spectral domain provides new avenues for secure data storage. In this work, an encryption system consisting of an electrically tunable metasurface and a matched detector is presented for secure encryption of grayscale images in the 8–12 μm wavelength range. In the proposed scheme, the encrypted image corresponds to the spatially varying thermal intensity of the metasurface as captured by its matched detector. In contrast to previous metasurface‐based encryption schemes, the current approach leverages the full spectral response of the associated photonic devices to achieve secure encryption while circumventing the need for an increased device size. Using examples of single‐ and multi‐image encryption, it is shown that the optical properties of either the metasurface or matched detector alone do not reveal any meaningful information about the encrypted image, thereby validating the security of the proposed scheme. The electrical tunability of the metasurface provides additional security as the image can only be retrieved by operating it at a predefined voltage level. The results presented in this study provide intriguing possibilities for the development of compact and secure object tagging and anti‐counterfeiting applications in the infrared.
Advances in Functionalized Applications of Graphene‐Based Wearable Sensors in Healthcare
Authors: Akter Mahmuda , Anik Habibur Rahman , Tushar Shariful Islam , Tania Imana Shahrin , Chowdhury Md. Kamrul Hassan , Hasan Shah Md. Maruf , Bristy Bebe Fatema
Published: November 2023

Graphene has earned significant attention in the present world due to its light weight and extremely good conductive properties, which are used in different functional materials and smart devices. With skyrocketing demand, wearable sensors are evolving with many essential functionalities and flexibility in use. Moreover, wearable sensors can show some marvelous activities easily when they are incorporated with different nanomaterials and two‐dimensional (2D) materials. Therefore, after the immense effort and diligence of scientists over the years, wearable sensors can successfully exhibit numerous potential applications, such as motion detection, artificial intelligence, prosthetic skin, intelligent robotics, and human‐machine interface and interaction. With the rapid development of flexible, perceptible electrical devices, graphene‐based wearable sensors play an eminent role in healthcare. In this work, a comprehensive overview of recent research on wearable sensors and integrated systems for various sections of healthcare is demonstrated. Along with discussing the basic properties of graphene and the fabrication methods for graphene‐based wearable sensors, this work can help the scientists address them and set a projection for future studies. Wearable graphene‐based sensors have great potential to make healthcare facilities more accessible and enhance the quality of sensing activities, which has enormous implications for the future of healthcare.
A Novel Primary Cilium‐Mediated Mechanism Through which Osteocytes Regulate Metastatic Behavior of Both Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Verbruggen Stefaan W. , Nolan Joanne , Duffy Michael P. , Pearce Oliver M.T. , Jacobs Christopher R. , Knight Martin M.
Published: November 2023

Bone metastases are a common cause of suffering in breast and prostate cancer patients, however, the interaction between bone cells and cancer cells is poorly understood. Using a series of co‐culture, conditioned media, human cancer spheroid, and organ‐on‐a‐chip experiments, this study reveals that osteocytes suppress cancer cell proliferation and increase migration via tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) secretion. This action is regulated by osteocyte primary cilia and associated intraflagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88). Furthermore, it shows that cancer cells block this mechanism by secreting transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), which disrupts osteocyte cilia and IFT88 gene expression. This bi‐directional crosstalk signaling between osteocytes and cancer cells is common to both breast and prostate cancer. This study also proposes that osteocyte inhibition of cancer cell proliferation decreases as cancer cells increase, producing more TGF‐β. Hence, a positive feedback loop develops accelerating metastatic tumor growth. These findings demonstrate the importance of cancer cell‐osteocyte signaling in regulating breast and prostate bone metastases and support the development of therapies targeting this pathway.
Fast and Selective Luminescent Sensing by Langmuir–Schaeffer Films Based on Controlled Assembly of Perylene Bisimide Modified with A Cyclometalated AuIII Complex
Authors: Zhang Jing , Shi Zhiwei , Liu Ke , Shi Qiyuan , Yi Liang , Wang Junjie , Peng Lingya , Liu Taihong , Ma Miao , Fang Yu
Published: November 2023

Condensed films of functional luminophores dominated by the magnitude and dimensionality of the intermolecular interactions play important roles in sensing performance. However, controlling the molecular assembly and regulating photophysical properties remain challenging. In this study, a new luminophore, ortho‐PBI‐Au, was synthesized by anchoring a cyclometalated alkynyl‐gold(III) unit at the ortho‐position of perylene bisimide. An unprecedented T‐type packing model driven by weak Au‐π interaction and Au−H bonds was observed, laying foundation for striking properties of the luminophore. Controlled assembly of ortho‐PBI‐Au at the air‐water interface, realized using the classical Langmuir–Schaeffer technique, afforded the obtained luminescent films with different packing structures. With an optimized film, sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of a hazardous new psychoactive substance, phenylethylamine (PEA), was achieved. The detection limit, response time, and recovery time were <4 ppb, <1 s, and <5 s, respectively, surpassing the performance of the PEA sensors known thus far. The relationship between the characters of films and the sensing performance was systematically examined by grey relational analysis (GRA). The present study suggests that designing novel molecular aggregation with definite adlayer structure is a crucial strategy to enhance the sensing performance, which could be favorable for the film‐based fluorescent sensors.
Enzyme‐Polymer‐Conjugate‐Based Pickering Emulsions for Cell‐Free Expression and Cascade Biotransformation
Authors: Lu Haofan , Ouyang Jingping , Liu Wan‐Qiu , Wu Changzhu , Li Jian
Published: November 2023

In this study, we addressed the limitations of conventional enzyme‐polymer‐conjugate‐based Pickering emulsions for interfacial biocatalysis, which traditionally suffer from nonspecific and uncontrollable conjugation positions that can impede catalytic performance. By introducing a non‐canonical amino acid (ncAA) at a specific site on target enzymes, we enabled precise polymer‐enzyme conjugation. These engineered conjugates then acted as biocatalytically active emulsifiers to stabilize Pickering emulsions, while encapsulating a cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) system in the aqueous phase for targeted enzyme expression. The resulting cascade reaction system leveraged enzymes expressed in the aqueous phase and on the emulsion interface for optimized chemical biosynthesis. The use of the cell‐free system eliminated the need for intact whole cells or purified enzymes, representing a significant advancement in biocatalysis. Remarkably, the integration of Pickering emulsion, precise enzyme‐polymer conjugation, and CFPS resulted in a fivefold enhancement in catalytic performance as compared to traditional single‐phase reactions. Therefore, our approach harnesses the combined strengths of advanced biochemical engineering techniques, offering an efficient and practical solution for the synthesis of value‐added chemicals in various biocatalysis and biotransformation applications.
Reductive Cross‐Coupling of a Vinyl Thianthrenium Salt and Secondary Alkyl Iodides
Authors: Lansbergen Beatrice , Tewari Srija , Tomczyk Ireneusz , Seemann Maik , Buchholz Henning Louis , Rippegarten Mike , Cieminski Daniel Chamier , Juliá Fabio , Ritter Tobias
Published: November 2023

We report the first reductive vinylation of alkyl iodides. The reaction uses a vinyl thianthrenium salt, a palladium catalyst, and an alkyl zinc intermediate formed in situ to trap the LnPdII(vinyl) complex formed after oxidative addition before it undergoes undesired homocoupling to form butadiene.
Antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer screening of some nano mono Co(II), Zn(II), Ru(III), and Ag(I) binuclear metal complexes of new hydrazone ligand
Authors: Hassan Safaa S. , Rizk Nashwa M. H. , Khidr Manal A. , Aly Samar A.
Published: November 2023

A new series of Co(II), Zn(II), Ru(III), and Ag(I) complexes with the ligand (Z)‐N′‐(1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethylidene)‐2‐(p‐tolylamino)acetohydrazide (H2L) has been prepared. FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, electronic spectra, powder X‐ray, and thermal behavior were applied to elucidate the structural composition of new compounds. The electronic spectra proved that the Co(II), Zn(II), and Ru(III) complexes possess tetrahedral geometry, except the Ag(I) complex is a binuclear complex. The mass spectrum of the Zn(II) and Ag(I) chelates and the molecular ion peak observed at m/z values equivalent to the calculated molecular weight confirmed the proposed structure. Also, the SEM scanning electron microscope technique explored the spherical shape of all chelates, and the nanoscale was confirmed through TEM; the transmission electron microscope tool that provided the 7.0 nm was achieved in the case of Zn(II) chelate. Geometry optimization for all synthesized compounds was estimated by density functional theory (DFT) method using the Gaussian09 program. Biological screening as an antimicrobial and antitumor was studied. The Ru(III) complex revealed the greatest antibacterial efficiency, followed by the Co(II) complex. Co(II) complex revealed a greater affinity against fungi such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. All chelate‐induced antitumor effects against the MCF‐7 cell line, especially Ag(I) complex (IC50 = 62.36 μg/mL), exhibited the greatest efficiency. The activity sequence follows the order doxorubicin (standard drugs) > Ag(I) > Zn(II) > ligand < Ru(III) > Co(III) chelates. The molecular docking was performed and validated to support the biological results.