bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perpetration of Adolescent Dating Relationship Abuse: The Role of Conditional Tolerance for Violence and Friendship Factors
Authors: Mumford Elizabeth A. , Taylor Bruce G. , Giordano Peggy C.
Published: February 2017

Research has pointed to the salience of friendships in predicting abuse in adolescent dating relationships. The current study investigates the perpetration of physical and sexual dating abuse as predicted by individual conditional tolerance for dating abuse within the context of friendship behaviors and group characteristics. Using two waves of the National Survey of Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRiV; N = 511 daters aged 12-18 years), we investigated the effects of baseline individual tolerance for hitting dating partners and friendship factors on perpetration of physical and sexual adolescent dating abuse (ADA) approximately 1 year later. Conditional tolerance for hitting boyfriends was associated with ADA perpetration in the absence of friendship characteristics. Daters who reported recent discussion of a problem with friends and female daters who named all-girl friendship groups were more likely to report ADA perpetration. Close friendships are an avenue for preventing ADA perpetration. Furthermore, ADA perpetration may be reduced by targeting conditional tolerance for violence particularly against male partners within female friendship groups.
Intentional Innovation Communities: Concepts and Preliminary Evidence
Authors: Fortunato Michael W. P. , Alter Theodore R. , Adapa Sujana , Thomas Philip
Published: February 2017

This study examines Intentional Innovation Communities (IICs) as a strategy for catalyzing community-wide innovation at the grassroots level. IICs are a type of learning and innovation network blending social theories of human interaction with intentional innovation strategies supported in the entrepreneurship literature. IICs are intended to stimulate the development of intentional, community-driven networks for innovation that transcend current institutional and organizational boundaries, with an emphasis on building both democracy and strategy. The IIC model is designed to be broadly replicable. This study presents IICs conceptually and discusses key findings from pilot research that support their design. Then, case studies are presented from five communities in rural Australia, where IICs were used to form nascent network relationships and start meaningful discussions about launching community-driven entrepreneurship and innovation projects. The authors present outcomes, along with a discussion of the practical applications of the model, and new areas of research development around the IIC concept.
Prayer, Attachment to God, and Changes in Psychological Well-Being in Later Life
Authors: Bradshaw Matt , Kent Blake Victor
Published: February 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prayer and attachment to God on psychological well-being (PWB) in later life. Method: Using data from two waves of the nationwide Religion, Aging, and Health Survey, we estimate the associations between frequency of prayer and attachment to God at baseline with cross-wave changes in three measures of PWB: self-esteem, optimism, and life satisfaction. Results: Prayer does not have a main effect on PWB. Secure attachment to God is associated with improvements in optimism but not self-esteem or life satisfaction. The relationship between prayer and PWB is moderated by attachment to God; prayer is associated with improvements in PWB among securely attached individuals but not those who are insecurely attached to God. Discussion: These findings shed light on the complex relationship between prayer and PWB by showing that the effects of prayer are contingent upon one’s perceived relationship with God.
Friends with a Mandate: Friendship and Family in Bonhoeffer’s Ecclesiology
Authors: de Graaff Guido
Published: February 2017

Several social and cultural developments have led to a rethinking of the place and meaning of friendship within the life of the Church, not least its relation to family (and marriage). Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s theology has great potential for informing such renewed reflection. At face value, he appears to count both Church and family among the divine ‘mandates’, leaving friendship to a realm of ‘freedom’ outside the mandates. Yet closer reading of his writings—not least his correspondence with Bethge—reveals, first, a more singular role of the Church vis-à-vis the mandates (including family); and secondly, congeniality between friendship and the ‘vicarious representative’ practices that lie at the heart of Bonhoeffer’s ecclesiology. Together, these findings allow us to recognise family and friendship as complementary expressions of discipleship, each supporting the other precisely by setting a limit to the specific type of ‘vicarious representative’ responsibility entrusted to each.
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation and experimental study of ultrasonic machining
Authors: Wang Jingsi , Xu Shaolin , Shimada Keita , Mizutani Masayoshi , Kuriyagawa Tsunemoto
Published: February 2017

Hard and brittle materials like glass and ceramics are highly demanded in modern manufacturing industries. However, their superior physical and mechanical properties lead to high cost of machining. Ultrasonic machining has been regarded as one of the most suitable fabrication techniques for these kinds of materials. A smoothed particle hydrodynamics model was proposed to study the material removal mechanism of the ultrasonic machining in this study. Influences of abrasive materials and the particle shapes on the crack formation of work substrates were investigated using this smoothed particle hydrodynamics model. Experiments were also conducted to verify the simulation model. Both of the simulation and experimental results show that using hard and spherical abrasive particles is helpful to improve the material removal efficiency. This work was the first to demonstrate the crack formation mechanisms during ultrasonic machining with different abrasive particles using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, which is significant for improving the machining performance of the ultrasonic machining process.
Extremum-seeking algorithms for the emergency braking of heavy goods vehicles
Authors: Morrison Graeme , Cebon David
Published: February 2017

A pneumatic slip control braking system was demonstrated, which reduces the emergency stopping distances of heavy goods vehicles by up to 19%. Solutions are still required to set the optimal reference wheel slip for this system online, so that it can adapt to changing operating conditions. This paper considers whether the use of extremum-seeking algorithms is a feasible alternative approach to online tyre model fitting, the computational expense of which has, to date, inhibited real-time implementation. The convergence and the stability properties of a first-order sliding-mode extremum-seeking algorithm are discussed, and its tuneable parameters are recast as physically meaningful performance metrics. Computer simulations are conducted using a detailed braking system model, and hardware-in-the-loop simulations are conducted with prototype pneumatic slip control braking hardware for heavy goods vehicles. The extremum-seeking algorithm enables the braking system to achieve at least 95% of the maximum possible braking force for almost the entirety of an emergency stop. The robustness to parameter errors, the road roughness and the changing friction conditions are all explored.
A new structure for non-linear black-box system identification using the extended Kalman filter
Authors: Bogdanski Karol , Best Matthew C
Published: February 2017

A new tool for black-box non-linear system identification of multi-input multi-output systems is presented in this paper. The new structure extends the conventional linear state-space model into a non-linear framework, where each parameter is a non-linear function of the inputs or the states. The method works iteratively in the time domain using an extended Kalman filter. The model retains a state-space structure in modal canonical form, which ensures that a minimal number of parameters need to be identified and also produces additional information in terms of the system eigenvalues and the dominant modes. This structure is a completely black-box system, which requires no physical understanding of the process for successful identification, and it is possible to expand easily the order and the complexity of non-linearities, while ensuring good parameter conditioning. A simple non-linear example illustrates the method, and identification of a highly non-linear brake model is also presented. These examples show that the method can be applied as a mechanism for model order reduction; it is equally very suitable as a tool for non-linear plant system identification. In both capacities this new method is valuable, particularly as the generation of simplified models for the whole vehicle and its subsystems is an increasingly important aspect of modern vehicle design.
Reading What the Mind Thinks From How the Eye Sees
Authors: Lee Daniel H. , Anderson Adam K.
Published: February 2017

Human eyes convey a remarkable variety of complex social and emotional information. However, it is unknown which physical eye features convey mental states and how that came about. In the current experiments, we tested the hypothesis that the receiver’s perception of mental states is grounded in expressive eye appearance that serves an optical function for the sender. Specifically, opposing features of eye widening versus eye narrowing that regulate sensitivity versus discrimination not only conveyed their associated basic emotions (e.g., fear vs. disgust, respectively) but also conveyed opposing clusters of complex mental states that communicate sensitivity versus discrimination (e.g., awe vs. suspicion). This sensitivity-discrimination dimension accounted for the majority of variance in perceived mental states (61.7%). Further, these eye features remained diagnostic of these complex mental states even in the context of competing information from the lower face. These results demonstrate that how humans read complex mental states may be derived from a basic optical principle of how people see.
Who Dares, Who Errs? Disentangling Cognitive and Motivational Roots of Age Differences in Decisions Under Risk
Authors: Pachur Thorsten , Mata Rui , Hertwig Ralph
Published: February 2017

We separate for the first time the roles of cognitive and motivational factors in shaping age differences in decision making under risk. Younger and older adults completed gain, loss, and mixed-domain choice problems as well as measures of cognitive functioning and affect. The older adults’ decision quality was lower than the younger adults’ in the loss domain, and this age difference was attributable to the older adults’ lower cognitive abilities. In addition, the older adults chose the more risky option more often than the younger adults in the gain and mixed domains; this difference in risk aversion was attributable to less pronounced negative affect among the older adults. Computational modeling with a hierarchical Bayesian implementation of cumulative prospect theory revealed that the older adults had higher response noise and more optimistic decision weights for gains than did the younger adults. Moreover, the older adults showed no loss aversion, a finding that supports a positivity-focus (rather than a loss-prevention) view of motivational reorientation in older age.
The thermodynamic implications of electricity end-use for heat and power
Authors: Allen Stephen R , Hammond Geoffrey P , McKenna Russell C
Published: February 2017

Thermodynamic ( energy and exergy) analysis can give rise to differing insights into the relative merits of the various end-uses of electricity for heat and power. The thermodynamic property known as ‘exergy’ reflects the ability to undertake ‘useful work’, but does not represent well heating processes within an energy sector. The end-use of electricity in the home, in the service sector, in industry, and the UK economy more generally has therefore been examined in order to estimate how much is used for heat and power, respectively. The share of electricity employed for heat and power applications has been studied, and alternative scenarios for the future development of the UK energy system were then used to evaluate the variation in heat/power share out to 2050. It was found that the proportion of electricity used to meet these end-use heat demands in the three sectors examined were likely to be quite high (∼50–60%), and that these shares are insensitive to the precise nature of the forward projections (forecasts, transition pathways or scenarios). The results represent a first indicative analysis of possible long-term trends in this heat/power share across the UK economy. Whilst the study is the first to consider this topic within such a timeframe, some of the necessary simplifying assumptions mean there are substantial uncertainties associated with the results. Where end-use heat demands are met by electricity, energy and exergy analysis should be performed in parallel in order to reflect the interrelated constraints imposed by the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. An understanding of the actual end-uses for electricity will also enable policy makers to take account of the implications of a greater end-use of electricity in the future.
Arachidonic acid attenuates brain damage in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion by inhibiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress
Authors: Qu Y , Zhang H-L , Zhang X-P , Jiang H-L
Published: February 2017

The aim of the present study was to study the effects of arachidonic acid (ARA) in a rat brain ischemia/reperfusion model induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). A total of 50 rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, MCAO group, MCAO + ARA 0.3 g/kg group, MCAO + ARA 1 g/kg group, and MCAO + ARA 3 g/kg group. The MCAO + ARA groups received ARA by intraperitoneal injection daily for 14 consecutive days, while the rats in the control and MCAO groups were given equivalent volume of saline. We detected the Morris water maze test and pathological changes to investigate the ischemia/reperfusion injury. The protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the hippocampus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. In addition, the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde were assayed in hippocampus homogenates to evaluate the oxidative stress after ischemia/reperfusion. The results indicated that ARA administration decreased biochemical parameters of inflammation and oxidative stress. Morris water maze test and histopathological examination further verified the protective effects of ARA on ischemia/reperfusion injury rats. These findings demonstrated that ARA could protect MCAO-induced brain injury rats by inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting that it may have potential as a therapy for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Amitriptyline modulated Ca2+ signaling and induced Ca2+-independent cell viability in human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Lu T , Chou C-T , Liang W-Z , Kuo C-C , Chen I-L , Wang J-L , Jan C-R
Published: February 2017

Amitriptyline is a widely used tricyclic antidepressant, which acts primarily as a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. This study examined the effect of amitriptyline on Ca2+ homeostasis and its related mechanism in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Amitriptyline evoked cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) rises concentration dependently. Amitriptyline-evoked Ca2+ entry was confirmed by Mn2+-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. This entry was inhibited by Ca2+ entry modulators nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate but was not affected by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) inhibited amitriptyline-evoked [Ca2+]i rises by 95%. Conversely, treatment with amitriptyline abolished TG-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 inhibited amitriptyline-evoked [Ca2+]i rises by 70%. Amitriptyline killed cells at 200–500 μM in a concentration-dependent fashion. Chelating cytosolic Ca2+ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid/AM did not reverse amitriptyline-induced cytotoxicity. Collectively, our data suggest that in MG63 cells, amitriptyline induced [Ca2+]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-regulated store-operated Ca2+ entry. Amitriptyline also induced Ca2+-disassociated cell death.
Base deficit is a predictor of mortality in organophosphate insecticide poisoning
Authors: Lee SB , Kang C , Kim DH , Kim T , Lee SH , Jeong JH , kim SC , Rhee DY , Lim D
Published: February 2017

Objective:

Organophosphate insecticide (OPI) self-poisoning is a major medical problem in many countries. Several studies have demonstrated that the base deficit (BD) is a prognostic tool that is correlated with the severity of injury and predicted mortality, particularly in trauma patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of BD in OPI poisoning.

Methods:

This retrospective observational study was conducted between January 1, 2006, and January 31, 2015, at a single emergency department (ED). The BD values were divided into quartiles according to the number of patients: 3 mEq/L or less, 3–5.9 mEq/L, 6–9.9 mEq/L, and 10 mEq/L or greater. Survival at 30 days from ED admission was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.

Results:

Among 154 patients, 31 died, yielding a mortality of 20.1%. The highest BD quartile (≥ 10 mEq/L) and the 6–9.9 mEq/L group were associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality. Patients with a BD of 10 mEq/L or greater had a 5.85-fold higher risk of 30-day mortality and patients with a BD of 6–9.9 mEq/L had a 5.40-fold higher risk of 30-day mortality compared to patients with a BD of 3 mEq/L or less. The area under the curves of the BD and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score for mortality were 0.748 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.660–0.835) and 0.852 (95% CI, 0.789–0.915), respectively.

Conclusions:

This study showed that the BD is a predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with OPI poisoning.
Conversational model psychotherapy
Authors: Korner Anthony , McLean Loyola
Published: February 2017

Objectives:

To briefly outline historical development, theoretical orientation, evidence and areas of application for Conversational Model Psychotherapy.

Conclusions:

Conversational Model Therapy remains an important evidence-based option in fostering recovery and growth for many patients with traumatic disruptions and restrictions of self. It is one of an emerging group of relational psychotherapies, broadly reflecting a change from a one person to a two person (intersubjective) psychological paradigm in psychotherapy.
The Impact of a Video-Mediated Communication on Separated Perinatal Couples in Japan
Authors: Furukawa Ryoko , Driessnack Martha , Kobori Eiko
Published: February 2017

Japanese communication relies heavily on nonverbal cues and context. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of video-mediated communication (VMC) on communication satisfaction and marital relationships in young couples separated during the perinatal period as they honor the Japanese tradition of Satogaeri Bunben. Couples were assigned to the VMC treatment group ( n = 14) or control group ( n = 13). A mixed-methods approach to data collection and analysis was used. Longitudinal quantitative analysis from the Primary Communication Inventory and Intimate Bond Measure revealed significant differences between the Husband groups. Primary Communication Inventory and Intimate Bond Measure were strongly correlated regardless of group. Qualitative analysis of participant diaries revealed the addition of visual cues helped create a sense of “virtual co-presence,” which was both positive and negative. In conclusion, VMC appears to improve communication in the separated Japanese perinatal couples, especially through the addition of visual cues provided with VMC.
Backward wave separation method in a single transmitter and multi-receiver sensor array for improved damage identification of two-dimensional structures
Authors: Wang Zijian , Qiao Pizhong
Published: February 2017

In this paper, a backward wave separation method is proposed. Since the first backward wave can be considered as the damage reflection, the damage reflected wave peaks are artificially amplified by appropriately shifting and summing signals collected from a series of sensing points aligned along the wave propagating direction. This shifting and summing process aims to present the damage reflected wave peaks more distinctively while offsets randomly distributed environmental interferences. Due to the high signal-to-noise ratio of the treated signal, the application of backward wave separation is able to attain baseline-free damage detection. A circular single transmitter and multi-receiver sensor array is then deployed on a metal plate to identify the crack-like damage. Signals collected by the sensor array with and without the treatment of the backward wave separation method are, respectively, imported to the delay-and-sum imaging algorithm to yield individual damage contours. The comparisons between these contours demonstrate that the backward wave separation method is able to significantly improve the damage identification performance of the sensor array with respect to the damage localization accuracy, noise immunity, and damage sensitivity. Both the finite element modeling and laser measurement are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed backward wave separation method.
Kansas Voter ID Laws
Authors: Bright Chelsie L. M. , Lynch Michael S.
Published: February 2017

Previous studies have sought to assess the aggregate impact new voter identification (ID) laws have on voter turnout. In this study, we extend on this research by considering how the advertising of voter ID laws can affect voters’ perception of these laws and how these perceptions may affect individuals’ decisions to turnout. In Kansas, county clerks were given discretion in how to advertise new voter ID laws. Employing a quasi-experimental design and matching techniques, we examine these differences in the county-level advertising. We find that different advertising strategies can influence the impact voter ID laws have on turnout.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Stress Radiography in Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Jung Hong-Geun , Kim Na-Ra , Kim Tae-Hoon , Eom Joon-Sang , Lee Dong-Oh
Published: February 2017

Background:

Studies regarding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the lateral ankle ligaments in chronic lateral ankle instability and their clinical relevance for surgery are lacking. This study classified the lateral ankle ligament MRI findings of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) in chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) and correlated these findings with ankle stress radiographs.

Methods:

We included 132 ankles with CLAI that underwent ligament reconstructions from 2006 to 2013. The distributions of the ATFL and CFL morphologies were evaluated using the following categories: (1) the amount of thickness: normal/thickened/attenuated/non-visualized, (2) the presence of discontinuity, (3) wavy or irregular contour, and (4) increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The relationships between the ligament morphologies and stress radiographs were analyzed.

Results:

The ATFL was normal in 5 (4%) ankles, thickened in 35 (27%), attenuated in 76 (58%), and non-visualized in 16 (12%), while the CFL was normal in 39 (30%) ankles, thickened in 42 (32%), attenuated in 44 (33%), and non-visualized in 7 (5%). Discontinuity of the ATFL or CFL was observed in 46 (35%) ankles. Wavy or irregular contours were observed in 55 (42%) ATFLs and 37 (28%) CFLs, and signal intensity of both ligaments was increased in 19 (14%) ankles. ATFL ( P < .001) and CFL thickness ( P = .007) correlated with the talar tilt angle.

Conclusions:

The MRI findings of CLAI showed several morphologies and specific incidences for each morphology. Attenuated, wavy appearance was the most frequent MRI pattern. Thickness was related to the degree of instability.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Building Public Support for Science Spending
Authors: Goldfarb Jillian L. , Kriner Douglas L.
Published: February 2017

While most Americans support scientific research, few favor an increase in federal investment. This opposition is driven in large part by misinformation about the actual level of governmental support for science. Employing an experiment embedded on a nationally representative survey, we find that most Americans significantly overestimate the share of the federal budget allocated to scientific research. Correcting this misperception significantly increases support for additional science spending. We find little evidence that subjects engage in motivated reasoning when confronted with this correction. Information about the low level of existing funding increased support for investment in science across partisan and ideological divides.
Road excitation classification for semi-active suspension system based on system response
Authors: Qin Yechen , Xiang Changle , Wang Zhenfeng , Dong Mingming
Published: February 2017

Vehicle performance is largely affected by the properties of the suspension system, where semi-active suspension has been widely used in mass production of vehicles owing to its characteristics such as internal stability and low energy consumption. To solve the contradiction between ride comfort and road handling, road estimation based semi-active suspension has received considerable attention in recent years. In order to provide accurate estimation for advanced control strategies applications, this paper aims to develop a new method that can provide precise road class estimation based on measurable suspension system response (i.e. sprung mass acceleration, unsprung mass acceleration and rattle space). The response signal is first decomposed using wavelet packet analysis, and features in both time and frequency domains are subsequently extracted. Then, minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) is utilized to select superior features. Finally, a probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifier is applied to determine road classification output. The most representative semi-active control strategy, i.e. skyhook control, is used to validate this method, and simulation results with varying conditions including different control parameters and sprung mass are compared. The results show that unsprung mass acceleration is most suitable for road classification, and more robust to varying conditions in comparison to other responses.
Understanding Professional Jurisdiction Changes in the Field of Anesthesiology
Authors: Feyereisen Scott , Broschak Joseph P. , Goodrick Beth
Published: February 2017

We further our understanding of jurisdictional disputes between established professional groups through a 10-year longitudinal analysis of the differential adoption by U.S. states of policies expanding Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists’ (CRNAs) autonomy. In the United States, CRNAs are trained to deliver anesthetics to patients in the same way as physician anesthesiologists but have more restrictions in practice. Following a 2001 federal decision regarding Medicare reimbursement, states were permitted but not required to allow CRNAs to practice without physician supervision, potentially reducing health care costs. We show that higher levels of incumbent physician power makes it less likely that a state will change jurisdictional boundaries, while increasing relative power among challenging CRNAs and the past successes of other challenging health professionals increase the likelihood. State labor deficiency and proximity to other adopting states also positively influenced the expansion of CRNAs’ autonomy. Implications for the professions and health services literature are discussed.
Storage and transport of reconstituted omacetaxine mepesuccinate: Considerations for home administration
Authors: Parikh Alpa , van de Rijn Jennifer , Melville Chris , Sarkari Marazban , Peltier Sylvie , McKean Robert
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Omacetaxine mepesuccinate (“omacetaxine”) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adult patients with chronic- or accelerated-phase chronic myeloid leukemia with resistance and/or intolerance to two or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In May 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration approved revisions to the packaging information that included directions for home administration of reconstituted omacetaxine by patients or caregivers using syringes filled at a healthcare facility. We developed recommendations for the transport, storage, and spill-clean procedure of reconstituted omacetaxine for home and clinic administration.

Methods

We conducted chemical stability and microbial growth studies of reconstituted omacetaxine solution stored in vials and syringes at room temperature or refrigerated for various durations. Several shipping configurations were tested in simulated transport conditions to evaluate their ability to contain solution leakage and maintain product quality during distribution. In addition, we evaluated cleaning products and procedures for their effectiveness in removing residual omacetaxine from household surfaces after mock spills.

Results

Reconstituted omacetaxine showed limited degradation when refrigerated for 14 days in vials and syringes, and no microbial growth was observed for 12 days after intentional inoculation. In shipping studies, the configurations maintained prepared syringes within the recommended storage temperature range throughout transport and could contain leaks if spills occurred. In the event of an accidental spill in a home environment, effective cleaning can be achieved using household cleaning products and defined procedures.

Conclusion

These data provide important information regarding the safe transportation and administration of reconstituted omacetaxine in the home and clinic.
Stability of sodium bicarbonate injection 8.4% in syringes over a six-week period in refrigerated temperature
Authors: Seki Jack T , Wang Tian Q , Yip Paul M , Mazzulli Tony , Minden Mark D
Published: February 2017

Background

Dysfunctional central venous catheter prohibits the administration of potential life-saving chemotherapy and the delivery of essential supportive care needs to patients. Sodium bicarbonate injection has been shown to impede against fibrin clot formation and prolong prothrombin time and thrombin clotting time. Sodium bicarbonate injection has been tried as a second-line agent with good results in a small number of patients (internal data not published) when alteplase failed. We assessed whether the pre-filled sodium bicarbonate injection in 5 mL syringes would not only preserve sterility and retain its pH and concentration but also amount to the potential cost savings for future use when stored in a refrigerated environment.

Methodology

Twelve pre-filled 5 mL syringes were prepared aseptically, of which four each were tested for pH, sodium bicarbonate injection concentration and sterility when stored in refrigerated temperature over a six-week period. A standard pH meter, enzymatic carbon dioxide analyzer, and a 14-day incubation for microbial detection were employed for this study.

Results

Sodium bicarbonate concentration measured in the form of carbon dioxide ranged from 923 mmol/L or (1846 mosol/L) to 1006 mmol/L or (2012 mosmol/L), and pH ranged from (7.88 to 8.05) were reported over the duration of the study period. The 14-day incubation period resulted in no microbial growth.

Conclusion

Our study results have indicated that the pH and sodium bicarbonate injection concentration values were stable and within range, comparable to those reported by the manufacturer within the study period. The contents of the subdivided sodium bicarbonate injection 5 mL syringes retained sterility over a 14-day incubation period.
Corrigendum: Direct determination of stresses from the stress equations of motion and wave propagation for a new class of elastic bodies
Authors: Bustamante Roger
Published: February 2017

In this note it is shown there is an error in the analysis used to obtain an exact solution for the wave propagation problem, for the case of a one-dimensional body considering a new type of constitutive equation.
Development of edible films obtained from submicron emulsions based on whey protein concentrate, oil/beeswax and brea gum
Authors: Cecchini Juan Pablo , Spotti María J , Piagentini Andrea M , Milt Viviana G , Carrara Carlos R
Published: February 2017

Edible films with whey protein concentrate (WPC) with a lipid component, sunflower oil (O) or beeswax (W), to enhance barrier to water vapor were obtained. Brea gum was used as emulsifier and also as matrix component. In order to achieve emulsion with small and homogeneous droplet size, an ultrasonicator equipment was used after obtaining a pre-emulsion using a blender. The films were made by casting. Effects of lipid fraction on droplet size, zeta potential, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility, and optical properties were determined. The droplet size of emulsions with BG decreased when decreasing the lipid content in the formulation. The zeta potential was negative for all the formulations, since the pH was close to 6 for all of them and pI of BG is close to 2.5, and pI of ß-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin (main proteins in WPC) are 5.2 and 4.1, respectively. Increasing W or SO content in blended films reduced the tensile strength and puncture resistance significantly. BG and WPC films without lipid presented better mechanical properties. The presence of lipids decreased the WVP, as expected, and those films having BG improved this property. BG films were slightly amber as a result of the natural color of the gum. BG has shown to be a good polysaccharide for emulsifying the lipid fraction and improving the homogeneity and mechanical properties of the films with WPC and beeswax or oil.
Latent Class Analysis of ADHD Symptoms in Korean Children and Adolescents
Authors: Park Kee Jeong , Lee Hyun-Jeong , Kim Hyo-Won
Published: February 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct latent class analysis (LCA) of ADHD symptoms to characterize the underlying structure of ADHD. Method: Participants were recruited from September 2012 to January 2015 from the Department of Psychiatry of Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Diagnoses of ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders were confirmed with the Kiddie–Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia–Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). We performed LCA of ADHD symptoms in those who had ( n = 141, age = 8.1 ± 2.3 years, 106 boys) and did not have ( n = 82, age = 9.1 ± 2.5 years, 40 boys) ADHD. Results: A three-class solution was found to be the best model, revealing classes of children with mostly combined and hyperactive/impulsive subtypes of ADHD (Class 1), non-ADHD (Class 2), and inattentive subtype of ADHD (Class 3). Conclusion: The three-class solution with LCA supports a two-factor two-class structure of ADHD symptoms.
The most frequently asked question to a statistician: The sample size
Authors: Sormani Maria Pia
Published: February 2017

The calculation of the sample size needed for a clinical study is the challenge most frequently put to statisticians, and it is one of the most relevant issues in the study design. The correct size of the study sample optimizes the number of patients needed to get the result, that is, to detect the minimum treatment effect that is clinically relevant. Minimizing the sample size of a study has the advantage of reducing costs, enhancing feasibility, and also has ethical implications. In this brief report, I will explore the main concepts on which the sample size calculation is based.
Thermal comfort and skin temperature responses to the supplied air from personal air nozzles in aircraft cabins
Authors: Fang Zhaosong , Liu Hong , Li Baizhan , Cheng Yong
Published: February 2017

For investigating the thermal comfort impact of supply air from personal nozzles on body positions of human bodies in aircraft cabins, a mock aircraft cabin with three rows of seats was built to investigate the effect of personal nozzle on thermal comfort of three main body parts, including head, upper body and lower body. In total, 12 tests were performed on 16 volunteers. Every test lasted 3 h and 40 minutes. Simultaneously, volunteers’ responses for both local and overall thermal responses were recorded. Skin temperatures were monitored. The results showed that when cooling the upper body, variation in local thermal sensation, overall thermal sensation and average skin temperature were the most significant responses produced by 16 young healthy human volunteers taking part in the experiment. However, for the airflow sensation, the strongest impact was at the head (including forehead and face), followed by the upper body part (breast, back, shoulder, abdomen) and then the lower body part (buttock, sex organ, thighs, legs and feet). In order to minimize draft discomfort, the air supply from nozzles should be delivered directly to the upper body, which would make the passengers more comfortable and benefit the optimization of the design of the nozzle.
First- and second-hand smoke dispersion analysis from e-cigarettes using a computer-simulated person with a respiratory tract model
Authors: Kuga Kazuki , Ito Kazuhide , Yoo Sung-Jun , Chen Wenhao , Wang Ping , Liao Jiawen , Fowles Jeff , Shusterman Dennis , Kumagai Kazukiyo
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate, in the human respiratory tract, the flow patterns and adsorption flux (deposition flux) distributions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) through the application of a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Two types of human respiratory tract models, which give detailed respiratory tract geometries were reproduced in this study using computed tomography data, for the CFD analysis of inhalation exposure. Complicated flow patterns, nonuniform distributions of VOC concentrations, and heterogeneous adsorption flux distributions were determined within the human respiratory tract models, and individual specificity was confirmed. The CFD simulation results of adsorption flux distributions on the epithelium tissue surfaces of airways denoted the probability distributions of inhalation exposure in respiratory tracts, and high adsorption flux sites representing ‘hot spots’ were delineated for tissue doses of VOCs generated from smoking e-cigarettes. Furthermore, dispersion and diffusion of VOCs in an indoor environment due to exhalation of the vapour phase of e-cigarette emissions were analysed by using a computer-simulated person with a numerical respiratory tract model through an integrated and contiguous analysis of inhalation and exhalation modes during e-cigarette smoking.
Towards an epistemology of data journalism in the devolved nations of the United Kingdom: Changes and continuities in materiality, performativity and reflexivity
Authors: Borges-Rey Eddy
Published: February 2017

This article outlines a general epistemological framework of data journalism in the devolved nations of the United Kingdom. By using an original model based on three conceptual lenses – materiality, performativity and reflexivity – this study examines the development of this form of journalism, the challenges it faces and its particularities in the context of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. This research, therefore, offers unique insights from semi-structured interviews with data journalists and data editors based at, or working as freelancers for, the mainstream news organisations of these regions. The results suggest that data journalism in these devolved nations displays a distinctive character just as much as it reinforces the norms and rituals of the legacy organisations that pioneered this practice. While various models of data exploitation are tested, regional data journalists creatively circumvent generalised organisational struggles to lay the groundwork for their trade and professional community.
Rural geotourists segmentation by motivation in weekends and weekdays
Authors: Allan Mamoon , Shavanddasht Mercede
Published: February 2017

Rural geotourism is one of the geotourism products which is linked to rural tourism activities. More specifically, geo-villages especially stone villages are main forms of rural geotourism destinations and they are ideal for geotourists. Thus, the main study’s objective is to explore rural geotourists’ characteristics, revealing the differences in their motivations on weekends versus weekdays using a factor–cluster market segmentation approach. The sample population for this research consisted of tourists who have visited the Kandovan rocky village in Tabriz City. We collected push and pull motivation data from a questionnaire and separated respondents into weekend and weekday samples. The weekend and weekday motivation factors were derived from 30 motivation items through factor analysis. Among a total of 624 questionnaires distributed, 600 questionnaires were used for further data analyses. As a result of cluster analysis, weekend tourists were divided into three clusters and weekday tourists were segmented into four clusters. Through a comparison of the results for weekends and weekdays, we find both weekend and weekday tourists seek “novelty” and “geological attractions” when they travel to Kandovan.
Considerations for using personal Wi-Fi enabled devices as “clickers” in a large university class
Authors: Katz Larry , Hallam Megan C , Duvall Michael M , Polsky Zoe
Published: February 2017

Interactive student response systems, commonly referred to as clickers, have increased in popularity in higher education classrooms as a means to improve engagement and enhance learning. Clicker systems come with handheld devices as well as a radio frequency receiver. A Wi-Fi connection to the receiver is possible, enabling students to use their personal smartphones, tablets, or laptops instead of the handheld device. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of students using their personal Wi-Fi enabled devices as clickers in a large university class. In addition, we sought to elicit student perceptions of clicker use in general. Overall, the majority of students preferred using their personal devices, thus saving several minutes of class time in distribution and collection. Students gave very positive feedback on the use of clickers; however, they did not like that clickers could be used to track attendance and participation.
From saying to doing interdisciplinary learning: Is problem-based learning the answer?
Authors: Stentoft Diana
Published: February 2017

Problem-based learning is often characterised as an approach encompassing interdisciplinary learning; however, little attention has been explicitly paid to what a claim of interdisciplinary problem-based learning means in practice. Even less attention has been given to address the consequences of interdisciplinary problem-based learning for students, teachers and institutions of higher education. This article examines the intentions and principles of interdisciplinary learning and problem-based learning, respectively. This examination reveals considerable overlaps of the two perspectives which, it is argued, make problem-based learning a potentially compelling pedagogical practice conducive for students’ learning across disciplines. The second part of this article addresses three distinct barriers which need to be addressed in order to realise the potentials of interdisciplinary learning in problem-based settings. These barriers are related to the organisation of curriculum, developing student competencies to navigate with interdisciplinary problems and developing teacher competencies to meet student’s needs. The conclusion is that interdisciplinary learning cannot be taken for granted in problem-based settings, and only if issues of interdisciplinary learning are specifically addressed can problem-based learning be considered a pedagogical approach adequately scaffolding interdisciplinary learning in higher education. Consequently, more research is needed to fully comprehend the potentials of problem-based learning as conducive for interdisciplinary learning. Particularly, research into the scaffolding of interdisciplinary learning in problem-based learning is required.
Exploring coping among urban youth through photovoice
Authors: Rose Theda , Sharpe Tanya L , Shdaimah Corey , deTablan Dante
Published: February 2017

Adolescent perspectives on coping are often explored through quantitative methods within a problem-focused paradigm. To better understand how urban adolescents define, perceive, and experience coping, this research used photovoice, a qualitative research method that employs co-creation of meaning and knowledge around photographic images. Twelve adolescents in the 9th-11th grades at a Baltimore City High School photographed images representing coping. They participated in focus groups to discuss how their pictures reflected coping and its relationship to decision-making, development, and academic success. Participants identified different types of coping, as well as strategies and resources in their homes, school, and community. They classified coping as “good” or “bad,” depending on its impact on themselves and others. They described how coping evolves and noted long-term consequences of different coping strategies, suggesting a future-oriented aspect to their understanding of the concept. Students presented these findings to key stakeholders including a congressional representative, the Baltimore City School Board, community members, and their peers. Study findings elucidate the importance of adolescent perspectives to the coping research literature. Moreover, findings can inform the development of school and community-based programs designed to foster coping among urban adolescents.
Phantom array and stroboscopic effects of a time-modulated moving light source during saccadic eye movement
Authors: Lee C-S , Lee J-H , Pak H , Park SW , Song D-W
Published: February 2017

This paper evaluates the detectability of the phantom array and stroboscopic effects during light source motion, eye movement and their combination, using time modulated light-emitting diode light sources. It is well known that the phantom array can be observed when time-modulated light sources are observed during saccadic eye movements. We investigated whether light source motion can cause similar effects when the subject has fixed eyes. In addition, we estimated the detectability threshold frequency for the combination of stroboscopic effect and the phantom array, which is named the stroboscopic-phantom array effect, during two eye movements in opposite directions under one directional rotating light source with variable speed. Our results indicate that one of the most important factors for the stroboscopic-phantom array effect is eye movement speed relative to the speed of the light source. Therefore, time-modulated moving light sources induce a stroboscopic effect in subjects with fixed eyes that is similar to the stroboscopic-phantom array effect observed during saccadic eye movement. Our findings are likely to be useful for predicting the stroboscopic effect and the stroboscopic-phantom array effect during the fast motion of time-modulated LED light sources, like multi-functional rear lamps, in automotive lighting applications.