bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on an integrated aero-vibro-acoustic analysis procedure for a small-scale supersonic jet and surrounding thin plates
Authors: Joo Hyunshik , Park Taeyoung , Kang Seung-Hoon , Shin Sangjoon , Ohm Won-Suk
Published: May 2022

The goal of this paper is to examine the computational approaches for predicting both of the overall sound pressure level (OASPL) at a few locations and acceleration power spectral density (APSD) of surrounding thin plates due to the aero-acoustic pressure generated by a cold jet with M = 1.8. First, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), particularly delayed detached eddy simulation, are applied to predict the OASPL at the near-field and compute the acoustic properties. Second, the linearized boundary element method (BEM), that is, the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff method is utilized to propagate the pressure and obtain the OASPL at the far-field. Finally, the finite element method is implemented to predict the APSD for a clamped thin plate based on the optimal triangle membrane element, discrete Kirchhoff triangle plate bending element, and Newmark- β time integration scheme. Using the present CFD and BEM, the OASPLs are compared with the experimental results measured by microphones at both the near- and far-fields, respectively. Moreover, APSDs are compared with the experimental results obtained by an accelerometer at a few different locations. Although OASPLs are overestimated because of the coarse meshes in the higher-angle area and low order scheme of the present CFD analysis, the present integrated aero-vibro-acoustic analysis is capable of predicting the OASPL and APSD generated by a cold jet with M = 1.8.
Effect of 2D ice accretion on turbulent boundary layer and trailing-edge noise
Authors: Gill Hyunjune , Lee Seongkyu
Published: May 2022

Trailing-edge noise is known to be sensitive to airfoil shapes, and ice accretion is one cause of an airfoil shape deformation. This paper investigates how trailing-edge noise is affected by the airfoil shape deformation due to ice accretion. The formation of ice-induced flow separation and the development of a turbulent boundary layer are analyzed to understand the correlation between the altered flow physics due to ice accretion inside the boundary layer and trailing-edge noise. The near-wall flow behind the leading-edge ice accretion is analyzed by using Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes CFD in OpenFOAM, and trailing-edge noise is investigated using an empirical wall pressure spectrum model in conjunction with Amiet’s trailing-edge noise theory. Validations of tools against measurement data are presented. Liquid water content, freestream velocity, and ambient temperature are varied to investigate the impact of flow conditions on the ice accretion shape and the resulting boundary layer flow characteristics at the trailing edge. It is found that a more significant leading edge deformation due to ice accretion generates larger ice-induced flow separation bubbles, which increases the trailing-edge boundary layer thickness. As a result, an increase in low- and mid-frequency noise is observed. The purpose of this paper is not only to understand the effect of ice accretion on trailing-edge noise but also to comprehensively analyze how flow physics inside the turbulent boundary layer is altered by the presence of various ice accretion shapes.
Quantifying the extent of local damage of a 60-year-old prestressed concrete bridge: A hybrid SHM approach
Authors: Sakiyama Felipe IH , Veríssimo Gustavo S , Lehmann Frank , Garrecht Harald
Published: May 2022

The increasing demand for civil infrastructures, the aging of existing assets, and the strengthening of safety and liability laws have led to the inclusion of structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques into the structural management process. With the latest developments in the sensors field and computational power, real-scale SHM systems’ deployment has become logistically and economically feasible. However, it is still challenging to perform a quantitative evaluation of the structural condition based on measured data. The paper addresses recent efforts to associate measured observations with an identification of local stiffness reduction as a global parameter for damage onset and growth. It proposes a hybrid methodology for model updating and damage identification. The proposed methodology is built on data feature extraction using the principal component analysis (PCA), finite element (FE) simulation, and Monte Carlo simulation to quantify the extent of local damage of a 60-year-old prestressed concrete bridge. The methodology allows a sensor-specific quantification of the local stiffness reduction and makes it possible to focus succeeding bridge inspection, recalculation, and repair works on these areas. Even more, the monitoring in combination with the FE model and proposed methodology provides continuous information on developing stiffness reduction and the acuteness of rehabilitation measures.
Damage detection on the blade of an operating wind turbine via a single vibration sensor and statistical time series methods: Exploring the performance limits of robust methods
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Andeas , Dmitri Tcherniak , Spilios Fassois D
Published: May 2022

The study aims at damage detection on the blade of an operating Vestas V27 wind turbine via a single vibration response sensor under varying Environmental and Operating Conditions (EOCs), and through this, at exploring the performance limits of robust vibration-based Statistical Time Series type methods. Three trailing edge progressive, 15 cm, 30 cm, and 45 cm long, damage scenarios are examined using signals from a 104-day-long measurement campaign. The study is based on three robust methods: an Unsupervised Principal Component Analysis AutoRegressive model–based (U-PCA-AR) method, an Unsupervised Multiple Model AutoRegressive model–based (U-MM-AR) method, and an Unsupervised Principal Component Analysis Multiple Model AutoRegressive model–based (U-PCA-MM-AR) method. Comparisons with a nominal Unsupervised AutoRegressive model–based (U-AR) method and an 8-sensor–based method are also reported. The results of the study are based on a systematic and thorough assessment procedure using 7000 inspection experiments and confirm that single-sensor-based detection is indeed feasible via the aforementioned robust methods, with the best performance achieved by the U-PCA-MM-AR method which reaches up to 100% True Positive Rate at 4%, 1%, and 0% False Positive Rate for the 15, 30, and 45 cm damage scenarios, respectively. This performance is on par with that of the 8-sensor–based method and indicative of the high capabilities offered by the robust vibration-based Statistical Time Series type methods. The sensitivity of the methods with respect to the sensor location and the AutoRegressive model order is also examined.
Preface: Women of Color and Leadership
Authors: Sims Cynthia M. , Carter Angela D.
Published: May 2022

Problem

As the United States continues to advance to become a majority minority workplace, there is a need to support the development and career progression of women of color. Most leadership research on women is based on the prototypical White man and woman leader with the assumption those findings are applicable to all people and women. However, it is likely that women of color, due to their intersectional identities of race or country of origin, gender, and socio-economic class, differ from those of White men and women as their unique intersecting minoritized identities are considered to act as multipliers of disparate treatment and inequities.

Solution

Thus, we propose to use an intersectional framework to examine how women of color enact leadership and the human resource development (HRD) practices which promote these women’s learning, development, and career progression.

Stakeholders

This review benefits HRD scholars and practitioners who study the leadership.
Factors That Support Sustainability of Health Systems Change to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening in Primary Care Clinics: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study
Authors: Schlueter Dara , DeGroff Amy , Soloe Cindy , Arena Laura , Melillo Stephanie , Tangka Florence , Hoover Sonja , Subramanian Sujha
Published: May 2022

Background

From 2015 to 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) supported 30 awardees in partnering with primary care clinics to implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) and supporting activities (SAs) to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. This study identified factors that facilitated early implementation and sustainability within partner clinics.

Methods

We conducted longitudinal qualitative case studies of four CRCCP awardees and four of their partner clinics. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to frame understanding of factors related to implementation and sustainability. A total of 41 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key staff and stakeholders exploring implementation practices and facilitators to sustainability. Qualitative thematic analysis of interview transcripts identified emerging themes across awardees and clinics.

Results

Qualitative themes related to six CFIR inner setting constructs—structural characteristics, readiness for implementation, networks and communication, culture, and implementation climate—were identified. Themes related to early implementation included conducting readiness assessments to tailor implementation, providing moderate funding to clinics, identifying clinic champions, and coordinating EBIs and SAs with existing clinic practices. Themes related to sustainability included the importance of ongoing electronic health record (EHR) support, clinic leadership support, team-based care, and EBI and SA integration with clinic policies, workflows, and procedures.

Implications

Findings help to inform future scale-up of and decision-making within CRC screening programs and other chronic disease prevention programs implementing EBIs and SAs within primary care clinics and also highlight factors that maximize sustainability within these programs.
Assessment of the influence of stitching on the tensile stress relaxation of laminated fabrics
Authors: Abrishami Shayan , Ezazshahabi Nazanin , Mousazadegan Fatemeh
Published: May 2022

Different parts of the garment may be laminated with an interlining in order to obtain specific appearance and form. Mechanical properties of the laminated fabric is affected by the properties of interlining and differs from the face fabric. Moreover, the existence of seam for joining the laminated fabrics in various parts of the garment is another issue, which has to be considered during the evaluation of the mechanical behavior of garment. Garments’ time dependent mechanical behavior such as the tensile stress relaxation is of great importance while wearing them. In this study, the tensile properties and the stress relaxation of a group of woven fabric, which was laminated by a nylon interlining, were investigated at two strain levels, before and after stitching. In this regard, the effects of strain level, lamination process, seam type and the stitch length were evaluated. According to the results, it can be declared that increasing the strain level reduces the stress relaxation percentage. The laminated fabric presented higher values of tensile stress and strain, while lower stress relaxation was occurred in this structure compared to the un-laminated fabric. Analysis of results showed that higher stress relaxation was obtained for the “stitched laminated fabric” compared to the “laminated fabric without seam.” Overall, in the presence of seam, the stress relaxation is affected by the seam type and the stitch length. Finally, the best correlation between the experimental stress relaxation results and the viscoelastic models were obtained for the two-component Maxwell model. The result of this study should be considered in designing and manufacturing of protective textiles and clothing that include both lamination and stitching processes and during use may be encountered with constant strains for a period of time.
Effect of industrial waste fly ash on the drilling characteristics of banana fiber residue reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Kannan Gokul , Thangaraju Rajasekaran
Published: May 2022

Natural fiber reinforced composites are becoming popular in various industrial and commercial applications as structural components. Unlike conventional materials, machining of fiber composites is critical due to its heterogeneous structure. Hence, it is necessary to understand the machining behaviour of fiber reinforced composites. Hybrid composites reinforced with banana fiber and fly ash filler in polyester matrix were fabricated and then evaluated for drilling performance. Drilling experiments were performed using the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array. The influence of feed rate (A), cutting speed (B) and filler content (C) on thrust force, surface roughness, and delamination factor entry and exit were using Taguchi and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques. The results revealed that (i) Minimum thrust for attained at filler content (A) 1 vol %, speed (B) 3000 r/min, and feed (C) 100 mm/min, (ii) Minimum surface roughness at filler content A (3 vol %), speed B (2000 r/min), and feed rate C (100 mm/min) and (iii) Minimum peel up and push out delamination at filler content (A) as, 5vol %, speed (B) 2000 r/min, and feed (C) 100 mm/min. This study provides machining insights on agro-industrial waste based polymer composites for structural applications.
A Comparative Investigation of the Rasch/Guttman Scenario Approach: Measuring Learning Motivation Toward Mathematics in Elementary School
Authors: Leonid Parmaksiz , Kanonire Tatjana
Published: May 2022

The Rasch/Guttman scenario (RGS) measurement approach is a promising test development methodology. The purpose of this study is to compare the RGS measure of primary school students’ motivation against more traditional self-report scales. The Scenario Scale of Extrinsic Motivation toward Math (SSEM-M) and its traditional counterpart were developed. The sample consisted of 1,299 primary school students. Both measures demonstrated solid psychometric properties and sound evidence of validity. The comparative part of the research revealed notable differences in scores and factor structure. Scenario item composition appears to provide a slightly better motivation measurement than traditional composition. Further research considering response style and social desirability effects may be of interest.
Assessing the Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the BASC-3 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System Student Form Across Race/Ethnicity and Gender
Authors: Basting Evan J. , Naser Shereen , Goncy Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2022

The BASC-3 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System Student Form (BESS SF) is the latest iteration of a widely used instrument for identifying students at behavioral and emotional risk. Measurement invariance across race/ethnicity and gender for the latest BESS SF has not yet been established. Using a sample of 737 U.S. urban fourth- to eighth-grade students, we tested competing models of the BESS SF to determine the best-fitting factor structure. We also tested for measurement equivalence by race/ethnicity (i.e., White, Black, Latinx) and gender (i.e., boys, girls). Consistent with prior findings, we identified that a bifactor structure of the BESS SF best fit the data and supported measurement equivalence across race/ethnicity and gender. These findings provide further support for using the BESS SF to conduct universal behavioral and emotional screening among diverse students. More research is needed in schools serving students with greater racial/ethnic and socioeconomic diversity.
Bioactive Glass in a Multi Drug Resistance Osteomyelitis in Diabetic Foot: Case Report
Authors: Panunzi Andrea , Giurato Laura , Meloni Marco , Uccioli Luigi
Published: May 2022

Diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) is a clinical problem with high risk of amputation. The treatment of DFO is still an unsolved challenge. Surgical therapy, antibiotic therapy or conservative treatment are still debated for the timing and the consequences. Long antibiotic therapies expose the selection of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Nowadays the use of new bone substitutes aims to support the load of the bone segments and to ensure the eradication of the infectious process after surgical treatment. A case report of digital osteomyelitis due to a multidrug resistant bacteria was treated with a conservative treatment and use of bioglass (Bonalive) that has the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. A long follow-up shows the resolution of infectious process, no ulcer recurrence and persistent recovery of its ability to walk. Our results agree with literature data and suggest that bioglass may be considered a useful option to manage DFO and achieve healing with a very conservative approach.
Curcumin and Thymoquinone Combination Attenuates Breast Cancer Cell Lines’ Progression
Authors: Saddiq Amna A. , El-Far Ali H. , Mohamed Shymaa A. , Almaghrabi Omar A. , Mousa Shaker A.
Published: May 2022

Breast cancer is the most harmful malignancy in women worldwide. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the combinatory effect of natural bioactive compounds, including curcumin (Cur) and thymoquinone (TQ), on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines’ progression. We investigated the Fa values and combination index of Cur and TQ in this context. Moreover, cytotoxicity percentages, annexin-V, proliferation, colony formation, and migration assays were used along with cell cycle analysis. In addition, caspase-3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (AKT) protein levels were determined by ELISA assessment. The results showed that Cur, TQ, and Cur + TQ induced apoptosis with cell cycle arrest and decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration activities. Cur + TQ combination significantly increased caspase-3 and decreased PI3K and AKT protein levels. These results suggest the promising anticancer benefit of the Cur and TQ combination against breast cancer.
Unraveling the intricate relationship between empowerment role identity and adaptive performance: Evidence from China
Authors: Guo Shenghao , Wen Bo , Hu Qianqian , Kwong Ying-Ho , Wan Jinhan
Published: May 2022

How to inspire employees to develop proficiency in their adaptability to fulfill new job requirements and what benefits can organizations derive from employee empowerment serve as two core questions in management literature. However, the linkage between empowerment and adaptive performance, let alone their interactions with other factors, is seldom studied. This article fills in this gap by examining the relationships among empowerment role identity, adaptive performance, authentic leadership, and leader-member exchange (LMX). Using data collected from a sample of 326 employee-supervisor dyads in China’s information, communication, and technology (ICT) industry, this article argues that LMX mediates the positive correlation between employees’ empowerment role identity and their adaptive performance. By adopting the Johnson-Neyman technique, this article further showcases the exact extent to which authentic leadership facilitates, counteracts, and undermines the mediating role that LMX plays in helping employees with empowerment needs to achieve greater adaptability.
EEG – Imaging Evolution of the MV2 Subtype of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease During the two-Year Course of the Disease
Authors: Theodora Afrantou , Styliani-Aggeliki Syntila , Panagiotis Ioannidis , Theodoros Sklaviadis , Marina Boziki , Nikolaos Grigoriadis
Published: May 2022

Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare transmissible disease. According to molecular classification, six clinical phenotypes of sCJD have been described: MM1, MM2, MV1, MV2, VV1 and VV2. MV2 subtype comprises 9% of sCJD cases. Atypical clinical course has been reported to be the main caveat for the diagnosis of the MV2 subtype. We hereby present a rare case of MV2 subtype of sCJD, highlighting the evolution of clinical, EEG and imaging attributes over a two-year period, thus underlining the atypical course of the disease.
Relationship Between Esophageal Motility Disorders and Autonomic Nervous System in Diabetic Patients: Pilot North African Study
Authors: Syrine Gallas , Mariem Maatallah Kanzali , Hend Knaz , Imed Latiri
Published: May 2022

Little attention has been given to esophageal disorders in diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology of esophageal motility disorders (EMD) in patients with diabetes mellitus is multifactorial. The aims of the present study were: (a) to evaluate the prevalence of EMD in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and (b) to determine the relationship between EMD and autonomic neuropathy as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). All the patients completed a questionnaire about diabetes characteristics and gastrointestinal symptoms. Conventional esophageal manometry was performed in all patients. HRV was measured in three different situations (Lying Position 1, standing position, and Lying Position 2). The temporal and frequency domain parameters were considered for analysis. The prevalence of EMD in our patients was 60.5% ( n = 23). Low score physical activity was significantly more frequent in patients with EMD ( p = .03). There was an increase in sympathetic activity represented by the low frequency (LF) parameter ( p = .027) in the presence of EMD. Whereas parasympathetic modulation of heart rate represented by the high frequency (HF) parameter ( p = .027) was declined in patients with EMD compared to those without. The LF/HF ratio was significantly higher ( p = .002) in patients with EMD. EMD were prevalent in diabetes mellitus and were associated to autonomic nervous system dysfunction predominantly at the parasympathetic component.
Endovascular treatment of distal internal carotid artery aneurysms and vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms with the Willis covered stent: A single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Wu Yu , Yu Jia , Zhang Tao , Deng Jian-Ping , Zhao Zhenwei
Published: May 2022

Background

More data is needed on the short- and medium-term efficacy and safety of the Willis covered stent in treating distal internal carotid artery (DICA) aneurysms and vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAs).

Methods

Records of all 42 patients with DICA aneurysms or VADAs treated with the Willis covered stents at our institute between July 2014 and January 2019 were retrospectively examined. The patients’ demographic information, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment procedure, immediate and follow-up clinical and angiographic outcomes were extracted.

Results

46 Willis covered stents were successfully implanted in all of the 42 patients (total 43 aneurysms). Immediate complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 37 patients (38 aneurysms) (88.4%), and endoleak occurred to 5 patients (5 aneurysms) (11.6%). 2 patients died post-operatively from procedure-related complications, another one died from reasons unrelated to the procedure. Among the remaining 39 patients, non-lethal complications occurred in 4 patients including ptosis and diplopia of the right eye, intra-operative hemorrhage and carotid cavernous fistulas (CCF). Angiographic and clinical follow-ups (means ± standard deviation: 8.8 ± 5.3 months) were done for 32 patients (33 aneurysms). Complete occlusion was maintained in all of the 33 aneurysms. 2 of the 32 patients had significant though asymptomatic parent artery (PA) occlusion. No ischemic or hemorrhagic event occurred during the follow-up period. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 0 in 31 patients and 1 in the remaining 1 patient.

Conclusions

The Willis covered stent could be a safe and effective treatment for complex DICA aneurysms with excellent durability. In addition, the Willis covered stent treated all of the 3 cases of VADAs in the study with complete success without any complications, however, as the number of the VADA cases was small, more cases are needed to further confirm the efficacy and safety of the Willis covered stent in treating VADAs.
Facilitators and Barriers to Recruiting Physicians for Psychological Research: The Personal Experience of a Graduate Student
Authors: Davin Nathaniel J.
Published: May 2022

This article is a reflective piece on a master’s student’s journey, and my navigation through a perceived methodological failure. The article explores the challenges recruiting physicians as participants for psychological research, particularly when a graduate student. The interdisciplinary nature of this project bridged into the health field as the focus was on physicians’ knowledge surrounding autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There are unique difficulties with recruiting from a physician population. Facilitators and barriers regarding thetechniques and methods utilized are described and recommendations are made. Implications regarding conceptualizing research failures for graduate students are discussed, as well as implications for supervisors and the research population.
Housing, Hiding and the Holocaust. Introduction
Authors: Tönsmeyer Tatjana , von Puttkamer Joachim
Published: May 2022

The introduction outlines content and scope of this special issue on "Housing, Hiding and the Holocaust". It points out that during World War II-ccupation accommodation became a scarce commodity, with collapsing housing markets. As a consequence, in those places where the German army (and navy) was stationed, direct contact between the occupiers and the occupied couldn't be avoided. Worst hit by housing restrictions was the Jewish population, even prior to ghettoization. The introduction ends with a short outline of the following chapters, discussing France, the Netherlands, Norway and Poland. They all show profound ruptures in patterns of everyday normality while highlighting that the Jewish populations were doubly threatened: As members of occupied societies and as victims of the Nazi policy of genocide.
Lower-limb progressive paraparesis management and diagnosis overview in a pregnant woman with vertebral haemangioma
Authors: Ridzoňová Lívia , Fedičová Miriam , Andráš Tomaš , Urdzík Peter , Gdovinová Zuzana
Published: May 2022

Vertebral haemangioma is a benign vascular tumour mostly seen in the thoracic region of the spine. Spinal haemangiomas are usually asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally. In a few patients, however, aggressive vertebral haemangiomas can cause local pain, radicular pain or neurologic deficits, which result from neural compression. The aetiology of the origin is unclear and is probably multifactorial. Hormonal and biological changes in pregnant women can lead to accelerated vascular growth of haemangioma. In our report, we present the case of a pregnant patient who was diagnosed with an aggressive vertebral haemangioma that further led to progressive paraparesis. We had to take the fact that she was pregnant into account in the diagnostic procedure, in the choice of examination method and also in the method of therapy. The goal of this case report is threefold: (1) provide an overview of the possible methods of management, specifically imaging, which will aid in diagnosis and based on that, (2) determining the appropriate therapy and (3) review the risks and benefits of each will be presented when choosing individual approaches.
Lifetime sexual violence exposure in women compromises systemic innate immune mediators associated with HIV pathogenesis: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Daniels Jason , Aldous Annette , Pyra Maria , Xia Yu , Juzumaite Monika , Jais Mariel , Simmens Samuel , Murphy Kerry , Taylor Tonya N , Kassaye Seble , Benning Lorie , Cohen Mardge H , Weber Kathleen M , Ghosh Mimi
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

Violence and HIV/AIDS syndemic highly prevalent among women impairs HIV prevention efforts. Prolonged exposure to violence results in physical trauma and psychological distress. Building on previous findings regarding genital immune dysregulation following sexual abuse exposure, we investigate here whether systemic changes occur as well.

Methods:

Using the Women’s Interagency HIV Study repository, 77 women were stratified by HIV serostatus and categorized into four subgroups: (1) no sexual abuse history and lower depression score (Control); (2) no sexual abuse history but higher depression score (Depression); (3) high sexual abuse exposure and lower depression score (Abuse); (4) high sexual abuse exposure and higher depression score (Abuse + Depression). Inflammation-associated immune biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, TGF-β, MIP-3α, IP-10, MCP-1, and Cathepsin-B) and anti-inflammatory/anti-HIV biomarkers (Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, Elafin, human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2), alpha-defensins 1-3, Thrombospondin, Serpin-A1, and Cystatin-C) were measured in plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Within each HIV serostatus, differences in biomarker levels between subgroups were evaluated with Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s test with Bonferroni correction. Spearman correlations between biomarkers were assessed for each subgroup.

Results:

Compared to the Control and Depression groups, Abuse + Depression was associated with significantly higher levels of chemokines MIP-3α and IP-10 (p < 0.01) and lower levels of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β (p < 0.01) in the HIV-uninfected population. Human beta-defensin-2 was lowest in the Abuse + Depression group (p < 0.05 versus Depression). By contrast, among HIV-infected, Abuse and Abuse + Depression were associated with lower levels of MIP-3α (p < 0.05 versus Control) and IP-10 (p < 0.05, Abuse versus Control). Inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was higher in both Abuse groups (p < 0.05 versus Control), while Elafin was lowest in the Abuse + Depression group (p < 0.01 versus Depression).

Conclusion:

We report compromised plasma immune responses that parallel previous findings in the genital mucosa, based on sexual abuse and HIV status. Systemic biomarkers may indicate trauma exposure and impact risk of HIV acquisition/transmission.
Adopted Utility Calculus: Origins of a Concept of Social Affiliation
Authors: Powell Lindsey J.
Published: May 2022

To successfully navigate their social world, humans need to understand and map enduring relationships between people: Humans need a concept of social affiliation. Here I propose that the initial concept of social affiliation, available in infancy, is based on the extent to which one individual consistently takes on the goals and needs of another. This proposal grounds affiliation in intuitive psychology, as formalized in the naive-utility-calculus model. A concept of affiliation based on interpersonal utility adoption can account for findings from studies of infants’ reasoning about imitation, similarity, helpful and fair individuals, “ritual” behaviors, and social groups without the need for additional innate mechanisms such as a coalitional psychology, moral sense, or general preference for similar others. I identify further tests of this proposal and also discuss how it is likely to be relevant to social reasoning and learning across the life span.
Haematinic deficiency in pregnancy: another HELLP mimic
Authors: Green Lauren J , Aye Christina YL , Mohamed-Ahmed Rayan , Sagoo Balvinder , Mant Lucy , Frise Charlotte J
Published: May 2022

Haematinic deficiency is not uncommon in pregnancy. Folate deficiency is more common than B12 deficiency because of the increased uptake of folate in pregnancy, and the fact that B12 stores take much longer to deplete. Described here are five cases of anaemia in pregnancy secondary to severe haematinic deficiency with subsequent management and pregnancy outcomes. In the majority of cases, the women were proteinuric, but systemically well and normotensive. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and HELLP were both considered, but the identification of very abnormal folate levels of less than 3 μg/L in all and low B12 deficiency in the majority made haematinic deficiency the most likely diagnosis. They all received high dose folic acid, parenteral vitamin B12 and oral iron and made good haematological recoveries. Adequate antenatal correction of vitamin deficiency like this avoids bone marrow suppression and helps minimise poor obstetric outcomes associated with pre-existing anaemia including post-partum haemorrhage.
Laboratory Protocol and Pilot Results for Dynamic Interference Testing of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors
Authors: Pfützner Andreas , Jensch Hendrick , Cardinal Christopher , Srikanthamoorthy Geetham , Riehn Eric , Thomé Nicole
Published: May 2022

Background:

Testing the potential influence of interfering substances on the measurement performance of needle sensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a challenging task. For proper function, the sensors need an almost stable fluidic environment. Previously published in vitro interference experiments were measuring under static concentration conditons. Our experimental setup allows for interference testing with dynamic changes of the interferent concentrations.

Methods:

We designed a macrofluidic test stand that is fueled by several high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) pumps generating programmable glucose and/or interferent gradients in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After optimizing experimental parameters (channel dimensions, temperature, flow rates, gradient slopes, buffer, pH etc.), we validated the setup using Dexcom G6 (G6) and Freestyle Libre 2 (L2) sensors with/without interferents, and using YSI 2300 Stat plus as the reference glucose device at room temperature.

Results:

Both sensors tracked the programmed glucose changes. After calibration, G6 results closely matched glucose reference readings, while L2 routinely showed ~50% to 60% lower readings, most likely because of the factory-based calibration and temperature compensation. Gradients of maltose, acetaminophen, and xylose were employed to further validate the setup. As expected, both sensors were not affected by maltose. We confirmed previous findings regarding susceptibility of G6 readings to acetaminophen and L2 readings to xylose. Signals from both sensors are influenced by temperature in a linear fashion.

Conclusions:

Our experimental in vitro setup and protocol may provide a useful method to dynamically test CGM sensors for interfering substances. This may help to improve the accuracy of future CGM sensor generations.
Dueling Reflexivities: A Duoethnographic Exploration of the Privilege Inherent in Sharing Reflexive Considerations
Authors: Cain Leia K. , Coker Jonathan M.
Published: May 2022

We wrote and performed this script as part of ICQI’s 2019 conference. This reader’s theatre production allowed us to share our experiences as a faculty member and student in a doctoral Introduction to Qualitative Research Course, in which a reflexivity assignment created a lot of tension and anxiety for the student who has multiple marginalized identities. We hope that by sharing this story, faculty of qualitative methods can be more aware of potential experiences faced by their students and how those experiences can affect their learning in the classroom. We have included stage directions in italics, and have designated when one of us is speaking to each other, and when we have chosen to break the fourth wall and speak directly to the audience/our readers.
Biopsychosocial Model Domains in Clinical Practice Guidelines for Return to Sport After ACL Injury: Systematic Review Using the AGREE II Checklist
Authors: de Queiroz Jeffeson Hildo Medeiros , Murakawa Yanka Aparecida Bandeira , de Castro Shamyr Sulyvan , Almeida Gabriel Peixoto Leão , de Oliveira Rodrigo Ribeiro
Published: May 2022

Context:

The current status of return-to-sport (RTS) criteria can be understood from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), which emphasizes an individual-centered approach and inclusion of all domains of human functioning, and ensures the multifactorial and biopsychosocial nature of decision-making.

Objective:

To analyze the inclusion of biopsychosocial model domains in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for RTS after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, as well as the quality of these CPGs.

Study Design:

Systematic review of CPGs.

Level of Evidence:

Level 1.

Search Strategy:

Two independent reviewers developed the search strategy, and a third reviewer corrected and compiled the developed strategies used.

Data Sources:

Ovid/Medline, Embase, and PEDro without restriction dates.

Study Selection:

CPGs for RTS after ACL injury at any age or sport level, and published in English.

Data Extraction:

Two independent reviewers codified the RTS criteria recommended in the CPGs according to the ICF domains, and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II Checklist) was used for critical appraisal.

Results:

A total of 715 records were identified, and 7 CPGs were included. Frequency distribution of the biopsychosocial model domains was as follows: body functions (37.77%), activity and participation (20.00%), body structure (13.33%), environmental factors (11.11%), and personal factors (8.88%). In the AGREE II Checklist, the lowest mean domain scores were for rigor of development (37.86 ± 36.35) and applicability (49.29 ± 22.30), and 71.42% were of low or moderate quality.

Conclusion:

The CPGs cannot address the biopsychosocial model domains satisfactorily and some do not address all the ICF conceptual model components, emphasizing body functions and activity and participation domains. Therefore, the functioning model advocated by the World Health Organization has not yet been adequately incorporated into the recommendations for RTS after ACL injury. Moreover, most CPGs are of limited quality.
Velocity-Based Resistance Training Monitoring: Influence of Lifting Straps, Reference Repetitions, and Variable Selection in Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: Jukic Ivan , García-Ramos Amador , Tufano James J.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Using lifting straps during pulling exercises (such as deadlift) may increase absolute velocity performance. However, it remains unclear whether lifting straps could also reduce the degree of relative fatigue measured by velocity decline and maintenance in a training set.

Hypothesis:

There will be less mean velocity decline (MVD) and greater mean velocity maintenance (MVM) for deadlifts performed with (DLw) compared with without (DLn) lifting straps, and an underestimation of MVD and MVM when using the first compared with the fastest repetition as a reference repetition.

Study Design:

Randomized cross over design.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

A total of 16 resistance-trained men performed a familiarization session, 2 1-repetition maximum [1RM] sessions (1 with and 1 without lifting straps), and 3 randomly applied experimental sessions consisting of 4 sets of 4 repetitions: (1) DLw against the 80% of DLn 1RM (DLwn), (2) DLn against the 80% of the DLn 1RM (DLnn), and (3) DLw against the 80% of the DLw 1RM (DLww). MVD and MVM were calculated using the first and the fastest repetition as the reference repetition.

Results:

MVD was significantly lower during DLwn and DLnn compared with DLww ( P < 0.01), whereas MVM was greater during DLwn and DLnn compared with DLwn ( P < 0.01) with no differences between DLwn and DLnn for both MVD and MVM ( P > 0.05). The second repetition of the set was generally the fastest (54.1%) and lower MVD and higher MVM were observed when the first repetition was used as the reference repetition ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Lifting straps were not effective at reducing MVD and increasing MVM when the same absolute loads were lifted. Furthermore, using the first repetition as the reference repetition underestimated MVD, and overestimated MVM.

Clinical relevance:

The fastest repetition should be used as the reference repetition to avoid inducing excessive fatigue when the first repetition is not the fastest.
Infrapedicular approach to CT-guided thermal ablation in the thoracic spine
Authors: Burkett Brian , Kim Dong Kun , Benson John , Carr Carrie , Morris Jonathan M
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study is to introduce the infrapedicular approach to CT-guided spine interventions, a specialized technique that can safely expand the scope of spine lesions amenable to treatment, and to document the feasibility in a variety of procedural scenarios to the extent possible with a retrospective case series.

Methods

Data from 24 cases performed at a single institution over a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed to assess the technical feasibility and safety profile of the technique.

Results

The infrapedicular approach enabled a technically satisfactory procedural result in 24 cases (mean age 63.9 years, range 35–83 years). Two peri-procedural complications occurred, including a small pneumothorax and a cerebrospinal fluid leak, both of which resolved with conservative treatment. No lasting injurious effects or additional complications were identified. The infrapedicular approach was found to be particularly useful in multiple technically challenging scenarios: it facilitates access to lesions in the inferior vertebral body, allows biopsy, cement augmentation, or ablation of high thoracic lesions difficult to treat due to limitations of steep angulation of fluoroscopy and CT scanners, and enables treatment of large lesions by using multiple overlapping probes.
Ruptured saccular aneurysm of the lenticulostriate artery embolized without parent artery occlusion in a case of moyamoya disease
Authors: Ando Mitsushige , Maki Yoshinori , Hojo Masato , Hatano Taketo
Published: May 2022

In cases of moyamoya disease, an aneurysm of the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) is a rare finding. Preventive management of rebleeding from a ruptured aneurysm of the LSA is important to avoid poor outcomes. Endovascular embolization of a ruptured LSA aneurysm with parent artery occlusion has been reported in previous cases of moyamoya disease; however, to the best of our knowledge, a ruptured aneurysm treated only with coil embolization has not been described. A 42-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of dysarthria and right hemiparesis. Putaminal hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm in the left LSA was detected. Angiographically, moyamoya vessels were revealed. The aneurysm in the left LSA was saccular type and seemed to be related to moyamoya disease. As the aneurysm was successfully approached with a microcatheter, coil embolization without parent artery occlusion was performed. Rebleeding from the embolized aneurysm in the LSA did not occur. This is the first report of a ruptured LSA aneurysm embolized using coils through a flow-guiding microcatheter without parent artery occlusion in a case of moyamoya disease.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Zhong Lixian , Wu Chutian , Li Yuting , Zeng Qiuting , Lai Leizhen , Chen Sisi , Tang Shaohui
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

A large number of systemic reviews and meta-analyses have explored the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and multiple health outcomes. The aim of this study is to conduct an umbrella review to assess the strength and evidence for the association between NAFLD and health outcomes.

Methods:

We systematically identified the present meta-analyses of observational studies reporting an association between NAFLD and health outcomes. For each meta-analysis, we assessed the quality with AMSTAR2 and graded the epidemiologic evidence.

Results:

Fifty-four articles comprising 111 unique meta-analyses were included in this study. Eighty-five unique outcomes showed significant associations ( P ← 0.05), whereas 26 unique outcomes showed insignificant associations, and we cannot assess the epidemiologic evidence. For 85 significant health outcomes, four outcomes (carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), peak A velocity, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter, incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult patients) was graded as high quality of evidence, 23 outcomes were graded as the moderate quality of evidence, and the remaining 58 outcomes were graded as weak quality of evidence. Fourty-seven (87.03%) studies showed critically low methodological quality.

Conclusion:

In this umbrella review, only four statistically significant health outcomes showed high epidemiologic evidence. NAFLD seems to relate to an increased risk of C-IMT, peak A velocity, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter, and incident CKD in adult patients.
Exploring the risk factors and prognosis of transverse myelitis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wang Minhui , Wang Ziqian , Zhang Li , Zhao Jiuliang , Wu Di , Li Jing , Wang Qian , Su Jinmei , Xu Dong , Zhang Shangzhu , Li Mengtao , Zeng Xiaofeng
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with transverse myelitis (TM) as a rare manifestation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and explore the risk factors and prognosis of SLE-related TM (SLE-TM).

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective case–control and cohort analysis. All patients with SLE-TM (58 patients) and 232 with SLE without TM, as a control group, were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1993 and May 2021. Factors associated with the presence of SLE-TM and its prognosis were assessed using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results:

Multivariate analysis revealed that positive anti-Ro/Sjogren’s syndrome A (anti-Ro/ SSA) (<0.01) and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ( p < 0.01) were associated with SLE-TM. Regarding prognosis, methylprednisolone (MP) pulse therapy within 2 weeks of onset (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 2.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–4.23; p = 0.03) was associated with short-term neurological improvement. An American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grades of A, B, or C at onset (AHR, 0.12; 95% CI 0.05–0.28; p < 0.001) and hypoglycorrhachia (AHR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.13–0.65; p < 0.01) were associated with a short-term non-improved outcome.

Conclusions:

The positive anti-Ro/SSA antibodies and increased ESR may be associated with the presence of SLE-TM. An initial presentation with severe myelitis and hypoglycorrhachia appear to be predictors of a poor neurological outcome. Early steroid pulse therapy may improve the prognosis.