bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Review of 22 patients on Anifrolumab in Refractory Cutaneous Lupus
Authors: Herron Elliott , Graham Lauren , Fortugno Andrew
Published: July 2024

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a heterogeneous disorder that can present alone as cutaneous disease or in conjunction with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite CLE often being severe and worsening quality of life, there is still no FDA approved drug for CLE. Anifrolumab, a fully humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody, has become a drug of interest because of its significant skin improvement in the SLE trials. We performed a retrospective chart review of a cohort of twenty-four patients initiating anifrolumab infusion therapy from January to November 2022. Twenty-two patients were also identified as having CLE in addition to SLE. Chart review occurred up to August 21, 2023.  
 
Of the twenty-two patients, thirteen (59%) were able to reduce or stop either prednisone or a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). Specifically, eight patients (36%) of the twenty-two completely stopped at least one DMARD. Notably sixteen patients (70%) started anifrolumab on prednisone with eight (50%) being able to discontinue prednisone completely. Seventeen (77%) of the twenty-two had improvement of skin lesions by resolution of rash, no flares since therapy initiation, repigmentation, hair regrowth, or decrease in erythema and scale. Two of the total twenty-four patients reviewed did not have clear evidence of cutaneous lupus although did have cutaneous disease likely related to SLE, therefore were not included in data analysis although are represented in Table 2. The decrease in disease burden, ability to decrease other therapies, and overall tolerability of anifrolumab makes it a promising therapy for those with CLE.
Representation of Skin Color, Disease Severity, and Anatomic Location in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Images
Authors: De Devea R. , Park Sarah E. , Shih Terri , Shi Vivian Y. , Hsiao Jennifer L.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory dermatosis disproportionately affecting patients of color. We evaluated characteristics of HS images in dermatology online image resources and textbooks.
Methods: Images of HS were collected in December 2021 from online and textbook sources. Data regarding anatomic region, Hurley stage, and Fitzpatrick skin tone (FST) were collected and analyzed.
Results: 318 images remained after exclusion criteria. VisualDx contained the highest number of dark skin (FST V-VI) images (59%, 47/79), followed by Google (4%, 2/52) and DermNetNZ (4%, 4/100). In textbook sources, dark skin represented 25% (4/16) of images. Across sources, 47% (151/318) of images represented Hurley stage 2, followed by 32% (101/318) stage 3, and 21% (66/318) stage 1. The axilla (49%, 156/318) was the most common anatomic location featured, followed by the groin (18%, 58/318) and breast/chest (9%, 28/318). Involvement of non-classic locations was represented in 3% (8/318) of images. There was a positive correlation between higher Hurley stage and darker skin (r=0.26, p<0.05).
Discussion/Conclusion: Overall there is underrepresentation of dark skin tones, “non-classic” anatomic locations, and mild HS which may lead to missed opportunities for patient education and dermatology training. Dermatologists should take the lead to improve image diversity across educational resources.
Spesolimab Rapidly Improves Quality of Life in Patients with Generalized Pustular Psoriasis, as per Dermatology Life Quality Index Scores: Data from the Effisayil 2 Trial
Authors: Gottlieb Alice , Strober Bruce , Kokolakis Georgios , Merola Joseph , Zheng Min , Langley Richard , Tang Min , Hofmann Patrick , Thoma Christian , Warren Richard
Published: July 2024

Introduction Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a chronic and potentially life-threatening disease characterized by flares of widespread skin pustulation. In Effisayil 2 (NCT04399837), high‑dose spesolimab was superior to placebo in GPP flare prevention and numerically reduced the risk of Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) worsening (≥4-point increase in total score from baseline; secondary endpoint), up to Week 48.
Methods Here, we further analyze the effect of high-dose spesolimab versus placebo on DLQI in Effisayil 2.
Results Baseline characteristics were generally similar in the high-dose spesolimab (600 mg loading dose then 300 mg every 4 weeks [N=30]) and placebo groups (N=31) in terms of sex, age, length of disease, and historical flare frequency, although the high‑dose spesolimab group had a higher mean±SD DLQI score (11.1±6.9 [missing=1]) versus placebo (7.2±5.6 [missing=0]). At Week 4 in exploratory analysis, more patients in the high-dose spesolimab group (N=29) had no GPP flare and ≥4-point improvement in their DLQI score versus placebo (N=31) (n/N [%]: 10/29 [34.5%] [missing=1] versus 3/31 [9.7%] [missing=0]) at Week 4; this was also seen at Week 48 (11/29 [37.9%] [missing=6] versus 8/31 [25.8%] [missing=0], respectively). Furthermore, a higher proportion of patients treated with spesolimab had no GPP flare and reached a DLQI score of 0 or 1 at all visits up to Week 48 versus placebo (7/29 [24.1%] versus 1/31 [3.2%], respectively).
Conclusion Adding to previous data from Effisayil 2, this analysis demonstrates that patients treated with spesolimab (including high-dose) rapidly gained improvements in DLQI scores versus placebo, which were sustained through to Week 48.
ON ROLE OF IMPACT EVENTS IN THE CREATION OF MODERN TECTONIC STRUCTURE OF THE CONSOLIDATED CRUST (ON EXAMPLE OF THE KARA ASTROBLEM AREA)
Authors: Дружинин В.С. , Начапкин Н.И. , Осипов В.Ю.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены локальные особенности геофизических полей, геологии, гидрогеологии, тектонического районирования консолидированной коры,  расположенные в полосе предполагаемых импактных событий. Обоснована гипотеза о возможном влиянии внешних источников, огромных по массе и энергии объектов (геоблем), на геодинамическую активность верхней части лито­сферы. Импактные воздействия приводят к возникновению крупных плотностных неоднородно­ стей и последующему этапу геодинамических преобразований за счет ротационного механизма, связанного с вращением Земли.

Local features of geophysical fields, geology, hydrogeology, tectonic zoning of the consolidated crust located in the zone of supposed impact events are considered. The hypothesis on possible influence of external sources, huge by mass and energy of objects (geoblem), on geodynamic activity of the upper part of the lithosphere is substantiated. Impact actions lead to appearance of large density inhomogeneities and the subsequent stage of geodynamic transformations due to rotational mechanism associated with the rotation of the Earth.
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF DEEP ELECTRICAL SENSING OF THE EARTH BY PULSE CURRENTS OF THE ELECTRIC RAILWAY
Authors: Вишнев В.С.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрена методика полевых и камеральных работ электрической разведки недр импульсными токами тяговой сети железной дороги. На практическом примере установлено, что эти токи могут быть использованы для изучения проводящих зон глубоких горизонтов земной коры.

The technique of field and cameral work of electric subsoil exploration by impulse currents of traction network of the railway is considered. In a practical example, it is established that these currents can be used to study the conducting zones of the deep horizons of the earth's crust.
ABOUT THE METHOD OF REGULARIZATION FOR CALCULATING THE PARAMETERS OF A SMOOTHING FILTER FOR UPWARD AND DOWNWARD POTENTIAL FIELDS CONTINUATION
Authors: Ладовский И.В. , Гемайдинов Д.В.
Published: July 2024

Разработан алгоритм пересчета потенциальных полей «вверх–вниз» для выделения разноглубинных составляющих гравитационных аномалий. Алгоритм численно реализован на суперкомпьютере «Уран». При численном решении обратной задачи аналитического продолжения наблюденного гравитационного поля на глубину использована схема регуляризации по Лаврентьеву, с использованием метода L-кривой для выбора параметра регуляризации. При заданном шаге сетки наблюденного поля получены значения параметра регуляризации сглаживающего функционала для последовательных интервалов глубин через 1 км, при которых возможно разделение наблюденного поля по плотностным слоям между двумя глубинами. Получены оценки для параметра регуляризации обратной задачи аналитического продолжения, «разделяющего» наблюденное поле на составляющие от разноглубинных слоев. 

An algorithm for upward and downward potential fields continuation has been developed. The algorithm is numerically implemented on the “Uran” supercomputer. In the numerical solution of the inverse problem of analytic continuation of the observed gravitational field to a depth, the Lavrentyev regularization scheme is used, using the L-curve method to select the regularization parameter. For a given grid step of the observed field, the values of the regularization parameters of the smoothing functional for successive depth intervals after 1 km are obtained, at which the observed field can be divided into density layers between two depths. Estimates are obtained for the regularization parameter of the inverse problem of analytic continuation that “separates” the observed field.
ABOUT THE TECHNIQUE OF DETERMINATION OF THE APPARENT RESISTANCE ON ALTERNATING CURRENT WITH APPLICATION OF SCHLUMBERGER DEVICE
Authors: Шестаков А.Ф.
Published: July 2024

Получено выражение, определяющее напряженность переменного электрического поля для симметричной четырехполюсной установки Шлюмберже, расположенной на однородном проводящем полупространстве. Применительно к модульным измерениям напряженности электрического поля проведен анализ и построены графики отклонений реального значения удельного электрического сопротивления от приближенного, вычисляемого по формулам для постоянного тока, при различных параметрах установки, проводимости полупространства и частоты поля. Предложена альтернативная методика построения и использования соответствующих номограмм для корректировки приближенных значений кажущегося электросопротивления, вычисленных по формулам для стационарного электрического поля. 

The expression defining the tension of an alternating electric field for a four-pole Schlumberger device, situated on a uniform conducting half-space, is obtained. In relation to modular measurements of electric field strength the analysis is carried out and schedules of deviations of real value of specific electric resistance from the confidant found on formulas for a direct current at various parameters of the device, conductivity of a half-space and frequency of the field are constructed. The alternative technique of construction and use of the corresponding nomograms for correction of the approximate values of the seeming resistance calculated on formulas for stationary electric field is offered.
THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATION OF THE ELECTRICAL SOUNDINGS WITH THE CONDUCTIVE COMBINED AMN + NMA ARRAY
Authors: Федорова О.И. , Горшков В.Ю.
Published: July 2024

В статье приводятся результаты теоретических и экспериментальных исследований электрических зондирований с новой комбинированной установкой AMNNMA. Математическое моделирование проводилось над горизонтально-слоистой средой и средой с включением шара в сравнении с известными установками Шлюмберже и Веннера (AMNB). Расчеты показали, что новая методика измерений имеет преимущества над широко применяемыми методами: при одинаковом положении крайних электродов глубина проникновения тока больше в комбинированной установке более четкое оконтуривание геоэлектрической неоднородности. Методику зондирований с комбинированной установкой применили при изучении грунтовой плотины. Экспериментальные кривые зондирований выходят на асимптоту нижнего слоя при меньших разносах, чем в установке AMNB, что улучшает результаты инверсии.

The results of the theoretical and experimental studies of the electrical soundings with new combined AMN NMA array are presented. The Mathematical modeling was carried out over the horizontally layered medium and the medium with inclusion in the form of a sphere in comparison with the well-known Schlumberger and Wenner arrays (AMNB). The calculations showed that the new measurement technique has advantages over widely used methods: with the same position of the extreme electrodes, the current penetration depth is greater in the combined installation clearer contouring of the geoelectric heterogeneity. The sounding technique with the combined array was used in the study of the soil dam. The experimental sounding curves reach the asymptote of the lower layer at smaller spacings than in the AMNB array, which improves the inversion results.
IMPROVEMENT OF DEFINITION METHODS MAGNETIZATIONS OF ROCKS BY RESULTS THREE-COMPONENT WELL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Глухих И.И.
Published: July 2024

На примере горизонтального пласта, вскрытого вертикальной скважиной, проведена оценка поведения внутреннего магнитного поля. Рассмотрена зависимость внутреннего магнитного поля от мощности вскрытого тела и диаметра скважины. Были проведены расчеты естественной намагниченности пород в буровзрывных скважинах по результатам трехкомпонентных измерений геомагнитного поля.

The behavior of the internal magnetic fi eld is estimated on the example of a horizontal formation opened by a vertical well. The dependence of the internal magnetic fi eld on the power of the opened body and the diameter of the well is considered. Calculations of the natural magnetization of rocks in drilling and blasting wells based on the results of three-component measurements of the geomagnetic fi eld are carried out.
TO EVALUATE THE POLARIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MEDIUM IN CONDUCTIVE ELECTRICAL SURVEY USING MULTI-FREQUENCY DATA MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Шестаков А.Ф.
Published: July 2024

В работе обсуждается выбор модели вызванной электрической поляризации в частотной области и особенности ее применения для установления связи между коэффициентом частотной ди­сперсии и кажущейся поляризуемостью среды. Кроме того, показана возможность использования мно­гочастотных измерений электрического сопротивления для изучения поляризационных характеристик среды на основе этой модели. Получены выражения, позволяющие определить поляризуемость среды и параметр времени релаксации по данным измерения кажущегося сопротивления на трех частотах в методе электрозондирования на переменном токе.

The paper discusses the choice of a model of induced electric polarization in the frequency domain and the features of its application to establish the relationship between the frequency dispersion coefficient and the apparent chargeability of the medium. In addition, the possibility of using multi-frequency measurements of electrical resistance to study the polarization characteristics of the medium based on this model is shown. Expressions are obtained that allow determining the chargeability of the medium and the relaxation time parameter from the data of measuring the apparent resistance at three frequencies in the method of alternating current electrical sounding.
PROBABLE CAUSE OF SEASONAL INCREASE IN GRAVITY NOISE FROM MEASUREMENTS AT THE OBSERVATORY “ARTI”
Authors: Бебнев А.С.
Published: July 2024

При анализе интенсивности гравиметрического шума в течение года на обсерватории «Арти» обнаружен сезонный характер его изменения. Он проявляется в увеличении фоновых значений гравиметрического шума зимой и уменьшении летом. Такое изменение, вероятно, связано с движением Земли по орбите в течение сидерического года. На эту связь указывает совпадение максимумов интен- сивности фоновых значений гравиметрического шума с периодами прохождения Землей перигелия, а минимумов – с прохождением афелия. Факторами, вызывающими сезонные изменения интенсивности фонового гравиметрического шума, могут быть разная степень воздействия солнечного ветра, а также перераспределения масс внутри Земли вследствие разной скорости движения ее по орбите и разной силы гравитационного притяжения со стороны Солнца в течение года.

A seasonal effect in gravity noise was identified at the observatory “Arti”. It is appear in increasing in gravity noise in winter and decreasing it in summer. This pattern of change can be caused by the Earth’s motion in orbit during the year. The changing distance between the Sun and the Earth and Earth’s orbital velocity leads to changes in the background values of gravity noise.
APPLICATION OF THE VULNERABILITY INDEX IN SEISMIC MICROZONING
Authors: Сенин Л.Н. , Сенина Т.Е.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрен новый способ сейсмического микрорайонирования (СМР), основан- ный на применении индекса (коэффициента) уязвимости как величины производной от спектральных отношений результирующей горизонтальной компоненты к вертикальной H/V. Методика спектраль- ных отношений, предложенная И. Накамурой в середине прошлого века может рассматриваться как метод, в основу которого положены представления о том, что влияние тонкой структуры изучаемого объекта в большей степени относится к поперечным волнам, которые усиливаются этой структурой и практически не изменяют продольные волны. В этом случае отношение спектра результирующей гори- зонтальной компоненты к спектру вертикальной будет характеризовать так называемую передаточную функцию H/V, которая строго зависит от тонкой структуры изучаемого объекта. Анализ методик и спо- собов СМР, наиболее распространенных сегодня, показывает, что следует попытаться синтезировать некоторые современные методики, объединяющие наиболее рентабельные полевые инструментальные измерения и обработку полученных первичных материалов с целью повышения точности и стабиль- ности результирующих значений приращений сейсмической интенсивности ΔI. Именно с этой целью в работе рассматривается новая модификация СМР.

The article considers a new method of seismic microzoning (SMR), based on the use of the vulnerability index (coeffi cient) as the value of the derivative of the spectral ratios of the resulting horizontal component to the vertical H/V. The technique of spectral ratios proposed by I. Nakamura in the middle of the last century can be considered as a method based on the idea that the infl uence of the fi ne structure of the object under study is more related to transverse waves, which are amplifi ed by this structure and practically do not change longitudinal waves. In this case, the ratio of the spectrum of the resulting horizontal component to the spectrum of the vertical one will characterize the so-called H/V transfer function, which strictly depends on the fi ne structure of the object under study. An analysis of the methods and methods of construction and installation works, the most common today, shows that one should try to synthesize some modern methods that combine the most cost-effective fi eld instrumental measurements and processing of the obtained primary materials in order to increase the accuracy and stability of the resulting values of seismic intensity increments ΔI. It is for this purpose that a new modifi cation of the SMR is considered in the work.
ELECTRICAL SOUNDINGS BY THE METHOD OF PURE ANOMALIES WITH THE COMBINED THREE-ELECTRODE ARRAY AMN+NMA
Authors: Федорова О.И.
Published: July 2024

Выполнено физическое моделирование электрических зондирований с комбинированной установкой AMN+NМА по методике чистых аномалий над проводящей и непроводящей неоднород- ностью. На разрезе аномальной разности потенциалов вертикальные границы объекта с вмещающей средой выделяются знакопеременными экстремумами. Приводится экспериментальное исследование, которое показывает, что по затуханию аномальной разности потенциалов возможно определение ниж- ней границы геоэлектрической неоднородности.

Physical modeling of electrical soundings with the combined array AMN+NMA was performed by the method of pure anomalies over conducting and non -conductive heterogeneity. On the section of an abnormal potential difference the vertical boundaries of the object with the host environment are distinguished by alternating extremes. An experimental study is given, which shows that determining the lower boundary of geoelectrical heterogeneity it is possible by attenuation of the abnormal potential difference.
ON THE RELATION OF THE POLARIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MEDIUM IN THE FREQUENCY AREAS AND THEIR EVALUATION ACCORDING TO MULTI-FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Шестаков А.Ф.
Published: July 2024

В работе обсуждаются поляризационные характеристики, а также выбор модели вызванной электрической поляризации в частотной области и особенности ее применения для установления связи между коэффициентом частотной дисперсии и поляризуемостью среды. Кроме того, показана возможность использования многочастотных измерений электрического сопротивления для изучения поляризационных характеристик среды на основе этой модели. Получены выражения, позволяющие определить поляризуемость среды и параметр времени релаксации по данным измерения кажущегося сопротивления на трех частотах в методе электрозондирования на переменном токе.

The paper discusses the polarization characteristics, as well as the choice of a model of induced electric polarization in the frequency domain and the features of its application to establish a relationship between the frequency dispersion coeffi cient and the polarizability of the medium. In addition, the possibility of using multi-frequency measurements of electrical resistance to study the polarization characteristics of the medium based on this model is shown. Expressions are obtained that allow determining the polarizability of the medium and the relaxation time parameter from the data of measuring the apparent resistance at three frequencies in method of alternating current electrical sounding.
STUDY OF SALT DIAPIRISM OF RADIAL-CONCENTRIC STRUCTURES OF THE EAST OF THE RUSSIAN PLATFORM
Authors: Данилова Е.А.
Published: July 2024

Целью работы являлось изучение геологической природы формирования кунгурских соляных диапиров радиально-концентрических структур на основе анализа и обобщения геолого- геофизической информации. На примере Илецкого и Верхнекамского месторождений каменной соли показано, что в подсолевом, солевом и надсолевом структурных этажах имеется значительный фактический материал, свидетельствующий о тектоническом происхождении соляных структур. В пределах месторождений углы падения тектонических нарушений, которые содержат вторичную минерализацию, совпадают с углами падения цветковых структур. На поверхности земли в районах диапиров часто наблюдаются структуры «битой тарелки», вертикальное смещение блоков пород по кольцевым и радиальным разломам. Аналогичное строение в плане имеют месторождения нефти и газа. На временных сейсмических разрезах соляным куполам в фундаменте соответствуют глубинные разломы, а в осадочном чехле – перспективные в плане нефтегазоносности цветковые структуры, для которых они служат мощными флюидоупорами. Сделан вывод о том, что цветковые и соляные струк- туры могут иметь общее и единовременное происхождение. Их генезис связан с неотектоническими процессами очаговой геодинамики, воздействием бокового сжатия, глубинного давления, потоков тепла и флюидов.

The aim of the work was to study the geological nature of the formation of the Kungur salt diapirs of radial-concentric structures based on the analysis and generalization of geological and geophysical information. Using the example of the Iletsky and Verkhnekamsky deposits of rock salt, it is shown that there is signifi cant factual material in the subsalt, salt and above-salt structural fl oors, indicating the tectonic origin of salt structures. Within the deposits, the angles of incidence of tectonic disturbances, which contain secondary mineralization, coincide with the angles of incidence of fl ower structures. On the earth’s surface, in the diapir regions, structures of a “broken plate”, vertical displacement of rock blocks along annular and radial faults are often observed. Oil and gas fi elds have a similar structure in the plan. On temporary seismic sections, deep faults correspond to salt domes in the foundation, and in the sedimentary cover, fl ower structures promising in terms of oil and gas potential, for which they serve as powerful fl uid barriers. It is concluded that fl ower and salt structures may have a common and simultaneous origin. Their genesis is associated with the neotectonic processes of focal geodynamics, the effects of lateral compression, deep pressure, heat and fl uid fl ows.
STRATEGY AND ALGORITHMS FOR BUILDING A GLOBAL MODEL OF EARTH DEFORMATION AND SEISMICITY
Authors: Овчаренко А.В.
Published: July 2024

Исходными данными построения модели являются глобальные каталоги сейсмичности и временные ряды GNSS мониторинга деформаций Земли. Результатом является семейство сингулярных источников порождающих сферические уединённые волны. Сингулярные источники деформаций расположены на поверхности внешнего жидкого ядра. Каждая уединённая волна находится при условии максимального числа сейсмических событий, удовлетворяющих кинематике этой волны. А каждое сейсмическое событие должно удовлетворят условию одновременной принадлежности четырём уединённым волнам. Параметры сингулярных источников: координаты, время и амплитуда возбуждения, совместно с алгоритмами и программами расчёта всех компонентов и инвариант деформационного тензора, в совокупности составляют глобальную модель деформирования Земли. На основе многочисленных численных экспериментов установлено, что деформационные фронты проявляются через землетрясения, как сферические (иногда тороидальные) уединённые волны, движущиеся с различными скоростями (0,001–1,2 км/год до 40 км/год) от центров возбуждения на поверхности жидкого ядра Земли к ее поверхности. Все сейсмические события исходного глобального каталога располагаются в зонах интерференции сферических деформационных волн. Прогнозирование ретроспективных и новых событий состоит в отыскании по модели новых зон интерференции четырёх и более волн. Амплитуды деформационных смещений семейства волн определяется решением обратной линейной задачи по данным мировой сети мониторинга GNSS.

The initial data of the model construction are global catalogs of seismicity and GNSS time series of Earth deformation monitoring. The result is a family of singular sources generating spherical solitary waves. Singular sources are located on surface of external liquid core. Each isolated wave is located under the condition of the maximum number of seismic events satisfying the kinematics of this wave. And each seismic event must satisfy the condition of simultaneously belonging to four solitary waves. Parameters of singular sources: coordinates, time and amplitude of excitation, as well as algorithms and programs for calculating all components and invariants of the deformation tensor together make up the global model of Earth deformation. Based on numerical experiments, it was found that deformation fronts represent spherical (sometimes toroidal) solitary waves moving at different speeds from excitation centers on the surface of a liquid.
Techno-solutionism a Fact or Farce? A Critical Assessment of GenAI in Open and Distance Education
Authors: Olojede Helen Titilola
Published: July 2024

Techno-solutionism (Ts) amplifies academic integrity issues endemic to using Generative AI in Open and Distance education (ODE). It (Ts) induces in Higher education (HE) the disposition that technology can and should be employed in every aspect of teaching, learning, and assessment. The prevalence of Ts in ODE and the consequence of undermining academic integrity is found in the surge in published papers. A 2023 study by Nature of over 1600 scientists reports that nearly 30% use GenAI to write papers, and 5% use it in grant applications. A 2024 Originality.ai report on 13,000 analysed papers on arXiv indicates a sudden increase of 200.42%, 44.68% and 22.04%, respectively, in Computer Science, Physics and Mathematics in papers published in Jan. 2019 and those published in Nov. 2023. Apr. 2024 paper on arXiv notes Computer Science to be the most prolific in LLM usage with up to 17.5% increase. The problem this study addresses is balancing the challenges and opportunities of GenAI in ODE. Is there a limit to AI use in ODE? How can we upsurge academic integrity in the age of AI? How might we rethink the culture of publish or perish in the age of AI? Adopting the scoping review methodology and discourse analysis, this paper analyses the gains and pains of AI in ODE. Leveraging the critical theory of technology, it recommends clear green and red lines on using AI in teaching, research, and assessment.
Elucidating Binding Selectivity in Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) 4, 6, and 9: Development of Highly Potent and Selective CDK4/9 Inhibitors
Authors: Jiang Chenran , Ye Yuxin , Kang Wei , Yang Jinglei , He Zhipeng , Cao Qixiong , Lian Chenshan , Xing Yajie , Yang Qianqian , Zhao Juan , Pan Shuqiong , Feng Meixi , Song Chunli , Liu Zhihong , Wang Rui , Yin Feng , Wu Yun-Dong , Chen Jiean , Huang Yong
Published: July 2024

CDK4/6 inhibitors have proven effective in treating HR+/HER2- breast cancer, but their limited therapeutic indications and the emergence of acquired resistance are concerning. Recent studies suggest that hematological toxicity linked to CDK4/6 dual inhibitors may be due to strong CDK6 inhibition. To address these challenges, small molecules targeting different CDK subfamily members could provide clinical advantages in specific patient subgroups and expand CDK inhibitor indications beyond breast cancer. However, the high conservation of CDK's binding pocket makes designing molecules selectively targeting different CDKs challenging. In this study, we use in-depth in silico modeling and structural biology analysis of co-crystal data to analyze subtle variations in several CDKs' key binding pockets. Our findings indicate that a sequential difference of a αD-helix motif between CDK4 and CDK6 represents an ideal "sweet spot" that influences binding selectivity. To achieve this selectivity, we designed small molecules with a 1,4-trans-cyclohexanediamine sidechain that specifically promotes interactions with the αD-helix motif in CDK4 but not in CDK6. Interestingly, the same αD-helix motif in CDK9 presented an opportunity to develop a CDK4/9 inhibitor, potentially improving acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Our rational approach identified a series of analogs exhibiting distinct in vitro selectivity among CDK4, CDK6, and CDK9. The lead compound (29) was further evaluated for in vivo pharmacokinetics. This work revealed key molecular insights for developing next-generation CDK inhibitors with unique selectivity profiles. This approach could help overcome the challenges of developing selective CDK inhibitors and broaden their therapeutic indications beyond breast cancer.
A Correlated Flat-bottom Elastic Network Model for Improved Bond Rearrangement in Reaction Paths
Authors: Koda Shin-ichi , Saito Shinji
Published: July 2024

This study introduces correlated flat-bottom elastic network model (CFB-ENM), an extension of our recently developed flat-bottom elastic network model (FB-ENM) for generating plausible reaction paths. While FB-ENM improved upon the widely used image-dependent pair potential (IDPP) by addressing unintended structural distortion and bond breaking, it still struggled with regulating the timing of series of bond breaking and formation. CFB-ENM overcomes this limitation by incorporating structure-based correlation terms. These terms impose constraints on pairs of atom pairs, ensuring immediate formation of new bonds after breaking of existing bonds. We optimized paths for 121 reactions using the direct MaxFlux method to find that CFB-ENM significantly improves reaction paths. Compared to FB-ENM, CFB-ENM paths exhibited lower maximum DFT energies along the paths in 82\% of reactions, with an average decrease of 30.0 kcal/mol. In cases where CFB-ENM produced higher energies, most increases were below 10 kcal/mol and often involved quasi-four-membered ring formation, which can be omitted beforehand. CFB-ENM generates collision-free paths that preserve non-reactive structural elements and regulate bond rearrangements, potentially reducing computational costs in subsequent precise reaction path or transition state searches. An implementation of CFB-ENM based on the Atomic Simulation Environment is available on GitHub, facilitating its use in computational chemistry research.
Identify structures underlying out-of-equilibrium reaction networks with random graph analysis
Authors: Wong Albert , da Cunha Éverton , Kraakman Yanna , Kriukov Dmitrii , van Poppel Thomas , Stegehuis Clara
Published: July 2024

Network measures have proven very successful in identifying structural patterns in complex systems (e.g., a living cell, a neural network, the Internet). How such measures can be made applicable for the de novo design of chemical reaction networks (CRNs) is unknown. Here, we develop a procedure to model CRNs as a mathematical graph on which network measures and a random graph analysis can be applied. We used an enzymatic CRN (for which a mass-action model was previously developed) to show that the procedure provides insights into its network structure and properties. Temporal analyses, in particular, revealed when feedback interactions emerge in such a network, indicating that CRNs may comprise various subgraphs at different time steps but never the entire graph with all its edges present. We envision that the method developed here could be broadly applied in chemistry to characterize the network properties of many other CRNs, promising data-driven predictions designs of future molecular systems of ever greater complexity.
Diffusion-programmed catalysis in nanoporous material
Authors: Panda Suvendu , Maity Tanmoy , Manna Arun Kumar , Haldar Ritesh
Published: July 2024

In the realm of heterogeneous catalysis, the diffusion of reactants into catalytically active sites stands as a pivotal determinant influencing both turnover frequency and geometric selectivity in product formation. While accelerated reactants diffusion can elevate reaction rates, it often entails a compromise in geometric selectivity. Porous catalysts, including metal-organic and covalent organic frameworks, confront formidable obstacles in regulating reactant diffusion rates. Consequently, the chemical functionality of the catalysts typically governs turnover frequency and selectivity. This study presents an approach harnessing diffusion length to achieve improved selectivity and manipulation of reactant residence time at active sites to augment reaction kinetics. Through the deployment of a thin film composed of a porous metal-organic framework catalyst, we illustrate that how programing reactant diffusion within a cross-flow microfluidic catalytic reactor can concurrently amplify turnover frequency (exceeding 1000-fold) and enhance geometric selectivity (~2-fold) relative to conventional nano/microcrystals of catalyst in one-pot reactor. This diffusion-programed strategy represents a robust solution to surmount the constraints imposed by bulk nano/microcrystals of catalysts, marking an evolution in the design of porous catalyst-driven organic reactions.
Molecular Association and Reactivity of the Pyridine Dimer Cation
Authors: Tagad Amol , Patwari G Naresh
Published: July 2024

A recent experimental report has identified the formation of C–N hemi-bonded pyridine dimer cation following vacuum ultraviolet near-threshold photoionization [J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2021, 12, 4936–4943]. Herein, the dynamics and consequent reactivity of the pyridine dimer cation was investigated employing Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics (BOMD) simulations. The neutral anti-parallel π-stacked pyridine dimer is transformed to non-covalently interacting C–H∙∙∙N hydrogen-bonded and C–H∙∙∙H–C bonded complex in the cationic state. Further, the C–H∙∙∙N hydrogen-bonded structure leads to proton transfer. Additionally, C–N and N–N hemi-bonded pyridyl-pyridinium cations are also formed. The observed trends in the molecular association, proton transfer and formation of pyridinium cations are a consequence of roaming dynamics of one pyridine moiety over the other in the cationic state.
Utilizing Reanalysis Datasets to Improve the Performance of Low-Cost Air Sensors in the Global South
Authors: Giordano Michael R , Beekmann Matthias , Appoh Emmanuel , Hughes Allison , Gatari Michael J , Nimo James , Njeru Moses N , Piketh Stuart , Presto Albert , Waiguru Nyaga , Westervelt Daniel M. , Subramanian R
Published: July 2024

A Low-cost sensors for particulate matter can provide high spatiotemporal resolution monitoring of air quality, especially in much of the Global South, and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in particular, where reference-grade instrumentation is often not available. However, ensuring high-quality data from low-cost sensor (LCS) platforms is essential. Until now, LCS required calibration by collocation with a reference-grade monitor to be used for more than qualitative studies of air quality, but reference-grade monitors are not available in many countries of the Global South. Since a key artifact in optical PM sensors is aerosol hygroscopic growth, we explore the viability of an alternative LCS calibration method: a hygroscopic growth correction factor using particle composition data from the MERRA-2 reanalysis dataset. We compare 3 different LCS located in 3 different areas of SSA – Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa - with 3 different calibration techniques: traditional linear calibrations with a reference-grade monitor, a κ-Köhler-derived correction with MERRA-2 data, and a random forest machine learning regression utilizing MERRA-2 and the regulatory-grade monitor. Random forest regressions using MERRA-2 particle composition data and collocation with a reference-grade monitor improve sensor performance to near that of regulatory-grade monitors. But even without collocation, a hygroscopic growth correction based on MERRA-2 particle composition alone can improve LCS PM2.5 performance by reducing mean-normalized bias to near-zero and reducing error by up to 40%.
A new view of missense mutations in α-mannosidosis using molecular dynamics conformational ensembles
Authors: Mandl Spela , Di Geronimo Bruno , Alonso-Gil Santiago , George Gibu , Ferstl Ulrika , Herzog Sereina Annik , Zagrovic Bojan , Nusshold Christoph , Sánchez-Murcia Pedro Alejandro
Published: July 2024

The mutation of remote positions on enzyme scaffolds and how these residue changes can affect enzyme catalysis is still far from being fully understood. One paradigmatic example is the group of lysosomal storage disorders, where the enzyme activity of a lysosomal enzyme is abolished or severity reduced. In this work, we analyze molec- ular dynamics simulation conformational ensembles to unveil the molecular features controlling the deleterious effects of the 43 reported missense mutations in the human lysosomal α-mannosidase. Using residue descriptors for protein dynamics, their cou- pling with the active site, and their impact on protein stability, we have assigned the contribution of each of the missense mutations into these three categories. We demon- strate here that the use of conformational ensembles is a powerful approach not only to better understand missense mutations at the molecular level, but to revisit the mis- sense mutations reported in lysosomal storage disorders in order to aid the treatment of these diseases.
Research Progress on the Treatment and Care of Common Sports Injuries in College Students
Authors: Du Qiao , Zhan Xiaobo , Tan Dan
Published: July 2024

Physical fitness is one of the comprehensive qualities of college students, and a strong body is fundamental for college students to study, live, and work. At present, many college students like to play sports during school, but they are affected by many factors during sports and the emergence of sports injuries is inevitable. In order to accelerate the speed of recovery from injuries, college students need to master a certain amount of knowledge on sports injury treatment and care. This paper analyses the causes of common sports injuries among college students and discusses the treatment and nursing methods of sports injuries, in order to provide references for relevant personnel.
Application of Silver-Containing Mesh Lipid Hydrocolloid Dressing in Tension Blisters Following Extremity Fractures
Authors: Gu Xianjun , Xia Xiaojing , Li Yu
Published: July 2024

Objective: To evaluate the application value of silver-containing mesh lipid hydrocolloid dressing in tension blisters following extremity fractures. Methods: 60 patients with extremity fractures were selected as samples, all of whom had tension blisters. The study period was from September 2022 to September 2023, and they were grouped according to the random number table method. Group A received silver-containing mesh lipid hydrocolloid dressing, while Group B received routine nursing. Results: The healing time and operation time of Group A were shorter than those of Group B, and the number of operations was less than that of Group B (P < 0.05). The quality of life (SF-36) score of Group A was higher than that of Group B (P < 0.05). The skin injury rate of Group A was lower than that of Group B, and the comfort rate was higher than that of Group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The intervention of silver-containing mesh lipid hydrocolloid dressing in patients with extremity fractures can promote the recovery of tension blisters, improve the comfort of patients, and reduce skin lesions, which is efficient and feasible.
The Application of Psychological Nursing in Pediatric Clinical Nursing
Authors: Sun Yan
Published: July 2024

Objective: To study the application effect of psychological nursing in pediatric clinical nursing. Method: 100 pediatric patients who underwent treatment in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing care, while the observation group received psychological care based on routine nursing care. The nursing compliance, incidence of adverse events, and parental satisfaction of the two groups of pediatric patients were compared and analyzed. Result: Through psychological nursing intervention, it was found that the observation group had better nursing compliance, incidence of adverse events, and parental satisfaction than the control group, P < 0.05, the differences are statistically significant. Conclusion: The application of psychological nursing in pediatric clinical nursing can improve the compliance of pediatric care, reduce the incidence of adverse events, enhance parental satisfaction, and have clinical promotion and application value.
Intestinal Microecology in Children with Pneumonia: The Relationship Between Digestive Health and Disease Recovery
Authors: Song Weina , Zhang Shuyan , Wang Zhaorui , Meng Fanyan , Wang Ben , Yang Ning
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the association between intestinal microecology and digestive health and disease recovery in children with pneumonia. Intestinal microecological imbalance is common in children with pneumonia, which is closely associated with digestive health and disease recovery. Intestinal microecological imbalance may affect digestive enzyme activity, intestinal mucosal barrier function, and nutrient absorption, which in turn affects digestive health. In addition, intestinal microecological imbalances may be associated with immune regulation, inflammatory responses, and pathogen suppression, affecting disease recovery. Strategies to regulate intestinal microecology include probiotic supplementation, dietary modification, and pharmacological treatment. Currently, the study of intestinal microecology in children with pneumonia faces challenges, and there is a need for improved research methods, individualized treatment strategies, and the development of novel probiotics. In conclusion, the intestinal microecology of children with pneumonia is closely related to digestive health and disease recovery, and the regulation of intestinal microecology is of great significance to the treatment of children with pneumonia. Furthermore, future research should further explore the application of the microecology of the intestinal microecology in the treatment of children with pneumonia.
Health education as a strategy for encouraging children's vaccination: rapid review
Authors: Sousa Neto Antonio Rosa de , Silva Ana Rosa Bonfim da , Aranha Graziella Neiva , Queiroz-Cardoso Andréia Insabralde de
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Although vaccines have significantly improved the lives of the world's population since their implementation, there has been recent stagnation and, in some cases, even a reversal of previously achieved gains. Aim: To summarize the evidence on how to use health education to encourage the vaccination of children. Outlining: Rapid review, guided by the question "How to use health education to encourage the vaccination of children?" carried out in 2023, using two databases and an electronic library. The searches yielded 2,666 documents, of which 12 articles were selected for data extraction, summarization, and discussion. Results: The community and the home were the main places described for interventions. Fathers, mothers, and guardians/caregivers of children were the audience most mentioned for interventions. Educational instruments, such as booklets, leaflets, and health manuals, were the most used. The most frequent strategies were conventionally transmitting information in the waiting room, teaching during care or home visits, and using or making educational instruments available. Implications: The study clarified how to use health education to encourage the vaccination of children, detailing the intervention locations, the target audience, the necessary instruments, and adequate strategies.
Research on primary school Chinese teaching under the guidance of core literacy
Authors: Liu Li
Published: July 2024

In the research of primary school Chinese teaching under the guidance of core literacy, it can be seen that the educational circle has an in-depth discussion and research on how to effectively cultivate students' Chinese core literacy. The concept of core literacy emphasizes the students in the language construction and use, thinking development and promotion, aesthetic appreciation and creation, cultural understanding and dissemination of all-round development, this idea requires teachers in the teaching process not only teach basic language knowledge and ability, but also to the students' thinking ability, correct values and individual emotional experience.
Highway tunnel safety detection and management
Authors: Yue Weifeng , Liu Hongyan , Song Liangyou
Published: July 2024

Highway tunnel is an important part of highway engineering, and its safety detection and management play a pivotal role in the construction and maintenance process of the whole project. However, due to the particularity of the tunnel itself, the engineering quality is difficult to guarantee, and there are many safety risks. With the continuous development of China's traffic industry, there are more and more highway tunnel construction, so safety detection and management is particularly important.
Study on damping performance of non-ideal particle-tuned inerter damper
Authors: Han Chenyang
Published: July 2024

Aiming at the shortcomings of the current particle dampers and the needs of civil engineering vibration damping, while considering the damping in the non-ideal inertial vessel, a new type of non-ideal particle tuned inerter damper (NPTID) is proposed. Firstly, the construction and technical realization of NPTID are introduced, the mechanical model of NPTID is proposed based on the principle of energy dissipation by particle collision, and the motion control equations of the single-degree-of-freedom structure with an additional NPTID are established; then three natural seismic waves and one artificial seismic wave are selected as the external excitations, and the damping performance of the NPTID is analyzed; finally, the influence of key parameters on the control effect of the NPTID is investigated by parametric analysis. The results show that NPTID has good control effect, and can realize the reduction ratio of more than 43% by utilizing a 0.1% particle mass ratio.