bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital Feline Hypothyroidism With Partially Erupted Adult Dentition in a 10-Month-Old Male Neutered Domestic Shorthair Cat: A Case Report
Authors: Jacobson Teresa , Rochette Judy
Published: August 2018

Congenital feline hypothyroidism was diagnosed in a 10-month-old kitten. The kitten appeared to have disproportionate dwarfism, with the clinical signs of incompletely erupted permanent dentition covered by thickened gingival tissue, short stature, a broad, flattened face, short neck, pendulous abdomen, kitten-like hair coat, and goiter. Hypothyroidism was confirmed with baseline T4, freeT4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone testing. The kitten was treated with thyroid hormone supplementation and monitored. The kitten appeared clinically like a normal healthy cat at 22 months of age on thyroid supplementation.
Crown Reduction and Vital Pulp Therapy in a Dog With Malocclusion
Authors: Blanchard Kari , Koehm John
Published: August 2018

Crown reduction and vital pulp therapy is an accepted treatment for abnormal occlusion resulting in palatal trauma caused by malpositioned mandibular canine teeth in dogs and cats. This article describes use of mineral trioxide aggregate for vital pulp therapy after crown reduction. A list of materials and commonly used equipment is provided.
Recognition algorithm for the disengagement of cement asphalt mortar based on dynamic responses of vehicles
Authors: Shi Hui , Yu Zujun , Shi Hongmei , Zhu Liqiang
Published: August 2018

Disengagement of emulsified cement asphalt mortar will increase the dynamic action between the vehicle and the track; as a consequence, the rate of cement asphalt mortar disengagement will increase further. This is a serious threat for the safe operation of high-speed railways and the service life of rail equipment. In this study, a vertical coupled model for the vehicle–China Railway Track System II-type slab track with cement asphalt disengagement was established. The cement asphalt mortar was divided into units in order to simulate the arbitrary length of disengagement. Under different conditions, the effects of the cement asphalt mortar disengagement on the dynamic characteristics of the coupled model were analyzed. The results show that when the length of disengagement exceeds 0.65 m under the condition of horizontal complete disengagement, the dynamic responses of the system increase much sharply than the condition of horizontal partly disengagement. Because of the difficulty in identifying defects in the track substructure, a novel method was proposed to rapidly identify the cement asphalt mortar disengagement based on the dynamic responses of the coupled system and particle swarm optimization–support vector machines. The feature vectors were extracted from the acceleration of the wheelset, which were used as training samples in support vector machines. The classification results show that the recognition algorithm based on the acceleration of the wheelset and support vector machines is effective. The location of the track plate with the cement asphalt mortar disengagement at lengths of 0.65 m, 1.3 m, and 1.95 m can be identified with an acceptable accuracy. The robustness of the proposed algorithm under different vehicle speeds, track spectrums, and signal–noise ratios was verified. Recognition of defects in the track substructure using sensors mounted on in-service vehicles has the potential to provide a valuable tool for ensuring the safe operation of railways and for developing a maintenance plan.
V-shaped wings in supersonic flow
Authors: Maksimov FA , Ostapenko NA , Zubin MA
Published: August 2018

The results of a comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigation of the flow pattern of V-shaped wings at supersonic flow velocities are presented. Applicability of the previously established criteria for the existence of nonviscid vortex structures in cases of formation of a contact discontinuity of a corresponding intensity, originating from the point of separation of the λ-configuration of shock waves, accompanying separation of the turbulent boundary layer, influenced by the internal compression shock incident on one of the wing panel, is shown. A wide variety of flow patterns in the shock layer near the wing with an opening angle [Formula: see text] depending on the Mach number, angles of attack and slip, which had not been previously described, was found. They, in particular, include: flow separation from the leeward console and presence of a vortex in the flow modes with a slip; flow transition on a sphere in the vicinity of the central chord of the wing from subsonic to trans- and supersonic one both along the contour of the vortex and in the return flow in a vortex near the wall of the lee console with the shock waves formation. An experimental investigation of the flow patterns with a vortex downstream the salient point of the outline qualitatively confirmed the calculation results on the flow structure outside the vortex. A separation of the turbulent boundary layer is revealed in the return flow within the vortex, due to the counter pressure gradient.
Marine diesel engine speed control based on adaptive state-compensate extended state observer-backstepping method
Authors: Xie Shuo , Chu Xiumin , Liu Chenguang , Zheng Mao
Published: August 2018

The marine diesel engine propulsion system is a nonlinear system with time delay. In order to realize the accurate and real-time control of the marine diesel engine speed, a new method based on state-compensate extended state observer, backstepping method and beetle antennae search algorithm, that is, adaptive state-compensate extended state observer-backstepping, is proposed. First of all, the response relationship model between the engine speed and the fuel injection is established on the basis of the mean value model of diesel engine. Then, to deal with the load disturbances and model parameter perturbation of diesel engine, a state-compensate extended state observer is used to estimate lumped disturbances and states of the diesel engine, and a backstepping method combined with the state-compensate extended state observer, namely state-compensate extended state observer-backstepping, is used to control the marine diesel engine speed. Then, an adaptive state-compensate extended state observer-backstepping controller is proposed by introducing the beetle antennae search algorithm for online optimization of the control parameters. Finally, simulation experiments based on the model of the 12K98ME marine diesel engine are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller under conditions of random disturbances, sudden dumping load and parameter perturbation. The experiment results show that the proposed adaptive state-compensate extended state observer-backstepping control method has a better control effect and stronger disturbance rejection ability in comparison of the standard linear active disturbance rejection control.
Narcotic Addiction in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
Authors: Chen Yuan-Chuan , Lee Ching-Yi , Chen Shiu-Jau
Published: August 2018

Back pain is a common health problem that reduces the quality of life for human beings worldwide. Several treatment modalities have been reported as effective for pain relief. Generally, patients often undergo surgical interventions as pain becomes intractable, after conservative treatment. With advances in surgical techniques, those choosing spinal surgery as an option have increased over time, and instrumentation is more popular than it was years ago. However, some patients still have back pain after spinal operations. The number of patients classified as having failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) has increased over time as has the requirement for patients receiving long-term analgesics. Because pain relief is regarded as a human right, narcotics were prescribed more frequently than before. Narcotic addiction in patients with FBSS has become an important issue. Here, we review the prevalence of FBSS, the mechanism of narcotic addiction, and their correlations. Additionally, several potentially effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of narcotic addiction in FBSS patients are evaluated and discussed.
Identification of textiles by handheld near infrared spectroscopy: Protecting customers against product counterfeiting
Authors: Yan Hui , Siesler Heinz W
Published: August 2018

Textiles are extremely important materials for everyday life with a broad range of applications and properties. Due to the large variations in quality on the one hand and the increasing quality awareness and price consciousness of customers on the other hand, the availability of a simple tool for a rapid test of the correct identity of the purchased textile article would be a significant progress in customer protection. Miniaturization of near infrared spectrometers has advanced to the point where handheld instruments could provide reliable and affordable means to serve this purpose. One objective of the present communication was to scrutinize the identification and discrimination performance for textile materials for four real-handheld (<200 g) near infrared spectrometers based on different monochromator principles. The second focus was to show that in the near future these handheld instruments can be used by a non-expert user community to protect themselves against fraud in textile purchase situations. For this purpose, diffuse reflection spectra of 72 textile samples of synthetic and natural origin were measured. While in simple situations, test samples can readily be authenticated by visual inspection of their near infrared spectra only, for a more comprehensive identification of unknown samples principal component analysis in combination with soft independent modeling of class analogies was applied. In the present work, this approach provided a suitable analytical tool for the correct assignment of the investigated different types of textile materials. Moreover, the evaluation of the mean Euclidian distances in the principal component analysis score plots derived from the near infrared spectra of the textile classes under investigation allowed to compare the identification performance and discrimination capability of the different handheld instruments.
Douglas Waddell Jolly (1904–1983) – New Zealand pioneer of modern battlefield surgery
Authors: Derby Mark , Lowe David
Published: August 2018

New Zealand-born surgeon Douglas Jolly was studying in London at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. He joined a British volunteer medical team and in December 1936 was placed in charge of a mobile medical unit of Spain’s Republican Army. For the following two years, he took part in every major battle of the war, operating as close as possible to the front line. In that time he made significant contributions to trauma surgery, especially for abdominal injuries, and developed a ‘three-points-forward’ triage system. He described these medical innovations in a handbook which became highly influential among Allied medical services in Second World War, Korea and Vietnam. Jolly served with the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) in the Middle East during Second World War and was awarded a military OBE.After the war, he became Chief Medical Officer of Queen Mary’s Orthopaedic Hospital, Roehampton. He has been described as ‘a pioneer in the field of surgical treatment for trauma and one of the most notable war surgeons of the 20th century.’ In belated local recognition of this innovative and dedicated pioneer of trauma surgery, a memorial to Jolly will be unveiled in his home town of Cromwell, New Zealand in 2018.
Charles Bell (1774–1842) and Natural Theology
Authors: Hughes Sean , Gardner-Thorpe Christopher
Published: August 2018

Sir Charles Bell, a 19th century surgeon, anatomist and artist, was heavily influenced by the religious practice of Natural Theology, a belief which implied that the world is created by an Intelligent Designer. In the 18th century, William Paley, later Rector of Bishop Wearmouth, wrote the seminal book about Natural Theology. Charles Bell who practised in London and Edinburgh used his artistic skills to underline his teaching of anatomy and surgery. Later, Bell wrote one of the eight Bridgewater Treatises on the Hand. Bell went on to illustrate the final edition of Paley’s Natural Theology in which he demonstrated that proof of Design were to be found in the animal frame, reflecting his earlier work on art and human structure. It is concluded that Charles Bell and William Paley’s ideals were in harmony with each other, holding the same belief about Creation. This paper argues that Bell’s understanding and devotion to Natural Theology allowed him to accurately explain function, realism and expression in the human body, all revealing the direct influence of the Divine Creator.
Inequality in the Indian Growth Regime*
Authors: Rodgers Gerry
Published: August 2018

Researchers and policymakers have traditionally been more concerned with poverty than with inequality in India but this is now changing. The long-term trend in India was for economic inequality to decline until the 1980s, but it has since been rising, especially in urban areas, and between urban and rural areas. Wages have been rising and absolute poverty has been falling, but there has been a tendency for the gains from growth to be concentrated among the highest income groups. This applies not only to income and expenditure but also to wealth. These trends reflect the social and economic institutions that underpin the changing growth regime in India—the macroeconomic framework; wage labour relations; agrarian relations; the competition regime; type of integration in the international economy; and the role of the state. These institutions and their interactions give rise to particular patterns of growth and distribution, which change over time, and which need to be analysed in historical context. The article briefly reviews the impact of these factors on inequality over the period since Independence, and suggests that the forces driving the upward path of inequality remain strong.
Measurement of muscular Christian ideals in sport: Validation of the Contemporary Muscular Christian Instrument
Authors: Meyer Andrew R , Wynveen Christopher J , Watson Nick
Published: August 2018

Muscular Christianity’s influential role in establishing Western sport values and ideals during the 19th century has long been acknowledged by sport scholars. Yet these relatively dated sets of physical moral constructs are rarely understood as having lasting relevance, or as forming part of the contemporary attraction to sport, and thus have been missing in critical sociological analyses of sport. While shown to be valid and reliable, initial results from developing the Contemporary Muscular Christian Instrument (CMCI) also suggested that modifications to item wording could enhance readability and capture all six theorized factors of muscular Christianity, supported by literature. The current scale development study is aimed to strengthen the instrument and verify its structural validity and internal consistency among a more diverse sample population: spectators at the 2014 Tour de France. Following data collection and cleaning of data, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and internal consistencies were examined. Results indicate strong support for the structural validity of the revised 20-item, 6-factor CMCI, showing strong factor loadings across all items and acceptable internal consistencies for all six-theorized factors. Findings among this international sample of sport spectators suggest that historic muscular Christian themes used to develop this instrument continue to shape and influence perceptions of what is deemed good, right, and valuable in sport. Our findings point to the importance of understanding these six moral constructs as contemporary discussions on the social value and importance of such activities evolve. The revised CMCI provides sociologists of sport a tool by which to examine theorized muscular Christian constructs, promoting certain values about sport and its social “good,” and allows for further investigation into sports’ social significance, meanings, and values within related topics. This paper details the improvements to the survey instrument, the CFA results, and recommendations for future application and research using the survey instrument.
You be the judge: No thanks!
Authors: Freiberg Arie , Warner Kate , Spiranovic Caroline , Davis Julia
Published: August 2018

In the light of proposals to give jurors a sentencing role in response to media portrayals of judges as soft on crime and out of touch, this article reports on a study which explored jurors’ thoughts about such a role using survey questions and interviews. Most shied away from such a role.
Social Structures, Social Relationships, and Family Firms
Authors: Zellweger Thomas M. , Chrisman James J. , Chua Jess H. , Steier Lloyd P.
Published: August 2018

In this introduction, we observe that the study of social structures and social relationships constitutes a common theme among the articles and commentaries contained within this special issue on Theories of Family Enterprise. Individuals and organizations are embedded in complex networks of social organization and exchange. Within business enterprises, familial relationships engender unique goals, governance structures, resources, and outcomes. We discuss these relationships, potential research directions, and the contributions made by the articles and commentaries. In so doing, we expand the literature on how social structures and social relationships affect the behavior and performance of family firms.
Social Tie Heterogeneity and Firms’ Networking Strategy
Authors: Hsueh Josh Wei-Jun , Gomez-Solorzano Manuel
Published: August 2018

The social ties of the owners, directors, and managers of firms have cross-level effects on firms’ network development. Firms can develop affiliations with a business group and connections across business groups. We expand the theoretical focus of Mani and Durand’s examination of the family and community ties of firm leaders and their impact on firms’ business group networks. We discuss the relational content heterogeneity of those ties and the associated logic in developing a firm’s networking strategy. Thus, we suggest alternative developmental processes for a firm’s network development strategy.
Differences in Adverse Effect Profiles of Corticosteroids in Palliative Care Patients
Authors: Jaward Leanna R. , O’Neil Thomas A. , Marks Adam , Smith Michael A.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Corticosteroids are frequently utilized in the palliative care setting to combat symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, pain, weakness, anorexia, cachexia, nausea, and vomiting. Often times, adverse effects arise with corticosteroid use, and it is unclear whether switching to another corticosteroid would reduce the risk of specific adverse effects or what measures can be taken to alleviate the adverse effects.

Objective:

This article aims to review the differentiating pharmacokinetics, potency, and adverse effect profiles of corticosteroids and summarize their clinical applicability.

Methods:

A literature review of “corticosteroids” and “palliative care” was performed using the PubMed database through July 2018. Original studies relevant to the purpose of this study were identified and those that met inclusion criteria were included.

Results:

Although corticosteroids share many common factors, including similar pharmacokinetic, pharmacodymanic, and adverse effect profiles, they have significant differences when the details of these variables are reviewed. Providers that prescribe corticosteroids for symptom management should be aware of these differences and the recommended management strategies.

Conclusions:

Recognition of corticosteroid induced adverse effect profiles and possible management strategies is crucial to optimal symptom management in palliative care patients.
The Gamification of Work: Lessons From Crowdsourcing
Authors: Morschheuser Benedikt , Hamari Juho
Published: August 2018

The nature of work and management are in flux; work is increasingly distributed, sporadic, community-driven, and motivated by constant self-development. Developments such as sharing economies, crowdfunding, and crowdsourcing have emerged as new forms of organizing work and economic coordination. At the same time, increased gaming and gamification of our lives have arrived to address this newly found yearning for intrinsically motivated work. Thus, work is increasingly consciously and unconsciously gamified. Crowdsourcing is a frontrunner management domain in employing gamification to positively affect motivation and performance of workers. However, to be able to harness the full potential of gamification, a union of knowledge of interwoven areas of game design, motivational psychology and management is needed. Therefore, in this article, based on the accumulated body of research on gamification in crowdsourcing, we discuss the emerging opportunities and challenges of using gamification in management.
Environmental Predictors of Municipal Police Agency Goals
Authors: Matusiak Matthew C.
Published: August 2018

Applications of organizational theory to police organizations frequently employ the framework of structural contingency or institutional theories. The current study seeks to evaluate the impact of both technical and institutional environmental aspects of policing on the goals of municipal police agencies. The influence of a combination of environmental contingencies and chiefs’ ratings of institutional sectors is explored to assess which theory better explains chiefs’ emphasis on police agency goals. Relying on ordinary least squares regression models, the impact of two competing theoretical frameworks is assessed. Findings suggest that chiefs’ demographics (control variables) and legitimacy (institutional) factors have a greater impact than technical (structural contingency theory) elements on the goals that chiefs emphasize within their agencies. Potential theoretical advancement employing public sector agencies is also presented.
Effect of intramuscular administration of medetomidine and xylazine on tear flow measured by the Schirmer tear test I in healthy cats
Authors: Kanda Teppei , Shimizu Yuki , Hanazono Chisa , Maki Saya , Maeta Noritaka , Itoi Takamasa , Furumoto Kayo , Okamura Yasuhiko , Itoh Yoshiki , Furukawa Toshinori
Published: August 2018

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effects of intramuscular medetomidine and xylazine on tear flow in healthy cats.

Methods

Five cats each received medetomidine 10, 20, 40 and 80 µg/kg IM; xylazine 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg IM; and physiological saline (2.0 ml IM) in a randomised order separated by intervals of at least 1 week. The Schirmer tear test (STT) I was performed in both eyes before and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 24 h after each dose.

Results

The STT I value decreased significantly at 0.5 and 1.0 h and at 0.75 and 1.0 h in both eyes after administration of medetomidine at 10 or 40 µg/kg. After administration of medetomidine 80 µg/kg, there was a significant decrease in the STT I reading at 0.75, 2 and 3 h in the left eye and 0.75, 1, 2 and 3 h in the right eye. The STT I value decreased significantly at: 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 2 h in the left eye and 0.75 h in the right eye after administration of xylazine 1.0 mg/kg; 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 2 h in the left eye and 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 3 h in the right eye after administration of xylazine 2.0 mg/kg; 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 2 h in both eyes after administration of xylazine 4.0 mg/kg; and 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2 and 3 h in the left eye and 0.75, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h in the right eye after administration of xylazine 8.0 mg/kg.

Conclusions and relevance

Both medetomidine and xylazine significantly decreased feline tear flow measured by STT I. Therefore, the ocular surface should be monitored carefully and protected appropriately in cats treated with these sedatives.
Implications of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy in patients presenting with hip fractures: a current concepts review
Authors: Gulati Vivek , Newman Simon , Porter Kenneth J , Franco Luis C S , Wainwright Tom , Ugoigwe Chika , Middleton Robert
Published: August 2018

The increasing use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of thromboembolic disease poses a significant challenge to orthopaedic surgeons treating elderly patients presenting with proximal femoral fractures. Early surgical intervention is known to be beneficial from a clinical perspective and has been encouraged in the UK through the introduction of best practice tariffs providing increased remuneration for prompt treatment. An understanding of the necessary delay to surgery or reversal options for each type of antiplatelet or anticoagulant agent is therefore important. A number of professional bodies have recently produced guidelines that help clinicians manage these patients during the peri-operative period.

We review the guidelines relating to antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents during the perioperative period with respect to hip fracture surgery.

Antiplatelet agents should not interfere with timing of surgery, but may affect the choice of anaesthetic performed. The action of warfarin should be reversed to expedite surgery. Newer direct oral anticoagulants are more problematic and surgical delay may be necessary, though reversal agents are becoming available.
Endovascular extraction of entrapped long-term central feeding catheter: Case series
Authors: Michalak Marcin , Januszkiewicz Łukasz , Majstrak Franciszek , Gawałko Monika , Opolski Grzegorz , Grabowski Marcin
Published: August 2018

Long-term tunneled central venous catheters are widely used in several clinical indications, that is, hemodialysis, chemotherapy, and total parenteral nutrition. However, central venous catheters are associated with a number of complications, including catheter occlusion and sepsis, which may necessitate earlier catheter removal. In most cases manual traction is sufficient to remove the catheter. Nevertheless, in some cases severe adhesions, formed between the catheter and the vessel wall, complicate simple catheter removal. We present four cases of entrapped long-term central venous catheters and describe methods (e.g. endoluminal balloon dilatation and wire snare) performed by experienced cardiologists at high-volume center to remove them. We claim that permanent central venous catheters removal procedures may be unpredictable and hazardous. Therefore, entrapped central venous catheters should be extracted by experienced operators in specialized high-volume centers.
Treatment of juxta-anastomotic stenoses for failing distal radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas: Drug-coated balloons versus angioplasty
Authors: Patanè Domenico , Failla Giovanni , Coniglio Giovanni , Russo Giorgio , Morale Walter , Seminara Giuseppe , Calcara Giacomo , Bisceglie Paola , Malfa Pierantonio
Published: August 2018

The aim of our study is to report the results of two types (type A, type B) paclitaxel drug-coated balloon compared with standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of juxta-anastomotic stenoses of mature but failing distal radiocephalic hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas. Two groups of 26 and 44 patients treated with two different drug-coated balloon are compared with a control group of 86 treated with standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. A color Doppler ultrasound was performed to evaluate stenosis and for treatment planning. We assess primary patency, defined as the absence of dysfunction of the arteriovenous fistulas, patent lesion or residual stenosis < 30% and no need for further reintervention of target lesion. Primary patency and secondary patency are evaluated after 12 months with color Doppler ultrasound for the whole arteriovenous fistulas, defined as absolute (absolute primary patency, absolute secondary patency) and target lesion. Postprocedural technical and clinical success was 100%. After 12 months, absolute primary patency is 81.8% for type A, 84.1% type B, and 54.7% for standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; target lesion primary patency is 92% type A, 86.4% type B, and 62.8% standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; absolute secondary patency is 95.4% type A, 95.5% type B, and 80.7% standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; target lesion secondary patency is 100% type A, 97.7% type B, and 80.7% standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. All the patients treated with drug-coated balloon (type A + type B) have an absolute primary patency of 83.3%, a target lesion primary patency of 87.9%, an absolute secondary patency of 95.5%, and a target lesion secondary patency of 98.4%. Our study confirms that the use of drug-coated balloon, indiscriminately among different brands, improves primary patency with statistically significant difference in comparison with standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and decreases reintervention of target lesion in juxta-anastomotic stenoses of failing distal arteriovenous fistulas maintaining the radiocephalic fistula as long as possible.
A Pilot Study Characterizing Factors in Adherence to Cutaneous Lupus Treatment
Authors: Ro Teresa , Tull Rechelle Z. , Cardwell Leah A. , Farhangian Michael E. , Moustafa Farah , Richardson Irma , Jorizzo Joseph L. , Feldman Steven R. , Huang William W.
Published: August 2018

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune skin disease that manifests as scarring, dyspigmentation, erythema, and pain. Topical corticosteroids are a mainstay of treatment. Irritation, messiness, and tediousness may deter use. Thus, nonadherence, rather than nonresponse, can result in treatment failure. Prior adherence studies were limited to systemic lupus erythematosus. We performed a single-center, open-label pilot study to assess adherence to topical medication in patients with CLE. CLE adherence to topical medications is suboptimal and declines over time. Shorter treatment duration and greater patient perception of disease severity may contribute to higher adherence. Improving adherence to existing treatments could be as or more valuable than new therapies for the disease.
Compliance in autism: Self-report in action
Authors: Chandler Robert J , Russell Ailsa , Maras Katie L
Published: August 2018

Previous research indicates that autistic individuals are more likely to be bullied, and that they experience heightened anxiety and diminished self-esteem. These factors are known to predict heightened compliance, which is the tendency to agree with or carry out the requests and demands of others. This has a range of potentially serious consequences, particularly for an autistic person. This study utilised self-report (the Gudjonsson Compliance Scale) and behavioural measures of compliance (the door-in-the-face task) with 26 autistic and 26 typically developing adults. Participants also completed measures of early life bullying experiences, anxiety and self-esteem. Autistic participants were more compliant on both self-report and experimental tasks, and they reported more bullying experiences, higher anxiety and reduced self-esteem. Looking at both groups, bullying, anxiety and self-esteem were all correlated with self-reported compliance on the Gudjonsson Compliance Scale, yet only self-esteem was a unique predictor. None of these predictor variables related to behavioural compliance on the door in the face; nor did Gudjonsson Compliance Scale scores predict door-in-the-face performance, which may be better explained by situational and motivational factors. Findings have important implications for a range of real-life settings including requests made in the context of research, schools, the criminal justice system and the workplace.
What to expect that you’re not expecting: A pilot video education intervention to improve patient self-efficacy surrounding discharge medication barriers
Authors: Sinha Sanjai , Dillon John , Dargar Savira Kochhar , Archambault Alexi , Martin Paul , Frankel Brittney A , Lee Jennifer Inhae , Carmel Amanda S , Safford Monika
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of video discharge education to improve self-efficacy in dealing with medication barriers around hospital discharge. We conducted a single-arm intervention feasibility trial to evaluate the use of video education in participants who were being discharged home from the hospital. The scores of pre- and post-intervention self-efficacy involving medication barriers were measured. We also assessed knowledge retention, patient and nursing feedback, follow-up barrier assessments, and hospital revisits. A total of 40 patients participated in this study. Self-efficacy scores ranged from 5 to 25. Median pre- and post-intervention scores were 21.5 and 23.5, respectively. We observed a median increase of 2.0 points from before to after the intervention (p = 0.046). In total, 95 percent of participants reported knowledge retention and 90 percent found the intervention to be helpful. Video discharge education improved patient self-efficacy surrounding discharge medication challenges among general medicine inpatients. Patients and nurses reported satisfaction with the video discharge education.
Mathematical model of oil-containing water purification process in the volume of granulated media
Authors: Istomin Valeriy Ivanovich , Solodova Elena Stanislavovna , Khlebnikova Viktoria Valer’evna
Published: August 2018

A mathematical model of oil-containing water purification process in the volume of granulated media is developed. On the basis of this model, the purifying ability of filtering unit with granulated coalescing media, which regenerates filtering media in the mode of pseudo liquefaction of granule without disassembling and replacement of filtering element, is studied. In the process of theoretical research, the physical model of oil-containing water purification process in the volume of granulated coalescing media is elaborated. The consistent patterns of the analysed process have gained further development. Due to these patterns, the factors which determine the effectiveneness of purification are established. After realization of the experiment plan for the first time, the mathematical model of a ship’s oil-containing water purification process in the volume of granulated media on the basis of the regression equation has been received. This model allows to calculate the rational constructive and operational parameters of the plant with granulated filter elements.
Transmediating Bildung: Video Games as Life Formation Narratives
Authors: Ensslin Astrid , Goorimoorthee Tejasvi
Published: August 2018

This article examines the transmedial theme and narrative genre of Bildung (life formation) in relation to video games. It revisits key tenets of life formation theory insofar as they can be applied to a small but growing corpus of games that emphasize spiritual and philosophical maturation and advancement. We argue that Joseph Campbell’s monomyth is an oversimplified and ultimately unsuitable lens through which to analyze character development in games, which restrains rather than stimulates the kind of complexities, diversity, and fluidity of character psychology needed in contemporary video game ecology. The main part of this study is dedicated to a comparative analysis of three indie games that address the life formation theme through allegories of space-in-time. The main focal areas will be character and story patterns; chronotopic mappings onto developmental trajectories; the treatment of mastery, mentorship, and choice; and the spiritual and metacognitive alignment of extra and intradiegetic education.
Effects of Discrimination on HIV-Related Symptoms in Heterosexual Men of Color
Authors: Braksmajer Amy , Simmons Janie , Aidala Angela , McMahon James M.
Published: August 2018

HIV-related symptoms have a deleterious effect on quality of life. One determinant of HIV symptom burden among individuals of color may be discrimination. The aim of this study was to explore whether multiple lifetime discrimination events are associated with a greater number of HIV-related symptoms among heterosexual HIV-positive men of color and to examine the influence of anxiety and social support on this relationship. Data for this study were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of 307 heterosexual HIV-positive men recruited from health and social service agencies in New York City (NYC). This study indicated that the number of discrimination events experienced in one’s lifetime was positively associated with the number of HIV-related symptoms experienced in the past month. Moreover, the direct effect of discrimination on HIV symptoms remained significant after anxiety was included as a mediator in the model, and there was a significant indirect effect of discrimination on HIV symptoms through anxiety. Evidence supported a potential moderated mediation effect involving social support: As social support increased, the indirect effect of discrimination on HIV symptoms through anxiety decreased. The results of this study suggest an association between discrimination and HIV-related symptom burden. Furthermore, the relationship between number of major discrimination experiences and HIV symptom burden was partially mediated by anxiety. Future research should consider how lifetime discrimination might be associated with negative health outcomes among HIV-positive individuals of color.
Integrating and Consolidating Data in Mixed Methods Data Analysis: Examples From Focus Group Data With Children
Authors: Vogl Susanne
Published: August 2018

The challenge in data analysis often lies in accounting for the multidimensionality and complexity of the data while simultaneously discovering patterns. Integrating and consolidating different types of data during analysis can broaden the perspective and permit obtaining complementary views. This methodological research study on data collection illustrates how one type of data collection generates different types of data, which can be linked and consolidated to reach a better understanding of the topic. Procedures and practicalities are illustrated to offer a good practice example for data integration and consolidation. With the methodological reflection of research practice, I evaluate the consequences for the field of mixed methods research, in which the practicalities of an integrated mixed analysis still need to be elaborated.
The Potential Contribution of Current Health Care Zeitgeists to the Success of Health and Wellness Coaches
Authors: Gray Jon P. , Arlinghaus Katherine R. , Johnston Craig A.
Published: August 2018

Chronic disease is challenging to treat because treatment often requires lifestyle behavior changes. In recent years the use of health and wellness coaches (HWC) has emerged as a way to support patients making behavioral changes. The use of HWCs has resulted in improved management of chronic disease for many patients. The success of HWCs is often thought to be due to the extended care they provide and the behavioral modification techniques they promote such as goal setting and self-monitoring. This article describes how HWC’s conformity to the current health care zeitgeist of personalized, holistic care may be another reason for their success.
The routes for embolization of dural carotid cavernous fistulas when the endovascular approach is indicated as a first-line strategy
Authors: Castro-Afonso Luís Henrique de , Trivelato Felipe Padovani , Rezende Marco Túlio , Ulhôa Alexandre Cordeiro , Nakiri Guilherme Seizem , Monsignore Lucas Moretti , Abud Daniel G
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Multiple ways to access the dural carotid cavernous fistula have been described. The aim of the present study was to assess the results of embolization of a dural carotid cavernous fistula via different routes using endovascular accesses as a first-line strategy.

Methods

A retrospective data analysis of a consecutive series of 63 patients presenting with dural carotid cavernous fistula was performed.

Results

The dural carotid cavernous fistula was accessed by an endovascular approach in 58 patients (92.1%) and by direct puncture in five patients (7.9%). The inferior petrosal sinus was the main route accessed (65%). A recanalization of an occluded inferior petrosal sinus was obtained in 20.6% of cases. The access via either facial ophthalmic veins or the superior petrosal sinus was obtained in 20.6% and 3.1% of cases, respectively. Complete angiographic occlusion of a dural carotid cavernous fistula immediately after treatment was achieved in 53 patients (84.1%), whereas 10 patients (15.9%) displayed a partial occlusion. Treatment-related complications were observed in two patients (3.2%).

Conclusions

In this study, the endovascular approach allowed dural carotid cavernous fistula embolization in most patients. The inferior petrosal sinus, even when thrombosed, was the main route used to access the dural carotid cavernous fistula, followed by the facial vein, direct cavernous sinus puncture, and the superior petrosal sinus.
Endovascular treatment of V3 segment vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistula with Willis covered stent: Case report and literature review
Authors: Geng Jiewen , Hu Peng , Ma Yongjie , Zhang Peng , Zhang Hongqi
Published: August 2018

A 46-year-old male presented to our hospital suffering from right mastoid pulsatile tinnitus secondary to traffic trauma. Digital subtraction angiography was remarkable for a vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistula fed by the right vertebral artery at the C1 level. Dual platelet therapy was administrated before and after the operation, then a Willis covered stent was deployed at the orifice of the fistula. Post-operative angiography showed proper stent localization but some contrast agent leaking from the fistula. Angiography performed 6 months post-operatively demonstrated no leak from the fistula and the patency of the right vertebral artery. This case demonstrated that an intracranial covered stent could be used as an alternative, successful treatment for vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistula.
Jealousy as a Specific Emotion: The Dynamic Functional Model
Authors: Stets Jan E.
Published: August 2018

The article by Chung and Harris (2018) brings together an impressive array of literature to formulate a dynamic functional model of jealousy (DFMJ). There is much to like about the model. However, one concern is how it advances a theory of jealousy. Another concern is how the DFMJ operates over time, with different social groups, and cross-culturally. In general, however, the model offers a useful way to think about jealousy for the future.
Histology of Brain Trauma and Hypoxia-Ischemia
Authors: Rahaman Petra , Del Bigio Marc R.
Published: August 2018

Forensic pathologists encounter hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage or traumatic brain injuries (TBI) on an almost daily basis. Evaluation of the findings guides decisions regarding cause and manner of death. When there are gross findings of brain trauma, the cause of death is often obvious. However, microscopic evaluation should be used to augment the macroscopic diagnoses. Histology can be used to seek evidence for TBI in the absence of gross findings, e.g., in the context of reported or suspected TBI. Estimating the survival interval after an insult is often of medicolegal interest; this requires targeted tissue sampling and careful histologic evaluation. Retained tissue blocks serve as forensic evidence and also provide invaluable teaching and research material. In certain contexts, histology can be used to demonstrate nontraumatic causes of seemingly traumatic lesions. Macroscopic and histologic findings of brain trauma can be confounded by concomitant HI brain injury when an individual survives temporarily after TBI. Here we review the histologic approaches for evaluating TBI, hemorrhage, and HI brain injury. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) immunohistochemistry is helpful for identifying damaged axons, but patterns of damage cannot unambiguously distinguish TBI from HI. The evolution of hemorrhagic lesions will be discussed in detail; however, timing of any lesion is at best approximate. It is important to recognize artifactual changes (e.g., dark neurons) that can resemble HI damage. Despite the shortcomings, histology is a critical adjunct to the gross examination of brains.
Histologic Changes In Recreational Drug Misuse
Authors: Milroy Christopher M. , Kepron Charis , Parai Jacqueline L.
Published: August 2018

Use of recreational drugs is associated with a number of histologic changes. These may be related to the method of administration or due to systemic effects of the drugs. This paper reviews the histopathological features seen following recreational drug use. With injection, there may be local effects from abscess formation and systemic effects may result in amyloidosis. Injections have been associated with necrotizing fasciitis, anthrax, and clostridial infections. Systemic effects include infective endocarditis, with the risk of embolization, and abscesses may be seen in organs in the absence of infective endocarditis. Viral complications of injection include hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Injecting crushed tablets can result in intravascular granulomata in the lungs. Smoking drugs is associated with intraalveolar changes, including blackand brown-pigmented macrophages in crack cocaine and cannabis smoking, respectively. Snorting may result in intraalveolar granulomata forming when crush tablets are used and there may be systemic granulomata. Stimulants are associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathology, including contraction band necrosis and myocardial fibrosis, as well as coronary artery dissection. Stimulants may cause hyperpyrexia and rhabdomyolysis, which may be associated with changes in multiple organs including myoglobin casts in the kidney. Opioids cause respiratory depression and this can be associated with inhalational pneumonia and hypoxia in other organs if there is resuscitation and a period of survival. Ketamine use has been associated with changes in the urothelium and the liver. This paper reviews histology changes that may be seen in drug-related deaths using illustrative cases.
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) Intoxication in a Young Adult with Giant Coronary Aneurysms from Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Eigsti Renee , Firchau Dennis J. , Nashelsky Marcus B.
Published: August 2018

Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis of unknown etiology that usually occurs in children less than five years old. Coronary artery aneurysm due to arteritis is the most common cardiac complication. Chronic aneurysms are associated with an increased risk of developing luminal thrombosis and ischemic myocardial injury.

We present a case of an 18-year-old male with a history of Kawasaki disease complicated by chronic giant aneurysms of the right and left coronary arteries. Serial echocardiographic studies and treadmill electrocardiogram stress tests as recent as 1.5 years before death revealed excellent cardiac function by clinical criteria. The decedent sustained a witnessed collapse after ingesting 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and ethanol. He was pronounced dead in the emergency department after unsuccessful resuscitative efforts.

Autopsy revealed large aneurysms of the three main epicardial coronary arteries with extensive foci of severe stenosis by intimal fibrosis and organizing thrombus. Microscopic examination revealed multifocal severe myocyte hypertrophy. There were remote microinfarcts in the anterior and posterior aspects of the left ventricle and a recent, healing microinfarct in the posterior aspect of the left ventricle. Toxicology examination of postmortem femoral blood revealed MDMA, ethanol, and amiodarone.

This case illustrates the residual, lasting effects of cardiac disease due to Kawasaki disease and a potential complication in the setting of use of an illicit stimulant, MDMA, an amphetamine derivative that produces sympathetic activation and cardiovascular effects including tachycardia, vasoconstriction, dysrhythmias, and coronary artery spasm. Kawasaki disease-related abnormalities of the heart likely resulted in a lower threshold for developing a fatal cardiac dysrhythmia under the circumstance of stimulant use.