bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Low-Impact Development in Generation and Control of Urban Diffuse Pollution in a Pilot Sponge City: A Paired-Catchment Study
Authors: Zhao Hongtao , Zou Changliang , Zhao Jiang , Li Xuyong
Published: June 2018

Low-impact development (LID) is increasingly recognized as one of the most important stormwater source controls on a small scale. However, few studies have reported how LID practices affect the generation and control of urban diffuse pollution at the scale of urban drainage units. In this study, paired conventional and LID drainage units (CDU and LDU) were used to distinguish the role of LID practices in urban sediment accumulation and release at a residential drainage units scale (about 1–2 ha). The urban sediment dynamic build-up process, amounts per unit to equilibrium, amount and percentage of urban sediment washed-off by rainfall, pollutant concentrations during rainfall-runoff processes, and discharge water volume and pollution load from drainage units were all notably different between the paired drainage units. These results indicated that (1) LID practices have a combined effect on urban sediments accumulation and release on a drainage unit scale via reduction of the source area, changes in microtopography and formation of a greater sink area; (2) landscape alterations with LID practices within a small catchment reduced and disconnected areas with impervious surfaces, subsequently reducing the kinetic energy of wash-off and transport for urban sediment; (3) LID practices exerted notable hydrological responses and water quality responses at a micro urban catchment scale by reducing the first flush load and entire process discharge load. The results presented herein will facilitate optimal design for reliable treatment performance and assessment of the effectiveness of LID practices on an urban drainage units scale.
A Multi-Scale Approach for Improved Characterization of Surface Water—Groundwater Interactions: Integrating Thermal Remote Sensing and in-Stream Measurements
Authors: Varli Dilge , Yilmaz Koray
Published: June 2018

The interaction between surface water and groundwater is recognized as a key process for effective management of water resources. However, scale dependency and spatial heterogeneity of the processes at the interface are limiting factors in the characterization of this process. A hierarchical, multi–scale methodology has been devised and demonstrated to effectively and efficiently characterize the surface water-groundwater interaction along a 2-km reach in Kirmir stream, Turkey. Our methodology starts with investigation of geological information at the regional scale. At the intermediate scale, thermal infrared imagery is utilized to pinpoint groundwater seepage locations. Discharge measurements helped to understand the gains/losses. Point scale measurements including vertical hydraulic gradients, streambed vertical/horizontal temperature profiles and electrical conductivity profiles are investigated to characterize spatio-temporal variation in the vertical fluid fluxes. The results indicated that the study reach can be separated into three sections; upstream loosing section, downstream gaining section and mid-section with a seasonally variable character. Moreover, dam operation was found to control the exchange process—a rapid rise in the river stage resulted in temporary reversal of the exchange processes. Analysis of chloride concentrations indicated that the lower confined aquifer is likely the source for the seepage at a fault-controlled section of the streambed.
A Method for the Quantification of Powertrain Electrification Impacts on Driving Dynamics
Authors: Kraft Markus , Rinderknecht Stephan
Published: June 2018

This paper discusses a novel simulation-based study quantifying the impacts of driving dynamics in the electrification of conventional powertrains into hybrid powertrains. Towards this aim, the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST) is used to facilitate sensitivity analysis. Design of experiments and artificial neural network methods are employed to approximate the solution space to ensure a computationally efficient application of the FAST. To demonstrate this method, a simulation-based study was conducted to evaluate the electrification impacts in a challenging driving dynamic investigation scenario.
Direct electrochemical generation of organic carbonates by dehydrogenative coupling
Authors: Gieshoff Tile , Trieu Vinh , Heijl Jan , Waldvogel Siegfried R
Published: June 2018

Organic carbonates are an important source for polycarbonate synthesis. However, their synthesis generally requires phosgene, sophisticated catalysts, harsh reaction conditions, or other highly reactive chemicals. We present the first direct electrochemical generation of mesityl methyl carbonate by C–H activation. Although this reaction pathway is still challenging concerning scope and efficiency, it outlines a new strategy for carbonate generation.
Why the Shock-ICME Complex Structure Is Important: Learning from the Early 2017 September CMEs
Authors: Shen Chenglong , Xu Mengjiao , Wang Yuming , Chi Yutian , Luo Bingxian
Published: June 2018

In the early days of 2017 September, an exceptionally energetic solar active region AR 12673 aroused great interest in the solar physics community. It produced four X class flares, more than 20 coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and an intense geomagnetic storm, for which the peak value of the Dst index reached up to −142 nT at 2017 September 8 02:00 UT. In this work, we check the interplanetary and solar source of this intense geomagnetic storm. We find that this geomagnetic storm was mainly caused by a shock-interplanetary CME (ICME) complex structure, which was formed by a shock driven by the 2017 September 6 CME propagating into a previous ICME, which was the interplanetary counterpart of the 2017 September 4 CME. To better understand the role of this structure, we conduct a quantitative analysis on the enhancement of ICME’s geoeffectiveness induced by the shock compression. The analysis shows that the shock compression enhanced the intensity of this geomagnetic storm by a factor of two. Without shock compression, there would have been only a moderate geomagnetic storm with a peak Dst value of ∼−79 nT. In addition, the analysis of the proton flux signature inside the shock-ICME complex structure shows that this structure also enhanced the solar energetic particle intensity by a factor of approximately five. These findings illustrate that the shock-ICME complex structure is a very important factor in solar physics study and space weather forecast.
The Distance to the Galaxy Coma P
Authors: Anand Gagandeep S. , Tully R. Brent , Karachentsev Igor D. , Makarov Dmitry I. , Makarova Lidia , Rizzi Luca , Shaya Edward J.
Published: June 2018

If the extremely low surface-brightness galaxy Coma P lies at 5.5 ± 0.3 Mpc, as recently proposed, then it would have an extraordinarily deviant peculiar velocity of ∼900 km s−1 at a location where differential velocities between galaxies are low. We have accessed the images from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archives used to derive the literature distance from the magnitude of the tip of the red giant branch. Our analysis gives the distance to be 10.9 ± 1.0 Mpc. At this location the galaxy lies within the infall region of the Virgo Cluster, such that its still considerable peculiar velocity of ∼500 km s−1 is consistent with an established model. Coma P has an unusually pronounced asymptotic giant branch (AGB) relative to its red giant branch. The dominant stellar population is just a few Gyr old.
Neutron-capture Elements in Planetary Nebulae: First Detections of Near-infrared [Te iii] and [Br v] Emission Lines*

†
Authors: Madonna Simone , Bautista Manuel , Dinerstein Harriet L. , Sterling N. C. , García-Rojas Jorge , Kaplan Kyle F. , Rubio-Díez Maria del Mar , Castro-Rodríguez Nieves , Garzón Francisco
Published: June 2018

We have identified two new near-infrared (NIR) emission lines in the spectra of planetary nebulae arising from heavy elements produced by neutron-capture reactions: [Te iii] 2.1019 μm and [Br v] 1.6429 μm. [Te iii] was detected in both NGC 7027 and IC 418, while [Br v] was seen in NGC 7027. The observations were obtained with the medium-resolution spectrograph Espectrógrafo Multiobjeto Infra-Rojo (EMIR) on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias at La Palma, and with the high-resolution Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrometer (IGRINS) on the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith telescope at McDonald Observatory. New calculations of atomic data for these ions, specifically A-values and collision strengths, are presented and used to derive ionic abundances of Te2+ and Br4+. We also derive ionic abundances of other neutron-capture elements detected in the NIR spectra, and estimate total elemental abundances of Se, Br, Kr, Rb, and Te after correcting for unobserved ions. Comparison of our derived enrichments to theoretical predictions from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) evolutionary models shows reasonable agreement for solar metallicity progenitor stars of ∼2–4 M
⊙. The spectrally isolated [Br v] 1.6429 μm line has advantages for determining nebular Br abundances over optical [Br iii] emission lines that can be blended with other features. Finally, measurements of Te are of special interest because this element lies beyond the first peak of the s-process, and thus provides new leverage on the abundance pattern of trans-iron species produced by AGB stars.
Ouvrir l’université sur le monde économique et instaurer une orientation rationnelle : aux origines de la création des IUT
Authors: Le Nir Michel , Seguy Jean-Yves
Published: June 2018

Avec la création des IUT en 1966, l’enseignement supérieur connaît une évolution remarquable. Cette création, qui s’inscrit dans le prolongement d’un ensemble de réformes des années 1960 est emblématique d’un double questionnement fondateur de la politique gaullienne de l’enseignement : celui du lien entre l’école et le monde économique, et celui de l’orientation. Cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont cette préoccupation est interrogée, en particulier à l’occasion des travaux de la commission des IFTS (Instituts de formation technique supérieure) animée par le secrétaire général du ministère, Pierre Laurent. Ces travaux et le texte de janvier 1966 créant les IUT sont révélateurs des avancées de la réflexion sur la place de l’enseignement technologique dans le supérieur, mais aussi des contradictions qui traversent la mise en œuvre de cette nouvelle formation. Les questions non totalement tranchées, sur les conditions de recrutement, sur la durée de la formation, sur la concurrence avec les autres formations analogues, apparaissent susceptibles d’expliquer certains des débats qui ont traversé toute l’histoire des IUT.
Le retour de la non mixité à l’école : ce qu’en pensent les élèves
Authors: Bréau Antoine , Schoch Lucie , Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa
Published: June 2018

Si dans un contexte international la mixité à l’école fait l’objet de nombreuses critiques, notamment au regard du maintien des inégalités entre les sexes, le retour de la non mixité au sein des établissements scolaires est une perspective discutée et déjà mise en place dans certains pays. Cette étude a souhaité accéder au point de vue que les adolescentes et les adolescents pouvaient avoir à propos d’une séparation des sexes à l’école. À partir de la mise en place de quinze focus groups, cet article souligne que les garçons et les filles préfèrent être dans une classe mixte. La non mixité, vue comme l’école du passé, va perturber le climat de classe, amenant une dégradation des relations sociales entre les filles et un manque de sérieux chez les garçons. Les différents arguments prononcés par les élèves en faveur de la mixité mettent en exergue les rôles sexués et le maintien des stéréotypes de genre.
Peur coloniale et politisation des immigrants chiites sud-libanais au Sénégal dans l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Charnay Julien
Published: June 2018

Cet article étudie la politisation des immigrés chiites originaires de Sud-Liban ou Jabal ‘Âmil qui se sont établis au Sénégal, et plus particulièrement à Dakar, principale porte d’entrée de l’Afrique occidentale française tout au long de la période coloniale. Il montre l’étendue de réseaux politiques nationalistes animés par des immigrés pleinement engagés dans les débats et controverses de la Nahda –  terme utilisé dans le champ politique pour célébrer et promouvoir le réveil politique des Arabes –, et les clivages traversant la nébuleuse nationaliste syrienne dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Les contradictions de la politique mandataire française se trouvent alors de plus en plus contestées par une nouvelle génération de propagandistes, intransigeants dans leur volonté d’indépendance et révolutionnaires dans leur définition d’une communauté nationale syrienne. Ces réseaux offrent ainsi aux immigrés la possibilité de contester l’impérialisme français par ses marges. Derrière un vocabulaire religieux et la peur de diffusion du panislamisme en Afrique noire, majoritairement musulmane, les administrateurs coloniaux, convaincus du potentiel subversif de l’islam dans la contestation de l’ordre colonial par les Africains, redoutent surtout l’intégration de l’AOF dans un monde musulman de plus en plus conscient de lui-même depuis le début du siècle.
Les étrangers, cibles de l'état d'urgence permanent
Authors: Foegle Jean-Philippe
Published: June 2018

Si, depuis des années, la figure de l'étranger n'est appréhendée que sous l'angle du contrôle, les dernières avancées technologiques rendent compte d'une logique prédictive, fondée sur le fantasme de pouvoir prévenir des comportements futurs et neutraliser des personnes estimées dangereuses. On glisse vers une politique de contrôle individuel des étrangers qui s'alimente des dispositifs de surveillance de la menace terroriste, comme si étrangers et terroristes en puissance avaient un point commun : leur dangerosité. Quand l'état d'urgence sert de justification à l'amalgame fallacieux fait entre flux migratoires et terrorisme.
Legs et leçons de la guerre d'Algérie
Authors: Blanchard Emmanuel
Published: June 2018

L'état d'urgence est proclamé en 1955 en France, en pleine guerre d'Algérie, pour mettre « hors d'état de nuire » ces « Français musulmans », désignés comme des « terroristes », en accordant des pouvoirs exceptionnels aux autorités administratives et aux forces de l'ordre. Soixante ans plus tard, c'est au nom de la lutte contre le terrorisme que ce dispositif exceptionnel est réactivé, aboutissant aux même dérives attentoires à l'État de droit.
Les passions orphelines : l’inversion morale selon Michael Polanyi
Authors: Lamarche Jean-Baptiste
Published: June 2018

La théorie de l’inversion morale proposée par Michael Polanyi et Charles Taylor offre une sorte d’inversion de l’herméneutique du soupçon. Selon celle-ci, le langage de l’action est plus noble que l’action elle-même. En revanche, Polanyi, tout comme Tocqueville, soutient que, dans la société moderne, où les passions morales n’ont plus autant droit de cité (en raison de l’emprise d’un regard réductionniste sur l’être humain), l’action est parfois plus noble que le langage utilisé pour la décrire. Pour parvenir à affirmer nos motivations morales, nous sommes enclins à recourir aux cadres conceptuels (comme le marxisme ou la psychanalyse) qui, sous couvert de développer une critique radicale de la morale, expriment des aspirations morales d’une manière indirecte et voilée.
Loan Sharks and Small Fry
Authors: Signori Gabriela
Published: June 2018

Comme d’autres sciences humaines, l’économie répond d’une manière ou d’une autre au présent. Pour autant, les manuels d’économie comportent peu de références à l’historicité du crédit à la consommation en lien avec les modes contemporains de recours à la banque et à l’usage des cartes. L’économie n’offre en effet pas le meilleur moyen de s’y intéresser. D’autres entrées comme d’anthropologie historique, apparaissent beaucoup plus riches comme l’a montré l’étude de microhistoire de Muldrew Craig sur la ville portuaire de Kings Lynn au début de l’Époque moderne, ou les travaux de Beate Sturm sur Hanovre à la même époque. Si l’on suit la démonstration de Muldrew, ce sont plus les relations de confiance que les calculs de profits et pertes, qui dominent le système du crédit dans le port de l’est de l’Angleterre. La question se pose donc de savoir si seul le crédit repose sur la confiance dans le monde pré-moderne, ou si la confiance est au fondement des sociétés pré-modernes, elles-mêmes, car on ne peut pas dire qu’il y ait une seule économie, pas plus qu’on ne pourrait parler d’une seule histoire pré-moderne.. À l’inverse, au cours du Bas Moyen Âge, la tendance à la formalisation, que je vais développer ici, peut être observée dans toute l’Europe. La formalisation est conforme au juridisme croissant et à la tenue de registres écrits, que les villes développent dans leur volonté de réguler un système de crédit proliférant.
Tres nuevas especies del género Aphis Linnaeus (Hemiptera, Aphididae) viviendo sobre verbenáceas (Verbenaceae) en la Argentina
Authors: González Rodríguez Sandra , Mier Durante M. Pilar , Ortego Jaime , Nieto Nafría Juan M.
Published: June 2018

Se describen tres especies del género Aphis Linnaeus (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Aphidinae) a partir de hembras vivíparas ápteras y aladas recogidas sobre especies de Junellia, Lippia y Mulguraea (Verbenaceae) en localidades de la Argentina, respectivamente: Aphis junelliae González Rodríguez & Nieto Nafría sp. n., Aphis lippiae Ortego & Nieto Nafría sp. n., Aphis mulguraeae Nieto Nafría & Mier Durante sp. n. Se exponen las características que permiten diferenciar las nuevas especies entre sí y de las restantes especies de Aphis conocidas en América del Sur.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A365C410-F84A-40DE-8C5B-13C2FA768EFC
Contra viento y marea: las Etimologías médicas de Antonio Barbará Riudor (1925)
Authors: Gutiérrez Rodilla Bertha M.
Published: June 2018

En este trabajo se estudia un repertorio pionero: el primer diccionario médico español dedicado exclusivamente a la etimología, elaborado por Antonio Barbará Riudor y aparecido en 1925. Se analizan sus características más relevantes, las fuentes utilizadas, los tipos de voces que incluye, además de encuadrarlo en el contexto en que surge y de ponderar su interés e importancia en la historia de la lexicografía española y de un modo particular en la de la lexicografía médica.
Subjetividad y objetividad en el Cantar de mio Cid y en las crónicas
Authors: Montiel Domínguez José Luis
Published: June 2018

Este artículo aborda la relación existente entre los pares de opuestos de subjetividad y objetividad, por un lado, cohesión y coherencia, por otro, en el análisis de las prosificaciones del Cantar de mio Cid. La propuesta que realizamos estriba en que los textos más cohesionados en cuanto a la subordinación como las crónicas no son necesariamente más objetivos, pues introducen subordinadas de la enunciación que modalizan el discurso transformando la prístina coherencia narrativa de la fuente épica. El análisis conjuga, pues, dos esferas de conocimiento: la sintaxis histórica y la narratología.
Publicación de autos sacramentales en el siglo XVII: volúmenes propios, colectivos y misceláneas
Authors: Rodríguez Ortega Davinia
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo ofrece una recopilación de todas las ediciones aparecidas en el siglo XVII en España que contienen, total o parcialmente, autos sacramentales de los mejores ingenios de la época. De este modo, se estudian los volúmenes de Calderón de la Barca, Valdivielso o Lope de Vega, además de las misceláneas de Tirso de Molina o Pérez de Montalbán entre otros; además se presta una especial atención a las condiciones y motivos de cada tomo, para intentar configurar el panorama editorial de los autos en ese momento histórico. Tras el análisis puede confirmarse la precaria situación en que se encontraba el mercado libresco de autos, como consecuencia de que no eran textos demandados por el público para su lectura, ni por tanto impresos.
Toledo frente a Madrid en la conformación del español moderno: el sistema pronominal átono
Authors: Sánchez-Prieto Borja Pedro , Vázquez Balonga Delfina
Published: June 2018

Los estudios sobre el pronombre átono objeto en español señalan de manera casi unánime en las últimas décadas que el factor más importante para la selección de las formas le(s)/lo(s) para complemento directo es el tipo semántico del sustantivo de referencia (contable o incontable). Dentro de este sistema llamado referencial, se incluyen hoy las provincias de Madrid y Toledo. En este artículo examinamos los datos basados en documentos archivísticos inéditos de ambas provincias para 1) establecer si este sistema estaba vigente en la Edad Media, 2) señalar la extensión a partir del siglo XVI, 3) comprobar si el sistema leísta se extendía a todos los sociolectos y 4) precisar las diferencias geográficas internas del castellano central.
La Primera parte de las Crónicas de España de Lorenzo de Padilla: versiones y manuscritos
Authors: Saracino Pablo Enrique
Published: June 2018

Lorenzo de Padilla, Arcediano de Ronda, redacta entre 1538 y 1569 una Crónica de España en cuatro partes de cinco libros cada una, la cual narra los hechos de la península ibérica hasta los tiempos de los Reyes Católicos. De esta obra solo se conoce la primera parte —en cuatro versiones distintas— y la segunda, recientemente descubierta. El presente trabajo se encarga de analizar las relaciones que las diversas versiones de la primera parte mantienen entre sí, al tiempo que incorpora al panorama conocido los datos que recientes investigaciones han aportado a la obra muy poco estudiada de uno de los cronistas menos renombrados del siglo XVI en España.
Pistes pour une économie morale du sentiment d’injustice parmi les jeunes des quartiers populaires urbains
Authors: Marlière Éric
Published: June 2018

Cet article se propose d’étudier à partir d’un terrain de recherche la question du sentiment d’injustice chez les jeunes évoluant dans les quartiers populaires urbains. Il est ainsi question de revenir sur nos anciens travaux en proposant une réflexion autour de concepts comme celui de frustration, de « subjectivités déniées », de « politicité » ou bien encore d’économie morale. Pour appréhender au mieux les enjeux politiques, sociaux et symboliques qui sont à l’origine d’un sentiment d’injustice véhiculé par un grand nombre de jeunes rencontrés dans les quartiers populaires quels que soit l’origine, la trajectoire ou le statut social, nous avons opté pour la notion d’économie morale. En effet, cette notion pourrait permettre de mieux appréhender le contexte dans lequel se développent les discours parfois acerbes de ces jeunes dans la mesure où l’économie morale dans une compréhension dialectique envisage les ressorts de l’action en partant de la colère et du désespoir qui masque en réalité une aspiration morale à la justice et à la citoyenneté.
L’économie sociale et solidaire : une nouvelle économie morale pour la Tunisie ?
Authors: Sigillò Ester , Facci Damiano De
Published: June 2018

Les mouvements de protestation de l’hiver 2010-2011, qui ont conduit à la chute du régime de Ben Ali, ont avancé un certain nombre de revendications socio-économiques autour des questions de l’emploi, du développement et de la justice, notamment portées par les jeunes des régions dites marginalisées de l’intérieur et du Sud, des quartiers défavorisés et de manière générale par les groupes sociaux qui ont été exclus par les politiques de développement économique et social de l’ancien régime. Ces revendications ont été plutôt reprises par les associations qui ont essayé de mettre en place des nouvelles manières de faire le développement, face à l’incapacité de l’État de répondre aux besoins de la population. Dans ce contexte, la grammaire de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) se généralise à la fois comme « alternative » socio-économique aux stratégies de développement de l’État et comme modèle légitime de l’action associative. À partir du cas de la région de Médenine, notre article vise à montrer comment la grammaire de l’ESS, greffée par les acteurs internationaux et élaborée dans l’arène nationale, permet à la fois le déploiement de nouvelles dynamiques hégémoniques et la création de nouveaux réseaux afin de légitimer les stratégies d’insertion des groupes sociaux exclus auparavant.
A NOVEL METHOD OF EEG-BASED EMOTION RECOGNITION USING NONLINEAR FEATURES VARIABILITY AND DEMPSTER–SHAFER THEORY
Authors: Soroush Morteza Zangeneh , Maghooli Keivan , Setarehdan Seyed Kamaledin , Nasrabadi Ali Motie
Published: June 2018

These days, emotion recognition has been receiving more attention due to the growth of the brain–computer interfaces (systems) (BCIs). Moreover, estimating emotions is widely used in different aspects such as psychology, neuroscience, entertainment, e-learning, etc. This paper aims to classify emotions through EEG signals. When it comes to emotion recognition, participants’ opinions toward induced emotions are really case-dependent and thus corresponding labels might be imprecise and uncertain. Furthermore, it is acceptable that mixture classifiers lead to higher accuracy (ACE) and lower uncertainty. This paper, introduces new methods, including setting time intervals to process EEG signals, extracting relative values of nonlinear features and classifying them through Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) of evidence method. In this work, we used EEG signals which are taken from a very reliable database and the extracted features are classified by DST in order to reduce uncertainty and consequently achieve better results. First, time windows are determined based on signal complexity. Then, nonlinear features are extracted. Actually, this paper suggests feature variability through time intervals instead of absolute values of features and discriminant features are selected using genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, data is fed in the classification process and different classifiers are combined through DST. 10-fold cross-validation is applied and the results are extracted and compared with some basic classifiers. We managed to achieve high classification performance in terms of emotion recognition [Formula: see text]. Results prove that EEG signals can reflect emotional responses of the brain and the proposed method is effective which gives considerably precise estimation of emotions.
Industry 4.0
Authors: Zimmermann Torsten
Published: June 2018

The term Industry 4.0 was born in the research group of the German federal government as well as in a project of the same name from the high-tech strategy of the federal government. It is meant to describe the interlacing of industrial production with modern information and communication technology. A key success factor and a major difference to computer-integrated manufacturing (according to Industry 3.0) is the use of internet technologies for communication between people, machines, and products. Cyber-physical systems and the internet of things (IoT) form the technological basis. The objectives are essentially the classic goals of the manufacturing industry, such as quality, cost and time efficiency, as well as resource efficiency, flexibility, convergence, and robustness (or resilience) in volatile markets. Industry 4.0 is one of the core themes of the federal government's digital agenda.
Mining Smart Meter Data
Authors: Tandon Ayushi
Published: June 2018

Metering side of electricity distribution system has been one of the prime focus of industry and academia both. The most recent advancement in this field is installation of smart meters. The installation of smart meters enables collection of massive amounts of data regarding electricity generation and consumption. The analysis of this data could help generate actionable insights for the supply side and provide the consumers demand management-related inputs. The problem addressed in this chapter is to identify suitable data mining algorithm for applications like: estimating the demand and supply of electricity, user and use profiling of commercial, and industrial customers, and variables suitable for these purposes. This chapter, on the basis of rigorous literature review, presents a taxonomy of smart meter data mining. It includes the summary of application of smart meter data analytics, characteristics of dataset used, and smart meter business globally. This chapter could help researchers identify potential research opportunities, and practitioners can use it for planning and designing a smart electricity system.
Conceptualizing and Operationalizing a Formative Assessment Model for English-Chinese Consecutive Interpreting
Authors: Han Chao
Published: June 2018

Formative assessment has been increasingly used by interpreter trainers and educators to promote student learning. Different forms of formative assessment have been practiced and reported in interpreting literature. However, a critical review of current practices reported in literature suggests that a longitudinally designed formative assessment model that harnesses the synergistic potential of self, peer, and teacher assessment seems to be lacking. This chapter therefore aims to provide a detailed account of how an inclusive formative assessment model was conceptualized and operationalized for an undergraduate-level English-Chinese consecutive interpreting course and how students and the teacher perceived the assessment model. Based on the students' evaluation and the teacher's reflection, the chapter highlights good practices that contribute to effective formative assessment, discusses potential problems, proposes possible solutions, and suggests future trends in implementing and researching formative assessment in interpreter training and education.
Competency-Based Education and Assessment
Authors: Wallace Melissa
Published: June 2018

In an attempt to analyze the reliability and validity of the most frequently used oral certification exams for court interpreters in the United States, this chapter examines the basic test model used for state-level certification through the lens of concepts in testing theory. Having identified several limitations to the currently used performance-based model, a hybrid model which includes competency-based education and assessment is proposed. By building on best practices in competency-based education, the alternative credentialing paradigm proposed here would represent an innovation in the context of court interpreter certification in the United States, requiring the transfer of assessment criteria usually used in traditional educational contexts into the realm of professional training. The proposed hybrid model would necessitate a shift from one high-stakes exam to assessment of a series of compartmentalized competency clusters that would account for soft skills and dispositional traits not currently assessed.
Quality Assessment in Audio Description
Authors: Fryer Louise
Published: June 2018

Audio description (AD) is one of the younger modes of translation. It shares many similarities with interpreting, although AD users have specific needs because they are blind or partially sighted. As quality is of concern in both fields, this chapter explores the overlaps to see what can be learned for AD from research already carried out in interpreting. Macro and micro criteria suggested for each discipline are compared, and describer competencies are discussed in the context of AdlabPRO, a European research project that seeks to define the professional profile of an audio describer and develop training materials and courses. The chapter concludes that assessment protocols and rating scales developed for interpreting might be adopted for AD, after appropriate adaptation to accommodate areas where the fit is incomplete. These include synchrony and the need for the AD to be considered, not in isolation, but in relation to the existing audio elements of the source text (ST).
Constructing Standards in Communities
Authors: Huertas-Barros Elsa , Vine Juliet
Published: June 2018

Assessment practices on translation programs provide a valuable lens through which to view current understandings about the nature of translation pedagogy. In the context of competence-based training, the last decade has seen the proliferation of assessment instruments aimed at enhancing students' learning by prioritising competence development and the translation process. Using the University of Westminster as a case study, the authors have sought to provide a clearer insight into the current understandings of translation and assessment practices on the MA Translation courses in the light of the current debates in translation pedagogy. The authors undertook a two-pronged approach by surveying not only the tutors, but also the students. This chapter will present and analyse the findings of the two surveys on assessment practices using the framework of the six tenets of good assessment practice set out by the Higher Education Academy (HEA) and, in particular, assess to what extent assessment literacy has been developed.
Student Peer Feedback in a Translation Task
Authors: Heine Carmen
Published: June 2018

Social science research methods can help shed light on students' peer feedback performance. They can also help enlighten researchers on students' reception and repercussion to feedback tasks. The operationalizability of these methods for future peer activities in Translation Didactics is examined in this chapter. Multiple peer feedback data from undergraduate Business Communication students is compared with questionnaire and interview data. The data derives from peer feedback loops and provides insights into the students' perception of working with peer feedback on a web-text localization and translation commentary task performed to mirror professional practice. The analysis of the wording of student feedback, of the revisions suggested and the analysis of whether or not—and how—students implement their peer's suggestions, allows qualitative evaluation and interpretation. The methods applied are compared and their feasibility for further research into peer feedback in Translation Studies is explored.
Social Media for Disaster Awareness and Management
Authors: Manne Akhila , Myneni Madhu Bala
Published: June 2018

Social media has redefined crisis management in the recent years. Extraction of situation awareness information from social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, etc. is a non-trivial task once the required framework is established. Unfortunately, most public safety authorities are still suspicious of using social media in engaging and disseminating information. This chapter reports on how social media can be effectively used in the field of emergency management along with the opportunities and challenges put forth. The chapter starts with a discussion on the functions of social media and its trustworthiness. It provides a description of the framework for disaster management system and the methodology to be adopted. The methodology consists of volunteer classification, methods of data collection, challenges faced, event detection, and data characterization with currently available disaster management tools. The chapter concludes with the division between practice and research and moves toward envisioning how social media may be used as a resource in emergency management.
Role of Social Media in Environment Awareness
Authors: Tilwankar Veethika , Rai Swapnil , Bajpai S. P.
Published: June 2018

In the past few decades, due to ever increasing needs and greed of man, our environmental quality is deteriorating day by day. Global warming, climate change, hurricanes, melting of icebergs, floods, acid rain, and extinction of flora and fauna is all due to environmental disturbance. Environmental issues have become serious health threats to humans. Pollution is the main reason behind many types of cancer, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, which sometimes lead to death. Environment conservation has become the priority of every country worldwide. This problem, which we are facing today, is due to lack of environmental awareness among the individuals and lack of knowledge. This problem can be solved if environmental awareness amongst the people could be raised. The advantage of environment awareness is its contribution to public support for government action in environment policy and management. Environmental awareness can be raised with the educational and informative programs. This chapter explores the role of social media in raising environmental awareness.
Globalization of Teaching Strategies in Mathematics Education in Nigeria
Authors: Akinoso Oye
Published: June 2018

In the Nigerian system of education, there is need for introducing modern technology of learning mathematics so as to ease the learning of mathematics and allow students to learn anywhere. In other to suit the features globalization, Edmodo, which is one of the learning management system packages, was considered in this study. In Edmodo class, normal teaching processes can be carried out such as teaching, immediate response from students, classwork and assignment, marking and grading, while both students and parents have access to the score of the students. In this study, emphasis is being placed on integration, benefits, and how to use Edmodo in teaching and learning of mathematics. The study concluded that the use of different technological packages in teaching will extend learning of mathematics from the four walls of the classroom to learning outside the classroom, which allows students to learn anywhere and at any time.
Effects of Data-Driven Instructional Strategy on Pre-Service Teachers' Mathematics Lesson Preparation in College of Education Ikere-Ekiti
Authors: Kehinde-Dada Oluwabunmi V. , Obisanya Olusola , Adewale Gbenga
Published: June 2018

This study determined the effects of data-driven instructional strategy (DDIS) on pre-service teachers' lesson preparation in mathematics. The moderating effect of gender was also examined. A pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design was adopted. Twenty-seven College of Education pre-service teachers participated in the study. The study was guided by three research questions. Data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Instruments used were rating scale tagged practical teaching assessment scale (PTAS) (Scotts' pie = 0.87) and data-driven instructional package (DDIP). There was a significant main effect of treatment on pre-service teachers' lesson preparation (F(1,23)= 26.83, partial η2 = 0.54). Lesson preparations of pre-service teachers exposed to DDIS (x ̅ = 7.12) were better than those of control (x ̅ = 4.87). There was a significant interaction effect of treatment and teachers' gender on pre-service teachers' lesson preparation (F(1,23)= 4.37). Data-driven instructional strategy enhanced pre-service teachers' lesson preparation in mathematics.
Prospect and Challenges of Mathematics Education in the Modern Globalized Curriculum
Authors: Nworah Faith Chidinma , Dolapo Oragade Christy
Published: June 2018

The pursuit of mathematics for the achievement of prosperity and advancement is very conspicuous in many national developmental plans both in developed and underdeveloped countries. In this chapter, an attempt was made to examine some of the major challenges facing mathematics education in the modern globalized curriculum and its prospect. It was argued that the success of the teaching and learning of mathematics could only be achieved when the subject is given its rightful place. The chapter highlighted the characteristics and usefulness of mathematics, aims and values of mathematics education in the society. Finally, meaningful suggestions were proffered that if adopted will induce a positive change into the teaching and learning of mathematics.
A Multicriteria Spatiotemporal System for Influenza Epidemic Surveillance
Authors: Younsi Fatima-Zohra , Hamdadou Djamila , Chakhar Salem
Published: June 2018

Influenza has been a growing concern for the public health decision makers/policy makers. Indeed, they are in need of a real geo-making tool for monitoring and surveillance. The chapter aims to introduce a novel spatiotemporal decision system based on multicriteria ranking method, information geographic system (GIS), and SEIRSW system for public health. The later was designed, implemented, and validated in previous research for influenza risk assessment. The authors highlight the use of PROMETHEE II ranking method of multi-criteria decision analysis in GIS that incorporates various factors to monitor and identify potential high-risk areas of seasonal influenza and disease mapping. Factors related to the risk of seasonal influenza are obtained from simulation system and constitute the input values of PROMETHEE II ranking method for the 26 communes of the city of Oran, Algeria. The proposed system has demonstrated analytical capabilities in targeting high-risk spots and influenza surveillance monitoring system and it can help public health policy makers prioritize in their response goals and evaluate control strategies.
Review on Image Representation Compression and Retrieval Approaches
Authors: Damahe Lalit B. , Thakur Nileshsingh V.
Published: June 2018

Image representation and compression is one of the important fields of computer vision that contribute to the reduction of size of an image and other types of application areas such as image restoration, retrieval, etc. Image representation is important with respect to storage of image information, and it further extends to the compression, which may be lossy or lossless. Image compression can be applied to various applications which mainly include medical imaging, traffic monitoring, military, multimedia transmission, smart cell devices, and almost in all the domains that require less transmission and storage cost, specifically image retrieval processing. This chapter presents the various image representation compression and retrieval approaches. The retrieval approaches on personal computer and smart cell devices are discussed. Finally, the key issues are identified for image representation compression and retrieval on the basis of performance evaluation parameters like encoding time, decoding time, compression ratio, precision, recall, and elapsed time.
Toward the Improvement of Emergency Response Utilizing a Multi-Tiered Systems Integration Approach
Authors: Erskine Michael A. , Pepper Will
Published: June 2018

This chapter presents an extension of the Emergency Description Information Technology (EDIT) project to facilitate the effective collection and communication of information during an emergency. New academic findings and industry technologies inform a modified research framework. The research framework contains four primary research areas that are described in detail. Extending the design-science approach used for the EDIT project could improve emergency communications during large-scale international gatherings, as well as for community emergency response.
Live Video Communication in Prehospital Emergency Medicine
Authors: Metelmann Camilla , Metelmann Bibiana
Published: June 2018

Prehospital emergency medicine treats time-critical diseases and conditions and aims to reduce morbidity and mortality. The progression of emergency medicine is an important topic for governments worldwide. A problem occurs when paramedics need assistance at the emergency site by emergency doctors, who cannot be present. Video-communication in real-time from the emergency site to an emergency doctor offers an opportunity to enhance the quality of emergency medicine. The core piece of this study is a video camera system called “LiveCity camera,” enabling real-time high quality video connection of paramedics and emergency doctors. The impact of video communication on emergency medicine is clearly appreciated among providers, based upon the extent of agreement that has been stated in this study's questionnaire by doctors and paramedics. This study was part of the FP7-European Union funded research project “LiveCity” (Grant Agreement No. 297291).
Facebook Contradictions in Municipal Social Media Practices
Authors: Haahr Lars
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the emerging social media practices of governments and citizens. The study takes on the status of an exploratory case study and draws on a grounded research approach. The case study shows an emerging social media practice that is embedded in and driven by a diversity of contradictions. The study identifies the following three contradictions as the most significant: communicative contradictions between service administration and community feeling, organizational contradictions between central control and local engagement, digital platform contradictions between municipal website and social media. The chapter presents a single-case study, which is a small contribution to the initial understanding of the social media practices of governments and citizens. The analysis indicates how a local municipality in its social media practices on Facebook is embedded in and driven by contradictions, and hence offers insights into a new way of understanding the challenges and opportunities of government social media.
Strategic Overhaul of Government Operations
Authors: Scholl Hans J.
Published: June 2018

Field operations in municipal governments have undergone fundamental adjustments. This empirical study investigated the ramifications of the strategic shift in government field operations when mobile information and communication technologies (ICTs) were introduced for field crews in a multiyear process. The implementation had to overcome several serious socio-technical challenges. The data were collected using cognitive work analysis (CWA) and interpreted from a structurationist perspective. The study filled an important methodological gap: While structuration theory (ST) has been criticized for its paucity of guidance for empirical research, CWA has been denounced for its deterministic engineering approach to social systems. However, the subordination of the micro-meso-level CWA framework into the grand theory of ST resulted in an approach referred to as situated action analysis, which was found particularly useful for elucidating the observed feedbacks between human agency, the shaping of the information (technology) artifact, and the organizational structure.
Access, Relevance, and Inclusivity
Authors: Dailey-Hebert Amber , Donnelli-Sallee Emily , Els Jamie , Kikendall Stacey
Published: June 2018

As institutions have expanded their virtual learning options to reach a broader community of learners, they have also increased the number of virtual faculty—largely adjunct or otherwise contingent—working remotely from the primary institution's location. Supporting the professional growth of these geographically dispersed faculty members presents complex challenges for faculty developers, who, often with limited resources, must adopt new approaches. Against this backdrop are increasing expectations for all faculty to gain proficiency in new teaching methodologies, modalities, and learning analytics to increase student retention. This chapter reports on a comprehensive, multi-modal, and multi-perspective study undertaken by one institution regarding the needs of this changing faculty demographic, including virtual and face-to-face adjunct and full-time faculty. The research yielded insights from the student, faculty, and administrator perspectives. Recommendations are presented for creating accessible, relevant, and inclusive faculty development that integrates faculty at all ranks.
Beyond Textbooks
Authors: Farmer Lesley S. J.
Published: June 2018

Textbooks can serve as a good starting point for learning concepts or serve as a reinforcing reference tool for students. However, to address the various academic needs of students, as well as to affirm the richness and depth of the knowledge, skills, and dispositions in online courses, online instructors should complement and supplement textbooks with other resources in various formats. Education has a growing need for digital resources, starting with digital textbooks, and expanding to other kinds of educational resources. Open educational resources, in particular, provide cost-effective and flexible tools for teaching and learning.