bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Influence of Socioeconomic Development Plans on Philippine Health Research Agenda: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Lopez Jaifred Christian F. , Ruiz Arlene S. , Sales Reneepearl Kim P. , Magdaraog Maria Angeli C. , Dizon Teddy S. , Geroy Lester Sam A.
Published: January 2021

Background. Understanding and addressing social determinants of health through evidence-based action is a strategy that has been advocated by the World Health Organization as part of its “Health for All” strategy in 1978 and “Health in All Policies“ framework in 2013. It has then been recommended that the research agenda-setting process should be informed by socio-economic development plans with the specific aim of gathering data on social, economic, and cultural conditions that affect health.

Objective. This paper reviewed the PDP 2011-2016, PDP 2017-2022, MDGs, and SDGs and identified common directions with the NUHRA 2011-2016 and 2017-2022.

Methods. A content analysis of the three identified priorities of the NUHRA vis-a-vis the PDP 2011-2016, the PDP 2017-2022, the MDGs, and the SDGs was done in order to identify harmonization of the priorities of the NUHRAs targets and indicators with those of the other plans and agendas. A gap analysis across all topics was done to identify links and gaps.

Results. The results established the common ground between health research priorities and international and national plans. Comparing the number of direct relationships between the NUHRAs, PDPs, MDGs, and SDGs, it was noted that there were more direct links between NUHRA 2017-2022, PDP 2017-2022, and the SDGs compared to NUHRA 2011-2016, PDP 2011-2016, and MDGs. The direct links were mostly found in 1) maternal, newborn and child health, 2) health systems, 3) communicable diseases, 4) water, sanitation, and hygiene, 5) environment, and 6) infrastructure development.

Conclusion. The NUHRAs may serve as pathways to achieve the goals stipulated in other socio-economic development plans. The relationships of these to health are complex, nonlinear and often the effects manifest after a long period of time, and as such require rigorous research.
Non-smoker and Non-Drinker Farmer with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Devianto Herlambang , Desiandrin Titis , Radithia Desiana , Susilo Dwi Hari , Rahniayu Alphania
Published: January 2021

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignancy commonly found in the oral cavity with incidence rate of 90%. We reported a 63-year-old male patient, non-smoker and non-drinker farmer, complaining of pain, itching, and stickiness in his tongue for the past 5 weeks. The lesion was treated with a topical anti-inflammatory medication and mouthwash, but did not heal. This case is an OSCC management and need to be alerted to the agricultural sector.
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Geriatric Patients in Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital
Authors: Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Radithia Desiana , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Ernawati Diah Savitri
Published: January 2021

Background. Population aged 60 years old and above are growing in number; a fact that will have an impact on general and oral health in the future. Oral health is often overlooked in the management of geriatric patients but it is vital to have a knowledged-based practice in order to increase the quality of life of elderly patients.

Objective. The purpose of this study is to determine the number and types of oral mucosal lesions in geriatric patients who come to the Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital.

Methods. This is an observational descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Intraoral soft tissue examination was performed on geriatric patients coming to the hospital between March and December 2018.

Results. One hundred twenty-four (124) new geriatric patients came to the hospital. A total of 152 oral lesions from 63 geriatric patients (50.81%) were identified. Overall, coated tongue (55.56%) was the most frequently detected lesion, followed by linea alba buccalis (31.74%) and lingual varicosities (26.98%).

Conclusion. Coated tongue or white tongue is the most frequently detected oral mucosal lesion, often caused by poor oral hygiene. The dentist should be able to recognize and differentiate them from the worrisome lesions and decide on the appropriate treatment in geriatric patients.
Incidence of Internal Decay in American Elms (Ulmus americana) Under Regular Fungicide Injection to Manage Dutch Elm Disease
Authors: Brazee Nicholas , Marra Robert
Published: January 2021

Fungicide injection is regularly performed to prevent and manage Dutch elm disease (DED) of American elm (Ulmus americana). In an effort to better understand the effects of long-term fungicide injection on tree health, sonic tomography (SoT) and electrical-resistance tomography (ERT) were used to nondestructively determine the incidence and severity of internal decay in the lower trunk of American elms in suburban and urban settings. Overall, 253 sonic and electrical-resistance tomograms were generated from 210 American elms. Sampled trees were partitioned into two fungicide injection groups: (1) regular injection; and (2) irregular injection or no known history of injection. Among all American elms, the incidence of internal decay in the lower trunk was 30% (63/210) with a mean percent decay, as determined by SoT, of 39%. Based on Chi-square analysis, there were no significant differences in the frequency of elms with decay by injection history (P = 0.799). Mean percent decay was significantly different by dbh class (P = 0.005) and while linear regression demonstrated a positive correlation between percent decay and dbh, most of the variability went unexplained (R2 = 0.182). For elms with decay, there was a significantly higher frequency of trees in the lowest decay class (< 25% of the cross section) compared to the highest decay class (> 75% of the cross section). The results suggest that the wounding associated with regular fungicide injection does not increase the likelihood of internal decay and that American elms exhibit a low frequency and severity of internal decay.
How Are Managers Making Tree Species Selection Decisions in the Pacific Northwest of the United States?
Authors: Petter Joshua , Ries Paul , D’Antonio Ashley , Contreras Ryan
Published: January 2021

Trees provide an array of social, economic, and ecological benefits; furthermore, trees on public land are critical for providing those benefits to people who cannot afford their own trees. It is important to know how managers make trade-offs and prioritize different tree selection criteria in order to target educational campaigns at the state or regional level. Primary contacts for Tree City USA designated cities were surveyed across the Pacific Northwest. Of these municipalities, 79 out of 151 responded (52.3% response rate), with 6 municipalities providing responses from different departments for a total of 85 responses. Currently, there are primarily descriptive statistics in relation to tree species selection. This study provides a framework for future statistical analysis and greater exploration of how municipalities and managers are selecting tree species. Results were analyzed with a Mann-Whitney U test to compare International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Certified Arborists® to those who are not certified across various tree species selection criteria. Another Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare small (≤ 50,000) and large (> 50,000) municipalities across the same criteria. ISA Certified Arborists® showed statistically significant differences from those who are not certified in a number of tree species selection criteria. ISA Certified Arborists® also differed in urban forest management on a city-wide scale, particularly in favoring greater tree species diversity. The differences in urban forest management between ISA Certified Arborists® and noncertified—and between municipality sizes—can help to influence future educational campaigns targeted toward increasing urban forest health and resiliency.
DA AMIZADE OU A LITERATURA COMO ÉTICA
Authors: Ribeiro Helano Jader
Published: January 2021

Este artigo é a tradução de um pensamento que se dirá aberto. Ou seja, é uma conversa com a autoficção do escritor Thomas Bernhard O sobrinho de Wittgenstein e seus gestos performáticos que operam na e pela amizade como um conceito que, sobretudo, revela-se através de um discurso politicamente ético e eticamente político. Ao propormos essa autoficção como performance, estamos retirando a representação como presença para em seu lugar enchermos de exageros e encenações performáticas as apresentações neste baile de máscaras e mentiras verdadeiras. Não, aqui se trata de leveza, não de autor[idade], mas sim de um ator chamado Thomas Bernhard. Mas não só. A representação mostra-se aqui em crise porque ficou clara, também, a impossibilidade de representação política.
OS ASPECTOS DO DUPLO NO ROMANTISMO DE E. T. A. HOFFMANN
Authors: GUIMARÃES Ana Rosa Gonçalves De Paula
Published: January 2021

Este estudo propõe percorrer as manifestações do fenômeno do duplo enquanto marca pertinente ao Romantismo Alemão, ocorrido entre o final do século XVIII e meados do século XIX. O destaque aqui conferido ao escritor E. T. A. Hoffmann deve-se ao fato de sua grandiosidade enquanto romancista e destacado escritor da literatura romântica. Recorrendo constantemente aos desdobramentos do Eu em suas obras, revela a necessidade de que o angustiado homem romântico, cindido e fragmentado, por meio dos mecanismos da duplicidade pudesse encontrar consigo mesmo.
OFICIALIZAÇÃO DA LIBRAS: MOVIMENTO SURDO E POLÍTICA LINGUÍSTICA DE RESISTÊNCIA
Authors: KENDRICK Denielli , CRUZ Gilmar De Carvalho
Published: January 2021

Objetiva-se com este estudo compreender o caminho percorrido pelas comunidades surdas brasileiras até a oficialização da Libras em 2002, pela Lei 10.436 e sua regulamentação pelo Decreto 5.626 de 2005. Utilizou-se de revisão de literatura como metodologia investigativa. O referencial teórico baseia-se em conceitos bourdieusianos e nos Estudos Culturais. Verificou-se que, para a efetivação legal, o Movimento Surdo foi e é fundamental para as conquistas alcançadas. No entanto, a luta do Movimento continua para que políticas linguísticas sejam concretizadas a partir das leis.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Alternative Marker of Neonatal Sepsis in Developing Countries
Authors: Sumitro Khadijah Rizky , Utomo Martono Tri , Widodo Agung Dwi Wahyu
Published: January 2021

Objectives: We sought to analyze the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an alternative marker of neonatal sepsis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we undertook consecutive sampling in all inborn neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with clinical manifestations of neonatal sepsis. Neonates with congenital anomalies and referred neonates were excluded. Complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and blood culture were carried out as the septic workup examinations based on the local Clinical Practical Guidelines. NLR is obtained by dividing the absolute count of neutrophils from lymphocytes manually. A cut-off value of NLR is obtained using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The median NLR value of the 104 neonates who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was 3.63 (2.39–6.12). Neonates with NLR of 2.12 have the area under the curve of 0.630 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.528–0.741) and 0.725 (95% CI: 0.636–0.814) when combined with CRP = 2.70 mg/dL. Neonates with NLR ≥ 2.12 in clinical neotnatal sepsis had almost double the risk of providing positive blood culture results (relative risk = 1.867, 95% CI: 1.077–3.235; p =0.011). Conclusions: NLR, calculated from complete blood count, can be used as an alternative marker of easy and relatively inexpensive neonatal sepsis, especially in developing countries, and detection of proven neonatal sepsis to be better when combined with CRP.
Identyfikacje narodowe i kulturowe Greków urodzonych w Polsce
Authors: Mycielska-Środoń Maria
Published: January 2021

Artykuł jest analizą tożsamości narodowej (national identity) Greków urodzonych w Polsce. Wskazuje na swoiste „pęknięcie” tej tożsamości (identity) i konieczność rozróżnienia w jej obrębie identyfikacji narodowej (national identification), budowanej na podstawie niezwykle silnego w myśleniu potocznym „mitu krwi” i identyfikacji kulturowej (cultural identification), rozumianej jako postrzeganie danej kultury jako swojej, zrozumiałej, szczególnie bliskiej. Prekursorką tego podziału terminologicznego była Antonina Kłoskowska, jednak jej pojęcie „walencji” jako wyznacznika identyfikacji kulturowej nie wydaje się wystarczające do opisu tego aspektu tożsamości Greków urodzonych w Polsce i zostaje w artykule poszerzone.
Explicit Teaching and Scaffolding to Enhance Concept Learning by Design Challenges
Authors: Van Breukelen Dave , Smeets Maurice , De Vries Marc
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a mixed methods study, carried out among 21 first-year student teachers, that investigated learning outcomes of a modified Learning by Design (LBD) task. The study is part of a series of studies that aims to improve learning, teaching and teacher training. Design-based science challenges are reasonably successful project-based approaches for breaking down the boundaries between traditional STEM subjects. Previous learning outcomes of the extensively studied LBD approach demonstrated a strong positive effect on students’ skills. However, compared to traditional classroom settings, LBD provided little profit on (scientific) concept learning. For this, according to two preliminary studies, a lack of explicit teaching and scaffolding strategies, both strongly teacher-dependent, bears a share of responsibility. The results of the third study discussed in this paper indicate that emphasizing these strategies strengthens concept learning without reducing positive effects on skill performances.
Developing Effective STEM Animations: Application of a Multimedia Learning Theoretical Framework
Authors: Adetunji Oludurotimi , Levine Roger
Published: January 2021

Although most people believe animations can be very effective for STEM instruction and engagement, research often leads to findings that they are not superior to static graphics or other information presentations. The reason for these failures is not inherent in animations. Rather, the failures often reflect non-adherence to principles of good graphics design and a lack of understanding of principles of STEM learning. Sci-Toons, a series of animations dealing with diverse STEM topics, were developed based on a theoretical learning framework and the use of teams comprised of individuals with scientific expertise and individuals with visual design expertise. The process employed in the development of these animations is presented along with data on the wide-spread dissemination of Sci-Toons, its impacts on viewers, and its impacts on students involved in their production.
Breaking Boundaries: Pressing Issues in Equity, Computing, and Problem-Solving in STEM Undergraduate Education
Authors: Bargagliotti Anna , Herreiner Dorothea , Phillips Jefrey A.
Published: January 2021

The April 2017 National Science Foundation-funded Breaking the Boundaries in STEM Education conference brought together Southern California science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) faculty to explore equity, problem-solving, and computing in an interdisciplinary manner. Two main research questions guided the overall scope of the conference: (1) What are the common threads across disciplines to approach the teaching and learning of skills that are relevant in STEM? (2) What are the challenges and barriers that need to be overcome in order to foster collaboration across disciplines to impact the teaching and learning of skills relevant in STEM? We describe the background of the conference and provide an overview of the questions addressed.
Growth Rate in CXC STEM Subject Entries: Implications for Meeting the Development Needs of the Caribbean
Authors: Griffith Stafford A.
Published: January 2021

After years of emphasizing the need to prepare students with skills acquired though the study of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) for the demands of the job market and to support economic development, there is a need to assess the extent to which subject entries for end of secondary school examinations in the Caribbean reflect change in this direction.  Such an assessment was undertaken by examining the extent to which students are taking STEM clusters of subjects in the May/June Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) examinations of the Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC).  It was found that the number and percentage of entries for STEM subjects were higher than those for the overall CSEC subject entries.  A low rate of positive growth was noted in many clusters of STEM subjects along with periods of negative growth.  It was concluded that, at best, the growth rate in STEM subject entries was anaemic. In view of the importance of the STEM subjects in preparing secondary school students both for the world of work and for advanced studies that will provide critical advanced skills required in the workforce of the twenty-first century, more effective policy and policy implementation in education must be pursued in the Region to ensure a sharper focus on STEM education at the secondary level.
"My Picture is About Opening Up Students' Minds Beyond Our School Gate!" School Principals' Perceptions of STEM Learning Environments
Authors: Hatisaru Vesife , Fraser Sharon , Beswick Kim
Published: January 2021

The provision of effective leadership in STEM education is essential to support teachers to consider approaches to STEM and to carry them out effectively. Principals’ perceptions of STEM teaching and learning are, therefore, significant. In this paper we report on the perceptions of 21 primary and secondary school principals through their completion of the Draw a STEM Learning Environment Test (D-STEM), assessed through a customised rubric. Findings revealed that the participant principals maintained a diversity of interpretations of STEM learning environments primarily equated to the use of student-centred pedagogies in classrooms. Very few responses depicted and/or described teaching and learning practices anchored in realistic problems, which can enable the integration of individual STEM disciplines, and engage students in the translation of concepts across multiple representations. The use of representational tools remained implicit or was absent in most of the responses. Findings are discussed along with methodological issues, and implications and future research directions are suggested.
Evaluating the dependence structure of compound precipitation and wind speed extremes
Authors: Zscheischler Jakob , Naveau Philippe , Martius Olivia , Engelke Sebastian , Raible Christoph C.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Estimating the likelihood of compound climate extremes such as concurrent drought and heatwaves or compound precipitation and wind speed extremes is important for assessing climate risks. Typically, simulations from climate models are used to assess future risks, but it is largely unknown how well the current generation of models represents compound extremes. Here, we introduce a new metric that measures whether the tails of bivariate distributions show a similar dependence structure across different datasets. We analyse compound precipitation and wind extremes in reanalysis data and different high-resolution simulations for central Europe. A state-of-the-art reanalysis dataset (ERA5) is compared to simulations with a weather model (Weather Research and Forecasting – WRF) either driven by observation-based boundary conditions or a global circulation model (Community Earth System Model – CESM) under present-day and future conditions with strong greenhouse gas forcing (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 – RCP8.5).
Over the historical period, the high-resolution WRF simulations capture precipitation and wind extremes as well as their response to orographic effects more realistically than ERA5. Thus, WRF simulations driven by observation-based boundary conditions are used as a benchmark for evaluating the dependence structure of wind and precipitation extremes.
Overall, boundary conditions in WRF appear to be the key factor in explaining differences in the dependence behaviour between strong wind and heavy precipitation between simulations. In comparison, external forcings (RCP8.5) are of second order. Our approach offers new methodological tools to evaluate climate model simulations with respect to compound extremes.
Possibilistic response surfaces: incorporating fuzzy thresholds into bottom-up flood vulnerability analysis
Authors: Lachaut Thibaut , Tilmant Amaury
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Several alternatives have been proposed to shift the paradigms of water management under uncertainty from predictive to decision-centric. An often-mentioned tool is the stress-test response surface, mapping system performance to a large sample of future hydro-climatic conditions. Dividing this exposure space between acceptable and unacceptable states requires a criterion of acceptable performance defined by a threshold. In practice, however, stakeholders and decision-makers may be confronted with ambiguous objectives for which the the acceptability threshold is not clearly defined (crisp). To accommodate such situations, this paper integrates fuzzy thresholds to the response surface tool. Such integration is not straightforward when response surfaces also have their own irreducible uncertainty, from the limited number of descriptors and the stochasticity of hydro-climatic conditions. Incorporating fuzzy thresholds therefore requires articulating uncertainties that are different in nature: the irreducible uncertainty of the response itself relative to the variables that describe change, and the ambiguity of the acceptability threshold. We thus propose possibilistic surfaces to assess flood vulnerability with fuzzy acceptability thresholds. An adaptation of the logistic regression for fuzzy set theory combines the probability of acceptable outcome and the ambiguity of the acceptability criterion within a single possibility measure. We use the flood-prone reservoir system of the Upper Saint-François River Basin in Canada as a case study to illustrate the proposed approach. Results show how a fuzzy threshold can be quantitatively integrated when generating a response surface, and how ignoring it might lead to different decisions. This study suggests that further theoretical development should link the decision-making under deep uncertainty framework with the existing experience of fuzzy set theory, notably for hydro-climatic vulnerability analysis.
Atmospheric triggering conditions and climatic disposition of landslides in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan at the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: Wang Xun , Otto Marco , Scherer Dieter
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Landslide is a major natural hazard in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Knowledge about atmospheric triggering conditions and climatic disposition of landslides in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan is limited, even though this topic has already been investigated thoroughly in other parts of the world. In this study, the newly developed, high-resolution High Asia Refined Analysis version 2 (HAR v2) data set generated by dynamical downscaling was combined with historical landslide inventories to analyze atmospheric conditions that initialized landslides in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The results indicate the crucial role of snowmelt in landslide triggering processes since it contributes to the initialization of 40 % of landslide events. Objective thresholds for rainfall, snowmelt, as well as the sum of rainfall and snowmelt (rainfall + snowmelt) were defined. Peak intensity (Imax) and accumulated amount (Q) of rainfall + snowmelt events yield the best predictive performance. Mean annual exceedance maps were derived from regional thresholds of Imax = 12.8 mm d−1 and Q = 17.2 mm for rainfall + snowmelt. Mean annual exceedance maps depict climatic disposition and have added value in landslide susceptibility mapping. The results reported in this study highlight the potential of dynamical downscaling products generated by regional climate models in landslide prediction.
A Bayesian approach towards daily pan-Arctic sea ice freeboard estimates from combined CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 satellite observations
Authors: Gregory William , Lawrence Isobel R. , Tsamados Michel
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Observations of sea ice freeboard from satellite radar altimeters are crucial in the derivation of sea ice thickness estimates, which in turn inform on sea ice forecasts, volume budgets, and productivity rates. Current spatio-temporal resolution of radar freeboard is limited as 30 days are required in order to generate pan-Arctic coverage from CryoSat-2, or 27 days from Sentinel-3 satellites. This therefore hinders our ability to understand physical processes that drive sea ice thickness variability on sub-monthly time scales. In this study we exploit the consistency between CryoSat-2, Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B radar freeboards in order to produce daily gridded pan-Arctic freeboard estimates between December 2018 and April 2019. We use the Bayesian inference approach of Gaussian Process Regression to learn functional mappings between radar freeboard observations in space and time, and to subsequently retrieve pan-Arctic freeboard, as well as uncertainty estimates. The estimated daily fields are, on average across the 2018–2019 season, equivalent to CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 freeboards to within 2 mm (standard deviations < 5 cm), and cross-validation experiments show that errors in predictions are, on average, within 3 mm across the same period. We also demonstrate the improved temporal variability of a pan-Arctic daily product by comparing time series of the predicted freeboards, with time series from CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 freeboards, across 9 sectors of the Arctic. The mean of predicted and CryoSat-2 or Sentinel-3 time series are generally consistent to within 3 mm, except for the Canadian Archipelago and Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian Seas, which show discrepancies greater than 1 cm due, in part, to biases between CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 observations in these locations.
Effect of Teaching Fundamental Movement Skills with an Inquiry-Based Instructional Model on Perceived Motor Competence
Authors: Demir Meral , Soytürk Mümine , Öztürk Özden Tepeköylü
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of inquiry-based instruction in the teaching of fundamental movement skills to fifth-grade students on the children’s perceived motor competence. Utilizing a post-test experimental design with control group, the study was carried out with 260 fifth-grade students studying in ten different classes at five different schools located in the city centre of Manisa during the 2019-2020 academic year. For collection of the data, the “Perceived Motor Competence Questionnaire in Childhood” (PMC-C), and a “Personal Information Form” (PIF) developed by the researchers, were used. To test the effectiveness of the quasi-experimental process in the post-test design with control group, t-test was used. In the inquiry-based instruction in the teaching of fundamental movement skills of the students, a statistically significant difference was found in favour of the experimental group in the subscales of perceived motor competence. Regarding the gender variable of the students, a statistically significant difference was found between female and male students in favour of boys in the subscales of fundamental motor skills. In conclusion, it can be said that the inquiry-based instructional model was more effective than the direct instructional model in developing the fundamental motor skills of “locomotor skills” and “object control skills”. Moreover, when evaluated in terms of gender, male students benefited more from the inquiry-based instructional model in terms of “object control skills”.
Claves de la práctica de la tutorización entre iguales en las universidades anglosajonas
Authors: Lobato Fraile Clemente , Arbizú Bacaicoa Feliz , Del Castillo Prieto Laura
Published: January 2021

Las universidades anglosajonas, en general, tienen un modo de funcionamiento particular que difiere del que existe en nuestras universidades. Los contexto, las tradiciones y las herencias históricas no son tampoco las mismas. Así la figura del tutor y la utilización de sus funciones viene existiendo en aquéllas desde hace mucho mas tiempo que en nuestras instituciones, constituyéndose en un recurso pedagógico de indudable entidad en el entramado organizativo de la enseñanza universitaria. A lo largo del presente trabajo hacernos una revisión crítica de las diferentes realidades de la "tutoría entre iguales" (peer teaching), con la pretensión de discernir aquellos aspectos que, debidamente contextualizados en la tradición y características de la realidad de nuestras Facultades Universitarias, puedan servir a la hora de diseñar innovaciones respiro a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en nuestras instituciones de educación superior ante el reto de una mayor calidad universitaria. Además de las conclusiones deducidas del estudio critico, formulamos unas propuestas en orden a introducir mejoras en la práctica docente en nuestras instituciones universitarias.
La educación de calidad para todos empieza en la primera infancia
Authors: Blanco Guijarro María Rosa
Published: January 2021

Se postula que la educación de calidad para todos implica el desarrollo de tres elementos que le son esenciales: pertinencia y relevancia, equidad y protección de los derechos humanos de la persona. Se abordan, también, temas relacionados con el aporte que haría la educación de la primera infancia a la calidad de la misma y los criterios que regirían para definir dicha calidad en menores de seis años, debido a sus características y necesidades. Se presentan, además, diversos aspectos que conducirían a la calidad educacional deseada.
El arte en las ciencias sociales
Authors: Eisner Elliot W. , Escudero Burrows Ethel
Published: January 2021

Deseo hablarles sobre arte y ciencia y sobre el lugar del arte en la práctica científica.
Prácticas pedagógicas y desempeño de las niñas y niños menores de seis años
Authors: Herrera María Olivia , Mathiesen María Elena
Published: January 2021

Se analiza la calidad educativa que se ofrece a los párvulos, avalada por investigaciones tanto nacionales como internacionales. Se muestra cómo esta calidad influye en el desempeño de los niños y cómo el modelo curricular seleccionado, por medio de las prácticas pedagógicas que transcurren en la sala de actividades, tiene su efecto en las diferentes áreas de desarrollo infantil. Se concluye que es necesario que todos los actores involucrados, gestores de políticas públicas, educadores y padres y apoderados, en un esfuerzo mancomunado, busquen la calidad educativa como forma de potenciar el capital humano futuro del país.
DESAFÍOS DE LA EDUCACIÓN EN TIEMPOS DE CAMBIO SOCIAL
Authors: Salas Neumann Ema
Published: January 2021

Se presenta aquí una reflexión inspirada en las controversias a que está sometida la educación del país en nuestros días. Se plantea la necesidad de reconocer los cambios sociales y culturales y su influencia en la educación, de modo de redefinir el rol de la escuela para atender las necesidades de una sociedad que se renueva constantemente. Esta exige renovadas visiones de la vida y nuevas competencias para afrontar los frecuentes cambios sociales y culturales a los que el individuo estará sometido, en diversos ámbitos, durante su lapso de vida. Se requiere preparar al estudiante para un aprendizaje continuo y una frecuente toma de decisiones con respecto a sí mismo, para lo cual es necesario renovar el ambiente del aula, la relación profesor-alumno y la dinámica interna de la escuela, así como la organización del currículo y sus contenidos.
MEDEIA. DA AFIRMAÇÃO DO HUMANO À NEGAÇÃO DO DIVINO
Authors: Gonçalves Thais Luz Resende
Published: January 2021

A pesquisa que comunicamos apresenta uma possibilidade de leitura da peça trágica Medeia, escrita pelo poeta Eurípides em 431 a.C., considerando a possibilidade que encontramos de leitura de múltiplas faces da personagem Medeia, marcadas por tensões que culminam na realização da peripécia – conceito extraído da Poética de Aristóteles.  A peripécia, por sua vez, é interpretada dialeticamente, de modo a mostrar a originalidade de Eurípides. O prólogo do texto funciona como uma grande didascálica apresentando, portanto, essas faces de Medeia previamente anunciadas. Diante das faces que Medeia assume constituem-se figuras que identificamos como uma tríplice ambiguidade, quais sejam: Medeia transitando entre a passionalidade e a racionalidade, entre mulher bárbara e grega e a maior e mais importante ambiguidade, Medeia entre a figura humana e a figura divina. Sob essa perspectiva propomos que a construção da personagem Medeia é um expediente dialético.
INTELECTO E VONTADE EM TOMÁS DE AQUINO
Authors: Gonçalves Marlon Mendes
Published: January 2021

A problemática da preeminência do intelecto sobre a vontade se evidencia em maior proporção entre os escolásticos, de forma especial em Tomás de Aquino. Os estudos relacionados à relação entre intelecto e vontade na Idade Média, são inspirados em Aristóteles, nas suas mais variadas obras introduzidas no cenário medieval especialmente a partir do século XII. Haja visto que a questão da superioridade do intelecto possui fortes ligações com a filosofia do clássico Estagirita, tendo como exemplo a abstração das realidades exteriores, partindo das informações que os objetos manifestam a nós até a finalização do processo cognitivo.
Predicting the Students' Brain Executive Functions Based on Their Acculturation in Multicultural High Schools
Authors: Hamidi Farideh , Bagheri Forough
Published: January 2021

Background: Executive functions as a group of complex mental processes and cognitive abilities necessary for our goal-directed behavior to control the skills. Acculturation is a process in which an individual acquires and adjusts to a new cultural environment. Objectives: The present study aimed to predict the ethnically diverse students’ brain executive functions based on their acculturation. Methods: In this correlational survey study, 1,019 high school students in the city of Kabodar Ahang, a multicultural city in Hamedan Province, are investigated. In total, 280 bilingual as ethnically diverse students were selected using a relative stratified random method. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF) and Marin acculturation scale were used to collect data. The Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression, and step-by-step regression were employed to collect the data. Results: There is a positive association between acculturation and brain functions and inhibition components, task completion, working memory, and organization (P ≤ 0.001). In other words, increased students' acculturation leads to fostered brain executive functions in subscales of inhibition, task completion, working memory, and mental organization. Also, the multiple regression indicated that acculturation can predict 30% of the students' brain function variance. Conclusions: Teachers working in multicultural regions can use the findings of the present study to gain an appropriate understanding about students' individual differences according to their capacity of executive functions and organizing the process of learning based on their working memory and the complexity of the task.
Radiation-induced Stromal Sarcoma of Breast: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yousefi Kashi Amir Shahram , Taghizadeh-Hesary Farzad
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Post-irradiation mammary stromal sarcoma (MSS) is a rare condition, and it is worth learning new knowledge from each case. Case Presentation: We present the case report of a 59-year-old female with a medical history of breast cancer, who presented with an axillary mass on the same side. The patient was further evaluated and finally diagnosed with MSS with chondroid differentiation. Thereafter, she underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy to facilitate the surgical resection of the tumor. However, she experienced local progression and lung metastasis during chemotherapy. Conclusions: MSS with chondroid differentiation was resistant to the standard chemotherapy regimens of sarcoma. Radiotherapy is a potential choice in the case of chemoresistant MSS. Further trials may reveal this notion.
The Effects of Oil Spill Eater II on Oil Degradation
Authors: Yaghoubi Mahdieh , Haghmoradkhani Ali , Rafiee Mohammad , Jahangiri-Rad Mahsa
Published: January 2021

Background: Hydrocarbon contamination is considered to be a crucial environmental pollutant, which threatens the marine ecosystem and indirectly affects human health. Petrochemical industries are among the major sources of oil release into the environment. Several approaches are used to remove hydrocarbons from contaminated water, including biological, mechanical, and chemical methods. Oil Spill Eater II (OSE II) is an EPA-listed liquid nutrient with enzymes for the removal of hydrocarbons or other organic contaminants, which has also been proposed for the elimination of oil contaminates worldwide. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of OSE II on hydrocarbon degradation from contaminated seawater. Methods: In accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer, a combination of seawater and crude oil of various regions was prepared with a specific proportion. The amount of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) before the addition of OSE II and after the treatment with OSE II was analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The maximum removal rate of TPH from seawater was within the range of 59-75.5% after the OSE II treatment and 7-15 days of aeration. In addition, GC-MS indicated that the initial sharp peaks declined substantially due to the impact of OSE II on the destruction of hydrocarbon chains. Conclusions: According to the results, OSE II exhibited a high potential for the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons.
A Mini-review on Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Jaundice in the Canon of Medicine
Authors: Mahdavi Jafari Jamileh , Barimani Shahdis , Aliasl Fatemeh , Heydarirad Ghazaleh , Pasalar Mehdi
Published: January 2021

Context: Jaundice is a common gastrointestinal system disorder globally. Considering the potential of herbal remedies in traditional medical systems, this study was performed to explore medicinal plants used for the treatment of jaundice in the Canon of medicine. Evidence Acquisition: This narrative review was done on one of the most important textbooks in traditional Persian medicine. Different keywords, like Yárághān and Zárdī, were searched in the book, and a list of plants used was prepared. We searched for recent literature to find any supportive evidence to find the established mechanism of action, as well. Results: At the end of the study, 32 plants were found in the Canon of medicine, which most of them had at least one experimental or clinical study clarifying their mechanism of action to treat jaundice or decrease bilirubin. Conclusions: There are potential remedies in traditional Persian medicine resources, which may be useful in future trials to treat jaundice.
The Word and the World
Authors: Clough William R. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

Scientists and theologians a priori believe that it is possible and desirable for worldviews to evolve reflecting higher and higher levels of accuracy and insist. St. John the Evangelist uses the word Logos to describe the force driving this epistemological growth process. This essay suggests that the Logos explains human experience, scientific and religious, more fully than other contemporary worldviews. It explains the scientific search for order and the religious drive for spiritual transcendence. This implies that science and religion themselves can both be viewed as two subsets of a more complete, holistic worldview. They can inform and correct one another. Logos epistemology allows for a coherent understanding of emergent properties, the relationship between facts and values, consciousness, and theodicy. As an explanatory device, the Logos outperforms Materialism, Perspectivalism, and Idealism.
Reconciling Old Lovers
Authors: Sherwin Michael S. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

John Paul II invites scientists and theologians to work toward a new relational unity between science and religion within the context of developing a fully human culture. The Pope affirms the Catholic insight that if science and faith could live together harmoniously in the hearts of Nicholas Copernicus and Galileo Galilei, then, in principle, they should be able to do so in the hearts of all scientists. Thus, there is no need for any divorce between science and faith. The God of creation is the God of revelation and redemptioru Science and faith can work together for the promotion of tme culture, because ultimately the truth they both pursue is a "Who" and not a "what." The relationship between science and faith can be dynamic and healthy, because truth itself is a dynamic relationship. If we grant that the nuptial analogy is apt, then truly we can say that John Paul's work is an attempt to reconcile old lovers. Indeed, for the Christian, the ground of Truth is itself a triune community of love.
Mathaphors and Faith Understandings of Consciousness
Authors: Voss Sarah ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

This essay explores how contemporary metaphors drawn from mathematical language impact current faith understandings of consciousness. Complicated by a pervasive ambiguity in the way society defines consciousness, and widespread cultural blindness when it comes to recognizing metaphors that emerge from mathematics, this study is necessarily more speculative than conclusive. Nonetheless, even a brief examination of "conscious computers" shows the persuasive power of mathaphors to alter long-held convictions about humanity. The mathematics of holography, nonlinear dynamic systems, hyperspace, quantum theory, and the Internet give rise to other modem mathaphors. Taken together, these images suggest understandings of consciousness that accommodate more mystically-oriented faith interpretations, move Western religious sentiments closer to those of Eastern traditions, redefine the relationship between the animate and the inanimate, and between human and God, accept multiple realities as the norm, and, generally, offer profound implications for spiritual outlooks and choices.
Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis regimen compared to short-term antibiotic prophylaxis regimen in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery
Authors: Wallach Matthias , Cuéllar Javier , Verdugo-Paiva Francisca , Alarcón Ana
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION Orthognathic surgery, being an invasive surgical procedure, may present significant postoperative morbidities for the patient. Among the most frequently described complications is surgical site infection. The administration of prophylactic antibiotics prior to this type of procedure is a common practice, however, the cost-benefit of the use of antibiotics, the type of antibiotics, the route of administration, the dosage, and the regimen to be used have not been clearly defined and are still considered a controversial issue. In this summary of evidence, we will compare long-term antibiotic prophylaxis with short-term prophylaxis. METHODS We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified five systematic reviews including nine studies overall, of which all nine were randomized trials. We conclude that administering a long-term prophylactic antibiotic regimen probably decreases the risk of surgical site infection and that it may increase the risk of hospital stay longer than two days, nevertheless, regarding this last point, the certainty of the evidence is low.
Macrolides for the treatment of COVID-19: a living, systematic review
Authors: Verdejo Catalina , Vergara-Merino Laura , Meza Nicolás , Pérez-Bracchiglione Javier , Carvajal-Juliá Natalia , Madrid Eva , Rada Gabriel , Rojas Reyes María Ximena
Published: January 2021

Objective This living, systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated summary of the evidence available on the role of macrolides for treating patients with COVID-19. Design A living, systematic review. Database We conducted searches in the centralized repository L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). L·OVE is a platform that maps PICO questions to evidence from the Epistemonikos database. In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it covers and customized to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. Today it is maintained through regular searches in 39 databases. Methods We included randomized trials evaluating the effect of macrolides — as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs — versus placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Randomized trials evaluating macrolides in infections caused by other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomized studies in COVID-19 were searched in case we found no direct evidence from randomized trials. Two reviewers independently screened each study for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Measures included all-cause mortality; the need for invasive mechanical ventilation; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, length of hospital stay, respiratory failure, serious adverse events, time to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negativity. We applied the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it every time the conclusions change or whenever there are substantial updates. Results The search in the L·OVE platform retrieved 424 references. We considered 260 as potentially eligible and were reviewed in full texts. We included one randomized clinical trial that evaluated the use of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine compared to hydroxychloroquine alone in hospitalized patients with COVID 19. The estimates for all outcomes evaluated resulted in insufficient power to draw conclusions. The quality of the evidence for the main outcomes was low to very low. Conclusions Macrolides in the management of patients with COVID 19 showed no beneficial effects compared to standard of care. The evidence for all outcomes is inconclusive. Larger trials are needed to determine the effects of macrolides on pulmonary and other outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Systematic review registration PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42020181032 Protocol preprint DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/rvp59