bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Production Dynamics in Developing Gas Hydrate Reservoirs Using a Fractured Vertical Well
Authors: Cui Yudong , Lu Cheng , Luo Wanjing , Xing Guoqiang , Yang Ke
Published: February 2025

Hydraulic fracturing is an essential technology for improving reservoir permeability and enhancing gas well productivity. The experiments have confirmed that it is feasible to operate hydraulic fracturing in gas hydrate reservoirs. Consequently, clarifying the impact of hydraulic fracture on gas well productivity has been a crucial issue in developing a gas hydrate reservoir. This study established a numerical simulation model based on the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) for developing the gas hydrate reservoir using a fractured vertical well. To verify the accuracy of the newly-developed numerical simulation model, the local grid refinement method is used to simulate the hydraulic fracture with an arbitrary angle and the comparison results show that the numerical solution in this work is consistent with the solution from the commercial software. Subsequently, we evaluate the influence of the distance between the vertical well and fracture, hydrate saturation, well asymmetry factor, and natural fractures on the distributions of gas flow rate between matrix and fracture, field maps, and gas well productivity. The simulation results show that hydraulic fracturing can increase the initial daily gas production rate by 13.4 times which is favorable for enhancing gas recovery in gas hydrate reservoirs. The gas flow rate between the matrix and hydraulic fracture which can be significantly influenced by the well asymmetry factor (Ix) shows a U-shaped distribution for the scenarios of Ix = 0. Notably, thermal convection can exert a more significant influence on the temperature distribution inside the hydraulic fracture and a huge decrease in temperature caused by thermal convection will inhibit the decomposition of hydrate. In addition, natural fractures connected with the hydraulic fracture can arouse a more important impact on distributions of field maps and gas well productivity in a gas hydrate reservoir than unconnected natural fractures. The maximum gas flow rate occurs at the intersection of the natural and hydraulic fractures. As the angle between natural and hydraulic fractures (θf) is increased from 0° to 45°, a value of 24.93% increase in the cumulative gas production indicates that a higher value of θf is more favorable for developing gas hydrate reservoirs. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of developing gas hydrate reservoirs using a fractured vertical well in the future.
All-Flexible Chronoepifluidic Nanoplasmonic Patch Allows Label-free Sweat Profiling
Authors: Jeong Ki-Hun , Jeon Jaehun , Lee Sangyeon , Chae Seongok , Lee Joo Hoon , Kim Hanjin , Yu Eun-Sil , Na Hamin , Kang Taejoon , Park Hyung-Soon , Lee Doheon
Published: February 2025

Wearable sweat sensors allow non-invasive metabolic profiling for timely intervention in proactive healthcare. However, molecular recognition elements in conventional sensors still hinder a comprehensive understanding of an individual's unique physiological profile. Here we report an all-flexible chronoepifluidic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) patch (CEP-SERS patch) for label-free sweat profiling. The CEP-SERS patch features the integration of nanoplasmonics and functional microfluidics for precise chronological profiling of metabolites. An ultrathin fluorocarbon film facilitates large-area nanofabrication of plasmonic structures on a functional microfluidic channel via low-temperature solid-state dewetting of a thin silver film. The CEP-SERS patch facilitates conformal contact on human skin and SERS detection of diverse metabolites from sequentially sampled sweat. Machine-learned quantification of metabolites including lactate, uric acid, and tyrosine has successfully profiled SERS detection of sweat during assorted physical activities. This CEP-SERS patch can provide a new strategy for delineating the physiological phenotype of individuals in personalized healthcare.
Autistic Traits and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder: Is Depression a Mediator, a Predictor, or Both?
Authors: Altunkaya Anil , Kose Sezen , Kaleli Ipek Inal , Ozcan Seda , Pilan Birsen Senturk , Bildik Tezan
Published: February 2025

Objective: Adolescents with autistic traits (ATs) experience higher rates of depression and suicidal behavior. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ATs, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation (SI) in adolescents with MDD.
Methods: Seventy adolescents were included aged 11-18 diagnosed with MDD. Participants were evaluated with the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSR-S), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and ATs using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ).
Results: Three groups were compared: those without suicidal thoughts (ST-), suicidal thoughts (ST+), and suicide attempts (SA). While SA group scored significantly higher on the C-SSRS, BDI, and AQ compared to the ST-; ST+ and SA groups didn’t differ. The mediating role of depression was investigated via a Bayesian mediator analysis for CSSR-S subheaders of current and lifetime suicidal ideation and ideation intensity. The effect of BDI scores on current suicidal ideation was β=0.08 (CI[0.04-0.13]), which was consistent with lifetime suicidal ideation with the same effect size β=0.08 (CI[0.03-0.13]). For current suicidal ideation and its intensity, autistic traits had an indirect effect through BDI scores, with an indirect mean of 0.050 (CI[0.02-0.10]). For lifetime suicidal ideation, autistic traits exhibited both a direct (β=0.09, (CI[0.01-0.16]) and an indirect effect through depression scores, with a mean of 0.052 (CI [0.015-0.102]).
Conclusion:The complex interplay between ATs, depressive symptoms, and SI in adolescents diagnosed with MDD suggests that interventions addressing ATs could be vital in reducing suicidal risk among adolescents, emphasizing the need for comprehensive mental health strategies.
Impact of an External Magnetic Field on Biomaterial Usage in Carbon Ion Therapy for Meningioma
Authors: YJJOU MOHAMMED , Dekhissi Hassane , Derkaoui Jamal-Eddine , Didi Abdessamad , Aknouch Adil , El-Ouardi Youssef
Published: February 2025

This comprehensive investigation probes the effects of axial magnetic fields on carbon ion therapy, with a focus on biomaterials for cranial substitution in the treatment of meningioma. The study employs validated computational simulations using FLUKA and PHITS Monte Carlo codes to assess dose distribution, secondary neutron production (SNP), and overall therapeutic efficacy under magnetic fields of 0.35T and 1.5T. Distinct biomaterials(PTFE, Alumina, and Ti Alloy)are evaluated for their magnetic responsiveness and dosimetric properties, aiming to optimize treatment outcomes. The simulations reveal that the presence of a magnetic field does not significantly alter the neutron fluence energy distribution within cranial tissues or PTFE, indicating the non-susceptibility of neutrons to magnetic influences. Noteworthy, the study demonstrates a minimal variation in the depth of the Bragg peak for both the cranium and PTFE under 1.5T, with a maximum difference of 2.4mm at 250 MeV/n. In contrast, substantial discrepancies in Bragg peak depths between the cranium and denser materials like Alumina and Ti Alloy are observed, with differences up to 10.8mm, signifying distinct interactions with the magnetic field. These results highlight the potential of PTFE as a promising candidate for cranial reconstruction in MRI-GCIRT, presenting closely matched dose distributions to the cranium and underscoring its suitability for enhancing precision in carbon ion therapy. The findings provide crucial insights for clinical practice, guiding the strategic selection of biomaterials to improve patient outcomes in the treatment of meningioma.
Diversity in Stomata Morphology among Cultivated Blueberry Genotypes and Its Influence on Irradiance Response Dynamics
Authors: da Silva Benevenute Sarah , Adunola Paul Motunrayo , Nunez Gerardo H.
Published: February 2025

Stomata are pores on the leaf epidermis that control gas exchange between leaves and the atmosphere. Stomata differ in shape, size, and number among and within plant species. Stomata morphology has physiological consequences for some plant species. We investigated stomata morphology of different blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) genotypes and its influence on the speed of response to a change in irradiance. Understanding how these traits affect gas exchange can inform breeding programs and management practices to enhance agricultural productivity and resilience. Thirty-seven blueberry genotypes of southern highbush blueberry (SHB), northern highbush blueberry, and rabbiteye blueberry grown in seven different locations in North America were evaluated. Significant diversity in stomata area (Sa) and stomata density (Sd) were observed among the studied genotypes. Changes in Sa and Sd were not compensatory. During a follow-up study, the effects of Sa and Sd on the temporal response of stomatal conductance (gs) to changes in irradiance were studied. The stomatal speed of response of the tested SHB genotypes was significantly affected by Sd, but not by Sa. Additionally, significant differences in minimum gs were documented. Overall, this study provides foundational information about the stomatal biology of a globally important fruit crop.
Transtorno dos sons da fala: relato de experiência de um projeto de extensão
Authors: SOUZA Thaís Nobre Uchoa , CARNAÚBA Aline Tenório Lins , PAYÃO Luzia Miscow da Cruz , COSTA Ranilde Cristiane Cavalcante
Published: February 2025

Os transtornos dos sons da fala (TSF) representam qualquer dificuldade ou combinação de dificuldades com a percepção, produção motora ou representação dos sons. As alterações de fala apresentam alta prevalência na infância e, se não identificado e tratado precocemente, pode trazer repercussões negativas para interação social e aprendizagem. A partir dessa demanda observada na sociedade, surge o projeto de extensão Transtorno dos Sons da Fala que, em parceria com escolas municipais do território da universidade, realiza ações que abrangem os professores da comunidade escolar, os alunos, as famílias e os acadêmicos de fonoaudiologia, considerando a integração dos pilares extensão, pesquisa e ensino. Ao longo de anos, o projeto prestou assistência a mais de 300 crianças e contribuiu para a formação de mais de 150 fonoaudiólogos
Long-term rainfall variability of Indian river basins in the context of global warming and climatic indices
Authors: Ranade Ashwini , Gurrapu Sunil
Published: February 2025

The interannual variability in Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) results from numerous multi-scale interrelated phenomena. Using reconstructed rainfall data from 1813–2020 for 20 river basins in India, the research reveals substantial decline in the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Cauvery, Brahmani, Pallar & Ponniyar ranging 6.6–19.7%, and notable increase of 7.9% in Surma in past two decades compared to last century. Despite significant regional disparities, a modest increase of 1.3% in ISMR is observed over 101 years, indicating long-term stability. Spectral analysis highlights dominance of short-term fluctuations (75%) in interannual variability. The evolving relationships between rainfall and global climatic indices are underscored. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Arctic Oscillation (AO), Niño3.4 and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are most influential indices across basins, mostly show stronger relationship in June and September compared to July and August. Over time, AO and SOI maintained significant positive relationship and Niño3.4 inverse relationship with ISMR while, the AO-ISMR link weakened post-1980s indicating shift in traditional teleconnections with climate change. Northern and eastern basins, exhibit strong correlations with the warming over eastern and central Afro-Asian highlands, while southern basins influenced by equatorial climate dynamics. The findings emphasize the need for region-specific model predictions and localized adaptive water management strategies.
Mainstreaming integrated approaches to sustain lake and reservoir basin benefits in a changing climate
Authors: Duda Alfred M. , Hirji Rafik F.
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the challenges of institutional inertia and land, water and environmental policy failures in promoting integrated management of lakes, reservoirs, and their contributing basins and aquifers. While we focus on vulnerable lakes and reservoirs, the necessary policy, legal, and institutional reforms apply to many water basins, given the rapidly changing climate. Institutional barriers to more integrated land and water management are discussed that highlight the tension between development and management and the influence of powerful economic interests. Previous lake basin governance reforms to address institutional barriers stressed the value of partnerships and collaboration to overcome sectoral silos hindering the implementation of integrated, place-based approaches and minimizing the impact of climate-related disasters. Simultaneous top-down reforms, including national inter-ministerial partnerships and bottom-up vertical institutional collaboration with community engagement, are critical for overcoming barriers to sustaining benefits from lakes and reservoirs. Recent global water, environment, and climate institutional developments offer opportunities and driving forces for reforms needed to address the `integrated approaches amnesia' before irreversible consequences destabilize more communities. This paper builds on our companion article discussing the accelerated deterioration of lakes and reservoirs due to policy failures and climatic shifts and offers recommendations for collaborative best practices to improve governance.
Assessing closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) efficiency in removing contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in a high-recovery water reclamation pilot study
Authors: Huang Jian , Li Simeng , Delagah Saied , Stone Shaun , Mouawad Joe , Sharbatmaleki Mohamadali
Published: February 2025

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are increasingly recognized due to the proliferation of recycled water projects worldwide, particularly in California, aimed at addressing water scarcity and escalating demands. This research investigates the efficacy of closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) in treating tertiary effluent from municipal wastewater within a high-recovery framework, conducted as a pilot study at the San Jacinto Valley Regional Water Reclamation Facility. The primary aim of this pilot-scale investigation was to subject the CCRO process to elevated recovery rates and assess its capability in treating municipal wastewater. A selected list of the removal rates of CECs was examined and analyzed. Furthermore, the performance of membrane process at recovery rates ranging from 90 to 95% was evaluated. Results indicate that conventional municipal wastewater treatment effectively eliminates the majority of select CECs; however, certain contaminants may bypass conventional treatment processes. Our findings demonstrate that CECs such as select N-nitrosamines, hormones, and pharmaceuticals can be efficiently removed by the CCRO system at high recovery rates of 90–95%. Hydrophobic molecules like fluoxetine, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, and tris(chloropropyl) phosphate exhibited high rejection rates by the rRO membrane, while some hydrophilic constituents such as N-nitrosodimethylamine and caffeine were not effectively rejected by the membrane process.
Performance evaluation of a reverse osmosis membrane desalination equipment for application in rural communities in the Brazilian semi-arid region
Authors: Neto Osmar , Ribeiro Mayara , Silva Bernardo , Bezerra Iasmyn , Amaro Niniedna , França Kepler
Published: February 2025

Water scarcity is an increasing problem worldwide, driven by the growth of the global population and the effects of climate change. The situation in Brazil is no different, especially in the semi-arid region of the Northeast, which faces low and inconsistent annual rainfall and lacks adequate and sustainable surface water. Local groundwater has been used to mitigate the effects of severe droughts; however, most of the groundwater in the region is considered brackish or saline. The use of desalination equipment in the region has been applied to address the salinity issue, in order to provide fresh water for communities. This paper aims to develop a membrane desalination system for well water applications in communities in the area, designed with optimized conditions for operation and standardized equipment for mass production applications. The results show that the system performs optimally with well water containing up to 4,000 mg/L of total dissolved solids (TDS) and reaches an estimated limit of 7,860 mg/L. The experiments provided a permeate flow rate of 200.41 L/h at minimum production and 497.10 L/h at maximum production.
The evolution of the Zemgor’s automotive management system 1915–1917
Authors:   Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin, A. Mayorov Anatoliy
Published: February 2025

Background. Over the last quarter of a century, there have been no special studies devoted to the managerial features of organizing the work of the Main Army Supply Committee of the Zemsky and City Unions (Zemgor) in the field of creating and managing automobile units in conditions of state warfare. This, as well as the previously little-considered volunteer approach as the basis for the activities of unions in this area, makes the relevance of this article very high. The purpose of this work is to consider the evolution of the management system, a new and technically complex matter for Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, within the framework of a volunteer organization, self-organized to help a warring state. Materials and methods. In preparing the article, archival materials, Zemgor’s reports, press publications, as well as some results of other historical research were used. Comparative-historical, historical-genetic and statistical methods were used as a methodological basis. Results. The processes of building a management system within a self-organized public organization in a new technological industry are considered and described. A periodization of the process has been developed and justified. Conclusions. The work of the Chief Army Supply Committee of the All-Russian Zemstvo and City Unions (Zemgor) to create a mechanism for managing the processes of motorization and transportation turned out to be rather successful. Accusations of the ineffectiveness of the created management system seem biased. Zemgor managed to organize an adequate and relatively effective system of management, maintenance and coordination of the automotive industry to meet both the internal needs of its own production and supply system and to solve pressing logistics and technological problems.
A numerical method of solving the Cauchy problem for one differential equation with the Riemann – Liouville fractional derivative
Authors:   Dagestan State University, G. Omarova Asiyat
Published: February 2025

Background. The object of study in this work is the Cauchy problem for an ordinary differential equation with the Riemann – Liouville fractional derivative on an interval [0,Т ]. A distinctive feature of the problem is that the order is a variable function α = α(t), that depends on time and satisfies the condition 0 < α(t) < 1. The purpose of the study is to construct a numerical method for solving the designated Cauchy problem. Materials and methods. For a numerical solution, the finite difference method is used, with the help of which the transition from a continuous region to a discrete one is carried out. A difference approximation of the Riemann – Liouville fractional derivative is used based on the definition of the Grunwald – Letnikov fractional derivative. Results. A difference scheme is constructed that approximates the original problem with order 2 − α(t) . The convergence and stability of the difference solution is proven. A computational experiment was also carried out for various functions α(t). Conclusions. The performed computational experiment confirms the convergence of the proposed method.
Numerical study of electromagnetic field intensity in a partially shielded inhomogeneous half ball
Authors:   Penza State University, S. Skvortsov Oleg , A. Tsupak Aleksey ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. The purpose of the work is to develop, implement and test a projection method for comparing methods of focusing electromagnetic fields passing through a dielectric partially shielded half ball. Material and methods. The Galerkin method is implemented for the vector integro-differential equation of the diffraction problem; basic vector functions in a three-dimensional solid and a parameterized nonplanar screen are determined; a parallel algorithm for solving the problem using the MSMPI library is implemented. Results. Various options for shielding the half ball in order to focus the electric field inside the body were compared. Conclusions: the most effective method of focusing the wave in the proposed arrangement of the screen-body system has been selected.
Studying plane harmonic waves on a cylindrical cavity of elliptical section in an orthotropic medium
Authors:   Voronezh State Technical University, V. Volobueva Tatiana
Published: February 2025

Background. The purpose of this work is to solve the problem of stationary scattering of longitudinal shear waves on cylindrical cavities of smooth curved section in anisotropic media. Materials and methods. In the study of this problem, the method of correction of elastic constants, the method of generalized wave potentials, the method of singular analysis of the plan matrix, the method of accurate minimization of the quadratic functional of the residual boundary conditions are used. Results. An algorithm for the numerical and analytical solution of the diffraction problem is described and applied to study the patterns of stress distribution on the contour of an elliptical cavity. Conclusions. The method used is an effective means of solving the problem, which allows analyzing the effect of the degree of anisotropy of the medium on the distribution of reduced stresses.
Electronic control of directional properties of reconfigurable plasmonic graphene-based antenna arrays with frequency scanning in the mid-IR range
Authors:   Penza State University, S. Makeeva Galina
Published: February 2025

Background. Mid-IR antennas can play a critical role in advancing discoveries and innovations for applications such as IR wireless communications, imaging and visualization, remote sensing including environmental and biological, remote sensing, security scanning, biomedical applications and astronomy, IoT (Internet of Things) and sensors. The purpose of the work is to study using the CST MWS 2023 software package the electronic control of the directional properties of reconfigurable plasmonic graphene antenna arrays, i.e. the main beam of the radiation pattern (RP), by using electrical frequency tunability by changing the chemical potential of graphene (by applying an external electric field), scanning the RP and changing the shape and parameters of the RP in the mid-IR range. Materials and methods. In the mid-IR range graphene exhibits plasmonic-like complex surface conductivity with low losses, which provides great potential for the development of tunable antenna arrays in this range. Research on the application of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in graphene is focused on the ranges from THz to mid-IR, since current technologies allow reducing the width of graphene nanoribbons only to such an extent that they can excite plasmonic oscillations in the mid-IR range. To solve the electrodynamic problem using the CST MWS 2023 program, designed for numerical modeling of high-frequency antennas and devices, the Perfect Boundary Approximation (PBA) method is used, complementing the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) method, which works in the time domain. Results. The results of electrodynamic modeling of the controllability of the RP of plasmonic graphene antenna arrays with different numbers of emitters and electronic frequency scanning at the resonant frequencies of the fundamental SPP mode in the mid-IR range were obtained with a change in the value of the chemical potential μc (0.3 - 1 eV) and their dependence on the geometric dimensions of the graphene elements and the antenna array periods. Conclusions. As a result of electrodynamic modeling, the possibility of effective electronic control of RP of the plasmonic graphene antenna arrays in the scanning regime in the mid-IR range with a change in the chemical potential of graphene (μс = 0.3 - 1 eV) is shown: a change in the direction of the main lobe of the RP, while the achievable sector of the scanning angles confirms the efficiency of beam control; a decrease in the width of the RP at the half-power level and the level of side lobes; an increase in the radiation efficiency and, as a consequence, an increase in the gain.
Awareness, Pro-environmental Behaviours, and Strategies for Mitigation of Plastic Pollution among Nursing Students in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ravi Ramya , Edwin Vimala , Rasheed Fatima Abdul , Jaison Aleena Mary
Published: February 2025

Background:

The healthcare sector plays a significant role in the control and mitigation of plastic pollution-associated threats to the environment and human
health.

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, pro-environmental behaviors, and strategies for mitigating plastic pollution among nursing
students.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 210 undergraduate nursing students using a structured questionnaire. Convenience sampling was used
to recruit study participants. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.

Results:

The results of the study revealed that the majority of nursing students (71%) had moderately adequate levels of awareness regarding plastic
pollution, whereas 70.48% of the students engaged in inadequate levels of pro-environmental behaviors

Conclusion:

The present findings demonstrate the necessity of reinforcing nursing students regarding the reduction of plastic pollution through specific policies
and educational involvement. These measures would contribute to further initiatives and encouragement of their student period, future nursing
practice, and patient safety at all levels.
iRGD Tumor Penetrating Peptide-Modified NK Cells Exhibit Enhanced Tumor Immune Infiltration Ability and Anti-Tumor Efficacy
Authors: Song Ge , Qi Xueyong , Zhao Yi
Published: February 2025

Background:

Natural killer (NK) cells, as part of the group I innate lymphocytes (ILCs)
are essential for tumor immune surveillance. NK cells can recognize and eliminate target cells
without the need for prior sensitization or restriction of major histocompatibility complexes
(MHCs) and antigens. However, the limited infiltration of metastatic NK cells poses significant
challenges for advancing adoptive cell immunotherapy for solid tumors.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the potential of using tumor penetrating peptide (TPP)
iRGD to promote the delivery of activated NK cells to deeper layers of tumor tissue.

Methods:

Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the activation, inhibition, and expression of
other receptors involved in cytotoxicity. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass
spectrometry were used to detect the purity of iRGD. 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-
phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol)-iRGD (DSPE-PEG-iRGD) was synthesized. Surface
modification of cells was performed using DSPE-PEG-iRGD. Multicellular tumor spheroids
(MCTSs) were established to evaluate permeability. In addition, in order to better simulate the
physiological characteristics of solid tumors in vivo, we generated 3D spheroids from HGC27
gastric cancer cell line and BXPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell line to study the anti-tumor effect of NK
cells with combination iRGD in vitro. The mouse models of gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer
were used. In addition, the synergistic anti-tumor effects were evaluated in vivo based on the tumor
volume and body weight of mice.

Results:

Initially, we treated NK cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2), resulting in significant activation
as indicated by upregulation of CD56. On the 15th day, the proliferation of CD3-/56+cell
population in NK cell culture containing IL-2 significantly increased, and the NK cell amplification
factor was greater than 300. In addition, NK cells exhibited increased cytotoxicity towards cancer
cell lines. When the ratio of effect to target was 10:1, the killing rate of NK cells against BXPC-3
was 83.1%. iRGD modification enabled NK cells to penetrate MCTSs, resulting in cytotoxicity
against target HGC27 and BXPC-3 cells. In addition, NK cells modified with iRGD significantly
reduced tumor growth in the xenotransplantation model of gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer
mice model.

Conclusion:

In summary, our results indicated that NK cells exhibited higher efficacy and lifespan
against cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, the integration of iRGD into NK cells led to
improved infiltration and targeted elimination of MCTSs. Moreover, the application of iRGDmodified
NK cells has shown significant anti-tumor efficacy against solid tumors in vivo. This joint
strategy may significantly improve the efficacy of NK cell immunotherapy in treating various solid
tumors.
Anti-Cancer Bioactive Peptide Induces Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cells through TP53 Signaling Cascade
Authors: Suyila Qimuge , Li Xian , Su Xiulan
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Gastric cancer has emerged as one of the major diseases threatening human
health. Our previous studies indicated that the anti-cancer bioactive peptide (ACBP) inhibits
the initiation and progression of gastric cancer through apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, yet the
mechanisms remain unclear. To elucidate the relationships between the effects of ACBP and the
levels of cell differentiation, as well as the functional mechanisms of ACBP, we conducted a
study using three human gastric cancer cell lines: NCI-N87, MGC-803, and another unspecified
line.

Method:

We investigated the impact of ACBP on the survival and morphology of these cancer
cell lines, examined apoptosis and cell cycle progression, and detected the expression of TP53,
TP63, and TP73 in cancer cells, as well as the expression of Bax, PUMA, and Mcl-1 in a xenograft
mouse model. ACBP inhibited the proliferation of all three cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent
manner, similar to the positive control and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The effect of ACBP correlated
with the degree of differentiation of the cancer cells; the lower the differentiation degree, the
stronger the inhibitory effect.

Result:

After ACBP treatment, the expression of TP53, TP63, and TP73 increased in all cell lines.
In the xenograft mouse model, ACBP inhibited the growth of MGC-803 cells in vivo. The apoptotic-
related genes Bax and PUMA were upregulated, while Mcl-1 was downregulated. ACBP inhibited
tumor cell growth by inducing apoptosis through the TP53 signaling cascade, upregulating
TP53, TP63, and TP73 and their downstream apoptosis-promoting genes Bax and PUMA while
downregulating the anti-apoptotic gene Mcl-1.

Conclusion:

Notably, after ACBP treatment, Mcl-1 expression was significantly reduced in the tumor
tissue of the xenograft model, indicating that ACBP induced apoptosis through the TP53 signaling
cascade. This project provides a scientific basis for exploring the antitumor mechanism of
ACBP in gastric cancer therapy.

other:

This project provides a scientific basis for exploring the antitumor mechanism of ACBP in gastric cancer therapy.
Application of Probiotics and Postbiotics in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Mohammadpour Darya , Asadollahi Afsoon , Ozma Mahdi Asghari , Mehramuz Bahareh , Ganbarov Khudaverdi , Kafil Hossein Samadi
Published: February 2025

Neurological illnesses encompass a broad spectrum of conditions that affect the brain,
spine, and nerves, often impairing daily functioning. The global prevalence of these illnesses is
rising, posing significant health challenges. This study investigates the beneficial effects of probiotics
and postbiotics in managing various neurological disorders, providing a comprehensive
analysis of their use in treating these conditions. The article explores innovative, holistic approaches
to neurological care, emphasizing patient-centered therapeutic interventions. Compelling
evidence suggests that probiotics and postbiotics positively impact several neurological
diseases. Specifically, the findings indicate that these treatments can modulate the gut-brain axis,
reduce neuroinflammation, and enhance neuronal protection. The study highlights the potential
of specific bacteria and their byproducts to ameliorate neurological disorders. Despite promising
results, the current data underscore the challenges in future research on the therapeutic
benefits of probiotics and postbiotics for neurological illnesses and underscores the critical role
of the gut-brain connection and the microbiome in maintaining neurological health. It also examines
the safety and feasibility of using probiotics and postbiotics as adjunct therapies, delving
into the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects. Probiotics and postbiotics demonstrate a
capacity to enhance the regenerative potential of the human brain, and recent evaluations provide
additional evidence supporting their efficacy and safety. However, further rigorous clinical
trials are necessary to validate these findings and establish the most effective therapeutic strategies
for treating neurological disorders.
A Pharmacological Update of Oxadiazole Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Mohan Magesh , Rathinasamy Gandhimathi , Devarajan Bharathi , Byran Gowramma , Lakshmanan Kaviarasan
Published: February 2025

Background:

Recent advancements in the synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds,
particularly oxadiazole derivatives, have garnered significant interest due to their broad pharmacological
activities. Despite the oxadiazole ring being a relatively small structure, its derivatives have
shown considerable therapeutic potential across a range of diseases. These compounds have been
explored for a variety of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, hypoglycemic,
antitubercular, anxiolytic, antimicrobial, antitumor, and anticancer properties. The growing
issue of drug resistance has further fueled research into the therapeutic promise of oxadiazolebased
compounds, particularly for their ability to target resistant diseases

Objective:

This review aims to highlight the pharmacological profiles of oxadiazole derivatives,
with a focus on how structural modifications can enhance their activity against specific therapeutic
targets. Additionally, the review seeks to explore strategies for overcoming resistance mechanisms
associated with these compounds, underscoring their potential in addressing emerging drugresistant
diseases.

Conclusion:

Oxadiazole derivatives represent a promising class of compounds with significant
therapeutic potential, particularly in the face of increasing drug resistance. Their diverse pharmacological
activities and ability to be structurally optimized for specific therapeutic targets position
them as valuable candidates for further research. Continued exploration of oxadiazole derivatives,
with an emphasis on overcoming resistance, may lead to the development of novel treatments for a
variety of challenging diseases.
The Functional Mechanism and Structure-Activity Relationship of Antibacterial Peptides
Authors: Zhong Hanyu , chen Xingjun , Han Sili , Zhang Linglin
Published: February 2025

The escalating growth and global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance underscore
the urgency for the discovery of innovative antimicrobial agents. Antibacterial Peptides (AMPs)
have emerged as promising candidates, distinctly outperforming conventional antibiotics due to
their mitigated propensity for resistance development, expansive antibiofilm activity, and capacity
to favorably modulate host immune responses. Consequently, AMPs have garnered significant
attention in medical research circles and are anticipated to serve as novel therapeutic alternatives
in combating microbial infections, particularly those involving drug-resistant bacteria, thereby
inaugurating a novel paradigm in treatment strategies. This comprehensive review delves into the
intricate structural and physicochemical attributes of AMPs, providing a concise overview. It further
examines the advancements and anticipated clinical trajectories of AMP research, with a
pivotal focus on elucidating their antimicrobial mechanisms and the intricate interplay between
structure and activity. The aim of this review is twofold: firstly, to enhance the scientific community's
comprehension of the antimicrobial mechanisms and Structure-Activity Relationships
(SAR) across all classes of AMPs; secondly, to address existing research gaps in the SAR of
AMPs, thereby laying a solid foundation for future research endeavors and facilitating the development
of these promising therapeutic agents.
Discovery of the PARP1 Inhibitors from Natural Compounds Using Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Bioactivity Evaluation
Authors: Pan Dabo , Huang Yaxuan , Jiang Dewen , Jin Xiaojie , Wu Mingkai , Luo Jianjun , Zhang Yonghao
Published: February 2025

Background:

PARP1 (poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1, also known as ADPRT1) plays a
significant role in DNA repair and has become an attractive target for treating PARP1-related diseases,
such as cancer.

Objective:

This study aimed to discover inhibitors targeting PARP1 from the phytochemicals of
Huangbai (Phellodendron chinense Schneid.), Baixianpi (Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.), and
Shechuangzi (Cnidium monnieri (L.) Spreng.).

Methods:

The chemical compositions of Huangbai, Baixianpi, and Shechuangzi were extracted
from the HERB database. Next, a combination of molecular docking and PARP1 enzyme assay was
used to identify PARP1 inhibitors from these chemical components. Finally, molecular dynamics
simulation and binding free energy calculation were used to explore the detailed interaction mode
of these inhibitors with PARP1.

Results:

A total of 507 chemical constituents of Huangbai, Baixianpi, and Shechuangzi were collected
from the HERB database. Four potential PARP1 inhibitors were screened based on molecular
docking and PARP1 enzyme assay. Demethyleneberberine exhibited strong PARP1 inhibitory
activity with an IC50 value of 2.0 ± 0.8 μM. The IC50 values of the inhibitory activities of 8-hydroxy
dictanmnine, meranzin hydrate, and osthol on PARP1 ranged from 44 μM to 76 μM. Molecular
dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation suggested that the nonpolar interaction
energies of HIS862, GLY863, TYR889, TYR896, PHE897, and TYR907 played a primary role in
the binding of inhibitors to PARP1.

Conclusion:

Integrating molecular simulation and bioactivity testing was found to be an effective
approach for the rapid discovery of targeted PARP1 inhibitors. Demethyleneberberine demonstrated
strong PRAP1 inhibitory activity and has a good prospect for development.
Advances in Sources, Content Determination, and Bioactivity of 20α-Hydroxyprogesterone
Authors: Li Liangyun , Yan Shujing , Cheng Yuexuan , Zhong Chunhong , Chen Chunli , Gao Xiaoli
Published: February 2025

20α-hydroxyprogesterone [(20S)-20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, 20α-DHP] is one of the
endogenous metabolites of progesterone (Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, P4) and a steroid hormone. The
literature related to 20α-DHP mainly concentrates on the years from the 1950s to 1970s, and a review
of 20α-DHP has not been conducted. In this work, the endogenous and exogenous sources of
20α-DHP are introduced, and methods for determining 20α-DHP in biological samples are described.
The biological activities of 20α-DHP are summarized in detail, including the maintenance
of pregnancy, endometrial protection, regulation of hormone secretion, ovulation promotion,
uterine epithelial cell proliferation, antagonism of breast cancer, and as a diagnostic indicator for
psoriasis and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Finally, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 20α-
DHP are briefly introduced to provide a reference for the further development and utilization of
20α-DHP.
ICPi-Induced Graves' Disease with Pre-existing Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Xinpan , Chen Doudou , Shi Yun , Yang Tao , Zheng Xuqin
Published: February 2025

Background:

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICPi) therapy has revolutionized cancer
treatment but can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAE), including thyroid dysfunction.
The impact of ICPi on patients with pre-existing autoimmune thyroid diseases (PATD), particularly
the development of Graves' disease, remains poorly understood.

Case Description:

We provide the first complete case of Graves' disease with ICPi therapy in a patient
who already had Hashimoto's thyroiditis.. The patient, a 52-year-old male, was diagnosed
with lung adenocarcinoma and received Atezolizumab. Clinical evaluation revealed hyperthyroidism,
confirmed by elevated thyroid hormones and autoantibodies (TRAb and TSAb). The patient
was managed with methimazole and demonstrated a transient hyperthyroid phase followed
by persistent hypothyroidism. Only 16 confirmed cases of Graves' disease induced by ICPi were
reported. We conducted a review to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis
trends associated with ICPi-induced Graves disease in PTAD patients. Additionally, changes
in thyroid function and autoantibodies during and after ICPi treatment are examined.

Conclusion:

This case underscores the importance of monitoring thyroid function and autoantibodies
in patients with PATD undergoing ICPi therapy. The findings suggest distinct differences
in the humoral immune response between ICPi-induced and spontaneous Graves' disease, necessitating
further research into autoantibody dynamics and their relationship with cellular immunity in
these patients.
Refractive Index Sensor Using Photonic Serial Loop Structures
Authors: El-Aouni Mimoun , Ben-Ali Youssef , Rahou Zakarea , Driss Bria
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

This work presents a theoretical and numerical approach to the design of a
highly sensitive refractive index sensor operating in the visible spectrum. The proposed sensor features
a simple configuration utilizing serial loop structures that can support defect modes within the
photonic bandgap.

Methods:

These defect modes arise from the introduction of geometric and material imperfections
at the loop level of the structure. By employing continuous medium interface response theory, we
calculate the Green function for composite systems, enabling the determination of dispersion relations
and transmission rates.

Results:

Numerical simulations indicate that the sensor achieves a remarkable sensitivity of S
=1090 nm/RIU and a detection limit DL = 7.10-3 RIU. The quality factor Q of the sensor demonstrates
distinct characteristics, exhibiting a high sensitivity to minute variations in refractive index.

Conclusion:

These results show that the structure we have designed is suitable for applications such
as biosensors, gas detectors and medical diagnostic devices.
Ameliorating Paraquat-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Protective Effects of Nanocurcumin on Renal Histology and Molecular Pathways
Authors: Moghaddam Davood Ahmadi , Rahimi Mehdi , Kheiripour Nejat , Sadeghian Zohre , Asl Sara Soleymani , Azizi Zahra , Ranjbar Akram
Published: February 2025

Background:

Paraquat (PQ) is a common herbicide, and its mortality results from injury
to several organs, including the kidneys. Nanocurcumin and curcumin have anti-inflammatory and
anti-oxidative activities, but their involvement in PQ-induced kidney damage is unclear. Therefore,
the goal of our study was to compare nanocurcumin and curcumin in male rats whose kidneys were
damaged by PQ.

Method:

42 eight-week male albino Wistar rats were put into six groups at random as control, control
+ curcumin, control + nanocurcumin, PQ, PQ + curcumin, PQ + nanocurcumin for 7 days. The
kidney tissues and serum were collected at the end of this period. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC),
lipid peroxidation (LPO), total thiol Molecule (TTM), urea, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen
(BUN) levels were assessed. The histopathological evaluation of kidney damage was performed at
the end of our study. Moreover, the gene expression was assessed by biochemical and Reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.

Result:

Curcumin and nanocurcumin administration alleviated PQ-induced renal injury, as evidenced
by reduced serum creatinine and BUN levels. The levels of antioxidant markers, like TAC
and TTM, increased and decreased the levels of oxidative stress indexes like LPO. Furthermore, our
result shows up-regulating the expression of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2), NAD (P) H: quinine oxidoreductase
1 (NQO1), Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and down-regulating the expression of Kelchlike
ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1) in renal tissue.

Conclusion:

Niosomal curcumin was more advantageous than ordinary curcumin in lowering oxidative
stress and renal tissue damage induced by paraquat intoxication.
Tool Condition Monitoring Using Artificial Intelligence in Machining: An Application Directed towards Industry 4.0
Authors: Tamang Santosh Kumar , Teyi N. , Mishra Madhusudhan , T Mythili , R Thanigaivelan
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

In response to the growing demand for machining process automation,
both academic and industry experts have prioritized real-time tool condition monitoring. However,
this approach has been difficult previously owing to several known and unknown machining parameters,
as well as difficult working circumstances, such as high temperatures and pressure. Inprocess
condition monitoring and real-time process optimization have become easier because of
developments in sensor and digital technologies. These processes are now very precise, reliable,
and efficient.

Method:

This paper presents a comprehensive solution for monitoring machining systems, introducing
an Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) framework that leverages integrated
sensory data to detect and predict flaws and wear issues in cutting tools. In the present work,
the time series data from CNC motors (in the X, Y, and Z axes and the spindle) recorded during 18
machining tests at 100 ms sampling rate were used for training and testing the system. The experimental
data reported the tool condition, whether worn or unworn.

Results:

Data pre-processing involved importing essential libraries, converting non-numerical labels
to numerical ones, and removing irrelevant columns. With feed rate and clamp pressure specified,
a correlation heatmap indicated important features for tool condition prediction. Two classification
algorithms have been implemented, i.e., decision tree and logistic regression models. Further,
the adequacy of the models was compared based on tool condition prediction.

Conclusion:

Logistic regression demonstrated superior predictive performance compared to decision
tree, establishing it as the preferred model for this analysis. Model performance was evaluated
through training and testing with a 70/30 dataset split. Logistic regression effectively predicted tool
condition as either worn or unworn based on input parameters of feed rate and clamp pressure.