bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The integrity of process: Is inner transition sufficient?
Authors: Power Clare
Published: May 2016

The Transition movement is based on the notion that peak oil, climate change and the precarious economic situation cause the greatest potential disruptions to human society and therefore require a pre-emptive response. As such its focus is on proactively creating a future in local communities that meets people‘s psychological and physical needs rather than reacting to the crises that seem imminent. This paper draws on research into the Transition movement in the Australian context that considers the role of inner Transition which is one of the features that differentiates Transition from other movements for change. However, inner Transition has tended to be marginalised in the movement, because ultimately, action oriented outcomes take precedence over the often difficult work associated with group dynamics and relational experiences associated with inner Transition, even though they can affect the carriage and outcomes of activities and projects. The privileging of outer over inner Transition and action over process is a reflection of broader society’s grappling with the human dynamics inherent in any process of change. Where such concerns are unproblematised, this raises questions about the extent to which movements replicate existing paradigms and structures or take a prefigurative approach and challenge and re-imagine them in their practice.
SAVREMENE KOMUNIKATIVNE STRATEGIJE POLITIČKIH PARTIJA
Authors: Kalinić Zoran
Published: May 2016

U nadmetanju političkih partija u državama nastalim nakon raspada Jugoslavije, odavno više nije dovoljno imati samo bolje koncepte, prikazati ciljeve,programske politike, odluke i ličnosti koje će takvu politiku provoditi, već se moraju poznavati pravila medijske demokratije. U procesu demokratizacije zemalja exJugoslavije, važno je da političke partije razvijaju ambijent u kojem se obezbjeđuju efikasno dvostrano komuniciranje i povjerenje šire javnosti. Odsustvo efektivne komunikacije u javnosti najčešće stvara samo iskrivljenu sliku političkih institucija i ojačava određene predrasude o demokratiji. Autor u radu iznosi ključne koncepte razvoja strategije političkog komuniciranja savremenih političkih partija u javnosti sakojima one imaju potrebu, ali i obavezu širenja raznovrsnih sadržaja usmjerenih, prije svega, na utvrđivanje jasnih ciljeva koji se žele postići u društvu. U takvim uslovima izbor strategije političkog djelovanja i komuniciranja sa javnošću igra ključnu ulogu u realizaciji političkih ciljeva.
Role of surface-reaction layer in HBr/fluorocarbon-based plasma with nitrogen addition formed by high-aspect-ratio etching of polycrystalline silicon and SiO2 stacks
Authors: Iwase Taku , Matsui Miyako , Yokogawa Kenetsu , Arase Takao , Mori Masahito
Published: May 2016

The etching of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si)/SiO2 stacks by using VHF plasma was studied for three-dimensional NAND fabrication. One critical goal is achieving both a vertical profile and high throughput for multiple-stack etching. While the conventional process consists of multiple steps for each stacked layer, in this study, HBr/fluorocarbon-based gas chemistry was investigated to achieve a single-step etching process to reduce process time. By analyzing the dependence on wafer temperature, we improved both the etching profile and rate at a low temperature. The etching mechanism is examined considering the composition of the surface reaction layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the adsorption of N–H and Br was enhanced at a low temperature, resulting in a reduced carbon-based-polymer thickness and enhanced Si etching. Finally, a vertical profile was obtained as a result of the formation of a thin and reactive surface-reaction layer at a low wafer temperature.
Generation of obliquely incident ions using phase-shifted RF voltages applied on rod electrodes
Authors: Ui Akio , Sato Yosuke , Sasaki Toshiyuki , Sakai Itsuko , Hayashi Hisataka
Published: May 2016

A new method of generating obliquely incident ions has been investigated. A plasma system with a cathode consisting of a repetition of a group of four electrode rods connected to their respective RF power supplies is proposed. The ion angular distribution (IAD) is controlled by modulating the phase shift of the four RF powers. The IAD of an argon high-density plasma was analyzed on the basis of transient plasma simulation. When the RF voltages are controlled so that the phase shift is π/2, a convex-shaped plasma sheath corresponding to each group of four rods appears and propagates parallel to the wafer with time. By propagating this “wavy” sheath, a bimodal IAD consisting of ions obliquely incident mainly from two directions are obtained nearly uniformly across the wafer. This method is capable of generating obliquely incident ions, which is expected to be effective as an additional knob for precise profile control in fine-pattern reactive-ion etching (RIE).
Sequence/structural analysis of xylem proteome emphasizes pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinases andβ-1, 3-glucanases as key players in grapevine defense againstXylella fastidiosa
Authors: Chakraborty Sandeep , Nascimento Rafael , Zaini Paulo A. , Gouran Hossein , Rao Basuthkar J. , Goulart Luiz R. , Dandekar Abhaya M.
Published: May 2016

Background.Xylella fastidiosa, the causative agent of various plant diseases including Pierce’s disease in the US, and Citrus Variegated Chlorosis in Brazil, remains a continual source of concern and economic losses, especially since almost all commercial varieties are sensitive to this Gammaproteobacteria. Differential expression of proteins in infected tissue is an established methodology to identify key elements involved in plant defense pathways.

Methods. In the current work, we developed a methodology named CHURNER that emphasizes relevant protein functions from proteomic data, based on identification of proteins with similar structures that do not necessarily have sequence homology. Such clustering emphasizes protein functions which have multiple copies that are up/down-regulated, and highlights similar proteins which are differentially regulated. As a working example we present proteomic data enumerating differentially expressed proteins in xylem sap from grapevines that were infected withX. fastidiosa.

Results. Analysis of this data by CHURNER highlighted pathogenesis related PR-1 proteins, reinforcing this as the foremost protein function in xylem sap involved in the grapevine defense response toX. fastidiosa.β-1, 3-glucanase, which has both anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities, is also up-regulated. Simultaneously, chitinases are found to be both up and down-regulated by CHURNER, and thus the net gain of this protein function loses its significance in the defense response.

Discussion. We demonstrate how structural data can be incorporated in the pipeline of proteomic data analysis prior to making inferences on the importance of individual proteins to plant defense mechanisms. We expect CHURNER to be applicable to any proteomic data set.
SigmoID: a user-friendly tool for improving bacterial genome annotation through analysis of transcription control signals
Authors: Nikolaichik Yevgeny , Damienikan Aliaksandr U.
Published: May 2016

The majority of bacterial genome annotations are currently automated and based on a ‘gene by gene’ approach. Regulatory signals and operon structures are rarely taken into account which often results in incomplete and even incorrect gene function assignments. Here we present SigmoID, a cross-platform (OS X, Linux and Windows) open-source application aiming at simplifying the identification of transcription regulatory sites (promoters, transcription factor binding sites and terminators) in bacterial genomes and providing assistance in correcting annotations in accordance with regulatory information. SigmoID combines a user-friendly graphical interface to well known command line tools with a genome browser for visualising regulatory elements in genomic context. Integrated access to online databases with regulatory information (RegPrecise and RegulonDB) and web-based search engines speeds up genome analysis and simplifies correction of genome annotation. We demonstrate some features of SigmoID by constructing a series of regulatory protein binding site profiles for two groups of bacteria: Soft RotEnterobacteriaceae(PectobacteriumandDickeyaspp.) andPseudomonasspp. Furthermore, we inferred over 900 transcription factor binding sites and alternative sigma factor promoters in the annotated genome ofPectobacterium atrosepticum. These regulatory signals control putative transcription units covering about 40% of theP. atrosepticumchromosome. Reviewing the annotation in cases where it didn’t fit with regulatory information allowed us to correct product and gene names for over 300 loci.
Temporal regulation of proteome profile in the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Subramanian Perumal , Jayapalan Jaime J. , Abdul-Rahman Puteri S. , Arumugam Manjula , Hashim Onn H.
Published: May 2016

Background.Diurnal rhythms of protein synthesis controlled by the biological clock underlie the rhythmic physiology in the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we conducted a proteome-wide investigation of rhythmic protein accumulation inD. melanogaster.

Materials and Methods.Total protein collected from fly samples harvested at 4 h intervals over the 24 h period were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, trypsin digestion and MS/MS analysis. Protein spots/clusters were identified with MASCOT search engine and Swiss-Prot database. Expression of proteins was documented as percentage of volume contribution using the Image Master 2D Platinum software.

Results.A total of 124 protein spots/clusters were identified using MS/MS analysis. Significant variation in the expression of 88 proteins over the 24-h period was observed. A relatively higher number of proteins was upregulated during the night compared to the daytime. The complexity of temporal regulation of theD. melanogasterproteome was further reflected from functional annotations of the differently expressed proteins, with those that were upregulated at night being restricted to the heat shock proteins and proteins involved in metabolism, muscle activity, protein synthesis/folding/degradation and apoptosis, whilst those that were overexpressed in the daytime were apparently involved in metabolism, muscle activity, ion-channel/cellular transport, protein synthesis/folding/degradation, redox homeostasis, development and transcription.

Conclusion.Our data suggests that a wide range of proteins synthesized by the fruit fly,D. melanogaster, is under the regulation of the biological clock.
Identification of four plastid‐localized protein kinases
Authors: Richter Andreas S. , Gartmann Hans , Fechler Mona , Rödiger Anja , Baginsky Sacha , Grimm Bernhard
Published: May 2016

In chloroplasts, protein phosphorylation regulates important processes, including metabolism, photosynthesis, gene expression, and signaling. Because the hitherto known plastid protein kinases represent only a fraction of existing kinases, we aimed at the identification of novel plastid‐localized protein kinases that potentially phosphorylate enzymes of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis (TBS) pathway. We screened publicly available databases for proteins annotated as putative protein kinase family proteins with predicted chloroplast localization. Additionally, we analyzed chloroplast fractions which were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation by mass spectrometry. We identified four new candidates for protein kinases, which were confirmed to be plastid localized by expression of GFP‐fusion proteins in tobacco leaves. A phosphorylation assay with the purified kinases confirmed the protein kinase activity for two of them.
Observations of energetic particle escape at the magnetopause: Early results from the MMS Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS)
Authors: Cohen I. J. , Mauk B. H. , Anderson B. J. , Westlake J. H. , Sibeck D. G. , Giles B. L. , Pollock C. J. , Turner D. L. , Fennell J. F. , Blake J. B. , Clemmons J. H. , Jaynes A. N. , Baker D. N. , Craft J. V. , Spence H. E. , Niehof J. T. , Reeves G. D. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Magnes W. , Trattner K. J. , Fuselier S. A. , Burch J. L.
Published: May 2016

Energetic (greater than tens of keV) magnetospheric particle escape into the magnetosheath occurs commonly, irrespective of conditions that engender reconnection and boundary‐normal magnetic fields. A signature observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, simultaneous monohemispheric streaming of multiple species (electrons, H+, Hen+), is reported here as unexpectedly common in the dayside, dusk quadrant of the magnetosheath even though that region is thought to be drift‐shadowed from energetic electrons. This signature is sometimes part of a pitch angle distribution evolving from symmetric in the magnetosphere, to asymmetric approaching the magnetopause, to monohemispheric streaming in the magnetosheath. While monohemispheric streaming in the magnetosheath may be possible without a boundary‐normal magnetic field, the additional pitch angle depletion, particularly of electrons, on the magnetospheric side requires one. Observations of this signature in the dayside dusk sector imply that the static picture of magnetospheric drift‐shadowing is inappropriate for energetic particle dynamics in the outer magnetosphere.
Thick escaping magnetospheric ion layer in magnetopause reconnection with MMS observations
Authors: Nagai T. , Kitamura N. , Hasegawa H. , Shinohara I. , Yokota S. , Saito Y. , Nakamura R. , Giles B. L. , Pollock C. , Moore T. E. , Dorelli J. C. , Gershman D. J. , Paterson W. R. , Avanov L. A. , Chandler M. O. , Coffey V. , Sauvaud J. A. , Lavraud B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Oka M. , Genestreti K. J. , Burch J. L.
Published: May 2016

The structure of asymmetric magnetopause reconnection is explored with multiple point and high‐time‐resolution ion velocity distribution observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. On 9 September 2015, reconnection took place at the magnetopause, which separated the magnetosheath and the magnetosphere with a density ratio of 25:2. The magnetic field intensity was rather constant, even higher in the asymptotic magnetosheath. The reconnected field line region had a width of approximately 540 km. In this region, streaming and gyrating ions are discriminated. The large extension of the reconnected field line region toward the magnetosheath can be identified where a thick layer of escaping magnetospheric ions was formed. The scale of the magnetosheath side of the reconnected field line region relative to the scale of its magnetospheric side was 4.5:1.
First multipoint in situ observations of electron microbursts: Initial results from the NSF FIREBIRD II mission
Authors: Crew Alexander B. , Spence Harlan E. , Blake J. Bernard , Klumpar David M. , Larsen Brian A. , O'Brien T. Paul , Driscoll Shane , Handley Matthew , Legere Jason , Longworth Stephen , Mashburn Keith , Mosleh Ehson , Ryhajlo Nicholas , Smith Sonya , Springer Larry , Widholm Mark
Published: May 2016

We present initial dual spacecraft observations that for the first time both constrain the spatial scale size and provide spectral properties at medium energies of electron microbursts. We explore individual microburst events that occurred on 2 February 2015 using simultaneous observations made by the twin CubeSats which comprise the National Science Foundation (NSF) Focused Investigations of Relativistic Electron Bursts: Intensity, Range, and Dynamics (FIREBIRD II). During these microburst events, the two identically instrumented FIREBIRD II CubeSats were separated by as little as 11 km while traversing electron precipitation regions in low‐Earth orbit. These coincident microburst events map to size scales >120 km at the equator. Given the prevalence of coincident and noncoincident events we conclude that this is of the same order of magnitude as that of the spatial scale size of electron microburst, an unknown property that is critical for quantifying their overall role in radiation belt dynamics. Finally, we present measurements of electron microbursts showing that precipitation often occurs simultaneously across a broad energy range spanning 200 keV to 1 MeV, a new form of empirical evidence that provides additional insights into the physics of microburst generation mechanisms.
Half‐Cell and Full‐Cell Applications of Highly Stable and Binder‐Free Sodium Ion Batteries Based on Cu3P Nanowire Anodes
Authors: Fan Mouping , Chen Yu , Xie Yihao , Yang Tingzhou , Shen Xiaowei , Xu Na , Yu Haiying , Yan Chenglin
Published: May 2016

Sodium‐ion battery (SIB) is especially attractive in cost‐effective energy storage device as an alternative to lithium‐ion battery. Particularly, metal phosphides as potential anodes for SIBs have recently been demonstrated owing to their higher specific capacities compared with those of carbonaceous materials. Unfortunately, most reported metal phosphides consist of irregular particles ranged from several hundreds nanometers to tens of micrometers, thus delivering limited cyclic stability. This paper reports the sodium storage properties of additive‐free Cu3P nanowire (CPNW) anode directly grown on copper current collector via an in situ growth followed by phosphidation method. Therefore, as a result of its structure features, CPNW anode demonstrates highly stable cycling ability with an ≈70% retention in capacity at the 260th cycle, whereas most reported metal phosphides have limited cycle numbers ranged between 30 and 150. Besides, the reaction mechanism between Cu3P and Na is investigated by examining the intermediate products at different charge/discharge stages using ex situ X‐ray diffraction measurements. Furthermore, to explore the practical application of CPNW anode, a pouch‐type Na+ full cell consisting of CPNW anode and Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode is assembled and characterized. As a demonstration, a 10 cm × 10 cm light‐emmiting diode (LED) screen is successfully powered by the Na+ full cell.
Determinants Affecting Adoption of GLOBALG.A.P. Standards: A Choice Experiment in Thai Horticulture
Authors: Lippe Rattiya Suddeephong , Grote Ulrike
Published: May 2016

The present study employed a choice experiment to forecast the adoption of private GLOBALG.A.P. standards among Thai horticultural producers. It is based on primary data from 400 orchid and mango producers from the major production areas in Thailand. Mixed logit model estimations show that producers with higher levels of education and awareness about environmental and social requirements are more likely to adopt GLOBALG.A.P. standards. Prior experience in high‐value market channels and with public Good Agricultural Practice standards are also crucial factors that motivate producers to adopt GLOBALG.A.P. standards. However, certification costs and time needed for record keeping and training are major adoption barriers. Against this background, we propose more education and stakeholder workshops to increase the likelihood of adoption among Thai horticultural producers. The formation of regular discussion groups would allow fruitful interaction among producers and with advisors, eventually providing vital links between implementation of standards and day‐to‐day farm practices. [EconLit citation: Q13].
DNA methylation at stress‐related genes is associated with exposure to early life institutionalization
Authors: Non Amy L. , Hollister Brittany M. , Humphreys Kathryn L. , Childebayeva Ainash , Esteves Kyle , Zeanah Charles H. , Fox Nathan A. , Nelson Charles A. , Drury Stacy S.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

Differences in DNA methylation have been associated with early life adversity, suggesting that alterations in methylation function as one pathway through which adverse early environments are biologically embedded. This study examined associations between exposure to institutional care, quantified as the proportion of time in institutional care at specified follow‐up assessment ages, and DNA methylation status in two stress‐related genes: FKBP5 and SLC6A4.

Materials and Methods

We analyzed data from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, which is a prospective study in which children reared in institutional settings were randomly assigned (mean age 22 months) to either newly created foster care or care as usual (to remain in their current placement) and prospectively followed. A group of children from the same geographic area, with no history of institutionalized caregiving, were also recruited. DNA methylation status was determined in DNA extracted from buccal epithelial cells of children at age 12.

Results

An inverse association was identified such that more time spent in institutional care was associated with lower DNA methylation at specific CpG sites within both genes.

Discussion

These results suggest a lasting impact of early severe social deprivation on methylation patterns in these genes, and contribute to a growing literature linking early adversity and epigenetic variation in children. Am J Phys Anthropol 161:84–93, 2016.. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of an oligomer polyol and monomers on the structure and properties of core–shell polyurethane–poly(n‐butyl acrylate‐co‐styrene) hybrid emulsions
Authors: Wu Tao , Xin Xiulan , Liu Hongqin , Xu Baocai , Yu Xiaoyan
Published: May 2016

The free‐radical polymerization of alkenyl‐terminated polyurethane dispersions with styrene and n‐butyl acrylate was performed to obtain a series of stable polyurethane–poly(n‐butyl acrylate‐co‐styrene) (PUA) hybrid emulsions. The core–shell structure of the emulsions was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the microstructure was studied by 1H‐NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the poly(propylene glycol)s (number‐average molecular weights = 1000, 1500, and 2000 Da) and the mass ratios of polyurethane to poly(n‐butyl acrylate‐co‐styrene) (PBS; 50/50, 40/60, 30/70, 20/80, and 10/90) on the structure, morphology, and properties of the PUAs were investigated. The average particle size and water absorption values of the PUAs increased with increasing of PBS content. However, the surface tension decreased from 34.61 to 30.29 mN/m. PUA‐2, with a bimodal distribution, showed Newtonian liquid behaviors, and PUA‐3 showed a great thermal stability, fast drying characteristics, and excellent adhesion to packaging films. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43763.
Sorption behavior of reactive dyed labelled fibroin on fibrous substrates
Authors: Ngo Ha‐Thanh , Bechtold Thomas
Published: May 2016

Through its biocompatibility, fibroin is of high interest as a material in medical and pharmaceutical applications. Shaping by dissolution in concentrated salt solutions e.g., calcium chloride/ethanol/water and regeneration include structure formation through coagulation, crystallization, and deposition of Ca‐complexes. To facilitate analytical monitoring of fibroin during the dissolution and regeneration, fibroin was marked by covalently bound reactive dyes. Fibroin dyed by the mono‐functional CI Reactive Blue 19 dissolved completely, the bifunctional CI Reactive Black 5 formed crosslinks between protein chains, thus only fiber swelling was observed. The CI Reactive Blue 19 labelled fibroin was used to monitor the sorption and deposition of fibroin on textile fibers polyamide 6.6, polyester and viscose. The results indicated a temperature and pH‐dependent sorption behavior. The highest sorption was observed on polyamide at pH 3 and 60 °C. Dye marked fibroin allows a simple assessment and optimization of regeneration processes for the coating of textile substrates. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43880.
Unraveling the Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibition, Anticancer, and Antileishmanial Potential of Coumarin–Triazolothiadiazine Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Analysis
Authors: Ibrar Aliya , Zaib Sumera , Jabeen Farukh , Iqbal Jamshed , Saeed Aamer
Published: May 2016

A series of new coumarin–triazolothiadiazine hybrid compounds (5a–j) was designed and synthesized by using the molecular hybridization concept. The cyclocondensation reaction involves the coumarinyl 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole and a range of bromo‐acetophenones, delivering the desired products in good yields. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established on the basis of spectro‐analytical data. The prepared compounds were evaluated against alkaline phosphatase (ALP) where compound 5j incorporating bis‐coumarinyl motifs at the 3‐ and 6‐positions of the heteroaromatic core turned out to be a potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.15 ± 1.0 µM. The synthesized compounds were also tested against Leishmania major and 5h was the lead member with an IC50 value of 0.89 ± 0.08 μM. Anticancer activity was also determined using kidney fibroblast (BHK‐21) and lung carcinoma (H‐157) cancer cell lines. Compound 5i showed highest cytotoxic potential against H‐157 cells with an IC50 value of 1.01 ± 0.12 μM, which is an improved inhibition compared to the standards (vincristine and cisplatin) used in this assay. Molecular docking studies were carried out on the synthesized library of coumarin–triazolothiadiazine hybrids against ALP. Almost all of the compounds showed strong interactions with the key residues of the active site of the receptor. In case of compounds 5a–c, 5h, and 5j, docking results positively complemented the experimental screening. These results provided substantial evidence for the further development of these compounds as potent inhibitors of ALP.
Clinical and Imaging Signs of Spondyloarthritis in First‐Degree Relatives of HLA–B27–Positive Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients: The Pre‐Spondyloarthritis (Pre‐SpA) Cohort Study
Authors: Turina Maureen C. , de Winter Janneke J. , Paramarta Jacky E. , Gamala Mihaela , Yeremenko Nataliya , Nabibux Marita N. , Landewé Robert , Baeten Dominique L.
Published: May 2016

Objective

To investigate whether seemingly healthy first‐degree relatives of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have clinical, laboratory, or imaging features of spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Methods

First‐degree relatives (ages 18–40 years) of HLA–B27–positive AS patients were included in the pre‐spondyloarthritis (Pre‐SpA) cohort, a prospective inception cohort study. Clinical, biologic, and imaging features were recorded. First‐degree relatives were classified according to several sets of SpA classification criteria.

Results

We report baseline features of 51 first‐degree relatives included in this study. Twenty‐nine (57%) had back pain, 2 (4%) had psoriasis, 1 (2%) had inflammatory bowel disease, and 1 (2%) had uveitis. Three (6%) had low‐grade sacroiliitis, 1 (2%) had cervical syndesmophytes on radiography, and 10 (20%) had bone marrow edema on magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliiac joints. Seventeen of 51 first‐degree relatives (33%) fulfilled SpA classification criteria: 7 (14%) fulfilled both Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) axial SpA and European Spondylarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) classification criteria, 6 (12%) fulfilled only ASAS axial SpA classification criteria, and 4 (8%) fulfilled only ESSG classification criteria; 3 (6%) also fulfilled the Amor criteria. None fulfilled other SpA classification criteria. First‐degree relatives fulfilling the ASAS axial SpA and/or ESSG classification criteria had more frequent inflammatory back pain, had a higher level of disease activity, and had more psoriasis. No differences were found in parameters of inflammation, peripheral and extraarticular disease other than psoriasis, and HLA–B27 positivity between those who did and those who did not fulfill the ASAS axial SpA and/or ESSG classification criteria. Four first‐degree relatives (12%) who did not fulfill the ASAS axial SpA and/or ESSG classification criteria had imaging abnormalities suggestive of SpA.

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of seemingly healthy first‐degree relatives of HLA–B27–positive AS patients have clinical and/or imaging abnormalities suggestive of SpA. Thirty‐three percent could be classified as having SpA. Further follow‐up will show which first‐degree relatives will develop clinically manifest SpA.
Let the substrate flow, not the enzyme: Practical immobilization of d‐amino acid oxidase in a glass microreactor for effective biocatalytic conversions
Authors: Bolivar Juan M. , Tribulato Marco A. , Petrasek Zdenek , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: May 2016

Exploiting enzymes for chemical synthesis in flow microreactors necessitates their reuse for multiple rounds of conversion. To achieve this goal, immobilizing the enzymes on microchannel walls is a promising approach, but practical methods for it are lacking. Using fusion to a silica‐binding module to engineer enzyme adsorption to glass surfaces, we show convenient immobilization of d‐amino acid oxidase on borosilicate microchannel plates. In confocal laser scanning microscopy, channel walls appeared uniformly coated with target protein. The immobilized enzyme activity was in the range expected for monolayer coverage of the plain surface with oxidase (2.37 × 10−5 nmol/mm2). Surface attachment of the enzyme was completely stable under flow. The operational half‐life of the immobilized oxidase (25°C, pH 8.0; soluble catalase added) was 40 h. Enzymatic oxidation of d‐Met into α‐keto‐γ‐(methylthio)butyric acid was characterized in single‐pass and recycle reactor configurations, employing in‐line measurement of dissolved O2, and off‐line determination of the keto‐acid product. Reaction‐diffusion time‐scale analysis for different flow conditions showed that the heterogeneously catalyzed reaction was always slower than diffusion of O2 to the solid surface (DaII ≤ 0.3). Potential of the microreactor for intensifying O2‐dependent biotransformations restricted by mass transfer in conventional reactors is thus revealed. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2342–2349. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A miniature shock wave driven micro‐jet injector for needle‐free vaccine/drug delivery
Authors: Battula Nithin , Menezes Viren , Hosseini Hamid
Published: May 2016

This article presents a miniature shock wave driven micro‐jet generator to deliver liquid drugs into human skin, to a controlled depth, with minimal invasion. The device can release the vaccine/drug to the depth of dermal blood vessels, without breaching much of the microcirculation system of dermis. The drug delivery technique is needle‐free, which can reduce pain, trauma, and contamination besides minimal dosage and systemic exposure. The device can also be used to deliver liquid or colloidal drugs into soft tissues in human. The mechanical analyses of the device were carried out by analyzing the strength of the impulse of the shock wave, measuring the velocity of the generated jet and capturing the pressure exerted by the jet on the target. The penetrating ability of the jet was investigated by delivering it into sample of human skin and gelatin slabs. Theoretical analyses were carried out on the physics of the delivery and the predicted results had a close agreement with the experimental observations. The development can offer an important cost‐effective solution to needle‐free health care worldwide. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2507–2512. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mobile device based test tool for optimization algorithms
Authors: İlhan İlhan
Published: May 2016

Optimization can be defined as the operation of finding the best solution for a problem. This operation is performed by changing the initial parameters using existing data. There are various optimization algorithms to solve these kinds of problems; however, it cannot be expected that all optimization algorithms offer a proper and effective solution to all optimization problems. Therefore, it is necessary to select the proper algorithm by using similar benchmark functions to the problem, and to determine the best parameter values for the selected algorithm. In this study, a test tool that can run on the devices using the Windows, OS X, Android, and IOS operating systems was developed for eight different optimization algorithms: genetic, artificial immune, differential evolution, particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing, tabu search, artificial bee colony, and ant colony optimization algorithms. Six Hump Camel Back, Rastrigin, Shubert, Schwefel, and Drop Wave were the preferred benchmark functions. Special user defined special functions were also permitted. The developed test tool was tested for all the optimization algorithms in different platforms. In spite of the small differences in the running times, the results show that the tool can easily be used in Windows, OS X, Android, and IOS devices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:744–754, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21747
The wise radialist's guide to optimal transfemoral access: Selection, performance, and troubleshooting
Authors: Azzalini Lorenzo , Jolicœur E. Marc
Published: May 2016

Transradial access (TRA) has reduced vascular access‐site complication (VASC) and bleeding rates in patients undergoing coronary angiography and intervention. A “radial‐first” approach should be adopted and indications of TRA extended in order to maximize its beneficial effect. However, in certain clinical scenarios, transfemoral access (TFA) is a preferable or a mandatory route to successfully perform the procedure. Since the widespread adoption of TRA, a paradoxical increase in VASC rates has been observed in patients undergoing TFA, which might be attributed to a combination of increased risk profile of both the procedures and the patients, and a loss of skills in securing TFA by those who are now default radial operators. In the present article we provide recommendations on how to optimize patient selection for TRA and TFA, how to manage access site crossover, and how to perform state‐of‐the‐art femoral artery puncture. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cage‐to‐Cage Cascade Transformations
Authors: Bandi Sreenivasulu , Chand Dillip Kumar
Published: May 2016

A series of Pd2L4‐type binuclear self‐assembled coordination cages (1–4), where L stands for a nonchelating bidentate ligand, were prepared. The strategies adopted for the synthesis of the cages were: combination of PdII with 1) a selected ligand or 2) subcomponents of the ligand. Highly efficient cage‐to‐cage transformation reactions are demonstrated by suitable covalent modification (from 1 to 2 or 3 or 4) or ligand‐exchange reactions (from 1 to 2 or 3 or 4; from 2 to 3 or 4). Thus, new cascade transformations (from 1 to 2 to 3; from 1 to 2 to 4) are achieved beautifully.
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Structure of Trisilver(I) Amidosulfate Monohydrate, Ag3SO3N·H2O,
Authors: BELAJ F. , KRATKY C. , NACHBAUR E. , POPITSCH A.
Published: May 2016

is determined at 20 °C. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system ( P21/n, Z = 8).
ChemInform Abstract: Infrared Study of Structural and Compositional Changes in Orthorhombic Hydrogen Molybdenum Bronze, H0.3MoO3, by Heating in Vacuo.
Authors: OHNO T. , MIYATA H. , HATAYAMA F. , SOTANI N.
Published: May 2016

During heating, orthorhombic H0.3MoO3 decomposes to a nonstoichiometric compound with the rhombic MoO3 structure (see scheme).
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Relations in the Ti‐Mo‐S System: The Structures of (Mo1‐xTix)2 + yS3 and Ti3Mo3/4S5.
Authors: WADA H. , ONODA M.
Published: May 2016

The 1300 °C isothermal section of the Ti‐Mo‐S phase diagram has been determined and the ternary compounds shown in the scheme are observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Compatibilities in the System Y2O3‐BaO‐CuO at 950 °C.
Authors: FRASE K. G. , LINIGER E. G. , CLARKE D. R.
Published: May 2016

Compatibility regions in the pseudoternary title system have been determined at 950 °C indicating the existence of a new ternary compound, YBa3Cu2Ox.
ChemInform Abstract: Beryllium(II) Hydrolysis in 3.0 mol dm‐3 Perchlorate.
Authors: BRUNO J.
Published: May 2016

The complex‐formation equilibria in the Be(II)‐H2O system have been studied by e.m.f. methods, using a coulometric titration technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐State Volumes in Solvent Exchange. Water Exchange on the Aqueous Aquapentaammineruthenium(III) Ion.
Authors: DOINE H. , ISHIHARA K. , KROUSE H. R. , SWADDLE T. W.
Published: May 2016

The rate constant of the exchange reaction shown in the scheme is determined to be k(298.2) = 2.30·10‐4 s‐1 in 0.01 M aqueous CF3SO3H solution, the activation parameter being ΔH* = 91.5 kJ/mol, ΔS* = ‐7.7 K‐1 mol‐1, and ΔV* = ‐4.0 cm3/mol.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of α,ω‐Mercapto Alcohols in the Presence of Diethoxytriphenylphosphorane. Temperature Dependence of Cyclodehydrations and S‐Ethylations.
Authors: ROBINSON P. L. , KELLY J. W. , EVANS S. A. JUN.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the hydroxyalkylmercaptans (II), (V), and (VIII) with diethoxytriphenylphosphorane (I) is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Sensitized Photorearrangement of 3,3,5‐Triaryl‐2(3H)‐furanones to 3,4,5‐Triaryl‐2(5H)‐furanones. Steady‐State and Laser Flash Photolysis Investigations.
Authors: GOPIDAS K. R. , LOHRAY B. B. , RAJADURAI S. , DAS P. K. , GEORGE M. V.
Published: May 2016

Direct irradiation of the furanones (I) gives the decarbonylated products (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Keto Carboxylic Esters. A Practical, Purely Chemical Access to β‐Hydroxy Esters in High Enantiomeric Purity.
Authors: NOYORI R. , OHKUMA T. , KITAMURA M. , TAKAYA H. , SAYO N. , KUMOBAYASHI H. , AKUTAGAWA S.
Published: May 2016

Hydrogenation reactions of β‐keto esters (I), (III), (V) catalyzed by the Ru(II) complexes shown in the scheme under an initial H2 pressure of 50‐100 atm provide the β‐hydroxy esters (II), (IV), or (VI) in high enantiomeric purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Activating Unreactive Sites of Organic Molecules Using Elemental Fluorine.
Authors: ROZEN S. , GAL C.
Published: May 2016

Elemental fluorine reacts with compounds such as (I), (IV), (VIa) and (VIIa) under electrophilic substitution to replace regio‐ and stereoselectively unactivated tertiary hydrogen atoms.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Fluoride as a Nucleophile in the Synthesis of 2‐Fluorostearic Acid.
Authors: POGANY S. A. , ZENTNER G. M. , RINGEISEN C. D.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (III) is obtained by treatment of methyl 2‐bromostearate (I) with silver(I) fluoride in wet acetonitrile and subsequent hydrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Absorption Spectra of Tetraalkyl Olefin Cation Radicals.
Authors: CLARK T. , TEASLEY M. F. , NELSEN S. F. , WYNBERG H.
Published: May 2016

The cation radicals of the 5 Bredt's rule protected olefins (I)‐(V) generated by use of cation radical (VI) are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (ionization potentials), optical spectroscopy, and MNDO semiempirical MO calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Haloethyl Alkyl Sulfides.
Authors: TRUJILLO D. A. , MCMAHON W. A. JUN. , LYLE R. E.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of ethylene sulfide (II) with benzyl bromide (I) or trityl chloride (IV) gives the corresponding haloethyl alkyl sulfides (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Thiolate Reduction of Sulfilimines. Part 2. Further Evidence for a Highly Coupled Concerted Transition State.
Authors: YOUNG P. R. , REID K. J.
Published: May 2016

Amination of the thioanisoles (I) with the O‐sulfonyl hydroxylamine (II) yields the corresponding sulfiliminium salts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Ether Derivatives of 3‐Amino‐1,2‐propanediols. Part 6. Syntheses and Pharmacological Investigations of 5,8‐Bis(2‐hydroxy‐3‐(alkylamino)propoxy)‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalenes.
Authors: CHALINA E. , CHRISTOVA K. , DANTCHEV D. , STANEVA D. , RAINOVA L. , CHAKAROVA L.
Published: May 2016

The dihydroxydihydronaphthalene (III), prepared by the Diels‐Alder cycloaddition of butadiene (I) and p‐benzoquinone (II), reacts with epichlorohydrin (IV) to produce the bis(epoxypropyl ether) (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2‐(Hydroxymethyl)‐11,11,12,12‐tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane and Its Carbamates with Electron‐Donor Moieties.
Authors: TORRES E. , PANETTA C. A. , METZGER R. M.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the anthraquinone (I) with malononitrile (II) under the conditions shown in the reaction scheme yields the title compound (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Addition of Methanol to 1,2‐Epoxy‐1‐vinylcyclopentane.
Authors: KAGEL J. R. , MERTES M. P.
Published: May 2016

The addition of methanol (II) to 1,2‐epoxy‐1‐vinylcyclopentane (I) in the presence of mercuric salts is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: H2‐Antihistaminics. Part 36. Isolamtidine and Analogues.
Authors: BONJEAN J. , SCHUNACK W.
Published: May 2016

The N‐cyanoiso(thio)ureas (III) and (V) are prepared from (II) or (IV) and the amines (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium(0) Reagents. Part 1. A Facile Deoxygenation of Unfunctionalized Aromatic N‐Oxides.
Authors: MALINOWSKI M.
Published: May 2016

Titanium(0) slurry prepared from titanium tetrachloride by reduction with magnesium or lithium aluminum hydride is employed in the deoxygenation of the pyridine N‐oxides (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Aryl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐4(2(3,5‐dimethyl)pyrazolyl)pyridazin‐3‐ones.
Authors: NADA A. , ZAYED M. F. , GAD W.
Published: May 2016

Coupling of 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole (I) with the β‐benzoylacrylic acids (II) gives the 3‐aryl‐2‐pyrazolylpropionic acids (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Bis(1,2,3)triazolo(1,5‐a:4′,5′‐d)pyrimidin‐9‐ones.
Authors: L'ABBE G. , GODTS F. , TOPPET S. , VAN MEERVELT L. , KING G. S. D.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the azidotriazoles (III) with the active methylene nitriles (V) yields the tricyclic products (VI) instead of the previously reported compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Derivatives of 2‐Amino‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene. Part 11. trans6,9‐Dimethoxy‐2,3,4a,5,10,10a‐hexahydro‐4H‐naphth(2,3‐b)‐1,4‐oxazines. Tricyclic Analogues of trans‐2‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5,8‐dimethoxytetralins.
Authors: TROANSKA G. , CHRISTOVA K. , DANCHEV D.
Published: May 2016

The aminohydroxytetralins (I) react with chloroacetyl chloride (II) to form the N‐acyl compounds (III) or the O,N‐diacyl derivatives (IV) depending on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Bis(dialkoxyphosphoryl) and Bis(dialkoxythiophosphoryl) Disulfides with Trialkylsilyl Cyanides. New Route to Dialkyl Phosphoroand Dialkyl Thiophosphorothiocyanidates and O,O,O,O‐Tetraalkyl Pyrophosphorotrithioates.
Authors: LOPUSINSKI A. , LUCZAK L. , BRZEZINSKA E.
Published: May 2016

The diphosphoryl disulfides (I) react with the trialkylsilyl cyanides (II) to form the thiocyanidates (III) and the silyl esters (IV) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: 6H‐Dibenz(c,e)(1,2)oxaphosphorins: Synthesis and Chemistry.
Authors: PASTOR S. D. , SPIVACK J. D. , STEINHUEBEL L. P.
Published: May 2016

2‐Hydroxybiphenyl (I) reacts with phosphorus trichloride (II) to produce the intermediate aryloxydichlorophosphine (III) which is cyclized in the presence of zinc chloride, forming the fused chlorooxaphosphorin (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: (Me5C5)2Yb(μ‐Me)Be(C5Me5): A Model for Methane Coordination?
Authors: BURNS C. J. , ANDERSEN R. A.
Published: May 2016

Since the monomeric molecule (II) possesses no steric effects which will prevent coordination and the Lewis acid (I) is a bent metallocene with small reorganization energy of bending which forms coordination complexes with olefins and acetylenes, the reaction of both yields the complex (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Consequences of Electron‐Transfer Reactions. Part 15. Mixed‐Valent Cations of Dinuclear Chromium Aryl Complexes: Electrochemical, Spectroscopic, and Structural Considerations.
Authors: VAN ORDER N. JUN. , GEIGER W. E. , BITTERWOLF T. E. , RHEINGOLD A. L.
Published: May 2016

The oxidation of the dinuclear chromium carbonyl complexes (I)‐(IV) is studied by electrochemistry, IR and ESR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Bulky Monosubstituted Phosphorus(III) Halides with Disodium Tetracarbonylferrate. Steric and Electronic Factors in the Synthesis of Fe(CO)4 Complexes of Diphosphene and Phosphinidene Ligands.
Authors: BARTLETT R. A. , DIAS H. V. R. , FLYNN K. M. , OLMSTEAD M. M. , POWER P. P.
Published: May 2016

The products of the title reactions (see scheme), depending on the substituent at P, are compared with those from analogous reactions using Na2Cr(CO)5.
ChemInform Abstract: Claisen Rearrangements with Mesityl Oxide Dimethyl Ketal. Synthesis of Ipsdienone, E‐ and Z‐Ocimenone, 2,6‐Dimethyl‐2,7‐octadien‐4‐one and 2,6‐Dimethyl‐2,7‐octadien‐4‐ol.
Authors: BAECKSTROEM P. + , STRIDH K. , LI L. , NORIN T.
Published: May 2016

Mannich reaction of the propynol (I) yields the amine (IV), which is converted to the precursor (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Syntheses of Alcohols. Part 24. Synthesis of 2,6‐Dideoxy‐L‐hexoses.
Authors: HOFFMANN R. W. , METTERNICH R. , LANZ J. W.
Published: May 2016

Addition of the Z/E‐isomeric boronates (IIa), (IIb) to the aldehyde (I) leads to isomeric hexenes (III) which are benzylated to the separable pairs (IVa)/(IVd) and (IVc)/(IVb), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: From Pyranosuloses and Pyranosenuloses to Deoxy Hydroxyamino Sugars.
Authors: TRONCHET J. M. J. , BIZZOZERO N. , BARBALAT‐REY F. , GEOFFROY M.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of various hydroxylamino sugars is performed as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Indolactam Congeners. Conformational Behavior of the Nine‐Membered Lactams.
Authors: ENDO Y. , HASEGAWA M. , ITAI A. , SHUDO K.
Published: May 2016

Indolactam‐V, an active fragment of the tumor‐promoting teleocidins, exists in two conformational states in solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of an Endogenous Factor Controlling the Cell Cycle of Complex Tissues.
Authors: LYNN D. G. , JAFFE K. , CORNWALL M. , TRAMONTANO W.
Published: May 2016

The Paal‐Knorr condensation of the chiral lactone (I) of L‐homoserine leads to the (R)‐(+)‐(III) which inhibits the trigonelline‐induced G2 cellular arrest as does the endogenous factor isolated from the roots of 10‐day old seedlings of Pisum sativum.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Hydroxylated 2,2′‐Bipyridines. Part 1. Orellanine, the Poison of a Toadstool.
Authors: DEHMLOW E. V. , SCHULZ H.‐J.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (Vb) is synthesized starting from the N‐oxide (I) (obtainable from the respective pyridine by peracid oxidation (64%)) via the intermediates (III), (IVa), and (Va).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Phenyl Azide to 3‐(2‐R‐Phenoxy)‐1‐propynes, and IR and PMR Spectra of 1,2,3‐Triazole Isomers.
Authors: ABDUGAFUROV I. A. , MAKHSUMOV A. G. , MADIKHANOV N.
Published: May 2016

The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of phenyl azide (II) to the aryloxypropynes (I) affords mixtures of the 1,4‐ and 1,5‐isomeric 1,2,3‐triazoles (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of 1,7‐Dioxaspiro(5.5)undec‐4‐enes via Metallated Allenol Ethers. A Formal Synthesis of Talaromycins A and B.
Authors: WHITBY R. , KOCIENSKI P.
Published: May 2016

The α‐iodo‐ω‐siloxyalkanes (I) are coupled with the allenol ether (II) to produce the methoxysiloxyalkylallenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New 4‐Quinazolinone‐2‐carboxy Esters, ‐2‐carboxamides, ‐2‐carboxyhydrazides and Their Tosyl Derivatives Having Potential Biological Activity.
Authors: JOSHI V. , CHAUDHARI R. P.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the amides (I) with the diester (II) yields the esters (III) which are transformed to their derivatives (IV), (VII) and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: The Transformation of Tryptophan to Aspartic Acid in Peptides.
Authors: RANGANATHAN S. , RANGANATHAN D. , BHATTACHARYYA D.
Published: May 2016

The tryptophan derivative (I) is cleaved upon treatment with a Ru(VIII) reagent, generated in situ, to form the optically aspartic acid monoester (II) under retention of the configuration at the asymmetric carbon atom.