bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psikolojik İyi Olma Durumu ile İş Performansı Arasındaki İlişkide Örgütsel Güven ve Uygulama Adaletinin Düzenleyici Etkisi (The Moderating Effect of Organizational Trust and Procedural Justice in the Relationship between Psychological Well-Being and Job Performance)
Authors: Ayça Betül
Published: March 2023

Amaç –Örgütsel Davranış disiplini açısından çalışanların sorumlu oldukları işi başarıyla yapabilmeleri, iş performansının bir göstergesidir ve işletmelerin, çalışanlarının hakkaniyet ve güven algılarının yüksek olmasını önemsemeleri gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, örgüt çalışanlarının psikolojik iyi olma (PİO) hâlinin iş performansıyla (İP) ilişkisinin niteliğini anlamak ve bu ilişkide örgütsel güven (ÖG) ve uygulama adaletinin (UA) olumlu ve düzenleyici etkisini açıklığa kavuşturmaktır. Yöntem –Çalışma nicel yöntemle yapılmış olup, temel kavramlar arası ilişkinin niteliğini inceleyen, kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Bu amaçla hizmet sektörlerinde faaliyet gösteren ve özellikle e-ticaret alanındaki firma çalışanlarından kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle 321katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır. Geçerlik ve güvenirlikleri yüksek 4 ayrı ölçme aracı kullanılmış ve sonuçlar öncelikle araştırmanın (PİO, OG, UY ve İP) temel kavramları arasındaki ilişkiler ampirik olarak desteklenmiştir. Bulgular –En dikkat çekici araştırma bulgusu çalışanların psikolojik iyi olma durumlarıyla iş performansı arasında saptanan yüksek düzeydeki ilişki olmuştur. İkinci önemli sonuç, katılımcıların psikolojik iyi olma durumu, örgütsel güven ve uygulama adaleti algılarının ortalamanın biraz üstünde olmasına karşın katılımcıların tamamının iş performanslarını ‘iyi’ olarak belirtmeleridir. Çalışanların örgüte güven ve uygulama adaleti algıları varsayıldığı gibi ve teoriye uygun olarak (PİO) ve (İP) kavramları arasındaki ilişkide düzenleyici rol oynadığı anlaşılmıştır. Tartışma –Sonuç olarak, örgüt yöneticilerinin çalışanların ruhsal sağlık düzeyinin yüksek iken iş faaliyet ve stratejilerinin gerçekleşmesinde daha başarılı olacağını düşünerek bu konuya önem vermeleri gerektiğini söylemek mümkündür.
İş Becerikliliğinin Bilimsel Haritalar Tekniğiyle Bibliyometrik Analizi (Bibliometric Analysis of Job Crafting with Scientific Maps Technique)
Authors: Durmuş Şerif
Published: March 2023

Amaç –Araştırmanın amacı iş becerikliliği hakkında literatürde yapılmış olan çalışmaların bibliyometrik açıdan ele alınarak daha sonra yapılacak çalışmalar için araştırmacılara kavramsal bir çerçeve çizmektir.Yöntem–Nicel araştırma yöntemi ile yapılan araştırmada veriler bibliyometrik analiz ile incelenmiş ve görsel haritalama için VOSviewer programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerine ulaşmak için Web of Science Core Collection veri tabanından yararlanılmıştır. Veri tabanına “job crafting” olarak giriş yapılmış ve 2001-2022 (2022 ağustos) yılları arasında yapılan 741(makale, bildiri, kitap, makale kritiği) çalışma değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bu çalışmalar yazar, atıf sayısı, coğrafi dağılım, yayınların yapıldığı kurum ve anahtar kelime yönünden incelenmiştir. Bulgular –Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre iş becerikliliği hakkında literatüre yayın sayısı açısından en çok katkı yapan yazarın Bakker (57 adet), çalışmalarına en çok atıf alan yazarın Bakker (6003 adet), en çok atıf alan çalışmanın (1887 adet) Wrzesniewski ve Dutton (2001) tarafından Academy of Management Review dergisinde yayınlanan çalışma, en çok yayının yapıldığı ülkenin Hollanda (173) olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca yapılan yayınlarda en çoktekrarlanan anahtar kelimenin “job crafting” olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tartışma –Örgütlerdeher geçen gün insan faktörünün öneminin artması ve rekabetin getirdiği verimlilik ve etkinliğin artırılma çabası göz önünde bulundurulduğunda çalışan davranışlarının nedenlerinin ve sonuçlarının bilinmesi yöneticiler ve araştırmacılar için daha da önemli hale gelmektedir. Literatür incelendiğinde iş becerikliliği kavramını konu eden çeşitli yerli ve yabancı çalışmalara rastlanmaktadır. Fakat bu konuda yerli çalışmaların kısıtlı olduğu görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu konuda yapılacak çalışmaların yerli literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Cryoablation for the management of Small Renal Masses
Authors: Deivasigamani Sriram , Adams Eric S. , Séguier Denis , Kotamarti Srinath , Polascik Thomas J.
Published: March 2023

Renal cell carcinoma is identified most often in the sixth or seventh decade of life, coinciding with the rise in incidental diagnosis of small renal masses as imaging technology has advanced. However, not all patients in this older age group are surgical candidates owing to their comorbidities. Cryoablation is a well-established minimally invasive technique for the treatment of small renal masses. The advent of less invasive ablative treatment has alleviated the surgical dilemma for certain patients who are contraindicated for extirpative procedures. With the appropriate patient selection, cryoablation is safe and effective, resulting in comparable local tumor control, fewer complications, better preservation of renal function, a faster recovery, and a shorter hospital stay. The percutaneous procedure has increased in popularity due to the advantages of reduced pain, shorter hospitalization, the ability to be performed without general anesthesia, and decreased cost relative to surgery.
Psychological and pedagogical directions and difficulties of improving modern education
Authors: Gasanova R. R.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Many modern researchers and teachers are concerned about finding ways to overcome the number of difficulties of modern education. However, the numerous and diverse problems facing education are far from being solved.Purpose setting. The purpose of the study is to analyze the psychological and pedagogical aspects of improving modern education, those directions and difficulties of its development, which it has encountered in the modern world.Methodology and methods of the study. The research method is a theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical directions and the difficulties of improving modern education.Results. The discourse of modern «education» has changed significantly, it is rather difficult to compare the «educational practices of the past and the present, since they differ in their goals and values. The education of the past was the institution of cultural transmission, education and upbringing of a person. On the wave of the ideas of «humanization and individualization» of education, completely opposite ideas were actively introduced into it, the ideas of pragmatization of education, the goals of «education» eventually transformed the training and upbringing of a person into the training of a competent consumer and service personnel, that is, in a way that does not allow considering these two institutions as a whole.Conclusion. Prevention, correction and use of the stress of education, including the stress of innovation, are significant: it is important to build educational relationships in the spirit of focusing on understanding as awareness and mutual understanding as dialogue. It is important that the school and university develop a person's understanding of himself and the world, and, thus, increase the psychological well-being and life-affirming potential of a person. For this purpose educational relations should be enriched with models that allow subjects to be active and cooperate in solving problems that are urgent for them, realizing the model of intersubjective management both in the organization of education and in its process.
On the question of the new architecture of the Russian educational space
Authors: Chernykh S. I.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. After leaving the Bologna system, the Russian education system faced many new challenges. Most of them are associated with the carelessness of developing new, relatively autonomous algorithms for the transformation of the Russian educational system.Purpose setting. The article considers a set of factors determining the creation of such algorithms.Methodology and methods of the study. The methodology of the analysis of such algorithms is based on a predictive analysis of the prospects for the development of the Russian educational space, presented by Russian and foreign trendwatchers. The models of the future world economy focused on the processes of transformation of the education system. The object of research is limited to the sphere of higher professional education. The object of research is limited to the sphere of higher professional education.Results. Usually global education is explicated as «filling» national education systems with global knowledge, meanings and values. By and large, the latter were the methodological foundations of liberal models, similar to the models of R. Henvey and M. Botkin. The world as a whole, humanity as a global community, humanism, holism made up the qualitative features of liberal education in its global discourse. But the withdrawal from the Bologna system, the change in the economic and socio-political situation raised the question of forming a new view on the problems of globalization of education for Russian regulators. The output itself can be viewed in two ways. On the one hand, as an unsuccessful finale of the integration of the Russian educational space into the European (and in parallel into the world) educational space. On the other hand, as the beginning of the creation of an updated (new) nationally oriented education system. Education is a platform for the development of the country»s human and social capital. It has a polymorphic structure and its development is determined by a multiple set of external and internal factors. The main external factors are associated with the beginning of the formation of a new world economic order, and internal ones with the willingness of the country, the state and the people to «accept» it as reality and function in this reality.Conclusions. Analysis of such conditions shows that by leaving the Bologna system, Russia emphasizes two vectors of development of its education system: «distrust» of the Anglo-Saxon and Humboldtian models of the organization of educational space and the need to develop a new architecture of its own, national (different from global variants) type of such space. As main goal of such space is proclaimed the creation of nationally oriented technological, cognitive and educational sovereignties.
Transformation of the educational values of youth during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ashilova M. S. , Begalinov A. S. , Begalinova K. K.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The coronavirus pandemic, which has spread widely around the world in early 2020, has seriously affected the education sector. It led to the almost complete paralysis of schools, colleges and universities. The process, which, only at first glance, seems temporary, in fact, causes serious fears of the scientific community with deep socio-economic consequences and a new round of the global educational crisis. The study of transformational processes taking place in the field of educational values of young people is an urgent problem today.Purpose setting. The article sets and solves such tasks as identifying positive and negative trends in the field of higher education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the main values of students, and ascertaining the degree of satisfaction with Kazakhstani higher education students. Important issues of discussion include such as the purpose and value of training.Methodology and methods of the study. When revealing the problems of transforming educational values, dialectical, structural-functional, and activity-based approaches were used as a methodology, as well as a set of sociological methods: a survey, information analysis, peer review, etc. in identifying the impact of a pandemic on the education system. The authors also turn to such methods as social analytics and problem-thematic interpretation of educational processes, which will reveal the sociocultural features of the transformation of worldview values and directions of educational policy.Results. The COVID-19 pandemic has shaken the very foundations of education: its ability to be. As studies around the world show, students are increasingly asking questions, is it worth studying? There is growing pessimism among young people about the future. In this regard, Kazakhstan conducted its own research that studies the mood of student youth, their well-being, value orientations and their assessment of the quality of education in a pandemic. In the course of the study, the result was obtained: the pandemic as a whole did not affect life prospects: the vast majority of the young people surveyed (86,6 %) have a clear life goal, more than 90 % have this life goal fully or partially coincides with their chosen profession.Conclusion. The study will complement the understanding of the educational values of students under the influence of the pandemic, globalization, digitalization, and other factors. Its results will be useful to teachers of higher educational institutions, philosophers of education and everyone who is interested in the problems of higher education.
Approximate Numerical Procedures for the Navier-Stokes System Through the Generalized Method of Lines
Authors: Botelho Fabio
Published: March 2023

This article develops applications of the generalized method of lines to numerical solutions of the time-independent, incompressible Navier-Stokes system in fluid mechanics. We recall that for such a method, the domain of the partial differential equation in question is discretized in lines (or more generally in curves), and the concerning solutions are written on these lines as functions of the boundary conditions and the domain boundary shape.
Marangoni Flow Investigation in Foam Fractionation Phenomenon
Authors: Rezaee Nastaran , Aunna John , Naser Jamal
Published: March 2023

Marangoni flow in foam fractionation in the lamellar film for the interior and exterior of a micro-foam was investigated. The three-dimensional node-film-Plateau Border system was modeled using computational fluid dynamics. The importance of the surfactant concentration of the foam fractionation column and air-liquid interface mobility on the Marangoni velocity in the film was emphasized. The study found that an increase in surfactant concentration in the reflux column significantly increases the Marangoni velocities. Additionally, a mobile interface results in a higher Marangoni flow, while a rigid interface leads to less intensive flow. The behavior of the Marangoni flow in both interior and exterior foam was explored, revealing that the flow in exterior foam has different behavior due to the presence of the wall, which reduces the Marangoni velocity compared to interior films.
Nano-Therapeutic Approaches to Treat COVID Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Kanvinde Shrey , Deodhar Suyash , Kulkarni Tanmay A. , Jogdeo Chinmay M.
Published: March 2023

There have been significant collaborative efforts over the past three years to develop therapies against COVID-19. During this journey, there has also been a lot of focus on understanding at-risk groups of patients who either have pre-existing conditions or have developed concomitant health conditions due to the impact of COVID-19 on immune system. There was a high incidence of COVID-19 induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) observed in patients. PF can cause significant morbidity, long-term disability, and lead to death in the long run. Additionally, being a progressive disease, PF can also impact the patient for a long time after COVID infection and affect the overall quality of life. Although current therapies are being used as the mainstay for treating PF, there is no therapy specifically for COVID-induced PF. As observed in the treatment of other diseases, nanomedicine can show a significant promise in overcoming the limitations of current anti-PF therapies. In this review, we summarize the efforts reported by various groups to develop nanomedicine therapeutics to treat COVID-induced PF.
Delineation of Orchard, Vineyard, and Olive Trees Based on Spectral and Phenology Metrics using Time-Series of Sentinel-2 during 2016-2021
Authors: Abubakar Mukhtar Adamu , Chanzy André , Flamain Fabrice , Pouget Guillaume , Courault Dominique
Published: March 2023

The characteristics of the Sentinel-2 mission with a decametric resolution and frequent acquisitions allow to improve the identification of crops. The majority of the studies on crop classification using RS were targeted at herbaceous and gramineous crop classes while fewer results were obtained on woody crops which present a strong variability in management practices that make their identification difficult. Thus, this study aimed to propose a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective analytical approach for the delineation of fruit orchards (OC), vineyards (VY), and olive groves (OL) in the Mediterranean (Southern France) considering two locations. A classification based on phenology metrics (PM) de-rived from temporal Sentinel-2 time series was developed to perform the classification. The PM were computed by fitting a double logistic model on temporal profiles of vegeta-tion indices to delineate OC, VY, and a DC class gathering all remaining surfaces. The generated PM were introduced in a random forest (RF) algorithm to identify woody crops across the two sites. The method was tested on different vegetation indices, the best results being obtained with the leaf area index (LAI). To delineate OL in the DC class, the tem-poral features of the green chlorophyll vegetation index (GCVI) were found to be the most appropriated with a typical drop of the signal during the mid-season (DOY 150-250). As a final result, we obtained an overall accuracy ranging from 89-96% and Kappa of 0.86-0.95 by considering each study site and year (2016-2021), separately. This accuracy is much better than applying the RF algorithm on the LAI times series, which led to a Kappa rang-ing between 0.3 and 0.52 and demonstrates the interest of using phenological traits rather than the raw time series of the RS data. The method can be well reproduced from one year to another. Moreover, it is possible to apply the classification model of a given year to an-other, keeping good accuracy. This is an interesting feature to reduce the burden of col-lecting ground truth information. On the contrary, the use of a classification model cali-brated in one site and applied to another led to a strong degradation of the classification accuracy. Woody crop phenology is dependent on site climatic conditions as well as the cultivar and management practices that can differ from one site to another.
A Feasibility Study of Machine Learning Models for Cancer Rate Prediction
Authors: Chen Shan , Ding Yuanzhao
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a major concern for people, and accurately predicting the probability of cancer incidence and mortality is an important research topic. With the development of big data and artificial intelligence technology, a new machine learning model has emerged. Using 72,591 pieces of data, including age, case count, population size, race, gender, site of onset, and year of discovery, we built a machine learning model. Through calculations, we found that the decision tree, random forest, logistic regression, support vector machine, and neural network achieved testing accuracies of 62.11%, 61.68%, 54.53%, 55.72%, and 63.10%, respectively. With the help of this model, scientists and policymakers can accurately predict future cancer incidence and mortality rates through databases, allowing them to make relevant policies (such as timely allocating doctors and medical resources) to better serve the people.
Prevalence of Malaria Parasitaemia and Associated Risk Factors Among Febrile Children Attending a Secondary Health Care Facility
Authors: NDAKO JAMES A. , Ozoadibe Ogechukwu Y. , Dojumo Victor T. , Owolabi Iyanuoluwani J. , Ndako Christy J. , Tomisin Ogunmodede P. , Omoniy Remilekun M.
Published: March 2023

Background: Malaria remains a serious public health concern worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, and the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children especially among those aged under five in developing countries. Malaria can be fatal if not promptly and accurately diagnosed, especially in children.This study was carried out to determine the level of malaria infection and its associated risk factors among febrile children.Methods: Blood samples were collected and analyzed from two- hundred (200) systematically selected febrile children aged 1-10 years old. assay of samples collected were carried out using standard methods.data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Results: Results obtained from study subjects shows that, of the eighty-seven (87) infected subjects, 34 (39.1%) were aged 1-5 years, while 52 (59.8%) were within the range of 6 years and above.severity of infection showed 48 (55.2%) with scanty parasitic infection while 25 (28.7%) showed moderate infection, and 13 (14.9%) showed heavy infection.The association of age and level of parasitemia showed that 34 (58.8% ) subjects below 5 years, recorded scanty malaria compared to 14.7% with severe malaria within the age range.Considering gender, of the 33 infected female subjects, 45.5% had scanty malaria, 36.4% showed moderate malaria, while 18.2% had severe malaria, compared to the males subjects.Conclusion: This study reveals the prevalence of malaria infection with some level of severity among children at our study location.The need for prompt diagnosis and improved access to all malaria interventions becomes relevant,with a special focus on the high risk group.
A Machine Learning Algorithm Predicting Infant Psychomotor Developmental Delay Using Medical and Social Determinants
Authors: Waynforth David
Published: March 2023

Psychomotor developmental delay in infants includes failure to acquire abilities such as sitting, walking, grasping objects and communication at the ages when most infants have acquired these abilities. Known risk factors include a large number of aspects of family environment, socioeconomic position, problems in pregnancy and birth, and maternal health. It is clinically useful to be able to screen for developmental delay so that healthcare interventions can be considered. The present research used machine learning (random forest) to create an algorithm predicting psychomotor delay in 9-month-old infants using information ascertainable at birth and in early infancy. The dataset was the UK longitudinal Millennium Cohort study. Fifty-two predictors measuring socioeconomic indicators, paternal, family and social support for the mother, beliefs about good parenting, maternal health, pregnancy and birth were included in the initial algorithm. Feature reduction showed that of the 52 variables, birthweight, family income and parents’ ages had the highest feature importance scores and could alone correctly predict developmental delay with over 99% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The relationships between delay and some of the predictors, particularly income, were nonlinear and complex. The results suggest that the risk of psychomotor developmental delay can be identified in early infancy using machine learning, and that the best predictors are factors present prior to birth. Surprisingly, the most important factors included in the present study did not include illnesses during pregnancy such as eclampsia and infections.
Nutritional disorders in children with rheumatic diseases and opportunities for their correction
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pavlovskaya E.V. , Zubovich A.I. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Strokova T.V. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Rheumatic diseases in children are accompanied by a high risk of various nutritional status disorders. Children with this condition are most often diagnosed with growth retardation, overweight or obesity, bone diseases and sarcopenia, which develop against the background of chronic inflammation, aggressive pharmacological treatment and prolonged hypodynamia. In the absence of timely diagnosis and correction, nutritional disorders can have a negative impact on the severity and duration of the disease, reducing the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment and the quality of life of patients. Standard methods for assessing nutritional status, including body composition evaluation, should be part of the clinical monitoring program for rheumatic diseases in children, and prompt initiation of individual diet therapy or nutritional support will minimize the negative impact of these factors on the health of patients. Key words: rheumatic diseases, juvenile osteoarthritis, nutrition, nutritional status
Feeding difficulties in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Genetic and social challenges
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Grigoriev K.I. , Kharitonova L.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Grigoriev A.I. ,   Voronezh State Pedagogical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

This article presents a clinical presentation of the disease in children with Down syndrome, current data on inheritance pattern, prevalence, and diagnosis. Information necessary for health workers in the organization of feeding and care for such children and recommendations for conversations with their parents are given. Particular attention is paid to the rumination syndrome, which is the main manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease, the leading causes of eating disorders in young children. The article focuses on feeding as one of the most common problems in providing care for this category of children, which is due to a combination of unfavorable factors. Key words: Down syndrome, maxillofacial anomalies, breastfeeding, gastroesophageal reflux disease, diagnosis
Functional gastrointestinal disorders. History and current reality
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Gurova M.M. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Clinical and Diagnostic Center for Children, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Novikova V.P. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation,   Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

This article presents historical aspects of understanding the functional gastrointestinal disorders, introduces the evolution of views on this pathology and connection with basic philosophical concepts that influenced the development of medical science: holism, dualism, reductionism, integrative medicine. The significance and role of the Rome Foundation that aims at studying the functional gastrointestinal disorders in defining the concept, classification, development of diagnostic criteria, diagnostic algorithms for this pathology are shown, as well as the contribution of Russian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterologists, Hepatologists and Nutritionists to the elaboration of clinical recommendations on functional gastrointestinal disorders in childhood. Key words: functional gastrointestinal disorders, historical aspects, Rome Foundation for the study of functional gastrointestinal disorders, Society of Pediatric Gastroenterologists, Hepatologists and Nutritionists
Hypocholesterolemia: an important symptom of rare diseases
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Polyakova S.I. , Shumilov P.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Hypocholesterolemia is an important symptom that may indicate the presence of severe hereditary metabolic disease or acquired secondary pathology. This lecture discusses the criteria for hypocholesterolemia in children, issues of cholesterol metabolism and its disorders, and the most common causes of hypocholesteremia. Issues of pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment of cholesterol synthesis disorders (Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome) and abetalipoproteinemia are considered in detail, and clinical cases of patients with these diseases are presented. Key words: hereditary metabolic diseases, hypocholesterolemia, Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome, abetalipoproteinemia
Kwashiorkor: pathophysiological aspects and solutions
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Sorokina L.D. , Marchenko E.A. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Zavyalova A.N. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Novikova V.P. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein-energy malnutrition known since 1995. It is observed worldwide in regions with high levels of hunger and poverty, especially where the diet consists primarily of carbohydrate-rich foods. This pathology has been reported among hundreds of thousands of children in the world. The clinical presentation of kwashiorkor resembles the symptoms of essential amino acid deficiency, which suggests that not only protein malnutrition, but also disorders of the methionine cycle take part in the pathogenesis of the disease. The study of capillary ultrastructure has shown that edema is the result of increased permeability of microvessels to protein macromolecules, including albumin. Plasma proteins are usually retained in the intravascular space by the endothelial glycocalyx, damage to which leads to edema. Oxidative stress contributes to lower levels of vitamin E and glutathione. An imbalance between the levels of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants leads to mitochondrial damage, which reduces ATP production and impairs liver function. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP depletion together with nutrient deficiency may contribute to the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Three clinical parameters are used to assess the severity of kwashiorkor: mid-arm muscle circumference, body mass index, and the presence of localized symmetric edema. In the absence of timely treatment in the early stages, children may have serious complications, including shock, coma, physical and mental disorders. Normalization of physiological and metabolic functions in patients with kwashiorkor is a complex task. The three-step approach to treating children with severe protein-energy malnutrition recommended by the World Health Organization includes stabilization, rehabilitation, and recurrence prevention. The prognosis in the absence of treatment is unfavorable. Key words: protein-energy malnutrition, kwashiorkor, children
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of modules and biomarkers in acute lung injury with time-series gene expression profile
Authors: Li Jing , Yang Yanming , Cui Zhengjun
Published: March 2023

Background: The pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) is affected by a complex network of molecular factors and/or pathways; underlying molecular mechanisms of the disease is important for current and future treatments.
Methods: Time-series gene expression dataset GSE2565 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus, the data were normalized, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to evaluate repeatability of data, differentially expressed genes were screened by MaSigPro, and WGCNA was performed to identify hub modules. In addition, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were conducted, and integration of module analysis and CytoHubba analysis were used to identify hub genes. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to measure the predictive accuracy of the hub genes.
Results: Module–trait analysis revealed that the red module, which was negatively correlated with the 8-h analysis time-point, was mainly involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm, whereas the pink module, which was positively correlated with the 8-h analysis time-point, was mainly involved in regulation of cytokine production and cell death. Five hub genes, Bnip3, Cdh11, Fam134b, Sult1a1, and Zbtb16, were identified following ROC curve analysis.
Conclusions: our analysis of time-series expression data identified co-expression modules and pathways that were correlated with ALI. Moreover, the hub genes identified could provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of ALI.
How do multiple masked relevant prime stimuli affect a conscious response: Two prime arrows produce independent priming effects on the target response
Authors: Tu Shen , Yan Jiuhong , Liu Chengzhen , Lv Jieyu , Jou Jerwen , Qiu Jiang
Published: March 2023

Since there are a lot of sources of unconscious information in our mind, there is a possibility that multiple channels of unconscious information can affect a response at the same time. However, this question has been largely ignored by the researchers. In the present study, we presented two opposite pointing arrows as the masked primes followed by a target arrow. The results suggested that the two pointing directions of the two prime arrows influenced the response to the target simultaneously and independently, i.e. the overall priming effect caused by the two opposite pointing prime arrows was equal to the net effect of the individual congruent effect elicited by the same pointing prime arrow and the individual incongruent priming effect induced by the opposite pointing prime arrow. In addition, in Experiment 1, a biased delayed response to the target was observed when the target arrow and the opposite pointing prime arrow were closely positioned in space due to Gestalt proximity grouping.
Using the Community Readiness Model and Stakeholder Engagement to Assess a Health System’s Readiness to Provide LGBTQ+ Healthcare: A Pilot Study
Authors: Greene Madelyne Z , Herrmann Molly M , Trimberger Bryce
Published: March 2023

Background: Despite broad social and policy changes over the past several decades, many LGBTQ+ people face barriers to healthcare and report mistreatment and disrespect in healthcare settings. Few health systems level interventions have been shown to improve sexuality- and gender-related health disparities. Using the Community Readiness Model, we developed and implemented a rigorous assessment and priority-setting intervention at one mid-sized health system in the midwestern US. We evaluated the system’s readiness to provide LGBTQ+ healthcare and developed immediate action steps that are responsive to local context. We engaged diverse stakeholder groups throughout the process.
Methods: Led by the Community Readiness Model, we identified key groups within the health system and conductedstructured interviews with 4-6 key informants from each group. Two trained scorers external to the study team individually scored each interview on a numerical scale ranging from 1 (no awareness of the problem) to 9 (community ownership of the problem) and discussed and reconciled scores. Group scores were averaged for each dimension of readiness and overall readiness, and then triangulated with stakeholders to ensure they reflected lived experiences. Finally, specific recommendations were generated to match the needs of the system and move them towards higher levels of readiness.
Results: We convened an advisory committee of LGBTQ+ patients of the health system and a panel of local experts on LGBTQ+ wellness. Both groups contributed significantly to research processes. 28 interviews across 6 staff subcommunities indicated readiness levels ranging from “3: Vague Awareness” of the issue, and the “4: Preplanning” stage. Discrepancies across staff groups and dimensions of readiness suggested areas of focus for the health system. The evaluation process led to immediately actionable recommendations for the health system.
Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates the potential impact of the Community Readiness Model on improving health systems’ readiness to provide LGBTQ+ healthcare. This model combines strengths from community-based research and implementation science approaches to form an intervention that can be widely disseminated and maintain the flexibility and agility to meet local needs. Future research will evaluate changes in readiness at the same health system and test the process in additional health systems.
Willingness to experience unpleasant thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations at admission does not predict treatment outcome in inpatients with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Zisler Eva M. , Meule Adrian , Koch Stefan , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: March 2023

Background: Willingness to experience unpleasant thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations (WTE) has been found to predict treatment outcome in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet, these findings are limited to few studies.
Methods: We examined whether WTE at admission predicted treatment outcome in a sample of 324 inpatients with OCD who received a multimodal treatment that included cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention sessions.
Results: Obsessive–compulsive symptoms (based on OCD-specific self-report questionnaires) decreased and global functioning (based on therapist ratings) increased from admission to discharge. In contrast to previous findings, however, WTE did not predict treatment outcome.
Conclusions: On the one hand, these results indicate that higher WTE at the beginning of inpatient treatment does not facilitate improvements in obsessive–compulsivesymptoms from admission to discharge. On the other hand, they also indicate that lower WTE at the beginning of inpatient treatment does not adversely affect treatment outcome, that is, even patients who indicate that they are unwilling to face the negative experiences associated with exposure and response prevention can still achieve considerable symptom reductions. While the current findings suggest that WTE at the beginning of treatment only plays a minor role at most in treating OCD, future studies may examine session-to-session changes in WTE and obsessive–compulsive symptoms during treatment which may reveal a dynamic interplay as therapy progresses.
Surface integrity analysis of SS316 Pocket milling by using abrasive water jet machining
Authors: umapathy vishnuja , G.B Bhaskar , N Dinesh Raam , GV Kabin
Published: March 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Using Cryogenic CMOS Control Electronics
To Enable A Two–Qubit Cross–Resonance
Gate
Authors: Underwood Devin , Glick Joseph , Innoue Ken , Frank David , Timmerwilke John , Pritchett Emily , Chakraborty Sudipto , Tien Kevin , Yeck Mark , Bulzacchelli John , Baks Christian , Rosno Pat , Robertazzi Ray , Joshi Rajiv , Wisnieff Dorothy , Ramirez Daniel , Ruedinger Jeff , Lekuch Scott , Gaucher Brian , Friedman Daniel
Published: March 2023

Qubit control electronics composed of CMOS circuits are of critical interest for next generation quantum computing systems. A CMOS–based application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) fabricated in 14nm FinFET technology was used to generate and sequence qubit control waveforms and demonstrate a two–qubit cross resonance gate between fixed frequency transmons. The controller was thermally anchored to the T = 4K stage of a dilution refrigerator and the measured power was 23 mW per qubit under active control. The chip generated single–side banded output frequencies between 4.5 and 5.5 GHz with a maximum power output of -18 dBm. Randomized benchmarking (RB) experiments revealed an average number of 1.71 instructions per Clifford (IPC) for single–qubit gates, and 17.51 IPC for two–qubit gates. A single–qubit error per gate of є1Q=8e-4 and two–qubit error per gate of є2Q=1.4e-2 is shown. A drive–induced Z–rotation is observed by way of a rotary echo experiment; this observation is consistent with expected qubit behavior given measured excess local oscillator (LO) leakage from the CMOS chip. The effect of spurious drive induced Z–errors is numerically evaluated with a two–qubit model Hamiltonian, and shown to be in good agreement with measured RB data. The modeling results suggest the Z–error varies linearly with pulse amplitude.
Performance of regional water purification plants during extreme weather events – three case studies from New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Hickey Adrian , Senevirathna Lalantha
Published: March 2023

Recently climate change has challenged Australia, inflicting climate extremes of increasing severity, with droughts, bushfires, and floods breaking historical records. Events such as the 2017–2020 drought, the 2019–2020 Black Summer bushfires, and the 2021–2022 East Australian Floods have adversely affected water quality and supply in many regional New South Wales centres. Future events are predicted to increase in severity, and vulnerable Local Government Areas (LGAs) need to prepare to ensure water quality for their residents. Currently, there are limited information and case studies documenting the ongoing effects of climate change on water management for regional NSW centres. This research addresses the existing knowledge gap by providing insight into regional NSW LGAs affected by droughts, bushfires and floods, the challenges faced, the capacity to maintain water quality to Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) and the ability to ensure sufficient storage supply. DAC (drought), BAC (bushfire) and FAC (flood) LGAs supported the case studies produced to target councils’ management during these periods, highlighting the success of the strategies and treatments implemented. The performance of the LGAs proved their existing systems could maintain water quality and supply throughout the differing climate extremes. Practices within the catchment management and treatment procedures require continual improvement to meet the increasingly volatile climate effects and heightened system demand of increased populations. This study provides recommendations to help address the impacts of future climate extreme events on the specified LGAs and other LGAs across regional NSW.
Delineating effect of cationic head group and preparation method on transfection versus toxicity of lipid-based nanoparticles for gene delivery
Authors: Saraswat Aishwarya , Patel Ketan
Published: March 2023

Gene therapy using plasmid DNA (pDNA) is well-explored for variety of genetic diseases. However, its susceptibility to enzymatic degradation desires an optimal delivery system for efficient cellular uptake, transfection, and stability in vivo. Non-viral vectors like lipoplexes and LNPs have gained traction but there is no comparative evaluation of these lipid nanocarriers to deliver pDNA. Here, we demonstrated parallel comparison of both formulation components and technology for proficient pDNA delivery. Cationic and ionizable head groups were screened to find balance between acceptable transfection efficiency and systemic safety to deliver GFP-pDNA. We observed that lipoplexes formulated using SM-102 as biodegradable ionizable lipid exhibited high transfection efficiency given their high cellular uptake in A375V cells. Ionizable LNPs were fabricated via microfluidics and systematic comparison of lipid nanocarrier with GFP-pDNA complexed on interior versus exterior of nanoparticles was executed. We found LNPs to unveil high transfection efficiency and penetration within 3D spheroid model, while protecting pDNA under simulated physiological conditions. Our study lays a foundation to opt for the right complexing lipid and technology for development of lipid nanocarriers. Taken together, our research has opened the doors to designing “state-of-the-art” LNP based therapies by entrapping any functional plasmid gene that target life-threatening ailments.
Surface-Immobilized Cross-linked Cationic Polyelectrolyte Enables CO2 Reduction with Metal Cation-free Acidic Electrolyte
Authors: Qin Hai-Gang , Du Yun-Fan , Bai Yi-Yang , Li Fu-Zhi , Wang Hao , Peng Jian-Zhao , Gu Jun
Published: March 2023

Conducting electrochemical CO2 reduction with acidic electrolyte is a promising strategy to achieve high utilization efficiency of CO2, which is an essential prerequisite for industrializable CO2 electroreduction technique. Recent progress of CO2 electroreduction in acidic electrolyte has validated that alkali cations in the electrolyte play a vital role to suppress hydrogen evolution and promote CO2 reduction. However, the addition of alkali cations causes precipitation of bicarbonate on gas diffusion electrode (GDE), flooding of electrolyte through GDE, and drifting of the pH of the electrolyte during electrolysis. In this work, we realized the electroreduction of CO2 in metal cation-free acidic electrolyte by covering the catalyst with cross-linked poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride. This polyelectrolyte provides high density of cationic sites immobilized on the surface of catalyst, which suppresses the mass transport of H+ and modulates the interfacial field strength. By adopting this strategy, the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of CO reached 92% with Ag catalyst and the FE of formic acid reached 74% with In catalyst. More importantly, with metal cation-free acidic electrolyte, the amount of electrolyte flooding through the GDE decreased to 1% of that with alkali cation-containing acidic electrolyte, and the pH values of both catholyte and anolyte kept constant. Thanks to these features, the stability of CO2 reduction performance was greatly improved.