bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
二つの理論を活用したサマリーライティングの指導 Dual Theoretical Approach to Summary Writing
Authors: Inako Ayumi
Published: August 2022

サマリーライティングは、読解授業において学習内容の理解を確認するのに有効な方法であると同時に、それ自体が読解教材の主旨を選び取るという学習活動そのものでもある。学習者はこうした選択を行うためのスキルや基準を身につける必要があり、それには理論に基づく指導が有効である。本稿では、選択体系機能言語学(SFL)におけるジャンル、および正当化コード理論(LCT)の意味の波という二つの概念の組み合わせを使ったケーススタディを紹介する。前者の概念は教材テクストの社会的目的に注目し、後者は教材に表現された内容の文脈依存性の尺度を提供する。指導には理論的概念の提示、第一稿、教師のフィードバック、学習者の自己評価と修正の各段階が含まれ、この過程によって学習者は選択の過程をより意識するようになった。理論上の概念を学習者にわかりやすく提示することが重要である。

Summary writing is a common classroom activity aimed at confirming the understanding of contents in reading classrooms, but it is also a learning activity of its own in that students choose for themselves the main points from among the variety of information in the material. Students need skills and criteria to make such choices, and to this end, theory-based instruction is useful. In this paper, I present a case study that uses a combination of concepts from two theories, i.e. genre from systemic functional linguistics (SFL), which focuses on the social purpose of the text, and semantic wave from Legitimation Code Theory (LCT). which offers a scale of the degree of context dependency of the content. Through the stages of presentation of theoretical concepts, first-draft writing, teacher’s feedback, and student self-evaluation and revision, students have become more aware of the selection process. Making theoretical concepts accessible to students is the key.
Developing Strategies for the Effective Creation and Sharing of Notes
Authors: Moreau Robert
Published: August 2022

Making notes is a common activity for students to engage in, yet research shows that instruction on making efficient notes is not widely taught. This paper will discuss various concepts and suggest some simple activities that teachers can use in order to facilitate more effective note-taking amongst their students, which may potentially lead to more robust learning. This includes activities on organizing hand-written notes. Also, strategies that encourage the personalization of, as well as active engagement with notes will be covered. Finally, the paper introduces an individual learning log, which has benefits both in online, and in face-to-face classes. Using the log, students are able to actively engage with their notes through writing activities, as well as build their knowledge collaboratively through pair and small group discussions, centered around their notes.

一般に学生は授業でノートを取るが、効率的なノートの取り方に関してはあまり指導されていないという調査結果がある。本論文では、学生がより効果的にノートを取れるようになり、さらに学習意欲の向上にもつながる簡単なアクティビティを提案する。具体的には、手書きノートの整理、ノートのカスタマイズの仕方、ノートの活用方法等である。最後に、オンラインでも対面授業でも役に立つ個人の学習ログを紹介する。このログを利用することで、学生はより積極的にライティング・アクティビティに参加することができ、またノートを共有しながらのペアおよび小グループでのディスカッションを通して、共同でそれぞれの知識を構築することが可能になる。
A Textbook Analysis: With Focus on Foreign Language Activities
Authors: Ochiai Yoshimi
Published: August 2022

This study analyzed and evaluated the current Foreign Language Activities textbooks copyrighted by Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology for grades 3 and 4. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the prescribed textbooks foster cross-cultural consciousness in today’s globalized society. The images and words in the current textbooks were assessed to determine whether they helped pupils develop sufficient cultural understanding and to ensure that they do not provide biased knowledge in the foreign language curriculum. A content analysis, following Yuen (2011) and Davidson and Liu (2018), showed unbalanced cultural materials and disproportionate representations of non-Japanese countries and regions in the current textbooks. To equip pupils with multicultural perspectives and to raise their cultural awareness, future editions of these textbooks should include more cultural materials on diverse countries and feature a greater variety of cultural dimensions.

本稿は、小学３、４年生の外国語活動で使用される文部科学省著作教科書を分析した。本稿の目的は、グローバル社会の中で教科書がどのような異文化理解の素養を児童に育もうとしているのかを調査することにある。現行教科書に描かれている描写は、児童の異文化理解を十分に育むことができるのか、また外国語カリキュラムの中で偏った知識を伝えていないかを調査した。本調査は、Yuen(2011)とDavidson and Liu (2018)を踏襲し教科書の内容分析を行なった結果、当該教科書には文化的側面の表現描写、及び日本以外の国や地域の描写が不均衡に描かれていることが分かった。本研究の結果から、児童に多文化的な視点を身につけさせ、文化的な意識を高めるために、今後の教科書には文化の多角的な側面に着目しながら、より様々な国の文化的な表現を盛り込むことを提案したい。
An Online Application for Exploratory and Explanatory Data Analysis
Authors: Collett Paul
Published: August 2022

This paper introduces an online application developed to assist with statistical data analysis. While currently limited in scope to t tests, correlation, and regression analysis, the application moves beyond standard implementation of these tests by augmentation with bootstrapped statistics and several exploratory and explanatory graphical plots. Measures of effect size and confidence intervals are also calculated. The application is designed to be easy to use, requiring only input of correctly formatted data for the analyses to be run. After providing a brief introduction and rationale for the application, issues related to quantitative data analysis underpinning its analysis are outlined. Guidance on the functionality of the application is also provided. Finally, some caveats regarding its usage are addressed. Whilst aimed primarily at researchers with limited experience in quantitative data analysis, it is hoped the application may also be useful for a broad range of users.
本論文では、統計データ解析を支援するために開発されたオンラインアプリケーションを紹介する。現在のところ、t検定、相関、回帰分析に限定されているが、ブートストラップや探索的、説明的なグラフプロットで拡張することで、これらの検定の標準的な実装を超えるアプリケーションである。該アプリケーションを用れば、効果量と信頼区間も計算され、使いやすく設計されているために正しくフォーマットされたデータを入力するだけで分析が実行される。本論文では、アプリケーションの簡単な紹介と理論的根拠を示した後、解析の基礎となる定量的データ解析に関する問題を概説する。また、アプリケーションの機能に関するガイダンスと、使用の際の注意事項を提供する。定量データ解析の経験が浅い研究者を主な対象としているが、幅広いユーザーにとって有用なアプリケーションとなることを願っている。
JHS Online-communication Experience: Enhancing Willingness to Communicate
Authors: Otsuki Yuki
Published: August 2022

An online international exchange program was conducted at a public junior high school. Three Zoom sessions with Norwegian junior high school students and 11 English practice sessions were held. The goal was to investigate changes in students’ perceptions of using English, with emphasis on their WTC (willingness to communicate) through this activity. In addition, factors contributing to these changes were elucidated by employing questionnaires, reflective writing, and interviews. Analyzing the resulting multiple datasets showed that the overall WTC level increased, though with individual variations. Qualitative analysis revealed task type, peer relationships, and support systems to be influencing factors.
公立中学校においてオンライン国際交流を課外活動として実施した。ノルウェーの中学生とZoom上で3回交流し、英会話練習を11回実施した。この活動を通して、生徒たちのコミュニケーションへの意欲 (WTC) にどのような変化があったのかを捉えることを目的とした。また変化の要因をアンケートと振返り記述、インタビューを通して明らかにした。結果として、全体的にWTCに好影響が認められたが、 個人差があることも明らかになった。特に、活動の種類、 仲間との関係、 支援の体制などの影響が明らかになった。
Effects of Perceived Race on Comprehensibility, Intelligibility, and Accentedness Ratings
Authors: Lee Bradford
Published: August 2022

Reverse linguistic stereotyping (RLS) is the phenomenon whereby listeners’ speech perception is altered by information (or assumptions) about a speaker (e.g., gender, age, social class, ethnicity, nationality). However, while listeners tend to downwardly appraise speakers’ accents and comprehensibility when they perceive them to be of a different language community, past research has generally relied solely on Likert scale data. The current study suggests that qualitative investigation is also necessary to validly interpret raters’ responses. After collecting ratings of accentedness, comprehensibility, language proficiency, and intelligibility from 223 Japanese university students listening to a Japanese speech under a matched-guise, students reported what factors influenced their ratings. Listeners rated the speech of the Caucasian guise as significantly more accented. A key finding was that while comprehensibility ratings were equal, they were qualitatively different. Caucasian guise members cited pronunciation significantly more than the Asian-guise group, who reported grammatical and lexical factors as informing their rating decisions.
逆言語的ステレオタイプ（RLS）とは、話者に関する情報（性別、年齢、社会階級、民族、国籍など）により、聞き手の音声知覚が変化する現象のことである。過去の研究によると、聞き手が異なる言語コミュニティの話者と認識した場合、話者のアクセントや理解力を低く評価する傾向がある。本研究では、評価者の回答を的確に解釈するためには、リッカート尺度法に加えて質的な調査も必要であると考え、matched-guise techniqueを用いて、223名の日本人大学生が日本語のスピーチを聞き、アクセント、理解度、言語能力と明瞭度の評価を集めた後、どのような要因が評価に影響を与えたかを調査した。結果からみると、白人系の話し手はとりわけアクセントが強いと評価され、アジア系の話し手は文法的、語彙的な要因で低い理解度に繋がったという質的な違いがあることが分かった。
Reflections and New Perspectives: The 2021 GALE SIG Forum Report
Authors: Hoffman Aoki Quenby
Published: August 2022

This paper provides a summary report of the 2021 GALE SIG Forum, which focused on gender awareness in relation to the conference theme, reflections and new perspectives. Anna Walker shared her pilot study on a neglected area of research: sexual harassment in Japan’s conversation schools. Carey Finn offered her narrative of returning to full-time teaching during a global pandemic, highlighting the importance of expressing vulnerability and humor while negotiating emergency remote teaching and the return to face-to-face classes. Jackson Koon Yat Lee described his work toward diversity and equity in his local JALT Chapter, and as Chair of JALTs Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Committee, calling for action within JALT and in the language-teaching profession.
JALT GALE 研究部会のフォーラムでは、JALT 2021大会のテーマである「省察と新たな視点」について、ジェンダーの観点から発表が行われた。本稿はフォーラムに参加した三名の発表内容をまとめたものである。ウォーカーは、日本の英会話学校におけるセクシャルハラスメントという、これまであまり研究されてこなかった分野の試験的な調査について発表した。フィンは、世界的なパンデミック時にフルタイムの常勤講師として復帰した際のエピソードを紹介し、緊急遠隔授業と対面授業への復帰を交渉する際に、脆弱性とユーモアを表現することの重要性を強調した。リーは、JALTの多様性・公平性・包括性委員会の委員長として、多様性・公平性の確保に取り組んでいることを紹介し、JALTや語学教育界にアクションを起こすよう呼びかけた。
Pesan Kampanye Non-Goverment Organization terhadap Permasalahan Sampah Plastik
Authors: Asmara Dewi Wayan Weda , Syauki Wifka Rahma
Published: August 2022

Pencemaran lingkungan dari  sampah plastik memiliki banyak dampak negatif yang dapat membahayakan ekosistem bumi di masa sekarang dan depan. Inisiasi perubahan dalam penggunaan plastik banyak dilakukan oleh Organisasi Non-Pemerintahan (NGO). Harapannya dengan kampanye tersebut dapat merubah aspek pengetahuan (knowledge), sikap (attitude), dan perilaku (behavioural). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pesan kampanye Non-Government organization terhadap permasalahan sampah plastik BBPB. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif dari tujuh indikator pesan kampanye tersebut, audiens mampu menerima pesan kampanye dengan baik. Indikator paling berpengaruh adalah pada konten pesan, audiens tertarik dan percaya akan kredibilitas pesan yang disampaikan, serta mampu memahami pesan kampanye yang merupakan ajakan peduli lingkungan terutama pada penanganan sampah plastik. Maka dapat dikatakan bahwa pesan kampanye yang dilakukan oleh Bye Bye Plastic Bags (BBPB) diterima positif oleh publik
Investigating the Origin of X-Ray Jets: A Case Study of Four Hybrid Morphology MOJAVE Blazars
Authors: Sebastian Biny , Kharb Preeti , Lister Matthew L. , Marshall Herman L. , O’Dea Christopher P. , Baum Stefi A.
Published: August 2022

We carried out Chandra, Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and Very Large Array observations of four MOJAVE blazars that have previously been classified as hybrid (FR I/II) blazars in terms of radio morphology but not total radio power. The motivation of this study is to determine the X-ray emission mechanism in jets, these being different in FR I and FR II jets. We detected X-ray jet emission with sufficient signal to noise in two blazars, viz. PKS 0215+015 and TXS 0730+504. We carried out spectral energy distribution modeling of the broadband emission from the jet regions in these sources and found that a single synchrotron emission model is ruled out due to the deep upper limits obtained from HST optical and IR data. The inverse Compton-cosmic microwave background model can reproduce the X-ray jet emission in both sources although the model requires extreme jet parameters. Both our sources possess FR II-like radio powers and our results are consistent with previous studies suggesting that radio power is more important than FR morphology in determining the emission mechanism of X-ray jets.
The Photon Ring in M87*
Authors: Broderick Avery E. , Pesce Dominic W. , Gold Roman , Tiede Paul , Pu Hung-Yi , Anantua Richard , Britzen Silke , Ceccobello Chiara , Chatterjee Koushik , Chen 陈 Yongjun 永军 , Conroy Nicholas S. , Crew Geoffrey B. , Cruz-Osorio Alejandro , Cui 崔 Yuzhu 玉竹 , Doeleman Sheperd S. , Emami Razieh , Farah Joseph , Fromm Christian M. , Galison Peter , Georgiev Boris , Ho 何 Luis C. 子山 , James David J. , Jeter Britton , Jimenez-Rosales Alejandra , Koay Jun Yi , Kramer Carsten , Krichbaum Thomas P. , Lee Sang-Sung , Lindqvist Michael , Martí-Vidal Iván , Menten Karl M. , Mizuno Yosuke , Moran James M. , Moscibrodzka Monika , Nathanail Antonios , Neilsen Joey , Ni Chunchong , Park Jongho , Piétu Vincent , Rezzolla Luciano , Ricarte Angelo , Ripperda Bart , Shao Lijing , Tazaki Fumie , Toma Kenji , Torne Pablo , Weintroub Jonathan , Wielgus Maciek , Yuan 袁 Feng 峰 , Zhao Shan-Shan , Zhang Shuo
Published: August 2022

We report measurements of the gravitationally lensed secondary image—the first in an infinite series of so-called “photon rings”—around the supermassive black hole M87* via simultaneous modeling and imaging of the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations. The inferred ring size remains constant across the seven days of the 2017 EHT observing campaign and is consistent with theoretical expectations, providing clear evidence that such measurements probe spacetime and a striking confirmation of the models underlying the first set of EHT results. The residual diffuse emission evolves on timescales comparable to one week. We are able to detect with high significance a southwestern extension consistent with that expected from the base of a jet that is rapidly rotating in the clockwise direction. This result adds further support to the identification of the jet in M87* with a black hole spin-driven outflow, launched via the Blandford–Znajek process. We present three revised estimates for the mass of M87* based on identifying the modeled thin ring component with the bright ringlike features seen in simulated images, one of which is only weakly sensitive to the astrophysics of the emission region. All three estimates agree with each other and previously reported values. Our strongest mass constraint combines information from both the ring and the diffuse emission region, which together imply a mass-to-distance ratio of

4.20

−
0.06

+
0.12

μ
as

and a corresponding black hole mass of (7.13 ± 0.39) × 109
M
⊙, where the error on the latter is now dominated by the systematic uncertainty arising from the uncertain distance to M87*.
Delivery of Gas onto the Circumplanetary Disk of Giant Planets: Planetary-mass Dependence of the Source Region of Accreting Gas and Mass Accretion Rate
Authors: Maeda Natsuho , Ohtsuki Keiji , Tanigawa Takayuki , Machida Masahiro N. , Suetsugu Ryo
Published: August 2022

Gas accretion onto the circumplanetary disks and the source region of accreting gas are important to reveal dust accretion that leads to satellite formation around giant planets. We performed local three-dimensional high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations of an isothermal and inviscid gas flow around a planet to investigate the planetary-mass dependence of the gas accretion bandwidth and gas accretion rate onto circumplanetary disks. We examined cases with various planetary masses corresponding to M
p = 0.05–1M
Jup at 5.2 au, where M
Jup is the current Jovian mass. We found that the radial width of the gas accretion band is proportional to

M

p

1

/

6

for the low-mass regime with M
p ≲ 0.2M
Jup while it is proportional to M
p for the high-mass regime with M
p ≳ 0.2M
Jup. We found that the ratio of the mass accretion rate onto the circumplanetary disk to that into the Hill sphere is about 0.4 regardless of the planetary mass for the cases we examined. Combining our results with the gap model obtained from global hydrodynamic simulations, we derive a semi-analytical formula of mass accretion rate onto circumplanetary disks. We found that the mass dependence of our three-dimensional accretion rates is the same as the previously obtained two-dimensional case, although the qualitative behavior of accretion flow onto the circumplanetary disk is quite different between the two cases.
Multiple Channels for the Onset of Magnetism in Isolated White Dwarfs
Authors: Bagnulo Stefano , Landstreet John D.
Published: August 2022

The presence of a strong magnetic field is a feature common to a significant fraction of degenerate stars, yet little is understood about the field’s origin and evolution. New observational constraints from volume-limited surveys point to a more complex situation than a single mechanism valid for all stars. We show that in high-mass white dwarfs, which are probably the results of mergers, magnetic fields are extremely common and very strong and appear immediately in the cooling phase. These fields may have been generated by a dynamo active during the merging. Lower-mass white dwarfs, which are often the product of single-star evolution, are rarely detectably magnetic at birth, but fields appear very slowly, and very weakly, in about a quarter of them. What we may see is an internal field produced in an earlier evolutionary stage that gradually relaxes to the surface from the interior. The frequency and strength of magnetic fields continue to increase to eventually rival those of highly massive stars, particularly after the stars cool past the start of core crystallization, an effect that could be responsible for a dynamo mechanism similar to the one that is active in Earth’s interior.
Tucana B: A Potentially Isolated and Quenched Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy at D ≈ 1.4 Mpc*
Authors: Sand David J. , Mutlu-Pakdil Burçin , Jones Michael G. , Karunakaran Ananthan , Wang Feige , Yang Jinyi , Chiti Anirudh , Bennet Paul , Crnojević Denija , Spekkens Kristine
Published: August 2022

We report the discovery of Tucana B, an isolated ultra-faint dwarf galaxy at a distance of D = 1.4 Mpc. Tucana B was found during a search for ultra-faint satellite companions to the known dwarfs in the outskirts of the Local Group, although its sky position and distance indicate the nearest galaxy to be ∼500 kpc distant. Deep ground-based imaging resolves Tucana B into stars, and it displays a sparse red giant branch consistent with an old, metal-poor stellar population analogous to that seen in the ultra-faint dwarf galaxies of the Milky Way, albeit at fainter apparent magnitudes. Tucana B has a half-light radius of 80 ± 40 pc and an absolute magnitude of

M

V

=
−

6.9

−
0.6

+
0.5

mag (

L

V

=
(

5

−
2

+
4

)
×

10

4

L
⊙), which is again comparable to the Milky Way’s ultra-faint satellites. There is no evidence for a population of young stars, either in the optical color–magnitude diagram or in GALEX archival ultraviolet imaging, with the GALEX data indicating

log
(

SFR

NUV

/

M

⊙

yr

−
1

)
<
−
5.4

for star formation on ≲100 Myr timescales. Given its isolation and physical properties, Tucana B may be a definitive example of an ultra-faint dwarf that has been quenched by reionization, providing strong confirmation of a key driver of galaxy formation and evolution at the lowest mass scales. It also signals a new era of ultra-faint dwarf galaxy discovery at the extreme edges of the Local Group.
Sealing Ability and Adaptability of Nano Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as a Root-End Filling Material
Authors: Wagih Marwa , Hassanien Ehab , Nagy Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Aim: Comparison between Nano MTA & MTA as a root-end filling materials regarding adaptability and sealing ability.
Materials and Methods: Forty extracted human maxillary incisors with straight roots were used. After root canals preparation and obturation, the apical 3 mm of each root was resected perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth. Root end cavities were prepared to a depth of 3mm parallel to the long axis of the tooth. The teeth were randomly divided into two main equal groups of 20 samples each according to the root-end filling material used either MTA or Nano MTA. Ten samples from each group were sectioned longitudinally into two equal halves to measure the sealing ability and another ten samples from each group were sectioned transversally to obtain 1 mm thick section to measure the adaptability of both materials. All samples were photographed under the SEM at three different magnifications (×1000). The gap thickness between the root end filling material and the retro cavity dentine walls were measured at seven selected points at the material-dentine interface in micrometers (µm).
Results: Nano MTA and MTA showed no statistically significant difference in the gap thickness between dentin-material interface in both longitudinal and transverse sections. Regarding the sealing ability, the mean value in MTA was (3.27±0.77), while the mean in Nano-MTA was (3.15±0.71). Regarding the adaptability, the mean value in MTA was (2.46±0.60), while the mean in Nano-MTA was (2.05±0.712). Both materials showed good sealing ability and good adaptation to the dentinal wall.
Conclusion: Nano MTA revealed good sealing ability and adaptability comparable to MTA when used as a retrograde filling material.
Systematic revision and total evidence phylogenetic analysis of the Andean family Metasarcidae Kury, 1994 (Opiliones: Laniatores), with description of two new genera and twenty new species
Authors: Benedetti Alípio Rezende , Pinto-da-Rocha Ricardo
Published: August 2022

Metasarcidae Kury, 1994 (Gonyleptoidea) is exclusively distributed in the Andean region of South America, from northern Peru to southern Bolivia. This contribution reviews the family using traditional taxonomy and cladistics. The cladistic analysis is based on total evidence (TE), maximum likelihood (ML) and direct optimization of molecular and morphological characters. The data matrix is composed of DNA sequences from three mitochondrial loci (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and COI), from two nuclear loci (28S rRNA and H3) and 68 phenotypic characters. The dataset consists of 25 ingroup terminals (representing 20 species of the family) and eight outgroup species. The parsimony analysis resulted in one most parsimonious tree (L=4910) that recovered a monophyletic Metasarcidae, sister-group of Cosmetidae. As a result of the taxonomic revision and cladistic hypothesis, a new classification is proposed with six genera and 38 valid species of Metasarcidae, of which two genera and 20 species are described for the first time. Additionally, the following are established: six generic name synonymies; four species synonymies; seven new species combinations; and three secondary homonym species names replaced.
Réindustrialiser par le « made in France » : quelle place pour les investissements étrangers ?
Authors: Granier Caroline
Published: August 2022

Depuis 2019, la France est le premier pays d’accueil des investissements étrangers en Europe. Dans le secteur industriel, la France a même atteint cette place de leader dès les années 2000. Mais ces investissements étrangers ne sont pas à eux seuls la garantie d’un ancrage industriel durable, et encore moins d’une réindustrialisation. Ceci requiert bien d’autres outils.
La légalisation du cannabis en Uruguay
Authors: Obradovic Ivana
Published: August 2022

Première expérience mondiale de régulation du cannabis, la loi n° 19.172 adoptées en Uruguay en 2013 revendique de lutter différemment contre les drogues, en autorisant et en contrôlant la culture, la possession et l’usage de cannabis plutôt que de les interdire, à rebours des conventions internationales. L’article retrace la fabrication et la mise en place d’une législation originale encadrant le cannabis, centrée sur la prudence et les gages de sérieux pour désarmer les critiques croisées de la population, des États et des autorités internationales. Il montre comment cette réforme pionnière a, en tentant de construire un modèle de régulation restrictif, contribué à créer les conditions de sa mise en difficulté. Entre retards et atermoiements, le processus réformateur s’est aliéné une partie de ses soutiens si bien que, huit ans après, sa revendication politique reste incertaine.
L’autoproduction sous le radar
Authors: Lopez Fabienne , Carrez Raphaël
Published: August 2022

L’autoproduction du cannabis à des fins thérapeutiques est un marqueur fort de l’association Principes Actifs, composée de patients qui se soignent grâce à cette activité et la revendiquent. Récréative ou médicale, la culture personnelle de cannabis est en plein essor en France. Nous retracerons son évolution, ses causes et ses avantages, puis exposerons les conditions d’un bon jardinage. Enfin, en examinant les risques encourus par les patients cultivateurs dans le contexte délétère de la prohibition, nous réaffirmerons l’urgence d’une réforme.
Les mineurs moins interpellés pour usage de stupéfiants : l’effet de l’amende forfaitaire délictuelle
Authors: Gerbeaux Alexis , Poulhes Mathilde
Published: August 2022

L’amende forfaitaire délictuelle (AFD) pour usage de stupéfiants a été mise en place en France en 2020 pour renforcer la lutte contre les drogues. Cette réforme permet aux services de sécurité d’adresser directement sur le lieu de l’infraction une amende aux usagers de stupéfiants majeurs plutôt que d’ouvrir une procédure en commissariat de police ou en brigade de gendarmerie qui serait transmise ensuite à la justice. Grâce aux données exhaustives du ministère de l’Intérieur recensant tous les auteurs présumés liés aux stupéfiants enregistrés en France par les services de police et de gendarmerie, on estime que la mise en place des AFD conduit à une forte augmentation des mis en cause pour usage seul de stupéfiants (+39 %), qui s’accompagne d’une forte baisse de la proportion (-50 %) et du volume (-5 700) de mis en cause mineurs en 2021. Ces évolutions sont très contrastées selon les départements.
Agglomeration and dissolution of iron oxide nanoparticles in simplest biological media
Authors: Godymchuk Anna , Ilyashenko Alexey , Konyukhov Yury , Offor Peter Ogbuna , Baisalova Galiya
Published: August 2022

Despite high medical and biological potential, the penetration of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) into a human body can cause their dissolution with subsequent accumulation of highly toxic iron compounds. The paper describes the agglomeration and dissolution behavior of differently sized α-Fe2O3 NPs in the simplest biological solutions. The average sizes of the initial NPs according to the BET analysis are 12, 32, and 115 nm. Within 30–60 min exposure, the particle size and concentration of iron released into the solutions increases in the suspensions, accompanied by an intensive change of NPs surface charge. After an hour of exposure, the colloidal properties do not change significantly, although the dissolution degree ambiguously fluctuates. It has been shown that the agglomeration of the particles in the simplest pulmonary fluid is lower than in the simplest sweat fluid, compared to the dissolution degree, which is much higher in the pulmonary fluid than in the sweat. The colloidal stability of suspensions reduces with a decrease of NPs' size, e.g., the average size of particles is 315,289, and 248 nm, while zeta potential is 2, 9, and 17 mV, respectively for 12, 32, and 115 nm NPs in 3-hour suspensions. It has been found that 24 h dissolution degree of α-Fe2O3 NPs reaches 2.3% and 0.4%, respectively, in the simplest pulmonary and sweat fluids. The mechanism of dissolution of hematite NPs in the slightly acidic and acidic mediums is proposed.
A Critical Autoethnography of a Multilingual English Composition Instructor
Authors: Tarkan-Blanco Bashak
Published: August 2022

This chapter details the author's learning English as a foreign language in her home country, Turkey, followed by a critical incident that took place in a freshman composition class in the United States. The author reflects on the ways in which that pivotal experience changed her perception of self, as well as how she coped with similar occurrences throughout her teaching career. Combining World Englishes with mutuality, the author makes recommendations for dealing with negative student comments proactively.
A Collaborative Cloud Model of Auto Scaling With Load Balancing for Effective E-Commerce
Authors: Bilgaiyan Saurabh , Mishra Bhabani Shankar Prasad , Ansari Rashid , Sagnika Santwana
Published: August 2022

Cloud computing focuses on the collaboration of distributed resource services over the network. This chapter focuses on the problem of unequal distribution of traffic load across a different number of subnets of a VPC (virtual private cloud) in a cloud computing environment. It also highlights the idea of collaborating auto scaling and load balancing to achieve an equal distribution of load across the servers. This chapter demonstrates the efficiency of our techniques through detailed process. The load balancer behaves as a single point of contact for the traffic. The benefit of this combined technique can easily be implemented in an e-commerce system (i.e., during sales/certain events, there is a huge spike in traffic at once, which may result in the crashing of the server). Here, load balancer and auto scalability can work in combination for smooth user experience. Finally, this chapter concludes that the collaboration of load balancer along with auto scaling will increase the performance of the instances.
E-Healthcare System for Disease Detection Based on Medical Image Classification Using CNN
Authors: Das Himansu , Gourisaria Mahendra Kumar , Sah Badal Kumar , Bilgaiyan Saurabh , Badajena J Chandrakanta , Pattanayak Radha Mohan
Published: August 2022

With the advancement of the internet, the e-commerce sector has seen a tremendous opportunity in the field for e-healthcare, which has resulted in decrement of labor cost, faster insurance claims, and much more. Machine learning has paved various regimes, which the future of medical treatment and teaching could be based upon. Thereafter, with the advent of these methods, the timeline of extracting and segregating patients started to become a more straightforward process. The sorting process could be primarily based on symptoms, medical reports, and medical test results. Had this been based on human interpretation, it may render itself limited due to subjectivity, complexity, and factors of human error. Thus, herein, the method of convolution neural network (CNN)-based algorithm is applied on x-ray data sets to determine brain tumor and coronavirus in patients. The authors also try to provide a short snapshot of what the future could be for the medical industry with the incorporation of deep learning to access and cure various diseases.
Accounting Student Perceptions From Internship That Trigger Adaptations in Training After the Pandemic
Authors: Tsoutsa Paraskevi , Damasiotis Vyron , Tsifora Evdokia
Published: August 2022

The pandemic has disrupted the education around the world, impacting the way it is delivered. Teaching and training during this period create challenges to students since online learning provides the knowledge transfer that were usually done physically. Accounting internships enable students to get familiarized with different types of accounting context in a realistic environment. During the pandemic, this setting has changed, and the remote internship becomes the new reality. The aim of this research was to obtain feedback from accounting students who experienced internship due to pandemic by (1) collecting their opinion and expectations regarding this new form of internship, (2) stating their satisfaction of the internship program, (3) addressing their readiness for doing the internship, and (4) indicating the fulfillment of the internship's learning outcomes. The outcome of the study revealed interesting results and a set of factors that accounting faculty should endeavor to address in order to build resilience into the accounting internship.
Diamond-Like Carbon Film Deposited via Electrochemical Route for Antireflection Applications in Photovoltaic
Authors: Shabbir Altamash , Khan Zuhair , Ali Asghar , Qasim Wajahat , Ahmad Nisar , Hussain Zain , Pervaiz Hina
Published: August 2022

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is widely studied for various applications such as optoelectronics, energy, aerospace, and medicine. It’s hard, chemically inert, and optically transparent. Due to its superior antireflection properties, DLC films are more suited for photovoltaic technology. Here in this work, we report a facile, high speed, and low-cost method of DLC film development from an aqueous solution via electrodeposition. The effect of applied voltage and solution concentration on the properties of DLC film was analyzed. The morphology, shape, and uniformity of the DLCs were analyzed with optical and electron microscopies. The presence of C-H, C-C, and C=C bonds in the DLC films was confirmed from FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. Whereas the optical behavior was analyzed with a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The DLC films were deposited at 2.7 V, 4V, 6V, 8V, and 10V, and it was shown that for a fixed electrolyte concentration and electrode spacing, the applied voltage can be adjusted to obtain varying deposition rates. Likewise, the solution concentration was varied in the 2 vol.% to 10 vol.%, and it was demonstrated that by increasing the solution concentration the deposition rate increases. The increase in the deposition rate was evidenced by an increase in the deposition current as well as the roughness of the films. It was noticed that smaller-sized, well-defined, and more uniform DLC films were obtained at lower concentrations and low voltage levels. The band gap was varied between 2.91ev to 3.39ev. It was clearly shown that reflection reduced remarkably after depositing DLC film on the substrate surface. This work demonstrates that DLC film has a potential to utilized as an antireflection layer in photovoltaic application.
Are Threats the Connection? Linking Cultural and Natural Resource Conservation
Authors: Brown Madeline , Schroder Whittaker , Murtha Timothy
Published: August 2022

Despite the recent values placed on integrating cultural resources into natural resource landscape conservation design, cultural resources are difficult to define, challenging to manage, are not integrated into analysis and planning until natural resource priorities are established, and face complex threats which are not fully understood. In this paper, we focus on how practitioners define threats to cultural resources through successive freelists, outlining eight categories in order to better align cultural resources with landscape-scale conservation design in North America. Identifying and understanding threat perceptions to cultural resources will improve their management and conservation. We find that although some practitioners recognise both direct and indirect threats, many clearly focus management decisions on direct threats such as the physical degradation of cultural resources. Indirect threats, including climate change or lack of funding, are also identified, but transcend daily management practice. While integrating cultural and natural resource conservation is critical, we need core studies to establish preservation priorities and shared definitions and identify key threats facing resources. We conclude that one potential path toward integrated conservation could be established by defining the shared threats facing both natural and cultural resources and explicitly developing a foundational model of threats for cultural resource conservation.
Foveal Avascular Zone in diabetic hypertensive patients
Authors: AbuElwafa Marwa M. , Tabl Ahmed A. , Shaarawy Mona G. , Elgazzar Hamdy A. , El-Shahed Ahmed F.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To evaluate changes that occur in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in diabetic hypertensive patients by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Patients and methods

OCTA was performed for 60 eyes of 35 diabetic hypertensive patients. This study was done in Benha University Hospital between February and June 2021. FAZ area was measured by a frame that was centered around it. Moreover, the vessel density was measured also by detecting the superficial vessel density (SVD) and the deep vessel density (DVD).

Results

In diabetic hypertensive (60 eyes of 35 patients) with average age 55.52 (±6.88) years and mean duration of the disease 12.17 (±7.15) years, the mean value of the FAZ was 0.37 (±0.54) mm, denoting enlargement of the FAZ diameter. In addition, the vessel density showed that there is decreasing in the SVD (43.9±5.89) and it was correlated to the best-corrected visual acuity and age of the patients (P<0.05), while it was highly correlated to the DVD (P<0.001). On the other hand, there was a decrease in DVD with a mean of 43.17±7.44, which was statistically significant with the age of the patients (P<0.05), but there was no significant relationship with duration of the disease, glycated hemoglobin, and best-corrected visual acuity.

Conclusion

OCTA is a noninvasive technique to image the retinal and choroidal vasculature. The study concluded that diabetic retinopathy in the presence of systemic hypertension leads to increasing of the FAZ area. Moreover, it leads to decreasing in both the SVD and DVD. Also, it allows for early detection and easy follow-up of the disease.
Evaluation of Anaphylaxis
Authors: Rathi Vidushi , Ish Pranav
Published: August 2022

Anaphylaxis has been defined as a serious allergic reaction that can even amount to death. However, the approach to the patient remains grossly individualized. Treatment aims at rapid intervention to prevent mortality. This review gives a detailed yet simplified approach to anaphylaxis, its diagnosis, and management.
Self Working Water-Based Instrument for Positive Expiratory Pressure by Resistance Device and its Effectiveness in Improving Oxygenation in Acute Pulmonary Edema, during the COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: Paul Akhil , Mathew Susana
Published: August 2022

Background:

About 20% to 67% of COVID 19 infected patients who are admitted to the hospitals and 100% of mechanically ventilated patients suffer from acute respiratory distress syndrome. Extrinsic positive expiratory pressure (PEP) can improve oxygenation by direct and indirect mechanisms, thus reducing the need of medical oxygen. But high-budget and sophisticated machines are required to provide this positive airway pressure, adding on to the treatment cost of the patient and investment expenditure by the health-care facilities. We have designed a simple self-working device called self-working water-based instrument for positive expiratory pressure by resistance (SWIPER) device which can provide a PEP. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of this device in improving oxygenation in patients with acute pulmonary edema, which was quantified using pulse oximetry.

Methods:

Patients who were admitted to the medical intensive care unit during the study period, with an acute pulmonary edema-a diagnosis which was made clinico-radiologically, were chosen as the subjects for the study. Once the patients were critically stabilized by the already existing treatment protocols, the SWIPER device was applied.

Results:

The device was introduced on 15 patients who were selected after applying the inclusion-exclusion criteria of the study. The mean age of the study group was 65 years (men-64 years, Women-66 years). Eight of them had cardiogenic pulmonary edema whereas seven of them had nephrogenic pulmonary edema. The median baseline SpO2level was 90% (86%, 94%) and the median plateau SpO2level after using the SWIPER device was 94% (91%, 99%) (*P < 0.001). The mean rise in SpO2on using the device was 6% (1.89) which was clinically significant.

Conclusion:

SWIPER device is effective in significantly increasing the SpO2 in patients with acute pulmonary edema by providing a PEP. This device is not a replacement for the existing positive airway pressure-providing electrical devices. However, SWIPER devices will definitely come in handy in resource-limited settings in providing better treatment and care till the standard therapeutic measures are obtained. It will also help in significantly reducing the medical oxygen consumption in managing such patients.
Strain and Myocardial Work Index during Echo Exercise to Evaluate Myocardial Function in Athletes
Authors: Borzì Davide Domenico , Saladino Stefano , Losi Valentina , Faro Denise Cristiana , Monte Ines Paola
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the application of global longitudinal strain (GLS) and myocardial work (MW) at rest and during exercise in healthy sedentary or trained participants, to test their ability to improve echocardiographic information and to complement prescribing exercise, cardiac screening, or rehabilitation programs.

Methods:

Thirty healthy males were divided into three groups of 10, sedentary (G1), resistance (G2) and power (G3) athletes, underwent a standard clinical evaluation protocol and exercise stress testing echocardiography.

Results:

During stress, all showed increased left ventricular ejection fraction and mitral annulus tissue Doppler (E'). G1 showed a decrease in left atrial volume (LAVi) as opposed to an increase in G3. E/E 'a decrease in G2, unlike the increase in G3. All groups showed increase of Strain (GLS average AV, Longitudinal LS, Medio-Basal MB Apical AP), global constructive work (GCW), and Global wasted work. G1 showed increase for global work efficiency, G2 and G3 for global work index (GWI). G3 showed a greater variation of E/E', LAVi, GWI and GCW compared to G1 and G2, greater of GLS AV, LS-AP compared to G2. Only G3 showed differences for GLS AV versus LS-AP. The relative regional strain ratio showed a greater value in G3 versus G1 at the end of stress compared to rest.

Conclusions:

The new echocardiographic applications to study the physiological adaptation could open new perspectives for the diagnostic and therapeutic development through the prescription of personalized exercises and screening and follow-up of the early pathological changes of the athlete's heart.
Asymptomatic Left Atrial Myxoma
Authors: Tetera Weronika , Wilk Aleksandra , Król Wojciech , Braksator Wojciech
Published: August 2022

Primary tumors of the heart are extremely rare. The most common is the left atrial myxoma. This article presents a case of large asymptomatic left atrial myxoma in an 80-year-old woman. The patient was admitted to the hospital emergency department after a traffic accident. After a performed trauma scan and an echocardiographic examination, a diagnosis of asymptomatic left atrial myxoma was made. The patient was discharged from the hospital with a referral for a consultation at a cardiac surgery center, which the patient did not attend. The treatment of choice for myxomas is surgical removal. The detection of a myxoma usually is considered as an emergency however the tumor described here has the characteristics of myxoma in the complication-free phase. Given the patient's age, reluctance to undergo invasive surgery, and tumor characteristics, it seems that abandoning invasive management in favor of monitoring the patient's condition may be the preferred therapy.
Diagnosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma with Clear Cell Features in Pleural Effusion
Authors: Erdogan-Durmus Senay , Yulek Ozden , Erdem Zeynep Betul
Published: August 2022

Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the lungs is no longer referred to as a subtype in recent classifications of lung adenocarcinoma. Like signet ring features, clear cell features are regarded as cytological features rather than histological subtypes. Additionally, in serous fluids, adenocarcinoma metastasis with clear cell features is a diagnostic challenging entity due to other tumors that come to mindfirst during the differential diagnosis. Here we report a case, diagnosed as CCA of lung metastasis in pleural fluid and evaluated its differential diagnosis.
Assessment and Comparison of Periodontal Status and Its Impact on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Urban and Rural Adults of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Dalai Sasmita , Tangade Pradeep , Singh Vikas , Jain Ankita , Priyadarshi Surbhi , Yadav Jagriti
Published: August 2022

Context:

Periodontal diseases negatively influence people's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and despite advancements; still disparity exists among urban and rural dwellers. OHRQoL helps in a better understanding of subjective perception ensuring a better treatment plan that fits the patient's needs and concerns.

Aims and Objectives:

(1) To record the periodontal status of urban and rural populations of Moradabad using WHO pro forma 2013. (2) To assess and compare the OHRQoL using the oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14).

Subjects and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the rural (350) and urban (350) population of Moradabad aged 35–44 years, chosen from the outpatient department of Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Hospital. The WHO oral health assessment form for adults (2013) was used to assess the periodontal status and OHIP-14 was used for assessing OHRQoL.

Statistical Analysis Used:

SPSS version 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square, Student's t-test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed for statistical analysis.

Results:

The prevalence of loss of attachment (LOA) (93.20%), presence of pocket (76.0%), and bleeding on probing (BOP) (74.0%) was significantly higher among the rural population. The mean OHIP scores were significantly higher for the rural population as compared to urban counterparts. Among the study population, OHIP 14 was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with age, gender, socioeconomic status, location, and periodontal parameters (LOA, Pocket, and BOP).

Conclusions:

The study shows that there is a significant association between periodontal status and OHRQoL. Rural individuals had a greater impact on OHRQoL than their urban counterpart. Strategies should be planned and implemented to minimize the disparity.
Assessment of Relative Translucency and Resultant Color of Contemporary Resin-Matrix Ceramics Indicated for Laminate Veneers and Full Crowns
Authors: Uğur S , Günal B
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims:

Evaluation of the optical properties of restorative materials is an important parameter for identifying clinical success. The aim of this study was to compare the translucency of contemporary resin-matrix ceramics (RMCs) and to evaluate the effect of cement shade on the final color of RMCs indicated for laminate veneers and full crowns.

Materials and Methods:

A hundred A2 shade RMC specimens were fabricated by using Mazic Duro (MD), CAMouflage NOW (CN), KZR-CAD HR2 (KZR), Grandio Block (GB), and Brilliant Crios (BC) at 0.7-mm and 1.5-mm thicknesses (n = 10). A2 shade composite resin was used for the foundation structure. Twenty resin-cement specimens were prepared from A2 and translucent shades at 0.1-mm thickness. Interchangeably, the foundation-cement-resin matrix ceramic assemblies were created with optical gel. The color coordinates were recorded using a spectrophotometer. After calculating translucency parameter (TP00) and color difference (ΔE00) values, data were analyzed statistically (P = 0.05).

Results:

TP00 values were influenced by RMC type and thickness. TP00 values of RMCs can be listed in descending order as MD>GB = CN>BC=KZR. ΔE00 values were significantly influenced by all parameters and their interactions. MD exhibited higher ΔE00 values among tested RMCs. The effect of A2 cement was not perceived visually while TR cement demonstrated visually perceptible but clinically acceptable values for both laminate veneers and full crowns. As the material thickness decreased, the TP00 and ΔE00 values increased in all RMCs.

Conclusions:

Clinicians should carefully prefer cement shade and RMC material by contemplating their impact on the optical properties particularly when the restoration is thin.