bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF LISTENERS' EXPECTATIONS OF SPEAKERS' NATIVENESS: IDENTIFICATION OF PHONEMIC VOWEL LENGTH
Authors: Zuraiq Wael , Al-Omari Moh'd , Al Shboul Sabri , Al Huneety Anas , Mashaqba Bassil
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: This study is to describe an experiment in which native Arabic listeners identified phonemic vowels in Arabic words. Native Arabic speakers from a variety of dialects and non-native Arabic speakers spoke the words. The main objective of the present study is to understand the neglected role of the native listeners in making communication successful or impeded when native listeners lack adequate information about the non-native speaker and when the top-down processing is absent. Methodology: The present study examined real Arabic minimal pairs (short versus long vowels) uttered at a regular speaking rate by both native speakers of Arabic (NSA) as a control group and non-native speakers of Arabic (NNSA) as a test group. First, we told the listeners that they would hear speakers from various countries, and we did not tell them that the stimuli had non-native words. In the subsequent part of the experiment, we told native listeners that they would hear both native speakers and non-native intermediate speakers. Main Findings: The major outcome of the present study is that listeners made slower and less correct identifications when they knew that some of the speakers were non-native. The finding of the experiment confirms the hypothesis that the processing of non-native productions is influenced by native listeners' negative expectations about non-native speakers with the absence of adequate facilitating details. Applications of this study: The study contributes to the psycholinguistic understanding of the role of the native listeners' expectations and attitudes towards non-native speakers and contributes to the understanding of the interaction between native listeners and non-native speakers. The study can help linguists in understanding the role of listeners in communication impediments within the top-down approach. Novelty/Originality of this study: This work adopts a new approach where we tested the same listeners twice, first with no information about non-native speakers and second with information that they will hear non-native speakers in the stimuli. Such an approach intends to improve our perception towards language communication within listeners' attitudes as associated with foreign speakers when information about the context of stimuli is inadequate.
FINANCIAL RISK TOLERANCE ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN RETAIL INVESTORS
Authors: Ahmad Gatot Nazir , Warokka Ari , Puji Lestari Irna
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study aims to analyze how risk tolerance of Indonesian retail investors is based on sociodemographic characteristics and also related to the multidimensional risk Due to the different characteristics of investors turn out to become different levels of risk tolerance for each individual investor, hence considering investor's sociodemographic factors is very important in assessing risk tolerance. Methodology: This study used quantitative analysis. The random sampling was obtained from the sample cohorts, which consist of the Indonesian retail investor club. Data was collected through an online survey and gathered 407 respondents. Then, the data was analyzed by using PLS with Smart-PLS 3.0 software. Result: Our findings showed that the most of socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, education, and income affected the financial risk tolerance, whereas ethics do not affect financial risk tolerance. And risk capacity partially mediated socio-demographics on financial risk tolerance. Application: The investor and financial advisers would use this analysis in assessing risk tolerance and determining the best type of investment and best suits the risk preference of investors. Novelty: To the best our knowledge, this study is pretty scarce. Not like the previous studies, this research also use an advanced method which explores variables interdependency. This research is the first one in Indonesia, which compiles socio-demographic variables. And also it is an enriched empirical and literature manner.
INTERNAL PROFESSIONAL MOBILITY OF LYCEUM TEACHERS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT PAST GENERATIONS
Authors: Pishchik Vlada
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: to identify the dynamics of internal professional mobility (level of motivation, pedagogical reflection, innovation orientation, style of educational communication) of teachers ‒ participants of the program to increase internal professional mobility. They belong to the “Transitional” generation, which appeared in the Soviet Union and the “Information” generation, which was established in the period of perestroika.
Methodology: The subjects of the study are high school teachers, Russia. The comparative psychodiagnostic method was used before and after the training program. The purpose of data collection was to fill in the methodology forms. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, methods for determining the significance of differences in indicators.
Main Findings: Before the program, teachers of the “Transition” generation expressed a desire to retrain and be active in innovation, and teachers of the “Information” generation expressed a desire to make suggestions. The motivation to avoid failure prevailed in the groups. Pedagogical reflection prevailed among teachers of the “Transitional” generation. After passing the program, teachers began to show motivation for achievement and teachers of the “Information” generation increased their pedagogical reflection.
Applications of this study: The research can be useful in the field of methodological support for improving internal professional mobility of teachers. Teachers must constantly change to offer new and interesting projects for students that belong to another generation. Internal attitudes, values, motivation, innovative orientation, and communication style of the teacher affect the success of students and reduce the stress of teaching activities.
Originality of this study: the study complements the idea of the influence of the factor ‒ generation ‒ on balancing the pedagogical activity of teachers, their readiness to change, and their high motivation to new projects. The professional mobility program increases their subjective well-being and harmonizes educational communication between teachers and students.
DESTRUCTIVE NATURE OF MANIPULATIVE CONTENT, CREATED BY CRIMINAL LEADERS OF TOTALITARIAN PSEUDO-RELIGIOUS CULTS WITH MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: L. Tretyakov Ivan
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the Study: The analysis characteristics of the manipulative content, created by members of the totalitarian pseudo-religious groups, as well as the consideration of the manipulative techniques, which the criminals use to destructively influence both individual and social consciousness in pursuit of achieving their goals, constitutes the purpose of this study. Methodology: The materialistic theory of knowledge, as well as the fundamental principles of philosophy and the legal theory, formed the methodological frameworks of this work. The theoretical principles of psychological and sociological knowledge were based on the concept of a systematic (holistic) study of a personality from the holistic (gestalt) standpoint. Main Findings: The manipulative content, which the members of the totalitarian pseudo-religious groups post on social networks, evidently shows all signs of the hidden psychological impacts aimed at both conscious and unconscious components of the human psyche. Those who create such content actively use the resources of the well-known search engines, adapting them to their specific needs. When rites and ceremonies are performed, manipulative in-fluences are mixed in nature (being verbal, visual, and kinesthetic) and are deeply traumatic for the participants’ psyche. Applications of this Study: The results can be useful for the classes on Information security. With all cultural and linguistic, legal, and general social context of communications, our findings have practical importance for assessing the hidden content of the religion-related topics. Novelty of this study: The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author analyzed the methods, which the criminal leaders of pseudo-religious groups and movements use for creating and disseminating their manipulative messages. Moreover, the author formulated his proposals regarding the prevention of crimes committed with information technologies in the sphere of religious relations.
SOCIAL REPRESENTATION AND THE CONCEPT OF BETRAYAL AS RESOURCES IN SOCIAL SITUATION
Authors: E. Vinogradova Yana , D. Gurieva Svetlana , G. Pochebut Ludmila , A. Chiker Vera
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the Study: The article presents research on social representations of the phenomenon of Betrayal. The main use of our study is to highlight the concept of Betrayal and study the social representations of the social situation. The study traced the main differences in the concept and social representation of the phenomenon of betrayal in two age samples. Methodology: To obtain information on the actual attitude to the phenomenon we conduct the survey. The texts processed content analysis method. The data collection process in SPSS, 21: descriptive statistics, method of averages calculation, comparative analysis. Principal Findings: Selected differences in social perceptions in the studied groups of different ages reflect the boundaries of the concept. The analysis of structural components shows the dynamics of social representations. Emotional and rational styles of behavior in a social situation, typical for a middle-age group, have been singled out. Behavioral styles differ in average values of "possibility to betray". Applications of this study: The results of the research are applicable both in training courses on the psychology of communication and in educational programs on forming a metacognitive assessment of the social situation. The show features of the actual attitude to Betrayal - "possibility of betrayal" are relevant in the analysis of the socio-psychological climate of the groups, organizations, companies. Novelty of this study: The data on inclusion in the concept of Betrayal of different levels of ideas about the social situation explains the possibilities of the assessment of the social situation. The results of the research expand the understanding of the importance of negative situations as social-psychological factors of social capital destruction, both on the personal and organizational levels.
NOVICE UNIVERSITY TEACHERS: COMPARISON OF YOUNG PROFESSIONALS WITH AND WITHOUT PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Krepkaia Tatyana , Karpovich Irina , Voronova Larisa , Ivanova Tatiana
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: To determine problems of novice university teachers without pedagogical education face in professional, psychological, and motivational spheres of induction and compare the frequency of the detected problems in these spheres of induction process within the groups of novice university teachers with and without pedagogical education. Methodology: An exploratory inductive approach was adopted in this study. 93 novice educators took part in the series of surveys. The researchers applied the quantitative method to collect data using a questionnaire. The study involved quantitative data analysis containing the descriptive statistical analysis and the correlation analysis in SPSS Version 23 (IBM Corp., 2016), which provided the researchers with new insights and detailed results. Main Findings: All novice university teachers face problems of adaptation to professional activity. Comparison of novice university teachers with and without pedagogical education resulted in the following findings: the difference between the values of novice teachers with and without a teaching degree is, in most cases, statistically significant. It makes it possible to conclude that university teachers without pedagogical education need support via additional educational programmes. Applications of this study: This study can be useful in planning the curriculum for postgraduate students. Educational authorities should take into consideration the identified difficulties faced by young university teachers without pedagogical education in the process of planning the curriculum for postgraduate education programmes and professional development programmes. Novelty of this study: This research is particularly relevant for improving the professional culture of specialists in the field of education and contributes to the solution of the professional adaptation problem faced by novice educators. The obtained results can enhance the educational programmes of the professional development of young university teachers.
TEACHING LEGAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY THE CASE METHOD IN RUSSIAN-ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAIR
Authors: Muravev Yury
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: The study aims to find parallels between legal translation practice and training by analyzing the case study methods' capabilities and limitations in academic institutions. It presents a comparative research of various situations of professional communication and legal documents employed as learning tools for the case study method in a classroom environment.

Methodology: The primary methods used in this research are case study method, analysis of ESP teaching materials, methods of comparative linguistics, descriptive statistics, and translation studies. The study rests on the use of translation techniques in Russian-English translation of case briefs that is why the author used algorithm-based machine translation software and grammar analysis software for in-depth analysis of legal documents.

Main Findings: Regular exercise following the suggested patterns of language training based on comparative legal case studies improves the relative translation competence and students' readiness for written and oral 'on-the-spot' translation in Russian-English language pair. It develops professional cross-cultural communication skills at the end of the final semester of Legal English training.

Applications of this study: The results of the research, including the suggested exercise patterns for implementing the case study method in teaching Russian-English translation, may be used as Legal English learning tools. Besides, some results of the research may contribute to the improvement of output quality of machine translation systems and the development of legal tech software.

Novelty of this study: The article presents a case study method used in legal translation training and task design for advanced levels of Legal English. The secondary goal is to find teaching methods that may enhance the learning motivation of Legal English students by realistic scenarios of business simulation games. The novelty aspect is the practical use of adjustable frames in task design.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY ON THE EXAMPLE OF SAINT-PETERSBURG
Authors: Anatolievna Ignatjeva Olga , Vladislavovich Pletnev Alexander
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: Identification of the prospects for the social entrepreneurship expansion in the sphere of social-oriented not-for-profit organizations using the example of St. Petersburg. The object of study: social-oriented not-for-profit organizations. The subject of research: social entrepreneurship in the field of social not-for-profit organizations. The scientists and practitioner can use these findings for the development of this activity type. Methodology: The research methods used in this study are survey, qualitative analysis of documents and ground theory. We use the author’s questionnaire. It presented in the Appendix to this article. We use a statistical method for processing nominal data with the aid of SPSS. Main Findings: The study revealed that social-oriented not-for-profit organizations and government social agencies work with the same social groups and offer similar services. Therefore, to increase the competitiveness of not-for-profit organizations, these organizations should provide services at a high client-oriented level. We found that because of the lack of permanent sources of funding, the problem of fundraising exists. Applications of this study: The results of the current study are applicable for improvement of commercial and social practices of social-oriented not-for-profit organizations, in the expansion of services for the additional professional education of such organizations’ personnel, in the development of practices in fundraising and crowdsourcing, in improving applications for grant support from the state, in the diversification of services. Novelty/Originality of this study: We revealed that social-oriented not-for-profit organizations and state social agencies work with the same social groups and offer similar services; we found that the problem of fundraising becomes a priority for this organizations; personnel in these organizations has different education; the representatives of not-for-profit organizations understand the purposes of social entrepreneurship.
IN-STORE BRAND COMMUNICATION: WHEN SHELF-SPACE AND DISPLAY SEDUCE CONSUMERS
Authors: Sukma Wijaya Bambang , Saggaff Shihab Muchsin , Ayu Wijaya Sheila , Rudianto Dudi , Sugandi Annie
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: This study aims at analyzing the role of shelf-space and display in stimulating impulse buying. Further, this study also covers the comparison between all shelf positions (regular-shelf, Chiller, and wings-rack) to get insights deeper into which one is the most effective in stimulating impulse buying. Methodology: By highlighting the case of a beverage brand in a hypermarket in Indonesia, the recent study uncovers the experiences and perceptions of 200 participants through an explanatory survey. The primary data collection has been done by distributing survey questionnaires to 200 target respondents located in Jakarta. The data collected have been analysed using SPSS software. Main Findings: Both shelf-space and display factors are found to have a positive and significant effect on impulse buying, where the former is found dominant. Various constructs in shelf-space such as the spaciousness-of-shelf, highness-of-traffic, largeness-of-shelf, easiness in finding the shelf, and in-store display communications such as the attractiveness-of-color, cleanness-of-display, neatness-of-display arrangement, the blocking-space, and the attractiveness-of-product arrangement emerge validly. Of the three objects studied, the chiller had the highest effectiveness compared to the regular-shelf and wings-rack in arousing the impulsivity of consumer purchases. This fact shows that the appearance of cold drinks seems to have a significant effect on consumers in causing impulse buying, especially for consumers in tropical countries like Indonesia. The seller or brand owner should consider this finding. Applications of this study: This study confirms the real, meaningful, and experiential visual power of in-store brand communications. So the brand can explore creatively and ergonomically as well as maximizing the potentials of visual communication, especially shelf-space and display in sales spaces as silent sellers. Novelty/Originality of this study: Few studies still pay attention to the role of in-store brand communications in encouraging impulse buying, especially in an era where the virtual shopping world is increasingly distracting researchers and marketers from the spark of communication events in the actual shopping space. This article proves how the attractiveness of in-store brand communications through shelf-space and in-store displays has a significant impact on impulse buying.
SOCIOCULTURAL ADAPTATION OF STUDENTS IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT: CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS
Authors: I. Valieva Fatima , A. Ivanova Ekaterina , I. Dashkina Aleksandra
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: This research provides a general understanding of the factors influencing international students' adaptation experience by focusing on the challenges and problems they face during their matriculation. The study's objective was to compare the peculiarities of adaptation of students' groups of different countries in a foreign language culture through a particular set of characteristics and factors. Methodology: We conducted the study at the SPbPU of St. Petersburg (Russia) and Alcala University (Spain). The sample included three groups of respondents belonging to different cultures. A block questionnaire of six scales and questionnaires used. To process and analyze the data obtained, preferences were given to descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, ANOVA, Tukey and Mann-Whitney tests, factor analysis in different formats. The data were processed using SPSS Statistics 25, R-studio, and Python. Main Findings: At the descriptive statistics level, groups with different degrees of adaptation have identified. Specific stable components’ combinations have found to predict possible responses from adapting students. Various forms of correlation and factor analysis helped to identify the most influential determinants: anxiety factor, culture shock, and sustainability. Applications of this study: The results of this study can be used to optimize the work of the relevant departments of higher education institutions, international departments. The information may be of interest to teachers and students. We recommend the material for professional development courses. Novelty of this study: Some characteristics were found to be bimodal for the respondents. The work examined the leading factors' content and structure to some extent related to the adaptation process. The relative steadiness of these factors' components in different cultures suggests a stable set of characteristics specific to different cultures at a certain age.
THE IMPACT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION FACTORS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES UNDER THE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Xiaoyan Huang , A. Fedorova Lidia , Guiyu Hu
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: Under the e-commerce environment, manufacturing enterprises need faster and more efficient information exchange, it is necessary to effectively carry out organizational innovation and improve organizational performance. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of the interaction of the four elements of organizational innovation in manufacturing enterprises on organizational performance.

Methodology: This study takes the four essential elements of organizational innovation and the interaction of them as independent variables, and performs a regression analysis method to analyze the influence of these elements on organizational performance through questionnaire surveys and interviews with 208 Chinese manufacturing enterprises. This study uses spss25.0 for data analysis.

Main Findings: The organizational innovations have a positive impact on organizational performance. At the same time, verifying that the interaction between organizational innovation factors has a positive impact on organizational performance. This research proposes that one of the reasons for the low organizational performance and the implementation and management efficiency of the organizational innovation process is the inferior degree of integration of organizational innovation elements.

Applications of this study: The recommendations of this study can be applied to the innovation and management of manufacturing enterprises in the context of e-commerce to provide a scientific theoretical basis and management strategy for policy formulation. This research has important practical significance for the realization of the stable development of manufacturing enterprises.

Novelty of this study: Most previous studies have lacked research on the impact of factors of organizational innovation and the interaction of organizational innovation factors of manufacturing enterprises on organizational performance in the context of e-commerce. This article breaks through the fundamental laws of previous research and clarifies the relationship between the interaction of organizational innovation factors and organizational performance in e-commerce.
DIGITAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AS MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM: STUDY OF THE EDUCATIONAL AGENTS EVALUATIVE POSITIONS IN RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: G. Pozdeeva Elena , D. Shipunova Olga , V. Evseev Vladimir , P. Berezovskaya Irina , M. Gashkova Elena
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: Sociological analysis of the university education digitalization; identifying the evaluative positions for the educational process agents; study of motivational factors for applying to online courses; comparative analysis of evaluative positions in terms of information exchange effectiveness in the digital learning environment and education quality.
Methodology: We utilize sociological survey and comparative analysis to identify significant motivations of agents, to evaluate the quality of education by criteria of freedom of choice, preference for the learning format, individualization of the educational route. The empirical base consists of sociological data obtained by online and offline questioning.
Principal Findings: The revealed trends of diversity and target conjugation in the university educational environment agent’s positions reflect the institutional shifts in the educational system. These bring about changes in the social role repertoire, the revision of norms and values in the context of the rapid growth of digital practices.
Applications of this study: The study results can serve as a basis for improving the university's educational policy and technologies for information support of the educational process. Identifying the problem points of agency and their target conjugation seems to be a tool of social technology to achieve the effectiveness of digital education.
Novelty of this study: We give accent to multi-agent approach in the study of distance learning, a comprehensive assessment of information exchange and motivational factors of interacting agents in the university educational environment, education quality evaluation by the criterion of meeting the expectations of students, teachers and administration in the context of learning environment digitalization.
THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ PERSONALITY AT PETER THE GREAT ST. PETERSBURG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY: ATTITUDE TO UNIVERSITY AND ATTITUDE TO FUTURE PROFESSION
Authors: Baranova Tatiana , Kobicheva Aleksandra , Tokareva Elena
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: This paper aims to evaluate students’ attitude to University and their future profession as well as determine the influence of the University on these indicators.
Methodology: For our research, we used qualitative and quantitative data. To collect the data, we conducted two surveys of students in 2017 and 2019 (N1=179; N2=198). Also, we carried out the Pearson correlation analysis.
Main Findings: Results on students’ survey showed that their attitude to the University and attitude to future profession improved during their education. According to the students’ answers on open questions, the most influential factors are academic faculty and project activities of the University. The Pearson correlation analysis showed the positive influence of the University on the students’ attitude to the future profession.
Applications of this study: This study can be useful for further research on the formation of students’ personality, its components, and correlation between them. By identifying the influence of personality components on its development, it is possible to develop more individual skills to achieve personal, professional success.
Novelty/Originality of this study: In our research, we attempted to combine and analyze different criteria of personal perception of University and future carrier, how it was changing during the learning process and how University could influence the students’ attitude to the future profession.
Problems and Solutions of Balanced Scorecard in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Authors: Ye Hongyang
Published: September 2020

The balanced scorecard is a new dynamic performance management system which is different from the traditional performance evaluation system. It effectively transforms the enterprise’s strategy into four operational dimensions: finance, customer, internal business process, learning and growth. This paper introduces the balanced scorecard and discusses the problems existing in the application of the balanced scorecard in small and medium-sized enterprises. It summarizes the solutions accordingly.
Computer Simulation of Thermal Processes in Arc Welding of Thick-Walled Aluminum Alloy Structures
Authors: Korolev S.A. , Zimakov A.E.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the results of computer simulation of the thermal processes occurring during welding of thick-walled structures made of the AMg6 aluminium-magnesium alloy, widely used in modern industry. The model takes into account features associated with intensive heat removal from the welding zone caused by the large overall dimensions of the welded structure and the high thermal conductivity of the material used. In practice, these features increase the probability of formation of such defects as non-fusion of the weld with the base metal of the connected elements. Modeling was performed using the finite element method in the ANSYS software package. A geometric model was developed, and the bodies were divided into finite elements. For the areas with expected high temperature gradients, the finite elements in the geometric model were chosen to be much smaller than those in the areas further away from the welding zone. This increased the accuracy of the solution and significantly reduced the calculation time. The model of the heat source was constructed taking into account the gradual deposition of the weld metal as the welding arc moved along the connected edges. The simulation results confirmed the possibility of applying the available welding modes for the studied conditions.
The Influence of Special Positions on the Rigidity of Parallel Structure Mechanisms
Authors: Erastova K.G.
Published: September 2020

Due to a sharp increase in the accuracy of manufacturing and quality control of mechanical engineering products, robots based on mechanisms with closed-loop kinematic chains have become a promising area of engineering. One of the advantages of parallel structure mechanisms over serial mechanisms is their increased rigidity. The absence of patterns in the change of rigidity in the working zone and the influence of the so-called special positions necessitate the development of new methods of optimization synthesis of the mechanism. This paper presents an approach based on the Jacobian matrix using which it is possible to determine rigidity in the worst direction of the external force application in each point of the working zone. The same approach can also be used for determining the shape and size of the effective working zone. An example of a flat five-chain mechanism is used to demonstrate the application of the method and obtain a matrix of chain rigidity, construct the parallelogram of forces and determine rigidity distribution in the working zone. It is shown that when approaching a special position, the rigidity of the mechanism decreases ten-fold, and in the special position it equals a zero. The proposed method can be used for optimizing the geometrical parameters of the mechanism on the conditions of maximising the effective working zone.
Simulation of the Stress-Strain State of Diesel Engine Pistons Taking into Account Inelastic Deformations
Authors: Myagkov L.L. , Sivachev S.M.
Published: September 2020

The failure of aluminum pistons of diesel engines is often associated with formation of cracks originating at the bowl rim. The appearance of cracks is a consequence of thermal fatigue of the material due to low-frequency cycles of heating and cooling of the piston during the engine start-up, operation at various speed and load conditions, and subsequent shutdown. To assess the lifetime of the bowl rim, it is necessary to simulate non-isothermal elastoplastic deformation of the alloy using material plasticity and creep models available in finite element analysis software (e.g. ANSYS). This paper presents the results of uniaxial tensile and creep tests of proportional specimens made from piston blanks of the V-type diesel engines YaMZ-658. The piston material is AlSi12CuNiMg silumin alloy. The article describes methods for determining constants in plasticity and creep models. The results of numerical simulation of the piston’s stress-strain state for the start — nominal power mode — stop cycle using the finite element method are presented. Conclusions about the presence of plastic and creep strains at the piston edge are drawn.
Determination of the Residual Stress State of High-Pressure Nozzles During Diamond Smoothing
Authors: Zaides S.A. , Mashukov A.N.
Published: September 2020

The paper presents the results of a study that examines modelling of the polishing and hardening treatment of axisymmetric cylindrical parts such as high-pressure fittings with metal seals on the pipe and the rod. A finite element model of the diamond smoothing process was developed, which allowed one to determine the stress state in the deformation zone depending on the feed rate, tool deflection angle, pressing force, and depth of penetration into the material of the part. The analysis of the modelling results helped to identify a range of optimal modes for diamond smoothing. By using finite element modelling in ANSYS Workbench Mechanical it was possible to test those smoothing modes that were difficult to test experimentally. The study identified the most significant factors that influenced the formation of the maximum values of residual stresses in the surface layer of gate assemblies of high-pressure valves. The maximum values of compressive residual stresses, the value of which did not exceed the yield strength of the material were determined.
An Analysis of Power Characteristics of Oil-Free Scroll Vacuum Pumps
Authors: Tyurin A.V. , Burmistrov A.V. , Raykov A.A. , Salikeev S.I.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents an analysis of the indicator power of an oil-free scroll vacuum pump based on the indicator diagrams obtained through high-speed pressure sensors. These values are compared with the results of calculations using a mathematical model of the pump working process. It is shown that the divergence of the calculated results and experimental values does not exceed 4%, which confirms the adequacy of the developed mathematical model. The total power of the scroll pump exceeds the indicator power by more than 2 times due to the friction losses between the face seals and disks of the reciprocal scroll elements, friction losses in the stuffing box seals and rolling bearings, as well as due to the coefficient of efficiency of the motor. The influence of the radial clearance between the scroll elements on the power consumption is considered. It is shown that at low pressures nearing the ultimate pressure, the power increases with the increased clearance, while at inlet pressures exceeding 40 kPa it decreases. The performed analysis can be used for selecting the optimal geometrical parameters of the scroll elements and increasing power efficiency of the pump depending on specific operating conditions.
A Computational Study of Gas-Dynamic Parameters of Radial-Axial Turbines and Their Joint Operation with Piston Engines
Authors: Rusakov A.N.
Published: September 2020

Radial-axial (centripetal) turbines are widely used in various fields of industry, energy and transport, but their characteristics require improvement, above all increasing the efficiency factor. A differential iterative calculation method is used to calculate the gas dynamic parameters and characteristics of centripetal turbines. The joint operation of a pulsed centripetal turbine and a four-stroke piston engine is examined. The efficiency of the centripetal turbine is strongly dependent on the combination of the turbine’s and piston engine’s geometric features. The study examines the influence of the rotor blades curvature, the ratio of the height of the impeller blades at the outlet to the height of the blades at the entrance, and the number of blades of the impeller and the nozzle device on the turbine efficiency. An approach to the selection of the optimal geometric parameters that provide the highest efficiency of the designed centripetal turbine when it is used jointly with a four-stroke piston engine is proposed.
Pumping of Liquids Using Liquid-Ring Pumps
Authors: Velikanov N.L. , Naumov V.A. , Koryagin S.I.
Published: September 2020

The paper examines modelling of the pumping stages when using liquid-ring pumps, for example, in power plants and technological devices. It is important to determine the characteristics of various processes involved in liquid pumping using vacuum because the accuracy of predicting how objects move in such flows cannot be improved without solving the problems related to the calculation of hydraulic and power characteristics of the pumping unit in the network. Cubic spline functions were used as approximating functions when calculating the performance characteristics of a liquid-ring vacuum pump. The dynamics of changes in the pressure in the working vessel during operation of an ELRS-5 pump was considered for different values of the leakage coefficient. Solutions of the Cauchy problem were obtained using the numerical method. The paper presents the results of calculating the dynamics of the process of liquid pumping into the working vessel at different values of the vacuum creation time. As the time increases, the liquid flow rate quickly reaches its maximum value, and then falls with a decrease in the pressure drop. The higher the maximum flow rate, the longer the time.
A method for selecting design parameters of a small spacecraft de-orbiting system
Authors: Krestina A.V. , Tkachenko I.S.
Published: September 2020

The paper describes the most promising ways of de-orbiting small spacecraft: aerodynamic systems, electrodynamic tether systems and systems based on propulsive effectors - liquid, solid-fuel and electroreactive. We selected the design parameters of various options for constructing a small spacecraft de-orbiting system, taking into account the restrictions, and assessed the effectiveness of these options. As a result, we developed a method for selecting design parameters for a small spacecraft de-orbiting system. The method is focused on an assessment of the effectiveness of various options for constructing a de-orbiting system based on several indicators, taking into account the imposed restrictions. In the study, we give examples of implementing the developed method for selecting design parameters for small spacecraft “Aist” and “Aist-2D”. We also consider the composition and scheme of operation of the most effective option of constructing a system for de-orbiting the “Aist” satellite, and reveal the principles of operation of the main components of the system. Thanks to the use of the proposed system, the prototype of the small spacecraft “Aist” can be de-orbited in 96 days when a ballistic life without using the proposed system is 26 years. In the case of the small spacecraft “Aist-2D”, de-orbiting can be done in one day when a ballistic life without using the proposed system is 11 years old.
An experimental space-purpose solar cell with a carbon fiber honeycomb frame: features of development and test results
Authors: Naumova A.A. , Lebedev A.A. , Vagapova N.T. , Kagan M.B. , Sineva M.V.
Published: September 2020

The study describes the design, the process of developing and testing an experimental solar cell of S ≈ 110 cm2 for spacecraft with a photogenerating part of three-stage photovoltaic converters on a carbon fiber reinforced plastic honeycomb frame coated with a polyamide. The honeycomb frame was developed and introduced by Keldysh Research Center; design, assembly and testing of an experimental prototype of the solar cell were carried out in JSC SPU «Kvant». The main advantage of the considered sample of the solar cell is a low construction height of the carbon fiber frame with the formed photogenerating part, which increases the power in the starting volume and the specific power at the optimum point while maintaining the required rigidity, lightness, high vibration resistance, resistance to weathering and increased operational reliability. The test modes were selected similar to the ones for solar cells of spacecraft, designed to operate in geostationary orbit. The following tests were carried out: thermal cycling, high humidity, strength with exposure to sinusoidal vibration. Before and after testing of each type, the solar cell was monitored; the electrical insulation resistance and electrical characteristics were checked on a pulsed simulator of an extra-atmospheric sun at room temperature. The test results were recognized as successful: the most sensitive characteristic - short-circuit current, in comparison with the initial value showed a decrease of only 3 %.
Parametric study of ramjet engine thrust characteristics
Authors: Voronetskiy A.V. , Smolyaga V.I. , Abramov M.A. , Miroshnichenko S.A.
Published: September 2020

To choose the aircraft layout scheme, in particular the power plant flow path configuration, and its integration with the aircraft fuselage, is an important engineering task requiring long-term experimental processing. The time and cost of designing an aircraft, in particular the one with a ramjet engine can be significantly reduced by using numerical methods. This paper describes a small-sized aircraft with a pulling scheme ramjet engine. We carried out a comparative analysis of the efficiency of using the power plant of two layout schemes as part of a small-sized aircraft. As a measure of power plant efficiency, we took the value of the aerodynamic balance of the aircraft, by which the difference between the engine thrust and the force of the external aerodynamic drag of the aircraft fuselage is meant. Within the study, we came up with the dependences of the aerodynamic balance value on the excess-air coefficient in the afterburner of the ramjet engine. Moreover, we determined the operating parameters of the engine, at which the aircraft maintains a constant speed. Finally, we presented a mathematical model for calculating the thrust and economic characteristics of a power plant in an aircraft. The data obtained can be used in the design and development of advanced-technology aircraft with an intra-atmospheric zone of operation.
A method for selecting parameters of drives for lifting erectors and transportation and installation units for space rockets
Authors: Igritsky V.A. , Igritskaya A.Yu. , Zverev V.A.
Published: September 2020

Mechanisms for lifting space rockets into a vertical position are complex and expensive elements of ground equipment. Under the same loads, depending on the rationality of selecting their geometric parameters, the mechanisms can significantly differ in cost and weight. At present, design considerations, enumeration and descent methods, or the graphical-analytical method, are used to select rational geometric parameters of these mechanisms, which, taking into account a large number of restrictions, makes the process of solving such engineering problems time-consuming and laborious. The paper describes a method for selecting rational geometric parameters for the lifting mechanisms of space rockets. The method is based on the analytical solution obtained by the authors of the equations for changing the load in the initial and final position of the rocket lifting, depending on the initial installation angles of the drive element of the mechanism. Under given parameters of the load on the lifting mechanism in most practically important cases, the method makes it possible to obtain rational values of the main geometric parameters of the lifting mechanisms without the enumeration and descent methods. These parameters include the distances between the joints and the initial angles of installing the elements of the mechanism. If a hydraulic lifting drive is used, the method makes it possible, if necessary, to choose the rational basic parameters of the hydraulic cylinders. The method developed can be used in the design and modernization of mechanisms for lifting space rockets.
An algorithm for controlling the spatial motion of a spacecraft with an imperfectly reflecting solar sail based on the laws of locally optimal control for Earth — Mars heliocentric flight
Authors: Khabibullin R.M. , Starinova O.L.
Published: September 2020

The article considers a spatial controlled heliocentric Earth-Mars flight of a spacecraft with an imperfectly reflecting solar sail. A new mathematical model of motion is described taking into account the dynamics of motion relative to the center of mass under the forces and moments from light pressure. A spacecraft control algorithm for implementing the flight is formed on the basis of the laws of locally optimal control for the fastest change of osculating elements. The orientation of the solar sail is controlled using thin-film control elements located around the perimeter of the solar sail surface. As a result of motion simulation, the duration and trajectory of the flight, the control program and the necessary design parameters of a spacecraft with a solar sail are determined.
Ensuring non-collision and safe distancing of a large number of spacecraft when launched by the Fregat upper stage
Authors: Simonov A.V. , Morskoy I.M. , Gordienko E.S. , Vorobyov A.L. , Paul V.G.
Published: September 2020

The paper proposes a method for forming a cyclogram of separating a large number (on the order of several tens or more) of spacecraft in one orbit, and determining the upper stage orientation program, which ensures a safe distancing of the spacecraft both among themselves and with the upper stage itself. We consider the application of this technique for the simultaneous and sequential separation of the spacecraft, as well as their combination. In this case, the relative speeds of object separation can be the same or different. We also give recommendations on how to carry out the maneuvers to de-orbit the upper stage after the completion of all operations in which the requirements for spacecraft surface non-contamination from the upper stage engine are met. The developed technique has been repeatedly tested during cluster launches of the Fregat upper stage.
A modern approach to the design of foreign landing parachute systems
Authors: Ploskov S.Yu.
Published: September 2020

Landing parachute systems are among the most demanded samples of parachute equipment. The purpose of the study was to find new principles for developing parachutes with increased stability according to the analysis of the results of numerical and experimental studies of canopies of various shapes. The paper proposes to supplement a traditional definition of the stability of a parachute system with the obligatory consideration of the system’s ability to maintain a given trajectory of movement with a neutral canopy, regardless of the change in the payload mass. It is the expanded concept of stability that is taken as the basis of the modern approach to the design of foreign landing parachute systems. The study substantiates the main criteria for choosing the optimal cutting shape for parachute systems of increased stability of various types at the stage of preliminary design. The results of numerical modeling of canopies are presented: quarter-spherical, hemispherical, polyconic canopies and a T-11 type parachute canopy. Based on the analysis of these results, the study was first to propose a hypothesis that a decrease in the intensity of vortex formation in the wake leads to an increase in the stability of the parachute descent. The results of numerical modeling of canopies of various shapes, as well as experimental studies of a model polyconic parachute, which prove the correctness of the proposed hypothesis, are presented.