bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Present‐Day Crustal Vertical Velocity Field for the Contiguous United States
Authors: Lau Nicholas , Borsa Adrian A. , Becker Thorsten W.
Published: September 2020

The study of vertical crustal motion in the contiguous United States (CONUS) has traditionally focused on the high‐amplitude deformation caused by glacial isostatic adjustment. To better understand more subtle vertical crustal motion resulting from other geophysical processes, we take advantage of the ongoing expansion of continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) networks, whose geodetic observations provide ever‐increasing accuracy and spatial resolution of surface deformation. Using position data for 2,782 GPS stations operating between 2007 and 2017, we produce a new vertical crustal velocity field for the CONUS region. We estimate our own station velocities to ensure consistent treatment of time series outliers, noise, and offsets, and we use adaptive smoothing and interpolation to account for spatially varying station density. Our velocity field reveals spatially coherent vertical features that are representative of regional tectonics, hydrologic, and anthropogenic processes. By removing the effects of modeled glacial isostatic adjustment and hydrologic loading estimated from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data, we reduce the variance in our velocity field by 36% and show residuals potentially due to geocenter motion and underlying tectonics.
Constraining Ice Shelf Anisotropy Using Shear Wave Splitting Measurements from Active‐Source Borehole Seismics
Authors: Lutz Franz , Eccles Jennifer , Prior David J. , Craw Lisa , Fan Sheng , Hulbe Christina , Forbes Martin , Still Holly , Pyne Alex , Mandeno Darcy
Published: September 2020

Observations of ice shelf anisotropy on borehole seismic data are presented. Hot‐water‐drilledboreholes were made by the Aotearoa New Zealand Ross Ice Shelf Programme through a grounding‐line proximal site at Windless Bight and the central Ross Ice Shelf site HWD‐2. The boreholes were used to freeze seismometers into the ice at different depths. Seismic observations of shear wave splitting were made on the borehole seismometers using active sources deployed at the surface. These shear wave splitting data were used to constrain anisotropic ice crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) within the ice column. Forward models of seismic properties from different CPO geometries are compared to the observations and a best fitting CPO model is found to explain the seismic anisotropy at HWD‐2. This model consists of a vertical girdle of ice c axes that constitute 80% of the CPO in combination with tight horizontal clusters, which contribute 20% of ice c axes. The origin of the modeled CPO is discussed with regard to calculated strain rates at the site and found to be indicative of the current shear kinematics with vertical shear plane and horizontal shear direction. At HWD‐2 the 370 m thick ice shelf is calculated to consist of at least 197 m of anisotropic ice.
Lithospheric Density Structure and Effective Elastic Thickness Beneath Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau: Inference From the Integrated Analysis of Gravity, Geoid, and Topographic Data Incorporating Seismic Constraints
Authors: Ravikumar M. , Singh B. , Pavan Kumar V. , Satyakumar A. V. , Ramesh D. S. , Tiwari V. M.
Published: September 2020

Investigation of deep crustal and lithospheric structures is essential to understand the nature of geodynamical processes beneath the Himalaya and Tibetan plateau of the India‐Eurasia collision zone. Our density cross sections across the Himalaya‐Eurasia collision zone using integrated 2‐D modeling of gravity, topography, and geoid data incorporating constraints from seismic information supports the above contention. Analysis of gravity, geoid, and elevation data over the interior of the Tibetan plateau predicts complete isostatic compensation, whereas margins of the plateau, having large topographic gradients, show lack of isostatic compensation as the Airy Moho differs from flexural Moho and seismic Moho beneath the Himalaya. Our 2‐D modeled lithospheric cross sections show thick crust (~75 km) and thick lithosphere (~240 km) beneath the Himalayas and southern Tibetan plateau and relatively thin crust (~60 km) and thin lithosphere (~140 km) beneath the northern Tibetan plateau. Therefore, depth of lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) mimics the Moho relief. Thinner crust and thin lithosphere under northern Tibetan plateau suggest the importance of the mantle isostasy where the temperature is anomalously high. This corroborates with the presence of recent potassic volcanism, inefficient Sn propagation, east and southeast oriented global positioning system displacements, and large shear wave splitting anisotropy (>2 s). Excellent correlation between effective elastic thickness and lithospheric thickness predicts hot and deformable lithosphere in the northern Tibet and underthrusting of cold Indian mantle beneath the Himalayas.
A network approach to elucidate and prioritize microbial dark matter in microbial communities
Authors: Zamkovaya Tatyana , Foster Jamie S , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie , Conesa Ana
Published: September 2020

Microbes compose most of the biomass on the planet, yet the majority of taxa remain uncharacterized. These unknown microbes, often referred to as “microbial dark matter,” represent a major challenge for biology. To understand the ecological contributions of these Unknown taxa, it is essential to first understand the relationship between unknown species, neighboring microbes, and their respective environment. Here, we establish a method to study the ecological significance of “microbial dark matter” by building microbial co-occurrence networks from publicly available 16S rRNA gene sequencing data of four extreme aquatic habitats. For each environment, we constructed networks including and excluding unknown organisms at multiple taxonomic levels and used network centrality measures to quantitatively compare networks. When the Unknown taxa were excluded from the networks, a significant reduction in degree and betweenness was observed for all environments. Strikingly, Unknown taxa occurred as top hubs in all environments, suggesting that “microbial dark matter” play necessary ecological roles within their respective communities. In addition, novel adaptation-related genes were detected after using 16S rRNA gene sequences from top-scoring hub taxa as probes to blast metagenome databases. This work demonstrates the broad applicability of network metrics to identify and prioritize key Unknown taxa and improve understanding of ecosystem structure across diverse habitats.
A theoretical model of Polycomb/Trithorax action unites stable epigenetic memory and dynamic regulation
Authors: Reinig Jeannette , Ruge Frank , Howard Martin , Ringrose Leonie
Published: September 2020

Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins maintain stable epigenetic memory of gene expression states for some genes, but many targets show highly dynamic regulation. Here we combine experiment and theory to examine the mechanistic basis of these different modes of regulation. We present a mathematical model comprising a Polycomb/Trithorax response element (PRE/TRE) coupled to a promoter and including Drosophila developmental timing. The model accurately recapitulates published studies of PRE/TRE mediated epigenetic memory of both silencing and activation. With minimal parameter changes, the same model can also recapitulate experimental data for a different PRE/TRE that allows dynamic regulation of its target gene. The model predicts that both cell cycle length and PRE/TRE identity are critical for determining whether the system gives stable memory or dynamic regulation. Our work provides a simple unifying framework for a rich repertoire of PRE/TRE functions, and thus provides insights into  genome-wide Polycomb/Trithorax regulation.
Tracking historical changes in perceived trustworthiness in Western Europe using machine learning analyses of facial cues in paintings
Authors: Safra Lou , Chevallier Coralie , Grèzes Julie , Baumard Nicolas
Published: September 2020

Social trust is linked to a host of positive societal outcomes, including improved economic performance, lower crime rates and more inclusive institutions. Yet, the origins of trust remain elusive, partly because social trust is difficult to document in time. Building on recent advances in social cognition, we design an algorithm to automatically estimate ratings of perceived trustworthiness evaluations from specific facial cues (such as muscle contractions associated with smiling) detected in European portraits in large historical databases. We used this measure as a proxy of social trust in history. Our results show that estimated levels of perceived trustworthiness in portraits increased over the period 1500–2000. Further analyses suggest that this rise of perceived trustworthiness is associated with increased living standards.
Ultra-sensitive and rapid detection of nucleic acids and microorganisms in body fluids using single-molecule tethering
Authors: Cheng Wen-Chih , Horn Troy , Zayats Maya , Rizk Georges , Major Samuel , Zhu Hongying , Russell Joseph , Xu Zhiguang , Rothman Richard E. , Celedon Alfredo
Published: September 2020

Detection of microbial nucleic acids in body fluids has become the preferred method for rapid diagnosis of many infectious diseases. However, culture-based diagnostics that are time-consuming remain the gold standard approach in certain cases, such as sepsis. New culture-free methods are urgently needed. Here, we describe Single MOLecule Tethering or SMOLT, an amplification-free and purification-free molecular assay that can detect microorganisms in body fluids with high sensitivity without the need of culturing. The signal of SMOLT is generated by the displacement of micron-size beads tethered by DNA probes that are between 1 and 7 microns long. The molecular extension of thousands of DNA probes is determined with sub-micron precision using a robust and rapid optical approach. We demonstrate that SMOLT can detect nucleic acids directly in blood, urine and sputum at sub-femtomolar concentrations, and microorganisms in blood at 1 CFU mL−1 (colony forming unit per milliliter) threefold faster, with higher multiplexing capacity and with a more straight-forward protocol than amplified methodologies. SMOLT’s clinical utility is further demonstrated by developing a multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of sepsis-causing Candida species directly in whole blood.
Mortality and risk of tuberculosis among people living with HIV in whom TB was initially ruled out
Authors: García Juan Ignacio , Mambuque Edson , Nguenha Dinis , Vilanculo Faustino , Sacoor Charfudin , Sequera Victor Guillermo , Fernández-Quevedo Manuel , Pierre Maxime Leroux-La , Chiconela Helio , Faife Luis A. , Respeito Durval , Saavedra Belén , Nhampossa Tacilta , López-Varela Elisa , Garcia-Basteiro Alberto L.
Published: September 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) misdiagnosis remains a public health concern, especially among people living with HIV (PLHIV), given the high mortality associated with missed TB diagnoses. The main objective of this study was to describe the all-cause mortality, TB incidence rates and their associated risk factors in a cohort of PLHIV with presumptive TB in whom TB was initially ruled out. We retrospectively followed a cohort of PLHIV with presumptive TB over a 2 year-period in a rural district in Southern Mozambique. During the study period 382 PLHIV were followed-up. Mortality rate was 6.8/100 person-years (PYs) (95% CI 5.2–9.2) and TB incidence rate was 5.4/100 PYs (95% CI 3.9–7.5). Thirty-six percent of deaths and 43% of TB incident cases occurred in the first 12 months of the follow up. Mortality and TB incidence rates in the 2-year period after TB was initially ruled out was very high. The TB diagnostic work-up and linkage to HIV care should be strengthened to decrease TB burden and all-cause mortality among PLHIV with presumptive TB.
Mitogenomic architecture of the multivalent endemic black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: Rahuman Summaya , Jeena N. S. , Asokan P. K. , Vidya R. , Vijayagopal P.
Published: September 2020

The Indian black clamVillorita cyprinoides(Family: Cyrenidae), an extractive commercially exploited species with aquaculture importance contributing more than 70% of clam fishery in India, is endemic to the Indian peninsula. Currently, there is very sparse information, especially on the molecular data ofVillorita. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive knowledge of mitogenome architecture and assess the phylogenetic status of Cyrenidae. This has resulted in reporting the first complete mitogenome ofV. cyprinoidesusing next-generation sequencing technology. The A+T circular mitogenome was 15,880 bp long, exhibiting 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) including ATP8 (absent in several bivalves), 22 transfer RNA, and two ribosomal RNA genes residing in the heavy strand in a clockwise orientation and a gene order akin toCorbicula fluminea. The molecular phylogeny inferred from a concatenated multi-gene sequence [14 mitochondrial (12 PCGs,rrnS andrrnL) and two nuclear genes (Histone H3, 18S rRNA)] from 47 representative species of superorder Imparidentia, clusteredV. cyprinoidesand Cyrenid clams to a single clade supporting the monophyly of Cyrenidae. The subsequent mitochondrial gene order analysis substantiates the close relationship ofV. cyprinoidesandC. fluminea,analogous to phylogenetic output. The multilocus tree topology calibrated with verified fossil data deciphered the origin and diversification of Cyrenid clams during late Triassic-early Jurassic. The data derived from this study shall contribute remarkably for further insights on cryptic species identification, molecular characterization of bivalve mitogenomes and mitochondrial evolutionary history of genusVillorita. Moreover, complete mitogenome can aid in potential marker development for assessing the genetic health of black clam populations.
Screening participation after a false positive result in organized cervical cancer screening: a nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Larsen Pernille Thordal , Jørgensen Susanne Fogh , Tranberg Mette , Njor Sisse Helle
Published: September 2020

Our aim was to investigate whether receiving a false positive (FP) cervical cytology result affected subsequent cervical cancer screening participation. This Danish nationwide register-based cohort study included 502,380 women aged 22.5–45 attending cervical cancer screening in 2012–2014 with a normal (n = 501,003) or FP (n = 1,377) cytology screening result. A FP result was defined as a cervical cytology showing high grade cytological abnormalities followed by a normal or ‘Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade 1’ biopsy result. Women were categorized as subsequent participants if they had a cervical cytology within 24–42 months after their last screening or surveillance test. We compared subsequent participation among women with a normal versus a FP result, using odds ratios including 95% confidence intervals. Participation was slightly higher among women with FP results than among women with normal results (71.5% vs. 69.2%, p = 0.058). After adjustment for age and screening history, women with FP results participated significantly more than women with normal results (OR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.06–1.35). Women receiving a FP result did not participate less in subsequent cervical cancer screening than women receiving a normal result. In fact, the use of opportunistic screening seemed to be increased among women receiving a FP result.
Isotopic systematics point to wild origin of mummified birds in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Linglin Marie , Amiot Romain , Richardin Pascale , Porcier Stéphanie , Antheaume Ingrid , Berthet Didier , Grossi Vincent , Fourel François , Flandrois Jean-Pierre , Louchart Antoine , Martin Jeremy E. , Lécuyer Christophe
Published: September 2020

Millions of mummified birds serving for religious purpose have been discovered from archeological sites along the Nile Valley of Egypt, in majority ibises. Whether these birds were industrially raised or massively hunted is a matter of heavy debate as it would have a significant impact on the economy related to their supply and cult, and if hunted it would have represented an ecological burden on the birds populations. Here we have measured and analysed the stable oxygen, carbon and radiogenic strontium isotope compositions as well as calcium and barium content of bones along with the stable carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotope composition of feathers from 20 mummified ibises and birds of prey recovered from various archeological sites of Ancient Egypt. If these migratory birds were locally bred, their stable oxygen, radiogenic strontium and stable sulfur isotopic compositions would be similar to that of coexisting Egyptians, and their stable carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotope variance would be close, or lower than that of Egyptians. On one hand, isotopic values show that ibises ingested food from the Nile valley but with a higher isotopic scattering than observed for the diet of ancient Egyptians. On the other hand, birds of prey have exotic isotopic values compatible with their migratory behaviour. We therefore propose that most mummified ibises and all the birds of prey analysed here were wild animals hunted for religious practice.
Method development of levoglucosenone analysis by UHPLC-UV-MS in fast pyrolysis samples and aspects of its degradation in aqueous samples
Authors: Godina D. , Meile K. , Zhurinsh A. , Viksna A.
Published: September 2020

Levoglucosenone or LGO is biomass based chemical and its applications have been established; therefore developing dependable and fast analytical methods for determining LGO in the products of thermochemical biomass processing is of great importance.
New examples of Ru(ii)-tetrazolato complexes as thiocyanate-free sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Fiorini Valentina , Marchini Edoardo , Averardi Mattia , Giorgini Loris , Muzzioli Sara , Dellai Angela , Argazzi Roberto , Sanson Alessandra , Sangiorgi Nicola , Caramori Stefano , Stagni Stefano
Published: September 2020

Newly designed Ru(ii) tetrazolato complexes as thiocyanate-free dyes for Ru-based DSSCs.
Antenna triplet DFT calculations to drive the design of luminescent Ln3+complexes
Authors: Babetto Luca , Carlotto Silvia , Carlotto Alice , Rancan Marzio , Bottaro Gregorio , Armelao Lidia , Casarin Maurizio
Published: September 2020

DFT-based methods have been exploited to look into the structural, vibrational and electronic properties of antenna ligands, all of them crucial points for a reliable design of customized luminescent lanthanide (Ln3+) complexes.
What is needed to deliver carbon-neutral heat using hydrogen and CCS?
Authors: Sunny Nixon , Mac Dowell Niall , Shah Nilay
Published: September 2020

A spatio-temporal systems-based assessment of the conversion of a natural gas-based heating network to H2is presented in this paper.
Recent advancement in biomedical applications on the surface of two-dimensional materials: from biosensing to tissue engineering
Authors: Nguyen Emily P. , de Carvalho Castro Silva Cecilia , Merkoçi Arben
Published: September 2020

This review highlights the importance of the dimensionality and surface interactions of 2D materials with examples of recent biosensing and biomedical applications.
Catalyst-free 1,6-conjugate addition of indoles and 4-hydroxycoumarins topara-quinone methides: synthesis of unsymmetrical triarylmethanes
Authors: Kumaran Subramani , Prabhakaran Mohan , Mariyammal Narayanan , Parthasarathy Kanniyappan
Published: September 2020

We have successfully developed an efficient metal-free 1,6-Michael reaction of indoles and 4-hydroxycoumarins withpara-quinone methides to afford heterocyclic triarylmethanes in good yields.
Photocatalytic Umpolung ofN- andO-substituted alkenes for the synthesis of 1,2-amino alcohols and diols
Authors: Amos Stephanie G. E. , Nicolai Stefano , Waser Jerome
Published: September 2020

Photocatalytic Umpolung with organic dyes overcoming the innate nucleophilicity of enecarbamates and enol ethers for oxyalkynylation with EBX reagents to access 1-alkynyl-1,2-amino alcohols and diols.
Biosynthesis of the catalytic H-cluster of [FeFe] hydrogenase: the roles of the Fe–S maturase proteins HydE, HydF, and HydG
Authors: Britt R. David , Rao Guodong , Tao Lizhi
Published: September 2020

Fe–S cluster enzymes HydG, HydE, and HydF provide sequential assembly of the catalytic H-cluster of [FeFe] hydrogenase.
Perceptual Learning and Production Practice Differentially Affect How Children Produce Novel Words
Authors: Richtsmeier Peter T. , Moore Michelle W.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Perceptual learning and production practice are basic mechanisms that children depend on to acquire adult levels of speech accuracy. In this study, we examined perceptual learning and production practice as they contributed to changes in speech accuracy in 3- and 4-year-old children. Our primary focus was manipulating the order of perceptual learning and production practice to better understand when and how these learning mechanisms interact.

Method

Sixty-five typically developing children between the ages of 3 and 4 years were included in the study. Children were asked to produce CVCCVC (C = consonant, V = vowel) nonwords like /bozjəm/ and /tʌvtʃəp/ that were described as the names of make-believe animals. All children completed two separate experimental blocks: a control block in which participants heard each nonword once and repeated it, and a test block in which the perceptual input frequency of each nonword varied between 1 and 10. Half of the participants completed a control–test order; half completed a test–control order.

Results

Greater accuracy was observed for nonwords produced in the second experimental block, reflecting a production practice effect. Perceptual learning resulted in greater accuracy during the test for nonwords that participants heard 3 times or more. However, perceptual learning did not carry over to control productions in the test–control design, suggesting that it reflects a kind of temporary priming. Finally, a post hoc analysis suggested that the size of the production practice effect depended on the age of acquisition of the consonants that comprised the nonwords.

Conclusions

The study provides new details about how perceptual learning and production practice interact with each other and with phonological aspects of the nonwords, resulting in complex effects on speech accuracy and learning of form-referent pairs. These findings may ultimately help speech-language pathologists maximize their clients' improvement in therapy.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12971411
Reduced switch count‐based N ‐level boost inverter topology for higher voltage gain
Authors: Siddique Marif Daula , Prathap Reddy Bhimireddy , Iqbal Atif , Mekhilef Saad
Published: September 2020

This study proposes a new boost inverter based on a switched‐capacitor concept with reduced switch count. The basic unit is a five‐level topology, which inherently generates the AC output voltage with the self‐voltage balancing of the capacitors. A conventional carrier‐based sinusoidal modulation technique has been designed to maintain the capacitor voltage up to the input source voltage. The N ‐level structure of the proposed basic unit is also presented, which has the additional advantage of higher voltage gain with a single input. A detailed comparison with other similar topologies has been carried out. A laboratory prototype has been used to test the workability of the proposed basic unit and its extension for seven‐level through several results.
Using HCO+ isotopologues as tracers of gas depletion in protoplanetary disk gaps
Authors: Smirnov-Pinchukov Grigorii V. , Semenov Dmitry A. , Akimkin Vitaly V. , Henning Thomas
Published: September 2020

Context. The widespread rings and gaps seen in the dust continuum in protoplanetary disks are sometimes accompanied by similar substructures seen in molecular line emission. One example is the outer gap at ~100 au in AS 209, which shows that the H13CO+ and C18O emission intensities decrease along with the continuum in the gap, while the DCO+ emission increases inside the gap.

Aims. We aim to study the behavior of DCO+/H13CO+ and DCO+/HCO+ ratios in protoplanetary disk gaps assuming the two scenarios: (A) the gas depletion follows the dust depletion and (B) only the dust is depleted.

Methods. We first modeled the physical disk structure using the thermo-chemical model ANDES. This 1+1D steady-state disk model calculates the thermal balance of gas and dust and includes the far ultraviolet, X-rays, cosmic rays, and other ionization sources together with the reduced chemical network for molecular coolants. Afterward, this physical structure was adopted for calculations of molecular abundances with the extended gas-grain chemical network with deuterium fractionation. Ideal synthetic spectra and 0th-moment maps were produced with the LIne Modeling Engine.

Results. We are able to qualitatively reproduce the increase in the DCO+ intensity and the decrease in the H13CO+ and C18O intensities inside the disk gap, which is qualitatively similar to what is observed in the outer AS 209 gap. The corresponding disk model (A) assumes that both the gas and dust are depleted in the gap. The model (B) with the gas-rich gap, where only the dust is depleted, produces emission that is too bright in all HCO+ isotopologues and C18O.

Conclusions. The DCO+/H13CO+ line ratio can be used to probe gas depletion in dust continuum gaps outside of the CO snow line. The DCO+/C18O line ratio shows a similar, albeit weaker, effect; however, these species can be observed simultaneously with a single (sub)mm interferometer setup.
A case study for application of DNA barcoding in identifying species and genetic diversity of fish from the Suez city market, Egypt
Authors: Abdalwahhab Omir , Galal-Khallaf Asmaa , El-Latif Saber Samy Abd , Osman Alaa GM , Mohammed-Geba Khaled
Published: September 2020

The Red Sea is one of the key areas of biodiversity in the world. It is a hotspot for speciation and biological invasions. In the current work, a pilot, random sampling trial was carried out to characterize some species in the landings reaching the fish market in Suez city, which is one of the largest fish markets in the Northern Red Sea. Samples of different fish species were subjected to the standard procedures of DNA barcoding, applying the sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene (COI). DNA barcoding could successfully identify all the targeted fishes to the species-level (>98%). The results exhibited a taxonomically-versatile commercial trends in this market, being the collected species belonging to 7 different fish families and 3 orders. These species were Coris aygula, Papilloculiceps longiceps, Priacanthus sagittarious, Gerres longirostris, Alepes djedaba, Psettodes erumei Cheilinus trilobatus, Calotomus viridescens, and Pardachirus marmoratus. Haplotype diversities in the first six species were moderate. However, their nucleotide diversities were low. This may have resulted from fishing from bottlenecked populations, or from areas that do not hinder the genetic flow. Also, possible cryptic speciation could be detected in P. sagittarius, P. erumei and G. longirostris. Applying the DNA barcoding for species identification in Suez city fish market could then detect various aspects of fish species diversity. More works using the applied analyses can be strongly recommended to aid proper conservation and management of economic fisheries in the Red Sea.
Double polarisation observable E and helicity dependent cross section for singleπ0photoproduction off proton and neutron
Authors: Costanza Susanna , Cividini Federico
Published: September 2020

Photon-induced reactions, like meson photoproduction, allow to excite the nucleon, to have access to many different polarisation observables and are an essential tool to disentangle the role of the different electromagnetic multipoles due to the change of sign of some contributions and the presence of interference terms between different multipole amplitudes. In addition, the use of polarised beams and/or targets allow to access additional observables which are fundamental in order to accurately determine the nucleon resonance properties. The A2@MAMI collaboration is carrying out a broad and systematic study on this topics, both on the proton and the neutron. The experiments are performed at the tagged photon beam facility of the MAMI accelerator in Mainz, using circularly and linearly polarised photons on longitudinally polarised proton and deuteron targets, for energies ranging from the pion production threshold up to 1.6 GeV. Hadronic reaction products are then measured with the large acceptance Crystal Ball spectrometer, complemented by charged particle and vertex detectors for tracking and identification. An overview of the results obtained so far for the double polarisation observable E (circularly polarised photon beam on a longitudinally polarised target) on the single π0photoproduction off the proton and the neutron will be given. Furthermore, new results on the helicity-dependent total and differential cross sections on the deuteron will be presented.
K0SΣ0 photoproduction at the BGO-OD experiment
Authors: Kohl Katrin , Alef Stefan , Bauer Patrick , Beck Reinhard , Braghieri Alessandro , Cole Philip , Di Salvo Rachele , Elsner Daniel , Fantini Alessia , Freyermuth Oliver , Oliver Francesco , Gridnev Anatoly , Hammann Daniel , Hannappel Jürgen , Jude Thomas , Kozlenko Nikolay , Lapik Alexander , Levi Sandri Paolo , Lisin Valery , Mandaglio Giuseppe , Messi Roberto , Moricciani Dario , Nedorezov Vladimir , Novinsky Dmitry , Pedroni Paolo , Polonski Andrei , Reitz Björn-Eric , Romaniuk Mariia , Scheluchin Georg , Schmieden Hartmut , Sumachev Victorin , Tarakanov Viacheslav , Tillmanns Christian
Published: September 2020

The BGO-OD experiment at the ELSA accelerator facility uses an energy tagged bremsstrahlung photon beam to investigate the excitation structure of the nucleon via meson photoproduction.

The setup with a BGO calorimeter surrounding the target and an open dipole spectrometer covering the for ward region is ideally suited for investigating low momentum transfer processes, in particular in strangeness photoproduction.

The associated photoproduction of K0S and hyperons is essential to understand the role of K* exchange mech anisms. A cusp-like structure observed in the yp → K0SΣ+ reaction at the K* threshold is described by models including dynamically generated resonances from vector meson-baryon interactions. Such interactions are pre dicted to give a peak like structure in K0SΣ0 photoproduction off the neutron. A very preliminary cross section is determined and compared to the prediction, the results appear to support the model
Studying time-like electromagnetic baryonic transitions with HADES in pion induced reactions
Authors: Ramstein Béatrice
Published: September 2020

A dedicated programme aiming at studying electromagnetic baryonic transitions in the time-like region has started at GSI using the pion beam and the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) set-up. A pioneering experiment has been carried out in the second resonance region, at a center-of-mass energy of 1.49 GeV, using carbon and polyethylene targets, allowing for an analysis of the inclusivee+e-production and of the exclusive quasi-freeπ-p→ne+e-reaction, in complement to hadronic channels. Predictions for the Dalitz decay of N(1520) and N(1535) based on real photon couplings strongly underestimate thee+e-yield at invariant masses larger than 300 MeV/c2, which signals effects of time-like baryon transition form factors, in qualitative agreement with the Vector Dominance Models (VDM). A quantitative description of the observede+e-yield is achieved by taking into account the contribution from off-shellρs. The latter was provided by the preliminary results of a Bonn-Gatchina Partial Wave Analysis of the two-pion production channels, which were measured simultaneously in our experiment. A good agreement is also obtained using a covariant model for the time-like electromagnetic form factors for the N-N(1520) transition. The angular distributions for thee+e-production contain additional selective information on the spin structure of the different transitions. The measurements with the pion beam will be extended in future in the third resonance region. Hyperon Dalitz decay studies in proton induced reactions are also foreseen.
K+Λ(1405) photoproduction at the BGO-OD experiment
Authors: Scheluchin Georg , Alef Stefan , Bauer Patrick , Beck Reinhard , Braghieri Alessandro , Cole Philip , Di Salvo Rachele , Elsner Daniel , Fantini Alessia , Freyermuth Oliver , Ghio Francesco , Gridnev Anatoly , Hammann Daniel , Hannappel Jürgen , Jude Thomas , Kohl Katrin , Kozlenko Nikolay , Lapik Alexander , Sandri Paolo Levi , Lisin Valery , Mandaglio Giuseppe , Messi Roberto , Moricciani Dario , Nedorezov Vladimir , Novinsky Dmitry , Pedroni Paolo , Polonski Andrei , Reitz Björn-Eric , Romaniuk Mariia , Schmieden Hartmut , Sumachev Victorin , Tarakanov Viacheslav , Tillmanns Christian
Published: September 2020

Since the discovery of the Λ(1405), it remains poorly described by conventional constituent quark models, and it is a candidate for having an “exotic” meson-baryon or “penta-quark” structure, similar to states recently reported in the hidden charm sector.

The Λ(1405) can be produced in the reactionγpK+Λ(1405). The pure I=0 decay mode into Σ0π0is prohibited for the mass-overlapping Σ(1385). Combining a large aperture forward magnetic spectrometer and a central BGO crystal calorimeter, the BGO-OD experiment is ideally suited to measure this decay with theK+in the forward direction. Preliminary results are presented.

*Supported by DFG (PN 388979758, 405882627)
Search for theN(1685) inηπ-Photoproduction
Authors: Werthmüller Dominik
Published: September 2020

The nucleon-like memberN(1685) of the speculative baryon antidecuplet denotes one possible explanation for the narrow peak-structure aroundW= 1.68 GeV observed in the total cross section ofη- photoproduction off the neutron. If this baryon existed, it would likely to be seen in other reactions as well. While the aforementioned peak, whatever its nature is, was confirmed by several experiments, claims for signa tures of theN(1685) in other reactions and observables are mainly made by V. Kuznetsov etal.using GRAAL data. Their latest work suggests signals of bothN(1685) charge states in all isospin channels ofηπ- photopro duction off the proton and neutron. This contribution reports on challenging these claims with data from the A2 at MAMI experiment employing photon beam energies from Ey=1.43-1.58 GeV. Theηπ0pandηπ+nfinal states produced from a hydrogen target were studied and new analysis cuts were tested in order to enhance a possible signal.
Low-energy pion-nucleon scattering and the Δ resonance in lattice QCD
Authors: Alexandrou Constantia , Koutsou Giannis , Krieg Stefan , Leskovec Luka , Meinel Stefan , Negele John W. , Paul Srijit , Petschlies Marcus , Pochinsky Andrew , Rendon Gumaro , Silvi Giorgio , Syritsyn Sergey
Published: September 2020

We report on our investigation of low-energy pion-nucleon scattering from lattice QCD with Wilson type fermions. Our focus is on the isospin I = 3/2 channel, which couples to the Delta resonance. We discuss our calculations aiming at the extraction of the Delta resonance mass, width and effective coupling at pion mass 250 MeV, using the Lüscher finite-volume method to extract the phase shift δJ=3/2,l=1.
Resonance Electroproduction and the Origin of Mass
Authors: Roberts Craig D.
Published: September 2020

One of the greatest challenges within the Standard Model is to discover the source of visible mass. Indeed, this is the focus of a “Millennium Problem”, posed by the Clay Mathematics Institute. The answer is hidden within quantum chromodynamics (QCD); and it is probable that revealing the origin of mass will also explain the nature of confinement. In connection with these issues, this perspective will describe insights that have recently been drawn using contemporary methods for solving the continuum bound-state problem in relativistic quantum field theory and how they have been informed and enabled by modern experiments on nucleon-resonance electroproduction.
Partial Wave Analysis of HADES Data for Two-Pion Production in Pion-Nucleon Reactions
Authors: Ciepał I.
Published: September 2020

Pion beams are important tools to study features of baryonic resonances and their decay channels because resonances are produced in s-channel at fixed mass equal to √s. In 2014 the HADES collaboration has performed systematic measurements in the second resonance region scanning around the mass of the N*(1520). Pion beams at four momenta (0.654, 0.686, 0.738 and 0.787 GeV/c) impinging on polyethylene and carbon targets have been used. With the use of the multichannel Partial Wave Analysis (PWA) the role of the N*(1520) resonance in conjunction with the intermediate ρ-meson production has been studied. Preliminary results at 0.654 GeV/c on exclusive production of two pions (ηπ+π- and pπ-π0) in the final state are presented.
A note on the paper “Optimality conditions for nonsmooth interval-valued and multiobjective semi-infinite programming”
Authors: Gadhi Nazih Abderrazzak , Ichatouhane Aissam
Published: September 2020

A nonsmooth semi-infinite interval-valued vector programming problem is solved in the paper by Jennaneet al. (RAIRO:OR55(2021) 1–11.). The necessary optimality condition obtained by the authors, as well as its proof, is false. Some counterexamples are given to call into question some results on which the main result (Jennaneet al.[6] Thm. 4.5) is based. For the convenience of the reader, we correct the faulty in those results, propose a correct formulation of Theorem 4.5, and give also a short proof.
Interpretation and adherence to the updated risk-stratified guideline for colonoscopy surveillance after polypectomy – a nationwide survey
Authors: van der Meulen Miriam P. , Korfage Ida J. , van Heijningen Else-Mariëtte B. , de Koning Harry J. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Dekker Evelien , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris ,   on behalf of the working group on the guideline for colonoscopy surveillance
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims Low adherence to the Dutch guideline for colonoscopy surveillance after polypectomy led to release of a new guideline in 2013. This new guideline was risk-stratified at a more detailed level than the previous one to achieve more efficient use of colonoscopy resources. This study assessed the feasibility of the risk-stratified guideline by evaluating correct interpretation of and adherence to this guideline.

Methods Based on semi-structured interviews with 10 gastroenterologists, we developed an online survey to evaluate gastroenterologists’ recommendations for surveillance in 15 example cases of patients with polyps. If recommended intervals differed from the new guideline, respondents were asked to indicate their motives for doing so.

Results Ninety-one of 592 (15.4 %) invited gastroenterologists responded to at least one case, of whom 84 (14.2 %) completed the survey. Gastroenterologists gave a correct recommendation in a median of 10 of 15 cases and adherence per case ranged from 14 % to 95 % (median case 76 %). The two cases that addressed management of serrated polyps were least often answered correctly (14 % and 28 % correct answers). Discrepancies were mainly due to misinterpretation of the guideline with respect to serrated polyps (48 %) or misreading of the questions (30 %).

Conclusions Median adherence to the updated colonoscopy surveillance guideline of 76 % seems reasonable, and is higher than adherence to the previous guideline (range: 22 %-80 %, median 59 %). This shows that detailed (more complex) risk stratification for designation of a surveillance interval is feasible. Adherence could potentially be improved by clarifying correct interpretation of serrated polyps.
Kneipp-Therapie in Senioreneinrichtungen
Authors: Ortiz Miriam
Published: September 2020

Immer mehr Einrichtungen der stationärenAltenpflege in Deutschland setzen in derPflege und Therapie ihrer Bewohner* konzeptionellnaturheilkundliche Maßnahmenunter Bezug auf Sebastian Kneipp ein. Diewissenschaftliche Evidenz dieser Verfahrenhinsichtlich krankheitspräventiver Effektewird zurzeit erforscht. Ein Pilotprojekt zurEvaluation zeigte jedoch vielversprechendeErgebnisse für die Gesundheit und Lebensqualitätder Bewohner und der Pflegekräfte.
Improving assessment and management of large non-pedunculated colorectal lesions in a Western center over 10 years: lessons learned and clinical impact
Authors: Vanella Giuseppe , Coluccio Chiara , Antonelli Giulio , Angeletti Stefano , Micheli Federica , Barbato Antonio , De Rossi Gaia , Marchetti Alessandro , Mereu Elena , Pepe Paola , Corleto Vito Domenico , D’Ambra Giancarlo , Ruggeri Maurizio , Di Giulio Emilio
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims Outcomes of endoscopic assessment and management of large colorectal (CR) non-pedunculated lesions (LNPLs) are still under evaluation, especially in Western settings. We analyzed the clinical impact of changes in LNPL management over the last decade in a European center.

Patients and methods All consecutive LNPLs ≥ 20 mm endoscopically assessed (2008–2019) were retrospectively included. Lesion, patient, and resection characteristics were compared among clinically relevant subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression (for predictors of submucosal invasion [SMI] and recurrence), Kaplan-Meier curves and ROC curves (for temporal cut-offs in trends analyses) were used.

Results A total of 395 LNPLs were included (30 mm [range 20–40]; SMI = 9.6 %; primary endoscopic resection [ER] = 88.4 %). Pseudo-depression and JNET classification independently predicted SMI beyond single morphologies/location. After complete ER, involvement of ileocecal valve/dentate line, piece-meal resection and high-grade dysplasia independently predicted recurrence. Rates of 5-year recurrence-free, surgery-free and cancer-free survival were 77.5 %, 98.6 % and 100 %, respectively, with 93.8 % recurrences endoscopically managed and no death attributable to ER or CR cancer (versus 3.4 % primary surgery mortality).ROC curves identified the period ≥ 2015 (following Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection [ESD] introduction and education on pre-resective lesion assessment) as associated with improved lesions’ characterization, increased en-bloc resection of SMI lesions (87.5 % vs 37.5 %; p = 0.0455), reduced primary surgery (7.5 % vs 16.7 %; p = 0.0072), surgical referral of benign lesions (5.1 % vs 14.8 %; p = 0.0019), and recurrences.

Conclusions ESD introduction and educational interventions allowed ER of more complex lesions, offset by increased complementary surgery for complications or intrinsic histological risk. Nevertheless, overall, they have reduced surgery demand and increased appropriateness and safety of LNPL management in our center.
Dye chromoendoscopy leads to a higher adenoma detection in the duodenum and stomach in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Strassburg C. P. , Nattermann J. , Hüneburg R. , Heling D. , Kaczmarek D. J. , van Heteren P. , Olthaus M. , Fimmers R. , Berger M. , Coch C. , Lau J. F. , Kristiansen G. , Weismüller T. J. , Spier I. , Aretz S.
Published: September 2020

Backround and study aims Duodenal cancer is the cancer most often seen in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) who have undergone risk-reducing colonic surgery. Almost all patients with FAP eventually develop duodenal adenomas and risk for duodenal cancer is up to 12 % with poor prognosis. In addition, there is a rising concern regarding increased gastric cancer risk in patients with FAP. Our aim was to enhance polyp detection by using CE (CE) with the application of indigo carmine dye.

Patient and methods We conducted a prospective, blinded study of patients with FAP undergoing endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. First, a standard white-light examination (WLE) was done followed by an examination performed by an endoscopist who was blinded to the previous examination, using chromoendoscopy (CE) (0.4 % indigo carmine dye).

Results Fifty patients were included in the study. Using WLE, a median number of 13 adenomas (range 0–90) was detected compared to 23 adenomas/patient (range 0–150; P < 0.0001) detected after staining, leading to a higher Spigelman stage in 16 patients (32 %; P = 0.0003). CE detected significantly more larger adenomas (> 10 mm) than WLE (12 vs. 19; P = 0.0391). In the gastric antral region, a median number of 0 adenomas (range 0–6) before and 0.5 adenomas (range 0–7) after staining (P = 0.0025) were detected.

Conclusion This prospective endoscopic trial, to our knowledge the largest in patients with FAP, showed a significant impact of CE on adenoma detection and therapeutic management in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This leads to more intensive surveillance intervals.
Can high-frequency mini-probe endoscopic ultrasonography predict outcome of endoscopic dilation in patients with benign esophageal strictures?
Authors: Daniel Philip , Samanta Jayanta , Gulati Ajay , Gupta Pankaj , Muktesh Gaurav , Sinha Saroj K. , Kochhar Rakesh
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims Endoscopic dilation is first-line management for benign esophageal strictures (ES). Depth of involvement of the esophageal wall on endosonography using high frequency mini-probe (EUS-M) may predict response to dilation. This study evaluated EUS-M characteristics to predict response of ES to endoscopic dilation.

Patients and methods EUS-M was used to measure the total esophageal wall thickness (EWT), involved EWT, percentage of involved wall and layers of wall involved in consecutive patients of benign ES. After a maximum of five sessions of endoscopic dilation, the cohort was divided into responders and refractory strictures. EUS-M characteristics were compared for underlying etiology as also between responders and refractory strictures.

Results Of the 30 strictures (17 females, age: 47.16 ± 15.86 yrs.) 13 were anastomotic, eight corrosive, seven peptic and 2 others. Corrosive strictures had the highest involved EWT and percentage of involved wall (3.51 ± 1.36 mm; 76.38 %) followed by anastomotic (2.73 ± 1.7 mm; 65.54 %) and peptic (1.39 ± 0.62 mm; 40.71 %) (P = 0.026 and 0.021 respectively). After five dilations, 22 were classified as responders and eight as refractory. Wall involvement > 70 % had a greater proportion of refractory strictures (P = 0.019). Strictures with involved EWT of ≥ 2.85 mm required more dilations (P = 0.011). Fewer dilations were required for stricture resolution with only mucosal involvement compared to deeper involvement such as submucosa and muscularis propria (2.14 vs. 5.80; P = 0.001).

Conclusion EUS-M evaluation shows that corrosive and anastomotic strictures have greater depth of involvement compared to peptic strictures. Depth of esophageal wall involvement in a stricture predicts response to dilation.