bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standard Operating Procedure for Specimen Collection, Packaging and Transport for Diagnosis of SARS-COV-2
Authors: Shrestha Lok Bahadur , Pokharel Khilasa
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus disease-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2). Specimen quality, and proper transportation is vital for accurate diagnosis. This standard operating procedure is designed to educate the clinicians, nurses, paramedics, and laboratory personnel regarding proper methods of sample collection, packaging, and transportation. Nasopharyngeal swabs and/or oropharyngeal swabs should be collected for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect SARS-CoV-2. The sample should be collected wearing proper personal protective equipment, packed in a triple packaging system, and transported maintaining cold chain.
Lifestyle, behavior, perception and practices of Nepalese during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kandel Samikshya , Lamsal Mahesh , Yadav Saroj Adhikari , Bhandari Dipak , Adhikari Ganesh , Poudel Sagar , Sharma Pawan , Gautam Swotantra
Published: November 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 infection is caused by a new strain of SARS CoV-2 virus, which transmits directly from person-to-person and has become a pandemic. To counteract this, actions related to mass quarantines or stay-at-home orders have been used termed as lockdown. This study aims to study lifestyle, behaviour, perception and practice of people regarding during the lockdown.

Methods: An online survey was conducted with structured questionnaire in Google forms after ethical approval from Nepal Health Research Council (Ref-2631). The attributes of knowledge, attitude and practices were explored using multiple-choice questions and results were statistically analysed using Microsoft excel.

Results: Five hundred fifty-five respondents completed the survey with 280 (50.5%) males and 275 (49.5%) female. The knowledge regarding viral pandemic was increased in 496 (89.3%) respondents. 424 (76.4%) people developed stress due to pandemic. Three hundred fifty three (63.6%) were adversely affected by professional works or suffered economic loss in business. More than 42% participants are using their time for study in personal development, online classes etc.

Conclusions: The knowledge of viral pandemic as well as personal hygiene habits have improved in majority of people but many also developed stress. They were convinced that lockdown lowered transmission of infection which in turn affected lifestyle behaviour and practices. Practicing social distancing becomes too difficult for the poor in the absence of proper social security system and government support. E-Learning has become more acceptable due to lockdown. Further studies with in-person interviews are warranted.
Incense Stick: An Overlooked Source of Health Hazard
Authors: Shrestha Oshan
Published: November 2020

Nepal, predominantly inhabited by people driven by the principles of Hinduism and Buddhism, has seen the practice of burning incense sticks for a very long time. There has been an extensive practice of burning incense sticks in temples, monasteries, and even regularly in indoor household settings. This article puts light on the constituents of smoke coming from a burning incense stick and on the possible risks, they possess for occupational hazards and indoor air pollution.
Un modello di santità femminile alla corte dei Merovingi: per un approccio storico-religioso alla figura di Gertrude badessa di Nivelles
Authors: Iannello Fausto
Published: November 2020

Autor niniejszego artykułu pragnie omówić historyczno-religijny wpływ wy­wierany przez św. Gertrudę z Nivelles w świetle nowych trendów kulturowych poruszonych przez tzw. „gender studies” oraz w kontekście tych lat, które przy­czyniły się bardziej niż inne do powstania tak zwanego „zachodniego chrześcijań­stwa”. Przez pryzmat działań młodej ksieni merowińskiej, w kluczowym czasie przygotowującym renesans karoliński, możemy obserwować całkowicie orygi­nalny model kobiecej świętości.
Znaczenie uroczystości kultowych w życiu społecznym armii rzymskiej okresu pryncypatu w świetle Feriale duranum
Authors: Dziurdzik Tomasz
Published: November 2020

The aim of the present paper is to thoroughly reconstruct the meaning of the official cult ceremonies for the social life of the Roman Imperial army. Crucial to the analysis is the evidence produced by the Feriale Duranum, a papyrus docu­ment dating to the reign of Severus Alexander, but supported also by other sources. The matter of loyalty to the state and ruler is characteristic of most military ceremonies. Hierarchy and social order are emphasised as well, all four being values important for the military ideology. Participation in the same rites influ­enced the morale and esprit de corps not only in a particular unit, but also within the whole army. Therefore one can view the rites as an expression of a military identity, serving also to distinguish the soldiers as a separate social group. The of­ficial holidays were also of importance for the private life of a soldier, being one of few occasions when exemption from work and free time were granted. This made such ceremonies a welcome break from camp routine. As such, the official military religious rites were vital for the social life of both individual soldiers and military communities, be it units or even the whole army.
Boże zwycięstwo (ενθεοσ νικη) – „ideologia tryumfu” w "Historii kościelnej" Euzebiusza z Cezarei
Authors: Bralewski Sławomir
Published: November 2020

“Ideology of victory” occupied a very important place in Ecclesiastical His­tory by Eusebius of Caesarea. The victory which he described had a sacred dimen­sion. It was God’s triumph in a war which mankind declared on God himself. Its turning point was the appearance of the Word of God, Wisdom, Jesus Christ, who taught people how to worship God the Father and who was given the power, the eternal reign of the everlasting kingdom. Together with his advent, according to Eusebius, a new Christian people came into being. Since it adopted the lifestyle and customs based on piety originating from the beginnings of mankind, it was not, in fact, a new nation. Christians fought a war against evil spirits, which were hostile to people and which hated God, my means of pure love. Christ, as God’s commander in chief, the Lord and the King, led this battle. Eusebius stated that He armed his army with piety and defeated the enemies completely. Victories achieved by Christians over the enemies of God, inspired by the evil spirit and dominated by hubris, had several dimensions: sacral-military, martyr’s and doc­trinal. The first one corresponded to the Roman tradition and was connected with the choice of the divine patron, to whose power military victories were attributed. Emperor Constantine played a special role in it, as, on the one hand, he chose the Christian God to be his ally and, on the other hand, was himself chosen by God and became a God’s tool. Having defeated God’s enemies, the Emperor put an end to the war between God and mankind and eliminated all the hatred to Him from the world. From the perspective of martyrdom, Christians seemingly suffered a defeat, while their prosecutors saw the triumph of their own gods in the suffer­ing and death of Christians. In fact, martyrs, under the sign of Christ, the great and undefeated athlete, triumphed giving their life for God, which was God’s victory. As a reward for their sacrifice they received the wonderful wreath of immortality. In the third, doctrinal dimension the truth preached by Christians triumphed over false teachings and predominated over them by virtue of their holiness and wis­dom and divine and philosophical principles, on which it was based.
Organizacja wojskowa Peloponezu według Jerzego Gemistosa Plethona
Authors: Raszewski Jacek
Published: November 2020

The article summarises, analyses and develops the opinions conveyed by the secondary literature regarding the inspirations for the reorganisation of the military system of Peloponnese as proposed by George Gemistos Plethon. Three sources of inspiration taken into consideration are: the ancient one (Platonic theo­retical framework and the Spartan society), the Byzantine one (the pronoia sys­tem) and the Ottoman one (the timar system). It seems that for Plethon the ancient component was more important in the symbolic sphere related to the Hellenic identity promoted by him. The core of the reform consists of the idea of binding the duties towards the state with the income derived from the land. The analogies are to be found among the institutions contemporary to Plethon.
Fear – an aspect of Byzantine psychological warfare
Authors: Różycki Łukasz
Published: November 2020

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, w jaki sposób strach oddziaływał na starożyt­nych żołnierzy. W badaniach wykorzystano metody stosowane w nowej histo­rii wojskowości oraz elementy warsztatu psychologii społecznej, zwłaszcza jej części traktującej o zachowaniach zbiorowych. W celu dokonania analizy, autor wykorzystał traktat wojskowy z końca VI w. – Ars militaris oraz inne teksty źródłowe, pełniące funkcję pomocniczą. Dzięki zastosowaniu źródła spisanego przez autora będącego praktykiem, udało się uchwycić elementy póź­norzymskiej sztuki wojennej, które dziś określamy mianem wojny psychologicz­nej. Autor artykułu postawił hipotezę, że starożytni dowódcy świadomie wyko­rzystywali strach jako pożyteczne narzędzie motywujące własnych żołnierzy oraz demotywujące wojska przeciwnika; w zakończeniu podkreślił jednak, że dalsze badania nad tym zagadnieniem są konieczne, a wyniki należy interpretować bar­dzo ostrożnie w przypadku stosowania nowoczesnego kotekstu.
Saint Ambrose of Milan and the establishment of Christianity within the conventions of the new language for the Christians
Authors: Zajc Neža
Published: November 2020

Autor artykułu chce ukazać ortodoksyjny kontekst, będący efektem orzeczeń soborowych, traktowany jako pewien ekumeniczny aspekt myśli teologicznej św. Ambrożego, który milcząco wymuszał jednoczesne korzystanie z Zachodniej i Wschodniej tradycji liturgicznej. Pozycja Ambrożego jako biskupa Mediolanu, który głęboko rozpatrywał problemy dotyczące „nowego” języka chrześcijańskie­go używanego w liturgii, a także problem historii Kościoła i liturgii, pozwoliła mu bezpośrednio wpływać na poprawę stosunków między Niceą Wschodu i Zacho­du. Jego hymny, osobiste pisma i traktaty odzwierciedlały dogmatyczne, języko­we i ikonograficzne trudności tworzenia się państwa chrześcijańskiego: od Nicei do Trullo (lub od Konstantyna Wielkiego do Justyniana II), przez które Bizancjum weszło ostatecznie w niezwykle trudny okres ikonoklazmu (w latach 711-843).
Obraz chrześcijańskiego władcy w listach św. Ambrożego
Authors: Wysocki Marcin
Published: November 2020

St. Ambrose of Milan was the first of the great bishops of the western part of the Empire, who lived and held his pontificate, when the Christian religion has become religio licita, and even for a short period of time he could enjoy the status of Christianity as religio regalis. The position which he held gave him an opportu­nity, or even necessity, frequent contacts with the rulers of the Empire. Therefore, both the personal experience of the secular power, the function exercised by him before he became a bishop, religious and social circumstances, but also pastoral reasons influenced the fact that he formed the image of a Christian emperor, that Ambrose tried to show to his flock, but most of all to the emperors with whom he shared his concern for the Christian world. The article shows the image of a Chri­stian emperor in the letters of St. Ambrose.
Pengaruh Regret Aversion Bias dan Risk Tolerance bagi Investor Muda Jawa Barat terhadap Keputusan Investasi
Authors: Nurdinda Wahyu , Muslihat Asep , Putra Raden Aditya Kristamtomo
Published: November 2020

This study aims to describe the influence of regret aversion bias and risk tolerance on west java young investors through investment decision partially and simultaneously. Data obtained by distributing questionnaires in 8 State Universities in West Java with sample of 363 people taken from grade 2015 of Economics and Business Faculty students. After the data is obtained, then the data is analyzed using the path analysis. The results of the verification test showed regret aversion bias partially has total influence 7% on investment decision while risk tolerance partially has total influence 22,8% on investment decision, finally total influence of regret aversion bias and risk tolerance on investment decision simultaneously is equal 29, 8% and the influence of other variables outside the model is 70.2%..
Pembiayaan Murabahah, Pembiayaan Mudharabah, Pembiayaan Musyarakah, Profitabilitas.
Authors: Diana Nana
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembiayaan Murabahah, Mudharabah dan Musyarakah terhadap Profitabilitas bank umum syariah di Indonesia periode Juni 2015-September 2018. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif.Â Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini antara lain uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda, Koefisien determinasi, serta pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji signifikansi parsial (uji-t) dan signifikansi simultan (uji-f). Penelitian ini menggunakan software SPSS untuk mengolah data.Hasil penelitian menunjukan pembiayaan murabahah Â secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas dengan nilai thitungÂ sebesar 3,118 > ttabelÂ 2,004 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,003 < 0,05. Pembiayaan mudharabah secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas dengan nilai thitungÂ sebesar -0,010 > ttabelÂ 2,004 dengan signifikansi 0,317 > 0,05. Pembiayaan musyarakah secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas dengan nilai thitung -9,995 < ttabel 2,004 dengan signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Â Secara simultan pembiayaan murabahah, mudharabah dan musyarakah berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas dengan nilai fhitungÂ sebesar 36,216 > ftabelÂ 2,783 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05.
Pengaruh Tenaga Kerja (Human Capital) Dan Daya Dorong Investasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Provinsi Papua (Studi Kasus)
Authors: Rasyid Abdul
Published: November 2020

The economic development efforts of the Papua province should focus on increasing employment opportunities and increasing investment as a stimulus to economic growth, thereby distributing community opportunities in every productivity Can be acquired for community welfare and economic development. Therefore, each autonomous region has the freedom to develop all potential and assets owned, especially the potential of natural resources that can be used as a mainstay asset in the development of regional economies in general. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze how the influence of Labour (Human Capital) and the power of investment in economic growth in Papua province (case study).The results showed that: the provision of employment opportunities in the Papua province is influenced by investment and real investment affects the provision of employment opportunities. This is because there is a lot of investment supported by the Government through a development financing budget that use more oriented to the development of sectors that are less absorbing workforce. Investment and Labour, both have no positive effect on the percapita income and economic growth.
Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kreatif Melalui Daur Ulang Sampah Rumah Tangga
Authors: Istiqomah Sifa , S Surepno
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses pemberdayaan ekonomi kreatif melalui daur ulang sampah pada Bank Sampah Karang Taruna Tunjung Seto Bae Kudus dan dampak sosial ekonomi dari keberadaan Bank Sampah karang Taruna Tunjung Seto Bae Kudus. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) dan studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Adapun uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan uji kredibilitas melalui perpanjangan pengamatan, peningkatan ketekunan, triangulasi, menggunakan bahan referensi, analisis kasus negatif dan member check. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Bank Sampah Karang Taruna Tunjung Seto memberdayakan masyarakat sekitar dengan mengadakan kegiatan daur ulang sampah menjadi barang kerajinan yang bernilai ekonomis. Dimana tahapan pemberdayaan yang berlaku di Bank Sampah Karang Taruna Tunjung Seto meliputi penyadaran, pengorganisasian, kaderisasi, dukungan teknis dan pengelolaan sistem. Dampak ekonomi yang ditimbulkan akibat keberadaan Bank Sampah Karang Taruna Tunjung Seto yakni terciptanya gerakan ekonomi kreatif melalui pembuatan kerajinan dari bahan dasar sampah. Dari kegiatan ini keuntungan finansial yang mampu dicapai adalah sebesar Rp. 20.150.000 pada tahun 2018.Â
BATI AKDENİZ HAVZALARI VE YAKIN ÇEVRESİNDE KURAKLIK EĞİLİMİ VE SU KAYNAKLARI İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: ÖZÜPEKÇE Salman
Published: November 2020

Türkiye’de son yıllarda hem hatalı ve plansız arazi kullanımı hem de kuraklık gibi parametrelere bağlı olarak çok sayıda sulak alan yok olmuştur. Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’nin en zengin sulak alanlarını içeren Batı Akdeniz Havzalarında Thornthwaite iklim sınıflaması ve kuraklık analizi yapılmıştır. Böylelikle kuraklık eğilimi ve değişen iklim koşullarının sulak alanların yok olmasındaki etkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular çalışma alanında yer alan Acıgöl, Eğirdir Gölü ve Burdur Göllerinin hızla daraldığını göstermektedir. Bu değişimde artan kuraklık eğiliminin ve değişen iklim koşullarının önemli bir payı söz konusudur. Batı Akdeniz’de yer alan sulak alanlar yalnızca hatalı ve plansız arazi kullanımına bağlı olarak değil kuraklaşan iklim koşullarından dolayı da hızla tükenme eğilimindedir. Bu durumun, bölge için detaylı bir iklim, kuraklık ve sulak alan ilişkisini ortaya koyan araştırmalar ile ortaya konulması gerekmektedir. Aksi takdirde Türkiye’nin güneybatısında yer alan bu havza bugün bulundurduğu zengin su kaynaklarını 50 yıl sonra büyük oranda kaybetme riski ile karşı karşıya kalacaktır.
Considerations on the relationship between dialectal variation
and therapeutic approaches to speech disorders
Authors: Vergara Viviana , Ceballos Ospina Juan , Cifuentes Muñoz Nimrod
Published: November 2020

In healthcare, phenomena which are frequent and expected in a given community or culture are considered normal. However, the criteria currently used to determine when speech sound interventions should be performed do not adhere to this standard, and do not take into account patients’ psychosocial characteristics, but rather continue to follow the biomedical model. After a review of the relevant literature, we propose that new criteria for speech sound evaluation and intervention are needed. We argue that such criteria should be developed by a multidisciplinary group made up of experts in healthcare, education and the social sciences, using a descriptivist framework and adhering to the biopsychosocial model.
Compost-formulated Media for Foliage Plant Production
Authors: Chen Jianjun , McConnell Dennis B.
Published: November 2020

This document is ENH873, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date September 11, 2002.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep129
Agroforestry: Options for Landowners
Authors: Workman Sarah W. , Long Alan J. , Mohan Soumya , Monroe Martha C.
Published: November 2020

This document is FOR 104, one of a series of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Center for Subtropical Agroforestry (CSTAF), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. This publication was produced by the University of Florida with assistance from a grant from USDA/CSREES/IFAFS. First published August 2002. 

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr136
Parenting During the Elementary School Years, Part 2: Discipline
Authors: Ferrer Millie , Rivera Ingrid , Fugate Anne M.
Published: November 2020

This document is FCS2203, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: September 2002.
Manual de Prácticas para el Mejor Manejo Postcosecha del Mango
Authors: Brecht Jeffrey K. , Sargent Steven A. , Kader Adel A. , Mitcham Elizabeth J. , Maul Fernando , Brecht Patrick E. , Menocal Octavio
Published: November 2020

Mejorar la calidad y laconsistencia de los frutos frescos de mangos que están disponibles para los consumidores en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica es un importante objetivo del National Mango Board (NMB). El National Mango Board financió el proyecto: “Monitoreo y Evaluación de la Cadena de Suministro del Mango para mejorar su Calidad”, el cual se denominó Proyecto de Calidad del Mango, el cual fue conducido de Diciembre 2007 a Abril de 2009 para identificar los problemas que impiden el que se puedan lograr estos objetivos de manera exitosa. El producto final del Proyecto de Calidad de Mango es este Manual sobre las Mejores Practicas para la Cosecha y el Manejo de los Mangos Comercializados en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Este manual incluye los procedimientos de control de calidad a ser utilizados cuando se monitoree la madurez y calidad en las operaciones comerciales en cuanto al manejo de los frutos de mangos. El manual de 73 páginas se puede descargar haciendo 'clic' en el ícono de PDF ubicado en la esquina superior izquierda, o haga 'clic' aqui.
Elderberry and Elderflower (Sambucus spp.): A Cultivation Guide for Florida
Authors: Jarnagin David , Sarkhosh Ali , Popenoe Juanita , Sargent Steve , Athearn Kevin
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this new 9-page paper, written by David Jarnagin, Ali Sarkhosh, Juanita Popenoe, Steve Sargent, and Kevin Athearn, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department, is to provide information on growing American elderberry in Florida as an alternative crop for commercial growers as well as homeowners. Although elderberry has been historically grown at commercial scale in some world regions, especially throughout Europe, in the New World it has not found meaningful commercial acceptance until recently.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1390
Goji Berry: a Novel Nutraceutical "Superfruit" for Florida Master Gardeners
Authors: Jiao Yujie , Liu Guodong
Published: November 2020

Goji berries have been used in both fresh and processed forms for food and medicine for more than 4,000 years in China. The goji berry fruit is known as a “superfruit” thanks to its high levels of vitamins and minerals, as well as other medicinal benefits recognized in many countries around the world. Most of Florida’s climate is favorable for goji berry, and a few Florida growers have cultivated it for years. This species can tolerate infertile and unfavorable growth conditions, and the prominent health benefits of this crop may behighly profitable for Florida growers. The objective of this new 7-page article is to provide a general overview of how the goji berry can be grown in Florida. Written by Yujie Jiao and Guodong Liu, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1391
Insect Management for Leafy Vegetables (Lettuce, Endive and Escarole)
Authors: Nuessly Gregg S. , Webb Susan E.
Published: November 2020

This document is ENY-475 (which replaces ENY-430, ENY-432, and ENY-440), one of a series of the Entomology & Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: July 2002.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ig161
Human Lice: Body Louse, Pediculus humanus humanus Linnaeus and Head Louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Insecta: Phthiraptera (Anoplura): Pediculidae)
Authors: Weems, Jr. H. V. , Fasulo Thomas R.
Published: November 2020

This document is EENY-104, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date July 1999. Reviewed May 2003.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in261
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF 3D MODELING AND RAPID PROTOTYPING FOR FORMING DIGITAL COMPETENCIES
Authors: Mamaeva E. A. , Suvorova T. N.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the use of 3D modeling and rapid prototyping in the process of teaching schoolchildren abroad. The relevance of this approach is shown on the example of the UK, Singapore, Japan and the USA, where the implementation of additive technologies is becoming one of the priority areas of education development. Various formats of using 3D modeling in the educational process are considered. The potential of 3D modeling and prototyping as an object of study and a teaching tool, as a tool to increase the involvement of schoolchildren and their motivation is analyzed. The methodological techniques used in foreign pedagogical practice of using 3D technologies are considered. Difficulties arising in the implementation of 3D modeling and prototyping in the educational process are indicated. The prospects for further research in this direction are shown. They are associated with the need for a more detailed study, understanding and systematization of foreign experience in order to further adapt to the conditions of the Russian school and develop, on its basis, original author's methods that are most effective for the formation of digital competencies of students.
EVALUASI SENSORI PRODUK COKLAT BATANGAN BERBAHAN BAKU BIJI KAKAO KERING PADA BERBAGAI PERLAKUAN FERMENTASI
Authors: Apriyanto Mulono , Yulianti
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerimaan panelis pada coklat batangan yang dihasilkan dari berbagai perlakuan fermentasi pada biji kakao kering jemur. Variasi fermentasi terdiri dua perlakuan yaitu, penambahan inokulum secara bertahap (A1) dan penambahan inokulum secara serentak diawal fermentasi (A2). Inokulum yang ditambahkan adalah S. cerevisiae (FNCC 3056), L. lactis (FNC 0086) dan A. aceti (FNCC 0016). Perlakuan kontrol adalah biji kakao kering tanpa fermentasi (A0). Lama fermentasi 120 jam selanjutnya biji kakao hasil fermentasi selanjutnya diolah menjadi coklat batang. Coklat batang yang dihasilkan dianalisis secara sensoris meliputi evaluasi rasa sepat, pahit, dan asam serta di uji yang digunakan kandungan polifenol coklat batang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadi penurunan rasa sepat, pahit dan asam berturut turut dari perlakuan A0, A2, A1. Kandungan polifenol tertinggi berturut A0, A2, dan A1. Panelis menyatakan coklat batang yang di sukai berbahan baku biji kakao perlakuan A1.
Un’indagine sulla percezione del carico assistenziale tra gli infermieri italiani, nell’era del COVID-19
Authors: Primavera Emanuele , Leonelli Simona
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Following the COVID-19 infection, the World Health Organization declared the world-wide pandemic on 11th March 2020. This event has led to a reconfiguration of healthcare companies with a reorganization of the work activity of health personnel. This reconfiguration has involved and upset the ordinary routine of healthcare professionals. Objective: The study aims to analyze the Italian nurses’ perceived workload that because of COVID-19 pandemic has changed patients care needs. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by administering an online questionnaire related to the care workload perceived by nurses (i.e., the IDA score). The questionnaire was administered between April and May 2020 and was posted on the wall of three Facebook groups of nurses. 956 people view the posts, and 281 complete surveys returned (response rate of 29.4%). Results: Results show that nurses perceive a medium-high IDA score; that is, on average, patients require relatively high assistance. The patients’ needs that required nurses’ greater assistance were movement, hygiene, the need for a safe environment, and breathing. Furthermore, nurses located in southern Italy and the islands, male nurses, those over the age of 40, and those operating in critical areas and/or in COVID-19 wards perceived a greater care load for patients, compared to their counterparts. Discussion: The paper provides a photograph of the current working situation of Italian nurses. Results have shown interesting differences between the nurses’ perceptions based on gender, age, geographic area, and wards. The results of our study show that the most critical patients’dependence needs in this pandemic period are: movement, hygiene, safe environment, and breathing. International literature shows that operators generally overlook those due staff shortages in the wards and too high number of patients per operator. Therefore, these needs came back into vogue in the pandemic period; on one side Italian nurses rediscovered the importance of those patients’ need, and on the other hand, patients require from the operator harder assistance. Hence our conclusion: the care dependence of the coronavirus patient has a great impact on the nurse’s work and psychophysical well-being.
Nilai Taksonomi Ciri Morfologi Daun Tumbuhan Berdaun Saputangan dalam Caesalpiniaceae
Authors: Marista Etha , Hartana Alex
Published: November 2020

Spesimen daun muda tumbuhan umumnya jarang ditemukan pada koleksi herbarium sehingga tidak pernah diteliti nilai taksonominya sebagai pengenal keanekaragaman jenis. Caesalpiniaceae merupakan suku tumbuhan yang beberapa marganya memiliki karakteristik pemoposan daun (leaf flushing) yang dikenal dengan sebutan“daun saputangan”. Untuk itu, enam belas jenis dari suku Caesalpiniaceae berdaun saputangan diamati spesimen hidupnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enambelas jenis yang tergolong dalam lima marga Caesalpiniaceae berdaun saputangan dapat dibedakan berdasarkan ciri morfologi pemoposan daunnya seperti: keberadaan perula, bentuk kuncup daun dorman, dan kuncup daun tumbuh, warna daun saat pemoposan, tipe indumentum kuncup daun tumbuh, variasi bentuk daun selama proses pemoposan, jumlah dan ukuran daun. Kunci identifikasi lima marga beserta jenis-jenisnya disediakan berdasarkan ciri pemoposan daun tersebut.
Keanekaragaman dan Rekaman Baru Jenis Lumut di Pulau Sumatra
Authors: Kasiani Kasiani , Afriyansyah Budi , Juairiah Lina , Windadri Florentina Indah
Published: November 2020

Inventarisasi tumbuhan lumut di kawasan konservasi dan destinasi wisata  Bukit Peramun, Desa Air Selumar, Kecamatan Sijuk, Belitung telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenisnya. Metode jelajah atau eksplorasi  digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan area jelajah pada 15 titik lokasi yang banyak ditemukan lumut. Hasil penelitian mencatat 28 jenis lumut yang terdiri dari 20 jenis lumut sejati (5 suku) dan 8 jenis lumut hati (5 suku). Calymperaceae (lumut sejati) dan  Lejeuneaceae. (lumut hati berdaun) merupakan lumut yang paling banyak ditemukan dilokasi penelitian yaitu sebanyak 7 jenis  (4 jenis lumut hati dan 3 jenis lumut sejati) dilaporkan sebagai  rekaman baru bagi Pulau Sumatera.
Reinstatement of Desmos subbiglandulosus (Annonaceae) in Borneo
Authors: Nikmah Isna Arofatun , Chikmawati Tatik , Rugayah Rugayah
Published: November 2020

Desmos subbiglandulosus (Miq.) Merr., previously placed as a synonym of Desmos dumosus (Roxb.) Saff., is reinstated based on the examination of herbarium specimens and type material of D. subbiglandulosus from Borneo deposited in Herbarium Bogoriense. The specimens of D. subbiglandulosus and D. dumosus are morphologically distinct. All the specimens Desmos from Borneo previously identified as D. dumosus should belong to D. subbiglandulosus.
KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES LUMUT HATI EPIFIT DAN REKAMAN BARU UNTUK JAWA
Authors: Putrika Afiatry , Kartika Wijaya Shela , Dwiranti Astari , Atria Mega
Published: November 2020

Afiatry Putrika, Shela Kartika Wijaya, Astari Dwiranti, Mega Atria. 2020. Epiphytic Liverworts Diversity and New Record for Java. Floribunda 6(4): 133–140. —  Indonesia University (IU) has an open green space area, that consists of urban forest and the garden inside campus. The existence of these areas makes that location has various species of plants, especially tree species which become substrate for leafy liverworts. The objective of this study is to identify the leafy liverworts species diversity in the Campus of IU Depok. This research was conducted in the IU urban forest and campus main road by broad survey method. Those leafy liverworts sample was collected at 4 different direction of 0–2 m high of tree trunk. The liverworts samples were observed using a light microscope in the laboratory. There are 10 species of liverworts were recorded from Indonesia University which belong to 2 families and 6 genera. Two of them are new record for Java. Afiatry Putrika, Shela Kartika Wijaya, Astari Dwiranti, Mega Atria. 2020. Keanekaragaman Spesies Lumut Hati Epifit dan Rekaman Baru untuk Jawa. Floribunda 6(4): 133–140. —  Universitas Indonesia (UI) me-miliki kawasan ruang terbuka hijau yang terdiri atas hutan kota dan taman sekitar kampus. Keberadaan ruang terbuka tersebut membuat UI memiliki beragam jenis flora, termasuk pohon yang dapat menjadi substrat tumbuhnya lumut hati berdaun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman spesies lumut hati epifit yang ada di Kampus UI Depok. Penelitian dilakukan di Hutan Kota dan jalan utama kampus UI Depok. Pengambilan sampel lumut hati di Hutan Kota dan jalan utama kampus dilakukan dengan metode jelajah bebas. Sampel lumut pada pohon inang dikoleksi dari 4 arah mata angin pada ketinggian 0–2 meter dari permukaan tanah. Sampel lumut diamati di laboratorium menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 10 spesies lumut hati epifit di kampus UI yang berasal dari 2 famili dan 6 genus. Dua spesies merupakan catatan baru untuk Jawa.
LEAF ANATOMICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN NATURAL HYBRID NEPENTHES AMPULLARIA JACK × NEPENTHES MIRABILIS (LOUR.) DRUCE WITH THE PARENTAL SPECIES IN KERINCI, JAMBI
Authors: Al Farishy Dee Dee , Nisyawati Nisyawati , Metusala Destario
Published: November 2020

Dee Dee Al Farishy, Nisyawati, Destario Metusala. 2020. Perbandingan Anatomi Hibrid Alam Daun Nepenthes ampullaria Jack x Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce dengan Spesies Induk di Kerinci, Jambi. Floribunda 6(4): 141–153. — Nepenthes merupakan tanaman berumah dua yang dapat memproduksi persilangan alami, termasuk N. ampullaria  dan  N. mirabilis. Persilangan tersebut kurang lebih berbagi karakter atau peralihan antara kedua spesies parental. Objektif penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis ke-samaan karakter taksa persilangan tersebut berdasarkan organ daun dasar. Sampel dikoleksi dari Danau Lingkat, Kerinci, Jambi. Data observasi diukur secara kualitatif, kuantitatif menggunakan SPSS 22 dengan tes parametrik, dan non-parametrik, serta Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) dari 27 karakter. Secara kualitas, terdapat dua karakter persilangan yang berupa peralihan. Secara kuantitas, terdapat pula 14 karakter yang tidak berbeda signifkan, 1 karakter serupa N. ampullaria, 4 karakter serupa N. mirabilis, 1 karakter peralihan, dan 3 karakter berbeda dengan kedua parental. Dee Dee Al Farishy, Nisyawati, Destario Metusala. 2020. Leaf Anatomical Comparison Between Natural Hybrid Nepenthes ampullaria Jack × Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce with the Parental Species in Kerinci, Jambi. Floribunda 6(4): 141–153. — Nepenthes are dioceous plant that could produce natural hybrid, including N. ampullaria and N. mirabilis. The hybrid more or less have intermediate or sharing character between two parent species. The objective of the research were to analyze character similarity acccording to basic leaves organ. Sample collected from Lingkat Lake, Kerinci, Jambi. Observation data were measured qualitatively, quantitatively using SPSS 22 with parametric test, non-parametric test, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) from 27 characters. Qualitatively, there are two hybrid characters that inter-mediate. Quantitatively, there are 14 characters are not significantly different, 1 character similar to N. ampullaria, 4 characters similar to N. mirabilis, 1 character intermediate, and 3 characters are different with two parent.
KEANEKARAGAMAN GENETIK KAPULASAN [NEPHELIUM RAMBOUTAN-AKE (LABILL.) LEENH.] DI JAWA BERDASARKAN MARKA SSR DAN ISSR
Authors: Ratna Djuita Nina , Hartana Alex , Chikmawati Tatik , Dorly Dorly
Published: November 2020

Nina Ratna Djuita, Alex Hartana, Tatik Chikmawati, Dorly. 2020. Genetic Diversity of Pulasan [Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.] of Java Based on SSR and ISSR Markers. Floribunda 6(4): 117–126. —  Pulasan is one of the potential local fruits to be developed. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of pulasan of Java using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers and to obtain information whether primers of the markers could be used to distinguish male and her-maphrodite plants. The results showed that two primers in the SSR markers and seven primers in the ISSR markers produced polymorphic bands. The genomic DNA of the pulasan amplified with SSR markers produced bands 140–500 bp, while those from the ISSR markers were 150–1500 bp. The population of pulasan in Babakan Madang has the highest genetic diversity, while that of Patean is the lowest. Genetic variation of pulasan based on SSR and ISSR markers in the population and among populations have different compositions. Variation in the population is 72% while among the population is 28%. Primers of LML Y6 and LML Y12 from SSR markers and primers of ISSR 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 cannot be used to distinguish male and hermaphrodite pulasan plants. Nina Ratna Djuita, Alex Hartana, Tatik Chikmawati, Dorly. 2020. Keanekaragaman Genetik Kapulasan [Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.] di Jawa Berdasarkan Marka SSR dan ISSR. Floribunda 6(4): 117–126. —  Kapulasan merupakan salah satu buah lokal yang potensial untuk dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman genetik kapulasan di Jawa dengan menggunakan marka Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) dan Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) serta untuk mendapatkan informasi apakah primer dari marka tersebut dapat dipakai untuk membedakan tumbuhan jantan dan hermafrodit.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua primer pada marka SSR dan tujuh primer pada marka ISSR menghasilkan pita polimorfik. DNA genom kapulasan yang diamplifikasi dengan  marka SSR menghasilkan pita-pita dengan ukuran 110–500 bp, sedangkan dari marka ISSR berukuran 150–1500 bp. Populasi kapulasan di Babakan Madang mempunyai keanekaragaman genetik paling tinggi, sedangkan populasi di Patean paling rendah. Variasi genetik kapulasan berdasarkan  marka SSR dan ISSR di dalam populasi dan di antara populasi mempunyai komposisi yang berbeda. Variasi di dalam populasi sebesar 72 % sedangkan di antara populasi sebesar 28%. Primer LML Y6 dan LML Y12 dari marka SSR dan primer ISSR 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9  tidak dapat digunakan untuk membedakan tumbuhan kapulasan jantan dan hermafrodit.
STUDI PERBANDINGAN KARAKTER MAKROSKOPIS DAN MIKROSKOPIS TIGA JENIS PHYLLANTHUS L.
Authors: Maruzy Anshary , Athikah Fatkhul Jannah Dewi , Pitoyo Ari , Subositi Dyah
Published: November 2020

Anshary Maruzy, Dewi Athikah Fatkhul Jannah, Ari Pitoyo, Dyah Subositi. 2020. Comparison Study of Macroscopic and Microscopic Characters in Three Species Phyllanthus L. Floribunda 6(4): 154–166. — Many members of the genus Phyllanthus are widely used as raw materials for medicine. Three species of Phyllanthus that are P. amarus Schumach. & Thonn., P. urinaria L., and P. debilis Klein ex Willd. have a lot of similarity. The aims of this study were to compare macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of this three species. Method of microscopic study by embedding paraffin technique. The observed of macroscopic characters are branching types, leaf shape, color of leaf margin, leaf apex type, color & shape of petal, amount of male petal, color & structure of ripe fruit, color of seed. The results of this study showed the specific characteristics of every species. Keywords: characterization, macroscopic, microscopic, P. amarus, P. debilis, P. urinaria.Anshary Maruzy, Dewi Athikah Fatkhul Jannah, Ari Pitoyo, Dyah Subositi. 2020. Studi Perbandingan Karakter Makroskopis dan Mikroskopis Tiga Jenis Phyllanthus L. Floribunda 6(4): 154–166. — Beberapa anggota genus Phyllanthus banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku obat. Tiga spesies Phyllanthus yaitu P. amarus Schumach. & Thonn., P. urinaria L., dan P. debilis Klein ex Willd. memiliki morfologi yang hampir sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan karakter makroskopis dan mikroskopis dari ketiga spesies tersebut. Penelitian mikroskopis menggunakan metode embedding paraffin. Karakter makroskopis yang diamati adalah tipe percabangan, bentuk daun, warna tepi daun, tipe ujung daun, warna & bentuk mahkota bunga, jumlah mahkota bunga jantan, warna & struktur buah masak, warna biji. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan karakteristik spesifik setiap spesies.
On the blog content quality in the context of legal culture formation
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. YeltsinUral Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Tomyuk Olga N. , Golysheva Milana V. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Dudchik Andrei Yu. ,   Belarusian State University, Dyachkova Margarita A. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University, Egorov Vladimir K. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration of the Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The relevance of the study is caused by the development of digital technologies, their increasingly active influence on all aspects of society and human life and, consequently, the need of forming the individual’s legal culture using the media sphere’s resources. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main characteristics and quality of legal Instagram blog content as one of the dynamically developing applications with a multi-million audience of users. Materials and research methods. The research methodology consists of an integrative approach. Information and target analysis of texts and discourse analysis were used to interpret blog content in the context of specific cultural and historical factors. The results of the study and the discussion. The Top Instagram bloggers was compiled using the hashtag #lawyer, blog content studied. Based on the development of quality content criteria – relevance, social significance, completeness, accessibility, practice orientation, personalization, infoesthetics, multi-factor, literacy, and subscriber response-were developed, according to which the analysis of legal content was carried out. The study identified the content of bloggers who position themselves on Instagram as legal experts, analyzed the content of bloggers with more than ten thousand subscribers based on the developed quality criteria. It is identified that high-quality content causes an adequate reaction of users, contains a knowledge component endowed with legal content and aimed at improving the legal culture of the individual. Conclusions. Despite the fact that Instagram, like other apps, has more entertainment content, however, users feel the need for knowledges that will let them to constructively solve situation in the legal sphere. It was revealed that high-quality content as socially significant knowledge has an adequate response of Instagram users. This contributes to the development of the individual’s legal culture in the context of socio-cultural transformations, when a modern person increasingly has to solve non-standard objectives in a dynamically developing environment, including changes in the legal framework in various fields of activity.
Features of Risk Management and Organization of Internal Audit at Industrial Enterprises
Authors:   Heraeus Holding GmbH, Gavrys P. O. , Gavrys M. O. ,   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Gavrys O. M. ,   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute»
Published: November 2020

This article is aimed at studying the problem of risk management at industrial corporations. It examines the nature of risk and its impact on the way the modern corporations operate. The main types of risks are analyzed on the example of their classification, developed and applied by the leading German insurance company Allianz. It among them are 10 main types of risks, including risks associated with IT systems in enterprises (in particular, cyber-crimes, failures of IT systems, leakage and loss of data), production and supply chain risks, risks of changes in legislation and regulatory policy (in particular, duties, trade wars, sanctions, protectionism), force majeure and natural disasters, changes in markets (increased competition, new competitors, fluctuations, stagnation and fall of markets), fires and explosions, climate changes, reputational risks, risks of new technologies and macroeconomic factors such as monetary policy, government austerity programs, inflation, changes in resource prices, etc. The examples of occurrence of such risks in real enterprises are given. The role and the importance of risk management at industrial corporations is determined. The model of three "lines of defense" in risk management of industrial enterprises is described, where the "first line" includes operational management and internal control mechanisms, the "second line" – the services of enterprises, responsible for management and control of risks on the ground, in particular, financial control, security service, services of quality control, compliance with standards and others, and the "third line" is internal audit. The practical aspects of its application are defined. The role and function of internal audit in risk management of companies is determined. The differences in scope and goals of internal audit as compared to other corporate compliance and governance functions are highlighted.
Development of Agribusiness in Ukraine: Analysis, Evaluation and Audit
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Nazarova K. O. , Hordopolov V. Y. ,   Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Kuliasha N. Y. ,   Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Kuliasha O. Y. ,   Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Published: November 2020

The article explores the tendencies in the development of the agrarian market of Ukraine. The place of evaluation, analysis and audit of agribusiness, in particular large agriholdings, in ensuring the trust of users of information to their activities is determined. Significance of the agrarian sector for the national economy is proved through the consideration of its share and its dynamics in GDP generation. The average sectoral performance indicators of agribusiness activity in Ukraine in 2017-2019 were analyzed and evaluated. The significance of the negative impact of quarantine restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the agrarian market of Ukraine is determined. In addition, other factors hindering the development of the agrarian market in Ukraine during 2015-2020 are examined. The balance of key indicators in the market that is kept between the values of national production, domestic consumption, export and import of agrarian products is researched and the export direction of development of the Ukrainian agrarian market is proved. It is emphasized that there is no shortage of agrarian products on the national market. The article contains a list of the largest farmers in Ukraine in terms of annual income, land bank size and employment activity of the population. In addition, the research determines the high level of investment attractiveness of the agrarian market of Ukraine, and therefore proves the need to conduct an audit of agribusiness to ensure a high level of trust of foreign investors to the actors of the agrarian market. Conclusions have been drawn about the effectiveness of this activity and a prediction for the future is made.