bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear response of tropical lower-stratospheric temperature and water vapor to ENSO
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim I. , Gordon Amit , Oman Luke D. , Li Feng , Davis Sean , Pawson Steven
Published: April 2018

Abstract. A series of simulations using the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System
Chemistry–Climate Model are analyzed in order to aid in the
interpretation of observed interannual and sub-decadal variability in the
tropical lower stratosphere over the past 35 years. The impact of El
Niño–Southern Oscillation on temperature and water vapor in this region
is nonlinear in boreal spring. While moderate El Niño events lead to
cooling in this region, strong El Niño events lead to warming, even as
the response of the large-scale Brewer–Dobson circulation appears to scale
nearly linearly with El Niño. This nonlinearity is shown to arise from
the response in the Indo-West Pacific to El Niño: strong El Niño
events lead to tropospheric warming extending into the tropical tropopause
layer and up to the cold point in this region, where it allows for more water
vapor to enter the stratosphere. The net effect is that both strong La
Niña and strong El Niño events lead to enhanced entry water vapor and
stratospheric moistening in boreal spring and early summer. These results
lead to the following interpretation of the contribution of sea surface
temperatures to the decline in water vapor in the early
2000s: the very strong El Niño event in 1997/1998, followed by more than
2 consecutive years of La Niña, led to enhanced lower-stratospheric
water vapor. As this period ended in early 2001, entry water vapor
concentrations declined. This effect accounts for approximately one-quarter
of the observed drop.
Cloud vertical structure over a tropical station obtained using long-term
high resolution Radiosonde measurements
Authors: Narendra Reddy Nelli , Venkat Ratnam Madineni , Basha Ghouse , Ravikiran Varaha
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Cloud vertical structure, including top and base altitudes, thickness of cloud layers, and the vertical distribution of multi-layer clouds affects the large-scale atmosphere circulation by altering gradients in the total diabatic heating/cooling and latent heat release. In this study, long-term (11 years) observations of high vertical resolution radiosondes are used to obtain the cloud vertical structure over a tropical station, Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), India. The detected cloud layers are verified with independent observations using cloud particle sensor (CPS) sonde launched from the same station. High-level clouds account for 69.05 %, 58.49 %, 55.5 %, and 58.6 % of all clouds during pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons, respectively. The average cloud base (cloud top) altitude for low-level, middle-level, high-level and deep convective clouds are 1.74 km (3.16 km), 3.59 km (5.55 km), 8.79 km (10.49 km), and 1.22 km (11.45 km), respectively. Single-layer, two-layer, and three-layer clouds account for 40.80 %, 30.71 %, and 19.68 % of all cloud configurations, respectively. Multi-layer clouds occurred more frequently during the monsoon with 34.58 %. Maximum cloud top altitude and the cloud thickness occurred during monsoon season for single-layer clouds and the uppermost layer of multiple layer cloud configurations. In multi-layer cloud configurations, diurnal variations in the thickness of upper layer clouds are larger than those of lower layer clouds. Heating/cooling in the troposphere and lower stratosphere due to these clouds layers is also investigated and found peak cooling (peak warming) below (above) the Cold Point Tropopause (CPT) altitude. The magnitude of cooling (warming) increases from single-layer to four or more-layer cloud occurrence. Further, the vertical structure of clouds is also studied with respect to the arrival date of Indian summer monsoon over Gadanki.
Measurement of formic acid, acetic acid and hydroxyacetaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and methyl peroxide in air by chemical ionization mass spectrometry: airborne method development
Authors: Treadaway Victoria , Heikes Brian G. , McNeill Ashley S. , Silwal Indira K. C. , O'Sullivan Daniel W.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. A chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) method utilizing a reagent gas mixture of O2, CO2, and CH3I in N2 is described and optimized for quantitative gas-phase measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methyl peroxide (CH3OOH), formic acid (HCOOH), and the sum of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and hydroxyacetaldehyde (HOCH2CHO; also known as glycolaldehyde). The instrumentation and methodology were designed for airborne in situ field measurements. The CIMS quantification of formic acid, acetic acid, and hydroxyacetaldehyde used I− cluster formation to produce and detect the ion clusters I−(HCOOH), I−(CH3COOH), and I−(HOCH2CHO), respectively. The CIMS also produced and detected I− clusters with hydrogen peroxide and methyl peroxide, I−(H2O2) and I−(CH3OOH), though the sensitivity was lower than with the O2− (CO2) and O2− ion clusters, respectively. For that reason, while the I− peroxide clusters are presented, the focus is on the organic acids. Acetic acid and hydroxyacetaldehyde were found to yield equivalent CIMS responses. They are exact isobaric compounds and indistinguishable in the CIMS used. Consequently, their combined signal is referred to as the acetic acid equivalent sum. Within the resolution of the quadrupole used in the CIMS (1 m∕z), ethanol and 1- and 2-propanol were potential isobaric interferences to the measurement of formic acid and the acetic acid equivalent sum, respectively. The CIMS response to ethanol was 3.3 % that of formic acid and the response to either 1- or 2-propanol was 1 % of the acetic acid response; therefore, the alcohols were not considered to be significant interferences to formic acid or the acetic acid equivalent sum. The multi-reagent ion system was successfully deployed during the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) in 2014. The combination of FRAPPÉ and laboratory calibrations allowed for the post-mission quantification of formic acid and the acetic acid equivalent sum observed during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment in 2012.
On the short-term variability of turbulence and temperature in the winter mesosphere
Authors: Lehmacher Gerald A. , Larsen Miguel F. , Collins Richard L. , Barjatya Aroh , Strelnikov Boris
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Four mesosphere-lower thermosphere temperature and turbulence profiles were obtained in situ within ~ 30 minutes and over an area of about 100 by 100 kilometers during a sounding rocket experiment conducted on January 26, 2015 at Poker Flat Research Range in Alaska. Using active payload attitude control, neutral density fluctuations, a tracer for turbulence, were observed with very little interference from the payload spin motion, and with high precision (
A perturbed biogeochemistry model ensemble evaluated against in situ and satellite observations
Authors: Anugerahanti Prima , Roy Shovonlal , Haines Keith
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The dynamics of biogeochemical models are determined by the mathematical structure used for the main biological processes. Earlier studies have shown that small changes in the model formulation may lead to major changes in system dynamics, a property known as structural sensitivity. We assessed the impact of structural sensitivity in an intermediately complex biogeochemical model (MEDUSA) by modelling the chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations at five different oceanographic stations spanning three different regimes: oligotrophic, coastal, and the abyssal plain over a 10-year timescale. A 1-D MEDUSA ensemble was used with each ensemble member having a combination of tuned function parameterizations that describe the key biogeochemical processes, namely nutrient uptake, zooplankton grazing, and plankton mortalities. The impact is quantified using phytoplankton phenology (initiation, bloom time, peak height, duration, and termination of phytoplankton blooms) and other statistical measures. The spread of the ensemble as a measure of uncertainty is assessed against observations using the Normalised RMSE Ratio (NRR). We found that even small perturbations in model structure can produce large ensemble spreads. The range of 10-year mean surface chlorophyll concentrations are between 0.14–3.69 mg m−3 at coastal stations, 0.43–1.11 mg m−3 on the abyssal plain, and 0.004–0.16 mg m−3 at the oligotrophic stations. Changing mortality and grazing functions have the largest impact on chlorophyll concentrations. The in situ measurements of bloom timings, duration, and terminations lie mostly within the ensemble range and using the ensemble properties such as the mean and median, the errors are mostly reduced compared to the default model output. The NRRs for monthly variability suggest the ensemble spread is generally narrow (NRR 1.21–1.39 for nitrogen and 1.19–1.39 for chlorophyll profiles, 1.07–1.40 for surface chlorophyll, and 1.01–1.40 for depth-integrated chlorophyll). Among the five stations, the most reliable ensemble are obtained for the oligotrophic station at ALOHA (for the surface and integrated chlorophyll 10-year time series and bloom peak height), coastal station L4 (for inter-annual mean), and abyssal plain station PAP (for bloom peak height). Overall our studies provided a novel way to generate ensemble spread by perturbing the model structure/parameterizations, and reliable ensemble means and spreads may be generated.
A consistent glacier inventory for the Karakoram and Pamir regions derived from Landsat data: distribution of debris cover and mapping challenges
Authors: Mölg Nico , Bolch Tobias , Rastner Philipp , Strozzi Tazio , Paul Frank
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The knowledge about the coverage and characteristics of glaciers in High Mountain Asia is still incomplete and heterogeneous. However, several applications such as modelling of past or future glacier development, runoff or glacier volume, rely on the existence and accessibility of complete datasets. In particular, precise outlines of glacier extent are required to spatially constrain glacier-specific calculations such as length, area and volume changes or flow velocities. As a contribution to the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) and the GLIMS glacier database, we have produced a homogeneous inventory of the Pamir and the Karakoram mountain ranges using 28 Landsat TM and ETM+ scenes acquired around the year 2000. We applied a standardized way of automated digital glacier mapping and manual correction using coherence images from ALOS-1 PALSAR-1 as an additional source of information, separated the glacier complexes into individual glaciers using drainage divides derived by watershed analysis from the ASTER GDEM2, and separately delineated all debris-covered areas. Assessment of uncertainties was performed for debris-covered and clean-ice glacier parts using the buffer method and independent multiple digitizing of three glaciers representing key challenges such as shadows and debris cover. Indeed, along with seasonal snow at high elevations, shadow and debris cover represent the largest uncertainties in our final dataset. In total, we mapped more than 27'400 glaciers >0.02 km2 covering an area of 35'287 ± 1209 km2 and an elevation range from 2260 m to 8600 m with regional median glacier elevations varying from 4150 m (Pamir Alai) to almost 5400 m (Karakoram); this being largely due to differences in temperature and precipitation. The coverage of glaciers by debris is on average ~5 %, but glaciers >5 km2 have often a much higher area share (>10 %), making it an important factor to be considered in subsequent applications. Location of dataset: http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~nmoelg/glacier_inventory.zip
Calibration of tri-axial MEMS accelerometers in the low-frequency range – Part 1: comparison among methods
Authors: D'Emilia Giulio , Gaspari Antonella , Mazzoleni Fabrizio , Natale Emanuela , Schiavi Alessandro
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Two alternative experimental procedures for the calibration of tri-axial accelerometers have been compared with traditional methods, performed according the procedures stated in the standard ISO 16063-21. Standard calibration is carried out by comparison with a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), used as a primary reference transducer. The main sensitivities have been investigated and, where applicable, also transverse ones. Many aspects have been evaluated: the hypotheses about transverse sensitivities, the simplicity of the procedure, the number of measurements needed, and the effect of typology of transducer, depending on electrical and geometrical contributions. Two different accelerometers have been tested, a piezo-electric accelerometer and a capacitive MEMS accelerometer. A low-frequency range of vibration has been investigated, 3 and 6 Hz, with amplitude of acceleration ranging from 2 to 20 ms−2. A satisfactory reproducibility of methods has been verified, with percentage differences less than 2.5 %. Anyway, pros and cons of each method are also discussed with reference to their possible use for easy and quick calibration of low-cost tri-axial accelerometers.
A high resolution lithospheric magnetic field model over southern Africa based on a joint inversion of CHAMP, Swarm, WDMAM and ground magnetic field data
Authors: Vervelidou Foteini , Thébault Erwan , Korte Monika
Published: April 2018

Abstract. We derive a lithospheric magnetic field model up to equivalent Spherical Harmonic degree 1000 over southern Africa. We rely on a joint inversion of satellite, near-surface and ground magnetic field data. The input data set consists of magnetic field vector measurements from the CHAMP satellite, across-track magnetic field differences from the Swarm mission, the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map and magnetic field measurements from repeat stations and three local INTERMAGNET observatories. For the inversion scheme, we use the Revised-Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis (R-SCHA), a regional analysis technique able to deal with magnetic field measurements obtained at different altitudes. The model is carefully assessed and displayed at different altitudes and its spectral content is compared to high resolution global lithospheric field models. By comparing the shape of its spectrum to a statistical power spectrum of Earth's lithospheric magnetic field, we infer the mean magnetic thickness and the mean magnetization over southern Africa.
A qualitative analysis of the information science needs of public health researchers in an academic setting
Authors: Hunt Shanda L. , Bakker Caitlin J.
Published: April 2018

Objectives: The University of Minnesota (UMN) Health Sciences Libraries conducted a needs assessment of public health researchers as part of a multi-institutional study led by Ithaka S+R. The aims of the study were to capture the evolving needs, opportunities, and challenges of public health researchers in the current environment and provide actionable recommendations. This paper reports on the data collected at the UMN site.Methods: Participants (n=24) were recruited through convenience sampling. One-on-one interviews, held November 2016 to January 2017, were audio-recorded. Qualitative analyses were conducted using NVivo 11 Pro and were based on the principles of grounded theory.Results: The data revealed that a broad range of skill levels among participants (e.g., literature searching) and areas of misunderstanding (e.g., current publishing landscape, open access options). Overall, data management was an afterthought. Few participants were fully aware of the breadth of librarian knowledge and skill sets, although many did express a desire for further skill development in information science.Conclusions: Libraries can engage more public health researchers by utilizing targeted and individualized marketing regarding services. We can promote open science by educating researchers on publication realities and enhancing our data visualization skills. Libraries might take an institution-wide leadership role on matters of data management and data policy compliance. Finally, as team science emerges as a research priority, we can offer our networking expertise. These support services may reduce the stresses that public health researchers feel in the current research environment.
It takes longer than you think: librarian time spent on systematic review tasks
Authors: Bullers Krystal , Howard Allison M. , Hanson Ardis , Kearns William D. , Orriola John J. , Polo Randall L. , Sakmar Kristen A.
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The authors examined the time that medical librarians spent on specific tasks for systematic reviews (SRs): interview process, search strategy development, search strategy translation, documentation, deliverables, search methodology writing, and instruction. We also investigated relationships among the time spent on SR tasks, years of experience, and number of completed SRs to gain a better understanding of the time spent on SR tasks from time, staffing, and project management perspectives.Methods: A confidential survey and study description were sent to medical library directors who were members of the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries as well as librarians serving members of the Association of American Medical Colleges or American Osteopathic Association.Results: Of the 185 participants, 143 (77%) had worked on an SR within the last 5 years. The number of SRs conducted by participants during their careers ranged from 1 to 500, with a median of 5. The major component of time spent was on search strategy development and translation. Average aggregated time for standard tasks was 26.9 hours, with a median of 18.5 hours. Task time was unrelated to the number of SRs but was positively correlated with years of SR experience.Conclusion: The time required to conduct the librarian’s discrete tasks in an SR varies substantially, and there are no standard time frames. Librarians with more SR experience spent more time on instruction and interviews; time spent on all other tasks varied widely. Librarians also can expect to spend a significant amount of their time on search strategy development, translation, and writing. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
The hidden benefits of helping students with systematic reviews
Authors: Hanneke Rosie
Published: April 2018

Helping students with systematic reviews goes against the instinct of many librarians, who see it as their duty to talk researchers out of these projects rather than to assist them. My perspective on helping students with systematic reviews changed after meeting with one student a few years ago. However, the question of whether the finished product will be publication worthy or entirely free of error is secondary, in my view, to other potential benefits to the student in completing the assignment.
MEDIÇÃO DE ENERGIA NO ENSAIO SPT EM SOLO TROPICAL DO CAMPO EXPERIMENTAL DA EECA/UFG - GOIÂNIA
Authors: Machado Romulo Rodrigues , Jardim Humberto Carlos de Oliveira , Jorge Pedro Augusto Machado , Angelim Renato Resende , Guimarães Renato Cabral
Published: April 2018

O Standard Penetration Test (SPT), ensaio de campo mais utilizado no Brasil, embora normalizado, pode apresentar grande variação de resultados devido aos diferentes procedimentos e equipamentos utilizados. A medição da energia transmitida às hastes durante a realização do ensaio surge como alternativa de agregar valor ao ensaio possibilitando a melhor comparação entre resultados de ensaios realizados por equipes e equipamentos diferentes. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de comparar medições de energia do ensaio SPT realizadas no solo tropical do campo experimental da Escola de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental da Universidade Federal de Goiás em Goiânia, para difundir esta técnica, formar um banco de dados e demonstrar os benefícios de sua utilização. Para se realizar a análise teórico-experimental foram utilizados acelerômetros e medidores de deformação em haste instrumentada, por meio do aparelho SPT Analyzer, que permitiu o monitoramento em tempo real de cada golpe do martelo e posterior transferência de dados para software de análise computacional. A principal contribuição do trabalho foi validar a importância de se utilizar o correto intervalo de integração para análise dos dados e que a energia transmitida ao topo da composição de hastes independeu do comprimento destas e da resistência do solo para as condições deste estudo. Além destas avaliações esse trabalho contribui também para construção de banco de dados de SPT com medição de energia para equipes e equipamentos locais.
Unlikely Captivities: The Narrative of Development in Jenna Miscavige Hill's Ex-Scientology Escape Narrative
Authors: Bailey Hannah Anneliese
Published: April 2018

This article analyzes ex-Scientologist Jenna Miscavige Hill's 2013 memoir in terms of the genre of “Scientology escape narrative.” It argues that this memoir adheres to what Grace Hong calls the “narrative of development,” which shows how a white protagonist can overcome social expectations to realize the power of individuality, allowing them to become a fully self-possessed white liberal subject. Using Hong, critical race theory, and critical prison studies, this article demonstrates how this memoir shows “whiteness as property” in that a subject previously deemed abnormal via affiliation with Scientology is ultimately more legible to the U.S. state than individuals of color.
Commentary: Norms, Narratives, and Politics
Authors: Hunt Luke William
Published: April 2018

This article considers how legal and philosophical ideals relate to contemporary politics. While political commentary is often concerned with descriptive analysis of public affairs, this article pursues normative analysis of emerging trends in public life. The article's underlying theme is that “liberal” states—such as the United States—from time to time become illiberal by departing from the basic legal and philosophical norms of that tradition. Although it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions while in the moment, the tentative conclusion is that we are in the midst of a departure from liberal norms. The article takes a discursive approach—drawing upon Appalachian culture, popular culture, and personal narrative—to highlight the altered trajectory from those norms.
Efeitos do ensino via CRMTS sobre leitura e construção de sentenças para crianças com autismo
Authors: Da Paixão Glenda Miranda , Assis Grauben José Alves de
Published: April 2018

Crianças com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) apresentam dificuldades na aprendizagem de leitura, fazendo-se necessário avaliar e elaborar procedimentos de ensino de repertórios de leitura para essa população. Além disso, existem poucos dados apresentados acerca do repertório de escrita. Este estudo objetivou verificar os efeitos de um treino via Constructed Response Matching to Sample — CRMTS no desenvolvimento das leituras textual e com compreensão, e da construção de sentenças, a partir de um procedimento informatizado, dividido em três estudos. Como resultado, três crianças demonstraram leitura textual e com compreensão de palavras. Duas crianças demonstraram leitura textual, compreensão e construção generalizada de sentenças de três e cinco termos. Uma criança demonstrou leitura textual, compreensão e construção generalizada de sentenças com dois termos. Houve formação de classes de equivalência e de classes ordinais. As estratégias combinadas de graduação da dificuldade da tarefa, reforçamento imediato e fornecimento de dicas, somadas ao estabelecimento do controle pelas sílabas, contribuíram para que os participantes aprendessem a ler e construir palavras e sentenças.Palavras-chave: constructed response matching to sample; autismo; sentença; leitura.
A Comparison Between the Effect of Three Types of Low-Calorie Diets on Controlling Blood Glucose and Lipids in People with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Moazezi Zoleika , Hosseini Seyed Reza , Kaboudi Parvin Sajadi , Esbakian Bahareh , Rahmani Sahar , Ebrahimpour Soheil
Published: April 2018

The blood glucose level of people with diabetes can be normalized through an appropriate diet, physical activity, the use of chemical drugs and medicinal plants. This study aims to investigate the effects of low-calorie diets (1200, 1500, and 1800 kcal) on glucose and serum lipids in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients. This clinical trial was conducted among 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The criteria for entering the study were fasting blood glucose higher than 130 mg/dl, hemoglobin A1C higher than 7% and BMI higher than 25. Blood glucose, fasting blood glucose and lipid levels were measured before and after intervention two hours after each meal. Patients were trained by an expert. Then, the questionnaires were completed and analyzed. In this study, the mean fasting blood glucose level in patients who used 1500 and 1200 kcal diet decreased significantly after intervention (p<0.05). Glucose decreased significantly after two hours using a 1500  kcal diet (p<0.009). In addition, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in patients who used the 1500 kcal diet (p<0.05). Although, there was no significant difference in blood glucose levels between 1200, 1500 and 1800 kcal diets based on gender, residencency and BMI. Regarding the fact that there was no significant difference in reducing blood glucose and serum lipids between 1200 and 1500 kcal diets. It is recommended to use a 1500 kcal diet instead of 1200 kcal diet, which imposes fewer limitations and is easier to tolerate.
O uso do Miniex como ferramenta de feedback continuado para residente de medicina de família e comunidade em estágio na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Mendes Artur Oliveira , Viveiros Luara Brandão
Published: April 2018

Introdução: A consulta é central no trabalho do médico de família e comunidade. A avaliação da performance do residente e discussões acerca da adequada condução deve ser estimulada. Objetivo: Discutir sobre o uso do Miniex para avaliação sequenciada de performance do residente durante consultas. Métodos: Explanação sobre as discussões teóricas acerca do desenvolvimento de consulta médica seguidas de aplicação do Miniex com avaliação focada nas competências esperadas do médico de família e comunidade. Discussão: Manuais de programas de residências e associações relacionadas têm por vezes citado o Miniex como possibilidade de avaliação do residente, mas não orientam seu uso sistematizado, o que poderia deixar pouco eficiente e descolada sua aplicação. Ademais, pouca discussão existe sobre a interpretação dos componentes do método e o modelo esperado de consulta ideal nas diferentes especialidades. Conclusão: O Miniex é potente instrumento de mudança, mas seu uso deve apontar para um modelo profissional e ser estimulado ao longo de todo o programa de residência.
The Validation of the RIDA®QUICK Gliadin for AOAC Research Institute
Authors: Lacorn Markus , Weiss Thomas , Klass Nicole , Bird Patrick , Benzinger M Joseph , Agin James , Goins David
Published: April 2018

RIDA®QUICK Gliadin is an immuno-chromatographic test for the detection of gluten in foods, on surfaces, and in Cleaning-in-Place (CIP) waters. This test kit has been adopted as Final Action AOAC INTERNATIONAL Official Methods of AnalysisSM2015.16 for gluten in corn products. The assay is based on the monoclonal antibody R5, which recognizes gluten in wheat, barley, and rye. Four different surfaces were contaminated with a gliadin material and analyzed by a direct swabbing of the surface with the dip-stick. The outcome was an LOD95% concentration of the assay between 1.6 and 3.0 μg/100 cm2 gluten. For CIP waters that contain cleansing reagents, 100% positive results were obtained for minimum gluten concentration between 50 and 100 ng/mL. If the CIP water does not contain these reagents, the minimum detectable gluten level is 10 ng/mL. The independent validation study consisted of a method comparison study of recovery from a CIP solution and from a stainless-steel surface. The test kit was evaluated at six different concentration levels for both matrices, with 20 or 30 replicates per concentration level. The probability of detection was calculated for each contamination level. Additionally, the LOD95% concentration was estimated for each matrix analyzed.
Validation of Workflow Changes, Phage Concentration and Reformatted Detection Threshold for the Sample6 DETECT/L™ Test: Level 3 Modification
Authors: Banerjee Kakolie , Pierson Brittney , Carrier Elijah , Malsick Lauren , Hu Chuxuan , Daudenarde Sophie , Brownell Daniel , Koeris Michael , Crowley Erin , Bird Patrick , Benzinger M Joseph , Flannery Jonathan , Mastalerz Allison , Agin James , Goins David , Salfinger Yvonne , Brodsky Michael , Ziemer Wayne
Published: April 2018

The AOAC Research Institute Performance Tested MethodsSM Program certified Sample6 DETECT/L™ in April 2014 (Certification No. 041401) for the detection of Listeria species (L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. seeligeri, L. marthii, L. welshimeri) on stainless steel environmental surfaces. A modification was approved in January 2016, increasing the concentration of sanitizer-neutralizing reagents in detection reagents, increasing the number of phage in the detection solution, and increasing the sample test volume. Moreover, changes to reduce the number of negative controls and add compatibility with polyurethane sponges were also approved. In this modification, to ensure that DETECT/L continues to meet performance expectations, Sample6 evaluated workflow changes to enhance sensitivity and the ease-of-use of the assay. Changes to the phage concentration and detection threshold, plus the inclusion of a confirmation step (DETECT Check), were validated to obtain better accuracy and optimize assay performance. Inclusivity, exclusivity, and robustness testing were conducted by Sample6 to evaluate the changes. A third-party laboratory compared the DETECT/L assay and the U.S. Department of Agriculture reference method in a stainless steel environmental surface matrix study. The data presented in this report demonstrate that the changes proposed to the DETECT/L assay meet or exceed the performance in the current configuration.
Perfil antropométrico e composição corporal de jovens futebolistas de nível regional
Authors: Menegassi Vanessa Menezes , Borges Paulo Henrique , Rinaldi Wilson , Rechenchosky Leandro
Published: April 2018

O estudo objetivou avaliar o perfil antropométrico e a composição corporal de jovens futebolistas de nível regional. A amostra foi composta por 55 jogadores das categorias sub 13, sub 15 e sub 17 classificados também por posição de jogo. Para comparação foram adotados os testes ANOVA One-Way e post-hoc de Bonferroni. A categoria sub 17 apresentou maiores valores (p<0,05) nas variáveis relacionadas ao crescimento e desenvolvimento físico. O percentual de gordura corporal permaneceu estável entre as categorias e posições. A homogeneidade verificada sugere que a manutenção destes índices é resultante dos similares níveis de esforço exigidos na modalidade.
O esporte e a escola: uma revisão sobre as possibilidades de implementação pedagógica
Authors: Lúcio Géssica Adriana de Carvalho , Grunennvaldt José Tarcísio , Rabelo Viviani Darolt , Moreira Evando Carlos , Assis Verônica Ramos de
Published: April 2018

Objetivou-se refletir sobre o esporte desde a sua introdução e visibilidade, atribuídas por Azevedo em 1916, seus usos e discussões na escola como conteúdo das aulas de Educação Física. Apresentamos uma análise sobre: esporte e as críticas inaugurais; Educação Física e esporte na escola; Educação Física e esporte: abordagens críticas. Os professores de Educação Física devem transformar  o esporte em objeto de ensino, mesmo sendo conteúdo dominante das aulas. Deve ser discutido conscientemente, orientado por um projeto pedagógico articulado aos saberes escolares. A Educação Física enquanto fator essencial à educação deve assumir o seu papel como parte integrante da educação.
Perspectivas das crianças a respeito da transição da educação infantil para o ensino fundamental: olhares sobre a educação física
Authors: Rastelli Giovana , Siqueira Fanny Cacilie Gauna de , Bassani Jaison José
Published: April 2018

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a transição entre a Educação Infantil e o Ensino Fundamental a partir do olhar das crianças em relação às aulas de Educação Física. Participaram da pesquisa seis crianças do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública de Florianópolis (SC), quatro meninas e dois meninos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e como instrumento de coleta, utilizou-se um roteiro semiestruturado de entrevista coletiva. A especificidade das etapas da educação básica tornou-se ainda mais evidente com os discursos das crianças.
Computational Facilities and Web-Resources: Case Study of Large Private University with Fast-Growing Clients
Authors: Das Srikanta Charana , Subudhi Rabi N. , Patra Arun Kumar
Published: April 2018

Speed, space and judicious sharing web-related resources are the key indicators of successful management of the computing-facilities and other web-resources of any progressive organisation. Such a case becomes much more demanding for any professional academic institution, where the majority stake-holders, that is the young student-users of web-resources, are heavily dependent on web-based learning and personal communications. Other stake holders, like administrative staff, teaching and research community of universities have web-dependence, mostly for known resources. Fast growing dependence of different categories of stake-holders of such large institutes warrants a case-study research, so as to study the present pattern of uses of web-resources, including the timing and pockets of users, and then to have a sustainable strategic planning for a better resource-management of web-resources for future.
The present paper is a case study of a leading private university of Odisha (in India) with over 65,000 users of â€˜university web-network' and over 7500 fixed-systems, which analyses users' time-series data of last quarter and suggests a futuristic model for optimal and effective use of - ˜Institute Web-Resources and computing facilities'.
It studies both fixed-line load and load-management of wireless (Wi Fi) connections, across the 25 campuses of the Institute, scattered and geographically located within 15 sq. km.
De l’ empowerment à l’engagement : aidons les donneurs d’organes silencieux à parler à leurs proches
Authors: Chouk Inès , Zouaghi Sondes
Published: April 2018

Avoir une carte de donneur d’organes n’est pas suffisant pour s’assurer que la volonté du défunt sera respectée, car le corps médical répugne à contrer l’avis des proches. Il est donc important que les porteurs de cartes expriment à leurs proches leur volonté de dons d’organes (DO) pour permettre de sauver plus de patients qui sont en attente de greffe. Cette recherche propose, à partir de la théorie de l’ empowerment , de montrer le rôle positif de la compétence , de la confiance en soi et de la force de la conviction dans le choix des donneurs de parler à leurs proches de leur décision, ainsi que de l’impact qu’a cette discussion sur la confiance qu’ils ont que leur volonté sera respectée . Les résultats montrent également la force du tabou de la mort pour empêcher la discussion. C’est ainsi qu’une procédure de pied-dans-la-porte utilisant le don du sang comme acte préparatoire, ainsi que la conception d’une nouvelle carte de donneur sont proposées pour amener à discuter avec les proches. D’autres propositions sont également faites pour diminuer le nombre de personnes qui adhèrent au tabou de la mort. Des actions de communications adaptées sont également proposées.
Whose Artifacts? Whose Stories? Public History and Representation of Women at the Canada Science and Technology Museum
Authors: Adamek Anna , Gann Emily
Published: April 2018

Whose Artifacts? Whose Stories? explores uses of public history to tell stories of women’s relationship with science and technology at the Canada Science and Technology Museum, one of Canada’s national museum. The article examines how stories of women, which have been long overlooked by curators who in the past considered technological artifacts through the lenses of type collecting and history of science and technologies methodologies, are now being framed in the context of public history and hence are coming to the forefront of museum collecting and interpretation.
Variation in the diversity and richness of parasitoid wasps based on sampling effort
Authors: Saunders Thomas E. , Ward Darren F.
Published: April 2018

Parasitoid wasps are a mega-diverse, ecologically dominant, but poorly studied component of global biodiversity. In order to maximise the efficiency and reduce the cost of their collection, the application of optimal sampling techniques is necessary. Two sites in Auckland, New Zealand were sampled intensively to determine the relationship between sampling effort and observed species richness of parasitoid wasps from the family Ichneumonidae. Twenty traps were deployed at each site at three different times over the austral summer period, resulting in a total sampling effort of 840 Malaise-trap-days. Rarefaction techniques and non-parametric estimators were used to predict species richness and to evaluate the variation and completeness of sampling. Despite an intensive Malaise-trapping regime over the summer period, no asymptote of species richness was reached. At best, sampling captured two-thirds of parasitoid wasp species present. The estimated total number of species present depended on the month of sampling and the statistical estimator used. Consequently, the use of fewer traps would have caught only a small proportion of all species (one trap 7–21%; two traps 13–32%), and many traps contributed little to the overall number of individuals caught. However, variation in the catch of individual Malaise traps was not explained by seasonal turnover of species, vegetation or environmental conditions surrounding the trap, or distance of traps to one another. Overall the results demonstrate that even with an intense sampling effort the community is incompletely sampled. The use of only a few traps and/or for very short periods severely limits the estimates of richness because (i) fewer individuals are caught leading to a greater number of singletons; and (ii) the considerable variation of individual traps means some traps will contribute few or no individuals. Understanding how sampling effort affects the richness and diversity of parasitoid wasps is a useful foundation for future studies.
Flame And Smoke Retardants: Inorganic
Authors: Weil (retired) Edward D. , Shen Kelvin K.
Published: April 2018

This article encompasses flame retardants and smoke suppressants that are active by themselves as well as the antimony oxide synergists typically used in combination with halogen flame retardants.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Authors: Idris Zainab‐L , Su Yean Ong , Kumar Sudesh
Published: April 2018

Plastic waste accumulation in the environment has become a global issue. The search for alternative materials motivated the research on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a biopolymer having properties similar to polypropylene. PHAs are biodegradable, biocompatible, and environment‐friendly thermoplastics, and therefore, a potential substitute for some nonbiodegradable commodity plastics. The favorable plastic‐like properties of PHA give rise to applications in various areas. PHAs are expensive compared to conventional plastics, but improved PHA biosynthesis has reduced the cost significantly. Current research is focused on utilization of low cost substrates, development of simple and cost‐effective extraction methods, and use of mixed microbial cultures and recombinant microbial strains in order to achieve economically feasible production of PHAs.This article provides background on PHAs, their properties, and biosynthesis. Large‐scale production, commercialization, application, and sustainability considerations are presented and discussed. Interesting features of PHAs and their role from an industrial ecology perspective are highlighted.
Flavors
Authors: Deibler Kathryn
Published: April 2018

Flavor chemistry research introduces aspects unique to this field of chemistry requiring interdisciplinary collaborations. Human perception integrated with chemical analysis is critical for flavor analyses. The precision of sensory analyses limits the precision of the overall evaluation, despite the highly precise techniques available to the chemist. Flavor may primarily be broken into taste and olfaction. Aroma chemicals exhibit three key characteristics: volatile, odor active, and present at a concentration above its detection threshold. Taste components impart perception at much higher concentrations than aroma components. This article covers parameters to consider in designing and understanding flavor chemistry investigations, including a brief discussion of flavor neurology, physiology, chemical characteristics, and modality interactions.
Metal Hydrides
Authors: Sharma Vinod Kumar , Kumar E. Anil
Published: April 2018

Hydrogen receives renewed interest as an energy carrier with zero emission. However, major challenges related to production, storage, transportation, and utilization have to be overcome before its implementation. The focus of this article is on the storage of hydrogen in solid state, particularly, as metal hydrides.

The thermodynamics of formation and decomposition of metal hydrides are presented. Next, physical characteristics, thermodynamic properties, and reaction rates, as well as heat and mass transfer characteristics and the important property of effective thermal conductivity of metal hydrides that determine its hydrogen storage capacity, are discussed. Finally, applications of metal hydrides, including refrigeration system, heat transformer, and hydrogen compressor, are reviewed.
Codon harmonization – going beyond the speed limit for protein expression
Authors: Mignon Charlotte , Mariano Natacha , Stadthagen Gustavo , Lugari Adrien , Lagoutte Priscillia , Donnat Stéphanie , Chenavas Sylvie , Perot Cyril , Sodoyer Régis , Werle Bettina
Published: April 2018

Codon usage distribution has been soundly used by nature to fine tune protein biogenesis. Alteration of themRNAstructure or sequential scheduling of codons can profoundly affect translation, thus altering protein yield, functionality, solubility, and proper folding. Building on these observations, here, we present an evaluation of different recently designed algorithms of sequence adaptation based on Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) profiling. The first algorithm globally harmonizes synonymous codons in the original sequence in full respect to the heterologous expression host codon usage. The second recodes the sequence in accordance with the native sequenceCAIprofile. Our data, generated on three model proteins, highlights the importance to consider gene recoding as a parameter itself for recombinant protein expression improvement.
The oxidoreductase p66Shc acts as tumor suppressor in BRAFV600E‐transformed cells
Authors: Furlan Tobias , Khalid Sana , Nguyen Anh‐Vu , Günther Julia , Troppmair Jakob
Published: April 2018

Metabolic reprogramming, as exemplified by the shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, is a common feature of transformed cells. In many tumors, altered metabolism is also reflected in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which contribute to proliferation and survival signaling. However, despite high ROS levels, cancer cells can be efficiently killed by further increasing ROS production. We have shown previously that both wild‐type and oncogenic CRAF and BRAF prevent excessive mitochondrial ROS production. Subsequently, it has been demonstrated that raising ROS levels in BRAFV600E‐transformed melanoma cells by inhibiting BRAF or MEK rendered them susceptible to cell death induction. To understand how oncogenic BRAF affects mitochondrial ROS production in melanoma, we studied the mitochondrial ROS‐producing oxidoreductase p66Shc, which is frequently overexpressed in tumors. Using NIH 3T3 BRAFV600E fibroblasts and the melanoma cell lines A375 and M238 carrying the same BRAF mutation, we show that under treatment with the ROS‐inducing agent phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), oncogenic BRAF renders cells refractory to p66ShcS36 phosphorylation, which is essential for p66Shc activation and mitochondrial ROS production. Consistent with this, the activation of JNK1/2, which phosphorylate S36, was blunted, while other mitogen‐activated protein kinases were not affected. Inhibition of JNK1/2 efficiently prevented ROS production, while BRAF and MEK inhibitors increased ROS levels. Vemurafenib‐resistant M238R melanoma cells were impaired in S36 phosphorylation and ROS production following PEITC treatment. Moreover, they failed to increase ROS levels after MEK/BRAF inhibition. Finally, shRNA‐mediated knockdown of p66Shc led to increased growth of BRAFV600E‐transformed NIH 3T3 cells in soft agar assay. Taken together, these data suggest that phosphorylation‐activated p66Shc functions as a tumor suppressor in melanoma cells.
Phytoplankton Increases Induced by Tropical Cyclones in the South China Sea During 1998–2015
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Yuqing
Published: April 2018

Tropical cyclones (TCs, with maximum sustained 10 m wind speed greater than 17.5 m s−1) are strong synoptic systems that form over tropical oceans and can exert important effects on the upper ocean by mixing and upwelling, and thus mixed‐layer cooling. However, hitherto, biological effects of TCs have not been systematically explored in the South China Sea (SCS) yet. In this study, we have examined 184 TCs and found 74 TCs with well‐matched satellite ocean color data (i.e., the number of valid pixels accounting for over 60% of the total pixels in the sampling area) in the SCS during 1998–2015. The ocean color data show a general post‐TC increase in surface chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) concentrations in the cold wakes of TCs, due to the injection of nutrients and/or biogenic pigments into the oligotrophic surface waters. The ratio of the post‐TC to the pre‐TC Chl‐a is significantly correlated with the sea surface temperature (SST), and TC translational speed and intensity. Results from the multiple correlation analyses in different seasons indicate that the response of phytoplankton to TCs also depends on the preexisting upper‐ocean conditions, including the mixed‐layer depth, vertical nutrients structure and light conditions. Results thus strongly suggest that the initial upper‐ocean conditions along with moving speed and intensity of TCs are key to phytoplankton increase after the passages of TCs.
The Deep Western Boundary Current in the Labrador Sea From Observations and a High‐Resolution Model
Authors: Handmann Patricia , Fischer Jürgen , Visbeck Martin , Karstensen Johannes , Biastoch Arne , Böning Claus , Patara Lavinia
Published: April 2018

Long‐term observations from a 17 year long mooring array at the exit of the Labrador Sea at 53°N are compared to the output of a high‐resolution model (VIKING20). Both are analyzed to define robust integral properties on basin and regional scale, which can be determined and evaluated equally well. While both, the observations and the model, show a narrow DWBC cyclonically engulfing the Labrador Sea, the model's boundary current system is more barotropic than in the observations and spectral analysis indicates stronger monthly to interannual transport variability. Compared to the model, the observations show a stronger density gradient, hence a stronger baroclinicity, from center to boundary. Despite this, the observed temporal evolution of the temperature in the central Labrador Sea is reproduced. The model results yield a mean export of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) (33.0 ± 5.7 Sv), which is comparable to the observed transport (31.2 ± 5.5 Sv) at 53°N. The results also include a comparable spatial pattern and March mixed layer depth in the central Labrador Sea (maximum depth ∼2,000 m). During periods containing enhanced deep convection (1990s) our analyses show increased correlation between LSW and LNADW model transport at 53°N. Our results indicate that the transport variability in LSW and LNADW at 53°N is a result of a complex modulation of wind stress and buoyancy forcing on regional and basin wide scale.