bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the braid index of a two-bridge knot
Authors: Suzuki Masaaki , Tran Anh T.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we consider two properties on the braid index of a two-bridge knot. We prove an inequality on the braid indices of two-bridge knots if there exists an epimorphism between their knot groups. Moreover, we provide the average braid index of all two-bridge knots with a given crossing number.
Region crossing change on origami and link
Authors: Oshikiri Tokio , Shimizu Ayaka , Tamura Junya
Published: June 2024

Region Select is a game originally defined on a knot projection. In this paper, Region Select on an origami crease pattern is introduced and investigated. As an application, a new unlinking number associated with region crossing change is defined and discussed.
A Statistical Model of Hazard Rate Change Caused by a Random Shock
Authors: Volf Petr
Published: June 2024

In the framework of statistical reliability analysis, we propose a model describing the change of reliability of a technical component after certain event, as for instance a shock, or the failure and maintenance. Two kinds of failure rate changes are considered, namely a shift of virtual age of analyzed component and the acceleration of its subjective time. The objective is to estimate both the baseline lifetime probability distribution and the magnitude of these changes. The estimation procedure is based on the maximum likelihood method, both parametric and nonparametric distributions of lifetime are considered. Further, a graphical method of the goodness-of-fit test is proposed. The method is then checked on artificial examples, finally a real data problem is solved.
ELABORATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF α-Fe2O3 THIN FILMS BY RADIO FREQUENCY SPUTTERING
Authors: EL AMRI RANIA , EL HAIMEUR AMINE , KHAAISSA YASSINE , EL MOUSSAOUI HASSAN , SLASSI AMINE , MAHFOUD TARIK , NOUNEH KHALID
Published: June 2024

Fe2O3 thin films were deposited on alumina substrates by using the physical vapor deposition technique “RF magnetron sputtering”. The impact of the thermal treatment on the structural, optical and morphological properties was systematically investigated. The results of the structural characterizations reveal that the elaborated thin films present a main peak whichcorresponds to the crystalline plane (104) of the hematite ([Formula: see text]-Fe2O3). Furthermore, the Raman spectra confirm the existence of the hematite phase of the iron oxide. UV-Visible spectrophotometer analysis of Fe2O3 thin films before and after annealing shows that the transmittance increases with heat treatment. Moreover, the heat treatment at 500∘C significantly improves the absorption coefficient [Formula: see text], extinction coefficient k, refractive index n, and the band gap of Fe2O3 thin films. Furthermore, a spinel polarization change was found to be responsible for the ferrobehavior of Fe2O3 thanks to the lattice crystallinity enhancement. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the magnetic properties are very sensible to any induced strain in the Fe2O3 lattices.
Stable large deviations for deterministic dynamical systems
Authors: Imbierski Jonny , Terhesiu Dalia
Published: June 2024

We obtain large deviations for a class of non-square integrable dependent random variables in the domain of attraction of an [Formula: see text]-stable law, [Formula: see text]. This class includes ergodic sums of observables in the domain of attraction of an [Formula: see text]-stable law driven by Gibbs–Markov maps.
Holonomies for foliations with extreme disintegration behavior
Authors: Cantarino Marisa , da Silva Simeão Targino , Varão Régis
Published: June 2024

Given a foliation, we say that it displays “extreme disintegration behavior” if either it has atomic disintegration or if it is leafwise absolutely continuous and its conditional measures are uniformly equivalent to the leaf volume, which we call UDB property. Both concepts are related to the decomposition of volume with respect to the foliation. We relate these behaviors to the measure-theoretical regularity of the holonomies, by proving that a foliation with atomic disintegration has holonomies taking full volume sets to zero volume sets, and we characterize the UBD property with the holonomies having uniformly bounded Jacobians. Both extreme phenomena appear in invariant foliations for dynamical systems.
A note on weak existence for singular SDEs
Authors: Galeati Lucio
Published: June 2024

Recently Krylov [N. V. Krylov, On time inhomogeneous stochastic Itô equations with drift in [Formula: see text], Ukraïn. Mat. Zh. 72 (2020) 1232–1253] established weak existence of solutions to SDEs for integrable drifts in mixed Lebesgue spaces, whose exponents satisfy the condition [Formula: see text], thus going below the celebrated Ladyzhenskaya–Prodi–Serrin condition. We present here a variant of such result, whose proof relies on an alternative technique, based on a partial Zvonkin transform; this allows for drifts with growth at infinity and/or in uniformly local Lebesgue spaces.
Construction of a multi-tissue compound–target interaction network of Qingfei Paidu decoction in COVID-19 treatment based on deep learning and transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Li Xia , Zhao Xuetong , Yu Xinjian , Zhao Jianping , Fang Xiangdong
Published: June 2024

The Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPDD) is a widely acclaimed therapeutic formula employed nationwide for the clinical management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). QFPDD exerts a synergistic therapeutic effect, characterized by its multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway action. However, the intricate interactions among the ingredients and targets within QFPDD and their systematic effects in multiple tissues remain undetermined. To address this, we qualitatively characterized the chemical components of QFPDD. We integrated multi-tissue transcriptomic analysis with GraphDTA, a deep learning model, to screen for potential compound–target interactions of QFPDD in multiple tissues. We predicted 13 key active compounds, 127 potential targets and 27 pathways associated with QFPDD across six different tissues. Notably, oleanolic acid-AXL exhibited leading affinity in the heart, blood, and liver. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation confirmed their strong binding affinity. The robust interaction between oleanolic acid and the AXL receptor suggests that AXL is a promising target for developing clinical intervention strategies. Through the construction of a multi-tissue compound–target interaction network, our study further elucidated the mechanisms through which QFPDD effectively combats COVID-19 in multiple tissues. Our work also establishes a framework for future investigations into the systemic effects of other Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulas in disease treatment.
Impacts of Stefan Blowing on Thermophoretic Particle Deposition in Sisko Nanofluid Flow Over a Riga Plate with Soret and Dufour Effects
Authors: Abbas Munawar , Khan Nargis , Hashmi M. S. , Rezapour Shahram , Ullah Hameed , Inc Mustafa
Published: June 2024

The proposed framework considers the thermosolutal Marangoni convective flow of Sisko [Formula: see text] nanofluid over a Riga surface with the effects of Stefan blowing and thermophoretic particle deposition. The phenomena of mass and heat are discussed in relation to Soret and Dufour impacts. Electrodes and magnets are arranged on a plate to make up the Riga plate. Since the fluid conducts electricity, the Lorentz force upsurges exponentially in the vertical direction. There are numerous possible uses for this study in different disciplines. The design and production of thin films, coatings, and nanostructured materials can be enhanced by knowledge of how nanoparticles settle onto surfaces under various fluid flow conditions. By optimizing fluid flow and particle deposition processes, engineering insights from this work can guide the development of more efficient heat transfer systems, such as heat exchangers and cooling technologies. The nonlinear governing PDEs are converted into nonlinear ODEs using appropriate transformations. The resultant system of highly nonlinear equations can be solved analytically by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The significance of factors on the flow, thermal, and concentration fields are thoroughly explained with the use of tables and figures. Higher Marangoni convection parameter in more effective heat and mass transport within the liquid as well as higher induced flows when the Marangoni convection parameter is increased. A more uniform distribution of these properties throughout the liquid is the result of decreasing temperature and concentration profiles.
Representation stability for disks in a strip
Authors: Wawrykow Nicholas
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we consider the ordered configuration space of [Formula: see text] open unit-diameter disks in the infinite strip of width [Formula: see text]. In the spirit of Arnol’d and Cohen, we provide a finite presentation for the rational homology groups of this ordered configuration space as a twisted algebra. We use this presentation to prove that the ordered configuration space of open unit-diameter disks in the infinite strip of width [Formula: see text] exhibits a notion of first-order representation stability similar to Church–Ellenberg–Farb and Miller–Wilson’s first-order representation stability for the ordered configuration space of points in a manifold. In addition, we prove that for large [Formula: see text] this disk configuration space exhibits notions of second- (and higher) order representation stability.
Experimental Finance: Introduction to the Special Issue in the QJF
Authors: Meloso Debrah , Izhakian Yehuda , Sade Orly
Published: June 2024

We delineate the field of experimental finance. This is done along two dimensions. To delineate the methodological dimension, we use the accepted view in the community. To delineate the thematic (research questions) dimension, we use a comparison with experimental economics with a historical perspective and a brief bibliometric analysis. The article further introduces, motivates, and provides context to the articles published in the special issue. These articles also serve to illustrate the delineation of the field proposed in the first part.
THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND STABILITY ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: AWDEH ALI , ASSAF RIMA , GHOSN FADI
Published: June 2024

The role of financial systems in sustainable development has become the center of global and national interest and development strategies, and more developed and stable financial systems are the cornerstones for development finance and for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This research aims at examining the impact of financial development and stability on human development in a sample of 185 countries over the period 1990–2019. This study adopts as the primary empirical methodology, the Panel Data Econometrics (Fixed Effects and Random Effects Methods), and for the robustness test, a Dynamic GMM system. To proxy for human development, it exploits the UNDP’s Human Development Index and its three sub-indices (Education, Income, and Life expectancy), while it adopts broad money, credit to the domestic private sector, and banking sector deposits (all as a percentage of GDP) to proxy for financial development. Moreover, it represents financial stability by the banking sector Z-score and a dummy variable representing crises. The empirical results reveal the prevailing role of development and stability in the financial systems on human development and its three sub-components, regardless of the country’s economic development level.
Advanced Clustering Techniques with Bio-Inspired for Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Systems
Authors: Nguyen Luong Vuong
Published: June 2024

Clustering methodologies are pivotal in enhancing the recommendation systems powered by collaborative filtering (CF). These systems commonly rely on CF approaches to generate recommendations based on similarities. While conventional user clustering methods are prevalent, there’s a growing necessity to delve into bio-inspired clustering techniques to elevate the recommendation generation process. This paper introduces a novel ensemble method termed Bio-Inspired Clustering Collaborative Filtering (BICCF) designed explicitly for recommendation systems. By harnessing swarm intelligence, this approach aims to refine the precision of recommendations within user-based CF frameworks. The study conducts experiments using real-world datasets sourced from MovieLens to assess the efficacy of this proposed method. The findings reveal marked enhancements in accuracy and efficiency, as evaluated through metrics such as Recall, Precision, MAE, and RMSE surpassing the performance of established baseline methods.
Kibria–Lukman Hybrid Estimator for Handling Multicollinearity in Poisson Regression Model: Method and Application
Authors: Alrweili Hleil
Published: June 2024

The Poisson regression model (PRM) is a widely used statistical technique for analyzing count data. However, when explanatory variables in the model are correlated, the estimation of regression coefficients using the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) can be compromised by multicollinearity. This phenomenon leads to inaccurate parameter estimates, inflated variance, and increased mean squared error (MSE). To address multicollinearity in PRM, we propose a novel Kibria–Lukman hybrid estimator. We evaluate the performance of our estimator through extensive Monte Carlo simulations, assessing its accuracy using mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) and MSE. Furthermore, we provide empirical applications to illustrate the practical relevance of our proposed method. Our simulation results and empirical applications demonstrate the superiority of the proposed estimator.
Phytotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects, Antioxidant Potentials, and Phytochemical Constituents of Stevia rebaudiana Leaves
Authors: Nuryandani Einstivina , Kurnianto Dedy , Jasmadi Jasmadi , Sefrienda Ardiba Rakhmi , Novitasari Erliana , Apriyati Erni , Wanita Yeyen Prestyaning , Indrasari Siti Dewi , Sunaryanto Rofiq , Tjokrokusumo Donowati , Yani Alvi , Suryaningtyas Indyaswan Tegar , Andriana Yusuf
Published: June 2024

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), recognized for its low‐calorie, sugar‐free attributes, and various health benefits, has potential applications beyond human consumption, particularly in agriculture. This study explored the potential uses of Stevia in both agricultural and healthcare contexts by examining its plant‐inhibitory, cytotoxic, and antioxidant effects. The methanolic extract of Stevia leaves was fractionated into hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and water fractions. These fractions were then subjected to the bioassay analyses above and underwent identification of their chemical constituents. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on weed germination and growth of Beggars tick (Bidens frondosa) (100% inhibition at 1000 ppm of dose). This fraction also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents (IC50 DPPH = 18.67 μg/mL, 103.50 mg GAE/g fraction, and 410.16 mg QE/g fraction, respectively). In contrast, the chloroform fraction showed the highest cytotoxic effect (LC50 = 700.01 ppm) in the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) mortality evaluation. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation among plant inhibitory effects, antioxidant potentials, and phenolic/flavonoid contents of Stevia. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of phenols and nonpolar components in the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. In addition, GC‐MS analysis successfully identified Stevia’s key constituents, including tetracontane, hexadecane, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester in the ethyl acetate fraction, and spiro [4.5] decan‐7‐one and 6‐hydroxy‐4,4,7a‐trimethyl‐5,6,7,7a‐tetrahydrobenzofuran‐2(4H)‐one in the chloroform fraction. This study underscores the potential of S. rebaudiana as a source of natural antioxidants and herbicides, offering valuable insights into its diverse applications in agriculture.
Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Potency and Phenolic Compounds in Fruit Peel of Opuntia robusta, Opuntia dillenii, and Opuntia ficus-indica Using HPLC‐DAD Profiling
Authors: Marhri Ahmed , Rbah Youssef , Allay Aymane , Boumediene Mehdi , Tikent Aziz , Benmoumen Abdessamad , Melhaoui Reda , Elamrani Ahmed , Abid Malika , Addi Mohamed
Published: June 2024

The edible part of the prickly pear fruit is most commonly consumed, while the peel is often discarded, leading to the loss of valuable bioactive components, such as phenolic compounds. This research aims to assess the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and quantities of phenolic and flavonoid contents of fruit peel of Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia robusta, and Opuntia dillenii. Ten phenolic compounds were identified, with isorhamnetin being the most abundant flavonoid measuring 7184.09 μg/g, while sinapic acid was identified as the major phenolic acid measuring 1806.36 μg/g. Opuntia robusta exhibited the highest total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and total phenolic acids measuring 5583.19 mg GAE 100 g−1, 21041.03 μg/g, and 3265.17 μg/g, respectively. Opuntia robusta and Opuntia dillenii demonstrated the higher antioxidant capacity in scavenging 2,2‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) compared to Opuntia ficus-indica, whereas Opuntia dillenii and Opuntia ficus-indica exhibited the highest concentration of antioxidants capable of reducing the Fe3+ complex of ferric ions (TPTZ)3+ to the ferrous complex Fe (TPTZ)2+. In contrast, the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays showed no significant difference between the examined species. Compared to the local species Opuntia ficus-indica, the two newly introduced Dactylopius opuntiae‐resistant species are richer in phenolic compounds and exhibit greater antioxidant activity.
Interesting Cytokine Profile Caused by Clinical Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MDR Carrying the exoU Gene
Authors: Badillo-Larios Nallely S. , Turrubiartes-Martínez Edgar Alejandro , Layseca-Espinosa Esther , González-Amaro Roberto , Pérez-González Luis Fernando , Niño-Moreno Perla
Published: June 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen in HAIs with two facets: the most studied is the high rate of antimicrobial resistance, and the less explored is the long list of virulence factors it possesses. This study aimed to characterize the virulence genes carried by strains as well as the profile of cytokines related to inflammation, according to the resistance profile presented. This study aims to identify the virulence factors associated with MDR strains, particularly those resistant to carbapenems, and assess whether there is a cytokine profile that correlates with these characteristics. As methodology species were identified by classical microbiological techniques and confirmed by molecular biology, resistance levels were determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration and identification of MDR strains. Virulence factor genotyping was performed using PCR. In addition, biofilm production was assessed using crystal violet staining. Finally, the strains were cocultured with PBMC, and cell survival and the cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐8, and TNF‐α were quantified using flow cytometry. Bacteremia and nosocomial pneumonia in adults are the most frequent types of infection. In the toxigenic aspect, genes corresponding to the type III secretion system were present in at least 50% of cases. In addition, PBMC exposed to strains of four different categories according to their resistance and toxicity showed a differential pattern of cytokine expression, a decrease in IL‐10, IL‐6, and IL‐8, and an over‐secretion of IL‐1b. In conclusion, the virulence genes showed a differentiated appearance for the two most aggressive exotoxins of T3SS (exoU and exoS) in multidrug‐resistant strains. Moreover, the cytokine profile displays a low expression of cytokines with anti‐inflammatory and proinflammatory effects in strains carrying the exoU gene.
Upregulated SAE1 Drives Tumorigenesis and Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcomes in Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Hong , Wang Jing , Li Yunhai , Luo Feng , Xing Lei
Published: June 2024

Background. The purpose of this study was to analyze SUMO activating enzyme subunit 1 (SAE1) expression in breast cancer (BC). Through bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments, the biological function and possibly associated signal pathways of SAE1 in BC were further analyzed. Methods. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to analyze SAE1 expression in BC and normal breast tissues, its relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis in BC patients, and data from the Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. We performed immunohistochemistry to analyze SAE1 expression in BC tissues and para‐cancer tissues in 79 breast cancer patients. BC cell proliferation was detected with the Cell Counting Kit‐8 and by the colony formation assay. Cell cycle progression was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of cell cycle‐related proteins (E2F1, cyclin D3, and cyclin‐dependent kinase 2) was determined by western blots in SAE1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfected cells. The GSE1456 dataset was used to analyze possible signal pathways associated with SAE1 by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway‐related proteins (such as p‐PI3K, p‐AKT, and mTOR) in SAE1‐siRNA cells was detected by western blots. Results. The bioinformatics and immunohistochemical results showed that SAE1 mRNA and protein expression in BC tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues. The SAE1 overexpression was significantly associated with the tumor size, tumor‐node‐metastasis stage, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and whether or not it was a triple‐negative BC. Patients with SAE1 overexpression had a worse overall survival (OS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and distant metastasis‐free survival compared with lower expression patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that SAE1 may be an independent prognostic factor for OS of BC patients. The proliferation and cell cycle process of BC cells were inhibited by SAE1‐siRNA in vitro. The result of GSEA showed that SAE1 was significantly associated with 12 gene sets, including unfolded protein reaction, DNA repair, oxidative phosphorylation, and cell cycle, among others. Additionally, two signal pathways, mTORC1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, were significantly correlated with SAE1 overexpression. Western blots confirmed that the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway‐related proteins (p‐PI3K, p‐AKT, and mTOR) in BC cells was decreased after knocking down SAE1. Conclusion. SAE1 was highly expressed in BC. Its overexpression was associated with poor BC prognosis. Additionally, it was an independent prognostic factor for BC patients. We demonstrated that in vitro SAE1 knockdown effectively inhibited BC proliferation and its cell cycle process. Furthermore, the biological function of SAE1 may be associated with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. SAE1 will be a potential target for BC treatment.
Supramolecular Self‐Assembled Nanospheres for Enzyme Encapsulation Based on Cyclodextrin
Authors: Dong Zhenqiang , Wu Lili , Ma Dongdong
Published: June 2024

Based on the cyclodextrin (CD) and guest molecules inclusion, a novel rigid‐flexible polymeric nanosphere was prepared by supramolecular self‐assemble. The rigid part was formed by α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) and methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) necklace‐like crystallites while the flexible part was sodium alginate (Alg). The rigid and flexible parts were linked by β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and ferrocene (Fc) inclusion complex. This kind of nanosphere exhibited good glucose oxidase (GOD) encapsulation ability. The encapsulated enzyme, in comparison to the free enzyme, is able to retain its high activities across a rather broader range of pH, temperature, and time. After 20 days, the encapsulated enzyme can retain its almost 86% initial activity which exhibited good storage stability. These studies suggested that CD host‐guest inclusions to form stable polymeric nanospheres may be an effective way for enzyme encapsulation in various biomedical applications.
Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Protease Produced from Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2423 to Improve the Functional Properties of Wheat Gluten Hydrolysates
Authors: Rajendhran Hari Prasath , Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar , Venkatraman Swethaa , Karthik Pothiyappan
Published: June 2024

This study is aimed at investigating the reutilizing of gluten protein from the wheat processing industry by Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2423 protease to obtain gluten hydrolysates with high added value. Gluten protein hydrolysis using protease achieved a 34.07% degree of hydrolysis with 5% gluten protein, at a hydrolysis time of 2 h for 1000 U/mL at pH 8.0 and temperature of 40°C. Compared to the wheat gluten, the obtained hydrolysates exhibited enhanced functional attributes, including heightened solubility (43%), increased emulsifying activity (93.08 m2/g), and improved radical scavenging properties. Furthermore, these hydrolysates demonstrated enhanced antioxidant potential, as evidenced by elevated ABTS (2,2 ′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) of 81.25% and DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) of 56.46% radical scavenging activities and also exhibited a higher α‐amylase inhibitory effect of 33.98%. The enhancement in functional characteristics of wheat gluten hydrolysates was observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The percentage of free amino acids obtained by protease‐mediated hydrolysates increased significantly compared to the unhydrolyzed wheat, which was observed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. These findings suggest that wheat gluten hydrolysates hold promising potential as functional and nutritional food ingredients in the food industry, owing to their enhanced functionalities and potential antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.
Perioperative Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation Reduces Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Jianming , Zhang Keqin , Zhang Yongyan , Ji Feng , Shi Haifeng , Lou Yi , Xu Hua
Published: June 2024

Objectives. This study aimed to determine the effects of perioperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative pain management in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Methods. In the prospective, randomized, controlled study, a total of 84 patients undergoing video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were randomly allocated to the TEAS group (Group T) or control group (Group C). Patients in the Group T received TEAS at Neiguan (PC6) and Hegu (LI4) acupoints for 30 min before anesthesia induction and 30 min after thoracoscopic surgery. Patients in the Group C received the same placement of electrodes but without electrical stimulation. The numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score, remifentanil consumption, demand for rescue analgesics and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), patient satisfaction, and the levels of plasma β‐endorphin (EP) and IL‐6 were recorded. Results. Patients in the Group T had significantly lower NRS pain scores at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery than those in the Group C. Compared with Group C, patients in Group T had lower remifentanil consumption during operation, lower demand for rescue analgesics and lower rate of PONV within 24 h after surgery. Patients in Group T also had lower IL‐6 content, higher β‐EP content and higher satisfaction degree than those in the Group C. Conclusions. Perioperative TEAS significantly decreased postoperative pain and rescued analgesia requirements and the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery, with a higher patient satisfaction. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2100051841.
The Effects of Chia Supplementation on Lipid Profile in Patients Suffering from Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Run Qi , Yan Haoming , Pam Pedram , Jamilian Parsa , Zarezadeh Meysam , Zhang Hongyan
Published: June 2024

Background. Dyslipidemia is a major public health challenge worldwide, and chia seed, a nutrient‐dense functional food, could be beneficial in metabolic disorders. This systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to assess how chia seed intake affects lipid profiles. Methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar up to January 2024. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) addressing the effect of chia seed on triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) were included. Data were analyzed using a random‐effects model and reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results. A total of seven RCTs involving 304 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. The results showed that chia consumption had no considerable effect on TG (WMD: −18.73 mg/dl; 95% CI: −55.46 to 18.00; p = 0.31), TC (WMD: −7.49 mg/dl; 95% CI: −15.60 to 0.63; p = 0.07), HDL (WMD: −2.85 mg/dl; 95% CI: −6.74 to 1.05; p = 0.15), and LDL (WMD: −8.09 mg/dl; 95% CI: −18.17 to 1.99; p = 0.11). However, subgroup analyses indicated that chia could decrease TC in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and LDL in patients with obesity. Conclusion. Chia consumption had no effect on lipid profiles including triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL. Nevertheless, patients with obesity and T2DM might benefit from its supplementation.
Adherence to the ISHLT Protocol for the Referral of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis to the Transplantation Center among of Czech Centers for Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Sterclova Martina , Doubkova Martina , Sykorova Lubica , Bartos Vladimir , Zurkova Monika , Lostakova Vladimira , Mokosova Radka , Plackova Martina , Lacina Ladislav , Cimrova Michaela , Bittenglova Radka , Lisa Pavlina , Musilova Pavla , Dolezal Daniel , Psikalova Jana , Ovesna Petra , Koziar Vasakova Martina
Published: June 2024

There are limited data on referral rates and the number of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who are eligible for lung transplantation. The aim of the present study was to assess adherence to the consensus of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) for the referral of patients with IPF among Czech interstitial lung disease (ILD) centers. Czech patients who were diagnosed with IPF between 1999 and 2021 (n = 1584) and who were less than 65 years old at the time of diagnosis were retrospectively selected from the Czech Republic of the European Multipartner Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Registry (EMPIRE). Nonsmokers and ex‐smokers with a body mass index (BMI) of <32 kg/m2 (n = 404) were included for further analyses. Patients with a history of cancer <5 years from the time of IPF diagnosis, patients with alcohol abuse, and patients with an accumulation of vascular comorbidities were excluded. The trajectory of individual patients was verified at the relevant ILD center. From the database of transplant patients (1999‐12/2021, n = 541), all patients who underwent transplantation for pulmonary fibrosis (n = 186) were selected, and the diagnosis of IPF was subsequently verified from the patient’s medical records (n = 67). A total of 304 IPF patients were eligible for lung transplantation. Ninety‐six patients were referred to the transplant center, 50% (n = 49) of whom were referred for lung transplantation. Thirty percent of potentially eligible patients not referred to the transplant center were considered to have too many comorbidities by the reporting physician, 19% of IPF patients denied lung transplantation, and 17% were not referred due to age. Among Czech patients with IPF, there may be a larger pool of potential lung transplant candidates than has been reported to the transplant center to date.
Mechanical Response Analysis of Regular and Lightweight Concrete under Bending Stresses
Authors: Narimanifar Kamyar , Mousavi Ghasemi Seyed Arash
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the mechanical response of regular and lightweight concrete under bending stresses. We compared the stress‐strain relationships, densities, and deformation capacities of these two types of concrete to highlight their key differences. Lightweight concrete, with a lower density of 1800 kg/m³, offers significant weight reductions, making it ideal for applications with weight constraints. However, this reduced weight results in lower compressive and flexural strengths. On the other hand, normal concrete, with a density of 2400 kg/m³, exhibited higher mechanical strength and durability. The stress‐strain graphs from the study showed that both concrete types exhibit both elastic and plastic deformation, with a transition from elastic to plastic behavior at specific stress points. By balancing weight reduction against mechanical strength, this study provides valuable insights for construction professionals in selecting the appropriate concrete type for various projects.
Neutrophil–Lymphocytes Ratio as Potential Early Marker for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Cervellati Carlo , Pedrini Dario , Pirro Pietro , Guindani Paola , Renzini Carlo , Brombo Gloria , Zuliani Giovanni
Published: June 2024

Background. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a noninvasive, inexpensive, and easily applicable marker of inflammation. Since immune dysregulation leading to inflammation is regarded as a hallmark of dementia, in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we decided to investigate the potentials of NLR as a diagnostic and predictive biomarker in this clinical setting. Materials and Methods. NLR was measured in the blood of patients with AD (n = 103), amnestic type mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, n = 212), vascular dementia (VAD, n = 34), and cognitively healthy Controls (n = 61). One hundred twelve MCI patients underwent a regular clinical follow‐up. Over a 36‐months median follow‐up, 80 remained stable, while 32 progressed to overt dementia. Results. NLR was higher in patients with aMCI or dementia compared to Controls; however, the difference was statistically significant only for aMCI (+13%, p = 0.04) and AD (+20%, p = 0.03). These results were confirmed by multivariate logistic analysis, which showed that high NLR was associated with an increase in the likelihood of receiving a diagnosis of aMCI (odd ratio (OR): 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–4.89) or AD (OR: 3.13, 95%CI: 1.47–6.70), but not of VAD. NLR did not differ when comparing stable vs. progressing aMCI. Conclusions. This is the first report showing that NLR is significantly increased in MCI and AD but not in VAD. We also found that NLR was unable to predict the conversion from aMCI to AD. Further research on larger cohorts is warranted to definitely ascertain the application of NLR as a possible marker for aMCI and AD.
Population Genetic Structure of Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) in Northwestern Türkiye Using Mitochondrial COX1 Gene
Authors: Ağdamar Sevan , Saç Gülşah , Acar Ümit , Gaygusuz Özcan , Doğaç Ersin , Özuluğ Müfit
Published: June 2024

Petroleuciscus borysthenicus is a species with a wide distribution from the eastern, western, and northern Black Sea and Azov Sea basins, the Aegean Sea basin, and Northwestern Türkiye. However, there has been relatively little attention on the genetic variability of this species in their native distribution range, and nearly no study has been conducted in Türkiye despite its importance in biodiversity. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic variability and population structure of P. borysthenicus from Northwestern Türkiye using an integrated molecular method. A total of 72 specimens were collected from 13 localities in the Northwestern part of Türkiye. A total of six haplotypes were identified in all specimens. A relatively low level of genetic variability was found for P. borysthenicus throughout the study region based on the indices of genetic diversity including haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity for the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (h = 0.507, π = 0.0027). The pairwise FST values between the samples ranged from −0.123 to 1.000. Furthermore, our results revealed no provable recent demographic expansion for P. borysthenicus from Northwestern Türkiye. However, more studies using additional geographic sampling and molecular analysis are needed to enhance our knowledge of the diversity and distribution of this species.
Management of Antithrombotic Agents During Emergency Endoscopy for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Yamaguchi Daisuke , Ishida Satoshi , Gondo Kasumi , Nomura Tadahiro , Yamaguchi Azuki , Asahi Ryosuke , Mizuta Yumi , Nagatsuma Goshi , Fukami Shota , Kimura Shunichiro , Fujimoto Shun , Shimakura Akane , Jubashi Amane , Takeuchi Yuki , Ikeda Kei , Tanaka Yuichiro , Yoshioka Wataru , Hino Naoyuki , Morisaki Tomohito , Ario Keisuke , Tsunada Seiji
Published: June 2024

Background/Aims: This study is aimed at comparing the outcomes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) during emergency endoscopy between patients taking and not taking antithrombotic agents to inform antithrombotic management.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 389 patients who underwent emergency endoscopy for UGIB from 2016 to 2021. The patients were categorized into group A (taking antithrombotic agents) and group NA (not taking antithrombotic agents). The clinical characteristics, types of antithrombotic agents, patient status upon admission, and causes of UGIB were examined. Treatment outcomes and adverse events were assessed by propensity score matching (PSM).

Results: Group A was significantly older and the primary antithrombotic agent was low‐dose aspirin, with multiple antithrombotics taken by 38 patients (29.0%). Peptic ulcers were the most common cause of UGIB in both groups. PSM generated 83 matched pairs. The success rate of endoscopic hemostasis in group A was significantly higher than in group NA (96.4% vs. 84.3%, P = 0.02). Despite promptly resuming antithrombotic agent posthemostasis, there was no significant difference in the rebleeding rate or 30‐day mortality.

Conclusion: The high success rate of endoscopic hemostasis and no difference in adverse events made the prompt resumption of antithrombotic medications after emergency endoscopy for UGIB acceptable.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: UMIN000053561
A Fatal Case of 3‐Hydroxyisobutyryl‐CoA Hydrolase Deficiency in a Term Infant with Severe High Anion Gap Acidosis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Puvabanditsin Surasak , Lee Ian , Cordero Natasha , Target Keisha , Park Su Young , Mehta Rajeev
Published: June 2024

3‐hydroxy isobutyl‐CoA hydrolase (HIBCH) deficiency is a recently described, rare inborn error of valine metabolism associated with a Leigh syndrome‐like phenotype, neurodegenerative symptoms, and caused by recessive mutations in the HIBCH gene. We report the most severe case to date of an intrauterine growth‐restricted term male who presented with severe acidosis and a high anion gap soon after birth. The manifestation was fatal that led to death within 36 hours of life. The diagnosis was made postnatally by Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). We report a rapid and fatal event of HIBCN in a neonate and review of the literature.
Modelling and Simulation of Power Lines Using Modelica Language, Starting from the Line Geometry
Authors: Ceraolo Massimo
Published: June 2024

Modelica is a simulation language that is able to model systems from many different fields of scientific and engineering contexts, which can coexist in individual models. Modelica Standard Library is an open‐source library that contains many ready‐to‐use open‐source models built in Modelica language but does not have any code to determine transmission line parameters from its geometry, thus limiting its usability for power system studies. This paper first describes important issues arising when modelling power transmission lines, then presents how they can be solved using Modelica code. Readers of this paper will, therefore, be able to model power lines from the geometry of conductors using any of the existing (some freely available) Modelica‐capable simulation tools.
A Hybrid Deep Neural Network Approach to Recognize Driving Fatigue Based on EEG Signals
Authors: Alghanim Mohammed , Attar Hani , Rezaee Khosro , Khosravi Mohamadreza , Solyman Ahmed , Kanan Mohammad A.
Published: June 2024

Electroencephalography (EEG) data serve as a reliable method for fatigue detection due to their intuitive representation of drivers’ mental processes. However, existing research on feature generation has overlooked the effective and automated aspects of this process. The challenge of extracting features from unpredictable and complex EEG signals has led to the frequent use of deep learning models for signal classification. Unfortunately, these models often neglect generalizability to novel subjects. To address these concerns, this study proposes the utilization of a modified deep convolutional neural network, specifically the Inception‐dilated ResNet architecture. Trained on spectrograms derived from segmented EEG data, the network undergoes analysis in both temporal and spatial‐frequency dimensions. The primary focus is on accurately detecting and classifying fatigue. The inherent variability of EEG signals between individuals, coupled with limited samples during fatigue states, presents challenges in fatigue detection through brain signals. Therefore, a detailed structural analysis of fatigue episodes is crucial. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed methodology’s ability to distinguish between alertness and sleepiness, achieving average accuracy rates of 98.87% and 82.73% on Figshare and SEED‐VIG datasets, respectively, surpassing contemporary methodologies. Additionally, the study examines frequency bands’ relative significance to further explore participants’ inclinations in states of alertness and fatigue. This research paves the way for deeper exploration into the underlying factors contributing to mental fatigue.
Identification of risk factors and construction of a nomogram predictive model for post-stroke infection in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Liu Xiao-Chen , Chang Xiao-Jie , Zhao Si-Ren , Zhu Shan-Shan , Tian Yan-Yan , Zhang Jing , Li Xin-Yue
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Post-stroke infection is the most common complication of stroke and poses a huge threat to patients. In addition to prolonging the hospitalization time and increasing the medical burden, post-stroke infection also significantly increases the risk of disease and death. Clarifying the risk factors for post-stroke infection in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is of great significance. It can guide clinical practice to perform corresponding prevention and control work early, minimizing the risk of stroke-related infections and ensuring favorable disease outcomes.

AIM

To explore the risk factors for post-stroke infection in patients with AIS and to construct a nomogram predictive model.

METHODS

The clinical data of 206 patients with AIS admitted to our hospital between April 2020 and April 2023 were retrospectively collected. Baseline data and post-stroke infection status of all study subjects were assessed, and the risk factors for post-stroke infection in patients with AIS were analyzed.

RESULTS

Totally, 48 patients with AIS developed stroke, with an infection rate of 23.3%. Age, diabetes, disturbance of consciousness, high National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, invasive operation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were risk factors for post-stroke infection in patients with AIS (P < 0.05). A nomogram prediction model was constructed with a C-index of 0.891, reflecting the good potential clinical efficacy of the nomogram prediction model. The calibration curve also showed good consistency between the actual observations and nomogram predictions. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.891 (95% confidence interval: 0.839–0.942), showing predictive value for post-stroke infection. When the optimal cutoff value was selected, the sensitivity and specificity were 87.5% and 79.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Age, diabetes, disturbance of consciousness, NIHSS score at admission, invasive surgery, and COPD are risk factors for post-stroke infection following AIS. The nomogram prediction model established based on these factors exhibits high discrimination and accuracy.
Study on the impact of comprehensive geriatric assessment on anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Shi Xian-Rong , Wu Wen-Li , Li Chun-Yan , Ao Jiao , Xiong Hai-Xia , Guo Jing , Fang Yan
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Psychological factors such as anxiety and depression will not only aggravate the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and reduce the quality of life of patients, but also affect the treatment effect and long-term prognosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the clinical application of senile comprehensive assessment in the treatment of COPD and its influence on psychological factors such as anxiety and depression.

AIM

To explore the clinical application of comprehensive geriatric assessment in COPD care and its impact on anxiety and depression in elderly patents.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, 60 patients with COPD who were hospitalized in our hospital from 2019 to 2020 were randomly divided into two groups with 30 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing, and the observation group was given comprehensive assessment. Clinical symptoms, quality of life [COPD assessment test (CAT) score], anxiety and depression Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

CAT scores in the observation group decreased from an average of 24.5 points at admission to an average of 18.3 points at discharge, and in the control group from an average of 24.7 points at admission to an average of 18.3 points at discharge. The average score was 22.1 (P < 0.05). In the observation group, HAMA scores decreased from 14.2 points at admission to 8.6 points at discharge, and HAMD scores decreased from 13.8 points at admission to 7.4 points at discharge. The mean HAMD scores in the control group decreased from an average of 14.5 at admission to an average of 12.3 at discharge, and from an average of 14.1 at admission to an average of 11.8 at discharge.

CONCLUSION

The application of comprehensive geriatric assessment in COPD care has a significant effect on improving patients' clinical symptoms and quality of life, and can effectively reduce patients' anxiety and depression.