bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motoric performance variation from morning to evening: 80% intensity post-activation potentiation protocol impacts performance and its diurnal amplitude in basketball players
Authors: Eken Özgür , Mainer-Pardos Elena , Yagin Fatma Hilal , Eken Ismihan , Prieto-González Pablo , Nobari Hadi
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) can be defined as the acute enhancement in muscle performance after preload stimulation that occurs during strength exercises or warm-up protocols, and the contractile history of any muscle group can directly influence the presented performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of motoric performance tests carried out at two different times of the day using three different PAP protocols.

Methods

Thirty-two male basketball players with at least 2 years of training experience and who competed at the national level were recruited for this study [age: 21.80 ± 1.91 years; body height: 178.40 ± 6.85 cm; body mass: 72.50 ± 7.16 kg; body mass index (BMI): 22.81 ± 2.28]. After control and experimental-specific warm-up (SWU) sessions, participants completed a countermovement jump (CMJ) and seated medicine ball throw (SMBT). The SWU protocol was developed based on the athlete’s typical warm-up routine. The experimental warm-ups included the same exercises as the SWU, with one set of bench presses for five repetitions at 80% (80% PAP) and one repetition at 100% of 1 RM (100% PAP). Each of the protocols consists of 15 min. The SWU and experimental warm-up sessions were completed in a random, counterbalanced order, completed in a period of 3-weeks.

Results

According to the research findings, carrying out the protocols in the evening led to a larger improvement in SMBT than in the morning (F = 35.94, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.537). Additionally, the SMBT results were statistically more significant in the group that received 80% PAP compared to the SWU (p = 0.034), and the SMBT results were also higher in the group that received 100% PAP compared to the SWU (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the interaction effect (time × PAP) was statistically significant in SMBT (F = 6.39, p = 0.003, η2p = 0.17).

Discussion

These results may provide more particular recommendations than previously thought to basketball coaches for the planning of basketball-specific PAP exercises prior to the start of training programs.
Which outcome variables are associated with psychological inflexibility/flexibility for chronic pain patients? A three level meta-analysis
Authors: Fang Shuanghu , Ding Dongyan
Published: December 2022

The psychological flexibility model can be seen as a basis for an integrated and progressive psychological approach to chronic pain management. Some researchers suggest that psychological flexibility and inflexibility represent distinct processes and constructs. This meta-analysis is the first to provide a summary estimate of the overall effect size for the relationship between psychological (in)flexibility and common outcomes among chronic pain patients. The research protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/), registration number CRD42021285705. Four databases were searched (PsycINFO; PubMed; Web of Science, CINAHL) along with reference lists. Thirty-six cross-sectional studies were included (7,779 participants). Meta-analyses (random effects model) indicated a significant medium negative association between psychological flexibility and pain intensity or functional impairment. The present study also indicated a significant small to medium association between psychological inflexibility and pain intensity, a nearly large association between psychological inflexibility and functional impairment as well as the quality of life, and a large association between psychological inflexibility and anxiety/depression. Due to the limited number of included studies, the relationship between risk behavior and psychological inflexibility may not be significant. Types of countries and instruments measuring psychological inflexibility may explain part of the heterogeneity. These findings may carry significant implications for chronic pain patients regarding the potential relationship between psychological inflexibility or flexibility and these outcomes. It may consequently form the basis for more robust testing of causal and manipulable relationships.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42021285705.
An empirical study on cultivating college students' cross-cultural communicative competence based on the artificial-intelligence English-teaching mode
Authors: Long Jingjing , Lin Jiaxin
Published: December 2022

Artificial intelligence education will be an important part of information technology education in the future. It will enter the classroom and the learning life of students in various forms. The modern teaching media used in artificial intelligence courses at universities include some conventional teaching courseware, multimedia videos, and tool software. Some teaching media are unique to artificial intelligence, such as smart software, smart devices, and smart websites. The existing cross-cultural competence dimensions and evaluation scales were theoretically explained with factor analysis by comparing and selecting comprehensive evaluation methods in the work. Its main advantages were as follows: simple mathematical models and easy operation. The construction of a comprehensive evaluation model for college students' cross-cultural competence included the principles and ideas of model construction, the methods and steps of model construction, and model calculations. The survey results showed that the four-level scores of all samples had a significant positive correlation with foreign cultural knowledge, attitudes, and cross-cultural communication skills at 0.01 level (bilateral) and 0.05 (bilateral), respectively.
The sibling effect on neurodevelopment of preschoolers under China’s newly relaxed child policy: A national retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dai Xiaotian , Williams Gareth , Lin Senran , Baker Charlie , Wu Meiqin , Du Wenchong , Hua Jing
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The change in Chinese fertility policy brings new challenges and considerations for children’s health outcomes; however, very little is known about the interaction between siblings, family socioeconomic status (SES), and neurodevelopment in the Chinese preschool-age population. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a new explanatory pathway from sibling effect to early childhood development and explored the mediation effect of family SES in the pathway.

Methods

From April 2018 to December 2019, we conducted a national retrospective cohort study in 551 cities in China, and a total of 115,915 preschool-aged children were selected for the final analysis. Children’s neurodevelopment, including Communication, Gross motor, Fine motor, Problem-solving, and Personal-social, was assessed with the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3). Hypothesis tests and multilevel regression models were used to assess the associations and their strength between sibling effect and neurodevelopmental delay. Pathway analysis was used to verify the mediation effect of SES.

Results

The results showed that there were significant risk effects of a sibling on preschoolers’ overall neurodevelopment including communication, gross motor, fine motor, and problem-solving delay. The adjustment of family SES, however, brought a reversal of this association. The results of the mediation model illustrated a direct, protective effect of one-sibling status (βASQ-delay = −0.09; βASQ-scores = 0.07; p < 0.001), and an indirect, risk effect from one-sibling status through family SES to neurodevelopment outcomes (βASQ-delay =0.12; βASQ-scores = −0.12; p < 0.001). The total sibling effect was weakened but remained negative (βASQ-delay =0.03; βASQ-scores = −0.05; p < 0.001).

Discussion

This study concluded that family SES mediated the negative effects of one sibling on early child development. To enhance the positive influence of sibling addition, we suggested providing more resources and instructions to the families with less educated and poorer employed parents under the coming multi-child era.
Does central executive training and/or inhibitory control training improve emotion regulation for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Groves Nicole B. , Chan Elizabeth S. M. , Marsh Carolyn L. , Gaye Fatou , Jaisle Emma M. , Kofler Michael J.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Approximately 48–54% of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have impairing difficulties with emotion regulation, and these difficulties are not ameliorated by first-line ADHD treatments. Working memory and inhibitory control represent promising intervention targets given their functional, if not causal, links with ADHD-related emotion dysregulation.

Methods

This preregistered randomized controlled trial tested whether two digital therapeutic training protocols that have been previously shown to improve working memory (Central Executive Training [CET]) and inhibitory control (Inhibitory Control Training [ICT]) can improve emotion regulation in a sample of 94 children with ADHD aged 8–13 years (M = 10.22, SD = 1.43; 76% White/non-Hispanic; 29 girls).

Results

Results of Bayesian mixed model ANOVAs indicated both treatment groups demonstrated significant decreases in emotion dysregulation relative to pre-treatment at immediate post-treatment (parent report; d = 1.25, BF10 = 8.04 × 1013, p < 0.001), at 1–2 months after completing treatment (teacher report; d = 0.99, BF10 = 1.22 × 106, p < 0.001), and at 2–4-months follow-up (parent report; d = 1.22, BF10 = 1.15 × 1014, p < 0.001). Contrary to our hypotheses, the CET and ICT groups demonstrated equivalent reductions in emotion dysregulation and maintenance of effects. Exploratory analyses revealed that results were robust to control for informant expectancies, ADHD medication status/changes, in-person vs. at-home treatment, child age, and time from treatment completion to post-treatment ratings.

Discussion

To determine whether working memory and inhibitory control are causally linked with ADHD-related emotion dysregulation, future studies should include active control conditions that do not train executive functions prior to making decisions about the clinical utility of CET/ICT for the treatment of emotion dysregulation in ADHD.

Clinical trial registration

[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT03324464].
Suicidal ideation and behavior in youth in low- and middle-income countries: A brief review of risk factors and implications for prevention
Authors: Renaud Johanne , MacNeil Sasha Leigh , Vijayakumar Lakshmi , Spodenkiewicz Michel , Daniels Sylvanne , Brent David A. , Turecki Gustavo
Published: December 2022

Although global rates of suicide have dropped in the last 30 years, youth in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to be highly represented in suicide statistics yet underrepresented in research. In this review we present the epidemiology of suicide, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among youth in LMICs. We also describe population-level (attitudes toward suicide, socioeconomic, and societal factors) and individual-level clinical and psychosocial risk factors, highlighting specific considerations pertaining to youth in LMICs. These specific considerations in risk factors within this population can inform how multi-level prevention strategies may be targeted to meet their specific needs. Prevention and intervention strategies relying on the stepped-care framework focusing on population-, community-, and individual level targets while considering locally- and culturally relevant practices are key in LMICs. In addition, systemic approaches favoring school-based and family-based interventions are important among youth. Cross-culturally adapted multimodal prevention strategies targeting the heterogeneity that exists in healthcare systems, suicide rates, and risk factors in these countries should be accorded a high priority to reduce the burden of suicide among youth in LMICs.
Cross-lagged relationship between anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance among college students during and after collective isolation
Authors: Shi Congying , Wang Shujian , Tang Qihui , Liu Xiangping , Li Yue
Published: December 2022

Object

Repeated quarantine policies over the past 3 years have led to poor psychological consequences for the public. Previous studies have proved that the quarantine policy leaves individuals vulnerable to anxiety, depression, and insomnia, especially among college students. This study aims to explore whether psychological problems during isolation continue with the release of isolation.

Methods

Overall, 2,787 college students both answered a web-based survey during and after the closure management was lifted. The Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Youth Self-rating Insomnia Scale were measured. The cross-lagged path model was used to explore the influence of psychological impact during isolation on the individual after the release.

Results

We found that anxiety and sleep disturbance levels alleviated significantly after quarantine, except for depression. As expected, a bidirectional relationship exists between anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance. Moreover, depression and sleep disturbance can predict post quarantine depression, sleep disturbance, and anxiety, yet anxiety cannot predict sleep disturbance afterward.

Conclusion

Timely and effective intervention for anxiety, depression, and insomnia during isolation is essential for individuals to repair themselves quickly after the release.
The influence of outdoor play spaces in urban parks on children's social anxiety
Authors: Bao Yu , Gao Ming , Luo Dan , Zhou Xudan
Published: December 2022

Urban green spaces are critical to the healthy development of children's social interactions and activities. However, the relationship between urban green spaces for children's activities and the alleviation of children's social anxiety remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the link between spatial characteristics and social anxiety in children. To explore the coupling relationships among green space, play space, and social anxiety, an assessment of children's play spaces and levels of social anxiety was performed using self-reported data, OpenStreetMap captured the characteristic indicators of urban parks, and the ArcGIS and SPSS softwares were used for the mathematical analysis. The results showed that (1) both the NDVI and 10-min accessibility were significantly negatively related to children's social anxiety; (2) the diversity of service facilities, surfacing materials, and the attractiveness and challenge of the environment were negatively related to children's social anxiety; (3) there were significant differences between activity types and social anxiety. These results provide design references and a theoretical basis for improving the benefits of urban green space on children's health and wellbeing.
“We need to talk to each other”: Crossing traditional boundaries between public health and occupational health to address COVID-19
Authors: Hopwood Pamela , MacEachen Ellen , Majowicz Shannon E. , Meyer Samantha B. , Amoako Joyceline
Published: December 2022

Introduction

This study examined how public health (PH) and occupational health (OH) sectors worked together and separately, in four different Canadian provinces to address COVID-19 as it affected at-risk workers. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 OH and PH experts between June to December 2021. Responses about how PH and OH worked across disciplines to protect workers were analyzed.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative analysis to identify Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) in multisectoral collaboration, and implications for prevention approaches.

Results

We found strengths in the new ways the PH and OH worked together in several instances; and identified weaknesses in the boundaries that constrain PH and OH sectors and relate to communication with the public. Threats to worker protections were revealed in policy gaps. Opportunities existed to enhance multisectoral PH and OH collaboration and the response to the risk of COVID-19 and potentially other infectious diseases to better protect the health of workers.

Discussion

Multisectoral collaboration and mutual learning may offer ways to overcome challenges that threaten and constrain cooperation between PH and OH. A more synchronized approach to addressing workers' occupational determinants of health could better protect workers and the public from infectious diseases.
The evolution of research on depression during COVID-19: A visual analysis using Co-Occurrence and VOSviewer
Authors: Fu Qiannan , Ge Jiahao , Xu Yanhua , Liang Xiaoyu , Yu Yuyao , Shen Suqin , Ma Yanfang , Zhang Jianzhen
Published: December 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to public health problems, including depression. There has been a significant increase in research on depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little attention has been paid to the overall trend in this field based on bibliometric analyses.

Methods

Co-Occurrence (COOC) and VOSviewer bibliometric methods were utilized to analyze depression in COVID-19 literature in the core collection of the Web of Science (WOS). The overall characteristics of depression during COVID-19 were summarized by analyzing the number of published studies, keywords, institutions, and countries.

Results

A total of 9,694 English original research articles and reviews on depression during COVID-19 were included in this study. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom were the countries with the largest number of publications and had close cooperation with each other. Research institutions in each country were dominated by universities, with the University of Toronto being the most productive institution in the world. The most frequently published author was Ligang Zhang. Visualization analysis showed that influencing factors, adverse effects, and coping strategies were hotspots for research.

Conclusion

The results shed light on the burgeoning research on depression during COVID-19, particularly the relationship between depression and public health. In addition, future research on depression during COVID-19 should focus more on special groups and those at potential risk of depression in the general population, use more quantitative and qualitative studies combined with more attention to scale updates, and conduct longitudinal follow-ups of the outcomes of interventions. In conclusion, this study contributes to a more comprehensive view of the development of depression during COVID-19 and suggests a theoretical basis for future research on public health.
The mediating role of physical activity and sedentary behavior in the association between working from home and musculoskeletal pain during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Loef Bette , van Oostrom Sandra H. , Bosma Esmee ,   Lifelines Corona Research Initiative, Proper Karin I.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated both with physical inactivity and musculoskeletal pain. However, it has not been examined whether physical activity and sedentary behavior are underlying mechanisms in the association between working from home and musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, we examined their mediating role in this association.

Methods

Data were used from 24 questionnaire rounds of the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort (March 2020–January 2022). Longitudinal information on work situation (location, home, hybrid), physical activity, sedentary behavior, and musculoskeletal pain was collected among 28,586 workers. Analysis of physical activity/sedentary behavior as mediators of the association between working from home and musculoskeletal pain was performed using multilevel structural equation modeling.

Results

Home workers more often had pain in the upper back [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95%-confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–1.34] and arm, neck, and/or shoulder (ANS) (OR = 1.32, 95%-CI = 1.19–1.47) than location workers. Furthermore, home workers were more often sedentary for >9 h per work day than location workers (OR = 2.82, 95%-CI = 2.56–3.09), and being more sedentary was associated with musculoskeletal pain (upper back: OR = 1.17, 95%-CI = 1.06–1.30; ANS: OR = 1.25, 95%-CI = 1.16–1.34). Corresponding indirect effects were OR = 1.18 (95%-CI = 1.04–1.33) and OR = 1.26 (95%-CI = 1.12–1.35). No indirect effect was found for physical activity. Similar indirect effects were observed for hybrid workers.

Conclusion

Home and hybrid workers were more likely to have pain in the upper musculoskeletal system during the COVID-19 pandemic than location workers, which was partly mediated by increased sedentary behavior, but not by reduced physical activity. Measures to reduce sedentary time in home workers may contribute to preventing musculoskeletal pain.
Addressing violence against children: A case review in the state of Qatar
Authors: Al-Mohannadi Abdulla Saeed , Al-Harahsheh Sanaa , Atari Sajeda , Jilani Nadeem , Al-Hail Ghalya , Sigodo Kennedy
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Violence against children (VAC) is a critical public health issue that affects billions of children worldwide. The combination of its prevalence and severity of effects on children creates an urgent need for effective interventions. Multiple studies associate VAC with lifelong implications that affect children through adulthood. In Qatar, multiple approaches such as legislation are being used to protect children from all forms of violence. Despite the gravity of the issue, there is still low readiness for the prevention of VAC in Qatar. This review aimed to map approaches to addressing VAC in Qatar from the panelists' perspectives on current approaches to addressing VAC.

Methods

The review obtained data from a recorded video entitled “A Public Health Approach to Addressing Violence Against Children.” The panel discussion in this video clip was organized as a side event of the WISH virtual summit by UNICEF and WISH on World Children's Day, held in Qatar in November 2020. The video was transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings

It shows the importance of both global and national level interventions in addressing VAC. The review uses the socioecological model to show relationships among different levels of interventions addressing VAC in Qatar. The findings highlight the national approaches to addressing VAC using public health, and legislative and policy approaches.

Discussion

The interventions addressing VAC at different levels in Qatar are interconnected. Delineating each level is key to the formation of holistic interventions that leverage global, regional, national, communal, familial, and individual factors that support interventions to address VAC.
Development and validation of a risk prediction model for incident liver cancer
Authors: Liu Yingxin , Zhang Jingyi , Wang Weifeng , Li Guowei
Published: December 2022

Objective

We aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model for liver cancer based on routinely available risk factors using the data from UK Biobank prospective cohort study.

Methods

This analysis included 359,489 participants (2,894,807 person-years) without a previous diagnosis of cancer. We used the Fine-Gray regression model to predict the incident risk of liver cancer, accounting for the competing risk of all-cause death. Model discrimination and calibration were validated internally. Decision curve analysis was conducted to quantify the clinical utility of the model. Nomogram was built based on regression coefficients.

Results

Good discrimination performance of the model was observed in both development and validation datasets, with an area under the curve (95% confidence interval) for 5-year risk of 0.782 (0.748–0.816) and 0.771 (0.702–0.840) respectively. The calibration showed fine agreement between observed and predicted risks. The model yielded higher positive net benefits in the decision curve analysis than considering either all participants as being at high or low risk, which indicated good clinical utility.

Conclusion

A new risk prediction model for liver cancer composed of routinely available risk factors was developed. The model had good discrimination, calibration and clinical utility, which may help with the screening and management of liver cancer for general population in the public health field.
Applications of contemporary artificial intelligence technology in forensic odontology as primary forensic identifier: A scoping review
Authors: Mohammad Norhasmira , Ahmad Rohana , Kurniawan Arofi , Mohd Yusof Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera
Published: December 2022

Background

Forensic odontology may require a visual or clinical method during identification. Sometimes it may require forensic experts to refer to the existing technique to identify individuals, for example, by using the atlas to estimate the dental age. However, the existing technology can be a complicated procedure for a large-scale incident requiring a more significant number of forensic identifications, particularly during mass disasters. This has driven many experts to perform automation in their current practice to improve efficiency.

Objective

This article aims to evaluate current artificial intelligence applications and discuss their performance concerning the algorithm architecture used in forensic odontology.

Methods

This study summarizes the findings of 28 research papers published between 2010 and June 2022 using the Arksey and O'Malley framework, updated by the Joanna Briggs Institute Framework for Scoping Reviews methodology, highlighting the research trend of artificial intelligence technology in forensic odontology. In addition, a literature search was conducted on Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed, and the results were evaluated based on their content and significance.

Results

The potential application of artificial intelligence technology in forensic odontology can be categorized into four: (1) human bite marks, (2) sex determination, (3) age estimation, and (4) dental comparison. This powerful tool can solve humanity's problems by giving an adequate number of datasets, the appropriate implementation of algorithm architecture, and the proper assignment of hyperparameters that enable the model to perform the prediction at a very high level of performance.

Conclusion

The reviewed articles demonstrate that machine learning techniques are reliable for studies involving continuous features such as morphometric parameters. However, machine learning models do not strictly require large training datasets to produce promising results. In contrast, deep learning enables the processing of unstructured data, such as medical images, which require large volumes of data. Occasionally, transfer learning was used to overcome the limitation of data. In the meantime, this method's capacity to automatically learn task-specific feature representations has made it a significant success in forensic odontology.
From innovative applications of the effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial design to the dissemination, implementation, effectiveness, sustainment, economics, and level-of-scaling hybrid trial design
Authors: Garner Bryan R.
Published: December 2022

To address the enduring gap between research and practice, there is a need to improve the speed and efficiency of research across the translational research spectrum. In 2012, the effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial design (HTD) was codified as a design with the potential to improve the speed and efficiency of translation, especially as part of T2 (clinical research) translational research. Building on this and other recent efforts to stimulate greater use of this novel HTD, the current article highlights an innovative application of each effectiveness-implementation HTD type. The completed application of the Type 1 effectiveness-implementation HTD tested the effectiveness of a clinical intervention for reducing HIV viral load and retaining people with HIV in care, as well as conducted a longitudinal mixed-methods examination to test for significant changes over time in three key measures of context, and economic evaluation of the clinical intervention. The completed application of the Type 2 effectiveness-implementation HTD used a dual-randomized design to simultaneously test the effectiveness of a clinical intervention for addressing substance use disorder among people with HIV and effectiveness of a blended strategy called the Implementation and Sustainment Facilitation (ISF) Strategy. This Type 2 hybrid trial was also innovative due to its focus on both sustainment and economic outcomes. The innovative Type 3 application (funded in 2008 and completed in 2012) tested the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of using pay-for-performance to improve both implementation outcomes and client outcomes. This article also codifies a HTD called the Dissemination, Implementation, effectiveness, Sustainment, Economics, and Level-of-scaling (DIeSEL) HTD.
Role of the human vaginal microbiota in the regulation of inflammation and sexually transmitted infection acquisition: Contribution of the non-human primate model to a better understanding?
Authors: Adapen Cindy , Réot Louis , Menu Elisabeth
Published: December 2022

The human vaginal microbiota has a central role in the regulation of the female reproductive tract (FRT) inflammation. Indeed, on one hand an optimal environment leading to a protection against sexually transmitted infections (STI) is associated with a high proportion of Lactobacillus spp. (eubiosis). On the other hand, a more diverse microbiota with a high amount of non-Lactobacillus spp. (dysbiosis) is linked to a higher local inflammation and an increased STI susceptibility. The composition of the vaginal microbiota is influenced by numerous factors that may lead to a dysbiotic environment. In this review, we first discuss how the vaginal microbiota composition affects the local inflammation with a focus on the cytokine profiles, the immune cell recruitment/phenotype and a large part devoted on the interactions between the vaginal microbiota and the neutrophils. Secondly, we analyze the interplay between STI and the vaginal microbiota and describe several mechanisms of action of the vaginal microbiota. Finally, the input of the NHP model in research focusing on the FRT health including vaginal microbiota or STI acquisition/control and treatment is discussed.
Efficacy of a between-session homework component delivered digitally for the treatment of adjustment disorders: Results from a pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Quero Soledad , Díaz-García Amanda , Fernández-Buendía Sara , Molés Mar , Tur Cintia , Castilla Diana , Cuijpers Pim , Botella Cristina
Published: December 2022

Background: Adjustment Disorder (AjD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed mental disorders worldwide. However, there is still no treatment of choice for this problem. One of the first treatment programs specifically designed for AjD is the one presented in this study, a CBT protocol that uses Virtual Reality (VR) to improve patients’ adherence. Another key aspect to improve treatment outcomes is the use of between-sessions homework. However, little is known about how to increase patient engagement with these tasks. The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can help patients to see homework as less demanding and provides greater flexibility. A previous study tested the feasibility of TEO (Online Emotional Therapy), a program to implement online homework during treatment. The aim of this study is to present session-to-session efficacy data from the homework assignment component and the patients’ preferences and opinions about this component in both formats (Traditional vs. TEO).

Methods: A two-arm pilot randomised clinical trial (RCT) was conducted with 57 patients with AjD. The two groups received the same CBT intervention with VR support, but one group completed homework in the traditional way and the other using TEO. Mood, self-efficacy and positive and negative emotions were measured to test the effect of the homework component in each treatment session. Preferences about the homework format were also assessed before and after treatment.

Results: Both types of administration produced significant improvements in mood, self-efficacy and emotional variables after completion of the homework component and before and after each homework session. Effect sizes ranged from small to large, with no differences between groups. Regarding the acceptability of the program, most participants preferred the TEO condition both before starting the treatment and after completing the homework assignment. Overall, participants were satisfied with all homework sessions and found them useful. Again, no significant differences were found between groups.

Conclusion: This is the first time that the effect of an online homework program during AjD treatment has been tested. It is proposed that this way of implementing homework could be as effective as the traditional format, but would be preferred by patients.

Clinical Trial Registration:clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02452411
pyGPI5: A python D- and E-region chemistry and ionization model
Authors: Kaeppler Stephen R. , Marshall Robert , Sanchez Ennio R. , Juarez Madera Diana H. , Troyer Riley , Jaynes Allison N.
Published: December 2022

We present a Python implementation of a D- and E-region chemistry and ionization code called pyGPI5. Particle precipitation that penetrates into the E- and D-region of the ionosphere-thermosphere causes significant enhancements of the electron density. Dissociative recombination of molecular ions with electrons is the primary electron loss mechanism in the E-region, down to approximately 85 km. However, below 85 km, chemical processes become significantly more complicated with positive and negative ions being generated in addition to electrons. The complex D-region ion chemistry has been known for many decades. We present a formulation to quantify the concentrations of four ion species composed of positive and negative, light and heavy ions, and the electrons. The implementation we describe in this investigation solves five ordinary stiff differential equations simultaneously. We present an overview of the code, along with discussions of the reaction rates, and assumptions used in the model. We describe an implementation of the electron transport model to quantify the altitude ionization profile caused by energetic particle precipitation. We show how to instantiate the model, generate the ion and electron profiles as a function of altitude for background conditions, how to generate altitude ionization profiles, and running the code to produce ion and electron profiles caused by energetic particle precipitation. Recent investigations that have used a D-region chemistry model are discussed, along with some applications.
The spectral features and detectability of small, cyclic silicon carbide clusters
Authors: Sehring Christopher M. , Palmer C. Zachary , Westbrook Brent R. , Fortenberry Ryan C.
Published: December 2022

Rovibrational spectral data for several tetra-atomic silicon carbide clusters (TASCCs) are computed in this work using a CCSD(T)-F12b/cc-pCVTZ-F12 quartic force field. Accurate theoretical spectroscopic data may facilitate the observation of TASCCs in the interstellar medium which may lead to a more complete understanding of how the smallest silicon carbide (SiC) solids are formed. Such processes are essential for understanding SiC dust grain formation. Due to SiC dust prevalence in the interstellar medium, this may also shed light on subsequent planetary formation. Rhomboidal Si2C2 is shown here to have a notably intense (247 km mol−1) anharmonic vibrational frequency at 988.1 cm−1 (10.1 μm) for ν2, falling into one of the spectral emission features typically associated with unknown infrared bands of various astronomical regions. Notable intensities are also present for several of the computed anharmonic vibrational frequencies including the cyclic forms of C4, SiC3, Si3C, and Si4. These features in the 6–10 μm range are natural targets for infrared observation with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)’s MIRI instrument. Additionally, t-Si2C2, d-Si3C, and r-SiC3 each possess dipole moments of greater than 2.0 D making them interesting targets for radioastronomical searches especially since d-SiC3 is already known in astrophysical media.
Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in dairy farms: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khanal Shrijana , Boonyayatra Sukolrat , Awaiwanont Nattakarn
Published: December 2022

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is an opportunistic bacterium that causes many human and animal infections worldwide. MRSA infections are classified as priority infections owing to their high morbidity and mortality, with a significant risk of zoonotic transmission. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of MRSA in dairy cattle farms and its heterogeneity. Relevant studies were retrieved from three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The pooled prevalence of MRSA in dairy farms was estimated using a random-effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to assess the probable sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were also performed. A total of 94 articles were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of MRSA was estimated to be 3.81% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 2.61–5.20] with significantly high heterogeneity (I2= 96.6%,p= 0.00). For the subgroup analysis among continents, the prevalence was highest in Asia (4.89%; 95% CI = 2.88–7.35) and lowest in South America (1.33%, 95% CI = 0.00–5.49). As for the year of publication, MRSA prevalence was highest in reports published from 2015 to 2018 (4.36%, 95% CI = 2.41–6.80) and lowest in reports published before 2015 (2.65%, 95% CI = 0.75–5.52). As for sample type, the prevalence of MRSA in cattle milk (3.91%, 95% CI = 2.64–5.39) was higher than that in other sample types (1.19%, 95% CI = 0.05–3.24). These three factors were not significantly associated with the pooled prevalence of MRSA (p> 0.05). Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the prevalence of MRSA has been minimal and consistent in dairy cattle farms over time.
Development of Composite Hydraulic Actuators: A Review
Authors: Lubecki Marek , Stosiak Michał , Skačkauskas Paulius , Karpenko Mykola , Deptuła Adam , Urbanowicz Kamil
Published: December 2022

With the development of engineering materials, as well as the growing requirements for weight reduction and the reduction of energy consumption by mechanical systems, attempts have been made to utilize composite materials in the design of hydraulic cylinders. In many cases, the reduction in the weight of the actuators may lead to a reduction in the values of bending moments acting on the booms of working machines, as well as leading to a reduction in the power demand in drive systems. The use of composite materials can also increase the reliability of cylinders in corrosive environments and places with strong electromagnetic fields. This paper presents the development of hydraulic actuators made of composite materials, presenting both the achievements of research centers and commercial companies. The main research and engineering problems are presented along with the methods of solving them resulting from the literature available. The directions for further research that should be undertaken in order to increase reliability, improve efficiency, and reduce weight are also outlined.
Assessing the Suitability of Multivariate Analysis for Stress Tolerance Indices, Biomass, and Grain Yield for Detecting Salt Tolerance in Advanced Spring Wheat Lines Irrigated with Saline Water under Field Conditions
Authors: Mubushar Muhammad , El-Hendawy Salah , Tahir Muhammad Usman , Alotaibi Majed , Mohammed Nabil , Refay Yahya , Tola ElKamil
Published: December 2022

Successfully evaluating and improving the salt tolerance of genotypes requires an appropriate analysis tool to allow simultaneous analysis of multiple traits and to facilitate the ranking of genotypes across different growth stages and salinity levels. In this study, we evaluate the salt tolerance of 56 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) in the presence of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive control genotypes using multivariate analysis of plant dry weight, measured at 75 (PDW-75) and 90 (PDW-90) days from sowing, biological yield (BY), grain yield (GY), and their salt tolerance indices (STIs). All RILs and genotypes were evaluated under the control and 15 dS m−1 for two consecutive years (2019/2020 and 2020/2021). Results showed significant main effects of salinity and genotype as well as their interactions on four plant traits. Significant genotypic differences were also found for all calculated STIs. STIs exhibited moderate to strong relationships with the four plant traits when measured under either the control or salinity conditions and between each other. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the most variation among all analyzed variables was explained by the first two PCs, with the PC1 and PC2 explained at 61.8–71.8% and at 28.0–38.2% of the total variation, respectively. The PC1 had positive and strong correlations with the four plant traits measured under salinity conditions and STI, YI, REI, SWPI, MRPI, MPI, GMPI, and HMPI. The PC2 had strong correlations with BY and GY measured under the control conditions and SSI, TOL, RSE, and YSI. The PC1 was able to identify the salt-tolerant genotypes, while the PC2 was able to isolate the salt-sensitive ones. Cluster analysis based on multiple traits organized 64 genotypes into four groups varied from salt-tolerant to salt-sensitive genotypes, with the salt-tolerant group attaining higher value for plant traits under salinity conditions and the STIs related to the PC1. In conclusion, the use of multivariate analysis together with the STIs that evaluated the performance of genotypes under contrasting environmental conditions will help breeders to distinguish salt-tolerant genotypes from salt-sensitive ones, even at the early growth stages of plant development.
Data-Driven Artificial Intelligence (AI) Algorithms for Modelling Potential Maize Yield under Maize–Legume Farming Systems in East Africa
Authors: Agboka Komi Mensah , Tonnang Henri E. Z. , Abdel-Rahman Elfatih M. , Odindi John , Mutanga Onisimo , Niassy Saliou
Published: December 2022

Agroecological farming systems such as maize–legume intercropping (MLI) and push-pull technology (PPT) have been introduced to mitigate losses from pests. Nevertheless, the regionwide maize yield gained from practicing such farming systems remains largely unknown. This study compares the performance of two uncomplex and interpretable models, namely the hybrid fuzzy-logic combined with the genetic algorithm and symbolic regression, to predict maize yield. Specifically, the study adopted the best-fitting model to map the potential maize yield under MLI and PPT compared to the monocropping system in East Africa using climatic and edaphic variables. The best model, i.e., the symbolic regression model, accurately fitted the maize yield data as indicated by the low root mean square error (RMSE < 0.09) and the higher R2 (>0.9). The study estimated that East African farmers would increase their annual maize yield by about 1.01 and 1.96 rates under MLI and PPT, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed a fairly good modelling performance as indicated by low standard deviations (range of 0.70–1.1) and skewness (absolute range of 0.03–0.09) values. The study guides the upscaling of MLI and PPT systems through awareness creation and public-private partnerships to ensure increased adoption of these sustainable farming practices.
A Missing Flexor Digitorum Brevis Tendon and Its Relationship to Sex and Ancestry: Evaluation in Hispanic Population
Authors: Quiñones-Rodriguez Jailenne I. , Mantilla-Rosa Cristian , Rodríguez Félix , Villamil Catalina I. , Fernández Juan , González-Solá Maryvi , Torres-Toro Cristhian , Rosario Martin G.
Published: December 2022

Background: The flexor digitorum brevis tendon to the fifth digit is frequently absent, and this absence is typically an incidental discovery during dissection or surgical studies. This study aimed to assess the frequency of a missing flexor digitorum brevis tendon in a Hispanic population for the first time, the association between the absence of the flexor digitorum brevis tendon, variables such as sex and ethnicity, and the functional implications of an absent tendon. Methods: Our sample consists of 30 cadavers whose feet were dissected and examined for the presence or absence of the digiti minimi tendon. Results: We found no significant relationship between the presence or absence of the tendon to sex or ethnicity. However, due to a lack of significant effects on human ambulation from the absence of this tendon, and the ability of adjacent muscles to adapt to its absence, the absence of this tendon might become increasingly prevalent over time. Conclusions: Knowledge of the frequency of flexor digitorum brevis variations concerning the demographic characteristics of patients would be of clinical importance for tendon repair, tendon transfer to correct deformities such as claw toe or hammer toe, or soft tissue reconstruction in foot surgery.
Sex Differences in Fecal Microbiome Composition and Function of Dromedary Camels in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elbir Haitham , Alhumam Naser Abdullah
Published: December 2022

The gastrointestinal microbiome plays a significant role in diet digestion and the energy production of its host. Several factors that affect the gastrointestinal microbiota composition were studied in camels. Yet, the impact of sex on the gastrointestinal bacteriome of camels remains unexplored to date. In this perspective, the fecal microbiome community composition from dromedary camels was determined in 10 male and 10 female samples using the 16S rRNA amplicon, in order to estimate if this was influenced by sex. The core microbiome in females contained 284 bacterial OTUs and one archaeal OUT, whereas in males, it contained 279 bacterial OTUs and one archaeal OTU. In females, Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes were significantly more abundant than in male camels, whereas Lentisphaerae and Euryarchaeota were significantly abundant in males. According to Principal Coordinate Analysis and UPGMA clustering, grouping with respect to sex was observed. The functional prediction results showed differences such as energy production and conversion, and that the cell wall/membrane/envelope were enriched in female camels. The fecal microbiome of male camels was rich in amino acid, lipid transport and metabolism.