bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metathesis reactions of rapeseed oil‐derived fatty acid methyl esters induced by monometallic and homobimetallic ruthenium complexes
Authors: Öztürk Bengi Özgün , Topoğlu Beyza , Karabulut Şehitoğlu Solmaz
Published: October 2014

In this study, homobimetallic ruthenium alkylidene complexes were used for the self‐metathesis and ethenolysis reactions of methyl oleate and rapeseed oil‐derived FAME mixtures. The activity and selectivity of homobimetallic ruthenium alkylidene complexes were also compared with their monometallic analogs. It has been determined that homobimetallic complexes bearing phosphine and N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands are more active and selective catalysts than their monometallic analogs for self‐metathesis and ethenolysis reactions of rapeseed FAME mixture. Homobimetallic ruthenium complexes showed superior selectivity at 25°C toward these reactions. Conversion values of 99% with 96% selectivity toward ethenolysis products were observed by using homobimetallic ruthenium complexes. In addition to these superiorities, relatively lower amounts of double bond isomerization side‐products were obtained by using homobimetallic complexes. This catalytic approach represents a unique example for metathesis transformation of FAME mixtures at relatively low temperature (25°C) and ethylene pressure (1 atm) with high selectivity using homobimetallic ruthenium alkylidene complexes.

Practical applications: This study reports the selective transformation of rapeseed oil‐derived FAME by ethenolysis reactions catalyzed by homobimetallic ruthenium alkylidene complexes. Industrially important terminal olefins as well as new polymer precursors can be synthesized in a selective manner using these catalytic systems.

Ethenolysis reactions of rapeseed oil‐derived fatty acid methyl ester mixture, catalyzed by homobimetallic ruthenium alkylidene complexes exhibit high selectivity at RT.
Manifold regularized multitask feature learning for multimodality disease classification
Authors: Jie Biao , Zhang Daoqiang , Cheng Bo , Shen Dinggang ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2014

Multimodality based methods have shown great advantages in classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage, that is, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Recently, multitask feature selection methods are typically used for joint selection of common features across multiple modalities. However, one disadvantage of existing multimodality based methods is that they ignore the useful data distribution information in each modality, which is essential for subsequent classification. Accordingly, in this paper we propose a manifold regularized multitask feature learning method to preserve both the intrinsic relatedness among multiple modalities of data and the data distribution information in each modality. Specifically, we denote the feature learning on each modality as a single task, and use group‐sparsity regularizer to capture the intrinsic relatedness among multiple tasks (i.e., modalities) and jointly select the common features from multiple tasks. Furthermore, we introduce a new manifold‐based Laplacian regularizer to preserve the data distribution information from each task. Finally, we use the multikernel support vector machine method to fuse multimodality data for eventual classification. Conversely, we also extend our method to the semisupervised setting, where only partial data are labeled. We evaluate our method using the baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data of subjects from AD neuroimaging initiative database. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can not only achieve improved classification performance, but also help to discover the disease‐related brain regions useful for disease diagnosis.Hum Brain Mapp 36:489–507, 2015. ©2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Realisation and characterization of conductive hollow fibers for neuronal tissue engineering
Authors: Gattazzo Francesca , De Maria Carmelo , Whulanza Yudan , Taverni Gemma , Ahluwalia Arti , Vozzi Giovanni
Published: October 2014

In this article, conductive hollow fibers have been fabricated using melt spinning technique. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) have been used to fabricate conductive poly‐caprolactone (PCL) composites. The hollow fibers have inner and outer diameter in the range of 300 µm and 500 µm, respectively. Critical parameters to tune the dimension of hollow fibers have been defined following two‐dimensions mathematical model. Evaluation of the mechanical properties showed that the incorporation of 1–3 wt % MWNTs and 5–8 wt % P3HT increased Young Modulus of 10% and 20% respectively, compared with pure PCL. The electrical property assessment demonstrated that a minimum incorporation of 3 wt % MWNT and 8 wt % P3HT in PCL matrix transformed composite materials into conductive materials. In addition, SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were seeded on the fabricated samples an their adhesion, proliferation and neurite length growth were analysed. In particular we observed that these materials promoted cell activities and in particular on MWNT/PCL composites there was a significant increase of neurite growth. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1107–1119, 2015.
Autologous resurfacing
Authors: Draenert Klaus , Draenert Yvette
Published: October 2014

Background: There is a discrepancy between the interest in joint‐reconstructions and the current knowledge about the healing‐processes involved. Major reconstructions are performed with osteosynthesized allografts and fresh allografts for cartilage. Objectives: The main question to be answered is: what do we know about metaphyseal and epiphyseal cancellous bone healing, contact healing of the subchondral bone and its influence on cartilage healing? Can we achieve healing of all four compartments in contact? Purpose: The purpose is to systematically investigate through animal testing the healing processes of metaphyseal and epiphyseal bone, including the subchondral bone and the healing of cartilage of press‐fit‐inserted grafts, considering nondemineralized high‐resolution histology. Material and Methods: Primary cancellous‐bone healing of osteosynthesized hemi‐osteotomies was studied in 13 canine tibial heads, the contact healing was investigated in 7 dogs and 18 giant‐rabbits comparing contact‐healing of press‐fit‐inserted autologs cylindrical grafts with empty defects applying the wet‐grinding diamond‐technology. Bench‐experiments on the epiphyseal bones of swine including pullout‐tests of cylindrical grafts formed the basis for validation of that press‐fit diamond technology. Results: Primary metaphyseal and epiphyseal contact healing, including hyaline cartilage, was found in all compartments of the meta‐and epiphysis in the precisely performed experiments. The press‐fit principle, which employs cylindrical grafts and diamond instrumentation featuring a difference of 15/100 mm between graft and recipient bed, achieved high loads between 73.48 and 178.95 N (mean value 118.16 and standard deviation 32.79) in the pullout tests. Conclusion: Autologous press‐fit grafting with alignment of the bony baseplate using wet‐grinding precision has attained promising histo‐morphological results. Microsc. Res. Tech., 78:40–51, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deep sequencing analysis of microRNAs in bovine sperm
Authors: Du Yue , Wang Xiangguo , Wang Bo , Chen Wuju , He Rongjun , Zhang Lei , Xing Xupeng , Su Jianmin , Wang Yongsheng , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2014

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that participates in the regulation of many physiological pathways, but a role for spermatozoon‐delivered miRNAs in fertilization and embryonic development remains controversial. A library of miRNAs in bovine sperm was constructed using Illumina high‐throughput sequencing technology, along with the predication and the pathway analysis of target genes. miRNAs in mammalian spermatozoon were systematically investigated, and a protocol for RNA isolation from the cauda region of an epididymal biopsy was established. Unique sequences that were 18–26 nucleotides in length were mapped to specific precursors in miRBase 20.0 using BLAST. A total of 951 known miRNAs and 8 novel, highly expressed miRNA candidates were identified. The search for endogenous sperm miRNAs will contribute to a preliminary database for functional and molecular mechanistic studies in embryonic development and sperm epigenetic programming. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 1042–1052, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discontinuous variational time integrators for complex multibody collisions
Authors: Johnson G. , Leyendecker S. , Ortiz M.
Published: October 2014

The objective of the present work is to formulate a new class of discontinuous variational time integrators that allow the system to adopt two possibly different configurations at each sampling time tk, representing predictor and corrector configurations of the system. The resulting sequence of configuration pairs then represents a discontinuous—or non‐classical—trajectory. Continuous or classical trajectories are recovered simply by enforcing a continuity constraint at all times. In particular, in systems subject to one‐sided contact constraints simulated via discontinuous variational time integrators, the predictor configuration is not required to satisfy the one‐sided constraints, whereas the corrector configuration is obtained by a closest‐point projection (CPP) onto the admissible set. The resulting trajectories are generally discontinuous, or non‐classical, but are expected to converge to classical or continuous solutions for decreasing time steps. We account for dissipation, including friction, by means of a discrete Lagrange–d'Alembert principle, and make extensive use of the spacetime formalism in order to ensure exact energy conservation in conservative systems, and the right rate of energy decay in dissipative systems. The structure, range and scope of the discontinuous variational time integrators, and their accuracy characteristics are illustrated by means of examples of application concerned with rigid multibody dynamics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphometric Assessment of the Appendicular Skeleton in the New Kingdom and Napatan Components from Tombos in Upper Nubia
Authors: Gibbon V. E. , Buzon M. R.
Published: October 2014

Due to its critical location on the Nile River controlling trade from the south, Tombos is an important ancient site to explore the interaction between Egyptians and Nubians. To assess population continuity at Tombos through sociopolitical transitions, the appendicular skeleton of people from the New Kingdom and Napatan periods was examined. Using morphometric and statistical analyses, body proportions on the upper and lower limbs were studied on each element through size (i.e. length, breadth, and width) and shape (bone's measurements with size removed). The Napatan component (when Nubia ruled Egypt) was consistently larger in size than the earlier New Kingdom component (when Egypt ruled Nubia), with little variation in shape. More variability in both size and shape was observed in males. When compared with other Nubians (C‐group and Kerma) and Egyptians (Middle and New Kingdom), the Tombos Napatan sample (males and females) was generally larger, whereas the Tombos New Kingdom sample was generally smaller than other Nubians and similar in size to Egyptians. Some of the variability between the Tombos samples may be the result of gene flow, or rather changes in migration to the area through time and sociopolitics. However, the numerous differences in size with few in shape provide more support for an environmental explanation since size is more susceptible to nutritional stress, disease, and physical activity.

These results show that the people of Tombos underwent biological alterations during these major sociopolitical changes from Egyptian rule over Nubia during the New Kingdom to Nubia ruling Egypt during the Napatan period. This study also demonstrates that morphometric analyses of multiple bones and measurements are an important supplement to other bioarchaeological analyses to provide a broader of view of physical changes that occur over time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical and physical properties of epoxy resin based nanocomposites reinforced with polyamine functionalized carbon nanotubes
Authors: Visco A.M. , Pistone A. , Brancato V. , Iannazzo D. , Fazio M.
Published: October 2014

This article concerns the effect of polyamine functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT, 0.4 wt%) used as filler in epoxy based nanocomposites on their mechanical and physical features. The functional chains present on CNT, containing one, three, or five amino groups, were bound in similar molar amount on the CNT external walls, as verified by characterization tests. Mechanical and physical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by means of flexural, wet ability, calorimetric, morphologic, and electrical measurements. Experimental results highlighted that the presence of the amino groups attached on the CNT improves both their dispersion and chemical interaction with the matrix. Both these factors enhance the mechanical strength, deformability and wet ability of the nanocomposites compared to the neat resin which retains its thermal stability. The highest enhancement in maximum flexural strength and elongation at break (of +31% and of +110%, respectively) was observed in the nanocomposite containing the penta—amino chain while the glass transition temperature value increased of 27%. POLYM. COMPOS. 37:1007–1015, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mapping the Activity and Evolution of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps by Tasselled Cap Trend Analysis of a Landsat Satellite Image Stack
Authors: Brooker Alexander , Fraser Robert H. , Olthof Ian , Kokelj Steve V. , Lacelle Denis
Published: October 2014

Retrogressive thaw slumps are a dominant agent of geomorphic change in ice‐rich permafrost landscapes and may remain active for decades. Previous studies of slump activity have used aerial photographs and/or high‐resolution satellite images acquired at (multi)‐decadal time intervals. This study investigates if the calculation of the three Tasselled Cap transformations (brightness, greenness and wetness) from a dense stack of Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ images can be used to identify slump activity and map slump evolution at near‐annual resolution. Results obtained from analysis of slumps in the Richardson Mountains‐Peel Plateau region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, suggest that Tasselled Cap linear trend images effectively identify both active and stable thaw slumps. In addition, the analysis of single‐date Tasselled Cap values at the pixel level can be used to map the initiation, growth and stabilisation of slumps at near‐annual timescales. The Tasselled Cap trend analysis method therefore offers the possibility to: (1) map the distribution of thaw slumps by activity level (active, stable or relict); (2) derive headwall retreat rates at near‐annual resolution; and (3) determine patterns of stabilisation and re‐vegetation over the period of available Landsat images. The rich temporal information provided by Landsat analysis complements conventional, higher spatial resolution (but lower temporal resolution) methods that map slumps from pairs of aerial photographs and high‐resolution satellite imagery. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of Cox‐1, 5‐, 12‐ and 15‐Lox by Popular Herbal Remedies Used in Southern Italy Against Psoriasis and Other Skin Diseases
Authors: Bader Ammar , Martini Francesca , Schinella Guillermo R. , Rios Jose L. , Prieto Jose M.
Published: October 2014

Acanthus mollis (Acanthaceae), Achillea ligustica, Artemisia arborescens and Inula viscosa (Asteraceae) are used in Southern Italy against psoriasis and other skin diseases that occur with an imbalanced production of eicosanoids. We here assessed their in vitro effects upon 5‐, 12‐, 15‐LOX and COX‐1 enzymes as well as NFκB activation in intact cells as their possible therapeutic targets. All methanol crude extracts inhibited both 5‐LOX and COX‐1 activities under 200 µg/mL, without significant effects on the 12‐LOX pathway or any relevant in vitro free radical scavenging activity. NFκB activation was prevented by all extracts but A. mollis. Interestingly, A. ligustica, A. arborescens and A. mollis increased the biosynthesis of 15(S)‐HETE, an anti‐inflammatory eicosanoid. A. ligustica (IC50 = 49.5 µg/mL) was superior to Silybum marianum (IC50 = 147.8 µg/mL), which we used as antipsoriatic herbal medicine of reference. Its n‐hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions had also inhibitory effects on the LTB4 biosynthesis (IC50s = 9.6, 20.3 and 68 µg/mL, respectively) evidencing that the apolar extracts of A. ligustica are promising active herbal ingredients for future phytotherapeutical products targeting psoriasis. © 2014 The Authors. Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Criminal offending among males and females between ages 15 and 30 in a population‐based nationwide 1981 birth cohort: Results from the FinnCrime Study
Authors: Elonheimo Henrik , Gyllenberg David , Huttunen Jukka , Ristkari Terja , Sillanmäki Lauri , Sourander André
Published: October 2014

We describe the epidemiology of crime between ages 15 and 30 in a population‐based sample. We received police register data for 5405 males and females, representing the children born in Finland in 1981. We classified crimes into drug, violent, property, traffic, drunk driving, and sexual crimes, excluding minor traffic offenses. Of males, 60% and of females, 25% were registered for offending. For males, prevalence peaked in late adolescence, while for females, there was no peak age. Offending frequency remained stable for male offenders but was lower among adolescent female offenders. All crime types overlapped each other. Crime accumulated: 1% committed 34% of male and 56% of female offenses. In conclusion, the adolescent peak in offending reflects peaking prevalence among males, not females, nor frequency of offending among offenders. The crime problem is focused on two key groups: late adolescent males and the few males and females in whom crime concentrates.
Hrr25 phosphorylates the autophagic receptor Atg34 to promote vacuolar transport of α‐mannosidase under nitrogen starvation conditions
Authors: Mochida Keisuke , Ohsumi Yoshinori , Nakatogawa Hitoshi
Published: October 2014

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, under nitrogen‐starvation conditions, the α‐mannosidase Ams1 is recognized by the autophagic receptor Atg34 and transported into the vacuole, where it functions as an active enzyme. In this study, we identified Hrr25 as the kinase that phosphorylates Atg34 under these conditions. Hrr25‐mediated phosphorylation does not affect the interaction of Atg34 with Ams1, but instead promotes Atg34 binding to the adaptor protein Atg11, which recruits the autophagy machinery to the Ams1–Atg34 complex, resulting in activation of the vacuolar transport of Ams1. Our findings reveal the regulatory mechanism of a biosynthetic pathway mediated by the autophagy machinery.
Old Public Health goes Next Generation: Die Vernetzung von Infektionsepidemiologie und Public Health Microbiology
Authors: Sing Andreas
Published: October 2014

Einleitung

Angesichts der Weiterentwicklung molekularbiologischer Typisierungsverfahren inkl. des Next Generation Sequencing sind nicht nur Mikrobiologie und Genetik methodisch in eine Next Generation eingetreten. Auch in der Infektionsepidemiologie als klassischem Bestandteil von Old Public Health werden aufgrund moderner molekularbiologischer Methoden über eine interdisziplinäre Vernetzung von (nicht nur naturwissenschaftlich verstandener) Mikrobiologie und (nicht nur sozialwissenschaftlich verstandener) Epidemiologie neue Tätigkeitsfelder entstehen.
ÖGD quo vadis: Bild einer besseren Zukunft
Authors: Szagun Bertram
Published: October 2014

Einleitung

Megatrends zeigen die steigende Bedeutung der allostatischen Last im Krankheitspanorama und unterstreichen damit die alte Erkenntnis, dass Gesundheit v.a. sozial determiniert wird. Der Schlüssel zu einer besseren Zukunft des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes ist daher ein soziales und planerisches Profil auf Basis einer offensiv multidisziplinären Personalpolitik. Der dies stützende fachübergreifende wissenschaftliche ÖGD-Verband erwüchse daraus wahrscheinlich von selbst. Nur Mut, ÖGD!
ÖGD: Dienst an der Öffentlichen Gesundheit
Authors: Zapf Andreas , Kuhn Joseph , Wildner Manfred
Published: October 2014

Einleitung

Die Tätigkeitsfelder des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes erleben eine zunehmende Annäherung an verschiedenste Public Health Anwendungsfelder. Daraus ergeben sich Perspektiven für eine sowohl inhaltliche als auch methodische gemeinsame Weiterentwicklung von ÖGD und Public Health im 21. Jahrhundert.
Defining the optimal gradient doped :YAG disk for room and low temperature diode pumped solid-state laser operations
Authors: Chanteloup J.-C. , Arzakantsyan M. , Marrazzo S.
Published: October 2014

We propose a general methodology to define the optimum doping ion volume distribution required for an efficient solid-state laser amplifier. This approach is illustrated in the context of two experimental diode pumped Yb:YAG amplifiers operating at 300 and 160 K. Processing of such tailored gain media is now possible through horizontal direct crystallization.
Youth, Generations, and Collective Action in Nineteenth-Century Ireland and Italy
Authors: Whelehan Niall
Published: October 2014

This article examines concepts of youth, maturity, and generations in nineteenth-century Ireland and Italy and perceived connections between young people and political and social unrest. I demonstrate that, rather than being consistent, the involvement of younger generations in radicalism was uneven, and varied significantly with historical contexts. I argue that the authorities frequently exaggerated associations between young people and radicalism as a subtle strategy of exclusion, as a means of downgrading the significance of collective action and portraying it as a criminal, emotional, or even recreational matter rather than a political one, a tendency that has often been reinforced in the historiography. Descriptions of youth and maturity should not be understood as merely reflections of age. They were not value-free, and served as indicators of individuals' social standing and political agency or lack thereof. Yet fighting in a rebellion offered an alternative to marriage, owning property, or education for the achievement of “manhood,” or adult status and political agency. The article also investigates how the Great Irish Famine shaped generational consciousness in the second half of the nineteenth century through an analysis of the participants in nationalist and agrarian violence. In all, over four thousand participants in collective action in Ireland and Italy are examined.
Remarks on the identification of the Albian/Cenomanian boundary and taxonomic clarification of the planktonic foraminifera index speciesglobotruncanoides, brotzeniandtehamaensis
Authors: PETRIZZO MARIA ROSE , CARON MICHÈLE , PREMOLI SILVA ISABELLA
Published: October 2014

The planktonic foraminifera assemblage across the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Cenomanian Stage defined at Mont Risou (Haute-Alpes in France) is here restudied to clarify the identification and stratigraphic distribution ofThalmanninella globotruncanoides( =Rotalipora globotruncanoidesSigal, 1948) andPseudothalmanninella tehamaensis( =Rotalipora tehamaensisMarianos & Zingula, 1966) whose appearance levels are primary and secondary criteria for placing the Albian/Cenomanian boundary. Since the ratification of the GSSP in 2002, the identification of the foraminifera index species across the Albian/Cenomanian boundary has been reported to be sometimes difficult either because of their rarity or uncertainty in the taxonomic identifications. We discuss the taxonomic status ofThalmanninella brotzeniSigal 1948, a species regarded for a long time to be a junior synonym ofTh. globotruncanoides, through images of Sigal's type materials deposited at the Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris), and elucidate the taxonomically important characters that enable unequivocal identification ofTh. brotzeni, Th. globotruncanoidesandPs. tehamaensis. Planktonic foraminifera marker species from Mont Risou are compared with well-preserved specimens from Blake Nose Plateau (ODP 171B, North Western Atlantic Ocean) to verify the reliability and stratigraphic distribution of these marker taxa outside the Mediterranean Tethyan area.
Rupture solutions of an elliptic equation with a singular nonlinearity
Authors: Guo Zongming , Wei Juncheng
Published: October 2014

We obtain infinitely many non-radial rupture solutions of the equation

with

by constructing infinitely many radially symmetric regular solutions of the equation on SN−1:
Measure-valued solutions for models of ferroelectric materials
Authors: Kraynyukova Nataliya , Nesenenko Sergiy
Published: October 2014

In this work we study the solvability of the initial boundary-value problems that model the quasi-static nonlinear behaviour of ferroelectric materials. Similar to the metal plasticity, the energy functional of a ferroelectric material can be additively decomposed into reversible and remanent parts. The remanent part associated with the remanent state of the material is assumed to be a convex non-quadratic function f of internal variables. In this work we introduce the notion of the measure-valued solutions for the ferroelectric models, and show their existence in the rate-dependent case, assuming the coercivity of the function f. Regularizing the energy functional by a quadratic positive-definite term, which can be viewed as hardening, we show the existence of measure-valued solutions for the rate-independent and rate-dependent problems, avoiding the coercivity assumption on f.
Graphology and psychiatric diagnosis: Is the writing on the wall?
Authors: Davoren Mary , Sherrard Natalie , Breen Eugene , Kelly Brendan D.
Published: October 2014

Objective: To review the role of handwriting analysis in psychiatry.

Method: Case-report and review of key papers.

Results: M, a 27-year-old man, presented with incoherent speech, palilalia, logoclonia, incongruous affect, paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations. M was diagnosed with schizophrenia and cannabis misuse, complicated by speech and language difficulties. M spent long periods writing on pieces of paper; towards the start of his admission, his writing was unintelligible but became more intelligible as his psychosis resolved. M's handwriting demonstrates clinical features of psychosis (e.g. clang associations) and graphological abnormalities associated with schizophrenia in the literature (rigidity in letter-formation, mechanical expressions, and tendency toward over-use of straight lines).

Conclusion: Analysis of handwriting is likely to play a limited role in psychiatric diagnosis but may prove useful in monitoring clinical improvement in certain patients.
Mobilizing Candidates: Political Actors Strategically Shape the Candidate Pool with Personal Appeals
Authors: Broockman David E.
Published: October 2014

Politicians' personal beliefs and backgrounds strongly influence politics and policy. But why do individuals with particular beliefs and backgrounds tend to run for office and become politicians? This paper argues that parties and interest groups strategically shape the candidate pool from which voters choose by mobilizing certain individuals to run for office, much like they strategically shape the electorate by mobilizing like-minded individuals to vote. Supporting this view, I first unearth decades of previously disparate evidence suggesting that candidate mobilization efforts are widespread. I then present results from an experiment embedded in an actual candidate mobilization effort that finds encouragement to run for office can meaningfully increase interest in candidacy. Implications and opportunities for further research are discussed.
Voters Don't Care Much About Incumbency
Authors: Brown Adam R.
Published: October 2014

US House incumbents enjoy profound electoral advantages, yet existing research has not asked whether individual voters actually prefer incumbents over newcomers, other things being equal. Instead, existing research has focused on showing that other things are not equal by emphasizing the structural advantages that incumbents enjoy. Political scientists, economists, and pundits have frequently speculated that voters either reward or punish incumbency, even when structural advantages are ignored. A randomized survey experiment administered in two waves to 1,976 respondents suggests that voters respond only minimally—if at all—to incumbency status once the structural advantages are held constant. Voters do not exhibit a strong general preference either for or against incumbency.
Stable-isotope probing and metagenomics reveal predation by protozoa drives E. coli removal in slow sand filters
Authors: Haig Sarah-Jane , Schirmer Melanie , D’Amore Rosalinda , Gibbs Joseph , Davies Robert L , Collins Gavin , Quince Christopher
Published: October 2014

Stable-isotope probing and metagenomics were applied to study samples taken from laboratory-scale slow sand filters 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after challenging with 13C-labelled Escherichia coli to determine the mechanisms and organisms responsible for coliform removal. Before spiking, the filters had been continuously operated for 7 weeks using water from the River Kelvin, Glasgow as their influent source. Direct counts and quantitative PCR assays revealed a clear predator–prey response between protozoa and E. coli. The importance of top-down trophic-interactions was confirmed by metagenomic analysis, identifying several protozoan and viral species connected to E. coli attrition, with protozoan grazing responsible for the majority of the removal. In addition to top-down mechanisms, indirect mechanisms, such as algal reactive oxygen species-induced lysis, and mutualistic interactions between algae and fungi, were also associated with coliform removal. The findings significantly further our understanding of the processes and trophic interactions underpinning E. coli removal. This study provides an example for similar studies, and the opportunity to better understand, manage and enhance E. coli removal by allowing the creation of more complex trophic interaction models.
Diurnal suppression of EGFR signalling by glucocorticoids and implications for tumour progression and treatment
Authors: Lauriola Mattia , Enuka Yehoshua , Zeisel Amit , D’Uva Gabriele , Roth Lee , Sharon-Sevilla Michal , Lindzen Moshit , Sharma Kirti , Nevo Nava , Feldman Morris , Carvalho Silvia , Cohen-Dvashi Hadas , Kedmi Merav , Ben-Chetrit Nir , Chen Alon , Solmi Rossella , Wiemann Stefan , Schmitt Fernando , Domany Eytan , Yarden Yosef
Published: October 2014

Signal transduction by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and nuclear receptors for steroid hormones is essential for body homeostasis, but the cross-talk between these receptor families is poorly understood. We observed that glucocorticoids inhibit signalling downstream of EGFR, an RTK. The underlying mechanism entails suppression of EGFR’s positive feedback loops and simultaneous triggering of negative feedback loops that normally restrain EGFR. Our studies in mice reveal that the regulation of EGFR’s feedback loops by glucocorticoids translates to circadian control of EGFR signalling: EGFR signals are suppressed by high glucocorticoids during the active phase (night-time in rodents), while EGFR signals are enhanced during the resting phase. Consistent with this pattern, treatment of animals bearing EGFR-driven tumours with a specific kinase inhibitor was more effective if administered during the resting phase of the day, when glucocorticoids are low. These findings support a circadian clock-based paradigm in cancer therapy.
Bioactive Macrocycles from Nature
Authors: Newman David J. , Cragg Gordon M.
Published: October 2014

Three broad chemical classes of bioactive macrocyclic natural products are discussed in this chapter: macrolidic antibiotics, macrolides that have antitumor or immunological effects and cyclic peptides that may or may not contain lactone (depsipeptide ) linkages. In a number of cases, particularly from marine sources, they have been identified from assessment of biosynthetic clusters discovered through analysis of the genomes of symbiotic microbes. Examples are given from each of these groups, including short introductions to ansamycin-type Hsp90 inhibitors and the myxobacterial metabolites, the epothilones. Due to the fact that a number of molecules isolated from one source maybe produced by another or even a consortium, the molecules are grouped for discussion according to their biological activities rather than their nominal source(s). Also briefly discussed are some synthetic studies on macrocycles, in some cases de novo synthetic and, in others, based upon natural product structures.
A study of the effect of organic solvents on the fluorescence signal in a sequential injection analysis system
Authors: Bolinová P. , Šrámková I. , Sklenářová H. , Acebal C. C. , Fernández Band B. S. , Solich P.
Published: October 2014

Effects of different solvents, pH adjustment and UV decomposition on the metsulfuron methyl fluorescence intensity were studied in a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system.
Organic–inorganic hybrid materials: nanoparticle containing organogels with myriad applications
Authors: Peveler William J. , Bear Joseph C. , Southern Paul , Parkin Ivan P.
Published: October 2014

Remouldable, recyclable, hybrid materials from a low molecular weight organogelator and nanomaterials have diverse practical applications.
Bestowing structure upon the pores of a supramolecular network
Authors: Karamzadeh Baharan , Eaton Thomas , Cebula Izabela , Torres David Muñoz , Neuburger Markus , Mayor Marcel , Buck Manfred
Published: October 2014

Trigonal molecules compartmentalise the pores of a supramolecular honeycomb network.
A Mannich/cyclization cascade process for the asymmetric synthesis of spirocyclic thioimidazolidineoxindoles
Authors: Cai Hao , Zhou Yu , Zhang Dong , Xu Jinyi , Liu Hong
Published: October 2014

An asymmetric cascade Mannich/cyclization reaction between 3-isothiocyanato-oxindoles and sulfimides has been developed for the synthesis of spirocyclic thioimidazolidineoxindoles.
A LiFSI–LiTFSI binary-salt electrolyte to achieve high capacity and cycle stability for a Li–S battery
Authors: Hu J. J. , Long G. K. , Liu S. , Li G. R. , Gao X. P.
Published: October 2014

A high capacity and stable cycle performance of the sulfur-based composite are realized in the LiFSI–LiTFSI binary-salt electrolyte, accompanied simultaneously by the homogeneous lithium deposition on the anode.
Fullerenes generated from porous structures
Authors: Paupitz Ricardo , Junkermeier Chad E. , van Duin Adri C. T. , Branicio Paulo S.
Published: October 2014

Structural and electronic properties of macromolecules, which have the architecture of fullerenes, were studied using reactive and density functional-based methods.
Spin mixing at level anti-crossings in the rotating frame makes high-field SABRE feasible
Authors: Pravdivtsev Andrey N. , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V. , Vieth Hans-Martin , Ivanov Konstantin L.
Published: October 2014

A new technique is proposed to carry out Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) experiments at high magnetic fields.
Tin doping speeds up hole transfer during light-driven water oxidation at hematite photoanodes
Authors: Dunn Halina K. , Feckl Johann M. , Müller Alexander , Fattakhova-Rohlfing Dina , Morehead Samuel G. , Roos Julian , Peter Laurence M. , Scheu Christina , Bein Thomas
Published: October 2014

The presence of a Sn dopant increases the rate constant for hole transfer by an order of magnitude during light driven water oxidation on hematite.
Ultrafast intersystem crossing dynamics in uracil unravelled byab initiomolecular dynamics
Authors: Richter Martin , Mai Sebastian , Marquetand Philipp , González Leticia
Published: October 2014

Surface hopping simulations of the RNA nucleobase uracil show that intersystem crossing and hence triplet states play an important role during the photorelaxation after excitation with UV light.
Mixed-metal chalcogenide tetrahedral clusters with an exo-polyhedral metal fragment
Authors: Yuvaraj K. , Roy Dipak Kumar , Anju V. P. , Mondal Bijnaneswar , Varghese Babu , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: October 2014

Mixed-metal chalcogenide tetrahedral clusters, [Cp*Ru(CO)2(μ-H){Os3(CO)9}S] and [Cp*Ru(CO)2(μ-H){Ru3(CO)9}S], have been isolated from arachno-[(Cp*RuCO)2B2H6] and [(Cp*Mo)2B5H9] respectively, in which the [Cp*Ru(CO)2] fragment is attached in an exo-polyhedral manner.
Microporous Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6 nanocrystals for high-performance flexible asymmetric all solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Gao Yanping , Zhao Junhong , Run Zhen , Zhang Guangqin , Pang Huan
Published: October 2014

Microporous Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6 nanocrystals were successfully applied to create a flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor, which achieved a maximum energy density of 0.45 mW h cm−3 with high stability for 10 000 cycles.
A general framework for the assessment of solar fuel technologies
Authors: Herron Jeffrey A. , Kim Jiyong , Upadhye Aniruddha A. , Huber George W. , Maravelias Christos T.
Published: October 2014

We utilize process modeling to assess the energy and economic feasibility of a generic solar refinery which converts carbon dioxide and water into fuels.
Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) studies on the interactions of Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes with the RAN triplex poly(U)˙poly(A)*poly(U)
Authors: Zhang Hong , Liu Xuewen , He Xiaojun , Liu Ying , Tan Lifeng
Published: October 2014

In this paper, the binding of two Ru(ii) complexes with poly(U)˙poly(A)*poly(U) was studied. Furthermore, the effect of factors on the binding difference is discussed.
Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of sandwich type compounds based on {AsW9} and a hexa-nuclear unit with three supporting TM–triazole complexes
Authors: Liu Jia-min , Wang Lu , Yu Kai , Su Zhan-hua , Wang Chun-xiao , Wang Chun-mei , Zhou Bai-bin
Published: October 2014

Tree {AsW9}-based sandwich compounds exhibit good electrocatalytic activity, antiferromagnetic interactions, and inhibitory effect on proliferation of HeLa cells.
Fluoro-polymer functionalized graphene for flexible ferroelectric polymer-based high-k nanocomposites with suppressed dielectric loss and low percolation threshold
Authors: Yang Ke , Huang Xingyi , Fang Lijun , He Jinliang , Jiang Pingkai
Published: October 2014

Fluoro-polymer functionalized graphene was synthesized for flexible polymer-based nanodielectrics. The resulting nanocomposites exhibit high dielectric constant, suppressed dielectric loss and low percolation threshold.
Mesoporous Bi2S3 nanorods with graphene-assistance as low-cost counter-electrode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Guo Sheng-qi , Jing Tian-zeng , Zhang Xiao , Yang Xiao-bing , Yuan Zhi-hao , Hu Fang-zhong
Published: October 2014

In this work, we report the synthesis of mesoporous Bi2S3 nanorods under hydrothermal conditions without additives, and investigated their catalytic activities as the CE in DSCs by I–V curves and tested conversion efficiency.
A microgripper sensor device capable of detecting ion efflux from whole cells
Authors: Daunton R. , Wood D. , Gallant A. J. , Kataky R.
Published: October 2014

Electrothermally actuated microgripper sensor devices that are capable of simultaneous manipulation and ion sensing of live cells.
Chitosan (PEO)/bioactive glass hybrid nanofibers for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Talebian Sepehr , Mehrali Mehdi , Mohan Saktiswaren , Balaji raghavendran Hanumantha rao , Mehrali Mohammad , Khanlou Hossein Mohammad , Kamarul Tunku , Afifi Amalina Muhammad , Abass Azlina Amir
Published: October 2014

Incorporation of bioactive glass into chitosan (PEO) nanofibers leads to improvement of strength and bone-cell differentiation capability.
Investigating the interaction of dye molecules with graphene oxide by using a surface plasmon resonance technique
Authors: Xue Tianyu , Wang Zhao , Guan Weiming , Hou Changmin , Shi Zhan , Zheng Weitao , Cui Xiaoqiang
Published: October 2014

A surface plasmon resonance technique was used to systematically study the interaction of two dye molecules with graphene oxide (GO) and electrochemically reduced GO (EC-rGO) substrates.
Theoretical investigation of atomic oxygen erosion mechanisms of 1,3-didecyl cyclopentane, 1,3-dioctyldodecyl cyclopentane and alkylated cyclopentane
Authors: Nian Jingyan , Gao Ping , Wang Yongcheng , Guo Zhiguang , Liu Weimin
Published: October 2014

Atomic oxygen erosion mechanisms of 1,3-didecyl cyclopentane, 1,3-dioctyldodecyl cyclopentane and alkylated cyclopentane.
Supercritical fluid processing of nitric acid treated nitrogen doped graphene with enhanced electrochemical supercapacitance
Authors: Balaji S. Suresh , Sathish M.
Published: October 2014

Supercritical fluid assisted synthesis of N-doped graphene with nitric acid showed a enhanced specific capacitance of 261 F g−1at 0.5 A g−1and 126% capacitance retention was observed after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1due to cycling induced surface wetting.
Synthesis and characterization of new energetic derivatives containing a high nitrogen content moiety and picryl group: a new strategy for incorporating the picryl functionality
Authors: Wu Bo , Yang Hongwei , Wang Zhixin , Lin Qiuhan , Ju Xuehai , Lu Chunxu , Cheng Guangbin
Published: October 2014

The synthesis of new picryl derivatives containing a high nitrogen content moiety from new starting materials are reported.
The swirling flow structure in supersonic separators for natural gas dehydration
Authors: Yang Yan , Wen Chuang , Wang Shuli , Feng Yuqing , Witt Peter
Published: October 2014

The delta wing resulted in a violent variation of the supersonic flows, inducing the re-evaporation of the condensed liquids.
Temperature perturbed water structure modification by d(−)-fructose at different concentrations
Authors: Afrin Tanjina , Mafy Noushaba Nusrat , Rahman M. Muhibur , Mollah M. Yousuf A. , Susan M. A. B. H.
Published: October 2014

Temperature dependence of water structure modification has been studied at different d(−)-fructose concentrations by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy.
BODIPY-based photosensitizers with intense visible light harvesting ability and high 1O2 quantum yield in aqueous solution
Authors: Wu Wenting , Geng Ying , Fan Weiyu , Li Zhongtao , Zhan Liying , Wu Xueyan , Zheng Jingtang , Zhao Jianzhang , Wu Mingbo
Published: October 2014

Introducing electron-withdrawing groups into BODIPY enhanced 1O2 sensitization properties, promoted intense light-harvesting ability and significantly improved the photostability of SOPs in aqueous solution.
Effects of alkyl or alkoxy side chains on the electrochromic properties of four ambipolar donor–acceptor type polymers
Authors: Liu Yanxia , Wang Min , Zhao Jinsheng , Cui Chuansheng , Liu Jifeng
Published: October 2014

Four novel donor–acceptor type polymers exhibit superior p- and n-doping processes, lower optical band gaps, robust stabilities and excellent optical contrasts in the NIR region. Two of them exhibit a green colour in the neutral state.
Meglumine catalyzed expeditious four-component domino protocol for synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidines in aqueous medium
Authors: Li Xiao-Tang , Zhao Ai-Dong , Mo Li-Ping , Zhang Zhan-Hui
Published: October 2014

Meglumine has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of structurally diverse tricyclic fused pyrazolopyranopyrimidines by one-pot, four-component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aromatic aldehydes and barbituric acid in water.
Hydrogen-bond-assisted isotactic-specific radical polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone with tartrate additives in toluene at low temperatures: high-resolution 1H NMR analysis
Authors: Hirano Tomohiro , Miyamoto Yuya , Amano Shinya , Tatsumi Kazuya , Anmoto Takuya , Kimura Hiroshi , Yoshida Ken , Oshimura Miyuki , Ute Koichi
Published: October 2014

Isotactic-rich poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) was successfully prepared by radical polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone assisted by diethyl l-tartrate (l-EtTar) at low temperatures.
Efficient pyrrolidine catalyzed cycloaddition of aziridines with isothiocyanates, isoselenocyanates and carbon disulfide “on water”
Authors: Sengoden Mani , Vijay Murugan , Balakumar Emayavaramban , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: October 2014

The cycloaddition of aziridines with isothiocyanates, isoselenocyanates and carbon disulfide is described using pyrrolidine on water. This protocol affords a potential route for the construction of the five membered heterocycles with high yields.
Influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles embedded-TiO2 nanofibers based photoanodes on photovoltaic performance of a dye sensitized solar cell
Authors: Salam Z. , Vijayakumar E. , Subramania A.
Published: October 2014

Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) embedded TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) prepared by the electrospinning technique.
Facile synthesis of azaarene-2-substituted chromanone derivatives via tandem sp3C–H functionalization/decarboxylation of azaarenes with 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid
Authors: Shao Zhuzhou , Wang Liang , Xu Lubin , Zhao Huaili , Xiao Jian
Published: October 2014

A facile catalyst-free tandem sp3C–H functionalization/decarboxylation of 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid with 2-alkylazaarenes was developed, which can construct the biologically significant azaarene 2-substituted chromanones in a single step.
A general route for synthesis of N-aryl phenoxazines via copper(i)-catalyzed N-, N-, and O-arylations of 2-aminophenols
Authors: Liu Nan , Wang Bo , Chen Wenwen , Liu Chulong , Wang Xinyan , Hu Yuefei
Published: October 2014

A novel copper(i)-catalyzed tandem reaction ofN- andO-arylations was developed and a general route for synthesis ofN-aryl phenoxazinesviacopper-catalyzedN-,N-, andO-arylations of 2-aminophenols was established.
The quest for highly fluorescent chromophores: evaluation of 1H,3H-isochromeno[6,5,4-mna]xanthene-1,3-dione (CXD)
Authors: Al-Aqar Roza , Avis Daniel , Benniston Andrew C. , Harriman Anthony
Published: October 2014

Photophysical properties of the strongly fluorescent dye, 1H,3H-isochromeno[6,5,4-mna]xanthene-1,3-dione (CXD), are reported.
Multipeak negative differential resistance from interplay between nonlinear stark effect and double-branch current flow
Authors: Sadek Mikołaj , Wierzbowska Małgorzata , Rode Michał F. , Sobolewski Andrzej L.
Published: October 2014

Multipeak negative differential resistance (NDR) molecular devices are designed from first principles.
Preparation of MWCNTs grafted with polyvinyl alcohol through Friedel–Crafts alkylation and their composite fibers with enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Zhang Pei , Qiu Dianluan , Chen Hongfei , Sun Jun , Wang Jianjun , Qin Chuanxiang , Dai Lixing
Published: October 2014

The MWCNTs dispersion was improved by grafting PVA through the Friedel–Crafts alkylation and thus the mechanical properties of the PVA/MWCNTs fibers were increased.
Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet coated carbon black as a high-performance PtRu catalyst support material for methanol electrooxidation
Authors: Li Cun-Zhi , Wang Zhen-Bo , Sui Xu-Lei , Zhang Li-Mei , Gu Da-Ming , Gu Shuo
Published: October 2014

PtRu/C@g-C3N4 NS exhibits excellent performance due to the inherently excellent mechanical resistance and stability of g-C3N4 NS and strong metal–support interactions.
Conductive cellulose nanocrystals with high cycling stability for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Wu Xinyun , Tang Juntao , Duan Yuchen , Yu Aiping , Berry Richard M. , Tam Kam C.
Published: October 2014

A facile method of polymerizing polypyrrole (PPy) on poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) coated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was developed.