bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study Of Oral Antihypertension Drug Interactions On Prescribing Geriatric Patients With Hypertension Disease In Outpatient Installations Wilujeng Hospital In The 2021 Period
Authors: Meilinda Wulan Infrastrukturnta  , Adi Wibisono
Published: May 2024

Drug interactions are changes in the effectiveness or toxicity of one drug due to the presence of other drugs given simultaneously. Drugs that are often involved in potential interactions are drugs that are used daily for the clinical management of elderly patients with chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of antihypertensive drug interactions in an effort to reduce the incidence of interactions between drugs in elderly patients (Geriatrics). ). Observational descriptive research with a cross-sectional research design with a quantitative approach and a retrospective sampling method in geriatric outpatients with a diagnosis of hypertension and data obtained using statistical methods by calculating the percentage of each part to be analyzed including a general description of antihypertensive drug prescribing. then whether or not there are drug interactions with patient prescriptions at Wilujeng Hospital. The results of the research show that drug interactions at Wilujeng Hospital for the 2021 period showed that the highest number of interactions occurred between hypertension drugs, namely furosemde and ramipril, where 14 incidents occurred or (14%), the interaction that occurred between furosemide and ramipril was synergistic pharmacodynamics. , and the highest use of antihypertensive drugs is amlodipine 43%; furosemide 12%; spironolactone 8%; valsartan 2%; bisoprolol 6%; candesartan 3%; ramipril 5%; captopril11%;hydrocholotiazide4%;irbesartan2%;verapamil2%andpropranolol2%.
Development of a Wireless Communication Enabled Device for Monitoring Heart Rate and Body Temperature for Independent Use
Authors: La Febry Andira Rose Cynthia  , Alvin Hetriawan  , Fatkhur Rokhman  , Muhammad Faris Pradana  , Lailis Syafa’ah
Published: May 2024

Human health conditions can be seen from their heart rate and body temperature. Research aims to make it easier for health workers and humans in general to know their heart rate and body temperature. Therefore, a portable heart rate monitoring device was designed that uses an IoT system. The portable design aims to make the tool practical, and the use of IoT makes it easier for health workers to see patient conditions remotely. The MAX30100 sensor is used to determine heart rate while the DS18B20 sensor is used to determine body temperature which is connected to the microcontroller. It is hoped that this research will make it easier for health workers and humans to receive immediate treatment during emergencies.
Study The Thermal Conductivity of Polymethyl Methacrylate Reinforcing with Cotton, Hair, and Burlap
Authors: Zuhair Salim Khamees  , Asmaa Shawqy Khaleel
Published: May 2024

This study includes the manufacture of two sets of composite materials consisting of polymethyl methacrylate reinforced with natural fibers. The first (R) group included eight layers of cotton with one layer of hair in the middle, and the second (O) group included six layers of cotton with three layers of burlap in the middle. The thermal conductivity of the two groups was checked using a Lee disc to identify the thermal conductivity (K), of group R  0.0771 w/m.c, and of group O 0.0754 w/m.c. These values are considered good as the material has good thermal insulation due to its low thermal conductivity values and is therefore suitable for use in prosthetic limbs as it can preserve the body temperature from external influences.
A Review of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Treatment of Neuroimmune Conditions, Acute COVID-19 Infection, and Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Syndrome
Authors: Morse Brinkley A. , Motovilov Katherine , Brode William , Tee F. Michael , Melamed Esther
Published: May 2024

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an immunomodulatory therapy that has been studied in several neuroimmune conditions, such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, multifocal motor neuropathy, and multiple sclerosis. It has also been proposed as a potential treatment option for acute COVID-19 infection and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). IVIG is thought to function by providing the recipient with a pool of antibodies, which can, in turn, modulate immune responses to infections or autoimmunity. In the case of acute COVID-19 infection, IVIG and plasmapheresis have been found to reduce the need for mechanical ventilation, shorten ICU and hospital stays, and lower mortality. Similarly, in patients with PASC, IVIG has been proposed as a potential treatment option to help alleviate persistent symptoms. While IVIG can be an effective therapy for many conditions, it is important to note that it can be costly and has been associated with adverse side effects, factors which should be considered prior to its administration. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive update on the use of IVIG in multiple neuroimmune conditions, myalgic encephalomyelitis, acute COVID-19, and PASC, as well as cover its history, production, pricing, and mechanisms of action. We also identify key areas of future research to optimize the use of Ig products across these conditions.
Development and Kinematic Analysis of Origami-inspired Retractable Roof Structures
Authors: Hou Jiangjun
Published: May 2024

The application of retractable roof structures has enhanced the urban landscape, particularly in large-scale public buildings. Nevertheless, the utilization of origami mechanisms in such structures has only been explored conceptually, with a lack of practical engineering implementations. In this paper, three novel retractable roof structures, integrating Miura-ori (and its variations) with scissor hinge units, are proposed. We first provide a concise overview of the concepts of Miura-ori (including its arched and fan-shaped variations), scissor joint unit, and plate thickening. Subsequently, coordinated motion conditions for the three proposed retractable roof structures are elaborately derived using geometric formulas, and the corresponding solutions are provided when the coordinated motion is not feasible. Lastly, after parameterizing the thick-plate model, the motion mechanism of the retractable roof structures is analyzed exhaustively. The results indicate that all three new structures can achieve smooth opening and closing operations without motion interference. The proposed novel retractable roof structures enrich the variety of architectural structures and provide practical guidance for engineering applications.
Group problem solving: Diversity versus diffusion
Authors: Jonard Nicolas , Reijula Samuli , Marengo Luigi
Published: May 2024

Several recent contributions to the research on group problem solving suggest that reducing the connectivity between agents in a social network may be epistemically beneficial. This notion stems from the idea that collective problem-solving behavior may benefit from the transient diversity in agents' beliefs due to increased individual exploration and decreased social influence. At the same time, however, lower connectivity hinders the diffusion of good solutions between network members. Our simulation findings shed light on this trade-off. We identify conditions under which the less-is-more effect is likely to manifest. Our findings suggest that a community consisting of semi-isolated groups could provide an answer to the tension between diversity and diffusion.
Does Preparation Generate the Cost of Task Switching? A Recipe for a Switch Cost After Cue-Only Trials
Authors: Yamaguchi Motonori , Swainson Rachel
Published: May 2024

A switch cost can be observed in cued task-switching on trials that follow a cue-only trial, which presents a task cue indicating a task to be performed but does not present a target stimulus to be responded to. This finding has provided important implications as to the source of the performance cost that emerges when switching tasks. However, cue-only trials differ from completed trials (for which the target occurs and is responded to) in several task parameters, and there are a few untested assumptions about a task-switch cost after cue-only trials, which restricted the conditions under which cue-only trials have been used. The present study first examined whether a switch cost emerged after cue-only trials when cue-only trials were matched with completed trials in as many task parameters as possible, and found that an expected switch cost following cue-only trials was absent in response time. In the subsequent six experiments, we explored critical task parameters to obtain a switch cost after cue-only trials. The present results indicate that the use of a short preparation interval was an important factor and that the switch cost was more short-lived and dissipated more quickly after cue-only trials than after completed trials. These outcomes are consistent with the proposal that there are at least two sources of a task-switch cost, one that originates from processing a task cue and another that originates from performing a cued task. Early processes of task preparation (e.g., cue or task identification) may be sufficient to produce the switch cost after cue-only trials, but response-related processes might generate a more persistent switch cost.
Disentangling the Meat Paradox: A Comparative Review of Meat-Related Ambivalence and Dissonance
Authors: Buttlar Benjamin , Pauer Shiva
Published: May 2024

The domain of meat consumption has become a blossoming area for advancing our knowledge of how people experience and resolve cognitive conflicts. Within the field, however, the conceptual similarities and differences between ambivalence and dissonance have been underspecified. This has led to seemingly inconsistent conclusions about the experiences and downstream consequences of cognitive conflict. We therefore examine the tacit assumptions in the field and integrate the two kinds of literature on meat-related cognitive conflicts. In a comparative review, we specifically delineate (a) which groups of people are affected by which of the two meat-related conflicts, (b) what constitutes these conflicts, (c) when these conflicts are experienced, and (d) what downstream consequences result from these conflicts. We conclude that meat-related ambivalence is experienced when inconsistent attitudes become accessible and that meat-related dissonance is experienced when inconsistencies between attitudes and commitments become accessible. Our integrative perspective challenges established assertions regarding meat-related conflict and offers various theoretical and practical implications. One such implication concerns, for example, how cognitive conflict is associated with behavior change and maintenance depending on people’s commitment to eating meat. We hope that this will help researchers and practitioners to apply the insights from this flourishing field of research.
Adherence to wearables by people with severe mental illness in Switzerland: Time-use study
Authors: Richter Dirk , Hasler Melina , Kurpicz-Briki Mascha
Published: May 2024

Wearables will play a central role in the digital support of people with severe mental disorders. So far, there are only a few studies that have investigated the temporal usage behaviour of wearables among this service user group. We equipped 10 service users of a Swiss psychiatric rehabilitation institution with wearables and used a survey to investigate whether and how often the devices were worn. The results showed a relatively high level of use overall. On average, the participants wore the wearable for 20 hours per day. However, we also found considerable variability. Wearables must fulfil high requirements for widespread implementation in practice.
TYPES OF FORGETTING: CONSCIOUS, SUBCONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND STATES
Authors: JARALI SHRUTHI SUKHADEV
Published: May 2024

Understanding the various ways that forgetting, an inherent component of the human memory process, appears is essential to comprehending cognitive function and memory control. The main categories of forgetting that are investigated in this paper are retrieval failure, decay, interference, motivated or conscious forgetting, and encoding failures. Retrieval failure, which is frequently associated with the phenomenon of the tongue tipping over, happens when memories are present but momentarily unavailable. Information from before or after can interfere with memory retention. This interference can be either proactive or retroactive. According to the theory of decay, memories may deteriorate with time as a result of decreased brain activity or use. Suppression and repression are examples of motivated forgetting, which is the conscious or unconscious attempt to block out painful memories. Lastly, encoding failures happen when information is not sufficiently relevant or paid enough attention to go into long-term memory. This paper aims to clarify the intricacies of memory functions and offer perspectives on possible approaches for improving teaching methods, treating memory-related illnesses, and reducing unintentional forgetfulness into conscious, subconscious and unconscious mind states.
日本におけるマインドフルネスアプリの現状と課題 ―アプリの体系的評価を通して―
Authors: Akiyama Kaito , Sasaki Tsubasa
Published: May 2024

近年，メンタルヘルスアプリが多く利用され，その有効性も実証されている。その中で，メンタルヘルスアプリの利用者の大半がマインドフルネスに関するコンテンツを利用していることが明らかとなった。本研究の目的は，日本で利用可能なマインドフルネスに関するスマートフォンアプリを，標準化された評価尺度を用いて体系的に評価することであった。加えて，アプリ内コンテンツの科学的根拠の有無やプライバシーポリシーについての評価も行われた。2022年12月にアプリストアから1638個のアプリが特定され，「マインドフルネスに関するコンテンツを十分に提供している」「日本語で利用可能である」の適格基準に基づいて，最終的に21個のアプリが評価対象となった。アプリの品質評価にはMobile App Rating Scaleが用いられ，評価の平均値は3.380と中程度の水準にあったが，機能性においては先行研究よりも低い評価となった。また，科学的根拠の有無については7個のアプリが学術論文で取り上げられており，プライバシーポリシーに関しては17個のアプリが公開していた。これらの割合は先行研究と比較して高いことが示された。以上より，本研究において，日本におけるマインドフルネスアプリは，プライバシーなどを配慮した質の良いアプリである傾向が示唆された。
How taking turns communicates desired equality in social relationships
Authors: Chen Alicia M. , Saxe Rebecca
Published: May 2024

When people perform generous acts for each other, they can balance out relative benefits by alternating who is generous. When and why do they do this? Here we test the explanation that sequences of generosity regulate social relationships. We find that people selectively expect reciprocal generosity in equal (vs. hierarchical) relationships, use reciprocal generosity to infer the presence of an equal relationship, and critically expect that people reciprocate generosity in order to communicate a desire for a (more) equal relationship. In a formal planning model, reciprocal generosity can emerge from the value of communicating desired equality.
PERAN GURU SEJARAH DALAM MERANCANG INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH YANG MENYENANGKAN
Authors: Khan Neza Syarif
Published: May 2024

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi yang terjadi hampir di seluruh dunia merupakan hal yang tidak bisa dibendung. Hal ini menuntut para guru untuk beradaptasi dengan perkembangan zaman. Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi juga mendukung para guru untuk melakukan inovasi dalam pembelajaran khususnya dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Metode penelitian dalam artikel ini adalah studi pustaka yaitu dengan menelaah literatur yang sesuai dengan topik artikel ini. Ditemukan bahwa guru sejarahdapat merancang berbagai media pembelajaran menggunakan teknologi yang ada, serta teknologi juga dapat mendukung proses pembelajaran di kelas.
Konsep inovasi pendidikan
Authors: Rahmawati Dina
Published: May 2024

Inovasi adalah ide, tindakan, atau barang yang dianggap baru oleh seseorang dan relatif baru. Pemanfaatan e-learning, inovasi pendidikan, pengembangan kurikulum, profesi keguruan, efektivitas penggunaan aplikasi pembelajaran berbasis mobile smartphone, media film dokumenter, dan evaluasi rancang bangun aplikasi pembelajaran sejarah merupakan topik-topik yang dibahas dalam berbagai referensi terkait pendidikan dan sejarah. Inovasi pendidikan, terutama melalui pemanfaatan e-learning, diakui sebagai cara baru untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dan efektivitas proses belajar. Guru memiliki peran kunci sebagai inovator dalam mengimplementasikan teknologi informasi dalam pembelajaran. Pengembangan kurikulum, profesi keguruan, serta evaluasi aplikasi pembelajaran sejarah juga menjadi bagian penting dalam upaya peningkatan sistem pendidikan. Dengan demikian, berbagai aspek tersebut saling terkait dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Guru sebagai pusat pendidikan, sangat berpengaruh pada proses belajar mengajar. Kewibawaan dan kompetensi guru sangat penting dalam kelangsungan pembelajaran di kelas dan dampaknya di konsep inovasi pendidikan di luar kelas guru harus pandai membawa siswanya ke tujuan ingin dicapai. Tujuan inovasi pendidikan adalah sebagai berikut, mengejar ketertinggalan yang disebabkan oleh kemajuan ilmu dan teknologi sehingga pendidikan di Indonesia semakin berjalan sejajar dengan kemajuan tersebut.
In silico Exploration of Essential Oil Constituents in Combating Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infected Wounds
Authors: Aathira KK , Rani S Suja , Rajaselvi N Divya , Varsha B , Ashmi CS , Nisha AR , Kariyil Bibu John , Anoopraj R , Uma R
Published: May 2024

This research explores the multifaceted pharmacological actions of essential oils and its constituents, derived as secondary metabolites from aromatic plants, with a particular focus on their potent wound healing and antibacterial activities, elucidating their significance in therapeutic approach towards infected wounds. An in silico screening was carried out to identify the interaction between the bioactive essential oil contituents (EOC) such as cinnamaldehyde, citral, geraniol, linalool, and p-cymene, docked against various target proteins associated with antibiotic resistance and wound healing, including mec A (PDB ID- 4DK1), nor A (PDB ID- 7LO8), TGF- β1 (PDB ID- 1PY5), TGF- β2 (PDB ID- 1M9Z), VEGF (PDB ID-3QTK), GSK-3β (PDB ID-1Q5K) and MMP-9 (PDB ID-5UE4). The docking was done with AutoDock V 4.0 using five EOCs against seven receptors and the binding energy was gaged. The binding energy of EOCs were observed to be ranging from -5.3 kcal/mol to -2.55 kcal/mol. Notably, all the screened EOCs exhibited favourable binding affinity with GSK-3β, indicating their potential role in the inflammatory phase of wound healing. Additionally, towards antibiotic resistance, all EOC displayed adequate binding affinity with norA, suggesting their potential in modulating multidrug resistant efflux pumps. Compliance with Lipinski's rule, positions these EOC as promising candidates for drug development, particularly in the context of wound healing and antibiotic resistance. This study holds the promise of contributing novel insights to the field of wound care and combating antibiotic resistance, paving the way for innovative approaches in addressing the challenges posed by multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA) infected wounds.
Pharmacological and Therapeutic Properties of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Seed: A Review
Authors: Tewari Archana , Singh Rajinder , Brar Jaswinder Kaur
Published: May 2024

Fenugreek, scientifically known as Trigonella foenum-graecum, is a versatile annual leguminous plant belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is cultivated worldwide and serves numerous purposes as a spice, herb, food, and medicine. Fenugreek is resilient and can thrive in various environments, including those with drought conditions. The plant is abundant in active constituents such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids. Additionally, it is an excellent source of dietary fiber, protein, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and vitamins A, B1, B2, and C. Fenugreek has a rich history in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurveda, Unani, and Tibetan medicine. Studies have shown that it possesses antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiobesity, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, carminative, aphrodisiac, and emollient properties. Moreover, its seed polysaccharide content has made it useful in the food industry as a stabilizer, adhesive, and emulsifying agent. This article provides an overview of the history, cultivation, nutritional components, nutraceutical role, safety, and toxicological properties of fenugreek. Its main aim is to summarize the benefits of this "golden seed" and its associated aspects.
An extensive investigation into the bioactive component of breast milk, lactation, and clinical application of Galactagogues: A review
Authors: Singh Sury Pratap , Mukadam Srishti Santosh , Bisht Abhishek
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, people are becoming more and more conscious of the link between nutrition, diet, and health. This bond is established from birth. In addition to being thought of as the finest nutrition for a newborn to preserve its physical and nutritional well-being, breastfeeding is usually seen as the best choice for a baby during the early stages of life. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) advises breastfeeding exclusively for six months, after which the mother and child may decide to continue nursing in addition to introducing supplemental meals for the remainder of the baby's first year or beyond. Since breast milk includes a variety of bioactive ingredients, including proteins, vitamins, nucleotides, oligosaccharides, immunoglobulin, and some minerals, it is often regarded as the major nutritional supply for babies. A crucial opportunity for intervention to improve breastfeeding success is when inadequate supply of breast milk is often identified as the primary reason for early breastfeeding cessation. When non-drug breastfeeding support approaches fail to improve a persistently poor milk production, mothers frequently turn to drugs called galactagogues for assistance. Galactagogues function by interfering with the complex hormonal balance that controls breastfeeding, specifically with regard to prolactin and oxytocin. The available data about the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological treatments for lactation insufficiency is assessed in this narrative review. The majority of research has focused on the use of domperidone, and studies have indicated that there are modest short-term improvements for breast milk production. While there is less evidence supporting metoclopramide safety and efficacy than there is for domperidone, metoclopramide functions similarly to domperidone, thus in the event that domperidone is ineffective, it may be a good alternative for therapy. Lack of information on alternative medicines, such as metformin, oxytocin, prolactin, and herbal remedies, renders their clinical usage unreasonable. The study points out important gaps in the data and makes recommendations for possible future research topics related to galactagogues' impact on nursing.
Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Qualitative Phytochemistry of Leaf, stem bark, and root bark extracts from Prunus africana (Hook. F.) Kalkman
Authors: Ndung’u James , Nguta Joseph , Mapenay Isaac , Moriasi Gervason
Published: May 2024

The rise of resistant strains poses a significant public health risk, particularly, in sub-Saharan Africa, where over 50% of global infectious disease-associated deaths occur, highlighting the urgent need for novel, safe, affordable, and accessible antimicrobials. Accordingly, we investigated the antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and qualitative phytochemistry of the aqueous, hydroethanolic, and acetonic leaf, stem bark, and root bark extracts of Prunus africana (Hook. F.) Kalkman, based on its ethnomedicinal information. The results showed the aqueous root bark and aqueous/acetonic stem bark extracts demonstrated significant (p<0.05) antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus at 800 µg/ml, outperforming other extracts and the reference antibiotic. Growth inhibition zones for most extracts on S. aureus showed a concentration-dependent increase, though not significantly (p>0.05) different. The acetonic root bark extract, particularly at 800 µg/ml, exhibited superior inhibitory effects against B. cereus compared to other extracts (p<0.05), although the positive control antibiotic significantly (p<0.05) outperformed all plant extracts. Notably, none of the studied extracts affected P. aeruginosa and E. coli, while varying effects were observed against C. albicans. Further we observed that the hydroethanolic and aqueous stem bark extracts' exceptionally low Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentrations (MICs and MBCs) against S. aureus (3.125 µg/ml). Conversely, the acetonic leaf extract showed higher MIC and MBC values against S. aureus (100 µg/ml). Cytotoxicity assessments using brine shrimp nauplii revealed the percentage mortalities caused by Vincristine and aqueous root/stem bark extracts at 1000 µg/ml, were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those caused by other extracts (Median lethal concentrations (LC50) of 513 µg/ml to 24327.82 µg/ml). Qualitative phytochemistry identified alkaloids in root bark and stem bark extracts, flavonoids, phenols, quinones, steroids, and terpenoids across all samples, with saponins in acetonic root bark and all three leaf extracts, and glycosides in acetonic stem bark, hydroethanolic root bark, and acetonic leaf extracts. These findings highlight the diverse antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of P. africana extracts, suggesting potential therapeutic applications and emphasise the need for further exploration.
Evaluation of In vitro anti-inflammatory activity and In-silico pharmacokinetics and molecular docking study of Horsfieldia iryaghedhi
Authors: Rajapaksha HKK , Fernando MN , Nelumdeniya NRM , Bandara AWMKK , Silva ARN
Published: May 2024

Background: Phytochemicals are still a valuable source to develop clinically important drugs in treating chronic and acute diseases. Inflammation is a response to an injurious stimulus of the body and novel therapeutic agents are needed to alleviate the condition with minimum side effects. Aims and Objectives: To investigate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of methanol and aqueous leaf, bark, and combination extracts of plant Horsfieldia iryaghedhi by heat-induced egg albumin denaturation method and to analyze the phytochemicals of Horsfieldia iryaghedhi for their anti-inflammatory potential against cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) using molecular docking. Methodology: Matured and fully expanded fresh leaves and barks of H. iryaghedhi were collected, and the extractions were obtained cold maceration using 99.9% methanol and distilled water as solvents. A concentration series was then developed, and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated against Diclofenac sodium as the positive control, using the heat-induced egg albumin denaturation method. Further, selected phytochemicals were tested against COX-2 enzyme (PDB ID: 5IKR) using site-specific molecular docking with autodock vina and the binding energies and pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters were evaluated. Results: The methanol and aqueous extracts have shown a moderate to strong concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activity with reference to standard Diclofenac sodium (IC50 116.4 μg/ml) and Methanol bark extract exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity compared to other extracts (IC50 293 μg/ml). Further, Methanol and aqueous extracts showed a statistically significant correlation between concentration and percentage inhibition (p<0.05, R2 ≈1). The molecular docking results suggest that the phytochemicals available on the plant have possible COX-2 inhibitory activity and the compounds selected (Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate and N, N-Dimethyl-5-methoxy tryptamine) even got favourable toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters confirming their drugability. Conclusion: Methanol bark extract of Horsfieldia iryaghedhi have marked in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The results indicate a solid possibility of lead discovery of anti- inflammatory agents from the bark and leaves of Horsfieldia iryaghedhi. However, further molecular dynamics studies and in vivo tests may be required to confirm the findings.
Index Admission Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Pharmaco-invasive Strategy for Patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Tertiary Centre-based Study
Authors: Mohammed Muaath A. H , W  Isa WYH , Yusof Z
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Pharmaco-invasive strategy is a standard of care in patients with ST -elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but the optimal timing may not be achieved due to limitations. Thus, a large number of patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a later timing during their index hospitalisation. However, small evidence is available on the outcome of this strategy. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of PCI during index admission with a pharmaco-invasive strategy for patients with STEMI. Material&Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary centre. Medical records of all STEMI patients who were treated by PCI from January 2013 to March 2018 were retrieved. The clinical outcomes of the study were the rate of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and major bleeding at 30 days and 6 months post PCI. Results: A total of 91 STEMI patients were analysed. Twenty-nine (31.9%) patients were treated by pharmaco-invasive strategy, and 62 (68.1%) patients underwent PCI during their index admission. At 30 days post PCI, the rates of MACE in the pharmaco-invasive and PCI during index admission group were 10.7% and 10.3%, respectively (p = 0.958). The rates at 6 months were 8.3% and 7.8% (p = 0.942). The rates of major bleeding at 30 days were one (3.6%) and none (p = 0.151). By contrast, the rate at six months was only one (2.0%) for the PCI during index admission group. Conclusions: PCI during index admission may had similar clinical outcomes to pharmaco-invasive strategy.
Effect of Cutting Speed on Surface Roughness AS-Scrapper ST37 Using Coated Carbide Tool
Authors: Sitorus Fransnazoan
Published: May 2024

In the lathe machining process, especially surface roughness, are greatly influenced by the cutting angle of the tool, feeding speed, cutting speed and depth of cut. Research purposes is to determine the effect of cutting conditions, namely cutting speed (v) and cutting depth (a) on the level of surface roughness (Ra) on the ST37 As Scrapper material using quantitative research methods that focus on numeric or numbers in a study. The research results obtained a value of Ra ⃗= 6.063 µm at optimum cutting conditions varying a= 1 mm, v= 62 m/min, f= 0.05 mm, tc= 5.29 min.
Editorial
Authors: Chua Liana , Buitron Natalia , Cooper Timothy
Published: May 2024

Reassuringly (or otherwise), the above paragraph reads more like the contents of a junk mailbox than an accurate depiction of our first special issue of 2024. Even so, there are uncanny glimpses of plausibility – ‘in the era of’; ‘wield unprecedented influence’; ‘intricate role in shaping narratives, policies, and individual experiences’; ‘the evolving dynamics between’. These rest less on their content than on their lexical, performative familiarity: they look and sound like the sort of thing you would find in academic journals. Put differently, these phrases seem plausible not because of what they say, but because of how they are strung together, evaluated and recognised.
Introduction
Authors: Kopper Moisés , Knox Hannah
Published: May 2024

For decades now, scholars of quantification have been exposing the rationalist and modernist operations that lend numbers their political qualities. Yet recent anthropological scholarship has begun to show how data's ontological plasticity and messiness are constitutive of alternative political fields. This introduction brings these two streams of literature into productive conversation to rethink the means and meanings of number politics after datafication. We move beyond extant concerns about the governing and stabilising powers of numbers to highlight the moral and affective and the collective and subjective practices out of which data's political effects emerge. Foregrounding the everyday ethical work animating data worlds gives new insights into how numeric infrastructures thrive and fail within emerging socio-cultural and politico-legal milieus.
‘Credit Is a Basket’
Authors: Jiang Qiuyu , Douglas-Jones Rachel
Published: May 2024

In 2019, the National Health Commission of China announced a nation-wide plan to incorporate blood donation into the country's emerging informational infrastructure: the social credit system (SCS). Through analysis of comments from Weibo, one of China's largest social media sites, alongside news articles and official government announcements from the time, we follow the figure of the basket, which we regard as vernacular critique. By analysing the formation of trust indicators, contestations over their commensurability, and the prospect of converting between moral deeds and financial advantage, we aim to augment understandings of the ways that quantification practices are, and become, moral projects.
With Endless Articulations
Authors: Heatherington Tracey
Published: May 2024

The evolution of information infrastructures has shaped nature conservation related to wild species, landscapes and collections of biological diversity, efforts that are germane to nation-building and many other political projects. Extensive practices of quantification are now embedded in environmental monitoring, biodiversity protection and the banking of plant genetic resources. This suggests a kaleidoscope of human intentions and institutional mandates that are embodied within fluidly changing information systems. These technologies have come to condense cultural assumptions, values, and orientations to the Anthropocene. The conservation of biodiversity must continually generate not only spectacles of nature, but also spectacles of expert knowledge and management. Information itself is the new frontier of green capitalism, affirming a paradigm of perpetual growth.
Stylistics Analysis of Lexical Categories in "Annabel Lee" by Edgar Allan Poe
Authors: Mubashir Muhammad , Jameel Kainat
Published: May 2024

The present study delves into the stylistic analysis of the poem, Annabel Lee" penned by Edgar Allan Poe. The study is based on the qualitative method, where the textual verses of the poem were examined to identify the peculiar qualities of the poet's style by analyzing his choice of vocabulary related to different lexical categories. The researcher used Leech and Short's (1981) model to do a stylistic analysis of the given poem at the lexical level. The lexical analysis shows the emotional narration of the tragic death of the poet's beloved. This lexical analysis further showed the choice and use of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs by the poet which supports his emotive attitude. The study provides the researchers with a new insight into analyzing the writer's style by doing a stylistic analysis of any literary work.
Analysis of Morphological Errors in English Written Texts by ESL Learners
Authors: Ahmad Mahnoor , Faryal Sayeda , Rauf Sumaira
Published: May 2024

Pakistan has long studied English, thus it's critical to identify some typical mistakes made by ESL students so that they can develop more effective English language learning techniques. This study examines the morphological and syntactic mistakes made by ESL students when writing in English. The study aims to identify the different kinds of morphological errors that students make in their writing and to shed light on the causes of these errors. The current study determines morphological defects using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The children from Iqra Hoti School Mardan were chosen by the researcher. Dulay, Burt, and Krashen's (1983) theory was used to analyze the errors. The study's findings demonstrated that omission, addition, misformation, and misordering errors are common among students learning English as a second language.
Self-Actualization in the Character of Woman: A Psychoanalytic Study of the Patience Stone
Authors: Ali Farman , Zeb Kamran
Published: May 2024

Self-actualization is the aspiration of an individual to reach their full potential and make use of their abilities, talents, and capacities. However, this is not as simple a process as it may sound. The Hierarchy of Needs developed by Abraham Maslow identifies numerous levels in the process of self- actualization. Atiq Rahimi’s The Patience Stone (2008) represents the anxiety of the female protagonist in achieving self-actualization, in war-torn Afghanistan. The purpose of this research is to trace and unfold the process of self-actualization in the psychoanalytically complex female persona of "the woman". In order to achieve this goal, the study subscribes to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and certain postulates of Human Motivation theory. Moreover, the study applied a qualitative approach, blended with content analysis as a methodological tools for the analysis of the text.
Biden's Speech at Jordan's King Visit for Immediate Ceasefire : A Critical Discourse Analysis of US Perspective on Israel-Palestine War
Authors: Aslam Shahid , Ezmi Abdul Haseeb , Rafique Sundas
Published: May 2024

The study is the investigation of Biden's speech delivered at Jordan's King Abdullah II visit amid the Israel-Palestine war for an immediate ceasefire. The study aims to explore the US perspective on the Israel-Palestine war through Biden's speech. Purposive sampling of US President Biden's recent speech delivered on February 13th, 2024, is done to investigate the contemporary perspective of the US on the Israel-Palestine war using Fairclough's three-dimensional model. Findings revealed that, at the description level, values of words and grammar through contrastive schemes represent specific ideologies associated with Hamas and Israel. At the interpretation level, text and context indicate Hamas as the only one responsible for the chaos and Israel as the bearer of circumstances. At the explanation phase, the speech seems normative as the US projects its diplomatic role as a global power in sustaining peace and seems to support Israel due to shared cultural values.
Echoes of Empire: Unveiling the Postcolonial Tapestry in Paul Scott's Staying On
Authors: Saleem Fahad , Siddiqui Safia , Najeeb Zuha
Published: May 2024

Paul Scott's Staying On (2005) is one of the few novels that depict the lives of British leftovers who decided to stay in India even after the Independence. Unlike The Raj Quartet (1965-75), Scott's Staying On (2005), highlights the struggle of the White and Euro-Asians in independent India. This paper will investigate the White Men and Women's burden by keeping the themes of identity crisis, socio-cultural displacement, and womanhood in view. Staying On (2005) uses alienation and mimicry to display the hybrid culture of India. It connects the story of the Quartet through the characters of Tusker and Lucy Smalley and how these British remainders struggled to maintain their identity in India. This paper will also study the residual impacts of the British Raj to display the inversion of the roles between the Occident (West) and the Orient (East).
Automatic Spoofing Detection Using Deep Learning
Authors: Nafees Muhammad , Rauf Abid , Mahum Rabbia
Published: May 2024

Deep fakes stand out to be the most dangerous side effects of Artificial Intelligence. AI assists to produce voice cloning of any entity which is very arduous to categorize whether it’s fake or real. The aim of the research is to impart a spoofing detection system to an automatic speaker verification (ASV) system that can perceive false voices efficiently. The goal is to perceive the unapparent audio elements with maximum precision and to develop a model that is proficient in automatically extracting audio features by utilizing the ASVspoof 2019 dataset. Hence, the proposed ML-DL SafetyNet model is designed that delicately differentiate ASVspoof 2019 dataset voice speeches into fake or bonafide. ASVspoof 2019 dataset is characterized into two segments LA and PA. The ML-DL SafetyNet model is centred on two unique processes; deep learning and machine learning classifiers. Both techniques executed strong performance by achieving an accuracy of 90%.
Assessing Secondary School Teachers' Perceptions of Counseling and Guidance in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Nazir , Sewani Rozina , Khoso Farzana Jabeen
Published: May 2024

Study examines teachers' perspectives on guidance and counseling in secondary schools. Teachers are backbone of education to build personality of individuals, motivate and help them chalk out future plans. A simple random sampling technique selected 170 males and females. Quantitative research technique used, and data collected through survey.The survey questionnaire was developed, and data was collected from secondary schools’ teachers. The responses of the participants of the study were entered for analysis of the data in SPSS version 22. Most of the population agreed to enhance the guidance and counseling sessions in schools as they increase student understanding and fulfill student needs. Study recommended that teachers be aware of guidance and counseling to build students who can express their thoughts, opinions and develop social skills. School administration should organize the guidance and counseling program and hire trained guidance and counseling teachers to implement the guidance and counseling sessions.
Effect of cranial entry site on the rate of proximal catheter misplacement in ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion
Authors: Ebel Florian , Amstutz Salome , Wanderer Stefan , Unterhofer Michael , Toulany Nikan , Marbacher Serge , Soleman Jehuda
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

The insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a common neurosurgical procedure, but the optimal entry site of the ventricular catheter is still under debate. In this study, the authors compare the parietal (Keen’s) and frontal (Kocher’s) entry sites in terms of the rate of revision surgery due to ventricular catheter misplacement, VPS dysfunction, and VPS infection.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively analyzed the data on consecutive adults (age ≥ 18 years) who had undergone primary VPS insertion between 2010 and 2020 at two neurosurgical centers. One center regularly inserts the ventricular catheter frontally (frontal group); the other center, parietally (parietal group). The primary outcome of interest was the rate of ventricular catheter misplacement necessitating revision surgery. Secondary outcomes were functional outcome as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), rate of revision surgery for VPS dysfunction and infection, as well as early (≤ 30 days) and late (> 30 days) mortality rates. Propensity score matching was performed based on baseline variables, such as normal pressure hydrocephalus, postinfectious hydrocephalus, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension, which were identified as predictors of ventricular catheter misplacement using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

Among 539 consecutive patients, 301 (55.8%) were in the frontal group and 238 (44.2%) in the parietal group. Postoperative rates of revision surgery due to misplacement were comparable in the two catheter entry site groups (frontal 14 [4.7%] vs parietal 11 [4.6%], p = 0.987). Rates of revision surgery for VPS dysfunction (14 [4.7%] vs 10 [4.2%], respectively, p = 0.802) and infection (22 [7.3%] vs 10 [4.2%], p = 0.13) exhibited no significant differences. Favorable functional outcomes (mRS score ≤ 2; 164 [76.3%] vs 174 [79.5%], respectively, p = 0.058) and early mortality rates (5 [1.7%] vs 6 [2.5%], p = 0.483) were similar between the groups. After propensity score matching, the primary and secondary outcome measures remained comparable between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The entry site of the ventricular catheter in VPS surgery does not seem to affect proximal revision rates. Further, revision rates due to VPS dysfunction, VPS infection, and morbidity were comparable as well.
Impact of postsurgical rehabilitation on outcomes for degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Rahman Mahmudur , Banerjee Anjishnu , Yang Yushan , Annyapu Evanka , DeGroot Andrew L. , Best Benjamin , Braza Diane W. , Wang Marjorie C. , Vedantam Aditya
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Despite widespread use, there is limited evidence to support postsurgical rehabilitation to enhance neurological recovery after surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Outcomes research for DCM seldom accounts for the effect of postsurgical rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of postsurgical rehabilitation on outcomes after surgery for DCM.

METHODS

This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a single center. The study enrolled 66 patients who underwent spinal surgery for DCM. In addition to patient demographic, imaging, and surgical data, chart review was performed to document the timing, type, duration, and outcomes of postsurgical rehabilitation therapy. Outcomes were collected prospectively, including the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score, Neck Disability Index (NDI) score, and SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) score. Linear regression models were created to determine the independent effects of type and timing of postsurgical occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) on outcomes.

RESULTS

A total of 66 patients were included in the analysis. Multivariate regression analysis showed that postsurgical OT was associated with significantly greater improvement in 12-month SF-36 PCS scores (p = 0.009) and mJOA scores (p = 0.019). In the subset of patients who received therapy, delayed therapy (> 42 days after surgery) compared to early therapy (< 42 days after surgery) was associated with less improvement in SF-36 PCS scores (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Postsurgical outpatient rehabilitation was independently associated with improved postsurgical outcomes within the 1st year after surgery for DCM, and early therapy (< 42 days) was associated with superior outcomes compared to delayed therapy. This is one of the first studies to use a prospective database to demonstrate an independent effect for postsurgical rehabilitation on outcomes after surgery for DCM.