bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advance care directive documentation: issues for clinicians in New South Wales
Authors: Friedewald Mark I. , Cleasby Peter A.
Published: February 2017

Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the characteristics of documents presented as advance care directives (ACDs) at a public health organisation in New South Wales (NSW). It was envisaged that the findings would inform the refinement of locally developed educational strategies. Methods All ACD documents provided during hospital admissions and entered into the electronic medical record system over a 12-month period were reviewed. An audit tool was developed and used to identify whether key requirements for ACDs in NSW had been addressed. Results Of the 100 ACDs that were reviewed, only 50 were assessed as being valid to inform future clinical scenarios. Multiple templates with different designs and of varying length had been used. Conclusions Documents identified as ACDs may carry doubt about their validity. Clinicians require education about differences in template formats, the application of content to clinical decisions and associated legal responsibilities. What is known about this topic? Advance Care Directives in NSW exist without a specific legislative framework or prescriptive format. Clinicians are presented with a wide variety of documents with broad variance in content. What does this paper add? This paper describes the variance found within ACDs in detail, and identifies concerns about validity that healthcare systems need to consider. What are the implications for practitioners? Clinicians need to discern the validity and utility of ACDs before the content is used in the process of clinical decision-making.
Electrodeposition of Ni–Fe–Mn/Al2O3 functionally graded nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Torabinejad V. , Aliofkhazraei M. , Rouhaghdam A. S. , Allahyarzadeh M. H.
Published: February 2017

In this study the Ni–Fe–Mn/Al2O3 functionally graded (FG) coatings with thickness of 70 μm were fabricated onto mild steel substrates using pulse electrodeposition technique. Two types of FG coatings were deposited; the first type was synthesised through decreasing the pulse duty cycle gradually at a constant frequency and the second type was electrodeposited by increasing the frequency gradually at a constant duty cycle. The influences of pulse parameters including duty cycle and frequency on the microstructure, composition, microhardness corrosion and wear behaviour of electrodeposited FG nanocomposite coatings were evaluated. In the first type of coatings, Mn content was gradually decreased, also Fe and alumina contents changed in opposite directions. In the second type, chemical composition has not been affected through frequency alterations. The effect of frequency and duty cycle on the microhardness, corrosion and wear for different FG Ni–Fe–Mn/Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings was investigated.
The Teichmüller space of a countable set of points on a Riemann surface
Authors: Fujikawa Ege , Taniguchi Masahiko
Published: February 2017

We introduce the quasiconformal deformation space of an ordered countable set of an infinite number of points on a Riemann surface and give certain conditions under which it admits a complex structure via Teichmüller spaces of associated subsurfaces with the complement of the set of points. In a similar fashion, we give another definition of the quasiconformal deformation space of a finitely generated Kleinian group.
Insecticidal Control of the Pine Looper in Great Britain: II. Population assessment and fogging
Authors: Bevan D.
Published: February 2017

An attack by Bupalus piniarius L., the Pine looper, at Cannock Chase in 1953 (Forestry, xxxii. 166) led to an annual routine survey of pupal populations by the Forestry Commission. This survey revealed a gradual rise to epidemic levels at Tentsmuir by 1957 and to control by fogging. The paper describes the precautions taken before control to make sure that losses occurring between pupal and larval stage had not removed the threat. These precautions included sampling on a sufficient scale but the author shows how this last minute sampling could be much reduced by the assumption of a pupal count/egg density relationship. He describes the fogging technique and the climatic conditions needed for success and gives results in larval drop counts.
The Use of In Situ222Rn Soil Measurements in the Characterisation of Soil Profiles
Authors: Stieff L.R. , Stieff H.B.
Published: February 2017

Recent in situ222Rn/214Bi soil profile measurements on hermetically sealed and weighed samples have been made using a new, experimental field method based on sequential measurements of the prompt decay of the 214Bi counting rate. At least two 214Bi count rate measurements are made in the first 11/2-2 h after sample collection and sealing, To. Two subsequent 214Bi count rate measurements are made: the first within 4-12 h, and the second approximately 900 h after To. These measurements yield the following information for each sample: (1) the extrapolated, To214Bi count rate and, indirectly, the Toin situ222Rn activity; (2) a minimum 214Bi count rate if 222Rn was lost in the sampling process; and (3) a final, constant and usually a maximum 214Bi count rate reflecting the establishment of secular radioactive equilibrium between the 226Ra, 222Rn and 214Bi in the sealed sample. This information provides the basis for: (1) assesing the state of 226Ra/222Rn radioactive equilibrium in the soil sample for the 2-3 h period immediately preceding sample collection; (2) characterising the potential loss of 222Rn from a soil profile; (3) identifying factors contributing to the mobility and transport of 222Rn; and (4) modelling the 222Rn surface flux values that might be expected under different soil moisture and atmospheric conditions.
scRNASeqDB: a database for gene expression profiling in human single cell by RNA-seq
Authors: Cao Yuan , Zhu Junjie , Han Guangchun , Jia Peilin , Zhao Zhongming
Published: February 2017

Summary: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is quickly becoming a powerful tool for high-throughput transcriptomic analysis of cell states and dynamics. Both the number and quality of scRNA-Seq datasets have dramatically increased recently. So far, there is no database that comprehensively collects and curates scRNA-Seq data in humans. Here, we present scRNASeqDB, a database that includes almost all the currently available human single cell transcriptome datasets (n= 36) covering 71 human cell lines or types and 8910 samples. Our online web interface allows user to query and visualize expression profiles of the gene(s) of interest, search for genes that are expressed in different cell types or groups, or retrieve differentially expressed genes between cell types or groups. The scRNASeqDB is a valuable resource for single cell transcriptional studies.

Availability: The database is available athttps://bioinfo.uth.edu/scrnaseqdb/.

Contact:zhongming.zhao@uth.tmc.edu
Residents’ trust predicting attitudes towards infill development
Authors: Pennanen Kyösti , Puustinen Tuulia , Arvola Anne
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse what constitutes trust for residents in the infill development context, who are the targets of trust, and does residents’ trust predict their attitudes towards infill development.

Design/methodology/approach

Two studies were carried out. A qualitative study in three housing developments was followed by a quantitative study with 906 respondents in the Helsinki area, Finland.

Findings

Four stakeholders relevant to the residents’ trust were identified: the board of housing development, the housing manager, city planners, and construction companies. Three dimensions were found to constitute residents’ trust in these stakeholders (competence, benevolence and integrity). Furthermore, analyses revealed that trust in city planners and construction companies significantly predicted residents’ attitudes towards infill development.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study have implications on the management of the infill development process. More attention should be paid to how residents’ perceptions of trust towards the other stakeholders are formed in order to facilitate successful infill projects. The quantitative study was carried out in different residential areas. Based on this study, the authors were not able to analyse whether and how the characteristics of the residential areas might influence the results, which represents a limitation of this study.

Originality/value

This paper provides in-depth insights into the role of trust in explaining residents’ attitudes towards infill development. Previous research devoted to the topic is scarce, neglects residents’ perspectives and lacks empirical evidence. The discussions are mainly contemplation based on case examples. No previous studies have explicitly studied the significance of trust with large samples.
Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): an organism invisible to the defences of tomato fruits
Authors: da Silva R.S. , Marques A.E. , Ferreira D.O. , Costa Á.H. , Ribeiro A.V. , de Almeida Oliveira M.G. , Alves Meira R.M.S. , de Jesus Pereira L. , Picanço M.C.
Published: February 2017

Insect–plant interactions involving species of the genus Solanum have been intensively studied, resulting in several articles on insect–plant interactions. However, the interactions between herbivores and the fruits of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) are not well known. Neoleucinodes elegantalis is a borer that causes great yield losses in S. lycopersicum crops because of the direct damage that it causes to the fruits and the difficulty of controlling it. In the field, the outside of a tomato fruit infested with the larvae of N. elegantalis is visually similar to uninfested fruits. Even a minor injury by herbivores can elicit a defensive response. Due to the lack of studies on interactions between fruit borers and S. lycopersicum, our aim in this study was to determine the locations of S. lycopersicum fruit in which the N. elegantalis larvae prefer to feed. An evaluation of nutritional sources was done through histochemical and biochemical tests and the defensive response of the S. lycopersicum fruit to attack by N. elegantalis larvae was evaluated through the detection of protease inhibitors (PIs) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. Our results show that the columella region is preferred by the N. elegantalis larvae and that this region has a nutritional source. Furthermore, attack by N. elegantalis larvae in the columella does not induce a significant increase in lipoxygenase activity and PIs. Thus, our results provide a better understanding of the interaction between the larvae of N. elegantalis and S. lycopersicum fruits and a better understanding of the evolution of plant–herbivore interactions, with an emphasis on the choice of feeding location as a strategy to avoid plant defences.
Resilient Adaptation Among At‐Risk Children: Harnessing Science Toward Maximizing Salutary Environments
Authors: Luthar Suniya S. , Eisenberg Nancy
Published: February 2017

Compiled in this Special Section are recommendations from multiple experts on how to maximize resilience among children at risk for maladjustment. Contributors delineated processes with relatively strong effects and modifiable by behavioral interventions. Commonly highlighted was fostering the well‐being of caregivers via regular support, reduction of maltreatment while promoting positive parenting, and strengthening emotional self‐regulation of caregivers and children. In future work, there must be more attention to developing and testing interventions within real‐world settings (not just in laboratories) and to ensuring feasibility in procedures, costs, and assessments involved. Such movement will require shifts in funding priorities—currently focused largely on biological processes—toward maximizing the benefits from large‐scale, empirically supported intervention programs for today's at‐risk youth and families.
Proprioceptive mechanisms in occlusion‐stimulated masseter hypercontraction
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Chunkui , Wang Dongmei , Zhang Hongyun , Liu Xiaodong , Li Jinlian , Wang Meiqing
Published: February 2017

Neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vme) have an axon that branches peripherally to innervate the orofacial region and projects centrally to the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo). They function as the primary neurons conveying proprioceptive messages. The present study aimed to demonstrate the presence of a periodontal–Vme–Vmo circuit and to provide evidence for its involvement in an experimental unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) model, which can induce osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joint. Cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) was injected into the inferior alveolar nerve of rats to help identify the central axon terminals of Vme neurons in the Vmo. The levels of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) expressed in the periodontal region, Vme, Vmo, and masseter, and the level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expressed in the masseter, were assessed in UAC rats and controls. In CTb‐treated rats, many CTb‐labeled cell bodies and endings were identified in the Vme and in the Vmo, respectively. In UAC rats, VGLUT1 was expressed at a statistically significantly higher level in the periodontal ligament, Vme, Vmo, and masseter than it was in control rats. The level of AChE protein was 1.97 times higher in UAC rat masseter compared with control rat masseter. These findings reveal a trigeminal mechanism underlying masseter hyperactivity induced by an altered occlusion.
Improving exchange with consumers within mental health organizations: Recognizing mental ill health experience as a ‘sneaky, special degree’
Authors: Scholz Brett , Bocking Julia , Happell Brenda
Published: February 2017

Stigmatizing views towards consumers may be held even by those working within mental health organizations. Contemporary mental health policies require organizations to work collaboratively with consumers in producing and delivering services. Using social exchange theory, which emphasises mutual exchange to maximise benefits in partnership, the current study explores the perspectives of those working within organizations that have some level of consumer leadership. Interviews were conducted with 14 participants from a range of mental health organizations. Data were transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analytic and discursive psychological techniques. Findings suggest stigma is still prevalent even in organizations that have consumers in leadership positions, and consumers are often perceived as less able to work in mental health organizations than non‐consumers. Several discourses challenged such a view – showing how consumers bring value to mental health organizations through their expertise in the mental health system, and their ability to provide safety and support to other consumers. Through a social exchange theory lens, the authors call for organizations to challenge stigma and promote the value that consumers can bring to maximize mutual benefits.
Development of a model care pathway for adults undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: Evidence‐based key interventions and indicators
Authors: van Zelm Ruben , Janssen Ingrid , Vanhaecht Kris , de Buck van Overstraeten Anthony , Panella Massimiliano , Sermeus Walter , Coeckelberghs Ellen
Published: February 2017

Rationale, aims, and objectives

During the last decades, perioperative care for patients with colorectal cancer has shifted towards more standardized care, so‐called “enhanced recovery after surgery.” Those programs aim to optimize interventions in perioperative care to decrease the rate of postoperative complications, improve patients' recovery, and shorten hospital stay. The purpose of this literature review is to identify, summarize, and operationalize the clinical content of both key interventions and clinical indicators to develop an evidence‐based model pathway for surgical patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods

A systematic search in 3 databases was conducted to identify key interventions (KIs) and indicators to measure the effect of implementation of care pathways. The KIs from the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol were listed and used as framework to identify and match KIs used in the included studies. The Clinical Pathway Compass was used to categorize the indicators.

Results

Fifteen studies were included. The number of KI used in the study protocols ranged from 9 to 20. In total, 33 KIs were identified. Little information was available concerning the implementation of and compliance to the protocol. Length of stay and complication rate are the most common used indicators (used in 15/15 and 14/15 of the studies), followed by 21 other measures. All but one of the included studies reported a reduction in length of stay.

Conclusion

There is a considerable variation in both number of KIs and indicators as well as operationalization of key interventions, for surgical patients with colorectal cancer documented in literature. Therefore, we summarized the input from different studies and developed an evidence‐based model pathway, which can serve as a basis for a local/regional care pathway team to build their own pathway.
Atrophin protein RERE positively regulates Notch targets in the developing vertebrate spinal cord
Authors: Wang Hui , Gui Hongxing , Rallo Michael S. , Xu Zhiyan , Matise Michael P.
Published: February 2017

The Notch signaling pathway controls cell fate decision, proliferation, and other biological functions in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Precise regulation of the canonical Notch pathway ensures robustness of the signal throughout development and adult tissue homeostasis. Aberrant Notch signaling results in profound developmental defects and is linked to many human diseases. In this study, we identified the Atrophin family protein RERE (also called Atro2) as a positive regulator of Notch target Hes genes in the developing vertebrate spinal cord. Prior studies have shown that during early embryogenesis in mouse and zebrafish, deficit of RERE causes various patterning defects in multiple organs including the neural tube. Here, we detected the expression of RERE in the developing chick spinal cord, and found that normal RERE activity is needed for proper neural progenitor proliferation and neuronal differentiation possibly by affecting Notch‐mediated Hes expression. In mammalian cells, RERE co‐immunoprecipitates with CBF1 and Notch intracellular domain (NICD), and is recruited to nuclear foci formed by over‐expressed NICD1. RERE is also necessary for NICD to activate the expression of Notch target genes. Our findings suggest that RERE stimulates Notch target gene expression by preventing degradation of NICD protein, thereby facilitating the assembly of a transcriptional activating complex containing NICD, CBF1/RBPjκ in vertebrate, Su(H) in Drosophila melanogaster, Lag1 in C. elegans, and other coactivators.

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Experiences of adolescent lung transplant recipients: A qualitative study
Authors: Anderson S. M. , Wray J. , Ralph A. , Spencer H. , Lunnon‐Wood T. , Gannon K.
Published: February 2017

Many young transplant recipients experience psychological distress and adjustment difficulties, yet there is little research investigating lung transplantation from the recipients’ perspective. This qualitative study aimed to explore experiences of young people who underwent lung transplantation. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with six lung transplant recipients (aged 15‐18). Interviews were analysed using IPA, a qualitative research approach examining how people make sense of their major life experiences. The analysis revealed three master themes: “Living with Dodgy Lungs” outlined how participants dealt with their experiences, managing through accepting or discussing their feelings with others, although talking was often difficult. “The Big Deal” reflected participants’ experiences of the process, their expectations, and the contrast of their lives pre‐ and post‐transplant. Inherent in their accounts was the profound meaning ascribed to transplantation, the emotional turmoil, and impact on their lives. “A Sense of Self” illustrated participants’ developing identities within their social contexts and at times isolating experiences. The results highlight key areas where adolescent lung transplant recipients could be supported by clinicians, enabling the promotion of psychological well‐being. Examples include supporting identity integration post‐transplant, facilitating social inclusion, considering alternative means of support, and involving adolescents in healthcare decisions.
Thinking about the patient's wishes: practical wisdom of discharge planning nurses in assisting surrogate decision‐making
Authors: Kageyama Yoko , Asano Midori
Published: February 2017

Background

The accelerating trend towards shorter hospital stays in Japan has made modes of decision‐making essential for effective patient transition from the hospital to recuperation in the regional community, and the ageing of the population has brought a rise in surrogate decision‐making by the families of patients lacking decision‐making (‘self‐decision’) capacity.

Aim

To verbalise and elucidate the practical wisdom of discharge planning nurses by focusing on the perceptions and judgements, they apply in practice and describing their methodology in concrete terms.

Research method

Participants were six discharge planning nurses and one person with previous experience as a discharge planning nurse, all working at discharge planning departments of acute care hospitals. Separate, semi‐structured, interactive interviews were conducted with each participant. The study design was qualitative descriptive in form with qualitative content analysis. All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study, which was approved by the study institution.

Results

Three concepts were extracted as the basis for discharge planning nurses’ perception and judgement at acute care hospitals: working for mutual envisionment of the available postdischarge options; helping the family act as spokesperson(s) for the patient's wishes; and understanding the family inclusive of the patient as a relationship of strongly interaffecting interests.

Conclusion

The practical wisdom of the nurse, working in mutual envisionment with the family, and collaborative decision‐making through discussion with those who know the patient, leads to rational discharge assistance.
Women's experiences of nurse case management on a gynaecological oncology unit in a Swiss tertiary hospital. A thematic analysis
Authors: Grob Silvia , Bläuer Cornelia , Frei Irena Anna
Published: February 2017

Rationale

Women with gynaecological cancer face various physical, social and emotional challenges concerning their health. Existing research shows that case management can improve patient satisfaction and reduce readmission rates. Although nurse case management was introduced on a gynaecological oncology unit in a Swiss university hospital in 2013, little is known about the experiences of female patients on a unit that uses this model of care.

Aims

The aims were to explore women's experiences and to gain deeper understanding about hospital‐based nurse case management on a gynaecological oncology unit and to qualitatively evaluate the concept of nurse case management.

Methods

Sound research knowledge suggests that experiences are best explored with a qualitative research design. Ten participant interviews were conducted and inductively analysed between September 2014 and May 2015 as described by the thematic analysis method. Ethical approval was obtained, and the women signed a consent form.

Results

The first theme was named continuous relationship, with the nurse case manager as contact person and trusted partner. Study participants explained that friendliness and being present were essential qualities of nurse case management. Secondly, an essential support for women dealing with the situation of gynaecological cancer was described in the theme sharing information. The organisation of rehabilitation and other services by the nurse case management defined the third theme coordinating care.

Conclusions and limitations

Trust was seen as the basis of the continuous relationship, marked by friendliness and presence of the nurse case manager. The helpful approach of persons practicing nurse case management made dealing with the situation of illness easier for women with gynaecological cancer. Coordination of information between the nurse case management and other healthcare services could be improved. Further evaluation is suggested to explore effects of the concept on family members.
Location‐invariant Multi‐sample U‐tests for Covariance Matrices with Large Dimension
Authors: Ahmad M. Rauf
Published: February 2017

For two or more multivariate distributions with common covariance matrix, test statistics for certain special structures of the common covariance matrix are presented when the dimension of the multivariate vectors may exceed the number of such vectors. The test statistics are constructed as functions of location‐invariant estimators defined as U‐statistics, and the corresponding asymptotic theory is used to derive the limiting distributions of the proposed tests. The properties of the test statistics are established under mild and practical assumptions, and the same are numerically demonstrated using simulation results with small or moderate sample sizes and large dimensions.
When and Why are Principal Component Scores a Good Tool for Visualizing High‐dimensional Data?
Authors: Hellton Kristoffer H. , Thoresen Magne
Published: February 2017

Principal component analysis is a popular dimension reduction technique often used to visualize high‐dimensional data structures. In genomics, this can involve millions of variables, but only tens to hundreds of observations. Theoretically, such extreme high dimensionality will cause biased or inconsistent eigenvector estimates, but in practice, the principal component scores are used for visualization with great success. In this paper, we explore when and why the classical principal component scores can be used to visualize structures in high‐dimensional data, even when there are few observations compared with the number of variables. Our argument is twofold: First, we argue that eigenvectors related to pervasive signals will have eigenvalues scaling linearly with the number of variables. Second, we prove that for linearly increasing eigenvalues, the sample component scores will be scaled and rotated versions of the population scores, asymptotically. Thus, the visual information of the sample scores will be unchanged, even though the sample eigenvectors are biased. In the case of pervasive signals, the principal component scores can be used to visualize the population structures, even in extreme high‐dimensional situations.
Modified Thomas splint‐cast combination for the management of limb fractures in small equids
Authors: Ladefoged Søren , Grulke Sigrid , Busoni Valeria , Serteyn Didier , Salciccia Alexandra , Verwilghen Denis
Published: February 2017

Objective

To describe the management and outcome of limb fractures in small domestic equids treated with a modified Thomas splint‐cast combination (MTSCC).

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Client owned horses and donkeys.

Methods

Medical records, including radiographs, were reviewed for details of animals diagnosed with a limb fracture and treated by external coaptation using a MTSCC (2001‐2012). Follow‐up >6 months after discharge was obtained via telephone consultation with owners or veterinarians.

Results

Nine horses and 4 donkeys were identified with fractures of the tibial diaphysis (n = 4), ulna (n = 3), distal metatarsus (n = 2), proximal metacarpus (n = 1), radial diaphysis (n = 1), calcaneus (n = 1), and distal femoral physis (n = 1). Follow‐up was available for 12 equids, of which 8 (67%) recovered from the fracture and became pasture sound. Six equids developed obvious external deformation of the affected limb.

Conclusion

Selected small equids with long bone fractures, and without athletic expectations, can be managed with external coaptation using an MTSCC. The owner should be informed that the treatment is considered a salvage procedure.
A Preliminary Study on the Application of Statistical Process Control (SPC) Towards Process Efficiency: Case Study in Food Industries
Authors: Mohd Yunus Mohd Fadil , Taib Che Azlan , Iteng Rosman
Published: February 2017

Today’s in an environment that is becoming increasingly global and challenging, the small and medium entrepreneurs (SMEs) in Malaysia face new challenges with competitive, especially for strengthening the capacity and capability to enhance the performance of processing and production of high-quality products. This goal is one of the contribution through the use of a such quality tools likes statistical process control (SPC). SPC is a management tool techniques to control and improve processes in the production industry, but studies on the use of the SPC by the food industry in Malaysia is limited. The use of SPC such as control charts and analysis of process capability (Cp) enable food manufacturers to make decisions and improve quality of products produced to product defect, improve processes, ensure the reliability of the products and thus increase customer satisfaction. A survey was developed based on preliminary study for application of the SPC in the food industry involving in SMEs companies.  A total of 30 journal articles are selected for review the scenario implementation of SPC. The articles publishing on the implementation of the SPC in Malaysia focusing on non-food industry such as automotive, health services, textile, semiconductor, construction, chemical and others.  A preliminary study show the implementation of the SPC in the food industry is relevant mainly for quality improvement of food safety and enhance opportunity for security for food industry in Malaysia in the future by open global market.
Service Learning: Experiences and Perceptions Towards Students in UTM, Malaysia
Authors: Md Salleh Mohd Syafiq , Mokhtar Mahani
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of students who successfully completed their service learning projects in UTM. The qualitative approach was using and four main themes are emerged from the students interview, such as pedagogical aspect, personal benefits, challenges and problems. The findings showed that service learning has great implication and beneficial for students and community and develop soft skills for their career benefits.
Determinants Of Burnout And Stress On Students Health: A Study Of Iranian Expatriate International Students
Authors: A Malekian Khatereh , Khan Aqeel
Published: February 2017

Current research explore analysing the prevalence of stress and burnout among Iranian international students and the partnership of stress and burnout with their health status. The results shows that stress and burnout among international students is a valid event. The conclusions shows that burnout and stress among international students is a valid event. Upon investigation, study workload to be the prime stressor. Because of the close relationship burnout and stress have with health position of the individuals, Because of the close relationship stress and burnout have with health position of the individuals, ways of reducing the international students' workload and help with emotional exhaustion recommended before it causes a detrimental amount of burnout. Results didn't determine any relationship among demographic characteristics of individuals and their stress/burnout event.
THE CAPITAL FLIGHT FROM INDIA: A CASE OF MISSING WOODS FOR TREES?
Authors: PRADHAN ASHIS KUMAR , HIREMATH GOURISHANKAR S.
Published: February 2017

The surge of capital inflow into emerging markets since the 1990s has attracted much research, but capital flight from these economies has received scant attention in research and policy debates, despite its severe implications. The present study attempts to address the issue of capital flight and gap in the literature. Our estimates show a steep increase in the magnitude of capital flight from India since 2003, and empirical results suggest that the significant determinants of capital flight are GDP and exchange rate. We find that higher interest rates discourage capital flight; while keeping interest rates high may partially restrict capital flight, it is infeasible, and may impede future economic growth. Our findings suggest the need for interventions and changes in the current policy framework to improve investment opportunities for residents and arrest capital flight.
Experimental Gaming Comparison of Resource Allocation Rules in Case of Transferable Utilities
Authors: Korgin N. A. , Korepanov V. O.
Published: February 2017

The present paper discusses the comparative analysis results of resource allocation rules using experiments in the form of business games. The comparative analysis involves five rules. The resource allocation mechanism that gives the efficient solution of the problem without transferable utility, implementing it as dominant strategy equilibrium in the agents game, so called Uniform rule. The mechanism with balanced payments introduced earlier by authors using the Groves Ledyard rule that gives the efficient solution of the problem as a Nash equilibrium in the agents game, as well as its modification reducing the dimension of the action space of the agents. The mechanism from the class of proportional allocation mechanisms, where, the efficient resource allocation also represents a Nash equilibrium, but the payments are unbalanced. Last mechanism in the comparative analysis was originally developed as a distributed optimization algorithm.
Political Stability: Analysis Using TOPSIS and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Wade Marc D. , Telik Adi , Malik Davender S. , Mordeson John N.
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we use a technique for order preference called TOPSIS, to determine the ranking of importance of certain subfactors of causal factors of political stability. We introduce the use of intuitionistc fuzzy sets in the analysis.
Beekeeping from Antiquity Through the Middle Ages
Authors: Kritsky Gene
Published: February 2017

Beekeeping had its origins in honey hunting—the opportunistic stealing of honey from wild honey bee nests. True beekeeping began when humans started providing artificial cavities within which the bees could build comb for the queen to lay her eggs and the workers could process honey. By 2450 BCE, the Egyptians had developed sophisticated apiculture, and, within two millennia, beekeeping with horizontal hives had spread throughout the Mediterranean. During Europe's Middle Ages, honey and wax became important commodities for trade, and beekeeping in skep, log, box, and tree hives flourished to meet the demand. Other species of honey bees contributed to the development and spread of beekeeping in Asia beginning around 300 BCE. Meanwhile, beekeeping evolved independently in Mesoamerica with the stingless bee Melipona beecheii, as documented by archaeological finds and written accounts that survived Spanish conquest.
Spatial Self-Organization of Ecosystems: Integrating Multiple Mechanisms of Regular-Pattern Formation
Authors: Pringle Robert M. , Tarnita Corina E.
Published: February 2017

Large-scale regular vegetation patterns are common in nature, but their causes are disputed. Whereas recent theory focuses on scale-dependent feedbacks as a potentially universal mechanism, earlier studies suggest that many regular spatial patterns result from territorial interference competition between colonies of social-insect ecosystem engineers, leading to hexagonally overdispersed nest sites and associated vegetation. Evidence for this latter mechanism is scattered throughout decades of disparate literature and lacks a unified conceptual framework, fueling skepticism about its generality in debates over the origins of patterned landscapes. We review these mechanisms and debates, finding evidence that spotted and gapped vegetation patterns generated by ants, termites, and other subterranean animals are globally widespread, locally important for ecosystem functioning, and consistent with models of intraspecific territoriality. Because these and other mechanisms of regular-pattern formation are not mutually exclusive and can coexist and interact at different scales, the prevailing theoretical outlook on spatial self-organization in ecology must expand to incorporate the dynamic interplay of multiple processes.
The effectiveness of TBL with real patients in neurology education in terms of knowledge retention, in-class engagement, and learner reactions
Authors: Alimoglu Mustafa Kemal , Yardım Selda , Uysal Hilmi
Published: February 2017

In our medical school, we changed from a lecture-based method to a team-based learning (TBL) method to teach “polyneuropathies” in the neurology clerkship starting from the 2014 to 2015 academic year. Real patients were used instead of written scenarios in TBL sessions. This study aimed to compare former lecture-based and the current TBL methods in terms of knowledge retention, in-class learner engagement, and learner reactions. First, we determined in-class engagement and satisfaction of the students for the lectures given in the 2013–2014 academic year. The following year, besides the same criteria, we also determined individual (IRAT) and group readiness test (GRAT) scores in the TBL group. End-of-clerkship exam scores for both groups were recorded. Additionally, opinions of patients about their experiences throughout the TBL process were determined. One year later (2015 for lecture and 2016 for TBL), both groups sat for an MCQ test to determine their knowledge retention levels. We found no difference between groups regarding end-of-clerkship exam scores. The mean knowledge retention test score of the TBL group was significantly higher than that of the lecture group (5.85 ± 1.74 vs. 3.28 ± 1.70). The differences between IRAT, GRAT, and retention test scores in the TBL group were significant. The mean student satisfaction score on a five-point scale was 3.01 ± 0.9 (median = 3) in the lecture group and 4.11 ± 1.1 (median = 4) in the TBL group. Our results seem encouraging for use of TBL performed with real patients in neurology education to achieve better long-term knowledge retention and higher in-class engagement and student satisfaction.
Low Power FGSRAM Cell Using Sleepy and LECTOR Technique
Authors: Ray Kanan Bala , Mandal Sushanta Kumar , Patro Shivalal
Published: February 2017

In this paper floating gate MOS (FGMOS) along with sleep transistor technique and leakage control transistor (LECTOR) technique has been used to design low power SRAM cell. Detailed investigation on operation, analysis and result comparison of conventional 6T, FGSRAM, FGSLEEPY, FGLECTOR and FGSLEEPY LECTOR has been done. All the simulations are done in Cadence Virtuoso environment on 45 nm standard CMOS technology with 1 V power supply voltage. Simulation results show that FGSLEEPY LECTOR SRAM cell consumes very low power and achieves high stability compared to conventional FGSRAM Cell
A Quantum Entanglement Swapping Secret Sharing Agreement Model
Authors: Wu Shuyue
Published: February 2017

A verifiable quantum secret sharing protocol model is proposed based on entanglement swapping. The dealer communicates with the participants one by one. The detection pattern or information pattern are choosed by uniform distribution, until he can make sure the information safe to the participant, and then he communicates with the next participant. This agreement not only is to avoid eavesdropping outside, and it can prevent internal fraud, thus the accuracy and security are ensured for information sharing, the verifiable results are achieved.
The Change in Low Cloud Cover in a Warmed Climate Inferred from AIRS, MODIS, and ERA-Interim
Authors: McCoy Daniel T. , Eastman Ryan , Hartmann Dennis L. , Wood Robert
Published: February 2017

Decreases in subtropical low cloud cover (LCC) occur in climate model simulations of global warming. In this study 8-day-averaged observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) spanning 2002–14 are combined with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis to compute the dependence of the observed variability of LCC on various predictor variables. Large-scale thermodynamic and dynamic predictors of LCC are selected based on insight from large-eddy simulations (LESs) and observational analysis. It is found that increased estimated inversion strength (EIS) is associated with increased LCC. Drying of the free troposphere is associated with decreased LCC. Decreased LCC accompanies subsidence in regions of relatively low EIS; the opposite is found in regions of high EIS. Finally, it is found that increasing sea surface temperature (SST) leads to a decrease in LCC. These results are in keeping with previous studies of monthly and annual data. Based upon the observed response of LCC to natural variability of the control parameters, the change in LCC is estimated for an idealized warming scenario where SST increases by 1 K and EIS increases by 0.2 K. For this change in EIS and SST the LCC is inferred to decrease by 0.5%–2.7% when the regression models are trained on data observed between 40°S and 40°N and by 1.1%–1.4% when trained on data from trade cumulus–dominated regions. When the data used to train the regression model are restricted to stratocumulus-dominated regions the change in LCC is highly uncertain and varies between −1.6% and +1.4%, depending on the stratocumulus-dominated region used to train the regression model.
Scaling and Distributional Properties of Precipitation Interamount Times
Authors: Schleiss Marc
Published: February 2017

The scaling and distributional properties of precipitation interamount times (IATs) are investigated using 10 years of high-resolution rain gauge observations from the U.S. Climate Reference Network. Results show that IATs above 200 mm tend to be approximately uncorrelated and normally distributed. As one moves toward smaller scales, autocorrelation and skewness increase and distributions progressively evolve into Weibull, Gamma, lognormal, and Pareto. This procession is interpreted as a sign of increasing complexity from large to small scales in a system composed of many interacting components. It shows that, as one approaches finer scales, IATs take over more of the characteristics of power-law distributions and (multi)fractals. Regression analysis on the log moments reveals that IATs generally exhibit better scaling, that is, smaller departures from multifractality, than precipitation amounts over the same range of scales. The improvement is attributed to the fact that IATs, unlike rainfall rates, always remain positive, no matter how small the scale. In particular, the scaling is shown to be more resilient to dry periods within rain events. Nevertheless, most analyzed IAT time series still exhibited a breakpoint at about 20 mm (7 days), corresponding to the average lifetime of a low pressure system at midlatitudes. Additional breakpoints in IATs at smaller and larger time scales are possible, but could not be determined unambiguously. The results highlight the potential of IATs as a new and promising tool for the stochastic modeling, simulation, and downscaling of precipitation.
Estimates of Surface Wind Stress and Drag Coefficients in Typhoon Megi
Authors: Hsu Je-Yuan , Lien Ren-Chieh , D’Asaro Eric A. , Sanford Thomas B.
Published: February 2017

Estimates of drag coefficients beneath Typhoon Megi (2010) are calculated from roughly hourly velocity profiles of three EM-APEX floats, air launched ahead of the storm, and from air-deployed dropsondes measurements and microwave estimates of the 10-m wind field. The profiles are corrected to minimize contributions from tides and low-frequency motions and thus isolate the current induced by Typhoon Megi. Surface wind stress is computed from the linear momentum budget in the upper 150 m. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the oceanic response to Typhoon Megi indicate that with small corrections, the linear momentum budget is accurate to 15% before the passage of the eye but cannot be applied reliably thereafter. Monte Carlo error estimates indicate that stress estimates can be made for wind speeds greater than 25 m s−1; the error decreases with greater wind speeds. Downwind and crosswind drag coefficients are computed from the computed stress and the mapped wind data. Downwind drag coefficients increase to 3.5 ± 0.7 × 10−3 at 31 m s−1, a value greater than most previous estimates, but decrease to 2.0 ± 0.4 × 10−3 for wind speeds > 45 m s−1, in agreement with previous estimates. The crosswind drag coefficient of 1.6 ± 0.5 × 10−3 at wind speeds 30–45 m s−1 implies that the wind stress is about 20° clockwise from the 10-m wind vector and thus not directly downwind, as is often assumed.
Does the Structural Budget Balance Guide Fiscal Policy Pro-Cyclically? Evidence from the Finnish Great Depression of the 1990s
Authors: Kuusi Tero
Published: February 2017

In this article, I evaluate the challenges related to the European Commission's output gap method of calculating the structural budgetary position, and assess its bottom-up alternatives in the EU's fiscal framework using the Finnish data for the years 1984–2014. The results reinforce the impression of the limited capacity of the output gap method to predict cyclical changes in real time and suggest that using the output gap method to steer fiscal policy tends to lead to a procyclical policy (stimulus in upturns and austerity in downturns). The bottom-up assessment methods that are based on discretionary fiscal policy measures appear to work better, and using them to steer fiscal policy could make the policy more effective.
Plain Language Summary: Improving Nasal Form and Function after Rhinoplasty
Authors: Ishii Lisa E. , O’Connor Sarah S. , Strike Deborah J. , Walsh Sandra A.
Published: February 2017

Objective.This plain language summary serves as an overview in explaining rhinoplasty and to aid patients and clinicians in their discussion of expectations, planning care, and improving surgical outcomes. The summary applies to patients 15 years of age and older and is based on the 2017 “Clinical Practice Guideline: Improving Nasal Form and Function after Rhinoplasty.” The evidence‐based guideline includes research to support effective identification and treatment of rhinoplasty candidates. The guideline was developed as a quality improvement opportunity for pre‐ and postoperative management of rhinoplasty patients by creating clear recommendations to use in medical practice.
Two Deep-Historical Models of Climate Crisis
Authors: Tomlinson Gary
Published: February 2017

In a series of recent essays, Dipesh Chakrabarty has analyzed the Anthropocene as a problem of incommensurable conceptual scales and offered a historiographic meditation on the difficulty of visualizing its threat. After surveying Chakrabarty's analysis, this essay poses two thought experiments in such visualization. Each takes its start from a type of model used in evolutionary studies, respectively, the feedback systems of niche construction and the graphing of fitness or adaptive “landscapes.” In each case the model is adapted in qualitative ways in order to encounter a deep human history, and each thus aims to represent the systemic changes in this history that anthropogenic climate change has brought about.
Όνειρα για την Preciosa/όνειρα με την Preciosa: από τον Θερβάντες στον Λόρκα και από τον Λόρκα στον Ελύτη
Authors: Ιβάνοβιτς Βίκτωρ
Published: February 2017

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Η εικόνα της Αμερικής στην ελληνική λογοτεχνία του 19ου αιώνα.: Ανάμεσα στον εξωτισμό και την ουτοπία
Authors: Σταυροπούλου Έρη
Published: February 2017

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