bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The feasibility and acceptability of using mobile methods for capturing and analysing data about dog-walking and human health
Authors: Cameron Carla , Smith Catherine M. , Tumility Steve , Treharne Gareth J.
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of Mobile Methods to capture and analyse data relating to a test research question: “How does dog-walking influence health and well-being?” in healthy dog walkers. Eleven self-reported healthy adults from the Otago region of New Zealand were interviewed twice between 18/3/13 and 12/6/13. One of the interviews took place during their regular dog-walk. In Design One a walk-along interview was followed by a participatory analysis session and in Design Two a sit-down interview was followed by a walk-along interview. Qualitative analysis of the feasibility and acceptability of Mobile Methods was guided by a general inductive thematic approach. Four themes were identified: 1) Walk-along interviews are dynamic in nature; 2) Walk-along interviews generate enriched data; 3) Sharing ideas; and 4) Logistical challenges of walk-along interviews. Memory triggers, human-dog interactions, and environmental connections provided enriched qualitative data in Design One. For future dog-walking research we recommend using familiar route(s), during daylight hours, with data recorded by headmounted video cameras and supplemented with field notes.
reliability of measuring the inter-recti distance using high resolution and low-resolution ultrasound imaging comparing a novice to an experienced sonographer
Authors: Iwan Tom , Garton Briar , Ellis Richard
Published: October 2014

Diastasis recti abdominis is an increase in inter-recti distance. This commonly occurs in women postpartum and may lead to weakness and dysfunction of the abdominal muscles. Ultrasound imaging has been previously used to quantify the interrecti distance. The aims of this study were: 1) to examine the reliability of an experienced versus a novice sonographer in the measurement of inter-recti distance, and 2) to examine the reliability of using high-resolution versus low-resolution ultrasound imaging in the measurement of inter-recti distance. Ultrasound measures of the inter-recti distance were recorded in thirty healthy participants at rest and during an abdominal contraction by both an experienced and novice sonographer. Intra-rater, within-session measurement of inter-recti distance demonstrated good to very good reliability. Intra-rater, between session reliability remained very good for the experienced sonographer but declined for the novice sonographer. Results demonstrated excellent agreement between both low and high-resolution ultrasound imaging with no significant differences recorded. There were no significant differences between the novice and experienced sonographers’ measurements. The results of this study indicate the potential of low-resolution ultrasound imaging to be implemented clinically in the future.
Secagem ao ar livre da madeira para produção de carvão vegetal
Authors: Zanuncio Antonio José Vinha , Lima José Tarcísio , Monteiro Thiago Campos , Trugilho Paulo Fernando , Lima Fernanda Silveira
Published: October 2014

A estocagem ao ar livre é o método mais utilizado de secagem de madeira para produção de carvão. Todavia, a secagem natural de toras é pouco estudada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação entre estocagem e propriedades energéticas da madeira e do carvão. Toras de 1,2 m de comprimento, retiradas dos troncos a 1,3 m do solo, de dez diferentes materiais genéticos, foram utilizadas. As carbonizações ocorreram em mufla após um, dois e três meses de estocagem, à taxa de aquecimento de 1,67ºC/min, temperatura máxima de 450ºC e tempo de residência de 30 minutos. O poder calorífico da madeira, o rendimento gravimétrico na base seca e úmida, a análise química imediata e o poder calorífico do carvão foram avaliados. O poder calorífico líquido da madeira aumentou após a estocagem e, baseado neste parâmetro, o tempo ótimo de estocagem variou entre dois e três meses para os diferentes materiais. Considerando-se a carbonização, apenas o rendimento gravimétrico na base úmida foi afetado pela estocagem. A secagem foi importante para reduzir a umidade da madeira, favorecendo seu uso para energia.
Eficiência da Madeira de Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) Tratada com CCB Contra Cupins Xilófagos em Ensaio de Laboratório
Authors: Paes Juarez Benigno , Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Guedes Rozileudo da Silva , Souza Pierre Farias de
Published: October 2014

A pesquisa objetivou analisar a eficiência do CCB-Óxido na resistência da madeira de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) ao cupim Nasutitermes corniger, em ensaio de preferência alimentar. Foram colhidas 12 árvores com diâmetro de 6,0 a 12,0 cm, tomado a 1,30 m do solo, em Patos, Paraíba. Os troncos foram seccionados em peças de 2,0 m e descascados. Foi utilizada uma solução de 2% de ingredientes ativos de CCB-Óxido. As peças foram submersas (50 cm da base) na solução de tratamento por 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias, e determinaram-se a penetração e a retenção do produto a 50 e 100 cm da base das peças. Foram retiradas amostras de 1,5 × 1,5 × 15,0 cm entre essas posições, sendo submetidas durante 45 dias ao ataque dos cupins. O tratamento conferiu melhorias na resistência da madeira de leucena ao cupim, tendo o tempo de tratamento de 12 dias promovido proteção adequada à madeira.
Efeito da Concentração na Ascensão de Soluções Preservativas Preparadas com CCB em Moirões de Eucalyptus
Authors: Paes Juarez Benigno , Lopes Dercílio Junior Verly , Gonçalves Fabricio Gomes , Brito Flávia Maria Silva , Lombardi Lucas Recla
Published: October 2014

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar o efeito da concentração na ascensão de soluções preservativas no tempo de tratamento em moirões de Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis. Foram preparadas soluções com quatro concentrações de ingredientes ativos de borato de cobre cromatado - CCB, com 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0%. Foi empregado o método de substituição de seiva por transpiração radial e tratados cinco moirões para cada concentração. O tempo de ascensão para as respectivas concentrações foram de 8, 7, 5 e 3 dias. A penetração foi analisada em quatro posições nos moirões e a retenção, na posição correspondente à zona de afloramento em moirões instalados. As penetrações de boro e cobre foram satisfatórias para os moirões tratados com solução de 3,0%, tendo aqueles tratados com 2,0% atingido valores próximos aos recomendados pela legislação brasileira. As retenções nas amostras externas dos discos atingiram valores recomendados, exceto nos moirões tratados com 0,5%. O incremento da concentração da solução causou a diminuição do tempo de tratamento dos moirões.
Deposição de serapilheira e nutrientes em plantio de Eucalyptus urophylla × E. globulus
Authors: Viera Márcio , Schumacher Mauro Valdir , Araújo Elias Frank , Corrêa Robson Schaff , Caldeira Marcos Vinicius Winckler
Published: October 2014

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a deposição de serapilheira e nutrientes em plantio de Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus globulus, em Eldorado do Sul-RS. Foram alocadas sistematicamente quatro parcelas de 20 m × 20 m, cada uma com quatro coletores de serapilheira de 1 m². A serapilheira foi coletada quinzenalmente, entre janeiro/2007 e dezembro/2010. A produção de serapilheira foi crescente, com o aumento da idade do povoamento, sendo 6,9 Mg ha-1 aos seis e 8,5 Mg ha-1 aos nove anos. A fração folhas correspondeu, em média, a 66,9% da serapilheira total, seguida pelos galhos finos (14,7%), miscelânea (10,5%) e galhos grossos (7,9%). A deposição apresentou padrão sazonal, sendo maior no período de aumento da temperatura do ar. A fração folhas foi responsável por maior parte do retorno de nutrientes via serapilheira, variando de 58,2 a 81,8% da quantidade de Cu e N, respectivamente.
Rare Disease: Lobar Holoprosencephaly with a Median Cleft Lip—Case Report
Authors: Radojicic Julija , Tanic Tatjana , Pesic Zoran , Jovic Nebojsa , Cutovic Tatjana , Filipovic Gordana
Published: October 2014

Holoprosencephaly is a complex malformation of the brain associated with the median facial defects. Variability of the clinical picture is the characteristic of this anomaly. In most cases, the degree of severity of the facial anomaly correlates with the degree of damage to the brain. This article aims to present a rare case of child with a milder form of brain anomaly combined with a severe form of facial anomaly. The article also presents the application of a feeding stimulator to improve the child's quality of life. The anomaly was diagnosed by postnatal sonography of the brain, magnetic resonance imaging of the endocranium, and three-dimensional computed tomography of the craniofacial skeleton.
Decay and Nutrient Release Patterns of Weeds Following Post-Emergent Glyphosate Control
Authors: Harre Nick T. , Schoonover Jon E. , Young Bryan G.
Published: October 2014

The role of weed biomass in the nutrient balance of agro-ecosystems remains poorly understood. To measure the rate of decomposition and nutrient release of common weeds, litterbag methodology was employed using waterhemp and giant foxtail desiccated by glyphosate at heights of 10, 20, 30, and 45 cm in two southern Illinois soybean fields. Losses were then expressed as a decay constant (k) regressed over time according to the single exponential decay model. Concentrations of the recalcitrant cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) were generally greatest as weed height (maturity) increased in giant foxtail compared with waterhemp. Sixteen weeks after desiccation by glyphosate, 10-cm waterhemp and giant foxtail detritus had lost 10 and 12% more mass, respectively, compared to the 45-cm height of each species. Decomposition rates revealed mass loss was highest for 10-cm waterhemp (kD= 0.022) and lowest for 45-cm giant foxtail (kD= 0.011) and this process was negatively correlated to the overall amount of cell wall constituents (r = −0.73). Nutrient release rates followed a similar trend in that both shorter (younger) weeds and waterhemp liberated nutrients more readily. Across all tested plant material, K was the nutrient most rapidly released, whereas, Ca was the most strongly retained nutrient.
Comparison of carbon dioxide emissions for two landfill capping layers
Authors: Raja Jamil , Dixon Neil , Fowmes Gary , Frost Matthew , Assinder Peter
Published: October 2014

Geosynthetics are commonly employed in landfill applications to provide containment in the capping layer, also referred to as a cover system. This paper presents a case study that compared the carbon dioxide emissions produced from a compacted clay landfill cap with one incorporating geosynthetics. The lifecycle analysis boundaries set for the case study were cradle to end-of-construction, and included all processes from sourcing of materials through to the end-of-construction. As-built data provided by contractors and manufacturers were used to calculate the carbon footprint of each solution and the comparison showed the geosynthetic solution to be more sustainable. However, deficiencies in standard database values revealed inconsistencies and a value for the embodied carbon of clay was calculated using primary data. The embodied carbon value calculated from the primary data was much lower than the one initially employed and hence made the clay solution more sustainable where materials were locally available.
Improved Quality in Diabetes Care for the Working Uninsured Using Systems Thinking With an Interprofessional Team
Authors: Hirthler Kathleen
Published: October 2014

Purpose: To develop and implement a standardized, evidence-based diabetes management program using an interprofessional team of volunteers, students, and staff at a new free clinic for the working uninsured. Method: Retrospective studies were conducted on convenience samples of 40 diabetic patients pre- and postredesign of diabetes care. Results: Diabetes patients received access to a diabetes management program with quality improvement measures of outcomes. Discussion: This quality improvement initiative provided an assessment of the processes for diabetes care delivery and outcomes.
Sequencing educational resources with Seqins
Authors: Queirós Ricardo , Leal Paulo , Campos José
Published: October 2014

Existing adaptive educational hypermedia systems have been using learning
resources sequencing approaches in order to enrich the learning experience.
In this context, educational resources, either expository or evaluative, play
a central role. However, there is a lack of tools that support sequencing
essentially due to the fact that existing specifications are complex. This
paper presents Seqins as a sequencing tool of digital educational resources.
Seqins includes a simple and flexible sequencing model that will foster
heterogeneous students to learn at different rhythms. The tool communicates
through the IMS Learning Tools Interoperability specification with a plethora
of e-learning systems such as learning management systems, repositories,
authoring and automatic evaluation systems. In order to validate Seqins we
integrate it in an e-learning Ensemble framework instance for the computer
programming learning domain.
Semantic representation of multi-platform 3D content
Authors: Flotyński Jakub , Walczak Krzysztof
Published: October 2014

In this paper, a method of semantic representation of multi-platform 3D
content is proposed. The use of the semantic web techniques enables content
representation that is independent of particular content presentation
platforms and may facilitate content creation based on different ontologies
and knowledge bases. The proposed method significantly simplifies building 3D
content presentations for multiple target platforms in comparison to the
available approaches to 3D content creation.
The curriculum ideologies: What to expect from education current state and perspectives in Serbia
Authors: Krnjaja Zivka
Published: October 2014

The curriculum ideologies are determined as the system of values, beliefs and
understanding of a particular society or a social group by means of which the
way in which education will be realized and will eventually become. While
working on it, what is widely recommended is the ideologically deconstructing
model of curriculum trough different dimensions of ideology. The curriculum
ideologies research is a common field to both pedagogical research and the
research of the sociology of education. Some examples of national curriculum
analyses in terms of Serbia`s preschool and primary school education have
show a level of curriculum ideological discontinuity between the two levels
of education, being at the same time the unsustainable combination of
different ideologies, which makes it an incoherent and confusing model of
practice in almost every curriculum.
Social factors that contributed to the evolvement and spreading of crocodile addiction at area of former soviet states
Authors: Ljubicic Milana
Published: October 2014

This text discusses the dezomorphine - a drug better known as crocodile. Use
of this home made substance has reached epidemic range since 1990?s in
Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Our analysis deals with this particular
space. That is, considering the modest expert literature regarding the
socio-demographic features of consumers, occurrence pervasiveness and its
etiology, we have found data from the countries born after the Soviet Russia
breakdown, which have obviously been the hardest hit by it. The first aim of
our analyses was to: provide the summary of expert findings about the
pervasiveness, crocodile consumers and assumptions regarding the etiology.
The second aim aroused from the first: we tried to discuss and illustrate
potential ethological factors connected with crocodile use initiation. Two
sociological theories have framed the theoretical outline: theory of
dislocation and critical criminology theory, which emphasize the significance
of socalled social breakdown - unforeseen and large social changes that
initiated deviant behavior, including addiction. Apart from summary of
experts analysis of crocodile we have offered official statistics about
social factors seen to have important role in development and speeding of
this particular drug addiction. The findings of this, conditionally called,
meta analysis are contradictory for large part depends on methodological
difficulties and lack of adequate information. Summed up the findings point
to the need for better methodological design and extended crocodile addiction
research with attention drown to social context and cultural features of the
countries emerged after the former Soviet Union breakdown.
Prognostic value of heart rate variability in post-infarction patients
Authors: Boskovic Aneta , Belada Natasa , Knezevic Bozidarka
Published: October 2014

Background/Aim. Depressed heart rate variability (HRV) indicating autonomic
disequilibrium and propensity to ventricular ectopy can be useful for risk
stratification in patients following acute myocardial infarction (AIM). The
aim of the study was to assess heart rate variability as a predictor of
allcause mortality in post-infarction patients. Methods. We analyzed the
24-hour electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings of 100 patients (80 males)
during hospitalization for AIM. The mean age of patients was 56.99 + 11.03
years. Time domain heart rate variability analysis was obtained from 8 to 13
days after index infarction by mean of a 24- hour ECG recording, and the
calculated parameters were: standard deviation of all normal to normal RR
intervals (SDNN), RRmax-RRmin (difference between the longest RR interval and
the shortest RR interval), mean RR interval. We also analyzed ventricular
premature complexes from the ECG data. The patients underwent clinical
evaluation, laboratory tests and echocardiography. Results. Within a oneyear
follow-up period 11 patients experienced death, 10 of them because of cardiac
reason and one because of stroke. There were significantly lower values of
SDNN (60.55 ? 12.84 ms vs 98.38 ? 28.21 ms), RRmax-RRmin (454.36 ? 111.00 ms
vs 600.99 ? 168.72 ms) and mean RR interval (695.82 ? 65.87 ms vs 840.07 ?
93.97 ms) in deceased patients than in the survivors, respectively (p <
0.01). The deceased patients were of higher mean age, with lower left
ventricular ejection fraction (0.46 ? 0.05 vs 0.56 ? 0.06 in survivors), and
more frequent clinical signs of heart failure and ventricular ectopic
activity (> 10VPCs/h; p < 0.01). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that SDNN
was a significant, independent predictor of all-cause mortality in
postinfarction patients. The other independent predictors were clinical signs
of heart failure - Killip class II and III and ventricular ectopic activity.
Conclusion. Depressed HRV is an independent predictor of mortality in
post-infarction patients and may provide useful additional prognostic
information in non-invasive risk stratification of these patients.
Diabetic Microangiopathy: Impact of Impaired Cerebral Vasoreactivity and Delayed Angiogenesis After Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion on Stroke Damage and Cerebral Repair in Mice
Authors: Poittevin Marine , Bonnin Philippe , Pimpie Cynthia , Rivière Léa , Sebrié Catherine , Dohan Anthony , Pocard Marc , Charriaut-Marlangue Christiane , Kubis Nathalie
Published: October 2014

Diabetes increases the risk of stroke by three, increases related mortality, and delays recovery. We aimed to characterize functional and structural alterations in cerebral microvasculature before and after experimental cerebral ischemia in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that preexisting brain microvascular disease in patients with diabetes might partly explain increased stroke severity and impact on outcome. Diabetes was induced in 4-week-old C57Bl/6J mice by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). After 8 weeks of diabetes, the vasoreactivity of the neurovascular network to CO2 was abolished and was not reversed by nitric oxide (NO) donor administration; endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) mRNA, phospho-eNOS protein, nNOS, and phospho-nNOS protein were significantly decreased; angiogenic and vessel maturation factors (vascular endothelial growth factor a [VEGFa], angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), Ang2, transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β], and platelet-derived growth factor-β [PDGF-β]) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) occludin and zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) expression were significantly decreased; and microvessel density was increased without changes in ultrastructural imaging. After permanent focal cerebral ischemia induction, infarct volume and neurological deficit were significantly increased at D1 and D7, and neuronal death (TUNEL+/NeuN+ cells) and BBB permeability (extravasation of Evans blue) at D1. At D7, CD31+/Ki67+ double-immunolabeled cells and VEGFa and Ang2 expression were significantly increased, indicating delayed angiogenesis. We show that cerebral microangiopathy thus partly explains stroke severity in diabetes.
Absence of Glucagon and Insulin Action Reveals a Role for the GLP-1 Receptor in Endogenous Glucose Production
Authors: Jun Lucy S. , Millican Rohn L. , Hawkins Eric D. , Konkol Debra L. , Showalter Aaron D. , Christe Michael E. , Michael M. Dodson , Sloop Kyle W.
Published: October 2014

The absence of insulin results in oscillating hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes. Remarkably, mice genetically deficient in the glucagon receptor (Gcgr) are refractory to the pathophysiological symptoms of insulin deficiency, and therefore, studies interrogating this unique model may uncover metabolic regulatory mechanisms that are independent of insulin. A significant feature of Gcgr-null mice is the high circulating concentrations of GLP-1. Hence, the objective of this report was to investigate potential noninsulinotropic roles of GLP-1 in mice where GCGR signaling is inactivated. For these studies, pancreatic β-cells were chemically destroyed by streptozotocin (STZ) in Gcgr−/−:Glp-1r−/− mice and in Glp-1r−/− animals that were subsequently treated with a high-affinity GCGR antagonist antibody that recapitulates the physiological state of Gcgr ablation. Loss of GLP-1 action substantially worsened nonfasting glucose concentrations and glucose tolerance in mice deficient in, and undergoing pharmacological inhibition of, the GCGR. Further, lack of the Glp-1r in STZ-treated Gcgr−/− mice elevated rates of endogenous glucose production, likely accounting for the differences in glucose homeostasis. These results support the emerging hypothesis that non–β-cell actions of GLP-1 analogs may improve metabolic control in patients with insulinopenic diabetes.
Anterior Segment Developmental Anomalies in a 33-Week-Old Fetus with MIDAS Syndrome
Authors: Herwig Martina C. , Loeffler Karin U. , Gembruch Ulrich , Kuchelmeister Klaus , Müller Annette M.
Published: October 2014

We report anterior segment abnormalities in both eyes of a 33-week-old fetus endorsing the diagnosis of MIDAS (microphthalmia, dermal aplasia, and sclerocornea) syndrome. After abortion, the fetus was examined by a standard pediatric autopsy that included macroscopic and microscopic examination of both eyes. Postmortem findings included craniofacial stigmata (such as hypertelorism, a flat nose and low-set ears) and an agenesis of the corpus callosum. Array comparative genomic hybridization revealed a deletion of the short arm of the X chromosome (region Xp22.2 to p22.32). Ophthalmopathologic examination of the eyes revealed microphthalmia with anterior segment developmental anomalies, in particular sclerocornea and Peters' anomaly, respectively. General pathology findings plus the ocular findings allowed the diagnosis of MIDAS syndrome. A discussion of differential diagnoses is provided. This case report indicates that ophthalmopathologic investigation of fetal eyes can be of great value for the further classification of syndromes.
Ultrasonographic visualization of the liver in sites recommended for blind percutaneous liver biopsy in horses
Authors: Sammons Sara C. , Norman Tracy E. , Chaffin M. Keith , Cohen Noah D.
Published: October 2014

Objective—To ascertain the frequency of ultrasonographic identification of liver at sites recommended for blind percutaneous liver biopsy in middle-aged horses and to determine whether the liver is obscured by other organs or too thin for safe sample collection at recommended locations.

Design—Prospective case series.

Animals—36 healthy middle-aged (between 6 and 18 years old) Quarter Horses or Quarter Horse crosses.

Procedures—Blood samples were collected from each horse and submitted for evaluation of liver function. Horses with any indication of liver dysfunction on serum biochemical analysis were excluded. The region just below a line drawn between the dorsal aspect of the tuber coxae and the point of the elbow joint in the right 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14th intercostal spaces (ICSs) was imaged by ultrasonography for the presence of liver. In each ICS, liver thickness and whether there was partial obstruction in viewing the liver caused by other abdominal or thoracic organs were recorded.

Results—39% (14/36) of horses had liver imaged on ultrasonographic examination in all of the 11th to 14th ICSs. None of the 36 horses had liver of adequate thickness (ie, liver thickness ≥ 3.5 cm) for biopsy in all of the imaged ICSs. For 22 horses in which the liver was not visible on ultrasonographic examination of an ICS, lung was imaged instead in 12 (55%) horses, intestine in 8 (36%), and both intestine and lung in 2 (9%).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of the results of this study, the practice of blind percutaneous liver biopsy in horses is not recommended because of the risk of serious complications.
Comparison of a single dose of moxidectin and a five-day course of fenbendazole to reduce and suppress cyathostomin fecal egg counts in a herd of embryo transfer–recipient mares
Authors: Mason Maren E. , Voris Nathan D. , Ortis Hunter A. , Geeding Amy A. , Kaplan Ray M.
Published: October 2014

Objective—To compare larvicidal regimens of fenbendazole and moxidectin for reduction and suppression of cyathostomin fecal egg counts (FEC) in a transient herd of embryo transfer–recipient mares.

Design—Randomized, complete block, clinical trial.

Animals—120 mares from 21 states, residing on 1 farm.

Procedures—An initial fecal sample was collected from each mare; mares with an FEC ≥ 200 eggs/g were assigned to treatment groups. Eighty-two horses received fenbendazole (10.0 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h for 5 days) or moxidectin (0.4 mg/kg [0.18 mg/lb], PO, once); FEC data were analyzed 14, 45, and 90 days after treatment.

Results—Mean FEC reduction was 99.9% for moxidectin-treated mares and 41.9% for fenbendazole-treated mares 14 days after treatment. By 45 days, mean FEC of fenbendazole-treated mares exceeded pretreatment counts; however, FECs of moxidectin-treated mares remained suppressed below pretreatment values for the duration of the 90-day study. Fecal egg counts were significantly different between groups at 14, 45, and 90 days after treatment.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Failure of the 5-day regimen of fenbendazole to adequately reduce or suppress FEC suggested inadequate adulticidal and larvicidal effects. In contrast, a single dose of moxidectin effectively reduced and suppressed FEC for an extended period. Given the diverse geographic origins of study mares, these results are likely representative of cyathostomin-infected mares in much of the United States, confirming previous findings indicating that fenbendazole resistance in cyathostomins is widespread and that moxidectin remains an effective treatment for control of these important parasites.
Selected Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer and Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: V. Szaboova , V. Svlhrova , V. Hudeckova
Published: October 2014

The article provides a review of literature on risk factors and cofactors for cervical cancer and barriers to cervical cancer screening. Cofactors of cervical cancer are risk factors that contribute to the development of cervical cancer but are not able to generate cancer on their own. Risk factors and cofactors of cervical cancer have been clearly identified in many studies. Therefore cervical cancer is a preventable type of cancer. The aim of this article was to describe in more detail the barriers to cervical cancer screening among women all over the world. The barriers to cervical cancer screening can be sorted according to the results of studies into five main groups: informational, psychological, socio-economic, behavioral and cultural, and geographical. Efforts to reduce risk factors and cofactors of HPV infection and cervical cancer and to increase knowledge about screening are necessary in a positive approach to preventing cervical cancer in society and to promote women’s health.
Some Curvature Identities on Gradient Shrinking Conformal Ricci Soliton
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arindam , Basu Nirabhra
Published: October 2014

In this paper we have established some curvature identities for gradient shrinking conformal Ricci soliton.
The Extended Centroid of the Prime Gamma Semirings
Authors: Öztürk Mehmet Ali
Published: October 2014

We define and study the extended centroid of a prime Γ-semiring. We show that the extended centroid is a Γ-semifield and give some properties of the centroid of a prime Γ-semiring.
Effect of Genotype and Organic Fertilizer on Red:Far Red Ratio, Stomatal Conductance, Leaf Temperature, and Dry Weight of Amaranth
Authors: Wayah Samson Baranzan , Singh Ajit , Waziri Peter Maitalata , Theng Zheng-Yew , Nkem Bruno Martins , Nguyen Thi Thuy Van , Nguyen Di Khanh , Nguyen Phuoc Diem Ly , Le Huynh Nhu , Chin Hsien Yeen , Yap Cheng Lock , Syed Muhammad Taha , Al Sulaimani Nuhaila Shukry Mohammed
Published: October 2014

Amaranth is a very important vegetable worldwide. Its leaves are consumed and the seeds are processed into various food products. Its production in the tropics is threatened by low yields which has a major impact on global production. A research aimed at improving the yield of this vegetable was carried out at lady bird organic farm Broga, 2.9450N 101.8740E, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia by studying the effect of genotype and organic fertilizer on the following growth indicators, red:far red ratio below canopy, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, and dry weight. These growth indicators were monitored on a weekly basis over a period of six weeks. Three genotypes namely, Amaranthus caudatus, 3388 (green round leaf), Amaranthus caudatus, 3233 (green long leaf) and Amaranthus cruentus, 888 (red leaf) were grown on soils to which organic fertilizer was added at three different application rates (0 t/ha, 7.5 t/ha and 15 t/ha). There was no significant interaction effect of genotype and organic fertilizer on the growth indicators; however, each of these factors had significant effect on the growth of amaranth. A strong negative correlation occurred between dry weight and red:far red ratio below canopy likewise, between stomatal conductance and leaf temperature. Over a cultivation period of five weeks, the green long leaf genotype was superior showing that it is better adapted to growing in the rainforest agro ecological zone of Malaysia than the other two genotypes. Organic fertilizer application at a rate of 15 t/ha produced the lowest leaf temperature, after 4 weeks of cultivation implying better water status than 0 t/ha and 7.5 t/ha application rates. This study clearly shows that genotype and organic fertilizer have significant effect on the growth of amaranth. Therefore, these factors can be manipulated in order to enhance amaranth production.
Irrigation Schedules for Selected Food Crops Using Water Balance Book-Keeping Method
Authors: Ezemonye Mary Nkiru , Emeribe Chukwudi Naemeka
Published: October 2014

In the tropics, the water potential of a region cannot be adequately assessed from precipitation alone due to the seasonal character of rainfall and even more so owing to the changing climate scenario. It is therefore necessary that in any agro-climatological program, there must be a clear understanding of the actual amount of water that evaporates and transpires (AET), and the amount of water that would evaporate and transpire if water were always readily available (PET). This could be done through the method of the water balance. The present work examines the water budget of parts of the Imo river basin and its implications for improved crop production through supplementary irrigation schedules. It was observed, that the study area is already facing moisture-stress. This is because even during rainy months supplementary irrigation is required to compensate for the occasionally moisture deficit due to increased evapotranspiration. The study showed that cultivation of maize, rice and tomatoes can be carried out on an all-year round basis under a scientific irrigation scheme. Thus the study provided farmers with guideline on the period and quantity of water required for supplementary irrigation, a development which will prevents wilting of plants before the application of needed water.
Effects of Heavy Metals and Arsenate on the Ovine Rumen Fermentation in Vitro
Authors: Marounek Milan , Joch Miroslav
Published: October 2014

The inhibitory effect of four trace elements on production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and lactate was evaluated in cultures of rumen contents containing lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic at 50, 100 and 250 μg/ml. The production of VFA in cultures containing Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and As5+ at 50 μg/ml was decreased by 15.9, 40.0, 29.1 and 35.6%, respectively. The effect of trace elements on molar profile of VFA was variable, which suggests a different toxic effect of elements tested on different groups of rumen microorganisms. Increasing concentrations of Pb2+ in rumen cultures decreased molar proportion of acetate and increased that of butyrate, whereas Hg2+ and Cd2 increased molar percentages of acetate and decreased butyrate. Lactate concentration in cultures containing Hg2+ increased in a dose-dependent manner from 3.10 to 9.20 μmol/ml. Effects of other trace elements on lactate production were not consistent.
Unification of Judicial Practice Concerning Parental Responsibility in the European Union – Challenges Applying Regulation Brussels II Bis
Authors: Pranevičienė Kristina
Published: October 2014

The article briefly describes international legislation in parental responsibility matters and focuses on the Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 (in practice called Brussels II a or Brussels II bis). The essay reveals and analyses the difficulties which occur while hearing parental responsibility cases within the European Union. Particular attention is given to special cases which were difficult to resolve for the national courts of the Republic of Lithuania. Also, the practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union is examined. The guidelines on how to avoid the problems of establishing jurisdiction are given. The relations of 1980 Hague Convention on international child abduction and Regulations Brussels II bis are revealed and the reasons for adoption of the Regulation are highlighted. The article also proposes improvements for Article 15 of the Regulation and the effective application of a modified forum non conveniens doctrine in parental responsibility cases.
Prevalence of Coxiella Burnetii in Dairy Herds - Diagnostic Methods and Risk to Humans - A Review
Authors: Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika , Niemczuk Krzysztof , Mitura Agata
Published: October 2014

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. The main source of infection are ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats). C. burnetii is excreted via birth products, vaginal mucus, milk, and faeces. Raw milk is considered useful for epidemiological examinations of animals and evaluation of infection dynamics at the herd level. This article summarises data on prevalence studies on C. burnetii in bulk-tank milk in different European countries with the means of serological tests and PCR. It also summarises the results of studies to evaluate the actual risk of disease transmission to humans through consumption of raw milk. Moreover, the available diagnostic tools for detection C. burnetii infection are presented.
Identification of Diagnostic Protein Markers of Subclinical Mastitis in Bovine Whey Using Comparative Proteomics
Authors: Bian Yanjie , Lv Ying , Li Qingzhang
Published: October 2014

The proteomics of inflammatory response in whey from cows with subclinical mastitis were analysed. Whey protein lysates were separated on 24 cm dry IPG strips (pH 3-10 linear) and 24 cm dry IPG strips (pH 4-7) using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results indicated that the whey proteins in milk from cows with subclinical mastitis are different from those in milk from healthy cows. All protein spots were found to have biologically relevant changes in relative abundance during subclinical mastitis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, including ß-1,4 galactosyltransferase, ß-2 microglobulin, complement 3, a-1-acid glycoprotein, ß-lactoglobulin A, a-S1 casein precursor, ß-casein B, and serotransferrin precursor. The mRNA expression of these genes was verified by quantitative real-time PCR. These proteins are involved in signal transduction, binding, transport, and immune defence activity. The results suggest that the markers may be used for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.
Occurrence of Veterinary Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics in Fresh Water, Sediment, and Fish of the Rivers and Lakes in Poland
Authors: Gbylik-Sikorska Małgorzata , Posyniak Andrzej , Mitrowska Kamila , Gajda Anna , Błądek Tomasz , Śniegocki Tomasz , Żmudzki Jan
Published: October 2014

The occurrence of commonly used veterinary antimicrobial agents was investigated in 159 fresh water, 443 fish, and 150 sediment samples from Polish rivers and lakes. The agents included aminoglycosides, ß-lactams, diaminopyrimidines, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, macrolides, pleuromutilins, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. The analysis was performed by three different sample preparation procedures for each matrix and it was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation source in positive mode, under the same conditions. All analytical methods used were validated and showed good sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The LOQ was in the range from 5 μg/kg to 125 μg/kg for fish samples, from 0.02 μg/L to 10 μg/L for fresh water samples, and from 1 μg/kg to 8 μg/kg for sediment samples.
MiRNA-21, miRNA-10b, and miRNA-34a Expression in Canine Mammary Gland Neoplasms
Authors: Łosiewicz Katarzyna , Chmielewska-Krzesińska Małgorzata , Socha Piotr , Jakimiuk Anna , Wąsowicz Krzysztof
Published: October 2014

The expression of miRNA-21, miRNA-10b, and miRNA-34a in malignant and benign tumours and non-neoplastic lesions in canine mammary gland, using real-time PCR with TaqMan probes was determined. The expression in normal tissues was compared to neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions using one-way ANOVA test. Significant changes in miRNA expression in neoplastic tissues, as compared to normal ones, were demonstrated. In all neoplastic tissues, the miRNA-21 expression increased while in non-neoplastic lesions slightly decreased in comparison to normal ones. MiRNA-10b expression in malignant and benign tumours increased in comparison to normal tissues and non-neoplastic lesions. MiRNA-34a expression profile in neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues differed from other examined miRNAs (miRNA-21 and miRNA-10b). In all samples miRNA-34a expression level decreased in comparison to normal tissues.
Side-Effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Liver in Dogs and Hepatoprotective Effect of Plant Remedies
Authors: Szweda Magdalena , Szarek Józef , Kiełbowicz Zdzisław , Szynaka Beata
Published: October 2014

Hepatoprotective effect of plant drugs against hepatic tissue injury induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was assessed on Beagle dogs. The adverse effects of carprofen and robenacoxib on the hepatic tissue were evaluated on the basis of histopathological examination of liver sections. It was demonstrated that the use of NSAIDs with liquorice and composed plant remedy Pectosol¯ caused a reduction of hepatic adverse effects induced by the administration of NSAIDs. This fact indicates a hepatoprotective effect of the tested plant remedies during the treatment with NSAIDs. However, the results require further studies on a larger group of animals. Liquorice and Pectosol¯ reduce the hepatic side effects, which develop after the treatment with carprofen and, to a lesser extent, robenacoxib in young Beagles. Such studies allow to investigate the negative and positive effects of using robenacoxib and carprofen in dogs and, therefore, help to limit the NSAID-induced side effects on the liver in these animals.
Selected Arterial Blood Gasometry Parameters as Indicators of Blood Transfusion Effectiveness in Foals with Haemolytic Disease
Authors: Stopyra Artur , Snarska Anna
Published: October 2014

The aim of the study was to determine the suitability of basic haematological, biochemical, and gasometric tests in checking the effectiveness of transfusion therapy in foals during isoerythrolysis. The number of red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and blood pH was determined immediately before and several times after blood transfusion. The concentration of serum free bilirubin was also measured to confirm haemolysis. Fluids (0.9% NaCl, multielectrolytic fluid, 5% glucose) and antibiotics (penicillin, amikacin) were provided to the foals. The lowest values of haematological parameters were observed before transfusion. This was accompanied by decreased partial pressure of oxygen, low pH, and increased arterial carbon dioxide tension. Transfusion of whole blood led to a gradual normalisation of the haematological parameters, also accompanied by the normalisation of gasometric indicators (decrease in pCO2 and pO2 and pH increase). Monitoring of selected haematological and gasometric parameters allows to evaluate the efficacy of blood transfusion during treatment of haemolytic disease of foals.
Use of Silver Nitrate for the Assessment of Sperm Measurements in Selected Farm and Free-Living Animal Species
Authors: Andraszek Katarzyna , Banaszewska Dorota , Szostek Małgorzata , Wójcik Ewa , Czubaszek Magdalena , Walczak-Jędrzejowska Renata
Published: October 2014

The study was conducted on spermatozoa of selected farm and free-living animal species, isolated post mortem from the tail of the epididymis, and stained with silver nitrate - AgNO3. The material was collected from pigs, goats, wild boar, and European roe deer. Twenty morphologically normal spermatozoa randomly selected from each animal and well visible under the microscope, were analysed. The following measurements were considered: head length, width, perimeter and area, acrosome area, mid-piece length, tail length, and overall sperm length. AgNO3 staining differentiated the acrosomal (light hue) and distal (dark hue) part of the sperm head, and a light-hued mid-piece was visible within the sperm tail. Silver nitrate staining revealed species and variety-related differences, particularly in reference to the sperm head. Clear-cut differentiation within the head and tail area made it possible to perform detailed morphometric measurements of the spermatozoa.
Variability of Heart Rate in Primitive Horses and Their Relatives as an Indicator of Stress Level, Behavioural Conduct Towards Humans and Adaptation to Living in Wild
Authors: Pluta Michał , Osiński Zbigniew
Published: October 2014

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of using heart rate (HR) as a metric parameter that can be used for the characterisation of behaviour of primitive horses and their relatives, related to reactions to the stress resulting from the contact with humans and adaptation to living in various conditions, including natural environment. This characterisation served the authors to expand the knowledge of such behaviour of primitive horses, and to assess the impact of the environmental and genetic factors. Studies were conducted in three populations of horses: two herds of Polish Konik and one herd of Biłgoraj horses. The studies were performed between 1993 and 2010. They concerned the behaviour of horses during grooming - breeding procedures (hooves clearing, body measurements) performed cyclically and the daily observations when HR was monitored continuously. HR results for the respective age categories, during particular grooming - breeding procedures and reserve observations indicate that Polish Konik horses, closely related to the primitive Tarpan breed, are genetically better adapted to living in conditions similar to the natural (reserve) than the Biłgoraj horses. They show less stress symptoms, which are evidenced by HR values noted during inhabiting the natural environment.
Labour Taxation in Poland Compared to the Other OECD Countries
Authors: Kryńska Elżbieta
Published: October 2014

The aim of the study is to identify the level and diversity of labour taxation, expressed by the so-called tax wedge, in Poland compared to the other OECD countries. The identification is based on an analysis of statistical data collected in the OECD database for the years 2000-2012. The study interprets key terms such as labour taxation, tax wedge, and non-wage costs of labour. The further section synthetically discusses theoretical findings and the results of empirical research concerning effects of labour taxation on the functioning of the labour market and, in particular, its impact on employment and unemployment. The author’s own research includes a comparative analysis of tax wedge sizes in different household types in Poland and the other OECD countries in the years 2000-2012. The major conclusion of the analysis is that labour taxation in Poland insufficiently takes into account the financial situation of low-earning individuals and those providing for children (i.e. children within households). The results of the conducted research form the basis for drawing synthetic conclusions and making recommendations for Poland. The main suggestion is that a selective reduction in the non-wage costs of labour of low-earning individuals and those burdened with family responsibilities should be considered.
Innovation Levels in the Economies of Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Krajewski Stefan
Published: October 2014

When the countries of Central and Eastern Europe entered the European Union, they were given the opportunity to become transformed into knowledgebased societies, with modern, innovation-oriented economies which build their strength and competitiveness on the development of native technical solutions and concepts. To achieve this, however, requires a lot of effort and radical and profound changes in comparison with the previous situation. New priorities and strategic objectives and methods of their implementation (including innovation strategies) must be developed, financial and in-kind resources reallocated, and social and technical infrastructure must be expanded and modernized. These are difficult challenges, but their effective implementation is essential so that the CEECs can avoid marginalization and become equal partners within the EU. The statistical data presented in this paper indicates that the innovative position of the CEECs is still unfavourable and relatively weak, with the exception of Slovenia and Estonia. Poland is in a particularly difficult situation, with many signs of stagnation with respect to innovation, keeping it at a low level (next to Bulgaria and Romania).