bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realization of quasicrystalline quadrupole topological insulators in electrical circuits
Authors: Lv Bo , Chen Rui , Li Rujiang , Guan Chunying , Zhou Bin , Dong Guohua , Zhao Chao , Li YiCheng , Wang Ying , Tao Huibin , Shi Jinhui , Xu Dong-Hui
Published: May 2021

Quadrupole topological insulators are a new class of topological insulators with quantized quadrupole moments, which support protected gapless corner states. The experimental demonstrations of quadrupole-topological insulators were reported in a series of artificial materials, such as photonic crystals, acoustic crystals, and electrical circuits. In all these cases, the underlying structures have discrete translational symmetry and thus are periodic. Here we experimentally realize two-dimensional aperiodic-quasicrystalline quadrupole-topological insulators by constructing them in electrical circuits, and observe the spectrally and spatially localized corner modes. In measurement, the modes appear as topological boundary resonances in the corner impedance spectra. Additionally, we demonstrate the robustness of corner modes on the circuit. Our circuit design may be extended to study topological phases in higher-dimensional aperiodic structures.
A modular approach to enzymatic ligation of peptides and proteins with oligonucleotides
Authors: Tan Derrick Jing Yang , Cheong Vee Vee , Lim Kah Wai , Phan Anh Tuân
Published: May 2021

A modular approach has been developed for enzymatic ligation of peptides/proteins with oligonucleotides through the design of tag phosphoramidites as adaptors, paving the way towards streamlined production of peptide/protein-oligonucleotide conjugates.
Carbonisation of a polymer made from sulfur and canola oil
Authors: Mann Maximilian , Luo Xuan , Tikoalu Alfrets D. , Gibson Christopher T. , Yin Yanting , Al-Attabi Riyadh , Andersson Gunther G. , Raston Colin L. , Henderson Luke C. , Pring Allan , Hasell Tom , Chalker Justin M.
Published: May 2021

A polymer made from sulfur and canola oil can be used as an oil spill sorbent and then repurposed into a sulfur-rich graphitic carbon for mercury removal from water.
Ru(ii)-catalyzed allenylation and sequential annulation of N-tosylbenzamides with propargyl alcohols
Authors: Kumar Shreemoyee , Nair Akshay M. , Volla Chandra M. R.
Published: May 2021

Ru(ii)-catalyzed C–H allenylation and sequential annulation has been demonstrated employing propargyl alcohols to yield allenylamides and isoquinolones.
Anti-Markovnikov hydroarylation of alkenes via polysulfide anion photocatalysis
Authors: Li Haoyu , Liu Yuliang , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: May 2021

A protocol for anti-Markovnikov hydroarylation of alkenes with aryl halides has been developed using polysulfide anions as photocatalysts in the presence of the Hantzsch ester and water under irradiation with visible light.
2D WS2 co-catalysts induce the growth of CdS and enhance the photocatalytic performance
Authors: Ma Wenxuan , Hao Shuhua , Zhang Lei , Lv Baoyi , Zhao Gang , Huang Jinzhao , Xu Xijin
Published: May 2021

Here, we obtain WS2 nanosheets with near-infrared absorption which can replace the precious metal Pt as excellent cocatalysts.
Cyanido-bridged {FeIIILnIII} heterobimetallic chains assembled through the [FeIII{HB(pz)3}(CN)3]−complex as metalloligand: synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties
Authors: Visinescu Diana , Alexandru Maria-Gabriela , Dumitrescu Dan G. , Shova Sergiu , Moliner Nicolás , Lloret Francesc , Julve Miguel
Published: May 2021

The first isostructural series of cyanido-bridged 3d–4f chains showing a unique zig-zag motif have been obtained by using the heteroleptic [FeIII{HB(pz)3}(CN)3]−complex as a metalloligand towards the preformed [LnIII(bpdo)(NO3)2(H2O)]+species.
Single-molecule binding characterization of primosomal protein PriA involved in replication restart
Authors: Lee Tzu-Yu , Li Yi-Ching , Lin Min-Guan , Hsiao Chwan-Deng , Li Hung-Wen
Published: May 2021

Monomeric PriA preferentially binds a DNA fork structure with a fully duplexed leading strand. The association/dissociation kinetics was characterized in this work.
Reduction of N2 to NH3 by TiO2-supported Ni cluster catalysts: a DFT study
Authors: Yang Huiru , Luo Dan , Gao Rui , Wang Dandan , Li Haibo , Zhao Zhao , Feng Ming , Chen Zhongwei
Published: May 2021

Electrochemical techniques for ammonia synthesis are considered as an encouraging energy conversion technology to efficiently meet the challenge of nitrogen cycle balance.
Photophysical properties of N-methyl and N-acetyl substituted alloxazines: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Guo Huimin , Ma Xiaolin , Lei Zhiwen , Qiu Yang , Zhao Jianzhang , Dick Bernhard
Published: May 2021

Theoretical calculations at the TD/DFT level and with the TVCF formalism highlight the significant role of functional groups on the photophysical properties of N-methyl and N-acetyl substituted alloxazines.
Unravelling the inhibitory zinc ion binding site and the metal exchange mechanism in human DPP III
Authors: Tomić Antonija , Brkić Hrvoje , Matić Antonia , Tomić Sanja
Published: May 2021

The binding of two Zn ions to human DPP III was investigated. Simulations showed translocation of Zn ion from the inhibitory to the catalytic binding site, accompanied by displacement of the catalytic Zn from the interdomain cleft.
Autoxidation vs. antioxidants – the fight for forever
Authors: Helberg Julian , Pratt Derek A.
Published: May 2021

Autoxidation limits the longevity of essentially all hydrocarbons and materials made therefrom – including us.
N,N-Ru(ii)-p-cymene-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) surface functionalized gold nanoparticles: from organoruthenium complex to nanomaterial for antiproliferative activity
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Durairaj , Saravanan S. , Merckx Ronald , Madan Kumar Arumugam , Khamrang Themmila , Velusamy Marappan , Vasanth K. , Sunitha S. , Hoogenboom Richard , Maji Samarendra , Ganeshpandian Mani
Published: May 2021

The first report of a Ru(arene)metallopolymer–gold nanoconjugate to enhance the in vitro anticancer activity of Ru–arene complex in colorectal cancer cells.
Construction of TiO2–MnO2 0D–2D nanostructured heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Wang Guojing , Chen Tao , Liu Shuo , Wang Fengqi , Li Mingyang , Xie Mingzheng , Wang Jing , Xiang Yunjie , Han Weihua
Published: May 2021

TiO2 nanoparticles (∼5 nm) were loaded on MnO2 nanosheets (40–60 nm) to form TiO2–MnO2 nanostructured heterojunction (0D–2D nanostructure unit) to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production and photoelectrochemical properties.
Correction: Tracking physical breakdown of rice- and wheat-based foods with varying structures during gastric digestion and its influence on gastric emptying in a growing pig model
Authors: Nadia Joanna , Olenskyj Alexander G. , Stroebinger Natascha , Hodgkinson Suzanne M. , Estevez Talia G. , Subramanian Parthasarathi , Singh Harjinder , Singh R. Paul , Bornhorst Gail M.
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘Tracking physical breakdown of rice- and wheat-based foods with varying structures during gastric digestion and its influence on gastric emptying in a growing pig model’ by Joanna Nadia et al., Food Funct., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D0FO02917C.
Synthesis of (hemi)cellulosic lubricant base oilsviacatalytic coupling and deoxygenation pathways
Authors: Saha Basudeb , Vlachos Dionisios G.
Published: May 2021

This review provides a critical review and perspective for bio-lubricant development from biomass due to the strong interest in creating a more diverse energy supply, environmental sustainability, and a carbon neutral bioeconomy.
The robust NMR toolbox for metabolomics
Authors: Chandra Kousik , Al-Harthi Samah , Almulhim Fatimah , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Jaremko Łukasz , Jaremko Mariusz
Published: May 2021

We implemented selective and non-selective CPMG-filtered 1D and 2D TOCSY/HSQC experiments in metabolomics research. These experiments facilitated the unambiguous identification of metabolites embedded in broad lipid and protein signals.
From shaping to functionalization of micro-droplets and particles
Authors: Song Ryungeun , Cho Seongsu , Shin Seonghun , Kim Hyejeong , Lee Jinkee
Published: May 2021

From shaping to functionalization of micro-droplets and particles in passive and active methods, and their applications.
Sulfonyl radical-induced regioselective cyclization of 3-aza-1,5-enynes with sulfonyl chlorides to produce 1,2-dihydropyridines by copper catalysis
Authors: Ding Ran , Fu Jian-Ming , Tian Hai-Yu , Chen Nian-Shou , Liu Lei , Guo Yu , Wang Pei-Long
Published: May 2021

A Cu-catalyzed regioselective cyclization of 3-aza-1,5-enynes with sulfonyl chlorides for the synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyridines is described.
Sensitive and selective determination of trace amounts of mercury ions using a dimercaprol functionalized graphene quantum dot modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Esmaeili M. , Ahour F. , Keshipour S.
Published: May 2021

A new catalyst was prepared by covalent functionalization of graphene quantum dot with dimercaprol (GQD-DMC) and applied, for the first time, as an electrode modifier for the preparation of an Hg(ii) electrochemical sensor.
Cocatalysts from types, preparation to applications in the field of photocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Gang , Xu Xijin
Published: May 2021

We have summarized the types, design, co-catalysis principles and applications of cocatalysts in the process of photocatalysis, and provide guidance for researchers on how to construct composite photocatalytic systems containing cocatalysts.
Correction: 12-state multi-level cell storage implemented in a 128 Mb phase change memory chip
Authors: Song Zhitang , Cai Daolin , Cheng Yan , Wang Lei , Lv Shilong , Xin Tianjiao , Feng Gaoming
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘12-state multi-level cell storage implemented in a 128 Mb phase change memory chip’ by Zhitang Song et al., Nanoscale, 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00100k.
Copper-catalyzed sulfonylation of N-tosylhydrazones followed by a one-pot C–N bond formation
Authors: Zhang Kena , Provot Olivier , Tran Christine , Alami Mouad , Hamze Abdallah
Published: May 2021

A new methodology to synthesize sulfonyl-N-phenylaniline derivatives via the trapping of bromo-sulfone derivatives generated from N-tosylhydrazones (NTHs) with amines is described.
Synthesis, structure and midkine binding of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharide analogues
Authors: Torres-Rico Myriam , Maza Susana , de Paz José L. , Nieto Pedro M.
Published: May 2021

Chondroitin sulfate E mimetics displaying CH2OH groups instead of carboxylates retain the 3D structure and binding properties of natural sequences.
Solution self-assembly of fluorinated polymers, an overview
Authors: Guerre Marc , Lopez Gérald , Améduri Bruno , Semsarilar Mona , Ladmiral Vincent
Published: May 2021

The incorporation of fluorinated moieties into a polymer can confer unique properties and often lead in solution to original morphologies endowed with rare properties.
Nucleobase-monofunctionalized supramolecular poly(l-lactide): controlled synthesis, competitive crystallization, and structural organization
Authors: Li Xing , Ni Lingling , Sun Chenxuan , Xu Wenqing , Zheng Ying , Shan Guorong , Bao Yongzhong , Pan Pengju
Published: May 2021

Controlled synthesis, competitive crystallization, and crystallization-driven structural organization of thymine-monofunctionalized supramolecular poly(l-lactide).
Recent advances on electrocatalytic fixation of nitrogen under ambient conditions
Authors: Wu Bin , Lin Yichao , Wang Xuezhen , Chen Liang
Published: May 2021

This review summarizes and discusses recent efforts paid to the design and synthesis of electrocatalysts for nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions.
Hydrodeoxygenation of sulfoxides into sulfides under mild conditions over a heterogeneous cobalt catalyst
Authors: Wang Yanxin , Yao Kaiyue , Tao Duanjian , Xiang Nian , Wang Wei , Zhang Zehui
Published: May 2021

A kind of nitrogen-doped carbon material and Al2O3 co-supported Co nanoparticle catalyst (Co–NC/Al2O3-500) demonstrated high activity, selectivity and stability for the hydrodeoxygenation of sulfoxides into sulfides.
Erianin induces triple-negative breast cancer cells apoptosis by activating PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Xu Yonggang , Fang Rong , Shao Jie , Cai Zihao
Published: May 2021

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a refractory subtype of breast cancer, 25–30% of which have dysregulation in the PI3K/AKT pathway. The present study investigated the anticancer effect of erianin on TNBC cell line and its underlying mechanism.

Methods: After treatment with erianin, MTT assay was employed to determine the MDA-MB-231 and EFM-192A cell proliferation, the nucleus morphological changes were observed by DAPI staining. The cell cycle and apoptotic proportion were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to determine the cell cycle and apoptosis-related protein expression and PI3K pathways. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of erianin was further confirmed by adding or not adding PI3K agonists SC79.

Results: Erianin inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and EFM-192A cells in a dose-dependent manner, the IC50 were 70.96 and 78.58 nM, respectively. Erianin could cause cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and the expressions of p21 and p27 were up-regulated, while the expressions of CDK1 and Cyclin B1 were down-regulated. Erianin also induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, with the up-regulation of the expression of Cyto C, PARP, Bax, active form of Caspase-3, and Caspase-9. Furthermore, p-PI3K and p-Akt expression were down-regulated by erianin. After co-incubation with SC79, the cell inhibition rate of erianin was decreased, which further confirmed that the attenuated PI3K/Akt pathway was relevant to the pro-apoptotic effect of erianin.

Conclusions: Erianin can inhibit the proliferation of TNBC cells and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which may ascribe to the abolish the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
A biomimetic natural sciences approach to understanding the mechanisms of ageing in burden of lifestyle diseases
Authors: Dai Lu , Schurgers Leon , Shiels Paul G. , Stenvinkel Peter
Published: May 2021

The worldwide landscape of an ageing population and age-related disease brings with it huge socio-economic and public healthcare concerns across nations. Correspondingly, monumental human and financial resources have been invested in biomedical research, with a mission to decode the mechanisms of ageing and how these contribute to age-related disease. Multiple hallmarks of ageing have been identified that are common across taxa, highlighting their fundamental importance. These include dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism and telomeres biology, epigenetic modifications, cell–matrix interactions, proteostasis, dysregulated nutrient sensing, stem cell exhaustion, inflammageing and immuno-senescence. While our understanding of the molecular basis of ageing is improving, it remains a complex and multifactorial process that remains to be fully understood. A key aspect of the shortfall in our understanding of the ageing process lies in translating data from standard animal models to humans. Consequently, we suggest that a ‘biomimetic’ and comparative approach, integrating knowledge from species in the wild, as opposed to inbred genetically homogenous laboratory animals, can provide powerful insights into human ageing processes. Here we discuss some particularities and comparative patterns among several species from the animal kingdom, endowed with longevity or short lifespans and unique metabolic profiles that could be potentially exploited to the understanding of ageing and age-related diseases. Based upon lessons from nature, we also highlight several avenues for renewed focus in the pathophysiology of ageing and age-related disease (i.e. diet-microbiome-health axis, oxidative protein damage, adaptive homoeostasis and planetary health). We propose that a biomimetic alliance with collaborative research from different disciplines can improve our understanding of ageing and age-related diseases with long-term sustainable utility.
Low‐cost fabrication of indium tin oxide (ITO) FETs for sodium detection in electrolytes and human urine
Authors: Gianti Mahmudah Salwa , Oh Hong Gi , Cho Hae Shin , Jo Da Ae , Indriatmoko Muhammad Naufal , Lim Joon Mook , Jang Byoung Kuk , Song Kwang Soup
Published: May 2021

Here, robust and low‐cost sodium sensors based on the ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor (ISFET) are fabricated using indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film. The effect of the presence of oxygen during the sputtering of the ITO thin film is characterized on the sensitivity of sodium ion (Na+) detection. A sodium ionophore III membrane is applied on the ITO substrate to fabricate ISFET (ITO‐ISFET). The results reveal that the increase in the oxygen gas flow rate (0–1 sccm) with a fixed argon flow rate at 20 sccm during sputtering increased the sensitivity of ITO‐ISFET to Na+ from 15.8 to 100.9 mV/decade. In addition, the proper condition with a nearly Nernstian slope is at 0.4 sccm oxygen flow rate. Furthermore, the experimental results reveal that the sensors exhibit a high sensitivity of 58.5 ± 2.1 mV/decade in a wide range (10−10 to 10−1 M). The limit of detection (LOD) of ITO‐ISFET is 1.8 nM, which is lower than the minimum allowable Na+ level in the human body and urine. Furthermore, the proposed ITO‐ISFET has the capability to detect Na+ in real human patient urine without any dilution process.
Decentralized robust dispatch for multi‐area AC/DC system considering wind power uncertainty
Authors: Du Gang , Zhao Dongmei , Liu Xin , Wu Zhiqiang , Li Chao
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a decentralized robust dispatch method for multi‐area AC/DC system considering wind power uncertainty. The accommodated wind power interval model is adopted to handle the inherent uncertainty and volatility of wind generation, which is modelled based on the affinely adjustable robust optimization method. The accommodated wind power interval and the automatic generation control participation factors are optimized simultaneously to accommodate more wind energy and ensure operational reliability of the entire multi‐area system. The flexible adjustment model of HVDC converter station is also presented to accommodate more wind power. Then, the resulting economic dispatch model for multi‐area system is solved in a fully decentralized and parallel manner using accelerated alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm to preserve the information privacy and dispatch independence of each region. Case studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
BFGS method based variable projection approach for image restoration
Authors: Chen Qiong‐Ying , Huang Yun‐Zhi , Gan Min , Chen C. L. Philip , Chen Guang‐Yong
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a variable projection approach based on the BFGS (Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno) method for image reconstruction problems is proposed, which is an alternative to the common alternating minimisation scheme. The image restoration is expressed as a nonlinear least‐squares problem with reduced parameter space. To improve the efficiency of the algorithm, the BFGS method is proposed to be used to optimise the reduced objective function. The large‐scale problem considered in this paper is projected on to a small Krylov subspace using Lanczos bidiagonalisation. The regularisation parameter is selected by a weighted generalised cross validation criterion. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Directional sensitivity of track initialisation of a multistatic Doppler‐only passive radar network
Authors: Tolonen Miika , Kauranne Tuomo , Hartikka Juha , Ritola Mauno , Korhonen Matti
Published: May 2021

A multistatic passive radar network originally presented in Ptak et al. for long‐distance aircraft tracking is sensitive to track initialisation errors. When these errors exceed 50 km, target tracking often diverges. Initialisation can be improved by even coarse directional information. The impact of binary directional information was studied, which allows flights to be assigned to start from east or west of the multistatic network. Substantial improvement to the performance of flight tracking is observed on reference data based on Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast information.
The long period of3He-rich solar energetic particles measured by Solar Orbiter 2020 November 17–23
Authors: Bučík R. , Mason G. M. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Lario D. , Balmaceda L. , Nitta N. V. , Krupař V. , Dresing N. , Ho G. C. , Allen R. C. , Carcaboso F. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J. , Schuller F. , Warmuth A. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Freiherr von Forstner J. L. , Andrews G. B. , Berger L. , Cernuda I. , Espinosa Lara F. , Lees W. J. , Martín C. , Pacheco D. , Prieto M. , Sánchez-Prieto S. , Schlemm C. E. , Seifert H. , Tyagi K. , Maksimovic M. , Vecchio A. , Kollhoff A. , Kühl P. , Xu Z.G. , Eldrum S.
Published: May 2021

We report observations of a relatively long period of3He-rich solar energetic particles (SEPs) measured by Solar Orbiter. The period consists of several well-resolved ion injections. The high-resolution STEREO-A imaging observations reveal that the injections coincide with extreme ultraviolet jets and brightenings near the east limb, not far from the nominal magnetic connection of Solar Orbiter. The jets originated in two adjacent, large, and complex active regions, as observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory when the regions rotated into the Earth’s view. It appears that the sustained ion injections were related to the complex configuration of the sunspot group and the long period of3He-rich SEPs to the longitudinal extent covered by the group during the analyzed time period.
Towards transdisciplinary decision-support processes in fisheries: experiences and recommendations from a multidisciplinary collective of researchers
Authors: Macher Claire , Steins Nathalie A. , Ballesteros Marta , Kraan Marloes , Frangoudes Katia , Bailly Denis , Bertignac Michel , Colloca Francesco , Fitzpatrick Mike , Garcia Dorleta , Little Rich , Mardle Simon , Murillas Arantza , Pawlowski Lionel , Philippe Manuelle , Prellezo Raul , Sabatella Evelina , Thébaud Olivier , Ulrich Clara
Published: May 2021

The shifting policy focus towards Ecosystem Based Management in Fisheries (EBFM) requires the integration of knowledge and disciplines and the engagement of stakeholders to support decision-making processes. Scientists contribute to this through (i) participatory research projects, (ii) stakeholder partnerships and (iii) institutional scientific advice processes. Understanding the role of scientists in such processes, the nature of the interactions between scientists, stakeholders and managers in knowledge integration and the link between science and policy is an emerging field of research addressing transdisciplinary challenges. In 2018, Ifremer-UMR AMURE organized the workshop ‘Science, Partnership and Decision-support in Fisheries’ bringing together international scientists from natural and social sciences to conduct a review based on twenty concrete case studies. Findings indicate that science-stakeholder-manager partnerships for decision-support in fisheries can play an essential role in the transition to EBFM. To foster this transition, eight recommendations are presented that cover the roles of the different participants, the expectations of partnerships, capacity building, the integration of the social sciences, and funding structures. Further, it is recommended that future research and innovation framework programmes into sustainable fisheries and other ocean uses should explicitly include mechanisms to foster transdisciplinary approaches and the development of best practices. Building-up networks and developing reflexive approaches to review experiences and practices for transdisciplinary approaches in EFBM decision-support will contribute to design the next generation transdisciplinary platforms and generating actionable knowledge towards EBFM.
Intraoperative Beatmung bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Wrigge Hermann , Streibert Fridolin
Published: May 2021

Die Beatmungstherapie kann offenbar nicht nur bei Patienten mit akutem Lungenversagen einen Einfluss auf den Krankheitsverlauf haben. Lungenprotektive Beatmungskonzepte werden daher auch für die Narkosebeatmung propagiert. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert verschiedene Aspekte der Beatmungstherapie in Narkose und berücksichtigt dabei auch die zunehmende Verbreitung von Adipositas bei erwachsenen Patienten.
Single and double shell ignition targets for the national ignition facility at 527 nm
Authors: Wilson D. C. , Spaeth M. L. , Yin L. , Sauppe J. P. , Hopkins L. B. , Loomis E. N. , Sacks R. F. , Albright B. J. , Strozzi D. , Munro D. , Widmayer C. , Raymond B. , Manes K. , Kline J. L.
Published: May 2021

Converting and using the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to deliver 527 nm light instead of its current 351 nm would allow the laser to deliver more energy and power to ignition targets. We update previous 527 nm target design work to reflect more contemporary target designs using high-density carbon capsules and low density helium gas filled Hohlraums. We extend single shell capsule designs based on current experimental results to higher energy and power and also explore double shell capsules, both driven by green light. These studies were completed using detailed pulse shapes found for targets that converged with acceptable 2D implosion symmetries and then used the Lava Lamp II code to confirm their feasibility at NIF. A 1.2× dimensional scaleup of one tuned NIF target at the limit of its current 351 nm capabilities and shot 170827 uses 3.3 MJ, at the limit of the current NIF's 527 nm capability. With the less-structured pulse of a double shell target, 3.7 MJ could be delivered by the laser. Our LPI calculations do not preclude operation at 527 nm, particularly for low fill Hohlraums, and suggest that the stimulated Raman backscatter may be no worse than the small quantities seen in 170827; stimulated forward Raman scattering may be present. If Stimulated Brillouin Scattering is too great, the much greater laser bandwidth available at 527 nm could be used to decrease backscatter. These larger targets with higher energy and power may offer a better chance of achieving ignition with only modest changes to the NIF laser.
Understanding simple liquids through statistical and deep learning approaches
Authors: Moradzadeh A. , Aluru N. R.
Published: May 2021

Statistical and deep learning-based methods are employed to obtain insights into the quasi-universal properties of simple liquids. In the first part, a statistical model is employed to provide a probabilistic explanation for the similarity in the structure of simple liquids interacting with different pair potential forms, collectively known as simple liquids. The methodology works by sampling the radial distribution function and the number of interacting particles within the cutoff distance, and it produces the probability density function of the net force. We show that matching the probability distribution of the net force can be a direct route to parameterize simple liquid pair potentials with a similar structure, as the net force is the main component of the Newtonian equations of motion. The statistical model is assessed and validated against various cases. In the second part, we exploit DeepILST [A. Moradzadeh and N. R. Aluru, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10, 1242–1250 (2019)], a data-driven and deep-learning assisted framework to parameterize the standard 12-6 Lennard-Jones (LJ) pair potential, to find structurally equivalent/isomorphic LJ liquids that identify constant order parameter [τ=∫0ξcfgξ−1ξ2dξ, where gξ and ξ(=rρ13) are the reduced radial distribution function and radial distance, respectively] systems in the space of non-dimensional temperature and density of the LJ liquids. We also investigate the consistency of DeepILST in reproducibility of radial distribution functions of various quasi-universal potentials, e.g., exponential, inverse-power-law, and Yukawa pair potentials, quantified based on the radial distribution functions and Kullback–Leibler errors. Our results provide insights into the quasi-universality of simple liquids using the statistical and deep learning methods.
Magnetic field dependent viscoelasticity of a highly stable magnetorheological fluid under oscillatory shear
Authors: Fan Yuqin , Xie Lei , Yang Wenyan , Sun Baoguang
Published: May 2021

In our previous works, a new kind of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) consisting of high viscosity linear polysiloxane (HVLP) as carrier and carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) as magnetoactive dispersions, i.e., HVLP MRF, was proposed. HVLP MRF is a promising candidate in the field of heavy equipment for its long-term suspension stability. In this study, we further investigate the viscoelastic properties of HVLP MRF under oscillatory shear in order to evaluate its work performance. HVLP MRFs with different CIP concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, and 70 wt. %) were synthesized. SEM microstructure, visible MR effect, and magnetic properties were performed. The effects of magnetic flux density, CIP concentration, shear strain, and shear angular frequency on the viscoelastic moduli were examined by using a Physica MCR-301 rheometer. The results show that the viscoelastic moduli are magnetic field dependent. The storage modulus increases with increasing the magnetic flux density, while the loss modulus presents a tendency of rising up at the beginning and declining in late. A critical particle concentration threshold (∼70 wt. %) was found to maximize the magneto-storage modulus increment. Both the upper limit of linear viscoelastic region and the flow point increase as the magnetic flux density increases. It reveals that the field dependent viscoelasticity of HVLP MRF is the result of competition between the structure-enhancement of magneto-induced particle chains and structural deformation under oscillatory shear. Additionally, in the linear viscoelastic region, HVLP MRF shows little dependence on shear angular frequency, implying an excellent working stability in a complex environment.
Efficient sampling of thermal averages of interacting quantum particle systems with random batches
Authors: Ye Xuda , Zhou Zhennan
Published: May 2021

An efficient sampling method, the pmmLang + RBM, is proposed to compute the quantum thermal average in the interacting quantum particle system. Benefiting from the random batch method (RBM), the pmmLang + RBM has the potential to reduce the complexity due to interaction forces per time step from O(NP2) to O(NP), where N is the number of beads and P is the number of particles. Although the RBM introduces a random perturbation of the interaction forces at each time step, the long time effects of the random perturbations along the sampling process only result in a small bias in the empirical measure of the pmmLang + RBM from the target distribution, which also implies a small error in the thermal average calculation. We numerically study the convergence of the pmmLang + RBM and quantitatively investigate the dependence of the error in computing the thermal average on the parameters such as batch size, time step, and so on. We also propose an extension of the pmmLang + RBM, which is based on the splitting Monte Carlo method and is applicable when the interacting potential contains a singular part.
Spatial-temporal features of the coherent structure of sheet/cloud cavitation flows using a frequency-weighted dynamic mode decomposition approach
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Yunqiao , Wang Benlong
Published: May 2021

To analyze the spatial-temporal features of sheet/cloud cavitating flows, a frequency-weighted dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) approach was proposed. A series of physical experiments with a cavitating flow around a NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 0012 hydrofoil were conducted with different cavitation numbers, where side- and bottom-view images of cloud cavitation were recorded by two high-speed cameras. Higher modes could be easily and clearly identified by analyzing the image differences between two adjacent snapshots in the time series recorded by the high-speed cameras. By assessing statistical two-dimensional cavitating flows around a hydrofoil, this work presents new insights on sheet/cloud cavitating flows. DMD results of the side-view snapshots showed that the shedding frequency increases with cavitation number, and the shedding behavior of sheet cavities with different lengths and frequencies can be uniformly described by a modified Strouhal number. The cavitating flows in bottom-view images are more complex and vary along the span. Different shedding patterns can be identified according to the aspect ratio of the cavity.
Ultrafast all-optical diffraction switching using semiconductor metasurfaces
Authors: Vabishchevich Polina P. , Vaskin Aleksandr , Karl Nicholas , Reno John L. , Sinclair Michael B. , Staude Isabelle , Brener Igal
Published: May 2021

Ultrafast all-optical switching using Mie resonant metasurfaces requires both on-demand tunability of the wavefront of the light and ultrafast time response. However, devising a switching mechanism that has a high contrast between its “on” and “off” states without compromising speed is challenging. Here, we report the design of a tunable Mie resonant metasurface that achieves this behavior. Our approach utilizes a diffractive array of semiconductor resonators that support both dipolar and quadrupolar Mie resonances. By balancing the strengths of the dipole and quadrupole resonances, we can suppress radiation into the first diffraction order, thus creating a clearly delineated “off”-state at the operating wavelength. Then, we use optical injection of free- carriers to spectrally shift the multipoles and rebalance the multipole strengths, thereby enabling radiation into the diffraction order—all on an ultrafast timescale. We demonstrate ultrafast off-to-on switching with Ion/Ioff ≈ 5 modulation of the diffracted intensity and ultrafast on-to-off switching with Ion/Ioff ≈ 9 modulation. Both switches exhibit a fast τtr ≈ 2.7 ps relaxation time at 215 μJ cm−2 pump fluence. Further, we show that for higher fluences, the temporal response of the metasurface is governed by thermo-optic effects. This combination of multipole engineering with lattice diffraction opens design pathways for tunable metasurface-based integrated devices.
Myths and truths about optical phase change materials: A perspective
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Ríos Carlos , Shalaginov Mikhail Y. , Li Mo , Majumdar Arka , Gu Tian , Hu Juejun
Published: May 2021

Uniquely furnishing giant and nonvolatile modulation of optical properties and chalcogenide phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as a promising material to transform integrated photonics and free-space optics alike. The surge of interest in these materials warrants a thorough understanding of their characteristics specifically in the context of photonic applications. This article seeks to clarify some commonly held misconceptions about PCMs and offer a perspective on new research frontiers in the field.
Roosting behaviour and the tree-hollow requirements of bats: insights from the lesser long-eared bat (
Authors: Lumsden Linda F. , Griffiths Stephen R. , Silins John E. , Bennett Andrew F.
Published: May 2021

Access to suitable roosts is critical for the conservation of tree-hollow roosting bats worldwide. Availability of roost sites is influenced by human land-use, but also by the roosting requirements and behaviour of species. We investigated roosting behaviour of the lesser long-eared bat (Nyctophilus geoffroyi) and Gould’s wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii) in a rural landscape in south-eastern Australia. Forty-five N. geoffroyi and 27 C. gouldii were fitted with radio-transmitters, resulting in the location of 139 and 89 roosts, respectively. Most (88%) roosts occupied by male N. geoffroyi contained only a single individual. During the breeding season female colonies were larger, with maternity roosts containing 18.3 ± 5.7 (s.e.) individuals. Mean colony sizes for C. gouldii were 8.7 ± 1.4 individuals. Both species shifted roosts frequently: on average, individual N. geoffroyi moved every 2.2 ± 0.23 days and C. gouldii every 2.2 ± 0.14 days. Notably, lactating female N. geoffroyi shifted roosts more frequently than non-breeding females. Individuals of both species roosted within a discrete area, with roosts typically <300 m apart; and consistently returned there from foraging up to 12 km distant. This roosting behaviour highlights three important requirements: (1) a relatively large overall number of hollows to support a population; (2) discrete roost areas with a high density of suitable hollows in close proximity; and (3) a range of hollow types to provide the specialised roosts required, particularly for breeding.
Electrodeposition of atmosphere-sensitive ternary sodium transition metal oxide films for sodium-based electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Patra Arghya , Davis Jerome , Pidaparthy Saran , Karigerasi Manohar H. , Zahiri Beniamin , Kulkarni Ashish A. , Caple Michael A. , Shoemaker Daniel P. , Zuo Jian Min , Braun Paul V.
Published: May 2021

Significance

Layered sodium transition metal oxides constitute an important class of materials with applications including electrochemical energy storage, high-temperature superconductivity, and electrocatalysis. However, electrodeposition of these compounds, an approach commonly used to grow oxides, has been elusive due to their atmosphere instability and intrinsic incompatibility with aqueous electrolytes. Using a molten sodium hydroxide electrolyte, we demonstrate electrodeposition of O3 (O′3)- and P2-type layered sodium transition metal oxides and apply these electrodeposits as high areal capacity cathodes in sodium-ion batteries. The electrodeposits are micrometers thick, polycrystalline, and structurally similar to materials synthesized classically at high temperature. This work enables fabrication of previously inaccessible alkali and alkaline earth ion intercalated, higher valent transition group oxides in important thick film form factors.
Oviductal motile cilia are essential for oocyte pickup but dispensable for sperm and embryo transport
Authors: Yuan Shuiqiao , Wang Zhuqing , Peng Hongying , Ward Sean M. , Hennig Grant W. , Zheng Huili , Yan Wei
Published: May 2021

Significance

The oviduct is essential for female fertility due to its two main functions: transport and nourishment. While the nourishment role is mainly fulfilled by secretory cells, the relative contribution to the transport function by ciliated cells and smooth muscle cells remains controversial. Here, we show that functional motile cilia in the infundibulum are essential for oocyte pickup and transport, whereas motile cilia in the ampulla and isthmus regions of the oviduct facilitate gamete and embryo transport but are dispensable for female fertility. Knowledge derived from the present study may have important clinical implications in the areas including development of nonhormonal female contraceptives, understanding the cause of ectopic pregnancy and high-grade serous ovarian cancer, etc.
Calibration of gas flow meters using choked flow and an evacuated vessel
Authors: Trueblood Max B , Schmid Otmar , Altese Nicholas , Hurst Christian J , Liu Wenyan , Gelles Teresa , Achterberg Steven C , Whitefield Philip D , Hagen Donald E
Published: May 2021

The measurement of gas flow rates is of great importance in a wide range of modern technologies. This paper introduces a simple, yet accurate technique for in-house calibration of gas FMs (mass and volumetric) even under harsh environmental conditions such as encountered during field measurement campaigns. The method requires only readily available, low cost components: a vessel of known volume, an air pump, a pressure sensor and a metal plate orifice or a needle valve to act as a CO. The unique property of choked flow in the CO is used here for flow calibration. In the method presented here a vessel is evacuated to below the critical pressure (<0.53 of upstream pressure) and then allowed to refill with ambient air (or some other process gas) under so-called choked flow conditions through the CO. The method presented here leverages that the flow rate upstream of the CO is not only constant but readily determined from (a) the known V
VESS, (b) the measured time rate of change of the absolute pressure in the vessel and (c) the ideal gas law. This calculated flow rate can be used for calibration of FMs. The accuracy of the method depends only on the accuracy of the pressure measurement, the timer and the value of the V
VESS. The flow rate computed in this way is found to be in excellent agreement (typically 1% difference) with the flow rate measured by a soap film FM (Gilibrator). As expected from theory this method is found to work for all kinds of CFRs (here: various types of metal plate orifices and needle valves were tested), gas types (here: air, Argon, and CO2) and upstream pressures (here: between 650 hPa and 1400 hPa). The accuracy of this technique (∼1%) is as good as that of standard volume displacement methods (e.g. soap film FMs) (typically 1% difference), the standard of laboratory-based flow calibrators, but less expensive and more suitable for harsh environments.
Morphology of three-body quantum states from machine learning
Authors: Huber David , Marchukov Oleksandr V , Hammer Hans-Werner , Volosniev Artem G
Published: May 2021

The relative motion of three impenetrable particles on a ring, in our case two identical fermions and one impurity, is isomorphic to a triangular quantum billiard. Depending on the ratio κ of the impurity and fermion masses, the billiards can be integrable or non-integrable (also referred to in the main text as chaotic). To set the stage, we first investigate the energy level distributions of the billiards as a function of 1/κ ∈ [0, 1] and find no evidence of integrable cases beyond the limiting values 1/κ = 1 and 1/κ = 0. Then, we use machine learning tools to analyze properties of probability distributions of individual quantum states. We find that convolutional neural networks can correctly classify integrable and non-integrable states. The decisive features of the wave functions are the normalization and a large number of zero elements, corresponding to the existence of a nodal line. The network achieves typical accuracies of 97%, suggesting that machine learning tools can be used to analyze and classify the morphology of probability densities obtained in theory or experiment.
Thermodynamics of a rotating and non-linear magnetic-charged black hole in the quintessence field
Authors: Ndongmo Ragil , Mahamat Saleh , Bouetou Thomas Bouetou , Kofane Timoleon Crepin
Published: May 2021

We purpose an approach for the thermodynamic analysis of a rotating and non-linear magnetic-charged black hole with quintessence. Accordingly, we compute various thermodynamic quantities of the black hole, such as mass, temperature, potential provided from the magnetic charge, and the heat capacity. This allows us to appreciate how quintessence modifies the behaviour of the black hole. Moreover, we study second-order phase transitions of this black hole, analysing the plot of its heat capacity. Then, we show that the black hole mass would have a phase of decrease. From the behaviour of the heat capacity, we point out that the black hole undergoes to a second-order phase transition, which is shifted towards higher values of entropy as we increase the rotating parameter a or the magnetic parameter Q. However, we have found that when we increase the quintessence parameter c, the second-order phase transition is instead shifted to lower entropy values.
Online recognition of handwritten characters from scalp-recorded brain activities during handwriting
Authors: Pei Leisi , Ouyang Guang
Published: May 2021

Objective. Brain–computer interfaces aim to build an efficient communication with the world using neural signals, which may bring great benefits to human society, especially to people with physical impairments. To date, the ability to translate brain signals to effective communication outcome remains low. This work explores whether the handwriting process could serve as a potential interface with high performance. To this end, we first examined how much the scalp-recorded brain signals encode information related to handwriting and whether it is feasible to precisely retrieve the handwritten content solely from the scalp-recorded electrical data. Approach. Five participants were instructed to write the sentence ‘HELLO, WORLD!’ repeatedly on a tablet while their brain signals were simultaneously recorded by electroencephalography (EEG). The EEG signals were first decomposed by independent component analysis for extracting features to be used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize the written symbols. Main results. The accuracy of the CNN-based classifier trained and applied on the same participant (training and test data separated) ranged from 76.8% to 97.0%. The accuracy of cross-participant application was more diverse, ranging from 14.7% to 58.7%. These results showed the possibility of recognizing the handwritten content directly from the scalp level brain signal. A demonstration of the recognition system in an online mode was presented. The major factor that grounded the recognition was the close association between the rich dynamics of electroencephalogram source activities and the kinematic information during the handwriting movements. Significance. This work revealed an explicit and precise mapping between scalp-level electrophysiological signals and linguistic information conveyed by handwriting, which provided a novel approach to developing brain computer interfaces that focus on semantic communication.
A Modification method based on U-Net for the distorted pseudo edge of aerial initial orthophoto
Authors: Xiong JIA , Jianxin HU , Hu JIANCHENG
Published: May 2021

The images captured by UAV camera have serious non-perspective distortion, and the overlap rate of heading and side direction is high. Only about 30% area of the image is available. The characteristics of small image frame and small ratio of base to height also lead to of model connection.In addition, the accuracy of image segmentation based on feature extraction is far from enough.Although the classical convolutional neural network can achieve effective image segmentation and edge calculation, but the resolution is declining in the process of forward propagation, which makes it difficult to achieve accurate segmentation of building edge when only using the features of the last layer.The above problems are the main reasons for the poor accuracy and serious distortion of the final synthetic aerial orthophoto image.To solve this problem, this paper proposes a U-Net based method to calculate and correct the distorted pseudo edge of aerial orthophoto.The object of study is the initial Orthophoto Image which is not synthesized by aerial photography.Firstly, based on the idea of U-Net, a neural network model with excellent performance in the field of image segmentation, the symmetrical network structure is used to fuse the high-dimensional and low dimensional features of the depth network to restore the high fidelity real boundary.Secondly, before the true value output, for the distorted features, brown method is used to find the superposition constraint positions of ideal feature points and corrected feature points, calculate the pseudo edge between distorted and undistorted, extract and prune, and retain the undistorted true value region.Finally, nested overlay and constraint detection are performed by combining the DEM of satellite images with the combined aerial orthophoto results.In the research and test, the detection accuracy statistics of internal industry encryption points and field control points with different scale accuracy are adopted, and the total coverage area is 0.5km²,more than 4000 buiding target data sets.The results show that the DOM detection error of the new aerial composite image and satellite image is less than 3 m and 9 m, which shows that the edge calculation and correction of aerial orthophoto composite image based on U-Net is efficient and feasible.