bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting Everyday Creativity in Ubiquitous Music Making
Authors: Keller Damián , Helena de Lima Maria
Published: June 2016

The concept of everyday musical creativity is related to non-professional musical activities carried out in venues not intended for artistic practice. Everyday musical creativity demands technological support to provide access to musical resources by non-musicians and by musicians engaging in musical activities in domestic and public spaces. This chapter covers key aspects of the conceptual ubiquitous music framework and its methodological implications for the support of everyday creative activities. We discuss strategies to enhance music information value within the context of two sets of studies, the first set focusing on the development of an interaction metaphor and the second set dealing with the assessment of technological requirements to support creative musical activities in educational contexts. One of the implications of the methodological framework proposed by ubiquitous music studies is the expanded notion of musical information as a product of creative experience rather than as an abstract symbolic system.
Overview of Approaches and Future Challenges for Development of Music Recommendation Socio-Technical Systems
Authors: Lugovic Sergej
Published: June 2016

This paper analyses the position of music recommendations in the wider context of music information behavior research and proposes five music information behavior dimensions: socio-cognitive information experience, information seeking, information retrieval, recommendations, and content consumption and analysis. It examines different approaches in the development of music recommendation systems (RS) which are applicable to all types of web information resources. These approaches are classified as content-based, collaborative, demographic, knowledge-based, meta-data-based, emotion-based and context-based, while the hybrid approach to RS development combines two or more approaches into one. Also, recent developments in the domain of music recommendations are discussed in detail. Finally, challenges and opportunities for collaboration between the scientific and the commercial communities on the development of new RS models are being explored.
Catalogue Æsthetics
Authors: Koutsomichalis Marinos
Published: June 2016

The technological breakthroughs of the previous century caused a series of profound cultural shifts, which led to the digitalization of developed societies. Accordingly, the listening paradigm of the 21st century is no longer that of being passively exposed to music. Instead, contemporary audiences are typically expected to dynamically traverse collections of (big) data and, synthesize, rather than just access, musical content, employing several overlapping interfaces. In a similar fashion, the compositional schemata of the past have been shifted to account for the predominant symbolic form of our times, i.e. the Database. In that vein, several approaches to database (driven) music are scrutinized in this chapter, both in historical retrospective, as well as with respect to contemporary compositional practices.
Data Stream Mining of Event and Complex Event Streams
Authors: Wrench Chris , Stahl Frederic , Di Fatta Giuseppe , Karthikeyan Vidhyalakshmi , Nauck Detlef D.
Published: June 2016

Complex Event Processing has been a growing field for the last ten years. It has seen the development of a number of methods and tools to aid in the processing of event streams and clouds though it has also been troubled by the lack of a cohesive definition. This paper aims to layout the technologies surrounding CEP and to distinguish it from the closely related field of Event Stream Processing. It also aims to explore the work done to apply Data Mining Techniques to both of these fields. An outline of stream processing technologies is laid out including the Data Stream Mining techniques that have been adapted for CEP.
Research Challenges in Big Data Analytics
Authors: Chokkalingam Sivamathi , S. Vijayarani
Published: June 2016

The term Big Data refers to large-scale information management and analysis technologies that exceed the capability of traditional data processing technologies. Big Data is differentiated from traditional technologies in three ways: volume, velocity and variety of data. Big data analytics is the process of analyzing large data sets which contains a variety of data types to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations, market trends, customer preferences and other useful business information. Since Big Data is new emerging field, there is a need for development of new technologies and algorithms for handling big data. The main objective of this paper is to provide knowledge about various research challenges of Big Data analytics. A brief overview of various types of Big Data analytics is discussed in this paper. For each analytics, the paper describes process steps and tools. A banking application is given for each analytics. Some of research challenges and possible solutions for those challenges of big data analytics are also discussed.
A Framework to Analyze Enterprise Social Network Data
Authors: Hacker Janine Viol , Bodendorf Freimut , Lorenz Pascal
Published: June 2016

Enterprise Social Networks have a similar set of functionalities as social networking sites but are run as closed applications within a company's intranet. Interacting and communicating on the Enterprise Social Networks, the users, i.e. a company's employees, leave digital traces. The resulting digital record stored in the platform's back end bears great potential for enterprise big data engineering, analytics, and management. This book chapter provides an overview of research in the area of Enterprise Social Networks and categorizes Enterprise Social Network data based on typical functionalities of these platforms. It introduces exemplary metrics as well as a process for the analysis of ESN data. The resulting framework for the analysis of Enterprise Social Network data can serve as a guideline for researchers in the area of Enterprise Social Network analytics and companies interested in analyzing the data stored in the application's back end.
Data Modeling and Knowledge Discovery in Process Industries
Authors: Klöpper Benjamin , Dix Marcel , Arnu David , Siddapura Dikshith
Published: June 2016

Dispersed data sources, incompatible data formats and a lack of non-ambiguous and machine readable meta-data is a major obstacle in data analytics and data mining projects in process industries. Often, meta-information is only available in unstructured format optimized for human consumption. This contribution outlines a feasible methodology for organizing historical datasets extracted from process plants in a big data platform for the purpose of analytics and machine learning model building in an industrial big data analytics project.
Using Big Data in Collaborative Learning
Authors: Sokolowski Liz , Oussena Samia
Published: June 2016

Big data emerged as a dominant trend for predictive analytics in many areas of industry and commerce. The study aimed to explore whether similar trends and benefits have been observed in the area of collaborative learning. The study looked at the domains in which the collaborative learning was undertaken. The results of the review found that the majority of the studies were undertaken in the Computing and Engineering or Social Science domains, primarily at undergraduate level. The results indicate that the data collection focus is on interaction data to describe the process of the collaboration itself, rather than on the end product of the collaboration. The student interaction data came from various sources, but with a notable concentration on data obtained from discussion forums and virtual learning environment logs. The review highlighted some challenges; the noisy nature of this data and the need for manual pre-processing of textual data currently renders much of it unsuitable for automated ‘big data' analytical approaches.
Current Discussions on the Question
Authors: Sadioglu Ugur , Dede Kadir
Published: June 2016

Subject of local governments has been attracting the attention of researchers from various disciplines in recent years. Local governments themselves and other related actors undergo a transformation in the face of new public management, good governance, direct democracy, decentralization and other reform waves. Thoughts directing reforms, reform tools and reform results have diversified. In addition, new problem areas have arisen in the local governments after the reform process. Number of studies analyzing local governments both during and after the administrative reform process from a comparative perspective has increased as well. Currently, there is a need to analyze local governments from comparative perspective via different theoretical discussions and country studies. This part will present current discussions as an introduction to comparative local government studies introduced in general terms throughout the book. Particularly the question remarks to have arisen after the local government reform will be addressed and analyzed.
Why Municipal Cooperation Matters
Authors: Teles Filipe , Kettunen Pekka
Published: June 2016

It is a common phenomenon that municipalities cooperate with each other. Cooperation eventually brings about the gains of efficiency or makes it possible to deliver services. We can however assume that cooperation may also fail, cause unwarranted negative side-effects and diminish the democratic capacity of the participating municipalities. The aim of this paper is to present the literature and available scholarship on the topic, and discuss the research agenda on inter-municipal cooperation, especially through the analysis of its scope, motivations, and perceived costs and benefits. The approach to the problem will be based in multidisciplinary contributions of existing research, which involves theoretical arguments related to the advantages of cooperation, the impact on democracy and accountability, as well as the discussion of public vs private provision of services. The conclusions should enable a serious reflection about Inter-Municipal Cooperation state of the art.
Institutionalizing the Politics-Administration Dichotomy in Local Government
Authors: Callanan Mark
Published: June 2016

This chapter examines local government in Ireland, with a particular focus on the evolution of the council-manager form within the Irish local government system. Strengthening executive leadership within local government is an enduring theme of local government reforms internationally, typically manifesting itself through stronger directly-elected mayors or cabinet-style executive structures. An alternative approach used in some jurisdictions is the ‘city manager' or ‘council-manager' model, whereby a non-political manager is given significant autonomy to work within a policy framework established by the elected council. This chapter also examines other reform themes in Irish local government, such as territorial and structural changes, functional and financial reforms, efforts to facilitate greater citizen participation in local government, and the influence of New Public Management and efficiency reforms in response to the financial crisis and great recession after 2007.
Italy
Authors: Bolgherini Silvia , Lippi Andrea
Published: June 2016

In the last decades Italy faced a long political transition, which displayed its effects also on the institutional policy of this country. The changes occurred in these years on local and meso-governments will be scrutinized in this chapter looking at the different strategies adopted. Remapping local government in Italy fundamentally meant three different ‘R-approaches': a Re-allocation of legal power (decentralization in the light of NPM) (from 1990 to 2000); a Re-shaping of the institutional setting (devolution) in favour of subsidiarity (from 2001 to 2009); a Re-scaling of functions in terms of recentralization (upscaling) and a search for an optimal territorial scale in times of economic crisis (since 2008).
The quality of silage of different sorghum genotypes
Authors: Tolentino Daniella Cangussú , Rodrigues José Avelino Santos , Pires Daniel Ananias de Assis , Veriato Florence Taciana , Lima Luciana Oliva Barbosa , Moura Marielly Maria Almeida
Published: June 2016

The objective was to select from among 24 sorghum genotypes the superior ones for silage production. The study was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa Maize & Sorghum, in the municipality of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State. It used 24 forage sorghum genotypes, 21 being hybrids from the crossing of grain sorghum females and forage males (12F38019, 12F38006, 12F40006, 12F40005, 12F40019, 12F37016, 12F37005, 12F37043, 12F39006, 12F39005, 12F39019, 12F38005, 12F38007, 12F37007, 12F39007, 12F40007, 12F38014, 12F37014, 12F39014, 12F40014 e 12F38009) and three witnesses: BRS 610, BRS 655 and Volumax. It estimated productivity per area, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and assessed the bromatological and fermentation characteristics of sorghum silage. In vitro dry matter digestibility, unavailable protein in neutral detergent, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and lignin differed as to the genotypes tested. The pH and the ammoniacal nitrogen of the silage also showed differences between genotypes. Most of the genotypes tested are favorable for silage production, except the hybrid with higher lignin content 12F370014, and the hybrids 12F37007 and 12F370014, which showed the highest NDFap values.
Performance of Japanese quails fed diets with low-protein and isoleucine
Authors: Santos Graciene Conceição , Garcia Edivaldo Antonio , Vieira Filho Javer Alves , Molino Andrea Britto , Pelicia Kleber , Berto Daniella Aparecida
Published: June 2016

Aiming to assess isoleucine levels in low protein diets for laying Japanese quails, 648 quails of 182 days of age were distributed in experimental block design with six treatments and six replicates of 18 birds each. Treatments consisted of a basal level corresponding to 0.672% isoleucine and supplemented with isoleucine to the levels of 0.816, 0.960; 1.104; 1.248%. The experimental diets were compared to a control diet containing 20% CP. The parameters studied were: performance, egg quality, total solids and nitrogen in the excreta. There was a linear increase only for isoleucine intake with increasing levels of isoleucine in the diets. The comparison of mean values of each combination of isoleucine levels for diets with 16% CP with the control with 20% CP showed that the intake of CP and isoleucine, egg weight, nitrogen excretion and yolk color were significantly affected. For Japanese quail fed diets with 16% CP, with isoleucine level at 0.672%, meets the requirements for obtaining satisfactory performance and egg quality and promoted a reduction in nitrogen excretion.
Análise dos fatores determinantes da estrutura de capital das empresas do setor de construção civil: Uma abordagem durante e após a crise imobiliária
Authors: Da Silva Ana Paula Braga , Francisco José Roberto De Souza
Published: June 2016

O campo de estudos na área de finanças corporativas esta cada vez mais amplo, exigindo uma alta qualificação das empresas, como quesito para continuarem operando no mercado. O presente estudo, busca verificar possíveis fatores determinantes da estrutura de capital, das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto, do setor de construção civil, em uma análise comparativa entre o período da crise financeira mundial de 2008 (2007 a 2010) e o período subsequente ao da crise (2011 a 2013). A avaliação é feita pelo método econométrico de regressão linear múltipla, no qual contempla uma base de dados com 18 empresas do setor, listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a crise impactou a gestão da estrutura de capital das empresas do setor, tendo que no momento de crise todos os regressores foram significativos, no qual apenas o lucro operacional e o tamanho, foram estatisticamente significativos. Já no período pós-crise, apenas a rentabilidade e o risco foram estatisticamente significantes com coeficientes no mesmo sentido da relação prevista.
3D modelling and data exploration of the Purcell-Sullivan SEDEX mineral system, southeastern British Columbia
Authors: de Kemp E A , Schetselaar E M , Hillier M
J , Lydon J W , Montsion R , Joseph J
Published: June 2016

Regional scale 3D modelling is important in enhancing our geological understanding of the subsurface to explore for mineral deposits at greater depths. The challenge is to upscale information available in densely drilled mine sites to regional 3D models in
sparsely drilled environments. We present innovative methods used for regional-scale 3D geological modelling of the world class Pb-Zn SEDEX system in the Purcell Anticlinorium in B.C., developed through the Geological Survey of Canada's Targeted Geoscience (TGI4) program. We demonstrate how
integration of geological map, drill hole and geophysical data is levered in a 3D environment to support interpretation of the entire ore system, thereby increasing the potential for deep discovery.
Chinkeh Formation, northeastern British Columbia: detrital zircon geochronology sample descriptions,
methodology and data tables
Authors: Matthews W , McMechan M , Ferri F , Guest B
Published: June 2016

Sandstone, shale and conglomerate of the Chinkeh Formation occur at the base of the Cretaceous section in the Liard Basin of northeastern British Columbia, southeastern Yukon and southwestern Northwest Territories. The age of this unit and the degree of western
provenance has been a source of debate. This report provides sample information, detrital zircon methodology and the complete filtered data tables for the suite of samples from the Chinkeh Formation. These data document an Albian to latest Aptian age for the formation and a dominant recycled
Ellesmerian provenance.
A Novel Approach to Predict Core Residues on Cancer-Related DNA-Binding Domains
Authors: Wong Ka-Chun
Published: June 2016

Protein–DNA interactions are involved in different cancer pathways. In particular, the DNA-binding domains of proteins can determine where and how gene regulatory regions are bound in different cell lines at different stages. Therefore, it is essential to develop a method to predict and locate the core residues on cancer-related DNA-binding domains. In this study, we propose a computational method to predict and locate core residues on DNA-binding domains. In particular, we have selected the cancer-related DNA-binding domains for in-depth studies, namely, winged Helix Turn Helix family, homeodomain family, and basic Helix-Loop-Helix family. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can predict the core residues involved in protein–DNA interactions, as verified by the existing structural data. Given its good performance, various aspects of the method are discussed and explored: for instance, different uses of prediction algorithm, different protein domains, and hotspot threshold setting.
Body Composition, Fitness Status, and Health Behaviors upon Entering College: An Examination of Female College Students from Diverse Populations
Authors: Price Amanda A. , Whitt-Glover Melicia C. , Kraus Caroline L. , McKenzie Michael J.
Published: June 2016

Although poor health-related behaviors that impact development of chronic diseases begin much earlier than when actual disease is evident, few studies have examined health behaviors in college students, who may be at an important transitional period where early intervention could prevent development of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine health-related factors in female college students ( N = 61) by race/ethnicity and weight status. We found significant differences in health profiles between non-Hispanic White (White) and African American students, including greater physical fitness and healthier diets among White students. Overweight/obese students had worse health profiles than healthy BMI students. Furthermore, weight status was significantly associated with cardiovascular fitness. This supports a focus on PA promotion for interventions in the period of emerging adulthood, alongside the other healthy behaviors, to elicit improvements in weight status and potential reduction of chronic disease risks.
Management of built heritage via HBIM Project: A case of study of flooring and tiling
Authors: Nieto Juan Enrique , Moyano Juan José , Rico Delgado Fernando , Antón García Daniel
Published: June 2016

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a collaborative system that has been fully developed in the design and management of industries involved in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sectors. There are, however, very few studies aimed at managing information models in the field of architectural and cultural heritage interventions. This research therefore proposes an innovative methodology of analysis and treatment of the information based on a representative 3D graphic model of the flooring and wall tiling of a historic building. The objective is to set up a model of graphic information which guarantees the interoperability of the aforementioned information amongst the diverse disciplines intervening in the conservation and restoration process. The Pavillion of Charles V, a Renaissancecharacterised building located in outdoor areas of the Alcazar of Seville, Spain, was selected for the study. This work constitutes a project of intervention based on Heritage or Historic Building Information Modelling, called the “HBIM Project”.
Rescate documental de petroglifos y reconstrucción 3D del corredor dolménico de Cubillejo de Lara, Burgos.
Authors: Ledo Fernández Fabián
Published: June 2016

This article focuses on the study of the ceiling of the corridor of the Dolmen of Cubillejo de Lara, Burgos, Spain. The process of computerisation has contributed to a better comprehension of what may or may not have been possible for its original architecture. During the study, previously lost information regarding petroglyphs within the corridor was recovered, which has been very important in understanding the structural solution of this structure in the past. This has been the fruit of interdisciplinary work, where the diagnosis of the state of the stone has played a fundamental role, assisted by techniques such as orthophotogrammetry, three-dimensional (3D) modelling and geographic information system (GIS), to recognise how the process of degradation has shaped the current condition of the corridor as part of the construction, in such a way as to be capable to reconstruct its possible original form through its current state. The result has been contrasted with other concurrent dolmens existent in the area, which has confirmed the validity of virtual reconstructions to confront hypotheses sustained for decades without further evidence to back them.
Reconstrucción digital 3D del patrimonio histórico de Agustín de Betancourt: la máquina para cortar hierba en canales navegables
Authors: Rojas-Sola José Ignacio , Porras-Galán José , García-Ruesgas Laura
Published: June 2016

Agustín de Betancourt y Molina was one of the most distinguished engineers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries with numerous contributions to various fields of engineering, including civil engineering. This research shows the process followed in the documentation of the cultural heritage of that Canary engineer, especially in the geometric documentation of a machine for cutting grass in waterways presented in England in 1795 after three years researching on theory of machines. The baseline information has been recovered from the Canary Orotava Foundation of History of Science who has spent years collecting information about the Project Betancourt, in particular, planimetric information as well as a small report on its operation and description of parts of machine. From this information, we have constructed a three dimensional (3D) model using CAD techniques with the use of Solid Edge ST7 parametric software, which has enabled the team to create the 3D model as well as different detail plans and exploded views.
Dimethyl sulfide in the summertime Arctic atmosphere: measurements and source sensitivity simulations
Authors: Mungall Emma L. , Croft Betty , Lizotte Martine , Thomas Jennie L. , Murphy Jennifer G. , Levasseur Maurice , Martin Randall V. , Wentzell Jeremy J. B. , Liggio John , Abbatt Jonathan P. D.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) plays a major role in the global sulfur cycle. In addition, its atmospheric oxidation products contribute to the formation and growth of atmospheric aerosol particles, thereby influencing cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) populations and thus cloud formation. The pristine summertime Arctic atmosphere is strongly influenced by DMS. However, atmospheric DMS mixing ratios have only rarely been measured in the summertime Arctic. During July–August, 2014, we conducted the first high time resolution (10 Hz) DMS mixing ratio measurements for the eastern Canadian Archipelago and Baffin Bay as one component of the Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments (NETCARE). DMS mixing ratios ranged from below the detection limit of 4 to 1155 pptv (median 186 pptv) during the 21-day shipboard campaign. A transfer velocity parameterization from the literature coupled with coincident atmospheric and seawater DMS measurements yielded air–sea DMS flux estimates ranging from 0.02 to 12 µmol m−2 d−1. Air-mass trajectory analysis using FLEXPART-WRF and sensitivity simulations with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model indicated that local sources (Lancaster Sound and Baffin Bay) were the dominant contributors to the DMS measured along the 21-day ship track, with episodic transport from the Hudson Bay System. After adjusting GEOS-Chem oceanic DMS values in the region to match measurements, GEOS-Chem reproduced the major features of the measured time series but was biased low overall (2–1006 pptv, median 72 pptv), although within the range of uncertainty of the seawater DMS source. However, during some 1–2 day periods the model underpredicted the measurements by more than an order of magnitude. Sensitivity tests indicated that non-marine sources (lakes, biomass burning, melt ponds, and coastal tundra) could make additional episodic contributions to atmospheric DMS in the study region, although local marine sources of DMS dominated. Our results highlight the need for both atmospheric and seawater DMS data sets with greater spatial and temporal resolution, combined with further investigation of non-marine DMS sources for the Arctic.
Ground-based MAX-DOAS observations of tropospheric aerosols, NO2, SO2 and HCHO in Wuxi, China, from 2011 to 2014
Authors: Wang Y. , Lampel J. , Xie P. , Beirle S. , Li A. , Wu D. , Wagner T.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. We characterize the temporal variation and spatial distribution of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), formaldehyde (HCHO) and aerosol extinctions using vertical profiles derived from long-term Multi Axis – Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations from May 2011 to November 2014 in Wuxi, China. A new inversion algorithm (PriAM) is implemented to retrieve profiles of the trace gases (TGs) and aerosol extinction (AE) from the UV spectra of scattered sunlight recorded by the MAX-DOAS instrument. We investigated two important aspects of the retrieval process. We found that the systematic seasonal variation of temperature and pressure (which is regularly observed in Wuxi) can lead to a systematic bias of the retrieved aerosol profiles (e.g. up 20 % for the AOD) if it is not explicitly considered. In this study we take this effect for the first time into account. We also investigated in detail the reason for the differences of tropospheric VCDs derived from either the geometric approximation or by the integration of the retrieved profiles, which were reported by earlier studies. We found that these differences are almost entirely caused by the limitations of the geometric approximation (especially for high aerosol loads). The results retrieved from the MAX-DOAS observations are compared with independent techniques not only under cloud free sky conditions, but also under various cloud scenarios. Under most cloudy conditions (except fog and optically thick clouds), the trace gas results still show good agreement. In contrast, from the aerosol results only near-surface AEs could be still well retrieved under cloudy situations. After a quality controlling procedure, the MAX-DOAS data are used to characterize the seasonal, diurnal, and weekly variations of NO2, SO2, HCHO and aerosols. A regular seasonality of the three trace gases is found, but not for aerosols. Similar diurnal variations are found for SO2, HCHO and aerosols in different seasons, but not for NO2. Similar annual variations of the profiles are found in different years, especially for the trace gases. Considerable amplitudes of weekly cycles occur for NO2 and SO2, but not for HCHO and aerosols. Good correlations between the TGs and aerosols are found, especially for HCHO in winter. Significant wind direction dependencies of the trace gases, especially for the near-surface concentrations, are found, but only a weak dependence is found for aerosol properties, especially the AOD. Our findings imply that the local emissions from the industrial area (including traffic emissions) dominate the amount of local pollutants while long distance transport might also considerably contribute to the local aerosol levels.
Stable carbon isotope ratios of ambient volatile organic compounds
Authors: Kornilova Anna , Huang Lin , Saccon Marina , Rudolph Jochen
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Measurements of mixing ratios and stable carbon isotope ratios of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the atmosphere were made in Toronto (Canada) in 2009 and 2010. Consistent with the kinetic isotope effect for reactions of aromatic VOC with the OH-radical the observed stable carbon isotope ratios are on average significantly heavier than the isotope ratios of their emissions. The change of carbon isotope ratio between emission and observation is used to determine the extent of photochemical processing (photochemical age, ∫[OH]dt) of the different VOC. It is found that ∫[OH]dt of different VOC depends strongly on the VOC reactivity. This demonstrates that for this set of observations the assumption of a uniform ∫[OH]dt for VOC with different reactivity is not justified and that the observed values for ∫[OH]dt are the result of mixing of VOC from air masses with different values for ∫[OH]dt. Based on comparison between carbon isotope ratios and VOC concentration ratios it is also found that varying influence of sources with different VOC emission ratios has a larger impact on VOC concentration ratios than photochemical processing. It is concluded that for this data set the use of VOC concentration ratios to determine ∫[OH]dt would result in values for ∫[OH]dt inconsistent with carbon isotope ratios and that the concept of a uniform ∫[OH]dt for an air mass has to be replaced by the concept of individual values of an average ∫[OH]dt for VOC with different reactivity.
Heterotrophic bacterial production and metabolic balance during the VAHINE mesocosm experiment in the New Caledonia lagoon
Authors: Van Wambeke France , Pfreundt Ulrike , Barani Aude , Berthelot Hugo , Moutin Thierry , Rodier Martine , Hess Wolfgang R. , Bonnet Sophie
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Studies investigating the fate of diazotrophs through the microbial food web are lacking, although N2 fixation can fuel up to 50 % of new production in some oligotrophic oceans. In particular, the role played by heterotrophic prokaryotes in this transfer is largely unknown. In the frame of the VAHINE (VAriability of vertical and tropHIc transfer of diazotroph derived N in the south wEst Pacific) experiment, three replicate large-volume (∼ 50 m3) mesocosms were deployed for 23 days in the new Caledonia lagoon and were intentionally fertilized on day 4 with dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) to stimulate N2 fixation. We specifically examined relationships between heterotrophic bacterial production (BP) and N2 fixation or primary production, determined bacterial growth efficiency and established carbon budgets. BP was statistically higher during the second phase of the experiment (P2: days 15–23), when chlorophyll biomass started to increase compared to the first phase (P1: days 5–14). Phosphatase alkaline activity increased drastically during the second phase of the experiment, showing adaptations of microbial populations after utilization of the added DIP. Notably, among autotrophs, Synechococcus abundances increased during P2, possibly related to its capacity to assimilate leucine and to produce alkaline phosphatase. Bacterial growth efficiency based on the carbon budget (27–43 %), was notably higher than generally cited for oligotrophic environments and discussed in links with the presence of abundant species of bacteria expressing proteorhodopsin. The main fates of gross primary production (particulate + dissolved) were respiration (67 %) and export through sedimentation (17 %). BP was highly correlated with particulate primary production and chlorophyll biomass during both phases of the experiment but was slightly correlated, and only during P2 phase, with N2 fixation rates. Heterotrophic bacterial production was strongly stimulated after mineral N enrichment experiments, suggesting N-limitation of heterotrophic bacteria across the experiment. N2 fixation rates corresponded to 17–37 % of the nitrogen demand of heterotrophic bacteria. Our results suggest that most of the diazotroph-derived nitrogen fuelled the heterotrophic bacterial community through indirect processes generating dissolved organic matter and detritus, like mortality, lysis and grazing of both diazotrophs and non-diazotrophs.
Enhanced representation of soil NO emissions in the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model
Authors: Rasool Quazi Z. , Zhang Rui , Lash Benjamin , Cohan Daniel S. , Cooter Ellen , Bash Jesse , Lamsal Lok N.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Modeling of soil nitric oxide (NO) emissions is highly uncertain and may misrepresent its spatial and temporal distribution. This study builds upon a recently introduced parameterization to improve the timing and spatial distribution of soil NO emission estimates in the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. The parameterization considers soil parameters, meteorology, land use, and mineral nitrogen (N) availability to estimate NO emissions. We incorporate daily year-specific fertilizer data from the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) agricultural model to replace the annual generic data of the initial parameterization, and use a 12 km resolution soil biome map over the continental US. CMAQ modeling for July 2011 shows slight differences in model performance in simulating fine particulate matter and ozone from IMPROVE and CASTNET sites and NO2 columns from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite retrievals. We also simulate how the change in soil NO emissions scheme affects the expected O3 response to projected emissions reductions.
HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR DSM EXTRACTION FROM ZY-3 TRI-STEREO IMAGERY
Authors: Lu Shuning , Huang Shicun , Pan Zhiqiang , Deng Huawu , Stanley David , Xin Yubin
Published: June 2016

Abstract. ZY-3 has been acquiring high quality imagery since its launch in 2012 and its tri-stereo (three-view or three-line-array) imagery has become one of the top choices for extracting DSM (Digital Surface Model) products in China over the past few years. The ZY-3 tri-stereo sensors offer users the ability to capture imagery over large regions including an entire territory of a country, such as China, resulting in a large volume of ZY-3 tri-stereo scenes which require timely (e.g., near real time) processing, something that is not currently possible using traditional photogrammetry workstations. This paper presents a high performance computing solution which can efficiently and automatically extract DSM products from ZY-3 tri-stereo imagery. The high performance computing solution leverages certain parallel computing technologies to accelerate computation within an individual scene and then deploys a distributed computing technology to increase the overall data throughput in a robust and efficient manner. By taking advantage of the inherent efficiencies within the high performance computing environment, the DSM extraction process can exploit all combinations offered from a set of tri-stereo images (forward-backword, forward-nadir and backword-nadir). The DSM results merged from all of the potential combinations can minimize blunders (e.g., incorrect matches) and also offer the ability to remove potential occlusions which may exist in a single stereo pair, resulting in improved accuracy and quality versus those that are not merged. Accelerated performance is inherent within each of the individual steps of the DSM extraction workflow, including the collection of ground control points and tie points, image bundle adjustment, the creation of epipolar images, and computing elevations. Preliminary experiments over a large area in China have proven that the high performance computing system can generate high quality and accurate DSM products in a rapid manner.
A METHOD FOR THE POSITIONING AND ORIENTATION OF RAIL-BOUND VEHICLES IN GNSS-FREE ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Hung R. , King B. A. , Chen W.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Mobile Mapping System (MMS) are increasingly applied for spatial data collection to support different fields because of their efficiencies and the levels of detail they can provide. The Position and Orientation System (POS), which is conventionally employed for locating and orienting MMS, allows direct georeferencing of spatial data in real-time. Since the performance of a POS depends on both the Inertial Navigation System (INS) and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), poor GNSS conditions, such as in long tunnels and underground, introduce the necessity for post-processing. In above-ground railways, mobile mapping technology is employed with high performance sensors for finite usage, which has considerable potential for enhancing railway safety and management in real-time. In contrast, underground railways present a challenge for a conventional POS thus alternative configurations are necessary to maintain data accuracy and alleviate the need for post-processing. This paper introduces a method of rail-bound navigation to replace the role of GNSS for railway applications. The proposed method integrates INS and track alignment data for environment-independent navigation and reduces the demand of post-processing. The principle of rail-bound navigation is presented and its performance is verified by an experiment using a consumer-grade Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a small-scale railway model. The method produced a substantial improvement in position and orientation for a poorly initialised system in centimetre positional accuracy. The potential improvements indicated by, and limitations of rail-bound navigation are also considered for further development in existing railway systems.
ENHANCED RGB-D MAPPING METHOD FOR DETAILED 3D MODELING OF LARGE INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Tang Shengjun , Zhu Qing , Chen Wu , Darwish Walid , Wu Bo , Hu Han , Chen Min
Published: June 2016

Abstract. RGB-D sensors are novel sensing systems that capture RGB images along with pixel-wise depth information. Although they are widely used in various applications, RGB-D sensors have significant drawbacks with respect to 3D dense mapping of indoor environments. First, they only allow a measurement range with a limited distance (e.g., within 3 m) and a limited field of view. Second, the error of the depth measurement increases with increasing distance to the sensor. In this paper, we propose an enhanced RGB-D mapping method for detailed 3D modeling of large indoor environments by combining RGB image-based modeling and depth-based modeling. The scale ambiguity problem during the pose estimation with RGB image sequences can be resolved by integrating the information from the depth and visual information provided by the proposed system. A robust rigid-transformation recovery method is developed to register the RGB image-based and depth-based 3D models together. The proposed method is examined with two datasets collected in indoor environments for which the experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed method
MATCHING AERIAL IMAGES TO 3D BUILDING MODELS BASED ON CONTEXT-BASED GEOMETRIC HASHING
Authors: Jung J. , Bang K. , Sohn G. , Armenakis C.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In this paper, a new model-to-image framework to automatically align a single airborne image with existing 3D building models using geometric hashing is proposed. As a prerequisite process for various applications such as data fusion, object tracking, change detection and texture mapping, the proposed registration method is used for determining accurate exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) of a single image. This model-to-image matching process consists of three steps: 1) feature extraction, 2) similarity measure and matching, and 3) adjustment of EOPs of a single image. For feature extraction, we proposed two types of matching cues, edged corner points representing the saliency of building corner points with associated edges and contextual relations among the edged corner points within an individual roof. These matching features are extracted from both 3D building and a single airborne image. A set of matched corners are found with given proximity measure through geometric hashing and optimal matches are then finally determined by maximizing the matching cost encoding contextual similarity between matching candidates. Final matched corners are used for adjusting EOPs of the single airborne image by the least square method based on co-linearity equations. The result shows that acceptable accuracy of single image's EOP can be achievable by the proposed registration approach as an alternative to labour-intensive manual registration process.
APPROACH FOR IMPROVING THE INTEGRATED SENSOR ORIENTATION
Authors: Mitishita E. , Ercolin Filho L. , Graça N. , Centeno J.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The direct determination of exterior orientation parameters (EOP) of aerial images via integration of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and GPS is often used in photogrammetric mapping nowadays. The accuracies of the EOP depend on the accurate parameters related to sensors mounting when the job is performed (offsets of the IMU relative to the projection centre and the angles of boresigth misalignment between the IMU and the photogrammetric coordinate system). In principle, when the EOP values do not achieve the required accuracies for the photogrammetric application, the approach, known as Integrated Sensor Orientation (ISO), is used to refine the direct EOP. ISO approach requires accurate Interior Orientation Parameters (IOP) and standard deviation of the EOP under flight condition. This paper investigates the feasibility of use the in situ camera calibration to obtain these requirements. The camera calibration uses a small sub block of images, extracted from the entire block. A digital Vexcel UltraCam XP camera connected to APPLANIX POS AVTM system was used to get two small blocks of images that were use in this study. The blocks have different flight heights and opposite flight directions. The proposed methodology improved significantly the vertical and horizontal accuracies of the 3D point intersection. Using a minimum set of control points, the horizontal and vertical accuracies achieved nearly one image pixel of resolution on the ground (GSD). The experimental results are shown and discussed.
HOPC: A NOVEL SIMILARITY METRIC BASED ON GEOMETRIC STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES FOR MULTI-MODAL REMOTE SENSING IMAGE MATCHING
Authors: Ye Yuanxin , Shen Li
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Automatic matching of multi-modal remote sensing images (e.g., optical, LiDAR, SAR and maps) remains a challenging task in remote sensing image analysis due to significant non-linear radiometric differences between these images. This paper addresses this problem and proposes a novel similarity metric for multi-modal matching using geometric structural properties of images. We first extend the phase congruency model with illumination and contrast invariance, and then use the extended model to build a dense descriptor called the Histogram of Orientated Phase Congruency (HOPC) that captures geometric structure or shape features of images. Finally, HOPC is integrated as the similarity metric to detect tie-points between images by designing a fast template matching scheme. This novel metric aims to represent geometric structural similarities between multi-modal remote sensing datasets and is robust against significant non-linear radiometric changes. HOPC has been evaluated with a variety of multi-modal images including optical, LiDAR, SAR and map data. Experimental results show its superiority to the recent state-of-the-art similarity metrics (e.g., NCC, MI, etc.), and demonstrate its improved matching performance.
GAZE AND FEET AS ADDITIONAL INPUT MODALITIES FOR INTERACTING WITH GEOSPATIAL INTERFACES
Authors: Çöltekin A. , Hempel J. , Brychtova A. , Giannopoulos I. , Stellmach S. , Dachselt R.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are complex software environments and we often work with multiple tasks and multiple displays when we work with GIS. However, user input is still limited to mouse and keyboard in most workplace settings. In this project, we demonstrate how the use of gaze and feet as additional input modalities can overcome time-consuming and annoying mode switches between frequently performed tasks. In an iterative design process, we developed gaze- and foot-based methods for zooming and panning of map visualizations. We first collected appropriate gestures in a preliminary user study with a small group of experts, and designed two interaction concepts based on their input. After the implementation, we evaluated the two concepts comparatively in another user study to identify strengths and shortcomings in both. We found that continuous foot input combined with implicit gaze input is promising for supportive tasks.
AN OPEN SCIENCE APPROACH TO GIS-BASED PALEOENVIRONMENT DATA
Authors: Willmes C. , Becker D. , Verheul J. , Yener Y. , Zickel M. , Bolten A. , Bubenzer O. , Bareth G.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Paleoenvironmental studies and according information (data) are abundantly published and available in the scientific record. However, GIS-based paleoenvironmental information and datasets are comparably rare. Here, we present an Open Science approach for creating GIS-based data and maps of paleoenvironments, and Open Access publishing them in a web based Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), for access by the archaeology and paleoenvironment communities. We introduce an approach to gather and create GIS datasets from published non-GIS based facts and information (data), such as analogous maps, textual information or figures in scientific publications. These collected and created geo-datasets and maps are then published, including a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) to facilitate scholarly reuse and citation of the data, in a web based Open Access Research Data Management Infrastructure. The geo-datasets are additionally published in an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards compliant SDI, and available for GIS integration via OGC Open Web Services (OWS).