bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Treatment Options in Patients with Maturity-Onset Diabetes of
the Young
Authors: Müssig Karsten
Published: October 2024

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common monogenetic form
of diabetes with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. MODY is caused by
mutations in genes important for the development and function of pancreatic beta
cells, resulting in impaired insulin secretion capacity. To date, 14 different
types have been described. While glucokinase (GCK)-MODY (formerly MODY-2)
generally requires no drug therapy, other forms of MODY, such as hepatocyte
nuclear factor-1-alpha (HNF1A)-MODY (formerly MODY-3) and HNF4A (formerly
MODY-1), usually respond very well to sulfonylurea therapy. However, these MODY
forms are characterised by a progressive course, meaning that insulin therapy is
often required as the disease progresses. Both sulfonylurea therapy and insulin
therapy are associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia and frequent
weight gain. Newer blood glucose-lowering therapies, such as SGLT2 inhibitors
(SGLT2i), DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), have a
much lower risk of hypoglycaemia and usually have a favourable effect on body
weight. This review aims to provide an overview of the treatment of MODY
patients with SGLT2i, DPP4i and GLP-1RA on the basis of previously published
clinical studies, case series and case reports.
Poly(A)-Specific Ribonuclease Deficiency Leads to Deregulated Expression of Genes Involved in Sex Determination and Gonadal Maturation in Zebrafish
Authors: Felicitus Sujitha , Nanjappa Dechamma Pandyanda , Kalladka Krithika , Mohan Masmarika , Chakraborty Gunimala , Chakraborty Anirban
Published: October 2024

Background Deadenylation, the process of removal of poly (A) tail of messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs), is a rate-limiting step in mRNA stability, and poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) is the most important exonuclease involved in this process. Besides mRNA stability, PARN is also involved in several other processes including telomere maintenance, noncoding RNA maturation, ribosome biogenesis, and TP53 function. Previously, we have shown that zebrafish PARN null mutants are viable and fertile but turn out to only develop into males, indicating a role in oogenesis. The present study was focused on analyzing the expression of genes involved in sex determination and gonadal development in PARN mutant zebrafish.

Materials and Methods Total RNA was extracted and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression level of genes involved in gonad development in PARN mutant embryos (4 days postfertilization [dpf]) and adults (120 dpf) in comparison to their wild-type siblings. The expression levels were estimated by the ΔΔCT relative quantification method.

Results At 4 dpf, the expression of germ cell-specific genes did not show any significant difference in the null mutants compared to the heterozygous and their wild-type siblings, suggesting no effect on germ cell differentiation due to the loss of PARN. However, the majority of the ovary-associated genes analyzed showed an increased expression in PARN null and heterozygous mutants compared to the wild-type siblings. Intriguingly, the expression of testis-associated genes showed decreased expression in the mutants compared to their wild-type siblings at 4 dpf. In adult stages, as expected, the expression of genes that jointly regulate the proper formation and function of ovaries and testes showed decreased expression in PARN null mutants. Interestingly, the expression of genes involved in the differentiation of testes, despite showing a decreased expression in the mutants, was comparable between the null and heterozygous mutants.

Conclusion Taken together, these results suggest that the loss of PARN does not affect germ cell differentiation but affects the sexual differentiation that happens at later stages of development, particularly the process of oogenesis, in zebrafish.
Craniotomy versus Decompressive Craniectomy in Acute Subdural Hematoma Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Al-Salihi Mohammed Maan , Al-Jebur Maryam Sabah , Al-Salihi Yezan , Dumour Elias , Saleh Ahmed , Daie Mhran , Hammadi Firas , Ayyad Ali
Published: October 2024

Background This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of decompressive craniectomy (DC) and craniotomy in treating acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) to provide a more precise assessment of the procedures' outcomes.

Methods We searched for relevant articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane till August 2023, including cohort studies and randomized controlled trials comparing craniotomy and DC for ASDH. The analysis was conducted using “Review Manager” software, using the risk ratio along with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for categorical data, whereas continuous data were analyzed using the mean difference (MD) and 95% CI.

Results Our analysis included 13 studies with a total of 4,689 patients, of whom 1,910 (40.7%) underwent DC and 2,779 (59.3%) underwent craniotomy. The results revealed a statistically significant difference in favor of craniotomy concerning good recovery in delayed GOS (risk ratio [RR] = 1.42; 95% CI [1.12, 1.81]), postoperative mortality (RR = 0.81; 95% CI [0.71, 0.94]), mortality at last follow-up (RR = 0.75; 95% CI [0.62, 0.91]), and hospital stay (MD = –3.71; 95%CI [–5.82, –1.60]). A nonsignificant difference (RR = 1.06; 95% CI [0.52, 2.17]; p = 0.87) was found between the two interventions concerning seizures.

Conclusion Despite craniotomy's favorable clinical outcomes and mortality rates, the significant baseline differences between DC and craniotomy make these data inconclusive. To establish solid evidence regarding the use of DC versus craniotomy in ASDH, it is necessary to conduct well-controlled randomized studies with large sample sizes.
The Wong-Zakai approximations of invariant manifolds for retarded partial differential equations with multiplicative white noise
Authors: Zhao Junyilang , Zhou Chunyu
Published: October 2024

We focus on the dynamics and Wong-Zakai approximation for a class of retarded partial differential equations subjected to multiplicative white noise. We show that when restricted to a local region and under certain conditions, there exists a unique global solution for the truncated system driven by either the white noise or the approximation noise. Such solution generates a random dynamical system, and the solutions of Wong-Zakai approximations are convergent to solutions of the stochastic retarded differential equation. We also show that there exist invariant manifolds for the truncated system driven by either the white noise or the approximation noise, which are then the local manifolds for the untruncated systems, and prove that such invariant manifolds of the Wong-Zakai approximations converge to those of the stochastic retarded differential equation.
Stochastic Burgers type equations with two reflecting walls: Existence, uniqueness and exponential ergodicity
Authors: Chen Dengdi , Zheng Yan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study stochastic Burgers type equations with two reflecting walls driven by multiplicative noise. We first establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution by Picard iteration technique, the main trouble is to handle the complicated nonlinear term ∂g(u(x,t))∂x which involves the derivative of the solution u(x, t) and the singularities due to reflection. Furthermore, we prove the exponential ergodicity for the equations driven by possibly degenerate, multiplicative noise through asymptotic coupling. More generally, we also give a simplified criterion for exponential ergodicity of parabolic stochastic partial differential equations with reflections driven by degenerate multiplicative noise.
Deep learning based x-ray spectrometer for high repetition rate characterization of betatron radiation
Authors: Beier N. F. , Senthilkumaran V. , Kriz E. , Fourmaux S. , Légaré F. , Ma T. , Hussein A. E.
Published: October 2024

Betatron radiation produced from a laser-wakefield accelerator is a broadband, hard x-ray (>1 keV) source that has been used in a variety of applications in medicine, engineering, and fundamental science. Further development and optimization of stable, high repetition rate (HRR) (>1 Hz) betatron sources will provide a means to extend their application base to include single-shot dynamical measurements of ultrafast processes or dense materials. Recent advances in laser technology used in such experiments have enabled increases in shot-rate and system stability, providing improved statistical analysis and detailed parameter scans. However, unique challenges exist at high repetition rate, where data throughput and source optimization are now limited by diagnostic acquisition rates and analysis. Here, we present the development of a machine-learning algorithm for the real-time analysis of betatron radiation. We report on the fielding of this deep learning algorithm for online source characterization at the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique's Advanced Laser Light Source. By fine-tuning an algorithm originally trained on a fully synthetic dataset using a subset of experimental data, the algorithm can predict the betatron critical energy with a percent error of 7.2 % with a reconstruction time of 1.5 ms, providing a valuable tool for real-time, multi-objective optimization at HRR.
Horizontal and vertical dispersion in a wind-driven oceanic gyre model
Authors: Barrientos Valencia J. R. , Zavala Sansón L. , Beron-Vera F. J.
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the horizontal and vertical dispersion of passive tracers in idealized wind-driven subtropical gyres. Synthetic particles within a closed basin are numerically advected to analyze their dispersion under different theoretical velocity fields. Horizontal dispersion simulations incorporate the classic wind-driven Stommel circulation along with (i) surface Ekman drift associated with the Stommel wind field and (ii) inertial effects due to particle size and buoyancy. Results reveal that the Ekman drift inhibits particle dispersion across the entire domain leading to tracer concentration in a quasi-stable distribution skewed toward the western side of the basin. Similar behavior is observed with inertial particles. The equilibrium state is quantified for different diffusivity values, particle sizes, and buoyancies. For vertical dispersion, simulations incorporate the three-dimensional Ekman velocity, which includes a negative vertical component, while ignoring inertial effects. Initially, surface particles accumulate around the gyre center while slowly sinking, but they disperse across the basin once they surpass the Ekman layer and are free from surface effects. Tracers sink more on the western side of the basin, regardless of horizontal diffusivity. On average, ignoring inertial effects, particles sink less with higher diffusivity and more with lower diffusivity, suggesting a potential for high horizontal distribution of sunken tracers in the ocean.
Structure design and mechanism research of combined cyclone plate separator based on particle separation
Authors: Cai Weiyan , Jin Afang , Liu Mingdong
Published: October 2024

Although there has been much research on the gas–solid separation equipment of cyclone plate, there is still a lot of research space for miniaturization, low resistance, and easy maintenance. In this paper, parallel gas–solid separation equipment is designed based on computational fluid dynamics and experimental verification methods to address the practical problems faced by the fresh air system of the enterprise plant. The internal flow field of the separator is studied by numerical simulation, and the structural parameters of the separator are optimized according to the performance indicators provided by the enterprise. The optimal structure that meets the performance requirements and has the best effect is determined. Subsequently, the actual performance of the optimal structure was verified by wind tunnel experiments, and the deviation between the experimental results and the numerical simulation results was compared. The results show that increasing the number of blades, adjusting the blade angle, and increasing the height of the outer cylinder are beneficial in improving the internal flow field of the separator. Among them, the blade angle significantly affects the tangential velocity and axial velocity of the separator. When these three parameters are increased, the filtration efficiency increases first and then decreases. Finally, when the number of blades is 8, the blade angle is 50°, and the height of the outer cylinder is 0.63 m, the separation efficiency is the highest, and the pressure drop is the lowest. This structure satisfies all performance indicators. The experimental results show that the minimum filtration efficiency is 92.4%, and the maximum pressure drop does not exceed 500 Pa. Compared with the numerical simulation results, the experimental value is 0.29% lower, which shows that the structure has good separation performance and has a significant reference value for the fresh air system of the industrial workshop.
Bridging electronic and classical density-functional theory using universal machine-learned functional approximations
Authors: Kelley Michelle M. , Quinton Joshua , Fazel Kamron , Karimitari Nima , Sutton Christopher , Sundararaman Ravishankar
Published: October 2024

The accuracy of density-functional theory (DFT) calculations is ultimately determined by the quality of the underlying approximate functionals, namely the exchange-correlation functional in electronic DFT and the excess functional in the classical DFT formalism of fluids. For both electrons and fluids, the exact functional is highly nonlocal, yet most calculations employ approximate functionals that are semi-local or nonlocal in a limited weighted-density form. Machine-learned (ML) nonlocal density-functional approximations show promise in advancing applications of both electronic and classical DFTs, but so far these two distinct research areas have implemented disparate approaches with limited generality. Here, we formulate a universal ML framework and training protocol to learn nonlocal functionals that combine features of equivariant convolutional neural networks and the weighted-density approximation. We prototype this new approach for several 1D and quasi-1D problems and demonstrate that functionals with exactly the same hyperparameters achieve excellent accuracy for a diverse set of systems, including the hard-rod fluid, the inhomogeneous Ising model, the exact exchange energy of electrons, the electron kinetic energy for orbital-free DFT, as well as for liquid water with 1D inhomogeneities. These results lay the foundation for a universal ML approach to approximate exact 3D functionals spanning electronic and classical DFTs.
Jahn–Teller and pseudo-Jahn–Teller effects on the vibronic structure of the photoionized spectrum of cyanopropyne
Authors: Rajak Karunamoy , Tiwari Ashwani K.
Published: October 2024

Nonadiabatic quantum dynamics are carried out to illustrate the photoionized spectrum of the cyanopropyne (CH3–C≡C–C≡N) as reported in recent experimental measurements [Lamarre et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 315, 206 (2015)]. A detailed electronic structure calculation is performed to analyze the topographical details of the first five ionized states, of which three are degenerate states (X̃2E, B̃2E, and C̃2E) and two are non-degenerate states (Ã2A1 and D̃2A1). The degenerate E states of the C3V symmetry molecule are prone to Jahn–Teller (JT) instability, and in addition, symmetry allowed A1 − E vibronic coupling, i.e., pseudo-Jahn–Teller (PJT), effects are expected to have a significant impact in the detailed vibronic structure of these electronic states. The JT splittings of X̃2E and B̃2E degenerate states are small, whereas it is quite large at three high frequencies in the C̃2E electronic states. The large energy separation of X̃2E from the other states and the non-zero PJT coupling of the B̃2E state with the close-lying Ã2A1 state indicate the uncoupled nature of the X̃, Ã, and B̃ vibronic bands of C4H3N. The intersection minima of B̃ and C̃ states with the D̃ state nearly coincide with the energetic minimum of D̃ state. Therefore, the PJT couplings among these states will lead to a strong vibronic interaction to shape the respective band structure. To completely understand the JT and PJT interactions in the photoionized spectrum of C4H3N, the vibronic coupling model Hamiltonian was constructed to perform nuclear dynamics studies for these electronic states. The vibrational progressions in each vibronic band are identified and compared with the available experimental data in the literature. The impacts of JT and PJT effects in the first five ionized states of cyanopropyne are investigated and discussed in detail.
From unbound to bound states: Ab initio molecular dynamics of ammonia clusters with an excess electron
Authors: Turčin Vít , Nemirovich Tatiana , Jungwirth Pavel
Published: October 2024

Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of negatively charged clusters of 2–48 ammonia molecules were performed to elucidate the electronic stability of the excess electron as a function of cluster size. We show that while the electronic stability of finite temperature clusters increases with cluster size, as few as 5–7 ammonia molecules can bind an excess electron, reaching a vertical binding energy slightly less than half of the bulk value for the largest system studied. These results, which are in agreement with previous studies wherever available, allowed us to analyze the excess electron binding patterns in terms of its radius of gyration and shape anisotropy and provide a qualitative interpretation based on a particle-in-a-spherical-well model.
Photon number adaptive single-photon detection with time-walk passive compensation
Authors: Li Xue , Wang Yurong , Li Zhaohui , Pan Haifeng , Chen Xiuliang , Wu Guang
Published: October 2024

In long-distance laser time transfer, such as satellite-to-satellite and satellite-to-ground, the accuracy of flight time measurement for photon pulses is significantly compromised by the time walk phenomenon, stemming from variations of the incident photon numbers. In this paper, we propose a single-photon detection method, which is adaptive to the photon number, and passively compensates for the time walk effect. This method utilizes a fiber ring to divide an incident photon pulse into a series of photon pulse trains, with each pulse in the train separated by equal time intervals and subject to equal attenuation. The last detected photon pulse in the pulse train can always be attenuated to a single-photon level sufficient to render the time walk effect negligible. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively mitigates the time walk effect across a range of average photon numbers, spanning from 1 to 100. It provides high-precision single-photon detection for laser time transfer in complex and variable environments.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the modified multi-scale multi-physics coupled model for solid oxide fuel cells: A comparative analysis
Authors: Wei Yongqi , Ning Zhi , Sun Chunhua , Lv Ming , Liu Yechang , Wang Lintao , Wang Shuaijun
Published: October 2024

A multi-scale multi-physics coupling numerical model serves as an effective tool to study the performance and improve the efficiency of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and provides the theory and data support for optimizing SOFC structure and operational strategy. To improve the accuracy and reliability of the model, this work established a modified simulation model that considers the effect of operational, structural, and physical parameters of SOFCs. First, the electrochemical kinetics equation, multi-component diffusion lattice Boltzmann (LB) model, and heat transfer LB model are modified by incorporating the reaction gas molar fraction, gas mixture concentration, temperature, and other parameters. Second, a regional hierarchical modeling strategy is proposed, and the multi-scale coupling model is modified by coupling mass and heat transfer. Third, considering the effect of carbon monoxide molar fraction, temperature difference, concentration change and porosity on electrochemical, mass, and heat transfer processes, the effectiveness of modification model is analyzed and validated. Results demonstrate that the modified model considerably improves the numerical simulation to handle the complex operational conditions of SOFCs. The modified model's predictions show better accuracy compared with experimental data, while maintaining consistency with the trends predicted by the original numerical models.
Improving the rheological and thermal stability of water-based drilling fluids by incrementing xanthan gum concentration
Authors: Quitian-Ardila Luis H. , Garcia-Blanco Yamid J. , Daza-Barranco Lina M. , Schimicoscki Raquel S. , Andrade Diogo E. V. , Franco Admilson T.
Published: October 2024

Water-based drilling fluids (WBDF) are often used over oil-based drilling fluids due to economic reasons and environmental regulations. Bentonite-free WBDF is preferred to aid in the reduction of formation damage. In many cases, this WBDF is formulated with xanthan gum. The performance of drilling operations is mainly affected by the drilling fluid formulation. The complex interactions among polymer concentration, thermal, and shear histories influence the rheological behavior of drilling fluids. The present study aims to analyze the effects of xanthan gum concentration on the rheological behavior of water-based drilling fluids. The experimental results performed in rotational rheometers revealed a relationship between concentration, yield stress, and thixotropic phenomena. The increase in xanthan gum concentration not only enhances the stability of the drilling fluid, allowing for more prolonged process interruptions without risking the fluid degradation but also improves the thermal stability of the sample. These findings show that the concentration of xanthan gum improves water-based drilling fluids' rheological and thermal stability.
The origin of broadband blue emission in zero-dimensional organic lead iodine perovskites: A first-principles study
Authors: Tan Jieyao , Jiang Xingxing , Liu Dongyu , Moghaddam Ahmad Ostovari , Stolyarov Vasily S. , Xiao Shifang , Vasenko Andrey S.
Published: October 2024

Broadband blue emission in zero-dimensional perovskites has received considerable attention, which is very important for the realization of stable blue-light emitters; however, the underlying formation mechanism remains unclear. Based on first-principles calculations, we have systematically studied the self-trapped excitons (STEs) behavior and luminescence properties in 0D-(DMA)4PbI6 perovskite. Our calculations show that there is a significant difference between the intrinsic STE luminescence mechanism (∼2.51 eV) and experimental observations (∼2.70 eV). In contrast, we found that the iodine vacancy (VI) is energetically accessible and exhibits a shallow charge transition level at ∼2.69 eV (0/+1) above the valence band maximum, which provides the initial local well for the STEs formation. Moreover, the low electronic dimension synergistic Jahn–Teller distortion facilitates the formation of extrinsic excitons self-trapping. Further excited state electronic structure analysis and configuration coordinate diagram calculations confirmed that the broadband blue emission in 0D-(DMA)4PbI6 is the origin of VI-induced extrinsic STEs instead of intrinsic STEs. Therefore, our simulation results rationalize the experimental phenomena and provide important insights into the formation mechanism of STEs in low-dimensional perovskite systems.
Modulating droplet electrohydrodynamics via the interplay of extensional flow and an alternating current electric field
Authors: Santra Somnath , Behera Nalinikanta , Chakraborty Suman
Published: October 2024

Electric fields can be used to exert controlled time-varying forces on a droplet under progressive stretching in an extensional flow, allowing for its precise manipulation in various industrial and scientific applications, including microfluidics, materials science, and biological studies. However, the interaction between the combined extensional flow field and electric field may trigger a complex electrohydrodynamic response, as determined primarily by the capillary and viscous forces and the convection of surface charge. Here, we theoretically and computationally analyze the deformation and breakup of a droplet subjected to an alternating current (AC) electric field and uniaxial extensional flow. Our asymptotic theory, applicable in the small-deformation limit, quantifies the contributions of each applied field to the shape oscillations. Numerical simulations are employed to explore the dynamical evolution of the droplet in the nonlinear regime of variation in the capillary number. Our theoretical and numerical results are in excellent agreement, demonstrating that an AC electric field can significantly alter transient deformation depending on its magnitude and frequency. We identify the threshold frequency, dependent on the ratios of electrical properties, which can induce periodic oblate-prolate shape transitions. The interaction between viscous and electric stresses driving these transients is discussed. Contrary to intuition, strong electric fields greatly suppress shape oscillations, leading instead to large continuous elongations that eventually result in an end-pinching breakup mode, forming elongated bulbous-ended droplets. The breakup state, characterized by droplet length and shape at the onset of breakup, is determined by the field parameters and the physical properties of the fluids. Notably, the breakup state length and total breakup time have a non-monotonic relationship with the applied electric field frequency. The insights gained into the physics of oscillatory stable deformation and non-oscillatory unstable deformation offer new means of droplet manipulation in droplet-based micro-mechano-electrical systems that remained unexplored thus far.
Fluid–structure interaction simulations of wind gusts impacting a hyperbolic paraboloid tensile structure
Authors: De Nayer G. , Breuer M. , Goldbach A.-K.
Published: October 2024

The paper focuses on fluid–structure interactions (FSI) between a turbulent, gusty fluid flow, and a membrane structure. Lightweight structures are particularly vulnerable to wind gusts and can be completely destroyed by them, making it essential to develop and evaluate numerical simulation methods suited for these types of problems. In this study, a thin-walled membrane in the shape of a hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) is analyzed as a real-scale example. The membrane structure is subjected to discrete wind gusts of varying strength from two different directions. A partitioned FSI approach is employed, utilizing a finite-volume flow solver based on the large-eddy simulation technique and a finite-element solver developed for shell and membrane structures. A recently proposed source-term formulation enables the injection of discrete wind gusts within the fluid domain in front of the structure. In a step-by-step analysis, first the fluid flow around the structure, initially assumed to be rigid, is investigated, including a grid sensitivity analysis. This is followed by examining the two-way coupled FSI system, taking the flexibility of the membrane into account. Finally, the study aims to assess the impact of wind gusts on the resulting deformations and the induced stresses in the tensile material, with a particular focus on the influence of different wind directions.
YTHDC2 serves a distinct late role in spermatocytes during germ cell differentiation
Authors: Bailey Alexis S. , Fuller Margaret T.
Published: October 2024

Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by RNA-binding proteins can enhance the speed and robustness of cell state transitions by controlling RNA stability, localization, or if, when, or where mRNAs are translated. The RNA helicase YTHDC2 is required to shut down components of the mitotic program to facilitate a proper switch from mitosis to meiosis in mouse germ cells. Here, we show that YTHDC2 has a second essential role in promoting meiotic progression in late spermatocytes. Inducing conditional knockout of
Ythdc2
during the first wave of spermatogenesis, after initiation of meiotic prophase, allowed
YTHDC2
-deficient germ cells to advance to the pachytene stage and properly express many meiotic markers. However, the
YTHDC2
-deficient spermatocytes mis-expressed a number of genes, some up-regulated and some down-regulated, failed to transition to the diplotene stage, and then quickly died. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that YTHDC2 interacts with several RNA-binding proteins in early or late spermatocytes, with many of the interacting proteins, including MEIOC, localizing to granules, similar to YTHDC2. Our findings suggest that YTHDC2 collaborates with other RNA granule components to facilitate proper progression of germ cells through multiple steps of meiosis via mechanisms influencing posttranscriptional regulation of RNAs.
Poly ADP-ribose signaling is dysregulated in Huntington disease
Authors: Maiuri Tamara , Bazan Carlos Barba , Harding Rachel J. , Begeja Nola , Kam Tae-In , Byrne Lauren M. , Rodrigues Filipe B. , Warner Monica M. , Neuman Kaitlyn , Mansoor Muqtasid , Badiee Mohsen , Dasovich Morgan , Wang Keona , Thompson Leslie M. , Leung Anthony K. L. , Andres Sara N. , Wild Edward J. , Dawson Ted M. , Dawson Valina L. , Arrowsmith Cheryl H. , Truant Ray
Published: October 2024

Huntington disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by cytosine, adenine, guanine (CAG) expansion in the
Huntingtin
(
HTT
) gene, translating to an expanded polyglutamine tract in the HTT protein. Age at disease onset correlates to CAG repeat length but varies by decades between individuals with identical repeat lengths. Genome-wide association studies link HD modification to DNA repair and mitochondrial health pathways. Clinical studies show elevated DNA damage in HD, even at the premanifest stage. A major DNA repair node influencing neurodegenerative disease is the PARP pathway. Accumulation of poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose (PAR) has been implicated in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, as well as cerebellar ataxia. We report that HD mutation carriers have lower cerebrospinal fluid PAR levels than healthy controls, starting at the premanifest stage. Human HD induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and patient-derived fibroblasts have diminished PAR response in the context of elevated DNA damage. We have defined a PAR-binding motif in HTT, detected HTT complexed with PARylated proteins in human cells during stress, and localized HTT to mitotic chromosomes upon inhibition of PAR degradation. Direct HTT PAR binding was measured by fluorescence polarization and visualized by atomic force microscopy at the single molecule level. While wild-type and mutant HTT did not differ in their PAR binding ability, purified wild-type HTT protein increased in vitro PARP1 activity while mutant HTT did not. These results provide insight into an early molecular mechanism of HD, suggesting possible targets for the design of early preventive therapies.
Unexpected anthropogenic emission decreases explain recent atmospheric mercury concentration declines
Authors: Feinberg Aryeh , Selin Noelle E. , Braban Christine F. , Chang Kai-Lan , Custódio Danilo , Jaffe Daniel A. , Kyllönen Katriina , Landis Matthew S. , Leeson Sarah R. , Luke Winston , Molepo Koketso M. , Murovec Marijana , Nerentorp Mastromonaco Michelle G. , Aspmo Pfaffhuber Katrine , Rüdiger Julian , Sheu Guey-Rong , St. Louis Vincent L.
Published: October 2024

Anthropogenic activities emit ~2,000 Mg y
−1
of the toxic pollutant mercury (Hg) into the atmosphere, leading to long-range transport and deposition to remote ecosystems. Global anthropogenic emission inventories report increases in Northern Hemispheric (NH) Hg emissions during the last three decades, in contradiction with the observed decline in atmospheric Hg concentrations at NH measurement stations. Many factors can obscure the link between anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric Hg concentrations, including trends in the reemissions of previously released anthropogenic (“legacy”) Hg, atmospheric sink variability, and spatial heterogeneity of monitoring data. Here, we assess the observed trends in gaseous elemental mercury (Hg
0
) in the NH and apply biogeochemical box modeling and chemical transport modeling to understand the trend drivers. Using linear mixed effects modeling of observational data from 51 stations, we find negative Hg
0
trends in most NH regions, with an overall trend for 2005 to 2020 of −0.011 ± 0.006 ng m
−3
y
−1
(±2 SD). In contrast to existing emission inventories, our modeling analysis suggests that annual NH anthropogenic emissions must have declined by at least 140 Mg between the years 2005 and 2020 to be consistent with observed trends. Faster declines in 95th percentile Hg
0
values than median values in Europe, North America, and East Asian measurement stations corroborate that the likely cause is a decline in nearby anthropogenic emissions rather than background legacy reemissions. Our results are relevant for evaluating the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention on Mercury, demonstrating that existing emission inventories are incompatible with the observed Hg
0
declines.
Structural insights into KSHV-GPCR constitutive activation and CXCL1 chemokine recognition
Authors: Liu Aijun , Liu Yezhou , Llinàs del Torrent Masachs Clàudia , Zhang Weijia , Pardo Leonardo , Ye Richard D.
Published: October 2024

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes a viral G protein-coupled receptor, KSHV-GPCR, that contributes to KSHV immune evasion and pathogenesis of Kaposi’s sarcoma. KSHV-GPCR shares a high similarity with CXC chemokine receptors CXCR2 and can be activated by selected chemokine ligands. Like other herpesvirus-encoded GPCRs, KSHV-GPCR is characterized by its constitutive activity by coupling to various G proteins. We investigated the structural basis of ligand-dependent and constitutive activation of KSHV-GPCR, obtaining high-resolution cryo-EM structures of KSHV-GPCR–Gi complexes with and without the bound CXCL1 chemokine. Analysis of the apo-KSHV-GPCR–Gi structure (2.81 Å) unraveled the involvement of extracellular loop 2 in constitutive activation of the receptor. In comparison, the CXCL1-bound KSHV-GPCR–Gi structure (3.01 Å) showed a two-site binding mode and provided detailed information of CXCL1 binding to a chemokine receptor. The dual activation mechanism employed by KSHV-GPCR represents an evolutionary adaptation for immune evasion and contributes to the pathogenesis of Kaposi’s sarcoma. Together with results from functional assays that confirmed the structural models, these findings may help to develop therapeutic strategies for KSHV infection.
Knowledge distillation-based abnormal power consumption pattern detection for edge environment
Authors: Fan Yuanliang , Wu Han , Li Zewen , Lin Jianli , Li Lingfei , Huang Xinghua , Chen Weiming , Chen Beibei
Published: October 2024

Abnormal power consumption pattern detection can effectively reduce the non-technical loss of electric energy, which is of great significance in maintaining the safe operation of the power grid and protecting the rights and interests of normal users. However, for edge environments with limited communication conditions, uploading electricity consumption data to the cloud for centralized computation is prone to problems such as network congestion and transmission delays. For this reason, this paper proposes a knowledge distillation (KD)-based anomalous power consumption pattern detection model that can be deployed at edge computing terminals. First, the ResNet50 network is selected as the teacher model, and the self-attention mechanism (SAM) is introduced to improve the feature extraction capability of long-term dependency. Then, ResNet18 is used as the student model, and the difference between the output of the student model and the output of the teacher model is minimized by optimizing the distillation loss function. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in practice.
Research and application of distributed photovoltaic precise dispatching and control technology
Authors: Song Xinxin , Wang Shitao , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: October 2024

With the continuous development of the electricity market, the scale of power terminal access continues to expand, and distributed photovoltaic collection and control strategies have become an important research hotspot. The article studies the grid-connected control technology of distributed photovoltaic power plants from grid-connected system architecture, the photovoltaic array operation mode selection, the grid-connected structure between photovoltaic groups, and the series-parallel scheme. It proposes an application method for precise regulation through distributed photovoltaic peak shaving.
Preliminary study of on-board handling of the blue swimming crabs in fisheries fleet
Authors: Wassahua Z , Zarochman  , Sasmita S , Sukoraharjo S S
Published: October 2024

The operation of the Blue Swimming Crab (BSC) fleet is one day trip not far from the coast, that the handling activity of BSC was carried out on land. Target fishing grounds in waters more than 30 meters depth. Preliminary assessment was carried out to determine the type of vessel, cooling system, and handling by steaming at pasteurization temperature, and BSC storage in order to improve the quality of BSC. The components of the BSC fishing facility unit that will be designed can be feasible and suitable for operational more than 3 up to 7-day trips in deeper waters and farther from the coast.
Export demand patterns for blue swimming crab from Indonesia to United States : impact of fishing seasons in FMA 712 (2018 to 2022)
Authors: Setioko W , Saputra SW , Wijayanto D , Sabdaningsih A
Published: October 2024

Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a significant fishery export commodity from Indonesia, especially the fisheries management area (FMA) 712. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between export demand and fishing season in FMA 712 during the last five years (2018–2022) based on export volume, prices, and fishing season information. Fishing season in Indonesia was classified as the west season with high rainfall (November to May) and the east season with low rainfall (June to October). The data were analyzed by correlation and trend analysis. The results showed that the export demand for blue swimming crab fluctuated with the fishing season. Demand for blue swimming crab tends to increase in the west season due to abundant supply from a favorable fishing season, leading to decreased prices due to international market competition. Conversely, demand for blue swimming crabs declines in the east season due to reduced supply from an unfavorable fishing season, resulting in increased prices due to limited availability. To address fluctuations, market diversification, product quality improvement, and sustainable fishery resource management are essential to balance profitable exports and marine preservation. Other variables that may influence export demand, such as global economic and political factors, were not included in this analysis.
Waste estimation and increased production of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans poir sp) in low salinity vannamei shrimp aquaponics cultivation
Authors: Fahrur M , Trijuno D D , Zainuddin  , Syah R
Published: October 2024

Low salinity aquaponics of vannamei shrimp and water spinach is an environmentally friendly cultivation method with the advantage of converting waste into high-value plants, land efficiency, clean water efficiency, and production of healthy food. This research aimed to calculate N and P waste from feed, which becomes shrimp, the role of water spinach in absorbing total N and total P at different shrimp densities and the same density. This research compared 3 treatments, namely Treatment A) shrimp density of 1,000 ind/m3 + 20 net pots of water spinach; B) 2,000 ind/m3 + 20 net pots of water spinach; and C) 3,000 ind/m3 + 20 netpots of water spinach. Shrimp were raised in containers measuring 70cm × 40 cm × 40 cm with a volume of 50 liter, while water spinach was grown in aquariums measuring 50 cm × 40 cm × 30 cm or a volume of 50 liter. In addition, shrimp were maintained for 70 days, and water spinach was subjected to two cycles with a maintenance period of 25 days per cycle. To support shrimp growth, feed with a protein content of 30-40% was also provided at a dosage of 10-5% of the biomass weight in the morning, afternoon, and evening. The results of the research on the combination of different shrimp densities and the same water spinach density showed that the higher the density of TN and TP waste shrimp, the higher the results were, so that the efficiency of the best water spinach plants in treatment A was with the highest shrimp productivity with the lowest N and P water quality.
Seasonal effects on blue swimming crab catch per unit effort (CPUE) in Tiworo Strait, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Cardin M , Welis M
Published: October 2024

Blue swimming crab (BSC) resources are fisheries commodities that have important economic value, so their utilization needs to be carried out sustainably. Understanding crab fishing season patterns is very important in efforts to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of crab fishing industry. This study aimed to analyze the abundance and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of blue swimming crab based on season in the the Tiworo Strait, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. BSC sampling was conducted monthly from October 2022 to March 2023 (west season) and April to September 2023 (east season). The results showed that the maximum catch occurred during the east to west transition season, amounting to 1,668.50 kg, while the lowest catch was 376.70 kg with a total of 1,032 trips. The maximum catch in the west season was 1,402.10 kg, while the lowest was 666.50 kg with a total of 1,265 trips. The highest CPUE value was observed in July at 7.92 kg/trip, while the lowest CPUE occurred in April at 2.18 kg/trip. Differences in crab catches and number of trips in each season may be influenced by environmental conditions that occur in that season as well the location of the fishing ground.
Species diversity and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Portunidae in Batubara, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Fairuz N , Qomariyah L , Ervinia A
Published: October 2024

Crabs from the family of Portunidae are distributed widely in Indonesian waters, including the blue swimming crabs which has been exploited as a target species to meet the export demand and economic needs 3 of the capture fisheries sector. Crab catches from Portunidae family makes a major contribution to marine fisheries production in Batubara Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the species diversity and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of crabs of Portunidae family in January–March 2023 in Tanjung Tiram Waters, Batu Bara Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The fishing area was located right across the Malacca Strait, which is congested with international shipping traffic. Data were obtained through observations and community interview. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of crabs was analyzed. The results showed about five species of crab from the Portunidae family were caught, including Portunus pelagicus, Scylla serrata, Charybdis feriata, Charybdis affinis, and Charybdis natator. The avearga CPUE value of target species Portunus pelagicus was 8,8 kg/trip.
Macrozoobenthos community structure in the Sukabumi estuary, West Java
Authors: Larasati AN , Affandi R , Kamal MM
Published: October 2024

The estuary in the south of Sukabumi is an ecosystem rich in eel fishery resources. Currently, there are several human activities at this location which are expected to affect water quality. Therefore, a macrozoobenthic community structure analysis was carried out to determine the water quality at the estuary in the south of Sukabumi. The aim of this research is to determine the structure of macrozoobenthos communities in river estuaries in the south of Sukabumi. The research was conducted at river estuaries in the south of Sukabumi, including the Cimandiri, Ciletuh, Cibuni, and Cikaso river estuaries. The research was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022, which is the season for eels. The research results showed that there were 12 macrozoobenthos species which were classified into 4 classes (Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Chromadorea, and Polychaeta). The highest density occurred in Ciletuh estuary with a value of 147 ind/m2, while the lowest occurred in the Cimandiri estuary and the Cikaso estuary with a value of 63 ind/m2. The diversity index (H′) ranges from 0.92-2.50 at all stations, indicating the low to medium category. The uniformity index ranges between 0.91-1, classified as moderate to high, and the dominance index ranges between 0.184-0.556, classified as low to moderate. Based on this, it can be seen that there will be pollution at the river mouth in the south of Sukabumi but it will still be at a low to moderate level.
Unexpected social change: The transformation of the Pati Regency’s coastal community due to the Indonesian government’s trawl restriction policy
Authors: Aprian M , Adrianto L , Boer M , Kurniawan F , Nurhijayat A
Published: October 2024

Indonesia’s developmental endeavors, with a focal point on Java Island, presented an overarching concern for the excessive depletion of its coastal and maritime reservoirs. This fundamental notion laid the groundwork for Indonesian governmental actions in 2015 under the stewardship of Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Susi Pujiastuti. During this period, a proactive measure was introduced, entailing the imposition of fishing limitations within the Northern Java Sea vicinity. Embodied within the Ministerial Regulation of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 2 of 2015, the restriction of Deploying Trawl and Seine Nets within Indonesian Fishery Management Zones became a tangible manifestation aimed at upholding the preservation of coastal and maritime resources. After an approximate span of eight years since the enforcement of this policy, noteworthy transformations have transpired within the northern Java capture fisheries sector. Comprehensive interviews, meticulous observations, and scrutiny of documents within the Pati Regency (particularly in the Juwana sub-district) within the Central Java province revealed discernible shifts within coastal communities in a relatively brief span. Employing the social-ecological system framework, an analytical lens was cast upon the repercussions of this governmental restriction policy on the circumstances of the Juwana sub-district’s coastal communities, notably the fishermen. The curtailment imposed on fishing apparatus compelled fishermen to modernize and enhance the efficiency of their equipment. The evolving working ethos of the community trended toward collective endeavors and opportunistic pursuit of commercial prospects. Nevertheless, simultaneous challenges surfaced, including societal disparities amidst coastal communities, the marginal involvement of local governance, and the plausible peril of ecosystem detriment beyond the initial boundaries.