bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperación, creatividad y emprendimiento para el desarrollo de competencias. Una experiencia docente en Periodismo.
Authors: López Meri Amparo
Published: July 2016

Recientes investigaciones muestran un aumento en la intención emprendedora del alumnado universitario. Sin embargo, en titulaciones con poca demanda laboral como Periodismo también crece el desencanto a medida que avanzan los cursos. El emprendimiento puede ser una opción en estos casos. Esta experiencia docente, desarrollada en 4º curso del Grado en Periodismo de la Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, pretende mejorar las competencias transversales del alumnado, especialmente el trabajo en equipo vinculado a iniciativas profesionales viables. Para lograrlo, se ha combinado el potencial del aprendizaje cooperativo y el aprendizaje basado en proyectos con una metodología creativa que persigue incrementar la motivación e implicar a los futuros periodistas en su proceso formativo. Los resultados sugieren que el alumnado es receptivo a las innovaciones docentes que enriquecen la discusión en equipo. Trabajan con comodidad en grupos reducidos y cooperan adecuadamente cuando las tareas están muy pautadas por la profesora. Sin embargo, son reticente a coordinarse con otros equipos de la clase para lograr metas comunes, y presentan carencias en la planificación cuando disponen de plena libertad para autogestionarse.
Análisis de dos modelos de actividad basados en los procesos de autorregulación para la aplicación del concepto de enlace de hidrógeno a la interpretación de propiedades físicas de las sustancias
Authors: Llorens Molina Juan Antonio , Llorens de Jaime Jesús Mª
Published: July 2016

Los procesos de autorregulación son un factor clave en el desarrollo de la autonomía en el aprendizaje. Dichos procesos implican un diseño de las actividades que ponga un especial énfasis en el modo de proporcionar la información y la retroalimentación. En este trabajo se ha evaluado la aplicación del concepto de enlace de hidrógeno a la interpretación de las propiedades físicas de las sustancias. La actividad desarrollada consistió en observar e interpretar la diferencia de viscosidad entre diferentes alcoholes. Con este objetivo, se ha analizado comparativamente la influencia en el aprendizaje de dos modelos de actividad que se distinguen por los procesos cognitivos implicados, proporcionando después el mismo tipo de retroalimentación. Los resultados obtenidos han mostrado cómo la  realización de estas actividades trae consigo una mejora en el aprendizaje. Esta es particularmente significativa cuando la actividad implica un proceso de autorregulación basado en el análisis de la información proporcionada tras el planteamiento inicial del problema.
Aprendizaje y autoevaluación online de estudiantes universitarios: la matemática financiera en entornos virtuales
Authors: Cabedo Semper J. David , Maset Llaudes Mª Amparo , Segarra Adel Nuria
Published: July 2016

Matemática de las Operaciones Financieras es una asignatura de Formación Básica de primer año que todos los alumnos tienen que cursar obligatoriamente en los grados universitarios de Economía, Contabilidad y Finanzas y Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Jaume I  de Castellón. Por su naturaleza matemática, por el elevado número de alumnos matriculados y por las características de los profesores que imparten docencia, resulta difícil un seguimiento individualizado del aprendizaje del estudiantado. La presente comunicación expone una propuesta de innovación metodológica introducida en dicha asignatura durante el curso 2014/2015. La innovación consiste en la autoevaluación virtual formativa de los alumnos de tres casos prácticos. El objetivo es que los alumnos reflexionen sobre su aprendizaje de un modo continuo y autónomo. Además, se pretende que reciban un feedback eficaz y oportuno que les ayude a mejorar su rendimiento académico.  El análisis empírico presentado demuestra que la autoevaluación formativa virtual propuesta ha influido muy positivamente tanto en el aumento del porcentaje de alumnos que se presentan al examen final como en su nota media.
Evaluación de la implantación de la metodología Design Thinking en una asignatura de proyectos
Authors: Costa Montenegro Enrique , Díaz Otero Francisco , Caeiro Rodríguez Manuel , Cuiñas Gómez Iñigo , Mariño Espiñeira Perfecto , Fernández Iglesias Manuel
Published: July 2016

En esta comunicación relataremos la experiencia desarrollada durante el curso 2015/2016 al implantar la metodología Design Thinking en la asignatura Laboratorio de Proyectos (LPRO) impartida en el Grado en Ingeniería de Tecnologías de Telecomunicación de la Universidad de Vigo. Para ello presentaremos la asignatura, dado que se trata de una asignatura singular dentro del plan de estudios de esta titulación de grado, al igual que la metodología Design Thinking. Posteriormente explicaremos cómo hemos introducido dicha metodología en tres de los diecinueve proyectos llevados a cabo en la asignatura, sobre todo teniendo en cuenta las restricciones de horas presenciales dedicadas al trabajo en clase con el profesor. Finalmente presentaremos los resultados y conclusiones extraídos de esta experiencia.
Competencia transversal “Aprendizaje Permanente”: experiencia en la asignatura Transductores e Instrumentación Acústica
Authors: Alba Fernández Jesús , Del Rey Tormos Romina
Published: July 2016

El aprendizaje permanente es una de las competencias transversales que la Universitat Politécnica de Valencia pretende acreditar. La asignatura “Transductores e Instrumentación Acústica” de la titulación del Grado en Ingeniería de Sistemas de Telecomunicación, Sonido e Imagen es punto de control de dicha competencia. En el curso 2015-2016 se han puesto en  marcha mecanismos para trabajarla en la asignatura y para poder evaluarla. En este trabajo se resume la experiencia de este curso, y se valoran fortalezas y debilidades de la propuesta inicial, pensando en posibles mejoras para el próximo curso.
Intereses y expectativas de los participantes en MOOC: un estudio de caso
Authors: Bernal González María Cruz , Sánchez Vera María Del Mar , Prendes Espinosa María Paz
Published: July 2016

En el último lustro los MOOC se han convertido no solamente en una modalidad de enseñanza masiva de crecimiento fulgurante sino también en una de las líneas de investigación de mayor interés en el ámbito de la educación. Este trabajo parte de una revisión teórica sobre los MOOC y sus características, además de un análisis de estadísticas recientes que muestran la relevancia del fenómeno y a la par las altas tasas de abandono que se producen. A partir de esta revisión, nuestro trabajo se centra en profundizar en las razones por las cuales los alumnos se interesan por un MOOC y los factores que influyen en los altos índices de abandono del mismo a partir de una encuesta realizada en nuestro MOOC "Educación en un mundo conectado" impartido en Canvas. Con un total de 2500 inscritos, la encuesta fue respondida por 1656 participantes, mostrando como resultados relevantes que los participantes se apuntaron al curso principalmente para ampliar conocimientos y por la gratuidad del mismo. En general, se ha obtenido una gran tasa de finalización, terminando el curso con un total de 2464 alumnos activos en la plataforma.
Enseñanza basada en proyectos: una forma alternativa para enseñar Algebra Lineal
Authors: Taberna Torres Judit , García Planas María Isabel
Published: July 2016

Con e fin de promover el compromiso y la motivación de los estudiantes de ingeniería en la asignatura de álgebra lineal, hemos propuesto un aprendizaje basado en proyectos, dando un enfoque de clase dináamica en la que los estudiantes modelan problemas del mundo real con el fin de obtener un conocimiento más profundo de la materia. Teniendo en cuenta que la mayoría de los estudiantes son nativos digitales, utilizamos el e-portafolio como herramienta de comunicación entre los estudiantes y el maestro-alumno. En este artículo, presentamos una visión general del diseño y la implementación de un aprendizaje basado en proyectos para un curso de áalgebra lineal enseñado en la "ETSEIB" de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC).
La motivación del alumnado derivada de la realización de prácticas en contextos reales
Authors: Santiago Martín de Madrid Paula
Published: July 2016

Partiendo del caso concreto de una de las asignaturas de las que somos responsables docentes deseamos utilizar algunas de las prácticas llevadas a cabo en la misma con el objetivo de analizar la aplicación de determinadas metodologías didácticas para así valorar su repercusión no sólo en la motivación de nuestro alumnado, sino también en lo concerniente al cumplimiento de sus expectativas profesionales. Por tanto, en los casos incluidos en el presente texto, la motivación y la participación activa se constituyen como elementos fundamentales en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, razón por la que se otorga una especial relevancia a los siguientes factores: el uso de diferentes metodologías en la docencia, la implicación colaborativa del alumnado, la configuración de canales de comunicación y el establecimiento de relaciones entre la adquisición de conocimiento y su aplicación en contextos reales.
Aplicaciones en la nube (My Maps) para la docencia de asignaturas que hacen uso de información geográfica
Authors: Mendoza Ballesteros María Teresa , Jiménez Bello Miguel Ángel , Martínez Gimeno María Amparo , Alonso Campos Joan Carles
Published: July 2016

Los datos espaciales cada vez están más disponibles conforme avanzan las fuentes de datos, la velocidad de navegación a través de la red y la velocidad de los procesadores para analizar, visualizar y compartir la información. Gran parte de las titulaciones universitarias del ámbito de la ingeniería utilizan este tipo de información para el análisis, interpretación y planificación del territorio. Hasta ahora esta información debido al tamaño de los archivos era difícil de publicar y compartir. Pero el desarrollo de aplicaciones en la nube ha permitido abandonar el entorno de ordenador de sobremesa. En este trabajo se cuenta la experiencia de la aplicación My Maps de Google en la asignatura Sistemas de Información Geográfica del Máster de Ingeniería Hidráulica y del Medio Ambiente. Mediante ella se intercambian los resultados entre todos los participantes de la asignatura con el fin de mostrar y evaluar lo aprendido. La incorporación ha permitido hacer más atractiva la asignatura a la vez que mejorar el intercambio de impresiones con los alumnos y facilitar las tareas de corrección.
Aplicación del método "Role-Playing" en prácticas de mantenimiento de aeronaves y su efecto en la motivación del alumno
Authors: García-Cuevas González Luis Miguel , Carreres Talens Marcos , Tiseira Izaguirre Andrés Omar , Navarro García Roberto
Published: July 2016

El metodo de desempeño de roles o "Role-Playing" ha demostrado ser altamente efectivo en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, facilitando la comprensión de contenidos teóricos y estimulando y motivando al alumno. Para mejorar la motivación de los alumnos, este método didáctico ha sido introducido recientemente en las clases prácticas de mantenimiento de aeronaves y aerorreactores impartidas en la titulación de Grado en Ingeniería Aeroespacial de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Dichas prácticas eran impartidas originalmente con un enfoque clásico de clase magistral seguido de búsqueda de información en catálogos de mantenimiento de forma individual por parte del alumno y dirigida por el profesor.
Aprendizaje colaborativo a través de la elaboración de documentales audiovisuales y el uso del edublog
Authors: Molina Pere , Martínez Baena Alejandro , Úbeda Colomer Joan , Lizandra Jorge , Gómez Gozalvo Fernando , Valenciano Javier
Published: July 2016

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue generar una mayor implicación del alumnado en el desarrollo de una asigantura del plan de estudios del Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte de la Universitat de València, mediante una estrategia de aprendizaje colaborativo en la que se utilizó la elaboración, en pequeños equipos, de documentales audiovisuales y su posterior comentario en un edublog. Participaron 48 estudiantes matriculados en el campus d’Ontinyent. Se constata una elevada participación del alumnado en la experiencia desarrollada (97,96% de los matriculados), una gran implicación en la elaboración de los documentales y también en la realización de comentarios individuales a los mismos en posts específicos publicados en el edublog de la asignatura, cuya media de comentarios a estos posts (25,89) fue mayor a la media general de comentarios a los posts del edublog (14,39). También cabe destacar la buena calidad de gran parte de los 9 documentales que se realizaron, a juzgar por la valoración del profesor de la asignatura, y también por el contenido de los comentarios publicados en los posts y por la coevaluación que realizaron los diferentes equipos sobre los documentales de sus compañeros.
Aplicación de la plataforma KAHOOT en asignaturas de Ingeniería de Fabricación
Authors: Sellés M. A. , Sánchez Caballero S. , Pérez Bernabeu Elena
Published: July 2016

En los últimos años han aparecido varias herramientas online de apoyo a la docencia, dejando a los Personal Response Systems como sistemas obsoletos. Entre ellas, KAHOOT es de la más utilizada a nivel mundial. En este trabajo se utilizan dos asignaturas de Ingeniería de Fabricación para poner en práctica esta plataforma durante dos cursos académicos. Los resultados obtenidos en cuanto a la mejora académica y de motivación de los alumnos hacen totalmente aconsejable el uso de esta plataforma gratuita en las clases de Ingeniería.
Proyecto docente innovador desarrollado en Grado en Ingeniería en Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo de Producto para la consecución de un Prototipo Funcional mediante trabajo en equipo
Authors: Rayón Encinas Emilio , López Juan
Published: July 2016

Se propone un método docente innovador para fomentar el trabajo en equipo a la vez que se adquiere habilidades en nuevas tecnologías de interés para el ingeniero de diseño industrial y del producto. Inicialmente a los estudiantes se les propone realizar una investigación siguiendo una metodología de aprendizaje inverso, invitándoles a analizar experimentalmente cómo funcionan muchos de los aparatos tecnológicos que los rodean. Se trata de redescubrir la curiosidad innata de aprendizaje desmontando un producto para ver de qué está hecho y qué mecanismos lo hacen funcionar. Además, durante estas jornadas teórico-prácticas se les muestra materiales, instrumentos y metodologías para realizar prototipos funcionales, como son materiales luminiscentes, escáneres 3D, arcillas de modelado y tecnologías novedosas de código abierto dedicadas al prototipado. Las posteriores evaluaciones y la experiencia adquirida con esta metodología demuestra que la metodología implantada consigue favorecer el trabajo en equipo a la vez que se recupera el entusiasmo por un aprendizaje nutrido desde la curiosidad. La mayoría de los estudiantes coincidieron en lo valioso que les resultó el conocimiento adquirido, incluso han podido aprovechar estas experiencias para desarrollar un modelo funcional para sus respectivos PFG.
Plan inicial, progresos explícitos y evaluación de una trama de feedforwarding sobre campus virtual en una asignatura de matemáticas
Authors: Fabregat Fillet Jaime , Pelayo I.
Published: July 2016

La comunicación recoge el trabajo, por segundo año, de profesores de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) para aclarar ventajas de una evaluación formativa "feedforwarding”, que cause reflexión – acción, que esté adecuadamente personalizada, que forje compromiso entre las poblaciones estudiantil y docente, que no se circunscriba a un "correcto-incorrecto", que realimente con rapidez y que tutele. El afán ha incidido, y reincidido, sobre "Matemáticas" del primer cuatrimestre de grados en ingeniería. Han sido propuestos a los alumnos unos exámenes, en forma de cuestionarios, con y sin realimentación, para avivar el aprendizaje. Los estudiantes han considerado primero un examen con realimentación repetida hasta responder apropiadamente unas cuestiones para, después, enfrentarse a otro análogo sin realimentación. Ha sido utilizado un sostén de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, accediendo a examinar provechos de la labor, centrándose sobre todo en su aporte en términos de mejora en la evaluación, de empleo del recurso por los alumnos, de su fidelización y de logro de beneficios. Cada año ha habido una actuación sobre unos dos centenares de estudiantes, con pares de exámenes formados con apoyo de WIRIS (cada par ligado a un contenido temático), usándose Moodle.
The role of methane in projections of 21st century stratospheric water vapour
Authors: Revell Laura , Stenke Andrea , Rozanov Eugene , Ball William , Lossow Stefan , Peter Thomas
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Stratospheric water vapour (SWV) is an important component of the Earth's atmosphere as it affects both radiative balance and the chemistry of the atmosphere. Key processes driving changes in SWV through the 21st century include dehydration of air masses transiting the cold-point tropopause (CPT) and methane oxidation. Increasing surface temperatures may strengthen the Brewer-Dobson circulation, such that more methane is transported into the stratosphere where it can be oxidised to SWV. We use a chemistry-climate model to simulate changes in SWV through the 21st century following the four canonical Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Furthermore, we quantify the contribution that methane oxidation makes to SWV following each of the RCPs. The methane contribution to SWV maximises in the upper stratosphere, however modelled SWV trends are found to be driven predominantly by warming of the CPT and strengthening of the Brewer-Dobson circulation rather than by increasing methane oxidation. SWV changes by −5 % to 60 % (depending on the location in the atmosphere and emissions scenario) and increases in the lower stratosphere in all RCPs through the 21st century. Because the lower stratosphere is where water vapour radiative forcing maximises, SWV's influence on surface climate is also expected to increase through the 21st century.
Numerical Analysis of the Role of Snowpack in the Ozone Depletion Events during the Arctic Spring
Authors: Cao Le , Platt Ulrich , Wang Chenggang , Cao Nianwen , Qin Qing
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The tropospheric ozone depletion events (ODEs) and the related enhancement of reactive bromine in the boundary layer were observed in the springtime of Arctic almost 40 years ago. It is found that various substrates in polar regions such as the snowpack are able to release bromine, which is responsible for the consumption of ozone in the boundary layer. In the present simulation, a snowpack module which represents the mass transfer between the ambient air and the snowpack is implemented in a box model, aiming to clarify the influences of the snowpack on ODEs and the associated bromine explosion in the ambient air as well as in the interstitial air of the snowpack. In the snowpack module, the processes including the deposition of bromine containing compounds onto the snowpack, the mass exchange between the snow interstitial air and snow particles, and the release of Br2 from the snowpack to the ambient air are parameterized by estimating the transfer resistances which an air parcel experiences when being transported through the boundary layer into the snowpack. The present model successfully captures the complete removal of ozone both in the boundary layer and in the snow interstitial air. The temporal and spatial distributions of bromine species such as Br2 are shown and compared with observations. By changing the properties of the snowpack, it is found that the size of snow grains, volume fraction of the liquid-like layer (LLL), and the rate of the mass exchange between the snow interstitial air and the snow particles are the critical parameters which determine the occurrence of ODEs. The simulation results show that a smaller size of the snow grains considerably accelerates the ozone depletion process. Moreover, the decrease of LLL volume fraction in snow grains is found to slow down the scavenging process of HOBr by the snow particles, which prohibits the occurrence of ODEs in the snowpack. In addition, according to the simulations with the modification of the snowpack thickness, the depletion of ozone in the ambient air is shown to be influenced more heavily by the bromine explosion occurring in the surface snow layers instead of the deep snow layers. The importance of each step in the mass transfer processes occurring between the boundary layer and the snowpack is identified by conducting a local concentration sensitivity analysis. It is shown that the snow chemistry occurring in the surface snow layers has a relatively larger impact on the depletion of ozone in the ambient air compared to that within the deep snow layers. Besides, during the period of the ozone depletion, the mixing ratio of ozone in the boundary layer is mostly influenced by the deposition of HOBr onto the surface snow layers and the release of Br2 from the snow layers close to the ground surface. In contrast to that, in the interstitial air of the surface snow layer, the uptake of HOBr by snow particles is indicated as the most dominant step for the ODE.
Improvement of Vertical Velocity Statistics Measured by a Doppler
Lidar through Comparison with Sonic Anemometer Observations
Authors: Bonin Timothy A. , Newman Jennifer F. , Klein Petra M. , Chilson Phillip B. , Wharton Sonia
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Since turbulence measurements from Doppler lidars are being increasingly used within wind energy and boundary-layer meteorology, it is important to assess and improve the accuracy of these observations. While turbulent quantities are measured by Doppler lidars in several different ways, the simplest and most frequently used statistic is vertical velocity variance (σ2ω) from zenith stares. However, the competing effects of signal noise and resolution volume limitations, which respectively increase and decrease σ2ω, reduce the accuracy of these measurements. Herein, an established method that utilizes the autocovariance of the signal to remove noise is evaluated and its skill in also correcting for volume-averaging effects in the calculation of σ2ω is assessed. Additionally, this autocovariance technique is further refined by defining the amount of lag time to use for the most accurate estimates of σ2ω. Through comparison of observations from two Doppler lidars and sonic anemometers on a 300-m tower, the autocovariance technique is shown to improve estimates of σ2ω over a variety of atmospheric conditions. After the autocoviance technique is applied, values of σ2ω from the Doppler lidars are generally in close agreement (R2 ≈ 0.95–0.98) with those calculated from sonic anemometer measurements.
Assessment of the underestimation of snowfall accumulation by tipping bucket gauges used operationally by the Spanish national weather service
Authors: Buisan Samuel T. , Earle Michael E. , Collado José Luís , Kochendorfer John , Alastrué Javier , Wolff Mareile , Smith Craig D. , López-Moreno Juan I.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Within the framework of the WMO-SPICE (Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment) at the Formigal-Sarrios test site located in the Pyrenees mountain range of Spain, the Thies tipping bucket precipitation gauge was assessed against the SPICE reference. The Thies gauge is the most widely-used precipitation gauge by the Spanish Meteorological State Agency (AEMET) for the measurement of all precipitation types, including snow. It is therefore critical that its performance be characterized. The first objective of this study is to derive transfer functions based on the relationships between catch ratio and wind speed and temperature. Multiple linear regression was applied to 1 h and 3 h accumulation periods, confirming that wind is the most dominant environmental variable affecting the gauge catch efficiency, especially during snowfall events. At wind speeds of 1.5 m s−1 the average catch ratio was 0.7. At 3 m s−1, the average catch ratio was 0.5, and was even lower for temperatures below −2 ºC and decreased to 0.2 or less for higher wind speeds. Following this, this study outlines two areas in Northern Spain that exhibit different catch ratios under weather conditions leading to snowfall events, highlighting the importance of how the precipitation gauge behaves in various conditions.
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
(SAO OMPS) formaldehyde retrieval
Authors: González Abad Gonzalo , Vasilkov Alexander , Seftor Colin , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This paper presents our new formaldehyde (H2CO) retrievals, obtained from spectra recorded by the nadir instrument of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) flown on board NASA's Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SUOMI-NPP) satellite. Our algorithm is similar to the one currently in place for the production of NASA's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) operational H2CO product. We are now able to produce a set of long-term data from two different instruments that share a similar concept and a similar retrieval approach. The ongoing overlap period between OMI and OMPS offers a perfect opportunity to study the consistency between both data sets. The different spatial and spectral resolution of the instruments is a source of discrepancy in the retrievals despite the similarity of the physic assumptions of the algorithm. We have concluded that the reduced spectral resolution of OMPS in comparison with OMI is not a significant obstacle in obtaining good-quality retrievals. Indeed, the improved signal-to-noise ratio of OMPS with respect to OMI helps to reduce the noise of the retrievals performed using OMPS spectra. However, the size of OMPS spatial pixels imposes a limitation in the capability to distinguish particular features of H2CO that are discernible with OMI. With root mean square (RMS) residuals  ∼ 5 × 10−4 for individual pixels we estimate the detection limit to be about 7.5 × 1015 molecules cm−2. Total vertical column density (VCD) errors for individual pixels range between 40 % for pixels with high concentrations to 100 % or more for pixels with concentrations at or below the detection limit. We compare different OMI products (SAO OMI v3.0.2 and BIRA OMI v14) with our OMPS product using 1 year of data, between September 2012 and September 2013. The seasonality of the retrieved slant columns is captured similarly by all products but there are discrepancies in the values of the VCDs. The mean biases among the two OMI products and our OMPS product are 23 % between OMI SAO and OMPS SAO and 28 % between OMI BIRA and OMPS SAO for eight selected regions.
Measurement of OH reactivity by laser flash photolysis coupled with
laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Stone Daniel , Whalley Lisa K. , Ingham Trevor , Edwards Peter M. , Cryer Danny R. , Brumby Charlotte A. , Seakins Paul W. , Heard Dwayne E.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. OH reactivity (k′OH) is the total pseudo-first-order loss rate coefficient describing the removal of OH radicals to all sinks in the atmosphere, and is the inverse of the chemical lifetime of OH. Measurements of ambient OH reactivity can be used to discover the extent to which measured OH sinks contribute to the total OH loss rate. Thus, OH reactivity measurements enable determination of the comprehensiveness of measurements used in models to predict air quality and ozone production, and, in conjunction with measurements of OH radical concentrations, to assess our understanding of OH production rates. In this work, we describe the design and characterisation of an instrument to measure OH reactivity using laser flash photolysis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence (LFP-LIF) spectroscopy. The LFP-LIF technique produces OH radicals in isolation, and thus minimises potential interferences in OH reactivity measurements owing to the reaction of HO2 with NO which can occur if HO2 is co-produced with OH in the instrument. Capabilities of the instrument for ambient OH reactivity measurements are illustrated by data collected during field campaigns in London, UK, and York, UK. The instrumental limit of detection for k′OH was determined to be 1.0 s−1 for the campaign in London and 0.4 s−1 for the campaign in York. The precision, determined by laboratory experiment, is typically < 1 s−1 for most ambient measurements of OH reactivity. Total uncertainty in ambient measurements of OH reactivity is  ∼  6 %. We also present the coupling and characterisation of the LFP-LIF instrument to an atmospheric chamber for measurements of OH reactivity during simulated experiments, and provide suggestions for future improvements to OH reactivity LFP-LIF instruments.
The socioecohydrology of rainwater harvesting in India: understanding water
storage and release dynamics across spatial scales
Authors: Van Meter Kimberly J. , Steiff Michael , McLaughlin Daniel L. , Basu Nandita B.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Rainwater harvesting (RWH), the small-scale collection and storage of runoff for irrigated agriculture, is recognized as a sustainable strategy for ensuring food security, especially in monsoonal landscapes in the developing world. In south India, these strategies have been used for millennia to mitigate problems of water scarcity. However, in the past 100 years many traditional RWH systems have fallen into disrepair due to increasing dependence on groundwater. This dependence has contributed to accelerated decline in groundwater resources, which has in turn led to increased efforts at the state and national levels to revive older RWH systems. Critical to the success of such efforts is an improved understanding of how these ancient systems function in contemporary landscapes with extensive groundwater pumping and shifted climatic regimes. Knowledge is especially lacking regarding the water-exchange dynamics of these RWH tanks at tank and catchment scales, and how these exchanges regulate tank performance and catchment water balances. Here, we use fine-scale, water-level variation to quantify daily fluxes of groundwater, evapotranspiration (ET), and sluice outflows in four tanks over the 2013 northeast monsoon season in a tank cascade that covers a catchment area of 28 km2. At the tank scale, our results indicate that groundwater recharge and irrigation outflows comprise the largest fractions of the tank water budget, with ET accounting for only 13–22 % of the outflows. At the scale of the cascade, we observe a distinct spatial pattern in groundwater-exchange dynamics, with the frequency and magnitude of groundwater inflows increasing down the cascade of tanks. The significant magnitude of return flows along the tank cascade leads to the most downgradient tank in the cascade having an outflow-to-capacity ratio greater than 2. At the catchment scale, the presence of tanks in the landscape dramatically alters the catchment water balance, with runoff decreasing by nearly 75 %, and recharge increasing by more than 40 %. Finally, while water from the tanks directly satisfies  ∼ 40 % of the crop water requirement across the northeast monsoon season via surface water irrigation, a large fraction of the tank water is "wasted", and more efficient management of sluice outflows could lead to tanks meeting a higher fraction of crop water requirements.
Reflective properties of white and snow-covered sea ice
Authors: Malinka Aleksey , Zege Eleonora , Heygster Georg , Istomina Larysa
Published: July 2016

Abstract. White ice (ice with a highly scattering granular layer on top of its surface) and snow-covered ice occupy a large part of the sea ice area in the Arctic, the former in summer, the latter in the cold period. The inherent optical properties (IOPs) and the reflectance of these types of ice are considered from the point of view of the light scattering and radiative transfer theories. The IOPs – the extinction and absorption coefficients and the scattering phase function – are derived in the assumption that both the snow cover and the scattering layer of white ice are random mixtures of air and ice with the characteristic grain size significantly larger than the wavelength of incident light. Simple analytical formulas are put forward to calculate the bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF), albedo at direct incidence (the directional–hemispherical reflectance), and albedo at diffuse incidence (the bihemispherical reflectance). The developed optical model is verified with the data of the in situ measurements made during the RV Polarstern expedition ARK-XXVII/3 in 2012.
(Early) Modern Literature: Crossing the Color-Line
Authors: Brown David Sterling
Published: July 2016

This article examines the pedagogical implications of teaching about the past in a way that establishes continuity in relation to present and future moments. I describe and analyze how my Trinity College students navigated my course, “Crossing the Color-Line,” which aimed to eradicate boundaries and entangle the professional and personal, social and political, past and present, and black and white in an engaged manner. I argue that a radical course such as “Crossing the Color-Line” can showcase, through literature and other media, how fusing difference of all kinds—cultural, religious, literary, historical, gender—promotes rigorous student directed learning experiences that are inclusive. Because Shakespeare was not the sole authorial voice in the room, or the only early modern author in our syllabus, “Crossing the Color-Line” actively resisted the literary, racial, social, and cultural homogeneity that one can often find in an early modern classroom. By not being Shakespeare-centric, the course placed value on the female perspective and refrained from being androcentric in its authorial focus. Moreover, by positioning “the problem of the color-line” as relevant in the early modern period, the combined study of African-American and early modern English texts challenged critical race studies to include pre-nineteenth-century literature.
From Archives to Action: Zines, Participatory Culture, and Community Engagement in Asian America
Authors: Honma Todd
Published: July 2016

As a pedagogical tool, zines exist at the intersection of radical history, analog creativity, participatory culture, and community engagement. This article highlights the importance of contextualizing zines within a history of social activism to shift the focus of zines from individualism and self motivation to their role in community empowerment and social justice. This is particularly relevant when teaching about the topic of Asian American zines and community engagement. The first half of this article discusses the use of Densho’s online archive of the complete print run of the Asian American movement periodical Gidra as a way to teach students about histories of Asian American independent publishing, racial formation, and community activism. The second part of this article moves from archives to practice, concerning how students can use the skills and knowledge that they learn from these archival materials and apply them to current events and community engagement projects surrounding gentrification and tenants’ rights in Los Angeles Chinatown.
In the Archives: A User's Perspective
Authors: Schrecker Ellen
Published: July 2016

Radical researchers need to use archives, but can often encounter problems with obtaining access to them. Currently, most of those problems are the result of cut-backs in the financing of non-profit instiutions and public higher education.
A comparison of the determination of the rennet coagulation properties of bovine milk
Authors: Pytel Roman , Šustová Květoslava , Kumbár Vojtěch , Nedomová Šárka
Published: July 2016

The aim of the work was compared of two different methods (the visual method and the nephelo turbidimetry method) for determination of rennet coagulation time. It was observed the effect of heat treatment of milk; types of rennet and addition of different amount of CaCl2 into the pasteurized milk. It was used two different chymosin rennet. For the visual method was milk sample (100 mL) equilibrated at 35 °C, 1 mL of rennet was added into milk and was measured the time required for the first visible flakes (visual method). For the determination rennet coagulation time by nephelo-turbidimetry was removed part of milk with rennet and placed into nephelo-turbidimetry. Milk had a titratable acidity in the range from 6.5 to 7.0 °SH, average pH of milk was 6.68. Dry matter content was in range from 12.351 to 13.142%. The average content of protein by Kjeldahl was 3.14%, fat by Gerber 4.34%, lactose by polarimetry 4.68% and calcium content 1.1%. The pasteurized milk had the worst rennet coagulation time about 32 s compared to the raw milk. The difference coagulation time between milk with addition of 20 µL CaCl2 and 40 µL CaCl2 was in range 21 s to 26 s by visual method. The difference coagulation time between milk with addition of 20 µL CaCl2 and 40 µL CaCl2 was 15 s by nephelo-turbidimetry method. There occurred statistically non-significant differences in most of the measurements, comparing the visual and the nephelo-turbidimetric method. The heat treatment, addition of CaCl2 and using of different rennet had an influence on the curd category. It was obtained, that using nephelo-turbidimetry shown objective results for measuring the rennet coagulation time contrary the subjective visual method. Further, the results obtained by nephelo-turbidimetry are accurate and determined with the lower variation.
Stereological analysis of pea protein in model samples
Authors: Javůrková Zdeňka , Pospiech Matej , Petrášová Michaela , Tremlová Bohuslava , Luňáková Ludmila
Published: July 2016

With the growing popularity of various plant proteins used as raw materials for meat production, interest of manufacturers to extend the range of such raw materials is increasing as well. Manufacturers are trying to minimize the cost of manufacturing their products with simultaneous preserving the nutritional value of their products to the maximum extent possible. Such cheaper raw materials, which are also nutritionally rich, include pea protein. Another advantage for manufacturers is the fact that legislation does not order them to indicate pea protein presence in case of its addition, as it does for other allergenic ingredients, although this legume contains storage proteins which can cause a variety of allergic reactions, just like other legumes. Currently no method used for its qualitative determination has been described in literature, let alone its quantitative determination. Our work describes a possible method that can be applied for its quantification. It is a stereological method applied to microscopic sections stained by immunohistochemical staining based on the avidin-biotin complex using monoclonal legumin (1H9) as the primary antibody. The stereological method is based on geometry, it applies knowledge of geometry to analyze a sample of diverse origin, size and internal structure. Despite potential shortcomings in staining microscopic preparations, stereology allows us to perform quantification based on knowledge of morphology of the observed structures. This work describes a procedure of a known pea protein addition quantification in model meat products by means of Ellipse software. Pea protein quantification was performed in two ways. In the first case ten microimages of all sections prepared were examined, while in the second case one scan of the entire section was analyzed. Based on the results, Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated, which confirmed our assumption of correlation between the protein added into the product and the measured area in microimages. In both ways Spearman's correlation coefficient was rSp = 1000. We obtained regression equations in MS Excel, which can be used for calculation of pea protein addition based on measured area of this protein in microscopic section.
Oxidative stability of chicken’s breast after vacuum packaging, EDTA, sage and rosemary essential oils treatment
Authors: Pavelková Adriana , Bobko Marek , Haščí­k Peter , Kačániová Miroslava , Tkáčová Jana
Published: July 2016

In the present work, the effect of the sage and rosemary essential oils on oxidative stability of chicken breast muscles during chilled storage was investigated. In the experiment were chickens of hybrid combination Cobb 500 after 42 days of the fattening period slaughtered.  All the broiler chickens were fed with the same feed mixtures and were kept under the same conditions. The feed mixtures were produced without any antibiotic preparations and coccidiostats. After slaughtering was dissection obtained fresh chicken breast with skin from left half-carcass, which were divided into five groups (n = 5): C - control air-packaged group; A1 - vacuum-packaged experimental group; A2 - vacuum-packaged experimental group with EDTA solution 1.50% w/w; A3 - vacuum-packaged experimental group with Salvia officinalis L. oil 2.0% v/w and A4 - vacuum-packaged experimental group with Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil 2.0% v/w. The sage and rosemary essential oils were applicate on surface chicken breasts and immediately after dipping, each sample was packaged using a vacuum packaging machine and storage in refrigerate at 4  ±0.5 °C. The value of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) expressed as amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 1 kg sample was measured during storage in 1st, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th day. The treatments of chicken breasts with sage and rosemary essential oils show statistically significant differences between all testing groups and control group, where higher average value of MDA measured in breast muscle of broiler chickens was in samples of control group (0.396 mg.kg-1) compared to experimental groups A1 (0.060 mg.kg-1), A2 (0.052 mg.kg-1), A3 (0.042 mg.kg-1) and A4 (0.041 mg.kg-1) after 16-day of chilled storage. The results of experiment showed that the treatment of chicken breast with sage and rosemary essential oils had positive effect on the decrease of oxidative processes in breast muscles during chilling storage and use of plant essential oils is one of the possibilities increase shelf life of fresh chicken meat.
Sugarcane expansion in the Capivara River hydrographic basin (SP) between 1977 and 2010
Authors: Machado Walquíria Silva , Telles Tiago Santos , Tavares Filho João
Published: July 2016

Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) with applied digital image-processing (DIP) techniques are essential tools for maintaining land-use records over time. The sugar-ethanol industry has increased over the last 30 years in areas of the Paranapanema Valley in the Western São Paulo Plateau, which is considered one of the last major regions of São Paulo State, Brazil with soil, climate, and relief favorable for expanding sugarcane production. However, there is still no detailed study on changes in land-use and land occupation in the Capivara River basin. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the expanding land-use toward sugarcane crop production throughout the middle course of the Capivara River basin, southwestern São Paulo, Brazil between 1970 and 2010 using remote sensing. Thus, thematic maps referring to soil types and the land-use of the area were organized using GIS tools, and the cartographic data were used to prepare maps with ArcMap 9.3 software. The results showed that there was a 31.24 % expansion in sugarcane crops within the Capivara River basin area, from 4.32 % in 1977 to 35.56 % in 2010. This expansion mainly occurred in areas previously used for pastures but may have also occurred in areas of forest remnants.
A comparison of detomidine in combination with saline, morphine or methadone in horses submitted to experimental oral stimuli
Authors: Guilhen Rafael Costa , Cassu Renata Navarro , Diniz Miriely Steim , Giuffrida Rogério , Duarte Rodrigo Rolim
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to compare the sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of detomidine in combination with saline, morphine or methadone and to determine whether the addition of these opioids increases the degree of sedation in horses submitted to experimental oral stimuli. In a blinded, randomized, experimental study, six adult mares were evaluated using a crossover design with at least 15 days between trials: 10?g/kg detomidine in combination with saline (D/SAL), 0.1mg/kg morphine (D/ MORPH) or 0.1mg/kg methadone (D/METH). The degree of sedation, response to oral stimuli and cardiopulmonary parameters were monitored for 120 minutes. Parametric data were analyzed using the ANOVA and Tukey’s tests, and non- parametric data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman’s tests with the post-Dunn test (P<0.05). The degree of sedation was significantly greater for the D/SAL than for the D/MORPH and D/METH treatments at 30 min. The horses´ responses to the oral stimuli decreased significantly following all treatments at 5 and 30 min from baseline values. The heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial pH and blood gas variables were all similar among the treatment groups. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in the D/MORPH group when compared with the D/SAL group between 75 and 120 min. It was concluded that all treatments provided sedative effects with mild cardiopulmonary changes. However the addition of morphine or methadone to detomidine did not improve the degree of sedation in horses submitted to experimental oral stimuli.
Addition of sucrose on cryoprotectant solution of vitrification enhances the quality of Dorper sheep embryos produced in vivo
Authors: Monte Alane Pains Oliveira do , Loiola Filho João Bosco , Souza Thais Thatiane Dos Santos , Miranda Mayara De Souza , Magalhães Lívia Correia , Barros Celso Henrique Souza Costa , Silva Ana Arlete De Amorim , Santos Adriano Oliveira , Guimarães Aionne De Souza Leite , Costa Jonathan Maia da Silva , Sousa Pedro Humberto Félix de , Nogueira Daniel Maia , Cordeiro Mabel Freitas , Lopes Júnior Edilson Soares
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adding sucrose in vitrification solution of ovine embryos produced in vivo. Forty Dorper ewes were selected and superovulated. Immediately prior to the embryo collection by laparotomy, a laparoscopy was performed to verify the superovulatory response. The recovered flushing was followed by embryo evaluation and embryos were divided in two experimental groups where embryos from Control group were submitted to a traditional vitrification protocol and embryos from Sucrose group to a modified vitrification protocol with sucrose. After warming, embryos were again divided regarding cryoprotectant removal (Indirect) or not (Direct). The embryo quality was classified as embryos of degrees I (excellent or good), II (regular), III (poor) and IV (dead or degenerate). It was also verified the homogeneity of mass, occurrence of embryonic mass retraction and rupture of pellucid zone. The results were expressed as percentages and were subjected to Chi-square test with P < 0.05. The embryos vitrified in the presence of sucrose had lower proportions of lower-quality embryos after warming (22.20 vs. 44.50%), higher percentages of homogeneous embryos after warming (63.89 vs. 38.89 %) while concerning other parameters there was no difference between these groups. It can be concluded that the addition of 0.4 M sucrose during vitrification improves the embryo quality.