bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produksi Sabun Cuci Piring Sebagai Upaya Peningkatkan Efektivitas Dan Peluang Wirausaha
Authors: Amalia Rizka , Paramita Vita , Kusumayanti Heny , Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih , Sembiring Maranatha , Rani Dina Elvia
Published: March 2019

Sabun cuci piring merupakan salah satu kebutuhan dalam rumah tangga yang berfungsi sebagai penghilang kotoran dan lemak pada peralatan makan dan masak. Konsumsi sabun cuci piring yang  terus menerus setiap harinya, menyebabkan kebutuhan pengadaan sabun dengan biaya yang tidak sedikit, terlebih pada ibu-ibu kelompok pembuat jajan pasar sederhana di RT 4 RW 7 Kelurahan Pedalangan Kecamatan Banyumanik. Tujuan dilaksanakannya pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberi pengetahuan dan pelatihan kepada ibu-ibu RT 4, RW 7, Kelurahan Pedalangan, Kecamatan Banyumanik tentang pembuatan sabun cuci piring cair guna mengurangi pengeluaran masyarakat terhadap pembelian sabun sekaligus untuk menciptakan peluang usaha baru. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian, akan dijelaskan bahan baku, prosedur kerja dan perhitungan biaya produksi pembuatan sabun cuci piring. Dari  kegiatan yang dilakukan,  mitra dapat menghasilkan luaran produk barang berupa sabun cuci piring cair sesuai dengan metode yang diberikan dalam pelatihan. Production of Dish Washer Soap as Efforts to Increase Effectiveness And Entrepreneurial Opportunity Dishwashing liquid is one of household stuff that used for removing grease and dirt from dishes. Using the dishwashing liquid continuously cause the need of its stuff at a high enough cost. The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge and training to the making of dishwashing liquid soap in order to reduce cost as well as to create new business opportunity. In this activities, the raw materials and procedure of producing dishwashing liquid will explained, and the production costs of dishwashing manufacture will calculated. From the activities undertaken, can produce the dishwashing liquid soap in accordance with the methods given in the training.
Analisa Kadar Lemak Dalam Susu Perah Sapi Menggunakan Gaya Sentrifugasi
Authors: Masruroh Hidayatul , Masruroh Ulla Disky , Nugraheni Fransisca Sri , Paramita Vita
Published: March 2019

Selama berabad-abad susu telah dikenal sebagai bahan pangan yang dibutuhkan oleh manusia, karena susu banyak mengandung semua komponen bahan yang diperlukan oleh manusia. Kandungan terbesar susu adalah air dan lemak. Penelitian ini melakukan pengujian kandungan lemak pada susu sapi murni menggunakan gaya sentrifugasi, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel berubah, berupa suhu yang digunakan dalam penimpanan susu yaitu 50C, 250C dan 300C, putaran yang digunakan selama percobaan yaitu 1772 rpm, 2080 rpm, 2455 rpm, 3266 rpm, dan 4080 rpm serta waktu yang digunakan yaitu 15 menit, 20 menit dan 25 menit terhadap pemisahan lemak dalam susu sapi murni. Uji analisa pada penelitian ini meliputi uji kandungan lemak, pH, densitas dan viskositas. Pada penelitian tersebut variabel paling optimal yaitu susu pada suhu 300C dengan kecepatan putaran 2455 rpm dan dalam waktu 25 menit mendapatkan hasil kandungan lemak sebesar 2,5ml. Sedangkan hasil pengukuran pH dari ketiga variabel mendapatkan hasil 6,5. Untuk densitas hasil yang didapat yaitu 1,014;1,052; 1,036 masing-masing pada suhu 50C,250C,300C dan untuk viskositas sebesar 1,46. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak perbedaan signifikan pengaruh kecepatan putaran sentrifugasi terhadap densitas, pH maupun viskositas. Namun terdapat pengaruh putaran kecepatan sentrifugasi terhadap kadar lemak yang terpisahkan. Semakin tinggi suhu penyimpanan disertai peningkatan kecepatan putaran sentrifugasi, maka semakin tinggi kadar lemak yang terpisahkan.    Fat Content Separation Analysis from Dairy Milk by using Centrifuge For centuries dairy has been well known as the food needed by humans, due to its benefits for growth. The major content of milk is water and fat. This study examined the fat content of pure cow's milk using centrifugation force, with the aim to know the effect of independent variables, such as the temperature used in milk storage (5, 25 and 30 0C), the rotation speed of centrifugation (1772, 2080, 2455, 3266, and 4080 rpm) and the centrifugation time (15, 20 and 25 minutes) against the separation of fat in pure cow's milk. The analysis was including fat content test, pH, density and viscosity. In this study, the most optimum variables of fat content separation from milk (2.5 ml) were found at temperature of 300C with the centrifugation speed of 2455 rpm rotation and within 25 minutes. While, there were no different of the pH (6.5) and viscosity (1.46) regarding to the dependent variables. For the density, the results obtained are 1.014, 1.052; 1,036 for each at 50C, 250C, 300C. The result showed that there were no significant difference in the effect of centrifugation rotation speed to density, pH and viscosity. However, increasing the centrifugation rotation speed increased the fat content. The higher the storage temperature along with the increased speed of the centrifugation cycle, were resulted the higher the separated fat content.
Pemanfaatan Minyak Goreng Bekas Menjadi Sabun Mandi
Authors: Prihanto Antonius , Irawan Bambang
Published: March 2019

Rekayasa produk limbah untuk mengurangi pencemaran dapat memberikan nilai lebih terhadap produk yang di hasilkan. Upaya pemanfaatan limbah minyak goreng bekas untuk diolah menggunakan rekayasa proses menjadi produk yang lebih berguna berupa sabun mandi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh konsentrasi NaOH dan suhu proses terhadap kualitas produk sabun mandi. Pada tahap persiapan, minyak goreng bekas dibersihkan dari pengotornya melalui proses filtrasi dan penetralan dengan larutan NaOH. Minyak goreng bekas yang telah murni dan jernih  selanjutnya direaksikan dengan larutan NaOH dengan variasi konsentrasi NaOH 25 %, 30 %, 35 %, 40 % dan 45 %  pada suhu proses dengan variasi 30 oC, 35 oC, 40 oC, 45 oC dan 50  oC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada konsentrasi larutan NaOH 25 %  menghasilkan kualitas sabun terbaik dengan kadar alkali paling kecil yaitu 0.0272 %
Kesetimbangan Adsorpsi Zat Warna Methyl Violet Oleh Karbon Aktif Berbasis Limbah Daun Nanas (Ananas comosus L)
Authors: Lanjar Lanjar , Riayanti Fatma Indah , Astuti Widi
Published: March 2019

Industri tekstil semakin berkembang seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia. Selain memberikan manfaat, industri tekstil  memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan akibat penggunaan zat warna sintetis, salah satunya yaitu methyl violet. Apabila limbah tersebut dibuang ke perairan akan menyebabkan rusaknya ekologi lingkungan dan ancaman bagi kesehatan manusia, karena sebagian besar zat warna bersifat sukar terurai (non-bidegradable) dan karsinogenik (Brono, 2010). Salah satu metode yang terbukti efektif untuk menghilangkan zat warna adalah adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif. Pada penelitian ini karbon aktif dibuat dari limbah daun nanas dengan aktivator ZnCl2 dan pemanasan gelombang mikro. Selanjutnya, karbon aktif tersebut dikarakteriasi morfologi permukaan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), luas permukaan menggunakan Surface Area Analyzer, dan analisis gugus fungsi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, dan digunakan untuk menjerap methyl violet di larutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif dari limbah daun nanas yang teraktivasi ZnCl2 menghasilkan pori yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan karbon tanpa aktivasi serta memiliki gugus fungsi yang dapat menjerap methyl violet. Kondisi optimum untuk adsorpsi adalah pH 5, waktu kontak 90 menit, dan konsentrasi awal 500 mg/L. Model kesetimbangan yang sesuai yaitu menggunakan model isotherm freundlich.
Internal medicine residents’ evaluation of fevers overnight
Authors: Howard-Anderson Jessica , Schwab Kristin E. , Chang Sandy , Wilhalme Holly , Graber Christopher J. , Quinn Roswell
Published: March 2019

Background

Scant data exists to guide the work-up for fever in hospitalized patients, and little is known about what diagnostic tests medicine residents order for such patients. We sought to analyze how cross-covering medicine residents address fever and how sign-out systems affect their response.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate febrile episodes that residents responded to overnight. Primary outcomes included diagnostic tests ordered, if an in-person evaluation occurred, and the effect of sign-out instructions that advised a “full fever work-up” (FFWU).

Results

Investigators reviewed 253 fevers in 155 patients; sign-out instructions were available for 204 fevers. Residents evaluated the patient in person in 29 (11%) episodes. The most common tests ordered were: blood cultures (48%), urinalysis (UA) with reflex culture (34%), and chest X-ray (30%). If the sign-out advised an FFWU, residents were more likely to order blood cultures [odds ratio (OR) 14.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.52–28.90], UA with reflex culture (OR 12.07, 95% CI 5.56–23.23), chest X-ray (OR 16.55, 95% CI 7.03–39.94), lactate (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.47–7.55), and complete blood count (CBC) (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.17–8.51). In a multivariable regression, predictors of the number of tests ordered included hospital location, resident training level, timing of previous blood culture, in-person evaluation, escalation to a higher level of care, and sign-out instructions.

Conclusions

Sign-out instructions and a few patient factors significantly impacted cross-cover resident diagnostic test ordering for overnight fevers. This practice can be targeted in resident education to improve diagnostic reasoning and stewardship.
Teaching novice clinicians how to reduce diagnostic waste and errors by applying the Toyota Production System
Authors: Radhakrishnan Nila S. , Singh Hardeep , Southwick Frederick S.
Published: March 2019

Background

Diagnostic waste, defined as the ordering of low value tests, increases cost, causes delays, increases complexity, and reduces reliability. The Toyota Production System (TPS) is a powerful approach for process improvement that has not been applied to the diagnostic process. We describe a curriculum based on tools and principles of TPS that provides medical students with an approach for reducing diagnostic waste and improving patient management.

Methods

A 2-day elective course “Fixing Healthcare Delivery” was offered to medical students at the University of Florida, Gainesville. A section within the course had three learning objectives related to TPS: (1) define value in health care; (2) describe how diagnostic waste leads to time delays and diagnostic errors; and (3) apply sequential and iterative value streams for patient management. Instruction methods included videos, readings, and online quizzes followed by a 2-h seminar with facilitated discussion and active problem solving.

Results

During the 3 years the course was offered students (n = 25) achieved average scores of 95% on a pre-seminar test of manufacturing principles applied to the diagnostic and management process. Course evaluations averaged 4.94 out of 5 (n = 31).

Conclusions

Students appreciated the application of the TPS principles to the diagnostic process and expressed the desire to apply these manufacturing principles in their future diagnostic and management decision-making.
Stil und Abgeschiedenheit
Authors: Hvattum Mari
Published: March 2019

In his famous essay “Der moderne Denkmalkultus. Sein Wesen und seine Entstehung” from 1903, the Austrian historian and art theorist Alois Riegl pondered why it is that the modern observer is able to appreciate the monuments of the past. It seems an odd question. The nineteenth century was obsessed with history; its artists and architects were often accused of appreciating nothing but the past. Yet, Riegl’s question is prescient. If, as the historicists had long professed, there are no absolute or eternal standards in art – if the value of art and architecture is relative, changing with time and circumstance – then logically, the past should be inaccessible to us. How come it is not?

Riegl’s seemingly naïve question sums up historicism’s most pressing dilemmas and reveals the epochal determinism lurking in nineteenth-century Zeitgeist-thinking. This essay investigates Riegl’s attempted answers and their intellectual presuppositions.
Skeptizismus und negative Theologie
Authors: Gutschmidt Rico
Published: March 2019

Scepticism and negative theology are best understood not as theoretical positions, but rather as forms of philosophical practice that performatively undermine our knowledge claims or our seeming understanding of God. In particular, I am arguing that both scepticism and negative theology invoke the failure of the attempt to understand the absolute, be it God or the notion of absolute objectivity. However, with reference to L. A. Paul’s notion of epistemically transformative experience, I am arguing that we still understand something about the absolute through the experience of failing to think it. This, of course, is a non-propositional form of understanding, and I am arguing that there is something about the finitude of the human condition that can only be understood through a transformative philosophical experience with respect to the absolute.
Denken und Welt – Wege kritischer Metaphysik
Authors: Haag Johannes , Hoeppner Till
Published: March 2019

We begin by considering two common ways of conceiving critical metaphysics. According to the first (and polemical) conception, critical metaphysics analyses nothing more than the form of thought and thereby misses the proper point of metaphysics, namely to investigate the form of reality. According to the second (and affirmative) conception, critical metaphysics starts from the supposed insight that the form of reality can’t be other than the form of thought and it is thus not necessary to analyse anything but that form. We argue that the first conception is too weak while the second is too strong. Then we sketch an alternative conception of critical metaphysics, a conception we find expressed both in Kant’s B-Deduction and in the way Barry Stroud has recently investigated the possibilities of metaphysics. According to such a conception, a properly critical metaphysics needs to proceed in two steps: first, it needs to analyze the most general and necessary form of any thought that is about an objective reality at all; second, it needs to investigate how that form of thought relates to the reality it purports to represent. But unlike Kant, Stroud remains sceptical regarding the possibility of a satisfying transition from thought to reality in metaphysics. We argue that this dissatisfaction can be traced back to a notion of objectivity and reality in terms of complete mind-independence. Then we sketch an alternative notion of objectivity and reality in terms of distinctness from subjects and acts of thinking, and argue that it is that notion that allows Kant, with his Transcendental Idealism, to make the transition required for any satisfying metaphysics, namely that from the form of thought to reality.
Effectiveness and feasibility of a humor training in a routine care setting for people suffering from mental disorders
Authors: Tagalidou Nektaria , Faschingbauer Marlene , Mussuros Teresa , Ruch Willibald , Laireiter Anton-Rupert
Published: March 2019

The study tested effectiveness and feasibility of a humor training for members of a community mental health center suffering from schizophrenia, personality disorders, depression, or anxiety. The training group (n=28) was compared to a treatment-as-usual control group (n=26). Outcomes were divided into primary (coping humor and cheerfulness) and secondary ones (well-being, depression, anxiety, and symptomatology), and were assessed prior to and after treatment and at a six-week follow-up. Additionally, gelotophobia was explored as a confounding variable of the training outcome. Linear mixed models showed improvements in coping humor and cheerfulness compared to the control group. However, effects did not remain stable at follow-up, and secondary outcomes were unaffected by the training. Interestingly, people with higher levels in gelotophobia tended to score worse on many outcomes before training. These differences disappeared after completion but recurred in the follow-up. Feedback indicated feasibility of the training within the institution. Summarizing the results, this is one of the first studies that tried to implement humor training in a routine care setting for people with mental disorders. Results are promising, however further research is needed to investigate humor trainings in clinical samples more profoundly.
Application of the Optimal Auxiliary Functions Method to a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
Authors: Herisanu N. , Marinca V. , Madescu G.
Published: March 2019

Analysis and control of electrical and mechanical behavior of electrical machines devoted to capture the wing energy is a subject of huge interest nowadays, due to the need to respond to the actual demands related to green energy, more specific to the demand to convert the mechanical wind energy into electrical energy. The working regime of a permanent magnet synchronous generator associated with a wind turbine under a variable wind profile is investigated in this paper starting from the reality that the wind speed and especially its variation generate significant electrical and mechanical loads in the system, which could lead to various damages. A new and effective analytical technique, namely the Optimal Auxiliary Functions Method is employed to obtain approximate analytical solutions to the governing equations which are expressed in non-dimensional form. It is found that the analytical results obtained by means of our new method agree very well with numerical integration results, if an appropriate number of convergence-control parameters are employed in the construction of the auxiliary functions. A detailed analysis of the convergence of approximate analytical solutions is developed and it is concluded that the convergence of solutions greatly depends on the number of convergence-control parameters, whose optimal values are rigorously determined using various reliable procedures. Several numerical examples are developed in order to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approach, which proves to be highly efficient and controls the convergence of the approximate solutions, ensuring a very fast convergence after only one iteration.
In pursuit of a secure UI: The cycle of breaking and fixing Android’s UI
Authors: Bove Davide , Kalysch Anatoli
Published: March 2019

Hijacking user clicks and touch gestures has become a common attack vector and offers a stealthy approach at escalating the privileges of a process without raising red flags among users or AV software. Exploits falling into this category are categorized as clickjacking attacks and have gained increased popularity on mobile devices, Android being the recent victim of a series of UI vulnerabilities.

Focusing on the Android OS this paper highlights previous and current UI-based attack vectors and finishes with an overview of security mechanisms, covering both system-wide as well as app-level protection measures.
Phylogeography of Miniopterus fuliginosus (Chiroptera) with special reference to Jeju Island, South Korea
Authors: Endo Kanako , Iida Keisuke , Nunome Mitsuo , Kim Yoo-Kyung , Han Sang-Hyun , Sohn Joon-Hyuk , Ohmori Yasushige , Oh Hong-Shik , Kimura Junpei , Hondo Eiichi
Published: March 2019

To better understand the genetic relatedness of the eastern bent-wing bat Miniopterus fuliginosus across East Asia, mitochondrial D-loop sequences were analyzed from 39 M. fuliginosus individuals living on Jeju Island, South Korea. Seven different haplotypes were identified. Neighbor-joining analysis was performed and divergence time was calculated in combination with available online data on D-loop and ND2 sequences of M. fuliginosus in East Asia, respectively. Results suggest that M. fuliginosus populations living on Jeju Island and in Japan originated from China in the past 20,000 years.
Spurred by Threats or Afraid of War? A Survey Experiment on Costs of Conflict in Support for Military Action
Authors: Gleditsch Kristian Skrede , Tago Atsushi , Tanaka Seiki
Published: March 2019

It is commonly assumed that perceived threats from a rival state will make individuals more likely to “rally-round-the-flag” and support military action. Previous studies have looked at how information about threats affects public support for military action. To date, however, there has been less attention to how information about the costs of conflict affects support for military action in response to threats. In this article, we present a survey experiment designed to evaluate how information about the likely military and economic costs of conflict influences support for military action. We provide Japanese respondents with information about relations with China, and probe how support for military action in the context of the ongoing territorial dispute changes with varying information on the military costs of conflict and its economic consequences. We find that information about trade ties and military capacity exerts a pacifying effect and strengthens opposition to military action. Consistent with our proposed mechanism, we show that greater awareness of military costs is associated with stronger opposition to military action. Our results indicate that even under the existence of external threats, greater awareness of the costs of conflict affects attitudes to military action and can increase support for peaceful solutions to territorial rivalries.
99mTc(I) carbonyl-radiolabeled lipid based drug carriers for temozolomide delivery and bioevaluation by in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Arı Kadir , Uçar Eser , İçhedef Çiğdem , Yurt Kılçar Ayfer , Medine Emin İlker , Parlak Yasemin , Sayıt Bilgin Bedriye Elvan , Aydın Burcu , Gümüşer Fikriye Gül , Teksöz Serap
Published: March 2019

In preclinical research radiolabeled nanoparticles have been attracting interest as a new class of imaging probes. Assuming good stability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) under physiological conditions, radiolabeled SLNs can be used for imaging and measuring uptake in target tissue. Present study was performed to evaluate biological behavior of temozolomide (TMZ) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN-TMZ) in vivo and in vitro. Lipid nanoparticles were prepared by emulsification and low-temperature solidification method. ζ potential, morphology and particle size of nanoparticles were determined. Biological behavior of 99mTc(CO)3
+ radiolabeled SLN-TMZ were investigated in vitro on U87/Daoy cell lines and in vivo on female Wistar Albino rats. Obtained results of in vitro incorporation, in vivo biodistribution and gamma imaging studies on radiolabeled SLN-TMZ show that the radiolabeled solid lipid nanoparticles could have potential as a drug delivery system for TMZ.
Charles S. Peirce’s sign typology of 1903 and the semeiotic of universe, man, and culture
Authors: Sørensen Bent , Thellefsen Torkild , Thellefsen Martin , Nurma Dewi Amalia
Published: March 2019

This article offers an interpretation of Peirce’s pan-semeiotic view of the universe. According to Peirce, the entire universe is composed of signs or processes of signification (see for example CP 5.448 footnote). The consequence of this can be seen as twofold: processes of signification have a naturalistic foundation and the universe has an inherent semeiotic character. Peirce understands the universe as depending on the relationship between things, which can become signs and signs, can only become interpreted by other signs and so on ad infinitum (CP 8.191; see also Fisch 1986). Furthermore, man himself is a symbol, says Peirce, and, of course, the cultures of which he is a member must also be interpenetrated and work by the logic of signs. Hence, universe, man, and culture come together because of the sign relation having a rationale in a strong ontology. Or put in other words: Peirce’s sign is truly general and ontological and he sees continuity wherever he looks and for him there is no absolute separation between the processes of the universe, the existence of man, and culture mediating between the first mentioned. Peirce himself did not, however, to the best of our knowledge, explicitly unfold this semeiotic relationship between universe, man, and culture, and the aim of the following is to show a glimpse of this semeiotic relationship also remembering, to some extent, the ontological rationale it purports to yield with its metaphysical synechism. We see the glimpse of the relationship between universe, man, and culture from Peirce’s three sign trichotomies of 1903 where we find some of his most mature thoughts concerning semeiotic.
An intuitive skewness-based symmetry test applicable to stationary time series data
Authors: Hartigan Luke
Published: March 2019

I propose a simple skewness-based test of symmetry suitable for a stationary time series. The test is based on the difference between the squared deviation of a process above its median with that below it. The test has many attractive features: it is applicable to weakly dependent processes, it has a familiar form, it can be implemented using regression, and it has a standard Gaussian limiting distribution under the null hypothesis of symmetry. The finite sample properties of the test statistic are examined via Monte Carlo simulation and suggest that it has better size-adjusted power compared to competing tests in the literature when examining moderately persistence processes. I apply the test to a range of US economic and financial data and find stronger support for asymmetry in financial series compared to economic series.
Similarity Solutions for the Complex Burgers’ Hierarchy
Authors: Halder Amlan K. , Paliathanasis A. , Rangasamy S. , Leach P.G.L.
Published: March 2019

A detailed analysis of the invariant point transformations for the first four partial differential equations which belong to the complex Burgers’ hierarchy is performed. Moreover, a detailed application of the reduction process through the Lie-point symmetries is presented while we construct the similarity solutions. We conclude that the differential equations of our consideration are reduced to first-order equations such as the Abel, Riccati, and to a linearisable second-order differential equation by using similarity transformations.
The Effect of Grain Size and Shape on Sliding Friction of Wet Granular Media
Authors: Aliasgari Mojgan , Maleki-Jirsaraei Nahid , Rouhani Shahin
Published: March 2019

The wet granular material creates networks in which interstitial liquid provides capillary bridges needed to hold grains together. There is an optimal fraction of the interstitial liquid in which the bridges are formed and the friction coefficient is minimal. We found that the size of the grains affects the friction of wet granular media. Our observations demonstrates that the optimum volume fraction, in which the friction coefficient is minimized, increases with grain size, but for sand immersed in water, this minimum friction coefficient itself increases with size and for glass beads immersed in silicone oil it decreases, indicating that the shape of the grains also has an effect on this friction. It is also shown that there is a crossover point for grain size at which the network effect created by capillary bridges is dominated by wet granular media. This crossover point is found.
El principio pro homine como base para la legislación de medidas de protección de género
Authors: Córdova Pérez Laura Victoria , Córdova Aldás Víctor Hugo , Gómez Alvarado Héctor Fernando
Published: March 2019

Las medidas de protección son aquellas actitudes y decisiones que toma en cuenta el Estado a través de sus diversas instituciones públicas, a fin de hacer efectivo el cuidado y protección de la víctima de la agresión, con respecto a la agresión misma y a su agresor; son mecanismos que buscan brindar apoyo y protección a las víctimas de las agresiones e impedir la continuación de estas. El presente trabajo de investigación, busca establecer la situación actual referente al otorgamiento de medidas de protección, así como la aplicación del principio Pro Homine al momento de la emisión de las mismas, como fundamento filosófico de la eliminación de la vulnerabilidad en género. Este trabajo muestra definiciones y aplicación del principio además de conclusiones y recomendaciones en la toma de decisiones bajo su dilucidación.
Flow Rate Evaluation of Biplanar Geonets and Geonet Composites with a Recommended Generic Specification
Authors: Koerner Robert M. , Koerner George R.
Published: March 2019

Geonets and geonet composites (or simply geocomposites) have been quite successful in replacing sand drainage layers in many applications, particularly in landfill leachate collection situations in which space is at a premium. This article evaluates four commercially available biplanar geonets and finds remarkable similarity of one to another insofar as comparable flow rates are concerned. It also evaluates one of these products in two different thicknesses with six covering geotextile variations, indicating that geotextile intrusion is significant in reducing flow rates when testing under simulated field conditions, i.e., using compressible and flexible end platens. With the data generated, as well as collecting related physical and mechanical properties, a generic specification is included for this class of geosynthetic drainage products.
A Hypothetical Model Concerning How Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity Contributes to Neural Circuit Formation and Initiation of the Critical Period in Barrel Cortex
Authors: Kimura Fumitaka , Itami Chiaki
Published: March 2019

Spike timing is an important factor in the modification of synaptic strength. Various forms of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) occur in the brains of diverse species, from insects to humans. In unimodal STDP, only LTP or LTD occurs at the synapse, regardless of which neuron spikes first; the magnitude of potentiation or depression increases as the time between presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes decreases. This from of STDP may promote developmental strengthening or weakening of early projections. In bidirectional Hebbian STDP, the magnitude and the sign (potentiation or depression) of plasticity depend, respectively, on the timing and the order of presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes. In the rodent barrel cortex, multiple forms of STDP appear sequentially during development, and they contribute to network formation, retraction, or fine-scale functional reorganization. Hebbian STDP appears at L4-L2/3 synapses starting at postnatal day (P) 15; the synapses exhibit unimodal “all-LTP STDP” before that age. The appearance of Hebbian STDP at L4-L2/3 synapses coincides with the maturation of parvalbumin-containing GABA interneurons in L4, which contributes to the generation of L4-before-L2/3 spiking in response to thalamic input by producing fast feedforward suppression of both L4 and L2/3 cells. After P15, L4-L2/3 STDP mediates fine-scale circuit refinement, essential for the critical period in the barrel cortex. In this review, we first briefly describe the relevance of STDP to map plasticity in the barrel cortex, then look over roles of distinct forms of STDP during development. Finally, we propose a hypothesis that explains the transition from network formation to the initiation of the critical period in the barrel cortex.
Tipología textual y problemas matemáticos para fortalecer la comprensión lectora
Authors: Granados Villarraga Carlos Alex , Peñaranda Vargas Eulalia
Published: March 2019

Objetivo. El presente artículo es el resultado de una investigación cuyo objetivo es fortalecer la comprensión lectora mediante la implementación de una estrategia pedagógica desde las áreas de lenguaje en tercero de primaria y de matemáticas en sexto grado de la institución educativa Colegio Integrado Fe y Alegría del municipio de Los Patios, Norte de Santander.Metodología. El estudio propone acciones y estrategias pedagógicas de acuerdo con los resultados de las Pruebas Saber, en las que se evidenció que era necesario fortalecer los procesos de lectura en los estudiantes, motivándoles para crear hábitos, mediante la propuesta de intervención pedagógica “Tipología textual y resolución de problemas matemáticos”, con el fin de potenciar la comprensión lectora y mejorar los resultados de las Pruebas Saber y desempeños en las diferentes áreas del conocimiento.Resultados. El diseño metodológico utilizado durante el proceso fue la investigación acción con enfoque cualitativo, empleando los siguientes instrumentos para la recolección de la información: prueba diagnóstica, diario pedagógico y las rejillas de evaluación. Durante la aplicación de la intervención fue necesario la implementación de varios talleres pedagógicos, logrando finalmente una efectividad de la estrategia para fortalecer la comprensión lectora en un 75%, resultados alcanzados en los desempeños de los estudiantes, durante el primer
How Linked Selection Shapes the Diversity Landscape inFicedulaFlycatchers
Authors: Rettelbach Agnes , Nater Alexander , Ellegren Hans
Published: March 2019

The effect of selection on linked neutral sites is widely used to detect selected loci. While existing models provide a good description of the patterns expected from background selection or sweeps on a small...

There is an increasing awareness that selection affecting linked neutral sites strongly influences on how diversity is distributed across the genome. In particular, linked selection is likely involved in the formation of heterogenous landscapes of genetic diversity, including genomic regions with locally reduced effective population sizes that manifest as dips in diversity, and “islands” of differentiation between closely related populations or species. Linked selection can be in the form of background selection or selective sweeps, and a long-standing quest in population genetics has been to unveil the relative importance of these processes. Here, we analyzed the theoretically expected reduction of diversity caused by linked selection in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) genome and compared this with population genomic data on the distribution of diversity across the flycatcher genome. By incorporating data on recombination rate variation and the density of target sites for selection (including both protein-coding genes and conserved noncoding elements), we found that background selection can explain most of the observed baseline variation in genetic diversity. However, positive selection was necessary to explain the pronounced local diversity dips in the collared flycatcher genome. We confirmed our analytical findings by comprehensive simulations. Therefore, our study demonstrates that even though both background selection and selective sweeps contribute to the heterogeneous diversity landscape seen in this avian system, they play different roles in shaping it.
Pažvelgus į Mikalojaus Daukšos Katekizmo (1595) ir jo lenkiškojo originalo tekstų neatitikimus
Authors: Pajėdienė Jūratė
Published: March 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

The article discusses the inconsistencies between the first Lithuanian Catholic book, Mikalojus Daukša’s Catechism (DK, 1595), and its Polish original, and the reasons that caused these inconsistencies. From the perspective of the text’s origin, DK consists of two works of a different type and different authorship: KATHECHISMAS and Trumpas Budas Paſiſákimo. When comparing the Lithuanian texts of the books comprising this so called ‘convolute’ and the Polish original, it is not difficult to notice that DK (in particular its first part, Kathechismas) contains a number of insertions that do not appear in the Polish original. The analytic comparison between the texts and their originals enables us to describe Daukša as an author who was highly concerned with the logic, order and sound of the discourse. The entirety of the inconsistencies shows the translator’s efforts to render as understandable and coherent a text to the reader as possible and reveals the translator’s careful attention to the wording of theological propositions. The situation of coincidences and inconsistencies between the Decalogue presented in Kathechismas and the model of the Polish original is especially interesting. After the wording of the Decalogue presented in DK, which differs from the Polish original in lexical details or entire phrases, is compared with the Decalogue presented in the catechisms by Mažvydas (1547) and Vilentas (1579), an auxiliary role of those sources reveals in Daukša’s choice of the Decalogue’s sentence structure, certain phrases or individual lexical units.
Principles for designing accountability and responsibility plan in medical education that spreads across multiple sites
Authors: HangFu Lee , Nauhria Samal
Published: March 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In the era of higher competition, less clinical clerkship sites and a tighter budget, many off-shore and on-shore medical schools resort to multiple training sites to meet the needs of GMC requirements. The greatest hurdle is to maintain comparable training sites while providing the reliability and validity standards of the accreditation bodies. The lack of direct supervision and the dilution of visible accountability despite any existing organizational hierarchy structure has minimized the effectiveness of the educational program. In this paper, I have simplified and refocused the chain of command by identifying the pillars of a medical school; reiterate the importance of organizational hierarchy, communication between the pillars and within the departments, recharge the accountability directives, motivate self improvement, on-going research and individual responsibilities within and between each of the multiple sites achieving competitiveness and comparable One-University.
Dynamic response of concrete tanks under far-field, long-period earthquakes
Authors: Cheng Xuansheng , Jing Wei , Li De
Published: March 2019

The dynamic responses of rectangular concrete liquid-storage tanks under near-field and far-field, long-period (FFLP) earthquakes were comparatively studied using a shaking table. The effects of different seismic reduction methods were compared and the influence of limiting devices on sliding isolation was evaluated. Under a FFLP earthquake, the results showed that liquid sloshing was more likely to exhibit non-linear behaviour. Greater sloshing occurred in tanks with rubber isolation and sliding isolation with the spring limiting device than in the other types of tank. These two damping measures actually increased the sloshing height. Sliding isolation with the steel-bar limiting device significantly reduced the sloshing height, and sliding isolation produced greater horizontal displacement. However, the influence of a FFLP earthquake on other liquid sloshing responses was not remarkable. Sliding isolation with the steel-bar limiting device was found to have the most beneficial effect.
OSMANLI KARA TAŞIMACILIĞINDA DEVE VE TÜRKMEN DEVECİLER
Authors: SARI Arif
Published: March 2019

Osmanlı göçerleri,
yerleşikliğe bütünüyle uzak veya buna muhalif guruplar olarak tarif
edilemezler. Aksine onlar, başta ticaret olmak üzere pek çok alanda şehir ve
kasaba ahalisiyle karşılıklı ve daimî bir münasebet içerisindeydiler. Tacirlerin,
ülke sathında veya uluslararası ölçekte işleyen kervanlar için gerekli yük
hayvanlarını göçerlerden temin etmeleri, yerleşikler ile göçerler arasındaki
ticarî ilişkinin profesyonel kurallara göre işleyen safhasını oluşturuyordu.
Türkmen ve Yörük obaları sahip oldukları çok sayıdaki deve ve ihdas ettikleri
nakliye kurallarıyla Osmanlı ticarî transit taşımacılığında o derece hâkim
durumdaydılar ki; nakliye sektörü neredeyse onların tekellerinde bulunuyordu. Osmanlı hükûmeti
açısından da göçebeler yalnızca zengin bir vergi kaynağı değildi. Onlar, sair
reaya gibi bulundukları bölgelere ve ihtisaslarına göre merkezî hükûmet
tarafından talep edilen mal ve hizmetleri üretiyorlardı. Bilhassa hükûmet adına
yapılan taşımacılık işlerinde ilk olarak konargöçerlere müracaat edilirdi. Orman,
maden ve tuzla hasılatı, büyük şehirlerin iaşesi için gerekli olan zahire ile
özellikle sefere çıkan ordunun ağırlıklarının onlardan temin edilen develer
olmaksızın taşınması nerdeyse imkânsızdı. Bu itibarla Osmanlı ordusu, lojistik
ve taşıma hizmetleri bakımından göçer devecilere bağlıydı. Resmi nakliye
işlerinin büyük oranda aşiretler vasıtasıyla yürütülmesi, Osmanlı merkezî
hükûmeti ile aşiretler arasındaki münasebetin önemli bir boyutunu
oluşturuyordu.

Bu makalenin ana konusunu konargöçerlerin taşımacılık sahasındaki
faaliyetleri oluşturmaktadır. Göçebelerin, Osmanlı ticarî ve resmi
taşımacılığındaki yerlerini tayin etmeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada aynı zamanda
yerleşikler ve Osmanlı hükûmetiyle aşiretler arasındaki ilişkinin şekillenmesinde
kara taşımacılığının etkisi değerlendirilmeye gayret edilmektedir. Bu
karşılıklı münasebet, Türkmen devecilerin tüccar sınıfı ve devlet namına
yaptıkları kira karşılığı nakliye hizmetlerindeki benzerlik ve farklılıklar
üzerinden izah edilmeye çalışılmaktadır.
O Uso dos Marcadores Epigenéticos na Área Forense
Authors: Jéssica Sopran  , Fernando Russo Costa do Bomfim
Published: March 2019

A criminalística sempre busca inovar as suas ideias de maneira a esclarecer a autoria e execução de um crime, de forma inegável. Por um longo período, a pesquisa de polimorfismos na sequência de DNA satélites ou DNA mitocondrial vem sendo aplicada na identificação criminal. Entretanto, esses métodos carregam limitações, apesar de serem frequentemente utilizados na identificação forense. Desta forma, este estudo visa a possibilidade da utilização de técnicas epigenéticas complementares as técnicas normalmente utilizadas na genética forense. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é descrever o uso de marcadores epigenéticos, em particular a metilação do DNA na prática forense. Como metodologia do trabalho foi realizada uma revisão de literatura existente sobre o assunto, como o acesso a artigos publicados em periódicos disponibilizados em bases de dados como SciELO, PubMed, MEDLIN, com os seguintes descritores segundo o Decs: medicina forense, identificação humana e epigenética. A análise de alterações epigenéticas, pode ser uma ferramenta útil para a identificação de indivíduos, possibilita a avaliação de como e quando o material biológico foi exposto à cena de crime, além de estimatimar a idade dos envolvidos. Com base na revisão efetuada constata-se que a técnica baseada na metilação do DNA tem especificidade superior aos testes proteicos, pois elimina a detecção cruzada, evitando falsos positivos, e podem ser vistas como ferramentas valiosas e complementares nos estudos de genética forense, trazendo uma vantagem adicional aos métodos existentes. No entanto, outros estudos ainda devem ser desenvolvidos para que se tenha uma melhor caracterização do padrão de metilação humana.
ADSORPTION OF URANIUM SIMULATION WASTE USING BENTONITE:TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Authors: Basuki Kris Tri , Hasnowo Lutfi Aditya , Jamayanti Elza
Published: March 2019

ADSORPTION OF URANIUM SIMULATION WASTE USING BENTONITE TANIUM DIOXIDE. Bentonite is a clay material of high surface area that have galleries within its structure. Bentonite that is modified with TiO2 will have high adsorption capability. In this study, natural bentonite and bentonite:TiO2 were characterized with FTIR, XRD and BET instruments to determine functional group, basal spacing, and specific surface area. This study also investigates the adsorption of bentonite:TiO2 in various environmental factors, such as pH (pH 1, 3, 5, and 8), contact time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 90, and 120 min), and initial uranium concentration (20, 40, 60, 80 ppm), and their influences on adsorption capacity, and determine the kinetics equation and adsorption isotherm. Based on FTIR analysis, a decrease in the band of O-H bond from water molecule was observed, which indicates the presence of TiO2 in bentonite interlayer structure. The XRD characterization of bentonite:TiO2 does not show diffraction peak in 001 plane. This is due to delamination of bentonite interlayer structure. Delamination is caused by the presence of TiO2 in large quantities, thus damaging the bentonite interlayer structure into irregular sheets. Bentonite as sheets will cause the basal spacing to increase and it is anticipated that XRD will find it difficult in detecting the 001 plane at a low 2 theta angle. The surface area of bentonite:TiO2 has increased by 12.04 m2/g. The maximum adsorption capacity of U(VI) took place at pH 5.0 for 70 minutes contact time and uranium concentration of 60 ppm. In this study, the adsorption kinetic and adsorption isotherm are pseudo second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic constant and maximum adsorption capacity of bentonite:TiO2 are 0.075 g/mg.min and 5.848 mg/g respectively.Keywords: Bentonite, TiO2, Adsorption, Uranium
OKULÖNCESİ ÇOCUKLARINDA DOĞA ALGISI
Authors: KÖŞKER Nilüfer
Published: March 2019

Erken çocukluk dönemi doğa sevgisi ve doğa bilincinin
kazandırılacağı kritik bir dönemdir. Erken yaşlarda doğa ile etkileşim; çocuğun
sağlıklı gelişiminin yanı sıra doğaya karşı farkındalık, bağlılık ve ekolojik
sorumluluğun gelişmesi açısından olumlu sonuçlara yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın
amacı, okul öncesi çocuklarının doğayı nasıl algıladıklarını belirlemektir.
Araştırmanın verileri okulöncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 100 çocuktan
toplanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplamak için çocuklar tarafından çizilen doğa
resimleri ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Görüşme
verileri ve çocukların çizdikleri resimler, nitel veri analiz yöntemlerinden
içerik analizi kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. 
Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre çocuklar için doğa, hayvanların
ve bitkilerin bulunduğu, insan yaşamının dışında, uzakta bir ortamdır. Doğadaki
temel ilişkiler hakkında yeterli bir algı düzeyinde bulunmayan çocuklar, daha
çok nesne odaklı bir doğa anlayışına sahiptirler. Bu bağlamda sınıf ve okul
dışı doğa etkinliklerinin okul öncesi öğretim programının içeriğine dâhil
edilmesi ve doğanın çocuk için bu deneyimler yoluyla bir öğrenme ve yaşam alanı
haline dönüştürülmesi önerilmektedir.
BEYİN TEMELLİ ÖĞRETİMİNİN ÖZEL YETENEKLİ ÖĞRENCİLERİN YARATICILIKLARINA VE ELEŞTİREL DÜŞÜNMELERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: Yaman Yavuz , Emir Serap
Published: March 2019

Bu
araştırmada, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin akademik ve zihinsel ihtiyaçlarına
cevap verebilecek beyin temelli öğrenme yaklaşımını temel alan
farklılaştırılmış eğitim programının geliştirmesi, uygulanması ve etkililiğinin
sınamak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, 5. Sınıfa devam eden 12’si deney, 12’si kontrol
olmak üzere 24 özel yetenekli öğrenci ile bu öğrencilere örgün eğitim veren
Beyazıt Ford Otosan İlköğretim Okulunda yapılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında
verilerin toplanması için Cornell Eleştirel Düşünme Ölçeği, Torrance Yaratıcı
Düşünme Testi kullanılmıştır. Bahsi geçen testler deney ve kontrol grubu
öğrencilerine öntest ve sontest olarak verilmiştir. Toplanan verilere uygun
istatistikî analiz teknikleri uygulanarak araştırma sonuçları elde edilmiştir.
Bu araştırma sonucunda eleştirel düşünme becerilerinden tümevarım (z=-2,302,
p<0.05), tümdengelim (z=-2,072, p<0.05), varsayım (z=-2,294, p<0.05)
ve toplam  (z=-2,227, p<0.05) puan
düzeylerinin deney grubu lehine anlamlı farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. Yaratıcı
düşünme becerilerinden akıcılık (z=-2.180, p<0.05) , Başlıkların soyutluluğu
(z=-2.865, p<0.01), ve toplam (z=-3.302, p<0.01) test puanlarında
istatistiksel açıdan deney grubu lehine anlamlı farka rastlanmıştır