bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vpliv neformalne in formalne izobrazbe staršev na učni uspeh mladostnika – Družinske značilnosti in izobrazba
Authors: Lešnik Snežana
Published: July 2016

Neformalno in formalno znanje sta dejavnika, ki v današnji informacijski družbi bistveno vplivata na osebnostni razvoj posameznika in s tem posredno na njegovo družino. Izhajamo iz predpostavke, da je učni uspeh mladostnika odvisen tudi od neformalne in formalne izobrazbe staršev. Postavlja se vprašanje, ali imajo v današnjem času vsi prost dostop do izobraževanja in ali vsi čutijo potrebo po vseživljenjskem izobraževanju. Rezultati številnih raziskav, vključno z raziskavo, ki je predstavljena v članku, potrjujejo, da so možnosti vzpona mladostnikov, ki izhajajo iz manj izobraženih družin, po družbeni lestvici s pomočjo izobrazbe, neprimerno manjše kot pri njihovih vrstnikih, ki izhajajo iz bolj izobraženih družin.
Usposobljenost za delo v izobraževanju odraslih in razvoj kariere
Authors: Javrh Petra
Published: July 2016

Ker vemo, da so se razmere v družbi spremenile, zagotovo vemo tudi, da se bodo posledično spremenile tudi zahteve glede profesionalnih veščin predvsem tistih profesij, ki so tesneje odvisne od družbenih razmer. Poklic učitelja je v tem kontekstu gotovo eden od najbolj občutljivih. Kot opažamo, vse več učiteljev otrok in mladine začenja videti kot del svojega profesio- nalnega dela tudi izobraževanje odraslih. Vprašanje je, ali je to bolj dodatek, honorarno delo in priložnost za premoščanje hudih časov ali nova karierna priložnost in resno strokovno srečevanje s koherentnim področjem, ki zahteva nekaj povsem specifičnih znanj in pristopov. V prispevku prikazujemo pestrost pričakovanj bodočih učiteljev, ki se v izobraževanje vključu- jejo z zelo različnih strokovnih področij.
Teoretska izhodišča za pripravo izobraževalnih programov za življenje v multikulturni družbi
Authors: Kožar Klara
Published: July 2016

Živimo v večkulturnih družbah, kar pogosto vzbuja negotovost, strahove, predsodke. Kot pot k zmanjšanju te negotovosti in k povečanju sožitja ter kooperacije med kulturami predlagamo interkulturno učenje. Medkulturno učenje lahko razumemo bodisi kot individualen proces pridobivanja znanja, spremembo odnosa ter načina obnašanja v interakciji z drugimi kulturami bodisi kot proces ustvarjanja mirnega in povezanega skupnega življenja ljudi, ki izhajajo iz različnih okolij. Namen razprave je predstaviti medkulturno učenje in temeljna teoretska izhodišča, ki bi služila za pripravo izobraževalnih programov za življenje v multikulturni družbi.
Splošna knjižnica – priložnost za vseživljenjsko učenje. Ponudba dejavnosti za odrasle v Knjižnici Cirila Kosmača Tolmin
Authors: Štendler Jožica
Published: July 2016

Zakon o knjižničarstvu (2001) je razvoj storitev splošnih knjižnic usmeril v organiziranje dejavnosti za vseživljenjsko izobraževanje, k spodbujanju bralne kulture in v organizacijo kulturnih prireditev. Zlasti manjše knjižnice si v svojih lokalnih okoljih prizadevajo postati informacijsko-izobraževalna središča in hkrati prostori druženja. Članek predstavlja dejavnosti, s katerimi poskuša Knjižnica Cirila Kosmača Tolmin zadovoljiti intelektualne in kulturne potrebe svojih odraslih uporabnikov. Primer manjše knjižnice dokazuje, da se kulturno poslanstvo in izobraževalna funkcija neposredno povezujeta ter prepletata s socialno vlogo, ki jo ima knjižnica v življenju posameznika in lokalne skupnosti.
Pomen in izhodišča vseživljenjske karierne orientacije
Authors: Grcić Denis
Published: July 2016

Prispevek obravnava vseživljenjsko karierno orientacijo, ki se v širšem smislu ne nanaša le na izbiro poklica ali enkratno izbiro poklica, temveč na dinamično aktivnost nudenja pomoči posameznikom v njihovem poklicnem razvoju. Skozi svoje aktivnosti pomaga posamezniku pri usmeritvi za izbiro poklica skladno z njegovimi sposobnostmi, naravo poklica in družbenimi potrebami. Posameznika prav tako usmerja na področje dela, ki najbolj ustreza njegovim psihofizičnim lastnostim in kjer ima največ možnosti za uspeh.
Študij andragogike in izobraževanje andragogov
Authors: Krajnc Ana
Published: July 2016

Več je bilo vzrokov za to, da je v povojnem obdobju primanjkovalo izobraženih ljudi. Država je načrtno in pospešeno razvijala industrijo, zato je primanjkovalo kvalificiranih delavcev. Vojno obdobje je marsikomu preprečilo dokončanje šolanja. Poleg tega so bili izobraženci pogostejše žrtve vojne kot preostalo prebivalstvo. Zato je bilo na zavodih za zaposlovanje povpraševanje po usposobljenih delavcih večje kot ponudba. Posledično se je izobraževanje odraslih v praksi hitro razvijalo. Praktiki so iskali strokovno podporo in ustrezno literaturo. Leta 1956 so v Zagrebu na Filozofski fakulteti uvedli v okviru študija pedagogike prva predavanja andragogike v takratni Jugoslaviji. Profesor Mihajlo Ogrizović kot nosilec predmeta je študij v naslednjih letih podprl z objavo prvih knjig s področja andragogike: Metode obrazovanja odraslih in Problemi andragogije. Leta 1960 je nastala katedra za andragogiko na Filozofski fakulteti v Beogradu (profesorja Dušan Savičević in Borivoj Samolovčev). Za raziskovanje na področju izobraževanja odraslih sem se odločila med službovanjem na Inštitutu za sociologijo (1967), ko sem se pridružila takrat pri nas prvi mednarodni komparativni raziskavi Izobraževanje odraslih, socialna mobilnost in družbena participacija. S predavanji obče andragogike in andragoške didaktike smo v Ljubljani začeli leta 1972 na Oddelku za pedagogiko Filozofske fakultete. Leta 1976 je študij andragogike postal ena od študijskih smeri na oddelku. V študijskem letu 1993/94 smo uvedli samostojni enopredmetni študij andragogike. Ministrstvo za šolstvo in šport je novi študijski program potrdilo v okviru evropskega projekta Tempus. Na oblikovanje študijskih programov so vplivali najbolj znani inštituti in oddelki za izobraževanje odraslih v razvitem svetu (Oddelek za andragogiko Univerze v Montrealu, Evropski Bureau for Adult education v Londonu, Wellington College v Oxfordu, Institute for Andragology v Amsterdamu, Oddelek za andragogiko Karlove univerze v Pragi itd.). To nam je zagotavljalo, da je študij na mednarodni ravni. Enoletna postdoktorska specializacija na Inštitutu v Torontu (1971) je priprave na predavanja dokončno zaokrožila. Strokovna in znanstvena literatura iz andragogike se je pomnožila. Andragogika je dobila svoje mesto v nacionalnem raziskovalnem programu. Vzporedno smo raziskovali v mednarodnih raziskavah prek UNESCA, ICAE (International Council for Adult Education) in projektov EU. Študij andragogike se je ponovno preoblikoval v okviru bolonjske reforme visokega šolstva v zadnjih letih.
Razumevanje učenja odraslih iz ranljivih skupin v okviru kognitivnih teorij učenja
Authors: Kuran Manuel
Published: July 2016

Kognitivne teorije učenja so se v sredini prejšnjega stoletja uveljavile kot kritika behaviorizma, kasneje pa so jih izpodrinile konstrukcionistične in konektivistične teorije učenja. V zadnjih dveh desetletjih so zaradi novih metodoloških možnosti psihološke raziskave kognicije doživele preporod. V prispevku so predstavljene izbrane raziskave s področij, ki se na različne načine dotikajo izobraževanja odraslih: postformalna faza kognitivnega razvoja, kognitivno staranje, pomen kristalizirane inteligentnosti v odraslem obdobju in raziskovanje učnih stilov. Prispevek zaključujejo raziskave s področja pismenosti ranljivih družbenih skupin in sklepno poglavje, v katerem so poudarjena uporabna dognanja za raziskovalce in izobraževalce v praksi. Prispevek se vsebinsko napaja iz dveh ločenih virov. Prvi vir so Strokovne podlage za konceptualizacijo multimedijskih vsebin, ki so bile pripravljene na Andragoškem centru Slovenije v okviru projekta Razvoj pismenosti ter ugotavljanje in priznavanje neformalnega učenja od 2009 do 2011. Teoretični del strokovnih podlag je zajemal tudi kognitivne vidike učenja odraslih, ki so ogrodje pričujočega prispevka. Drugi vir je avtorjevo osebno udejstvovanje na področju kognitivne psihologije, bolje rečeno kognitivnih znanosti, kjer se še danes učenju in izobraževanju odraslih iz ranljivih skupin pripisuje marginalna raziskovalna vloga.
Transformativno učenje v partnerskih odnosih na prehodu v starševstvo
Authors: Rijavec Klobučar Nataša
Published: July 2016

Prispevek prikazuje rezultate kvalitativne raziskave, katere namen je bil proučiti, kako in kaj se partnerja učita ob izkušnji prehoda v starševstvo in kako je s spremembami ob tej izkušnji povezano transformativno učenje. Teorija transformativnega učenja razlaga, kako se odrasli učijo ob spreminjanju pomenov lastnim izkušnjam. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 12 parov. Uporabljena je bila biografska metoda.
Rezultati kažejo, da v partnerskem odnosu na prehodu v starševstvo poteka transformativno učenje na različnih področjih v povezavi s spremembami, ki se zgodijo ob rojstvu prvega otroka. Avtorica izpostavi transformativno učenje v povezavi z odnosi z izvorno družino, oblikovanjem starševske identitete in porazdelitvijo gospodinjskega dela. Rezultati kažejo povezave med čustveno dimenzijo doživljanja in učenjem ter učenjem in oblikovanjem novih pomenov na življenjski prelomnici.
Raziskovanje kompleksnih upravljavskih problemov – primer vrednotenja politik
Authors: Radej Bojan
Published: July 2016

Spoznanje, da je družba postala kompleksna, pomeni, da resnica o družbenih zadevah kot o tem, kaj je skupno dobro ali kako uspešno je njegovo doseganje, ni več ena sama, tista na oblasti, ampak o pomembnih stvareh obstaja več do- bro utemeljenih in enako veljavnih resnic. Zadeve iz domene javnega upravljanja so kompleksne, zato različni pogledi nimajo skupnega imenovalca in jih je treba obravnavati kot nesomerne oziroma globoke in nepremostljive. Družbene pojave je zato treba proučevati v zlatem rezu njihove dvojnosti, razpenjajoči se med razlago primarnih pomenov, ki so za sistem konstitutivni, vendar na nesomeren in razdvajajoč način, in razlago sekundarnih pomenov, ki edini podajajo celovit pogled na vrednoteni pojav, vendar le v vsebinah, ki za nikogar niso bistvene.
Nacionalne prioritete in usposabljanje strokovnih delavcev za izobraževanje odraslih v Sloveniji
Authors: Perme Ema
Published: July 2016

Usposobljenost strokovnih delavcev v izobraževanju odraslih je eden od dejavnikov kakovosti, ki pripomore k vključevanju v vseživljenjsko učenje. Ugotavljamo rast vključevanja v neformalne programe za odrasle, pa vendar zmanjševanje vlaganj javnih financ v splošno neformalno izobraževanje odraslih glede na načrte (Analiza ReNPIO 2005–2008, 2010). Pri odraslih se, poleg primanjkljaja izobrazbe, spretnosti in poklicnih ter strokovnih kompetenc, ki je pogostejše pri nižjeizobraženih in skupinah posebne družbene skrbi (odrasli s posebnimi potrebami, drugače ranljive in marginalne skupine, Romi in raz- lične etnične skupnosti …), srečujemo še s situacijskimi in dispozicijskimi ovirami. Te ustvarjajo temeljne ovire za uspešno vključevanje v vseživljenjsko učenje, kar pa pogosto pogojuje tudi razvoj temeljnih zmožnosti. Izobraževanje odraslih z ustrezno usposobljenimi strokovnjaki je eden od pomembnih družbenih mehanizmov za doseganje ciljev, opredeljenih v strateških dokumentih Evropske unije. Pred nami so velika vprašanja, saj nacionalna zakonodaja pomanjkljivo opredeljuje potrebno izobrazbo, znanje in kompetence strokovnih delavcev v izobraževanju odraslih (ZOFVI, 1996 s sprem.; ZIO, 1996 s sprem.), nekoliko doslednejša je nacionalna politika izpopolnjevanja in usposabljanja strokovnih delavcev za posebne izobraževalne programe za odrasle z javno veljavnostjo in dejavnosti izobraževanja odraslih (t. i. infrastrukturne dejavnosti: informiranje in svetovanje, samostojno učenje, kakovost …).
Pomembni subjekti evalvacije v praktičnem usposabljanju
Authors: Govekar-Okoliš Monika , Kranjčec Renata
Published: July 2016

V prispevku je na kratko prikazan pomen evalvacije v praktičnem usposabljanju. Posebej se bomo osredotočili na prak- tično usposabljanje v delovnih organizacijah. Spoznali bomo subjekte evalvacije, torej kdo vse evalvira v praktičnem usposabljanju. Predstavili bomo, koga ali kaj se evalvira ter kako. Prikazali bomo tudi dve vrsti evalvacij in načine evalvacij v praktičnem usposabljanju. Nazadnje pa bomo opisali, v čem so sploh prednosti oz. koristi praktičnega usposabljanja za različne subjekte.
Digitalne razlike in e-izobraževanje
Authors: Radovan Marko , Dinevski Dejan
Published: July 2016

Informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije (IKT) se z namenom razširitve dostopa do izobraževanja odraslih lahkouporabljajo na mnoge načine. IKT, zlasti internet, spreminja vse vidike življenja in delovanja sodobne družbe. Spletnoučenje v razvitem svetu se širi in postaja vse pomembnejša oblika poučevanja in učenja, vendar je uporaba IKT vučnem procesu večinoma delna in nepovezana. Kvalitativne spremembe v uporabi IKT v izobraževanju (z integracijoračunalniško podprtih oblik komunikacije in interakcije ter informacijskih virov zunaj tradicionalnega izobraževalnegaokolja) še niso bile v celoti dosežene. E-izobraževanje zunaj formalnih okoliščin je pogosto povezano z izboljšanjempismenosti odraslih in osnovnega izobraževanja. Nova tehnologija se lahko uporabi za številne izobraževalne programeza odrasle, ki se izobraževanja sicer ne morejo udeležiti, lahko pa je tudi pomembno orodje informiranja in svetovanja.Izobraževalce odraslih na tem področju čakajo še mnogi izzivi, npr. kako razširiti dostop do IKT na podeželju in manjrazvitih območjih, kako izboljšati digitalne kompetence in kako oblikovati e-učenje, ki bo dostopno vsem udeležencem.
»Če želim, da bi bilo drugače, moram nekaj spremeniti« - svetovalna delavnica za (dolgotrajno) brezposelne osebe
Authors: Gabor Peter
Published: July 2016

Zdi se, da je prevladujoči pristop h kariernemu in zaposlitvenemu svetovanju v Sloveniji pristop socialne učinkovitosti, za katerega se izkazuje, da je preveč enostranski. Delavnica »Drugače« udeležence nagovarja predvsem prek pristopov osebnega razvoja (vključno s konstruktivizmom) in socialnega rekonstruktivizma. Naslanja se na sodobna znanstvena in strokovna dognanja: novejše teorije motivacije, vključitev ustvarjalnosti posameznika v proces kariernega svetovanja, časovne perspektive, kreiranje lastnega življenja, pomen čustev. Udeleženci se je udeležujejo z veseljem, svetovalci jo radi vodijo. Udeleženci bolje spoznajo sami sebe in naredijo nekatere transformacije v svojih stališčih, doživljanju, prepričanjih in aktivnostih.
Učinkovit menedžment znanja kot podlaga za celosten znanjski inženiring - Znanje kot ključni kapital organizacije
Authors: Lazović Svetlana
Published: July 2016

Menedžment znanja v ospredje postavlja človeške vire in načrtno zvišuje njihovo vrednost. V očeh sodobnih menedžer- jev znanje pomeni najvišjo vrednoto. Učinkovito vodenje in upravljanje procesov znanja je njihova osrednja dejavnost; hkrati je tudi najvidnejša značilnost znanjskih organizacij. Znanje, podobno kot inovativnost in ustvarjalnost, je treba spodbujati in z njim ravnati na primerne načine. Zavezanost k pridobivanju novega znanja je odvisna od upravljanja medsebojnih odnosov, zato so skrbniki znanjskih procesov, t. i. sodobni menedžerji znanja, usmerjeni k vzpostavljanju partnerskih odnosov z vsemi člani organizacije. V središču partnerskega odnosa so posameznikove kompetence in ustvarjalna izraba znanja. Vodenje v znanjskih organizacijah s spodbujanjem k učenju, razpravi in medsebojni izme- njavi mnenj, ne nazadnje pa k osebnostnemu in profesionalnemu razvoju zaposlenih, izboljšuje kakovost dela. Slednje rezultira v razvijanju novih znanj in dvigu konkurenčnosti.
Izobraževalni vidiki človeškega zdravja v odraslosti
Authors: Gaweł Anna
Published: July 2016

Članek obravnava tematiko zdravja v  izobraževanju odraslih. Izhodišče razprave je sodobno pojmovanje  zdravja, ki se uveljavlja v družbenih vedah in se razume  kot fizična, psihosocialna in duhovna dobrobit. Poudarjena je tudi misel, da je zdravje  proces in da zdravstveno stanje določajo tako subjektivni kot okoljski dejavniki. To odpira vrata  teoriji salutogeneze, povezani s prepričanjem, da je zdravje mogoče izboljšati s pomočjo zdravstvene vzgoje in promocije zdravja. Koncept okoljskih  in socio-kulturnih dejavnikov, ki odločajo o zdravju in vprašanja, ki se nanašajo na z zdravjem povezani vidik kakovosti življenja, so tudi uporabljeni kot referenčni okvir in teoretska podlaga za  to pedagoško razpravo o zdravju kot predmetu izobraževanja odraslih.
Paradoksi narativne metode pri raziskovanju učenja in situ
Authors: Ličen Nives
Published: July 2016

Zanimanje za učenje v vsakdanjem življenju ali učenje in situ se je stopnjevalo v zadnjih 20 letih in postaja pomembno področje andragoških raziskav. To implicira uporabo novih raziskovalnih metod. V članku je predstavljen pomen biografskih narativnih pristopov v raziskavah učenja in situ odraslih. Z analizo pripovedi življenjske zgodbe pokažemo uporabnost in heterogenost narativnih pristopov ter pomen poslušanja pri zbiranju gradiva. Poudarjena sta senzibilnost do pripovedovalca in predajanje moči pripovedovalčevemu glasu kot sporočilu (opolnomočenje). Narativna metoda omogoča preiskovanje izkušenj in refleksivno ustvarjanje pomenov in je le navidezno hitra in lahkotna. V sklepnem delu predstavimo nekatere paradokse narativne metode.
Zgodbe o ustvarjalnem učenju med utopijo in vsakdanjostjo
Authors: Ličen Nives
Published: July 2016

Inovacije, ki vključujejo človeka kot telesno in duhovno bitje ter izhajajo iz prepleta zavestnega in nezavednega, so nujne, če želimo razvijati trajnostno in pravično  kulturo kot protiutež divjemu potrošništvu. Temu sledi tudi učenje. Od mehanicističnih pristopov prenosa informacij se premikamo v smer iskanja dialoga pri upravljanju informacij v prostoru in času. Od izobraževanja kot prenosa znanja se gibljemo v smeri ustvarjanja znanja in pomenov ter kritične refleksije. Pregled sodobnih odnosov v tako imenovanem razvitem svetu kaže, da o življenju prepogosto razmišljamo skozi prizmo monokulture finančnih trgov, ki med ljudmi ustvarja take odnose kot med potrošniki in trgovci. Monokultura je postala tako močna, da tudi o učenju razmišljamo kot o dejavnosti prodaje in nakupa ter nadvlade posameznih skupin (ki lahko prodajajo znanje) nad drugimi skupinami
Recent research on early farming in central Europe
Authors: Bogucki Peter
Published: July 2016

Farming communities were established in many parts of central Europe Between approximately 5600 and 4500 BC. Although these communities have been studied for over a century, much more remains to be learned about them. This article will provide an overview of the history of this research, some important recent discoveries, and a sense of the ongoing debate about the origins of these agricultural communities.
Changes in the production and use of pottery from the Early Neolithic to the ‘secondary products revolution’: some evidence from LN Makriyalos, Northern Greece
Authors: Vlachos Dimitrios
Published: July 2016

Recent developments in pottery studies have altered the way archaeologists handle and interpret prehistoric pottery. The technology and use of pottery, the symbolic and social meaning of the pot are considered as anthropological phenomena, the products of human action. Excavations at Late Neolithic Makriyalos offered the opportunity to explore from a new perspective several aspects of neolithic society in Greece in terms of the use, function, distribution and discard of pottery.
Another Neolithic in Holocene Japan
Authors: Nishida Masaki
Published: July 2016

In the Japanese Islands, small sedentary villages sustained by hunting, gathering, fish- ing and cultivation emerged around 10 000 years ago. This life style of the Jomon people continued for around 7000 years without any drastic changes in material culture, subsistence strategy and vil- lage size until the diffusion of continental civilization into Japan approximately 2500 years ago. This indicates that the incipient sedentary society of the Jomon Period was very stable, a state which is not indicative of civilized society after that time. After the prehistoric situation in Japan, we are able to classify sedentary society into two phases; sedentism with stability and sedentism with instability (civilized society). Therefore it is possible to say that the emergence of sedentism and cultivation are not direct factors which promote the emergence of civilization.
Identification of animal fats via compound specific δ13C values of individual fatty acids: assessments of results for reference fats and lipid extracts of archaeological pottery vessels
Authors: Evershed Richard P. , Dudd Stephanie N. , Copley Mark S. , Mutherjee Anna
Published: July 2016

The possibility of obtaining molecular information from lipid residues associated with archaeological pottery has dramatically increased the potential for deriving new information on the use of ancient vessels and the commodities processed therein. Motivated by the high proportion of the archaeological potsherds that have been shown to contain animal fats, a new approach invol- ving compound specific stable isotope analysis of remnant fats has been developed to retrieve infor- mation which will allow new insights into animal exploitation, dietary preferences and vessel use amongst prehistoric peoples. The new approach uses the δ13C values of the major saturated fatty acid (C16:0 and C18:0) determined by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC–C–IRMS) to characterise the origins of animal fat recovered from archaeological pottery.
A benchmark system to optimize our defense against an attack on the US food supply using the Risk Reduction Effectiveness and Capabilities Assessment Program
Authors: Hodoh, MS, BS Ofia , Dallas, PhD Cham E. , Williams, DVM Paul , Jaine, PhD Andrew M. , Harris, PhD Curt
Published: July 2016

Objective: A predictive system was developed and tested in a series of exercises with the objective of evaluating the preparedness and effectiveness of the multiagency response to food terrorism attacks.Design: A computerized simulation model, Risk Reduction Effectiveness and Capabilities Assessment Program (RRECAP), was developed to identify the key factors that influence the outcomes of an attack and quantify the relative reduction of such outcomes caused by each factor.Setting: The model was evaluated in a set of Tabletop and Full-Scale Exercises that simulate biological and chemical attacks on the food system. Participants: More than 300 participants representing more than 60 federal, state, local, and private sector agencies and organizations.Results: The exercises showed that agencies could use RRECAP to identify and prioritize their advance preparation to mitigate such attacks with minimal expense. RRECAP also demonstrated the relative utility and limitations of the ability of medical resources to treat patients if responders do not recognize and mitigate the attack rapidly, and the exercise results showed that proper advance preparation would reduce these deficiencies.Conclusions: Using computer simulation prediction of the medical outcomes of food supply attacks to identify optimal remediation activities and quantify the benefits of various measures provides a significant tool to agencies in both the public and private sector as they seek to prepare for such an attack.
Assessing American Red Cross First Aid mobile app user trends: Implications for resilience
Authors: Musigdilok, MPH Visanee V. , Demeter, MPH Natalie E. , Burke, PhD, MPH Rita V. , Shook, PhD Eric , Ajayakumar, MS Jayakrishnan , Berg, MPH Bridget M. , Hawkins, PhD Michelle D. , Ferree, BS John , MacAloney II, BS Brenton W. , Chung, MD Sarita , Pellegrino, PhD Jeffrey L. , Tolli, MSEE Dominick , Hansen, MA Grant , Upperman, MD Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2016

Objective: Disasters have devastated communities, impacted the economy, and resulted in a significant increase in injuries. As the use of mobile technology increasingly becomes a common aspect of everyday life, it is important to understand how it can be used as a resource. The authors examined the use of American Red Cross mobile apps and aimed to characterize user trends to better understand how mobile apps can help bolster individual and community preparedness, resilience, and response efforts.Design/main outcome measures: Tornado data were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Weather Service. Data for the mobile apps were provided by the American Red Cross. All data were reviewed for 2013, 2014, and three specific tornado events. Data were organized in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and then graphed or mapped using ArcMap 10.2™.Results: Between 2013 and 2014, 1,068 tornado watches and 3,682 tornado warnings were issued. Additionally, 37,957,560 Tornado app users and 1,289,676 First Aid app users were active from 2013 to 2014. Overall, there was an increase in the use of American Red Cross mobile apps during tornado occurrences. Yet the increase does not show a consistent correlation with the number of watches and warnings issued.Conclusions: Mobile apps can be a resourceful tool. This study shows that mobile app use increases during a disaster. The findings indicate that there is potential to use mobile apps for building resilience as the apps provide information to support individuals and communities in helping before, during, and after disasters.
Description of blast injuries and predictors of admission to hospital in blast victims in an urban civilian setting
Authors: El Sayed, MD, MPH, FAAEM, FACEP Mazen J. , Zgheib, MD Hady , Bachir, MPH Rana , Ghaddara, MD Hussein Abou
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Blast injuries characteristics and outcomes are not well described in urban civilian settings.Objectives: To describe blast injuries characteristics and to identify predictors of hospital admission after sustaining a blast injury.Methods: Retrospective chart review study of blast victims who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary care center in Beirut, Lebanon, over 8 years. The authors conducted a descriptive analysis, followed by a multivariate analysis to identify predictors.Results: A total of 59 patients were included. They were mostly males (81.4 percent) with a mean age of 35.4 ( ± 15) years with high rate of admission to the hospital (71.2 percent). Surface injury (mainly open wounds) was most common (91.5 percent). Injuries involved mainly the face (45.8 percent) and thigh/knee (33.9 percent). Significant associations were identified between different injury locations. Significant predictors of hospital admission in blast victims were internal injury (odds ratio [OR] = 11.6, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.7, 79.9]), orthopedic injury (OR = 41.1, 95% CI [3.4, 496.2]), and undergoing a chest X-ray in the ED (OR = 14.3, 95% CI [2.2, 93.3]).Conclusion: Blasts in a civilian setting result in a wide range of injuries. Facial injuries were most common in our setting with close associations between injuries of different organ systems. Identified predictors of hospital admission can help guide disposition decision for blast victims in the ED.
Laboratory evaluation of airborne particulate control treatments for simulated aircraft crash recovery operations involving carbon fiber composite materials
Authors: Ferreri, MS, CIH Matthew , Slagley, PhD, CIH, CSP Jeremy , Felker, PhD Daniel
Published: July 2016

Objective: This study compared four treatment protocols to reduce airborne composite fiber particulates during simulated aircraft crash recovery operations. Design: Four different treatments were applied to determine effectiveness in reducing airborne composite fiber particulates as compared to a “no treatment” protocol. Both “gold standard” gravimetric methods and real-time instruments were used to describe mass per volume concentration, particle size distribution, and surface area. The treatment protocols were applying water, wetted water, wax, or aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) to both burnt and intact tickets of aircraft composite skin panels. The tickets were then cut using a small high-speed rotary tool to simulate crash recovery operations.Setting: Aerosol test chamber.Subjects, participants: None.Interventions: Airborne particulate control treatments.Main outcome measures: Measures included concentration units of milligrams per cubic meter of air, particle size distribution as described by both count median diameter and mass median diameter and geometric standard deviation of particles in micrometers, and surface area concentration in units of square micrometers per cubic centimeter. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation was run on the particle size distribution results. Comparison was made via one-way analysis of variance. Results: A significant difference (p < 0.0001) in idealized particle size distribution was found between the water and wetted water treatments as compared to the other treatments for burnt tickets.Conclusions: Emergency crash recovery operations should include a treatment of the debris with water or wetted water. The resulting increase in particle size will make respiratory protection more effective in protecting the response crews.
A scrutiny of tools used for assessment of hospital disaster preparedness in Iran
Authors: Heidaranlu, BSN, MSN Esmail , Ebadi, PhD Abbas , Ardalan, MD, PhD Ali , Khankeh, PhD Hamidreza
Published: July 2016

Introduction: In emergencies and disasters, hospitals are among the first and most vital organizations involved. To determine preparedness of a hospital to deal with crisis, health system requires tools compatible with the type of crisis. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of tools used for assessment of hospitals preparedness for major emergencies and disasters in Iran.Method: In this review study, all studies conducted on hospital preparedness to deal with disasters in Iran in the interim 2000-2015 were examined. The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used to assess focus of studies for entry in this study.Results: Of the 36 articles obtained, 28 articles that met inclusion criteria were analyzed. In accordance with the WHO standards, focus of tools used was examined in three areas (structural, nonstructural, and functional). In nonstructural area, the most focus of preparation tools was on medical gases, and the least focus on office and storeroom furnishings and equipment. In the functional area, the most focus was on operational plan, and the least on business continuity. Half of the tools in domestic studies considered structural safety as indicator of hospital preparedness.Conclusion: The present study showed that tools used contain a few indicators approved by the WHO, especially in the functional area. Moreover, a lack of a standard indigenous tool was evident, especially in the functional area. Thus, to assess hospital disaster preparedness, the national health system requires new tools compatible with scientific tool design principles, to enable a more accurate prediction of hospital preparedness in disasters before they occur.
Rethinking our approach to gender and disasters: Needs, responsibilities, and solutions
Authors: Montano, MS Samantha , Savitt, MS Amanda
Published: July 2016

Objective: To explore how the existing literature has discussed the vulnerability and needs of women in a disaster context. It will consider the literature's suggestions of how to minimize vulnerability and address the needs of women, including who involved in emergency management should be responsible for such efforts.Design: Empirical journal articles and book chapters from disaster literature were collected that focused on “women” or “gender,” and their results and recommendations were analyzed.Results: This review found existing empirical research on women during disasters focuses on their vulnerabilities more than their needs. Second, when researchers do suggest solutions, they tend not to be comprehensive or supported by empirical evidence. Finally, it is not clear from existing research who is responsible for addressing these needs and implementing solutions. Conclusions: Future research should study the intersection of gender and disasters in terms of needs and solutions including who is responsible for implementing solutions.
Theoretical study of mixing in liquid clouds – Part 1: Classical concepts
Authors: Korolev Alexei , Khain Alex , Pinsky Mark , French Jeffrey
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The present study considers final stages of in-cloud mixing in the framework of classical concept of homogeneous and extreme inhomogeneous mixing. Simple analytical relationships between basic microphysical parameters were obtained for homogeneous and extreme inhomogeneous mixing based on the adiabatic consideration. It was demonstrated that during homogeneous mixing the functional relationships between the moments of the droplets size distribution hold only during the primary stage of mixing. Subsequent random mixing between already mixed parcels and undiluted cloud parcels breaks these relationships. However, during extreme inhomogeneous mixing the functional relationships between the microphysical parameters hold both for primary and subsequent mixing. The obtained relationships can be used to identify the type of mixing from in situ observations. The effectiveness of the developed method was demonstrated using in situ data collected in convective clouds. It was found that for the specific set of in situ measurements the interaction between cloudy and entrained environments was dominated by extreme inhomogeneous mixing.
Speciation of OH reactivity above the canopy of an isoprene-dominated forest
Authors: Kaiser J. , Skog K. M. , Baumann K. , Bertman S. B. , Brown S. B. , Brune W. H. , Crounse J. D. , de Gouw J. A. , Edgerton E. S. , Feiner P. A. , Goldstein A. H. , Koss A. , Misztal P. K. , Nguyen T. B. , Olson K. F. , St. Clair J. M. , Teng A. P. , Toma S. , Wennberg P. O. , Wild R. J. , Zhang L. , Keutsch F. N.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Measurements of OH reactivity, the inverse lifetime of the OH radical, can provide a top–down estimate of the total amount of reactive carbon in an air mass. Using a comprehensive measurement suite, we examine the measured and modeled OH reactivity above an isoprene-dominated forest in the southeast United States during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) field campaign. Measured and modeled species account for the vast majority of average daytime reactivity (80–95 %) and a smaller portion of nighttime and early morning reactivity (68–80 %). The largest contribution to total reactivity consistently comes from primary biogenic emissions, with isoprene contributing ∼  60 % in the afternoon, and ∼  30–40 % at night and monoterpenes contributing ∼  15–25 % at night. By comparing total reactivity to the reactivity stemming from isoprene alone, we find that ∼  20 % of the discrepancy is temporally related to isoprene reactivity, and an additional constant ∼  1 s−1 offset accounts for the remaining portion. The model typically overestimates measured OVOC concentrations, indicating that unmeasured oxidation products are unlikely to influence measured OH reactivity. Instead, we suggest that unmeasured primary emissions may influence the OH reactivity at this site.
Real-time detection of highly oxidized organosulfates and BSOA
marker compounds during the F–BEACh 2014 field study
Authors: Brüggemann Martin , Poulain Laurent , Held Andreas , Stelzer Torsten , Zuth Christoph , Richters Stefanie , Mutzel Anke , van Pinxteren Dominik , Iinuma Yoshiteru , Katkevica Sarmite , Rabe René , Herrmann Hartmut , Hoffmann Thorsten
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The chemical composition of organic aerosols was analyzed using complementary mass spectrometric techniques during a field study in Central Europe in July 2014 (Fichtelgebirge – Biogenic Emission and Aerosol Chemistry, F–BEACh 2014). Aerosols were analyzed in real-time by Aerosol Flowing Atmospheric-Pressure Afterglow Mass Spectrometry (AeroFAPA–MS), Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS), and Chemical Ionization Atmospheric-Pressure interface Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (CI–APiToF–MS). In addition, offline detection of acidic organic compounds was conducted by non-target screening of filter samples using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) in combination with Ultra-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). In total, 93 acidic organic compounds were identified as characteristic contributors to the organic aerosol mass at the site. Among the carbon-, hydrogen-, oxygen-containing compounds, several common biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) marker compounds were detected. High concentrations were found for the monoterpene photooxidation products 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid (MBTCA) and 3 carboxyheptanedioic acid, suggesting that α-/β-pinene and d-limonene oxidation products were dominating the organic aerosol fraction. In agreement, volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements showed high mixing ratios for these monoterpenes. Moreover, the high abundance of MBTCA and 3-carboxyheptanedioic acid and their concentration ratios to earlier-generation oxidation products, such as pinic acid, indicate that aged aerosol masses were present during the campaign period. HYSPLIT trajectory calculations revealed that most of the arriving air masses traveled long distances (>1,500 km) over land with high solar radiation, further supporting this hypothesis. Around 47 % of the detected compounds from the filter sample analysis were sulfur-containing, suggesting a high anthropogenic impact on biogenic emissions and their oxidation processes. Among the sulfur-containing compounds, several organosulfates, nitrooxy organosulfates, and highly oxidized organosulfates (HOOS) were unambiguously identified. In addition, correlations among HOOS classes, sulfate and highly oxidized multifunctional organic compounds (HOMs) were investigated. The results support the hypothesis of previous studies that HOOS are formed by reactions of gas-phase HOMs with particulate sulfate. Furthermore, a good agreement was observed between HOOS formation and gas-phase peroxyradical (RO2•) concentrations, measured by the CI–APiTOF–MS. This finding suggests RO2• to be either a direct or indirect precursor for HOOS. In addition, periods with high relative humidity revealed that aqueous-phase chemistry might play a major role in HOOS production.
Atmo-metabolomics: a new measurement approach for investigating aerosol composition and ecosystem functioning
Authors: Rivas-Ubach Albert , Liu Yina , Sardans Jordi , Tfaily Malak M. , Kim Young-Mo , Bourrianne Eric , Paša-Tolić Ljiljana , Peñuelas Josep , Guenther Alex
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Aerosols directly and indirectly play crucial roles in the processes controlling the composition of the atmosphere and the functioning of ecosystems. Gaining a deeper understanding of the chemical composition of aerosols is one of the major challenges for atmospheric and climate scientists and is beginning to be recognized as important for ecological research. Better comprehension of aerosol chemistry can potentially provide valuable information on atmospheric processes such as oxidation of organics and the production of cloud condensation nuclei as well as provide an approximation of the general status of an ecosystem through the measurement of certain stress biomarkers. In this study, we describe an efficient aerosol sampling method, the metabolite extraction procedures for the chemical characterization of aerosols, namely, the atmo-metabolome. We used mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC-MS), gas chromatography (GC-MS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR-MS) for a deep characterization of the atmo-metabolome. The atmo-metabolomes from two distinct seasons, spring and summer, were compared to test the sensitivity and demonstrate the information that can be provided from each analytical platform. Our results showed that our sampling and extraction methods are suitable for aerosol chemical characterization with any of the analytical platforms used in this study. The three datasets obtained from these individual platforms showed significant differences of the overall atmo-metabolome between spring and summer. LC-MS and GC-MS analyses identified several metabolites that can be attributed to pollen and other plant-related aerosols. Spring samples exhibit higher concentrations of metabolites linked to higher plant activity while summer samples had higher concentrations of metabolites that may reflect certain oxidative stresses. FT-ICR-MS analysis showed clear differences in the elemental composition of aerosols between spring and summer. Summer aerosols were generally higher in molecular weight and with higher O / C ratios, indicating higher oxidation levels and condensation of compounds relative to spring. Our method represents an advanced approach for characterizing the composition of aerosols that will benefit scientists attempting to understand complex atmospheric processes and the ecosystem status across a whole ecoregion.
Analysis of functional groups in atmospheric aerosols by infrared
spectroscopy: sparse methods for statistical selection of relevant absorption bands
Authors: Takahama Satoshi , Ruggeri Giulia , Dillner Ann M.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Various vibrational modes present in molecular mixtures of laboratory and atmospheric aerosols give rise to complex Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectra. Such spectra can be chemically informative, but they often require sophisticated algorithms for quantitative characterization of aerosol composition. Naïve statistical calibration models developed for quantification employ the full suite of wavenumbers available from a set of spectra, leading to loss of mechanistic interpretation between chemical composition and the resulting changes in absorption patterns that underpin their predictive capability. Using sparse representations of the same set of spectra, alternative calibration models can be built in which only a select group of absorption bands are used to make quantitative prediction of various aerosol properties. Such models are desirable as they allow us to relate predicted properties to their underlying molecular structure. In this work, we present an evaluation of four algorithms for achieving sparsity in FT-IR spectroscopy calibration models. Sparse calibration models exclude unnecessary wavenumbers from infrared spectra during the model building process, permitting identification and evaluation of the most relevant vibrational modes of molecules in complex aerosol mixtures required to make quantitative predictions of various measures of aerosol composition. We study two types of models: one which predicts alcohol COH, carboxylic COH, alkane CH, and carbonyl CO functional group (FG) abundances in ambient samples based on laboratory calibration standards and another which predicts thermal optical reflectance (TOR) organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) mass in new ambient samples by direct calibration of infrared spectra to a set of ambient samples reserved for calibration. We describe the development and selection of each calibration model and evaluate the effect of sparsity on prediction performance. Finally, we ascribe interpretation to absorption bands used in quantitative prediction of FGs and TOR OC and EC concentrations.
Food selectivity and processing by the cold-water coral Lophelia
pertusa
Authors: van Oevelen Dick , Mueller Christina E. , Lundälv Tomas , Middelburg Jack J.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Cold-water corals form prominent reef ecosystems along ocean margins that depend on suspended resources produced in surface waters. In this study we investigated food processing of 13C and 15N labelled bacteria and algae by the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa. Coral respiration, tissue incorporation of C and N and metabolic-derived C incorporation into the skeleton were traced following the additions of different food concentrations (100, 300, 1300 µg C L−1) and two ratios of suspended bacterial and algal biomass (1:1, 3:1). Respiration and tissue incorporation by L. pertusa increased markedly following exposure to higher food concentrations. The net growth efficiency of L. pertusa was low (0.08 ± 0.03), which is consistent with their slow growth rates. The contribution of algae and bacteria to total coral assimilation was proportional to the food mixture in the two lowest food concentrations, but algae were preferred over bacteria as food source at the highest food concentration. We argue that behavioural responses for these small-sized food particles, such as tentacle behaviour and mucus trapping, are more likely to explain the observed food selectivity as compared to physical-mechanical considerations. A comparison of the experimental food conditions to natural organic carbon concentrations above CWC reefs suggests that L. pertusa is well adapted to exploit temporal pulses of high organic matter concentrations in the bottom water caused by internal waves and downwelling events.
An improved North-South synchronization of ice core records
around the 41 K beryllium 10 peak
Authors: Raisbeck G. M. , Cauquoin A. , Jouzel J. , Landais A. , Petit J.-R. , Lipenkov V. Y. , Beer J. , Synal H.-A. , Oerter H. , Johnsen S. J. , Steffensen J. P. , Svensson A. , Yiou F.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Abstract. Using new high resolution 10Be measurements in the NGRIP, EDML and Vostok ice cores, together with previously published data from EDC, we present an improved synchronization between Greenland and Antarctic ice cores during the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion ~ 41 ky ago. We estimate the precision of this synchronization to be ± 20 years, an order of magnitude better than our previous work. We discuss the implications of this new synchronization for making improved estimates of the difference between ice and enclosed gas of the same age (delta depth), difference between age of ice and enclosed gas at the same depth (delta age) in the EDC and EDML ice cores, spectral properties of the 10Be profiles and phasing between Dansgaard/Oeschger-10 (in NGRIP) and AIM-10 (in EDML and EDC).
Effects of topsoil treatments on afforestation in a dry-Mediterranean climate (southern Spain)
Authors: Hueso-González P. , Martínez-Murillo J. F. , Ruiz-Sinoga J. D.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Revegetation programs in semiarid areas are associated with a high level of sapling mortality. Therefore, the development of alternative low cost and low environmental impact afforestation methods that ensure the survival of seedlings is necessary for the effective management of Mediterranean forest environments. This study assessed the effects of five types of soil amendment on the success of afforestation processes. The amendments tested were: i) straw mulching (SM); ii) mulch containing chipped branches of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis L.) (PM); iii) sheep manure compost from a wastewater treatment plant (SH); iv) sewage sludge (RU); and v) TerraCottem hydroabsorbent polymer (HP). We hypothesized that in the context of dry-Mediterranean climatic conditions, the use of organic amendments would enhance plant establishment and ensure successful afforestation. The results showed that afforestation success varied among the various soil amendment treatments in the experimental plots. The amendments had no effect on soil organic carbon, pH, or salinity, but the results indicate that the addition of mulch or hydroabsorbent polymer can reduced transplant stress by increasing the soil water available for plant growth throughout the hydrological year, and potentially improve the success of afforestation by reducing plant mortality.