bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended Ischiopubic Fixation Using Porous Metal Augments in Cementless Acetabular Reconstruction during Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Huang Yong , Tang Hao , Zhou Yixin , Shao Hongyi , Yang Dejin , Zhou Baochun
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The aims of this study were to introduce the definition, indication, and surgical technique of extended ischiopubic fixation (EIF) and to investigate the early clinical, radiographic results and complications of hips revised with EIF.

Methods

Patients who underwent revision THA utilizing the technique of EIF which was defined as securing the porous metal augment >5 mm deep into the ischium and/or pubic ramus to gain adequate mechanical support and fresh host bone for bony ingrowth in a single institution from February 2015 to February 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 30 hips (28 patients) were eligible for the study and were enrolled. Four patients were lost to follow‐up postoperatively. The data of the remaining 24 patients (26 hips) were analyzed. The patients' clinical results were assessed using of the Harris Hip Score and any complications including postoperative periprosthetic joint infection, intraoperative fracture, postoperative periprosthetic fracture, dislocation, nerve palsy, hematoma or wound complication were documented. The radiographic results were assessed with the construct stability, the position of the center of rotation, and cup orientation.

Results

The median age of these 25 patients was 62.00 (interquartile: 54.25–68.25) years, with a median body mass index (BMI) of 22.60 kg/m2 (interquartile: 21.49–25.12 kg/m2). A total of 12 (48%) patients were female. At a median duration of follow‐up of 49.16 months, 20 (80%) patients rated their satisfaction level as “very satisfied,” five (20%) were “satisfied.” The median HHS improved from 36.00 (interquartile range: 31.25–49.75) preoperatively to 81.00 (interquartile range: 74.75–88.25) at the most recent follow‐up (p < 0.001). No complications such as periprosthetic joint infection, intraoperative fracture, periprosthetic fracture, dislocation, nerve palsy, hematoma, or wound complication were identified. All constructs were considered to have obtained stable fixation. The median vertical and horizontal distance between the latest postoperative centers of rotation to the anatomic center of rotation improved from 13.62 and 8.68 mm preoperatively to 4.42 and 4.19 mm at final follow‐up (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Early follow‐up of patients reconstructed with porous metal augments using the EIF technique demonstrated satisfactory clinical results with no particular complications, stable fixation, and restoration of the center of rotation.
The fine‐tuning of mycorrhizal pathway in sorghum depends on both nitrogen−phosphorus availability and the identity of the fungal partner
Authors: Raphael Boussageon , Nicolás Marro , Martina Janoušková , Daphnée Brulé , Daniel Wipf , Pierre‐Emmanuel Courty
Published: August 2022

Sorghum is an important worldwide source of food, feed and fibres. Like most plants, it forms mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but the nutritional basis of mycorrhiza‐responsiveness is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the transcriptional and physiological responses of sorghum to two different AMF species, Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae, under 16 different conditions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply. Our experiment reveals fine‐scale differences between two AMF species in the nutritional interactions with sorghum plants. Physiological and gene expression patterns (ammonium transporters: AMT; phosphate transporters: PHT) indicate the existence of generalist or specialist mycorrhizal pathway. While R. irregularis switched on the mycorrhizal pathway independently of the plant nutritional status, F. mosseae influenced the mycorrhizal pathway depending on the N‐to‐P plant ratio and soil supply. The differences between both AMF species suggest some AMT and PHT as ideal candidates to develop markers for improving efficiency of nutrient acquisition in sorghum under P and N limitation, and for the selection of plant genotypes.
Effect of community‐based nurse‐led support intervention in the reduction of HbA1c levels
Authors: Li Juan , Yang Fang , Wang Jie , Tao Yanli
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To determine the effect of community based Nurse‐led support intervention in the reduction of HbA1c levels compared to usual care.

Design and methods

A systematic search of four electronic databases was conducted until August 2021 including RCTs to check for a reduction in HbA1c levels in Nurse‐led intervention arm.

Results

Twenty‐one trials involving 4649 diabetic individuals were included in the review. The pooled mean difference in the reduction of HbA1c in the intervention group was found to be ‐0.421 (95% CI: ‐0.59 to ‐0.25).

Conclusion and evidence

Nurse‐led educational intervention proved beneficial in the control of HbA1c among diabetic individuals.
Singlet Oxygen Quenching by Resveratrol Derivatives†
Authors: Monsour Charlotte G. , Tadle Abegail C. , Tafolla‐Aguirre Bliss J. , Lakshmanan Nidhi , Yoon Jin Hyeok , Sabio Rhemrose B. , Selke Matthias
Published: August 2022

We investigated the singlet oxygen quenching ability of several derivatives of trans‐resveratrol which have been reported to have significant antioxidant ability, including photoprotective activity. We measured the total rate constants of singlet oxygen removal (kT) by the methylated resveratrol derivative 1,3‐dimethoxy‐5‐[(E)‐2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene, and the partially methylated resveratrol derivatives 4‐((E)‐2‐(3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl)phenol (pterostilbene), 5‐[(E)‐2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene‐1,3‐diol and (2R,3R)‐3,5,7‐trihydroxy‐2‐(3,4,5‐trihydroxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydrochromen‐4‐one (dihydromyricetin). A protic solvent system results in higher kT values, except for the completely methylated derivative. We also investigated the ability of trans‐resveratrol to directly act as a photosensitizer (rather than via secondary photoproducts resulting from other primary photochemical reactions) for the production of singlet oxygen but found that neither resveratrol nor any of its derivatives are able to do so. We then studied the chemical reactions of the methylated derivative with singlet oxygen. The main pathway consists of a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction involving the trans‐double bond and the para‐substituted benzene ring similar to what has been observed for trans‐resveratrol. Unlike trans‐resveratrol, the primary singlet oxygen product undergoes a second [4 + 2] cycloaddition with singlet oxygen leading to the formation of diendoperoxides. A second reactivity pathway for both trans‐resveratrol and the methylated derivative leads to the formation of aldehydes via cleavage of a transient dioxetane.
Financial Sustainability of IoT Platforms: The Role of Quality and Security
Authors: Garg Anurag , Demirezen Emre M , Dogan Kutsal , Cheng Hsing Kenneth
Published: August 2022

The economic significance of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms is evident from the proliferation of smart home assistant platforms like Amazon Alexa and Google Home that center themselves around providing unique and connected experiences to users. Customers do not perceive these platforms valuable if they do not experience adequate levels of quality and security from both the platform and applications (apps) they use. Therefore, the IoT platform provider as well as app developers need to go beyond collaboration and cocreate quality and security for each app on the platform. In this setting, we study the dynamics of the financial sustainability of the platform provider and app developers and find that the collaborative nature of the IoT platform has a significant role in the behavior and profitability of all parties. Specifically, a neutral entrant to the platform not only increases the effort levels of all existing parties, but also increases the profits due to network effects that are intertwined with economies of scale. We further find that a substantial number of apps are needed in the platform for an economically viable platform and that a less efficient platform leader needs even a larger application base. However, based on the number of apps on the platform and which party is more effective in the collaboration, the platform provider might need to provide additional incentives, or sometimes, extract additional rent from the app developers to financially sustain the platform. Furthermore, we verify our results in the presence of competition or complementarity among apps and further derive additional interesting results and managerial insights. For example, we find that the entry of a competing app may be beneficial for existing apps under some conditions.
From Gaming to Hating: Extreme‐Right Ideological Indoctrination and Mobilization for Violence of Children on Online Gaming Platforms
Authors: Koehler Daniel , Fiebig Verena , Jugl Irina
Published: August 2022

As a consequence of numerous extreme‐right terror attacks in which the perpetrators posted their manifestos and attack life streams on online platforms adjacent to the video gaming community, as well as radicalized within that environment to a significant degree (e.g., Christchurch, New Zealand; Halle, Germany), increasing scholarly and policymaker interest is focusing on far‐right radicalization and recruitment within online video game environments. Yet little empirical insights exist about the specific engagement between right‐wing extremists and their potential recruits on these platforms. This study presents findings from a qualitative exploration of German police‐investigation files for two children who radicalized on gaming platforms to become involved in extreme‐right criminal behavior, including the plotting of a terrorist attack. The study demonstrates the importance of online and offline factor interaction, especially regarding the role of familiar criminogenic factors, as well as the social–emotional bonding between potential recruits and extremist gamers created through shared gaming experiences that lead to high‐intensity extremist radicalization aimed at offline behavioral changes. The study did not find evidence for strategic organizational far‐right recruitment campaigns, but rather multidirectional social‐networking processes which were also initiated by the potential recruits.
Short‐term effects of a large dam decommissioning on biofilm structure and functioning
Authors: Atristain Miren , von Schiller Daniel , Larrañaga Aitor , Elosegi Arturo
Published: August 2022

Aging dams and the rising efforts to restore stream ecosystems are increasing the number of dam decommissioning programs. Although dam decommissioning aims at improving in‐stream habitat, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning in the long term, it might also cause ecological impacts in the short term due to the mobilization of the sediment accumulated in the reservoir. Benthic biofilm in particular can be impaired by episodes of high turbidity and scouring. We conducted a multiple before‐after/control‐impact experiment to assess the effects of the drawdown of a large dam (42 m tall), a first step to its decommissioning, on biofilm structure (biomass and chlorophyll‐a) and functioning (metabolism, nutrient uptake, and organic matter breakdown). Our results show that the reservoir drawdown reduced the autotrophic biofilm biomass (chlorophyll‐a) downstream from the dam, which in turn lowered metabolism. However, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by the biofilm was not affected. Organic matter breakdown was slower below the dam than in nearby undammed reaches before and during drawdown. All drawdown effects quickly disappeared and reaches downstream from the dam approached values found in nearby undammed reaches. Thus, our results indicate that the effects of reservoir drawdown on stream biofilms exist but may be small and disappear rapidly.
Measurement of diverse, irreversible capital
Authors: Cairns Robert D.
Published: August 2022

This paper revisits capital measurement through a microeconomic analysis of a simple project consisting of diverse types of irreversibly invested capital. Capital is aggregated using the numeraire. Thus, the proposed method of measurement is a form of accounting. It associates all types of capital in a common framework. Under certainty, user cost and depreciation take internal accounting values that obey three axioms that comprise five conditions. The accounting values proliferate, but they have only a limited relation to market prices or shadow prices. Each type of capital earns the market rate of interest. In practice, under uncertainty, calculation of the accounting values would require projections of basic data, and would be hard to comprehend, especially for outsiders, and would leave room for moral hazard. Because of these obstacles, accounting practice departs from the ideal based on cash flows and strictly limits choice by using prescribed schedules of depreciation. These schedules are interpreted from an economic perspective.
The mental health of migrant people: Western medical systems facing a globalized society
Authors: Bova Roberta , Lusardi Roberto
Published: August 2022

The mental health of migrant populations represents a challenge for the cultural and organizational assumptions of Western welfare systems, and it touches on and problematizes forms of civil coexistence in democratic societies. Starting from scientific literature analysis, the article discusses how the scientific debate is marked by theoretical and methodological characterizations that affect the understanding and representation of the phenomenon and influence the construction and the stability of social and personal identity of migrant people. The prevalence of the refugee and asylum‐seeking population in samples of epidemiological studies and the distorted representation of the actual mental health conditions of the majority of migrants are discussed. Methodological choices, in particular the frequent use of standardized data collection tools and classification systems of medical‐psychiatric derivation, tends to neglect the phenomenological and etiological heterogeneity of the phenomenon.
Simple and accurate transcriptional start site identification using Smar2C2 and examination of conserved promoter features
Authors: Murray Andrew , Mendieta John Pablo , Vollmers Chris , Schmitz Robert J.
Published: August 2022

The precise and accurate identification and quantification of transcriptional start sites (TSSs) is key to understanding the control of transcription. The core promoter consists of the TSS and proximal non‐coding sequences, which are critical in transcriptional regulation. Therefore, the accurate identification of TSSs is important for understanding the molecular regulation of transcription. Existing protocols for TSS identification are challenging and expensive, leaving high‐quality data available for a small subset of organisms. This sparsity of data impairs study of TSS usage across tissues or in an evolutionary context. To address these shortcomings, we developed Smart‐Seq2 Rolling Circle to Concatemeric Consensus (Smar2C2), which identifies and quantifies TSSs and transcription termination sites. Smar2C2 incorporates unique molecular identifiers that allowed for the identification of as many as 70 million sites, with no known upper limit. We have also generated TSS data sets from as little as 40 pg of total RNA, which was the smallest input tested. In this study, we used Smar2C2 to identify TSSs in Glycine max (soybean), Oryza sativa (rice), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Zea mays (maize) across multiple tissues. This wide panel of plant TSSs facilitated the identification of evolutionarily conserved features, such as novel patterns in the dinucleotides that compose the initiator element (Inr), that correlated with promoter expression levels across all species examined. We also discovered sequence variations in known promoter motifs that are positioned reliably close to the TSS, such as differences in the TATA box and in the Inr that may prove significant to our understanding and control of transcription initiation. Smar2C2 allows for the easy study of these critical sequences, providing a tool to facilitate discovery.
Performance Comparison of CMOS and NMOS GNRFET Full Adder
Authors: Johari Zaharah , Tan Zheng Hong , Mohamad Rasol Muhammad Faidzal , Hamzah Afiq , Loong Peng Michael Tan , Mohamed Sultan Suhana , Alias Nurul Ezaila , Isaak Suhaila , Yusoff Yusmeeraz
Published: August 2022

Transistor makes up the cornerstone of modern computing. In this work, a SPICE model of GNRFET was used to simulate the performance of a NMOS and CMOS binary full adder. The performance of this adder was evaluated in terms of its average power consumption and propagation delay. Three variables, namely the resistance value, dimer lines and channel length were manipulated and the impact on its performance was assessed. It was observed that a linear improvement in propagation delay was accompanied by an exponential increase in power consumption and only a small range of values of resistance was able to deliver a relatively reasonable trade-off between power consumption and propagation delay. These values range from approximately 110 kΩ to 130 kΩ. When the dimer lines were varied from 12 to 8 and channel length was varied from 32 nm to 16 nm, the results showed that a channel length of 16 nm was superior to that of a channel length of 32 nm as it showed 25.25 % of improvement in propagation delay at approximately similar power consumption. On the other hand, the choice of dimer lines and circuit architecture was required to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. For a compute-intensive application with a controlled environment, NMOS logic with 8 dimer lines should be chosen, while for less compute-intensive applications and portable devices, CMOS logic with 12 dimer lines should be utilised. A NMOS logic was chosen for the former due to a reasonable trade-off of 30.94 % of power consumption for a 35.03 % of propagation delay was established When the performance of these full adders are compared to that of a MTGB based ternary gate in terms of their performance, it was found that the CMOS and NMOS logic full adder performed better than a MTGB based ternary full adder.
New Reconfigurable Transmitarray Unit Cell Design at Ku-Band Using PIN Diodes
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Naeem , Mohd Yusoff Mohd Fairus , A Rahim Mohammad Kamal , Hamid Mohamad Rijal , Johari Zaharah , Ur Rahman Hamood
Published: August 2022

Beam reconfigurable Transmitarray antennas require the unit cell phase variation capability. This paper presents a new reconfigurable Transmitarray unit cell design using PIN diodes at the Ku-band. The unit cell is comprised of three layers having four PIN diodes used in every unit cell layer. This results in phase controlling by switching the PIN diodes on every layer individually. The unit cell s-parametric analysis shows a high transmission coefficient magnitude (> -3.6dB) at a design frequency of 12.5GHz and maximum wide impedance bandwidth (17.5%). Four different switching states configurations are used, which result in phase variations over the range of 150.5 degrees. The transmission coefficient magnitude remains high for all four switching states. The proposed reconfigurable unit cell can be used in designing beam switched Transmitarray antennas for satellite communications and beam steering applications.
Coordination of Overcurrent Relay In Distribution System
Authors: Mohamad Idris Rasyidah , Mohamed Siti Zulaikha
Published: August 2022

The overcurrent phenomena are a dangerous condition that can be occurred in the electrical system and equipment. The condition of the overcurrent will cause the short-circuited current flows through the system and affect the other distribution line. The purpose of this study is to investigate the coordination of the overcurrent relay in different types of the distribution network which are radial distribution system, ring distribution system, and interconnected distribution system during line to ground fault occur at the bus. The generation of the overcurrent and directional overcurrent flow in the distribution network will damage the nearest equipment and reduce the power stability. The installation of the IDMT overcurrent relay in the distribution system will clear the faulty section from affecting the other distribution line. This protective device also operates to detect the abnormal condition with proper time current characteristic condition that involves the optimum time speed, accurate coordination, and sensitivity. The simulation of the IDMT overcurrent relay in the one-line diagram of the distribution network is executed by using ETAP software meanwhile the IDMT relay setting is calculated via MATLAB.
Use of EEG Technique in a Cognitive Process Study- A Review
Authors: Sahar Noor Syazwana , Mat Safri Norlaili , Zakaria Nor Aini
Published: August 2022

Cognitive processes have been widely studied using non-invasive electrical recording from the scalp called electroencephalograms (EEGs). This paper attempts to review cognitive process studies using EEG techniques according to the Layered Reference Model of the Brain (LRMB). Based on the LRMB, there are six layers of cognitive processes: Layer 1 (Sensation), Layer 2 (Memory), Layer 3 (Perception), Layer 4 (Action), Layer 5 (Meta cognitive function), and Layer 6 (Higher cognitive function). Each layer of cognitive processes will be presented with a few example research studies. Valuable information from research studies, such as the electrode of interest, task assessment used and EEG analysis applied, will be indicated and discussed to help the reader understand and select the appropriate task assessment and EEG analysis. All extracted EEG information can be extended for use in machine learning.
Intelligent Vibration Analysis of Industrial Cooling Fans
Authors: Sharrar Labib , Danapalasingam Kumeresan
Published: August 2022

Industrial cooling fans are responsible for maintaining stable temperatures for delicate components. Therefore, a cooling system failure can certainly lead to machine downtime. Fault Condition Monitoring (FCM) is a predictive maintenance method that can be applied to cooling fans for fault prediction. As the components of a cooling fan wear off, its vibration tends to vary. Thus, this paper uniquely elaborates on three intelligent vibration analysis techniques that are applicable in the FCM of cooling fans. In this research, 1) image encoding with convolutional neural network (CNN), 2) moving average, and 3) fuzzy logic techniques are designed, employed, and their potentials as FCM tools are compared. The vibration data is collected from an experimental test bench that consists of a fan, an accelerometer, and a microcontroller, among others. Once enough data is obtained, the three vibration analysis techniques are applied using Python and MATLAB. The results reported in this paper demonstrate the effectiveness of these intelligent vibration analysis techniques in the FCM of cooling fans and possibly other industrial equipment. The novelty of the research revolves around the fan fault classification techniques that are being compared. The image-encoding technique described in this paper has yet to be applied for fault classification. Additionally, while fuzzy logic and moving average are popular methods, this is the first time that they are being used for vibration analysis of cooling fans. Furthermore, this is also a novel comparative study of different vibration analysis techniques.
Modeling and Simulation of autonomous mobile robot system for collision avoidance in VR environment using Simscape-Multibody
Authors: Nawawi Sophan Wahyudi , Mohammed Ahmed Abd Alati Alhadi , Biswas Hasin Abrar , Jibrin Mohammed Alih
Published: August 2022

Autonomous mobile robots have recently become a centre of attention in the robotics community due to their ease of design, modeling and implementation, making them very lucrative in logistics, monitoring, mapping and other purposes. Fundamentally, collision avoidance is a major aspect of an autonomous mobile robot which requires assistance from other aspects like sensor fusion, localization, path planning etc., to contribute to achieving proper functionality in an open environment, hence the inherently required integration makes it hard to many researchers, robotics and robot enthusiasts to incorporate multi-dimensional functionalities in their system. Sometimes traditional software for robotics makes it harder to acquire actual insight into their system due to a lack of cross-platform compatibility. Therefore, this research aims to demonstrate a way to integrate important aspects required for obstacle avoidance system for design and analysis using a compatible system which is SolidWorks and MatLab simscape multibody, which provides sufficient scope to properly and accurately simulate autonomous systems on a real-time basis that can be used with actual hardware to final implementation. The findings of the study demonstrate that it is very much feasible to use such a method for robotic and other complex mechanics applications, and further analysis of the sensor fusion algorithm reveals some shortcomings of the sensor fusing algorithm and data processing which can be avoided by introducing further sensor sequencing and implementing adaptive neuro fuzzy-based system.
Performance Analysis of Cross-Connected Sources Multilevel Inverter (CCSMLI) based on NLM and SHE Switching Schemes
Authors: Md Ayob Shahrin , Jasri Maulidatul Huda
Published: August 2022

Power inverter is an important device in nowadays technologies since the usage of renewable energy sources had been increased rapidly throughout the world. The main focus of research in power inverter field today is to produce a high efficiency power inverter to maximize the energy obtained from the renewable energy sources i.e. to reduce the energy losses. In DC to AC power conversion, the selection of appropriate switching scheme to be implemented is very crucial. In this paper, two different switching schemes, namely Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) and Selective Harmonics Elimination (SHE) are implemented on the Cross-Connected Sources Multilevel Inverter (CCSMLI) circuit with symmetrical configuration. The switching schemes are implemented on two different levels of CCSMLI circuit (11-level and 13-level) with two types of loads (R load and RL load). The performance of the circuit in terms of voltage Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is being compared for different levels, load types and switching schemes. Simulation has been carried out using MATLAB/Simulink R2021a software package. The simulation results indicate a significant reduction in voltage THD when 13-level CCSMLI circuit, RL load and NLM switching scheme are implemented.
Overcurrent Relay for Generation Distribution Utilization
Authors: Herul Anuar Sarah , Mohd Idris Rasyidah
Published: August 2022

Distributed Generation (DG) is the production of electricity from a variety of renewable energy sources that is closer to the customer and load. The addition of distributed generation sources to the distribution networks alters the characteristics of distribution system and has an influence on its protection coordination. Relay protection plays a critical function in protecting a power system from various problems. Relay protection coordination reduces relay operating time and avoids relay failure. As a result, a fault analysis of the distribution network with and without distributed generation installation is required to determine the effects of installing DG at the radial system on overcurrent relay protection. The software programmed ETAP version 19.0 was used to represent an actual distribution system in this research paper. The consequences on the overcurrent protection relay were discovered as a result of the analysis. Simultaneously, the presence of an overcurrent relay following the installation of DG may no longer be dependable. As a result, it is critical to assess the effects of DG installation in order to verify that the protective zone can be properly protected.
On-Body Performance of a Frequency Reconfigurable Wearable Antenna for 5G Health Monitoring Application
Authors: Hendrajaya Lukman , Samsuri Noor Asmawati , Hamid Mohamad Rijal , A Rahim Mohamad Kamal , Murad Noor Asniza , Nugroho Bambang Setia
Published: August 2022

This paper presents the design and simulation of a meandered bowtie frequency reconfigurable wearable antenna for a 5G health monitoring application. The antenna is based on a transdermal patch as the substrate, hence it offers convenience when it is applied on a user as compared to other recent developed wearable antennas. The antenna can cater to various frequencies especially the 5G frequency bands in Malaysia (700MHz, 3.5GHz) and Indonesia (2.3 GHz, 3.4 - 3.6 GHz). Studies on the deployment of the antenna on a body phantom are also presented in this paper as well as several techniques to reduce the on-body effects. Results have shown that the design can be a promising candidate in wearable healthcare monitoring applications as well as a reference for future research and studies.
Wireless Power Transmission Efficiency of Dipole Array Antenna using a Left-Handed Waveguide Slot Antenna as a Feeder
Authors: Maruyama Tamami , Shibata Koki , Nakatsugawa1 Masashi , Tamayama Yasuhiro , Omiya Manabu , Yamamoto Tsunayuki , Nakamura Takahiko , Ohshima Kouzoh , Muramoto Mitsuru , Nasuno Yutaka , Ito Keiichi
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes to transform microwaves for snow melting, which slightly leaking from the slotted waveguide, into electric power using a wireless power transmission technique for effective use. A combination of left-handed and right-handed waveguides is a method to melt snow evenly over a large area using microwaves. The left-handed waveguide, however, has large loss because of stubs. In order to evaluate the effect of the left-handed waveguide’s loss, this paper analyzed the wireless power transmission efficiency when the left-handed waveguide with a slot was set as the power transmission part, and a dipole array was placed above the left-handed waveguide as a power reception unit. The wireless power transfer efficiency was calculated using kQ product from S-parameters that were obtained by using the method of moments. The results clarified that the sum of the maximum efficiencies of the arrayed dipoles could be made larger than the maximum efficiency of one dipole.
Single-coil Design Approach for Dual-band Near-field Coupled Resonators
Authors: Ly Pon Lai
Published: August 2022

With the adoption of single coil approach, printed spiral resonator design strategy for near-field wireless energy transfer is presented. A pair of symmetrical resonators operating at high frequency band specifically 6.78 MHz and 13.56 MHz is designed. Simulated power transfer efficiency (PTE) of over 88% are obtained for both frequencies when coupled spiral resonators separated at a distance of 25 mm is integrated with hybrid compensation network topology. The variance of PTE between both frequencies is about 0.04.
Ischaemic preconditioning blunts exercise‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, speeds oxygen uptake kinetics but does not alter severe‐intensity exercise capacity
Authors: Peden Donald L. , Mitchell Emma A. , Bailey Stephen J. , Ferguson Richard A.
Published: August 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Ischaemic preconditioning is a novel pre‐exercise priming strategy. We asked whether ischaemic preconditioning would alter mitochondrial respiratory function and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and improve severe‐intensity exercise performance.

What is the main finding and its importance?

Ischaemic preconditioning expedited overall pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and appeared to prevent an increase in leak respiration, proportional to maximal electron transfer system and ADP‐stimulated respiration, that was evoked by severe‐intensity exercise in sham‐control conditions. However, severe‐intensity exercise performance was not improved. The results do not support ischaemic preconditioning as a pre‐exercise strategy to improve exercise performance in recreationally active participants.

We examined the effect of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) on severe‐intensity exercise performance, pulmonary oxygen uptake () kinetics, skeletal muscle oxygenation (muscle tissue O2 saturation index) and mitochondrial respiration. Eight men underwent contralateral IPC (4 × 5 min at 220 mmHg) or sham‐control (SHAM; 20 mmHg) before performing a cycling time‐to‐exhaustion test (92% maximum aerobic power). Muscle (vastus lateralis) biopsies were obtained before IPC or SHAM and ∼1.5 min postexercise. The time to exhaustion did not differ between SHAM and IPC (249 ± 37 vs. 240 ± 32 s; P = 0.62). Pre‐ and postexercise ADP‐stimulated (P) and maximal (E) mitochondrial respiration through protein complexes (C) I, II and IV did not differ (P > 0.05). Complex I leak respiration was greater postexercise compared with baseline in SHAM, but not in IPC, when normalized to wet mass (P = 0.01 vs. P = 0.19), mitochondrial content (citrate synthase activity, P = 0.003 vs. P = 0.16; CI+IIP, P = 0.03 vs. P = 0.23) and expressed relative to P (P = 0.006 vs. P = 0.30) and E (P = 0.004 vs. P = 0.26). The mean response time was faster (51.3 ± 15.5 vs. 63.7 ± 14.5 s; P = 0.003), with a smaller slow component (270 ± 105 vs. 377 ± 188 ml min−1; P = 0.03), in IPC compared with SHAM. The muscle tissue O2 saturation index did not differ between trials (P > 0.05). Ischaemic preconditioning expedited kinetics and appeared to prevent an increase in leak respiration through CI, when expressed proportional to E and P evoked by severe‐intensity exercise, but did not improve exercise performance.
Fibre type‐ and localisation‐specific muscle glycogen utilisation during repeated high‐intensity intermittent exercise
Authors: Vigh‐Larsen Jeppe F. , Ørtenblad Niels , Emil Andersen Ole , Thorsteinsson Hallur , Kristiansen Thea H. , Bilde Stine , Mikkelsen Mads S. , Nielsen Joachim , Mohr Magni , Overgaard Kristian
Published: August 2022

Glycogen particles are situated in key areas of the muscle cell in the vicinity of the main energy‐consumption sites and may be utilised heterogeneously dependent on the nature of the metabolic demands. The present study aimed to investigate the time course of fibre type‐specific utilisation of muscle glycogen in three distinct subcellular fractions (intermyofibrillar, IMF; intramyofibrillar, Intra; and subsarcolemmal, SS) during repeated high‐intensity intermittent exercise. Eighteen moderately to well‐trained male participants performed three periods of 10 × 45 s cycling at ∼105% watt max (EX1–EX3) coupled with 5 × 6 s maximal sprints at baseline and after each period. Muscle biopsies were sampled at baseline and after EX1 and EX3. A higher glycogen breakdown rate in type 2 compared to type 1 fibres was found during EX1 for the Intra (−72 vs. −45%) and IMF (−59 vs. −35%) glycogen fractions (P < 0.001) but with no differences for SS glycogen (−52 vs. −40%). In contrast, no fibre type differences were observed during EX2–EX3, where the utilisation of Intra and IMF glycogen in type 2 fibres was reduced, resulting in depletion of all three subcellular fractions to very low levels post‐exercise within both fibre types. Importantly, large heterogeneity in single‐fibre glycogen utilisation was present with an early depletion of especially Intra glycogen in individual type 2 fibres. In conclusion, there is a clear fibre type‐ and localisation‐specific glycogen utilisation during high‐intensity intermittent exercise, which varies with time course of exercise and is characterised by exacerbated pool‐specific glycogen depletion at the single‐fibre level.

image

Key points

Muscle glycogen is the major fuel during high‐intensity exercise and is stored in distinct subcellular areas of the muscle cell in close vicinity to the main energy consumption sites.

In the present study quantitative electron microscopy imaging was used to investigate the utilisation pattern of three distinct subcellular muscle glycogen fractions during repeated high‐intensity intermittent exercise.

It is shown that the utilisation differs dependent on fibre type, subcellular localisation and time course of exercise and with large single‐fibre heterogeneity.

These findings expand on our understanding of subcellular muscle glycogen metabolism during exercise and may help us explain how reductions in muscle glycogen can attenuate muscle function even at only moderately lowered whole‐muscle glycogen concentrations.
Ionic signalling mechanisms involved in neurokinin‐3 receptor‐mediated augmentation of fear‐potentiated startle response in the basolateral amygdala
Authors: Boyle Cody A. , Hu Binqi , Quaintance Kati L. , Mastrud Morgan R. , Lei Saobo
Published: August 2022

The tachykinin peptides include substance P (SP), neurokinin A and neurokinin B, which interact with three G‐protein‐coupled neurokinin receptors, NK1Rs, NK2Rs and NK3Rs, respectively. Whereas high densities of NK3Rs have been detected in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), the functions of NK3Rs in this brain region have not been determined. We found that activation of NK3Rs by application of the selective agonist, senktide, persistently excited BLA principal neurons. NK3R‐elicited excitation of BLA neurons was mediated by activation of a non‐selective cation channel and depression of the inwardly rectifying K+(Kir) channels. With selective channel blockers and knockout mice, we further showed that NK3R activation excited BLA neurons by depressing the G protein‐activated inwardly rectifying K+(GIRK) channels and activating TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. The effects of NK3Rs required the functions of phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ), but were independent of intracellular Ca2+release and protein kinase C. PLCβ‐mediated depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate was involved in NK3R‐induced excitation of BLA neurons. Microinjection of senktide into the BLA of rats augmented fear‐potentiated startle (FPS) and this effect was blocked by prior injection of the selective NK3R antagonist SB 218795, suggesting that activation of NK3Rs in the BLA increased FPS. We further showed that TRPC4/5 and GIRK channels were involved in NK3R‐elicited facilitation of FPS. Our results provide a cellular and molecular mechanism whereby NK3R activation excites BLA neurons and enhances FPS.

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Key points

Activation of NK3 receptors (NK3Rs) facilitates the excitability of principal neurons in rat basolateral amygdala (BLA).

NK3R‐induced excitation is mediated by inhibition of GIRK channels and activation of TRPC4/5 channels.

Phospholipase Cβ and depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate are necessary for NK3R‐mediated excitation of BLA principal neurons.

Activation of NK3Rs in the BLA facilitates fear‐potentiated startle response.

GIRK channels and TRPC4/5 channels are involved in NK3R‐mediated augmentation of fear‐potentiated startle.
The golfer's curse revisited with motion constants
Authors: Pujol Olivier , Pérez José-Philippe
Published: August 2022

We revisit the golfer's curse, which is the possibility that a golf ball can emerge from the cylindrical hole into which it has entered. Our analysis focuses on three constants of the motion. One of these is the energy, because we assume that the ball rolls without slipping on the inner wall of the hole, losing only a small amount of energy to rolling resistance; the other two are related to the angular momentum about the contact point of the ball with the inner wall of the hole. We develop an analysis of the motion of the ball and report measurements of the moment of inertia of a real golf ball. Solving the equation of motion along the vertical direction, we address the question of whether or not the ball could complete a vertical oscillation without reaching the bottom of the hole. We also present measurements of the dynamical friction for a golf ball and discuss dissipation in slip conditions. We conclude by proposing a challenge to golf players: to find a way to send a ball into a hole in order to make it emerge.
Conic transfer arcs for Kepler's problem
Authors: Easton Robert W. , Anderson Rodney L. , Lo Martin W.
Published: August 2022

A fundamental problem in spacecraft mission design is to find free-flight paths from one place to another that satisfy various design criteria. We explore the geometry of free-flight paths between departure and arrival points for Kepler's problem. Newton showed that these paths are conic arcs. We find the parameters for all conic paths between a departure and an arrival point as a function of one key variable called the inside angle. Once the paths are written in terms of this single parameter, then it is straightforward to find the path that takes a specified travel time (the Lambert problem) or to perform other optimizations such as minimizing the fuel costs.
An approach to graded physics colloquium assignments
Authors: Burkholder Eric W.
Published: August 2022

Although attending departmental seminars is a common requirement in graduate education, the goals of this requirement are seldom explicitly stated, and its success at achieving these goals has not been studied. We developed a model for a graded colloquium course that encourages students to reflect on the effectiveness of the presentations, since the faculty in our department stated that one of their main goals for the students was to help them learn to give high quality presentations. An informal survey of students finds that this goal was partially achieved and also suggests improvements to the assignments and topics for future study.
Sensory Gating in TAAR1 Knockout Mice
Authors: Aleksandrov A. A. , Dmitrieva E. S. , Knyazeva V. M. , Simon Y. A. , Polyakova N. V. , Stankevich L. N. , Aleksandrov A. Y.
Published: August 2022

Trace amines (TA) are a family of endogenous compounds structurally
similar to classical biogenic amines that may be involved in the
pathogenesis of a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. One of the
most studied and perspective member of the TA associated receptors (TAARs)
family is the TAAR1. The aim of the present study was to investigate
the sensory gating (SG) in freely moving TAAR1 knockout mice in
a chronic experiment. The study of SG was conducted in the paired-click
paradigm. The SG indices were calculated as an absolute value by subtracting
the second stimulus response amplitude from the first stimulus response
amplitude (S1–S2) and as a relative value calculated by dividing
the S2 amplitude by the response amplitude on S1 (S2/S1). As a result,
a significant decrease in the amplitude of the N40 component was
found in TAAR1 knockout mice compared to wild-type mice. In addition,
the absolute value of sensory gating calculated by the S1–S2 method
was also reduced, but the relative value of sensory gating denoted
as S1/S2 ratio remained unchanged. Thus, the data obtained indicate
the involvement of TAAR1 in the generation of auditory evoked potentials
and the potential involvement of the trace amine system in the dosing
and filtering of sensory information.
Erratum to: Prospects for Membrane Deoxygenation of Alkanolamine CO2 Solvents to Prevent Their Degradation (A Minireview)
Authors: Bazhenov S. D.
Published: August 2022

Erratum
Electron mass renormalization and absorption of hard photons
Authors: Pourjafarabadi Esmaiel , Mojavezi Amirhosein
Published: August 2022

Mass renormalization of the electron in configurations such as metallic hydride surfaces due to electromagnetic field fluctuations leads to mass enhancement of the electron, which is known as the heavy electron. The effective mass renormalization has substantial consequences in the theory of electromagnetic field interaction with matter (QED). One of the fascinating effects appears when an external photon interacts with the heavy electron. In this case, the wavelength of the scattered photon from the electron increases and the hard photon turns into a soft photon. In this paper, we present a novel mechanism to show how the heavy electron results in hard photon absorption.
First-principles study on ultralow lattice thermal conductivity in HfGeTe4
Authors: Zhou Xiu-Feng , Zhou Jian
Published: August 2022

Materials with ultralow lattice thermal conductivity have attracted considerable interest in thermoelectrics and thermal management. Here, we have studied the lattice thermal conductivities in the layered material, hafnium germanium tetratelluride HfGeTe4, by the first-principles calculations and revealed an ultralow out-of-plane lattice thermal conductivity of [Formula: see text] at 300 K. HfGeTe4 also had a large anisotropy in its lattice thermal conductivities, and the [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratio reached as high as 10.4 at 300 K. By analyzing its phonon dispersion, group velocities, and lifetimes, we find that the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of HfGeTe4 was mainly due to the small group velocities and short lifetimes of phonons, which was essentially caused by its heavy elements and complex layered crystal structure. Considering that HfGeTe4 is a semiconductor with a moderate band gap, HfGeTe4 would be a potential thermoelectric material. Our work sheds light on future studies on the thermoelectric properties of HfGeTe4.
Underwater sound absorption performance of exponential gradient anechoic coating
Authors: Si Teng-Fei , Hou Zhen-Hua , Li Tian-Ge , Zhang Zhi-Jun
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the gradient anechoic coating whose density changes exponentially along direction of thickness is investigated. A numerical model is established by finite element method (FEM) to analyze the underwater sound absorption performance under different density distribution. The calculation results show that the exponential anechoic coating has better sound absorption performance compared with the homogeneous medium and linear anechoic coating. In addition, a discrete layered method is proposed to achieve gradient characteristics. In order to change the equivalent density of each layer, periodically distributed semi-cylindrical steel scatterers with different diameters are embedded in each layer. Therefore, the density function of the whole coating changes in exponential gradient with stepped function. Based on the sound absorption mechanism of multiple scattering and waveform conversion, the sound absorption is improved in low-frequency band from 0 Hz to 1000 Hz. The exponential gradient anechoic coating has potential applications in underwater sound absorption and vibration control.
Multi-party deterministic secure quantum communication using d-dimension GHZ state
Authors: Guo Han , Li Yunxia , Wei Jiahua , Tang Jie , Cao Yuexiang
Published: August 2022

Quantum direct communication (QDC) uses the basic principle of quantum mechanics to realize the secure communication between legal parties. Deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC), as a branch of QDC, is a way to transmit secret message with the aid of classical bits. In this paper, a multi-party DSQC based on [Formula: see text]-dimension [Formula: see text]-particles GHZ states is proposed, in which unitary operation is not required. On the basis of [Formula: see text]-dimension single-photon measurement results, the communication parties encode and decode the message through performing modulo addition and subtraction. In addition, the scheme uses the added [Formula: see text]-dimension single photon for eavesdropping detection. The scheme has expansibility and universality. It can scale to as many parties in any dimension as required. Based on the star-shaped communication structure, it can be extended to a network to achieve the rapid communication of secret message across regions.