bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure functional insights into calcium binding during the activation of coagulation factor XIII A
Authors: Singh Sneha , Dodt Johannes , Volkers Peter , Hethershaw Emma , Philippou Helen , Ivaskevicius Vytautus , Imhof Diana , Oldenburg Johannes , Biswas Arijit
Published: August 2019

The dimeric FXIII-A2, a pro-transglutaminase is the catalytic part of the heterotetrameric coagulation FXIII-A2B2 complex that upon activation by calcium binding/thrombin cleavage covalently cross-links preformed fibrin clots protecting them from premature fibrinolysis. Our study characterizes the recently disclosed three calcium binding sites of FXIII-A concerning evolution, mutual crosstalk, thermodynamic activation profile, substrate binding, and interaction with other similarly charged ions. We demonstrate unique structural aspects within FXIII-A calcium binding sites that give rise to functional differences making FXIII unique from other transglutaminases. The first calcium binding site showed an antagonistic relationship towards the other two. The thermodynamic profile of calcium/thrombin-induced FXIII-A activation explains the role of bulk solvent in transitioning its zymogenic dimeric form to an activated monomeric form. We also explain the indirect effect of solvent ion concentration on FXIII-A activation. Our study suggests FXIII-A calcium binding sites could be putative pharmacologically targetable regions.
The ocular surface after successful glaucoma filtration surgery: a clinical, in vivo confocal microscopy, and immune-cytology study
Authors: Agnifili Luca , Brescia Lorenza , Oddone Francesco , Sacchi Matteo , D’Ugo Erminia , Di Marzio Guido , Perna Fabiana , Costagliola Ciro , Mastropasqua Rodolfo
Published: August 2019

We investigated the ocular surface (OS) system modifications after completely successful glaucoma surgery in thirty-eight patients undergoing trabeculectomy (surgical group), using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and impression cytology (IC). Twenty-six medically controlled glaucomatous patients served as controls (medical group). LSCM, IC, and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) questionnaires, were performed at baseline and after six months. The main outcomes were: goblet cell density (GCD), limbal dendritic cell density (LDCD), subbasal corneal nerve inhomogeneity (SCNI), Meibomian gland density and inhomogeneity (MGD, MGI), and HLA-DR positivity. There were no significant baseline differences between groups. At the sixth month, the surgical group showed a GCD increase (p < 0.001), and a LDCD, SCNI, MGI, HLA-DR (p < 0.001), OSDI and NEI VFQ-25 scores decrease (p < 0.05). The medical group did not show significant OS modifications, showing LSCM and IC parameters significantly worse compared to the surgical group (p < 0.001). The OSDI score correlated with GCD, MGI, SCNI, LDCD, and HLA-DR (p < 0.001; p < 0.05; p < 0.01). The present study found that the whole OS system objectively improved after completely successful glaucoma filtration surgery. These changes positively affected the OSDI score, but not the NEI VFQ-25 score.
Solvent demulsification-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of 13 organophosphate esters in aqueous samples
Authors: Luo Qing , Wang Shiyu , Adeel Muhammad , Shan Yue , Wang Hui , Sun Li-na
Published: August 2019

This study developed a novel method for the determination of 13 organophosphate esters (OPEs) in aqueous samples through the optimization of solvent demulsification-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop procedure coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed method was rapid and accurate and could be used in field applications. Under the most suitable conditions, the limit of detection and limit of quantification ranged from 0.16 ng/L to 20.0 ng/L and from 0.55 ng/L to 66.7 ng/L, respectively. The enrichment factors (EFs) ranged from 30 to 46. The relative standard deviations were less than 15%. The spiked recoveries ranged between 68.2% and 97.7% in the analysis of actual aqueous samples. The proposed method was convenient, environment friendly, and time and solvent saving and could be used in field applications compared with other methods. Various concentrations and types of OPEs were detected in tap water, river water, and effluent of sewage treatment plant. Effluent samples had the highest detected levels and types of OPEs.
Iron accumulation in tumor-associated macrophages marks an improved overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Thielmann Carl Maximilian , Costa da Silva Milene , Muley Thomas , Meister Michael , Herpel Esther , Muckenthaler Martina U.
Published: August 2019

Iron-loaded tumor-associated macrophages (iTAMs) show a pro-inflammatory phenotype, hallmarked by anti-tumorigenic activity and an ability to attenuate tumor growth. Here we explored the relevance of these findings in lung cancer patients by investigating the impact of the iTAM content in the tumor microenvironment (TME) on patient survival. We analyzed 102 human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) paraffin-embedded archival tissue samples for iron levels and macrophage numbers. Interestingly, patients with lung adenocarcinoma accumulating iron in the TME show higher numbers of M1-like pro-inflammatory TAMs and a survival advantage compared to iron-negative patients. By contrast, in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma iron in the TME does not affect survival, suggesting a unique influence of iron on different histological subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conclude that in lung adenocarcinoma iron may serve as a prognostic marker for patient survival and as a potential therapeutic target for anti-cancer therapy.
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors impair CD4 T cell immunity and exacerbate Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in aerosol-challenged mice
Authors: Mortensen Rasmus , Clemmensen Helena Strand , Woodworth Joshua S. , Therkelsen Marie Louise , Mustafa Tehmina , Tonby Kristian , Jenum Synne , Agger Else Marie , Dyrhol-Riise Anne Ma , Andersen Peter
Published: August 2019

Tuberculosis, caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), kills over 1.6 million people each year despite availability of antibiotics. The increase in drug resistant Mtb strains is a major public health emergency and host-directed therapy as adjunct to antibiotic treatment has gained increased interest. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COXi) are frequently used drugs to alleviate tuberculosis related symptoms. Mouse studies of acute intravenous Mtb infection have suggested a potential benefit of COXi for host-directed therapy. Here we show that COXi treatment (ibuprofen and celecoxib) is detrimental to Mtb control in different mouse models of respiratory infection. This effect links to impairments of the Type-1 helper (Th1) T-cell response as CD4 T-cells in COXi-treated animals have significantly decreased Th1 differentiation, reduced IFNγ expression and decreased protective capacity upon adoptive transfer. If confirmed in clinical trials, these findings could have major impact on global health and question the use of COXi for host-directed therapy.
Freezing promoted hybridization of very short DNA oligonucleotides
Authors: Xu Yuancong , Huang Kunlun , Lopez Anand , Xu Wentao , Liu Juewen
Published: August 2019

Freezing promotes the hybridization of very short DNA oligonucleotides with excellent specificity, and using multiple short probes can target a long complementary strand.
Diphosphene radical cations and dications with a π-conjugated C2P2C2-framework
Authors: Sharma Mahendra K. , Rottschäfer Dennis , Blomeyer Sebastian , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans-Georg , van Gastel Maurice , Hinz Alexander , Ghadwal Rajendra S.
Published: August 2019

The synthesis and characterization of the crystalline diphosphene radical cations [P2]+˙ and dications [P2]2+featuring a π-conjugated C2P2C2-framework have been reported (Dipp = 2,6- iPr2C6H3).
Pd-catalyzed cascade reactions involving skipped dienes: from double carbopalladation to remote C–C cleavage
Authors: Azizollahi Hamid , Mehta Vaibhav P. , García-López José-Antonio
Published: August 2019

A ligand-controlled Pd-catalyzed cascade relying in the control of two distinctive processes: oxidative addition to Pd(0) and isomerization of olefins.
The combustion synthesis of highly crystalline boron nitride nanosheets and their application in thermoconductive polymeric composites
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Hua , Yang Xiao , He Gang , Yang Zengchao , Li Jiangtao
Published: August 2019

We report scalable fabrication of single crystalline BNNS by a magnesiothermic reduction combustion synthesis method and their applications in thermoconductive polymeric composites.
Designed synthesis of porous NiMoO4/C composite nanorods for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Tong Boli , Wei Wutao , Chen Xueli , Wang Jing , Ye Wanyu , Cui Shizhong , Chen Weihua , Mi Liwei
Published: August 2019

Porous and carbon composited binary transition metal oxide nanomaterials provide high ionic conductivity and electronic conductivity.
Formation of N-oxido copper ethylenediaminetetraacetate and propanediaminetetraacetate and their selective degradation to iminodiacetate and propanediaminediacetate
Authors: Yang Yu-Chen , Wu Rui , Yang Min , Chen Xi , Weng Wei-Zheng , Zhou Zhao-Hui
Published: August 2019

N-Oxido copper(ii) ethylenediaminetetraacetate Na4n[Cu2(edtaO2)2(H2O)4]n·13nH2O was obtained from the reaction of copper(ii) edta with hydrogen peroxide. Lower pH results in the degradation product iminodiacetate.
In situ electron microscopy observation of the redox process in plasmonic heterogeneous-photo-sensitive nanoparticles
Authors: Muraca Diego , Scaffardi Lucia B. , Santillán Jesica M. J. , Muñetón Arboleda David , Schinca Daniel C. , Bettini Jefferson
Published: August 2019

Observation of relevant phenomena related with dynamical redox process in a plasmonic heterogeneous-photocatalyst system composed by Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in contact with amorphous AgCl NPs are reported by in situ transmission electron microscopy.
Biowaste derived graphene quantum dots interlaced with SnO2 nanoparticles – a dynamic disinfection agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Mohan Anu N. , B. Manoj
Published: August 2019

A biocidal GQD/SnO2 nanocomposite derived from discarded sugarcane bagasse is a cost effective, renewable and green replacement for the traditional hazardous microbicides.
Exploring oxidovanadium(iv) homoleptic complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives as prospective antitrypanosomal agents
Authors: Scalese Gonzalo , Machado Ignacio , Correia Isabel , Pessoa Joao Costa , Bilbao Lucía , Pérez-Diaz Leticia , Gambino Dinorah
Published: August 2019

[VIVO(L-H)2] and [VVO(OCH3)(L-H)2] compounds of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives L showed activity againstTrypanosoma cruziandLeishmania infantumand high selectivities. Metallomics and interaction with BSA, apo-HTF and DNA were studied.
A hydroxamic-acid-containing nucleoside inhibits DNA repair nuclease SNM1A
Authors: Doherty William , Dürr Eva-Maria , Baddock Hannah T. , Lee Sook Y. , McHugh Peter J. , Brown Tom , Senge Mathias O. , Scanlan Eoin M. , McGouran Joanna F.
Published: August 2019

Modified thymidine incorporating zinc-binding pharmacophores offers a novel approach for inhibitor development of SNM1A using rationally designed nucleoside derived inhibitors.
Sparks fly when AIE meets with polymers
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Liu Shunjie , Han Ting , Zhang Haoke , Chuah Clarence , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: August 2019

The special structure of AIEgens facilitates the understanding and application of polymers.
Synthesis, structural studies and biological properties of some phosphono-perfluorophenylalanine derivatives formed by SNAr reactions
Authors: Kwiczak-Yiğitbaşı Joanna , Pirat Jean-Luc , Virieux David , Volle Jean-Noël , Janiak Agnieszka , Hoffmann Marcin , Mrzygłód Jakub , Wawrzyniak Dariusz , Barciszewski Jan , Pluskota-Karwatka Donata
Published: August 2019

Several novel phosphono-perfluorophenylalanine derivatives, as mimetics of phenylalanine, were synthesized by subjecting diethyl (2-(perfluorophenyl)-1-(phenylamino)ethyl)-phosphonate to SNAr reactions with thiols, amines and phenols.
Influence of the aromatic surface on the capacity of adsorption of VOCs by magnetite supported organic–inorganic hybrids
Authors: Piña María de las Nieves , Gutiérrez María Susana , Panagos Mario , Duel Paulino , León Alberto , Morey Jeroni , Quiñonero David , Frontera Antonio
Published: August 2019

The effect of changing the size of the aromatic surface (perylene diimide, naphthalene diimide and pyromellitic diimide) upon the ability of hybrid magnetic nanoparticles to adsorb VOCs is rationalized in this work.
Self-curing super-stretchable polymer/microgel complex coacervate gels without covalent bond formation
Authors: Wu Shanglin , Zhu Mingning , Lu Dongdong , Milani Amir H. , Lian Qing , Fielding Lee A. , Saunders Brian R. , Derry Matthew J. , Armes Steven P. , Adlam Daman , Hoyland Judith A.
Published: August 2019

A new class of super-stretchable gel that does not involve covalent bonds being formed is introduced by mixing pre-formed pH-responsive microgel particles and branched polyethyleneimine followed by annealing at T ≥ 37 °C.
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in infantile hemangioma endothelial cells via down-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Lou Lin , Chen Guo , Zhong Bing , Liu Feng
Published: August 2019

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) has a variety of pharmacological and biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, anti-apoptosis, immune regulation and other pharmacological effects; however, the effect of LBP on infantile hemangioma (IH) was less reported. Primary human hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) were isolated from fresh surgical specimens of patients. HemECs was treated with LBP and the changes in proliferative and apoptotic signaling pathways were investigated by performing cell counting kit-8, cloning formation experiment, in vitro angiogenesis experiment, flow cytometry, Western blot, immunofluorescence, HE stain and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that LBP potently inhibited the proliferation of HemECs and achieved a low-micromolar IC50 (45 and 40 μg/ml, the half maximal inhibitory concentration) value and less angiogenesis, however, the IC50 had no effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) viability. LBP treatment induced apoptosis in HemECs, which was supported by positive Annexin-V-FITC staining, the activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and the inhibition of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2). Moreover, the result demonstrated that LBP suppressed the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki67, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFR2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signal pathway. PI3K-specific agonist (IGF-1) had promotive effects on HemECs proliferation, which was reversed by LBP. Our study suggests that the effectiveness of LBP in IHs may be associated with its potent anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities in HemECs. Thus, our findings may provide an effective medicine for IHs treatment.
LncRNA SNHG1 alleviates IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis by inhibiting miR-16-5p-mediated p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways
Authors: Lei Jinlai , Fu Yahui , Zhuang Yan , Zhang Kun , Lu Daigang
Published: August 2019

Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) has been reported in the occurrence and development of several diseases, but its biological role and mechanism in osteoarthritis (OA) remain to be illuminated. In the present research, we aimed to investigate the effect of SNHG1 on IL-1β-induced OA and its molecular mechanism. Results revealed that SNHG1 decreased the expression of MMPs, ADAMTs, collagen, and aggrecan, and ameliorates IL-1β-induced metabolic dysfunction in normal human chondrocytes-keen. In addition, SNHG1 inhibited the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in chondrocytes, including NO, PGE2, IL-6, TNF-α, i-NOS, and COX-2. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that SNHG1 could directly interact with miR-16-5p and suppressed miR-16-5p expression and activity. What is more, miR-16-5p overexpression reversed SNHG1-inhibited aberrant catabolism and inflammation triggered by IL-1β stimulation. Finally, SNHG1 inhibits the expression of miR-16-5p-mediated factors involved in p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, including ERK1/2, p-p38 and p-p65. Taken together, the results of our studies illuminate that SNHG1 alleviates the inflammation of IL-1β-induced OA through the activation of miR-16-5p-mediated p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway. It suggested that SNHG1 may serve as a potential target for OA diagnosis and treatment.
Resource allocation for edge computing over fibre‐wireless access networks
Authors: Wang Qingtian , Shou Guochu , Liu Jing , Liu Yaqiong , Hu Yihong , Guo Zhigang
Published: August 2019

Edge Computing (EC) has been proposed as a promising approach to fulfil the requirements of high bandwidth and ultra‐latency of mobile applications. However, existing researches on resource allocation only consider the computing resource of mobile devices and EC servers, while ignored the constraint of the networking resources once spreading applications among multiple EC servers via wireless and wired networks. Fibre‐Wireless access networks (FiWi) combine the huge bandwidth of optical fibre networks and flexible access of wireless networks to address the above issue and bridge the coexistence of multiple EC servers. They propose a Virtualisation‐based Architecture converging EC over FiWi (VAECFW) to centralise control and allocate networking and computing resources for serving requested services. In addition, they study the problem of resource allocation of EC over FiWi and propose two algorithms Revenue‐based Virtual Network Embedding (R‐VNE) and Balanced Central Processing Unit Resource Allocation with Virtual Network Embedding (BCRA‐VNE). Simulation experiments show that the services acceptance ratio is increased about 35% under their proposed architecture, and the average service requests bandwidth utilisation of R‐VNE is increasing from 50 to 66%, and the BCRA‐VNE is from 37 to 48%. The two algorithms not only achieve higher revenue but also get better profit rate.
SVD‐based image compression, encryption, and identity authentication algorithm on cloud
Authors: Yu Changzhi , Li Hengjian , Wang Xiyu
Published: August 2019

Based on singular value decomposition (SVD), an image compression, encryption, and identity authentication scheme is proposed here. This scheme can not only encrypt image data which would store in the cloud but also implement identity authentication. The authors use the SVD to decompose the image data into three parts: the left singular value matrix, the right singular value matrix, and the singular value matrix. The left singular value matrix and right singular value matrix are not as important as the singular value matrix. They propose a logistic‐tent‐sine chaotic system to encrypt them. In this scheme, they proposed a novel authentication value calculation algorithm, which can calculate the authentication value according to related data. According to the authentication value calculated from the ciphertext, the algorithm has the perfect authentication performance, so as in the scenarios if the image is cropped or added noisy. Theoretical analysis and empirical evaluations show that the proposed system can achieve better compression performance, satisfactory security performance, and low computational complexity.
2D spatial optimisation of functionally graded materials used as insulators for field stress control
Authors: Qasim Syed Abdullah , Gupta Nandini
Published: August 2019

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are expected to be useful in the electrical industry, especially for achieving an efficient electric field stress control. However, as these are relatively new materials, there are a number of unanswered research questions around them. A novel method to obtain an optimised spatial distribution of permittivity or electrical conductivity of FGMs used as insulators for electric stress control is presented in this study. The problem is envisaged as the realisation of two objectives viz., (i) to minimise maximum stress and (ii) to achieve a more uniform electric stress distribution. Permittivity or electrical conductivity of FGMs is considered as variables of optimisation and based on this a unique stochastically‐controlled multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation technique is developed. The spatial optimisation of the properties has been carried out in 2‐dimensions, which, unlike previous studies is more realistic. After validation with results available in the literature, it has been found that the electric field distribution in a cable termination is greatly improved by using stress control tube (SCT) having optimised permittivity gradation, which further improves by using SCT of optimised conductivity gradation.
Quasi-static contraction during runaway gas accretion onto giant planets
Authors: Lambrechts M. , Lega E. , Nelson R. P. , Crida A. , Morbidelli A.
Published: August 2019

Gas-giant planets, like Jupiter and Saturn, acquire massive gaseous envelopes during the approximately 3 Myr-long lifetimes of protoplanetary discs. In the core accretion scenario, the formation of a solid core of around ten Earth masses triggers a phase of rapid gas accretion. Previous 3D grid-based hydrodynamical simulations found that runaway gas accretion rates correspond to approximately 10 to 100 Jupiter masses per Myr. Such high accretion rates would result in all planets with larger than ten Earth-mass cores to form Jupiter-like planets, which is in clear contrast to the ice giants in the Solar System and the observed exoplanet population. In this work, we used 3D hydrodynamical simulations, that include radiative transfer, to model the growth of the envelope on planets with different masses. We find that gas flows rapidly through the outer part of the envelope, but this flow does not drive accretion. Instead, gas accretion is the result of quasi-static contraction of the inner envelope, which can be orders of magnitude smaller than the mass flow through the outer atmosphere. For planets smaller than Saturn, we measured moderate gas accretion rates that are below one Jupiter mass per Myr. Higher mass planets, however, accrete up to ten times faster and do not reveal a self-driven mechanism that can halt gas accretion. Therefore, the reason for the final masses of Saturn and Jupiter remains difficult to understand, unless their completion coincided with the dissipation of the solar nebula.
Attitude Calculation of AHRS Based on Geomagnetic Field Adaptive Correction
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Mingyong , Wang Mengfan , Guo Jiaojiao , Lei Gang , Zhang Xiaojian
Published: August 2019

In the attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), the output noise of MEMS gyroscope is too large, zero drift can not be eliminated completely, and the output of angular rate is easy to be interfered, which leads to low accuracy and large accumulated error of attitude quaternion and so on. In this paper, an adaptive extended Kalman filter algorithm is proposed based on the information of geophysical field (earth gravity field and geomagnetic field) to continuously and adaptively correct the accumulated error of MEMS gyroscope in attitude calculation. The experimental results via ROS robot platform show that the proposed algorithm can effectively solve the problem of large accumulated error in the process of attitude quaternion solution, and improve the accuracy of attitude calculation, thus the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified.
Design and Analysis of Variable Flexible Actuator for Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: Wang Wendong , Sun Tongsen , Yuan Xiaoqing , Li Jinzhe , Ming Xing
Published: August 2019

In view of the shortcomings of the traditional high-rigidity robots that can't ensure safety of human-robot interaction and the adaptability of complex environment, a variable stiffness flexible actuator is proposed for the robot joint based on the magnetorheological (MR) effect of MR Fluids. In this paper, the principle of flexible joint drive is detailed, and design the structure of the drive and perform mechanical analysis is designed. At the same time, the magnetic field analysis of the actuator is carried out by using the magnetic field simulation software Maxwell. Finally, the actuator is simulated and verified. Comparing the analysis of the results, the actuator has the characteristics of simple structure, easy control and wider active variable stiffness adjustment range, and can absorb the vibration or shock energy, and improve the robot joint output ability.
Target Cooperative Location Method of Multi-UAV Based on Pseudo Range Measurement
Authors: Qu Yaohong , Zhang Feng , Gu Renneng , Yuan Dongli
Published: August 2019

Based on the locations of several unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the pseudo ranges to a target, a target cooperative location method is proposed in this paper. The nonlinear equation about real pseudo distance information is transformed to another equation by using Tayloy formula. By solving the above equation, position information of the target can be obtained. Meanwhile, the certain equation's variables are the measured results of pseudo distances, location errors of UAVs and distance-measuring errors of range sensors. Besides, an online enumeration method is applied to search for the best formation, whose objective is to enhance the location accuracy, and the mentioned formation is mapped to the minimal GDOP. The simulations verify the validity and adaptability of the proposed method.
A New Video Tracking Algorithm Based on Multi-Complementary Features Fusion
Authors: Zhang Junchang , Zhang Deng , Wan Jinjin
Published: August 2019

In order to make full use of the diversity of sample information in the tracking process and improve the generalization ability of the tracker, this paper integrates the object model prediction results on the basis of the Staple algorithm, and applies weighted bands to the simple linearity of different predictive response results in the algorithm. To the uncertainties, a new adaptive response factor graph fusion method with weight coefficients is proposed, which effectively improves the reliability of the video target tracking algorithm. Theoretical analysis and experimental simulation show that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and robust than the classical Staple algorithm, and it maintains high real-time performance.
A Multi-User Schedule Method for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in 5G Heterogeneous Network
Authors: Xie Yi
Published: August 2019

Heterogeneous network is supposed to be the dominant network architecture of the fifth generation (5G) cellular network, which means small cells are overlaid on the macrocell. The beamforming (BF) and cell expansion are two important approaches to serve users in small cells. Furthermore, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a new type of multiple access multiplexing which improves system performance without taking up extra spectrum resources. Therefore, it becomes one promising technique in 5G. In this paper, NOMA is applied in a 5G heterogeneous network with biased small cells. The BF strategy and the multiuser scheduling method are proposed. The main user in NOMA is scheduled inside the original coverage of the small cell while the side user is chosen from the biased expansion area. The BF strategy that is executed depends on the channel of main user. The multiuser scheduling method is to maximize the rate performance. The proposed method can provide performance benefits. Simulation results show that the proposed methods can be well applied in heterogeneous networks. The achieved performance gain is approximately twice better than traditional OMA and has 10% improvement to the stochastic schedule method. In addition, the average rate of cell edge users is improved.
Target Allocation Method of Multi-Aircraft Cooperative Air Combat Based on Improved Artificial Immune Algorithm
Authors: Gao Yangyang , Chen Shuangyan , Yu Minjian , Hai Jing , Fang Ruiyue
Published: August 2019

Aiming at the target allocation of multi-aircraft cooperative air combat, an improved artificial immune algorithm is proposed based on the modeling for comprehensive superiority function. Firstly, the random generation method and artificial construction method are used to create two initial populations, which ensure the diversity of the initial populations; following is to evolve the populations by adopting two different selection, crossover and mutation operations; then, the designed new immigration operator is used to exchange information among the populations, which further increases the diversity of the populations and improves the search efficiency. Finally, the comparison of the improved artificial immune algorithm with the traditional artificial immune algorithm had been made. Simulation results show that the improved artificial immune algorithm can effectively improve the premature convergence problem, and the search efficiency, the optimal allocation scheme is obtained, which is suitable for target allocation problem of multi-aircraft cooperative air combat and meet the actual operational requirements.
The Influence of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma on the Characteristics of Aero-Engine Combustion Chamber
Authors: Chen Yi , Fei Li , He Liming , Zhang Lei , Zhu Chunchang , Deng Jun
Published: August 2019

A test platform was developed to investigate the performance of aero-engine combustor by the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma assisted combustion (PAC) in the simulated maximum condition. Conventional combustion experiments and plasma-assisted combustion conditions were conducted to study the effect of PAC on the performances including average outlet temperature, combustion efficiency and pattern factor under four different excessive air coefficients five different voltages. The comparative experiment shows that the combustion efficiency is improved after PAC compared with the normal conditions, the combustion efficiency of PAC increases 2.31% in the fuel-rich condition when Up-p is 40 kV. The uniformity of the outlet temperature field is also improved after PAC, the decrease of the pattern factor is more than 5% in the fuel-rich condition. These results offer certain reference value for the future application of PAC in aero-engine combustor and improving its performance.
The Method of Trajectory and Attitude Data Generation for Space Target
Authors: Chen Erkang , Gao Changsheng , Jing Wuxing
Published: August 2019

To solve the problem of space targets' trajectory and attitude data generation in system simulation, the characteristics of various types of ballistic missiles and their midcourse targets are analyzed deeply. The baseline ballistic is divided into four types and design methods are given respectively, based on which multiple independently reentry vehicle (MIRV) ballistic design method is established. This method doesn't need preparations and simplifies the system simulation. In addition, an attitude data generation method according to micro-motion characteristic quantity is proposed in order to simulate midcourse target's micro-motion. This method doesn't require numerical integral and speeds up the computation. Simulation results show that four types of baseline trajectory and MIRV trajectory that can accurately hit the target are generated in ten seconds. In addition, the attitude data can reflect the micro-motion characteristic, and the time for data generation is short. This method can meet the requirements of system simulation.
Group Formation Basd on SATC-ALO and SOM Neural Network
Authors: Yang Rennong , Zhang Zhenxing , Fang Yuhuan , Yu Lixin , Zuo Jialiang
Published: August 2019

Firstly, the problem of group-air grouping is analyzed to introduce the aircraft attribute grouping model and aircraft fuel consumption grouping model. Then, SATC-ALO optimized by Chaos optimization algorithm and Tournament Selection strategy and SOM neural network are used to solve the formation grouping model. Finally, comparative experiments of similarity calculation method and formation grouping method were performed with 50 groups of data. The experimental results show that hybrid method is superior to Euclidean distance method. SATC-ALO algorithm has the highest grouping accuracyand meets the real-time requirements. However, the number of groups needs to be specified in advance. The accuracy of SOM neural network grouping is slightly lower than SATC-ALO algorithm, but the grouping time is lower than SATC-ALO algorithm, and there is no need to specify the number of groups. Both SOM neural network and SATC-ALO algorithm can perfectly solve the problem of group-air grouping and have practical application value.
Vorhang auf!
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: August 2019

„Vorhang auf!“–Dieser Zuruf öffnet Bühnen und Arenen für mannigfaltige Darbietungen: für Komödien, Tragödien und anderweitige Dramen, für die Darbietungen von Heldentenören und Chören und auch für diverse Zirkuskunststücke. Im Zentrum stehen dabei die jeweiligen Akteure (engl. actors): die in den verschiedenen Rollen Handelnden, welche in vielfachen Interaktionen Heiterkeit und Betroffenheit, Ergriffenheit und innere Bewegung, bisweilen auch begeisterte Bewunderung hervorrufen. So werden die Bühnen zu Orten, wo das Wechselspiel der Akteure, wenn ihre Rollen und Persönlichkeiten verstanden sind, kleine Welten und große Geschichten entstehen lassen.
Vitamine und Gesundheit
Authors: Biesalski Hans Konrad
Published: August 2019

Wenn es um gesunde Ernährung und dabei ganz besonders um Vitamine geht, so wird immer wieder darauf hingewiesen: „Wir brauchen keine (zusätzlichen) Vitamine, wir haben genug Obst und Gemüse!“ Beides ist nicht wirklich richtig! Natürlich brauchen wir Vitamine und wir haben durchaus auch genügend Obst und Gemüse. Allerdings sind Obst und Gemüse nicht alleine ausreichend, wenn es um die Versorgung mit Vitaminen geht!
Kulturheilkunde und soziale Gesundheit
Authors: Huber Ellis
Published: August 2019

Ein zerbrechendes soziales Bindegewebe prägt heute Gesundheit und Krankheit mehr als das individuelle Organversagen. Die Zivilisationskrankheiten erfordern eine couragierte Sozialmedizin und eine Naturheilkunde, die die soziale Gesundheit ebenso stärkt wie die individuelle Resilienz. Den Menschen helfen, mit sich selbst, mit ihrer Lebenswelt, mit der Gesellschaft und mit der Natur ins Reine zu kommen, beschreibt die Aufgabe einer politischen Komplementärmedizin.
Bewusst kauen – bewusst entspannen
Authors: Thomae Anna Maria
Published: August 2019

Bewusstes Kauen ist eine sanfte Methode, um Alltagsstress abzubauen. Sie stellt eine wertvolle Ergänzung vorhandener schulmedizinischer Therapiearten bei Craniomandibulärer Dysfunktion (CMD) mit neuromuskulär bedingten Störungen dar, da sie das Bewusstsein schult und das Körperempfinden sowie die Körperkoordination verbessert. Die Technik des Bewussten Kauens steht jedem zur Verfügung, der in Kontakt mit der Kiefermuskeln-Aktivität treten und sich deren Ursprungsaufgaben vergegenwärtigen möchte.
Primäre Prävention – Mamma- und Genitalkarzinome
Authors: Preuß Caroline , Heindl Felix , Hein Alexander , Koch Martin C. , Gaß Paul , Beckmann Matthias W. , Lux Michael P. , Emons Julius
Published: August 2019

In den letzten Jahren haben sich Diagnostik und Therapie im Bereich der gynäkologischen Onkologie und Senologie stetig weiterentwickelt. Dennoch ist das Versterben an einer Krebserkrankung in den hoch entwickelten Ländern eine der häufigsten Todesursachen der Frau 1. Maßnahmen zur Primärprävention sind daher von hoher Bedeutung, um die Morbidität und Mortalität von Krebserkrankungen zu senken.
Segment Coordination Variability During Double Leg Bodyweight Squats at Different Tempos
Authors: King Adam C. , Hannan Kelci B.
Published: August 2019

The aims of this study were twofold: 1) to examine lower extremity coordination during bodyweight squats performed at two different tempos, and 2) to establish a reliable measure of segment coordination variability. Eighteen subjects (10 F, 8 M) completed bodyweight squats at preferred (self-paced) and non-preferred (metronome-paced) tempos. A modified vector coding approach used kinematic data to compute absolute couplings patterns and coordination variability for three couplings (foot-shank, shank-thigh, thigh-trunk) in three planes of motion for the descent and ascent phases of a squat cycle. A coordination variability reliability equation was used to determine the number of squats needed for a reliable index of movement variability relative to total variability over 20 squats. Tempo did not significantly alter the absolute coordination patterns of any couplings. The reliability equation revealed that 5–9 squats were needed for a reliable coordination variability measure. Nine squats provided a reliable measure of coordination that is comparable to using 20 double leg squats in the calculation. Using nine squats ensures reliable calculations in the frontal, sagittal and transverse planes at preferred and non-preferred speeds. These results can be used to guide clinical evaluation of acceptable levels of movement variability during rehabilitation.
Hautkrebsprävention und Sonnenschutzcreme: Ein Update
Authors: Lademann Jürgen , Patzelt A. , Zastrow L. , Meinke M. C. , Darvin M. E. , Knorr F.
Published: August 2019

In den letzten Jahren sind die Hautkrebsraten weltweit gestiegen. Die Anwendung von Sonnenschutzmitteln ist eine weit verbreitete Strategie in der Prävention gegen Hautkrebs, Sonnenbrand und Fotoalterung. Es sollten kombinierte Breitbandfiltersysteme mit hoher Wirkung gegen UV-B- und UV-A-Strahlung eingesetzt werden. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um die Entwicklung von Sonnenschutzmitteln gegen die ebenfalls schädlichen IRA-Strahlen voranzutreiben. Obwohl die regelmäßige Anwendung von Sonnenschutzmitteln ein wesentlicher Bestandteil in der Hautkrebsprävention ist, sollten insbesondere bei Kindern kombinierte Schutzmaßnahmen angewendet werden: Sonnenkarenz bei starker Sonneneinstrahlung, textiler Sonnenschutz, Aufenthalt im Schatten und die Anwendung von Sonnenschutzmitteln.
Recent Advances Towards Syntheses of Diterpenoid Alkaloids
Authors: Dank Christian , Sanichar Randy , Choo Ken-Loon , Olsen Madeline , Lautens Mark
Published: August 2019

The diterpenoid alkaloids serve as a rich source of synthetic targets for organic chemists, due to the intriguing structure of the overlapping ring systems, along with biological activities commonly associated with compounds of this group. Fifteen total syntheses and numerous synthetic studies towards construction of ring fragments have been reported since 2010. This review article gives a brief overview of diterpenoid alkaloids and summarizes the recent synthetic efforts.

1 Introduction

1.1 Structural Classification and Biosynthetic Origin

1.2 Structure Elucidation of the Aconitum Alkaloids

2 Total Syntheses

2.1 C18-Diterpenoid Alkaloids

2.2 C19-Diterpenoid Alkaloids

2.3 C20-Diterpenoid Alkaloids

3 Strategies To Synthesize Ring Systems

3.1 Radical-Based Cyclizations

3.2 Ruthenium-Mediated Enyne Cycloisomerization

3.3 Reductive Coupling

3.4 Diels–Alder Reactions

3.5 Oxidative Dearomatization/Diels–Alder Sequence

3.6 Transannular Aziridation

3.7 Intramolecular [5+2] Cycloaddition

3.8 Miscellaneous

4 Conclusion
A Bioinformatics Toolkit: In Silico Tools and Online Resources for Investigating Genetic Variation
Authors: Webster Simon J. , Aldossary Maryam A. , Hampshire Daniel J.
Published: August 2019

With the advent of large-scale next-generation sequencing initiatives, there is an increasing importance to interpret and understand the potential phenotypic influence of identified genetic variation and its significance in the human genome. Bioinformatics analyses can provide useful information to assist with variant interpretation. This review provides an overview of tools/resources currently available, and how they can help predict the impact of genetic variation at the deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein level.
Advances in Fetal Surgery: Current and Future Relevance in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Gimenez Alejandro , Kopkin Rachel , Chang Daniel K. , Belfort Michael , Reece Edward M.
Published: August 2019

Scarless healing has long been the holy grail for plastic surgery. While historically fetal surgery has tempted plastic surgeons with the allure of scarless correction of congenital abnormalities, the risks far outweighed the benefits and these interventions never materialized. Current advances in fetal surgery with minimally invasive fetoscopic surgery have made these early fetal interventions safer, leading to expanding applications. While the plastic surgeon's role is limited as of yet, this article provides a review of the history of fetal surgery and the advances that may become relevant to the future plastic surgeon.
Cartilage Grafting
Authors: Agrawal Nikhil , Yari Shawn , Engles Drew , Reece Edward M.
Published: August 2019

Arthritis remains a widespread and yet unsolved therapeutic dilemma. Cartilage grafting has proven to be difficult and satisfactory results are often elusive. There are several inherent difficulties. These include both chondrocyte migration and the lack of sufficient uptake of nutrients to allow for graft survival. With autografts, there is also the paucity of symptom-free donor sites. Accordingly, multiple alternative therapies for cartilage regeneration and/or substitution have been developed over time. In this article, the authors shall discuss the options for the treatment of damaged cartilage with a focus on the cartilage grafting techniques.
Four-rod Technique Stabilization after Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy (PSO) for the Treatment of Thoracolumbar Hyperkyphosis Secondary to Pott Disease: A Two-Year Follow-Up Case Report
Authors: Barcelos Alecio Cristino Evangelista Santos , Pinto Sterphany Ohana Soares Azevedo , Teixeira Thaise Ellen de Moura Agra , Nicolau Rayana Ellen Fernandes
Published: August 2019

Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is a powerful tool for the management of sagittal misalignment. However, this procedure has a high rate of implant failure, particularly rod breakages. The four-rod technique diminishes this complication in the lumbar spine. The aim of the present study is to provide a case report regarding PSO and four-rod technique stabilization in the treatment of short-angle hyperkyphosis in the thoracolumbar (TL) junction. The authors describe the case of a patient with TL hyperkyphosis secondary to spinal tuberculosis treated with L1 PSO and fixation with a four-rod technique. There were no major surgical complications. The self-reported quality of life questionnaires (the Short-Form Health Survey 36 [SF-36] and the Oswestry disability index) and radiological parameters were assessed preoperatively, as well as 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery, and they showed considerable and sustained improvements in pain control and quality of life. No hardware failure was observed at the two-year follow-up.
Comments on the Retraction by PLoS ONE of a Laboratory Study on Arnica montana
Authors: Bellavite Paolo , Marzotto Marta
Published: August 2019

In June 2019, the journal PLoS ONE retracted an original research article, published in 2016, which described the effects of homeopathic Arnica montana on interleukin-4 treated human macrophages. The results showed an increase in extracellular matrix gene expression, including the gene encoding fibronectin, which is one of the main proteins involved in connective tissue healing. Here, the authors of the article discuss the critical points raised by the journal in the retraction note, with a focus on the specific methodological aspects of research on high dilutions of natural compounds. The editorial arguments made to justify the retraction did not prove any methodological errors, nor scientific misconduct. As a general rule, when a study published by a group of researchers raises scientific doubts because the results appear at variation with the commonly accepted knowledge in a field, the study is repeated by other scholars and any contrasting results are published and/or discussed. Therefore, retraction of the Arnica m. study by PLoS ONE is a violation of the conventions of scientific publication and knowledge-sharing methods derived from honest experimental method.
Effects of polycrystalline birefringent grains on the morphology dependent resonance modes of a spherical resonator
Authors: Kalyan Imon , Krishnamurthy C. V.
Published: August 2019

Morphology dependent resonance (MDR) modes in a dielectric sphere are highly sensitive to its shape, size, and refractive index (RI). Many dielectric materials with potential applications are birefringent in nature. Synthesis techniques of resonators of such materials may lead to polycrystalline morphologies. Due to its fascinating applications, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has attracted attention as a morphology dependent resonator. However, its high RI is accompanied by high birefringence. The effect of the grains on resonance modes is the interest of this study. Polycrystalline TiO2 microspheres with different grain distributions are synthesized by annealing at 500 °C and 700 °C. MDR modes in the photoluminescence spectrum of single spheres are found to exhibit mode splitting and mode shifting with respect to MDR modes of an equivalent isotropic sphere. The MDR spectral features of the near-perfect spheres have been investigated for the perturbative effects due to (a) nonsphericity and surface roughness and (b) inhomogeneity in RI arising from polycrystallinity and annealing conditions. Mode splits are demonstrated to arise from the perturbative effects of the larger grains through explicit computations using discrete dipole approximation for a Voronoi tessellated cell structure representing a polycrystalline sphere. Mode shifts are demonstrated to arise from radial inhomogeneity of the refractive index using the Aden-Kerker theory on spheres with core-shell morphology. The effects of surface roughness are not found to be significant. The present work extends the scope of model-assisted investigations in understanding morphology dependent resonators and indicates the possibility of designing resonators with prescribed refractive index features.
Shear anisotropy-driven crystallographic orientation imaging in flexible hexagonal two-dimensional atomic crystals
Authors: Xu Kunqi , Pan Yuhao , Ye Shili , Lei Le , Hussain Sabir , Wang Qianmin , Yang Zhiyong , Liu Xinmeng , Ji Wei , Xu Rui , Cheng Zhihai
Published: August 2019

Hexagonal two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals commonly reveal intrinsically isotropic elastic properties, but stretching or bending deformation can lead to their mechanical symmetry breaking. So far, little work has been done on strain-induced in-plane anisotropic shear behaviors of such 2D atomic crystals. Here, in theory, we predict the appearance of in-plane shear stiffness anisotropy under uniaxial normal tension strain in monolayer molybdenum disulfide. We verify experimentally such a shear characteristic based on friction-driven stretch deformation during a contact scan by employing transverse shear microscopy, and we demonstrate the visualization of anisotropic shear deformation as a function of crystallographic orientation. The present work provides deep insights into flexibility governed interactions among friction, deformation, and in-plane elastic characteristics in 2D atomic crystals.