bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Static Zero‐Field Splitting of Gd3+ Complexes in Solution from the Shifts of the Central Magnetic Fields of Their EPR Spectra
Authors: Fries Pascal H. , Belorizky Elie
Published: April 2012

In principle, the Redfield theory of EPR spectra applies only to fast‐rotating complexes with rather small static zero‐field splitting (ZFS) terms. However, at sufficiently high frequencies, typically of 35 GHz and above, it predicts values of the central magnetic fields which are surprisingly accurate well beyond its expected applicability range. This remarkable feature is demonstrated by showing that the Redfield EPR spectrum crosses its baseline at the same point as its “exact” simulated counterpart. It is shown that the shift of the central magnetic field with respect to its limiting value in the absence of ZFS terms is often simply proportional to the square of the magnitude of the static ZFS term divided by the spectrometer frequency. This property is used to determine the magnitude of the static ZFS term independently of its fluctuation dynamics and of the presence of the transient ZFS term.
Noncomputability, unpredictability, and financial markets
Authors: Graça Daniel S.
Published: April 2012

One of the most significant achievements from theoretical computer science was to show that there are noncomputable problems, which cannot be solved through algorithms. Although the formulation of such problems is mathematical, they often can be interpreted as problems derived from other fields, like physics or computer science. However, no non‐computable problem with economical or financial inspiration has been presented before. Here, we study the problem of valuation: given some adequate data, find the value of an asset. Valuation is modeled mathematically by the discounted cash flow operator. We show, using surprisingly simple arguments, that this operator is not computable. As theoretically, financial markets should trade assets based on their fair value, our result suggests that unpredictability of such markets may partially stem from inherent noncomputable behavior. A discussion of this result is also included. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012
Interpersonal Psychotherapy in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
Authors: Morris Jane
Published: April 2012

Over the past two decades, Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) has shown itself to be one of only two evidence‐based psychotherapies for the treatment of depression in adolescence—an age group where the prescribing of antidepressant medication is limited and where morbidity and recurrence are high. We review the literature on the development and research studies of the IPT model for depressed adolescent patients, as well as recent developments expanding its use to other cultures and different diagnostic areas. An overview is provided of the model in action, using a fictionalized case vignette. Finally, we consider the future of IPT for the treatment and prevention of affective disorders in the under 18 age group and in the context of other generations in vulnerable families. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Interpersonal Psychotherapy is one of only two evidence‐based therapies for the treatment of depression in adolescents, providing an acceptable and often enjoyable alternative to cognitive–behavioural therapy for both patients and their therapists.

For experienced clinicians, IPT accreditation can be achieved after a basic 4‐ to 5‐day course, followed by formal supervision of 2–4 cases.

The model emphasizes ‘sick role’—healthy and responsible ways to behave as a recovering patient.

Interpersonal Psychotherapy is not only compatible with—and may support—prescription of antidepressant medication but may also be used where medication is best avoided, such as during teenage pregnancy.

The systemic perspective allows flexible inclusion of parents and other significant members of the network whilst respecting the young person's autonomy and not requiring the orchestration and extra resource of formal family therapy models.
ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter expression and localization in sea urchin development
Authors: Shipp Lauren E. , Hamdoun Amro
Published: April 2012

Background: ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters are membrane proteins that regulate intracellular concentrations of myriad compounds and ions. There are >100 ABC transporter predictions in the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome, including 40 annotated ABCB, ABCC, and ABCG “multidrug efflux” transporters. Despite the importance of multidrug transporters for protection and signaling, their expression patterns have not been characterized in deuterostome embryos. Results: Sea urchin embryos expressed 20 ABCB, ABCC, and ABCG transporter genes in the first 58 hr of development, from unfertilized egg to early prism. We quantified transcripts of ABCB1a, ABCB4a, ABCC1, ABCC5a, ABCC9a, and ABCG2b, and found that ABCB1a mRNA was 10–100 times more abundant than other transporter mRNAs. In situ hybridization showed ABCB1a was expressed ubiquitously in embryos, while ABCC5a was restricted to secondary mesenchyme cells and their precursors. Fluorescent protein fusions showed localization of ABCB1a on apical cell surfaces, and ABCC5a on basolateral surfaces. Conclusions: Embryos use many ABC transporters with predicted functions in cell signaling, lysosomal and mitochondrial homeostasis, potassium channel regulation, pigmentation, and xenobiotic efflux. Detailed characterization of ABCB1a and ABCC5a revealed that they have different temporal and spatial gene expression profiles and protein localization patterns that correlate to their predicted functions in protection and development, respectively. Developmental Dynamics 241:1111–1124, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Species‐rich ecosystems are vulnerable to cascading extinctions in an increasingly variable world
Authors: Kaneryd Linda , Borrvall Charlotte , Berg Sofia , Curtsdotter Alva , Eklöf Anna , Hauzy Céline , Jonsson Tomas , Münger Peter , Setzer Malin , Säterberg Torbjörn , Ebenman Bo
Published: April 2012

Global warming leads to increased intensity and frequency of weather extremes. Such increased environmental variability might in turn result in increased variation in the demographic rates of interacting species with potentially important consequences for the dynamics of food webs. Using a theoretical approach, we here explore the response of food webs to a highly variable environment. We investigate how species richness and correlation in the responses of species to environmental fluctuations affect the risk of extinction cascades. We find that the risk of extinction cascades increases with increasing species richness, especially when correlation among species is low. Initial extinctions of primary producer species unleash bottom‐up extinction cascades, especially in webs with specialist consumers. In this sense, species‐rich ecosystems are less robust to increasing levels of environmental variability than species‐poor ones. Our study thus suggests that highly species‐rich ecosystems such as coral reefs and tropical rainforests might be particularly vulnerable to increased climate variability.
Tris(phosphonomethyl) Cyclen Derivatives: Synthesis, Acid–Base Properties and Complexation Studies with Cu2+ and Zn2+ Ions
Authors: Lima Luís M. P. , Esteves Catarina V. , Delgado Rita , Hermann Petr , Kotek Jan , Ševčíková Romana , Lubal Přemysl
Published: April 2012

Three compounds that are based on cyclen and contain three methylphosphonate pendant arms ― (1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐triyl)tris(methylene)triphosphonic acid (H6do3p), 3‐{4,7,10‐tris[(dihydroxyphosphoryl)methyl]‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecan‐1‐yl}propanoic acid (H7do3p1pr) and [10‐(3‐hydroxypropyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐triyl]tris(methylene)triphosphonic acid (H6do3p1ol) ― were synthesized and characterized. X‐ray crystal structures were determined for H6do3p and for the complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+[Cu(H2O)(H4dotp)]2– of a related ligand H8dotp [H8dotp = (1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene)tetraphosphonic acid]. They show the copper(II) centre coordinated only to the four amines of the macrocycle and one water molecule in the apical position. The acid–base properties of the three compounds were studied in aqueous solution by potentiometry and 31P NMR spectroscopy. All ligands exhibit very high basicity and their protonation schemes are dominated by proton relocations between the basic sites and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The thermodynamic stability constants for complexes of the three ligands with Cu2+ and Zn2+ metal ions were determined by potentiometry and exhibit very high values for the complexes of Cu2+. UV/Vis spectroscopy was used to assess the acid‐assisted dissociation of the Cu2+ complexes and showed that the dissociation rates are faster than for the corresponding complex of H8dotp, whereas the [Cu(do3p1ol)]4– complex is the most inert one in this series.
Binuclear Arylnickel Complexes with Bridging Bis(arylimino)‐1,4‐pyrazine Ligands
Authors: Klein Axel , Biewer Christian , Hamacher Claudia , Hurkes Natascha , Perez Outeiral Jessica , Paniagua Erik Mora , Schmieder Ann‐Kathrin , Schüren Andreas O. , Burma Prabhakara Rao , Ciszewski James T. , Vicic David A.
Published: April 2012

Binuclear organometallic nickel complexes of the type [(μ‐NN){Ni(Mes)Br}2] {NN = α‐diimine chelate ligand of the type 2,5‐bis[1‐(aryl)iminoethyl]pyrazine; Mes = mesityl = 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl} have been prepared and characterised electrochemically and spectroscopically in detail. A combination of NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations allowed the assignment of stereoisomers and their relative stability. The long‐wavelength absorptions (600–1000 nm) assignable to charge‐transfer transitions reveal a marked electronic coupling of the two metal centres over the ligand bridge via their low‐lying π* orbitals. The reversible reductive electrochemistry yields stable radical anionic complexes with mainly ligand‐centred spin density as shown by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry of the free ligands and their nickel complexes in combination with DFT calculations. Preliminary investigations of the complexes as catalysts in Negishi cross‐coupling reactions gave promising results.
2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole‐Modified DNA
Authors: Garo Florian , Häner Robert
Published: April 2012

The use of 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (BTD) as a structural element with advanced electronic properties for DNA hybrids is described. Bis(alkynyl)‐ and bis(carboxamide)‐derived BTD units are shown to support duplex stability through interstrand stacking interactions. Placement of the BTD units opposite to a natural base, however, leads to considerable destabilization. The bis(alkynyl)‐derived BTD W is strongly fluorescent, and quantum yields of up to 0.20 are observed. Its fluorescence behavior is strongly dependent on the neighboring nucleobases. The quenching effect of the natural bases decreases in the order G >> A ≥ T ≥ C and correlates very well with the free energies for charge separation (ΔGCS) through photoinduced electron transfer, as calculated by the Rehm–Weller equation. Fluorescence of W is completely quenched when it is placed against the bis(carboxamide)‐derived BTD V. The described BTD‐based compounds W and V represent valuable building blocks for the construction of highly ordered, DNA‐based materials with special optical and electronic properties.
Is an outgroup member in need a friend indeed? Personal and task‐oriented contact as predictors of intergroup prosocial behavior
Authors: Koschate Miriam , Oethinger Salome , Kuchenbrandt Dieta , van Dick Rolf
Published: April 2012

Intergroup contact, particularly close personal contact, has been shown to improve intergroup relations, mainly by reducing negative attitudes and emotions toward outgroups. We argue that contact can also increase intergroup prosocial behavior. More specifically, we predict that different forms of contact will differentially impact on prosocial behavior directed at individual outgroup members and outgroups as a whole. Data of two studies (N1 = 264, N2 = 185), conducted with workgroups in two organizations, show that personal contact is a better predictor of prosocial behavior directed at individual outgroup members, whereas task‐oriented contact is a better predictor of prosocial behavior directed at an outgroup as a whole. Additionally, Study 2 provides evidence that empathy mediates the path from personal contact to individual‐directed prosocial behavior, whereas reward (but not cost) considerations mediate the path from task‐oriented contact to outgroup‐directed prosocial behavior. Implications for research on intergroup contact and prosocial behavior are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient method for estimating the collapse risk of structures in seismic regions
Authors: Eads Laura , Miranda Eduardo , Krawinkler Helmut , Lignos Dimitrios G.
Published: April 2012

Assessing the probability of collapse is a computationally demanding component of performance‐based earthquake engineering. This paper examines various aspects involved in the computation of the mean annual frequency of collapse (λc) and proposes an efficient method for estimating the sidesway collapse risk of structures in seismic regions. By deaggregating the mean annual frequency of collapse, it is shown that the mean annual frequency of collapse is typically dominated by earthquake ground motion intensities corresponding to the lower half of the collapse fragility curve. Uncertainty in the collapse fragility curve and mean annual frequency of collapse as a function of the number of ground motions used in calculations is also quantified, and it is shown that using a small number of ground motions can lead to unreliable estimates of a structure's collapse risk. The proposed method is shown to significantly reduce the computational effort and uncertainty in the estimate. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A web‐based methodology for the prediction of approximate IDA curves
Authors: Peruš Iztok , Klinc Robert , Dolenc Matevž , Dolšek Matjaž
Published: April 2012

A web‐based methodology for the prediction of approximate IDA curves, which consists of two independent processes, is proposed. The result of the first process is a response database of the SDOF model, whereas the second process involves the prediction of approximate IDA curves from the response database by using n‐dimensional linear interpolation. Such an approach enables user‐friendly prediction of the seismic response parameters with high accuracy. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed methodology, a web application for the prediction of the approximate 16th, 50th and 84th fractile responses of an RC structure was developed. For the presented case study, the response database was computed for a set of 30 ground motion records and the discrete values of six structural parameters. Very good agreement between the computed and the approximated IDA curves of the four‐storey RC building was observed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life‐cycle cost assessment of RC and ECC frames using structural optimization
Authors: Gencturk Bora
Published: April 2012

In this study life‐cycle cost (LCC) assessment of structural frames is performed. Two different materials, reinforced concrete (RC) and reinforced engineered cementitious composites (ECC), with different response characteristics are used to model the frames. ECC is characterized by high tensile ductility and energy absorption and reduced crack widths when compared to conventional concrete. However, the material is more expensive than conventional concrete; therefore, in order to quantify the potential benefits that could be obtained by replacing concrete with ECC, the life‐cycle performance is evaluated in an optimization framework. Three different structural frames are considered: an RC only frame, an ECC only frame and a multi‐material (MX) frame in which ECC is selectively applied at the potential plastic hinge locations while the remainder of the frame is made of RC. The structural capacity and earthquake demand are evaluated using rigorous analysis methods to capitalize on different characteristics of concrete and ECC, and both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties are incorporated into the LCC formulation. It is found that both the initial and LCC of frames that use ECC are lower due to savings in material and labor cost of transverse reinforcement for the former and due to increased capacity and reduced demand for the latter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using ice‐scars as indicators of exposure to physical lakeshore disturbances, Corvette Lake, northern Québec, Canada
Authors: Lemay Mickaël , Bégin Yves
Published: April 2012

The hypothesis tested in this study is that ice‐scars recorded by lakeshore tree stands can be used as an integrative proxy indicator of the overall hydrodynamic disturbance regimes affecting northern lakeshores. A 2‐km‐long shore segment was divided into 21 sections according to shore orientation and slope. An ice‐scar chronology and a wave exposure index value were obtained for each shore section. A significant relationship was found between ice‐scar chronology and wave exposure index, which indicates that the mechanical action and physical force of ice activity mainly depend on the same environmental factors determining exposure to wave action (i.e. fetch, wind direction and velocity, and shore slope). The spatial and temporal variability of ice‐scar chronology features also corresponded to the distribution of geomorphological features associated with ice activity along the shoreline. Analysis of the hydrological signal associated with these ice‐scar chronology features indicated that an increase in ice‐push frequency observed in the 1930s can be associated to an increase in wave action related to more frequent spring floods maintaining high lake levels during the ice‐free period. This study demonstrates that ice‐scars have strong potential as proxy indicators of shore exposure and provide a temporal frame to reconstruct the history of lakeshore disturbance regimes at a local scale. Together, ice‐scars and wave exposure index provide essential information to interpret the evolution of lakeshore vegetation mosaics in time and space. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of glaciation on the intensity of seismic ground motion
Authors: McColl Samuel T. , Davies Timothy R. H. , McSaveney Mauri J.
Published: April 2012

Seismicity is known to contribute to landscape denudation through its role in earthquake‐triggered slope failure; but little is known about how the intensity of seismic ground motions, and therefore triggering of slope failures, may change through time. Topography influences the intensity of seismic shaking – generally steep slopes amplify shaking more than flatter slopes – and because glacial erosion typically steepens and enlarges slopes, glaciation may increase the intensity of seismic shaking of some landforms. However, the effect of this may be limited until after glaciers retreat because valley ice or ice‐caps may damp seismic ground motions. Two‐dimensional numerical models (FLAC 6.0) were used to explore how edifice shape, rock stiffness and various levels of ice inundation affect edifice shaking intensity. The modelling confirmed that earthquake shaking is enhanced with steeper topography and at ridge crests but it showed for the first time that total inundation by ice may reduce shaking intensity at hill crests to about 20–50% of that experienced when no ice is present. The effect is diminished to about 80–95% if glacier ice level reduces to half of the mountain slope height. In general, ice cover reduced shaking most for the steepest‐sided edifices, for wave frequencies higher than 3 Hz, and when ice was thickest and the rock had shear stiffness well in excess of the stiffness of ice. If rock stiffness is low and shear‐wave velocity is similar to that of ice, the presence of ice may amplify the shaking of rock protruding above the ice surface. The modelling supports the idea that topographic amplification of earthquake shaking increases as a result of glacial erosion and deglaciation. It is possible that the effect of this is sufficient to have influenced the distribution of post‐glacial slope failures in glaciated seismically active areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and accumulation of aromatic sensitizers in fish from paper recycling in Japan
Authors: Terasaki Masanori , Jozuka Kazuhiko , Makino Masakazu
Published: April 2012

Aromatic sensitizers and related compounds (SRCs) originating from thermal recording material as impurities in waste paper have been detected in aquatic environments near cities where the paper industry is flourishing. In the present study, the levels of exposure to such SRCs and the stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) in different fish species (Konosirus punctatus, Takifugu niphobles, and Tribolodon hakonensis) were analyzed. These fish species were collected from the vicinity of waste paper recycling plants in Japan. Eleven SRCs were identified in fish muscle at total concentration levels (ΣSRCs) of 64 to 818 ng/g wet weight (mean 181 ng/L wet wt). The dominant SRCs in the fish samples were 1,1-di(4-methylphenyl)ethane, 1,2-bis(3-methylphenoxy)ethane, and 1,4-dibenzyloxybenzene. Stable isotope ratios showed that, although three species feed on the same trophic level, K. punctatus and T. niphobles live in waters farther offshore than those in which T. hakonensis live. The contributions of various factors to the accumulation were also assessed. The lipid content (r2 = 0.512, p < 0.001) was found to be the significant factor that influenced accumulation of SRCs in fish. The results also revealed significant positive correlation between the accumulation patterns and SRC components in water (r2 = 0.512–0.658, all p values <0.05), but they showed negative correlations between the SRCs in fish and log KOW values. This suggests that the aqueous route is the predominant route for the accumulation of SRCs in fish. This is the first study on the accumulation of aromatic sensitizers in aquatic biota. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1202–1208. © 2012 SETAC
A scaled-up system to evaluate zooplankton spatial avoidance and the population immediate decline concentration
Authors: Rosa Rita , Materatski Patrick , Moreira-Santos Matilde , Sousa José Paulo , Ribeiro Rui
Published: April 2012

Most laboratory tests may underestimate adverse effects in real scenarios of contamination because they imply the forced exposure of organisms to contaminants, thus overlooking the possibility of emigration. Avoidance from contaminants has been observed in several aquatic organisms, and avoidance-based tests have been recommended to be included in risk assessment studies. To reduce uncertainty in the extrapolation of laboratory derived results, the first aim of the present study was to compare both the median avoidance concentration and the lowest-observed-effect gradient (LOEG) values of atrazine for the cladoceran Daphnia magna, between an already developed 1.1-m-long system and a scaled-up system, three times longer. Second, the present study aimed at evaluating the population immediate decline—the proportion of the population that disappears (avoids and, if not, dies)—through the integration of the relationships between lethality and avoidance versus contaminant concentration. Daphnia magna significantly avoided atrazine, during 12-h exposures, with similar results in the original and scaled-up systems. The population immediate decline at the 48-h median lethal concentration would be 94%. Even at a concentration eliciting only 5% mortality, the population immediate decline would be over 50%. Achieving a higher pertinence of avoidance results and a better understanding of the LOEG values and their time dependence, scaling up the system further both spatially and temporally, and modeling explicit spatial dynamics in exposure and organism movement in space and time are needed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1301–1305. © 2012 SETAC
Resolution of racemic 3‐hydroxy‐4,5‐dimethyl‐2(5H)‐furanone (sotolon) by packed column supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Xie Jianchun , Han Huilan , Sun Lei , Zeng Huiying , Sun Baoguo
Published: April 2012

The resolution of racemic 3‐hydroxy‐4,5‐dimethyl‐2(5H)‐furanone (sotolon) by packed column supercritical fluid chromatography was studied. On an analytical scale, the chiral stationary phases of Chiralpak AD‐H, Chiralcel OB‐H, Chiralcel OD‐H, and Chiralcel OJ‐H along with methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and acetonitrile as organic modifiers were tested. The effect on resolution of the modifier content in mobile phase, column temperature, column pressure, and flow rate of mobile phase was investigated through single‐factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The optimum conditions found were Chiralpak AD‐H, column temperature 28°C, column pressure 8 MPa, 2.5% (v/v) methanol in the mobile phase, and a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min for the mobile phase, whereby the resolution achieved was 2.98. Several milligrams of enantiomers, with an optical purity of S‐100% and R‐93%, were obtained by scaling up the analytical method to preparative separation using Chiralpak AD (250 × 10 mm I.D. 10 µm ps). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using symbolic computation software packages in production of multidimensional finite volume‐based large eddy simulation codes
Authors: Aprovitola A. , Denaro F. M.
Published: April 2012

The numerical simulation of turbulence is one of the most challenging tasks in the field of the modern computational science. At present, the most advanced approach is the large eddy simulation (LES) technique wherein a formal separation between resolved (large) and unresolved (small) scales of the motion is in effect by means of a filtering operation applied onto the governing equations. However, LES requires very sophisticated numerical discretizations in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. Often, the modelling of the unresolved subgrid scale terms adds further computational complexities. This paper illustrates the suitability in using software packages for symbolic computation (in the present case, Maple© for helping in the production of subroutines for a new multidimensional, high‐order accurate finite volume‐based LES code. Specifically, it will be detailed how producing, rapidly and efficiently, the routines for computing convective, diffusive as well as subgrid scale modelling fluxes. It is particularly detailed how exploiting the package for differential calculus and linear algebra for the analytical integration of the flux polynomials over the finite volume faces. The structure of the LES code is illustrated, and an accuracy analysis of the local truncation errors is performed comparing the third‐order accurate multidimensional upwind and the classical second‐order centred reconstruction in the wavenumbers space. Then, some numerical results for the turbulent plane channel and some brief points concerning the parallelization issue are addressed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ins Netz gegangen
Authors: Schuster Stefan
Published: April 2012

Wie kommen Entscheidungen zustande? Und wie lassen sie sich im Gehirn nachvollziehen? In winzigen zellulären Netzwerken von Schützenfischen finden Forscher auf fundamentale Fragen überraschende Antworten.
Efficacy of an adjunctive computer‐based cognitive training program in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a single‐blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gaitán Adrian , Garolera Maite , Cerulla Noemí , Chico Gloria , Rodriguez‐Querol Mariona , Canela‐Soler Jaume
Published: April 2012

Objective

This study evaluates the efficacy at 12 months of a computer‐based cognitive training (CBCT) program, adjunctive to traditional cognitive training (TCT), on the basis of pen‐and‐paper exercises.

Methods

Sixty patients with multi‐domain mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease who were already receiving cognitive training, recruited from a day hospital, were assigned into two groups following a simple randomization procedure (computerized random numbers): (i) a group that received CBCT during 3 months and TCT (CBCT + TCT), n = 37, and (ii) a group that received only TCT, n = 23. Patients were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 12 months of treatment by a neuropsychologist blinded to group assignment, with a neuropsychological battery (primary outcomes) and measures of decision making, memory complaints, and emotional disturbances.

Results

With the use of repeated‐measures analyses of covariance, the CBCT + TCT group showed less anxiety symptoms (F = 5.13, p = 0.03, d = 1.12) and less disadvantageous choices (F = 4.70, p = 0.04, d = 0.89) in decision making than the TCT group at 12 months. No significant improvement or worsening was observed in the other measures examined. However, positive effect sizes favoring the CBCT + TCT group were observed in all variables.

Conclusions

The addition of a CBCT program was effective in anxiety and decision making but had no significant effects on outcomes in basic cognitive functions in patients who were already receiving cognitive training, possibly due to a ceiling effect. Future studies should compare the efficacy of CBCT with TCT in naïve patients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CROSS‐STATE DISPARITIES IN US HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES
Authors: Panopoulou Ekaterini , Pantelidis Theologos
Published: April 2012

This study examines the degree of convergence in health care expenditures among the US states from 1980 to 2004. Our results suggest that the US states form two clubs with specific geographical characteristics that converge to different equilibria. We also extend our analysis to investigate the cross‐state disparities in nine major components of health expenditures. Our findings provide evidence for full convergence for only two components, namely ‘physician and other professional services’ and ‘home health care’. However, for the remaining components, we can still identify various convergence clubs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ferroportin1 in hepatocytes and macrophages is required for the efficient mobilization of body iron stores in mice
Authors: Zhang Zhuzhen , Zhang Fan , Guo Xin , An Peng , Tao Yunlong , Wang Fudi
Published: April 2012

The liver is a major site of iron storage where sequestered iron can be actively mobilized for utilization when needed elsewhere in the body. Currently, hepatocyte iron efflux mechanisms and their relationships to macrophage iron recycling during the control of whole-body iron homeostasis are unclear. We hypothesized that the iron exporter, ferroportin1 (Fpn1), is critical for both iron mobilization from hepatocytes and iron recycling from macrophages. To test this, we generated hepatocyte-specific

Fpn1

deletion mice (
Fpn1

Alb/Al) and mice that lacked

Fpn1

in both hepatocytes and macrophages (
Fpn1

Alb/Alb;LysM/LysM). When fed a standard diet,

Fpn1

Alb/Alb
mice showed mild hepatocyte iron retention. However, red blood cell (RBC) counts and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were normal, indicating intact erythropoiesis. When fed an iron-deficient diet,

Fpn1

Alb/Alb
mice showed impaired liver iron mobilization and anemia, with much lower RBC and Hb levels than

Fpn1

flox/flox
mice on the same diet. Using a strategy where mice were preloaded with differing amounts of dietary iron before iron deprivation, we determined that erythropoiesis in

Fpn1

Alb/Alb
and

Fpn1

flox/flox
mice depended on the balance between storage iron and iron demands. On a standard diet,

Fpn1

Alb/Alb;LysM/LysM
mice displayed substantial iron retention in hepatocytes and macrophages, yet maintained intact erythropoiesis, implying a compensatory role for intestinal iron absorption. In contrast, when

Fpn1

Alb/Alb;LysM/LysM
mice were fed an iron-deficient diet, they developed severe iron-deficiency anemia, regardless of their iron storage status. Thus, Fpn1 is critical for both hepatocyte iron mobilization and macrophage iron recycling during conditions of dietary iron deficiency.

Conclusion
: Our data reveal new insights into the relationships between Fpn1-mediated iron mobilization, iron storage, and intestinal iron absorption and how these processes interact to maintain systemic iron homeostasis.
Assessment of Resource Scheduling Changes on Flight Training Effectiveness Using Discrete Event Simulation
Authors: Liu Dahai , Findlay Melissa A.
Published: April 2012

This study presented a resource scheduling model of the Flight Training Department at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University's Daytona Beach Campus built using Discrete Event Simulation, to assess the effect of changes in the resources available to students in Flight Training Device (FTD) course modules on Flight Training effectiveness. Historical data from the Flight Training Department was used to build and validate the model. Results showed that, on average, students who had more resources available to them during FTD modules completed the training program 1 day earlier than those in the current system. As well, Cessna 172 and PA44 Aircraft average daily utilization increased whereas Cessna 172 S and PA44 FTD average daily utilization decreased. These results are discussed and conclusions are given at the end of this paper. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retracted: A study of a B2C supporting interface design system for the elderly
Authors: Kuo Hui‐Ming , Chen Cheng‐Wu , Hsu Chih‐Hun
Published: April 2012

People are now living longer because of advances in medical science, resulting in the percentage of the elderly in the population increasing year by year. These older individuals cannot move about like youngsters do. Internet shopping could become one of the most important shopping channels for them. According to related domestic and foreign survey results, this is confirmed by the increased percentage of elderly Internet shoppers. A lot of consumers, however, are still not satisfied with their Internet shopping experiences. Many have had the experience of giving up before completing the purchasing procedure. The key factors included in such procedures are rather complex, and user interfaces are not necessarily well‐designed. Nowadays, most websites are still designed for the convenience of the seller instead of the consumers. Often consumers find that their interfaces are complex and hard to use and that they require a high mental workload. Based on the behavioral model of older Internet consumers and difficulties they have encountered, and after exploring the information provided by shopping websites and evaluating the status of their current interface design, this study proposes an example of a supporting interface design system (SIDS) for the elderly. The effects of the SIDS are verified experimentally. A total of 12 subjects participated in the experiment. The results showed that the SIDS could successfully reduce the time spent by the elderly subjects on inputting data during the shopping process and the number of repetitions and the time spent on searching for, examining, and comparing products. Furthermore, it was also helpful to reduce the mental workload caused by Internet shopping. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dissociable anterograde amnesic effects of retrosplenial cortex and hippocampal lesions on spontaneous object recognition memory in rats
Authors: Haijima Asahi , Ichitani Yukio
Published: April 2012

The amnesic effects of excitotoxic lesions of the rat retrosplenial cortex (RS) and hippocampus (HPC) in the spontaneous object recognition (SOR) performance were investigated. The SOR test consisted of the sample‐exposure session(s) and a test session. First, to test retrograde amnesia, rats received four sample‐exposure sessions within a day at 4 weeks and 1 day before the surgery, respectively. In the test sessions conducted 1 week after the surgery, both lesion groups showed a temporally ungraded retrograde amnesia. Second, to test anterograde amnesia, 1‐ and 4‐week retention intervals were inserted between the four sample‐exposure sessions and the test session. The RS‐lesioned rats showed a retention interval‐dependent impairment in the test sessions, while the HPC‐lesioned rats showed an impairment regardless of the retention interval. Finally, to test short‐term recognition memory, 5‐ or 30‐min delay was interposed between the single sample‐exposure session and the test session. Both lesion groups performed normally irrespective of the delay length. These results suggest that both the RS and HPC are important for long‐term object recognition memory, but these areas have different roles in it. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐dose chemotherapy in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma patients: a reappraisal of prognostic factors
Authors: Cocorocchio E , Peccatori F , Vanazzi A , Piperno G , Calabrese L , Botteri E , Travaini L , Preda L , Martinelli G
Published: April 2012

High‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) has a consolidated role in the treatment of patients with refractory or relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We report clinical results of 97 HL patients who underwent HDCT for refractory (62 patients) or relapsed (35 patients) diseases in Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, from 1995 to 2009. Treatment included high‐dose carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan in 84 patients and high‐dose idarubicin and melphalan in 13 patients with subsequent peripheral hemopoietic stem cells transplant. Outcomes were evaluated in terms of progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In order to identify prognostic factors for outcome, a multivariate analysis for age, sex, disease status (refractory/relapsed), disease stage, B symptoms, presence of extranodal involvement, bulky disease, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, number of previous chemotherapy lines, remission status before transplant, 18F‐fluoro‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (18FDG‐PET) status before and after transplant was done. A clinical response was achieved in 91% of patients, with complete remissions in 76/97 patients. With a median follow‐up of 45 months (range 1–164 months), 5‐year PFS and OS were 64% and 71%, respectively. Remission status after induction therapy, 18F‐fluoro‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography status before and after transplant were the most important prognostic factors for PFS and OS in univariate or multivariate analyses. HDCT is able to induce a high remission rate and a prolonged PFS in more than 50% of the patients with refractory and relapsed HL. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 19S proteasome subunit Rpn7 stabilizes DNA damage foci upon genotoxic insult
Authors: Tsolou Avgi , Nelson Glyn , Trachana Varvara , Chondrogianni Niki , Saretzki Gabriele , von Zglinicki Thomas , Gonos Efstathios S.
Published: April 2012

The DNA damage response (DDR) orchestrates the recruitment of repair proteins at sites of damage and arrests cell‐cycle progression until completion of repair. Upon irreparable damage, DNA damage foci persist (long‐lived foci) and this is believed to induce cellular senescence. The resolution of DNA damage foci has previously been shown to depend on proteasomal degradation and various proteasome subunits have been implicated in the DDR. In this study, we aimed to analyze the possible distinct roles of individual proteasome subunits in the DDR. We show that specific 19S subunits respond to DNA damage by increased protein levels and nuclear translocation. Importantly, two 19S subunits, Rpn7 and Rpn11, colocalize with DNA damage foci over their whole lifespan. Although silencing of Rpn11 does not affect foci stability and lifespan, silencing of Rpn7 promotes faster resolution of DNA damage foci following genotoxic insult. For the first time, we provide evidence that Rpn7 silencing specifically decreases the frequencies of long‐lived DNA damage foci without, however, affecting the repair rate of short‐lived foci. Therefore, we propose that interaction of Rpn7 with DDR foci in situ mediates the protection of DNA damage foci from premature resolution. We suggest that this interaction is involved in enabling cellular senescence following genotoxic insult. 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012
Cytoplasmatic compartmentalization by Bcr‐Abl promotes TET2 loss‐of‐function in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mancini Manuela , Veljkovic Nevena , Leo Elisa , Aluigi Michela , Borsi Enrica , Galloni Chiara , Iacobucci Ilaria , Barbieri Enza , Santucci Maria Alessandra
Published: April 2012

The loss‐of‐function of ten–eleven‐translocation (TET) 2, a Fe2+‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase catalyzing 5 methyl cytosine (5mC) conversion into 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), contributes to the hematopoietic transformation in vivo. The aim of our study was to elucidate its role in the phenotype of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a myeloproliferative disease caused by the Bcr‐Abl rearranged gene. We first confirmed TET2 interaction with the Bcr‐Abl protein predicted by a Fourier‐based bioinformatic method. Such interaction led to TET2 cytoplasmatic compartmentalization in a complex tethered by the fusion protein tyrosine kinase (TK) and encompassing the Forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) transcription factor. We then focused the impact of TET2 loss‐of‐function on epigenetic transcriptional regulation of Bcl2‐interacting mediator (BIM), a pro‐apoptotic protein transcriptionally regulated by FoxO3a. BIM downregulation is a critical component of CML progenitor extended survival and is also involved in the disease resistance to imatinib (IM). Here we reported that TET2 release from Bcr‐Abl protein following TK inhibition in response to IM triggers a chain of events including TET2 nuclear translocation, re‐activation of its enzymatic function at 5mC and recruitment at the BIM promoter followed by BIM transcriptional induction. 5hmC increment following TET2 re‐activation was associated with the reduction of histone H3 tri‐methylation at lysine 9 (H3K9me3), which may contribute with DNA de‐methylation reported elsewhere to recast a permissive epigenetic “landscape” for FoxO3a transcriptional activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2765–2774, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Characterization, Catalytic and Antibacterial Activity of Two Series of Dinuclear Ruthenium Sulphoxide Complexes Using 5,5¢‐Methylenebis(pyridine) as Bis‐chelating Bridging Ligand
Authors: Shukla Satyendra N. , Gaur Pratiksha , Prasad Mamta , Prasad Mahender , Mehrotra Ripul , Mathews Sheela
Published: April 2012

The reaction of a new heterocyclic bidentate N containing spacer, (ligand) 5,5′‐methylenebis(pyridine) with ruthenium sulphoxide precursors resulted, dinuclear complexes. We herein report three formulations; [{cis,fac‐RuCl2(so)3}2(μ‐mbp)].3so; [{trans,mer‐RuCl2(so)32}2(μ‐mbp)].3so and [{trans‐RuCl4(so)}2(μ‐mbp)]2−[X]2+; where so = dimethyl‐sulfoxide/tetramethylenesulfoxide; mbp = 5,5′‐methylenebis(pyridine) and [X]+ = [(dmso)2H]+, Na+ or [(tmso)H]+. These complexes were characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductance measurement, magnetic susceptibility, FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C{1H}‐NMR, electronic spectroscopy and FAB‐Mass spectrometry. Catalytic activity of these complexes has been investigated in hydrolysis of benzonitrile. All the complexes exhibit good antibacterial activity against gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli in comparison to Chloramphenicol.
Profile of Parkia speciosa Hassk Metabolites Extracted with SFE using FTIR‐PCA Method
Authors: Rahman Nik Norulaini Nik Abd. , Zhari Salman , Sarker Md. Zaidul Islam , Ferdosh Sahena , Yunus Mohd Azizi Che , Kadir Mohd Omar Abd
Published: April 2012

A rapid identification, classification and discrimination tool, using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), was developed and applied to determine the profile of the Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) of Parkia speciosa seeds under various temperature and pressure conditions (313, 323, 333, 343, 353 and 363 K and 20.68, 27.58, 34.47, 41.37, 48.26, and 55.16 MPa). The separation and identification of the compounds was carried out by Gas Chromatography coupled with Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC/TOF‐MS). This technique has made it possible to detect the variability obtained under different SFE conditions and the separation of different chemical compounds in P. speciosa seeds. The FTIR‐PCA results were verified by GC/TOF‐MS, and the FTIR‐PCA method successfully identified the unsaturated carboxylic acids with the highest percentage area under the different conditions.
Trace Determination of Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G Dyes in Aqueous Samples by Solid‐phase Extraction and High‐performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Chiang Tsung‐Ling , Wang Yu‐Chen , Ding Wang‐Hsien
Published: April 2012

A simple and reliable method was developed to detect two basic synthetic dyes, rhodamine B (RB) and rhodamine 6G (R6G), in wastewater and surface water samples by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC‐FLD). These dyes have been reported to be both mutagenic and carcinogenic in various organisms. The contents of these two dyes in water samples were extracted by Oasis HLB solid‐phase extraction (HLB‐SPE), and were then determined by an isocratic HPLC using an Atlantis® T3‐C18 column. Water samples at various pH conditions and the compositions of eluents for SPE were evaluated. The results indicate that the proposed method is precise and sensitive in analyzing these two basic synthetic dyes, and the limits of quantitation were 1.5 ng/L for RB and 0.3 ng/L for R6G in 100 mL of water samples. The recovery of analytes in spiked surface water and municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent samples ranged from 61 to 90% with the precision (RSD) ranging from 2 to 12%. The concentrations of analytes were detected in various water samples ranging from 0.7 to 81 ng/L.
DNA Binding and Cleavage Activity of cis‐Cobalt Aromatic Oxime Complexes and Its Pyridine/imidazole Adducts
Authors: Surendrababu M. S. , Reddy K. Hussain
Published: April 2012

cis‐Cobalt complexes with salicycaldoxime(SAO), (Z)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)ethanonoxime (HEO), (Z)‐1‐(2,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethanonoxime (DEO), (Z)‐1‐(2,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)(phenyl)methanonoxime (DPO) and their adducts with pyridine (Py) and imidazole (Im) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, UV‐Vis and IR spectra. The electrochemical studies were carried by cyclic voltammeter, the peak potential separation and formal potential of complexes were independent of sweep rate or scan rate (ν) indicating a quasi reversible one‐electron redox process. Absorption studies and thermal denature studies revealed that each of these octahedral complexes is an avid binder of calf thymus DNA. The apparent binding constants for mixed ligand complexes are in order of ∼103‐103 M−1. Based on the data obtained in the DNA binding studies a partial intercalative mode of binding is suggested for these complexes. The nucleolytic cleavage activity of parent complexes and their pyridine adduct were carried out on double stranded pBR322 circular plasmid DNA by using a gel electrophoresis experiment in the presence and absence of oxidant (H2O2). All the metal complexes show enhanced cleavage activity in presence of oxidant. The hydrolytic cleavage of DNA of Co(DEO)2 and Co(DPO)2 is evidenced from the control experiments showing discernable cleavage inhibition in the presence of the hydroxyl radical inhibitor DMSO and EDTA.