bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Radiometric Stability of the 17-Plus-Year TRMM Microwave Imager 1B11 Version-8 (GPM05) Brightness Temperature Product
Authors: Chen Ruiyao , Alquaied Faisal , Jones W.
Published: December 2017

The NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) has produced a 17-plus-year time-series of calibrated microwave radiances that have remarkable value for investigating the effects of the Earth’s climate change over the tropics. Recently, the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Inter-Satellite Radiometric Calibration (XCAL) Working Group have performed various calibration and corrections that yielded the legacy TMI 1B11 Version 8 (also called GPM05) brightness temperature product, which will be released in late 2017 by the NASA Precipitation Processing System. Since TMI served as the radiometric transfer standard for the TRMM constellation microwave radiometer sensors, it is important to document its accuracy. In this paper, the various improvements applied to TMI 1B11 V8 are summarized, and the radiometric calibration stability is evaluated by comparisons with a radiative transfer model and by XCAL evaluations with the Global Precipitation Measuring Microwave Imager during their 13-month overlap period. Evaluation methods will be described and results will be presented, which demonstrate that TMI has achieved a radiometric stability level of a few deciKelvin over almost two decades.
Cosmetic Potential of a Liotropic Liquid Crystal Emulsion Containing Resveratrol
Authors: Bonato Alves Oliveira Laura , Oliveira Rafaela , Oliveira Camila , Raposo Nádia , Brandão Marcos , Ferreira Anderson , Polonini Hudson
Published: December 2017

Resveratrol is a natural substance that has been the target of many researchers over the years since it presents a variety of potential applications in the areas of cosmetics and medicine as a treatment for some diseases. Due to its high antioxidant capacity but low bioavailability, we evaluated the antiaging potential of resveratrol as a liotropic liquid crystal emulsion. Initially, we performed in vitro assays to quantify both the organoleptic characteristics and stability of the emulsion. Next, an in vivo trial was performed on the faces of 30 volunteers to determine the cream’s cosmetic potential and to measure porphyrins, skin barrier function, skin pigmentation, expression lines, and porosity. The emulsion maintained its characteristics during the in vitro assays and, in the in vivo trial, it had some effect only on pore size in forehead, without any significant effects on the other parameters. We had 6 dropouts throughout the study, then the final number of volunteers was 24. Most volunteers did not show any changes in skin pigmentation throughout the study. Similarly, there was not any noticeable improvement on any other parameters evaluated. However, volunteers related a high level of satisfaction with the product.
The Influence of Liquid on the Outcome of Halogen-Bonded Metal–Organic Materials Synthesis by Liquid Assisted Grinding
Authors: Lisac Katarina , Cinčić Dominik
Published: December 2017

In this work, we describe novel multi-component halogen bonded solids of Co(ii) complexes and 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene, 14tfib. We present the important influence of liquid on the outcome of liquid assisted grinding of dichlorobis(1,10-phenantroline)cobalt(ii), CoCl2(phen)2 and 14tfib. Grinding of solid reactants with a small amount of water gives the cocrystal product [CoCl2(phen)2](14tfib) (1) while grinding with a small amount of methanol gives an ionic structure, the four-component solid [CoCl(MeOH)(phen)2]Cl(14tfib)(MeOH) (2). Both solid products were also obtained by crystallization from the solution. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the dominant supramolecular interaction in 1 is the I···Cl halogen bond between 14tfib and CoCl2(phen)2 building blocks. On the other hand, the dominant supramolecular interactions in 2 are I···Cl− charge-assisted halogen bonds between the halogen bond donor and the chloride anion as well as hydrogen bonds between the chloride anion and OH groups of coordinated and solvated methanol molecules.
Inspecting Non-Perturbative Contributions to the Entanglement Entropy via Wavefunctions
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arpan , Hung Ling-Yan , Lau Pak , Liu Si-Nong
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we would like to systematically explore the implications of non-perturbative effects on entanglement in a many body system. Instead of pursuing the usual path-integral method in a singular space, we attempt to study the wavefunctions in detail. We begin with a toy model of multiple particles whose interaction potential admits multiple minima. We study the entanglement of the true ground state after taking the tunneling effects into account and find some simple patterns. Notably, in the case of multiple particle interactions, entanglement entropy generically decreases with increasing number of minima. The knowledge of the subsystem actually increases with the number of minima. The reduced density matrix can also be seen to have close connections with graph spectra. In a more careful study of the two-well tunneling system, we also extract the exponentially-suppressed tail contribution, the analogue of instantons. To understand the effects of multiple minima in a field theory, we are inspired to inspect wavefunctions in a toy model of a bosonic field describing quasi-particles of two different condensates related by Bogoliubov transformations. We find that the area law is naturally preserved. This is probably a useful set of perspectives that promise wider applications.
Identifying Initial Conceptions of Engineering and Teaching Engineering
Authors: Thatcher William , Meyer Helen
Published: December 2017

The present study reports the use of an interview task to identify the initial conceptions of engineering and teaching engineering held by secondary mathematics and science teachers upon entering a professional development program. Results obtained from this task gave insight on several points, including: (1) the requirements for a task to be considered engineering; (2) the role of a student in practicing engineering; (3) the role of the teacher in teaching engineering; and (4) the differences in discourse choices, between mathematics and science teachers, pertaining to conceptions of engineering and teaching engineering. Through understanding the beliefs of our teachers, appropriate action may be taken to ensure that we are fostering desirable classroom environments, as well as better understand how to prepare them for challenges that may present themselves in the classroom.
Substrate-Integrated Waveguide PCB Leaky-Wave Antenna Design Providing Multiple Steerable Beams in the V-Band
Authors: Steeg Matthias , Yonemoto Naruto , Tebart Jonas , Stöhr Andreas
Published: December 2017

A periodic leaky-wave antenna (LWA) design based on low loss substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology with inset half-wave microstrip antennas is presented. The developed LWA operates in the V-band between 50 and 70 GHz and has been fabricated using standard printed circuit board (PCB) technology. The presented LWA is highly functional and very compact supporting 1D beam steering and multibeam operation with only a single radio frequency (RF) feeding port. Within the operational 50–70 GHz bandwidth, the LWA scans through broadside, providing over 40° H-plane beam steering. When operated within the 57–66 GHz band, the maximum steering angle is 18.2°. The maximum gain of the fabricated LWAs is 15.4 dBi with only a small gain variation of +/−1.5 dB across the operational bandwidth. The beam steering and multibeam capability of the fabricated LWA is further utilized to support mobile users in a 60 GHz hot-spot. For a single user, a maximum wireless on-off keying (OOK) data rate of 2.5 Gbit/s is demonstrated. Multibeam operation is achieved using the LWA in combination with multiple dense wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) channels and remote optical heterodyning. Experimentally, multibeam operation supporting three users within a 57–66 GHz hot-spot with a total wireless cell capacity of 3 Gbit/s is achieved.
Analysis of Sensitivity and Power Consumption of Chopping Techniques for Integrated Capacitive Sensor Interface Circuits
Authors: Vejdani Parisa , Allidina Karim , Nabki Frederic
Published: December 2017

In this paper, parameters related to the sensitivity of the interface circuits for capacitive sensors are determined. Both the input referred noise and capacitance of the input transistors are important for capacitive sensitivity. Chopping is an effective technique for signal conditioning circuits because of its capability of reducing circuit noise at low frequencies. The capacitive sensitivity and power consumption of various chopping techniques including the dual chopper amplifier (DCA), single chopper amplifier (SCA) and two-stage single chopper amplifier (TCA) are extracted for different values of total gain and sensor capacitance. The minimum sensitivity for each technique will be extracted based on the gain and sensor capacitance. It will be shown that designation of the amplifier and distribution of gain in the TCA and DCA are important for sensitivity. A design procedure for chopper amplifiers that illustrates the steps required to achieve either the best or the desired sensitivity while minimizing power consumption will be presented. It will be shown that for a small sensor capacitance and large total gain, the DCA has the best sensitivity, while for a large sensor capacitance and a lower gain, the SCA is preferable. The TCA is the desired architecture for an average total gain and a large sensor capacitance. Moreover, when the power consumption is the key requirement and the maximum sensitivity is not the goal; the TCA works best due to its potential to decrease the power consumption.
Bequest of the Norseman—The Potential for Agricultural Intensification and Expansion in Southern Greenland under Climate Change
Authors: Caviezel Chatrina , Hunziker Matthias , Kuhn Nikolaus
Published: December 2017

The increase of summer temperatures and a prolonged growing season increase the potential for agricultural land use for subarctic agriculture. Nevertheless, land use at borderline ecotones is influenced by more factors than temperature and the length of the growing season, for example soil quality, as the increasing lengths of dry periods during vegetation season can diminish land use potential. Hence, this study focuses on the quality of the soil resource as possible limiting factor for land use intensification in southern Greenland. Physical and chemical soil properties of cultivated grasslands, reference sites and semi-natural birch and grassland sites were examined to develop a soil quality index and to identify the suitability of soils for a sustainable intensification and expansion of the agriculture. The study revealed that soils in the study area are generally characterized by a low effective cation exchange capacity (CECeff) (3.7 ± 5.0 meq 100 g−1), low pH CaCl2 (4.6 ± 0.4) and low clay and silt content (3.0 ± 1.0% and 38.2 ± 4.7%, respectively). Due to the high amount of coarse fraction (59.1 ± 5.8%) and the low amount of soil nutrients, an increasing threat of dry spells for soils and yield could be identified. Further, future land use intensification and expansion bears a high risk for concomitant effects, namely further soil acidification, nutrient leaching and soil degradation processes. However, results of the soil quality index also indicate that sites which were already used by the Norseman (980s–1450) show the best suitability for agricultural use. Thus, these areas offer a possibility to expand agricultural land use in southern Greenland.
Investigation of Polyamine Metabolism and Homeostasis in Pancreatic Cancers
Authors: Massaro Chelsea , Thomas Jenna , Phanstiel Otto
Published: December 2017

Pancreatic cancers are currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and new therapies are desperately needed. The most common pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This report describes the development of therapies, which effectively deplete PDAC cells of their required polyamine growth factors. Of all human tissues, the pancreas has the highest level of the native polyamine spermidine. To sustain their high growth rates, PDACs have altered polyamine metabolism, which is reflected in their high intracellular polyamine levels and their upregulated import of exogenous polyamines. To understand how these cancers respond to interventions that target their specific polyamine pools, L3.6pl human pancreatic cancer cells were challenged with specific inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. We found that pancreatic cell lines have excess polyamine pools, which they rebalance to address deficiencies induced by inhibitors of specific steps in polyamine biosynthesis (e.g., ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), spermidine synthase (SRM), and spermine synthase (SMS)). We also discovered that combination therapies targeting ODC, SMS, and polyamine import were the most effective in reducing intracellular polyamine pools and reducing PDAC cell growth. A combination therapy containing difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, an ODC inhibitor) and a polyamine transport inhibitor (PTI) were shown to significantly deplete intracellular polyamine pools. The additional presence of an SMS inhibitor as low as 100 nM was sufficient to further potentiate the DFMO + PTI treatment.
Synthesis of Benzyl Acetate Catalyzed by Lipase Immobilized in Nontoxic Chitosan-Polyphosphate Beads
Authors: Melo Ana , Silva Francisco , Dos Santos José , Fernández-Lafuente Roberto , Lemos Telma , Dias Filho Francisco
Published: December 2017

Enzymes serve as biocatalysts for innumerable important reactions, however, their application has limitations, which can in many cases be overcome by using appropriate immobilization strategies. Here, a new support for immobilizing enzymes is proposed. This hybrid organic-inorganic support is composed of chitosan—a natural, nontoxic, biodegradable, and edible biopolymer—and sodium polyphosphate as the inorganic component. Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) was immobilized on microspheres by encapsulation using these polymers. The characterization of the composites (by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and confocal Raman microscopy) confirmed the hybrid nature of the support, whose external part consisted of polyphosphate and core was composed of chitosan. The immobilized enzyme had the following advantages: possibility of enzyme reuse, easy biocatalyst recovery, increased resistance to variations in temperature (activity declined from 60 °C and the enzyme was inactivated at 80 °C), and increased catalytic activity in the transesterification reactions. The encapsulated enzymes were utilized as biocatalysts for transesterification reactions to produce the compound responsible for the aroma of jasmine.
Multi-Component One-Pot Reaction of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds, Tosylhydrazide, and Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Gu Ningning , Wei Yu , Liu Ping , Liu Yan , Dai Bin
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we developed a new method using 4-bromoacetophenone as the starting material, with tosylhydrazide and two arylboronic acids using Barluenga and Suzuki couplings in a four-component one-pot reaction to afford the target product 4-benzyl-1,1′-biphenyls. This system that we have developed enables the use of easily accessible starting materials and can be employed on a wide variety of substrates with good functional group tolerance. In particular, this protocol can be applied to the synthesis of 4-(1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethyl)pyridine derivatives, a class of potential analogs of CPY17 inhibitors of prostate cancer.
Piezoelectric Potential in Single-Crystalline ZnO Nanohelices Based on Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Hao Huimin , Jenkins Kory , Huang Xiaowen , Xu Yiqian , Huang Jiahai , Yang Rusen
Published: December 2017

Electric potential produced in deformed piezoelectric nanostructures is of significance for both fundamental study and practical applications. To reveal the piezoelectric property of ZnO nanohelices, the piezoelectric potential in single-crystal nanohelices was simulated by finite element method calculations. For a nanohelix with a length of 1200 nm, a mean coil radius of 150 nm, five active coils, and a hexagonal coiled wire with a side length 100 nm, a compressing force of 100 nN results in a potential of 1.85 V. This potential is significantly higher than the potential produced in a straight nanowire with the same length and applied force. Maintaining the length and increasing the number of coils or mean coil radius leads to higher piezoelectric potential in the nanohelix. Appling a force along the axial direction produces higher piezoelectric potential than in other directions. Adding lateral forces to an existing axial force can change the piezoelectric potential distribution in the nanohelix, while the maximum piezoelectric potential remains largely unchanged in some cases. This research demonstrates the promising potential of ZnO nanohelices for applications in sensors, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices, nanorobotics, and energy sciences.
Liminality, Postmodernity and Passion: Towards a Theoretical Framework for the study of 21st Century Choral Passion Settings
Authors: Budziak Jennifer
Published: December 2017

After more than a century of neglect of the form, over thirty major concert works with “Passion” within the title have emerged into the choral landscape during the past 50 years. These settings use diverse libretti, drawing from sources both sacred and secular; some of the composers of these works profess Christianity, some adhere to other religious traditions, and some do not profess any particular faith at all. Their only common threads seem to be their self-identification with the title of “Passion”, and their depiction of a story in which a particular individual undergoes suffering and death. The purpose of this article is not to analyze specific Passion settings but rather to explore the structural form and content of the Passion genre as a whole, and begin to develop an interdisciplinary framework for future analysis of this body of music, using the tools offered by the field of liminal studies. Additionally, this essay will explore how the concept of Postmodernism, both as it manifests both in Western culture and through that culture’s artistic and musical expression, might give some insight into the Passion form’s resurgence into modern musical thought.
Performance Evaluation of Downscaling Sentinel-2 Imagery for Land Use and Land Cover Classification by Spectral-Spatial Features
Authors: Zheng Hongrui , Du Peijun , Chen Jike , Xia Junshi , Li Erzhu , Xu Zhigang , Li Xiaojuan , Yokoya Naoto
Published: December 2017

Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) classification is vital for environmental and ecological applications. Sentinel-2 is a new generation land monitoring satellite with the advantages of novel spectral capabilities, wide coverage and fine spatial and temporal resolutions. The effects of different spatial resolution unification schemes and methods on LULC classification have been scarcely investigated for Sentinel-2. This paper bridged this gap by comparing the differences between upscaling and downscaling as well as different downscaling algorithms from the point of view of LULC classification accuracy. The studied downscaling algorithms include nearest neighbor resampling and five popular pansharpening methods, namely, Gram-Schmidt (GS), nearest neighbor diffusion (NNDiffusion), PANSHARP algorithm proposed by Y. Zhang, wavelet transformation fusion (WTF) and high-pass filter fusion (HPF). Two spatial features, textural metrics derived from Grey-Level-Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and extended attribute profiles (EAPs), are investigated to make up for the shortcoming of pixel-based spectral classification. Random forest (RF) is adopted as the classifier. The experiment was conducted in Xitiaoxi watershed, China. The results demonstrated that downscaling obviously outperforms upscaling in terms of classification accuracy. For downscaling, image sharpening has no obvious advantages than spatial interpolation. Different image sharpening algorithms have distinct effects. Two multiresolution analysis (MRA)-based methods, i.e., WTF and HFP, achieve the best performance. GS achieved a similar accuracy with NNDiffusion and PANSHARP. Compared to image sharpening, the introduction of spatial features, both GLCM and EAPs can greatly improve the classification accuracy for Sentinel-2 imagery. Their effects on overall accuracy are similar but differ significantly to specific classes. In general, using the spectral bands downscaled by nearest neighbor interpolation can meet the requirements of regional LULC applications, and the GLCM and EAPs spatial features can be used to obtain more precise classification maps.
Facile Determination of Sodium Ion and Osmolarity in Artificial Tears by Sequential DNAzymes
Authors: Kim Eun , Lee Eun-Song , Lee Dong , Kim Young-Pil
Published: December 2017

Despite high relevance of tear osmolarity and eye abnormality, numerous methods for detecting tear osmolarity rely upon expensive osmometers. We report a reliable method for simply determining sodium ion-based osmolarity in artificial tears using sequential DNAzymes. When sodium ion-specific DNAzyme and peroxidase-like DNAzyme were used as a sensing and detecting probe, respectively, the concentration of Na+ in artificial tears could be measured by absorbance or fluorescence intensity, which was highly correlated with osmolarity over the diagnostic range (R2 > 0.98). Our approach is useful for studying eye diseases in relation to osmolarity.
Recent Enhancements to Interline and Electron Multiplying CCD Image Sensors
Authors: Stevens Eric , Clayhold Jeffrey , Doan Hung , Fabinski Robert , Hynecek Jaroslav , Kosman Stephen , Parks Christopher
Published: December 2017

This paper describes recent process modifications made to enhance the performance of interline and electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device (EMCCD) image sensors. By use of MeV ion implantation, quantum efficiency in the NIR region of the spectrum was increased by 2×, and image smear was reduced by 6 dB. By reducing the depth of the shallow photodiode (PD) implants, the photodiode-to-vertical-charge-coupled-device (VCCD) transfer gate voltage required for no-lag operation was reduced by 3 V, and the electronic shutter voltage was reduced by 9 V. The thinner, surface pinning layer also resulted in a reduction of smear by 4 dB in the blue portion of the visible spectrum. For EMCCDs, gain aging was eliminated by providing an oxide-only dielectric under its multiplication phase, while retaining the oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) gate dielectrics elsewhere in the device.
Top Management Teams’ Characteristics and Strategic Decision-Making: A Mediation of Risk Perceptions and Mental Models
Authors: Wu Tungju , Wu Yenchun , Tsai Hsientang , Li Yibin
Published: December 2017

Strategic decision-making is a key factor of sustainability and development in enterprises. Moreover, the top management team (TMT) of an enterprise constitutes the base for decision-making. This study employed structural equation modeling to analyze questionnaires regarding TMTs’ characteristics and strategic decision-making, and tested the mediating effects of risk perceptions and mental models and the moderating effects of psychological ownership. We investigated 289 valid questionnaires on TMTs completed by representatives from enterprises in China and found risk perceptions and mental models that serve as a mediating factor and are affected by the TMTs’ characteristics and decision-making. We also found that psychological ownership exerts moderating effects between TMTs’ characteristics and decision-making. This paper concludes with a discussion of theoretical and managerial implications for enterprise owners.
Influence of Nanoscaled Surface Modification on the Reaction of Al/Ni Multilayers
Authors: Bartsch Heike , Mánuel José , Grieseler Rolf
Published: December 2017

Sputtered reactive multilayers applied as a heat source in electronic joining processes are an emerging technology. Their use promises low-stress assembly of components while improving thermal contact and reducing thermal resistance. Nanostructured surface modifications can significantly enhance adhesion and reliability of joints between different materials. This work examines reactive multilayer of nickel and aluminum, directly sputtered on nanostructured black silicon surfaces and compares their phase transformation with reference samples deposited on pristine silicon surface. The investigation of the quenched self-propagating reaction reveals a clear influence of the nanostructured surface on the prolongation of the phase transition. Rapid thermal annealing tests result in the formation of Al1.1Ni0.9 phase. The nanostructured interface seems to hinder the full transformation of the parent material. The surface modification improves the adhesion of the formed alloy on silicon surfaces and can possibly increase the reliability of joints based on reactive aluminum/nickel multilayer. The use of black silicon, a nanostructured surface modification, is thus a promising approach to realize reliable multi-material joints in complex systems.
Designing a Pregnancy Care Network for Pregnant Women
Authors: Khanum Sabiha , De Souza Maria , Sayyed Ali , Naz Najma
Published: December 2017

All pregnant women need easy access to pregnancy-related personalized information, on-time quality healthcare services and effective communication links with healthcare providers. Smartphone-based devices, communication systems and eHealth applications can play an important role in facilitating some of these services to pregnant women in a fast and efficient way and can thus prevent most of the pregnancy-related complications. The objective of this work is to propose and design a pregnancy care network for pregnant women and healthcare providers. The network model, an eHealth application based on smartphone-based devices and communication systems, is designed to strengthen communication links between health professionals and pregnant women and increase education, awareness and quality of care during pregnancy and childbirth.
Risk Factors Associated with Brucella Seropositivity in Sheep and Goats in Duhok Province, Iraq
Authors: Alhamada Ali. , Habib Ihab , Barnes Anne , Robertson Ian
Published: December 2017

Sera from 432 small ruminants (335 sheep and 97 goats) from 72 farms in Duhok Province, northern Iraq, were collected to investigate risk factors associated with brucellosis seropositivity. Serum samples were tested using the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Using parallel interpretation, RBT and iELISA results showed that 31.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.1, 36.3) of sheep and 34.0% (95% CI: 24.7, 44.3) of goats had antibodies against Brucella in the study area. A random-effects multivariable logistic regression model indicated that a higher chance of being seropositive (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7; 95% 1.4; 2.2) was associated with an increase in the age of animals. The odds of Brucella seropositivity in flocks where sheep and goats grazed together was 2.0 times higher (95% CI: 1.08; 3.9) compared to flocks where sheep and goats grazed separately. The odds of Brucella seropositivity in small ruminants was 2.2 higher (95% CI: 1.2; 4.3) for animals originating from farms with a history of goat abortion in the preceding 12 months. In contrast, for every 1000 Iraqi Dinars (~0.85 US Dollar) spent by the farmers on control of Brucella in their flocks, the odds of Brucella seropositivity decreased significantly (OR = 0.9, p-value = 0.021). The final model also indicated significant differences in Brucella seropositivity between the different districts of Duhok Province. This study provides a contribution to the epidemiology of brucellosis in small ruminants in northern Iraq.
Effect of Temperature Rising on the Stygobitic Crustacean Species Diacyclops belgicus: Does Global Warming Affect Groundwater Populations?
Authors: Di Lorenzo Tiziana , Galassi Diana
Published: December 2017

The average global temperature is predicted to increase by 3 °C by the end of this century due to human-induced climate change. The overall metabolism of the aquatic biota will be directly affected by rising temperatures and associated changes. Since thermal stability is a characteristic of groundwater ecosystems, global warming is expected to have a profound effect on the groundwater fauna. The prediction that stygobitic (obligate groundwater dweller) species are vulnerable to climate change includes assumptions about metabolic effects that can only be tested by comparisons across a thermal gradient. To this end, we investigated the effects of two different thermal regimes on the metabolism of the stygobitic copepod species Diacyclops belgicus (Kiefer, 1936). We measured the individual-based oxygen consumption of this species as a proxy of possible metabolic reactions to temperature rising from 14 to 17 °C. We used a sealed glass microplate equipped with planar oxygen sensor spots with optical isolation glued onto the bottom of 80-μL wells integrated with a 24-channel fluorescence-based respirometry system. The tests have provided controversial results according to which the D. belgicus populations should be prudently considered at risk under a global warming scenario.
Simulation of Pan Evaporation and Application to Estimate the Evaporation of Juyan Lake, Northwest China under a Hyper-Arid Climate
Authors: Yu Teng-Fei , Si Jian-Hua , Feng Qi , Xi Hai-Yang , Chu Yong-Wei , Li Kai
Published: December 2017

Because of its nature, lake evaporation (EL) is rarely measured directly. The most common method used is to apply a pan coefficient (Kp) to the measured pan evaporation (Ep). To reconstruct the long sequence dataset of Ep, this study firstly determined the conversion coefficients of Ep of two pans (φ20 and E601, each applied to a different range of years) measured synchronously at the nearest meteorological station during the unfrozen period through 1986 to 2001, and then Ep was estimated by the PenPan model that developed to the Class A pan and applied to quantify the EL of the Juyan Lake, located in the hyper-arid area of northwest China. There was a significantly linear relationship between the E601 and φ20 with the conversion coefficients of 0.60 and 0.61 at daily and monthly time scales, respectively. The annual Ep based on monthly conversion coefficients was estimated at 2240.5 mm and decreased by 6.5 mm per year, which was consistent with the declining wind speed (U) during the 60 years from 1957 to 2016. The Ep simulated by the PenPan model with the modified net radiation (Rn) had better performance (compared to Ep measured by E601) than the original PenPan model, which may be attributed to the overestimated Rn under the surface of E601 that was embedded in the soil rather than above the ground similar to the Class A and φ20. The measured monthly EL and Ep has a significantly linear relationship during the unfrozen period in 2014 and 2015, but the ratio of Ep to EL, i.e., Kp varied within the year, with an average of 0.79, and was logarithmically associated with U. The yearly mean EL with full lake area from 2005 to 2015 was 1638.5 mm and 1385.6 mm, calculated by the water budget and the PenPan model with the modified Rn, respectively; the latter was comparable to the surface runoff with an average of 1462.9 mm. In conclusion, the PenPan model with the modified Rn has good performance in simulating Ep of the E601, and by applying varied Kp to the model we can improve the estimates of lake evaporation.
Transient Modeling of Flow in Unsaturated Soils Using a Novel Collocation Meshless Method
Authors: Ku Cheng-Yu , Liu Chih-Yu , Xiao Jing-En , Yeih Weichung
Published: December 2017

In this paper, a novel meshless method for the transient modeling of subsurface flow in unsaturated soils was developed. A linearization process for the nonlinear Richards equation using the Gardner exponential model to analyze the transient flow in the unsaturated zone was adopted. For the transient modeling, we proposed a pioneering work using the collocation Trefftz method and utilized the coordinate system in Minkowski spacetime instead of that in the original Euclidean space. The initial value problem for transient modeling of subsurface flow in unsaturated soils can then be transformed into the inverse boundary value problem. A numerical solution obtained in the spacetime coordinate system was approximated by superpositioning Trefftz basis functions satisfying the governing equation for boundary collocation points on partial problem domain boundary in the spacetime coordinate system. As a result, the transient problems can be solved without using the traditional time-marching scheme. The validity of the proposed method is established for several test problems. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is highly accurate and computationally efficient. The results also reveal that it has great numerical stability for the transient modeling of subsurface flow in unsaturated soils.
Characteristics of Bacterial Communities in Cyanobacteria-Blooming Aquaculture Wastewater Influenced by the Phytoremediation with Water Hyacinth
Authors: Zhou Qing , Chen Ting , Han Shiqun
Published: December 2017

Cyanobacterial blooms often occur in aquaculture wastewater in China. A floating plant, water hyacinth has been widely used to treat this wastewater. Little is known, however, about bacterial community characteristics and the risk of potential pathogens in cyanobacteria-blooming aquaculture wastewater remediated by water hyacinth. In wastewater treated with water hyacinth, we used culture enumeration and high-throughput sequencing to explore the characteristics of bacterial communities, the status of coliform bacteria, and pathogenic bacteria potentially conducive to human disease. Our results indicated that the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, Chlorobi, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and phylum OD1 in cyanobacteria-blooming aquaculture wastewater were significantly influenced by water hyacinth. After 30 days, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and phylum OD1 in the water hyacinth treatments increased remarkably, while the relative abundance of the other 5 phyla in treatment was significantly reduced compared with the controls. In 21 major families, the relative abundance of Comamonadaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, Rhodocylclaceae, and an unnamed group from phylum OD1 increased significantly in the water hyacinth treatments compared with the controls. The number of total coliforms in wastewater treated by water hyacinth was significantly elevated and higher than controls during the first 6–18 days, with the maximum reaching 23,800 MPN/L. The level of potential pathogenic bacteria in wastewater treated by water hyacinth significantly reduced compared with the controls after 18 days, but it significantly increased from the initial level. It appears that water hyacinth by itself is not an effective treatment for reducing potential pathogens in aquaculture water.
The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics
Authors: Kanelidis Ioannis , Kraus Tobias
Published: December 2017

Coinage-metal nanoparticles are key components of many printable electronic inks. They can be combined with polymers to form conductive composites and have been used as the basis of molecular electronic devices. This review summarizes the multidimensional role of surface ligands that cover their metal cores. Ligands not only passivate crystal facets and determine growth rates and shapes; they also affect size and colloidal stability. Particle shapes can be tuned via the ligand choice while ligand length, size, ω-functionalities, and chemical nature influence shelf-life and stability of nanoparticles in dispersions. When particles are deposited, ligands affect the electrical properties of the resulting film, the morphology of particle films, and the nature of the interfaces. The effects of the ligands on sintering, cross-linking, and self-assembly of particles in electronic materials are discussed.
SDSS J1056+5516: A Triple AGN or an SMBH Recoil Candidate?
Authors: Kalfountzou E. , Lleo M. Santos , Trichas M.
Published: December 2017

We report the discovery of a kiloparsec-scale triple supermassive black hole system at z = 0.256: SDSS J1056+5516, discovered by our systematic search for binary quasars. The system contains three strong emission-line nuclei, which are offset by

and by 15–18 kpc in projected separation, suggesting that the nuclei belong to the same physical structure. The system includes a tidal arm feature spanning ∼100 kpc in projected distance at the systems’ redshift, inhabiting an ongoing or recent galaxy merger. Based on our results, such a structure can only satisfy one of the three scenarios; a triple supermasive black hole (SMBH) interacting system, a triple AGN, or a recoiling SMBH. Each of these scenarios is unique for our understanding of the hierarchical growth of galaxies, AGN triggering, and gravitational waves.
Circumstellar Interaction Models for the Bolometric Light Curve of Type I Superluminous SN 2017egm
Authors: Wheeler J. Craig , Chatzopoulos Emmanouil , Vinkó Jozsef , Tuminello Richard
Published: December 2017

We explore simple semi-analytic fits to the bolometric light curve of Gaia17biu/SN 2017egm, the most nearby hydrogen-deficient superluminous supernova (SLSN I) yet discovered. SN 2017egm has a quasi-bolometric light curve that is uncharacteristic of other SLSN I by having a nearly linear rise to maximum and decline from peak, with a very sharp transition. Magnetar models have difficulty explaining the sharp peak and may tend to be too bright 20 days after maximum. Light curves powered only by radioactive decay of 56Ni fail on similar grounds and because they demand greater nickel mass than ejecta mass. Simple models based on circumstellar interaction (CSI) do have a sharp peak corresponding to the epoch when the forward shock breaks out of the optically thick circumstellar medium or the reverse shock reaches the inside of the ejecta. We find that models based on CSI with a constant-density shell provide an interesting fit to the bolometric light curve from 15 days before to 15 days after peak light of SN 2017egm and that both magnetar and radioactive decay models fail to fit the sharp peak. Future photometric observations should easily discriminate basic CSI models from basic magnetar models. The implications of a CSI model are briefly discussed.
Infrastructures de stockage agricole (ISAC) dans la zone soudano-sahélienne du Cameroun : conditions de gouvernance d’un bien commun pour la sécurisation alimentaire
Authors: Fofiri Nzossie Eric Joel , Temple Ludovic , Ndamè Joseph Pierre
Published: December 2017

Face au risque permanent d’insécurité alimentaire dans la zone soudano-sahélienne du Cameroun, l’action publique nationale et internationale est davantage polarisée par la promotion du stockage collectif comme trajectoire d’innovation pour la régulation du marché céréalier. L’infrastructure de stockage, soumise à des règles opérationnelles de gestion parfois contradictoires et exposée à des visions dichotomiques quant à sa finalité entre promoteurs et bénéficiaires, acquiert ainsi la qualité de ressource commune au sens d’Ostrom. Elle porte par conséquent, dans ce manque de mise en cohérence, le germe de l’échec des politiques d’appui à la sécurisation alimentaire et d’aide au développement. L’article interroge les conditions de mutualisation des politiques qui structurent les trajectoires d’innovation sur le stockage ainsi que les résultats de l’action de la diversité d’acteurs. Il analyse la pertinence de ces trajectoires au regard de leur impact relatif sur la saisonnalité historique de l’offre céréalière et l’instabilité des prix domestiques. La méthodologie mobilise des données secondaires auprès des institutions et organismes qui produisent l’information sur le stockage (SODECOTON, PAM, Office céréalier, ministère de l’Agriculture, ONG) et le suivi des prix sur les marchés (INS). L’exploitation de ces données est complétée par une enquête réalisée auprès d’une centaine d’organisations de producteurs (OP) bénéficiaires des appuis institutionnels (ONG, projets étatiques), sur leur participation à l’élaboration et à la mise en œuvre des politiques liées au système de stockage collectif.
De l’enseignement à la clinique : l’analyse de pratique professionnelle au lycée
Authors: Haguenauer Moune
Published: December 2017

L’enseignement est un métier de la relation et du lien. Toute situation pédagogique est empreinte d’enjeux qui peuvent menacer la sphère didactique, et quelquefois ébranler l’équilibre psychique de l’enseignant. Celui-ci est souvent mal préparé à contenir les turbulences émotionnelles, inhérentes à toute confrontation subjective à l’autre, surtout adolescent. Nous posons l’hypothèse que la mise en place de groupes d’analyse de pratique au sein des établissements d’enseignement permet un travail d’élaboration psychique de la pratique quotidienne, soutenant la posture professionnelle. Il s’agit de comprendre, de nommer, d’élaborer ce qui se déroule dans chaque acte éducatif ainsi que l’implication émotionnelle subjective de chaque enseignant.
De haute mémoire
Authors: Barès Robert
Published: December 2017

Un éducateur technique en itep tente d’habiter cette fonction d’une manière libre car tout y est à inventer toujours, sans autre légitimité que l’opiniâtreté de cette recherche permanente et le désir de nommer, de faire acte. À partir des quatre éléments, il dessine les liens multiples entre leur matérialité et les gestes de l’homme pour les domestiquer. Créer des lieux éducatifs et des espaces d’expérimentation, d’élaboration, d’apprentissage qui soient respectueux des personnes, de leurs rythmes mais aussi soutenus par les collectifs, ceux des jeunes et ceux de l’équipe éducative, constitue son projet professionnel.
Colloque étudiant de l’Institut Saint-Simon, arseaa , Toulouse. Le travail social en recherche
Authors: Bertrand Marianne
Published: December 2017

Le Pôle Institut Saint-Simon a organisé, en février 2017, son 3 e colloque étudiant, ayant pour thème : « Le travail social en recherche ». Cet événement a deux objets : la valorisation des écrits des personnes formées au travail social et la transmission des anciens étudiants/stagiaires vers ceux qui sont actuellement en formation. Les étudiants, titulaires depuis juin 2016 d’un diplôme professionnel ( de af, amp, eje, ets, es ), dont le mémoire a été retenu par un jury, ont présenté leur travail à un public de professionnels et d’étudiants en cours de formation.
Faut-il faire évoluer l’évaluation de l’action sociale ?
Authors: Lodéon Baptiste
Published: December 2017

L’évaluation est omniprésente dans la pratique des professionnels du travail social, or, de nos jours, c’est l’analyse des résultats de celle-ci qui vient justifier le financement des équipes et des structures. Mais les critères d’évaluation actuels permettent-ils de rendre compte de la réalité des bénéfices générés par le travail social ? La réponse à cette question doit inciter les professionnels de terrain et les fédérations d’établissements à se mobiliser pour définir des critères pertinents permettant de donner à voir toute l’utilité sociale de leur action… au risque sinon, pour l’ensemble du secteur, de se retrouver dans le même paradoxe que les professionnels de la prévention spécialisée.
L’hétéronomie comme ressource
Authors: Lepont Ulrike
Published: December 2017

À partir du cas des health policy analysts , cet article analyse l’émergence et les conditions d’institutionnalisation aux États-Unis d’un espace de l’expertise professionnalisée (autour des think tanks , fondations, centres de recherche appliquée) dans lequel les experts n’ont pas d’autre statut professionnel que, précisément, celui d’être « expert ». Posant la question de la construction de leur légitimité dans un tel cas, l’article montre comment, à rebours de la littérature sur l’expertise qui postule généralement l’importance pour les experts de se rapporter à un savoir scientifique reconnu comme autonome, les health policy analysts ont investi une discpline opérationnelle qui n’a pas de prétention à l’autonomie mais qui, tout en leur assurant un certain crédit scientifique, reste adaptée aux exigences de leur métier d’expert. L’hypothèse défendue est que cette faible prétention à l’autonomie, loin d’avoir été un obstacle à leur institutionnalisation, a au contraire été un atout. Cette recherche pose alors plus généralement la question de la forme des savoirs que le développement de ces espaces de l’expertise professionnalisée prenant appui sur des disciplines appliquées tend à faire advenir dans l’espace public. La priorité donnée en particulier à la « faisabilité » restreint la dimension critique des savoirs produits, ainsi que la prise de risque dans les propositions formulées, qui doivent rester conformes à ce qui est perçu comme étant de l’univers des possibles.
Quantifier la qualité de la justice entre droits de l’homme et modernisation
Authors: Cappellina Bartolomeo
Published: December 2017

Croisant sociologie de l’action publique, sociologie politique et sociologie de la quantification, cet article analyse la façon dont la qualité a été définie et quantifiée au sein de la Commission européenne pour l’efficacité de la justice du Conseil de l’Europe. En prêtant attention aux configurations d’acteurs et à leurs cadres cognitifs dans la construction de dispositifs d’évaluation de la qualité, l’article souligne l’instrumentation de l’action publique associée à l’élaboration et à la circulation de ces dispositifs.
Aristote, l’agir moral et le management
Authors: Peneranda Adrien
Published: December 2017

Cette contribution à la philosophie des sciences de gestion mobilise la pensée aristotélicienne sur la politique, la Cité et le bien commun pour éclairer la réalité du management dans les organisations modernes. L’article revisite les écrits d’Aristote en suivant l’analyse proposée par le philosophe belge Marcel De Corte, l’un des maîtres de l’école helléniste de Liège au XX e siècle. Plus précisément, c’est le rapport entre la technique managériale et la politique qui sera approfondi pour mettre en lumière le projet fondateur de la cybernétique de parvenir à constituer une nouvelle science du gouvernement. Ce projet prend racine dans un monde d’organisations dominé par l’impératif technique. Ainsi ce n’est pas tant l’action qui constitue l’objet du management mais bien la conception et le contrôle de systèmes artificiels, véritable ingénierie qui relève du faire et non de l’agir.
La métaphysique comptable
Authors: Bouchard Bruno
Published: December 2017

Une comptabilité d’entreprise est thymotique, ou métaphysique, parce qu’il y a une optique comptable et des effets sur son lecteur. Nous proposons une théorie métaphysique de la comptabilité qui cheminerait vers la possibilité de son dépassement technique en proposant une lecture seconde de toute comptabilité d’entreprise : une lecture thymotique, du grec thymos, terme qui renvoie à un couple inséparable, à une tension permanente entre « colère » et « fierté ». Nous verrons en quoi Platon voyait le thymos comme l’une des trois composantes de l’âme. Entre un bénéfice inattendu et une perte imprévisible, entre l’insatisfaction d’une coupure budgétaire et le ravissement d’un dividende extraordinaire, entre un état de comptes de revenus astronomiques et une collection d’anachronismes qui attestent d’un défaut complet de gouvernance dans la reddition de compte, mais que révèle, ou confirme, une comptabilité d’entreprise, il y aura assurément un sentiment, une émotion ou, à tout le moins, une réaction thymotique.