bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enclosing the Sea
Authors: Armiero Marco
Published: December 2010

At the end of nineteenth century, the city of Naples, Italy was hit by a cholera epidemic that affected the fishers' neighborhoods that lined the seaboard with special intensity. As a consequence of the epidemic, the area was transformed from a poor neighborhood inhabited by fishers into a residential and leisure area for the upper-middle class. Fishers were forced to leave the area, thereby cutting the socio-ecological connections between this urban community and “their” sea, that is, a very special urban commons. This article examines how the sanitization project demolished not only fishers' homes and infrastructures but also the very idea that work could coexist with nature in the same space. The dichotomist vision counterpoising nature to work also implicitly opposed fishers' common use of space and natural resources. Nevertheless, “sanitization” did not occur without resistance. Whereas supporters of sanitization saw privatization and gentrification as the only means to preserve the beauty of the waterfront, other narratives used the picturesque as a common ground between nature and work. According to those narratives, the picturesque included the traces of work and daily life; the beauty of the Neapolitan waterfront was not in spite of fishers' presence in the landscape, rather it was considered the by-product of the combination of nature and fishers' ways of living and producing.
Energy Security
Authors: Marzec Robert P.
Published: December 2010

This essay examines the transformation in land relations known as the enclosure movement that paralleled the rise of the British Empire. It reveals this transformation to be a major motivator in today's cultural and political orientations toward the environment, and toward land relations in general. It argues that the ontology of enclosure has continued to spread in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries to geographical locations formerly connected to British and European colonial expansion, adversely affecting the struggles of today's agricultural communities. The major manifestation of the enclosing ontology appears in the trope of “energy security,” a term meant to justify the enclosure of third world agricultural spaces for the future development of presumably green-friendly plant alternatives to oil. The essay also explores the activities of the Brazilian Landless Workers' Movement (MST) and its alternative relationship to the land. It concludes with an admonitory statement about the future viability of the geopolitics of enclosure.
The Future of the Commons
Authors: Harvey David
Published: December 2010

Current thinking about the problem of how to manage common resources still dwells on arguments either in favor of or against enclosure, coming primarily from contemporary political and scholarly debate about the enclosure of the early modern agrarian English commons. Many considerations of the enclosure of the commons, however, have so far failed to account for a number of variables. For instance, the sensible management of common resources on a local scale may not function at all on a global one. Protecting forest biodiversity in areas populated by at-risk indigenous populations may call for trading off the protection of one commons for another. And commons also can be exclusionary, or can involve resources that are not scarce, such as intellectual property. In this essay, David Harvey argues that the real problem demanding our attention is private property, not the commons itself. The capitalist commons is being continuously enclosed, but it is also being continuously produced. To fulfill our common interests, we need to look to the powers of collective labor to address capitalism's destruction of land and labor resources.
Enclosures of Land and Sovereignty
Authors: Chang David A.
Published: December 2010

This essay cautiously compares the dispossession of Native lands in the United States with the enclosure of the English commons, in light of the transfer of political sovereignty that occurred in the case it explores. The federal policy of dividing American Indian nations' tribal lands into privately owned parcels led to the loss of Native lands and obscured the colonial nature of federal power. Following the implementation of this late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century program, known as allotment, non-Indian people gained ownership of millions of acres of Indian territory. Two neglected shifts accompanied this commonly noted loss of land. First, allotment eroded the sovereignty of Native nations while extending the authority of the colonizing power, the federal government. Second, the program indirectly reinforced a tendency to think that it was race, rather than political difference, that defined Indian people and Indian nations. Placing Native people into the schema of U.S. race relations obscured their status as colonized subjects and members of sovereign nations. Allotment thus simultaneously expanded federal power and veiled its colonial nature.
Culture, Content, and the Enclosure of Human Being
Authors: Collins John F.
Published: December 2010

Cultural heritage, or patrimony, is a technology that transforms people's everyday habits, or culture, into forms of property. Thus in neoliberalism's wake, patrimony has been configured as a source of value essential to development schemes that stress knowledge economies. In this review and extension of anthropological approaches to patrimony, I argue that a vacillation between alienable and inalienable cultural properties constructed around quotidian habits, or what has been construed as some sort of human essence supervised by UNESCO, has come to rest today on a hybrid form of mining and enclosure of human qualities. I thus follow the logic of a rampant commodification under neoliberalism and consider how enclosure may be extended conceptually from analyses of land to the marketing of a peoplehood. My goal in doing so is to suggest avenues for future research on the global production of value and its relationship to struggles for social justice today.
Authorized Disruption
Authors: Hawke John
Published: December 2010

John Hawke's unauthorized interventions into public space aim to recode street spaces and remind of utopian possibilities of communality. Featured projects, such as “Orange Work,” created in collaboration with his fellow artist Sancho Silva, blurs the boundaries between public and private, sculpture and building site, and stealth art and public works. Also featured are sign revisions that question the limited utilitarianism of public space and its historical interpretation.
Use of Risperidone as Augmentation Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Owenby Ryan K , Brown Lindsey T , Brown Jamie N
Published: December 2010

Objective

To review the efficacy and safety of risperidone for augmentation treatment In patients with major depressive disorder who fail to achieve adequate response to antidepressant monotherapy.

Data Sources:

A search of MEDLINE (1966-August 2010) and EMBASE (1980-August 2010) was conducted, using the terms risperidone and major depressive disorder. In addition, a manual search of the references cited in each publication identified from the database search was conducted to identify relevant articles.

Study Selection And Data Extraction:

All English-language, peer-reviewed publications identified from the data sources were evaluated. Four clinical trials and 1 subanalysis of a clinical trial were included for analysis.

Data Synthesis:

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic that displays antidepressant properties due to its activity at various serotonergic and dopaminergic receptors. Studies have demonstrated that risperidone augmentation may be effective and safe when used at low doses. Although several of the studies identified had limited sample sizes, all studies demonstrated improvement on various standardized depressive symptom assessment scales. Study durations ranged from 4 to 24 weeks, with doses ranging from 0.25 to 2 mg/day. The most common adverse effects associated with risperidone therapy were headache, dry mouth, and increased appetite.

Conclusions:

Clinical evidence suggests that the use of risperidone as adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant depression may improve rates of response and remission, but long-term effectiveness and safety cannot be determined at this time. Therefore, an adequate trial of first-line agents from different classes and/or a combination of agents from different classes would be recommended prior to initiation of risperidone. If the decision is made to start risperidone, health-care providers should ensure that patients are educated regarding the potential benefits and adverse effects before initiating risperidone.
The Role of Lamotrigine in the Treatment of Short-Lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing Syndrome
Authors: Rosselli Jennifer L , Karpinski Julie P
Published: December 2010

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of lamotrigine for treatment of short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) syndrome.

Data Sources:

Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1950-June 2010) using the terms lamotrigine, triazines, SUNCT, and trigeminal autonomic cephalgia.

Study Selection And Data Extraction:

All articles in English and studies conducted in humans were identified and evaluated.

Data Synthesis:

SUNCT syndrome can be an extremely challenging headache type to manage and has been considered refractory to pharmacotherapy. Many anticonvulsants have been evaluated as promising SUNCT treatments, with lamotrigine specifically reported as an effective first-line treatment option. There is a lack of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials evaluating lamotrigine in SUNCT syndrome therapy; however, 2 observational studies, 3 case series, and 5 case reports were reviewed. Lamotrigine appears to decrease the frequency and severity of SUNCT attacks, leading to complete resolution in some patients. A decrease in symptoms was achieved with doses ranging from 25 to 600 mg/day. In some cases, there was initial response to low doses, but dosage titrations were often necessary when symptoms returned several days after being managed at the same dose. Lamotrigine should be initiated at 25 mg/day and gradually titrated, guided by response and adverse effects. The risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a dose-related adverse effect, can be minimized with gradual titration.

Conclusions:

According to case reports and observational studies, lamotrigine therapy has resulted in decreased frequency or resolution of SUNCT syndrome attacks. Randomized, controlled trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy of lamotrigine for this indication.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Following MF59-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine Administration: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Montagnani Sabrina , Tuccori Marco , Lombardo Giuseppe , Testi Arianna , Mantarro Stefania , Ruggiero Elisa , Blandizzi Corrado
Published: December 2010

Objective

To describe 2 cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) following the administration of MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine.

Case Summary:

An 83-year-old white woman developed persistent hyperpyrexia, polyarthralgia, and lower limb hypostenia about 2 days after receiving influenza vaccine. Clinical signs and laboratory evaluations suggested AIHA. The patient was treated with high-dose corticosteroids and immunoglobulins, and her clinical condition improved. A 74-year-old white woman developed severe abdominal pain and asthenia 3 days after the administration of influenza vaccine. Clinical signs and laboratory evaluations disclosed AIHA. She was treated with corticosteroids, rehydration, and blood transfusion; however, she died about 48 hours after hospitalization.

Discussion:

AIHA has been rarely described following influenza vaccine administration. In the cases described here, the causal relationship between influenza vaccination and the occurrence of AIHA, assessed by means of World Health Organization criteria, was scored as probable. It has been proposed that the mechanism whereby vaccines induce autoimmune responses can be molecular mimicry, although a possible role of other vaccine constituents, with particular regard for adjuvants, such as MF59, can not be excluded. Squalene, a constituent of MF59, has been suggested as a causative agent of autoimmune reactions. However, it is not clear how and under what conditions squalene can cause immune responses.

Conclusions:

Influenza vaccination may rarely trigger severe AIHA, shortly after vaccine administration. A mechanism of molecular mimicry is probably involved in the development of these reactions, although the possible role of adjuvants can not be excluded. Patients should be instructed to report signs and symptoms of autoimmune disorders occurring in the first weeks after administration of influenza vaccine.
Statistical methods for paleodemography on fossil assemblages having small numbers of specimens: an investigation of dinosaur survival rates
Authors: Steinsaltz David , Orzack Steven Hecht
Published: December 2010

We describe statistical methods to formulate and validate statements about survival rates given a small number of individuals. These methods allow one to estimate the age-specific survival rate and assess its uncertainty, to assess whether the survival rates during some age range differ from the survival rates during another age range, and to assess whether the survivorship curve has a particular shape. We illustrate these methods by applying them to a sample of 22Albertosaurus sarcophagusindividuals. We show that this sample is too small to provide any confidence in the claim that this species had a “convex” survivorship curve arising from age-specific survival rates that decreased monotonically with age. However, we show that a sample of 50 to 100 individuals has reasonable statistical power to support such a claim. There is evidence for the much weaker claim that average survival rates for ages 2 to 15 were higher than survival rates for later ages. Finally, we describe one way to account for size-dependent fossilization rates and show that a plausible positively-size-dependent fossilization rate results in a substantially non-convex survivorship curve forA. sarcophagus.
Permian–Triassic land-plant diversity in South China: Was there a mass extinction at the Permian/Triassic boundary?
Authors: Xiong Conghui , Wang Qi
Published: December 2010

Diversity dynamics of the Permian–Triassic land plants in South China are studied by analyzing paleobotanical data. Our results indicate that the total diversity of land-plant megafossil genera and species across the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB) of South China underwent a progressive decline from the early Late Permian (Wuchiapingian) to the Early-Middle Triassic. In contrast, the diversity of land-plant microfossil genera exhibited only a small fluctuation across the PTB of South China, showing an increase at the PTB. Overall, land plants across the PTB of South China show a greater stability in diversity dynamics than marine faunas. The highest extinction rate (90.91%) and the lowest origination rate (18.18%) of land-plant megafossil genera occurred at the early Early Triassic (Induan), but the temporal duration of the higher genus extinction rates (>60%) in land plants was about 23.4 Myr, from the Wuchiapingian to the early Middle Triassic (Anisian), which is longer than that of the coeval marine faunas (3–11 Myr). Moreover, the change of genus turnover rates in land-plant megafossils steadily fluctuated from the late Early Permian to the Late Triassic. More stable diversity and turnover rate as well as longer extinction duration suggest that land plants near the PTB of South China may have been involved in a gradual floral reorganization and evolutionary replacement rather than a mass extinction like those in the coeval marine faunas.
The evolution of the bone-cracking model in carnivorans: cranial functional morphology of the Plio-Pleistocene cursorial hyaenid Chasmaporthetes lunensis (Mammalia: Carnivora)
Authors: Tseng Zhijie Jack , Antón Mauricio , Salesa Manuel J.
Published: December 2010

Fossil species of the family Hyaenidae represent a wide range of ecomorphological diversity not observed in living representatives of this carnivoran group. Among them, the cursorial meat-and-bone specialists are of particular interest not only because they were the most cursorial of the hyaenids, but also because they were the only members of this family to spread into the New World. Here we conduct a functional morphological analysis of the cranium of the cursorial meat-and-bone specialistChasmaporthetes lunensisby using finite element modeling to compare it with the livingCrocuta crocuta, a well-known bone-cracking carnivoran. As found with previous finite element studies on hyaenid crania, the cranium ofC. lunensisis not differentially adapted for stress dissipation between the bone-cracking and meat-shearing teeth. A smaller occlusal surface on the more slender P3 cusp ofC. lunensisallowed this species to use less bite force to crack a comparably-sized bone relative toC. crocuta, but higher muscle masses in the latter probably allow it to process larger food items. We use two indices, the stress slope and the bone-cracking index, to show thatC. lunensishas a well-adapted cranium for stress dissipation given its size, but the main stresses placed on its cranium might have been more from subduing prey and less from cracking bones. Throughout the Cenozoic, other carnivores besides hyaenids convergently evolved similar morphologies, including domed frontal regions, suggesting an adaptive value for a repetitive mosaic of features. Our analyses add support to the hypothesis that bone-cracking adaptations are a complex model that has evolved convergently several times across different carnivoran families, and these predictable morphologies may evolve along a common gradient of functionality that is likely to be under strong adaptive control.
Phylogenetic corrections for morphological disparity analysis: new methodology and case studies
Authors: Brusatte Stephen L. , Montanari Shaena , Yi Hong-yu , Norell Mark A.
Published: December 2010

Taxonomic diversity and morphological disparity are different measures of biodiversity that together can describe large-scale evolutionary patterns. Diversity measures are often corrected by extending lineages back in time or adding additional taxa necessitated by a phylogeny, but disparity analyses focus on observed taxa only. This is problematic because some morphologies required by phylogeny are not included, some of which may help fill poorly sampled time bins. Moreover the taxic nature of disparity analyses makes it difficult to compare disparity measures with phylogenetically corrected diversity or morphological evolutionary rate curves. We present a general method for using phylogeny to correct measures of disparity, by including reconstructed ancestors in the disparity analysis. We apply this method to discrete character data sets focusing on Triassic archosaurs, Cenozoic carnivoramorph mammals, and Cretaceous-Cenozoic euarchontogliran mammals. Phylogenetic corrections do not simply mirror the taxic disparity patterns, but affect the three analyses in heterogeneous ways. Adding reconstructed ancestors can inflate morphospace, and the amount and direction of expansion differs depending on the taxonomic group in question. In some cases phylogenetic corrections give a temporal disparity curve indistinguishable from the taxic trend, but in other cases disparity is elevated in earlier time intervals relative to later bins, due to the extension of unsampled morphologies further back in time. The phylogenetic disparity curve for archosaurs differs little from the taxic curve, supporting a previously documented pattern of decoupled disparity and rates of morphological change in dinosaurs and their early contemporaries. Although phylogenetic corrections should not be used blindly, they are helpful when studying clades with major unsampled gaps in their fossil records.
Does extinction wield an axe or pruning shears? How interactions between phylogeny and ecology affect patterns of extinction
Authors: Green Walton A. , Hunt Gene , Wing Scott L. , DiMichele William A.
Published: December 2010

Extinctions are caused by environmental and ecological change but are recognized and measured in the fossil record by the disappearance of clades or lineages. If the ecological preferences of lineages or taxa are weakly congruent with their phylogenetic relationships, even large ecological perturbations are unlikely to drive major clades extinct because the factors that eliminate some species are unlikely to affect close relatives with different ecological preferences. In contrast, if phylogenetic relatedness and ecological preferences are congruent, then ecological perturbations can more easily cause extinctions of large clades. In order to quantify this effect, we used a computer model to simulate the diversification and extinction of clades based on ecological criteria. By varying the parameters of the model, we explored (1) the relationship between the extinction probability for a clade of a given size (number of terminals) and the overall intensity of extinction (the proportion of the terminals that go extinct), and (2) the congruence between ecological traits of the terminals and their phylogenetic relationships. Data from two extinctions (planktonic foraminifera at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary and vascular land plants at the Middle/Late Pennsylvanian boundary) show phylogenetic clustering of both ecological traits and extinction probability and demonstrate the interaction of these factors. The disappearance of large clades is observed in the fossil record, but our model suggests that it is very improbable without both high overall extinction intensities and high congruence between ecology and phylogeny.
Magnitude and Direction of Mechanical Stress at the Osseointegrated Interface of the Microthread Implant
Authors: Hudieb Malik I. , Wakabayashi Noriyuki , Kasugai Shohei
Published: December 2010

Background: The mechanism by which the microthread implant preserves peri‐implant crestal bone is not known. The objective of this research is to assess the effect of microthreads on the magnitude and direction of the stress at the bone–implant interface using finite element analysis modeling.

Methods: Three‐dimensional finite element models representing the microthreaded implant (microthread model) and smooth surface implant (smooth model) installed in the mandibular premolar region were created based on microscopic and computed tomography images. The mesh size was determined based on convergence tests. Average maximum bite force of adults was used with four loading angles on the occlusal surface of the prosthesis.

Results: Regardless of the loading angle, principal stresses at the bone–implant interface of the microthread model were always perpendicular to the lower flank of each microthread. In the smooth model, stresses were affected by the loading angle and directed obliquely to the smooth interface, resulting in higher shear stress. The interfacial stresses decreased gradually in the apical direction in both models but with wavy pattern in the microthread model and smooth curve for the smooth model. Although peak principal stress values were higher around the microthread implant, peri‐implant bone volume exhibiting a high strain level >4,000 μ was smaller around the microthread implant compared to the smooth implant.

Conclusion: Stress‐transferring mechanism at the bone–implant interface characterized by the direction and profile of interfacial stresses, which leads to more compressive and less shear stress, may clarify the biomechanical aspect of microthread dental implants.
The Effects of Er:YAG Laser Treatment on Titanium Surface Profile and Osteoblastic Cell Activity: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Galli Carlo , Macaluso Guido M. , Elezi Erida , Ravanetti Francesca , Cacchioli Antonio , Gualini Giacomo , Passeri Giovanni
Published: December 2010

Background: Laser light has been proposed as a tool to decontaminate the surface of endosseous implants. The effects of this maneuver on the interactions between cells and surface, however, are poorly known. The goal of the present study is to investigate osteoblast growth and differentiation on three commercially available surfaces untreated or after irradiation by erbium‐doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser at two levels: 150 and 200 mJ/pulse at 10 Hz.

Methods: Human osteoblastic Saos‐2 cells were plated on machined, sandblasted and acid‐etched titanium, or titanium plasma‐sprayed disks. The effects of lasing were observed with a scanning electronic microscope, and cell viability was measured by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Moreover, we measured the production of the osteoblast‐specific protein osteocalcin and of osteoprotegerin in the supernatants by immunoenzymatic assays.

Results: Although no visible changes were observed on machined or titanium plasma‐sprayed disk samples at the tested levels, titanium peaks on sandblasted and acid‐etched titanium disks appeared fused as a consequence of laser irradiation. Interestingly, cell proliferation was slower on irradiated titanium at both intensities on all the surfaces. Cell differentiation, as assessed by osteocalcin production, was generally unaffected by laser treatment, whereas the production of osteoprotegerin was decreased on all the surfaces irradiated at the intensity of 200 mJ/10Hz.

Conclusions: These results indicate that Er:YAG laser at energy levels used in this study can alter the surface profile of titanium implants and these changes may negatively affect the viability and the activity of osteoblastic cells. Therefore, Er:YAG lasers should be used with caution on titanium surfaces.
Chronic Periodontitis and C‐Reactive Protein Levels
Authors: Gomes‐Filho Isaac Suzart , Freitas Coelho Julita Maria , da Cruz Simone Seixas , Passos Johelle Santana , Teixeira de Freitas Camila Oliveira , Aragão Farias Naiara Silva , Amorim da Silva Ruany , Silva Pereira Milena Novais , Lima Thiago Lopes , Barreto Maurício Lima
Published: December 2010

Background: This study aims to analyze the relationship between chronic periodontitis and C‐reactive protein (CRP) by considering associated variables in individuals with or without cardiovascular disease.

Methods: A sample of 359 individuals of both sexes (aged ≥40 years) was assessed. Among these individuals, 144 subjects were admitted to the hospital because of a first occurrence of acute myocardial infarction; 80 subjects were in the hospital for reasons other than acute myocardial infarction; and 135 subjects were living in the community. A questionnaire was applied to obtain demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Complete clinical periodontal examinations and anthropometric assessments were performed. CRP levels, plasma glucose levels, lipid profiles, and blood tests were performed to investigate any conditions that might have suggested infection and/or inflammation. CRP evaluations were performed using nephelometry. Individuals were considered to have periodontal disease if they simultaneously presented at least four teeth with one or more sites with probing depth ≥4 mm, clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm, and bleeding on probing. Procedures for descriptive analyses and logistic regression were used.

Results: In the chronic periodontitis group, mean CRP levels were higher than those in the group without chronic periodontitis (2.6 ± 2.6 mg/L versus 1.78 ± 2.7 mg/L, respectively). The final model showed that individuals with chronic periodontitis were more likely to have high CRP levels (adjusted odds ratio: 2.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.30 to 3.93) considering the effects of age, schooling level, sex, smoking, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diabetes.

Conclusion: In this study, chronic periodontitis is associated with elevated plasma CRP levels, even after controlling for several potential confounders.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐7 Modifies the Effects of Insulin‐Like Growth Factors and Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone (1‐34) on Human Periodontal Ligament Cell Physiology In Vitro
Authors: Lossdörfer Stefan , Abuduwali Nuersailike , Jäger Andreas
Published: December 2010

Background: Components of the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system and intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) were demonstrated to exert anabolic effects on the periodontal ligament (PDL) and, thereby, contribute to the regeneration of structures that were lost because of inflammatory periodontal disease.

Methods: In the present study, a PDL cell culture is created to examine whether a combination of IGFs and intermittent PTH would enhance the cellular response elicited by each factor alone and addressed the question of whether a pretreatment of the cells with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐7 alters the PDL cell phenotype and behavior on IGF‐PTH stimulation.

Results: IGF‐I and IGF‐II enhanced proliferation and differentiation in preconfluent and confluent cultures. A BMP‐7 pretreatment inhibited those effects in preconfluent cells but not in confluent cultures. Intermittent PTH (1‐34) inhibited the proliferation but stimulated the differentiation of preconfluent cells, whereas the opposite effect was observed in confluent cultures. BMP‐7 prestimulation made preconfluent cells respond like confluent cultures on intermittent PTH (1‐34) challenge. A combined administration of PTH (1‐34) and IGF‐I or IGF‐II mostly mirrored the effects seen for one of the individual agents alone, but synergistic effects were not observed.

Conclusions: The present data indicate that both PTH (1‐34) and IGF‐I or IGF‐II exert a maturation stage‐dependent effect on PDL cell proliferation and differentiation. Combining PTH (1‐34) and IGF does not seem to potentiate the effects seen for the agents alone. Furthermore, our data suggest that BMP‐7 induces preconfluent cells to acquire a more differentiated phenotype and to respond to intermittent PTH (1‐34) accordingly. Confluent cultures seem to be less susceptible to BMP‐7.
Is Platelet Concentrate Advantageous for the Surgical Treatment of Periodontal Diseases? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Del Fabbro Massimo , Bortolin Monica , Taschieri Silvio , Weinstein Roberto
Published: December 2010

Background: The aim of the present review is to systematically evaluate the effects of autogenous platelet concentrates on clinical outcomes of the surgical treatment of periodontal diseases.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched using a combination of specific search terms. Furthermore, a hand search of relevant journals and bibliographies of reviews was performed. Only randomized clinical trials were included. For periodontal intrabony defects, the primary outcome variable was the clinical attachment level. For gingival recession, outcome variables were root coverage and keratinized tissue increase. Data were adjusted for baseline values. The methodologic quality of the included studies was assessed. The results of studies in which the only difference between test and control groups was the adjunct of platelet concentrates were aggregated using a meta‐analysis. For intrabony defects, the influences of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and study type (split‐mouth versus parallel studies) were also evaluated.

Results: The initial search yielded 424 studies. Of the 29 eligible studies, 24 studies were included. There were16 studies on the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects, all of which used platelet‐rich plasma (PRP); six studies on gingival recession treatment; and two studies on the treatment of furcation defects. A significant positive effect of the adjunct of PRP was found for intrabony defects. Such an effect was magnified in studies in which GTR was not used, whereas in studies using GTR, the use of PRP had no adjunctive effect. No effect of the study type was found. No significant effect of platelet concentrates was found for gingival recession treatment in which only studies with a follow‐up ≤6 months displayed positive results. No significant benefit of PRP could be demonstrated for furcation treatment.

Conclusions: PRP may exert a positive adjunctive effect when used in combination with graft materials, but not with GTR, for the treatment of intrabony defects. No significant benefit of platelet concentrates was found for the treatment of gingival recession.
Effect of Bisphosphonates on Anodized and Heat‐Treated Titanium Surfaces: An Animal Experimental Study
Authors: Lee Seung‐Jae , Oh Tae‐Ju , Bae Tae‐Sung , Lee Min‐Ho , Soh Yunjo , Kim Byung‐Il , Kim Hyung Seop
Published: December 2010

Background:Recent investigations reported that osseointegration of titanium implants can be significantly reinforced with a nanostructure treated with anodic oxidation and heat treatment. This experimental study investigates the effect of bisphosphonates on the nanotubular implant surface in rats.

Methods:Thirty‐six titanium implants were divided into three groups: 1) machine‐turned (MT), 2) anodized and heat‐treated (AH), and 3) anodized and heat‐ and bisphosphonate‐treated (AHB) groups. The 36 implants were randomly placed in both tibias of 18 male Wistar rats. After 2 and 4 weeks, the levels of osseointegration of the implants were evaluated by a removal torque test and microcomputerized tomography (μCT). Peri‐implant bone tissue on the extracted region was examined for the expression of type I collagen and osteocalcin.

Results:The AHB group showed the highest removal torque at 2 and 4 weeks (13.92 ± 1.51 Ncm and 18.10 ± 2.15 Ncm, respectively) followed, in order, by the AH group (11.63 ± 1.58 Ncm at 2 weeks and 14.80 ± 2.34 Ncm at 4 weeks) and MT group (4.30 ± 0.76 Ncm at 2 weeks and 6.20 ± 1.33 Ncm at 4 weeks) with statistically significant differences between the MT and other two groups at both time points. μCT images also revealed a denser appearance around implants in the AHB group than in the other groups. Levels of type I collagen and osteocalcin expression were similar between the MT and AH groups; however, the values were significantly higher in the AHB group compared to the other groups, which were 220.85% ± 71.09% and 363.04% ± 100.21%, respectively (P<0.05).

Conclusion:Within the limits of this experiment, it was concluded that surface loading with bisphosphonates significantly improved the degree of osseointegration of titanium implants with a nanostructure.
Complexity Scale and Aesthetic Judgments of Color Combinations
Authors: Tsutsui Ako , Ohmi Gentarow
Published: December 2010

The present research constructed a complexity scale of color combinations and examined whether the scale can account for aesthetic judgments. Twenty-eight Japanese undergraduate students rated 96 color combinations on scales of complexity, pleasantness, and interestingness. In two factors of composing color combinations, complexity was defined by both factors of the color relations (similarity or contrast between component colors) and of the number of colors. This confirms that the subjective complexity scale in color combinations is well explained by compositions of these two factors. Pleasantness showed a relationship with complexity suggestive of an inverted-U function in mean ratings; however, the relationship between interestingness and complexity was linear. These relations suggest that the complexity scale is closely related to the aesthetic judgments.
Finding Movies Interesting: How Appraisals and Expertise Influence the Aesthetic Experience of Film
Authors: Silvia Paul J. , Berg Christopher
Published: December 2010

Film and television are major parts of everyday aesthetic experience, but not much is known about viewers' aesthetic experience of motion picture media. We explored how interest and confusion in response to film were predicted by people's cognitive appraisals and level of expertise. People who varied in expertise viewed 10 film clips taken from submissions to a local film festival. For each film, people gave ratings of interest, confusion, and their relevant appraisals. Expertise was measured with a preliminary Aesthetic Fluency in Film scale. Multilevel models showed that appraising a film clip as complex and comprehensible predicted interest, a finding that replicates past interest research. Additionally, appraising a film clip as complex and incomprehensible predicted confusion. Experts in film found the films more interesting and less confusing overall, and their interest was more strongly predicted by complexity.
The Reader in the Text: The Construction of Literary Characters
Authors: Nemesio Aldo , Levorato M. Chiara , Ronconi Lucia
Published: December 2010

When we read the description of a character, we receive explicit information and construct a semantic representation of his/her aspect and personality. This constructive process also involves inferential processes based on the elaboration of explicit information. In this article we examined the first introduction of four female characters in Italian novels. When readers reported information that was not given in the texts, we had evidence of their constructive processes based on their inferences and world knowledge. In our study readers tended to concretize traits that were not explicitly stated in the text, with high values of the Gini index, showing different concretizations in different readers. This tendency was quite pervasive among readers, regardless of gender, academic education and interest in the text read; such constructive process seems to be intrinsic to the act of reading itself.
Pre-treatment of desalination feed seawater by Jordanian Tripoli, Pozzolana, and Feldspar: Batch experiments
Authors: Al-Rawajfeh Aiman , Al-Whoosh Khaldoon , Al Dwairi , Al-Maaberah Ahmad , Tarawneh Amer
Published: December 2010

In this research, composites of layered double hydroxide (LDH) with three
Jordanian natural raw materials; Tripoli (T), Pozzolana (P) and Feldspar (F)
were prepared by co-precipitation and have been used for feed seawater
pre-treatment. The data reveals that percent adsorption decreased with
increase in initial concentration, but the actual amount of adsorbed ions per
unit mass of LDH/T-P-F increased with increase in metal ion concentrations.
The values of ?Go were negative and within 21 to 26 KJ/mol, while the values
of ?Ho and ?So were positive and within the range of 0.1 to 25 KJ/mol. The
values of ?H?, ?S?, and ?G? indicate the favorability of physisorption and
show that the LDH/T-P-F composites have a considerable potential as
adsorbents for the removal of ions from seawater.
An analysis of an assessment model for participation in online forums
Authors: Chin Wee , Abrizah A.
Published: December 2010

Existing online forum software support limited assessment features. This
paper presents an analysis of an assessment model which has been implemented
in online discussion forum software. The assessment model is aimed to
automate the assessment of students' participation in online discussion
forums. The model is formulated based on four different participation
indicators and educators' feedback. The model was tested by a group of
students who used the online forum to complete a project. Pearson
product-moment correlations were calculated using the scores (performance
indicator scores) generated by the model and the actual scores given by five
educators. The performance indicator scores generated using the assessment
formula was highly correlated with the actual grades assigned by the
educators. The results suggest that the assessment model is reliable and can
be used to evaluate students' participation in online discussion forums.
Benzene air pollution measuring in the city of Pancevo
Authors: Ugrinov Dragan , Stojanov Aleksander
Published: December 2010

The city of Pancevo is located at the confluence of the Tamis and Danube
rivers, 8 km from the country?s capital Belgrade. The basic pollution sources
are HIP Petrohemija (Oil industry) and NIS Rafinerija nafte (Oil refinery)
which are located south from the city. The measurements of air pollution were
done according to the standard methods defined by the regulations of
monitoring conditions and air quality requirements, as well as by the
procedures for measuring benzene concentration (taking samples with the pump,
thermal desorption and gas chromatography). Pancevo has the elaborate system
of the measuring points as part of the local system of urban stations for
measuring basic and specific polluters. Using this system the measurements
were carried out during the course of 24 hours every day in the year 2009 at
two measuring points named ?Vatrogasni dom? and ?Zavod?. By analyzing the
obtained results, average yearly concentration is lower at ?Vatrogasni dom?
measuring point (2,8g/m3) then at ?Zavod? (4,1g/m3). The results that
obtained at both measuring points did not exceed the allowed limited value of
5 g/m3.
The effect of iron nanocrystallites’ size in catalysts for ammonia synthesis on nitriding reaction and catalytic ammonia decomposition
Authors: Pelka Rafał , Kiełbasa Karolina , Arabczyk Walerian
Published: December 2010

Iron catalyst for ammonia synthesis of various mean sizes of iron nanocrystallites were nitrided with ammonia in a differential reactor equipped with systems that made it possible to conduct both thermogravimetric measurements and hydrogen concentration analyses in the reacting gas mixture. The nitriding process was investigated under atmospheric pressure at the temperature of 475°C. It was found that along with an increase of mean size of iron nanocrystallites, with a decrease of specific surface area of the samples, nitriding degree of solid samples increased. At the same time the rate of surface reaction of catalytic ammonia decomposition decreased. Along with an increase of the samples’ specific surface area an increase of the catalyst’s activity was observed. However, it was also observed that the concentration of active sites on the catalysts’ surface decreased along with an increase of specific surface area.
Metric subregularity of order q and the solving of inclusions
Authors: Gaydu Michaël , Geoffroy Michel , Jean-Alexis Célia
Published: December 2010

We consider some metric regularity properties of order q for set-valued mappings and we establish several characterizations of these concepts in terms of Hölder-like properties of the inverses of the mappings considered. In addition, we show that even if these properties are weaker than the classical notions of regularity for set-valued maps, they allow us to solve variational inclusions under mild assumptions.
The group Sp10(ℤ) is (2,3)-generated
Authors: Vasilyev Vadim , Vsemirnov Maxim
Published: December 2010

It is proved that the group Sp10(ℤ) is generated by an involution and an element of order 3.
Positive characteristic analogs of closed polynomials
Authors: Jędrzejewicz Piotr
Published: December 2010

The notion of a closed polynomial over a field of zero characteristic was introduced by Nowicki and Nagata. In this paper we discuss possible ways to define an analog of this notion over fields of positive characteristic. We are mostly interested in conditions of maximality of the algebra generated by a polynomial in a respective family of rings. We also present a modification of the condition of integral closure and discuss a condition involving partial derivatives.
Effective electromagnetic lagrangian at finite temperature and density in the electroweak model
Authors: Erdas Andrea
Published: December 2010

Using the exact propagators in a constant magnetic field, the effective electromagnetic lagrangian at finite temperature and density is calculated to all orders in the field strength B within the framework of the complete electroweak model, in the weak coupling limit. The partition function and free energy are obtained explicitly and the finite temperature effective coupling is derived in closed form. Some implications of this result, potentially interesting to astrophysics and cosmology, are discussed.
Insight into the degradation of a manganese(III)-citrate complex in aqueous solutions
Authors: Topolski Adrian
Published: December 2010

Kinetics of the electron transfer process between citrates and manganese(III) ions has been studied in acidic aqueous solutions. Acidification of the reaction mixture increased the reaction rate. The reaction is dependent on pH because there are two main protolytic forms of the Mn(III)-citrate complex in the studied pH range (4.5–6.5). Reduction potentials of Mn(III)/Mn(II) system in acidic and basic solutions as well as protolytic equilibria play a crucial role in understanding the pH profile of the studied system. The rate constants for Mn(III)citH and Mn(III)citH2+ species degradation processes are presented (citH3− and citH22− are trivalent and divalent anions of citric acid, citH4, respectively). Protolytic constant (expressed as pK′a) for Mn(III)citH protonation is estimated and discussed.
An expeditious, environment-friendly, and microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-isatinylidenerhodanine derivatives
Authors: Safer Abdelmounaim , Rahmouni Mustapha , Carreaux François , Paquin Ludovic , Lozach Olivier , Meijer Laurent , Bazureau Jean
Published: December 2010

A series of nine 5-arylidenerhodanine derivatives was prepared in good yields and purity without the use of a solvent or catalyst under microwave-assisted condensation with some substituted isatins. All 5-arylidenerhodanines were evaluated as possible inhibitors of the CK1α/β, CDK5/p25, and GSK-3α/β kinases. None of them showed substantive inhibitory activity against these kinases when evaluated at the concentration of 10 μM.
Influence of the solvent donor number on the O/W partition ratio of Cu(II) complexes of 1,2-dialkylimidazoles
Authors: Radzyminska-Lenarcik Elzbieta
Published: December 2010

Extraction experiments are presented dealing with the partition of Cu(II) complexes of 1-alkyl-2-methylimidazoles, 1-alkyl-2-ethylimidazoles, 1-alkyl-2-propylimidazoles, 1-alkyl-2-butylimidazoles, and 1-alkyl-2-pentylimidazoles (where alkyl = ethyl, butyl, hexyl) between water and an immiscible organic solvent (chloroform, methylene chloride, 2-ethylhexanol, isoamyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, methyl propyl ketone, and toluene). It has been shown that the partition ratios of Cu(II) complexes are dependent on the donor number (DN) of the solvent and the partition ratios increase distinctly with their increase in DN.
Quaternary phosphonium salts as effective extractants of zinc(II) and iron(III) ions from acidic pickling solutions
Authors: Marszałkowska Barbara , Regel-Rosocka Magdalena , Nowak Łukasz , Wiśniewski Maciej
Published: December 2010

Quaternary phosphonium salts as effective extractants of zinc(II) and iron(III) ions from acidic pickling solutions

Extraction of zinc(II) and iron(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions using quaternary phosphonium salts, Cyphos® IL 101, Cyphos® IL 104, Cyphos® IL109 and Cyphos® IL 111 in mixtures with toluene, was studied. Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos® IL 101) and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (Cyphos® IL 104) showed the best zinc(II) and iron(III) extraction abilities. After three stages of zinc(II) extraction with Cyphos® IL 101 and Cyphos® IL 104 the efficiencies were 100 and 93.6%, respectively. Total iron(III) transport to the organic phase was achieved after two separation stages and amounted to 82.1 and 100% for Cyphos® IL 101 and Cyphos® IL 104, respectively. Zinc(II) and iron(III) could be effectively stripped from the loaded organic phases with 0.5 mol dm-3 sulfuric acid. The more hydrophobic the character of the anion type of phosphonium salts, the lower the efficiency of extraction.