bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FINTECH MARKET IN UKRAINE: FEATURES, WAYS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Zhytar Maksym
Published: January 2025

The article presents a study of the peculiar  properties, ways and prospects of the development of the Fintech market in Ukraine. The main factors that have distinguished the financial sector of Ukraine over the past five years are highlighted, including the expansion of digitization processes on the international level; the consequences of the global economic crisis that began in 2008; increased competition in financial markets; striving for innovation and high requirements for ease of use, quality and speed of receiving information; quarantine restrictions related to the spread of COVID-19. The main trends of the financial technology market, such as mobile phone services, financial services and social networks, alternative types of payments, marketplaces, new business models, use of artificial intelligence in the financial sphere, digital identification and biometrics were studied. The main advantages and disadvantages of using Fintech are proposed. The main advantages include efficiency and speed, availability, new financial products as well as convenience. Disadvantages may incorporate cyber security, unequal access, privacy issues and regulatory aspects. It was concluded that a number of ways and perspectives can contribute to its development, namely: regulatory reforms, cooperation with the government and the banking sector, security and data protection, implementation of blockchain and cyber protection technologies to ensure security in financial transactions, improvement of technological infrastructure; financing and investments, information literacy and enlightenment. It has been proven that Fintech companies actively use technological innovations to improve financial services and compete in the ever-growing global market at both the global and national levels. Ukraine focuses on the formation of a digital economy and society, where the development of the Fintech market requires the use of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI). Ukrainian Fintech is focused on expanding the use of blockchain to track cash flows, payments and financial services as well as identity management, contracting and customer dispute resolution. It is also important to adapt artificial intelligence technologies for effective cost management and optimization of business processes for domestic enterprises, which will increase their competitiveness in the EU markets.
АНАЛІЗ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ ОПЕРАЦІЙ ЗЛИТТЯ ТА ПОГЛИНАННЯ КОМПАНІЙ У МІЖНАРОДНОМУ БІЗНЕСІ ЗА ОБСЯГАМИ ВАРТОСТІ УГОД
Authors: Loiko Valeriia , Bondarchuk Volodymir
Published: January 2025

Стаття присвячена дослідженню питання аналізу сучасних тенденцій злиття та поглинання компаній у міжнародному бізнесі за обсягами угод. Виявлено тенденцію зростання кількості угод злиття та поглинання компаній у міжнародному бізнесі: з період 1985–2023 рр. кількість угод зросло у 13 разів і досягло у 2023 р. 40 тис. угод. Спостерігається загальна тенденція до зростання вартості угод злиття та поглинання компаній у міжнародному бізнесі, проте загальна вартість всіх угод злиття та поглинання кожного року різна. Визначені точки екстремуму: мінімальні та максимальні значення вартості угод за період 2003–2023 рр. Мінімальна загальна вартість угод злиття та поглинання у міжнародному бізнесі за період 2003–2023 рр. наступна: перший мінімум у 2003 р. — 1411 млрд. долл. США, другий мінімум у 2009 р. — 2187 млрд. долл. США, третій мінімум у 2023 р. — 2495 млрд. долл. США. Максимальна загальна вартість угод злиття та поглинання у міжнародному бізнесі за період 2003–2023 рр. наступна: перший максимум у 2007 р. — 4920 млрд. долл. США, другий максимум у 2015 р. — 4779 млрд. долл. США, третій максимум у 2021 р. — 5236 млрд. долл. США. Аналіз динаміки кількості угод злиття і поглинань компаній у міжнародному бізнесі вартістю до 1 млрд долл. США показав загальну тенденцію до зростання, проте, починаючи з 2021 р. кількість таких угод зменшилась. За результатами проведено аналізу визначено наступні тенденції: зростання середньої вартості угоди злиття та поглинання компаній у міжнародному бізнесі вартістю більше 1 млрд долл. США кожна за період 1985–2023 рр. до 3,9 млрд долл. США у 2023 р. та зниження середньої вартості угоди злиття та поглинання компаній у міжнародному бізнесі вартістю до 1 млрд долл. США кожна за період 1985–2023 рр. до 24 млн. долл. США у 2023 р. Виявлено тенденцію зростання вартості кожної угоди вартістю більше 1 млрд долл. США, що склало у 2022 р. 61,7 % від вартості всіх угод злиття і поглинання компаній на міжнародному ринку.
ПРАЦЕВЛАШТУВАННЯ ВЕТЕРАНІВ — СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ КОЖНОГО (ДЕРЖАВИ, БІЗНЕСУ ТА ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА)
Authors: Hrashchenko Iryna
Published: January 2025

У статті висвітлено актуальність проблеми працевлаштування ветеранів в умовах сучасної України, зокрема після початку війни з Росією. Стаття є ґрунтовним аналізом проблеми працевлаштування ветеранів в Україні, поєднуючи теоретичний підхід із практичними рекомендаціями. Вона охоплює ключові аспекти теми, включаючи соціальну відповідальність різних суб’єктів, бар’єри працевлаштування та міжнародний досвід, що дозволяє сформувати цілісне уявлення про проблему. Автор наголошує на важливості інтеграції ветеранів у суспільство через трудову діяльність як ключового аспекту соціальної відповідальності держави, бізнесу та громадянського суспільства. Розглянуто виклики, пов’язані з дискримінацією ветеранів, бар’єрами психологічної та фізичної адаптації, а також недостатністю державної підтримки. Мета дослідження полягає у розробці науково обґрунтованих рекомендацій щодо вдосконалення механізмів працевлаштування ветеранів. Серед завдань: дослідження міжнародного досвіду, оцінка ролі бізнесу та соціальних аспектів, розробка моделей співпраці і стимулів для роботодавців. Автор наводить приклади програм підтримки ветеранів у країнах НАТО, включаючи навчальні та психологічні ініціативи, фінансові стимули для роботодавців і розвиток соціального підприємництва. Автором пропонується багаторівневий механізм, що поєднує зусилля держави, бізнесу та громадських організацій Запровадження механізм забезпечення працевлаштування ветеранів в Україні, що призведе до зменшення соціальної напруги. Також в статті наведено напрямки реалізації інструментарію грантового забезпечення працевлаштування ветеранів. У висновках наголошується на необхідності системного підходу та тісної взаємодії держави, бізнесу і громадськості задля успішної інтеграції ветеранів у економічне життя країни.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ФОРМ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЇ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗАХИСТУ ТРУДОВИХ ПРАВ СУДДІВ
Authors: Акуленко В. В.
Published: January 2025

Актуальність статті полягає в тому, що забезпечення захисту трудових прав суддів обумовлює необхідність застосування диференційованого підходу до правового регулювання відповідних суспільних відносин. В свою чергу, диференціація полягає у встановленні через спеціальні нормативно-правові акти відмінного підходу щодо правового регулювання захисту трудових прав суддів з метою врахування специфіки їх трудової діяльності, як особливої категорії працівників, зокрема щодо: виникнення, зміни, припинення трудових правовідносин; оплати праці; соціального забезпечення; робочого часу та часу відпочинку, тощо. А відтак, значення диференціації правового регулювання захисту трудових прав суддів полягає у тому, щоб забезпечити суддям спеціальні умови праці та правовий захист, враховуючи їхню незалежність, високу відповідальність та особливості виконання функцій правосуддя. Диференціація також передбачає встановлення спеціальних гарантій щодо незалежності суддів від впливу з боку інших гілок влади або осіб, що можуть бути зацікавлені у впливі на судовий процес. Разом із тим, необхідно зауважити, диференціація правового регулювання захисту трудових прав працівників – це перш за все, особливого роду діяльність, яка виражається у відповідних формах, дослідженню яких і буде присвячено дану статтю. У статті акцентовано увагу на тому, що диференціація правового регулювання захисту трудових прав працівників – це перш за все, особливого роду діяльність, яка виражається у відповідних формах. Здійснено аналіз наукових поглядів вчених щодо тлумачення поняття «форми забезпечення диференціації правового регулювання захисту трудових прав суддів». Запропоновано авторське бачення щодо відповідних форм та надано їм змістовну характеристику. З’ясовано, що підзаконна нормотворчість як форма забезпечення диференціації правового регулювання захисту трудових прав суддів, представляє собою процес прийняття нормативно-правових актів на рівні нижчому за законодавчий, але в межах повноважень, наданих законом спеціальним органам виконавчої влади. Ці норми деталізують, роз'яснюють та забезпечують виконання законів та можуть бути різного виду: постанови, розпорядження, інструкції, правила, накази тощо. А відтак, значення підзаконної нормотворчості полягає у тому, що вона дозволяє докладніше врегулювати певні аспекти праці суддів взагалі, а також захисту їх прав, зокрема.
Identifying Factors Motivating Users to Post Reviews on Online Travel Review Platforms: A Factor Analysis Study
Authors: Sharma Animesh Kumar , Sharma Rahul
Published: January 2025

This research paper aims to identify the factors motivating users to post reviews on online travel review platforms (OTRPs). A non-probabilistic sampling technique, purposive sampling, was employed for data collection. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on a dataset of 1,313 observations. This study highlights several pivotal factors encouraging users to engage in this review-sharing phenomenon. Three key factors, social recognition and connection, enhancing travel experiences, and social validation, were identified as motivating users to write online reviews. Among these, the innate desire for social connection, the building of social capital, and the inclination to offer peer support emerge as the predominant motivations driving users' intentions to create travel-related reviews on online platforms. By analyzing the complex interplay of psychological, social, and support-based incentives, this study not only contributes to adds body knowledge to the literature of motivation theories but also offers practical guidance to online travel agencies (OTAs) managers in their pursuit of providing exceptional customer experiences and marketing strategies in an era of expanding online travel. This study assists OTAs in understanding customer experiences, tailoring services to meet travelers' expectations, and delivering enriching customer interactions.
Complement and Substitution Effects of Internal Migration on Foundational Competitiveness in Mexico
Authors: Fernández Domínguez Amilcar Orlian , Demmler Michael
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes how internal migration among Mexican states relates to their competitiveness level. The methodology employs longitudinal panel data from 2010 to 2020 to assess how migration influences a state's foundational competitiveness. The study's main results are as follows: First of all, the foundational competitiveness of Mexican states, on average, increased in 2015. However, despite this increase, competitiveness in 2020 was below the 2010 level, showing a general decline experienced in the most recent years of the study sample. Secondly, the econometric results of the present study suggest that greater involvement of a highly educated migrant labor force positively affects foundational competitiveness. Furthermore, findings imply that an influx of working-age migrants may potentially contribute to the economic competitiveness of the destination state depending on differences in education levels of migrants and natives, i.e., whether immigrant human capital complements or substitutes that of the native population.
Empirical Study of Social Media Marketing's Impact on Brand Image and Loyalty in Retail, Muscat
Authors: Irfan Rais Mohd
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explore SMM's influence on brand image and loyalty in the retail industry of Muscat. The study employs the quantitative method as it ensures valid and reliable results. The data for the analysis were collected from 150 employees in the retail sector through structured survey questionnaires. The data is analyzed using the SPSS tool through statistical approaches such as ANOVA, Correlation, and Regression. The findings of this research will illuminate the significance of SMM and identify factors that encourage SMM in the retail sector. The outcomes provide valuable insights into SMM initiatives that aid in increasing Muscat's brand reputation and image in the retail industry. This study's implications will benefit retail organizations in attaining a competitive advantage in the market.
Consumer Happiness in the Purchase of Electric Vehicles: a Fuzzy Logic Model
Authors: Lámbarry-Vilchis Fernando , Barsekh Onji Aboud , Chavarría López Leticia Refugio , Maldonado Colín Paola Judith
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes customer happiness in acquiring an electric vehicle, considering pleasure as an ambiguous language term that conventional models have inadequately incorporated. This research was conducted using a fuzzy Delphi method survey targeting a specific consumer group and two fuzzy inference systems: a multi-input single-output FIS model and an FIS Tree employing a hierarchical fuzzy inference structure, which leverages the survey's training data to optimize the models using different machine learning algorithms. The FIS tree model demonstrated superior efficacy in predicting the consumer satisfaction index, achieving an average forecast error of 0.65%. This approach could assist automobile agency marketers in creating accurate predictions to evaluate the purchasing decision-making process.
Evaluation of Companies: Theories, Process and Methods
Authors: Gaytán Cortés Juan
Published: January 2025

Business evaluation is the systematic process of analyzing and assessing the performance of an entity, whether it is a company, organization, or project, about specific previously established objectives. This analysis can be performed at any stage of the business life cycle and covers financial, operational, and strategic aspects.
Collaborative Efforts of Parents and Teachers on Literacy Instructionn of the Kindergarten Learners
Authors: Ramil P. Manguilimotan  , Manuelito M. Patatag  , Carmel Fatima L. Rica  , Ligaya M. Sioc  , Gengen G. Padillo
Published: January 2025

This research assessed the collaborative effort of teachers and parents on the literacy instruction of kindergarten learners at the identified schools of the Aloguinsa District in the Division of Cebu Province for the School Year 2022-2023 as the basis for a Literacy Skills Enhancement Plan. It utilized a descriptive-correlation research design to determine the extent of collaboration among respondent groups on the literacy instruction of kindergarten learners. Respondents were selected using a universal sampling technique. Gathered data were treated using frequency, percentage, standard deviation, weighted mean, Likert scale, and Spearman Rho. The findings revealed that most parent-respondents were female, whose age bracket was 29-36 years old, were high school graduates, had one or two children, and earned 10,000 pesos and below. On the other hand, teacher-respondents were primarily females with masteral units, ranked teacher 1, and had six to 10 years in service. Furthermore, results indicated that the respondent groups always collaborated on the literacy instruction of the kindergarten learners. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in the extent of collaboration among the respondent groups in literacy instruction of kindergarten learners. It is recommended that the literacy skills enhancement plan be adopted.
Genetic Diversity of the Mango Plant Based on Rapd Marks: Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA
Authors: Maulana Zulkifli , Muhammad Arief Nasution  , Andi Muhibuddin  , Rachmawaty  , Haeruddin Saleh
Published: January 2025

Mangosteen is a tropical fruit commodity that is Indonesia's leading export. The location and characterization of mangosteen germplasm and protective relatives are key in the conservation and use of genetic and mangosteen resources. Genetic improvement programs rely heavily on existing genetic resources. This research aims to analyze the genetic diversity of mangosteen plants based on RAPD markers. This research was carried out in Bulukumba Regency through genotypic observation and evaluation in the laboratory, as well as genetic observation through DNA band pattern analysis using the RAPD technique in the laboratory. The results of this research obtained information on phenotypic and genetic diversity, as well as obtaining superior candidate parents for mangosteen, obtaining information about the consistency of genetic variability between parent and progeny of Bulukumba mangosteen, recommending the most effective mangosteen characterization method in describing genetic variability and grouping mangosteen accessions and relatives involved.
Gut Microbiome and Microglial Interactions in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Vemulapalli Sindhu
Published: January 2025

The gut microbiome is a diverse ecosystem of trillions of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. The microbiome has been an area of growing interest as new methods, such as sequencing and culturing techniques, have developed, shedding light on the extensive effects the gut microbiome has on various other body systems. This review focuses on the neurological system and the communication pathways between the gut and brain via the gut-brain axis. Because of the gut-brain axis, a healthy gut environment fosters increased healthiness of the brain, but when the microbiome is imbalanced - a condition called dysbiosis - brain health suffers. When dysbiosis occurs, several negative ramifications occur in various parts of the body. In the brain, microglia cells (innate immune response cells) can express a different phenotype and may be overactivated, resulting in the initiation of proinflammatory pathways. Inflammation in the brain, or neuroinflammation, is a characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Complex interactions between the gut microbiome and microglia exist, including how gut-derived metabolites such as trimethylamine oxide and short-chain fatty acids increase microglial activation and neuroinflammation. However, therapeutic approaches targeting microglia and the gut-brain axis through tryptophan metabolites and bile salts mitigate neuroinflammation. Understanding these mechanisms opens potential avenues for reducing neuroinflammation and treating neurodegenerative diseases through the gut microbiome and microglia relationship.
Vitamin D Supplements Overdose Toxicity: A Review Article
Authors: Abbas Zainab Abdul Kareem , Zahraa Ch. Hameed  , Sarah Alwan Malik Al-Yasiri
Published: January 2025

Hypervitaminosis D, also known as vitamin D toxicity, is an uncommon but serious condition that occurs when the concentration of vitamin D is much higher than the body needs due to taking large doses of its supplements instead of the diet or even exposure to sunlight. The body regulates the amount of vitamin D entering it as a result of exposure to sunlight. one of serious consequences of vitamin D toxicity is accumulation of calcium in the body, which causes symptoms of nausea, vomiting, weakness, & frequent urination due to (hypercalciuria). These symptoms may develop to extend to bone pain & kidney problems such as calcium stones. This condition is treated by stopping taking the vitamin and reducing foods that contain a lot of calcium, as appropriate treatments are prescribed by the doctor and are given in the form of intravenous fluids & medications such as Corticosteroids or Bisphosphonates.     When taking (60,000) IU of vitamin D daily for several months it is considered toxic because this level is much higher than the permissible and recommended limit by Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), which is 600 international units of vitamin D daily. In certain cases, higher doses than permitted are used to treating some medical conditions, such as severe vitamin D deficiency, but they must be taken under the supervision of a doctor and at a specific time, while monitoring calcium levels.
Exploring Afghanistan's Prospective Role in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Authors: Asadullah Aria  , Saifullah Ziaee  , Zabihullah Quraishi
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the prospects of Afghanistan's presence in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Given the increasing importance of this organization in regional and global dynamics, Afghanistan's effective involvement could play a key role in shaping regional economic, security, and political interactions. This research employs qualitative methods and the Delphi strategy to gather and analyze the views of experts and specialists in international politics, regional security, and economics. Data analysis was conducted using the grounded theory method in NVivo software, and the results, based on the Kendall formula, indicate a consensus among experts regarding the significance and challenges of Afghanistan's participation. The research findings suggest that Afghanistan, due to its geostrategic position, rich natural resources, and potential capacities, can serve as a bridge between Central, South, and West Asian countries, thereby strengthening economic and security cooperation within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. However, challenges such as internal instability, economic dependency, and geopolitical pressures from foreign powers pose serious obstacles to Afghanistan's active participation in the organization. According to content analysis, there is a consensus among experts that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, if it enhances its support mechanisms, can provide a suitable platform for bolstering stability and development in Afghanistan. This endeavor requires multilateral cooperation and sustained support from the key members of the organization. The findings of this research can significantly assist policymakers and decision-makers in formulating effective strategies to enhance Afghanistan's role in this organization.
ChatGPT Application in ELT: the International Context, the Moroccan Context, and Future Prospects
Authors: Ouahani Nasr-edine , Mahraj Mohsine
Published: January 2025

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational contexts has gained momentum in the recent few years. Large language models produced by generative AI have permeated language teaching and learning practices. Substantial scholarly research has investigated and documented the various pedagogical benefits as well as the different challenges posed by ChatGPT when integrated into English Language Teaching (ELT). However, there is a scarcity of research in this area as far as Morocco is concerned. Following, the aim of this research paper is threefold: first, to examine the incorporation of ChatGPT into ELT within the international context; second, to explore current ChatGPT-based ELT practice in the Moroccan context; and third, to juxtapose Moroccan studies with international literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the unique challenges and opportunities within the Moroccan context. Additionally, this study outlines the challenges, delineates ethical concerns, and advances future prospects for the use of ChatGPT in ELT in general. The researchers hope that this study will benefit ELT practitioners and stakeholders alike.
EFL Lexical Knowledge Depth: Proficiency Level and Order of Acquisition Parameters
Authors: Soussi Khalid
Published: January 2025

The study at hand attempts to trace the development of three EFL lexical knowledge depth aspects - meaning, synonymy and collocation- across three academic levels- high school, second and fourth-year university. It aims to trace any possible “order of development” for the three linguistic knowledge aspects. The second objective of the study is to determine whether proficiency level affects the development of the three lexical knowledge aspects. The linguistic tasks used for data collection are translation, acceptability judgment and multiple choice. The study has found that the connectivity between L1 and EFL mental lexicons affects the three lexical knowledge aspects and tends to decrease relatively as the academic level of the learners increases. Second, the research has revealed a noticeable “order” of acquisition between the three lexical aspects, though not a very strong one. Such findings are of pivotal importance for materials and syllabus designers as well as for L2/FL teachers.
COMMUNICATION MODELS IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors: Umehai Michael Chukwuemeka , Eromedoghene Ezekiel Ovoh , Amafade Ughwe Goodluck , Ebewore Solomon Okeoghene
Published: January 2025

This paper reviewed suitable communication models that bring about the changes in farmers’ behavior and farming practices for increase in the social economic status and livelihoods of farm families. The main focus of agricultural extension includes transferring knowledge from researchers, advising farmers on decision-making and educating farm families on how to make accurate decisions which will enable them clarify goals and stimulate desirable agricultural development. Disseminating innovations and technologies through extension education using various communication models involves agricultural and non-agricultural issues in the immediate environment and so the wellbeing of inhabitants in a particular area should be considered when using communication models. Advantages and disadvantages of these models are highlighted to show the relevance of communication models in agricultural extension and advisory services. The study highlights the implications of communication models in communicating agricultural and non-agricultural issues to farmers which is pertinent to agricultural productivity. It is recommended that competent extension agents properly trained in Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) extension approaches and the appropriate communication models educate farmers. Extension agents should also work with more contact farmers in various communities to have result oriented extension service delivery in Nigeria.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES IN FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT: SOURCES, FATE, ECOLOGICAL IMPACT AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Authors: Ndukwe N. N. , Ibrahim H. I.
Published: January 2025

Global public health is seriously threatened by antibiotic resistance, making the identification of environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) a crucial area of study. Freshwater ecosystems are particularly important for the spread of ARGs because of the intricate interactions between diverse microbial populations, human activities, and various antibiotic contamination sources. This review aims to offer a thorough understanding of the origin, progression, environmental impact, and medical significance of ARGs in freshwater environment. ARGs enter freshwater systems through various means, including the release of treated and untreated wastewater, agricultural drainage, and discharge of antibiotics and their byproducts. Once introduced, ARGs can endure freshwater environments through processes, such as horizontal gene transfer, co-selection, and biofilm formation. Moreover, the presence of ARGs in freshwater ecosystems has significant ecological consequences, affecting microbial diversity, ecosystem functions, and biogeochemical processes. The clinical relevance of ARGs in freshwater environments is a matter of concern. These genes can be transmitted to disease-causing bacteria, resulting in treatment failure and proliferation of infections that are resistant to multiple drugs. Additionally, the potential for ARGs to contaminate drinking water supplies raises concerns regarding human health. To develop effective strategies for combating the proliferation of antibiotic resistance, it is crucial to understand the behavior of ARGs in freshwater ecosystems. This review emphasizes the necessity of enhanced wastewater treatment technologies, responsible antibiotic usage, and sustainable farming practices to decrease the release and persistence of ARGs in freshwater ecosystems, ultimately protecting public health and maintaining the ecological balance of these vital habitats.
Improving firm value: The role of profitability-liquidity trade-off
Authors: Ichwanudin Wawan , Mulyani Ana Susi , Nufus Hayati , Anwar Cep Jandi
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to investigate the firm value associated with profitability and liquidity trade-off. This study is different from previous studies that focus on the trade-off between liquidity and profitability, as well as the relationship between liquidity and profitability, partially with firm value. This study examines the liquidity and profitability trade-off and is associated with firm value in one model by adding the role of sales growth to the liquidity and profitability trade-off. The data used is data from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with an observation period from 2016 to 2023. The results showed that liquidity has a partial and negative impact on profitability, profitability has a positive impact on firm value, increased sales moderate the trade-off of profitability and profitability, and profitability mediates liquidity on firm value when the liquidity and profitability trade-off is moderated by sales growth. The practical implications of this study are that in making decisions regarding liquidity, sales growth is an important aspect to consider; increasing company productivity, as indicated by sales growth, is an ideal condition to increase liquidity, which means the company uses internal funding rather than external funding, which is difficult to obtain and costly, so that profitability increases and company value will increase.
Extending the economic framework to model correlations between PD, LGD, and EAD
Authors: Basson LJ , Ogilvie Darryn , Vuuren Gary van
Published: January 2025

This study examines the extension of the economic framework to correlations between PD, LGD, and EAD. We build on a framework that has already been used to figure out and adjust the relationships between loan portfolios’ Probability of Default (PD), Loss Given Default (LGD), and Exposure at Default (EAD). Our analysis explores the implications of incorporating these correlations in portfolio losses, arguing that this structure enables institutions to apply forward-looking correlation models to assess the likelihood of obligor credit quality deterioration, commonly referred to as a significant increase in credit risk (SICR). According to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)-9 regulations, the estimation of SICR and forward-looking information should not entail excessive cost or effort. In line with this principle, we contend that only a limited number of inputs are necessary to implement this robust framework, which allows users to evaluate meaningful forward-looking correlations, identify obligors likely to experience SICR, and ultimately measure a more accurate Expected Credit Loss (ECL). The adoption of this approach will allow institutions to better understand their credit risk and better assess their credit risk practices while adhering to regulatory requirements.
How funding liquidity influences bank lending: Empirical evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Minh Nhat , Nguyen Thi Minh Trang , Tran Thi Phuong Anh
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the impact of funding liquidity on bank lending at 26 Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2003–2023. Our paper uses panel data regression methods combined with endogeneity tests and robustness tests to produce consistent research results. The econometric methods used in the paper include multiple fixed-effects regression, the generalized method of moments (GMM), Prais-Winsten regression, Newey-West regression, and two-way clustering regression. Accordingly, the empirical results indicate that funding liquidity has a negative impact on Vietnamese commercial banks' loan growth. In particular, the results from the quantile regression model show that the negative impact of funding liquidity on bank lending becomes stronger for banks with higher loan growth. Furthermore, factors such as bank size, capitalization, and the cost-to-income ratio also have a negative impact on bank lending, whereas income diversification enhances banks' capacity to provide loans. Based on empirical research, this article also proposes some solutions to help Vietnamese commercial banks lend more safely and effectively, including: (i) improving funding liquidity management strategies to minimize negative impacts on lending activities; (ii) encouraging banks to diversify their income rather than relying solely on credit activities; (iii) enhancing banks' ability to manage costs and control their size. Investors, managers, and policymakers can all benefit from our conclusions and ramifications.
Effect of 5E guided inquiry, team teaching, and lecture method on physics students academic achievement in secondary schools in Delta State
Authors: Ebokaiwe Nkechi T , Ajaja O P , Kpangban E
Published: January 2025

The present study investigated the effect of 5E-guided inquiry, team teaching, and lecture methods on the academic achievement of physics students in Delta State secondary schools. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of 5E-guided inquiry, team teaching, and lecture methods on physics students’ academic achievement. The study used the quasi-experimental non-randomized pre-test, post-test, and planned variation group design. A total of three hundred and twenty-six (326) physics students from nine secondary schools were recruited and sampled in the present study. The study population was thirty-one thousand seven hundred and eleven (31, 711) students consisting of mixed (boys and girls) public school Physics students in Delta State. The Physics Achievement Test (PAT) was administered and used for data collection. Collected data were analyzed using a Paired sample t-test and (ANCOVA). The result showed that there was a significant effect of 5E-guided inquiry, team teaching, and lecture methods on physics students’ academic achievement. There is a significant effect of interaction between sex and method on the academic achievement of physics students. Students taught with team teaching method achieved significantly better than students taught with 5E guided inquiry and lecture method. The practical implication infers that teachers should expose physics students to the team-teaching method to promote effective and active learning among students.
Patterns of Non-Communicable Disease Comorbidities among Older Persons in Bangladesh
Authors: Faysal Md Mahir , Sultan Shafayat , Alam Md Zakiul , Hossain Mohammad Bellal
Published: January 2025

Comorbidity among older adults is a significant public health concern in Bangladesh. This study investigated the patterns and correlates of non- communicable disease comorbidities among older persons in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional study carried out in Dhaka and Chittagong divisions among people aged 60 years and above who suffered from any non-communicable disease in the past three months of the survey. Data was collected from 474 respondents. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and independent sample t- tests were used to explore the non-communicable disease comorbidities among respondents. The findings showed that the majority of the respondents were suffering from diabetes (39.2 percent), arthritis (38 percent), high blood pressure (34.6 percent), ulcer (26.4 percent), asthma (20.9 percent), and kidney diseases (20.3 percent) and were significantly suffering from several comorbidities like arthritis and ulcer (16.5 percent), arthritis and high blood pressure (15.6 percent), high blood pressure and diabetes (24.5 percent), and diabetes and asthma (11.8 percent) at the same time. Results showed that comorbidity of high blood pressure and diabetes was higher among the 60-70 age group, comorbidity of arthritis and ulcer was higher among rural respondents, comorbidity of diabetes and asthma was higher among males, comorbidity of arthritis and ulcer was higher among educated respondents, and comorbidity of high blood pressure and diabetes was higher among those who had a monthly income source. The study suggests that the government should improve primary healthcare by integrating non-communicable disease-related services and developing physical and human resources, focusing on promoting healthy lifestyles among older persons.
Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 1-16.
Practice of Assessment for Learning in Higher Education of Bangladesh
Authors: Al Mamun Md Abdullah , Ahsan Sumera , Islam Md Khairul
Published: January 2025

Because of its promising role in facilitating students’ learning, Assessment for Learning (AfL) has been discussed widely in literature. However, its implementation is neither straightforward nor uncontested. While a great deal of research has been conducted on AfL in primary and secondary education, limited research has been done in higher education in Bangladesh. Using basic interpretive qualitative approach, this study investigated assessment practices of three lecturers (university teachers) from three different departments and institutes of one public university of Bangladesh. Data from classroom (lesson) observation, semi-structured interviews with teachers, and Focus Group Discussions with students were thematically analyzed. Findings show that, though the teachers had scope to tailor assessment and though some aspects of AfL were reflected in classroom activities, the assessment strategies were not meaningfully translated into a holistic approach of AfL. The assessment practices were more concerned with measuring and monitoring classroom activities than promoting students' learning, which is the main goal of AfL. The lack of curriculum direction for AfL, teachers' limited understanding of AfL, examination-oriented education, large class size, short class-duration, and limited physical facilities were the challenges for AfL practice. Findings suggest that there is a need to integrate AfL in higher education curriculum with design suitable for the contexts of Bangladesh along with teachers’ training on assessment.
Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 17-38.
Flash Floods, Livelihoods and Food Security: Evidence from the Affected Smallholder Farming Households in Northeast Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Monishankar , Roy Papry Chirosree
Published: January 2025

The 2017 flash flood events in Northeast districts created differential impacts on poor people; therefore, the adaptation strategies adopted by the poor were insufficient to survive. The weakness in these strategies often resulted in vulnerability to them. The present paper attempts to argue that the impacts created by those barriers are heterogeneous in nature, which did not receive considerable attention in ongoing research on this issue. This research has been conducted in two villages in the Habiganj district. Purposive sampling methods were used aiming to investigate how poor households adapt to flash flood disasters. A mixed method was applied to capture the scenario, which included a household questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and informal discussions. Findings suggest that flood disasters affect farming households differently. As the findings reveal that the agriculture-based livelihoods are affected by the flash flood drastically that created household food insecurity in many smallholder farming households. The findings present some specific policy suggestions for policymakers and development workers to shape policies that may benefit all actors more inclusively.
Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 57-72.
The Study of Signs in Frida (2002): Exploring the Creative	Nexus between the Film and the Paintings
Authors: Shaon Shaolin , Sultana Nifat
Published: January 2025

The symbiotic link between the film Frida (2002) and the artworks of the Mexican painter Frida Kahlo were examined with this study. In order to locate the Frida Kahlo paintings that were included in the film, this study analyses how they relate to the plot and settings, in a qualitative methodology. The formal analysis of those paintings discovered that they were used in a variety of ways to enhance the story in the film, including: to provide Kahlo's thoughts a visual expression, to offer comments on the film's topics and to establish a feeling of continuity between the many scenes. The semiotic analysis on denotative and connotative meaning was applied on the relevant scenes of the film Frida (2002). According to the study's findings, combining film and art can be a potent approach to communicate a story and produce a visually appealing film experience.
Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 91-120.
Unleashing the Export Potential of Light Engineering Products: Evidence from a Firm-Level Survey
Authors: Eusuf Mohammed Abu , Rahim Khan Md Abdur , Rahman Jillur , Nabila Humayra Anjumi
Published: January 2025

Based on a firm-level survey, this article analyzes the export potential, capacity, and challenges of the light engineering industries (LEI) in Bangladesh. The light engineering sector accounts for 2.5% of the country’s GDP and employs over 10 million people. Many of the firms operating in this industry are small-scale and decentralized, which makes them more accessible to local communities and helps in the promotion of inclusive growth. The industry's products are affordable and customized to meet the needs of local consumers, making them an essential component of the country's development strategy. However, there is a lack of credible information regarding the location of the light engineering enterprises and their export potential. The contribution of this paper is to fill this critical gap. The paper finds that the LE firms' location and specialization depend on the availability of raw materials and local demand; the firms operate with a small number of workers (less than 10) and mostly use domestic raw materials and conventional machines. However, they rarely replace their machinery, which affects productivity. Major findings also include that light engineering firms mostly produce agricultural machinery, spare parts, and machinery and parts for the construction sector, transport, textile, food processing, and molding industries. Meanwhile, the paper finds that less than 2% of the firms are currently exporting due to limited production capacity, lack of quality raw materials, insufficient capital, unskilled workers, and lack of policy support. Around 16% of the surveyed firms believe they have high export potential, whereas 82.4% of firms have no plans regarding exporting their products to the global market. To promote the industry's export competitiveness and overcome ongoing challenges, a set of policy recommendations are given, including effective policy implementation, utilization of firm-level dataset, product quality improvement, skills development, use of modern technologies, and adequate policy support from the government.
Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 121-144.
Global Governance in the Face of the Challenges and Prospects of the Existing World Order
Authors: Hossain Siddiqui Muhammad Sazzad , Aziz Kawser
Published: January 2025

The contemporary world stage is marked by profound discord and conflict among global leaders, driven by stark ideological disparities and elusive national interests. This paper contends that these prevailing conditions render the pursuit of global peace a formidable and intricate endeavour within the framework of existing global governance. The central argument of this paper underscores the imperative for a humane global governance paradigm to achieve global peace and security. Findings reveal that multilateral diplomacy, characterized by its inclusiveness, must serve as a potent tool for strengthening international organizations and global governance. Consequently, it will nurture the development of agreements within a rule-based framework, enabling us to effectively confront the issues raised by nationalism and populism. This, in the end, contributes to solidifying backing for initiatives promoting global governance. In doing so, it adopts a methodological approach that draws on pertinent literature, individual perspectives, academic publications, and selected journal articles that bear relevance to these matters.
Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 145-160.
Eroding Social Capital and Increasing Divorce in Dhaka City
Authors: Chandra Sarker Shosunth , Pareek Gagan
Published: January 2025

In the pursuit of gaining financial solvency and for so doing keeping utmost focus on career development, family value, the hallmark of social capital, is seemingly getting less focus in the present capitalist social structure of Dhaka city. The paper argues that modern couples’ ignorance towards developing social capital is a major factor behind the alarming increase in the divorce rate in Dhaka City. This study intends to explore how the culture of extreme individualism is causing a profound negative impact on strengthening social capital and the marital bondage is getting weaker which provokes couples to terminate their conjugal bondage even on trifle issues without considering deeply on social norms, values, obligations - the core features of social capital. In line with a comprehensive content analysis of the relevant secondary data, qualitative interviews of eight scholarly participants - four PhD Fellows of Dhaka University and four advocates in the High Court Division- have been arranged with semi-structured questionnaires to get the insights regarding the relevance of eroding social capital and the tendency of divorce among the couples in Dhaka city. The study findings suggest that the policymakers concerned with social stability in Bangladesh need to adopt policies keeping social capital into consideration along with financial capital – economic solvency- and human capital –education-; and for that, a more comprehensive study regarding the significance of social capital is needed to develop a pragmatic and time- worthy strategy to check the reckless increase of divorce rate in Dhaka city.
Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 161-178.
Induced Innovation Theory and Technological Progress in Bangladesh Agriculture in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Taslim Qamrun N , Taslim Mohammad A
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the relationship between factor price ratios and factor intensities during the period of rapid spread of high yield variety (HYV) technology of cereal production in Bangladesh agriculture. The theory of induced innovation suggests that an increase in the relative price of a factor would lead farmers to adopt technologies that minimize the usage of that factor, and conversely. However, available data from Bangladesh agriculture indicate that although the price of fertilizer, a key factor in HYV cultivation, relative to land and labor, rose substantially during the study period, the fertilizer-labor and fertilizer-land intensities in cultivation also rose very steeply. It is shown that minimizing the use of the expensive factor is neither necessary nor sufficient for profit maximization in agricultural production.
Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 179-194.