bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exotic Dance Adult Entertainment: ethnography challenges false mythology
Authors: Hanna Judith Lynne
Published: November 2004

It is a myth that crime and property depreciation are tbe inevitable consequences of the presence in a community of exotic dance adult entertainment (also referred to as erotic, nude or topless dancing, striptease, gentlemen's clubs, juice bars and adult cabarets). Nevertheless, this myth has been perpetuated by media sensationalism, vocal minorities of the Religious Right and the feminist movement, the misinformed, “studies” commissioned by various localities, the justice system and even a professional association. As grounds for regulation of this entertainment, localities have used “studies” showing adverse effects that are scientifically flawed and now chaUengeable. My ethnographic work since 1995, when i was asked to be an expert court witness in First Amendment cases related to exotic dance, has been part of that challenge. This article examines a recent American Planning Association publication that perpetuates the same misconceptions under the cloak of academic professionalism. The critique serves as a springboard to discuss the role of planners in local governance, whose recommendations can affect the vitality of communities and the livelihoods of individuals, provoke costly litigation at taxpayer expense and infringe people's civil liberties. [Exotic dance, cultural conflict, urban planning, myth]
The Commodification of Ethnicity in an Asian Indian Economy in Chicago
Authors: Bubinas Kathleen
Published: November 2004

Sociological literature posits the. ethnic economy as a labor market that enables immigrants to procure employment through ethnic group membership. Recent scholarship documents employment practices that question this model of kinbased employment and ethnic loyalty and underscores the need to contextualize economic behavior within specific urban environments. The present paper contributes to this discussion by elucidating the role of ethnicity in an Asian Indian ethnic economy in Chicago. Data indicate that traditional forms of ethnic capital are less salient for employment than ethnic resources vital to maintaining an identity tied to commodity sectors distinctive to the Indian ethnic economy. [Asian Indian immigrants; Chicago labor market; ethnic capital; ethnic economy; immigrants]
Reflections
Authors: Crapanzano Vincent
Published: November 2004

Author's note: I have chosen to follow as closely as possible my oral presentation and complement it with some, but only some, of the thoughts that have occurred to me as I edit the tape transcript of my talk.
Encomium for Robert A. LeVine
Authors: Shweder Richard A.
Published: November 2004

This tribute was delivered by Richard A. Shweder at the meeting of the Society for Psychological Anthropology in San Diego, California,on October 9, 1997.
Dys‐appearing Tongues and Bodily Memories: The Aging of First‐Generation Resident Koreans in Japan
Authors: Lee Sandra Soo‐Jin
Published: November 2004

According to Bourdieu's thesis on habitus, codes of behavior are "memorized" and incorporated by the body, becoming the repertoire of culturally appropriated bodily behaviors.Building on this model, immigrant subjectivity with respect to aging is examined through the concept of bodily memory. I focus here on the negotiation of colonial history, diasporic consciousness, and cultural practice by first‐generation resident Koreans of Japan. This paper examines how the bartering of symbolic meanings in the consumption of Korean food reflects postcolonial negotiations of ideologies of difference and how the body acts as a critical site of struggle in the performance of identity.
Remembering What One Knows and the Construction of the Past: A Comparison of Cultural Consensus Theory and Cultural Schema Theory
Authors: Garro Linda C.
Published: November 2004

Cultural consensus theory and cultural models theory present distinct perspectives about the nature of individual and cultural knowledge. Anthropologists have not really explored the implications of these differences, nor have they examined these differing perspectives in situations where both are plausible alternatives. Through an analysis of patterns in how individuals diagnosed with diabetes and living in an Anishinaabe (Ojibway) community talked about diabetes and the judgments they made about the relevancy of culturally plausible illness causes, I find, for this data set at least, that cultural models theory provides a better fit. Nevertheless, cultural consensus analysis played a critical role in this determination. Some ideas about the nature of collective memory are examined in light of my findings.
Encountering the Trauma of the Holocaust: Dialogue and Its Dicontents in the Broszat‐Friedlander Exchanges of Letters
Authors: Feldman Regina M.
Published: November 2004

This article investigates the exchanges of letters of 1987 between the historians Martin Broszat and Saul Friedlander through the interpretive framework of "dialogue." It is suggested that dialogue does not have a dyadic structure, but involves ever shifting Thirds that function as mediators in dialogue, i.e., God, conscience, reason, or tradition. On one hand, Thirds provide a seemingly stable, external reference point; on the other hand, they open up space for the play of power and desire. Four categories of Thirds are identified and their place and role in the dialogue between Broszat and Friedlander analyzed. The psychoanalytically inspired notions of "acting‐out" and "working‐through" are employed in order to interpret the varying degrees of critical control Broszat and Friedlander were able to apply to these interfering Thirds. Finally, I give an overall interpretation of Broszat s and Friedlander's positions in the dialogue, guided by the concepts of acting‐out and working‐through.
Father Absence and Male Aggression. A Re‐Examination of the Comparative Evidence
Authors: Ember Carol R. , Ember Melvin
Published: November 2004

Beatrice B. Whiting suggested that sex‐identity conflict leads to male violence cross‐culturally. While subsequent worldwide cross‐cultural research has been equivocal regarding the "sex‐identity conflict" hypothesis, we suggest that this may be because researchers have failed to pay attention to Whiting's contingent conditions—how powerful men are compared to women, and the degree to which aggression is considered a component of the male adult role. Using multiple regression, we examine how homicide and assualt rates also may be affected by the degree to which aggression is explicitly encouraged, the extent of corporal punishment, and whether the father or the mother is the main publisher
Father Absence, Social Structure, and Attention Allocation in Children: A Four‐Culture Comparison
Authors: Munroe Robert L.
Published: November 2004

Beatrice Whiting, together with John Whiting, pioneered comparative field research in anthropology. The present study builds on one of her Six Culture Project contributions, an analysis of the effects of early father absence as mediated by social‐ structural characteristics. In a four‐culture comparison, we find that (a) high frequency of father absence and male dominance in the adult world (as among the Logoli of Kenya) seem to prompt those boys with fathers to allocate to their fathers a high level of attention; and (b) high frequency of father absence and nondominance of males in the adult world (as among the Black Carib of Belize) seem to prompt those boys with fathers to allocate to their fathers an extremely low level of attention. In all four cultures, however, those boys without fathers allocated to males a high level of attention. The attention levels of girls were unaffected by father absence. The findings extend and refine the original contribution of Beatice Whiting while introducing new complexities into the study of father absence and its effects.
Emotional Bureaucracies: Emotions Civil Servants, and Immigrants in the Swedish Welfare State
Authors: Graham Mark
Published: November 2004

This article examines how Swedish emotional expression is both reflected in and helps to reproduce the ideology of the welfare state. A Swedish ideal of emotional compatibility and continuity between welfare bureaucracies and their clients has been challenged in the wake of refugee immigration. The resulting multicultural society is understood by civil servants to translate into an emotional complexity that has consequences for the levels of emotion in meetings with refugee clients, emotional barriers between staff and clients, emotional reciprocity, and the gendering and mobilization of emotion in bureaucratic encounters. The presence of refugee immigrants is shown to have consequences for the welfare state's ability to ensure emotional reproduction in society. How Swedish civil servants respond to refugee clients provides insights into the emotional dimension of bureaucracies in multicultural welfare states and bureaucratic work more generally.
Implications of Sibling Caregiving for Sibling Relations and Teaching Interactions in Two Cultures
Authors: Rabain‐Jamin Jacqueline , Maynard Ashley E. , Greenfield Patricia
Published: November 2004

This article explores the social and cognitive implications of sibling caregiving among the Zinacantec Maya of Mexico and the Wolof of Senegal. Ethnographic video data of sibling caregiving interactions were collected, focusing on children ages three to 13 years interacting with their two‐year‐old siblings. Sibling relations in both cultures reflect a system of multiage play, the children's sensitivity to age and gender hierarchies, and the older siblings'role as teachers of their younger siblings. Differences in the two groups include more verbal exchanges and wordplay with the two‐year‐old Wolof children and more overt efforts by older Zinacantec siblings to incorporate the two year olds into their group activity. The data indicate an overall pattern of cultural transmission by which older siblings teach younger ones in the context of caring for them. The pattern is nuanced by each group's social organization and rules for social interaction, exhibited in the children's play.
Book Reviews
Authors: Payne Doris
Published: November 2004

The Collected Works of Edward Sapir, VII: Wishram Texts and Ethnography William Bright. ed. New York/Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1990. 518 pp. $99.00 (cloth)
Power in Performance: The Creation of Textual Authority in Weyewa Ritual Speech.
Authors: Brody Jill
Published: November 2004

Power in Performance: The Creation of Textual Authority in Weyewa Ritual Speech. Joel C. Kuipers. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990. 198 pp. $24.95 (cloth)
The Sapir‐Whorf Hypothesis: A Preliminary History and a Bibliographical Essay
Authors: Koerner E. F. Konrad
Published: November 2004

This article presents a historical overview of linguistic ideas in relation to the Sapir‐Whorf Hypothesis. The source of the hypothesis is found in the writings of Wilhelm von Humboldt, and further development is found in the writings of Heymann Steinthal, Franz Boas, Edward Sapir, Benjamin Lee Whorf, Carl Voegelin, and Dell Hymes, among others. Humboldtian ideas have had a long‐standing impact on American ethnolinguistics.
Superordinate Category Terms and Mass‐Count Noun Status
Authors: Takatori Yuki , Schwanenflugel Paula J.
Published: November 2004

This article addresses the claim that superordinate categories tend to be indicated by mass nouns and that this tendency represents a linguistic universal. However, the study that first advanced this claim (Markman 1985, 1989) investigated an inadequate sample of language groups. Testing a under variety of languages, the current study, using the methods applied in that original study, showed that the tendency for superordinate categories to be indicated by mass nouns was not universal. Moreover, we discuss how the method itself, based on the morphosyntax of the mass‐count distinction in English, may not apply cross‐linguistically. Specifically, the nature of the mass‐count distinction involves more than the presence or absence of preceding numerals, classifiers, and quantificational phrases. Consequently, we conclude that the claim of a universal tendency for superordinate categories to be indicated by mass nouns remains open to question.
The Development of Second Language Proficiency
Authors: Smith David
Published: November 2004

The Development of Second Language Proficiency. Birgit Harley. Patrick Allen. Jim Cummins. and Merrill Swain. eds. The Cambridge Applied Linguistics Series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 248 pp. n.p.
Investigating Obsolescence: Studies in Language Contraction and Death
Authors: Miller Wick
Published: November 2004

Investigating Obsolescence: Studies in Language Contraction and Death. Nancy C. Dorian. ed. Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language, 7. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 445 pp. $59.50 (cloth)
The Language of the Inka since the European Invasion
Authors: Brody Jill
Published: November 2004

The Language of the Inka since the European Invasion. Bruce Mannheim. Texas Linguistic Series. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991. 326 pp. $25.00 (cloth)
Brain Maturation and Cognitive Development: Comparative and Cross‐Cultural Perspectives
Authors: Blonder Lee X.
Published: November 2004

Brain Maturation and Cognitive Development: Comparative and Cross‐Cultural Perspectives. Kathleen R. Gibson and Anne C. Petersen. eds. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1991. 390 pp. $69.95 (cloth)
Grammatical and Indexical Convention in Honorific Discourse
Authors: Agha Asif
Published: November 2004

This article examines the structure of honorific expressions in Lhasa Tibetan and their contextualized function in discourse. Honorific expressions are grammatically valued items of the language that are indexical of deference toward referents picked out in interactional events. Moreover, the category of referent deferred‐to varies by the grammatical class of the expression. Four grammaticalized indexical categories are distinguished in these terms. Additional themes discussed include the role of ideology in shaping speaker awareness of conventional indexical effects, and the role of discourse‐based indexicality in transcending the limits of such conventios.
Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction: Socialization, Self, and Syncretism in a Papua New Guinean Village
Authors: Samarin William J.
Published: November 2004

Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction: Socialization, Self, and Syncretism in. Papua New Guinean Village. Don Kulick. Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language, 14. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 317 pp.
Ethnobiological Classification: Principles of Categorization of Plants and Animals in Traditional Societies
Authors: Hays Terence
Published: November 2004

Ethnobiological Classification: Principles of Categorization of Plants and Animals in Traditional Societies. Brent Berlin. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992. 335 pp.
Politeness in Language: Studies in its History, Theory and Practice
Authors: Smith Janet S.
Published: November 2004

Politeness in Language: Studies in its History, Theory and Practice. Richard J. Watts. Sachiko lde. and Konrad Ehlich. eds. Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs, 59. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992. 381 pp.
Spiritual Discourse: Learning with an Islamic Master
Authors: Webber Sabra
Published: November 2004

Spiritual Discourse: Learning with an Islamic Master. Frances Trix. Conduct and Communication Series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993.189 pp.
Genre and the New Rhetoric
Authors: Szitó Judit
Published: November 2004

Genre and the New Rhetoric. Aviva Freedman and Peter Medway. eds. Critical Perspectives on Literacy and Education. London: Taylor & Francis, 1994. 236 pp.
Language Shock: Understanding the Culture of Conversation
Authors: Blum Susan D.
Published: November 2004

Language Shock: Understanding the Culture of Conversation. Michael Agar. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1994. 284 pp.
Encountering Language and Languages of Encounter in North American Ethnohistory
Authors: Silverstein Michael
Published: November 2004

On the basis of primary sources and of reviewing recent scholarship on linguistic contact in North America, an ethnohistory of communication is advocated to achieve a greater realism. Central to this framework ought to be conceptual differentiation of speech community, an organization of communicating peoples by regularities of language‐in‐use, and language community, an organization of people by their orientation to structural (formal) norms for denotational coding (whether explicit or implicit). While considering the various parameters of the social organization of languages in North American contact communities, we survey a sample of cases to show their ethnohistorical distinctness from the traditional pidgin‐ and creole‐forming situations, and the basis in contact for the role of indigeneous languages in contemporary ethnic politics of culture.
Situated Meaning: Inside and Outside in Japanese Self, Society, and Language.
Authors: Smith Janet S. (Shibamoto)
Published: November 2004

Situated Meaning: Inside and Outside in Japanese Self, Society, and Language.Jane M. Bachnik and Charles J. Quinn, Jr. eds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. 309 pp.
Disorderly Discourse: Narrative, Conflict, and Inequality.
Authors: Parmentier Richard J.
Published: November 2004

Disorderly Discourse: Narrative, Conflict, and Inequality. Charles L. Briggs. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. 248 pp.
Codes and Consequences: Choosing Linguistic Varieties.
Authors: Herbert Robert K.
Published: November 2004

Codes and Consequences: Choosing Linguistic Varieties. Carol Myers‐Scotton. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 219 pp.
Power Sharing: Language, Rank, Gender, and Social Space in Pohnpei, Micronesia
Authors: Errington J. Joseph
Published: November 2004

Power Sharing: Language, Rank, Gender, and Social Space in Pohnpei, Micronesia. Elizabeth Keating. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. 310 pp.
Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive Bases
Authors: Goodenough Ward H.
Published: November 2004

Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive Bases. James R. Burford. Michael Studdert‐Kennedy. and Chris Knight. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 442 pp.
The Languages of Native North America
Authors: Kinkade M. Dale
Published: November 2004

The Languages of Native North America. Marianne Mithun. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 773 pp.
Comments on "Discourses of Whiteness"
Authors: Brodkin Karen
Published: November 2004

These articles give us a fine glimpse at how grand theories behave in daily life because they observe the dictum of good science and good art—they show us instead of just telling us. Together and singly, they illuminate two theoretical strands in current studies of whiteness (Allen 1994; Brodkin 1998; Crenshaw and Morrison 1992; Frankenberg 1993; Ignatiev 1995; Jacobson 1998; Morrison 1990; Roediger 1991). The first is the notion that whiteness is less a freestanding category than the powerful pole of a social relationship created by invidious contrast. Consequently the meaning of whiteness, its variability, and its fluidity all derive from its position of power and privilege vis‐á‐vis particular nonwhite others. And the second strand, somewhat less developed in the literature, is the notion that whiteness as a performed or lived role in a relationship has its internal contradictions. That is, the relationship of white folks to their whiteness, defined by the putative nonwhiteness of particular others, is often a relationship of ambivalence about the costs and benefits of what they embrace and what they devalue in order to be white.
Book Reviews
Authors: Keating Elizabeth
Published: November 2004

Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory. Bambi B. Schieffelin. Kathryn A. Woolard. and Paul V. Kroskrity. eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. 338 pp.
Speaking of Crime: Narratives of Prisoners
Authors: Moll Melanie N.
Published: November 2004

Speaking of Crime: Narratives of Prisoners. Patricia E. O'Connor. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. 206 pp.
Traiettori di sguardi. E se gli altrifoste voi?
Authors: Zinn Dorothy L.
Published: November 2004

Geneviève Makaping (2001) Traiettori di sguardi. se gli altri foste voi? [Trajectories of gazes. What if you were the Others'?] SoverioMannelli: Rubbettino
Italiani: Racconto etnografico
Authors: Mantoani Gianluca
Published: November 2004

Bravo G. L. Italiani: Racconto etnografico; Rome, Meltemi 2001. ISBN‐88‐8353‐061‐6 287. (Italian)
Diabetes As a Disease of Civilization: The Impact of Culture Change on Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Swedlund Alan
Published: November 2004

Diabetes As a Disease of Civilization: The Impact of Culture Change on Indigenous Peoples. Jennie R. Joe and Robert S. Young eds. New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Studies in the Social Sciences, 50. 1994 (cloth). viii + 527 pp.
Politics, Practical Logic, and Primary Health Care in Rural Haiti
Authors: Brodwin Paul E.
Published: November 2004

During the 1980s, an ambitious project for health development restructured medical services throughout rural Haiti. The “Rural Health Delivery System” (RHDS) pursued several goals of primary health care, including dispensary‐based maternal and child health services and the provision of low–cost drugs. Based on fieldwork in a single village, this article examines how local residents pushed the project in unpredictable and ironic directions. People did not regard dispensary services—which were planned and financed by international health agencies—as essentially foreign elements in the local health–care system. They rather engaged with the dispensary according to long–standing local strategies for prestige and economic advance. Despite the dramatically new shape of biomedicine introduced by the RHDS, the dispensary remained for most people a recognizable arena to gain access to state resources or to contest state control over their lives. The “success” of clinic services, and the “failure” of the project to distribute essential drugs arose more from people's practical routes to symbolic and material power than from the formal plans of health planners or state bureaucrats. This practice‐based analysis provides another dimension to both the liberal and neo‐Marxist critiques of international health development, [primary health care, community participation, planned development, Haiti]
Television Minidramas: Social Marketing and Evaluation in Egypt
Authors: Lane Sandra D.
Published: November 2004

Television has been extensively used to communicate health messages over a decade in Egypt. Viewers of the evening soap operas have been seeing six commercials for family planning, oral rehydration solution (ORS), and immunizations. People of all social classes can sing the jingles of the most popular ads. The producers of these health spots use increasingly sophisticated story lines, settings, and characters representing rural peasants, played by popular and well‐liked actors. Evaluation of the content and impact of these messages has lagged behind the creative sophistication of their production. This article reviews the context and content of televised health messages in Egypt during the 1980s, critically assesses the evaluation of mass media health education, and suggests strategies for more effective evaluation. The author worked for some years with a private donor agency that funded the production of a number of televised health commercials in Egypt. [Egypt, health messages, social marketing, television]
Why We Get Sick: The New Science of Darwinian Medicine
Authors: Wiley Andrea S.
Published: November 2004

Why We Get Sick: The New Science of Darwinian Medicine. Randolph M. Nesse and George C. Williams. New York: Times Books (cloth) and Vintage Books (paper), 1994. xi + 290 pp.
Urban Low‐Income African American Men, HIV/AIDS, and Gender Identity
Authors: Whitehead Tony L.
Published: November 2004

In a 1993 Human Organization article, Jerome Wright called for more research on African American male sexual behavior and the risk for HIV infection. The present article is a response to that call. Wright pointed out a well‐known fact of HIV/AIDS prevention programs: such programs have not been very successful in reaching low‐income African American males. The present article suggests that perhaps the key to better understanding sex‐related health‐risk behavior is to conduct more systematic research on gender identity, and the historical and sociocultural origins of such identities. I argue that if we are truly interested in developing effective HIV/AIDS programs targeting low‐income African American males, then the sociocultural "meanings" that this population attaches to AIDS‐related phenomena must be understood in the broader contexts of American constructs of masculinity, and in the real and perceived experiences of black men in America. Data from several ethnographic and qualitative research projects carried out among low‐income African American male and female residents of Baltimore, other parts of Maryland, and Washington, D.C. are used in support of my primary arguments. [HIV/AIDS, African American Males, Gender Constructs, Sociocultural Meaning, Plantation America]
“The Divine Impatience”: Ritual, Narrative, and Symbolization in the Practice of Martyrdom in Palestine
Authors: Pitcher Linda M.
Published: November 2004

Violence is obscured by habits of thought, which predispose us to reject that which falls outside of our notion of "normal' human behavior. By dismissing as incomprehensible, or "pathologic" embodied practices that do not correspond to a "rationally ordered'' everyday life, some anthropologists concerned with issues of violence forsake a fundamental responsibility to foster an understanding of phenomena that affronts, offends, or questions our own cultural norms and assumptions. Situations of violence, whether due to contextual or individual instability, by definition defy pregiven notions of "rationality" and "normal behavior.” This article is about Palestinian martyrs, youths killed in confrontations with the Israeli military. It seeks to identify the cultural and psychological processes that make Palestinian martyrdom possible within the specific context of Israeli military occupation. It elaborates the ritual, narrative, and symbolic dimensions of a practice that exists within a Palestinian discourse of sacrifice and of national liberation. [Palestinian, martyrdom, embodiment, psychoanalysis, violence]
Willing the Spirits to Reveal Themselves: Rural Kenyan Mothers' Responsibility to Restore Their Children's Health
Authors: Amuyunzu Mary
Published: November 2004

Women's contributions to the improvement and maintenance of health are being acknowledged the world over. Recent studies show that most health care is domestic and that women provide nearly 95 percent of this care. Their role as healers, nurses, doctors, folk practitioners, and lay therapists has also been recognized. This research report analyses exorcism as a special function performed by Duruma mothers on behalf of their ailing children. The women represent their children and identify the spirit(s) responsible for illnesses. This role is based on Duruma recognition of the close relationship between mothers and their children, specifically through pregnancy, lactation, and daily contact. For local people who believe in the spirit world, mothers' spirits are held to be responsible for exorcising children's illnesses. Thus health production by Duruma women goes a step further than that of women in other communities. [mothers, childhood illnesses, traditional healing, Duruma, Kenya]
Machos and Sluts: Gender, Sexuality, and Violence among a Cohort of Puerto Rican Adolescents
Authors: Asencio Marysol W.
Published: November 2004

During the past decade, interpersonal violence increasingly has become a public health concern. As a result, prevention programs now aim to decrease violence among diverse populations. This article describes the beliefs and rationale for gender‐based violence among a cohort of low‐income, predominantly second‐generation, mainland Puerto Rican adolescents. Based on a three‐year (1989–91) ethnographic study, the findings describe how these young people, through the use of gender‐based social constructs such as "machos" and "sluts,” justify violence by linking it to beliefs about gender roles, sexuality, and biology, and thus perpetuate genderrole conformity, particularly heterosexual male dominance. The findings suggest that if the public health community is going to reduce genderbased violence among Puerto Rican youth, it needs to acknowledge that gender and sexuality are important ingredients that support violence and avoid a simplified and stereotypical model of culture that ignores other social factors and changes in traditional Latino gender roles, [machismo, gender, sexuality, violence, Puerto Rican]
Testing Women, Testing the Fetus: The Social Impact of Amniocentesis in America
Authors: Morgan Lynn M.
Published: November 2004

Testing Women, Testing the Fetus: The Social Impact of Amniocentesis in America. Rayna Rapp. New York: Routledge, 1999. xiv+361pp.
Witnessing and the Medical Gaze: How Medical Students Learn to See at a Free Clinic for the Homeless
Authors: Davenport Beverly Ann
Published: November 2004

This article analyzes doctor‐patient communication as it is taught to medical students in a student‐run free clinic for the homeless. Moving beyond Foucault's concept of the medical gaze, it incorporates Byron Good's theorizing about the soteriological aspects of medicine and medical education as well as aspects of practice theory as illuminated by Anthony Giddens. Ethnographic examples illustrate the necessary tension between objectification and subject‐making that exists in the specific practices engaged in by both students and preceptors at the clinic site. [doctor‐patient communication, medical education, homelessness, Foucault, practice theory]
Opportunity House: Ethnographic Stories of Mental Retardation
Authors: Dossa Parin
Published: November 2004

Opportunity House: Ethnographic Stories of Mental Retardation. Michael V. Angrosino. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 1998.287 pp.
Recovering the Nation's Body: Cultural Memory, Medicine, and the Politics of Redemption
Authors: Joralemon Donald
Published: November 2004

Recovering the Nation's Body: Cultural Memory, Medicine, and the Politics of Redemption. Linda F. Hogle. New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers University Press, 1999. xiv. 242 pp.
Indigenous Theories of Contagious Disease
Authors: Kendall Carl
Published: November 2004

Indigenous Theories of Contagious Disease. Edward C. Green. Walnut Creek, CA: Sage, 1999.31 lpp.
Donor Insemination: Eugenic and Feminist Implications
Authors: Hanson F. Allan
Published: November 2004

One concern regarding developments in genetics is that, when techniques such as genetic engineering become safe and affordable, people will use them for positive eugenics: to "improve" their offspring by endowing them with exceptional qualities. Another is whether new reproductive technologies are being used to improve the condition of women or as the tools of a patriarchal system that appropriates female functions to itself and exploits women to further its own ends. Donor insemination is relevant to both of these issues. The degree to which people have used donor insemination in the past for positive eugenic purposes may give some insight into the likelihood of developing technologies being so used in the future. Donor insemination provides women with the opportunity to reproduce with only the most remote involvement of a man. To what degree do women take advantage of this to liberate themselves from male dominance? Through questionnaires and interviews, women who have used donor insemination disclosed their criteria for selecting sperm donors. The results are analyzed for the prevalence of positive eugenic criteria in the selection process and women's attitudes toward minimizing the male role in reproduction, [donor insemination, eugenics, new reproductive technologies, feminism, patriarchy]
Health Work with the Poor—A Practical Guide
Authors: Jan Gates Rahima
Published: November 2004

Health Work with the Poor—A Practical Guide. Christie W. Kiefer. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2000. xiv. 239 pp.
What Makes Women Sick: Maternity, Modesty and Militarism in Israeli Society
Authors: Birenbaum‐Carmeli Daphna
Published: November 2004

What Makes Women Sick: Maternity, Modesty and Militarism in Israeli Society. Susan Sered. Hanover and London: Brandeis University Press, 2000. + 194 pp.
Dangerous Places: Health, Safety, and Archaeology
Authors: O'mansky Matt
Published: November 2004

Dangerous Places: Health, Safety,and Archaeology. David A. Poirier and Kenneth L. Feder. eds. Westport, CT and London: Bergin and Garvey, 2001. + 249 pp.
American Indian Health: Innovations in Health Care, Promotion, and Policy
Authors: Schultz Jerry A. , Deroin Dee Ann
Published: November 2004

American Indian Health: Innovations in Health Care, Promotion, and Policy. Everett R. Rhoades. M.D., ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. xxiii. 459 pp.
The Emperor's New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium
Authors: Smedley Audrey
Published: November 2004

The Emperor's New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium. Joseph L. Graves. Jr. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2001. 272 pp.
Manmade Breast Cancers
Authors: Birenbaum‐Carmeli Daphna
Published: November 2004

Manmade Breast Cancers. Zillah Eisenstein. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001. 189 pp.
Narrative Mediation of Conventional and New "Mental Health" Paradigms: Reading the Stories of Immigrant Iranian Women
Authors: Dossa Parin
Published: November 2004

The potential of storytelling to effect change and produce new knowledge is being recognized across disciplines. Two conditions are necessary to realize these goals: first, reading of stories must be contextualized to include larger social and political landscapes; and second, how stories are read and toward what end must be closely examined. This article explores these issues with reference to the subject of the "mental health" or emotional well‐being of a cohort of postrevolution Iranian women from metropolitan Vancouver, British Columbia. Reading their stories at a particular moment in time shows that well‐being is essentially grounded in spaces and places where we live, work, and engage in social interactions. This commonplace knowledge, which is subdued in medical discourse, retrieved through Iranian women ys stories of life and living told at a time when their experiences, histories, and viewpoints on health are subject to erasure, [emotional well‐being, Iranian women, stories, medicalization, ethnography]
Spectacular Bodies: The Art and Science of the Human Body from Leonardo to Now
Authors: Sims Michael
Published: November 2004

Spectacular Bodies: The Art and Science of the Human Body from Leonardo to Now. Martin Kemp and Marina Wallace. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. 232 pp.
Managed Care or Managed Inequality? A Call for Critiques of Market‐Based Medicine
Authors: Rylko‐Bauer Barbara , Farmer Paul
Published: November 2004

This review article critiques the growing dominance of market‐based medicine in the United States against the background of existing problems with quality of care, rising costs, devaluation of doctor–patient relationships, and, especially, persistent inequalities of access and outcomes. It summarizes the present state of health care delivery by focusing on the concurrent trends of growth in managed care, expanding profits, increasing proportion of those uninsured, and widening racial, ethnic, and class disparities in access to care. Allowing market forces to dictate the shape of health care delivery in this country ensures that inequalities will continue to grow and modern medicine will become increasingly adept at managing inequality rather than managing (providing) care. The article challenges anthropology to become more involved in critiquing these developments and suggests how anthropologists can expand on and contextualize debates surrounding the market's role in medicine, here and abroad, [managed care, for‐profit medicine, health care inequalities]
Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights and the New War on the Poor; Mountains beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World
Authors: Nisbett Richard A.
Published: November 2004

Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights and the New War on the Poor. Paul Farmer. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.419 pp.

Mountains beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer,. Man Who Would Cure the World. Tracy Kidder. New York: Random House, 2003. 336 pp.
Appetites: Food and Sex in Post‐Socialist China
Authors: Kwiatkowski Lynn
Published: November 2004

Appetites: Food and Sex in Post‐Socialist China. Judith Farquhar. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002. xii. 341 pp.
Inventing the Louvre
Authors: Herbert James D.
Published: November 2004

Inventing the Louvre: Arts, Politics, and the Origins of the Modern Museum in Eighteenth. Century Paris, Andrew McLellan. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994. xiii. 289 pp. 84 halftones; appendices, notes, bibliography, index.
Basket Weavers for the California Curio Trade: Elizabeth and Louise Hickox
Authors: Jacknis Ira
Published: November 2004

Basket Weavers for the California Curio Trade: Elizabeth and Louise Hickox. Marvin Cohodas. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, and Los Angeles: The Southwest Museum, 1997. xvii. 362 pp.; 31 b/w drawings and photographs, 64 color plates, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95 (hard cover).
Obernberg: A Quantitative Analysis of a Tirolean Peasant Economy
Authors: Strouthes Daniel
Published: November 2004

Leopold Pospisil. Obemberg:. Quantitative Analysis of. Tirolean Peasant Economy. Volume 24 of the Memoirs of The Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. New Haven, Connecticut, 1995. 427 pages.
Differentiation, Radicalization, and the Emergence of the Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas
Authors: Collier George A.
Published: November 2004

Over three decades, southeastern Mexico has experienced social and economic changes that restructured agriculture, exacerbated class divisions, and increasingly politicized ethnic relations in a region with a large indigenous population. The Zapatista rebellion of 1994 both reflected these processes and sharpened the economic, social, and political divisions growing out of them. It also refocused opposition to the political structures through which privileged elites, from the national government down to local officials, have controlled the region's resources and maintained order. As negotiations continue between the Zapatistas and the national government, the future is uncertain. Yet a lasting peace will have to accommodate the region's recent transformations of social structure.
A Moment's NoticeTime Politics across Cultures
Authors: Coutin Susan
Published: November 2004

. Moment's Notice: Time Politics across Cultures, by Carol J. Greenhouse. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1996.
Deadliest Enemies: Law and the Making of Race Relations on and off the Rosebud Reservation
Authors: Pickering Kathleen
Published: November 2004

Deadliest Enemies: Law and the Making of Race Relations on and off the Rosebud ReservationThomas Biolsi (Berkeley: University of California Press,2001).
The Hopi photographs: Kate Cory
Authors: Scherer Joanna C.
Published: November 2004

The Hopi photographs: Kate Cory: 1905‐1912. (1988). Barton Wright. Martin Gaede & Marc Gaede. Alberquerque: University of New Mexico press. 156 pp.
Trip Tropique: Richard and Sally Price's Equatoria
Authors: Horner Alice E. , Graburn Nelson H.H.
Published: November 2004

Equatoria. Richard Price and Sally Price [with sketches by Sally Price]. New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc. 1992.295 pages, cloth: $27.50
Pictures at an Execution: An Inquiry Into the Subject of Murder
Authors: Ruby Jay
Published: November 2004

Pictures at an Execution: An Inquiry Into the Subject of Murder. Wendy Lesser. 1993.Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 270 pages, illustrations. $24.95. ISBN 0‐674‐66735‐2.
Fields of Vision: Essays in Film Studies, Visual Anthropology, and Photography
Authors: Miller Toby
Published: November 2004

Fields of Vision: Essays in Film Studies, Visual Anthropology, and Photography. Leslie Devereaux and Roger Hillman. eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. 362 pp. +xiv. 27 illustrations. $14.95.
Karlsoya (Karlsisle): Between Goats, Rock and Mohammed
Authors: Vandeskog Bjarne G.
Published: November 2004

Karlsoya (Karlsisle): Between Goats, Rock and Mohammed. Svein Andersen. 1994, 93 minutes, color Distributed by Syncron Film Norge a.s., Grensen 3, 0159 Oslo, Norway, ph:. 47 22 33 47 50, fax: +47 22 42 72 93.
No Loans Today By Lisanne Skyler
Authors: Geiger Jeffrey
Published: November 2004

No Loans Today 1995, 55 Minutes. Film by Llsanne Skyler Institutional, Purchase $390; Rental $75 (video only) Distributed by First Run/Icarus films, 153 Waverly place, New York, NY, 10014
Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage
Authors: Sherman Daniel J.
Published: November 2004

Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage. Barbara Kirshenblatt‐Gimblett. University of California Press, 1998. xviii. 327 pp.
Photographing Navajos: John Collier Jr. On the Reservation
Authors: Frisbie Charlotte J.
Published: November 2004

Photographing Navajos: John Collier Jr. On the Reservation, 1948‐1953. C. Stewart Doty. Dale Sperry Mudge. and Herbert John Benally. Photographs by John Collier. Jr. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 2002. 224 pp. map. 98 halftones (97 are numbered).
The Ones That Are Wanted: Communication and the politics of representation in a photographic exhibition
Authors: Jones Noral L.
Published: November 2004

The Ones That Are Wanted: Communication and the politics of representation in. photographic exhibition. Corinne A. Kratz. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2002.
Under Another Sun: Japanese in Singapore
Authors: Streamas John
Published: November 2004

Under Another Sun: Japanese in Singapore. Directed by Chet Kincaid. 2001. 56 minutes, color. Distributed by Asian Educational Media Service, Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies, 910 South 5th Street, 230ISB, Champaign, IL 68120. http://www.aems.uiuc.edu.
In vitro degradation behavior of electrospun polyglycolide, polylactide, and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)
Authors: You Young , Min Byung‐Moo , Lee Seung Jin , Lee Taek Seung , Park Won Ho
Published: November 2004

The electrospinning of polyglycolide (PGA), poly(L‐lactide) (PLA), and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA; L‐lactide/glycolide = 50/50) was performed with chloroform or 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) as a spinning solvent to fabricate their nanofiber matrices. The morphology of the electrospun PGA, PLA, and PLGA nanofibers was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PLGA nanofibers, electrospun with a nonpolar chloroform solvent, had a relatively large average diameter (760 nm), and it had a relatively broad distribution in the range of 200–1800 nm. On the other hand, the PGA and PLA fibers, electrospun with a polar HFIP solvent, had a small average diameter (∼300 nm) with a narrow distribution. This difference in the fiber diameters may be associated with the polarity of the solvent. Also, the in vitro degradation of PGA, PLA, and PLGA nanofiber matrices was examined in phosphate buffer solutions (pH 7.4) at 37°C. The degradation rates of the nanofiber matrices were fast, in the order of PGA > PLGA ≫ PLA. Structural and morphological changes during in vitro degradation were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. For the PGA matrix, a significant increase in the crystallinity during the early stage was detected, as well as a gradual decrease during the later period, and this indicated that preferential hydrolytic degradation in the amorphous regions occurred with cleavage‐induced crystallization, followed by further degradation in the crystalline region. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 193–200, 2005
Nonisothermal melt‐crystallization kinetics of syndiotactic polypropylene compounded with various nucleating agents
Authors: Charoenphol Paninlada , Supaphol Pitt
Published: November 2004

Nonisothermal melt‐crystallization behavior of syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) compounded with 5% by weight (wt %) of some inorganic fillers [i.e., kaolin, talcum, marl, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silicon dioxide (SiO2)] and 1 wt % of some organic fillers, which are some sorbital derivatives (i.e., DBS, MDBS, and DMDBS) was investigated and reported for the first time. It was found that the ability of these fillers to nucleate sPP decreased in the following sequence: DBS > talcum > MDBS > SiO2 ∼ kaolin ∼ DMDBS > marl > TiO2, with DBS being able to shift the crystallization exotherm by ∼ 18°C on average, while TiO2 was able to shift the crystallization exotherm by only ∼ 6°C on average, from that of neat sPP. The Avrami analysis revealed that the Avrami exponent for sPP compounds varied between 2.9 and 4.3, with the values for neat sPP varying between 3.1 and 6.8. Lastly, the Ziabicki's crystallizability of sPP compounds was greater than that of neat sPP, suggesting an increase in the crystallization ability of sPP as a result of the presence of these fillers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 245–253, 2005
Tragverhalten von teilweise vorgefertigten Stahlbetonwänden mit Ortbetonergänzung und integrierter Wärmedämmung
Authors: Gastmeyer Ralf
Published: November 2004

Bei teilweise vorgefertigten Stahlbetonwänden mit Ortbetonergänzung und integrierter Wärmedämmung erfolgt die Verbindung des innen‐ und außenseitigen Betonquerschnitts meistens durch Gitterträger mit Diagonalen aus nichtrostendem Betonstahl. Die Gitterträger bewirken unter anderem eine schubweiche Kopplung der beiden Wandschalen, die bei der Weiterleitung von rechtwinklig zur Wandebene wirkenden Lasten (Wind oder Erddruck) und bei Temperaturänderung sowie unterschiedlichem Schwinden des innen‐ und außenseitigen Betonquerschnitts zum Tragen kommt. Nachfolgend werden die hieraus folgenden Beanspruchungen der äußeren Wandschale und der Gitterträger erläutert, die maßgebend für die Bemessung dieser Bauteile sind.
Microplate‐based filter paper assay to measure total cellulase activity
Authors: Xiao Zhizhuang , Storms Reginald , Tsang Adrian
Published: November 2004

The standard filter paper assay (FPA) published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is widely used to determine total cellulase activity. However, the IUPAC method is not suitable for the parallel analyses of large sample numbers. We describe here a microplate‐based method for assaying large sample numbers. To achieve this, we reduced the enzymatic reaction volume to 60 μl from the 1.5 ml used in the IUPAC method. The modified 60‐μl format FPA can be carried out in 96‐well assay plates. Statistical analyses showed that the cellulase activities of commercial cellulases from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus species determined with our 60‐μl format FPA were not significantly different from the activities measured with the standard FPA. Our results also indicate that the 60‐μl format FPA is quantitative and highly reproducible. Moreover, the addition of excess β‐glucosidase increased the sensitivity of the assay by up to 60%. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Swertia (Gentianaceae): Chemical and Pharmacological Aspects
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam , Mondal Sadhan , Gangopadhyay Arindam , Gorai Dilip , Mukhopadhyay Bodhiswatta , Saha Shamal , Brahmachari Arun K.
Published: November 2004

A compilation of the constituents isolated from Swertia species covering the literature up to December 2003 is presented. The botanical classification and ethno‐pharmacology of Swertia plants, as well as the biological activities and pharmacological applications of both distinct phytochemicals and medicinally acitve plant materials (formulations, extracts, etc.) are discussed in detail.