bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weed-Competitive Ability of Forage Maize Cultivars against Barnyardgrass
Authors: Jabran Khawar
Published: January 2020

Weed-competitive cultivars are desired in the wake of growing popularity of organic farming, environmental pollution and evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds. This research work evaluated the weed competitive ability of three forage maize cultivars (ADA-523, AGA and SASA-5) against the noxious weed barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.). The study was conducted in spring 2018 and repeated in summer 2018. Results of this study showed that maize-barnyardgrass competition significantly decreased the growth of forage maize plants. For instance, barnyardgrass decreased the maize plant height by 11.9-16.9%, leaf length by 13.3-20.2%, leaf width by 20.2-27.4%, and number of leaves by 14.3-25.0%. Fresh and dry weights of maize plants were also significantly decreased as a result of weed-crop competition. Barnyardgrass decreased the shoot fresh weight (30.7-60.6%), shoot dry weight (33.3-52.2%), leaf fresh weight (33.4-56.5%) and leaf dry weight (31.9-50.0%) of the maize plants. An interactive effect of weed × maize cultivars was found non-significant. Forage maize cultivars also varied occasionally for their traits. Nevertheless, ADA-523 had a higher plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight than the cultivars AGA and SASA-5. On the other hand, the cultivar SASA-5 had a higher shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root fresh weight than the other cultivars in the study. This research work concluded that the forage maize cultivars in the study did not vary for the weed-competitive ability. Further, barnyardgrass-maize competition could decrease the growth and development of the maize cultivars.
Finding the Truth Behind the Language
Authors: Muji Muji
Published: January 2020

Finding the truth of the behavior expressed through language is not easy. It is due to the meaningless expression that the speaker tends to use. It often appears irrelevant as the first intention was A, but the meaning then referred to B, C, D or even E. Both spoken and written languages sometimes do not reflect the actions being done as in a debate, interview, advertisement, and poster, the content does not match what the speaker tried to deliver. In other words, the meaning expressed or written is uncertain. Through the phenomenological research, it is found to be a problematic language. Through the act of understanding the meaning and its connection to people in certain situations, they could try to express a variety of languages. Through the observation, interview and documentation, the data were found as (1) "Although this movie was produced based on a request, G30S / PKI betrayal film is not cheap work. The film has a structured dramatism that combined the documentary and theatrical aspects. "(2)" Unrevealing the G30S / PKI Film Controversy in 1965, and 3 Eternal Facts "(3)" Which means that every person is able to talk about the 1965 incident and to make their own version of the story,” said Seno. The word “order”, “controversy” and “version” indicated as formal markers that those statements pointed to the G30S / PKI film which is doubted in terms of its value (thematic domain {Spradley's term}). The data analysis in which strengthened by the language functions can be used to hide certain behaviors that someone did. In this context, the search for the ultimate truth hidden behind the language is not sufficiently supported by oral, written, and drawing/photograph, but it is important to have people who were as the perpetrators, witnesses, or victims’ family. This statement is also considered as criticism and suggestion to avoid bias appeared in the language.
Evaluating Cognitive Presence to Observe Community of Inquiry Forming Process
Authors: Terra Indira Wahyu Alfa , Wonorahardjo Surjani , Suharti Suharti
Published: January 2020

Community of Inquiry is a community formed in blended learning. One aspect of the inquiry community is cognitive presence. Cognitive presence shows that there is a cognitive process that occurs in students who take part in blended learning. This research is a qualitative descriptive study conducted on 30 chemistry students in the third year. This research was conducted using cognitive presence observation sheets from each phases of the community of inquiry. Cognitive presence phases are triggering events, exploration, integration, and application. The results shows that blended learning had been carried out in forming process of community of inquiry. The triggering event phase is carried out at the initial face-to-face meeting. Students begin to get an initial overview of the material. In addition students get material and discussion topics to be studied. At the exploratio stage students discuss in small groups simultaneously. The integration phase is carried out during class discussions between students and teachers in e-learning forums. The application phase is carried out at the end of learning as indicated by the development of research designs by students.
Literacy Strengthening as Character Education through Mamaca Tradition of Madurese Community in Sumenep
Authors: Dewi Agustina , Sofyan Akhmad , Panakajaya Panakajaya , Angelina Dewi
Published: January 2020

Mamaca belongs to the tradition of Madurese community in which it is conducted by singing the poetry text. This explanation ensures that mamaca uses a beautiful language. The stories contained in mamaca text are very diverse, some are taken from babad story, the stories of the prophets, the stories of historical figures, and fictional stories or figures containing petotor or advices. Based on the diverse contents written on the texts, it makes mamaca plays an important role in the existence and influence on oral mamaca tradition in Madurese community. Its existence in the community is done by strengthening the literacy through mamaca. Literacy strengthening through mamaca was expected to become a medium in strengthening the character of Madurese community, especially by delivering the religious values. Qualitative method was applied in this reserach to understand a social phenomenon holistically (as a whole). This qualitative method allowed us to understand and view people as they expressed their views of themselves.
Влияние регулятора роста Лостор на урожайность чеснока
Authors: Polykov A.V. , Alekseeva T.V. , Loginov S.V. , Storozhenko P.A.
Published: January 2020

Установлено, что двукратная обработка вегетирующих растений чеснока озимого регулятором роста Лостор в концентрации 0,1 г/л способствует повышению урожайности на 15,9 по сравнению с контролем и на 8,7 по сравнению с Энергией М, а также повышению массы луковиц на 18,4 по сравнению с контролем и на 12,0 по сравнению с эталоном. Предпосадочная обработка зубков чеснока ярового с последующей двукратной обработкой вегетирующих растений способствует повышению урожайности луковиц на 28,9 по сравнению с контролем и на 13,8 по сравнению с эталоном, а также повышению массы луковиц на 27,8 по сравнению с контролем и на 14,3 по сравнению с эталоном.

It was found that double treatment of winter garlic vegetating plants with the growth regulator Lostor at a concentration of 0.1 g/l resulted an increase in yield by 15.9 compared to the control and by 8.7 compared to the Energia M, as well as an increase in the mass of bulbs by 18.4 compared to the control and by 12.0 compared to the standard. Preplanting treatment of spring garlic cloves followed by double treatment of vegetative plants resulted an increase in the yield of bulbs by 28.9 compared to the control and 13.8 compared to the standard, as well as an increase in the weight of bulbs by 27.8 compared to the control and 14.3 compared to the standard.
Селекцияфитофтороустойчивыхсортовкартофеля
Authors: Basiev S.S. , Bolieva Z.A. , Kozaeva D.P. , Pliev I.G.
Published: January 2020

В результате селекционной работы в питомниках сеянцевI, II, III годов, питомниках предварительного, основного и конкурсного испытаний были выделены гибриды, отвечающие модели сорта, обладающие признаками высокой продуктивности, товарностью свыше 90, правильной формой клубня. Гибриды 10.11/765 и 10.3/228 сданы в Госсорткомиссию на признание селекционного достижения как сортов с названиями Осетинский и Горский 17 . Гибриды 10.11/770, 10.11/926, 10.11/927, 10.11/1136 прошли лабораторные испытания по раку и золотистой картофельной нематоде от одного до двух лет и готовятся для сдачи на первое полевое испытание. Гибриды 10.11/181, 10.4/316, 11.26/274 проходят испытание на рак и картофельную нематоду.

As a result of breeding work in nurseries of seedlings of I, II, III years, nurseries of preliminary, main and competitive tests, hybrids were identified that meet the model of the variety with signs of high productivity, marketability of over 90, the correct form of the tuber. Hybrids 10.11/765 and 10.3/228 handed over to the state Commission for the recognition of selection achievements as varieties with the names Osetinskiy and Gorskiy 17. Hybrids 10.11/770, 10.11/926, 10.11/927, 10.11/1136 they have been laboratory tested for cancer and Golden potato nematode for one to two years and are being prepared for the first field test. Hybrids 10.11/181, 10.4/316, 11.26/274 they are tested for cancer and potato nematode.
Сортакартофеля,адаптированныекусловиямСевера
Authors: Tulinov A.G. , Lobanov A.Y. , Shlyk M.Y. , Kosolapova T.V.
Published: January 2020

Приведены основные результаты оценки адаптированных к условиям Севера сортов картофеля, сочетающих высокую урожайность и качество клубней, а также устойчивость к болезням. В питомниках конкурсного испытаний (2016 2018 годы) было изучено два сорта Зырянец и Вычегодский в сравнении со стандартным районированным в Республике Коми сортом Невский (среднеранний) и рекомендованным сортом Удача (раннеспелый). Новые сорта картофеля имеют следующие характеристики: урожайность 29,7 29,9 т/га, содержание крахмала 15,2 18,8, высокая устойчивость к грибным болезням (фитофтороз, альтернариоз) и рекомендуются к возделыванию вI Северном иIX Уральском регионах Российской Федерации.

The article presents the main results of the assessment of potato varieties adapted to the conditions of the North, combining high yield and quality of tubers, as well as resistance to diseases. In the nurseries of competition tests (20162018), 2 varieties were studied Zyryanets and Vychegodsky in comparison with the standard Nevsky (medium early) variety zoned in the Komi Republic and the recommended variety Udacha (early ripe). As a result of field studies, new potato varieties have the following characteristics: yield 29.729.9 t/ha, starch content 15.218.8, high resistance to fungal diseases (late blight, alternaria) and recommended cultivation in the I North and IX Ural regions of the Russian Federation.
Результаты сортоиспытания сортов и гибридов редиса
Authors: Mironov A.A. , Ushanov A.A. , Egorov K.A. , Alekseev A.E.
Published: January 2020

В условиях весеннего оборота в пленочных необогреваемых теплицах дана оценка урожайных качеств наиболее выращиваемых сортов и гибридов. Выделены сорта (Французский завтрак и Соренто) гибриды (F1 Вена, F1 Донар и F1 Глориет), при одинаковой агротехнике и периоде вегетации, по сравнению с конкурентами, дающие наибольшую массу корнеплода.

In conditions in film greenhouses, the yield characteristics of the most cultivated varieties and hybrids were assessed. The varieties (French breakfast and Sorento) and hybrids (F1 Vienna, F1 Donar and F1 Gloriet) are distinguished, with the same agricultural technology and growing season, compared with competitors, giving maximum mass of root.
Методы и устройства для оценки пригодности сортов и гибридов картофеля к механизированной уборке
Authors: Zernov V.N. , Petukhov S.N.
Published: January 2020

В представленном материале на основе анализа литературных источников доказано генетическое наследование устойчивости сортов картофеля к механическим повреждениям, показано влияние повреждений клубней на их качество и сохранность, а также необходимость разработки методики и устройств, позволяющих вести направленную селекцию сортов, пригодных к механизированной уборке. Проанализированы методы и средства оценки пригодности сортов и гибридов картофеля к механизированной уборке. Выявлено, что истинная оценка повреждаемости сортов картофеля определяется в полевых условиях при реальной машинной уборке.

In the presented material on the basis of the analysis of references genetic inheritance of a potato varieties resistance to mechanical damages is proved, influence of damages of tubers on their quality and suitability for storage, and also necessity of working out of a technique and the devices is shown, allowing to conduct a controlled breeding of varieties, suitable to a mechanical harvesting. Methods and equipments for an estimation of potato varieties and hybrids suitability to a mechanical harvesting are analysed. It is proven that true rating of potato varieties damageability is defined in field conditions at practical machine harvesting.
Испытание сортов картофеля в условиях Астраханской области
Authors: Boeva T.V. , Bairambekov Sh.B. , Sokolov A.S.
Published: January 2020

Для почвенноклиматических условий Астраханской области были выделены перспективные, с высокой товарностью сорта картофеля, обладающие высокой урожайностью, потребительскими качествами и представляющие интерес для с.х. товаропроизводителей и дальнейшей научной работы: Гулливер, Лига, Ред Скарлетт, Джувел, Импала, Аксения, Удача и Ред Соня.

For soil and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region were identified promising, with high marketability potato varieties with high yields, consumer qualities and of interest to agricultural producers and further research: Gulliver, League, Red Scarlett, Jewel, Impala, Aksenia, Udacha and Red Sonya.
Томаты на юге России
Authors: Chernova T.V. , Ognev V.V. , Korsunov E.I.
Published: January 2020

Дан анализ значения овощных культур на примере томата на юге России. Показан вклад Агрохолдинга Поиск в создание сортимента томата для юга России. Определены перспективы создания новых отечественных гибридов томата с высокими потребительскими качествами.

An analysis of the importance of vegetable crops on the example of tomato in southern Russia is given. The contribution of the Poisk Agro holding in the creation of tomato variety for southern Russia is shown. Prospects for the breeding of new domestic hybrids of tomato with high consumer qualities are determined.
Хранение семенного картофеля с использованием химических и физических методов воздействия на клубни
Authors: Maltsev S.V. , Abrosimov D.V. , Abashkin O.V.
Published: January 2020

Отражены результаты исследований влияния фитогормона этилена и гамма-облучения 60Co на интенсивность прорастания семенных клубней картофеля, рост и развитие растений, число стеблей и клубней на куст, урожайность и структуру урожая. Обработка семенных клубней картофеля этиленом позволила увеличить общую урожайность картофеля в зависимости от сорта, района выращивания и применения орошения на 9,9–19,0% (1,2–6,4 т/га).

The article reveals the results of studies the phytohormone ethylene and gamma-irradiation (60Co) and its influence on seed germination, plant growth and development, number of stems and tubers per plant, yield and structure of yield. Treatment of seed potato tubers with ethylene allowed to increase the total yield of potatoes depending on the variety, area of cultivation and application of irrigation by 9.9–19.0% (1.2–6.4 t/ha).
Подбор и оценка исходного материала в селекции картофеля на пригодность к переработке
Authors: Gaizatulin A.S. , Mityushkin A.V. , Zhuravlev A.A. , Mityushkin A.V. , Salyukov S.S. , Ovechkin S.V. , Simakov E.A.
Published: January 2020

Представлены результаты оценки сортообразцов картофеля, потенциально пригодных к переработке на картофелепродукты по комплексу хозяйственно полезных признаков и выделены родительские формы для включения в различные комбинации скрещивания. Проведена оценка гибридных популяций от скрещивания родительских форм с различной степенью пригодности к переработке на основе анализа частоты встречаемости пригодных генотипов среди гибридов 1го клубневого поколения по цвету ломтиков хрустящего картофеля и содержанию редуцирующих сахаров в клубнях в динамике зимневесеннего холодного хранения (t 23 С). Установлено, что эффективность отбора пригодных гибридов, не требующих рекондиционирования, зависит от генотипа родительских форм и направления использования их в качестве компонентов скрещивания.

The results of the evaluation of potato variety samples potentially suitable for processing into potato products on a complex of economically useful features are presented and parental forms for inclusion in various combinations of crossing are identified. Assessed in hybrid populations by crossing parental forms with different degrees of suitability for processing into potato products. The frequency of genotypes occurrence among hybrids of the 1st generation of tubers suitable for processing by the color of crispy potato slices and the content of reducing sugars in tubers in the dynamics of winterspring cold storage (t23 C) was analyzed. It is established that the efficiency of selection of suitable hybrids that do not require conditioning depends on the genotype of parental forms and the direction of their use as components of crossing.
Возделывание картофеля в кормовом севообороте на дерново-подзолистой почве Севера
Authors: Chebotarev N.T. , Konkin P.I. , Yudin A.A. , Mikusheva E.N.
Published: January 2020

Определено положительное влияние совместного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на продуктивность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Условный чистый доход составил 72,6 тыс. р/га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,9 тыс. р., рентабельность – 246,9%.

The positive effect of the combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the productivity and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of sod-podzolic medium-cultivated soil in the Komi Republic was determined. It is established that the optimal method of potato fertilizer in the fodder crop rotation is a complex application of organic and mineral fertilizers. At the same time, a significant yield of tubers with high quality was obtained.
Совершенствование овощеводческих технологий в открытом грунте
Authors: Irkov I.I. , Borisov V.A.
Published: January 2020

В статье изложены особенности современных овощеводческих технологий открытого грунта. Дан анализ комплекса овощеводческих машин и приведены варианты их модернизации. Обоснована наиболее оптимальная система полива и фертигации, питания растений, применения комплекса машин и другие обязательные элементы современного высокотехнологического овощеводства.

The article describes the features of modern vegetablegrowing technologies in open ground. An analysis of a complex of vegetable growing machines is given and options for their modernization are outlined. The most optimal system of irrigation and fertigation, plant nutrition the use of complex machines and other mandatory elements of modern hightech vegetable growing.
Розовая гниль картофеля опасное заболевание для южных регионов России
Authors: Erohova M.D. , Kuznecova M.A.
Published: January 2020

Описано такое заболевание картофеля как розовая гниль картофеля, вызываемое оомицетом Phytophthora erythroseptica. Показаны симптомы заболевания и присутствие возбудителей этого патогена в России и мире. Рекомендовано в случае появления Phytophthora erythroseptica на полях и в картофелехранилищах проведение комплекса мероприятий в рамках интегрированной системы защиты от этого заболевания.

Described this disease of the potato pink rot of potatoes caused by Phytophthora erythroseptica oomycetes. The symptoms of the disease and the presence of pathogens of this pathogen in Russia and the world are shown. In case of emerging of Phytophthora erythroseptica in fields and potato storages, the Integrated Disease Management against this pest needs implementing.
Морковь и тыква мускатная на снеки
Authors: Osmolovskii P.D. , Kornev A.V. , Vorobeva N.N. , Piskunova N.A. , Ignatieva S.L. , Nemenushchaya L.A.
Published: January 2020

Проведена оценка сортообразцов моркови столовой и тыквы мускатной и установлена их пригодность для получения натуральной высококачественной снековой продукции с высоким содержанием каротиноидов: β-каротин в готовом продукте сохранялся на 82,78–87,09% у сортов тыквы и на 81,91% у оранжевой моркови 690В, а лютеин – на 83,17% у желтой моркови П1.

The evaluation of varieties of carrots and pumpkin has been carried out and their suitability for obtaining natural high-quality snack products with a high content of carotenoids has been established.
Гетерозисные F1 гибриды кабачка
Authors: Medvedev A.V. , Kuzmin S.V. , Tikhonova A.V. , Bukharov A.F.
Published: January 2020

Проведено изучение линий и гибридных комбинаций кабачка селекции Крымской ОСС – филиала ВИР. Выявлены линии с высокой общей комбинационной способностью по общей урожайности – Ар3 и Бл12 и по ранней урожайности – К5 и Бл12. В результате сортоиспытания новых гетерозисных
F1 гибридов кабачка выделены образцы с высокой урожайностью, выше 50 т/га (F1 Ар3 × Д1, F1 Бл12 × Д1, F1 Бл12 × Ар3), устойчивостью к мучнистой росе и ВОМ-1 (F1 Ар3 × Д1) и другими хозяйственно ценными свойствами.

The study of the lines and hybrid combinations of the vegetable marrow breeding branch of the Krymsk EBS – ARRIP Branch is conducted. Lines with a high overall combining ability were revealed for the total yield – the line Аr3 and Bl12 and for the early yield – К5 and Bl12 are ascertained. As a result of varietal testing new F1 hybrids of the vegetable marrow, samples with high yields, above 50 t/ha (F1 Ar3 × D1, F1 Bl12 × D1, F1 Bl12 × Ap3), powdery mildew resistance and CMV-1 (F1 Ar3 × D1), other economically valuable properties were allocated.
Вредоносность патокомплекса Fusarium – Alternaria в посадках картофеля
Authors: Prikhodko E.S. , Smirnov A.N.
Published: January 2020

Статья посвящена описанию особо опасной болезни картофеля сопряженному трахеомикозному увяданию, вызываемому патокомплексом грибов родов Fusarium и Alternaria на фоне контрастных метеоусловий: обильные осадки (две декады) и засушливые условия (две декады). Заболевание ведет к критическим потерям урожая картофеля. Защитные мероприятия против данного заболевания картофеля должны сочетать нормированное орошение при установлении засушливой погоды не менее 710 суток с применением смесей биопрепаратов и органоминеральных удобрений.

The paper is devoted to very dangerous potato disease combined potato wilt caused with pathocomplex of fungi from genera Fusarium and Alternaria on the base of contrasted meteorological conditions: strong rains (during two decades) and dried conditions (during also two decades). The disease leads to crucial potato yield loss. Protective measures against this disease should include scheduled irrigation at dried weather not less than for 710 days with application of mixtures of biopreparations and organic mineralized fertilizers.
Перец сладкий стратегия роста
Authors: Ognev V.V. , Chernova T.V. , Kostenko A.N. , Geraskina N.V. , Poltavskii N.A.
Published: January 2020

Представлены современное состояние и перспективы производства и потребления перца сладкого в России. Показан вклад селекции в совершенствование сортимента перца сладкого. Подчеркнута ведущая роль сортов и гибридов этой культуры в росте урожайности и повышении качества продукции. Дано описание перспективных F1 гибридов перца сладкого селекции Агрохолдинга Поиск .

Presented the current state and prospects of sweet pepper production and consumption in Russia. The contribution of breeding in the improvement of the sweet pepper variety is shown. The leading role of varieties and hybrids of this crop in increasing yields and improving product quality is emphasized. Description of promising hybrids sweet pepper breeding of Poisk Agro holding.
Летние посевы свеклы столовой на юге России
Authors: Kuksa L.A. , Timakova L.N. , Khovrin A.N.
Published: January 2020

Полевые опыты в условиях юга России позволили уточнить технологические приемы возделывания свеклы столовой. Оптимальный срок посева свеклы столовой для получения корнеплодов с высокой товарностью и закладки их на зимнее хранение в условиях Ростовской области 5 15 июля. При посеве в этот срок улучшается качество корнеплодов, а выход товарной продукции составляет 84 90.

In the conditions of field experiments the technological methods of seed growing of table beet in the conditions of the South of Russia are specified. The optimal period of red beet sowing for root crops with high marketability producing for winter storage in the Rostov region is 5 15 of July. When sowing in this period, the quality of root crops improves, and the yield of marketable products is 84 90.
Уборка моркови: снижение трудозатрат и повреждаемости
Authors: Romanovskii N.V. , Irkov I.I.
Published: January 2020

Дан анализ трудозатрат по технологическим операциям, входящим в процесс механизированной уборки корнеплодов моркови столовой, и рекомендации по их минимизации. Приведено описание конструкции прицепаконтейнеровоза, обеспечивающего снижение повреждаемости продукции при загрузке в контейнеры в 1,82,0 раза. Оптимизация технологических операций в уборочный период позволяет снизить трудозатраты на уборке не менее чем на 50 и довести их до 100120 чел.ч/га.

The analysis of labor costs on the technological operations included in the process of harvesting of root crops of carrots and recommendations for their reduction. The description of the construction of the trailercontainer carrier, ensure the reduction of damage to products when being loaded into the containers in 1,82,0 times. Optimization of technological operations in the harvesting period allows to reduce labor costs for cleaning by at least 50 and bring them to 100120 peopleh/ha.
Подходы к селекции томата для различных типов малообъемной технологии
Authors: Eroshevskaya A.S. , Tereshonkova T.A. , Khaled F. , Leunov V.I.
Published: January 2020

Рассмотрен ряд направлений селекции томата для условий малообъемной технологии. Сформулированы основные этапы селекционной работы с культурой томата для технологии Фитопирамида многоярусной трубной вегетационной установки, предназначенной для гидропонного выращивания растений. Указаны обязательные требования к гибридам томата, предназначенным для выращивания на таком типе вегетационных установок.

A number of tomato breeding directions for a smallvolume technology are considered. The main stages of breeding work with tomatoes for Fitopiramida technology multitier tube vegetation installation for hydroponic plant growing are defined. The mandatory requirements for tomato hybrids intended for cultivation on this type of vegetation plants are specified.
Риски распространения в РФ новых вирусных и бактериальных болезней овощных культур через предприятия защищенного грунта
Authors: Ignatov A.N. , Chelidze G.G. , Vorobyova K.S.
Published: January 2020

Основные пути проникновения новых видов и форм микроорганизмов на предприятия защищенного грунта – семена и посадочный материал, включая рассаду, произведенную в других предприятиях, готовая продукция из других регионов и стран, складируемая в пределах тепличных хозяйств, вода для полива и приготовления рабочего раствора в гидропонной культуре, и иногда – рабочие в теплицах, контактировавшие с зараженными растениями вне хозяйства. Главная проблема выявления источника заражения – длительный инкубационный период для вирусных и бактериальных болезней и необходимость инструментальных методов (ИФА, ПЦР) идентификации патогена.

Seeds, planting material, including seedlings produced in other greenhouses, warehouse products from other regions and countries, stored within greenhouses facilities, water used for irrigation and preparation of working solution in hydroponic plant culture, and sometimes – workers in greenhouses with direct contact with infected plants outside the greenhouses were the main ways of introduction of new plant diseases. A long incubation period for viruses and bacterial diseases, instrumental methods (ELISA, PCR) needed to identify the pathogen are the main problems of correct identification for the source of infection.
ХимическийсоставпродукцииRaphanusindicusвзависимостиотнекорневыхмикроэлементныхподкормок
Authors: Eliseeva O.V. , Eliseev A.F.
Published: January 2020

Представлены результаты исследований по изучению влияния некорневых обработок растений редьки индийской растворами хромокалиевых квасцов и селенита натрия. Показано, что растения редьки индийской поразному реагировали на некорневые подкормки хромом и селеном. Разная реакция растений отмечена в таких показателях качества продукции, как содержание сухого вещества, сухих растворимых веществ и аскорбиновой кислоты.

This article presents the results of research into the influence of Raphanus indicus Sinsk. topdressing with the solutions of chromic potassium alum and sodium selenite. It is demonstrated that the plants reacted differently on the topdressing with chromium and selenium. Different reaction of plants was noticed in such quality markers as dry matter, dry soluble matter and ascorbic acid contents.
Стандарт организации на типовой технологический процесс производства семян репы (пересадочная культура)
Authors: Ibragimbekov M.G. , Pavlov L.V. , Khovrin A.N. , Shilo L.M. , Leunov V.I.
Published: January 2020

В материале приводятся данные о разработанном ФГБНУ ФНЦО проекте стандарта организации на типовой технологический процесс производства семян репы при пересадочной культуре. Установлены требования к выполнению технологических операций при производстве семян репы при пересадочной культуре: посев, уход за растениями, уборка и послеуборочная доработка и др.

The material provides data on the draft standard of the organization developed by the FSBSI FSVC for the typical technological process of production of turnip seeds in transplanting culture. Established requirements for business operations in the production of turnip seed at interchange culture: planting, plant care, harvesting and post-harvest improvement etc.
Engineering High Energy Density Sodium Battery Anodes for Improved Cycling with Superconcentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Rakov Dmitrii A. , Chen Fangfang , Ferdousi Shammi A. , Li Hua , Pathirana Thushan , Simonov Alexandr , Howlett Patrick C. , Atkin Rob , Forsyth Maria
Published: January 2020

Non-uniform metal deposition and dendrite formation in high density energy storage devices reduces the efficiency, safety, and life of batteries with metal anodes. Superconcentrated ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes (e.g. 1:1 IL:alkali ion) coupled with anode preconditioning at more negative potentials can completely mitigate these issues, and therefore revolutionize high density energy storage devices. However, the mechanisms by which very high salt concentration and preconditioning potential enable uniform metal deposition and prevent dendrite formation at the metal anode during cycling are poorly understood, and therefore not optimized. Here, we use atomic-force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to unravel the influence of these factors on the interface chemistry in a sodium electrolyte, demonstrating how a molten salt like structure at the electrode surface results in dendrite free metal cycling at higher rates. Such a structure will support the formation of a more favorable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) accepted as being a critical factor in stable battery cycling. This new understanding will enable engineering of efficient anode electrodes by tuning interfacial nanostructure via salt concentration and high voltage preconditioning.
A Chemically Soldered Polyoxometalate Single-Molecule Transistor
Authors: Wu Chuanli , Qiao Xiaohang , Robertson Craig M. , Higgins Simon , Cai Chenxin , Nichols Richard , Vezzoli Andrea
Published: January 2020

Polyoxometalates have been proposed in the literature as promising components for nanoelectronic applications, where they could offer key advantages with their structural versatility and rich electrochemistry. Apart from a few studies on their ensemble behaviour (for instance, as monolayers or thin films) this potential remains largely unexplored. We synthesised a pyridyl-capped Anderson-Evans polyoxometalate and used it to fabricate single-molecule junctions, by using the organic termini to chemically “solder” a single metal oxide cluster to two nanoelectrodes through coordination bonds. Operating the device in an electrochemical environment allowed us to probe charge transport through different oxidation states of the polyoxometalate, and we report here an efficient three-state transistor behaviour. Conductance data fits a quantum tunnelling transport mechanism, with charge having different tunnelling probabilities through different oxidation states of the polyoxometalate. Our results show the promise of such compounds in nanoelectronics, and are, to our best knowledge, the first report on the single-entity electrochemical behaviour of polyoxometalates.
Influence of Network Topology on the Viscoelastic Properties of Dynamically Crosslinked Hydrogels
Authors: Grad Emilia M. , Tunn Isabell , Voerman Dion , de Léon Alberto S. , Hammink Roel , Blank Kerstin
Published: January 2020

Biological materials combine stress relaxation and self-healing with non-linear stress-strain responses. These characteristic features are a direct result of hierarchical self-assembly, which often results in fiber-like architectures. Even though structural knowledge is rapidly increasing, it has remained a challenge to establish relationships between microscopic and macroscopic structure and function. Here, we focus on understanding how network topology determines the viscoelastic properties, i.e. stress relaxation, of biomimetic hydrogels. We have dynamically crosslinked two different synthetic polymers with one and the same crosslink. The first polymer, a polyisocyanopeptide (PIC), self-assembles into semi-flexible, fiber-like bundles and thus displays stress-stiffening, similar to many biopolymer networks. The second polymer, 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG), serves as a reference network with well-characterized structural and viscoelastic properties. Using one and the same coiled coil crosslink allows us to decouple the effects of crosslink kinetics and network topology on the stress relaxation behavior of the resulting hydrogel networks. We show that the fiber-containing PIC network displays a relaxation time approximately two orders of magnitude slower than the starPEG network. This reveals that crosslink kinetics is not the only determinant for stress relaxation. Instead, we propose that the different network topologies determine the ability of elastically active network chains to relax stress. In the starPEG network, each elastically active chain contains exactly one crosslink. In the absence of entanglements, crosslink dissociation thus relaxes the entire chain. In contrast, each polymer is crosslinked to the fiber bundle in multiple positions in the PIC hydrogel. The dissociation of a single crosslink is thus not sufficient for chain relaxation. This suggests that tuning the number of crosslinks per elastically active chain in combination with crosslink kinetics is a powerful design principle for tuning stress relaxation in polymeric materials. The presence of a higher number of crosslinks per elastically active chain thus yields materials with a slow macroscopic relaxation time but fast dynamics at the microscopic level. Using this principle for the design of synthetic cell culture matrices will yield materials with excellent long-term stability combined with the ability to locally reorganize, thus facilitating cell motility, spreading and growth.
Conformational Flexibility Enhances Sensitivity in Fluorescein-Based Voltage Indicators
Authors: Boggess Steven , Lazzari-Dean Julia , Raliski Benjamin , Mun Dong Min , Li Amy , Miller Evan
Published: January 2020

Voltage imaging with fluorescent indicators offers a powerful complement to traditional electrode or Ca2+-imaging approaches to monitoring electrical activity. Small molecule fluorescent indicators present the unique opportunity for exquisite control over molecular structure, enabling detailed investigations of structure/function relationships. In this paper, we examine the use of conformationally-restricted aniline donors within the context of photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) based voltage indicators. We describe the design and synthesis of four new voltage-sensitive fluorophores (VoltageFluors, or VF dyes). We pair these new indicators with existing VF dyes to construct a library of voltage indicators with varying conformations about the dihedral angle between the nitrogen lone pair and the aromatic ring. Using a combination of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, cellular electrophysiology, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and functional imaging in mammalian neurons and human cardiomyocytes, we show that differences in voltage sensitivity within aniline-modified VF dyes span an order of magnitude. Annulated anilines show high levels of PeT and low voltage sensitivity, while sterically-congested anilines whose lone pairs do not couple to the aromatic π system are exceptionally bright and display little voltage sensitivity. Conformationally flexible anilines possess the highest absolute voltage sensitivity. Measured using FLIM in patch-clamped HEK cells, we find that voltage sensitivity of the fluorescence lifetime provides the best predictor of performance in cellular systems. By comparing in-depth photophysical characterization with performance in action potential detection, we establish a detailed link between probe conformation and the ability to report on membrane potential dynamics with high fidelity.
Cyanidin prevents hippocampal cell death and promotes astrocytosis in kainic acid-induced neurodegeneration
Authors: Sitthisak Thongrong  , Ratchaniporn Kongsui  , Napatr Sriraksa
Published: January 2020

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the non-communicable diseases characterized by dentate granule cell dispersion (GCD) and the loss of the CA1 and CA3 neurons. This study investigated the effects of cyanidin on neurodegeneration after KA injection. Male Wistar rats were divided into a saline-injected group as a control, KA alone and cyanidin treated group at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW seven days before and after KA injection. The histomorphological analysis revealed that GCD was reduced in the ipsilateral hippocampus of cyanidin treated group when compared with KA alone (P<0.05). There was no neurodegeneration observed in the contralateral hippocampus. In contrast, neuronal degeneration was limited in the ipsilateral CA1 (P<0.01) and the hilar interneurons (P<0.001) of cyanidin treated group when compared with KA alone. However, there was no significant difference in the number of CA3 neurons of the ipsilateral between KA alone and cyanidin treated group. GFAP staining revealed a higher number of reactive astrocytes in the ipsilateral hilus (P<0.001) and molecular layer (P<0.05) of cyanidin treated group when compared with KA alone. Taken together, cyanidin could prevent neurodegeneration and promote astrocyte proliferation as well as mitigated GCD following KA-induced hippocampal injury.
A főszerkesztő előszava
Authors: Fodor László
Published: January 2020

A főszerkesztő előszavában ismerteti az adott lapszám tartalmát, a cikkekről szóló, 5-6 soros leírások (annotációk) formájában. A folyóiratot érintő, legújabb változások mellett itt kap helyet a hátsó borítón szereplő, latin mondás magyarázata is.
Physico – Chemical Analysis of the Water Samples of the River Cauvery In Dharmapuri and Tiruchirappalli Districts
Authors: Ananthalakshmi.S  , Prabakar.S
Published: January 2020

Water pollution is a serious problem in India as almost 70 percent of surface water resources and a growing percentage of groundwater reserves are contaminated by biological, toxic, organic, and inorganic pollutants. Due to industrial development and growing population the river met the challenges of pollution. In this context, the quality of surface water at Hogenakkal in Dharmapuri and Mokkombu in Tiruchirappalli has been studied. Water samples were collected in the river bank of River Cauvery near Hogenakkal in Dharmapuri District and near Mukkombu in Tiruchirappalli District and were analyzed. All the parameters are found to be in minimum level. The results showed that even though there are many possibilities for contamination the water samples in the study area are not highly polluted and the water is fit for drinking and irrigation purposes.
Growth and characterisation of sodium thiourea nitrate for optical crystal
Authors: Sakthi.P  , Rajasekaran.R
Published: January 2020

Sodium thiourea nitrate (STN) a semi organic optical crystal was grown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The cell parameter value and crystal structure was determined Single crystal Xray diffraction study. Presence functional group was identified FTIR study. The cut-off wavelength was determined UV-visible transmission spectrum study. The mechanical strength was analysis using Vicker’s microhardness test.
Human Rights and Decolonisation
Authors: Quentin-Baxter Alison
Published: January 2020

This article provides a brief introduction to Professor RQ Quentin-Baxter and Alison Quentin-Baxter's papers found in this journal. They reveal insights which the authors derived from their personal involvement in areas of both national and international decision-making: the international implementation of human rights, and the transformation of Niue from its position as a colony to a self-governing state in a relationship of free association with New Zealand.
The Profession and the Teaching of Law
Authors: McGechan R O
Published: January 2020

The following paper was given by Professor McGechan to the Dominion Law Conference held in April 1947.
An American Looks at Legal Education in New Zealand
Authors: Dunham Allison
Published: January 2020

This article undertakes an informal comparison between legal education in the United States and in New Zealand. Dunham compares the admission process, the content taught at law school, the methods of instruction, law office practice for students, and the student makeup. The author concludes that no system of legal education is best, and that it is important to continue to ask how legal education can be improved.
The University and the Profession
Authors: Adamson J
Published: January 2020

This address was given at the Second Annual Legal Conference, held at Wellington, 3-5 April 1929. It followed an address by the then Attorney-General T K Sidey on legal education, an address which not only summarised the meagre nature of formal educational requirements to become a New Zealand lawyer, but directly compared them to that in the United States.
The Ancient Maori System of Land Tenures
Authors: Acheson F O V
Published: January 2020

This article is a thesis written for the Jacob University Joseph Scholarship 1913, Victoria University College, Wellington, New Zealand. The author discusses the system of Maori land tenure and finds that the Maori possessed a definite system of land tenure that was universally recognised and almost habitually respected. Even with occasional resistance to the system, those customs were not materially affected, nor did it have any lasting effect on rights in land. The author also finds that "force" was somewhat frequently used as a means of commanding respect for rights in land, thus leading many people to mistakenly believe that "force" constituted the whole of Maori "law" and that their only law was a "Law of the Strong Arm". The author concludes that it remains for us to deal with a few of the ordinary customs under which land was actually held, leaving over the great bulk of these customs for future treatment.
Law, the Constitution and Legal Education in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Keith Kenneth J
Published: January 2020

Sir Kenneth Keith gave the lecture on which this paper is based as part of the 1999 Centennial Alumni Lecture series. Using the career of the first Dean of Law at Victoria University College as his inspiration, Sir Kenneth deals with a wide range of issues which all those in the law, be they judges, practitioners, teachers or students will have to address.
Access to Legal Education
Authors: Hogg Peter
Published: January 2020

This article was presented as a lecture on "Capital Law School Day" organised by the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies to mark the occasion of the centenary of the Faculty of Law, Victoria University of Wellington in 1999.
Reflections on the Last 50 Years of the Law and Law School
Authors: Hardie Boys Sir Michael
Published: January 2020

This paper was presented as a lecture on "Capital Law School Day" organised by the New Zealand Institute of Advanced Legal Studies to mark the occasion of the centenary of the Faculty of Law, Victoria University of Wellington in 1999.
Recalling the Future of ACC
Authors: Gaskins Richard
Published: January 2020

Richard Gaskins visited the Law Faculty as a Fulbright from January to August 1999 to study developments in the Accident Compensation regime. His visit coincided with the controversy surrounding the National Government’s Accident Insurance Act 1998. Professor Gaskins gave the following paper, in which he addresses the continued importance of the Woodhouse Report, at a seminar on Accident Compensation held as part of the 1999 Australasian Law Teachers' Association Conference.In the paper he highlights two important insights of the Woodhouse Report that he believes have lasting value: its linking of tort reform to social welfare and its promotion of an ecological approach to preventing accidents. Professor Gaskins concludes that both insights retain their importance and challenges legal academics to address them as well as the more narrowly based law and economic approach to accidents that has dominated legal policy and academic thought since the early 1970s.
Launch of Centennial Issue
Authors: Eichelbaum Thomas
Published: January 2020

Notes for a speech given at the Law Faculty, Victoria University of Wellington on 28 June 1999 on the occasion of the launch of the Centennial Issue of the Victoria University of Wellington Law Review. The author introduces this issue celebrating the centennial anniversary of the University. The author also provides a brief account of the history of the Law Review, congratulating all those involved thus far.
Courts and Access to Justice
Authors: Richardson I L M
Published: January 2020

(This article was presented as a lecture at the Australasian Law Teachers' Association Conference held at Victoria University of Wellington, 6 July 1999.) Ensuring access to justice is one of the most basic functions of the state. The author discusses the role and functioning of the Court of Appeal, the operation of the legal aid system in New Zealand, and the extent to which the operations of the court system should be open to the public. It is argued that any system of justice should reflect the values of its society. The author concludes that what is thought desirable in these three areas will change over time, and that there will always be a need for fine-tuning in light of societal values.