bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PerHeFed: A general framework of personalized federated learning for heterogeneous convolutional neural networks
Authors: Ma Le , Liao YuYing , Zhou Bin , Xi Wen
Published: December 2022

In conventional federated learning, each device is restricted to train a network model of the same structure. This greatly hinders the application of federated learning where the data and devices are quite heterogeneous because of their different hardware equipment and communication networks. At the same time, existing studies have shown that transmitting all of the model parameters not only has heavy communication costs, but also increases risk of privacy leakage. We propose a general framework for personalized federated learning (PerHeFed), which enables the devices to design their local model structures autonomously and share sub-models without structural restrictions. In PerHeFed, a simple-but-effective mapping relation and a novel personalized sub-model aggregation method are proposed for heterogeneous sub-models to be aggregated. By dividing the aggregations into two primitive types (i.e., inter-layer and intra-layer), PerHeFed is applicable to any combination of heterogeneous convolutional neural networks, and we believe that this can satisfy the personalized requirements of heterogeneous models. Experiments show that, compared to the state-of-the-art method (e.g., FLOP), in non-IID data sets our method compress ≈ 50% of the shared sub-model parameters with only a 4.38% drop in accuracy on SVHN dataset and on CIFAR-10, PerHeFed even achieves a 0.3% improvement in accuracy. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first general personalized federated learning framework for heterogeneous convolutional networks, even cross different networks, addressing model structure unity in conventional federated learning.
Optimization of the cooling strategy during cryogenic milling of Ti-6Al-4 V when applying a sub-zero metalworking fluid
Authors: Gutzeit Kevin , Berndt Maximilian , Schulz Jonas , Müller Daniel , Kirsch Benjamin , von Harbou Erik , Aurich Jan C.
Published: December 2022

Due to an excellent ratio of high strength to low density, as well as a strong corrosion resistance, the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4 V is widely used in industrial applications. However, Ti-6Al-4 V is also a difficult-to-cut material because of its low thermal conductivity and high chemical reactivity, especially at elevated temperatures. As a result, machining Ti-6Al-4 V is characterized by high thermal loads and a rapidly progressing thermo-chemical induced tool wear. An adequate cooling strategy is essential to reduce the thermal load and therefore tool wear. Sub-zero metalworking fluids (MWF) which are applied at liquid state but at supply temperatures below the ambient temperature, offer great potential to significantly reduce the thermal load when machining Ti-6Al-4 V. Within the presented research, systematically varied sub-zero cooling strategies are applied when milling Ti-6Al-4 V. The influences of the supply temperature, as well as the volume flow and the outlet velocity are investigated aiming at a reduction of the thermal loads that occur during milling. The milling experiments were recorded using high-speed cameras in order to characterize the impact of the cooling strategies and resolve the behavior of the MWF. Additionally, the novel sub-zero cooling approach is compared to a cryogenic CO2 cooling strategy. The results show that the optimized sub-zero cooling strategy led to a sufficient reduction of the thermal loads and does outperform the cryogenic cooling even at elevated CO2 mass flows.
Transcriptional analysis reveals formation of axillary solitary hook in vine plant Uncaria rhynchophylla
Authors: Wan Lingyun , Pan Limei , Song Lisha , Fu Jine , Huang Qiulan , Ji Xiaowen , Wei Shugen , Zhang Zhanjiang
Published: December 2022

The hook of Uncaria rhynchophylla is an important external phenotype representing the quality of Gou-Teng. The hook formation pattern of U. rhynchophylla displays a unique feature that solitary hook and opposite hooks alternately occur in the leaf axils forming a liner series. The solitary hook only grows on the lower side of the leaf axil, resulting from the decline in the total yield of hooks. However, the reasons for solitary hook formation in U. rhynchophylla are not clear. Therefore, a survey on the molecular mechanisms of solitary hook formation needs to be performed urgently. We obtained 250.67 million high-quality clean reads from the lower side of axillary stem segments (HS) and the upper side of axillary stem segments (HSCK) libraries. We detected 42 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) between HS and HSCK libraries; 11 were down-regulated, and 31 were up-regulated. Gene ontology functional classification of the DEGs indicated that they included two genes that encoded LAZY1 related to the regulation of polar auxin transport, two genes that encoded AUX/IAA and AP2/ERF related to plant hormone signaling transduction, and two genes that encoded F3H related to the flavone synthase activity. These six genes were associated with lateral polar auxin transport (PAT) regulation, and their expression level had a high correlation with the pattern of IAA distribution upon gravity stimulation. And the inhibition of solitary hook development was observed after treatment with N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) or quercetin, which was known as the polar auxin inhibitor. The above findings might provide new information about the molecular mechanisms of regulation of lateral PAT in the axillary bud development process under gravity.
Thermoelastic analysis of semiconducting solid sphere based on modified Moore-Gibson-Thompson heat conduction with Hall Effect
Authors: Kaur Iqbal , Singh Kulvinder
Published: December 2022

The main contribution of this study is to present a unique new mathematical model of photo-thermoelastic interactions with Hall current effect in an infinite semiconducting solid sphere due to high magnetic field acting along its axis. A variable heat flux is applied to the boundary surface of a solid semiconductor sphere. A generalized modified Moore-Gibson-Thompson-Photo-Thermal (MGTPT) theory is used to express the governing equations. In the Green Nagdhi (GN III) model, a thermal relaxation parameter and carrier density parameter is introduced to obtain the new modified Moore-Gibson-Thompson equation (MGT). This mathematical model is solved using Laplace's transforms. Various components of displacement, thermodynamic temperature, conductive temperature, carrier density and axial stress as well as couple stress are obtained in the transformed domain. To get the solution in physical domain, numerical inversion techniques have been employed. The effect various thermoelasticity theories and Hall current is shown graphically on the physical quantities.
Optimizing the shape anisotropy of gold nanoparticles for enhanced light harvesting and photocatalytic applications
Authors: Antony Jibin , Bandyopadhyay Sulalit , Yang Jia , Rønning Magnus
Published: December 2022

Hybrid nanoparticles (NP) of bismutite nanodisks (BSC ND) with gold nanoparticles (Au NP) of different aspect ratios (AR), such as spheres, rods and etched rods were synthesized via a facile sonochemical method. To better control the shapes of Au NP deposited on the substrate, these were pre-synthesized prior to the deposition using a modified seed mediated growth method by altering the pH and supersaturation of the growth solution. The shift in the peak position and shape of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption band associated with fine-tuning of the shape of Au NP, led to enhanced light harvesting capabilities of the hybrid. Introducing shape anisotropy in the NP brought about narrowing of bandgap and lowering of PL intensity in the hybrids, suggesting better electronic contact of the NP with BSC, and effective suppression of recombination effects. Hybrids of BSC with Au nanorods showed 14% improved degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye compared to the hybrids with nanospheres. With this study, we provide a novel promising strategy to maximize the light harvesting capacity of semiconductors by tailoring the AR of Au NP, for improved solar to chemical energy conversion.

Graphical abstract
Imperfect Patients: Disparities in Treatment of Stroke Patients with Premorbid Disability
Authors: Cruise Cera , Mfoafo M’Carthy Nicole , Ganesh Aravind , Lashewicz Bonnie
Published: December 2022

Background:

Despite the high proportion of stroke patients with a pre-existing impairment, patients with disabilities are often excluded from stroke treatment trials. Trials are designed for “perfect patients”: patients who are functionally independent and thus generally younger with fewer comorbidities; ironically, such patients are less likely to experience stroke than those with premorbid disability. Exclusionary practices in trials may translate into disparities in stroke care in practice. Through a review of literature, our purpose is to illuminate how people with disabilities are treated across the care continuum following a stroke.

Methods:

We completed a qualitative systematized review of articles pertaining to the care of patients with premorbid disability and stroke and their outcomes. Using a critical disability studies' theoretical lens, we analyzed inequity across the stroke care continuum.

Findings:

Among 24 included studies, we found evidence that people with disabilities did not receive equitable access to treatment ranging from being admitted to stroke units to receiving post-stroke rehabilitation. However, observational studies suggest that stroke therapies may be beneficial in selected patients with disabilities when measures of success are framed more achievable (e.g. return to pre-stroke status). This leaves us concerned about how people with pre-existing impairments might be structurally disabled within current systems of stroke care.

Conclusion:

We use our critical disability studies' theoretical lens to argue that an intersectional approach to stroke treatment is much needed if we are to remedy structural inequities embedded throughout the care continuum.
Military Response to Medical Crises—Consensus Recommendations for Military–Civilian Transitions of Care
Authors: Goolsby Craig , Schuler Keke , Tilley Laura , Zebrowski Alexis , Dacuyan-Faucher Nicole , Kim Claire , Redlener Michael
Published: December 2022

Objective:

The threat that New York faced in 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded, prompted an unprecedented response. The US military deployed active-duty medical professionals and equipment to NYC in a first of its kind response to a “medical” domestic disaster. Transitions of care for patients surfaced as a key challenge. Uniformed Services University and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai hosted a consensus conference of civilian and military healthcare professionals to identify care transition best practices for future military-civilian responses.

Methods:

We performed individual interviews followed by a modified Delphi technique during a two-day virtual conference. Patient transitions of care emerged as a key theme from pre-conference interviews. Twelve participants attended the two-day virtual conference and generated best practice recommendations from an iterative process.

Results:

Participants identified 19 recommendations in 10 “sub-themes” related to patient transitions of care: needs assessment and capability analysis; unified command; equipment; patient handoffs; role of in-person facilitation; dynamic updates; patient selection; patient tracking; daily operations; and resource typing.

Conclusions:

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an unprecedented military response. This study created 19 consensus recommendations for care transitions between military and civilian healthcare assets that may be useful in future military-civilian medical engagements.
Big-Five model of personality and word formation: role of open-mindedness in semantic transparency and economy of expression
Authors: Kačmár Pavol , Körtvélyessy Lívia
Published: December 2022

As word formation can be conceptualized as an act of creativity with considerable space for differences among speakers, we present pilot research aimed at the examination of the role of Big-Five personality domains in the formation of new complex words. The sample consisted of 197 participants who underwent a word formation test and a personality assessment via The Next Big-Five Inventory. The results indicate that when ordinal regression is conducted with an aim of accounting for age and gender, open-mindedness is shown as a potentially important predictor – it positively predicted economy of expression and negatively predicted semantic transparency. Furthermore, a more nuanced approach differentiating three facets of open-mindedness shows that creative imagination predicted semantic transparency positively while esthetic sensitivity predicts semantic transparency negatively (the reverse is true for the economy of expression). These findings provide a promising starting point for future research.
ON THE FIBRES OF AN ELLIPTIC SURFACE WHERE THE RANK DOES NOT JUMP
Authors: CARO JERSON , PASTEN HECTOR
Published: December 2022

For a nonconstant elliptic surface over
$\mathbb {P}^1$
defined over
$\mathbb {Q}$
, it is a result of Silverman [‘Heights and the specialization map for families of abelian varieties’, J. reine angew. Math.342 (1983), 197–211] that the Mordell–Weil rank of the fibres is at least the rank of the group of sections, up to finitely many fibres. If the elliptic surface is nonisotrivial, one expects that this bound is an equality for infinitely many fibres, although no example is known unconditionally. Under the Bunyakovsky conjecture, such an example has been constructed by Neumann [‘Elliptische Kurven mit vorgeschriebenem Reduktionsverhalten. I’, Math. Nachr.49 (1971), 107–123] and Setzer [‘Elliptic curves of prime conductor’, J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2)10 (1975), 367–378]. In this note, we show that the Legendre elliptic surface has the desired property, conditional on the existence of infinitely many Mersenne primes.
QUISTCLOSE TRUSTS FROM A CORPORATE INSOLVENCY PERSPECTIVE: A POSITIVE AND NORMATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Hofri-Winogradow Adam S. , David Gal
Published: December 2022

Leading cases show Quistclose trusts being used by companies nearing insolvency. Their use in this context raises serious normative problems: it may prefer the beneficiary to the company's other creditors, and creates a misleading impression that trust funds are in fact free of trust. Building on the emergent normative literature on Quistclose trusts, we first examine which Quistclose trusts are currently allowed under company law and the law of corporate insolvency. We then discuss the normative question as to which Quistclose trusts should be allowed, given the principles of these branches of the law.
How we do it: using the nasion as a landmark for identifying the anterior ethmoidal artery
Authors: Patel T A , Lubbe D
Published: December 2022

Background

In severe refractory epistaxis, the anterior ethmoidal artery may need to be ligated. Previously described endonasal or transorbital approaches are not always effective, or they have suboptimal aesthetic outcomes. This paper describes a safe and effective surgical technique, with a consistent landmark allowing quick identification.

Technical description

A transcaruncular incision is made, oriented medially in the direction of the medial orbital wall towards the level of the nasion. Once onto bone, a subperiosteal plane is developed and an endoscope is used to dissect posteriorly at the level of the nasion, until the anterior ethmoidal artery is identified, and subsequently ligated.

Conclusion

The nasion is an easy, constant landmark to use for ligation of the anterior ethmoidal artery in refractory epistaxis. The traditional method of identifying the anterior ethmoidal artery is not applicable or constant enough for use during the transorbital approach. The described technique avoids injury to surrounding structures and has a satisfactory aesthetic outcome.
Mining tourism in abandoned and existing mines in the Swedish Far North
Authors: Byström Joakim
Published: December 2022

The Swedish North is sometimes described as a resource periphery, while others choose to label it a pleasure periphery. Regardless of the terms used, the region is characterised by problems such as out-migration and demographic issues. This study investigates why there are such different perceptions of the same area, and whether there is any contradiction between extractive resource industries and the tourism industry. This is done by collecting visitor data from mining companies and conducting interviews with a variety of respondents in three mining communities in northern Sweden. Mining tourism is a phenomenon occurring in this region and can be regarded as a context in which the two main narratives meet while being a rather overlooked form of tourism. This is partly due to the low level of knowledge regarding its impacts, but also to a somewhat established idea of mining tourism as a “bad” form of tourism. Individuals’ perceptions of mining tourism as a phenomenon seem to be highly value-related and influenced by both location and occupation. As such, various opinions can be explained by social exchange theory, which proposes that attitudes will be influenced by individuals’ evaluation of outcomes for themselves and their community. In this paper, the emergence of mining tourism is understood as knowledge creation rooted in a regional path dependency on mining and tourism. Hence, mining tourism becomes a new regional tourism product that contributes to tourism, at least in terms of standard technical visits and, at best, a well-developed tourist attraction that appeals to visitors in quantities similar to iconic regional attractions such as the Icehotel. Then again, a tourism industry selling dreams of “untouched nature” argues that this tourism product produces “bad imaging”.
Greenwashing and public demand for government regulation
Authors: Kolcava Dennis
Published: December 2022

Environmental governance in many high-income democracies relies to some extent on self-regulation by the private sector. Yet, this policy mode is contested and proponents of top-down government regulation argue that voluntary corporate sustainability commitments remain shallow and rarely are more than greenwashing. I assess to what extent firms’ business conduct is subject to societal checks and balances, in particular, whether public support for regulation constitutes a control mechanism of corporate contributions to environmental goods. I rely on an original survey experiment (N = 2112) conducted with a representative sample of the Swiss voting population. The analysis shows that accusing firms of greenwashing reduces both citizens’ perceived effectiveness of self-regulation and perceived synergy of corporate profits and environmental protection. However, this attitudinal shift only translates into modest updates in respondents’ policy preferences. As a result, short-run shifts in public support for regulation are an unlikely societal control mechanism of business conduct.
Public sector innovation outcome-driven sustainable development in Bangladesh: applying the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulations and Kernel-based regularised least square machine learning algorithm approaches
Authors: Islam Md. Monirul , Tareque Mohammad
Published: December 2022

This research investigates the role of public sector innovation outcomes, e.g. trademark innovation, information and communication technology (ICT), renewable energy, and governance, in the sustainable development of Bangladesh during 1980–2019. Utilising the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL) simulation approach, this study divulges a favourable long-term influencing profile of public sector innovation outcomes, i.e. trademark innovation, ICT, and renewable energy on sustainable development, while governance has a heterogeneous impact. Besides, the findings from the DARDL simulations area plots display 10% counterfactual shocks to the public sector innovation outcomes on sustainable development. Furthermore, the Kernel-based regularised least square machine learning algorithm approach used in the study examines the marginal effects of the public sector innovation outcomes on sustainable development for robust findings. Therefore, the policy suggestions are solely concerned with the public sector’s adoption of more innovation dynamics through appropriate policy formulation.
Multi-UAV path planning based on IB-ABC with restricted planned arrival sequence
Authors: Tan Li , Shi Jiaqi , Gao Jing , Wang Haoyu , Zhang Hongtao , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2022

Path planning is a key research issue in the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. In practical applications, multi-objective path planning is usually required for multi-UAVs, so this paper proposes the improved balanced artificial bee colony (IB-ABC) algorithm to optimize multi-objective path planning. The algorithm adopts the ABC algorithm that emphasizes the global search capability, which is based on iterative feedback information. It uses single-element points, multi-element points, and iteration constraints to optimize the strategies of employed bees, follower bees, and scout bees, respectively. In terms of time and priority, simulation experiments prove that the IB-ABC algorithm can balance local and global search capabilities, accelerate the speed of convergence, and realize multi-UAV path planning in complex mountain environments.
Examining the effectiveness of bilingual subtitles for comprehension: An eye-tracking study
Authors: Wang Andi , Pellicer-Sánchez Ana
Published: December 2022

The present study examined the relative effectiveness of bilingual subtitles for L2 viewing comprehension, compared to other subtitling types. Learners’ allocation of attention to the image and subtitles/captions in different viewing conditions, as well as the relationship between attention and comprehension, were also investigated. A total of 112 Chinese learners of English watched an English documentary clip in one of four conditions (bilingual subtitles, captions, L1 subtitles, no subtitles) while their eye movements were recorded. The results revealed that bilingual subtitles were as beneficial as L1 subtitles for comprehension, which both outscored captions and no subtitles. Participants using bilingual subtitles spent significantly more time processing L1 than L2 lines. L1 lines in bilingual subtitles were processed significantly longer than in L1 subtitles, but L2 lines were processed significantly shorter than in captions. No significant relationship was found between the processing time and comprehension for either the L1 or L2 lines of bilingual subtitles.
Social experiences and youth psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study
Authors: Rodman Alexandra M. , Rosen Maya L. , Kasparek Steven W. , Mayes Makeda , Lengua Liliana , Meltzoff Andrew N. , McLaughlin Katie A.
Published: December 2022

The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated stay-at-home orders resulted in a stark reduction in daily social interactions for children and adolescents. Given that peer relationships are especially important during this developmental stage, it is crucial to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social behavior and risk for psychopathology in children and adolescents. In a longitudinal sample (N=224) of children (7-10y) and adolescents (13-15y) assessed at three strategic time points (before the pandemic, during the initial stay-at-home order period, and six months later after the initial stay-at-home order period was lifted), we examine whether certain social factors protect against increases in stress-related psychopathology during the pandemic, controlling for pre-pandemic symptoms. Youth who reported less in-person and digital socialization, greater social isolation, and less social support had worsened psychopathology during the pandemic. Greater social isolation and decreased digital socialization during the pandemic were associated with greater risk for psychopathology after experiencing pandemic-related stressors. In addition, children, but not adolescents, who maintained some in-person socialization were less likely to develop internalizing symptoms following exposure to pandemic-related stressors. We identify social factors that promote well-being and resilience in youth during this societal event.
Trusting the Government to Do the Right Thing: Data Ethics in Australia’s Pandemic Response
Authors: Dalton-Brown Sally
Published: December 2022

After a brief overview of ethical issues in an Australian context catalyzed by the current pandemic, this article focuses on data protection in the light of recent debates about COVID-19 data tracking in Australia and globally. This article looks at the issue of trust as a fundamental principle of effective and ethical COVID-safe measures undertaken by the government. Key to ensuring such trust are Habermasian participatory dialogs, which assume trust as a condition of authentic illocution, and an emphasis on short-term data capture.
The Effect of Sustained Poor Air Quality on EMS Call Volume and Characteristics: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study
Authors: McLeod Alec , Murphy Colin , Hagwood Garrett , Rose John S.
Published: December 2022

Objectives:

As wildfires and air pollution become more common across the United States, it is increasingly important to understand the burden they place on public health. Previous studies have noted relationships between air quality and use of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), but until now, these studies have focused on day-to-day air quality. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of sustained periods of poor air quality on EMS call characteristics and volume.

Methods:

Using a time-stratified case-crossover design, the effect of exposure to periods of poor air quality on number and type of EMS calls in California, USA from 2014-2019 was observed. Poor air quality periods greater than three days were identified at the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Air Quality Index (AQI) levels of Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (AQI 100) and Unhealthy (AQI 150). Periods less than three days apart were combined. Each poor air quality period was matched with two one-week controls, the first being the closest preceding week that did not intersect a different case. The second control was the closest week at least three days after the case and not intersecting with a different case. Due to seasonal variation in EMS usage, from the initial cases, cases were used only if it was possible to identify controls within 28 days of the case. A conditional Poisson regression calculated risk ratios for EMS call volume.

Results:

Comparing the case periods to the controls, significant increases were found at AQI >100 for total number of calls, and the primary impressions categories of emotional state or behavior, level of consciousness, no patient complaint, other, respiratory, and abdominal. At an AQI >150, significance was found for the primary impressions categories of other, pain, respiratory, and digestive.

Conclusion:

These data demonstrate increased EMS calls during sustained poor air quality, and that several EMS primary impression categories are disproportionately affected. This study is limited by the imprecision of the primary impression’s classification provided by the EMS clinician responding to the EMS call. More research is needed to understand the effects of periods of poor air quality on the EMS system for more efficient deployment of resources.
The concept of “metabolic jet lag” in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder: implications for research and clinical care
Authors: Koning Elena , McDonald Alexandra , Bambokian Alexander , Gomes Fabiano A. , Vorstman Jacob , Berk Michael , Fabe Jennifer , McIntyre Roger S. , Milev Roumen , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Brietzke Elisa
Published: December 2022

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a potentially chronic mental disorder marked by recurrent depressive and manic episodes, circadian rhythm disruption, and changes in energetic metabolism. “Metabolic jet lag” refers to a state of shift in circadian patterns of energy homeostasis, affecting neuroendocrine, immune, and adipose tissue function, expressed through behavioral changes such as irregularities in sleep and appetite. Risk factors include genetic variation, mitochondrial dysfunction, lifestyle factors, poor gut microbiome health and abnormalities in hunger, satiety, and hedonistic function. Evidence suggests metabolic jet lag is a core component of BD pathophysiology, as individuals with BD frequently exhibit irregular eating rhythms and circadian desynchronization of their energetic metabolism, which is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Although current diagnostic criteria lack any assessment of eating rhythms, technological advancements including mobile phone applications and ecological momentary assessment allow for the reliable tracking of biological rhythms. Overall, methodological refinement of metabolic jet lag assessment will increase knowledge in this field and stimulate the development of interventions targeting metabolic rhythms, such as time-restricted eating.
‘Mixed Blood’ and Aesthetic Evolution in China’s Electroacoustic Music Today
Authors: De Ritis Anthony Paul
Published: December 2022

Current trends in the works of Chinese composers and their electroacoustic music today embrace increased abstraction and individual self-expression, while others celebrate the importance of clear communication and a unified ‘Chinese model’. How is one to derive the current state of a Western art form imported by China, in the context of unparalleled sharing and convergence of ideas made possible by the internet and extensive intercultural exchange in today’s globalised world? And how important is it to identify and measure the level of Chineseness in the artistic output of today’s electroacoustic music composers that embrace Chinese elements – whether born inside or outside of China? This article seeks to unpack some of the current thinking shared by institutional leaders, such as Yu Feng, president of the Central Conservatory of Music; scholars of Chinese electroacoustic music, such as Marc Battier, Ken Fields, Leigh Landy, Yang Yinuo and Annie Yen-Ling Liu; and several composers and thought leaders in the most recent generations of Chinese electroacoustic music.
Disequilibrium propagation of quantity constraints: application to the COVID lockdowns
Authors: Mandel Antoine , Veetil Vipin P.
Published: December 2022

This paper develops a network economy model to study the propagation of the COVID lockdown shock. Firms are related to each other through buyer–seller relations in the market for intermediate inputs. Firms choose production levels and input combinations using prices that emerge from local interactions. Nothing forbids trade at out-of-equilibrium prices. In such a setting, disequilibrium spills over from one market to another due to the interconnections between markets. These disequilibrium dynamics are capable of generating unemployment when workers released by contracting firms are not frictionlessly absorbed by expanding firms. We calibrate the model to the US economy using a data set with more than 200,000 buyer–seller relations between about 70,000 firms. Computational experiments on the calibrated economy suggest that the COVID lockdown generates a sizeable decline in GDP. The endogenously generated unemployment dynamics is a primary determinant of the cost of the lockdown.
The foreign-language effect on self-positivity bias: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence
Authors: Zhang Wanyu , Lan Yuxin , Li Qian , Gao Zhao , Hu Jiehui , Gao Shan
Published: December 2022

Previous research has shown that using foreign languages reduces cognitive biases. Here, we investigate whether this foreign-language effect extends to self-related cognition – in particular, the self-positivity bias, which refers to automatic association of oneself with positive information and has a facilitation role in maintaining mental health. We applied event-related brain potentials and oscillations in the implicit association test where Chinese–English bilinguals responded to category words (self vs. others) and attribute words (positive vs. negative) in either their native language Chinese or their foreign language English. In response to Chinese words, a self-positivity bias occurred, indexed by a positive D-score in reaction times as well as by smaller N200, larger P3-like/LPC responses, and lower alpha desynchronization when self words were associated with positive relative to negative traits. However, the bias was diminished in the English context. Overall, our findings provide important implications for language choices when self-protective mechanisms should be enhanced.
Patient beliefs associated with medication hesitancy in palliative care: A systematic review using the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Lo Un Cheng , Musa Hala , Li Jeffery , Gaon Janet , Hibbs David E. , Ong Jennifer A.
Published: December 2022

Context

The demand of palliative care is increasing due to the aging population and treatment hesitancy or intentional avoidance compromises symptom management.

Objectives

To identify patient beliefs associated with medication hesitancy by using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) namely, attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and perceived behavioral control associated with medication hesitancy or intentional noncompliance by avoidance.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline was followed to conduct a systematic literature search involving the CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases from inception until March 2022. Hand-searched articles from reference lists and gray literature were included. Thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data and triangulated with quantitative data.

Results

About 554 articles were retrieved from the literature search and 17 articles were included based on the eligibility criteria. Three subthemes that were identified under TPB constructs were attitude: negative attitude toward medications, passive attitude toward illness and inaccurate information about disease or medication; one subtheme was identified under subjective norms: perceived negative opinions from others; and one subtheme was identified under perceived behavioral control: perception of manageable symptoms. Quantitative data provided triangulation of qualitative findings related to fear of addiction and side effects, feelings of hopelessness, unclear direction and information, social stigma, endurable symptoms, and illness as determinants for medication avoidance.

Significance of results

This systematic review highlighted some patient beliefs related to medication hesitancy or avoidance. Clinicians should take patient beliefs and concerns into consideration when creating treatment regimens for people receiving palliative care to optimize medication adherence and the quality of care.
Influence of esports on Sleep and Stress
Authors: Klier Kristina , Seiler Kirstin , Wagner Matthias
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Recreative sleep and a low stress level are important health- and performance-enhancing factors in daily life. The present investigation examines the influence of esports on sleep and stress. In a counterbalanced within-subjects design, 44 participants (37 males, 7 females, 25.2 ± 4.6 years old) completed both a gaming and a nongaming session on two consecutive evenings. We assessed individual sleep duration and individual stress parameters via a Garmin® smartwatch in addition to a short subjective scale. The results show that, in the gaming condition, total sleep time was significantly lower than in the nongaming condition ( p = .003). The participants’ stress level was significantly increased after gaming compared to nongaming ( p = .005). Future research should not only examine the long-term effects of esports on health longitudinally, but also establish suitable sleep interventions and stress coping strategies.
Video Game Play
Authors: Jadallah May , Green C. Shawn , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2022

Abstract: This exploratory study examined the video gaming experience of 160 urban public-school preteen-age students as well as the association between video game play and students’ performance on a standardized cognitive ability test (CogAT), which includes verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal/spatial batteries. Overall, neither duration of play nor video game genres played had significant correlations with the CogAT measures. Similarly, when using an “extreme-groups” approach to examine relations with playing a subset of games previously linked with certain enhancements in cognitive skill (i.e., action video games), no significant effects were observed. These results are thus inconsistent with theories that predict diminished cognitive performance in children who play a great deal of video games, but they are also inconsistent with previous work suggesting possible enhancements in those who play certain types of games. The potential contribution of this null finding and an alternative explanation are discussed.
Research Priorities for Climate Litigation
Authors: Wentz Jessica , Merner Delta , Franta Benjamin , Lehmen Alessandra , Frumhoff Peter C.
Published: December 2022

This article characterizes key research gaps and opportunities for scientists across disciplines to do work that informs the rapidly growing number of climate lawsuits worldwide. It focuses on research that can be used to inform legal decisions about responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions and climate damages. Relevant lawsuits include claims filed against government and corporate defendants alleging that they have violated environmental, human rights, constitutional, tort, and consumer protection laws due to their contributions to climate change and failures to control emissions. Constructive attention has recently been given to the important role of attribution science in informing some of these cases (Burger et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.7916/cjel.v45i1.4730; Stuart‐Smith et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00686-4). Here, we draw upon both the published literature and conversations with diverse legal scholars and practitioners to characterize what further climate litigation‐relevant research is most needed. In addition to key gaps in litigation‐relevant attribution science, we identify and characterize the need and opportunity for further social science research to address the causes of climate inaction, and for further cross‐disciplinary research to inform emerging legal questions on the allocation of responsibility for emissions reductions to align with temperature limits such as those set by the Paris Climate Agreement. Our primary goal is to identify areas for researchers who are interested in contributing to climate litigation and discussions about legal responsibility for climate change. We also seek to help the research community see this as a legitimate and important domain for timely, actionable scientific research.
Alternating North‐South Brightness Ratio of Ganymede's Auroral Ovals: Hubble Space Telescope Observations Around the Juno PJ34 Flyby
Authors: Saur Joachim , Duling Stefan , Wennmacher Alexandre , Willmes Clarissa , Roth Lorenz , Strobel Darrell F. , Allegrini Frédéric , Bagenal Fran , Bolton Scott J. , Bonfond Bertrand , Clark George , Gladstone Randy , Greathouse Thomas K. , Grodent Denis C. , Hansen Candice J. , Kurth William S. , Orton Glenn S. , Retherford Kurt D. , Rymer Abigail M. , Sulaiman Ali H.
Published: December 2022

We report results of Hubble Space Telescope observations from Ganymede's orbitally trailing side which were taken around the flyby of the Juno spacecraft on 7 June 2021. We find that Ganymede's northern and southern auroral ovals alternate in brightness such that the oval facing Jupiter's magnetospheric plasma sheet is brighter than the other one. This suggests that the generator that powers Ganymede's aurora is the momentum of the Jovian plasma sheet north and south of Ganymede's magnetosphere. Magnetic coupling of Ganymede to the plasma sheet above and below the moon causes asymmetric magnetic stresses and electromagnetic energy fluxes ultimately powering the auroral acceleration process. No clear statistically significant timevariability of the auroral emission on short time scales of 100s could be resolved. We show that electron energy fluxes of several tens of mW m−2 are required for its OI 1,356 Å emission making Ganymede a very poor auroral emitter.
Ganymede's UV Reflectance From Juno‐UVS Data
Authors: Molyneux P. M. , Greathouse T. K. , Gladstone G. R. , Versteeg M. H. , Hue V. , Kammer J. , Davis M. W. , Bolton S. J. , Giles R. , Connerney J. E. P. , Gérard J. C. , Grodent D. C.
Published: December 2022

During the Juno orbit 34 Ganymede encounter, the ultraviolet spectrograph mapped UV sunlight reflected by Ganymede from a closest approach altitude of 1,044 km, allowing us to study spatial variations in Ganymede's far ultraviolet reflectance at higher resolution than has previously been possible. We find that a characteristic signature of water ice seen around 165 nm in laboratory spectra is absent over much of the observed area, but is detectable in the north high latitude region. We suggest that the spectral difference between the high latitudes and other icy regions, such as Tros crater, may be explained by the presence of additional UV‐absorbing contaminants such as NH3 at lower latitudes. We also note a decrease in the relative reflectance of the high latitude regions at wavelengths >190 nm, which may be the start of a previously observed ozone absorption feature.
High‐Latitude Plasma Convection Based on SuperDARN Observations and the Locally Divergence Free Criterion
Authors: Bristow W. A. , Lyons L. R. , Nishimura Y. , Shepherd S. G. , Donovan E. F.
Published: December 2022

A new technique for estimating the global‐scale pattern of magnetospheric convection in the ionosphere is presented. The technique uses the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network line‐of‐sight velocity observations combined with an empirical convection model and the assumption that the resulting velocity field is divergence free. In contrast to other techniques for convection estimation, it does not express the velocity field in terms of known basis vectors and it does not assume that the velocity can be determined from a static potential. The velocity is estimated by applying Bayesian inverse theory to the input data, model, and constraints. Linear equations for the plasma velocity at every point in the domain are solved simultaneously in a least squares sense. Application of the technique results in convection patterns with spatial resolution equal to the calculation grid spacing. The resulting patterns conform with expectations based on the observed interplanetary magnetic field conditions and display features that show close correspondence to simultaneously observed features in the auroral luminosity.
In vivo white matter microstructure in adolescents with early-onset psychosis: a multi-site mega-analysis
Authors: Barth Claudia , Kelly Sinead , Nerland Stener , Jahanshad Neda , Alloza Clara , Ambrogi Sonia , Andreassen Ole A. , Andreou Dimitrios , Arango Celso , Baeza Inmaculada , Banaj Nerisa , Bearden Carrie E. , Berk Michael , Bohman Hannes , Castro-Fornieles Josefina , Chye Yann , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto , de la Serna Elena , Díaz-Caneja Covadonga M. , Gurholt Tiril P. , Hegarty Catherine E. , James Anthony , Janssen Joost , Johannessen Cecilie , Jönsson Erik G. , Karlsgodt Katherine H. , Kochunov Peter , Lois Noemi G. , Lundberg Mathias , Myhre Anne M. , Pascual-Diaz Saül , Piras Fabrizio , Smelror Runar E. , Spalletta Gianfranco , Stokkan Therese S. , Sugranyes Gisela , Suo Chao , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Tordesillas-Gutiérrez Diana , Vecchio Daniela , Wedervang-Resell Kirsten , Wortinger Laura A. , Thompson Paul M. , Agartz Ingrid
Published: December 2022

Emerging evidence suggests brain white matter alterations in adolescents with early-onset psychosis (EOP; age of onset <18 years). However, as neuroimaging methods vary and sample sizes are modest, results remain inconclusive. Using harmonized data processing protocols and a mega-analytic approach, we compared white matter microstructure in EOP and healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Our sample included 321 adolescents with EOP (median age = 16.6 years, interquartile range (IQR) = 2.14, 46.4% females) and 265 adolescent healthy controls (median age = 16.2 years, IQR = 2.43, 57.7% females) pooled from nine sites. All sites extracted mean fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) for 25 white matter regions of interest per participant. ComBat harmonization was performed for all DTI measures to adjust for scanner differences. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to investigate case-control differences and associations with clinical variables in regional DTI measures. We found widespread lower FA in EOP compared to healthy controls, with the largest effect sizes in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (Cohen’s d = 0.37), posterior corona radiata (d = 0.32), and superior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (d = 0.31). We also found widespread higher RD and more localized higher MD and AD. We detected significant effects of diagnostic subgroup, sex, and duration of illness, but not medication status. Using the largest EOP DTI sample to date, our findings suggest a profile of widespread white matter microstructure alterations in adolescents with EOP, most prominently in male individuals with early-onset schizophrenia and individuals with a shorter duration of illness.
Therapeutic sensitivity to standard treatments in BRCA positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fazekas Tamás , Széles Ádám D. , Teutsch Brigitta , Csizmarik Anita , Vékony Bálint , Váradi Alex , Kói Tamás , Lang Zsolt , Ács Nándor , Kopa Zsolt , Hegyi Péter , Hadaschik Boris , Grünwald Viktor , Nyirády Péter , Szarvas Tibor
Published: December 2022

Background

Recent oncology guidelines recommend BRCA1/2 testing for a wide range of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. In addition, PARP inhibitors are available for mutation-positive metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) patients following prior treatment with abiraterone, enzalutamide or docetaxel. However, the question of which of these standard treatments is the most effective for BRCA1/2 positive mCRPC patients remains to be answered. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of abiraterone, enzalutamide and docetaxel in BRCA1/2 mutation-positive mCRPC patients in terms of PSA-response (PSA50), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods

As no interventional trials are available on this topic, we performed the data synthesis of BRCA1/2 positive mCRPC patients by using both proportional and individual patient data. For PSA50 evaluation, we pooled event rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI), while for time-to-event (PFS, OS) analyses we used individual patient data with random effect Cox regression calculations.

Results

Our meta-analysis included 16 eligible studies with 348 BRCA1/2 positive mCRPC patients. In the first treatment line, response rates for abiraterone, enzalutamide and docetaxel were 52% (CI: 25–79%), 64% (CI: 43–80%) and 55% (CI: 36–73%), respectively. Analyses of individual patient data revealed a PFS (HR: 0.47, CI: 0.26–0.83, p = 0.010) but no OS (HR: 1.41, CI: 0.82–2.42, p = 0.210) benefit for enzalutamide compared to abiraterone-treated patients.

Conclusions

Our PSA50 analyses revealed that all the three first-line treatments have therapeutic effect in BRCA1/2 positive mCRPC; although, based on the results of PSA50 and PFS analyses, BRCA positive mCRPC patients might better respond to enzalutamide treatment. However, molecular marker-driven interventional studies directly comparing these agents are crucial for providing higher-level evidence.