bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Surface Topography under Varied Conditions of Energy Input Rate in Ultrasonic Machining of Pure Titanium
Authors: Kumar Jatinder
Published: December 2013

Ultrasonic machining is used for machining hard and brittle materials: semiconductors, glass, quartz, ceramics, silicon, germanium, ferrites etc. Titanium and its alloys are alternative for many engineering applications due to their superior properties such as chemical inertness, high tenacity, high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. In the present investigation, the effect of energy input rate on the surface topography has been evaluated, under controlled experimental conditions. It has been found that the mode of material removal may change from brittle fracture to ductile failure under extremely small energy input conditions. Moreover, a mixed mode with varied proportion of brittle fracture and plastic deformation could be obtained through systematic variation of the input parameters. In comparison to an electrical energy based method such as WEDM, the titanium components processed by USM does not exhibit any appreciable surface damage in the form of recast material, heat affected zone or residual stresses.
Use of Tannery Sludge Ash as Filler in Waterproofing Membranes
Authors: Puccini Monica , Seggiani Maurizia , Castiello Domenico , Vitolo Sandra
Published: December 2013

Tannery effluent treatment plant sludge is a by-product of leather-making industry in which chrome compounds are the most common used materials. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects and feasibility in the use of tannery sludge ash as a partial or totally replacement of usual mineral filler such as CaCO3in manufacture of waterproofing membranes. The effects of sludge ash on the morphology and mechanical properties of membranes were investigated. Leaching tests were carried out in order to guarantee that the fulfillment of filler function was done in respect with environmental criteria. The results in terms of performances and leaching tests indicate that tannery sludge ash could be used as total replacement of CaCO3for waterproofing membranes. This work has to be intended as the first step of a study whose final goal is to find an effective, industrially applicable, way to improve recycling capabilities of tannery effluent treatment plant sludge in systems like roofing and waterproofing membranes thus solving an economical and environmental problem.
Interlocking Tactile Concrete Paver with Addition of Steel Fibers
Authors: Silva Fabiana Maria , Santos Vânia Regina Ferreira , Ribeiro Lubienska Cristina L.J. , Pires Marta Siviero Guilherme , Lintz Rosa Cristina Cecche , Gachet-Barbosa Luísa Andréia
Published: December 2013

This work deals with the investigation of the performance of concrete with addition of steel fibers for production of interlocking paver. Was accomplished an experimental dosage of concrete and the addition fibers contents were 40Kg/m3, the molded pavers with conventional concrete and with addition of steel fibers and were accomplished tests of compression strength and water absorption, through the preliminary results, we verified that are satisfactory and achieve the specifications of Brazilian standard (ABNT NBR 9781:2013) and some international (ASTM-C936:1996 e CSA A231.2:1995).
Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage - A Size Selection
Authors: Milewski Jarosław , Wołowicz Marcin , Bujalski Wojciech
Published: December 2013

The paper presents a theoretical investigation of using a Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage facility (STES) to cover the heat demand of a complex of four buildings. The STES is placed in the ground and connected to both the local district heating network and solar panels. A number of scenarios were investigated to find an adequate size of the STES (tank size and solar panel area.) The results obtained show that the use of a STES could reduce heat consumption by 22100% depending on the architecture solution chosen.
Joint Analysis of the Power Generation Construction Project Schedule, Cost and Quality Based on DEA
Authors: Sun Hong Fei , Zhou Lan Ping , Wang Yan Yan
Published: December 2013

As economic globalization and information technology integration, it brings a great deal of changes and challenges to enterprise business and management. This research is aimed at establish a reasonable configurations among schedule, cost and quality of power construction projects in China and draw up a standardization process to enterprise management. According to a detailed joint analysis of the process efficiency and resource matching condition with Date Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, we formulate two models including CCR and BBC. Then we select 12 power construction projects as samples, give a data verification, and find a correlation among schedule, cost, quality and project achievement. At the end of paper, we give an objective evaluation to it, and analysis the shortcomings and insufficiency of this research.
Free Vibration Analysis of Single and Multilayered Sandwich FGM Plates-Assessment of Higher Order Refined Theories
Authors: Swaminathan K. , Naveenkumar D.T.
Published: December 2013

Analytical formulations and solutions for natural frequency analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) plates based on two higher-order refined shear deformation theories with 9 and 12 degrees-of-freedom are presented. The displacement model with 12 degrees-of-freedom considers the effect of both transverse shear and normal strain/stress while the other considers only the effect of transverse shear deformation. In addition another higher-order model and the first-order model developed by other investigators and available in the literature are also presented for the evaluation purpose. For mathematical modeling purposes, the Poissons ratio of the material is considered as constant whereas Youngs modulus is assumed to vary through the thickness according to the power law function. The equations of motion are derived using Hamiltons principle. Solutions are obtained in closed-form using Naviers technique and solving the eigenvalue equation. The accuracy of the theoretical formulations and the solution method using the present two higher-order refined models is first established by comparing the results generated in the present investigation with the 3D elasticity solutions already reported in the literature. After establishing the accuracy of predictions, benchmark results for the natural frequencies using all the four models are presented for single layer FGM plate and multi layered FGM sandwich plate with varying edge ratios and side-to-thickness ratios.
Low Cycle Fatigue and Crack Grow in Powder Nickel Alloy under Turbine Disk Wave Form Loading: Validation of Damage Accumulation Model
Authors: Nikhamkin M. , Ilinykh A.
Published: December 2013

Experimental verification of the damage accumulation model of low cycle fatigue crack initiation and growth is executed. Loading wave form typical for discs of gas turbine engines is studied. Linear damage accumulation model is found to give acceptable accuracy for crack initiation and growth in powder nickel alloys. This model is acceptable for disc cyclic durability prediction.
Experimental Free Vibration Analysis of Clinched Beams
Authors: He Xiao Cong , Zhen Dong , Yang Hui Yan , Feng Guo Jin , Xing Bao Ying , Gu Feng Shou , Ball Andrew
Published: December 2013

Clinching is a high-speed mechanical fastening technique which is suitable for point joining coated and pre-painted sheet materials. In this study, an experimental measurement technique was provided for the prediction of the free vibration behavior of single-lap cantilevered clinched beams. The dynamic test software and the data acquisition hardware were used in the experimental measurement of the dynamic response of the single-lap cantilevered clinched beams. The frequency response functions of the clinched beams of different clinching number were measured and compared. The main goal of the paper is to provide a basis for further research on vibration based non-destructive damage detection in clinched beams.
Verification of Analytical Solution for a Problem of High-Velocity Transversal Impact on a Prismatic Beam
Authors: Vershinin Vladislav V.
Published: December 2013

In the present article ray method application for a problem of high-velocity transversal impact on a prismatic beam is considered. The problem is solved for an elastic spherical projectile and elastoplastic destructible targets for velocities up to 500 m/sec. For the targets rate-dependence of the material properties and structural inhomogeneity are taken into consideration. Verification is aimed to prove principal opportunity of receiving accurate analytical solution for the problem, if contact law is known. As a reference solution results of finite element modelling are considered.
An Inlet Area for Particle Mixing in a Two-Dimensional Fluidized Bed Using a CFD-DEM Model
Authors: Pisitsungkakarn Sumol Sae Heng
Published: December 2013

Fluidized beds are widely used in many industries since they are effective in mixing process. The distinct element method (DEM) has recently received more attention for investigating the phenomena of multiphase flow because the technique is effective in gathering detailed information on the complex phenomena without physically disturbing the flows. A CFD-DEM model has been developed for calculating the minimum fluidization velocity and particle mixing in a two-dimensional fluidized bed. In this research, the inlet area on the particle mixing was investigated. From the result, it was indicated that the developed CFD-DEM model was performed adequately in predicting the phenomena in a two dimensional fluidized bed. The minimum fluidization velocity predicted by the developed model agreed well with the theory and correlation of Grace. Based on Lacey mixing index, it was found that the mixing index increased with an increase in time and superficial gas velocity. In addition, the inlet area of 20% gave a good mixing.
Searching Method of Optimization of Bending Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Simultaneous Assessment of Criterion Function and the Boundary Conditions
Authors: Tamrazyan Ashot , Filimonova Ekaterina
Published: December 2013

Problems of optimal design of reinforced concrete structures are characterized by existence of nonlinear objective function and a set of local extrema. For the solution of similar tasks for their optimization its offered to use an algorithm based on the method of casual search. A prerequisite for this is the requirement for simultaneous consideration of changes in the objective function and the boundary conditions in the motion search for the optimum. This procedure provides a guaranteed search of optimal parameters plate.
Probability Analysis of Precision Equipment Vibration Isolation System
Authors: Smirnov Vladimir , Mondrus Vladimir
Published: December 2013

The article deals with probability analysis for a vibration isolation system of sensitive equipment. Vibration isolation system is subjected to external base vibrations due to ambient oscillations (background noise). Considering Gauss distribution for ambient vibrations, we estimate the probability when the relative displacement of isolated mass will still be lower than the vibration criteria. The problem is solved in three-dimensional space, evolved by the system parameters damping and natural frequency. According to this probability distribution, the chance of exceeding vibration criteria for a vibration isolation system is evaluated and different vibration isolation systems are compared.
A Failed Tibial Osteotomy - The Influence of Bone Mineral Substituent
Authors: Cirstoiu Catalin , Ene Razvan , Popescu Dan , Cîrstoiu Monica
Published: December 2013

In surgical experiences of the fractures of the proximal tibia, which are named tibial plateau fractures, with important damage of the articular surfaces of the tibia is very important to realise a correct reduction and an adequate osteosinthesys . But in real time this is a very difficult aim, because the correct reduction by various methods, induced an important bone deficiency. This is the principal aspect of the proximal tibial reconstruction, because this reconstruction s essential for the stability of the implant, for the correct reduction, for the correct allignemment of lower limb and for the reduction of the malunions results, for the abnormal consolidations and for devloppemment of the ostheoarthritis of the knee.We have two posibilities to reduce the bone gap - with bone grafts , by collaboration with the National Bone Bank , or by using a bone substituent - a new method of reconstruction.In our opinion, the bone graft is the perfect solution for recent fracture and the bone substituent is indicated for the severe difformities secondaries of articular surface.
Theoretical Research on Ideal Brake Force Distribution of Tractor-Semitrailer Cornering Braking
Authors: Li Chen , Li Xing Hu , Zhou Wei , Dai Wei Liang
Published: December 2013

For tractor-semitrailer, load transfer during cornering braking caused big difference of the vertical load between coaxial wheels. As a result, braking efficiency and directional stability were affected seriously, the traditional design of braking force distribution between axles couldnt meet the requirements. In this paper, a dynamic model of tractor-semitrailer was established according to the motion and force during cornering braking. The rule of vertical load changing of each wheel with longitudinal acceleration and lateral acceleration was obtained. Combining with the tire and road adhesion conditions, the ideal brake force distribution was achieved. The research could provide theoretical reference to better control strategy of tractor-semitrailer braking control system.
Study on Characteristics of Passive Wheel Typed Robot
Authors: Lin Feng Yun
Published: December 2013

This paper put forward a new type of leg-wheeled hybrid mobile robot installed passive wheels at the ends of the legs, we call this typed robot as Ice-skater robot, An analysis and improvement upon the original structure of skating robot is proposed, The paper gives the model of the robot kinematics and a simulation was carried out upon the moving characteristics of the skating robot while it was sliding.
Application of Order Analysis in the Analysis of Noise in Automobile Alternator
Authors: Wang Gui Tang , Feng Zhi Wen , Li Zheng , Li Jing Yao , Hu Wen Ming
Published: December 2013

With the increasing request of the comfort, reduce the vibration and noise of automobile AC generator as the industry wide concern. In this paper, based on a type of vehicle alternator speed section of excessive noise problems, using order analysis method on noise generator is analyzed, the main harmonic component generator noise for 36 harmonic components, and determine the maximum value of the resonance speed noise in 1800rpm, 2400rpm, 3400rpm near the motor load state. On this basis, puts forward the corresponding improvement measures to improve the motor, the motor noise value to the manufacturer's standard.
Modeling the Dynamics of Robot Motor Drive Control System
Authors: Tuleshov Аmandyk , Ozhikenov Кassymbek , Utebayev Ruslan , Tuleshov Erkebulan
Published: December 2013

This work studies the effectivenessof applyingadaptive regulatorindirect current drive control system ofmanipulator robot link. An adaptive stabilization ofcontrol system dynamics by directly modifying the transfer factor of electric drive regulator was carried out. In turn, this causes simplification of the system with adaptive regulator and its technical implementation. This system was modeled inMATLAB (Simulink). A comparative evaluation of the results of modeling of electric drives with adaptive regulator with traditionally used methodology coordinate regulation was carried out. It is shown that the usage of adaptive regulator in electric drives systemdelivers desired dynamic characteristics of the manipulator.
Performance Analysis of the Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector (PV/T) System for Different Malaysian Climatic Conditions
Authors: Sultan Sakhr M. , Fadhel M.I. , Alkaff S.A.
Published: December 2013

A new configuration of Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector (PV/T) system has been designed and proposed. The (PV/T) consists of certain layers which are the glass, air gap, PV panel, absorber plate and insulating material layer. In this paper, a glazed (PV/T) solar collector using the spiral flow design absorber has been studied under different Malaysian meteorological conditions. The Performance of outlet water temperature, thermal, electrical and combined (PV/T) efficiencies under two different Malaysian climatic conditions (sunny and cloudy) days have been evaluated. Based on the simulation results, the maximum hourly thermal efficiency of sunny day is 61.3%, while the maximum hourly thermal efficiency of cloudy day is 59.6%. The electrical efficiencies for typical sunny and cloudy days are 12.89%, 13.03%, respectively. The maximum hourly combined (PV/T) efficiency for typical sunny and cloudy days are 74.1% and 72.63%, respectively. As seen from the results, the proposed (PV/T) system design is applicable to be used under different Malaysian climate conditions.
A Working of Eddy Current Transducers under Control of Ferromagnetic Pipes in Condition of Insufficient Magnetic Saturation
Authors: Hao Kai Yu , Miroshnikov Vadim
Published: December 2013

The numerical method of calculation of electromagnetic field in a control sample at a time of work of encircling eddy current transducer is offered. The method is based on a numerical solution of the two Maxwell equations, which connect a change of electrical and magnetic fields. It allows to make calculations taking into account the actual value of magnetic inductivity of metal and to get results in any form, convenient for further interpretations. For the calculation of the encircling eddy current transducer the equivalent circuit of defect as step junction is offered. The numerical calculation shows, that the greatest sensitivity of the transducer is achieved when the value of magnetic permeability of the object of control is approximately 10-30. Therefore, it is not necessary to lead the material of the object of control up to satiety, as it considered before.
Security and Reliability Research of Remote Access for Subsea Blowout Preventer System
Authors: Cai Bao Ping , Liu Yong Hong , Liu Zeng Kai , Yu Shi Lin , Zhang Yun Wei , Fan Qian , Zhuang Yu Juan
Published: December 2013

Remote access for subsea blowout preventer system based on virtual private network technology over the Internet is developed. The hardware configuration and software development for remote access are described. The redundant Ethernet networks, cryptography with smart card and firewall are used to improve the security and reliability. With respect to common cause failure, the performances of Ethernet network are evaluated by using Markov method with multiple error shock model. Due to the complexity, the system is split into a set of independent modules which are merged with Kronecker product approach. The availability and reliability are researched. The reliability analysis shows that the redundant Ethernet network equipments have safety integrity level of 4, which meets the requirement of remote access of subsea blowout preventer system. In addition, the effects of failure rate of Ethernet card on the availability and reliability are obvious, which should be paid more attention when designing the Ethernet network.
Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Strontium-Containing Sol-Gel Derived Bioactive Glass/ Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Nanocomposite
Authors: Nezafati Nader , Hesaraki Saeed , Badr-Mohammadi Mohammad-Reza
Published: December 2013

In the present research, strontium containing nanobioactive glass (NBG-Sr) was synthesized by sol-gel method. The morphology was analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Different amounts (0.5 to 5 wt%) of NBG-Sr were then added to biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). They were sintered at different temperatures, i.e., 1100, 1200 and 1300 °C and changes in physical and mechanical properties were investigated. A sharp decrease in pore volume was observed as the temperature increased. The maximum bending strength (~45 MPa) was achieved for BCP which was mixed with 3 wt% NBG-Sr and sintered at 1200 °C. This value was approximately the same when it was sintered at 1300 °C. The bending strength failed when both lower and higher amounts of 3 wt% NBG-Sr were utilized. Therefore, sintering of composites at 1200 °C was economically reasonable. The X-ray results showed that NBG-Sr additive did not change the phase composition of BCP when it was heat treated at 1200 °C. The attachment and proliferation of rat calvarium-derived osteoblasts on samples sintered at 1200 °C were also evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on cell studies, all NBG-Sr-added BCPs supported attachment and proliferation of osteoblastic cells. Overall, biphasic calcium phosphate materials with improved mechanical and biological properties can be produced by using certain quantity of strontium-containing bioactive glass particles.
Effect of Titanium Depletion of High Temperature Treated NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Wire
Authors: Nawawi Nazihah , Mahmud Abdus Samad
Published: December 2013

Shape memory behaviour of NiTi is very sensitive to the presence of inclusion in the matrix and oxide and the surface. This work studied the influence of high temperature treatment towards thermal martensitic transformation behaviour of NiTi. The alloy was subjected to heat treatment at 1223 K for various times in argon and air environment. It was found that treatment in air severely destroyed the shape memory property of the alloy due to the formation of multilayer of oxides. Treatment in argon also reduced the volume percentage of martensite phase transformation, even though no oxide layer was observed at the surface. This reduction is caused by the depletion of Ti element in the matrix due to the outward diffusion of Ti element. The outward diffusion of Ti is however stabilized at 15 hours exposure time of 1223 K heating temperature.
Review on Optimization of Advanced Micro-Controlled Blending Composite Material Properties on LDPE/ CaCO3
Authors: Liu Si , Gao Yuan , Chen Tian Ze , Wang Qing
Published: December 2013

Based on development of Chinese LDPE composites preparation engineering, this paper especially aims to analyze various modification methods on physical property improvements of LDPE/CaCO3 polymers. Most widely and advanced used methods of mixing technology research status and characteristics are reviewed and discussed. By studying inductive LDPE/CaCO3 composites effect, we are able to analyze composite conditions such as parameter value that are positive to reactions and briefly probe the challenges facing kinds of composite materials in the future.
Structuring in Systems on the Basis of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate
Authors: Buryanov Аleksandr , Petropavlovskaya Victoriya , Novichenkova Тatyana
Published: December 2013

A model of the process of gypsum optimal structure formation has been designed with the application of computer simulation methods. An optimal raw mix speciation and gypsum specimen strength top values corresponding to the model were experimentally obtained and recorded.
Design of 3.1-10.6GHz CMOS LNA Based on Input Matching Technique of Common-Gate Topology
Authors: Chang Yi Cheng , Hsu Meng Ting , Hsieh Yu Chang
Published: December 2013

In this study, three stage ultra-wide-band CMOS low-noise amplifier (LNA) is presented. The UWB LNA is design in 0.18μm TSMC CMOS technique. The LNA input and output return loss are both less than-10dB, and achieved 10dB of average power gain, the minimum noise figure is 6.55dB, IIP3 is about-9.5dBm. It consumes 11mW from a 1.0-V supply voltage.
A Source Routing Protocol for Bluetooth-Based Sensor Networks
Authors: Yu Chih Min , Yu Yih Bin
Published: December 2013

Blueweb is a self-organizing Bluetooth-based multihop network equipped with a scatternet formation algorithm and a hybrid routing protocol. The routing protocol combines the reactive method globally and the proactive method locally to discover the optimal path for packet transmission. In Blueweb, the route master maintains the global topology information and each master maintains its own N-tier routing information. In this paper, a tier number decision algorithm is used in Blueweb to determine the optimal number of tiers for all the other masters. Our computer simulation results show that this algorithm can efficiently improve the routing performance and reduce the routing maintenance cost for Blueweb routing protocol.
Life Cycle Carbon Dioxide Emission Assessment of Housing in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Yu Sheng , Lee Kuei Peng
Published: December 2013

In the building industry, decreasing the CO2 emission not only is an important environmental issue but also an international responsibility in the future. This research analyzed building life cycle CO2 emission and used a building life cycle CO2 emission index (LCCO2). LCCO2 allows us to compare the impacts of different building designs to the environment and finds out the most efficient CO2 reduction strategy. A low floor house life cycle simulation showed that most CO2 emission in the life cycle comes from the daily use stage. Therefore, energy preservation in the daily life is the most important strategy to reduce CO2 emission in a building. Compared with the RC house, the light weight steel house uses more eco-friendly building materials and heat preservation materials. Therefore, the LCCO2 of the light weight steel house is reduced 31.34%. The research also showed that proper increase in the life span of the building also decreases CO2 emission. The light weight steel house is more eco-friendly than the RC house in the buildings life cycle.
Site Response Analysis for a Site with the Dipping Bedrock and Liquefiable Layers Using FLAC 3D
Authors: Wu Yuan Chieh , Hsieh Meng Hsui
Published: December 2013

To get the precise input motion for seismic analysis of important structures located in liquefiable soil layers, this study demonstrates site response analysis using FLAC 3D [. Based on the previous earthquake diaster experiences and regulatory requirements for nuclear power plants (NPP), the seismic wave propagation in the site having dipping bedrock surface was modeled, also the excess pore water pressure during excitation process was added into the soil elements. The free-field site response model is used to generate the response spectra at different ground surface locations, and to predict the influence range of soil liquefaction. The analysis results show that soil liquefaction could reduce site amplification effect, and might have different degree of impact depending on natural frequency and soil pressure resistance of structures. The 3D model also can capture the soil unceratinties and reflect the real topographic effect in one computer run, so the current multiple one-dimensional equivalent linear analysis process could be improved. Therefore, the FLAC 3D model can fulfill nuclear regulatory requirement, and provide suitable ground-motion prediction for liquefiable soil sites and complex bedrock surface sites for the need of seismic evaluations of existing NPPs after Fukushima Dai-ichi Tragedy.
Improvement of Accelerated Weathering Test through Physicochemical Analysis for Polymeric Materials in Building Construction
Authors: Yang Teng Chun
Published: December 2013

In civil engineering, the long-term service life of buildings as environmental measures is one of important performances being comparable to structure and fire safety, and it is demanded to improve durability of materials in building construction. This improvement of material durability is highly associating with lifetime of building, and so as not to reach the limit state of building components. It is imperative to determine a specific means and method in order to identify the surrounding environment on the deteriorating effect for building components and materials, as well as predicting a process of degradation phenomena and the limit state of buildings. As part of building materials, polymeric materials become widespread in civil engineering because of taking advantage of excellent property, such as lightweight, high corrosion resistance, and good formability. However, we should look ahead the lifecycle cost in order to have effective application of this material, so it is necessary to understand the lifecycle of such material. In weathering, outdoor weathering test is the surest way to clarify exactly how a material, component, or products degrade by environmental stresses in an acceptable timeframe, but it usually takes few years to decades to obtain a useful or referable result. Meanwhile, accelerated weathering test methods have been proposed as a method to obtain the results in a short period of time than outdoor weathering test. However, the method of estimating a material durability in the actual environment from these obtained data has not yet been established.In this section, it would be showing some attentions for comparison of the results from outdoor and accelerated weathering test. Then the need for investigating weatherability of polymeric materials through physicochemical analysis are emphasized to improve the relevance and precision of durability under field and laboratory weathering test. Lastly, introducing the design of accelerated weathering method based on natural weathering characteristics.
A Study on the Deterioration Condition and Renovation Work for High-Rise Reinforced Concrete Apartment in Japan - The Practice Project Kajima Corporation Minaminagasaki Dormitory
Authors: Liao Chu Tsen , Chang Heui Yung , Juan Yu Jou
Published: December 2013

High-rise housing buildings were first built approximately 45 years ago in Japan and these buildings currently are old and deteriorated facing the need of repair. In this study, I present a practical case - Kajima Corporation Minaminagasaki Dormitory, one of the oldest high-rise reinforced concrete buildings in Japan. The purpose of this study was to identify the main content and cycle of the repair work, as well as examine and generalize the causes of deterioration in this building. In conclusion, there are 4 factors affecting the renovation of high-rise buildings, including air, light, water pressure and operation. There are several types of renovation works at skeleton and infill part arranged. In the public area, exterior wall repair and roof waterproofing could be seen in 15-years cycle. Balcony rail repair and furniture of revolving windows were repaired in 5~10-year cycle. In the private area, prefabricated bath, bath heater, bathtub at bathroom and sink at kitchens were replaced in 15-year cycle. In order to sustain good quality resident environment within existent high-rise housing buildings, it's necessary for construction industry to develop new technology and upgrade the function today. Government should also devote to the revision of the laws for housing environment improvement.
Structural Behavior of a Steel Grid Shear Wall Subjected to Combined Axial and Cyclic Lateral Loads
Authors: Kim Hee Cheul , Park Jung Woo , Park Jin Young , Lee Young Hak , Kim Dae Jin
Published: December 2013

The effects of earthquakes can be devastating especially to existing structures that are not based on earthquake resistant design. This study proposes a steel grid shear wall that can provide a sufficient lateral resistance and can be used as a seismic retrofit method. An experiment was performed on reinforced concrete (RC) frames with and without the steel grid shear wall proposed in this study. These frame specimens were subjected to combined axial and cyclic lateral loads that were applied by using two actuators with a maximum capacity of 500 kN and a single actuator with a maximum capacity of 2,000 kN, respectively. The experimental results showed that the RC frame specimen with the proposed shear wall retained high lateral strength and ductility.
A Framework of Fit Status of Organizational Innovation: Based on the Typology of Organizational Lag
Authors: Li Jing , Shi Chun Sheng
Published: December 2013

This paper discusses the fit between different types of organizational innovation (OI) : administrative innovation (AI) and technical innovation (TI). As different type of innovation requires different organizational skills, resource allocation and environment conditions, there always exists organizational lag, which changes inversely with organization performance (OP). Based on the dimensions of OI from different theories, this paper selected the rate and the speed of innovation to describe organizational lag and proposed organizational lag vector to represent the fit status of innovation. Organizational lag vector has two characteristics: absolute value and direction. After comparing the referential organizations with different OP, the absolute value could be divided into three categories, then combined with four directions of organization lag vector, this paper described 12 types of the fit status of OI as well as some targeted strategies and implicated management practice.
Using RSSI Simple Localization Method to Implement the Context-Aware and Social Recommendation System
Authors: Chen Mu Yen , Wu Ming Ni , Lin Hsien En
Published: December 2013

This study integrates the concept of context-awareness with association algorithms and social media to establish the Context-aware and Social Recommendation System (CASRS). The Simple RSSI Indoor Localization Module (SRILM) locates the user position; integrating SRILM with Apriori Recommendation Module (ARM) provides effective recommended product information. The Social Media Recommendation Module (SMRM) connects to users social relations, so that the effectiveness for users to gain product information is greatly enhanced. This study develops the system based on actual context.
Simulation of Broadband Transmission Photonic Crystal Waveguide Crossing with Linear Taper
Authors: Lin Yih Bin , Chen Rei Shin , Yu Ting Chung , Liu Ju Feng
Published: December 2013

A novel design of photonic crystal waveguide crossing with taper structure is proposed. Simulations are performed by finite-difference time-domain method. The results show the proposed design has both high transmission and low cross talk characteristics. The transmission band and low cross talk band can be tuned to match each other by adjusting the taper structure..
A Study on Measurement of Photoplethysmograph Using a Smartphone Camera
Authors: Jeong Jae Hoon , Kim Sung Min , Park Sung Yun , Lee Sangjoon
Published: December 2013

In this study, we proposed a method for measuring photoplethysmographic using a smartphone camera. A development algorithm is consists 6 procedures. The first is to convert RGB to Gray level from a camera image, the second is to detect ROI from image, the third is to extract photoplethysmography signal from a camera image, the fourth is to filter baseline, and the last is to oversample procedure using cubic spline interpolation. The proposed algorithm has been tested using several smartphone with a person and which can effectively acquire persons PPG signal at any situation. We supposed that the proposed algorithm can easily adapt for a smartphone m-health system.
Design of Secondary Optical Element for a Two-Reflector Solar Concentrator
Authors: Chen Yi Cheng , You Chia Chi
Published: December 2013

This study explores the optimum design of secondary optical element (SOE) for a non-coplanar two-reflector solar concentrator. The non-coplanar solar concentrator comprises a primary parabolic mirror and a secondary hyperbolic mirror. Ray tracing simulation is adopted to investigate the optical performance, including the acceptance angle and the optical efficiency, of the solar concentrator with various designs of SOE. Finally, preliminary optimum designs of SOE are presented and discussed.
Integrated Multi-Object Taguchi Method with Optical Design for Contact Lenses
Authors: Yen Chih Ta , Ding Ing Jr , Cheng Hsu Chih , Ye Jhe Wen , Shih Jyun Min
Published: December 2013

In this research, a contact lens design for myopia and astigmatism eyes was proposed. With two spherical surfaces assembled in the optical system, the design could take advantage of compacting overall volume size. But in this design, the value of spherical aberration (SA) at wide radius of contact lenses seems lower. If we corrected the design to improve the value of SA, Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and coma aberration (TCO) value would become lower relatively. In this study, we integrated the Taguchi method and principal component analysis (PCA) to optimize the multiple quality characteristics (SA, TCO and MTF) of the contact lenses. With the combination of the methods, a set of optimum design parameters was well selected to balance the values of SA, TCO and MTF that improve the SA 25.63%, TCO 91.88% and MTF 2.4%. It was concluded that the integration of the Taguchi method and PCA succeeded in optimizing the SA, TCO and MTF values, and the contact lenses could be well designed without sacrificing system performance.
Improvement on Zhang's Camera Calibration
Authors: Park Ji Hun , Park Sung Hun
Published: December 2013

This paper presents an improved initial guessing method for the famous Zhang's camera calibration method for a moving camera. Given three or more known points in a scene, we can compute initial guessing values for maximum likelihood estimation for varying focal camera calibration. This method is useful in structure from motion, which needs consecutive video camera calibration using a known camera distortion.
Video Matching by One-Dimensional PSNR Profile
Authors: Lo Shi Wei
Published: December 2013

This paper addresses a compact framework to matching video sequences through a PSNR-based profile. This simplify video profile is suitable to matching process when apply in disordered undersea videos. As opposed to using color and motion feature across the video sequence, we use the image quality of successive frames to be a feature of videos. We employ the PSNR quality feature to be a video profile rather than the complex contend-based analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed approach permits accurate of matching video. The performance is satisfactory on determine correct video from undersea dataset.
Design of a Magnetic Gear Set with Low Torque Ripple
Authors: Wu Yi Chang , Tseng Wan Tsun , Chen Yueh Dung
Published: December 2013

Non-contact magnetic gears have gained significant attention due to no mechanical fatigue, no lubrication, reduced maintenance, improved reliability, overload protection, physical isolation between input and output shafts, and potential for very high efficiency. However, it inherently suffers from a main disadvantage on the ripple of the transmitted torque that may causes vibration of the output shaft. This paper presents an external magnetic gear set with section-shaped magnets with low torque ripple. Finite-element method is used as an assistant tool for the magnetic field analysis and transmitted torque analysis. The effects of number of magnet poles on the maximum transmitted torque and torque ripple of the magnetic gear set are also discussed. It is of benefit to the further design purposes of magnetic gear mechanisms
Design and Optimization on Active Engine Mounting Systems for Vibration Isolation
Authors: Wong Pak Kin , Xie Zheng Chao , Cao Yu Cong , Li Ming
Published: December 2013

In this paper, based on the previous research experiences in the lumped parameter modeling and study of active control mounts model, a test bench model of ACM in powertrain is described and the vibration model is implemented in MATLAB. In order to validate the implementation of the state equations in this work, a finite element analysis (FEA) method is used in ANSYS and compared with analytical model for validate. After the validation, the control strategy is integrated into the analytical model by using the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method, which is a well know design technique that provides practical feedback gains. Furthermore, this work examines the application of genetic algorithms (GA) in optimizing the weight matrices of LQR. Finally, this work will be useful in improved prediction and performance of vehicle NVH.
Modeling of a Shape Memory Alloy Beam and its Stochastic Chaos
Authors: Ge Gen , Xu Jia
Published: December 2013

The van-der-pol hysteretic cycle was applied to describe the hysteretic nonlinear characteristic of the strain-stress relation of a shape memory alloy (SMA). A new model with nonlinear damping of a simply supported SMA beam was proposed. The Criterions determining the stochastic chaos is obtained by the random Melnikov approach. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis. Clear fractal boundaries of the system's safe basin is observed.
Parametric Study of a Micromixer with Convergent-Divergent Sinusoidal Walls
Authors: Afzal Arshad , Kim Kwang-Yong
Published: December 2013

A Parametric study of a passive micromixer with convergent-divergent channel walls of sinusoidal variation is conducted numerically using combined Navier-Stokes equations and convection-diffusion model for a Reynolds number range, 10 ≤ Re ≤ 70. Water and ethanol are used as working fluids for mixing analysis. Mixing performance was used to compare different configurations (layout) of the micromixer. In comparison with previously published design, which was based on Dean vortices in the sub-channels, the new configurations offered Dean vortices in the sub-channels and recirculation zones in the recesses of the channel for effective mixing. The proposed configurations are competitive in terms mixing performance and pressure loss. Finally, effect of two geometrical parameters viz. the ratio of throat-width to diameter of circular wall and the ratio of diameter of circular wall to amplitude, on mixing performance was studied over a chosen Reynolds number range.
Kinematic Analysis of an 8-Speed Bicycle Transmission Hub
Authors: Wu Yi Chang , Ren Pei Wun , Chen Li An
Published: December 2013

A transmission hub is a speed changing mechanism which is an important device in the transmission system of bicycles. This paper presents the kinematic analysis of an 8-speed bicycle transmission hub by using the fundamental circuit method. First, a distributed-flow type planetary gear mechanism, which consists of two parallel-connected transmission units and one differential unit, and the corresponding clutch sequence table of an 8-speed transmission hub are introduced. Based on the fundamental circuits, four kinematic equations of the transmission hub are derived. Then, the speed ratio of each speed is formulated, which is a function of gear ratios of external and internal gear pairs. By submitting the numbers of gear teeth into these formulas, the value of speed ratio at each speed can be calculated. Finally, the power-flow diagrams at related speeds are presented to illustrate the power-flow paths of the transmission hub.
Ground Vibration Characteristics for High-Speed Trains on Embankments
Authors: Chen Yit Jin , Lin Song Wei , Shen Yi Jiun
Published: December 2013

This study explores the characteristics of ground vibration induced by Taiwan high-speed trains on embankments. A series of field measurement data is used for evaluating near-field vibration, far-field vibration, and vibration influence distance. Various influence factors, including train speed, ground shear wave velocity, frequency dependence, and volume of the structure, are applied for evaluation. Based on the analyses, the near-field ground vibration mainly depends on the train speed, ground shear wave velocity, and frequency dependence. The far-field vibration propagation is affected by ground shear wave velocity and frequency dependence. In general, the high frequency range has the highest attenuation coefficient and the low frequency range has the lowest. The influence distance in hard ground is the farthest, whereas the soft ground is the shortest. Finally, a specific ground vibration assessment is established using these characteristics.
Dynamic Response of a Viscoelastic Damping Isolator under High Cyclic Loading
Authors: Huang Bo Wun , Tseng Jung Ge , Ke Y.L.
Published: December 2013

Viscoelastic damping isolator (VDI) is a new way to reduce the vibration of punch press in automobiles, motorcycles, IT, aerospace, mold and other industries. It not only reduces the vibration of large punching machine and equipment, but also decreases its maintenance costs and avoids endangering the surrounding environment. VDI is composed of partitions, damping fluid, steel springs and level adjusters. Different number of the partitions are welded on upper and lower rectangular steel plates, respectively. Steel springs are placed at the edges between the plates to support up to 150 tons of weight of the punch press. Screw level adjusters are place between lower and thick bottom plates to adjust the horizontal level of the isolator. The damping fluid is filled in the space between interlacing partitions approximate 60% of the height of the composed isolator. The impact energy produced by the presser is dissipated by shear deformation between the damping fluid and partitions. This article used 3D graphing software and finite element method (FEM) to investigate the dynamic characteristic of the damping isolator after impacted by the puncher. The normal mode analysis of the VDI is obtained. The isolator is settled within 0.3 seconds after 300,000 N shock impact and satisfies industrial specification of large punchers with loading frequency of 100 cycle/min.
Design of Geneva Mechanism with Curved Slots
Authors: Hsieh Jung Fa , Wang Fu Shou
Published: December 2013

A simple yet comprehensive method is proposed for the design of a Geneva indexing mechanism with curved slots. In the proposed approach, conjugate surface theory is employed to derive an analytical description of the profile of the curved slots with and without an offset feature. The use of an appropriate offset angle to eliminate the singular points and double-points on the profile of the curved slots is then demonstrated. Finally, a mock-up Geneva mechanism is constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The results confirm that the methodology presented in this study enables the integration of the design, analysis and machining tasks for a Geneva indexing mechanism, and therefore makes possible a flexible and automatic production process.
An Adaptive Parameter Tuning Method with On-Machine Weight Identification Function for CNC Machine Tools
Authors: Wang Shih Ming , Ouh Si Chi , Yen Chun Tai
Published: December 2013

Different inertia effect causes different control errors. To have an optimal control performance, the control parameters of a CNC machine tool should be adaptively tuned based on the variation of the weight of the workpiece in machining process. In this study, simulation based on a theoretical model was made to investigate the influence of inertial effect and friction force on the servo accuracy of a CNC machine tool’s. By using empirical method, an adaptive tuning system that can auto-tune the CNC control parameters based on the detected weight of workpiece was developed. An on-machine weight identification system that can on-machine identify the weight of the workpiece was developed. After integrating the two systems, a control parameter tuning system which can be implanted into CNC controller was developed with the macro executor. Experimental results have shown that the system can effectively improve the accuracy of a machine tool through adaptively tuning control parameters based on the current weight of the machined.