bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
XRD and EDX Analyses on the Formation of MgTiO3Phase in (Mg0.6Zn0.4)(Ti0.99Sn0.01)O3Powders Due to Calcination Temperature Variations
Authors: Ermawati F U
Published: November 2021

MgTiO3-based dielectric ceramics have been recognized as functional materials in the microwave telecommunications industry. Research and development on MgTiO3dielectric ceramics has therefore developed rapidly. This paper reports x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analyses on the formation of MgTiO3phase in (Mg0.6Zn0.4)(Ti0.99Sn0.01)O3powder due to variations in calcination temperature from 550 to 700°C for 2 h. The powder was synthesized via the dissolved metal mixing course using magnesium, zinc, titanium and tin metal powders (Merck) as starting materials. The Rietveld refinement on the XRD patterns of the samples revealed that increasing the calcination temperature reduces the molar% content of MgTiO3phase of from (97.91±1.51) at 550°C to (87.81±1.29) at 700 °C and causes a decrease in the diffraction peak intensity. The remaining % belongs to TiO2rutile. The calcination temperature also enlarged the size of MgTiO3unit cell volume. The EDX data on the atomic% ratio of the elements confirmed the presence of the phases. Discussion of these results is presented in detail in this paper.
Effect of Adding of Green Betel Leaf Extract and Honey on Mechanical Properties of Chitosan/PVA Hydrogel Wound Plaster
Authors: Chamidah N L F , Rahanti A B , Kadasih M D , Sharfina F D , Rohmawati L
Published: November 2021

Wound plasters on the market still have drawbacks, including lack of elasticity and stinging. Thus, there is a need for new materials from nature to be used as the base material for wound plasters, namely betel leaf extract and honey composited with PVA/chitosan. This study purpose to find out mechanical properties of wound plaster of chitosan/PVA with the composition of betel leaf extract and honey. The first stage is making hydrogel by mixing PVA and chitosan, and the second stage is extracting green betel leaves and honey by the maceration method. Then the two stages were mixed with a composition of 5wt%, 15wt%, and 25wt% green betel leaf extract. The results were tested for tensile strength to determine the elasticity properties of the wound plaster. In this study, the 25wt% betel leaf extract concentration had the best tensile strength value of 0.219 MPa, and the modulus of elasticity was 0.11 MPa.
The Performance of Turmeric Paper as an Indicator of The Borax Content in Crackers
Authors: Ermawati F U , Prahani B K , Dzulkiflih  , Yantidewi M , Zainuddin A
Published: November 2021

Borax is one of food additives that has been prohibited from being used by the Indonesian Government because it is dangerous to health. However, the fact is that borax has been widely added to several food products, such as skewered meatballs, school children’s snacks, bread, meatballs, tofu and crackers. Crackers containing borax is easily found in traditional markets. Short-term consumption of borax can cause various symptoms such as headache, fever, malaise, nausea or vomiting, pain in the upper abdomen and diarrhea. While long-term exposure to borax will have a more dangerous effect, which can cause stomach disorders, seizures to acute kidney failure which can lead to death. This paper reports a simple, easy and inexpensive test of borax content using a home-made turmeric paper on ten types of crackers purchased randomly in traditional market. The aim is that the borax content test can be carried out by anyone only by buying a few ingredients from the local market and pharmacy, and without the need to involve laboratory tests, but with accurate results when compared to laboratory tests. As a comparison, a flame test and a colour test on the borax content carried out in the laboratorium using the AOAC 18 ed. 2005 Official Method Boric Acid & Borates in Food 970.33 and the FI ed. V of 2014 General Identification Test <291> Borat method A on Page 1423 was also completed. Among the 10 crackers tested, six of them were detected to contain borax. These results are very consistent with the laboratory test results. The performance of the home made turmeric paper is therefore reliable.
Prezi Mind Mapping Media in Physics Learning: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zakhiyah I , Suprapto N , Setyarsih W
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the trend of the author’s topics and keywords that are widely used related to Media Prezi Mind Mapping, to determine the contribution of Indonesian researchers in related research topics at an international scope, and to find out future research opportunities with associated topics mainly in physics learning. This research method is library research with descriptive analysis method through the bibliometric approach. The article’s metadata was obtained from the search results of the Google Scholar database, which found 16.600 articles for 2016-2020 with the keyword ‘Mind Mapping in Learning’. Meanwhile, based on the Scopus database, 7 Scopus indexed articles were obtained for 2014-2020 with the keyword ‘Prezi Mind Mapping’. All metadata obtained is saved in.csv and .risformat for further visualization byVOS viewer. The results of data analysis show that trend fans and contributions Indonesian researchers still very little. It can pose a challenge for future research to prove how far the existence level of Prezi Mind Mapping is to continue to be developed. In addition, there are recommendations for collaboration on mind mapping research topics in learning with one of the related keywords, namely STAD (Student Team Achievement Division), hoping to produce a more efficient learning model, especially in physics, to be applied in future research.
Critical Thinking Skills on Physics Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bibliometric Analysis using VOSViewer
Authors: Jatmiko B , Sunarti T , Prahani B K , Hariyono E , Dwikoranto  , Wibowo F C , Mahtari S , Misbah  , Asy’ari M
Published: November 2021

Critical thinking skills (CTS) are still one of the research trends in this decade, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research will focus on generating a profile of CTS on physics learning during COVID-19 pandemic based on bibliometric analysis using VOSViewer. The findings indicated there were some parameters or interrelationships among variables to capture current and future trend of CTS on physics learning, such as analysis, implementation, effectiveness, effect, development, and technology. The research implications are supported by recent research: (1) These findings will provide an empirical basis for the development of physics education research, especially online physics learning during the COVID-19 pandemic to practice CTS; (2) CTS can still be a research trend in the latest research; (3) Digitization of physics learning is becoming a trend to be carried out gradually and continuously.
The Effect of PjBLL Online Platform on Student Collaboration Skills and Basic Science Process Skills During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dwikoranto  , Setiani R , Widiasih
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research to describe the effect of Project Based Laboratory Learning (PjBLL) on collaboration skills and basic science process skills of students. This type of research is quasi-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 60 first year students from two different classes who were enrolled in the Basic Physics course at the Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Surabaya Indonesia. The collaboration ability test on kinematics and particle dynamics was used to measure students’ collaboration skills, the basic science process skills test was used to measure students’ science process skills as a pre-test and post-test. The analysis of the results showed that students’ collaboration skills were complete on all indicators with gain scores in the high and sensitive categories, while basic science process skills were completed on all indicators with gain scores in the medium and high criteria. PjBLL Online platform can be used for lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Effect of ARICESA on Achievement Motivation and Understanding of Basic Science Concepts for Prospective Teacher Students
Authors: Putra D A , Setiani R , Dwikoranto  , Widiasih
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research to determine effect of the application ARICESA on student teacher achievement motivation and understanding of basic concepts. The subjects in this study were 34 students in the Department of Elementary School Teacher Education, Universitas Bhinneka PGRI Indonesia. One group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. The achievement motivation of prospective teachers is measured by a motivational questionnaire and understanding of basic concepts is measured by a conceptual test of concept understanding as a pre-test and post-test. Data analysis with t-test and prerequisite test and N-gains core. The results showed a significant increase in motivation effect for 5 indicators of achievement motivation with moderate criteria with an N-gain value range of 0.62 to 0.66 and the normalized mean N-gain is 0.65 in the medium criteria. There is a significant effect of increasing understanding of basic science concepts with a range of N-gain coefficients from 0.72 to 0.77 and a normalized average N-gain of 0.75 with high criteria.
A Profile of Scientific Literacy of Senior High School Students on Physics Learning
Authors: Azura F , Jatmiko B , Ibrahim M , Hariyono E , Prahani B K
Published: November 2021

In physics learning, students need to know the extent to which scientific concepts have been studied. Scientific literacy is the ability to make decisions based on scientific considerations, solve problems and apply the knowledge gained in everyday life. This study aims to scientifically analyse the scientific literacy ability of senior high school students on the kinetic theory of gases. The sample of this research is 90 high school students. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative. The results study show that high school students’ ability was very low, many students did not have scientific literacy ability on physics learning. The implications of this study can be used as empirical evidence that the scientific literacy of senior high school students on physics learning still needs to be improved.
Electromagnetic Wave Equation Approximation using FDTD method on Conductivity Material
Authors: Firdaus R A , Khoiro M , Asnawi A , Bustomi M A , Annovasho J
Published: November 2021

FDTD is a method that is applied in the simulation of electromagnetic waves. This study aims to simulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves on a material with conductivity and permittivity on the plate. The approximate form of Maxwell’s equations can be used to describe discrete electromagnetic waves. Signal analysis in the form of electromagnetic waves using position domains for magnetic field H and electric field E. By taking into consideration boundary conditions, stability, and boundary conditions, the proposed research employs the basic concept of differential equation method. The simulation results show that materials with high conductivity will cause the waves to decay. Under certain conditions, the relationship between the shape of the field to changes in conductivity and permittivity of the material is needed in the analysis process.
The potential influence of falling ice radiative effects on Central-Pacific El Niño variability under progressive global warming
Authors: Wang Li-Chiao , Li Jui-Lin Frank , Xu Kuan-Man , Dao Lan Thi , Lee Wei-Liang , Jiang Jonathan H , Fetzer Eric , Wang Yi-Hui , Yu Jia-Yuh , Chen Chao-An
Published: November 2021

The impacts of falling ice (snow) radiative effects (FIREs) on simulated surface wind stress and sea surface temperature (SST) in Central Pacific El Niño (CP-El Niño) under a progressive warming climate are examined. Using controlled simulations with the CESM1 model, it is shown that the exclusion of FIREs (no snow: NOS) generates persistent westerly anomalies in surface wind stress relative to that with FIREs (snow on: SON). These anomalies subsequently lead to a weakening of the easterly trade winds associated with warmer SST anomalies in modeled life cycle. Results over three separated 40 year intervals (P1: 21–60 years; P2: 61–100 years; P3: 101–140 years) are compared with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models without FIREs. Both NOS configuration and CMIP5 models simulate longer life cycles of CP-El Niño events with weakening easterlies and warmer SST anomalies on the equator, persistently propagating eastward from the mature to dissipating phases. Compared to NOS, SON, on the other hand, produces a shorter CP-El Niño life cycle together with stronger easterlies and colder SSTs over the eastern to central equatorial Pacific. The magnitudes of the simulated westerlies and warm SST anomalies tend to diminish without eastward shifting following the peak of the CP-El Niño activity. There are substantial differences in CP-El Niño characteristics from P1 to P3 between NOS and SON. During P1, both SON and NOS show patterns which are consistent with their present-day counterparts. In P2 and P3, SON exhibits a prolonged CP-El Niño life cycle, while NOS develops a double-peak El Niño evolution at the mature and decaying phases. Regarding El Niño diversity and the projections, the CMIP5 models have not reached a consensus. The inclusion of the FIREs would increase the confidence in simulating El Niño future behavior.
Divergent trajectories of ocean warming and acidification
Authors: Mortenson Eric , Lenton Andrew , Shadwick Elizabeth H , Trull Thomas W , Chamberlain Matthew A , Zhang Xuebin
Published: November 2021

The ocean provides a major sink for anthropogenic heat and carbon. This sink results in ocean changes through the dual stressors of warming and acidification which can negatively impact the health of the marine ecosystem. Projecting the ocean’s future uptake is essential to understand and adapt to further climate change and its impact on the ocean. Historical ocean uptake of heat and CO2 are tightly correlated, but here we show the trajectories diverge over the 21st century. This divergence occurs regionally, increasing over time, resulting from the unique combination of physical and chemical drivers. We explored this relationship using a high-resolution ocean model and a ‘business as usual’ CO2 emission pathway, and demonstrate that the regional variability in the carbon-to-heat uptake ratios is more pronounced than for the subsequent carbon-to-heat storage (change in inventory) ratios, with a range of a factor of 30 (6) in heat-to-carbon uptake (storage) ratios among the defined regions. The regional differences in heat and carbon trajectories result in coherent regional patterns for sea surface warming and acidification by the end of this century. Relative to the mean global change (MGC) at the sea surface of 2.55 °C warming and a decrease of 0.32 in pH, the North Pacific will exceed the MGC for both warming and acidification, the Southern Ocean for acidification only, and the tropics and midlatitude northern hemisphere will exceed MGC only for warming. Regionally, mapping the ocean warming and acidification informs where the marine environment will experience larger changes in one or both. Globally, the projected ocean uptake of anthropogenic heat and carbon informs the degree to which the ocean can continue to serve as a sink for both into the future.
PHEV! The PHysically-based Extreme Value distribution of river flows
Authors: Basso S , Botter G , Merz R , Miniussi A
Published: November 2021

Magnitude and frequency are prominent features of river floods informing design of engineering structures, insurance premiums and adaptation strategies. Recent advances yielding a formal characterization of these variables from a joint description of soil moisture and daily runoff dynamics in river basins are here systematized to highlight their chief outcome: the PHysically-based Extreme Value (PHEV) distribution of river flows. This is a physically-based alternative to empirical estimates and purely statistical methods hitherto used to characterize extremes of hydro-meteorological variables. Capabilities of PHEV for predicting flood magnitude and frequency are benchmarked against a standard distribution and the latest statistical approach for extreme estimation, by using both an extensive observational dataset and long synthetic series of streamflow generated for river basins from contrasting hydro-climatic regions. The analyses outline the domain of applicability of PHEV and reveal its fairly unbiased capabilities to estimate flood magnitudes with return periods much longer than the sample size used for calibration in a wide range of case studies. The results also emphasize reduced prediction uncertainty of PHEV for rare floods, notably if the flood magnitude-frequency curve displays an inflection point. These features, arising from the mechanistic understanding embedded in the novel distribution of the largest river flows, are key for a reliable assessment of the actual flooding hazard associated to poorly sampled rare events, especially when lacking long observational records.
Compound hot temperature and high chlorophyll extreme events in global lakes
Authors: Woolway R Iestyn , Kraemer Benjamin M , Zscheischler Jakob , Albergel Clément
Published: November 2021

An emerging concern for lake ecosystems is the occurrence of compound extreme events i.e. situations where multiple within-lake extremes occur simultaneously. Of particular concern are the co-occurrence of lake heatwaves (anomalously warm temperatures) and high chlorophyll-a extremes, two important variables that influence the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Here, using satellite observations, we provide the first assessment of univariate and compound extreme events in lakes worldwide. Our analysis suggests that the intensity of lake heatwaves and high chlorophyll-a extremes differ across lakes and are influenced primarily by the annual range in surface water temperature and chlorophyll-a concentrations. The intensity of lake heatwaves is even greater in smaller lakes and in those that are shallow and experience cooler average temperatures. Our analysis also suggests that, in most of the studied lakes, compound extremes occur more often than would be assumed from the product of their independent probabilities. We anticipate compound extreme events to have more severe impacts on lake ecosystems than those previously reported due to the occurrence of univariate extremes.
Quantum generalized hydrodynamics of the Tonks–Girardeau gas: density fluctuations and entanglement entropy
Authors: Ruggiero Paola , Calabrese Pasquale , Doyon Benjamin , Dubail Jérôme
Published: November 2021

We apply the theory of quantum generalized hydrodynamics (QGHD) introduced in (2020 Phys. Rev. Lett.
124 140603) to derive asymptotically exact results for the density fluctuations and the entanglement entropy of a one-dimensional trapped Bose gas in the Tonks–Girardeau (TG) or hard-core limit, after a trap quench from a double well to a single well. On the analytical side, the quadratic nature of the theory of QGHD is complemented with the emerging conformal invariance at the TG point to fix the universal part of those quantities. Moreover, the well-known mapping of hard-core bosons to free fermions, allows to use a generalized form of the Fisher–Hartwig conjecture to fix the non-trivial spacetime dependence of the ultraviolet cutoff in the entanglement entropy. The free nature of the TG gas also allows for more accurate results on the numerical side, where a higher number of particles as compared to the interacting case can be simulated. The agreement between analytical and numerical predictions is extremely good. For the density fluctuations, however, one has to average out large Friedel oscillations present in the numerics to recover such agreement.
Water quality assessment of Pattunuang River, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park for tourism
Authors: Putri I A , Ansari F
Published: November 2021

Pattunuang asue Nature Tourism Object is a primary destination at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. Visitors of Pattunuang asue used the Pattunuang river to conduct their activities, such as swimming, bathing, river tubing, and also used the river water for drinking and cooking. However, using river water for these activities needs to fulfill standard water quality for tourism activities and drinking water. Therefore, this study aims to determine the quality of the Pattunuang river water. Data of physical parameters and conditions of river water were conducted using the survey method. We also collected water samples using the purposive sampling method. Furthermore, these samples were analyzed at the laboratory to measure other physical data such as total suspended solids (TSS) and total dispended solids (TDS), chemical, and microbiology. Data were analyzed following water quality parameters, compared to several regulations regarding water quality standards for tourism and drinking water. The results showed that the Pattunuang river water fulfills most of the standard of physical quality for tourism and drinking water, except TDS. However, some chemical parameters exceeded the threshold for tourism and drinking water. Microbiology parameters meet the standard requirements for several regulations but did not meet the requirements for water that can be drunk directly. Furthermore, this study discussed how to overcome this problem.
Potential noise annoyance from ambient air quality measurement using high volume air sampler (HVAS)
Authors: Purwanto B , Zulfachmi
Published: November 2021

One of the benchmarks in air pollution is the quality of ambient air consisting of gas and particulate matter. Measurement of particulates in ambient air can be done using a High-Volume Air Sampler (HVAS). However, in the measurement process it sometimes causes noise annoyance to the community where the measuring instrument is operated, considering that the operating time of the instrument is 24 consecutive hours. This research identifies the value of the sound power level emitted from the several types of HVAS to the surrounding environment. There are two types of HVAS measured in this study consisting of one unit of HVAS with analogue flow control made by Indonesian manufacturer and two units of HVAS with digital flow control made by Japan and United States of America manufacturers. Sound power level is determined using ISO 9614 method with a sound intensity analyzer as the main instrument. The sound power level data for each HVAS were than compared and frequency spectrum distributions are evaluated. Based on the research results, it was found that some sample units emitted sound power levels of more than 90 dBA with dominant noise being at high frequencies starting from 4000 Hz. The results of the research can be used as an early information in the development of the HVAS regarding noise mitigation, because there is different approach for controlling noise specifics in low, mid and high frequencies noise source.
Assessment of communities’ water springs in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ansari F , Syahidan  , Dewantoro A , Putri I A S L P
Published: November 2021

Water is a vital component for living, but its distribution is uneven and becomes hard to obtain in some places. Generally, people use water sources from PDAM, rivers, wells, and springs. Springs are often used as a source of water which are used by the community. Unfortunately, the spring and its surrounding area are often disturbed, and their function is changed. Even though several activities have shifted the land cover around the spring area, it affects the spring's water quality. The study aims to find out the condition of the springs which are used by the people at Gowa Regency. The data was collected through a survey, and the spring sampling was carried out purposefully. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively. The study showed that springs are still an important source of water for rural communities. The results showed that the water quality of springs was feasible for household and other purposes. We found that the community seemingly has low awareness of preserving the spring. The area around the spring has been disturbed by community activities that are prone to polluting the springs.
Vertical forest: green open space alternative in urban area development
Authors: Pribadi M A , Septina A D , Lugina M , Indartik I
Published: November 2021

Addressing environmental problems in urban areas, the Law No. 26 of 2007 has mandated local governments to preserve Green Open Space (GOS) covering minimum 30% of its area. However, some local governments barely meet this obligation due to high price of lands and budget constraints. Meanwhile, an innovation in the form of vertical forest started to be applied in developed countries may be adopted to overcome the limited land constraint for developing GOS. This study was conducted to determine the opportunities for implementing vertical forest as an alternative solution for the constraints. In addition, it also aims to find out the possibility of its application for spatial planning policies so that it supports the national sustainable development goal. This study is an explorative research with qualitative method. The study concluded that vertical forest essentially is suitable to be implemented as an alternative solution to limited land for the GOS development. From the policy perspective, the development of vertical forest can encourage the competitiveness of the green city program. Therefore, the government need to design incentive policies for local governments and the private sectors to develop vertical forest. It is also necessary to adjust GOS developing regulation to become more accommodating so that vertical forest can be recognized as part of GOS.
Reducing erosion and eutrophication through soil and water conservation practices in upper Lake Rawapening
Authors: Abdiyani S , Cahyono S A , Falah F , Nugroho A W
Published: November 2021

Agriculture has been one of erosion and eutrophication sources in Lake Rawapening. Former research found massive fertiliser use on agricultural area in Rawapening catchment. Vegetable farming contributed the biggest percentage of Nitrogen and Phosphorus input that are 953.7 and 118 tons/year respectively. These were followed by irrigated paddy field with 845.8-ton Nitrogen/year and 208-ton Phosphorus/year. This lake has nine sub-watersheds: Parat, Sraten, Panjang, Kedungringin, Rengas, Legi, Galeh, Ringin, and Torong in which Panjang has the highest pollutant contribution to the lake. Since Panjang is the most significant sub-watershed and has extensive vegetable farming, therefore research to identify applicable practices in reducing erosion and eutrophication was undertaken in the area. Field surveys and interviews with landowners were employed. Field surveys included observing riparian, measuring catchment size, slopes, documenting existing land uses and ownerships. Interviews involved 52 landowners in Dusun Bendo and Ngonto, Desa Candi, Kecamatan Bandungan, Kabupaten Semarang. Based on existing practices and potential techniques, we propose soil and water conservation practices variables. They can be grouped into three: runoff farming, mini bridges, and terrace strengthening. Runoff farming consists of three techniques: individual/group infiltrating wells, on-site sediment traps, and drainage enhancement. Majority landowners choose infiltrating well for its easiness on obtaining materials and constructing. They also believe that wells have no disturbance on their vegetables. On-site sediment traps are rejected because of inundation concern, but farmers with very small landownership consider this choice as long as the traps has drainage system. Almost all farming land have mini bridges and terraces. They acknowledge that terraces were inherited from their predecessors.
The analysis of carbon footprint of the settlement activity in the village of Pedurungan District, Semarang City, Central Java Province
Authors: Rahmila Y I , Kusuma I M , Syafrudin
Published: November 2021

Some important sectors influenced the increase of greenhouse gases, such as waste, transportation, settlement, and agricultural sectors. This research aimed to analyze the amount of CO2 emissions, map the carbon footprint, and analyze tree capability in reducing CO2 in 12 villages in Pedurungan district, Semarang city, Central Java. The method used was based on IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2006 and Ministry of Environment 2012 about the Implementation of National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Guidelines. The carbon footprint was mapped using ArcGIS software. The results showed that the energy sector produced 13.723,35 tons CO2 Eq, the transportation sector emitted 1.624,58 tons CO2 Eq, and the waste sector emitted 7.677,08 CO2 Eq. The carbon footprint map was presented in three classifications of carbon footprint: lower, middle, and upper, represented by green, yellow, and red colors. An effort to reduce the carbon footprint was planting 300 trees of ten species in the Pedurungan district.
Geotechnical parameter study and solidification of Marine Sediment for Road Engineering
Authors: Axel Mani , Zhibo Duan
Published: November 2021

The Chinese coastal areas are the environment of multiple activities, and navigation occupies an important place. Dredging operations maintain access to port structures carried out regularly. These sediments’ fate is problematic in Jiangsu province due to significant contamination of organic and mineral pollutants. A company called Nature Way aims to solve this problem. It is deeply committed to the treatment and use of sediment dredged from the seabed and uses proprietary solidification technology to transform all kinds of silt waste into new engineered materials that replace sand and sand. Gravel and traditional techniques and can be used as foundation materials for various projects in loose soil areas. In this work, we first studied the physic-chemical characterization of raw materials sediments supplied by Nature Way Corporation from Jiangsu province. Secondly, we have to mix the raw sediment and the solidifying agents and test the mechanical performance at 3%, 5% and 7% in a time interval of 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. Finally, we have to measure the (CBR) “California Bearing Ratio” after 28 days, mix with the binder at 3%, 5%, 7%.
Experimental study on Strength Attainment of concrete containing silica fume and fly ash
Authors: Raj Kishore G.V.V.
Published: November 2021

Increased utilization of cement in recent construction techniques leads to the global gas emission and involves high cost. Many researchers investigated the incorporation of pozzolanic materials in the cement in order to reduce its notorious effects on the environment which directed this research in order to develop high strength concrete by partially replacing supplementary cementitious materials with the cement. This study represents the experimental investigation on concrete which is blended with class F fly ash and silica fume in order to obtain high strength concrete. For this purpose, silica fume is used in 6%, 9% fly ash is replaced with 30%,40% and 50% by weight of cement. The specimens were subjected to curing up to 90 days and conducted tests in order to determine the mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength and durability properties like RCPT and UPV. Based on the experimental results, addition of 6% silica fume and fly ash at 30% replacement is high strength attainment as well as durability in the concrete.
An Experimental Study on Geopolymer Concrete by Using Flyash, GGBS and Alccofine
Authors: Nagaraju O. , Ritesh J. , Venkata Reddy T C
Published: November 2021

In this study concentrated on the development of GPC by using industrial waste products such as fly ash, alccofine (1203) and GGBS. GPC is an advanced eco-friendly concrete manufactured by activating source minerals rich in alumina and silica by alkaline liquids to form aluminosilicates based on inorganic polymers. Where cement was complete replaced with mix proportion of 50% fly ash, 25% alccofine (1203) and 25% GGBS for different molarities (8M, 10M and 12M) of alkaline activators which is solving the problem of unsustainable usage of limestone and pollutant related to the manufacturing process of cement. The present paper reports the cube compressive strength, cylindrical split tensile strength and flexural strength of GPC and which is compared with M25 grade of control specimens. It was observed that the strength of GPC is increased than normal concrete as molarities increases of 8 M, 10M and 12M. The paper explains about the effectiveness of fly ash, alccofine (1203) and GGBS materials.
Experimental study of low carbon emission alternative concrete
Authors: Prasanth Muddana Surya , Karumudi Raghava
Published: November 2021

Urbanization and mass construction of housing will increase the consumption of cement and available natural resources such as sand and water. The production of cement generated from various industries leads to the emission of carbon dioxide gas in huge quantities into the atmosphere and creates serious problems in handling and disposal. So, the replacement of conventional materials with alternative materials for the preparation of concrete is needed. If the alternative cementitious and industrial waste materials are found suitable in replacing the ingredients of concrete then it can reduce the cost of construction. The present paper represents an experimental study of low carbon emission alternative concrete by replacing conventional concrete materials with alternative materials like geopolymer as binding material, copper and ferrous slag as fine aggregates, steel slag as coarse aggregates, and alkaline solution as an activator. Study made to examine the properties of low carbon emission alternative concrete proposed. The fresh and hardened state characteristics of low carbon emission alternative concrete are evaluated for both oven and ambient curing conditions. It is noticed that the time taken to achieve the strength by oven curing is less than ambient curing but had no major difference in load-carrying capacity and the results obtained are in good concurrence with conventional concrete.
Reduction of Particulate Matter on Road using Dust Accumulator
Authors: Bhorkar M P , Marwade A , Piprade S , Khutafale S , Gadhave V
Published: November 2021

Increasing air pollution is always matter of problem for entire world, especially for Asian Countries because of the population and developing industries in the countries. This is the main reason for increase in AQI (Air Quality Index) of various regions of India. AQI reflects, how polluted the air in current situation is? AQI implies amount of pollutants that are present in air. Pollutants are PM10, PM2.5, SO2, O3, NO2, CO where SO2, O3, NO2 & CO are the pollutants which are mostly affected by the chemical activities by industries where as PM10 and PM2.5 are the particulate matters of size 10 micron and 2.5 micron respectively. These two are responsible for respiratory diseases like asthma and lung diseases. Hence it is utmost necessary to reduce these particulate matters from the road, which will help in reducing AQI of the environment. There are many devices available in the market to reduce these pollutants which work to achieve the aim. An attempt is made in this research to reduce the pollutants from the air which is installed on the vehicle with the system, which collects the particulate matter very efficiently. Here in this paper a pilot scale equipment is manufactured which helps individual vehicle to contribute in reducing AQI and also it will be flexible and economical solution to absorb dual emissions.
Behavior of Simply Supported Concrete Beam Using CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer)
Authors: Shivankar Akshay , Dabhekar K.R. , Patil P.B. , Mase D.P. , Khedikar I.P.
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of beam with the use of CFRP composite by experimentally and by ANSYS and compare both the results and compare load carrying capacity. For experimentally we cast Nine no’s of beam of size 100×100×400 mm, of M30 grade of concrete and curing for 7 days and after 7 days curing we conduct UPV test and find homogeneity of concrete beam and decided carbon fiber wrapping techniques we create two set of beam with 230 GSM wrapped with double layer and two set of beam with 430 GSM wrapped with double layer and two set of beam with 430 GSM wrapped with single layer, and 3 control beams without wrapping and test for flexural strength and by this test we observe the ultimate load carrying capacity and flexural strength of carbon fiber wrapped beam is increased as compare to control beams.
Analysis and Design of Fly Over
Authors: Harsha Vardhan G , Venkateswara Rao A.
Published: November 2021

Bridges remain the key components in any road network for infrastructure development. For use of prestress girder type bridges become popular for the reason that of its stability, economy, serviceability, aesthetic appearance and structural competence. The grillage analysis method for analysing bridge structures has been in use. In this work, an attempt is made to provide advise on grillage idealisation of the structure, as well as background information. The mesh layout is explained in detail. Analysis of proposal of prestressed concrete bridges are carried out using relevant IRC codes and IS codes. The bridge deck is analysed by grillage analysis. The present work was accepted out to exterior girder of span 28.2 m, width 12.5 m and with thickness of slab as 0.225m. The members are designed for maximum shear forces & bending moment. Losses of stress due to friction, anchorage slip, elastic shortening concrete & relaxation of stress in steel are also considered. The analysis has analysed by STAAD PRO software
Effects of fillers on stability properties of stone matrix asphalt mix
Authors: Naga Seshu Babu T , Pavan Kumar J , Vijaya Chandra J , Siva Kishore I
Published: November 2021

Failures in asphalts occurs because of the development of vehicles with high intensity of loads tends to increase in usage of automobiles which results in use of rut resistant Bituminous mixes in the surface course. Rutting and Fatigue cracking are the results of the damage caused due to primary parameters. Cracking can be prevented by maintaining Probable temperature during the preparation of bituminous mix to the laying of mixes. To prevent rutting, the Stone lattice black-top also known as Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) can be utilized as a fraction of the bituminous layer. In this study SMA is preferred to check its implementation in all viewpoint such as stability (kg), volume of voids in mineral aggregates (VMA,) deformation (mm), with the usage of different types of Non Conventional fillers which enhances the properties of the mix. Fillers plays a vital role in improving the stability and durability, where as reduction leads to increase voids in the mix. Distinctive fillers like glass powder, magnetite, cement kiln powder and fly ash have been used in the mixes. Twelve sets of test sample were set up by utilizing typical sorts of filler having varied sum in the mixture. Samples prepared at diverse asphalt contents(4.5%,5.5%,6.5%) respectively varying fillers. The Marshall properties obtained for the conventional filler flyash has been set up to exhibit higher stability contrasted with magnetite, glass powder, cement kiln Powder, but have satisfied the minimum requirements. Magnetite filler indicates least deformation at 5.5 % bitumen content and the rate of air voids from the results they are observed to be diminished with the expansion of bitumen substance.
Status of Agro-Industrial Waste Used to Develop Construction Materials in Andhra Pradesh Region – India
Authors: Chilukuri Sravan , Kumar Sanjeet , Raut Ashwin
Published: November 2021

In today’s world concrete is one of the major construction materials. With the growth in industrialization and urbanization the demand for the concrete has taken a new pace. Therefore, to fulfill the demand huge amounts of natural resources has to be exploited for the production of the cement because natural resources and raw materials are major constituents in the production. At the same time huge quantities of industrial and agricultural wastes are generating in developing countries and are posing serious risk to the environment as well as human health. So, by utilizing these wastes as a supplementary material in construction reduces the usage of natural resources in the cement as well as decreases the threat of wastes in the environment. Many researchers have proved the effective utilization of wastes in the construction industry as they are more reliable and promote sustainability. This paper reviews waste generation and its statistics as well as environmental implication caused by wastes. It also high lights the possible ways of wastes that can be used in construction, preparation of blocks, insulators etc. This study also provides summary of existing research about usage of Agri and industrial wastes in the construction industry. In addition, paper shows application of wastes in real time construction.
Effect of size and depth on capacities of strip footings in limiting settlement approach
Authors: Shetty Tanisha , Sajeev Sanjana , Ali Mir Basith , Vandanapu Ramesh
Published: November 2021

Structural and geotechnical engineers very often seek different options while deciding foundation sizes for buildings. In this research, the effect of different sizes and depths of strip footings below existing ground are studied based on the load bearing capacity using Geo5 spread footing software. Only vertical loadings were taken into account for this study. Four different strip footing widths (1.0m, 1.5m, 2.0m and 2.5m) were modeled under three different loads, 260kN, 600kN and 1000kN. The ground profile considered in this work was having a 2.0m thick weak layer at 6.0m below the existing ground level. Results showed that as the depth of footing increases, the depth of influence underneath the footing and settlement decreases. Also, it was noticed that as the footing width increases, the influence zone’s depth below the footing that passing the weak layer increases.
Effects of Different Expansive Agents on the Properties of Expansive Cementitious Materials
Authors: Mahmood Abir , Amrul Kaish A. B. M. , Raman Sudharshan N. , Jamil M. , Hamid Roszilah
Published: November 2021

Cracking happens in the case of restricted volumetric shrinking in cementitious materials which has a negative influence on the mechanical characteristics and longevity of concrete materials and hence, reduces the life of concrete structures. Many techniques have been developed to reduce the shrinkage cracking of concrete among which, usage of expansive agents (EA) has been utilised for decades. Different types of EA creates divergence due to its chemical characteristics. In this paper, three main categories (CaO, MgO & Sulphoaluminate based) EA have been reviewed based on four criteria of concrete structures, such as strength, expansibility, durability and flowability. The review clearly indicates that CaO-based EA boosts the strength but unable to control the temperature rise, which results in thermal cracking in the long run. While MgO-based EA is vastly used in China and Sulphoaluminate based EA have been industrially used worldwide for decades, both of these agents can successfully compensate thermal shrinkage while maintaining adequate mechanical strength and durability. Beside all this differences, all types of EA have been reported to decelerate the flowability of the concrete.
Optimization of Bolted Connection in Steel Corbel Attach to RC Column of MRT Viaduct
Authors: Hamid Yazmin Sahol , Mansor Hazrina , Razak Amir Atif Abdul , Bukhory Haikal Ajmal Bin , Ahmad Nursafarina
Published: November 2021

MRT is one of the backbones of a city’s public transportation system, capable of carrying large crowds. The use of a portal frame in the design of an MRT train station has raised significant concerns about how the portal frame’s load will be supported by the extended structure element known as a corbel. A corbel is a protruding structural element that supports weights like primary beams and girders. Engineers must then decide how to properly bolt the steel corbel structure to the concrete pier segment or columns. Generally, most corbel structure designs were constructed of concrete; however, in this study corbel design was made of steel so that the steel portal frame could rest on the corbel structure, allowing for more usable area on the platform, such as kiosks and other amenities. Optimization of end plate thickness and beam web thickness is carried out. Manual calculations are used in addition to FEA modeling to examine the bolt’s deflection, shear, bearing, tension, slip, and block tearing resistance. When using Eurocode, all three loadings, transverse force, vertical force, and transverse moment, produce values that are 10% lower than the British Standard. As a result, designers can optimize their designs using Eurocode.
Flexural Capacity of RC Beams with Opening Strengthened using CFRP Sheet
Authors: Jusoh M M , Ali N , Abdul Hamid N A , Salleh N , Abdullah S R , Shahidan S
Published: November 2021

The use of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) in strengthening has found to be an effective material which comprises of characteristic that comply to the requirement of structural component. CFRP was selected as strengthening material because of the capability to resist the corrosion and could regain the loss capacity due to presence of opening. The opening in structural member was essential in order to provide the route for the utility pipe, air conditioning, water supply and electrical conduit. However, the presence of opening has contributed to the reduction of stiffness, increase of deflection and extension of cracking of the beams. Therefore, this research was conducted to overcome the problem where the flexural capacity and the load deflection behavior of RC beam with opening strengthened by using CFRP sheet was analyzed. A total of five beam have been casted and tested. The specimens consist of beams with different type of opening which are rectangular and circular. The size of all specimen was 200 mm width, 250 mm height and 2000 mm for total length. The size of circular opening was 150 mm in diameter while rectangular opening was 150 x 200 mm. Bi-directional CFRP sheet were applied at the opening area as strengthening material and all beams were tested until failure. All of specimen were produced with the designed using 30 mm concrete cover, 6 mm link size and 10mm main bar size. The testing of specimens comprises of cube compressive test and four-point load for beam testing in order the determine the flexural strength of RC beam. The result from this research indicated that strengthened beam with circular opening which is SBOC-BI exhibit the highest ultimate load of 71.5 kN with flexural failure as the mode of failure.