bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Method for the Isolation and Purification of Trigonelline as Hydrochloride from Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Authors: AL-Khateeb Iqbal Hasan
Published: March 2020

Separation of Trigonelline, the major alkaloid in fenugreek seeds, is difficult because the extract of these seeds usually contains Trigonelline, choline, mucilage, and steroidal saponins, in addition to some other substances. This study amis to isolate the quaternary ammonium alkaloid (Trigonelline) and choline from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella-foenum graecum L.) which have similar physiochemical properties by modifying of the classical method. Seeds were defatted and then extracted with methanol. The presence of alkaloids was detected by using Mayer's and Dragendorff's reagents. In this work, trigonilline was isolated with traces of choline by subsequent processes of purification using analytical and preparative TLC techniques. Further identification was done by using HPLC, IR and MP. Pure Trigonelline was isolated from the seeds of Trigonella-foenum graecum excluding other alkaloid like choline. In this study, a new, fast and convenient method for isolation and purification of Trigonelline from fenugreek seeds has been established. Unlike other methods, this one excludes all the non-alkaloidal components from the fenugreek seeds extract.
Detection of 16S rRNA Methylases and Co-Resistance with β-lactams among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Iraqi Patients
Authors: Et al. Mustafa
Published: March 2020

Out of 150 clinical samples, 50 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified according to morphological and biochemical properties. These isolates were collected from different clinical samples, including 15 (30%) urine, 12 (24%) blood, 9 (18%) sputum, 9 (18%) wound, and 5 (10%) burn. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) assay revealed that 25 (50%) of isolates were resistant to gentamicin (≥16µg/ml), 22 (44%) of isolates were resistant to amikacin (≥64 µg/ml), 21 (42%) of isolates were resistant to ertapenem (≥8 µg/ml), 18 (36%) of isolates were resistant to imipenem (4- ≥16µg/ml), 43 (86%) of isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone (4- ≥64 µg/ml), 42 (84%) of isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (16-64 µg/ml), and 40 (80%) of isolates were resistant to cefepime (4- ≥16µg/ml). Co-Resistance for both β-lactams and aminoglycosides were detected among 25 (50%) of K. pneumoniae isolates. The extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected among 25 (50%) of K. pneumoniae isolates. Screening of 16S rRNA methylases  encoding genes revealed that armA was found in 5 (10%) of K. pneumoniae isolates, whereas rmtB was not found among K. pneumoniae isolates. DNA sequencing of armA revealed that the presence of missense mutations in which affected in the translation of protein by substitutions of amino acids, leading to increase the resistance values of MICs for gentamicin and amikacin. These variants were registered in NCBI at the accession number LC373258. The phylogenetic tree of armA variants showed a slight deviation of these variants from K. pneumoniae species.
Removing of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions Using Dried Yogurt, and Studying Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters
Authors: Et al. Sultan
Published: March 2020

In this study, Yogurt was dried and milled, then shaked with distilled water to remove the soluble materials, then again dried and milled. Batch experiments were carried out to remove hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions. Different parameters were optimized such as amount of adsorbent, treatment time, pH and concentration of adsorbate. The concentrations of Cr6+ in solutions are determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometer.  Maximum percentage removal of Cr6+ was 82% at pH 2. Two equilibrium adsorption isotherms mechanisms are tested Langmuir and Freundlich, the results showed that the isotherm obeyed to Freundlich isotherm. Kinetic models were applied to the adsorption of Cr6+ ions on the adsorbents, pseudo-first-order, the pseudo second-order respectively. Results showed that pseudo second-order kinetic model was applicable to the experimental data well. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔGº, ΔHº and ΔSº were calculated. ∆H°, ∆S° and ΔGº for this study were negative indicating that the process is exothermic, while negative values of ΔGº indicate spontaneous process.
Measuring Uranium Concentrations in Soil Samples of Midland Refineries Company - Doura - Baghdad – Iraq
Authors: Et al. Mahdi
Published: March 2020

In this study, the CR-39 detector technique was used, to estimate the uranium concentration from the soil in midland refineries Company (Doura refine (, Baghdad, Iraq. Uranium concentrations in soil samples have been measured using solid state nuclear track detector type CR-39.  Nine soil samples were collected from different areas within the Doura refinery and other soil samples were collected form Abu Tayara Street and ALshortaa District outside the refinery for comparison. The results showed variable values for uranium concentrations. The average value of uranium concentration was found to be 0.37 ppm in doura refinery. For areas outside the refinery, the concentration of uranium was 0.008 ppm. These results were less than the global limit.
Investigation of Superhydrophobic/Hydrophobic Materials Properties Using Electrospinning Technique
Authors: Et al. Jaafar
Published: March 2020

The aim of this research is to study the surface alteration characteristics and surface morphology of the superhydrophobic/hydrophobic nanocomposite coatings prepared by an electrospinning method to coat various materials such as glass and metal. This is considered as a low cost method of fabrication for polymer solutions of Polystyrene (PS), Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and Silicone Rubber (RTV). Si were prepared in various wt% of composition for each solutions. Contact angle measurement, surface tension, viscosity, roughness tests were calculated for all specimens. SEM showed the morphology of the surfaces after coated. PS and PMMA showed superhydrophobic properties for metal substrate, while Si showed hydrophobic characteristics for both metal and glass substrate. Polymer solution of (15%Si/Thinner (Th)) owned best roughness for glass substrate and polymer solution of (4%PMMA/Tetrahydrofuran (THF)) owned best roughness for metal substrate.
An Analysis of a Partial Temporary Immunity SIR Epidemic Model with Nonlinear Treatment Rate
Authors: Et al. Majeed
Published: March 2020

A partial temporary immunity SIR epidemic model involv nonlinear treatment rate is proposed and studied. The basic reproduction number  is determined. The local and global stability of all equilibria of the model are analyzed. The conditions for occurrence of local bifurcation in the proposed epidemic model are established. Finally, numerical simulation is used to confirm our obtained analytical results and specify the control set of parameters that affect the dynamics of the model.
Common Fixed Point of a Finite-step Iteration Algorithm Under Total Asymptotically Quasi-nonexpansive Maps
Authors: Et al. Abed
Published: March 2020

Throughout this paper, a generic iteration algorithm for a finite family of total asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive maps in uniformly convex Banach space is suggested. As well as weak / strong convergence theorems of this algorithm to a common fixed point are established. Finally, illustrative numerical example by using Matlab is presented.
Simbólicas: vínculo femenino-cromático en Eguren
Authors: Llontop Gutiérrez Susan Stephanie
Published: March 2020

En este artículo, nos hemos centrado en los poemas «Ananké», «Dama i», «Diosa ambarina», «La Walkyria» y «Syhna la blanca», del poemario Simbólicas, de José María Eguren, para determinar ciertas cualidades presentes en el universo femenino. La caracterización que se otorga a estos personajes femeninos está colmada de colores, con los cuales se describe su fuero interior y su exterior, así como también su entorno. De esta forma, la poética egureniana nos demuestra que el uso del símbolo sirve para evidenciar la insuficiencia de las palabras, del lenguaje, para transmitir un rasgo, una idea.
Lima, enero de 1881: saqueo, matanza, guerra de razas y Comuna
Authors: Guzmán Palomino Luis
Published: March 2020

Se describen los sucesos acontecidos en Lima y el Callao tras los desastres de San Juan y Miraflores. Anarquía, caos y terror, saqueos, matanzas y combates, entre la tarde del 15 y la madrugada del 17 de enero de 1881, lapso durante el cual la sangre corrió en abundancia y se culpó a los «comunistas» de haber generado el desorden. Testimonios de observadores peruanos, chilenos y extranjeros aluden a ello, como también a la presencia protagónica de sectores lumpenescos; incluso hablan de una guerra de razas. Las pérdidas económicas se calcularon en dos millones de pesos y hubo varios centenares de muertos, sobre todo entre os chinos, cuyas casas y comercios fueron arrasados, y también entre el lumpen severamente reprimido por una numerosa Guardia Urbana, formada por residentes extranjeros, que aquietó la ciudad para que fuese tomada por los invasores chilenos. Un capítulo soslayado de la llamada Campaña de Lima.
Normativa laboral para adolescentes en el Perú y la eficacia normativa
Authors: Bobadilla Yzaguirre Magali Beatriz
Published: March 2020

El presente estudio quiere exponer la realidad peruana del adolescente trabajador. Los adolescentes trabajadores con 14 años son objeto de protección normativa desde hace aproximadamente 100 años en el Perú y, a pesar de que nuestras normas de protección han sido armonizadas al contexto internacional a través de los convenios internacionales, no se ha logrado un adecuado ejercicio de los derechos por los interesados, lo que genera informalidad. Todo esto a pesar de contar con normas jurídicas válidas que cumplen los supuestos de eficacia, pero que en la realidad no ofrecen el progreso anhelado.
Habilidades del pensamiento crítico en estudiantes universitarios a través de la investigación
Authors: Cangalaya Sevillano Luis Miguel
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación parte de la noción de pensamiento crítico de Richard Paul y Linda Elder, quienes lo abordan como una capacidad que permite la mejora del pensamiento en sí mismo, pues permite adquirir el conocimiento, la comprensión y la introspección. A partir de ahí se desarrollan las habilidades que este posee para su desarrollo en los estudiantes de educación superior: argumentación, análisis, solución de problemas y evaluación. En el caso de los estudiantes universitarios, se afirma que estas habilidades son indispensables para promover el pensamiento crítico, siempre con el refuerzo del docente, pues es fundamental su figura para motivar a los estudiantes. La manera de concretar el pensamiento crítico en las aulas será a través de trabajos de investigación que estimulen la reflexión del estudiante dentro de su contexto, pues el desarrollo de este, con criterios claros, permitirá establecer una relación directa con las habilidades de este tipo de pensamiento. Por tanto, se concluye que un trabajo de investigación en la universidad permite que el estudiante desarrolle las características de un pensador crítico.
La identidad social en la educación: hacia una participación ciudadana
Authors: Guanipa Ramírez Luis F. , Angulo Giraldo Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2020

La sociedad, como proceso de interacción humana, ha enfrentado diferentes perspectivas en su abordaje multidimensional. Esto tal vez ha influenciado a la educación como hecho social e histórico-ciudadano, y la ha sometido a los modelos económicos, políticos y sociales, que se han desarrollado en el mundo entero, lo que ha dado nacimiento, en cada momento de la historia de la humanidad, a nuevos modelos educativos en respuesta a necesidades y avances. Al mismo tiempo, la educación se presenta como un elemento modelador de personas y desarrolla la identidad de los seres humanos. La identidad social se muestra como el sentido de pertenencia de un individuo a la sociedad. Adopta comportamientos y formas de pensar, e influye significativamente en la formación de valores cívicos, especialmente la participación en la toma de decisiones ciudadanas.
Clasificación teórica de los costos
Authors: Rincón-Soto Carlos Augusto , Sánchez-Mayorga Ximena , Cardona-Restrepo Lelia Marcela
Published: March 2020

Rev.esc.adm.neg

En este artículo se realiza una explicación teórica sobre las diferentes estructuras de categorización de costos, dado que la literatura clásica sobre este tema no permite que se integren nuevas categorías. En consideración al carácter práctico de dichos contenidos fue necesario realizar un análisis estructuralista que permitiera explicar las relaciones lógicas y semánticas que deberían utilizarse en la formulación de conceptos para la clasificación de los componentes de los costos. En la primera parte se discute, entonces, la simetría entre las categorías de la información de costos y la situación que representan. En la segunda se explica por qué dicha información se presenta en indicadores. Posteriormente, se caracteriza cómo se clasifican los fenómenos de costos y cuáles son las reglas que se han seguido para formular los taxones con los que se representa actualmente la información y finalmente, se exponen los procesos de componetización de los costos. De este modo fue posible concluir que se debe establecer una correspondencia entre los cambios de las nuevas formas contractuales económicas y los ajustes en las formas conceptuales de los costos a fin de que siga representando el consumo real en el proceso productivo, puesto que, de lo contrario, la contabilidad de costos se alejará de su función básica, esto es, describir la situación de los egresos para la evaluación, el control y la toma de decisiones bajo nuevos tipos de contratos y mercados.
Integration of Pressure Transient Data into Reservoir Models Using the Fast Marching Method
Authors: Li Chen , King Michael J.
Published: March 2020

Calibration of reservoir model properties by integration of well-test data remains an important research topic. Well-test data have been recognized as an effective tool to describe transient flow behavior in petroleum reservoirs. It is also closely related to the drainage volume of the well and the pressure-front propagation in the subsurface. Traditional analytic means of estimating reservoir permeability relies on an interpretation of the diagnostic plot of the well pressure and production data, which usually leads to a bulk average estimation of the reservoir permeability. When more detailed characterization is needed, a forward model that is sensitive to the reservoir heterogeneity needs to be established, and a numerical inversion technique is required.

We use the concept of the diffusive time of flight (DTOF) to formulate an asymptotic solution of the diffusivity equation that describes transient flow behavior in heterogeneous petroleum reservoirs. The DTOF is obtained from the solution of the Eikonal equation using the fast marching method (FMM). It can be used as a spatial coordinate that reduces the 3D diffusivity equation to an equivalent 1D formulation. We investigate the drainage-volume evolution as a function of time in terms of the DTOF. The drainage volume might be directly related to the well-test derivative, which can be used in an inversion calculation to calibrate reservoir model parameters.

The analytic sensitivity coefficients of the well-test derivative with respect to reservoir permeability are derived and incorporated into an objective function to perform model calibration. The key to formulating the sensitivity coefficients is to use the functional derivative of the Eikonal equation to derive the analytic sensitivity of the DTOF to reservoir permeability. Its solution is implemented by tracking the characteristic trajectory of the local Eikonal solver within the FMM. The major advantage of calculating the sensitivity coefficients using the FMM is its significant computational efficiency during the iterative inversion process.

This inverse-modeling approach is tested on a 2D synthetic heterogeneous reservoir model and then applied to the 3D Brugge Field, where a single well with constant flow rate is simulated. The well-test derivative is shown to be inversely proportional to the drainage volume and is treated as the objective function for inversion. With an additional constraint to honor the prior model, our inverse-modeling approach will adjust the reservoir model to obtain permeability as a function of distance from the well within the drainage volume. It provides a modification of reservoir permeability both within and beyond the depth of investigation (DOI).
Effective-Stress Coefficients of Porous Rocks Involving Shocks and Loading/Unloading Hysteresis
Authors: Civan Faruk
Published: March 2020

A critical review, examination, and clarification of the various issues and problems concerning the definition and dependence of the effective-stress coefficients of porous-rock formations is presented. The effective-stress coefficients have different values for different rock properties because the physical mechanisms of rock deformation can affect the various rock properties differently. The alteration of petrophysical properties occurs by the onset of various rock-deformation/damaging processes, including pore collapsing and grain crushing, and affects the values of the effective-stress coefficients controlling the different petrophysical properties of rock formations. The slope discontinuity observed in the effective-stress coefficients of naturally or induced fractured-rock formations during loading/unloading, referred to as a shock effect, is essentially related to deformation of fractures at less than the critical effective stress and deformation of matrix at greater than the critical effective stress. The hysteresis observed in the effective-stress coefficients of heterogeneous porous rocks during loading/unloading is attributed to elastic deformation under the fully elastic predamage conditions, and/or irreversible pore-structure-alteration/deformation processes.

A proper correlation of the Biot-Willis coefficient controlling the bulk volumetric strain is developed using the data available from various sources in a manner to meet the required endpoint-limit conditions of the Biot-Willis coefficient, ranging from zero to unity. The modified power-law equation presented in this paper yields a physically meaningful correlation because it successfully satisfies the low-end- and high-end-limit values of the Biot-Willis coefficient and also provides a better quality match of the available experimental data than the semilogarithmic equation and the popular basic power-law equation. It is shown that the semilogarithmic correlation cannot predict the values of the Biot coefficient beyond the range of the data because it generates unrealistic values approaching the negative infinity for the Biot coefficient for the low-permeability/porosity ratio and unrealistically high values approaching the positive infinity for the high-permeability/porosity ratio. The basic power-law equation is not adequate either because it can only satisfy the low-end value but cannot satisfy the high-end value of the Biot coefficient. The correlation developed in this paper from the modified power-law equation is effectively applicable over the full range of the Biot-Willis coefficient, extending from zero to unity. To the best of the author's knowledge, this paper is the first to present an effective theory and formulation of the convenient correlation of the Biot-Willis poroelastic coefficient that not only satisfies both of the two endpoint-limit values of the Biot-Willis coefficient but also produces the best match of the available experimental data.
Development of a Highly Elastic Composite Gel through Novel Intercalated Crosslinking Method for Wellbore Temporary Plugging in High-Temperature Reservoirs
Authors: Jia Hu , Chen Hao , Zhao Jin-Zhou
Published: March 2020

Effective mitigation of fluid loss and prevention of formation damage are substantial concerns during well completion and workover in low-pressure, high-permeability, and/or fractured reservoirs, especially with high temperature (HT). In this paper, a highly elastic composite gel is developed on the basis of the solution blending for “intercalated crosslinking.” The mechanism is the intercalation of polymer and crosslinker into layered silicate material (LSM) using a specific procedure. The gel is composed of HT resistant copolymer, crosslinker polyethyleneimine (PEI), LSM, and antioxidant in freshwater. The effects of main variables on the gelation performance are investigated. The mature composite gel strength is noticeably improved with increasing temperature. The elastic modulus (G′) of the mature composite gel prepared at 160°C can reach up to 15 000 Pa, while only a value of 6000 Pa is obtained for the gel at 130°C. The composite gel remains robust after aging 10 days at 160°C. The pressure-bearing capacity and rigidity of the mature composite gel are noticeably improved with increasing layered silicate concentration. This unique feature can benefit stress buffering when the sealing operation is conducted under high differential pressure such as the case with a long hydrostatic column. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to further reveal the intercalated crosslinking mechanism of the composite gel. A temporary plugging experiment for a fractured limestone core also supports the gel's high-pressure (HP) resistance and low adsorption and retention to alleviate formation damage. The composite gel is promising for fluid loss mitigation that could be extended to other related near-wellbore operations in HT wells.
Loss of FANCD2 and related proteins may predict malignant transformation in oral epithelial dysplasia
Authors: Ho Michael W , Ryan Mark , Gupta Juhi , Triantafyllou Asterios , Risk Janet , Shaw Richard , Wilson James
Published: March 2020

Background: Predicting malignant transformation in oral epithelial dysplasia(OED) is a clinical challenge. The higher rate of malignant transformation in non-smokers supports an endogenous aetiology. Loss of FANCD2 and associated proteins could lead to genomic instability and oncogenesis.Methods: Longitudinal archival samples from 40 individuals with OED from time of diagnosis to the most recent review in 23 stable OED; or until excision of the SCC in 17 unstable OED undergoing malignant transformation. Histopathological reassessment, immunohistochemistry for FANCD2 and Western blotting for phosphorylation/monubiquitination status of ATR, CHK1, FANCD2 and FANCG were undertaken on each tissue sample.Results: Decreased expression of FANCD2 was observed in the diagnostic biopsy of OED lesions which later underwent malignant transformation. Combining the FANCD2 expression scores with histological grading more accurately predicted malignant transformation (p=0.005) than histology alone and correctly predicted malignant transformation in 10/17 initial biopsies. Significantly reduced expression of total FANCD2, pFANCD2, pATR, pCHK-1 and pFANCG were observed in unstable OED.Discussion: There is good evidence that defects in the DNA damage sensing-signalling-repair cascade are associated with malignant transformation in OED. Loss of post-translational modification in FANCD2 and related proteins, was more predictive of malignant transformation when compared to clinicopathological parameters.
Clinicopathological and prognostic involvements of MCT1, MCT4 and IL-7R in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Shutao , Liu Qing , Liu Tao , Tan Doudou , Shen Tongxue , Zhang Xiao , Han Xiujuan , Lu Xiaomei
Published: March 2020

Background: MCTs, short for monocarboxylate transporters, especially MCT1 and MCT4, have been widely touched upon in a variety of immune and cancer cells; however, they have been rarely described in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). IL7R, receptor of interleukin 7, has been shown to operate in several cancers; though, the clinicopathological implication of IL7R expression in ESCC remains less known.Methods: Herein, to understand the clinicopathological involvements of MCT1, MCT4 and IL7R in ESCC, immunohistochemistry was performed with ESCC tissue microarray comprising 86 paired ESCC and its matched normal control dots. Post-hoc statistical analyses were undertaken with Cross-table and survival analyses. Results: It was shown that concomitant expression of MCT1, MCT4 and IL7R prevailed in the stromal compartment of ESCC tissues relative to the epithelial. Moreover, up-regulated MCT1 and MCT4 were markedly associated with tumor size; while IL7R was displayed to closely correlate with lymph node metastases and clinical stage. Elevated MCT1, MCT4 and IL7R were strikingly associated with adverse outcome of ESCC.Conclusions: Together, the data we presented here indicate that MCT1/4 and IL7R were heavily involved in the oncogenesis of ESCC.
Determinants of pro-environmental behavior among excessive smartphone usage children and moderate smartphone usage children in Taiwan
Authors: Fang Wei-Ta , Ng Eric , Liu Shumei , Chiang Yi-Te , Chang Mei-Chuan
Published: March 2020

Background: Although there are evidences linking the relationships between smartphone usage with health, stress, and academic performance; however, there is still inadequate knowledge about the influence on pro-environmental behaviors. This study seeks to bridge this gap by adapting the theory of attribution framework to examine the effects of personal norms, social norms, perceived behavioral control on pro-environmental behavior of smartphone usage in children. Methods: A total of 225 children aged between 11 to 12 from eight selected public primary schools at the Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park in Taiwan were surveyed. Two distinct groups (excessive versus moderate usage) were purposefully selected for comparison, and of which 96 (42.7%) participants were regarded as excessive smartphone users while the remaining 129 (57.3%) were moderate smartphone users. Results: Findings revealed significant differences between excessive smartphone usage children and moderate smartphone usage children in personal norms ( p < 0.001), social norms ( p = 0.002), perceived behavioral control ( p = 0.001), and pro-environmental behavior ( p = 0.001), where moderate smartphone usage children’s responses were considerably higher than those of excessive smartphone usage children. Path analysis suggested that the two smartphone usage groups had different pro-environmental behavior paths. For excessive smartphone usage children, findings showed that social norms ( β = 0.428, t = 4.096***, p <0.001) had a direct predictive impact on pro-environmental behavior. In contrast, while there was no direct path established between personal norms and pro-environmental behavior ( β = 0.177, t = 1.580, p > 0.05), as well as social norms and pro-environmental behavior for moderate smartphone usage children ( β = 0.181, t = 1.924, p >0.05), but such a relationship could be developed through the mediating effect of perceived behavioral control ( β = 0.497, t = 4.471***, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, findings suggested that excessive smartphone usage children lack positive perceived behavioral control, and their pro-environmental behavior could only be predicted through explicit social norms. Whereas, pro-environmental behavior of moderate smartphone usage children were implicitly influenced by personal norms through perceived behavioral control.
Does a ketogenic diet have any adverse effect on quality of life, physical activity, or biochemical factors in patients with breast cancer? A randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Khodabakhshi Adeleh , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Seyfried Thomas N. , Mahmoudi Maryam , Kalamian Miriam , Moradi Nariman , Beheshti Maryam , Davoodi Sayed Hossein
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Despite the potential benefits of ketogenic diets (KDs) for cancer, evidence of its effects on quality of life is lacking. This study has aimed to find out whether KD has adverse effects on quality of life, physical activity, and biomarkers in patients with breast cancer.Method: A total of 80 patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer were randomly assigned to either a KD or a control group for this 12-week trial. Concurrent with the first, third, and fifth chemotherapy sessions (12-week), the quality of life, physical activity, and biomarkers (thyroid function tests, electrolytes, albumin, ammonia, ALP, lactate and serum ketones) were assessed. Dietary intake was also recorded on admission and the end of the treatment.Results: No significant differences were seen in the quality of life or physical activity between the two groups after 12 weeks; however, the KD group showed a better global quality of life compared to the control group at 6 weeks (P=0.02). Also, serum lactate and ALP levels decreased significantly in KD group compared to the control group after intervention (10.7±3 vs 13.3±4, 149±71 vs 240±164, P=0.02 and P=0.007, respectively). KD did not have any negative impact on thyroid hormones, electrolytes, or physical activity. Compliance among KD subjects ranged from 66.7% to 79.2% as assessed by dietary intake and serum ketones levels of >0.5.Conclusion: According to our results, chemotherapy combined with KD does not negatively impact the quality of life, physical activity, or biomarkers tracked during our study. Ketosis may improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer in part by decreasing lactate and ALP.
Dissection of effect mechanisms of Kudiezi injection against myocardial ischemia based on virtual screening and systems pharmacology approach
Authors: Xie Rongfang , Liu Zhenzhen , Shi Peiying , Lin Zuan , Chen Bing , Li Shaoguang , Li Guangwen , Huang Liying , Lin Xinhua , Yao Hong
Published: March 2020

Background Kudiezi (KDZ) injection, a Chinese medicine preparation, has been widely used for the treatment of myocardial injury in recent years. However, the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms is limited to support its clinical application. It is of great importance to explore the underlying mechanisms of this preparation. Methods In this research, the 10 main ingredients in this injection were identified firstly by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Afterwards, virtual screening and an integrated systems pharmacology approach combined with molecular docking (molecular docking software: Sybyl-X 1.3 and Autodock vina) were adopted to predict its therapeutic mechanisms. Results 7 proteins targets and 9 KEGG pathways, possessing highly relevance to the therapeutic effects of KDZ against MI, were predicted reasonably. The systems analysis suggested that KDZ injection could exert its therapeutic effects against myocardial ischemia possibly through multi-targets including EGFR, MAPK10, SRC, et al, and multi-pathways referring to MAPK, Focal adhesion, Complement and coagulation cascades, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, etc. Conclusion This research provided a scientific basis to clarify the comprehensive pharmacological mechanism of KDZ injection acting on MI, and could provide valuable clues on considering the active ingredient KDZ-6 as a multi-targets leading compound.
Clinical retrospective analysis of 70 discharged patients with the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
Authors: Zuo Zhongbao , Wu Jing , Wang Miaochan , Jin Yujiao , Yu Wenyan , Niu Haiying , Chen Yangjun , Liu Pengbo , Zeng Deyu , Sui Dongming , Cai Zhaobin , Xu Aifang
Published: March 2020

Background Since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen, the disease has been found in many countries. Considering the lack of effective drugs and rapid spread of COVID-19, we did a clinical detailed retrospective analysis of 70 discharged patients which can help us to better determine the clinical features of the disease. Method We collected demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomographic (CT) data from patients’ hospital records, the time period were from hospitalization day1 to day7 and hospitalization last day. The retrospective study totally included 70 COVID-19 patients. Results The median age was 43 (IQR: 34-56) years. 41 (58.6%) patients were female, and there were 33 (47.1%) patients who were hospitalized more than 14 days. 18 (25.7%) patients were residents of Wuhan or recently travelled to Wuhan, 38 (54.3%) patients were having a close contact with the COVID-19 patients. The most common pre-existing diseases were liver disease (15.7%), hypertension (12.9%), renal disease (8.6), lung disease (5.7%). The time from illness onset to hospitalization was 4 (IQR: 2-7) days. The most common treatment regimen was Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV) + Interferon alpha inhalation (IAI) + Arbidol. Compared with hospitalization day1, White blood cell count, C-reacting protein, Potassium, Aspartate aminotransferase, Lactate dehydrogenase, and Lactic acid were significantly different than hospitalization day-last. The median number of times a patients receiving chest computed tomography (CT) from day1 to day7 was 3 (IQR: 3-4). The typical chest computed tomographic images were patchy shadows and ground glass opacity. Conclusion Currently, there are no specific antiviral therapies for COVID-19. 70 COVID-19 patients in our study responded positively to treatment during the two-week period. For those discharged patients with abnormal results, more attention is needed in the future studies to control the transmission.
Development of a standardized method for the evaluation of the microbial protective efficiency of cosmetic packaging
Authors: Catovic Chloe , Martin Sylvia , Desaint Sephane , Borges Christine , Lesouhaitier Helene , Roullet Florence , Bresciani Nadine , Jouault Anne-Marie , Poulet Valerie , Luc Joelle , Joulia Valérie , Jupin Alain , Masson Christophe , Crozier Alain , Feuilloley Marc G.J.
Published: March 2020

The doubt regarding adverse effects of antimicrobial preservative, has modified the demand by the consumers which impose more and more the production of low-level and even preservative free cosmetics. In these products, protection against microbial contamination is therefore devoted to the packaging. This have prompted the emergence of a great diversity of so called “protective”, “overprotective” and “barrier” packaging, but this designation is not normalized and the choice of the right packaging adapted to each cosmetic product remains essentially empirical, hazardous and time consuming. The cluster Cosmetic Valleys decided to launch a commission aimed at defining a complete and experimentally validated method allowing to classify the microbiological protection level of cosmetic packaging. As reported herein, this was requiring the development a specific bacteriostatic medium usable over 7 days and an in vitro procedure reproducing in-use contamination and consumer gesture. On the basis of tests realized over 800 packs of different origins and performances, a classification in six grades was proposed in order to distinguish the protective efficiency of cosmetic packaging. This work can be considered is a first step towards a regulatory text.
A Method of Estimating Time-to-Recovery for a Disease Caused by a Contagious Pathogen like SARS-CoV-2 using a Time Series of Aggregated Case Reports
Authors: Pitoglou Stavros , Koutsouris Dimitrios-Dionysios
Published: March 2020

Background: During the outbreak of a disease caused by a pathogen with unknown characteristics, the uncertainty of its progression parameters can be reduced by devising methods that, based on rational assumptions, exploit available information in order to provide actionable insights. Methods: In this study, performed few (~6) weeks into the outbreak of COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2), data publicly available on the Internet including daily reported cases of confirmed infections, deaths and recoveries are fed into an algorithm that matches confirmed cases with deaths and recoveries, in order to calculate average time-intervals. Unmatched cases are adjusted based on the matched cases calculation. Results: The mean time-to-recovery calculated from all globally reported cases was found 18.01 days (SD 3.31 days) for the matched cases and 18.29 days (SD 2.73 days), taking under consideration the adjusted unmatched cases as well. Conclusion:The experimental results indicate that the proposed method, in combination with expert knowledge and informed calculated assumptions, could provide a meaningful calculated average time-to-recovery figure, which can be used as an evidence-based estimation to support the containment and mitigation policy decisions. Trial registration: Not applicable.
The shortage of benzathine penicillin and its impact on congenital syphilis incidence: an ecologic study in the city of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Braga Jose Ueleres , Araujo Rachel Sarmeiro , Souza Ana Sara Semeão de
Published: March 2020

Background The Pan American Health Organization indicates that the increased congenital syphilis (CS) incidence can be attributed to (i) the improvement of epidemiological surveillance, (ii) the expansion of rapid diagnostic tests, and (iii) the lack of penicillin. However, there is no scientific evidence to support the impact of the penicillin shortage on the increase in the incidence of CS. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the benzathine penicillin (BP) shortage and the significant increase in the incidence of congenital syphilis in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 2013 to 2017. Methods We used a mixed ecologic study design (temporal and multiple groups). Analysis units were the neighborhoods (spatial) and quarters (temporal) during those years. The study population consisted of CS patients reported to the Brazil Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) that were living in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which was geocoded by neighborhood. The BP supply measure for use in Gestational Syphilis considered the ratio between two Benzatin Pencil Dispenser bottle quantities: (a) the number of bottles dispensed to health facilities in each neighborhood and (b) the number of bottles necessary to treat pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis and their respective partners residing in each neighborhood. To evaluate the association between shortages and a significant increase in CS incidence, the negative-inflated zero-binomial regression model (longitudinal model) was used. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to express the magnitude of the associations. A theoretical model was proposed with four dimensions: sociodemographic, economic, geographical, and prenatal care. The selection of adjustment variables was considered using Directed Acyclic Graphs. Results During the study period, the incidence rate of CS in Rio de Janeiro neighborhoods was on average 19.6/1000 live births. In the simple analysis, shortage was associated with a 2.17-fold increase in the risk of a significant increase in CS incidence. After adjustment for the sufficient minimum set, the strength of association increased to 2.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.15–4.30). Conclusions We conclude that the benzathine penicillin shortage impacted the increase in the incidence of congenital syphilis in Rio de Janeiro.
Induction of apoptosis by phytochemicals of Ajwa dates extract in human triple-negative breast cancer cells by triggering cell cycle arrest, inhibiting Akt/mTOR signaling and modulating downstream Bcl-2 family of proteins
Authors: Khan Mohsin Ali , Siddiqui Sahabjada , Ahmad Imran , Barbhuyan Tarun Kumar , Srivast Anand Narain , Ahmad Rumana
Published: March 2020

Background:Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has been described in traditional and alternative medicine to provide several health benefits including anticholesteremic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects, but most remain to be scientifically validated. In the present study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of the ethanolic extract of Ajwa Dates pulp on human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. MethodsAjwa Dates Pulp Extract (ADPE) was phytochemically characterized using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The in vitro cytotoxicity of ADPE at various concentrations viz. 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22 and 25 mg/mL were evaluated against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells at 24 and 48 h. The apoptosis effect was examined by Hoechst 33342 and AO/PI-double-stain using fluorescence microscopy. The proportion of apoptotic cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell cycle phase distribution were estimated using flow cytometry. Apoptosis-related protein expression was determined using western blot analysis. ResultsLC-MS analysis showed that ADPE contained phytocomponents belonging to chemical classes such as carbohydrates, phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids. Phase contrast microscopy analysis revealed various morphological variations in ADPE treated cells. MTT assay demonstrated statistically significant dose- and time-dependent inhibitions of MDA-MB-231 cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 17.45 and 16.67 mg/mL at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Hoechst 33342 dye and DNA fragmentation data showed apoptotic cell death while AO/PI and Annexin V-FITC data revealed cells in late apoptosis at higher doses of ADPE. More importantly, Ajwa date extract prompted ROS induced alterations in MMP in ADPE treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that ADPE induced cell arrest in S and G2/M checkpoints. In addition, ADPE upregulates p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, thereby leading to downregulation of bcl-2 protein and Akt/mTOR pathway. ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that ADPE exerts significant anticancer effects on MDA-MB-231 cells via the induction of apoptosis and suppression of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, ADPE has the potential to be used as an adjunct to the main line of treatment against breast cancer and can be further studied as a potential lead in breast cancer treatment.
Risk Factors of Survival in Elderly Gastric Cancer Patients after Gastrectomy
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xue Zhigang , Yu Jianchun , Ma Zhiqiang , Kang Weiming , Ye Xin
Published: March 2020

Background There are few studies on risk factors of surgical mortality in elderly gastric cancer (GC) patients with curative gastrectomy. This study aimed to investigate the tumor-specific survival (TTS) and associated risk factors in this elderly GC patients and help to enhance perioperative care in high risk GC patients. Methods Elderly GC patients (≥70 years) who underwent gastrectomy between January 2013 and December 2017 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included. Clinicopathologic characteristics, nutritional assessment (Nutritional risk screening 2002, NRS2002, prognostic nutrition index, PNI), comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity index, CCI)), operation and survival data by regular follow-up were collected. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to extract the best cut-off point. Impact of factors on TSS was assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. Results Univariate analysis determined multiple variables as risk factors of TSS mainly including BMI (Hazard ration [HR]=0.886; 95%CI, 0.824-0.952; p=0.001), CCI ≥3 (HR=2.834; 95%CI, 1.258-3.711; p=0.005), ICU admission (HR=1.733; 95%CI, 1.077-2.788; p=0.024), NRS2002 score ≥5 (HR=2.331; 95%CI, 1.448-3.753; p=0.000), preoperative PNI <45 (HR=2.058; 95%CI, 1.273-3.327; p=0.003). Best cut-off BMI point was 20.65 kg/m 2 by ROC curve. Multivariate analysis showed that BMI ≤20.6 kg/m 2 (HR=2.297; 95%CI, 1.362-3.874; p=0.002), postoperative ICU admission (HR=1.965; 95%CI, 1.171-3.300; p=0.011) and TNM staging (Stage II, HR=5.560, 95%CI, 1.591-19.426, p=0.007; Stage III, HR=16.202, 95%CI, 4.991-52.591, p=0.000) were significantly associated with TSS. Conclusions Preoperative BMI <20.6 kg/m 2 , postoperative ICU admission and TNM stage are strong risk factors of TSS in elderly GC patients after gastrectomy. The need of comprehensive evaluation and nutrition support are urgent, particularly for the elderly GC patients.
Longitudinal functional changes with clinically significant radiographic progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: are we following the right parameters?
Authors: Taha Nada , D'Amato Dejanira , Hosein Karishma , Ranalli Tiziana , Sergiacomi Gianluigi , Zompatori Maurizio , Mura Marco
Published: March 2020

Background . Progression of the disease in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is difficult to predict, due to its variable and heterogenous course. The relationship between radiographic progression and functional decline in IPF is unclear. We sought to confirm that a simple HRCT fibrosis visual score is a reliable predictor of mortality in IPF, when longitudinally followed; and to ascertain which pulmonary functional variables best reflect clinically significant radiographic progression.Methods : One-hundred-twenty-three consecutive patients with IPF from 2 centers were followed for an average of 3 years. Longitudinal changes of HRCT fibrosis scores, forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide were considered. HRCTs were scored by 2 chest radiologists. The primary outcome was lung transplant (LTx)-free survival after the follow-up HRCT.Results : During the follow-up period, 43 deaths and 11 LTx occurred. On average, the HRCT fibrosis score increased significantly, and a longitudinal increase >7% predicted LTx-free survival significantly, with good specificity, but limited sensitivity. The correlation between radiographic and functional progression was significant, but only moderate. HRCT progression and FVC decline predicted LTx-free survival independently and significantly, with better sensitivity, but worse specificity for a ≥5% decline of FVC. However, the area under the curve towards LTx-survival were only 0.61 and 0.62, respectively.Conclusions : The HRCT fibrosis visual core is a reliable and responsive tool to detect clinically meaningful disease progression. Although no individual pulmonary function test closely reflects radiographic progression, a longitudinal FVC decline improves sensitivity in the detection of clinically significant disease progression. However, the accuracy of these methods remains limited, and better prognostication models need to be found.