bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of sample extraction solutions on the detection of wheat proteins by mass spectrometry
Authors: Heick Julia , Fischer Markus , Popping Bert
Published: April 2012

Routinely used methods for the detection of gluten mostly use denaturing agents and high salt concentrations to increase the extractability of the gluten fraction. These work well in combination with ELISA methods, but may have a negative effect on MS methods due to their influence on the ionization of the analyte leading to a significant reduction of signal intensities. A newly developed HPLC/MS/MS method was used to assess this influence. Four different extraction buffers were compared: 70% ethanol, TRIS-HCl, TRIS-HCl with dithiothreitol, and a commercially available cocktail solution. Unprocessed and processed wheat samples were analyzed. When analyzing unprocessed samples, a negative effect on ionization could be observed. Considering extraction capabilities and signal intensities, TRIS-HCl seemed to be the most suitable buffer in combination with the MS method. To assess whether the method was capable of detecting hidden wheat protein in different kinds of food, different food samples containing 0 to 34 000 μg/g gluten were analyzed using the TRIS-HCl extraction buffer.
The Common Core and Inverse Functions
Authors: Edenfield Kelly W.
Published: April 2012

As we design curriculum programs based on CCSSM, we need to be careful when we consider the inclusion of some “nonessential” standards.
Connecting Research to Teaching: Limitless Ways to Talk about Limits: Communicating Mathematical Ideas in the Classroom
Authors: Güçler Beste
Published: April 2012

When communicating mathematical ideas to students, teachers must elaborate explicitly on the elements of their discourse. This article focuses on one instructor's and his students' discourse on limits in a beginning-level calculus classroom.
Effect of Diamond Rotary Rolling Treatment on Surface Property and Fatigue Life of GH2787 Superalloy
Authors: Mo Zhipeng , Xu Xingwei , Li Xiangling , Yuan Zihao , Zhang Wenqian
Published: February 2025

Material fatigue is closely related to surface characteristics, which can be enhanced through advanced surface treatments. In this study, diamond rotary rolling treatment (DRRT), a novel method for improving the surface properties of the GH2787 superalloy, is presented with the aim of augmenting its fatigue resistance. A comprehensive evaluation of the DRRT's effects is conducted using X‐ray diffraction, digital Vickers hardness testing, 3D optical microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The DRRT introduces biaxial compressive residual stresses up to −1318 MPa, minimizes surface roughness to Ra < 0.6 μm, and elevates surface hardness to 417 HV, surpassing the base material by 103%. Through the EBSD analysis, significant grain refinement and the formation of a gradient micro‐nano structure due to the high‐strain‐rate plastic deformation induced by DRRT are confirmed. Through mechanical tests, a 353% increase in fatigue life is shown, with yield strength rising to 756 MPa and tensilencrease in fatigue life is shown, with yield strength rising to 756 MPa and tensile strength to 839 MPa after DRRT. Through the fatigue fracture morphology analysis, the superior fatigue resistance of the DRRT‐treated area is confirmed. Collectively, through these results, the effectiveness of DRRT in improving the mechanical properties and fatigue life of GH2787 superalloy are confirmed, providing valuable insights for its application in aerospace and aviation.
Composition Design and Microstructure Optimization of a Metastable β‐Type Titanium Alloy with Ultrahigh Strength
Authors: Tang Jinnong , Wang Yanjing , Wang Songci , Cai Mingxu , Xu Zaidong
Published: February 2025

A metastable β‐type Ti alloy, Ti‐7.46 V‐5Mo‐3.13Cr‐3Zr‐3Al (wt%), has been meticulously crafted utilizing the empirical composition design methodology, focusing on Mo equivalent equalization, bond order (Bo), and metal d‐orbital energy level (Md) electronic parameters. Through a process involving homogenized alloy intermediate annealing during rolling and subsequent aging treatment, this alloy achieves a refined β‐phase matrix with finely dispersed α precipitation. Following annealing, electron backscatter diffraction reveals well‐defined β grains midway through the rolling process, with the average grain size of the annealed alloy measured as 17 μm. Subsequent scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images exhibit numerous small and dispersed α phase precipitates within β grains postaging at 500 °C for 30 h. Computational analysis using JMatPro software indicates an average spacing of 0.033 μm between α phases, contributing to the alloy's exceptional yield strength. Upon aging, room temperature tensile tests demonstrate a remarkable yield strength of ≈1570 MPa with an elongation of 4%. The alloy's strength characteristics are further elucidated through the strengthening model and molecular dynamics model calculations, which closely align with experimental findings.
Recent Progress in 3D Printing Polymer‐Based Bone Scaffolds
Authors: Feng Ruiqi , Chu Ang , Guo Yunlong , Hu Guang , Zhang Biao
Published: February 2025

This review aims to summarize recent advances in 3D printing technologies for polymer‐based bone scaffolds, focusing on material applications and clinical implications. The 3D printing technologies applicable to different polymer‐based materials are discussed with their characteristics and application advantages, specifically the common 3D printing techniques and the polymer materials used. Recent advances in the application of 3D‐printed polymer‐based bone scaffolds with multifunctionality (i.e., drug delivery, bone regeneration and minimally invasive implantation) are then presented to provide guidance for potential clinical applications.
Origin of the Laser‐Induced Picosecond Spin Current Across Magnetization Compensation in Ferrimagnetic GdCo
Authors: Nava Antonio Guillermo , Remy Quentin , Lin Jun‐Xiao , Le Guen Yann , Hamara Dominik , Compton‐Stewart Jude , Barker Joseph , Hauet Thomas , Hehn Michel , Mangin Stéphane , Ciccarelli Chiara
Published: February 2025

The optical manipulation of magnetism enabled by rare earth‐transition metal ferrimagnets holds the promise of ultrafast, energy‐efficient spintronic technologies. This work investigates laser‐induced picosecond spin currents generated by ferrimagnetic GdCo via terahertz emission spectroscopy. A suppression of the THz emission and spin current is observed at magnetization compensation when varying the temperature or alloy composition in the presence of a magnetic field. It is demonstrated that this is due to the formation of domains in the GdCo equilibrium magnetic configuration. Without an applied magnetic field, the picosecond spin current persists at the compensation point. The experimental findings support the model for THz spin current generation based on the transport of hot spin‐polarized electrons, which is dominated by the Co sublattice at room temperature. Only at low temperature a comparable contribution from Gd is detected but with slower dynamics. Finally, spectral analysis reveals a blueshift of the THz emission related to the formation of magnetic domains close to magnetization compensation.
Photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane over Ce‐promoted Ni/NiO heterostructure
Authors: Xue Yao , Dong Wenjing , Li Zixian , Ren Jing , Yang Zhijia , Peng Yung‐Kang , Meng Xianguang , Zhao Yufei
Published: February 2025

Photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane (DRM) provides a sustainable carbon conversion route, but the syngas production rates remain unsatisfactory under low‐temperature conditions. This study reported a layered double hydroxide‐derived Ni–NiO heterojunction catalyst with optimized electronic environments via Ce doping. The Ce‐doped Ni–NiO catalyst exhibited excellent photothermal DRM performance, with H2 and CO production rates of 93.90 and 114.25 mmol g−1 min−1, respectively, and superior 12‐h stability. Mechanistic studies revealed that the Ni–NiO heterojunction activated CH4 and CO2 to form CHx* and O* species, while Ce doping promoted the coupling of these intermediates to CH3O*, enhancing syngas generation. This strategy effectively bonded the intermediate species generated from the reactants, thereby enhancing the conversion of CH4 and CO2 into syngas.
Turner Syndrome and Psychosocial Interventions: Recommendations for Collaborative Communication Between Medical and School Teams
Authors: Norman Mackenzie Z. , Hutaff‐Lee Christa , Knickmeyer Rebecca C. , Fadoju Doris , Wolstencroft Jeanne , Hong David S. , Sandberg David E.
Published: February 2025

Individuals with Turner Syndrome (TS) can experience not only physical and medical differences but are also at risk for neurocognitive and associated psychosocial challenges. Specifically, research shows increased likelihood of difficulties with visual–spatial reasoning, executive functioning, attention, and mathematics skills. One emerging area of research focuses on deficits in social skills and increased prevalence of anxiety within this population. This review introduces relevant genetic influences of TS and examines existing research on social skills and anxiety in individuals with TS. The importance of collaboration between the medical team and school personnel for patients with TS is emphasized, and specific clinical recommendations, such as the use of the TS School Support Plan, are provided to facilitate this collaboration. This paper services as a brief introduction to orient the reader to considerations of strengthening collaboration between medical and school systems; however, future research is needed to investigate the effectiveness and acceptability of the School Support Plan to enhance liaison between the patient's medical and school teams.
Gold Self‐Assembly on Copper Electrodes Promotes n‐Propanol Formation in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Bhoumik Nikhil C. , Padovan Quinn A. , Akter Tania , Stem David K. , Barile Christopher J.
Published: February 2025

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising route to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by converting CO2 into valuable chemicals. Among multi‐carbon products, n‐propanol is particularly appealing due to its high energy density (~27 MJ/L) and broad industrial applications. However, achieving high selectivity for n‐propanol remains a formidable challenge, requiring catalysts capable of facilitating complex reaction pathways and avoiding competing side reactions. In this study, we present a Cu/Cys/Au catalyst architecture that is prepared through a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) that significantly enhances the Faradaic efficiency for n‐propanol production. Specifically, Cu substrates are modified with cysteamine SAMs to uniformly anchor a Au3+‐dimercaptosuccinate complex, which enable uniform Au electrodeposition. The resulting Cu/Cys/Au electrode achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 29.1 % for n‐propanol at −1.2 V vs. RHE, representing a significant improvement over conventional Au−Cu electrocatalysts. Control studies reveal the necessity of both Au and Cu for selective n‐propanol formation, while mixed SAMs with varying cysteamine and propanethiol ratios allow for precise tuning of Au coverage on Cu. These findings underscore the potential of SAM‐based strategies for precise surface engineering, offering a pathway for selective CO2RR electrocatalysts.
Explainable Synthesizability Prediction of Inorganic Crystal Polymorphs using Large Language Models
Authors: Kim Seongmin , Schrier Joshua , Jung Yousung
Published: February 2025

We evaluate the ability of machine learning to predict whether a hypothetical crystal structure can be synthesized and explain those predictions to scientists. Fine‐tuned large language models (LLMs) trained on a human‐readable text description of the target crystal structure perform comparably to previous bespoke convolutional graph neural network methods, but better prediction quality can be achieved by training a positive‐unlabeled learning model on a text‐embedding representation of the structure. An LLM‐based workflow can then be used to generate human‐readable explanations for the types of factors governing synthesizability, extract the underlying physical rules, and assess the veracity of those rules. These explanations can guide chemists in modifying or optimizing non‐synthesizable hypothetical structures to make them more feasible for materials design.
Porous PVA‐PAM‐AG Multi‐Network Hydrogel With High Mechanical Strength
Authors: Wang Yun , Li Heng , Li Jinming , Zhang Wei , Wu Chengwei
Published: February 2025

Repairing and regenerating articular cartilage remains a significant challenge, primarily due to its limited self‐healing capability. Hydrogel has emerged as a promising candidate due to its resemblance to extracellular matrices. A porous hydrogel of an appropriate size can facilitate cell growth and integrate into the host tissue. However, the presence of pores in hydrogels will significantly reduce mechanical properties, posing challenges in replacing the load‐bearing function of articular cartilage. Here, a porous hydrogel was prepared through a gas forming method based on a triple‐network hydrogel system of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐polyacrylamide (PAM)‐agarose (AG), with a pore size of 100–200 μm. The hydrogel exhibits a compressive modulus of up to 0.79 MPa and a tensile modulus of up to 0.35 MPa, falling within the reference range of articular cartilage. Furthermore, the porous hydrogel exhibits good creep resistance properties. These results suggest that the porous hydrogels with strong mechanical properties hold promise as a replacement material for articular cartilage.
A Unified Cyber Response for Water Utilities: The Cyber Fortress Exercise
Authors: Slonopas Andre , Mazur Gerald A. , Coughlin Jessica A. , McElman Mary , Strahan Jacob F. , Talmadge Shawn G.
Published: February 2025

Key Takeaways

States should synchronize their cyber incident responses and consequence management plans to execute shared objectives, improve situational awareness, and quickly restore services.

The Cyber Fortress exercise underscores the need for federal, state, private, and academic sectors to collaborate and strengthen cyber resilience for critical infrastructure, particularly for water utilities.

Through training and simulations, cyber operators and public–private cyber defenders learn to detect and mitigate sophisticated threats.
Corporate Social Responsibility of Universities: Exploring the University of Cape Coast's Version Towards Her Surrounding Communities
Authors: Agyei Paul Mensah , Dankyi Joyce Kwakyewaa , Minadzi Vincent Mensah , Dankyi Lydia Aframea , Segbenya Moses
Published: February 2025

This study explores the corporate social responsibility of a Ghanaian university towards her surrounding communities within 60 years of providing higher education. The interpretivist philosophical position and the qualitative approach were adopted for this study. Specifically, the study used the multiple‐case study design to collect data from 32 respondents through 24 individual interviews and eight focus group discussions, as well as semistructured observation guides. Thematic analysis was deployed to analyse the gathered qualitative data. The study found that corporate social responsibilities undertaken by the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, in its surrounding communities covered areas such as education, employment, health and security. However, interaction with the surrounding communities revealed that the CSRs appeared not to be effective, adequate and responsive to their needs. The study further found that though CSR could lead to a cordial relationship between the two entities, this was not the case due to the perceived ineffective, inadequate and irresponsive CSR of the university towards the surrounding communities. Finally, the findings showed that the surrounding communities expected the University to support them through the provision of school blocks and computers for their basic schools, public toilets and markets, street lights, provision of fully furnished CHPS compounds and health education. It was, therefore, recommended that the University management should come up with a clear policy that distinguishes between CSR for the surrounding communities and the general public in terms of education, health, security and community development, among others. Please refer to the section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Historie: Pittakal und Corallin – die ersten Teerfarbstoffe auf Phenol‐Basis
Authors: Hartmann Horst
Published: February 2025

Das Dokument behandelt die Geschichte und Entwicklung der ersten synthetischen Farbstoffe aus Steinkohlenteer, mit Schwerpunkt auf Pittakal und Corallin, sowie wichtige chemische Entdeckungen im Zusammenhang mit diesen Farbstoffen.
The Elucidation of the Critical Role of HLB value in Microemulsions Formulation
Authors: Tang Mingjun , Ling Min , Ma Wenjing , Sheng Wenqian , Yan Wenjun
Published: February 2025

Microemulsions are extensively utilized in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics due to their superior solubilizing capacity and protective capabilities. However, a longstanding critical issue with microemulsions is the quantitative relationship between the HLB value and the physicochemical properties. Herein, to quantify the effect of the HLB value on microemulsions, Juniperus chinensis Roxb. essential oil (CEO) microemulsions were fabricated. It is certified that HLB values between 8.5 and 11.5 correspond to the smallest biphasic regions, while values between 9.5 and 13.5 correspond to the largest monophasic regions. Besides, the phase evolution from lamellar structures to microemulsions was monitored by the Small‐Angle X‐ray Scattering (SAXS) patterns. The physicochemical properties of the resulting emulsions, e.g., polydispersity indices (PDI), zeta potential, thermal stability, viscosity, and conductivity, were also investigated. The quantification of the effect of the HLB value on the formation of microemulsions will provide significant quantitative and theoretical guidance to researchers and industry professionals.
Integrative effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil functions, nitrogen use efficiency, and wheat productivity depend on tillage intensities
Authors: Akhtar Kashif , Djalovic Ivica , Zaheer Sajjad , Khan Ahmad , Riaz Muhammad , Prasad P. V. Vara , Wen Ronghui
Published: February 2025

Nitrogen (N) management and tillage practices influenced sustainability of agricultural systems. We conducted field studies to test the response of the combined organic and inorganic N management on soil properties, N use efficiency (NUE), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production under different tillage intensities in a semiarid climatic conditions. The experiment was designed on a split plot arrangement consisting of three tillage intensities: one time ploughing (T1), two times ploughing (T2), and three times ploughing (T3) with the interval of 10 days in the main plots. Seven organic–inorganic N management strategies using urea:farm yard manures were NM1 0:0, NM2 100:0, NM3 80:20, NM4 60:40, NM5 40:60, NM6 20:80, and NM7 0:100 in the subplots. Results revealed that soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile organic carbon contents were significantly higher in the NM6 treatment under the T3 tillage intensity. Higher soil N and potassium (K) were found in NM5 under the T3 tillage intensity, whereas the soil phosphorus (P) was the highest in NM6 plot. The activities of soil invertase and urease enzymes were also significantly higher in the NM6 treatment under T3 tillage intensity. Wheat growth and yield, N‐uptake and NUE were the highest in T3 with NM6 management strategy. Our study demonstrated that integrative N management and tillage practices could improve soil and plant productivity by improving SOC, NUE, and yield, and thus discourage the historical soil health deteriorations of the semi‐arid cropping systems.
Association of GLP‐1 Receptor Agonists With Risk of Suicidal Ideation and Behaviour: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Bushi Ganesh , Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli , Rohilla Shivam , Singh Mahendra Pratap , Uniyal Nidhi , Ballal Suhas , Bansal Pooja , Bhopte Kiran , Gupta Manika , Gaidhane Abhay M. , Tomar Balvir S. , Ashraf Ayash , Ravi Kumar M. , Chauhan Ashish Singh , Sah Sanjit , Serhan Hashem Abu , Shabil Muhammed
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, providing metabolic and cardiovascular benefits. However, concerns have emerged about potential neuropsychiatric side effects, including suicidal ideation and behaviour, prompting investigations by regulatory bodies such as the FDA and EMA. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the association between GLP‐1RA use and the risk of suicidal ideation or behaviour.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science through September 2024, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Observational cohort and case‐control studies reporting suicidal ideation or behaviour in adults using GLP‐1RAs were included. The Modified Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale assessed risk of bias, and random‐effect models calculated risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.

Results

Of 126 studies, 11 were included from multiple countries with diverse designs. The meta‐analysis of four studies showed no statistically significant difference in suicidal outcomes between GLP‐1RA users and users of other anti‐hyperglycaemic drugs (RR: 0.568, 95% CI: 0.077–4.205). Substantial heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 98%). Pharmacovigilance studies indicated no disproportionate increase in suicidality, while some observational studies suggested a lower risk.

Conclusion

This review found no significant link between GLP‐1RA use and increased suicidal ideation or behaviour. However, the high heterogeneity and reliance on pharmacovigilance data suggest caution. Clinicians should monitor patients, particularly those with psychiatric conditions, and further research is needed to assess long‐term neuropsychiatric safety.
Identification and Investigation of the Intrinsic Receptor Activation Potential and Metabolization of the New Oxo‐Pyridyl Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist CH‐FUBBMPDORA
Authors: Deventer Marie H. , Emanuele Maria Carmela , Stang Brianna N. , Van Uytfanghe Katleen , Masson Jessica , Bouvot Xavier , Lamoureux Catherine , Proposito Alessandro , Reniero Fabiano , Holland Margaret V. , Krotulski Alex J. , Mannina Luisa , Stove Christophe P. , Guillou Claude
Published: February 2025

CH‐FUBBMPDORA (CHO‐4′Me‐5′Br‐FUBOXPYRA), a recent addition to the recreational drug market, bypasses the Chinese generic ban (2021) on synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) due to its new 5‐bromo‐4‐methylpyridin‐2(1H)‐one core. Its pharmacological properties are currently undefined, and it is yet to be found in biological samples. However, it is unclear whether this is due to low prevalence or hampered detection. The aim of this study was twofold. First, we used a powder seized by customs as a case study to evaluate the utility of low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) to unequivocally identify CH‐FUBBMPDORA. This demonstrated the potential of this technique, which is increasingly used by customs and forensic laboratories for substance identification. High‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (HF‐NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), liquid chromatography coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF‐MS), and Raman spectroscopy were used as complementary techniques for identification and characterization. Second, we investigated the potential to activate CB1 and CB2 and the metabolism of CH‐FUBBMPDORA. Potencies and efficacies were assessed using βarr2 recruitment assays. Metabolite studies were conducted via human liver microsome (HLM) incubation followed by LC‐QTOF‐MS. CH‐FUBBMPDORA showed a limited activation potential at both cannabinoid receptors. The seized powder exhibited a pronouncedly higher activity, suggesting the potential presence of contaminants with higher cannabinoid activity. Although analytical characterization revealed minor impurities, it is uncertain whether these explain the bioassay findings. Four metabolites were identified, which were all the result of hydroxylation of either the cyclohexyl head group or of the methyl group on the core.
Geochemistry, Geochronology and Petrogenesis of the Proterozoic Betul–Chhindwara Bimodal Volcanics: Constraints on the Evolution of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone, Central Indian Shield
Authors: Yousuf Ibrahim , Ahmad Talat , Rao D. V. Subba , Irshad Roohi , Balakrishnan S.
Published: February 2025

The Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) runs across peninsular India and includes Proterozoic bimodal volcanics (basalt‐rhyolite), quartzite, mafic‐ultramafic rocks, volcanic sediments and Banded Iron Formation (BIF). The bimodal volcanic rocks of Betul–Chhindwara belt have been subjected to upper greenschist to lower amphibolite‐grade metamorphism and have well‐preserved remnants of pillow structures. Total alkali vs. silica diagram clearly discriminates all the samples into subalkaline basalts and rhyolites which corresponds to their bimodal nature. Mafic volcanic sequence of Betul–Chhindwara belt is represented by high Ti and low Ti Groups. I. High Ti basalt has undergone low degree of partial melting (~5%), whereas low Ti basalt has undergone a high degree of partial melting (~20%) of the same source rock. Fe and Ca decrease with decreasing Ti indicating clinopyroxene and iron‐titanium oxide fractionation in both the groups of basalt. These basalts are generally enriched in incompatible trace elements such as Rb and Ba and depleted in Nb, P and Ti, which collectively are good indicators of continental crust/lithosphere involvement in their genesis. The basalts show no Eu anomaly, which indicates little role of plagioclase during fractionation process. Positive anomalies of U–Th–Zr for the basalts indicate crustal involvement. Whole‐rock Sm–Nd isochrons for the mafic volcanic rocks indicate an age of crystallisation for these volcanic rocks at about 1232 ± 37 Ma (initial 143Nd/144Nd = 0.510752 ± 0.000035, mean square weighted deviate [MSWD] = 1.20) which is much younger than the basement rocks ca. 1500 Ma. The εNdt (t = 1232 Ma) vary from −5.93 to −3.1 for the mafic volcanic rocks and between −5.81 and +0.14 for felsic volcanic rocks. Depleted mantle model ages of basalts vary from 2204 to 3040 Ma, and for rhyolites, these vary from 2174 to 2863 Ma, respectively. The εNd value for all the basaltic samples includes both the groups of basalts plot away from the CHUR line indicating their derivation from a depleted source and evolves to lower values, indicating longer crustal residence or more crustal contribution. Mafic magma might have been produced at the subduction zone interacted with the lower continental crust while ascending to the surface. This lowered the melting point of the continental crust which led to the production of felsic melt. Episodic mafic magma could have led to the production of rhyolite, produced at different levels of the continental crust.
Global Incidence, Mortality, and Risk Factors of Stroke in Multi‐Modality Head and Neck Cancer Treatment—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Vasudevan Srivatsa Surya , Ericksen Elise , Albornoz Victor , Bryan Elizabeth , Olinde Lindsay , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O.
Published: February 2025

Background

Head and neck cancer (HNC) due to its nature and proximity to essential vasculature, along with different treatments, can lead to stroke, significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality. Our aim is to systematically evaluate the association of stroke incidence, mortality, and predictors with HNC treatment.

Methods

Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and ScienceDirect were searched from inception to July 2024 for articles reporting stroke incidences, mortality, or associated risk factors following treatment in HNC patients. A random‐effects meta‐analysis assessed cumulative incidence and mortality rates with proportional analysis and risk factors using hazard ratios (HRs) associated with HNC treatment. Subgroup analyses of incidence and mortality were conducted for pre‐ and post‐2010 periods, reflecting changes in stroke protocols.

Results

Out of 1561 studies, 69 studies with 258 850 HNC patients were included. The global cumulative incidence of stroke in HNC was 4.1% (95% CI: 3.3%–5.0%), with similar rates before and after 2010 (4.4% vs. 4.0%). In patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT), stroke incidence was 4.9% (95% CI: 3.5%–6.7%) with a median time to first stroke of 45 months (range: 14–51.7 months). Following radiation therapy (RT), stroke incidence was 3.8% (95% CI: 2.7%–5.3%) with a median time to stroke of 36 months (range: 6.8–130 months). The incidence rates of stroke in HNC patients were higher compared to the general population (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.24–2.31, p = 0.001). Stroke mortality decreased from 28.5% (95% CI: 11.6%–54.9%) pre‐2010 to 14.5% (95% CI: 11.6%–17.9%) 2010–2024. Stroke mortality was 39.3% (95% CI: 17.8%–66.0%) post‐CRT and 21% (95% CI: 7.2%–47.7%) post‐RT. Hypertension (HR = 1.75), diabetes (HR = 1.71), and age > 65 (HR = 2.17) increased stroke risk (p < 0.0001 for all). Geographically, South Korea (6.6%) had the highest incidence of stroke.

Conclusion

This is the first systematic review to analyze the association between stroke and HNC treatment. Stroke mortality decreased from 28.5% to 14.5% (pre‐2010 vs. 2010–2024), with the highest mortality in the CRT group (39.3%). Given that stroke occurs 36–45 months after CRT, a screening protocol within 3–4 years is crucial.
Phytochemical‐Mediated Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Mirabilis jalapa Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial
Authors: Rauf Sania , Hameed Hajra , Tariq Muhammad , Afareen Afshan , Gulfaraz Saad , AlKubaisi Noorah A. , Elshikh Mohamed S.
Published: February 2025

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized through green methods have garnered significant attention in nanomedicine due to their unique inorganic properties and potential for a wide range of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, wound healing, and antimicrobial therapies. This study presents a novel, eco‐friendly method for synthesizing AgNPs using Mirabilis jalapa leaf extract, which functions as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The leaf extract, rich in bioactive compounds such as triterpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and phenolic compounds, plays a critical role in the reduction of silver ions (Ag+) to form elemental AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were rigorously characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis. UV–visible spectra exhibited an absorption peak in the range of 431–446 nm, indicative of the formation of polydispersed AgNPs with surface plasmon resonance, while XRD analysis confirmed their crystalline face‐centered cubic (FCC) structure. SEM imaging revealed spherical and quasi‐spherical morphologies, while EDX spectra confirmed the presence of silver with minimal contamination. Antibacterial activity, assessed using the agar well diffusion method, demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, although the nanoparticles showed reduced efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. These promising antimicrobial properties, coupled with the long‐established use of silver in wound healing and infection management, highlight the potential of these AgNPs in biomedical applications. The novelty of this research lies in the use of M. jalapa leaf extract for the synthesis of AgNPs, offering a green and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods. Future studies should delve into optimizing the synthesis process for large‐scale production, evaluating the in vivo efficacy of the nanoparticles, and exploring their interactions with a broader range of pathogens. This work paves the way for the development of green‐synthesized AgNPs as effective, eco‐friendly agents for infection control and wound care in nanomedicine, with the potential to significantly advance the field by offering safer, more sustainable solutions for clinical applications.
Severity of COVID‐19 in hospitalized pediatric patients with obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Morais Thainá O. , de Medeiros Gidyenne C. B. Silva , de Medeiros Kleyton S. , Mendes Thayanne G. de Medeiros , Leite‐Lais Lucia , Lopes Márcia M. G. D.
Published: February 2025

This review is intended to evaluate the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in hospitalized pediatric patients with obesity. The increased risk of hospitalization in pediatric patients with obesity highlights the need for a thorough investigation into the impact of COVID‐19 in this vulnerable population, given the significant public health challenges obesity presents in this age group. The review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), LILACS (scientific health information from Latin America and the Caribbean countries), Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases for relevant articles published between December 2019 and November 2021. Observational studies (cross‐sectional and cohort) involving pediatric patients with obesity who tested positive for COVID‐19, were hospitalized, and had outcomes related to disease severity parameters such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation) were included. The quality of evidence from the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale. Extracted data included the author, year, country, study design, aim, population, outcomes/severity, and primary results. Eight studies were included in the review. A narrative synthesis was conducted to qualitatively summarize the findings, highlighting that obesity is a potential aggravating factor in the clinical presentation of COVID‐19 among hospitalized pediatric patients. The findings revealed a positive association between the pediatric population with obesity and COVID‐19 severity, particularly among adolescents, who were at greater risk of developing severe illness. This association was also evident in higher rates of ICU admission and increased use of mechanical ventilation.
Reconstructing life‐time reproductive histories using steroid hormones in cephalopod beaks
Authors: Durante Erica D. , Wiese Michael D. , Meakin Ashley S. , Hall Karina C. , Doubleday Zoë A.
Published: February 2025

Reproductive data are vital for fisheries and conservation management. For cephalopods, reproductive data are usually obtained by analyzing gonads, which only provide data on an individual at a given time and require whole deceased specimens. We developed a novel method for extracting reproductive hormones from along the growth axis of a chitinous structure which could thus provide lifetime reproductive histories. We tested our method on two octopus species by taking small subsamples (> 2 mg) of beak tissue along the growth axis. Estradiol and progesterone were detected in both sexes and species, but testosterone was not. Hormonal peaks were observed, likely indicating the timing of sexual maturity; however, peaks were not matched to absolute age. This is the first study to analyze hormones in the accretionary tissues of a marine invertebrate and could be used to collect vital reproductive data, such as age at maturity, on poorly understood species.
Trends in electronic health record metadata use for management purposes
Authors: Xu Nuo , Badwaik Ishwar , Lee Gunwoo , Ford Eric W.
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aims to analyze hospitals' adoption and integration of electronic health record (EHR) metadata into their management processes.

Design

The study compares the rates of EHR metadata utilization across various hospitals over time. Hospitals' self‐reported use of EHR metadata is drawn from the AHA‐IT Supplements from 2018 to 2020. An analysis of metadata utilization by EHR vendors is also provided.

Method

The study uses Bass diffusion modeling to estimate EHR adoption parameters by fitting adoption rate data from 2018 to 2020, using Excel Solver to minimize prediction errors. The estimated internal and external influence coefficients reveal which factor primarily drives adoption, while the diffusion model enables future projection of tipping point and adoption level.

Results

Analysis of EHR metadata utilization rates from 2018 to 2020 find a significant trend towards the integration of this data into hospital management practices. Among health systems responding to the items of interest, 69% of them are already using EHR metadata, and it is projected that nearly all will do so by 2035. Further, metadata use varied significantly depending on the vendor.

Discussion

The study underscores that hospital managers' intrinsic motivations, rather than external demands, are driving EHR metadata. As innovations with greater intrinsic appeal spread more rapidly and have greater staying power, EHR metadata use will continue to grow. These trends are indicative of the growing importance of EHR metadata in management decision‐making, clinical quality improvement, and optimizing workforce efficiency.

Conclusions

EHR metadata holds great promise as a managerial and health service research source. The tools' utilities would be enhanced if EHR vendors created uniform metrics.
Sharp convergence rate on Schrödingertype operators
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhao Shuijiang
Published: February 2025

For Schrödinger‐type operators in one dimension, we consider the relationship between the convergence rate and the regularity for initial data. By establishing the associated frequency‐localized maximal estimates, we prove sharp results up to the endpoints. The optimal range for the wave operator in all dimensions is also obtained.
Texture Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Differentiating Multicystic Ameloblastomas From Central Vascular Malformations
Authors: Muraoka Hirotaka , Kaneda Takashi , Kondo Takumi , Otsuka Kohei , Tokunaga Satoshi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The aim of this study was to distinguish multicystic ameloblastomas (MABs) from central vascular malformations (CVMs) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture analysis.

Materials and Methods

We analyzed data from participants who underwent MRI between April 2006 and November 2021 at our university hospital's outpatient department. Participants were divided into two groups based on the lesion type. MRI texture features were the predictor variables. The outcome variable was the lesion type: MAB or CVM. Covariates included the demographic variables of age and sex. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze bivariate statistics. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the ability of MRI texture features to distinguish between lesions. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The MRI data of 27 participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 43.44 ± 17.49 years [range, 9–71], 18 men) were analyzed (22 had MAB, and 5 had CVM). The six MRI texture features differed significantly between MAB and CVM (p < 0.05). Areas under the curve values of MRI texture features ranged from 0.84 to 0.96.

Conclusion

These results suggest that MABs and CVMs may be distinguished by analyzing MRI texture features, thus helping clinicians in decision‐making while selecting appropriate treatment.
Simpler Protein Domain Identification Using Spectral Clustering
Authors: Cazals Frédéric , Herrmann Jules , Sarti Edoardo
Published: February 2025

The decomposition of a biomolecular complex into domains is an important step to investigate biological functions and ease structure determination. A successful approach to do so is the SPECTRUS algorithm, which provides a segmentation based on spectral clustering applied to a graph coding inter‐atomic fluctuations derived from an elastic network model. We present SPECTRALDOM, which makes three straightforward and useful additions to SPECTRUS. For single structures, we show that high quality partitionings can be obtained from a graph Laplacian derived from pairwise interactions—without normal modes. For sets of homologous structures, we introduce a Multiple Sequence Alignment mode, exploiting both the sequence based information (MSA) and the geometric information embodied in experimental structures. Finally, we propose to analyze the clusters/domains delivered using the so‐called ‐family‐matching algorithm, which establishes a correspondence between domains yielded by two decompositions, and can be used to handle fragmentation issues. Our domains compare favorably to those of the original SPECTRUS, and those of the deep learning based method Chainsaw. Using two complex cases, we show in particular that SPECTRALDOM is the only method handling complex conformational changes involving several sub‐domains. Finally, a comparison of SPECTRALDOM and Chainsaw on the manually curated domain classification ECOD as a reference shows that high quality domains are obtained without using any evolutionary related piece of information. SPECTRALDOM is provided in the Structural Bioinformatics Library, see http://sbl.inria.fr and https://sbl.inria.fr/doc/Spectral_domain_explorer‐user‐manual.html.
From Psychiatry to Oncology: Exploring the Anti‐Neoplastic Mechanisms of Aripiprazole and Its Potential Use in Cancer Treatment
Authors: O'Callaghan Liam A. , Blum Ciara B. , Powell Katie , Chess‐Williams Russ , McDermott Catherine
Published: February 2025

Drug repurposing provides a cost‐effective and time‐saving approach to cancer therapy. Aripiprazole (ARI), a third‐generation antipsychotic, has shown potential anticancer properties by modulating pathways central to tumor progression and resistance. This scoping review systematically examines evidence on ARI's anticancer effects, mechanisms of action, and translational potential. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science was conducted following PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Eligible studies included in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations. Data on cancer types, pathways, assays, and outcomes were extracted and synthesized to identify trends and gaps. Of 588 screened studies, 23 met inclusion criteria, spanning cancer types such as breast, colorectal, lung, and brain cancers. ARI modulates key pathways like PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β‐catenin, induces apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, and overcomes drug resistance by inhibiting P‐glycoprotein activity and expression. It exhibits tumor‐suppressive effects in vivo and synergizes with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Retrospective population studies suggest ARI's prolactin‐sparing properties may reduce the risk of hormone‐sensitive cancers such as breast and endometrial cancer compared to antipsychotics with stronger dopamine receptor blockade. Additionally, ARI's ability to target multiple Hallmarks of Cancer highlights its promise as a repurposed anticancer agent. However, current evidence is primarily preclinical and observational, with limited clinical validation. Large‐scale cohort studies and prospective trials are essential to confirm its efficacy and address translational challenges. By bridging these gaps, ARI could emerge as a valuable adjunctive therapy in oncology, leveraging its safety profile and versatility to address unmet needs in cancer treatment.
Acetone and Isopropyl Alcohol Vapor Sensing Properties of NiO Films Under Varying Bias Voltages at Room Temperature
Authors: Şahin Ayşe Nur , Altındal Ahmet , Güven Özdemir Zeynep
Published: February 2025

This study aims to evaluate the sensing performance of nickel oxide (NiO) particles in detecting acetone and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) vapors. NiO particles are synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and their optical properties are characterized using a UV‐vis spectrophotometer, with the bandgap calculated to be 3.3 eV. The sensing capabilities of the NiO particles for acetone and IPA vapors are tested under ambient conditions, with vapor concentrations varying between 3 and 21%, and bias voltages of 0, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 V. The results show that the response of the NiO particles improves as vapor concentrations increase. The best sensing performance is observed for acetone vapor without the application of any bias voltage. Moreover, the sensor's sensitivity to acetone vapor significantly increases at higher vapor concentrations in the absence of bias voltage. These findings suggest that NiO particles can be a promising alternative for acetone vapor sensing without the need for an applied voltage.
Use of an Indwelling Pleural Catheter in a Malignant Effusion With Concurrent Mycobacterium avium Infection and Advanced HIV
Authors: Mescall Naomi , Semprini Ruth
Published: February 2025

A 63‐year‐old male was diagnosed with a combination of three concurrent diseases: stage 4 lung adenocarcinoma, ipsilateral mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pleural effusion, and advanced HIV. He has been successfully treated for each diagnosis. At 2 years from presentation he continues on immunotherapy, with his pleural culture clear of MAC, and he has an undetectable HIV viral load. An indwelling pleural catheter was inserted for management of the recurrent malignant pleural effusion. We describe our management approach to a combined malignant and MAC related effusion in a patient with co‐existing advanced HIV.
Catalytic Conversion of 2‐ Methyl Phenol to Salicylaldehyde Using Manganese‐Oxide Doped Cellulose‐Derived Carbon Spheres
Authors: T Divya , Arulraj James , Balakrishnan Sreeja P.
Published: February 2025

In this study, we report on the hydrothermal synthesis of MnOx‐anchored carbon spheres as an effective catalyst. A new method is employed to prepare carbon spheres from cellulose. Using a solvent‐free process, the prepared catalyst is used to convert o‐cresol to salicylaldehyde. Methods including XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FE‐SEM, EDS mapping, and HR‐TEM are used to examine the structural and morphological characteristics of the catalyst. It is confirmed from the BET analysis that doping with MnOx increases the surface area of the carbon spheres. At standard atmospheric pressure, the conversion of o‐cresol to salicylaldehyde is highly selective due to the enhanced surface area and active sites of MnOx‐doped carbon spheres. Under atmospheric pressure, the MnOx/CS catalysts show excellent efficiency, yielding 96% salicylaldehyde in under 1 h. This study underscores the feasibility of using MnOx‐doped carbon spheres as a robust catalyst for the controlled oxidation of o‐cresol. The results show that the catalyst has a great deal of activity and effectiveness, as well as being cheap and reusable, which greatly increases its potential for real‐world catalytic applications.