bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical and electrophysiological analysis of the fasciola cinerea of the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Zouridis Ioannis S. , Balsamo Giuseppe , Preston‐Ferrer Patricia , Burgalossi Andrea
Published: August 2024

The hippocampus is considered essential for several forms of declarative memory, including spatial and social memory. Despite the extensive research of the classic subfields of the hippocampus, the fasciola cinerea (FC)—a medially located structure within the hippocampal formation—has remained largely unexplored. In the present study, we performed a morpho‐functional characterization of principal neurons in the mouse FC. Using in vivo juxtacellular recording of single neurons, we found that FC neurons are distinct from neighboring CA1 pyramidal cells, both morphologically and electrophysiologically. Specifically, FC neurons displayed non‐pyramidal morphology and granule cell‐like apical dendrites. Compared to neighboring CA1 pyramidal neurons, FC neurons exhibited more regular in vivo firing patterns and a lower tendency to fire spikes at short interspike intervals. Furthermore, tracing experiments revealed that the FC receives inputs from the lateral but not the medial entorhinal cortex and CA3, and it provides a major intra‐hippocampal projection to the septal CA2 and sparser inputs to the distal CA1. Overall, our results indicate that the FC is a morphologically and electrophysiologically distinct subfield of the hippocampal formation; given the established role of CA2 in social memory and seizure initiation, the unique efferent intra‐hippocampal connectivity of the FC points to possible roles in social cognition and temporal lobe epilepsy.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of early‐stage diffuse large B cell lymphoma of female genital track: A retrospective study of the Hellenic cooperative lymphoma group
Authors: Verrou Evgenia , Papageorgiou Sotirios G. , Bouzani Maria , Sevastoudi Aggeliki , Triantafyllou Theodora , Daiou Aikaterini , Dalampira Dimitra , Arapaki Maria , Giatra Chara , Banti Anastasia , Kyriakidis Gerasimos , Stoumpos Dionisios , Karampatzakis Nikolaos , Papadopoulou Theodosia , Kotsopoulou Maria , Pouli Anastasia , Mandala Evdokia , Pappa Vassiliki , Spanoudakis Emmanouil , Katodritou Eirini , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros P.
Published: August 2024

Involvement of female genital track (FGT) by diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents an extremely rare diagnosis. Especially data regarding early‐stage disease (i.e., IE, IIE) is very limited. Importantly, previous studies showed controversial results about the risk of central nervous system (CNS) relapse in this entity. Herein, we describe one of the largest reported real‐world series of patients with early‐stage FGT DLBCL aiming to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, response to therapy and survival outcomes in the era of immunochemotherapy. We analyzed 21 consecutive patients with biopsy proven DLBCL from uterus or ovary classified as stage IE or IIE out of 1905 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients (1.1%). Uterine and ovarian localization was observed in 14 and seven patients, respectively. Median age was 66 years (range 33–96); 9/21 (43%) were <55 years. Regarding Cell of Origin DLBCL subtype, Germinal Center B‐cell subtype was found in seven patients, non‐GCB in 10 and non‐classified in 4 patients. Median follow‐up was 57 months and 5‐year overall survival, lymphoma specific survival and Freedom from Progression were 78%, 89% and 90%, respectively. There was no correlation of patients' characteristics with survival parameters. Interestingly, none of the patients experienced CNS relapse. Our results indicate that localized FGT DLBCL exhibits a good prognosis and may not increase the risk for secondary CNS involvement.
Diagnosis and management of a case of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with lumbosacral metastases
Authors: Dela Cruz Jemuel M. , De La Peña Anathea V. , Maglasang‐Lucas Gellie Anne C. , Vargas Ana Patricia C. , San Juan Filomena S.
Published: August 2024

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) with spinal metastasis is rare with few documented cases worldwide. Few studies have explored chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of such cases. However, because of its rarity, there is still no standardized treatment regimen. A 34‐year‐old Gravida 1 Para 0 (0010) was diagnosed with GTN with metastasis to the lumbosacral spine, resulting in conus medullaris syndrome with lumbar radiculopathy. She presented with a 14‐month history of amenorrhea, left lower extremity pain, and urinary and bowel retention. On examination, there was a 10.0 × 7.0 cm lumbosacral mass and atrophy of the left lower extremity. Transvaginal ultrasound showed a cul de sac mass, and diluted β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) titer was markedly elevated at more than 1000 000 mIU/mL. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbosacral spine showed an ill‐defined sacral mass measuring 13.3 × 11.5 × 6.3 cm with spinal canal, bone, muscle, and nerve root involvement. She was treated with 10 cycles of EMACO and palliative radiotherapy with 10 sessions of 30 Gy of external beam radiation therapy directed toward the lumbosacral mass. Repeat MRI showed a decrease in size of the mass to 6.6 × 8.2 × 4.1 cm with concurrent decrease in β‐hCG to 1.30 mIU/ml, and resolution of leg pain and urinary and bowel symptoms. She was declared to be in remission 3 months after the last cycle of EMACO.
Use of a novel configuration of ports for patients needing intermittent long‐term apheresis
Authors: Howlett Matthew S. , Hicks Kimani , Park Yara , Karafin Matthew S. , Bream Peter R.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

In patients with a need for frequent but intermittent apheresis, vascular access can prove challenging. We describe the migration of the use of a Vortex LP dual lumen port (Angiodynamics, Latham, NY) to one Powerflow and one ClearVUE power injectable port (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) in a series of patients undergoing intermittent apheresis.

Materials and Methods

All patients had a need for long‐term intermittent apheresis. Eight had double lumen Vortex port (pre) and were exchanged for one Powerflow port and one conventional subcutaneous venous port with 90° needle entry (post) while 12 did not have any port in place and received the same configuration. IRB approval was granted. We recorded the treatment time, flow rate, and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) use for five treatment sessions after placement. When available, we compared five treatments with the Vortex port and the new configuration.

Results

The mean treatment time is reduced with the new configuration (P = 0.0033). The predicted mean treatment time, adjusting for gender, race, BMI and age and accounting for correlations within a patient is 91.18 min pre and 77.96 min post. The flow rate is higher with the new configuration (P < 0.0001). The predicted mean flow rate in mL/min is 61.59 for the Vortex port and 71.89 for the new configuration. tPA use was eliminated in the population converted from Vortex ports and had a 48% reduction when compared to all other configurations in the study.

Conclusion

The introduction of a novel device configuration of venous access ports for intermittent apheresis resulted in higher flow rates and less total time for treatment. Use of tPA was greatly reduced. These results suggest that the new configuration could result in less expense for the hospital and better throughput in a busy pheresis practice.

Clinical trial registration with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04846374.
Effect of substituents on mutual induced‐fit process, responsible for effective hydrogen‐bonded capsule formation
Authors: Kaur Sarvjeet , Lee M. M. , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Singh Ashutosh S.
Published: August 2024

Molecular cavities formed by π‐conjugated component(s) generally, tend to collapse in the absence of guest molecule(s) especially in the solution‐state, because of strong π•••π interactions between molecular components. Recently, we have explored the importance of mutual induced‐fit effect to sort out this issue. In the present report, we have shown the role of substituents on the effectiveness of mutual induced‐fit process in an artificial system.
A review on photocatalytic degradation of aromatic organoarsenic compounds in aqueous environment using nanomaterials
Authors: Emmanuel Stephen Sunday , Adesibikan Ademidun Adeola
Published: August 2024

Aromatic organoarsenic compounds (AOCs) have proven to be both a boon and a curse by boosting profit maximization in livestock production and at the same time contributing to the pollution of water bodies, the chief cornerstone of the ecosystem. Interestingly, photocatalytic degradation using nanomaterials has emerged as an effective method to mitigate AOC pollution. Thus, this study aims to review and analyze original research works directed toward the photocatalytic degradation of AOC in the aqueous environment. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of various nanomaterials is investigated for different aromatic organoarsenic compounds. In addition, an empirical analysis was conducted on the impact of electron trapping and radical scavengers. Furthermore, photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanisms were pragmatically discussed. Also, recyclability, stability, and real‐life applicability were empirically evaluated. According to this review, most nanomaterial materials had maximal photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of >75% for most AOCs within an average time of 6–330 min. The radical scavenging study revealed that ●OH and O2● mechanistically play a major role in AOC degradation than electrons and holes. Additionally, it was shown that expended photocatalysts can be eluted mostly with H2O/NaOH and recycled up to 3–6 rounds with a degradation efficiency of >80% in most cases while maintaining their original structural integrity. This indicates that the method has the potential to be both environmentally friendly and industrially scalable. Ultimately, research gaps were highlighted, which can help researchers identify future research hotspots and open doors for technique advancement.
Frequency of rs1051338 and rs116928232 Variants in Individuals from Northwest Mexico
Authors: Hernández‐Orozco Angélica Alejandra , Melendez‐Aranda Lennon , Mendoza‐Ruvalcaba Sandra del Carmen , Perea‐Díaz Francisco Javier , Cebolla Jorge J. , Giraldo Pilar , Brambila‐Tapia Aniel Jessica Leticia , García‐Ortíz José Elías
Published: August 2024

Background

LIPA, situated on chromosome 10q23.2‐q23.3, encodes the enzyme lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) (EC 3.1.1.13). Genetic alterations in LIPA lead to lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LALD), an inborn error causing lipid metabolism anomalies and impairing cholesterol and triacylglyceride degradation. Over 40 LIPA variants have been documented, yet this study focuses on just two. The rs1051338 variant (NM_000235:c.46A>C) affects the signal peptide in Exon 2, whereas rs116928232, located in Exon 8, alters the splice site (NM_000235:c.894G>A), impacting lysosomal acid lipase activity. Considering the diverse clinical manifestations of LALD and the rising hepatic steatosis prevalence in Mexican population, mainly due to diet, these variants were investigated within this demographic to uncover potential contributing factors. This study aimed to reveal the frequency of rs1051338 and rs116928232 among healthy mestizo individuals in Northwest Mexico, marking a significant genetic exploration in this demographic.

Methods

Three hundred ten healthy mestizo individuals underwent PCR‐RFLP analysis for both variants, and Sanger sequencing was performed for variant rs116928232. Bioinformatic analysis was also performed to predict protein changes.

Results

Allele frequencies for rs1051338 (FA = 0.39, p value = 0.15) and rs116928232 (FA = 0.0016, p value = 0.49) aligned with reported data, while bioinformatic analysis allowed us to identify the protein alteration observed in both variants; finally, the variants showed no linkage between them (normalized D′ = 1.03, p value = 0.56).

Conclusions

Allelic frequencies closely matched reported data, and protein structure analysis confirmed variant impacts on LAL enzyme function. Notably, this study marks the first analysis of rs1051338 and rs116928232 in a healthy Mexican mestizo population.
Non‐cell‐autonomous suppression of tumor growth by RECK in immunocompetent mice
Authors: Matsuzaki Tomoko , Inoue Joe , Minato Nagahiro , Noda Makoto
Published: August 2024

RECK is a candidate tumor suppressor gene isolated as a gene that induces flat reversion in a cell line transformed by the KRAS oncogene. Since RECK knockout mice die in utero, they are not suitable for studying the effects of RECK on tumor formation. In this study, we found an increased incidence of spontaneous pulmonary adenomas in mice with reduced RECK expression (RECK‐Hypo mice). To evaluate the effects of RECK expressed by either tumor cells or host cells on tumor growth, we established a tumorigenic cell line (MKER) from the kidney of a C57BL/6 mouse and performed syngeneic transplantation experiments. Our results indicate that when RECK expression is low in host cells, transplanted MKER cells grow faster and kill the animal more rapidly. Since RECK is required for the formation of proper fibrillin fibers that serve as a tissue reservoir for precursors of TGFβ‐family cytokines, we assessed the levels of TGFβ1 in the peripheral blood. We found a significant increase in TGFβ1 in RECK‐Hypo mice compared to wild‐type mice. We also found that the proportion of FOXP3‐positive regulatory T (Treg) cells among splenocytes was higher in RECK‐Hypo mice compared to the control mice. Furthermore, the number of FOXP3‐positive cells in spontaneous hematopoietic neoplasms in the lungs as well as tumors that formed after MKER transplantation was significantly higher in RECK‐Hypo mice compared to the control mice. These findings indicate that RECK‐mediated tumor suppression involves a non‐cell‐autonomous mechanism and that possible roles of TGFβ1 and Treg cells in such a mechanism warrant further study.
Expression of the αVβ3 integrin affects prostate cancer sEV cargo and density and promotes sEV pro‐tumorigenic activity in vivo through a GPI‐anchored receptor, NgR2
Authors: Verrillo Cecilia E. , Quaglia Fabio , Shields Christopher D. , Lin Stephen , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Tang Hsin‐Yao , Speicher David , Naranjo Nicole M. , Testa Anna , Kelly William K. , Liu Qin , Leiby Benjamin , Musante Luca , Sossey‐Alaoui Khalid , Dogra Navneet , Chen Tzu‐Yi , Altieri Dario C. , Languino Lucia R.
Published: August 2024

It is known that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are released from cancer cells and contribute to cancer progression via crosstalk with recipient cells. We have previously reported that sEVs expressing the αVβ3 integrin, a protein upregulated in aggressive neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPrCa), contribute to neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in recipient cells. Here, we examine the impact of αVβ3 expression on sEV protein content, density and function. sEVs used in this study were isolated by iodixanol density gradients and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, immunoblotting and single vesicle analysis. Our proteomic profile of sEVs containing αVβ3 shows downregulation of typical effectors involved in apoptosis and necrosis and an upregulation of tumour cell survival factors compared to control sEVs. We also show that the expression of αVβ3 in sEVs causes a distinct reposition of EV markers (Alix, CD81, CD9) to a low‐density sEV subpopulation. This low‐density reposition is independent of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein interactions with sEVs. This sEV subset contains αVβ3 and an αVβ3 downstream effector, NgR2, a novel marker for NEPrCa. We show that sEVs containing αVβ3 are loaded with higher amounts of NgR2 as compared to sEVs that do not express αVβ3. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that sEVs containing NgR2 do not affect the sEV marker profile, but when injected in vivo intratumorally, they promote tumour growth and induce NED. We show that sEVs expressing NgR2 increase the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a known promoter of cancer cell proliferation, in recipient cells. We also show that NgR2 mimics the effect of sEVs containing αVβ3 since it displays increased growth of NgR2 transfectants in vivo, as compared to control cells. Overall, our results describe the changes that occur in cargo, density and functions of cancer cell‐derived sEVs containing the αVβ3 integrin and its effector, NgR2, without affecting the sEV tetraspanin profiles.
Stability of Rose Window graphs
Authors: Ahanjideh Milad , Kovács István , Kutnar Klavdija
Published: August 2024

A graph is said to be stable if for the direct product is isomorphic to ; otherwise, it is called unstable. An unstable graph is called nontrivially unstable when it is not bipartite and no two vertices have the same neighborhood. Wilson described nine families of unstable Rose Window graphs and conjectured that these contain all nontrivially unstable Rose Window graphs (2008). In this paper we show that the conjecture is true.
Toward precision medical education: Characterizing individual residents' clinical experiences throughout training
Authors: Drake Carolyn B. , Rhee David W. , Panigrahy Neha , Heery Lauren , Iturrate Eduardo , Stern David T. , Sartori Daniel J.
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite the central role of experiential learning in residency training, the actual clinical experiences residents participate in are not well characterized. A better understanding of the type, volume, and variation in residents' clinical experiences is essential to support precision medical education strategies.

Objective

We sought to characterize the entirety of the clinical experiences had by individual internal medicine residents throughout their time in training.

Method

We evaluated the clinical experiences of medicine residents (n = 51) who completed training at NYU Grossman School of Medicine's Brooklyn campus between 2020 and 2023. Residents' inpatient and outpatient experiences were identified using notes written, orders placed, and care team sign‐ins; principal ICD‐10 codes for each encounter were converted into medical content categories using a previously described crosswalk tool.

Results

Of 152,426 clinical encounters with available ICD‐10 codes, 132,284 were mapped to medical content categories (94.5% capture). Residents' clinical experiences were particularly enriched in infectious and cardiovascular disease; most had very little exposure to allergy, dermatology, oncology, or rheumatology. Some trainees saw twice as many cases in a given content area as did others. There was little concordance between actual frequency of clinical experience and expected content frequency on the ABIM certification exam.

Conclusions

Individual residents' clinical experiences in training vary widely, both in number and in type. Characterizing these experiences paves the way for exploration of the relationships between clinical exposure and educational outcomes, and for the implementation of precision education strategies that could fill residents' experiential gaps and complement strengths with targeted educational interventions.
Neurodevelopmental profiles of 14 individuals with phosphomannomutase deficiency (PMM2‐CDG)
Authors: Weixel Tara , Adedipe Dee , Muldoon Glennis , Lam Christina , Krasnewich Donna , Thurm Audrey , Wolfe Lynne
Published: August 2024

PMM2‐CDG (formerly CDG‐1a), the most common type of congenital disorders of glycosylation, is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. PMM2‐CDG frequently presents in infancy with multisystemic clinical involvement, and it has been diagnosed in over 1000 people worldwide. There have been few natural history studies reporting neurodevelopmental characterization of PMM2‐CDG. Thus, a prospective study was conducted that included neurodevelopmental assessments as part of deep phenotyping. This study, Clinical and Basic Investigations into Known and Suspected Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (NCT02089789), included 14 participants (8 males and 6 females ages 2–33 years) with a confirmed molecular diagnosis of PMM2‐CDG. Clinical features of PMM2‐CDG in this cohort were neurodevelopmental disorders, faltering growth, hypotonia, cerebellar atrophy, peripheral neuropathy, movement disorders, ophthalmological abnormalities, and auditory function differences. All PMM2‐CDG participants met criteria for intellectual disability (or global developmental delay if younger than age 5). The majority never attained certain gross motor and language milestones. Only two participants were ambulatory, and almost all were considered minimally verbal. Overall, individuals with PMM2‐CDG present with a complex neurodevelopmental profile characterized by intellectual disability and multisystemic presentations. This systematic quantification of the neurodevelopmental profile of PMM2‐CDG expands our understanding of the range in impairments associated with PMM2‐CDG and will help guide management strategies.
Comprehensive characterization of a high‐performance double heterojunction InGaAs pHEMT for linear power‐efficient amplifiers applications
Authors: Sultana Sadia , Naima Jannatul , Alam Md. Shamsul , Alam Md. Shah , Crupi Giovanni , Alim Mohammad A.
Published: August 2024

This article centers its attention on the phenomenon of electrostatics, linearity, analogue, and RF performance of a 0.5 μm × (2 × 100) μm double heterojunction AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pHEMT using on‐wafer DC and RF measurements up to 50 GHz. With a high ION/IOFF ratio (1.21 × 107) and low subthreshold slope (72.7 mV/dec), a flat and high transconductance over a wide range of Vgs has been achieved for the tested device. Furthermore, the input intercept and higher‐order voltage intercept point both attained large values with low intermodulation and harmonic distortion. Regarding RF parameters, the intrinsic gain has been achieved up to 28 dB. The GBW up to 750 GHz was attained, with the highest fT and fmax values being 24.5 GHz and 99.3 GHz, respectively. Since the device has very low intrinsic capacitance, parameters like TFP, GFP, and GTFP also showed excellent results. The high intrinsic gain and TGF indicate ample potential of the device for use as an amplifier. Investigating the parameters reveals the device to have very good linearity and amplifying capability.
A multimethod investigation of the interpersonal effects of leader perfectionism and anger expression on employee psychological safety and creativity
Authors: Ocampo Anna Carmella G. , Gu Jun , Li Quan , Koseoglu Gamze , Wang Lu , Ashkanasy Neal M.
Published: August 2024

Heightened competition within and across organizations compels leaders to set inflexibly high standards and to demand creative performance from their employees. Considering recent research on the interpersonal approach to perfectionism and anger expression, we predicted that leaders' perfectionism combined with their anger expression would threaten employees' psychological safety and creative effort that, in turn, would diminish their creative performance. To test our predictions, we designed three multimethod studies: (1) a preregistered memory reconstruction study, (2) a preregistered laboratory experiment, and (3) a multi‐wave and multi‐source field study. We found convergent evidence that leaders' anger expressions exacerbate the negative indirect influence of their perfectionism on employees' creative performance via psychological safety and creative effort. We conclude by discussing the interpersonal consequences of leader perfectionism in the workplace.
Soluble hemp protein–xylose conjugates fabricated by high‐pressure homogenization and pH‐shifting treatments
Authors: Karabulut Gulsah , Kapoor Ragya , Feng Hao
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The process of Maillard conjugation occurs with plant proteins and sugars and can be influenced by several factors, such as processing time, pH, and shear force. By utilizing cavitation processes such as high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) and pH‐shifting, it is possible to regulate the degree of grafting, functional characteristics, and structural changes in the formation of conjugates. The present study aimed to improve the hemp protein concentrate (HPC) through two different conjugation techniques: HPH and pH‐shifting‐assisted processes.

RESULTS

The best conjugation conditions for the conventional method were identified as a 1:2 HPC to xylose ratio, a pH of 10, and 3 h of treatment at 70 °C. The use of HPH and pH 12‐shifting methods resulted in a remarkable 2.5‐fold increase in grafting degree, requiring less processing time. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the formation of conjugates. Conjugates produced through HPH with pH 12‐shifting (MPHX) transformed into soluble glycoproteins with a particle size of 74 nm. MPHX solubility increased by 5.7‐fold than HPC, reaching 85.7%, with a more negatively charged surface at −32.4 mV. Microimages showed cracked and sharp forms for conjugated proteins compared to untreated HPC. Additionally, MPHX conjugates demonstrated superior properties in emulsion stability, foaming capacity, and antioxidant activity compared to HPC and classical conjugates.

CONCLUSION

The use of HPH and pH‐shifting‐assisted Maillard conjugation was highly effective in enhancing the functional attributes of hemp protein conjugates. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Habitat selection of non‐breeding American black ducks in an urban estuary
Authors: Mezebish Quinn Tori , Paton Peter W. , Gerber Brian D. , Kilburn Jennifer E. , McWilliams Scott R.
Published: August 2024

Shellfish aquaculture is a globally expanding industry, including in urban estuaries that support non‐breeding waterfowl. The effects of shellfish aquaculture on the spatial distribution of non‐breeding waterfowl, however, are poorly understood and depend on the ecology of waterfowl and cultivated shellfish species. We investigated how proximity to shellfish aquaculture influenced habitat selection and movement patterns of American black ducks (Anas rubripes) during the non‐breeding season (~Oct–May) in 2020–2023 in Rhode Island, USA. The extent to which proximity to aquaculture influenced habitat selection of black ducks depended on factors specific to individuals' primary non‐breeding sites, although proximity to aquaculture did not have biologically meaningful influences on black duck movement rates across all sites. Black ducks across sites consistently selected for areas better suited for aquaculture (i.e., areas of potential future development) relative to areas poorly suited for aquaculture (i.e., areas less likely to be developed). The continued expansion of aquaculture into preferred black duck habitats will increase black duck interactions with aquaculture and therefore should be considered in the decision‐making process for siting future aquaculture leases. Future studies should quantify the extent to which continued expansion of aquaculture in those preferred coastal habitats directly influences black ducks.
A modified arthroscopic en masse suture bridge repair is effective for delaminated rotator cuff tears
Authors: Fang Sheng , Wang Xianfeng , Xu Peng , Sun Han , Jiang Zhecheng , Yan Litao , Wang Yiming , Liu Jinbo , Li Huan
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of delaminated rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and evaluate the clinical outcomes of a modified arthroscopic en masse suture bridge repair for delaminated RCTs.

Methods

Patients with full‐thickness RCTs, who underwent arthroscopic suture bridge repair with a minimum 2‐year follow‐up, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence of delamination. Delaminated RCTs were treated using a modified en masse suture bridge technique, while nondelaminated RCTs received a conventional suture bridge technique. Preoperative and postoperative Constant scores and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were determined to evaluate clinical outcomes. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out to identify the integrity and retear of the repaired rotator cuff.

Results

A total of 172 patients were included in our study cohort, in which 67 (39%) delaminated RCTs were confirmed intraoperatively. The prevalence of delamination was significantly higher in large tears (53/102, 52%) compared to medium tears (14/70, 20%) (p < 0.001). No significant differences in age (n.s.) or gender (n.s.) were observed between the two groups. Both groups showed significant improvements in Constant and ASES scores postoperatively (both p < 0.001), with no significant differences between the groups (n.s.). The retear rates were 2/67 (3.0%) in the delamination group and 3/105 (2.9%) in the nondelamination group, showing no significant difference (n.s.).

Conclusions

The modified arthroscopic en masse suture bridge technique was effective for repairing delaminated RCTs, yielding favourable clinical outcomes comparable to those of nondelaminated tears.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Effects of current intensities on material removal rate, electrode wear rate, and surface roughness of machining high carbon high chromium steel
Authors: Rakesh P. K. , Gupta M. K. , Mahto J. N. , Rajput N. S.
Published: August 2024

The electrical discharge machining is very successful and generally recognized for producing complicated shapes and small openings with exceptional precision. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of different electrical discharge machining parameters on the attributes of the machining process. The evaluation of the machining process was conducted based on the workpiece‘s material removal rate, the rate at which the electrodes wear, and the level of surface roughness. Simultaneously achieving a high material removal rate, low electrode wear rate, and high surface roughness is not possible with a specific combination of approaches due to their contradicting nature. Frequently, it is necessary to independently apply many measures instantaneously in order to assess their impact on various responses. This research investigates the machining of high carbon high chromium steel making use of electrical discharge machining with aluminum, copper, and graphite electrodes. The study focuses on the impact of different current intensities on the rate of material removal, electrode wear, and surface roughness. The experimental results demonstrate that the highest material removal rate (mmcubicmin−1) is achieved at a current density of 12 A when using a copper electrode (54.67), as opposed to aluminum electrode (22.91) and graphite electrode (29.43).
The use of conceptual ecological models to identify critical data and uncertainties to support numerical modeling: The northern Gulf of Mexico eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica example
Authors: La Peyre Megan K. , Sable Shaye , Marshall Danielle A. , Irwin Elise , Hanson Chad
Published: August 2024

Objective

Increasing reliance on numerical simulation models to help inform management and restoration choices benefits from careful consideration of critical early steps in model development. Along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica fulfills important ecological and economic roles. Using the eastern oyster as an example, we draw on several recent frameworks outlining best practices for model development and application for restoration, conservation, and management.

Methods

We identify priority model questions, outline a conceptual ecological model (CEM) to guide numerical model development, and use this framework to identify uncertainties and research needs.

Result

The CEM uses a nested design, identifying explicit vital rates, processes, attributes, and outcomes for the species (oysters), population, and metapopulation (i.e., network of populations) levels in response to drivers of species, population, and metapopulation changes and changing environmental factors. Most management actions related to oyster restoration and harvest affect population attributes directly, but many coastal management actions and changes (i.e., climate change and coastal and water resource engineering) impact environmental factors that alter vital rates and attributes of oysters, populations, and metapopulations.

Conclusion

Investment in studies targeting individual oyster- and population-level multi-stressor responses (filtration, respiration, growth, and reproduction) and improving hydrodynamic and environmental models targeting drivers that influence metapopulation vital rates and attributes (i.e., connectivity and substrate persistence) would contribute to reducing uncertainties. Development of numerical models covering the entire oyster life cycle and connectivity of populations using hydrodynamic models of current and predicted conditions to provide key abiotic and biotic factors influencing larval movement, recruitment, and on-reef oyster vital rates would assist in balancing the goals of conservation, restoration, and fisheries management of this foundational estuarine species.
Active learning approaches in molecule pKi prediction
Authors: Kashafutdinova I. M. , Poyezzhayeva A. , Gimadiev T. , Madzhidov T.
Published: August 2024

During the early stages of drug design, identifying compounds with suitable bioactivities is crucial. Given the vast array of potential drug databases, it′s feasible to assay only a limited subset of candidates. The optimal method for selecting the candidates, aiming to minimize the overall number of assays, involves an active learning (AL) approach. In this work, we benchmarked a range of AL strategies with two main objectives: (1) to identify a strategy that ensures high model performance and (2) to select molecules with desired properties using minimal assays. To evaluate the different AL strategies, we employed the simulated AL workflow based on “virtual” experiments. These experiments leveraged ChEMBL datasets, which come with known biological activity values for the molecules. Furthermore, for classification tasks, we proposed the hybrid selection strategy that unified both exploration and exploitation AL strategies into a single acquisition function, defined by parameters n and c. We have also shown that popular minimal margin and maximal variance selection approaches for exploration selection correspond to minimization of the hybrid acquisition function with n=1 and 2 respectively. The balance between the exploration and exploitation strategies can be adjusted using a coefficient (c), making the optimal strategy selection straightforward. The primary strength of the hybrid selection method lies in its adaptability; it offers the flexibility to adjust the criteria for molecule selection based on the specific task by modifying the value of the contribution coefficient. Our analysis revealed that, in regression tasks, AL strategies didn't succeed at ensuring high model performance, however, they were successful in selecting molecules with desired properties using minimal number of tests. In analogous experiments in classification tasks, exploration strategy and the hybrid selection function with a constant c<1 (for n=1) and c≤0.2 (for n=2) were effective in achieving the goal of constructing a high‐performance predictive model using minimal data. When searching for molecules with desired properties, exploitation, and the hybrid function with c≥1 (n=1) and c≥0.7 (n=2) demonstrated efficiency identifying molecules in fewer iterations compared to random selection method. Notably, when the hybrid function was set to an intermediate coefficient value (c=0.7), it successfully addressed both tasks simultaneously.
Impulsive integro‐differential inclusions with nonlocal conditions: Existence and Ulam's type stability
Authors: Bensalem Abdelhamid , Salim Abdelkrim , Benchohra Mouffak
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on the existence and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability outcomes pertaining to a specific category of impulsive integro‐differential inclusions (with instantaneous and non‐instantaneous impulses). These problems are examined using resolvent operators, drawing from the Grimmer perspective. Our analysis is based on Bohnenblust–Karlin's and Darbo's fixed point theorems for multivalued mappings in Banach spaces. Additionally, we provide an illustrative example to reinforce and demonstrate the validity of our findings.
On the optimality of voronoi‐based column selection
Authors: Emelianenko Maria , Oldaker Guy B.
Published: August 2024

While there exists a rich array of matrix column subset selection problem (CSSP) algorithms for use with interpolative and CUR‐type decompositions, their use can often become prohibitive as the size of the input matrix increases. In an effort to address these issues, in earlier work we developed a general framework that pairs a column‐partitioning routine with a column‐selection algorithm. Two of the four algorithms presented in that work paired the Centroidal Voronoi Orthogonal Decomposition (CVOD; Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation Based Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis, 2003, 137–150) and an adaptive variant (adaptCVOD) with the Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (DEIM; SIAM J. Sci. Computer. 38 (2016), no. 3, A1454–A1482). In this work, we extend this framework and pair the CVOD‐type algorithms with any CSSP algorithm that returns linearly independent columns. Our results include detailed error bounds for the solutions provided by these paired algorithms, as well as expressions that explicitly characterize how the quality of the selected column partition affects the resulting CSSP solution. In addition to examples involving matrix approximation, we test several of our partition‐based constructions on tasks commonly encountered in model order reduction (MOR).
An enhanced approach for power quality improvement of unified power quality conditioner connected wind energy conversion system
Authors: Sultana Shaziya , Salma Umme
Published: August 2024

This manuscript proposed a hybrid system for enhancing the control strategy of a unified power quality conditioner connected to a wind energy conversion system. The proposed method is combined with honey badger algorithm (HBA) and reptile search algorithm (RSA). Therefore, it is known as the Enhanced HBA (EnHBA) technique. The key aim of the EnHBA technique is to alleviating the PQ issue exhibited in the WECS. The EnHBA approach is utilized in the non‐linear load condition to find the best solutions from the available searching space in light of the goal function and generates the output. During the load variation conditions the EnHBA technique manages the loss of power, total harmonic distortion (THD), and voltage instability issue respectively. In this way, the PQ system performances improved and moreover, the various qualities decreased with the support of the EnHBA method. The EnHBA techniques' performance is validated through the MATLAB platform and the implementation is calculated with the existing techniques. The method EnHBA technique displays better outcomes in all approaches like, particle swarm optimization, whale optimization algorithm and singular spectrum analysis (SSA). The proposed method's voltage sag and swell are lowered to 14% and 15%, respectively. The THD of the En HBA method is 10%, which is lesser than other existing PSO, WOA, and SSA methods.
Ultrasound‐assisted liquid phase exfoliation of boron nitride nanosheets as fillers for polyacrylate pressure‐sensitive adhesives with enhanced thermal conductivity
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhang Jimin , Chen Shengli , Liu Yingchun , Xie Yanling , Cao Chaochao , Qu Xiongwei
Published: August 2024

Hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is widely used as a filler to improve the thermal conductivity of polymers due to the high thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and chemical stability. However, the small lateral‐size and poor compatibility limit h‐BN's performances and applications in thermal management. Here, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) were prepared by liquid‐phase ultrasonic exfoliation using isopropanol (IPA) as solvent. Specifically, the BNNSs obtained by ultrasonication for 8 h with an initial concentration of h‐BN of 8 mg/mL have the best exfoliation effect and a high yield of 19.8%, showing a large lateral‐size of 1–2 μm and an ultra‐thin thickness. Then, the resulting BNNSs can be modified by grafting silane coupling agent of KH560 (m‐BNNSs), their micromorphology and chemical composition are characterized by various microscopies and spectrometers. Subsequently, polyacrylate pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) composites are prepared using m‐BNNSs as a thermally conductive filler by UV bulk polymerization, their thermal conductivity can be greatly improved by 250% compared with that of pure PSAs. For comparison, the thermal conductivity of m‐BNNSs/PSAs composites with filler content of 25 wt% is as high as 0.4382 W/(m K), which is 1.6 times higher than that of h‐BN/PSAs composites. In addition, the incorporation of BNNSs will improve the thermal stability, hardness, and 180° peeling force of the PSAs composites, which will stimulate the practical application of PSAs materials.
Comprehensive analysis of chemical and enantiomeric stability of terpenes in Cannabis sativa L. flowers
Authors: Raeber Justine , Bajor Bryan , Poetzsch Michael , Steuer Christian
Published: August 2024

Objective

Cannabis sativa L. is renowned for its medicinal and recreational uses. With the increasing global legalization of C. sativa L.‐based products for medicinal purposes, there is a growing need for well‐characterized products. While the stability of cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol is well understood, information on the chemical and enantiomeric stability of terpenes remains scarce. This is despite the fact that terpenes are also thought to have pharmacological activity and may contribute to the overall effect of C. sativa L.

Methods

To address these challenges, four analytical methods based on chiral, polar, and apolar gas chromatographic separation combined with either MS or FID detection were developed and validated. These methods successfully separated and quantified a total of 29 terpenes, including 13 enantiomers and 5 diastereomers specific to C. sativa L. Furthermore, terpenes and authentic C. sativa L. flowers and extracts were subjected to UV and heat treatments to observe potential degradation reactions over time.

Results

Each terpene generates a unique pattern of degradation products resulting in a diverse array of oxidation and cyclization products. P‐cymene was identified as a major product of terpene aging. Notably, no enantiomeric conversion was detected, suggesting that the formation of (−)‐α‐pinene in cannabis extracts, for example, originates from other terpenes.

Conclusion

Terpenes have different degradation rates, even though they are structurally similar. In addition, cultivar‐ and growth‐condition‐specific enantiomeric ratios were observed in C. sativa L., confirming that enantiomer production is species‐specific and has to be considered for therapeutical applications.
Characterization, processing, and modeling of industrial recycled polyolefins
Authors: Kazmer David O. , Nzeh Sixtus O. , Shen Beijun , Elbert David C. , Nagarajan Ramaswamy , Sobkowicz‐Kline Margaret , Nguyen Thao D.
Published: August 2024

This study aims to establish a systematic approach for characterizing recycled polyolefins of unknown composition, with a specific focus on predicting their performance in film extrusion. We explore various characterization techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and rheometry to assess their effectiveness in identifying the polyethylene (PE) fractions within polypropylene (PP) recyclates. By integrating experimental data with modeling techniques, we aim to provide insights into the predictive capabilities of these techniques in determining processing behaviors. The research highlights the superior fidelity of DSC in predicting the relative fraction and type of PE in a PP recyclate. FTIR is also identified as a high‐fidelity approach, albeit requiring application‐specific calibration. TGA, capillary, and oscillatory rheometry are recognized for their ability to distinguish between grades of recycled polyolefins but provide aggregate behaviors rather than detailed constituent information. 3D flow simulation of the cast film extrusion investigated the effect of the viscosity characterization method, non‐isothermal assumption, and process settings but could not fully replicate the observed variations in the cast film processing of two industrial polyolefins with similar melt flow rates and viscosity behaviors. This underscores the practical challenge of predicting processing issues prior to actual processing, necessitating reliance on reliable instrumentation suites and human expertise for diagnosing and remedying variations.

Highlights

Two industrial recycled polypropylene materials having similar melt flow rates exhibit drastically different cast film processing behaviors.

DSC and FTIR provide reasonable approaches for identifying constituent materials.

Modeling of the melt viscosities characterized by capillary and parallel plate rheology suggests that viscosity variations relative to the power‐law behavior assumed in the coat hanger die design is a predominant driver of cast film instabilities.
Influence of γ‐irradiation dose on the mechanical and tribological properties of fluoroelastomer
Authors: Xiao Yusheng , Zhang Fan , Wei Renbing , Qin Dong , Tang Zhaohua , Bao Yu , Cai Zhenbing
Published: August 2024

Fluoroelastomer (FKM) undergo various degrees of degradation in a gamma‐irradiated environment, leading to changes in their mechanical and tribological properties. In this paper, changes in the properties of FKM were investigated for six different doses. Fourier transform infrared‐atomic absorption spectroscopy (FTIR‐ATR) results show that FKM samples undergo dehydrofluorination and oxidation reactions during irradiation, resulting in the formation of C=C, C=O, and ‐OH functional groups. The results of the swelling test showed that the degree of cross‐linking of the FKM specimens increased with increasing irradiation dose. Mechanical test results show that the fracture mechanism of FKM specimens gradually evolves from ductile fracture to brittle fracture with the increase of irradiation dose. Its tensile strength reaches its maximum at an irradiation dose of 1000 kGy, and the modulus of elasticity becomes larger with increasing irradiation dose. The results of wear tests show that the average coefficient of friction of FKM specimens first decreases, reaches a minimum at 500 kGy, and then gradually increases. The amount of wear increases with increasing irradiation dose. The wear mechanism of FKM specimens is abrasive wear at 0–500 kGy, adhesive wear at 1000 and 2000 kGy, and fatigue wear at 3000 kGy.

Highlights

FKM was irradiated by gamma‐ray with a total dose of 3000 kGy.

Dehydrofluorination and oxidation reactions occur during irradiation.

Increased cross‐linking leads to changes in mechanical properties.

The wear mechanism of FKM with different doses has been investigated.