bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of the effect of nickel on the electrical resistivity of Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-S alloys under pressure
Authors: Pommier Anne
Published: February 2020

Electrical resistivity experiments were conducted on three alloys in the iron-rich side of the Fe-Ni(-S) system (Fe-5 wt% Ni, Fe-10 wt% Ni, Fe-10 wt% Ni-5 wt% S) at 4.5 and 8 GPa and up to 1900 K using the multi-anvil apparatus and the 4-electrode technique. For all samples, increasing temperature increases resistivity. At a specified temperature, Fe-Ni(-S) alloys are more resistive than Fe by a factor of about 3. Fe-Ni alloys containing 5 and 10 wt% Ni present comparable electrical resistivity values. The resistivity of Fe-Ni(-S) alloys is comparable to the one of Fe = 5 wt% S at 4.5 GPa and is about three times higher than the resistivity of Fe = 5 wt% S at 8 GPa, due to a different pressure dependence of electrical resistivity between Fe-Ni and Fe-S alloys. Based on these electrical results and experimentally determined thermal conductivity values from the literature, lower and upper bounds of thermal conductivity were calculated. For all Ni-bearing alloys, thermal conductivity estimates range between ~12 and 20 W/(m⋅K) over the considered pressure and temperature ranges. Adiabatic heat fluxes were computed for both Ganymede's core and the Lunar core, and heat flux values suggest a significant dependence to both core composition and the adiabatic temperature. Comparison with previous thermochemical models of the cores of Ganymede and the Moon suggests that some studies may have overestimated the thermal conductivity and hence, the heat flux along the adiabat in these planetary cores.
New IR spectroscopic data for determination of water abundances in hydrous pantelleritic glasses
Authors: Stabile Paola , Appiah Ernestina , Bello Marco , Giuli Gabriele , Paris Eleonora , Carroll Michael R.
Published: February 2020

To aid current work on the genesis of pantelleritic magmas, and the desire to use IR spectroscopy to measure water contents in natural (e.g., melt inclusions) and experimental glasses of pantelleritic composition, we have determined molar absorptivities for near-infrared (NIR) absorption bands related to molecular water (5200 cm–1) and OH groups (4500 cm–1) in synthetic hydrous pantelleritic glasses, with compositions similar to natural pantellerites from the Eburru complex of the Kenya Rift Valley. The experiments were conducted at P = 30 to 150 MPa and T = 850–900 °C using a synthetic pantelleritic starting composition with (wt%) SiO2 = 76.60, Al2O3 = 8.48, FeO* = 5.48, K2O = 3.68, Na2O = 4.72, and with molar ratio (Na+K)/Al = 1.38. The experiments were H2O undersaturated (~1.1 to 6.5 wt% H2O), and the run products were analyzed by Karl-Fischer Titration (KFT) for total dissolved H2O abundance. Different combinations of baseline types (GG or TT) and intensity measurements (peak height and peak area) were applied to measure both hydroxyl group (OH) and molecular water (H2O) in the experimental samples. For instance, evaluating the peak heights and using the TT baseline ε4500 results to be equal to 0.98(4) (L mol-1cm–1) and ε5200 to 1.92(2) (L mol-1 cm–1); these values differ by ~20 to 50% from published values for metaluminous rhyolitic compositions.
A global view of the off-shell Higgs portal
Authors: Ruhdorfer Maximilian , Salvioni Ennio , Weiler Andreas
Published: February 2020

We study for the first time the collider reach on the derivative Higgs portal, the leading effective interaction that couples a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) scalar Dark Matter to the Standard Model. We focus on Dark Matter pair production through an off-shell Higgs boson, which is analyzed in the vector boson fusion channel. A variety of future high-energy lepton colliders as well as hadron colliders are considered, including CLIC, a muon collider, the High-Luminosity and High-Energy versions of the LHC, and FCC-hh. Implications on the parameter space of pNGB Dark Matter are discussed. In addition, we give improved and extended results for the collider reach on the marginal Higgs portal, under the assumption that the new scalars escape the detector, as motivated by a variety of beyond the Standard Model scenarios.
Gender diversity and sustainability responsiveness: evidence from Nigerian fixed money deposit banks
Authors: Ozordi Emmanuel , Felix Eluyela Damilola , Uwuigbe Uwalomwa , Ranti Uwuigbe Olubukola , Emmanuel Nwaze Chukwu
Published: February 2020

This paper aims to explore the impact of gender diversity on firms’ sustainability responsiveness in ensuring collective drive toward achieving sustainable development goals (agenda) for Nigeria. This study explored female engagement from three major platforms, namely women as directors, management team leaders, and female workforce. The data used to conduct this study were derived from the annual reports of the sampled banks spanning through the period of 2013–2016. However, while data for this study were analyzed using EViews statistical tool, the sustainability reporting data were ascertained using the content analysis method. The outcome of this study depicts that female directors, female workforce, and women in the management team all had an adverse and positive association with sustainability reporting. However, this association was all insignificant. This further buttresses that gender diversity was not the major driving force behind the sustainability reporting of the sampled banks in Nigeria. This is because the sector is highly regulated. Hence, the study recommends that notwithstanding the outcome, in attaining the sustainable development goals (SDGs), there is a need to have more female representation on the strategic position of authority.
Derap Langkah Pemuda sebagai Fasilitator Majelis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah di Tempat Pembuangan Sampah Terpadu (TPST) Piyungan
Authors: Farid Muhammad Rifa’at Adiakarti
Published: February 2020

This dedication provides an overview of empowerment efforts for scavengers in TPST Piyungan. The focus of assistance is aimed at preventing and managing disease that threatens scavengers. The purpose of this study is (1) To find out the problems faced by the Community Empowerment Council (MPM) in carrying out community empowerment programs in TPST Piyungan. (2) Knowing the impact of community empowerment programs conducted by MPM in TPST Piyungan (3) Knowing the role and participation of youth in community empowerment programs carried out by MPM at TPST Piyungan. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The results showed (1) Problems faced by MPM came from the surrounding community who did not know the empowerment program in detail (2) Impacts that occurred in the community were united in a community that had been scattered in several collectors groups and better understood their potential (3) Youth who are members of the community empowerment facilitator play an active role in conducting empowerment programs.

 

Pengabdian ini memberikan gambaran upaya pendampingan bagi pemulung di TPST Piyungan. Fokus pendampingan ditujukan pada pencegahan dan penanggulangan pemyakit yang mengancam pemulung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengetahui masalah yang dihadapi Majelis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (MPM) dalam menjalankan program pemberdayaan masyarakat di TPST Piyungan. (2) Mengetahui dampak program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh MPM di TPST Piyungan (3) Mengetahui peran dan partisipasi pemuda dalam program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh MPM di TPST Piyungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Masalah yang dihadapi MPM berasal dari masyarakat sekitar yang belum mengetahui program pemberdayaan secara detail (2) Dampak yang terjadi di masyarakat adalah bersatu dalam satu komunitas yang dahulu terpencar dalam beberapa kelompok pengepul dan lebih memahami potensi diri (3) Pemuda yang tergabung dalam fasilitator pemberdayaan masyarakat berperan aktif dalam melakukan program pemberdayaan.
Proportional-Integral Controller Design for Thermal Systems
Authors: ŞENOL Bilal , DEMİROĞLU Uğur
Published: February 2020

This study proposes to tune proportional integral (PI) controllers for the stability and performance of thermal processes described by first order plus time delay (FOPTD) and second order plus time delay (SOPTD) plants. In addition to stability, parameters of the controllers are tuned to meet the desired gain crossover frequency and phase margin for each system. Design schemes of the controllers are clearly given and the results are applied on some plants provided from the literature. Illustrative examples are given to prove the method.
Adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution by using pyrolytic bio-char of Spirulina
Authors: ÖZÇAKIR Gamze
Published: February 2020

Effect of microalgal pyrolytic bio-char on the copper ions removal from water was investigated. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and elemental analysis were done for bio-char before the adsorption experiments. Adsorbent dosage (10-40 g L-1), copper concentration (10 000-20 000 mg L-1), time (15-90 min) parameters were changed. UV visible spectrometer was used to analyze the results. The most adjustible kinetic and adsorption model with data were specified as Pseudo-Second-Order and Freundlich respectively. Maximum adsorption capacity and removal efficiency were found as nearly 150 mg Cu(II) g-1 bio-char and 20% respectively.To characterize the char after the adsorption, it was took the advantage of fouirer transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR).
Reliable Video Multicasting over WLANs
Authors: BULUT Berna
Published: February 2020

As is known reliable multicast transmission is not addressed in WLANs. Multicast packets are sent over wireless channels without using medium access control (MAC) layer automatic repeat request (ARQ) mechanism. Therefore, packet error rates will be very high. This paper investigates reliable video multicasting, which became a very popular application, over WLANs. To this end, application layer forward error correction (AL-FEC) codes based on Raptor Q can be used as a means to provide reliable delivery of the multicast video encoded with the H.264/Advanced video coding (AVC) codec. Since video streaming applications have very stringent Quality of Service requirements (low delay and error free transmission of packets), the Raptor Q and the H.264/AVC parameters have to be determined depending on the QoS of the video. Therefore, in this work an advanced cross-layer simulator was developed to analyse the performance of the end-to-end system. Simulation results show that using AL-FEC significantly improve the received video quality, i.e., the mean peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is improved over 34 dB. Further that it is shown that frequently inserting intra-frame results in poor video quality. Therefore, it is suggested to send intra frame at longer intervals.
Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs): A Novel Therapeutic Target for Treating Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Yang Ming , Li Chenrui , Sun Lin
Published: February 2020

Mitochondria-associated Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Membranes (MAMs) are the cellular
structures that connect the ER and mitochondria and mediate communication between these two organelles.
MAMs have been demonstrated to be involved in calcium signaling, lipid transfer, mitochondrial
dynamic change, mitophagy, and the ER stress response. In addition, MAMs are critical for
metabolic regulation, and their dysfunction has been reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome,
including the downregulation of insulin signaling and the accelerated progression of hyperlipidemia,
obesity, and hypertension. This review covers the roles of MAMs in regulating insulin sensitivity
and the molecular mechanism underlying MAM-regulated cellular metabolism and reveals the potential
of MAMs as a therapeutic target in treating metabolic syndrome.
Strategies for the Biosynthesis of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals in Microbes from Renewable Feedstock
Authors: Zhang Congqiang , Too Heng-Phon
Published: February 2020

Backgrounds:

Abundant and renewable biomaterials serve as ideal substrates for the
sustainable production of various chemicals, including natural products (e.g., pharmaceuticals and
nutraceuticals). For decades, researchers have been focusing on how to engineer microorganisms
and developing effective fermentation processes to overproduce these molecules from biomaterials.
Despite many laboratory achievements, it remains a challenge to transform some of these into
successful industrial applications.

Results:

Here, we review recent progress in strategies and applications in metabolic engineering
for the production of natural products. Modular engineering methods, such as a multidimensional
heuristic process markedly improve efficiencies in the optimization of long and complex biosynthetic
pathways. Dynamic pathway regulation realizes autonomous adjustment and can redirect
metabolic carbon fluxes to avoid the accumulation of toxic intermediate metabolites. Microbial
co-cultivation bolsters the identification and overproduction of natural products by introducing
competition or cooperation of different species. Efflux engineering is applied to reduce product
toxicity or to overcome storage limitation and thus improves product titers and productivities.

Conclusion:

Without dispute, many of the innovative methods and strategies developed are
gradually catalyzing this transformation from the laboratory into the industry in the biosynthesis
of natural products. Sometimes, it is necessary to combine two or more strategies to acquire additive
or synergistic benefits. As such, we foresee a bright future of the biosynthesis of pharmaceuticals
and nutraceuticals in microbes from renewable biomaterials.
Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by Phytotherapeutics with Focus on Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Jang Yun Su , Mosolygó Tímea
Published: February 2020

:

Bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics and chemical agents than planktonic bacteria
in suspension. Treatment of biofilm-associated infections inevitably involves high dosages and prolonged courses
of antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is a potential risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Due to the high prevalence of AMR and its association with biofilm formation, investigation of more effective
anti-biofilm agents is required.

:

From ancient times, herbs and spices have been used to preserve foods, and their antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and
anti-quorum sensing properties are well known. Moreover, phytochemicals exert their anti-biofilm properties at
sub-inhibitory concentrations without providing the opportunity for the emergence of resistant bacteria or harming
the host microbiota.

:

With increasing scientific attention to natural phytotherapeutic agents, numerous experimental investigations have
been conducted in recent years. The present paper aims to review the articles published in the last decade in order
to summarize a) our current understanding of AMR in correlation with biofilm formation and b) the evidence of
phytotherapeutic agents against bacterial biofilms and their mechanisms of action. The main focus has been put
on herbal anti-biofilm compounds tested to date in association with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and food-borne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia
coli).
Isoflurane Preconditioning Protects the Myocardium Against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating GRM1 Expression
Authors: Huang He , Qing Xiaoyan , Li Handan
Published: February 2020

Background:

Reduction in myocardial I/R injury has become the key to the therapy of ischemic cardiovascular disease. Isoflurane (ISO) preconditioning can mimic the major potent protective mechanisms and attenuate ischemia injury. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective effects afforded by isoflurane preconditioning have never been evaluated systematically.

Methods:

Mice were randomly divided into an ISO preconditioning group and control group. The size of the infarcted region was measured, and comparisons between ISO preconditioning and control animals were made. The metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1(GRM1) expression levels in all groups were determined by quantitative PCR. GRM1 protein expression and DNA damage relative protein γ-H2AX were measured by western blot analysis. The oxidative stress was detected by immunofluorescence after staining with the Dihydroethidium (DHE).

Results:

ISO preconditioning significantly reduced the IR induced infarct volumes and reversed the GRM1 protein expression level in I/R induced myocardial injury. Moreover, ISO preconditioning has a protective effect in reducing the I/R induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study have demonstrated that the expression of GRM1 provides a protective role in ISO preconditioning against I/R-induced myocardial infarction by reducing the oxidative stress and DNA damage.
Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Süß Patrick , Schlachetzki Johannes C.M.
Published: February 2020

:

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder. Although proteinaceous aggregates of extracellular Amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated microtubule- associated tau have long been identified as characteristic neuropathological hallmarks of AD, a disease- modifying therapy against these targets has not been successful. An emerging concept is that microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, are major players in AD pathogenesis. Microglia are longlived tissue-resident professional phagocytes that survey and rapidly respond to changes in their microenvironment. Subpopulations of microglia cluster around Aβ plaques and adopt a transcriptomic signature specifically linked to neurodegeneration. A plethora of molecules and pathways associated with microglia function and dysfunction has been identified as important players in mediating neurodegeneration. However, whether microglia exert either beneficial or detrimental effects in AD pathology may depend on the disease stage.

:

In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the stage-dependent role of microglia in AD, including recent insights from genetic and gene expression profiling studies as well as novel imaging techniques focusing on microglia in human AD pathology and AD mouse models.
Review of the Syntheses and Activities of Some Sulfur-Containing Drugs
Authors: Barce Ferro Criscieli Taynara , dos Santos Beatriz Fuzinato , da Silva Caren Daniele Galeano , Brand George , da Silva Beatriz Amaral Lopes , de Campos Domingues Nelson Luís
Published: February 2020

Background:

Sulfur-containing compounds represent an important class of chemical compounds due
to their wide range of biological and pharmaceutical properties. Moreover, sulfur-containing compounds may be
applied in other fields, such as biological, organic, and materials chemistry. Several studies on the activities of
sulfur compounds have already proven their anti-inflammatory properties and use to treat diseases, such as
Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and HIV. Moreover, examples of sulfur-containing compounds include dapsone,
quetiapine, penicillin, probucol, and nelfinavir, which are important drugs with known activities.

Objective:

This review will focus on the synthesis and application of some sulfur-containing compounds used to
treat several diseases, as well as promising new drug candidates.

Results:

Due to the variety of compounds containing C-S bonds, we have reviewed the different synthetic
routes used toward the synthesis of sulfur-containing drugs and other compounds.
Lapatinib as a Dual Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Unexpectedly Activates Akt in MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kaboli Parham Jabbarzadeh , Ling King-Hwa
Published: February 2020

Background:

MDA-MB-231 is a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell line, which
is resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as lapatinib. Lapatinib is well-recognized as an anti-
EGFR and anti-Her2 compound. Here, we report one of the possible explanations for lapatinibresistance
in TNBC cells, the most incurable type of breast cancer.

Methods:

Using western blotting, we have observed that lapatinib-treated cells enhanced activation
of Akt, an oncogenic protein activated at downstream of EGFR signaling.

Results:

Anti-EGFR activity of Lapatinib would be counteracted with sustained activation of Akt.
We found lapatinib-resistance in TNBC can be managed by administering Akt inhibitors. Further,
lapatinib enhanced PI3K/Akt signaling is an alternative pathway to ensure the viability of MDAMB-
231 cells. There might also be unknown targets for lapatinib, which needs further investigation.

Conclusion:

This observation opens up a new discussion on overcoming resistance to tyrosine kinase
inhibitors, a key challenge in treating TNBC.
Development of Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitors as Potential Anti-breast Cancer Agents
Authors: Ghuge Rahul B. , Murumkar Prashant R. , Choudhary Kailash M. , Joshi Karan D. , Chauhan Monica , Barot Rahul R. , Yadav Mange R.
Published: February 2020

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer and one of the leading causes of death among all the cancers affecting women worldwide. Preliminary cause of development of tumors in the breast cancer in post-menopausal women is mostly the increased estrogen levels in the body which could be the result of overexpression of aromatase CYP450 i.e. CYP19A1. Aromatase is the only enzyme present in humans that brings about aromatization of A-ring of 19-carbon androgens to form 18-carbon estrogens. Inhibiting aromatase enzyme thereby decreasing the estrogen levels in the postmenopausal women has been considered as an important strategy for the management of breast cancer. Three generations of aromatase inhibitors including steroidal viz. testolactone, formestane, exemestane and non-steroidal viz. aminoglutethimide, fadrozole, letrozole, anastrozole, the two classes of drugs have been approved for clinical use for the treatment of breast cancer. A large number of research and review articles have been reported so far describing the therapeutic efficacy of steroidal and non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors. However, steroidal aromatase inhibitors, being more selective inhibitors and having certain other advantages, overruled the discovery of novel aromatase inhibitors compared to the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors which lack selectivity for CYP450 aromatase. In this review, efforts have been made to describe the developments of steroidal aromatase inhibitors to date.
Oral Microbiota Associated with Oral and Gastroenteric Cancer
Authors: G. Robayo D. Adriana , F. Hernandez Raquel , T. Erira Alveiro , Kandaurova Ljubov , L. Juarez Celia , Juarez Victoria , Cid-Arregui Angel
Published: February 2020

When the normal microbiota-host interactions are altered, the commensal microbial community evolves to a dysbiotic status resulting in some species becoming pathogenic and acting synergistically in the development of local and systemic diseases, including cancer. Advances in genetics, immunology and microbiology during the last years have made it possible to gather information on the oral and gastrointestinal microbiome and its interaction with the host, which has led to a better understanding of the interrelationship between microbiota and cancer. There is growing evidence in support for the role of some species in the development, progression and responses to treatment of various types of cancer. Accordingly, the number of studies investigating the association between oral microbiota and oral and gastrointestinal cancers has increased significantly during the last years. Here, we review the literature documenting associations of oral microbiota with oral and gastroenteric cancers.
Studies on the Temperature Stability of Pure and Doped Triglycine Sulphate Crystals Using TGA/DTA
Authors: Padmanabhan Vijeesh , Madhu Maneesha P. , Hariharan Supriya M.
Published: February 2020

Aim:

To study the temperature stability of TGS doped with ZnSO4, CdCl2,
BaCl2, and compare it with that of pure TGS.

Objectives:

Synthesizing pure and doped TGS and studying their temperature dependence
using TGA, DTA, and DSC analysis.

Methods:

Slow cooling solution growth was used to grow single crystals of pure and
doped TGS. The TGA, DTA and DSC analysis was conducted for determining the temperature
stability.

Results:

The thermal analysis of pure and doped TGS shows that the doped samples show
a similar dependence on temperature as pure TGS. The temperature of decomposition of
pure and doped samples (BTGS, ZTGS, CdTGS) was 226.60°C, 228.38°C, 229.13°C, and
239.13°C respectively. The melting onset of these samples was 214.51°C, 216.04°C,
217.69°C and 216.04°C respectively.

Conclusion:

The study shows that doping TGS with the above three described materials
did not alter their temperature stability considerably. It is a good result as doping TGS, for
varying its characteristics like absorbance, reflectance, bandgap energy, etc., which did not
alter its temperature stability. Therefore, TGS doped with the above three dopants can be
used at the same temperature ranges as of pure TGS but with much-improved efficiency.
Catalog of the family Calliphoridae (Diptera: Oestroidea) of Mexico
Authors: Jaume-Schinkel Santiago , Ibáñez-Bernal Sergio
Published: February 2020

Calliphoridae is a worldwide distributed family of flies with over 1,500 described species. There are approximately 100 species in the Nearctic region and 130 in the Neotropical region, but in the Mexican territory only few species have been recorded. There is not a previous catalog of Mexican calliphorids. This catalog summarizes taxonomic actualized information of 30 species of 11 genera and three subfamilies of Calliphoridae known up to date in Mexico.
Dinamika hubungan kekuasaan pusat dan daerah
Authors: Sunarso Sunarso
Published: February 2020

In 2001 President Wahid made a significant change in the administrative systemfrom a highly centralised to a decentralised system. After the downfall of Soeharto,governors, regents and mayors, who had felt the unfair distribution of resources, started to claim a greater share of their resources. In the implementation of local autonomy the relationship between the central and the localgouemments and the respective functions of each administrative level became cru­cial. Regional autonomy aimed at changing the balance between the central bureaucracy and the Iocal btaeaucracy, and between upper leuel bureaucracy and lozaer level bureaucracy. The need to change the concentration of power and resouces in the hands of power holders and, informally, also in hands of its cronies, was a logical consequence of the struggle to eliminate cronyism and collusion:  According to Law Na 22 of 1999 on Local Government, districts had full autonomy.  This meant that the provincial governor continued to act as the representative of the central government in the province, but that the head of a district could no longer be regarded as a representative ofcentral government The governor had a dual role as head of the autonomous region, the governor did not have power over the regent. As the central government representative, however, the governor clearly had the power of the centre to supervise and to facilitate the district and city governments.
Peranan pusat kajian perlindungan anak dalam menjalankan hak asasi anak jalanan ditinjau dari pasal 11 Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak
Authors: Siregar Hotma
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan PKPA Medan Sunggal sebagai suatu lembaga swadaya masyarakat yang fokus terhadap perlindungan anak, khususnya anak jalanan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu penelitian yang akan menggambarkan objek penelitian secara transparan berdasarkan data dan fakta yang dikumpulkan oleh peneliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PKPA memiliki peranan dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak asasi anak jalanan yang ditunjukkan dengan dibentuknya unit sanggar kreativitas anak yang memberikan perlindungan terhadap anak-anak telantar, anak-anak jalanan dan pekerja anak agar dapat tumbuh dan berkembang sesuai dengan harkat dan martabat kemanusiaan, serta mendapatkan perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This article was aimed at exploring the role of PKPA Medan Sunggal as a Non-Government Organization (NGO) focusing on children rights protection, especially street children. It was a descriptive qualitative research. The results reveal that PKPA has a role to protect street children rights by establishing a house in order to protects and fosters street children rights, child labor, homeless children. It also protects them from discriminative and bullying.
Crafting Care That Fits: Workload and Capacity Assessments Complementing Decision Aids in Implementing Shared Decision Making
Authors: Wieringa Thomas H , Sanchez-Herrera Manuel F , Espinoza Nataly R , Tran Viet-Thi , Boehmer Kasey
Published: February 2020

About 42% of adults have one or more chronic conditions and 23% have multiple chronic conditions. The coordination and integration of services for the management of patients living with multimorbidity is important for care to be efficient, safe, and less burdensome. Minimally disruptive medicine may optimize this coordination and integration. It is a patient-centered approach to care that focuses on achieving patient goals for life and health by seeking care strategies that fit a patient’s context and are minimally disruptive and maximally supportive. The cumulative complexity model practically orients minimally disruptive medicine–based care. In this model, the patient workload-capacity imbalance is the central mechanism driving patient complexity. These elements should be accounted for when making decisions for patients with chronic conditions. Therefore, in addition to decision aids, which may guide shared decision making, we propose to discuss and clarify a potential workload-capacity imbalance.
WITHDRAW WITHDRAW WITHDRAW (Preprint)
Authors: Liang Wenhua , Liu Dan , Li Min , Wang Wei , Zheng Qin , Chang Ning , Zhang Yong , Hu Yang , Bao Hairong , Xiang Yi , Wang Bo , Wu Jing , Sun Jianyu , Hu Chengping , Ye Xianwei , Zhang Xiangyan , Xiao Wei , Yun Chunmei , Sun Dejun , Wang Wei , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yunhui , Zhao Jianping , Zhang Xin , Xu Jinfu , Wu Di , Liu Xiaoju , Guo Yubiao , Zhang Qichuan , Zhang Wei , Yang Lan , Li Zhanqing , Zhang Xiaoju , Han Baohui , Tong Zhaohui , He Jianxing , Qu Jieming , Fan Jianbing , Zhong Nanshan
Published: February 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Dear Editor,

Per your instruction, I have submitted a formal request to withdraw our manuscript 18108 on June 11th with an explanation for the withdraw and a scan of the signed letter. The same letter has been uploaded to your online system as well.

I am sending this withdraw letter again due to the “request for a revised manuscript” email get to us again!

Feel free to contact me should you have any question. But, please help DO NOT send any further junk mail to 40+ co-authors. It is really bad that we have submitted the withdraw petition several times with an explanation, but the system is still sending emails to all authorships.

Best regards,
Jian-Bing Fan
(the corresponding author)
EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LAGERSTROEMIA SPECIOSA LEAVES IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: KANASE VANITA , VISHWAKARMA SUNITA
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (EELS) on acute restraint stress (ARS)-induced depression-like behavior and biochemical alterations in albino Wistar rats.

Methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups. Group-I (normal control) rats received normal saline (2.0 ml/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days; Group-II (stress control) rats received normal saline (2.0 ml/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days and subjected to restraint stress on the 13th day. Group-III (standard drug-treated) rats received imipramine (15 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days and subjected to restraint stress on the 13th day. Groups-IV and V rats were treated with EELS (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days subjected to ARS on the 13th day. Stress-like behavior was assessed by subjecting the rats to behavioral paradigms such as tail-suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT), 40 min post-restraint stress procedure. Pretest of 10 min for forced swim test (FST) was also given to each rat simultaneously. Then, 23.5 h later, the relevant samples were administered and the main test performed 30 min later. Oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed in restraint stress-induced animals and control group, following FST on the 15th day.

Statistical Analysis: Expression of data was done as a mean standard error of the mean. The normally distributed data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s test. *p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: It was observed that L. speciosa L. showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in duration of immobility time in TST and FST when compared with the control group in a dose-dependent manner. The results of OFT also showed a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity. In addition to behavioral tests, EELS also normalized oxidative stress markers such as CAT, SOD, MDA, and LPO in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion: The results suggest that the ethanolic extract of L. speciosa L. leaves possesses significant antidepressant property, may be recommended as a supplement for the antidepressant activity.
CHARACTERS, DETERMINANTS, AND ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHRONIC ANEMIA AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: CASE–CONTROL STUDY
Authors: MOHAMMED HAIDER SHAHEED
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was carried out to study the characters, determinants of anemia among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and to estimate the link between chronic anemia and AF.

Methods: This is a case–control study, administrated in Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital among admitted patients in the cardiac care unit from 1st week of January 2018 to the last week of April 2019. A random sample of 100 patients was included in the study based cut of time, where a special form of inquiry sheet was constructed to gather data and it was reviewed and revised by matter experts for testing the validity and enrichment of it. Both cases of AF and control with sinus rhythm were divided into anemic and non-anemic, anemia is defined as hemoglobin <13 and <12 in male and female, respectively. A Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version (25) was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics Chi-square Fischer exact test, and ANOVA tests of significance, correlation and logistic regression analysis had been estimated where p<0.05 was set as statistically significant.

Results: A total of 100 individuals had been included in the study, 50 cases with AF and 50 control with mean of age was 62.74003±13.424 years 58 females with 42 males, total non-anemic was 57 while total anemic was 43, 74.4% of AF cases was anemic while 25.6% of control group was anemic, there was statistically significant difference between cases and control according to the presence and absence of anemia where p<0.05.

Conclusion: The first study done in the region to prove the direct relation of anemia on incident AF, thus in conclusion, chronic anemia had a relation with AF.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN OPTIMAL AND REDUCED FORMALIN-BASED FIXATIVE FOR NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL TISSUES
Authors: SALIH ALHAROON SAWSAN , MUSTAFA ABDULLAH NAWAL , MOHAMED NADA HASHIM
Published: February 2020

Objectives: This study aims to use an alternative fixative compound with reduced concentration of formalin to minimize the exposure and related side effects.

Methods: Human normal and pathological tissue samples of different organs were immediately immersed in a modified fixative containing formalin, glycerin, ethanol, and hypotonic saline with pH around 7. Two time schedules were used at 8 and 12 h. Tissue samples were undergone routine processing procedure used in histopathological laboratories, scoring of samples was done, tissue sections of new compound fixative were examined for cytoplasmic, nuclear, and architectural properties and compared with 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF).

Results: Tissue samples treated with modified fixative showed good and acceptable preservation of structural, cellular details with less harmful effects when compared with those preserved with routine 10% (NBF).

Conclusion: The suitability and effectiveness of reduced formalin-based fixative in histological and histopathological routine examination with minimal harmful effects for laboratory worker were clearly indicated in this study.
NARRATIVE REVIEW ON THE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY IN ADULTS
Authors: AMIRTHALINGAM PALANISAMY
Published: February 2020

Objectives: Obesity causes morbidity and mortality and also impairs the quality of life in humans. Clinical practice guidelines are well established to treat the obese population with or without comorbidities in all the age groups. Obesity in adults is a risk factor for metabolic disorders including Type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, etc. Hence, this review has compared the various international clinical practice guidelines for the management of obesity in adults.

Methods: Four articles were included in the qualitative synthesis after the systematic review of the literature obtained from PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Sciences. Diagnosis and various interventions including lifestyle, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery are compared for the management of obesity in adults.

Results: The diagnosis is crucial since the criteria to determine overweight/obesity is still under debate due to inconclusive evidence. Various interventions including diet, exercise, behavior, drug therapy, and surgery are being recommended currently for the management of obesity. However, ethnicity and culture play a major role in diagnosis and also interventions. Moreover, personalizing the interventions according to the subject will make sense and offers success in the management of obesity.

Conclusion: Diagnosis and the intervention should be subject oriented based on ethnicity, culture and patient characteristics. In this connection, many longitudinal studies warranted to specify the diagnostic and management criteria for adults among the various ethnic populations across the world.
CORRELATION BETWEEN APOB100/APOA1 RATIO AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: KUMARI N SUCHETHA , SHETTY SHILPA S
Published: February 2020

Objective: Various lipid abnormalities are associated with Type 2 diabetes, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The objective of the study is to correlate apolipoprotein ratio with insulin resistance (IR) to understand its role in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The study population included 416 subjects of which 197 were non-diabetic and remaining 219 were non-diabetic and served as control subjects. Body mass index was calculated. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin levels, total cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein, ApoA-1, and ApoB-100 were measured using commercially available kits. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS for Windows 16.0. Significance was defined as p<0.05.

Results: Apolipoprotein A-1 levels were lower in the diabetic group whereas apolipoprotein B-100 levels, apolipoprotein ratios were higher in the diabetic group. ApoB100 and apolipoportein ratio showed a positive correlation with IR.

Conclusions: The study results indicate that apolipoprotein B100/ApoA-1 ratio can act as a strong biomarker for IR.
Analisis Faktor Bauran Pemasaran terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Minuman Kopi Banaran 9 di Coffee and Tea Colomadu
Authors: Indriyanti Ima Yunita , Irianto Heru , Sundari Mei Tri
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor bauran pemasaran yang dipertimbangkan konsumen serta variabel yang paling dipertimbangkan dalam pembelian produk minuman kopi pada Banaran 9 Coffee and Tea Colomadu, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 22 variabel. Metode dasar penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dan analitis. Penentuan lokasi dilakukan secara purposive. Metode pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling dan jumlah sampel ditetapkan lima kali jumlah variabel. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini mengambil sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 110 orang Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis faktor. Hasil penelitian analisis faktor menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 22 variabel dan tercakup dalam tujuh faktor utama yang membentuk keputusan pembelian. Faktor tersebut berdasarkan prioritasnya adalah faktor produk 24,042%; faktor promosi 10,507%; faktor proses  9,913; faktor orang 8,845%; faktor bukti fisik 5,815%; faktor tempat 5,815% dan faktor harga 4,916%. Sedangkan variabel yang paling dipertimbangkan dengan melihat nilai factor loading tertinggi yaitu variabel rasa dengan nilai factor loading 0,929.
From the Editor: In Clinical Practice, Patients Have Names
Authors: Meza James P
Published: February 2020

In order to better reflect this robust description of clinical practice, we have initiated the use of pseudonyms for patients in our publications.
Narrativas de professores sobre avaliação
Authors: Silva Carla Melo da , Gallon Mônica da Silva , Madruga Zulma Elizabete de Freitas
Published: February 2020

A avaliação em sala de aula é um componente intrínseco ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem, não podendo ser dissociado ou ignorado. É um aspecto controverso, pois depende da concepção que cada docente carrega, relacionado à sua concepção de educação. Objetiva-se neste artigo analisar como professores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento cursando uma segunda licenciatura, em pedagogia, compreendem o processo avaliativo no âmbito da sala de aula. Para isso, adensamos as narrativas de 18 professores em quatro grupos: Avaliação como processo no dia- a dia de sala de aula; Avaliação como possibilidade de reflexão da ação docente; Diferentes estratégias de avaliação; e Avaliação Qualitativa versus Quantitativa. Constatou-se que os professores concebem a avaliação como processo contínuo, considerando que é necessário amparar-se em conhecimentos teóricos incorporados na prática, pois só assim será possível efetuar a difícil tarefa de avaliar de forma inclusiva, participativa e emancipadora.
Apropriações do discurso neoliberal das lutas por reconhecimento
Authors: Sena Ercio , Gusman Juliana Magalhães e Ribeiro
Published: February 2020

O artigo pretende refletir sobre os limites das lutas simbólicas por reconhecimento, frequentemente desvinculadas de um projeto de transformação social ampla. O campo progressista tem sido criticado, atualmente, por tomar a questão identitária como  principal motor das lutas sociais. Ao se amparar na afirmação de identidades individuais, atores alinhados politicamente à esquerda tornam-se reféns da ideologia neoliberal do nosso tempo, que facilmente se apropria, em um sentido reverso, das reivindicações de seus adversários. Afinal, a forma ideológica neoliberal tornou-se capaz de orientar, até mesmo, a gramática das revoltas decorrentes de suas políticas. Para problematizar essa assimilação, propomos a análise de imagens divulgadas pelo grupo conservador Movimento Brasil Livre nas redes sociais, que julgamos representativas dessa tática do pensamento neoliberal.
“É de confiar desconfiando”: tensões e conflitos entre o ativismo LGBT e a mídia
Authors: Bonoto Carolina , Brignol Liliane Dutra
Published: February 2020

Este artigo analisa a relação entre o ativismo LGBT brasileiro e os usos da internet, especificamente no âmbito das tensões e conflitos travados com a mídia tradicional. Através da observação de quatro plataformas digitais voltadas ao ativismo pró-LGBT e de entrevistas realizadas com os/as ativistas responsáveis, buscamos contribuir para o debate acerca do impacto desses espaços de comunicação online nas ações do ativismo LGBT. O uso criativo da internet possibilita que ativistas disputem narrativas compensando o fluxo unilateral de informação próprio da mídia tradicional, sobretudo em termos de visibilidade, diversidade de representações, estratégias de diálogo e busca por reconhecimento.
Revisión Teórica sobre las Motivaciones para la Manipulación del Beneficio Contable en las Organizaciones
Authors: Bahamondes Rosado María Emilia
Published: February 2020

Durante los últimos años, la manipulación de las cifras contables, o también conocida con la expresión “Contabilidad creativa”, ha formado y forma parte del lenguaje contable, generando un gran impacto en el ámbito económico y causando diversas opiniones a favor y en contra respecto a la ética del profesional.
El tema de la manipulación de cifras es muy tratado en países como España e Inglaterra, el cual es analizado desde mucho tiempo atrás. Además, a principios del siglo, en Estados Unidos, Venezuela, Chile y México, debido a los casos suscitados, tales como el caso de Enron, WorldCom, Parmalat, entre otras, generó que diversos autores discutan la diferencia entre la creatividad y el fraude, la neutralidad y razonabilidad de la información que se presenta en sus registros.
En los últimos años, en el Perú, ha tomado una gran importancia la generación de confianza desde las empresas hacia los usuarios de la información, por tanto, la identificación de cuáles podrían ser los factores por lo que una empresa decide alterar sus cifras de beneficio contable, perjudicando y alterando las decisiones que los usuarios puedan tomar sobre dicha base.
Finalmente, es importante conocer que el presente trabajo realiza una revisión teórica sobre el earning management, el fraude contable y los modelos que identifican la presencia de dicha variable en las organizaciones.
Una aproximación a la actividad comercial de Tacna y Arica hacia 1840 durante el gobierno de Agustín Gamarra, un enfoque oficial – regional
Authors: Yábar Ben Yusef
Published: February 2020

El presente estudio describe el contexto en el que se desarrolla la actividad comercial presente en la ciudad de Tacna y el Puerto de Arica durante el segundo gobierno del mariscal Agustín Gamarra Messía (1839 - 1841), específicamente el estudio abarca el año de 1840. Cabe indicar que para el periodo de estudio Tacna era una ciudad que había experimentado un crecimiento económico sostenido desde el inicio del periodo independiente, todo a partir de mecanismos de liberalización del comercio en la naciente república peruana, sin que esto signifique el ejercicio del libre comercio en sentido estricto. El estudio ha recurrido al análisis cualitativo documental en base a la colección del periódico: “El Mensajero de Tacna”, editado en Tacna entre 1840 y 1841 por Manuel de Mendiburu.
Viabilidad del Modelo de John Murra en el Valle de Sama
Authors: Yábar Ben Yusef
Published: February 2020

La viabilidad del modelo de “control vertical” John Murra se encuentra vigente, pero no en todo su sentido, ni tampoco en todos los espacios geográficos del mundo andino, sino en las etnias que reunieron ciertas características, como el de poder desarrollarse en ejes donde no se encontraran grandes civilizaciones costeras, como precisamente ocurrió con Sama en el actual extremo sur peruano. Sin embargo recientes descubrimientos se ha evidenciado que no solamente se ejerció el control vertical por parte de los pueblos altiplánicos, como fue el caso de los lupaqas sobre los valles costeros, en este caso Sama, sino que también coexistieron otras modalidades de complementariedad como fue la retribución y el intercambio sobre todo en el periodo tardío que correspondió al imperio Inca. Finalmente se debe entender que también existieron diferente tipos de control de pisos ecológicos tanto vertical, como horizontal y otras formas específicas. El caso es que no se puede generalizar este modelo, como se pretendió hacerse entre los años 60 y 70.