bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A General Curvilinear Magnetic Field‐Line‐Following Coordinate System for Ionosphere‐Plasmasphere Modeling
Authors: Wang Houjun
Published: January 2022

We propose a simple way to define a field‐line‐following, general curvilinear coordinate system for a general magnetic field. This definition of field‐line‐following coordinate system reduces to a usual definition of dipole coordinate system when the magnetic field is approximated by an axisymmetric dipole. In this way, it can facilitate the numerical implementation by enabling validation of various metric terms computed numerically against those defined analytically in the case of the dipole field. Steps involved in grid generation are also sketched. Highly accurate results are obtained using the high‐order ordinary differential equation (ODE) solver to solve the general magnetic field line equations. The accuracy and consistency of the numerical implementation are validated against analytical results in the case of a dipole field. Numerical results show that this field‐line‐following coordinate system for the general magnetic field, like the coordinates for the dipole field, is also an Euler potential or Clebsch type coordinate system.
High‐Latitude Paleointensities During the Cretaceous Normal Superchron From the Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt
Authors: Bobrovnikova E. M. , Lhuillier F. , Shcherbakov V. P. , Shcherbakova V. V. , Zhidkov G. V. , Lebedev I. E. , Eid B. , Pavlov V. E.
Published: January 2022

We conducted an absolute paleointensity survey on 74 lava flows from the Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt (NE Russia), emplaced 90–83 Ma toward the end of the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (CNS, 121–84 Ma). Relying on preliminary results, we restricted our analysis to eight lava flows (140 Thellier–Coe experiments), two of which also yielded successful Wilson determinations. A detailed analysis of the magneto‐mineralogy—based on X‐ray structural analysis, reflected‐light microscopy, and thermomagnetic curves—indicates that the determinations from solely two lava flows can be fully trusted, with remanence carriers (a) dominated by low‐titanium titanomagnetite, (b) showing unambiguous traces of high‐temperature oxidation, and (c) yielding partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) tails representative of pseudo‐single‐domain grains. Recalculated in terms of geomagnetic dipole strength, our two successful flow‐mean determinations yield virtual dipole moments of 4.76 ± 0.26 × 1022 Am2 (N = 7) and 9.07 ± 0.84 × 1022 Am2 (N = 8). Using an updated version of the paleointensity database for the Cretaceous epoch, we stress that determinations based on nonglassy whole rocks, submarine basaltic glasses, and single crystals are mutually inconsistent, suggesting a separate analysis of their distributions is more appropriate. Despite statistically indistinguishable estimates of dipole strength before and after the onset of the CNS—in accord with recent studies refuting the existence of a strict correlation between chron duration and dipole moment—we found that the distribution of dipole moments during the CNS is slightly bimodal with a leptokurtic dominant mode, thus more inclined to produce outliers and suggesting distinct geomagnetic field behavior during the CNS.
What genes are differentially expressed in individuals with schizophrenia? A systematic review
Authors: Merikangas Alison K. , Shelly Matthew , Knighton Alexys , Kotler Nicholas , Tanenbaum Nicole , Almasy Laura
Published: January 2022

Schizophrenia is a severe, complex mental disorder characterized by a combination of positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and impaired cognitive function. Schizophrenia is highly heritable (~80%) with multifactorial etiology and complex polygenic genetic architecture. Despite the large number of genetic variants associated with schizophrenia, few causal variants have been established. Gaining insight into the mechanistic influences of these genetic variants may facilitate our ability to apply these findings to prevention and treatment. Though there have been more than 300 studies of gene expression in schizophrenia over the past 15 years, none of the studies have yielded consistent evidence for specific genes that contribute to schizophrenia risk. The aim of this work is to conduct a systematic review and synthesis of case–control studies of genome-wide gene expression in schizophrenia. Comprehensive literature searches were completed in PubMed, EmBase, and Web of Science, and after a systematic review of the studies, data were extracted from those that met the following inclusion criteria: human case–control studies comparing the genome-wide transcriptome of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia to healthy controls published between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2020 in the English language. Genes differentially expressed in cases were extracted from these studies, and overlapping genes were compared to previous research findings from the genome-wide association, structural variation, and tissue-expression studies. The transcriptome-wide analysis identified different genes than those previously reported in genome-wide association, exome sequencing, and structural variation studies of schizophrenia. Only one gene, GBP2, was replicated in five studies. Previous work has shown that this gene may play a role in immune function in the etiology of schizophrenia, which in turn could have implications for risk profiling, prevention, and treatment. This review highlights the methodological inconsistencies that impede valid meta-analyses and synthesis across studies. Standardization of the use of covariates, gene nomenclature, and methods for reporting results could enhance our understanding of the potential mechanisms through which genes exert their influence on the etiology of schizophrenia. Although these results are promising, collaborative efforts with harmonization of methodology will facilitate the identification of the role of genes underlying schizophrenia.
Not all smokers are alike: the hidden cost of sustained attention during nicotine abstinence
Authors: Deshpande Harshawardhan U. , Fedota John R. , Castillo Juan , Salmeron Betty Jo , Ross Thomas J. , Stein Elliot A.
Published: January 2022

Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome (NWS)-associated cognitive deficits are notably heterogeneous, suggesting underlying endophenotypic variance. However, parsing this variance in smokers has remained challenging. In this study, we identified smoker subgroups based on response accuracy during a Parametric Flanker Task (PFT) and then characterized distinct neuroimaging endophenotypes using a nicotine state manipulation. Smokers completed the PFT in two fMRI sessions (nicotine sated, abstinent). Based on response accuracy in the stressful, high cognitive demand PFT condition, smokers split into high (HTP, n = 21) and low task performer (LTP, n = 24) subgroups. Behaviorally, HTPs showed greater response accuracy (88.68% ± 5.19 SD) vs. LTPs (51.04% ± 4.72 SD), independent of nicotine state, and greater vulnerability to abstinence-induced errors of omission (EOm, p = 0.01). Neurobiologically, HTPs showed greater BOLD responses in attentional control brain regions, including bilateral insula, dorsal ACC, and frontoparietal Cx for the [correct responses (–) errors of commission] PFT contrast in both states. A whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis with these subgroup-derived regions as seeds identified two circuits: Precentral Cx↔Insula and Insula↔Occipital Cx, with abstinence-induced FC strength increases seen only in HTPs. Finally, abstinence-induced FC and behavior (EOm) differences were positively correlated for HTPs in a Precentral Cx↔Orbitofrontal cortical circuit. In sum, only the HTP subgroup demonstrated sustained attention deficits following 48-hr nicotine abstinence, a stressor in dependent smokers. Unpacking underlying smoker heterogeneity with this ‘dual (task and abstinence) stressor’ approach revealed discrete smoker subgroups with differential attentional deficits to withdrawal that could be novel pharmacological/behavioral targets for therapeutic interventions to improve cessation outcomes.
Public health primary prevention implemented by clinical high-risk services for psychosis
Authors: Estradé Andrés , Salazar de Pablo Gonzalo , Zanotti Alice , Wood Scott , Fisher Helen L. , Fusar-Poli Paolo
Published: January 2022

Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) services have been primarily developed to support young people with attenuated symptoms (indicated prevention). No evidence-based appraisal has systematically investigated to what extent these clinics may implement other preventive approaches. PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review of Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Reviews, and Ovid/PsychINFO, from inception until 14th June 2021, identifying original studies describing public health strategies: (a) service characteristics (configuration of mental health service, outreach, pathways to care); (b) universal interventions (general population); (c) selective interventions targeting CHR-P service-users or family/carers. Public health preventive initiatives were systematically stratified according to core social determinants of mental disorders associated with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals promoted by the United Nations Member States (UN 2030 SDG) and good mental health outcomes. A total of 66 publications were included, providing data on 13 standalone, 40 integrated, three networks, and six regional or international surveys of CHR-P services across Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa, North and South America, providing care to >28 M people. CHR-P services implement numerous public health initiatives targeting social and cultural (16 initiatives), economic (seven initiatives), demographic (six initiatives), environmental events (four initiatives) and neighbourhood (three initiatives) UN 2030 SGD determinants of mental disorders. There is additional evidence for CHR-P services promoting good mental health. The main barriers were the lack of resources for expanding public health prevention at a large scale. CHR-P services implement numerous public health prevention initiatives and promotion of good mental health beyond indicated prevention of psychosis.
Azacitidine-induced reconstitution of the bone marrow T cell repertoire is associated with superior survival in AML patients
Authors: Grimm Juliane , Simnica Donjete , Jäkel Nadja , Paschold Lisa , Willscher Edith , Schulze Susann , Dierks Christine , Al-Ali Haifa Kathrin , Binder Mascha
Published: January 2022

Hypomethylating agents (HMA) like azacitidine are licensed for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients ineligible for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biomarker-driven identification of HMA-responsive patients may facilitate the choice of treatment, especially in the challenging subgroup above 60 years of age. Since HMA possesses immunomodulatory functions that constitute part of their anti-tumor effect, we set out to analyze the bone marrow (BM) immune environment by next-generation sequencing of T cell receptor beta (TRB) repertoires in 51 AML patients treated within the RAS-AZIC trial. Patients with elevated pretreatment T cell diversity (11 out of 41 patients) and those with a boost of TRB richness on day 15 after azacitidine treatment (12 out of 46 patients) had longer event-free and overall survival. Both pretreatment and dynamic BM T cell metrics proved to be better predictors of outcome than other established risk factors. The favorable broadening of the BM T cell space appeared to be driven by antigen since these patients showed significant skewing of TRBV gene usage. Our data suggest that one course of AZA can cause reconstitution to a more physiological T cell BM niche and that the T cell space plays an underestimated prognostic role in AML.

Trial registration: DRKS identifier: DRKS00004519
HucMSC exosomes promoted imatinib-induced apoptosis in K562-R cells via a miR-145a-5p/USP6/GLS1 axis
Authors: Chen Xiaowen , Chen Yixin , Zhang Min , Cheng Hui , Mai Huirong , Yi Meng , Xu Huanli , Yuan Xiuli , Liu Sixi , Wen Feiqiu
Published: January 2022

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm with increasing incidence worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) play a role in cancer treatment. Dysregulation of miR-146a has been found in both adult and pediatric patients with acute leukemia. Knockdown of glutaminase-1 (GLS1) resulted in inhibition of tumor growth. However, the role of miR-146a-5p/USP6/GLS1 in leukemia and chemoresistance of leukemia cells remains to be elucidated. In the current study, USP6 level was increased in bone marrow aspiration specimens of patients with CML and associated with poor prognosis. USP6 was significantly upregulated in imatinib (IM)-resistant clinical samples compared with IM-sensitive samples. USP6 overexpression significantly inhibited IM-induced apoptosis of leukemia cells. Overexpressing USP6 significantly increased GLS1 ubiquitination to decrease GLS protein. A mechanism study indicated that USP6 regulation of IM resistance of CML cells was GLS1 dependent and regulated by miR-146a-5p. Administration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC) exosomes promoted IM-induced cell apoptosis through miR-145a-5p/USP6. Therefore, hucMSC exosomes promoted IM-induced apoptosis of K562-R cells by suppressing GLS1 ubiquitination to increase GLS protein via miR-146a-5p and its target GLS1. The findings highlight the importance of miR-146a-5p/USP6/GLS1 signaling in chemoresistance of leukemia and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for chemoresistant leukemia.
Enhancing the interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and tunnel magnetoresistance by inserting an ultrathin LiF layer at an Fe/MgO interface
Authors: Nozaki Takayuki , Nozaki Tomohiro , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Konoto Makoto , Sugihara Atsushi , Yakushiji Kay , Kubota Hitoshi , Fukushima Akio , Yuasa Shinji
Published: January 2022

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is becoming increasingly important in spintronics research, especially for high-density magnetoresistive random access memories (MRAMs). The PMA induced at an Fe/MgO interface is widely used in magnetic tunnel junctions. Here, we propose inserting an ultrathin LiF layer at the interface in an epitaxial Fe/MgO junction. With a 0.3 nm-thick LiF layer, a large intrinsic interface PMA energy, Ki,0, of 2.8 mJ/m2 was achieved. We also found that the LiF/MgO bilayer tunneling barrier exhibited a large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect, suggesting that a coherent spin-dependent tunneling process was maintained in the ultrathin LiF layer. Atomic-scale interface engineering using fluoride can further improve the PMA and TMR properties of spintronic devices.
In vitro synergistic activity of colistin and teicoplanin combination against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp
Authors: Rady Osama Mohamed Samy Mohamed , El-Attar Laila , Amine Amira
Published: January 2022

Drug combinations may have a crucial role in treating infections due to multidrug resistant Acinetobacter spp. One suggested combination is colistin with teicoplanin. The effect of colistin on Acinetobacter spp. outer membrane can permit teicoplanin to its target in the cell wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergistic activity of colistin and teicoplanin combination against 29 multidrug resistant isolates of Acinetobacter spp. The antimicrobial activity of colistin alone and in combination with teicoplanin was assessed using MIC and time–kill assays. The combination of 1 mg/l colistin and 10 mg/l teicoplanin showed in vitro synergism against all tested Acinetobacter isolates except one (Acinetobacter lowffii). The combination of 1 mg/l colistin and 10 mg/l teicoplanin was bactericidal at 6 h against 100% of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates with no bacterial regrowth at 24 h. The same combination was bactericidal against three out of seven non-baumannii Acinetobacter isolates. The increased concentration of teicoplanin (20 mg/l) was synergistic but still not bactericidal against the four remaining isolates. The combination of colistin and teicoplanin was synergistic against all tested Acinetobacter spp It is therefore recommended that clinical trials are conducted to clarify the therapeutic potential of the combination.
A novel variant in SMG9 causes intellectual disability, confirming a role for nonsense-mediated decay components in neurocognitive development
Authors: Rahikkala Elisa , Urpa Lea , Ghimire Bishwa , Topa Hande , Kurki Mitja I. , Koskela Maryna , Airavaara Mikko , Hämäläinen Eija , Pylkäs Katri , Körkkö Jarmo , Savolainen Helena , Suoranta Anu , Bertoli-Avella Aida , Rolfs Arndt , Mattila Pirkko , Daly Mark , Palotie Aarno , Pietiläinen Olli , Moilanen Jukka , Kuismin Outi
Published: January 2022

Biallelic loss-of-function variants in the SMG9 gene, encoding a regulatory subunit of the mRNA nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) machinery, are reported to cause heart and brain malformation syndrome. Here we report five patients from three unrelated families with intellectual disability (ID) and a novel pathogenic SMG9 c.551 T > C p.(Val184Ala) homozygous missense variant, identified using exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing confirmed recessive segregation in each family. SMG9 c.551T > C p.(Val184Ala) is most likely an autozygous variant identical by descent. Characteristic clinical findings in patients were mild to moderate ID, intention tremor, pyramidal signs, dyspraxia, and ocular manifestations. We used RNA sequencing of patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls to assess the effect of the variant. RNA sequencing revealed that the SMG9 c.551T > C variant did not affect the splicing or expression level of SMG9 gene products, and allele-specific expression analysis did not provide evidence that the nonsense mRNA-induced NMD was affected. Differential gene expression analysis identified prevalent upregulation of genes in patients, including the genes SMOX, OSBP2, GPX3, and ZNF155. These findings suggest that normal SMG9 function may be involved in transcriptional regulation without affecting nonsense mRNA-induced NMD. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the SMG9 c.551T > C missense variant causes a neurodevelopmental disorder and impacts gene expression. NMD components have roles beyond aberrant mRNA degradation that are crucial for neurocognitive development.
Host receptor-targeted therapeutic approach to counter pathogenic New World mammarenavirus infections
Authors: Hickerson Brady T. , Daniels-Wells Tracy R. , Payes Cristian , Clark Lars E. , Candelaria Pierre V. , Bailey Kevin W. , Sefing Eric J. , Zink Samantha , Ziegenbein James , Abraham Jonathan , Helguera Gustavo , Penichet Manuel L. , Gowen Brian B.
Published: January 2022

Five New World mammarenaviruses (NWMs) cause life-threatening hemorrhagic fever (HF). Cellular entry by these viruses is mediated by human transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR1). Here, we demonstrate that an antibody (ch128.1/IgG1) which binds the apical domain of hTfR1, potently inhibits infection of attenuated and pathogenic NWMs in vitro. Computational docking of the antibody Fab crystal structure onto the known structure of hTfR1 shows an overlapping receptor-binding region shared by the Fab and the viral envelope glycoprotein GP1 subunit that binds hTfR1, and we demonstrate competitive inhibition of NWM GP1 binding by ch128.1/IgG1 as the principal mechanism of action. Importantly, ch128.1/IgG1 protects hTfR1-expressing transgenic mice against lethal NWM challenge. Additionally, the antibody is well-tolerated and only partially reduces ferritin uptake. Our findings provide the basis for the development of a novel, host receptor-targeted antibody therapeutic broadly applicable to the treatment of HF of NWM etiology.
A general synthesis of azetidines by copper-catalysed photoinduced anti-Baldwin radical cyclization of ynamides
Authors: Jacob Clément , Baguia Hajar , Dubart Amaury , Oger Samuel , Thilmany Pierre , Beaudelot Jérôme , Deldaele Christopher , Peruško Stefano , Landrain Yohann , Michelet Bastien , Neale Samuel , Romero Eugénie , Moucheron Cécile , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Theunissen Cédric , Evano Gwilherm
Published: January 2022

A general anti-Baldwin radical 4-exo-dig cyclization from nitrogen-substituted alkynes is reported. Upon reaction with a heteroleptic copper complex in the presence of an amine and under visible light irradiation, a range of ynamides were shown to smoothly cyclize to the corresponding azetidines, useful building blocks in natural product synthesis and medicinal chemistry, with full control of the regioselectivity of the cyclization resulting from a unique and underrated radical 4-exo-dig pathway.
Depletion of mitochondrial methionine adenosyltransferase α1 triggers mitochondrial dysfunction in alcohol-associated liver disease
Authors: Barbier-Torres Lucía , Murray Ben , Yang Jin Won , Wang Jiaohong , Matsuda Michitaka , Robinson Aaron , Binek Aleksandra , Fan Wei , Fernández-Ramos David , Lopitz-Otsoa Fernando , Luque-Urbano Maria , Millet Oscar , Mavila Nirmala , Peng Hui , Ramani Komal , Gottlieb Roberta , Sun Zhaoli , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Seki Ekihiro , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Mato Jose M. , Lu Shelly C.
Published: January 2022

MATα1 catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, the principal biological methyl donor. Lower MATα1 activity and mitochondrial dysfunction occur in alcohol-associated liver disease. Besides cytosol and nucleus, MATα1 also targets the mitochondria of hepatocytes to regulate their function. Here, we show that mitochondrial MATα1 is selectively depleted in alcohol-associated liver disease through a mechanism that involves the isomerase PIN1 and the kinase CK2. Alcohol activates CK2, which phosphorylates MATα1 at Ser114 facilitating interaction with PIN1, thereby inhibiting its mitochondrial localization. Blocking PIN1-MATα1 interaction increased mitochondrial MATα1 levels and protected against alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and fat accumulation. Normally, MATα1 interacts with mitochondrial proteins involved in TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid β-oxidation. Preserving mitochondrial MATα1 content correlates with higher methylation and expression of mitochondrial proteins. Our study demonstrates a role of CK2 and PIN1 in reducing mitochondrial MATα1 content leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in alcohol-associated liver disease.
Phloem iron remodels root development in response to ammonium as the major nitrogen source
Authors: Liu Xing Xing , Zhang Hai Hua , Zhu Qing Yang , Ye Jia Yuan , Zhu Ya Xin , Jing Xiang Ting , Du Wen Xin , Zhou Miao , Lin Xian Yong , Zheng Shao Jian , Jin Chong Wei
Published: January 2022

Plants use nitrate and ammonium as major nitrogen (N) sources, each affecting root development through different mechanisms. However, the exact signaling pathways involved in root development are poorly understood. Here, we show that, in Arabidopsis thaliana, either disruption of the cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 or a decrease in iron supplementation efficiently alleviates the growth inhibition of primary roots in response to NH4+ as the N source. Further study revealed that, compared with nitrate, ammonium led to excess iron accumulation in the apoplast of phloem in an LPR2-dependent manner. Such an aberrant iron accumulation subsequently causes massive callose deposition in the phloem from a resulting burst of reactive oxygen species, which impairs the function of the phloem. Therefore, ammonium attenuates primary root development by insufficiently allocating sucrose to the growth zone. Our results link phloem iron to root morphology in response to environmental cues.
Structure of Vibrio collagenase VhaC provides insight into the mechanism of bacterial collagenolysis
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Peng , Cao Hai-Yan , Ding Hai-Tao , Su Hai-Nan , Liu Shi-Cheng , Liu Guangfeng , Zhang Xia , Li Chun-Yang , Peng Ming , Li Fuchuan , Li Shengying , Chen Yin , Chen Xiu-Lan , Zhang Yu-Zhong
Published: January 2022

The collagenases of Vibrio species, many of which are pathogens, have been regarded as an important virulence factor. However, there is little information on the structure and collagenolytic mechanism of Vibrio collagenase. Here, we report the crystal structure of the collagenase module (CM) of Vibrio collagenase VhaC and the conformation of VhaC in solution. Structural and biochemical analyses and molecular dynamics studies reveal that triple-helical collagen is initially recognized by the activator domain, followed by subsequent cleavage by the peptidase domain along with the closing movement of CM. This is different from the peptidolytic mode or the proposed collagenolysis of Clostridium collagenase. We propose a model for the integrated collagenolytic mechanism of VhaC, integrating the functions of VhaC accessory domains and its collagen degradation pattern. This study provides insight into the mechanism of bacterial collagenolysis and helps in structure-based drug design targeting of the Vibrio collagenase.
Supercurrent decay in ballistic magnetic Josephson junctions
Authors: Ness Hervé , Sadovskyy Ivan A. , Antipov Andrey E. , van Schilfgaarde Mark , Lutchyn Roman M.
Published: January 2022

We investigate transport properties of ballistic magnetic Josephson junctions and establish that suppression of supercurrent is an intrinsic property of the junctions, even in absence of disorder. By studying the role of ferromagnet thickness, magnetization, and crystal orientation we show how the supercurrent decays exponentially with thickness and identify two mechanisms responsible for the effect: (i) large exchange splitting may gap out minority or majority carriers leading to the suppression of Andreev reflection in the junction, (ii) loss of synchronization between different modes due to the significant dispersion of the quasiparticle velocity with the transverse momentum. Our results for Nb/Ni/Nb junctions are in good agreement with recent experimental studies. Our approach combines density functional theory and the Bogoliubov-de Gennes model and opens a path for material composition optimization in magnetic Josephson junctions and superconducting magnetic spin valves.
Numerical characterization of astronaut CaOx renal stone incidence rates to quantify in-flight and post-flight relative risk
Authors: Goodenow-Messman Debra A. , Gokoglu Suleyman A. , Kassemi Mohammad , Myers Jerry G.
Published: January 2022

Changes in urine chemistry potentially alter the risk of renal stone formation in astronauts. Quantifying spaceflight renal stone incidence risk compared to pre-flight levels remains a significant challenge for assessing the appropriate vehicle, mission, and countermeasure design. A computational biochemistry model representing CaOx crystal precipitation, growth, and agglomeration is combined with a probabilistic analysis to predict the in- and post-flight CaOx renal stone incidence risk ratio (IRR) relative to pre-flight values using 1517 astronaut 24-h urine chemistries. Our simulations predict that in-flight fluid intake alone would need to increase from current prescriptions of 2.0–2.5 L/day to ~3.2 L/day to approach the CaOx IRR of the pre-flight population. Bone protective interventions would reduce CaOx risk to pre-flight levels if Ca excretion alone is reduced to <150 mg/day or if current levels are diminished to 190 mg/day in combination with increasing fluid intake to 2.5–2.7 L/day. This analysis provides a quantitative risk assessment that can influence the critical balance between engineering and astronaut health requirements.
Prioritising primary care respiratory research needs: results from the 2020 International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) global e-Delphi exercise
Authors: Abdel-Aal Arwa , Lisspers Karin , Williams Siân , Adab Peymané , Adams Rachel , Agarwal Dhiraj , Barnard Amanda , Bouloukaki Izolde , van Boven Job F. M. , Chavannes Niels , Dickens Andrew P. , van Gemert Frederik , Escarrer Mercedes , Haroon Shamil , Kayongo Alex , Kirenga Bruce , Kocks Janwillem W. H. , Kotz Daniel , Newby Chris , McNulty Cliodna , Metting Esther , Moral Luis , Papadakis Sophia , Pinnock Hilary , Price David , Ryan Dermot , Singh Sally J. , Correia de Sousa Jaime , Ställberg Björn , Szefler Stanley J. , Taylor Stephanie J. C. , Tsiligianni Ioanna , Turner Alice , Weller David , Yusuf Osman , Tabyshova Aizhamal K. , Jordan Rachel E.
Published: January 2022

Respiratory diseases remain a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality and primary care plays a central role in their prevention, diagnosis and management. An e-Delphi process was employed to identify and prioritise the current respiratory research needs of primary care health professionals worldwide. One hundred and twelve community-based physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals from 27 high-, middle- and low-income countries suggested 608 initial research questions, reduced after evidence review by 27 academic experts to 176 questions covering diagnosis, management, monitoring, self-management and prognosis of asthma, COPD and other respiratory conditions (including infections, lung cancer, tobacco control, sleep apnoea). Forty-nine questions reached 80% consensus for importance. Cross-cutting themes identified were: a need for more effective training of primary care clinicians; evidence and guidelines specifically relevant to primary care, adaption for local and low-resource settings; empowerment of patients to improve self-management; and the role of the multidisciplinary healthcare team.
Picosecond pulsed laser illumination: an ultimate solution for photonic versus thermal processes’ contest in SOI photo-activated modulator
Authors: Glukhov David , Zalevsky Zeev , Karsenty Avi
Published: January 2022

The functionality of a nanoscale silicon-based optoelectronic modulator is deeply analyzed while it appears that two competing processes, thermal and photonic, are occurring at the same time, and are preventing the optimization of the electro-optics coupling. While an incident illumination-beam first process is translated into photons, generating pairs of electrons–holes, a second process of thermal generation, creating phonons enables a loss of energy. Complementary studies, combining strong analytical models and numerical simulations, enabled to better understand this competition between photonic and thermal activities, in order to optimize the modulator. Moreover, in order to prevent unnecessary heating effects and to present a proposed solution, a picosecond pulsed laser is suggested and demonstrated as the ultimate solution so no energy will be wasted in heat, and still the photonic energy will be fully used. First ever-analytical solution to the heating produced due to the laser illumination applied on a nano-photonic device, while the illumination is produced in a periodic time changing function, e.g. a pulsed illumination, is presented. The present case study and proposed adapted solution can serve as a basis of generic approach in sensors’ activation towards optimized photonics absorption.
Endoscopy applications for the second law analysis in hydromagnetic peristaltic nanomaterial rheology
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Shoaib Muhammad , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Arif Saba , Malik Muhammad Yousaf , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Ismail Khadiga Ahmed
Published: January 2022

In current study, analysis is presented for peristaltic motion of applied magnetic field and entropy generation within couple stress (Cu/H2O) nanofluid through an endoscope. An endoscope contains two coaxial cylindrical tubes in which the internal tube is nonflexible while the external tube has sinusoidal wave passing through the boundary. Influences of mixed convection along with applied magnetic field are encountered as well. Formulated governing model is fabricated introducing long wavelength and creeping Stokesian flow approximation which are then analyzed numerically by utilizing Adams Bashforth method. For a physical insight, results are demonstrated to examine the behaviors of flow profiles and entropy generation number for emerging flow parameters with the help of graphs, bar-charts and tables.
Facile fabrication of flexible metal grid transparent electrode using inkjet-printed dot array as sacrificial layer
Authors: Kim Chaewon , An Kunsik , Kang Mingu , Won Phillip , Park Jung-Jae , Cho Kwan Hyun , Ko Seung Hwan , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Kang Kyung-Tae
Published: January 2022

In this study, we introduce a flexible metal grid transparent electrode fabricated using a lift-off process. This transparent electrode consisting of metal thin film with punched-like pattern by hole array was fabricated with 8 um separations. The separation of inkjet-printed etching resistant ink droplets was controlled in order to investigate the relationship between its electrical and optical properties of the electrodes. The aluminum areal density was defined to predict the electrical and optical properties of different arrays. A high and uniform transmittance spectrum appears to extend broadly into the UV region. The figure of merit of the transparent electrode was investigated in order to determine its performance as a transparent electrode. Moreover, there was no significant change in the resistance after 7000 bending cycles, indicating that the array conductor had superior stability. We also demonstrate transparent touch screen panels fabricated using the transparent electrode.
Critical behavior of nonequilibrium depinning transitions for vortices driven by current and vortex density
Authors: Kaji T. , Maegochi S. , Ienaga K. , Kaneko S. , Okuma S.
Published: January 2022

We study the critical dynamics of vortices associated with dynamic disordering near the depinning transitions driven by dc force (dc current I) and vortex density (magnetic field B). Independent of the driving parameters, I and B, we observe the critical behavior of the depinning transitions, not only on the moving side, but also on the pinned side of the transition, which is the first convincing verification of the theoretical prediction. Relaxation times, $$\tau (I)$$

τ
(
I
)

and $$\tau (B)$$

τ
(
B
)

, to reach either the moving or pinned state, plotted against I and B, respectively, exhibit a power-law divergence at the depinning thresholds. The critical exponents of both transitions are, within errors, identical to each other, which are in agreement with the values expected for an absorbing phase transition in the two-dimensional directed-percolation universality class. With an increase in B under constant I, the depinning transition at low B is replaced by the repinning transition at high B in the peak-effect regime. We find a trend that the critical exponents in the peak-effect regime are slightly smaller than those in the low-B regime and the theoretical one, which is attributed to the slight difference in the depinning mechanism in the peak-effect regime.
Comparative genomic analysis of plasmids encoding metallo-β-lactamase NDM-5 in Enterobacterales Korean isolates from companion dogs
Authors: Kyung Su Min , Choi Sung-Woon , Lim Jaewon , Shim Soojin , Kim Suji , Im Young Bin , Lee Na-Eun , Hwang Cheol-Yong , Kim Donghyuk , Yoo Han Sang
Published: January 2022

Carbapenems are broad-spectrum antibiotics widely used for the treatment of human infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. However, emerging carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are rising as a public threat to human and animal health. We screened clinical bacterial isolates from 241 dogs and 18 cats hospitalized at Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University, from 2018 to 2020 for carbapenemase production. In our study, 5 strains of metallo-β-lactamase NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from 4 different dogs. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) results showed that all E. coli strains were ST410 and all K. pneumoniae strains were ST378. Whole genome analysis of the plasmid showed that blaNDM-5 is carried on a IncX3 plasmid, showing a high concordance rate with plasmids detected worldwide in human and animal isolates. The blaNDM gene was associated with the bleMBL gene and the ISAba125 element, truncated with the IS5 element. The results of this study show that CPE has already become as a threat to both animals and humans in our society, posing the necessity to solve it in terms of "One Health". Therefore, preventive strategies should be developed to prevent the spread of CPE in animal and human societies.
Inventory reveals wide biodiversity of edible insects in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Ishara Jackson , Ayagirwe Rodrigue , Karume Katcho , Mushagalusa Gustave N. , Bugeme David , Niassy Saliou , Udomkun Patchimaporn , Kinyuru John
Published: January 2022

In response to growing food demand, edible insects are perceived as an opportunity to alleviate food insecurity. With its wide edible insects’ biodiversity, the Democratic Republic of Congo is one of Africa’s most critical entomophagous. This study aimed at giving a first insight on inventory showing diversity, perception, consumption, availability, host plants, harvesting techniques and processing techniques of edible insects in South-Kivu, DRC. It recorded twenty-three edible insects belonging to nine families and five orders, some of which are consumed in the larval, adult, egg and pupa stages. Rhyncophorus phoenicis, Alphitobius diaperinus, Macrotermes subhyalinus and Acheta domesticus were the most preferred edible insects in Fizi Territory, Ruspolia differens and Apis mellifera larvae in Kabare Territory, Imbrasia oyemensis, Imbrasia epimethea, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Rhyncophorus phoenicis in Mwenga Territory, Ruspolia differens, Macrotermes subhyalinus, Gryllotalpa africana, Nsike, Nomadacris septemfasciata and A. mellifera larvae in Walungu Territory. Ruspolia differens, I. oyemensis, A. mellifera larvae, G. africana and Nsike, were preferred for their taste. Acheta domesticus, A. diaperinus and A. mellifera larvae were abundant throughout the year, while others were only available for 9 months or less per year. Numerous plants have been recorded as their hosts, including plants used for food and income. Harvesting strategies and period, processing methods and preservation techniques depend on insect species, local knowledge and practices. These findings suggest similar and thorough studies on entomophagy across the country while encouraging the rearing of edible insects to address their existing high demand and environmental concerns.
Modulating human memory for complex scenes with artificially generated images
Authors: Kyle-Davidson Cameron , Bors Adrian G. , Evans Karla K.
Published: January 2022

Visual memory schemas (VMS) are two-dimensional memorability maps that capture the most memorable regions of a given scene, predicting with a high degree of consistency human observer’s memory for the same images. These maps are hypothesized to correlate with a mental framework of knowledge employed by humans to encode visual memories. In this study, we develop a generative model we term ‘MEMGAN’ constrained by extracted visual memory schemas that generates completely new complex scene images that vary based on their degree of predicted memorability. The generated populations of high and low memorability images are then evaluated for their memorability using a human observer experiment. We gather VMS maps for these generated images from participants in the memory experiment and compare these with the intended target VMS maps. Following the evaluation of observers’ memory performance through both VMS-defined memorability and hit rate, we find significantly superior memory performance by human observers for the highly memorable generated images compared to poorly memorable. Implementing and testing a construct from cognitive science allows us to generate images whose memorability we can manipulate at will, as well as providing a tool for further study of mental schemas in humans.
Highly accurate machine learning prediction of crystal point groups for ternary materials from chemical formula
Authors: Alsaui Abdulmohsen , Alqahtani Saad M. , Mumtaz Faisal , Ibrahim Alsayoud G. , Mohammed Alghadeer , Muqaibel Ali H. , Rashkeev Sergey N. , Baloch Ahmer A. B. , Alharbi Fahhad H.
Published: January 2022

One of the most challenging problems in condensed matter physics is to predict crystal structure just from the chemical formula of the material. In this work, we present a robust machine learning (ML) predictor for the crystal point group of ternary materials (A$$_l$$

l

B$$_m$$

m

C$$_n$$

n

) - as first step to predict the structure - with very small set of ionic and positional fundamental features. From ML perspective, the problem is strenuous due to multi-labelity, multi-class, and data imbalance. The resulted prediction is very reliable as high balanced accuracies are obtained by different ML methods. Many similarity-based approaches resulted in a balanced accuracy above 95% indicating that the physics is well captured by the reduced set of features; namely, stoichiometry, ionic radii, ionization energies, and oxidation states for each of the three elements in the ternary compound. The accuracy is not limited by the approach; but rather by the limited data points and we should expect higher accuracy prediction by having more reliable data.
Epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal differences between low-grade inflammation and severe exhaustion in LPS-challenged murine monocytes
Authors: Naler Lynette B. , Hsieh Yuan-Pang , Geng Shuo , Zhou Zirui , Li Liwu , Lu Chang
Published: January 2022

Emerging studies suggest that monocytes can be trained by bacterial endotoxin to adopt distinct memory states ranging from low-grade inflammation to immune exhaustion. While low-grade inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, exhausted monocytes with pathogenic and immune-suppressive characteristics may underlie the pathogenesis of polymicrobial sepsis including COVID-19. However, detailed processes by which the dynamic adaption of monocytes occur remain poorly understood. Here we exposed murine bone-marrow derived monocytes to chronic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation at low-dose or high-dose, as well as a PBS control. The cells were profiled for genome-wide H3K27ac modification and gene expression. The gene expression of TRAM-deficient and IRAK-M-deficient monocytes with LPS exposure was also analyzed. We discover that low-grade inflammation preferentially utilizes the TRAM-dependent pathway of TLR4 signaling, and induces the expression of interferon response genes. In contrast, high dose LPS uniquely upregulates exhaustion signatures with metabolic and proliferative pathways. The extensive differences in the epigenomic landscape between low-dose and high-dose conditions suggest the importance of epigenetic regulations in driving differential responses. Our data provide potential targets for future mechanistic or therapeutic studies.
What contributes to the internal mass-transport resistance of redox species through porous thin-film electrodes?
Authors: Joy Miji E. , Tripathi Anand Kumar , Priyadarshani Divya , Choudhury Debittree , Neergat Manoj
Published: January 2022

Transport of redox species through porous thin-film electrodes is investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
Hydrophobic core formation and secondary structure elements in uranyl(vi)-binding peptides
Authors: Tsushima Satoru , Takao Koichiro
Published: January 2022

Peptides with high affinity to UO22+ have been designed.
Computational studies of the magneto-structural correlations in a manganese dimer with Jahn–Teller distortions
Authors: Buchanan Jenna K. , Dais Tyson N. , Plieger Paul G.
Published: January 2022

MnIII dimers with both Jahn–Teller compression and elongation distortions in the same complex show greater ferromagnetic coupling than those with both MnIII centres elongated.
Energetics and J-coupling constants for Ala, Gly, and Val peptides demonstrated using ABEEM polarizable force field in vacuo and an aqueous solution
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhao Dong-Xia , Feng Yue , Wang Jie , Yang Zhong-Zhi
Published: January 2022

The reproduction of various properties of oligopeptides have proven the correctness of the ABEEMσπ PFF in describing the polarisation effect of peptides, matching of the charge and geometric parameters, and transferability of the parameters.
Reactivities of hydrated electrons with organic compounds in aqueous-phase advanced reduction processes
Authors: Daily Rose , Minakata Daisuke
Published: January 2022

Novel linear free energy relationships were determined between experimentally measured rate constants of solvated electrons and theoretically calculated one electron reduction potential for the elucidation of reductive reaction mechanisms.
Tangeretin improves hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress through the Nrf2 pathway in high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mice
Authors: Ke Zunli , Tan Si , Li Haiyang , Jiang Shanshan , Li Yuping , Chen Rui , Li Mingxia
Published: January 2022

Tangeretin supplementation could improve the pathological features of NAFLD in obese mice induced by a high fat diet, and this beneficial function may be associated with the activation of the hepatic Nrf2 pathway.
Coke and sintering resistant nickel atomically doped with ceria nanosheets for highly efficient solar driven hydrogen production from bioethanol
Authors: Yuan Dachao , Peng Yahang , Ma Luping , Li Jianchang , Zhao Jianguo , Hao Jianjun , Wang Shufang , Liang Baolai , Ye Jinhua , Li Yaguang
Published: January 2022

Ni single atoms doped with CeO2 nanosheets combined with a Ti2O3 based photothermal device showed 3 Suns driven ESR with 462 °C temperature, 519 mmol g−1 h−1 H2 production rate, 16.7% solar-to-fuel efficiency and 60 hours of stable operation.
Hierarchical hollow metal nanostructure arrays for selective CO2 conversion
Authors: Maina James W. , Pringle Jennifer M. , Razal Joselito M. , Aslanoglou Stella , Elnathan Roey , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Dumée Ludovic F.
Published: January 2022

Metal hollow nanostructures have a wide range of potential applications in energy storage and conversion, owing to their low density, high surface to volume ratio, and high contact surface area.
High-performance and selective adsorption of ZIF-8/MIL-100 hybrids towards organic pollutants
Authors: Zhong Yukun , Mu Xueliang , Cheang U Kei
Published: January 2022

The adsorption performance of ZIF-MIL series towards common organic pollutants was investigated, and the corresponding mechanism and adsorption application were described.
Modulating the optical and electrical properties of oxygen vacancy-enriched La2Ce2O7:Sm3+ pyrochlore: role of dopant local structure and concentration
Authors: Gupta Santosh K. , Modak Brindaban , Prakash J. , Rawat N. S. , Modak P. , Sudarshan K.
Published: January 2022

This work demonstrates the importance of dopant local structure and concentration in designing Ln3+-doped pyrochlore-based optoelectronic materials.
Total synthesis of ceramides and β-O-glucosylceramides via intramolecular fatty acyl group migration
Authors: Gorantla Jaggaiah N. , Santhi Maniganda , Hua Yanling , Ketudat Cairns James R.
Published: January 2022

Fatty acyl group utilized as both protection and migratory group for the synthesis of ceramides and glucosylceramides.
Ultralong-lifetime Ti/RuO2–IrO2@Pt anodes with a strong metal–support interaction for efficient electrochemical mineralization of perfluorooctanoic acid
Authors: Zhou Jianjun , Wang Tian , Cheng Cheng , Pan Fan , Zhu Yunqing , Ma Hongrui , Niu Junfeng
Published: January 2022

A novel Pt/Ru–Ir oxide catalyst has been successfully synthesized for efficient anodic destruction of perfluorooctanoic acid, a refractory organic pollutant with significant environmental and human health concerns.
Vibronic effect and influence of aggregation on the photophysics of graphene quantum dots
Authors: Liu Thomas , Tonnelé Claire , Zhao Shen , Rondin Loïc , Elias Christine , Medina-Lopez Daniel , Okuno Hanako , Narita Akimitsu , Chassagneux Yannick , Voisin Christophe , Campidelli Stéphane , Beljonne David , Lauret Jean-Sébastien
Published: January 2022

Graphene quantum dots, atomically precise nanopieces of graphene, are promising nanoobjects with potential applications in various domains such as photovoltaics, quantum light emitters and bio-imaging.