bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Expression of an Anti-Idiotypic Antibody Single-Chain Variable Fragment Reduces Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection in MARC-145 Cells
Authors: Li Qiongyi , Wang Xiangpeng , Wang Chengbao , Yu Ying , Wang Gang , Gao Jiming , Liu Hongliang , Xie Huali , Huang Baicheng , Li Zhijun , Kong Ning , Zhang Gaiping , Hsu Walter H , Zhou En-Min
Published: July 2015

Background

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; it is one of the most economically important viral diseases affecting the swine industry worldwide. At present, neither live-attenuated nor inactivated PRRSV vaccines can provide sustainable disease control. Our previous studies have demonstrated that PRRSV infection can produce the auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies (aAb2s) specific to the idiotypic antibodies against PRRSV GP5, which plays an important role in the host immune responses to PRRSV infection. In the present study, a single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) from the monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody specific for the idiotypic antibody against GP5 was expressed in MARC-145 cells and its effect on virus infection in vitro was evaluated.

Methods

An scFv was constructed from the anti-idiotypic antibody (Mab2-5G2) and was named 5G2scFv. The lentiviral vector system was used as a vehicle to deliver 5G2scFv into MARC-145 cells. The effect of 5G2scFv expression in MARC-145 was analysed by determining the PRRSV N protein level and the virus titre in the supernatant. Virus attachment and the level of type I interferon (IFN) were determined to elucidate the mechanism of the scFv effect.

Results

5G2scFv was delivered in MARC-145 cells using the lentiviral vector system as confirmed by the western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays. The PRRSV challenge experiments demonstrated that expressed 5G2scFv in MARC-145 strongly reduced PRRSV infection and replication by inhibiting protein synthesis and progeny virus production. This effect was not due to the change of viability or virus binding, but increased IFN-α at messenger RNA and protein levels.

Conclusions

The expression of the anti-idiotypic antibody 5G2scFv in MARC-145 cells has the interferential effect on PRRSV infection in the cells by induction of IFN-α, which provides a novel therapeutic approach for PRRSV infection.
Detecting Arctic oil spills with NMR: a feasibility study
Authors: Chavez Lana , Altobelli Stephen , Fukushima Eiichi , Zhang Tongsheng , Nedwed Tim , Palandro David , Srnka Len , Thomann Hans
Published: July 2015

To meet the world’s growing energy needs, the oil industry is pursuing oil resources in ice‐prone regions. These activities will require robust oil spill contingency plans. One area of need is a method to remotely detect oil that is trapped beneath or within ice. The current operational method for oil detection within or under ice requires placing personnel on the ice to take measurements. A primary challenge with these measurements is the speed at which they can be collected. Presented here is a scaled‐down prototype of an Earth’s field nuclear magnetic resonance device that can be moved from one spot to another on the ice by a helicopter to quickly survey large areas. This small‐scale version has been built and tested. It successfully differentiates an oil surrogate from the bulk water signal by using an adiabatic inversion, followed by a delay to suppress the otherwise overwhelming water signal before acquiring the signal after an adiabatic half passage. The device will be scaled up, and further testing will be conducted. Initial proof‐of‐principle results show great promise for the development of a remote oil detector.
2D characterization of near‐surface : surface‐wave dispersion inversion versus refraction tomography
Authors: Pasquet Sylvain , Bodet Ludovic , Longuevergne Laurent , Dhemaied Amine , Camerlynck Christian , Rejiba Fayçal , Guérin Roger
Published: July 2015

The joint study of pressure (P‐) and shear (S‐) wave velocities ( and ), as well as their ratio (), has been used for many years at large scales but remains marginal in near‐surface applications. For these applications, and are generally retrieved with seismic refraction tomography combining P and SH (shear‐horizontal) waves, thus requiring two separate acquisitions. Surface‐wave prospecting methods are proposed here as an alternative to SH‐wave tomography in order to retrieve pseudo‐2D sections from typical P‐wave shot gathers and assess the applicability of combined P‐wave refraction tomography and surface‐wave dispersion analysis to estimate ratio. We carried out a simultaneous P‐ and surface‐wave survey on a well‐characterized granite‐micaschists contact at Plœmeur hydrological observatory (France), supplemented with an SH‐wave acquisition along the same line in order to compare results obtained from SH‐wave refraction tomography and surface‐wave profiling. Travel‐time tomography was performed with P‐ and SH‐ wave first arrivals observed along the line to retrieve and models. Windowing and stacking techniques were then used to extract evenly spaced dispersion data from P‐wave shot gathers along the line. Successive 1D Monte Carlo inversions of these dispersion data were performed using fixed Vp values extracted from the model and no lateral constraints between two adjacent 1D inversions. The resulting 1D models were then assembled to create a pseudo‐2D section, which appears to be correctly matching the general features observed on the section. If the pseudo‐section is characterized by strong velocity uncertainties in the deepest layers, it provides a more detailed description of the lateral variations in the shallow layers. Theoretical dispersion curves were also computed along the line with both and models. While the dispersion curves computed from models provide results consistent with the coherent maxima observed on dispersion images, dispersion curves computed from models are generally not fitting the observed propagation modes at low frequency. Surface‐wave analysis could therefore improve Vs models both in terms of reliability and ability to describe lateral variations. Finally, we were able to compute VP/VS sections from both and models. The two sections present similar features, but the section obtained from shows a higher lateral resolution and is consistent with the features observed on electrical resistivity tomography, thus validating our approach for retrieving VP/VS ratio from combined P‐wave tomography and surface‐wave profiling.
Internetworked Social Movements and the Promise of Politics
Authors: Figueras Julen
Published: July 2015

This chapter analyses the Spanish social movement of the 15M, and the influence of Information and Communication Technologies on it. Drawing a distinction between liberal and republican citizenship, the first part of the chapter discusses the interactions between technology and social movements in terms of political participation. This part compares and contrasts characteristics of online-based interactions with offline mobilisations in Spain. The second part of the chapter compiles a set of features that can be found in current Internetworked Social Movements, and its meaning from the perspective of political engagement. The chapter concludes that ICTs contributed to the recuperation of republican politics with current examples that suggest that forthcoming movements will promote this kind of participation.
Prospects of Seismic Upgrading a Weak R.C. School Building Using Light Gauge Steel Walls
Authors: Fülöp Ludovic
Published: July 2015

Significant number of reinforced concrete building frames executed in the ‘50’s-60’s in Europe need seismic upgrading. At those times understanding of earthquake effects was insufficient and quality control on construction sites lacking. This combination resulted in buildings framed in reinforced concrete with bad quality materials and inadequate reinforcement. The low-medium rise buildings often house public functions today. In this paper, we analyze the potentials and limitations of using light prefabricated steel wall systems (LGSW) to upgrade frames to higher seismic standard. Results show that r.c. frames with virtually no seismic resistance (PGA~0.05·g) can be upgraded to resist intermediate earthquakes, possibly up to PGA~0.2·g. The LGSW’s have remarkable flexibility to adapt to the refurbishment requirements in terms of stiffness and strength, and also provide adequate ductility.
Crack Control Measures for Cast-in-Place Concrete Slabs
Authors: Cheng Yu Lan
Published: July 2015

Cracks in the floor slab is a common problem and should be paid great attention in construction. In this paper, combining with an example, the cause of cracks in cast-in-place concrete slabs has been analyzed, then proposed control measures of cast-in-place floor crack.The control measures has a certain reference value for management and quality control of concrete construction work.
Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Properties of Nanostructured Mesoporous Au/CeO2
Authors: Deligen Si Qin , Agula Bao
Published: July 2015

The mesoporous CeO2were prepared via a surfactant-assisted method of nanoparticle assembly, CTAB was used as surfactant. The mesoporous CeO2were used as the supports for preparingxAu/CeO2catalysts by the chemical reduction method, and the catalytic activities of the total oxidation of propane were studied. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM and N2adsorption techniques. The content of Au can affect the catalytic properties of thexAu/CeO2catalysts. 4Au/CeO2exhibited the highest catalytic activity in propane complete oxidation with theT100of 420 °C.
Research on 5 Axis Tool-Path Based on Constant Shearing Stress for Milling Thin-Wall Ceramics
Authors: Sun Quan Ping , Wu Hai Bing , Chen Qian Liang
Published: July 2015

Ceramics is a material of hardness and brittle, so crack arises easily when it is machined. To improve its cutting performance and enhance machining quality, a dynamic model based on constant-shearing-stress is built for milling ceramics, therefore some cutting parameters can be optimized by the model for no crack machining; moreover, an algorithm of 5 axis tool-path designed with constant-shearing-stress is put forward. According to the model and the algorithm, 5 axis tool paths of decreasing-cutting-depth and decreasing-feed-rate are realized; these are really accurate and smooth through VERICUT software simulating. Using Mikron high-speed machining center, several experiments were done to find a good method of crack control in milling thin-wall ceramics. The results show that the experiment based on the 5 axis tool paths with high pressure air cooling and regional cutting is rather successful because of no cracking in cutting thin-wall ceramics, compared to others.
Research on Laser Oxidation Melting Cutting Process of Automobile Carbon Parts
Authors: Xiao Hai Bing
Published: July 2015

This paper deals with the study of automobile parts laser cutting process and high power laser oxidation melting cutting technology. Laser oxidation melting cutting and perforation technology was studied and laser cutting process was established. Take automobile part back end plate for example, back end plate and the material is carbon steel, the CAD/CAM simulation software was used, reasonable processing parameters, cutting parameters and perforation parameters were designed. The experimental results show that laser oxidation cutting is very effective method for automobile parts of carbon steel. The laser oxidation laser cutting technical problems and carbon materials processing technology were solved and improvement measures were summarized for the high laser oxidation melting cutting.
Finite Element Contact Analysis and Life Analysis of Gears in the Double-Sided Grinding Machine
Authors: Wu Nan Xing , Cheng Fei , Liao Da Hai
Published: July 2015

The contact fatigue life of gears has direct influences on the working life of the double-sided grinding machine, in the actual using process, the contact fatigue life of gears cannot meet the requirements of working because of many factors. This paper uses the finite element software ANSYS, establishs the two-dimensional model of gears, and analyzes and calculates it, the research shows that: life expectancy of gears is 2.13 years, so gears should have carburizing or carbonitriding heat treatment to fit process requirements, gears can live up to 5.82 years, it can fit the technological requirements of gear life of 5 years. It is some practical value for increasing the working life of the double-sided grinding machine and improving the stability and accuracy of the whole machine.
The Impact Analysis of Revolute Pair Clearance to the End Pose Accuracy of Welding Robot
Authors: Zhang Fa Jun , Li Lin Zi , Lin Hui , Pu Yin Lin , Xin Zhu
Published: July 2015

Various uncertain factors affect the movement of the welding robot, thus welding gun tend to deviate from the theory of welding position which reduces the welding accuracy, of which the revolute pair clearance have an greater effect on the movement of the welding robot. In order to study the influence of revolute pair clearance to the end pose accuracy of welding robot, the mathematical model of revolute pair clearance was established, and the software SolidWorks was used for establishing the welding robot model, making simulations of the mechanical arm with joint clearance and no joint clearance. At last, the movement characteristic of the hinge shaft is attained. The simulation results showed that the shaft velocity and displacement of mechanical arm with joint clearance has a certain degree of fluctuation, which affecting the end pose accuracy of welding robot , and reducing the movement stability and the welding accuracy of welding robot.
Effects of Annealing Temperature on Resistance Switching Properties of ZnMn2O4 Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Wang Hua , Li Zhi Da , Xu Ji Wen , Zhang Yu Pei , Yang Ling
Published: July 2015

ZnMn2O4films were fabricated on p-Si substrate by magnetron sputtering. The effects of annealing temperature on microstructure, resistance switching properties and endurance characteristics of ZnMn2O4films were investigated. The ZnMn2O4films with a structure of Ag/ZnMn2O4/p-Si exhibit bipolar resistive switching behavior. The results indicated that the annealing temperature has not changed its spinel structure, the bipolar resistance behavior and endurance characteristics, but the grain become more and more large, arranged closed and distributed evenly with the increase of annealing temperature from 450°C to 750°C. The ZnMn2O4films annealed at 600°C have the biggestRHRS/RLRSratio, the lowestVONandVOFF. TheRHRS/RLRSratios of all specimens maintain at about 103after successive 1000 switching cycles, which indicated that the Ag/ZnMn2O4/p-Si device has better endurance characteristics.
A Short Review of Parabolic Trough Technology and the Case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Mohammed Mumtaz A.
Published: July 2015

One of the most matured solar thermal technology commercially been used today is the solar parabolic trough power plants. With many challenges for solar photovoltaic technology to improve beyond its current efficiency levels, solar thermal technology is getting importance. A parabolic trough power plant works on an average temperature of about 400 °C. Although, there are some recent advances to increase the working temperature, power plants are not completely equipped in other parts of the system to handle such high temperatures. Hence, there is an imbalance in the achievements reached in different research areas of this technology. This article focus on this technology from its birth to current market competitions, including an overview of recent research advancements.
On the Structure of Atomic Clusters: Selection of Calculation Methods to Match Mass Spectra
Authors: Dmytruk Andriy
Published: July 2015

Studying atomic clusters, their chemical composition can be find by time-of-flight mass spectroscopy even for a miserable quantity of the sample, while their structure determination requires either their production in enough quantity that can be problematic for new substances, or usage of quantum chemical calculations otherwise. However, the result of the calculations depends on the method used. It is suggested in this report to use a correlation between the abundances of the clusters in the mass spectrum and their calculated binding energies as a criterion for selection of an appropriate calculation method. This approach is applied for the case of (ZnO)n and (ZnS)n clusters of n = 12 and 13.
Holographic Photosensitivity Intensity Dependence of Azobenzene Molecular and Chalcogenide Glassy Films
Authors: Augustovs Peteris , Ozols Andris , Zarins Elmars , Kokars Valdis
Published: July 2015

Photosensitivity light intensity dependence of holographic grating recording in three azobenzene molecular glassy films (denoted as WE-3, ZWK-3, ZWK-2TB) and in one chalcogenide glassy film As40S15Se45(As-S-Se) has been experimentally studied in the intensity range from 0.0034 to 1.13 W/cm2at 633 nm. It is found that photosensitivity increases when recording light intensity is increased. The physical reasons are discussed and a simple mathematical model is given explaining the obtained results.
Refluxing Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanopowders from Different Zinc Salts
Authors: Wang Mao Hua , Ma Xiao Yu , Jiang Wen
Published: July 2015

In this article, ZnO nanopowders formed from different zinc salts such as acetate, nitrate and sulphate were prepared via homogeneous precipitation followed by refluxing route. Several analytic techniques such as XRD, TEM, and UV-Vis were used to make characterizations of the as-synthesized samples. The results showed that ZnO nanopowders prepared from the sulphate and nitrate salts have merely close crystalline size values, and a smaller crystalline size was obtained for the ZnO formed from acetate counter ions. The band gap of the samples synthesized with the counter ions (CH3COO-, NO3-, and SO42-) were 3.05 ± 0.02, 3.14 ± 0.02 and 3.16 ± 0.02, respectively.
The Structural and Optical Properties of Be-Doped GaAs Grown by MBE
Authors: Jia Hui Min , Tang Ji Long , Chang Liang , Fang Dan , Fang Xuan , Wang Xiao Hua , Ma Xiao Hui , Xu Li , Wei Zhi Peng
Published: July 2015

In this paper, Be-doped GaAs were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), by changing Be resource temperature, we obtained different doping concentration GaAs samples. The morphologies and electrics properties of the samples were investigated by AFM and Hall measurement. Especially, in low temperature and temperature dependent PL spectra, the Be acceptor related emission were recognized, with the doping concentration increasing, the Be acceptor related emission enhanced too.
Palladium Nanoparticles Synthesized by Bio-Templates for Suzuki Coupling Reaction
Authors: Wei Yu Hui , Wang Lan Jie , Zhao Xiu Hua , Li Chun Cao , Kong Li Xia , Zhou Xing Fei
Published: July 2015

Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) are the most widely used functional materials for a variety of catalytic reactions. In this work, we synthesized the size-controlled Pd NPs using amyloid fibrils as bio-templates. First, 1mg/ml insulin peptides were incubated at 80°Cfor 3 days to form protein fibrils. Then, layer-by-layer technology was used to prepare Pd-insulin fibrils multilayer film as catalyst by alternatively depositing insulin fibrils and palladium chloride which has been aged at several different temperatures for two days. The chemical compositions of Pd-insulin film were also characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Pd-insulin film demonstrated high isolated yield in promoting Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. In addition, the effect of Pd NPs size on the catalytic activity was also discussed.
1200 Mesh Silicon Carbide Corona Protection Varnish with Epoxy/OMMT Nano-Composite Adhesive
Authors: Hu Chun Xiu , Zhao Ying Nan , Hou Hai Bo , Zhang Xiao Hong
Published: July 2015

In this paper, a new corona protection varnish was prepared by using epoxy/montmorillonite nanocomposite and pure epoxy resin as adhesive respectively. The adhesive with different amounts of organic montmorillonite (OMMT) was mixed with 1200 mesh silicon carbide (SiC) by different weight ratios. The surface states of the varnishes with various adhesive were observed by powerful light microscope. Some properties of the varnishes were analyzed under DC, such as the relation of change in nonlinear coefficient and natural surface resistivity. The results showed that the amounts of OMMT had little effect on the natural surface resistance of the varnish but it had important influence on the nonlinear property of the varnish. When the range of the OMMT content was 2wt% to 6wt%, the nonlinear coefficient of all materials with epoxy/OMMT nanocomposite adhesive was higher than that with pure epoxy resin adhesive.
Negative Ion Release of an Anion PP Fiber Covered Colored Cotton Textile
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhuo Yu Guo
Published: July 2015

The negative ion release properties of an Anion PP fiber covered colored cotton textile were tested at different washing times and at the same time microstructures of an Anion PP fiber covered colored cotton textile yarn were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Before washing the static negative ions number of the textile was averagely 2884 per cubic centimeter and its dynamic negative ions number was 3084 per cubic centimeter on average. After washing 50 times the static and dynamic negative ions number of the textile was separately 2614 and 2398 per cubic centimeter. SEM microscopy analysis displayed that it was little that washing effect on the release of negative ion which still could meet the needs of people of anion.
Synthesis, Photoluminescence and Infrared Emissivity of SnO2 Nanocrystalline Thin Films
Authors: Yan Jun Feng , Zhang Feng Jiao , Ruan Xiong Fei , Xu Man Zhang , Zhang Zhi Yong , Zhao Wu , Yun Jiang Ni
Published: July 2015

SnO2 nanocrystalline thin films (NCTFs) with high quality and low infrared emissivity were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal process designed by orthogonal design theory. The microstructure, morphology, photoluminescence (PL) property and the infrared emissivity (IRE) property of as-prepared products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence spectrophotometer, and infrared spectroradio meter (ISM) respectively. The results show that two emission peaks are observed in PL spectra, which can be deconvoluted by Gaussian profile fitting into four emission peaks centered at about 380, 420, 460 and 520 nm respectively. The influences of crystallinity, concentration of particles and resistivity on IRE were systematically investigated, revealing that the better crystallinity, higher particle density and better conductivity are favorable for lowering IRE.
The Percolation Phenomenon and Fractal Dimension of Natural Silicates
Authors: Vasilyeva Maria A. , Gusev Yuri A. , Shtyrlin Valery G. , Osin Yury N.
Published: July 2015

Many physical effects, such asdcconductivity and percolation, depend on the morphology of the silicate structure and its relationship to adsorbed water. These effects play an important role in numerous technological applications, in geology, oil-extracting industry, and other practical fields. In this study, all the samples: natural montmorillonite, kaolinite, and сlinoptilolite with different exchangeable cations in their structures, – were stored in ambient air humidity. The investigation was carried by using two separate techniques, namely Dielectric Spectroscopy and a fractal analysis of electron micrographs. The aims of this work were to analyze the complex relaxation behavior of the relaxation process in temperature range –70°C ÷ +70°C and to determine the fractal dimensions of silicates from the dielectric response at percolation. Dielectric measurements in the frequency range of 1 Hz ÷ 1 MHz were performed using a BDS 80 Dielectric Spectrometer based on an Alpha Impedance Analyzer (Novocontrol). The micrographs were analyzed using a special Matlab based program. The analysis of aspects of the dielectric relaxation spectra related to percolation was used for the determination of the numerical characteristics of geometric heterogeneity of natural silicates. The percolation temperatures of the studied samples were determined. The percolation phenomenon in the silicates is related to the transfer of the electric excitation within the developed network of open pores due to the migration of protons and ions along the surface of connected pores on the outer surfaces of the granules. The analysis of these processes allows one to extract the fractal dimensions associated with the migration of charge carriers within the porous medium. Fractal dimensions of the silicates calculated in two ways: from dielectric spectroscopy study and from fractal analysis of the micrographs, – are in good agreement with each other. It was demonstrated that conventional method of the spatial fractal dimension determination using fractal analysis of electron micrographs leads to overestimation in the case of spatial fractal bounded by a surface fractal. The dielectric spectroscopy method is free from such overestimation.
Correlation between Thermal Parameters, Primary Dendrite Arm Spacing and Microhardness on a Directionally Solidified Ternary Al-6wt%Cu-8wt%Si Alloy
Authors: Rocha O.L. , Moreira A.L. , Costa T.A. , Filho J.M.D. , Paula S.L. , Silva Adrina P.
Published: July 2015

The objective of this paper is to present an experimental study that aimed to establish correlations between primary dendrite spacing (λ1) and microhardness of a ternary Al-6wt%Cu-8wt%Si alloy solidified under transient heat extraction, using a horizontal unidirectional water-cooled solidification device. To examine the microstructural evolution, solidification thermal parameters (growth rate and cooling rate - VLand TR, respectively) were calculated through the application of an experimental method and were then correlated with λ1using analytical power functions laws. The correlation between microstructural parameters and the measured microhardness values are presented in the forms of power and Hall-Petch types of equations. The analysis of the microstructure of the investigated alloy indicated that the increasing of TRand VLreduced the primary dendrite arm spacing, increasing the microhardness.
Mechanical Behavior of Iron Boride Formed in the Surface of an AISI W2
Authors: de la Mora-Ramírez T. , Sánchez Huerta D. , López-Perrusquia N. , Doñu Ruiz M.A. , Cerrillo-Moreno E.A. , Cortes-Suarez J.V.
Published: July 2015

The present study reports the growth of layers formed in the surface of the boride steel AISI W2; by the application of the dehydrated paste-pack boriding process and using three different temperatures at 1173, 1223 and 1273 K, with 2, 4, 6 and 8 h of exposure. The substrate and the boride Fe2B were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The growth of the boride layer Fe2B was examined using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The properties were mechanically evaluated, using a Vickers indenter with loads of 0.5 and 1 N, with a constant distance of 15 μm and 30 μm. To determine the fracture toughness (Kc) and the adherence of the boride layer Fe2B, the Rockwell C test method (VDI 3198) was used. The morphology present in the boride Fe2B layer showed a smooth flat, whit ranged thickness from 13.96 ± 1.61 μm to 79.86 ± 4.13 μm. The presence of boride Fe2B layers of steel substrate was confirmed by XRD and the distribution of alloying elements by Energy Disperses for Spectroscopy (EDS). The hardness of the boride layers Fe2B ranged from 157 9± 17 to 1875 ± 25 HV. The fracture toughness of boride Fe2B layer observed ranged from 4.15 to 4.75 MPam1/2. The boride layer has a scale delamination H3 to H6. The boride layers formed in the surface have the function to increase the service life of W2 steels used in the industry.
Effect of Heat Treatment in the Structure and Microstructure of Ti-15Zr-XMo Alloys
Authors: Correa Diego Rafael Nespeque , Kuroda Pedro Akira Bazaglia , Lourenço M.L. , Grandini Carlos Roberto
Published: July 2015

Titanium alloys present favorable properties to industry applications that depend on their composition and microstructure. Adding alloy elements and thermomechanical treatments can change the microstructure of titanium alloys. In this paper, Ti-15Zr alloys with different molybdenum quantities were prepared and hot-rolled, having been previously subjected to homogenizing heat treatment. The results showed that the microstructure of the alloys was sensible to heat treatment, in accordance with the theoretical prediction from the molecular orbital method.
Effect of Work Material’s Hardness on Cutting Performance of TiAlN- and CrAlN-Coated Cutting Tools
Authors: Koda Risa , Hiroshi Usuki , Yoshinobu Masahiro , Morishita Kana , Koseki Shuho , Inoue Kenichi , Hagino Masahiro
Published: July 2015

For better selection of coated cutting tools, TiAlN (Ti50Al50N) and CrAlN (Cr50Al50N) coatings were deposited onto ball-nose and square end mills using arc evaporation, and their cutting performances were evaluated using steel workpieces of various hardnesses. In particular, cutting tests were performed on three types of workpieces, made from S50C, SKD61, and SKD11 steels, having Brinell hardness numbers of HB220, HRC40, and HRC60, respectively. The results of the cutting experiments were elucidated and discussed in terms of the mechanical properties and anti-oxidation resistances of the different coatings. The results revealed that TiAlN-coated square end mills at high cutting speeds (V = 200 m/min ) had superior performance when used on steels with high hardness (SKD11), whereas CrAlN-coated ball-nose end mills were superior when used on low hardness steel (S50C). Therefore, CrAlN-coated ball-nose end mills are concluded to be suitable for the machining of low hardness steels, whereas TiAlN-coated square end mills are preferable for the machining of high hardness steels (SKD11).
Energy Loss and the Choice of Damper of Torsional Vibration Combustion Engines
Authors: Zawisza Maciej
Published: July 2015

The crankshaft is exposed to numerous external extortions which generate bending, axial and torsional vibrations. Torsional vibrations are especially dangerous for a safe operation. They are generated by strongly dynamic loads, which come from the combustion processes of fuel-air mixture in cylinders and from the elements of drive system, and engine accessories. Until recently this problem concerned mainly the engines of high power, where dynamic effects generated the vibrations with amplitudes exceeding the limit values, which in effect led to failure of the engine. Crankshafts also significantly increased their torsional elasticity because of the common trend of reducing the engine mass. It resulted in the necessity of using the elements reducing the amplitude of torsional vibrations of the shaft. Rubber torsional vibration dampers are commonly used for this purpose. The author observed that while choosing torsional vibration dampers, the producers concentrated only on the criterion of reducing the amplitude of torsional vibrations below limit values. They forgot that the optimization criterion can be expanded in such a way so that a better effect can be obtained. What is more, safe and economical operation of the engine could be provided.
A Visualization Tool for Calculating the Genetic Substitution Patterns between Two Different Groups
Authors: Ahn Insung , Jang Jin-Hwa , Kim Ha-Yeon , Lee Ji-Hae , Son Hyeon Seok
Published: July 2015

We developed simulation tool for influenza virus variation (SimFluVar), an analytics software for calculating genomic variation among members of the influenza virus group. This study is related to computational evolutionary biology and evolutionary bioinformatics. SimFluVar is an analytical tool that can be used to calculate codon substitution patterns of viral genes. Designed to compare a large number of nucleotide sequences, SimFluVar provides precise patterns of codon variations between two viral groups, especially for the influenza virus. SimFluVar also provides useful functions, such as editing and visualization of the result matrix. This new tool can be used to analyze codon variation patterns over time as well as to analyze the genomic differences between viruses obtained from different geographical locations. SimFluVar is developed in C++, and Java RCP is used as a distribution package. SimFluVar, including the associated documentation, manuals, and examples, is publicly available at http://lcbb.snu.ac.kr/simfluvar .
TEORETSKI IN METODOLOŠKI PROBLEMI EVALVACIJE POLITIKE IZOBRAŽEVANJA ODRASLIH (Ocena doktorskega dela Simone Šinko)
Authors: Kump Sonja
Published: July 2015

Z doktorsko disertacijo Simone Šinko je andragoška stroka dobila poglobljeno razpravo za premislek o vrednotenju politike izobraževanja odraslih in hkrati pomemben prispevek k razvoju stroke. Disertacija »Teoretski in metodološki problemi evalvacije politike izobraževanja odraslih« izhaja iz teze, da »lahko evalvacija politike izobraževanja odraslih pomembno prispeva k povečanju demokratičnosti oblikovanja in izvajanja politike izobraževanja odraslih«.
Klavirska dela Františka Josefa Benedikta Dusíka
Authors: Barbo Matjaž
Published: July 2015

Dusík se nam v klavirskih skladbah kaže kot spreten skladatelj in briljanten pianist. Strukturna jasnost in fantazijska sproščenost, dramatična ekspresivnost, pianistična eruptivnost obsežnih cod in vsebinska zaokrožitev večstavčnega ciklusa izkazujejo odlično poznavanje sodobnega kompozicijskega stavka ter pričajo o njegovi estetski prepričljivosti.
Glasba antike v estetski misli Eduarda Hanslicka
Authors: Snoj Jurij
Published: July 2015

V  svojem vplivnem delu O glasbeno lepem je Eduard Hanslick prišel do zaključka, da antični svet ni poznal glasbe v pravem pomenu besede. V Hanslickovi misli so bile za vsako glasbeno delo bistvene njegove »s tonskim gibanjem nastale oblike«. Analiza ustreznih mest v korpusu Platonovih del kaže, da antična filozofija glasbe ni poznala nič ustreznega navedenemu Hanslickovemu pojmu, pač pa je sodila primerke glasbe po povsem drugih kvalitetah.
Characterization in the Operas of Penderecki
Authors: O’Loughlin Niall
Published: July 2015

Characterization in the four operas of Krzystof Penderecki is well developed. It includes specified melodic intervals for characters, distorted vocal lines, the use of coloratura singing and various forms of chanting and speaking.
Reducción del número de estabilidad de diseño en elementos premoldeados monocapa para condiciones singulares de proyecto en obras de abrigo de talud tendido
Authors: Donini Hugo Juan , Del Valle Ricardo Horacio
Published: July 2015

El cálculo de las obras de abrigo con elementos de hormigón monocapa se basa en la aplicación de coeficientes de diseño obtenidos en ensayos de laboratorio, primordialmente bidimensionales y bajo condiciones controladas. Con la experiencia de más de 30 años obtenida en el mundo, es importante contrastar los valores de los números de estabilidad usados en el diseño con aquellos que resultan en las obras de abrigo ya construidas. En la presente publicación, se actualizan e incrementan los datos recabados respecto de publicaciones anteriores, desarrollándose un análisis de situaciones particulares en las que se reducen los coeficientes de estabilidad de la coraza. También se efectúa una serie de recomendaciones referidas al diseño con elementos AccropodeÒ y Core-LocTM. Asimismo, se extraen conclusiones referidas a los incrementos obtenidos en el volumen y la reducción en el número de bloques necesarios para los diferentes números de estabilidad propuestos.
Evaluation of technological improvements in bundling units for the collection of eucalyptus logging residues on steep terrain in Spain
Authors: Sánchez-García Sandra , Eliasson Lars , Tolosana Eduardo , Majada Juan , Canga Elena
Published: July 2015

Aim of the study: The objective of this study was to evaluate recent technological improvements to forest bundlers: a new cutting device with shears and a mechanism which allows the bundling pressure to be changed by the driver.Area of study: eucalyptus plantations in Northern Spain.Material and Methods: Several time studies were performed in order to compare and calculate productivity depending on the machine: John Deere bundler working with the traditional chainsaw and Monra bundler equipped with the technological improvements of shears and adjustable bundling pressure.Research highlights: Significant differences were found between cutting devices (shears and chainsaw) and between the Monra working at maximum pressure and at lower pressure. Shears were shown to be a more robust and reliable cutting device, with 1.02 cutting attempts per bundle compared to 1.55 with chain saw. The use of shears made the loading more efficient as it eliminates the need to shake the residues before feeding the bundler. A great advantage of this technological improvement is that it can be incorporated into other machines and thus improve bundling efficiency.In spite of this, working at standard bundling pressure, the productivity of the Monra bundler is only 3.2 per cent higher than that of the John Deere due to the fact that in the latter bundling is faster and it produces bundles with significantly more dry mass.For the Monra bundler, the option of producing lighter bundles further reduced productivity compared to when standard weight bundles are produced.  However, it would be of interest to study the effect of the machine working at various pressures in order to optimize the work system. It is possible that working at higher pressures would have advantages in terms of increasing transport efficiency.Keywords: bundler; time study; shear; cutting device; slash collection; forest biomass.
Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis of a Cable-Climbing Robot
Authors: Fengyu Xu , Jingjin Shen , GuoPing Jiang
Published: July 2015

To inspect broken cables or a cracked protective layer on cable-stayed bridges, a cable-climbing robot has been proposed and designed. In this paper, the complex 3D obstacles that may be encountered on cables are theoretically described, in order to investigate the obstacle-climbing capability of the cable-climbing robot. A climbing model is then proposed and used to design the robot. In the climbing model, two driven wheels are independently supported with a spring. Kinematics and dynamics models are further derived for the obstacle-climbing capabilities of the driving and driven wheels of the robot. In addition, the robot's obstacle-climbing tracks and its obstacle-climbing performance are simulated. Payload and obstacle-climbing experiments were conducted on the climbing robot in the laboratory. Based on the results of the simulation and the experiments, we obtained the variation of the driving torque in obstacle climbing. The contribution of this paper is intended to provide a basis for the precise motion control of the robot.
Point Stabilization for an Underactuated AUV in the Presence of Ocean Currents
Authors: Dong Zaopeng , Wan Lei , Li Yueming , Liu Tao , Zhuang Jiayuan , Zhang Guocheng
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a state-feedback-based backstepping control algorithm to address the point stabilization (or set-point regulation) control problem for an underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in the presence of constant and irrotational ocean current disturbance. A nonlinear three degree of freedom dynamic model in the horizontal plane for an AUV without symmetry fore/aft is considered. The expression of the relationship between the desired heading angle of the AUV and direction angle of the ocean current, which is a necessary condition for precise point stabilization control of an underactuated AUV in the presence of ocean current disturbance is firstly discussed in this paper. The proposed backstepping control law for point stabilization has further been enriched by incorporating an additional integral action for enhancing the steady state performance of the AUV control system, while practical asymptotic stability analysis of the system is carried out using Lyapunov theory and Barbalat's Lemma. Simulation experiments of an underactuated AUV verify the theorem proposed and demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller.
Impacto das mudanças climáticas na produtividade do eucalipto na região norte do Espírito Santo e sul da Bahia.
Authors: Baesso Raquel Couto Evangelista , Ribeiro Aristides , Silva Mariano Pereira
Published: July 2015

Cenários de mudanças climáticas associados a modelos de crescimento baseados em processos podem ser úteis para identificar os riscos da produtividade futura de florestas plantadas, podendo ser utilizados para mitigar os impactos das mudanças climáticas e avaliar meios de adaptação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os impactos das mudanças climáticas na produtividade futura do eucalipto na região norte do Espírito Santo e sul da Bahia. Os dados de entrada de clima utilizados no modelo de crescimento 3-PG foram dois cenários de mudanças climáticas (A2 e B2) do modelo global CCSR/NIES, para três períodos futuros: 2011-2040, 2041-2070 e 2071-2100. As mudanças futuras no clima provocaram decréscimos na produtividade de eucalipto, chegando apresentar uma redução de até 40% no cenário A2 para o período de 2071-2100 e 24% para o cenário B2. Apesar dos modelos globais convergirem para uma tendência de aumento da temperatura, há ainda incerteza com relação às possíveis mudanças na precipitação e quanto às modificações na frequência de extremos climáticos, não sendo possível prever a verdadeira magnitude das perdas de produtividade do eucalipto.
Modelos de calibração e a espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo para predição das propriedades químicas e da densidade básica da madeira de Eucalyptus.
Authors: Viana Lívia Cássia , Trugilho Paulo Fernando , Hein Paulo Ricardo Gherardi , Silva José Reinaldo Moreira da , Lima José Tarcísio
Published: July 2015

A espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIRS) surge no campo das ciências florestais como método não destrutivo, rápido e preciso capaz de predizer propriedades tecnológicas da madeira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar a técnica NIRS para desenvolvimento de modelos de calibração para estimar as propriedades químicas e a densidade básica da madeira de Eucalyptus. Foram utilizados clones de Eucalyptus de três anos de idade, provenientes de plantios comerciais nas localidades de Cocais, Guanhães, Rio Doce-Ipaba e Santa Bárbara, estado de Minas Gerais. As propriedades químicas da madeira e a densidade básica das árvores foram determinadas por metodologia tradicional e correlacionadas com as leituras espectrais por meio da regressão dos mínimos quadrados parciais. As calibrações para estimar a densidade básica da madeira apresentaram coeficientes de correlação em validação cruzada (Rcv) variando de 0,56 a 0,97 e relação de desempenho do desvio (RPD) entre 1,1 e 4,7. Os modelos desenvolvidos para estimar o teor de xilanas e glicanas apresentaram Rcv variando de 0,39 a 0,88 e RPD de 1,1 a 2,1. Para o teor de celulose, lignina e extrativos os modelos de calibração apresentaram Rcv entre 0,10 e 0,87 e valores de RPD entre 0,9 e 2,0. A calibração para predição da relação S/G que apresentou o melhor ajuste (Rcv = 0,90 e RPD = 2,3) foi a que representa as árvores amostradas em Rio Doce. Os modelos de calibração desenvolvidos por meio da espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo mostraram-se eficientes para a densidade básica e propriedades químicas da madeira de clones de Eucalyptus.
Capim-colonião e seus efeitos sobre o crescimento inicial de clones de Eucalyptus × urograndis
Authors: Cruz Michelle Barbeiro da , Alves Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar , Karam Décio , Ferraudo Antônio Sérgio
Published: July 2015

Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da convivência de capim-colonião sobre o crescimento inicial de plantas de clones de eucalipto. Foram instalados dois ensaios com mudas de clones de eucalipto e de capim-colonião, que cresceram em parcelas delimitadas lateralmente por paredes de alvenaria preenchidas com terra. O primeiro ensaio obedeceu ao delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, e tratamentos em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (cinco clones de eucalipto, e a ausência ou presença de duas plantas de capim-colonião plantadas a 10 cm da muda de eucalipto). O segundo ensaio foi semelhante ao primeiro, porém, com apenas três clones de eucalipto, cinco repetições, e tratamentos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (três clones de eucalipto e a ausência ou presença de capim-colonião). Os clones de eucalipto não afetaram de modo diferenciado o crescimento de capim-colonião, sendo que aqueles que conviveram com a planta daninha não apresentaram diferença no seu desenvolvimento, igualando-os quando sob competição. As características dos clones de eucalipto mais sensíveis à convivência com capim-colonião foram: área foliar, matéria seca de folhas e caule. O clone 3 foi o que se mostrou mais sensível à convivência com capim-colonião e o clone 1 mais tolerante, porém todos os clones estudados tiveram influência negativa da convivência com capim-colonião.
Relação de variáveis meteorológicas com o crescimento das árvores de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze em povoamentos implantados
Authors: Zanon Magda Lea Bolzan , Finger César Augusto Guimarães
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho foi realizado na Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, RS, e teve como objetivo avaliar a periodicidade do crescimento das árvores de Araucaria angustifolia, correlacionando-a com variáveis meteorológicas. O comportamento do crescimento foi obtido partindo do acompanhamento quinzenal de periodicidade por meio da instalação de cintas dendrométricas à altura do peito de 48 árvores femininas e 48 árvores masculinas, avaliadas durante o período de agosto de 2003 a agosto de 2006. Os resultados deste trabalho permitiram concluir que o início do crescimento anual em diâmetro das árvores ocorre em setembro, tendo seu pico no mês de janeiro, começando a decrescer a partir de março. As variáveis meteorológicas, como temperatura e precipitação, estão diretamente correlacionadas com o incremento. O aumento da temperatura e da precipitação influi positivamente no incremento e a ocorrência de precipitação acompanhada de temperaturas baixas reduz o crescimento em diâmetro.
Avaliação tecnológica de painéis MDF de madeira de Eucalyptus grandis  confeccionados em laboratório e em linha de produção industrial
Authors: Belini Ugo Leandro , Tomazello Filho Mario
Published: July 2015

Chapas MDF de fibras da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis foram confeccionadas em laboratório e em linha de produção industrial e determinadas suas propriedades anatômicas, físicas e mecânicas. O desfibramento da madeira provocou o rompimento transversal da parede das fibras. Os painéis MDF obtidos em linha de produção apresentaram menores valores de inchamento e de absorção e melhores propriedades mecânicas para módulo de ruptura, módulo de elasticidade e resistência à tração superficial. Para os painéis MDF confeccionados em laboratório, verificou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre módulo de ruptura e de elasticidade, densidade média e resistência à tração perpendicular e inchamento e absorção. Para os painéis MDF confeccionados em linha de produção industrial, verificaram-se as mesmas tendências, sem significância estatística. A avaliação dos parâmetros de qualidade de painéis MDF de eucalipto confeccionados em laboratório e em linha de produção visa a calibrar as variáveis para a obtenção de chapas MDF em pequena escala e melhorar a precisão das análises de rotina de controle de qualidade bem como nas informações apresentadas em publicações científicas.