bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Hepcidin in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Authors: Słomka Artur , Pokrzywa Anna , Strzała Dominika , Kubiaczyk Maja , Wesolowska Oliwia , Denkiewicz Kinga , Styczyński Jan
Published: January 2024

Iron overload emerges as a serious complication in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), particularly associated with frequent transfusions during the course of the disease. The discovery and description of hepcidin’s mechanisms of action have contributed to a deeper understanding of iron metabolism. The existing literature reports a potential role of hepcidin in MDS, yet these data are fragmented and presented in an unstructured, somewhat chaotic manner. Hence, to address the existing data, we performed a systematic review of observational studies examining hepcidin levels in MDS. An extensive review of three bibliographic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus) enabled us to identify 12 observational studies. These studies focused primarily on adult patients with low-risk MDS who underwent transfusions and chelation therapy. An in-depth analysis of these manuscripts led to four main conclusions: (1) although high serum hepcidin levels are associated with MDS, most studies generally have not found a significant difference in these levels between patients and healthy individuals; (2) serum hepcidin levels are specific to MDS type; (3) serum hepcidin levels in MDS are strongly associated with transfusions and the genetic status of patients; and (4) high-risk MDS is associated with high serum hepcidin levels. While we have furnished a comprehensive summary of the significance of hepcidin in MDS, there are still gaps that future research should address. This pertains primarily to the capacity of hepcidin in predicting adverse outcomes for MDS patients and evaluating the efficacy of chelation therapy or the need for transfusion.
Challenges in the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Mastocytosis
Authors: Brockow Knut , Bent Rebekka Karolin , Schneider Simon , Spies Sophie , Kranen Katja , Hindelang Benedikt , Kurgyis Zsuzsanna , Broesby-Olsen Sigurd , Biedermann Tilo , Grattan Clive E.
Published: January 2024

Background: Mastocytosis is characterized by an accumulation of clonal mast cells (MCs) in tissues such as the skin. Skin lesions in mastocytosis may be clinically subtle or heterogeneous, and giving the correct diagnosis can be difficult. Methods: This study compiles personal experiences together with relevant literature, discussing possible obstacles encountered in diagnosing skin involvement in mastocytosis and cutaneous mastocytosis (CM). Results: The nomenclature of the term “CM” is ambiguous. The WHO classification defines CM as mastocytosis solely present in the skin. However, the term is also used as a morphological description, e.g., in maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis (MPCM). This is often seen in systemic, as well as cutaneous, mastocytosis. Typical CM manifestations (MPCM), including mastocytoma or diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis (DCM), all share a positive Darier’s sign, and can thus be clinically recognized. Nevertheless, distinguishing monomorphic versus polymorphic MPCM may be challenging, even for experienced dermatologists. Less typical clinical presentations, such as MPCM with telangiectatic erythemas (formerly called telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans), confluent, nodular or xanthelasmoid variants may require a skin biopsy for histopathological confirmation. Because MC numbers in CM have a large overlap to those in healthy and inflamed skin, detailed histopathological criteria to diagnose mastocytosis in MPCM are needed and have been proposed. D816V KIT mutational analysis in tissue is helpful for confirming the diagnosis. Biomarkers allow the prediction of the course of CM into regression or evolution of the disease. Further diagnostic measures should screen for concomitant diseases, such as malignant melanoma, and for systemic involvement. Conclusions: Whereas in typical cases the diagnosis of CM may be uncomplicated, less typical manifestations may require specific investigations for making the diagnosis and predicting its course.
Percutaneous Computed Tomography (CT) Fluoroscopy-Guided Biopsy of the Spleen Using Fibrin Glue as a Sealant
Authors: Segger Laura , Lerchbaumer Markus Herbert , Collettini Federico , Hamm Bernd , Fleckenstein Florian Nima , Fehrenbach Uli , Gebauer Bernhard , Auer Timo A.
Published: January 2024

Some authors consider the risk of bleeding an absolute contraindication to percutaneous image-guided splenic puncture. While splenic punctures are mainly performed at specialized centers, no technique for the closure of the puncture tract has been broadly established. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a percutaneous image-guided biopsy of the spleen using fibrin glue to plug the tract. A total of 27 requests for splenic image-guided interventions were identified between 2010 and 2021 and considered for inclusion in our retrospective single-center study. Seven patients needed to be excluded, which left twenty patients who underwent a percutaneous computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided biopsy of a splenic lesion during this period. In all patients, a 17G coaxial needle with an 18G core biopsy needle was used. Diagnostic adequacy and accuracy were evaluated, and complications were classified using the CIRSE classification system for adverse events. Diagnostic adequacy was 100% (20/20), and a median of four samples were collected. Diagnostic accuracy was 80% (16/20). The four off-target samples included one inconclusive finding and three samples of regular spleen tissue. The overall complication rate was 5% (1/20). No mild (grade 1–2) or moderate (grade 3–4) complications occurred. One severe (grade 5–6) complication occurred. Although controversial and potentially high-risk, diagnostic percutaneous biopsies of the spleen appear to be relatively safe with the use of fibrin glue to seal the tract.
A Gibbs Posterior Framework for Fair Clustering
Authors: Chakraborty Abhisek , Bhattacharya Anirban , Pati Debdeep
Published: January 2024

The rise of machine learning-driven decision-making has sparked a growing emphasis on algorithmic fairness. Within the realm of clustering, the notion of balance is utilized as a criterion for attaining fairness, which characterizes a clustering mechanism as fair when the resulting clusters maintain a consistent proportion of observations representing individuals from distinct groups delineated by protected attributes. Building on this idea, the literature has rapidly incorporated a myriad of extensions, devising fair versions of the existing frequentist clustering algorithms, e.g., k-means, k-medioids, etc., that aim at minimizing specific loss functions. These approaches lack uncertainty quantification associated with the optimal clustering configuration and only provide clustering boundaries without quantifying the probabilities associated with each observation belonging to the different clusters. In this article, we intend to offer a novel probabilistic formulation of the fair clustering problem that facilitates valid uncertainty quantification even under mild model misspecifications, without incurring substantial computational overhead. Mixture model-based fair clustering frameworks facilitate automatic uncertainty quantification, but tend to showcase brittleness under model misspecification and involve significant computational challenges. To circumnavigate such issues, we propose a generalized Bayesian fair clustering framework that inherently enjoys decision-theoretic interpretation. Moreover, we devise efficient computational algorithms that crucially leverage techniques from the existing literature on optimal transport and clustering based on loss functions. The gain from the proposed technology is showcased via numerical experiments and real data examples.
Learning Sciences from the Past: Recovery, Study, and Cataloging of a Historical Natural History School Museum
Authors: Franza Annarita , Pratesi Giovanni
Published: January 2024

School–museum partnerships have gained considerable attention in the academic literature in recent decades. However, their role in enhancing science education is still an under-researched topic. This work reports on the outcomes of the recovery, study, cataloging, and valorization of the 18th century geo-mineralogical collection belonging to the Collegio Nazareno, now housed at the Istituto San Giuseppe Calasanzio in Rome. The project, which was participated in by the students enrolled in the fourth- and fifth-grade high school classes, revealed rare specimens such as the mineralogical collection donated by the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II (1741–1740) in 1785. Furthermore, the laboratory activities organized from the stored samples highlighted educational approaches that helped students to cope with the complexities of authentic scientific work and cultural related issues. This work thus offers significant insights into the importance of natural history school museums as useful (and oft-forgotten) learning tools in science education.
Innovative Industrial Solutions for Improving the Technical/Economic Competitiveness of Concentrated Solar Power
Authors: Palladino Valeria , Di Somma Marialaura , Cancro Carmine , Gaggioli Walter , De Lucia Maurizio , D’Auria Marco , Lanchi Michela , Bassetti Fulvio , Bevilacqua Carla , Cardamone Stefano , Nana Francesca , Montagnino Fabio Maria , Graditi Giorgio
Published: January 2024

The modernization, efficiency, and decarbonization of the energy supply systems are among the new challenges to be faced in the coming decades to achieve the targets and objectives dictated by European strategic policies. Despite the countless benefits related to renewable energy sources (RES) integration, this brings key challenges to the power system, such as the risk of imbalance between energy generation and demand, sudden changes in flows in transmission lines with a need for expensive and time-consuming upgrades, and the withdrawal of conventional generation systems with consequent demands for new solutions and innovation to support grid services. A potential solution to limit the huge intermittence and fluctuation in power generation from RES is Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology integrated with thermal energy storage. The aim of this paper is to discuss the potential benefits related to the use of CSP technology by presenting innovative industrial solutions developed in the Italian SOLARGRID Project, namely the hybridization of CSP–PV systems and the solar thermo-electric system developed by MAGALDI, the parabolic trough collector of Eni, and the new linear Fresnel reflector configuration of IDEA S.r.l. These plant and component solutions are developed for improving the technical performance of CSP technology and reducing the levelized cost of electricity, thereby fostering an effective and massive deployment and encouraging the creation of new business models.
Classification Algorithm for DC Power Quality Disturbances Based on SABO-BP
Authors: Duan Xiaomeng , Cen Wei , He Peidong , Zhao Sixiang , Li Qi , Xu Suan , Geng Ailing , Duan Yongxian
Published: January 2024

To better address and improve the issues related to DC power quality, this paper proposes an identification method tailored for DC power quality disturbances. First, it explores the underlying mechanisms and waveform characteristics of common DC power disturbances. By integrating the results of time–frequency analysis obtained through the S-transform, five distinct features are designed and extracted to serve as classification indicators. The SABO algorithm is subsequently employed to optimize the BP neural network, assisting in determining the optimal input weights and hidden layer thresholds. This optimization technique helps prevent the network from becoming stuck in local minima, thereby enhancing its robustness and generalization capabilities. This paper presents a simulation system for AC/DC power systems to conduct experimental verification. The system simulates various DC power quality issues and monitors abnormal waveforms. According to the designated classification index, the features of simulated disturbance signals are extracted. The SABO-BP classification prediction model is then used to automatically classify and identify the samples. The experimental results demonstrate high accuracy in classification and identification using the proposed method. In comparison to the BP neural network method, the SABO-BP method demonstrates an 8.207% improvement in accurately identifying disturbance signals. It is capable of accurately identifying direct current power quality signals, thereby assisting in the evaluation and control of power quality issues.
Experimental Evaluation of a 2 kW/100 kHz DC–DC Bidirectional Converter Based on a Cuk Converter Using a Voltage-Doubler Concept
Authors: Lopes Wanderson Francisco , Martins Mário Lúcio da Silva , Converti Attilio , Siqueira Hugo Valadares , Illa Font Carlos Henrique
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of steady-state operation, control-oriented modeling for voltage control, and the experimental results of a DC–DC bidirectional converter based on a Cuk converter using a voltage-doubler concept. Due to the voltage-doubler concept, the voltage stress across semiconductors is reduced when compared with the conventional Cuk converter; this allows for the use of semiconductors with reduced drain–source on-resistance. Moreover, due to the input and output current source characteristics, the converter presents advantages, such as draining/injecting currents on both sides with low-ripple currents. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis is verified by experimental results obtained from a proof-of-concept prototype designed with a 250 V input voltage, a 360 V output voltage, 2 kW rated power, and 100 kHz switching frequency.
Maximizing Biogas Yield Using an Optimized Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Mukasine Angelique , Sibomana Louis , Jayavel Kayalvizhi , Nkurikiyeyezu Kizito , Hitimana Eric
Published: January 2024

Biogas is a renewable energy source that comes from biological waste. In the biogas generation process, various factors such as feedstock composition, digester volume, and environmental conditions are vital in ensuring promising production. Accurate prediction of biogas yield is crucial for improving biogas operation and increasing energy yield. The purpose of this research was to propose a novel approach to improve the accuracy in predicting biogas yield using the stacking ensemble machine learning approach. This approach integrates three machine learning algorithms: light gradient-boosting machine (LightGBM), categorical boosting (CatBoost), and an evolutionary strategy to attain high performance and accuracy. The proposed model was tested on environmental data collected from biogas production facilities. It employs optimum parameter selection and stacking ensembles and showed better accuracy and variability. A comparative analysis of the proposed model with others such as k-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), and decision tree (DT) was performed. The study’s findings demonstrated that the proposed model outperformed the existing models, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.004 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0024 for the accuracy metrics. In conclusion, an accurate predictive model cooperating with a fermentation control system can significantly increase biogas yield. The proposed approach stands as a pivotal step toward meeting the escalating global energy demands.
CO2-Free Hydrogen Production by Methane Pyrolysis Utilizing a Portion of the Produced Hydrogen for Combustion
Authors: Uehara Takuma , Asahara Makoto , Miyasaka Takeshi
Published: January 2024

Air pollutants such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted by the combustion of fossil fuels have become the subject of increasing concern. Hydrogen has accordingly emerged as a promising low-emission alternative energy source. Among the various methods for hydrogen production, methane pyrolysis, which produces hydrogen without emitting carbon dioxide, has gained substantial attention. This study evaluated the self-sustainability of a new hydrogen production system based on methane pyrolysis, in which a portion of the hydrogen produced is used as combustion fuel rather than relying on catalysts and electrical heating. Coupled heat transfer and one-dimensional reaction simulations employing two plug-flow reactors of a counterflow double-pipe heat exchanger were conducted to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed system, as well as the influence of flow conditions on hydrogen production. The results confirmed system viability, informed the estimation of hydrogen production rates, and provided methane conversion rate data emphasizing the critical role of low-flow conditions and residence time in system efficiency. Additionally, the production of carbon constituted a significant aspect of system efficiency. These findings indicate that the proposed system can produce environmentally friendly hydrogen, contributing to its potential utilization as a sustainable energy source.
Towards High-Performance Linear Potential Flow BEM Solver with Low-Rank Compressions
Authors: Ancellin Matthieu , Marchand Pierre , Dias Frédéric
Published: January 2024

The interaction of water waves with floating bodies can be modeled with linear potential flow theory and numerically solved with the boundary element method (BEM). This method requires the construction of dense matrices and the resolution of the corresponding linear systems. The cost of this method in terms of time and memory grows at least quadratically with the size of the mesh, and the resolution of large problems (such as large farms of wave energy converters) can, thus, be very costly. Approximating some blocks of the matrix with data-sparse matrices can limit this cost. While matrix compression with low-rank blocks has become a standard tool in the larger BEM community, the present paper provides its first application (to our knowledge) to linear potential flows. In this paper, we assess how efficiently low-rank blocks can approximate interaction matrices between distant meshes when using the Green function of linear potential flow. Due to the complexity of this Green function, a theoretical study is difficult, and numerical experiments are used to test the approximation method. Typical results on large arrays of floating bodies show that 99% of the accuracy can be reached with 10% of the coefficients of the matrix.
Toward Wireless Smart Grid Communications: An Evaluation of Protocol Latencies in an Open-Source 5G Testbed
Authors: Boeding Matthew , Scalise Paul , Hempel Michael , Sharif Hamid , Lopez Juan
Published: January 2024

Fifth-generation networks promise wide availability of wireless communication with inherent security features. The 5G standards also outline access for different applications requiring low latency, machine-to-machine communication, or mobile broadband. These networks can be advantageous to numerous applications that require widespread and diverse communications. One such application is found in smart grids. Smart grid networks, and Operational Technology (OT) networks in general, utilize a variety of communication protocols for low-latency control, data monitoring, and reporting at every level. Transitioning these network communications from wired Wide Area Networks (WANs) to wireless communication through 5G can provide additional benefits to their security and network configurability. However, introducing these wireless capabilities may also result in a degradation of network latency. In this paper, we propose utilizing 5G for smart grid communications, and we evaluate the latency impacts of encapsulating GOOSE, Modbus, and DNP3 for transmission over a 5G network. The OpenAirInterface open-source library is utilized to deploy an in-lab 5G Core Network and gNB for testing with off-the-shelf User Equipment (UE). This creates an effective 5G test platform for experimenting with different OT protocols such as GOOSE. The results are validated by measuring two different Intelligent Electronic Devices’ contact closure times for each network configuration. These tests are also conducted for varying packet sizes in order to isolate different sources of network latency. Our study outlines the latency impact of communication over 5G for time-critical and non-critical applications regarding their transition toward private 5G-based OT network implementations. The conducted experiments illustrate that in the case of GOOSE packets, simple encapsulation may exceed the protocol’s time-critical nature, and, therefore, additional measures must be taken to ensure a viable transition of GOOSE to 5G services. However, non-critical applications are shown to be viable for migration to 5G.
Hydrogen Storage Potential in Natural Gas Deposits in the Polish Lowlands
Authors: Uliasz-Misiak Barbara , Lewandowska-Śmierzchalska Joanna , Matuła Rafał
Published: January 2024

In the future, the development of a zero-carbon economy will require large-scale hydrogen storage. This article addresses hydrogen storage capacities, a critical issue for large-scale hydrogen storage in geological structures. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology to evaluate the potential for hydrogen storage in depleted natural gas reservoirs and estimate the capacity and energy of stored hydrogen. The estimates took into account the recoverable reserves of the reservoirs, hydrogen parameters under reservoir conditions, and reservoir parameters of selected natural gas reservoirs. The theoretical and practical storage capacities were assessed in the depleted natural gas fields of N and NW Poland. Estimates based on the proposed methodology indicate that the average hydrogen storage potential for the studied natural gas fields ranges from 0.01 to 42.4 TWh of the hydrogen energy equivalent. Four groups of reservoirs were distinguished, which differed in recovery factor and technical hydrogen storage capacity. The issues presented in the article are of interest to countries considering large-scale hydrogen storage, geological research organizations, and companies generating electricity from renewable energy sources.
Variations in Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Kalidium foliatum Leaves and Roots in Two Saline Habitats in Desert Region
Authors: Jiang Lamei , Wu Deyan , Li Wenjing , Liu Yuehan , Li Eryang , Li Xiaotong , Yang Guang , He Xuemin
Published: January 2024

Salt stress is a key environmental factor that has adverse effects on plant growth and development. High salinity induces a series of structural and functional changes in the morphological and anatomical features. The physiological and biochemical changes in K. foliatum in response to salt stress in natural environments are still unclear. Based on this, this study compared and analyzed the differences in the physiological and biochemical indicators between the leaf and root tissues in high-salt and low-salt habitats, selecting K. foliatum as the research object. The results showed that the chlorophyll contents in the leaves of K. foliatum decreased in the high-salt habitat, while the thicknesses of the upper and lower epidermises, as well as the thicknesses of the palisade tissue, significantly increased. The high-salt environment led to decreases in the N and P contents in the leaves and root tissues of K. foliatum, resulting in changes in the stoichiometric ratio of elements. The concentrations of C, N, and P in the roots of K. foliatum were lower than those in the leaves. The accumulation of Na+ in the K. foliatum roots was greater than that in the leaves, and the roots could promote the transport of sodium ions to the leaves. The contents of starch and soluble sugar in the leaves showed higher proportions in the high-salt habitat than in the low-salt habitat, while the changes in the roots and leaves were the opposite. As the salt content increased, the proline contents in the leaves and roots of K. foliatum significantly increased, and the proline contents in the roots of K. foliatum were lower than those in the leaves. The leaves and roots exhibited higher levels of peroxidase and superoxide enzymes in the high-salinity habitat than in the low-salinity habitat. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the K. foliatum leaves and catalase (CAT) activity of the roots were the “central traits” in the high-salt habitat. In the low-salt habitat, the leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) and root C/N were the central traits of the leaves and roots, indicating that K. foliatum adapts to changes in salt environments in different ways.
Determination of the Static Bending Properties of Green Beech and Oak Wood by the Frequency Resonance Technique
Authors: Nop Patrik , Cristini Valentino , Zlámal Jan , Vand Mojtaba Hassan , Šeda Vít , Tippner Jan
Published: January 2024

This article discusses the non-destructive evaluation of the mechanical properties of green wood. To estimate the dynamic flexural modulus of elasticity (MOED), a non-destructive test (NDT) method—the frequency resonance technique (FRT)—was used. A three-point bending test was carried out to determine the static bending properties as the bending modulus of elasticity (MOE), the modulus of rupture (MOR), and bending toughness (Aw). This article presents the results of a study comparing the correlations between the dynamic and static bending parameters of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.) wood, which was further divided into heartwood and sapwood. These species were chosen as the most widespread representatives of diffuse-porous and ring-porous hardwoods. This study found statistically significant differences in most mechanical parameters between the two species, except for MOR. Among the investigated parameters, beech had higher values than oak (by 22.1% for MOED, 9.5% for MOE, and 12.1% for Aw). Furthermore, relevant correlations (R > |0.7|) were established between MOED and between some of the static flexural parameters. These correlations were stronger for beech, which due to its more homogeneous structure showed less data variability than the ring-porous oak.
Assessment of Climate Change and Land Use/Land Cover Effects on Aralia elata Habitat Suitability in Northeastern China
Authors: Jin Xin , Chang Baoliang , Huang Yanqing , Lin Xiaokun
Published: January 2024

Climate change and land use/land cover (LULC) change have received widespread attention as the two main factors contributing to the shrinking of plant habitats. However, the different effects of these factors on understory economic tree species are not clear. This is not conducive to the conservation and exploitation of forest resources. Here, we used species distribution modeling to predict the extent to which climate change and LULC change will affect changes in suitable habitats for A. elata under different scenarios in the future. The results showed the suitable habitat to be located in the Changbai Mountain Range in northeast China. The current area is 110,962 km2. The main variables that affect the suitable habitat are annual precipitation, LULC, slope, and mean diurnal range. The percentage contributions are 31.2%, 16.8%, 12.8%, and 12.3%, respectively. In the 2070s, the area of high-quality (moderately and highly) suitable habitat was reduced by an average of 6.05% when climate alone changed, and by an average of 10.21% when land use alone changed. When both factors changed together, there was an average decrease of 9.69%. When climate change and land use change acted together, the shrinking area of suitable habitat did not suddenly increase. These findings help to identify potentially suitable habitats for A. elata and to carry out conservation and exploitation efforts to ensure sustainability.
Effect of Applied Pressure on the Performance of Biodegradable Fiber Insulation Board Manufactured from Camphor Branches (Cinnamomum camphora)
Authors: Cai Ziyi , Song Xiaowen , Wang Xiulun , Guo Tongxin , Takahashi Hiroshi , Cai Changqing
Published: January 2024

Currently, the predominant thermal insulation materials in the construction industry are primarily derived from inorganic sources. While these materials demonstrate commendable thermal insulation capabilities, their widespread use raises significant environmental concerns. The utilization of wood fiber materials presents a promising solution to mitigate these drawbacks. This study focuses on the fabrication of biodegradable fiber insulation board (BFIB) using camphor branches. The manufacturing process avoids the use of chemical additives, employing a physical method that utilizes hot pressing and relies on the formation of intermolecular hydrogen and hydroxide bonds between the fibers. The study evaluates the influence of applied pressure on the properties of BFIB. SEM images reveal that, with an increase in applied pressure, the fibers exhibit a more regular pattern, subsequently enhancing the mechanical properties, hygric behavior, and fire resistance properties of BFIB. As an environmentally friendly and renewable material, BFIB holds the potential to substitute conventional insulation materials. It is particularly intriguing for energy-saving purposes when applied as building insulation for walls or ceilings.
Controllability of Fractional Complex Networks
Authors: Bao Xionggai , Ma Weiyuan , Li Xin
Published: January 2024

Controllability is a fundamental issue in the field of fractional complex network control, yet it has not received adequate attention in the past. This paper is dedicated to exploring the controllability of complex networks involving the Caputo fractional derivative. By utilizing the Cayley–Hamilton theorem and Laplace transformation, a concise proof is given to determine the controllability of linear fractional complex networks. Subsequently, leveraging the Schauder Fixed-Point theorem, controllability Gramian matrix, and fractional calculus theory, we derive controllability conditions for nonlinear fractional complex networks with a weighted adjacency matrix and Laplacian matrix, respectively. Finally, a numerical method for the controllability of fractional complex networks is obtained using Matlab (2021a)/Simulink (2021a). Three examples are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
Geochemical Characteristics of Deep-Sea Sediments in Different Pacific Ocean Regions: Insights from Fractal Modeling
Authors: Zhang Yan , He Gaowen , Xiao Fan , Yang Yong , Wang Fenlian , Liu Yonggang
Published: January 2024

Exploration of mineral resources in the deep sea has become an international trend. However, deep-sea mineral exploration faces challenges such as complex offshore drilling and the weak and mixed signals of ore deposits. Therefore, studying methods for identifying weak and mixed anomalies and extracting composite information in the deep sea is crucial for innovative prediction and evaluation of deep-sea mineral resources. In this study, the Central Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Pacific Ocean, and Eastern Pacific Ocean were selected as research areas. Drawing upon the fractal self-similarity exhibited by rare earth minerals in the deep-sea sediments within the Pacific Ocean, we conducted an analysis and comparison of the fractal geochemical characteristics in various regions of the Pacific Ocean’s deep-sea sediments. Thereafter, we studied the spatial distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) in deep-sea sediments in these regions to explore the mechanisms responsible for rare earth enrichment in the Pacific Ocean. The results revealed that the geochemical fractal characteristics of deep-sea sediments in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean Basin and the Central Pacific Ocean Basin were similar, whereas there were slight differences in the fractal characteristics observed in the Eastern Pacific Ocean Basin. By calculating the singularity index of CaO/P2O5, it was found that the singularity index in the Central and Northwestern Pacific Ocean basins was lower than that in the Eastern Pacific Ocean Basin, suggesting that the phosphorus content in the Eastern Pacific Ocean Basin was lower than that in the Central and Northwestern Pacific Ocean basins. In the Eastern Pacific Ocean, we found that phosphorus content in deep-sea sediments was the primary controlling factor for REE enrichment. Conversely, in the Central and Northwestern Pacific Ocean, both the phosphorus and calcium content in deep-sea sediments played significant roles in REE enrichment.
Privacy Preservation of Nabla Discrete Fractional-Order Dynamic Systems
Authors: Ma Jiayue , Hu Jiangping , Peng Zhinan
Published: January 2024

This article investigates the differential privacy of the initial state for nabla discrete fractional-order dynamic systems. A novel differentially private Gaussian mechanism is developed which enhances the system’s security by injecting random noise into the output state. Since the existence of random noise gives rise to the difficulty of analyzing the nabla discrete fractional-order systems, to cope with this challenge, the observability of nabla discrete fractional-order systems is introduced, establishing a connection between observability and differential privacy of initial values. Based on it, the noise magnitude required for ensuring differential privacy is determined by utilizing the observability Gramian matrix of systems. Furthermore, an optimal Gaussian noise distribution that maximizes algorithmic performance while simultaneously ensuring differential privacy is formulated. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
Correction: Suh Nchang et al. Knowledge about Asymptomatic Malaria and Acceptability of Using Artemisia afra Tea among Health Care Workers (HCWs) in Yaoundé, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6309
Authors: Suh Nchang Abenwie , Shinyuy Lahngong Methodius , Noukimi Sandra Fankem , Njong Sylvia , Bambara Sylvie , Kalimba Edgar M. , Kamga Joseph , Ghogomu Stephen Mbigha , Frederich Michel , Talom Jean Lesort Louck , Souopgui Jacob , Robert Annie
Published: January 2024

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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depression among Homeless Young Adults: A Social Determinants of Health Perspective
Authors: Wu Shiyou , Ta Lac , Vieira Jaime , Schwartz Kendall , Perez Joshua , Zeien Justin , Li Danyi , Hartmark-Hill Jennifer
Published: January 2024

Homelessness is a pervasive issue in the United States that presents significant challenges to public health. Homeless young adults (HYAs) are at particular risk for increased incidence and severity of depression. Using primary survey data (n = 205) collected in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area, Arizona, from June to August 2022, this study aims to examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression among HYAs. We adopted the ACEs 10-item scale to measure childhood traumatic experiences, whereas depression was measured by using a PHQ-4 depression scale and diagnosed depression. Regression models were conducted to test the relationships between ACEs and depression outcomes while controlling for the covariates at the individual, interpersonal, and socioeconomic/living environment levels. The average PHQ-4 score was 5.01 (SD = 3.59), and 59.69% of HYAs reported being diagnosed previously with depression. The mean ACEs score was 5.22 out of 10. Other things being equal, for every one unit increase in ACEs scores, the odds of being diagnosed with depression increased by 11.5%, yet it was not statistically significant, while the PHQ-4 score increased by 0.445 (p < 0.001). Overall, HYAs were disproportionately affected by depression. This study elucidates the complex relationship between ACEs and depression among HYAs.
A Systematic Review of Fintech and Banking Profitability
Authors: Tarawneh Adey , Abdul-Rahman Aisyah , Mohd Amin Syajarul Imna , Ghazali Mohd Fahmi
Published: January 2024

Financial technology (Fintech), characterized as technology-driven financial innovation, has catalyzed significant economic growth across various nations. The Fintech sector has experienced remarkable expansion, boasting vast user numbers. While regions like the United States and China have seen accelerated Fintech development, other areas like Western Europe, Eastern Asia, and the Middle East continue their evolutionary journey with this technology. Our research offers a systematic review of contemporary literature, probing the crucial Fintech metrics affecting bank profitability and identifying the primary factors influencing these profits. This review introduces a holistic methodology for quantitatively assessing the evolving Fintech measures and their interplay with determinants of bank profitability. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, our study evaluates 28 articles from Web of Science and Scopus databases from August 2019 to August 2023. Findings delineate two principal themes: Fintech measures at both bank and country levels and determinants of profitability, encompassing bank-specific and country-specific variables. We utilize the Theories, Constructs, Contexts, and Methods framework to chart the course for future research. Our insights bear significance for theoretical progression and practical implementation, offering academics, banking professionals, and policymakers a nuanced comprehension of the nexus between Fintech and bank profitability.
Circulating microRNA miR-425-5p Associated with Brain White Matter Lesions and Inflammatory Processes
Authors: Van der Auwera Sandra , Ameling Sabine , Wittfeld Katharina , Frenzel Stefan , Bülow Robin , Nauck Matthias , Völzke Henry , Völker Uwe , Grabe Hans J.
Published: January 2024

White matter lesions (WML) emerge as a consequence of vascular injuries in the brain. While they are commonly observed in aging, associations have been established with neurodegenerative and neurological disorders such as dementia or stroke. Despite substantial research efforts, biological mechanisms are incomplete and biomarkers indicating WMLs are lacking. Utilizing data from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), our objective was to identify plasma-circulating micro-RNAs (miRNAs) associated with WMLs, thus providing a foundation for a comprehensive biological model and further research. In linear regression models, direct association and moderating factors were analyzed. In 648 individuals, we identified hsa-miR-425-5p as directly associated with WMLs. In subsequent analyses, hsa-miR-425-5p was found to regulate various genes associated with WMLs with particular emphasis on the SH3PXD2A gene. Furthermore, miR-425-5p was found to be involved in immunological processes. In addition, noteworthy miRNAs associated with WMLs were identified, primarily moderated by the factors of sex or smoking status. All identified miRNAs exhibited a strong over-representation in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. We introduced hsa-miR-425-5p as a promising candidate in WML research probably involved in immunological processes. Mir-425-5p holds the potential as a biomarker of WMLs, shedding light on potential mechanisms and pathways in vascular dementia.
Untranslated Region Sequences and the Efficacy of mRNA Vaccines against Tuberculosis
Authors: Reshetnikov Vasiliy , Terenin Ilya , Shepelkova Galina , Yeremeev Vladimir , Kolmykov Semyon , Nagornykh Maxim , Kolosova Elena , Sokolova Tatiana , Zaborova Olga , Kukushkin Ivan , Kazakova Alisa , Kunyk Dmitry , Kirshina Anna , Vasileva Olga , Seregina Kristina , Pateev Ildus , Kolpakov Fedor , Ivanov Roman
Published: January 2024

mRNA vaccines have been shown to be effective in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The amount of research on the use of mRNAs as preventive and therapeutic modalities has undergone explosive growth in the last few years. Nonetheless, the issue of the stability of mRNA molecules and their translation efficiency remains incompletely resolved. These characteristics of mRNA directly affect the expression level of a desired protein. Regulatory elements of RNA—5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs)—are responsible for translation efficiency. An optimal combination of the regulatory sequences allows mRNA to significantly increase the target protein’s expression. We assessed the translation efficiency of mRNA encoding of firefly luciferase with various 5′ and 3′UTRs in vitro on cell lines DC2.4 and THP1. We found that mRNAs containing 5′UTR sequences from eukaryotic genes HBB, HSPA1A, Rabb, or H4C2, or from the adenoviral leader sequence TPL, resulted in higher levels of luciferase bioluminescence 4 h after transfection of DC2.4 cells as compared with 5′UTR sequences used in vaccines mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 from Moderna and BioNTech. mRNA containing TPL as the 5′UTR also showed higher efficiency (as compared with the 5′UTR from Moderna) at generating a T-cell response in mice immunized with mRNA vaccines encoding a multiepitope antigen. By contrast, no effects of various 5′UTRs and 3′UTRs were detectable in THP1 cells, suggesting that the observed effects are cell type specific. Further analyses enabled us to identify potential cell type-specific RNA-binding proteins that differ in landing sites within mRNAs with various 5′UTRs and 3′UTRs. Taken together, our data indicate high translation efficiency of TPL as a 5′UTR, according to experiments on DC2.4 cells and C57BL/6 mice.
Neuroprotection during Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Future Therapies
Authors: Dammavalam Vikalpa , Lin Sandra , Nessa Sayedatun , Daksla Neil , Stefanowski Kamil , Costa Ana , Bergese Sergio
Published: January 2024

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Endovascular thrombectomy has been impactful in decreasing mortality. However, many clinical results continue to show suboptimal functional outcomes despite high recanalization rates. This gap in recanalization and symptomatic improvement suggests a need for adjunctive therapies in post-thrombectomy care. With greater insight into ischemia-reperfusion injury, recent preclinical testing of neuroprotective agents has shifted towards preventing oxidative stress through upregulation of antioxidants and downstream effectors, with positive results. Advances in multiple neuroprotective therapies, including uric acid, activated protein C, nerinetide, otaplimastat, imatinib, verapamil, butylphthalide, edaravone, nelonemdaz, ApTOLL, regional hypothermia, remote ischemic conditioning, normobaric oxygen, and especially nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, have promising evidence for improving stroke care. Sedation and blood pressure management in endovascular thrombectomy also play crucial roles in improved stroke outcomes. A hand-in-hand approach with both endovascular therapy and neuroprotection may be the key to targeting disability due to stroke.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Contributes to Epilepsy Development after Ischemic Stroke in Mice
Authors: Pijet Barbara , Kostrzewska-Księzyk Agnieszka , Pijet-Kucicka Maja , Kaczmarek Leszek
Published: January 2024

Epilepsy, a neurological disorder affecting over 50 million individuals globally, is characterized by an enduring predisposition and diverse consequences, both neurobiological and social. Acquired epilepsy, constituting 30% of cases, often results from brain-damaging injuries like ischemic stroke. With one third of epilepsy cases being resistant to existing drugs and without any preventive therapeutics for epileptogenesis, identifying anti-epileptogenic targets is crucial. Stroke being a leading cause of acquired epilepsy, particularly in the elderly, prompts the need for understanding post-stroke epileptogenesis. Despite the challenges in studying stroke-evoked epilepsy in rodents due to poor long-term survival rates, in this presented study the use of an animal care protocol allowed for comprehensive investigation. We highlight the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in post-stroke epileptogenesis, emphasizing MMP-9 involvement in mouse models and its potential as a therapeutic target. Using a focal Middle Cerebral Artery occlusion model, this study demonstrates MMP-9 activation following ischemia, influencing susceptibility to seizures. MMP-9 knockout reduces epileptic features, while overexpression exacerbates them. The findings show that MMP-9 is a key player in post-stroke epileptogenesis, presenting opportunities for future therapies and expanding our understanding of acquired epilepsy.
A Non-Functional Carbon Dioxide-Mediated Post-Translational Modification on Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Gannon Harry G. , Riaz-Bradley Amber , Cann Martin J.
Published: January 2024

The carbamate post-translational modification (PTM), formed by the nucleophilic attack of carbon dioxide by a dissociated lysine epsilon-amino group, is proposed as a widespread mechanism for sensing this biologically important bioactive gas. Here, we demonstrate the discovery and in vitro characterization of a carbamate PTM on K9 of Arabidopsis nucleoside diphosphate kinase (AtNDK1). We demonstrate that altered side chain reactivity at K9 is deleterious for AtNDK1 structure and catalytic function, but that CO2 does not impact catalysis. We show that nucleotide substrate removes CO2 from AtNDK1, and the carbamate PTM is functionless within the detection limits of our experiments. The AtNDK1 K9 PTM is the first demonstration of a functionless carbamate. In light of this finding, we speculate that non-functionality is a possible feature of the many newly identified carbamate PTMs.
What We Know about and What Is New in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Ekman Natalia , Grossman Ashley B. , Dworakowska Dorota
Published: January 2024

Primary aldosteronism (PA), a significant and curable cause of secondary hypertension, is seen in 5–10% of hypertensive patients, with its prevalence contingent upon the severity of the hypertension. The principal aetiologies of PA include bilateral idiopathic hypertrophy (BIH) and aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs), while the less frequent causes include unilateral hyperplasia, familial hyperaldosteronism (FH) types I-IV, aldosterone-producing carcinoma, and ectopic aldosterone synthesis. This condition, characterised by excessive aldosterone secretion, leads to augmented sodium and water reabsorption alongside potassium loss, culminating in distinct clinical hallmarks: elevated aldosterone levels, suppressed renin levels, and hypertension. Notably, hypokalaemia is present in only 28% of patients with PA and is not a primary indicator. The association of PA with an escalated cardiovascular risk profile, independent of blood pressure levels, is notable. Patients with PA exhibit a heightened incidence of cardiovascular events compared to counterparts with essential hypertension, matched for age, sex, and blood pressure levels. Despite its prevalence, PA remains frequently undiagnosed, underscoring the imperative for enhanced screening protocols. The diagnostic process for PA entails a tripartite assessment: the aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) as the initial screening tool, followed by confirmatory and subtyping tests. A positive ARR necessitates confirmatory testing to rule out false positives. Subtyping, achieved through computed tomography and adrenal vein sampling, aims to distinguish between unilateral and bilateral PA forms, guiding targeted therapeutic strategies. New radionuclide imaging may facilitate and accelerate such subtyping and localisation. For unilateral adrenal adenoma or hyperplasia, surgical intervention is optimal, whereas bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia warrants treatment with mineralocorticoid antagonists (MRAs). This review amalgamates established and emerging insights into the management of primary aldosteronism.