bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O educador ambiental do Projeto Cultivando Água Boa da Bacia Hidrográfica do Paraná III
Authors: Klunk Luzia , Mazzarino Jane Márcia , Turatti Luciana
Published: June 2019

A educação baseada na participação e que valoriza práticas culturais locais fundamenta a Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental (PNEA) e a prática educativa do sujeito ecológico. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar elementos que constituem o sujeito ecológico no Programa Cultivando Água Boa (CAB) por meio das práticas dos seus educadores ambientais. Utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica para conceituar a Educação Ambiental, a pesquisa documental para caracterizar o CAB, bem como observações e entrevistas para identificar os elementos que compõem o perfil dos educadores ambientais do CAB. Os resultados apontam que a formação e a motivação para desenvolver ações de Educação Ambiental locais atravessam os modos de fazer destes atores que atuam no CAB.
Educação Ambiental: uma descrição das ações realizadas no município de Cruz das Almas (BA)
Authors: Cunha Fabiane Correia da
Published: June 2019

Este artigo objetiva descrever as ações de Educação Ambiental (EA) desenvolvidas no município de Cruz das Almas-BA. Os resultados permitiram identificar que, no âmbito da Prefeitura Municipal, as ações de EA são realizadas pela Secretaria de Educação e pela Secretaria de Agricultura e Meio Ambiente. Identificou-se também atividades ambientais de iniciativas independentes da sociedade civil e do Poder Público local. Embora o meio ambiente faça parte da agenda do município, acredita-se que a responsabilidade não deve partir apenas da iniciativa pública, mas cabe aos indivíduos sensibilizar-se de que é preciso construir caminhos que possibilitem a preservação de um meio ambiente socialmente justo e equilibrado.
Análise da percepção dos estudantes do ensino médio da cidade do Rio de Janeiro sobre as abelhas: quanto realmente sabemos sobre elas?
Authors: Paixão Gisele Palmares Gomes da , Martínez Felipe Rodrigo Vivallo
Published: June 2019

As abelhas são um dos grupos de insetos mais importantes por participarem ativamente na polinização e, consequentemente, na manutenção de grande parte dos ecossistemas terrestres. Para esse artigo foi avaliado o nível de conhecimento que alunos do ensino médio de diferentes escolas do estado do Rio de Janeiro têm sobre tais insetos – quanto a sua relevância no meio ambiente, ou mesmo quais atividades poderiam contribuir para a manutenção das suas populações. Os resultados obtidos indicam que grande parte dos alunos reconhece a importância das abelhas no meio ambiente, mas desconhecem a riqueza de espécies presentes no país, assim como às ferramentas que podem contribuir com a manutenção das espécies nativas brasileiras.
Educação Ambiental com estudantes e famílias na gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos
Authors: Cembranel Adir Silvério , Francischett Mafalda Nesi , Rodrigues Carla Regina
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar como a Educação Ambiental − EA, direcionada a Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos − RSU, influencia os estudantes e as suas famílias. A pesquisa ocorreu com 147 estudantes e 25 famílias de uma escola de ensino fundamental, no município de Manfrinópolis/PR. Na primeira etapa foram realizados levantamentos quantitativos e qualitativos dos RS gerados na escola e nas famílias e a análise das respostas a um questionário que buscou identificar o conhecimento dos sujeitos a respeito do tema. Na segunda etapa foram realizadas atividades de EA. Na terceira ocorreram novamente os levantamentos qualitativos e quantitativos dos RSU e a aplicação do questionário. A EA não teve resultado positivo entre as famílias, no entanto na escola ocorreu expressiva melhoria na gestão dos resíduos.
O Alto Camaquã e a pecuária familiar: a construção da Educação Ambiental hídrica
Authors: Carvalho Cibelle Machado , Cruz Rafael Cabral , Rocha Nájila Souza da
Published: June 2019

O território do Alto Camaquã/RS tem como aspecto fundamental a pecuária familiar e sua dependência com os recursos naturais. Porém, há restrições, como baixas disponibilidades hídricas e alterações nas nascentes. Partindo deste princípio, para modificar tal realidade e desenvolver estratégias de Educação Ambiental (EA) é necessário conhecer a realidade e as representações sociais dos pecuaristas familiares. A análise dos resultados propiciou identificar as potencialidades e dificuldades perante metodologias de EA, posteriormente foram diagnosticadas as ideias e percepções, representações dos pecuaristas sobre manejo de campo e água, escassez hídrica, água e qualidade de vida e a sua influência na produção.
Um debate no campo da Educação Ambiental sobre a patrimonialização de veículos na praia do Cassino, Rio Grande (RS)
Authors: Ferreira Felipe Nobrega , Silva Gabriel Ferreira da , Freitas José Vicente de
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo se propõe a realizar uma análise qualitativa sobre o caso de patrimonialização do uso de veículos automotores na faixa costeira do Balneário Cassino, cidade de Rio Grande – RS sob a perspectiva da Educação Ambiental. Partimos primeiro de um resgate histórico interpretativo dessa prática, seguido de uma análise do processo legal que culminou na aprovação da lei que transformou em Patrimônio da Cultura Imaterial o uso de carros na praia em 2017, bem como apresentamos as legislações pertinentes ao assunto do âmbito federal até o municipal, atentando-se às contradições existentes nos diferentes dispositivos legais que atravessam o tema. Em um segundo momento, nos debruçamos sobre os impactos ecossistêmicos que tal iniciativa traz à biodiversidade desse local, elencando um conjunto de riscos ambientais que estão em jogo. Por fim, apresentamos algumas alternativas que surgem do campo da Educação Ambiental que podem mediar uma nova postura ética no que tange ao uso de veículos na faixa costeira dessa praia.
Inserção da Educação Ambiental nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de direito: uma análise na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ribeiro Eliane Ferreira de Souza , Ferreira Mariana Silva
Published: June 2019

O artigo verificou como a Educação Ambiental é discutida nos cursos de graduação em Direito da Região Metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisados os projetos pedagógicos de curso, matrizes curriculares e ementas das disciplinas para avaliar se há o cumprimento das normas jurídicas no que concerne à temática ambiental. Em geral, as questões ambientais são trabalhadas de forma esparsa e sem critérios objetivos, com carência da interdisciplinaridade e a falta de adequação dos temas ambientais nos currículos. Portanto, os cursos não atendem à determinação legal no que tange à Educação Ambiental, e não propiciam contribuição para a formação de cidadãos e profissionais comprometidos com a conservação ambiental, com a sustentabilidade e transformação social de seu país.
Coincidence and Fixed Point of Nonexpansive Type Mappings in 2-Metric Spaces
Authors: Hammad H. A. , Ansari A. H. , Rashwan R. A.
Published: June 2019

The aim of this paper is to prove a coincidence point theorem for a class of self mappings satisfying nonexpansive type condition under various conditions and a fixed point theorem is also obtained. Our results extend and generalize the corresponding result of Singh and Chandrashekhar [A fixed point theorem in a 2-metric space and an application, J. Natural and Physical Sci. 15(1-2) (2001), 55-64].
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Tuldjanah Muthmainah
Published: June 2019

Telah dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus ekstrak etanol kulit buah kelor (Moringa oleifera). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak etanol kulit buah kelor (Moringa oleifera dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit buah kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Metode yang digunakan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri adalah metode paper Disk, dimana metode ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yang dibiakan dengan menggunakan lidi kapas yang telah disterilkan. Kemudian ekstrak kulit buah kelor (Moringa oleifera) yang diperoleh, diletakkan diatas kertas  cakram yang telah direndam selama 15 menit dengan ekstrak kulit buah kelor. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah kelor (Moringa oleifera) memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder berupa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan polifenol. Aktivitas antibakteri Stapylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, memilki zona daya hambat yang paling baik yaitu pada konsentrasi 15% dengan diameter daya hambat yaitu 15,19 mm pada bakteri Stapylococcus aureus.
PELATIHAN MENULIS PUISI SISWA KELAS VI SDN 1 BAUBAU
Authors: Ruslan Ruslan , Nazriani Nazriani
Published: June 2019

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk melatih siswa kelas VI SDN 1 Bauubau agar mampu menuangkan ide/gagasan, pikiran dan perasaannya melalui kegiatan menulis puisi, karena dengan melatih siswa menulis puisi diharapkan dapat meningkatkan daya pikir, daya imajinasi, daya kreatifitas siswa melalui pemilihan dan penyusunan kata lewat susunan bait dan baris serta dalam permainan bunyi. Metode yang digunakan adalah  metode terbimbing dengan pendekatan proses yang dilakukan selama sehari dengan menghasilkan beberapa puisi karya siswa sesuai jumlah mereka di kelas. Berdasarkan hasil pelatihan tersebut dapat diketahui tema yang dipilih siswa merupakan tema yang dekat dengan dengan diri dan lingkungan mereka seperti ibu, ayah, guru, pahlawan, sahabat dan lain sebagainya. Bentuk tipografi yang digunakan masih menggunakan bentuk konvensional serta diksi yang digunakan masih bersifat denonatif.
Review: Cercel, C.S. (2018). Towards a Jurisprudence of State Communism. Law and the Failure of Revolution. London: Routledge. 240 рp.
Authors: Antonov Mikhail
Published: June 2019

The present essay is a review of the 2018 book by Professor Cosmin Cercel TowardsaJurisprudenceofStateCommunism.LawandtheFailureofRevolution. In reviewer’s opinion, this book is a good contrast to the books and articles written in the first post-Soviet years in the Central European countries, when the intellectuals glorified the Western ideals and condemned the socialist past of their countries and the ideological legacy of the communist regimes. The focal point of the book under review is to rethink the history of authoritarianism in Romania through analyzing the formalist legal ideology that was utilized by communist regimes for their purposes. In author’s opinion, the ideas of Soviet jurisprudence do not significantly differ from the bourgeois discourse about law that characterizes the modernity. In the perspective of this discourse, the formal and procedural autonomy of legal rules (the regime of legality) is opposed to the substantial exceptions from these rules which are justified with references to higher values. These latter underpin the legitimacy of the laws. There were different versions of postulation of such values in the Western and in the communist legal theories, but all these versions are equally based on the same dualist paradigm of legal thinking.The author contextualizes this analysis of the legal philosophy of the interwar period within theoretical attempts to understand law through its connection with the state represented a kind of psychological defense of the classical jurisprudence against the revolutionary changes of the first decades of the XX century. These attempts are considered by the author as a function of psychoanalytical replacement and ousting of the historical facts from legal mentality, as far as these facts undermined the legal rationality and demonstrated the triumph of political violence over legal order. This semantic background was important for legal and political changes in the postwar Romania after 1945 — the wide discretional powers of the regime were justified with reference to the principle of exception which allows avoidance of rules in the name of people, country or state. This theoretical construction was largely utilized by the authoritarian regime which did not invent anything new but just followed the theoretical paths protracted in the interwar legal philosophy and theory.
The Theory of Criminal Law Should Not Be Reduced to the Analysis and Criticism of Criminal Legislation
Authors: Naumov Anatoly
Published: June 2019

In both normative and sociological senses criminal law includes three components — criminal legislation, judicial practice, and criminal law doctrine, and the development of this branch of law is possible only in their unity. The criminal law doctrine is to a certain extent superior to the other components of the "triad" and involves the development of the branch’s principles, goals and objectives. At the same time, the improvement of criminal law is not the only goal of the theory of criminal law. It should not be limited only to criticism of the current legislation and proposals for its improvement. However, the vast majority of modern domestic criminal law publications, such as monographs, articles in legal periodicals, dissertations, are devoted to criticism of the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Indeed, the current criminal law is not perfect, but the "imbalance" of research into the "law-making" side significantly reduces the scope of criminal law doctrine. And there will always be demand for theoretical studies on the analysis of the subject and method, system and objectives of criminal law, its sources.Debatable, for example, still is the issue of the legal nature of the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and, in particular, the judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court are a special kind of judicial interpretation and a fairly reliable tool for the courts to understand "the letter of the criminal law" and it’s applicability to the particular case. As for the assessment of the legal nature of the judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the criminal law doctrine often fails to notice that they touch upon the methodological problems of the theory of criminal law. In relation to a number of criminal law prohibitions, judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation are a source of criminal law, along with the Criminal Code. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation specified the most important principle of criminal law — the principle of legality and clarified the characteristics of criminality of socially dangerous acts prohibited by criminal law, which is directly related to the issue of criminal liability. In this sense, the Constitutional Court formulated a new and important addition to the content of the principle of legality — the certainty of criminal law rules, and, first of all, the criminal law prohibitions. Thus, the judicial authority overtook the criminal law doctrine in solving one of the most important issues for criminal proceedings.
International Obligations of Unrecognized State. The Case of Transdnistrian Moldavian Republic
Authors: Shinkaretskaia Galina
Published: June 2019

Unrecognized states are formations separated themselves from another state and had declared itself a new self-standing state. The inner structure of the formation does not differ from the structure of other states in that it possesses a constitution, legal system and state bodies. But such a formation is not recognized by the international community in the capacity of a subject of international law or is recognized by a minor number of states.Unrecognized states do not have interstate treaties with UN members, yet this does not mean that no international obligations are obligatory for them. General principles of international law and peremptory norms are obligatory notwithstanding recognition. Moreover, unrecognized state sometimes accept voluntarily international obligations of some treaties, still they are not recognized as parties thereof. The status of unrecognized states differ from the status of other actors not states in international relations: sometimes intrastate or even non-governmental organizations, e.g. European union, are accepted as parties to international treaties. Unrecognized states can never become parties to international treaties. Thus a situation of irresponsibility is created, when an unrecognized state has no partners who could question a responsibility in case of a breach of international law; neither the jurisdiction of treaty bodies created to monitor implementation of the treaty obligations.Transdnistrian Moldavian Republic is a good illustration here. Its Constitution contains a rule that the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties are a part of its legal system. The Republic does not have interstate treaties, but accepted some normative acts on the recognition of the most important human rights treaties. This is in fact a joining of the Republic to the treaties. Yet the Republic is not a party to them because the Vienna Convention on the law of international treaties 1969 allows only the subjects of international law to conclude international treaties which unrecognized Transdnistria is not. Thus the situation is created where the international community cannot submit a claim of failure to fulfill a treaty to Transdnistria.We submit that this is not so with generally recognized norms and principles because an obligation is emerging in the contemporary international law that all actors of international intercourse must fulfill those principles and norms. The events around the indictment of the former President of the Republic are a good example of breach of international law. The Republic broke the European Convention on human rights which diminished the acceptance of international law by the Republic.
Administrative Reforms in India
Authors: Shtatina Marina
Published: June 2019

Unlike other developing countries, India abandoned the concept of catching-up development, and all its administrative reforms supported the ideology of Indian identity by introducing the most promising scientific achievements in the field of public administration. We identify three stages of administrative reforming in India: 1) the stage of formation of the national public administration; 2) the stage of the state interventional development of the public administration; 3) the stage of liberalization and informatization of the public administration. Since India had received independence, the new state used of the achievements of the colonial civil service and maintained institutions guaranteeing the unity of the state. The Indian government has succeeded in establishing a "living democracy" as the inherent part of Indian culture which supports the traditions of pluralism and is based on the application of rule by consensus and accommodation. Established in 1966, the First Administrative Reforms Commission ensured the leading role of the state in economic development. It improved the organizational foundations of public administration, including the mechanisms of socio-economic planning. The Commission’s reports prepared the base for constitutional recognition of India as a socialist republic. The most important instrument of the Union public administration was the licensing system, which extended to all spheres of economic activity and spawned the creation of numerous inspections with broad jurisdictional powers. The economic crisis and the inability of the Union to solve the social problems by interventionist methods — these were the reasons of the liberal reforms of the 1990s — 2000s. The rejection of the license system, the transition to the methods of soft administrative and legal regulation, the empowerment of decentralized bodies have changed the main areas of activity of the Indian public administration. The National Institute for Transforming India has provided the solutions to the problems in 80 areas of the country’s socio-economic development, acting through the mediation of all stakeholders — central, state and local government officials, public organizations and citizens. Liberal reforms are also aimed at democratizing governance and forming a citizen-oriented administration. They are focused on the implementation of innovative e-technologies in business and public administration.
ANTICONCEPCIÓN HORMONAL, ASPECTOS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS Y DE LA CONDUCTA COMO FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA CÁNCER DE CUELLO UTERINO EN UN HOSPITAL EN ICA, PERÚ
Authors: Kuroki-Ishii Ana , Franco-Kuroki Alejandra , Franco-Kuroki Alejandra , Alaba-Tucto Karina
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: Demostrar que la anticoncepción hormonal, los factores sociodemográficos y de la conducta constituyen factores de riesgo para cáncer de cuello uterino en las pacientes atendidas en consultorio externo de Ginecología y Prevención del Cáncer en el Hospital Santa María del Socorro de Ica entre enero 2015 y diciembre 2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo, analítico. Resultados: La prevalencia de cáncer de cuello uterino fue de 13.7% (13 pacientes de cada 100 atendidas tuvieron cáncer de cuello uterino). Los resultados muestran que hubo mayor prevalencia en las mujeres mayores de 35 años, casadas o convivientes, sin estudios o con primaria completa, multíparas, con inicio de vida sexual después de los 14 años y no usuarias de anticonceptivos hormonales. No se encontró significancia estadística en ninguno de los factores mencionados. Conclusiones: No se demostró asociación entre anticoncepción hormonal y cáncer de cuello uterino. Los factores sociodemográficos y de la conducta algunos con mayor prevalencia no fueron estadísticamente significativos.
AUDIOVISUALITY AND THE CITY OF MARSEILLE, FRANCE: CREATIVITY, COMMUNICATION, REPRESENTATION
Authors: Martinelli Dario
Published: June 2019

The Wicked City (director Peter Mak, 1992), House on the Waterfront (director Edmond T. Gréville, 1955), The French Connection (director William Friedkin, 1971), the obvious Borsalino (director Jacques Deray, 1970)… up to the recent Netflix series Marseille (creator Dan Franck, 2016–2018): when browsing the titles of the most important audiovisual representations of Marseille, one immediately notices how this city seems to (be made to) communicate a few recurrent topoi: the frontier city, site of mostly illegal activities and inhabited by a multi-ethnic (or rather stateless) community of gangsters, sailors, adventurers and prostitutes – ingredients often mixed with an abundant amount of charm and nostalgic fascination. Mostly informed by the theories and methodologies of film studies, musicology, creativity studies and communication studies, the present article aims to emphasize the consistence of significations conveyed by both visual and musical sources. As a case-study, the article shall focus on Borsalino, possibly – at the same time – the most famous film placed in Marseille and the most famous soundtrack (by jazz composer Claude Bolling) – both, it is argued, perfect syntheses of the above-mentioned topoi.
Molecular data reveal a new species of Rhopalias Stiles & Hassall, 1898 (Digenea, Echinostomatidae) in the Common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis L. (Mammalia, Didelphidae) in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: López-Caballero Jorge , Mata-López Rosario , Pérez-Ponce de León Gerardo
Published: June 2019

A new species of Rhopalias Stiles & Hassall, 1898 is described from the small intestine of the Common opossum, Didelphismarsupialis Linnaeus from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Rhopaliasoochisp. nov. is morphologically very similar to the type species of the genus, Rhopaliascoronatus (Rudolphi, 1819) Stiles & Hassall 1898, a species widely distributed in opossums across Mexico. A molecular phylogenetic analysis using a mitochondrial gene (cox1), and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), of specimens of R.coronatus collected in several localities of Mexico revealed that those from the Yucatán Peninsula, originally recorded on morphological grounds as R.coronatus actually represented an independent genetic lineage. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses were performed for each data set independently, and for the concatenated data set (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 + cox1). All phylogenetic analyses showed that the specimens from Yucatán represented a monophyletic lineage, with high bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities. In addition, the genetic divergence estimated between R.oochisp. nov. and two species of Rhopalias, R.coronatus, and R.macracanthus Chandler, 1932 that also occur in Mexican marsupials ranged between 7–8% and 16–17%, for cox1, and between 0.1–0.2% and 7% for the ITS region, respectively. The molecular evidence gathered in this study (reciprocal monophyly in both phylogenetic analyses, and estimated genetic divergence) suggested that the specimens found in the intestine of D.marsupialis originally reported as R.coronatus from Yucatán, actually represent a new species. Morphological evidence was found through light and scanning electron microscopy to support the species distinction based on molecular data.
A revision of the Phelister haemorrhous species group (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Exosternini)
Authors: Caterino Michael S. , Tishechkin Alexey K.
Published: June 2019

ThePhelisterhaemorrhousspecies group is established here, revising the seventeen included species, four of which are described as new. This group is named for and contains the type species ofPhelister, so represents a core around which a modern concept of the dumping-ground genusPhelistermay be developed. The group includes several common and well-known species in the Americas, including some of the onlyPhelisterto exhibit distinctive coloration. Several of these are typically found in cattle dung, and have likely expanded beyond their native ranges as cattle spread throughout the Americas. The group contains the following species:PhelisterhaemorrhousMarseul, 1854,PhelisteraffinisJ.E. LeConte, 1859,PhelisterparallelisternusSchmidt, 1893,PhelistermobilensisCasey, 1916,PhelisterbrevistriatusCasey, 1916,Phelistersonoraesp. nov.,Phelisterwarnerisp. nov.,PhelisterpuncticollisHinton, 1935,Phelistersubrotundus(Say, 1825),Phelisterrouzeti(Fairmaire, 1850),PhelisterrufinotusMarseul, 1861,PhelisterthiemeiSchmidt, 1889,Phelisterparecissp. nov.,Phelisterbryantisp. nov.,Phelistervernus(Say, 1825),PhelisterchilicolaMarseul, 1870, andPhelisterbruchiBickhardt, 1920. We also designate the following new synonymies:PhelisterhaemorrhousMarseul (=PhelisterrubicundusMarseul, 1889,syn. nov.);Phelistersubrotundus(=PhelistercontractusCasey, 1916,syn nov.);Phelisterrouzeti(Fairmaire) (=PhelisterfairmaireiMarseul, 1861;syn. nov., =PhelisterwickhamiCasey, 1916,syn. nov.);PhelisterrufinotusMarseul, 1861 (=EpierusmarseuliiKirsch, 1873,syn. nov.); andPhelisterthiemeiSchmidt, 1889 (=PhelisterstercoricolaBickhardt, 1909,syn. nov.).
De la troïka aux dispensaires communautaires : le système de santé grec et la crise de l’accès aux soins
Authors: Gaudillière Jean-Paul
Published: June 2019

Trois millions de personnes ayant perdu leur couverture santé, une chute des salaires et revenus de plus d’un tiers, une hausse massive du reste à charge pour les patient.es, une espérance de vie qui décroît... L’austérité tue et la Grèce en est la démonstration. Comprendre les effets sanitaires de la crise impose toutefois de ne pas en rester là. Yannis Papadaniel revient ici sur les problèmes de longue durée que les interventions de la troïka n’ont fait qu’exacerber et insiste sur les réponses alternatives avec, depuis 2012, la mise en place de dispensaires communautaires qui jouent un rôle essentiel dans l’organisation de l’accès aux médicaments, et font du bricolage une forme d’innovation.
Une médecine détournée ? Influences industrielles et crise de confiance dans le domaine du médicament
Authors: Hauray Boris
Published: June 2019

La médecine traverse depuis maintenant près de vingt ans une crise de confiance liée principalement au rôle qu’y jouent les intérêts industriels. La multiplication depuis plusieurs décennies des affaires touchant au médicament, à ses conditions de mise sur le marché et à son utilité, déstabilise les autorités publiques, la crédibilité des savoirs scientifiques, et la croyance dans le caractère bénéfique de l’innovation. Boris Hauray analyse ici les transformations des conditions de production des connaissances et des expertises dans le monde du médicament, qui en sont à l’origine. Il montre comment la réponse privilégiée aux enjeux d’influence des intérêts industriels a été la création et le raffinement de dispositifs de transparence et de lutte contre les « conflits d’intérêt », qui ont permis d’objectiver l’importance et l’impact de la présence industrielle dans le secteur et ont ainsi aggravé, plus que résolu, la crise de confiance.
Pourquoi les festivals doivent être évalués à l’aune de leur utilité sociale
Authors: Duclos Hélène , Cherbonnel Émilie
Published: June 2019

À quoi servent les festivals ? À écouter de la musique, découvrir des œuvres, faire la fête... Oui, bien sûr. Mais pourraient-ils avoir une utilité au-delà de ce que l’on en perçoit immédiatement ? Huit festivals bretons ont fait le pari d’interroger ce qu’ils apportent aux personnes, à la société, à leur territoire, au-delà des évidences. Ils ont identifié leur utilité sociale. Mieux que cela : ils l’ont évaluée, mesurée. L’article est tiré de cette enquête, qui montre que, par leur dynamique artistique, festive et conviviale, les festivals favorisent la mixité sociale et intergénérationnelle, attirent aussi bien les entreprises que les étudiants, et ont un impact culturel, humain, social et/ou économique sur leur territoire.
L’arbitre, juge des parties et/ou régulateur ?
Authors: Dossios Loïs , Racine Jean-Baptiste
Published: June 2019

L’arbitrage international est de plus en plus confronté à des enjeux d’intérêt public. En cela, l’arbitre peut être considéré comme un régulateur. La situation est manifeste en matière d’arbitrage d’investissement dans lequel l’arbitre est directement confronté à des intérêts publics. L’hypothèse n’est pas d’école en matière d’arbitrage commercial international toutes les fois où les arbitres se réfèrent à un ordre public transnational. Par ailleurs, la tâche de régulation de l’arbitre est révélée par la production d’une véritable jurisprudence arbitrale, phénomène réel, bien que contesté.
MADELEINE E MEDEIA: MULHERES ALÉM DA MATERNIDADE
Authors: Marcos Cristina Moreira , Silva Thaís Limp
Published: June 2019

No texto ‘A juventude de Gide’, Lacan (1998a) compara Madeleine Gide, em seu ato de queimar as cartas de seu marido, André Gide, a Medeia. Este ato será definido como o ato de uma verdadeira mulher. Interessa-nos ler este breve comentário, buscando extrair dele o ponto a partir do qual Lacan define a mulher. Nossa hipótese é que seu ponto de partida não é o gênero mas antes o ato desmedido presente em uma e outra. Para a psicanálise, a sexualidade é sempre da ordem de um enigma para o neurótico. Freud refere-se à mulher como um continente negro e confessa que sua lente edípica e fálica não é suficiente para responder aos mistérios do feminino. Esta chave de leitura o conduz à conclusão de que a maternidade é a realização da feminilidade, por excelência. Para Lacan, a verdadeira mulher se situa na dissociação entre a mãe e a mulher. A partir da leitura de Miller, acerca de Madeleine e Medeia, propomos interrogar qual a relação entre o ato desmedido de uma e de outra mulher. Para tanto, abordaremos uma a uma.
Improved BVBUC Algorithm to Discover Closed Itemsets in Long Biological Datasets
Authors: Md Zaki Fatimah Audah , Zulkurnain Nurul Fariza
Published: June 2019

The task in mining closed frequent itemsets requires the algorithm to mine the frequent ones then determine its closure. The efficiency of closure computation is very important as it will determine the total mining time and the required memory. Over the years, many closure computation methods have been proposed to achieve these goals. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no suitable method that can be adapted for algorithms that enumerate the rowset lattice, which is effective for biological datasets. Therefore, this paper proposed a method for computing closure compare with the method used in BVBUC algorithm method. Finally, BVBUC_I is proposed and the performances of these algorithms were evaluated using two synthetic datasets and three real datasets. The results of these tests proved the efficiency of the proposed method.
Molecular Structures, Rotational Barriers, and Density Functional Theory Studies on 3,5-Diamino-6-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-Triazine
Authors: Toh Pek Lan , Wang Suh Miin
Published: June 2019

In this report, different hybrid Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods were utilized to determine the geometries, total energies, Frontier molecular orbitals, atomic charges, and rotational barriers of 3,5-Diamino-6-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-Triazine, C9H7Cl2N5 molecular system. All optimized geometrical parameters (i.e. bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles) were then compared with the experimental data, which reported by Sridhar and Ravikumar in 2009 [5]. Also, the results of electronic structures (i.e. total energies, Frontier molecular orbitals, atomic charges, and others) obtained by different DFT methods were compared and discussed.
Performance Evaluation of MadBoost on Face Detection
Authors: Pailus Rayner , Alfred Rayner
Published: June 2019

Adaboost Viola-Jones method is indeed a profound discovery in detecting face images mainly because it is fast, light and one of the easiest methods of detecting face images among other techniques of face detection. Viola Jones uses Haar wavelet filter to detect face images and it produces almost 80%accuracy of face detection. This paper discusses proposed methodology and algorithms that involved larger library of filters used to create more discrimination features among the images by processing the proposed 15 Haar rectangular features (an extension from 4 Haar wavelet filters of Viola Jones) and used them in multiple adaptive ensemble process of detecting face image. After facial detection, the process continues with normalization processes by applying feature extraction such as PCA combined with LDA or LPP to extract our week learners’ wavelet for more classification features. Upon the process of feature extraction proposed feature selection to index these extracted data. These extracted vectors are used for training and creating MADBoost (Multiple Adaptive Diversified Boost)(an improvement of Adaboost, which uses multiple feature extraction methods combined with multiple classifiers) is able to capture, recognize and distinguish face image (s) faster. MADBoost applies the ensemble approach with better weights for classification to produce better face recognition results. Three experiments have been conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed MADBoost with three other classifiers, Neural Network (NN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Adaboost classifiers using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as the feature extraction method. These experiments were tested against obstacles of POIES (Pose, Obstruction, Illumination, Expression, Sizes). Based on the results obtained, Madboost is found to be able to improve the recognition performance in matching failures, incorrect matching, matching success percentages and acceptable time taken to perform the classification task.
An Analysis of Gamification on Dota 2’s Business Model
Authors: Thavamuni Sagguneswaraan , Ismail Hadzariah , Iida Hiroyuki
Published: June 2019

Gamification has been widely applied to various fields to boost the user experience and engagement. Most businesses now have implemented gamification elements into their business models to increase their customer retention. These elements, often called the Customer Loyalty Programs have helped businesses retain their customer base by ensuring that their customers get rewarded for their support to the business. This paper analyses the business model of Dota 2, a Free-to-Play game which sells various in-game items including the Compendium annually. The compendium allows the players to earn or buy levels and receive rewards based on their achievements in the compendium. The compendium applies various concepts of gamification into it. The compendium is then annually improved by adding new rewards, milestones and features. We can expect that the sales of the compendium will increase with the implementation and improvement of gamification, which in turn can help to sustain the Free-to-Play model of the game.
Assessing Fun and Engagement in Mobile Applications for Children with Speech Delay
Authors: Tommy Carolyne Alphonsus , Minoi Jacey Lynn , Sian Chin Saw
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the fun and engagement elements, and the assessment methods of these two elements for children. Fun to children is something they do that is amusing or enjoyable. Engagement refers to how a child shares a positive connection to peers or activities. Both of these elements could be an important factor to support and strengthen learning among children. We employed the Again-again table and the Adaptive Behaviour Scale [24] from Bayley-III to measure and to assess fun and engagement, particularly in educational mobile apps for children with speech delay. A local prototype of speech therapy mobile application was used in the experiment, and the results have shown that both fun and engagement are correlated.
Flow between Stretchable Rotating Disks in an Anisotropic Porous Medium with Cattaneo Christov Heat Flux
Authors: Gowthami K. , Prasad P. Hari , Mallikarjuna B. , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: June 2019

A study on fully developed fluid flow between 2two stretchable disks in a 1porous medium is presented. The porous medium is assumed to be an anisotropic porous medium and described using Darcy’s model. Moreover Cattaneo - Christov heat flux 1model is used for heat transport processes. Numerical method 1is used to compute the solutions of non-dimensionalized equations and obtained results are discussed with the aid of graphs and table values on physical quantities (fluid velocity, fluid temperature, skin frication coefficients and Nusselt numbers) for various values of physical parameters, Darcy’ number in different directions, stretchable disk parameters, rotation parameter and thermal relaxation parameter. Increasing stretchable disks parameter reports opposite behavior on physical quantities at different disks. Positive and negative values of rotation parameter impact on physical quantities are presented and discussed. As increase in thermal relaxation parameter fluid temperature transfers in different directions between disks and Nusselt number values are enhanced at both disks.
Reactant Consumption and Thermal Decomposition Analysis in a Two-Step Combustible Slab
Authors: Lebelo Ramoshweu Solomon , Mahlobo Radley Kebarapetse , Adesanya Samuel Olumide
Published: June 2019

The significance of this paper is to analyse thermal decomposition and reactant consumption in a stockpile of reactive materials, such as that of coal, hay or wood, for example. The study is modelled in a rectangular slab and a two-step combustion process like the one taking place in fuel combustion of an automobile is assumed. The coupling of Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) method and Shooting technique is applied to solve the differential equations governing the problem. The combustion process that is so complicated is investigated by consideration of effects of some embedded kinetic parameters, such as the activation energy, on the temperature and the reactant (O2) consumption. It was discovered that parameters such as the activation energy, tend to lower the temperature of the system and correspondingly reduce the O2 consumption rate, whereas parameters like the rate of reaction, increase the temperature during the combustion process, to reduce the O2 concentration of the system. The results also indicate that parameters like the rate of reaction, which increase the temperature profiles, fast-track the exothermic chemical reaction to deplete the reactant faster. However, those that reduce the temperature of the system preserve the reactant concentration.
Early Notch Signals Induce a Pathogenic Molecular Signature during Priming of Alloantigen-Specific Conventional CD4+ T Cells in Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Chung Jooho , Radojcic Vedran , Perkey Eric , Parnell Timothy J. , Niknafs Yashar , Jin Xi , Friedman Ann , Labrecque Nathalie , Blazar Bruce R. , Brennan Todd V. , Siebel Christian W. , Maillard Ivan
Published: June 2019

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Notch signals delivered during the first 48 h after transplantation drive proinflammatory cytokine production in conventional T cells (Tconv) and inhibit the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Short-term Notch inhibition induces long-term GVHD protection. However, it remains unknown whether Notch blockade blunts GVHD through its effects on Tconv, Tregs, or both and what early Notch-regulated molecular events occur in alloantigen-specific T cells. To address these questions, we engineered T cell grafts to achieve selective Notch blockade in Tconv versus Tregs and evaluated their capacity to trigger GVHD in mice. Notch blockade in Tconv was essential for GVHD protection as GVHD severity was similar in the recipients of wild-type Tconv combined with Notch-deprived versus wild-type Tregs. To identify the impact of Notch signaling on the earliest steps of T cell activation in vivo, we established a new acute GVHD model mediated by clonal alloantigen-specific 4C CD4+ Tconv. Notch-deprived 4C T cells had preserved early steps of activation, IL-2 production, proliferation, and Th cell polarization. In contrast, Notch inhibition dampened IFN-γ and IL-17 production, diminished mTORC1 and ERK1/2 activation, and impaired transcription of a subset of Myc-regulated genes. The distinct Notch-regulated signature had minimal overlap with known Notch targets in T cell leukemia and developing T cells, highlighting the specific impact of Notch signaling in mature T cells. Our findings uncover a unique molecular program associated with the pathogenic effects of Notch in T cells at the earliest stages of GVHD.
Solidification Furnace Developed for Sounding Rockets: Rio Verde Mission
Authors: Toledo Rafael Cardoso , Ribeiro Manuel Francisco , Bandeira Irajá Newton , An Chen Ying
Published: June 2019

Brazil has a Microgravity Program mainly based on experiments using sounding rockets. Up to now, four missions have been carried out with approximately 35 experiments submitted in total. In all flights, the Associate Laboratory of Sensors and Materials of the Brazilian Space Research Institute (LABAS/INPE) participated with a fast solidification furnace, capable of producing temperatures up to 900 °C, which was tested with semiconductor and metal alloys. This paper describes the construction and the performance of that furnace during the last parabolic flight, Rio Verde Mission, occurred in 2016. The solidification furnace is now qualified and ready to be used by other institutions in sounding rocket flights.
Trends and Determinants of Attitudes Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Among Women of Reproductive Age in Tajikistan
Authors: Zainiddinov Hakim
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Despite having one of lowest rates of newly diagnosed HIV infections among former Soviet countries, Tajikistan has a substantial level of discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). While initial attempts were made to explore discriminatory attitudes of a wide range of professionals, women’s general attitudes towards PLWHA received less scholarly attention. Employing a nationally representative sample from the 2000 and 2005 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), sociodemographic determinants of HIV-related discriminatory attitudes of women aged 15-49 in Tajikistan were identified and examined over time.Methods:  A representative sample included 5,453 women of reproductive age from the capital city and four regions of Tajikistan. Two dichotomized scenarios  representing the agreement to let an HIV-infected teacher continue teaching in school and the willingness to buy food from an HIV-infected cashier were constructed. Univariate and multivariable analyses of HIV-related discriminatory attitudes were obtained using Stata 14.Results: Insignificant but positive changes were observed in the women’s attitudes between 2000 and 2005. Logistic regression models showed that negative attitudes were associated with the lack of knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention methods, endorsement of HIV/AIDS transmission misconceptions, and never having been tested for HIV (p≤0.001). Women living in the rural areas, married, with lower education, and from low income households were less tolerant towards PLWHA.Conclusions: The data from Tajikistan underscore the persistence of HIV-related discriminatory attitudes among low socioeconomic status women. The study findings can be potentially used to target the disadvantaged groups and guide the design and implementation of programs that promote voluntary HIV-testing, raise awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention methods, and help dispel transmission misconceptions.
Aprendizaje basado en el trabajo: trayectorias laborales discontinuas
Authors: Martín Artiles Antonio , Lope Lope Andreu , Carrasquer Pilar , Molina Óscar
Published: June 2019

Los contratos de aprendizaje y formación y de prácticas facilitan la transición al mercado de trabajo. Pero para la mayoría de los jóvenes, las trayectorias laborales que derivan de ellos son discontinuas y desestructuradas. Esos contratos, en tanto que formas de aprendizaje basado en el trabajo, no influyen positivamente en las trayectorias de los jóvenes, como teóricamente sería de esperar. La discontinuidad de las trayectorias estriba en la legislación, en las características estructurales del mercado de trabajo y en las prácticas empresariales.
Factors influencing interest of Slovak consumers' in organic dairy products
Authors: Ubrežiová Iveta , Kráľová Tatiana , Kozáková Jana
Published: June 2019

The aim of the article is to analyse the dependency of selected factors (age category, level of income and gender) on consumers' willingness to buy organic dairy products. The primary research based on the electronic interview survey carried out on the sample of 203 Slovak respondents of all ages, in different social situations and with different views on the issue. The questionnaire consisted of seven sorting questions and six questions addressed consumers' perception of organic dairy products and the reasons for their purchase or rejection. For evaluation the Chi square test of square contingency was used. Results were sorted into tree parts. The aim of the firts part of research was to find out whether there is a dependency between the age category of the respondents and whether they are buying organic dairy products. Results showed that the age category of the respondents and purchase of organic dairy products are independent. The second part of the research based on the examination of the dependency between the level of income of the respondents and their willingness to pay for organic products. In this case we confirmed the dependency between the customers' average income per month and their willingness to pay for organic dairy products. Last but not least, the dependency between the reasons that would discourage consumers from buying organic dairy products and their gender was examined. The results of analysis clearly showed that these two variables are independent. Despite generally persisted opinions that food of daily consumption in bio quality (organic) is mainly bought by women of specific age categories (joung independent woman after graduation, mothers on maternity leave) we can confirm just the significance of the impact of customers' average income per month on their willingness to pay for these high quality and therefore expensive products.
On the regularity of solutions to the Poisson equation in Musielak-Orlicz Spaces
Authors: Benkirane Abdelmoujib , Sidi Mohamed Deval , Ait Khellou Mustafa
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we study some regularity results of solutions of the Poisson equation $\triangle u=f,$ in Musielak-Orlicz spaces.