bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and screening of zwitterionic polymer scaffolds for rapid underwater adhesion and long‐term antifouling stability
Authors: Zhang Zekai , Han Xia , Gong Wei , Huang Kai , Li Jia‐hui , Chen Xueqian , Lian Cheng , Liu Honglai
Published: May 2023

As key components of antifouling material surfaces, the design and screening of polymer molecules grafted on the substrate are critical. However, current experimental and computational models still retain an empirical flavor due to the complex structure of polymers. Here, we report a simple and general strategy that enables multiscale design and screening of easily synthesized functional polymer molecules to address this challenge. Specifically, the required functions of the antifouling material are decomposed and assigned to different modules of the polymer molecules. By designing different modules, a novel bio‐inspired polymer with three zwitterionic poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) chains, three catechol (DOPA) anchors (tri‐DOPA‐PSBMA), and a tris(2‐aminoethyl) amine (TREN) scaffold were screened out. Moreover, it was successfully synthesized via an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The excellent performance of tri‐DOPA‐PSBMA with a versatile and convenient grafting strategy makes it a promising material for marine devices, biomedical devices, and industrial applications.
PHACES‐like syndrome with TMEM260 compound heterozygous variants
Authors: Kuroda Yukiko , Saito Yoko , Enomoto Yumi , Naruto Takuya , Mitsui Jun , Kurosawa Kenji
Published: May 2023

PHACES syndrome is a multiple congenital disorder with unknown etiology that is characterized by Posterior fossa anomalies, Hemangioma, Arterial lesions, Cardiac abnormalities/coarctation of the aorta, Eye anomalies, and Sternal cleft. Compound heterozygous or homozygous TMEM260 variants cause structural heart defects and renal anomalies syndrome (SHDRA). We describe a 10‐year‐old male patient with a PHACES‐like syndrome and TMEM260 compound heterozygous variants who demonstrated overlapping phenotypes between the two syndromes. He presented with truncus arteriosus, supraumbilical raphe, ophthalmological abnormality, vertebral abnormality, borderline intellectual disability, and hearing loss. He had normal serum creatinine. In proband exome sequencing, compound heterozygous TMEM260 variants (NM_017799.4 c.1617delG p.(Trp539Cysfs*9)/c.1858C > T p.(Gln620*)) were identified. Twelve patients have been reported with TMEM260‐related SHDRA: 10 had truncus arteriosus and 6 had renal failure. One previously reported patient had facial port wine nevus and another patient had supraumbilical raphe, which are the cardinal signs for PHACES syndrome. TMEM260‐related SHDRA could share overlapping clinical features with PHACES syndrome. This report expands the phenotypic spectrum of a TMEM260‐related disorder.
Frontotemporal Degeneration with Transactive Response DNA‐Binding Protein Type C at the Anterior Temporal Lobe
Authors: Mesulam Marek‐Marsel , Gefen Tamar , Flanagan Margaret , Castellani Rudolph , Jamshidi Pouya , Barbieri Elena , Sridhar Jaiashre , Kawles Allegra , Weintraub Sandra , Geula Changiz , Rogalski Emily
Published: May 2023

The anatomical distribution of most neurodegenerative diseases shows considerable interindividual variations. In contrast, frontotemporal lobar degeneration with transactive response DNA‐binding protein type C (TDP‐C) shows a consistent predilection for the anterior temporal lobe (ATL). The relatively selective atrophy of ATL in TDP‐C patients has highlighted the importance of this region for complex cognitive and behavioral functions. This review includes observations on 28 TDP‐C patients, 18 with semantic primary progressive aphasia and 10 with other syndromes. Longitudinal imaging allowed the delineation of progression trajectories. At post‐mortem examination, the pathognomonic feature of TDP‐C consisted of long, thick neurites found predominantly in superficial cortical layers. These neurites may represent dystrophic apical dendrites of layer III and V pyramidal neurons that are known to play pivotal roles in complex cortical computations. Other types of frontotemporal lobar degeneration TDP, such as TDP‐A and TDP‐B, are not associated with long dystrophic neurites in the cerebral cortex, and do not show similar predilection patterns for ATL. Research is beginning to identify molecular, structural, and immunological differences between pathological TDP‐43 in TDP‐C versus TDP‐A and B. Parallel investigations based on proteomics, somatic mutations, and genome‐wide association studies are detecting molecular features that could conceivably mediate the selective vulnerability of ATL to TDP‐C. Future work will focus on characterizing the distinctive features of the abnormal TDP‐C neurites, the mechanisms of neurotoxicity, initial cellular targets within the ATL, trajectory of spread, and the nature of ATL‐specific markers that modulate vulnerability to TDP‐C. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1–12
Connecting Ruthenium Photocatalysis to 1,2‐Dioxetane‐Mediated Chemiluminescence: a Versatile Combination for Optical Detection and Read‐Out
Authors: Köckenberger Johannes , Thurston Ryan , Sauer Caroline , Oppl Janina , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: May 2023

Optical storage and photon quantification systems based on sensitive photoreactions have numerous applications. Herein, we report a highly efficient photocatalytic reaction, in which ruthenium photoredox catalysis is combined with a 1,2‐dioxetane from which chemiluminescence can be triggered. In this system, blue light irradiation as optical input enables a defined inverse correlation with base‐triggered, blue light emission as optical output. Comparison of readout by 1H NMR and chemiluminescence, relative to previous optical input, underlines the reliability and usefulness of the ruthenium‐dioxetane system for optical storage, sensing and ruthenium detection.
Regulating Zinc Deposition via Zincophilic 2D‐Cu2Te as the Current Collector to Suppress Dendrite Formation toward High Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Hsuan , Lin Tuan‐Yue , Su Tian‐Shun , Chen Guan‐Min , Liu Yu‐chen , Chen Yu‐Ze
Published: May 2023

In this study, we synthesized standing 2D δ‐Cu2Te flakes (δ‐CTFs) via a facile post‐tellurization process, which served as the current collector to accommodate zinc (Zn) for AZIBs. These flakes exhibited low nucleation overpotential and low interfacial impedance, facilitating the plating/stripping of Zn ions. Interestingly, the hydrophilicity and standing structure of δ‐CTFs guided the electrodeposited Zn to laterally grow on the surface of δ‐CTFs, effectively suppressing Zn dendrite formation. The Zn@δ‐CTFs anode exhibited a long‐term cycling duration of 510 hours in a symmetric cell, which is far superior to previous reports. Even under high current density of 10 mA cm−2, the anode was able to perform stably with a cycle life of 110 hours. The machine learning model was exploited to predict the effective charge value, discovering that Zn migrated in Cu2Te were subject to the larger driving force of migration under applied field. Finally, the Zn@δ‐CTFs//MnO2 full battery exhibited excellent rate‐dependent capacity and maintained a capacity of 100 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1, without Zn dendrite formation. This research provides a new strategy for regulating Zn deposition to address dendrite issues toward long lifespan AZIBs.
Carbon‐based organic radical spin filters
Authors: Cho Daeheum
Published: May 2023

Single‐molecule magnetic junctions serve as an important component for the manipulation of spin‐polarized currents by chemical modifications and control of magnetic interactions in spintronic devices. We employed the nonequilibrium green function and spin‐polarized density functional theory simulations to investigate the performance of molecular junctions bearing an organic radical as spin filters. A spin‐polarized current could be generated using the junctions and, moreover, the spin‐filtering efficiency could be tuned by varying the number of magnetic units. Spin orbital and density of states analyses revealed the relationship effect of the shapes and energy levels of the dominant electron‐conducting channels in the spin‐filtering efficiency. Thus, the use of a tunable organic magnetic molecular junction system is an appealing approach for regulating spin‐polarized currents in spintronic devices.
Intentional Strategies for Equity and Inclusion on Boards
Authors: Stoll Kim
Published: May 2023

Kim Stoll is chair of Milwaukee Women Inc and vice president of sales and marketing for Badger Meter. In this article, Kim discusses Nasdaq's groundbreaking action to advance board diversity and shares thought‐provoking comments from Toni Townes‐Whitley, independent director on the Nasdaq Board and keynote speaker at the organization's 20th anniversary event.
Personalized circulating tumor DNA detection to monitor immunotherapy efficacy and predict outcome in locally advanced or metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cheng Lei , Gao Guanghui , Zhao Chao , Wang Haowei , Yao Chao , Yu Hanchuanzhi , Yao Jichen , Li Feng , Guo Lijie , Jian Qijie , Chen Xiaoxia , Li Xuefei , Zhou Caicun
Published: May 2023

Objective

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or combined with chemotherapy exhibit substantial efficacy for the treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, reliable biomarkers that can monitor response to first‐line ICIs ± chemotherapy remain unclear.

Methods

A total of 16 tumor tissues and 46 matched peripheral blood samples at baseline and during treatment were retrospectively collected from 19 locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients. The circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) burden by tumor‐informed assay was detected to monitor and predict the therapeutic response and survival of NSCLC patients treated with first‐line ICIs or plus chemotherapy.

Results

We found that ctDNA was only positively detected in one patient by tumor‐agnostic assay with a mean variant allele fraction (VAF) of 6.40%, whereas it was positively detected in three patients by tumor‐informed assay with a mean VAF of 8.83%, 0.154%, and 0.176%, respectively. Tumor‐informed assays could sensitively detect ctDNA in 93.75% (15/16) of patients. Trends in the level of ctDNA from baseline to first evaluation was consistent with the radiographic changes. There was a greater decrease in ctDNA after treatment compared with baseline in patients with partial response compared to patients with stable disease/progressive disease. Patients with over a 50% reduction in ctDNA had a significant progression‐free survival and overall survival benefit.

Conclusion

The tumor‐informed assay was favorable for ctDNA detection, and early dynamic changes in plasma ctDNA may be a valuable biomarker for monitoring the efficacy and predicting the outcome in advanced NSCLC patients treated with first‐line ICIs ± chemotherapy.
Phytochemical and Biological Profile of Essential Oils of Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Growing in Northeastern Argentina
Authors: Celaya Liliana S. , Le Vraux María A. , Heit Cecilia I. , Viturro Carmen I. , Martina Pablo F.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate essential oils (EOs) from leaves of Elionurus muticus growing in Northeastern Argentina regarding their physicochemical profiles as well as their biological potential. Roots of a selected E. muticus population were investigated too. For this purpose, EOs of fresh materials were obtained by steam distillation and the chemical composition was characterized by gas chromatography GC/MS‐FID. Antibacterial, antioxidant and eco‐toxicity activities of the essential oils (EOs) were tested by in vitro assays. The EOs showed three E. muticus chemotypes: citral (neral+geranial), acorenone+bisabolone, acorenone+geranial. EO of roots of citral population contains mainly acorenone derivatives. EOs have high antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, being found minor antibacterial effect against Gram‐negative bacteria. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentration of EOs against DPPH⋅ were 7.1–30.0 mg/mL and the eco‐toxicity was high with LD50 <39 μg/mL. Based on the findings, given the high variability in their chemical composition and biological activity of E. muticus EO and the promising yields, it could be potentially chosen for industrial applications.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Fullerene Torsion Balances for Assessing the Contribution of Dispersion and Anionic Character in Non‐Covalent Arene–Fullerene Interactions
Authors: Yamada Michio , Sahara Koki , Koizumi Masaaki , Maeda Yutaka , Suzuki Mitsuaki
Published: May 2023

We employ a molecular torsion balance displaying bifurcated conformational isomerism to quantitatively evaluate the non‐covalent interactions between the fullerene surface and substituted arene moieties containing elements with high atomic numbers, as well as the thermodynamic processes involved in the folding equilibrium using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The interaction between fullerene and haloaryl groups was stronger in cases where the introduced halogen had a higher atomic number, indicating that dispersion forces play a significant role in the interaction between fullerenes and 4‐haloaryl groups. The dispersion term also significantly contributed to the interaction between fullerene and the 4‐mercaptophenyl group. Moreover, the addition of an appropriate base to the 4‐mercaptophenyl‐appended torsion balance formed the corresponding thiophenolate anion, resulting in a large negative change in the folding free energy in CDCl3. Detailed analysis suggested that the observed attractive anionic arene–fullerene interactions predominantly originated from solvation effects.
Nonorthogonal Cascade Catalysis in Multicompartment Micelles
Authors: Ahmed Eman , Cho Jinwon , Jang Seung Soon , Weck Marcus
Published: May 2023

Multicompartment micelles (MCMs) containing acid and base sites in discrete domains are prepared from poly(norbornene)‐based amphiphilic bottlebrush copolymers in aqueous media. The acid and base sites are localized in different compartments of the micelle, enabling the nonorthogonal reaction sequence: deacetalization – Knoevenagel condensation – Michael addition of acetals to 2‐amino chromene derivatives. Computational simulations using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) elucidated the bottlebrush composition required to effectively site‐isolate the nonorthogonal catalysts. This contribution presents MCMs as a new class of nanostructures for one‐pot multistep nonorthogonal cascade catalysis, laying the groundwork for the isolation of three or more incompatible catalysts to synthesize value‐added compounds in a single reaction vessel, in water.
The case for adjuvant BRAF‐targeted therapy versus adjuvant anti–PD‐1 therapy for patients with resected, high‐risk melanoma
Authors: Mooradian Meghan J. , Sullivan Ryan J.
Published: May 2023

The development of highly effective BRAF‐targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibition for patients with advanced metastatic melanoma has transformed the treatment of this disease. More recently, these advances have moved into the resected, high‐risk stage II and III settings. For patients with resected, BRAF‐mutant stage III melanoma, there are no head‐to‐head data to support the use of BRAF‐targeted therapy (specifically the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib) with either single‐agent nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Because the relapse‐free and distant metastasis–free survivals are similar in a cross‐trial comparison, it is not clear what the best option for these patients is. In this piece, the authors argue on behalf of and against both approaches.

Plain Language Summary

Two types of therapy exist for patients diagnosed with melanoma who have completed surgery and remain at high risk for tumor recurrence: (1) drugs that target the BRAF mutation (found in ∼50% of patients) and (2) immunotherapy.

There are no data showing that either approach is better than the other, so the choice of which therapy is best for an individual patient can be challenging.

In this article, we make arguments for and against each option.
The Steady‐State ALTADENA RASER Generates Continuous NMR Signals**
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Peng , Korvink Jan G. , J. Brandner Jürgen , Lehmkuhl Sören
Published: May 2023

A RASER (Radio Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) facilitates the study of nonlinear phenomena, as well as the determination of NMR parameters with high precision. To achieve maximum sensitivity in the desired operating mode, it is crucial to control the RASER over long periods of time. So far, this was only possible at ultra‐low magnetic fields. Here, we introduce a way to control the operating regime of a RASER at a magnetic field of 1.45 T. We employ a continuous‐flow RASER, pumped by PHIP (ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization). The hydrogenation of vinyl acetate (VA) with parahydrogen provides the required negative polarization on the methyl group of the product ethyl acetate (EA). The protons within the methyl group, separated by a 7 Hz J‐coupling, are RASER active. This system demonstrates five RASER phenomena: inequivalent and equivalent amplitudes in the “normal NMR mode”, period doublings, frequency combs, and chaos. The experiments match with simulations based on a theoretical model of two nonlinear‐coupled RASER modes. We predict the RASER regime at set conditions and visualize the prediction in a bifurcation diagram.
Contract farming as an alternative to large‐scale land acquisition and promoting inclusive and responsible agricultural investment: Evidences from Ethiopia
Authors: Adam Achamyeleh Gashu , Agegnehu Alelegn Wenedem
Published: May 2023

The acquisition of large tracts of land for agricultural investment from developing countries, including Ethiopia, by commercial firms has been aggravated after global food crisis in 2007–2008. Given the current attention to large‐scale land acquisition or land grabbing phenomenon, contract farming has been identified as a participatory and inclusive farming model which does not require agricultural firms to purchase or lease land in order to operate agricultural investments. Contract farming enables local smallholder farmers to produce agricultural products on their own land and ensure the benefits of land‐based agricultural investments remain with them. Unfortunately, the understanding and practice of contract farming as an alternative to large‐scale land acquisition to protect the land rights of the local people is underexplored in Ethiopia. This study, therefore, is aimed to examine the practice and conceptual understanding of contract farming in the context of agricultural investment in Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, mixed research approach was employed. Intensive document reviews, questionnaire, key informant interview and FGD were used as data collection tools. The results show that the practice of contract farming in Ethiopia is very insignificant and commercial farming is almost entirely relied on land acquisition. Moreover, gaps in policy and legal framework to guide contract farming has made difficult to effectively implement contract framing at national level. Finally, this study advised to introduce contract framing as a viable alternative to land acquisition for agricultural investment that fosters local smallholder farmers' participation in agricultural production and contributes to sustainable development.
OMIP‐91: A 27‐color flow cytometry panel to evaluate the phenotype and function of human conventional and unconventional T‐cells
Authors: Anderson Jeremy , Jalali Sedi , Licciardi Paul V. , Pellicci Daniel G.
Published: May 2023

This 27‐color panel was developed to simultaneously measure different T‐cell populations (CD4, CD8, γδ T‐cells, and MAIT cells) and their subsets (Memory, Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, and Treg) along with functional markers associated with their activation status, cytokine production and cytotoxicity. This panel will be useful for both in vivo and in vitro studies evaluating T‐cells in the context of human health and disease. This panel is valuable in settings where samples are limited as a large amount of data will be generated using small volumes of blood.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the role of SIX1 in mouse cranial neural crest patterning and bone development
Authors: Baxi Aparna , Jourdeuil Karyn , Cox Timothy C. , Clouthier David E. , Tavares Andre L. P.
Published: May 2023

Background

Genetic variants of the transcription factor SIX1 and its co‐factor EYA1 underlie 50% of Branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome (BOR) cases. BOR is characterized by craniofacial defects, including malformed middle ear ossicles leading to conductive hearing loss. In this work, we expand our knowledge of the Six1 gene regulatory network by using a Six1‐null mouse line to assess gene expression profiles of E10.5 mandibular arches, which give rise to the neural crest (NC)‐derived middle ear ossicles and lower jaw, via bulk RNA sequencing.

Results

Our transcriptomic analysis led to the identification of 808 differentially expressed genes that are related to translation, NC cell differentiation, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis including components of the WNT signaling pathway. As WNT signaling is a known contributor to bone development, we demonstrated that SIX1 is required for expression of the WNT antagonist Frzb in the mandibular arch, and determined that SIX1 expression results in repression of WNT signaling.

Conclusion

Our results clarify the mechanisms by which SIX1 regulates the development of NC‐derived craniofacial elements that are altered in SIX1‐associated disorders. In addition, this work identifies novel genes that could be causative to this birth defect and establishes a link between SIX1 and WNT signaling during patterning of NC cells.
Peatlands promote fire refugia in boreal forests of northern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Kuntzemann Christine E. , Whitman Ellen , Stralberg Diana , Parisien Marc‐André , Thompson Dan K. , Nielsen Scott E.
Published: May 2023

In the boreal forests of North America, large wildfires often leave residual patches of unburned vegetation, termed fire refugia, which can affect post‐fire ecosystem processes. Although topographic complexity is a major driver of fire refugia in mountainous terrain, refugia in boreal plains are more likely driven by a combination of other bottom‐up controls on fuel configuration as well as top‐down climate controls. In this study, we investigated the role of hydrological, ecological, and topographic heterogeneity, as well as climate moisture patterns, on the presence of fire refugia in forested upland and peatland ecosystems within Alberta's subhumid boreal forests over a 33‐year (1985–2018) period. Generalized linear models were used to model the probability of refugia in forested stands as a function of bottom‐up (vegetation, topography, site moisture, and ecosystem) and top‐down (normal and annual climate moisture deficit) controls. We then developed predictive maps of refugia probability for a range of normal and interannual climate moisture deficit values. We found that forested fens had a probability of refugia that was 64% higher than upland forests, while forested bogs did not differ from forested uplands in refugia likelihood. Climate and physical setting presented the strongest controls on fire refugia in uplands and peatlands, respectively. Increasing amounts of adjacent bogs, but not fens, produced a sixfold increase in refugia probability in uplands, while increasing amounts of adjacent bogs and fens produced roughly two times the refugia probability in forested peatlands. In these upland forest stands, fire refugia probability was negatively related to the interaction between regional climate moisture deficits and interannual deviations from these norms, thus increasing the probability of fire refugia during more severe drought conditions in areas with less arid climates, while decreasing refugia probabilities in drier climates. However, in peatlands themselves, neither regional climate moisture conditions nor the interannual deviations affected refugia. Fire size had a negative effect on fire refugia in all upland‐based models and a positive effect in all peatland‐based models. Our results suggest that large areas of intact peatlands may be capable of promoting fire refugia and thereby slowing climate‐driven, fire‐mediated vegetation transitions in surrounding forest ecosystems.
Water‐Soluble Fe(II) Complexes for Theranostic Application: Synthesis, Photoacoustic Imaging, and Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Delcroix Maeva , Reddy Marri Anil , Parant Stéphane , Gros Philippe C. , Bouché Mathilde
Published: May 2023

Significant effort focused on developing photoactivatable theranostics for localized image guided therapy of cancer by thermal ablation. In this context iron complexes were recently identified as photoactivatable theranostic agents with adequate biocompatibility and body clearance. Herein, a series of FeII complexes bearing polypyridine or N‐heterocyclic carbenes is reported that rely on rational complex engineering to red‐shift their MLCT based excited‐state deactivation via a straightforward approach. The non‐radiative decay of their MLCT upon irradiation is exploited for theranostic purposes by combining both tracking in photoacoustic imaging (PA) and photothermal therapy (PTT). The influence of structural modifications introduced herein on the solubility and stability of the complexes in biorelevant aqueous media is discussed. The relationship between complexes’ design, production of contrast in photoacoustic and photothermal efficiency are explored to develop tailored PA/PTT theranostic agents.
Functional Dithienopyrazines: Structure‐Property Relationships**
Authors: Kreuzer Franziska , Mena‐Osteritz Elena , Bäuerle Peter
Published: May 2023

Dithienopyrazines are only scarcely used as building blocks in organic electronic materials. Here, we report efficient preparation and investigation of syn‐ and anti‐dithienopyrazines, which were functionalized with triaraylamine units to provide different series of donor‐acceptor‐donor‐type materials. The characterization of the optoelectronic properties resulted in valuable structure‐property relationships and allowed for the elucidation of the influence of structural effects such as core structure (syn vs anti), type of substituents (directly arylated vs ethynylated aryl), and substitution pattern (α,α’‐ vs β,β’‐ vs fourfold substitution). Finally, first application of a dithienopyrazine derivative as model for hole‐transport materials tailored for organic electronic devices has been realized.
Helen Garrett: University of Washington's Innovative Registrar
Authors: D'Orio Wayne
Published: May 2023

If you attended AACRAO's annual conference in Colorado this spring, chances are you came back to your job with a head‐swirling number of FERPA interpretations and the sound of Helen Garrett's voice ringing in your ears.
Soypeptide supplementation attenuates weight loss and improves quality of life among brain cancer patients in a pilot study
Authors: Amakye William Kwame , Huang Chujun , Xu Zhenzhen , Wang Min , Guo Ji , Mou Yonggao , Guo Chengcheng , Yang Qunying , Ma Fang , Li Suyun , Acheampong Desmond Omane , Nsiah‐Asamoah Christiana , Ayensu Jessica , Agyapong Nana Ama Frimpomaa , Yuan Erdong , Yao Maojin , Ren Jiaoyan
Published: May 2023

Inability to meet nutrition needs resulting from multiple diseases‐related, and individual factors contribute significantly to malnutrition and poor disease outcome among cancer patients. Strategies capable of delivering metabolically efficient nutrients with less digestive and metabolic stress without adding bulk to the diet of patients may be suitable for dealing with cancer‐related malnutrition and quality of life (QoL). We sought to test the hypothesis that peptide supplementation could attenuate weight loss and improve QoL among brain cancer patients compared to conventionally treated controls. In a non‐blind pilot study, brain cancer patients received 9 g soybean peptide supplementation twice per day (peptide group, n = 9) and compared with conventional treatment (control group, n = 10) over two chemotherapy cycles of 42 days. Compared to the controls, soypeptide supplementation attenuated weight loss with 5.4% increase in weight. Moreover, QoL, assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30, revealed that physical (8.1 ± 15.6, p < .047) and emotional (7.5 ± 3.5, p < .033) functioning as well as summary scores (7.1 ± 2.4, p < .048) improved, whereas others remain stable. Molecular docking simulation suggested that the peptides could induce body weight through the inhibition of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) upon digestion. Daily soypeptide supplementation could enhance weight gain and improve QoL among brain cancer patients possibly by inhibiting ACE activity. However, a follow‐up study with a larger sample size in a double‐blind randomized trial is required to validate these preliminary findings.
Provider confidence in counseling preconception, pregnant, and postpartum patients regarding COVID‐19 vaccination: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Siegel Molly R. , James Kaitlyn E. , Jaffe Elana , L'Heureux Michelle M. , Kaimal Anjali J. , Goldfarb Ilona T.
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims

Healthcare provider counseling surrounding COVID‐19 vaccine in pregnancy and lactation is essential to vaccination uptake in this population; however, provider knowledge and confidence are not well characterized. We aimed to assess knowledge and confidence in COVID‐19 vaccine counseling among practitioners who provide care to pregnant persons and to describe factors associated with confidence in counseling.

Methods

A web‐based anonymous survey was distributed via email to a cross‐sectional convenience sample of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Primary Care, and Internal Medicine faculty at three hospitals in a single healthcare network in Massachusetts, United States. Individual demographics and institution‐specific variables were included in the survey along with questions assessing both attitudes toward COVID‐19 illness and confidence in counseling regarding the use of the vaccine in pregnancy.

Results

Almost all providers (151, 98.1%) reported that they received a COVID‐19 vaccine, and most (111, 72.1%) reported that they believe the benefits of the vaccine in pregnancy outweigh the risks. Forty‐one (26.6%) reported feeling very confident in counseling patients who primarily speak English about the evidence for messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination in pregnancy, and 36 (23%) reported feeling very confident in counseling patients who are not primarily English‐speaking. Forty‐three providers (28.1%) expressed strong confidence in their comfort talking to individuals with vaccine hesitancy based on historic and continued racism and systemic injustices. The sources that survey respondents most used to find information regarding COVID‐19 vaccination in pregnancy were the Centers for Disease Control (112, 74.2%), hospital‐specific resources (94, 62.3%), and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (82, 54.3%).

Conclusion

Ensuring that providers feel comfortable bridging the gap between their belief that the vaccine is beneficial for pregnant patients and their comfort with holding conversations with patients regarding vaccination is paramount to ensure equitable access to vaccines for pregnant patients.
Long‐term prognostic impact of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy: A population‐based competing risk analysis
Authors: Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Lee Yan Hiu Athena , Hui Jeremy Man Ho , Liu Kang , Dee Edward Christopher , Ng Kenrick , Liu Tong , Tse Gary , Ng Chi Fai
Published: May 2023

Our study investigated how adverse cardiovascular outcomes are impacted by cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with prostate cancer treated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Using prospective, population‐based data, all Hong Kong patients with prostate cancer who received ADT during 1 January 1993 to 3 March 2021 were identified and followed up for the endpoint of cardiovascular hospitalization/mortality until 31 September 2021, whichever earlier. Multivariable competing risk regression was used to compare the endpoint's cumulative incidence between different combinations of major cardiovascular comorbidities (heart failure [HF], myocardial infarction [MI], stroke and/or arrhythmia), with noncardiovascular death as competing event. Altogether, 13 537 patients were included (median age 75.9 [interquartile range 70.0‐81.5] years old; median follow‐up 3.3 [1.5‐6.7] years). Compared to those with none of prior HF/MI/stroke/arrhythmia, the incidence of the endpoint was not different in those with only stroke (subhazard ratio [SHR] 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92‐1.23], P = .391), but was higher in those with only HF (SHR 1.67 [1.37‐2.02], P < .001), arrhythmia (SHR 1.63 [1.35‐1.98], P < .001) or MI (SHR 1.43 [1.14‐1.79], P = .002). Those with ≥2 of HF/MI/stroke/arrhythmia had the highest incidence of the endpoint (SHR 1.94 [1.62‐2.33], P < .001), among whom different major cardiovascular comorbidities had similar prognostic impacts, with the number of comorbidities present being significantly prognostic instead. In conclusion, in patients with prostate cancer receiving ADT, the sole presence of HF, MI or arrhythmia, but not stroke, may be associated with elevated cardiovascular risks. In those with ≥2 of HF/MI/stroke/arrhythmia, the number of major cardiovascular comorbidities may be prognostically more important than the type of comorbidities.
Sarcopenia and noncoding RNAs: A comprehensive review
Authors: Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh , Askari Arian , Mahmud Hussen Bashdar , Taheri Mohammad , Kiani Arda
Published: May 2023

Sarcopenia is an elderly disease and is related to frailty and loss of muscle mass (atrophy) of older adults. The exact molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of disease are yet to be discovered. In recent years, the role of noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of almost every kind of malignant and nonmalignant conditions is pinpointed. Regarding their regulatory function, there have been an increased number of studies on the role of noncoding RNAs in the progress of sarcopenia. In this manuscript, we review the role of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in development and progression of disease. We also discuss their potential as therapeutic targets in this condition.
POT1 mutations cause differential effects on telomere length leading to opposing disease phenotypes
Authors: Zade Nikita Harish , Khattar Ekta
Published: May 2023

The protection of telomere protein (POT1) is a telomere‐binding protein and is an essential component of the six‐membered shelterin complex, which is associated with the telomeres. POT1 directly binds to the 3′ single‐stranded telomeric overhang and prevents the activation of DNA damage response at telomeres thus preventing the telomere–telomere fusions and genomic instability. POT1 also plays a pivotal role in maintaining telomere length by regulating telomerase‐mediated telomere elongation. Mutations in POT1 proteins result in three different telomere phenotypes, which include long, short, or aberrant telomere length. Long telomeres predispose individuals to cancer, while short or aberrant telomere phenotypes result in pro‐aging diseases referred to as telomeropathies. Here, we review the function of POT1 proteins in telomere length hemostasis and how the spectrum of mutations reported in POT1 can be segregated toward developing very distinct disease phenotypes of cancer and telomeropathies.
Fine‐tuning osteoclastogenesis: An insight into the cellular and molecular regulation of osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Anwar Aleena , Sapra Leena , Gupta Navita , Ojha Rudra P. , Verma Bhupendra , Srivastava Rupesh K.
Published: May 2023

Osteoclasts, the bone‐resorbing cells, are essential for the bone remodeling process and are involved in the pathophysiology of several bone‐related diseases. The extensive corpus of in vitro research and crucial mouse model studies in the 1990s demonstrated the key roles of monocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and integrin αvβ3 in osteoclast biology. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which these variables control osteoclast differentiation and function has significantly advanced in the first decade of this century. Recent developments have revealed a number of novel insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing the differentiation and functional activity of osteoclasts; however, these mechanisms have not yet been adequately documented. Thus, in the present review, we discuss various regulatory factors including local and hormonal factors, innate as well as adaptive immune cells, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), etc., in the molecular regulation of the intricate and tightly regulated process of osteoclastogenesis. ncRNAs have a critical role as epigenetic controllers of osteoclast physiologic activities, including differentiation and bone resorption. The primary ncRNAs, which include micro‐RNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, form a complex network that affects gene transcription activities associated with osteoclast biological activity. Greater knowledge of the involvement of ncRNAs in osteoclast biological activities will contribute to the treatment and management of several skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Moreover, we further outline potential therapies targeting these regulatory pathways of osteoclastogenesis in distinct bone pathologies.
Polynomial bounds for chromatic number VII. Disjoint holes
Authors: Chudnovsky Maria , Scott Alex , Seymour Paul , Spirkl Sophie
Published: May 2023

A hole in a graph is an induced cycle of length at least four, and a ‐multihole in is the union of pairwise disjoint and nonneighbouring holes. It is well known that if does not contain any holes then its chromatic number is equal to its clique number. In this paper we show that, for any integer , if does not contain a ‐multihole, then its chromatic number is at most a polynomial function of its clique number. We show that the same result holds if we ask for all the holes to be odd or of length four; and if we ask for the holes to be longer than any fixed constant or of length four. This is part of a broader study of graph classes that are polynomially ‐bounded.
The impact of changes in steering patterns on the probability of hurricanes making landfall in the New York City area
Authors: Becker Stefan , Becker Tyler
Published: May 2023

We investigated the variability of annual frequencies of upper air steering patterns that were similar to the one that resulted in the recurvature of Hurricane Sandy's track towards the US east coast in 2012. The analyses showed that such steering patterns could occur over 50 times yearly, with higher probabilities in the colder season. The frequencies of these events have decreased since the beginning of the observations in 1979; however, this trend has reversed in the past 10–15 years. These trends are aligned with trends in the intensity of the negative phase North Atlantic Oscillation and the positive phase of the Southern Oscillation Index. In addition to the long‐term trends, we observed a significant periodicity in the annual frequencies of the steering pattern around 6–8 years. Combining the probabilities of relevant steering patterns with the probabilities of hurricanes per season in the relevant domain led to the conclusion that the overall probability of events like Sandy increased from approximately 0.26% in 1979 (0.48 days) to 0.45% (0.81 days) per season since 1979.
How does human relations climate and organizational support affect readiness to change? The mediating role of employee participation and leadership excellence
Authors: Mumtaz Sana , Selvarajah Christopher , Meyer Denny
Published: May 2023

The emerging competitiveness in the external environment and persistent need for adaptation have led organizations to recognize the essence of successful readiness to change. While individual and organizational outcomes of readiness to change have been discussed in the existing literature, a lack of clarity exists regarding how individuals embrace readiness for change. Using the social exchange theory, this empirical research examines the impact of perceived organizational support and human relations climate on individual readiness for change. The research also incorporates the intervening role of employee participation and leadership excellence for understanding the indirect effects. Hypotheses regarding the relationship between the key variables were tested through a structural equation model on a sample consisting of 284 respondents from managerial‐level employees in organizations from Pakistan. The findings suggested a positive impact of human relations climate on readiness to change. In addition to the direct effects, indirect effects via employee participation and leadership excellence were found to be significant on readiness to change. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications of the study along with suggestions for improvement are also elaborated.
Preparation and adsorption behavior of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide modified carrageenan hydrogel beads with remarkable removal efficiency and thermostability in water
Authors: Sun Aijing , Yang Duoping
Published: May 2023

In this study, water‐soluble polymer carrageenan (CAR) was cross‐linked by dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in an aqueous solution for the preparation of gel beads, which can be used for removal of methylene blue (MB). The combination of DTAB and CAR was validated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while the folded surface was characterized by scanning electron microscope. DTAB can be used as a modifier of CAR for promoting the hydrophobicity and stability of hydrogel beads, which even withstood 70°C in water for 24 h without dissociation. The best removal efficiency was achieved 99.6% in 100 mg L−1 MB aqueous solution by CAR‐0.5DTAB, and the maximum adsorption capacity of CAR‐1.5DTAB at 30°C reached 38.6 mg g−1 by wet weight (weight of gel beads in wet condition) in 2000 mg L−1 MB aqueous solution. The CAR‐DTAB adsorption behavior was best fitted with pseudo‐first‐order and Langmuir equations, respectively. The exothermic nature and spontaneity of adsorption process were proved by thermodynamic experiment. Reusability studies revealed that the adsorption performance displayed almost no change after 10 cycles of adsorption/desorption process. The properties of CAR‐DTAB in this research proposed a facile way to prepare stable CAR composite by cross‐linking with quaternary ammonium surfactant.
Propensity‐score matched analysis of the pathologic outcomes and survival benefits of neoadjuvant therapy in stage II–III anal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Zhou Peige , Wexner Steven D.
Published: May 2023

Background

Anal adenocarcinomas are a rare condition which account for less than 10% of anal cancers. The present study aimed to assess the impact of neoadjuvant therapy on the clinical and pathologic outcomes and overall survival (OS) of patients with stage II–III anal adenocarcinomas after abdominoperineal resection (APR).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients with anal adenocarcinoma in the US National Cancer Database (NCDB) (2010–2020) was conducted. Propensity‐score matching was used to compare patients who received neoadjuvant therapy (neoadjuvant therapy group) to the no‐neoadjuvant group. The primary outcome was 5‐year OS whereas secondary outcomes included conversion to open surgery, hospital stay, surgical margins, 30‐day mortality, 90‐day mortality, and 30‐day readmission.

Results

A total of 742 patients (56% male) with a mean age of 63.6 ± 12.4 years were included. A total of 214 patients in the neoadjuvant group were matched with 107 in the no‐neoadjuvant group. The mean OS was similar between the two groups (47.5 vs. 44.8 months, p = 0.253). Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy had a longer median time between diagnosis and surgery (151 vs. 54 days, p < 0.001), lower 90‐day mortality (1.9% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.046), more pT0 tumors (15.7% vs. 0%), less pT3‐4 tumors (28.4% vs. 36.4%, p = 0.001), less pN1‐2 tumors (22.9% vs. 34.7%, p < 0.001), and less lymphovascular invasion (16.2% vs. 40%, p < 0.001) than the no‐neoadjuvant group. Both groups had similar conversion rates, hospital stay, 30‐day mortality, 30‐day readmission, and positive surgical margins.

Conclusions

Neoadjuvant therapy before APR was associated with significant downstaging of anal adenocarcinomas and lower 90‐day mortality, yet similar OS to patients who were surgically treated without neoadjuvant treatment.
Reduction in hospitalisations with dupilumab in Japanese adults with atopic dermatitis in a real‐world setting
Authors: Igawa Ken , Fujita Hiroyuki , Tajima Yuki , Lubwama Robert , Daoud Moataz , Wang Zhixiao , Arima Kazuhiko
Published: May 2023

Background

In a recent post hoc analysis of multinational clinical trial data, dupilumab treatment for patients with moderate or severe atopic dermatitis (AD) reduced all‐cause and AD‐related hospitalisations.

Objectives

We studied the impact of dupilumab on health care resource utilisation (HCRU) and AD medication by comparing use during the 6 months either side of starting dupilumab (index) in a real‐world setting.

Methods

This observational, retrospective, cohort study used Japanese hospital claims data (1 April 2018 to 28 February 2019). A total of 357 patients (mean [range] age 45 [15–92] years; 65.5% male) with ≥1 AD diagnosis and ≥1 dupilumab prescription were included. Outcome variables included AD treatments and HCRU during the 6 months pre‐ and post‐index.

Results

The number of all‐cause hospitalisations decreased by 43.1% (from 51 in the 6 months before to 29 in the 6 months after dupilumab initiation), with a 96.0% reduction in skin/subcutaneous tissue disease‐related hospitalisations (25 to 1). Use of nonsteroidal systemic immunosuppressants, phototherapy and systemic corticosteroids decreased (by 59.8%, 59.5% and 30.6%, respectively) after dupilumab initiation. At 180 days after dupilumab initiation, 86.8% of patients were still taking dupilumab.

Conclusions

Overall, these results suggest that dupilumab can reduce skin/soft tissue‐related hospitalisations and use of various other AD medications in a real‐world setting.
Optimization models for member firms selection to build an embedded innovation ecosystem
Authors: Zhang Kuncan
Published: May 2023

Innovation is important for large enterprises to maintain and enhance their competitive advantages. Large enterprises can build strategic embedded relationships with a plenty of innovation technology enterprises via resources empowering and foster a new type of innovation ecosystem, namely, embedded innovation ecosystem. We decompose this decision‐making into two stages and first establish an optimization model to describe how focal firms select the innovation directions, that is, which market segment to invest in. We then construct a two‐layer planning model to describe how focal firms select member firms with an appropriate innovation level in a given innovation direction.