bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT THE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Ladonina Elena Yu. , Sytina Nadezhda A.
Published: January 2024

Background. In this article the authors present a comprehensive review of selected empirical developments on artificial intelligence in education, research on some artificial intelligence technologies and applications, and analyze their potential benefits for the educational process. They also identify the need in the formation of new educational competencies among students, in particular linguo-digital, caused by the modern labor market requirements, and consider the application of the foreign universities experience in relation to the use of artificial intelligence tools in education.

Purpose. The article aims to identify the potential of artificial intelligence in the formation of digital competencies among students in teaching a foreign language.

Materials and methods. The research study is based on theoretical and experimental methods along with quantitative evaluation method, to conduct this study.

Results. The authors focus on the term “linguo-digital competence” as a component of digital competence. Teaching experience demonstrates that multilingual education of students requires digitalization of professional training. It improves their skills in use of artificial technologies in studies of a foreign language, helping to develop professional as well as personal competences.

Practical implications. The result of the study is recommendations on the methodology for introducing digital technologies into the educational process when teaching a foreign language at a university.
EVALUATION TYPES OF THE ACTIVITIES OF PROFESSORS IN HIGHER EDUCATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE USA AND THE GREAT BRITAIN)
Authors: Rumyantseva Olesya
Published: January 2024

Evaluation of the activities of higher education teachers is an important component of the education system in many countries, including the US and the UK. While maintaining differences in system-wide approaches, teacher assessment in the US and the UK has similar goals based on ensuring the quality of teaching and stimulating professional growth. We found that in countries such as the US and the UK, different assessment approaches are used, such as student assessment of teachers, class analysis, their scientific contribution, administrative work assessment, but more detailed analysis of teachers’ performance is often practiced. In the USA, for example, teachers are given separate goals and objectives, expected results from them, and even contracts are signed. Teachers are also evaluated using special algorithms that take into account both quantitative and qualitative parameters. In the UK, in addition to the above methods, you can add an assessment of services and services, an assessment of his international experience. The findings allow us to talk about a multifaceted, complex, not always objective assessment of the activities of university teachers in the countries under consideration, which still requires modernization for more efficient use.
Professional and personal development of the university teacher: target guidelines, phases and conditions of the educational environment
Authors: Khodyakova Nataliya , Khodyakov Dmitriy
Published: January 2024

The article, from the points of view of different groups of subjects of domestic higher education (society, the state, representatives of the vocational and pedagogical community of teachers, students and students), analyzes current ideas about the ideal teacher of an educational organization of higher education, which can serve as a guide for a modern university teacher in choosing the goals and content of his professional and personal growth. The results obtained as a result of theoretical analysis and empirical studies are summarized and systematized according to two groups of characteristics: business qualities and personal qualities of a university teacher. As the invariant professional and personal quality of the teacher, his continuous professional and personal growth (development) is distinguished. Based on the situational-environmental approach, the pedagogical design of personal-developing educational systems characterized two qualitatively different phases of the cycle of professional-personal development of the teacher: 1) the phase of its adaptation and independent activity in the educational environment of the university; 2) the phase of development of professional and personal position and innovative activities in the educational environment. The environmental stimuli and opportunities required by the teacher for development at each phase are considered. The risks of maladaptation of a specialist teacher corresponding to these phases have been identified and described, which should be eliminated by means of managerial pedagogical support and special design of elements of the educational environment.
PROFESSIONAL SELF-AWARENESS OF CADETS OF THE MINISTRY OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF RUSSIA AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Zemskova Anna
Published: January 2024

The formed professional self-awareness of cadets determines their successful professional activities in the future. One of the important indicators of professional self-awareness is the image of the profession, which is formed during the process of studying at a university through the acquisition of new knowledge about the profession, the process of internalization of the professional role and seeing oneself in the context of the image of one’s profession. In this study, the main emphasis is on studying changes in the ideas of cadets of the Far Eastern Fire and Rescue Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia about the profession of a firefighter at different stages of training. To study the cadets' ideas about the firefighter profession, a semantic differential scale was developed aimed at determining the image of the profession. Changes in the structure of cadets' professional self-awareness were identified. For junior students, the characteristics of stability, prospects for career growth, demand in the distant future, prestige, modernity, satisfaction, emotionality, and interest are of great importance. In senior years, the idea of a profession is more specific, characterized by technological and practical features, such as “multilateral”, “diverse”, “technical”, “managing”, “meaningful”, “dirty”, “connected with people”, “unemotional”.
Formation of professional competencies of specialists and employment: points of contact in the digital economy
Authors: Lapushinskaya Galina , Zybin Dmitry , Antonovskiy Aleksandr
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the issues of formation of professional digital competencies among specialists in the context of employment in the digital economy. Realizing the importance of the orientation of professional training to meet the needs of the digital economy, significant emphasis is being placed in educational practice today on the formation of digital competencies among specialists. Considering that the beginning of the development of the vocational training program and the time of employment of specialists are separated in time, the possession of digital competencies formed by the student should take into account various aspects: the level of its development will be assessed by the student only during subsequent employment and work with appropriate resources and the execution of instructions from management using various services; for the implementation of the professional education program by the educational institution itself, such digital competencies are often needed among students who support the implementation of the educational process, and are not focused on the result being formed; in the conditions of the transition of software to domestic software products, the list of information systems that should be familiar to the graduate, the future specialist, will constantly change; views on subsequent employment may significantly change the readiness of students to master professional digital competencies; the expectations from the development of professional digital competencies among the students themselves may not coincide with what the educational institution itself has put into the educational program. It is advisable to create prerequisites for continuing professional education, within which the formation and development of new knowledge, skills, skills, competencies occurs on a regular basis both during the development of the main professional direction (strengthening it, and not replacing it with the choice of another field of activity), and during its implementation during subsequent employment and building a professional career.
The influence of length of service on stress resistance, coping behavior strategies and career orientations of police officers
Authors: Kobozev Igor' , Lebedeva Maria
Published: January 2024

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the high stress level of the work activities of employees of internal affairs bodies and especially heads of departments, who bear a large burden of responsibility both for their subordinates and for the success and efficiency of the department as a whole. The main goal of this study is to study changes in stress resistance, coping behavior strategies and career orientations of heads of internal affairs bodies with different length of service in a leadership position in conditions of highly stressful work activities. To achieve the goal of the study, 276 heads of internal affairs bodies were examined, divided into three groups according to length of service in a leadership position. The main psychodiagnostic tools were the “Prognoz-2” method for studying neuropsychic stability, the SRRSYu scale for assessing stress resistance and social adaptation, the SACS method for studying leading coping behavior strategies, and the “Career Anchors” questionnaire. According to the results of the study, a decrease in the stress resistance of heads of internal affairs bodies was established when they reach more than 10 years of service in a leadership position; there is also an increase in professionalism, independence and confidence in their actions, while at the same time a decrease in reliance on the social environment and the desire to maintain the current situation. Managers with a high intensity of professional stress have a predominant focus on work activity and the stability of their official position to the detriment of other areas of life, with a decrease in reliance on the social environment, which causes a decrease in stress resistance and an increase in the level of professional stress and neuropsychic tension. The results obtained indicate the need for targeted psychological work with heads of internal affairs bodies with more than 10 years of service, aimed at improving social adaptation and correcting career orientations in order to reduce the level of professional stress and neuropsychic tension.
Kobiety w polityce : Perspektywa wieków XX i XXI
Authors: Banaś Monika , Jakimowicz-Pisarska Iwona
Published: January 2024

Publikacja jest kontynuacją rozważań podjętych w dwóch wcześniejszych monografiach wieloautorskich: Kobiety w polityce (2017) oraz Kobiety w polityce. Sfera publiczna (2020). Obecne wydanie skupia się na przedmiotowej kwestii z perspektywy XX wieku, rzucającej światło na pierwszą połowę XXI stulecia. Czy będzie ona należała do kobiet? Byłoby to wysoce wskazane, zwłaszcza w kontekście społecznych niepokojów, politycznych turbulencji oraz trwających krwawych konfliktów, obejmujących zasięgiem coraz większe obszary naszego globu. Konfliktów generowanych, reżyserowanych i prowadzonych przez męską część politycznych aktorów. Obecność kobiet w polityce każdego szczebla, z podkreśleniem tego najwyższego, wydaje się zatem koniecznością, a nie tylko modą, kurtuazją czy fanaberią.
Męska rewolucja? Udział kobiet w ruchu dysydenckim w Czechosłowacji
Authors: Czyżniewski Marcin
Published: January 2024

The opposition movement in communist Czechoslovakia, including its breakthrough known as the Velvet Revolution, seems to have been dominated by men: leaders, speakers, creators, committed intellectuals and prisoners. However, women played an important role in the organisation and activities of the opposition movement. They were among the most active participants of this movement throughout its existence. So why did the image of the ‘male revolution’ remain so enduring and timeless? The most important reason is that the dissident movement reflected the patriarchal nature of the Czechoslovak society of that time. The women themselves supported this notion, believing that the most important task was to fight for a change of the political system, and the issues of women’s rights were of secondary importance. Researchers also note that they underestimated their role and influence on events and even years later claimed that they did not do anything important.
Nataša Pirc Musar, pierwsza prezydentka republiki Słowenii – w realiach ustrojowych i politycznych
Authors: Bujwid-Kurek Ewa
Published: January 2024

In the article entitled: ‘Nataša Pirc Musar, the First Female President of the Republic of Slovenia in the Political and Systemic Circumstances’, attention was drawn to the fact that for the first time in the history of the Republic of Slovenia, a woman – Nataša Pirc Musar – has been the president of the state since December 22, 2022. The main research objective is to try to answer the question of what contributed to her success. Attention was paid to, firstly; the systemic and constitutional conditions of the Republic of Slovenia, secondly; the political contexts, third; her biography and political credo. The conducted analysis led to the conclusion that indeed in Slovenia ‘the time has come for women in politics’. Nataša Pirc Musar is a woman with legal education, giving her extensive experience both professionally and in organisational and social activities. She is an advocate for human rights, individual dignity, freedom, equality, justice and tolerance. This may be a president whom history will remember as politically wise, diplomatically prudent, a woman who soothes all political disputes – a politician representing the Republic of Slovenia well.
Marketing Communication and Mobile Advertising for Sustainability: An Analysis of Consumer Attitudes and Motivations
Authors: Meybodi Alireza Rajabipoor , Tajpour Mehdi , Hosseini Elahe , Agheli Meysam
Published: January 2024

All companies, regardless of their sector, can take measures to contribute to sustainability, one of these measures consists of their communication strategies to promote responsible consumption among their consumers. That’s why, the present study investigates the impact of marketing communications on customers' attitudes towards mobile advertising with the mediate of motivation. The statistical population includes all customers of Chain Stores located in Tehran. A standardized 28-item questionnaire with 5-point Likert Scale was applied for data collection and the sample size was estimated to be 196 people considering the population limitations. In order to analyze data, partial least squares structural equation modeling was applied using smart PLS 3. The results showed consumers need an intrinsic agreement and they hardly accept the information that disagrees with their beliefs. That’s why marketers who tend to confirm individuals’ attitudes should use highly valuable resources for advertisements. In conclusion, customers' trust in advertising can lead to their loyalty and increase profitability for chain store. It will also lead to greater competition among chain stores in sustainability and dynamic environmental conditions.
Ausência
Authors: Kurz Rudolf Alois
Published: January 2024

Ausência surge a partir da ideia de registrar a perda através dos indícios de memória deixados na antiga sede do Museu do Pontal, atingida diversas vezes por alagamentos. As marcas de poeira e o espaço vazio testemunham o que se foi, reafirmando a relação entre ausência e presença, memória e esquecimento.
Tenosynovitis of hand: Causes and complications
Authors: Muthu Sathish , Annamalai Saravanan , Kandasamy Velmurugan
Published: January 2024

Tenosynovitis represents a common clinical condition characterized by inflammation of the synovium that encases the tendon sheath. Although tenosynovities may be noted in any tendon in the body, extremities such as hand, and foot remain the sites of high predilection to acquire this condition. The predominant cause of this predilection rests in the intricate tendon arrangements in these extremities that permit fine motor actions. This editorial explores the common causes and the complications associated with this condition to improve the understanding of the readers of this common condition encountered in our everyday clinical practice.
Mechanical upper bowel obstruction caused by a large trichobezoar in a young woman: A very unusual case report
Authors: Scherrer Magdalena , Kornprat Peter , Sucher Robert , Muehlsteiner Johanna , Wagner Doris
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Bezoars usually compile human fibers and debris. A special form of bezoar in case of psychologically altered individuals is the trichobezoar. It consists of voluntarily swallowed hair bulks and is normally removed via gastroscopy. Trichobezoars leading to ileus have rarely been reported.

CASE SUMMARY

A 24-year-old female patient presented to the emergency room with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for 3 d. Her previous medical and psychiatric history was unremarkable. Laboratory analysis showed iron deficiency anemia, leukocytosis, and elevated liver enzymes. An abdominal CT scan revealed a dense structure in the patients’ stomach which turned out to be a huge trichobezoar completely obstructing the pylorus. The trichobezoar had to be removed surgically. During her postoperative course, a subcutaneous seroma formed. After a single puncture, the rest of the recovery process was unremarkable, and the patient recovered fully.

CONCLUSION

A mechanical bowel obstruction is a potentially life-threatening event for every patient. In our case a young female was suffering from severe symptoms of an obstruction which might have resulted in serious harm without successful surgical management.
Rupture of a giant jejunal mesenteric cystic lymphangioma misdiagnosed as ovarian torsion: A case report
Authors: Xu Jing , Lv Tie-Feng
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Cystic lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor that affects the lymphatic system. Mesenteric lymphangiomas in the small bowel are extremely uncommon.

CASE SUMMARY

We present a 21-year-old female patient who complained of abdominal pain. The diagnosis of ovarian torsion was suspected after abdominopelvic unenhanced computed tomography and ultrasound revealed a large cyst in contact with the bladder, ovary, and uterus. The patient underwent emergency laparotomy performed by gynecologists, but it was discovered that the cystic tumor originated from the jejunum. Gastrointestinal surgeons were then called in to perform a cystectomy. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma of the mesentery. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery.

CONCLUSION

Mesenteric lymphangiomas can cause abdominal pain, and imaging techniques can help determine their characteristics, location, and size. Complete surgical excision and pathological examination are considered the standard treatment and diagnostic method.
LA VISIÓN E HISTORIA DE ETA EN EL NO-DO Y TVE (1970-1978)
Authors: GARCÍA VARELA PABLO
Published: January 2024

El Noticiario Cinematográfico Español, más conocido como NO-DO, es una fuente de información de gran utilidad para el conocimiento de la historia contemporánea de nuestro país. Precisamente el objetivo de este artículo es explicar cómo este noticiario semanal mostró a la sociedad española la existencia de la organización terrorista nacionalista vasca Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA). De esta forma, tendremos una visión audiovisual del conflicto vasco, que es fundamental para la divulgación de este -especialmente entre los jóvenes-, pues este tipo de contenidos les resultan más atractivos; además, puntualmente, se complementará el análisis del noticiario del NO-DO con algunos reportajes del programa Informe Semanal producido por Televisión Española (TVE). El potencial del NO-DO ha sido desaprovechado en determinadas ocasiones, por ciertos prejuicios en su utilización como fuente histórica por el carácter sesgado de la información y por su contenido ideológico.
LA REPRESENTACIÓN DEL FESTIVAL INTERNACIONAL DE TEATRO CLÁSICO DE MÉRIDA EN EL NO-DO
Authors: GONZÁLEZ DELGADO ANA
Published: January 2024

El artículo indaga sobre la representación que hicieron los noticiarios del NO-DO sobre el Festival Internacional de Teatro Clásico de Mérida en tres décadas distintas, y se desvela en profundidad la imagen que reflejaron sobre esta cita a través de las informaciones emitidas durante el Franquismo entre los años 1959 y 1975, con la difusión de 9 reportajes que nos otorgan un material imprescindible para conocer en profundidad cómo funcionaba durante la dictadura este encuentro cultural extremeño. Con el empleo de una metodología cualitativa se ha hallado, tras el visionado de todos los reportajes, un yacimiento de datos y anécdotas que nos acercan al desarrollo de este evento con imágenes de gran interés y que expresan la capacidad de divulgación que tenía ya este certamen durante las décadas de los años 50, 60 y 70, utilizada hábilmente por la dictadura para ofrecer una imagen amable del trascurso de la vida de los españoles. Actores relevantes como Francisco Rabal, Gemma Cuervo o José María Rodero son los protagonistas de las imágenes que se filmaron y que se propagaron en este documento visual. Un registro audiovisual imprescindible para conocer cómo se asentó esta manifestación teatral en todo el país, así como la información teatral que se desvela en cada noticiario, ya que era la única fuente informativa que los españoles veían cada semana en los cines.
Ridley Scott, Napoleón y el cine histórico
Authors: Barrenetxea Marañón Igor
Published: January 2024

Debate sobre al estreno de la película Napoleón (Ridley Scott, 2023)
Un fallido biopic histórico en Napoleón (Ridley Scott, USA, 2023)
Authors: Barrenetxea Marañón Igor
Published: January 2024

Cine actual
EL NO-DO Y LA CELEBRACIÓN DEL CONGRESO EUCARÍSTICO INTERNACIONAL DE BARCELONA EN 1952
Authors: GIL PARDO CARME
Published: January 2024

Cada vez cobra más importancia entre los historiadores la valiosa aportación histórica que nos proporcionan los reportajes del Noticiario Español NO-DO nacido en 1943, del cual este año celebramos sus ochenta años. El análisis que ofrece este trabajo quiere mostrar la trascendencia e influencia del NO-DO en aquella sociedad gobernada por un régimen dictatorial como era el franquista, partiendo de un caso de estudio concreto: la representación que tuvo el XXXV Congreso Eucarístico Internacional en las imágenes del noticiario, grabadas hace 71 años en Barcelona, en el año 1952. Este acto no solamente supuso la primera obertura del Régimen franquista al mundo exterior, sino también la transformación de la Ciudad Condal en cuanto a viviendas se refiere. El Congreso Eucarístico Internacional quiso perpetuar su memoria construyendo una nueva barriada: las Viviendas del Congreso Eucarístico, la cual supuso el derribo de las barracas situadas en la Avenida de la Diagonal, lugar donde se celebraría el último acto religioso del Congreso. A pesar de todo, el NO-DO difundió su particular visión de los hechos, mostrando unas cosas pero a la vez ocultando otras, y por lo tanto el presente artículo se centra en conocer qué elementos grabaron las cámaras del noticiario sobre un evento que fue tan importante para el Nacionalcatolicismo y qué discurso oficial se sostuvo, contraponiéndolo a una visión crítica para identificar los elementos que se obviaron o manipularon y los silencios que hubo.
La crianza positiva: nuevos retos del Trabajo Social. Generación de espacios libres de violencia.
Authors: Acevedo Alemán Jesús
Published: January 2024

Ante un mundo frenético y permeado por una cultura de violencia en diferentes niveles y contextos, incluyendo los educativos y familiares, las prácticas de crianza positiva se instalan como un bastión de las formas de corrección y educación infantil libres de todo tipo de agresión. En tal sentido, el objetivo del presente artículo es situar la reflexión en la crianza positiva como parte de una educación basada en el estímulo y en el empoderamiento del respeto mutuo. Para ello se realizó una investigación documental en la cual se consultaron fuentes principales y disponibles vinculadas con violencia, disciplina no violenta, Trabajo Social y crianza positiva; utilizando distintos buscadores y metabuscadores para efectuar la construcción de los argumentos correspondientes. Se concluye que los/las profesionales del ámbito de la intervención social -incluyendo al Trabajo Social-, padres, madres, cuidadores/as o tutores/as, deberán habilitarse en reconocer dichas prácticas disciplinarias no agresivas, encaminadas hacia una educación positiva ante el inadecuado comportamiento de los niños, niñas o adolescentes, como parte de la construcción de ecosistemas libres de cualquier tipo de hostilidad y violencia.
El doble en Juan Ramón Jiménez
Authors: Olivé Laia
Published: January 2024

RESUMEN: Aunque poco tratado en la investigación, el doble es un motivo recurrente en Juan Ramón Jiménez. Este artículo estudia cómo se manifiesta y desarrolla el otro, tanto en el verso como en la prosa juanramoniana, a partir de las teorías de mayor caudal al respecto. Desde esta base, proponemos algunas figuras del Doppelgänger características del poeta y el deseo de su superación expresado por su yo lírico mediante la propia unidad de uno mismo, la cual parece alcanzar en Animal de fondo (1949) para luego truncarse en Espacio (1954). RESUMEN: Aunque poco tratado en la investigación, el doble es un motivo recurrente en Juan Ramón Jiménez. Este artículo estudia cómo se manifiesta y desarrolla el otro tanto en el verso como en la prosa juanramoniana a partir de las teorías de más caudal al respecto. Desde esta base, proponemos algunas figuras del Doppelgänger propias del poeta y el deseo de su superación expresado por su yo lírico mediante la unidad de uno mismo, la cual parece alcanzar en Animal de fondo (1949) para luego truncarse en Espacio (1954). Abstract: Although not widely treated in research, the motif of the double is a recurring theme in Juan Ramón Jiménez. This article studies the manifestation and development of the Other in Jiménez's verse and prose, beginning with the main theories about it. Taking this as the foundation, we suggest some doppelgänger figures from Juan Ramón and the desire to overcome them through unity, which is expressed by his poetic I. This seems to take place in Animal de fondo (1949), though it turns out to fail in Espacio (1954).
Fatos são palavras ditas pelo mundo": Contendas da escrita e ressignificação do real em A hora da estrela de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Pontes Renata
Published: January 2024

RESUMO: Neste ensaio, eu exploro o potencial político do ato de escrever sobre o escrever que Clarice Lispector mobiliza em A hora da estrela (1977). Acompanhando de perto a trajetória da protagonista Macabéa, eu especulo sobre a aproximação desse texto ao conceito de "imanência absoluta", que identifica o não existe em algo e não é imanência a algo, o que não depende de um objeto e não pertence a um sujeito. Ao colocar em prática uma democracia literária e submergir a literatura em um jogo de ambiguidades e contradições que constituem o prazer do texto, Lispector nega a estética de denúncia e a épica do marginalizado próprias do romance social brasileiro e forja outra noção do real, através de uma história e uma narração dissonantes. Invisível, impessoal e finalmente orgânica, Macabéa alcança o sentido de falta que a narração pretende emular e se converte em agente singular da literatura e instrumento coletivo de enunciação. RESUMO: Neste ensaio, eu exploro o potencial político do ato de escrever sobre o escrever que Clarice Lispector mobiliza em A hora da estrela (1977). Acompanhando de perto a trajetória da protagonista Macabéa, eu especulo sobre a aproximação desse texto ao conceito de "imanência absoluta", que identifica o não existe em algo e não é imanência a algo, o que não depende de um objeto e não pertence a um sujeito. Ao colocar em prática uma democracia literária e submergir a literatura em um jogo de ambiguidades e contradições que constituem o prazer do texto, Lispector nega a estética de denúncia e a épica do marginalizado próprias do romance social brasileiro e forja outra noção do real, através de uma história e uma narração dissonantes. Invisível, impessoal e finalmente orgânica, Macabéa alcança o sentido de falta que a narração pretende emular e se converte em agente singular da literatura e instrumento coletivo de enunciação. Abstract: In this essay, I explore the political potential of the act of writing about writing that Clarice Lispector mobilizes in A hora da estrela (1977). By closely following the trajectory of the protagonist Macabéa, I speculate on the approximation of this text to the concept of "absolute immanence," which identifies what does not exist in something and is not immanent to something, what does not depend on an object and does not belong to a subject. By practicing a literary democracy and submerging literature in a game of ambiguities and contradictions that constitute the pleasure of the text, Lispector denies the aesthetics of denunciation and the epic of the marginalized typical of the Brazilian social novel and forges another notion of realism through a dissonant story and narration. Invisible, impersonal, and finally organic, Macabéa achieves the sense of lack that the narration intends to emulate and becomes a singular agent of literature and a collective instrument of enunciation.
Assessing cell viability with dynamic optical coherence microscopy
Authors: Liu Chao J. , Smith Jason T. , Wang Yuanbo , Ouellette Jonathan N. , Rogers Jeremy D. , Oliner Jonathan D. , Szulczewski Michael , Wait Eric , Brown William , Wax Adam , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Rafter John
Published: January 2024

Assessing cell viability is important in many fields of research.
Current optical methods to assess cell viability typically involve
fluorescent dyes, which are often less reliable and have poor
permeability in primary tissues. Dynamic optical coherence microscopy
(dOCM) is an emerging tool that provides label-free contrast
reflecting changes in cellular metabolism. In this work, we compare
the live contrast obtained from dOCM to viability dyes, and for the
first time to our knowledge, demonstrate that dOCM can distinguish
live cells from dead cells in murine syngeneic tumors. We further
demonstrate a strong correlation between dOCM live contrast and
optical redox ratio by metabolic imaging in primary mouse liver
tissue. The dOCM technique opens a new avenue to apply label-free
imaging to assess the effects of immuno-oncology agents, targeted
therapies, chemotherapy, and cell therapies using live tumor
tissues.
Design model of a twisted and folded Clos network with multi-step grouped intermediate switches guaranteeing admissible blocking probability
Authors: Taka Haruto , Inoue Takeru , Oki Eiji
Published: January 2024

A future data center network is expected to be constructed by a Clos network consisting of optical-circuit switches to deal with traffic growth. A previous model addressed a Clos-network design problem that divides the set of intermediate switches by each role for request routing to guarantee an admissible blocking probability to maximize the switching capacity. However, the previous model divides the set of intermediate switches into at most only two groups, and there is room for a more flexible design by increasing the number of divisions. This paper proposes a design model that generalizes the number of divisions to increase the switching capacity while guaranteeing an admissible blocking probability. We formulate the design model as an optimization problem. We introduce two algorithms to obtain a feasible solution that satisfies the constraints of the optimization problem. Numerical results showed that the proposed model can increase the switching capacity as the number of divisions increases.
Theory of four wave mixing-based parametric amplification of spin-orbit modes
Authors: Elder Henry F. , Dacha Sai Kanth , Murphy Thomas E. , Sprangle Phillip
Published: January 2024

We study the generation of spin-orbit (SO) modes via four-wave mixing (FWM)-based parametric amplification. SO modes carry quantized total angular momentum (TAM), and we show that FWM processes that generate new signals conserve TAM. This is a generalization of prior research which operated in a regime where FWM processes conserved spin and orbital angular momenta independently. We calculate the growth rates of new modes for both degenerate and nondegenerate pump configurations. Our theory is validated against numerical simulations for the cases where the generated signals are in the same SO mode(s) as the pump(s). We also calculate the growth rates of signals in SO modes other than the pumps.
Resolution-increased fiber-optic strain sensor with a large dynamic range driven by white light
Authors: Zhou Biying , Wang Wenrui , Bai Xueqian , Hu Jun , Chen Bin , Ye Lingyun , Song Kaichen
Published: January 2024

The white light interferometer is advantageous for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), but the excessive noise floor limits its application in practicality. In this Letter, we propose a fiber-optic sensor driven by a broadband light source, which uses a fiber-optic Fabry–Perot cavity and a reference interferometer to enhance strain resolution. In the experiment, the strain resolution of a 5.86 m resonant sensor is 18.5 fɛ/Hz at 1.5 kHz, while the maximum detectable signal is over 230 rad at 1 kHz. With low cost, this method provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, solution for WDM sensing arrays with a large dynamic range.
Speed-enhanced scattering compensation method with sub-Nyquist sampling
Authors: Li Zhenghan , Zhu Jiazhu , Gong Wei , Si Ke
Published: January 2024

A rapid feedback-based scattering compensation method is particularly important for guiding light precisely within turbid tissues, especially the dynamic tissues. However, the huge number of measurements that come from the underutilization of the signal frequency channel greatly limits the modulation speed. This paper introduces a rapid compensation method with the sub-Nyquist sampling which improves the channel utilization and the speed of wavefront shaping. The number of measurements is reduced to ∼1500 with 32 × 32 freedom, and the PBR of the focus reaches ∼200. The system performances are demonstrated by focusing the light through brain slices of different thicknesses.
COVID-19 preventive measures in Rohingya refugee camps: An assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice
Authors: Halder Charls Erik , Hasan Md Abeed , Mohamud Yussuf Mohamed , Nyawara Marsela , Okello James Charles , Mizan Md Nahid , Sayum Md Abu , Hossain Ahmed , Willam Andrew , Tassdik Hamim
Published: January 2024

Background

Although many studies were conducted on COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among the general population in many countries, very little is known about refugees, particularly Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar. A vast array of risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) interventions were implemented in Cox’s Bazar with the intent of reducing disease transmission by empowering the community to adopt public health measures.

Objectives

The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of COVID-19 preventive measures among the Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar, and to identify their socio-demographic determinants.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 500 Rohingya individuals. Participants in the study were Rohingya refugees residing in five randomly selected camps where International Organization for Migration (IOM) Health was operating. Using a structured questionnaire, skilled community health workers surveyed the Rohingya population. In addition to the survey on knowledge, attitude, and practice, the study gathered information on the perspectives and relevance of sociodemographic factors that influence KAP.

Results

The study findings indicate that the mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 9.93, 7.55, and 2.71 respectively. Association was found between knowledge and practice level and age group–the elderly age group (>/ = 61 years) had less level of knowledge (AOR 0.42, P value = 0.058) and the late mid-age group (46–60 years) had better practice level (AOR 2.67, P value <0.001).

Conclusions

Our study found that the Rohingya refugee community in Cox’s Bazar has improved knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 preventive measures. However, the practice level of these measures remains low compared to the knowledge and positive attitude. The reason behind the poor practice of preventive measures needs to be identified and addressed engaging the community in similar future outbreaks.
Influence of geographical environment on retinol-binding protein reference values in Chinese men
Authors: Wei Peng , Ge Miao , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2024

This study combined geographic factors to predict Chinese healthy male RBP reference values from a geographic perspective, with the aim of exploring the spatial distribution and regional differences in Chinese healthy male Retinol-Binding Protein(RBP) reference values, and then providing a theoretical basis for medical diagnosis of healthy male RBP reference values in different regions of China. Using the actual measured RBP values of 24,502 healthy men in 256 cities in China combined with 16 geographical factors as the base data, the spatial autocorrelation, correlation analysis and support vector machine were used to predict the RBP reference values of healthy men in 2322 cities in China, and to generate a spatial distribution map of the RBP reference values of healthy men in China. It was found that the spatial distribution of healthy male RBP reference values in China showed a trend of gradual increase from the first to the third terrain steps. Combined with the distribution map, it is suggested that the RBP reference values of healthy men in China should be divided into the low value zone of the first-level terrain step (25mg/L~40mg/L), the middle value zone of the second-level terrain step (40mg/L~45mg/L) and the high value zone of the third-level terrain step (45mg/L~52mg/L).
Re-enacting/mediating/activating: Towards a collaborative feminist approach to research-creation
Authors: Aceves Sepúlveda Gabriela
Published: January 2024

Worldwide interest in understanding art and creative practices as valid forms of knowledge production has led to the establishment of research-creation as an interdisciplinary academic field in the last twenty years in Canada as elsewhere. Its establishment relates to a growing interest in critical making and technological innovation and to the legacies of feminism(s) and its critique of the power dynamics of knowledge production within academia. This article outlines a series of interactive projects that bring visibility to Latin American women in art, science and technology and speculates on the legacies of feminism(s) in the emergence of research-creation. The four projects discussed build on each other and explore re-mediation, re-activation and re-enactment as part of a collaborative feminist research-creation methodology. I theorize their potential to activate political memory by highlighting how these three approaches to creation share a preoccupation for revisiting the past through repetition, iteration and the facilitation of intergenerational encounters among humans, non-humans and across media and technologies. While discussing the feminist orientation of these approaches, I suggest a critique of dominant modes of knowledge production that have obscured the contributions of Latin American women and offer four research-creation interventions in the media arts archive.
Taboo in world cinema: Female protagonists within incestuous relationships
Authors: Klimatsaki Styliani Anna , Honorato Dalila
Published: January 2024

This article examines, analyses and compares the cinematic representation of three female protagonists (on three respective films) within their portrayed incestuous relationships. It also attempts to draw significant conclusions about their dynamic as female participating subjects in these affairs in a more inclusive way, one that takes into consideration their racial, gender, social and family characteristics. As incest itself is one of the strongest human taboos, various questions regarding the female portrait and position in such relationships arise: as incest constitutes the strongest social taboo of human civilization, is it similarly portrayed in cinema? Can incest be a female’s act of choice or is it just a male’s one? Are there any differences between male and female depictions of incestuous desire and sexual act? In which ways do potential differences, such as social status, class origin, racial and gender stereotypes, influence the protagonists of incestuous relationships? Which female motivations are involved in incestuous relationships?
One Health in practice: Benefits and challenges of multisectoral coordination and collaboration in managing public health risks: A meta-analysis
Authors: Sanga Valentina Thobias , Karimuribo Esron D. , Hoza Abubakar S.
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: One Health (OH) approach is crucial for the effective management of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and other public health threats. A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the benefits and challenges encountered in the practical implementation of multisectoral coordination in the fight against public health threats and to identify similarities between countries in the practical implementation of multisectoral coordination and cooperation across sectors in OH.

Materials and Methods: To identify relevant studies published globally between 2010 and 2023, a literature search was conducted online using Google Scholar and PubMed search engines. Inclusion criteria were adopted based on key search terms “One Health,” “multisectoral coordination,” “One Health framework,” and related terms “multisectoral collaboration” and “multidisciplinary.” Unpublished manuscripts, dissertations, and conference reports were excluded from the review. A total of 307 articles were retrieved. Titles, abstracts, and keywords were screened for inclusion criteria. We extracted and analyzed 46 full-text articles published in English. Unpublished manuscripts, dissertations, and conference reports were excluded from the study.

Results: This study found that most countries have similar challenges that hamper the coordination of OH activities implementation. Of the 46 articles reviewed, 69.6% (n = 32) focused on the benefits of adopting the OH approach and 73.9% (n = 34) focused on multisectoral coordination and collaboration among sectors. In addition, 58.7% (n = 27) of the articles indicated that governments need to invest more resources in OH implementation, and 50% (n = 23) proposed that policies, guidelines, and plans should be integrated to facilitate multisectoral coordination and collaboration. In addition to inadequate coordination and funding, other reported challenges were limited knowledge (34.8%) (n = 16) and inadequate resources (32.6%) (n = 15). In addition, 21.7% (n = 10) highlighted different sectoral priorities and interests as obstacles to effective coordination in the implementation of OH activities.

Conclusion: Multisectoral coordination plays a key role in the effective management of public health threats through OH. The creation of mechanisms for regular communication, the promotion of mutual trust, and the strengthening of relations between sectors will enhance cooperation. The similarity in challenges across regions observed in this study calls for countries across regions to prioritize OH operationalization and collaboration among sectors, strengthen collaboration, and synergize activities to enhance future changes in the mitigation of public health threats.

Keywords: multisectoral collaboration and multidisciplinary, multisectoral coordination, One Health, One Health framework.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSIC-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYSACCHARIDES SELECTED FROM PRUNELLA SPP.
Authors: Shamilov Arnol'd Alekseyevich , Bubenchikova Valentina Nikolayevna , Stepanova Nataliya Nikolayevna , Garsiya Ekaterina Robertovna
Published: January 2024

Natural high molecular weight compounds are used in medicine separately and in complex drugs as concomitant substance and as transport substances for the main compounds. Polysaccharides are plant polymers and its physic-chemical properties are useful in the development of pharmaceutical substances of plant origin. The aim of this study is investigation of physic-chemical properties of polysaccharides selected from Prunella spp. herb. For this aim, we solved the following tasks: estimate medium molecular weight of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPS) and pectinic substances (PS) by viscosimeter, isoelectric point, distribution coefficient, superficial activity. Results. WSPS and PS from P. laciniata herb has the largest molecular weight (30493 g/mol and 25607 g/mol respectively). Macromolecules of WSPS and PS are electroneutral in the solution with pH<7. The molecules do not affect the surface tension at the boundary of the two phases, but at the same time they have a penetrating ability. Conclusions. Polysaccharides from Prunella spp. Have a high molecular weight more 10 k g/mol and this property may cause the elasticity of the dosage form. Macromolecules are electroneutral in the acidic environment and insoluble in water solution and have small ability to swell. Polymers have high penetrating ability through the cell membrane. These properties determine transport and bioavailability of polysaccharides and main compounds.