bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Author Correction: Glacigenic sedimentation pulses triggered post-glacial gas hydrate dissociation
Authors: Karstens Jens , Haflidason Haflidi , Becker Lukas W. M. , Berndt Christian , Rüpke Lars , Planke Sverre , Liebetrau Volker , Schmidt Mark , Mienert Jürgen
Published: March 2018

The original version of this Article contained an error in the second sentence of the Abstract, which incorrectly read ‘They are stable under high pressure and low, but react sensitively to environmental changes.’ The correct version adds ‘temperature’ after ‘low’. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Genome-wide association analysis identifies new candidate risk loci for familial intracranial aneurysm in the French-Canadian population
Authors: Zhou Sirui , Gan-Or Ziv , Ambalavanan Amirthagowri , Lai Dongbing , Xie Pingxing , Bourassa Cynthia V. , Strong Stephanie , Ross Jay P. , Dionne-Laporte Alexandre , Spiegelman Dan , Dupré Nicolas , Foroud Tatiana M , Xiong Lan , Dion Patrick A. , Rouleau Guy A.
Published: March 2018

Intracranial Aneurysm (IA) is a common disease with a worldwide prevalence of 1–3%. In the French-Canadian (FC) population, where there is an important founder effect, the incidence of IA is higher and is frequently seen in families. In this study, we genotyped a cohort of 257 mostly familial FC IA patients and 1,992 FC controls using the Illumina NeuroX SNP-chip. The most strongly associated loci were tested in 34 Inuit IA families and in 32 FC IA patients and 106 FC controls that had been exome sequenced (WES). After imputation, one locus at 3p14.2 (FHIT, rs1554600, p = 4.66 × 10–9) reached a genome-wide significant level of association and a subsequent validation in Nunavik Inuit cohort further confirmed the significance of the FHIT variant association (rs780365, FBAT-O, p = 0.002839). Additionally, among the other promising loci (p < 5 × 10−6), the one at 3q13.2 (rs78125721, p = 4.77 × 10−7), which encompasses CCDC80, also showed an increased mutation burden in the WES data (CCDC80, SKAT-O, p = 0.0005). In this study, we identified two new potential IA loci in the FC population: FHIT, which is significantly associated with hypertensive IA, and CCDC80, which has potential genetic and functional relevance to IA pathogenesis, providing evidence on the additional risk loci for familial IA. We also replicated the previous IA GWAS risk locus 18q11.2, and suggested a potential locus at 8p23.1 that warrants further study.
Submarine groundwater discharge derived strontium from the Bengal Basin traced in Bay of Bengal water samples
Authors: Chakrabarti Ramananda , Mondal Surajit , Acharya Shiba Shankar , Lekha J. Sree , Sengupta Debasis
Published: March 2018

Evaluating the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) derived strontium (Sr) flux from the Bengal Basin to the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and determining its isotopic composition is crucial for understanding the marine Sr isotopic evolution over time. Measurements of spatially and temporally distributed water samples collected from the BoB show radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr, high Sr, calcium (Ca) concentrations and high salinity in samples collected dominantly from 100–120 m depth, which can be explained only by the contribution of saline groundwater from the Bengal Basin. These results provide a direct evidence of the SGD-Sr flux to the BoB. This SGD-Sr flux is however, spatially heterogeneous and using conservative hydrological estimates of the SGD flux to the BoB, we suggest a SGD Sr flux of 13.5–40.5 × 105 mol/yr to the BoB. Mass balance calculations using Sr concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr suggest up to 7% contribution of SGD to the 100–120 m BoB water samples. The identification of SGD at 100–120 m depth also provides an explanation for the anomalous variations in barium (Ba) concentrations and the δ18O-salinity relationship in intermediate depths of the BoB.
High-sensitivity assay for monitoring ESR1 mutations in circulating cell-free DNA of breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy
Authors: Lupini Laura , Moretti Anna , Bassi Cristian , Schirone Alessio , Pedriali Massimo , Querzoli Patrizia , Roncarati Roberta , Frassoldati Antonio , Negrini Massimo
Published: March 2018

Approximately 70% of breast cancers (BCs) express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and are treated with endocrine therapy. However, the effectiveness of this therapy is limited by innate or acquired resistance in approximately one-third of patients. Activating mutations in the ESR1 gene that encodes ERα promote critical resistance mechanisms. Here, we developed a high sensitivity approach based on enhanced-ice-COLD-PCR for detecting ESR1 mutations. The method produced an enrichment up to 100-fold and allowed the unambiguous detection of ESR1 mutations even when they consisted of only 0.01% of the total ESR1 allelic fraction. After COLD-PCR enrichment, methods based on next-generation sequencing or droplet-digital PCR were employed to detect and quantify ESR1 mutations. We applied the method to detect ESR1 mutations in circulating free DNA from the plasma of 56 patients with metastatic ER-positive BC. Fifteen of these patients were found to have ESR1 mutations at codons 536–538. This study demonstrates the utility of the enhanced-ice-COLD-PCR approach for simplifying and improving the detection of ESR1 tumor mutations in liquid biopsies. Because of its high sensitivity, the approach may potentially be applicable to patients with non-metastatic disease.
Dynamical Coordination of Hand Intrinsic Muscles for Precision Grip in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Li Ke , Wei Na , Cheng Mei , Hou Xingguo , Song Jun
Published: March 2018

This study investigated the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on dynamical coordination of hand intrinsic muscles during precision grip. Precision grip was tested using a custom designed apparatus with stable and unstable loads, during which the surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) were recorded simultaneously. Recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) was applied to quantify the dynamical structure of sEMG signals of the APB and FDI; and cross recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA) was used to assess the intermuscular coupling between the two intrinsic muscles. This study revealed that the DM altered the dynamical structure of muscle activation for the FDI and the dynamical intermuscular coordination between the APB and FDI during precision grip. A reinforced feedforward mechanism that compensates the loss of sensory feedbacks in DM may be responsible for the stronger intermuscular coupling between the APB and FDI muscles. Sensory deficits in DM remarkably decreased the capacity of online motor adjustment based on sensory feedback, rendering a lower adaptability to the uncertainty of environment. This study shed light on inherent dynamical properties underlying the intrinsic muscle activation and intermuscular coordination for precision grip and the effects of DM on hand sensorimotor function.
Simultaneous Multiparameter Cellular Energy Metabolism Profiling of Small Populations of Cells
Authors: Kelbauskas Laimonas , Ashili Shashaanka P. , Lee Kristen B. , Zhu Haixin , Tian Yanqing , Meldrum Deirdre R.
Published: March 2018

Functional and genomic heterogeneity of individual cells are central players in a broad spectrum of normal and disease states. Our knowledge about the role of cellular heterogeneity in tissue and organism function remains limited due to analytical challenges one encounters when performing single cell studies in the context of cell-cell interactions. Information based on bulk samples represents ensemble averages over populations of cells, while data generated from isolated single cells do not account for intercellular interactions. We describe a new technology and demonstrate two important advantages over existing technologies: first, it enables multiparameter energy metabolism profiling of small cell populations (<100 cells)—a sample size that is at least an order of magnitude smaller than other, commercially available technologies; second, it can perform simultaneous real-time measurements of oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)—a capability not offered by any other commercially available technology. Our results revealed substantial diversity in response kinetics of the three analytes in dysplastic human epithelial esophageal cells and suggest the existence of varying cellular energy metabolism profiles and their kinetics among small populations of cells. The technology represents a powerful analytical tool for multiparameter studies of cellular function.
Arabidopsis vegetative actin isoforms, AtACT2 and AtACT7, generate distinct filament arrays in living plant cells
Authors: Kijima Saku T. , Staiger Christopher J. , Katoh Kaoru , Nagasaki Akira , Ito Kohji , Uyeda Taro Q. P.
Published: March 2018

Flowering plants express multiple actin isoforms. Previous studies suggest that individual actin isoforms have specific functions; however, the subcellular localization of actin isoforms in plant cells remains obscure. Here, we transiently expressed and observed major Arabidopsis vegetative actin isoforms, AtACT2 and AtACT7, as fluorescent-fusion proteins. By optimizing the linker sequence between fluorescent protein and actin, we succeeded in observing filaments that contained these expressed actin isoforms fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Different colored fluorescent proteins fused with AtACT2 and AtACT7 and co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana mesophyll cells co-polymerized in a segregated manner along filaments. In epidermal cells, surprisingly, AtACT2 and AtACT7 tended to polymerize into different types of filaments. AtACT2 was incorporated into thinner filaments, whereas AtACT7 was incorporated into thick bundles. We conclude that different actin isoforms are capable of constructing unique filament arrays, depending on the cell type or tissue. Interestingly, staining patterns induced by two indirect actin filament probes, Lifeact and mTalin1, were different between filaments containing AtACT2 and those containing AtACT7. We suggest that filaments containing different actin isoforms bind specific actin-binding proteins in vivo, since the two probes comprise actin-binding domains from different actin-binding proteins.
Author Correction: Sporadic nesting reveals long distance colonisation in the philopatric loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)
Authors: Carreras Carlos , Pascual Marta , Tomás Jesús , Marco Adolfo , Hochscheid Sandra , Castillo Juan José , Gozalbes Patricia , Parga Mariluz , Piovano Susanna , Cardona Luis
Published: March 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Modelling indirect interactions during failure spreading in a project activity network
Authors: Ellinas Christos
Published: March 2018

Spreading broadly refers to the notion of an entity propagating throughout a networked system via its interacting components. Evidence of its ubiquity and severity can be seen in a range of phenomena, from disease epidemics to financial systemic risk. In order to understand the dynamics of these critical phenomena, computational models map the probability of propagation as a function of direct exposure, typically in the form of pairwise interactions between components. By doing so, the important role of indirect interactions remains unexplored. In response, we develop a simple model that accounts for the effect of both direct and subsequent exposure, which we deploy in the novel context of failure propagation within a real-world engineering project. We show that subsequent exposure has a significant effect in key aspects, including the: (a) final spreading event size, (b) propagation rate, and (c) spreading event structure. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of ‘hidden influentials’ in large-scale spreading events, and evaluate the role of direct and subsequent exposure in their emergence. Given the evidence of the importance of subsequent exposure, our findings offer new insight on particular aspects that need to be included when modelling network dynamics in general, and spreading processes specifically.
Plasticity in nodal root elongation through the hardpan triggered by rewatering during soil moisture fluctuation stress in rice
Authors: Suralta Roel Rodriguez , Niones Jonathan Manito , Kano-Nakata Mana , Thi Tran Thiem , Mitsuya Shiro , Yamauchi Akira
Published: March 2018

Rainfed lowland (RFL) rice fields have hardpans and experience soil moisture fluctuations (SMF) stress, which influence root system development. Here, we clarify the expression and timing of the plasticity in nodal root elongation through the hardpan under SMF and its contribution to shoot growth using a shallow-rooting IR64 and its deep-rooting introgression line, YTH304. Under SMF, soil moisture content had negative relationship with soil penetration resistance, regardless of hardpan bulk densities. YTH304 had greater root system below the hardpan than IR64 in hardpan with 1.50 but not in 1.70 g cm−3 bulk density (BD). YTH304 had greater plasticity in nodal root elongation through the hardpan than IR64 under SMF, which was clearly expressed during rewatering. YTH304 also had greater soil water uptake below the hardpan during drought and greater shoot growth than IR64. The results imply that deep root system development during SMF was due to the plasticity in nodal root elongation through the hardpan expressed during rewatering rather than during drought periods. This is against the long standing belief that active root elongation through the hardpan happens during drought. This also implies a need to revisit current root screening methods to identify rice lines with good hardpan penetration ability.
Demographic aspects of first names
Authors: Tzioumis Konstantinos
Published: March 2018

We introduce a list that offers information on the relation between first names and race or ethnicity. Drawing information from mortgage applications, the list includes 4,250 first names and information on their respective count and proportions across six mutually exclusive racial and Hispanic origin groups. These six categories are consistent with the categories used in the Census Bureau's list on surnames' demographic information. Also, just like the Census Bureau's list of surnames, the list of first names is highly aggregated, so as to not identify any specific individuals.
The role of oxygen vacancies in biomass deoxygenation by reducible zinc/zinc oxide catalysts
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Bergstrom Helen , Saenger Ryan , Johnson Benjamin , Sun Runcang , Peterson Andrew
Published: March 2018

Selective removal of oxygen is the key challenge in the upgrading of biomass-derived molecules, and reducible metal oxides have shown the ability to catalytically remove oxygen even at low exogenous H2 pressures.
The synthesis of two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets with enhanced tribological properties as oil additives
Authors: Yi Meirong , Zhang Chenhui
Published: March 2018

Two-dimensional MoS2 nansheets (2D MoS2) with enhanced tribological properties were successfully fabricated with the aid of oleylamine.
Step-growth titanium-catalysed dehydropolymerisation of amine–boranes
Authors: Jurca Titel , Dellermann Theresa , Stubbs Naomi E. , Resendiz-Lara Diego A. , Whittell George R. , Manners Ian
Published: March 2018

Titanium-catalysed dehydropolymerisation of primary amine–boranes was found to proceed via a step-growth rather than a chain-growth mechanism.
Performance and failure modes of Si anodes patterned with thin-film Ni catalyst islands for water oxidation
Authors: Sun Ke , Ritzert Nicole L. , John Jimmy , Tan Haiyan , Hale William G. , Jiang Jingjing , Moreno-Hernandez Ivan , Papadantonakis Kimberly M. , Moffat Thomas P. , Brunschwig Bruce S. , Lewis Nathan S.
Published: March 2018

Silicon photoanodes patterned with thin-film Ni catalyst islands exhibited stable sunlight-driven O2evolution for over 240 h of continuous operation in 1.0 M KOH.
Effect of morphology on interactions between nanoparticle-stabilised air bubbles and oil droplets
Authors: Cunningham Victoria J. , Giakoumatos Emma C. , Marks Melissa , Armes Steven P. , Wanless Erica J.
Published: March 2018

Adsorbed copolymer nanoparticle spheres and worms can stabilise oil droplet or air bubble pairs, or indeed multiphase systems.
Intra-hydrogel culture prevents transformation of mesenchymal stem cells induced by monolayer expansion
Authors: Jiang Tongmeng , Liu Junting , Ouyang Yiqiang , Wu Huayu , Zheng Li , Zhao Jinmin , Zhang Xingdong
Published: March 2018

Intra-hydrogel culture can mitigate the cellular transformation of MSCs induced by expansion through the regulation of proteoglycans in cancer (PGC) and pathways in cancer (PC) focal adhesion (FA) and the MAPK signaling pathway.
Fluorine-enhanced Pt/ZSM-5 catalysts for low-temperature oxidation of ethylene
Authors: Yang Hongling , Ma Chunyan , Wang Gang , Sun Yonggang , Cheng Jie , Zhang Zhongshen , Zhang Xin , Hao Zhengping
Published: March 2018

Fluorine treatment enhances the catalytic performance of Pt/ZSM-5 for ethylene low-temperature oxidation due to its increased Brønsted acidity and water tolerance.
General aspects in the use of graphenes in catalysis
Authors: Navalón Sergio , Herance José Raúl , Álvaro Mercedes , García Hermenegildo
Published: March 2018

This perspective is aimed at presenting some issues that, in our opinion, have still to be better addressed in the field of graphenes as catalysts.
Synthesis and structural elucidation of a dehydrochloromethyltestosterone metabolite
Authors: Kratena Nicolas , Pilz Sarah M. , Weil Matthias , Gmeiner Günter , Enev Valentin S. , Gärtner Peter
Published: March 2018

The identity of a human long-term metabolite of the doping agent Oral Turinabol (DHCMT) is secured by the synthesis of all probable stereoisomers.
2-Deoxyglycosyl 3-benzoylpropionates as novel donors for the direct and stereoselective synthesis of 2-deoxy-glycosides
Authors: Bandi Ramakrishna , Chalapala Sudharani , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: March 2018

Lewis acid mediated stereoselective synthesis of 2-deoxy-O-glycosides has been demonstrated using 2-deoxyglycosyl 3-benzoylpropionates as novel glycosyl donors.
Self-assembly of highly conductive self-n-doped fullerene ammonium halides and their application in thein situsolution-processable fabrication of working electrodes for alcohol electrooxidation
Authors: Wang H. H. , Sun X. , Lin Z. C. , Pang Z. F. , Kong X. Q. , Lei M. , Li Y. F.
Published: March 2018

Self-assembled highly conductive fullerene ammonium halides are potential support of metal-based nanoparticles toward alcohol electrooxidation.
Enhanced desalination using a three-layer OTMS based superhydrophobic membrane for a membrane distillation process
Authors: Ray Saikat Sinha , Chen Shiao-Shing , Chang Hau-Ming , Dan Thanh Cao Ngoc , Quang Le Huy , Nguyen Nguyen Cong
Published: March 2018

Superhydrophobic membranes are essential for enhanced desalination by utilizing MD.
CRMP2 and voltage-gated ion channels: potential roles in neuropathic pain
Authors: Chew Lindsey A. , Khanna Rajesh
Published: March 2018

Neuropathic pain represents a significant and mounting burden on patients and society at large. Management of neuropathic pain, however, is both intricate and challenging, exacerbated by the limited quantity and quality of clinically available treatments. On this stage, dysfunctional voltage-gated ion channels, especially the presynaptic N-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) (Cav2.2) and the tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) (Nav1.7), underlie the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain and serve as high profile therapeutic targets. Indirect regulation of these channels holds promise for the treatment of neuropathic pain. In this review, we focus on collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), a protein with emergent roles in voltage-gated ion channel trafficking and discuss the therapeutic potential of targetting this protein.
Enhanced proportional power sharing strategy based on adaptive virtual impedance in low‐voltage networked microgrid
Authors: Zhang Jiyuan , Shu Jie , Ning Jia , Huang Lei , Wang Hao
Published: March 2018

The variation of the electrical distance and the complexity of the electric network lead to the variations of feeder impedances between distributed generation units and load points. It is determined that conventional droop control has drawbacks in achieving accurate power sharing due to the effects of mismatched impedance. Therefore, this study proposes an enhanced proportional power sharing strategy based on adaptive virtual impedance in a low‐voltage networked microgrid. The improved R–L type droop control can effectively prevent the coupling between real and reactive powers. Furthermore, an adaptive virtual impedance loop is introduced to counteract the feeder voltage drop. The method utilises real and reactive power mismatching which were fed into integral controllers, and then generates the virtual inductive and resistive components, respectively. This proposed strategy is able to enhance power sharing accuracy without requiring the knowledge of feeder impedance, and it is more adaptive to the complex impedance. The simulation experiments carried out under the environment of MATLAB/Simulink, and results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Facile synthesis of three‐dimensional NiCo2O4@Co3O4 nanowire array for application in supercapacitors
Authors: Yao Shushan , Zhi Lifei , Guo Jin , Yan Shijian , Zhang Mingang
Published: March 2018

A three‐dimensional NiCo2O4@Co3O4 hybrid array on Ni foam electrode for supercapacitors was synthesised via a facile two‐step hydrothermal method, in which the NiCo2O4 was self‐assembled on the Co3O4 nanowire grown on Ni foam. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of the binder‐free electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge/discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical characterisations indicated that the unique nano‐architecture exhibited excellent electrochemical properties of a high capacitance (1075 F/g), good rate (102.4%), cycling stability (92.6%), which were superior to the pristine Co3O4 nanowire. The results clearly confirmed that growing NiCo2O4 on Co3O4 nanowire could substantially improve the capacitive performance of Co3O4 materials.
Multi-scale simulations of black hole accretion in barred galaxies
Authors: Jung M. , Illenseer T. F. , Duschl W. J.
Published: March 2018

Due to the non-axisymmetric potential of the central bar, in addition to their characteristic arms and bar, barred spiral galaxies form a variety of structures within the thin gas disk, such as nuclear rings, inner spirals, and dust lanes. These structures in the inner kiloparsec are extremely important in order to explain and understand the rate of black hole feeding. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of stellar bars in spiral galaxies on the thin self-gravitating gas disk. We focus on the accretion of gas onto the central supermassive black hole and its time-dependent evolution. We conducted multi-scale simulations simultaneously resolving the galactic disk and the accretion disk around the central black hole. In all the simulations we varied the initial gas disk mass. As an additional parameter we chose either the gas temperature for isothermal simulations or the cooling timescale for non-isothermal simulations. Accretion was either driven by a gravitationally unstable or clumpy accretion disk or by energy dissipation in strong shocks. Most of the simulations show a strong dependence of the accretion rate at the outer boundary of the central accretion disk (r< 300 pc) on the gas flow at kiloparsec scales. The final black hole masses reach up to ~109 M⊙after 1.6 Gyr. Our models show the expected influence of the Eddington limit and a decline in growth rate at the corresponding sub-Eddington limit.
Globular cluster chemistry in fast-rotating dwarf stars belonging to intermediate-age open clusters
Authors: Pancino Elena
Published: March 2018

The peculiar chemistry observed in multiple populations of Galactic globular clusters is not generally found in other systems such as dwarf galaxies and open clusters, and no model can currently fully explain it. Exploring the boundaries of the multiple-population phenomenon and the variation of its extent in the space of cluster mass, age, metallicity, and compactness has proven to be a fruitful line of investigation. In the framework of a larger project to search for multiple populations in open clusters that is based on literature and survey data, I found peculiar chemical abundance patterns in a sample of intermediate-age open clusters with publicly available data. More specifically, fast-rotating dwarf stars (v sin i ≥ 50 km s−1) that belong to four clusters (Pleiades, Ursa Major, Come Berenices, and Hyades) display a bimodality in either [Na/Fe] or [O/Fe], or both, with the low-Na and high-O peak more populated than the high-Na and low-O peak. Additionally, two clusters show a Na–O anti-correlation in the fast-rotating stars, and one cluster shows a large [Mg/Fe] variation in stars with high [Na/Fe], reaching the extreme Mg depletion observed in NGC 2808. Even considering that the sample sizes are small, these patterns call for attention in the light of a possible connection with the multiple population phenomenon of globular clusters. The specific chemistry observed in these fast-rotating dwarf stars is thought to be produced by a complex interplay of different diffusion and mixing mechanisms, such as rotational mixing and mass loss, which in turn are influenced by metallicity, binarity, mass, age, variability, and so on. However, with the sample in hand, it was not possible to identify which stellar parameters cause the observed Na and O bimodality and Na–O anti-correlation. This suggests that other stellar properties might be important in addition to stellar rotation. Stellar binarity might influence the rotational properties and enhance rotational mixing and mass loss of stars in a dense environment like that of clusters (especially globulars). In conclusion, rotation and binarity appear as a promising research avenue for better understanding multiple stellar populations in globular clusters; this is certainly worth exploring further.
Single-mode waveguides for GRAVITY
Authors: Perraut K. , Jocou L. , Berger J. P. , Chabli A. , Cardin V. , Chamiot-Maitral G. , Delboulbé A. , Eisenhauer F. , Gambérini Y. , Gillessen S. , Guieu S. , Guerrero J. , Haug M. , Hausmann F. , Joulain F. , Kervella P. , Labeye P. , Lacour S. , Lanthermann C. , Lapras V. , Le Bouquin J. B. , Lippa M. , Magnard Y. , Moulin T. , Noël P. , Nolot A. , Patru F. , Perrin G. , Pfuhl O. , Pocas S. , Poulain S. , Scibetta C. , Stadler E. , Templier R. , Ventura N. , Vizioz C. , Amorim A. , Brandner W. , Straubmeier C.
Published: March 2018

Context. Within the framework of the second-generation instrumentation of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer of the European Southern Observatory we have developed the four-telescope beam combiner in integrated optics.

Aims. We optimized the performance of such beam combiners, for the first time in the near-infrared K band, for the GRAVITY instrument dedicated to the study of the close environment of the galactic centre black hole by precision narrow-angle astrometry and interferometric imaging.

Methods. We optimized the design of the integrated optics chip and the manufacturing technology as well, to fulfil the very demanding throughput specification. We also designed an integrated optics assembly able to operate at 200 K in the GRAVITY cryostat to reduce thermal emission.

Results. We manufactured about 50 beam combiners by silica-on-silicon etching technology. We glued the best combiners to single-mode fluoride fibre arrays that inject the VLTI light into the integrated optics beam combiners. The final integrated optics assemblies have been fully characterized in the laboratory and through on-site calibrations: their global throughput over the K band is higher than 55% and the instrumental contrast reaches more than 95% in polarized light, which is well within the GRAVITY specifications.

Conclusions. While integrated optics technology is known to be mature enough to provide efficient and reliable beam combiners for astronomical interferometry in the H band, we managed to successfully extend it to the longest wavelengths of the K band and to manufacture the most complex integrated optics beam combiner in this specific spectral band.
Three centuries of multi-storied St. Petersburg
Authors: Lavrov Leonid , Perov Fedor , Eremeeva Aleksandra , Temnov Vladimir
Published: March 2018

The article is devoted to assessment of the role of high-rise buildings in the St. Petersburg historic city’s ensemble. Features of formation of city architectural look, the conditions of city typical silhouette’s appearance which is characterized by the contrast of a small number of high-rise structures with a low horizontal mass building are observed. The consequences of the emergence of a significant number of great height buildings, the silhouette of which conflicts with the traditional St. Petersburg landscape’s compositional principles, are analyzed. The economic reasons of high-rise construction of residential and office buildings are given. The conclusions about the prospects of St. Petersburg high-rise construction in the light of city-building and economic factors are made.
The problems of designing a multifunctional courtyard space of high-rise buildings by the example of residential development in Volgograd
Authors: Matovnikov Sergei , Matovnikova Natalia , Samoylenko Polina
Published: March 2018

The paper considers the issues of designing a modern courtyard space for high-rise buildings in Volgograd to obtain a multifunctional environment through the arrangement of new recreational territories and the search of innovative planning methods for urban landscape design. In professionals’ opinion, the problem concerning the design and construction of recreational zones and greenery planting is very acute for Volgograd, such territories are often absent in many districts of the city. Generally, the decrease in the natural component and a low level of recreational territories improvement are typical for Volgograd. In addition, the problem of designing a modern urban courtyard space for high-rise buildings to obtain a multi-functional environment exists and requires a thorough investigation. The question is if there is a possibility to solve these difficult tasks by means of local design methods only or whether there should be a complex approach at the stage of the formation of master plans for modern residential areas and which modern design methods can ensure the creation of a courtyard space as a multi-functional environment. These questions as well as some other ones will be the topic of our paper.
High-rise construction in the Saint Petersburg agglomeration in 1703–1950s
Authors: Sementsov Sergey , Akulova Nadezhda , Kurakina Severina
Published: March 2018

Regularities of high-rise construction (implemented projects and developments) in Saint Petersburg and the Saint Petersburg agglomeration since the foundation of the city in 1703 till the 1950s are considered. Based on these regularities, a single spatially developed system of vertical dominants is formed. High-rise construction in the city and its suburbs started in the 1710s and continues up to the present time. In the considered decades (1703–1950s), high-rise construction mostly performed urban-planning functions (with vertical and symbolic dominants), relying on patterns of the visual perception of man-made landscapes under development. Since the 1710s, the construction of vertical dominants (mainly temples, spires of towers, lighthouses, etc.) of five ranks (depending on the altitude range and in relation to the background development) was conducted in territories of the entire agglomeration. These dominants were arranged in landscapes of the city and suburbs with almost mathematically precise accuracy and according to special regulations. Such dominants obtained particular descriptive and silhouette characteristics in accordance with the conditions of spatial perception. In some periods of city development, attempts were made to create monuments (symbolic dominants) of specific height and include those in the spatial system of high-rise dominants as significant elements of the city silhouette.
The Design of Akhmat Tower
Authors: Beardsley Sara , Stochetti Alejandro , Cerone Marc
Published: March 2018

Akhmat Tower is a 435m supertall building designed by Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture. It is currently under construction in the city of Grozny, in the Chechen Republic, in the North Caucasus region of Russia. The design of the tower was done during a collaborative process by a multi-disciplinary architectural and engineering team, based primarily in the United States and Russia. During this process, the designers considered many factors including, most primarily, the cultural and historical context, the structural requirements given the high seismicity of the region, and the client’s programmatic needs. The resulting crystalline-shaped tower is both an aesthetic statement and a performative architectural solution which will be a new landmark for Chechnya. “The Design of Akhmat Tower” describes in detail the design process including structural considerations, exterior wall design, building program, interior design, the tuned mass damper, and the use of building information modeling.
High-rise housing in the city of Samara: the first steps on the path to sustainable development
Authors: Vavilova Tatiana Ya. , Makeeva Elena Yu.
Published: March 2018

This paper outlines theoretical background of high-rise housing and discusses its design experience. It particularly focuses on environmental, social and economic aspects which are among crucial sustainable development issues. The authors dwell upon the implementation of innovative solutions that meet principles and goals of sustainable development and take construction objects built in Samara (which is one of the largest metropolises in Russia) as an example. The research also investigates the quality of project designs and reveals techniques corresponding to the "green standards". It considers the issues of practicing high-rise building construction in specific urban conditions and identifies unresolved architectural problems.
Design of high-rise dwelling houses for Ho Chi Minh City within the framework of the “smart city” concept
Authors: Nguyen Hong Loan , Nguyen Van Tin
Published: March 2018

There are differences in the concepts of smart cities, which are reflected in many ideas and solutions. Globally one of the similarities of the goals for achieving smart cities is sustainable developmentwith the provision of best living conditions for people beingthe first priority. Ho Chi Minh City is not out of trend, taking the planning steps for the goal of becoming a smart city. It is necessary that design and construction of high-rise dwelling houses meet the criteria of “smart city” concept. This paper explores the design of high-rise dwelling houses forHo Chi Minh City with regards tothe framework of “smart city” concept. Methods used in the paper includedata collection, analytical – synthetical and modeling method.In order to proposedesign tasks and solutions of high-rise dwelling houses forHo Chi Minh Cityinthe concept “smart city”in the current period and near future, we present new approach, whichcan alsobe applied in practice for different cities in Vietnam.Moveover, it can also establishinformation resources, which areuseful in connecting and promotingfurther development for the success of a “smart city” program.
Structural and compositional features of high-rise buildings: experimental design in Yekaterinburg
Authors: Yankovskaya Yulia , Lobanov Yuriy , Temnov Vladimir
Published: March 2018

The study looks at the specifics of high-rise development in Yekaterinburg. High-rise buildings are considered in the context of their historical development, structural features, compositional and imaginative design techniques. Experience of Yekaterinburg architects in experimental design is considered and analyzed. Main issues and prospects of high-rise development within the Yekaterinburg structure are studied. The most interesting and significant conceptual approaches to the structural and compositional arrangement of high-rise buildings are discussed.
Formation and maintenance of the territorial balance in the conditions of high-rise construction in the city
Authors: Kisel Tatiana
Published: March 2018

High-rise construction results in the need of planning of infrastructure facilities, taking into account the increase in loading, as high-rise construction allows to place considerably bigger number of residents in the limited territory. For this purpose it is necessary to estimate the required and actual level of providing the population with each particular type of the facilities of social infrastructure. The compliance of required and actual level of providing can be characterized as the territorial balance, while the discrepancy acts as the territorial imbalance. The article is devoted to the development of such instruments of planning of urban development, which will allow to create the qualitative urban environment, founded on the territorial balances. Namely, it is devoted to the calculation of level of providing the population with the facilities of social infrastructure, to the determination of level of the imbalance in absolute and relative units and also to the ranging of imbalances on urgency of their elimination. The size of the imbalance is of great importance for planning and realization of managerial influences from the executive authorities, operating the city development. In order to determine the urgency of realization of actions for the construction of facilities of social infrastructure it is offered to range the imbalances according to their size, having determined the deviation size from balance, which is so insignificant that it does not demand any managerial influences (it can be characterized as balance) and also the groups of the imbalances, differing in urgency of managerial influences, directed to the decrease and elimination of the revealed imbalance.
The advisability of high-rise construction in the city
Authors: Sergievskaya Natalia , Pokrovskaya Tatyana , Vorontsova Natalya
Published: March 2018

In this article there discusses the question of advisability high-rise construction, the reasons for its use, both positive and negative sides of it. On the one hand, a number of authors believe that it is difficult to avoid high-rise construction due to the limited areas in very large cities. On the other hand, a number of other authors draw attention to the problems associated with high-rise construction. The author of the article analyses examples of high-rise construction in several countries (UAE, Dubai "Burj Khalifa"; Japan "Tokyo Sky Tree"; United States of America, "Willis Tower"; Russia "Federation Tower") and proves the advisability of high-rise construction in the city.
Specific features of modern multifunctional high-rise building construction
Authors: Manukhina Lyubov , Samosudova Natal'ja
Published: March 2018

The article analyzes the main reasons for the development of high-rise building construction the most important of which-is a limitation of the urban areas and, consequently, the high price of land reserved for construction. New engineering and compositional solutions for the creation of new types of buildings are considered - complex technical designs of a large number of storeys completely meet the new requirements for safety and comfort. Some peculiarities of designing high-rise buildings and searching for optimal architectural and planning solutions are revealed since, with external architectural simplicity, high-rise buildings have complex structural and technological and space-planning solutions. We consider the specific features of a high-rise housing in various countries around the world, including Russia, such as the layout of the multi-storey residential buildings, depending on the climatic characteristics of the regions, assessment of the geological risk of the construction site, the choice of parameters and functional purpose of the sections of the territory of high-rise construction, location of the town-planning object for substantiating the overall dimensions of the building, assessment of changes aeration and engineering and hydrological conditions of the site. A special place in the article on the problems of improvement of the territory, the device of courtyards, landscaping, the device of playing and sports grounds. The main conclusion in the article is the following problem - when developing high-rise housing construction, the development of high-rise housing, and an increase in the population density in the territory of large cities of Russia, necessary to create a comfortable and safe level of residents living and not a decrease, but an improvement in the quality of the urban environment.
Constructive systems, load-bearing and enclosing structures of high-rise buildings
Authors: Korol’ Elena Anatol’evna , Kustikova Yuliya Olegovna
Published: March 2018

As the height of the building increases, loads on load-carrying structures increase dramatically, and as a result of the development of high-rise construction, several structural systems of such buildings have been developed: frame, frame-frame, cross-wall, barrel, box-type, box-to-wall ("pipe in pipe", "Trumpet in the farm"), etc. In turn, the barrel systems have their own versions: cantilever support of the ceilings on the trunk, suspension of the outer part of the overlap to the upper carrying console "hanging house" or its support by means of the walls on the lower bearing cantilever, intermediate position of the supporting cantilevers in height to the floor, from a part of floors. The object of the study are the structural solutions of high-rise buildings. The subject of the study is the layout of structural schemes of high-rise buildings, taking into account the main parameters - altitude (height), natural climatic conditions of construction, materials of structural elements and their physical and mechanical characteristics. The purpose of the study is to identify the features and systematization of structural systems of high-rise buildings and the corresponding structural elements. The results of the research make it possible, at the stage of making design decisions, to establish rational parameters for the correspondence between the structural systems of high-rise buildings and their individual elements.
Hybrid processing of laser scanning data
Authors: Badenko Vladimir , Zotov Dmitry , Fedotov Alexander
Published: March 2018

In this article the analysis of gaps in processing of raw laser scanning data and results of bridging the gaps discovered on the base of usage of laser scanning data for historic building information modeling is presented. The results of the development of a unified hybrid technology for the processing, storage, access and visualization of combined laser scanning and photography data about historical buildings are analyzed. The first result of the technology application for the historical building of St. Petersburg Polytechnic University shows reliability of the proposed approaches.
Comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of high-rise construction projects in the form of urban blocks
Authors: Orlov Alexandr , Chubarkina Irina
Published: March 2018

The paper is dedicated to main modern trends in the area of high-rise construction. The classification of buildings and structures by height is given. Functional distribution by the height of buildings is presented. A review of positive and negative aspects of high-rise construction from the economic point of view is given. On the basis of the data obtained, it is proposed to build up residential microdistricts in the form of urban blocks. A plan of microdistricts development is presented. It takes into account urban blocks and includes their main characteristics. An economic and mathematical model was developed to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of high-rise construction projects.
Shear-lag effect and its effect on the design of high-rise buildings
Authors: Dat Bui Thanh , Traykov Alexander , Traykova Marina
Published: March 2018

For super high-rise buildings, the analysis and selection of suitable structural solutions are very important. The structure has not only to carry the gravity loads (self-weight, live load, etc.), but also to resist lateral loads (wind and earthquake loads). As the buildings become taller, the demand on different structural systems dramatically increases. The article considers the division of the structural systems of tall buildings into two main categories - interior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located within the interior of the building, and exterior structures for which the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located at the building perimeter. The basic types of each of the main structural categories are described. In particular, the framed tube structures, which belong to the second main category of exterior structures, seem to be very efficient. That type of structure system allows tall buildings resist the lateral loads. However, those tube systems are affected by shear lag effect - a nonlinear distribution of stresses across the sides of the section, which is commonly found in box girders under lateral loads. Based on a numerical example, some general conclusions for the influence of the shear-lag effect on frequencies, periods, distribution and variation of the magnitude of the internal forces in the structure are presented.
Investigation the effect of outdoor air infiltration on the heat-shielding characteristics the outer walls of high-rise buildings
Authors: Vytchikov Yu.S. , Kostuganov A. B. , Saparev M. E. , Belyakov I. G.
Published: March 2018

The presented article considers the influence of infiltrated outdoor air on the heat-shielding characteristics of the exterior walls of modern residential and public buildings. A review of the sources devoted to this problem confirmed its relevance at the present time, especially for high-rise buildings. The authors of the article analyzed the effect of longitudinal and transverse air infiltration on the heat-shielding characteristics of the outer wall of a 25-story building that was built in Samara. The results showed a significant reduction of the reduced resistance to the heat transfer of the outer wall when air is infiltrated through it. There are the results of full-scale examination of external walls to confirm the calculated data. Based on the results of the study carried out by the authors of the article, general recommendations on the internal finishing of the outer walls of high-rise buildings are given.