bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of duration of single dynamical events on the result of evaluation of human perception of vibration in buildings
Authors: Kowalska-Koczwara Alicja , Pachla Filip , Valašková Veronika
Published: April 2020

The duration of vibration taken to the analysis influence on the result of evaluation of human perception of vibration. In this paper the relationship between the duration of individual events and the result of RMS and VDV analysis was investigated. The analysis was carried out on two buildings located close to Warsaw Metro line 1. The chosen buildings are typical masonry buildings located in the city center and subjected to three sources of traffic vibrations: subway, tramway and road. Evaluation of human perception of vibration was made using two different methods, the most popular, root mean squared method (RMS) and vibration dose value method (VDV). Methodology of these two methods is also described in the paper. The results from RMS and VDV methods are compared by using HPVR (human perception of vibration ratio) for RMS analysis. It is ratio discovered by prof. Stypula and it is very useful for the diagnosis. The conclusion from analysis are given.
Analysis of static and dynamic parameters of the wooden window glass frame
Authors: Papánová Zuzana , Papán Daniel
Published: April 2020

An integral part of each the window is its frame. This frame is a support of the glass panel. It is a part of window used for any load distribution to the other parts of buildings. Investigation of parameters of this member acting in the interaction system (glass-frame) is important for numerical modelling and simplified analytical solution. The main aim of the paper is to present experimental investigation of the static and dynamic parameters results of usual wooden and plastic windows.
Modelling of ensuring slope stability
Authors: Harabinová Slávka , Panulinová Eva
Published: April 2020

Analysis and assessment of the slopes stability are an important in geotechnical engineering for all the times. The first and foremost requirement for the modelling and design of slope is to guarantee their safety and reliability during their service life. In analysing the overall stability of the ground, of soil or rock, all relevant modes of failure shall be taken into account. When modelling a slope stability processes, it should be considered: soil layering, occurrence and inclination of discontinuities, seepage and pore-water pressure distribution, shortand long-term stability, type of failure (circular or non-circular surface; toppling; flow), using of numerical methods. The paper deals with the modelling of ensuring slope stability.
A statistical method for predicting the eccentric load capacity of rectangular concrete filled steel tubular columns
Authors: Vatulia Glib , Rezunenko Maryna , Petrenko Dmytro , Balaka Yevhen , Orel Yevhen
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the integrated approach to the study of the behaviour of rectangular CFST columns under eccentric compression. Such an approach includes the development of methods for assessing the magnitude of the carrying capacity, assessing the degree of reliability and credibility of the obtained results, as well as studying the nature of the development of columns deformations at various stages of loading. The authors developed a mathematical model for calculation of columns carrying capacity under eccentric compression based on statistical methods. Substantial amount of experimental data collected by the world leading laboratories enabled obtaining a regression dependence of the columns carrying capacity that takes into account the impact of the physical and geometric characteristics of such structures. High degree of model confidence is confirmed by a comparative analysis with experimental results that are not involved in the development of the model, as well as with calculations performed according to Eurocode, Japanese and Chinese regulatory documents. The article presents experimental studies of the nature of deformations development on the surface of the steel shell and inside the concrete core of various lengths rectangular columns. As a result of the experimental tests, it was established that the longitudinal strains of the compressed area of the shell have the most significant impact on the bearing capacity of eccentrically compressed steel concrete samples.
Investigation of the effect of a noise barrier on a railway track in the Kysuce region
Authors: Pultznerová Alžbeta , Grenčík Juraj
Published: April 2020

Purpose of the noise barriers is to create an acoustically sufficient impermeable obstacle located on the sound wave propagation path, thereby creating a shadow of the sound pressure level behind the barrier. The paper is focused on the analysis of measured noise values at specific selected points of the railway track in the region of Kysuce without noise barrier and on the determination of noise barrier efficiency. The observed values are compared with the permissible noise values specified by the Slovak legislation
Forecasting the strength properties of the large diameter polymer rebar based on the experimental analysis of its structure
Authors: Benin Andrey , Semenov Artem , Lobachev Maxim , Bogdanova Galina
Published: April 2020

Fiber reinforced plastic bar (FRP-rebar) is a two-component material consisting of polymer matrix (resin) and reinforcing filler (roving). Large-scale implementation of FRP-rebar and improvement of its manufacturing process have resulted in larger bar diameters. However, it is extremely complicated or even impossible to experimentally determine the mechanical properties of this kind of rebar when using standard testing machines. The reason for this is the low cross-direction strength of the rebar. The purpose of the research is to determine the elastic and strength properties of large diameter FRP-rebar by means of finite-element simulation as well as to analyze the influence of the components’ mass fractions and grooving on the mechanical properties being studied. In order to specify the parameters of the FE simulation model the authors performed some supplementary tests aimed at determining the structure of the fiber. A comparative study of the obtained numerical results against the experimental data is presented in the paper.
Numerical and experimental analysis of behaviour of steel fibre reinforced selfcompacting concrete slabs under loading
Authors: Lišovský Martin , Kocáb Dalibor , Žítt Petr , Wünsche Dominik
Published: April 2020

The paper deals with testing of self-compacting concrete slabs with scattered steel reinforcement, which are designed for the production of garden furniture or benches. A self-compacting concrete was designed for the experiment and its composition was further modified by the addition of steel fibres. Plain self-compacting concrete was used to produce test specimens with nominal dimensions of 40×40×160 mm, which were used to determine the basic properties of concrete, and test slabs for experimental analysis of their behaviour under load. The self-compacting concrete with steel fibres was only used to produce test slabs. The slabs were loaded in three different ways, of which one was to simulate real loading of the horizontal part of a concrete bench. The results of the loading tests are compared to the results of a nonlinear numerical analysis conducted using the finite element method.
Theoretical study for estimation of the dynamic stress intensity factor from results of an experimental measurement
Authors: Turis Matúš , Držík Milan , Ivánková Oľga
Published: April 2020

The aim of this contribution is a theoretical study for the estimation of the dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) using results from an experimental measurement. Using optical methods, it is possible to determine individual displacements of crack surfaces in multiple distances from the crack tip. Based on the theoretical distribution of displacements in the crack front, the DSIF can be estimated using the displacement extrapolation method at each time step. The main motivation for this methodology is the difficulty of estimation DSIF in real structures. The described approach is consequently compared with conventional numerical methods and the applicability is evaluated.
Numerical modeling of flow around a heated cylinder with a rough surface
Authors: Lausová Lenka , Michalcová Vladimíra , Kološ Ivan
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the numerical solution of the load of a heated chimney from wind effects. The paper examines flow around a heated cylinder with the rough surface in high Reynolds number regime. The results of drag coefficient, pressure coefficient and other related flow properties are compared with the calculations of the flow around the unheated cylinder.
Experimental investigation of aerodynamic coefficients of the Holy Trinity Column in wind tunnel
Authors: Michálek Petr , Hračov Stanislav
Published: April 2020

The analysis of the aerodynamic force coefficients of the Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc based on the experimental wind tunnel testing is presented. Two aerodynamic models corresponding to geometrical scales 1:75 and 1:150 were built using 3D-printer and tested in the smooth flow in order to define the global static wind effects. The larger model served as a reference case for the tests of the isolated column, while the model build with smaller scale enabled also the experimental examination of the influence of the closest surroundings. The comparison of the aerodynamic coefficients obtained from the testing of both models for various wind speeds confirms their similarity and interchangeability. The independence of the coefficients on Reynolds number, Re, were successfully verified and the presented coefficients were determined for Re = 2.7 105 for a large number of angles of wind attack. The significant decrease in the static wind load due to the surrounding buildings were observed. The obtained results can broaden the knowledge of wind load related to this type historical monuments and can be useful when deciding about their global maintenance, a type of remedial work or their conservation.
Experimental determination of wind action on triangular solar panel assemblies
Authors: Hubova Olga , Franek Michal , Macak Marek
Published: April 2020

The article deals with aerodynamic study of solar panel assemblies. Experimental measurements were realized in BLWT wind tunnel. The aim of the solution was to determine the maximum pressure and suction wind load on top and bottom surfaces of panels. The resulting net pressure coefficient represents the maximum local pressure in each panel row as maximum values from all wind directions. The experimentally obtained cp,net values were compared with the conservative values in EN 1991-1-4 for open monopitch canopies. A lower wind load in the inner regions of the triangular assemblies should be used in the design of fixing supports.
Pour un monde durable : journée mondiale de la corrosion, 24 avril 2020
Authors: Philippe Marcus
Published: April 2020

En France, la dégradation des matériaux sous l’effet de l’environnement a coûté, en 2019, plus de 80 milliards d’euros, et plus de 2500 milliards de dollars dans le monde. Un effort accru de recherche scientifique et technologique et une meilleure prise en compte dans la formation, initiale et continue, sont indispensables. Il faut aussi sensibiliser le grand public et les pouvoirs publics. C’est l’objectif de la Journée mondiale de la corrosion, lancée par la World Corrosion Organisation, avec le soutien de la Fédération européenne de la corrosion et du Centre français de l’anticorrosion, rogrammée le 24 avril 2020.
Nouvelles questions de recherche en bioéconomie
Authors: Colonna Paul , Axelos Monique , Beckert Michel , Callois Jean-Marc , Dugué Julien , Esnouf Catherine , Herbinet Bénédicte , Valceschini Egizio
Published: April 2020

Le défi de la bioéconomie est de concilier 3 approches différentes : les demandes et les comportements des citoyens-consommateurs, la préservation des écosystèmes et de leurs capacités de production de biens consommables et de services écosystémiques, et le croisement de la rationalité des flux verticaux (filière) de biomasses, d’énergie et d’informations à celle des usages des sols (systèmes de cultures et forestiers, villes, régions…). Suite au colloque européen sur la bioéconomie les 28 et 29 juin 2017 à Paris, rassemblant 320 personnes venant de pays européens, d’Amérique du Nord et du Sud, et d’Afrique, 5 besoins clés ont été identifiés : (a) le passage des filières au système, (b) le renforcement des leviers technologiques, organisationnels et réglementaires pour les transitions, (c) le besoin de représentations et de modélisations dans une vision à 2050, (d) des politiques publiques dédiées et (e) l’évaluation de la durabilité. 11 recommandations ont été émises pour promouvoir le développement de la bioéconomie.
Sunflower protein enrichment. Methods and potential applications
Authors: Murru Marcello , Calvo Concepcion Lera
Published: April 2020

A method to increase the protein content of sunflower meal was developed that uses a combination of milling, sieving and gravity tables to separate fractions with higher and lower protein content. The investigation allowed to compare different mills’ ability to break down the lumps of raw sunflower meal and allow a suitable mechanical separation with sieving and gravity separation. Different settings of the mills were tested with or without material pre-sieving. Sieve mesh sizes were investigated in the range 250 to 500 μm that allowed the production of high protein fine material and a good performance of the gravity table separation. Sunflower meal was successfully enriched in protein to a level similar to low protein soybean meal by utilising the process described in this work. In particular proteins were increased on average by 7% to a level of 43.5%. The yield of the separation can justify industrial applications of this process whereby the high protein material can have a potential use in feed and food formulations.
Stable extension of the unified model into the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
Authors: Griffith Matthew J. , Jackson David R. , Griffin Daniel J. , Budd Chris J.
Published: April 2020

A coupled Sun-to-Earth model is the goal for accurate forecasting of space weather. A key component of such a model is a whole atmosphere model – a general circulation model extending from the ground into the upper atmosphere – since it is now known that the lower atmosphere also drives variability and space weather in the upper atmosphere, in addition to solar variability. This objective motivates the stable extension of The Met Office’s Unified Model (UM) into the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT), acting as a first step towards a whole atmosphere model.

At the time of performing this research, radiation and chemistry schemes that are appropriate for use in the MLT had not yet been implemented. Furthermore, attempts to run the model with existing parameterizations and a raised upper boundary led to an unstable model with inaccurate solutions. Here, this instability is examined and narrowed down to the model’s radiation scheme – its assumption of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) is broken in the MLT. We subsequently address this issue by relaxation to a climatological temperature profile in this region. This provides a stable extended UM which can be used as a developmental tool for further examination of the model performance.

The standard vertical resolution used in the UM above 70 km is too coarse (approx. 5 km) to represent waves that are important for MLT circulation. We build on the success of the nudging implementation by testing the model at an improved vertical resolution. Initial attempts to address this problem with a 3 km vertical resolution and a 100 km lid were successful, but on increasing the resolution to 1.5 km the model becomes unstable due to large horizontal and vertical wind velocities. Increasing the vertical damping coefficient, which damps vertical velocities near the upper boundary, allows a successful year long climatology to be produced with these model settings. With the goal of a whole atmosphere model we also experiment with an increased upper boundary height. Increasing the upper model boundary to 120 and 135 km also leads to stable simulations. However, a 3 km resolution must be used and it is necessary to further increase the vertical damping coefficient.

This is highly promising initial work to raise the UM into the MLT, and paves the way for the development of a whole atmosphere model.
Dürfen Heilpraktiker Procain-Basen-Infusionen durchführen?
Authors: Kämper Siegfried
Published: April 2020

Eine Kollegenfrage zur rechtlichen Situation von Procain-Basen-Infusionen.
Was wissen Sie über…Sexualität?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: April 2020

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Wissensquiz-Fragen mit dem Thema Sexualität.
Kopfkino: Angst, nicht mehr zu können
Authors: Gundacker Stefanie
Published: April 2020

Samuel B. leidet an einer Hodenentzündung, die neben anderen Symptomen Schmerzen bei der Erektion auslöst. Die Erkrankung provoziert beim Patienten eine Reihe von Ängsten, unter anderem davor, seine Ehefrau nie wieder befriedigen zu können. Die Hypnosetherapie deckt eine grundlegende Ursache der Ängste auf – ein traumatisches Erlebnis aus Samuel B.s früher Kindheit.
Betörende Düfte für Ihr Liebesleben
Authors: Thumm Anusati
Published: April 2020

Ätherische Öle für sinnliche Massagen, aphrodisierende Raumdüfte und mehr.
Kontra vegane Ernährung in kindlichen Wachstumsphasen – ein ernährungsmedizinischer Kommentar
Authors: Biesalski Hans-Konrad , Kalhoff Hermann
Published: April 2020

Vegane Ernährung ist im Trend und vor allem bei jungen Frauen sehr beliebt. Abgesehen von der verständlichen ethischen Motivation (Tierwohl) gibt es eine Reihe von gesundheitlichen Aspekten, die als Argument vertreten werden. Dazu gehören z. B. der unbestritten geringere Fettgehalt oder der höhere Gehalt an Ballaststoffen. Aber auch Argumente, wie der Mensch hat seine Entwicklung der vegetarischen Ernährung zu verdanken, werden gerne ins Feld geführt. Nun sollte es jedem Einzelnen selbst überlassen sein, wie er sich ernährt. Was aber, wenn in der Schwangerschaft ein werdender Mensch mitisst? Sieht man sich den Bedarf einer Schwangeren, der bei manchen Mikronährstoffen (Vitamine, Minerale, Spurenelemente) deutlich über dem liegt, was eine Nichtschwangere braucht, an, so wird die vegane Ernährung selbst bei bester Planung problematisch. Dies betrifft vor allem die Versorgung mit Vitamin B12, aber auch Eisen, Jod, Vitamin D, Kalzium und Zink sowie Folsäure. Eine Versorgung, die den gesteigerten Bedarf in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit unterschreitet, kann das körperliche Wachstum und die kognitive Entwicklung des Kindes gefährden. Für Säuglinge, Kinder und Jugendliche müssen bei veganer Kost anhaltend differenzierte und individualisierte Ernährungsstrategien und regelmäßig spezifische Substitutionen sichergestellt werden (in allen Altersgruppen ist eine regelmäßige Vitamin-B12-Substitution notwendig). Wer generell eine vegane Ernährung in der Schwangerschaft, Stillzeit und in weiteren kindlichen Wachstumsphasen empfiehlt, gefährdet damit die Entwicklung des Kindes.
Comparison of patterns of laxative ingestion to improve bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Laiyemo Adeyinka O. , Idowu Kolapo A. , Burnside Clinton , Williams Carla D. , Jack Momodu , Mekasha Getachew , Ashktorab Hassan , Brim Hassan , Lee Edward L. , Sanderson Andrew K. , Kibreab Angesom , Kwagyan John
Published: April 2020

Background and study aims Negative experiences with bowel preparation are a barrier to uptake of colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different flavoring of polyethylene glycol (PEG) laxatives on patient satisfaction with and adequacy of bowel preparation during colonoscopy.

Patients and methods This was a single-blind (endoscopist), parallel design, randomized trial (NCT 02062112) during which patients scheduled for colonoscopy were assigned to one of three groups: Group 1 (no laxative flavoring, n = 84); Group 2 (flavored entire laxative, n = 90) and Group 3 (tasted PEG with and without flavoring and decided how they want to drink the rest of the laxatives (choice group), n = 82). Patients rated their bowel preparation experience (satisfaction) and endoscopists accessed adequacy of bowel preparation during colonoscopy.

Results There were no differences in patient ratings across the groups (1, 2 and 3) in taste of the laxatives (P = 0.67), ease of drinking (P = 0.53), and overall experience of bowel preparation process (P = 0.18). However, higher percentage of patients in the choice group would want the same laxative again if they were going to have a repeat colonoscopy in the future (72.5 % vs 81.3 % vs 88.9 %, P = 0.04). Surprisingly, adequacy of bowel preparation was highest among patients who drank their PEG unflavored (89.3 % vs 80 % vs 75.5 %, P = 0.07) and the had highest rates of adenoma detection (40.5 % vs 23.3 vs 39.0, P = 0.03).

Conclusions There were no differences in overall tolerability of bowel preparation by patterns of flavoring of PEG. Those who drank unflavored PEG were less satisfied but had better clinical outcome, suggesting minimum justification effect in bowel preparation process.
Cellulose nanofiber dispersion as a new submucosal injection material for endoscopic treatment: preliminary experimental study
Authors: Morisawa Toshiyuki , Okada Akihiko , Kataoka Yuuki , Masaki Sho , Hayashi Takayuki
Published: April 2020

Background and aims Although various solutions have been tested for submucosal injections during endoscopic treatment, the ideal solution has not been established. We investigated the suitability of a cellulose nanofiber (CNF) dispersion with high viscosity and thixotropy as a potential submucosal injection material for endoscopic treatment.

Methods We evaluated the catheter injectability and mucosa-elevating capacity of CNF dispersion compared with sodium hyaluronate (SH) solution, which has been reported to be a promising submucosal injection solution. The catheter injectability of CNF dispersion was examined under conditions equivalent to those used clinically in endoscopic treatment. The mucosa-elevating capacity of CNF dispersion was examined in porcine stomachs.

Results There was no significant difference between the catheter injectability of 0.4 % CNF dispersion and 0.4 % SH solutions; however, 0.4 % CNF dispersion maintained significantly higher and longer elevation of the submucosal layer than 0.4 % SH solution. A clear separation of the mucosal layer from the underlying muscle layer was achieved by injecting 0.4 % CNF dispersion.

Conclusion This preliminary study suggests that CNF dispersion could be an ideal submucosal injection material for endoscopic treatment because of its unique high thixotropy index.
Slow-pull compared to suction technique for EUS-guided sampling of pancreatic solid lesions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Capurso Gabriele , Archibugi Livia , Petrone Maria Chiara , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio
Published: April 2020

Background and study aims Current ESGE guidelines suggest employing the suction (SU) technique for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling of pancreatic solid lesions. Nonetheless, recent randomized controlled trials (RCT) have reported that the slow-pull (SP) technique has similar diagnostic accuracy with possibly less blood contamination. However, these results are heterogeneous and limited to small cohorts. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare adequacy, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the SU and SP techniques for EUS-guided sampling of solid pancreatic lesions.

Methods A computerized bibliographic search was restricted to RCTs. Pooled effects were calculated using a random-effects model and expressed in terms of pooled sensitivity and specificity and OR (95 % CI) for adequacy and accuracy.

Results Overall, seven RCTs were included, for a total of 475 patients (163 lesions sampled with SU, 164 with SP and 148 by both). The adequacy was similar (OR = 0.98) without heterogeneity (I2 = 0 %), but a high degree of blood contamination was more common with SU than SP (pooled rate 27.6 % vs 19.7 %). A non-significant superiority of SP in terms of pooled accuracy (OR = 0.82; 95 % CI 0.36–1.85) was recorded, with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 52.4 %). The SP technique showed a slightly higher pooled sensitivity compared to SU (88.7 % vs 83.4 %), while specificity was similar (97.2 % SP vs 96.9 % SU), with considerable heterogeneity.

Conclusion The current meta-analysis reveals non-superiority of SU over SP, while SP results in reduced blood contamination. If the 5 % accuracy difference favouring SP is true, with alfa error = 0.05 and beta = 0.20, a RCT of 982 patients per arm is needed to confirm significance.
Lavendel
Authors: Niedenthal Tobias , Puchtler Elke
Published: April 2020

Lavendel ist Arzneipflanze des Jahres 2020 in Deutschland und Österreich - In Deutschlandsteht die angstlösende Wirkung des Echten Lavendels im Vordergrund, in Österreich wird auchdie Anwendung des Speik-Lavendels bei Erkältungskrankheiten betont
Early Prenatal Diagnosis of Double Aortic Arch: Prevalence, Associated Anomalies and Outcome
Authors: Zmora Osnat , Beloosesky Ron , Khatib Nizar , Ginsberg Yuval , Khoury Asad , Bronshtein Moshe
Published: April 2020

Purpose Our aims were to describe the feasibility of diagnosis of DAA in early pregnancy and to assess its prenatal prevalence, associated anomalies and outcome.

Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort review of all DAA cases diagnosed by early prenatal transvaginal scans at 12–17 weeks of gestation between the years 2007–2018 was performed. Associated anomalies, genetic abnormalities and long-term postnatal outcome were evaluated.

Results 12 cases of DAA were diagnosed by early prenatal transvaginal scans at a median of 15 (range: 12–17) weeks of gestation out of a total of 28 654 early scans preformed with a prevalence of at least 1:2378. Associated anomalies/genetic abnormalities were found in 5/12 (42 %) cases. The diagnosis was confirmed postnatally in all newborns. In two cases termination of pregnancy was performed. Four patients (40 %) were symptomatic. Six patients (60 %) underwent surgery due to symptoms or due to severe obstruction on imaging with resolution of symptoms in all except one patient.

Conclusion DAA can be readily diagnosed transvaginally even in the first trimester. Its prevalence is 1:2387. A search for associated anomalies and genetic abnormalities should be performed. If DAA is isolated, the prognosis with or without surgery is usually good.
Rendezvous transgastric and percutaneous sinus tract endoscopy (STE) for debridement of necrotic collections with deep retroperitoneal extension: a case series (with video)
Authors: Trikudanathan Guru , Hashmi Hiba , Dirweesh Ahmed , Amateau Stuart , Azeem Nabeel , Mallery Shawn , Freeman Martin L.
Published: April 2020

Background and study aims Infected necrotic collections extending deep into the retroperitoneum may not be amenable solely to endoscopic necrosectomy. Rendezvous transgastric and percutaneous sinus tract endoscopic necrosectomy was conceived to maximize debridement and obviate the need for open necrosectomy or video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement.

Patients and methods Patients who underwent simultaneous rendezvous transgastric and sinus tract endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy at the same session were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Demographic data, clinical outcomes, immediate and late complications were evaluated.

Results Among 415 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis, four patients (three males, median age 47 years) underwent this intervention after a median 29.5 days following placement of percutaneous drain. Intra-procedural bleeding following dilation of percutaneous tract required placement of esophageal stent for tamponade. No patients required rescue open necrosectomy or video assisted retroperitoneal debridement. Complete removal of percutaneous drains was accomplished in all patients after a median of 78.5 days.

Conclusions Our novel approach is safe and effective and can expand the available armamentarium for management of large necrotic collection with deep retroperitoneal extension.
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa as the Main Causative Agent of Osteomyelitis
and its Susceptibility to Antibiotics
Authors: Pliska Natalya N.
Published: April 2020

Surgical activity is increasing in the treatment of many types of fractures, the
use of various metal structures, and the potential for infection with the
development of osteomyelitis accordingly increases. The urgency of the problem
is due to the fact that this disease is the most expensive medical problem,
especially when it comes to prosthetics of large joints, with socially
significant losses and the occurrence of disability in patients of working age,
it requires long-term treatment. The aim of this study was to study one of the
most complex pathogens of life-threatening infections due to its high virulence
and ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, in particular the
action of antibacterial drugs and the study of its sensitivity to certain groups
of antimicrobial drugs. The results of the study showed that over the three
years of observation in 2017–2019, the average value of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa in the amount of 10.8% was established in the etiology of
osteomyelitis. The revealed sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is preserved
to fluoroquinolone – levofloxanin, aminoglycosides-amikacin, gentamicin,
carbapenems – meropenem, doripenem. All of the above drugs can be used
as empirical therapy. During this period, a significant decrease in sensitivity
was found, which reached in 2019 for cefepime – 51.9%,
pefloxacin – 55.8%, ertapenem – 59.7%. The
success of the treatment of this pathology directly depends on the timely
microbiological diagnosis and the choice of patient treatment tactics with the
appointment of effective antibacterial therapy, with an adequate exposure of
antibiotic.
What constitutes urgent endoscopy? A social media snapshot of gastroenterologists’ views during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bilal Mohammad , Simons Malorie , Rahman Asad Ur , Smith Zachary L. , Umar Shifa , Cohen Jonah , Sawhney Mandeep S. , Berzin Tyler M. , Pleskow Douglas K.
Published: April 2020

Background and study aims There is a consensus among gastroenterology organizations that elective endoscopic procedures should be deferred during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the decision to perform urgent procedures and to defer entirely elective procedures is mostly evident, there is a wide “middle ground” of time-sensitive but not technically urgent or emergent endoscopic interventions. We aimed to survey gastroenterologists worldwide using Twitter to help elucidate these definitions using commonly encountered clinical scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods A 16-question survey was designed by the authors to include common clinical scenarios that do not have clear guidelines regarding the timing or urgency of endoscopic evaluation. This survey was posted on Twitter. The survey remained open to polling for 48 hours. During this time, multiple gastroenterologists and fellows with prominent social media presence were tagged to disseminate the survey.

Results The initial tweet had 38,795 impressions with a total of 2855 engagements. There was significant variation in responses from gastroenterologists regarding timing of endoscopy in these semi-urgent scenarios. There were only three of 16 scenarios for which more than 70 % of gastroenterologists agreed on procedure-timing. For example, significant variation was noted in regard to timing of upper endoscopy in patients with melena, with 44.5 % of respondents believing that everyone with melena should undergo endoscopic evaluation at this time. Similarly, about 35 % of respondents thought that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should only be performed in patients with choledocholithiasis with abdominal pain or jaundice.

Conclusion Our analysis shows that there is currently lack of consensus among gastroenterologists in regards to timing of semi-urgent or non-life-threatening procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results support the need for the ongoing development of societal guidance for these “semi-urgent” scenarios to help gastroenterologists in making difficult triage decisions.
Ethics in Health Informatics
Authors: Goodman Kenneth W.
Published: April 2020

Contemporary bioethics was fledged and is sustained by challenges posed by new technologies. These technologies have affected many lives. Yet health informatics affects more lives than any of them. The challenges include the development and the appropriate uses and users of machine learning software, the balancing of privacy rights against the needs of public health and clinical practice in a time of Big Data analytics, whether and how to use this technology, and the role of ethics and standards in health policy. Historical antecedents in statistics and evidence-based practice foreshadow some of the difficulties now faced, but the scope and scale of these challenges requires that ethics, too, be brought to scale in parallel, especially given the size of contemporary data sets and the processing power of new computers. Fortunately, applied ethics affords a variety of tools to help identify and rank applicable values, support best practices, and contribute to standards. The bioethics community can in partnership with the informatics community arrive at policies that promote the health sciences while reaffirming the many and varied rights that patients expect will be honored.
Practical Synthesis of the Fluorogenic Enzyme Substrate 4-Methylumbelliferyl α-l-Idopyranosiduronic Acid
Authors: Ding Haixin , Xiao Qiang , Tian Jiameng , Ouyang Wenliang , He Yanling , Ning Qianqian , Bai Jiang
Published: April 2020

A practical and concise synthesis of 4-methylumbelliferyl α-l-idopyranosiduronic acid, a fluorogenic enzyme substrate diagnostic for α-l-iduronidase, was accomplished. It features successive radical bromination and radical reduction of easily accessible methyl 4-methyl­umbelliferyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-glucouronate in four steps with 28% overall yield.
Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis for Lower Extremity Lymphedema: A Systematic Review
Authors: Forte Antonio J. , Khan Nawal , Huayllani Maria T. , Boczar Daniel , Saleem Humza Y. , Lu Xiaona , Manrique Oscar J. , Ciudad Pedro , McLaughlin Sarah A.
Published: April 2020

Background Lymphedema is an accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the interstitial spaces resulting from impairment in the lymphatic circulation that can impair quality of life and cause considerable morbidity. Lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) has an overall incidence rate of 20%. Conservative therapies are the first step in treatment of LEL; however, they do not provide a cure because they fail to address the underlying physiologic dysfunction of the lymphatic system. Among several surgical alternatives, lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) has gained popularity due to its improved outcomes and less invasive approach. This study aims to review the published literature on LVA for LEL treatment and to analyze the surgical outcomes.

Methods PubMed database was used to perform a comprehensive literature review of all articles describing LVA for treatment of LEL from Novemeber 1985 to June 2019. Search terms included “lymphovenous” OR “lymphaticovenous” AND “bypass” OR “anastomosis” OR “shunt” AND “lower extremity lymphedema.”

Results A total of 95 articles were identified in the initial query, out of which 58 individual articles were deemed eligible. The studies included in this review describe notable variations in surgical techniques, number of anastomoses, and supplementary interventions. All, except one study, reported positive outcomes based on limb circumference and volume changes or subjective clinical improvement. The largest reduction rate in limb circumference and volume was 63.8%.

Conclusion LVA demonstrated a considerable reduction in limb volume and improvement in subjective findings of lymphedema in the majority of patients. The maintained effectiveness of this treatment modality in long-term follow-up suggests great efficacy of LVA in LEL treatment.
Concomitant Congenital Horner and Harlequin Syndromes: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Elnahry Ayman G. , Gamal Eldin Aisha A. , Elnahry Aya G. , Elnahry Gehad A.
Published: April 2020

Harlequin syndrome is a condition characterized by autonomic dysfunction leading to hemifacial flushing on one side with pallor and impaired sweating on the other side. It is a rare condition that can be both congenital and acquired, with congenital cases being rarer, comprising ~6% of all Harlequin syndrome cases. Harlequin syndrome is usually associated with other autonomic disturbances including Horner syndrome especially when presenting as a congenital condition. We reported the findings of a rare case of concomitant congenital Horner and Harlequin syndromes in an otherwise healthy 4-month-old male infant patient and provided a review of the current literature.
Torsion is Tolerated in Arterial End to Venous Side Anastomoses in the Rat Model
Authors: Levi Maxwell A. , Harb Amro A. , Nicolas Celine F. , Corvi John J. , Kozato Aki , Akelina Yelena , Kadiyala Rajendra Kumar , Strauch Robert J.
Published: April 2020

Background End-to-side (ETS) anastomoses are necessary for many procedures in microvascular surgery, such as free flap transfers. In training courses that use the rat model, the arterial end to venous side (AEVS) anastomosis is a common training exercise for ETS anastomoses. Surgeons-in-training often inadvertently twist the artery when completing the AEVS anastomosis; however, in the clinical setting, torsion is a reported risk factor for ETS anastomosis failure. The purpose of this study was to determine if torsion in an AEVS anastomosis would have a negative effect on patency in the rat model, accurately simulating the clinical scenario.

Methods All AEVS anastomoses were completed in 15 Sprague–Dawley rats divided into three torsion cohorts: 0, 90, and 180 degrees. Torsion was created in the AEVS anastomosis by mismatching the first two sutures placed between the free femoral artery end and the venotomy. Patency was verified at 0, 2, and 4 hours postoperation via the oxygenated–deoxygenated test and transit-time ultrasound blood flow measurements.

Results All AEVS anastomoses were patent 0, 2, and 4 hours postoperation according to both the oxygenated–deoxygenated test and transit-time ultrasound blood flow measurements. For the average blood flow measurements at 4 hours postoperation, the proximal measurements for 0, 90, and 180 degrees were −34.3, −18.7, and −13.8 mL/min respectively, and the distal measurements were 4.48, 3.46, and 2.90 mL/min, respectively.

Conclusion Torsion of 180 degrees does not affect early AEVS anastomosis patency in the rat model. This contrasts with the clinical setting, where torsion is reported to cause ETS anastomosis failure. Since AEVS anastomosis torsion is often difficult to appreciate visually, we suggested that microvascular surgery training instructors include a method to both detect and prevent AEVS anastomosis torsion, such as by marking the free femoral artery end with a marking pen or suture before beginning the anastomosis.
The Essential Local Muscle Flaps for Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Atia Andrew , Vernon Rebecca , Pyfer Bryan J. , Shammas Ronnie L. , Hollenbeck Scott T.
Published: April 2020

Background Lower extremity reconstruction is often a challenging prospect with major implications on a patient’s quality of life. For complex defects of the lower extremity, special consideration must be given to ensure suitable and durable coverage. In the following article, we present the essential local muscle flaps for lower extremity reconstruction and discuss guiding principles for the reconstructive surgeon to consider.

Methods A thorough literature review was performed using PubMed to identify commonly used local muscle flaps for lower extremity reconstruction. Common considerations for each identified flap were noted.

Results The essential local muscle flaps for lower extremity reconstruction were identified and classified based on anatomical region of the defect to be reconstructed. General considerations and postoperative management were discussed to aid in operative decision making.

Conclusion While many factors must be taken into account when performing lower extremity reconstruction, there are numerous reliable local muscle flaps which can be used to successfully provide durable coverage for a variety of soft tissue defects of the lower extremity.
Emergence Delirium: Can Corticosteroids Contribute to It?
Authors: Esmel-Vilomara Roger , Cruz Alejandro , Inoriza Cristina , Andreu Eva , Munar Francisca
Published: April 2020

We report a case of emergence delirium after a propofol-based sedation for a renal biopsy in a teenager patient who had received high-dose and long-term corticosteroid treatment. Corticosteroid treatment is proposed as a possible risk factor for emergence delirium, although controlled studies are needed to assess this relationship. Although treatment for emergence delirium has not been well established, as described with steroid-induced psychiatric symptoms, antipsychotics could be a good therapeutic option.
Random positive operator valued measures
Authors: Heinosaari Teiko , Jivulescu Maria Anastasia , Nechita Ion
Published: April 2020

We introduce several notions of random positive operator valued measures (POVMs), and we prove that some of them are equivalent. We then study statistical properties of the effect operators for the canonical examples, starting from the limiting eigenvalue distribution. We derive the large system limit for several quantities of interest in quantum information theory, such as the sharpness, the noise content, and the probability range. Finally, we study different compatibility criteria, and we compare them for generic POVMs.
Plasma current regulated by balance between driving and restricting forces
Authors: Yambe Kiyoyuki , Inamura Takuya
Published: April 2020

In many plasma applications, the plasma current, which is determined by the plasma density and drift velocity, is an important parameter when investigating the induced phenomenon and its effects. However, it is unclear which physical parameters are responsible for regulating the current. Plasma is generated by a balance between the driving and restricting forces. The driving force originates from the electric and magnetic fields, and the restricting force originates from collisions between different species (electrons, ions, and neutral particles). When the electric field fluctuates over time, the pressure of the driving force is generated. The pressure of the driving force depends on the square of the electric field and the reciprocal of the repetition frequency. The pressure of the restricting force depends on the gas flow velocity and the collision frequency. When electrons and/or ions flow with the flowing neutral gas, a plasma current is generated from flowing charged particles. The magnitude of the plasma current is linearly proportional to the pressure caused by the driving force, and the variation in the plasma current depends on the pressure caused by the restricting force. In addition, the plasma current varies with the applied period of the voltage. Consequently, the plasma charge, which is the time integral of the plasma current, shows a linear relationship with the driving force and is thus regulated by the force balance between the driving and restricting forces. Therefore, the plasma current value and its generation time are regulated by the strength, applied period, and repetition frequency of the applied voltage and the neutral gas flow velocity.
Effect of high-temperature post-deposition annealing on cesium lead bromide thin films deposited by vacuum evaporation
Authors: Murata Ayuki , Nishimura Tatsuya , Shimizu Hirofumi , Shiratori Yuta , Kato Takuya , Ishikawa Ryousuke , Miyajima Shinsuke
Published: April 2020

The effects of high-temperature (500 °C) post-deposition annealing (PDA) on the properties of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) films deposited by vacuum evaporation were studied. The PDA effectively improved the grain size of the CsPbBr3 films. This improvement of the grain size leads to the improvement of carrier diffusion length from 0.1 µm to 0.5 μm. A CsPbBr3 solar cell fabricated using a CsPbBr3 layer with PDA at 500 °C for 60 min showed a conversion efficiency of 6.62% (VOC = 1.465 V, JSC = 6.57 mA/cm2, and FF = 0.688). Our CsPbB3 solar cell also showed a conversion efficiency of 22.5% (VOC = 1.502 V, JSC = 53.7 mA/cm2, and FF = 0.574) for blue LED light (peak wavelength of 453 nm) with an intensity of 206 mW/cm2.
Shock compression response of an insensitive high explosive single crystal: 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7)
Authors: Winey J. M. , Toyoda Y. , Gupta Y. M.
Published: April 2020

Insensitive high explosives (IHEs)—which do not compromise performance—are of considerable interest as a safer alternative to conventional high explosives, such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine. Despite the strong interest in using IHEs, shock compression experiments on IHE single crystals have not been reported. To address this need, plate impact experiments were conducted to measure wave profiles in 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) single crystals—a representative IHE crystal—shocked to 21 GPa longitudinal stress. Particle velocity histories, measured using laser interferometry, show a clear two-wave structure (elastic–inelastic response) at modest stresses (<3.8 GPa). Wave profiles at higher stresses show a single (overdriven) wave. Measured shock velocities and wave profiles provide accurate Hugoniot data to 21 GPa. The measured wave profiles to 21 GPa show no sign of energy release due to chemical decomposition and constitute the first demonstration of an IHE single crystal insensitivity under plane shock compression. Numerical simulations using a phenomenological material model developed for FOX-7 showed good agreement with the measured wave profiles. The experimental findings and continuum simulations presented here constitute a significant first step in gaining an insight into the shock compression response of IHE single crystals.
A new implicit nonlinear discrete scheme for Rosenau–Burgers equation based on multiple integral finite volume method
Authors: Guo Cui , Xue Wenjing , Wang Yinglin , Zhang Zhixin
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we study the initial-boundary value problem of the Rosenau–Burgers equation by the multiple integral finite volume method (MIFVM). The MIFVM can keep the original equation property very well. We propose a two-level implicit nonlinear discrete scheme, which preserves the energy decline property of the original equation. Existence and uniqueness of the numerical solution are derived. The convergence with the order of O(τ2 + h3) and unconditional stability of the numerical scheme are verified. Numerical examples demonstrate that the scheme is reliable and effective.
Nonlinear laser absorption on metal surfaces embedded with metallic nanoparticles and nanotubes
Authors: Yadav Mamta , Kumar Ashok , Mandal Subhayan
Published: April 2020

The nonlinear absorption of a short laser on metal surfaces, embedded with metallic nanoparticles and nanotubes, is studied theoretically. The absorption is resonantly enhanced by the surface plasmon resonance where the laser frequency becomes comparable to the frequency of surface charge oscillations. Heat conduction inside the metal limits the rise in electron temperature. The absorption coefficient increases with the angle of incidence for all frequencies. For expanding clusters, the heating rate rises with time, attaining a sharp maximum at the instant when the plasmon resonance occurs. Beyond this time, the electron temperature falls due to thermal conduction. Similar effects are observed in the case of carbon nanotubes.