bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Different Antimicrobial Peptides (A-11 and AP19) on Isolated Bacteria from Fresh Boar Semen and Semen Quality during Storage at 18 °C
Authors: Keeratikunakorn Krittika , Chanapiwat Panida , Aunpad Ratchaneewan , Ngamwongsatit Natharin , Kaeoket Kampon
Published: May 2024

Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is a major public health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) could be an alternative to conventional antibiotics. The purpose of this research was to investigate the antimicrobial ability of the synthetic AMPs (i.e., A-11 and AP19) on the most frequently isolated bacteria in boar semen and their effect on extended boar semen quality during storage. We tested the antimicrobial effect of A-11 and AP19 at different concentrations and compared them with gentamicin for inhibiting the growth of E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis that were isolated from fresh boar semen. In order to evaluate the effect of AMP on semen qualities on days 0, 1, 3, and 5 after storage at 18 °C, seven fresh boar semen samples were collected, diluted with semen extender with antibiotic (i.e., gentamicin at 200 µg/mL, positive control) or without (negative control), and semen extender contained only A-11 or AP19 at different concentrations (i.e., 62.50, 31.25, and 15.625 µg/mL). The total bacterial count was also measured at 0, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after storage. Comparable to gentamicin, both A-11 and AP19 inhibited the growth of E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis at 62.50, 31.25, and 15.625 µg/mL, respectively. Comparing the total bacterial count at 0, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h after storage, the lowest total bacterial concentration was found in the positive control group (p < 0.05), and an inferior total bacterial concentration was found in the treatment groups than in the negative control. On day 1, there is a lower percentage of all sperm parameters in the AP19 group at a concentration of 62.50 µg/mL compared with the other groups. On day 3, the highest percentage of all sperm parameters was found in the positive control and A-11 at a concentration of 31.25 µg/mL compared with the other groups. The AP19 group at 62.5 µg/mL constantly yielded inferior sperm parameters. On day 5, only A-11 at a concentration of 15.625 µg/mL showed a total motility higher than 70%, which is comparable to the positive control. A-11 and AP19 showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis isolated from boar semen. Considering their effect on semen quality during storage, these antimicrobial peptides are an alternative to conventional antibiotics used in boar semen extenders. Nevertheless, the utilization of these particular antimicrobial peptides relied on the concentration and duration of storage.
Omega-3-Rich Tuna Oil Derived from By-Products of the Canned Tuna Industry Enhances Memory in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Menopause
Authors: Wattanathorn Jintanaporn , Thukham-Mee Wipawee
Published: May 2024

To increase the value of the by-products of the canned tuna industry, the memory enhancement effect and the possible mechanisms of omega-3-rich tuna oil in bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) rats were assessed. Female rats were orally given tuna oil at doses of 140, 200, and 250 mg/kg of body weight (BW) for 28 days before OVX and for 21 days continually after OVX. Memory performance was assessed every week, whereas the parameters regarding mechanisms of action were assessed at the end of the study. All doses of tuna oil enhanced memory, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities but decreased cortisol, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Medium and high doses of tuna oil suppressed monoamine oxidase (MAO) but increased eNOS activity. A high dose of tuna oil suppressed gamma-aminotransferase (GABA-T) but increased glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and sirtuin-1. A medium dose of tuna oil decreased homocysteine (Hcys) and C-reactive protein. No change in telomere or estradiol was observed in this study. Our results suggest the memory-enhancing effect of tuna oil in an OVX rat model of menopause. The main mechanisms may involve a reduction in oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitter regulation.
Dietary Supplementation with Naringin Improves Systemic Metabolic Status and Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Transition Cows via Modulating Adipose Tissue Function: A Lipid Perspective
Authors: Li Liuxue , Bai Sarula , Zhao Huiying , Tan Jian , Wang Ying , Zhang Ao , Jiang Linshu , Zhao Yuchao
Published: May 2024

Dairy cows face metabolic challenges around the time of calving, leading to a negative energy balance and various postpartum health issues. Adipose tissue is crucial for cows during this period, as it regulates energy metabolism and supports immune function. Naringin, one of the main flavonoids in citrus fruit and their byproducts, is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytoconstituent. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplemental naringin on performance, systemic inflammation, oxidative status, and adipose tissue metabolic status. A total of 36 multiparous Holstein cows (from ~21 d prepartum through 35 d postpartum) were provided a basal control (CON) diet or a CON diet containing naringin (NAR) at 30 g/d per cow. Supplemental NAR increased the yield of raw milk and milk protein, without affecting dry matter intake. Cows fed NAR showed significantly lower levels (p < 0.05) of serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-6, malonaldehyde, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, but increased (p < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase activity relative to those fed CON. Supplemental NAR increased (p < 0.05) adipose tissue adiponectin abundance, decreased inflammatory responses, and reduced oxidative stress. Lipidomic analysis showed that cows fed NAR had lower concentrations of ceramide species (p < 0.05) in the serum and adipose tissue than did the CON-fed cows. Adipose tissue proteomics showed that proteins related to lipolysis, ceramide biosynthesis, inflammation, and heat stress were downregulated (p < 0.05), while those related to glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and the extracellular matrix were upregulated (p < 0.05). Feeding NAR to cows may reduce the accumulation of ceramide by lowering serum levels of NEFA and LPS and increasing adiponectin expression, thereby decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress in adipose tissue, ultimately improving their systemic metabolic status. Including NAR in periparturient cows’ diets improves lactational performance, reduces excessive lipolysis in adipose tissue, and decreases systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress. Integrating lipidomic and proteomic data revealed that reduced ceramide and increased glycerophospholipids may alleviate metabolic dysregulations in adipose tissue, which in turn benefits systemic metabolic status.
Antioxidative Potential and Ameliorative Effects of Rice Bran Fermented with Lactobacillus against High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice
Authors: Yin Tingting , Chen Yidan , Li Wenzhao , Tang Tingting , Li Tong , Xie Binbin , Xiao Dong , He Hailun
Published: May 2024

Rice bran is an important byproduct of the rice polishing process, rich in nutrients, but it is underutilized and often used as feed or discarded, resulting in a huge amount of waste. In this study, rice bran was fermented by Lactobacillus fermentum MF423 to obtain a product with high antioxidant activity. First, a reliable and efficient method for assessing the antioxidant capacity of the fermentation products was established using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which ensured the consistency of the batch fermentation. The fermented rice bran product (FLRB) exhibited significant antioxidant activity in cells, C. elegans, and hyperlipidemic mice. Transcriptome analysis of mouse livers showed that the expression of plin5 was upregulated in diabetic mice administered FLRB, thereby preventing the excessive production of free fatty acids (FFAs) and the subsequent generation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These studies lay the foundation for the application of rice bran fermentation products.
Proteome Analysis Related to Unsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis by Interfering with Bovine Adipocyte ACSL1 Gene
Authors: Bai Yanbin , Li Jingsheng , Wei Yali , Chen Zongchang , Liu Zhanxin , Guo Dashan , Jia Xue , Niu Yanmei , Shi Bingang , Zhang Xiaolan , Zhao Zhidong , Hu Jiang , Han Xiangmin , Wang Jiqing , Liu Xiu , Li Shaobin
Published: May 2024

Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in beef play a vital role in promoting human health. Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthase 1 (ACSL1) is a crucial gene for UFA synthesis in bovine adipocytes. To investigate the protein expression profile during UFA synthesis, we performed a proteomic analysis of bovine adipocytes by RNA interference and non-interference with ACSL1 using label-free techniques. A total of 3558 proteins were identified in both the NC and si-treated groups, of which 1428 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; fold change ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83 and p-value < 0.05). The enrichment analysis of the DEPs revealed signaling pathways related to UFA synthesis or metabolism, including cAMP, oxytocin, fatty acid degradation, glycerol metabolism, insulin, and the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes (p-value < 0.05). Furthermore, based on the enrichment analysis of the DEPs, we screened 50 DEPs that potentially influence the synthesis of UFAs and constructed an interaction network. Moreover, by integrating our previously published transcriptome data, this study established a regulatory network involving differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DELs), highlighting 21 DEPs and 13 DELs as key genes involved in UFA synthesis. These findings present potential candidate genes for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying UFA synthesis in bovines, thereby offering insights to enhance the quality of beef and contribute to consumer health in future studies.
Perfusion Techniques in Kidney Allograft Preservation to Reduce Ischemic Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hasjim Bima J. , Sanders Jes M. , Alexander Michael , Redfield Robert R. , Ichii Hirohito
Published: May 2024

The limited supply and rising demand for kidney transplantation has led to the use of allografts more susceptible to ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) and oxidative stress to expand the donor pool. Organ preservation and procurement techniques, such as machine perfusion (MP) and normothermic regional perfusion (NRP), have been developed to preserve allograft function, though their long-term outcomes have been more challenging to investigate. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the benefits of MP and NRP compared to traditional preservation techniques. PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were queried, and of 13,794 articles identified, 54 manuscripts were included (n = 41 MP; n = 13 NRP). MP decreased the rates of 12-month graft failure (OR 0.67; 95%CI 0.55, 0.80) and other perioperative outcomes such as delayed graft function (OR 0.65; 95%CI 0.54, 0.79), primary nonfunction (OR 0.63; 95%CI 0.44, 0.90), and hospital length of stay (15.5 days vs. 18.4 days) compared to static cold storage. NRP reduced the rates of acute rejection (OR 0.48; 95%CI 0.35, 0.67) compared to in situ perfusion. Overall, MP and NRP are effective techniques to mitigate IRI and play an important role in safely expanding the donor pool to satisfy the increasing demands of kidney transplantation.
Interlocking Joints with Multiple Locks: Torsion-Shear Failure Analysis Using Discrete Element and Equilibrium-Based SiDMACIB Models
Authors: Mousavian Elham , Casapulla Claudia
Published: May 2024

SiDMACIB (Structurally informed Design of Masonry Assemblages Composed of Interlocking Blocks) is the first numerical model capable of extending the equilibrium problem of limit analysis to interlocking assemblies. Adopting the concave formulation, this model can compute the stress state at the corrugated faces with orthotropic behaviour, such as their combined torsion-shear capacity. Generally speaking, finding the plastic torsion-shear capacity of planar faces shared between conventional blocks is still a fresh topic, while investigating this capacity for interlocking interfaces is particularly rather unexplored. Upon the authors’ previous works that focused on interlocking blocks with a single lock, in this paper, an extension to blocks composed of several locks (multi-lock interfaces) is presented and the SiDMACIB model is upgraded accordingly. For this purpose, the shear-torsion results obtained from the original SiDMACIB formulation are validated and subsequently compared with those derived from distinct element analysis conducted using the 3DEC 7.0 software. Based on this comparison, revisions to the SiDMACIB model are proposed, involving a reduction in the number of locks affecting torsion-shear capacity.
The Influence of Cooking Methods and Muscle on Beef Aroma Profile and Consumer Satisfaction: Insights from Volatile Compound Analysis
Authors: Wojtasik-Kalinowska Iwona , Farmer Linda J. , Hagan Terence D. J. , Gordon Alan W. , Polkinghorne Rod , Pogorzelski Grzegorz , Wierzbicka Agnieszka , Poltorak Andrzej
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of two distinct cooking techniques, namely roasting and stewing, on the formation of volatile compounds in various beef muscles (Semimembranosus, Biceps femoris, and Rectus femoris) and how this relates to consumer acceptance. The research employs the concept of volatile “marker” compounds to discern the influence of cooking techniques on the flavor profile of beef. Eighteen “marker compounds” were selected to represent a number of the mechanisms of formation and quantified in beef subjected to two different cooking methods. While no statistically significant differences were observed in consumer evaluations between the two cooking methods, notable disparities emerged in the consumer assessments of specific muscle cuts. Notably, the Rectus femoris muscle received the highest ratings (p < 0.05) among other evaluated muscles. The utilization of Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods for the analysis of volatile “marker compounds” in beef proved effective in highlighting significant differences in flavor compound classes between cooking methods, and these differed between muscles. The main effect was of the cooking method with stewed beef aroma having approximately 39× more dimethyl trisulphide, 9× more dimethyl disulphide, 7× more pentanal, 3× more hexanal, and twice as much benzaldehyde and 2-methylthiophene. Dimethyldisulphide, dimethyltrisulphide, hexanal, and heptanal, therefore, emerged as characteristic volatile compounds associated with the stewing cooking technique, suggesting their potential as markers for lipid and other oxidation reactions. This work indicates that certain lipid oxidation compounds, Strecker aldehydes, and sulfur compounds can be markers for the undesirable and/or desirable flavors of cooked beef, but that this depends on the cooking method chosen. It shows that flavor differences may be understood through the analysis of volatile flavor compounds in association with palatability and other chemical measurements.
Healing of Undisturbed Slide Zone Soil: Experimental Study on the Huaipa Landslide in Sanmenxia City
Authors: Dong Wenping , Wan Fengyuan , Xu Qixiang , Dong Jinyu
Published: May 2024

The occurrence and development of a landslide is a gradual process of destruction, causing huge losses to people’s lives and property. The shear strength of the shear zone gradually decreases to the residual state during the sliding process but it can recover to a certain extent during a relatively stable period. In a landslide, more than one slide usually occurs; however, after the first slide stops, it can enter a dormant period. The sliding surface can then experience a self-healing strength recovery phenomenon; this self-healing phenomenon has a significant impact on the reactivation of the landslide. Relevant studies have shown that the strength of the sliding surface is slightly greater than the residual strength when a landslide is reactivated; however, the explanations provided by these studies have not been sufficiently systematic. In this study, focusing on the undisturbed slide zone soil of the Huaipa landslide in Sanmenxia City, the “shear–pause–shear–pause–shear” test scheme is adopted. The soil is subjected to 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h healing shear tests, and combined with the SEM microstructure characteristics of the shear surface, to explore the internal mechanism of self-healing. The results show that the landslide soil exhibits strong self-healing strength recovery characteristics; however, these strength recovery characteristics decrease rapidly after experiencing a very small displacement. The strength recovery was strongly correlated with the vertical stress and healing time. With increasing vertical stress, the strength recovery value of the soil increases. Under low pressure, the strength recovery is small, and under high pressure, the strength recovery is obvious. With increasing healing time, the strength recovery increases; however, the increase in the amplitude diminishes and ultimately approaches zero with increasing healing time. A “healing phenomenon” occurs in the shear surface of slide zone soil after a short period of time. A shear strength value greater than the residual strength can be used to check the landslide design, which can effectively reduce costs.
Classification, Structure and Construction of Functional Orthopaedic Compression Knits for Medical Application: A Review
Authors: Mikucioniene Daiva , Halavska Liudmyla , Melnyk Liudmyla , Milašius Rimvydas , Laureckiene Ginta , Arabuli Svitlana
Published: May 2024

Analysis of functional products for medical textiles indicates that there are plenty of different classifications of this group. Requirements for compression generated by compression garments differ depending on the application area, and even more, sometimes are contradictory and can be fulfilled in very different ways. The effectiveness of such products depends on mechanical and physical properties as well as psychological barriers. Currently, there is no uniform classification of compression classes, furthermore, there is no uniform standard, test method or technic for evaluation of the product’ compression. Knitted compression fabrics are made by knitting together at least two types of yarns: a ground yarn which ensures stiffness and thickness and an elastomeric yarn which generates compression. Knitted compression products can be produced on both flat and circular knitting machines, though parameters and usage of production are different. Additional elements used in the structure of the compression product can significantly change the generated compression. Purposes and number of additional details depend on the application and functionality of the compression support, nevertheless, all rigid elements must be taken into account at the designing stage. Additional functionality like antimicrobial activity or thermal therapy can also be provided for compression knits. It is highly important to ensure the longevity of all functional properties.
The Importance of Micronutrient Adequacy in Obesity and the Potential of Microbiota Interventions to Support It
Authors: Rudzka Agnieszka , Kapusniak Kamila , Zielińska Dorota , Kołożyn-Krajewska Danuta , Kapusniak Janusz , Barczyńska-Felusiak Renata
Published: May 2024

Micronutrient deficiencies co-occur with obesity throughout the world. While many factors may contribute to this, microbiota dysbiosis is certainly one that has received a lot of attention in recent years. This work aimed to review the current state of knowledge on the role of micronutrients in obesity and the effects of interventions in microbiota on the micronutrient status of humans. Gathered evidence suggested that the supplementation of most of the deficient micronutrients for people with excess weight may have a considerable, positive impact on lipid and glucose homeostasis and a small effect on weight loss. Interestingly, the doses of micronutrient supplementation that allowed for achieving the best results for most of the minerals and vitamins exceeded the tolerable upper intake levels. To avoid negative effects associated with an overdose of vitamins and minerals, applying microbiota interventions could be considered. Pro- and prebiotics were shown to improve the micronutrient status of humans, and several publications indicated that when applied together with vitamins and minerals, they could give greater benefits than each of these treatments alone. Therefore, supplementation with vitamins, minerals, and pro/pre/synbiotics in obesity treatment plans may be recommended; however, further research is required to mitigate risks and optimize the effects achieved.
DIC-Based Hydration Absorption Detection and Displacement Field Evolution of Outcrop Porous Sandstone
Authors: Hao Nai , Wang Yongliang , Zhao Yi , Jiang Wujie , Li Panshun , Liu Nana
Published: May 2024

In order to study the hydration absorption behaviors and characteristics of sandstone in Mogao Grottoes in China, the pressure-less hydration absorption experiment on the outcrop porous sandstone of Mogao Grottoes was carried out by using the self-developed real-time monitoring experimental system. The hydration absorption was measured and the curve of hydration absorption with time was drawn. At the same time, the digital image correlation method (DIC) was used to measure the full-field deformation, and the speckle pattern of the sample was analyzed using Match ID, and the displacement field and strain field of the sandstone sample at different hydration absorption moments were computed. Moreover, the sparse area and dense area of sandstone are used as regions of interest (ROI) for DIC analysis. According to the test results, it is concluded that the hydration absorption of sandstone increases rapidly in the initial stage, and gradually tends to be stable with the change of time. This corresponds well with the deformation characteristics of sandstone analyzed using DIC. In the initial stage, the deformation of sandstone increases rapidly. With the change in time, the deformation of sandstone samples gradually slows down. When the hydration adsorption reaches saturation, the sandstone continues to deform for a period of time before stopping hydration absorption. The results of the mercury injection test and the XRD test show that the porosity of the sparse area is larger than that of the dense area and the particle content of the dense area is lower. When the sandstone is saturated with water, the liquid is immersed in the pores between the solid particles, which makes the sparse area more prone to stress concentration, and the deformation in the sparse area is larger. Therefore, when analyzing the hydration absorption deformation of sandstone, the porosity should be considered.
Analysis of the Dynamic Characteristics of Coaxial Counter-Rotating Planetary Transmission System
Authors: Yue Zongxiang , Chen Zhaobo , Qu Jianjun , Li Yang , Dzianis Marmysh , Mo Shuai , Yu Guangbin
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a coaxial counter-rotating planetary transmission system. The transmission system under study is a two-stage planetary gear train (PGT) comprising a fixed-axes PGT and a differential PGT. A dynamic model of the transmission system is established, considering both the excitations caused by the time-varying mesh stiffness (TMS) and the transmission errors, respectively. The Runge–Kutta algorithm is used to calculate and analyze the dynamic characteristics of the system. This includes studying dynamic meshing forces, planet gear displacements, and load-sharing coefficients (LSCs) under both internal and external excitations, as well as different input torques. The results indicate that when considering external excitations, the variations in the meshing force curves become more pronounced. The radial displacements of the planet gears in the differential PGT are greater than that in the fixed-axes PGT. With increasing input torque, the average displacements of the planet gears in all directions tend to increase. The differential PGT, transmitting a higher power, demonstrates a better load-sharing performance compared to the fixed-axes PGT.
Research on Continuous Casting–Hot Rolling Scheduling Model Involving Reheating Furnace Conversion Mode and Improved Bat Optimization Solution Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Nan , Jiang Tianru , Lv Zhimin
Published: May 2024

As the main energy-consuming equipment, the reheating furnace plays an important role in the scheduling of continuous casting and hot rolling for a steel mill. This paper studies the energy consumption of cold and hot slab conversion mode in a reheating furnace, forming four conversion relationships, with the goal of minimizing the coupling function between the maximum completion time of the hot rolling and the energy waste of the reheating furnace, and modelling the scheduling of a continuous casting–hot rolling process. An improved ordered pair bat algorithm is used to solve for special process conditions of the proposed scheduling model. The effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is verified by solving the different slab charging sequence and conversion mode. Moreover, a comparative study of different types of batches is also conducted, and it is found that the model can save more than 5000 GJ per month for the steel mill, which can achieve the goal of effective energy saving and increasing enterprise profit.
Mapping Social Vulnerability to Multi-Hazard Scenarios: A GIS-Based Approach at the Census Tract Level
Authors: Lapietra Isabella , Colacicco Rosa , Rizzo Angela , Capolongo Domenico
Published: May 2024

Floods and landslides cause continuous damage to ecosystems, infrastructures, and populations. Particularly, the occurrence and the existence of different natural hazards in the same territory highlight the need to improve risk mitigation strategies for local authorities and community resilience solutions for inhabitants. Analyzing and mapping social vulnerability provides information about the main features of a specific community to deal with natural events. Specifically, the interaction between multi-hazards and the socio-economic environment suggests multidisciplinary assessments that merge the physical and the socio-economic features of the affected territories, providing a useful approach to support multi-risk reduction planning. In this context, the article focuses on integrating landslide and flood hazard scenarios with social vulnerability in the Basilicata Region (southern Italy) at the census tract level. Thirteen municipalities were chosen as multi-hazard hot spots, while open-source platforms were selected for hazard and social vulnerability data collection and analyses. A geographic information system (GIS)-based approach was applied to combine different hazard scenarios with social vulnerability distribution among 1331 census tracts to detect the most vulnerable sub-municipality areas that need special attention in multi-risk reduction strategies. The results are presented in the form of maps, which provide a relevant suitable tool in local emergency planning.
The Polychromatic Inscriptions on the Relief Sculpture Deposition from the Cross by Benedetto Antelami in Parma Cathedral, Italy
Authors: Potenza Marianna , Lottici Pier Paolo , Casoli Antonella , Bergamonti Laura
Published: May 2024

This paper reports on the studies carried out on engraved inscriptions of the Deposition from the Cross by Benedetto Antelami (1150–1230), a relief sculpture conserved in the Cathedral of Parma (Italy). The inscriptions between the characters show residues of colored material in alternating red- and dark-colored stripes. The purpose of this specific investigation was to identify the materials (pigments and organic binders) used for the polychromy that are still present on the relief sculpture. Seven microsamples were taken to carry out laboratory analyses. In red-colored letters, mercury, and sulfur, constituents of the cinnabar (or vermilion) pigment were easily identified by SEM-EDS. This result is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and XRD measurements. In the dark letters, carbon, iron, and lead are observed. The presence of materials containing metals is compatible with a mastic encrustation technique. FT-IR, Raman, and XRD techniques clearly detect beeswax, which was probably used as a polishing material. Amino acids and lipids that are typical of eggs have been identified by means of GC-MS investigations, suggesting their use as organic components of the mastic encrustation.
Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System–Proportional–Integral–Derivative Controller Based on FPGA and Its Application in Radiofrequency Ablation Temperature Control
Authors: Zhang Zhishuai , Nan Qun
Published: May 2024

The radiofrequency ablation temperature system is characterised by its time-varying, non-linear, and hysteretic nature. The application of PID controllers to the control of radiofrequency ablation temperature systems has a number of challenges, including overshoot, dependence on high-precision mathematical models, and difficulty in parameter tuning. Therefore, in order to improve the effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation temperature control, an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system combined with an incremental PID controller was used to optimise the shortcomings of the PID controller in radiofrequency ablation temperature control. At the same time, the learning rate at the time of updating the consequence parameters was set by segmentation to solve the problem of poor control accuracy when the ANFIS-PID controller is implemented based on FPGA fixed-point decimals. Based on FPGA-in-the-loop simulation experiments and ex vivo experiments, the effectiveness of the ANFIS-PID controller in the temperature control of radiofrequency ablation was verified and compared with the PID controller under the same conditions. The experimental results show that the ANFIS-PID controller has a superior performance in terms of tracking capability and stability compared with the PID controller.
A Visual Survey of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) Performance in Tunneling Excavation: Mainstream Direction, Brief Review and Future Prospects
Authors: Zhang Yulin , Zhou Jian , Qiu Yingui , Armaghani Danial Jahed , Xie Quanmin , Yang Peixi , Xu Chengpei
Published: May 2024

This study employs scientometric analysis to investigate the current trajectory of research on tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance and collaborative efforts. Utilizing software tools like Pajek 5.16 and VOSviewer 1.6.18, it scrutinizes literature from 2000 to 2021 sourced from the Web of Science (WOS). The findings illuminate TBM research as an interdisciplinary and intersectoral field attracting increasing national and institutional attention. Notable contributions from China, Iran, the United States, Turkey, and Australia underscore the global significance of TBM research. The recent upsurge in annual publications, primarily driven by Chinese research initiatives, reflects a renewed vigor in TBM exploration. Additionally, the paper presents a succinct evaluation of TBM advantages and drawbacks compared to conventional drill and blast methods, discussing key considerations in excavation methodology selection. Moreover, the study comprehensively reviews TBM performance prediction models, categorizing them into theoretical, empirical, and artificial intelligence-driven approaches. Finally, rooted in metaverse theory, the discourse delves into the immersive learning model and the architecture of a TBM metaverse. In the future, the immersive training and learning model diagram can be employed in scenarios such as employee training and the promotion of safety knowledge. Additionally, the TBM metaverse architecture can simulate, monitor, diagnose, predict, and control the organization, management, and service processes and behaviors of TBMs. This will enhance efficient collaboration across various aspects of the project production cycle. This forward-looking perspective anticipates future trends in TBM technology, emphasizing societal impact and enhancement of economic benefits.
Multi-Perception Graph Convolution Transfer Network Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method
Authors: Pan Xiaolei , Chen Hongxiao , Zhao Dongdong , Shen Ao , Su Xiaoyan
Published: May 2024

Targeting the challenge of variable working conditions in bearing fault diagnosis, most of the fault diagnosis methods based on transfer learning focus on the transfer of knowledge, resulting in a poor diagnosis effect in the target domain. To solve the problem of transfer performance degradation, a multi-perception graph convolution transfer network (MPGCTN) is proposed. The MPGCTN is composed of a graph generation module, graph perception module, and domain discrimination module. In the graph generation module, a one-dimensional convolution neural network (1-D CNN) is used to extract features from the input, and then the structural features of samples are mined in the graph generation layer to construct the sample graph. In the following graph perception module, a multi-perception graph convolution network is designed to model the sample graph and learn the data structure information of the sample. Finally, in the domain discrimination module, the method is used to align the structural differences of the case graphs in different domains. Experimental results from experiments on Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and Paderborn University (PU) bearing datasets show that the proposed method is effective and superior.
Characteristics of Atmospheric Ice Nucleation during Spring: A Case Study on Huangshan
Authors: Chen Kui , Chen Xinhan , Zhu Shichao , Ji Lei , Yin Yan
Published: May 2024

Atmospheric ice nucleation particles (INPs) play a crucial role in influencing cloud formation and microphysical properties, which in turn impact precipitation and Earth’s radiation budget. However, the influence of anthropogenic activities on the properties and concentrations of INPs remains an area of significant uncertainty. This study investigated the physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric ice nucleation particles in Huangshan, China during the May Day labor holiday period (spanning 8 days, from April 27th to May 5th). INP concentrations were measured at temperatures from −17 °C to −26 °C and relative humidities (RHw) from 95% to 101%. Average INP concentrations reached 13.7 L−1 at −26 °C and 101% RH, 137 times higher than at −17 °C and 95% RH. INP concentrations showed exponential increases with decreasing temperature and exponential increases with increasing RH. Concentration fluctuations were observed over time, with a peak of ~30 L−1 (t = −26 °C, RHw = 101%) around the start and end of the holiday period. Aerosol number concentrations were monitored simultaneously. The peak in aerosols larger than 0.5 μm aligned with the peak in INP concentrations, suggesting a link between aerosol levels and INPs. Chemical composition analysis using SEM–EDX revealed the distinct elemental makeup of INPs based on the activation temperature. INPs active at warmer temperatures contained N, Na, and Cl, indicating possible biomass and sea salt origins, while those active at colder temperatures contained crustal elements like Al and Ca.
Unveiling Trends and Hotspots in Air Pollution Control: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Chen Jing , Chen Qinghai , Hu Lin , Yang Tingting , Yi Chuangjian , Zhou Yingtang
Published: May 2024

With the continuous acceleration of urbanization, air pollution has become an increasingly serious threat to public health. Strengthening the detection and control of pollutants has become a focal point in current society. In light of the increasing amount of literature in the field of air pollution control with every passing year, numerous reviews have been compiled; however, only a limited number employ bibliometric methods to comprehensively review and summarize research trends in this field. Herein, this study utilizes two bibliometric analysis tools, namely, CiteSpace (6.1.R6) and VOSviewer (1.6.20), to conduct a visual and comprehensive analysis of air pollution literature spanning 2000 to 2023. By doing so, it establishes a knowledge framework for research on air pollution control. Simultaneously, collaborative network analysis, reference co-citation network analysis, keyword co-occurrence network analysis, and keyword prominence are employed to undertake an exhaustive and profound visual examination within this domain. Results indicate that, over time, the number of relevant papers has exponentially increased, while interdisciplinary cooperation trends have gradually formed. Additionally, this study describes key areas of current research, including air pollution control residue treatment, regional joint air pollution control, and air pollution control mechanism analysis. Finally, challenges faced by researchers in this field and their different perspectives are discussed. To better integrate research findings on air pollution control, we explore the correlations among data and systematically present their developmental trends. This confirms the interdisciplinary nature of air pollution control research, in the hope of its guiding air pollution control in the future.
Dynamical Behaviors of Stochastic SIS Epidemic Model with Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Process
Authors: Zhang Huina , Sun Jianguo , Yu Peng , Jiang Daqing
Published: May 2024

Controlling infectious diseases has become an increasingly complex issue, and vaccination has become a common preventive measure to reduce infection rates. It has been thought that vaccination protects the population. However, there is no fully effective vaccine. This is based on the fact that it has long been assumed that the immune system produces corresponding antibodies after vaccination, but usually does not achieve the level of complete protection for undergoing environmental fluctuations. In this paper, we investigate a stochastic SIS epidemic model with incomplete inoculation, which is perturbed by the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process and Brownian motion. We determine the existence of a unique global solution for the stochastic SIS epidemic model and derive control conditions for the extinction. By constructing two suitable Lyapunov functions and using the ergodicity of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence of stationary distribution, which means the disease will prevail. Furthermore, we obtain the exact expression of the probability density function near the pseudo-equilibrium point of the stochastic model while addressing the four-dimensional Fokker–Planck equation under the same conditions. Finally, we conduct several numerical simulations to validate the theoretical results.
Modeling and Simulation of a Gas-Exhaust Design for Battery Thermal Runaway Propagation in a LiFePO4 Module
Authors: Zhang Songtong , Zhu Xiayu , Qiu Jingyi , Xu Chengshan , Wang Yan , Feng Xuning
Published: May 2024

The release of flammable gases during battery thermal runaway poses a risk of combustion and explosion, endangering personnel safety. The convective and diffusive properties of the gas make it challenging to accurately measure gas state, complicating the assessment of the battery pack exhaust design. In this paper, a thermal resistance network model is established, which is used to calculate the battery thermal runaway propagation. Gas accumulation after thermal runaway venting of a LiFeO4 module is studied using ANSYS Fluent under different venting schemes. The results show that the scheme of battery inversion and simultaneous exhaust from the side and bottom of the module is optimal. The methods and results presented can guide the design of LiFeO4 cell pack runners.
A Self-Polymerizing Mesh of Nano-Tethers for the Mechanical Constraint of Degraded Intervertebral Discs—A Review of 25 Years of Pre-Clinical and Early Clinical Research
Authors: Hedman Thomas , Rogers Adam , Beall Douglas
Published: May 2024

Genipin polymers are self-forming tensile-load-carrying oligomers, derived from the gardenia fruit, that covalently bond to amines on collagen. The potential therapeutic mechanical benefits of a non-discrete in situ forming mesh of genipin oligomers for degraded spinal discs were first conceived in 1998. Over more than two decades, numerous studies have demonstrated the immediate mechanical effects of this injectable, intra-annular polymeric mesh including an early demonstration of an effect on clinical outcomes for chronic or recurrent discogenic low back pain. This literature review focused on articles investigating mechanical effects in cadaveric animal and human spinal discs, biochemical mechanism of action studies, articles describing the role of mechanical degradation in the pathogenesis of degenerative disc disease, initial clinical outcomes and articles describing current discogenic low back pain treatment algorithms. On the basis of these results, clinical indications that align with the capabilities of this novel injectable polymer-based treatment strategy are discussed. It is intended that this review of a novel nano-scale material-based solution for mechanical deficiencies in biologically limited tissues may provide a helpful example for other innovations in spinal diseases and similarly challenging musculoskeletal disorders.
An Improved Two-Shot Tracking Algorithm for Dynamics Analysis of Natural Killer Cells in Tumor Contexts
Authors: Zhou Yanqing , Tang Yiwen , Li Zhibing
Published: May 2024

Natural killer cells (NKCs) are non-specific immune lymphocytes with diverse morphologies. Their broad killing effect on cancer cells has led to increased attention towards activating NKCs for anticancer immunotherapy. Consequently, understanding the motion characteristics of NKCs under different morphologies and modeling their collective dynamics under cancer cells has become crucial. However, tracking small NKCs in complex backgrounds poses significant challenges, and conventional industrial tracking algorithms often perform poorly on NKC tracking datasets. There remains a scarcity of research on NKC dynamics. In this paper, we utilize deep learning techniques to analyze the morphology of NKCs and their key points. After analyzing the shortcomings of common industrial multi-object tracking algorithms like DeepSORT in tracking natural killer cells, we propose Distance Cascade Matching and the Re-Search method to improve upon existing algorithms, yielding promising results. Through processing and tracking over 5000 frames of images, encompassing approximately 300,000 cells, we preliminarily explore the impact of NKCs’ cell morphology, temperature, and cancer cell environment on NKCs’ motion, along with conducting basic modeling. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: polarized cells are more likely to move along their polarization direction and exhibit stronger activity, and the maintenance of polarization makes them more likely to approach cancer cells; under equilibrium, NK cells display a Boltzmann distribution on the cancer cell surface.
HemN2 Regulates the Virulence of Pseudomonas donghuensis HYS through 7-Hydroxytropolone Synthesis and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Xiao Yaqian , Xiang Wang , Ma Xuerui , Gao Donghao , Bayram Hasan , Lorimer George H. , Ghiladi Reza A. , Xie Zhixiong , Wang Jun
Published: May 2024

Compared to pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. putida, P. donghuensis HYS has stronger virulence towards Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the underlying mechanisms haven’t been fully understood. The heme synthesis system is essential for Pseudomonas virulence, and former studies of HemN have focused on the synthesis of heme, while the relationship between HemN and Pseudomonas virulence were barely pursued. In this study, we hypothesized that hemN2 deficiency affected 7-hydroxytropolone (7-HT) biosynthesis and redox levels, thereby reducing bacterial virulence. There are four hemN genes in P. donghuensis HYS, and we reported for the first time that deletion of hemN2 significantly reduced the virulence of HYS towards C. elegans, whereas the reduction in virulence by the other three genes was not significant. Interestingly, hemN2 deletion significantly reduced colonization of P. donghuensis HYS in the gut of C. elegans. Further studies showed that HemN2 was regulated by GacS and participated in the virulence of P. donghuensis HYS towards C. elegans by mediating the synthesis of the virulence factor 7-HT. In addition, HemN2 and GacS regulated the virulence of P. donghuensis HYS by affecting antioxidant capacity and nitrative stress. In short, the findings that HemN2 was regulated by the Gac system and that it was involved in bacterial virulence via regulating 7-HT synthesis and redox levels were reported for the first time. These insights may enlighten further understanding of HemN-based virulence in the genus Pseudomonas.
Structural Insights into the Rrp4 Subunit from the Crystal Structure of the Thermoplasma acidophilum Exosome
Authors: Park Seonha , Kim Hyun Sook , Bang Kyuhyeon , Han Ahreum , Shin Byeongmin , Seo Minjeong , Kim Sulhee , Hwang Kwang Yeon
Published: May 2024

The exosome multiprotein complex plays a critical role in RNA processing and degradation. This system governs the regulation of mRNA quality, degradation in the cytoplasm, the processing of short noncoding RNA, and the breakdown of RNA fragments. We determined two crystal structures of exosome components from Thermoplasma acidophilum (Taci): one with a resolution of 2.3 Å that reveals the central components (TaciRrp41 and TaciRrp42), and another with a resolution of 3.5 Å that displays the whole exosome (TaciRrp41, TaciRrp42, and TaciRrp4). The fundamental exosome structure revealed the presence of a heterodimeric complex consisting of TaciRrp41 and TaciRrp42. The structure comprises nine subunits, with TaciRrp41 and TaciRrp42 arranged in a circular configuration, while TaciRrp4 is located at the apex. The RNA degradation capabilities of the TaciRrp4:41:42 complex were verified by RNA degradation assays, consistent with prior findings in other archaeal exosomes. The resemblance between archaeal exosomes and bacterial PNPase suggests a common mechanism for RNA degradation. Despite sharing comparable topologies, the surface charge distributions of TaciRrp4 and other archaea structures are surprisingly distinct. Different RNA breakdown substrates may be responsible for this variation. These newfound structural findings enhance our comprehension of RNA processing and degradation in biological systems.