bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GnRH pulse generator activity in mouse models of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Zhou Ziyue , Han Su Young , Pardo-Navarro Maria , Wall Ellen , Desai Reena , Vas Szilvia , Handelsman David J , Herbison Allan E
Published: December 2024

One in ten women in their reproductive age suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that, alongside subfertility and hyperandrogenism, typically presents with increased luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility. As such, it is suspected that the arcuate kisspeptin (ARN
KISS
) neurons that represent the GnRH pulse generator are dysfunctional in PCOS. We used here
in vivo
GCaMP fiber photometry and other approaches to examine the behavior of the GnRH pulse generator in two mouse models of PCOS. We began with the peripubertal androgen (PPA) mouse model of PCOS but found that it had a reduction in the frequency of ARN
KISS
neuron synchronization events (SEs) that drive LH pulses. Examining the prenatal androgen (PNA) model of PCOS, we observed highly variable patterns of pulse generator activity with no significant differences detected in ARN
KISS
neuron SEs, pulsatile LH secretion, or serum testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations. However, an unsupervised machine learning approach identified that the ARN
KISS
neurons of acyclic PNA mice continued to exhibit cyclical patterns of activity similar to that of normal mice. The frequency of ARN
KISS
neuron SEs was significantly increased in algorithm-identified “diestrous stage” PNA mice compared to controls. In addition, ARN
KISS
neurons exhibited reduced feedback suppression to progesterone in PNA mice and their pituitary gonadotrophs were also less sensitive to GnRH. These observations demonstrate the importance of understanding GnRH pulse generator activity in mouse models of PCOS. The existence of cyclical GnRH pulse generator activity in the acyclic PNA mouse indicates the presence of a complex phenotype with deficits at multiple levels of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.
Enhancing task execution: a dual-layer approach with multi-queue adaptive priority scheduling
Authors: Iqbal Mansoor , Shafiq Muhammad Umar , Khan Shouzab , Obaidullah  , Alahmari Saad , Ullah Zahid
Published: December 2024

Efficient task execution is critical to optimize the usage of computing resources in process scheduling. Various task scheduling algorithms ensure optimized and efficient use of computing resources. This article introduces an innovative dual-layer scheduling algorithm, Multi-Queue Adaptive Priority Scheduling (MQAPS), for task execution. MQAPS features a dual-layer hierarchy with a ready queue (RQ) and a secondary queue (SQ). New tasks enter the RQ, where they are prioritized, while the SQ contains tasks that have already used computing resources at least once, with priorities below a predefined threshold. The algorithm dynamically calculates the time slice based on process priorities to ensure efficient CPU utilization. In the RQ, the task’s priority level defines its prioritization, which ensures that important jobs are completed on time compared to other conventional methods where priority is fixed or no priority parameter is defined, resulting in starvation in low-priority jobs. The simulation results show that MQAPS better utilizes CPU resources and time than traditional round-robin (RR) and multi-level scheduling. The MQAPS showcases a promising scheduling technique ensuring a balanced framework for dynamic adjustment of time quantum and priority. The MQAPS algorithm demonstrated optimization, fairness, and efficiency in job scheduling.
DNA shuffling to improve crude-water interfacial activity in biosurfactants with OmpA protein of Escherichia coli
Authors: Nuñez Velez Vanessa Lucía , Villamizar Gomez Liseth Daniela , Mendoza Ospina Jhon E. , Hayek-Orduz Yasser , Fernandez-Niño Miguel , Restrepo Restrepo Silvia , Álvarez Solano Óscar Alberto , Reyes Barrios Luis H. , Gonzalez Barrios Andres F.
Published: December 2024

Surfactants are molecules derived primarily from petroleum that can reduce the surface tension at interfaces. Their slow degradation is a characteristic that could cause environmental issues. This and other factors contribute to the allure of biosurfactants today. Progress has been made in this area of research, which aims to satisfy the need for effective surfactants that are not harmful to the environment. In previous studies, we demonstrated the surface tension activity of the Escherichia coli transmembrane protein OmpA. Here, we carried out DNA shuffling on ompA to improve its interfacial activity. We evaluated changes in interfacial tension when exposing mutants to a water-oil interface to identify the most promising candidates. Two mutants reached an interfacial tension value lower (9.10 mN/m and 4.24 mN/m) than the original protein OmpA (14.98 mN/m). Since predicted isoelectric point values are far from neutral pH, the charge of the protein was a crucial factor in explaining the migration of proteins towards the interface. Low molecular weight mutants did not exhibit a significant difference in their migration to the interface.
Predicting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients through logistic regression: a model incorporating clinical characteristics, computed tomography (CT) imaging features, and tumor marker levels
Authors: Hao Jimin , Liu Man , Zhou Zhigang , Zhao Chunling , Dai Liping , Ouyang Songyun
Published: December 2024

Background

Approximately 60% of Asian populations with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations, marking it as a pivotal target for genotype-directed therapies. Currently, determining EGFR mutation status relies on DNA sequencing of histological or cytological specimens. This study presents a predictive model integrating clinical parameters, computed tomography (CT) characteristics, and serum tumor markers to forecast EGFR mutation status in NSCLC patients.

Methods

Retrospective data collection was conducted on NSCLC patients diagnosed between January 2018 and June 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, with available molecular pathology results. Clinical information, CT imaging features, and serum tumor marker levels were compiled. Four distinct models were employed in constructing the diagnostic model. Model diagnostic efficacy was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) values and calibration curves. DeLong’s test was administered to validate model robustness.

Results

Our study encompassed 748 participants. Logistic regression modeling, trained with the aforementioned variables, demonstrated remarkable predictive capability, achieving an AUC of 0.805 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.766–0.844]) in the primary cohort and 0.753 (95% CI [0.687–0.818]) in the validation cohort. Calibration plots suggested a favorable fit of the model to the data.

Conclusions

The developed logistic regression model emerges as a promising tool for forecasting EGFR mutation status. It holds potential to aid clinicians in more precisely identifying patients likely to benefit from EGFR molecular testing and facilitating targeted therapy decision-making, particularly in scenarios where molecular testing is impractical or inaccessible.
Effect of mulching and organic manure on maize yield, water, and nitrogen use efficiency in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Xing Yingying , Fu Jintao , Wang Xiukang
Published: December 2024

Current agricultural practices prioritize intensive food production, often at the expense of environmental sustainability. This approach results in greenhouse gas emissions and groundwater pollution due to over-fertilization. In contrast, organic agriculture promotes a more efficient use of non-renewable energy, improves soil quality, and reduces ecological damage. However, the effects of mulching and organic manure on maize yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in China’s Loess Plateau have not been sufficiently researched. In 2017 and 2018, an experiment utilizing a randomized complete block design with two factors (two mulching levels × three organic nitrogen application rates) was conducted. The water content of the upper soil layer was found to be 12.6% to 19.4% higher than that of the subsoil layer. Across all soil depths and years, the soil nitrate-N content in mulched treatments was 10% to 31.8% greater than in non-mulched treatments with varying organic nitrogen rates. Additionally, mulching resulted in an increase in grain yield of 9.4% in 2017 and 8.9% in 2018 compared to non-mulched treatments. A significant interaction was observed between mulching and organic nitrogen application rate concerning WUE, alongside a negative correlation between WUE and NUE. These findings suggest that the application of 270 kg N ha−1 of sheep manure in conjunction with mulching is a highly recommended practice for the Loess Plateau, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural strategies.
Surgery-induced neuroinflammatory transcriptional programs in medial prefrontal cortex of mice during early phase of perioperative neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Tang Xiaodong , Xiang Xuwu , Yu Yang , Huang Shuyuan , Pan Caifei , Gan Shuyuan , Yao Yongxing
Published: December 2024

Patients receiving anesthesia and surgery may experience cognitive dysfunction, memory deficits, and mental disturbances, which are referred to as perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). The function of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is disrupted during early phase of PND. To gain insight into the mechanisms of PND, we collected mouse mPFC tissues 6 h post-surgery and performed RNA sequencing analysis. In total, 178 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 105 upregulated and 73 downregulated genes. Bioinformatic analysis highlighted the significant enrichment of these DEGs in several immune-related biological processes and signaling pathways, suggesting that pronounced neuroinflammatory transcriptional programming in the mPFC was evoked during early phase of PND. Interleukin-6 level increased in both serum and mPFC, while the mRNA levels of Il-6, Tnf-α, and Il-1β remained unchanged. Taken together, our findings suggest that a distinct and acute neuroinflammatory response in the mPFC is evoked after peripheral surgery, which might play a key role in the development of PND.
A mezőgazdasági kockázatkezelési rendszer működésének értékelése 2023
Authors: Áldorfai György , Hámori Judit , Keszthelyi Szilárd , Kocsis Áron , Kováč Anna Rebeka , Péter Krisztina , Szili Viktor
Published: December 2024

A kiadvány a mezőgazdasági kockázatkezelési rendszer I–IV. pillérének működését és eredményeit mutatja be a 2023-as évre vonatkozóan. Az elemzés célja, hogy segítséget nyújtson a rendszer irányítójának, az Agrárminisztériumnak a jogszabályi háttér esetleges változtatásához, valamint tájékozódási pontot jelentsen a termelők és a biztosítótársaságok részére. Az értékelés első részében áttekintjük a jogszabályi háttér 2023. évi változásait, valamint a tárgyévet jellemző időjárási jelenségeket. Majd az I. és a II. pillér eredményeit értékeljük járásonként, veszélynemenként, méretkategóriánként és ágazati bontásban, továbbá megvizsgáljuk a biztosítási díjak változását az „A”, „B”, „C”, illetve kiegészítő biztosítások esetében külön-külön is. Ezt követően ismertetjük a III. pillér működésének elmúlt évi tapasztalatait. Végül bemutatjuk a kockázatkezelési rendszer IV. pillérét, a mezőgazdasági krízisbiztosítási rendszert.
Book Review on “Curriculum from Theory to Practice” of Wesley Null
Authors: Khan Abdul Basit , Ren Kai , Mafruhah Syarifatul , Rusmita  , Ahmad Tanveer , Ali Nasir
Published: December 2024

Among the useful articles is the one by Wesley Null titled as “Curriculum from Theory to Practice.” It categorizes the curriculum into six parts traditions, systematic, existential, radical, pragmatic and deliberative. The strategies presented by Null are useful for educators, policymakers and researchers pointing out how to design efficient education experiences. It has added new figures to the text and focuses on the changes in the characteristics of current democracy, which makes the book more suitable for curriculum development and enactment. Null removes the curtain from the curriculum theory, explains different models, and provides directions for practice. Nevertheless, it can be less culturally sensitive and may not pay enough attention to equity, diversity, and social justice. In conclusion, the book by Null is relevant to education, as it offers rich information about curriculum development and its application.
Correlation of Coral Reef Cover with Catch Results of Target Fish Species in Supiori Waters Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Heriyanto  , Kantun Wayan , Awaluddin
Published: December 2024

Coral reefs are a habitat for aquatic resources to grow and reproduce to continue their survival. This research aims to analyze coral reef cover and the composition of fish caught in areas around coral reefs on Wandos Beach, Supiori Regency. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach. Sampling was carried out at six stations with the criteria of station one, two. three and four are fishing areas, station five is a community residential area and station six is ​​a tourist area. The research results found that coral reef cover for all stations was in the poor cover category, ranging from 0.14-0.27%, with the most coral species found being Acropora followed by Coelastrea aspera. The catch for all stations was 66 fish consisting of 10 species. The highest catch composition of aquatic resources was obtained at station five with the condition of coastal coral reefs near residential areas totaling 43 individuals (65.15%) and the lowest at stations one and six each with two individuals (3.03%) with the condition the station is a fishing area. The composition of catch species in coral reef areas is dominated by Siganus Sp fish.  as many as 37 individuals (56.06%), Charanx ignobilis nine individuals (13.63%), Etelis carbunculus six individuals (9.09%), Leptoscarus vaigiensis five individuals (7.57%), Lutjanus monostigma, Balistapus undulatus and Sphyraena sphyraena respectively two individuals each (3.03%). Scomberomorus commerson, Lutjanus campechanus and Tylosurus crocodilus one individuals each (1.51%). Station five with coral reef conditions near residential areas provided the largest catch of rabbitfish (Siganus Sp.). The lack of coral cover has an impact on the decreasing availability of fish resources, so that conservation efforts and control of fisheries management that damages coral reef ecosystems are needed.
Effect of Using Fern Leaf Extract (Diplazium esculentum) in Raw Fish Feed on Growth and Feed Conversion Ratio of Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)
Authors: Ningsih Olivia , Junaidi Muhammad , Diniawirisan Damai
Published: December 2024

Mangrove crab or known as Scylla sp. is one of the biota whose habitat is in coastal waters, especially in mangrove forest areas. The need for mangrove crabs still largely relies on natural catches that are fluctuating. For this reason, it is necessary to cultivate mangrove crabs in a controlled manner that can support an effective, efficient and economically profitable mangrove crab farming business. Cultivation can increase mangrove crab production to meet domestic and foreign market demand. An alternative that can be chosen for mangrove crab cultivation is an apartment system that is arranged vertically in the form of a storage rack. The water medium used in this apartment system cultivation uses a recirculation system. One of the efforts to accelerate the growth of crabs is by using steroid hormones. Ecdysteroid is the main steroid hormone that has the main function as a skin replacement hormone. In addition, this hormone also regulates physiological functions, such as growth, metamorphosis, and reproduction. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of using fern leaf extract (Diplazium esculentum) in raw fish feed with different doses on growth and feed conversion ratio in mud crabs. This research method uses a field experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replicates with different percentage doses, namely: PA: Percentage of 0 ml/Kg, PB: Percentage of 100 ml/Kg, PC: Percentage of 125 ml/Kg, PD: Percentage of 150 ml/Kg, PE: 175 ml/Kg percentage. The results showed that the use of fern leaf extract in mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) feed had a significant effect on the growth of absolute weight, Absolute Length, SGR (Specific Growth Rate) and FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio) where the most influential treatment was treatment E which was the highest dose of 175 ml/Kg. This indicates that treatment E is the best dose treatment for growth and feed conversion ratio of mud crab (Scylla serrata).
Development and Evaluation of Flaxseed Butter
Authors: Basumatary Daimu , Padmavathi T.V.N. , Supraja T. , Yadav Praduman
Published: December 2024

Aims: To investigate the proximates of developed flaxseed butter.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Community Science, Professor Jayashankar Telangana Agricultural University and Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India between January 2024 and August 2024.
Methodology: Three developed flaxseed butter with varying proportion of groundnut (75g to 60g) incorporated with groundnut oil and palm oil (1-3ml) was compared with control peanut butter to establish the nutritional profile as well as flaxseed butter made of 100% flaxseed was also compared to establish a baseline of its nutritional profile.
Results: The study have shown that there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference on the fat and protein content of the flaxseed butter as compared to control peanut butter whereas no significant difference was observed on the moisture and ash content.
Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that the developed flaxseed butter improved the nutritional content.
Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes from Animals in the Malwa Region of Punjab: A Preliminary Study
Authors: S. M. Sreekala , Singh Gagandeep , Sharma N.S.
Published: December 2024

Aim and Scope: In recent decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of dermatophytosis among humans, especially those who are in close contact with animals. It is caused by one of the dermatophyte groups causing superficial mycoses in both humans and animals. Trichophyton and Microsporum spp are the most common genera responsible for skin infection in animals. Despite reports of dermatophytes from various regions, there is increasing evidence of geographical variation in fungal species, their spread to new areas, and growing resistance to antifungal treatments. The ability of these infections to transmit from animals to humans underscores the need for vigilance and proactive management. Addressing this issue can help protect animal and human health, making early detection and treatment vital in preventing outbreaks and ensuring overall well-being. Hence, we conducted a preliminary study on the incidence of dermatophytosis in animals of the Malwa region with a hot-humid climatic condition and a large animal population.
Study Design: Purposive sampling was done and samples were subjected to isolation and identification of dermatophytes.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Malwa region of Punjab state, India from July 2021 to June 2023.
Methodology: Samples (n=51) from various animal species were examined for fungal infection by direct microscopy (10% KOH). Fungal isolates were cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) and Dermatophyte test medium. Microscopic and macroscopic identification of dermatophytes was performed.
Results: Of the 51 clinically suspected dermatophytosis cases, 27 (52%) were found positive by KOH preparations. Trichophyton spp were isolated from 11(40%) samples demonstrating their significant presence among animals. The results of the present study highlight the incidence of dermatophyte infections in animals within the Malwa region, offering valuable insights into the prevention and control of dermatophytosis in both animals and humans. This information is a critical reference for public health strategies and underscores the importance of effective monitoring and managing dermatophytosis in animals and humans.
Computational Aspects of Determinant and Inverse of Tridiagonal Toeplitz Matrix
Authors: Beti Yohanes Mario Defianus , Guritman Sugi , Jaharuddin
Published: December 2024

In this article, the determinant of tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices is determined recursively and explicitly. The method used is descriptive exploratory the journal written by Fitri Aryani. The inverse of tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices is calculated using the adjoint method, but the determinant and adjoint of the matrices are based on the recursive calculation of the determinant. With this approach, the formulas for the determinant and inverse of tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices can be formulated clearly and efficiently. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the method used in simplifying computations and provides an algorithm for the formulation.
Dopamine receptor D2 activation suppresses the radiosensitizing effect of aripiprazole via activation of AMPK
Authors: Lee Hyounji , Kang Seongman , Sonn Jong Kyung , Lim Young‐Bin
Published: July 2019

Drug repositioning has garnered attention as an alternative strategy to the discovery and development of novel anticancer drug candidates. In this study, we screened 321 FDA‐approved drugs against nonirradiated and irradiated MCF‐7 cells, revealing that aripiprazole, a dopamine receptor D2 (D2R) partial agonist, enhances the radiosensitivity of MCF‐7 cells. Unexpectedly, D2R‐selective antagonist treatment significantly enhanced the radiosensitizing effects of aripiprazole and prevented aripiprazole‐induced 5' adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Direct AMPK activation with A769662 treatment blunted the radiosensitizing effects of aripiprazole. These results indicate that aripiprazole has potential as a radiosensitizing drug. Furthermore, prevention of D2R/AMPK activation might enhance these anticancer effects of aripiprazole in breast cancer cells.
Elastic local buckling strength and maximum strength of cold‐formed steel members with different plate widths on adjacent plate elements
Authors: Kobashi Tomoki , Ikarashi Kikuo , Shimizu Nobutaka
Published: July 2019

A key issue in the design of cold‐formed steel members is their local buckling strength under axial compression. In this study, we focused on the local buckling strength of rectangular section and lipped C‐section members, the adjacent plate elements of which have a different width‐thickness ratio, and we investigated their elastic and inelastic local buckling strengths through a numerical analysis. On comparing the numerical analysis results with those obtained using a conventional design method, we found that the plate restraining effect between the adjacent plate elements affected both the elastic buckling strength and maximum strength of the cold‐formed steel members.
Rapid neuroinflammatory changes in human acute intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Shtaya Anan , Bridges Leslie R. , Esiri Margaret M. , Lam‐Wong Joanne , Nicoll James A. R. , Boche Delphine , Hainsworth Atticus H.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the commonest form of hemorrhagic stroke and is associated with a poor prognosis. Neurosurgical removal of intracerebral hematoma has limited benefit and no pharmacotherapies are available. In acute ICH, primary tissue damage is followed by secondary pathology, where the cellular and neuroinflammatory changes are poorly understood.

Methods

We studied histological changes inpostmortemtissue from a cohort of spontaneous supra‐tentorial primary ICH cases (n = 27) with survival of 1–12 days, compared to a matched control group (n = 16) examined in corresponding regions. Hematoxylin–eosin and microglial (Iba1) immunolabelled sections were assessed at 0–2, 3–5, and 7–12 days post‐ICH.

Results

Peri‐hematoma, the observed ICH‐related changes include edema, tissue neutrophils and macrophages from day 1. Ischemic neurons and swollen endothelial cells were common at day 1 and universal after day 5, as were intramural erythrocytes within small vessel walls. Activated microglia were evident at day 1 post‐ICH. There was a significant increase in Iba1 positive area fraction at 0–2 (threefold), 3–5 (fourfold), and 7–12 days post ICH (ninefold) relative to controls. Giant microglia were detected peri‐hematoma from day 5 and consistently 7–12 days post‐ICH.

Interpretation

Our data indicate that neuroinflammatory processes commence from day 1 post‐ICH with changing microglial size and morphology following ICH and up to day 12. From day 5 some microglia exhibit a novel multiply nucleated morphology, which may be related to changing phagocytic function. Understanding the time course of neuroinflammatory changes, post‐ICH may reveal novel targets for therapy and brain restoration.
Ferritin to Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Ratio: Simple Measure to Identify Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Eloseily Esraa M. A. , Minoia Francesca , Crayne Courtney B. , Beukelman Timothy , Ravelli Angelo , Cron Randy Q.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life‐threatening complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Early diagnosis is critical. Classification criteria for MAS in sJIA perform less well in the setting of cytokine‐directed therapies. The goal herein was to explore a simple ratio of serum ferritin to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for diagnosis of MAS in the setting of sJIA, and to assess ferritin alone as a screening tool for identifying MAS of multiple etiologies.

Methods

Data from a large international cohort of sJIA patients with and without MAS, and from hospitalized patients with systemic infection (SI), were assessed for the ferritin:ESR ratio and ferritin alone to identify MAS among sJIA patients. Moreover, data from a smaller cohort of MAS patients associated with multiple etiologies and febrile hospitalized controls were explored. For both cohorts and controls, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) for the ferritin:ESR ratio and ferritin alone were constructed, and areas under the curves (AUCs) were calculated. The Youden index was used to determine the optimal ferritin:ESR ratio and ferritin alone cut points for diagnosis.

Results

A ferritin:ESR ratio of 21.5 was 82% sensitive and 78% specific for diagnosing sJIA‐MAS versus active sJIA without MAS. Ferritin alone with a set sensitivity of 95% (screening tool) had an 89.3% specificity of identifying all‐cause MAS versus febrile hospitalized children.

Conclusion

The ferritin:ESR ratio is a practical tool for diagnosing MAS among sJIA patients, and serum ferritin alone is a remarkable screening tool for identifying MAS among febrile hospitalized children.
Revelation of Inherently High Mobility Enables Mg3Sb2 as a Sustainable Alternative to n‐Bi2Te3 Thermoelectrics
Authors: Shi Xuemin , Sun Cheng , Bu Zhonglin , Zhang Xinyue , Wu Yixuan , Lin Siqi , Li Wen , Faghaninia Alireza , Jain Anubhav , Pei Yanzhong
Published: July 2019

Over the past years, thermoelectric Mg3Sb2 alloys particularly in n‐type conduction, have attracted increasing attentions for thermoelectric applications, due to the multivalley conduction band, abundance of constituents, and less toxicity. However, the high vapor pressure, causticity of Mg, and the high melting point of Mg3Sb2 tend to cause the inclusion in the materials of boundary phases and defects that affect the transport properties. In this work, a utilization of tantalum‐sealing for melting enables n‐type Mg3Sb2 alloys to show a substantially higher mobility than ever reported, which can be attributed to the purification of phases and to the coarse grains. Importantly, the inherently high mobility successfully enables the thermoelectric figure of merit in optimal compositions to be highly competitive to that of commercially available n‐type Bi2Te3 alloys and to be higher than that of other known n‐type thermoelectrics at 300–500 K. This work reveals Mg3Sb2 alloys as a top candidate for near‐room‐temperature thermoelectric applications.
Sn‐Based Perovskite for Highly Sensitive Photodetectors
Authors: Liu Chun‐Ki , Tai Qidong , Wang Naixiang , Tang Guanqi , Loi Hok‐Leung , Yan Feng
Published: July 2019

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have emerged as promising functional materials for high‐performance photodetectors. However, the toxicity of Pb and the lack of internal gain mechanism in typical perovskites significantly hinder their practical applications. Herein, a low‐voltage and high‐performance photodetector based on a single layer of lead‐free Sn‐based perovskite film is reported. The device shows broadband response from ultraviolet to near‐infrared light with a responsivity up to 105 A W−1 and a high gain at a low operating voltage. The outstanding performance is attributed to the high hole mobility, p‐doping nature, and excellent optoelectronic properties of the Sn‐based perovskite. Moreover, the device is assembled on a flexible substrate and demonstrates both high sensitivity and good bending stability. This work demonstrates a route for realizing nontoxic, low‐cost, and high‐performance perovskite photodetectors with a simple device structure.
GATA6 mutations: Characterization of two novel patients and a comprehensive overview of the GATA6 genotypic and phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Škorić‐Milosavljević Doris , Tjong Fleur V. Y. , Barc Julien , Backx Ad P. C. M. , Clur Sally‐Ann B. , van Spaendonck‐Zwarts Karin , Oostra Roelof‐Jan , Lahrouchi Najim , Beekman Leander , Bökenkamp Regina , Barge‐Schaapveld Daniela Q. C. M. , Mulder Barbara J. , Lodder Elisabeth M. , Bezzina Connie R. , Postma Alex V.
Published: July 2019

The first human mutations in GATA6 were described in a cohort of patients with persistent truncus arteriosus, and the phenotypic spectrum has expanded since then. This study underscores the broad phenotypic spectrum by presenting two patients with de novo GATA6 mutations, both exhibiting complex cardiac defects, pancreatic, and other abnormalities. Furthermore, we provided a detailed overview of all published human genetic variation in/near GATA6 published to date and the associated phenotypes (n = 78). We conclude that the most common phenotypes associated with a mutation in GATA6 were structural cardiac and pancreatic abnormalities, with a penetrance of 87 and 60%, respectively. Other common malformations were gallbladder agenesis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and neurocognitive abnormalities, mostly developmental delay. Fifty‐eight percent of the mutations were de novo, and these patients more often had an anomaly of intracardiac connections, an anomaly of the great arteries, and hypothyroidism, compared with those with inherited mutations. Functional studies mostly support loss‐of‐function as the pathophysiological mechanism. In conclusion, GATA6 mutations give a wide range of phenotypic defects, most frequently malformations of the heart and pancreas. This highlights the importance of detailed clinical evaluation of identified carriers to evaluate their full phenotypic spectrum.
Deaths of people with serious mental disorder: An exploration of deaths in custody and fatal police contacts
Authors: Crissman Belinda
Published: July 2019

People with serious mental disorders (PSMDs) are overrepresented both in prison deaths and during fatal encounters with the police in the community (deaths after police contact, DAPC). To identify common factors present across cases of who died during contact with the criminal justice system in Queensland, publicly available coroners reports were analysed (N = 38). The findings of the study indicated psychosis and mood disorders were the most common diagnosis in incarcerated PSMD deaths, and suicide was the most common cause of death for incarcerated PSMDs. Within incarcerated settings, access to healthcare records, medication compliance, risk assessment and monitoring, and safe housing of at‐risk prisoners may be potential areas to explore with regard to prevention. Similarly, PSMD DAPCs were more likely to be experiencing mood or psychosis disorders than other forms of mental disorder, and suicide and police shootings were the most common causes of death. In PSMD DAPC, inadequate mental health access, treatment noncompliance and comorbid substance use were included as potential areas that could direct research efforts toward prevention.
Severe brain involvement in 5q spinal muscular atrophy type 0
Authors: Mendonça Rodrigo H. , Rocha Antônio J. , Lozano‐Arango Andres , Diaz Astry B. , Castiglioni Claudia , Silva André M. S. , Reed Umbertina C. , Kulikowski Leslie , Paramonov Ida , Cuscó Ivon , Tizzano Eduardo F. , Zanoteli Edmar
Published: July 2019

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 0 is the most severe form of SMA, associated with the SMN1 gene and manifesting at birth. Most patients die in the first weeks of life. In this work, we present 3 patients with SMA type 0 who survived >1 year and presented diffuse and progressive brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging, which are not usually seen in patients with SMA. Thus, severe brain involvement may likely be the full end manifestation of an already extreme SMA phenotype caused by substantial reduction of the SMN protein in the brain. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:458–462
Selective Late‐Stage Oxygenation of Sulfides with Ground‐State Oxygen by Uranyl Photocatalysis
Authors: Li Yiming , Rizvi S. Aal‐e‐Ali , Hu Deqing , Sun Danwen , Gao Anhui , Zhou Yubo , Li Jia , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: July 2019

Oxygenation is a fundamental transformation in synthesis. Herein, we describe the selective late‐stage oxygenation of sulfur‐containing complex molecules with ground‐state oxygen under ambient conditions. The high oxidation potential of the active uranyl cation (UO22+) enabled the efficient synthesis of sulfones. The ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer process (LMCT) from O 2p to U 5f within the O=U=O group, which generates a UV center and an oxygen radical, is assumed to be affected by the solvent and additives, and can be tuned to promote selective sulfoxidation. This tunable strategy enabled the batch synthesis of 32 pharmaceuticals and analogues by late‐stage oxygenation in an atom‐ and step‐efficient manner.
Nickel/NHC‐Catalyzed Asymmetric C−H Alkylation of Fluoroarenes with Alkenes: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Fluorotetralins
Authors: Cai Yuan , Ye Xiaodong , Liu Sheng , Shi Shi‐Liang
Published: July 2019

Chiral polyfluoroarene derivatives are an important scaffold in chemistry. An unprecedented enantioselective C−H alkylation of polyfluoroarenes with alkenes is described. The reaction employs bulky chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands for nickel catalysts to enable exclusive activation of C−H bonds over C−F bonds and complete endo‐selective C−H annulation and excellent enantioselectivity. A wide variety of chiral fluorotetralins, compounds otherwise difficultly accessed but serve as important bioisosteric analogs of both tetralin and heterocycle units for drug design, are expediently synthesized from easily available substrates. To our knowledge, this is the first example of catalytic enantioselective C−H functionalization of polyfluoroarenes.
A Four‐Electron Sulfur Electrode Hosting a Cu2+/Cu+ Redox Charge Carrier
Authors: Wu Xianyong , Markir Aaron , Ma Lu , Xu Yunkai , Jiang Heng , Leonard Daniel P. , Shin Woochul , Wu Tianpin , Lu Jun , Ji Xiulei
Published: July 2019

The elemental sulfur electrode with Cu2+ as the charge carrier gives a four‐electron sulfur electrode reaction through the sequential conversion of S↔CuS↔Cu2S. The Cu‐S redox‐ion electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 3044 mAh g−1 based on the sulfur mass or 609 mAh g−1 based on the mass of Cu2S, the completely discharged product, and displays an unprecedently high potential of sulfur/metal sulfide reduction at 0.5 V vs. SHE. The Cu‐S electrode also exhibits an extremely low extent of polarization of 0.05 V and an outstanding cycle number of 1200 cycles retaining 72 % of the initial capacity at 12.5 A g−1. The remarkable utility of this Cu‐S cathode is further demonstrated in a hybrid cell that employs an Zn metal anode and an anion‐exchange membrane as the separator, which yields an average cell discharge voltage of 1.15 V, the half‐cell specific energy of 547 Wh kg−1 based on the mass of the Cu2S/carbon composite cathode, and stable cycling over 110 cycles.
Mechanical and thermal insulation properties of isocyanate crosslinked resorcinol formaldehyde aerogel: Effect of isocyanate structure
Authors: Aghabararpour Mohammad , Mohsenpour Mahsa , Motahari Siamak , Ghahreman Ahmad
Published: July 2019

In this article, the mechanical and thermal properties of resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) aerogels were improved using two different crosslinkers including hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The crosslinking was performed after the aerogel drying process, with two concentrations of crosslinking agent. The formation of urethane linkages was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of crosslinking process and crosslinking agent type on the mechanical properties was analyzed by compression, bending, and impact tests. The improvement of mechanical strength was attributed to the neck thickness, which was studied by atomic force microscopic test. The results revealed that a higher improvement was obtained by increasing the crosslinking agent value. HDI crosslinked aerogel represented the highest strain‐at‐break and MDI‐reinforced sample showed the highest strength. By crosslinking, the samples density was increased <59% and the reduced compressive strength was enhanced upto eight times. The effect of crosslinking on the thermal conductivity was explored. The increment of neck size and density enhanced the solid conductivity and, consequently, raised the thermal conductivity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48196.
Synthesis and evaluation of high‐temperature properties of butylated graphene oxide composite incorporated SBS (C4H9‐GO/SBS)‐modified asphalt
Authors: Duan Shaochan , Li Jing , Muhammad Yaseen , Su Zhibin , Meng Fei , Yang Hongquan , Yao Xiaoli
Published: July 2019

Graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) added styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS)‐modified asphalt suffers from serious compatibility and agglomeration problems. To tackle these problems, in this study, graphene oxide (GO) was mixed with bromobutane to synthesize butylated graphene oxide (C4H9‐GO) composite, which was in turn compounded with SBS for the preparation of C4H9‐GO/SBS‐modified asphalt. C4H9‐GO/SBS‐1.0‐modified asphalt exhibited the best performance in terms of 11.4% increased softening point, 19.3% increased ductility, and 10.2% reduction in penetration as compared to 5% SBS‐modified asphalt. Dynamic shear rheometer and multistress creep recovery tests showed that at 1.0% C4H9‐GO contents, C4H9‐GO/SBS composite‐modified asphalt exhibited the best high‐temperature performance and low stress sensitivity. Microscopic characterization of C4H9‐GO via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy revealed successful bonding between C4H9and GO, increasing interlayer spacing in GO. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the superior elasticity of C4H9‐GO than GNPs. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that C4H9‐GO sheets can be stabilized by SBS through π–π stacking with the polystyrene chains. This study awarded to the preparation of novel C4H9‐GO/SBS‐modified asphalt with superior mechanical property can be deemed of potential value and applications in construction and highway industries. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48231.
Harnessing irreversible thermal strain for shape memory in polymer additive manufacturing
Authors: D'Amico Tone P. , Barrett Connor , Presing Joseph , Patnayakuni Roshni , Pourali Masoumeh , Peterson Amy M.
Published: July 2019

Shape transformation upon annealing of fused filament fabrication additively manufacturing structures is investigated as a one‐way shape memory strategy using commodity thermoplastics. Irreversible thermal strain, which is a measurement of shape transformation upon annealing, is shown to depend on both raster angle and layer thickness, both of which are parameters than can be easily adjusted on most FFF printers. We present an algorithm based on our understanding of the underlying micromechanics of the system that allows for input of desired final dimensions and output the necessary print parameters. We also demonstrate that this approach is extensible to other materials and report more complex shape memory geometries. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48239.
Empirical model to simulate morphology of electrospun polycaprolactone mats
Authors: Yousefi S. H. , Tang C. , Tafreshi H. Vahedi , Pourdeyhimi B.
Published: July 2019

This work is the first to report a study aimed at generating 3D virtual geometries that represent the microstructure of an electrospun fibrous mat comprised curly fibers. Polycaprolactone (PCL) mats are considered in our study as an example of such fibrous structures. We started with simulating the formation of PCL filaments and observed good agreement between the predicted and measured fiber diameters. In the absence of quantitative information about the shape of a curly PCL fiber, we treated these fibers as arrays of beads arranged on epitrochoid profiles. We then used the fiber deposition diameter and velocity in a mass‐spring‐damper (MSD) model to generate 3D fibrous geometries comprised hundreds of such curly fibers. The damping and spring constants in the MSD model were obtained through calibration with experimental data reported for single electrospun PCL nanofibers. The size of the epitrochoid‐like fibers was obtained empirically through matching the average thickness of the resulting mats with those measured experimentally. With the calibrated code, we studied the effects of electrospinning conditions on the porosity of PCL nanofiber mats. It was found that increasing the voltage or decreasing the needle‐to‐collector distance results in PCL mats with thicker fibers, and consequently, lower porosities. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48242.
Synthesis of poly(4, 4′‐biphenylene sulfonyl succinamide)‐polysulfone blend membranes for removal of toxic metal ions from water
Authors: Subrahmanya T. M. , Naik Nagaraj S. , Padaki Mahesh , Geetha Balakrishna R. , Jyothi M. S. , Yadav Sudesh , Hung Wei‐Song
Published: July 2019

A novel polymer poly(4,4′‐biphenylene sulfonyl succinamide) (PBSS) was synthesized via polycondensation reaction. Succinyl chloride and 4‐aminophenyl sulfone were used as reactive monomers and anhydrous AlCl3 was used as a catalyst. Both polysulfone (PSf) and PBSS were dissolved in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) at different compositions to obtain a homogeneous solution to fabricate PSf‐PBSS blend membranes. The structure of PBSS was characterized by ATR‐IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. Thermal properties of PBSS were analyzed by TGA‐DTA. Mechanical properties and morphology of blend membranes were analyzed by universal testing machines and field emission scanning electron microscope, respectively. The hydrophilicity of blend membranes with respect to the concentration of PBSS was studied by contact angle and water uptake studies. Upon blending, the hydrophilicity of PSf‐PBSS membranes drastically increased due to the presence of large number of amide and sulfonyl groups in the matrix. The blend membranes exhibited significant increase in water flux from 100 L m−2 h to 650 L m−2 h−1, and rejection of 100% for Pb(II) and 80% for both Cd(II) and As(III) toxic heavy metal ions. The hydrophilic nature of CONH and inter and intramolecular hydrogen bonding among PBSS polymer chains dispersed within rigid PSf matrix imparts softness, amide and sulfonyl groups enhance interconnected porosity and hydrophilicity of blend membranes. Hence, PBSS may serve as a low‐cost novel polymeric additive for water purification and separation membrane applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48254.
Dodecylbenzene‐modified graphite oxide via π‐π interaction to reinforce EPDM
Authors: Fu Wen , Wang Li , Luo Jun‐lin , Deng Jian‐yi , Liu Quan‐wen
Published: July 2019

The surface modification of graphene oxide was carried out with dodecylbenzene, and the π‐π noncovalent interaction was introduced between the interfaces of graphene oxide and dodecylbenzene. The modified graphene oxide was added to ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer by mechanical blending, and then the ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer/modified graphene oxide vulcanizate was prepared. The results show that the dodecylbenzene loading rate on the surface of graphene oxide was about 40%. The addition of the graphene oxide and the modified graphene oxide was both beneficial to improve the thermal stability of the ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer, but the effect of the modified graphene oxide was better. The addition of graphene oxide would cause the glass transition temperature of vulcanizate to shift toward higher temperature. However, the addition of modified graphene oxide would result in the glass transition temperature of vulcanizate to shift toward lower temperature. The tensile strength and elongation at break of vulcanizate would be improved simultaneously with the addition of modified graphene oxide. The reason was related to the slipping of dodecylbenzene on the surface of graphene oxide and the destruction of π‐π non‐covalent bonds at dodecylbenzene‐graphene oxide interfaces. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48261.
Modification of epoxidized natural rubber as a PLA toughening agent
Authors: Sathornluck Supawan , Choochottiros Chantiga
Published: July 2019

In the present study, the modification of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was investigated to improve toughness of PLA. ENR‐PLA copolymers were synthesized by 2 steps reactions. Acid hydrolysis of ENR to prepare macroinitiator (ENR‐OH) and copolymerization with lactide to obtain ENR‐PLA copolymers. The reaction time of acid hydrolysis and the lactide monomer loading was investigated. The optimum conditions were 8 h acid hydrolysis with 5wt% lactide loading to obtain ENR8‐PLA5 copolymers. A series of samples of PLA blended with ENR‐PLA copolymers was prepared using melt‐blending. The blend of PLA with ENR8‐PLA5 copolymers at 1 phr substantially improved the tensile properties. The elongation at break was increased 67%, and toughness was increased 64% compared to neat PLA. These results indicate that ENR8‐PLA5 has potential as toughening agent for PLA. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48267.