bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mabbu‘im, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Varga Daniel ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Nikolsky Vlada
Published: December 2024

During March 2009, an archaeological survey was conducted in Nahal
Shelahim (License No. S-101/2009; map ref. 16600-710/59500-615). The survey,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by
the Jewish National Fund, was directed by D. Varga and V. Carmel.
Naḥal Ṭale
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Sonntag Flavia
Published: December 2024

During April 2011, an archaeological survey was conducted in the
settlement of 'Ar'ara in the Negev (License No. S-268/2011; map ref.
20285-400/56210-350), prior to construction. The survey, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and was underwritten by the
Bedouin Advancement Administration in the Negev, was directed by F. Sonntag,
with the assistance of N.S. Paran (survey) and S. Gal (GPS).
Ḥorbat Usha
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Oshri Aviram
Published: December 2024

During 2008-2012, several seasons of educational excavation were
conducted at Horbat Usha (Permit Nos. A-5372, A-5599, A-5848, A-6341,
A-6453; map ref. 213773-968/744225-418). The excavation, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Zevulun
Regional Council, was directed by A. Oshri (field photography), with the
assistance of K. Gur-Greenberg, A. Dan and D. Kirzner (area supervision), D.
Shavit and H. Goldman (assistants on behalf of the school), R. Mishayev, A.
Hajian and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), H. Ben-Ari and A. Dagot (GPS)
and Y. Gorin-Rosen (glass). Sixth grade pupils of the Nitzanē
Zevulun elementary school and volunteers from the villages in the Zevulun
Regional Council participated in the excavation.
Abu Ghosh (North), Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Barda Leticia ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Greenwald Roie
Published: December 2024

During August 2011, a survey was conducted within the precincts of the
Deir esh-Sheikh antiquities site, north of Abu Ghosh (License No.
S-297/2011; map ref. 210109-595/635080-781). The survey, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Ministry
of Interior, was performed by L. Barda and R. Greenwald (field photography),
with the assistance of A. Hajian (drafting).
Jerusalem, Mishkenot Sha’ananim
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Zilberbod Irina
Published: December 2024

During February-March 2011, an excavation was conducted in the upper
part of the Ben-Hinnom Valley in Jerusalem (Permit No. A-6103; map ref.
221511-68/631358-401), prior to the construction of a park named in honor of
Teddy Kollek. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by the Jerusalem Foundation, was directed by I.
Zilberbod, with the assistance of N. Nehama (administration), M. Kunin, B.
Antin, M. Kahan and Y. Shmidov (surveying and drafting), A. Peretz (field
photography), Sky View Company (aerial photography) and G. Solar
(conservation architect).
Ḥorbat Bizqa
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Korenfeld Israel
Published: December 2024

During June 2010, a salvage excavation was conducted next to Horbat
Bizqa (North) in the light industrial region in the western part of Modi'in
(Permit No. A-5929; 196554-98/643574-613), following preliminary inspections
prior to development. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and underwritten by Boneb Holdings and Assets Company
Michal Karavan, was directed by I. Kornfeld, with the assistance of E.
Bachar (administration), M. Kahan and A. Hajian (surveying), A. Peretz
(field photography), P. Gendelman (ceramic consultation) and M. Shuiskaya
(pottery drawing).
Eṭ-Ṭaiyiba, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Tepper Yotam
Published: December 2024

During September 2007, a survey preceding development was conducted at
et-Taiyiba (Permit No. A-5227; map ref. 24150-275/72250-375), prior to
preparing a master plan. The survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Gilboa' Regional Council, was
directed by Y. Tepper, with the assistance of A. Shapiro (GPS and plans) and
B. Hana.
Sandala
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Mokary Abdalla
Published: December 2024

During July 2010, a trial excavation was conducted in a private lot in
the eastern neighborhood of Sandala village (Permit No. A-5961; map ref.
230816-43/714370-405), prior to construction. The excavation, on behalf of
the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by A. Mokary (field
photography), with the assistance of Y. Ya'aqobi (administration), R.
Mishayev and M. Kahal (surveying and drafting), H. Tahan-Rosen (pottery
drawing) and laborers from 'Ara village.
Be’er Sheva‘
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Sonntag Flavia
Published: December 2024

During October 1994, a salvage excavation was conducted in the northern
section of Be'er Sheva' (Permit No. A-2181; map ref. 1819-22/5748-51), prior
to construction of a new neighborhood (Ramot D). The excavation, undertaken
on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the
Industrial Building Company Ltd., was directed by F. Sonntag, with the
assistance of D. Wolf, K. Nehmiyas and E. Rubin (area supervision), H. Lavi
(administration), V. Essman, V. Pirsky and A. Star (surveying and drafting),
Y. Lavi (field photography), S. Lavi (pottery restoration), T.
Krinkin-Fabian and A. Biton (drawing of finds), E. Altmark (metallurgical
laboratory), D.T. Ariel (numismatics), Y. Goren (petrography) and O. Katz.
Assistance in the preparation of this report was provided by G. Seriy, Y.
Baumgarten and N.S. Paran.
Horbat Qishron (North)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Dalali-Amos Edna ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Liran Roy
Published: December 2024

During May 2011, a trial excavation was conducted in an agricultural
area north of Horbat Qishron, west of Highway 65 and c. 1 km south of Golani
Junction (Permit No. A-6170; map ref. 23855-9/74136-8; Fig. 1), prior to
expanding the road between the Golani Junction and 'Afula. The excavation,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by
the National Roads Company, Ltd., was directed by E. Amos and R. Liran, with
the assistance of Y. Ya'aqobi (administration), A. Hajian and M. Kahan
(surveying), W. Atrash (guidance) and laborers from Tiberias.
Khirbat esh-Shubeika (B)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Syon Danny
Published: December 2024

During June-July 2004 a salvage excavation was conducted at Khirbat
esh-Shubeika (Permit No. 4202*; map ref. NIG 2163/7690; OIG 1663/2690), in
the wake of damage to antiquities caused by digging a pit for the
installation of an antenna. The excavation, on behalf of the Antiquities
Authority and financed by the Pelephone Communications Company, was directed
by D. Syon, with the assistance of H. Smithline (area supervision), Y.
Ya'aqobi (administration), V. Essman and V. Pirsky (surveying) and L.
Kupershmidt (metallurgical laboratory). Special thanks are extended to D.
Avshalom-Gorni (ceramics).
Khirbat Lubiya, Golany Interchange
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Hanna Butros
Published: December 2024

During July 2010, a survey preceding development was performed at the
Golany Junction (License No. S-206/2010; map ref. 237821-9295/741030-3000),
prior to paving the interchange of Highways 65 and 77. The survey,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by
the Department of Public Works/the Israel National Roads Company Ltd., was
directed by B. Hanna and J. Gosker, with the assistance of H. Ben-Ari (GPS).
Nahal ‘Anava, Highway 20
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Haiman Mordechai
Published: December 2024

During December 2010, a trial excavation was conducted in Nahal 'Anava
(Permit No. A-6065; map ref. 195693-6977/645311-6552), prior to paving roads
in Modi'in. The excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority,
was directed by M. Haiman (photography), with the assistance of L. Golan and
S. Yihi'elov (area supervision), Y. Amrani (administration) and M. Kunin
(surveying).
Yafo, Eden Hotel
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Dayan Ayelet ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Levy Yosef
Published: December 2024

During March 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted at the site of
the Eden Hotel in Yafo (Permit No. A-6093; map ref. 176777-824/662205-45),
following the discovery of archaeological remains while exposing the kurkar
bedrock prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the
Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by LLC Yefet 36, was directed
by Y. Levy and A. Dayan, with the assistance of F. Volynsky, D. Barkan, M.
Ajami, M, Mulokandov, L. Talmi, L. Drezner, T. Greenwald, A. Dagot, A.
Buchennino, H. Ben-Ari, S. Sushilov, Y. Arbel, R. Forestani, K. Sa'id, M.
Masarwa, D. Golan, A. Glick, L. Rauchberger, I. Kornfeld, A. Masarwa, P.
Spivak, P. Gendelman, L. Nadav-Ziv, R. Assis, L. Golan, A. Shadman, A.
Yaroshevitz, E. Oren, R. Toueg, I. Tahan, R. Lupu, E. Yannai, A.A. Sa'id, H.
Torge, E. Jakoel, A. 'Azab, Y. Elisha, Z. Rosenblit and O. Danziger (area
supervision), H. Ashkenazi and N. Bashukevitz (registration), Y. Lavan, R.
Abu Halaf, E. Bachar and Y. Amrani (administration), V. Essman, M. Kahan, M.
Kunin and Y. Shmidov (surveying), A. Peretz (field photography), A.
Gorzalczany and B. Ajami (safety), Y. Zahavi (safety officer), Y. Nagar and
V. Eshed (physical anthropology), and L. Di Segni (inscription translation).
Additional assistance was rendered by B. Antin, S. Ashkenazi, D. Na'amni and
Y. Rahamim.
Mishmar David
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Elisha Yossi
Published: December 2024

During November-December 2010, a salvage excavation was conducted in
Qibbuz Mishmar David (Permit No. A-6061; map ref. 190515-33/636714-36), in
the wake of damage to antiquities due to work prior to the installation of a
sewage pipe. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by T.A.N. Earthmoving Works Ltd., was directed by
Y. Elisha (photography), with the assistance of A. Hajian (surveying), M.
Shuiskaya (pottery drawing) and R. Frankel and E. Ayalon (consultation). A.
Shadman provided information regarding his nearby excavation prior to its
publication.
Khirbat en-Ni‘ana
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Torgë Hagit
Published: December 2024

During October 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted within the
precincts of the Khirbat en-Ni'ana antiquities site (el-Khirbah; Permit No.
A-6302; map ref. 18776-88/64193-207; Fig. 1), prior to drilling by the
Mekorot Company. The excavation, undertaken on behalf to the Israel
Antiquities Authority and underwritten by Mekorot, was directed by H. Torge,
with the assistance of Y. Amrani (administration), A. Hajian (surveying), A.
Peretz (field photography), B. Antin (drafting) and M. Shuiskaya (drawing of
finds).
Horbat Sabban, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Cinamon Gilad
Published: December 2024

During November 2008, a survey was conducted within the precincts of
Horbat Sabban, east of Qibbuz Ravid (License S-65/2008; map ref.
24430-90/75025-70), in the wake of plans to build a pool. The survey,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by
the Rimon Consultation and Management Company, Ltd., was directed by G.
Cinamon, with the assistance of H. Bron (survey) and A. Shapiro (GPS).
Ashqelon, Shimshon Neighborhood
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Erickson-Gini Tali ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Feder Oded
Published: December 2024

During February 1996, a salvage excavation was conducted on 5 Shay
Agnon Street in Ashqelon (Permit No. A-2433; map ref. 15820/61890). The
excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by
O. Feder, with the assistance of H. Lavi (administration), I. Vatkin and R.
Niculescu (surveying), Y. Lavi (field photography), T. Krinkin-Fabian and Y.
Kasabi (pottery drawing), M. Levin (metallurgical laboratory), and G.
Finkielsztejn (stamped amphora handles).
Karmiel, Ḥorbat Raḥaẓ
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Lerer Yoav
Published: December 2024

During May 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted at the Horbat Rahaz
antiquities site in Karmi'el (Permit No. A-6176; map ref. 22904-16/75751-63;
Fig. 1), prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the
Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Karmi'el municipality,
was directed by Y. Lerer, with the assistance of Y. Ya'aqobi
(administration), R, Mishayev and M. Kahan (surveying), A. Shapiro (GPS),Y.
Bibas (field photography), J. Gosker (preliminary inspections), N. Zak
(drafting), Y. Alexandre (pottery consultation) and H. Tahan-Rosen (pottery
drawing).
Mevasseret Ẓiyyon, Ḥorbat ‘En Telem (South)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Mizrahi Sivan
Published: December 2024

During July-August 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted at Horbat
'En Telem (south) in 'Emeq Ha-Arazim (Permit No. A-6249; map ref.
216299/634716), prior to the construction of a bridge. The excavation,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by
the Israel Railways Company, Ltd., was directed by S. Mizrahi, with the
assistance of N. Nehama (administration), M. Kunin (surveying), I. Berin
(drafting), B. Dolinka (pottery reading), I. Lidski-Reznikov (drawing of
finds), C. Amit (studio photography) and A. Berman (numismatics).
Nahal Yarmut, Hartuv to Ela Junctions, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Storchan Benyamin
Published: December 2024

During September-October 2010, an archaeological survey was conducted
on Highway 38, from Sha'ar Ha-Gāy to the Ela Valley (License No.
S-212/2010; map ref. 194-210/621-632), prior to the expansion and
development. The survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by the Public Works Bureau, was directed by D.
Storchan, with the assistance of R. Greenwald, N. German, and D. Levi (GPS).
Jerusalem, Mishkenot Sha’ananim
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Sulimani Gideon
Published: December 2024

During January 2008, a salvage excavation was conducted in the Lower
Aqueduct of Jerusalem, in theMishkenot Sha'ananimneighborhood(Permit No.
A-5357; map ref. 221429-52/630945-63; Fig. 1). The excavation, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the
Montefiore Foundation, was directed by G. Solimany, with the assistance of
Y. Ohayon (administration), A. Hajian and T. Kornfeld (surveying) and T.
Sagiv (field photography).
Ramla, Amos Street
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Toueg Ron ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Gorin-Rosen Yael
Published: December 2024

During July 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted on Amos Street in
Ramla, along the planned route of a water pipe installation (Permit No.
A-6251; map ref. 187505-24/647687-701), in the wake of damage caused to
antiquities. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by the Ramla Water Corporation, was directed by
R. Toueg, with the assistance of Y. Amrani (administration), A. Hajian and
M. Kunin (surveying), A. Peretz (field photography), B. Antin (preparing
plans for publication), M. Shuiskaya (pottery drawing), Y. Kupershmidt
(metallurgical laboratory), and Y. Gorin-Rosen (glass).
Er-Reina
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Mokary Abdalla
Published: December 2024

During May 2010, a trial excavation was conducted in Er-Reina village
(Permit No. A-5919; map ref. 229200-25/736385-415), prior to construction.
The excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed
by A. Mokary (field photography), with the assistance of Y. Ya'aqobi
(administration), R. Mishayev (surveying), H. Tahan-Rosen (pottery drawing),
and laborers from Tiberias.
Jerusalem, Zedekiah’s Cave
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Zelinger Yehiel
Published: December 2024

During September 2011, a trial excavation was conducted in Zedekiah's
Cave, next to the Old City in Jerusalem (Permit No. A-6280; map ref.
22198-221/63210-20). The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel
Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Wyatt Museum of Cornersville,
Tennessee (USA), was directed by Y. Zelinger, with the assistance of N.
Nehama (administration), V. Essman and Y. Shmidov (surveying and drafting),
S. Al-'Amlah (metal detection), A. Peretz (field photography), C. Amit
(studio photography), C. Hersch (drawing of finds), Y. Kupershmidt
(metallurgical laboratory), D.T. Ariel and R. Kool (numismatics) and
volunteers from the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
The Shoqet Junction
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Baumgarten Ya‘aqov
Published: December 2024

During February 2001 a salvage excavation was conducted at the Shoqet
Junction (Permit No. A-3372*; map ref. NIG 19035-65/57915-45; OIG
14035-65/07915-45) after the site was damaged when a cable television line
was being laid. The excavation, on behalf of the Antiquities Authority, was
directed by Y. Baumgarten, with the assistance of H. Lavi (administration),
V. Essman and V. Pirsky (surveying), S. Lavi (pottery restoration) and A.
Dudin (pottery drawing).
Jerusalem, Augusta Victoria
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, ‘Adawi Zubair
Published: December 2024

During June 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted along the southern
slopes of the Augusta Victoria compound in Jerusalem (Permit No. A-6196; map
ref. 22373-84/63246-7), prior to buildng a retaining wall for the compound.
The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
underwritten by the Lutheran Hostel, was directed by Z. 'Adawi, with the
assistance of B. Touri, K. Masarwa, A. Abbasi (antiquities inspection), N.
Nehama (administration), M. Kunin and B. Antin (surveying and drafting), A.
Peretz (field photography), S. Al-'Amlah (metal detection) and D.T. Ariel
(numismatics).
Jerusalem, Khirbat Ras et-Tawil
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Haiman Mordechai
Published: December 2024

During August-October 2010, a salvage excavation was conducted within
the Ras et-Tawil antiquities site, near to Pisgat Ze'ev neighborhood in
Jerusalem (Permit No. A-5842; map ref. 223160-778/637832-8140). The
excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by
M. Haiman (field photography), with the assistance of Y. Mizrahi
(administration), A. Hajian (surveying) and P. Gendelman (pottery reading).
Bet Shemesh, Ramat Bet Shemesh (C)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Kogan-Zehavi Elena
Published: December 2024

During October-November 2011, a trial excavation was conducted in Ramat
Bet Shemesh C (Permit No. A-6309; map ref. 198269-389/623159-94), prior to
construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by the Ministry of Construction and Housing, was
directed by E. Kogan-Zehavi, with the assistance of N. Nehama
(administration), M. Kunin and M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), A. Peretz
(field photography) and C. Hersch (pottery drawing).
Bet She’an
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Khalaily Hamudi ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Har’el Ya‘aqov
Published: December 2024

During May 2011, a trial excavation was conducted on Ha-Arba'a Avenue
in Bet She'an (Permit No. A-6175; map ref. 246909/711318), prior to
construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by the B.M.B. Assets and Building Company, was
directed by Y. Har'el, with the assistance of Y. Ya'aqobi (administration),
T. Meltsen (surveying and drafting), A. Shapiro (GPS), Y. Bibas (field
photography), D. Avshalom-Gorni (pottery reading), H. Tahan-Rosen (pottery
drawing), H. Khalaily (flint) and W. Atrash (guidance).
Bet She’an, Railway Station
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Har’el Ya‘aqov
Published: December 2024

In May-June 2013, a trial excavation was conducted at Bet She'an
(Permit No. A-6804; map ref. 24601-55/71316-50), after antiquities were
damaged during work on the new railway station. The excavation, undertaken
on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and financed by Netivei Israel
- the National Transportation Infrastructure Company, Ltd., was directed by
Y. Harel, with the assistance of Y. Lavan (administration), R. Mishayev and
M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), Y. Bibas (field photography), Y.
Alexandre (ceramics), L. Porat (pottery restoration), H. Tahan-Rosen
(pottery drawing) and N. Agha (archaeozoology).
Bet Shemesh, Ramat Bet Shemesh
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Landes-Nagar Annette
Published: December 2024

In late October and early November 2014, a salvage excavation was
conducted at Ramat Bet Shemesh (Permit No. A-7244; map ref.
198042-209/623053-185; Fig. 1), prior to construction of the D1
neighborhood. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and financed by the Ministry of Construction and Housing, was
directed by A. Nagar (photography), with the assistance of E. Bachar
(administration), M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), Y. Barshak (archive
photographs) and Y. Polikov(plans).
Zippori
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Abu Zedan Fadi
Published: December 2024

During March 2010, a salvage excavation was conducted in Moshav Zippori
(Permit No. A-5801; map ref. 226248-56/738837-46), after a burial cave was
exposed during construction in the expansion of the Moshav. The excavation,
on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was directed by F. Abu Zidan,
with the assistance of Y. Ya'aqobi and Y. Lavan (administration), A. Hajian
and A. Shapiro (surveying and drafting), A. Peretz (field photography), Y.
Nagar (physical anthropology), H. Tahan-Rosen (pottery drawing) and. D.
Barshad and Z. Horowitz.
Mevaseret Ẓiyyon
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Radashkovsky Igal
Published: December 2024

In November-December 2014, a salvage excavation was conducted near
Shimon Suissa Street in Mevaseret Ziyyon (Permit No. A-7255; map ref.
215443-7/633936-46; Fig. 1), prior to the construction of a new
neighborhood. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and financed by the Nitsba Holding, was directed by I.
Radashkovsky (field photography), with the assistance of N. Nahama
(administration), M. Kahan (surveying and drafting), B. Touri (safety), D.
Ben-Ami (scientific guidance), N. Zak (plans), as well as A. Eirikh-Rose and
E. Marco. N. Ben Ari performed a preliminary survey at the site.
Tarum
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Storchan Benyamin
Published: December 2024

During October 2010, a salvage excavation was conducted at Moshav Tarum
(Permit No. A-6017; map ref. 198329-337/632280-290), prior to construction
and renovation of a new synagogue. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of
the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Kenesset Aharon
Association, was directed by D. Storchan (field photography), with the
assistance of Y. Ohayon (administration), M. Kunin and A. Hajian (surveying)
and A. Nagorsky and P. Betzer (archaeological inspection).
Horbat Kelah (A)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Spivak Polina
Published: December 2024

During May 2008, an excavation was conducted within the precincts of
Horbat Kelah (Permit No. A-5441; map ref. 19820-35/64850-55), along the
route of the approach road to the cemetery in Modi'in. The excavation,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by
the Ministry of Construction and Housing, was directed by P. Spivak, with
the assistance of M. Kunin (surveying), T. Sagiv (field photography), N. Zak
(drafting) and laborers from Ashqelon.
Khirbat eṭ-Ṭira
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Masarwa Durar
Published: December 2024

During January 2012, a trial excavation was conducted in a lot at
Moshav Bareqet, within the precincts of the Bareqet and Khirbat et-Tira
(northwest) antiquities sites (Permit No. A-6386; map ref.
194691-728/658280-316), prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by Moshav
Bareqet local council, was directed by D. Masarwa, with the assistance of Y.
Amrani and E. Bachar (administration), R, Mishayev (surveying), H. Ben-Ari
(GPS), A. Peretz (field photography), A. Re'em and A. Gorzalczany
(assistance and consultation) and M. Shuiskaya (pottery drawing).
Sheqef, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Lender Yeshayahu
Published: December 2024

During January 2010, a survey prior to development was conducted in
Moshav Sheqef (License No. S-152/2009; map ref. 194236-453/60189-246). The
survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
underwritten by Moshav Sheqef, was directed by Y. Lender, assisted by S. Gal
(GPS).
Jerusalem, Newe Ya‘aqov
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Be’eri Ron
Published: December 2024

During June-July 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted in the Newe
Ya'aqov neighborhood of Jerusalem (Permit No. A-6360; map ref.
222739-68/638199-223), prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Ministry
of Housing and Construction, was directed by R. Be'eri, with the assistance
of N. Nehama (administration), A. Hajian and M. Kunin (surveying), A. Peretz
and R. Be'eri (field photography), I. Lidski-Reznikov (drawing of stone
finds), H. Rosenstein (metallurgical laboratory) and D.T. Ariel
(numismatics).
Giv‘at ‘Ada
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Kirzner Dan
Published: December 2024

During January 2012, a salvage excavation was conducted on Ha-Eshkol
Street in Giv'at 'Ada (Kh. el-Marah; Permit No. A-6403; map ref.
200290-336/713579-621), prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Schwartz
family, was directed by D. Kirzner (field photography), with the assistance
or Y. Amrani (administration), M. Kahan and R. Mishayev (surveying and
drafting), N. Zak (plans), M. Shuiskaya (pottery drawings) and C. Sa'id and
M. Masarwa.
Zikhron Ya‘akov, Khirbat Jabir
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Masarwa Marwan ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Gorin-Rosen Yael
Published: December 2024

During November 2008, a trial excavation was conducted in the Newe
Sharett neighborhood of Zikhron Ya'akov (Permit No. A-5533; map ref.
196418-548/718496-573), prior to construction. The excavation, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by Olga Merkazim
Zikhron 2002, Ltd., was directed by M. Masarwa, with the assistance of D.
Kirzner (area supervision), S. Ya'aqov-Jam (administration), A. Hajian and
T. Kornfeld (surveying and drafting), T. Sagiv (field photography), N. Zak
(plans), P. Gendelman (pottery), M. Shuiskaya (pottery drawing) and Y.
Gorin-Rosen (glass).
Jerusalem, Khirbat El-Qaṭṭ
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, ‘Adawi Zubair
Published: December 2024

During January-February 2012, a salvage excavation was conducted south
of the Har Homa neighborhood and Khirbat El-Qaṭṭ (Permit
No. A-6404; map ref. 22069-99/62495-9), prior to the installation of a sewer
pipe. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by the Gihon Company, was directed by Z. 'Adawi,
with the assistance of A. Eirikh-Rose (Jerusalem district), A. Nagar
(inspection), N. Nehama (administration), A. Hajian and M. Kahan (drafting
and surveying), A. Peretz (field photography), D. Sandhouse and B. Dolinka
(pottery reading), D. Amit (identification of a rock-hewn installation), S.
Al-'Amlah (metal detection), I. Lidski-Reznikov (pottery drawing), N.
Katsnelson (glass), Y. Kupershmidt (metallurgical laboratory), and D. T.
Ariel (numismatics).
Be’er Sheva‘ (west)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Paran Nir-Shimshon
Published: December 2024

During March 2009, a survey was conducted west of Be'er Sheva' (License
No. S-108/2009; map ref. 1737-51/5735-45), prior to reforestation. The
survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
underwritten by the Jewish National Fund was performed by N.S. Paran, with
the assistance of S. Gal (GPS).
Tel ‘Aro‘er (South)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Sonntag Flavia ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Paran Nir-Shimshon
Published: December 2024

During May 2011, an archaeological survey was conducted in the Bedouin
settlement of Abu Karinat near 'Aro'er Junction in the Negev (License No.
S-277/2011; map ref. 1975-83/5610-20), prior to the construction. The
survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
underwritten by the Abu Basma Regional Council, was performed by N.S. Paran
and F. Sonntag, with the assistance of S. Gal (GPS).
Tel Aviv, Ramat Aviv
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Barkan Diego ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Jakoel Eriola ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Agha Nuha
Published: December 2024

During January 2012, a salvage excavation was conducted in Ramat Aviv,
at the corner of Levi Eshkol and Shay Agnon Streets (Permit No. A-6405; map
ref. 180225-48/667691-762), following the exposure of ancient remains prior
to paving a new road lane. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the
Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Tel Aviv municipality
and the 'Rotbart Eyal Engineering and Management Company Ltd.', was directed
by D. Barkan, with the assistance of E. Jakoel and H. Shiff (area
supervision), A. Buchennino and L. Rauchberger (preliminary inspections), Y.
Amrani (administration), R. Mishayev and M. Kahan (surveying), A. Peretz
(field photography), N. Zak (drafting), C. Amit (studio photography), L.
Kupershmidt (metallurgical laboratory), N. Aga (archaeozoology), M.
Shuiskaya (pottery and artistic drawings), A. Gorzalczany, E. Yannai and Y.
Arbel (consultation), Y. Levy and M. Ajami.
Ibthan
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Masarwa Durar
Published: December 2024

During November 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted in the Ibthan
village (Permit No. A-6329; map ref. 204865-99/697010-37), prior to
construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by Z. Mamoun, was directed by D. Masarwa
(surveying and field photography), with the assistance of H. Ben-Ari (GPS),
A. Gorzalczany (consultation), I. Berin (final plan) and M. Shuiskaya
(pottery drawing).
Beror Hayyil, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Aladjem Emil
Published: December 2024

During August 2008, an archaeological survey was conducted west of
Moshav Telamim (License No. S-56/2008; map ref. 16790/60770), prior to
development work. The survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by the Talmē Ge'ulat 'Am Yisrael
Association, was performed by E. Aladjem.
Yafo, Yehuda Ha-Yammit Street
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Arbel Yoav ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Spivak Polina ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Ktalav Inbar ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Amitai-Preiss Nitzan
Published: December 2024

During March-April and July-August 2009 and February-March 2010,
salvage excavations were conducted along Yehuda Ha-Yammit Street in Yafo
(Jaffa; Permit Nos. A-5634, A-5829; map ref. 177252-356/661898-926), prior
to infrastructure work. The excavations, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by the Tel Aviv-Yaffo Municipality and Ahuzot
Ha-Hof Company, were directed by Y. Arbel, with the assistance of T.
Greenvald, H. Torgë, M. Hater, I. Tahan and M. Schiff (area supervisors), E.
Bachar and the S. Yaakov-Jam (administration), O. Ashkenazi and N.
Bashukevich (field recording), A Hajian, M. Kunin and T. Kornfeld
(surveying), A. Peretz and A. Gorzalczany (field and finds photography), N.
Zak (drafting), M. Shuiskaya (pottery drawing), A. de Vincenz , P. Gendelman
, K. Strange-Burke, E. Stern and G. Finkielsztejn (ceramic finds), P. Spivak
(flint), D.T. Ariel (numismatics), Y. Gorin-Rosen and T. Winter (Glass
finds), N. Amitai-Preiss (epigraphy), A. Glick (historical weapons), Y.
Nagar (physical anthropology), I. Ktalav (molluscology) and Sky View Company
(aerial photography).
Nahal Besor, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Aladjem Emil
Published: December 2024

During July 2006, an archaeological survey was conducted south of
Qibbuz Re'im (Permit No. A-4857; map ref. 1490-500/5825-40; Fig. 1), prior
to preparing the ground for development. The survey, undertaken on behalf of
the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Jewish National
Fund, was performed by E. Aladjem.
Mount Tabor
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Gur Yuval
Published: December 2024

During October-November 2011, a trial excavation was conducted at Mount
Tabor (Permit No. A-6285; map ref. 236553-81/732548-67), prior to
development. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by the Catholic Church's Custodian of the Holy
Land, was directed by Y. Gur (field photography), with the assistance of Y.
Ya'aqobi and H. 'Ez el-Din (administration), R. Mishayev (surveying and
drafting) and W. Atrash (guidance).
Amaẓya, Al-Dawayima
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Aladjem Emil ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Gendler Semyon
Published: December 2024

During January 2007, an archaeological survey was conducted northwest
of Moshav Amazya (Permit No. A-4987; map ref. 191800-94/604826-5650), prior
to expanding the settlement. The survey, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority, was directed by E. Aladjem and S. Gendler, with the assistance of
S. Gal (GPS).
Yafo, Shimon Ben Shetah Street
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Jakoel Eriola
Published: December 2024

During August 2009-March 2011, trial and salvage excavations were
conducted at 6 Shimon Ben Sheth Street in Yafo (Permit Nos. A-5719, A-5844;
map ref. 177315-84/662603-48), prior to construction. The excavation,
undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by
the Noga Ma'arav Company, Ltd., was directed by E. Jakoel, with the
assistance of S. Ya'aqov-Jam and E. Bachar (administration), L. Rauchberger,
H. Shiff and L. Talmi (area supervision and preliminary inspections), Y.
Israel (relocation of graves), M. Kunin, T. Kornfeld and M. Kahan
(surveying), A. Peretz (field photography), P. Gendelman (ceramics reading),
Y. Nagar and V. Eshed (physical anthropology), N. Zak (drafting), Y.
Kupershmidt (metallurgical laboratory), C. Amit (studio photography), E.
Kamaisky (pottery restoration), O. Raviv (stone restoration), D.T. Ariel
(numismatics) and Y. Gorin-Rosen (glass). Additional assistance was rendered
by A. Gorzalczany (guidance), M. Peilstöcker, Y. Arbel and Z. Shaham
(consultation), Y. Levy, M. Ajami, A. Re'em, F. Volynsky and D. Barkan (IAA
Central Region).
Ramla, Vilna Street
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Eshed Vered
Published: December 2024

During December 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted at 8 Vilna
Street in Ramla (Permit No. A-6376; map ref. 18686-8/64882-5), prior to
construction. The excavation, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by the Ramla municipality, was directed by V.
Eshed, with the assistance of Y. Amrani (administration) and Y. Elisha
(preliminary inspections).
Jerusalem, Binyene Ha-Umma (South)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Levi Danit
Published: December 2024

During November-December 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted along
the southeastern slopes of Giv'at Ram (Permit No. A-6343; map ref.
219414/632336), prior to paving Highway 30. The excavation, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by Moriya, the
Jerusalem Development Company, was directed by D. Levi, with the assistance
of N. Nehama (administration), A. Hajian (surveying), S. Hassan 'Amlah
(metal detection), Y. Shmidov (drafting), C. Amit (studio photography) and
D.T. Ariel (numismatics).
The Composiion of a Glass Chunk from ‘En Ya‘al (Naḥal Refa'im)
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Freestone Ian C.
Published: December 2024

In January-February 2011, a salvage excavation was conducted at 'En
Ya'al ('En Ya'el) along the north bank of Nahal Refa'im (Permit No. A-6096;
map ref. NIG 21665-700/62790-900), in the wake of damage to antiquities
caused while improving the drainage in the streambed. The excavation, on
behalf of the Antiquities Authority and funded by I. Barashi Co., was
directed by R. Avner. T. Winter studied the glass finds, I.C. Freestone
studied the chemical composition of a glass chunk and T.Z. Ariel studied the
coins. The excavation revealed building remains and pottery-kiln debris
dating from the time of the second temple to the fifth century CE. These can
be associated with the nearby remains of a villa and a pottery kiln
(Weksler-Bdolah 2007).
Manot Cave
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Khalaily Hamudi ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Boaretto Elisabetta ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Marder Ofer ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Barzilai Omry ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Yeshurun Reuven ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Frumkin Amos
Published: December 2024

During July 2010, a three-week excavation was conducted in the Manot
cave (License No. G-62/2010; map ref. 21835-45/77105-15), aiming to examine
the feasibility of a long-term interdisciplinary research project. The
excavation, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) and Tel Aviv
University (TAU), was directed by O. Barzilai and O. Marder of the IAA, I.
Hershkovitz of TAU, as well as A. Ayalon and M. Bar-Mathews (Geological
Survey of Israel, Jerusalem), G. Bar-Oz and R. Yeshurun (Zinman Institute of
Archaeology, University of Haifa), E. Boaretto and S. Weiner (Kimmel Center
for Archaeological Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science), F. Berna
(MicroStratigraphy Lab, Department of Archaeology, Boston University), A.
Frumkin (Department of Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem [HUJI]) and
H. Khalaily (IAA). Assistance in the excavation was provided by R. Lavi
(IAA; area supervision), M. Goder and M. Ulman (HUJI; area supervision), B.
Langford, Y. Shavtiel and U. Davidovich (Cave Research Unit of HUJI; cave
mapping), V. Essman and Y. Shmidov (IAA; draft person), and students and
volunteers from the Universities of Tel Aviv, Haifa, Jerusalem, as well as
from Ben-Gurion and Bar-Ilan Universities. The fieldwork in the cave was
very complicated and required the assistance of a rappelling team. We are
deeply indebted to U. Hofesh, N. Distenfeld, E. Aladjem, S. Bar-Tura and B.
Ajami of the IAA for their outstanding operation of this logistically
complicated project. Thanks are also extended to D. Barshad, E. Stern, and
Y. Lerer of the IAA Northern Region Office for their tremendous efforts to
make this project feasible. Z. Greenhut, G. Avni and U. Dahari of the IAA
assisted in pre-planning the project. Thanks are due to Y. Rimon and S.
Halvani from Qibbuz Yehi'am and N. and R. Reuven from Moshav Manot for their
hospitality. Last, but not least, we thank S. Dorfman, director of the IAA
and the late Dan David, for initiating the project and underwriting the
survey and excavation season.
Tel Gezer, Regional Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Mitchell Eric ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Zan Jason M. ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Coyle Cameron S. ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Dodd Adam R.
Published: December 2024

During the summers of 2007-2011, five seasons of survey were conducted
at Tel Gezer (License Nos. G-43/2007, G-45/2008, S-125/2009, S-185/2010,
S-285/2011; map ref. 189963-194994/637876-642005). The survey was undertaken
on behalf of The Tandy Institute of Archaeology at Southwestern Baptist
Theological Seminary Fort Worth, Texas, and the Israel Antiquities
Authority, with the support of the Israel National Parks Authority. The
survey was directed by E. Mitchell, with co-directors S. Ortiz and S. Wolff,
and with the assistance of J.M. Zan (associate director), A. Davidowitz
(field consultant), S. C. Coyle and R.A. Dodd (team leaders), and
archaeology students from the Tandy Institute.
Shiḥin, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Strange James R.
Published: December 2024

During May 2011, a survey was conducted on the hilltops of Shihin and
their environs (License No. S-284/2011; map ref 22502-690/74090-174). The
survey, on behalf of Samford University (Birmingham, Alabama, USA), was
financed through grants from Samford University and the Fund for Biblical
Archaeology, and through gifts from generous individuals, including Mrs. A.
Roth, Dr. S. Salyers, M.D. and Mrs. S. Salyers, Mrs. E. Strange and Mr. C.
Bertaut, and Mrs. J. Keller and Dr. R. Keller M.D. The survey was directed
by J. R. Strange (Samford University; surveying, photography and drawing of
finds), with the assistance of D. Fiensy (Kentucky Christian University;
associate director, team supervisor), A. Hix (Shorter University; team
supervisor, photography), B.W. Ruffner, M.D. (team supervisor, photography,
camp physician), M. Aviam (consulation; Institute for Galilean Archaeology),
C.M. Strange (camp manager), L. Watkins (GIS technician; not present in the
field), and students from Samford University (R. Gregory, K. Hyland, S.
McFarland, E. Padrino and E. Thornton) and the University of South Florida
(C. Lugo). Mr. T. Lankford of Robins and Morton Construction, Inc. donated
to Samford University the reflectorless Sokkia SET530R total station that
was used during this survey. The total station was operated with the use of
a Spectra Precision/TDS Recon data collector, donated to Samford University
by Mr. T. Foran of Allen Precision Equipment, Inc. Mr. J. Posey of Leica
Geosystems Inc. donated his time to train the director in the use of the
total station.
Nahal ‘Anava, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Korenfeld Israel ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Dayan Ayelet ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Assis Royee
Published: December 2024

During December 2011, a survey was conducted south of Modi'in (License
No. S-319/2011; map ref. 1990-2005/6445-50), prior to construction. The
survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and
underwritten by the Ministry of Housing and Construction, was performed by
R. Assis, I. Kornfeld (field photography) and A. Dayan, with the assistance
of H. Ben Ari (surveying), L. Barda (mapping), P. Spivak (prehistory
consultation), A. Onn and S. Weksler-Bdolah.
Jerusalem, the Old City, IDF House
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Avner Rina ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Ariel Donald T. ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Rubanovich Julia
Published: December 2024

During October 2007-March 2008, a trial excavation was intermittently
conducted beneath the IDF House in the Old City of Jerusalem (Permit No.
A-5276, map ref. 222164-5/631569-70; Fig. 1), following plans to renovate
the structure and convert it to a dwelling. The excavation, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by Daniel
Landski Architects Ltd., was directed by R. Avner and Y. Billig, with the
assistance of Y. Ohayon (administration), T. Kornfeld (surveying), T. Sagiv
(field photography), M. Avissar (ceramics), C. Amit (studio photography), C.
Hersch (pottery drawing), D.T. Ariel and A. Berman (numismatics), R.
Cohen-Amin (identifying the Persian inscription), J. Rubanovich (literary
study of the Persian inscription) and N. Amitai-Preiss (architectural
elements).
Horbat Rahba
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Nikolsky Vlada ,   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Aladjem Emil
Published: December 2024

During June 2007, a salvage excavation was conducted at Horbat Rahba
south of Dimona (Permit No. A-5146; map ref. 202448-98/550678-723; Fig. 1),
prior to the installation of a gas line. The excavation, undertaken on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the Israel
Natural Gas Line Company, Ltd., was directed by V. Nikolsky-Carmel, with the
assistance of Y. Lender (administration), A. Hajian (surveying and
drafting), Sky View Company (aerial photography), S. Talis (pottery
reading), A. Dodin (pottery drawing), E. Aladjem (flint implements), L.
Zeiger (flint drawings) and Y. Shmidov (plans).
‘Atlit-Yam
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Galili Ehud
Published: December 2024

During September 2011, an underwater study excavation was conducted at
'Atlit-Yam (Permit No. A-6271; map ref. 19435/73518). Over the years,
surveys of the submerged settlements located off the Carmel coast were
carried out. The excavation and surveys were undertaken on behalf of the
Israel Antiquities Authority, in cooperation with the Recanati Institute for
Maritime Studies and the Zinman Institute of Archaeology at the University
of Haifa, and supported by the Cost Action TD0902 project; SPLASHCOS -
Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf,
as part of the scientific cooperation program of the European Union and the
Alpha-Zoulou production company. The excavation and surveys were directed by
E. Galili, with the assistance ofY. Kahanov, D. Zevik and V. Eshed
(underwater archaeological excavation), A. Yorner, M. Bachar and D.
Moscowitz(logistics and diving), I. Greenberg, G. Arbel and B. Galili
(underwater photography), I. Hershkovitz of the Tel Aviv University Medical
School (physical anthropology), M. Weinstein-Evron, University of Haifa and
N. Lipschitz, University of Haifa (floral remains), L. Kolska Horwitz of the
Hebrew University and I. Zohar (faunal and floral remains), and Y. Melamed
of the Hyperbaric & Diving Medical Centerin theElisha and Rambam
Hospitals and EcoOcean-Marine Research and Education.
Miẓpe Ramon, Survey
Authors:   Israel Antiquities
                        Authority, Haimi Yoram
Published: December 2024

During March 2011, a survey was conducted in Mizpe Ramon (License No.
S-248/2011; map ref. 181234-525/502368-691), prior to planning a tourism
facility. The survey, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities
Authority and underwritten by the Mizpe Ramon Development Company, Ltd., was
performed by Y. Haimi (field photography), with the assistance of S. Gal
(GPS).