bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fans of the Archive: Reading Fan Letters in Richmal Crompton's Archive
Authors: McVeigh Jane
Published: July 2016

Richmal Crompton was a British twentieth-century writer of popular children’s stories. This seven minute film is about her fans, past and present, and is based in her archive at the University of Roehampton. It was made in collaboration with Archives and Special Collections and Media Services at the University of Roehampton, as well as members of the Just William Society and Richmal Crompton’s family.This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on February 20th 2016 and published on March 24th 2016.
Introduction to the IABA Europe Madeira Conference Papers
Authors: Editors EJLW
Published: July 2016

In 2015, the fourth IABA Europe conference took place in Funchal, Madeira, [being] hosted by the Centre for Atlantic Studies (CEHA) and co-hosted by the European Journal of Life Writing. This conference aimed to advance contemporary discussion on narrating lives (telling life stories) by and interpretation of life narrative and life writing, and the tensions to which these may give rise.
Extraordinary ordinary men Biographies of Dutch post-war premiers reviewed
Authors: Oprel Marieke
Published: July 2016

This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on December 24th 2015 and published on June 13th 2016.
Automated Control of the Organic and Inorganic Composition of Aloe vera Extracts Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Monakhova Yulia B , Randel Gabriele , Diehl Bernd W K
Published: July 2016

Recent classification of Aloe vera whole-leaf extract by the International Agency for Research and Cancer as a possible carcinogen to humans as well as the continuous adulteration of A. vera's authentic material have generated renewed interest in controlling A. vera. The existing NMR spectroscopic method for the analysis of A. vera, which is based on a routine developed at Spectral Service, was extended. Apart from aloverose, glucose, malic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, whole-leaf material (WLM), acetic acid, fumaric acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate, the quantification of Mg2+, Ca2+, and fructose is possible with the addition of a Cs-EDTA solution to sample. The proposed methodology was automated, which includes phasing, baseline-correction, deconvolution (based on the Lorentzian function), integration, quantification, and reporting. The NMR method was applied to 41 A. vera preparations in the form of liquid A. vera juice and solid A. vera powder. The advantages of the new NMR methodology over the previous method were discussed. Correlation between the new and standard NMR methodologies was significant for aloverose, glucose, malic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, and WLM (P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.99). NMR was found to be suitable for the automated simultaneous quantitative determination of 13 parameters in A. vera.
First Proposal of Minimum Information About a Cellular Assay for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Sakurai Kunie , Kurtz Andreas , Stacey Glyn , Sheldon Michael , Fujibuchi Wataru
Published: July 2016

Advances in stem cell research have triggered scores of studies in regenerative medicine in a large number of institutions and companies around the world. However, reproducibility and data exchange among laboratories or cell banks are constrained by the lack of a standardized format for experiments. To enhance information flow in stem cell and derivative cell research, here we propose a minimum information standard to describe cellular assay data to facilitate practical regenerative medicine. Based on the existing Minimum Information About a Cellular Assay, we developed Minimum Information About a Cellular Assay for Regenerative Medicine (MIACARM), which allows for the description of advanced cellular experiments with defined taxonomy of human cell types. By using controlled terms, such as ontologies, MIACARM will provide a platform for cellular assay data exchange among cell banks or registries that have been established at more than 20 sites in the world.

Significance

Currently, there are more than 20 human cell information storage sites around the world. However, reproducibility and data exchange among different laboratories or cell information providers are usually inadequate or nonexistent because of the lack of a standardized format for experiments. This study, which is the fruit of collaborative work by scientists at stem cell banks and cellular information registries worldwide, including those in the U.S., the U.K., Europe, and Japan, proposes new minimum information guidelines, Minimum Information About a Cellular Assay for Regenerative Medicine (MIACARM), for cellular assay data deposition. MIACARM is intended to promote data exchange and facilitation of practical regenerative medicine.
The Functional Gait Assessment in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Forsberg Anette , Andreasson Malin , Nilsagård Ylva
Published: July 2016

Background: Assessments of balance and walking are often performed in rehabilitation of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) is a test of walking balance including challenging items such as walking with a narrow base of support, with eyes closed, and backward. The aim was to investigate the validity (concurrent, discriminant, and known-groups) and sensitivity to change of the modified FGA in ambulatory individuals with MS.

Methods: A convenience sample of 87 individuals with MS was included (mean age, 54 years; 79% women). Concurrent and discriminant validity was investigated using tests of dynamic balance and the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS). Known-groups validity was investigated with self-reported number of falls and use of walking devices. Sensitivity to change was investigated with data from a group balance training study.

Results: The median FGA score was 15 (range, 1–26). Concurrent validity with tests of dynamic balance was moderate to strong, with the Timed Up and Go test having the highest correlation coefficient (rho = −0.74). Discriminant validity was shown with a low correlation coefficient with the MSIS psychological subscale (rho = 0.14). The FGA scores differed significantly for users of walking devices versus nonusers but not for reported falls. Sensitivity to change was moderate to low.

Conclusions: The FGA is a valid measure of balance during walking in people with MS, but further investigation is required for the ability to detect people at risk for falls.
Процјена утицаја промоције оралног здравља у дјеце источног дијела Републике Српске
Authors: Давидовић Бојана , Јанковић Свјетлана , Ивановић Драган , Ивановић Тања , Вулићевић Зоран , Ивановић Мирјана , Бокоњић Дејан
Published: July 2016

Uvod. Oralno zdravlje je neraskidivi dio cjelokupnog zdravlja. Stanje uposlijeratnom periodu, neadekvatna ishrana i zanemarena briga o oralnomzdravlju, odrazila se na zdravlje usta i zuba djece na ovim područjima. Ciljistraživanja je da se procijeni uticaj promocije oralnog zdravlja primjenompreventivnih mjera i zdravstvenim prosvjećivanjem na smanjenje pojaveoralnih oboljenja kod djece.Metode. Tokom ispitivanja pregledano je 599 djece, od 6 i 12 godina iz Foče,Čajniča, Kalinovika, Višegrada i Novog Goražda. Osnovne aktivnosti u tokuistraživanja bile su: zdravstveno prosvjećivanje djece, pregled usta i zuba,evidencija u stomatološke kartone, grupni zdravstveni razgovor sa djecom,individualni zdravstveni razgovor sa roditeljima i nastavnicima o načinuodržavanja oralne higijene, savjetovanje roditelja o pravilnom načinu ishrane.Rezultati. Kod 599 pregledanih dječaka i djevojčica odabranih uzrasta utvrđenje veoma visok karijes indeks osoba (KIo) od 99,8%, a bio je najmanji koddjece iz škola u Foči. Vrijednost karijes indeksa zuba (KIz) za svu djecuiznosila je 59,4 % i bila je najviša kod šestogodišnjaka Novog Goražda 69,8 %,a najniža kod dvanaestogodišnjaka u Foči 42,8%. Karijes indeks prosjek(KIp) za svu pregledanu djecu iznosi 4,1, odnosno za šestogodišnjake je 2,6,a za dvanaestogodišnjake je 5,5. Cirkularni karijes je prisutan kod 21,3 %šestogodišnjaka iz Foče, dok je u ostalim mjestima dvostruko češći. Procjenastanje zdravlja gingive je pokazala da samo 9,0% učenika ima potpuno zdravugingvu, blagu inflamaciju 89,2 %, dok je umjerena inflamacija konstatovanakod 1,8 %. Vrijednost plak indeksa od 1,1-2,0 imalo je 90,7 %, a od 2,1-3,0 2,8%djece. Ortodontska nepravilnost otkrivena je kod 55,4% dvanaestogodišnjaka.Zaključak. Uspješnim provođenjem preventivnih i profilaktičkih mjera sigurnose doprinosi daljem unapređenju oralnog, a samim tim i opšteg zdravlja djece,ali i cjelokupne populacije.Ključne riječi: karijes, oralna oboljenja, zdravstveno prosvjećivanje
Savremena terapija hroničnog hepatitisa C: efikasnost i mogućnost predviđanja terapijskog odgovora
Authors: Božić Milena , Bojović Ksenija , Đonić-Nenezić Miljana , Milošević Ivana , Žerjav Sonja
Published: July 2016

Uvod. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) je jedan od glavnih uzročnika hroničnog hepatitisa,ciroze jetre i hepatocelularnog karcinoma (HCC). Savremena terapijahroničnog hepatitisa C (HHC) podrazumeva primenu pegilovanog interferonaalfa 2a ili 2b (PEG IFN-α2a ili PEG IFN-α2b) i ribavirina (RBV). Cilj rada je da seproceni efikasnost HCV terapije i faktora za predviđanje terapijskog odgovora.Metode. Od 2002. do 2009. godine u XI odeljenju Klinike za infektivne itropske bolesti KC Srbije u Beogradu kod 314 bolesnika sa HHC primenjenaje antivirusna terapija (PEG IFN-α2a+RBV). Kod 194 bolesnika sprovedenaje kompletna terapija i praćeni su 24 nedelje posle završene terapije. Urađenasu sledeća virusološka ispitivanja: antitela na HCV (ELISA test), nivo HCVRNK u serumu (kvantitativni PCR test) i genotip HCV (tip-specifična PCRtehnika). Faktori koji su uticali na uspeh antivirusne terapije procenjeni suanalizom multivarijantne logističke regresije.Rezultati. U grupi bolesnika sa HHC više je bilo muškaraca (59,3%), starijih od40 godina (58,2%), sa visokim stepenom bazalne viremije (63%) i sa G1 (67%)HCV. Bridging fibroza i ciroza (F3, F4) su nađene kod 54 (27, 84%) bolesnika.Stabilan virusološki odgovor (SVR) je postignut kod 69,2%, relaps kod 11,9%,a bez odgovora na terapiju je bilo 19,8% bolesnika. Faktori koji su uticali napostizanje SVR bili su: non-1 genotip HCV (OR 5,9; 95% IP: 1,9–18,0), EVR(OR 0,92,; 95% IP: 2,73–35,97) i bolesnici mlađi od 40 godina (OR 3,66; 95%IP: 1,48–9,0). Neuspeh terapije u vidu relapsa zavisio je od visine bazalneviremije (OR 0,37; 95% IP: 0,12–0,97), godina života >40 godina (OR 4,8; 95%IP: 1,35–17,84) i prisustva ciroze (OR 2,1; 95% IP: 1,0–4,7). Kod bolesnika bezodgovora na terapiju faktori predviđanja neuspeha su bili: G1 (OR 3,9; 95%IP: 1,5–10,3), visoka bazalna viremija (OR 3,45; 95% IP: 1,29–9,19) i prekid ukontinuitetu primene terapije (OR 4,49; 95% IP: 1,72–11,76).Zaključak. Savremena, standardna terapija je bila efikasna kod 127/194 (69,2%)bolesnika sa HCC. Najznačajniji faktori za predviđanje uspeha terapije bili su:genotip HCV, EVR kod G1, životno doba bolesnika, stepen bazalne viremije,prisustvo ciroze i prekid u kontinuitetu terapije.
Uticaj profesionalnih štetnosti na traumatizam radnika „Rudnika i termoelektrane Ugljevik”
Authors: Đurić Vinko
Published: July 2016

Uvod. Profesionalne štetnosti porijeklom iz procesa proizvodnje, uslova radnesredine i zahtjeva rada, mogu uticati na povređivanje radnika na radu. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi stopa traumatizma, uzroci i izvori povređivanja, kao i dase provjeri da li postoje statistički značajne razlike u incidenciji i prevalencijitraumatizma na radnim mjestima sa posebnim uslovima rada u odnosu naone koji ne rade na takvim mjestima. Metode. Analizirane su povrede na radu od 1997–2007. godine, a korišćeni supodaci iz zdravstvenih kartona opšte medicine i ,,prijava nesreće na poslu“.Ispitanici su svrstani u dvije grupe: radnici koji rade na radnim mjestimagdje su prisutni posebni uslovi rada i radnici koji rade na radnim mjestima gdje nisu prisutni posebni uslovi rada, te su posmatrani po godinama života,dužini radnog i ekspozicionog staža, mjestu, uzroku i izvoru povrede, tetežini povrede. Rezultati. U posmatranom periodu 26,0 % zaposlenih je povrijeđeno. Indeksfrekvencije povređivanja na radnim mjestima gdje su posebni uslovi rada2,9 puta je veći od indeksa povređivanja gdje nisu posebni uslovi rada.Najznačajniji izvori povreda su „mašine za rad i obradu”, a najčešći uzrok povreda je „nedostatak opšte kontrole nad radom”. Radnici na radnimmjestima gdje su prisutni posebni uslovi rada statistički značajno su se češćepovređivali od ispitanika koji su radili na radnim mjestima gdje nisu prisutniposebni uslovi rada. Zaključak. Kod radnika koji su radili na radnim mjestima sa posebnim uslovimarada su statistički značajno veće stope incidencije i prevalencije traumatizma,što dokazuje nesumnjiv uticaj profesionalnih štetnosti.
Kvalitet života obolelih od psorijaze
Authors: Ražnatović Milena
Published: July 2016

Mada ne postoji univerzalna definicija kvaliteta života u vezi sa zdravljem,postignut je konsenzus da je to širok koncept koji uključuje fizičko zdravlje,psihološko stanje i socijalne odnose. Psorijaza je hronično inflamatorno oboljenjepovezano sa socijalnom stigmatizacijom, bolom, nelagodnošću, fizičkiminvaliditetom i psihološkim distresom. Brojne studije su pokazale da imaznačajan uticaj na kvalitet života obolelih. Ovaj pregledni rad se fokusira nakoncept kvaliteta života u vezi sa zdravljem kod obolelih od psorijaze i narazličite instrumente za njegovo merenje koji se mogu klasifikovati u upitnikespecifične za psorijazu, upitnike specifične za kožne bolesti i opšte upitnike.
Autorstvo/koautorstvo/lažno autorstvo
Authors: Vučković Dekić Ljiljana
Published: July 2016

Autorstvo je od najvećeg značaja za evaluaciju rada naučnika. Kako je savremenanauka multidisciplinarna i multiprofesionalna, jedan naučni članakje rezultat rada više saradnika, pa se u listi (ko)autora pojavljuje sve većibroj osoba. Iz te činjenice pojavljuje se novi pojam u istoriji nauke – lažnoautorstvo, t.j., pripisivanje autorstva saradnicima koji nisu značajno intelektualnodoprineli nastanku naučnog članka. Kako ova pojava višestruko štetii naučnicima i nauci u celini, udruženja urednika naučnih časopisa donelasu kriterijume za sticanje autorstva. Međutim, smatra se da ovi uslovi, iakomnogo puta reprodukovani u većini međunarodnih i domaćih časopisa, nisudovoljno poznati, ili da ih se neki autori ne pridržavaju. Razlozi za ovo suvišestruki, ali je krajnji ishod – kršenje visokih etičkih principa nauke – dobrenaučne prakse. Najvažniji korak ka poboljšanju klime u naučnoistraživačkomradu je edukacija mlađih saradnika o etici nauke, što je zadatak svih glavnihučesnika u procesu publikovanja.
Značaj ultrazvučnog skrininga za dijagnostiku i liječenje razvojnog poremećaja kuka
Authors: Domuzin Marinko , Grbić Slavko , Jakovljević Aleksandar , Grubor Predrag , Jović Darko , Maran Milorad , Grubor Milan , Lazić Milić
Published: July 2016

Uvod. Uvođenje ultrazvuka u dijagnostiku razvojnog poremećaja kuka(RPK) osamdesetih godina prošlog vijeka doprinijelo je njegovom ranomotkrivanju, a time i liječenju ovog poremećaja. Klinički pregled se pokazaonedovoljnim za uspješno liječenje. RPK je češći kod djevojčica, a različitoje zastupljen i regionalno. Na nastanak RPK utiču egzogeni i endogenifaktori. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi učestalost RPK dijagnostikovanih u Kliniciza ortopediju i traumatologiju KC Banja Luka kod djece do navršene jednegodine i uspješnost liječenja neoperativnim putem.Metode. U kabinetu za ultrazvuk (UZV) Klinike za traumatologiju aparatom„LOGIQ 5“ od januara do juna 2008.godine pregledano je 506 beba standardnommetodom po Grafu. Kod djece sa nestabilnim kukovima korištenje četverofazni sonoscrining (Harcke-Graf-Clarke). U postupku kontrole djecenakon aplikacije Pavlikovih remenčića primjenjivan je i prednji pristuppo Suzukiju. Pored UZV dijagnostike korištena je i radiografija. Za statističkuobradu podataka korišten je analitičko-statistički sistem SPSS verzija 18.Rezultati. U prvih šest mjeseci pregledano je 506 djece među kojima je uzrastaod jednog mjeseca bilo 350 (69%), dva mjeseca 9 (17,9%), između drugog ičetvrtog 48 (9,4%), preko četvrtog 17 (3,3%). Od ukupnog broja pregledanihviše je bilo ženske djece, 293 (58%). Dominantan tip kuka je bio Ib poGrafu, 342 (67,2%), a tip IIIb i IV nisu nađeni u ispitivanoj grupi. Dodatnadijagnostika je bila potrebna kod 68 (13,4%) djece. Praćeno je 56 (11,06%)odojčadi, od toga 53 (10,47%) djevojčice. Liječenje Pavlikovim remenčićimaprovedeno je kod 9 (17,78%) odojčadi, gips u humanom položaju kod 2 (3,57%)odojčeta, a u jednom slučaju (1,78%) je primjenjivana trakcija, a potom gipsu humanom položaju. Srednja vrijednost ugla alfa na kraju liječenja desno62°, lijevo 60°, a beta 53° desno i 58° lijevo.Zaključak. Klinička incidenca RPK u ispitivanoj grupi bila je 11,06%, a ultrazvučna1,77%. Dodatna dijagnostika je rađena kod 68 (13,4%) djece, a liječenjeRPK je bilo isključivo neoperativno.
Internet and computer addiction: “new age” disease of the 21st century
Authors: Medenica Snežana , Račić Maja , Joksimović Vedrana
Published: July 2016

The aim of this paper is to give a brief overview of research and the newesttheoretical considerations on internet addiction classification and treatment.Over the past years we have been increasingly facing the so-called “newage” disease of internet addiction as a serious problem affecting numerouspeople, especially the young population who has made social networks andother internet contents a modus vivendi. A literature search was conducted forthe purpose of locating information on prevalence, diagnosis and treatmentof internet and computer addiction. Certain researchers and psychiatristsbelieve that the excessive internet use is a symptom of other disorders, suchas depression and anxiety, or impulse control disorder. However, over thepast few years a consensus has been reached that this constellation of symptomsis actually an addiction disorder. The American Society of AddictionMedicine (ASAM) has recently come up with a new definition, according towhich addiction represents a chronic brain disorder. Consequently, the newAmerican Classification of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) has introduced thisform of addiction under the diagnostic category dubbed “cybernetic disorder”.The field of internet addiction is advancing rapidly through its officialrecognition as a separate and distinct addiction disorder. Some individualswith internet addiction are at significant risk and merit professional care andtreatment. There are several treatments available, but the primary preventionis the most effective intervention. Family practitioners and psychiatrists shouldbe taught to screen their patients for this disorder.
Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Republika Srpska / Prevencija kongenitalnog hipotireoidizma u Republici Srpskoj
Authors: Egeljić-Mihailović Nataša , Rajkovača Zvezdana
Published: July 2016

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a syndrome hipometabolizma with insufficient production or inadequate action of thyroid hormones. Most infants with normal CH looks and show no signs of hypothyroidism. Unrecognized and not treated in time CH has serious consequences in the psycho-physical development of the newborn are included in the form of mental and physical retardation of varying degrees. CH is not common, the incidence of her 1 / 3000-4000 newborns, but it is important to detect it in time and prevent its consequences. In terms of prevention and early detection in many countries introduced newborn screening at the CH. Screening involves a systematic search of the entire population of newborns specific regions or entire countries, for the diseases that are accessible treatment, which can not be clinically recognized early enough. In Republika Srpska neonatal screening for congenital hipotireize (NSCH) was introduced for all newborns since 2007. In the world, in order to implement different protocols NSCH concentration measurements Tireo stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) in blood. Measurement of TSH is more specific in the diagnosis of KH, while the more sensitive measurement of T4, but more expensive and less specific in frequent false-positive findings in premature infants and infants with low birth weight. In the Republika Srpska in order to NSCH determines the concentration of TSH in the blood of newborn structural differences of 3-5. days after birth. A retrospective study of data NS CH in Republika Srpska for the period 2007-2012. year showed that in 24 out of 58 680 infants found elevated TSH, which is a further clinical trial demonstrated the existence of CH. The incidence of CH in Republika Srpska 1/2445, but the ratio is 2: 1 in favor of males, with an unequal representation in municipalities. By introducing timely saplementne therapy (thyroxine) in neonates with CH provided them a normal psychological and physical development, which confirms the importance of NS in diagnosing congenital hypothyroidism.
Formal education of medical nurses in Bosnia and Herzegovina / Formalno visoko obrazovanje medicinskih sestara i tehničara u Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Avdić Mediha , Jović Duška , Dropić Emira , Van Malderen Greet , Schwendimann Rene
Published: July 2016

The health system and the education of health professionals in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is primarily focused on curative care and the provision of medical services, which limits the potential of the nursing workforce to respond to current and future health needs of the population. In order to solve these shortcomings are reflected in reduced competence and practice nurses launched a project to strengthen strinstva in BiH. Project leads a consortium made up of local and Swiss partners. In order to analyze the quality of formal higher education of nurses / technicians in BiH, we performed an evaluation of the current situation in the field of higher education of nurses / technicians in BiH in order to identify similarities and differences in terms of implementation of the Bologna process, duration of study, professional competencies that are acquired and coordinate plans and programs with European standards. The analysis included eight higher education institutions / colleges to study nursing and health care (five in FBiH, Sarajevo, Tuzla, Zenica, Mostar, Bihać and three public college in the RS: Banja Luka, Prijedor and Foča). All surveyed higher education institutions offer of qualified graduate nurses / technicians, and graduate medical health care, regardless of whether it comes to a three-year or four-year degree program. In this first systematic study of initial state a large number of questions remained unanswered, and will obtain comprehensive and reliable picture of higher education of nurses and technicians in BiH would need further more detailed analysis.
Nurse in peacekeeping missions - the experience of Democratic Republic of Congo / Medicinska sestra u mirovnim misijama – iskustvo iz Demokratske republike Kongo
Authors: Stanković Sanja
Published: July 2016

The obligation of a nurse in the implementation of his/her activities is to apply his expertise respecting the principles of patient rights, ethical and professional principles that support health of the population and each patient personally. The nurse is obliged to keep all data on patient health as a professional secret. Health care is a public activity and subject to control to meet the standard of education. Additional training of nurses depending on the needs of the service may be made in health care facilities or senior centres for training and development.In accordance with the requirements of participation in peacekeeping operations, in addition to the excellent performance of their professional responsabilities, a nurse has to be further educated depending on their specific mission. They must know historical development of ideas and people in the country where they will perform their duties, because regardless of the modernity of medicine in some countries still ruled by the original understanding of healing magic, white magicians... The nurse as a part of the health team is tasked to deal with the prevention, treatment and care, and raising the level of knowledge, education and informing the population about modern approaches to medical problems.In addition to primary task in the treatment and care of patients it is essential that nurses participate in team work. Team is a small group of people who has a common goal whose achievement can be completing each other’s skills and experience of its members. Team work in healthcare is the only way to work.
Problems of graduate nurses in everyday practice / Problemi diplomiranih medicinskih sestara u svakodnevnoj praksi
Authors: Jović Duška , Knežević Darija , Egeljić-Mihailović Nataša
Published: July 2016

The importance of nurses in the Republic of Serbian is still not sufficiently recognized, and it can be said that the role of nurses in the region and in our country, undervalued. The health care system of the Republika Srpska is still no systematization which would define the role of nurses with different levels of education. This leads to animosity between graduate nurses and other health care team members, and the greatest damage suffered by patients.The aim of this study is to assess the objective, everyday work problems graduate nurses in the Republika Srpska and their comparison with similar or the same problems faced by nurses at work in other countries. Used the method of literature review in the international databases in the period from 21.12.2014 to 31.12.2014.The main problems that nurses face in their daily work are: relationship nurse-patient ratio of nurses to patients, communication between nurses and doctors, the relationship between nurses. The comparative analysis shows that all of these problems in a negative way more pronounced in the Republika Srpska healthcare than anywhere else in the world. Although our nurses have sufficient knowledge, skills and tenacity to overcome these problems, but they are not set as leaders of teams of health care as in the world, but are systematically pushed aside. The result of such relations is that a large number of graduate nurses each year go into the European Union countries where their diploma appreciates and have economic values.
Ebola 2014 - unprecedented epidemic / Ebola 2014 – epidemija bez presedana
Authors: Knežević Darija , Jović Duška
Published: July 2016

Ebola, previously known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus strains. Starting from February 2014, the Ebola virus outbreak had spread across West African countries within a few months and caused great concerns of the World Health Organization. Currently there are no effective vaccines and drugs that are available for the prevention and treatment of infection with Ebola virus. Medical personnel caring for patients with suspect or confirmed Ebola viral disease is particularly exposed to the risk of suffering from this dangerous disease. It is important for frontline medical providers to understand key aspects of Ebola virus disease to quickly recognize an imported case, provide appropriate medical care, and prevent transmission. This paper gives a brief overview of the epidemics and pandemics, the biological characteristics of Ebola virus, the potential antiviral drugs and vaccines, as well as preventive measures.* 31 . July 2015, is said to have discovered an effective vaccine against Ebola virus http://www.thelancet.com/pb/assets/raw/Lancet/pdfs/S0140673615611175.pdf (note editor).
Risk factors frequencies for cerebrovascular stroke and a role of a licenced nurse in their prevention / Učestalost riziko faktora kod cerebrovaskularnog inzulta i uloga diplomirane medicinske sestre/tehničara u prevenciji
Authors: Dragović Verica
Published: July 2016

Cerebrovascular diseases belong to a group of leading mass chronical noninfectious diseases. Ischemic form is present in 80% of all cases. Primary prevention of these diseases includes taking measures in preventing and suppressing of known risk factors in disease development. The survey includes 866 patients treated for ischemic stroke on the Neurology department of Clinical Center in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Collected data includes risk factors at all 866 patients. The survey shows that hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are the most present risk factors. It also shows that men are more prone to smoking and alcohol consumption than women. Hypertension is the most common risk factor at women. It is also noticed that often two or more risk factors appear at one patient. Correct prevention, in this case affecting the reduction of smoking and alcohol consumption, treating hypertension, hyperlipidemia, overweight and diabetes would considerably reduce appearing frequency of all forms of stroke.
The selective estrogen receptor downregulator GDC-0810 is efficacious in diverse models of ER+ breast cancer
Authors: Joseph James D , Darimont Beatrice , Zhou Wei , Arrazate Alfonso , Young Amy , Ingalla Ellen , Walter Kimberly , Blake Robert A , Nonomiya Jim , Guan Zhengyu , Kategaya Lorna , Govek Steven P , Lai Andiliy G , Kahraman Mehmet , Brigham Dan , Sensintaffar John , Lu Nhin , Shao Gang , Qian Jing , Grillot Kate , Moon Michael , Prudente Rene , Bischoff Eric , Lee Kyoung-Jin , Bonnefous Celine , Douglas Karensa L , Julien Jackaline D , Nagasawa Johnny Y , Aparicio Anna , Kaufman Josh , Haley Benjamin , Giltnane Jennifer M , Wertz Ingrid E , Lackner Mark R , Nannini Michelle A , Sampath Deepak , Schwarz Luis , Manning Henry Charles , Tantawy Mohammed Noor , Arteaga Carlos L , Heyman Richard A , Rix Peter J , Friedman Lori , Smith Nicholas D , Metcalfe Ciara , Hager Jeffrey H
Published: July 2016

ER-targeted therapeutics provide valuable treatment options for patients with ER+ breast cancer, however, current relapse and mortality rates emphasize the need for improved therapeutic strategies. The recent discovery of prevalent ESR1 mutations in relapsed tumors underscores a sustained reliance of advanced tumors on ERα signaling, and provides a strong rationale for continued targeting of ERα. Here we describe GDC-0810, a novel, non-steroidal, orally bioavailable selective ER downregulator (SERD), which was identified by prospectively optimizing ERα degradation, antagonism and pharmacokinetic properties. GDC-0810 induces a distinct ERα conformation, relative to that induced by currently approved therapeutics, suggesting a unique mechanism of action. GDC-0810 has robust in vitro and in vivo activity against a variety of human breast cancer cell lines and patient derived xenografts, including a tamoxifen-resistant model and those that harbor ERα mutations. GDC-0810 is currently being evaluated in Phase II clinical studies in women with ER+ breast cancer.
Applicability of the ReproQ client experiences questionnaire for quality improvement in maternity care
Authors: Scheerhagen Marisja , van Stel Henk F. , Tholhuijsen Dominique J.C. , Birnie Erwin , Franx Arie , Bonsel Gouke J.
Published: July 2016

Background.The ReproQuestionnaire (ReproQ) measures the client’s experience with maternity care, following the WHO responsiveness model. In 2015, the ReproQ was appointed as national client experience questionnaire and will be added to the national list of indicators in maternity care. For using the ReproQ in quality improvement, the questionnaire should be able to identify best and worst practices. To achieve this, ReproQ should be reliable and able to identify relevant differences.

Methods and Findings.We sent questionnaires to 17,867 women six weeks after labor (response 32%). Additionally, we invited 915 women for the retest (response 29%). Next we determined the test–retest reliability, the Minimally Important Difference (MID) and six known group comparisons, using two scorings methods: the percentage women with at least one negative experience and the mean score. The reliability for the percentage negative experience and mean score was both ‘good’ (Absolute agreement = 79%; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.78). The MID was 11% for the percentage negative and 0.15 for the mean score. Application of the MIDs revealed relevant differences in women’s experience with regard to professional continuity, setting continuity and having travel time.

Conclusions.The measurement characteristics of the ReproQ support its use in quality improvement cycle. Test–retest reliability was good, and the observed minimal important difference allows for discrimination of good and poor performers, also at the level of specific features of performance.
HIV/STIs risks between migrant MSM and local MSM: a cross-sectional comparison study in China
Authors: Wu Jie , Wu Hong , Li Pengsheng , Lu Ciyong
Published: July 2016

Background.Internal migration plays a significant role in China’s HIV epidemic. However, few studies have directly compared migrant men who have sex with men (MSM) with local MSM with regard to HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STIs) risks.

Methods.We conducted a study in Guangzhou, China, with the aim of understanding the differences in HIV/STIs risks between migrant MSM and local MSM. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 273 migrant MSM and 249 local MSM in Guangzhou, China. Their behavioral and serologic data on HIV/syphilis were collected and compared between the two groups. A multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between HIV/STIs risks and migratory status.

Results.Migrant MSM, compared to local MSM, have higher odds of reporting unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) (OR= 1.4; 95% CI [0.9–2.0]) and having multiple homosexual partners (OR= 1.2; 95% CI [0.8–1.8]). A lower rate of condom use at homosexual debut was reported in migrant MSM than in local MSM (OR= 0.7; 95% CI [0.5–0.9]). Migrant MSM have less odds of reporting HIV/STIs testing in the previous 6 months relative to local MSM (OR= 0.5; 95% CI [0.4–0.8]). In addition, migrant MSM demonstrated a lower level of HIV knowledge than local MSM (OR= 0.4; 95% CI [0.2–0.8]).

Conclusion.Migrant MSM are more likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors, report a lower level of HIV knowledge and have less access to HIV/STIs testing. Further comprehensive interventions targeting migrant MSM are urged.
Dominant forest tree species are potentially vulnerable to climate change over large portions of their range even at high latitudes
Authors: Périé Catherine , de Blois Sylvie
Published: July 2016

Projecting suitable conditions for a species as a function of future climate provides a reasonable, although admittedly imperfect, spatially explicit estimate of species vulnerability associated with climate change. Projections emphasizing range shifts at continental scale, however, can mask contrasting patterns at local or regional scale where management and policy decisions are made. Moreover, models usually show potential for areas to become climatically unsuitable, remain suitable, or become suitable for a particular species with climate change, but each of these outcomes raises markedly different ecological and management issues. Managing forest decline at sites where climatic stress is projected to increase is likely to be the most immediate challenge resulting from climate change. Here we assess habitat suitability with climate change for five dominant tree species of eastern North American forests, focusing on areas of greatest vulnerability (loss of suitability in the baseline range) in Quebec (Canada) rather than opportunities (increase in suitability). Results show that these species are at risk of maladaptation over a remarkably large proportion of their baseline range. Depending on species, 5–21% of currently climatically suitable habitats are projected to be at risk of becoming unsuitable. This suggests that species that have traditionally defined whole regional vegetation assemblages could become less adapted to these regions, with significant impact on ecosystems and forest economy. In spite of their well-recognised limitations and the uncertainty that remains, regionally-explicit risk assessment approaches remain one of the best options to convey that message and the need for climate policies and forest management adaptation strategies.
Characterizing abnormal behavior in a large population of zoo-housed chimpanzees: prevalence and potential influencing factors
Authors: Jacobson Sarah L. , Ross Stephen R. , Bloomsmith Mollie A.
Published: July 2016

Abnormal behaviors in captive animals are generally defined as behaviors that are atypical for the species and are often considered to be indicators of poor welfare. Although some abnormal behaviors have been empirically linked to conditions related to elevated stress and compromised welfare in primates, others have little or no evidence on which to base such a relationship. The objective of this study was to investigate a recent claim that abnormal behavior is endemic in the captive population by surveying a broad sample of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), while also considering factors associated with the origins of these behaviors. We surveyed animal care staff from 26 accredited zoos to assess the prevalence of abnormal behavior in a large sample of chimpanzees in the United States for which we had information on origin and rearing history. Our results demonstrated that 64% of this sample was reported to engage in some form of abnormal behavior in the past two years and 48% of chimpanzees engaged in abnormal behavior other than coprophagy. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the historical variables that best predicted the occurrence of all abnormal behavior, any abnormal behavior that was not coprophagy, and coprophagy. Rearing had opposing effects on the occurrence of coprophagy and the other abnormal behaviors such that mother-reared individuals were more likely to perform coprophagy, whereas non-mother-reared individuals were more likely to perform other abnormal behaviors. These results support the assertion that coprophagy may be classified separately when assessing abnormal behavior and the welfare of captive chimpanzees. This robust evaluation of the prevalence of abnormal behavior in our sample from the U.S. zoo population also demonstrates the importance of considering the contribution of historical variables to present behavior, in order to better understand the causes of these behaviors and any potential relationship to psychological wellbeing.
On the discrimination between magnetospheric and ionospheric contributions on the ground manifestation of sudden impulses
Authors: Piersanti M. , Villante U.
Published: July 2016

The definite identification of the characteristics of the geomagnetic response to solar wind pressure changes represents an interesting element of magnetospheric dynamics that is also important in the Space Weather context. In the present analysis the aspects of the global response in ground‐based observations have been examined for three case events, discriminating between magnetospheric and ionospheric contributions in ground manifestations of sudden impulses (SI). The separation between the magnetospheric and ionospheric contributions is obtained by a comparison between the observations at geostationary orbit and the predictions of the Tsyganenko and Sitnov (2005) model for the different magnetospheric current systems (from the magnetopause, ring current, tail current, etc.). The magnetopause current is the key element for the SI variation observed at geosynchronous orbit in a wide local time sector and practically represents the DL field of magnetospheric origin. The expected DL field is then subtracted, at each ground station, from the experimental measurements, in order to obtain a confident estimate of the residual DP field at different latitudes and local times. After evaluating the contribution of the field‐aligned currents, we estimate the ionospheric current flow pattern of the preliminary and main impulses (PIIC and MIIC). The patterns of PIIC and MIIC fields are consistent with those proposed by Araki (1994). Some “anomalous” ground manifestations can be interpreted in terms of the combined effect of the irregular configuration of the boundary of the vortices of the ionospheric currents, of the rapid temporal evolution of the entire pattern, and of the station rotation beneath the pattern.
Steepening of waves at the duskside magnetopause
Authors: Plaschke F. , Kahr N. , Fischer D. , Nakamura R. , Baumjohann W. , Magnes W. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Giles B. L. , Strangeway R. J. , Leinweber H. K. , Bromund K. R. , Anderson B. J. , Le G. , Chutter M. , Slavin J. A. , Kepko E. L.
Published: July 2016

Surface waves at the magnetopause flanks typically feature steeper, i.e., more inclined leading (antisunward facing) than trailing (sunward facing) edges. This is expected for Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) amplified waves. Very rarely, during northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions, anomalous/inverse steepening has been observed. The small‐scale tetrahedral configuration of the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft and their high time resolution measurements enable us to routinely ascertain magnetopause boundary inclinations during surface wave passage with high accuracy by four‐spacecraft timing analysis. At the dusk flank magnetopause, 77%/23% of the analyzed wave intervals exhibit regular/inverse steepening. Inverse steepening happens during northward IMF conditions, as previously reported and, in addition, during intervals of dominant equatorial IMF. Inverse steepening observed under the latter conditions may be due to the absence of KHI or due to instabilities arising from the alignment of flow and magnetic fields in the magnetosheath.
Barotropic kinetic energy and enstrophy transfers in the atmosphere
Authors: Chemke R. , Dror T. , Kaspi Y.
Published: July 2016

The midlatitude atmosphere is characterized by turbulent eddies that act to produce a depth‐independent (barotropic) mean flow. Using the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) Reanalysis 2 data, the latitudinal dependence of barotropic kinetic energy and enstrophy are investigated. Most of the barotropization takes place in the extratropics with a maximum value at midlatitudes, due to the latitudinal variations of the static stability, tropopause height, and sphericity of the planet. Barotropic advection transfers the eddy kinetic energy to the zonal mean flow and thus maintains the barotropic component of the eddy‐driven jet. The classic description of geostrophic turbulence exists only at high latitudes, where the quasi‐geostrophic flow is supercritical to baroclinic instability; the eddy‐eddy interactions carry both the barotropization of eddy kinetic energy upscale to the Rhines scale and the barotropization of eddy potential enstrophy downscale.
Ion Bernstein instability dependence on the proton‐to‐electron mass ratio: Linear dispersion theory
Authors: Min Kyungguk , Liu Kaijun
Published: July 2016

Fast magnetosonic waves, which have as their source ion Bernstein instabilities driven by tenuous ring‐like proton velocity distributions, are frequently observed in the inner magnetosphere. One major difficulty in the simulation of these waves is that they are excited in a wide frequency range with discrete harmonic nature and require time‐consuming computations. To overcome this difficulty, recent simulation studies assumed a reduced proton‐to‐electron mass ratio, mp/me, and a reduced light‐to‐Alfvén speed ratio, c/vA, to reduce the number of unstable modes and, therefore, computational costs. Although these studies argued that the physics of wave‐particle interactions would essentially remain the same, detailed investigation of the effect of this reduced system on the excited waves has not been done. In this study, we investigate how the complex frequency, ω = ωr+iγ, of the ion Bernstein modes varies with mp/me for a sufficiently large c/vA (such that
) using linear dispersion theory assuming two different types of energetic proton velocity distributions, namely, ring and shell. The results show that low‐ and high‐frequency harmonic modes respond differently to the change of mp/me. For the low harmonic modes (i.e., ωr∼Ωp), both ωr/Ωp and γ/Ωp are roughly independent of mp/me, where Ωp is the proton cyclotron frequency. For the high harmonic modes (i.e.,
, where ωlh is the lower hybrid frequency), γ/ωlh (at fixed ωr/ωlh) stays independent of mp/me when the parallel wave number, k∥, is sufficiently large and becomes inversely proportional to (mp/me)1/4 when k∥ goes to zero. On the other hand, the frequency range of the unstable modes normalized to ωlh remains independent of mp/me, regardless of k∥.
Using multifractals to evaluate oceanographic model skill
Authors: Skákala Jozef , Cazenave Pierre W. , Smyth Timothy J. , Torres Ricardo
Published: July 2016

We are in an era of unprecedented data volumes generated from observations and model simulations. This is particularly true from satellite Earth Observations (EO) and global scale oceanographic models. This presents us with an opportunity to evaluate large‐scale oceanographic model outputs using EO data. Previous work on model skill evaluation has led to a plethora of metrics. The paper defines two new model skill evaluation metrics. The metrics are based on the theory of universal multifractals and their purpose is to measure the structural similarity between the model predictions and the EO data. The two metrics have the following advantages over the standard techniques: (a) they are scale‐free and (b) they carry important part of information about how model represents different oceanographic drivers. Those two metrics are then used in the paper to evaluate the performance of the FVCOM model in the shelf seas around the south‐west coast of the UK.
Changes and influencing factors in biogenic opal export productivity in the Bering Sea over the last 4.3 Ma: Evidence from the records at IODP Site U1340
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Chen Muhong , Zhang Lanlan , Su Xiang , Xiang Rong
Published: July 2016

We reconstructed changes in biogenic opal export productivity (BOEP) in the southern Bering Sea (BS) over the last ∼4.3 Ma, based on mass accumulation rate (MAR) of biogenic opal from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1340. The results show that the BOEP in the BS was high and variable between ∼4.3 and ∼1.9 Ma, extremely low and relatively stable from ∼1.9 to ∼1.1 Ma, and then fluctuated frequently (generally high during interglacials and low during glacials) during the last ∼1.1 Ma. One interval of enhanced BOEP from ∼4.3 to ∼3.2 Ma is a response to the Late Miocene‐Early Pliocene “Biogenic Bloom Event.” Another interval from ∼2.8 to ∼1.9 Ma correlates with global opal burial shifting from high‐latitude oceans to upwelling‐influenced regions following the intensification of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG). Whereas, the increase in BS opal export productivity during the last ∼1.1 Ma tends to be a “local” phenomenon. Overall, the BOEP shows a similar trend and good correspondence to the input of the Alaskan Stream (AS), which can be traced using the Na2O/K2O ratio. We thus conclude that the AS may be the direct, and primary factor on BOEP variability in the BS during the last ∼4.3 Ma. In addition, although the poor correlation between opal MAR and volcanic glass suggests that BOEP variability was not controlled by long‐term variations in the volcanism or ash abundance, increased ash abundance indicated by high contents of volcanic glasses was also a possible reason for enhanced BOEP during the period from ∼4.3 to ∼3.2 Ma and the last ∼0.5 Ma.
Organocatalytic [3+2] Cycloadditions of Barbiturate‐Based Olefins with 3‐Isothiocyanato Oxindoles: Highly Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Synthesis of Dispirobarbiturates
Authors: Zhao Hong‐Wu , Tian Ting , Pang Hai‐Liang , Li Bo , Chen Xiao‐Qin , Yang Zhao , Meng Wei , Song Xiu‐Qing , Zhao Yu‐Di , Liu Yue‐Yang
Published: July 2016

Catalyzed by a Cinchona‐based thiourea, the [3+2] cycloadditions of barbiturate‐based olefins with 3‐isothiocyanatooxindoles proceeded readily, and furnished dispirobarbiturates in excellent chemical yields with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. The absolute configuration of dispirobarbiturates was firmly confirmed by an X‐ray single crystal structure analysis. A reaction mechanism was proposed to account for the enantioselective formation of dispirobarbiturates.

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