bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeochemistry of Pre-Jurassic Aquifers in West Siberia
Authors: Novikov D.A. , Dultsev F.F. , Chernykh A.V. , Khilko V.A. , Yurchik I.I. , Sukhorukova A.F.
Published: November 2020

––For the first time in the last 35 years, hydrogeochemical data on pre-Jurassic complexes in West Siberia have been generalized. Groundwater and brines of Cl–Na and Cl–HCO3–Na type with total salinity (TDS) varying from 4 to 330 g/L are found to be widespread in the area under study, with the former type dominating. A detailed analysis of the hydrogeochemical data allowed us to assume the presence of three genetic groups of groundwater and brines in the hydrogeologic section: (1) sedimentogenic, (2) lithogenic (revived) and ancient infiltrogenic, and (3) condensatogenic. An integrated analysis of coefficients rNa/rCl, Ca/Cl, (Br/Cl)·10–3, and (Sr/Cl)·10–3 and integrated index S of brine metamorphization in the Siberian sedimentary basins has corroborated the fact that groundwater and brines in West Siberia are at the initial stage of metamorphization of their chemical composition. Groundwater and brines in the studied Siberian sedimentary basins show an increase in the degree of metamorphization (catagenetic changes) of their chemical composition in transition from the areas of igneous and metamorphic deposits at the base of the Meso–Cenozoic sedimentary cover of the young West Siberian sedimentary basin to the structures of the ancient Siberian Platform, where ultrastrong Ca–Na and Ca chloride brines are widespread.
The role of tumor-derived exosomes in tumor immune escape: A concise review
Authors: Truong Nhat Chau , Huynh Thao Nhi , Pham Khuong Duy , Pham Phuc Van
Published: November 2020

Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by viable cells into the microenvironment. These vesicles bring various compositions, including lipids, RNAs and proteins, which carry information from producer cells to target cells. Cancer cells also produce exosomes, termed as tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), which play important roles in immune modulation, angiogenesis and metastasis of tumors. This review summarizes the roles of TDEs in tumor immune escape mechanisms. TDEs affect all kinds of tumor-associated immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), T and B lymphocytes, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Generally, TDEs suppress the immune system to promote tumor immune escape, thereby significantly contributing to tumorigenesis and metastasis.
PATTERNS OF SAC UTILIZATION AND THE SINE QUA NON OF THE SELF-PROPELLED DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS' ENGLISH PROFICIENCY
Authors: Furaidah Furaidah , Suharmanto Suharmanto
Published: December 2020

This article reports on a study intended to find out the patterns of the Self Access Center (SAC) utilization by students of the English Departments, State University of Malang, and to explore the most effective pattern in developing students English proficiency as well as students' learning autonomy. The study involved 207 students of various years. Thedata were collected through questionnaires, observations, and interviews. Analyses of the students' responses to the questionnaires resulted in the findings that the more advanced the students were, the less frequently they utilized the SAC; that the students' proficiency was improving along with classes; and that the students were autonomous in their learning. In addition, the study also found out that the materials and activities need to be periodically updated in order for the SAC to better serve the learning needs of the more advanced students.
TOWARDS A HOLISTIC AND INCLUSIVE PEDAGOGY FOR STUDENTS FROM DIVERSE LINGUISTIC BACKGROUNDS
Authors: Bisai Samrat , Singh Smriti
Published: December 2020

In a multilingual classroom, students come from various cultural, linguistic, and racial backgrounds. They have different ideologies, opinions, and needs. In this regard, ‘one size fits all’ pedagogy is not only irrelevant but also absurd because the instructions and interactions in the classroom do not cater to the needs of all the students. Therefore, a carefully planned pedagogy that addresses the needs of the individual learners differently in the classroom is needed. In this scenario, implementing multilingual pedagogy in the classroom might be a better idea as it can address the needs of individual learners by making education inclusive and accessible to all. Multilingual pedagogy here is defined as a set of principles that are used to varying degrees in different approaches depending on the teaching context, learners, and curriculum (Neuner, 2004). This paper discusses various approaches, methods, and strategies within the framework of multilingual pedagogy that can be implemented in a classroom consisting of students from diverse linguistic backgrounds. To provide a clear picture of the theoretical ideas, the practical implementation of the ideas in some schools are also discussed. During the implementation, it is indicated that multilingual pedagogy holds the potential to enhance student learning.
Open Letter regarding the Elina Sushkevich case
Authors: Volodin N. N.
Published: November 2020

Open letter of MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Academician of RAS Nikolay N. Volodin, President of Russian association of specialists in perinatal medicine (RASPM) regarding the case of Elina Sushkevich.
A necessidade de novos discursos teóricos frente à crise do Estado Social
Authors: Copelli Giancarlo Montagner , Morais Jose Luis Bolzan
Published: November 2020

Resumo: O arranjo político-jurídico denominado Estado Liberal Social, ou seja, o modelo de ideário democrático, consolidado no pós-Guerra, é aquele em que os indivíduos são detentores de direitos alcançados mediante a ação estatal, voltados às questões de igualdade no que se refere a situações econômicas e sociais, indo além dos direitos civis e políticos típicos do Estado Liberal Clássico. De caráter prestacional, o Estado Liberal Social é, portanto, intimamente ligado às políticas públicas. Ocorre, entretanto, que tal modelo, enquanto sequência do projeto liberal, encontra-se em crise, seja ela de viés fiscal-financeiro, ideológico ou filosófico, acenando para uma espécie de limite tanto à formulação quanto à execução de políticas públicas por meio do Estado. Adotando essa perspectiva, parece necessário o pensar em novas possibilidades de arranjo, capazes de ir além dos limites impostos pela própria contemporaneidade, como condição de possibilidade para facultar a satisfação das garantias constitucionais de ordem social, sobretudo em países de modernidade tardia, como o Brasil. Para esta pesquisa, a metodologia empregada terá como abordagem o método fenomenológico. O método de procedimento aqui escolhido é o histórico.Palavras-chave: Estado Social, crise, alternativa.Abstract: The political-legal arrangement called the Liberal Social State, that is, the model of democratic ideology, consolidated in the post-war period, is one in which individuals are holders of rights achieved through state action, focused on issues of equality with regard to economic and social situations, going beyond the civil and political rights typical of the Classic Liberal State. Therefore, the Social Liberal State is therefore closely linked to public policies. It happens, however, that such a model, as a sequence of the liberal project, is in crisis, be it of fiscal-financial, ideological or philosophical bias, pointing to a kind of limit both to the formulation and to the execution of public policies through the State. Adopting this perspective, it seems necessary to think about new possibilities of arrangement, capable of going beyond the limits imposed by contemporary times, as a condition of possibility to provide the satisfaction of constitutional guarantees of social order, especially in countries of late modernity, such as Brazil. For this research, the methodology employed will be approached by the phenomenological method. The method of procedure chosen here is history.Keywords: Social State, crisis, alternative.
The Effect of Sample Amount and Decoction Time on The Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of Decoction Lemon Balm and Sage
Authors: YAMAN Cennet
Published: December 2020

In this study, decoctions (herbal tea) of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L), two of the important medicinal plants, were analysed for antioxidant activity, antioxidants, and minerals (K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Ba, Ag and Ga) were determined in each sage and lemon balm dry leaves as well as decoctions by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The antioxidant activities of decoctions were evaluated by scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radicals, and varied from 19.4 to 109.1 mg trolox equivalent (TE) cup-1 for DPPH and from 35.0 to 168.0 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) cup-1 for H2O2. The highest antioxidant activity and antioxidants such as total phenolic, flavonoid and flavanol contents were found in the decoction of lemon balm. The analysed minerals were most efficiently observed in sage decoctions. The study also showed that the best sample amount in terms of the minerals was 3 g for both species, but decoction time was statistically insignificant for sage and 10 min more effective for lemon balm. As a result, it was tried to determine the most appropriate sample amount and decoction time for the decoctions of both species according to the analysed parameters.
İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİCİLERİNİN BAKIŞ AÇISIYLA İŞGÜCÜ FARKLILIKLARININ YÖNETİMİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ÖZÇELİK Hayrettin , DOĞAN Altan
Published: November 2020

Çalışmanın amacı; çalışanların farklılık olarak algılanan özelliklerini, insan kaynakları yöneticilerinin işgücü farklılıklarına yönelik tutumlarını, işgücü farklıklarının işletmelere sağladığı faydaları ve neden olduğu olumsuzlukları belirlemektir. Nitel bir araştırma olan bu çalışmada, odak grup görüşmesi yöntemi ve genel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni PERYÖN (Türkiye İnsan Yönetimi Derneği) ile ilişkili, çalışan sayısı 150 ve üzeri olan ve özel sektörde yer alan işletmelerin insan kaynakları yöneticileridir. Odak Grup Görüşmeleri 3 oturumda toplam 12 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri çalışmaya katılan yöneticilere ve çalıştıkları işletmelere ait bilgilerin sorulduğu Bilgi Formu ve Odak Grup Görüşmesi ile elde edilmiştir. Veriler, Microsoft Excel programı kullanılarak önceden belirlenen temaların altında bir araya getirilmiş ve Betimsel Analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; katılımcıların büyük bir çoğunluğunun iyimser yaklaşım içinde olduğu; kuşaklararası farklılıklar, cinsiyet, din, kılık kıyafet ve fiziksel görünüm, cinsel yönelim, statü, kültür ve il-bölge farklılıklarının öne çıkan işgücü farklılıkları olduğu görülmüştür.
KENTLEŞME İLE GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: BOOTSTRAP PANEL GRANGER NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ
Authors: KEYİFLİ Nazlı
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışma seçilmiş 8 Yeni Sanayileşen Ülke (Brezilya, Çin, Endonezya, Filipinler, Malezya, Meksika, Tayland, Türkiye) özelinde kentleşme ve gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisini, 2000-2018 dönemi için yıllık veri seti kullanarak ampirik olarak analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi Kónya’nın (2006) Bootstrap panel Granger nedensellik analizinden yararlanılarak araştırılmıştır. Bootstrap panel Granger nedensellik sonucuna göre Brezilya, Filipinler, Endonezya, ve Malezya için kentleşmeden gelir eşitsizliğine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi; Çin için gelir eşitsizliğinden kentleşmeye doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu; Meksika ve Türkiye için ise çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
REKABET AVANTAJI YARATMADA SOSYAL MEDYANIN MÜŞTERİ TATMİNİ, MÜŞTERİ BAĞLLIĞI VE MÜŞTERİYİ ELDE TUTMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ALKAYA Alkan , SAHİN Fatih
Published: November 2020

Sosyal medya platformları ve araçları işletmelerin rekabet avantajı yaratmasında yeni bir yol olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı akıllı cep telefonu markalarının rekabet avantajı yaratmak amacıyla müşteri tatmini, müşteri bağlılığı ve müşteriyi elde tutma çabaları üzerinde bu markaların sosyal medya pazarlama faaliyetlerinin etkisinin incelenmesidir. Akıllı cep telefonu sektöründe marka değeri en yüksek ilk iki marka üzerinden yürütülen bu çalışmada, araştırma modelinin test edilmesinde kullanılan veriler Uşak İl’inden basit tesadüfi örneklem tekniği kullanılarak anket aracılığı ile toplam 462 geçerli veriye ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma hipotezleri yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak SPSS v.26 ve AMOS v.24 programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sosyal medya pazarlama faaliyetlerinin dolaylı ve doğrudan müşteriyi elde tutma oranı üzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir.
The Loma de Hierro Ni-laterite deposit (Venezuela): Mineralogical and chemical composition
Authors: Domènech Cristina , Galí Salvador , Soler Josep M. , Ancco Marite P. Ancco , Meléndez Williams , Rondón José , Villanova-de-Benavent Cristina , Proenza Joaquín A.
Published: November 2020

Nickel laterite deposits developed on ultramafic rocks have traditionally been a significant source of Ni and Co and recently of Sc. Although the Loma de Hierro deposit (Venezuela) has been in operation for more than 50 years, it lacks detailed studies on the mineralogical and geochemical composition of the lateritic profile. In this study, we present a geochemical and mineral description of the main carrier phases of Ni and Co in a complete profile of the deposit. The selected weathering profile has been developed from a partially serpentinized harzburgitic protolith and has a well-developed saprolitic horizon covered by a thin limonitic horizon. The geochemical signature of the profile is characterized by a significant Mg and Si decrease towards the top of the saprolite, with a clearly visible Mg discontinuity. The main Ni-bearing minerals are secondary serpentine (1–4 wt.% NiO) and kerolite-pimelite-dominated garnierite mixtures with serpentine (18–22 wt.% NiO). Limonite is rich in goethite (0–1.85 wt. % NiO), gibbsite, and Mn-oxy-hydroxides. The latter have intermediate compositions between lithiophorite and asbolane (2–13 wt.% CoO). The highest Sc grades (40–68 ppm) were observed in the limonite with amounts positively correlated with Fe content. Rare earth elements are mainly concentrated in the upper part of the saprolite horizon (60–80 ppm), while they have a lower content in the limonite (7–45 ppm). In this horizon, rare earth elements are clearly associated with Fe, indicating adsorption and/or coprecipitation. This association was not observed in the saprolite, suggesting that other minerals (e.g., clay minerals) are controlling their concentration; more information is needed to identify the rare earth element-bearing minerals. The lateritic profile of Loma de Hierro can be classified as representative of hydrated Mg silicate deposits, and was formed in a context of continuous tectonic uplift and a low water table conditions favoring the development of a thick saprolitic horizon and the precipitation of kerolite-pimelite-dominated garnierites.
Metamorphic fingerprints of Fe-rich chromitites from the Eastern Pampean Ranges, Argentina
Authors: Colás Vanessa , Subías Ignacio , González-Jiménez José María , Proenza Joaquín A. , Fanlo Isabel , Camprubí Antoni , Griffin William L. , Gervilla Fernando , O’Reilly Suzanne Y. , Escayola Monica F.
Published: November 2020

Chromitites hosted in the serpentinized harzburgite bodies from Los Congos and Los Guanacos (Eastern Pampean Ranges, north Argentina) record a complex metamorphic evolution. The hydration of chromitites during the retrograde metamorphism, their subsequent dehydration during the prograde metamorphism and the later-stage cooling, have resulted in a threefold alteration of chromite: i) Type I is characterized by homogeneous Fe3+- and Cr-rich chromite; ii) Type II chromite contains exsolved textures that consist in blebs and fine lamellae of a magnetite-rich phase hosted in a spinel-rich phase; iii) Type III chromite is formed by variable proportions of magnetite-rich and spinel-rich phases with symplectitic texture. Type I chromite shows lower Ga and higher Co, Zn and Mn than magmatic chromites from chromitites in suprasubduction zone ophiolites as a consequence of the redistribution of these elements between Fe3+-rich non-porous chromite and silicates during the prograde metamorphism. Whereas, the spinel-rich phase in Type III chromite is enriched in Co, Zn, Sc, and Ga, but depleted in Mn, Ni, V and Ti with respect to the magnetite-rich phase, due to the metamorphic cooling from high-temperature conditions. The pseudosection calculated in the fluid-saturated FCrMACaSH system, and contoured for Cr# and Mg#, allows us to constrain the temperature of formation of Fe3+-rich non-porous chromite by the diffusion of magnetite in Fe2+-rich porous chromite at <500 ºC and 20 kbar. The subsequent dehydration of Fe3+-rich non-porous chromite by reaction with antigorite and chlorite formed Type I chromite and Mg-rich olivine and pyroxene at >800 ºC and 10 kbar. The ultimate hydration of silicates in Type I chromite and the exsolution of Type II and Type III chromites would have started at ~600 ºC. These temperatures are in the range of those estimated for ocean floor serpentinization (<300 ºC and <4 kbar), the regional prograde metamorphism in the granulite facies (800 ºC and <10 kbar), and subsequent retrogression to the amphibolite facies (600 ºC and 4-6.2 kbar) in the host ultramafic rocks at Los Congos and Los Guanacos. A continuous and slow cooling from granulite to amphibolite facies produced the exsolution of spinel-rich and magnetite-rich phases, developing symplectitic textures in Type III chromite. However, the discontinuous and relatively fast cooling produced the exsolution of magnetite-rich phase blebs and lamellae within Type II chromite. The P-T conditions calculated in FCrMACaSH system and the complex textural and geochemical fingerprints showed by Type I, Type II and Type III chromites leads us to suggest that continent-continent collisional orogeny better records the fingerprints of prograde metamorphism in ophiolitic chromitites.
New mineralogical data on platinum-group minerals from the Río Santiago alluvial placer, Esmeraldas province, Ecuador
Authors: López-Males Gladys G. , Aiglsperger Thomas , Pujol-Solà Núria , Proenza Joaquín A.
Published: November 2020

Mineralogical studies on platinum-group minerals found in placer deposits from the Río Santiago (Ecuador) are scarce. In this investigation, one sample collected from the Río Santiago alluvial placer was studied via a multi-disciplinary approach, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, and Raman spectroscopy. Whole-rock geochemistry data of the sample confirms elevated Au and platinum-group elements contents and the chondrite-normalized pattern reveals pronounced positive Ir and Pt anomalies. Free grains of platinum-group minerals were separated via hydroseparation techniques and identified as: i) Pt-Fe alloy (Pt3Fe), ii) tulameenite (Pt2FeCu) and iii) hongshiite (PtCu). The most abundant platinum-group mineral is Pt-Fe alloy (85%) that occasionally hosts cuprorhodsite (CuRh2S4) inclusions. Although the primary source remains unknown, the geochemical and mineralogical data suggests that the source of platinum-group minerals in the Río Santiago alluvial placer is a mafic-ultramafic Ural-Alaska type complex. Possible primary sources are the mafic and ultramafic rocks found in the mafic basement of the coastal region and the Western Cordillera (Piñón, San Juan and Pallatanga units), which derive from the Late Cretaceous Caribbean Colombia Oceanic Plateau (CCOP).
Petrology and geochemistry of high-Al chromitites from the MedellÍn Metaharzburgitic Unit (MMU), Colombia
Authors: Hernández-González Juan S. , Butjosa Lídia , Pujol-Solà Núria , Aiglsperger Thomas , Weber Marion , Escayola Mónica , Ramírez-Cárdenas Carlos , Blanco-Quintero Idael F. , González-Jiménez José María , Proenza Joaquín A.
Published: November 2020

The Medellin Metaharzburgitic Unit (MMU), emplaced onto the western continental margin of Pangea during Triassic time, is located in the Central Cordillera of Colombia and consists of metaharzburgites, minor metadunites and chromitite bodies (Patio Bonito and San Pedro ore deposits). The ultramafic rocks contain relicts of mantle-derived olivine, chromian spinel and minor orthopyroxene, and a later metamorphic mineral assemblage composed by tremolite, chlorite, talc, fine-grained recrystallized olivine, serpentine-group minerals, magnetite, and secondary chromian spinel, formed during the thermal evolution of the unit. The Cr# [Cr/(Cr+Al) atomic ratio] of the accessory primary chromian spinel in the metaperidotites ranges from 0.58 to 0.62 and overlaps those of supra-subduction peridotites from ophiolites. According to textural and compositional variations, the accessory chromian spinel in the metaperidotites can be classified into three groups: i) partially altered chromian spinel with an Al-rich core, ii) porous, Cr-Fe2+-enriched and Al-Mg-depleted chromian spinel, and iii) homogeneous Fe3+-rich chromian spinel. These variations can be related to superimposed medium-T metamorphism that reached amphibolite facies (ca. 600 ºC). Chromitite bodies associated with the metaperidotites have massive and semi-massive textures, and mainly consist of chromian spinel crystals, which show large unaltered cores surrounded by thin alteration rims of ferrian chromian spinel and chlorite. Chromitites are Al-rich (#Cr <0.6) and strongly depleted in platinum group elements (ΣPGE <41 ppb). The primary petrological and geochemical characteristics preserved in the metaperidotites and chromitites indicate that the MMU formed at shallow levels of a suboceanic lithospheric mantle related to a supra-subduction zone (back-arc basin/incipient arc scenario), and that the chromitites crystallized from a tholeiitic magma (back-arc basin basalt type).
Mineral deposits of Latin America and the Caribbean. Preface
Authors: Proenza Joaquín A. , Torró Lisard , Nelson Carl E.
Published: November 2020

The region that encompasses Latin America and the Caribbean is a preferential destination for mining and mineral exploration, according to the Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020 of the US Geological Survey (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/). The region contains important resources of copper, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, iron, niobium, aluminum, zinc, lead, tin, lithium, chromium, and other metals. For example, Chile is the world’s largest copper producer and the second largest lithium producer. Brazil is the world’s leading niobium producer, the second largest producer of iron ore, and the third-ranked producer of tantalum. Cuba contains some of the largest reserves of nickel and cobalt in the world, associated with lateritic Ni-Co deposits. Mexico is traditionally the largest silver producer and contains the two largest mines in this commodity and, along with Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Argentina, accounts for more than half of the total amount of global silver production. The region also hosts several world-class gold mines (e.g., Pueblo Viejo in the Dominican Republic, Paracotu in Brazil, Veladero in Argentina, and Yanacocha in Peru). Also, Bolivia and Brazil are among the world’s leading producers of tin. The region hosts a variety of deposit types, among which the most outstanding are porphyry copper and epithermal precious metal, bauxite and lateritic nickel, lateritic iron ore from banded iron-formation, iron-oxide-copper-gold (IOCG), sulfide skarn, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), Mississippi Valley type (MVT), primary and weathering-related Nb-bearing minerals associated with alkaline–carbonatite complexes, tin–antimony polymetallic veins, and ophiolitic chromite. This special issue on Mineral Deposits of Latin America and the Caribbean in the Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana contains nineteen papers. Contributions describe mineral deposits from Mexico, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Chile, and Argentina. This volume of papers covers four mineral systems (mafic-ultramafic orthomagmatic mineral systems, porphyry-skarn-epithermal mineral systems, iron oxide copper-gold mineral systems, and surficial mineral systems). This special issue also includes papers on industrial minerals, techniques for ore discovery (predictive modelling of mineral exploration using GIS), regional metallogeny and mining history.
The Pliocene Xoconostle high sulfidation epithermal deposit in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt: Preliminary study
Authors: Fuentes-Guzmán Edith , Camprubí Antoni , Gabites Janet , González-Partida Eduardo , Colás Vanessa
Published: November 2020

The Xoconostle prospect in northeastern Michoacán state, south-central Mexico, is constituted by high sulfidation epithermal breccias and stockworks with Au and Hg prospective anomalies. The mineralization is hosted by latest Miocene to Pliocene rocks grouped into the El Terrero ignimbrite and the Siete Cruces dome complex and a stock of intermediate composition and undetermined (Pliocene?) age. Two alunite samples from deep hypogene advanced argillic alteration assemblages within the deposit yielded 40Ar/39Ar ages at 5.57 ± 0.44 (Messinian) and 3.67 ± 0.20 Ma (Zanclean). Such ages are in good agreement with those of volcanic rocks at a semi-regional scale, especially those associated with the nearby Amealco caldera. Assuming that the formation of Xoconostle deposit could be genetically related to any of the eruptive units in this caldera, it would be associated with dacitic-andesitic rocks at ~4.7 Ma or with bimodal andesite-basalt volcanism at ~3.7 Ma, with which rhyolites at the southwest rim of the caldera (nearer to the epithermal deposit) are contemporaneous. The obtained ages are also in good agreement with those determined for the youngest stages in the evolution of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). In addition, such ages compare well with those established for the E-W striking Morelia-Acambay normal fault zone (or Acambay graben). The occurrence of E-W structural features in the study area support their correlation with those in the Acambay graben. Although the metallogenesis of the TMVB needs further endeavours that contribute to its understanding, the Xoconostle prospect adds up to other dated magmatic-hydrothermal deposits that may collectively constitute a Pliocene metallogenic province whose inception was geologically circumscribed to this volcanic arc. However, this and its companion papers in this issue confirm the metallogenic potential of the TMVB in most of its stages of evolution, particularly in the late Miocene-Pliocene stage of acid and bimodal volcanism.
Petrogenesis of the chromitite body from the Cerro Colorado ophiolite, Paraguaná Peninsula, Venezuela
Authors: Mendi David J. , González-Jiménez José María , Proenza Joaquín A. , Urbani Franco , Gervilla Fernando
Published: November 2020

Ultramafic-mafic rocks of ophiolitic affinity crop out along the Venezuelan Caribbean region. They have been interpreted as remnants of the oceanic lithosphere of the Caribbean volcanic arc (135-70 Ma) as well as relicts of proto-Caribbean oceanic lithosphere (Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous) related to Pangea’s break-up. The Cerro Colorado ophiolite, located in the Paraguaná Peninsula, together with the case of the Cordillera de la Costa in north-central Venezuela, are a unique case of these Venezuelan ophiolites containing chromitite bodies. However, the petrogenesis of such a mafic-ultramafic complex and associated chromite ore remains are unknown to date. To advance our understanding of chromite ores in the Caribbean region, the genesis of the Cerro Colorado chromitite body is challenged. The Cerro Colorado chromitite body is characterized by a low-Cr content [Cr# =Cr/ Cr+Al= 0.44-0.60] and a distribution of trace elements in chromite as is typical of high-Al chromitites found in the shallower portions of the petrological Moho Transition Zone of Mesozoic ophiolites. The calculated melts in equilibrium with chromite forming this high-Al chromitite body are back-arc basin basalts. These melts were extracted after ~20 % partial melting of moderately depleted peridotites, which resulted in the precipitation of high-Al chromitite relatively impoverished in PGE (≤ 100 ppb total PGE). A comparison of the geochemical signatures of minor and trace elements in chromite and bulk-PGE contents of the Cerro Colorado chromitite with those of other known chromitites in the peri-Caribbean ophiolites show certain similitude with those high-Al described in the Moa-Baracoa ophiolite in eastern Cuba. The obtained results allow us to suggest that the ultramafic rocks of the Cerro Colorado and the chromitite body associated with it are closely related to the formation of a back-arc basin developed between ca. 125-120 Ma in the rear of the Great Antilles Arc.
Evaluación de la satisfacción personal en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad El Bosque, de tercero a décimo semestre para el periodo 2018-II
Authors: Gomez Jordan Santiago , Parra Paola Andrea , Duarte Vanessa , Giraldo Angie Cristina , Miranda Rafael
Published: November 2020

Introducción: La satisfacción es clave en la vida estudiantil y se afecta por factores y experiencias positivas o negativas; sin embargo, no hay información sobre la satisfacción para estudiantes de medicina colombianos. El objetivo fue medir el grado de satisfacción en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad El Bosque, caracterizarlos socio demográficamente y relacionar la satisfacción con variables. 

Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, aplicando la Escala de Satisfacción Vital Multidimensional de los Estudiantes (MSSLS) y determinando 10 variables. Se encuestó a 404 estudiantes de tercero a décimo semestre, de 18 a 28 años en octubre 2018. Mediante IBM-SPSS Statistics se determinaron desviaciones estándar y establecieron relaciones y asociaciones con respectivas pruebas de significancia. 

Resultados: La mayoría de la población está satisfecha (84,7%). La satisfacción es directamente proporcional al promedio ponderado (p= 0,00. 95% de IC: -0,282 a -0,086), inversamente proporcional al tiempo de movilización de la casa a el sitio de rotación (p= 0,00. 95% de IC: 29,48 a 57,01) y del sitio de rotación a la casa (p= 0,00, 95% de IC: 14,99 a 50,95). Tercer semestre es donde hay más estudiantes satisfechos (p=0,036), mientras que sexto semestre es donde hay más insatisfechos (p=0,000), y aquellos rotando en Chía (p= 0,009) y Soacha (p= 0,000) son más insatisfechos.

Conclusiones: El grado de satisfacción global se ve afectado por el promedio ponderado, los tiempos de movilización, el semestre y el sitio de rotación, por lo cual sugiere investigar e intervenir en estos factores determinantes.
Complicaciones derivadas del uso de fijadores externos. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Arias Ortiz Wanderley Augusto
Published: November 2020

Introducción. La fijación externa es un método para tratar diferentes tipos de fracturas mediante el posicionamiento de agujas o clavos en sitios periféricos a los segmentos de la ruptura

Objetivo. Identificar las complicaciones más frecuentes derivadas de la implantación de fijadores externos.

Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Proquest, PubMed, SciELO, ClinicalKey, Elsevier y Redalyc. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2014 y 2018, y en idioma inglés y español.

Resultados. Se encontraron 1.104 artículos y se excluyeron 1.058 por no cumplir los criterios de inclusión o por no contar con información de interés para el estudio, por lo que finalmente se incluyeron 46 publicaciones.

Conclusiones. Las infecciones fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes asociadas al uso de la fijación externa y por tanto son un importante reto para los profesionales de la salud.
Lecciones de la pandemia: fortalecer la atención primaria y el enfoque poblacional
Authors: Aristizabal Chantal
Published: November 2020

No tiene
A Study of Language Learning Strategy Use among Indonesian EFL University Students
Authors: Rianto Agus
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the use of language learning strategies among 329 Indonesian undergraduate students in their English as foreign language learning. The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) Version 7.0 for ESL/EFL learners developed by Oxford was employed to measure the students’ EFL learning strategies based on gender, study program, and English proficiency differences. A descriptive analysis and an independent t-test were used to analyze the collected data. The findings showed that the female, the social science, and the higher English proficiency students used overall language learning strategies more frequently in their EFL learning. Metacognitive was the strategy category most used by the students and compensation was the least used one. The memory, cognitive, metacognitive, affective, and social strategy categories were used at a high level and the compensation strategy category, at a moderate level. Although there were significant differences in the use of overall strategy and strategy categories between males and females and between social science and science students, no significant differences were found in use between students with lower and higher English proficiency. The findings had several practical implications in the process of EFL learning, especially in the higher education context. Keywords: Language Learning Strategy, English Proficiency, Gender, SILL, Study Programs
Promoting Personal Learning Environment for Emerging Academic Writing for Publication for Higher Education Students
Authors: Drajati Nur Arifah , Wisudawati A'thi Fauzani , Handayani Anis
Published: November 2020

Academic writing for publication in higher education is cognitively and linguistically complex. University students grapple with academic writing for publication because of academic genre/convention, linguistic competence, and academic literacy among others. For this reason, a learning environment does matter. The Personal Learning Environment (PLE) is a learner-controlled environment for language learning. To examine this issue, a qualitative study with an action research design conducted with 28 graduate students as participants. The three main findings: (1) ways of encouraging students to write academic writing for publication through the personal learning environment as a learning platform; (2) implementing PLE's in the academic writing for publication course: content knowledge consideration; and (3) implementing PLE's in the academic writing for publication course: pedagogical consideration. In general, the findings indicate that PLE gives positive impacts on emerging students' academic writing for publication in the context of higher education. The educational organization needs to consider this issue. Keywords: Action research, academic writing for publication, learning autonomy, personal learning environment
Reflective Feedbacks and Project-Based Activities to Improve the Students’ Writing Skill: An Exploratory Action Research
Authors: Sukmawati Nur Najibah
Published: November 2020

Teaching writing to Informatics Engineering students has its uniqueness when it comes to what specific issue(s) the students are facing and how to cope with them. This study aims at finding out some feedback for the author’s previous teaching practices in writing a descriptive text which becomes the basis to give an exact intervention as well as to find out whether the intervention is able to improve the students’ skills in writing a descriptive text. This is exploratory action research to the 30 students of the third semester in the Informatics Engineering study program of a private university in Indonesia. To gain feedback on the previous instructional practices, a senior colleague is invited as a consultant and an open-ended questionnaire was distributed to the students. Some issues were found. After a deep discussion with the senior colleague, it is concluded that project-based activities could cope with the issues. To prove it, a writing test and open-ended interview were conducted. During the instructional practices, a collaborator was invited to observe using an observation sheet. The result revealed that project-based activities engaged the students and directed them in accomplishing the task. The test also showed improvement in students’ average scores. These findings proved that implementing project-based activities can improve the students’ skills in writing a descriptive text.  Keywords: Exploratory Action Research, Reflective Feedbacks, Project-Based Activities
miR-484: A Possible Indicator of Drug-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Konaka Takashi , Kawami Masashi , Yamamoto Ayano , Yumoto Ryoko , Takano Mikihisa
Published: November 2020

Background: Drug-induced lung injury leads to serious lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis. We demonstrated in an alveolar epithelial cell line A549/ABCA3 that certain microRNAs were associated with bleomycin induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which is closely related to pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we focused on the role of miR-484 in drug-induced EMT using A549/ABCA3 cells and a mouse lung injury model. Methods: The expression of EMT-related genes and miR-484 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. miR-484-targeted proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Pulmonary fibrosis mouse model was prepared by the intratracheal administration of BLM. As miR-484 is known to target SMAD2 and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), which are the well-known EMT-related transcription factors, we assessed the effects of a miR-484 inhibitor or mimic on the mRNA/protein expression of both the factors. Results: We found that bleomycin significantly suppressed the intracellular expression and extracellular release of miR-484 in A549/ABCA3 cells. Moreover, the miR-484 mimic and inhibitor showed no drastic effects on the expression of the EMT-related transcription factors. In addition, the miR-484 mimic had no effect on the bleomycin-induced altered mRNA expression of the α-smooth muscle actin, a representative EMT marker. This suggested that miR-484 did not directly contribute to bleomycin-induced EMT in A549/ABCA3 cells. In contrast, the significant decrease in miR-484 expression in the lung tissue or plasma of bleomycin-administered mice suggested that miR-484 expression was closely correlated with bleomycin-induced lung injury. Conclusions: These findings indicate that miR-484 could be a novel diagnostic indicator for drug-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Evaluation of Salivary Interferon-Gamma Level in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: Honarmand Marieh , Saravani Ramin , Ansari Hossein , Teimoori Iman
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is defined by recurring ulcers restricted to oral mucosa in the patients with no other signs of systemic disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the salivary level of interferon gamma in patients with RAS.
Methods: In this case-control study, 30 patients with RAS (in Recurrence and recovery period) in the experimental and 25 healthy people as the control group were compared. Salivary interferon gamma level was evaluated by the use of ELISA method. Data were analyzed via SPSS version 16 software with Mann-U-Whitney test and Wilcoxon. P <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean salivary interferon gamma levels were 45.01±31.02 pg/ml and 32.04±19.02 pg/ml in the patients with RAS and healthy individuals, respectively. (P>0.001). In addition, interferon gamma level was 45.01± 31.02 pg/ml and 58.03± 52.04 pg/ml in the recurrence and recovery periods, respectively. (P=0.67).
Conclusion: Salivary interferon gamma levels were higher in the patients with RAS than healthy individuals.
Design and Construction of Ph-Sensitive Drug Delivery System Based on Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment by Drug Delivery System Containing Curcumin
Authors: Darvishi Elahe , Minadi Mahsa , Mirsadeghi Somayeh , Shiri Behrang
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Much research has been carried out to improve drug delivery and targeted drug delivery to the body in order to minimize side effects, provide controlled delivery of the drug to the desired location and to achieve optimal therapeutic effects. Zeolitic imidazolate-8 (ZIF-8) is a subset of MOFs that are biocompatible, stable in the aquatic environment and have adjustable porosity. In addition, at pHs 5 or 6, the bond between imidazolate-zinc ions disappears and releases the drug. In this project, ZIF-8 was used as a curcumin carrier to improve the physicochemical properties and enhance the efficacy of lipophilic drugs in the treatment of cancer.
Methods: This research was a basic experimental study. ZIF-8 nanoparticles were fabricated by co-precipitation method. In addition, to prove their pH sensitivity, curcumin was first encapsulated in situ in ZIF-8 and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, DLS methods. Then its release was investigated at two pH of five and 7.4 saline phosphate buffer. Finally, In vitro study by MTT assay was performed on prostate cancer cell line (PC3). Data were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 16 software.
Results: After characterization of the nanoparticles by the mentioned methods, it was found that the nanoparticle dimensions were between 80-60 nm and the nanoparticle dimensions with curcumin were between 120-110 nm. In addition, in the synthesis of ZIF-8 nanoparticles, %72 of the drug was loaded, which is an acceptable amount.
Conclusion: These nanoparticles showed high capacity in the treatment of prostate cancer and minimal damage to healthy cells. It can be said that using this formulation for targeted drug delivery of cancer not only reduces the side effects of anti-cancer drugs but also increases their effectiveness and can also be used to deliver low-soluble or insoluble drugs in biological environments.
The Relationship between Psychological Distress and Self-Esteem with Anthropometric Characteristics in Obese Children
Authors: Narimani Mohammad , Nemati Seyed Mohsen
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Obesity is emerging as a worldwide problem. Among the factors contributing to obesity, psychological distress and self-esteem seem to be of particular importance because stressful situations lead to eating disorders, lack of exercise and difficulty in regulating emotion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and self-esteem with anthropometric characteristics in obese children.
Methods: The research method was correlational and the research sample included 150 students in the age range of 10 to 14 years in the academic year of 2017-18 in Ardabil City. They were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using DASS42 questionnaire, Eysenck self-esteem questionnaires and anthropometric survey questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions. The data collected were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions.
Results: The results showed that the relationship between anxiety and depression with body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and abdominal volume index (AVI) was significant and the relationship between stress and body mass index (BMI) and abdominal volume index (AVI) was significant (p <0.05). Moreover, the relationship between self-esteem and BMI, WHR and AVI anthropometric characteristics was significant and this relationship was negative and significant (p <0.05). The regression results also showed that BMI was a stress reliever (p <0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that anthropometric characteristics have a positive relationship with anxiety and depression and a negative relationship with self-esteem.
Assessment the Effect of Exposure Conditions and Geometry Parameters on Calculated Fractal Dimension of Mandibular Bone
Authors: Parsaeian Mohammadjavad , Ezoddini Ardakani Fatemeh , Shafiei Rad Elahe , Rahimi Mitra , Daneshvar Mahboube , Mirbeigi Sanam
Published: November 2020

Introduction: One of the fractal analysis methods to examine the structure of a texture is fractal dimension (F.D.) measurement. F.D is a quantitative method to show the complexity of a structure using a number. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different exposure conditions, voltages and angle of x-ray tube on F.D. values of mandibular bone.
Methods: This lab-trial analytical research was conducted on ten healthy, non-fracturing human mandibles. Periapical digital images were obtained by the Peri-Apical Focus (Planmeca, Finland) with a constant time of 0.2 seconds and changes in exposure conditions and angle of the tube. Periapical radiographs were obtained with 2 kV voltages of 60, 70, with2 mA of 400, 500, and 3 tube angles of -5, 0, +5 degrees. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16 software  and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, mann whitney test‌and ANOVA test.
Results: No significant difference was observed in fractal mean values between 60 and 70 kVp and among 5-, 0, 5+ degrees in all 10 mandibles.There was a significant difference between the 400 and 500 mA just in one case (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the incompatibility of the amount of calculated fractal dimension from kVp, mA and tube angle, this method can be used as a useful tool in dentistry to examine the structure of spongy bone and its changes in various pathological conditions. Then, standardize the periapical imaging technique to compare it is not necessary.
Effect of Mother's Group Discussion on Puberty Health Education on Knowledge and Practice of Adolescent Girls about Puberty Health
Authors: khosravi Sahar , Sadeghi Narges , Mousavi Mahsa Sadat
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The effect of mothers' group discussion on the level of knowledge and practice of adolescent girls about puberty health in public high schools in Ghaemieh in 2019.
Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental interventional study with a pre-test-post-test design with the control group. In this study, two schools were randomly selected and 40 students from each school were selected as a sample. Group discussion sessions with the mothers participated in a circular manner were held during 4 sessions for each intervention group once a week for 40 minutes for a month. In this study, the standard questionnaire of Alizadeh Cherandabi et al (2014) was used to measure the knowledge and performance of the students. T-test was used to compare the mean scores of variables before and after the intervention. All statistical operations were performed by SPSS Version 16 software and the significance level was considered P <0.05.
Results: The results of independent t-test showed that before the intervention, the mean scores of knowledge and practice about puberty health were not significantly different between the two groups (P> 0.05). The intervention was significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05).
 Conclusion: The analysis of the findings of this study confirmed the effectiveness of education through group discussion in promoting the knowledge and practice of adolescent girls about physical puberty health.  Therefore, officials, health educators and school counselors are advised to hold regular training sessions as a group discussion for mothers of teenage girls