bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ergonomic hazard identification of workers engaged in brick making factories
Authors: Pandey Kumkum , Vats Aditi
Published: April 2018

This study was done with the aim to identify the specific ergonomic risk factors in the workplace affecting the both male and female workers while doing raw brick making activities and to analyze the pain/discomfort related to it. Twenty male and twenty female workers from the raw brick making unit were randomly selected and a detailed ergonomic risk factors were analyzed with the help of NIOSH Ergonomic Hazard Identification checklist. The questions were based on the primary job responsibility of the workers. Data revealed that nearly 8 percent males and 10 percent females were in ‘usually’ category, 25 percent males and 28 percent females in ‘sometimes’ and approximately 18 percent male and 13 percent females who never performed the task were kept in the category ‘never’. It was found that all the male and female workers usually require exerting force with their hands and used the hand tools to do the task. About 8 percent males and 5 percent females were usually, 15 percent male and only 10 percent female were sometimes and 28 percent males and 35 percent female were never stood continuously for a period of more than 30 minutes. On the whole all the male and female respondents were lifting or lowering the objects between floor and waist height or shoulder height and most of the workers were becoming exposed to the vibration while performing the task and they were carrying the weight more than 50 lb. The study indicates that the majority of the activities are in the high risk category and demands immediate ergonomic intervention in the form of tool, workstation and process design.
Impact of tannery effluent on germination of various varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kohli Richa , Malaviya Piyush
Published: April 2018

The present study has been focused on the impact of tannery effluent on germination pattern of ten varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum).The physico-chemical analysis of the tannery effluents showed that it had high salinity (45.97 ppt) and an acidic pH (3.61). For screening test, a setup with various concentrations of tannery effluent (4.5%, 9%, 13.5%and 18%) was prepared in petri plates to check the impact of tannery effluent on various varieties of wheat. Among ten varieties, PBW-343 and HS-365 showed better performance at 4.5% tannery effluentand considered to be more tolerant, whereas HS -295 was the most sensitive to tannery effluent treatment.
Effect of bioagent formulations on progress of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice under field conditions
Authors: Gangwar Gokil Prasad
Published: April 2018

In the present study, effectiveness of different fungal (Trichoderma harzianum) and bacterial (Pseudomonas fluorescens) bioagent formulations in reducing progress of the bacterial leaf blight disease of rice under field conditions was studied and compared with chemical treatment and untreated check. The results exhibited that after 23 to 30 days after first application, bioagent formulations were more effective then chemical treatment in reducing progress of disease. Bioagent formulations exhibited long lasting effect in reducing progress of disease during Kharif, 2006 and 2007. Application of bioagent formulations resulted in significant reduction (60.5 – 142.8%) in area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) as compared to check during Kharif, 2006 and 2007. Significant increase in grain yield (14.3 - 21.5 %) was observed with the application of bioagent formulations as compared to check during Kharif, 2006 and 2007.
Yield of aerobic rice affected by high temperature stress during summer season -A study from red and laterite zone of West Bengal, India
Authors: Jana K. , Mallick G. K. , Ghosh S.
Published: April 2018

Field experiment on the performance of aerobic direct seeded rice (ADSR) under red and laterite zone of West Bengal was conducted at Rice Research Station, Bankura, West Bengal, India during summer season, 2012. The experimental soil was sandy loam with acidic in nature (pH: 5.2). The results exhibited that the grain yield (1 t ha-1) of rice in aerobic situation was low. This might be due to high atmospheric temperature during flowering period, which results in poor grain setting in panicle and most of them became chaffy due to spikelet sterility. Ultimately, it produced low grain yield of rice in aerobic situation during summer season due to high temperature at flowering period, grain formation and grain ripening stages. Thus, aerobic rice system of cultivation needed good management practices.
Response of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf aqueous extracts, on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in agri-silvi system of Uttarakhand
Authors: Bahuguna Abhishek , Bahuguna Sandhya , Prasad Birendra
Published: April 2018

Effect of different doses of aqueous extracts of walnut leaf was studied on germinating seeds and early seedling growth of wheat variety (cv. VL-616) recommended for hills under West Himalayan agri-silvi system. Seven treatments comprised of distilled water control (0%), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% concentration of leaf extracts were treated. The effect of aqueous extracts was found inhibitive; indicate a direct proportional relationship with concentration dependent manner on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of wheat. The wheat variety exhibited extent of phytotoxicity at 60% extracts application in comparison to untreated control. Invariably there was a decrease in first count, germination, seedling root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weight and vigour index with increasing aqueous extracts concentration on germinating wheat, however the shoot length was observed maximum at 60% concentration.
Efficacy of fungicide ‘Kavach’ against Beauveria bassiana L. in silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Authors: Rajagopal V. , Ramesh H.L. , Murthy V.N. Yogananda , Gowda K.N. Ninge
Published: April 2018

Silkworm Bombyx mori L. is prone to be attacked by pathogen and more notably Beauveria bassiana L. Bed disinfectant Kavach was inoculated in different dosages (0.2%-1.6%) to IV and V instar silkworms of both bivoltine and cross breeds. Potency of disinfectant was assessed for the parameters such as survivability, larval duration, physiological, chemo and bio-assay tests. It was revealed that, bivoltine (NB4D2) silkworms were highly susceptible to diseases compared to cross breeds (PMxNB4D2). In bivoltine silkworms, survivability was found to be 61.15% at 1.6% of Kavach, when dusted twice during IV and V instar and crossbreed silkworms exhibited better resistance of 63.10% with the same treatments. Kavach treated silkworms showed decreased larval duration compared to control worms. Crossbreed silkworms were capable of maintaining high level of soluble proteins in spite of infection on 3rd day (17.40%), 4th day (20.50%) and 5th day (21.55%) whereas in bivoltine silkworms soluble protein level was brought down on 3rd day (19.30%), 4th day (22.40%) and 5th day (23.40%). Total soluble sugarsvaried from third day till fifth day in both the races. Kavach dusted twice at 1% proved to be very useful in the improvement of various commercial cocoons characters.
Efficacy of animal origin products and ajwain powder against honey bee diseases in Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) colonies in Uttarakhand-A novel eco-friendly approach
Authors: Tiwari Ruchira , Dhami Meena , Mathur Vaibhav , Bisht Brijesh
Published: April 2018

The studies to manage the honey bee bacterial European foul brood ( EFB) disease caused by Melisococcus plutonius and ectoparasitic brood mite disease caused by Varroa destructor in the colonies of Apis mellifera (L.) at different locations of Uttarakhand were conducted during 2012- 2013 by applying eco-friendly formulations i.e. spraying of cow urine (desi cow breed), plant decoctions prepared in cow urine, cow dung cake and cow dung ash powders , ajwain seed powder and compared to an antibiotic, terramycin sugar syrup and synthetic chemicals, sulphur and thymol powder with two applications in a month. The data revealed that the cow urine sprays @ 50, 75 and 100% reduced the disease infection to below detectable limit in 10 to 14 days, respectively, as terramycin treated infected colonies where only 50-55% recovery was seen in EFB infection with highest sealed worker brood areas ( SWBA) in cow urine treated honeybee colonies in comparison to terramycin and untreated colonies. Similarly, on the other hand, cow urine (100%) significantly reduced brood mite infestation (72.10%) with highest mean mite fall (48.73) and highest (SWBA) (854.00 cm2) followed by ajwain powder with reduction in brood mi te infestation(65.84%) with mite fall (46.39) and SWBA (749.00 cm2), cow dung powder with reduction in brood mite infestation (71.35%) ,mite fall ( 42.87), SWBA (682.33 cm2), , followed by cow dung ash powder, cow urine @ 25%, in comparison to plant decoctions prepared in cow urine, synthetic chemicals i.e. thymol and sulphur powder after 4 weeks of treatments. Thus, the animal origin products and ajwain powder can serve as apotential eco- friendly measure for management of honeybee diseases in A. mellifera colonies at different locations of Uttarakhand as they significantly increased sealed worker brood area without affecting the activities of workers, queen bee and bee brood in comparison to chemicals and plant decoctions.
Mass exchange evaluation during optimization of osmotic dehydration for Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju) in salt-sugar solution
Authors: Ramya H. G. , Kumar Satish , Kumar Mahesh
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the osmotic dehydration of Oyster mushrooms in salt-sugar solution at different solution concentrations, immersion times, temperatures and solution to fruit ratio to analyze the water loss, solute gain and weight reduction. Salt-sugar uptake and water transfer were quantitatively investigated during osmotic dehydration of Oyster mushrooms using response surface methodology. Experiments were conducted in a thermostatically controlled agitating incubator. With respect to water loss, solute gain and weight reduction both linear and quadratic effects of four process variables were found to be significant. For each response, second order polynomial models were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. ANOVA was performed to check the adequacy and accuracy of the fitted models. The response surfaces and contour maps showing the interaction of process variables were constructed. Applying desirability function method, the optimum operating conditions were found to be: solution temperature – 42.3° C, immersion time – 44.21 min, salt-sugar concentration – 15 %: 52.57° B and solution to fruit ratio 4.99:1. At these optimum values, water loss, solute gain and weight reduction was 41, 2.15 and 38.6 (g/100 g initial mass) respectively.
Assessment of toxic potential of three different heavy metals to Clarias batrachus (Linn.) utilizing static acute bioassay
Authors: Gandhewar S.S. , Zade S.B. , Sitre S.R.
Published: April 2018

Acute toxicity bioassay of three different heavy metals copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) for the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus were conducted for evaluation of the toxicity. The 96h LC50 values recorded for Cu, Pb and Cd were 15 ppm, 29 ppm and 35 ppm respectively. The results of this study indicate that the order of toxicity of these heavy metals is Cu>Pb>Cd in short duration acute toxicity experiments. The toxicity was found to be dependent on dose and duration of experiment for all these heavy metals. Cu was found to be much more toxic than Pb and Cd to C. batrachus.
Kinetics of zinc transformation in calciorthids soils of western Rajasthan, India
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar , Singh Bhim , Arya C.K.
Published: April 2018

The present study was undertaken to investigate the kinetics of transformation process of applied and native Zn as influenced by soil moisture regime, available moisture and organic matter additions in Aridisols of western Rajasthan. The incubation experiment was conducted with exact amount of the soil samples (250 g), put in a number of small containers, made of corning glass. Three levels of moisture regimes i.e. field capacity (W0), continuous submergence (W1), alternate submergence and saturation (W2) and two levels of organic matter as starch at 0 per cent (M1) and 0.5 per cent (M2) of the soil weight; and two levels of zinc i.e. native (N) and applied (A) (Zn @ 5 mg kg-1 soil as ZnSO4.7 H2O). The soils then incubated for 30, 60 and 90 days. Destructive sampling was done after each incubation period, and then different fractions of Zn were sequentially extracted by different extracting solutions and determined with the help of atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the transformation of Zn is largely controlled by organic matter, moisture regimes and Zn application due to considerable changes in the chemical and electrochemical properties of soil and thereby influence the transformation of zinc. Organic matter application significantly increased Zn fractions due to the retention of Zn on exchange complex owing to producing organic acid by decomposition of organic matter in soil. Further, the results showed that if such condition was maintained in the field, and it increased the availability of Zn for different crops in Aridisols.
Toxicity of some bioactive medicinal plant extracts to Asian army worm, Spodoptera litura
Authors: Bhatt Priyanka , Thodsare Nitin , Srivastava R. P.
Published: April 2018

Comparative toxicity of Andrographis paniculata (leaves), Anethum graveolens (leaves), Azadirachta indica (fruits), Cassia fistula (seeds), Cuscuta reflexa (stem), Dendropthoe falcata (leaves), Lantana camara (leaves and fruits), Melia azedarach (leaves) and Vitex negundo ( stem) plant extracts against 2nd days (first instar) and 6th days(third instar) old larvae of Spodoptera litura was studied at 5 and 10mg/ml concentration. D. falcata leaves (98.58%) and A. indica fruits= C. reflexa (85.72%) were most effective in reducing weight gain in 2nd days old larvae at 5mg/ml and at 10mg/ml, C. reflexa (98.58) followed by C. fistula seeds and L.camara fruits(both 92.86%) were effective in retarding growth. L.camara fruit extract (99.43 and 99.93%) showed greater toxicity and reduced growth as compared to A. graveolens leaves (76.16% ) at 5mg/ml. At 10mg/ml L.camara (99.94%) and A. paniculata (89.54%) leaves exhibited reduction in weight gain over control against 6d old larvae. All the medicinal plants showed varying degree of toxicity. D.falcata, A.indica and L.camara exhibited high larval mortality as compared to the other plant extracts.
Exploration of wild edible plants used by Gujjar and Bakerwal tribes of District Rajouri (J&K), India
Authors: Dangwal L. R. , Singh Tajinder , Singh Amandeep
Published: April 2018

The analysis of wild plant exploration was carried out to document the wild edible plants of district Rajouri (J&K), India. The present investigation of wild edible plants were based on extensive and intensive field survey during 2009- 2011. A total of 58 wild edible plant species belonging to 50 genera and 39 families have been reported from the area. Rosaceae was the dominant family that represented 7 taxa, while Brassiceae, Fabaceae, Moraceae and Poaceae represented with 3 taxa each and other 33 families have less representation. Tree make up was the highest proportion of the edible species 28 (41%) followed by 26 were herbs (38%) and 14 were shrubs (21%). Based on the requirements/edibility, majority of the plant species (26 species) are commonly used as fruits, 14 serve as vegetables, 1 species as flavoring agents (spices), roots, tubers of 3 species are eaten as raw and seeds/grains from 8 species for various substitute of food, whereas 2 species are used in making special drinks.
A study on communication behaviour of agricultural input users of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttrakhand, India
Authors: Rastogi Sandeep , Hasan Shamsul
Published: April 2018

This research aims to study the communication behaviour of the agricultural input users or farmers in order to find the deficiencies in this field with expectation to highlight the sources of information preferred and extent of extension agency contacts in the areas. Based on this, a strategy can be worked out to disseminate effective agricultural information to the farmers. The communication behavior in this study includes four variables i.e. mass media exposure, extension contacts, source of information and information satisfaction, covering both overt and covert behavioural components. This study was conducted at Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttrakhand state, where two villages namely; Chhinki and Deoria were selected randomly and from these villages, the data were collected with the help of semi structured interview schedule from randomly selected 160 respondents. The findings revealed that the most preferred (61.25%) personal localite communication sources for seeking information regarding agricultural practices were their neighbours or family members followed by local agricultural inputs sellers (13.75%). From personal cosmopolite sources, 51.87 % respondents were preferred to the representatives of the private companies followed by the agricultural university staffs (40%). The majority of respondents (83.75 %) were not associated with any membership in their social system followed by membership (16.25%). It has been reported that even after the sixty six years of independence farmers are still traditionalists, hardliners, shy and ignorant about the agricultural and overall development of the country.
Growth promotion of transplanted rice plant by bioagents effective against bacterial leaf blight disease of rice under glasshouse conditions
Authors: Gangwar Gokil Prasad , Sinha A. P.
Published: April 2018

The experiment was conducted to evaluate growth promotion of transplanted rice by fungal and bacterial bioagents effective against bacterial leaf blight of rice, under glasshouse conditions. Bioagent formulations (PBA -1, PBA -2, FLP 88, Pf 83, Isolate 40 and T. harzianum) were applied as seed treatment, seedling root dip and foliar spray and compared with chemical treatment and untreated check. All bioagent formulations were significantly effective in increasing number of tillers per hill, root length, total phenolic content in rice leaves, fresh and dry root weight, fresh and dry shoot weight, flag leaf area, grain yield and 1000 grain weight over check. Present study revealed that potential fungal and bacterial bioagents effective against bacterial leaf blight disease of rice, exhibited plant growth promoting activities and resulted 22.38 to 32.08 % increase in grain yield over untreated check, even if there is no disease.
Seasonal activity pattern of Swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii) in Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Ahmed Kaleem , Khan Jamal A.
Published: April 2018

The data on activity pattern and time budget of Swamp deer (Rucervus duvauceli duvauceli) were collected through instantaneous scan sampling from Dudhwa National Park, Uttar Pradesh, India Diurnal activity pattern of Swamp deer showed marked reduction in resting in winter as compared to summer. In winter resting in adult males showed polymodal pattern with peaks occurring at different hours of the day and continued throughout the day without any break. Feeding of adult females in winter and summer seasons showed a polymodal pattern with peaks occurring at different hours of the day without break. In yearling males feeding and resting was observed to occur throughout the day during winter season with peaks occurring between 11:00 to 12:00 hours. Yearling females showed continuous feeding throughout the day with peaks in different times in both the seasons. The seasonal distribution of activity patterns of the fawns showed that feeding was slightly more in summer as compared to winter. In time budget, of the expenditure on different activities, resting accounted for 63.77% and feeding 24.70%. In both the seasons resting was the major portion of their activity. Analysis showed that in all age and sex categories of Swamp deer in the Dudhwa NP, resting dominated on all other activities. The observation on endangered Swamp deer indicates synchronization in activity only in the feeding in the morning and evening hours and resting throughout the day.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on soil fertility and yield of maize crop (Zea mays) in Entic Haplustart in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sanjivkumar V.
Published: April 2018

A field experiment was conducted to study the integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the soil fertility status of Entic Haplustart in maize at Malayalathanpatti village, situated at Madurai district during Kharif season of 2008-2009. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications in Annaiyur soil series (Entic Haplustert). The results revealed that highest grain yield of 4402 kg ha-1 was recorded in treatment that received vermicompost @ 5t ha-1 with 75 percent Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and it was found to be superior to over treatments. Application of vermicompost @ 5t ha-1+75 percent RDF recorded the highest calcium and magnesium content in pot harvest soil sample (0.139 and 0.281%). And also increased the crude protein (16.67 %) and starch (81.34 %) content in maize crop and it was followed by the treatment which received sewage sludge 2t ha-1 with 75 percent RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizers) and green leaf manure @12.5t ha-1whereas the lowest value was recorded in control plot respectively. The vermicompost along with inorganic fertilizers were efficiently used by maize crop for their growth and development and also maintainined soil fertility and increased yield of the crop.
Ultramorphology of antennal sensilla of open-nesting honey bees Apis florea F. and Apis dorsata F. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Kumar Neelima R. , Nayyar Kalpna , Sharma Ruchi , Anudeep Anudeep
Published: April 2018

Antenna of honey bees is geniculate and has been known to possess a wide variety of sensilla. The sensilla are sensitive to odor, temperature, humidity, air pressure and gustatory stimuli. In the present investigation, ultrastructural study on the antenna of the two open-nesting worker honey bees- Apis florea F. - the dwarf honey bee and A. dorsata F. - the giant honey showed considerable amount of variation in the types and distribution pattern of sensilla in the two species. The antennal form as well as the sensilla arrangement has been suggested to be adapted to the pheromone perception need of regarding a particular species.
Phenological performance of groundnut varieties under sowing environments in hyper arid zone of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Meena R. S. , Yadav R. S.
Published: April 2018

An experimental trial was conducted on groundnut during kharif seasons of 2009 and 2010. The experimental soil was loamy sand in texture. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications, assigning 32 treatments consisting of four date of sowing (20th April, 15th May, 9th June and 4th July) and two varieties (HNG-10 and TG-37A) as main-plot treatments and four fertility levels of nitrogen and phosphorus application (0, 20 N-40 P2O5, 30-60 P2O5 and 40 N-80 P2O5 kg/ha) as sub-plot treatments. The results showed that significantly higher plant stand was observed in 9th June and 4th July sowing date of the groundnut at harvest. 20th April sowing had significantly higher dry matter accumulation, CGR of 30-60 and 60-90 DAS of HNG-10 variety. Further delays in sowing significantly reduce growth parameters. However, growth parameters viz. dry matter accumulation, CGR, RGR etc. in all the sowing dates in TG-37A was statistically at par with each other. All the fertility treatments produced significantly higher dry matter, CGR, RGR etc. Application of 30 kg N-60 kg P2O5 / ha significantly enhanced the dry matter accumulation over 20 kgN-40kg P2O5/ha but statistically at par with 40 kg N- 80 kg P2O5/ ha.
Impact of abiotic factors on build-up of citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama population in Punjab, India
Authors: Devi Hijam S. , Sharma D. R.
Published: April 2018

Seasonal abundance of citrus psylla (Diaphorina citri) Kuwayama was studied on Kinnow mandarin under Punjab conditions during 2012 and 2013. Population of D. citri was present throughout the year but only adults found surviving during December and February. There was no nymphal population when maximum temperature was > 39°C or < 7°C. Two population peaks of nymphs wer e observed, first in April-May and second in August- September. Thereafter, there was abrupt decline in nymphal population during June and July during both the years when the weather conditions i.e. maximum, minimum temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), rainfall (m m) and sunshine (hrs) ranged from 24.4-44, 22.4-31.8, 25.5-100, 0-108.0 and 0-13.5, respectively. Highest peaks of adult were found during May followed by June. With the decrease in temperature from the end of September, the population of D. citri started to decrease and reached its lowest during winter season. Correlation analysis for both the years indicated that maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine and rainfall were positively correlated with nymphal, adult and mixed population but the effect of rainfall on adult population was non-significant, while relative humidity was negatively correlated. The study is useful to find out the weak links of psyllid populations in relation to abiotic factors and that could be exploited to curb its infestation and disease transmission.
Effect of dietary supplementation of marigold oleoresin on growth, survival and total muscle carotenoid of Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Swian Himanshu S. , Senapati S. Ratnamanjari , Meshram S. J. , Mishra R. , Murthy H. Shivananda
Published: April 2018

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of carotenoid (marigold oleoresin) on growth, survival and total body carotenoid of Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). The experiment was carried out in 12 fiber aquarium tanks of size 12"×6"×6"(20l capacity). Each tank was stocked with15 fishes of uniform size. The marigold oleoresin were as dietary supplement at levels 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 ppm/kg of the feed and designated as treatment T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively and diet without marigold oleoresin supplementationserved as a control (T0). The result of the experiment showed that there was significant difference found in absolute growth rate and specific growth rate of the fish (P >0.05). However, 180ppm marigold oleoresin fed fishes showed higher mean weight gain of 3.98±0.22g and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 2.81±0.04 than the other treatment groups. The body coloration and total carotenoid concentration of muscle tissue (30.16±0.60?g/g) was significantly higher in fish fed with 180 ppm marigold oleoresin diet. The study showed that incorporation of 180ppm of marigold oleoresin in diet was found better to enhance the growth and coloration in C. carpio.
Yield, water use and water use efficiency of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] under drip fertigation system
Authors: Vimalendran L. , Latha K. R.
Published: April 2018

Field experiments were carried out during two seasons (August-February) of 2011-12 and 2012-13 at Millet Breeding Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to study the effect of drip fertigation on productivity, water use and water use efficiency of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) cv. LRG 41. The treatments included three irrigation regimes (50 %, 75 %, 100 % computed water requirement of crop) and surface irrigation along with three fertilizer levels with water soluble fertilizer (WSF) and conventional fertilizers (CF). The treatments were laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that drip irrigation at 100 % WRc with fertigation at 125 % RDF through WSF registered significantly highest grain yield of 2812 and 2586 kg ha-1 during 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. Surface irrigation with conventional method of fertilizer application recorded lower water use efficiency of 3.70 and 3.38 kg ha-1 mm-1 whereas it was reverse with drip irrigation of 100 % WRc + 125 % RDF through WSF with a WUE of 6.97 kg ha-1 mm-1 during 2011-12 and during second season (2012-13), the highest WUE of 6.72 kg ha-1 mm-1 was recorded in drip irrigation at 50 % WRc along with fertigation at 125 % RDF through WSF. The increase in grain yield with drip irrigation at 100 % WRc + fertigation with 125 % RDF through WSF was mainly attributed by greater and consistent availability of soil moisture and nutrients which resulted in better crop growth, yield components and ultimately reflected on water use efficiency and yield of pigeonpea Cajanus cajan.
Vegetative propagation of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) through stem cuttings
Authors: Sahoo P. K. , Behera L. K. , Nayak S. K.
Published: April 2018

The selected healthy branches of Jatropha curcas were cut into 15 cm and 25 cm length having 4 to 5 nodes in each category of apical portion (thickness < 1cm), middle portion (1.0 to 1.5 cm) and basal portion (1.5 to 2 cm). The base positions of apical, middle, basal portions of cuttings were dipped in the 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 ppm of IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) and IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) respectively for four hours. After which the cuttings were planted in the polypots filled with rooting media consists of sand, soil and farm yard manure (FYM) in the ratio of 1:2:1. Maximum sprouting (100%) was observed in 25 cm as well as 15 cm length cuttings of different portions. In case of 25 cm length different sections like apical cuttings when treated with 200 ppm, 800 ppm IAA and 400 ppm IBA, basal cutting with 800 ppm IAA and 200, 400 ppm IBA and middle cuttings with 200 ppm IAA, similarly 15cm length basal portion cutting treated with 400 ppm IAA produce 100 per cent sprouting. Other characters like rooting percentage (93.33%), root length (37.66cm), fresh biomass (73.21g) and dry biomass (34.06g) were observed maximum in apical portion cutting of 25 cm length treated with 100 ppm IBA, 800 ppm IBA, 100 ppm IAA and 100 ppm IAA respectively where as root number (17.0) found maximum in middle portion cutting of 15cm length treated with 1000 ppm IAA. It showed that the apical portion of 25 cm length cuttings treated with IAA and IBA resulted in maximum sprouting, rooting percentage, root length, fresh biomass and dry biomass production.
Impact of different cropping systems on properties of soil and water in different micro watersheds
Authors: Nilam Surve , Patel D. P. , Shrivastava P. K. , Satasiya K. F.
Published: April 2018

Studies on soils of Navsari Agricultural University (NAU) having different cropping system were carried out in the four micro watersheds that exist in the 400 ha University campus. Soil samples from 0-15 cm depth and water samples from adjacent bore wells were collected and analyzed from different locations of micro watersheds. Soils of watersheds showed that soils texture was clay in nature, having more than 65 % clay, whereas silt was more in watershed ‘A’. Soil organic carbon content (SOC) was 0.32 %, found in the field near University play ground and the highest 0.88 %, in Forestry farm, thus underlining the need of forest species in agricultural farms. SOC levels have reduced significantly due to intensive cultivation in all the watersheds. The result of exchangeable sodium percent (ESP) is supported by the topographic features, as, ESP was more in watershed ‘B’ (5.15) than C (2.95), this showed that infiltration rate was lesser in ‘B’ as compared to ‘C’ due to availability of more sodium (Na). Available N was highest in watershed ‘A’ (246 kg/ha) followed by ‘C’ (225 kg/ha) than ‘B’ (203 kg/ha), the reason was watershed ‘A’ had only horticulture crops whereas B and C had different crops of the region. Electrical conductivity (EC) of ground water collected from wells in watershed ‘C’ was found to be very high both before (3.44 dS/m) and after monsoon (2.95 dS/m), showing that water is highly saline and not fit for surface irrigation and there is need of ground water recharging.
Screening of mango genetic resource for tolerance against its malformation incidence in Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Ashish
Published: April 2018

The age old enigma of mango malformation control is still unresolved and eluding the scientists to develop a proper control for the malady. Strengthening of the mango genetic resource base for tolerance traits may seem to be viable criteria of research. Though, prior studies have been undertaken in mango malformation incidence, but screening of large set of germ plasm for tolerance traits in multiple years has so far been a lacuna. The current study evaluated the genetic resource comprising of 65 mango varieties for three consecutive years under natural conditions for incidence of floral malformation. The mean malformation incidence varied from 0.47 % to 60.24%. This study revealed that a group of seven varieties namely Bangalora, Baneshan, Dahiyar, Rammanna, Shakul and Safeda showed resistant type of reaction during both the years of evaluation. However, Moovandan showed highly susceptible type of reaction during both the years. Similarly, germplasm were categorized under moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible category on the basis of their reaction to malformation incidence.
Multiple regression analysis for adoption studies of potato growers in Jammu division
Authors: Peer Quadri Javeed Ahmad , Dar M. A. , Malik H. A. , Kaur Jasvinder
Published: April 2018

The research identified the significant and negative relationship between socio-economic parameters with the level of adoption of recommended crop production technologies reveals that such information could be useful to Department of agriculture, and concerned SAU who strive to maximize production and productivity levels of potato crop. They have to gear-up there extension wings for imparting correct and scientific knowledge of crop production. It also suggested to State Govt. officials to ensure adequate facilities for fertilizers to reap full benefits of this cash crop. The study on determining the correlation between socio-economic standards of potato growers with the level of adoption of the recommended crop production technologies was conducted in sub-tropical zone of Jammu division. Three districts namely Jammu, Kathua and Samba were selected purposively on the basis of maximum area under potato crop. Sample size of 225 potato growers was selected randomly from 15 villages from selected districts and their socio-economic standards were correlated with the level of adoption of crop production technologies as recommended by SKUAST-JAMMU, the concerned SAU. The study revealed that age, education, operational land holding, net income, mass media exposure and extension contact had significant correlation at p? 0.05 level of probability with the level of adoption. Studies revealed that 45.78% of respondents adopted recommended seed rate per hectare, whereas 57.33%, 40.89% and 8.89% respondents adopted recommended application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the crop. The study further highlighted highest adoption level for insecticide like dimethoate 30 EC (52.05%) and fungicide like metalxyl +mancozeb (57.38%) respectively.
A study on constraints in adoption of scientific aquaculture practices
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Ojha S. N. , Sharma Arpita , Kumar Raushan
Published: April 2018

A study was undertaken to ascertain constraints faced by fish farmers in adoption of scientific aquaculture practices in East Champaran and West Champaran districts of Bihar. Information from 144 respondents was collected and analysed by calculating the Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) values. RBQ value for constraint faced by farmers were extreme climatic conditions (84.03), less extension programs and technical support (78.47), lack of contact with extension personnel’s (71.33), lack of awareness about scientific culture practices (65.28), inadequate credit facility (60.42), labour scarcity (57.64) and higher cost of material input (52.08).These constraints could be categorised under five heads namely extension constraints, financial constraints, production constraints, marketing constraints and social constraints. Average RBQ value for constraints related to extension was found to be 71.76 and ranked first. This was followed by financial constraint with RBQ value of 52.78. Production related constraint ranked third with an average RBQ value of 49.3 followed by marketing (32.87) and social constraints(27.08). Hypothesis that there is no significant difference with reference to rankings of constraints was tested by single factor ANOVA. Null hypothesis was rejected as Ftab=3.48>FNcal=2.61 with df=4 at 5% level of significance. There was a significant difference with reference to rankings of constraints. As the extension related constraints had the highest average RBQ value, it is clear that there is an urgent need of making effective strategy, engaging more fisheries extension professionals in this field along with capacity development of the existing extension professionals.
Popularization of improved maize (Zea mays L.) production technology through frontline demonstrations in semi arid zone IVA of Rajasthan
Authors: Meena B. L. , Meena R. P. , Meena R. R. , Singh Bhim
Published: April 2018

Front line demonstrations (FLD,s) on maize (Zea mays L.) were laid down at 661 farmers’ fields to demonstrate production potential and economic benefits of improved production technologies comprising high yielding varieties namely PM-3, PM-5, PEHM-2, Bio- 9681 and Mahyco 3765 in Rajsamand district of Semi Arid Zone IVa of Rajasthan state during kharif seasons from 2006 to 2012 in rainfed farming situation. The improved production technologies recorded an additional yield ranging from 2.50 to 15.78 qha-1 with a mean of 7.94 qha-1. The per cent increase yield under improved production technologies ranged from 33.17 to 68.16 (PM-3), 14.09 to 59.82 (PM-5), 46.61 to 66.97 (PEHM-2), 55.83 to 92.82 (Bio 9681) and 80.12 (Mahyco 3765) in respective years. The average extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 9.10 qha-1, 5.94 qha-1 and 20.08 per cent, respectively in different varieties of maize. The improved production technologies gave higher benefit cost ratio ranging from 1.28 to 3.00 with a mean of 2.45 compared to local checks (1.10) being grown by farmers under locality. The productivity of maize per unit area could be increased by adopting feasible scientific and sustainable management practices with a suitable variety. Considering the above facts, frontline demonstrations were carried out in a systematic and scientific manner on farmer’s field to show the worth of a new variety and convincing farming community about potentialities of improved production management technologies of maize for further adoption by the farming community.
Biology and management of mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink on Jatropha curcas L.
Authors: Kumar Veeresh , Topagi S. C. , Prasad B. S. Rajendra , Revanasidda Revanasidda , Tharini K. B. , Kumar C. T. Ashok
Published: April 2018

Jatropha cultivation is gaining importance as potential source of biofuel. Recently Paracoccus marginatus has been found to cause serious damage on Jatropha. Studies on the biology and management of P. marginatus at GKVK, Bangalore revealed that the females had three nymphal instars without any pupal stage, while the male had three nymphal instars besides, pre-pupal and pupal stages. The total nymphal period for female ranged from 14 to 21 days, (mean- 17.32±1.6 days) while for male the range was 16 to 23 days, (mean- 18.9±1.3 days). Bisexual and parthenogenetic modes of reproduction were observed. The fecundity of the female mealybug ranged from 248 to 967, with an average of 618.9±19 eggs. Evaluation of insecticides revealed that during first spray and second spray, mean per cent reduction of mealy bug population was highest in profenophos 0.05% (68.05 and 79.35) followed by buprofezin 0.025% (63.61 and 72.69). Least per cent reduction of mealy bug was observed in the NSKE 5% (17.94 and 25.77) treatment.
Fungicidal effect of some non-conventional chemicals for management of alternaria blight disease of mustard
Authors: Kumar Amarendra , Kumar Santosh , Kumar Rakesh , Chand Gireesh , Kolte S. J.
Published: April 2018

Alternaria blight disease of mustard caused by a necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. Is one of the most important limiting factors, causing yield losses of up to 47% in mustard (Brassica juncea). The aim of this present investigation was to evaluate the fungicidal effect of non-conventional chemicals viz. calcium sulphate (CaSO4), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulphate (K2SO4), zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O) against alternaria blight disease of mustard. The significantly minimum size of spot was recorded in T1 CaS at 0.5% (1.73) followed by T3 CaS at 1.5% (1.75) and T2 CaS at 1.0% (1.78) respectively in comparison to check. The minimum number of average leaf spots/25 mm2 leaf area was observed in T3 CaS at 1.5% (1.78) followed by T1 CaS at 0.5% (2.26). T1 CaS @ at 0.5% showed significantly lowest disease index (13.00%) followed by T15 NaB at 0.75% (17.77%) and T8 KS at 1.0% (18.00%) respectively over check. The average minimum apparent infection rate was recorded in T1 CaS at 0.5% ( 0.504) followed by T9 KS at 1.5% (0.553) and T3 CaS at 1.5% (0.573) respectively. The AUDPC was significantly minimum in all the treatments of CaSO4 i.e. in T1 CaS at 0.5% (32.25), T2 CaS at 1.0% (33.8) and T3 CaS at 1.5% (35.55) in comparison to check (77.95). The foliar spray of CaSO4 at 0.5% concentration induced resistance significantly against alternaria blight and reduce pesticide residue in food and environment.
Inequity and Excellence in Academic Performance: Evidence From 27 Countries
Authors: Parker Philip D. , Marsh Herbert W. , Jerrim John P. , Guo Jiesi , Dicke Theresa
Published: April 2018

Research suggests that a country does not need inequity to have high performance. However, such research has potentially suffered from confounders present in between-country comparative research (e.g., latent cultural differences). Likewise, relatively little consideration has been given to whether the situation may be different for high- or low-performing students. Using five cycles of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) database, the current research explores within-country trajectories in achievement and inequality measures to test the hypothesis of an excellence/equity tradeoff in academic performance. We found negative relations between performance and inequality that are robust and of statistical and practical significance. Follow-up analysis suggests a focus on low and average performers may be critical to successful policy interventions.
Intoxicação medicamentosa
Authors: Gonçalves Claudiana Aguilar , Gonçalves Cleide Avilar , Dos Santos Valdeir Areia dos Santos Areia , Sarturi Leandro , Terra Júnior André Tomaz
Published: April 2018

As intoxicações medicamentosas esta se tornando um problema alarmante de saúde publica segundo publicado pelo Sistema Nacional de Informações Tóxico-Farmacológicas (SINITOX) Os medicamentos ocupam o primeiro lugar nas intoxicações no Brasil. O propósito do presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica dos casos de intoxicações medicamentosas envolvendo todas faixas etárias e as causas determinantes. Fazendo necessária destacar o papel do Profissional farmacêutico, para dispensarão orientação alem de prestar Assistência farmacêutica quanto ao uso racional de medicamentos em todos os aspectos da farmacoterapia.

ABSTRACT: Drug intoxications are becoming an alarming public health problem as published by the National Toxic-Pharmacological Information System (SINITOX). Medicines are the number one poisoning in Brazil. The purpose of this article is to carry out a bibliographical review of the cases of drug intoxications involving all age groups and the determining causes. Making it necessary to highlight the role of the pharmaceutical professional, for dispensing guidance as well as providing pharmaceutical assistance regarding the rational use of drugs in all aspects of pharmacotherapy. This study is a review of the literature covering drug intoxications, indiscriminate drug use and self-medication. The main causes of this problem are the abusive use of the drug due to lack of knowledge about its dosage and administration, prescription errors and self-medication.
An Analysis of Hydraulic Properties of Soil Based on Soil Texture in Chiti Areas of Lamjung District In Nepal
Authors: Karki Jyoti , Mandal Umesh Kumar , Chidi Chabi Lal , Dahal Jitan , Khanal Narendra Raj , Pantha Ram Hari
Published: April 2018

Soil hydraulic properties play crucial role for having sustainable growth of vegetation and also required for carrying out environmental studies especially subsurface ground water. Since, its direct measurement is time consuming and therefore costly, indirect methods such as pedotransfer functions have been used to estimate hydraulic properties. Soil hydraulic properties: bulk density, available water, permanent wilting point, field capacity and water retention capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity are essential to be studied. These factors affect soil productivity and the environment. The knowledge of soil water properties for different land-use and land cover types based on soil textural classes are important for re-growth of plants and agriculture crops and ultimately efficient soil and water management. The aim of this paper is to measure soil hydraulic properties based on soil textural classes for different land use types. Furthermore, the use of the soil texture triangle: hydraulic properties calculator has been assessed. The comparison of the soil hydraulic properties obtained from textural triangle for different land use land and cover types has also been analyzed. Moreover, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) of soil hydraulic properties among different land use types has been performed. The soil reaction (pH) value ranges from 4.69 to 6.69 and as a mean of 5.51 indicating slight acidic. The analysis showed barren land occupying 14.3 percent of total land use/land cover is found to be suitable for plant growth since it has loam texture having bulk density less than 1.6 g/cm3.The analysis of bulk density showed that barren land is significantly different at the 0.05 level from both agriculture and forest, whereas agriculture and forests  are not different even at 0.05 significant levels. It verifies the fact that mean bulk density at the depth of 0.15 cm is affected by land use land cover types.The Geographical Journal of NepalVol. 11: 63-76, 2018
Diversification of Livelihood Strategies in Melamchi Valley, Sindhupalchok District, Nepal
Authors: Neupane Madhu Krishna , Rai Dhyanendra Bahadur
Published: April 2018

Livelihood strategy varies from place to place. People living in certain place have a diverse strategy over time. This study attempts to analyze the sources of livelihood, livelihood strategies of different communities and their adaptive strategies in Melamchi Valley. The livelihood patterns and the strategies have been dealt on the basis of community. This study is based on primary data that are collected using household questionnaire, focus group discussion and key informant interview. A set of standardized questionnaire, observation sheet, and checklist were used for information collection. The finding of the study portrays that paddy is the major crop cultivated by Brahmin/Kshetri communities whereas millet and maize are the principal crops cultivated by Tamang community. People of this area are attracted towards cash generating activities than the subsistence agriculture farming in the present days. The people of market center are motivated towards trade and business whereas the people of remote area have dependence on remittance. The trend of foreign migration for earning livelihood is high among the rural settlements. Similarly, earning from wage labor in the informal sectors has become important source of livelihood in Melamchi Valley.The Geographical Journal of NepalVol. 11: 113-126, 2018