bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle and health of students
Authors: Ermakova Nina A. , Melnichenko P. I. , Prokhorov N. I. , Timoshenko K. T. , Matveev A. A. , Kostina E. V. , Minnibaev T. Sh.
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of the evaluation of the most significant risk factors related to lifestyle and health of medical students of different courses andfaculties. The obtained data testify that out of the total number of factors that have a significant influence on the formation of bases of student's healthy lifestyle and health, the most typical are the mode of employment, the total workload, material well-being, living conditions of the majority of today's students, as well as the conditions of nutrition, physical activity, the presence or absence of such factors as smoking, frequency of consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Corrective effect of aromatherapy on indices of heart rate variability in students under exam stress conditions
Authors: Abrahamyan Hermine T. , Minasyan S. M.
Published: November 2019

There were investigated changes in indices of the activity of regulatory mechanisms of heart rhythm in student under exam stress conditions and the possibility of their correction with aid of aromatherapy. The examination stress was established to be accompanied by pronounced shifts of integral and spectral indices of heart rhythm in students, indicating to the activation of the sympathetic circuit of Autonomic Nervous System in conditions of examination stress. A positive, relaxation impact of the essential oil of orange on the investigated indices was also recorded. The latter is expressed by weakly pronounced changes or lack of them in data of integral and spectral heart rate indices in students from the experimental group, that indicates to the stabilizing effect of used ethereal oil on the psycho-physiological state of students in conditions of exam stress
Features of White LED Daylight and human health
Authors: Kaptsov Valery A. , Deynego V. N. , Ulasyuk V. N.
Published: November 2019

Today it is not enough to focus only on energy-saving concept, but it should be taken into account the complex changes in the human body when exposed to not only visual and psychological, but also biological components and led lighting. Such approach to the hygienic assessment of led lighting will help to reveal both how the risks of exposure are dangerous and to identify hygienic and constructional solutions in the development of LED lamps. Led lighting as a factor of stimulation of the human hormonal system can, along with metabolic syndrome, increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Chrono Physiological characteristics of children of primary school age - the natives of the Middle Ob
Authors: Litovchenko O. G. , Ishbulatova Marianna S.
Published: November 2019

Chronoreflexometric characteristics of the mental performance of children of primary school age - the natives of the Middle Ob were based on the statistical analysis of the latent period of time of a simple visual - motor responses. The results of a survey showed that the functional state of the nervous system of surveyed children ofprimary school age was at “reduced” and “greatly reduced” level of mental performance. This state is characterized by a weakening of attention, a sharp deterioration in time and accuracy parameters of activity and a significant decrease of efficiency on the whole.
Estimation of the influence of the design of school backpacks to posture regulation in children with different posture conditions
Authors: Khramtsov Petr I. , Kurgansky A. M. , Barsukova N. K. , Sedova A. C. , Sotnikova E. N.
Published: November 2019

There was performed the study of the characteristics of the regulation of vertical posture in 42 children of 8-10 years old using school bags of different designs. According to medical examination 25 children have normal posture and 17 children had kyphotic one. The stability of the posture was estimated according to the average variance and the average velocity of the total center of gravity of the body, the area of the ellipse, and the quality of the equilibrium function with computer stabilography. Three models of school bags were used - with traditional, ergonomic and orthopedic back support. Vertical posture stability for children with impaired posture without school bag and when used with traditional and ergonomic back were significantly lower in comparison with children with normal posture. When the orthopedic back was used the stability impairment of the vertical posture in children with kyphotic posture was not observed. It is concluded that for the prevention of spinal deformity for students with kyphotic posture orthopedic school bags should be used.
Ecological-hygienic aspects of the prevalence of respiratory diseases in adolescents and children of the Primorsky Krai
Authors: Kiku Pavel F. , Geltser B. I. , Yarygina M. V. , Beniowa S. N. , Gorborukova T. V. , Moreva V. G. , Shiter N. S. , Sabirova K. M. , Mezentseva M. A.
Published: November 2019

There was executed the ecologic-hygienic assessment of the distribution of respiratory diseases prevalence in bioclimatic zones of the Primorsky Krai. The aim of the study was a systematic assessment of the impact of ecological-hygienic factors of environment on the distribution of respiratory diseases in adolescents and children of the Primorsky region. As an information database there were used indices of the prevalence of diseases of the respiratory system of the ICD-10 class of the official statistical report forms for the period of2000-2013 and the parameters of the environment offactor modules (6 - socio-sanitary, 5 - environmental). The numerical values of modules offactors were determined according to a specially developed scoring scale. The study of the prevalence was carried out with the use of a classical method of data analysis - descriptive statistics, Chi-square criteria. By means of the method of regression analysis from the SPSS package software there was established the relationship of environmental factors and the level of the prevalence of diseases, and were calculated values of the factor loadings influencing on the morbidity rate of children and adolescents. The study revealed that in the structure of morbidity diseases of the respiratory system account of 39% in adolescents, 61% - in children. Constructed predictive models describe the trend of the increasing in the prevalence in adolescents and children. Over the past 15 years, the level of respiratory diseases morbidity rate increased by 46.1%. It is established that the prevalence of respiratory diseases in children and adolescents from various districts of the Primorsky territory depends on the features of the bioclimatic zones and the degree of sanitary-hygienic situation, as well as combinations of parameters that form these zones; the highest cumulative level of the prevalence is observed in the bioclimatic zone of the coast, that is caused by the various degree of the impact of biotropic factors of environment; The prevalence of diseases of respiratory system is mainly affected by bioclimatic factors: residence in an area of high humidity, temperature swings, movements of air masses in combination with air pollution
Hygienic assessment of the overwroughtness of educational activity in schoolchildren of 5-10 classes of secondary schools
Authors: Kuchma Vladislav R. , Efimova N. V. , Tkachuk E. A. , Mylnikova I. V.
Published: November 2019

The state of health in children and adolescents during the time of education in secondary schools is getting worse: the prevalence rate of functional disorders and chronic diseases is increasing. There was executed the assessment of the overwroughtness of the training-education process in secondary school institutions. The prior characteristics of the educational activity are: intellectual, sensory, emotional loads; their monotony and mode of educational activity, school work intensity. The system of indices of the overwroughtness of the education labour was formed with account ofpsycho-physiological characteristics of children's organism. There was performed the research of the overwroughtness of educational activity in 820 schoolchildren. The overwroughtness of the educational process was evaluated on the basis of chronometry research, questionnaire survey of teachers and parents, and with taking into account the organization of educational process. In questionnaire survey there were involved 52 teachers and 389 parents. The assessment of overwroughtness factors of the educational activity was carried out in 5-10th classes for academic disciplines: Russian Language, Literature, Mathematics, History, Geography, Foreign Languages. It was found that the characteristics of "mental load" in schoolchildren are established to be the one of the main limiting factors that allow to refer training activities to "overwroughted of first degree" (3.1 class). Sensory loads on the studied academic subjects are rated as the second class of overwroughtness and are "permissible." The monotony of loads was revealed to correspond to 1st and 2nd class of overwroughtness and is therefore an optimal or acceptable. Training activities in the traditional educational institution corresponds to the 2nd class of overwroughtness - "permissible." The arduousness of the educational process in an innovative school is rated as the third class of the first degree ofthe overwroughtness (3.1). According to results of the study of the arduousness of the educational labor the study of mathematics in grades 5-9 on indices of the mental load was noted to correspond to the 1st degree of arduous activity (3.1 class). The acceptable level of the arduousness of the training and educational labour in nearly all classes was established in the Russian language, Literature, History and Geography, Foreign language. High school students are established to be exposed to effects of emotional load more than mid-level students. There are developed proposals on the optimization of the learning process, allowing to reduce the level of intellectual, sensory, emotional load.
Morbidity and content of microelements in the blood of school children residing near chromium enterprises
Authors: Tusupkaliev B. T. , Bermagambetova Saule K. , Tusupkaliev A. B.
Published: November 2019

For the first time there was investigated the content of certain microelements in the blood of children of school age residing in the city of Aktobe (Kazakhstan), where the global giants, mining andprocessing chrome ore productions are located. There were determined blood levels of chromium, nickel, lead in children. There was shown the difference in the blood content of microelements in children, depending on region of residence and their correlation with the core indices of health and disease.
Methodical assurance of the assessment of toxic and essential elements in human biological matrices
Authors: Gileva Olga V. , Ulanova T. S. , Viekhman G. A. , Nedoshitova A. V. , Stenno E. V.
Published: November 2019

There is considered the complex of methodical modalities for the determination of elements (vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, selenium, strontium, thallium, lead, cadmium, arsenic) in the biological matrices of population for the practical use in the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring and biomonitoring in areas with the high anthropogenic load. Guidelines developed on the basis of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) confirmed as Methodological Instructions on Control (In Russian:MUK 4.1.3230-14) allowed to implement a hygienic estimation of the pollution of biological matrices of the adult population residing in the territory exposed to the impact of emission from ferrovanadium enterprises (city of Chusovoy, the Perm region). According to results of the study in the monitoring group in the blood there was established a significant excess of the content vanadium, manganese, nickel, strontium, cadmium and reduced selenium content, in urine - an excess of vanadium and chromium, relatively to the control group.
Hygienic assessment of day mode and mental performance in children attending establishments of additional education
Authors: Gritsina Olga P. , Trankovskaya L. V. , Nagirnaya L. N.
Published: November 2019

There is given a hygienic assessment of a day regimen and mental capacity in children who are engaged in establishments of additional education. By the pair interfaced method there were created 4 groups of children: 3 main (the children visiting establishments of additional education) and group of comparison (trained only at school). There was performed questionnaire survey of parents of pupils according to the special questionnaire containing questions of the budget of time of activity of children. In compared groups of schoolmates the Burdona-Anfimov's proof test was executed. In children visiting the organizations of additional education, prevalence of violations of a day regimen (reduction of duration of a night dream, stay duration in the open air, activities for own choice) were established to be significantly higher, than in children engaged only in school. The level of mental capacity in pupils who do not have extracurricular load, is higher than that of children attending establishments of additional education. There were revealed significant inverse correlation between the duration of nocturnal sleep of children, the total weekly training time in extracurricular organizations and their level of mental capacity. The disturbances of the of the day regimen were prove to lead to a reduction of mental capacity in pupils.
Peran Mentor Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas [The Role of Mentors in the Entrepreneurship Learning Process for Persons with Disabilities]
Authors: Pranatasari Fransisca Desiana , Hartono Wendra , Kusuma Meidiahna
Published: November 2019

Entrepreneurship is a good instrument for economic improvement. All citizens can actively develop entrepreneurship in a country, whether they are educated or not, rich or poor, and even people with diabilities can seek their livelihood through a carrer choice as an entrepreneur. Most people with disabilities are reduced in their ability to compete, making it difficult to be accepted at bona fide companies. As a result, many of them do not have jobs thereby reducing their livelihood. The decision to become an entrepreneur is a good solution for people with disabilities. For this reason, there is a need for continuous and integrated learning entrepreneurship carried out by mentors. The formulation of this research problem is what is the role of mentors in the entrepreneurship learning process for people with disabilities. The aim is to realize the role of mentors in the entrepreneurship learning process for people with disabilities, the development of disabled entrepreneurs will also increase. The method used is qualitative descriptive with snowball sampling used for the termination of research resources. The result is the formulation of the role of mentors in the entrepreneurship learning process for people with disability especially to build the character they need to become entrepreneurs.

Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: Kewirausahaan adalah salah satu instrumen yang baik untuk perbaikan ekonomi. Semua warga negara dapat aktif mengembangkan wirausaha di suatu Negara, baik mereka yang berpendidikan atau tidak, kaya dan miskin, bahkan untuk orang-orang cacat yang layak mendapatkan mata pencaharian melalui pilihan karir mereka sebagai wirausaha. Sebagian besar penyandang cacat diturunkan kemampuannya untuk bersaing, sehingga sulit diterima di perusahaan bonafit. Akibatnya, banyak dari mereka tidak memiliki pekerjaan sehingga kehidupan mereka kurang layak. Keputusan untuk menjadi wirausaha adalah solusi yang tepat untuk para penyandang cacat. Untuk itu, perlunya kewirausahaan pembelajaran yang berkelanjutan dan terintegrasi dilakukan oleh mentor kepada mereka. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana peran mentor dalam proses pembelajaran kewirausahaan bagi penyandang disabilitas. Tujuannya adalah untuk mewujudkan peran mentor dalam proses pembelajaran kewirausahaan bagi para penyandang cacat, perkembangan wirausaha penyandang cacat juga akan meningkat. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan snowball sampling yang digunakan untuk penghentian sumber daya penelitian. Hasilnya adalah formulasi peran mentor dalam proses pembelajaran kewirausahaan bagi para penyandang cacat terutama untuk membangun karakter yang mereka butuhkan untuk menjadi wirausaha.
Teknologi Komunikasi Informasi dan Dekonstruksi Tren Pariwisata
Authors: Sukirno Zakaria Lantang , Irfan Edoardo
Published: November 2019

Abstract

ICT progress and dynamics has been changing human behavior and life. Thus, tourism industry has changed drastically because of the new media development. The changes in organizational order or structure, society, trend, and culture based on technology development become the signifier of postmodern era. ICT is responsible for the drastic change of tourist consumer behavior, tourist service companies, tourism marketing, and tourism business. That’s called as deconstruction. Tourism business must be sensitive to the consumer behavior and consumer culture deconstruction in this digital era that occurs in the tourism trend by following the ICT usage trend. Tourism entrepreneurs must deconstruct their mindset from competition to collaboration.Keywords : ICT, postmodern, deconstruction, tourism, apps, startup
Ensaio teórico sobre a noção de ethos discursivo em Maingueneau
Authors: Carreon Renata de Oliveira , Ruiz Marco Antonio Almeida , Araujo Lígia Mara Boin Menossi de
Published: November 2019

O conceito de ethos, atualizado e operacionalizado por Dominique Maingueneau, foi largamente trabalhado por disciplinas e teóricos, desde Aristóteles a Ducrot, Charaudeau, entre outros. No entanto, sua concepção pessoal de ethos inscreve-se nos domínios da Análise do discurso de linha francesa. Antes de conjurar as teorizações e releituras do autor em se tratando de ethos, faz-se necessário compreender o conjunto de sua obra, bem como seu lugar no canteiro da Análise do discurso. Portanto, objetivamos traçar um lacônico percurso, que se faz essencial para a compreensão de sua proposta: passaremos por suas contribuições para a AD francesa e brasileira; faremos uma sucinta explanação acerca de sua obra como um todo e, por fim, suas releituras de ethos em seus escritos nos últimos trinta anos.
Educação Patrimonial e Ensino de História nas áreas metropolitanas
Authors: Siqueira Lucília Santos
Published: November 2019

Este artigo reflete sobre como o Ensino de História pode qualificar as atividades educativas do campo do patrimônio cultural e como este, por sua vez, pode colaborar para aprimorar o entendimento de certos conteúdos de história. Parte-se da necessidade de promover educação patrimonial para os grupos que vivem em áreas metropolitanas, em contextos culturais que não são particulares e tampouco estáveis e, portanto, para os quais não se pode trabalhar na perspectiva de identificação das referências culturais, de reconhecimento de uma memória comum. Por meio de reflexões engendradas na formação de professores de História em Guarulhos (SP), discute como formar cidadãos e alunos para participar do debate público em torno da preservação do patrimônio.
Cultura de história, história pública e ensino de história: a investigação e formação de professores de história
Authors: Abreu Marcelo Santos de , Cunha Nara Rubia De Carvalho
Published: November 2019

O artigo avalia a maneira como estudantes de história se relacionam com a cultura de história. Primeiro, discutimos as relações entre cultura de história, história pública e ensino de história. Na segunda parte, avaliamos as políticas de formação e defendemos a investigação como princípio educativo para a formação. Na última, apresentamos a experiência de produção de narrativas curtas produzidas pelos estudantes sobre a cultura de história. Nas três partes, trazemos as vozes dos estudantes e sua reflexão sobre a cultura de história. Defendemos que esse método pode ser útil no questionamento das relações sensíveis e racionais que mantemos com a história.
Servir bem para servir sempre? Técnica, mercado e o ensino de história pública
Authors: Santhiago Ricardo
Published: November 2019

O artigo investiga um dos pilares da história pública nos Estados Unidos: os programas de pós-graduação especializados, surgidos em meados de 1970 como resposta à crise empregatícia que historiadores enfrentaram naquele período. Tendo em vista os recentes movimentos de internacionalização da história pública e a criação de novos programas que seguem os moldes americanos, bem como o aparecimento de textbooks deliberadamente orientados à instrução de novos praticantes, discutem-se, também, as particularidades de experiências brasileiras em história pública, pouco afeitas ao modelo estadunidense, baseado na ideia de que a história pública constitui um campo disciplinar separado e que demanda formação profissional específica.
Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif STAD untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Materi Dinamika Penduduk di SMP Pangudi Luhur Bintang Laut Surakarta
Authors: Darminto Stephanus
Published: November 2019

This type of research is classroom action research. The purpose of this study was to improve Social Studies learning outcomes in the material of Population Dynamics of Grade VIII D students. The research subject was 39 students Class VIII D of Pangudi Luhur Bintang Laut Surakarta Junior High School. Data collection techniques and tools from learning outcomes use pre-test and post-test learning outcomes. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative and reflective techniques. The conclusion of this study is the classical completeness of class VIII D students in semester 1 of social studies subjects is 50% can be overcome by applying the type of cooperative learning methods. This research was conducted in two cycles for students of class VIII D semester 1 of Pangudi Luhur Bintang Laut Surakarta Junior High School. Each cycle consists of four components of action research, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The results also showed an increase in learning outcomes, namely the first cycle with the acquisition of an average grade of 85.85 with 75% classical completeness and the second cycle with an average acquisition of 90.82 with 95% classical completeness. The results obtained indicate that the application of the STAD type cooperative learning model can improve the learning outcomes of students of class VIII D of Pangudi Luhur Bintang Laut Surakarta Junior High School
Visualization of Stress Distribution by Photoelastic Method Under Ultrasonic Grinding Condition
Authors: Isobe Hiromi , Sasada Natsuki , Hara Keisuke , Ishimatsu Jun ,   Nagaoka University of Technology 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan,   National Institute of Technology, Ichinoseki College, Ichinoseki, Japan,   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: November 2019

This study investigates phenomena in ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding. The appropriateness of a stress visualization method is proven through comparison of a Hertzian contact stress analysis using finite element methods. The stress distribution on soda-lime glass caused by a 3-mm-diameter diamond electro-deposited wheel is visualized using a photo-elasticity method. The study compares the local stress concentrations caused by grains with and without ultrasonic wheel vibration. The global reaction force is measured by a dynamometer. The ultrasonic vibration leads to a reduced fluctuation of force, as well as a reduced time-averaged force. It is thought that the ultrasonic vibration causes a smaller local stress beneath the grains, which generates chips. In contrast, typical photo-elasticity methods are applicable for plane stress conditions. However, the stress distribution in a workpiece under a face grinding condition is distributed three-dimensionally, and the stress distribution cannot be recognized directly from the phase difference. Assuming that the stress distribution is sufficiently stable in a wheel rotation, continuously-captured images can be reconstructed to produce a 3D stress distribution, using computed tomography. The experimental tomographic images show a spatially-dispersed phase difference image caused by the electro-deposited wheel, with several discontinuous diamond grains on the end face of the wheel.
Development of Interactive Physics Mobile Learning Media for Enhancing Students’ HOTS in Impulse and Momentum with Scaffolding Learning Approach
Authors: Erlin Eveline  , Suparno Suparno , Ardiyati Tiara Kusuma , Dasilva Beatrix Elvi
Published: November 2019

The study objectives are to (1) produce an android-based Interactive Physics Mobile Learning Media (IPMLM) product in impulse and momentum material that is feasible to improve higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of high school students; (2) know the effectiveness of android-based IPMLM in impulse and momentum material with a scaffolding approach toward HOTS of high school students. This research was Research and Development (R&D) with a 4D model. The development steps were: (1) Defining, including needs analysis activities; (2) Designing, the selection and design of research instruments and IPMLM activities; (4) Developing, an activity of developing research instruments and IPMLM, assessment of the feasibility of learning instruments, validation of research instruments, and assessment of the feasibility of IPMLM by experts, limited tests, and extensive tests; (4) Disseminating, an IPMLM dissemination activity. IPMLM feasibility assessment was carried out to determine the feasibility of IPMLM. Products that have been assessed by experts were further limited and extensively tested. The limited test subjects consisted of 13 students in the SMA Yayasan Pendidikan Kristen, Pontianak, while the extensive test subjects consisted of 48 students in SMA Koperasi Pontianak. The results show: (1) IPMLM is feasible to be used for enhancing students’ HOTS with “very feasible” criteria based on expert judgment; (2) IPMLM is effective for enhancing students' HOTS. The learning process assisted by IPMLM media with a scaffolding approach can help student complete tasks in the HOTS aspect and improve learning with 21st-century learning-based activities.
Imágenes y memoria: el pasado futuro, el futuro pasado y el presente futuro en La tumba del relámpago
Authors: Merchán Barros Myriam
Published: November 2019

En este artículo se propone analizar el motivo clásico de la memoria; desentrañaremos las ékfrasis de las imágenes contenidas en los tejidos más importantes que funcionan como testimonios de memoria; para conseguirlo, consideraremos la visión andina del tiempo y su concepción mítica: en el texto —así como en los ponchos— encontramos un fin que marca un comienzo, y un comienzo que a su vez marca un fin. Proponemos el análisis del proceso de construcción de ékfrasis por parte de la voz narrativa que utiliza algunos submotivos relacionados con el motivo central de la memoria: el conocimiento, el mundo al revés, el eterno retorno, el olvido y las dimensiones complejas del tiempo donde se conjugan el pasado, el presente y el futuro, consideraremos la propuesta del comparativismo, específicamente los elementos básicos de la imagología y la tematología. El papel que cumple la memoria como motivo fundamental en la conformación de nuestra humanidad se relaciona con la visión mítica andina que hace posible los saltos temporales y los resignifica en la trama de la novela que marca el fin de la lucha de los comuneros —la tumba del relámpago— para conseguir la recuperación de sus tierras y sus posibilidades de vida digna.
El mito, el héroes y la resistencia en La guerra silenciosa de Manuel Scorza
Authors: Salazar Mejía Nécker
Published: November 2019

En La guerra silenciosa, Manuel Scorza aborda la rebelión de los líderes campesinos de las comunidades del centro del Perú contra el capitalismo transnacional, el poder terrateniente y el sistema de justicia. En esa lucha, el mito actúa de manera decisiva, potencia el proyecto del héroe scorziano y guía la búsqueda de justicia en el mundo andino. En la configuración de los personajes, subyacen hondas resonancias míticas asociadas con el mesianismo y la redención de los indios que tienen como trasfondo la utopía andina. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el funcionamiento del mito en el ciclo scorziano y su articulación con la gesta protagonizada por los líderes de la masa campesina en su búsqueda de justicia. Desde nuestro punto de vista, en la narrativa scorziana, el mito se articula con la visión de los vencidos y busca revertir el injusto orden impuesto por el poder hegemónico en los Andes del Perú.
REDRESSING THE ONLINE TRANSACTION FRAUD VICTIM TREATMENT AND INTEREST FULFILLMENT IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Authors: Samudra Anton Hendrik
Published: November 2019

This article gives idea on how to redress online transaction fraud victim in criminal justice system. The method applied is by looking scholars’ studies, statutes, observation of victimization process and interviewing law enforcement and victim. In several occasions, investigators turned to blame the victim when they report the crime. For several unsolved cases, the victim asked to revoke their report. This caused by investigator’s view that victim recklessness and failure to think what is deservedly suppose is the main cause of the crime. Treatment and interest fulfillment of online transaction fraud victim in criminal justice system should be redressed, such as the accommodation of material loss recovery, and regarding the victim’s interest during criminal justice process.
Oxaliplatin resistance is enhanced by saracatinib via upregulation Wnt-ABCG1 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liao Xia , Song Ge , Xu Zihan , Bu Yang , Chang Fan , Jia Fengan , Xiao Xuelian , Ren Xuejiao , Zhang Mei , Jia Qingan
Published: November 2019

Background: Chemo-resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major problem, and acquired drug resistance prevents cancer therapies from achieving complete responses. Molecular targeting therapy presents an opportunity to impede tumor through combination or sequential therapy, while the accurate effect is vague. Methods: The efficacy of combinations between oxaliplatin and anti-cancer molecular targeting drugs was screened. Strangely, the combined chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and saracatinib induced significantly antagonistic effects. Then the antitumor effects of combined treatment with saracatinib and oxaliplatin were confirmed in wide type HCC as well as in saracatinib- and oxaliplatin-resistant HCC. RNA sequencing was used to explore the resistance mechanism, and the roles of ABCG1 and Wnt signaling in oxaliplatin resistance were confirmed. Results: Chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and saracatinib individually induced strong anti-HCC effects, while combined or sequential treatment of HCC cells with these two drugs exhibited reduced efficacy compared to treatment with the single drugs. And it was saracatinib treatment caused oxaliplatin resistance. RNA sequencing revealed 458 genes that were altered by treatment with saracatinib and oxaliplatin. Of these, the gene encoding the ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 ABCG1 and Wnt-associated genes were significantly upregulated. Upregulation of ABCG1 and oxaliplatin resistance were associated with activation of Wnt signaling. Interference with ABCG1 expression or inhibition of Wnt signaling resulted in reversal of the saracatinib-induced oxaliplatin resistance in HCC. Conclusions: These studies demonstrated that combined or sequential chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and saracatinib reduced antitumor efficacy, and this antagonism was attributed to the activation of Wnt signaling and upregulation of ABCG1 by saracatinib.
High prevalence of multidrug resistant ESBL- and plasmid mediated AmpC-producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli at Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique
Authors: Estaleva Calvina E. L. , Zimba Tomas F. , Sekyere John Osei , Govinden Usha , Chenia Hafizah Y. , Simonsen Gunnar S. , Haldorsen Bjørg , Essack Sabiha Y. , Sundsfjord Arnfinn
Published: November 2019

Background

Epidemiological data of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in Sub-Saharan Africa is still restricted, and in particular in Mozambique. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) - and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-producing clinical strains of Escherichia coli at Maputo Central Hospital (MCH), a 1,000-bed reference hospital in Maputo, Mozambique.

Methods

A total of 230 clinical isolates of E. coli (n=230) from urine (n=199) and blood cultures (n=31) were collected at MCH during August-November 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method and interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines. Isolates with reduced susceptibility to 3rd generation cephalosporins were examined further; phenotypically for an ESBL-/AmpC-phenotype by combined disc methods and genetically for ESBL- and pAmpC-encoding genes by PCR and partial amplicon sequencing as well as genetic relatedness by ERIC-PCR.

Results

A total of 75 isolates with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime (n=75) from urine (n=58/199; 29%) and blood (n=17/31; 55%) were detected. All 75 isolates were phenotypically ESBL-positive and 25/75 (33%) of those also expressed an AmpC-phenotype. ESBL-PCR and amplicon sequencing revealed a majority of blaCTX-M (n=58/75; 77%) dominated by blaCTX-M-15. All AmpC-phenotype positive isolates (n=25/75; 33%) scored positive for one or more pAmpC-genes dominated by blaMOX/FOX. Multidrug resistance (resistance ≥ three antibiotic classes) was observed in all the 75 ESBL-positive isolates dominated by resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. ERIC-PCR revealed genetic diversity among strains with minor clusters indicating intra-hospital spread.

Conclusion

We have observed a high prevalence of MDR pAmpC- and/or ESBL-producing clinical E. coli isolates with FOX/MOX and CTX-Ms as the major β-lactamase types, respectively. ERIC-PCR analyses revealed genetic diversity and some clusters indicating within-hospital spread. The overall findings strongly support the urgent need for accurate and rapid diagnostic services to guide antibiotic treatment and improved infection control measures.
Clinical and pathological features of idiopathic membranous nephropathy with focal segmental sclerosis
Authors: li jiatong , Chen Bing , Gao Caifeng , Huang Jing , Wang Yongmei , Zhang Shiyin , Xu Ying , Guo Wenkai , Wang Rong
Published: November 2019

Background The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical and pathological features and prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) with focal segmental lesions.
Methods In our hospital, 305 patients with nephrotic syndrome confirmed as IMN by renal biopsy were divided into a non-focal segmental lesion group (FSGS- group) and a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) group (FSGS+ group) and retrospectively analyzed. In all, 180 patients were followed for periods ranging from six months to two years. The general clinicopathological data of both groups were compared, and the effects of different treatment schemes on the prognosis of both groups were observed.
Results The FSGS+ group had a longer disease course, higher blood pressure levels, and higher serum creatinine and β2-microglobulin levels than did the FSGS- group (all P < 0.05). Pathologically, the FSGS+ group had increased glomerular sclerosis, glomerular mesangial hyperplasia, and acute and chronic tubular lesion rates (all P< 0.05). The remission rate was lower in the FSGS+ group than in the FSGS- group (64.7% vs 82.2%) and, among patients in the FSGS+ group, was lower in patients treated with calmodulin inhibitors than in those treated with cyclophosphamide (P < 0.01). Survival analysis showed that the FSGS+ group had a poor prognosis (χ2=4.377, P=0.036), and risk factor analysis suggested that age at renal biopsy (P=0.006), 24-hour urinary protein quantity (P=0.01), chronic tubulointerstitial lesions (P=0.055), and FSGS lesions (P= 0.062) were risk factors for worsening renal condition; furthermore, 24-hour urinary protein quantity was an independent risk factor for worsening renal condition.
Conclusions Membranous nephropathy with FSGS is a risk factor, but not an independent risk factor, for IMN. Patients with membranous nephropathy with FSGS often present hypertension and tubule injury. The nonselective drug cyclophosphamide is preferred, and calcineurin inhibitors should be used with caution.
Key words Idiopathic membranous nephropathy; focal segmental sclerosis; cyclophosphamide; calmodulin inhibitor; prognosis;
Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of porcine diarrhea associated viruses in southern China from 2012 to 2018
Authors: Zhang Fanfan , Luo Suxian , Gu Jun , Li Zhiquan , Li Kai , Yuan Weifeng , Ye Yu , Li Hao , Ding Zhen , Song Deping , Tang Yuxin
Published: November 2019

Background: In China, large-scale outbreaks of severe diarrhea caused by viruses have occurred in pigs since late 2010. To investigate the prevalence and genetic evolution of diarrhea-associated viruses responsible for the outbreaks, a total of 2,987 field diarrheal samples derived from 168 pig farms in five provinces in southern China were collected during 2012-2018 and tested.

Results: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was the mostly frequently detected virus with prevalence rates between 50.21% and 62.10% in samples, and 96.43% (162/168) in premises, respectively. In addition, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was the second prevalent virus with prevalence rates ranging from 19.62% to 29.19%, and 70.24% (118/168) in premises, respectively. Both transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine rotavirus (PRoV) were detected at low prevalence rates of < 3% in samples and 10.12% in premises. In the present study, we identified the newly emerged swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) in diarrheal samples of piglets from the Fujian province in southern China, and the prevalence rate of SADS-CoV was 10.29% (7/68). Co-infections of these diarrhea-associated viruses were common. The most frequent co-infection was PEDV with PDCoV, with an average rate of 12.72% (380/2987, ranging from 8.26%-17.33%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that of PEDV strains circulating in southern China during the last 7 years involved G IIa variant strains. The most frequent mutations were present in the collagenase equivalent (COE) and epitope regions of the spike protein of the PEDVs presently circulating in the field. Genetic characteristics of PDCoVs in this area were closely related with Chinese strains, other than the strains present in the USA, South Korea, Thailand and Lao's public.

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV were leading etiologic agents of porcine diarrhea, and severe mono-infections and co-infections of pathogenic enteric CoVs were present in pigs in Southern China during 2012 -2018. Thus, significant attention should be paid to prevent and control porcine viral diarrhea.
Continuing evolution of H6N2 influenza A virus in South African chickens and the implications for diagnosis and control
Authors: Abolnik Celia , Strydom Christine , Rauff Dionne Linda , Wandrag Daniel Barend Rudolph , Petty Deryn
Published: November 2019

Background: The threat of poultry-origin H6 avian influenza viruses to human health emphasizes the importance of monitoring their evolution. South Africa’s H6N2 epidemic in chickens began in 2001 and two co-circulating antigenic sub-lineages of H6N2 could be distinguished from the outset. The true incidence and prevalence of H6N2 in the country has been difficult to determine, partly due to the continued use of an inactivated whole virus H6N2 vaccine and the inability to distinguish vaccinated from non-vaccinated birds on serology tests. In the present study, the complete genomes of twelve H6N2 viruses isolated from various farming systems between September 2015 and February 2019 in three major chicken-producing regions were analysed and a serological experiment was used to demonstrate the effects of antigenic mismatch in diagnostic tests. Results: Genetic drift in H6N2 continued and antigenic diversity in sub-lineage I is increasing; no sub-lineage II viruses were detected. Reassortment patterns indicated epidemiological connections between provinces as well as different farming systems, but there was no reassortment with wild bird or ostrich influenza viruses. The sequence mismatch between the official antigens used for routine hemagglutination inhibition (HI) testing and circulating field strains has increased steadily, and we demonstrated that H6N2 field infections are likely to be missed. More concerning, sub-lineage I H6N2 viruses acquired three of the nine HA mutations associated with human receptor-binding preference (A13S, V187D and A193N) since 2002. Most sub-lineage I viruses isolated since 2015 acquired the K702R mutation in PB2 associated with the ability to infect humans, whereas prior to 2015 most viruses in sub-lineages I and II contained the avian lysine marker. All strains had an unusual HA 0 motif of PQVETRGIF or PQVGTRGIF. Conclusions: The H6N2 viruses in South African chickens are mutating and reassorting amongst themselves but have remained a genetically pure lineage since they emerged more than 18 years ago. Greater efforts must be made by government and industry in the continuous isolation and characterization of field strains for use as HI antigens, new vaccine seed strains and to monitor the zoonotic threat of H6N2 viruses.
The effect of an organic rumen-protected fat supplement on performance, metabolic status, and health of dairy cows
Authors: Manriquez Diego , Chen Liang , Melendez Pedro , Pinedo Pablo
Published: November 2019

Background Negative energy balance during the transition period is a concern for both conventional and certified organic dairy systems. During early lactation, supplemental strategies are used to cope with nutrient deficiencies that are associated with impaired health, production, and reproduction. As organic certified dairies in the United States face restricted access to dietary supplements, the evaluation of products especially formulated for organic production is needed. Our objective was to assess the effect of supplementing 0.45 kg/d of an organic rumen-protected fat (RPF) on health, metabolic status, and productive and reproductive performance of organic certified Holstein cows from 1 to 150 days in milk (DIM). Two-hundred and two cows were enrolled in a randomized blocked controlled trial conducted from January to July, 2017 in a certified organic dairy located in Northern Colorado (USA). Two groups were randomly assigned to be individually supplemented with organic RPF (ORG; n = 100) or control pellets (CON; n = 102) once per day, in addition to the total mixed ration (TMR). Outcomes of interest included disease occurrence, culling, mortality, serum concentration of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), milk yield (kg/d) and milk components, resumption of cyclicity, time-to-first artificial insemination (AI), conception at first AI, and conception within 150 DIM. Results A significant effect for the inclusion of RPF was found in daily milk yield; RPF supplemented cows had greater milk yield (1.6 kg/d) compared to CON cows up to 150 DIM (P = 0.03). During grazing, multiparous (MP) ORG cows had greater milk yield compared to MP CON cows, whereas no effect was found in primiparous (PP) cows. Health outcomes, serum metabolite concentrations, and reproductive performance were not affected by the inclusion of RPF. Body condition loss was smaller in the ORG group up to 80 DIM; however, there was no effect on body condition during the grazing season and in the overall study period. Conclusions These results indicate that supplementation of RPF increased daily milk yield and prevented body condition loss during transition. However, RPF supplementation did not affect health, serum metabolite concentration, milk components, and reproductive outcomes.
Investigating Associated Factors with Glomerular Filtration Rate : Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Jamshidi Parastoo , Najafi Farid , Mostafaee Shayan , Shakiba Ebrahem , pasdar yahya , Hamzeh Behrooz , Moradinazar Mahdi
Published: November 2019

Background: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a valid indicator for kidney function, both in healthy and diseased people. Different factors can affect GFR. The purpose of this study is to assess a causal model to show direct and indirect effects of GFR-related factors using structural equation modeling.
Patients and methods : We analyzed data from recruitment phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Data on socio-behavioral, nutritional, cardiovascular, and metabolic risk factors were entered in a conceptual model in order to test direct and indirect effects of the associated factors on GFR, separately in male and female, using the structural equation modeling.
Results : Of 8927 individuals participated in this study, 4212 subjects were male (47.2%) and 4715 subjects were female (52.8%). The obtained standard deviation of GFR was 76.05 (±14.3) per 1.73 . Filtration rate for 11.52%, 72.96% and 15.50% of people were <60, and , respectively. Hypertension in both gender and atherogenic factor in male directly, and in female directly and indirectly had a decreasing effect on GFR. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and smoking in male and female, directly or indirectly through other variables, was associated with a decrease in GFR. In female, diabetes had a decreasing direct and indirect effect on GFR. Obesity in female was directly associated with increasing and indirectly associated with decreasing filtration.
Conclusion : According to our results, increasing age, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and high blood lipids, and BUN had a decreasing direct and indirect effects on GFR. Although low GFR might have different reasons and it is not a consistent sign of CKD, our findings, in line with other reports, provide more detailed informations about important risk factors of low GFR. Public awareness about such factors can improve public practice of positive health behaviours.
Neuronal migration genes and a familial translocation t(3;17): Candidate genes implicated in the phenotype
Authors: AMOR Meriam HADJ , Dimassi Sarra , Hannachi Hanen , Taj Amel , Mlika Adnene , Helal Khaled Ben , Saad Ali , Mougou-Zerelli Soumaya
Published: November 2019

Background: While Miller-Dieker syndrome critical region deletions are well known delineated anomalies, submicroscopic duplications in this region have recently emerged as a new distinctive syndrome. So far, only few cases have been described overlapping 17p13.3 duplications.
Methods: In this study, we report on clinical and cytogenetic characterization of two new cases involving 17p13.3 and 3p26 chromosomal regions in two sisters with familial history of lissencephaly. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and array Comparative Genomic Hybridization were performed.
Results: A deletion including the critical region of the Miller-Dieker syndrome of at least 2,9 Mb and a duplication of at least 3,6 Mb on the short arm of chromosome 3 were highlighted in one case. The opposite rearrangements, 17p13.3 duplication and 3p deletion were observed in the second case. This double chromosomal aberration is the result of an adjacent 1:1 meiotic segregation of a maternal reciprocal translocation t(3;17)(p26.2;p13.3).
Conclusions: 17p13.3 and 3p26 deletions have a clear range of phenotypic features while duplications still have an uncertain clinical significance. However, we could suggest that regardless of the type of the rearrangement, the gene dosage and interactions of CNTN4, CNTN6 and CHL1 in the 3p26 and PAFAH1B1, YWHAE in 17p13.3 could result in different clinical spectrums.