bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception of elderly people who live alone about their conditions of life and health / Percepção de idosos que moram sozinhos acerca de suas condições de vida e saúde
Authors: Medeiros Ana Paula Morais de , Viana Lia Raquel de Carvalho , Silva Cleane Rosa Ribeiro , Salviano Ferreira Gerlania Rodrigues , Costa Tatiana Ferreira da , Costa Kátia Neyla de Freitas Macedo
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: compreender a percepção de idosos que moram sozinhos acerca de suas condições de vida e saúde. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado com 21 idosos que viviam sozinhos em João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, utilizando um instrumento semiestruturado contendo dados sociodemográficos e perguntas sobre condições de vida e de saúde, sendo processados no software Iramuteq, sendo utilizado o método da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: foram conformadas cinco classes ou categorias: O que leva o idoso morar sozinho; Riscos de queda para o idoso; Comorbidades dos idosos; Satisfação e insatisfação do idoso que mora só; e Atenção à saúde do idoso. Conclusão: conhecer as necessidades, os riscos e a vulnerabilidade dos idosos que moram sozinhos auxilia no planejamento de cuidado, com foco na prevenção de quedas e desgastes emocionais provenientes da solidão, no tratamento e reabilitação das doenças crônicas e suas consequências.
Preparation of discharge of families in the promotion of the home care of the newborn: integrative review / Preparo de alta de famílias na promoção dos cuidados domiciliares do recém-nascido: revisão integrativa
Authors: Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Santos Andressa Silva Torres dos , Ledo Beatriz Cabral , Silva Maria da Anunciação , Bastos Mayara Pacheco da Conceição , Pires Victórya da Costa Barreto Pinto
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: analisar evidências científicas da enfermagem acerca das melhores práticas relacionadas ao preparo de alta de famílias na promoção dos cuidados domiciliares do recém-nascido. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nos recursos informacionais LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, CINAHL e SCIELO, com utilização dos descritores controlados em português: “recém-nascido”, “cuidado do lactente”, “alta do paciente” e “enfermagem neonatal”, e suas versões em inglês e espanhol, no recorte temporal de 2008 a 2018. Resultados: foram selecionados 14 estudos completos para análise interpretativa que permitiu a identificação de duas categorias: melhores práticas relacionadas ao preparo de alta de famílias de recém-nascidos e limitações no preparo de alta de famílias de recém-nascidos. Conclusão: evidenciaram-se distintas estratégias pedagógicas que podem ser desenvolvidas pela enfermagem junto aos familiares no processo de alta hospitalar, bem como a necessidade de sua efetiva aplicabilidade para a promoção dos cuidados domiciliares do recém-nascido com segurança e qualidade.
Child with special health needs at one hospital of the brazilian unified health system Criança com necessidades de saúde especiais de um hospital do sistema único de saúde
Authors: Carvalho Catarina Cosmo de Oliveira , Pimentel Thais Guilherme Pereira , Cabral Ivone Evangelista
Published: September 2021

Objetivos: determinar e analisar necessidades de saúde especiais entre crianças hospitalizadas em hospital de alta complexidade, no Rio de Janeiro. Método: estudo transversal e descritivo desenvolvido com 21 familiares de crianças hospitalizadas em unidade intensiva e enfermarias de cuidados agudos, na rede de atenção de alta complexidade. Em 2019, aplicou-se o children with special healthcare needs Screener  (CS Screener®) -  versão brasileira na entrevista com 21 familiares. Resultados: as crianças hospitalizadas (21/36) apresentaram necessidades e demandas de serviços de saúde relacionadas à doenças e transtornos comportamentais correspondendo a 76,19%. O cuidado da criança dependia do Sistema Único de Saúde e de Assistência social. Quatro possuíam dispositivos tecnológicos implantados; oito eram acompanhadas por especialistas na atenção psicossocial e educação especial. Conclusão: essas crianças se reinternavam frequentemente, ocupando a maioria dos leitos hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde, principal referência para a continuidade dos cuidados de enfermagem e uso contínuo de medicamentos.
Nursing in front of the hospitalized smoking patient: diagnosis and interventions established in clinical practice / A enfermagem frente ao paciente tabagista hospitalizado: Diagnósticos e intervenções estabelecidos na prática clínica
Authors: Boni Fernanda Guarilha , Osmarin Viviane Maria , Juchem Beatriz Cavalcanti , Mantovani Vanessa Monteiro , Echer Isabel Cristina
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: identificar diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem estabelecidos para pacientes tabagistas hospitalizados. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em hospital universitário brasileiro entre agosto e setembro/2017 com entrevistas à beira do leito, consultas ao prontuário e query extraída do sistema informatizado da instituição. Resultados: participaram 69 pacientes tabagistas, para os quais identificaram-se 41 diagnósticos de enfermagem distintos, com mediana de quatro (intervalo interquartil: 3;6) por paciente. As intervenções prescritas totalizaram 237, com mediana de 18,5 (intervalo interquartil: 10,5;28,25) por prescrição. Quatro pacientes possuíam diagnóstico com etiologia relacionada ao abuso de substância e para esses foram prescritas 17 intervenções de enfermagem. Em 33(48%) anamneses constava que o paciente era tabagista e, destes, nove(27%) havia o tempo de fumo e número de cigarros consumidos diariamente. Conclusão: a prevalência de tabagistas hospitalizados é expressiva, entretanto, as anamneses, os diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem não retratam esta realidade, havendo necessidade de sensibilizar e capacitar a equipe.
Observation of Atomic‐Order Engineered Martensitic Transformation in Ni45Co5Mn37In13 Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Yang Huali , Xie Yali , Wu Haichen , Li Run-Wei
Published: September 2021

Engineering the martensite–austenite transformation interval (ΔT
i) is important for optimizing the functionalities of metamagnetic shape memory alloys. Although it has been revealed that both doping and thermal annealing can influence ΔT
i, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Herein, a direct observation of the martensitic transformation process in Ni45Co5Mn37In13 alloys with distinct ΔT
is is made. In contrast to the typical burst‐like martensitic transition, it is revealed that the alloy with a large ΔT
i exhibits discretely distributed martensitic and austenite phases that evolve slowly with varying temperature. The unusual properties are found to be mainly correlated with atomic disorder rather than lattice distortions. The results indicate the great potential of atomistic engineering in manipulating the martensitic transformation for applications.
Enhanced Thermal Transport across Self‐Interfacing van der Waals Contacts in Flexible Thermal Devices
Authors: Seong Minho , Hwang Insol , Park Seongjin , Jang Hyejin , Choi Geonjun , Kim Jaeil , Kim Shin‐Kwan , Kim Gun‐Ho , Yeo Junyeob , Jeong Hoon Eui
Published: September 2021

Minimizing the thermal contact resistance (TCR) at the boundary between two bodies in contact is critical in diverse thermal transport devices. Conventional thermal contact methods have several limitations, such as high TCR, low interfacial adhesion, a requirement for high external pressure, and low optical transparency. Here, a self‐interfacing flexible thermal device (STD) that can form robust van der Waals mechanical contact and low‐resistant thermal contact to planar and non‐planar substrates without the need for external pressure or surface modification is presented. The device is based on a distinctive integration of a bioinspired adhesive architecture and a thermal transport layer formed from percolating silver nanowire (AgNW) networks. The proposed device exhibits a strong attachment (maximum 538.9 kPa) to target substrates while facilitating thermal transport across the contact interface with low TCR (0.012 m2 K kW−1) without the use of external pressure, thermal interfacial materials, or surface chemistries.
HfO2‐Based Memristor as an Artificial Synapse for Neuromorphic Computing with Tri‐Layer HfO2/BiFeO3/HfO2 Design
Authors: Peng Zehui , Wu Facai , Jiang Li , Cao Guangsen , Jiang Bei , Cheng Gong , Ke Shanwu , Chang Kuan‐Chang , Li Lei , Ye Cong
Published: September 2021

Neuromorphic devices are among the most emerging electronic components to realize artificial neural systems and replace traditional complementary metal–oxide semiconductor devices in recent times. In this work, tri‐layer HfO2/BiFeO3(BFO)/HfO2 memristors are designed by inserting traditional ferroelectric BFO layers measuring ≈4 nm after thickness optimization. The novel designed memristor shows excellent resistive switching (RS) performance such as a storage window of 104 and multi‐level storage ability. Remarkably, essential synaptic functions can be successfully realized on the basis of the linearity of conductance modulation. The pattern recognition simulation based on neuromorphic network is conducted with 91.2% high recognition accuracy. To explore the RS performance enhancement and artificial synaptic behaviors, conductive filaments (CFs) composed of Hafnium (Hf) single crystal with a hexaganal lattice structure are observed using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is reasonable to believe that the sufficient oxygen vacancies in the inserting BFO thin film play a crucial role in adjusting the morphology and growth of Hf CFs, which leads to the promising synaptic and enhanced RS behavior, thus demonstrating the potential of this memristor for use in neuromorphic computing.
Swelling and Deswelling Kinetics of Thermo‐Responsive Microcapsules with Ultrathin Membrane
Authors: Choi Ye Hun , Jeon Seog‐Jin , Kim Shin‐Hyun
Published: September 2021

Microcapsules with a stimuli‐responsive hydrogel membrane are promising as drug carriers and microreactors as they can regulate transmembrane transport. Thinner membranes are usually preferred to facilitate molecular transport and maximize payload. However, swelling behaviors of ultrathin hydrogel membrane have not been systematically investigated. Here, swelling and deswelling kinetics of ultrathin membranes made of thermo‐responsive hydrogels with a lower critical solution temperature are studied. The thinness of hydrogel membrane dramatically alters the response of the microcapsules. The membrane rapidly responds to temperature changes by ejecting or accommodating a small amount of water. By contrast, the microcapsules require the transmembrane transport of a large volume of water for shrinkage or expansion, which takes a relatively long time. The difference in the timescales causes the microcapsules to behave unexpectedly. For example, the thickness of membrane decreases to be even thinner than the equilibrium for sudden increases of temperature. The shrinkage of the microcapsules is slower for higher temperature even though the deviation from equilibrium is greater. For sudden decreases of temperature, the fast expansion of membranes causes the microcapsules to buckle. Understanding the two different response timescales helps predict the peculiar responses and design microcapsules for the drug carriers and microreactors.
A Hybrid Materials Approach for Fabricating Efficient WLEDs Based on Di‐Ureasils Doped with Carbon Dots and a Europium Complex
Authors: Fang Ming , Neto Albano N. Carneiro , Fu Lianshe , Ferreira Rute A. S. , deZeaBermudez Verónica , Carlos L. D.
Published: September 2021

White light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) revolutionized the lighting industry providing high energy efficiency and a long lifetime. The recent development of efficient ultraviolet (UV) LEDs pushed forward the development of WLEDs based on mixtures of down‐shifting phosphors and the current challenges are focused on the design of sustainable light converting materials with tunable correlated color temperature (CCT) and high color rendering index (CRI). Here the authors report a simple route to design sustainable WLEDs with tunable and enhanced color features through the assembly of a commercial LED chip (400 nm) and flexible films of a di‐ureasil hybrid comprising a mixture of a cyan component originating from amorphous carbon dots and a red one resulting from the Eu(tta)3(bpyO2) (tta−: 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetonate and bpyO2: 2,2′‐dipyridyl‐1,1′‐dioxide) complex. This red emission is responsible for high CRI arising from an unprecedented efficient energy bridge between bpyO2 and tta− excited states mediated by the hybrid host, as modeled by theoretical calculations based on the density functional theory and intramolecular energy transfer. WLED prototypes were fabricated with a tunable CCT from cold (5796 K) to warm (4228 K) white‐light with high CRI values of 89 and 84, respectively, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art of UV‐based WLEDs.
Embellishment of Upconversion Nanoparticles with Ultrasmall Perovskite Quantum Dots for Full‐Color Tunable, Dual‐Modal Luminescence Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Du Kaimin , Zhang Manli , Li Yao , Li Huwei , Liu Kai , Li Chengyu , Feng Jing , Zhang Hongjie
Published: September 2021

Advanced fluorescent anticounterfeiting technology has attracted widespread attention and encourages people to develop reliable luminescent materials with multiple colors and tunable luminescence. Here, novel nanocomposites composed of perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are successfully designed and served as efficient anticounterfeiting inks. NaYF4:Yb/Tm@NaYF4:Yb core–shell UCNPs are formed first and then ultrasmall CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I or mixed halide systems Cl/Br and Br/I) PeQDs linked on the surface of UCNPs by seeded‐growth strategy. UCNPs‐CsPbX3 nanocomposites can not only provide multicolor downconversion luminescence (DCL) under ultraviolet (UV) excitation, but also produce tunable upconversion luminescence (UCL) under 980 nm continuous‐wave laser excitation. Finally, UCX3 nanocomposites are mixed with prepolystyrene (PS) and the resulting UCX3/PS with excellent water stability and photostability can be employed as multicolor fluorescent ink for both writing and printing. These findings not only present a general method to fabricate novel nanocomposites combining both advantages of UCNPs and PeQDs, but also provide insight for the practical application in the field of anticounterfeiting.
Azo Molecular Glass Patterning from Chiral Submicron Pillar Array to Self‐Organized Topographic Transition via Irradiation with Circularly Polarized Light
Authors: Wang Zenan , Huang Hao , Hsu Chungen , Wang Xiaogong
Published: September 2021

This work reports chiral structure formation and self‐organized surface patterning upon submicron pillar arrays of an azo molecular glass, induced by irradiation with a circularly polarized laser beam at 488 nm. After the irradiation for 2–3 min, the chiral spiral structures form on the wall of every pillar in the hexagonal array. The spiral direction induced by the right‐handed circularly polarized light is mirror‐symmetrical to that caused by the left‐handed circularly polarized light. Upon further irradiation and gradual erasure of the original pillars, which is caused by mass transfer along the electric vibration direction of the circularly polarized light, a new set of pillars emerges through splitting every original pillar into four equivalent pillars with smaller size. A series of the well‐organized surface patterns appear in the intermediate stage of the topographical transition process. In the final stage, the highly regular pillar array with quadruple area density is formed and stabilized. The structure formation and self‐organized topographic transition are thoroughly investigated by experiments and optical simulation. These intriguing observations are found to be correlated with several unique light–matter interaction effects. The discoveries can provide a new approach to create hierarchical surface patterns and detect the handedness of light.
Stable Organic Passivated Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Solar Cells with an Efficiency of 22%
Authors: Yan Jun , Zhang Cuili , Li Han , Yang Xueliang , Wan Lu , Li Feng , Qiu Kaifu , Guo Jianxin , Duan Weiyuan , Lambertz Andreas , Lu Wanbing , Song Dengyuan , Ding Kaining , Flavel Benjamin S. , Chen Jianhui
Published: September 2021

The organic passivated carbon nanotube (CNT)/silicon (Si) solar cell is a new type of low‐cost, high‐efficiency solar cell, with challenges concerning the stability of the organic layer used for passivation. In this work, the stability of the organic layer is studied with respect to the internal and external (humidity) water content and additionally long‐term stability for low moisture environments. It is found that the organic passivated CNT/Si complex interface is not stable, despite both the organic passivation layer and CNTs being stable on their own and is due to the CNTs providing an additional path for water molecules to the interface. With the use of a simple encapsulation, a record power conversion efficiency of 22% is achieved and a stable photovoltaic performance is demonstrated. This work provides a new direction for the development of high‐performance/low‐cost photovoltaics in the future and will stimulate the use of nanotubes materials for solar cells applications.
Reversible Immunoaffinity Interface Enables Dynamic Manipulation of Trapping Force for Accumulated Capture and Efficient Release of Circulating Rare Cells
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Ding Hongming , Zhang Dongdong , Zhao Kaifeng , Gao Jiafeng , Lin Bingqian , Huang Chen , Song Yanling , Zhao Gang , Ma Yuqiang , Wu Lingling , Yang Chaoyong
Published: September 2021

Controllable assembly and disassembly of recognition interface are vital for bioanalysis. Herein, a strategy of dynamic manipulation of trapping force by engineering a dynamic and reversible immunoaffinity microinterface (DynarFace) in a herringbone chip (DynarFace‐Chip) for liquid biopsy is proposed. The DynarFace is assembled by magnetically attracting immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) on chip substrate, with merits of convenient operation and reversible assembly. The DynarFace allows accumulating attachment of IMBs on circulating rare cell (CRC) surfaces during hydrodynamically enhanced interface collision, where accumulatively enhanced magnetic trapping force improves capture efficiency toward CRCs with medium expression of biomarkers from blood samples by 134.81% compared with traditional non‐dynamic interfaces. Moreover, magnet withdrawing‐induced disappearance of trapping force affords DynarFace disassembly and CRC release with high efficiency (>98%) and high viability (≈98%), compatible with downstream in vitro culture and gene analysis of CRCs. This DynarFace strategy opens a new avenue to accumulated capture and reversible release of CRCs, holding great potential for liquid biopsy‐based precision medicine.
Low‐Frequency Electronic Noise in Quasi‐2D van der Waals Antiferromagnetic Semiconductor FePS3—Signatures of Phase Transitions
Authors: Ghosh Subhajit , Kargar Fariborz , Mohammadzadeh Amirmahdi , Rumyantsev Sergey , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: September 2021

Low‐frequency current fluctuations, i.e., noise, in the quasi‐2D van der Waals antiferromagnetic semiconductor FePS3 with the electronic bandgap of 1.5 eV is investigated. The electrical and noise characteristics of the p‐type, highly resistive, thin films of FePS3 are measured at different temperatures. The noise spectral density is of the 1/f‐type over most of the examined temperature range but reveals well‐defined Lorentzian bulges, and increases strongly near the Néel temperature TN = 118 K (f is the frequency). Intriguingly, the noise spectral density attains its minimum at temperature T ≈ 200 K, which is attributed to an interplay of two opposite trends in noise scaling—one for semiconductors and another for materials with the phase transitions. The Lorentzian corner frequencies reveal unusual dependence on temperature and bias voltage, suggesting that their origin is different from the generation—recombination noise in conventional semiconductors. The obtained results are important for proposed applications of antiferromagnetic semiconductors in spintronic devices. They also attest to the power of the noise spectroscopy for monitoring various phase transitions.
“d‐Electron Complementation” Induced V‐Co Phosphide for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wei Zhenhua , Ye Gaoyang , Chen Guanjie , Miao Jiaojiao , Zhou Xuehua , Zhu Xiangwei , Cao Xiaoqun , Sun Xiangnan
Published: September 2021

To generate “green hydrogen,” electrochemical water splitting is regarded as the most promising method, which requires highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts to accelerate the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER). Herein, a “d‐electron complementation” principle to develop such candidates is proposed. By taking advantage of the filling characteristics of 3d orbitals, vanadium‐cobalt phosphide (V‐CoP) is synthesized. According to X‐ray absorption fine structure and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation, V can disorder the coordination environment of Co, leading to increased/decreased charge density in Co(P)/Co(O). As a result, V‐CoP shows impressive bifunctional activity, which only needs overpotentials of 46 and 267 mV to deliver 10 mA cm−2 for the HER and OER, respectively. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the accelerated H2O dissociation process on the VOx/CoOx/CoP surface and H conversion kinetics on the V‐neighboring CoCo bridge site result in promoted HER activity. Furthermore, the up‐shifted d‐band center of V‐CoOOH endows the V‐neighboring Co site with a lowered energy barrier for the OER. This work serves as a proof‐of‐concept for the application of the “d‐electron complementation” principle, which can be a generalized guideline to design and develop novel highly efficient catalysts.
Seasonal farm labor and COVID‐19 spread
Authors: Charlton Diane
Published: September 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020 caused unprecedented shocks to agricultural food systems, including increased risk to worker health, labor‐related input costs, and production uncertainty. Despite employer precautions, there were numerous worksite outbreaks of COVID‐19. This paper examines the relationship between month‐to‐month variation in historical agricultural employment and changes in the incidence of confirmed COVID‐19 cases and deaths within U.S. counties from April to August 2020. The results show that employment of 100 additional workers in fruit, vegetable, and horticultural production was associated with 4.5% more COVID‐19 cases within counties or an additional 18.65 COVID‐19 cases and 0.34 additional COVID‐19 deaths per 100,000 individuals in the county workforce.
Profitability of twin‐row planting and skip‐row irrigation in a humid climate
Authors: Quintana‐Ashwell Nicolas , Anapalli Saseendran S. , Pinnamaneni Srinivasa R. , Kaur Gurpreet , Reddy Krishna N. , Fisher Daniel
Published: September 2021

We assessed the potential profitability of twin‐row (TR) planting geometry as a water productivity‐enhancing practice and of skip‐row irrigation (SRI) as a water‐conserving practice in furrow‐irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) and soybean (Glycine maxL.). Data from agronomic experiments carried on Dundee silt loam soils indicate that, on average, TR planting increases profitability by US$344 ha−1for all‐row irrigated (ARI), $401 ha−1for SRI, and $334  ha−1for rainfed (RF) cotton. For soybean, the gains were $178 ha−1for ARI irrigated, $178 ha−1for SRI, and $121 ha−1for RF. Converting from ARI to SRI irrigation can conserve 88 mm of irrigation water on average for cotton and 91 mm of irrigation water on average for soybean, while improving cotton profits by $55–113 ha−1. Soybean growers can expect a reduction in profits from SRI of ∼$11 ha−1. Incentive payment for soybean growers of ∼$0.132 mm−1of saved water would compensate farmers for the expected losses of adopting SRI in the Delta of Mississippi.
High‐cut harvesting of maize stover and genotype choice can provide improved feed for ruminants and stubble for conservation agriculture
Authors: Dejene Mesfin , Dixon Rob M. , Walsh Kerry B. , McNeill David , Seyoum Solomon , Duncan Alan J.
Published: September 2021

In smallholder crop–livestock systems where maize (Zea mays L.) is a staple cereal, the stover is usually an important but low‐quality ruminant feed. Maize stover has various competing uses, and optimal allocation of stover, particularly for forage and mulch, is essential for improving whole‐farm productivity and sustainability. Knowledge that feed quality increases with height in maize stover provides opportunities. An experiment investigated the effects of a high cutting height of stover at grain harvest (cut at two internodes below the lowest ear) on the yields and feed quality of the upper and lower stover (stubble) fractions. Measurements were made on six maize genotypes at two sites during two cropping seasons in Ethiopia. The upper stover fraction (USF) on average comprised 674 g kg–1 of the entire stover and was also substantially higher (P < .001) than the lower stover fraction (LSF) in in vitro dry matter digestibility (527 vs. 450 g kg−1 dry matter [DM]) and total N concentrations (8.8 vs. 6.2 g kg−1 DM) and was lower in fiber. Stems (including leaf sheath and tassel), husks (including shank), and leaf blade comprised 484, 310, and 206 g kg−1 of the USF, respectively. Yields and feed quality of stover varied among genotypes and environments. Use of an USF can provide a feedstuff of increased nutritional quality for ruminants, but the efficacy of the LSF for mulch requires investigation. In conclusion, a simple management change to harvest maize stover at higher stubble height combined with use of appropriate genotypes can provide higher‐quality feed while leaving stubble for conservation agriculture.
Aggregation‐induced emission of copper nanoclusters
Authors: Shi Yu‐e , Ma Jinzhu , Feng Anrui , Wang Zhenguang , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: September 2021

Copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) have recently emerged as promising luminophores, featuring ultra‐small size, reasonable photostability, large Stokes shift, and long emission lifetimes. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) has been often used to further improve both the emission intensity and stability of these clusters, with plenty of potential applications in the fields of chemical sensing and bioimaging. This review starts with a summary of the current understanding of emission mechanisms of Cu NCs and proceeds with the analysis of contributions from the Cu metal core and the organic ligands. We summarize the recent research progress on the design of ligands, and the ways on how to induce aggregation of the Cu NCs through electrostatic charge neutralization, host‐guest interactions, and the use of templates. We also discuss the current understanding of emission mechanisms of Cu NCs experiencing AIE, such as the often‐cited restriction of intramolecular motion and contributions from Cu(I) molecular complexes. We finish this review by providing concluding remarks and offering our own perspective on the active field of AIE of Cu NCs, with a hope to further promote the research on the fundamental aspects of this useful phenomenon.
Reversible ion binding for polyelectrolytes with adaptive conformations
Authors: Friedowitz Sean , Qin Jian
Published: September 2021

Polyelectrolytes may adopt rod‐ or coil‐like conformations depending on the strength of intrachain repulsion and the effective charge density. The charge density of polyelectrolytes is influenced not only by the binding of small ions, but also by the binding with oppositely charged chains. We introduce a coupled variational approach that treats reversible ion binding, adaptive chain structure, and electrostatic correlations simultaneously. This approach captures the swelling and deswelling of single polyelectrolyte chains, and the competition between interchain cross‐linking and ion binding in mixtures of polyelectrolytes. Applying our theory to study polyelectrolyte coacervation, we identify two distinct regimes. In the weak binding regime, the charge density is high and the solution properties are dependent on the conformations of polyelectrolytes. In the strong binding regime, this dependence is weakened and the solution thermodynamics are dominated by the short‐range ion‐binding equilibrium.
Structure and hydrogen bonds of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent‐aqueous liquid–liquid interfaces
Authors: Abbas Usman L. , Qiao Qi , Nguyen Manh Tien , Shi Jian , Shao Qing
Published: September 2021

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) emerge as candidates to extract organic substrates from aqueous solutions. The DES‐aqueous liquid–liquid interface plays a vital role in the extraction ability of DESs because the nonbulk structure of interfacial molecules could cause thermodynamic and kinetic barriers. One question is how the DES compositions affect the structural features of the interface. We investigate the density profile, dipole moment, and hydrogen bonds of eight hydrophobic DES‐aqueous interfaces using molecular dynamics simulations. The eight DESs are composed of four organic compounds: decanoic acid, menthol, thymol, and lidocaine. The results show the variations of dipole moment and hydrogen bond structure and dynamics at the interfaces. These variations could influence the extraction ability of DES through adjusting the partition and kinetics of organic substrates in the DES‐aqueous biphasic systems. We also analyze the relationship between the variation of these interfacial features and the size and hydrophobicity of DES components.
The first post‐natal clinical description of true mosaic complete tetrasomy 21: A case report
Authors: Johnson Desalyn Louise , Abdala Villa Caterina , Lustig Matthew C. , Robin Nathaniel H.
Published: September 2021

Tetrasomy 21 is a rare occurrence. Only 14 cases have been reported in the literature, 8 of which are partial tetrasomy cases and 6 which are complete tetrasomy cases. Of the incidences, no proband with true complete tetrasomy 21 has survived the neonatal period. We report complete mosaic tetrasomy 21 in a female infant with the typical Down syndrome phenotype, including Hirschsprung's disease and atrioventricular (AV) canal defect. This is in contrast to cases of partial tetrasomy 21, which often have an atypical trisomy 21 presentation and multiple nonspecific traits, including short stature, microcephaly, and developmental delays. This case demonstrates the difference in clinical presentation between the partial and complete subtype of tetrasomy 21 and provides the first postnatal clinical picture of an infant with true mosaic complete tetrasomy 21.
Tetrahedral [Sb(AuMe)4]3− Occurring in Multimetallic Cluster Syntheses: About the Structure‐Directing Role of Methyl Groups
Authors: Pan Fuxing , Lukanowski Marcel , Weigend Florian , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: September 2021

The anion of [K(crypt‐222)]3[Sb(AuMe)4]⋅py (1; crypt‐222=4,7,13,16,21,24‐hexaoxa‐1,10‐diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane; py=pyridine) represents a rare example of a homoleptic heavy p‐block metal atom being surrounded by four free‐standing transition metal complex fragments, and the third example for a corresponding Sb compound. In contrast to all reported complexes of this type, the transition metal atoms possess twofold coordination only, hence the complex as a whole does not exhibit significant steric shielding or further linkage of the metal atoms. This is reflected in a high flexibility, as confirmed by slight deviations from a tetrahedral coordination of the Sb atom in the crystal and soft vibrational modes. An alternative pyramidal conformer, observed for a related arsenic compound with terminal phosphine ligands, is apparently disfavored owing to electron correlation effects. The compound is formed in a reaction that in another solvent or at other reactant concentrations yields salts of ternary cluster anions. By a combined experimental and theoretical study of different reaction conditions and previously unidentified side‐products, we provide insight into multimetallic cluster synthesis reactions.
Cryptomelane nanorods coated with Ni ion doped Birnessite polymorphs as bifunctional efficient catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction and degradation of organic contaminants
Authors: Gürbüz Mustafa Ulvi , Elmacı Gökhan , Zhang Yajun , Meng Xu , Ertürk Ali Serol
Published: September 2021

The intelligent design or development of dual‐functional catalysts using non‐precious metals especially for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in sustainable energy systems and degradation of organic pollutants is still a difficult and a significant challenge. Furthermore, the development of these catalysts is of great importance in terms of energy security and solution of the environmental problems. To meet these requirements, herein, we describe the synthesis of a Ni‐ion doped Birnessite@Cryptomelane (Ni2+/B@Cr) hybrid structure as a bifunctional efficient catalyst for the OER in neutral media and degradation of dye pollutants. The Ni2+/B@Cr catalyst exhibited a sharp onset potential at 390 mV (vs. RHE) and achieved a current density of 1 mA cm−2 at a low ƞ of 430 mV with a Tafel slope of ~96 mV dec−1. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies indicated that Ni intercalation into birnessite layer and heterostructure of the hybrid electrocatalyst Ni2+/B@Cr increased the conductivity by lowering the resistance of charge transfer (Rct = 4.82 Ω) and oxygen evolution processes (ROER = 4.13 Ω). The durability assay identified Ni2+/B@Cr as stable electrocatalyst with 10% loss of activity after long‐term stability tests (10 h, under 500‐mV overpotential). In addition, the Ni2+/B@Cr achieved high (86.67 s−1 g−1) and rapid (173 s) catalytic performance for the reduction of methylene blue (MB). Overall, this paper presents a low‐cost production strategy for the design of highly efficient bifunctional catalysts, offering boosted electrocatalytic and degradation performance for water oxidation and organic dye contamination, respectively.
High strength antibacterial membranes consisted of nanofibrous chitosan immobilized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Zhiyu , Yuan Jiali , Yu Qinran , Luo Zhixin , Xie Cong , Zhang Kaiyuan , Tang Longxiang , Wang Huiqing
Published: September 2021

Chitosan (CS) has biocompatibility and biodegradability, but the bulk CS hydrogel/membranes with its poor strength and limited antibacterial property could not satisfy the practical application. Here green dissolving/regeneration and in situ reduction strategy was combined to construct high strength antibacterial CS membranes. First nanofibrous CS hydrogels were constructed through dissolving CS in LiOH/KOH/urea aqueous system via freezing–thawing process followed regeneration. Then, Ag NPs were immobilized along CS nanofibers through in situ reductions of Ag + by the NH2 group of CS. The obtained NCM‐Ag composite dry membranes are easy for storing and can quick switch to nanofibrous hydrogels as absorbing water. Size of Ag NPs can be controlled to very small until 2 nm by concentration and limited space network. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer indicated the forceful grasp ability of CS nanofibers to Ag NPs for a stable binding, mechanical property was enhanced over 100Mpa as the nanofibrous structure and chain linked by Ag coordination. The NCM‐Ag membranes had excellent antibacterial activities against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Moreover, such nanofibrous CS membrane exhibited good adhesive ability to tissues. Combining all these properties, NCM‐Ag membranes would be potential as antibacterial adhesion barrier to accelerate wound healing.
Smoldering suppression and synergistic effect of alginate fiber‐based composite paper by flame‐retardant lyocell fiber
Authors: Xu Kai , He Yaqi , Tian Xing , Wang Bingbing , Cao Ying , Wang Bin , Xia Yanzhi , Quan Fengyu
Published: September 2021

The application of traditional cellulosic paper is limited because of its flammability, so it is necessary to explore new materials that can be used in the field of flame‐retardant paper. Based on the synergistic effect between fibers, flame‐retardant lyocell (FRL) and calcium alginate (FRL/Ca‐Alg) composite paper is prepared by a simple but efficient method. The thermal degradation process of the composite paper is analyzed by thermogravimetric (TG) and TG analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared, the flame retardancy of the composite paper is analyzed by vertical flammability (VF) tests, limiting oxygen index test and cone calorimetry test, and the morphology of the residue after VF tests is observed by scanning electron microscopy. It is found that, the Ca‐Alg releases a large amount of CO2 before ignited, which delayed the ignited time of the composite paper; FRL reduces the effective combustion heat of composite paper during combustion, and the compact char formed by FRL effectively inhibits the smoldering of Ca‐Alg in the end stage of combustion. Based on these, the synergistic flame‐retardant effect of composite paper is proposed.
Central composite design optimization for a controlled valsartan release from polycaprolactone microspheres
Authors: Sadoun‐Daikha Ounissa , González Rodríguez María Luisa , Azouz L' Hachemi , Rabasco Antonio M. , Rezgui Farouk
Published: September 2021

This investigation aimed to develop polycaprolactone (PCL) microspheres, which provide better control of valsartan release. Central composite experimental design (2‐factor, 3‐level) was used to study the effect of two independent variables, namely drug amount (X1) and organic phase volume (X2), on encapsulation efficiency (Y1) and particle size (Y2). The drug‐containing microspheres were prepared by a single emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized by various techniques including high performance liquid chromatography, thermal analysis, X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and particle size analysis. The optimum conditions found by the quadratic models were yielded microspheres with an encapsulation efficiency of about 79% and a particle size of 51 μm. The optimal formulation improved drug release in simulated gastric fluid for the first 2 h, while it provided a sustained release, in phosphate buffered saline (pH 6.8). The formulations prepared with a lower organic phase volume (4 ml) have reduced the burst effect and therefore provided better control of valsartan release. Mathematical modeling studies showed that the encapsulated drug release was governed by Fickian‐diffusion mechanism.
Preparation and properties enhancement of poly(lactic acid)/calcined‐seashell biocomposites for3Dprinting applications
Authors: Razali Mohammed Seddik , Khimeche Kamel , Melouki Redouane , Boudjellal Ammar , Vroman Isabelle , Alix Sébastien , Ramdani Noureddine
Published: September 2021

In the recent few years, fused filament fabrication technique have seen extensively used to produce complex‐geometry objects. However, the relatively restricted range of 3D printable biocomposites decelerated its adoption in the biomedical sector as a conventional manufacturing technique. In this method, the introduction of biofillers with unique properties to produce high performance composites as printing feedstocks are increasingly recommended. The interest in using eco‐friendly fillers from waste as reinforcing agents for producing lightweight and low‐cost poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites is recently increased. In this work, a series of PLA biocomposites filled with calcined seashell (CSh) particles have been prepared by melt mixing technique using a twin‐screw extruder, and characterized by different morphological, thermal, and mechanical methods. The visco‐elastic parameters have been determined for these biocomposites to optimize their processing conditions. The morphological analysis revealed a homogenous dispersion of CSh fillers within the biopolymeric matrix, which was responsible for the enhancement of the various mechanical properties. Where, by adding 10 wt% of treated CSh, the tensile modulus and strength were significantly increased from 183.8 ± 4.7 MPa and 29.81 ± 1.8 MPa to 241.9 ± 63 MPa and 49.06 ± 8.87 MPa, respectively, compared to the virgin PLA. In addition, respected to PLA matrix, the compressive moduli of the printed specimens of PLA/5CSh and PLA/10CSh biocomposite filaments exhibited improvements of 5% and 14%, respectively. Moreover, the thermal analysis showed a marked improvement in the thermal stability of the elaborated biocomposites, where the degradation temperature (Td50) have been upgraded by 4°C for the biocomposite containing 10 wt% of CSh bio‐filler. These outstanding properties of PLA/CSh composites make them very suitable for 3D printing applications in the biomedical field.
Investigation into poloxamer 188‐based cubosomes as a polymeric carrier for poor water‐soluble actives
Authors: Yakaew Swanya , Luangpradikun Kunlathida , Phimnuan Preeyawass , Nuengchamnong Nitra , Kamonsutthipaijit Nuntaporn , Rugmai Supagorn , Nakyai Wongnapa , Ross Sukunya , Ungsurungsei Malyn , Viyoch Jarupa , Ross Gareth
Published: September 2021

Cubosomes and other lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) phases are of great interest in many fields due to their potential as delivery systems. This study prepared poloxamer 188 (Pluronic® F68 [F68]) based cubosomes utilizing a low energy method and reports LLC structure stability, rheological behavior and carrier properties of the formed cubosomes. Mixtures of F68 and water were investigated and showed a concentration dependent viscoelastic behavior, ranging from a viscous liquid (30% F68) to hard gels (70% F68). Small‐angle X‐ray scattering showed cubosomes (Im3m) were present at F68 concentrations between 45% and 60%. Cubosomes fabricated from 50% F68 and 50% water were selected as the best composition and gave stable cubic structures for at least 10 months without additional stabilizing agent. To assess the use with poor water‐soluble molecules, artocarpin (AR) was added to the F68‐based cubosome. The developed cubosome possessed enhanced AR solubility due to the high affinity to the hydrophobic regions present in the cubic formation. Furthermore, an in vitro permeation study showed faster permeation rates of the developed cubosomes when compared to a cream‐based formulation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the F68‐based cubosomes represent a promising low‐cost active carrier for enhancing the solubility and permeability of low water‐soluble molecules.
Unveiling the elusive: X‐rays bring scolecophidian snakes out of the dark
Authors: Bell Christopher J. , Daza Juan D. , Stanley Edward L. , Laver Rebecca J.
Published: September 2021

Scolecophidian snakes have long posed challenges for scholars interested in elucidating their anatomy. The importance, and relative paucity, of high‐quality anatomical data pertaining to scolecophidians was brought into sharp focus in the late 20th century as part of a controversy over the phylogeny and ecological origin of snakes. The basal position of scolecophidians in the phylogeny of snakes makes their anatomy, behavior, ecology, and evolution especially important for such considerations. The depauperate fossil record for the group meant that advances in understanding their evolutionary history were necessarily tied to biogeographic distributions and anatomical interpretations of extant taxa. Osteological data, especially data pertaining to the skull and mandible, assumed a dominant role in shaping historical and modern perspectives of the evolution of scolecophidians. Traditional approaches to the exploration of the anatomy of these snakes relied heavily upon serial‐sectioned specimens and cleared‐and‐stained specimens. The application of X‐ray computed tomography (CT) to the study of scolecophidians revolutionized our understanding of the osteology of the group, and now, via diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (diceCT), is yielding data sets on internal soft anatomical features as well. CT data sets replicate many aspects of traditional anatomical preparations, are readily shared with a global community of scholars, and now are available for unique holotype and other rare specimens. The increasing prevalence and relevance of CT data sets is a strong incentive for the establishment and maintenance of permanent repositories for digital data.
Deception attack monitoring in vulnerable hydroelectric generator system
Authors: Sari Bilal , Sid Mohamed Amine
Published: September 2021

This article deals with unknown deception attacks detection of hydroelectric generator. Such cyber attacks are switching disturbances that affect the input information transmitted from the power system stabilizer to the plant through a constrained communication network. The generator dynamics can be modeled as an augmented state model, whereas the unknown input reconstruction is obtained from a modified Kalman filter recursions under communication constraints. The obtained design ensures the minimization of disturbances with accurate cyberattack monitoring.
Erneuerung einer festen Fahrbahn der Bahn unter Verwendung von UHFB – weltweit erstmaliger Einsatz von UHFB im Gleisbau – Teil 2: Übersicht der statischen Nachweise, Dimensionierung der hochleistungsfähigen Schwellensockel aus UHFB
Authors: Hochuli Antonina , Trouillet Jean‐Georges , Brühwiler Eugen , Schulz Olaf , Hoffmann Michael
Published: September 2021

Dieser Aufsatz in zwei Teilen berichtet über die Instandsetzung und Anpassung der festen Fahrbahn im stark frequentierten unterirdischen Bahnhof Zürich Flughafen. Die 1980 eingebaute feste Fahrbahn hatte die vom Systemanbieter vorausgesagte Nutzungsdauer erreicht und wies Schäden auf. Damit die Bahnsteige die Vorgaben des Behindertengleichstellungsgesetzes (BehiG) erfüllen, musste außerdem die Gleisgeometrie abschnittweise durch eine Absenkung angepasst werden. Aus diesem Grund war ein einfacher Austausch der Schwellenblöcke nicht möglich und eine Sonderlösung erforderlich. Mit der Anwendung des ultrahochleistungsfähigen zementgebundenen Faserverbundbaustoffs UHFB wurde eine nachhaltige und wirtschaftliche Lösung für ein Projekt gefunden, bei dem eine traditionelle Lösung zeit‐ und kostenaufwendig gewesen wäre. Außerdem wurde im Rahmen dieses Projekts festgestellt, dass die Anwendung des UHFB mit deutlich verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften die Nutzungsdauer der festen Fahrbahn erhöht. Mit dem Einsatz von UHFB wird die Nutzungsdauer der festen Fahrbahn gleich derjenigen der gesamten Bahnhofanlage, was die Wirtschaftlichkeit weiter verbessert. In diesem Teil wird das Vorgehen bei der Bemessung der Sockel aus UHFB erläutert. Die einzelnen Punkte der Dimensionierung der Sockel aus traditionellem Beton C50/60 werden ebenfalls erwähnt.