bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERKEMBANGAN USAHA MIKRO SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MEMPEROLEH PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH DARI BMT KOTA MANDIRI BENGKULU
Authors: Afrianty Nonie
Published: September 2019

businesses can develop with additional capital, so it is necessary to know whether there are differences in the development of micro-enterprises before and after obtaining murabahah financing from BMT Kota Mandiri Bengkulu. The types of data in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used were oral interviews and library research. In this study, 33 samples were taken with the Puposive sampling technique with the characteristics of financing customers who had run murabahah financing for at least six months. Data Analysis Techniques in the normality test using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method and homogeneity test with the Levene method. on testing hypotheses using paired sample t-test parametric statistics. The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in the development of micro-enterprises before and after obtaining murabahah financing from BMT Kota Mandiri Bengkulu.
KONTRIBUSI E-WOM TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMTIF
Authors: Yustati Herlina
Published: September 2019

This article starts from Laila Hifziati's research stating that in addition to being the most up-to-date promotional tool, eWOM culinary on Instagram has formed a consumptive culture. Starting from this study, this study aims to determine how much eWOM contributes through the shopee platform (Shopee platform dominates mobile applications and ranks first as the most popular shopping application on the Android and IOS platforms) on the consumptive behavior of Bengkulu IAIN students. Before knowing the size of the contribution, the results of the study show that e-Wom has a positive effect on consumptive behavior, that is, the more frequent e-Wom is used in Shopee applications, the more consumptive behavior will be. While the amount of e-Wom's contribution to consumptive behavior is 42.7%, while 57.3% is influenced by other factors
Pemikiran Ekonomi Ibnu Al-Qayyim al-Jauziyyah
Authors: Umari Zuul Fitriani
Published: September 2019

This article uses a review of the literature on medieval Arab professor/ economic thought Syamsuddin Abdullah Muhammad bin Abi Bakr Al Zar'i or known as Ibn Qayyim. An approach that focuses on explaining how the concept of usury is in the view of Ibn al-Qayyim al-jawziyyah. as a master of theology and translator of Islamic scriptures, he was one of the leading jurists from the Hambali school in four schools of Islamic law that emerged between the eighth and fourteenth centuries (after the other three, Hanafi, Maliki and Syafii, respectively, the names were pioneers ) There are economic ideas discussed, namely: Islamic economic philosophy, comparison and difference between wealth and poverty, economic interests of zakat, interest in usury al-fadl and riba al-nasi'ah, market mechanisms and the need for public sector intervention.
ANALISIS FAKTOR MOTIVASI JATI DIRI MUSLIM MELAKSANAKAN HAJI DAN UMRAH
Authors: Stiawan Evan , Yarmunida Miti
Published: September 2019

Populasi yang cukup tinggi dalam membuat masyarakat Indonesia beramai ramai melaksanakan ibadah haji dan umrah. Hal ini tercermin pada waktu tunggu antri untuk ibadah haji di Indonesia yaitu berkisar waktu 10-17 Tahun. Data tersebut menunjukan bahwa sangat banyak sekali antusiasmen warga dalam melaksanakamn ibadah haji, akan tetapi untuk mengisi waktu tunggu tersebut yang cukup lama banyak masyarakat yang melakukan ibadah umrah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor motivasi masyarakat melaksanakan ibadah haji dan umrah. Studi desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis faktor melalui uji  Barlett test of sphericity, Kaiser Mesyer Olkin (KMO), dan Measure Sampling Adequacy (MSA). Faktor individu yaitu usia dan pendidikan tidak dapat menjadi faktor yang signifikan dalam mempengaruhi untuk melaksanakan ibadah haji dan umrah.
PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN MODALITAS INTENSIONAL DALAM BAHASA MELAYU DAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Kurniasih Ulfa
Published: September 2019

Modality is the means of the speaker for his involvement in the truth of his speech propositions. In the semantic level, modalities can appear in all languages with their respective expressions. Modalities according to Alwi (1992) consist of intentional modalities, epistemic modalities, deontic modalities, and dynamic modalities. This study aims to look at changes in use in the aspects of intentional modalities in Malay and Indonesian. The data taken is in the form of Malay texts Hikayat Hang Tuah (1700), Hikayat Indera Nata (1800), and Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk (1982)..
KORELASI PENGUASAAN KOSAKATA DENGAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS EKSPOSISI SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 03 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Aulia Wenny
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh hasil deskripsi penguasaan kosakata, kemampuan menulis eksposisi, dan korelasi penguasaan kosakata dengan keterampilan menulis eksposisi siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 03 Kota Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 333 orang yang tersebar dalam enam kelas. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas XI dengan jumlah 42 orang. Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui tes objektif untuk penguasaan kosakata dan tes unjuk kerja untuk kemampuan menulis eksposisi. Hasil penelitian dan analisis data korelasi penguasaan kosakata dengan keterampilan menulis eksposisi sebagai berikut. Pertama, Penguasaan koasakata siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 03 Kota Bengkulu berada pada kualifikasi hampir cukup dengan nilai 54,09. Kedua, kemampuan menulis eksposisi siswa kelas XI siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 03 Kota Bengkulu berada pada kualifikasi hampir cukup dengan nilai 54,88. Ketiga, terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara penguasaan kosakata dengan keterampilan menulis eksposisi siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 03 Kota Bengkulu.
Study of Low-Salinity Waterflooding for Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Cesarian Dwiky Pobri
Published: September 2019

Recent studies showed that salinity concentration of the injected water is more important factor rather than the amount of water injected. The objectives of this study are to analyse the effect of salinity and its behaviour in waterflooding and calculating the recovery factor of the oil produced in sandtone reservoir condition. This study focuses on analysing the effect of salinity to its recovery factor, relative permeability, breakthrough time and water cut of the oil-water system. Laboratory experiment had been carried out to determine the recovery factor by using sandstone core with the dimension length and diameter of 3 in and 1.5 in, respectively. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) was used to control the salinity concentration in waterflooding with range of 1,000 ppm to 14,000 ppm. The experiment was run with constant flow rate, pressure and temperature. In this experiment, deionized water with varied salinity and paraffin oil were used to perform the waterflooding procedure. Based on the results obtained, the highest total oil recovery by waterflooding was 57.8% with 4,000 ppm as the optimum salinity, which is 14.6% higher than oil recovered by 14,000 ppm. The results also showed the change in end-point value of relative permeability. It also showed that water cut tend to increase as the salinity increase, while breakthrough time tend to decrease as the salinity increase.
PARADIGMA POLITIK ISLAM: PROTOTIPE NEGARA MADINAH DAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP POLITIK KENEGARAAN
Authors: Efrinaldi Efrinaldi
Published: September 2019

In the history of Islamic politics, the leadership of the Messenger of Allah in Medina, who is protecting heterogeneous citizens, is a proof of the exisitency of the state and government in Islam. The Leadership of the Apostles in Medina indicates the fulfillment of the nominal requirements as a state. In the Medina state he is recognized as the supreme leader, which means the holder of the legislative, executive and judicial powers. In practice, however, he delegated executive and judicial duties to his capable and capable companions. In essence, there are two references to the life of the state arranged in the Medina Charter, namely: 1) All followers of Islam is a people although they are different tribes; 2) The relationship between Muslim and non-Muslim communities is based on the principles of: (a) being good neighbors, (b) helping each other against common enemies, (c) defending persecuted, (d) advising each other, and (e) respecting freedom religion. The essential elements for the formation of the State of Medina, consisting of a region, namely Medina; people composed of Muslim and non-Muslim groups; the government is controlled by the Prophet and assisted by his companions; as well as sovereigns based on the written law (Medina Charter) within the community of Medina.
REORIENTASI ARAH KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI HUKUM DALAM UPAYA MEMBENTUK PENEGAK HUKUM PROFESIONAL
Authors: Syaifuddin Syaifuddin , Kosasih Ade
Published: September 2019

Abstract: The phenomenon of caught red-handed operations against law enforcement is a manifestation of failure of legal higher education in producing professional law enforcements. The orientation of higher education law is only on both theoretical and practical competencies, while character education is improved. Therefore the policy of implementing legal higher education needs to be directed at character education through efforts in order to internalize idealism values such as justice, truth, honesty, kindness, responsibility, etc. into prospective graduates/students who will become law Enforcement Scholars. In addition, learning methods that tend to be conventional and monologue need to be replaced with methods that can stimulate students to be more critical, analytical, innovative and progressive. Keywords: Reorientation, School of Law, Professionalism
The Use of Webbing Technique to Improve Recount Text Writing Achievement of Tenth Graders of SMAN 1 Curup Selatan
Authors: Utari Astin
Published: September 2019

This study was aimed at examining the efficacy of webbing technique to help students improving their writing achievement in recount text. This research was used experimental method. The population was the tenth graders of SMAN 1 Curup Selatan in academic years 2016/2017 and 30 students were taken as the sample by using convenience sampling. The result showed that there was any significant improvement with a significant mean difference of 11.72 (t=.000) and its aspects. It was also supported the results of questionnaire which indicated webbing was useful technique to solve students’ problems in writing recount texts.These results indicated that webbing technique is effective in improving the students’ writing achievement.  Keywords:, webbing technique, writing  achievement, recount text
KELAS HAJI KELAS SOSIAL Sejarah Haji dari Zaman Kolonial Hingga Kini Ditinjau dari Kajian Kritis Kapitalisme
Authors: Sadzali Asyhadi Mufsi
Published: September 2019

Fenomena haji dimasa kini yang sarat penipuan dan antri hingga tujuh tahun adalah satu bentuk kesadaran palsu mode baru yang diciptkan para kapitalis. Kasus penipuan terkait umroh yang berulang-ulang kali nampaknya tidak menimbulkan efek jera dan pembelajaran bagi masyarakat. Fenomena yang sangat menarik rupanya tidak hanya terjadi diera ‘medsos’ seperti saat ini, namun juga terjadi pada  masa kolonial. Tentu pola berulang ini menawarkan tanda tanya untuk ditelaah lebih dalam sampai ke akar masa lalu, yakni masa kolonial. Oleh karena itu kajian ini mencoba melihat sisi lain dibalik prosesi ibadah haji dengan mengunakan kajian kritis kapitalisme dan pendekatan historis. Pendekatan historis yang digunakan yakni dengan membandingkan prosesi haji di masa kolonial dengan masa sekarang berikut fenomena sosial yang terajadi dalamnya. Babak akhir dari perburuan jejak kapitalis dalam kelas haji yakni berupa benang merah yang dapat kita tarik kesimpulannya bahwa kesadaran palsu dan pembentukan kelas sosial yang diciptakan pemerintah kolonial selaku kapitalis tunggal, hingga saat ini masih terus berlanjut dengan mode baru zaman now.
JEJAK SEJARAH BUNG KARNO DI BENGKULU
Authors: Setiyanto Agus
Published: September 2019

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk melengkapi data sejarah tentang perjalanan perjuangan Bung Karno semasa pengasingannya di Bengkulu. Penulisan jejak sejarah Bung Karno di Bengkulu (1938 – 1942) selain bermanfaat bagi pengembangan penulisan sejarah bagi bangsa Indonesia, juga diharapkan bermanfaat sebagai bahan pendidikan sejarah bagi generasi muda Indonesia agar lebih mencintai serta bangga terhadap sejarah perjuangan bangsa Indonesia. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode sejarah, yang terdiri atas empat tahapan, yaitu heuristik (tahap pengumpulan sumber), kritik entern (menentukan autensitas sumber) dan kritik intern (menentukan kredibilitas sumber), interpretasi (analisis) data, dan historiografi (penulisan). Hasil penelusuran jejak sejarah Bung Karno antara lain: Bung Karno tiba di Bengkulu tanggal 9 Mei 1938.
EKSISTENSI PMII DI BENGKULU (Analisis Sejarah dan Perkembangannya di Kota Bengkulu Antara Tahun 1990-2015)
Authors: Agusnawan Rizal
Published: September 2019

Adapun tujuan penelitian ini  Mengetahui Sejarah Organisasi Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PMII) di Bengkulu. Mengetahui Eksistensi (Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia) PMII terhadap Organisasi kemahasiswaan di Bengkulu dalam bidang sosial dan Keagamaan. Untuk mengungkapkan persoalan tersebut secara mendalam dan menyeluruh, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah (historis) dengan cara melakukan observasi, wawancara dengan tokoh-tokoh pendiri, alumni, pengurus PMII kota Bengkulu dan tokoh PMII yang bisa memberikan informasi, Sejarah, Perkemabangan, eksistensi, kontribusi dan data mengenai PMII, kemudian data tersebut dianalisis dan dibahas untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa perta; perkembangan PMII di Kota Bengkulu Dalam mendidik anggota maupun kader, Pengurus Cabang PMII Kota Bengkulu menerapkan tiga bentuk pengkaderan, yakni formal, informal, non formal. Pengkaderan formal adalah pendidikan di PMII yang berjenjang dan terstruktur dengan jelas. Kedua; Kontribusi Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PMII) Kota Bengkulu terhadap aktivitas sosial kegamaan di Kota Bengkulu yakni dalam hal: Safari Ramadhan, Kerja Bakti Sosial bersama Warga, Peringatan Hari Besar Islam, Yasinan, Aksi Pengurus Cabang PMII Kota Bengkulu.
SEJARAH KERUNTUHAN SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN TRADISIONAL DI BENGKULU
Authors: Hapriwijaya R. Ade
Published: September 2019

Perbedaan-perbedaan mengenai pemikiran hukum Inggris dan praktek-praktek hukum adat Bengkulu menjadi sumber kemelut dan sengketa. Hal ini mendorong diambilnya suatu putusan penting dalam tahun 1778 untuk mengubah serta merombak beberapa praktek lokal tersebut, khususnya yang dapat merugikan perkebunan lada, sedangkan pegawai Inggris hanya sebagai peninjau pada peradilan distrik.  Setelah 1778 pegawai Inggris di distrik diwajibkan ambil bagian dalam perkara yang penting. Dengan reformasi ini banyak kemajuan yang diperoleh tetapi masih terhambatdengan adanya perbuatan korupsi yang terus menerus, serta pentingnya penyalahgunaan kekuasaan oleh pegawai Pemerintah Inggris dan Depati setempat. Pesoalan ekonomi terus berlanjut, hingga tahun 1785 pemukiman dipesisir Barat diubah menjadi Karesidenan dan daerah-daerah administratif diperluas.
Elastic Band Training Effect to Parameters of Sarcopenia in Elderly Community-Dwelling
Authors: Biben Vitriana , Defi Irma Ruslina , Suselo Derry
Published: September 2019

Physiologically aging causes the decreased of muscle mass, strength, and or limited activity known as sarcopenia in the elderly. The decrease in muscle capacity occurs in all elderly, active, or sedentary. Exercise for the elderly is considered not enough to prevent the decrease of function that will occur. Therefore, it is necessary to add strength training to the elderly, such as elastic band exercise. The effect of strength training in 12 weeks with elastic band strengthening exercise on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance as sarcopenia parameters measured in this study. The interventional study design was conducted in elderly community-dwelling in Bandung city, West Java, from May to July 2016. Thirty elderly (60–81 years old) muscle mass measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), handgrip strength using hand dynamometer and walking distance as the parameter of physical performance, using 6-minute walking test. Significant differences found in hand muscle strength (p=0.007), walking distance (p=0.000) after elastic band strengthening exercise, but there were no significant changes in muscle mass (p=0.236) even though the muscle mass increased after 12 weeks of strengthening exercise. In conclusion, additional elastic band strength exercise for regular elderly exercise can increase muscle strength and physical performance. PENGARUH LATIHAN DENGAN PITA ELASTIK TERHADAP PARAMETER SARKOPENIA PADA USILA DI KOMUNITASPenuaan secara fisiologis menyebabkan penurunan massa, kekuatan otot dan/atau keterbatasan aktivitas pada usia lanjut (usila). Penurunan kemampuan otot ini terjadi pada semua usila, baik yang aktif maupun nonaktif sehingga senam usila yang ada dianggap tidak mencukupi untuk mencegah penurunan fungsi yang akan terjadi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penambahan latihan kekuatan pada usila seperti latihan kekuatan menggunakan pita elastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh latihan kekuatan dengan pita elastik selama 12 minggu terhadap massa otot, kekuatan otot, dan performa fisik yang merupakan parameter sarkopenia pada usila. Desain penelitian intervensi dilakukan pada usila di komunitas Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat periode bulan Mei sampai Juli 2016. Sebanyak 30 partisipan (usia 60–81 tahun) diukur massa otot menggunakan bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) dan kekuatan otot menggunakan dinamometer tangan, serta uji jalan 6 menit untuk mengukur performa fisik. Perbedaan bermakna ditemukan pada kekuatan otot tangan (p=0,007) dan jarak tempuh jalan (p=0,000) setelah dilakukan latihan kekuatan dengan pita elastik, tetapi tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna pada massa otot tangan dan kaki (p=0,236) walaupun terjadi peningkatan massa otot setelah dilakukan latihan selama 12 minggu. Simpulan, penambahan latihan kekuatan dengan pita elastik pada program senam usila meningkatkan secara bermakna kekuatan otot dan performa fisik usila.
Assessing Occupational Exposure to Surface Contaminants in Kuwaiti Educational Buildings
Authors: Al-Temeemi Abdul-Salam , Al-Hubail Jamal , Al-Khayat Ahmad
Published: September 2019

The prevalence of surface contaminants, such as potentially harmful bacteria, within building environments in the State of Kuwait is not known.To the authors’ knowledge, this article is the frst of such a report. A total of 342 stool samples were collected from 46 secondary schools to evaluate indoor occurrences of E. coli bacteria within selected lavatory surfaces. After microbiological testing, the results for the spread of the E. coli bacteria were categorized by total count, sampling location dependency, contamination level comparison between genders, and lavatory fxtures (i.e. seat and squat toilets). The results revealed that 7 schools have a bacterial contamination problem, there is cross-contamination between surfaces in the lavatory stalls, the boys’ lavatories were less sanitary than the girls’, and that the squat-style toilets are more contaminated than the seat-style. The results suggest that there is signifcant risk of spread of bacterial infection among students via contaminated hands and surfaces in the lavatory area in some schools. Thus, this study emphasizes the need to improve environmental hygiene and enhanced sanitation in these schools. In addition, conclusions can be drawn as to the effectiveness of the janitorial staff employed by the schools and the effcacy of the cleaning regime used in the lavatories. Furthermore, based on the fndings, there are architectural design consequences as squat-style toilets might be excluded in lavatories designed for schools to be constructed in the future.
Navigointia kestävän kaupunkisuunnittelun ristiaallokossa
Authors: Rekola Aino , Paloniemi Riikka
Published: September 2019

Kaupunkilaisten hyvinvoinnin kannalta luontoympäristön laatu ja saavutettavuus ovat tulevaisuuden  avainkysymyksiä. Artikkelissa analysoimme pääkaupunkiseudun kaupunkisuunnittelijoiden sekä viheralueiden hoidosta vastaavien viranomaisten oikeudenmukaisuuskäsityksiä. Suunnittelijanäkemyksistä etsimme vastauksia siihen, miten suunnittelijat ratkovat työssään edustajuuden dilemmaa, joka aiheutuu tasapuolisuuden turvaamisen ja moninaisuuden tunnistamisen välisistä jännitteistä. Tutkimuksessamme havaitsimme, että suunnittelijat pitivät oikeudenmukaisuutta vahvana ammatillisena periaatteenaan. Erilaisten odotusten ristipaineissa suunnittelijoiden kyky käyttää luovasti toimivaltaansa oikeudenmukaisuuden turvaamiseksi oli kuitenkin jossain määrin rajoittunut. Esitämme, että ymmärrys oikeudenmukaisuuden kokemuksen rakentumisesta ja siitä, miten reilu prosessi itsessään auttaa osallista hyväksymään huonommankin lopputuloksen, voisi toimia suunnittelijalle kompassina odotusten ristipaineessa navigoinnissa. Suunnittelijan kykyä turvata oikeudenmukaisuutta voidaan tukea lainsäädännöllä ja ammattieettisillä periaatteilla.
Tuloerojen ja terveyden eriarvoisuuden ikuinen mysteeri
Authors: Paasivaara Vesa-Matti
Published: September 2019

Kaikki tämän numeron kirja-arviot on kirjoitettu osana Turun yliopiston sosiologian opintojen Eriarvoisuus -teemaseminaaria.
Kansalaistutkimus: Ihan pihalla? –projektin loppuvaihe Ja tulokset
Authors: Koskiaho Briitta
Published: September 2019

Januksen alkuvuoden numerossa kirjoitin kansalaistutkimuksesta yleensä ja projektin Ihan pihalla? alkuvaiheesta vuonna 2018. Nyt tätä kirjoitettaessa kesäkuussa 2019 projekti on valmis. Valmistaudumme SOSTE ry:n järjestämään tiedotustilaisuuteen. Raportti julkaistaan nettiversiona SOSTE ry:n sivulla www.soste.fi ja tiivistelmä painettuna. Mitä siis jäi käteen tästä suomalaisessa sosiaalitutkimuksessa vielä vähän käytetystä tutkimusmetodista, koko prosessista ja tuloksista?
Practice Forum-Defining Dexterity in Hand Therapy
Authors: Yong Joshua , Macdermid Joy C. , Packham Tara
Published: September 2019

The authors propose a definition of dexterity to improve the clarity of the concept: dexterity, in communication and its application to clinical assessment in hand and upper limb rehabilitation.
Neural mechanisms supporting emotional and self-relevant information processing and encoding in older and younger adults
Authors: Daley Ryan T , Bowen Holly J , Fields Eric C , Parisi Katelyn , Gutchess Angela , Kensinger Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

Emotion and self-referential processing can both enhance memory, but whether they do so via common mechanisms across the adult lifespan remains underexplored. To fill this gap, the current study directly compared, within the same fMRI paradigm, the encoding of emotionally salient and self-referential information in older adults and younger adults. Behavioral results replicated the typical patterns of better memory for emotional than neutral information and for self-referential than non-self-referential materials; these memory enhancements were present for younger and older adults. In neural activity, young and older adults showed similar modulation by emotion, but there were substantial age differences in the way self-referential processing affected neural recruitment. Contrary to our hypothesis, we also found little evidence for overlap in the neural mechanisms engaged for emotional and self-referential processing. These results reveal that – just as in cognitive domains – older adults can show similar performance to younger adults in socioemotional domains even though the two age groups engage distinct mechanisms. These findings demonstrate the need for future research that delves into the neural mechanisms supporting older adults’ memory benefits for socioemotional material.
The Mathematical Expressions of Quranic Exegeses and the Mathematical Definition of the Quranic Correctness
Authors: Tahara Hiroki
Published: September 2019

This study succeeded in giving mathematical expressions to any correct Quranic exegeses and define the Quranic correctness as the unique existence of Tahara I function. In a precise mathematical sense, the expressions and the definition are ill-defined. However, they might have meanings to prove the Quranic correctness.
The Hong Kong Principles for Assessing Researchers: Fostering Research Integrity
Authors: Moher David , Bouter Lex , Kleinert Sabine , Glasziou Paul , Sham Mai Har , Barbour Virginia , Coriat Anne-Marie , Foeger Nicole , Dirnagl Ulrich
Published: September 2019

The primary goal of research is to advance knowledge. For that knowledge to benefit research and society, it must be trustworthy. Trustworthy research is robust, rigorous and transparent at all stages of design, execution and reporting. Initiatives such as the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) and the Leiden Manifesto have led the way bringing much needed global attention to the importance of taking a considered, transparent and broad approach to assessing research quality. Since publication in 2012 the DORA principles have been signed up to by over 1500 organizations and nearly 15,000 individuals. Despite this significant progress, assessment of researchers still rarely includes considerations related to trustworthiness, rigor and transparency. We have developed the Hong Kong Principles (HKPs) as part of the 6th World Conference on Research Integrity with a specific focus on the need to drive research improvement through ensuring that researchers are explicitly recognized and rewarded (i.e., their careers are advanced) for behavior that leads to trustworthy research. The HKP have been developed with the idea that their implementation could assist in how researchers are assessed for career advancement with a view to strengthen research integrity. We present five principles: responsible research practices; transparent reporting; open science (open research); valuing a diversity of types of research; and recognizing all contributions to research and scholarly activity. For each principle we provide a rationale for its inclusion and provide examples where these principles are already being adopted.
Quantifying the reliance on different sublexical correspondences in German and English
Authors: Schmalz Xenia , Marinus Eva , Robidoux Serje , Palethorpe Sallyanne , Castles Anne , Coltheart Max
Published: September 2019

The type of sublexical correspondences employed during non-word reading has been a matter of considerable debate in the past decades of reading research. Non-words may be read either via small units (graphemes) or large units (orthographic bodies). In addition, grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences may involve context-sensitive correspondences, such as pronouncing an “a” as /ɔ/ when preceded by a “w”. Here, we use an optimisation procedure to explore the reliance on these three types of correspondences in non-word reading. In Experiment 1, we use vowel length in German to show that all three sublexical correspondences are necessary and sufficient to predict the participants' responses. We then quantify the degree to which each correspondence is used. In Experiment 2, we present a similar analysis in English, which is a more complex orthographic system.
Phonological decoding or direct access? Regularity effects in lexical decisions of Grade 3 and 4 children
Authors: Schmalz Xenia , Marinus Eva , Castles Anne
Published: September 2019

Learning to read fluently involves moving from an effortful phonological decoding strategy to automatic recognition of familiar words. However, little is known about the timing of this transition, or the extent to which children continue to be influenced by phonological factors when recognizing words even as they progress in reading. We explored this question by examining regularity effects in a lexical decision task, as opposed to the more traditionally used reading-aloud task. Children in Grades 3 and 4 made go/no-go lexical decisions on high- and low-frequency regular and irregular words that had been matched for consistency. The children showed regularity effects in their accuracy for low-frequency words, indicating that they were using phonological decoding strategies to recognize unfamiliar words. The size of this effect was correlated with measures of reading ability. However, we found no regularity effects on accuracy for high-frequency words or on response times for either word type, suggesting that even 8-year-old children are already relying predominantly on a direct lexical strategy in their silent reading of familiar words.
Statistical learning and dyslexia: a systematic review
Authors: Schmalz Xenia , Altoè Gianmarco , Mulatti Claudio
Published: September 2019

The existing literature on developmental dyslexia (hereafter: dyslexia) often focuses on isolating cognitive skills which differ across dyslexic and control participants. Among potential correlates, previous research has studied group differences between dyslexic and control participants in performance on statistical learning tasks. A statistical learning deficit has been proposed to be a potential cause and/or a marker effect for early detection of dyslexia. It is therefore of practical importance to evaluate the evidence for a group difference. From a theoretical perspective, such a group difference would provide information about the causal chain from statistical learning to reading acquisition. We provide a systematic review of the literature on such a group difference. We conclude that there is insufficient high-quality data to draw conclusions about the presence or absence of an effect.
Unpredictability and complexity of print-to-speech correspondences increase reliance on lexical processes: more evidence for the orthographic depth hypothesis
Authors: Schmalz Xenia , Beyersmann Elisabeth , Cavalli Eddy , Marinus Eva
Published: September 2019

The Orthographic Depth Hypothesis [Katz, L., & Frost, R. (1992). The reading process is different for different orthographies: The orthographic depth hypothesis. In R. Frost & L. Katz (Eds.), Orthography, phonology, morphology, and meaning (pp. 67–84). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science] proposes cross-linguistic differences in the involvement of lexical processing during reading. In orthographies with complex, inconsistent, and/or incomplete sublexical correspondences, decoding is more difficult and therefore slower. This gives more time to the lexical route to retrieve information, and leads to a greater ratio of lexical processing. We test whether this mechanism applies both for words with inconsistent (in English) and for words with complex (in French) correspondences. As complex correspondences are sufficient to derive a correct pronunciation, an increase in lexical processing may not occur. In a reading-aloud task, we used the frequency effect to measure lexical processing. The data showed stronger involvement of lexical processing for inconsistent compared to consistent words, and for complex compared to simple words. The results confirm that Katz and Frost’s proposed mechanism applies to different sources of orthographic depth.
ANALISIS TINGKAT PELAYANAN DAN KENYAMANAN JALUR PEDESTRIAN DI JALAN GAJAH MADA, DIPONEGORO DAN PAHLAWAN BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI PENGGUNA
Authors: Jihan Jelita Citrawati
Published: September 2019

Jalan Gajah Mada, Diponegoro dan Pahlawan merupakan kawasan yang memiliki tingkat keramaian yang tinggi karena adanya pusat kegiatan perdagangan, jasa dan perkantoran di Sidoarjo. Permasalah yang terjadi di jalan tersebut adalah banyaknya parkir liar dan rusaknya jalur pedestrian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi fisik jalur pedestrian, mengetahui tingkat pelayanan serta tingkat kenyamanan berdasarkan persepsi pengguna. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis LOS (Level Of Service) dan AHP (Analysis Hierarcy Process). Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara survey lapangan, sebar kuisioner dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah kondisi fisik jalur pedestrian di Jalan Gajah Mada, Diponegoro dan Pahlawan telah sesuai dengan pedoman. Jika ditinjau dari tingkat pelayanan Jalan Gajah Mada tergolong tingkat B, sedangkan Jalan Diponegoro dan Pahlawan tergolong tingkat pelayanan A. Para pengguna merasa aman dan nyaman saat berjalan di jalur pedestrian Jalan Gajah Mada, Diponegoro dan Pahlawan. Arahan pengembangan untuk jalur pedestrian berdasarkan hasil AHP yaitu alternatif 1 (satu) relokasi area parkir agar tidak menggunakan jalur pedestrian 40,8%, alternatif 2 (dua) Perbaikan kondisi fisik jalur pedestrian 42% dan alternatif 3 (tiga) Peningkatan keterseediaan elemen pendukung jalur pedestrian 17,2%.
Karakteristik Negara Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Ainun Mardiyah
Published: September 2019

Karakteristik negara Indonesia salah satunya ialah identitas negara Indonesia yang dapat membedakan negara Indonesia dengan negara lain yang ada di dunia.
Etnofarmakologi Tumbuhan Familia Asteraceae Di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat
Authors: Rizki Rizki , Fernando Oki , Nursyahra
Published: September 2019

Plants have been used by Indonesians since long time ago as materials for medical treatment, some of which belong to the Asteraceae family easy to find in the community's neighborhood, pharmacological effects make plants effective used to suppress certain pathogens. Until now some districts still use the plant as a material to cure various diseases so do the existing community in Kabupaten Pasaman, this study aims to determine utilization on various species of familia asteraceae that used for treatment. This research conducted direct survey to the research location by interviews with community and medical experts in the area. Based on research that has been done, found 11 species of plants from Familia asteraceae which used as a drug including 7 types of diseases could be cured including four diseases with a single treatment and 3 diseases with medicinal herbs with other plant species added
Measurement of the impact of orgasmic meditation on mystical experience
Authors: Siegel Vivian , Emmert-Aronson Benjamin
Published: September 2019

Using a validated and quantitative measure of mystical experience called the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30), we assessed whether and to what extent participants report mystical experiences during orgasmic meditation (OM), and to what extent that experience is correlated between the partners. In the first half of this study, we asked participants to complete the MEQ30 with a single powerful OM in mind. Respondents reported a moderate to strong mystical experience, with 62% of respondents reporting a “complete mystical experience,” with women having a slightly stronger response than men. In the second study, we asked experienced practitioners to complete the MEQ30 after their next OM. These respondents reported a moderate mystical experience, with 23% reporting a “complete mystical experience”. Intriguingly, we found strong relationships between MEQ total score and role (i.e., stroker or strokee), awg = .46, but a significantly stronger relationship between partners and MEQ total score, awg = .71, zdiff = 2.10, p = .04. Whether the brains of people who OM show similar activity changes to those having other mystical experiences awaits future study.
LexOPS: An R Package and User Interface for the Controlled Generation of Word Stimuli
Authors: Taylor Jack Edward , Beith Alistair , Sereno Sara C.
Published: September 2019

LexOPS is an R package and user interface designed to facilitate the generation of word stimuli for use in research. Notably, the tool permits the generation of suitably controlled word lists for any user-specified factorial design and can be adapted for use with any language. It features an intuitive graphical user interface, including the visualization of both the distributions within and relationships among variables of interest. An inbuilt database of English words is also provided, including a range of lexical variables commonly used in psycholinguistic research. This article introduces LexOPS, outlining the features of the package and detailing the sources of the inbuilt dataset. We also report a validation analysis, showing that, in comparison to stimuli of existing studies, stimuli optimised with LexOPS generally demonstrate greater constraint and consistency in variable manipulation and control. Current instructions for installing and using LexOPS are available at https://JackEdTaylor.github.io/LexOPSdocs/.
Left behind? Over-time change in the social mobility of children from unskilled working-class backgrounds in Germany
Authors: Betthäuser Bastian
Published: September 2019

Research on intergenerational social mobility tends to focus on examining the level of overall social fluidity in society. However, from a social justice perspective it can be argued that the type of social fluidity that matters most is upward mobility from the lowest rung of the social ladder. This article examines the labour market chances of children from parents in unskilled working-class positions, relative to children from skilled working-class and higher social class backgrounds, and how they have changed across four birth cohorts in post-WWII Germany. We find that individuals from unskilled working-class backgrounds have substantially lower labour market chances than individuals from skilled working-class backgrounds or higher social class backgrounds. Moreover, we find that the gap in labour market chances between indi- viduals from unskilled working-class backgrounds and individuals from more advantaged backgrounds has not narrowed but, if anything, has widened across the four birth cohorts we examine. Our results suggest that an important factor underlying this sustained labour market inequality is a persistently high level of educational inequality between these groups.
Minimum Muscular Fitness of Secondary Level Students
Authors: Bhatt Mahesh Datt , Datt Tara
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with the minimum muscular fitness of secondary level students of Birendranagar Municipality of Surkhet of Nepal. Two hundred fifty five secondary level students were tested with Kraus-Weber tests for their minimum muscular fitness. The age of the students  was thirteen to eighteen years. The results revealed that 71.03 percent boys and 62.73 percent girls had minimum muscular fitness. Among the tested subjects 35.94 percent Bhraman-Chhetri, 25.86 percent Janajati and31.89 percent Dalit did not have the minimum muscular fitness. Weakness plays a significant role than the flexibility not to gain minimum muscular fitness to the subjects.
Class and Culture: A Study of Social Dynamism
Authors: Thapa Dharma
Published: September 2019

The author of this article makes an attempt to explore how culture emerged and became a tool of perpetuating or resisting exploitative social order. An attempt has been made to show how, like capital, culture is produced by the working class but the exploiting class appropriates it and turns it against the interests of the producer. It also tries to show that, as a dynamic component of class struggle, the dominance of the capitalist culture can be challenged, resisted, and at times replaced by the culture of the dominated class.
A Simplified and Cheapest Method for the Diagnosis of Sickle Cell using Whole Blood PCR and RFLP in Nepal
Authors: Tripathi Giri Raj
Published: September 2019

Sickle cell anemia is a serious genetic health problem dominated in Tharu community of western Nepal. Molecular methods like PCR and RFLP are the best method to identify Sickle c ell anemia trait. Molecular analysis needed many steps and expensive chemicals and Kits. The aim of this research was to develop a simple and cheapest method to process from whole blood sample for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) without the use of expensive reagents and Kits. In this study molecular identification of sickle cell traits is subjects using whole blood PCR and RFLP were carried out. Venous blood samples collected from 800 individuals were provided by Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). All the obtained samples were frozen at –80°C, and then rapidly thawed at 37°C. Then the samples were transferred to 2 ml eppendrof tube and boiled for 10minutes in distilled water and centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 2 minute. The supernatant was then used directly for PCR and RFLP. For comparison, purified DNA from the QIAGEN genomic DNA extraction kit was used as control. PCR/RFLP results using the whole blood boiling method was qualitatively similar to DNA extracted by using commercial Kits. The research demonstrates that whole blood PCR and RFLP method is simple and cheaper way for molecular diagnosis of sickle cell traits in human.
Postmodernity and Late Capitalism: Reading of Anderson and Harvey
Authors: Koirala Saroj
Published: September 2019

This article deals with two pioneer scholars of postmodernism, David Harvey and Perry Anderson. The former disagrees with Jameson’s response to postmodern condition, and the latter concentrates on the economic and geopolitical conditions that have nurtured the idea and changes. However, both of them are aware of the totality of contemporary life. Postmodern condition, for Harvey, is dangerous as it avoids the issues of the realities of political economy and global power. He opines that capitalist response to 1973 economic crisis openly attacked the rigidity of Fordism,which consequently gave birth to the postmodern condition. Harvey perceives postmodernism as people’s aesthetic and cultural response to unprecedented. Though these critics adopt different approaches both agree with the claim that postmodern is encompassing the totality of our life experience. Finally, the article exemplifies how this generalization is working in popular Indian culture particularly focusing on Valentine Day celebration. The role played by Indian media has changed the society and culture which might be similar to Nepalese context. Thus, postmodern condition elaborated by Harvey and Anderson are not delimited to the first world but also seem relevant in the so called third world.
Impact of Earthquake on Tourism Sector in Nepal
Authors: Rijal Shiba Prasad
Published: September 2019

This paper aims at highlighting the impacts of catastrophic Gorkha earthquake of April 25, 2015 on tourism sector of Nepal and is based on secondary data collected through literature narratives from published and unpublished sources. The 7.6 magnitude earthquake struck a large part of central Nepal and heavily affected the tourism business and livelihoods based on tourism. The overall economic loss due to the earthquake was equivalent to US$ 7 billion, and the disaster effect on tourism sector was estimated at 81241 million, 11.5 percent of total. Of the total amount, 76 percent represents the value of destroyed physical assets, and 24 percent reflects the losses and higher costs of production of goods and services arising from the disaster. The impact of earthquake was clearly observed on tourist arrival. The inbound tourist arrival was below pre-earthquake levels even after nine months of the earthquake, and fell to a six-year low in 2015. The impact of earthquake on economy and livelihoods was enormous. The overall economy was almost paralyzed for a long time. The recovery and the development of tourism business are closely tied with the reinstating of important tourism infrastructure and facilities.
A Comparison Study of the Auditory P300 Results of Elderly Patients with Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Mongkalanantakul Noppamont , Lertsukprasert Krisna , Tiensuwan Montip
Published: September 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the auditory P300 results of elderly patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) before and after hearing aid use. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July, 2016 to April, 2017 at the Hearing Aid Clinic of Ramathibodi Hospital. Twenty-six elderly patients aged ≥60 with bilateral symmetrical SNHL who were referred for unilateral hearing aid fitting by otolaryngologist were included. The auditory P300 was recorded before and 2 months after hearing aid fitting. Results: The P300 waveforms, with a mean latency of 374.48 milliseconds and mean amplitude of 6.68 microvolts (µV), could be recorded in only 21 participants. At 2 months after hearing aid use, the mean P3 latency was 376.83 ms and mean amplitude was 8.77 µV. There was a statistically significant difference in amplitude of P300 2 months after hearing aid fitting (p-value=0.004). Conclusion: The auditory P300 results indicate an improvement in cognitive ability with higher amplitude. Thus, the P300 may be used to evaluate improvements in cognitive function after using a hearing aid. It can also be used as a guideline for explaining the benefits of hearing aid use to patients who initially rejected a hearing aid.
A review on the status of some major fish species in Lake Victoria
Authors: Outa Nicholas Otieno , Yongo Edwine , Keyombe Jameslast , David Namwaya
Published: September 2019

Lake Victoria, the second largest freshwater lake in the world supports a huge flora and fauna with a large human population around the Lake. The Lake is a source of food (fish), water for domestic use and crop and livestock production, transportation, tourism among others. Due to its varied uses, human intervention within the lake and its catchment has caused several ecological changes in the recent years with profound effects on the resource resources. One of the most notable change is the reduction and risk of extinction of some fish species, including the endemic tilapiine species (Oreochromis esculentus and O. variabilis), catfishes (Xenoclarias eupogon), haplochromines and cyprinids (Labeo victorianus and Barbus altinialis) within the lake. The reduction in biodiversity and extinctions within the lake has been ascribed to the introduction of alien fish species (Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) into the lake, habitat loss and the cultural eutrophication. These changes if left unchecked will have devastating effects on the lake’s resources and at large to people living around the lake and beyond who depend on the lake for their livelihood. There is, therefore, an urgent need for management measures based on sound scientific research to be taken in order to curb the loss of ichthyodiversity within the lake and to save livelihoods of the direct and indirect dependents of the lake