bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fungal Cellulases XI. The Nature of the Inductive Process for Aryl ?-Glucosidase in Stachybotrys Atra
Authors: Ermyn MAJ
Published: July 2016

The properties of the inductive process for the aryl F/.glucosidase of S. atra are described. The induction appears to be independent of growth, respiration, and the uptake of measurable quantities of inducer into the cell. There is a lag period in the induction, the length of which depends on the physiological history of the mould and the temperature of induction; the temperature effect appears to be governed by a process with activation energy of 16 kcal/mole. The amount of inducible enzyme for a given sample of the mould appears to be equal to that which would have eventually been produced "constitutively" at the end of the growth period. The induction is inhibited competitively by monoses; this effect is reversed competitively by 3�0-methyl glucose. 3-0-Methyl glucose has a con-siderable inducer activity in its own right, and also stimulates the inductive effect due to thioglucoside. The only other inhibitors found are streptomycin and S-aminoethyl-L-cysteine. The effect of the latter is reversed by DL-lysine. No other substance known or expected to have an effect on cellular protein-synthesizing systems inhibited the induction.
Temperature-Dependent Heterosis in Maize
Authors: Mcwilliam JR , Griffing B
Published: July 2016

The existence of temperature-dependent heterosis in maize and its contribution to hybrid vigour was investigated in controlled ,environments.
The Response to Artificial Selection Due to Autosomal Genes of Large Effect I. Changes in Gene Frequency at an Additive Locus
Authors: Latter BDH
Published: July 2016

In this series of papers, it is proposed to examine the theoretical consequences of the segregation of genes of large effect in populations under artificial selection. The problem of assigning selective values to the genotypes at such a locus is discussed in this paper, and the behaviour in large populations of an additive autosomal gene with two alleles is examined in detail.
Serum Transferrin D Alleles in Australian Cattle
Authors: Ashton GC
Published: July 2016

Transferrin phenotypes supporting the occurrence of two TiD alleles in cattle are illustrated. Segregation data and p:ene frequencies for five breeds for the two alleles TiD' and TiD' are presented.
The Use of Dimethyl Sulphoxide, Glycerol, and Reconstituted Skim Milk For The Preservation of Ram Spermatozoa I. The tonicity and toxicity of Dimethyl Sulphoxide and Reconstituted Skim Milk At 30 and 5°C
Authors: Jones RC
Published: July 2016

The viability of ram spermatozoa in milk and buffered saline diluents containing dimethyl sulphoxide and in milk diluents alone was investigated during incubation studies at 30 and 5�C. Dimethyl sulphoxide did not contribute to the tonicity of a diluent. Dimethyl sulphoxide (5% v/v) or glycerol in a diluent depressed spermatozoal activity during incubation at 30 or 5�C. Dimethyl sulphoxide retarded motility more than glycerol, especially with incubation at 5�C, whilst glycerol rendered a greater proportion of cells immotile than did dimethyl sulphoxide, this effect being significant only after incubation at 30�C.
The Use of Dimethyl Sulphoxide, Glycerol, and Reconstituted Skim Milk for the Preservation of Ram Spermatozoa II. The Influence of Diluent Composition and Processing Time During Freezing to ?79°C with Dimethyl Sulphoxide or Glycerol or Both Compounds
Authors: Jones RC
Published: July 2016

Reconstituted skim milk diluents containing dimethyl sulphoxide or glycerol or both substances were used to deep-freeze ra.m spermatozoa to -79�C. Very poor revival (less than 10%) followed freezing in dimethyl sulphoxide. Small improvements in revival were obtained by adding 2% (w/v) fructose to the diluent and shortening the equilibration time to 10 min before freezing. The inclusion of 1 . 5 % (v/v) dimethyl sulphoxide in a diluent containing 7% (vjv) glycerol improved revival.
Inflorescence Initiation In Lolium Temulentum l. VIII. Histochemical Changes At the Shoot Apex During Induction
Authors: Knox RB , Evans IT
Published: July 2016

Shoot apices of Lotium temulentum plants exposed to 1 long day were harvested at the beginning of the long day, and on each of the five following days. Longitudinal sections were stained for DNA (Feulgen), DNA and RNA (methyl greenpyronin or acridine orange fluorescence), or basic nuclear proteins (ammoniacal silver nitrate, fast green, or bromophenol blue, with or without acetylation or deamination).
Metabolic Effects on Ion Fluxes in Nitella Translucens I. Active Influxes
Authors: AC Macrobbie Enid
Published: July 2016

The effects, on the light-dependent active ion fluxes in Nitella translucen8, of interference with the normal patterns of photosynthetic electron flow and associated phosphorylation has been further studied. The results provide confirmatory evidence for the picture previously proposed.
The Electrical Measurement of Chloride Fluxes in Nitella
Authors: Mailman DS , JMullins I
Published: July 2016

The chloride efflux from cells of Nitella olavata at rest and during an action potential was continuously monitored by a Ag/AgGl electrode which measured the concentration of chloride in a thin film of solution flowing over the surface of the cell. Changes in the concentration of chloride subsequent to the passage of an action potential were followed and permitted calculation of the change in the flux of chloride ion across the cell membrane. The cell wall offers appreciable diffusion resistance to chloride ion, the effective diffusion constant being less than 1 % of chloride diffusion in free solution. Resting fluxes of chloride were measured in these cells and averaged 3 pmole/cm2 sec. The extra efflux of chloride during an action potential averaged 114 pmole/cm2 impulse.
The Carbohydrate Requirements for Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: A "Whole-Plant" Growth Analysis Approach
Authors: Gibson AH
Published: July 2016

An examination was made of the carbohydrate requirements for the establishment and function of the legume-root nodule symbiosis in Trifolium subterraneum L. The method adopted involved the use of relative growth rates in order to minimize the effect of time and initial differences in plant size. Essential factors in this approach were (i) that the nodulated plants and ammonium nitrate-supplied control plants assimilated nitrogen at the same relative rate, and (ii) that both sets of plants has similar initial photosynthetic capacity.
Isolation and Properties of a Dna-Containing Rod-Shaped Bacteriophage
Authors: Panter RA , Symons RH
Published: July 2016

A male-specific coliphage, designated AE2, has been isolated from Adelaide sewage. It is a flexible rod, about 8000 A in length and about 50 A in diameter, and was shown to be similar in most physical, chemical, and biological properties to those reported for bacteriophages fl, fd, and M13. The phage contains 14� 0% by weight of DNA which has a base composition (moles %) of gnanine = 21 %, adenine = 26%" cytosine = 21 % and thymine = 32%, and its sedimentation coefficient at zero concentration, sgo,w' is 43.
Heterosis and Selection in the Domestic Fowl
Authors: Morris JA , Binet FE
Published: July 2016

Hybrids, generated by crossing highly selected and mildly inbred strains from two distinct breeds (viz. Australorp and White Leghorn) of Gallus domesticus, showed appreciable hybrid vigour with respect to the trait used in the parental lines as selection criterion, and also with respect to certain other traits.
Influence of Sex on Selection II. Contributions of Autosomal Genotypes Having Different Values in the Two Sexes
Authors: Griffing B
Published: July 2016

Consequences of mass and general combining ability selection are examined for characteristics subject to the phenomenon of sex-influenced inheritance. This form of inheritance is due to autosomal genes whose expressions are different in the two sexes.
Relationship Between Cyclic Changes in the Hair Follicle and Sweat Gland Size in Cattle
Authors: Schleger AV
Published: July 2016

The morphology of hair follicles has been studied in 23 Africander-Hereford crossbred yearlings. Eleven hair growth phases were recognized as a result of work on two animals. The piloapocrine units representing each phase have been illustrated by tracings. The mean length, diameter, length-diameter ratio, and area of sweat glands corresponding to each phase have been tabulated and illustrated.
Fungal Cellulases XIV. The Synthesis of Pentafluorophenyl ?-D-Glucopyranoside and Its Interaction with ?-Glucosidase and the ?-Glucosidase Induction System in Stachybotrys Atra
Authors: Jermyn MA
Published: July 2016

A number of experiments showed no trace of any ability on the part of pentafluorophenyl ,B-glucoside to induce ,B-glucosidase formation. The results of a typical experiment in which this substance is compared with phenyl ,a-glucoside and ,B-thioglucoside are set out in Table 1. The limits of the concentration of putative
Effects of Day Length and Light Intensity on Growth of Barley V. Response by Plants in the Field to Night Interruption
Authors: Paleg LG , Aspinall D
Published: July 2016

Four varieties of barley (Prior, Noyep, CI 3576, and CI 5611) were grown in field plots and subjected to varying intensities of incandescent light as a 2-hr night interruption.
Comparative Effects of Ammonium or Sodium Added to Substrates Low in Calcium, on the Distribution of 45ca in Subterranean Clover
Authors: Millikan CR , Hanger BC
Published: July 2016

Ca was used in order to study the relative effects of adding either N a + or NHt to nutrient solutions which were either very deficient (Cal) or deficient (Ca2) in calcium on the distribution of calcium in subterranean clover grown therein. "Ca was added to the solutions at the commencement of the experiment, and plants were harvested 20, 30, and 40 days later. The distribution of ,sCa was studied by means of radioautographs and radioassays of selected tissues.
Factors Affecting the Metabolism of Acetate and Glucose by Ram and Bull Spermatozoa
Authors: Murdoch RN , White IG
Published: July 2016

The potassium and magnesium concentrations of the suspending medium influenced the relative ease with which ram spermatozoa oxidized acetate and glucose.
Effect of Casein, Lecithin, Glycerol, and Storage At 5°C on Diluted Ram and Bull Semen
Authors: O'shea T , Wales RG
Published: July 2016

The addition of casein and lecithin to a phosphate-saline diluent in which ram and bull spermatozoa were cooled to 5�C increased their subsequent viability at 37�C and the effects were additive. Casein and lecithin also increased the metabolism of fresh ram semen. After storage at 5�C, oxygen uptake and oxidation of lactate by ram and bull spermatozoa were lower than before storage. The decrease in the amount of fructose oxidized to carbon dioxide was greater.
Evidence for the Widespread Occurrence of Induced Respiration in Slices of Plant Tissues
Authors: Aprees T
Published: July 2016

Thin slices of a wide range of plant tissues developed increased rates of respiration when incubated in aerated distilled water at 26�0 for 24 hr. The increased respiration of slices of the flesh of pumpkin (Oucurbita pepo L.) fruit and celery (Apium graveolens L.) petiole was shown to resemble the induced respimtion of slices of underground storage organs. The increase in respiration rate was largely prevented in pumpkin and celery slices when they were incubated at 2�0, or in the absence of oxygen, or in chloramphenicol, or in 5-fluorouracil. In the same tissues the increased respiration was shown to be accompanied by marked increases in the rates of uptake and oxidation of exogenous glucose and by a lowering of the initial 0 6/01 ratios.
Behaviour of Flanking Markers in Allelic Crosses
Authors: Catcheside DG
Published: July 2016

The principles of analysis of the distributions of flanking markers amongst prototrophic recombinants arising from allelic auxotrophic differences are discussed. Considerable variations occur in the parameters which may be measured and also in the degree of agreement of criteria used to place allelic differences in order in fine structure maps. At least some of these variations appear likely to depend upon genetic differences affecting the mechanisms which result in genetic recombination and the mechanisms which control their activity. An approach to a quantitative theory of the distribution of flanking markers is suggested.
Sex-Linked and Maternal Effects in the Diallel Cross
Authors: Eisen EJ , Bohren BB , Mckean HE
Published: July 2016

The diallel cross has been used frequently in plant experiments to partition the genetic variation into general and specific combining abilities of inbred lines. The statistical models developed for analysis of diallel crosses in plants have been used in a number of studies of diallel crosses in mammals and poultry, without due consideration to the presence and effect of the sex chromosomes.
The Transport of Spermatozoa in the Rabbit Doe Before and After Ovulation
Authors: Turnbull KE
Published: July 2016

The number of spermatozoa in the fallopian tubes and in the uterus was recorded at 2, 3, and 4 hr P08t coitum (p.c.) in two groups of rabbits mated about 10 hr before (group A) or about 3 hr after ovulation (group B). Mean numbers of spermatozoa recovered from the fallopian tubes 2, 3, or 4 hr after mating tended to be greater in group B than in group A (P < O� 4, P < 0 '1, and P < 0'4, respectively). However, the ratio of the number of spermatozoa in the fallopian tubes to the number in the uterus was significantly higher in group B than in group A animals (P < 0'001); In rabbits killed 2 hr p.c., four of the six in group B but none of the six in group A had spermatozoa in the ampullae of the fallopian tubes. The results indicate that the rate of spermatozoan transport in the mated female is higher after than before ovulation.
The Preparation of the A and B Chains from Reduced and S-Carboxymethylated Beef Insulin
Authors: Thompson EOP , O'donnell IJ
Published: July 2016

The A and B chains of reduced and S-carboxymethylated insulin have been prepared in a pure state by two procedures.
Quantitative Studies of Root Development II. Growth in the Early Stages of Development
Authors: May LH , H Randles Fay , Aspinall D , Paleg LG
Published: July 2016

A method has been developed for automatic scanning of plant roots to record accurately and with good resolution sites of uptake and accumulation of radioactively labelled nutrients. This technique was applied to a comparison of phosphate uptake by excised and attached wheat roots. In periods of 2 and of 15 min attached roots absorbed 40-60% more phosphate than did roots excised immediately prior to uptake. These differences could not be ascribed to transpiration nor to translocation in whole plants and hence rapid physiological changes upon excision are suggested. The lower uptake of excised roots occurred in both the apical and the mid-root portions.
The Components of Leaf Water Potential I. Osmotic and Matric Potentials
Authors: Warren Wilson J , Rose CW
Published: July 2016

Osmotic potential ('IT) resulting from solutes should be distinguished from matric potential (T) resulting from adsorption by the tissue matrix. The usual methods of measuring so�called "osmotic potential" actually give not only 'IT but also part or all of T.
The Components of Leaf Water Potential II. Pressure Potential and Water Potential
Authors: Warren Wilson J
Published: July 2016

The relation between the relative water content (R) and the pressure potential can be expressed through the coefficient of enlargement (e). The assumption that e does not vary with R is for many leaves a useful first approximation even when R is so low that pressure potential is negative. e is estimated at between 7 and 84 bars for various leaf types.
Electrophoretic Properties of Fast- and Slow-Growing Species of Rhizobium
Authors: Marshall KC
Published: July 2016

The electrophoretic mobility of Rhizobium trifolii strain TAl was relatively constant during the early and late phases of growth, but exhibited a temporary sharp increase in the late logarithmic--early stationary phase. The electrophoretic behaviour of slow-growing species of Rhizobium was characterized by zero mobility at pH 2� 0, and a constant negative mobility between pH 4�0 and 10�7. In contrast, all fast-growing strains, except R. trifolii TAl, exhibited slight positive mobility at pH 2� 0, a constant negative mobility between pH 4�0 and 9� 2, and a marked increase in mobility between pH 9�2 and 10�7. These results suggest that the surfaces of the slow-growing bacteria and strain TAl contain only acidic (carboxyl) groups, whereas those of the fast�growing strains contain a predominance of acid groups along with some basic (amino) groups.
A Multilayered Secondary Wall in Fibres of Eucalyptus Obliqua L'hérit.
Authors: Skene DS
Published: July 2016

The secondary cell wall structure most commonly found in fibres and tracheids consists of three layers, as first proposed by Bailey and Kerr (1935) and recently reviewed by Wardrop (1964). The thin outermost and innermost layers, the S1 and Sa layers respectively, are characterized by the microfibrils being aligned at a large angle to the fibre axis. Between these two layers there is another, the S2layer, in which the microfibrils are aligned at a small angle to the fibre axis. These layers can be readily distinguished using a polarizing microscope, the S1 and Sa layers appearing bright and the S2 layer dark in transverse sections.
Respiration of Leaves During Photosynthesis II. Effects on the Estimation of Mesophyll Resistance
Authors: Lake JV
Published: July 2016

Neglect of respiration has led to errors in estimation of the mesophyll resistance to CO2 transport. All current methods lead to overestimation if an increase in photosynthesis is accompanied by an immediate increase in respiration, but two methods are valid if the respiration rate remains constant. An improved method is proposed, in which air of known CO2 content is made to pass through the leaf.
The Uptake of Sucrose by Bean Leaf Tissue II. Kinetic Experiments
Authors: Vickery RS , Mercer FV
Published: July 2016

Leaf tissue of Phaseolus vulgari8 takes up sucrose from external solutions by two processes. The first is an osmotic uptake into the free space. The second is a non-osmotic uptake into the osmotic volume. The kinetics of the non-osmotic uptake, from solutions less concentrated than 0 �lM, fit the Michaelis-Menton equation. The tissue can accumulate sucrose against its concentration gradient from solutions less concentrated than 0 �lM. There is no significant efflux of sucrose from the tissue. The correlation of the rate of carbon dioxide droduction with the internal sucrose concentration suggests that part, at least, of the cytoplasm is included in the osmotic volume for sucrose.
Susceptibility of the Juvenile Leaves of Eucalyptus Bicostata Maiden Et Al. To Infection by Phaeoseptoria Eucalypti (Hansf.) Walker
Authors: Heather WA
Published: July 2016

The removal of the waxy coating from the surfaces of juvenile leaves of Eucalyptus bicostata Maiden et al. seedlings, by wiping lightly with cotton wool, greatly increased the infection of these leaves by water-dispersed spores of Phaeoseptoria eucalypti (Hansf.) Walker. The susceptibility of the juvenile leaves of E. bicostata seedlings to Phaeoseptoria leaf spot increased with physiological age but was apparently unaffected by the age of the seedling at the time the leaf was formed. Juvenile leaves of twin cuttings of E. bicostata, grown on a high-nutrient substrate, were more susceptible to Phaeoseptoria leaf spot than comparable leaves of twin cuttings grown on a low�nutrient medium.
Carbon Dioxide Limitations of Plant Growth in Tube Culture, with Special Reference to Legume-Nodulation Studies
Authors: Gibson AH
Published: July 2016

Selection has been practised in scute lines for increased number of scutellar bristles. The substitution of sc+ into these lines showed that the selection in scute had correlated effects on the number of extrascutellar bristles in wild-type. Crosses between scute and wild-type selection lines show that selection for extrascutellar bristles in wild-type has a correlated effect on the number of scutellar bristles in 8cute. This correlation is not complete; one component of the genetic system controlling the occurrence of extrascutellars doeR not have concomitant effects on the number of scutellar bristles in scute.
A Study of Electrograms Recorded from the Conus Arteriosus of an Elasmobranch Heart
Authors: Tebecis AK
Published: July 2016

The distribution pattern of abdominal microchaetae on the second and third tergites was examined in wild�type and 8cute Drosophila melanogaster. Scute was found to alter the pattern on each tergite, as well as bristle number and bristle density. An explanation of these results is given in terms of a prepattern-precursor complex involving competition among potential bristle-producing cells.
Ultrastructure and Differentiation in Chara Sp. II. Mitosis
Authors: Pickett-Heaps JD
Published: July 2016

The ultrastructure of some dividing cells of Chara are described. No centrioles have ever been detected in vegetative cells. Asymmetric cell division, forming a predetermined pattern of cells, was apparently not preceded by any characteristic grouping of cell organelles. The nucleoli became dispersed during pre-prophase, and most of the nucleolar material appeared intimately associated with the chromosomes throughout division, although some seemed excluded from the nucleus at late telophase. Polar zones of endoplasmic reticulum were formed in early prophase, and attachment of microtubules to daughter chromosomes slightly preceded the formation of a very precisely aligned metaphase plate. The chromosome arms were also apparently all aligned in the plane of this plate.
The Transfer of Zinc from the Blood to the Rumen in Sheep
Authors: Weston RH , Kastelic J
Published: July 2016

65Zn was found to be present in rumen digesta after a single dose of 65ZnCl2 was administered intravenously; the maximum level was reached approximately 3 days after the dose was given. After a single dose of 65ZnCh was administered intraruminally, 65Zn disappeared exponentially from the rumen, the time taken for the quantity present in the rumen to halve being 0�6-0�7 days. It was calculated that in 7 days following intravenous injections of 65ZnC12, 1-2% of the injected dose was transferred to the rumen; transfer appeared to take place through the rumen epithelium as well as via saliva.
Action of Dinitrophenyl Amino Acids on Skeletal Muscle Proteins. I. Weak and Strong Absorption of Bis(Dinitrophenyl)Lysine and Bis(Dinitrophenyl)Ornithine by Myosin
Authors: Burley RW , Jackson WJH , P Robertson Jean
Published: July 2016

Below about 15�C in high ionic strength (0'5) phosphate buffer at neutral pH, the coloured compound bis(2,4.dinitrophenyl)-L-lysine (abbreviation bis-DNPlysine) was slowly but extensively absorbed from solution by rabbit skeletal muscle myosin. The absorption equations of Scatchard and of Klotz were not obeyed, thus suggesting that absorption did not involve independent sites. At higher temperatures, or if the myosin sulphydryl groups had been blocked with p-chloromercuribenzoate, absorption increased, often by as much as fivefold, and, moreover, a part of the absorbed bis-DNP-Iysine, probably corresponding to the "precipitation resistant" absorption reported previously, was strongly retained. Total absorption ofb~s-DNPlysine by myosin decreased slightly with increasing pH. At low temperatures bis-DNP-Iysine treatment induced the formation of small aggregates of myosin.
An Anatomical Investigation into the Effects of Gibberellic Acid on the Expansion of Callitriche Shoots
Authors: Wong CH , Mccomb AJ
Published: July 2016

After treatment with gibberellic acid, internodes of floating Oallitriche shoots expand prematurely and achieve greater final lengths than corresponding untreated internodes. Examination of macerated, fully expanded internodes revealed that increased internode lengths could be attributed to increased cell lengths. However, during the early stages of expansion there were increases in the number of mitotic figures and in the number of cells, as revealed in sectioned apices and macerated internodes. Premature expansion was accounted for by increases in both cell length and cell number. Starch loss occurred during expansion, and this was more marked in gibberellic acid-treated tissue. There was an increase in the number of chloroplasts in treated cells. Gibberellic acid did not affect the number of chromosomes observed during division, nor the size of nuclei in mature cells. Binucleate cells were not observed.
Genetic and Cytogenetic Studies of Stem Rust, Leaf Rust, and Powdery Mildew Resistances in Hope and Related Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Mcintosh RA , Luig NH , Baker EP
Published: July 2016

Three linked genes responsible for resistance respectively to stem rust, to leaf rust, and to powdery mildew are located on chromosome 7B of Hope wheat. The gene for stem rust resistance, operative in seedling and adult plant stages, is recessive and is designated Br17. The incompletely dominant gene for resistance to leaf rust, designated Lr14, showed 18% recombination with sr17, whilst in two different crosses recombination estimates of 6�0 and 2�5%, respectively, were obtained for the recessive gene for mildew resistance and Br17. All three genes were found to be present in a high proportion of Hope and H�44 derivatives. The gene Br 1'7 is apparently ineffective in conferring resistance to North American and pre.1954 Australian stem rust strains. Its incorporation into several cultivars selected for resistance to these strains presumably resulted from gene interactions or linkage with genes for resistance to other diseases.
Studies of the Distribution and Source of Enzymes in Mammalian Semen
Authors: Murdoch RN , White IG
Published: July 2016

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamateoxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and acid and alkaline phosphatase are present in ram, bull, dog, rabbit, and human semen but the concentrations differ from one species to another. Amylase is found in the semen of all these species except the ram, and glucose�6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GDH) in all except the bull.
Effects of Temperature Gibberellic Acid and Indolylacetic Acid on Root and Shoot Growth of Cutting From Podocarpus Lawrencei Hook F
Authors: Khan AG
Published: July 2016

It has been shown (Khan 1967) that roots of Podocarpus produce nodules under sterile conditions, thus proving that nodule production is a normal feature of the root system and is not induced by the presence of any microoorganism.
Methionyl Sequences in Low-Sulphur Proteins of Wool
Authors: Hosken R , Moss BA , O'donnell IJ , Thompson EOP
Published: July 2016

In the protein fractions extracted from reduced and carboxymethylated wool methionine occurs mainly in the low-sulphur protein fraction (S-carboxymethylkerateine, SCMKA) (Crewther et al. 1965). There are two major components (components 7 and 8) in this fraction and evidence for three methionyl sequences, namely -Met-Glu(NH2)-, -Met-Ala-, and -Met-Asp-, was obtained by estimations of N-terminal groups following cyanogen bromide cleavage (Thompson and O'Donnell 1967).
Sowbane Mosaic Virus Infecting Chenopodium Trigonon in Queensland
Authors: Teakle DS
Published: July 2016

A virus isolated from fish weed (0. trigonon Roem. & Schult.) in Queensland has been shown to produce symptoms, have a host range, and have physical properties similar to those of sowbane mosaic virus (SMV). Further, the virus reacted specifically with an antiserum produced against a known strain of SMV. This appears to be the first report of the natural occurrence of SMV in Australia.
Ultrastructure and Differentiation in Chara (Fibrosa) IV. Spermatogenesis
Authors: Pickett-Heaps JD
Published: July 2016

Spermatogenesis in Ohara is described at the ultrastructural level. A large nwnber of mitoses form spermatogenous threads, derived from the capitula inside the antheridiwn. Centrioles appear in the spermatogenous cells early as indistinct organelles that quickly become conspicuous. There is some evidence for the existenc of a procentriole. Centrioles are subsequently associated in a normal fashion with the mitotic spindle. Intracellular differentiation commences after mitosis ceases. The nucleus moves to one side of the cell; a flat band of manchette microtubules is soon formed near it. The microtubules, which increase in nwnber and elongate considerably, are inserted at one end into (and possibly extruded from) a densely staining, homogeneous inclusion, termed the manchette adjunct, which appears close to the centrioles. The centrioles, connected together by a spindle-shaped ciliary rootlet structure, move to the edge of the cell and start extruding flagella, which are covered in scales; another organelle, termed the vesicular adjunct and of unknown significance, appears near these centrioles. The manchette grows in length, and so asswnes a spiral course in the cell; plastids then line up along the microtubules next to the nucleus. While still interconnecting cells, the cytoplasm shrinks steadily. With further elongation of the manchette, the flagella apparatus moves away from the nucleus, and mitochondria also line up along the manchette tubules between them. Lipid (?) bodies move near the plastids, which steadily accumulate starch. Golgi bodies show marked structural changes during differentiation; they are initially associated with a profusion of various vesicles, and later lose their identity, as does the endoplasmic reticulwn which earlier interconnected cells through plasmadesmata. The nucleolus disappears, and later chromatin condensation gives the elongating nucleus an increasingly lamellate structure; finally these lamellae fuse to form a dense homogeneous nucleus. The cytoplasm continues to shrink, eliminating almost all cell organelles. The mature spermatozoid, tightly coiled in the cell, finally contains plastids and (lipoid) inclusions at one end, next to the dense, elongate nucleus, with linearly arranged mitochondria at the other end, and flagella inserted above the mitochondria. Manchette microtubules run the length of the organism as a flat band opposed to the nucleus and plastids, and finally as a tubular sheath partly enclosing the mitochondria. Four other tubules, possibly derived from a ciliary root structure, are also close to the mitochondria. The flagella are quite long by this stage. The observations are discussed in terms of the functions of cell organelles. In particular, it is suggested that centriolar movement in mitosis may be only one example of everal morphogenic movements associated with microtubule organization; their unction is in flagella formation, and not in synthesis of spindle, manchette, or other ytoplasmic microtubules.
Tempreature Tolerance of Cultured Amphibian Cells in Relation to Latitudinal Distribution of Donors
Authors: M Stephenson Elsie
Published: July 2016

Whole-organ and chopped-tissue explants from 4 genera and 7 species of Australian leptodactylids were incubated at temperatures ranging from 4 to 41�0. The donors were obtained from one of three latitudes, approximately 19�5., 34�S., or 43�S. Intraspecific comparison of temperature tolerance was provided by tissues of Limnodynastes tasmaniensis from both 19�5. and 34�S.
The Transport of Cations By Ram and Bull Spermatozoa
Authors: Quinn PJ , White IG
Published: July 2016

There were no significant changes in the sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium ion concentrations of ram or bull spermatozoa when the neat semen was incubated at 37�C for several hours.
Immunological Studies on Wool Proteins
Authors: Frater R
Published: July 2016

Immunological methods were used to study the heterogeneity of a major low-sulphur protein isolated from wool. Rabbit antiserum to the purified protein was prepared and by the use of double diffusion in agarose gels, considerable heterogeneity of the protein was demonstrated.
The Effects of Salts on the Stability of the Collagen Helix Under Acidic Conditions
Authors: FW oodlock Anne , Harrap BS
Published: July 2016

In the acid pH region, the relative effects of various salts on the thermal stability of the collagen helix are quite different from their effects at neutral pH. The magnitude of the decrease in thermal stability brought about by the salts studied depends mainly on the nature and concentration of the anion and very little on the nature of the cation, whereas at neutral pH the nature of both anions and cations affects the collagen helix stability, the effects of the two ions being roughly additive. The magnitude of the effect of salts at acid pH is much greater than that at neutral pH whereas for a non-ionized denaturant, urea, the magnitudes at both neutral and acid pH are similar. The data are discussed in terms of possible interactions between salts and the positively charged protein with particular consideration of the effects of salts on the pKa of protein carboxyl groups.
The Bolting and Flowering of Chondrilla Juncea L. as Influenced by Temperature and Photoperiod
Authors: H Caso O , Kefford NP
Published: July 2016

O. juncea plants were grown in a variety of controlled conditions to determine effects of temperature, photoperiod, and gibberellic acid treatment on stem elongation (bolting) and flowering.
Observations on Gas Exchange in the Developing Sultana Berry
Authors: Kriedemann PE
Published: July 2016

In its early phases of growth the grape berry, although lacking stomata, shows measurable photosynthetic activity. There also exists a capacity for dark C02 fixation following a period of illumination and a relatively high rate of dark respiration (expressed as 02 uptake) with a respiratory quotient which is less than unity. Oxygen uptake can be completely arrested by illumination.
Male Sterility in Mice Homozygous for the Tw2 Allele
Authors: JOHNSTON PG
Published: July 2016

The causes of sterility in males homozygous for the male sterile viable tw2 allele were investigated. The numbers, motility, and morphology of sperm from sterile andfertile males in the vas deferens, and in the uterus and fallopian tubes of females inseminated by these males were examined.
Swat Glant and Hair Follicle Measurements as Indicators of Skin Type in Cattle
Authors: Mcewan Jenkinson D , Nay T
Published: July 2016

An attempt has been made to find a suitable indicator of skin type which could be used for comparing the skin of cattle throughout the world. The effects of age, sex, and habitat on a number of skin measurements were studied. The influence of nutrition and of season and exercise on these measurements is discussed and within� animal regional differences are considered. It was concluded that sweat gland shape, which was defined as the ratio of sweat glartd length to sweat gland diameter, is a reliable indicator of cattle skin type when measured on skin samples from the neck or midside of adult cattle. Other skin measurements, such as hair follicle depth, may also prove useful under more restricted conditions and in the subclassification' of the skin type based on sweat gland shape.
Comparative Studies of Lipid Metabolism in Zebu and British Cattle in a Tropical Environment. I. Plasma Lipid Levels of Grazing Cattle
Authors: O'kelly JC
Published: July 2016

Plasma lipids have been studied in 77 British (Hereford and Shorthorn), 23 rahman, 63 Brahman X British, 35 Africander, and 182 Africander X British grazing cattle. Cholesterol, phospholipid, and total lipid levels were significantly (P < 0�001) higher in Zebu breeds than in British breeds. The proportion of cholesterol present in the free state was relatively constant and given by the regression equation:
Distribution of Soluble Proteins and Enzymes During Early Development of Pisum Sativum
Authors: Mills AK , Crowden RK
Published: July 2016

Changes in soluble protein and in peroxidase, esterase, and amylase enzymes during development of the pea plant (P. sativum) have been investigated using a horizontal method of acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both qualitative and quantitative variation between organs at different stages of physiological development are recorded.
Saprophytic Survival of Ophiobolus Graminis on Various Hosts
Authors: Chambers SC , Flentje NT
Published: July 2016

Survival of Ophiobolus graminis on artificially infected straw of several hosts was studied under field and laboratory conditions over a period of 24 weeks. Survival, estimated by percentage of straws containing viable hyphae of O. graminis, was greater on barley than on wheat, Hordeum leporinum, Lolium rigidum, and Vulpia myuros. Survival was higher under laboratory than summer field conditions, and in the field was greater at 1 than at 6 in. below the surface; survival was increased under laboratory conditions by nitrate enrichment of soil
Selection in Reference to Biological Groups II. Consequences of Selection in Groups of One Size When Evaluated in Groups of a Different Size
Authors: Griffing B
Published: July 2016

Consequences of individual and group selection are examined for the case in which selection operates with regard to groups of one size and its effects are measured with regard to groups of a different size. In such a situation neither selection procedure can ensure that positive selection will result in a non-negative change in the population mean.
Relative Fitness of a Third Chromosome Inversion in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Nassar RF
Published: July 2016

Experiments with D. melanogaster were conducted to obtain information on the relative fitness of the structural heterozygote of a third chromosome inversion, n (3R)P, in five different genetic backgrounds.
Sex and Selection for A Quantitative Character in Drosophila. I.Single-Sex Selection
Authors: Frankham R
Published: July 2016

Selection for abdominal bristle number was done in six lines, three with selection in females only and three in males only_ Selection was equally effective (for a given selection differential) when carried out in either sex, even though more than one-third of the additive genetic variation was sex linked_ Most response in a given sex was found in the treatment selected in that sex. Relaxed lines failed to show fluctuating scores in the two sexes as predicted by Griffing (1965). Epistatic decay may have masked these effects.
Studies of Dormancy in the Seeds of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterraneum L.)
Authors: Ballard LAT , Grant Lipp AE
Published: July 2016

When imbibed dormant subterranean clover seeds were exposed to low concentrations of oxygen for up to 6 days, and then transferred to either air or 100% oxygen atmospheres, germination was markedly increased above that of seeds held only in air. Stimulation of germination was similar whether the atmosphere of the second phase was air or 100% oxygen; it was maximal when that of the first phase contained no oxygen, and became insignificant above concentrations in the region of 5% oxygen. The additional germination was roughly proportional to the duration of exposure to low oxygen concentrations, and the effects of two separated exposures to low oxygen were additive. These effects could be produced only in those dormant samples whose seeds or embryos could also be made germinable by exposure to 2�5% carbon dioxide. At higher temperatures, anaerobic conditions were less effective in breaking dormancy, paralleling the reduced efficacy of carbon dioxide at these temperatures.
Translocation and Remobilization of 14c Assimilated At Different Stages by Each Leaf of the Wheat Plant
Authors: Rawson HM , Hofstra G
Published: July 2016

The movement of 14C assimilated by each leaf of the wheat plant was studied at successive stages of development from sowing to maturity. At each occasion assimilate moved to all parts of the plant but was translocated preferentially to the sink closest to the assimilating leaf. The function of supplying the developing leaves passed successively from expanded leaf to expanded leaf as the plant grew. Apart from this temporary phase of supplying the developing leaves, each exporting leaf fed in a specific direction with the lower leaves exporting downwards to the tillers and roots, and the upper leaves supplying the stem and ear. The tillers in this study never became completely independent from the main stem and, during the later stages of growth, a significant amount of 14C moved from the lower leaves of the main stem and was incorporated in the tiller ears.
Effects of Extending the Day Length With Low-Intensity Light on the Growth of Wheat and Cocks Foot
Authors: Hofstra G , JA Ryle G , Williams RF
Published: July 2016

Extending the photoperiod with low-intensity light increased the yield and net assimilation rate (EA) of wheat.
Factors Affecting Viability of Spore Inoculum In Peronospora Tabagina Adam and Lesion Production In tobacco Plants
Authors: Hill AV
Published: July 2016

Spores of P. tabacina lose viability when in low concentrations in water. The most rapid rate of loss, from 99 to 50% germination in 3 hr, was at 15 and 20�C followed by decreasing rates for 10, 30, 5, and 25�C in that order. At 37�5 and 35�C a few spores survived for 30-60 min.
Effect of Subdermal Pressure on the Skin and Its Appendages in the Sheep
Authors: Jolly M , Lyne AG
Published: July 2016

A method was devised by means of which pressure in an outward direction could be exerted on the undersurface of the skin. In each of two sheep (one black, one white) a Perspex disk was inserted subdermally and connected by means of a pin projecting through the skin to a spring supported on a light tower on the animal's back. The device was well tolerated and a pedicle of skin was formed during a period of some months. Macroscopically, there was no change in the skin or wool which showed normal growth, colour, and crimping. No obvious shedding of the fibres occurred.
Enhanced Heterosis and Stability in the Growth of An Interspecific Phalaris Hybrid at High Temperature
Authors: Mcwilliam JR , Latter BDH , JMathison M
Published: July 2016

Interspecific hybrids between a range of ecotypes of Phalaris tuberosa and Phalaris arundinacea were grown with the parental species in controlled environments over a range of temperatures from 10 to 35�C.
Effects of Temperature On Growth and Nutrient Uptake In Subterranean Clover During Recovery From Phosphorus Stress
Authors: Bouma D , Dowling EJ
Published: July 2016

Subterranean clover plants (Trifolium 8ubterraneum L., cv. Mt. Barker) were grown in nutrient solutions with a deficient and an optimum phosphorus supply in three temperature regimes (27�0 day/22�0 night, 21/16�0, and 15/10�0). They were then transferred to full nutrient solutions (optimum phosphorus) and plants from each pretreatment grown for a further 7 days in each of the three temperature regimes.
Interaction Between Calcium Level and Nitrogen Source on Growth and 45ca Distribution In Subterranean Clover
Authors: Millikan CR , Hanger BC , Bjarnason EN
Published: July 2016

Using either ammonium or nitrate as the nitrogen sources, dry matter yields were highest from plants grown on a normal calcium nutrition, whereas plants supplied with urea grew best at low calcium level. When ammonium and nitrate were added together, yields were independent of the calcium concentration in the substrate. Plants fed solely ammonium nitrogen made extremely poor growth.
Cytokinins as Endogenous Growth Regulators in the Algae Ecklonia (Phaeophyta) and Hypnea (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Jennings RC
Published: July 2016

Cytokinin activity was detected in extracts prepared from Ecklonia radiata (Phaeophyta) and Hypnea musciformis (Rhodophyta), and was associated with chromatogram bands which appeared to contain purine. Kinetin, a cytokinin with a purine ring system, stimulated growth in cultured plants of the same species. It is concluded that cytokinins are normally involved in regulating growth in these algae. On the basis of this and other evidence, it is suggested that plant growth regulators of the auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin type may have arisen early in plant evolution.
Observations on the Development and Struoture of the Vitelline Membrane of the Hen's Egg: An Eleotron Miorosoope Study
Authors: M Bain Joan , M Hall Janice
Published: July 2016

Stages in the development of the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of a hen's egg have been observed in an egg found in the infundibulum of a sacrificed White Leghorn hen. Tissue from the infundibulum and the underlying egg yolk material was taken at increasing distances from the upper end of the egg and the relationship between the secretory cells of the infundibulum and the vitelline mem-brane observed. The structure of the vitelline membrane in ova just liberated from the ovary and not yet in the oviduct and that of the vitelline membrane in new-laid eggs from other White Leghorn hens were observed for comparison.
Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Mice Moved to 21°C after 10 Generations at 34°C
Authors: R Pennycuik Pamela
Published: July 2016

The effects of maintaining mice for 10 generations at 34�C were measured by comparing the reproductive productivity, growth rate, oxygen consumption, hair growth, density of the subepidermal capillary net, and frequency of the pink-eye gene in mice selected for productivity at 34�C (R95), the same mice moved to 21�C (L95), controls at 21�C (R70), and offspring of crosses between R95 and R70 mice and an unrelated stock (Wild) kept at 21�C (W95 and W70)_
Interactions Between Oestradiol 3,17ß and Progesterone on the Induction and Growth of Deciduomata in Ovariectomized Mice
Authors: Humphrey KW
Published: July 2016

The hormonal control of uterine sensitivity in progesterone-treated, ovariectomized mice was investigated by stimulating the deciduoma reaction by various means. Uterine sensitivity reached a peak on day 5 of progesterone treatment and then declined. Oestradiol before and after stimulation significantly increased the weight of the deciduomata induced by crushing, bradykinin, and compound 48/80 and increased uterine sensitivity so that intraluminal peanut oil could induce deciduomata. A single injection of 0�024 fJ-g of oestradiol 8 hr before intraluminal peanut oil also greatly increased uterine receptivity to oil. The dose of oestradiol and the time of injection of oestradiol and progesterone were critical parameters. Surprisingly, the hormonal requirements for uterine sensitivity to intraluminal peanut oil are more stringent than for transferred blastocysts.
The Growth and Composition of Wool V. Stimulation of Wool Growth by the Abomasal Administration of Varying Amounts of Casein
Authors: Reis PJ
Published: July 2016

In a series of five experiments, varying amounts of casein (60~200 gjday) were given to sheep, in the diet or via the abomasum, as supplements to various diets at several levels of intake (400~1200 gjday). Effects on growth rate and sulphur content of wool and on body weight were investigated.
Physiological Studies on Dormancy in Cape Tulip
Authors: Taylor BK
Published: July 2016

A high proportion of cormils of the two� leaved species of the weed, Cape tulip, showed long-term dormancy, and e.xperiments showed that this dormancy is not due to a high level of endogenous growth inhibitors but is due to physical factors associated with the presence of intact cormil coats. Dormancy is broken if the thin and papery inner cormil coat is ruptured, and observations suggest that this coat is impermeable to water and probably oxygen and carbon dioxide as well. The outer cormil coat is not impermeable to these substances but is thick and heavily lignified and thus protects the fragile inner coat.