bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ore Genesis and the Magmatism of the Yuhaixi Mo(Cu) Deposit in Eastern Tianshan, NW China: Constraints from Geology, Geochemistry, Zircon U-Pb and Molybdenite Re-Os Dating
Authors: Wang Di , Xue Chunji , Zhao Yun , Li Chao , Xi Binbin , Yang Yang , Tian Qinglei , Kang Xunshan , Wu Xing
Published: October 2023

The Yuhaixi Mo(Cu) deposit is a new discovery in the eastern section of the Dananhu-Tousuquan island arc, Eastern Tianshan. However, the genesis of the Yuhaixi Mo(Cu) deposit is still not fully understood. The Yuhaixi intrusion is composed of monzonitic granites, diorites, granites, and gabbro dikes, among which disseminated or veinlet Mo and Cu mineralization is mainly hosted by the monzonitic granites. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yields emplacement ages of 359.4 ± 1.6 Ma for the monzonitic granite, 298.8 ± 1.8 Ma for the diorite, and 307.0 ± 2.3 Ma for the granite. The Re-Os dating of molybdenite hosted by monzonitic granite yields a well-constrained 187Re-187Os isochron age of 354.1 ± 6.8 Ma (MSWD = 1.7) with a weighted average age of 344.5 ± 3.1 Ma. The Mo mineralization is closely associated with the Yuhaixi monzonitic granite. The Yuhaixi monzonitic granite rocks are characterized by high silica (SiO2 > 70 wt.%), low MgO (0.23–0.36), Ni, Cr contents, and they are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs: e.g., K, Ba, Pb and Sr), and depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high field-strength elements (HFSEs: e.g., Nb, Ta and Ti). They are weak peraluminous and have high εHf(t) (11.37–17.59) and εNd(t) (1.36–7.75) values, and varied initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7037–0.7128) values. The Yuhaixi post-ore granites exhibit similar geochemical and isotopic signatures to the Yuhaixi monzonitic granite. These characteristics suggest that the Yuhaixi felsic rocks are likely sourced from the partial melting of the juvenile lower crust. The Yuhaixi diorite has low SiO2, and K2O contents, relatively high Na2O, MgO (Mg# = 45–53) contents, and depletions in HFSE (e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti). These geochemical features, coupled with isotopic data such as low initial 87Sr/86Sr (≤0.7043), high εNd(t) (2.5 to 3.0) and εHf(t) (≥11.6) values, and young Hf model ages, suggest that their parental magmas possibly originated from the partial melting of the depleted lithospheric mantle that was metasomatized by hydrous melts or fluids from the subducting oceanic plate. Integrating our new results with previous works on the Dananhu-Tousuquan island arc belt, we suggest that the Yuhaixi Mo(Cu)deposit is likely sourced from the juvenile lower crust, which was formed in an arc setting, where the bipolar subduction of the North Tianshan oceanic slab forms the Dananhu Tousuquan belt to the north and the Aqishan-Yamansu belt to the south. The eastern section of the Dananhu-Tousuquan island arc is a promising target for late Paleozoic porphyry Mo(Cu) deposits.
Selective Leaching of Arsenic from Copper Concentrates in Hypochlorite Medium
Authors: Hernández Maria Cecilia , Benavente Oscar , Roca Antoni , Melo Evelyn , Quezada Víctor
Published: October 2023

The selective leaching of arsenic using sodium hypochlorite was evaluated in order to reduce its concentration in a copper concentrate. The best conditions achieved in the synthetic concentrate were applied to the industrial concentrate. First, the individual behaviors of pure samples of enargite and chalcopyrite were evaluated under a hypochlorite medium. The enargite reaction is significantly faster than chalcopyrite, allowing for greater selectivity to ClO− (0.1–0.3 M), pH 12–12.5; 20 to 40 °C, reaction time <60 min. Under these conditions, the reagent consumption for pure compounds approaches the stoichiometric consumption and presents a selectivity factor of 5/1. Furthermore, concentrate leaching in a sodium hypochlorite medium, containing enargite, releases arsenic ions into the solution, while copper and iron remain in the solid phase, as CuO and Fe(OH)3, respectively. A novel copper concentrate cleaning process by selective leaching is proposed, which transforms unacceptable copper concentrate for smelters (>0.5%As) into clean concentrates (<0.2%As) or low penalty concentrates (0.2 < %As < 0.5). The estimated consumption for the cleaning process is in the order of 0.4–0.6 kg Cl2 equivalent per kg of concentrate.
Investigation of J-Aggregates of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octabromo-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) Porphyrin in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Abdelaziz Balkis , Sarà Mariachiara , Ayachi Sahbi , Zagami Roberto , Patanè Salvatore , Romeo Andrea , Castriciano Maria Angela , Monsù Scolaro Luigi
Published: October 2023

The highly distorted water-soluble 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octabromo-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (Br8TPPS44−) is readily protonated under acidic pH, forming the diacid H2Br8TPPS42− and subsequently the zwitterionic H4Br8TPPS4, which eventually evolves into J-aggregates. These latter species exhibit a relevant bathochromic shift with respect to the monomer with a quite sharp band due to motional narrowing. The depolarization ratio measured in resonant light scattering spectra allows estimating a tilt angle of ~20° of the porphyrins in the J-aggregate. The kinetic parameters are obtained by applying a model based on the initial slow nucleation step, leading to a nucleus containing m monomers, followed by fast autocatalytic growth. The kc values for this latter step increase on decreasing the acid concentration and on increasing the porphyrin concentration, with a strong power-law dependence. No spontaneous symmetry breaking or transfer of chirality from chiral inducers is observed. Both Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) point to the presence, in both the solid and solution phases, of globular-shaped aggregates with sizes close to 130 nm. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on simplified models show that (i) upon protonation, the saddled conformation of the porphyrin ring is slightly altered, and a further rotation of the aryl rings occurs, and (ii) the diacid species is more stable than the parent unprotonated porphyrin. Time-dependent DFT analysis allows comparing the UV/Vis spectra for the two species, showing a consistent red shift upon protonation, even if larger than the experimental one. The simulated Raman spectrum agrees with the experimental spectrum acquired on solid samples.
Large-Area MoS2 Films Grown on Sapphire and GaN Substrates by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Španková Marianna , Chromik Štefan , Dobročka Edmund , Pribusová Slušná Lenka , Talacko Marcel , Gregor Maroš , Pécz Béla , Koos Antal , Greco Giuseppe , Panasci Salvatore Ethan , Fiorenza Patrick , Roccaforte Fabrizio , Cordier Yvon , Frayssinet Eric , Giannazzo Filippo
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we present the preparation of few-layer MoS2 films on single-crystal sapphire, as well as on heteroepitaxial GaN templates on sapphire substrates, using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. Detailed structural and chemical characterization of the films were performed using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction measurements, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. According to X-ray diffraction studies, the films exhibit epitaxial growth, indicating a good in-plane alignment. Furthermore, the films demonstrate uniform thickness on large areas, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The lateral electrical current transport of the MoS2 grown on sapphire was investigated by temperature (T)-dependent sheet resistance and Hall effect measurements, showing a high n-type doping of the semiconducting films (ns from ~1 × 1013 to ~3.4 × 1013 cm−2 from T = 300 K to 500 K), with a donor ionization energy of Ei = 93 ± 8 meV and a mobility decreasing with T. Finally, the vertical current injection across the MoS2/GaN heterojunction was investigated by means of conductive atomic force microscopy, showing the rectifying behavior of the I-V characteristics with a Schottky barrier height of ϕB ≈ 0.36 eV. The obtained results pave the way for the scalable application of PLD-grown MoS2 on GaN in electronics/optoelectronics.
Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Version of the Eating Competence Satter Inventory (ecSI 2.0TM) in Community Adolescents
Authors: Claes Laurence , Vankerckhoven Lore , Smits Dirk , Kiekens Glenn , Robillard Christina L. , Stukken Loes , Luyckx Koen
Published: October 2023

Eating competence can help adolescents navigate their food choices and attitudes toward eating in a healthy and balanced way. In the present study, we investigated the psychometric properties of the Dutch translation of the Eating Competence Satter Inventory 2.0TM (ecSI 2.0TM), which was developed to assess eating attitudes and behaviors. A sample of 900 Flemish adolescents completed the ecSI 2.0TM DUTCH and two self-report measures on eating disorder symptoms and identity functioning (i.e., confusion and synthesis). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor structure of the ecSI 2.0TM DUTCH, and the resulting four subscales (i.e., Eating Attitudes, Food Acceptance, Internal Regulation, and Contextual Skills) showed acceptable-to-excellent reliability (αs ranging from 0.69 to 0.91). The ecSI 2.0TM DUTCH also demonstrated scalar invariance across sex and age (<17 years, ≥17 years). Males reported significantly higher ecSI 2.0TM DUTCH scores than females on the four subscales and the total scale. The two age groups did not significantly differ on the ecSI 2.0TM DUTCH scales. Finally, scores on the ecSI 2.0TM DUTCH subscales showed non-significant or small negative correlations with adolescents’ Body Mass Index (BMI), large negative correlations with eating disorder symptoms and identity confusion, and large positive associations with identity synthesis. The Dutch translation of the ecSI 2.0TM is a valid and reliable instrument to assess eating competence skills in male and female adolescents.
Discovering the Individualized Factors Associated with Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Phenotypes—A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Moroni Alessia , Perna Simone , Azzolino Domenico , Gasparri Clara , Zupo Roberta , Micheletti Cremasco Margherita , Rondanelli Mariangela
Published: October 2023

The literature shows how sarcopenia often occurs along with different phenotypes based either on the concomitant presence of adipose tissue excess (i.e., sarcopenic obesity, SO), or osteopenia/osteoporosis (osteosarcopenia, OS), or the combination of the two conditions, so-called osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO). This research aimed to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia phenotypes (SO, OS, OSO), their associated risk factors and their health impact in a population of out- and inpatients living in the North of Italy. Male and female subjects aged ≥18 years were enrolled for the study. A blood sample was collected to measure targeted blood makers. A comprehensive anthropometric clinical assessment (height, weight, Body Mass Index, BMI and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, DXA) was performed to measure ponderal, bone, fat, and muscle status. A total of 1510 individuals participated to the study (females, n = 1100; 72.85%). Sarcopenia was the most prevalent phenotype (17%), followed by osteosarcopenia (14.7%) and sarcopenic obesity. Only 1.9% of the sample was affected by OSO. According to logistic regression analysis, sarcopenia was associated with age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) (positively) and BMI, Iron (Fe), Total Cholesterol, albumin (%), albumin (g), and gamma proteins (negatively). Sarcopenic obesity was associated with age, ferritin, ESR, CRP (positively) and BMI, Fe, and albumin (%) (negatively). Osteosarcopenia was associated with age, ESR (positively) and BMI, Total Cholesterol, albumin (%), albumin (g), and Ca (negatively). Osteosarcopenic obesity was associated with glycemia and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gGT) (positively). According to random forest analysis, a higher BMI was the most important protective factor for sarcopenia, for sarcopenic obesity (along with Iron) and for osteosarcopenia (along with albumin). Moreover, osteosarcopenic obesity was positively associated with GgT and glycaemia. The possibility of gaining such information, especially in the younger population, could help to prevent the onset of such diseases and best fit the patient’s needs, according to a precision-medicine approach.
Effects of Flavonoid Supplementation on Athletic Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Ying , Tian Zhuang , Li Zhenyu , Kim Jae Cheol
Published: October 2023

Flavonoids, known for their antioxidant properties, can prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) and influence athletic performance through various physiological and metabolic mechanisms. However, there are conflicting results after summarizing and analyzing the relevant literature. Hence, it is warranted to evaluate the overall impact of flavonoids on athletic performance in healthy adults based on a comprehensive and systematic review and meta-analysis. After searching four databases for literature published since their respective establishments until February 2023 and conducting publication bias and quality assessments, a total of 22 studies were ultimately included. The names and doses of flavonoids, various outcome measurements, as well as types of training, were extracted from included studies. The athletic performance outcomes from the included studies were categorized into ’performance tests’ and ’exercise tolerance,’ depending on the type of training undertaken. Several statistical results, such as pooled effect size (ES), among others, were implemented by meta-analysis using the random effects model. The results of meta-analysis suggest that there is currently sufficient evidence (ES = −0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): [−0.50, −0.07]; p = 0.01 and ES = 0.23; 95% CI: [0.07, 0.39]; p = 0.005) to support the notion that flavonoid supplementation enhanced athletic performance in performance tests and exercise tolerance. In addition, among the subgroups, nonsignificant results were observed for athletes (p = 0.28) and acute supplementation (p = 0.41) in performance tests, as well as athletes (p = 0.57) and acute supplementation (p = 0.44) in exercise tolerance. Meanwhile, significant results were found for non-athletes (p = 0.04) and long-term supplementation (p = 0.02) in performance tests, as well as non-athletes (p = 0.005) in performance tests and long-term supplementation (p = 0.006) in exercise tolerance. The nonsignificant results were likely due to the limitation in the number of related papers, sample sizes, optimal dosage, duration, type of flavonoids, and other factors. Therefore, future research should focus on further investigating these relationships with larger sample sizes, optimal dosage, duration, and type of flavonoids to provide more robust conclusions.
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in Broiler Breeders: An Overview
Authors: Joseph Jiddu , Zhang Li , Adhikari Pratima , Evans Jeffrey D. , Ramachandran Reshma
Published: October 2023

Poultry meat is one of the major animal protein sources necessary to meet the global protein demand. Sustainability in broiler production is the key to achieving its continuous supply, and broiler breeders play a critical role in maintaining this sustainability by providing good quality chicks. Colibacillosis, the disease caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry globally. Moreover, APEC causes an additional burden among broiler breeders, such as a decrease in egg production and mortality among these birds. There is vertical transmission of APEC to the broiler chicks through eggs, resulting in increased first-week mortality and subsequent horizontal transmission at the hatchery. In this regard, the vertical transmission of antibiotic resistance genes is another concern that needs attention. Controlling several diseases in broiler breeders would possibly reduce the first-week mortality in chicks, thereby maintaining the production level. For that, constant monitoring of the bacterial populations is critical. Moreover, amidst the increased antibiotic resistance pattern, more focus on alternative treatment strategies like vaccines, probiotics, and bacteriophages is necessary. Future research focusing on strategies to mitigate APEC in broiler breeders would be one of the finest solutions for sustainable broiler production.
Establishment of an Animal Model Scheme of Strongyloides stercoralis-Infected Meriones meridianus
Authors: Zhou Huan , Hu Jinyang , Zhou Taoxun , Zhang Ying , Qin Peixi , Zhang Biying , Wang Rui , Luo Xiaoping , Hu Min
Published: October 2023

Studying parasitic nematodes, which generate a massive hazard to animal health, is more difficult than studying free-living nematodes as appropriate animal models are essential, and the relationship between parasites and hosts is extremely complex. Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode parasite that mainly infects dogs, humans and other primates. Currently, S. stercoralis worms needed for research mainly rely on their natural host, the dog. This study explored a method of using Meriones meridianus as a model for S. stercoralis. The immunosuppressed M. meridianus were infected with S. stercoralis subcutaneously, and post-parasitic, first-stage larvae (PP L1) were detected in the faeces, with more larvae in female gerbils. In addition, parasitic females (PFs), third-stage larvae (L3s) and rhabditiform larvae were found primarily in the small intestines and lungs of infected gerbils. The PFs and auto-infective third-stage larvae (aL3s) obtained from M. meridianus are morphologically identical to those obtained from beagles and Meriones unguiculatus. Moreover, the infection of S. stercoralis caused changes to biochemical indicators in the serum and in the physiology of M. meridianus. The results demonstrated that M. meridianus can be infected by S. stercoralis, and this model provides a great tool for exploring the biological processes of this parasite and its interaction with the host.
Impact of Prematurity on Auditory Processing in Children
Authors: Boboshko Maria Y. , Savenko Irina V. , Garbaruk Ekaterina S. , Knyazeva Veronika M. , Vasilyeva Marina J.
Published: October 2023

Prematurity is one of the most crucial risk factors negatively affecting the maturation of the auditory system. Children born preterm demonstrate high rates of hearing impairments. Auditory processing difficulties in preterm children might be a result of disturbances in the central auditory system development and/or sensory deprivation due to peripheral hearing loss. To investigate auditory processing in preterm children, we utilized a set of psychoacoustic tests to assess temporal processing and speech intelligibility. A total of 241 children aged 6–11 years old (136 born preterm and 105 healthy full-term children forming the control group) were assessed. The preterm children were divided into three groups based on their peripheral hearing status: 74 normal hearing (NH group); 30 children with bilateral permanent sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL group) and 32 children with bilateral auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD group). The results showed significantly worse performance in all tests in premature children compared with full-term children. NH and SNHL groups showed significant age-related improvement in speech recognition thresholds in noise that might signify a “bottom-up” auditory processing maturation effect. Overall, all premature children had signs of auditory processing disorders of varying degrees. Analyzing and understanding the auditory processing specificity in preterm children can positively contribute to the more effective implementation of rehabilitation programs.
A Bibliometric Analysis of 3D Printing in Personalized Medicine Research from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Xue Aile , Li Wenjie , Tian Wenxiu , Zheng Minyue , Shen Lan , Hong Yanlong
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the 3D printing of personalized drug formulations has attracted the attention of medical practitioners and academics. However, there is a lack of data-based analyses on the hotspots and trends of research in this field. Therefore, in this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis to summarize the 3D printing research in the field of personalized drug formulation from 2012 to 2022. This study was based on the Web of Science Core Collection Database, and a total of 442 eligible publications were screened. Using VOSviewer and online websites for bibliometric analysis and scientific mapping, it was observed that annual publications have shown a significant growth trend over the last decade. The United Kingdom and the United States, which account for 45.5% of the total number of publications, are the main drivers of this field. The International Journal of Pharmaceutics and University College London are the most prolific and cited journals and institutions. The researchers with the most contributions are Basit, Abdul W. and Goyanes Alvaro. The keyword analysis concluded that the current research hotspots are “drug release” and “drug dosage forms”. In conclusion, 3D printing has broad application prospects in the field of personalized drugs, which will bring the pharmaceutical industry into a new era of innovation.
Quinazolin-4-one/3-cyanopyridin-2-one Hybrids as Dual Inhibitors of EGFR and BRAFV600E: Design, Synthesis, and Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Al-Wahaibi Lamya H. , Hisham Mohamed , Abou-Zied Hesham A. , Hassan Heba A. , Youssif Bahaa G. M. , Bräse Stefan , Hayallah Alaa M. , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed
Published: October 2023

A novel series of hybrid compounds comprising quinazolin-4-one and 3-cyanopyridin-2-one structures has been developed, with dual inhibitory actions on both EGFR and BRAFV600E. These hybrid compounds were tested in vitro against four different cancer cell lines. Compounds 8, 9, 18, and 19 inhibited cell proliferation significantly in the four cancer cells, with GI50 values ranging from 1.20 to 1.80 µM when compared to Doxorubicin (GI50 = 1.10 µM). Within this group of hybrids, compounds 18 and 19 exhibited substantial inhibition of EGFR and BRAFV600E. Molecular docking investigations provided confirmation that compounds 18 and 19 possess the capability to inhibit EGFR and BRAFV600E. Moreover, computational ADMET prediction indicated that most of the newly synthesized hybrids have low toxicity and minimal side effects.
Investigation of Cannabinoid Acid/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex for Improving Physicochemical and Biological Performance
Authors: Park Chulhun , Zuo Jieyu , Gil Myung-Chul , Löbenberg Raimar , Lee Beom-Jin
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to investigate the enhancement of cannabinoid acid solubility and stability through the formation of a cannabinoid acid/cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complex. Two cannabinoid acids, tetrahydro-cannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), were selected as a model drug along with five types of CD: α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and methylated-β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD). Phase solubility studies were conducted using various types of CD to determine the complex stoichiometry. The preparation methods of the CD inclusion complex were optimized by adjusting the loading pH solution and the drying processes (spray-drying, freeze-drying, spray-freeze-drying). The drying process of the cannabinoid acid/M-β-CD inclusion complex was further optimized through the spray-freeze-drying method. These CD complexes were characterized using solubility determination, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and 1H NMR spectroscopy. DSC, XRD, and FE-SEM studies confirmed the non-crystalline state of the cannabinoid acid/CD inclusion complex. The permeation of THCA or CBDA from the M-β-CD spray-freeze-dried inclusion complex was highly improved compared to those of cannabis ethanolic extracts under simulated physiological conditions. The stability of the cannabinoid acid/M-β-CD inclusion complex was maintained for 7 days in a simulated physiological condition. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration of cannabinoid acid/M-β-CD inclusion complex had superior anti-cancer activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines compared to cannabinoid acid alone. The improved physicochemical and biological performances indicated that these CD inclusion complexes could provide a promising option for loading lipophilic cannabinoids in cannabis-derived drug products.
Transporter-Mediated Cellular Distribution of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as a Potential Resistance Mechanism in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Verhagen Noor E. , Koenderink Jan B. , Blijlevens Nicole M. A. , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Russel Frans G. M.
Published: October 2023

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematologic neoplasm characterized by the expression of the BCR::ABL1 oncoprotein, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, resulting in uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells in the myeloid lineage. Targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, ponatinib and asciminib has drastically improved the life expectancy of CML patients. However, treatment resistance occurs in 10–20% of CML patients, which is a multifactorial problem that is only partially clarified by the presence of TKI inactivating BCR::ABL1 mutations. It may also be a consequence of a reduction in cytosolic TKI concentrations in the target cells due to transporter-mediated cellular distribution. This review focuses on drug-transporting proteins in stem cells and progenitor cells involved in the distribution of TKIs approved for the treatment of CML. Special attention will be given to ATP-binding cassette transporters expressed in lysosomes, which may facilitate the extracytosolic sequestration of these compounds.
Dynamics and Concealment of Time-Delay Signature in Mutually Coupled Nano-Laser Chaotic Systems
Authors: Zhang Xueting , Guo Gang , Liu Xintian , Hu Guosi , Wang Kun , Mu Penghua
Published: October 2023

It is well known that nano-lasers (NLs), as important optical components, have attracted widespread attention for their output characteristics. In this paper, the dynamic behavior and time-delay concealment properties of NLs mutually coupled in open-loop, semi-open-loop, and closed-loop structures have been numerically investigated. We employ bifurcation diagrams and 0–1 chaos tests in our simulations to quantitatively analyze the dynamic properties of the system and introduce the autocorrelation function to evaluate the ability of the system to conceal the time-delay signature (TDS). In the meantime, the effects of the NL parameters and the controllable variables of the system on the TDS are studied. The results indicate that, compared with an open-loop structure without feedback, the mutual coupling scheme with added feedback is beneficial for the system to output high-quality chaotic signals. Furthermore, selecting a moderate Purcell factor F and a smaller spontaneous emission coupling factor β can achieve TDS concealment over a wider parameter range of injection intensity and frequency detuning.
Channel Performance Analysis of Visible Light Communication Technology in the Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Zhang Hao , Ma Qiqi , Zhao Xin , Di Chenqi
Published: October 2023

The emergence of visible light communication technology has alleviated the pressure of wireless network communication and provided new ways for vehicle networking technology. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the performance changes in visible light communication in vehicle networking communication. This article mainly considers the impact of vehicle speed on the quality of visible light communication technology services during the driving duration. Firstly, the impact of vehicle speed on signal-to-noise ratio changes was analyzed. Secondly, the channel states in different V2I/V2V scenarios were analyzed. Finally, the transformation in signal-to-noise ratio in V2I/V2V scenarios was analyzed through simulation.
The Influence of Mineral NPK Fertiliser Rates on Potassium Dynamics in Soil: Data from a Long-Term Agricultural Plant Fertilisation Experiment
Authors: Arbačauskas Jonas , Vaišvila Zigmas Jonas , Staugaitis Gediminas , Žičkienė Lina , Masevičienė Aistė , Šumskis Donatas
Published: October 2023

A fertilisation experiment, with the aim to determine the effects of different potassium fertiliser rates and their interactions with nitrogen and phosphorus on field-rotation productivity, potassium balance, fertiliser utilization, and changes in the content of potassium in soil, was carried out in Lithuania between 1971 and 2020. The multi-factorial scheme with 45 treatment plots, where seven rates (including zero) of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilisers were studied. The experimental treatments during the study period were carried out on winter wheat, spring wheat, spring barley, sugar beet, spring rapeseed, and annual and perennial grasses. It was found that potassium fertilisers were the most effective on agricultural crops when used in combination with other major plant nutrients—i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus. The required balance of potassium (K2O) in the soil was measured, when nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers were applied together to compensate for potassium removal; when applying low nitrogen (N) (72 kg ha−1) and phosphorus (P2O5) (64 kg ha−1) fertiliser rates, 128 kg ha−1 of potassium fertilisers are required. When using high nitrogen (180 kg ha−1) and phosphorus (160 kg ha−1) fertiliser rates, 160 kg ha−1 of potassium is needed. The highest potassium uptake, reaching 51.6%, was achieved when plants had been fertilised with nitrogen (108 kg ha−1), phosphorus (96 kg ha−1), and potassium (96 kg ha−1). When fertilising with potassium fertilisers alone, the content of plant-available K2O content in the soil increased, whereas with fertilisation with nitrogen and phosphorus combined K2O content is decreased, except in the plots where the plants had been fertilised with potassium fertiliser at rates of 128 kg ha−1 and higher. Due to the influence of fertilisers, the amount of non-exchangeable potassium in the soil also increased, but relatively little compared to the amount of available potassium content. Thus, one of the main conditions for the effective use of potassium fertilisers is ensuring optimal plant nutrition with other nutrition elements, especially nitrogen and phosphorus.
New Insights in the Detection and Management of Anthracnose Diseases in Strawberries
Authors: Aljawasim Baker D. , Samtani Jayesh B. , Rahman Mahfuzur
Published: October 2023

Anthracnose diseases, caused by Colletotrichum spp., are considered to be among the most destructive diseases that have a significant impact on the global production of strawberries. These diseases alone can cause up to 70% yield loss in North America. Colletotrichum spp. causes several disease symptoms on strawberry plants, including root, fruit, and crown rot, lesions on petioles and runners, and irregular black spots on the leaf. In many cases, a lower level of infection on foliage remains non-symptomatic (quiescent), posing a challenge to growers as these plants can be a significant source of inoculum for the fruiting field. Reliable detection methods for quiescent infection should play an important role in preventing infected plants’ entry into the production system or guiding growers to take appropriate preventative measures to control the disease. This review aims to examine both conventional and emerging approaches for detecting anthracnose disease in the early stages of the disease cycle, with a focus on newly emerging techniques such as remote sensing, especially using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with multispectral sensors. Further, we focused on the acutatum species complex, including the latest taxonomy, the complex life cycle, and the epidemiology of the disease. Additionally, we highlighted the extensive spectrum of management techniques against anthracnose diseases on strawberries and their challenges, with a special focus on new emerging sustainable management techniques that can be utilized in organic strawberry systems.
Comprehensive Genome-Wide Identification of the RNA-Binding Glycine-Rich Gene Family and Expression Profiling under Abiotic Stress in Brassica oleracea
Authors: Duan Mengmeng , Zong Mei , Guo Ning , Han Shuo , Wang Guixiang , Miao Liming , Liu Fan
Published: October 2023

The RNA-binding glycine-rich proteins (RBGs) of the glycine-rich protein family play vital roles in regulating gene expression both at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. However, the members and functions in response to abiotic stresses of the RBG gene family remain unclear in Brassica oleracea. In this study, a total of 19 BoiRBG genes were identified through genome-wide analysis in broccoli. The characteristics of BoiRBG sequences and their evolution were examined. An analysis of synteny indicated that the expansion of the BoiRBG gene family was primarily driven by whole-genome duplication and tandem duplication events. The BoiRBG expression patterns revealed that these genes are involved in reaction to diverse abiotic stress conditions (i.e., simulated drought, salinity, heat, cold, and abscisic acid) and different organs. In the present research, the up-regulation of BoiRBGA13 expression was observed when subjected to both NaCl-induced and cold stress conditions in broccoli. Moreover, the overexpression of BoiRBGA13 resulted in a noteworthy reduction in taproot lengths under NaCl stress, as well as the inhibition of seed germination under cold stress in broccoli, indicating that RBGs play different roles under various stresses. This study provides insights into the evolution and functions of BoiRBG genes in Brassica oleracea and other Brassicaceae family plants.
Bioadhesive and Injectable Hydrogels and Their Correlation with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation for Cartilage Repair: A Mini-Review
Authors: Kováč Ján , Priščáková Petra , Gbelcová Helena , Heydari Abolfazl , Žiaran Stanislav
Published: October 2023

Injectable bioadhesive hydrogels, known for their capacity to carry substances and adaptability in processing, offer great potential across various biomedical applications. They are especially promising in minimally invasive stem cell-based therapies for treating cartilage damage. This approach harnesses readily available mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into chondrocytes for cartilage regeneration. In this review, we investigate the relationship between bioadhesion and MSC differentiation. We summarize the fundamental principles of bioadhesion and discuss recent trends in bioadhesive hydrogels. Furthermore, we highlight their specific applications in conjunction with stem cells, particularly in the context of cartilage repair. The review also encompasses a discussion on testing methods for bioadhesive hydrogels and direct techniques for differentiating MSCs into hyaline cartilage chondrocytes. These approaches are explored within both clinical and laboratory settings, including the use of genetic tools. While this review offers valuable insights into the interconnected aspects of these topics, it underscores the need for further research to fully grasp the complexities of their relationship.
Development of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate/Cellulose Nanofiber Injectable Hydrogels for Meniscus Tissue Engineering
Authors: Sinna Jiraporn , Jeencham Rachasit , Mueangkhot Priyapat , Sophon Sorasak , Noralak Pornpattara , Raksapakdee Romtira , Numpaisal Piya-on , Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to develop poly (vinyl alcohol) grafted glycidyl methacrylate/cellulose nanofiber (PVA-g-GMA/CNF) injectable hydrogels for meniscus tissue engineering. PVA-g-GMA is an interesting polymer for preparing cross-linking injectable hydrogels with UV radiation, but it has poor mechanical properties and low cell proliferation. In this study, CNF as a reinforcing agent was selected to improve mechanical properties and cell proliferation in PVA-g-GMA injectable hydro-gels. The effect of CNF concentration on hydrogel properties was investigated. Both PVA-g-GMA and PVA-g-GMA hydrogels incorporating 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7% (w/v) CNF can be formed by UV curing at a wavelength of 365 nm, 6 mW/cm2 for 10 min. All hydrogels showed substantial microporosity with interconnected tunnels, and a pore size diameter range of 3–68 µm. In addition, all hydrogels also showed high physicochemical properties, a gel fraction of 81–82%, porosity of 83–94%, water content of 73–87%, and water swelling of 272–652%. The water content and swelling of hydrogels were increased when CNF concentration increased. It is worth noting that the reduction of porosity in the hydrogels occurred with increasing CNF concentration. With increasing CNF concentration from 0.3% to 0.7% (w/v), the compressive strength and compressive modulus of the hydrogels significantly increased from 23 kPa to 127 kPa and 27 kPa to 130 kPa, respectively. All of the hydrogels were seeded with human cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) and cultured for 14 days. PVA-g-GMA hydrogels incorporating 0.5% and 0.7% (w/v) CNF demonstrated a higher cell proliferation rate than PVA-g-GMA and PVA-g-GMA hydrogels incorporating 0.3% (w/v) CNF, as confirmed by MTT assay. At optimum formulation, 10%PVA-g-GMA/0.7%CNF injectable hydrogel met tissue engineering requirements, which showed excellent properties and significantly promoted cell proliferation, and has a great potential for meniscus tissue engineering application.
Sustainable Production of Lactic Acid from Cellulose Using Au/W-ZnO Catalysts
Authors: Guo Mingyu , Zhou Chengfeng , Cui Yuandong , Jiang Wei , Han Guangting , Jiang Zhan , Ben Haoxi , Yang Xiaoli
Published: October 2023

The catalytic conversion of cellulose to lactic acid (LA) has garnered significant attention in recent years due to the potential of cellulose as a renewable and sustainable biomass feedstock. Here, a series of Au/W-ZnO catalysts were synthesized and employed to transform cellulose into LA. Through the optimization of reaction parameters and catalyst compositions, we achieved complete cellulose conversion with a selectivity of 54.6% toward LA over Au/W-ZnO at 245 °C for 4 h. This catalyst system also proved effective at converting cotton and kenaf fibers. Structural and chemical characterizations revealed that the synergistic effect of W, ZnO, and Au facilitated mesoporous architecture generation and the establishment of an adequate acidic environment. The catalytic process proceeded through the hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose, isomerization to fructose, and its subsequent conversion to LA, with glucose isomerization identified as the rate-limiting step. These findings provide valuable insights for developing high-performance catalytic systems to convert cellulose.
The Review of the Application of the Heat Pipe on Enhancing Performance of the Air-Conditioning System in Buildings
Authors: Yuan Tianhao , Liu Zeyu , Zhang Linlin , Dong Suiju , Zhang Jilong
Published: October 2023

An air-conditioning system (ACS), which consumes large amounts of high-grade energy, is essential for maintaining the indoor thermal environment of modern buildings. However, an ACS consumes almost half of the total energy of the building. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of the ACS to promote energy conservation and emission reduction in the building sector. In fact, there is an abundance of waste heat and low-grade energies with the potential to be utilized in ACS in nature, but many of them are not utilized efficiently or cannot be utilized at all due to the low efficiency of thermal energy conversion. Known as a passive thermal transfer device, the application of a heat pipe (HP) in the ACS has shown explosive growth in recent years. HPs have been demonstrated to be an effective method for reducing building cooling and heating demands and energy consumption in ACS with experimental and simulation methods. This paper summarizes the different HP types applied in the ACS and provides brief insight into the performance enhancement of the ACS integrated with HP. Four types of HPs, namely tubular HP (THP), loop HP (LHP), pulsating HP (PHP) and flat HP (FHP), are presented. Their working principles and scope of applications are reviewed. Then, HPs used in natural cooling system, split air conditioner (SAC), centralized ACS (CACS) and cooling terminal devices are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, the heat transfer characteristics and energy savings of the above systems are critically analyzed. The results show that the performance of the HP is greatly affected by its own structure, working fluid and external environmental conditions. The energy saving of ACS coupled with HP is 3–40.9%. The payback period of this system ranges from 1.9–10 years. It demonstrates that the HP plays a significant role in reducing ACS energy consumption and improving indoor thermal comfort.
Study of Overlying Rock Structure and Intensive Pressure Control Technology of Island Longwall Panel in Extra-Thick Coal Seams
Authors: Wang Yaochuang , Chen Pengkun , Wang Shen
Published: October 2023

In response to the severe occurrence of mining pressure in the fully mechanized top coal caving face of the extra-thick coal seam and the problem of strong rock pressure caused by the remaining coal pillars in the mining area on the isolated island fully mechanized top coal caving face, taking the 8102 isolated island working face of Tongxin Coal Mine as the background and by using methods such as on-site measurement and numerical simulation experiments, the characteristics of roof mining in the island longwall panel of extra-thick coal seams were analyzed. Establishing a mechanical model for the mining stress and overlying rock stress arch of an isolated working face, the mechanical characteristics of the isolated working face under special conditions were obtained. The results show that the longwall panel no. 8102 has an asymmetric long-arm T-shaped covering layer structure before mining and a C-shaped covering rock structure during mining, which will exacerbate the degree of mining pressure manifestation in the working face. Directional high-pressure hydraulic fracturing was implemented in the gob of longwall panel no. 8102, and the pressure reduction effect of the advance support section of the gob was obvious, ensuring the safety of the working face.
Effect of Wheat Residue-Derived Biochar on Naphthalene Adsorption in Loess Soil in Northwest China
Authors: He Rui , Yu Ruirui , Jiang Yufeng , Liu Zhewei , Wu Jiali , Zhang Xiaozhen , Wang Gang
Published: October 2023

Research on the environmental behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil is limited, particularly regarding the influence of biochar on naphthalene (NAP) adsorption on the loess soil of Northwest China. In this study, a batch equilibrium experiment was used to analyze the sorption kinetics, sorption isotherms, and influencing factors of NAP adsorption by biochar derived from wheat residue at various pyrolysis temperatures on loess soil. The results indicated that NAP adsorption onto biochar-modified soil was rapid, within 6 h, and reached equilibrium after 20 h. The sorption kinetics was accurately described by a pseudo-second-order model. Additionally, the sorption isotherms were best described by the Freundlich model, indicating a multilayer adsorption mechanism. The average value of KF decreased as follows: BC-600 (2.03) > BC-400 (1.52) > BC-200 (1.25) > soil (0.91), indicating that biochar addition was beneficial for the adsorption of NAP on loess soil. The Gibbs free energy (ΔGθ) of NAP was less than zero, and the enthalpy (ΔHθ) and entropy (ΔSθ) values were greater than zero, suggesting that the adsorption occurred spontaneously through an endothermic reaction. Furthermore, the initial concentration of NAP influenced its adsorption amount. Pyrolysis temperatures of 400 °C and 600 °C resulted in higher NAP adsorption capacities, highlighting the beneficial effect of biochar addition on enhancing NAP adsorption in loess soil. However, at a pyrolysis temperature of 200 °C, the process of carbonization became incomplete, resulting in a reduction in the adsorption amount.
A Robust Control for a Controllable Suspension System with an Input Time Delay
Authors: Zhu Honglin , Ding Weiping , Yang Mingliang , Jin Tianshi
Published: October 2023

In this study, a state feedback robust control strategy with time delay dependence for the uncertainty, fault, and input time delay of a vehicle’s controllable suspension system is designed. Firstly, based on the working principle of the adjustable damping suspension system, the total damping force of the suspension is divided into “foundation damping force” and “controllable damping force”, taking the adjustable damping interval as the constraint boundary, which varies with the actuating velocity. Furthermore, based on the sensitivity analysis of the input time delay’s relationship with damping force disturbance, it exerts influence on the controllable damping force part. The associated uncertainty and fault are defined through linear fraction transformation and proportional gain, respectively, and the two are decoupled from the control mechanism. Then, based on the Lyapunov stability theory, a robust control law for the time-delay-dependent H∞ state feedback is designed and transformed into a linear matrix inequality convex optimization problem to solve. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by designing different combinations of uncertainty and fault tests and by comparing and analyzing these with the time-delay-independent H2/H∞ robust control strategy under random and pulse road excitation.
Analysing the Rhetoric of Islam Needs Reforming: Tony Abbott’s Political Discourse in Response to Terrorism in Australia
Authors: Popal Heela
Published: October 2023

One of the significant effects of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York was the politics of the US-led war on terror encompassing secularism and calls for Islamic reformation. The political discourse of war on terror was not limited to the Americas but was witnessed in other Western nations, such as Australia. The discourse of “Islam needs reforming” by the Prime Minister of Australia, Tony Abbott, in response to the Lindt Café siege (labelled as “Islamic terrorism”) tacitly associates Islam with terrorism and represents Muslims negatively to the wider Australian society. This paper with the research question of “How does ‘Islam needs reforming’ discourse perpetuate Islamophobia?” carried out critical discourse analysis on the selected speeches of Tony Abbott in response to the Lindt Café siege in 2014 to find out the context and implications of Abbott’s discourse in relation to calls for Islamic revolution. The study found that Abbott through the example of al-Sisi’s (Egypt’s president) calls for Islamic reformation forwarded his stance of the need for change in Islam to counter terrorism. Therefore, the present paper argues that the calls for Islamic reformation in response to terrorism can associate Islam with terrorism, thus, perpetuating Islamophobia.