bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Communication
Authors: Brown Sr. Michael A.
Published: June 2018

Scholars continue to analyze the past, present and future of computer mediated communications (CMC) in an attempt to make sense of the pervasive social media environment in which people operate today. George Santayana said, “those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” Social media grew, in part, out of a need to overcome communication limitations of geographical distance and time. in the process, human connection has suffered and some may even long for a way to close the geographic distance or approximate face-to-face interactions. this examination looks at hybrid approaches to social communication.
Comparison of different solid phase extraction sorbents for the qualitative assessment of dissolved organic nitrogen in freshwater samples using FT-ICR-MS
Authors: Stücheli Patrick E. , Niggemann Jutta , Schubert Carsten J.
Published: June 2018

Fate and reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is directly linked to its chemical composition. Therefore, molecular characterisation, for example using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), is used for a better understanding of those factors. To study organic compounds in the water column, an efficient extraction method is important. The commonly used extraction method for FT-ICR-MS is solid phase extraction (SPE) using a reversed-phase sorbent (BondElut PPL). But this method, to the best of our knowledge, was not evaluated for its ability to extract organic nitrogen compounds which are important building blocks of life and therefore an important fraction of DOM. In this study, several solid phase sorbents were tested for their ability to extract organic nitrogen compounds from water samples of natural aqueous environments. Different cartridges concerning their retention mechanism and pore size were tested. Three cartridges with different extraction mechanism (reversed phase, cation exchange or a mixture of both) or different pore size were tested. Except for one sorbent type, which heavily contaminated the samples with organic molecules, the tested cartridges leached neither a significant amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) nor dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). The sorbents were tested with lake water to be able to investigate their functionality in real conditions. It could be shown, that the molecular composition of the sample should be considered for the choice of the sorbent material. Additionally, it was shown that a mixed-bed sorbent is a valuable complementary SPE sorbent for the molecular characterisation of lacustrine samples using FT-ICR-MS and it might also be useful for a quantitative extraction. Furthermore, it could be shown that HyperSep Retain CX sorbent allows to extract a broader range of organic nitrogen compounds leading to a more comprehensive data set for investigating organic nitrogen compounds in lakes using FT-ICR-MS.
Determinants of defaulting by collateral lending groups in microfinancing: A probit regression approach
Authors: Modisagae Katlego , Ackermann Christo
Published: June 2018

Orientation: Despite the use of group lending, microfinance institutions (MFIs) are still faced with the risk of default by borrowers and the absence of physical collateral means that there is no recourse to borrower assets for repayment. It is therefore imperative to understand characteristics of loan default as a means to reduce possible erosion of the capital base of MFIs.Research purpose: The study identified determinants of loan default for collateral lending groups in microfinancing.Motivation for the study: Default on loans, which can be caused by characteristics of the lending groups themselves, has the undesirable effect of eroding the capital base of MFIs and threatening their continued existence. This study aims to identify those characteristics of loan default which could erode the capital base of MFIs.Research design, approach and methods: The study used the probit regression model to identify characteristics of loan default by collateral lending groups in microfinance in order to assist MFIs with insights regarding which factors to eliminate and which to enhance in the design of the groups to which they lend.Main findings: The key findings of the study indicate that probability of default decreases with larger groups, more female borrowers in a group and larger borrower savings. The results also indicate that probability of default increases with larger loan amounts and with borrowers who have more business experience.Practical and managerial implications: Microfinance institutions should consider having a feeder programme where borrowers whose businesses have become successful and larger can be passed on to bigger commercial banks instead of continuing to borrow from the MFIs as part of a group lending scheme.
The development of the visual screening tool for anxiety disorders and depression: Addressing barriers to screening for depression and anxiety disorders in hypertension and/or diabetes
Authors: Ogle Zimbini , Koen Liezl , Niehaus Dana J.H.
Published: June 2018

Background: There is a lack of screening tools for common mental disorders that can be applied across cultures, languages and levels of education in people with diabetes and hypertension. Aim: To develop a visual screening tool for depression and anxiety disorders that is applicable across cultures and levels of education. Setting: Participants were purposively recruited from two not-for-profit organisations and two public health facilities – a maternal mental health unit and a primary health care centre. Method: This was a qualitative cross-sectional study. Thirteen drawings based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depicting symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression were drawn. Participants described emotions and thoughts depicted in the drawings. Data were analysed through content analysis. Results: Thirty-one women (66%) and 16 men (34%) participated in the development of the visual screening tool. The mean age was 34 (standard deviation [SD] 12.46). There were 32 (68%) black participants, 11 (23%) mixed race participants and 4 (9%) white participants. Two participants (4%) had no schooling, 14 (31%) primary schooling, 8 (18%) senior schooling, 13 (29%) matric qualification and 8 (18%) had post-matric qualification. Participants correctly described 10 out of the 13 visual depiction of symptoms as associated with depression and anxiety disorders, with no differences between levels of education and cultural groups. Conclusion: Ten drawings were appropriate for inclusion in the visual screening tool for anxiety disorders and depression (VISTAD). The VISTAD will be validated against the mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) in a primary care population with hypertension and/or diabetes.
High-Temperature Atmospheric Corrosion of Fe-Cr-Si Alloys Studied by Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Idczak Rafał
Published: June 2018

The high-temperature atmospheric corrosion of iron-based Fe-Cr-Si alloys was studied using 57Fe transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy (TMS) and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS). The Mössbauer measurements allow one to determine the chemical composition changes as well as the content of iron oxides in 300 nm subsurface layer and the bulk of studied samples during exposure to air at 870 K. The results indicate that the oxidation of iron atoms slows with increasing Si and Cr content in the specimens and as one could expect, the oxidation process in the bulk is much slower than in the 300 nm subsurface layer of studied materials. The parameters of the measured spectra made it possible to compute the iron oxidation kinetics. The comparison of the obtained kinetics for the Fe0.96Cr0.03Si0.01, Fe0.94Cr0.03Si0.03, and Fe0.90Cr0.05Si0.05 samples with corresponding data obtained previously for the binary Fe-Si and Fe-Cr alloys suggests that an addition of a relatively small amount of Cr to the dilute iron-based Fe-Si alloys has a negative effect on high-temperature corrosion resistance of the systems. At the same time, the present investigations show that the iron oxidation process is practically not observed when the alloy that is richer in Cr, Fe0.85Cr0.10Si0.05, is exposed to air at 870 K. Finally, the additional TMS measurements were performed for Fe0.85Cr0.10Si0.05 sample after exposure to air at 1,070 K and 1,270 K.
Field and laboratory evaluation of a high time resolution x-ray fluorescence instrument for determining the elemental composition of ambient aerosols
Authors: Tremper Anja H. , Font Anna , Priestman Max , Hamad Samera H. , Chung Tsai-Chia , Pribadi Ari , Brown Richard J. C. , Goddard Sharon L. , Grassineau Nathalie , Petterson Krag , Kelly Frank J. , Green David C.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Measuring the chemical composition of airborne particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information on the concentration of regulated toxic metals, support modelling approaches for source detection and assist in the identification and validation of abatement techniques. Undertaking these at a high time resolution (1 h or less) enables receptor modelling techniques to be more robustly linked to emission processes. This study describes a comprehensive laboratory and field evaluation of a high time resolution x-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument (CES XACT 625) for a range of elements (As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pt, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) against alternative techniques: high time resolution mass measurements, high time resolution ion chromatography, aerosol mass spectrometry, and established filter-based, laboratory analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Laboratory evaluation was carried out using a novel mass-based calibration technique to independently assess the accuracy of the XRF against laboratory generated aerosols, which resulted in slopes that were not significantly different from unity. This demonstrated that generated particles can serve as an alternative calibration method for this instrument.The XACT was evaluated in three contrasting field deployments; a heavily trafficked roadside site (PM10 and PM2.5), an industrial location downwind of a nickel refinery (PM10) and an urban background location influenced by nearby industries and motorways (PM10). The XRF technique agreed well with the ICP-MS measurements of daily filter samples in all cases with a median R2 of 0.93 and a median slope of 1.07 for the elements As, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Ti, V and Zn. Differences in the results were attributed to a combination of inlet location and sampling temperature, variable blank levels in filter paper and recovery rates from acid digestion. The XRF technique also agreed well with the other high time resolution measurements but showed a clear positive difference (slopes between 1.41 and 4.6), probably due to differences in the size selection methodology, volatility and water solubility of the PM in aerosol mass spectrometry (SO4) and ion chromatography (Ca, Cl, K and SO4), respectively.A novel filter analysis technique using the XACT showed promising initial results: filters analysed off-line with the XACT compared well to in situ XACT measurements with a median R2 of 0.96 and median slope of 1.07. The resulting range of slopes was comparable to slopes produced in the ICP-MS comparison. This technique provides an opportunity to use the XACT when it is not deployed in the field; thus expanding the potential use of this instrument in future studies.
Beam tracking strategies for fast acquisition of solar wind velocity distribution functions with high energy and angular resolutions
Authors: De Keyser Johan , Lavraud Benoit , Přech Lubomir , Neefs Eddy , Berkenbosch Sophie , Beeckman Bram , Fedorov Andrei , Marcucci Maria Federica , Brienza Daniele
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Space plasma spectrometers have often relied on spacecraft spin to collect three-dimensional particle velocity distributions, which simplifies the instrument design and reduces its resource budgets, but limits the velocity distribution acquisition rate. This limitation can in part be overcome by a the use of electrostatic deflectors at the entrance of the analyser. By mounting such a spectrometer on a sun-pointing spacecraft, solar wind ion distributions can be acquired at a much higher rate because the solar wind ion population, which is a cold beam that fills only part of the sky around its mean arrival direction, always remains in view. The present paper demonstrates how the operation of such an instrument can be optimized through the use of beam tracking strategies. The underlying idea is that it is much more efficient to cover only that part of the energy spectrum and those arrival directions where the solar wind beam is expected to be. The advantages of beam tracking are a faster velocity distribution acquisition for a given angular and energy resolution, or higher angular and energy resolution for a given acquisition rate. It is demonstrated by simulation that such beam tracking strategies can be very effective while limiting the risk of losing the beam. They can be implemented fairly easily with present-day on-board processing resources.
Variable metabolic responses of Skagerrak invertebrates to low O2 and high CO2 scenarios
Authors: Fontanini Aisling , Steckbauer Alexandra , Dupont Sam , Duarte Carlos M.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Coastal hypoxia is a problem that is predicted to increase rapidly in the
future. At the same time, we are facing rising atmospheric CO2
concentrations, which are increasing the pCO2 and acidity of coastal
waters. These two drivers are well studied in isolation; however, the coupling
of low O2 and pH is likely to provide a more significant respiratory
challenge for slow moving and sessile invertebrates than is currently
predicted. The Gullmar Fjord in Sweden is home to a range of habitats, such as
sand and mud flats, seagrass beds, exposed and protected shorelines and
rocky bottoms. Moreover, it has a history of both natural and
anthropogenically enhanced hypoxia as well as North Sea upwelling, where
salty water reaches the surface towards the end of summer and early autumn. A
total of 11 species (Crustacean, Chordate, Echinoderm and Mollusc) of these
ecosystems were exposed to four different treatments (high or low oxygen and
low or high CO2; varying pCO2 of 450 and 1300 µatm and
O2 concentrations of 2–3.5 and 9–10 mg L−1) and respiration
measured after 3 and 6 days, respectively. This allowed us to evaluate
respiration responses of species of contrasting habitats to single and
multiple stressors. Results show that respiratory responses were highly
species specific as we observed both synergetic as well as antagonistic
responses, and neither phylum nor habitat explained trends in respiratory
responses. Management plans should avoid the generalized assumption that
combined stressors will result in multiplicative effects and focus attention
on alleviating hypoxia in the region.
Technical note: Rapid image-based field methods improve the quantification of termite mound structures and greenhouse-gas fluxes
Authors: Nauer Philipp A. , Chiri Eleonora , de Souza David , Hutley Lindsay B. , Arndt Stefan K.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Termite mounds (TMs) mediate biogeochemical processes with global relevance, such as turnover of the important greenhouse gas methane (CH4). However, the complex internal and external morphology of TMs impede an accurate quantitative description. Here we present two novel field methods, photogrammetry (PG) and cross-sectional image analysis, to quantify TM external and internal mound structure of 29 TMs of three termite species. Photogrammetry was used to measure epigeal volume (VE), surface area (AE) and mound basal area (AB) by reconstructing 3-D models from digital photographs, and compared against a water-displacement method and the conventional approach of approximating TMs by simple geometric shapes. To describe TM internal structure, we introduce TM macro- and micro-porosity (θM and θμ), the volume fractions of macroscopic chambers, and microscopic pores in the wall material, respectively. Macro-porosity was estimated using image analysis of single TM cross sections, and compared against full X-ray computer tomography (CT) scans of 17 TMs. For these TMs we present complete pore fractions to assess species-specific differences in internal structure. The PG method yielded VE nearly identical to a water-displacement method, while approximation of TMs by simple geometric shapes led to errors of 4–200 %. Likewise, using PG substantially improved the accuracy of CH4 emission estimates by 10–50 %. Comprehensive CT scanning revealed that investigated TMs have species-specific ranges of θM and θμ, but similar total porosity. Image analysis of single TM cross sections produced good estimates of θM for species with thick walls and evenly distributed chambers. The new image-based methods allow rapid and accurate quantitative characterisation of TMs to answer ecological, physiological and biogeochemical questions. The PG method should be applied when measuring greenhouse-gas emissions from TMs to avoid large errors from inadequate shape approximations.
Getting to Maybe: Improving the Education Doctorate in an Era of Uncertainty
Authors: Rasmussen Harriette Thurber
Published: June 2018

In an age of increasing complexity, particularly endeavors intended to address social justice, institutions of higher learning can be caught in the middle of the need for stability and responsiveness.  Using CPED principles as a guide, this essay argues for complexity as an essential lens to address social justice, problems of practice, and systematic inquiry that incorporates multiple frames and perspective.  It suggests specific tools to rethink approaches to foundational content and suggests a more central role of practitioner problems in doctoral coursework.
Program Innovation and Design in an Era of Accountability: EdD Faculty Work as a Community of Practice
Authors: Phillps Joy C. , Geller Kathy D. , Mawritz Kenneth J.
Published: June 2018

The essay describes how a task team of Drexel EdD faculty worked as a community of practice (Wenger, 1998) to conduct a crosswalk to align program principles, known as the Keystones, with national and university standards including the six Guiding Principles for Program Design contained in the CPED Framework (Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate, n.d.-a).  In accordance with the study institution’s planning tool, the EdD crosswalk also demonstrates alignment with the National Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) Advanced Program Standards (Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation, n.d.-a), Drexel University Student Learning Priorities (DSLPs), and Drexel School of Education Program Themes.  Discussion examining the task team’s work is framed around the four interlinking components of community of practice: meaning, practice, community, and identity.  Wenger (1998) describes these components as “deeply interconnected and mutually defining” (p. 5).  While uncommon, the process described in this essay represents the intent of assessment scholars (Banta & Palomba, 2014) and contributes to deepening understanding of higher education assessment work.
Themed Section of Impacting Education Focused on CPED’s Principle
Authors: Perry Jill A , Zambo Debby
Published: June 2018

This themed section of Impacting Education (IE) focuses on the use of the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate’s (CPED) Guiding Principles for EdD program design. Authors in this section are CPED Writing Fellows who have been selected because of their experience around engaging the Principles in their program design. To become a Fellow each author posed a manuscript around the theme, created a draft version, and came together at the June 2017 convening to align their work with others, provide constructive feedback, and form support groups to ensure manuscript completion and acceptance. The following articles in this section are the result of this year-long process.Focusing on CPED’s Guiding Principles for Program Design offers readers of IE an understanding of the foundation of CPED’s Framework (to access these go to https://www.cpedinitiative.org/page/AboutUs) which over 100 schools of education have now used to redesign their EdD programs.  These Principles were created in a collaborative effort of member faculty (Perry, 2016; Perry, Zambo, & Wunder, 2015) to move the Consortium away from a prescriptive EdD program model, toward a more flexible framework that would make professional practice preparation in education as purposeful, fluid, and meaningful as possible The result of this work was not only the Guiding Principles for Program Design but also a movement that has made CPED the first action-oriented effort working to distinguish and define the EdD as a rigorous and relevant degree for professional practice (Perry, 2010, 2012; Perry & Imig, 2008). In this themed section, manuscripts written by Writing Fellows show the impact of the principles on their EdD programs.  To help readers get a grounding into the importance of this work, we provide background into the development of the principles.
The Relationship between Social Dominance Orientation and Religiosity mediated by Political Orientation and Race
Authors: Oxendine David Bryan
Published: June 2018

AbstractPolitical orientation and race have consistently found to be associated with social dominance orientation (SDO) and religiosity.  This study explores the degree of influence that political orientation and race has on SDO and religiosity.  The research participants consisted of 245 undergraduate and graduate students at an ethnically diverse regional university in the southeastern United States.  As expected, Republican participants scored higher in SDO than Democrats, as White participants scored higher in SDO than did Non-White participants.  Additionally, Republican participants scored higher in religiosity than did Democrats.  As hypothesized, Non-Whites scored higher in religiosity than did Whites. Implications for future research on political orientation, race and other factors associated with SDO and religiosity.
A Renal Cell Carcinoma with Metastasis to the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Tocco Antonella , Micheli Emanuele , Valenti Sergio , Vismara Alberto , Lembo Antonino
Published: June 2018

We report the case of a renal cell carcinoma with solitary metastasis to the urinary bladder, occurring 3 years after radical nephrectomy in a 68-year-old patient. The cystoscopy revealed a solid and rounded bladder lesion with a fine footstalk. Transurethral resection was performed and the pathological diagnosis was of eosinophil cell and clear cell carcinoma. The patient also presented secondary lesions in under- and upper-diaphragmatic lymph node area, brain and lung; therefore, he received treatment with several systemic therapies (Sorafenib, Sutent, Everolimus, IFN-alpha, Oxaliplatin and Gemcitabine).
Fortacin™ Spray for the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Porst Hartmut , Burri Andrea
Published: June 2018

Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common complaint of male sexual dysfunction affecting men and their partners and consequently causing significant personal and interpersonal distress. Increased sensitivity of the glans penis and abnormalities of the afferent-efferent reflex pathway within the ejaculatory process are involved in the occurrence of PE. Drugs that either selectively reduce penile sensitization or modify the afferent-efferent reflex are well established therapeutic options for PE. Fortacin™ is the first topical treatment to be officially approved for the treatment of primary PE in adult men, and is mentioned as an experimental aerosol (as TEMPE) in the current European Association of Urology guidelines. It was approved for use in the European Union and launched in the United Kingdom in November 2016. Fortacin™ is a eutectic-like mixture of lidocaine 150 mg/mL and prilocaine 50 mg/mL that meets the requirements of an ideal treatment for PE because it is fast acting (within 5 minutes), has durable effects, can be easily used “on-demand”, and shows minimal side-effects. The metered-dose spray delivery system allows the desensitizing agents to be deposited in a dose-controlled, concentrated film onto the glans penis consequently reducing its sensitivity. This is translated into a delaying of the ejaculatory latency time without adversely affecting the sensation of ejaculation and orgasmic pleasure. The efficacy and safety of Fortacin™ have been proven by means of increased ejaculatory latency, control, and sexual satisfaction in large scale studies demonstrating the significant benefits for both patients and their partners.
Nefrectomia Radicale Laparoendoscopic Single-site (LESS) nel Tumore Renale: Tecnica e Risultati Chirurgici Cosmetici e Valutazione del Dolore Postoperatorio
Authors: Pini Giovannalberto , Veneziano Domenico , Altieri Vincenzo , Inferrera Antonino , Fornara Paolo , Greco Francesco
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Over the last few years, many urological laparoscopic operations have been successfully performed by LESS. However, the actual role of LESS in the field of minimally invasive urologic surgery remains to be determined with controversial data about postoperative pain control and almost no results on cosmetic data. The aim of the present study is to describe the technique and report the surgical outcomes of LESS radical nephrectomy (RN) in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with special emphasis for postoperative pain control and almost no results on cosmetic data.

Materials And Methods

LESS-RN was performed in 33 patients with renal tumors. The indications to perform a LESS-RN were represented by renal tumors not greater than T2, and without evidence of lymphadenopathy or renal vein involvement.

Surgical procedure

The Endocone (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) was inserted through a transumbilical incision. A combination of standard laparoscopic instruments and bent grasper and scissors was used. The step sequence of LESS-RN was comparable to standard laparoscopic RN. Demographic data and perioperative and postoperative variables were recorded and analyzed.

Results

The mean operative time was 143.7 ∓ 24.3 min, with a mean estimated blood loss of 122.3 ∓ 34.1 mL and a mean hospital stay of 3.8 ∓ 0.8 d. The mean length of skin incision was 4.1 ∓ 0.6 cm; all patients were discharged from hospital with minimal discomfort, as demonstrated by their pain assessment scores (visual analogue scale: 1.9 ∓ 0.8). The definitive pathologic results revealed a renal cell carcinoma in all cases and a stage distribution of four T1a, 27 T1b, and 2 T2 tumors. All patients were very satisfied with the appearance of the scars, and at a median follow-up period of 13.2 ∓ 3.9 mo, all patients were alive without evidence of tumor recurrence or port-site metastasis.

Conclusions

LESS is a safe and feasible surgical procedure for RN in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and has excellent cosmetic results.
-Able adjectives and the syntax of psych verbs
Authors: Alexiadou Artemis
Published: June 2018

This paper deals with some restrictions on the formation of -able adjectives from object experiencer verbs in comparison to subject experiencer verbs, focusing on English and Greek. Building on Oltra-Massuet (2013), the paper assumes that there are two places of attachment for -able, a high one, which combines with a structure including passive Voice, and a low one, which combines with a smaller structure. While subject experiencer verbs combine with low -able in both languages, the behavior of object experiencer verbs is not uniform. The unavailability of high -able formation with object experiencer verbs is correlated with the unavailability of passivization. In English, only those object experiencer verbs that yield a well-formed passive can combine with high -able. In Greek, OE verbs do not form passives or -able adjectives. The differences between English and Greek are accounted for by appealing to differences in their Voice systems, with specific reference to passive formation.
PARÂMETROS OPERACIONAIS DO PROCESSO DE DIGESTÃO ANAERÓBIA DE RESÍDUOS ALIMENTARES: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Gueri Matheus Diniz , De Souza Samuel Nelson Melegari , Kuczman Osvaldo
Published: June 2018

A geração de resíduos alimentares cresce conforme aumenta a demanda por alimentos, sendo atrelada a toda a cadeia de produção alimentar. Isso evidencia que novas técnicas devem ser desenvolvidas para assegurar o manejo e o tratamento adequado desses resíduos. A digestão anaeróbia surge então como uma alternativa promissora para o tratamento desses resíduos, que simultaneamente promove a geração de energia limpa e renovável. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo elucidar as principais características sobre os parâmetros operacionais da digestão anaeróbia de resíduos alimentares. Os resultados apresentam os problemas encontrados na digestão anaeróbia bem como suas possíveis soluções, descrevendo as características operacionais envolvidas. Pode-se concluir que, dentre os parâmetros pertinentes à digestão anaeróbia de resíduos alimentares, o teor de nutrientes é o mais significativo, o qual pode ser corrigido com a adição de cosubstratos para que o processo ocorra de maneira mais estável.
HIDRÓLISE ÁCIDA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE NANO LIGNINA EM PÓ
Authors: Stygar Lopes Marina , Elita Carneiro Mayara , Sulato de Andrade Alan , Potulski Daniele Cristina
Published: June 2018

O presente trabalho refere-se à produção e caracterização de nano lignina, ao utilizar uma hidrólise ácida em serragem, resíduo este gerado por serrarias. A nanotecnologia avança em diversos campos, devido ao seu grande potencial de novos usos para partículas em escala nanométrica. Consequentemente, o caráter renovável e biodegradável da lignina tem despertado interesse científico e econômico. A matéria prima deste estudo trata-se de serragem de Eucalyptus sp. Primeiramente, foi realizada a hidrólise ácida com ácido sulfúrico 72% na proporção 2:1. O material foi homogeneizado durante duas horas e então conservado em temperatura ambiente. Posteriormente, visando produzir a nano lignina, este material foi processado no moinho Microprocessador Super Masscolloider Masuko Sangyo nas concentrações de 1 e 2%. Para obter o pó da nano lignina foi necessário utilizar o equipamento denominado Spray Dryer, no qual o material é pulverizado dentro de uma câmara, terminando com a recuperação do material em pó. Estas nano ligninas em pó foram então caracterizadas pelas análises de espectroscopia de infravermelho médio, análise termogravimétrica, calorimetria exploratória diferencial, difração de Raios-x, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e de varredura. As análises realizadas mostraram características intrínsecas de lignina nos dois materiais produzidos, o que comprova a eficiência da hidrólise ácida realizada ao obter lignina da serragem. A eficiência do uso do moinho, para produção de material em escala nano, foi afirmada pelas análises de caracterização microscópicas.
IMPACTO DO DESCASCAMENTO DE ÁRVORES DE Pinus taeda L. POR MACACOS-PREGO NA PRODUÇÃO E RECEITA EM PLANTIOS COM DESBASTES
Authors: Liebsch Dieter , Moreira José Mauro Magalhães Ávila Paz , Oliveira Edilson Batista , Mikich Sandra Bos
Published: June 2018

Os macacos-prego (Sapajus nigritus) descascam árvores de pinus para consumir seiva em períodos de escassez de frutos nos remanescentes de Floresta com Araucária onde vivem. Este trabalho teve por objetivo demonstrar como se dá a perda física e financeira da madeira de pinus com danos provocados por macacos-prego. O estudo utilizou dados de um povoamento de Pinus taeda L. com 25 hectares, localizado no município de General Carneiro, região Centro-Sul do estado do Paraná. Foram medidas toras colhidas em dois desbastes (10 e 15 anos), bem como na colheita final (19 anos), com a quantificação das perdas de volume e da qualidade da madeira em função dos danos físicos, divididos em dois padrões: anelamentos ou janelamentos. Essas perdas foram avaliadas economicamente, comparando-se a receita obtida nos desbastes e no corte raso com a receita obtida com toras de árvores não danificadas. Concluiu-se que os danos provocados por macacos-prego resultam em perdas de incremento e qualidade da madeira, em que a primeira se dá principalmente em árvores com danos do tipo anelamento, enquanto a segunda nas árvores com janelamentos. Os dois tipos de danos levam a perdas de receita bruta para o povoamento, sendo essa maior no caso de anelamentos.
A EXPOSIÇÃO DE TRABALHADORES FLORESTAIS AO CALOR DURANTE O FENÔMENO EL NIÑO GODZILLA NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Nascimento Kauê Augusto Oliveira , Higuchi Niro , Emmert Fabiano
Published: June 2018

O conforto térmico laboral está entre 20 e 24°C, porém na Amazônia as médias diurnas superam os 28°C, ou seja, há desconforto térmico no trabalho. Para acentuar, a ocorrência de fenômenos extremos El Niño relacionados à mudança climática, vêm causando aumento das temperaturas na região e os efeitos recairão sobre a saúde e capacidade dos trabalhadores. O potencial desenvolvimento do manejo florestal e o bem-estar laboral vão de encontro a previsões de fenômenos extremos na Amazônia, o que justifica a realização deste trabalho. Este estudo teve como objetivo a coleta de variáveis ambientais durante o El Niño Godzilla (2015-2016) e comparação com outros períodos. O estudo foi conduzido no município de Itapiranga, Amazonas, Brasil, coordenadas latitude 02° 75’ S e longitude 58° 47’ W durante novembro de 2015. As variáveis coletadas foram: IBUTG (Índice de bulbo úmido e termômetro de globo) (°C); temperatura do ar (°C), temperatura de globo (°C) e umidade relativa do ar (%). As análises utilizaram testes t de Student para dados pareados e não-pareados, interpretados pela tabela de probabilidade do IPCC (2010). Os resultados demonstraram diferenças significativas para todas as variáveis e cenários: temperaturas maiores e umidade menor durante o El Niño Godzilla. As adequações práticas da exposição ao calor acarretam em maior bem-estar dos trabalhadores, com consequentes melhorias à saúde, à segurança e ao desempenho das operações, sob o cenário atual e de mudança climática.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA COBERTURA VEGETAL EM UMA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO PIAUÍ POR MEIO DE DOIS MÉTODOS
Authors: França Luciano Cavalcante de Jesus , Da Silva João Batista Lopes , Lisboa Gerson dos Santos , Mucida Danielle Piuzana , Cerqueira Clebson Lima , Rocha Samuel José Silva Soares da
Published: June 2018

Estudos de uso e cobertura do terreno são parâmetros importantes para se trabalhar a gestão e ordenamento agrícola, florestal e territorial. Diante disto, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a cobertura vegetal da bacia hidrográfica do riacho da Estiva, afluente do rio Uruçuí-Preto, por meio de dois métodos de classificação de imagens, com uso de imagens do Satélite Landsat 8 OLI. Realizou-se a classificação a partir do método IVDN (Índice de Vegetação da Diferença Normalizada), em que foram definidas três classes de antropização do terreno, e também por classificação supervisionada, divididas em cinco classes de cobertura vegetal, processadas pelo classificador Maximum Likelihood do Software ArcGIS 10.2. Ao comparar-se os dois métodos, verificou-se que a classificação pelo IVDN se apresentou mais simplificada quanto ao processamento e uso na análise da vegetação, entretanto, apresenta baixo nível de detalhamento, destinado especialmente às observações de cobertura vegetal e antropização de territórios. Já a classificação automatizada supervisionada apresentou maior nível de detalhes, devido à possibilidade de agrupamento de classes espectrais, destinando-se principalmente a análises em nível de paisagem, com definição de classes específicas à estudos de fitofisionomias e organização territorial da paisagem.
EFEITOS DE UM CICLONE EXTRATROPICAL NA BIOMASSA DE ÁRVORES EM FRAGMENTOS DE FLORESTA COM ARAUCÁRIA
Authors: Liebsch Dieter , Longhi-Santos Tomaz , Galvão Franklin , Mikich Sandra Bos , Marques Marcia Cristina Mendes
Published: June 2018

Distúrbios naturais causados pela intensificação dos efeitos das mudanças climáticas são cada vez mais comuns nas regiões subtropicais do Sul do Brasil. Procuramos quantificar a perda de biomassa aérea em fragmentos de Floresta com Araucária atingidos pela passagem de um ciclone extratropical e analisar como a dinâmica do recrutamento pode contribuir para recuperação da biomassa. Em 2009 foram alocadas 116 parcelas de 10 x 20 m, nas quais foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbóreos com DAP > 4,8 cm. Neste mesmo ano, parte das parcelas foi atingida por um ciclone extratropical. Em 2014 e 2016 as parcelas foram novamente amostradas. A biomassa foi definida com uso equação especifica, tanto para os indivíduos remanescentes, como para recrutados. Verificou-se uma diminuição significativa da biomassa nas parcelas afetadas pelo ciclone, assim como, maior ganho de biomassa dos indivíduos recrutados para essas áreas. Passados sete anos da ocorrência do ciclone, as parcelas afetadas não recuperaram a biomassa a níveis pré-ciclone. A intensificação de eventos climáticos extremos para região subtropical do continente Sul-americano é preocupante e traz uma nova questão a ser avaliada em estudos futuros.
COEFICIENTES DOWNGRADE PARA SORTIMENTOS DE TORAS DE PINUS
Authors: Serpe Edson Luis , Filho Afonso Figueiredo , Arce Julio Eduardo
Published: June 2018

A determinação de volumes comerciais por sortimento é de grande importância para a valorização dos ativos florestais. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar coeficiente downgrade para sortimentos de toras de pinus e analisar como estes coeficientes podem contribuir para a maior assertividade do volume total e por sortimentos em florestas. Foram utilizadas 100 árvores-amostra, selecionadas proporcionalmente de acordo com a distribuição de frequência por classe diamétrica do censo florestal. A colheita florestal foi realizada de forma mecanizada, utilizando o sistema de árvores inteiras (Full tree). Os coeficientes downgrade foram estimados utilizando-se o percentual do volume estimado por sortimento, e o percentual do volume por sortimento real, sendo definidos os coeficientes de downgrade para sortimentos, com a divisão entre o volume real e volume estimado. Os efeitos econômicos das perdas por downgrade de sortimentos foram avaliados e apresentaram perdas na receita bruta de 5,41%, reduzindo em R$ 1.300,95.ha-1.
ANÁLISE MÉTRICA DA COBERTURA FLORESTAL DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PEQUENO - PR
Authors: Rex Franciel Eduardo , Dalla Corte Ana Paula , Satomi Kazama Verônica , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto
Published: June 2018

O uso e a ocupação da terra de forma não planejada modificam a paisagem a ponto de torná-la mais suscetível a perturbações ambientais. Dentre as principais perturbações, destaca-se a fragmentação florestal. Para avaliar esse tipo de perturbação o uso do Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) é indicado por apresentar ferramentas de análise espacial apropriadas para esse fim.  O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a cobertura florestal da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pequeno com a aplicação de métricas de ecologia de paisagem, assim como analisar a conexão destas áreas com os cursos d’água. Foram utilizados dados vetoriais do uso da terra, hidrografia e da bacia Rio Pequeno, adquiridos pelo Instituto Águas Paraná. A área de estudo apresenta 47,16% de cobertura florestal, sendo composta pelas classes de vegetação arbórea, vegetação arbustiva e vegetação arbórea plantada. Nessas classes há um elevado número de fragmentos com uma área menor que 10ha, indicando uma paisagem fragmentada. As classes de vegetação natural apresentam formas mais irregulares (>2,0), enquanto que a classe de vegetação plantada apresenta um padrão mais regular de forma (1,84). Apenas 50% dos fragmentos de vegetação natural estão conectados aos cursos d’água. Esses resultados indicam que a bacia estudada está sofrendo com perturbações ambientais devido ao uso e ocupação da terra de forma indiscriminada. Portanto, a análise da estrutura e a espacialização via SIG culminam em produção de informações importantes que auxiliam na tomada de decisão para o manejo e conservação da paisagem.
Imaging pattern and histological features of Gorham-Stout Disease of the radius
Authors: Bruyere Clemence , Garibotto Valentina , Rougemont Anne Laure , Boudabbous Sana
Published: June 2018

Gorham-Stout Disease (GD) is a very rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by progressive osteolysis and soft tissue involvement. Imaging is non-specific, and diagnosis may be delayed. The evolution of the disease is unpredictable, with progression of the osteolysis, spontaneous regression, or in a few cases re-ossification. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman with GD of the radius. In this rare location, only few cases have been reported with all imaging modalities: conventional radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET-CT). We describe the characteristics of GD in different imaging modalities, as well as the histological features. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first metabolically active lesion in GD, with relevant implications for the differential diagnosis.
Innovative Scenarios in the Teaching and Learning Process: A View From the Implementation of Virtual Platforms
Authors: Valencia Heriberto Gonzalez , Enriquez Jakeline Amparo Villota , Tigreros Maria Eufemia Freire
Published: June 2018

In this research article an analysis and evaluation of virtual learning spaces is carried out. To address this process, three (3) academic virtual platforms were selected, Moodle, Blackboard and Jimdo. The methodology used was of a descriptive type, applying the synchronous and asynchronous methods of virtual teaching established in each of the Institutions. A description and evaluation of each virtual platform was carried out taking into account four identified criteria: the technical and material design; instructional design; tutorial action and the virtual class. The evaluation using educational platforms generated scenarios of innovation from the social view since it allowed both the teacher and student to rethink the evaluation not only as an instrument but as a transversal process linked to different fields such as: social, cultural, economic, etc.
Love (of God) as a Middle Way between Dogmatism and Hyper-Rationalism in Ethics
Authors: Ebels-Duggan Kyla ,   The Society of Christian Philosophers
Published: June 2018

In the Groundwork Kant asserts that the fundamental moral principle must be a principle of autonomy. He dismisses theistic principles, along with all other competitors to his Categorical Imperative, claiming that they are heteronomous. I argue that the best case for this Kantian conclusion conflates our access to the reasons for our commitments with an ability to state these reasons such that they could figure in an argument. This conflation, in turn, results from a certain Kantian conception of inclination, and its role in our moral psychology. These are views that we ought to reject. Having done so, we will see that a theistic ethics based on desire or love for God need not face a distinctive problem of heteronomy.
Friedrich Nietzsche, Obras Completas, Vol. IV. Escritos de madurez y Complementos a la edición
Authors: Olmedo Pablo
Published: June 2018

Reseña: Nietzsche, F., Obras Completas Vol. IV. Escritos de Madurez II y Complementos a la edición, Tecnos, Madrid, 2016.
La Filosofía del Renacimiento y el Humanismo según Thomas Leinkauf
Authors: Barceló Rafael Ramis
Published: June 2018

El presente escrito muestra algunas claves del monumental Grundriss Philosophie des Humanismus und der Renaissance (1350-1600), de Thomas Leinkauf, al tiempo que comenta algunas de sus hipótesis historiográficas y los hallazgos conceptuales del autor para entender este período.
Los infiernos de lo abstracto (Kafka en Zambrano)
Authors: Trueba Mira Virginia
Published: June 2018

Este trabajo analiza los textos que María Zambrano escribió sobre Frank Kafka atendiendo a las tres dimensiones que, a juicio de la pensadora, merecen destacarse de la obra del novelista: la narrativa, la histórica y, especialmente, la testimonial. En este último sentido, Zambrano ve desplegada en Kafka una crítica radical al pensamiento moderno y, en concreto, a la conciencia cartesiana, cuya materialización (monstruosa e irrepresentable) encarnarían a su juicio los diversos personajes del novelista. El concepto de vida larvaria y de vida larvada que Zambrano desarrolla en relación a esta última cuestión constituyen el centro de sus análisis, de los que se desprende, a su vez, un diagnóstico pesimista (Zambrano habla en términos de infierno) del mundo contemporáneo.
Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activity of Flower of Aloe vera and Leaf Extract of Aloe ferox
Authors: Shah Muhammad Haroon  , Sammia Shahid  , Syed Ammar Hussain  , Hamid Raza
Published: June 2018

Great attention has been focused on medicinal plants and phytoconstituents due to their free radicals scavenging tendency. The present study investigates the comparative antioxidant ability of aqueous extracts of flower of Aloe vera and leaf of Aloe ferox. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using the DPPH, FRAP and ABTS+ free-radical method. The IC50 values of aqueous extracts of flower of the A. vera and leaf of A. ferox in DPPH assay were 406.04 and 517.01 µg/ml, in ABTS+ radical scavenging assay were 44.72 and 173.05 µg/ml, EC1 in FRAP assay were 0.28 and 0.51 (mg/ml) respectively. Results of the present study showed that antioxidant capacity of whole leaf of Aloe ferox Mill was significantly higher than Aloe vera flowers.
SECURITY OF LIFE ON THE PLANET, DERIVED FROM AN ANALYSIS OF THE AGREEMENTS OF THE WORLD CLIMATE SUMMITS AND THE IPCC REPORTS
Authors: CANELO PEREZ JUAN IGNACIO , LAGUELA LOPEZ SUSANA , MAS ALIQUE PEDRO , FARFAN MARTIN ARTURO
Published: June 2018

This work constitutes a novel contribution of engineering and the university, carried out through analysis of the text content from the main sources of information on climate change and its effects, consisting of the declarations of the major Climate Summits (COP.1 to COP.22) and the reports of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1990, 1995, 2001, 2007 and 2014).
Molecular detection and phylogenetic assessment of six honeybee viruses in Apis mellifera L. colonies in Bulgaria
Authors: Shumkova Rositsa , Neov Boyko , Sirakova Daniela , Georgieva Ani , Gadjev Dimitar , Teofanova Denitsa , Radoslavov Georgi , Bouga Maria , Hristov Peter
Published: June 2018

Honey bee colonies suffer from various pathogens, including honey bee viruses. About 24 viruses have been reported so far. However, six of them are considered to cause severe infection which inflicts heavy losses on beekeeping. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence of six honey bee viruses: deformed wing virus (DWV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), sacbrood virus (SBV), kashmir bee virus (KBV), and black queen cell virus (BQCV) by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total of 250 adult honey bee samples were obtained from 50 colonies from eight apiaries situated in three different parts of the country (South, North and West Bulgaria). The results showed the highest prevalence of DWV followed by SBV and ABPV, and one case of BQCV. A comparison with homology sequences available in GenBank was performed by phylogenetic analysis, and phylogenetic relationships were discussed in the context of newly described genotypes in the uninvestigated South Eastern region of Europe. In conclusion, the present study has been the first to provide sequencing data and phylogenetics analyses of some honey bee viruses in Bulgaria.