bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Cu18H3(S-Adm)12(PPh3)4Cl2]: fusion of Platonic and Johnson solids through a Cu(0) center and its photophysical properties
Authors: Das Anish Kumar , Biswas Sourav , Wani Vaibhav S. , Nair Akhil S. , Pathak Biswarup , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: June 2022

An example of a butterfly-like [Cu18H3(S-Adm)12(PPh3)4Cl2] cluster with vertex-sharing kernels through a Cu(0) center. Combined experimental and theoretical results correlate its photophysical properties with its unique structural architecture.
N/O-rich multilayered ultramicroporous carbon for highly efficient capture and conversion of CO2 under atmospheric conditions
Authors: Hui Wei , Xu Xin-Yi , Mao Fei-Feng , Shi Ling , Wang Hai-Jun
Published: June 2022

Porous carbon materials have shown great promise for the efficient capture and conversion of atmospheric CO2 yet remain challenging.
Unraveling the diffusion kinetics of honeycomb structured Na2Ni2TeO6 as a high-potential and stable electrode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Pati Jayashree , Raj Hari , Sapra Simranjot K. , Dhaka Anita , Bera A. K. , Yusuf S. M. , Dhaka R. S.
Published: June 2022

Honeycomb structured Na2Ni2TeO6 can be used as a high voltage and stable cathode for Na-ion batteries where understanding the diffusion kinetics through electrochemical study plays a crucial role for the development of future energy storage devices.
Statistical channel modelling of full‐angle 3.5 GHz OAM in indoor corridor scenario
Authors: Wang Yang , Shi Panpan , Liao Xi , Tennant A.
Published: June 2022

A 3.5 GHz OAM antenna with ±1 mode was designed and fabricated, and the channel measurement in frequency domain was used to measure the channel in full angle domain under indoor multipath scenarios. Then, the modified probability density function of Gaussian distribution, Laplacian distribution, and Von Mises distribution are used to establish the OAM full‐angle statistical channel model. The fitting curve results well represent the statistical characteristics of OAM in indoor multipath scenario.
Full‐state discrete‐time model‐based stability analysis and parameter design of dual active bridge converter in energy storage system
Authors: Xiao Zhongxiu , Lei Wanjun , Xiang Zhangwei , Yin Yilin , Wang Wenhua
Published: June 2022

The dual active bridge (DAB) converter plays a crucial role in energy storage system application of DC microgrid. In such a cascade system, maintaining its stability is imperative for reliable operation of the DAB converter under constant current, constant power, and constant voltage charging mode. Firstly, the accurate discrete‐time models considering parasitic resistances are applied for three charging modes to reveal the system dynamic characteristics. The discrete‐time small‐signal models for different operation modes are developed further which gives guidance in the controller's parameters design. Secondly, the comprehensive and systematic analysis of all the possible unstable phenomena for three charging modes are conducted according to the discrete‐time model. Finally, the underlying mechanisms are revealed by analyzing the relationships among the state variables, the Floquet multipliers, and system parameters. It is demonstrated that the inductor and output capacitor of the DAB converter, the DC bus voltage, the equivalent series resistance of the battery, and the proportional constant can influence the system stability under all charging modes greatly. Hence, the stability‐oriented parameter design process is given which can provide the guidance in practical. The theoretical analysis under these three types operating modes is verified by simulations and experimental results.
Economic valuation of wetland ecosystem services in northeastern part of Vietnam
Authors: Dang Kinh Bac , Phan Thi Thanh Hai , Nguyen Thu Thuy , Pham Thi Phuong Nga , Nguyen Manh Ha , Dang Van Bao , Hoang Thi Thu Huong , Ngo Van Liem
Published: June 2022

Coastal wetlands have been heavily exploited in the world. Valuation of ecosystem services help to provide the necessary improvements in coastal policy and management to monitor the driving forces of ecological changes in wetland ecosystems. In this study, the monetary values of wetland ecosystem services (WES) in the northeastern part of Vietnam were evaluated based on the integration of different quantitative methods, including interview, remote sensing, ecological modeling, statistic, and cost-benefit analyses. Particularly, seven wetland ecosystems and eleven services obtained from them were identified. As a result, the annual net WES value is evaluated at more than 390 million USD. The intensive and industrial aquaculture ecosystems in the northeastern part represent the highest economic value with more than 2100 USD/ha/year. A “planning” scenario was formulated to predict WES for the next ten years based on policy changes published by local managers. The framework developed here can serve as a decision support tool for environmental and economic managers in wetlands planning.
Unterschiedliche berufliche und gesundheitliche Belastungen psychisch
und körperlich erkrankter EM-Rentner*innen –
Implikationen für das Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Lippke Sonia , Keller Franziska M. , Schüz Natalie , Hessel Aike , Dahmen Alina
Published: June 2022

Ziel der Studie Der demographische Wandel mit einer zunehmenden Anzahl von
Menschen, die Versorgungsbezüge erhalten und dem gegenüber einer
abnehmende Anzahl von erwerbstätigen Personen, die in die
Versorgungssysteme einzahlen, führt zu großen Herausforderungen
für die deutschen Sozialsicherungssysteme. Insbesondere gilt es, die
Erwerbstätigkeit zu erhalten bzw. wiederherzustellen, sodass im
Besonderen eine (vorzeitige) Erwerbsminderung verhindert werden sollte bzw.
Erwerbsminderungsrentner*innen (EM-Rentner*innen) bei der
Rückkehr in das Arbeitsleben unterstützen werden, wofür
es allerdings bisher kaum wissenschaftlich basierte Angebote gibt. Es wird
vermutet, dass sich die Bedürfnisse bei EM-Rentner*innen, die
psychisch oder körperlich erkrankt sind, unterscheiden. Daher sollen in
dieser Studie entsprechende Unterschiede untersucht werden.

Methodik453 Versicherte in befristeter EM-Rente wurden telefonisch
interviewt. Diejenigen, die „seelische und psychische
Erkrankungen“ angaben, wurden als „psychisch erkrankte
EM-Rentner*innen“ kategorisiert. Unterschiede in demographischen
Variablen, Arbeitsbedingungen vor Beantragung der EM-Rente und Ressourcen wie
Selbstwirksamkeit und soziale Unterstützung wurden in deskriptiven
Analysen und vier multivariaten Varianzanalysen mit Post-hoc Tests
untersucht.

Ergebnisse Ein Drittel der Stichprobe (33,1%) gab an, aufgrund von
psychischen Erkrankungen eine EM-Rente zu beziehen. Sie unterschieden sich von
körperlich erkrankten EM-Rentner*innen in einer Vielzahl an
Charakteristika. Beispielsweise fühlten sie sich geistig älter
und hatten eine geringere berufsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit sowie eine geringere
psychische Lebensqualität. Auch bei den Arbeitsbedingungen vor
Renteneintritt spielte die psychische Belastung bei den psychisch erkrankten
Erwerbsminderungsrentner*innen eine größere Rolle.

Schlussfolgerung Psychisch erkrankte EM-Rentner*innen
unterscheiden sich von körperlich erkrankten EM-Rentner*innen in
einer erheblichen Anzahl von beeinflussenden und aufrechterhaltenen Faktoren.
Daher sollten zur Förderung eines Verbleibs bzw. einer Rückkehr
ins Erwerbsleben Maßnahmen mit unterschiedlichen Schwerpunkten
für diese beiden Gruppen angeboten werden.
Implementierung eines Modellprojektes zur
phasenübergreifenden Unterstützung von krebskranken Eltern mit
minderjährigen Kindern
Authors: Krüger Lea , Panse Jens , Hugot Jessica , Dohmen Marc , Bremen Rebecca , Habel Ute , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Ernstmann Nicole , Petermann-Meyer Andrea
Published: June 2022

Ziel der Studie Familien mit einem onkologisch erkrankten Elternteil sind
besonderen emotionalen und organisatorischen Belastungen ausgesetzt, unter denen
v. a. minderjährige Kinder leiden. Um die Belastung der
Familienmitglieder zu reduzieren und einen koordinierten Zugang zu sozialen und
logistischen Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten zu schaffen, wurde das
Modellprojekt Brückenschlag initiiert. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags
ist, die Einführung dieses Projektes in Anlehnung an das
Inanspruchnahme-Modell von Andersen bezüglich Akzeptanz und
Inanspruchnahme zu evaluieren.

Methodik In einer querschnittlich angelegten Beobachtungsstudie im
Mixed-Methods-Ansatz wurden semi-strukturierte schriftliche Expertenbefragungen
(n=10) und die Sekundäranalyse von Routinedaten des
Versorgungsmodells (n=171 Familien) kombiniert.

Ergebnisse Quantitative Sekundäranalyse: Die teilnehmenden
Familien haben 1–7 Kinder (Median (M) 2, Spannweite (S) 6). In
66% der Fälle ist die Mutter erkrankt, in 20% ist das
erkrankte Elternteil alleinerziehend. Die familiären
Kommunikationsstrukturen werden als
„mittelmäßig“ bis „ziemlich
offen“ eingeschätzt. Von den insgesamt 171 Kontaktaufnahmen
(Studienzeitraum 9/14 bis 11/17), wurde Brückenschlag
von 133 Familien in Anspruch genommen. 59,2% der Kontakte entstanden
über die Psychoonkologie und den Sozialdienst. Kam der Kontakt auf
Initiative des Patienten selbst oder durch die Psychoonkologie zustande, so wird
signifikant häufiger (p=0,047) eine Begleitung etabliert als bei
anderen Kontaktpersonen. Qualitative Analyse: Es zeigt sich ein Mangel in der
Bekanntschaft und Koordination vorhandener Unterstützungsangebote und an
familiären Ressourcen, vorhandene Unterstützungsangebote in
Anspruch zu nehmen. Sowohl von den Familien gewünschte als auch im
Verlauf etablierte Unterstützung fallen vor allem in den Bereich
organisatorischer Unterstützung. Brückenschlag erleichtert dabei
die Netzwerkarbeit und übernimmt eine Lotsenfunktion für die
Familien.

Schlussfolgerung Die gesammelten Daten deuten darauf hin, dass Familien,
die in ihren soziodemographischen Merkmalen dem deutschen Durchschnitt
entsprechen, tatsächlich einen großen Bedarf an
organisatorischer Unterstützung entwickeln, sobald ein Elternteil an
Krebs erkrankt. Das Modellprojekt Brückenschlag schafft einen Zugang zu
Unterstützungsleistungen für Familien mit einem krebserkrankten
Elternteil.
Nutzung digitaler Innovationen durch Patient*innen im
Versorgungsprozess – Ein Scoping Review
Authors: Kreyenschulte Thea , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund Digitale Innovationen der Gesundheitsversorgung werden
weiterhin umfangreich erforscht und öffentlich diskutiert. Die
Forschungsperspektive ist dabei häufig indikationsspezifisch oder
prozessorientiert und fokussiert eine Anwendung durch Health Professionals in
den jeweiligen Versorgungssettings. Aus Perspektive der Patient*innen
gibt es weitere digitale Innovationen und Nutzungsmöglichkeiten, die
zusätzlich zu sektoralen Versorgungsangeboten im Privaten
stattfinden.

Ziel der Arbeit Die Abbildung der für Patient*innen
aktuell verfügbaren digitalen Innovationen sowie ihrer
Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Versorgungsprozess stehen im Zentrum des
vorliegenden Scoping Reviews. Dieses exploriert folgende Fragestellung: Welche
digitalen Innovationen existieren derzeit für Patient*innen in
der Gesundheitsversorgung?

Material und Methoden 44 internationale Publikationen wurden anhand einer
systematisierten Literaturrecherche in vier Datenbanken für die Analyse
identifiziert. Sie wurden nach den Arten digitaler Innovationen, ihrer Nutzung
durch Patient*innen, sowie ihrer Verortung innerhalb des
Versorgungsprozesses kategorisiert und analysiert. Darüber hinaus wurden
die Intentionen diskutiert, mit denen digitale Innovationen angewendet werden
können.

Ergebnisse Aktuell konzentriert sich die Forschung auf durch
Patient*innen angewendete digitale Innovationen im Therapiebereich. Es
entsteht ein breites Anwendungsspektrum von Interfaces zur digitalen Versorgung.
Hierzu zählen Apps, Smart-Devices, Telekonsultation,
Patient*innenportale, Games, Implantate, Robotik, intelligente
Informations- und Kommunikationssysteme oder
Ambient-Assisted-Living-Umgebungen.

Schlussfolgerung Viele digital gestützte Gesundheitsanwendungen
haben die ausschließlich eigenständige Nutzung durch
Patient*innen zum Ziel oder werden in nur teilweiser Interaktion mit
Versorger*innen ausgeführt. Insofern könnte die aktive
Teilhabe und Eigenverantwortung von Patient*innen im Behandlungsprozess
mithilfe digitaler Innovationen gestärkt werden.
Algorithmus zur Unterscheidung von Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 und Typ 2
bei der Analyse von Routinedaten
Authors: Reitzle Lukas , Ihle Peter , Heidemann Christin , Paprott Rebecca , Köster Ingrid , Schmidt Christian
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund Diabetes mellitus ist eine Erkrankung von hoher
Public-Health-Relevanz. Zur Schätzung der zeitlichen Entwicklung der
Prävalenz kommen auch Routinedaten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung
zum Einsatz. In diesen primär zu Abrechnungszwecken generierten Daten
stellt die Definition von Erkrankungen eine besondere methodische
Herausforderung dar. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein Algorithmus zur
Unterscheidung von Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes für die Analyse von
Routinedaten entwickelt.

Methodik Datengrundlage ist eine alters- und geschlechtsstratifizierte
Zufallsstichprobe der Versicherten der Barmer mit einer durchgehenden
Versicherungsdauer von 2010 bis 2018 in der Größenordnung von
1% der deutschen Bevölkerung. Ein Diabetes wurde im Berichtsjahr
2018 definiert als Dokumentation (1) einer gesicherten ICD-Diagnose E10.- bis
E14.- im ambulanten Sektor in mindestens 2 Quartalen, (2) einer gesicherten
ICD-Diagnose E10.- bis E14.- in einem Quartal mit einer zusätzlichen
Antidiabetikaverordnung (ATC-Codes A10) oder (3) einer ICD-Diagnose E10.- bis
E14.- im stationären Sektor, dem ambulanten Operieren oder der
Arbeitsunfähigkeit. Anhand der ICD-Diagnosen E10.- bis E14.- und der
verordneten Arzneimittel, unterschieden nach Insulin und anderen Antidiabetika,
wurden die Personen einem Diabetestypen zugeordnet. Nicht eindeutige oder
widersprüchliche Konstellationen wurden anhand des Alters, der
Häufigkeit sowie überjährigen Betrachtung der
Diagnosedokumentation zugeordnet. Die Einschreibung in ein
Disease-Management-Programm wurde in einer Sensitivitätsanalyse
berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse Die Prävalenz des dokumentierten Diabetes in der
Stichprobe der Barmer betrug im Jahr 2018 8,8%. Anhand des Algorithmus
konnten 98,5% der Personen mit Diabetes dem Typ-1-Diabetes
(5,5%), dem Typ-2-Diabetes (92,6%) oder einer weiteren
spezifischen Diabetesform (0,43%) zugeordnet werden. Somit ergaben sich
für das Jahr 2018 Prävalenzen von 0,48% für den
Typ-1-Diabetes und 8,1% für den Typ-2-Diabetes.

Schlussfolgerung Bereits anhand weniger Merkmale wie Diagnosen,
Arzneimittelverordnung und dem Alter lässt sich die große
Mehrzahl der Personen mit Diabetes einem Typ zuordnen. In
weiterführenden Studien sollte im Abgleich mit Primärdaten die
externe Validität geprüft werden. So ermöglicht der
Algorithmus die Auswertung wichtiger epidemiologischer Kennzahlen und der
Häufigkeit von Folge- und Begleiterkrankungen auf Basis von Routinedaten
differenziert nach Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes, welche in der Surveillance des
Diabetes zukünftig berücksichtigt werden sollen.
Sagittal Patellar Offset Ratio Can Be a Predictor of Anterior Knee Pain after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty without Patella Resurfacing
Authors: Aliyev Orkhan , Sarıkaş Murat , Uçan Vahdet , Uzer Gökçer , Tuncay İbrahim , Yıldız Fatih
Published: June 2022

Background Anterior knee pain (AKP) is an issue that persists even after successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In some patients, reasons for AKP occurrence are known, but it is
unexplained in some others despite the patellofemoral joint being thought to be the main focus of pain. We investigated the relationship between unexplained AKP and the patellofemoral joint
in the sagittal plane after primary TKA.

Methods We evaluated 372 knees of 317 patients retrospectively, who had completed a minimum 24-month follow-up. We divided them into two groups according to the presence of AKP.
Sagittal patellar offset ratio (SPOR), anterior femoral offset ratio (AFOR), and Insall-Salvati ratio (ISR) were measured on lateral X-rays. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Oxford
knee score (OKS) and WOMAC pre-and postoperatively, and AKP was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) postoperatively.

Results Between non-AKP and AKP groups, SPOR (p < 0.001) and AFOR (p = 0.03) were significantly different but not ISR (p = 0.89). SPOR and AFOR were found to be two independent
risk factors that may predict the likelihood of AKP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that AFOR is a poor value, whereas SPOR is a reasonable predictive value. No
correlation between SPOR and postoperative OKS (p = 0.92) and WOMAC (p = 0.25) and no correlation between AFOR and postoperative OKS (p = 0.44) and WOMAC (p = 0.58) were found.

Conclusion We found that SPOR is a good predictive tool with a cutoff value of 46.4% and 91.5% sensitivity for AKP and its increased ratio increases the probability of AKP following
TKA. Considering that the patellar offset will not change, especially in patients without patella resurfacing, care should be taken not to increase the anterior femoral offset.
COVID-19 Prognosis in Association with Antidepressant
Use
Authors: Min Kyung Hyun , Kim Tae Hyeok , Oh Soo Jin , Kim Woorim , Lee Kyung Eun
Published: June 2022

Introduction Various subtypes of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 and variations among immune systems in different ethnicities need
to be considered to understand the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19). This study aimed to provide evidence for the association between the
use of antidepressants and the severity of COVID-19.

Methods We used the National Health Information Data-COVID database.
Patients with one or more prescriptions of any antidepressant were selected as
the exposure group. Detailed analyses were performed to determine the type of
medication associated with the prognosis.

Results The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) was
associated with a lower risk of severe outcomes of COVID-19, whereas the use of
tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) increased the risk of poor prognosis of
COVID-19. Detailed analyses showed that escitalopram was significantly
associated with better clinical outcomes, and nortriptyline was linked to more
severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Conclusion This study revealed an association between antidepressants and
COVID-19 prognosis. SSRIs were significantly associated with a lower risk of
severe outcomes, whereas TCAs were related to the poor prognosis of
COVID-19.
Evaluation and Management of Blepharoptosis
Authors: Pelton Ron W.
Published: June 2022

Drooping of the upper eyelid margin, aka blepharoptosis or “ptosis,” is common. Whether the ptosis is severe or mild, congenital or acquired, aponeurotic or neuropathic or myopathic, proper management always begins with a detailed history and evaluation of the patient. The information gathered will direct the surgeon in choosing the technique most likely to give the best result. This article will briefly review common causes of ptosis, the evaluation of the ptosis patient as well as the two most common types of surgical intervention.
Delayed Fracture Healing
Authors: Mick Paul , Fischer Christian
Published: June 2022

Physiologic bone healing involves numerous parameters, such as microstability, fracture morphology, or tissue perfusion, to name just a few. Slight imbalances or a severe impairment of even one of these factors may, as the figurative weakest link in the chain, crucially or completely inhibit the regenerative potential of a fractured bone. This review revisits the physiology and pathophysiology of fracture healing and provides an insight into predispositions, subtypes, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic principles involved with delayed fracture healing and nonunions. Depending on the patients individual risk factors, nonunions may develop in a variety of subtypes, each of which may require a slightly or fundamentally different therapeutical approach. After a detailed analysis of these individual factors, additional diagnostic tools, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, sonography, or contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, may be indicated to narrow down the most likely cause for the development of the nonunion and therefore help find and optimize the ideal treatment strategy.
Effects of Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy on the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Aparisi Gómez Maria Pilar , Aparisi Francisco , Morganti Alessio Giuseppe , Fanti Stefano , Bazzocchi Alberto
Published: June 2022

The effects of radiation and chemotherapy on the musculoskeletal (MSK) system are diverse, and interpretation may be challenging. The different lines of treatment have effects on diseased and normal marrow, and they may lead to complications that must be differentiated from recurrence or progression. This review analyzes the changes induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the MSK system in the adult and pediatric population, and the expected associated imaging findings. Treatments are often combined, so the effects may blend. Awareness of the spectrum of changes, complications, and their imaging appearances is paramount for the correct diagnosis. The assessment of body composition during and after treatment allows potential interventions to implement long-term outcomes and personalize treatments. Imaging techniques such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging provide information on body composition that can be incorporated into clinical pathways. We also address future perspectives in posttreatment assessment.
Telehealth as a Means of Enabling Health Equity
Authors: Kuziemsky Craig , Hunter Inga , Udayasankaran Jai Ganesh , Ranatunga Prasad , Kulatunga Gumindu , John Sheila , John Oommen , Flórez-Arango José F. , Ito Marcia , Ho Kendall , Gogia Shahi B. , Araujo Kleber , Rajput Vije Kumar , Meijer Wouter J. , Basu Arindam
Published: June 2022

Objective: The goal of this paper is to provide a consensus review on telehealth delivery prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic to develop a set of recommendations for designing telehealth services and tools that contribute to system resilience and equitable health.

Methods: The IMIA-Telehealth Working Group (WG) members conducted a two-step approach to understand the role of telehealth in enabling global health equity. We first conducted a consensus review on the topic followed by a modified Delphi process to respond to four questions related to the role telehealth can play in developing a resilient and equitable health system.

Results: Fifteen WG members from eight countries participated in the Delphi process to share their views. The experts agreed that while telehealth services before and during COVID-19 pandemic have enhanced the delivery of and access to healthcare services, they were also concerned that global telehealth delivery has not been equal for everyone. The group came to a consensus that health system concepts including technology, financing, access to medical supplies and equipment, and governance capacity can all impact the delivery of telehealth services.

Conclusion: Telehealth played a significant role in delivering healthcare services during the pandemic. However, telehealth delivery has also led to unintended consequences (UICs) including inequity issues and an increase in the digital divide. Telehealth practitioners, professionals and system designers therefore need to purposely design for equity as part of achieving broader health system goals.
Social Media, Digital Health Literacy, and Digital Ethics in the Light of Health Equity
Authors: Rivera-Romero Octavio , Gabarron Elia , Miron-Shatz Talya , Petersen Carolyn , Denecke Kerstin
Published: June 2022

Objective: Social media is used in the context of healthcare, for example in interventions for promoting health. Since social media are easily accessible they have potential to promote health equity. This paper studies relevant factors impacting on health equity considered in social media interventions.

Methods: We searched for literature to identify potential relevant factors impacting on health equity considered in social media interventions. We included studies that reported examples of health interventions using social media, focused on health equity, and analyzed health equity factors of social media. We identified Information about health equity factors and targeted groups.

Results: We found 17 relevant articles. Factors impacting on health equity reported in the included papers were extracted and grouped into three categories: digital health literacy, digital ethics, and acceptability.

Conclusions: Literature shows that it is likely that digital technologies will increase health inequities associated with increased age, lower level of educational attainment, and lower socio-economic status. To address this challenge development of social media interventions should consider participatory design principles, visualization, and theories of social sciences.
Update: Posttreatment Imaging of the Knee after Cartilage Repair
Authors: Heiss Rafael , Guermazi Ali , Janka Rolf , Uder Michael , Li Xinning , Hayashi Daichi , Roemer Frank W.
Published: June 2022

Focal cartilage lesions are common pathologies at the knee joint that are considered important risk factors for the premature development of osteoarthritis. A wide range of surgical options, including but not limited to marrow stimulation, osteochondral auto- and allografting, and autologous chondrocyte implantation, allows for targeted treatment of focal cartilage defects. Arthroscopy is the standard of reference for the assessment of cartilage integrity and quality before and after repair. However, deep cartilage layers, intrachondral composition, and the subchondral bone are only partially or not at all visualized with arthroscopy. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging offers noninvasive evaluation of the cartilage repair site, the subchondral bone, and the soft tissues of the joint pre- and postsurgery. Radiologists need to be familiar with the different surgical procedures available and their characteristic postsurgical imaging appearances to assess treatment success and possible complications adequately. We provide an overview of the most commonly performed surgical procedures for cartilage repair at the knee and typical postsurgical imaging characteristics.
Endoscopy in the Management of Complications of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Patel Nicole , Shah Ishani , Wadhwa Vaibhav , Sawhney Mandeep S.
Published: June 2022

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute necroinflammatory condition of the pancreas and one of the most common gastrointestinal conditions requiring hospitalization. Over the past decade, treatment of such AP-related complications has been majorly focused on incorporating a multidisciplinary approach involving distinct endoscopic, radiologic, and surgical interventions. Our review focuses on the role of endoscopic interventions in the management of local complications associated with AP, such as pancreatic fluid collections, walled-off necrosis, and pancreatic duct disruption.
Research in Musculoskeletal Radiology: Setting Goals and Strategic Directions
Authors: Klontzas Michail E. , Karantanas Apostolos H.
Published: June 2022

The future of musculoskeletal (MSK) radiology is being built on research developments in the field. Over the past decade, MSK imaging research has been dominated by advancements in molecular imaging biomarkers, artificial intelligence, radiomics, and novel high-resolution equipment. Adequate preparation of trainees and specialists will ensure that current and future leaders will be prepared to embrace and critically appraise technological developments, will be up to date on clinical developments, such as the use of artificial tissues, will define research directions, and will actively participate and lead multidisciplinary research. This review presents an overview of the current MSK research landscape and proposes tangible future goals and strategic directions that will fortify the future of MSK radiology.
Medical Students' Knowledge of Plastic Surgery as a Reflection of the Public Perception
Authors: Yaacobi Dafna Shilo , Shachar Tal , Lvovsky Alex , Cohen Avi , Ad-El Dean D. , Olshinka Asaf , Grush Andrew E. , Barel Eric
Published: June 2022

Plastic surgery is a broad field that requires a mixed skillset. Therefore, it is important that students be exposed to all its various subspecialties to make informed career decisions and to properly refer patients in different clinical situations. A nationwide survey was conducted of Israeli medical students to investigate their knowledge and perceptions regarding the field of plastic surgery and its subspecialties, and the impact of a clinical rotation in plastic surgery on these factors. A total of 300 subjects responded. Approximately, 61% of the cohort was female and 70% were enrolled in a 6-year program. About one-third stated that their field of interest was surgical rather than medical. Significant variability was noted in the accuracy of responses to questions about different procedures encompassed in the scope of plastic surgery. Although 90% of the students were aware of some common plastic surgery procedures that are also often thought to be well known to the public, only 50% were able to correctly identify lesser-known surgeries performed by plastic surgeons. Knowledge about plastic surgery was unrelated to an interest in the field. We recommend adjusting preclinical instruction and clinical rotations in plastic surgery to better prepare students to select a specialty best suited to their future goals, as well as to improve their ability to refer patients to other specialists as necessary.
‘Even Though I Get a Loan, My Husband Controls It’: Rhetoric Versus Reality of Empowering Bangladeshi Women Through Microfinance Programs
Authors: Shohel Tunvir Ahamed , Niner Sara , Gunawardana Samanthi J.
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the development intervention of microfinance programs with women borrowers in strong patriarchal communities such as in rural Bangladesh. Using Rahman's framework (1999) of 'public transcript' vs. 'hidden transcript', we describe how women's structural vulnerability is understood and leveraged by the microfinance institutions (MFIs). The findings in this paper is based on data from 331 surveys and 40 in-depth interviews fromDumuria, a southern sub-district of Bangladesh. We found that MFIs’ providers largely conceptualized women's empowerment as increasde in financial participation, mobility and household decision-making. Although the MFIs  present microfinance programs as successfully contributing to women’s empowerment, we found that the patriarchal gender norm(s) pervasive in rural Bangladesh meant that men controlled and used most of the microfinance loans. We also found that MFI's do little to monitor or address this issue, instead, they emphasizing high loan recovery rates as evidence of women’s empowerment. Furthermore, MFIs leveraged women's structural vulnerability apparent in the gendered division of labour, mobility restrictions,  and notions of honour and shame to ensure the high recovery rates. We conclude that MFIs obscure the reality of their ulterior profit-making motives with the rhetoric of false narratives of women's empowerment.
Coronavirus shape alters infection ability
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: June 2022

Elliptical SARS-CoV-2 viruses exhibit different properties than their more infamous but less common spherical counterparts.
Intraoperative use of impact microindentation to assess distal radius bone quality
Authors: Lee Donald H. , Reasoner Kaitlyn , Uppuganti Sasidhar , Desai Mihir J. , Nyman Jeffry S.
Published: June 2022

Impact microindentation is a new technique that measures the resistance of a patient’s bone to micro-indentation but has not yet been implemented in an intraoperative setting. To assess the technique’s safety and utility, we acquired microindentation measurements of bone material strength index (BMSi) using the OsteoProbe prior to distal radius fixation with a volar locking plate. Subsequently, the patients received a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to measure the areal bone mineral density of the proximal femur, lumbar spine, and contralateral distal radius. By assigning the patients to low-energy, fragility fracture (n = 17) and high-energy fracture (n = 11) groups based on clinical history, we investigated whether intraoperative BMSi was sensitive to osteoporosis. Impact microindentation added a maximum of 10 min of operative time and did not result in any intraoperative or postoperative complications. There were, however, no significant differences in BMSi at the radius between these two groups. This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing intraoperative impact microindentation to directly assess a patient’s bone quality, but additional research is necessary to establish whether intraoperative microindentation can identify patients with inferior bone matrix quality.
Chemically exfoliated inorganic nanosheets for nanoelectronics
Authors: Taniguchi Takaaki , Nurdiwijayanto Leanddas , Ma Renzhi , Sasaki Takayoshi
Published: June 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials constitute one of the most advanced research targets in materials science and engineering in this century. Among various methods for the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials, including top-down exfoliation and bottom-up crystal growth, chemical exfoliation has been widely used to yield monolayers of various layered compounds, such as clay minerals, transition metal chalcogenides (TMDCs), and oxides, long before the discovery of graphene. Soft chemical exfoliation is a technique to weaken the layer-to-layer interaction in layered compounds by chemical modification of interlayer galleries, which promotes monolayer exfoliation. The chemical exfoliation process using organic substances, typically amines, has been applied to a range of layered metal oxides and hydroxides for two decades, establishing high-yield exfoliation into their highly crystalline monolayers and colloidal integration processes have been developed to assemble the resultant 2D nanomaterials into well-organized nanoscale devices. Recently, such a strategy was found to be effective for TMDC and MXene nanosheets, expanding the lineup of functionalities of solution-processed 2D nanomaterial devices from dielectrics, optics, magnetics, and semiconductors to superconductors. Throughout this review, we share the historical research flow, recent progress, and prospects in the development of soft-chemical exfoliation, colloidal integration, and thin film applications of oxides, TMDC, and MXene nanosheets.
Label-free biological sample detection and non-contact separation system based on microfluidic chip
Authors: Lv Ning , Zhang Lu , Yang Zewen , Wang Huijun , Yang Nan , Li Hao
Published: June 2022

The detection and separation of biological samples are of great significance for achieving accurate diagnoses and state assessments. Currently, the detection and separation of cells mostly adopt labeling methods, which will undoubtedly affect the original physiological state and functions of cells. Therefore, in this study, a label-free cell detection method based on microfluidic chips is proposed. By measuring the scattering of cells to identify cells and then using optical tweezers to separate the target cells, the whole process without any labeling and physical contact could realize automatic cell identification and separation. Different concentrations of 15 µm polystyrene microspheres and yeast mixed solution are used as samples for detection and separation. The detection accuracy is over 90%, and the separation accuracy is over 73%.
Reduced models for ETG transport in the tokamak pedestal
Authors: Hatch D. R. , Michoski C. , Kuang D. , Chapman-Oplopoiou B. , Curie M. , Halfmoon M. , Hassan E. , Kotschenreuther M. , Mahajan S. M. , Merlo G. , Pueschel M. J. , Walker J. , Stephens C. D.
Published: June 2022

This paper reports on the development of reduced models for electron temperature gradient (ETG) driven transport in the pedestal. Model development is enabled by a set of 61 nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations with input parameters taken from pedestals in a broad range of experimental scenarios. The simulation data have been consolidated in a new database for gyrokinetic simulation data, the multiscale gyrokinetic database (MGKDB), facilitating the analysis. The modeling approach may be considered a generalization of the standard quasilinear mixing length procedure. The parameter η, the ratio of the density to temperature gradient scale length, emerges as the key parameter for formulating an effective saturation rule. With a single order-unity fitting coefficient, the model achieves an error of 15%. A similar model for ETG particle flux is also described. We also present simple algebraic expressions for the transport informed by an algorithm for symbolic regression.
Improvement in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and its voltage control efficiency in CoFeB/MgO tunnel junctions with Ta/Mo layered adhesion structures
Authors: Ichinose Tomohiro , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Uzuhashi Jun , Nozaki Takayuki , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Yakushiji Kay , Tamaru Shingo , Hono Kazuhiro , Yuasa Shinji
Published: June 2022

By utilizing Ta/Mo layered adhesion structures, thermally robust perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effects were achieved in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with ultrathin CoFeB films grown on MgO. After annealing at 400 °C, MTJs with Ta/Mo layered adhesion exhibited VCMA coefficients of 48 fJ/Vm. The combination of Ta and Mo improved the crystalline orientation and flatness of the CoFeB/MgO tunneling barrier interfaces, as determined by cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, we demonstrate that the small interdiffusion between Mo and CoFe enables effective scavenging of B from CoFeB by increasing the thickness of the B sink layer without impairing the device performance due to atomic diffusion.
Effect of experimental parameters on wavefront-shaping-assisted bidirectional focusing in opaque media
Authors: Anderson Benjamin R. , Gese Natalie , Eilers Hergen
Published: June 2022

Recently, we developed a technique to perform wavefront-shaping-assisted bidirectional focusing in opaque media, which has applications in performing subsurface spectroscopy of heterogeneous materials. In this study, we report in detail the effects of different experimental parameters on the function of this technique. Namely, we consider the effects of target depth, sample positioning, objective spacing, and initial intensity [e.g., signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)]. From these measurements, we find that all four parameters affect the performance of the bidirectional focusing microscope, but the most significant ones are the target depth and the sample/objective spacings. The SNR is found to only be significant for small SNRs as our system functions optimally for initial SNRs >6.7 (intensities 1.042× larger than the background). The observed importance of the sample/objective spacings demonstrates that the enhancement depends strongly on the incident beams’ spot sizes. We also estimate that the bidirectional focusing microscope can improve focusing on subsurface particles up to a depth of ≈18 mean free paths (which is 1170 μm for our samples).
A theoretical analysis of mass leakage at boundaries within the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Xu Lincheng , Serre Eric , Sagaut Pierre
Published: June 2022

Mass leakage at boundaries can be a critical issue for the reliability of the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method based on Cartesian grids. Despite numerous works based on the LB method, the intrinsic macroscopic mechanisms causing mass leakage are still not fully characterized but are essential to improve the mass conservation of LB simulations. In this paper, an original theoretical investigation of mass leakage at boundaries is proposed within the general LB framework. It is demonstrated that the mass leakage originates from the intrinsic deficiency of the wall-cut LB links at boundary nodes in recovering macroscopic momenta. From a mesoscopic-level definition, i.e., the net loss of distribution functions during the streaming process, the local mass leakage at individual boundary nodes, and its averaged value along smooth boundaries are mathematically expressed using macroscopic variables. The local mass leakage is shown to be dominated by terms proportional to the tangential momentum component. In contrast, the averaged mass leakage is shown to be contributed by various terms, including the boundary curvature, the tangential momentum, and the gradients of density, momentum, and momentum flux. Meanwhile, the amplitude of the averaged mass leakage is theoretically estimated to be proportional to the local grid spacing based on which a first-order accurate correction scheme is proposed. In addition, both the local and averaged mass leakage are demonstrated to be significantly dependent on boundary orientation with respect to the grid. The proposed theoretical analysis is assessed by performing numerical experiments. Two-dimensional weakly compressible flows through straight and curved moving channels are considered to estimate each term appearing in the theoretical analysis. The numerical results are in very good agreement with the proposed analysis, and the proposed mass correction scheme based on the averaged mass leakage effectively cures the mass leakage problems in the considered test cases.
Wideband low-profile H-shaped dielectric patch antennas based microwave dielectric ceramics
Authors: Du Chao , Zhou Di , Feng Lin-Ping , Zhao Tan-Tan , Chen He-Tuo , Liu Hai-Wen , Darwish Moustafa A. , Xia Song , Xu Zhuo
Published: June 2022

Dielectric patch antenna (DPA) has been extensively studied in recent years, especially for the application of 5G mobile communication system. In this paper, we proposed a notch structure of H-shaped DPA (HDPA) with wideband low-profile properties but without additional components. Temperature stable 0.65 CaTiO3–0.35 LaAlO3 microwave dielectric ceramic of high permittivity was utilized for fabricating the H-shaped dielectric patch, and the method of leveraging the multi-modal features of DPA was introduced. Further analysis of the antenna structure was accomplished by the simplified theoretical method. As a result, the H-shaped notch is properly ensembled in the dielectric patch to make the higher-order TM121 mode close to the dominant TM101 mode, greatly expanding the broadband of the HDPA. The accuracy of the proposed HDPA element model is evaluated by the commercial full-wave simulator CST Microwave Studio. For demonstration, a prototype of the proposed HDPA element operating in the microwave band (5-GHz) has been realized and measured.
Instabilities of thermocapillary flows in large Prandtl number liquid bridges between two coaxial disks with different radii
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhang Liangqi , Liu Hao , Yin Linmao , Xiao Yao , Liu Yong , Zeng Zhong
Published: June 2022

We explore the geometric effects on the thermocapillary flow instabilities in large Prandtl number (Pr = 1.4) liquid bridges between two coaxial disks with different radii under microgravity, focusing on the impacts of radius ratio Γr and aspect ratio Γ. The static deformation of the free surface is concerned by the solution of the Young–Laplace equation, and the linear stability analysis based on spectral element method is conducted for accurate identification of the instability characteristic. We observe that the flow stability is generally improved with the decrease in radius ratio Γr or aspect ratio Γ, especially for the liquid bridge heated from the upper disk. The critical oscillation frequency experiences an abrupt drop around Γr = 0.56 as Γr decreases for the liquid bridge with the bottom disk heated. Moreover, three transitions between two-dimensional axisymmetric steady flow and three-dimensional oscillatory flow are observed within the interval 0.87 < Γ ≤ 0.91 at Γr = 0.50 when the liquid bridge is heated from the upper disk. The energy analysis indicates that the instabilities for all cases are predominantly caused by the hydrothermal wave instability and the phenomenon of three transitions results from the variation of thermal energy transfer efficiency with the growth of the Marangoni number.
Effects of chamber size on electron bounce-resonance heating and power deposition profile in a finite inductive discharge
Authors: Yang Wei , Gao Fei , Wang You-Nian
Published: June 2022

Effects of chamber size on electron bounce-resonance heating (BRH) and power deposition profile are numerically studied in a finite inductive Ar discharge under a low-pressure range of 0.3–3 Pa. The BRH characterized by a plateau formation in the electron energy probability function (EEPF) exists only at the small chamber radius and relatively low pressure and is enhanced at a larger chamber height. It is attributed to a remarkable increase in the energy diffusion coefficient caused by electron heating at the first bounce resonance condition. As increasing chamber radius and pressure, the enhancement in the energy diffusion coefficient caused by electron–electron collisions tends to Maxwellianize the EEPF, thus resulting in weakness and even disappearance of the BRH. For relatively low pressure, the number of positive and negative power deposition regions increases with increasing chamber radius, and there is no region of negative power deposition at the small chamber radius where the skin depth becomes closer to the chamber radius.
Impact of the isentropic and Kantrowitz limits on the aerodynamics of an evacuated tube transportation system
Authors: Zhou Zhiwei , Xia Chao , Du Xuzhi , Shan Xizhuang , Yang Zhigang
Published: June 2022

In this work, the impact of the isentropic and Kantrowitz limits on the aerodynamic behavior of evacuated tube transportation (ETT) was numerically explored. Two tube train systems with different blockage ratios (β), that is, β = 0.09 and β = 0.25, were employed for the comparative study of aerodynamic drag and flow structure. The results revealed three distinct aerodynamic behaviors, corresponding to the three speed regions separated by the two critical Mach numbers. Furthermore, the influence of head and tail lengths on drag reduction was investigated in these three speed ranges. An increase in head length appeared to be more sensitive to drag reduction at a speed of 600 m/s, while a long tail was found to induce a pronounced drag reduction at 200 m/s. In addition, the combined effect of the head and tail lengths on drag reduction was close to the superposition of their individual optimization effect. Based on the results, this study concludes that the individual designs of the head and tail of ETT systems may be rather demanding to achieve the desired optimization when considering distinct cruising speeds.