bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological-and-Economic Evaluation of Vinyl Chloride Production in Mineral Resource Clusters
Authors: Kudryashova Irina , Kharlampenkov Evgeniy , Zakharova Natalia , Kolevatova Anastasiya
Published: June 2018

Over the past six years, the volume of plastics production inprimary forms in Russia increased by 57%, exceeding 7.8 million tons in 2017. During this period, the production capacities were substantially renovated; new plants were put into operation. Increasing the competitiveness of Russian polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is possible on the basis of the integrated use of raw materials, the use of innovative technologies and reduction of production costs. When calculating costs, the following aspects were taken into account: type, availability and cost of raw materials, the number of chemical stages of final product production, its yield, energy intensity and material consumption of the process, the possibility of combining this method of production with other productionp rocesses of a chemical company, i.e. complex use of all obtained products. This is due to the low cost of raw materials, the clustering of coaland chemical enterprises and energy companies located in the Kemerovo region, which makes the production of PVC competitive.
Modernization of Control Systems of Electric Drives of Mine Lifting Machines
Authors: Eshmurodov Ziyodullo , Holboiv Folib
Published: June 2018

The article shows the peculiarity of the system of technological automation of the newest Simatic S7-1500 PLCs, for electric drives of hoisting transport machines, the analysis of control systems for electric drives of operating mine hoisting machines of mining complexes. One of the main ways to increase the energy efficiency of MLM is to replace old asynchronous electric motors with a phase rotor with squirrel cage induction motors designed for operation in a frequency-controlled electric drive. The introduction of a frequency converter and an electric drive control system, which together allow the recovery of electricity in the supply network in the mode of generator braking. Thus, the system for automated control of the mine hoisting machine based on the Simatic S7-1500 PLC, with the developed control algorithm, is an integrated energy-efficient control system, which it is advisable to use in the management of the SHM.
Multi-objective evolutionary algorithm as a method to obtain optimized nanostructures
Authors: Díaz de León-Zapata Ramón , González-Fernández José V. , Flores-García Efrén , de la Rosa Zapata Ariel B. , Lara-Velázquez Ismael
Published: June 2018

The field of plasmonics, an optics discipline that studies the interaction of light with matter for structures with dimensions similar to the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation affecting them, has been further developed with the support of computational technologies that are capable of performing calculations with large volumes of data to solve the complex problems of this discipline. Some of the problems in plasmonics require the use of algorithmic techniques that can simultaneously handle more than one function that tend not to present their maximum or minimum at the same point, i.e., their optimal performances conflict with each other. In this paper, we present the results of the use of a multi-objective genetic algorithm to obtain the maximum plasmonic resonance in nanoparticles assuming three relevant factors: geometry, current density, and electric field, which are, in turn, the three objective functions for the proposed algorithm. The method used for the characterization of the nanoparticles was a numerical simulation using the finite element method. To verify the results, the electromagnetic radiation patterns and other optical properties of the obtained nanoparticles were compared with those of nanoparticles reported in the literature. Possible applications and work in progress are also discussed.
An analytical model of an I-cored coil located above a conductive material with a hole
Authors: Tytko Grzegorz , Dziczkowski Leszek
Published: June 2018

The paper examines the problem of an axially symmetric I-cored coil located above a three-layered plate with a hole in the middle layer. A cylindrical coordinate system was applied, wherein the solution domain was truncated in the radial direction. The employment of the truncated region eigenfunction expansion (TREE) method resulted in deriving the final formulas for the change of the coil impedance with regard to the air space, and also pertaining to the test object without a flaw. Formulas for various configurations of the test object, among others for a surface hole, a subsurface hole and a through hole, have been presented. For the purpose of defectoscopy, the influence of the hole in the plate on the impedance components was investigated. The calculations were made in Matlab for frequencies from 100 Hz to 50 kHz. The obtained results were verified using the finite element method (FEM) in Comsol Multiphysics package. A very good agreement was observed in the case of both the resistance and reactance.
Precision laser spectroscopy experiments on antiprotonic helium
Authors: Hori Masaki
Published: June 2018

At CERN‘s Antiproton Decelerator (AD) facility, the Atomic Spectroscopyand Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons (ASACUSA) collaboration is carrying out precise laser spectroscopy experiments on antiprotonic helium (p̅He+ ≡ p̅+He2++e−) atoms. By employing buffer-gas cooling techniquesin a cryogenic gas target, samples of atoms were cooled to temperatureT = 1.5–1.7 K, thereby reducing the Doppler width in the single-photon resonance lines. By comparing the results with three-body quantum electrodynamics calculations, the antiproton-to-electron mass ratio was determined as Mp̅/me = 1836.1526734(15). This agreed with the known proton-to-electron mass ratio with a precision of 8 . 1010. Further improvements in the experimental precision are currently being attempted. The high-quality antiproton beam provided by the future Extra Low Energy Antiproton Ring (ELENA) facility should further increase the experimental precision.
Recent Developments from ASACUSA on Antihydrogen Detection
Authors: Kolbinger B. , Amsler C. , Breuker H. , Diermaier M. , Dupré P. , Fleck M. , Gligorova A. , Higaki H. , Kanai Y. , Kobayashi T. , Leali M. , Mäckel V. , Malbrunot C. , Mascagna V. , Massiczek O. , Matsuda Y. , Murtagh D.j. , Nagata Y. , Sauerzopf C. , Simon M.C. , Tajima M. , Ulmer S. , Kuroda N. , Venturelli L. , Widmann E. , Yamazaki Y. , Zmeskal J.
Published: June 2018

The ASACUSA Collaboration at CERNs Antiproton Decelerator aims to measure the ground state hyperfine splitting of antihydrogen with high precision to test the fundamental symmetry of CPT (combination of charge conjugation, parity transformation, and time reversal). For this purpose an antihydrogen detector has been developed. Its task is to count the arriving antihydrogen atoms and therefore distinguish backgroundevents (mainly cosmics) from antiproton annihilations originating from antihydrogen atoms which are produced only in small amounts. A central BGO crystal disk with position sensitive read-out detects the annihilation and a surrounding two-layered hodoscope is used for tracking charged secondaries. The hodoscope has been recently upgraded to allow precise vertex reconstruction. A machine learning analysis based on measured antiproton annihilations and cosmic rays has been developed to identify antihydrogen events.
Exotic atoms at extremely high magnetic fields: the case of neutron star atmosphere
Authors: Fontana Andrea , Colombi Alessandro , Carretta Pietro , Drago Alessandro , Esposito Paolo , Gianotti Paola , Giusti Carlotta , Lonardoni Diego , Lovato Alessandro , Lucherini Vincenzo , Pederiva Francesco
Published: June 2018

The presence of exotic states of matter in neutron stars (NSs) is currently an open issue in physics. The appearance of muons, kaons, hyperons, and other exotic particles in the inner regions of the NS, favoured by energetic considerations, is considered to be an effective mechanism to soften the equation of state (EoS). In the so-called two-families scenario, the softening of the EoS allows for NSs characterized by very small radii, which become unstable and convert into a quark stars (QSs). In the process of conversion of a NS into a QS material can be ablated by neutrinos from the surface of the star. Not only neutron-rich nuclei, but also more exotic material, such as hypernuclei or deconfined quarks, could be ejected into the atmosphere. In the NS atmosphere, atoms like H, He, and C should exist, and attempts to model the NS thermal emission taking into account their presence, with spectra modified by the extreme magnetic fields, have been done. However, exotic atoms, like muonic hydrogen (p μ−) or the so-called Sigmium (Σ+ e−), could also be present during the conversion process or in its immediate aftermath. At present, analytical expressions of the wave functions and eigenvalues for these atoms have been calculated only for H. In this work, we extend the existing solutions and parametrizations to the exotic atoms (p μ−) and (Σ+ e−), making some predictions on possible transitions. Their detection in the spectra of NS would provide experimental evidence for the existence of hyperons in the interior of these stars.
Interaction of real and virtualNN̅pairs inJ/ψdecays
Authors: Milstein Alexander , Salnikov Sergey
Published: June 2018

The differential decay rates of the processesJ/ψ→pp̅π0,J/ψ→pp̅η,J/ψ→pp̅ω,J/ψ→pp̅ρ, andJ/ψ→pp̅γ close to thepp̅threshold are calculated with the help of theNN̅optical potential. We use the potential which has been suggested to fit the cross sections ofNN̅scattering together with all otherNN̅experimental data available. Thepp̅nvariant mass spectra ofJ/ψdecays are in agreement with the available experimental data. The anisotropy of the angular distributions of the decaysJ/ψ→pp̅π0(η), which appears due to the tensor forces in theNN̅interaction, is predicted close to thepp̅threshold. This anisotropy is large enough to be investigated experimentally. Such measurements would allow one to check the accuracy of the model ofNN̅interaction, is predicted close to thepp̅threshold. This anisotropy is large enough to be investigated experimentally. Such measurements would allow one to check the accuracy of the model ofNN̅interaction. Using our potential and the Green’s function approach we also describe the peak in theη′π+π-invariant mass spectrum in the decayJ/ψ → γ η′π+π-in the energy region near theNN̅threshold.
Searches for magnetic monopoles and beyond with MoEDAL at the LHC
Authors: Mitsou Vasiliki A.
Published: June 2018

The MoEDAL experiment at the LHC is optimised to detect highly-ionising particles such as magnetic monopoles, dyons and (multiply) electrically-charged stable massive particles predicted in a number of theoretical scenarios. MoEDAL, deployed in the LHCb cavern, combines passive nuclear track detectors with magnetic monopole trapping volumes, while cavern backgrounds are being monitored with an array of MediPix detectors. The detector concept and its physics reach is presented with emphasis given to recent results on monopole searches providing the best limits on high magnetic charges in colliders. The potential to search for heavy, long-lived supersymmetric electrically-charged particles and multi-charged states is also discussed.
Interactive sandwich facade made of renewable resources
Authors: Gelbrich Sandra , Petzoldt Carolin , Gliniorz Ralf , Ehrlich Andreas , Kroll Lothar
Published: June 2018

This paper reports about the development and implementation of a free forming facade system, consisting of biobased sandwich elements. The build-up of the sandwich contains face sheets from natural fibre reinforced polymer (NFRP), using biobased epoxy resin and flax fibres, and a stuck cardboard core structure. Furthermore a formwork system was designed enabling biobased sandwich elements to be produced with special needs according to efficiency and architectural design. As a result, the biobased and sustainable sandwich elements exhibit low system weight, high sound reduction and sufficient load capacity for the use of facade elements. Additionally LED-stripes were integrated for illuminating the facade elements. Because of the regular pattern of the stuck cardboard core and the translucent face sheet laminates the facade works like a screen on which each created pixel can be controlled in rgb-colours. Therefore an area of 10 m x 5 m biobased sandwich facade with 25 elements is planned as a reference object in Chemnitz, forming a facade with 100 x 48 pixels. In summary the illuminated biobased sandwich elements produced with an efficient technology of production and with the use of renewable resources can replace extensively 3D-formed customary facade systems.
Log houses moving as an element of sustainable development in architecture
Authors: Repelewicz Aleksandra
Published: June 2018

Investors moving log houses are faced with many challenges in the course of their investment, beginning with the issue of obtaining a building permit (Polish building law does not provide for this type of investment), all the way to numerous difficulties when erecting the building. The study outlines the investment process for the moving of log houses, with a particular emphasis on the stages during which it is possible to make various decisions which affect on the future use of the structure.
Utilization of wastes from medium density fiberboards production as an aggregate for lightweight cement composite
Authors: Małaszkiewicz Dorota , Sztukowska Magdalena
Published: June 2018

The possibility of recycling waste from medium density fiberboard (MDF) production into wood-cement composites was evaluated. A large quantity of lignocellulosic wastes is generated worldwide from various sources, including wood and furniture industries, leading to environmental concerns. Medium density fiberboard (MDF) is an engineered wood product, which is made from wood fibers (mainly form coniferous trees) with wax and a resin binder. This paper presents an experimental study which investigated the potential utilization of medium density fiberboard wastes (MDFW) for producing lightweight insulation concrete. The wastes were screened on #8 mm sieve to exlude big irregular elements which could negatively affect compaction and strength properties. All lignocellulosic substrates have detrimental effects on cement setting so different techniques were applied to offset the retarding effect of compounds like sugar and tannin present in the bio-based particles before mixing the wastes with cement. One type of cement CEM I 42,5 R was used in the experiment. Flexural strength, compressive strength in air-dry and wet states, and water absorption of lightweight concrete were tested. Compressive strength ranging from 0,5 to 5.3 MPa was obtained depending on the material used for the initial impregnation of MDFW fibers.
Autoclaved materials with chalcedonite addition
Authors: Dachowski Ryszard , Kostrzewa Paulina , Brelak Sylwia
Published: June 2018

Silicate products along with autoclaved aerated concrete are a healthy and ecological building material. Silicates and AAC are the effect of the reaction of the components from which they are formed under hydrothermal conditions. This process is called autoclaving from the name of the devices in which it runs. The tests have shown the effect of the tested additives on the particular properties of autoclaved lime-sand products and lime-sand-cement products. The addition of chalcedonite powder increased both the bulk density and compressive strength of lime-sand products and lime-sand-cement products. Composition modifications contributed to changing the microstructure of the products. In the samples with the addition of chalcedonite powder, fuller tobermorite crystals developed in comparison with the traditional sample. Additives contributed to changes in pore structure and size.
The effect of mine induced tremors on seismic response of soil-steel bridges
Authors: Maleska Tomasz , Beben Damian
Published: June 2018

Rockburst are similar phenomena like low intensity natural earthquake. They can be observed in Upper and Lower Silesia regions. Analyses of soil-steel bridges under seismic excitation are so far limited. The rockburst is related to the mining exploitation. The influence of rockburst on the soil-steel bridges should be investigated, because this ground motions differ with many respects from natural earthquakes. The span of soil-steel bridges is typically range from 3 to 25 m, so they can be used as an effectives alternative for a short-span bridges. The soil-steel bridges can meet the design and safety requirements similar to traditional bridges, at lower costs. For these reasons, soil-steel bridges are more frequently used in road and railway projects in many parts of the World. This paper presents results of numerical study of soil-steel bridge under rockburst induced ground excitations. Response characteristic axial of the soil-steel bridge caused by rockburts are analysed in detail. The obtained results are compared with the ones computed under El Centro using the seismic benchmark record.
Analysis of the dependence between the number of accidents at workplaces that involve scaffolding and changes in work efficiency
Authors: Sawicki Marek , Szóstak Mariusz
Published: June 2018

The purpose of the article is to present the occupational characteristics of people injured in accidents at workplaces that use construction scaffolding. The results obtained from the analysis of occupational accidents involving construction scaffolding, which took place in five Polish voivodships: Dolnoslaskie, Lubelskie, Lubuskie, Mazowieckie and Wielkopolskie between 2010-2015, were presented. 177 occupational accidents were analysed. On the basis of post-accident protocols, the following occupational characteristics of employees who suffered from accidents were identified: the age of the victim, the time of day when the accident happened and the season of the year. In turn, on the basis of a review of the subject literature, the course of changes in an employee's performance during the day, week and calendar year was determined. The relation between efficiency and the identified occupational characteristics of the injured parties was determined.
Application of the “descent with mutations” metaheuristic to a clique partitioning problem
Authors: Hudry Olivier
Published: June 2018

We study here the application of the “descent with mutations” metaheuristic to a problem arising from the field of classification and cluster analysis (dealing more precisely with the aggregation of symmetric relations) and which can be represented as a clique partitioning of a weighted graph. In this problem, we deai with a complete undirected graphe G; the edges of G have weights which can be positive, negative or equal to 0; the aim is to partition the vertices of G into disjoint cliques (whose number depends on G in order to minimize the sum of the weights of the edges with their two extremities in a same clique; this problem is NP-hard. The “descent with mutations” is a local search metaheuristic, of which the design is very simple and is based on local transformation. It consists in randomly performing random elementary transformations, irrespective improvement or worsening with respect to the objective function. We compare it with another very efficient metaheuristic, which is a simulated annealing method improved by the addition of some ingredients coming from the noising methods. Experiments show that the descent with mutations is at least as efficient for the studied problem as this improved simulated annealing, usually a little better, while it is much easier to design and to tune.
Influence of the Lower Body on Seated Arm Cranking Performance
Authors: VanSumeren Ashley , Bye Thomas , Kilgas Matthew , Hartvigsen Matthew , Elmer Steven
Published: June 2018

During upper-body tasks, use of the lower body is important for minimizing physiological strain and maximizing performance. The lower body has an integral role during standing upper-body tasks, however, it is less clear if it is also important during seated upper-body tasks. We determined the extent to which the lower body influenced seated arm cranking performance. Eleven males performed incremental (40+20 W·3 min−1) and short-duration maximal effort (5 s, 120 rpm) arm cranking trials with and without lower-body restriction. The lower body was restricted by securing the legs to the seat and suspending them off the floor. Upper-body peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) and maximal power were determined. At the end of the incremental protocol, lower-body restriction reduced V̇O2peak by 14±12% (P<0.01) compared to normal arm cranking. At greater submaximal stages (60-100% isotime) heart rate, ventilation, RER, and arm-specific exertion increased to a greater extent (all P<0.05) with lower-body restriction. During short duration maximal arm cranking, lower-body restriction decreased maximal power by 23±9% (P<0.01). Results indicated that lower-body restriction limited aerobic capacity, increased physiological strain during high-intensity submaximal exercise, and compromised maximal power generating capacity. These results imply that use of the lower body is critical when performing seated arm cranking. Our findings have implications for exercise testing, training and rehabilitation.
Antibiotic stewardship-Programme in Akutkrankenhäusern
Authors: Kern Winfried V.
Published: June 2018

Die zunehmende bakterielle Resistenzentwicklung und oft vermeidbare Clostridium difficile-Superinfektionen haben zu einem vermehrten Bedarf an Strategien zur
Sicherstellung einer rationalen Antibiotika-Verordnung geführt. Mögliche Verbesserungen in der Verschreibungspraxis sind vor allem in der kritischen
Indikationsstellung zu erreichen – zusätzlich auch bei der optimierten Substanzauswahl und Verkürzung der Therapiedauer bei einigen Indikationen. „Antibiotic
stewardship“ (abgekürzt ABS)-Programme auf verschiedenen Ebenen bündeln verschiedene Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Antibiotika-Verordnungsqualität. Notwendig
sind dafür Fachpersonal vor Ort und verlässliche Daten zur Infektionsinzidenz, zu Antibiotikaresistenz und zur Antibiotikaverbrauchsdichte. Fachabteilungen für
Infektiologie oder ABS-Teams mit spezifisch geschulten klinischen Experten können auf der Basis solcher Daten lokale angepasste Leitlinien erstellen und
implementieren helfen und mittels Konsiliardiensten und Antibiotika-Visiten den umsichtigen Einsatz von Antibiotika fördern. Viele ABS-Programme scheinen auch
aus der Krankenhausperspektive kosteneffektiv zu sein, können Clostridium difficile-Infektionen, MRSA-Raten, und auch die Häufigkeit von Infektionen durch
ESBL-positiven Bakterien reduzieren und zugleich Behandlungsergebnisse verbessern.
Vancomycin-resistente Enterokokken
Authors: Ragozzino Silvio , Kern Winfried V.
Published: June 2018

Infektionen durch Vancomycin-resistente Enterokokken (VRE) werden heute bei Krankenhauspatienten immer wieder beobachtet. Fast immer handelt es sich um
Ampicillin-resistente Enterococcus faecium bei Patienten mit kritischer Grunderkrankung, bereits längeren Krankenhausaufenthalten und mehrfachen oder längeren
Antibiotikavortherapien. Die Virulenz des Erregers ist begrenzt. Oft liegt eine asymptomatische Besiedlung vor, oder VRE ist Teil einer polymikrobiellen
Infektion beispielsweise im Bauchraum. Es treten aber auch bakteriämische Infektionen auf, und die Sterblichkeit bei solchen Infektionen kann sehr hoch sein –
vor allem abhängig von der Situation der Grundkrankheit. Behandlungsoptionen bestehen im Wesentlichen in Linezolid oder hochdosiertem Daptomycin, bei Erregern
vom VanB-Typ ist Teicoplanin eine geeignete Alternative. Die Prognose der Patienten ist heute ähnlich der der Patienten mit Infektion durch
Vancomycin-empfindliche E. faecium. In der Prävention sind Aufnahme-Screening und Einzelzimmerisolierung seitens ihrer Kosten-Nutzen-Relation umstritten.
Drogenkonsum und Hilfebedarfe von Geflüchteten in Deutschland
Authors: Kuhn Silke , Zurhold Heike , Lehmann Kirsten , Verthein Uwe
Published: June 2018

Ziel Systematische Untersuchungen zur Drogenabhängigkeit der seit 2015 geflüchteten Menschen liegen für Deutschland nicht vor. Diese Studie soll Aufschluss geben über die Nationalität der drogenabhängigen Geflüchteten, ihre Konsumbiografie und Konsummuster sowie Behandlungsbedarfe.

Methodik Es wurden deutschlandweit 128 drogenabhängige Geflüchtete in 5 niedrigschwelligen Einrichtungen der Suchthilfe mit der Unterstützung von Dolmetschern/Sprachmittlern und anhand eines übersetzten Fragebogens interviewt. Die Studie fand zwischen Juni und Dezember 2017 statt. Die dargestellten Ergebnisse beziehen sich auf Geflüchtete, die Farsi oder Dari sprechen.

Ergebnisse Die interviewten 128 drogenabhängigen Geflüchteten waren ausnahmslos männlich und im Durchschnitt 30 Jahre alt. Die Mehrheit betrieb einen Rauchkonsum von Heroin. 116 (90,6%) Personen kamen aus farsi- oder darisprechenden Ländern, darunter 37,9% Iraner, 31,9% Afghanen aus dem Iran und 30,2% Afghanen aus Afghanistan. Unter ihnen waren 55,2% schon in ihren Heimatländern drogenabhängig, 16,4% konsumierten gelegentlich Alkohol und/oder Cannabis und 28,4% gaben keinen Konsum im Heimatland an. Erfahrungen mit Entgiftungsbehandlungen im Heimatland hatten etwas mehr als die Hälfte der bereits Abhängigen. 34,4% kauften Methadon auf dem Schwarzmarkt gezielt gegen Entzugserscheinungen während der Flucht. Die Unterstützungswünsche der Geflüchteten bezogen sich neben Drogenbehandlungen im engeren Sinne auch auf Hilfen bei der Wohnungssuche und der Asylantragsstellung.

Schlussfolgerungen Geflüchtete Drogenabhängige sind keine homogene Gruppe. Sprachbarrieren und fehlende Behandlungsangebote sowie deren ungeklärte Finanzierung erschweren eine adäquate Versorgung. Der hohe Anteil der Geflüchteten, die erst in Deutschland mit dem Drogenkonsum begonnen haben, macht deutlich, wie wichtig eine frühzeitige Prävention schon in den Flüchtlingsunterkünften ist.
Endokarditis
Authors: Rieg Siegbert
Published: June 2018

Die infektiöse Endokarditis stellt eine schwerwiegende und komplikationsträchtige Infektion mit erheblichen Sterblichkeitsraten dar. Es hat sich ein
epidemiologischer Wandel hin zu Gesundheitssystem-assoziierter Endokarditis vollzogen, Haupterreger sind heute Staphylokokken. Bei hochgradigem Verdacht auf
Vorliegen einer Endokarditis bleibt die transösophageale Echokardiografie der Standard in der bildgebenden Diagnostik. Neuere bildgebende Methoden wie 3D-TEE,
Kardio-CT, FDG-PET/CT bleiben spezifischen Fragestellungen vorbehalten. Die 2015 veröffentlichten Leitlinien der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) beinhalten
im Vergleich zur zeitgleich veröffentlichten Leitlinie der Amercian Heart Association (AHA) einige umstrittene Empfehlungen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die
Antibiotika-Therapie der Staphylokokken-Endokarditis. Propionibacterium acnes und Coxiella burnetii stellen Endokarditis-Erreger dar, für die diagnostische und
therapeutische Besonderheiten gelten.
Anti-inflammatory Ingenane Diterpenoids from the Roots of Euphorbia kansui
Authors: Zhang Jun-Sheng , Weng Han-Zhuang , Huang Jia-Luo , Tang Gui-Hua , Yin Sheng
Published: June 2018

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the roots of Euphorbia kansui led to the isolation of two new ingenane diterpenoids, euphorkans A (1) and B (2), together with 16 known analogues (3 – 18). Their structures were determined by combined spectral and chemical methods. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Compounds 1 – 6 and 10 – 13 exhibited pronounced inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the range of 2.78 – 10.6 µM, and were more potent than the positive control, quercetin (IC50 = 15.8 µM). Compounds 1 and 5 were selected for further assays toward the key inflammation mediators TNF-α and IL-6, and showed a significant inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. The preliminary mechanistic study revealed that 1 and 5 inhibited NF-κB activity, which may exert a role in their anti-inflammatory activity.
α-Arylation of Esters and Ketones Enabled by a Bench-Stable Pd(I) Dimer Catalyst
Authors: Schoenebeck Franziska , Sperger Theresa
Published: June 2018

A procedure for the α-arylation of α,α-disubstituted esters and ketones to generate quaternary carbon centers is described. The developed protocol is operationally simple and employs an air- and moisture-stable dinuclear Pd(I) complex [Pd(μ-I)(Pt-Bu3)]2 to mediate selective α-arylation of aromatic C–I/Br bonds in the presence of aromatic C–Cl and/or C–OTf sites.
One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Bispyrazole-thiazole-pyran-2-one Heterocyclic Hybrids
Authors: Rachedi Yahia , Talhi Oualid , Silva Artur , Saidoun Aicha , Boukenna Leila , Laichi Yacine , Lemouari Najet , Trari Mohamed , Bachari Khaldoun
Published: June 2018

A new series of some interesting bispyrazole-thiazole-pyran-2-one heterocyclic hybrids has been efficiently synthesized via a one-pot catalyst-free three-component reaction of α-bromoacetylated pyran-2-one derivatives, thiosemicarbazide, and polysubstituted-1-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)butane-1,3-diones. This multicomponent procedure has been advantageously applied to prepare a structural diversity of hetero­cyclic hybrids characterized by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies.
Studies on the Pathogenesis of the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction
Authors: Rodríguez-Erdmann F , Naimi S
Published: June 2018

Autoprothrombin-C (factor Xa) was given intravenously to rabbits whose RES had been previously blocked with thorotrast. The coagulo-analytical results as well as the morphological changes resemble those of the classical generalized Shwartzman reaction (gSr) produced by properly spaced doses of Gram-negative endotoxin. The results are discussed in the light of the literature.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von Urokinase und Streptokinase im Tierversuch
Authors: Hiemeyer V , Rasche H
Published: June 2018

8 Std. alte, künstlich in der A. femoralis der Katze erzeugte Gerinnsel konnten durch Verabreichung von 800000-950000 E UK durchschnittlich innerhalb von 2-3 Std. vollständig aufgelöst werden. Während die parallel durchgeführten Untersuchungen mit SK unter der Behandlung eine starke fibrinogenolytische Wirkung erkennen ließen, sank das Fibrinogen unter Verabreichung von UK, trotz starker Piasminaktivität nur unwesentlich ab. Als Erklärung des unterschiedlichen Verhaltens gegenüber Fibrinogen wird die Bildung verschiedener Piasmine (SK- und UK-aktiviertes Plasmin) diskutiert, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer proteolytischen Sub-stratspezifität unterscheiden.
“Inhibitor Like” Effects of Hematoporphyrin on Factor VIII (Antihaemophilic Globulin)
Authors: Davis R. B , Biggs Rosemary , Denson K. W. E
Published: June 2018

The incubation of factor VIII with HP resulted in a progressive loss of factor VIII activity which was dependent on the porphyrin concentration. The rate of reaction was retarded by fibrinogen and glyoxaline, but was not accelerated by reduction in fibrinogen concentration. No increase in factor VIII activity was found when fibrinogen was added after destruction of factor VIII by HP, suggesting irreversibility of factor VIII destruction. The reaction was light but not temperature dependent; in other respects it closely resembled the kinetics observed during factor VIII destruction by naturally occurring anticoagulants and antibody inhibitors of factor VIII.
Contact Activation of Hageman Factor and the Interaction of Hageman Factor and Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent
Authors: Haanen C , Morselt G , Schoenmakers J
Published: June 2018

Experiments with highly purified activated bovine Hageman factor revealed that surface activation of Hageman factor is effective only when PTA is present simultaneously. Surface activation of Hageman factor probably is not caused only by an alteration of the Hageman factor itself but by the catalyzing action of surface on the reaction between this factor and PTA, possibly by preferential adsorption of these factors. Arguments are given for the supposition that Hageman factor forms a complex with PTA which is unstable and probably identical with the so-called activation product. The instability of this activation product is caused by deterioration of PTA while Hageman factor remains. The process of contact activation stops because further Hageman factor activity is blocked by PTA which sticks to Hageman factor even after it is deteriorated. In normal circumstances not all Hageman factor molecules are adsorbed to a surface by the competing effect of other proteins in the plasma with glass affinity. Exposing plasma to a large surface such as provided by celite, causes complete adsorption of all Hageman factor molecules and in this way causes complete consumption of PTA.
Method of Purification and Properties of Anti-XIa (Inhibitor of the Contact Product)
Authors: Niemetz J , Nossel H. L
Published: June 2018

1. A normally occurring inhibitor (anti-XIa) of product XIa (contact product, activated PTA) was purified 100-fold by a combination of zinc acetate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography and starch block electrophoresis.

2. The inhibitor was shown by electrophoresis to have the mobility of an alpha globulin. The purified inhibitor was free of antithrombin III activity and anti-XIIa activity. The anti-XIa fraction was free of coagulation factor activity and was stable over a wide range of pH and temperature. Analytical ultracentrifugation of a purified inhibitor fraction showed a symmetrical peak of S20w = 3.69.

3. The inhibitor was not consumed during its interaction with product XIa.

4. With the use of the purified inhibitor, the product XIa preparation used was shown to be practically free of precursor factor XI or XII activity.
Further Studies on the “Dynia” Clotting Abnormality
Authors: Pechet L , Cochios F , Deykin D
Published: June 2018

1. One patient with multiple bleeding episodes and 4 asymptomatic relatives in 3 generations reveal a coagulation abnormality that cannot be attributed to any known coagulation factor deficiency or to a circulating inhibitor. The abnormality is characterized by deficient generations of intrisic thromboplastin and intermediate product I, and can be corrected by normal plasma and serum.

2. The ability of normal blood to correct the coagulation defect in vitro is heat labile; it is not removed from plasma by adsorption with BaSO4 or Al(OH)3. Neonatal blood and blood taken from patients either receiving coumarin drugs or with severe liver disease sustain the ability to correct the described defect. Ox, rabbit and dog blood are also corrective.

3. The finding of normal factors XII, XI and IX activities, as well as normal serum thrombosis accelerator (STA) activity, places this abnormality beyond the stage of factor IX activation.

4. The data suggest that the familial coagulation abnormality is located in the clotting sequence either in the activation of factor VIII, or in the activation of factor X by factor VIII. Either interpretation is in agreement with the finding of abnormal intermediate product I generation, which reflects primarily the intrinsic activation of factor X.

5. The frequency of this defect is unknown. Conceivably some patients considered to have factor XI (PTA) deficiency because of a plasma and serum correctable defect in their thromboplastin generation, may actually have a coagulation defect similar to that described in the Dynia family.

6. It is suggested that the name “Dynia defect” be temporarily assigned to this clotting abnormality.
Platelet Aggregation by Magnesium Ion
Authors: Des Prez R. M , Bryant R. E , Katz J. A , Brittingham Th. E
Published: June 2018

Washed rabbit platelets resuspended in plasma anticoagulated with the disodium magnesium salt of EDTA (magnesium EDTA) aggregate spontaneously. Analysis of this phenomenon has demonstrated that this aggregation is caused by the slightly elevated concentrations of magnesium present in plasmas anticoagulated with this agent. Addition of magnesium ion in appropriate concentrations to platelet-rich-plasma anticoagulated with 0.38% sodium citrate or 0.1% disodium dihydrogen EDTA (sodium EDTA) also produces gross clot formation, an effect which does not occur when very slightly higher concentrations of sodium EDTA are employed. The present studies distinguish between the effects of calcium ion and magnesium ion in the production of both platelet aggregation and clot formation in several commonly employed anticoagulant solutions. They demonstrate that platelet aggregation is produced by magnesium ion alone, that this aggregation is not associated with release of platelet serotonin, and that it is not caused by ADP.
Intravascular Coagulation with Generalized Shwartzman Reaction Induced by a Heparin-Like Anticoagulant (Liquoid)
Authors: Evensen S. A , Jeremic M , Hjort P. F
Published: June 2018

Liquoid (sodium polyanethol sulfonate), a synthetic heparin-like anticoagulant, produces renal cortical necrosis in rabbits. This lesion is indistinguishable from the generalized Shwartzman reaction which is caused by intravascular coagulation in a prepared animal. We have investigated this apparently paradoxic effect of Liquoid. Our main findings are:

1. Liquoid is a potent heparin-like anticoagulant. One mg of Liquoid is neutralized by 1 mg of Polybrene. After intravenous injection the anticoagulant effect is immediate and persists for several hours.

2. In larger concentrations, Liquoid precipitates fibrinogen. The precipitation does not depend on an intact coagulation system; the precipitates are dissolved in 30% urea.

3. An intravenous injection of 20 mg Liquoid/1500 g body-weight produces an early thrombocytopenia, a progressive depletion of fibrinogen and factor V, the appearance of cold-precipitating material in plasma, and severe renal cortical necrosis.

4. Pretreatment with warfarin completely prevents all of these effects, except a moderate fall in platelets.

We conclude that Liquoid produces these effects, not by precipitation of fibrinogen, but by intravascular coagulation, probably released through aggregation and damage of the platelets. Thus, intravascular coagulation is again confirmed as the final event in the generalized Shwartzman reaction.
Thrombolysetherapie beim akuten Herzinfarkt
Authors: van de Loo J. , von Eiff M.
Published: June 2018

Thrombolytische Therapie von Patienten mit frischem Herzinfarkt führt in über der Hälfte der Fälle zu einer frühen Rekanalisation des thrombotisch verschlossenen Infarktgefäßes. Intravenös verabreichter Gewebeplasminogenaktivator ist vergleichbar wirksam wie intrakoronar infundierte Streptokinase oder Urokinase. Prourokinase und acylierte Streptokinase sind neue Thrombolytika, deren Wirksamkeit bisher noch nicht ausreichend zu beurteilen ist. Risikopatienten, d. h. Patienten in höherem Alter, mit primär erniedrigter linksventrikulärer Herzfunktion und mit Zweitinfarkt scheinen besonders von der thrombolytischen Therapie zu profitieren. Entscheidend für die Prognose des Patienten ist ein möglichst frühzeitiges Einsetzen der Therapie, um reversibel geschädigtes Myokard zu retten.

Ungelöste Probleme sind die relativ hohen Raten früher Reokklusion nach i.e. SK und nach i.v. t-PA sowie die unklare Bedeutung der systemischen Aktivierung des fibrinolytischen Systems.

Die intravenöse Infusion eines Thrombolytikums ist in jedem Krankenhaus möglich. Die Entscheidung über eine invasive Weiterbehandlung mittels transluminaler koronarer Angioplastie bzw. eines aortokoronaren Bypass sollte danach unverzüglich in einem spezialisierten Zentrum herbeigeführt werden.
Klinische und diagnostische Aspekte bei den superfiziellen Thrombophlebitiden
Authors: Klüken N
Published: June 2018

Die klinische Symptomatologie der superfiziellen Thrombophlebitiden hat in der Diagnostik einen hohen Stellenwert. Denn der makromorphologische Befund ist für die Diagnosestellung sowohl der Thrombophlebitis superficialis, der Variköphlebitis, der Thrombophlebitis saltans als auch der strangförmigen Thrombophlebitiden (z. B. Marbus Mondor oder Favresche Krankheit) maßgebend. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Bedeutung der Differentialdiagnose dieser entzündliche Venopathien besprochen und auf die Folgen hingewiesen, die eine Nichterkennung jener Krankheiten mit sich bringt, die als Hinweise ernster Leiden anzusehen sind. Außerdem wird die diagnostische Abgrenzung der mit suprafaszialer und subfaszialer Thrombenbildung einhergehenden Prozesse an den Venen dargelegt, die leider nicht immer in der erforderlichen Exaktheit erfolgt. Dies ist auch im Hinblick auf die durchzuführende Therapie van großer Wichtigkeit.
Regionale Hirndurchblutung und regionaler Stoffwechsel beim ischämischen Insult
Authors: Pawlik G. , Herholz K. , Hebold I. , Wienhard K. , Heiss W.-D.
Published: June 2018

Quantitative Untersuchungen der regionalen Durchblutung, des regionalen Sauerstoffverbrauchs, der Sauerstoff extraktionsrate , des regionalen Blutvolumens und des regionalen Glukosestoffwechsels im Gehirn mittels Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie haben in den letzten Jahren die Kenntnisse über pathophysiologische Mechanismen im Verlauf regionaler zerebraler Durchblutungsstörungen erweitert. Besonders wichtig sind hier Entkopplungsvorgänge von Stoffwechsel und Durchblutung, wobei hohe Sauerstoff extraktionsraten auf eine Mangelversorgung noch vitalen Gewebes hinweisen, während regionale Durchblutungssteigerungen über den Stoffwechselbedarf meist irreversible Schäden anzeigen. Eine gesteigerte Glukoseaufnahme kann Ausdruck anaerober Glykolyse sein, die durch vermehrte Laktatproduktion das Gewebe weiter schädigen kann. Als wichtige Kompensationsmechanismen weisen gesteigertes Blutvolumen und mäßig gesteigerte Sauer stoff extraktion auf Verminderung der Sauerstoffreserve des Gewebes hin. Mit den dreidimensionalen quantitativen Methoden zur Messung physiologischer Parameter können auch funktionelle Inaktivierungen in morphologisch intakten Hirnregionen nachgewiesen werden, die für nicht lokalisierbare Ausfälle bei Insultpatienten verantwortlich sind und wahrscheinlich für die Rehabilitationsfähigkeit der Betroffenen Bedeutung haben.
Intrakranielle Blutungen und Thrombosen bei hereditären Mangelzuständen pro- und antikoagulatorisch aktiver Gerinnungsfaktoren
Authors: Kemkes-Matthes B.
Published: June 2018

Die Prognose intrakranieller Massenblutungen bei hereditärer Blutungsneigung ist trotz der Verfügbarkeit von Faktorenkonzentraten noch immer schlecht: viele Patienten versterben bereits bei der ersten Blutung, die Überlebenden behalten meist schwere Folgeschäden zurück. Eine Verbesserung der Prognose ist nur bei sehr frühzeitiger Diagnosestellung und entsprechend früher Substitution mit Faktorenkonzentraten zu erhoffen. Insbesondere bei Neugeborenen mit Nabelschnurblutungen oder anderen Blutungsproblemen sollte neben anderen -zugegebenermaßen häufigeren -Ursachen (46) an die Möglichkeit eines hereditären Gerinnungsdefekts gedacht und eine entsprechende Diagnostik eingeleitet werden. Dies erscheint insbesondere bei Mangelzuständen der Faktoren I, VII, VIII, IX, X und XIII wichtig, da diese Patienten bereits im Säuglingsalter zu schweren intrakraniellen Blutungen neigen. Eine leere Familienanamnese schließt einen schweren hereditären Gerinnungsdefekt keinesfalls aus, da Heterozygote klinisch meist unauffällig sind. Bei der Hämophilie ist die Erkrankung in der Familie im allgemeinen bereits bekannt, jedoch ist auch hier eine klinische Erstmanifestation im Säuglingsalter möglich.

Bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen mit bekannten Gerinnungsdefekten -insbesondere bei der Hämophilie A und B - sollte auch nach geringfügigem Trauma im Bereich des Kopfes immer eine Substitution mit Faktorenkonzentraten erfolgen, da ca. die Hälfte der intrakraniellen Blutungen posttraumatisch, u.U. mit einer Latenz von Tagen, auftritt.

Bei hereditären Thrombophilien sind bisher nur vereinzelt zerebrale Thrombosen beschrieben worden. Hereditäre Mangelzustände antiko- agulatorisch wirksamer Gerinnungsproteine sind jedoch erheblich häufiger als solche prokoagulatorisch aktiver Faktoren: der Protein-C-Mangel z.B. ist mit einer Heterozygotenzahl (die klinisch allerdings meist unauffällig sind) von 1:250 (61) sogar die häufigste Erbkrankheit des Menschen überhaupt. In Anbetracht der Tatsa-Tatsache, daß die meisten antikoagulatorisch wirksamen Gerinnungsfaktoren erst seit wenigen Jahren bekannt bzw. beim Patienten meßbar sind, ist esnaheliegend, daß die klinische Bedeutung von Mangelzuständen dieser Faktoren auch bei zerebralen Thrombosen in den nächsten Jahren erheblich zunehmen wird.
Biochemische Grundlagen der Inkompatibilität
Authors: Miyashita C. , Zeppezauer M.
Published: June 2018

Um abzuschätzen, inwieweit körperfremde Oberflächen biokompatibel sind, ist es wichtig, die physikochemischen Eigenheiten künstlicher und biologischer Polymere wie die von Blutproteinen zu verstehen. Diese Eigenschaften der beiden Reaktionspartner bestimmen ihre Wechselwirkungen, z.B. die Art kovalenter und nichtkovalenter Bindungen, in denen die Konformation, Ladung und biologische Aktivität der Eiweißstoffe beeinflußt wird, die an der Oberfläche adsorbiert werden. Zahlreiche Techniken zur Charakterisierung der chemischen, physikalischen und biologischen Parameter von Proteinen stehen zur Verfügung. Allerdings können viele von ihnen in bestimmten Situationen nicht angewendet werden. Thermodynamische wie optische und spektroskopische Methoden für die Charakterisierung von Oberflächenbindungen werden in diesem Referat beschrieben und besprochen.
Erstmanifestation von hereditären Störungen der Hämostase im Kindesalter
Authors: Sutor A. H. , Niederhoff H.
Published: June 2018

Die kongenitalen Defekte der Hämostase manifestieren sich in unterschiedlichem Alter und auf unterschiedliche Weise. In tabellarischer Übersicht wird gezeigt, in welchem Lebensalter die einzelnen Krankheitsbilder mit welcher Symptomatik sich erstmals präsentieren.

Darüber hinaus wird versucht, die Gründe für die unterschiedlichen Erstmanifestationen pathophysiolo-gisch zu verstehen und klinische Hinweise zur Differentialdiagnose zu geben. Neu ist, daß sich einzelne hereditäre Defekte bereits pränatal durch eine Hirnblutung manifestieren können.
Antithrombin-III-Aktivitätsabfall im Plasma unter intravenöser kontinuierlicher Heparintherapie
Authors: Hasler K. , Wörner D. , Bernstein P.
Published: June 2018

30 Patienten im Alter von 20-67 Jahren mit einer phlebographisch gesicherten tiefen Bein-Bekken-Venenthrombose wurden 8 Tage lang intravenös kontinuierlich mit Heparin-Natrium von Hoffmann-La Roche bzw. Ratiopharm behandelt. Bei diesen Patienten wurde eine Vollantikoagulierung mit einer Verlängerung der partiellen Thromboplastinzeit >60 bis 90 s angestrebt. Die Heparindosis variierte zwischen 25000-60000 IE/ 24 Std. In beiden Behandlungsgruppen hatte das Körpergewicht der Patienten einen hochsignifikanten Einfluß auf die Heparindosis, bei der eine Verlängerung der partiellen Thromboplastinzeit >60 s erreicht wurde. Bei allen Patienten fiel unter der kontinuierlichen Heparintherapie das Antithrombin III (AT III) um durchschnittlich 3,3 IU/ml ab. Das Ausmaß des AT-III-Abfalls variierte individuell, korrelierte nicht mit der Heparindosis.
Alpha-2-Beta-1-Integrin (Plättchenmembranglykoprotein Ia-IIa, VLA2, ECMR II)
Authors: Staatz W. D. , Zutter Mary , Santoro S. A.
Published: June 2018

Die in dieser Übersicht beschriebenen Studien zeigen klar, daß das α2β1 Integrin (Glykoprotein Ia-IIa, VLA2, ECMR II) nicht nur an Plättchen, sondern auch an anderen Zelltypen als Zelloberflächenrezeptor für Kollagen fungiert. Derzeit laufende Studien in zahlreichen Laboratorien sollten zu einem besseren Verständnis der genauen Rolle des Rezeptors bei der Kollagen-induzierten Plättchenaggregation und beim adhäsiven Verhalten anderer Zellen führen. Derzeit ist der Adhäsionsmechanismus, der durch das α2β1-Integrin vermittelt wird, der am besten verstandene Mechanismus der Adhäsion von Zellen an Kollagen. Es bestehen sicherlich noch andere Mechanismen, die von Plättchen und anderen Zellen benützt werden. Diese Mechanismen könnten durch andere Mitglieder der Integrinfamilien, wie α1β1 und α3β1, als auch durch NichtIntegrin-Rezeptoren vermittelt werden.