bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antipsychotic drugs counteract autophagy and mitophagy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Patergnani Simone , Bonora Massimo , Ingusci Selene , Previati Maurizio , Marchi Saverio , Zucchini Silvia , Perrone Mariasole , Wieckowski Mariusz R. , Castellazzi Massimiliano , Pugliatti Maura , Giorgi Carlotta , Simonato Michele , Pinton Paolo
Published: June 2021

Significance

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease in young adults. Advances in the understanding of the cellular mechanisms that contribute to MS may help to develop new therapies. Here, we elucidated the role of autophagy (a controlled intracellular pathway regulating the degradation of cellular components) and mitophagy (a specific form of autophagy that removes dysfunctional mitochondria) in MS. We found that human and experimental MS induces a mitochondrial deficit that leads to activation of autophagy and mitophagy. These phenomena play a causal role in MS because their inhibition with antipsychotic drugs prevents demyelination, induces remyelination, and reverts MS behavioral deficits. Our data suggest the repurposing of these Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs for the treatment of MS.
CAP1 binds and activates adenylyl cyclase in mammalian cells
Authors: Zhang Xuefeng , Pizzoni Alejandro , Hong Kyoungja , Naim Nyla , Qi Chao , Korkhov Volodymyr , Altschuler Daniel L.
Published: June 2021

Significance

cAMP is a second messenger present in most cells, synthesized by adenylyl cyclase. Different isoforms are present in eukaryotes with distinct modes of regulation. In yeast, cyclase is regulated by Ras2 in a CAP1-dependent manner. CAP1 is conserved in mammals; however, its cyclase regulatory component is considered to be lost during evolution. We show that CAP1 binds and activates mammalian cyclase and reveal a role for Rap1, a CAP1 partner, in cyclase regulation in mammalian cells. These findings indicate that Rap1 is not just a downstream cAMP player but in the context of CAP1 is able to modulate cAMP synthesis, establishing a positive feedback that might provide mechanistic clues into the spatiotemporal regulation of G
s
-dependent cAMP signaling.
Eusociality in snapping shrimps is associated with larger genomes and an accumulation of transposable elements
Authors: Chak Solomon T. C. , Harris Stephen E. , Hultgren Kristin M. , Jeffery Nicholas W. , Rubenstein Dustin R.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Despite great progress in uncovering the genomic underpinnings of advanced forms of social organization like eusociality, much less is known about how eusociality feeds back to drive genome evolution. Using snapping shrimps that exhibit multiple origins of eusociality and extreme interspecific variation in genome size, we show that eusocial species have larger genomes with more repetitive elements. Although our results support the idea that eusociality influences the accumulation of repetitive elements and an increase in genome size through changes in demography, there is also some evidence that repetitive elements could have also helped fuel the transition to eusociality in some lineages. Our work highlights a fluid relationship between genome and social evolution, demonstrating how eusociality can influence genome evolution and architecture.
ALS- and FTD-associated missense mutations in TBK1 differentially disrupt mitophagy
Authors: Harding Olivia , Evans Chantell S. , Ye Junqiang , Cheung Jonah , Maniatis Tom , Holzbaur Erika L. F.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Missense mutations in TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) have diverse biophysical and biochemical effects on the molecule and are associated with the neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fronto-temporal dementia. TBK1 plays an essential role in clearing damaged mitochondria. Here, we investigate the impact of 10 ALS-linked TBK1 mutations on the critical early stage of mitophagy. We find that both TBK1 recruitment and kinase activity contribute to the clearance of the damaged mitochondria. Furthermore, in neurons, expression of TBK1 mutants alone affects mitochondrial network health. Our investigation utilizes disease-linked mutations to further refine the current model of mitophagy, identifying regulatory crosstalk between the kinases TBK1 and ULK1, and providing insights into the roles of TBK1 in neurodegenerative pathogenesis.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Spike protein variants exhibit geographic differences in virulence
Authors: Wong Lok-Yin Roy , Zheng Jian , Sariol Alan , Lowery Shea , Meyerholz David K. , Gallagher Tom , Perlman Stanley
Published: June 2021

Significance

The 2015 Korean Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak occurred after an infected traveler returned from the Middle East, allowing virus evolution without further MERS-CoV introduction. We demonstrate that two mutations selected during the outbreak led to attenuation in mice, assessed using isogenic viruses. In Africa, MERS-CoV is endemic among camels without evident human MERS cases. Analysis of isogenic viruses expressing camel Spike proteins revealed insignificant change in murine virulence. These results illustrate differences in coronavirus evolution that occur under conditions of camel endemicity versus a one-time introduction into human populations, providing insight into the evolution of surface glycoproteins of SARS-CoV-2, and other respiratory viruses, in which virus evolves in zoonotic hosts and during human-to-human spread, such as influenza virus.
Single-cell analyses of renal cell cancers reveal insights into tumor microenvironment, cell of origin, and therapy response
Authors: Zhang Yuping , Narayanan Sathiya P. , Mannan Rahul , Raskind Gregory , Wang Xiaoming , Vats Pankaj , Su Fengyun , Hosseini Noshad , Cao Xuhong , Kumar-Sinha Chandan , Ellison Stephanie J. , Giordano Thomas J. , Morgan Todd M. , Pitchiaya Sethuramasundaram , Alva Ajjai , Mehra Rohit , Cieslik Marcin , Dhanasekaran Saravana M. , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are heterogeneous malignancies thought to arise from kidney tubular epithelial cells, and clear cell RCC is the most common entity. This study demonstrates that cell atlases generated from benign kidney and two common RCCs using single-cell RNA sequencing can predict putative cells of origin for more than 10 RCC subtypes. A focused analysis of distinct cell-type compartments reveals the potential role of tumor epithelia in promoting immune infiltration and other molecular attributes of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, an observed association between the lack of immunotherapy response and endothelial cell fraction has important clinical implications. The current study, therefore, significantly contributes toward understanding disease ontogenies and the molecular dynamics of tumor epithelia and the microenvironment.
Phenotypic and genetic characterization of MERS coronaviruses from Africa to understand their zoonotic potential
Authors: Zhou Ziqi , Hui Kenrie P. Y. , So Ray T. Y. , Lv Huibin , Perera Ranawaka A. P. M. , Chu Daniel K. W. , Gelaye Esayas , Oyas Harry , Njagi Obadiah , Abayneh Takele , Kuria Wilson , Walelign Elias , Wanglia Rinah , El Masry Ihab , Von Dobschuetz Sophie , Kalpravidh Wantanee , Chevalier Véronique , Miguel Eve , Fassi-Fihri Ouafaa , Trarore Amadou , Liang Weiwen , Wang Yanqun , Nicholls John M. , Zhao Jincun , Chan Michael C. W. , Poon Leo L. M. , Mok Chris Ka Pun , Peiris Malik
Published: June 2021

Significance

The absence of zoonotic MERS-CoV in Africa in spite of an abundance of MERS-CoV–infected dromedaries has remained an enigma. We demonstrate that geographically and genetically distinct viruses from Africa have low replication competence in the human lung, providing a possible explanation for the absence of severe MERS disease in Africa. The findings suggest that MERS-CoV now entrenched in the Arabian Peninsula has acquired increased pathogenic potential for humans. We demonstrate that the spike protein contributes to this phenotypic difference. If pathogenic clade B viruses from the Arabian Peninsula are introduced into Africa, they are likely to become dominant, as they have in the Arabian Peninsula, and to be associated with adverse health impacts in Africa and increased pandemic threat.
STING inhibitors target the cyclic dinucleotide binding pocket
Authors: Hong Ze , Mei Jiahao , Li Chenhui , Bai Guohui , Maimaiti Munire , Hu Haiyang , Yu Wenying , Sun Li , Zhang Lele , Cheng Dan , Liao Yixian , Li Senlin , You Yanping , Sun Hongbin , Huang Jing , Liu Xing , Lieberman Judy , Wang Chen
Published: June 2021

Significance

cGAS (cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic AMP-GMP synthase)-STING (stimulator of interferon genes) signaling is critical for sensing cytosolic DNA to initiate host immune responses against invading pathogens and cancer. However, inappropriate activation of STING signaling causes severe and often fatal autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases. Hence, STING is an attractive drug target for the treatment of STING-driven autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, there is a need to identify lead compounds that effectively inhibit human STING for further drug development. Here, we identified and characterized a STING-specific inhibitor SN-011 with high efficiency, specificity, and safety, paving the way for therapeutically manipulating STING-mediated clinical diseases.
Entanglement amplification from rotating black holes
Authors: Robbins Matthew P G , Henderson Laura J , Mann Robert B
Published: June 2021

The quantum vacuum has long been known to be characterized by field correlations between spacetime points. We show that such correlations—vacuum entanglement—in the environment of near-extremal black holes is significantly amplified (up to ten-fold) relative to their slowly rotating counterparts. We demonstrate this effect for rotating Banados–Teitelboim–Zanelli black holes by measuring the entanglement through the concurrence extracted from the vacuum via two-level quantum systems (Unruh–DeWitt detectors). The effect is manifest at intermediate distances from the horizon, and is most pronounced for near-extremal small mass black holes. The effect is also robust, holding for all boundary conditions of the field and at large spacelike detector separations. Smaller amplification occurs near the horizon, where we find that the entanglement shadow—a region near the black hole from which entanglement cannot be extracted—is diminished in size as the black hole’s angular momentum increases.
Complex 3D scan trajectories for industrial cone-beam computed tomography using a hexapod
Authors: Butzhammer Lorenz , Hausotte Tino
Published: June 2021

Industrial x-ray computed tomography (CT) represents an established measurement technique in the field of nondestructive testing and dimensional metrology. However, the measurement accuracy is sometimes limited by measurement artifacts that cannot be avoided using a standard circular scan trajectory. This problem can be addressed with the aid of flexible 3D trajectories, but up to date, the application of these is mainly restricted to special CT devices using robot arms. In this paper, we present results using a hexapod as an additional positioning system in a commercial industrial CT scanner. In addition to the 360∘rotation, task-specific tilting of the part during the scan is possible in this way. We used and adapted geometry calibration procedures based on a multi-sphere reference object to enable reconstruction with high accuracy. Using a demonstrator test fixture with high absorbing elements, we show that severe metal and truncation artifacts can be avoided for a region-of-interest scan. Furthermore, cone-beam artifacts, which are inherent to circular scan trajectories, can be reduced significantly. Using measurement objects that can be measured well with a circular trajectory, we found that applying a 3D trajectory leads to dimensional measurement deviations in the same range or even lower than those of a circular trajectory. This suggests that the pose repeatability of the hexapod is sufficient to perform complex scan paths without general loss of accuracy. The obtained results could be relevant for end users of conventional CT scanners, as upgrading existing devices is in principle possible. The presented investigations form the basis for the application of trajectory optimization algorithms.
Nonlinear dynamics of NTM seeding by turbulence
Authors: Muraglia M , Poyé A , Agullo O , Dubuit N , Garbet X
Published: June 2021

In fusion devices, the prediction of large magnetic island dynamics and saturation is of utmost importance for disruption control strategies. In experiments, this prediction can be provided by generalized Rutherford models. The purpose of this paper is to present an unified comparison between Rutherford models and first-principles simulations, across the various mechanisms leading to the growth of a magnetic island. More precisely, systematic comparisons of generalized Rutherford models with numerical 2D-reduced-magneto-hydrodynamic simulations have been done for a simple tearing mode and for neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) in presence or not of turbulence in order to assess the suitability of using generalized Rutherford models in experiments. It is found that agreement between simulation and model is not straightforward. For a simple tearing mode, prediction of saturated island size is possible only if the island is small enough. However, generalized Rutherford models fail to predict the whole island dynamics and as a consequence the saturation time. Predicting the behavior of NTMs is possible by using fitting parameters in generalized Rutherford models. Moreover, although the seeding mechanism is not taken into account in generalized Rutherford models, simulations show that NTM dynamics and saturation depend on the physical mechanisms at play to seed the island. In particular, a NTM presents different dynamics whether or not turbulence is present. Finally, it is shown that the amplification of a turbulence driven magnetic island to a NTM requires a bootstrap current that is strong enough.
Quantum Otto refrigerators in finite-time cycle period
Authors: Jiao Guangqian , Xiao Yang , He Jizhou , Ma Yongli , Wang Jianhui
Published: June 2021

Finite-time cycle period for a quantum Otto machine implies that either an adiabatic stroke or an isochoric process proceeds in finite time duration. The quantum Otto refrigerators under consideration consist of two adiabatic strokes, where the system (isolated from the heat reservoir) undergoes finite-time unitary transformation, and two isochoric steps, where the system may not reach thermal equilibrium even at the respective ends of the two stages due to finite-time interaction intervals. Using two-time projective measurement method, we find the probability distribution functions of both coefficient of performance and cooling load, which are dependent on the time duration along each process. With these distributions we find the analytical expressions for the performance parameters as well as their fluctuations. We then numerically determine the performance and fluctuations for the refrigerator operating with a two-level system employed in a recent experimental implementation. Our results clarify the role of finite-time durations of four processes on the performance and fluctuations of the quantum Otto refrigerators.
A new approach to mathematical models of Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson and coupled viscous Burgers’ equations in water flow
Authors: Ayata Muammer , Özkan Ozan
Published: June 2021

In this paper, it is the first time that we implement conformable Laplace decomposition method (CLDM) to time fractional systems of Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson equation (DSWE) and coupled viscous Burgers’ equation (CVBE). DSWE and CVBE have an important place for cceanic, coastal sea research and they are considered as a mathematical model for shallow water waves and hydrodynmic turbulence respectively. At the end, the obtained solutions are compared with the exact solutions by the aid of tables and figures. The obtained results show that,conformable Laplace decomposition method (CLDM) is efficient, reliable, easy to apply and it gives researchers a new perspective for solving a wide variety of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations in physics.
Auto Block IoT: A Forensics Framework for Connected Vehicles
Authors: Abhay P A , Jishnu N V , Meenakshi K T , Yaswanth P S , Oommen Philip Abin
Published: June 2021

The increase in the number of vehicles has led to the increase in number of accidents. The rise in connected vehicles and autonomous vehicles will increase the level of forensics and investigations required in case of an accident. A hindrance to the investigation is the reliability of data. This paper proposes a blockchain framework to ensure that the vehicular data at the time of accident is stored in a tamper-proof and reliable way for further analysis by various stakeholders. A test bed using IoT, IPFS and Etherum test network is proposed and evaluated to study the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Disease detection in rice leaves using transfer learning techniques
Authors: Kathiresan Gugan , Anirudh M , Nagharjun M , Karthik R
Published: June 2021

Recent development in deep learning techniques have had a massive impact in the field of agricultural disease detection. The negative impact of pest and bacterial diseases to rice plants are well known, and for regions where rice is staple, this is issue carries a lot of weight. This work proposes a high accuracy, transfer learned model that can provide a mobile solution for farmers and agricultural organizations to detect rice leaf diseases at hand. This study also utilizes a generative adversarial network to balance the number of disease samples. We compare our model to other transfer learning architectures as well. The presented model tested on a GAN augmented dataset, achieves an average cross validation accuracy of 98.79% outperforming paradigm classification architectures. The model is also compared on 3 different datasets, without the GAN augmentation, establishing benchmark performance of 98.38% average accuracy.
RETRACTED: An Adaptive Fuzzy System based Insider Attacks detection with Group Key management for Wireless Ad-Hoc Network
Authors: Chellappan Sivakumar , Nalini C
Published: June 2021

Ad-hoc networking of wireless devices permits the establishment of contact links on the taking part hubs without pre-arranged infrastructure. In wireless ad hoc networks, participatorynodestypicallyengageingroupcommunicationssuchasbroadcast, multi-accessor relay functions. Protecting these communications is a challenging task, as internal attackers may secretly cause damage to the network, which is difficult to predict. Internal attackers can affect the sensors negatively and may disrupt the network by dropping sensitive packets or modifying packet information maliciously. Inside attackers are capable of causing many types of activities as well as passive attacks. Attackers located at a critical point in the network can significantly affect network performance. Insider attackers conceal themselves by marking themselves as legitimate nodes. Therefore, it becomes hard for the system to differentiate dishonest nodes from honest nodes. So as to make the communication among the network more secure, an adaptive fuzzy system that uses CSO algorithm for selecting optimal membership function has been proposed. In this approach, the group key is distributed by the cluster head to the cluster members. This makes sure that only the nodes with the same group key can speak with one another. Implementing appropriate group-key management in the system that focuses on internal attacks identifies the dishonest nodes which can be then eliminated through some other security measures. This ensures the absence of the dishonest nodes inside the network. The results have been simulated and the execution of the proposed approach has been contrasted with the tradition FS approach. The results have shown the presented approach has performed better than the traditional approach.
Acceleration of Web Interface Generation Through Voice Commands
Authors: Rattan Himanshu , Agarwal Shantnu , Poovammal E
Published: June 2021

Advancement in technology is useless unless it is accompanied by a greater access to technology. Be it lack of technical knowledge or a dearth of ability to comprehend or reason, technology must allow low-code or no-code access to all. This work tries to bridge this accessibility barrier by bringing Natural Language Processing (NLP) to the website development process. using NLP and Azure Cognitive Services, we will be able to understand what elements the user wants to add to the website by extracting the required information. Dynamic generation of web pages using voice commands from the user will not only increase low-code accessibility to naive users, but will also speed up work for experienced users by allowing them to easily add elements to the website.
An Efficient Approach to Microarray Data Classification using Elastic Net Feature Selection, SVM and RF
Authors: Koushik C , Shreyas Madhav A V , Singh Rabindra Kumar
Published: June 2021

DNA Microarray technology forms an integral part of the bioinformatics world and provides researchers with ability to monitor a large amount of gene expressions simultaneously. The analysis of this data proves extremely beneficial in the detection of several diseases. Classification of the gene expression data obtained from microarrays is an imperative step in providing further information on the types of possible diseases present. Several classification models for microarray data have been proposed, yielding considerable results in terms of accuracy and execution time. This paper demonstrates the implementation of a microarray data classification system using Elastic Net for feature selection on two classification mechanisms. The classification of the data has been carried out using SVM and Random Forest Classifier methods. The implemented system using Elastic Net and SVM exhibits a much better performance in terms of accuracy and execution time than most of the existing systems.
Implementation of robotics and its impact on sustainable banking: A futuristic study
Authors: Choubey A. , Sharma M.
Published: June 2021

Nowadays we are standing on the edge of technological rebellion which would vitally modify the way we live and work. This paper focuses on understanding the changing economic and financial situations with advent of modern technology. Banking sector was analyzed with the help of secondary data collected through several reports, journals, websites and past studies. The study helped me attain insight into probable impacts of implementation of robotics in banking sector and the way it would help to ease the bank’s transactions, maintain sustainability throughout and enhance profitability. While in the field of manufacturing, repetitive procedure have been subjected to automation involving robotics and other technologies, since industrial revolution, robotics has now opened doors to other sectors of the world like banking and finance. This study has been undertaken to understand the impact of RPA (Robotics process automation) technology on banks and its future in a developing nation like India. The research has emphasized on alterations made by changing technology specially robotics in the banking industry.
Improving Throughput in Sub – Nyquist Spectrum Sensing using a Cluster Model for Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Bhuvaneswari Vinithkumar GK P.T.V , Gloria A
Published: June 2021

The underutilization of radio spectrum has led to the downfall of Fixed Spectrum Allocation (FSA) since mobile frequency bands are getting overloaded due to rise of users all across the world. These drawbacks could be overcome by a concept called Dynamic Spectrum Allocation (DSA) implemented by an intelligent form of communication termed as Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN). CRN finds its applications adopted in military for battlefield surveillance, medical areas for 24 × 7 patient monitoring and also in TV white spaces. CRN involves SS in an efficient manner to deploy mobile users in TV frequency bands in a wider range through Wideband SS (WSS). WSS provides omnipresent spectrum monitoring for detecting spectral holes in the unutilized TV spectrum. The concept of Sub-Nyquist Sensing in WSS has several advantages in data sampling improving a plethora of application throughputs. The cluster approach in CRN has improved the base station crisis in load handling, throughput performance. In this paper, we focus on improving the traffic Quality of service (QoS) of the users in WSS by employing a cluster CRN network and applying Nyquist Sensing (NS) and Sub-Nyquist sensing (SNS) to find out the significance of SNS in the cluster network.
ARP Poisoning Detection and Prevention using Scapy
Authors: Majumdar Aayush , Raj Shruti , Subbulakshmi T.
Published: June 2021

Address Resolution Protocol is a protocol associated with mapping a given IP address with the associated MAC address. ARP Poisoning or Spoofing attack is an attack which carried out over a Local Area Network. In an ARP Poisoning/Spoofing attack malicious ARP Packets are sent to a default gateway on LAN with intent to change the IP address-MAC address pairings in the ARP cache table. ARP Spoof attack tool has been developed with a script written in Python Programming language using scapy library. A detection algorithm has been proposed for detecting the above generated ARP Poisoning attack (or any ARP Poisoning attack in general) and implemented the same using a python script with scapy library. The detection algorithm is based on analyzing the real MAC Address and response MAC Address of the ARP Packet sniffed for any discrepancies. Lastly, a prevention mechanism is proposed and implemented for ARP Poisoning attacks by implementing static entries in ARP table.
Feature Fusion Based Orange and Banana Fruit Quality Analysis with Textural Image Processing
Authors: Apte S K , Patavardhan P P
Published: June 2021

A nondestructive approach for fruit quality assessment is outlined. Fruit Quality is determined by external and internal features. Only external features won’t help to determine the overall quality of a fruit. Color images and x-ray image of Orange and Banana fruit are captured. With Image processing tool features like Color histogram, color moments and Gabor filter are extracted for external as well as internal quality assessment. Total 18 color features and 27 textural features are extracted for analysis. Sample color images and x-ray image of Orange and Banana fruit are trained and tested. Fusion algorithm is developed to detect the fruit class. Fruits are divided into three classes’ viz. 50% defected, 90% defected and Normal class. SVM and ANN classifier are elected to determine the fruit quality. This information is used to determine degradation level of a fruit. The experimental result showed that % accuracy with SVM classifier is more than ANN classifier.
SME 4.0: Machine learning framework for real-time machine health monitoring system
Authors: Velmurugan K , Venkumar P , Sudhakara Pandian R
Published: June 2021

Over the past ten years, manufacturers and consumers have become increasingly interested in the applications of smart, sustainable, and autonomous systems in the industry and in everyday life. Due to the recent industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), most of the existing Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) also want to adapt their work environment into the smart system by the applications of these technologies such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, Machine Learning Algorithm (MLA), Internet Communication Technology (ICT), and Cyber-Physical System (CPS). Because they are very much interested in maximizing productivity, machine availability, reliability, and customer satisfaction in this competitive industrial world. This research study particularly focuses on the Predictive Maintenance (PdM) activity of critical machines and their components in the SME based on the maintenance history dataset through the application of the supervised machine learning algorithm such as Logistics Regression (LR) and K-Means (K-Nearest Neighbor) approaches. In accordance, the real-time case study is presented in SMEs in the southern region of Tamil Nadu, India with two-phase activities. Initially, the optimal failure rate of the machines is predicted by the utilization of LR trained models. Then trigger the man-machine communication and suitable decision-making process of service and maintenance activity through the application of the K-Mean approaches. The main objective of this research study is to organize the smart PdM activity of the smart factory systems in SMEs with the application of MLA based on the real-time maintenance history dataset.
Android Malware Detection and Classification using LOFO Feature Selection and Tree-based Models
Authors: Roseline S Abijah , Geetha S
Published: June 2021

Cybersecurity threats on mobile devices are also growing substantially with the subsequent rise in the usage of smartphones and mobile applications. Cybercriminals inevitably have expanded their malicious operations to Google’s Android mobile operating system. Due to the limitations of traditional signature-based approaches and the constant evolution of new malware, current malware detection systems are turned to be empowered by intelligent machine learning models. In this aspect, malware defense techniques strive to integrate data science and cybersecurity. This paper presents an Android malware detection system that incorporates the Leave One Feature Out (LOFO) approach and uses tree-based learning models to classify malware applications based on the top selected features. The experimental evaluation is conducted on the DREBIN dataset to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. The prediction accuracy of the XGBoost classifier is observed to outperform other tree-based models, but with higher computational costs.
Fabrication of Austenitic ODS 316L Stainless Steel with Arc Plasma Sintering Method
Authors: Shabrina N , Haerani D N , Salam R , Sujatno A , Sugeng B , Bandriyana B , Silalahi M
Published: June 2021

Austenitic ODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) 316L steel was fabricated using 316L SS (Stainless Steel) pre-alloyed powder and yttria powders by mechanical milling with APS (Arc Plasma Sintering) method. The powders were milled in High Milling Shaker at 1000 rpm in rotational speed for 10 hours at 10 BPR (Ball Powder Ratio). As milled powders were pressed at 20 Ton and sintered with APS for 0 to 12 minutes at 70 A. The samples were analysed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Microscope Optic (MO) with micro-hardness tester and Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscope (SEM-EDS). The results of phase and microstructure showed the austenitic grade of the samples. The sintering time contributed to the microstructure of the samples. At room temperature, the mechanical properties of ODS 316L SS was higher than conventional 316L SS.
Notes on Espenson Method for Determining Catalyzed Reaction Fitting-Constants
Authors: Patiha  , Saraswati T E , Wahyuningsih S , Firdaus M , Masykur A
Published: June 2021

Espenson states that many catalyzed reactions can be represented in a unified equation. Based on the basic assumption that the catalyzed reaction occurs in 2 reaction mechanisms (zeroth-order and first-order), he also introduced a time-lag-based equation for determining the fitting-constants, q and κ, using a combination of outset and near-end data. A new method, compiled based on the outset and near-end data separately, has been introduced. This study aims to demonstrate the inaccuracy of Espenson Method. The study was carried out theoretically, and the inaccuracies were tested by applying both methods to the literature data. Assessment is based on the kobs
and κ values. The results showed that Espenson Method does not always use basic assumptions. The average percentage difference in the mean value of kobs
, relative to the new method was 14.24% and for κ was 52.23%. The q value is not constant; q is not the maximum velocity. Doubling [Cat.] will double q, but kobs
and κ are the same. Therefore, q is simply a maximum relative velocity. The real constant is kobs
as the observed catalyst constant.
The chemical kinetics studies of methylene blue degradation treated in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma with and without TiO2 photocatalyst
Authors: Zuhaela I A , Cahyani M R , Saraswati T E , Kusumandari K. , Anwar M. , Suselo Y H , Ismayenti L , Rahardjo S B
Published: June 2021

The presence of textile industry color-wastewater in a toxic environment needs to be treated to reduce the toxicity. The wastewater treatment can be performed by the combination technique of photocatalysis and plasma ozonation. The kinetics studies of these techniques are interesting to be studied to investigate which process is more dominant when playing a role in pollutant degradation. In this study, the kinetic study of a combination technique of plasma ozonation and photocatalysis using TiO2 was analyzed using a methylene blue (MB) dye pollutant model. The study was compared to the kinetic study of the plasma ozonation alone. The plasma ozonation was generated by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor, which used two electrodes separated by a dielectric barrier of quartz glass, which high voltage 5 kV (AC power supply) and an airflow rate of 1 L/min. The results of the experiment show that MB concentration after DBD treatment decreased. The chemical kinetics test is able to determine the reaction order, in which the treatment process using DBD plasma with photocatalyst TiO2 follows the second order. In contrast, those using DBD treatment without TiO2 follows the first order.
Effect of Reaction Time on the rGO-CoS Composite Structural Properties
Authors: Fathoni H I , Kawuni K R , Hanif Q A , Wahyuningsih S , Supriyanto A , Harjana  , Ramelan A H
Published: June 2021

In this research, the rGO-CoS composites were successfully synthesized from GO and the Cobalt and Sulfur precursors via solvothermal reaction. The GO material was obtained by Hummer method reaction synthesis. In term of rGO synthesis, reaction time is one of important factors that determine the reduction process and the resulting material properties. Therefore, we studied the influence of reaction time to the chemical properties of the obtained composites by varying i.e 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours of reaction time. The characterizations were carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Morphological observation of rGo-CoS shows that rGO-CoS are has many thin layers, rougher, and wider surface. From the XRD result, GO shows shift of peak diffractogram to 2θ 9.56 ° with interplanar space 9.24 Á and rGO-CoS 36 shows several peaks at 2θ 30.84, 35.47, 47.54, 54.94°. The GO spectrum pattern shows specific functional group, OH groups (hydroxyl), carboxyl stretching vibration C=O (-COOH), C=C of unoxidized graphite consisting aromatic rings, and epoxy group vibration C-O(-C), while rGO and rGO-CoS shows decrease in intensity of these bands. It concluded that the rGO-CoS 36 (hours) is considered as the most optimum reduction reaction time.
Nanocellulose Obtained from Biomass as Advance Adsorbent for Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet
Authors: Mahardiani L , Ilfama R , Saputro S , Pranolo S H , Septianing P W
Published: June 2021

In this research, the ability of papaya tree trunks as nanocellulose adsorbent for dyes removal was conducted. The synthesis of nanocellulose is carried out in several steps, including isolation of cellulose using the extraction method, immersion with a variety of alkaline bases, namely KOH, KOH+NH3, and KOH+Na2CO3 and synthesis of nanocellulose by hydrolysis reaction. The adsorption process was carried out in batch method, by contacting the nanocellulose adsorbent with the dye, then filtered and observed the change in concentration using UV-Vis. Meanwhile, to observe the functional groups contained in the nanocellulose obtained from synthesis of papaya tree stems FTIR result was evaluated. The results showed that all cellulose-forming groups (CO, CH2, CH) were present in synthesis nanocellulose in accordance with those of the commercial. The synthesis results with variations in the alkaline base which the closest to commercial yield was the variation with the alkaline KOH base. In addition, determination of adsorption performance of ones is compared with performance of commercial nanocellulose.
Potential edible coating of pectin obtained from banana peel for fruit preservation
Authors: Mahardiani L , Larasati R , Susilowati E , Hastuti B , Azizah N L
Published: June 2021

Edible coating is one of the strategies to preserve food because it provides protection by covering the food with its coating. Pectin is one of the sources of edible coating which can be obtained from biomass. This research aims to (1) investigate the potential banana peel as the source edible coating, (2) characterize the characteristics of pectin obtained, and (3) evaluate the edible coating effect on tomato in different temperatures storage. This research used the experimental method in the laboratory. The making of edible coating solution used banana peel pectin was varied with concentration of 2% and 10% added the following additives, namely: CMC, glycerol, potassium sorbate, and stearate fatty acids. The edible coating solution was applied to tomatoes with variations of temperature storage. The results showed that: (1) banana peel has potential as source edible coating, (2) the characterizations of pectin are in accordance with standard of international pectin quality, and (3) in the room and cold temperature storage, the coating tomato is 10% better than that of 2% and without treatment seen from the shrinkage value of weight.
Techno Economic Analysis of Online and Closed Loop Transformer Oil Purification System for Offshore Oil and Gas Platform
Authors: Bahroinuddin M. , Sukirno
Published: June 2021

The focus of this research is to conduct techno-economic analysis for investment on purification system of transformer oil in offshore oil and gas industry. The challenges of the purification system are the design shall be appropriate for limited space area, no production disruption (works online), and conducted without discharging from the pipe / transformer system in accordance with regulations. The methodology of this research is conducting literature study and review to previous researches and using existing contract data and manufacturer’s offering which applied in oil & gas industry of Indonesia. The result is the most appropriate purification system is the combination of filtration – degassing & dehydration – filtration methods, 70 cm x 70 cm x 125 cm in dimension. The investment is good in economic value which indicated by IRR value 25.24%, NPV IDR 2,425,529,703, and payback period 4.35 years.
Adsorption of Metal Ion Manganese (Mn) in Sodium Silicate Solution using Chitosan
Authors: Febriana E , Pitriani P , Handayani M , Irawan J , Prasetyo A B , Sulistiyono E , Firdiyono F , Hendrawati
Published: June 2021

High purity Silica precipitate is very potential materials which can be utilized for many applications for high grade silicon, filler, photovoltaic, catalytic chemical, etc. Indonesia has abundant natural resources including quartz sand as raw materials for making high purity silica precipitate. Silica precipitate is made by roasting quartz sand forming sodium silicate solution. In order to obtain high purity silica precipitate, purification of sodium silicate solution is needed. In this study, purification of sodium silicate solution is performed by adsorption process of metal ion manganese (Mn) using chitosan as adsorbent. The experiment was done using batch technique. The variation of adsorption process was performed to get optimum conditions such as sample concentration, adsorbent mass, contact time, pH and temperature. The adsorption of metal ions of Mn was analyzed by atomic adsorption spectroscopy. The result of experiment shows that the best mass of chitosan for Mn adsorption process is 0.2 grams which gives percentage adsorption of 56.63%. The optimum contact time is 30 minutes, it results percentage adsorption of 52.5%. The optimum pH 3 gives adsorption percentage of 58.67%. And the best temperature for adsorption is at 60 °C with the percentage adsorption of 65.72%. Adsorption mechanism of metal ion Mn follow the isotherm model of langmuir and freundlich with the linearity value of R2 = 0.99 and 0.98 respectively.
Acute Oral Toxicity Test of Eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) Oil in Mice Liver and Kidney Cells
Authors: Sasongko H , Sugiantoro R S W , Advaita N , Sugiyarto
Published: June 2021

The present research aimed to investigate the acute toxicity effects of eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) oil on liver and kidney function after oral administration in mice. Eel is one of marine biodiversity and fish consumed in many countries, especially Japan, China, and Indonesia. Toxic effect symptoms were observed for 14 days. On the 15th day, the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), histology profile of liver, creatinine, and histology profile of kidney were measured. The current result showed the LD50 value of eel oil was > 15 g/kg b.w, which categorized practically nontoxic. Eel oil didn’t affect the toxic effect symptoms on ALT level, lever histology profile, and creatinine level. Histology profile observation showed that eel oil effects on the histological profile of mice kidney with moderate injury level (26-50%).
Optimization Of Natural Body Scrub Formulation Based On Oilseed Press Cake Of Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum L) Using D-Optimal Mixture Experimental Design
Authors: Rakhmawati R , Kusumaningrum D M , Artanti A N , Prihapsara F , Hadi S
Published: June 2021

UV light and air pollution are sources of free radicals that can trigger skin problems. Skin problems can be overcome by using skin treatments that contain antioxidant compounds so that oxidation reactions derived from free radicals can be inhibited (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 2000). Skin care that can overcome skin problems is body scrub preparation. Body scrub cream-based preparations consists of oil and water phase, emulgator, and abrasives. Oilseed press cake or residual product of nyamplung (tamanu) oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) has characteristics as an abrasiver and reported degree of hydrolysis that can counteract free radicals using the DPPH method through a % RSA value of 39.82%. Oilseed press cake of nyamplung will be developed as a raw material for the formulation of body scrub that have added value. Body scrub formulation was done by optimizing the emulgator material (stearic acid and triethanolamine) using Expert Design software D-Optimal and the optimal emulgator concentration was obtained (stearic acid 3% and triethanolamine 1%) and physical in stability of the optimum formulation is tested in 28 days in 1,2,3 and 4 week at room temperature by looking at the parameters of organoleptic physical properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion test. Based on physicaly examination, it showed that the formula of oilseed press cake of nyamplung body scrub for 28 days at room temperature is a semi-solid, brown color and smells of apple, pH value is 7,647 ± 0.128; the viscosity value is 3.633.33 ± 152.75 dPas; spreadability is 3,87 ± 0.20 cm, and adhesiveness is 2,3 ± 0,04 second.
The Evaluation of Deflection and Tensile Stress in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement for a Damaged Road
Authors: Wibowo  , Setyawan Ary , Yusep Muslih P , Setiawan Bambang , Muandululman Farikh Fajri , Setiawan Abel Galang , Prabowo Galih Rizky Adi
Published: June 2021

Most local governments in Indonesia experienced problems in developing pavements on expansive soil as observed in the damages to the road segment due to the conditions of the soil and excessive traffic loads. This has led to the rehabilitation of the road pavement by designing a continuous rigid structure without reinforcement. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse and evaluate the condition of a jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) structure without reinforcement based on the results of deflection and tensile stress. The process involved the application of Manual Road Pavement method to determine the pavement thickness as well as the use of analytical and numerical analysis to produce tensile and deflection values at CBR variations of 2% to 6%. Moreover, loads were applied at the edge and centre of the concrete plates and the results from the two methods of analysis were compared to determine the usefulness of different types of reinforced rigid pavement on the conditions of expansive soil subgrade. Meanwhile, the jointed plain concrete pavement analysis without reinforcement produced a 25 cm thick concrete plate and the thickness was further analysed analytically and numerically using variations in CBR values from 2% to 6%. The deflection and tensile stress values, however, met the maximum limit required.
Determining initial damage state of confined masonry wall
Authors: Safarizki H A , Marwahyudi
Published: June 2021

A masonry wall can withstand the compressive, tensile, and shear forces, besides that, a masonry wall can add rigidity to the building structure. The stiffness contributed by the masonry wall can influence the stiffness of the global structure. The contribution of stiffness to masonry walls is linear until the walls are damaged. The linear limit of the behaviour of masonry infill reinforced concrete portal can be used as the first criterion of damage (damage state). This study aims to determine the limit criteria for damage to reinforced concrete masonry wall buildings. The types of bricks used are normal bricks, Z bricks, Z hook bricks. The portal structure of masonry infill reinforced concrete was analyzed using the stiffness approach in the matrix formulation, where the wall stiffness was assumed to be a strut. The strut stiffness is determined based on the masonry panel shear test. The amount of lateral deformation on the portal when the internal shear force on the strut element reaches the wall shear strength limit is used as a limit for the linear behaviour of the masonry-filled reinforced concrete portal.
The Use of Energy in The Production Process of Hot Mix Asphalt in Asphalt Mixing Plant (AMP)
Authors: Atmaja A, S , Setyawan A. , Pranolo S.H. , Djumari
Published: June 2021

Asphalt mixing plant (AMP) is a set of tools used to produce hot mix asphalt (HMA) in a location/place. This study is intended to determine the energy use of diesel fuel sets in the production process by measuring the energy use of both types of fuel including fuel consumption and energy, temperature, and the quantity of production from HMA in the AMP. The conclusion of this research is that changes in temperature and length of time of production will affect the use of diesel fuel and energy use, with the longer the production time and the temperature instability to heat the aggregate in the dryer, it will consume huge fuel and energy usage and the results of the calculation analysis were also obtained by producing a HMA weighing 130.640 tons requires consumption of diesel fuel of 1,477.25 liters which is equivalent to the fuel consumption of oil palm shell waste of 6.01 ton and also which is equivalent to energy use of 52,280.99 MJ, for each production of 1 ton of HMA required consumption of diesel fuel of 11.31 liters. Meanwhile, to increase 1°C requires 8.09 liters of diesel fuel consumption which is equivalent to energy use of 290.16 MJ.