bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LRRK2 Knockout Confers Resistance in HEK-293 Cells to Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Damage, and Apoptosis
Authors: Quintero-Espinosa Diana Alejandra , Sanchez-Hernandez Sabina , Velez-Pardo Carlos , Martin Francisco , Jimenez-Del-Rio Marlene
Published: June 2023

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been linked to dopaminergic neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial impairment, and increased cell death in idiopathic and familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, how exactly this kinase participates in the OS-mitochondria-apoptosis connection is still unknown. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 LRRK2 knockout (KO) in the human embryonic kidney cell line 293 (HEK-293) to evaluate the cellular response to the mitochondrial inhibitor complex I rotenone (ROT), a well-known OS and cell death inducer. We report successful knockout of the LRRK2 gene in HEK-293 cells using CRISPR editing (ICE, approximately 60%) and flow cytometry (81%) analyses. We found that HEK-293 LRRK2 WT cells exposed to rotenone (ROT, 50 μM) resulted in a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS, +7400%); oxidized DJ-1-Cys106-SO3 (+52%); phosphorylation of LRRK2 (+70%) and c-JUN (+171%); enhanced expression of tumor protein (TP53, +2000%), p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA, +1950%), and Parkin (PRKN, +22%); activation of caspase 3 (CASP3, +8000%), DNA fragmentation (+35%) and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm, −58%) and PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1, −49%) when compared to untreated cells. The translocation of the cytoplasmic fission protein dynamin-related Protein 1 (DRP1) to mitochondria was also observed by colocalization with translocase of the outer membrane 20 (TOM20). Outstandingly, HEK-293 LRRK2 KO cells treated with ROT showed unaltered OS and apoptosis markers. We conclude that loss of LRRK2 causes HEK-293 to be resistant to ROT-induced OS, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis in vitro. Our data support the hypothesis that LRRK2 acts as a proapoptotic kinase by regulating mitochondrial proteins (e.g., PRKN, PINK1, DRP1, and PUMA), transcription factors (e.g., c-JUN and TP53), and CASP3 in cells under stress conditions. Taken together, these observations suggest that LRRK2 is an important kinase in the pathogenesis of PD.
The Impact of Biologic Treatment on PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway Disturbances in Psoriasis
Authors: Adamczyk Michał , Bartosińska Joanna , Raczkiewicz Dorota , Michalak-Stoma Anna , Krasowska Dorota
Published: June 2023

The programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor plays a major physiological role in the maintenance of immune tolerance and, by interaction with its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2), prevents the development of multiple immune-mediated diseases. There is growing evidence of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway playing an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In total, 84 subjects with psoriasis were included in this study, together with 29 healthy subjects as a control group. Twenty-eight of the psoriatic patients were treated with biologic therapy (TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-12/23, or IL-17 inhibitors). The amounts of PD-1- and PD-L1-positive T-cells in peripheral blood were evaluated using flow cytometry. Significantly lower levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 were found in psoriatic patients compared to healthy individuals, i.e., CD3/PD-1-, CD3/PD-L1-, CD4/PD-1-, CD4/PD-L1-, CD8/PD-L1-, CD19/PD-1-, and CD19/PD-L1-positive cells. Biologic treatment resulted in the elevation of CD3/PD-L1- and CD8/PD-L1- and a decrease in CD8/PD-1-positive PBMCs. Our results confirm previous observations of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway being disrupted in psoriasis, and that these disturbances may play an important role in development of the disease. Biologic drugs may reverse several abnormalities observed within this pathway, which may explain their excellent efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis. Further research should be conducted to fully explain the results obtained.
Stair-Climbing Tests or Self-Reported Functional Capacity for Preoperative Pulmonary Risk Assessment in Patients with Known or Suspected COPD—A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Dankert André , Neumann-Schirmbeck Benedikt , Dohrmann Thorsten , Plümer Lili , Wünsch Viktor Alexander , Sasu Phillip Brenya , Sehner Susanne , Zöllner Christian , Petzoldt Martin
Published: June 2023

Background: This prospective study aims to determine whether preoperative stair-climbing tests (SCT) predict postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) better than self-reported poor functional capacity (SRPFC) in patients with known or suspected COPD. Methods: A total of 320 patients undergoing scheduled for major non-cardiac surgery, 240 with verified COPD and 80 with GOLD key indicators but disproved COPD, underwent preoperative SRPFC and SCT and were analyzed. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used for variable selection. Two multivariable regression models were fitted, the SRPFC model (baseline variables such as sociodemographic, surgical and procedural characteristics, medical preconditions, and GOLD key indicators plus SRPFC) and the SCT model (baseline variables plus SCTPFC). Results: Within all stair-climbing variables, LASSO exclusively selected self-reported poor functional capacity. The cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% confidence interval (95% CI) did not differ between the SRPFC and SCT models (0.71; 0.65–0.77 for both models). SRPFC was an independent risk factor (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.45; 95% CI 1.04–28.60; p = 0.045 in the SRPFC model) but SCTPFC was not (adjusted OR 3.78; 95% CI 0.87–16.34; p = 0.075 in the SCT model). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that preoperative SRPFC adequately predicts PPC while additional preoperative SCTs are dispensable in patients with known or suspected COPD.
Characteristics and Long-Term Outcome of 535 Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis—The 20-Year Experience of a High-Volume Tertiary Center
Authors: Buechter Matthias , Dorn Dominik , Möhlendick Birte , Siffert Winfried , Baba Hideo A. , Gerken Guido , Kahraman Alisan
Published: June 2023

Background and aims: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a complex and progressive inflammatory liver disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of the liver parenchyma, hypergammaglobulinemia, the presence of circulating autoantibodies, and good response to immunosuppressive therapy. Since the prevalence of AIH is relatively rare, data on the clinical course and the long-term outcome are scarce. Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 535 well-documented AIH patients treated at the University Hospital Essen between 2000 and 2020. Results: The majority of patients were middle-aged females (75% women, mean age 45 years) with AIH type 1 (97%). Approximately 32% of patients were diagnosed with cirrhosis due to AIH, 29% had concomitant autoimmune (predominantly autoimmune thyroiditis), and 10% had psychiatric diseases, respectively. Skin tumors were the most common malignant diseases (47% of all tumors), while hepatocellular carcinoma rarely occurred (only six cases). Overall long-term mortality and liver-associated mortality were 9.16% and 4.67%, respectively. However, long-term survival was strongly associated with disease remission. Conclusions: Although AIH is a silent disease and cirrhosis is present in many cases, a favorable long-term prognosis can be achieved by consequent immunosuppressive therapy. The incidence of (liver-associated) complications seems to be lower in comparison to other etiologies, such as viral hepatitis or NASH, and mainly depends on the long-term side effects of immunosuppressive therapy.
State Super Sampling Soft Actor–Critic Algorithm for Multi-AUV Hunting in 3D Underwater Environment
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Sui Yancheng , Qin Hongde , Lu Hao
Published: June 2023

Reinforcement learning (RL) is known for its efficiency and practicality in single-agent planning, but it faces numerous challenges when applied to multi-agent scenarios. In this paper, a Super Sampling Info-GAN (SSIG) algorithm based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) is proposed to address the problem of state instability in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). The SSIG model allows a pair of GAN networks to analyze the previous state of dynamic system and predict the future state of consecutive state pairs. A multi-agent system (MAS) can deduce the complete state of all collaborating agents through SSIG. The proposed model has the potential to be employed in multi-autonomous underwater vehicle (multi-AUV) planning scenarios by combining it with the Soft Actor–Critic (SAC) algorithm. Hence, this paper presents State Super Sampling Soft Actor–Critic (S4AC), which is a new algorithm that combines the advantages of SSIG and SAC and can be applied to Multi-AUV hunting tasks. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has strong learning ability and adaptability and has a considerable success rate in hunting the evading target in multiple testing scenarios.
Underwater Transmitter Localization Based on TDOA and FDOA Considering the Unknown Time-Varying Emission Frequency
Authors: Kim Jonghoek
Published: June 2023

This article considers locating a noncooperative underwater transmitter utilizing multiple receivers, such that each receiver can measure the frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) as well as the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the transmitter’s sound. This article considers the case where the unknown emission frequency of the transmitter changes as time goes. This article addresses hybrid TDOA-FDOA localization, under the assumption that the transmitter’s maximum speed is known in advance. To the best of our knowledge, this article is unique in tackling hybrid TDOA-FDOA localization, considering the case where the unknown emission frequency changes as time goes on. Under MATLAB simulations, this article shows that the proposed hybrid localization method is comparable to the ideal case, where the time-varying emission frequency is known in advance. Furthermore, we show that the proposed localization approach outperforms the case where the emission frequency is estimated as a wrong value.
Credit Risk Management and the Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks: Some New Evidence
Authors: Natufe Oritsegbubemi Kehinde , Evbayiro-Osagie Esther Ikavbo
Published: June 2023

This study examined credit risk management and return on equity of Nigerian deposit money banks (DMBs) twelve (12) years (2010–2021) post-adoption of the common accounting year-end as mandated by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in 2009. Our data set comprises independent variables of capital adequacy ratio (CAR), liquidity ratio (LQR), loan-to-deposit ratio (LDR), risk asset ratio (RAR), non-performing loans ratio (NPLR), loan loss provision ratio (LLP), and size (SZ). Our dependent variable is the return on equity (ROE). Using a panel data regression analysis, we found that CAR, RAR, NPLR, and SZ are the significant determinants of ROE. We also found that Nigerian DMBs now significantly rely on offshore borrowings in Eurobonds to create risk assets to overcome CBN’s constriction on using local depositors’ funds to create risk assets. Furthermore, we found that shareholders of DMBs with international banking licenses in Nigeria within the study period were not significantly more compensated for their risk exposure than investors in risk-free assets (treasury bills). Therefore, the CBN should continue strengthening its regulatory functions with regular reviews that would compel improvements of the DMBs’ credit risk management systems to mitigate the likely failure of the credit life cycle of granted loans. Additionally, a review of its current regulatory cash reserve ratio of 37.5% is imperative to reduce DMBs’ dependence on offshore funding and its associated foreign exchange risk.
Impact of Monetary Policy on Financial Inclusion in Emerging Markets
Authors: Ozili Peterson K.
Published: June 2023

The study investigates the impact of monetary policy on the level of financial inclusion in the big-five emerging market countries from 2004 to 2020. Several indicators of financial inclusion and the central bank interest rate were used in the analysis. It was found that the monetary policy rate has a mixed effect on financial inclusion, and the effect depends on the dimension of financial inclusion examined. Specifically, a high monetary policy rate has a significant negative impact on financial inclusion through a reduction in the number of depositors in commercial banks. A high monetary policy rate also has a significant positive impact on financial inclusion through greater bank branch expansion. The policy implication is that both contractionary and expansionary monetary policies lead to positive improvements in specific indicators of financial inclusion, because increase in interest rate leads to bank branch expansion which is beneficial for financial inclusion and decrease in interest rate leads to increase in the number of depositors in commercial banks which is also beneficial for financial inclusion. It was also found that the rising monetary policy rate has a negative effect on all indicators of financial inclusion in the post-financial crisis period. Overall, the effect of monetary policy on financial inclusion seem to depend on the monetary policy tool used by the monetary authority and the dimension of financial inclusion examined. The monetary authorities should pay attention to how their monetary policy choices might affect the level of financial inclusion and reduce the benefits that society gains from financial inclusion.
Pre-Processing Training Data Improves Accuracy and Generalisability of Convolutional Neural Network Based Landscape Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Clark Andrew , Phinn Stuart , Scarth Peter
Published: June 2023

Data pre-processing for developing a generalised land use and land cover (LULC) deep learning model using earth observation data is important for the classification of a different date and/or sensor. However, it is unclear how to approach deep learning segmentation problems in earth observation data. In this paper, we trialled different methods of data preparation for Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) training and semantic segmentation of LULC features within aerial photography over the Wet Tropics and Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, Australia. This was conducted by trialling and ranking various training patch selection sampling strategies, patch and batch sizes, data augmentations and scaling and inference strategies. Our results showed: a stratified random sampling approach for producing training patches counteracted class imbalances; a smaller number of larger patches (small batch size) improves model accuracy; data augmentations and scaling are imperative in creating a generalised model able to accurately classify LULC features in imagery from a different date and sensor; and producing the output classification by averaging multiple grids of patches and three rotated versions of each patch produced a more accurate and aesthetic result. Combining the findings from the trials, we fully trained five models on the 2018 training image and applied the model to the 2015 test image. The output LULC classifications achieved an average kappa of 0.84, user accuracy of 0.81, and producer accuracy of 0.87. Future research using CNNs and earth observation data should implement the findings of this project to increase LULC model accuracy and transferability.
Rural Resilience Evaluation and Influencing Factor Analysis Based on Geographical Detector Method and Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression
Authors: Wang Huimin , Xu Yihuan , Wei Xiaojian
Published: June 2023

Resilience evaluation is an important foundation for sustainable rural development. Taking the 57 counties in Guangdong province as examples, this study used the CRITIC method to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for rural resilience and identified the main influencing factors and their spatial heterogeneity on the basis of the geographical detector method and multiscale geographically weighted regression. The results showed that: (1) Most of the counties in Guangdong province had medium or higher values of comprehensive resilience, and the high-value areas were mainly located in the Pearl River Delta region. (2) The comprehensive resilience and each dimensional resilience measure exhibited significant positive spatial correlations. (3) The geographic detector results showed that the per capita gross regional product and the number of industries above the scale were the main influencing factors for rural resilience, and each influencing factor had an enhanced effect after interaction. (4) The effect of each factor on rural resilience demonstrated spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries showed negative effects in some counties in eastern and northern Guangdong and positive effects in other counties.
Tribological Properties of Cu-Based Self-Lubricating Materials Composed with Cu- or Ni-Plated Graphite
Authors: Wang Yiran , Xu Liujie , Li Xiuqing
Published: June 2023

Cu-based self-lubricating materials can effectively adapt to complex natural environments and ensure consistency in materials used for switch transitions. These materials were tested through interface reinforcement research, improving their mechanical and tribological properties and providing a theoretical basis for new switch slide baseplate materials. Results showed that the coefficient of friction and wear weight loss of Cu-based self-lubricating materials decreased with an increase in graphite content after Cu and Ni plating on the graphite surface, reaching a minimum value at a graphite content of 6 wt.%. The coefficient of friction and wear weight loss of the Ni-plated material were reduced 11.1% and 85.6%, respectively, whereas the coefficient of friction and wear weight loss of Cu-plated materials were reduced 7.2% and 78.4%, respectively. Compared to Cu plating, Ni plating substantially enhanced the friction and wear performance of Cu-based self-lubricating materials. Cu and Ni plating increased the adhesion of the materials on the pin surface and the adhesive materials’ composition was consistent with the lubricating film, which changed the grinding mechanism between the pin and the disk. Ni plating had a stronger effect on the tribological performance of Cu-based self-lubricating materials than Cu plating.
Recycled and Nickel- or Cobalt-Doped Lead Materials from Lead Acid Battery: Voltammetric and Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Rada Simona , Pintea Andrei , Opre Razvan , Unguresan Mihaela , Popa Adriana
Published: June 2023

The active mass of the plates of aspent car battery with higher wear after an efficient desulfatization can be used as sources of a new electrode. This paper proposes the recycling of spent electrodes from a lead acid battery and the incorporation of NiO or Co3O4 contents by the melt-quenching method in order to enrich the electrochemical properties. The analysis of X-ray diffractograms indicates the gradual decrease in the sulfated crystalline phases, respectively, 4PbO·PbSO4 and PbO·PbSO4 phases, until their disappearance for higher dopant concentrations. Infrared (IR) spectra show a decreasing trend in the intensity of the bands corresponding to the sulfate ions and a conversion of [PbO3] pyramidal units into [PbO4] tetrahedral units by doping with high dopant levels, yielding to the apparition of the PbO2 crystalline phase. The observed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra confirm three signals located on the gyromagnetic factor, g~2, 2.2 and 8 assigned to the nickel ions in higher oxidation states as well as the metallic nickel nanoparticles. This compositional evolution can be explained by considering a process of the drastic reduction in nickel ions from the superior oxidation states to metallic nickel. The linewidth and the intensity of the resonance lines situated at about g~2, 2.17, 4.22 and 7.8 are attributed to the Co+2 ions from the EPR data. The best reversibility of the cyclic voltammograms was highlighted for the samples with x = 10 mol% of NiO and 15 mol% of Co3O4, which are recommended as suitable in applications as new electrodes for the lead acid battery.
Effect of Fluoride Coatings on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg–Zn–Ca–Mn Alloys for Medical Application
Authors: Bita Tiberiu , Antoniac Aurora , Ciuca Ion , Miculescu Marian , Cotrut Cosmin Mihai , Paltanea Gheorghe , Dura Horatiu , Corneschi Iuliana , Antoniac Iulian , Carstoc Ioana Dana , Bodog Alin Danut
Published: June 2023

The most critical shortcoming of magnesium alloys from the point of view of medical devices is the high corrosion rate, which is not well-correlated with clinical needs. It is well- known that rapid degradation occurs when an implant made of Mg-based alloys is placed inside the human body. Consequently, the implant loses its mechanical properties and failure can occur even if it is not completely degraded. The corrosion products that appear after Mg-based alloy degradation, such as H2 and OH− can have an essential role in decreasing biocompatibility due to the H2 accumulation process in the tissues near the implant. In order to control the degradation process of the Mg-based alloys, different coatings could be applied. The aim of the current paper is to evaluate the effect of fluoride coatings on the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys from the system Mg–Zn–Ca–Mn potentially used for orthopedic trauma implants. The main functional properties required for the magnesium alloys to be used as implant materials, such as surface properties and corrosion behavior, were studied before and after surface modifications by fluoride conversion, with and without preliminary sandblasting, of two magnesium alloys from the system Mg–Zn–Ca–Mn. The experimental results showed that chemical conversion treatment with hydrofluoric acid is useful as a method of increasing corrosion resistance for the experimental magnesium alloys from the Mg–Zn–Ca–Mn system. Also, high surface free energy values obtained for the alloys treated with hydrofluoric acid correlated with wettability lead to the conclusion that there is an increased chance for biological factor adsorption and cell proliferation. Chemical conversion treatment with hydrofluoric acid is useful as a method of increasing corrosion resistance for the experimental Mg–Zn–Ca–Mn alloys.
One-Step Hybrid Bending/Diffusion Bonding Process and Analysis of the Bonding Characteristics of Titanium Alloy Sheets
Authors: Kim Kang Hyun , Park Hyeonil , Lee Dong Jun , Kwon Yong Nam , Kang Namhyun , Hong Jong-Hwa
Published: June 2023

A one-step hybrid bending/diffusion bonding process (HB/DBP) was developed for application to Ti-6Al-4V sheets to effectively improve buy-to-fly (BTF) ratio of aircraft parts, integrating sequential diffusion bonding followed by a bending process. The resulting bonding characteristics of these titanium alloy sheets were analyzed. Microstructural analysis and mechanical lap shear tests were performed to estimate the bonding quality. Additionally, bonding ratio, thickness strain, and shear strength were evaluated in relation to pressure under increasing temperature. When the applied pressure was lower than 0.5 MPa, early failure occurred at the joint of the specimens. However, when high pressure was applied, early failure occurred near the joint. To discuss the phenomenon, time-dependent viscoplastic material properties were characterized, and a numerical simulation analysis was performed. Viscoplastic deformation was observed around the bending area, which caused weakness around the bond under high-pressure conditions. A prototype of a Y-shaped heat shield was manufactured and the buy-to-fly ratio was effectively improved using the newly developed process. This study demonstrates the potential of applying the developed process for producing aircraft parts and the importance of viscoplastic behavior for the analysis of final product reliability.
A Human Error Analysis in Human–Robot Interaction Contexts: Evidence from an Empirical Study
Authors: Caterino Mario , Rinaldi Marta , Di Pasquale Valentina , Greco Alessandro , Miranda Salvatore , Macchiaroli Roberto
Published: June 2023

More than 60 years has passed since the installation of the first robot in an industrial context. Since then, industrial robotics has seen great advancements and, today, robots can collaborate with humans in executing a wide range of working activities. Nevertheless, the impact of robots on human operators has not been deeply investigated. To address this problem, we conducted an empirical study to measure the errors performed by two groups of people performing a working task through a virtual reality (VR) device. A sample of 78 engineering students participated in the experiments. The first group worked with a robot, sharing the same workplace, while the second group worked without the presence of a robot. The number of errors made by the participants was collected and analyzed. Although statistical results show that there are no significant differences between the two groups, qualitative analysis proves that the presence of the robot led to people paying more attention during the execution of the task, but to have a worse learning experience.
Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost and Low-Power Converter to Drive a Single-Phase Motor
Authors: Coutinho Hudson V. , Toledo Jose A. , Silva Leonardo A. R. , Maia Thales A. C.
Published: June 2023

This research introduces a cost-effective converter for single-phase machines, aiming to enhance efficiency and reduce energy consumption in retrofit applications. Single-phase motors commonly found in household appliances often suffer from low efficiency, resulting in wasted energy. To tackle this problem, a dedicated converter was proposed to replace the existing capacitors and improve the motor performance. This study presents a proof of concept for retrofit applications, discussing the converter design methodology and prototype evaluation. Additionally, a cost analysis comparing single-phase and three-phase motors is included. It aims to demonstrate the long-term cost savings and improved energy efficiency of the proposed converter. The findings highlight the converter’s potential as a promising solution for enhancing energy efficiency and decreasing costs in single-phase motor applications.
Tunable Iron–Cobalt Thin Films Grown by Electrodeposition
Authors: Gonçalves Sofia , Andrade Vivian , Sousa Célia T. , Araújo João P. , Belo João H. , Apolinário Arlete
Published: June 2023

Iron–cobalt (FeCo) alloys are highly desirable for their exceptional and adjustable physicochemical properties, particularly in the form of thin films. This study focuses on the growth of iron–cobalt (FeCo) alloy thin films using potentiostatic electrodeposition. The effects of applied voltage and FeCo stoichiometry on the morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of the films are investigated. The results indicate that the electrodeposition potential does not affect the overall stoichiometry or the structural and magnetic properties. However, it does impact film thickness and grain sizes. Higher applied potentials lead to thicker films with faster growth rates, as well as smoother and more homogeneous films with smaller grains. Films with different Fe:Co ratios (Fe90Co10, Fe50Co50, and Fe10Co90) are obtained, and their compositions have a direct impact on morphology, with the amount of Fe influencing film thickness, growth rates, and grain sizes. Increasing Fe content (50, 90%) leads to thicker films and smaller grains. Films with low Fe content (10%) exhibit a face-centered cubic (fcc) structural phase instead of the typical body-centered cubic (bcc) structure. All FeCo alloys display soft magnetic properties with characteristic coercivities, and the low Fe (10%) sample with the fcc structure exhibits the highest coercivity among all the samples. The nucleation and growth mechanisms are investigated using electrodeposition curves and the Scharifker and Hills model. Increasing the applied potential leads to thicker films and higher growth rates, with the nucleation mechanism identified as instantaneous nucleation in the diffusion-controlled regime.
Online Personalized Learning Path Recommendation Based on Saltatory Evolution Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Li Shugang , Chen Hui , Liu Xin , Li Jiayi , Peng Kexin , Wang Ziming
Published: June 2023

To solve the problems of slow convergence and low accuracy when the traditional ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is applied to online learning path recommendation problems, this study proposes an online personalized learning path recommendation model (OPLPRM) based on the saltatory evolution ant colony optimization (SEACO) algorithm to achieve fast, accurate, real-time interactive and high-quality learning path recommendations. Consequently, an online personalized learning path optimization model with a time window was constructed first. This model not only considers the learning order of the recommended learning resources, but also further takes the review behavior pattern of learners into consideration, which improves the quality of the learning path recommendation. Then, this study constructed a SEACO algorithm suitable for online personalized learning path recommendation, from the perspective of optimal learning path prediction, which predicts path pheromone evolution by mining historical data, injecting the domain knowledge of learning path prediction that can achieve best learning effects extracted from domain experts and reducing invalid search, thus improving the speed and accuracy of learning path optimization. A simulation experiment was carried out on the proposed online personalized learning path recommendation model by using the real leaner learning behavior data set from the British “Open University” platform. The results illustrate that the performance of the proposed online personalized learning path recommendation model, based on the SEACO algorithm for improving the optimization speed and accuracy of the learning path, is better than traditional ACO algorithm, and it can quickly and accurately recommend the most suitable learning path according to the changing needs of learners in a limited time.
New Closed Form Estimators for the Beta Distribution
Authors: Nawa Victor Mooto , Nadarajah Saralees
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we detail closed form estimators for beta distribution that are simpler than those proposed by Tamae, Irie and Kubokawa. The proposed estimators are shown to have smaller asymptotic variances and smaller asymptotic covariances compared to Tamae estimators and maximum likelihood estimators. The proposed estimators are also shown to perform better in real data applications.
The NBRULC Reliability Class: Mathematical Theory and Goodness-of-Fit Testing with Applications to Asymmetric Censored and Uncensored Data
Authors: Etman Walid B. H. , Eliwa Mohamed S. , Alqifari Hana N. , El-Morshedy Mahmoud , Al-Essa Laila A. , EL-Sagheer Rashad M.
Published: June 2023

The majority of approaches proposed in the past few decades to solve life test problems have differed markedly from those used for closely related, yet broader, issues. Due to the complexity of data that are generated each day in many practical domains, as a result of the development of scales for rating the success or failure of reliability, a new domain of reliability has been created. This domain is referred to as life classes, where specific probability distributions are presented. In this study, it is shown that the use of the quality-of-fit technique to solve problems involving life testing makes sense, and produces simpler processes that are roughly equivalent or superior to those used in traditional procedures. They may also behave better in limited samples. This work investigates a novel quality-of-fit test statistic; it is based on an exponential transform and is compared to the best renewal used Laplace test in increasing convex ordering (NBRULC). Evidence for approach normality is provided. The calculated variables include powers, Pitman asymptotic effectiveness, and critical points. Methods on how to handle censored data were also studied. Our experiments have real-world applications in the fields of medicine and engineering.
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Five Year Review
Authors: Arnaoutoglou Christos , Dampala Kalliopi , Anthoulakis Christos , Papanikolaou Evangelos G. , Tentas Ioannis , Dragoutsos Georgios , Machairiotis Nikolaos , Zarogoulidis Paul , Ioannidis Aristeidis , Matthaios Dimitris , Perdikouri Eleni I. , Giannakidis Dimitrios , Sardeli Chrysanthi , Petousis Stamatios , Oikonomou Panagoula , Nikolaou Christina , Charalampidis Charalampos , Sapalidis Konstantinos
Published: June 2023

Ovarian cancer is a malignant disease that affects thousands of patients every year. Currently, we use surgical techniques for early-stage cancer and chemotherapy treatment combinations for advanced stage cancer. Several novel therapies are currently being investigated, with gene therapy and stem cell therapy being the corner stone of this investigation. We conducted a thorough search on PubMed and gathered up-to-date information regarding epithelial ovarian cancer therapies. We present, in the current review, all novel treatments that were investigated in this field over the past five years, with a particular focus on local treatment.
Evaluation of Clinical and Oral Findings in Patients with Epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Yavuz Yasemin , An Isa , Yazmaci Betul , Akkus Zeki , Ortac Hatice
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetically inherited disease characterized by recurrent bullae and erosions on the skin with numerous signs of dental caries and poor oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to investigate the general clinical and oral findings of patients with EB. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, the clinical and oral findings and family history of 26 cases with EB were evaluated. The type of EB, gender, age, parental consanguinity, dental caries, oral findings, distribution of lesions and presence of associated anomalies, clinical and oral findings correlated with gender were recorded. Results: All 26 patients with EB had a history of consanguinity and siblings with EB to varying degrees. In our study, malnutrition, anemia and growth retardation, gastrointestinal system complications, hair thinning, hand and nail deformity, ocular problems and renal disease (in one case) were observed with variable frequencies. When the intraoral findings of the patients were investigated, extensive dental caries in all EB types, enamel hypoplasia in junctional EB (JEB) and the presence of tooth-root to be extracted in dystrophic EB (DEB), intraoral bullae and lesions, ankyloglossia, vestibular sulcus insufficiency, microstomia and maxillary atrophy were observed. Three cases had restorative treatment and one case had prosthetic rehabilitation. Conclusions: Oral involvement can be seen with varying frequencies depending on the type of EB and the severity of the disease. It may result from delayed oral and dental rehabilitation due to physical disabilities, limitations and more pressing medical problems. Microstomy, pain from mucosal lesions, and restricted access to the mouth can be caused by poor oral hygiene. Oral complications and caloric needs of individuals with EB should be determined, and individual prophylaxis should be applied to prevent caries formation and protect teeth.
Design for the Vent Holes of Gas Turbine Flow Guide Disks Based on the Shape Optimization Method
Authors: Wen Changlong , Zheng Yanbing , Mi Dong , Qian Zhengming , Zhang Hongjian
Published: June 2023

Two shape optimization methods, based on non-parametric and geometric parameters, were developed to address stress concentrations in the vent holes of gas turbine flow guide disks. The design optimization focused on reducing the maximum equivalent stress at the hole edge in an aero-engine gas turbine flow guide disk. The effectiveness of both methods in achieving this objective was studied. The results indicated that the non-parametric-based optimization method reduced the maximum equivalent stress at the hole edge by 24.5% compared to the initial design, while the geometric parameter-based optimization method achieved a reduction of 20.2%. Both shape optimization methods proved effective in reducing stress concentrations and improving fatigue life. However, the non-parametric shape optimization method resulted in a better design for the vent holes based on the study’s findings.
Engineering Heterogeneous Nucleation during Solidification of Multiphase Cast Alloys: An Overview
Authors: Lekakh Simon N. , Qing Jingjing
Published: June 2023

The theory of heterogeneous nucleation was initially developed as a part of condensed matter physics, and later it was used as an important engineering tool to design metallurgical processes. This success has led to wide applications of the theory in metallurgical practice. For example, engineering heterogeneous nucleation in ductile iron has been used to reduce shrinkage defects, suppress cementite formation, and modify the size and shape of microstructural constituencies. This demonstrates how theoretical knowledge could benefit industry practice. This overview aims to summarize the authors’ published studies in co-authorship with colleagues and students, which covers different aspects of engineering heterogeneous nucleation in multiphase cast alloys. Several approaches for engineering heterogeneous nucleation using thermodynamic simulation as well as practical methods for improving efficiency of nucleation using the co-precipitation technique and a local transient melt supersaturation are suggested. Automated scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to verify the simulation predictions. Practical examples of controlling microporosity shrinkage in cast irons with spheroidal graphite are presented to illustrate the power of engineering heterogenous nucleation.
Effect of Flow Velocity on Laminar Flow in Microfluidic Chips
Authors: Wu Chuang , Almuaalemi Haithm Yahya Mohammed , Sohan A. S. M. Muhtasim Fuad , Yin Binfeng
Published: June 2023

Gel fibers prepared based on microfluidic laminar flow technology have important research value in constructing biomimetic scaffolds and tissue engineering. The key point of microfluidic laminar flow technology is to find the appropriate fluid flow rate in the micropipe. In order to explore the influence of flow rate on the laminar flow phenomenon of a microfluidic chip, a microfluidic chip composed of an intermediate main pipe and three surrounding outer pipes are designed, and the chip is prepared by photolithography and the composite molding method. Then, a syringe pump is used to inject different fluids into the microtubing, and the data of fluid motion are obtained through fluid dynamics simulation and finite element analysis. Finally, a series of optimal adjustments are made for different fluid composition and flow rate combinations to achieve the fluid’s stable laminar flow state. It was determined that when the concentration of sodium alginate in the outer phase was 1 wt% and the concentration of CaCl2 in the inner phase was 0.1 wt%, the gel fiber prepared was in good shape, the flow rate was the most stable, and laminar flow was the most obvious when the flow rate of both was 1 mL/h. This study represents a preliminary achievement in exploring the laminar flow rate and fabricating gel fibers, thus offering significant reference value for investigating microfluidic laminar flow technology.
In Situ H-Radical Surface Treatment on Aluminum Gallium Nitride for High-Performance Aluminum Gallium Nitride/Gallium Nitride MIS-HEMTs Fabrication
Authors: Yang Yannan , Fan Rong , Zhang Penghao , Wang Luyu , Pan Maolin , Wang Qiang , Xie Xinling , Xu Saisheng , Wang Chen , Wu Chunlei , Xu Min , Jin Jian , Zhang David Wei
Published: June 2023

In this work, we demonstrated a low current collapse normally on Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT with in situ H-radical surface treatment on AlGaN. The in situ atomic pretreatment was performed in a specially designed chamber prior to the thermal ALD-Al2O3 deposition, which improved the Al2O3/AlGaN interface with Dit of ~2 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1, and thus effectively reduced the current collapse and the dynamic Ron degradation. The devices showed good electrical performance with low Vth hysteresis and peak trans-conductance of 107 mS/mm. Additionally, when the devices operated under 25 °C pulse-mode stress measurement with VDS,Q = 40 V (period of 1 ms, pulse width of 1 μs), the dynamic Ron increase of ~14.1% was achieved.
Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Three New Species of Pestalotiopsis (Sporocadaceae, Amphisphaeriales) from Hainan, China
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxue , Zhang Jie , Li Duhua , Xia Jiwen , Zhang Xiuguo
Published: June 2023

Species of Pestalotiopsis were mainly introduced as endophytes, plant pathogens or saprobes from various hosts. In this study, ten strains were isolated from Ficus macrocarpa, Phoebe zhennan and Spatholobus suberectus in China. Based on multilocus phylogenies from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1α) and the partial beta-tubulin gene (tub2), in conjunction with morphological characteristics, we describe three new species, viz., Pestalotiopsis ficicola sp. nov., P. phoebes sp. nov. and P. spatholobi sp. nov.
Conversion of Methanol to Para-Xylene over ZSM-5 Zeolites Modified by Zinc and Phosphorus
Authors: Bai Yang , Niu Xianjun , Du Yi-En , Chen Yongqiang
Published: June 2023

In this work, the influence of different phosphorus sources and the modification of zinc and phosphorus on the performance of the conversion of methanol to aromatics (MTA) was investigated. The results showed that the phosphorus source had a significant impact on the selectivity of para-xylene (PX) in xylene and catalyst stability. The introduction of P resulted in the covering of the active acid sites and the narrowing of the pore of the ZSM-5 zeolite, which improved the shape-selectivity for PX in the methanol conversion reaction. Compared with the modifiers of H3PO4 and (NH4)3PO4, the ZSM-5 zeolite modified by (NH4)2HPO4 exhibited better catalyst stability and PX-selectivity due to its larger specific surface area, pore volume and suitable acidity. When the ZSM-5 zeolite was modified by Zn and P, the effect of Zn and P on the selectivity to aromatics and PX in xylene was almost opposite. With the increase in P-loading, the selectivity of PX in xylene gradually increased but at the cost of decreasing the aromatic-selectivity. On the other hand, the loading of Zn introduced Zn-Lewis acid sites to provide aromatization active centers and improved the aromatic-selectivity. However, excessive Zn reduced the selectivity of PX in xylene. The catalyst activity and aromatic-selectivity could be improved to some extent with an appropriate ratio of Zn and P, while maintaining or increasing the para-selectivity of xylene. Compared with 5% P/ZSM-5 catalyst modified with only (NH4)2HPO4, the PX selectivity in xylene over the Zn-P/ZSM-5 catalyst modified with 5% Zn and 1% P improved from 86.6% to 90.1%, and the PX yield increased by 59%.
Enhanced Capacity Retention of Li3V2(PO4)3-Cathode-Based Lithium Metal Battery Using SiO2-Scaffold-Confined Ionic Liquid as Hybrid Solid-State Electrolyte
Authors: Peng Shihao , Luo Jiakun , Liu Wenwen , He Xiaolong , Xie Fang
Published: June 2023

Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVP) is one of the candidates for high-energy-density cathode materials matching lithium metal batteries due to its high operating voltage and theoretical capacity. However, the inevitable side reactions of LVP with a traditional liquid-state electrolyte under high voltage, as well as the uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites, worsen the cycling performance. Herein, a hybrid solid-state electrolyte is prepared by the confinement of a lithium-containing ionic liquid with a mesoporous SiO2 scaffold, and used for a LVP-cathode-based lithium metal battery. The solid-state electrolyte not only exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 3.14 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C and a wide electrochemical window of about 5 V, but also has good compatibility with the LVP cathode material. Moreover, the cell paired with a solid-state electrolyte exhibits good reversibility and can realize a stable operation at a voltage of up to 4.8 V, and the discharge capacity is well-maintained after 100 cycles, which demonstrates excellent capacity retention. As a contrast, the cell paired with a conventional liquid-state electrolyte shows only an 87.6% discharge capacity retention after 100 cycles. In addition, the effectiveness of a hybrid solid-state electrolyte in suppressing dendritic lithium is demonstrated. The work presents a possible choice for the use of a hybrid solid-state electrolyte compatible with high-performance cathode materials in lithium metal batteries.
A Compiled Update on Nutrition, Phytochemicals, Processing Effects, Analytical Testing and Health Effects of Chenopodium album: A Non-Conventional Edible Plant (NCEP)
Authors: Singh Sukhwinder , Singh Amandeep , Hallan Supandeep Singh , Brangule Agnese , Kumar Bhupinder , Bhatia Rohit
Published: June 2023

Bathua (Chenopodium album) is a rich source of extensive-ranging nutrients, including bio-active carbohydrates, flavonoids and phenolics, minerals, and vitamins that translate to countless health benefits such as anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. Ascaridole, an important phytoconstituent present in aerial parts of the plant, contributes to its anthelmintic property. Even with vast historical use and significant health benefits, its renown has not spread, and utilization has significantly decreased in recent decades. Gradually, the plant has become known under the name of Non-conventional edible plant (NCEP). This compilation is prepared to bring out the plant under the spotlight for further research by foregrounding previous studies on the plant. Scientific research databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online, were used to fetch data on C. album. This review offers over up-to-date knowledge on nutritious values, phytochemical composition, volatile compounds, as well as health benefits of C. album. The ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal uses of the plant in India and other parts of the world are deliberately discussed. Scrutinizing the reported literature on C. album reveals its powerful nutrient composition advantageous in the development of food products. The impact of various cooking and processing methods on the nutritional profile and bioavailability are discussed. The future perspectives with regards to the potential for food and nutraceutical products are critically addressed. This review proves the necessity of breakthrough research to investigate the pharmacology and safety of phytochemicals and nutraceutical development studies on the C. album.
Therapies Targeting Immune Cells in Tumor Microenvironment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ye Wei , Li Meiye , Luo Kewang
Published: June 2023

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays critical roles in immune modulation and tumor malignancies in the process of cancer development. Immune cells constitute a significant component of the TME and influence the migration and metastasis of tumor cells. Recently, a number of therapeutic approaches targeting immune cells have proven promising and have already been used to treat different types of cancer. In particular, PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors have been used in the first-line setting in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with PD-L1 expression ≥1%, as approved by the FDA. In this review, we provide an introduction to the immune cells in the TME and their efficacies, and then we discuss current immunotherapies in NSCLC and scientific research progress in this field.