bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Opt-out” or pushed out?
Authors: Lim Wee Ling , Mohd Rasdi Roziah
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the challenges faced by married women professionals in the private sector and the factors affecting their decisions in leaving the workforce.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach was used in this study. Data were obtained using a purposive sampling method in selecting ten married women professionals based on the inclusion criteria for this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the whole interview sessions were audio recorded. Thematic analysis using the constant comparative method was used in interpreting the data.

Findings

The findings of this study revealed that majority of the married women professionals leaving workforce are affected by “pushed out” factors such as workplace inflexibility, long working hours, high volume of work than “opt-out” factors, which focus on the biological and psychological “pulls” that lure women back into their traditional roles of motherhood. Most of the married women professionals interviewed had no intention to return to the workforce and had lost confidence to join back the workforce.

Research limitations/implications

This study involved married women professionals in the private sector only. As a qualitative study, it limits to voice and views of these particular subjects only and could not be generalised to other group of women.

Practical implications

The findings from this study shall enlighten all parties involved such as women professionals, HR managers and private sector organisations in strategies and plan of action towards minimising the talent drain of women professionals.

Originality/value

This paper offers new insight into debating the opt-out or pushed out factors influencing married women professionals’ decisions in leaving the workforce. It provides voice and views of women professionals who faced a predicament in making a decision about their career development.
Identifying and describing constituents of innovation ecosystems
Authors: Yaghmaie Pegah , Vanhaverbeke Wim
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Innovation ecosystems have not been defined univocally. The authors compare the different approaches to innovation ecosystems in the literature, the link with open innovation, the value creating and value capturing processes in innovation ecosystems, and the need to orchestrate them properly. In this way, the purpose of this paper is to provide a highly needed, concise overview of the state of the art in innovation ecosystem thinking.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic screening of the literature searching for publications focusing on innovation ecosystems is carried out in the paper. The authors found 30 publications and compared the different approaches to innovation ecosystems: the authors classify them according to industries, the level of analysis, their central focus on innovation ecosystems, whether frameworks are developed in the publications, the main actors, focus on SMEs or large companies, the success of innovation ecosystems and the role of the orchestrator.

Findings

The authors found different approaches to innovation ecosystems in the literature. Some papers look at the link with open innovation, and others at the value creating and value capturing processes in innovation ecosystems, the role of orchestrators, etc. The authors also provide an overview about the industries, the level of analysis, the central focus of the research, the main actors in the networks and the success factors. The authors observe that most publications have been written in Europe and apply to European ecosystems. The approach in Europe is, to some extent, also different from the main focus of leading American scholars.

Research limitations/implications

The authors compare different approaches to innovation ecosystems. This provides a highly needed understanding of the state of the art in innovation ecosystem thinking. There are some limitations as well: the paper only does a literature review, and the authors are not developing a new framework to study innovation ecosystems.

Practical implications

The literature overview is not primarily focused on practitioners, but the tables in the paper provide a quick overview of good management practices for setting up and managing innovation ecosystems.

Social implications

Innovations ecosystems are, in some cases, established to solve major societal problems such as changes in healthcare, energy systems, etc. Therefore, they require the interaction between different types of partners including universities, research institutes and governmental agencies. Studying innovation ecosystems is crucial to facilitate social or societal changes.

Originality/value

The paper presents a highly needed overview of the literature about innovation ecosystems and a concise examination of the different aspects that are studied so far.
Entrepreneurship and the cities in a knowledge-based perspective: evidences from EU
Authors: Penco Lara , Ivaldi Enrico , Bruzzi Carolina , Musso Enrico
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to answer the following research questions: Is the knowledge of a city environment a stimulus for entrepreneurship? Which knowledge profiles of cities are more propulsive in order to stimulate entrepreneurship?

Design/methodology/approach

In order to answer the aforementioned research questions, two multidimensional indexes have been created: Knowledge-Based City Developing Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship (ENT). The sample includes all capital cities in the EU28. The presence of cities from EU28 countries is important to foster the entrepreneurial attitude in each European Country. The authors have also included 32 non-capital cities in the EU that are important hubs, contributing to a sample formed of 60 cities.

Findings

The empirical results show that the social and cultural environment may significantly improve the entrepreneurship in EU cities, more than others factors that are usually connected to economic development.

Originality/value

The work tries to contribute to the debate on urban economic development and entrepreneurship, providing implication for academics and urban policy makers.
A multiscale method for producing homogenized drag laws of a permeable medium by conflating experimental data with Lattice-Boltzmann simulations
Authors: Clausse Alejandro , Silin Nicolás , Boroni Gustavo
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to obtain a permeability law of a gas flow through a permeable medium using particle image velocimetry experimental data as primal information, which is conflated with numerical calculations by means of a multi-scale method.

Design/methodology/approach

The D2Q9 single-relaxation-time Lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) implemented in GPU is used for the numerical calculations. In a first homogenized micro-scale, the drag forces are emulated by means of an effective Darcy law acting only in the close neighborhood of the solid structures. A second mesoscopic level of homogenization makes use of the effective drag forces resulting from the first-scale model.

Findings

The procedure is applied to an experiment consisting of a regular array of wires. For the first level of homogenization, an effective drag law of the individual elemental obstacles is produced by conflating particle image velocimetry measurements of the flow field around the wires and numerical calculations performed with a GPU implementation of the LBM. In the second homogenization, a Darcy–Forchheimer correlation is produced, which is used in a final homogenized LBM model.

Research limitations/implications

The numerical simulations at the first level of homogenization require a substantial amount of calculations, which in the present case were performed by means of the computational power of a GPU.

Originality/value

The homogenization procedure can be extended to other permeable structures. The micro-scale-level model retrieves the fluid-structure forces between the flow and the obstacles, which are difficult to obtain experimentally either from direct measurement or by indirect assessment from velocity measurements.
Numerical simulation of time-fractional partial differential equations arising in fluid flows via reproducing Kernel method
Authors: Abu Arqub Omar
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The subject of the fractional calculus theory has gained considerable popularity and importance due to their attractive applications in widespread fields of physics and engineering. The purpose of this paper is to present results on the numerical simulation for time-fractional partial differential equations arising in transonic multiphase flows, which are described by the Tricomi and the Keldysh equations of Robin functions types.

Design/methodology/approach

Those resulting mathematical models are solved by using the reproducing kernel method, which provide appropriate solutions in term of infinite series formula. Convergence analysis, error estimations and error bounds under some hypotheses, which provide the theoretical basis of the proposed method are also discussed.

Findings

The dynamical properties of these numerical solutions are discussed and the profiles of several representative numerical solutions are illustrated. Finally, the prospects of the gained results and the method are discussed through academic validations.

Originality/value

In this paper and for the first time: the authors presented results on the numerical simulation for classes of time-fractional PDEs such as those found in the transonic multiphase flows. The authors applied the reproducing kernel method systematically for the numerical solutions of time-fractional Tricomi and Keldysh equations subject to Robin functions types.
Quality of maternal and child health: fresh evidence from India
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Rani Ritu
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the regional variations in maternal and child health all over India. The Maternal and Child Health Index (MCHI) is constructed to find the extent of variations in maternal and child health status for the States and Union Territories (UTs) of India.

Design/methodology/approach

The Wroclow taxonomic technique was used to construct the MCHI for the States and UTs of India. In all, 29 variables were selected for the construction of MCHI. All the variables were taken from National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS, 2017) of India.

Findings

The findings suggest that there are wide variations in MCHI all over India. In India, Kerala topped in terms of MCHI followed by Jammu & Kashmir. Nagaland is on the bottom of the list followed by Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. High values of MCHI (> 0.4) are posing a serious concern for all States/UTs in India.

Social implications

The existence of inequality in MCHI for India is truly posing a serious inquiry regarding the healthcare system in India. The outcome of the study demands that time has come to adopt a human rights approach to the right to health in India. The findings of the study could be used by the health policy makers in India.

Originality/value

This study shows the existence of wide variations in the quality of maternal and child health all over India. The quantification of the quality of maternal and child health is needed to improve the health of the population in India. Little research has been done on the issue of quality of maternal and child health in India. This study is an important contribution to the current knowledge of quality of maternal and child health in India.
Financial development, openness in financial services trade and economic growth
Authors: Khatun Rabia , Bist Jagadish Prasad
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between financial development, openness in financial services trade and economic growth in BRICS countries for the period 1990–2012.

Design/methodology/approach

An index for financial development has been constructed using principal component analysis technique by including banking sector development, stock market development, bond market development and insurance sector development. For the robustness of the result, the long-run cointegrating relationship amongst the variables has been analyzed.

Findings

Overall financial development has a positive and significant impact on economic growth. To take the full advantage of openness in financial services trade, countries need to put more emphasis on the development of their stock markets, bond markets and the insurance sector. The result shows that openness in financial services trade has a positive impact on economic growth when the stock market, bond market and insurance sector are included in the system.

Research limitations/implications

The policy implication of the findings is that policymakers should focus more on developing all four areas of finance to get the full benefit of the financial system on the process of economic growth.

Originality/value

The authors have constructed the better indicators of financial development in the case of BRICS economies. Most of the studies in BRICS economies have measured the development of the financial sector as either banking sector development or stock market development. However, the present study includes all four areas of finance (banking sector development, stock market development, insurance sector development and bond market development) into account.
Safeguarding and personal budgets: the experiences of adults at risk
Authors: Aspinal Fiona , Stevens Martin , Manthorpe Jill , Woolham John , Samsi Kritika , Baxter Kate , Hussein Shereen , Ismail Mohamed
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present findings from one element of a study exploring the relationship between personalisation, in the form of personal budgets (PBs) for publicly funded social care and safeguarding.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 people receiving PBs who had recently been the focus of a safeguarding investigation. Participants were recruited from two English local authority areas and data were subject to thematic analysis.

Findings

The analysis identified three main themes: levels of information and awareness; safeguarding concerns and processes; and choice and control. Many of the participants in this small study described having experienced multiple forms of abuse or neglect concurrently or repeatedly over time.

Research limitations/implications

This was a small scale, qualitative study, taking place in two local authorities. The small number of participants may have had strong opinions which may or may not have been typical. However, the study provides some rich data on people’s experiences.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that adults receiving PBs may need information on an ongoing and repeated basis together with advice on how to identify and address poor quality care that they are arranging for themselves. Practitioners need to be aware of the influence of the level of information received and the interaction of organisational or legal requirements when responding to safeguarding concerns when care being supplied tries to reflect the benefits of choice and control.

Originality/value

This paper reports original research asking adults with care and support needs about the interaction between two key policies of safeguarding and personalisation.
The role of customer orientation in key account managers’ performance: a client network perspective
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Xue , Dong Maggie Chuoyan
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate how does key accounts managers’ (KAMs’) customer orientation affect customers’ repurchase intention and how do tie strength and structural holes in KAMs’ client networks moderate these linkages.

Design/methodology/approach

Paired data of 208 dyadic relationships between KAMs and customers in several Chinese industries are subjected to multiple linear regression analyses.

Findings

KAMs’ functional customer orientation can directly increase customers’ repurchase intention, whereas relational customer orientation cannot do that. With strong ties in client networks, KAMs’ relational customer orientation could promote customers’ repurchase intention, whereas when there are many structural holes in a client network, relational customer orientation would constrain customers’ repurchase intention. In addition, structural holes can enhance the effectiveness of functional customer orientation in facilitating customers’ repurchase intention, but tie strength has no impact on this.

Originality/value

This study pays attention to the emerging topic of KAMs’ customer orientation and introduces KAMs’ client networks as a new contextual factor. The findings not only address the outcomes of KAM’s customer orientation but also indicate the vital role client networks play in determining the effectiveness of KAMs’ customer orientation.
Conceptual blending of meanings in business marketing relationships
Authors: Lowe Sid , Kainzbauer Astrid , Ngamcharoenmongkol Piya
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the topic of embodiment as a gap in meaning-making within the literature on business relationships in IMP and business marketing academic discourse. Referring to the theories of embodiment, the authors question the dominant worldview of Cartesian dualism which marginalizes the influence of the body in meaning-making and explore relevant implications of an embodiment agenda for research and practice. The aim is to demonstrate that embodiment has a vitally important influence in the construction of meanings.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper provides a review of theoretical and empirical literature on embodied cognition and theories of embodiment to construct a cooking metaphor as an analogical vehicle for exploring meanings within business relationships.

Findings

The authors use a cooking metaphor to explore how meaning is created in human interaction. Body and mind blended together produce meaning through the catalyst of discourse and semiotics. Cognition is described as a mixture of rational and non-rational processes involving blended elements of embodied perceptions and psychological ideas stirred and heated in a semiotic “sauce” of discourse (language, communication, information, power/knowledge).

Originality/value

The contribution of the paper is in proposing that both body and mind influence the creation of meanings in business relationships blended through the mediation of language and discourse. The authors aim to advance a “practice” and “linguistic” turn in the business marketing discourse by proposing that embodied, discursive and cognitive processes are more effectively conceived as blended influences.
To bridge or buffer? A resource dependence theory of nascent entrepreneurial ecosystems
Authors: Roundy Philip T. , Bayer Mark A.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems, systems of inter-related forces that promote and sustain regional entrepreneurship, are increasingly viewed as sources of innovation, economic development and community revitalization. Regions with emerging, underdeveloped or depressed economies are attempting to develop their nascent entrepreneurial ecosystems in the hopes of experiencing the positive benefits of entrepreneurial activity. For nascent entrepreneurial ecosystems to grow requires resources. However, how nascent entrepreneurial ecosystems manage their resource dependencies and the tensions that exist between creating and attracting resources are not clear. The purpose of this paper is to propose a theory of nascent entrepreneurial ecosystem resource dependence.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper analyzes entrepreneurial ecosystems as meta-organizations and builds on resource dependence theory to explain how nascent ecosystems respond to environmental dependencies and their resource needs through internal and external strategies.

Findings

Two specific strategies used by nascent entrepreneurial ecosystems to manage resource dependence – bridging and buffer – are explored. It is proposed that there is a positive relationship between the resource dependence of a nascent entrepreneurial ecosystem and its use of bridging and buffering activities. Two ecosystem characteristics that influence the pursuit of bridging and buffering – ecosystem size and the presence of collaborative values – are also identified. In addition, it is theorized that resource dependence strategies influence a key, system-level characteristic of entrepreneurial ecosystems: resilience, the ecosystem’s ability to respond and adapt to internal and external disruptions.

Originality/value

The theory presented generates insights into how nascent entrepreneurial ecosystems create and obtain resources when ecosystems are unmunificent, resource-constrained or underdeveloped. The theorizing addresses which resource dependence strategy – buffering or bridging – has a stronger link to resource dependence (and resilience) and under what conditions these linkages occur. The theoretical model generates insights for research on entrepreneurship in emerging and developed economies and produces practical implications for ecosystem participants, policymakers and economic development organizations.
“The fact is, that Turks can’t live without coffee…” the introduction of Nescafé into Turkey (1952-1987)
Authors: Köse Yavuz
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the introduction of Nescafé, a brand of the Swiss multinational company Nestlé, into the Turkish market and examines the formative period (1952-1987) before it succeeded to become the most popular and leading coffee brand in Turkey. By that it aims to draw attention to Turkey as an interesting case in point for the study of the history of marketing practices in a non-Western context.

Design/methodology/approach

This study deploys a variety of largely unexplored material ranging from archival sources to newspaper reports and advertisements. In the first part, archival sources provided by the Nestlé archives (AHN) will be analyzed to present the company’s marketing strategy. As the amount on advertisements between 1952 and 1984 remained modest, the second part is devoted to the analysis of Turkish media reports to discuss Nescafé’s public perception.

Findings

The paper demonstrates that during the period under consideration the instable political and economic environment was pivotal for Nescafé’s marketing. Nestlé in the early years used similar strategies as in the West advertising Nescafé as a premium product for the upper middle-class. Due to import restrictions, it was a scarce and high-priced product. Nescafé succeeded to become a highly esteemed and sought-after product because it stood for Western modernity and prosperity. The study argues that it was not primarily Nestlé’s marketing that resulted in Nescafé’s considerable brand recognition but its public “visibility” through media reporting.

Research limitations/implications

This study is a preliminary attempt to investigate the history of instant coffee and its marketing in a non-Western market. The paper is mainly focused on Nescafé because it was and still is the most important brand in Turkey. Further, this paper brings into spotlight a country with distinct sociopolitical and cultural particularities which distinguish it from Western countries and allow to scrutinize how marketing practice and thought may develop in a non-Western setting. Further research is needed as Turkey's specific marketing environment is far from being thoroughly investigated.

Originality/value

By focusing on Turkey, this paper provides an insight into the specific ways Nescafé was marketed, consumed and perceived in a non-Western market. By that it allows to consider how multinational companies responded and adapted to a culturally, politically and economically challenging environment.
A supply chain model for Medicare of impoverished people with the policy of targeted poverty alleviation of China
Authors: Zhao Ketong , Sun Bingzhen
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a new method and model for constructing a new decision-making paradigm of Medicare, which can not only satisfy the needs of the sick people but also reduce the possibility of people slipping back to poverty due to diseases under the policy of Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA) of China.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses the traditional supply chain theory to analyze the Medicare of impoverished people with the policy of TPA of China and transforms it into a multi-layer supply chain optimization decision-making problem. First, a nonlinear integer programming model for poor people’s Medicare decision with opportunity constraints is constructed. To facilitate the solution of the optimal decision scheme, the abovementioned model is transformed into a linear integer programming model with opportunity constraints by using the Newsvendor model for reference. Meanwhile, the scope of the inventory model is discussed, for it can be combined with the construction of the medical insurance system better. Second, the theoretical model is applied to the practical problem. Finally, based on the results of the theoretical model applying the practical problem, we give further improvement and modification of the theoretical model applies it to the actual situation further.

Findings

This paper presents a theoretical model about determine the optimal the inventory, under the framework of traditional supply chain decision-making, for it can be combined with the construction of the medical insurance system better. The theoretical model is applied to the practical problem of the fight against poverty in XX County, China. By using the actual data and MATLAB, optimal decision scheme is obtained.

Originality/value

There are two aspects of value. On the one hand, this paper provides a new way to construct a Medicare system of impoverished people with TPA of China. On the other hand, this paper tries making a new way to handle the storage of medicines and related medical devices at basic standard clinics decision-making problems based on above mentioned Medicare system.
Social support and work engagement in police work
Authors: Wolter Christine , Santa Maria Andreas , Gusy Burkhard , Lesener Tino , Kleiber Dieter , Renneberg Babette
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Job resources are positively related to work engagement within the motivational process of the job demands–resources model (JD–R). Little is known about mediating mechanisms within that process. The purpose of this paper is to examine self-efficacy and work–privacy conflict as mediators of the relationship between social support and work engagement in a sample of police officers.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 811 German police officers completed a cross-sectional online survey that assessed social support by supervisors and co-workers, work–privacy conflict, self-efficacy and work engagement. Structural equation modeling was conducted.

Findings

Self-efficacy and work–privacy conflict partially mediated the relationship between social support and work engagement. The direct effect of social support and work engagement was confirmed, too.

Practical implications

Health promotion approaches in police work should foster social support by supervisors and co-workers. Social support eases challenges of work–life balance and self-efficacy and promotes police officers’ work engagement.

Originality/value

The findings validate the motivational process of the JD-R model in a sample of police officers. Job resources and personal resources are interrelated in the prediction of work engagement. Moreover, job resources facilitate dealing with specific job demands, which promotes work engagement, too.
On the heat stability of whey protein: Effect of sodium hexametaphosphate
Authors: Rasouli Mehrdad , Abbasi Soleiman , Azarikia Fatemeh , Ettelaie Rammile
Published: July 2019

Despite a growing demand for whey protein‐based drinks, their instability and lack of solubility during thermal processing is a major challenge for food product formulators. In the present study, the effects of different hydrocolloids and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) on the heat stability, rheological properties, microstructure and sensory characteristics of whey protein concentrate (WPC) dispersions were evaluated. The results indicated that at pH 4, xanthan, k‐carrageenan, low methoxyl pectin (LMP) and guar stabilised WPC dispersion without heat treatment, all maintained stability during pasteurisation but not sterilisation. For pH 7, for the same set of hydrocolloids, a similar trend was also observed, albeit at different concentrations. However, by adding optimum ratios of SHMP protein denaturation was retarded, particularly in the case of LMP and i‐carrageenan. The highest and lowest apparent viscosities were exhibited by samples containing 0.01% and 0.15% w/w SHMP, respectively. This study highlights the potential capability of SHMP in the prevention of protein denaturation. An exact plausible stability mechanism still needs further more detailed investigation.
Quantification of Pubic Symphysis Metamorphosis Based on the Analysis of Clinical MDCT Scans in a Contemporary Malaysian Population
Authors: Hisham Salina , Abdullah Nurliza , Mohamad Noor Mohamad Helmee , Franklin Daniel
Published: July 2019

Forensic age estimation methods are biased to sex and population; in general, accuracy is reduced when applied to foreign populations. This study assessed the accuracy of the Suchey–Brooks method in contemporary Malaysian individuals and aimed to formulate population‐specific standards. Multi‐detector computed tomography scans of 355 individuals (165 male; 190 female) of 15–83 years of age were reconstructed using 3D‐volumetric rendering in RadiAnt. Pubic symphyseal phase, bias, inaccuracy, and percentage correct age classifications are examined. Transition analysis was used to develop age estimation standards. High observer agreement (κ = 0.763–0.832) and a positive relationship between age and pubic symphyseal phase (r = 0.884–0.90) were demonstrated. Mean inaccuracies were 8.62 and 8.95 years for males and females, respectively; overall correct classification was 97.8%. Transition ages between phases in males were 18.79, 23.29, 28.85, 43.64, and 61.15 years; in females, the corresponding data were 19.77, 22.53, 32.62, 41.85, and 57.39 years.
Assessment of chosen semen characteristics of two colour morphs of the Arctic fox Alopex lagopus L.
Authors: Stasiak Karolina , Kondracki Stanisław , Iwanina Maria
Published: July 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate semen quality in the two most popular colour morphs of the Arctic fox Alopex lagopus L., blue and white, based on ejaculate parameters, acrosin activity and analysis of sperm morphology. The research material consisted of ejaculates collected once by manual stimulation from 20 one‐year‐old male Arctic foxes (10 individuals of the blue morph and 10 of the white morph). Ejaculates were evaluated in terms of volume, sperm concentration, total number of spermatozoa and the percentage of spermatozoa with major and minor defects. The study revealed that male blue Arctic foxes produce ejaculates with much higher concentration (148.75 × 106/ml) and total number of spermatozoa (98.16 × 106) compared to white Arctic foxes (42.88 × 106/ml and 35.2 × 106 respectively). The level of acrosin activity from white foxes seemed to be higher compared to blue foxes but the difference was not statistically confirmed. Semen from Arctic foxes is characterized by high inter‐individual variability in sperm morphology. The frequency of morphological changes in sperm from Arctic foxes does not significantly depend on ejaculate volume, sperm concentration or the total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, but is associated with acrosin activity.
Climatically controlled lacustrine clinoforms: Theory and modelling results
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Olariu Cornel , Steel Ronald , Kim Wonsuck
Published: July 2019

Lacustrine basins and their deposits are good paleoclimate recorders and contain rich energy resources. Shelf‐margin clinoforms do exist in deep lacustrine basins, but with striking differences from those in deep marine basins, caused by a correlation between the river‐derived sediment supply and the lake level. This study uses empirical relationships to calculate the water and sediment discharge from rivers and coeval lake level during wet–dry cycles at 10 s of ky time scale. Sediment supply and lake‐level changes are used for a stratigraphic forward model to understand how lacustrine clinoforms develop under different climate conditions. The results show that both wet and dry cycles can be associated with thick deep‐water fan deposits, supporting the existing climate‐driven lacustrine model proposed based on field data (e.g. Neogene Pannonian Basin and Eocene Uinta Basin). The wet period with high sediment supply and rising lake level creates the highly aggradational shelf, progradational slope and thick bottomset deposits. This is contrary from marine basin settings where the presence of rising shelf‐margin trajectory commonly indicates limited deep‐water fan deposits. This work suggests marine‐based stratigraphic models cannot be directly applied to lacustrine basins.
FCER2 T2206C variant associated with FENO levels in asthmatic children using inhaled corticosteroids: The PACMAN study
Authors: Karimi Leila , Vijverberg Susanne J.H. , Farzan Niloufar , Ghanbari Mohsen , Verhamme Katia M.C. , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke H.
Published: July 2019

Background

The FCER2 gene, via encoding of the CD23 receptor, plays an important role in the regulation of IgE responses. A genetic variant of the FCER2 gene (T2206C) was previously shown to be associated with IgE levels in asthmatic children. IgE sensitization has also been linked to increased levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO).

Objective

To investigate whether the FCER2 T2206C variant influences FENO levels in asthmatic children with a reported use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).

Methods

This cross‐sectional study involved 593 asthmatic children with a reported use of ICS, availability of FENO measurements and genotyping data on the FCER2 T2206C variant (rs28364072). An additive genetic model was assumed, and the association between the FCER2 T2206C variant and the log‐transformed (ln) FENO levels was evaluated using linear regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, adapted British Thoracic Society (BTS) treatment steps and atopy.

Results

The mean age of the population was 9.1 ± 2.2 years, and the median of FENO levels was 13.0 ppb with an interquartile range (IQR) of (8.0‐27.5 ppb). The minor allele (G) frequency of rs28364072 was 29.6%, and each extra copy of the G allele was significantly associated with a lower level of the geometric mean of FENO (log scale, β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.23, −0.02).

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

Our results showed that the FCER2 T2206C variant was significantly associated with lower FENO levels in carriers of the G allele. Nevertheless, this SNP contributed little to the variability in FENO levels in this patient population. Our findings contribute to the present knowledge on FENO in asthmatic children; however, future replication studies are required to establish the role of this gene in relation to FENO.
Interpreting Silent Gesture: Cognitive Biases and Rational Inference in Emerging Language Systems
Authors: Schouwstra Marieke , de Swart Henriëtte , Thompson Bill
Published: July 2019

Natural languages make prolific use of conventional constituent‐ordering patterns to indicate “who did what to whom,” yet the mechanisms through which these regularities arise are not well understood. A series of recent experiments demonstrates that, when prompted to express meanings through silent gesture, people bypass native language conventions, revealing apparent biases underpinning word order usage, based on the semantic properties of the information to be conveyed. We extend the scope of these studies by focusing, experimentally and computationally, on the interpretation of silent gesture. We show cross‐linguistic experimental evidence that people use variability in constituent order as a cue to obtain different interpretations. To illuminate the computational principles that govern interpretation of non‐conventional communication, we derive a Bayesian model of interpretation via biased inductive inference and estimate these biases from the experimental data. Our analyses suggest people's interpretations balance the ambiguity that is characteristic of emerging language systems, with ordering preferences that are skewed and asymmetric, but defeasible.
Long non‐coding RNA HCG11 modulates glioma progression through cooperating with miR‐496/CPEB3 axis
Authors: Chen Yangzong , Bao Chunchun , Zhang Xiuxing , Lin Xinshi , Huang Hongou , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: July 2019

Objectives

It has been widely reported that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can participate in multiple biological processes of human cancers. lncRNA HLA complex group 11 (HCG11) has been reported in human cancers as a tumour suppressor. This study focused on investigating the function and mechanism of HCG11 in glioma.

Materials and methods

Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set and qRT‐PCR analysis, the expression pattern of HCG11 was identified in glioma samples. The mechanism associated with HCG11 downregulation was determined by mechanism experiments. Gain‐of‐function assays were conducted for the identification of HCG11 function in glioma progression. Mechanism investigation based on the luciferase reporter assay, RIP assay and pull‐down assay was used to explore the downstream molecular mechanism of HCG11. The role of molecular pathway in the progression of glioma was analysed in accordance with the rescue assays.

Results

HCG11 was expressed at low level in glioma samples compared with normal samples. FOXP1 could bind with HCG11 and transcriptionally inactivated HCG11. Overexpression of HCG11 efficiently suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and promoted cell apoptosis. HCG11 was predominantly enriched in the cytoplasm of glioma cells and acted as a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by sponging micro‐496 to upregulate cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 3 (CPEB3). CEPB3 and miR‐496 involved in HCG11‐mediated glioma progression.

Conclusions

HCG11 inhibited glioma progression by regulating miR‐496/CPEB3 axis.
Plasma cytokine profile on admission related to aetiology in community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Burgmeijer Eduard H. , Duijkers Ruud , Lutter René , Bonten Marc J. M. , Schweitzer Valentijn A. , Boersma Wim G.
Published: July 2019

Background

Potentially unnecessary antibiotic use for community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) contributes to selection of antibiotic‐resistant pathogens. Cytokine expression at the time that treatment is started may assist in identifying patients not requiring antibiotics. We determined plasma cytokine patterns in patients retrospectively categorized as strict viral, pneumococcal or combined viral‐bacterial CAP.

Objective

To investigate whether cytokine‐based prediction models can be used to differentiate strict viral CAP from other aetiologies at admission.

Methods

From 344 hospitalized CAP patients, 104 patients were categorized as viral CAP (n = 17), pneumococcal CAP (n = 48) and combined bacterial‐viral CAP (n = 39). IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐27, IFN‐γ and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were determined on admission in plasma. Prediction of strict viral aetiology was explored with two multivariate regression models and ROC curves.

Results

Viral pneumonia was predicted by logistic regression using multiple cytokine levels (IL‐6, IL‐27 and CRP) with an AUC of 0.911 (95% CI: 0.852‐0.971, P < .001). For the same patients the AUC of CRP was 0.813 (95% CI: 0.728‐0.898, P < .001).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated differences in cytokine expression in selected CAP patients between viral and bacterial aetiology. Prospective validation studies are warranted.
Post‐transplant malignancy in solid organ transplant recipients in Ireland, The Irish Transplant Cancer Group
Authors: O'Neill James Paul , Sexton Donal J. , O'Leary Eamonn , O'Kelly Patrick , Murray Susan , Deady Sandra , Daly Fergus , Williams Yvonne , Dean Ben , Fitzgerald Conall , Murad Aizuri , Mansoor Nazish , O'Neill Jim O. , Egan Jim , Houlihan Diarmaid D. , McCormick P. Aiden , Morris Patrick G. , Ni Raghallaigh Siona , Little Dilly , Moloney Fergal J. , Conlon Peter J.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of cancer compared to the general population. To date, this risk in Ireland has not been investigated. We conducted a national registry study of cancer incidence following solid organ transplantation.

Methods

National centers for solid organ transplantation supplied their respective registry databases to cross‐reference with episodes of malignancy from the National Cancer Registry Ireland (NCRI) between 1994 and 2014. Standardized incidence of cancer post‐transplant was compared to the general population by means of standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and between solid organ transplant types by incidence rate ratios.

Results

A total of 3346 solid organ transplant recipients were included in this study. Kidney transplant recipients constituted the majority of participants (71.2%), followed by liver (16.8%), heart (6.4%), and lung (5.6%) transplants. The most common cancers within the composite of all transplant recipients included the following (SIR [95% CI]): squamous and basal cell carcinoma (20.05 [17.97, 22.31] and 7.16 [6.43, 7.96], respectively), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (6.23 [4.26, 8.59]), and renal cell carcinoma (3.36 [1.96, 5.38]).

Conclusions

This study reports the incidence of cancer following solid organ transplantation in Ireland. These results have significant national policy implications for surveillance, and early diagnosis in this patient group.
Infants attribute false beliefs to a toy crane
Authors: Burnside Kimberly , Severdija Vivianne , Poulin‐Dubois Diane
Published: July 2019

The mentalistic view of early theory of mind posits that infants possess a robust and sophisticated understanding of false belief that is masked by the demands of traditional explicit tasks. Much of the evidence supporting this mentalistic view comes from infants’ looking time at events that violate their expectations about the beliefs of a human agent. We conducted a replication of the violation‐of‐expectation procedure, except that the human agent was replaced by an inanimate agent. Infants watched a toy crane repeatedly move toward a box containing an object. In the absence of the crane, the object changed location. When the crane returned, 16‐month‐old infants looked longer when it turned toward the object's new location, consistent with the attribution of a false belief to the crane. These results suggest that infants spontaneously attribute false beliefs to inanimate agents. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/qqEPPhd9FDo
Fighting for Votes: Theory and Evidence on the Causes of Electoral Violence
Authors: Sterck Olivier
Published: July 2019

I develop a theory of pre‐electoral violence, in which parties resort to violent tactics if political competition is tight and violent supporters are numerous, and if polarization between violent supporters is high. The importance of these conditions varies with the type of violence (clashes, intimidation or murders). I test the model using data on the 2010 elections in Burundi. In line with the model, electoral violence before the election was more likely in municipalities characterized by both close political competition and high density of demobilized combatants. Violence was also more likely where polarization between demobilized combatants was high.
Early risk and protective factors and young adult outcomes in a longitudinal sample of young people with a history of psychotic‐like experiences
Authors: Coughlan Helen , Healy Colm , Ní Sheaghdha Áine , Murray Gareth , Humphries Niamh , Clarke Mary , Cannon Mary
Published: July 2019

Aim

Psychotic‐like experiences (PEs) have been associated with childhood adversity and psychopathology. However, few studies have examined the dynamic interplay between risk and protective factors and later life outcomes in people with PEs. This study aimed to explore and compare patterns of early adverse and protective experiences and young adult outcomes in a sample of young people with a history of PEs.

Method

Longitudinal qualitative data spanning nine years were collected from a general population sample of seventeen young adults who had reported PEs in early adolescence. A qualitative comparative case study design was used to explore patterns of early life experiences and young adult outcomes.

Results

Four archetypal profiles of early life experiences and later outcomes were identified. Qualitative differences between types of early adverse experiences and the quality of attachment relationships were dominant discriminating factors between low‐risk and at‐risk archetypes for poor young adult outcomes. Experiences of multiple adversities, which included childhood trauma and occurred in the absence of secure attachment relationships was associated with the poorest young adult outcomes. The presence of secure attachment relationships was protective, even among individuals who had experienced adversity.

Conclusions

Not all young people who report PEs have high levels of adversity. Those who experience multiple early adversities, childhood trauma and insecure attachment relationships are at highest risk for reoccurring PEs and poor young adult outcomes. Developing trusted attachment relationships and engaging in corrective experiences may be protective and could promote positive outcomes in youth with PEs.
Treatments for chronic pruritus outside of the box
Authors: Metz Martin
Published: July 2019

Patients with chronic pruritus are in desperate need of novel treatment options, as current therapeutic possibilities are often not effective, have a poor level of evidence and are mostly off‐label. In recent years, much effort has been put into the identification of potential targets for the treatment of chronic pruritus. More importantly, a number of promising new drugs that are aimed at treating pruritus in different conditions are currently in advanced stages of clinical trials. Here, current pharmacological developments leading to potential new drugs for the treatment of chronic pruritus within various conditions are summarized. Hopefully, these new approaches will result in effective and safe therapies for our patients with chronic pruritus associated with dermatological or non‐dermatological diseases in the near future.
Added value? Denaturalizing the “good” of urban greening
Authors: Angelo Hillary
Published: July 2019

In recent years, “urban greening” has become a new keyword in urban policy and practice, used to describe a proliferation of urban quality of life and environmental sustainability initiatives including street trees, public parks, greenways, farmers' markets, green roofs, and LEED certification in design. The emerging critical literature on urban greening has highlighted important ways green's social and economic added value affects the political economy of contemporary greening and produces inequalities in access to real or perceived environmental goods. However, such research has only infrequently asked why and under what conditions naturalized understandings of green as “good” make it possible for such initiatives to add value in the first place. As a result, it offers only partial explanations of why green has the effects it has—for instance, increasing property values—and only very rarely questions the fundamental “good” of nature itself. I argue that integrating insights on green's naturalized social and economic value from a growing body of social‐theoretical work across geography and the social sciences can complement political economic explanations for greening and provide new vantage points for critique.