bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retracted: MicroRNA‐21 promotes glioma cell proliferation and inhibits senescence and apoptosis by targeting SPRY1 via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Chai Chang , Song Lai‐Jun , Han Shuang‐Yin , Li Xi‐Qing , Li Ming
Published: January 2018

Aims

Our study aims to investigate the effect of microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) on the proliferation, senescence, and apoptosis of glioma cells by targeting SPRY1 via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Methods

Glioma tissues and brain tissues were collected for this study after surgical decompression for traumatic brain injury. RT‐qPCR was employed to measure mRNA levels of miR‐21, SPRY1, PTEN,PI3K, and AKT, and Western blotting was conducted to determine protein levels of SPRY1, PTEN,PI3K, AKT, p‐AKT, Caspase‐3, Caspase‐9, P53, GSK3, and p‐GSK3. Human glioma U87 cells were assigned into the blank, negative control (NC), miR‐21 mimics, miR‐21 inhibitors, siRNA‐SPRY1, and miR‐21 inhibitors + siRNA‐SPRY1 groups, with human HEB cells serving as the normal group. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were determined by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively.

Results

Compared with control group, an increased expression of miR‐21, PI3K, AKT, p‐AKT, P53, and p‐GSK3, and a decreased expression of SPRY1, PTEN, Caspase‐3, and Caspase‐9 were observed in the glioma group, and no significant differences were found in the expression of GSK3. SPRY1 was verified to be the target gene of miR‐21. Compared with the blank and NC groups, levels of PI3K, AKT, p‐AKT, P53, and p‐GSK3 increased while levels of SPRY1, PTEN, Caspase‐3, and Caspase‐9 decreased in the miR‐21 mimics and siRNA‐SPRY1 groups; the miR‐21 inhibitors group reversed the tendency; furthermore, the miR‐21 inhibitors group showed decreased cell proliferation but promoted apoptosis, which were opposite to the results of the miR‐21 mimics and siRNA‐SPRY1 groups.

Conclusion

MicroRNA‐21 might promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell senescence and apoptosis of human glioma cells by targeting SPRY1 via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Fingolimod‐improved axonal and myelin integrity of white matter tracts associated with multiple sclerosis‐related functional impairments
Authors: Gurevich Michael , Waknin Roy , Stone Evan , Achiron Anat
Published: January 2018

Aims

Fingolimod hydrochloride is an effective immunomodulatory drug in improving relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, data on the neuroradiologic effects on white matter (WM) have not been demonstrated. In this study, we aimed elucidating the impact of 1‐year fingolimod treatment on WM integrity in patients with RRMS.

Methods

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was applied to assess axonal and myelin integrity in specific WM tracts of patients with RRMS prior to and 1 year postfingolimod treatment (n = 30). The fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity were analyzed using tract‐based spatial statistics on specific regions of interest associated with impaired Expanded Disability Status Scale functional scores before treatment.

Results

In patients with impaired pyramidal function at baseline (average score 2.3 ± 0.2, n = 25), fingolimod induced a significant increase in FA (P = 0.002) and decrease in RD (P = 0.03) in the corticospinal tract. In patients with impaired cerebellar function at baseline (average score 2.0 ± 0.1, n = 19), significant increases in FA and decreases in RD were observed in the superior (P = 0.02, P = 0.01, respectively) and inferior (P = 0.03, P = 0.05, respectively) cerebellar peduncles.

Conclusion

The observed results suggest increased microstructural integrity and decreased demyelination of damaged WM tracts and support the possible direct mechanism of fingolimod action.
TAK‐063, a novel PDE10A inhibitor with balanced activation of direct and indirect pathways, provides a unique opportunity for the treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Suzuki Kazunori , Kimura Haruhide
Published: January 2018

The basal ganglia regulates motor, cognitive, and emotional behaviors. Dysfunction of dopamine system in this area is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia characterized by positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive deficits. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are principal output neurons of striatum in the basal ganglia. Similar to current antipsychotics with dopamine D2 receptor antagonism or partial agonism, phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors activate indirect pathway MSNs, leading to the expectation of therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychosis. PDE10A inhibitors also activate direct pathway MSNs which may be associated with cognitive functions. These pathways have competing effects on antipsychotic‐like activities and extrapyramidal symptoms in rodents. Therefore, careful consideration of activation pattern of these pathways by a PDE10A inhibitor is critical to produce potent efficacy and superior safety profiles. In this review, we outline the pharmacological profile of TAK‐063, a novel PDE10A selective inhibitor. Our study revealed that off‐rates of PDE10A inhibitors may characterize their pharmacological profiles via regulation of each MSN pathway. TAK‐063, with a faster off‐rate property, could provide a unique opportunity as a novel therapeutic approach to treatment of psychosis and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. TAK‐063 also has a therapeutic potential in other basal ganglia disorders.
A dynamic fuzzy‐based dance mechanism for the bee colony optimization algorithm
Authors: Choong Shin Siang , Wong Li‐Pei , Lim Chee Peng
Published: January 2018

The bee colony optimization (BCO) algorithm with a linear dance function (denoted as the BCO‐Linear algorithm) is inspired by the bees' foraging behaviors, in which waggle dances are modeled as a communication medium among bees. Through these informative waggle dances, more bees are recruited toward exploring more profitable search regions. In the BCO‐Linear algorithm, a fitter bee is allowed to dance longer, and the dance duration is determined by a linear function with a scaling parameter that requires manual tuning. This article presents a dynamic fuzzy‐based dance mechanism, ie, the BCO‐Fuzzy algorithm, to solve the manual tuning problem. A fuzzy‐based approach is applied to regulate the duration of waggle dances instead of regulating the dance duration using a linear function. The proposed BCO‐Fuzzy algorithm comprises parameters that are dynamically controlled based on the feedback of the search process, therefore overcoming the limitation of manual parameter tuning of the BCO‐Linear algorithm. The BCO‐Fuzzy algorithm is evaluated comprehensively using a set of benchmark traveling salesman problems. The experimental results show that the performance of the BCO‐Fuzzy algorithm is comparable with that of the BCO‐Linear algorithm. Specifically, the dynamic fuzzy‐based dance mechanism improves the BCO algorithm in terms of rewarding dance instances near the inflection point. Performance comparison with other nature‐inspired algorithms proves the effectiveness of the proposed BCO‐Fuzzy algorithm.
Serum but not exhaled breath condensate periostin level is increased in competitive athletes
Authors: Kurowski Marcin , Jurczyk Janusz , Jarzębska Marzanna , Wardzyńska Aleksandra , Krysztofiak Hubert , Kowalski Marek L.
Published: January 2018

Introduction

Periostin is a matricellular protein expressed by many tissues. Its release may be enhanced, among others, through mechanical stimulation of muscles and bones as well as by cytokines of allergic inflammation.

Objectives

Our aim was to assess periostin levels in serum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of professional athletes, asthmatics and healthy controls. We also sought to determine whether acute treadmill exercise influences serum and EBC periostin.

Methods

Study groups included 9 competitive swimmers, 10 mild‐to‐moderate asthmatics and 7 healthy controls. Athletes were assessed twice (in‐ and off‐training period) while asthmatics and controls in one time‐point. Data on demographics, allergy symptoms and exercise load were acquired through Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes (AQUA) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Serum and EBC were collected before and after treadmill exercise challenge.

Results

Baseline serum periostin in swimmers during training period was significantly higher (5‐ to 7‐fold) than in asthmatics (P = .01) and controls (P < .05). In EBC, lowest periostin levels were seen in athletes in‐training as compared with off‐training period (P < .01) and with asthmatics (P < .03). Acute bout of exercise did not induce significant changes neither in serum nor in EBC periostin in any group.

Conclusion

Increased serum, but not EBC, periostin levels in competitive athletes are probably because of permanently increased exercise load leading to stimulation, injury and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. Periostin may be considered marker of long‐term exercise overload after confirmation in larger groups.
Pilot project: Physiologic responses to a high‐intensity active video game with COPD patients–Tools for home rehabilitation
Authors: Parent Andrée‐Anne , Gosselin‐Boucher Vincent , Houle‐Peloquin Marilyn , Poirier Claude , Comtois Alain‐Steve
Published: January 2018

Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory condition that causes a significant deterioration of the quality of life. However, exercise can improve the quality of life for COPD patients and it is for this reason previous study observed the effects of active video games to increase exercise. Using motion capture devices with short bursts of exercise never been tried with COPD patients.

Objectives

The objective was to observe the feasibility of using this device safely and easily with COPD patients.

Methods

A total of 14 participants (8 men, 69 ± 6 years, 6 women, 74 ± 6 years), with a moderate to severe COPD diagnosis performed exercise games (Shape‐Up, Ubisoft, Mtl) adapted under supervision. Gaming sessions of 10‐15 min duration were composed of four games of about 1.5 min separated by rest.

Results

Average and peak minute ventilation, and METs peak were, respectively: Stunt Run game (lifting knees on spot) 25.3 ± 6.8, 33.5 ± 8.2 L/min and 4.2 ± 1.5 METs; Arctic Punch game (punching targets): 23.1 ± 5.6, 31.8 ± 9.8 L/min and 3.7 ± 1.2 METs; To the Core game (core twist), 22.2 ± 7.3, 29.2 ± 9.9 L/min and 3.3 ± 1.1 METs; and Squat me to the Moon game (sitting to standing), 27.8 ± 6.7, 36.8 ± 11.1 L/min and 4.4 ± 1.1 METs.

Conclusion

Knowing the pleasure reported by the participants, the safety, and the ability to use it with assistance, it seems that the games could be a good tool in order for COPD patients to exercise at home. However, further investigation needs to be completed in order to observe the benefits in comparison to a traditional training program.
Coffee Landscapes: Specialty Coffee, Terroir, and Traceability in Costa Rica
Authors: Smith Julia
Published: January 2018

Coffee with the right traits can command impressive prices in the specialty coffee market. While much of the attention to terroir—the taste of place—in coffee has focused on region, the details of place matter too. For farmers, paying attention to the details of coffee landscapes is important to create the distinctive flavors prized in these markets. This article explores how farmers in the Tarrazú coffee region of Costa Rica use systems of traceability based on details of the landscape and the coffee that grows in it to create coffee that “tastes of something.” Instead of seeing traceability and terroir as different kinds of production with different logic, these farmers see traceability as a key piece of terroir‐based high‐value production.
Mechanisms of kinetochore‐microtubule attachment errors in mammalian oocytes
Authors: Kitajima Tomoya S.
Published: January 2018

Proper kinetochore‐microtubule attachment is essential for correct chromosome segregation. Therefore, cells normally possess multiple mechanisms for the prevention of errors in kinetochore‐microtubule attachments and for selective stabilization of correct attachments. However, the oocyte, a cell that produces an egg through meiosis, exhibits a high frequency of errors in kinetochore‐microtubule attachments. These attachment errors predispose oocytes to chromosome segregation errors, resulting in aneuploidy in eggs. This review aims to provide possible explanations for the error‐prone nature of oocytes by examining key differences among other cell types in the mechanisms for the establishment of kinetochore‐microtubule attachments.
Effect of prandial treatment timing adjustment, based on continuous glucose monitoring, in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with once‐daily basal insulin: A randomized, phase IV study
Authors: Ilany Jacob , Bhandari Hamad , Nabriski Dan , Toledano Yoel , Konvalina Noa , Cohen Ohad
Published: January 2018

Aims

To evaluate the glycaemic control achieved by prandial once‐daily insulin glulisine injection timing adjustment, based on a continuous glucose monitoring sensor, in comparison to once‐daily insulin glulisine injection before breakfast in patients with type 2 diabetes who are uncontrolled with once‐daily basal insulin glargine.

Materials and Methods

This was a 24‐week open‐label, randomized, controlled, multicentre trial. At the end of an 8‐week period of basal insulin optimization, patients with HbA1c ≥ 7.5% and FPG < 130 mg/dL were randomized (1:1) to either arm A (no sensor) or arm B (sensor) to receive 16‐week intensified prandial glulisine treatment. Patients in arm A received pre‐breakfast glulisine, and patients in arm B received glulisine before the meal with the highest glucose elevation based on sensor data. The primary outcome was mean HbA1c at week 24 and secondary outcomes included rates of hypoglycaemic events and insulin dosage.

Results

A total of 121 patients were randomized to arm A (n = 61) or arm B (n = 60). There was no difference in mean HbA1c at week 24 between arms A and B (8.5% ± 1.2% vs 8.4% ± 1.0%; P = .66). The prandial insulin glulisine dosage for arm A and arm B was 9.3 and 10.1 units, respectively (P = .39). The frequency of hypoglycaemic events did not differ between study arms (36.1% vs 51.7%; P = .08).

Conclusion

Using a CGM sensor to identify the meal with the highest glucose excursion and adjusting the timing of prandial insulin treatment did not show any advantage in terms of glycaemic control or safety in our patients.
Intramyocardial dissecting hematoma: Two case reports and a meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: Leitman Marina , Tyomkin Vladimir , Sternik Leonid , Copel Laurian , Goitein Orly , Vered Zvi
Published: January 2018

Until recently, diagnosis of intramyocardial dissecting hematoma (IDH) was performed during necropsy or at surgery. During the recent years, echocardiography has permitted clinical suspicion, which usually needed confirmation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we tried to define clinical and imaging features of IDH and predictors of mortality. We searched the literature for proven cases of IDH and analyzed them together with 2 of our cases. A total of 40 cases of IDH (2 our original and 38 literature cases) were included. Mean age was 60. In 32 cases, IDH was a complication of myocardial infarction (MI), in 66% anterior, a mean time from symptoms to diagnosis was 9 days. Thirty‐eight % underwent surgery. In‐hospital mortality was 23%. Multivariate analysis showed that the strongest independent predictor of mortality (42%) was EF < 35%; in patients with age >60, mortality risk was 44%; and in the presence of MI or late diagnosis (>24 hours since symptoms started), mortality risk was 50%. In summary, IDH is a diagnostic challenge. A high level of suspicion is needed for prompt diagnosis. Management of these patients is based on individual clinical and imaging parameters. Low EF, age > 60, and late diagnosis, all are predictors of in‐hospital mortality.
Coordination of bilateral tooth replacement in the juvenile gecko is continuous with in ovo patterning
Authors: Grieco Theresa M. , Richman Joy M.
Published: January 2018

We performed a test of how function impacts a genetically programmed process that continues into postnatal life. Using the dentition of the polyphyodont gecko as our model, tooth shedding was recorded longitudinally across the jaw. We compared two time periods: one in which teeth were patterned symmetrically in ovo and a later period when teeth were initiated post‐hatching. By pairing shedding events on the right and left sides, we found the patterns of tooth loss are symmetrical and stable between periods, with only subtle deviations. Contralateral tooth positions shed within 3–4 days of each other in most animals (7/10). A minority of animals (3/10) had systematic tooth position shifts between right and left sides, likely due to changes in functional tooth number. Our results suggest that in addition to reproducible organogenesis of individual teeth, there is also a neotenic retention of jaw‐wide dental patterning in reptiles. Finer analysis of regional asymmetries revealed changes to which contralateral position shed first, affecting up to one quarter of the jaw (10 tooth positions). Once established, these patterns were retained longitudinally. Taken together, the data support regional and global mechanisms of coordinating tooth cycling post‐hatching.
Monetary aggregates for Ireland, 1840–1921
Authors: Kenny Seán , Lennard Jason
Published: January 2018

This article constructs new monetary aggregates for Ireland between 1840 and 1921. Three major findings are gleaned from the data. First, we find that the degree of monetization on the eve of the Famine was comparatively high. Second, we find an unprecedented monetary contraction during the Famine. Third, in contrast to previous research, we find that the failure of the Munster Bank in 1885 had ramifications for confidence in, and the stability of, the banking system.
Late marriage as a contributor to the industrial revolution in England
Authors: Foreman‐Peck James , Zhou Peng
Published: January 2018

Was the European marriage pattern an important contributor to England's precocious economic development? This article examines this question by embedding the possibility in a historically substantiated demographic‐economic model, supported by both cross‐section and long time series evidence. Persistent high mortality and powerful mortality shocks in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries lowered life expectations. Subsequently increased life expectancy reduced the number of births necessary to achieve a given family size. Fewer births were achieved by a higher age at first marriage of females. Later marriage not only constrained population growth but also provided greater opportunities for female informal learning, especially through ‘service’. In a period when the family was the principal institution for socializing future workers, such learning was a significant contributor to the intergenerational transmission and accumulation of human capital. This article shows how, over the centuries, the gradual induced rise of human capital raised productivity and eventually brought about the industrial revolution. Without the contribution of late marriage to human capital accumulation broadly interpreted, real wages in England would not have increased strongly in the early nineteenth century and would have been much lower than actually achieved for several centuries.
C4 photosynthesis evolved in warm climates but promoted migration to cooler ones
Authors: Watcharamongkol Teera , Christin Pascal‐Antoine , Osborne Colin P.
Published: January 2018

C4 photosynthesis is considered an adaptation to warm climates, where its functional benefits are greatest and C4 plants achieve their highest diversity and dominance. However, whether inherent physiological barriers impede the persistence of C4 species in cool environments remains debated. Here, we use large grass phylogenetic and geographical distribution data sets to test whether (1) temperature influences the rate of C4 origins, (2) photosynthetic types affect the rate of migration among climatic zones, and (3) C4 evolution changes the breadth of the temperature niche. Our analyses show that C4 photosynthesis in grasses originated in tropical climates, and that C3 grasses were more likely to colonise cold climates. However, migration rates among tropical and temperate climates were higher in C4 grasses. Therefore, while the origins of C4 photosynthesis were concentrated in tropical climates, its physiological benefits across a broad temperature range expanded the niche into warmer climates and enabled diversification into cooler environments.
Developmental HRM, employee well‐being and performance: The moderating role of developing leadership
Authors: Marescaux Elise , De Winne Sophie , Forrier Anneleen
Published: January 2018

Answering the call for more insights in the relationship between human resource management (HRM), employee well‐being and performance, this study examines the link between developmental human resource (HR) practices and employee task performance, and includes both happiness (i.e., affective organizational commitment) and health related (i.e., exhaustion) well‐being as mediators. Based on social exchange theory and cognitive dissonance theory, we also explore the line manager's developing leadership behaviour as a moderator in the relationship between developmental HRM and well‐being. The multi‐source data from 403 employees and 53 line managers show that distinct developmental HR practices influence well‐being and employee performance differently, and suggest that the developing leadership behaviour of line managers influences the way in which developmental HR practices affect employees. Overall, the results underline the need for a configurational perspective on HRM, well‐being and employee performance, taking line managers’ behaviour into account as an essential element of the HRM system, next to formal HR practices.
Factors affecting sequential sex allocation in the parasitoid wasp Gryon japonicum
Authors: Todoroki Yusuke , Numata Hideharu
Published: January 2018

Female wasps of the solitary egg parasitoid Gryon japonicum (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) allocate male and female offspring in a particular sequence to successive hosts. Male eggs are typically laid in the second host, and the sex allocation sequence is reset after a certain period of time. The present study aimed to examine the underlying mechanism to hold information and reset the sequence by using eggs of Riptortus pedestris (Heteroptera: Alydidae) as hosts. After completion of initial oviposition, a female wasp was treated by cold anesthesia for 1 h, exposure to a parasitized host for 3 h, or being kept at 15°C in darkness for 24 h, and then presented with three host eggs. Cold‐anesthetized females did not reset the sex allocation sequence, indicating that cold anesthesia did not block the mechanism of holding information about oviposition order. Frequent encounters with parasitized hosts were also insufficient to reset the sequence. However, being kept in cool, dark conditions significantly affected resetting, suggesting that low temperature lengthened the time required to reset the sequence. This implies that it is probable that the mechanism to hold information and reset sex allocation sequence in G. japonicum involves metabolism.
Strong coupling between slow oscillations and wide fast ripples in children with epileptic spasms: Investigation of modulation index and occurrence rate
Authors: Iimura Yasushi , Jones Kevin , Takada Lynne , Shimizu Itsuki , Koyama Misaki , Hattori Kyoko , Okazawa Yushi , Nonoda Yutaka , Asano Eishi , Akiyama Tomoyuki , Go Cristina , Ochi Ayako , Snead O. Carter , Donner Elizabeth J. , Rutka James T. , Drake James M. , Otsubo Hiroshi
Published: January 2018

Objective

Epileptic spasms (ES) often become drug‐resistant. To reveal the electrophysiological difference between children withES(ES+) and withoutES(ES−), we compared the occurrence rate (OR) of high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) and the modulation index (MI) of coupling between slow and fast oscillations.

InES+, we hypothesized that (1) pathologicalHFOs are more widely distributed and (2) slow oscillations show stronger coupling with pathologicalHFOs than inES−.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 24 children with drug‐resistant multilobar onset epilepsy, who underwent intracranial video electroencephalography prior to multilobar resections. We measured theORofHFOs and determined the electrodes with a high rate ofHFOs by cluster analysis. We calculatedMI, which reflects the degree of coupling betweenHFO(ripple/fast ripple [FR]) amplitude and 5 different frequency bands of delta and theta activities (0.5‐1 Hz, 1‐2 Hz, 2‐3 Hz, 3‐4 Hz, 4‐8 Hz).

Results

InES+ (n = 10), theOR(FRs), the number of electrodes with high‐rateFRs, and theMI(FRs & 3‐4 Hz)in all electrodes were significantly higher than inES− (n = 14). In both theES+ andES− groups,MI(ripples/FRs & 3‐4 Hz)was the highest among the 5 frequency bands. Within the good seizure outcome group, theOR(FRs)and theMI(FRs & 3‐4 Hz)in the resected area inES+ were significantly higher than inES− (OR[FRs],P= .04;MI[FRs & 3‐4 Hz],P= .04).

Significance

InES+, the larger number of high‐rateFRelectrodes indicates more widespread epileptogenicity than inES−. High values ofOR(FRs)andMI(FRs & 3‐4 Hz)inES+ compared toES− are a signature of the severity of epileptogenicity. We proved thatES+ children who achieved seizure freedom following multilobar resections exhibited strong coupling between slow oscillations andFRs.
Perioperative pain management in horses
Authors: McFadzean W. J. M. , Love E. J.
Published: January 2018

The inability to talk does not diminish an animal's ability to experience pain, although it may hinder its recognition and therefore lead to the under‐treatment of pain. Pain assessment and treatment in horses has advanced considerably with the recent publication of numerous research papers in this area. This review will summarise these research findings and suggest how advances in knowledge of perioperative pain management can be implemented in equine clinical practice.
Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems
Authors: Malecki Edward J.
Published: January 2018

This paper reviews the literature, concepts, and operationalizations of the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Despite some interest at the national level, entrepreneurship is understood to take place in localities or, at most, regions, drawing on local resources, institutions, and networks. Bibliometric evidence shows that usage of the term entrepreneurial ecosystem has overtaken other concepts, such as environments for entrepreneurship, which also highlight the mechanisms, institutions, networks, and cultures that support entrepreneurs. This review addresses several specific topics: the choice of scale, universities as ecosystem hubs, and how such ecosystems evolve. This is followed by suggestions toward an agenda for future research, placing particular attention on methodologies.
The postfeminist ideology at work: Endorsing gender essentialism and denying feminine devaluation in the case of design work
Authors: Ronen Shelly
Published: January 2018

Feminist scholars define ‘postfeminism’ as a set of ideas that both endorse and disavow feminism. Recent work documents postfeminism in interviews of women talking about experiences with gender inequality at work. The present study extends existing theorizations by showing how postfeminism obfuscates ongoing inequality at work. To do this I specify postfeminism in the terms of two mechanisms by which work becomes gender typed: gender essentialization and feminine devaluation. By relating the literature on postfeminism to sociological research on the persistence of gender typing of work, I show how ‘postfeminist ideology’ amounts to a double entanglement with gender typed work. In other words, postfeminist ideology drives distinct stances towards gender essentialization and feminine devaluation. I draw on 40 interviews with product designers in the United States to show this presents empirically. Designers essentialize differences between men and women designers, even mobilizing difference to claim greater inclusion of women designers, who are thought to empathize best with women consumers. Yet when essentialization is accompanied by feminine devaluation, designers deny it and it goes unrecognized. Because of this, the postfeminist ideology celebrates essentialized gendered differences, but insists on overlooking devaluation, which is a key element of ongoing gender inequality.
Comparative analysis of the Hom family of outer membrane proteins in isolates from two geographically distinct regions: The United States and South Korea
Authors: Servetas Stephanie L. , Kim Aeryun , Su Hanfu , Cha Jeong‐Heon , Merrell D. Scott
Published: January 2018

Background

Helicobacter pylori encodes numerous outer membrane proteins (OMPs), but only a few have been characterized in depth. Deletion, duplication, and allelic variation of many of the H. pylori OMPs have been reported, which suggests that these proteins may play key roles in host adaptation. Herein, we characterize the variation observed within the Hom family of OMPs in H. pylori obtained from two geographically distinct populations.

Materials and Methods

PCR genotyping of the hom genes was carried out using clinical isolates from South Korea and the United States. A combination of statistical, phylogenetic, and protein modeling analyses was conducted to further characterize the hom variants.

Results

Variations in the closely related hom genes, homA and homB, occur in regions that are predicted to encode environmentally exposed loops. A similar phenomenon is true for homCS as compared to homCL. Conversely, little variation was observed in homD. Certain variants of the Hom family of proteins were more prominent in isolates from the Korean population as compared to isolates from the United States.

Conclusion

En masse, our data show that the homA, homB, and homC profiles vary based upon the geographic origin of the strain; however, the fourth member of the hom family, homD, is more highly conserved. Additionally, protein topology modeling showed that many of the less well‐conserved regions between homA and homB and between homCS and homCL corresponded to predicted environmentally exposed loops, suggesting that the divergence of the Hom family may be due to host adaptation/pressure.
Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of Burkholderia pseudomallei lesions in an acute model of infection with BALB/c mice
Authors: García‐Jiménez Waldo Luis , Salguero Francisco J. , D'Elia Riccardo V.
Published: January 2018

Organ tissue damage is a key contributor to host morbidity and mortality following infection with microbial agents. Severe immune responses, excessive cellular recruitment and necrosis of cells all play a role in disease pathology. Understanding the pathogenesis of disease can aid in identifying potential new therapeutic targets or simply act as a diagnostic tool. Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram‐negative bacterium that can cause acute and chronic diseases. The BALB/c mouse has been shown to be highly susceptible to aerosol challenge with B. pseudomallei and hence acts as a good model to study the acute and potentially lethal form of the disease melioidosis. In our study, BALB/c mice were challenged and culled at predetermined time points to generate a pathological time course of infection. Lung, liver and spleen were subjected to pathological and immunohistochemical analysis. The number and type of microscopic lesions within each organ, as well as the location and the mean percentage of neutrophils, B cells, T cells and Burkholderia capsule antigen within the lesions, were all characterized during the time course. Neutrophils were determined as the key player in tissue pathology and generation of lesions, with B cells playing an insignificant role. This detailed pathological assessment increases our understanding of B. pseudomallei disease.
Comparison among the physical properties of calcium phosphate‐based bone substitutes of natural or synthetic origin
Authors: Maté Sánchez de Val José , Mazón Patricia , Piattelli Adriano , Calvo‐Guirado José , Mareque Bueno Javier , Granero Marín José , De Aza Piedad
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of variations of the physical properties in the integration process of biomaterials. The biomaterials examined included two commercial grafting materials: bovine bone substitute material (Hypro‐oss®, BioImplon GMbH, Gieben, Germany) and porcine bone substitute material (Osteobiol®, Tecnoss, Torino, Italy); and synthetic tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (HA). Materials were first characterized, microstructure, composition of the graft, quantitative analyses, and X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDX) was determined. The microstructure of the both synthetic materials is very similar and different in comparison with organic‐derived materials. The four materials under study have a similar porosity divided between intra and interparticles porosity. Higher density was measured for the synthetized materials. The HA porcine has the lower due to the content of collagen in the material. All the materials have high porosity and high crystallinity; except Porcine, having a lower crystallinity due to the presence of collagen mixed with HA. Pore size was very similar for all the studied materials.
High‐performance infrared emissivity of micro‐arc oxidation coatings formed on titanium alloy for aerospace applications
Authors: Tang Hui , Tao Wei , Wang Hong , Song Yuanqiang , Jian Xian , Yin Liangjun , Wang Xin , Scarpa Fabrizio
Published: January 2018

Aerospace vehicles are subjected to high temperatures because of surrounding aerodynamic drag and the formation of large temperature gradients across the external structural parts of their airframe. To protect the vehicles, high‐infrared emissivity coatings that can radiate a large amount of heat into outer space are in demand. In this work, we describe the development and characterization of high emissivity ceramic coatings formed on a TC4 alloy surface by micro‐arc oxidation. We evaluate, in particular, the influence of NiSO4 concentration on current‐time response, the thickness, surface roughness, morphologies, bonding strength, and emissivity of these coatings. The results indicate that by increasing the NiSO4 concentration in electrolytes, the thickness and surface roughness of the coatings increase. The bonding strength becomes smaller with increasing concentration of NiSO4, but is still maintains a value higher 30 MPa. The coatings possess good thermal shock resistance after being subjected to severe thermal shocks for 50 cycles, and no peeling of the coating is observed. A higher concentration of NiSO4 in electrolytes also leads to an increasing percentage of the nickel components in the coating to form a NiO phase, which enhances the emissivity of the coatings in the wavelength range of 3‐8 μm.
Clinico‐etiologic profile of hand dermatitis and patch response of patients at a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria: results of a prospective observational study
Authors: Otrofanowei Erere , Ayanlowo Olusola O. , Akinkugbe Ayesha , Oresanya Felix A.
Published: January 2018

Background

Hand dermatitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the skin of the hands from a multifactorial cause which may be endogenous, exogenous, or a combination of both. With a wide range in severity and recurrent periods of flares, it has significant impact on the quality of life of its sufferers. A history of atopy predisposes patients to hand dermatitis, but contact dermatitis, either allergic or irritant, is the more commonly implicated factor in the etiology of hand dermatitis. Patch testing is an important tool in identifying the allergen responsible for allergic hand dermatitis, and this knowledge will contribute to improved management.

Aim and Objectives

This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and etiologic profile and review the patch responses of patients who presented with hand dermatitis at a foremost tertiary skin clinic in the most populous state of the most populous country in Africa.

Methods

A prospective, observational study in which consecutive walk‐in patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Ethical clearance was obtained. Study tools included self‐administered questionnaires, physical examination, and patch tests (European Hermal series), amongst others. The patch tests were carried out. Results were documented, and treatment was individualized based on clinical and investigation findings. The results were collated and analyzed with SPSS® 17.0 edition (SPSS II).

Results

Hand dermatitis was seen in 177 (13.3%) patients who presented during the study period. The mean age was 34.6 + 17.4 years. Almost two‐thirds of patients (119; 67.2%) had chronic hand dermatitis, while 53 (32.8%) presented acutely. Patch responses were positive in 65 (36.7%) patients with paraphenylenediamine identified as the most frequent cause. Respondents had at least one (+) response to 20 of the 28 allergens, while there was no response to eight of the allergens in the European series.

Conclusion

The study reveals that hand dermatitis is present in a younger age group and a variety of subtypes coexist. Locally sourced allergens are needed to improve the yield of patch responses.
The early repigmentation pattern of vitiligo is related to the source of melanocytes and by the choice of therapy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Ke , Xiong Xixi , Pallavi Gorkhali , Ling Yuting , Ding Fei , Duan Weiwei , Sun Weiling , Ding Gaozhong , Gong Qingli , Zhu Wenyuan , Lu Yan
Published: January 2018

Background

Patients with vitiligo present with different repigmentation patterns in the early recovery stage.

Objectives

To analyze the relationships between early repigmentation patterns in vitiliginous patches, their clinical characteristics, and therapeutic choices.

Methods

Patients with vitiligo seen in the Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2010 to 2015, were included, and their clinical records, especially photographs and medical treatments, were reviewed.

Results

One hundred and sixteen patients were included in this study, and 326 lesions with different degrees of depigmentation, locations, stages, distributions, therapies, and repigmentation patterns were included and analyzed. Perifollicular repigmentation occurred more frequently in lesions with complete depigmentation (P = 0.005), in non‐sun exposed areas (P < 0.001), a stable stage (P = 0.008), and lesions treated with narrow band ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) (P < 0.001, despite lesion distributions). Marginal repigmentation is more frequent in lesions with complete depigmentation (P = 0.016), lesions treated without NB‐UVB (P = 0.002), and facial lesions treated with topical vitamin D analogs (TVDAs) monotherapy (P = 0.022). Diffuse repigmentation is the predominant pattern in lesions with incomplete depigmentation (P < 0.001), in sun‐exposed areas (P < 0.001), progressive stage (P = 0.044), and truncal lesions treated with TVDAs (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The different repigmentation patterns of vitiligo lesions depend on the different source and status of melanocytes and their abilities to produce melanin on the choice of therapy.
Ethical responsibilities of pharmacists when selling complementary medicines: a systematic review
Authors: Salman Popattia Amber , Winch Sarah , La Caze Adam
Published: January 2018

Objective

The widespread sale of complementary medicines in community pharmacy raises important questions regarding the responsibilities of pharmacists when selling complementary medicines. This study reviews the academic literature that explores a pharmacist’s responsibilities when selling complementary medicines.

Methods

International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Embase, PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO and Philosopher’s index databases were searched for articles written in English and published between 1995 and 2017. Empirical studies discussing pharmacists’ practices or perceptions, consumers’ expectations and normative studies discussing ethical perspectives or proposing ethical frameworks related to pharmacists’ responsibilities in selling complementary medicines were included in the review.

Key findings

Fifty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies discussing the responsibilities of pharmacists selling complementary medicines had an empirical focus. Pharmacists and consumers identified counselling and ensuring safe use of complementary medicines as the primary responsibilities of pharmacists. No formal ethical framework is explicitly employed to describe the responsibilities of pharmacists selling complementary medicines. To the degree any ethical framework is employed, a number of papers implicitly rely on principlism. The studies discussing the ethical perspectives of selling complementary medicines mainly describe the ethical conflict between a pharmacist’s business and health professional role. No attempt is made to provide guidance on appropriate ways to resolve the conflict.

Conclusion

There is a lack of explicit normative advice in the existing literature regarding the responsibilities of pharmacists selling complementary medicines. This review identifies the need to develop a detailed practice-specific ethical framework to guide pharmacists regarding their responsibilities when selling complementary medicines.
Bibliometric analysis of literature in pharmacy education: 2000–2016
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M , Al-Jabi Samah W , Zyoud Sa’ed H , Sawalha Ansam F
Published: January 2018

Objectives

Improving pharmacy education requires continuous research to optimize education and consequently pharmacy practice. The goal of this study is to assess national and international contributions to pharmacy education research and present results in comparative bibliometric format.

Methods

Search strategy based on journal name and specific keywords pertaining to pharmacy education were used to retrieve the worldwide literature in pharmacy education using Scopus database during the period from 2000 to 2016. Bibliometric indicators were presented as top 10 list of countries, institutions and authors. VOSviewer was used to visualize international collaboration, while ArcMap10.1 software was used for geographical mapping of publications.

Key findings

A total of 5363 documents, mostly as research articles (4027; 75.1%), were retrieved. A noticeable increase in publications was seen from 2007 to 2011. The USA contributed to more than half (53.6%) of worldwide research output. Saudi Arabia had the highest percentage of international authors representing international collaboration. There was an increase in multi-authored publications with time. The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (AJPE) ranked first (2822, 52.6%) while the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) had the largest research output with 141 (2.6%) publications. The vast majority of highly cited articles were published in AJPE, and highly cited topics included the use of social media in pharmacy education and the multi-professional learning experience.

Conclusion

Pharmacy education research is gaining momentum and is addressing various fields in education. Research in pharmacy education should be encouraged, particularly in developing countries, where education and practice are still lagging behind.
An underutilised resource for Antimicrobial Stewardship: a ‘snapshot’ of the community pharmacists’ role in delayed or ‘wait and see’ antibiotic prescribing
Authors: Avent Minyon L , Fejzic Jasmina , van Driel Mieke L
Published: January 2018

Objectives

Various strategies have been implemented in primary care to address the inappropriate use of antibiotics, with varying degrees of success. One such intervention is delayed or ‘wait and see’ prescribing, where the prescriber indicates to wait a few days before dispensing the antibiotic. The aim of this study was to explore community pharmacists’ perceptions and practice experiences with delayed antibiotic prescribing.

Methods

An online survey was advertised in two professional pharmacy organisations’ e-newsletters for community and internship pharmacists in Queensland, Australia, from January to April 2016.

Key findings

We received 120 responses. 103 (86%) worked in a community pharmacy. Sixty per cent of the respondents would not dispense the delayed antibiotic prescription if a patient presented to the pharmacy within 24 h of seeing a doctor. Instead, they would advise the patient to wait and fill the prescription if they are not improving.

Conclusion

The concept of delayed or a ‘wait and see’ antibiotic prescription was well received by the participating community pharmacists. These healthcare professionals are well placed to be effective stewards of antibiotics and can play an important role in collaboration with other healthcare professionals to optimise the quality use of antibiotics in primary care.
Explaining differing perceptions of employees’ skill needs: the case of garment workers in Ethiopia
Authors: Yamada Shoko , Otchia Christian S. , Taniguchi Kyoko
Published: January 2018

The Ethiopian economy has grown significantly and the government has prioritized industrial skills development and expanded technical and vocational education and training (TVET). However, mismatches between the skills available and the skills required are widespread and the unemployment rate for TVET graduates is high. Little scholarly effort has been made to empirically identify the exact types and domains of skills in which these supply–demand mismatches happen. The present study relies on interviews with 30 vocational trainers, 19 employees, 13 factory managers and 3 garment industry experts. To measure the perception gaps between the supply and demand sides of worker skills and explain why mismatches occur, we conducted an assessment in which assessors from among the factory managers and vocational trainers along with the three industry experts concurrently graded the garment‐manufacturing vocational skills of the same workers. For this purpose, we developed a unique instrument that captures the knowledge and skills of workers in real work environments. The analysis reveals that TVET trainers expect students to have comprehensive skills and grade the skills of workers more generously, whereas factory managers expect not variety but quality, and score workers’ performance more critically. Differences in the educational backgrounds and practical experience of assessors contribute to these gaps. The evidence from this study suggests that the vocational skills assessment instrument we have developed for our research is valid and can serve as a basis for future large‐scale performance assessments.