bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Keefektifan Organisasi Karang Taruna di Tengah Wabah Covid-19 Melalui Pemahaman Kecerdasan Emosi
Authors: Muhamad Lindiawatie , Shahreza Dhona
Published: November 2020

The existence of youth organizations in the midst of the Covid-19 outbreak is urgently needed to partner with the government and related agencies as volunteers and spearheads in dealing social problems that arise due to the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak. However, the fact is that the credibility of the organization is looked down upon by the public. Based on that fact, this community service is carried out, namely to increase the effectiveness of the organization in the midst of the Covid-19 outbreak through understanding emotional intelligence. Method of delivery by counseling and interactive discussions through online media. The result achieved is that the presentation of emotional intelligence create awareness in member and committee organization to take action but does not understand the technical in the field. Thus understanding of emotional intelligence is basically able to encourage organizational effectiveness with the motivation to act.
Genomic and antigenic properties of Newcastle Disease virus genotypes 2.XX1 and 2.VII from Egypt do not point to antigenic drift as a driving force of spread
Authors: Naguib Mahmoud , Höper Dirk , El-Kady Magdy , Afify Manal , Erfan Ahmed , Abozeid Hassanein , Hassan Wafaa , Arafa Abdel-Satar A. , shahein Momtaz , Beer Martin , Harder Timm , Grund Christian
Published: November 2020

Newcastle disease (ND), caused by avian orthoavulavirus type-1 (NDV), is
endemic in poultry in the Middle East causing continuing outbreaks in
poultry populations despite efforts to vaccinate. In the past, genotype
2.XXI (former 2.VI) was present in poultry in Egypt but has been
replaced by genotype 2.VII. We investigated whether virus evolution
contributed to superseding, and focused on the antigenic sites within
the Heamagglutinin-Neuramindase (HN) spike protein. Full length
sequences of a NDV genotype 2.VII isolate currently circulating in Egypt
was compared to a genotype 2.XXI isolate that was present as
co-infection with vaccine type viruses (2.II) in an historical isolate
of the year 2011. Amino acid differences in the HN glycoprotein for both
2.XXI and 2.VII viruses amounted to 11,7% and 11,9 % compared to
LaSota vaccine type. However, mutations within the globular head (aa
126-570), bearing relevant antigenic sites, were underrepresented (aa
divergence of 8,8% and 8,1 % compared to 22,4% and 25,6% within the
fragment encompassing cytoplasmic tail, transmembrane part and stalk
regions (aa 1-125) for genotypes 2.XXI and 2.VII, respectively.
Nevertheless, reaction patterns of HN-specific monoclonal antibodies
revealed differences between vaccine type viruses and genotype 2.XXI and
2.VII viruses for specific epitopes. Accordingly, compared to Egyptian
vaccine type isolates and the LaSota vaccine reference strain, single aa
substitutions in 6 of 10 described neutralizing epitopes were found
within the attachment protein. However, the same alterations in
neutralization sensitive epitopes were present in old genotype 2.XXI as
well as in newly emerged genotype 2.VII isolates. In addition, isolates
were indistinguishable by polyclonal chicken sera raised against
different genotypes including vaccine viruses. These findings suggest,
that factors other than antigenic differences within the HN-protein
account for facilitating spread of genotype 2.VII while displacing
genotype 2.XXI viruses in Egypt.
Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN) associated with endometriosis: report of five cases and literature review.
Authors: Puchar Anne , Pellevoizin Raphael , Bontoux Christophe , Depoilly Thomas , BENDIFALLAH Sofiane , Kolanska Kamila , Kermarrec Edith , Darai Emile
Published: November 2020

Appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (AMN) is defined as a distended,
mucous-filled appendix. It is a rare condition seen in only 8% of cases
of appendiceal tumors. Appendiceal mucocele associated with
endometriosis is extremely rare with only 16 cases described in the
literature to date. In view of the scarcity of the finding, few data are
available on preoperative assessment of AMN in women with endometriosis.
The goal of the present study was to describe the imaging features that
could be suggestive of AMN in the context of endometriosis, as well as
the specific management and outcomes.
Surgical Ablation Supplemented by Ethanol Injection for Ventricular Tachycardia Refractory to Percutaneous ablation
Authors: Yang Gang , Shao Yongfeng , Gu Weidong , Ni Buqing , YANG Bing , Zhang Fengxiang , Ju Weizhu , CHEN Hongwu , Gu Kai , Li Mingfang , CHEN yu , Sun Haoliang , kin tam_tsz_ , Wu Yanhu , Chen Minglong
Published: November 2020

Background: Combination of endocardial and epicardial approach has
improved the overall success rate of ventricular tachycardia (VT)
ablation in patients with cardiomyopathy. However, the origins of some
VTs are truly intramural or close to coronary arteries, which make this
combined strategy either prone to failure or too risky. Objectives: This
observational study aimed to explore the feasibility and efficacy of
direct epicardial ablation combined with intramural ethanol injection
via surgical approach for such VTs. Methods: Six consecutive patients
with recurrent sustained VT refractory to combined endocardial and
epicardial radiofrequency ablation were included. Direct epicardial
access was achieved through limited left thoracotomy in 3 patients and
median sternotomy in other 3 patients. Ablation was performed using
irrigation catheter guided by electroanatomic mapping. Ethanol was
injected in all patients to reinforce transmural lesions. The primary
outcome was freedom of sustained VT determined by device interrogation
and periodical 24h-holter recordings subsequently. Results: Over a
median follow-up of 22 months (range, 6~65), all
patients remained free of sustained VT. One patient died of pulmonary
infection one year after the procedure. Conclusions: A hybrid strategy
of surgical ablation combined with intramural ethanol injection is
feasible and effective in patients with multiple failed percutaneous
ablation attempts.
Analyzing the Welfare-Improving Potential of Land Pooling in Thimphu City, Bhutan: Lessons Learned from ADB’s Experience
Authors: Bacani Eleanor , Mehta Shinjini
Published: November 2020

This paper examines empirically and spatially how welfare gains are realized in a land pooling scheme in four ADB-financed Local Area Plans (LAPs) in Thimphu city, Bhutan. Increased government efforts are required to take advantage of the full range of benefits of land pooling for Thimpu residents. The paper recommends a mix of fiscal and urban policy levers to address inefficiencies associated with the existing build-out pattern and infrastructure service quality. It offers insights on how unplanned development occurring outside serviced LAP areas, including along steep slopes and peri-urban areas in Thimphu thromdes, can be addressed most effectively. This paper is the second in a series of three working papers on the topic of land pooling produced by the Asian Development Bank’s South Asia Urban Development and Water Division. The series takes a deeper look at aspects including land pooling’s effectiveness, welfare-improving potential, relationship with safeguard policies, and its prospects as a land management tool in developing country cities.
The Role of Periodicals for Development of Ukrainian-Polish Relations in Prykarpattia
Authors:   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Matviienkiv Svitlana
Published: November 2020

In Ukraine, media of national minorities support the principles of civil society, tolerance and social stability. Therefore, the analysis of activity of media of national minorities, especially Polish minority in Prykarpattia, is the task of this article. A key method of the research is the comparative critical analysis of the activities of public organizations and private media of Polish minority in the Pre-Carpathian region. The author argues that registered periodicals and radios of Polish national minority in the Pre-Carpathian region develop the cultural and ethnical identity of this minority. Polish-speaking and bilingual newspapers and magazines of Pre-Carpathian region are important factors, which help to preserve and publicly express identity, reveal the uniqueness of traditions, and the degree of assimilation. Permanent publishing of government-approved periodicals of Polish national minority develops the feeling of equality and gives the opportunity for its representatives to realize cultural demands. In general, we can say that media of national minorities raise awareness of society, promoting national reconciliation, mutual understanding between people, and development of society.
Creativity in Science
Authors: Łukasiewicz Jan
Published: November 2020

Jan Łukasiewicz's article "Creativity in Science" is translated into Ukrainian for the first time.
Truth and Concept, or What a Concept in Philosophy of Henri Bergson Is, and What It Is Not. Afterword to the Ukrainian Translation of the Henri Bergson’s Letter to Richard Kroner
Authors: Bartusiak Pavlo
Published: November 2020

The Letter to Richard Kroner was written by Henri Bergson in the end of November 1910. It is translated into Ukrainian for the first time. In the letter, Bergson sheds a bright light on tiny and usually invisible but very important details of his doctrine about truth and concepts, in particular creating new concepts.
PENENTUAN KLASIFIKASI BEBAN KERJA BARU BERDASARKAN PREDIKSI KADAR OKSIGEN DALAM DARAH DENGAN MEMPERTIMBANGKAN DENYUT JANTUNG, TEMPERATUR TUBUH DAN KONSUMSI OKSIGEN PADA PEKERJA JASA KULI ANGKUT
Authors: Puspita Hermita Dyah , Puspawardhani Gianti
Published: November 2020

Aktifitas pengangkutan barang merupakan kegiatan yang tidak bisa dilepaskan dari sistem pemindahan barang di pasar tradisional dan dapat mempengaruhi beban kerja fisik operator/kuli angkut. Beban kerja fisik operator/kuli angkut di pasar dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor diantaranya yaitu :berat dari benda/bahan yang dipindahkan, posisi pembebanan dengan mengacu pada titik berat tubuh, frekuensi pemindahan dan durasi total waktu dalam proses pemindahan bahan. Dalam praktiknya, beban kerja fisik pekerja yang berat ditambah dengan postur tubuh yang monoton menimbulkan kinerja yang rendah dan dapat mengakibatkan penyakit akibat kerja (PAK). Kinerja faal tubuh dan kenyamanan pekerja pada manual material handling (MMH) sudah terbukti sangat menunjang tingkat produktivitas pekerja. Proses metabolisme yang terjadi dalam tubuh manusia sebagai penghasil energi pada saat melakukan kerja fisik merupakan phase yang penting. Panas dan energi yang dihasilkan dari proses metabolisme dibutuhkan pada saat kerja fisik (mekanis) melalui system otot manusia. Energi dalam fisiologi kerja dapat diukur secara langsung dengan mengukur konsumsi oksigen yang dihirup oleh tubuh. Pengukuran energi yang dikeluarkan pada saat kerja fisik dapat diukur dengan cara lain yaitu dengan membandingkan konsumsi oksigen dengan laju detak jantung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan persamaan prediksi kadar oksigen dalam darah dengan mempertimbangkan tiga variabel independent, yaitu : persentase HRR (%CVL), konsumsi oksigen, dan temperatur tubuh pekerja. Dari hasil prediksi dibuat klasifikasi baru beban fisik kerja berdasarkan kadar oksigen dalam darah.
Structural description of sea turtle fibropapilloma
Authors: Melo Luana , Velasco Isabel , Aquino Julia , Rodrigues Rosangela , Lopes Edris , Rici Rose
Published: November 2020

Fibropapillomatosis is a neoplastic disease that affects sea turtles. It is characterized by multiple papillomas, fibropapillomas and cutaneous and/or visceral fibromas. Although its etiology has not been fully elucidated, it is known that there is a strong involvement of an alpha - herpesvirus, but the influence of other factors such as parasites, genetics, chemical carcinogens, contaminants, immunosuppression and ultraviolet radiation may be important in the disease, being pointed out as one of the main causes of a reduction in the green turtle population. Thus, the objective of this article was to describe the morphology of cutaneous fibropapillomas found in specimens of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), using light and scanning electron microscopy in order to contribute to the mechanism of tumor formation. Microscopically, it presented hyperplastic stromal proliferation and epidermal proliferation with hyperkeratosis. The bulky mass was coated with keratin, with some keratinocyte invaginations, that allowed the keratin to infiltrate from the epidermis into the dermis, forming large keratinized circular spirals. Another fact that we observed was the influence of the inflammation of the tumors caused by ectoparasites.
Metastatic osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a captive scarlet macaw (Ara macao)
Authors: Moreira Larissa , Carvalho Thaynara , Oliveira Ayisa , Santos Daniel , Paula Nayara , Tinoco Herlandes , Coelho Carlyle , Santos Renato
Published: November 2020

Osteosarcoma is a malignant primary tumor of the bone, which is considered rare in birds. This report describes an osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a scarlet macaw (Ara macao), which was apathetic with progressive weight loss, and had a tumor in the distal portion of the femur and proximal tibiotarsus with ulcerated pododermatitis in the contralateral limb. Euthanasia was elected due to poor diagnosis after radiographic and cytological examination. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed and confirmed the diagnosis of an osteoblastic osteosarcoma with hepatic and pulmonary metastases.
Enablers for Allied Health Front-line Managers in Public Health Environments to Deliver Sustainable Patient Care
Authors: Turato Gemma Anne , Oprescu Florin
Published: November 2020

Background: Many allied health managers do not feel equipped to face the challenges of evolving business environments such as public hospitals The increasing demand on public hospitals due to chronicity of disease, an aging population and rising health costs will require managers to be resourceful, adaptable, influential and innovative The research on this topic is scarce with a lack of robust studies specific to allied health front-line managers working in public healthcare settings.
Objectives: The review of the literature aims to identify enablers for front-line allied health managers to be more effective and better prepared for working in complex and challenging healthcare environments such as public hospitals.
Method: Literature searches were performed using Scopus, PubMed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest and Google Scholar databases for articles published between January 2000 and November 2019. Hand searching of reference lists of included papers also occurred. The included articles were studies containing cohorts of allied health professionals working in any healthcare setting that directly related to the study of management and/or leadership.
Results: The literature findings on this topic were scarce, however review of the 22 studies that met the criteria identified nine potential enablers for allied health front-line managers. These included incorporating effective leadership styles, leadership attributes and characteristics for working in health, allied health structure, representation of allied health in contexts of influence, associations/network and organisational support, evidence-based and tailored allied health programs, measurable and robust feedback on performance and succession planning for the future.
Conclusion: By identifying potential enablers, key strategies, resources and supports could be developed for allied health front-line managers working in complex settings such as public hospitals, which ultimately lead to improvements in patient safety, quality and experience.
Implications for Practice: More research with front-line allied health managers in practice is required to explore and validate the identified enablers. Once validated, further studies to determine the strategies, resources, influences and supports that could be developed to support enacting them would be important. Providing the necessary enablers to allied health front-line managers would equip them to manage the increasing challenges facing public healthcare organisations that are required to be more sustainable while delivering quality care to patients.
Komunikasi Politik Daring: Studi Perbincangan Politik Di Twitter Pada Masa Kampanye Pemilihan Presiden Indonesia 2019
Authors: Budiarsa, MGMC Yohanes Thianika , Riski Wahyu Nova
Published: November 2020

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari bagaimana polarisasi politik terjadi secara daring. Pengumpulan dan analisis data Twitter dalam studi ini dilakukan melalui social network analysis berbasis komputer. Dua kata kunci yang dipilih untuk pengumpulan data adalah #2019GantiPresiden dan #2019TetapJokowi. Hasil analisis data menemukan adanya polarisasi politik secara daring berdasarkan topik dan figur politik yang terlibat. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa perbincangan politik secara daring yang melibatkan kata kunci #2019GantiPresiden secara konsisten menunjukkan polarisasi politik. Di sisi lain, perbincangan dengan kata kunci #2019TetapJokowi secara konsisten terfragmentasi.
Behaviors and Causal Explanations of Road-Tunnel Users During a Fire
Authors: Kouabenan Dongo Rémi , Calatan Mihaela , Gandit Marc , Caroly Sandrine
Published: November 2020

The present study was aimed at describing the behaviors of tunnel users in the event of a road-tunnel fire,and to determine the effect of stress on these behaviors. Another aim was to identify the causal explanationsoffered by tunnel users for fires and for non-evacuation behaviors after a fire alarm is given. Several fire scenarioswere presented to 217 participants, who were asked to predict their likely behavior in the situations described,and to give explanations for the fire's occurrence. The participants' perceived stress level was also measured usinga subscale taken from the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS; Lovibond, & Lovibond, 1995). The resultsshowed that the participants tended to adopt more risky behaviors in situations where traffic was moving freelythan in congested traffic. The users' perceived stress led them to adopt unsafe behaviors, but contrary to Hennessyand Wiesenthal's (1997) results, this relationship was stronger in free-flowing traffic than in a traffic jam. Someof the participants demonstrated a certain behavioral rigidity, tending to adopt identical behaviors regardless ofthe traffic situation. The behaviors stated for a given situation seem to be consistent, but they were not alwayssafety-conscious. And the more serious the fire, the more internal the explanations were. Finally, non-evacuationbehaviors were attributed mainly to internal factors that implicated the concerned individuals. Some suggestionsfor long-term preventive actions based on users' beliefs and representations are proposed
KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIKA TANAH ULTISOL AKIBAT PEMBERIAN BIOCHAR BERBAHAN BAKU SISA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Supriadi Supriadi , Harahap Fitra Sawal , Wicaksono Makruf
Published: November 2020

The physical characteristics of ultisols due to the provision of biochar made from palm oil plant residue aims to determine the effect of giving various biochar made from oil palm plant residues on the physical properties of Ultisols. The research design used completely randomized design, consisting of 5 treatments, namely K = without giving biochar, BB = oil palm stem biochar, BP = oil palm frond biochar, BT = oil palm empty bunches biochar and BK = combination of biochar ingredients. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, so that the number of experimental units became 20 units. The parameters observed included soil density, soil porosity, soil texture, soil permeability and available water. The results showed that giving biochar significantly decreased the bulk weight and significantly increased the soil porosity of Ultisols.Key words : biochar, oil palm wastes, physical properties of soil and ultisol
Epidemiological characteristics of congenital malformations in Ivanovo region
Authors: Жукова Т. П. , Седова Н.Б. , Зайцева Е.С. , Ратникова С.Ю.
Published: November 2020

Врожденные пороки развития (ВПР) вносят существенный вклад в структуру детской заболеваемости, младенческой смертности и инвалидности. Сбор данных о врожденных аномалиях проводится согласно Европейскому стандарту в соответствии с международной классификацией болезней (МКБ-10). Анализ показал, что средняя частота ВПР в регионе за период 2000-2019 г.г. составила 35,05‰. Первое место среди ВПР в Ивановской области занимают ВПР сердца (27,8%), гипоспадия (18,1%) и синдром Дауна (18,1%). Все семьи, занесенные в регистр ВПР, приглашались для медико-генетического консультирования.

Congenital malformations make a significant contribution to the structure of child morbidity, infant mortality and disability. Data collection on congenital malformations was perfomed according to the European standard in accordance with the international classification of diseases (ICD-10). It was shown that the average frequency of congenital malformations in the region for the period 2000-2019 was 35.05‰. The first place among congenital malformations in Ivanovo oblast is occupied by congenital heart disease (27,8%), hypospadias (18,1%) and down syndrome (18,1%). All families registered in the register of congenital malformations were invited for medical and genetic consulting in order to conduct periconceptive prevention and to draw up a prenatal diagnosis plan.
An integrated approach to monitoring congenital malformations in the FMBA system of Russia
Authors: Ижевский П.В. , Никишин В.В. , Бондаренко Н.Л. , Шляпугина Н.А.
Published: November 2020

Обобщен 20-летней опыт мониторинга частот рождения детей с врожденной патологией и предложен комплекс мер по сохранению репродуктивного здоровья населения получающего медицинскую помощь в учреждениях ФМБА России.

A 20-year experience of monitoring the birth rates of children with congenital pathology is summarized and a set of measures is proposed to preserve the reproductive health of the population receiving medical care in the institutions of the FMBA of Russia.
Oblygatory DNA-testing stage for improvement of neonatal screening and early diagnostics of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Одинокова О.Н. , Назаренко Л.П. , Сеитова Г.Н.
Published: November 2020

Представлен усовершенствованный алгоритм скрининга новорожденных на муковисцидоз (МВ) с включением, наряду с традиционной схемой обследования, обязательного этапа ДНК-тестирования у новорожденных с высоким риском. Внедрённый подход обеспечил эффективную раннюю и точную диагностику заболевания у новорожденных. Встречаемость МВ в Томской области составила 1 случай на 5882 новорожденных. Установлены относительные частоты отдельных мутаций гена CFTR.

We present improvement algorithm of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF), in which oblygatory DNA-testing stage among CF-high risk newborns was incorporated alongside with traditional screening design. Such approach make it possible for early and accurate diagnostics of CF among newborns. CF frequency in Tomsk region was 1 in 5882 newborns. Allelic frequencies of the CFTR gene mutation were estimated.
Clinical and diagnostic features of infantile liver failure caused by TRMU gene mutations
Authors: Семенова Н.А. , Цыганкова П.Г. , Дадали Е.Л. , Строкова Т.В. , Таран Н.Н. , Кузьмичева И.А. , Куцев С.И.
Published: November 2020

Мутации в гене TRMU, кодирующем одну из митохондриальных тРНК метилтрансфераз, были обнаружены при инфантильной гепатопатии, связанной с дефектом митохондриальной трансляции (OMIM#613070). Это заболевание является редким заболеванием с угрожающим жизни началом и во многих случаях с последующей спонтанной ремиссией. Своевременная диагностика и лечение таких больных имеют важное значение в клинической практике. В статье приводится описание пациента с печеночной недостаточностью, обусловленной мутациями в гене TRMU, и сравнение клинической картины с литературными данными.

Mutations in the TRMU gene encoding the mitochondrial tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase were found in infantile hepatopathy related to mitochondrial translation defect (OMIM# 613070). This condition is rare mitochondrial disorder with a life-threatening onset and with spontaneous remission, therefore a prompt diagnosis and treatment of these patients has importance in clinical practice. Here we describe a patient, with liver failure due to mutations in TRMU gene and compare with patients from literature.
RetroPrime: A Chemistry-Inspired and Transformer-based Method for Retrosynthesis Predictions
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Qiu Jiezhong , Li Yuquan , Chen Guangyong , Liu Huanxiang , Liao Ben , Hsieh Chang-Yu , Yao Xiaojun
Published: November 2020

Retrosynthesis prediction is a crucial task for organic synthesis. In this work, we propose a template-free and Transformer-based method dubbed RetroPrime, integrating chemists’ retrosynthetic strategy of (1) decomposing a molecule into synthons then (2) generating reactants by attaching leaving groups. These two steps are accomplished with versatile Transformer models, respectively. While RetroPrime performs competitively against all state-of-the art models on the standard USPTO-50K dataset, it manifests remarkable generalizability and outperforms the only published result by a non-trivial margin of 4.8% for the Top-1 accuracy on the large-scale USPTO-full dataset. It is known that outputs of Transformer-based retrosynthesis model tend to suffer from insufficient diversity and high invalidity. These problems may limit the potential of Transformer-based methods in real practice, yet no prior works address both issues simultaneously. RetroPrime is designed to tackle these challenges. Finally, we provide convincing results to support the claim that RetromPrime can more effectively generalize across chemical space.
Secondary Phosphine Oxide Functionalized Gold Clusters and their Application in Photoelectrocatalytic Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Xiao-He , Wang Rongbin , Cula Beatrice , Chen Zhe-Ning , Chen Qing-Yun , Koch Norbert , Pinna Nicola
Published: November 2020

Ligands in ligand-protected metal clusters play a crucial role, not only because of their interaction with the metal core, but also because of the functionality they provide to the cluster. Here, we report the utilization of secondary phosphine oxide (SPO), as a new family of functional ligands, for the preparation of an undecagold cluster Au11-SPO. Different from the common used phosphine ligand (i.e. triphenylphosphine, TPP), the SPOs in Au11-SPO work as electron-withdrawing anionic ligands. While coordinating to gold via the phosphorus atom, the SPO ligand keeps its O atom available to act as a nucleophile. Upon photoexcitation, the clusters are found to inject holes into p-type semiconductors (here bismuth oxide is used as a model), sensitizing the p-type semiconductor in a different way compared to the photosensitization of a n-type semiconductor. Furthermore, the Au11-SPO/Bi2O3 photocathode exhibits a much higher activity towards the hydrogenation of benzaldehyde than a TPP-protected Au 11 sensitized Bi2O3 photocathode. Control experiments and

density functional theory studies point to the crucial role of the cooperation between gold and the SPO ligands on the selectivity towards the hydrogenation of the C=O group in benzaldehyde.
Organometallic AlaM Reagents for Umpolung Peptide Diversification
Authors: Zhu Feng , Powell Wyatt , Jing Ruiheng , Walczak Maciej
Published: November 2020

Selective modification of peptides and proteins is emerging as a promising strategy to develop novel mechanistic probes and prepare compounds with translational potential. While many methods to perform direct bioconjugation rely on reactions with dehydroalanine, an alternative strategy capitalizing on polarity reversal at the β carbon in amino acids can open access to a new type of diversification reactions characterized by absolute control of regio- and stereoselectivity. Here, we report that alanine carbastannatranes AlaSn can serve as a universal synthon in various C-C and C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions demonstrated in over 50 diverse examples. These reagents are compatible with peptide and protein manipulation techniques and undergo chemoselective conjugation in minutes when promoted by Pd(0). Despite their increased nucleophilicity and propensity to transfer the alkyl group, AlaSn operate at room temperature under buffered conditions (pH 6.5-8.5). We also show that AlaSn can be easily transformed into several canonical L- and D-amino acids in arylation, acylation, and etherification reactions. Furthermore, AlaSn can partake in macrocyclizations exemplified by the synthesis of medium size cyclic peptides with various topologies (7-13 membered macrocycles). Taken together, metalated alanine AlaSn demonstrate unparalleled scope and represent a new type of umpolung reagents suitable for structure-activity relationship studies and peptide diversification.
SARS CoV-2 infection induced changes in physiological function
Authors: Subhashree Venugopal
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus, identified as the causative microbe for infectious disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus has spread to every part of the globe and created a pandemic claiming millions of lives. The infection becomes symptomatic through a cold, sore throat, fever and other symptoms. Diffuse alveolar damage with an opacity of the lobes of the lungs in elderly with associated comorbidities leads to fatal conditions. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE 2), the receptor for the spike glycoprotein of SARS CoV-2 is widely expressed on different cell surfaces facilitating viral entry and pathogenesis with multi-organ damage. In children, the chances of infection are less associated with fast recovery compared to adults—inflammatory reactions with cytokine storm trigger rapid changes in severe stages of infection that require medical intervention. The repurposing of existing antiviral drugs has improved some infected patients to recover. But at large, the entire world has come to a standstill with hampered progress due to non-availability of a vaccine for treatment for SARS CoV-2. This review focuses on the infection of different organs and the diagnosed features in the case studies with implemented treatment measures.
Poučevanje inštrumenta v času epidemije COVID-19 / Teaching musical instruments during COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Šimunovič Natalija
Published: November 2020

The purpose of our study was to examine the distance teaching of a musical instrument during the COVID-19 epidemic from the perspective of instrument/ vocal teachers in music schools. We were interested in how successfully the method of face to face learning worked with the use of ICT in distance learning. 238 teachers of primary music schools from all Slovenian regions participated in the research. In addition to the findings, the results of the survey show that during the distance learning process, contacts between teachers and parents were strengthened, student`s authonomy increased, school governing bodies and cooperation between teachers were activated. The use of new teaching methods has led to an increase in digital literacy for both teachers and students. The most common online classroom model took place via Viber video call (34,1%), was most often supplemented with instrument playing videos (76%) and formed by new learning strategies (92%). According to teachers, the advantage of such teaching is most evident in the increased learning self-regulation, however the biggest learning deficits are expected in performance, ensemble music making and tone production. From the research we can understand that the participants, despite the successful implementation of distance learning, find that it is a lower quality way of teaching the instrument. The practical value of the experience, according to teachers, is the acquisition of a proven model of alternative teaching.
Glasba kot sredstvo za spodbujanje psihofizičnega blagostanja starostnikov v domovih za starejše / Music as a means of promoting psychophysical well-being of the elderly in retirement homes
Authors: Simčič Klara , Rašl Katja , Bojadjieva Lara , Derlink Maja
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to find out in what ways music is used in homes for the elderly in Slovenia and what kind of effects it has on the psychophysical well-being of the elderly. The basis is the analysis of conversations with music therapists and occupational therapists. There are fundamental differences between different music activities, special music activities and music therapy. Some seniors are able to talk about what music means to them. Older people prefer to sing, especially folk songs or songs from their youth, as well as playing and listening to music. An important area is the use of music in people with dementia. With transitions to higher stages of dementia, it is crucial that the elderly’s responses to music is monitored by a therapist.
An Original Modification of Sample Preparation Technique of Lake Sediments for Studying of the Macro-Residues of Chironomid Larvae (Insecta: Diptera)
Authors: Enushchenko I. V.
Published: November 2020

Nonbiting midges (chironomids) comprise a globally distributed family of nematoceran flies with complete metamorphosis. They populate aquatic, semiaquatic, and, more rarely, terrestrial habitats and frequently dominate aquatic insect communities in both abundance and species richness. The larval stage is the longest life period (from several weeks to two years); the adults are ephemeral. All this makes chironomid larvae a very valuable object for investigation of ecological and paleoclimatic changes. The nearly six-year experience of work on the separation and investigation fossil remains of chironomid larvae showed that the generally accepted technique of processing samples of lake sediments has a significant drawback. The standard technique for preparation of samples from lake sediments cores for the study of remains of buried chironomid larvae (whole head capsules and mentums) includes treating the sediment with a 10 % KOH solution. After washing the treated samples on sieves, head capsules of chironomid larvae remain poorly washed from both the soil and alkali. It greatly complicates the work with detecting larva remains and their microscopy. The present article describes the original modification of the technique of chemical treatment of lake bottom sediments for the separating and investigation of the remains of non-biting midges larvae for paleoclimatic and paleoecological reconstructions. A distinctive feature of the developed method is that the precipitate is treated with an HF for 24 hours. Acid treatment of samples is carried out to remove the mineral content. It makes the sediment looser, liquid and less sticky. This significantly improves the quality of sample washing on sieves made of two-layer mill gas with a mesh size of 90-100 microns. The new method provides better washing of sediment samples, which contributes to a more complete separation of larva remains. When using the “alkaline” method, from 2–10 cm3 of wet sediment, about 50–100 (depending on the type of lake and the characteristics of sedimentation) head capsules of chironomid larvae can be selected. In the method we proposed, the standard sample volume was 0.5–2 cm3 of wet sediment. But, the content of the considered head capsules of chironomid larvae in the samples taken for analysis significantly exceeded the average achieved results due to their better washing from sediment. Proposed method is also suitable for treating sediments for palynological analysis. The inventory and the sample preparation algorithm are described and illustrated. Examples of photographic descriptions of the head capsules of larvae of some taxa of chironomids, made with a video eyepiece, are given.
SCL-90应用于中国广东省大学生的信度和效度分析
Authors: 侯 永梅 , 许 雯龄 , 张 金照 , 黎 雪琳 , 谢 妍
Published: November 2020

目的：对SCL-90应用于中国广东省大学生心理健康状况评价的信度与效度进行分析。方法：采用分层随机抽样法，选取中国广东省1174名在校本科生。使用症状自评量表(SymptomCheck-List90，SCL-90)对他们进行调查，采用Cronbach'sα系数和分半信度分析SCL-90的信度，采用集合效度和区分效度来证实其结构效度，进一步采用探索性因子分析来确定其结构效度。结果：SCL-90总量表的Cronbach'sα系数为0.957，各因子的Cronbach'sα系数为0.736~0.869，满足群组比较的要求。总量表的Spearman-Brown分半系数为0.951，各因子的Spearman-Brown分半系数为0.712～0.852。集合效度的定标成功率均为100%，区分效度的定标成功率均在93.5%以上。主成分因子分析提取了1个主成分，累积方差贡献率78.953%，代表了量表的各个领域，与量表理论结构的构思基本相符。结论：SCL-90用于中国广东省大学生心理健康状况评价的信度和效度较好。
Orthopedic treatment of the lower limbs in spastic paralysis
Authors: Mu Xiaohong , Deng Bowen , Zeng Jie , Zhang Houjun , Zhao Yi , Sun Qi , Xu Jie , Wang Le , Xu Lin
Published: November 2020

Spastic paralysis of the limb mainly results from the central lesion, in which spastic cerebral palsy is the common cause. Due to durative muscle spasm in spastic cerebral palsy, it is often accompanied by the formation of secondary musculoskeletal deformities, resulting in limb motor disability. Based on its pathogenesis, surgical treatment is currently applied: selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) or orthopedic surgery. The primary purpose of early orthopedic surgery was simply to correct limb deformities, which usually led to the recurrence of deformity as a result of the presence of spasticity. With the application of SPR, high muscle tone was successfully relieved, but limb deformity was still present postoperatively. Therefore, this study aimed to elaborate on the management of orthopedic surgery, common deformities of the lower limb, and orthopedic operative methods; discuss the relationship between SPR and orthopedic procedure for limb deformity; and focus on the indications, timing of intervention, and postoperative outcome of different surgical methods.
The progress in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy with selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR)
Authors: Sun Qi , Huang Wenling , Deng Bowen , Ren Jingpei , Zhao Yi , Mu Xiaohong , Xu Lin
Published: November 2020

Spasticity is the main disabling clinical manifestation of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) has been performed for the treatment of spastic CP in Asia for quite some time from 1990. The purpose of this review is to discuss the historical origin and development of SDR. Our goal here is to identify the current patient selection criteria for SDR and to point out indications and contraindications based on the patients with CP, age from 2 to 18 years-old, over 6000 cases, who received SDR surgery with spasticity of muscle tension more than 3 degrees in our center. We also discuss evidence-based approaches on how to evaluate postoperative patient outcomes of SDR and how complications can be avoided. Finally, we mention progress made in terms of SDR technical advances and how improvements can be made in the future. In conclusion, SDR surgery is a reliable way to improve outcomes of patients with spastic CP and can be done carefully in patients as long as stringent selection criteria are used. However, more research and technological advancements are needed to help address associated complications.
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR)
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Zhan Qijia , Wang Junlu , Mei Rong , Xiao Bo
Published: November 2020

For decades, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been used to guide selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) for the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Electromyography (EMG) interpretation methods, which are the core of IONM, have never been fully discussed and addressed, and their importance and necessity in SDR have been questioned for years. However, outcomes of CP patients who have undergone IONM-guided SDR have been favorable, and surgery-related complications are extremely minimal. In this paper, we review the history of evolving EMG interpretation methods as well as their neuroelectrophysiological basis.
Estudo do uso do eletrobisturi monopolar na hemostasia do complexo arteriovenoso ovariano de gatas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva
Authors: Voltareli Thuani Camila , Bovo Leticia Iara Guizelini , Veronez João Vitor , Pereira Leila Isono , Kemper Daniella Aparecida Godoi , Kemper Bernardo
Published: November 2020

Diferentes técnicas para hemostasia e secção do pedículo ovariano durante ovariohisterectomia (OH) são relatadas na literatura. O uso da diatermia monopolar é um método de eletrocoagulação que viabiliza a estase vascular do ovário com eficiência. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a funcionalidade hemostática do Complexo Arteriovenoso Ovariano (CAVO) de felinos, com o uso da eletrocirurgia monopolar, sob a influência do peso dos animais em relação à incisão e período cirúrgico, quando comparados ao uso da técnica convencional. Vinte gatas hígidas, com peso entre 2,1 e 3,7 kg, com idades variadas, foram submetidas à OH eletiva, onde, 10 gatas sofreram hemostasia e secção do CAVO sob uso da técnica das três pinças e 10 gatas mediante uso do eletrobisturi monopolar, de modo que o tempo cirúrgico foi quantificado sob uso de cronômetro e paquímetro era empregado na mensuração do tamanho da incisão. Analisando estatisticamente o presente experimento observou-se que o uso do eletrobisturi monopolar confere menor tempo cirúrgico total e tamanho de incisão, juntamente com boa eficácia hemostática do CAVO. No entanto, a variável peso dos animais não influenciou no tamanho da incisão e no tempo cirúrgico total.
تهديدات استخدام الإنترنت المفرط بين الشباب في ولاية الخرطوم، هل يمكن أن تساعدهم الممارسات الإسلامية؟
Authors: Mousa Ahmed Bakhet Souad
Published: November 2020

يعرف إدمان الإنترنت بأنه أي سلوك قهري مرتبط بالإنترنت، يتداخل مع حياة الفرد العادية، ويسبب ضغوطًا شديدة وتهديدات للعائلة والأصدقاء والأحباء وبيئة العمل، ويعرف بالاعتماد على الإنترنت واستخدامه بصورة مرضية قهرية مع الاضطراب في إدمانه. وفي السودان هناك العديد من مستخدمي ومقاهي الإنترنت خاصة في ولاية الخرطوم؛ ما قد يعود بالآثار السلبية على الأفراد الذين يستخدمونه بكثرة. وقد هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى اكتشاف استخدام الإنترنت المفرط بين الشباب السوداني في ولاية الخرطوم وتهديده لهم ولأسرهم. علمًا بأن الإسلام هو دين الوسطية والاعتدال على المستويين الفردي والجماعي. وينظر إلى الموارد الطبيعية للعالم، بل والحياة البشرية نفسها، على أنها أمانة من الله. وبناء على ذلك، فإن كل فرد يكون مسؤولًا عن كيفية إنفاقه لهذه الموارد. ومع ذلك، فإن الإسراف يعتبر من الأفعال المحرمة في الإسلام. كما اشتملت الدراسة على عينة مكونة من 96 من الذكور والإناث من الشباب في ولاية الخرطوم موجودين في 15 مقهى مختلفًا تم اختيارهم بشكل عشوائي. مع طرح مجموعة من الأسئلة المغلقة استخدمت كأداة لجمع المعلومات؛ حيت تكونت من 38 سؤالًا يمثل 16 منها معايير الاستخدام المفرط للإنترنت، و22 سؤالًا حول المعلومات الديموغرافية وطبيعة ومدى استخدام الإنترنت. والنتائج الرئيسة المهمة هي: 14٪ من المشاركين هم من مفرطي الاستخدام ومعظمهم في سن العشرينيات، تميل الإناث إلى أن يكن أكثر عرضة للاستخدام المفرط للإنترنت من الذكور. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة أن يتخذ جميع مستخدمي الإنترنت خطوات وقائية من أجل الحفاظ على معدل استخدام مناسب، كما يجب على الآباء والمعلمين توجيه مستخدمي الإنترنت والاستفادة من التعاليم الإسلامية.
An Intelligent Model for Text Forensics from Arabic Twitter Posts
Authors: AbuMansour Hussein Y. , Almekhlafi Fahad S.
Published: November 2020

The number of twitter users in Arab countries at a rapid pace of growth. As for the social networking platforms, they are a suitable environment for luring innocent users and commit different forms of crimes against them by cyber predators through claiming something they are not such as fake ID, age or gender targeting certain segments of the society. This have resulted in a huge number of cybercrimes including Phishing, harassment, cyber terrorism and many other forms.  In this context, a number of different research efforts in the literature are available for English but very rare for Arabic texts. This article proposes an intelligent technique for enhancing text preprocessing that impacting the accuracy and performance of the classification task. The proposed model was evaluated against recently collected dataset from Arabic twitter users using different classifiers including naïve bays and neural networks to predict age attribute.
Beautiful and Grotesque: Signifiers of Morality and Power in Okpella (Nigeria) Masking Traditions
Authors: Borgatti, Jean M.
Published: November 2020

Paired masks described as beautiful and grotesque express complementary values in several southern Nigerian art traditions. Beautiful masks represent humans, often women, and serve as metaphors for things associated with civilization and culture. Grotesque masks represent animals or men, and tend to be linked with notions of masculinity and nature. Analysis of masks falling into these categories provides us with a set of formal criteria for this imagery. Mask types that fall into this continuum are used by the Okpella, a northern Edo people living north of Benin City in southern Nigeria: a female character commemorating specific women of status and described as beautiful (osomhotse), a more ambiguous character that serves as the festival herald and messenger of the Dead Fathers described as grotesque (ulishi), and a third masquerade that combines elements of both the beautiful and grotesque is described as fascinating (efofe). Why and how these forms communicate to their Okpella audience is the focus of this paper. It is based on qualitative research on the history and meaning of these masks carried out among the Okpella (1972-1974), survey research on aesthetic preference (1979) in which 400 individuals were interviewed, and with a panel study (2003) in which 100 participants from the original sample were re-interviewed.
Key words: beautiful, grotesque, Africa, okpella, masquerade, aesthetics.
 
Resumen
Las máscaras emparejadas descritas como ‘bellas’ y ‘grotescas’ expresan valores complementarios en varias tradiciones artísticas del sur de Nigeria. Las máscaras bellas representan a los humanos, frecuentemente mujeres, y se emplean como metáforas de aspectos asociados con la civilización y la cultura. Las máscaras grotescas representan animales u hombres, y suelen vincularse con nociones de masculinidad y de naturaleza. El análisis de las máscaras que entran en estas dos categorías proporciona un conjunto de criterios formales para comprender este imaginario. El grupo étnico Edo del norte que vive al norte de Ciudad de Benín en el sur de Nigeria, los okpella, usan máscaras de este tipo. Existe un personaje femenino descrito como bello (osomhotse), un personaje más ambiguo descrito como grotesco (ulishi) y un tercero que combina elementos del bello y del grotesco y que se describe como fascinante (efofe). En este artículo nos interesamos en qué y cómo comunican estas formas con los okpella. Nuestro trabajo se apoya sobre una investigación cualitativa realizada entre los okpella (1972-1974), una encuesta sobre preferencia estética (1979) en la cual se entrevistó a 400 personas y un estudio (2003) en el cual se volvió a entrevistar a 100 personas de la muestra anterior.
Palabras clave: belleza, grotesco, África, okpella, mascarada, estética.