bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The regenerating tail of lizard transits through a tumour‐like stage represented by the regenerative blastema
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo
Published: November 2022

Review. The regenerating tail of lizard transits through a tumour‐like stage represented by the regenerative blastema. Acta Zoologica (Stockolm). Molecular studies on lizard tail regeneration indicate that the blastema stage is a tumour‐like outgrowth capable of self‐regulate to produce a new tail. Various oncogenes and tumour suppressors are expressed, and their proteins are localized in specific regions of the growing blastema. SnoRNAs are exclusively overexpressed in the tail blastema suggesting changes in ribosome translation efficiency in blastema cells, like in cancer. Blastema cells secrete high levels of hyaluronate and adopt an anaerobic metabolism (Warburg effect). These studies indicate that the lizard blastema represents a unique case among terrestrial vertebrates of physiological tumour remission. Mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts forming the blastema are turned within 1–2 months into a functional organ, the tail. In vitro studies on isolated mesenchymal cells from the regenerative blastema shows that these cells do not undergo contact inhibition but continue proliferation after confluence, and contain nestin, vimentin and K17. After 2–3 weeks they stratify into 5–7 layers forming a pellicle of loose connective tissue. Future molecular studies on genes and proteins that allow the control of growth in the lizard blastema may help to determine how lizards turn a tumour into a new organ with numerous differentiated and functional tissues, providing clues on cancer growth regulation.
Identity‐based social support predicts mental and physical health outcomes during COVID‐19
Authors: Carter Holly , Dennis Amelia , Williams Natalie , Weston Dale
Published: November 2022

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the United Kingdom implemented physical distancing measures to minimize viral transmission, which may have adversely impacted health and wellbeing. Evidence suggests that social support may be key to mitigating against adverse health impacts of such measures, particularly when such social support is identity‐based. In this longitudinal study, we examined the role of social identity and perceived social support in mental and physical health outcomes during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants completed a survey at 4 time points during the first year of the pandemic: May/June 2020 (T1; N = 443); September/October 2020 (T2; N = 235); December 2020/January 2021 (T3; N = 243); and April 2021 (T4; N = 206). Results showed that at each time point, social support was predicted by identification with multiple groups before COVID‐19, identity continuity, and identification with communities. Higher identity continuity and identification with communities both predicted greater mental and physical health at the same time point, mediated by perceived social support. Interestingly, higher identity continuity and identification with communities predicted higher social support at the same time point, which in turn predicted worse mental and physical health outcomes at the subsequent time point. Findings are discussed in relation to the context of the first year of the pandemic and the changing nature of societal restrictions across the four survey time points.
Innovations in Practice: Feasibility and provision of dialectical behavior therapy skills training for adolescents and their families
Authors: White Andrew , Dunn Natalie , Matsunaga Eric , Dimeff Linda
Published: November 2022

Background

Suicide is a leading cause of death for adolescents in the United States. Widespread implementation of evidence‐based practices for this population remains challenging due to resource shortages and system barriers. Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents (DBT‐A) has robust research support, with positive clinical outcomes when implemented with fidelity. At the same time, implementation requires individual therapy with trained clinicians, a resource which may not be available at the level required in some communities. The current study uses theoretical frameworks from adult implementations of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) where treatment was provided in a DBT Skills Training format without weekly individual therapy to examine skills training for adolescent clients with suicidal behaviors and is the first published study regarding feasibility of skills training for this population.

Methods

Adolescents and their families were offered DBT Skills Training while on the waitlist for DBT‐A. Of the 125 families referred, 48 chose DBT Skills Training and 77 opted to wait for DBT‐A, creating a natural quasi‐experimental design useful in exploring differences between DBT‐Skills Training and DBT‐A.

Results

There were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline. Rates of treatment completion were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

Results from the current study demonstrate similar rates of treatment drop‐out and treatment completion between DBT Skills Training and DBT‐A, suggesting DBT Skills Training without individual therapy for adolescents is feasible and warrants additional research.
Assessing the androgenic and metabolic heterogeneity in polycystic ovary syndrome using cluster analysis
Authors: Deshmukh Harshal , Akbar Shahzad , Bhaiji Amira , Saeed Yamna , Shah Najeeb , Adeleke Kazeem , Papageorgiou Maria , Atkin Stephen , Sathyapalan Thozhukat
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Some but not all women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) develop the metabolic syndrome (MS). The objective of this study was to determine if a subset of women with PCOS had higher androgen levels predisposing them to MS and whether routinely measured hormonal parameters impacted the metabolic syndrome score (siMS).

Methods

We included data from a discovery (PCOS clinic data) and a replication cohort (Hull PCOS Biobank) and utilized eight routinely measured hormonal parameters in our clinics (free androgen index [FAI], sex hormone‐binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), androstenedione, luteinizing hormone [LH], follicular stimulating hormone, anti‐Müllerian hormone and 17 hydroxyprogesterone [17‐OHP]) to perform a K‐means clustering (an unsupervised machine learning algorithm). We used NbClust Package in R to determine the best number of clusters. We estimated the siMS in each cluster and used regression analysis to evaluate the effect of hormonal parameters on SiMS.

Results

The study consisted of 310 women with PCOS (discovery cohort: n = 199, replication cohort: n = 111). The cluster analysis identified two clusters in both the discovery and replication cohorts. The discovery cohort identified a larger cluster (n = 137) and a smaller cluster (n = 62), with 31% of the study participants. Similarly, the replication cohort identified a larger cluster (n = 74) and a smaller cluster (n = 37) with 33% of the study participants. The smaller cluster in the discovery cohort had significantly higher levels of LH (7.26 vs. 16.1 IU/L, p < .001), FAI (5.21 vs. 9.22, p < .001), androstenedione (3.93 vs. 7.56 nmol/L, p < .001) and 17‐OHP (1.59 vs. 3.12 nmol/L, p < .001). These findings were replicated in the replication cohort. The mean (±SD) siMS score was higher in the smaller cluster, 3.1 (±1.1) versus 2.8 (±0.8); however, this was not statistically significant (p = .20). In the regression analysis, higher FAI (β = .05, p = .003) and androstenedione (β = .03, p = .02) were independently associated with a higher risk of SiMS score, while higher DHEAS levels were associated with a lower siMS score (β = −.07, p = .03)

Conclusion

We identified a subset of women in our PCOS cohort with significantly higher LH, FAI, and androstenedione levels. We show that higher levels of androstenedione and FAI are associated with a higher siMS, while higher DHEAS levels were associated with lower siMS.
Combination prophylaxis in CMV high risk heart transplant recipients: A single center experience
Authors: Van Aelst Lucas N. L. , Droogné Walter , Vörös Gabor , Van Cleemput Johan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most clinically relevant infectious agent following heart transplantation (HTX). Data on the beneficial effects of prophylactic use of CMV immunoglobulins (CMVIG) are scarce.

Methods

In this single‐center, retrospective study, we reported patient outcomes following cardiac transplantation using prophylactic CMV treatment, including CMVIG. Distinct clinically relevant outcomes were compared across different CMV risk groups (CMV D−/R−, CMV D−/R+, CMV D+/R+, and CMV D+/R− or CMV high risk group).

Results

We included 272 heart transplant procedures, performed between 1/1/2009 and 1/11/2020. Sixty‐one (22%) procedures belonged to the CMV high risk group, while 96 (35%), 50 (18%), and 65 (24%) were CMV D−/R−, CMV D−/R+, and CMV D+/R+, respectively. Baseline donor and recipient characteristics (sex, age, body mass index, cause of death, indication for HTX), ischemia times and baseline immunosuppressive regimens were similar across the different CMV risk groups, yet fewer patients were bridged with a mechanical circulatory support in the CMV D+/R− group. CMV disease following cardiac transplantation was more common in the CMV D+/R− risk group (n = 40 or 66.7%; p < .001), yet mortality and re‐transplantation rates, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) severity, rejection episodes, and development of donor‐specific antibodies (DSA), post‐transplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLD), and EBV infections were similar across all four CMV risk groups.

Conclusion

High risk CMV D+/R− patients had a similar survival compared to low and intermediate CMV risk groups using a prophylactic strategy combining CMVIG and viral DNA polymerase inhibitors. This may be related to a number of factors unrelated to prophylaxis strategy as two out of three CMV D+/R− recipients developed CMV primary infection after prophylaxis was discontinued.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided balloon‐occluded gastrojejunostomy bypass, duodenal stent or laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Chan Shannon Melissa , Dhir Vinay , Chan Yvonne Yuet Yan , Cheung Chole Hiu Nam , Chow Joelle Chung Shan , Wong Isabella Wing Man , Shah Rahul , Yip Hon Chi , Itoi Takao , Teoh Anthony Yuen Bun
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) can be relieved by either laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy (LGJ), endoscopic stenting (SEMS) or endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastrojejunostomy (endoscopic ultrasound‐guided balloon‐occluded gastrojejunostomy bypass; EPASS). This study aimed to compare the outcomes of the three treatment methods.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of patients who suffered from malignant GOO between January 2012 to November 2020 that received either EPASS, LGJ or SEMS. The outcomes included the technical and clinical success, 30‐day adverse events and mortality, pre and post stenting GOO scores (GOOSs), stent patency and causes of stent dysfunction.

Results

One hundred and fourteen patients were included (30 EPASS, 35 LGJ, 49 SEMS). The technical success of EPASS, LGJ and SEMS were 93.3%, 100%, 100% (P = 0.058) and clinical success rates were 93.3%, 80%, 87.8% (P = 0.276), respectively. Procedural time was longest for the LGJ group (P < 0.001). The EPASS group had the shortest hospital stay (EPASS 1.5 [1–17], LGJ 7 [2–44], SEMS 5 [2–46] days, P < 0.001). EPASS group also had the lowest rates of recurrent obstruction (EPASS 3.3%, LGJ 17.1%, SEMS 36.7%, P = 0.002) and re‐intervention (EPASS 3.3%, LGJ 17.1%, SEMS 26.5%, P = 0.031). The 1‐month GOOS was highest in the EPASS group (EPASS 3 [1–3], LGJ 3 [0–3], SEMS 2 [0–3], P = 0.028).

Conclusion

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastrojejunostomy was associated with better clinical outcomes then the other two procedures. The procedure may be the best option provided that the expertise is available.
The Industrial Revolution as a collective action problem: The House of Commons games patents of monopoly, November 1601
Authors: Kealey Terence
Published: November 2022

The English economy during the sixteenth century was increasingly captured by monopolists, with dire consequences in aggregate. Yet, though many Members of Parliament owned patents of monopoly, on 20 November 1601 the House of Commons agreed, with no voices raised in opposition, to void all such patents. That collective decision helped shift the English economy from a non‐cooperative to a cooperative game, and thus from non‐competition to competition, so taking a key prefatory step towards the English Industrial Revolution.
The Impact of Non‐tariff Barriers on Trade and Welfare
Authors: Dhingra Swati , Freeman Rebecca , Huang Hanwei
Published: November 2022

Deep trade agreements (DTAs) are widespread and have taken the world beyond tariff liberalization in goods trade. As the importance of global supply chains and the services sector has increased across the world, shallow tariff reductions have given way to deeper commitments that address non‐tariff barriers and behind‐the‐border barriers to trade. This paper shows that DTA commitments undertaken since the Uruguay Round have increased trade in goods and trade in services by over half in the long term. Taking reduced‐form trade elasticity estimates to a general equilibrium quantitative model, DTAs contributed over 40% to the welfare gains from trade globally and even more for advanced economies. China, India and the Eastern European bloc benefited the most from trade agreements. While most of the gains in China and India came from tariff reductions, the gains to Eastern Europe came largely from deep commitments during its accession to the EU. Applying the DTA estimates to ex ante analysis of Brexit, the losses to the UK from its departure from the deepest trade agreement in the world would not be offset by new deep trade deals with key non‐EU trade partners.
How to dig up minds: The intentional analysis program in cognitive archaeology
Authors: van Mazijk Corijn
Published: November 2022

This paper introduces a new approach to the study of Paleolithic minds. It is developed on the basis of the phenomenological concept of intentionality: the mind's central characteristic of being about or directed at something. In phenomenology, the world is considered not qua fact, but qua appearance, as a correlate of the mind's intentional activity. Both world‐appearance and the mind's directedness are further considered from a first‐person viewpoint, and in a scaffolding fashion, with more complex acts disclosing new types of objects or aspects of them. This paper develops a framework for applying intentional analysis to minds of the past. This way, the subjective “world‐having” of past subjects can be systematically reconstructed in a manner consistent with the empirical data available. This discloses a new field of inquiry that thus far has not been clearly grasped, even though the questions belonging to it are everywhere recognized as being of the greatest importance to the discipline. The intentional analysis of the scaffolding of acts and what they disclose can help to clarify essential concepts in cognitive archaeological debates, and to better understand the evolution of the hominin mind.
Combining mid infrared spectroscopy with stacked generalisation machine learning for prediction of key soil properties
Authors: Nawar Said , Mouazen Abdul M.
Published: November 2022

Accurate assessment of key soil attributes such as soil organic carbon (OC), available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K) using mid‐infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) is essential for better soil management in precision agriculture. However, the calibration of the portable version of MIRS is more challenging than the benchmark technologies, hence, demanding more efficient modelling methods to provide accurate outcomes. This research aims to use the stacked generalisation machine learning (SG–ML) framework, combining support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosted regression (GBR), and random forest (RF), using linear ridge regression as a meta learner, for predicting OC, P, and K using MIR spectra of 375 soil samples collected from four farms (Flanders, Belgium). The performance of the SG–ML models was compared with the multilayer perceptron (MLP) deep learning (DL) method. Results showed the superiority of the SG–ML method over the corresponding single ML and DL models. The predictive performance of SG–ML using the validation set was excellent for the three soil attributes, with coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.88% and 0.10%, 0.85 and 4.53 mg 100 g−1, and 0.84 and 3.87 mg 100 g−1 for OC, K, and P, respectively. The performance of DL models were good for OC (R2 = 0.65, and RMSE = 0.17%), poor for K (R2 = 0.58 and RMSE = 7.59 mg 100 g−1), and very poor for P (R2 = 0.46, and RMSE = 6.57 mg 100 g−1). The SG–ML reduced the prediction RMSE by 10% to 31%, compared with the single ML (SVM, RF, and GBR) models. In summary, the proposed stacking method is a powerful modelling tool for the accurate prediction of key soil attributes using portable MIRS.

Highlights

Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models were developed based on mid‐infrared soil spectra.

The stacked generalisation ML (SG–ML) was compared with ML and DL for predicting OC, P, and K.

SG–ML models outperformed ML (GBR, RF, and SVM) and deep learning (DL) models.

The SG–ML models significantly decreased RMSE by 10% to 31% compared with the single ML models.
Spatial and climatic analyses for predicting potential distribution of an invasive ant, Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Jung Jae‐Min , Kim Se‐Hyun , Jung Sunghoon , Lee Wang‐Hee
Published: November 2022

The Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) is an invasive species that rapidly enters into new areas, causing worldwide ecological concern. Early assessment of its potential habitat could indicate areas that we need to pay attention to in advance, to prevent its invasion; therefore, in this study we aimed to predict the potential spatial distribution of the Argentine ant and analyze the climatic characteristics of its occurrence sites. The CLIMEX model was used to predict the spatial distribution of this ant species, while the probability density function was employed to extract climatic preferences in places where their main habitats are located. High climatic suitability was predicted in the eastern United States, eastern South America, central Africa, eastern Australia, and a few regions in India and China, suggesting the high possibility of its invasion worldwide. The frequency of occurrence was highest at approximately 20°C monthly average maximum temperature, 8°C monthly average minimum temperature, and 10 mm monthly precipitation. In addition, the occurrence records of Argentine ants were mostly shown to be above sub‐zero temperatures. We expect that these results can be used to identify new areas exposed to the risk of Argentine ant invasion and for further application to establish monitoring strategies in advance.
Evaluating the effects of zeolitic imidazolate framework and Eremostachys binalodensis extract on Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans biofilms
Authors: Hariri Armin , Shayesteh Sevda , Asgharian Parina , Yousefi Vahid , Chamanara Mohsen , Sadrzadeh‐Afshar Maryam Sadat
Published: November 2022

Biofilms represent longstanding challenges to oral health care. Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans are the common pathogens forming biofilms. The growing resistance to and the adverse effects of antibiotics limit their usage and raise the need for novel approaches. Herbal extracts have emerged as efficient choices with lower costs and fewer adverse effects. Metal frameworks have captivated interest due to their high surface area, special biocompatibility, and non‐toxicity. The effects of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks/layered double hydroxide (ZIF/LDH) on fungal infections and the potential effects of Eremostachys binalodensis on bacteria encouraged the researchers to evaluate the effect of ZIF/LDH, E. binalodensis, and their combination on C. albicans and S. mutans biofilms. ZIF/LDH nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and X‐ray diffraction to assess morphology and chemical structure. Methanol extracts of the areal parts of E. binalodensis were obtained by Soxhlet extraction. The microdilution tests and biofilm crystal violet staining were applied. Concentrations of 2.048 and 4.096 mg/ml E. binalodensis prevented C. albicans and S. mutans biofilm formation. The combination of ZIF/LDH + E. binalodensis prevented C. albicans and S. mutans biofilm formation. This research suggests the use of E. binalodensis‐loaded ZIF/LDH nanocomposites for removing biofilms.
Genomic and proteomic findings in early melanoma and opportunities for early diagnosis
Authors: Teh Rachel , Azimi Ali , Pupo Gulietta M. , Ali Marina , Mann Graham J. , Fernández‐Peñas Pablo
Published: November 2022

Overdiagnosis of early melanoma is a significant problem. Due to subtle unique and overlapping clinical and histological criteria between pigmented lesions and the risk of mortality from melanoma, some benign pigmented lesions are diagnosed as melanoma. Although histopathology is the gold standard to diagnose melanoma, there is a demand to find alternatives that are more accurate and cost‐effective. In the current “omics” era, there is gaining interest in biomarkers to help diagnose melanoma early and to further understand the mechanisms driving tumor progression. Genomic investigations have attempted to differentiate malignant melanoma from benign pigmented lesions. However, genetic biomarkers of early melanoma diagnosis have not yet proven their value in the clinical setting. Protein biomarkers may be more promising since they directly influence tissue phenotype, a result of by‐products of genomic mutations, posttranslational modifications and environmental factors. Uncovering relevant protein biomarkers could increase confidence in their use as diagnostic signatures. Currently, proteomic investigations of melanoma progression from pigmented lesions are limited. Studies have previously characterised the melanoma proteome from cultured cell lines and clinical samples such as serum and tissue. This has been useful in understanding how melanoma progresses into metastasis and development of resistance to adjuvant therapies. Currently, most studies focus on metastatic melanoma to find potential drug therapy targets, prognostic factors and markers of resistance. This paper reviews recent advancements in the genomics and proteomic fields and reports potential avenues, which could help identify and differentiate melanoma from benign pigmented lesions and prevent the progression of melanoma.
Impact of a relationship‐based intervention, Love Notes, on teen pregnancy prevention
Authors: Barbee Anita P. , Cunningham Michael R. , Antle Becky F. , Langley Cheri N.
Published: November 2022

Objective

In this research, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) tested the efficacy of two teen pregnancy prevention (TPP) curricula, Reducing the Risk and Love Notes, compared with a group of adolescents in a control condition, on primary pregnancy prevention among youth at high‐risk for teen pregnancy. A secondary purpose was to examine two potential mediators, negative beliefs about teen pregnancy and intentions to follow the sequence of completing education, marrying or establishing a committed relationship, and then having children.

Background

Teen pregnancy rates for racial/ethnic minority youth in the United States are disproportionately high compared with White youth. Given the positive view of children in these populations and the drive for youth to form peer relationships and explore their sexuality, meeting these cultural and developmental needs within TPP may be critical.

Methods

The study examined the number of reported pregnancies across the first year after the interventions from a three‐arm, cluster RCT engaging 1,448 youth living in poverty between the ages of 14 and 19 years in 23 community‐based organizations in a southeastern U.S. city.

Results

At the 1‐year follow‐up, youth in Love Notes report significantly fewer pregnancies compared with the control condition (18 pregnancies, 3.51%), F(2, 1,309) = 4.17, p = .02, d = 0.11. There was no significant difference between Reducing the Risk (31 pregnancies, 6.14%) and the control condition (27 pregnancies, 6.49%) in number of pregnancies. Less favorable attitudes about having a child as a teenager and other attitudes were associated with predicted outcomes.

Conclusions

This study provides additional evidence for the efficacy of Love Notes, which embeds sex education into a larger curriculum on life planning and healthy relationship formation and maintenance.

Implications.

TPP approaches need to add content on planning and relationships to comprehensive sexual education.
Latinx fathers of transgender and gender diverse people: Journey toward acceptance and role of culture
Authors: Teran Manuel , Abreu Roberto L. , Tseung Emily S. , Castellanos Jeanett
Published: November 2022

Objective

This article reports on a qualitative study, phenomenological approach, with a sample of Latinx fathers of transgender and gender‐diverse people.

Background

Research shows that acceptance by parental figures is crucial for the development and well‐being of transgender and gender diverse people. However, little research has focused on the experiences of fathers. Specific to Latinx fathers, cultural values, beliefs, and traditions might be instrumental in their journey toward accepting their transgender and gender diverse child.

Methods

A descriptive, phenomenological approach was used in this study with Latinx fathers (N = 8). In‐depth, semistructured interviews were completed to explore the lived experiences of the fathers.

Results

Qualitative analysis yielded seven main themes: (a) fear of safety and desire to protect child; (b) difficulties adjusting to child's identity; (c) seeking out information and support from other Latinx families; (d) understanding, respect, and empathy; (e) increased sense of involvement and responsibility on LGBTQ+ issues; (f) positive transformation at multiple levels; and (g) influence of Latinx cultural values and beliefs.

Implications

Findings provide important clinical implications for practitioners, such as creating room for Latinx fathers to process and explore how different Latinx cultural values (e.g., familismo, machismo, caballerismo, religion and spirituality) might facilitate or hinder acceptance of their transgender and gender diverse child.
A qualitative study of the capabilities of family members of veterans living with operational stress injuries
Authors: Norris Deborah , Schwartz Kelly Dean , Eichler Maya , Tam‐Seto Linna , Mahar Alyson , Smith‐Evans Kimberley , Cramm Heidi
Published: November 2022

Objective

This qualitative study explores the experiences of 26 family members supporting Canadian Armed Forces veterans living with mental health problems including operational stress injuries (OSIs).

Background

The research focusing on military‐connected families emphasizes the impacts of service on the families. Little is known about how families impact military veterans, particularly those diagnosed with OSIs. This research addresses that gap by revealing the capabilities and demands characterizing their everyday lives.

Method

Semistructured interviews with 26 individuals identifying as family members of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) veterans and three focus groups (three participants in each group for a total of nine) with family members of CAF veterans released within the preceding 10 years were conducted. The veterans were living with broadly defined diagnosed and undiagnosed mental health problems including OSIs. Using the family adjustment and adaptation (FAAR) model as an organizational framework, demands and capabilities embodied within the everyday lives of the family members were revealed.

Results

Monitoring the well‐being of the veteran, managing daily life, accessing and mobilizing resources, and caregiving were discussed as capabilities by participants in this study. These capabilities buffer the demands associated with the veteran's mental health problems.

Conclusions

Results of this study endorse recommendations for family‐centered program and service development, modeled on approaches that recognize the systemic and relational contexts instrumental in supporting positive outcomes for veterans with OSIs.

Implications

Further research exploring the complex, interdependent, and interactional role of families supporting veterans with OSIs is warranted.
Is helicopter parenting related to college students’ mental health? A typological and cross‐cultural approach
Authors: Hwang Woosang , Jung Eunjoo , Fu Xiaoyu , Zhang Yue , Ko Kwangman , Lee Sun‐A , Lee Youn Mi , Lee Soyoung , You Hyun‐Kyung , Kang Youngjin
Published: November 2022

Objective

The goal of this study is to uncover latent classes of maternal and paternal helicopter parenting among American and Chinese college students, and to examine whether latent classes of maternal and paternal helicopter parenting are related to college students’ mental health (depression and self‐esteem).

Background

Previous studies have examined the association between helicopter parenting and college students’ well‐being. However, less is known about how the multidimensional construct of helicopter parenting is related to college students’ mental health across Western and Eastern cultural contexts.

Method

We conducted three‐step latent class analyses using nine helicopter parenting indicators for 1,386 mother–child and 1,214 father–child groups in the United States and 520 mother–child and 454 father–child groups in China. Next, we tested the association between the class membership of maternal and paternal helicopter parenting and college students’ mental health.

Results

We identified distinct helicopter parenting latent classes among four American and Chinese parent–child groups. We also found that American college students in the strong maternal helicopter parenting latent class reported poorer mental health than those in other latent classes.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that the multidimensional construct of helicopter parenting can be interpreted differently by parents and college‐aged children according to their social and cultural contexts.

Implications

The findings of this study suggest that it is necessary to strengthen understanding of the multidimensional construct of helicopter parenting for parents with college‐aged children to enable them to develop more appropriate parenting practices as well as support their children's well‐being.
Homogenisation of water and sediment bacterial communities in a shallow lake (lake Balihe, China)
Authors: Zhong Meifang , Capo Eric , Zhang Huayong , Hu Haiyan , Wang Zhongyu , Tian Wang , Huang Tousheng , Bertilsson Stefan
Published: November 2022

Planktonic and benthic bacterial communities hold central roles in the functioning of freshwater ecosystems and mediate key ecosystem services such as primary production and nutrient remineralisation. Although it is clear that such communities vary in composition both within and between lakes, the environmental factors and processes shaping the diversity and composition of freshwater bacteria are still not fully understood.

In order to assess seasonal and spatial variability in lake bacterial communities and identify environmental factors underpinning biogeographical patterns, we performed a large‐scale sampling campaign with paired water and sediment sample collection at 18 locations during four seasons in Lake Balihe, a subtropical shallow fish‐farming lake in mid‐eastern China.

Pelagic and benthic bacterial communities were distinctly different in terms of diversity, taxonomic composition and community structure, with Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria dominating lake water, and Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria dominating sediment. Nevertheless, these two communities had stronger spatial concordance and overlap in taxa during spring and autumn seasons. Together, the main drivers of both the spatial and temporal variations in Lake Balihe bacterial communities were identified as water temperature, turbidity, nitrogen and phosphorus availability, and thermal stratification controlled by wind‐mixing and activity of the dense farmed fish populations. Notably, populations affiliated with Firmicutes, known to be abundant in fish gut microbiome, were especially abundant in the summer season and locations where high fish biomass was found, suggesting a potential link between fish gut microbiome and the pelagic bacterial communities.

Our findings demonstrated seasonal homogenisation of pelagic and benthic bacterial communities linked to marked shifts in a set of seasonally‐driven environmental variables including water temperature and nutrient availability.
Migraine in the context of chronic primary pain, chronic overlapping pain disorders, and functional somatic disorders: A narrative review
Authors: Henningsen Peter , Hausteiner‐Wiehle Constanze , Häuser Winfried
Published: November 2022

Objective

To contextualize migraine as the most common primary headache disorder in relation to other chronic primary pain and non‐pain functional somatic and mental conditions.

Background

Migraine is increasingly understood as a sensory processing disorder within a broader spectrum of symptom disorders. This has implications for diagnosis and treatment.

Method

Narrative review based on a search of the literature of the last 15 years on the overlap of migraine with other symptom disorders.

Results

Migraine as the prototypical primary headache disorder not only comprises many non‐headache symptoms in itself, it also shows high comorbidity with other chronic pain and non‐pain conditions (e.g., fibromyalgia syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, functional non‐epileptic seizures, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder). Such “symptom disorders” share several etiological factors (e.g., female preponderance, psychological vulnerability) and psychophysiological mechanisms (e.g., altered sensory processing, pain expectancy). These facts are acknowledged by several recent integrative conceptualizations such as chronic primary pain, chronic overlapping pain conditions, or functional somatic disorders. Accordingly, migraine management increasingly addresses the total symptom burden and individual contributors to symptom experience, and thus incorporates centrally acting pharmacological and non‐pharmacological, that is, psychological and behavioral, treatment approaches.

Conclusions

Migraine and also other primary headache disorders should be seen as particular phenotypes within a broader spectrum of symptom perception and processing disorders that require integrative diagnostics and treatment. A harmonization of classifications and better interdisciplinary collaboration are desirable.
Different dosage regimens of erenumab for the treatment of migraine: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the efficacy and safety of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gui Tiantian , Li Hao , Zhu Feng , Wang Quan , Zhou Xiaoling , Xue Qun
Published: November 2022

Background

Migraine is a worldwide epidemic neurological disorder that has a significant influence on the quality of life. Migraine attacks are considered to be related to a calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) signaling molecule, and anti‐CGRP medications are used to abort and prevent migraine attacks. Erenumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the CGRP receptor, is the first migraine preventive medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. In the present study, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of erenumab.

Objective

This study aims to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of erenumab as a migraine preventive treatment compared to a placebo.

Methods

Randomized, placebo‐controlled, single or double‐blind trials were searched through MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, andClinicalTrials.govup to May 2022. The efficacy outcomes we collected include changes from baseline on monthly migraine days, monthly acute migraine‐specific medication days, ≥50% responder rate, ≥75% responder rate, and 100% responder rate at week 12. Safety outcomes include treatment emergent adverse events, serious adverse events, and any adverse event that leads to discontinuation of treatment. The study was registered with PROSPERO (Registry number: CRD42022338861).

Result

In all eight included trials, we found that erenumab (28, 70, and 140 mg) is very effective and has a significantly greater reduction in baseline monthly migraine days (28 mg: mean difference [MD] = −1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.0 to −0.2,p = 0.020; 70 mg: MD = −1.4, 95% CI: −1.8 to −1.1,p < 0.001,I2 = 26%; 140 mg: MD = −1.8, 95% CI: −2.1 to −1.4,p < 0.001,I2 = 0%) than placebo at week 12, especially with 140 mg. Otherwise, we found that there were no statistical differences in the occurrence of adverse events (7 mg: risk ratio [RR] = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.7 to 1.2,p = 0.570; 21 mg: RR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8 to 1.2,p = 0.730; 28 mg: RR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.7 to 1.1,p = 0.340; 70 mg: RR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.0,p = 0.230,I2 = 0%; 140 mg: RR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.1,p = 0.880,I2 = 40%) between the erenumab and placebo groups.

Conclusions

In our study, we found that erenumab, especially at the dose of 140 mg, is an effective and well‐tolerated preventive treatment for migraine.
Results from an extended study on the reliability of a questionnaire for the diagnosis of sensitive skin: Confirmations and improvements
Authors: Borghi Alessandro , Guarneri Fabrizio , Montesi Leda , Pacetti Lucrezia , Donelli Irene , Corazza Monica
Published: November 2022

Objective

A recently proposed self‐assessment questionnaire aimed at diagnosing sensitive skin provided promising results in a relatively small population. The main objectives were: (i) to assess the reliability of the aforementioned questionnaire in a larger population and verify the cut‐off score previously found to predict skin sensitivity (defined as positivity to LAST, lactic acid stinging test) and (ii) to define a formula that yields the probability of a positive LAST result.

Methods

Adult volunteers were included in this observational, cross‐sectional, extended study. Both LAST‐positive subjects, who were considered as having sensitive skin (‘patients’) and negative ones (‘controls’) completed the questionnaire, which concerned sensitivity to possible triggers of unpleasant skin sensations in real life. A cumulative score (questionnaire‐based skin sensitivity score, 0–10) was calculated from the sum of all items.

Results

Three hundred and sixty‐four subjects were enrolled, 214 patients and 150 controls. The mean questionnaire‐based skin sensitivity score was significantly higher among patients than controls. Using two different methods, cut‐off values of 4 and 5 were defined for the identification of LAST‐positive subjects, with 76.6% and 72.8% accuracy, respectively. Scores below 4 or above 5 showed a high (80% or better) negative or positive predictive value, respectively. The coefficients found that in multivariate analysis for each questionnaire item, gender and age allowed us to calculate the probability of LAST positivity with higher precision taking into account the ‘relative weight’ of each factor.

Conclusion

With small variations in the results, the self‐assessment questionnaire confirmed its reliability for diagnosing sensitive skin in clinical practice.
Preclinical study probing primary stability of dental implants in synthetic and natural bones
Authors: Shetty Vibha , S Santhosh Kumar , Mishra Deepa , N Rakesh , Barui Srimanta , Basu Bikramjit
Published: November 2022

The natural bone is a biological example of a polymer–ceramic composite with a higher volume fraction of nanosized ceramic (around 65% hydroxyapatite) dispersed in polymer (collagenous) matrix. The loading of a dental implant involves the biomechanical interactions of the implant with such natural composites in the jaw bones of human subjects. In particular, the insertion torque responses of the dental implant are related to the implant design, in particular the external thread morphology, which influences the primary stability of the implant. In this study, the effect of the bone properties (polyurethane‐based synthetic bone, porcine and human cadaver lumbar bone) and clinically relevant implant driving protocols on the insertion and removal torques of newly designed implant variants (hybrid threads with macro‐ and micro‐threads) were assessed, quantitatively and qualitatively. It was observed that torque response increased with an increase in bone density, irrespective of the implant designs. The torque response of the implants in both synthetic and natural bones was benchmarked with the commercially available implant. The implants with bone cutting partial macro‐threads at the apical end without inter thread gap exhibited comparable clinically relevant results with respect to control implants and were found to be most suitable for implantation into natural bone.
Utilisation of flavonoids from Lycium barbarum L. leaves cross‐linked with whey protein for the stabilisation and delivery of β‐carotene emulsions
Authors: Fan Yanli , Sun Xiazhi , Fang Tian , Ma Maimai , Wu Yuxing , Zha Xiaotong
Published: November 2022

Although β‐carotene is an essential nutrient for the maintenance of human health, it is insoluble in water and extremely unstable, which limits its application. Here, we prepared a stable emulsification system of whey protein (WP)‐Lycium barbarum L. leaves flavonoids (LBLF) complex as a carrier to load β‐carotene. The rheological properties, antioxidant properties and stability of emulsion were studied, and the effects of emulsion on the biological retention of β‐carotene and stability were investigated. The results indicate that, compared with WP, the WP‐LBLF emulsion has smaller particles, a smaller creaming index, and significantly enhanced chemical stability under light and heat treatment conditions. The thiobarbituric acid value of the WP‐LBLF emulsion (0.031 ± 0.016 mg/kg) was dramatically lower than that of the WP emulsion (0.045 ± 0.012 mg/kg) (P < 0.05). In the simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiment, the retention rate of β‐carotene was higher in WP‐LBLF emulsion. Additionally, the WP‐LBLF emulsion loaded with β‐carotene has good salt tolerance and heat stability. In our study, WP‐LBLF was used as an emulsifier to load β‐carotene emulsion to improve its bioavailability and stability, which provides a new preparation and application method for a complex functional emulsifier.
Androgen deprivation therapy duration is significantly associated with Testosterone recovery in Japanese patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Arai Masashi , Kosaka Takeo , Yasumizu Yota , Takeda Toshikazu , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Oya Mototsugu
Published: November 2022

Objective

Due to the fear generated by COVID‐19 in Spring 2020, many patients postponed their scheduled outpatient visits. To differentiate those patients with prostate cancer (PCa) whose androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) injection treatment can be postponed, we investigated the characteristics of testosterone (T) recovery in Japanese patients after they received combined ADT and radiation therapy (RT).

Methods

We included 81 patients with PCa treated with ADT and RT at Keio University Hospital from January 2013 to December 2018. T‐recovery was defined as the time interval between the last ADT injection and 3–6 months after T‐normalization. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate time to T‐recovery. Cox proportional hazards models identified T‐recovery predictors.

Results

The 50% cumulative incidence of T‐recovery was 7.0 months for the 6‐short‐term group (defined as patients having ≤6 months of ADT therapy) versus 13.0 months for the 6‐long‐term group (>6 months of therapy) (p < 0.001). The incidence was 7.0 months for the 12 short‐term‐ADT (ST) group versus 18.0 months for the 12 long‐term‐ADT (LT) group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that a shorter duration of ADT was associated with a shorter time to T‐recovery (hazard ratio, 0.253; 95% CI, 0.138–0.465; p < 0.001). No other factors were significant predictors of T‐recovery.

Conclusion

Androgen deprivation therapy duration is significantly associated with T‐recovery in Japanese patients with PCa. If a patient undergoes ADT for more than 6 or 12 months, it is possible to postpone their outpatient visits for 13 and 18 months, respectively.
Chemical modification of acellular fish skin as a promising biological scaffold by carbodiimide cross‐linker for wound healing
Authors: Abbasnezhad Sara , Biazar Esmaeil , Aavani Farzaneh , Kamalvand Mahshad , Heidari Keshel Saeed , Pourjabbar Bahareh
Published: November 2022

Biological matrices can be modified with cross‐linkers to improve some of their characteristics as scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this study, chemical cross‐linker 1‐Ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) was used with different ratios (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mM) to improve properties such as mechanical strength, denaturation temperature, and degradability of the acellular fish skin as a biological scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Morphological analysis showed that the use of cross‐linker at low concentrations had no effect on the structure and textiles of the scaffold, while increasing mechanical strength, denaturation temperature, and degradation time. Cytotoxicity and cellular studies showed that the optimal cross‐linker concentration did not significantly affect cell viability as well as cell adhesion. In general, utilising the carbodiimide cross‐linker with the optimal ratio can improve the characteristics and function of the biological tissues such as acellular fish skin.
Effects of textual prompting and constant time delay on social communication skills of young adults with Prader Willi syndrome during online socialisation activities
Authors: Vascelli Luca , Berardo Federica , Iacomini Silvia , Scorza Maristella , Cavallini Francesca
Published: November 2022

Background

Social communication skills are critical for full participation in social activities in primary life contexts for adolescents and young adults with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Method

Two young adults with Prader Willi syndrome participated in an online socialisation programme with elderly and adolescent conversational partners. We used a multiple baseline across conversational partners design for each participant to investigate the effects of textual prompts and constant time delay on the number of initiations and follow‐up questions. We evaluated the social validity.

Results

Both participants improved their social communication skills during online socialisation with partners. Participants with Prader Willi syndrome enjoyed participating in this study. Elderly conversational partners reported a slight decrease in loneliness following online socialisation.

Conclusion

The use of textual prompts and constant time delay may be helpful to promote opportunities for interaction among segments of the population potentially at risk of social isolation during online socialisation.