bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic transmission analysis of internal structure evolution in fractured rocks
Authors: Wei X. , Huang W.-Q. , Lei B. , Su X.-P. , Zuo J.-P.
Published: January 2025

The mechanical properties of P-wave propagation in rock fractures, obtained by ultrasonic testing, were used to deduce the relationship between the energy change and the internal rock structure evolution. Then, uniaxial compression testing with ultrasonic monitoring was performed using limestone rock mass specimens with different natural initial fracture types. The internal crack growth rate was obtained from the whole loading time and the ultrasonic waveform parameters. For specimens with different initial structures, the crack growth rate showed different features significantly with the change in axial stress. The crack growth rate in fractured rocks, calculated from the elastic mechanics model for transmitted waves, can represent changes in crack growth during loading. This rate may be used as initial input for artificial intelligence to evaluate rock mass stability at different loading stages in the field of engineering.
Kilis Kentinin Mekânsal Gelişimi (1950-2024)
Authors: İncili Ömer Faruk
Published: January 2025

Kilis kenti mekânsal gelişimini konu alan bu çalışmada geçmişten günümüze mekânsal ve beşeri anlamdaki gelişmelerin fiziksel ortamdaki yayılım sistematiği ele alınmıştır. Çalışma, Kilis kenti gelişiminin zaman ve mekânsal boyutta kapsamlı araştırmasını içermektedir. Bu kapsamda kentin makroformunun tarihi, coğrafi ve planlama açısından değişimi ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma hem doküman analizi hem de arazi gözlemlerinden elde edilen verilerle desteklenmiştir. Çalışmada izlenen yöntem, 1950 sonrasında Kilis kentine ait hava fotoğrafları, harita ve uydu görüntülerini analiz ederek mekânsal yayılımı ortaya koymak olmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında, Harita Genel Müdürlüğü’nden (HGM); 1950, 1976, 1985 ve 1999 yıllarına ait Kilis kenti mekânsal yayılımını gösteren hava fotoğrafları temin edilmiştir. 1990 yılı kentsel yayılımı için 1:25.000 ölçekli topoğrafya haritasından faydalanılmıştır. 2000 sonrası kentsel yayılım ise 2004, 2014 ve 2024 Google Earth uydu görüntüsü üzerinden analiz edilerek elde edilmiştir. Kentsel mekânın gelişim dinamikleri; Osmanlı hâkimiyetine geçiş, sınırın çizilmesi, mayınlı saha, kaçakçılık, idari fonksiyon değişimi ve son dönem alınan Suriyeli göçü şeklinde belirlenmiştir. Kilis kenti mekânsal gelişimi il olma sürecine kadar yavaş şekilde gelişim göstermiştir. İl olma sürecinden sonra ise kentsel yayılım hız kazanmıştır. Günümüzde kentsel yayılım hızı nüfus baskısı, otomobil kullanımı ve yeni kent kültürünün etkisiyle çeşitli yönlere doğru yayılım, sıçrama ve saçaklanma şeklinde gerçekleşmektedir. Bu süreç sonucunda kentsel mekânın alanı genişlemekte, kırsal alanlar kentsel alanlara dönüşmektedir.
Stratejik Bir İletişim Aracı Olarak İkna Tekniklerinin Keloğlan Masallarında Kullanımı
Authors: Yurttadur Tuğba , Ercan Aktan Müge
Published: January 2025

Masal, kültürün en etkili ve kalıcı sözlü aktarım araçlarından biridir. Her kültürün masal anlatım geleneği, o toplumun değerleri, inançları ve tarihini de yansıtmaktadır. Masallar Türk kültürünü yansıtan önemli kaynaklardandır. Yapılacak sosyo-psikolojik çeşitli incelemeler için bir veri ambarı niteliğindedir. İnsanlar iletişim kurarak düşünce ve bilgi alışverişi, birbirini etkileme, yönlendirme ve hatta değiştirme amacı güderler. Sözü edilen amaçlara ulaşmak için çeşitli iletişim stratejileri geliştirirler. Bu çalışmada, geleneksel anlatı olan masallarda insan ilişkilerinin düzenlenmesinde bir iletişim dili olarak ikna stratejileri nasıl kurulmaktadır sorusuna cevap aranacaktır. Yapılacak inceleme için Keloğlan masalları seçilmiş ve çalışma bu metinlerle sınırlandırılmıştır. Keloğlan masallarında genellikle bir problem ortaya çıkar ve kahraman bu problemi çözmeye çalışır. Keloğlan karakterinin önemli özelliklerinden biri karşısına çıkan sorunların üstesinden gelmek için ikna stratejileri kullanmasıdır. Keloğlan’ın bu yönünün, geleneksel kültüründeki ikna ve iletişim olgularının anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmüştür. Çalışma kapsamında, farklı kaynaklardan elde edilen Keloğlan masallarında, iletişimde kullanılan ikna tekniklerinden mantıksal kanıt sunma tekniği, sosyal kanıt sunma tekniği, duygusal kanıt sunma tekniği, fiziksel kanıt sunma tekniği, acaba yerine hangisi tekniği, hediye vererek ikna tekniği, kazanacakları konusunda olumlu hayaller kurdurma tekniği, evet-evet tekniği, önce büyük sonra küçük rica tekniği, önce küçük sonra büyük rica tekniği, sadece o değil tekniği, önce ver sonra al tekniği, karşılılık (borca sokma) tekniği, otorite ile ikna tekniği, uyumluluk tekniği, beğendirme tekniği, kıtlık tekniği, demagoji ile ikna tekniği, giderek artan ricalar tekniği ve duygusal tepki yaratma tekniğinin tespiti üzerinde durulmuştur. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda Keloğlan karakterinin çoğunlukla kazanacakları hakkında olumlu hayaller kurdurma tekniği ve giderek artan ricalar tekniğini kullandığı görülmüştür.
Selection of intraoperative fluid for kidney transplantation
Authors: Lee Jeong Eun , Jung Hoon
Published: January 2025

The kidney, the most frequently transplanted organ, represents the optimal treatment for end-stage renal disease. Transplanted kidneys are highly vulnerable to perioperative injuries such as hypotension and hypovolemia, which can be influenced by perioperative fluid management. Postoperatively, delayed graft function increases the risk of graft failure. Although adequate volume administration can reduce delayed graft function, the type of intraoperative fluid most likely to benefit and support graft function remains unclear. Traditionally, crystalloids have been the primary choice for fluid management during kidney transplantation. Among these, 0.9% sodium chloride is the most commonly used, as its potassium-free composition minimizes the risk of hyperkalemia in patients with end-stage renal disease. Albumin is not routinely used, whereas synthetic colloids are discouraged owing to their nephrotoxicity. To date, 0.9% sodium chloride has demonstrated fewer advantages compared with balanced crystalloids, particularly regarding acid-base homeostasis, electrolyte balance, and delayed graft function. This review aims to examine the existing evidence on the effect of crystalloids and colloids on postoperative graft function and to recommend an appropriate fluid regimen, including balanced crystalloids, for kidney transplantation.
Perineural catheters for continuous peripheral nerve blocks: a narrative review
Authors: Yoo Seokha , Kim Hansol , Kim Jin-Tae
Published: January 2025

Continuous peripheral nerve blocks using perineural catheters are increasingly used because they are the only well-established techniques that can provide prolonged analgesia. Although the novel indications and benefits of each type of continuous peripheral nerve block have been well described in several review articles, there is a lack of recent publications focusing on the use of perineural catheters. Numerous clinical challenges are associated with the use of catheters for pain management. This narrative review discusses the currently available perineural catheter designs, catheter fixation methods, perineural catheter-related complications, and management strategies.
Basic Operant Behavioral Training v2
Authors: Zhuang Xiaowen , Nelson Alexandra
Published: January 2025

This protocol includes information about the operant chamber, mouse preparation, initial shaping (training), and instrumental learning. This can be followed by other behavioral tasks, such as probabilistic reversal learning or delay discounting, which are described in other protocols. To promote consistent results, each mouse should be trained in the same operant chamber at the same time of day, five days per week, throughout the study. Male and female mice should be trained in separate operant chambers.
Analysis of functional disorders in oncohematological diseases survivours1
Authors: Klyut A. S. , Kharbediya V. Kh. , Abrahamyan D. G. , Peryatinskiy A. V. , Glazyrina A. A. , Petryaykina E. E.
Published: January 2025

Thanks to modern approaches to the treatment of children with oncohematological diseases, an increase in overall and relapse-free survival is noted. However, in the process of therapy of a malignant disease, a number of complications may arise, leading to the development of concomitant pathology with various functional disorders.

The article presents a broad spectrum of morphologic and functional disorders in 52 patients completed an oncohematological disease treatment. It is justified the use of physical and psychological methods of rehabilitation for the most effective prophylaxis and treatment.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and pathological complete response in hormone-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: influence of progesterone receptor expression, tumor grade and Ki-67
Authors: Zanozina E. A. , Bolotina L. V. , Rasskazova E. A. , Sipki V. N. , Maksimov K. V. , Zikiryakhodzhaev A. D.
Published: January 2025

Aim. To study the role of progesterone receptor expression, tumor grade and Ki-67 level as possible predictors of pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage IIA–IIB (cT1–2N1, cT2–3N0M0) breast cancer of hormone-positive HER2-negative subtype.

Materials and methods. We retrospectively analysed the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (4AC+12P/4T) in 100 patients with cancer stages IIA–IIB (cT1–2N1, cT2–3N0M0) of hormone-positive HER2-negative subtype treated at the P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute from 2013 to 2022. The pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy depending on the level of progesterone receptor expression, tumour grade (G) and tumour proliferation index (Ki-67) were evaluated.

Results. Pathological complete response was achieved in 12 of 100 patients. The progesterone receptor expression ≤3 Allred pCR scores were found in 16.1 % (5/31) of patients, whereas with progesterone receptor >3 scores in 10.1 % (7/69) (odds ratio 1.703; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.495–5.860; p = 0.507). Patients with high tumour grade (G3) achieved pCR in 12.1 % (4/33) cases and with G2 – in 11.9 % (8/67) (odds ratio 1.017; 95 % CI 0.283–3.658; p = 1.000). With the Ki-67 levels ≥50 % pCR was achieved in 14.6 % (7/48) cases compared to 9.6 % (5/52) with Ki-67 levels <50 %(odds ratio 1.605; 95 % CI 0.473–5.445; p = 0.544). The Ki-67 threshold for achieving pCR was 70 % (area under the ROC curve 0.663 ± 0.090; 95 % CI 0.486–0.840; p = 0.068) and for progesterone receptors was 3 points (area under the ROC curve 0.625 ± 0.080; 95 % CI 0.467–0.782; p = 0.156).

Conclusion. This analysis highlights the importance of considering all clinical and morphological characteristics of the tumour when planning the scope of treatment for hormone-positive HER2-negative breast cancer. The results obtained may serve as a basis for a more personalised therapeutic approach.
SELF-GOVERNMENT IN UKRAINE AS AN INSTITUTION JF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY
Authors:   Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Matviichuk Andriі
Published: January 2025

Self-governance is considered as a politico-legal institution within which the management of local affairs is carried out in basic administrative-territorial units through the self-organization of the local population, with the consent, recognition, and support of the state. It has been established as a type of social governance where the subjects and objects of governance coincide, meaning that people manage their own affairs, collectively make decisions, and act to implement them. The legal framework for self-governance in Ukraine, as well as the structure and functions of local self-government bodies, is outlined.
The mechanism and legal regulation of interaction between the state and local self-governance are clarified. An assessment of the level of development and effectiveness of self-governance in Ukraine is provided. It has been revealed that the establishment process of local self-governance in Ukraine, alongside other democratic transformations, remains incomplete to this day. The most effective manifestation of self-governance has been in volunteer support for the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Future paths for the institutionalization of self-governance in Ukraine are summarized and forecasted, focusing on increasing the efficiency of local self-governance and overcoming societal crises.
POPULISM AS A COMMUNICATIVE PHENOMENON: THE ESSENCE AND METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kulish Roman
Published: January 2025

The article presents a communicative approach to the study of populism. It is based on the features of the populist style of political communication, as well as methods that can be used to assess the intensity of its use. According to the communicative approach, almost every political actor becomes a suspect in attempts to turn to populism. It is proved that the communicative approach does not contradict other approaches to the study of populism, such as the ideological one, but complements them. The author provides clear signs of style that make it possible to identify populism in political communication using the communicative approach: secrecy, negative attitude to the actions and decisions of the state elite, opposition of ‘people’ and ‘elite’, as well as appeal to the will of the people. The only thing left to do is to determine which keywords to associate with each of these features. The methods that make it possible to measure the intensity of the use of populist style in political communication based on the above features are also considered. These methods include classical content analysis, computer content analysis and holistic grading. Three subtypes of computer content analysis — nonautomated, semi-automated and automated — are distinguished with their features and scenarios of application.
POLITICAL REGIMES OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Petrenko Viktoriia , Liashchenko Iryna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tukalenko Inna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

The article highlights the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of political regimes in the countries of the South Caucasus. The formation of the political regimes of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia since the declaration of independence of these countries, as well as the trends of the political life of these countries, which influenced the formation of these regimes, and the characteristic features of each of them, which made it possible to determine their types, were considered. It was found that there is a fairly stable authoritarian regime in Azerbaijan, and hybrid regimes in Georgia and Armenia. At the same time, in recent years, the hybrid regime in Armenia has shown a tendency to improve democratic indicators, and in Georgia, on the contrary, to a deterioration. It was revealed that in Georgia and Armenia, the change of power to a more democratic one took place as a result of revolutions. Both countries are parliamentary republics with dominant political parties. Violations of human and citizen rights and freedoms, problems with freedom of speech, influence of oligarchic structures on the government, fragmented opposition, persecution of opposition politicians and parties, problems in the judicial branch of government, and corruption are still taking place in Georgia. Public protests are frequent in Armenia, and there are problems with competitive and transparent elections, freedom of speech, political influence on the judiciary, and corruption. It was established that an authoritarian regime was formed in Azerbaijan under the leadership of the Aliyev family, where power is concentrated in the hands of one family and a group of people close to it. The opposition in the country is under constant pressure and there are no fair, competitive elections.
Communicative event and its representation in discourses of various types (based on the languages of the Еuropean cultural area)
Authors:   O.O. Potebnya Institute of Linguistics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Radziievska Tetiana
Published: January 2025

The paper deals with the lexical and syntactic means of representing a communicative event in discourses of various types. The main focus of the paper is made on a fictional and media discourses. The subject of the study is syntactic structures, which consist of two components, the so-called direct speech and the accompanying words of the author (a remark). These components reflect speech with different subject-addressee coordinates, as a result of which, the structures that they consist of became heterogeneous from a linguosemiotic point of view.

The illustrative material of the study covers Ukrainian, English, French, Italian, and German texts. Structures under consideration are interpreted as a linguocultural stereotype formed in the process of development of language and culture to represent a speech event. At the same time, the data of different languages diagnoses tangible variability of structures in their textual design. In some national traditions, there is a tendency to "bring together" two components of the syntactic structure through the use of punctuation marks, while in others, on the contrary, there is a tendency to segment them and make them autonomous.

In fictional discourse numerous cases of simple and complex combinations are presented, with an initial, medial or final position of one of them. The lexical toolkit for representing a communicative event is aimed at reflecting the essential characteristics of speech and speech behavior of the communicant. There are verbs whose semantics contain information about the mode of speech action, as well as its intentional component. Lexical means that reflect the paralinguistic plan of speech, various gestures, movements, voice, tone are used intensively to describe additional psychological details and nuances of speech behavior.

Texts of modern media discourse also demonstrate the use of these syntactic constructions and their variability. It is shown that their functional load in modern media texts is determined by the actualization in social space of information of a certain type and reader expectations. It is noted that structures under consideration are not typical for reference discourse (encyclopedias, reference books), legal discourse (codes), academic discourse, and are limitedly represented in discourses of other types.
Topographic anatomy of the esophagus after thyroidectomy
Authors: Zhirnova A. S. , Abramzon O. M. , Lyashchenko S. N.
Published: January 2025

Objective. To describe the topographic anatomy of the esophagus after thyroidectomy.
Materials and methods. The data of pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the soft tissues of the neck were studied in 61 patients operated on for multinodular colloid goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis, diffuse toxic goiter with a thyroid volume of more than 100 cm3. All the patients underwent thyroidectomy. On tomograms before the surgery, two, six and twelve months after it, the topography of the esophagus was assessed in three planes: axial, frontal and sagittal. Transverse, antero-posterior and angular disposition of the esophagus were measured quantitatively. The displacement was estimated relative to the horizontal and vertical lines drawn through the middle of the body and the anterior edge of the cervical vertebra. Skeletotopically, the section was referred to the sixth, seventh cervical vertebrae and the first thoracic one. The numerical indicators ​​obtained during the measurements were analyzed dynamically. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 6.0 program.
Results. The lumen of the esophagus in the postoperative period increased in the antero-posterior direction and shifted to the left lateral wall of the trachea. The organ took a spherical shape. In 73% of cases, the esophagus was parallel to the trachea 12 months after thyroidectomy.
Conclusion. Within a year after thyroidectomy, changes in the shape, diameter and topography of the cervical part of the esophagus occur. 12 months after thyroid removal, the anteroposterior size of the esophagus becomes six times larger in comparison with the preoperative one, it shifts to the left lateral wall of the trachea by 2.12 cm relative to the vertical axis. The results obtained can be useful for repeated surgical interventions in this area.
Contemporary prospects for the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors
Authors: Kondratieva A. R. , Khazova E. A. , Lobanova A. V. , Sorokina Yu. A. , Mosina A. A. , Zanozina O. V.
Published: January 2025

To determine contemporary prospects for the use of non-glycemic effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in comorbid patients, the analysis of existing studies was carried out.
The mechanisms of action of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors discovered during the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study which were previously unknown, encouraged further research on the use of these drugs in other pathological conditions. The authors of the article have analyzed some clinical and preclinical studies on the use of this drug group in such conditions as stroke, cancer, rheumatological diseases, and rhythm disorders, as well as their impact on the development of major adverse cardiovascular events. The effects of oxidative stress suppression in the myocardium and nervous tissue with an increase in the number of mitochondria which reduces the risk of developing rhythm disorders, improves neoangiogenesis in the focus of ischemic necrosis, and has neuroprotective effects are described in the article. In oncological diseases, gliflozins prevent proliferation of tumor cells and oncogenesis through the induction of late apoptosis and also have cardioprotective effects in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The use of these medicines reduces the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events, as well as restenosis after intravascular interventions. The positive effect on the course of rheumatological diseases was in improving laboratory parameters in a number of diseases and reducing the frequency of exacerbations and visits to a doctor in patients with gout.
With a constant increase in the number of patients with comorbid conditions, it is important to carry out further study of pleiotropic effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors for the subsequent introduction of new data into clinical practice.
New Russian Constitution
Authors: Kerimov Alexander Dzh.
Published: January 2025

The author considers the adoption of a new Constitution of Russia to be inevitable and necessary. While highly appreciating the content, potential and direction of the constitutional changes of 2020, he is meanwhile convinced that further accelerated progress in this direction is urgently required. This is due to the fact that at least four fundamental provisions of the Basic Law are subject to radical revision up to their decisive and final cancellation. This refers to Part 2 of Article 9 of the Constitution, which allows private ownership of land and other natural resources, Part 2 of Article 13, which prohibits state ideology, Article 2 which proclaims man, his rights and freedoms to be the highest value, as well as Part 1 of Article 1, which declares Russia a democratic state.
Falsification of evidence as a form of manifestation of lies in civil and arbitration proceedings
Authors: Sukhorukova Olga A.
Published: January 2025

The article considers the problem of falsification of evidence in civil and arbitration proceedings. Along with false information about the facts of the dispute, presented to the court by the parties and third parties in their explanations, intentional distortion of the circumstances of the case may also manifest itself in the form of falsification of evidence. The work substantiates the need to include both material and intellectual forgery in the concept of falsification of evidence. The emphasis on both methods of forgery is due to the standpoint of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which declares that only material forgery constitutes falsification, which seems to be an erroneous approach. Procedural response measures are also proposed in relation to persons who submit false evidence. Particular emphasis is placed on the need for an appropriate procedural response to the facts of “complicity” in falsification by representatives of persons participating in the case, up to and including the application of procedural sanctions to them and disciplinary measures against barristers.
Aspects of understanding incentives and restrictions in budget law and other branches of law
Authors: Bobkova Lilya L.
Published: January 2025

This article examines scientific concepts on the legal means of public administration, developed by scientists in various branches of Russian law and economic theory. The author defines the authentic attributes of legal means in sectoral legislation and compares them with the legal means of budget law.
Countering the financing of anti-Russian decentralized sabotage and terrorism
Authors: Kerimov Alexander  Dzh , Krasinsky Vladislav V.
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the problem of counteracting the financing of anti-Russian decentralized sabotage and terrorist activities of network structures. The authors analyze the illegal activities of founders, coordinators, sponsors, and beneficiaries of sabotage and terrorist network movements in online platforms and Internet messengers. The work provides the criminal and criminological characteristic of decentralized sabotage and terrorist activities. The article presents changes in terrorist tactics and modern mechanisms for financing sabotage and terrorist activities using cryptocurrencies, taking into account the high-tech present-day terrorism, the introduction of distributed financing mechanisms and resource provision of sabotage and terrorist activities. It also demonstrates the relationship between anti-Russian subversive and terrorist networks and Ukrainian special agencies, as well as the involvement of a number of Ukrainian financial institutions and virtual asset service providers in quasi-legal financial schemes, money laundering, and terrorist financing.
Sistemas bioelectroquímicos. Electrificando microorganismos
Authors: Mateos González Raúl
Published: January 2025

La electroquímica microbiana explora cómo los microorganismos interactúan con materiales conductores para catalizar reacciones electroquímicas, integrando áreas como ingeniería, ciencia de materiales y microbiología. Las tec- nologías emergentes incluyen las Celdas de Combustible Microbianas (MFC) y las Celdas de Electrolisis Microbiana (MEC). Las MFC generan electricidad a partir de la degradación de materia orgánica por microorganismos, mientras que las MEC, al aplicar un potencial eléctrico, generan productos químicos como hidró- geno. Además, la Electrosíntesis Microbiana (MES) utiliza biocátodos para gene- rar compuestos orgánicos a partir de carbono inorgánico. Los microorganismos exoelectrogénicos, como Geobacter y Shewanella, son clave en estos sistemas, empleando diversos mecanismos para el intercambio de electrones con superficie sólidas. Aunque hay desafíos en términos de costes y eficiencia, el potencial de estas tecnologías para la sostenibilidad medioambiental es significativo. Desde el descubrimiento de M.C. Potter sobre la generación de corriente por bacterias, el campo ha avanzado considerablemente, aunque aún enfrenta desafíos como la eficiencia y la escalabilidad industrial. Los sistemas bioelectroquímicos están llamados a ofrecer soluciones innovadoras y prometedoras para el tratamiento de residuos, la producción de bioelectricidad y la generación de productos químicos.
Biometac
Authors: Fernández Martínez Esperanza , Marqués Martínez Margarita , Prieto Aguilar Iván , Valencia Barrera Rosa María
Published: January 2025

Biometac es un grupo de innovación educativa constituido por profesorado que imparte docencia en los tres grados de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales de la Universidad de León (Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Biotecnología). A lo largo de sus diez años de existencia ha llevado a cabo ocho proyectos centrados en la metodología de trabajo Aprendizaje-Servicio, preparando a estudiantes de segundo y tercer curso de la facultad para diseñar materiales e impartir talleres destinados tanto a alumnado de enseñanza secundaria como al público general. A lo largo de estos proyectos, el trabajo conjunto entre profesorado y alumnado ha permitido desarrollar material muy diverso, publicado en formato tanto analógico como digital, y que funciona como apoyo para la enseñanza de la Biología en diversos ámbitos. Este “aprendizaje fuera del aula” no se centra solo en contenidos, sino que también busca que los estudiantes sean conscientes del papel que, como científicos y divulgadores, pueden desarrollar en la sociedad. Con esta finalidad en mente, los dos últimos proyectos se han dirigido al mundo rural, centrándose en identificar y trabajar problemáticas relacionadas con los objetivos de la Agenda 2030.
What we know about the new coronavirus infection in cancer patients
Authors: Feoktistova P. S. , Azarova E. A. , Volkova D. M. , Emelyanova A. A. , Iglamov A. K. , Igumnova A. N. , Isyangulova A. Z. , Mazhbich M. S. , Menshikov K. V. , Murzina Yu. I. , Polyakov A. A. , Saevets V.  V. , Samoilenko I. V. , Stukan A. I. , Tonenkova E.  E. , Khryashchev A. A. , Fateeva A. V. , Chebykina I. S. , Kuzmina E. S. , Fedyanin M.  Yu. , Tryakin A. A. , Karaseva V. V. , Khailenko V. A. , Zhukova L. G. , Tjulandin S.  A.
Published: January 2025

The article presents data from a retrospective study of COVID-19 outcomes in cancer patients from 24 regions of the Russian Federation.

The study included 1,055 patients who had a Coronavirus disease 2019, including 451 (42.7 %) men and 604 (57.3) women. The mean age was 58.7 years (29–90); 108 (10.2 %) patients were diagnosed with various comorbidities. 627 (59.4 %) were receiving antitumor drug therapy at the time of diagnosis of COVID-19, and 332 (31.5 %) received antitumor chemotherapy.

Most patients had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19: asymptomatic in 205 (19.4 %) patients, and mild — in 517 (49.0 %) patients. Moderate / severe COVID-19 was observed in 268 (25.4 %) patients, while severe / critical COVID-19 was diagnosed in 65 (6.2 %). 1204601776 25 (2.4 %) patients died after COVID-19. The average age of cancer patients who died was 66.3 years (31–84). Among the deceased patients, 16 (64.0 %) were women and 9 (36.0 %) were men. To determine the factors increasing the risk of death in cancer patients we performed univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions: based on the presented data, the probability of death from COVID-19 was associated with the anti-tumor therapy administered during the disease. This conclusion obliges us to stop antitumor chemotherapy during the COVID-19 disease.
Cross-sectional study of treatment approaches of luminal HER2negative metastatic breast cancer in real practice in Moscow
Authors: Zhukova L. G. , Grechukhina K. S. , Khatkova E. I. , Akopyan A. A. , Volkonskii M. V. , Kalistratova N. Yu. , Kramskaya L. V. , Krivolapova L. V. , Pokataev I. A , Romanchuk O. V. , Filippova V.  M. , Yurchenkov A. N.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The systemic therapy of patients with metastatic luminal HER2‑negative breast cancer (mBC) in‑ cludes various options, which can be fundamentally divided into endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. According to the Clinical Guidelines, both international and Russian, the “gold standard” of the 1st line therapy for patients with metastatic luminal HER2‑negative breast cancer (mBC) is a combination of cyclindependent kinase inhib‑ itors 4 / 6 (iCDK4 / 6) with endocrine therapy (ET). However, until recently we did not have complete data on the characteristics of the Russian population of patients with luminal HER2‑breast cancer, their treatment options, and the results of this therapy.

Aim: To analyze the patients’ profile and current treatment approaches for patients with luminal HER2 mBC in routine clinical practice in Moscow.

Materials and methods: The study was performed as an observational, crosssectional and retrospective study. The data of 2,500 patients from medical institutions in Moscow who received systemic therapy for luminal HER2 mBC in AugustOctober 2021 were analyzed.

Results: The largest number of patients received iCDK4 / 6 + ET in the first and second lines: 69.0 % and 52.0 %, respectively. In the first line, 54.6 % of patients received ribociclib, 43.1 % palbociclib and 2.3 % abemaciclib. In the second line, 50.6 % of patients received ribociclib, 47.8 % palbociclib and 1.6 % abemaciclib. As the pretreatment of patients increased, preference was given to other treatment methods, therefore the proportion of combined ET decreased to 34.0 % in the third line and 25.0 % in the fourth and subsequent lines.

Conclusion: The data obtained indicate that the appointment of iCDK4 / 6 + ET is made in accordance with the Clinical Guidelines for the treatment of breast cancer of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation from 2021 and the preferred firstline treatment option for patients with luminal HER2 mBC in Moscow is combined endocrine therapy.
A Conceptual and Applied Analysis of the Level 5 Leadership
Authors: Karadaş Halil , Ocak Mehtap
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to examine the conceptual perspective of Fifth Level Leadership and to investigate the leadership behaviors of principals in public schools in terms of Fifth Level Leadership. The phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The study group consisted of 26 teachers working in various branches in Mardin province in 2022-2023. The data of the research was collected through a semi-structured interview form with six questions. It was revealed that modesty and empathy, which are the characteristic features of Fifth Level Leadership, contributed to teachers' willingness to go to school. In the research, it was determined that teachers who worked with Level Five Leaders went to work happily and peacefully, and their professional self-efficacy was contributed to. According to other results reached in the research, school principals generally exhibit a profile far from Fifth Level Leadership behaviors. The principal profile that teachers want to see is a modest, knowledgeable, postgraduate educated manager who tries to understand teachers, constantly improves himself, is open to communication and cares about appearance.
E-Health Readiness Scale of Health Institutions: Development, Validity and Reliability
Authors: Gündoğdu Gülşen , Ayden Cem
Published: January 2025

The use of information and communication technologies, known as e-health, in healthcare services is increasing rapidly every day. The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool that can evaluate the readiness of health institutions for e-health applications and to test its validity and reliability. Exploratory sequential mixed method research was preferred as the research method. Within the scope of the research, primarily the qualitative research phase was conducted. At this stage, semi-structured interviews were held with eight experts in the relevant field. The data obtained from the expert interviews were transferred to the MAXQDA 2020 program and analyzed. At this stage, an item pool consisting of six sub-dimensions and 40 items regarding the e-health readiness scale of health institutions was created. As a result, the draft scale consisting of 40 items; After expert opinion and content validity stages, it was reduced to 33 items. The draft scale of e-health readiness of the discovered health institutions was applied on a suitable sample at the quantitative research stage and the reliability and construct validity of the scale was examined. Statistical analyzes were carried out using the R-Project 2021 program and lavaan 2012 package. The confidence level in the study was evaluated as 95%. As a result of these analyses, the e-health readiness scale of health institutions consists of four sub-dimensions and 25 items: acceptance and readiness for use, self-sufficiency, technology and infrastructure readiness and structural readiness.
Koruyucu Nitelikteki Ulusal Psikolojik Müdahale Programı Çalışmaları: Kapsam Belirleme Derlemesi
Authors: Çıvgın Umut
Published: January 2025

Mevcut çalışma Türkiye’de yapılmış ruh sağlığını konu edinen koruyucu-önleyici çalışmaların kapsam belirleme derlemesi olarak hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı koruyucu-önleyici psikoloji çalışmalarını tanıtmak ve bu yöndeki farkındalığı artırarak bu alandaki çalışmaların artırılmasını ve çeşitlendirilmesini sağlamaktır. 1990-2024 tarihi aralığında yayınlanmış makale, kitap, tez ve araştırma raporları incelenmiştir. Seçilen çalışmalar için YÖK Tez Merkezi, ULAKBİM TR Dizin, Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi Kitap Koleksiyonu, Web of Science ve PsycArticles veri tabanlarında “önleyici müdahale”, “koruyucu müdahale”, “psikoloji”, “psikolojik müdahale” anahtar kelimeleri ile taramalar yapılmıştır. Kapsam belirleme derlemesi yapabilmek için belirlenmiş dahil edilme kriterlerine göre 13 araştırma makalesi, 6 tez, 5 derleme makalesi, 3 araştırma raporu ve 1 kitap bölümü seçilmiştir. Çalışmalar bağımlılık, okul temelli, toplum temelli, travma ve afet psikolojisi ve sağlık psikoloji konulu koruyucu-önleyici müdahaleler olmak üzere 5 alt başlık altında toplanarak incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalar ışığında Türkiye’de koruyucu-önleyici çalışmaların diğer psikoloji çalışmalarına nazaran alanyazında daha az yer aldığı görülmektedir. Uluslararası çalışmalarda bu tip koruyucu-önleyici çalışmalar büyük fonlamalar ve geniş katılımcılar ile yapılırken, ulusal anlamda bu özellikli çalışmalar daha az sayıdadır. Ek olarak, incelenen bazı müdahalelerin yalnızca pilot çalışma niteliğinde olduğu, yapılan az sayıdaki etkililik çalışmalarının ise katılımcısının az olduğu ve uyarlanan/geliştirilen müdahalelerin çok daha fazla yaygınlaştırılmasına ihtiyaç olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Dede Korkut Anlatılarında Soy Bozulması Motifi: Oğuz Tepegözü Örneği
Authors: Kaval Yılmaz
Published: January 2025

Doğayı, evreni, Tanrı’yı ve kendini anlama ve anlamlandırma arayışında, insanlara uzun bir süre boyunca rehberlik eden mitik anlatılar, bilinmez bir dünyanın gizemini çözen şifreler niteliğindedir. Mitik anlatıların en çarpıcı içeriklerinden biri de insan ve göğe ait olağanüstü türler arasındaki ilişkilerin getirdiği soy (gen) saflığının bozulması ve bunun sonucunda oluşan varlıklar ile bunun dehşet verici sonuçlarıdır. Uyumlu olmayan genlerin birbirine karışması ile insanın yaşam alanına uygun olmayan tür ve varlıkların ortaya çıkmasına dair anlatılar kutsal kitaplarda ve çeşitli milletlerin mitlerinde yer almaktadır. Dünyanın farklı toplumlarının kültür ve inanç dünyasında dikkat çeken bu anlatının benzeri, Türk kültüründe de yer almaktadır. Türk edebiyatının en önemli eserlerinden biri olan Dede Korkut hikâyeleri bu anlamda bize değerli bir örnek vermektedir. Söz konusu hikâyelerde yer alan “Basat’ın Depegözi Öldürdüği Boy” başlıklı anlatıda, göksel varlıklardan peri kızı ile Oğuzların çobanının ilişkisi sonucunda doğan “Tepegöz” adında bir ara türden bahsedilir. Söz konusu anlatıda, genetik olarak uyumsuz bu iki türe ait genlerin birleşmesi sonucu doğan Tepegöz’ün insanlara çok büyük eziyetler çektirdiği, onların yaşam kaynaklarını tüketip ardından insanlarla beslenen bir yamyama dönüştüğüne dair çarpıcı bilgilere yer verilir.
Türkiye’nin Kimyasal Madde İthalatının Gelecek Tahmini: Makine Öğrenmesi ve Topluluk Öğrenme Yöntemleri Performans Analizi
Authors: Eşidir Kamil Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin kimyasal madde ithalatının gelecekteki değerlerini tahmin etmek amacıyla makine öğrenmesi ve topluluk öğrenme yöntemlerinin performansını değerlendirmektedir. Doğrusal Regresyon, Rastgele Orman, Rasyonel Kuadratik Regresyon, Destek Vektör Makinesi ve XGBoost modelleri kullanılmıştır. Veriler, TÜİK ve TCMB gibi güvenilir kaynaklardan elde edilmiştir. Makroekonomik değişkenler arasında Türkiye İthalatı, Kimyasallar ve Kimyasal Ürünler Üretim Endeksi, Aylık Ortalama Dolar Kuru, İmalat Sanayi Üretim Endeksi, Petrol Varil Fiyatları ve Kimyasal Madde İhracatı yer almaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, XGBoost modeli en yüksek doğruluk ve genelleme yeteneğine sahiptir. Model, eğitim, test ve çapraz doğrulama setlerinde en düşük hata oranları ve en yüksek R² değerleri ile başarılı performans göstermiştir. SHAP analizi, Türkiye İthalatı ve Kimyasallar Üretim Endeksi değişkenlerinin en yüksek etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. XGBoost modeli ile yapılan projeksiyonlar, Türkiye'nin kimyasal madde ithalatının gelecekteki seyrine dair önemli bilgiler sunmakta, ekonomik planlama ve ticari stratejiler için kritik öneme sahiptir. Modelin yeteneği, politika yapıcılar ve iş dünyası için stratejik kararları kolaylaştırmaktadır.
Elazığ Halkevinin Açılışı ve 1934-1937 Yılları Arasında Yürüttüğü Faaliyetler
Authors: Özbay Burcu
Published: January 2025

Cumhuriyetin kuruluşunun ardından ülkenin çağdaş medeniyet seviyesine çıkartılabilmesi adına ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel alanlarda pek çok adım atıldı. Bu adımların kalıcı olabilmesi ve nesilden nesle aktarılabilmesi için ise halk tarafından da benimsenmesi gerekiyordu. Dolayısıyla devlet bir yandan inkılapları hayata geçirmeye çalışırken bir yandan da topyekûn bir eğitim seferberliği başlatacaktı. Böylelikle diğer ülkelerdeki örnekler de incelenerek oluşturulan halkevleri 1932 yılından itibaren yurdun dört bir yanında faaliyete geçmeye başladı. Kuruldukları vilayetlerde önemli hizmetler ortaya koymaya başlayan kurumun bir şubesi de 1934 yılında Elazığ’da açıldı. Elazığ, 1936 yılında Dördüncü Umumi Müfettişliğin kurulması ile birlikte müfettişlik bölgesi içerisinde yer aldı ve Elazığ Halkevi, hem müfettişlik bölgesinde hem de yurt genelinde ortaya koymuş olduğu çalışmalar ile birlikte ön plana çıkmayı başardı. Bu çalışmada; Elazığ Halkevi’nin açılış süreci, 1934-1937 yılları arasında yürütmüş olduğu faaliyetler ve halkevinin vilayetin sosyal ve kültürel gelişimine olan katkıları incelenmiştir.
Study of compliance of depot medroxy progesterone acetate in contraception in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kaushal Nandita , Shirodker S. D. , Mukherjee Ananya , Kokne Manish
Published: January 2025

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the compliance and continuity of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) as a contraceptive method and assess its side effects among women at a tertiary care institution.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynecology department of a metropolitan teaching hospital, including 45 women aged 20-45 seeking temporary contraception with DMPA.
Results: The majority of participants were aged 25-30 years (40%) and had a parity of two (44.4%). All participants received at least one dose, with 75.5% receiving a second dose and 42.2% completing three doses. Side effects following the first dose were observed in 24.3% of women, mainly irregular bleeding (11.1%), along with amenorrhea, weight gain, and headaches (4.4% each). Adverse effects increased to 50% in the second dose, with irregular bleeding affecting 26.4%, and 47.4% reported side effects after the third dose, primarily weight gain (21.1%) and amenorrhea (15.7%). The timing of administration showed that 36% of participants received DMPA post-abortion, 31.1% post-menstrual, and 27% transitioned from other contraceptives. Side effects peaked with the second dose, while the continuity rate declined from 75.5% after the first dose to 39% after the third.
Conclusions: Despite side effects contributing to decreased continuity, DMPA remains a viable contraceptive option with proper counselling and follow-up. Further research is recommended to explore outcomes in women continuing beyond three doses for better insights into long-term compliance and side-effect management.
Incidence of deep vein thrombosis following oral and maxillofacial surgery: a systematic review of reported cases and risk factors
Authors: Alodaib Widad , Fatani Bader , Alatyan Muzun
Published: January 2025

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common and serious complication after surgery which can lead to significant health deterioration. VTE includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Around 30 to 50% of DVT cases are symptomless, leading to possible underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. This oversight can cause severe complications like acute pulmonary embolism and even death, along with chronic issues like post-thrombotic syndrome. DVT post-oral and maxillofacial surgery is uncommon, with few studies on its occurrence. This systematic review assesses published papers on DVT incidence after oral and maxillofacial surgery.
The role of SGLT2 inhibitors in protecting cardiovascular health: beyond glycaemic control
Authors: Abed Alharbi Samar , Alsubaiei Amal Ahmad , Alkhalifah Ali Hussain , Alshehri Abdulrahman Abdulaziz , Alhaggas Shoog Soliman , Alhuthli Shahad Marwan , Alfaqih Yousef Hassan , Alnajjar Wed Ziyad , Alshaban Ghaida Abdulla , Ahmed Mahmood Sameer , Alqarni Abdulkarem Sarhan
Published: January 2025

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, also known as Gliflozins, are a class of anti-diabetic medications initially developed for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM patients are at a significantly higher risk of adverse outcomes, including heart failure, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and renal diseases. Unlike traditional hypoglycemic agents, SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated notable cardiovascular benefits. Four SGLT2 inhibitors-Canagliflozin, Empagliflozin, Ertugliflozin, and Dapagliflozin—are currently approved by regulatory agencies such as the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, extending their therapeutic potential beyond glycemic control. The renal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors contribute to cardiovascular outcomes, including reductions in albuminuria and slowing of chronic kidney disease progression. This review explores the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular health in diabetic and non-diabetic populations, highlighting their ability to reduce renal and cardiovascular risks. Current evidence underscores their transformative role in managing T2DM and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, these findings pave the way for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies targeting diabetes and cardiovascular comorbidities. Additional research is needed to better understand the potential benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in non-diabetic individuals.
Political and Legal Prerequisites for Formation of the Institute of the Jural State in Russia in the 90th Years of the 20th Century
Authors:   Saratov State University, Vestov F. A.
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the preparatory stages of the new 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. Some aspects of political and legal ideas of various groups of population about the new Constitution and its role in the formation of the Jural State in Russia are covered. The role of the Russian President in preparation and adoption of the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation is discussed.
Problem of Legal Qualification of Offences Revealed by Extraordinary Committee of Investigation of Temporary Government in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Imperial Russia
Authors:   Saratov State University, Varfolomeev Y. V.
Published: January 2025

In the article is considered the problem of legal qualification of offences in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of imperial Russia, revealed by Extraordinary Committee of investigation of Temporary Government is investigated. The commission the decision to involve heads of Department of police of the Ministries of Internal Affairs responsible for the organization provocation of activity, as for malfeasance – excess of authority was accepted.