bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turning a polystyrene microsphere into a multimode light source by laser irradiation
Authors: Liu Shimei , Tie Shaolong , Chen Jingdong , Li Guangcan , Yang Jiaxin , Lan Sheng
Published: October 2022

Polystyrene (PS) is generally considered as a passive optical material that is transparent to light with wavelengths longer than 300 nm. In practice, PS micro- and nanospheres with uniform sizes are usually used to build photonic crystals based on self-assembly mechanism. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that PS microspheres supporting whispery gallery modes can be transformed into multimode light sources by laser irradiation. We show that a PS microsphere placed on a silica substrate can be lighted up when it is consecutively irradiated by using a 488-nm continuous wave laser beam with a pumping power above a threshold. Broadband luminescence emitted from the PS microsphere increases rapidly to a maximum value and decreases gradually with increasing irradiation time, implying the generation and degradation of a certain luminescent material upon laser irradiation. However, the PS microsphere is found to be damaged by high temperature based on morphology examination. By replacing the silica substrate with a thin silver film, the threshold laser power for lighting up a PS microsphere is dramatically reduced. More importantly, we can see enhanced luminescence intensities from the whispery gallery modes supported by the PS microsphere, which becomes an efficient multimode light source. Interestingly, the threshold laser power can be further lowered by inserting a molybdenum disulfide monolayer in between the PS microsphere and the silver film. As a result, the PS microsphere remains nearly unchanged except the formation of the luminescence material. Our findings open a new horizon for the interaction of polymer with laser light by exploiting the optical resonances supported by micro- and nanoparticles and pave the way for constructing photonic devices based on laser-induced luminescent materials in polymers.
Effect of freeze–thaw cycles on deformation properties of deep foundation pit supported by pile-anchor in Harbin
Authors: Cui Gaohang , Ma Shuxian , Liu Zhiqiang , Liu Shouhua , Xi Chen , Cheng Zhuo
Published: October 2022

In the course of the construction of deep foundation pits during the winter in seasonally frozen areas, the pit wall soil is often unstable due to frost heave and thawing settlement, which leads to hidden safety hazards in engineering construction. Based on the analysis of the deformation data of a pile-anchor supporting a deep foundation pit in Harbin obtained from monitoring during the winter, the influence of freezing and thawing cycles was investigated. The results show that the horizontal displacement in the middle of the shallow layer of the foundation pit is significantly larger than that on both sides during the freeze–thaw cycles, and the spatial effect becomes noticeable. The stress concentration at the external corner of the foundation pit, coupled with the effects of atmospheric precipitation and freeze–thaw cycles, led to the maximum growth rate of horizontal displacement up to 1.40 mm·day−1. The external corner effect is evident from 1 m in the shallow layer of the pit to the depth H/2 of the foundation pit. The support scheme is generally feasible, and we can appropriately enhance the support of the shallow layer of the foundation pit during the freeze–thaw cycles. For similar projects experiencing freeze–thaw cycles, the safety reserve can be appropriately enhanced when carrying out support design.
Distribution Features and Potential Effects of Serotonin in the Cerebrum of SOD1 G93A Transgenic Mice
Authors: He Pei , He Binjun , Li Shu , Chai Wen , Rao Wei , Zhu Yu , Chen Wenzhi , Zhang Ping , Zhang Xiong , Pan Haili , Xu Renshi
Published: October 2022

Serotonin (5-HT) participates in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but its effects have not been completely clarified. Therefore, we observed the distribution features and potential effects of 5-HT in the cerebrum of G93A SOD1 transgenic (TG) and wild-type (WT) mice by fluorescence immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, ELISA, as well as motor function measurements. Both 5-HT and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) were mainly present in the limbic systems of the cerebrum, such as the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, nucleus accumbens, cingulate, fimbria of the hippocampus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, habenular nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamus nucleus, lateral hypothalamus area, dorsal raphe nucleus, and piriform cortex. TPH2 and 5-HT were expressed in cell bodies in the dorsal raphe nucleus and piriform cortex, while in other regions they were distributed as filaments and clump shapes in axons. The TPH2 distribution in the cerebrum of TG was significantly lower than that in WT in preset, onset, and progression stages. TPH2 expression in the fimbria of the hippocampus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, habenular nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamus nucleus and lateral hypothalamus area was increased in the onset stage and decreased in the progression stage, gradually decreased in the cingulate with disease progression and significantly decreased in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb and nucleus accumbens in the onset stage in TG. The number of mammalian achaete-scute homolog-1 in the subventricular zone (SVZ) in TG was significantly lower than that in WT, which was correlated with the TPH2 distribution. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that TPH2, mammalian achaete-scute homolog-1 and 5-HT were mainly expressed in neurons but rarely expressed in microglia or astrocytes in the piriform cortex. The relative fluorescence density of TPH2 in the cingulate region was negatively correlated with the disease severity. Our findings suggest that 5-HT plays a protective role in ALS, likely by regulating neural stem cells in the subventricular zone that might be involved in neuron development in the piriform cortex.
Papillary follicular variant thyroid cancer in a malignant struma ovarii: a report of a rare case
Authors: Elshafie Omayma , Hussein Samir , Al Kalbani Moza , Al Hamadani Aisha , Bou Khalil Abir , Woodhouse Nicholas
Published: October 2022

A 33-year-old female presented in 2013 with left flank pain. Ultrasound and MRI pelvis showed a complex mass 9 × 7 cm arising from the left ovary suggestive of ovarian torsion. She underwent a laparoscopic cystectomy, but the patient was lost to follow-up. Three years later, she presented with abdominal distension. Ultrasound and CT scan revealed a solid left ovarian mass with ascites and multiple peritoneal metastasis. Investigations showed elevated CA 125, CA 19-9. Ovarian malignancy was suspected. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy on November 2016. The histopathology confirmed a well-differentiated thyroid cancer of ovarian origin with features of a papillary follicular variant without evidence of ovarian cancer and the thyroglobulin (Tg) level was elevated, more than 400 consistent with the diagnosis of malignant struma ovarii. The follow-up post-surgery showed normalization of CA 125, CA 19-9 and Tg. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy on January 2017. The histology was benign excluding thyroid cancer metastases to the ovary. She was started on thyroxine suppression, following which she received two ablation doses 131iodine (131I) each 5.3 GBq. The Tg remains slightly elevated at less than 10. 131I WBS showed no residual neck uptake and no distant avid metastasis. She was planned for molecular analysis which may indicate disease severity. We describe a case of malignant struma ovarii with widespread metastatic dissemination and a good response to surgery and 131I treatment without recurrence after 5 years of follow-up. The Tg remains slightly elevated indicating minimal stable residual disease.

Learning points

Malignant struma ovarii is a rare disease; diagnosis is difficult and management is not well defined.

Presentation may mimic advanced carcinoma of the ovary.

Predominant sites of metastasis are adjacent pelvic structures.

Thyroidectomy and 131iodine therapy should be considered. The management should be similar to that of metastatic thyroid cancer.
An Analysis of Current Research on Computer-Assisted L2 Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Bahari Akbar , Eamer Allyson , Hughes Janette
Published: October 2022

The use of educational technologies to teach a second language (L2) in general, and L2 vocabulary in particular, has mass appeal among computer-assisted language learning (CALL) practitioners. The main objective of the present study is to report the challenges and affordances of technologies used for computerassisted vocabulary learning (CAVL), as described in current literature. A systematic review was conducted, and the results were visualized in a hierarchical data model. Following a rigorous screening process, 97 peer-reviewed articles published from 2014 to 2020 were selected from major related databases. Theoretically, the findings inform researchers about the reported limitations and advantages of computer-assisted L2 vocabulary learning and serve as a road map for future research directions. Pedagogically, the findings provide L2 teachers with an instruction manual to inform their practice, allowing them to benefit from the reported affordances of CAVL and take measures to address the reported challenges.
Quizlet
Authors: Sippel Lieselotte
Published: October 2022

Producer DetailsQuizlet501 2nd Street, Suite 500San Francisco, CA 94107privacy@quizlet.comwww.quizlet.com
Mobile Assisted Language Learning Across Educational Contexts. Edited by Valentina Morgana and Agnes Kukulska-Hulme
Authors: Al Khateeb Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Mobile Assisted Language Learning Across Educational ContextsEdited by Valentina Morgana and Agnes Kukulska-HulmeNew York: RoutledgeUS $35.99ISBN 9780367714093 (Hardback)152 pages2021
Effect of Texting on Spanish Learners’ Vocabulary Acquisition and Motivation
Authors: Lye Lori
Published: October 2022

While mobile devices have become increasingly integral to students’ lives, there is an apparent disconnect between this trend and our second language (L2) pedagogy. The present study investigates potential benefits of a nontraditional assignment, texting, on vocabulary acquisition and motivation in adult learners of Spanish. Quantitative results support the idea that nontraditional writing tasks can provide a beneficial supplement to traditional classroom instruction, offering a place for peer-to-peer interaction, which has been shown to increase learners’ vocabulary and potentially motivation. Future research regarding the use of texting in language learning, and the extent to which it could replace traditional writing assignments, is undoubtedly warranted.
Towards a Renewed Definition of Shamanism
Authors: Botta Sergio
Published: October 2022

The present reply offers some reflections on Leonardo Ambasciano’s commentary entitled Shamanism Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow and included in this same issue of Journal of Cognitive Historiography. A particular point of contention is represented by the potential contribution that a post-structural approach could offer to a scientific re-description of shamanism as an analytical category in the contemporary academic field of Religious Studies.
Mythohistory in Light of How Memory Works
Authors: Barber Elizabeth Wayland , Barber Paul T.
Published: October 2022

“Myths” did not start as quaint stories but as compellingly memorable devices to record events and observations in nonliterate societies. By understanding how people encoded information so as to maximize their brains’ abilities to remember, we can begin to extract at least some historical information from these inherited tales. But not all oral tradition is directly useful to historians because not all the information thus recorded is of events, and the clarity of the events diminishes radically as the lifestyle and especially the location of the storytellers change.
Some Remarks on Whitehouse et al. (2019), “Complex Societies Precede Moralizing Gods throughout World History”
Authors: Naether Franziska
Published: October 2022

This contribution reviews the methods behind historical data-gathering and data-coding in the Seshat Databank and the results illustrated in Whitehouse et al.’s (2019) “Complex Societies Precede Moralizing Gods throughout World History.” Particular emphasis is placed on data from Ancient Egypt and Roman periods. Critical reflections on the moralizing gods debate are also presented. The conclusions call for more integration between already existing projects within the Digital Humanities and warn researchers of the pitfalls of inattentive historical and qualitative analysis in Big Data scholarship.
Del canon bíblico a la vida cristiana
Authors: Venard Olivier-Thomas
Published: October 2022

El artículo describe el proceso de formación del canon cristiano que no nace de una disposición disciplinar sino de una dinámica del judaísmo que siguen los primeros discípulos de Jesús. Las Escrituras de Israel son leídas por Jesús y sus discípulos como anuncio de los acontecimientos de su vida, que señalan el cumplimiento de tales escrituras. Esto se hace con la luz del Espíritu Santo y quizás en contexto litúrgico. Después, la Escritura que forma el canon, por su misma cualidad de ser Escritura, se hace palabra viva en las diversas prácticas eclesiales de actualización: la liturgia, la lectio divina, etc.
Sacerdocio y apostolicidad. Notas sobre el ministerio en Joseph Ratzinger
Authors: Blanco Pablo
Published: October 2022

En el presente artículo se ofrecen algunas reflexiones sobre el primado y la colegialidad y, por tanto, de la sinodalidad. El teólogo alemán recuerda las simultáneas dimensiones vertical y horizontal –teológica y sociológica– en la Iglesia. Junto a las irrenunciables apostolicidad y episcopalidad, analiza Ratzinger las también esenciales instancias de la catolicidad y del ministerio petrino. Manifiesta asimismo Ratzinger la necesidad de la palabra, los sacramentos y el ministerio para la constitución de la Iglesia. A su vez, relaciona el sacerdocio ministerial con el concepto de sacrificio. En fin, establece la continuidad entre Cristo, los apóstoles y sus sucesores y los presbíteros, por lo que se recuerda la dimensión ontológica-sacramental del orden sacerdotal, prioritario sobre la funcional.
Experiencia, empatía y conversión: una teología de la música como epifanía del Misterio
Authors: Piqué i Collado, OSB Jordi-Agustí
Published: October 2022

En nuestro entorno cultural, la pregunta religiosa actual se formula en términos de «¿cómo decir Dios?». Esta búsqueda se concreta privilegiadamente en el ámbito de la experiencia estética. En este horizonte, el autor ensaya elaborar una teología de la música como epifanía del Misterio partiendo de la experiencia, la empatía y la conversión. Se subraya la presencia de compositores que interpretan hermenéuticamente la Palabra llevándola a una comprensión empática y que va más allá de cualquier explicación. A la hora de decir una palabra sobre el Inefable y sobre el misterio de su comunicabilidad, los teólogos pueden ser sensibles a los lenguajes meta-lingüísticos, como la música y la percepción estética. En ellos pueden encontrar un camino de comunicación de la percepción estética del Misterio del Dios que se revela.
Las Iglesias orientales católicas y ortodoxas en las enseñanzas del Vaticano II
Authors: Blanco Pablo
Published: October 2022

En estas líneas, nos referiremos tanto a aquellas Iglesias que mantienen una plena comunión con la Sede apostólica (Iglesias católico-orientales u orientales católicas), como aquellas que se encuentran separadas (Iglesias ortodoxas). Abordaremos también el patrimonio espiritual y litúrgico de estas Iglesias particulares, los conceptos de «rito», «Patriarcado» e «Iglesia sui iuris», las disposiciones litúrgicas propias y su relación con las Iglesias ortodoxas (en especial, las indicaciones conciliares en lo que se refiere a la communicatio in sacris con las Iglesias orientales católicas y ortodoxas), tal como lo exponen el Decreto Orientalium Ecclesiarum (1964) y otros documentos conciliares.
Система управління розвитком ринку продукції птахівництва
Authors: Ніколюк О. В. , Савченко Т. В. , Бордун Т. В.
Published: October 2022

Стаття присвячена оцінці стану функціонування ринку продукції птахівництва в Україні та обґрунту-ванню стратегічних векторів щодо розвитку. Ідентифіковано, що не стабільний стан соціально-економічного розвитку України, низький рівень щодо концентрації капіталу в сільському господарстві,диспаритет цін між продукцією птахівництва та промисловості і його наслідки зумовили значні про-блеми у функціонуванні ринку продукції птахівництва. Обґрунтована необхідність формування системиуправління розвитком ринку продукції птахівництва. Доведено необхідність вдосконалення концептуальногобазису стратегічного управління розвитком ринку продукції птахівництва в частині обґрунтування траєкторіїдля переходу від ресурсної моделі функціонування галузі до інноваційно орієнтованої. Актуалізовано пи-тання інтеграції просвітницької діяльності у виробничі процеси щодо доступних економічно ефектив-них технологій, які можна використовувати для підвищення продуктивності та зменшення наванта-ження на фермерів.
PRENSA Intoxicación accidental por monensina sódica en un hato lechero al norte de México PRENSA
Authors: Espinosa García Levi Norberto , Carrillo Moreno Dalia Ivette , Gaytán Alemán Leticia , Veliz Deras Francisco Gerardo , Morán Martínez Javier , Delgado González Ramón Alfredo
Published: October 2022

La monensina sódica se utiliza en bovinos para aumentar la eficiencia alimenticia. Sin embargo, es fácil que se produzcan intoxicaciones por sobredosificación. El objetivo de este trabajo es informar sobre un caso de intoxicación accidental por monensina sódica en un sistema de producción láctea intensiva del norte de México. En este reporte, 306 animales Holstein-Friesian de cinco meses de edad fueron alimentados accidentalmente con una ración que contenía una alta concentración de monensina sódica. Estos animales presentaron signos de diarrea, depresión, anorexia, ataxia, disnea, sialorrea, taquicardia, distensión yugular, atonía ruminal, edema y deshidratación. En el análisis bioquímico se encontró alta actividad sérica de creatinfosfoquinasa. De los animales intoxicados, murieron 82 (26.79 % de mortalidad). Se practicaron nueve necropsias donde encontraron miopatía degenerativa con áreas blanquecinas multifocales en corazón, hidrotórax, hidropericardio, congestión y edema pulmonar. La evaluación histopatológica reveló que el 100 % presentó algún tipo de miocarditis supurativa, o no supurativa, con degeneración de fibras miocárdicas. En hígado se encontró hepatitis supurativa y necrótica. Otros hallazgos importantes fueron, bronconeumonía fibrinosa, supurativa o fibrinopurulenta con pleuritis fibrinosa y vasculitis necrótica. El 55.55 % mostró arteritis fibrinoide y 55.55 % congestión y edema pulmonar. Se suspendió la dieta y se trataron los signos; no se registraron más muertes. Con base en estos hallazgos se concluyó con la presentación de un caso de intoxicación por monensina sódica en becerras.
Comparative settlement response of soft clays reinforced with granular columns under widespread loads
Authors: Sivakumar Vinayagamoothy , Solan Brian , Moorhead Catherine , Serridge Colin J. , Tripathy Snehasis , Donohue Shane
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the consolidation and settlement behaviour of soft clay deposits treated with granular columns (single and in groups). Two Rowe cell loading chambers were used to conduct the investigations on samples of kaolin and a local Belfast natural estuarine alluvium called ‘sleech’. Tests were carried out on unreinforced samples and then reinforced samples with single and multiple column configurations. The test duration for each test was between 3 and 4 months, depending on the test material and the granular column configuration. The settlement reduction factors based on primary and secondary consolidation were examined. The study suggests that the effectiveness of granular columns at mitigating primary and/or secondary settlement is directly related to the loading intensity, the stress history and the creep characteristics of the subsoil. It was also found that the stress concentration ratio reduced with the stress level. Secondary consolidation also has some effects on the stress concentration ratio.
Toothbrushing habits in people with and without autism spectrum disorder: A Review.
Authors:   Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Concepción, Chile., Poblete-Vergara Javiera , Miranda-Maureira Javiera ,   Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Concepción, Chile, Mirtala Orellana Lorena ,   Departamento de Prevención y Salud Pública Odontológica Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
Published: October 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and highly heterogeneous disorder, which affects social communication and behavior, with the presence of repetitive and restricted behaviors and interests.1 Many authors agree that oral hygiene in people with ASD is deficient, with a higher oral hygiene index than in people without ASD2-4 mainly due to the multiple sensory alterations, lack of manual dexterity, the consumption of snacks between meals,1,5 the presence of hypotonia of the perioral muscles6 and a negative behavior towards dental care.7 Therefore, the general characteristics of people with ASD could lead to a series of problems in the health and oral hygiene of these patients, so it is necessary for dentists to know the oral hygiene habits that people with ASD may have, especially toothbrushing habits, which can contribute to worsening oral hygiene in these patients, increasing the risk of tooth decay and periodontal disease. This review aims to compare oral brushing habits among people with and without ASD reported in the literature, since brushing is a basic element of great importance for the maintenance of optimal oral hygiene.
Policing for impact: Is South Africa ready for Evidence-Based Policing?
Authors: Newham Gareth , Rappert Brian
Published: October 2022

The prospect that research can improve the impact of policing operations and internal organisational efficiencies has been a source of promise and frustration for decades. Â It may seem obvious to many that research should be able to assist with better policing strategies and tactics by providing evidence as to what does or does not work. Realizing this potential, however, it is not straightforward. The complexities of applying scientific research methods to what is often the messy business of policing often does not result in clear or consistent findings. This article reflects on Evidence-Based Policing (EBP) and its challenges in relation to the establishment of the South African Police Service’s (SAPS) first ever National Research Division.
The third time a charm? Traditional Courts Bill 2017
Authors: Osman Fatima
Published: October 2022

This article discusses the latest version of the Traditional Courts Bill introduced by Parliament in 2017. It examines several fundamental objections to previous versions of the Bill to explain the progress that has thus far been made. In a much-welcomed improvement, the 2017 Bill provides a mechanism for individuals to opt out of the traditional justice system. Nonetheless, the recognition of the old apartheid homeland boundaries is perpetuated, as only courts convened by a traditional leader, whose power and jurisdiction are based on the old tribal boundaries, are recognised. A notable change is that there are no longer appeals to the magistrates’ courts. Parties may appeal a decision to a higher customary court or apply for a review of a decision to the high court. This calls into question the accessibility and affordability of appeals, and essentially locks people into the traditional justice system after the commencement of proceedings. The bar on legal representation continues under the 2017 Bill, which remains objectionable given that traditional courts may still deal with criminal matters. However, the powers of traditional courts in granting sanctions have been significantly circumscribed and regulated. Thus, while the 2017 Bill represents a significant development of previous versions of the Bill, there is still room for improvement.
Ncedo Ntsasa Mngqibisa and Guy Lamb
Authors: Moult Kelley
Published: October 2022

As anyone with empirical fieldwork experience knows, even best laid data collection plans rarely go off without a hitch. There is often rich learning from these challenges, although we seldom reflect on them in the literature.   This interview asks UCT’s Safety and Violence Initiative (SaVI) Director, Guy Lamb, and Study Coordinator Ncedo Ntsasa Mnquibisa about their experiences carrying out the Gugulethu component of a randomised household survey project that took place in Gugulethu and Manenberg in Cape Town in 2017. Young people between the ages of 12 and 18 years old, and one of their caregivers, were interviewed using a detailed (structured) questionnaire. This project was a partnership between SaVI, Amandla EduFootball and Dr Ian Edelstein (who was based at the Human Sciences Research Council), which focused on youth resilience, deviance and development. The project was funded by the Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport in the Western Cape Provincial Government.
Editorial: Governance and justice - Southern edition
Authors: Moult Kelley
Published: October 2022

Editorial for June 2018.
A missing link in the Traditional Courts Bill 2017: Evidence obtained through human rights violations
Authors: Nanima Robert Doya
Published: October 2022

The issue of admission of evidence obtained through human rights violations is central to a criminal justice system as a mechanism through which to prevent overzealous prosecution by the state and ensure protection of human rights. As such, any court that deals with criminal cases has to evaluate evidence before it is admitted. This article argues that the Traditional Courts Bill (TCB)1 does not provide for a mode of dealing with evidence obtained as a result of human rights violations. To substantiate this argument, the article reviews the current Bill, and reflects on the challenges that arise with regard to evidence obtained in this way. The article contextualises section 35(5) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, and discusses the practical difficulties of applying it under the current Bill. The article concludes with recommendations for measures that can ensure that accused persons are not prejudiced when appearing before the court.
Editorial: Hard questions, big challenges
Authors: Moult Kelley , Jefthas Diane
Published: October 2022

Editorial September 2018
Decolonising prisons in South Africa: The need for effective bail affordability inquiries
Authors: Mokoena Untalimile Crystal Amenda , Lubaale Emma Charlene
Published: October 2022

Prisons have been a major player in all countries with a history of tyrannical regimes, as people who attempted to resist repression frequently found themselves detained in prisons. Many countries have adopted democratic government, underscored by equality of all people before the law. Many states – South Africa among them – continue to make reforms to address these past injustices, and, as part of this shift, prisons across continents are attempting to decolonise. This article questions whether South Africa can decolonise its prisons, given that the country’s poor are at a higher risk of detention because they are not able to afford bail. The article focuses on the concept of cashless bail and argues that, given South Africa’s history of marginalisation and income inequality, this model can be one mechanism through which to address past injustices with a view to decolonising the country’s prisons. The article makes a strong case for the effective implementation of provisions on inquiry on affordability of cash bail as one of the means to achieve this end.
Drugged driving in South Africa: An urgent need for review and reform
Authors: Liebenberg Jade , Du Toit-Prinsloo Lorraine , Saayman Gert , Steenkamp Vanessa
Published: October 2022

Driving under the influence is a major threat to road safety in South Africa. Various psychoactive substances (both licit and illicit) have the potential to adversely affect driving performance and increase the probability of a road traffic accident. While it is common practice in South Africa to test drivers for alcohol levels, testing for additional impairing substances (including drugs of abuse) is rarely performed. In terms of current South African legislation, only driving under the influence of alcohol and a ‘drug having a “narcotic” effect’ is prohibited. This excludes several impairing psychoactive drugs which are not classified as narcotic substances. The aim of this article is to highlight issues and/or limitations surrounding drugged driving and to propose appropriate considerations for revision of the National Road Traffic Act. We also recommend revising existing legislation to include a comprehensive statutory definition and detailed provisions for drug testing to deter impaired driving.
Complex network reveals the spatiotemporal pattern of summer extreme precipitation in Eastern China
Authors: Aidi Zhang , Han Zhang , Meng Gao , Xinyi Wang
Published: October 2022

In this study, complex networks were constructed based on the synchronization of summer extreme precipitation events (SEPEs) in eastern China. Then, a detailed analysis of spatiotemporal patterns of SEPEs and the relationship between SEPEs in eastern China with the eastern Asian monsoon was presented. The results showed that (1) the event synchronization is low in the coastal region but high in the inland region; (2) the intensity of the monsoon varies at different phases of summer and the area and intensity of the monsoon's influence on the summer extreme rainfall events were different. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights to reveal the influence of monsoon strength on SEPEs in different regions of China.
Current issues of medical and social expertise of children with diseases of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Adrianov Andrey V. , Kolcheva Julia A. , Nepomnyashchaya Svetlana A.
Published: October 2022

The use of International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) are proposed for objective evaluation of impaired functions. A set of significant clinical and functional factors was identified. The study presents an example of the new disability criteria for children with cardiovascular diseases.
To determine the main directions for improving the organizational, legal, and methodological approaches to the establishment of disability in children in the Russian Federation.
Data from the state statistics (Rosstat and Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation), current Russian legal documents, provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, ICF biopsychosocial concept of disability, methodological and information materials, experience of federal institutions of medical and social expertise in the Russian Federation were analyzed regarding the disability in children.
The use of ICD-10 and ICF was proposed for the objective evaluation of impaired functions. A set of significant clinical and functional factors was identified. An example of new disability criteria for children with cardiovascular disease was presented.
To eliminate information barriers in medical and public organizations, among parents, and other interested parties, systematic work information is needed to disseminate knowledge about methodological, organizational, and methodological approaches to establishing disability in children.
GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA E A LEGISLAÇÃO EDUCACIONAL MUNICIPAL: UM ESTUDO DESCRITIVO SOBRE A CIDADE DE LINS/SP
Authors: Guidetti Patrícia Crema Violato , Constantino Paulo Roberto Prado
Published: October 2022

Pretendeu-se analisar a legislação educacional do município de Lins, São Paulo, contemplando aspectos e princípios da gestão democrática em uma rede municipal. Primeiramente, realizamos uma contextualização histórica do município em relação a política educacional do país. Paralelamente, identificamos como foi institucionalizada a educação municipal. Por meio de pesquisa documental, de natureza descritiva, procurou-se identificar os princípios democráticos de gestão escolar nos textos legais em vigência. O estudo pode colaborar com o município de Lins, fazendo um retrospecto das ações já realizadas no processo de fortalecimento da gestão das unidades e do sistema local; mas também permitiu reflexões que poderão nortear uma efetiva democratização educacional em outros municípios, com o apoio dos mecanismos de participação organizada da sociedade.
A PARRESÍA EM SALA DE AULA: UMA REBELDIA POSSÍVEL E NECESSÁRIA
Authors: Malta Gabriel Nogueira , Tamayo Carolina
Published: October 2022

Este artigo parte de uma reflexão provocada pelo curso de verão “A Coragem da Verdade” promovido pela Faculdade de Educação da Unicamp. Neste trabalho pretende-se partir do conceito de parresía, do dizer-a-verdade, que Michel Foucault tratou em seu último curso no Collège de France e da educação dialógica defendida por Paulo Freire, para analisar a participação em sala de aula por estudantes de graduação do curso de Bacharelado em Matemática da Unicamp. Foram recebidos depoimentos de bacharelandos em matemática sobre suas percepções em sala de aula e com base em tais depoimentos e nos trabalhos de Foucault e de Freire pretende-se uma análise qualitativa que contribua para a compreensão das limitações da participação estudantil no seu próprio processo de aprendizagem.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL ATÉ O ANO DE 2006
Authors: Silva Everaldo da , Petris Juliana Patrícia , Oliveira Rafael Niebuhr Maia de
Published: October 2022

Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, de procedimento monográfico, de abordagem histórica objetivando analisar, de forma crítica, os estágios do desenvolvimento da educação superior no Brasil até o ano de 2006. Com base nas fontes adotadas, verificou-se que, a situação atual da educação superior no país apresenta traços marcantes de todos os estágios que marcaram sua história, desde o período colonial, de onde se pode extrair as origens da elitização do ensino; do período republicano, responsável pelo início da regulação e da privatização da educação; passando pelo período de regime militar, a quem se deve o mérito pelo aumento no investimento nos programas de pós-graduação, que levou a consolidação de importantes programas; ao período neoliberal, com o avanço do protagonismo das instituições privadas, ao menos no que se refere a presença de mercado; seguido pelo período social-democrata dos governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso e do primeiro mandato de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, do qual se extrai o aperfeiçoamento na avaliação da educação superior no país e a nova divisão das espécies de instituições que formam o ensino superior brasileiro.
Changes in Engagement for Adults with Dementia: Effects of an Intergenerational Program
Authors: Janke Megan C. , Walter Alysha
Published: October 2022

Finding ways to engage adults living with dementia in meaningful and social activities as well as elicit positive emotions and behaviors is important. Intergenerational programs (IGPs) involving young children have been shown to benefit the physical, emotional, and social health of older adults, including those living with dementia, and are often positively received by this population. This study examined how involvement in an IGP was associated with the way that individuals living with dementia engaged and the behaviors that they exhibited during the activities. Fourteen older adults living in a shared-site long term care facility participated in an onsite IGP. Their interactions were recorded over a five-day period immediately prior to the children’s arrival and throughout the duration of the program; adults’ engagement and behaviors were coded using the Menorah Park Engagement Scale (MPES). Findings indicated that there were significant changes in engagement type and the behaviors exhibited by these adults during the IGPs. Constructive engagement significantly increased while non-engagement and other engagement were significantly reduced when the children were present. Greater displays of pleasure and helping behaviors were also exhibited during the IGPs. These findings have implications for recreational therapy practice in long-term care settings and support the use of IGPs with adults living with dementia as a nonpharmacological intervention to improve social engagement in this population.
Exploring the Effects of Swimming on Sleep Behaviors of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Single-Subject Design
Authors: Mische Lawson Lisa , Kivlin Natalie
Published: October 2022

Evidence suggests physical activity (PA) improves sleep of typical children but benefits for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are not established. We examined the effects of PA, particularly swimming, on the sleep behaviors of three children with ASD using objective and parent-report measures. Children participated in eight weeks of a specialized swim program. Parents completed sleep and behavior measures at the beginning and end of the eight-week program. Parents also completed a sleep log for one week while their child slept on a sleep sensor. Results showed variable response to the Sensory Enhanced Aquatics intervention. One child’s sleep and behavior were stable and/or improved, one child’s outcomes were variable, and one child’s sleep worsened. The sleep sensor revealed children fell asleep more quickly after swimming, but increased times out of bed for one child. Recreational therapists should use caution when recommending physical activity to improve sleep with this population and carefully monitor outcomes.
Using Multisensory Interventions to Address Anxiety, Agitation, and Pain in Adults Receiving Treatment for a Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Nelson Rhonda , Hummel Erika
Published: October 2022

This study examined the impact of activity-based multisensory-interventions (MSI) provided in a multisensory environment (MSE) on anxiety, agitation, and pain in adults receiving residential treatment for substance use disorder (SUD). Participants (N = 35) were randomly assigned to two groups and all received four, 30- to 45-minute individualized recreational therapy (RT) sessions over the course of two weeks during their residential stay. The experimental group participated in MSI in a MSE. A comparison group participated in RT sessions using table games (TG). Targeted outcomes were assessed using standardized, self-report measures and physiological data. Pre-and post- session assessments revealed significant reduction in anxiety, agitation, and pain, for individuals in both groups. Between groups comparisons documented a significant main effect for treatment (MSI, TG) on anxiety (p <.001), agitation (p = .03), and pain (p = .05) measures with significantly greater symptom reduction for the MSI group. Individuals receiving MSI also presented with significantly reduced respiration rate following the intervention (p <.01). Heart rate changes were non-significant for both groups. A participant survey at the conclusion of sessions yielded feedback that all individuals who received the MSI (n = 18) reported these sessions were a valuable addition to their SUD treatment.
Impact of Herbicides on Soil Microorganisms, Nodulation and Yield of Chickpea
Authors: Sah Akhilesh
Published: October 2022

Background: Chickpea yield losses due to weed competition have been estimated to range between 40 and 87% depending on weed species and density. As farmers continue to realize the usefulness of herbicides, larger quantities are applied to the soil. These herbicides could be leached down, then accumulate to toxic levels in the soil and become harmful to microorganisms, plant, wild life and human being. Hence, there is a need to determine the effect of different herbicides on the growth and multiplication of agriculturally important microorganisms, which in turn could affect the crop growth and yield. Thus there is a need to test pre and post-emergent herbicides for their effect on beneficial soil microflora, as they could be both beneficial and harmful depending on the herbicide used. In this context, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of herbicides on soil microflora, root nodulation, growth and yield of chickpea under rainfed condition during the rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Zonal Research Station, Chianki, Palamau, (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi), Jharkhand (India). Methods: In this experiment conducted during rabi season 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Zonal Research Station, Chianki, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. The eight treatments were taken under RBD in three replications. Observations and analysis were carried out by following the standard procedures. Result: The present investigation clearly brought out that two hand weeding followed by pendimethalin was the best sought out option on controlling weed population, for higher growth and yield of chickpea. Based on the results obtained, it could be inferred that two hand weeding are costly as compared to pendimethalin and it had least adverse effect on microbial population and nodulation. Therefore, pendimethalin can be used to get the higher plant growth and yield of chickpea.
Evaluation of Bush Type Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes for Morphological Characters and Anthracnose under Cold Arid Ladakh Conditions
Authors: Ganie S.A. , Wani B.A.
Published: October 2022

In the present study 25 bush type common bean genotypes were evaluated for their adaptability, performance of yield, maturity and anthracnose disease. Among 25 genotypes, ten were red in colour, five were brown in colour, four genotypes were white, two purple and one each was black, pink, yellow and chocolate in colour. For seed shape, 16 genotypes were kidney shaped, 3 were oval, cylindrical and cuboidal. For seed coat pattern, 19 genotypes were plain and 6 were mottled. Seed size revealed that out of 25 genotypes, 6 were large, 17 were medium and two were small. Out of 25 genotypes, 14 were having green colour pods, 10 were yellow and one light green in colour. The pod curvature revealed that 15 genotypes were having medium pod curvature, 7 were curved and 3 genotypes were having straight pod curvature. WB-185 was earliest to flower, whereas WB-956 was earliest to maturity. Highest pod length was recorded in WB-185where as lowest was recorded in local Ladakh and WB-257. Maximum seeds per pod were recorded in genotype WB-185 whereas minimum seeds per pods were recorded in WB-956. Highest plant height was recorded in genotype WB-1690. Highest value for 100 seed weight was recorded in WB-966 and lowest value was recorded in WB-6. Highest yield per plant was recorded in WB-185 and lowest yield per plant was recorded in WB-1129. Analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes exhibited significant variability for all the traits. Screening of genotypes against anthracnose revealed that maximum disease incidence was shown by WB-1690 followed by WB-257, WB-1643, WB-956 and WB-1129. Maximum disease intensity was shown by WB-1690 while lowest disease intensity was recorded in WB-719.
​Combining Ability and Heterosis Analysis for Seed Yield and Yield Related Traits in Table Pea [Pisum sativum (L.) var. hortense]
Authors: Gupta Archi , Singh Bijendra , Kumar Mukesh , Sharma V.R. , Chauhan Charupriya , Rout Sanghamitra , Yadav Satish K.
Published: October 2022

Background: A study was carried out to estimate the general and specific combining abilities, as well as heterosis for seed yield and yield associated traits in pea lines. Methods: Twenty-eight cross combinations were generated using half-diallel mating design with eight parental lines. The mean values of seed yield and its contributing traits of parental lines and their offspring for each replication were used for statistical analysis viz., GCA, SCA and Heterosis. Result: The GCA and SCA were significant and indicating the presence of both additive and non-additive types of gene actions. AP-3, VL-7, Kashi_Nandini and PC-531 were identified as promising parents due to significant GCA effects on seed yield and other traits. Among the crosses Kashi_Nandini x PC-531, VL-7 x PMR-53, Arkel x Vl-7 and VL-7 x Kashi_uday hybrids were the most promising, with significantly higher SCA effects for seed yield and yield related traits. Seed yield showed significantly high heterosis ranged from -2.00% to 8.77 % (AP-3 x PC-531 and Arkel x PMR-53, respectively) and relative heterosis ranged from -0.75% to 14.10% (Kashi_uday x PC-531 and Arkel x PMR-53 respectively) significantly exhibited positive heterosis for seed yield over better parent and mid-parent.
Foreword
Authors: Scarinci Isabel C. , Dionne Jodie A.
Published: October 2022

Ethn Dis. 2022;32(4):265-268; doi:10.18865/ed.32.4.265
ROKAT BHUJU’ VIS-À-VIS KOMPOLAN (Metamorfosis Elit Madura Pasca Keruntuhan Orde Baru)
Authors: Halik Fathol
Published: October 2022

Abstrak: Tulisan ini berpijak pada asumsi bahwa perubahan sosial tidak selalu diiringi dengan perubahan pemimpin. Pada komunitas yang telah mapan, perubahan pemimpin bukan merupakan hal yang utama dalam relasi sosial, terutama dalam tradisi masyarakat pedesaan di Madura, seperti fenomena relasi sosial antar elit bhuju’ Juruan di Batuputih Sumenep. Yang menarik dalam tradisi bhuju’ Juruan adalah rokat bhuju’. Sebuah tradisi yang berkenaan dengan aktivitas seni, hiburan, dan sosial-“keagamaan” berupa pembacaan matera, kejungan, ataupun mamaca. Rokat bhuju’ dilakukan oleh masyarakat yang “kurang mengerti agama”, reng ledha’, reng gunung bhato kalettak, tandha’, bhajingan (blater), dan orang awam atau abangan. Tradisi ini dilakukan dengan pemujaan terhadap makam orang sakti dengan mengetengahkan sesaji, buah-buahan ataupun beras yang diletakkan di altar pemakaman sebagai bagian dari ritual sebagian masyarakat Madura. Realitas ini seakan paradoksal dengan masyarakat Madura yang taat beragama. Bagi masyarakat Madura rokat bhuju’ berbeda dengan kompolan. Suatu aktivitas keagamaan yang digelar dengan mengundang orang lain, tetangga, famili ataupun jemaah masjid untuk berdoa, seperti pembacaan tahlil, yasiin, barzanji, al-Qur’an, ataupun ceramah agama. Kompolan bukan ansich spiritual, ada pula kebutuhan psikologis, jaringan sosiologis antar manusia, kebutuhan sosialisasi, aktualisasi dan kebersamaan melalui tradisi keagamaan. Motif sosial dan keagamaan menjadi bagian penting dari tradisi kompolan. Tradisi kompolan juga memunculkan tokoh lokal dan pengikut (follower) dari kalangan santri, keyae, orang haji (agamis). Sehingga media yang digunakan pun berbeda. Hadrah, dhiba’, samroh, Cinta Rasul, tongtong, qasidah digunakan dalam kompolan, sementara lodrok, tandha’, saronen, bhajang oreng, orkes, tayub identik dengan rokat bhuju’. Bagi kalangan agamawan (santri, kyai dan ulama’) rokat bhuju’ harus dirubah. Sebagian tokoh Madura menghendaki pergantian aktivitas-ritual dalam kegiatan tersebut, berupa “budaya tandingan”, budaya yang baru. Rokat bhuju’ yang dilaksanakan untuk memperingati peninggalan, tradisi, serta jasa tokoh/orang sakti yang telah meninggal hendak dirubah menjadi aktivitas keagamaan. Hal itu dimaksudkan supaya pengikut (followers) rokat bhuju’ insyaf, atau kembali kepada jalan Allah. Meskipun tidak terjadi pergantian pemimpin, namun dalam konteks ini telah terjadi proses metamorfosis, dimana tokoh tidak lagi berasal dari kalangan luar rokat bhuju’. Akan tetapi, berasal dari keturunan tokoh perintis rokat bhuju’ sendiri dengan lebih mengedepankan kegiatan keagamaan dan rokat berganti menjadi kompolan. Strategi ini merupakan hasil pendekatan pada tokoh melalui keturunan/anak-anak yang bersekolah di pesantren di Madura.   Kata kunci: rokat bhuju’, kompolan, keyae, metamorfosis