bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological traits contribute to growth and adaptation of Mexican maize landraces
Authors: Pace Brian A. , Perales Hugo R. , Gonzalez-Maldonado Noelymar , Mercer Kristin L.
Published: February 2024

Local adaptation of populations results from an interplay between their environment and genetics. If functional trait variation influences plant performance, populations can adapt to their local environment. However, populations may also respond plastically to environmental challenges, altering phenotype without shifting allele frequencies. The level of local adaptation in crop landraces and their capacity for plasticity in response to environmental change may predict their continued utility to farmers facing climate change. Yet we understand little about how physiological traits potentially underlying local adaptation of cultivars influence fitness. Farmers in Mexico—the crop center of origin for maize—manage and rely upon a high diversity of landraces. We studied maize grown in Chiapas, Mexico, where strong elevational gradients cover a relatively small geographic area. We reciprocally transplanted 12 populations sourced from three elevational zones (600, 1550 and 2150 m) back into those elevations for two years using a modified split-split plot design to model effects of environment, genetics, and their interaction. We studied physiological and growth traits, including photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, stomatal density, relative growth rate (RGR), and seed production. Maize fitness showed indications of local adaptation with highland and midland types performing poorly at warmer lowland locations, though patterns depended on the year. Several physiological traits, including stomatal conductance, were affected by G x E interactions, some of which indicated non-adaptive plastic responses with potential fitness implications. We discerned a significant positive relationship between fitness and relative growth rate. Growth rates in highland landraces were outperformed by midland and lowland landraces grown in high temperature, lowland garden. Lowland landrace stomatal conductance was diminished compared to that of highland landraces in the cooler highland garden. Thus, both adaptive and non-adaptive physiological responses of maize landraces in southern Mexico may have implications for fitness, as well as responses to climate change.
Examining the implementation of a community paediatric clinic in a socially disadvantaged Irish community: A retrospective process evaluation
Authors: Buckley Lynn , Gibson Louise , Harford Katherine , Cornally Nicola , Curtin Margaret
Published: February 2024

Background

Understanding interventions and their implementation is essential for improving community initiatives. Kidscope is a community paediatric development clinic providing free health and developmental assessment and onward referral for children aged zero to six years in an urban area of southern Ireland where many children experience complex needs. Established in 2010, Kidscope developed an inter-disciplinary, multi-agency community team by drawing on the strengths of local services and practitioners to deliver holistic approaches to child health and development. Recent studies examining stakeholder engagement and Kidscope outcomes highlighted the need to examine implementation to better understand the processes and mechanisms of the clinic and how events have affected outcomes.

Methods

Guided by the UK Medical Research Council Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions, this study used a post-hoc qualitative process evaluation study design with multiple data sources; stakeholder perspectives (interviews, focus group, questionnaires) and document analysis (annual reports, meeting minutes, work plans). A diverse set of research questions were developed in conjunction with a Patient and Public Involvement Group. Guiding frameworks supported thematic analysis of primary data, document analysis of secondary data, and triangulation of findings across datasets.

Results

Data analysis yielded 17 themes and 18 sub-themes. Successful implementation hinged on developing a coalition of linked practitioners and services whose skills were utilised and enhanced within Kidscope to deliver a high-quality healthcare model to vulnerable children and families. Relational and multi-disciplinary working, innovative approaches to implementation and sustainability, training and education provision, and the accessible community location were among the mechanisms of change resulting in improved child, family, practitioner, and system-level outcomes. External factors such as COVID-19 and deficits in Ireland’s disability services posed significant barriers to fidelity.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence of the processes, mechanisms, and model of care employed by a community-based paediatric clinic to successfully engage society’s most vulnerable families and promote health equity. This study makes an important contribution to the field of implementation research by offering an example of a robust approach to conceptualising and measuring implementation outcomes of community healthcare initiative in a changing, real-world context.
Analysis of characteristics of and risk factors for otological symptoms after COVID-19 infection
Authors: Wang Qiang , Gu Hailing , Ren Jianjun , Zhao Yu , Meng Zhaoli
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of and risk factors for otological symptoms after contracting COVID-19. We invited 468 participants who had been infected with COVID-19 to participate in a survey. 310 (66.2%) were women and 158 (33.8%) were men. The mean age is 38.73 (12.21) years. The questionnaire included their basic information, symptoms and symptom duration after SARS-CoV-2 infection, number of vaccine doses received, and details regarding otological symptoms. In total, 106/468 (22.6%) participants experienced tinnitus, 66/468 (14.1%) hearing loss, 103/468 (22.0%) aural fullness, and 71/468 (15.2%) dizziness. Women were more prone to experience tinnitus (P = 0.022) and dizziness (P = 0.001) than men. The group with hearing loss were older (P = 0.025), and their initial COVID-19 symptoms lasted longer (P = 0.028) than those of patients without. Patients with aural fullness were more likely to experience fatigue than patients without (P = 0.002). Patients experiencing dizziness were more likely to experience pharyngalgia (P = 0.040) and fatigue (P = 0.005) than those without. The number of vaccine doses was positively associated with the resolution of otological symptoms (P = 0.035). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that sex was an independent risk factor for tinnitus (odds ratio [OR], 1.802; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.099–2.953; P = 0.020), the duration of initial COVID-19 symptoms for hearing loss (OR, 1.055; 95% CI, 1.008–1.105; P = 0.023), and sex for dizziness (OR, 2.870; 95% CI, 1.489–5.535; P = 0.002). Sex, age, COVID-19-related fatigue, and the duration of initial COVID-19 symptoms may affect the occurrence of otological symptoms, and vaccines may aid their resolution.
How do paediatric physical therapists teach motor skills to children with Developmental Coordination Disorder? An interview study
Authors: van der Veer Ingrid P. A. , Rameckers Eugene A. A. , Steenbergen Bert , Bastiaenen Caroline H. G. , Klingels Katrijn
Published: February 2024

Background

When teaching motor skills, paediatric physical therapists (PPTs) use various motor learning strategies (MLSs), adapting these to suit the individual child and the task being practised. Knowledge about the clinical decision-making process of PPTs in choosing and adapting MLSs when treating children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is currently lacking. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to explore PPTs’ use of MLSs when teaching motor skills to children with DCD.

Methods

Semi-structured individual and group interviews were conducted with PPTs with a wide range of experience in treating children with DCD. A conventional content analysis approach was used where all transcripts were open-coded by two reviewers independently. Categories and themes were discussed within the research group. Data were collected until saturation was reached.

Results

Twenty-six PPTs (median age: 49 years; range: 26–66) participated in 12 individual interviews and two focus-group interviews. Six themes were identified: (1) PPTs treated children in a tailor-made way; (2) PPTs’ teaching style was either more indirect or direct; (3) PPTs used various strategies to improve children’s motivation; (4) PPTs had reached the optimal level of practice when children were challenged; (5) PPTs gave special attention to automatization and transfer during treatment; and (6) PPTs considered task complexity when choosing MLSs, which appeared determined by task constraints, environmental demands, child and therapist characteristics.

Conclusion

PPTs’ clinical decision-making processes in choosing MLSs appeared strongly influenced by therapist characteristics like knowledge and experience, resulting in large variation in the use of MLSs and teaching styles to enhance motivation, automatization, and transfer. This study indicates the importance of the level of education on using MLSs to teach children motor skills, and clinical decision-making. Future research should focus on implementing this knowledge into daily practice.
Outward looking foreign direct investment and its determinants in highly indebted Eastern African countries
Authors: Tegegne Habtamu Getachew
Published: February 2024

This study examines outward-looking foreign direct investment (FDI) and the determinants of four highly indebted low-income countries in East Africa. To achieve the stated objective, the study utilizes the pooled mean group (PMG) approach for panel data encompassing the period from 1990 to 2022. Additionally, bound testing and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model are applied to analyze time series data from individual countries within the sample. The panel PMG/ARDL estimation suggests that both market size and exchange rate have a significant positive impact on FDI inflows, both in the short run and the long run. Specifically, the time series analysis using ARDL estimation reveals that market size has a positive and significant impact on FDI inflows for both Rwanda and Tanzania, both in the long run and the short run. Furthermore, the association between the labor force and FDI inflows is positive only in the long run for Rwanda, while for Tanzania, it shows a positive association in both the short run and the long run. In terms of the availability of natural resources, the analysis indicates a positive impact in the short run but a negative association with FDI inflows in the long run, with the exception of a positive association with Rwanda in the long run. Additionally, external debt has a positive and significant impact on FDI inflows for Kenya, both in the short run and the long run. Based on the findings, the study recommends that policymakers should focus on policies and strategies that promote market expansion and create a larger consumer base. This can be achieved through initiatives such as market development programs, trade agreements, and regional cooperation.
The knowledge and reuse practices of researchers utilising government health information assets, Victoria, Australia, 2008–2020
Authors: Riley Merilyn , Robinson Kerin , Kilkenny Monique F. , Leggat Sandra G.
Published: February 2024

Background

Using government health datasets for secondary purposes is widespread; however, little is known on researchers’ knowledge and reuse practices within Australia.

Objectives

To explore researchers’ knowledge and experience of governance processes, and their data reuse practices, when using Victorian government health datasets for research between 2008–2020.

Method

A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted with authors who utilised selected Victorian, Australia, government health datasets for peer-reviewed research published between 2008–2020. Information was collected on researchers’: data reuse practices; knowledge of government health information assets; perceptions of data trustworthiness for reuse; and demographic characteristics.

Results

When researchers used government health datasets, 45% linked their data, 45% found the data access process easy and 27% found it difficult. Government-curated datasets were significantly more difficult to access compared to other-agency curated datasets (p = 0.009). Many respondents received their data in less than six months (58%), in aggregated or de-identified form (76%). Most reported performing their own data validation checks (70%). To assist in data reuse, almost 71% of researchers utilised (or created) contextual documentation, 69% a data dictionary, and 62% limitations documentation. Almost 20% of respondents were not aware if data quality information existed for the dataset they had accessed. Researchers reported data was managed by custodians with rigorous confidentiality/privacy processes (94%) and good data quality processes (76%), yet half lacked knowledge of what these processes entailed. Many respondents (78%) were unaware if dataset owners had obtained consent from the dataset subjects for research applications of the data.

Conclusion

Confidentiality/privacy processes and quality control activities undertaken by data custodians were well-regarded. Many respondents included data linkage to additional government datasets in their research. Ease of data access was variable. Some documentation types were well provided and used, but improvement is required for the provision of data quality statements and limitations documentation. Provision of information on participants’ informed consent in a dataset is required.
Path analysis of regional logistics and economy coordinated development: An fsQCA approach
Authors: An Zhiyuan , He Enqiu , Du Xue , Sun Bo
Published: February 2024

The coordinated development of regional logistics and the economy is crucial for regional economic progress and for reducing regional development disparities. This study applies regional coordinated development theory and coupling theory, utilizing the Coupling Coordination Degree Model (CCDM) to analyze data from 31 provinces and cities in China in 2021, with the analysis results serving as the outcome variable. Additionally, we use data from four dimensions: infrastructure investment (II), technological innovation (TI), industrial structure (IS), and human capital (HC), as the conditional variables, conducting a multi-factor configurational analysis using fsQCA. Three paths with high coupling coordination and one path with non-high coupling coordination are identified, and the reasons for each path are analyzed. The results indicate that: 1) there are significant regional disparities in China regarding economic development, logistics development, and the degree of their coupling and coordination, with the eastern regions exhibiting higher levels and the western regions and other remote areas exhibiting lower levels. 2) The three paths with high coupling coordination are: “Infrastructure Investment—Technological Innovation”, “Technological Innovation—Industrial Structure—Human Capital”, and “Infrastructure Investment—Fundamental Innovation—Industrial Structure”. These three types facilitate the well-coordinated progress of regional logistics and the economy. The article concludes by highlighting policy suggestions that underscore the significance of fortifying the bond between the logistics industry and the economy, alongside earnest efforts to enhance regional logistics standards. This will foster a mutually reinforcing and co-developing situation, further promoting coordinated development among regions, achieving high-quality regional development, and reducing the imbalances in logistics and economic development among different regions.
Assessing the basic knowledge and awareness of dengue fever prevention among migrant workers in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Chaudhary Maryam N. , Lim Voon-Ching , Faller Erwin Martinez , Regmi Pramod , Aryal Nirmal , Mohd Zain Siti Nursheena , Azman Adzzie Shazleen , Sahimin Norhidayu
Published: February 2024

Background

Globally, 390 million dengue virus infections occur per year. In Malaysia, migrant workers are particularly vulnerable to dengue fever (DF) due to mosquito breeding sites exposure and poor health literacy. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) assess the current DF knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP), and (ii) identify strategies to promote DF awareness, among migrant workers in Klang Valley.

Method

A survey was conducted with 403 Nepali, Filipino and Indonesian migrant workers through phone interviews and online self-administered questionnaires. Piecewise structural equation modelling was applied to identify predictor variables for DF KAP.

Results

Most respondents were male, working in the services industry, had completed high school, aged between 30–39 years and with less than ten years work experience in Malaysia. Overall, respondents’ knowledge was positively correlated with attitude but negatively with practices. Older respondents, who had completed higher education, obtained higher knowledge scores. Similarly, those with working experience of >20 years in Malaysia obtained higher attitude scores. Respondents with a previous history of DF strongly considered the removal of mosquito breeding sites as their own responsibility, hence tended to frequently practise DF preventive measures. Respondents’ knowledge was also positively correlated to their understanding of DF information sourced from social media platforms.

Conclusion

These findings highlighted: (i) the need for targeted DF educational intervention among younger and newly arrived workers with lower levels of education and (ii) maximising the usage of social media platforms to improve DF public awareness.
143D, el experimento audiovisual underground frente al mercantilismo de las plataformas
Authors: Pérez Vidal Iván
Published: February 2024

A finales de los años 90 y durante la primera década del s. XXI, con la difusión de las cámaras de video domésticas y semiprofesionales, se producen propuestas audiovisuales previas a la creación de plataformas de video online que se agrupan en torno al festival 143Delicias. Este artículo aborda un análisis de las dinámicas del festival a la luz de la deriva del consumo del audiovisual en el actual sistema tardo capitalista. Revisa la propuesta del inicio del milenio en contraposición a la sobreexposición y absorción del medio audiovisual por el mercantilismo de las plataformas. 143D se caracteriza por la socialización directa y la visualización activa en grupo, fuera de las salas de cine o de los espacios dedicados al arte contemporáneo, donde el videoarte se experimenta de forma compartida, sin subordinación a un sistema de valores cerrado o controlado. Las piezas proyectadas abordan temas sociales y políticos a través del humor, mediante estéticas a menudo cercanas al videoclip, sin renunciar a la experimentación con los medios, la conceptualización, la cita, el apropiacionismo o el cuestionamiento del propio medio audiovisual.
Performar los restos para activar el gesto
Authors: Valerio Tello Milagros
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo parte de investigar las relaciones entre archivo y performance, desde la postura de Jorge Blasco en la introducción de Archivar (2017) y el ensayo «Performance remains» de Rebecca Schneider (2001), en cuanto buscan aproximarse a las formas materiales en las que la práctica artística se produce y funciona como epistemología a través de su performatividad. La investigación destaca los procedimientos que posicionan a los archivos de arte contemporáneo como dispositivos sociopolíticos. Si en la actualidad la conservación emplea la documentación audiovisual para la preservación de arte de performance, consideramos necesario reestudiar este procedimiento como una mediación entre el gesto artístico y su potencial social. Por lo tanto, en el ensayo se examinó el caso de la plataforma audiovisual Hamaca. Especialmente, las activaciones realizadas a las piezas audiovisuales que alberga su archivo y que generan formas de bienestar común desde la intervención de colectivos y agentes de mediación cultural.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Organisational Behavior: A Risky Tale between Myth and Reality for Sustaining Workforce
Authors: Younis Zeinab , Ibrahim Marwa , Azzam Habiba
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This research paper examines quantitatively the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an independent variable on three organisational behavior components as dependent variables: job satisfaction, personality, and attitudes.

Design/methodology: The sample of our study includes alumni graduates of the past two years reflecting on post-covid19 era as young workforce from Cairo, Egypt. It is important to note that there is no sufficient data regarding the impact of AI on OB testing this bracket of young population workforce, and highlighting specific components in the study of OB.

Findings: This research finding revealed that AI can explain 46.5 % of Organizational Behavior which refers to the importance of AI usage among organizations and how this might change the current organizational environments. 

Research Limitations: This research is limited by the fact that the sample encompassed a specific bracket of the young workforce age ranging from 20-35 years old even though they come from different backgrounds.

Practical Implications: AI tools can enhance employees job satisfaction as well as it can help mitigate cognitive biases and groupthink, developing a decision-making culture that is more objective and data driven.

Originality: Therefore, the utility of this research on the academic level highlights the fact of identifying major concerns and formulations of essential conclusions to get a deeper understanding of the relationship between the different variables stated. On the practical level, it sheds light for several organisations on the danger of technology replacement of employees due to the invasive impact of AI usage.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Personality, Attitudes, Job Satisfaction, Organisational Behavior
Efficiency of Digestate from Biogas Plants for the Formation of Bio-Organic Technologies in Agriculture
Authors: Honcharuk Inna , Yemchyk Tetiana , Tokarchuk Dina
Published: February 2024

The article examines the potential of digestate from biogas plants as a high-quality organic fertilizer that can ensure environmentally friendly development of the agro-industrial complex. The essence of the European Green Deal, the role of biogas production, and the use of digestate for achieving a climate neutral economy are considered. The purpose of the article was to analyze the potential of digestate production in Ukraine and to substantiate its role in Ukraine’s achievement of the goals set by the European Green Deal. The research was carried out according to dialectical and systemic approaches, using monographic, economic-statistical, index, and cartographic methods. The results showed that Ukraine needs further development of biogas production and an increase in digestate production to meet the demand of agricultural enterprises for organic fertilizers, as there is currently an urgent need to increase soil fertility. It was determined that, in addition to European integration processes and the implementation of “green” technologies, a driving force for the intensification of digestate use is the high cost of mineral fertilizers on the Ukrainian and world markets, as well as high efficacy of digestate as an organic fertilizer. The authors proposed and calculated the green agriculture index, which is based on the calculation of the ratio of the amount of active substance, the rate of mineral fertilizers, kg to the rate of application of organic fertilizers, t/ha. Its levels (intensive, growing, declining, extensive) were determined by the regions of Ukraine, and strategies for the use of digestate were developed depending on the level of the region’s greening. It was proven that the future of Ukrainian agriculture should be based on green agriculture and the active use of digestate as a fertilizer, which will help to produce environmentally friendly products, increase production volumes, and reduce the ecological burden on the environment. The use of digestate will help to achieve a reduction in the application of mineral fertilizers up to 25% by 2030 in accordance with the eco-goals of the European Green Deal.

Keywords: digestate, bio-organic technologies, fertilizers, biogas
Educação Ambiental Revolucionária
Authors: Peres Isabela Kojin , Nery Silva Ana Clara , Andriollo Trovarelli Rachel
Published: February 2024

Revolutionary environmental education
Na segunda década do século XXI aprofunda-se o cenário de extensa e acelerada degradação socioambiental. A busca por soluções para um presente solidário e um futuro melhor para todos os habitantes da Terra, exige fazeres educadores ambientalistas comprometidos com transformações radicais. A partir de um processo coletivo de estudo, reflexão e diálogo de um grupo de pós-graduandos que foi inspirado no “Manifesto R de Educação Ambiental” elaborado por um grupo plural de educadoras e educadores ambientais latinoamericanos, e dos acúmulos de mais de três décadas de existência do Laboratório de Educação e Política Ambiental – Oca (ESALQ/USP), o presente texto busca caracterizar uma Educação Ambiental Revolucionária, necessária para enfrentar os tempos distópicos atuais.
Educação ambiental não-formal
Authors: Sousa Camila Campêlo de , Kistemacher Dilmar
Published: February 2024

Non-formal environmental education: municipal management and socio-environmental perception in the municipality of Codó (MA)
Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar as ações de Educação Ambiental não-formal desenvolvidas no município de Codó, estado do Maranhão. Foi realizado, via aplicação de questionários e realização de entrevistas, um levantamento das ações de Educação Ambiental desenvolvidas pela gestão pública municipal e a identificação das percepções socioambientais da população codoense, especialmente comunidades ribeirinhas, quilombolas, catadores de lixo, quebradeiras de coco babaçu e da agricultura familiar. Foi possível verificar que há projetos que visam minimizar os problemas ambientais. No entanto, quanto à percepção das comunidades, foi constatado que elas pouco conhecem sobre as questões ambientais e sustentáveis, evidenciando fragilidade na execução da Educação ambiental do município.
Identification of Achalasia Within Absent Contractility Phenotypes on High-Resolution Manometry: Prevalence, Predictive Factors, and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Patel Parth , Rogers Benjamin D. , Rengarajan Arvind , Elsbernd Benjamin , O'Brien Elizabeth R. , Gyawali C. Prakash
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Absent contractility on high-resolution manometry (HRM) defines severe hypomotility but needs distinction from achalasia. We retrospectively identified achalasia within absent contractility using HRM provocative maneuvers, barium esophagography, and functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP).

METHODS:

Adult patients with absent contractility on HRM during the 4-year study period were eligible for inclusion. Inadequate studies, achalasia after therapy, or prior foregut surgery were exclusions. Upright integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) >12 mm Hg, panesophageal pressurization, and/or elevated IRP on multiple rapid swallows and rapid drink challenge (RDC) were considered abnormal. Esophageal barium retention and abnormal esophagogastric junction distensibility index (<2.0 mm2/mm Hg) on FLIP defined achalasia. Clinical, endoscopic, and motor characteristics of patients with achalasia were compared with absent contractility without obstruction.

RESULTS:

Of 164 patients, 20 (12.2%) had achalasia (17.9% of 112 patients with adjunctive testing), while 92 did not, and 52 did not undergo adjunctive tests. Achalasia was diagnosed regardless of IRP value, but the median supine IRP was higher (odds ratio 1.196, 95% confidence interval 1.041–1.375, P = 0.012). Patients with achalasia were more likely to present with dysphagia (80.0% vs 35.9%, P < 0.001), with obstructive features on HRM maneuvers (83.3% vs 48.9%, P = 0.039), but lower likelihood of GERD evidence (20.0% vs 47.3%, P = 0.027) or large hiatus hernia (15.0% vs 43.8%, P = 0.002). On multivariable analysis, dysphagia presentation (P = 0.006) and pressurization on RDC (P = 0.027) predicted achalasia, while reflux and presurgical evaluations and lack of RDC obstruction predicted absent contractility without obstruction.

DISCUSSION:

Despite HRM diagnosis of absent contractility, achalasia is identified in more than 1 in 10 patients regardless of IRP value.
ANÁLISE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DO PADRÃO DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA MORTALIDADE POR INSUFICIÊNCIA RENAL NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO NO PERÍODO ENTRE 2008 E 2020
Authors: Solera Alessandra Lemes Barcala , Souza Mariany Kerriany Gonçalves de , Silva Ana Beatriz Almeida da , Favareto Ana Paula Alves , Rossi Renata Calciolari , Pugliesi Edmur Azevedo , Ramos Ana Paula Marques
Published: February 2024

A insuficiência renal (IR) é caracterizada pela perda da capacidade funcional dos rins, a qual pode levar a complicações e morte prematura. Embora o Ministério da Saúde disponibilize dados de óbitos por IR municipal, desconhece-se o padrão de distribuição espacial desta doença. Isto é essencial para apoiar os estados na definição de políticas públicas de saúde. Este trabalho caracteriza a distribuição espaço-temporal da mortalidade por IR nos municípios do estado de São Paulo de 2008 a 2020. No departamento de informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, obteve-se o número de óbitos por IR em cada município paulista, de 2008 a 2020. Estimou-se a mortalidade por IR dividindo o número de óbitos no município pelo seu número de habitantes, multiplicado por 10.000. Técnicas de estatística espacial foram usadas na detecção de agrupamento espacial, observando-se que o padrão de distribuição da mortalidade por IR no estado não é aleatório. Há uma tendência crescente no número de óbitos por IR nos municípios de 2008 a 2020, mas isto não tem associação com o gênero, ainda que ocorra maior número de óbitos por IR entre os homens comparado às mulheres. Verificou-se que a faixa etária acima de 59 anos é a de maior risco de óbitos por IR, sendo as regiões mais críticas aquelas situadas à oeste do estado, sobretudo, em São José do Rio Preto. Essas descobertas ressaltam a importância de uma análise espacial e temporal da distribuição da mortalidade por IR, subsidiando o planejamento e a alocação de recursos de saúde para mitigar os impactos dessa doença nos municípios brasileiros.
O enfrentamento da desinformação e do discurso de ódio: um novo modelo regulatório para as redes sociais
Authors: Valle Vivian Cristina Lima López , Antik Analía , Lima Eduardo Magno Cassitas Cavalcante de
Published: February 2024

Através de uma análise bibliográfica e jurisprudencial, estudaram-se os modelos implementados nos Estados Unidos da América, na Alemanha e no Brasil para a regulação de redes sociais. Verificaram-se insuficiências em cada regime que obstam o combate efetivo da desinformação e do discurso de ódio. Assim sendo, sugere-se a adoção de um regime regulatório misto, através do qual o Estado e a plataforma de rede que hospeda o debate teriam competência concorrente para a regulação ex-post de conteúdo, de maneira que a liberdade de expressão possa ser otimizada, sem prejuízo ao respeito da dignidade da pessoa humana. O modelo proposto permite que não haja a exclusão da capacidade regulatória estatal meramente por se tratar de uma plataforma privada, ao mesmo tempo em que permite a ação tipicamente mais célere e eficiente da regulação pela plataforma em si.
La Resolución de Problemas en Física Clasificados por Niveles de Complejidad: Una Experiencia
Authors: Picos Rivers Leonardo Julian , Cuador GIl José Quintín , Martínez de Osaba Picos Carlos Rafael
Published: February 2024

En este artículo se pretende dar respuesta a la pregunta, ¿cómo lograr el desarrollo de habilidades en estudiantes de ingeniería en la resolución de problemas de física? No es posible dar una respuesta exacta y definitiva a esta tarea, muchos docentes enseñan y han descrito sus experiencias, coinciden en proponer ejercicios desde los más simples a los más complejos, mediante estrategias de solución. En este estudio presentamos una clasificación de problemas físicos por niveles de complejidad para la Enseñanza de la Física en carreras de ingeniería, en respuesta a la idea de elevar el nivel de complejidad. Planteamos estrategias para la solución de problemas, para lo cual recurrimos, como ejemplo, al método cinemático, el método dinámico y la conservación de la energía mecánica. Además, exponemos una selección de problemas de los textos utilizados en los cursos de física general para carreras de ingeniería en universidades cubanas, donde se incluyen un total de 430 ejercicios, distribuidos en tres niveles de complejidad. Por último, comentamos el logro de buenos resultados con el uso de la metodología propuesta a partir de la experiencia práctica de los autores.
Ensino de Física e Deficiência Visual: Formação Inicial de Professores para uma Sociedade Inclusiva
Authors: Faur de Castro Catarino Giselle , Da Conceição de Almeida Barbosa Lima Maria
Published: February 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa desenvolvida a partir da realização de um minicurso de Ensino de Física e Inclusão Social na Semana da Física realizada em uma Universidade pública do Rio de Janeiro. O minicurso apresentou princípios básicos da Inclusão Social, em especial da Deficiência Visual, em aulas regulares de Física e contou com a construção de experimentos adaptados ao público em questão. Os participantes, licenciandos e bacharelandos do curso de Física, foram convidados a responder um questionário cujas respostas foram analisadas segundo as discussões realizadas nos encontros. Como resultados obtivemos respostas ao questionário que ratificam a existência de ideias pré-concebidas em relação ao tema, como a compensação fisiológica. Outro resultado obtido foi a percepção de que nossos estudantes têm um baixo interesse pela história da física, em contrapartida houve alguns resultados que demonstraram ideias de inclusão, integração e exclusão bem sedimentadas.
Analisis Kegagalan Inovasi Pemerintah Daerah
Authors: Manar Dzunuwwanus Ghulam , Alfirdaus Laila Kholid
Published: February 2024

Artikel ini mendiskusikan berbagai penjelasan tentang kegagalan inovasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah. Selama ini, aspek kegagalan belum mendapatkan perhatian sebagai pembelajaran (lesson learned) bagi peningkatan inovasi. Fokus utamanya seringkali diarahkan pada inovasi yang dianggap berhasil atau yang dikenal dengan praktik baik (best practice). Padahal dari kegagalan inovasi di sebuah tempat, berbagai pelajaran penting dapat diidentifikasi untuk gagasan-gagasan inovasi di tempat lain. Artikel ini menggunakan ilustrasi tentang inovasi yang telah dilakukan oleh beberapa pemerintah daerah yang pada akhirnya mengalami kegagalan. Pengertian gagal di sini merujuk pada gagasan inovasi yang tidak dapat diimplementasikan, tidak dapat dilanjutkan, maupun memerlukan perombakan gagasan. Terlepas dari faktor politik, temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor strategis, seperti kebijakan dan sumber daya sebagai penopang pelaksanaan kebijakan, memerlukan pendekatan dan tata kelola yang strategis pula; lebih banyak mendominasi terjadinya kegagalan inovasi daripada faktor-faktor teknis, seperti teknologi, fasilitas, dan tata kelola.
The Effectiveness of Aceh’s Special Autonomy Fund in Allocation to Poverty Alleviation, Education, and Health Sector
Authors: Fadhila Farah , Ubaidullah Ubaidullah , Ahmady Iqbal
Published: February 2024

This research aims to analysis the effectiveness of the allocation of Aceh’s special autonomy fund for development in the sectors of poverty alleviation, education, and health during the period of 2017 to 2022. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive with the data collection techniques are interviews and documentation. Moreover, this research focus on the existence of Aceh as an asymmetric decentralization. The theory that used to strengthen the argument is public management theory and used the concept of effectiveness. The result showed that during the period of Irwandi Yusuf-Nova Iriansyah, the allocation of Aceh’s special autonomy fund has not been effective for development in Aceh, especially in the sector of poverty, improving the quality of education and health. It is because of the management of the special autonomy fund’s allocation is not optimal implemented since the planning to the controlling. It has the impact to the allocation of Aceh’s special autonomy fund which is not well-targeted to achieve the goals and to improve the society’s welfare.
Wydatki na obronność kluczem do przemian niemieckiej polityki bezpieczeństwa
Authors: Malinowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2024

Niedostateczne wydatki na obronność stanowią od lat zasadniczy problem niemieckiej polityki bezpieczeństwa. Pierwszeństwo miała dotąd strategia, skoncentrowana na kwestiach dystrybucji i transformacji energetycznej. Przez lata utrzymywał się w społeczeństwie niemieckim konsens przeciw zwiększaniu wydatków militarnych. Zwrot w polityce bezpieczeństwa (Zeitenwende) podjęty przez rząd SPD/Zieloni/FDP pod kierunkiem kanclerza Olafa Scholza dotyczył m.in. znaczącego podniesienia wydatków na obronność do 2% PKB przy pomocy specjalnego Funduszu Bundeswehry.

Jednak rząd Niemiec zamierzał sztucznie podnosić wydatki na obronność od 2024 r. Autor stawia hipotezę, że w rzeczywistości rząd unika zwiększenia wydatków obronnych w obliczu rosnących wyzwań energetyczno-klimatyczno-demograficznych, wymagających poświęcenia uwagi na wydatki społeczne i zachowanie dyscypliny budżetowej.

W artykule przedstawiono proces dochodzenia do ponadpartyjnego kompromisowego porozumienia politycznego na rzecz zwiększania wydatków obronnych w początkowej fazie Zeitenwende i przeanalizowano przyczyny zaplanowania niewystarczających wydatków na obronność w budżecie na 2024 r. Tendencja ta może wywołać w najbliższych latach drastyczne zwiększenie luki pomiędzy faktycznymi wydatkami z wydatkami niezbędnymi do osiągnięcia wskaźnika 2% PKB. Od 2027 r. wydatki na obronność muszą być realizowane na tym poziomie, ponieważ są niezbędne dla utrzymania pozycji Niemiec w NATO jako niezawodnego partnera i bliskich stosunków z USA.
Enhancing the power amplifier performance of an optical-OTFS modulation for optical communication system
Authors: Kumar Arun , Gaur Nishant , Mallam Madhavi , Nanthaamornphong Aziz
Published: February 2024

Future wireless networks extensively employ the two-dimensional Optical-Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (O-OTFS) modulation system due to its increased dependability, flexibility, and data throughput. When there is a lot of movement, OTFS offers improved connectivity performance. While OFDM functions in the time-frequency domain, O-OTFS modulation acts in the delay-Doppler domain. This study provides an overview of how OTFS functions in the delay-Doppler domain, as well as its benefits and drawbacks. Next-generation networks utilize this modulation method in various applications, such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication, communication in mountainous areas, high-speed mobility, and train communication. This paper provides an easy-to-understand overview of the PAPR algorithms and its reduction in O-OTFS modulation.
Thermo-responsive poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) brushes as substrate-independent release coatings for cell culture and selective cell separation and purification
Authors: Schulte Anna , Wesner Daniel , Müller Mareike , Schönherr Holger
Published: February 2024

A systematic study on the surface-initiated polymerization of di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from glass, silicon, titanium as well as tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) is reported in an attempt to expand the known thermoresponsive poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA) cell release layers on gold to other substrates. The use of these substrate materials requires an altered immobilization chemistry to couple a bromide containing ATRP initiator to the surfaces. Using aminosilanes or polydopamine as coupling layers for the attachment of α-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BiBB) and the direct functionalization of surface hydroxyl groups with trichlorosilane-functionalized ATRP initiators all surfaces studied were shown to facilitate the growth of PDEGMA brushes using the same conditions that were reported previously for polymerization on gold. The brush layers obtained were characterized systematically using wetting, ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. Selective cell release and separation of PaTu 8988t and NIH 3T3 cells, which are known to exhibit different behavior after temperature drop-induced brush swelling, was observed for all substrates, albeit for different brush thicknesses, implying variations in initiator and also PDEGMA grafting density. The successful modification of biomedically relevant materials (Ti and TCPS) implies that the previously reported stem cell purification and selective cell release of various cell types, which is facilitated by PDEGMA brushes, can be realized and consequently scaled up in the future.
Yeghegis-1 rockshelter site: new investigations into the late Chalcolithic of Armenia
Authors: Antonosyan Mariya , Saribekyan Mariam , Mkrtchyan Satenik , Hovhannisyan Anahit , Frahm Ellery , Roberts Patrick , Bobokhyan Arsen , Azatyan Karen , Yepiskoposyan Levon , Amano Noel
Published: February 2024

Excavations at Yeghegis-1, a rockshelter in southern Armenia, reveal long-term human habitation from the late fifth to mid-fourth millennia BC. Here, the authors present a preliminary overview of the materials recovered from the site and highlight the potential of ongoing research to shed light on Chalcolithic human lifeways in the region.
Dopamine D1-Receptor Organization Contributes to Functional Brain Architecture
Authors: Pedersen Robin , Johansson Jarkko , Nordin Kristin , Rieckmann Anna , Wåhlin Anders , Nyberg Lars , Bäckman Lars , Salami Alireza
Published: February 2024

Recent work has recognized a gradient-like organization in cortical function, spanning from primary sensory to transmodal cortices. It has been suggested that this axis is aligned with regional differences in neurotransmitter expression. Given the abundance of dopamine D1-receptors (D1DR), and its importance for modulation and neural gain, we tested the hypothesis that D1DR organization is aligned with functional architecture, and that inter-regional relationships in D1DR co-expression modulate functional cross talk. Using the world's largest dopamine D1DR-PET and MRI database (N = 180%, 50% female), we demonstrate that D1DR organization follows a unimodal–transmodal hierarchy, expressing a high spatial correspondence to the principal gradient of functional connectivity. We also demonstrate that individual differences in D1DR density between unimodal and transmodal regions are associated with functional differentiation of the apices in the cortical hierarchy. Finally, we show that spatial co-expression of D1DR primarily modulates couplings within, but not between, functional networks. Together, our results show that D1DR co-expression provides a biomolecular layer to the functional organization of the brain.
Relationship between four insulin resistance surrogates and left ventricular hypertrophy among hypertensive adults: a case–control study
Authors: Zhai Yumei , Fu Haiming , Li Yu , Li Siyuan , Zhang Wenchen , Yue Jianwei , Wang Zichao
Published: February 2024

Background

Hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is intricately linked to insulin resistance (IR). This research aimed to elucidate the relationship of advanced indices, namely the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, the TyG adjusted for body mass index (TyG-BMI), the triglycerides-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c), and the metabolic score for IR (METS-IR), with LVH in hypertensive cohorts.

Methods

This analytical case–control investigation encompassed 800 individuals aged 18 or above from the Cardiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College over a span from January 2021 to April 2022. Data extraction was conducted from inpatient records. The nexus between the four metrics and LVH susceptibility was ascertained via logistic regression models. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve’s area (AUC) shed light on the discriminative capacities of the distinct IR indicators for LVH, considering other concomitant risk variables.

Results

Post multifaceted covariate adjustments, the fourth quartile figures for TyG-BMI emerged as the most starkly significant (OR: 5.211, 95% CI: 2.861–9.492), succeeded by METS-IR (OR: 4.877, 95% CI: 2.693–8.835). In juxtaposition with other IR-derived indices (TyG and TG/HDL-c), TyG-BMI manifested the paramount AUC (AUC: 0.657; 95% CI: 0.606–0.708). Concurrently, METS-IR exhibited commendable predictive efficacy for LVH (AUC: 0.646; 95% CI: 0.595–0.697).

Conclusion

TyG-BMI and METS-IR displayed superior discriminative capabilities for LVH, underscoring their potential as supplementary indicators in gauging LVH peril in clinical settings and prospective epidemiological research.
Association of weight-adjusted waist index and diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ding Yunyi , Lv Siyao , Xie Ruijie , Ye Wei , Luo Yichen , Li Yayu
Published: February 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and diabetic kidney disease in individuals afflicted with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Comprehensive data were ascertained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2013–March 2020. Weighted univariate, multivariate logistic regression models, subgroup analyses and tests for interaction were performed. Additionally, we employed smooth curve fitting to assess linear correlations and the threshold effects were calculated by applying a binary linear regression model. Breakpoints are identified by a model with maximum likelihood ratio and a two-step recursive approach. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) along with the area under the curve (AUC) value predict the capability of WWI and body mass index for diabetic kidney disease.

Results

A total of 10,661 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were included, and the overall prevalence of diabetic kidney disease was 20.74%. WWI exhibited a positive correlation with the likelihood of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes patients (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03–1.33). The results of subgroup analysis showed significant interaction for gender (P < 0.05). Among female patients, U-shaped correlations were observed with a breakpoint at 11.48. Additionally, weight-adjusted waist index (AUC = 0.664) proved to be a more effective predictor of diabetic kidney disease compared to body mass index (AUC = 0.555).

Conclusion

In patients with type 2 diabetes, increased weight-adjusted-waist index is implicated with an increased risk of diabetic kidney disease. WWI can be used as a new anthropometric index to predict diabetic kidney disease, and its predictive ability is stronger than body mass index.