bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin as Chronic Maintenance Antiplatelet Monotherapy in Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis of the HOST‐EXAM Trial
Authors: Kang Jeehoon , Park Sang‐Hyeon , Park Kyung Woo , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Lee Huijin , Han Minju , Hwang Doyeon , Yang Han‐Mo , Chae In‐Ho , Shin Won‐Yong , Oh Ju Hyeon , Kim Yong Hoon , Park Tae‐Ho , Kim Bum Soo , Han Jung‐Kyu , Shin Eun‐Seok , Kim Hyo‐Soo
Published: September 2024

Background

Clopidogrel monotherapy improved clinical outcomes compared with aspirin monotherapy during a chronic maintenance period in patients who underwent coronary stenting in the HOST‐EXAM (Harmonizing Optimal Strategy for Treatment of Coronary Artery Stenosis–Extended Antiplatelet Monotherapy) trial. However, it is uncertain whether the beneficial effect of clopidogrel over aspirin is different according to the renal function.

Methods and Results

We conducted a post hoc analysis of the HOST‐EXAM trial. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
. The primary end point was a composite of all‐cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, readmission due to acute coronary syndrome, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium bleeding type ≥3, during the 2‐year follow up. Among the 5438 patients enrolled in the HOST‐EXAM trial, 4844 patients (mean age, 63.3±10.6 years; 74.9% men) with a baseline creatinine value were analyzed in this study. A total of 508 (10.5%) patients had CKD, who were at higher risk of the primary end point compared with those without CKD (hazard ratio [HR], 2.01 [95% CI, 1.51–2.67]). Clopidogrel monotherapy was associated with a lower rate of the primary end point in both patients with CKD (HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.44–1.25]) and patients without CKD (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.56–0.91]). No significant interaction was observed between the treatment effect and CKD status (
P
for interaction=0.889).

Conclusions

During the chronic maintenance period after coronary stenting, the risk of thrombotic and bleeding events was significantly higher in patients with CKD compared with those without CKD. There was no statistical difference in the treatment effect of clopidogrel monotherapy in those with versus without CKD.
Association Between Oral Anticoagulant Adherence and Serious Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Long‐Term Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Safari Abdollah , Helisaz Hamed , Salmasi Shahrzad , Adelakun Adenike , De Vera Mary A. , Andrade Jason G. , Deyell Marc W. , Loewen Peter
Published: September 2024

Background

Patients with atrial fibrillation are frequently nonadherent to oral anticoagulants (OACs) prescribed for stroke and systemic embolism (SSE) prevention. We quantified the relationship between OAC adherence and atrial fibrillation clinical outcomes using methods not previously applied to this problem.

Methods and Results

Retrospective observational cohort study of incident cases of atrial fibrillation from population‐based administrative data over 23 years. The exposure of interest was proportion of days covered during 90 days before an event or end of follow‐up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate time to first SSE and the composite of SSE, transient ischemic attack, or death and several secondary outcomes. A total of 44 172 patients were included with median follow‐up of 6.7 years. For direct OACs (DOACs), each 10% decrease in adherence was associated with a 14% increased hazard of SSE and 5% increased hazard of SSE, transient ischemic attack, or death. For vitamin K antagonist (VKA) the corresponding increase in SSE hazard was 3%. Receiving DOAC or VKA was associated with primary outcome hazard reduction across most the proportion of days covered spectrum. Differences between VKA and DOAC were statistically significant for all efficacy outcomes and at most adherence levels.

Conclusions

Even small reductions in OAC adherence in patients with atrial fibrillation were associated with significant increases in risk of stroke, with greater magnitudes for DOAC than VKA. DOAC recipients may be more vulnerable than VKA recipients to increased risk of stroke and death even with small reductions in adherence. The worsening efficacy outcomes associated with decreasing adherence occurred without the benefit of major bleeding reduction.
Pharmacist Use of a Population Management Dashboard for Safe Anticoagulant Prescribing: Evaluation of a Nationwide Implementation Effort
Authors: Barnes Geoffrey D. , Chen Charity , Holleman Rob , Errickson Joshua , Seagull F. Jacob , Dorsch Michael P. , Allen Arthur L. , Spoutz Patrick , Sussman Jeremy B.
Published: September 2024

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have complex dosing regimens and are often incorrectly prescribed. We evaluated a nationwide DOAC population management dashboard rollout whose purpose includes pharmacist review and correction of off‐label dosing prescriptions.

Methods and Results

Using data from Veterans Health Affairs, we identified all patients prescribed DOACs for atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism between August 2015 and December 2019. Sites were grouped on the basis of the timing of moderate‐high usage of the DOAC population management tool dashboard. Effectiveness was defined as the monthly rate of off‐label DOAC prescribing and the rate of clinical adverse events (bleeding, composite of stroke or venous thromboembolism). Implementation was evaluated as the percentage of off‐label DOAC prescriptions changed within 7 days. Among the 128 652 patients receiving DOAC therapy at 123 centers, between 6.9% and 8.6% had off‐label DOAC prescriptions. Adoption of the DOAC population management tool dashboard before July 2018 was associated with a decline in off‐label dosing prescriptions (8.7%–7.6%). Only 1 group demonstrated a significant reduction in monthly rates of bleeding following implementation. All sites experienced a reduction in the composite of venous thromboembolism or stroke following dashboard adoption. There was no difference in the implementation outcome of DOAC prescription change within 7 days in any of the adoption groups.

Conclusions

Early adoption of the DOAC population management tool dashboard was associated with decreased rates of off‐label DOAC dosing prescription and reduced bleeding. Following adoption of the DOAC population management tool dashboard, all sites experienced reductions in venous thromboembolism and stroke events.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy and Outcomes in Acute Mild to Moderate Stroke With Versus Without Large‐Artery Atherosclerosis Post Hoc Analysis of ATAMIS
Authors: Cui Yu , Liu Quan‐Ying , Chen Hui‐Sheng
Published: September 2024

Background

We conducted a post hoc analysis of the ATAMIS (Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Mild to Moderate Ischemic Stroke) trial to investigate whether the priority of clopidogrel plus aspirin to aspirin alone was consistent between patients with and without stroke pathogenesis of large‐artery atherosclerosis (LAA).

Methods and Results

Patients with stroke classification randomized to a clopidogrel‐plus‐aspirin group and aspirin‐alone group in a modified intention‐to‐treat analysis set of ATAMIS were classified into LAA and non‐LAA subtypes. The primary outcome was early neurologic deterioration at 7 days, defined as a >2‐point increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score compared with baseline, and safety outcomes were bleeding events and intracranial hemorrhage. We compared treatment effects in each stroke subtype and investigated the interaction. Among 2910 patients, 225 were assigned into the LAA subtype (119 in the clopidogrel‐plus‐aspirin group and 106 in the aspirin‐alone group) and 2685 into the non‐LAA subtype (1380 in the clopidogrel‐plus‐aspirin group and 1305 in the aspirin‐alone group). Median age was 66 years, and 35% were women. A lower proportion of early neurologic deterioration was found to be associated with dual antiplatelet therapy in the LAA subtype (adjusted risk difference, −10.4% [95% CI, −16.2% to −4.7%];
P
=0.001) but not in the non‐LAA subtype (adjusted risk difference, −1.4% [95% CI, −2.6% to 0.1%];
P
=0.06). No significant interaction was found (
P
=0.11).

Conclusions

Compared with the non‐LAA subtype, patients with stroke of the LAA subtype may get more benefit from dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel plus aspirin with respect to early neurologic deterioration at 7 days.

Registration

URL:
clinicaltrials.gov
; UnIque identifier: NCT02869009.
L’actualité du style à la lumière des Soulsborne
Authors: Dernoncourt Pierre
Published: September 2024

La notion de style permet d’aborder certains questionnements relatifs à l’analyse du jeu vidéo sous un jour nouveau, en tenant ensemble les pôles de la création et de la réception vidéoludiques dans un horizon esthétique. De surcroît, les interrogations liées à la notion d’auteur, employée dans le champ vidéoludique depuis une quinzaine d’années, engagent une réflexion approfondie sur la notion de style auctorial et sa pertinence dans un medium caractérisé par une production standardisée, sous-tendue par des contraintes techniques et des conventions laissant peu de place à l’individualité créatrice. C’est essentiellement sur le mode de l’écart que ce vocable révèle toute sa richesse pour analyser la série de jeux vidéo ayant le plus marqué la décennie passée : les Soulsborne. Ces œuvres sont indissociables de leur auteur, Hidetaka Miyazaki, et sont caractérisées par une direction artistique et un game design originaux et exemplaires pour l’ensemble du medium vidéoludique.
Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new Hymenochaete species (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) from China
Authors: LI YUNCHAO , CHEN MINGLAN , XIAO WENYUAN , ZHANG JUNZHONG , ZHAO CHANGLIN
Published: September 2024

Wood-inhabiting fungi play an essential role in forest ecosystems as an important group of decomposers, which are found in living trees, dead standing trees, decorticated trunks, fallen branches, as well as manufactured wood. A new wood-inhabiting fungus Hymenochaete sinensis, belonging to the family Hymenochaetaceae, is described and illustrated based on the morphological characteristics and molecular data. Hymenochaete sinensis sp. nov. is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiomata with aurantium to coconut brown to brownish black hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system having the simple-septate with distinctly thick-walled generative hyphae, and ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring as 4–5 × 2.5–3.5 µm. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS+nLSU rDNA sequences confirmed that the new species belongs to the genus Hymenochaete. The ITS phylogenetic tree revealed that the new taxon is closely related to species of Hymenochaete longispora and H. quercicola.
Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Hygrophorus robustus (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) from southwestern China
Authors: HUANG HONG-YAN , WANG RAN , ZHANG WEN-HAO , YU FU-QIANG , TANG LI-PING
Published: September 2024

Hygrophorus robustus was originally described from Yunnan province, China. This taxon is characterized by its robust basidiomata, salmon buff lamellae, tapered toward the base of the stipe, the odor of Tricholoma matsutake, the absence of cystidia and clamp connections, and a symbiotic association with Castanopsis delavayi. In this study, the phylogenetic position of this taxon is inferred by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The ITS result showed that it is nested within the genus Tricholoma and is affiliated with the North American T. grave. The morphological anatomy of this species also shows that its characteristics fit the concept of the genus Tricholoma, such as regular lamellar trama. Thus, H. robustus should be taxonomically transferred to Tricholoma, and the name of the new combination should be T. robustum. However, this name was used in the genus as Tricholoma robustum (Alb. & Schwein.) Ricken. Thus, we propose a new name T. aurantiophyllum for H. robustus.
A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: ZHENG XINYI , WU SAN’AN
Published: September 2024

The research history of the family Margarodidae Cockerell sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) from China is reviewed. Four species of Porphyrophora Brandt and three species of Neomargarodes Green from China are described and illustrated, including three new species: Neomargarodes chenopodium Zheng & Wu, sp. nov. based on the morphology of the adult female, first-instar nymph and second-instar female and male nymphs (cysts); Porphyrophora ejinensis Zheng & Wu, sp. nov. based on the adult female, second-instar female nymph (cyst) and third-instar female nymph (cyst); and Porphyrophora neimonggolensis Zheng & Wu, sp. nov. based on the adult female. Porphyrophora ningxiana Yang, 1979, stat. rest. is resurrected from synonymy under Porphyrophora sophorae (Archangelskaya, 1935), and lectotypes of Neomargarodes gossypii Yang, 1979 and P. ningxiana Yang are designated. A record of Porphyrophora ussuriensis Borchsenius, 1949 from China was found to be based on a misidentification. An identification key to genera and species of Margarodidae s.s. found in China is provided, based on adult female morphology.
Description of the first Brazilian species of the genus Malacocis Gorham (Coleoptera: Ciidae)
Authors: ARAUJO LUCIMAR S. , LOPES-ANDRADE CRISTIANO
Published: September 2024

The genus Malacocis Gorham comprises species characterized by a short and broad body, a pronotum usually narrowed anteriorly, a spinose protibial apex, and a strap-like prosternum with a narrow prosternal process. Currently, it includes two species: the type-species M. championi Gorham, from Guatemala; and M. brevicollis (Casey) from eastern USA and Canada. Here we describe Malacocis pankararu sp. nov. from the Caatinga biome of the Northeast Region of Brazil. The new species is distinguished by its antennae with 10 antennomeres, with the 6th antennomere being wider and more conspicuous than the 5th and 7th. Additionally, males possess two small anterocephalic tubercles, a vertexal sex patch, and a small abdominal sex patch.
Countering hegemonism in the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Ping Jonathan
Published: September 2024

The global COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and accentuated the irreconcilable differences among Indo-Pacific states concerning ideology, governance, and understandings of the legitimate uses of power. The Communist Party of China is employing great power statecraft that is best described by the Chinese concept of 霸权主义 Bàquán zhŭyì (hegemonism or aggression aimed at weaker states). This ideologically driven behavior threatens the stability of the global system and may hinder the political and economic gains achieved over decades through the collective cooperation and constraint of aggressive great power statecraft. This article describes a transformation in the People's Republic of China's (PRC) approach towards Australia. It suggests that unless there's an internal upheaval in the PRC's statecraft, the global system might need to temporarily rely on mercantilist blocs to maintain human security, primarily within the democratic states of the Indo-Pacific. This survival strategy would involve resisting hegemonism.
Presage: First year music students’ experiences, understandings, expectations and aspirations on entering an undergraduate music program
Authors: Blom Diana , Brown Judith , Smyly Brendan
Published: September 2024

For professional musicians, all aspects of music play an integrated role in music-making. However, for first year music students, who usually begin their studies identifying as performers, some may question the value of learning these other areas of music. This study investigates the responses of 80 first year undergraduate music students to questions about aspects of the music study they were about to begin, and their identity as a musician. The students were enrolled in two universities located in suburban and regional Australia. Questions were given to students in their first week of the Bachelor of Music course before classes began. In doing so, the study sought to capture what experiences, understandings, expectations and aspirations incoming students bring to, and have for, an undergraduate music course, and how they identify as musicians as they begin the course. As expected, findings noted experience with music performance and the possible influence of the location of the universities in relation to a low level of music theory knowledge. Yet understanding student interest in music technology, musicology and the music of Australian First Nations people reveals presage opinions which can help design authentic curriculum for the education of the 21st century musician.
Rapidly progressive malignant glomus tumor of the breast: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Liu Xue-Juan , Hu Yi-Tao , Zhao Lin-Yong
Published: September 2024

The glomus tumor is a rare neoplasm that is typically found subungually in the extremities and functions as a specialized neurovascular organ. An extremely rare site for glomus tumors is the breast, with only a few reported cases. Breast glomus tumors present with three typical clinical signs: dull pain, focal tenderness, and cold sensitivity. Less than 10% of all glomus tumors are malignant. We herein present a case of a malignant glomus tumor originating in the breast. Distant metastasis was ruled out, and the tumor was completely resected. However, the patient unexpectedly developed rapid systemic metastasis, detected 5 weeks after tumor removal. Despite the administration of analgesics and targeted therapy, the patient died 1 month later. When treating patients with undiagnosed breast tumors, clinicians should pay attention to unexplained and repeatedly reported symptoms and consider the possibility of a rare disease. Our literature search revealed no cases of malignant glomus tumors originating in the breast, making this case the first of its kind.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report
Authors: You Sha-Sha , Lin Zhou-Ning , Sheng Li-Xia , Lai Yan-Li
Published: September 2024

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare condition characterized by air accumulation within the subserosa or submucosa of the gastrointestinal wall. We herein report a case involving a woman in her early 30s who developed PCI after undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The patient had a history of multiple COVID-19 infections. Imaging revealed extensive pneumoperitoneum and mesenteric emphysema; nevertheless, the patient remained clinically stable with a benign abdominal examination. She eventually recovered after 1 month of conservative treatment. We believe the PCI in this case had a multifactorial etiology, potentially involving both HSCT and COVID-19. Raising awareness of PCI may help avoid unnecessary surgical interventions and associated morbidity.
Association between interleukin-6 levels and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Zhang Manman , Wang Jiaojiao , Hu Fuyong
Published: September 2024

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression levels with stroke.

Methods

According to the set search strategy, we systematically screened relevant studies using PubMed and extracted study results regarding IL-6 from the literature for comprehensive quantitative analysis to explore the relationship between IL-6 level and stroke risk.

Results

This study included 15 publications with a total of 1696 participants, with 975 cases in the case group and 721 cases in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the stroke population than those in the control group (standardized mean difference = 1.22, 95% confidence interval = 0.79–1.64). Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in heterogeneity for IL-6 detection methods between the two groups ( I2 = 0, P = 0.47). The difference in heterogeneity test results regarding geographic region was statistically significant ( I2 = 89.7%, P < 0.01). The results of heterogeneity testing for mean participant age were also statistically significant ( I2 = 84.3%, P = 0.01).

Conclusion

The present study results showed that IL-6 may be significantly associated with stroke development.
Mechanical property, oxidation resistance, and ceramization mechanism of MoSi2-SiB6 reinforced phenolic resin matrix composites
Authors: Shen Qiang , Yang Suohui , Zhang Shiquan , Hu Sheng , Li Junguo , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2024

Ceramizable phenolic resin matrix composites have a significant potential for widespread applications in the field of aerospace ablation. However, due to the sharp decrease of mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, the composite fails to meet the requirements of thermal protection as well as load-bearing of aircraft in a wide temperature range. In this study, boron phenolic composites modified by MoSi2 and SiB6 with high strength in a wide temperature range are prepared. The flexural strength of composites after ablation within the temperature range of 800 °C to 1600 °C ranges from 48.07 to 82.49 MPa. In particular, a significant increase of 224.9% is obtained at 1400 °C with 6 wt% SiB6. The mass ablation rate and line ablation rate of the composites are increased to 0.054 g/s and 0.013 mm/s, respectively. The cooperation effect of oxygen consumption, carbon fixation, oxygen barrier, and liquid phase bonding produced by ceramization reactions involving SiB6, MoSi2, O2, and pyrolytic carbon at different temperatures, resulting in an improvement of the mechanical property and the oxidation resistance of the composite. These composites have a potential in long term thermal protection and load-bearing of new ablation materials.
Flexible joint model for time-to-event and non-Gaussian longitudinal outcomes
Authors: Doms Hortense , Lambert Philippe , Legrand Catherine
Published: September 2024

In medical studies, repeated measurements of biomarkers and time-to-event data are often collected during the follow-up period. To assess the association between these two outcomes, joint models are frequently considered. The most common approach uses a linear mixed model for the longitudinal part and a proportional hazard model for the survival part. The latter assumes a linear relationship between the survival covariates and the log hazard. In this work, we propose an extension allowing the inclusion of nonlinear covariate effects in the survival model using Bayesian penalized B-splines. Our model is valid for non-Gaussian longitudinal responses since we use a generalized linear mixed model for the longitudinal process. A simulation study shows that our method gives good statistical performance and highlights the importance of taking into account the possible nonlinear effects of certain survival covariates. Data from patients with a first progression of glioblastoma are analysed to illustrate the method.
Augmented Reality in Extra-Vehicular Activities: Optimizing Alert Detection and Cognitive Workload
Authors: Cloutier Melissa , Aagarwal Shrreya , Zhang Yining , Manansala Jasmine M. , Zheng Michelle , Kuo Daniel H. , Rubin Benjamin , Park Chloe S. , Culcu Mert , Lee Justin
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of augmented reality (AR) system complexity (active vs. passive) and lighting conditions (normal, dark, glare) on task performance, cognitive workload, and alert detection during simulated extravehicular activities (EVAs). Fifty-eight undergraduate students participated, using AR systems to complete tasks. Key metrics included task completion rate, completion time, alert detection, and cognitive workload assessed by the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Results showed no significant differences in task performance or cognitive workload across lighting conditions and AR types. Notably, less than 15% of participants noticed any alerts, suggesting AR alerts may lack sufficient salience. The study’s lack of significant findings is attributed to the small sample size and potential insensitivity of measures. Future research should involve larger samples and refined methodologies to better understand AR’s impact on astronaut performance and safety during EVAs.
A Comparative Evaluation of Ad Hoc Team Performance, Effectiveness, and Interactions in Modern Collaborative Technology
Authors: Schelble Beau G. , Lancaster Caitlin , Mallick Rohit , McNeese Nathan J. , Freeman Guo , Pak Richard
Published: September 2024

The current study utilizes a mixed-method approach to investigate the efficacy and affordances of three modern collaborative technologies (Slack, Google Hangouts, and Microsoft Teams). Distributed teams of three participants collaborated to plan a simulated trip with various requirements using one of three modern collaborative technologies (Slack, Google Hangouts, Microsoft Teams). The study elicited team performance, perceived platform usability, and qualitative focus group data. Quantitative results show that Microsoft Teams resulted in significantly worse team performance than Slack and Google Hangouts; additionally, only Slack was positively associated with its usability and team members’ perceptions of team effectiveness. Two themes were identified regarding how these technologies afforded and shaped team practices and social interactions: (a) technology leads to a loosely defined (or no) leadership, and (b) technology promotes the sense of team and trust in ad hoc teams performing fast-paced and time-sensitive tasks.
IC-ECG guided PICC tip location in a dextrocardia: A case report
Authors: Qiao Weiru , Qiao Liping , Li Dongdong , Wang Yuanyong , Ren Yaru , Liu Qiao , Wang Ying , Li Yufang , Wang Dongdong , Lv Feifei , Wu Rong , Shi Yuan , Hou Lihua , Yan Xiaolong
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Mirror people have difficulty with PICC placement due to inversion of organs. Intracavitary electrocardiography (IC-ECG) guided peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) tip location technique has been widely applied in clinical practice.

Case description:

Herein, we admitted a 59-year-old man diagnosed with esophageal cancer (EC). Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) revealed that the patient was with a mirror-image dextrocardia and situs inversus totalis: the heart and stomach located in the right side of the body, whereas the liver located in the left side. Echocardiography suggested that the apex of the heart pointed toward the right, while the left and right chambers were inverted. The relationship of the heart chambers, structure, and function were normal: left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.67, left atrial diameter was 31 mm, and heart output was 4.7 L/min. Surface ECG showed typical features of a dextrocardia: P-wave inverted on lead I. Amplitude of the R-wave and S-wave decreased gradually on lead chest from V1 to V5. Compared with the normal ECG image, the waves completely exchanged on lead II and III, so as on aVR and aVL.

Methods:

Column of saline technique can assist operator estimate the tip position in real-time according to P-wave changes. When the height of P-wave reaches to its highest, it means that the tip of catheter has advanced to the target position of cavo-atrial junction (CAJ).

Outcomes:

Patient was inserted catheter and no adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:

Measuring the predicted length of catheter is still an indispensible procedure to help precisely adjusting the tip position in IC-ECG guided PICC. Our work provides both supplement for clinical data to facilitate further research and better understanding of special types of PICC to clinicians.
Wire-arc-additively manufactured Bi metallic structure: Mechanical properties and microstructural characterization
Authors: Subramaniyan Mohan Kumar , Thirugnanasambandam Arunkumar
Published: September 2024

In this investigation, the fabrication and mechanical properties of Bi metallic structure walls produced using wire-arc-additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique, employing stainless steel (SS) 316L and 304 filler wires, are examined. The findings reveal that SS 304 exhibits superior mechanical attributes compared to SS 316L, notably showcasing impressive tensile strength and exceptional ductility. Bi metallic structure, meticulously constructed using both SS 316L and SS 304 filler wires, effectively replicates these distinctive mechanical properties, rendering it highly desirable for application prioritizing mechanical performance. The observed enhancement in strength is attributed to variations in microstructure resulting from a complex thermal history. Microstructural and crystallographic analyses of Bi metallic structure are conducted using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron backscattered diffraction spectroscopy (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Additionally, tensile strength (TS) of Bi metallic structure surpasses that of WAAM SS 316L by 3.95%. This comprehensive research not only elucidates the intricate process of material selection in additive manufacturing but also underscores the significant potential of Bi metallic structure in meeting the stringent demands of engineering applications requiring exceptional mechanical properties.
Creative destruction? Exploring the deliberate destruction of possessions by consumers
Authors: Round Griff
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this article is to explore consumption practices that involve the deliberate destruction of meaningful possessions; in particular, what motivates consumers to do so, why they choose it over other divestment options and what value creation do they expect from this. This is a consumer choice acknowledged but lacking in extant research, theoretical or empirical. From the existing literature a qualitative study was developed, consisting of a series of exploratory interviews with consumers who considered that they had engaged in possession destruction. From analysis of the identified themes, we developed a temporal process, where possession destruction creates self-wellbeing for the consumer, through the elimination of negative symbolic value associated with the possession. The existence of ritualistic and taboo behaviour suggests that this type of consumption can also be conceptualised as a social, violent, and sacrificial process.
Assessing Participation in Stroke Survivors: Psychometric Properties of the Participation Measurement Scale (PM-Scale) Brazil
Authors: Pereira Gabriela Santos , Corrêa Fernanda Ishida , Dos Santos Heyriane Martins , De Amorim Victor Hugo Alexandre , Thonnard Jean-Louis , Kossi Oyéné , Corrêa João Carlos Ferrari , Silva Soraia Micaela
Published: September 2024

Initial evidence supports the reliability of the Participation Measurement Scale (PM-Scale) in Brazil, but further exploration of its psychometric properties is needed for Brazilian stroke survivors. The aim of the study is to analyze the reliability, convergent validity, internal consistency, and accuracy of the PM-Scale Brazil. A methodological study involved three assessments over intervals of 7–14 days. Reliability was evaluated through the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient to evaluate the alignment of the PM-Scale Brazil with the SATIS-Stroke. Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach’s α. Accuracy was estimated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The study involved 110 stroke survivors, revealing adequate intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. A significant weak correlation was observed between the PM-Scale and SATIS-Stroke. Internal consistency and accuracy were adequate. The PM-Scale Brazil demonstrates good reliability, internal consistency, and sensitivity. However, its weak correlation with SATIS-Stroke suggests limited convergent validity.
Optimizing Oil Distributor Port for Low-Pulsation Cam-Lobe Hydraulic Motors
Authors: Duan Yiman , Tan Hao , Fang Yu , Zheng Zhijian , Zhang Junhui , Xu Bing , Su Qi , Zhang Chao
Published: September 2024

High-end equipment always operate in low-speed and heavy-load working environments, highlighting the need for cam-lobe hydraulic motors with excellent speed stability (< 1 r/min) and ultrahigh-power rotary output (> 1 MW). The successful operation of cam-lobe hydraulic motors relies on the circulation supply of high- and low-pressure oil. However, the switching between high-/low-pressure oil controlled by the oil distributor inevitably causes an obvious pressure impact and speed pulsation, which directly reduces the speed stability of hydraulic motors. Therefore, an optimization design approach for the oil distributor port is proposed to minimize the speed pulsation of cam-lobe hydraulic motors. In the proposed approach, a simulation model that links the oil distributor port structural parameters with the hydraulic motor speed pulsation was developed to clarify the effect of the oil distributor structural parameters on speed pulsation. Then, an orthogonal analysis method was used to identify the optimized oil distributor port structural parameters while minimizing the hydraulic motor’s speed pulsation as much as possible. Finally, several experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed optimization design approach. The experimental results indicate that the pulsation rate of the hydraulic motor equipped with the optimized oil distributor was 62.5% lower than that of the original motor at a working pressure of 25 MPa, which is consistent with the simulation results using the proposed optimization design approach. The findings of this study offer a feasible and effective approach to guide the design optimization of the oil distributor port for low-pulsation hydraulic motors.
Evaluation of the physical properties of bromelain-modified biodentine for direct pulp capping
Authors: Agrawal Paridhi , Chandak Manoj , Patel Aditya , Bhopatkar Jay
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aims to evaluate the compressive strength, solubility, radiopacity, and flow of Bromelain (BR)-modified Biodentine (BD) for direct pulp capping (DPC). This is suggested to determine the impact of BR on the physical properties of BD.

Methods

Eighty samples were prepared according to the ISO and ADA specifications and evaluated for compressive strength, solubility, radiopacity, and flow. The compressive strength was evaluated at 24 h and 21 days via a universal testing machine. The solubility was determined by weight loss after 24-hours immersion in deionized water. Radiopacity was assessed via X-ray with aluminum step-wedges, and flow was measured by the diameter of the discs under a standard weight. Independent sample t-tests were used to statistically assess the data. A significance level of 5% was considered.

Results

The compressive strength was 41.08 ± 1.84 MPa for BD and 40.92 ± 1.80 MPa for BR + BD after 24 h, and 88.93 ± 3.39 MPa for BD and 87.92 ± 3.76 MPa for BR + BD after 21 days, with no significant differences. Solubility was slightly greater in the BR + BD (2.75 ± 0.10%) compared to BD (2.62 ± 0.25%), but not significantly different. The radiopacity was similar between BD (2.82 ± 0.11 mm) and BR + BD (2.73 ± 0.10 mm). BR + BD resulted in significantly greater flow (9.99 ± 0.18 mm) than did BD (9.65 ± 0.27 mm) (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

BR-modified BD maintains BD’s physical properties, with improved flow, making it a promising DPC agent that warrants further study.
The association between cumulative exposure to PM2.5 and DNA methylation measured using methyl-capture sequencing among COPD patients
Authors: Ji Hyun Woo , Kang Jieun , Kim Hwan-Cheol , Jung Junghee , Lee Seon-Jin , Jung Ji Ye , Lee Sei Won
Published: September 2024

Background

Particulate matter with a diameter of < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) influences gene regulation via DNA methylation; however, its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to examine the connection between personal PM2.5 exposure and DNA methylation in CpG islands as well as explore the associated gene pathways.

Methods

A total of 95 male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were enrolled in this study. PM2.5 concentrations were measured for 12 months, with individual exposure recorded for 24 h every 3 months. Mean indoor and estimated individual PM2.5 exposure levels were calculated for short-term (7 days), mid-term (35 days), and long-term (90 days). DNA methylation analysis was performed on the blood samples, which, after PCR amplification and hybridization, were finally sequenced using an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system. Correlation between PM2.5 exposure and CpG methylation sites was confirmed via a mixed-effects model. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on unique CpG methylation sites associated with PM2.5 exposure to identify the relevant biological functions or pathways.

Results

The number of CpG sites showing differential methylation was 36, 381, and 182 for the short-, mid-, and long-term indoor models, respectively, and 3, 98, and 28 for the short-, mid-, and long-term estimated exposure models, respectively. The representative genes were TMTC2 (p = 1.63 × 10-3, R2 = 0.656), GLRX3 (p = 1.46 × 10-3, R2 = 0.623), DCAF15 (p = 2.43 × 10-4, R2 = 0.623), CNOT6L (p = 1.46 × 10-4, R2 = 0.609), BSN (p = 2.21 × 10-5, R2 = 0.606), and SENP6 (p = 1.59 × 10-4, R2 = 0.604). Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the related genes were mostly associated with pathways related to synaptic transmission in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.

Conclusion

A significant association was observed between PM2.5 exposure and DNA methylation upon short-term exposure, and the extent of DNA methylation was the highest upon mid-term exposure. Additionally, various pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer were associated with patients with COPD.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier

NCT04878367.
Association of parental adverse childhood experiences with offspring sleep problems: the role of psychological distress and harsh discipline
Authors: Zhu Yantong , Zhang Gengli , Zhan Shuwei
Published: September 2024

Background

Sleep problems are common in early childhood and may be affected by parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, few studies have examined the longitudinal effect of parental ACEs on offspring sleep problems and the underlying mechanism. This study examined parents’ psychological distress and harsh discipline (psychological aggression and corporal punishment) as mediators in the longitudinal pathway from parental ACEs to offspring sleep problems.

Methods

The participants included 617 3-year-old children (mean age of 43.13 months, SD = 3.82) and their parents (mean age of 33.24 years, SD = 4.01) from Wuhu, China. The participants completed an online questionnaire on ACEs, psychological distress, and demographic characteristics in September 2022 (Time 1). Parents completed another online questionnaire in September 2023 (Time 2) on harsh discipline and offspring sleep problems. A path model was used to examine the associations.

Results

Parental ACEs did not directly predict offspring sleep problems. Psychological distress (β = 0.041, 95% CI [0.005, 0.111]) and harsh discipline in the form of psychological aggression (β = 0.019, 95% CI [0.006, 0.056]) separately mediated the relationship between parental ACEs and offspring sleep problems. Psychological distress and psychological aggression also played a serial mediating role in the association of parental ACEs with offspring sleep problems (β = 0.014, 95% CI [0.007, 0.038]).

Conclusions

Our findings showed the importance of psychological distress and psychological aggression in the intergenerational effect of trauma on offspring sleep problems. Specific interventions aimed at improving mental health and parenting practices should be provided for parents who were exposed to ACEs.
Early transcriptomic response of innate immune cells to subcutaneous BCG vaccination of mice
Authors: Kondratyeva Liya , Kuzmich Alexey , Linge Irina , Pleshkan Victor , Rakitina Olga , Kondratieva Sofia , Snezhkov Eugene , Sass Alexander , Alekseenko Irina
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Current data suggests that Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination contributes to nonspecific enhancement of resistance to various infections. Thus, BCG vaccination induces both specific immunity against mycobacteria and non-specific “trained immunity” against various pathogens. To understand the fundamental mechanisms of “trained” immunity, studies of transcriptome changes occurring during BCG vaccination in innate immunity cells, as well as in their precursors, are necessary. Furthermore, this data possesses important significance for practical applications associated with the development of recombinant BCG strains aimed to enhance innate immunity against diverse infectious agents.

Data description

We performed RNA sequencing of innate immune cells derived from murine bone marrow and spleen three days after subcutaneous BCG vaccination. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting we obtained three cell populations for each mouse from both control and BCG vaccinated groups: bone marrow monocytes and neutrophils and splenic NK-cells. Then double-indexed cDNA libraries for Illumina sequencing from the collected samples were prepared, the resulting cDNA library mix was subjected to NovaSeq 6000 sequencing. This paper describes the collection of 24 RNA sequencing samples comprising 4 sets of immune cell populations obtained from subcutaneously BCG-vaccinated and control mice
Exploring barriers and facilitators to addressing hazardous alcohol use and AUD in mental health services: a qualitative study among Dutch professionals
Authors: Kools Nathalie , Rozema Andrea D. , van den Bulck Fieke A. E. , Bovens Rob H. L. M. , Mathijssen Jolanda J. P. , van de Mheen Dike
Published: September 2024

Background

Hazardous alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are highly prevalent among clients in mental health services, yet significant gaps remain in the adequate assessment of alcohol use and provision of appropriate alcohol interventions. The aim of this study was to conduct an exploration of (i) alcohol intervention elements used in mental health services and (ii) professionals’ reported barriers and facilitators in identifying and intervening with hazardous alcohol use and AUD.

Methods

Qualitative data were obtained by conducting semi-structured interviews among a purposive sample of 18 professionals from 13 different Dutch mental health services organizations (i.e., five integrated mental health organizations with addiction services, five mental health organizations without addiction services, and three addiction services organizations without mental health services). Transcripts were qualitatively analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Identified alcohol intervention elements included conducting assessments, brief interventions, treatment, referrals of clients, collaborations with other parties, and providing information to professionals. Professionals mentioned nine barriers and facilitators in the identification and intervention with hazardous alcohol use and AUD, including three aspects of professionals’ behavior (i.e., professionals’ agenda setting, knowledge and skills, and attitudes), actions related to identification and intervening, client contact, collaboration with other parties, and three factors in a wider context (i.e., organizational characteristics, organizational resources, and governmental aspects).

Conclusions

Although diverse alcohol intervention elements are available in Dutch mental health services, it remains unclear to what extent these are routinely implemented. To better address hazardous alcohol use and AUD in mental health services, efforts should focus on enhancing alcohol training, improving collaboration with addiction services, providing appropriate tools, and facilitating support through organizational and governmental measures.
Mapping eating disorders in adolescents and young adults: an investigation of geographic distribution and access to care in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Pang Nelson , Nagata Jason M. , Testa Alexander , Ganson Kyle T.
Published: September 2024

Background

There is limited research on the spatial distribution of eating disorders and the proximity to available eating disorder services. Therefore, this study investigates the distribution of eating disorders among adolescents and young adults in Ontario, Canada, with a specific focus on geographic disparities and access to publicly-funded specialized eating disorder services.

Methods

A community sample of 1,377 adolescents and young adults ages 16–30 across Ontario between November and December 2021 participated in this study and completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, we mapped the geographic prevalence of eating disorders and examined proximity to specialized eating disorder services. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were utilized to determine the association between geographic region and eating disorder symptomatology. Additionally, t-tests were utilized to examine differences between time/distance to specialized services and clinical risk for eating disorders.

Results

Applying geospatial analysis techniques, we detected significant spatial clusters denoting higher eating disorder scores in rural areas and areas with fewer specialized services. Likewise, our findings report disparities between rural and urban areas, suggesting that rural regions exhibit elevated rates of eating disorders. There were no associations between distance/time to services and eating disorder symptomology.

Conclusions

The discrepancies in eating disorder symptomology between urban/rural may stem from stigma and unique socio-cultural contexts in rural communities. The study underscores the need for targeted intervention, including telehealth, in addressing the eating disorder challenges faced by adolescents and young adults in rural regions.
A snapshot of the climate in the Middle Pleistocene inferred from a stalagmite from central Japan
Authors: Sakai Masataka , Hori Masako , Uemura Ryu , Ghaleb Bassam , Pinti Daniele L. , Yumiba Mahiro , Murayama Masafumi , Kano Akihiro
Published: September 2024

Stalagmites are useful archives in reconstructing paleoclimates: most paleoclimate studies used stalagmites that are distributed in specific locations and ages. We examined a stalagmite (GYM-1) collected from Nara Prefecture, central Japan, where limestone areas are limited. Applying 238U–234U method, the ages of GYM-1 were determined as 744 ± 70 to 677 ± 74 ka (based only on analytical uncertainties, 1σ). Even assuming a 10% uncertainty in the initial activity of 234U/238U, (234U/238U)0, this age could be still older than 460 ka. Temperatures calculated based on δD in the fluid inclusions and δ18O in the calcium carbonate ranged from 9.0 to 11.9 °C (10.8 ± 0.9 °C on average) or from 6.0 to 9.1 °C (7.9 ± 0.9 °C on average) depending on the equation. The estimated temperature suggests that GYM-1 formed during an interglacial period of the Middle Pleistocene. Synchronous behavior of isotopic values with lamination likely reflects seasonal temperature in a highly ventilated cave system.