bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Transmission of a 12D Format Across Three Coupled Spatial Modes of a 3-Core Coupled-Core Fiber at 4 bits/s/Hz
Authors: Essiambre René-Jean , Ryf Roland , van der Heide Sjoerd , Bonetti Juan I. , Huang Hanzi , Kodialam Murali , García-Gómez Francisco Javier , Burrows Ellsworth C. , Alvarado-Zacarias Juan C. , Amezcua-Correa Rodrigo , Chen Xi , Fontaine Nicolas K. , Chen Haoshuo
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate the first transmission of a space-division multiplexed 12D modulation format over a three-core coupled-core multicore fiber. The format occupies a single time slot spread across all three linearly-coupled spatial modes and shows improvements in MI and GMI after transmission compared to PDM-QPSK.
Bismuth-Doped Fiber Amplifier Operating in the Spectrally Adjacent to EDFA Range of 1425-1500 nm
Authors: Dvoyrin V.V. , Mashinsky V.M. , Turitsyn S.K.
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate a Bi-doped fiber amplifier operating in the range of 1425-1500 nm with the maximum gain of 27.9 dB, the lowest noise figure of ~5 dB, and the maximum output power of 505 mW.
Tetrahedral-Cr Enhancement Employing Dielectric Coating for Higher Gain of Broadband Cr-Doped Fiber Amplifiers
Authors: Liu Chiu-Ming , Li Jhuo-Wei , Liu Chun-Nien , Cheng Wei-Chih , Tu Charles , Shih Tien-Tsorng , Huang Sheng-Lung , Cheng Wood-Hi
Published: March 2020

We report gross gain of 8.4-dB for 300-nm broadband single-mode Cr-doped crystalline core fiber (SMCCDF) employing dielectric coating, thermal annealing, and polarization pumping techniques. This gross gain is the highest yet demonstrated of the SMCDCCFs.
High-Performance Preamble Design and Upstream Burst-Mode Detection in 100 -Gb/s/λ TDM Coherent-PON
Authors: Zhang Junwen , Jia Zhensheng , Xu Mu , Zhang Haipeng , Campos Luis Alberto , Knittle Curtis
Published: March 2020

We propose robust, high-efficient preamble design and signal processing for upstream burst-mode detection in 100-Gb/s/λ TDM Coherent-PON. Using a 71.68-ns preamble, we achieve 36-dB power budget after50-km SMF and 20-dB dynamic range.
Simultaneous Turbulence Mitigation and Mode Demultiplexing using one MPLC in a Two-Mode 200-Gbit/s Free-Space OAM-Multiplexed Link
Authors: Song Hao , Su Xinzhou , Song Haoqian , Zhang Runzhou , Zhao Zhe , Liu Cong , Pang Kai , Hu Nanzhe , Almaiman Ahmed , Zach Shlomo , Cohen Nadav , Molisch Andreas , Boyd Robert , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: March 2020

We experimentally utilize a multi-plane light convertor (MPLC) for simultaneous orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) mode demultiplexing and turbulence-induced crosstalk mitigation. Results show up to 15-dB reduction of crosstalk in a two-mode 200-Gbit/s OAM-multiplexed link.
Femto-farad nanophotonic devices for fJ/bit signal conversion
Authors: Nozaki Kengo , Matsuo Shinji , Fujii Takuro , Takeda Koji , Kuramochi Eiichi , Shinya Akihiko , Notomi Masaya
Published: March 2020

We use a photonic-crystal platform to demonstrate opto-electronic devices and integrated functions with a femto-farad capacitance. This allows us to realize amplifier-free photo-receiver, electro-optic modulator, and O-E-O signal converter operating in a fJ/bit energy consumption.
Standardizing Performance Metrics for Submarine Transmission Paths
Authors: Mehta Priyanth
Published: March 2020

This paper describes the progress and obstacles towards defining a universal performance metric for ultralong haul submarine transmission paths. Sources of error and quantitative assessment of capacity prediction is also addressed.
Performance evaluation of a comb-based transmission system employing multi-functional active demultiplexers
Authors: Lakshmijayasimha P. D. , Kaszubowska-Anandarajah A. , Landais P. , Anandarajah P. M.
Published: March 2020

A compact OFC-based transmitter for short-reach applications is demonstrated. A single device is employed to implement OFC demultiplexing, amplification and direct modulation. Using this method, error-free data transmission over 3 km of fiber is achieved.
A Simple and Compact Fiber Modal Adapter for Upgrading 850 nm Multimode Fibers for Fundamental Mode Transmission at 1310 nm
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Kangmei , Zakharian Aramais R. , Hurley Jason E. , Stone Jeff , Coleman Doug , Liu Jie , Wu Chris , Li Ming-Jun
Published: March 2020

We propose a simple and compact adapter using specially designed modal conditioning single-mode fiber for fundamental mode transmission through multimode fiber and demonstrate error-free transmission over 1-km multimode fiber using a 100G CWDM4 transceiver.
A passively mode-locked quantum dot laser with 10.8 Tbit/s transmission over 100-km SSMF
Authors: Liu Guocheng , Lu Zhenguo , Liu Jiaren , Mao Youxin , Vachon Martin , Song Chunying , Poole Philip J.
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate 10.8 Tbit/s (16-QAM 48×28 GBaud PDM) coherent data transmission over 100-km of standard single mode fiber using an InAs/InP quantum dot mode-locked laser with a channel spacing of 34.2 GHz.
Low-Complexity Equalizer based on Volterra Series and Piecewise Linear Function for DML-based IM/DD System
Authors: Yu Yukui , Bo Tianwai , Che Yi , Kim Daeho , Kim Hoon
Published: March 2020

We propose and demonstrate a low-complexity equalizer specifically designed for DML-based IM/DD system using Volterra series and piecewise linear function. The proposed equalizer performs similarly to the Volterra equalizer, but reduces the complexity by >90%.
Laser Diode Chirp Requirements in Wideband Analog Photonic Signal Processing
Authors: Mokhtari-Koushyar Farzad , Bradford McKay B. , Fard Monireh Moayedi Pour , Nguyen Thien-An , Vishwanath Sriram
Published: March 2020

Distortions added to a 150 MHz OFDM signal in a photonic link comprised of a 4-tap filter and a directly modulated laser is simulated to study the laser chirp impact on the link dynamic range.
Real-Time Transmission Measurements from 200 Gb/s to 600 Gb/s over Links with Long 122 km Fiber Spans
Authors: Downie John D. , Hurley Jason , Liang Xiaojun , Himmelreich James , Makovejs Sergejs , Govan Donald , Losio Giacomo
Published: March 2020

We present results for real-time coherent transmission with data rates from 200 Gb/s to 600 Gb/s in 50 Gb/s increments over a re-circulating loop with 122 km spans of ultra-low loss, large effective area fiber.
A Method to Separate the Penalties Caused by Various Nonlinear Signal-Pump Impairments in Raman Amplified System
Authors: Li Jingnan , Fan Yangyang , Tao Zhenning , Ye Tong , Irie Hiroyuki , Nakashima Hisao , Komaki Kousuke , Hoshida Takeshi
Published: March 2020

We separate various nonlinear impairments caused by pump laser RIN in Raman amplified system. Experiment shows that nonlinear polarization scattering has more impact than phase noise does, and the gain fluctuation has the least impact.
Ultra-Compact Silicon TM-pass Polarizer with a Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Structure
Authors: He Yu , Zhang Yong , Zhang Ruihuan , Sun Lu , Su Yikai
Published: March 2020

An ultra-compact TM-pass polarizer is experimentally demonstrated by using PhC nanobeam structure. The TE mode is reflected with an extinction ratio over 20.4 dB, while the TM mode propagates through with a 0.7-dB insertion loss.
Demonstration of Multi-Channel Feedback Control for On-Chip Microring Weight Banks
Authors: Huang Chaoran , Bilodeau Simon , de Lima Thomas Ferreira , Tait Alexander N. , Ma Philip Y. , Blow Eric C. , Jha Aashu , Peng Hsuan-Tung , Shastri Bhavin J. , Prucnal Paul R.
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate a multi-channel feedback control for microring weight banks and achieve a record-high accuracy and precision. With the simplified procedures, the feedback control becomes more practical for configuring large-scale photonic networks.
Operational Mode and Slicing Adaptation in OpenConfig Disaggregated Optical Networks
Authors: Scano Davide , Giorgetti Alessio , Fichera Silvia , Sgambelluri Andrea , Cugini Filippo
Published: March 2020

This paper proposes and experimentally validates a workflow to handle network failures implying the change of the operational mode on optical OpenConfig transponders. An SDN control plane is considered with a real packet-optical data plane.
Model-Based Machine Learning for Joint Digital Backpropagation and PMD Compensation
Authors: Häger Christian , Pfister Henry D. , Bütler Rick M. , Liga Gabriele , Alvarado Alex
Published: March 2020

We propose a model-based machine-learning approach for polarization-multiplexed systems by parameterizing the split-step method for the Manakov-PMD equation. This approach performs hardware-friendly DBP and distributed PMD compensation with performance close to the PMD-free case.
End-to-End Learning of Geometrical Shaping Maximizing Generalized Mutual Information
Authors: Gümüş Kadir , Alvarado Alex , Chen Bin , Häger Christian , Agrell Erik
Published: March 2020

GMI-based end-to-end learning is shown to be highly nonconvex. We apply gradient descent initialized with Gray-labeled APSK constellations directly to the constellation coordinates. State-of-the-art constellations in 2D and 4D are found providing reach increases up to 26% w.r.t. to QAM.
Ultra-wideband Transmission and High-symbol Rate Signal Handling Technologies
Authors: Hamaoka Fukutaro
Published: March 2020

• This tutorial reviews -the recent progress on ultra-wideband transmission techniques beyond the C and L bands - 100-200 GBaud-class high-symbol rate signal handling technologies with super-DAC and ultrabroadband optical frontends.
Spectrally Slicing Coherent Optical Spectrum Analyzer for Measuring Complex Field Waveforms of Optical QAM Signals
Authors: Kawabata Y. , Urakawa N. , Kinoshita K. , Igarashi K.
Published: March 2020

We propose spectrally slicing scheme without any bandwidth limitation for measuring complex field waveforms of optical QAM signals. With our scheme, complex filed waveforms of 12.5-Gbaud 16QAM signals are measured even with 300-MHz bandwidth.
Field Recovery at Low CSPR Using Interleaved Carrier Assisted Differential Detection
Authors: Ji Tonghui , Sun Chuanbowen , Ji Honglin , Xu Zhaopeng , Shieh William
Published: March 2020

We propose an interleaved subcarrier loading scheme for double-sideband signals to relax the high CSPR requirement for self-coherent detection systems. Experimental result demonstrates a successful 100-Gb/s OFDM signal transmission over 160-km SSMF at 3.5-dB CSPR.
Evaluation of Performance Penalty from Pump-Signal Overlap in S+C+L band Discrete Raman Amplifiers
Authors: Iqbal Md Asif , Krzczanowicz Lukasz , Phillips Ian , Harper Paul , Forysiak Wladek
Published: March 2020

We experimentally investigate the transmission penalty on 30GBaud PM-QPSK signals due to adjacent Raman pumps in a 15dB gain, 150nm S+C+L-band discrete Raman amplifier. We report 4nm guard-band around the Raman pump ensures negligible Q2-penalty.
Weakly-Coupled Few-Mode Gain-Flattening Filter Using Long-Period Fiber Grating in Double-Cladding FMF
Authors: Zhu Jinglong , Yang Yu , Jia Junchi , He Jin , Chen Zhangyuan , He Yongqi , Li Juhao
Published: March 2020

A weakly-coupled few-mode gain-flattening filter (FM-GFF) based on long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) in double-cladding few-mode fiber is proposed. Utilizing the FM-GFF, we demonstrate that the gain spectra of each core mode can be independently flattened.
Monolithic Germanium PIN Waveguide Photodetector Operating at 2 μm Wavelengths
Authors: Zhao Ziqiang , Ho Chongpei , Li Qiang , Toprasertpong Kasidit , Takagi Shinichi , Takenaka Mitsuru
Published: March 2020

We demonstrated Ge PIN waveguide photodetector operating at 2 µm wavelengths monolithically integrated on Ge-on-insulator platform. Despite at sub-bandgap wavelength, 500-µm-long photodetector exhibited 0.25 A/W responsivity at −5 V, attributable to the defect-mediated detection mechanism.
Imaging retinal structures at cellular-level resolution by visible-light optical coherence tomography
Authors: Pi Shaohua , Hormel Tristan T. , Wei Xiang , Cepurna William , Morrison John C. , Jia Yali
Published: March 2020

In vivo high-resolution images are the most direct way to understand retinal function and diseases. Here we report the use of visible-light optical coherence tomography with volumetric registration and averaging to achieve cellular-level retinal structural imaging in a rat eye, covering the entire depth of the retina. Vitreous fibers, nerve fiber bundles, and vasculature were clearly revealed, as well as at least three laminar sublayers in the inner plexiform layer. We also successfully visualized ganglion cell somas in the ganglion cell layer, cells in the inner nuclear layer, and photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer and ellipsoid zone. This technique provides, to the best of our knowledge, a new means to visualize the retina in vivo at a cellular resolution and may enable detection or discovery of cellular neuronal biomarkers to help better diagnose ocular disease.
Optical analog computing of spatial differentiation and edge detection with dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Wan Lei , Pan Danping , Yang Shuaifeng , Zhang Wei , Potapov Alexander A. , Wu Xia , Liu Weiping , Feng Tianhua , Li Zhaohui
Published: March 2020

We propose and demonstrate that optical analog computing of spatial differentiation and edge detection can be realized with a single layer of dielectric metasurface. The optical transfer function for second-order derivation is obtained by engineering the spatial dispersion of electric dipole resonance supported by the silicon nanodisks in the metasurface. Benefiting from this unique mechanism of electric dipole resonance, spatial differentiation can be performed for two dimensions and arbitrary polarization with a large spatial bandwidth and high efficiency at the visible wavelength. Explicitly, we have numerically validated the application with one-dimensional spatial functions as well as an image, and the results show excellent performance. Our study can facilitate the research of optical computing with artificial nanostructures.
Parallel gas spectroscopy using mid-infrared supercontinuum from a single Si3N4 waveguide
Authors: Tagkoudi Eirini , Grassani Davide , Yang Fan , Herkommer Clemens , Kippenberg Tobias , Brès Camille-Sophie
Published: March 2020

Efficient third-order nonlinear optical processes have been successfully integrated on silicon nitride (

S
i

3

N

4

) waveguides. In particular, owing to

S
i

3

N

4

wide transparency window spanning from the visible to the middle-infrared (mid-IR), efficient mid-IR dispersive-wave (DW) generation from a fiber laser has been recently demonstrated, and its potential as a source for absorption spectroscopy of a single gas has been established. Here we show that the system can be further engineered to broaden the coverage of a single DW without losing efficiency, as to enable simultaneous and discrete detection of several gas-phase molecules within the 2900 and

3380

c
m

−
1

functional group region. We demonstrate quantitative detection of acetylene, methane, and ethane using a simple direct-absorption spectroscopy scheme, achieving a several hundreds of parts-per-million noise-equivalent detection limit with a 5 cm long gas cell.
Reflexiones sobre Antropoceno y colapso
Authors: Espinosa Rubio Luciano
Published: March 2020

Vivimos en el Antropoceno, tomado en sentido amplio, donde lo geológico y lo histórico convergen porque la acción humana lo hace posible. El cambio climático y la explotación global de recursos naturales y de las estructuras capitalistas conducen al género humano hacia el colapso de la civilización tal como la conocemos. Hay algunas relaciones importantes entre Antropoceno y colapso que muestran a la vez el poder y la impotencia de la humanidad.
La educación moral ante el reto de la sostenibilidad
Authors: Puig Baguer Jordi , Villarroya Ballarín Ana , Casas Jericó María
Published: March 2020

Ante los indicadores de insostenibilidad ambiental y social, se busca un enfoque educativo eficaz que contribuya a revertirla. A tal efecto, se propone una educación moral, que no se centre tanto en contenidos como en facilitar que cada estudiante aprenda a buscarlos, hacerlos propios y los traduzca en compromisos de conducta personal. La propuesta educativa se presenta ejemplificada en una asignatura concreta, que sirve de hilo expositivo y ejemplo de aplicación. Tras una breve introducción sobre los indicadores de insostenibilidad, se presenta la planificación, metodología y objetivo de la asignatura. A continuación, se reflexiona sobre dos de los obstáculos a los que se enfrenta la educación moral en la actualidad: la fragmentación del saber y la dificultad para que los aprendizajes teóricos se traduzcan en conductas. Por último, se exploran dos oportunidades para la educación moral que pueden facilitar ese vínculo: la búsqueda de las causas profundas de problemas ambientales y sociales actuales, y el empleo de la belleza.
A Quality Improvement Initiative Results in Improved Rates of Timely Postvariceal Bleeding Surveillance Endoscopy
Authors: Moon Andrew M. , Kim Hannah P. , Barritt A. Sidney , Darling Jama , Arora Shifali
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:

We performed a study to assess the effects of a quality improvement (QI) initiative on the rates of postvariceal bleeding surveillance upper endoscopy (EGD).

METHODS:

We identified patients with cirrhosis hospitalized with variceal bleeding and assessed the rates of timely (≤4 weeks) EGD before and after a QI initiative.

RESULTS:

Preintervention: 16% (5 of 32) of patients underwent timely surveillance EGD. We developed a standardized ordering template for gastroenterology fellows and reserved postvariceal EGD scheduling slots. Postintervention: 43% (12 of 28) of patients underwent timely surveillance EGD.

DISCUSSION:

A QI intervention was associated with a 27% absolute increase in timely surveillance EGDs.
The Effect of Tax Socialization, Superior Service, and Service Quality on Taxpayersâ€™ Satisfaction and Compliance
Authors: Sukesi Sukesi , Yunaidah Isroim
Published: March 2020

The impact of valuable services for taxpayers will increase the aware-ness and compliance of taxpayers. This study aims to explore whether there is a direct or indirect effect on the effectiveness of tax socialization, superior service products, and the quality of services to taxpayer satisfaction and taxpayer compliance. The study was conducted at the East Java Provincial Revenue Agency through 48 motorized vehicle service units, with a purposive sampling set at 426 respondents in the Gresik, Bangkalan, Mojokerto, Surabaya, Sidoarjo and Lamongan regions with 2014 ownership of motorized vehicle years. With SEM analysis, the results of the study stated that there were significant direct or indirect effectiveness of tax socialization, superior service products, and quality of service to taxpayers' satisfaction and compliance as a mediating variable. The implication is that if the Central Tax Office conducts tax socialization effectively on target, provides superior service products, and delivers quality of services in all districts/cities in East Java Province, they will be able to get people to comply by voluntarily paying motor vehicle taxes on time.
Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Biofilm-Forming Activity of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Peel Extract
Authors: Wahyudi Ivan Arie , Ramadhan Fahri Reza , Wijaya Rama Insan Kusuma , Ardhani Retno , Utami Trianna Wahyu
Published: March 2020

The utilization of natural resources, one of which is plants, has been researched as an alternative to synthetic drugs because of their natural content. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) peels, the parts of potatoes that are often cut off and discarded, have been reported to have some phenolic compounds and flavonoids in their composition. The extract of potato peels was investigated for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm-forming properties. A hot plate test was conducted to assess the analgesic activity in treatment doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg with paracetamol as the reference drug and distilled water as the negative control, while carrageenan-induced paw edema was used to assess anti-inflammatory activity in treatment doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg with diclofenac as the reference drug and distilled water as the negative control. Anti-biofilm-forming activity was tested by using the crystal violet assay. The results showed that, compared with the negative control, treatment doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) reduced pain stimuli, whereas a treatment dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the edema volume increment. However, compared with the positive control, paracetamol and diclofenac were associated with the least pain stimulus and the least edema volume increment, respectively. Potato peel extract against S. mutans biofilm formation demonstrated effectiveness (p < 0.05). Based on these data, it can be concluded that potato peel extract has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm-forming activities, as demonstrated in this study.
Trade Policy is Back in the News: Will Voters Care?
Authors: Guisinger Alexandra
Published: March 2020

During the 2016 election cycle, both Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders received roars of approval from supporters when discussing plans to roll back decades of trade liberalization and more specifically North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In the past, protectionist politicians who failed to follow through on promises paid little electoral cost, arguably because NAFTA received relatively little media or political attention after it was passed. Now in the spotlight, could trade policies cost President Trump voters in 2020? I argue that the highly partisan nature of today’s trade discourse – a new dimension for trade opinion – creates obstacles for electoral accountability because preferences follow rather than drive partisanship. Drawing on previous research and a 2017 survey experiment fielded before and after Trump’s trip to China, I show that the ability of trade messaging to cross party lines has weakened and that Trump’s followers strongly react to information cues from Trump but fail to react to information based accusations of flip flopping on his most prominent trade related promise: increased protection against China. The ability of politicians to shape preferences rather than respond to the will of constituents calls into question the electoral connection on critical government policies even when they become salient.
It’s Trump’s Party and I’ll Cry if I Want To
Authors: Rapoport Ronald B. , Reilly Jack , Stone Walter J.
Published: March 2020

Based on analysis of a multi-wave national sample panel of Republican identifiers, we show the increasing coherence among rank and file Republicans around evaluations of Donald Trump. Differences between Republicans who preferred Trump for the GOP nomination and those who preferred another candidate (but, unlike the Never Trump group who said they could not support him in the general election if he won the nomination) are muted by the general election and 2018 waves. While “Never-Trumpers” in the nomination wave maintain their affective distance from Trump in the general election and 2018 waves, their evaluations become less negative. Our analysis suggests that Republicans’ favorability toward Trump increasingly aligned with their attitudes toward the Republican Party and their support for Trump’s effort to build a southern-border wall.
Temporal variation of prehistoric human settlement recorded in the oxbow lake deposits of San river (Sandomierz Basin, SE Poland)
Authors: Gębica Piotr , Michno Anna , Sobucki Mateusz , Czopek Sylwester , Trybała-Zawiślak Katarzyna , Wacnik Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

This study presents the sedimentological and pollen analysis, and radiocarbon dating of the palaeochannel fill deposits situated on the wide alluvial ridge on which 131 archaeological sites were discovered. The analyzed territory covers the right bank of the San river valley (in the area of the Leszno profile) with an area of 72.5 km2. Increase of fine-grain sand sediments, and the presence of redeposited fragments of clayey silts (soil aggregates) correlates well with the increase man’s activity in the 2nd and the 1st half of the 1 st millennia BC (the decline of the Mierzanowice culture, the Trzciniec culture, the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture) as well as in the 1st millennium AD (the Przeworsk culture and the early Medieval settlement) and with transformation of plant communities recorded in the palynological sequence. The layer of sediments at the depth of 85–69 cm with the highest proportion of the finest clay fraction may indicate the reduction of cultivation or abandonment of arable land (the pre-Roman (La Tène) period).
How to get to the other side of the mitochondrial inner membrane – the protein import motor
Authors: Mokranjac Dejana
Published: March 2020

Biogenesis of mitochondria relies on import of more than 1000 different proteins from the cytosol. Approximately 70% of these proteins follow the presequence pathway – they are synthesized with cleavable N-terminal extensions called presequences and reach the final place of their function within the organelle with the help of the TOM and TIM23 complexes in the outer and inner membranes, respectively. The translocation of proteins along the presequence pathway is powered by the import motor of the TIM23 complex. The import motor of the TIM23 complex is localized at the matrix face of the inner membrane and is likely the most complicated Hsp70-based system identified to date. How it converts the energy of ATP hydrolysis into unidirectional translocation of proteins into mitochondria remains one of the biggest mysteries of this translocation pathway. Here, the knowns and the unknowns of the mitochondrial protein import motor are discussed.
Heavy metals and 137Cs levels in macrophytes and temporal distribution in sediments – application for estuarine environment status assessment (Vistula Lagoon – southern Baltic)
Authors: Zalewska Tamara , Brzeska-Roszczyk Paulina , Danowska Beata , Pełechaty Mariusz
Published: March 2020

The paper presents the first data on the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn) and 137Cs and their contamination ratios (CR) in the most abundant species of macrophytes in the Vistula Lagoon. No significant differences in the concentrations of heavy metals and 137Cs between macrophyte taxa or the influence of rivers flowing into the Vistula Lagoon on heavy metal concentrations in the area were found. The concentrations of heavy metals in macrophyte taxa varied in the following ranges: Cd – 0.1–0.7 mg kg−1 d.w.; Pb – 0.5–5.0 mg kg-1 d.w.; Zn – 29–390 mg kg-1 d.w.; Cu – 2.5–8.3 mg kg-1 d.w.; Ni – 0.4–6.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Cr – 0.5–2.8 mg kg−1 d.w.; Mn – 380–8500 mg kg−1 d.w. Since the 1990s, a decline or stable state of heavy metal concentrations in bottom sediments has been observed, reflecting changes in the environment of the Vistula Lagoon. The linear sedimentation rate in the Vistula Lagoon was 3.3 mm y−1. The results presented in the paper can serve as a baseline for assessing changes in the environmental status of the Vistula Lagoon, which may occur as a result of future investments, including building a new navigable canal through the Vistula Spit.
Monoids, their boundaries, fractals and C*-algebras
Authors: dal Verme Giulia , Weigel Thomas
Published: March 2020

In this note we establish some connections between the theory of self-similar fractals in the sense of John E. Hutchinson (cf. [3]), and the theory of boundary quotients of C*-algebras associated to monoids. Although we must leave several important questions open, we show that the existence of self-similar ℳ-fractals for a given monoid ℳ, gives rise to examples of C*-algebras (1.9) generalizing the boundary quotients \partial C_\lambda ^*(\mathcal{M}) discussed by X. Li in [4, §7, p. 71]. The starting point for our investigations is the observation that the universal boundary of a finitely 1-generated monoid carries naturally two topologies. The fine topology plays a prominent role in the construction of these boundary quotients, while the cone topology can be used to define canonical measures on the attractor of an ℳ-fractal for a finitely 1-generated monoid ℳ.
RatHat: A Self-Targeting Printable Brain Implant System
Authors: Allen Leila M. , Jayachandran Maanasa , Viena Tatiana D. , Su Meifung , McNaughton Bruce L. , Allen Timothy A.
Published: March 2020

There has not been a major change in how neuroscientists approach stereotaxic methods in decades. Here, we present a new stereotaxic method that provides an alternative approach to a traditional u-frame stereotaxic device and reduces costs, surgical time, and aids repeatability. The RatHat brain implantation system is a 3D-printable stereotaxic device for rats that is fabricated prior to surgery and fits to the shape of the skull. RatHat builds are directly implanted into the brain without the need for head-leveling or coordinate-mapping during surgery. The RatHat can be used in conjunction with the traditional u-frame stereotaxic device, but does not require the use of a micromanipulator for successful implantations. Each RatHat contains several primary components including the implant for mounting intracranial components, the surgical stencil for targeting drill sites, and the protective cap for preventing damage from impacts and debris. Each component serves a unique function and can be used together or separately. We demonstrate the feasibility of the RatHat in four different proof-of-principle experiments: (1) a three-pole cannula apparatus, (2) an optrode-electrode assembly, (3) a fixed-electrode array, and (4) a tetrode hyperdrive. Implants were successful, durable, and long-lasting (up to nine months). RatHat print files are easily created, can be modified in computer aided design (CAD) software for a variety of applications, and are easily shared, contributing to open science goals and replications. The RatHat has been adapted to multiple experimental paradigms in our lab and should be a useful new way to conduct stereotaxic implant surgeries in rodents.
Application of Sumudo Transform and Homotopy Perturbation Method to Solve Nonlinear Differential Equations
Authors: A.D. Chindhe  , S.B. Kiwne
Published: March 2020

In this paper the Sumudo transform is coupled with homotopy Perturbation Method to have the numerical solution of some nonlinear differential equations. The basic concept of applying such technique is to handled the nonlinear terms by using the he’s polynomial.
Człowiek jako wytwór siebie samego. Lem, transhumanizm i dwie koncepcje autentyczności
Authors: Gomułka Jakub , Klimas Mariusz , Palm Jakub
Published: March 2020

Stanisław Lem, a philosopher and futurologist, in his many works devoted much attention to the condition of human and the relation between human and technology. He coined the term ‘autoevolution’ in the course of forecasting unlimited technological augmentation of human abilities. Nowadays, the term may be associated with the conceptions presented by transhumanism, a 20th-century-born philosophical movement which advocates radical transformation of Homo sapiens by means of the achievements of scientific and technological progress. Lem’s attitude towards such a transformation of human is complicated yet ultimately critical due to the fact that it poses a threat to human culture as such. The phenomenon of autoevolution undermines existing values and raises a question of authenticity of a future posthuman. We examine dependence between technology and culture, present Lem’s conception of autoevolution and his philosophy of culture, then we sketch a post-metaphysical dispute about authenticity, and finally show that Lem’s thought ­belongs to one of the arguing sides.
Oświeceniowa wizja nauki w ujęciu Józefa Sołtykowicza, jako przykład refleksji filozoficznej z kręgu Towarzystwa Naukowego Krakowskiego
Authors: Psica Sylwia
Published: March 2020

The article concentrates on the analysis of the Enlightenment periods vision of science by Josef Sołtykowicz. His theories are examples of philosophical reflection of the Cracow Science Society. The starting point was the outline of the political and scientific situation from the second part of the XVII century to the first part of the XIX century also referring to the author’s biography.The main part of the article is the analysis of two Dissertations by Sołtykowicz published by the Cracow Science Society their yearly publication, in 1818 and 1820.The following points were taken into account: The roots of the society’s activities, the relationship between science and faith, popularizing knowledge, criticism of Rousseau and anthropological analysis of the roots, of the negative view of knowledge. These theories are worth analysing, unfortunately so far the philosophical thought of the members of CSS, has not encouraged work on them as they deserved. At the same time we can expect that the work of the scientists from the CSS significantly impacted on the progress of the philosophical reflection in Cracow, and also the wider picture of modern polish scientific culture.
Potrójna kreacja świata w ujęciu Michała Sędziwoja
Authors: Cygan Milena
Published: March 2020

The question of the beginning of the world, it’s first rule, genesis and structure followed humanity since the dawn of time, becoming a source for philosophy and science. Search for a rational answer to that question lead, throughout the ages, to a creation of many cosmogonic concepts which referenced various philosophical traditions. While they currently hold only historical value, in many cases they contained ideas, sometimes still very inarticulate, which revolutionized the science in later years. One of such concepts was proposed by Michael Sendivogius, a Renaissance polish alchemist. In his approach, creation of world is dynamic and multiphase. In his vision, the world is something, which is subject to evolution (though he does not use this term), inevitably changes, and thus undergoes a permanent creation. In this creation of the world, as Sendivogius describes it, one can distinguish three fundamental stages, responsible for which are three factors: God, Nature and man. The goal of this article is to present how, according to Sendivogius, the world is created, what tasks in this continuous process are carried out by God, Nature or the man, and in what relations they remain, in regards to themselves and the world they create.
Determinantes individuais e contextuais associados à mortalidade infantil nas capitais brasileiras: uma abordagem multinível
Authors: Maia Lívia Teixeira de Souza , Souza Wayner Vieira de , Mendes Antonio da Cruz Gouveia
Published: March 2020

A pesquisa buscou identificar os fatores de risco individuais e contextuais da assistência à saúde, suas interações e diferenciais regionais na determinação da mortalidade infantil nas capitais brasileiras. Trata-se de um estudo caso-controle, no qual considerou-se casos os 7.470 óbitos infantis ocorridos em 2012 nas 27 capitais do país, registrados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e pareados com o Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) por meio do linkage, e 24.285 controles obtidos mediante amostra dos nascidos sobreviventes entre 2011 e 2012 do universo de 1.424.691 nascimentos. As variáveis explicativas do nível individual corresponderam às informações disponibilizadas pelo SINASC, e a variável contextual consistiu um índice de qualidade da assistência hospitalar relativo aos 702 serviços de saúde onde ocorreram os nascimentos. Empregou-se o modelo logístico multinível e a análise de interação. Os principais determinantes da mortalidade infantil foram os fatores biológicos (baixo peso ao nascer, prematuridade, malformação congênita, asfixia grave/moderada e raça/cor), mediados pelos socioeconômicos maternos (escolaridade, estado civil e ocupação), e pela insuficiência de pré-natal. Realizar baixo número de consultas pré-natais representou risco para a mortalidade infantil independentemente da qualidade do serviço, à exceção das capitais da Região Sul. Na interação entre renda e pré-natal, observou-se que realizar poucas consultas e nascer em cidades com alta renda representaram risco maior quando comparados aos nascimentos em capitais de baixa renda (OR = 0,68). A análise multinível evidenciou desigualdades regionais nos modelos de risco e reiterou a importância dos determinantes biológicos com mediação dos fatores socioeconômicos e assistenciais na mortalidade infantil.
Marx jornalista: a empiria a serviço da crítica da economia política
Authors: Teixeira Adriano Lopes Almeida
Published: March 2020

Resumo Este artigo busca evidenciar a importância das atividades jornalísticas desenvolvidas por Marx entre os anos de 1848 e 1857 para o processo de elaboração de sua crítica da economia política. Sem abandonar seus trabalhos teóricos, o jornalismo e seu envolvimento com a apreensão dos aspectos práticos da realidade social possibilitaram a Marx o reﬁnamento de dois aspectos essenciais para a elaboração de sua crítica: a forma e o conteúdo das categorias da economia política. Por isso, para além dos desenvolvimentos teóricos daquele período contidos tanto nos Cadernos de Londres, quanto no epistolário Marx-Engels, a empiria aparece como momento fundamental da trajetória teórico-metodológica de Marx, que culminaria na elaboração dos Grundrisse nos anos de 1857-1858.
Possibilidades da economia popular e solidária no Brasil contemporâneo: apontamentos
Authors: Diniz Sibelle Cornélio
Published: March 2020

Resumo Este artigo discute o caráter contemporâneo da economia popular e solidária (EPS) no Brasil. O argumento principal é que as condições para um fortalecimento da EPS frente à economia do setor público e à economia empresarial são mais favoráveis na atualidade, em função de três movimentos que reúnem os países centrais e periféricos em torno do debate por formas de produção distintas: a) a maior articulação das formas econômicas populares às cadeias produtivas globais; b) o processo de politização que se veriﬁca com a expansão do tecido urbano a todo o território; c) a crítica crescente aos rumos da sociedade de mercado e o avanço dos contra movimentos em resposta. No entanto, a elevação da EPS, de componente precário das redes globais a peça fundamental de uma economia plural, não se dará sem transformações profundas nos mecanismos de regulação que regem as relações cotidianas e as políticas públicas.
Negative Pressure Irrigation Presents Mineralizing Potential in Dogs’ Immature Teeth with Periapical Lesion
Authors: Silva Léa Assed Bezerra da , Linhares Marcela Lopes , Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra da , Nelson-Filho Paulo , Lucisano Marília Pacífico , Pucinelli Carolina Maschietto , Carvalho Fabrício Kitazono de , Cohenca Nestor
Published: March 2020

Abstract The objective of this in vivo study was to assess the effect of the root canal irrigation by negative and positive apical pressure on the expression of molecules that are an indicative of cell differentiation with mineralizing phenotype in teeth of dogs with incomplete rhizogenesis and induced periapical lesion. A total of 30 teeth (60 roots) were distributed into 3 groups (n=20): EndoVac®, Conventional and Control. After 90 days, the routine histotechnical procedures were performed and the sections were submitted to immunohistochemical technique for the staining of osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the RUNX2 transcription factor in the apical and periapical regions of the roots. A semi-quantitative analysis of the positive immunostaining was performed and the intensity of the expression was classified in absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or intense (3). Scores data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and Dunn post-test, and the significance level was set at 5%. RUNX2 immunostaining revealed that in the negative pressure group there was a significantly stronger (p<0.05) immunostaining in comparison to the control group. Regarding the OPN expression, it was not possible to detect a statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). After analyzing ALP immunostaining, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups (p<0.05), and the negative pressure group showed a markedly stronger mark immunostaining than the control group. The results of the present in vivo study allowed concluding that negative apical pressure irrigation presents mineralizing potential in immature teeth with apical periodontitis.
Comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde e fatores associados entre motoristas de caminhão
Authors: Girotto Edmarlon , Loch Mathias Roberto , Mesas Arthur Eumann , González Alberto Durán , Guidoni Camilo Molino , Andrade Selma Maffei de
Published: March 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar fatores associados aos comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde entre motoristas de caminhão. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com motoristas de caminhão entrevistados no Porto de Paranaguá. Foram obtidas informações sobre o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes, salgados fritos, bebidas açucaradas industrializadas e doces, e retirada de gordura visível de carne vermelha e da pele de carne de frango. Modelos hierarquizados foram construídos para identificar fatores associados aos comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde. Dos entrevistados (n = 670), 53,1% apresentaram quatro ou mais comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde. Tal condição associou-se com idade inferior a 40 anos (RP = 1,49; IC95% = 1,28-1,73), capacidade para exercer a profissão referida como moderada/baixa/muito baixa (RP 1,28; IC 95% 1,08-1,52), não praticar atividade física no tempo livre (RP = 1,66; IC95% = 1,38-2,00), qualidade da alimentação referida como ruim/muito ruim (RP = 1,25; IC95% = 1,05-1,49) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) < 25 Kg/m2 (RP = 1,22; IC95% = 1,05-1,43). Mais da metade dos motoristas de caminhão apresentaram comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde, reforçando a necessidade de estratégias de incentivo à redução desses hábitos.
“A mesa que encolheu”: a perspectiva alimentar das mães que perderam filhos
Authors: Campos Maria Teresa Fialho de Sousa , Peluzio Maria do Carmo Gouveia , Melo Mônica Santos de Souza , Simonini Eduardo , Coelho France Maria Gontijo , Araújo Raquel Maria Amaral
Published: March 2020

Resumo Este artigo descreve a relação de mães enlutadas com a alimentação, com base na fenomenologia existencial, considerando que o espaço familiar alimentar, protagonizado pela matriarca, pode ser perturbado com a perda de um filho. Foram realizadas entrevistas com quinze mães frequentadoras de Organizações Não Governamentais de apoio ao luto, com idade entre 40 e 61 anos. Da análise emergiram quatro eixos temáticos que indicam como a mãe enlutada se comporta no contexto da alimentação: a ausência de fome e do prazer em se alimentar; o ato de compartilhar refeições versus o luto materno; o confronto com a “cadeira vazia”; reações e sentimentos diante da culinária que simboliza a memória do filho. A influência que o luto exerce na relação das mães com a alimentação foi evidenciada de diversas maneiras, seja na ausência de fome, na alteração do peso e na falta do(a) filho(a) nas interações sociais durante as refeições compartilhadas, representando os desafios da mãe perante uma “mesa que encolheu”, exigindo das mesmas novas significações frente à alimentação. Compreende-se que a relação da enlutada com a alimentação é permeada de conflitos que a expõe a risco de desvios nutricionais e demanda apoio com profissionais sensíveis e esclarecidos sobre essa condição.
Sleep Hours: Risk behavior in adolescents from different countries
Authors: Lima Silvia Bandeira da Silva , Ferreira-Lima Walcir , Lima Flávia Évelin Bandeira , Lima Fellipe Bandeira , Santos Amanda , Fernandes Carlos Alexandre Molena , Fuentes Juan Pedro
Published: March 2020

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify sleep hours and associated factors among Brazilian and Spanish students. A cross-sectional study with students aged 11 to 16 years-old was carried out in Paranavaí, Brasil (n = 264) and Cáceres, Spain (n = 233) between 2013 and 2015. Sleeping hours were verified regarding time in minutes, sleep in weekdays, weekends and after lunch/Siesta. All data were checked for normality by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test (X2) and Odds Ratio estimates were used (p < 0.05). High prevalence in both groups of sleeping 8 hours or more a night at the weekend. The prevalence of sleeping on weekdays, > 8 hours, 6 to 8 hours and < 6 hours among Spanish and Brazilian students, respectively. Nearly a quarter of each group responded that makes the siesta. Spanish students had 3 times higher chance to sleep < 8 hours a night in weekdays, among students from 14 to 16 years old and among the underactive. At the weekends the chance of sleeping < 8 hours is 2 times greater among the Spanish students. Simple guidelines could help so that sleep habits do not affect school development, such as practicing physical activity regularly, sleeping at least 8 hours a night, avoid excessive access to technology at night.
Fatores associados à troca de sexo por dinheiro em homens que fazem sexo com homens no Brasil
Authors: Alecrim Denyr Jeferson Dutra , Ceccato Maria das Graças Braga , Dourado Inês , Kerr Ligia , Brito Ana Maria de , Guimarães Mark Drew Crosland
Published: March 2020

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a associação entre fatores sociodemográficos, programáticos e contextuais e ter recebido dinheiro em troca de sexo entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). Estudo multicêntrico, transversal, realizado em 10 cidades brasileiras, entre 2008 e 2009. Foram entrevistados 3.749 HSH selecionados pela técnica amostral “Respondent Driven-Sampling” (RDS). “Odds Ratio” ponderado (ORp) foi obtido por meio de regressão logística, permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis associadas ao evento (p < 0,05). Da amostra total, 33,3% relataram ter recebido dinheiro em troca de sexo nos últimos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista. As variáveis associadas com o evento foram ter idade ≤ 25 anos, menor nível de escolaridade, classes sociais mais baixas, história prévia de infecção por sífilis, utilizar locais de encontros para ter parceiros sexuais, ter comportamento de risco para HIV muito alto e usar drogas ilícitas, se autoidentificarem como heterossexual ou bissexual, ter sofrido violência física devido à orientação sexual e apresentar ideação suicida sempre ou na maioria das vezes. Observa-se que os HSH que receberam dinheiro em troca de sexo apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, programática e contextual, potencialmente aumentando o risco de infecção pelo HIV em relação aos demais HSH.
Capacidade funcional e desempenho físico de idosos comunitários: um estudo longitudinal
Authors: Ikegami Érica Midori , Souza Lara Andrade , Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos , Rodrigues Leiner Resende
Published: March 2020

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de mudanças na capacidade funcional e no desempenho físico de idosos comunitários e seus fatores determinantes, em um período de dois anos. Foi realizado estudo quantitativo, do tipo inquérito domiciliar, observacional e longitudinal, em 2014 e 2016, com 380 idosos residentes em Uberaba, Minas Gerais. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: Mini Exame do Estado Mental e questionários com dados sociodemográficos/econômicos, clínicos e de hábito de vida. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada por meio do Índice de Katz e da escala de Lawton e Brody. O desempenho físico foi verificado através da Short Physical Performance Battery. Procedeu-se a análise descritiva, bivariada e de regressão linear múltipla, com nível de significância de α < 0,05. Os resultados mostraram que no período de dois anos ocorreu redução da capacidade funcional para as atividades instrumentais da vida diária e do desempenho físico. Os fatores determinantes comuns aos desfechos foram: faixa etária, atividade profissional e prática de atividade física. A escolaridade foi específica somente para as atividades instrumentais da vida diária, e o sexo e o número de medicamentos para o desempenho físico.