bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Metastable He I* λ10830 Mini-broad Absorption Lines and Very Narrow Paschen α Emission Lines in the ULIRG Quasar IRAS F11119+3257
Authors: Pan Xiang , Zhou Hongyan , Liu Wenjuan , Liu Bo , Ji Tuo , Shi Xiheng , Zhang Shaohua , Jiang Peng , Wang Huiyuan , Hao Lei
Published: October 2019

IRAS F11119+3257 is a quasar-dominated ultraluminous infrared galaxy, with a partially obscured narrow-line Seyfert 1 nucleus. In this paper, we present the near-IR (NIR) spectroscopy of F11119+3257, in which we find unusual Paschen emission lines and metastable He i* λ10830 absorption associated with the previously reported atomic sodium and molecular OH mini-BAL (broad absorption line) outflow. Photoionization diagnosis confirms previous findings that the outflows are at kiloparsec scales. Such large-scale outflows should produce emission lines. We indeed find that high-ionization emission lines ([O III], [Ne III], and [Ne V]) are dominated by blueshifted components at similar speeds to the mini-BALs. The blueshifted components are also detected in some low-ionization emission lines, such as [O II] λ3727 and some Balmer lines (Hα, Hβ, and Hγ), even though their cores are dominated by narrow (FWHMNEL = 570 ± 40  km s−1) or broad components at the systemic redshift of z = 0.18966 ± 0.00006. The mass flow rate (230–730 M
⊙ yr−1) and the kinetic luminosity (

erg s−1) are then inferred jointly from the blueshifted emission and absorption lines. In the NIR spectrum of F11119+3257, we also find that the Paschen emission lines are unique, in which a very narrow (FWHM = 260 ± 20  km s−1) component is shown in only Paα. This narrow component most probably comes from heavily obscured star formation. Based on the Paα and Paβ emissions, we obtain an extinction at the H band, A

H
> 2.1 (or a reddenning of

> 3.7), and a star formation rate of SFR > 130 M
⊙ yr−1 that resembles the estimates inferred from the far-IR emissions (SFRFIR = 190 ± 90 M
⊙ yr−1).
Geographic review on the specimens of the Caatinga Biome in the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB) herbarium
Authors: Magdalena Ulises , Silva Luís Alexandre , Oliveira Felipe , Lima Rafael , Bellon Ernani , Ribeiro Rafael , Lanna João , Abieri Maria Luiza , Cardoso Gabriel , Amorim Aline , Forzza Rafaela
Published: October 2019

This article provides a quantitative description of flora specimens stored in the Jardim Botânico of Rio de Janeiro Herbarium that belongs to the Federal Conservation Units of Caatinga’s phytogeography domain. The Caatinga represents 11% of Brazilian territory and is, in South America, the largest and most biodiverse semi-arid tropical ecoregion, yet only 5% of its territory is covered by Federal Conservation Units, with few collections of flora samples. Thus, providing a georeferenced inventory of existing collections is essential for purposes of species distribution, environmental management and conservation. The aim of this data paper is to gauge, by means of geographic coordinates correction and retrieval of the flora specimens present in the RB Herbarium, the amount of specimen gatherings performed in the Federal Conservation Units belonging to the Caatinga domain.

Currently, the RB data is publicly available online at several biodiversity portals, such as our institutional database JABOT, the Reflora Virtual Herbarium, the SiBBr and the GBIF portal (Lanna et al. 2019). However, a description of the dataset that belongs to the Federal Conservation Units of Caatinga’s phytogeography domain as a whole is not yet available in the literature.
IA et emploi : une menace artificielle
Authors: Askenazy Philippe , Bach Francis
Published: October 2019

Les récents succès de l’ ia ont nourri un discours, souvent anxiogène, d’une obsolescence du travail humain. Si des acteurs divers ont intérêt à diffuser ce message, notre analyse d’informaticien et d’économiste, nécessairement spéculative, souligne les limites technologiques et sociales de l’intelligence artificielle. Nous renversons ainsi la problématique : l’ ia couplée aux robots sera-t-elle suffisante pour permettre aux sociétés occidentales fermées à l’immigration de répondre aux défis du xxi e  siècle qui exigeront beaucoup de travail ?
Éthique et conscience des robots
Authors: Ndior Valère
Published: October 2019

Alors que se multiplient les travaux scientifiques consacrés au « droit des robots » émerge une interrogation persistante, alimentée par les expériences récentes des roboticiens : les robots peuvent-ils devenir trop conscients d’eux-mêmes, au point de nuire à la société et de rendre le droit commun obsolète ? Envisager les risques éthiques et juridiques associés au développement d’une « conscience » du robot suppose de déterminer la capacité de ses concepteurs à développer l’intelligence artificielle au-delà du seuil de « Singularité technologique ».
IA et éducation
Authors: Alexandre Laurent
Published: October 2019

L’école, en tant que technologie de transmission de l’intelligence, est d’ores et déjà une technologie dépassée. Sa modernisation accélérée sous l’effet des technologies numériques constituera en réalité les derniers feux d’une institution vouée à prendre place dans l’histoire au rayon des curiosités du passé, fondées sur une science approximative, au même titre que les sanatoriums. À partir de 2035, l’éducation deviendra une « branche de la médecine », utilisant les immenses ressources des neurosciences pour personnaliser d’abord la transmission et optimiser ensuite bioélectroniquement l’intelligence. Ce sera la seule solution pour éviter un apartheid intellectuel dans un monde rendu ultra-compétitif par l’ ia .
Le business de l’IA : perspectives et enjeux pour l’économie
Authors: Hyppolite Paul-Adrien
Published: October 2019

Que l’on conçoive l’intelligence artificielle comme une innovation incrémentale ou une technologie de rupture, il ne fait aucun doute qu’elle va durablement transformer les entreprises et les structures de marché. Loin de consacrer nécessairement la suprématie des géants technologiques américains et chinois actuels, l’ ia est porteuse de nouvelles opportunités pour les entreprises qui sauront les saisir. Si l’Europe prend rapidement la mesure de ce qui est en train de se jouer, l’avènement de l’ ia pourrait constituer une opportunité de combler le retard accumulé sur les États-Unis et la Chine en matière de développement technologique.
Combined Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Phacoemulsification With Intraocular Lens Implantation in Severe Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Diolaiuti Sara , Senn Peter , Schmid Martin K. , Job Oliver , Maloca Peter , Schipper Isaak
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE  To evaluate the results of combined vitrectomies and intraocular lens implantations in cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.  PATIENTS AND METHODS  Data from procedures on 117 eyes (91 patients) undergoing combined pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens implantation for the complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy were analyzed retrospectively. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 64 months (median = 25 months).  RESULTS Retinal tears were the most frequent intraoperative problems (19%). Limited postoperative fibrin formation occurred in 22% of eyes. Within 6 months, 7% developed glaucoma and 2% showed new anterior segment rubeosis. Overall, 10% underwent secondary surgical procedures as follows: lavage for hemorrhage (n = 3), silicone oil exchange after 7 days for focal rebleeding (n = 1), silicone oil surgery for retinal detachment after gas resorption (n = 1), and lavage for late vitreous hemorrhage (7 to 13 months) (n = 4). Half of the secondary procedures were necessitated within 3 months of the original surgery.  CONCLUSIONS  Combined surgery in proliferative diabetic retinopathy is safe and effective. It should be considered when lens opacities are either present or likely to develop soon.  [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:468-474.]  AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology, Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland.  Accepted for publication February 10, 2006.  Presented in part at the Frankfurt-Marfurt Retina Meeting, June 14, 2003.  Address reprint requests to Peter Senn, MD, Augenklinik Kantonsspital, Spitalstr., CH - 6000 Luzern 16, Switzerland. 
Sutureless Technique for Repair of Traumatic Iridodialysis
Authors: Richards Josephine C. , Kennedy Christopher J.
Published: October 2019

A technique for repair of traumatic iridodialysis that avoids the need for iris sutures is described. Following a limbal peritomy, sclerostomy sites level with the iris base are created at each clock hour of the iridodialysis using a microvitreoretinal blade. Vitreoretinal forceps passed through these ports are used to incarcerate the peripheral iris. No suture material is used to secure the iris. The conjunctiva is closed with absorbable sutures. The technique is suitable for use in simple iridodialysis repair and in conjunction with intraocular procedures. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:508-510.]  AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.  Accepted for publication April 16, 2006.  Address reprint requests to Josephine C. Richards, FRANZCO, FCOphth(SA), MMed, Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Box X2213 GPO, Perth 6847 Western Australia, Australia. 
Increased Levels of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1 and -Beta2 in the Aqueous Humor of Patients With Neovascular Glaucoma
Authors: Yu Xiao-Bo , Sun Xing-Huai , Dahan Elie , Guo Wen-Yi , Qian Shao-Hong , Meng Fan-Rong , Song Yue-Lian , Ben Simon Guy J.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

 To measure the concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta1 and beta2 (TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2) in the aqueous humor of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

 Patients were divided into four groups: NVG secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (group 1), NVG secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (group 2), central retinal vein occlusion without rubeosis (group 3), and senile cataract (group 4). The total TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 concentrations in the aqueous humor of the four groups were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS

 The mean concentrations of total TGF-beta1 were 600.7 ± 436.7 µg/mL in group 1, 802.0 ± 359.5 µg/mL in group 2, and undetectable in groups 3 and group 4 (P < .05). The mean concentrations of total TGF-beta2 were 6,307.9 ± 2,206.2 µg/mL in group 1, 5,908.0 ± 2,033.2 µg/mL in group 2, 899.7 ± 425.6 µg/mL in group 3, and 385.7 ± 189.9 µg/mL in group 4. The total TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 concentrations in groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than those in groups 3 and 4, whereas the total TGF-beta2 concentration in group 3 was significantly higher than that in group 4 (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the TGF-beta1 or TGF-beta2 concentrations between groups 1 and 2 (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS

The abnormally high concentrations of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 in the aqueous humor of patients with NVG may explain some aspects of the pathogenesis of NVG and the high failure rate of filtering operations in NVG.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:6-14.]

AUTHORS

From the Department of Ophthalmology (X-BY, X-HS, W-YG, S-HQ, F-RM, Y-LS), Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; the Department of Ophthalmology (ED), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; and The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital (GJBS), East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Accepted for publication June 14, 2006.

Supported by research grants (No. Z23) from Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.

Address correspondence to Xing-Huai Sun, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 20031, People’s Republic of China.
Imaging of Iris Lesions With High-Speed Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Bakri Sophie J. , Singh Arun D. , Lowder Careen Y. , Chalita Maria Regina , Li Yan , Izatt Joseph A. , Rollins Andrew M. , Huang David
Published: October 2019

 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To image and measure iris tumors with optical coherence tomography (OCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS High-speed (2,000– 4,000 axial-scan/sec and 4–16 frames/sec) 1.3-micron wavelength anterior segment OCT prototypes were used to image 6 eyes of 6 patients with a variety of iris lesions, including focal iris nevus, diffuse iris nevus, amelanotic iris nevus, iris melanocytosis, and iris melanoma. OCT images were compared with slit-lamp photography and ultrasound biomicroscopy. RESULTS OCT at 1.3-micron wavelength could penetrate the full thickness of the iris lesions and allow three-dimensional measurement of lesion size. Internal reflectivity is correlated with pigmentation. OCT is a convenient non-contact method that provides imaging of the clinically important angle structures (scleral spur and angle recess). CONCLUSIONS OCT is a new imaging modality that complements slit-lamp photography and ultrasound biomicroscopy for serial evaluation of iris lesions.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:27-34.] AUTHORS From the Cole Eye Institute (SJB, ADS, CYL, MRC, DH), Cleveland Clinic Foundation; and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (YL, JAI, AMR), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Accepted for publication September 8, 2006. Dr. Huang has a patent royalty interest in optical coherence tomography and receives research grant support from Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA. Supported by NIH Grant No. R24 EY13015, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. Address correspondence to David Huang, MD, PhD, Doheny Eye Institute, 1450 San Pablo Street, DEI 5702, Los Angeles, CA 99033.
Ab Externo Technique for Accurate Haptic Placement of Transscleral Sutured Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Kulkarni Kaushal , Zarbin Marco , Del Priore Lucian V. , Tezel Tongalp H.
Published: October 2019

 A modified technique is presented for transscleral suture fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses for aphakic correction in cases with inadequate capsular support. An ab externo approach for suture externalization is described that minimizes intraocular manipulation and facilitates accurate placement of haptics in the ciliary sulcus, thereby reducing the risk of lens tilt and decentration. This technique eliminates intraocular suture knots and reduces the amount of time the globe is open during surgery by creating two intraocular suture loops in preparation for posterior chamber intraocular lens placement before creating a limbal incision. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:72-75.]  AUTHORS From the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (KK), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey; the Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science (MZ), the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; the Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute (LVD), Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York; and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (THT), Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.  Accepted for publication April 19, 2006.  Supported in part by grants from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., the Robert L. Burch III Fund, the Foundation Fighting Blindness, the Eye Institute of New Jersey, and the New Jersey Lions Eye Research Foundation.
Address correspondence to Tongalp H. Tezel, MD, 301 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202. 
Total Care System for Maintaining a Comfortable Prone Position After Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Hara Tsutomu , Uchida Hirofumi , Okuyama Kazue , Takayama Tomoko , Fukuda Kunihiko , Kamagai Kenjiro
Published: October 2019

 A care system to maintain a comfortable prone position after vitreoretinal surgery was developed. Four positions and face-down gear including a TV-watching table were prepared in patients’ rooms. Patients could take one position and then change to another position actively as desired. Thirty-nine patients used this system for 4 days after vitreoretinal surgery with intravitreal gas injection. Patients rated the system on a questionnaire. Patients who used the TV-watching table expressed more satisfaction than the patients who did not use it. Also, patients’ active selection of various prone postures was important physically and mentally. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:84-86.]  AUTHORS From Hara Eye Hospital (TH, HU, KO, TT, KF), Utsunomiya; and Saiseikai Central Hospital (KK), Tokyo, Japan.  Accepted for publication September 8, 2006.  Address correspondence to Tsutomu Hara, MD, Hara Eye Hospital, Nishi 1-1-11, Utsunomiya, 320-0861 Japan. 
Sonographic Features of Senile Scleral Calcification
Authors: Goldenberg-Cohen Nitza , Bahar Irit , Barash David , Naphthalaiv Elvira , Segev Yoram
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To describe the sonographic features of senile scleral calcification using ultrasound biomicroscopy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Four patients in whom senile scleral calcifications were found incidentally on computed tomography studies underwent ultrasound biomicroscopy examination.
RESULTS
The senile scleral calcification was bilateral in three patients and unilateral in one patient. In all patients, the calcified material created the anterior shadowing typical of calcified lesions. The ultrasound biomicroscopy study localized the senile scleral calcification to the subconjunctival layer, superficially above the sclera, and anterior to the horizontal muscles.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first description of the ultrasound biomicroscopy features of senile scleral calcification. Ultrasound biomicroscopy may serve as a good tool for the accurate localization of the plaque. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:115-117.]
AUTHORS
From the Department of Ophthalmology (NG-C, IB, DB), Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqva; the Sackler Faculty of Medicine (NG-C, IB, DB), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; and the Department of Ophthalmology (EN) and the Section of Neuroradiology (YS, IIR-G), Department of Imaging, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. Accepted for publication December 20, 2005. The authors thank Irith I. Reider-Groswasser, MD, for her contributions to this article. Address correspondence to Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, 49100 Israel.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Evaluation Using Optical Coherence Tomography in Eyes With Optic Disc Hemorrhage
Authors: Choi Jin , Park Ki Ho , Kim Dong Myung , Kim Tae Woo
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between disc hemorrhage and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
RNFL thicknesses were measured using optical coherence tomography at the location of disc hemorrhage, at the superior or inferior symmetrical area of the same eyes, and at equivalent locations in contralateral eyes without disc hemorrhage. RNFL thicknesses were compared using the paired-sample t test. For recurrent hemorrhages, the correlation between the number of recurrences and RNFL thickness was examined using Kendall’s tau-b method.
RESULTS
Thirty-two disc hemorrhages were found in 32 eyes with normal tension or primary open-angle glaucoma. RNFL thicknesses in areas with disc hemorrhage were thinner than those in superior or inferior symmetrical locations in the same eyes (81.7 ± 32.9 vs 100.7 ± 34.5 microns, P = .005), but were not different from those in equivalent locations in contralateral eyes (92.8 ± 31.7 microns, P = .092). Number of recurrent hemorrhages and RNFL thicknesses at sites of recurrent hemorrhages tended to show a negative correlation (correlation coefficient = -0.260, P = .079).
CONCLUSIONS
Disc hemorrhage is associated with RNFL thinning measured by optical coherence tomography, and a negative correlation was found between recurrent hemorrhages and RNFL thickness. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:118-125.]
AUTHORS
From the Department of Ophthalmology (JC, KHP, DMK), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; the Seoul Artificial Eye Center (JC, KHP, DMK, TWK), Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul; and the Department of Ophthalmology (TWK), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. Accepted for publication December 8, 2006. Address correspondence to Ki Ho Park, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, #28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
Atypical Myopic Retinoschisis
Authors: Sanabria M. Rosa , Coco Rosa M.
Published: October 2019

A 34-year-old woman with a refraction of -11 diopters in both eyes presented with a central scotoma and metamorphopsia in her right eye related to a juxtafoveal hemorrhage. Fluorescein angiography ruled out choroidal neovascularization and lacquer cracks. Optical coherence tomography revealed retinal splitting in the juxtafoveal area and the peripapillary area. No ophthalmoscopic peripheral abnormalities were observed. This is an atypical example of schisis associated with myopia because it was symptomatic, associated with hemorrhage, and did not affect the fovea. This may be an extension to the macula of a subclinical peripheral retinoschisis that became progressive and symptomatic due to vitreous tractional forces. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:157-159.]
AUTHORS
From the Hospital Rio Hortega (MRS) and the Instituto de Oftalmobiologia Aplicada (MRS, RMC), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. Accepted for publication August 26, 2006. Presented in part as a poster at the Euretina meeting, Barcelona, Spain, May 19-21, 2005. Address correspondence to M. Rosa Sanabria, MD, PhD, Instituto de Oftalmobiologia Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina, C/ Ramon y Cajal n° 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Macular Edema From Idiopathic Juxtafoveal Retinal Telangiectasis
Authors: Moon Suk J. , Berger Adam S. , Tolentino Michael J. , Misch David M.
Published: October 2019

To assess the potential visual benefit of intravitreal bevacizumab in a patient with idiopathic juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasis refractory to focal laser treatment, an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg) was given. Within 1 week, visual acuity improved from 20/50 to 20/25 and optical coherence tomography demonstrated complete resolution of macular edema. There was no adverse effect. The macular edema recurred after 3 months, requiring a repeat injection of bevacizumab with subsequent resolution of macular edema. An intravitreal injection of bevacizumab may provide potential short-term visual benefit in patients with macular edema from idiopathic juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasis. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:164-166.]
AUTHORS
From The Center for Retina and Macular Disease, Winter Haven, Florida. Accepted for publication January 10, 2007. Address correspondence to Suk J. Moon, MD, The Center for Retina and Macular Disease, 250 Avenue K, SW, Suite 200, Winter Haven, FL 33880.
Identification of Intraretinal Neovascularization by High-Speed Indocyanine Green Angiography in Idiopathic Perifoveal Telangiectasia
Authors: Peyman Gholam A. , Soheilian Masoud , Tavallali Ali
Published: October 2019

Rapid advances in imaging technology have dramatically improved our understanding of the flow patterns of intraretinal circulation in normal and diseased states. To identify the angiographic features and flow pattern of retinal circulation in a patient with type 2 idiopathic perifoveal telangiectasia, dynamic simultaneous high-speed videoangiography using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy was performed. This diagnostic tool provides enhanced anatomic resolution of retinal arterioles otherwise poorly defined by regular fluorescein and static indocyanine green angiography. High-speed indocyanine green angiography demonstrated dynamic flow abnormalities such as intraretinal neovascular complex and retino-retinal anastomosis in idiopathic perifoveal telangiectasia. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:167-169.]
AUTHORS
From the Department of Ophthalmology and the Ophthalmic Research Center (MS, AT), Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; the Negah Eye Hospital (MS), Tehran, Iran; and the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (GAP), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Accepted for publication November 20, 2006. Address correspondence to Masoud Soheilian, MD, Ophthalmology Department, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Boostan 9 Street, Pasdaran Avenue, Tehran, 16666, Iran.
Evaluation of an Australian Health Literacy Program Delivered in Adult Education Settings
Authors: McCaffery Kirsten J. , Morony Suzanne , Muscat Danielle M. , Hayen Andrew , Shepherd Heather L. , Dhillon Haryana M. , Smith Sian K. , Cvejic Erin , Meshreky Wedyan , Luxford Karen , Nutbeam Don
Published: October 2019

Background:

Adult education targeting health literacy (HL) may bring added value in the form of improved health.

Objective:

This study evaluated the effects of a HL program as part of an adult education curriculum for adults with low literacy and numeracy.

Methods:

This was a partial-cluster randomized controlled trial among 308 adults enrolled in basic education programs in Australia. Of the 308 participants, 141 (46%) were randomized to either the standard program (language, literacy, and numeracy [LLN]), or the HL intervention (LLN with embedded health content); the remainder (
n
= 167) were allocated to standard intervention programs by the education provider at the class level. The main outcomes were functional HL, self-reported confidence, patient activation, generic HL (ie, HLQ, health knowledge, and self-reported health behavior). Data were collected at baseline, immediately after, and at 6 months post-intervention.

Key Results:

Of the 308 participants, 71% had limited literacy and 60% spoke a language other than English at home. Both interventions benefited participants, with improvements from baseline to immediate follow up on individual-level functional HL (e.g., reading a thermometer; HL group 18.4% vs. standard group 7.2%;
p
= .001), confidence (HL group 0.34 vs. standard group 0.06;
p
= .014) and health literacy questionnaire (HLQ) subscales. At 6 months, improvements in confidence (
p
< .001) and some HLQ measures were retained. A consistent pattern of increased improvement in the HL program was observed compared to the standard program, although only some measures reached statistical significance: reading a food label (HL group 6.03/10 correct vs. standard group 5.49/10 correct;
p
= .022); confidence (
p
= .008); ability to actively manage health (HLQ) (
p
= .017), and health knowledge at 6 months (HL group 68% vs. standard group 60% correct,
p
= .052). HL participants reported being more likely to share course information and rated the program more useful to understand their health.

Conclusions:

Improving language, literacy, and numeracy generally has potential public health benefits that are retained at 6 months. Integrating health content adds further value to adult basic learning, is feasible, and potentially scalable.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(Suppl.):S42–S57.]

Plain Language Summary:

We compared the effect of an adult education-based health literacy (HL) program versus a standard language, literacy, and numeracy program on students' HL skills and psychosocial outcomes. Although students in both trial arms improved their skills, students in the HL program had better outcomes with higher HL, greater confidence, and higher health knowledge scores at 6 months.
“Health in the English Language”: A Partnership With the Alaska Literacy Program
Authors: Sarkar Jinia , Salyards Arreyellen , Riley Joan
Published: October 2019

Background:

Health literacy is an issue that is influenced by social determinants and improved by community-based initiatives. Enhancing health literacy can lead to patient engagement, appropriate use of health care, and improved health outcomes. Understanding the community stories by working with vulnerable populations, such as English language learners (ELL), can help inform other health literacy projects on how to enable ELL immigrants to be involved in their health care.

Brief Description of Activity:

“Health in the English Language” was an 8-week course based on the social view of health literacy that was created and taught by university students. This curriculum was implemented at the Alaska Literacy Program (ALP) during the summer of 2018 in Anchorage, Alaska. Course participants were adult ELL.

Implementation:

Throughout the summer, the course curriculum was adapted to fit students' needs. Course participants completed open-ended evaluations during the class, and feedback was obtained via interviews with leaders in the community and leaders at ALP. Community organizations were brought into the classroom using resource sheets and an end-of-course community health fair.

Results:

Student evaluations identified important themes of managing health care and medications, as well as learning new words. Feedback from ALP and community partners highlighted active teaching styles and how the course benefited the community. The results reflect the impact the course had on increasing student confidence, knowledge, and skills to interact with health care providers. The course created a culture that facilitated the ability of immigrant community members to access health resources. The feedback received demonstrated the importance of university students partnering with nonprofits to create effective health literacy programs that are community centered.

Lessons learned:

Similar programs can be replicated using community and university partnerships to address health literacy problems.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(Suppl.):S79–S87.]

Plain Language Summary:

The course “Health in the English Language” was created to teach English and skills to understand health information to English language learners. The course leaders worked with community-based organizations. A variety of content, such as going to the doctor's office, reading medication labels, describing symptoms, and staying healthy, was included.
Vocalizing Qualitative Methodologies in Education Research
Authors: Sekiwu Denis
Published: October 2019

This chapter explains the significance of grounded theory and the interpretative paradigm as powerful qualitative methodologies used in data analysis in education research. This chapter defines qualitative methodologies and their history and significance in education research. Authors discuss the science of coding from views advanced by the classical founders of grounded theory like Barney Glaser, Anselm Strauss, Corbin, and Catherine Charmaz. The chapter examines the important elements in content analysis and the interpretative paradigm, and provides practical illustrations on how qualitative methodologies could be used to analyze data in education research.
How Work-Life Balance and Research Skills Proficiency Affect Research Engagement
Authors: Atibuni Dennis Zami , Olema David Kani , Kibanja Grace Milly , Ssenyonga Joseph
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents how differences in levels of research engagement arise with respect to levels of work-life balance and research skills proficiency among Master of Education students in Uganda. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among two cohorts of the students (N = 102). The work-life balance of the students was generally low (M = 107.48, SD = 23.56). Though the majority of the students, 94 (92.2%), reported high levels of proficiency in research skills (M = 68.96, SD = 10.44), they indicated low levels of communication skills. Significant differences in research engagement existed among the students of different religious affiliations (χ2 = 0.823, p = .05), marital statuses (U = 370.00, p = .027), and levels of research skills proficiency (U = 88.00, p < .01). Implications for educational policy and practice include careful selection and training of adult learners at master's degree level, and staking the students in the research process through effectively imparting 21st century skills.
Challenges Confronting Students With Disabilities in Research Engagement in South Africa
Authors: Ndlovu Sibonokuhle
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents physical barriers, lack of adequate funding, poor supervision, delay in feedback, communication difficulties, negative attitudes, and impairment-related disadvantages as the unique challenges confronted by students with disabilities when doing research in higher education in South Africa. Data were collected through scanning South African and international literature available on Google scholar, ProQuest, in books, journal articles, and online resources. Informed by decolonial theory, the invisible underlying causes of the challenges are discussed. Suitable assistive devices, listening to students with disabilities' voices, and more time allocation are suggested as strategies that could improve research engagement for students with disabilities.
Postgraduate Student Research Realities in Uganda
Authors: Ssenyonga Joseph , Nakiganda Proscovia B.
Published: October 2019

Globally, there is a high quest for graduate education with many prospective students aspiring to attain advanced qualifications to obtain a better career path and higher income. Besides, postgraduate education fosters skills development. However, in Uganda, many students enroll in different graduate programs but fail to complete them in the stipulated timeframe. Furthermore, most of the master's students tend to successfully finish their first year which basically has the coursework component yet fail to complete the second year that has the research component. Doctoral students make little progress when it comes to their research. The authors will examine general research preparation, writing, and methodology skills that are critical to graduate studies and research. With the necessary support, mentoring, and planning, graduate research can be made a better process for students and supervisors.
Institutional Support and Student-Faculty Interaction for Postgraduate Research Engagement
Authors: Atibuni Dennis Zami
Published: October 2019

Quality institutional support and student-faculty interaction are critical to effective research engagement and efficient completion among higher education students. However, the research engagement of many postgraduate students in Uganda is characterised by low completion rates, longer stay on the journey, and high drop-out among others. In this interpretative phenomenological qualitative study using focus group discussions among Master of Education cohorts of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 and seven key informant interviews among research advisors in Ugandan universities, the author explored gaps in institutional support and student-faculty interaction that negatively affected the students' research engagement. Findings revealed wanting institutional support in resources, operating procedures, organisation and communication, supervision, curricula, and student financing. Student-faculty interaction gaps included supervisor absenteeism and emotional and behavioural dereliction. Strategies to fix the gaps were also solicited. Recommendations for policy and practice were advanced.
Obstacles for Students With Disabilities in the Supervision Process at Postgraduate Level in South Africa
Authors: Ndlovu Sibonokuhle
Published: October 2019

The chapter presents the obstacles in supervision for students with disabilities at post-graduate level in South African higher education. Data were collected through scanning South African and international literature available on Google scholar, ProQuest, in books, journal articles, and online resources. Decolonial theory informed understanding of why the obstacles are confronted by the particular students. The findings revealed limited supervision is the main obstacle. The argument for the chapter is that students with disabilities' obstacles in supervision are far deeper than those seen at surface level.
Cultural Festivals of Botswana Ethnic Communities
Authors: Chebanne Andy
Published: October 2019

Botswana is known in the recent years for the variety of its ethnic communities' cultural festivals. Activities that celebrate culture of indigenous communities have hitherto remained in the ethno-cultural domains of manifestation or production. While their initial purpose was to celebrate culture, they are increasingly integrating business strategies for the purposes of supporting their annual celebrations and also attracting people with diverse leisure interests. Cultural festivals are emerging local tourism activities that can effectively contribute to economic development and diversification. Strategies that emerge from annual events have been honed over the years and better logistic approaches have ensured their success in commercialization. Coordinated national strategies are required to make festivals attractive tourist destinations on the national calendar.
An Indigenous Perspective on Technology Education
Authors: Gumbo Mishack T.
Published: October 2019

This chapter raises the need to consider the indigenous perspective in Technology Education. The cultural aspect that undergirds indigenous technology is prominent in the discussion to abase thesis of the chapter. The author confronts the dominance of western knowledge in the subject, revisits the definition of Technology, explores indigenous technologies in South Africa, and factors in the indigenous perspective in the subject of Technology Education. Scholars and practitioners (teachers) should begin to appreciate the alternative forms of knowledge, which the subject of Technology Education presents the opportunity to accommodate. The consideration to integrate the indigenous perspective will facilitate the reconceptualisation of the subject and its teaching. Indigenous learners cannot afford not to be taught the technologies existent in their communities. Non-indigenous learners, too, cannot afford to be naïve of alternative perspectives of technology. Additionally, scholars and researchers have a scholarly mandate to discourse about alternative perspectives.
English Writing via a Social Networking Platform
Authors: Yu Wei-Chieh Wayne
Published: October 2019

This study examined students' perceptions of completing an English writing class via a social networking platform. Participants were 162 aboriginal students between 18 and 23 years of age at a nursing college in southern Taiwan. Different ethnicities were defined and represented by different memberships of indigenous groups or tribes, also known as the aboriginals. The participants were completing a required English language course and were required to pass an English Proficiency test as an exit requirement of the university. Participants' pretest scores indicated that they had a positive perception of taking a web-based class. At the conclusion of the study, based on posttest scores, students' positive perceptions decreased noticeably for six of the thirteen items on the instrument. The findings of the study also indicated that tribal membership had no significant impact on students' perceptions of completing an English writing class via a predominantly web-based environment.
Indigenising the University Curriculum in Southern Africa
Authors: Shava Soul , Nkopodi Nkopodi
Published: October 2019

The academic landscape in higher education institutions (universities) in southern Africa (countries in SADC)) remains highly influenced by western epistemologies. This is despite the fact that these academic institutions are situated in independent states. The research and teaching activities in universities are entrenched within western theories and knowledge disciplines that are presented as neutral, universal and singular. The implication is that while we celebrate political independence we are still entrapped in continuing coloniality. This points to a need for reframing the curriculum to prioritise the interests of Africans. This chapter explores possible factors that contribute to the continued alienation of indigenous knowledges in southern African universities. It argues that in order to achieve the indigenisation of universities in Africa there is a need for a decolonial process to subvert and decentre western epistemologies by offering African Indigenous epistemologies and African-centred standpoints as alternatives in research and teaching processes in the academy.
Conceptualizing the Knowledge of Traditional and Indigenous Communities Using Informetrics Approaches
Authors: Ngulube Patrick , Onyancha Omwoyo Bosire
Published: October 2019

Interest in indigenous knowledge is growing because of its potential to promote and sustain development activities. Inspite of the recognition of the significance of indigenous knowledge there is limited agreement on its definition and conceptualization. There are competing ways of defining it and various ways of labeling it. In view of the varying appropriation of meanings to the concept of the knowledge of traditional and indigenous communities, this chapter starts by dealing with definitions attached to the knowledge of traditional and indigenous communities before turning to establishing what might be the suitable label for that knowledge using informetrics techniques. An investigation of 17 labels used to refer to the knowledge of traditional and indigenous communities that were conveniently chosen from the extant literature revealed that indigenous knowledge is the label that is gaining more currency than any other in the arts, humanities, and social sciences subject categories.
Researching Indigenous Ways of Knowing-and-Being
Authors: Romm Norma Ruth Arlene
Published: October 2019

This chapter focuses on exploring the contributions of indigenous-oriented relational thinking-and-being in terms of implications for the quality of social living and for sustaining relationships with everything in our ecological niche. It offers an account of how we can treat Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) as envisaging socio-economic development differently from economic models of growth which thus far can be said to govern processes of globalization. The chapter attempts to demonstrate that resuscitating IKS is not so much a matter of researchers' documenting and respecting the content of indigenous knowledge that has been created to date. More important is to direct research with the aim of drawing out and revitalizing the styles of knowing and living that can be interpreted as characterizing indigeneity. Examples are provided of how research can be directed with this in mind.
Efficacy of Culture Houses and Centres in the Acquisition, Preservation, and Dissemination of Indigenous Knowledge in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chigwada Josiline Phiri , Chiparausha Blessing
Published: October 2019

This chapter documents the role played by culture centres and houses in the acquisition, preservation and dissemination of indigenous knowledge (IK) in a digital era in Zimbabwe. It states the ethical issues involved when acquiring, preserving and disseminating IK in the digital era. A history of culture houses and centres was studied and a literature review of the role of culture centres was done. In Zimbabwe, it was noted that culture houses and centres do not have a web presence. However, there are challenges that are met by information specialists working in these culture houses and centres in the process of managing IK. These challenges are part of the ethical issues that should be considered in the production, access and use of IK. Recommendations have been put forward that would help culture houses and centres in their bid to manage IK in the digital era.
Mobile Learning as a Tool for Indigenous Language Revitalization and Sustainability in Canada
Authors: Koole Marguerite , Lewis Kevin wâsakâyâsiw
Published: October 2019

In this article, the authors explore how mobile learning can complement the Certificate of Indigenous Languages program at the University of Saskatchewan in Western Canada. Through the FRAME model analysis, the authors extract salient cultural, pedagogical, environmental, and technological characteristics that should be considered in the development of mobile learning tools and approaches for Cree language teachers. It is hoped that this article will stimulate a dialogue amongst designers and Indigenous groups regarding language sustainability through mobile learning. The article concludes with key findings: the need to follow protocols, to establish good relationships, and to design for areas of low/no bandwidth. Finally, the examination of current Indigenous language learning methods provides ideas for the development of much needed “apps” appropriate for Cree learners and teachers.
Preservation of Indigenous Knowledge through Indigenous Languages in Zimbabwe
Authors: Hikwa Lawton , Maisiri Esabel
Published: October 2019

The chapter seeks to demonstrate the need to preserve indigenous knowledge through the preservation of indigenous languages in Zimbabwe. This is premised on linguistic determinism which states that language precedes thought and determines one's worldview. Therefore, by preserving indigenous languages, which in Zimbabwe have continued to be marginalized, the country would be preserving its intangible heritage and maintaining the diversity of its knowledge base. Activities undertaken to preserve indigenous languages are assessed and suggestions put forward on how library and information science professionals could also take part in preserving the knowledge resources. The chapter is based on a literature review.
GIS and the A'i of Colombia
Authors: Stocks Anthony , Reyes Manuela Ruiz , Rios-Franco Carlos Andrés
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the work of the WCS with the A'i Indigenous people in Colombia as part of a USAID-funded project between 2009 and 2011. The project had several dimensions that make it unusual. Unlike conventional “counter-mapping” attempts to represent Indigenous land claims as a counter to government representations, the project sought to create maps and analyses that represent prior land assignments to the A'i by the Colombian government itself. These land assignments were not supported by geo-referenced maps and, in the case of Indigenous “reserves” the original boundary markers were only known to the oldest of the A'i people. Analysis of forest cover in lands controlled by the A'i reveal that they are highly protective of forests; indeed their collective identity is strongly related to forest cover. The process described also illustrates the difficult position many Indigenous Amazonians face in an era of drug wars, uncontrolled colonization, and in the case of Colombia, the lack of follow-up to the political and social measures envisioned in the 1991 Constitution.
Exploração de Mão de Obra na Fabricação de Produtos: Quem se Importa?
Authors: Cordeiro Rafaela Almeida , Brandão Mariana Hammel , Strehlau Vivian Iara
Published: October 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar se a imagem de marcas associadas à exploração de mão de obra afeta a intenção de compra de produtos (artigos esportivos). Para investigar tal questão, foi conduzido um experimento com 269 consumidores brasileiros. Os resultados evidenciam que: a intenção de compra de artigos esportivos não depende da associação da marca à exploração de mão de obra, mas é impactada pelo envolvimento com o produto e prestígio da marca. Esse resultado abre margem para uma série de investigações a respeito da responsabilidade social corporativa das empresas e o papel do consumidor, ampliando as discussões sobre o tema.