bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Perioperative Hyperglycemia or Glucose Variability and Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Yoo Seokha , Lee Ho-Jin , Lee Hannah , Ryu Ho-Geol
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND:

Glucose control can be difficult in the intraoperative and immediate postoperative period of liver transplantation. Hyperglycemia and glucose variability have been associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. We performed a retrospective study to test the hypothesis that perioperative glucose levels represented by time-weighted average glucose levels and glucose variability are independently associated with the incidence of postoperative AKI in patients undergoing liver transplantation.

METHODS:

On the basis of blood glucose levels during liver transplantation and the initial 48 hours postoperatively, adult liver transplant recipients were classified into 4 groups according to their time-weighted average glucose: normoglycemia (80–200 mg/dL), mild hyperglycemia (200–250 mg/dL), moderate hyperglycemia (250–300 mg/dL), and severe hyperglycemia (>300 mg/dL) group. Patients were also classified into quartiles depending on their glucose variability, defined as the standard deviation of glucose measurements. The primary outcome was postoperative AKI.

RESULTS:

AKI after liver transplantation was more common in the patients with greater perioperative glucose variability (first versus third quartile; OR, 2.47 [95%CI, 1.22–5.00], P = .012; first versus fourth quartile; OR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.05–4.42], P = .035).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study suggests that increased perioperative glucose variability, but not hyperglycemia, is independently associated with increased risk of postoperative AKI in liver transplantation recipients.
National Human Capital Efficiency in Modern Russia
Authors: Пугачев  , Pugachyev Vasiliy
Published: October 2016

This article in the light of modern research clarifies categorical apparatus of the concept of human capital, defines its constructive opportunities for finding ways of effective development of society. Essential conditions for the effective use of national human capital are identified: availability of real human capital in proper amount; its quality, structural maturity, practical orientation, sufficient degree of not only knowledge, but also competency based component, which allows to use it in practice, in real actions; the accordance of human capital, its representing abilities and competencies with the needs of production development and strategy of the State; availability of the effective mechanism of the use of personnel, which provides taking up posts by specialists based on professional competence, constructive motivation and ability to work, as well as the relevance of these competences at the workplace. The author diagnoses problems in the field of quantitative and qualitative parameters of national human capital in this country and the social mechanism of its usage and outlines ways of solving them.
Legal responsibilities of veterinary professionals when working with wildlife centres
Authors: Mullineaux Elizabeth
Published: October 2016

Injured or orphaned animals are frequently presented by members of the general public to veterinary surgeons working in general practice in the UK. After some form of veterinary intervention and treatment, suitable cases can be rehabilitated, usually at a wildlife centre, before being released back to the wild. Wild animals in the UK are included in the Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 and the Veterinary Medicines Regulations, therefore Registered veterinary surgeons and veterinary nurses have legal as well as ethical responsibility for their care. In order to ensure full care to the point of successful release of suitable cases back to the wild, a good collaborative working relationship between veterinary professionals and wildlife rescue centres is essential.
Proliferation and Survival of Embryonic Sympathetic Neuroblasts by MYCN and Activated ALK Signaling
Authors: Kramer Marco , Ribeiro Diogo , Arsenian-Henriksson Marie , Deller Thomas , Rohrer Hermann
Published: October 2016

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood tumor that arises from the sympathoadrenal lineage.MYCNamplification is the most reliable marker for poor prognosis andMYCNoverexpression in embryonic mouse sympathetic ganglia results in NB-like tumors. MYCN cooperates with mutational activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which promotes progression to NB, but the role of MYCN and ALK in tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. Here, we use chick sympathetic neuroblasts to examine the normal function ofMYCNandMYCin the control of neuroblast proliferation, as well as effects of overexpression ofMYCN,MYC, and activated ALK, alone and in combination. We demonstrate thatMYCis more strongly expressed thanMYCNduring neurogenesis and is important forin vitroneuroblast proliferation.MYCandMYCNoverexpression elicits increased proliferation but does not sustain neuroblast survival. Unexpectedly, long-term expression of activatedALKF1174Lleads to cell-cycle arrest and promotes differentiation and survival of postmitotic neurons.ALKF1174LinducesNEFM,RET, andVACHTand results in decreased expression of proapototic (BMF, BIM), adrenergic (TH), and cell-cycle genes (e.g.,CDC25A, CDK1). In contrast, neuroblast proliferation is maintained whenMYCNandALKF1174Lare coexpressed. ProliferatingMYCN/ALKF1174Lneuroblasts display a differentiated phenotype but differ fromALK-expressing neurons by the upregulation ofSKP2,CCNA2,E2F8, andDKC1. Inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2), which targets the CDK inhibitor p27 for degradation, reduces neuroblast proliferation, implicating SKP2 in the maintained proliferation ofMYCN/ALKF1174Lneuroblasts. Together, our results characterize MYCN/ALK cooperation leading to neuroblast proliferation and survival that may represent initial steps toward NB development.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMYCN overexpression combined with activated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is sufficient to induce neuroblastoma (NB) in mouse sympathoadrenal cells. To address cellular and molecular effects elicited by MYCN/ALK cooperation, we used cultures of chick sympathetic neuroblasts. We demonstrate thatMYCNincreases proliferation but not survival, whereas long-term expression ofALKF1174Lelicits cell-cycle exit, differentiation, and survival of postmitotic neurons. CombinedMYCN/ALKF1174Lexpression allows long-term proliferation and survival of neuroblasts with differentiated characteristics. In the presence ofALKF1174Lsignaling,MYCNinduces the expression of the ubiquitin ligase SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2), which targets p27 for degradation and is also upregulated in high-risk NB. SKP2 inhibition supports a function for SKP2 in the maintained neuroblast proliferation downstream of MYCN/ALK, which may represent an early step toward tumorigenesis.
Disruption of Protein Processing in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of DYT1Knock-inMice Implicates Novel Pathways in Dystonia Pathogenesis
Authors: Beauvais Genevieve , Bode Nicole M. , Watson Jaime L. , Wen Hsiang , Glenn Kevin A. , Kawano Hiroyuki , Harata N. Charles , Ehrlich Michelle E. , Gonzalez-Alegre Pedro
Published: October 2016

Dystonia type 1 (DYT1) is a dominantly inherited neurological disease caused by mutations inTOR1A, the gene encoding the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein torsinA. Previous work mostly completed in cell-based systems suggests that mutant torsinA alters protein processing in the secretory pathway. We hypothesized that inducing ER stress in the mammalian brainin vivowould trigger or exacerbate mutant torsinA-induced dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, we crossed DYT1knock-inwith p58(IPK)-null mice. The ER co-chaperone p58(IPK) interacts with BiP and assists in protein maturation by helping to fold ER cargo. Its deletion increases the cellular sensitivity to ER stress. We found a lower generation of DYT1knock-in/p58knock-outmice than expected from this cross, suggesting a developmental interaction that influences viability. However, surviving animals did not exhibit abnormal motor function. Analysis of brain tissue uncovered dysregulation of eiF2α and Akt/mTOR translational control pathways in the DYT1 brain, a finding confirmed in a second rodent model and in human brain. Finally, an unbiased proteomic analysis identified relevant changes in the neuronal protein landscape suggesting abnormal ER protein metabolism and calcium dysregulation. Functional studies confirmed the interaction between the DYT1 genotype and neuronal calcium dynamics. Overall, these findings advance our knowledge on dystonia, linking translational control pathways and calcium physiology to dystonia pathogenesis and identifying potential new pharmacological targets.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDystonia type 1 (DYT1) is one of the different forms of inherited dystonia, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, disabling movements. DYT1 is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein torsinA. How mutant torsinA causes neuronal dysfunction remains unknown. Here, we show the behavioral and molecular consequences of stressing the ER in DYT1 mice by increasing the amount of misfolded proteins. This resulted in the generation of a reduced number of animals, evidence of abnormal ER protein processing and dysregulation of translational control pathways. The work described here proposes a shared mechanism for different forms of dystonia, links for the first time known biological pathways to dystonia pathogenesis, and uncovers potential pharmacological targets for its treatment.
Drug-Induced Alterations of Endocannabinoid-Mediated Plasticity in Brain Reward Regions
Authors: Zlebnik Natalie E. , Cheer Joseph F.
Published: October 2016

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has emerged as one of the most important mediators of physiological and pathological reward-related synaptic plasticity. eCBs are retrograde messengers that provide feedback inhibition, resulting in the suppression of neurotransmitter release at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and they serve a critical role in the spatiotemporal regulation of both short- and long-term synaptic plasticity that supports adaptive learning of reward-motivated behaviors. However, mechanisms of eCB-mediated synaptic plasticity in reward areas of the brain are impaired following exposure to drugs of abuse. Because of this, it is theorized that maladaptive eCB signaling may contribute to the development and maintenance of addiction-related behavior. Here we review various forms of eCB-mediated synaptic plasticity present in regions of the brain involved in reward and reinforcement and explore the potential physiological relevance of maladaptive eCB signaling to addiction vulnerability.
Basal Ganglia Output Controls Active Avoidance Behavior
Authors: Hormigo Sebastian , Vega-Flores German , Castro-Alamancos Manuel A.
Published: October 2016

Engrained avoidance behavior is highly adaptive when it keeps away harmful events and can be highly maladaptive when individuals elude harmless situations in anxiety disorders, but the neural circuits that mediate avoidance are poorly understood. Using DREADDs and optogenetics in mice, we show that the output of the basal ganglia through the substantia nigrapars reticulata(SNr) controls active avoidance. SNr excitation blocks avoidance to a conditioned sensory stimulus while preserving the ability to escape the harmful event. Conversely, SNr inhibition facilitates avoidance to the conditioned stimulus and suffices to drive avoidance without any conditioned sensory stimulus. The results highlight a midbrain circuit that gates avoidance responses, which can be targeted to ameliorate maladaptive avoidance in psychiatric disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn many circumstances, subjects respond to fearful situations with avoidance. This is a useful coping strategy in situations in which there is impending danger. However, avoidance responses can also be maladaptive, as in anxiety disorders such as phobias (e.g., avoiding air transportation) and social anxiety (e.g., avoiding social situations). Despite the obvious clinical relevance, little is known about the neural circuits that mediate active avoidance. Using chemogenetics and optogenetics, we show that the output of the basal ganglia fully controls active avoidance behavior.
Functional Subdomains within Scene-Selective Cortex: Parahippocampal Place Area, Retrosplenial Complex, and Occipital Place Area
Authors: Çukur Tolga , Huth Alexander G. , Nishimoto Shinji , Gallant Jack L.
Published: October 2016

Functional MRI studies suggest that at least three brain regions in human visual cortex—the parahippocampal place area (PPA), retrosplenial complex (RSC), and occipital place area (OPA; often called the transverse occipital sulcus)—represent large-scale information in natural scenes. Tuning of voxels within each region is often assumed to be functionally homogeneous. To test this assumption, we recorded blood oxygenation level-dependent responses during passive viewing of complex natural movies. We then used a voxelwise modeling framework to estimate voxelwise category tuning profiles within each scene-selective region. In all three regions, cluster analysis of the voxelwise tuning profiles reveals two functional subdomains that differ primarily in their responses to animals, man-made objects, social communication, and movement. Thus, the conventional functional definitions of the PPA, RSC, and OPA appear to be too coarse. One attractive hypothesis is that this consistent functional subdivision of scene-selective regions is a reflection of an underlying anatomical organization into two separate processing streams, one selectively biased toward static stimuli and one biased toward dynamic stimuli.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual scene perception is a critical ability to survive in the real world. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the human brain contains neural circuitry selective for visual scenes. Here we show that responses in three scene-selective areas—identified in previous studies—carry information about many object and action categories encountered in daily life. We identify two subregions in each area: one that is selective for categories of man-made objects, and another that is selective for vehicles and locomotion-related action categories that appear in dynamic scenes. This consistent functional subdivision may reflect an anatomical organization into two processing streams, one biased toward static stimuli and one biased toward dynamic stimuli.
KEBIJAKAN RUMPONISASI PERIKANAN PUKAT CINCIN INDONESIA YANG BEROPERASI DI PERAIRAN LAUT LEPAS
Authors: Nugroho Duto , Atmaja Suherman Banon
Published: October 2016

Penggunaan rumpon laut-dalam telah mengubah taktik dan strategi perikanan pukat cincin pelagis kecil yang beroperasi di perairan dangkal untuk bergeser pada perikanan tuna neritik tropis. Rumponisasi perikanan pukat cincin yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan produktivitas telah menjadi masalah serius pada perikanan neritik tuna. Hal ini terjadi karena tertangkapnya ikan berukuran kecil dalam jumlah yang dominan sehingga dalam jangka panjang akan berpotensi konflik dengan perikanan lainnya. Para ilmuwan yang tergabung dalam pengelolaan perikanan regional merekomendasikan bahwa pengembangan terkendali terhadap penggunaan rumpon di daerah asuhan juvenile tuna tropis. Pengendalian dalam jangka panjang dapat meminimalkan ancaman bagi kelangsungan hidup kelompok jenis tuna. Hal ini terkait dengan pentingnya memperbesar peluang masuknya sediaan kelompok jenis ini pada tingkat yang layak untuk dimanfaatkan. Di Indonesia, pilihan kebijakan perikanan tangkap baik melalui peralihan sasaran kelompok spesies maupun diversifikasi usaha penangkapan akan selalu bertumpu pada pertimbangan sosial. Bagaimanapun juga, proses mengubah pemahaman nelayan nelalui pengendalian jumlah dan teknologi kapal penangkap ikan serta penutupan sementara daerah penangkapan yang akan melalui proses panjang harus tetap dijalankan untuk mencegah runtuhnya perikanan yang saat ini sedang berjalan.

The use of Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) has radically changing the tactic and strategy shallow waters small pelagic purse seiner into high seas tropical neritics tuna fisheries. Applying FADs on purse seine fishery which initiated to increase its productivity became a serious problem to neritics
tuna fishery. This indicated by the negative impact on neritics and tropical tuna populations due to large number of small size of tunas being caught and uncertain of number and of FADS position in the high seas. In the long run it will generate a potential conflict to other existing fisheries. The member scientists of regional fisheries management organization (RFMO) recommends that the development of the use of FADs, especially in the area which dominated of juvenile of tropical tuna, should be strongly regulated. FADs management through control system should be applied to minimize impact on recruitment process that associated with the importance of long term availability of its fisheries. Management option through shifting target species and diversification of the fishing activities in
Indonesia would always be rely on social dimension. Nevertheles, reorientation on fishers understanding on controllable number of fishing vessels and its technological creeps should strongly be implemented to avoid collapse their existing fisheries.
TERAPI BAKTERIOFAGA: BISAKAH SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGGANTI ANTIBIOTIKA PADA AKUAKULTUR?
Authors: Lusiastuti Angela Mariana
Published: October 2016

Kemoterapi merupakan metode efektif dan cepat untuk mengobati dan mencegah infeksi bakterial, tetapi penggunaan yang terlalu sering dapat menyebabkan munculnya strain bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotika. Bakteriofaga dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat agen terapi untuk infeksi bakterial. Bagaimana efek protektif faga melawan infeksi bakterial dan bagaimana potensinya sebagai phage therapy pada akuakultur dibahas di sini.
BUDIDAYA IKAN HIAS SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL PERIKANAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kusrini Eni
Published: October 2016

Indonesia diharapkan menjadi Negara Penghasil Produk Kelautan dan Perikanan Terbesar Tahun 2015. Sektor kelautan dan perikanan sebagai salah satu penggerak utama (prime mover) perekonomian, perlu terus ditingkatkan produksinya sehingga akan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat kelautan dan perikanan. Ikan hias yang diperdagangkan di dunia mencapai 1.600 jenis, di mana 750 jenis di antaranya adalah ikan air tawar. Pada tahun 2010, Indonesia menargetkan ekspor ikan hias akan meningkat sebesar 10%. Upaya dalam mendorong pengembangan kawasan perikanan budidaya di daerah-daerah dalam rangka meningkatkan pertumbuhan perekonomian, maka dilakukan program minapolitan. Dukungan penelitian terhadap program minapolitan khususnya budidaya ikan hias antara lain dalam pengembangan ikan hias yang bersifat konvensional (maskoki, guppy, cupang hias); pemanfaatan sumberdaya genetik baru dari alam yang dapat didomestikasi (rainbow), peningkatan produksi ikan hias dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi/mahal (arwana, botia), dan tren (tigerfish) baik berupa paket teknologi maupun penerapan di masyarakat secara langsung. Dalam tulisan ini dikemukakan prospek dan peluang serta program pengembangan dan dukungan penelitian bagi pengembangan budidaya ikan hias.
JENIS DAN DOSIS AKTIVATOR PADA PEMBUATAN KOMPOS BERBAHAN BAKU MAKROALGA
Authors: Susianingsih Endang , Nurbaya Nurbaya
Published: October 2016

Kompos (pupuk organik) merupakan salah satu bahan yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah karena dapat meningkatkan retensi/ketersediaan hara di dalam tanah sebagai upaya untuk memperbaiki sifat kimia, fisika, dan biologi tanah. Salah satu material organik yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan kompos adalah makroalga dari jenis rumput laut terutama dari jenis yang kurang memiliki nilai ekonomis (fluktuasi harga) dan dari jenis yang pertumbuhannya cepat karena dapat menjadi limbah dalam perairan. Teknologi pengomposan sangat beragam, di antaranya dengan penggunaan aktivator yang bertujuan untuk mempercepat proses pengomposan. Beberapa aktivator komersil telah banyak beredar di pasaran sesuai dengan peruntukan dan keunggulannya masing-masing. Akan tetapi aktivator yang diperoleh dari bahan baku yang akan dijadikan kompos atau pupuk organik belum banyak dilakukan begitu pula mengenai dosis penggunaannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan dosis aktivator komersil dan aktivator hasil isolasi yang sesuai dan dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan kompos berbahan baku makroalga. Sebanyak 3 jenis makroalga yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku yaitu: Sargassum sp., E. spinosum, dan Gracilaria sp., menggunakan 2 (dua) jenis aktivator yaitu aktivator hasil isolasi dari bahan baku dan EM 4 sebagai aktivator pembanding dengan 3 tingkatan dosis aktivator 104, 106, dan 108 CFU/mL. Peubah yang diamati meliputi perubahan kompos yang terjadi secara morfologi pada akhir penelitian, suhu, kadar C-organik, N-total, P, dan K. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Sargassum dengan aktivator hasil isolasi pada dosis 108 CFU/mL menghasilkan kompos dengan mutu yang lebih baik.
POLIKULTUR RUMPUT LAUT (Gracilaria verrucosa) DENGAN BANDENG DI KABUPATEN BREBES, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Priono Bambang , Andriyanto Septyan , Insan Irsyaphiani
Published: October 2016

Rumput laut merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan yang memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan. Hampir seluruh perairan pantai Indonesia dapat ditanami rumput laut, termasuk jenis Gracilaria verrucosa yang banyak dibudidayakan di tambak-tambak rakyat yang kurang produktif. Beberapa faktor penyebab produktivitas belum optimal adalah paket teknologi budidayanya yang belum tersosialisasikan dengan baik. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai polikultur rumput laut dengan bandeng di tambak untuk mengetahui performan bibit terbaik dari beberapa kultivar berdasarkan lokasi sumber bibit. Penelitian dilakukan di tambak pembudidaya di Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah seluas 6 ha dan masing-masing berukuran 0,5-1 ha/petak. Persiapan yang dilakukan meliputi perbaikan saluran inlet, outlet, pematang, pintu air dan pelataran, pemberantasan hama dan biota liar, pemupukkan, serta pengisian air (ketinggian 60 cm). Pada setiap petak dibuat 3 petak pengamatan berbentuk segi empat berukuran 1 m2 (sebagai ulangan). Bibit rumput laut yang ditanam sebanyak 2.200 kg/ha, sedangkan pada petak pengamatan ditanam sebanyak 1 kg/petak. Guna meminimalkan pertumbuhan klekap dan lumut maka pada setiap petak tambak ditebari gelondongan bandeng sebanyak 2.500 ekor/ha. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa rumput laut yang ditanam dapat tumbuh mencapai lebih dari 375% selama lebih dari 2 bulan pemeliharaan dan menunjukkan bahwa rumput laut Gracilaria verrucosa dapat dipelihara bersama dengan bandeng.
BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN INDUSTRIALISASI PERIKANAN
Authors: Priono Bambang
Published: October 2016

Rumput laut (seaweed) merupakan salah satu komoditas potensial dan dapat dijadikan andalan bagi upaya pengembangan usaha skala kecil dan menengah yang sering disebut sebagai Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM). Ini terjadi karena rumput laut sangat banyak manfaatnya, baik melalui pengolahan sederhana yang langsung dapat dikonsumsi maupun melalui pengolahan yang lebih kompleks, seperti produk farmasi, kosmetik, dan pangan, serta produk lainnya. Perairan Indonesia yang luasnya sekitar 70% dari wilayah Nusantara mempunyai potensi untuk usaha budidaya laut, termasuk di antaranya budidaya rumput laut. Jenis rumput laut yang mempunyai potensi untuk dibudidayakan adalah Eucheuma sp. dan Gracilaria sp. Upaya mengembangkan budidaya rumput laut jenis ini perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitasnya, khususnya dalam rangka memenuhi permintaan industri. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai budidaya rumput laut yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan industri pengolahannya menjadi barang setengah jadi, yaitu tepung rumput laut atau biasa disebut “karaginan”, sebagai bahan baku industri produk farmasi dan lain sebagainya.
PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS BUDIDAYA IKAN DI LAHAN GAMBUT Gleni Hasan Huwoyon dan Rudhy Gustiano
Authors: Huwoyon Gleni Hasan , Gustiano Rudhy
Published: October 2016

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kawasan gambut tropika terluas di dunia, berkisar antara 13,5-26,5 juta ha (rata-rata 20 juta ha). Luas area gambut tersebut merupakan 50% gambut tropika dunia. Untuk mengoptimalkan potensi lahan gambut melalui perikanan diperlukan suatu strategi untuk menanggulangi masalah pH rendah. Pilihan strategi yang dapat diterapkan melalui pendekatan biologis adalah dengan memanfaatkan secara optimal ikan lokal yang telah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan tersebut selain itu, strategi pendekatan secara biologis lainnya adalah dengan melakukan introduksi ikan-ikan dari luar dan hasil rekayasa yang tahan terhadap perairan gambut. Beberapa jenis ikan yang telah diintroduksi dan mulai dikembangkan di perairan gambut adalah ikan patin siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), lele dumbo (Clarias gariepienus), dan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) strain BEST (Bogor Enhanched Strain Tilapia). Untuk mendukung pengembangan budidaya yang berkelanjutan diperlukan adanya pemahaman pengelolaan lingkungan yang benar di perairan gambut. Untuk mengoptimalkan potensi yang ada perlu adanya transfer teknologi dalam pengembangan ikan-ikan yang berpotensi untuk dibudidayakan di perairan gambut agar kesejahteraan dan pembangunan daerah khususnya berbasis perikanan dapat tercapai.
Civil engineering heritage: country profile – Canada
Authors: MacKenzie Alistair , Straka Vera
Published: October 2016

This paper is a review of the civil engineering heritage of Canada, one of the series of national profiles being published by Engineering History and Heritage. It is presented under four headings: ‘Canada’s major civil engineering achievements’, ‘National and regional recognition of engineering heritage’, ‘Exemplar conservation of engineering structures’ and ‘Information sources for engineering heritage’. The profile discusses engineering structures of heritage importance, including the Victoria Bridge in Montreal; the Quebec Bridge in Ste-Foy, Quebec; the Canadian Pacific Transcontinental Railway; the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage sites in the Historic District of Quebec City; and the Rideau canal in Ottawa. The profile lists organisations in Canada that are active in helping conserve its engineering heritage, including the Ministry of Canadian Heritage, the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada and many provincial heritage organisations, and concludes with a short list of websites and books giving further information about Canadian civil engineering heritage.
En torno al par sinonímico "invenio"-"reperio": empleo lexemático
Authors: Domínguez Domínguez Juan Francisco
Published: October 2016

En torno al par sinonímico "invenio"-"reperio": empleo lexemático
La influencia del contexto vocálico en el anáisis acústico de [x]
Authors: Barreiro Bilbao Silvia Carmen
Published: October 2016

El presente estudio pretende dar una descripción acústica del sonido fricativo [x] delante de tres sonidos vocálicos [a], [i] y [u]. El numero de informantes fue de dos. El análisis acustico se realizó con un sonógrafo 5500. Se estudió cada muestra del sonido velar en relación con el contexto en el que se producía, así se tomó 100 ms de muestra de cada una de las partes. No se eliminó ninguna zona para que se observaran los efectos coarticulatorios. El análisis nos dejó de manifiesto que la estructura formántica del sonido [x] está en estrecha relación con la del sonido vocálico con el que comparte contexto. Por lo que podemos suponer que el aire, proveniente de los pulmones, tras producir la fricción a la altura del velo del paladar, provocada por el estrechamiento de los órganos, se encuentra con una configuración del tracto vocal en cierto modo similar a la de la voal que le sigue.

In this report we present the results of the acoustic analysis of fricative sounds [x] before three vocalic sounds [a], [i] and [u]. Two male speakers served as subjects for the recording of the material. The stimuli were analysed with the 5500 sonograph. We studied the velar portions in relation to the contexts in which these sounds were produced. No part was eliminated, so the effects of the coarticulation were present. The results of the analysis showed that the formant structure of [x] is closely related to that of the following vowel. According to this fact, we can deduce that the air, coming fron the lungs, after causing friction at the velar palate produced by the narrowing of the organs, meets a configuration of the vocal tract similar, in a sense, to the that of the next vowel.
Outcome of Intra Uterine Insemination for HIV Serodiscordant Couple
Authors: Halim Binarwan
Published: October 2016

Introduction

HIV serodiscordant couple who wish to have offspring but fear of disease contagious prohibittedthem from concieved naturally. Intrauterine insemination without having direct sexual contact is one of the method to achieve this wish. This study was aimed to evaluate the outcome of intrauterine insemination in HIV serodiscordant couple.

Material and methods

Retrospective analytic study was done. HIV serodiscordant couple who have been treated with intrauterine insemination from January 2010 until June 2014 in Halim Fertility Centre Medan was included in this study.

Results

There were 27 cycles of intrauterine insemination from HIV serodiscordant couple. The clinical pregnancy rate were 33.3%. None of the babies or mother after deliveries have HIV positive.

Conclusion

Intrauterine insemination in HIV serodiscordant couple appears to be effective and safe method to achieve pregnancy. 
Comparison of Time Lapse Embryo Morphokinetics Monitoring and Conventional Pronuclear Morphology Assessment to Determine Embryo Quality in Endometriosis Patients
Authors: Muharam R.
Published: October 2016

Objective

Endometriosis patients who underwent IVF program has poorer embryo quality, leads to low successive rate. In order to determine embryo quality, time lapse embryo monitoring and pronuclear (PN) morphology assessment were used to predict and select the most promising embryo. This research is expected to exhibit comparison the use of both methods in endometriosis patients in order to implement the most effective evaluation in future embryo implantation prognosis.

Methods

This cohort research was conducted to 72 embryos from 19 endometriosis patients who underwent IVF program in Yasmin Reproductive Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. After ICSI was performed two-nucleated embryo later be monitored by its cleavage time and would be classified into categories for good quality embryo and other classes were considered poor quality embryo for time lapse monitoring. Then from time lapse monitoring, PN morphology were assessed regarding pronuclear scoring.

Results

Based on 72 embryos observation, we found that there was no significant difference between good and poor quality embryo based on PN scoring with p=0.185, and also between time-lapse morphokinetic monitoring and embryo quality with p=0.526. However, we found that there was a weak correlation between PN scoring and embryo quality with p=0.049 and r=0.233.

Conclusion

There was no significant difference found between time lapse monitoring and PN scoring in endometriosis patients in order to determine embryo quality.  However, there was a weak correlation between PN scoring and embryo quality. This might be due to small number of samples taken and visual bias during observation.
The role of varicocele repair in non-obstructive azoospermic men: A systematic review
Authors: Putra Donny Eka
Published: October 2016

The outcomes of varicocele repair in non-obstructive azoospermic men remain the subject of controversy. Until now, small studies with small number of patients performed make it difficult to assess the efficacy of varicocele surgery in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. This review is performed to evaluate quality of the sperm among non-obstructive azoospermic men after varicocele repair. 
Postpartum Contraceptive Use Among HIV Positive Women in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Amelya Merry
Published: October 2016

Background: Prevention of unintended pregnancy among HIV positive women is the second element of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. Contraceptive use in Indonesia remains low, despite the potential contribution of family planning (FP) to the prevention of HIV infection and unintended pregnancy. It is anticipated that this research will update existing knowledge, inform policy makers and programmers to support safer and healthier reproductive options among HIV positive women in the study area.

Methods: The study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia, since January 1st 2013 until December 31st 2014. Of the original cohort of 5499 women delivered in 2013-2014, 65 were HIV positive. The 58 subjects in this study were selected from each group of HIV positive women and HIV negative who had delivery in this hospital either by emergency admission or elective caesarean section.

Results: There were a total of 5449 deliveries, during the study period, out of which 65 were HIV positive women (1,2%). From 58 randomly selected patients, the mean age of HIV positive mothers was 27,74 ± 4,73 years. Their parity ranged from zero to five. With significantly uses of long acting contraception as IUD and sterilization on HIV-positive women as well as booked cased patients.
Conclusions: The high rates of unintended pregnancies in the sample of HIV positive women suggest that the WHO’s strategy of preventing unintended pregnancies amongst HIV positive women to minimise vertical transmission of HIV must be reinforced. Long acting and permanent methods could fill an important gap in family planning services in Indonesia given women’s stated fertility preferences indicating a strong desire to either not have a future pregnancy or to wait several years before the birth of their next child.
Investigating Customer Feedback Channels in the Hotel Industry: the Case of Ho – Ghana
Authors: Mavis Dah Helen , Dumenya Arnold
Published: October 2016

Knowing what delight customers and satisfying them is highly critical for success in today’s competitive business environment. In order to satisfy customers and to meet their expectations, hotels must be able to understand customers’ needs and wants. Customer feedback provides invaluable information for organizations to re-orient their products and services. This study explores customer feedback channels that are used by hotels in Ho, Ghana and examines customers’ perceptions on the effectiveness of the feedback channels. Also, customers’ preferred channels were examined. Structured questionnaires were administered to 300 hotel guests at random. Out of the 300 questionnaires distributed, 171 were completed and used in the final analyses. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. The results revealed that suggestion box was mostly used by the hotels and guests perceived this channel as most effective among all other feedback channels. Also, guests preferred to provide feedback on one-on-one contact. The study concludes that developing effective customer feedback channels would motivate gueststo tell the hotel management about their satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the hotel services and products. Guest contact staff should be well trained in handling customer feedback and to possess good communication skills.
Como a fotografia contemporânea pensa a memória?
Authors: Jung Ana Emília
Published: October 2016

Se a imagem pensa e pensa em seus próprios termos, como afirma Didi-Huberman, como podemos compreender o estatuto da fotografia contemporânea sobre a memória? Se Freud afirma que o objeto está para sempre perdido, qual seria de fato o referente fotográfico na sociedade contemporânea? A partir da análise de práticas artísticas recentes que utilizam e pensam a fotografia, iremos apontar neste artigo como a noção de memória é re-formada desde sua estaticidade para configurar novos conjuntos de possibilidades de tempos e espaços.
Poesia modernista: gestos de ar e de pedra
Authors: Scramim Susana
Published: October 2016

Propõe-se uma discussão sobre que tipo de análise podemos empreender com o Guia de Ouro Preto (1938) e com o poema “Ouro Preto” (1940), ambos de Manuel Bandeira. A relação com o visual tanto do guia quanto do poema está marcada por um ponto de vista modernista frente à cidade colonial. As imagens ali figuradas não estão pensadas numa relação de ausência-presença, mas sim na possibilidade de fixarem-se como pedra monumental, como memória. A análise aqui empenhada propõe-se a interrogar sobre a respiração do tempo nas imagens das obras e também se propõe a descobrir as afinidades paradoxais entre o ar e a pedra, isto é, entre a atmosfera e a matéria daquela arte dita colonial, afinidades essas que reencenam as relações entre a dança e a sepultura do modernismo com a arte colonial, portanto, barroca.
A fotografia e o livro como lugares para a ação: projeto espaços
Authors: Sousa Márcia Regina Pereira de
Published: October 2016

Neste ensaio reflito acerca de meu projeto artístico espaços, partindo da noção de fotografia performada apresentada por Philip Auslander, na qual o espaço do documento fotográfico torna-se o lugar primário para o acontecimento da ação poética. O conceito de entrelaçamento proposto pelo filósofo Maurice Merleau-Ponty foi também importante referência no desenvolvimento desse projeto, no qual procurei investigar de forma poética a relação entre o meu corpo e as coisas visíveis/tangíveis na paisagem. Em minha proposição, a sequencialidade espaçotemporal própria da forma livro é sobreposta à lógica de corte temporal e espacial do ato fotográfico, na produção da série de livros de artista também denominada espaços.
A MORTE CHEGA PARA TODOS: O RECRUDESCIMENTO DO CAPITALISMO NO FIM DO SÉCULO XX
Authors: Ponte Charles Albuquerque , Andrade Maria Bevenuta Sales de
Published: October 2016

O objetivo desse trabalho é o de discutir a modificação discursiva do início da década de 1990, após a queda do bloco comunista e o surgimento de apologias à vitória do capitalismo, a partir da transformação ocorrida nas formas de representação dos monstros fílmicos. Para isso, apresenta-se, primeiramente, o discurso apologético ao capitalismo de Francis Fukuyama (1992), com a finalidade de se cotejar a maneira como o monstro Jason Vorhees, da série Sexta-feira 13 (1981; 1982; 1984), e da Morte em Premonição (2000), são elaborados, afetando também as reações de suas vítimas. A constatação principal do texto é que, ao final da análise, a ubiquidade, naturalidade e inevitabilidade do assassino da década de 1990 apresentam-se em consonância com a vitória do capital professada por Fukuyama, assinalando um derrotismo exacerbado.
GÊNERO EPISTOLAR E DESDOBRAMENTO NARRATIVO EM “PONTO DE VISTA”, DE MACHADO DE ASSIS
Authors: Pereira Cilene Margarete
Published: October 2016

Dos quase cem contos que Machado de Assis escreveu no que se considera sua fase de aprendizagem – a maioria no Jornal das famílias entre 1864 e 1878 –, apenas dois são moldados a partir da voz feminina, “Confissões de uma viúva moça”, publicado em livro na primeira coletânea organizada pelo autor, Contos Fluminenses (1870), e “Ponto de vista”, presente em Histórias da meia noite (1873). Além de marcar o uso de narradores femininos – algo que não se repetirá na ficção machadiana posterior –, ambos os contos são apresentados por meio de cartas que as narradoras destinam a uma amiga íntima. Este artigo propõe analisar a segunda destas narrativas, observando o modo de organização das cartas e a constituição de suas narradoras.
ROMULANOS E KLINGONS EM STAR TREK: ANTAGONISTAS DA GUERRA FRIA OU FUTUROS INTEGRANTES DA ORDEM PACÍFICA?
Authors: Juliano Dilma Beatriz Rocha , Houllou Jean Raphael Zimmermann
Published: October 2016

O artigo propõe o estudo de Star Trek: a série original, em específico, em que aparecem, na relação entre a Enterprise e seus inimigos, os Romulanos e os Klingons, na primeira temporada. O seriado sugere a defesa de valores e um modo de operar a política que se coadunam com o funcionamento da “ordem imperial” que surgia no seu contexto de produção, a Guerra Fria. Além disso, também é possível constatar na ficção a presença de desejos da “multidão”, já que a ordem imperial pode ser parcialmente entendida como uma reposta aos seus anseios transformadores. As concepções de “Império” e “Multidão” apoiam-se no pensamento de Antonio Negri e Michael Hardt.
JÁ VISTO JAMAIS VISTO: UM FILME DE FILMES OU O DEVIR MEMÓRIA
Authors: Veiga Roberta
Published: October 2016

Esse ensaio busca refletir sobre o modo como a escrita de si de Andrea Tonacci no filme Já visto jamais visto (2013) retira sua potência do trabalho de invenção da memória. A ideia é de que Tonacci é menos personagem de uma narrativa pessoal do que o próprio cineasta que, ao colocar seu gesto em perspectiva, e (re)ver quarenta anos de trabalho, lembranças guardadas e esquecidas em milhares de rolos de filmes, habita um espaço entre-imagens e sujeitos, no qual o cinema opera relações temporais e reencontra uma dimensão porosa e lacunar, onírica e mnemônica. É justamente porque a memória se constitui mesmo no processo de feitura do filme, e não como algo fora que precisa se resgatar ou se conservar como um patrimônio subjetivo, que ela não se coloca como um dever biográfico e histórico, mas como um devir, um devir cinema.
Cinema and audience: complicit partners in creating cultural meanings
Authors: Gottschalk Marion
Published: October 2016

Through the analysis of a selection of texts, which explore the relation between films and audience, this essay strives to demonstrate that cultural meanings in film can be built and determined through the participation of the audience. This essay will also show how such participation reveals the diverse ways through which film can perform as a potential source for facilitating, or even preventing the cultural understanding among differing social groups.
O imaginário mítico e o tecnológico em Macunaíma, de Mário de Andrade
Authors: Almeida Alexandra Vieira de
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo se propõe a fazer uma relação entre o imaginário mítico e o tecnológico na obra Macunaíma, de Mário de Andrade. Ultrapassando as fronteiras da divisão binária entre orgânico e inorgânico percebe-se como os aspectos do mito e da tecnologia se mesclam, sendo que Macunaíma, por exemplo, se encanta com objetos vindos do exterior e o gigante capitalista Piaimã, na verdade, é um ogro, reportando-nos para o imaginário mítico.
Crítica de cinema: história e influência sobre o leitor
Authors: Gomes Regina
Published: October 2016

Este texto pretende refletir sobre a crítica enquanto prática discursiva no cinema, destacando sua função persuasiva nos leitores. Inicialmente, caminharemos por trilha histórica a fim de compor o horizonte temporal desta narrativa discursiva. Depois, abordaremos a temática da influência que o discurso da crítica comum de cinema exerce sobre seus leitores. Esta influência, na forma de um condicionamento interpretativo, reside em diversos fatores desde os juízos implícitos contidos nesses discursos até nos mecanismos retórico-persuasivos de que a crítica dispõe para conseguir a adesão dos leitores.
Imagem, mito e narrativa: prolegômenos sobre o duplo
Authors: Santos Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2016

O ensaio correlaciona a imagem ao mito e à narrativa para, através da leitura do mito de Narciso tal como aparece nas Metamorfoses de Ovídio, pensar a questão do duplo para além da representação. A partir do sentido de imagem como "representação fiel", por um lado, e como "falsificação", por outro, procura-se problematizar a relação entre os dois elementos ("cópia" e "original") para lançá-los na disseminação do múltiplo com Nietzsche, Deleuze e Derrida.
Abaixo o dedo de deus e os números redondos: performance surrealista e escritura do presente
Authors: Bittencourt Rita Lenira de Freitas
Published: October 2016

O francês Antonin Artaud, poeta, ator, roteirista e diretor de teatro, segundo o escritor espanhol Enrique Vila-Matas, completaria 99 anos em 4 de dezembro de 1995, sendo o primeiro "resgatado", em artigo, na coluna dominical do Diário 16, de Madri. Compõe, com outros 51 textos-nomes, num pretenso avesso das homenagens, um mosaico de referências que é posteriormente transformado em livro: Para acabar con los números redondos, 1997. Na proposta jornalística inicial, de subverter datas e cânones, o que se destaca em Vila-Matas é o gesto performático e anacrônico de evocar uma potência política a partir de suporte alternativo e de cruzamentos an-estéticos com o surrealismo, permitindo ler a poética do presente em suas múltiplas relações disjuntivas.
A expressão católica na Literatura Francesa e Brasileira do início do século XX
Authors: Porto Cristina Francisca de Carvalho
Published: October 2016

Breve discussão sobre a formação do grupo de escritores católicos na França e no Brasil, na década de 20 e 30. Esta discussão tem como principais tópicos: elencar alguns temas recorrentes na narrativa destes escritores; e, detectar algumas afinidades que vinculam estes romancistas, atentando sempre para a expressão religiosa de seus textos. Espera-se que tais reflexões permitam-nos compreender o surgimento de textos tão próximos em diferentes culturas.
El canto de lo material. Sobre El arte de narrar
Authors: Monteleone Jorge
Published: October 2016

Juan José Saer publicó un único libro de poemas de nombre paradójico: El arte de narrar. Este trabajo analiza las razones estéticas que sustentan ese título en varios aspectos: la fusión de generos literarios, habitual en la obra de Saer; el tema de la narración como un modo de otorgar sentido a lo real en la forma estética –el canto de lo material–, la sustitución del yo poético por el retrato del escritor y la persistencia de la voz lírica.
Violent transfusions: strategies of and against immunity in contemporary Brazilian cinema
Authors: Lira Ramayana
Published: October 2016

Violence, in films, is often generated by an ‘immunizing’ logic, which according to Roberto Esposito, is typical of contemporary societies. Esposito says that the immunizing logic can be seen in State institution, laws, territorial organization or ethnic communities identified by a common element (language, religion, culture). These groups tend to shut out, immunizing against the ‘outside’ world. The films respond to the violent exclusion with a ‘violent image’ (not an ‘image of violence’, an image that presents itself as a correction of the world), a kind of violence that is a refusal of excluding violence. This ‘violent image’ is a line of flight that traverses many segments ‘immunized’ against what is ‘strange’ and ‘foreigner’, reestablishing the transit. This article questions how cinematographic discourse creates violent situations where spectators are challenged to face their own auto-immunization and called toreestablish the flux of violent images which are, above all, irradiation, explosion, contamination.
Trabalho e memória em A última noite, de Robert Altman
Authors: Soares Marcos César de Paula
Published: October 2016

Este ensaio discute o último filme do cineasta Robert Altman (A última noite, 2006) com o objetivo de pensar sobre os modos como o filme reflete a respeito dos modos de trabalho contemporâneos e sobre o papel da memória histórica como resistência aos assaltos que o indústria cultura tem realizado contra o conjunto de seus trabalhadores.