bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OL‐DEC‐MDP Model for Multiagent Online Scheduling with a Time‐Dependent Probability of Success
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Luo Jiangfeng , Zhang Weiming , Liu Zhong
Published: July 2014

Focusing on the on‐line multiagent scheduling problem, this paper considers the time‐dependent probability of success and processing duration and proposes an OL‐DEC‐MDP (opportunity loss‐decentralized Markov Decision Processes) model to include opportunity loss into scheduling decision to improve overall performance. The success probability of job processing as well as the process duration is dependent on the time at which the processing is started. The probability of completing the assigned job by an agent would be higher when the process is started earlier, but the opportunity loss could also be high due to the longer engaging duration. As a result, OL‐DEC‐MDP model introduces a reward function considering the opportunity loss, which is estimated based on the prediction of the upcoming jobs by a sampling method on the job arrival. Heuristic strategies are introduced in computing the best starting time for an incoming job by each agent, and an incoming job will always be scheduled to the agent with the highest reward among all agents with their best starting policies. The simulation experiments show that the OL‐DEC‐MDP model will improve the overall scheduling performance compared with models not considering opportunity loss in heavy‐loading environment.
Bilateral Upper Extremity DVT in a 43-Year-Old Man: Is It Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?!
Authors: Jabri Hadoun , Mukherjee Sarbajit , Sanghavi Devang , Chalise Shyam
Published: July 2014

Recurrent deep venous thrombosis, involving bilateral upper extremities, is an extremely rare phenomenon. We are presenting a 43-year-old man who was diagnosed with left upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) and was treated with anticoagulation and surgical decompression in 2004. 9 years later, he presented with right arm swelling and was diagnosed with right UEDVT using US venous Doppler. Venogram showed compression of the subclavian vein by the first rib, diagnosing thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). He was treated with anticoagulation and local venolysis and later by surgical decompression of the subclavian vein. Bilateral UEDVT, as mentioned above, is an extremely rare condition that is uncommonly caused by TOS. To our knowledge, we are reporting the first case of bilateral UEDVT due to TOS. Diagnosis usually starts with US venous Doppler to detect the thrombosis, followed by the gold standard venogram to locate the area of obstruction and lyse the thrombus if needed. The ultimate treatment for TOS remains surgical decompression of the vascular bundle at the thoracic outlet.
Estimation of Unknown Functions of Iterative Difference Inequalities and Their Applications
Authors: Luo Ricai , Wang Wu-Sheng , Xu Honglei
Published: July 2014

We establish some new nonlinear retarded finite difference inequalities. The results that we propose here can be used as tools in the theory of certain new classes of finite difference equations in various difference situations. We also give applications of the inequalities to show the usefulness of our results.
Grey Accumulation Generation Relational Analysis Model for Nonequidistance Unequal‐Length Sequences and Its Application
Authors: Li Xuemei , Dang Yaoguo , Ding Song , Zhang Juan
Published: July 2014

As research is required on nonequidistance unequal‐length sequences, so grey accumulation generation relational analysis model based on grey exponential law (AGRA) for nonequidistance unequal‐length (NDUL) sequences is put forward in this paper. The original data is accumulated generation firstly and the generation sequences are simulated. Then the generation rate is established as the ratio of the tangent slope and the mean of the simulation function. Furthermore, the dynamic similarity of change trend of the original time sequences is characterized by the proximity of generation rate sequences. Meanwhile, properties of AGRA model for nonequidistance unequal‐length sequences are discussed. The new relational analysis model is available for equal interval sequences, nonequidistance sequences, sequences which have relationship before transformation and sequences which have relationship after accumulation; therefore, the AGRA model has expanded the scope of application of grey relational analysis. Lastly, factors which affect the amount of passenger cars in China are sorted using AGRA model for NDUL sequences. This application is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed model.
Effects of Salt-Drought Stress on Growth and Physiobiochemical Characteristics ofTamarix chinensisSeedlings
Authors: Liu Junhua , Xia Jiangbao , Fang Yanming , Li Tian , Liu Jingtao
Published: July 2014

The present study was designed to clarify the effects of salinity and water intercross stresses on the growth and physiobiochemical characteristics ofTamarix chinensisseedlings by pots culture under the artificial simulated conditions. The growth, activities of SOD, POD, and contents of MDA and osmotic adjusting substances of three years old seedlings ofT. chinensiswere studied under different salt-drought intercross stress. Results showed that the influence of salt stress on growth was greater than drought stress, the oxidation resistance of SOD and POD weakened gradually with salt and drought stresses intensified, and the content of MDA was higher under severe drought and mild and moderate salt stresses. The proline contents increased with the stress intensified but only significantly higher than control under the intercross stresses of severe salt-severe drought. It implied thatT. chinensiscould improve its stress resistance by adjusted self-growth and physiobiochemical characteristics, and the intercross compatibility ofT. chinensisto salt and drought stresses can enhance the salt resistance under appropriate drought stress, but the dominant factors influencing the physiological biochemical characteristics ofT. chinensiswere various with the changing of salt-drought intercross stresses gradients.
Structural and Optical Investigations of Heterostructures Based on AlxGa1-xAsyP1-y:Si Solid Solutions Obtained by MOCVD
Authors: Seredin P. V.
Published: July 2014

We investigated MOCVD epitaxial heterostructures based on AlxGa1−xAs ternary solid solutions, obtained in the range of compositions x~0.20–0.50 and doped with high concentrations of phosphorus and silicon atoms. Using the methods of high-resolution X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy we have shown that grown epitaxial films represent five-component (AlxGa1−xAs1−yPy)1−zSiz solid solutions. The implementation of silicon in solid solution with a concentration of ~ 0.01 at.% leads to the formation of the structure with deep levels, DX centers, the occurrence of which fundamentally affects the energy characteristics of received materials.
Effect of Estragole on Leukocyte Behavior and Phagocytic Activity of Macrophages
Authors: Silva-Comar Francielli Maria de Souza , Wiirzler Luiz Alexandre Marques , Silva-Filho Saulo Euclides , Kummer Raquel , Pedroso Raissa Bocchi , Spironello Ricardo Alexandre , Silva Expedito Leite , Bersani-Amado Ciomar Aparecida , Cuman Roberto Kenji Nakamura
Published: July 2014

Estragole, a chemical constituent of the essential oils of many aromatic plants, is used as flavoring in beverage and food industries. In vivo and in vitro experimental assays have shown that EST has sedative, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anesthetic activity. In this work, we evaluate the effect of EST on leukocyte behavior and phagocytic activity of macrophages. In the peritonitis model, EST (500 and 750 mg/kg) decreased the infiltration of peritoneal exudate leukocytes. In vitro chemotaxis assay showed that EST (3, 10, 30, and 60 μg/mL) inhibited neutrophil migration toward fMLP. In the in vivo microcirculation assay, EST at doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes and at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg decreased number of leukocyte migrated to perivascular tissue. The results showed that EST (3, 10, and 30 μg/mL) was able to stimulate the macrophages phagocytosis but only at concentration of 10 μg/mL promoted an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. In conclusion, this study showed that EST had potential anti‐inflammatory effects, likely by inhibiting leukocyte migration and by stimulating macrophages phagocytosis.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Is a Therapeutic Target for Immunological Unbalance and Cardiac Abnormalities in Chronic Experimental Chagas’ Heart Disease
Authors: Pereira Isabela Resende , Vilar-Pereira Glaucia , Silva Andrea Alice , Moreira Otacilio Cruz , Britto Constança , Sarmento Ellen Diana Marinho , Lannes-Vieira Joseli
Published: July 2014

Background. Chagas disease (CD) is characterized by parasite persistence and immunological unbalance favoring systemic inflammatory profile. Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy, the main manifestation of CD, occurs in a TNF-enriched milieu and frequently progresses to heart failure.Aim of the Study. To challenge the hypothesis that TNF plays a key role inTrypanosoma cruzi-induced immune deregulation and cardiac abnormalities, we tested the effect of the anti-TNF antibody Infliximab in chronicallyT. cruzi-infected C57BL/6 mice, a model with immunological, electrical, and histopathological abnormalities resembling Chagas’ heart disease.Results. Infliximab therapy did not reactivate parasite but reshaped the immune response as reduced TNF mRNA expression in the cardiac tissue and plasma TNF and IFNγlevels; diminished the frequency of IL-17A+but increased IL-10+CD4+T-cells; reduced TNF+but augmented IL-10+Ly6C+and F4/80+cells. Further, anti-TNF therapy decreased cytotoxic activity but preserved IFNγ-producing VNHRFTLV-specific CD8+T-cells in spleen and reduced the number of perforin+cells infiltrating the myocardium. Importantly, Infliximab reduced the frequency of mice afflicted by arrhythmias and second degree atrioventricular blocks and decreased fibronectin deposition in the cardiac tissue.Conclusions. Our data support that TNF is a crucial player in the pathogenesis of Chagas’ heart disease fueling immunological unbalance which contributes to cardiac abnormalities.
Modified Titanium Implant as a Gateway to the Human Body: The Implant Mediated Drug Delivery System
Authors: Park Young-Seok , Cho Joo-Youn , Lee Shin-Jae , Hwang Chee Il
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a proposed new implant mediated drug delivery system (IMDDS) in rabbits. The drug delivery system is applied through a modified titanium implant that is configured to be implanted into bone. The implant is hollow and has multiple microholes that can continuously deliver therapeutic agents into the systematic body. To examine the efficacy and feasibility of the IMDDS, we investigated the pharmacokinetic behavior of dexamethasone in plasma after a single dose was delivered via the modified implant placed in the rabbit tibia. After measuring the plasma concentration, the areas under the curve showed that the IMDDS provided a sustained release for a relatively long period. The result suggests that the IMDDS can deliver a sustained release of certain drug components with a high bioavailability. Accordingly, the IMDDS may provide the basis for a novel approach to treating patients with chronic diseases.
Zeros of Analytic Continuedq-Euler Polynomials andq-Euler Zeta Function
Authors: Ryoo C. S.
Published: July 2014

We study that theq-Euler numbersEn,qandq-Euler polynomialsEn,q(x)are analytic continued toEq(s)andEq(s,w). We investigate the new concept of dynamics of the zeros of analytic continued polynomials. Finally, we observe an interesting phenomenon of ‘‘scattering’’ of the zeros ofEq(s,w).
Extended Finite Element Method for Predicting Productivity of Multifractured Horizontal Wells
Authors: Jiang Youshi , Zhao Jinzhou , Li Yongming , Jia Hu , Zhang Liehui
Published: July 2014

Based on the theory of the extended finite element method (XFEM), which was first proposed by Moës for dealing with the problem characterized by discontinuities, an extended finite element model for predicting productivity of multifractured horizontal well has been established. The model couples four main porous flow regimes, including fluid flow in the away‐from‐wellbore region of reservoir matrix, radial flow in the near‐wellbore region of reservoir matrix, linear flow in the away‐from‐wellbore region of fracture, and radial flow in the near‐wellbore region of fracture by considering mass transfer between fracture and matrix. The method to introduce the interior well boundary condition into the XFEM is proposed, and therefore the model can be highly adaptable to the complex and asymmetrical physical conditions. Case studies indicate that this kind of multiflow problems can be solved with high accuracy by the use of the XFEM.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Transition Metal Complexes of Bidentate N, O Donor Schiff Bases
Authors: Sumrra Sajjad Hussain , Ibrahim Muhammad , Ambreen Sabahat , Imran Muhammad , Danish Muhammad , Rehmani Fouzia Sultana
Published: July 2014

New series of three bidentate N, O donor type Schiff bases(L1)–(L3)were prepared by using ethylene-1,2-diamine with 5-methyl furfural, 2-anisaldehyde, and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde in an equimolar ratio. These ligands were further complexed with Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) metals to produce their new metal complexes having an octahedral geometry. These compounds were characterized on the basis of their physical, spectral, and analytical data. Elemental analysis and spectral data of the uncomplexed ligands and their metal(II) complexes were found to be in good agreement with their structures, indicating high purity of all the compounds. All ligands and their metal complexes were screened for antimicrobial activity. The results of antimicrobial activity indicated that metal complexes have significantly higher activity than corresponding ligands. This higher activity might be due to chelation process which reduces the polarity of metal ion by coordinating with ligands.
Subanesthetic Isoflurane Reduces Zymosan-Induced Inflammation in Murine Kupffer Cells by Inhibiting ROS-Activated p38 MAPK/NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Lei , Li Nan-lin , Li Jun-tang , Yu Feng , Zhao Ya-li , Wang Ling , Yi Jun , Wang Ling , Bian Jie-fang , Chen Jiang-hao , Yuan Shi-fang , Wang Ting , Lv Yong-gang , Liu Ning-ning , Zhu Xiao-shan , Ling Rui , Yun Jun
Published: July 2014

Volatile anesthetic isoflurane (ISO) has immunomodulatory effects. The fungal component zymosan (ZY) induces inflammation through toll-like receptor 2 or dectin-1 signaling. We investigated the molecular actions of subanesthetic (0.7%) ISO against ZY-induced inflammatory activation in murine Kupffer cells (KCs), which are known as the resident macrophages within the liver. We observed that ISO reduced ZY-induced cyclooxygenase 2 upregulation and prostaglandin E2release, as determined by western blot and radioimmunoassay, respectively. ISO also reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, IL-6, high-mobility group box-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. ISO blocked the ZY-induced nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor- (NF)-κB p65. Moreover, ISO attenuated ZY-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation partly by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS); the interregulation that ROS activated p38 MAPK followed by NF-κB activation was crucial for the ZY-induced inflammatory responses in KCs. Anin vivostudy by peritoneal injection of ZY into BALB/C mice confirmed the anti-inflammatory properties of 0.7% ISO against ZY in KCs. These results suggest that ISO ameliorates ZY-induced inflammatory responses in murine KCs by inhibiting the interconnected ROS/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Physicochemical Characterization of Thermally Treated Chitosans and Chitosans Obtained by Alkaline Deacetylation
Authors: de Oliveira Ana Maria , Franco Telma Teixeira , Oliveira Junior Enio Nazaré de
Published: July 2014

The thermal depolymerization of chitosan and alkaline deacetylation of chitin were characterized by measurement of viscosity, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), potentiometric titration (PT), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H1NMR). The depolymerization rates (DR) measured by kinematic viscosity (KV), apparent viscosity (AV), and GPC (Mw) until 4 h of treatment wereDRKV=21.9,DRAV=25.5, andDRMw=23.3% h-1and for 5 to 10 h of treatment they decreased slowly to produce ofDRKV=0.545,DRAV=0.248, andDRMw=1.11% h-1. The mole fraction of N-acetylglucosamine residuesFAof chitosans was not modified after 10 h of thermal treatment at 100°C. The initialFAvalues of chitosan without any treatment wereFAPT=0.21andFAHNMR1=0.22and of chitosan treated for 10 h wereFAPT=0.27andFAHNMR1=0.22. The variables used to characterize the depolymerization process showed a good correlation. Six hours of thermal treatment as sufficient to obtain chitosans with a molar mass 90% smaller than that of the control chitosan without treatment.
Conservation and Variability of Synaptonemal Complex Proteins in Phylogenesis of Eukaryotes
Authors: Grishaeva Tatiana M. , Bogdanov Yuri F.
Published: July 2014

The problems of the origin and evolution of meiosis include the enigmatic variability of the synaptonemal complexes (SCs) which, being morphology similar, consist of different proteins in different eukaryotic phyla. Using bioinformatics methods, we monitored all available eukaryotic proteomes to find proteins similar to known SC proteins of model organisms. We found proteins similar to SC lateral element (LE) proteins and possessing the HORMA domain in the majority of the eukaryotic taxa and assume them the most ancient among all SC proteins. Vertebrate LE proteins SYCP2, SYCP3, and SC65 proved to have related proteins in many invertebrate taxa. Proteins of SC central space are most evolutionarily variable. It means that different protein-protein interactions can exist to connect LEs. Proteins similar to the known SC proteins were not found in Euglenophyta, Chrysophyta, Charophyta, Xanthophyta, Dinoflagellata, and primitive Coelomata. We conclude that different proteins whose common feature is the presence of domains with a certain conformation are involved in the formation of the SC in different eukaryotic phyla. This permits a targeted search for orthologs of the SC proteins using phylogenetic trees. Here we consider example of phylogenetic trees for protozoans, fungi, algae, mosses, and flowering plants.
Comparison of Measured Residual Stress Distributions in Extra-Thick Butt Welds Joined by One-Pass EGW and Multipass FCAW
Authors: Park Jeong-Ung , An GyuBaek , Woo Wan Chuck , Choi Jae-hyouk , Ma Ninshu
Published: July 2014

This study is to measure the welding residual stress distributions in a 70 mm-thick butt weld by one-pass electron gas welding using both the inherent strain method and neutron diffraction method, respectively. Based on the measurement results, the characteristics of residual stress distribution through thickness were compared between one-pass electron gas welding and multipass flux-cored arc welding. Residual stresses in the specimens of electron gas welding measured by the inherent strain method and neutron diffraction method were well matched. The longitudinal residual stress in the multi-pass flux-cored arc welding is tensile through all thicknesses in the welding fusion zone. Meanwhile, longitudinal residual stress in electron gas welding is tensile on both surfaces and compressive at the inside of the plate. The magnitude of residual stresses due to electron gas welding is lower than that due to flux-cored arc welding.
Engaging Brazilian Street Children in Play: Observations of Their Family Narratives
Authors: Castrechini Fernandes Franieck Maria Leticia , Günter Michael , Page Timothy
Published: July 2014

Story stem assessments allow children to create narratives in response to brief portrayals of family-based relational challenges. These methods can provide insights into children’s perceptions of close relationships, which is particularly useful for vulnerable children. We conducted a feasibility study of story stem assessments with school-age street children—a previously unstudied population—to explore whether they would understand family-based story scenarios similarly to children in more stable families. Comparisons to children in low income and middle-class conditions were made on the basis of performance characteristics and “narrative coherence.” Street children demonstrated capacities to elaborate family narratives nearly as proficiently as children in the other groups, yet they also displayed unique vulnerabilities. Implications for research with this population are discussed.
Screening of Cognitive Function and Hearing Impairment in Older Adults: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wong Lena Lar Nar , Yu Joannie Ka Yin , Chan Shaina Shing , Tong Michael Chi Fai
Published: July 2014

Background. Previous research has found that hearing loss is associated with poorer cognitive function. The question is that when a hearing impairment is being compensated for by appropriately fitted monaural hearing aids, special precautions are still needed when screening cognitive function in older adults.Objective. This research examined cognitive function in elderly hearing aid users who used monaural hearing aids and whether the presence of a hearing impairment should be accounted for when screening cognitive function in these individuals.Methods. Auditory thresholds, sentence reception thresholds, and self-reported outcomes with hearing aids were measured in 34 older hearing aid users to ensure hearing aids were appropriately fitted. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) results obtained in these participants were then compared to normative data obtained in a general older population exhibiting similar demographic characteristics. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to examine the effects of demographic and auditory variables on MMSE scores.Conclusions. Results showed that, even with appropriately fitted hearing aids, cognitive decline was significant. Besides the factors commonly measured in the literature, we believed that auditory deprivation was not being fully compensated for by hearing aids. Most importantly, screening of cognitive function should take into account the effects of hearing impairment, even when hearing devices have been appropriately fitted.
Extent of Anaemia among Preschool Children in EAG States, India: A Challenge to Policy Makers
Authors: Singh Rakesh Kumar , Patra Shraboni
Published: July 2014

Background.India is the highest contributor to child anemia. About 89 million children in India are anemic. The study determines the factors that contributed to child anemia and examines the role of the existing programs in reducing the prevalence of child anemia particularly in the EAG states.Methods.The data from the latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) is used. Simple bivariate and multinomial logistics regression analyses are used.Results.About 70% children are anemic in all the EAG states. The prevalence of severe anemia is the highest (6.7%) in Rajasthan followed by Uttar Pradesh (3.6%) and Madhya Pradesh (3.4%). Children aged 12 to 17 months are significantly seven times (RR=7.99,P<0.001) more likely to be severely anemic compared to children of 36 to 59 months. Children of severely anemic mothers are also found to be more severely anemic (RR=15.97,P<0.001) than the children of not anemic mothers.Conclusions.The study reveals that the existing government program fails to control anemia among preschool children in the backward states of India. Therefore, there is an urgent need for monitoring of program in regular interval, particularly for EAG states to reduce the prevalence of anemia among preschool children.
Fixed Point Results forα-ψ-Contractive Mappings Including Almost Contractions and Applications
Authors: Durmaz Gonca , Mınak Gülhan , Altun Ishak
Published: July 2014

In the recent paper (B. Samet, C. Vetro, and P. Vetro, Fixed point theorems forα-ψ-contractive type mappings, Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods and Applications, 75 (2012), 2154-2165.), the authors introduced the concept ofα-admissible maps on metric spaces. Using this new concept, they presented some nice fixed point results. Also, they gave an existence theorem for integral equation to show the usability of their result. Then, many authors focused on this new concept and obtained a lot of fixed point results, which are used for existence theorems. In this paper, we not only extend some of the recent results about this direction but also generalize them. Then, we give some examples to show our results are proper extensions. Furthermore, we use our results to obtain the existence and uniqueness result for a solution of fourth order two-point boundary value problem.
Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone: An Emerging Anti-Inflammatory Antimicrobial Peptide
Authors: Singh Madhuri , Mukhopadhyay Kasturi
Published: July 2014

The alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a neuropeptide belonging to the melanocortin family. It is well known for its anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects and shares several characteristics with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). There have been some recent reports about the direct antimicrobial activity ofα-MSH against various microbes belonging to both fungal and bacterial pathogens. Similar toα-MSH’s anti-inflammatory properties, its C-terminal residues also exhibit antimicrobial activity parallel to that of the entire peptide. This review is focused on the current findings regarding the direct antimicrobial potential and immunomodulatory mechanism ofα-MSH and its C-terminal fragments, with particular emphasis on the prospects ofα-MSH based peptides as a strong anti-infective agent.
Purine-Metabolizing Ectoenzymes Control IL-8 Production in Human Colon HT-29 Cells
Authors: Bahrami Fariborz , Kukulski Filip , Lecka Joanna , Tremblay Alain , Pelletier Julie , Rockenbach Liliana , Sévigny Jean
Published: July 2014

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) plays key roles in both chronic inflammatory diseases and tumor modulation. We previously observed that IL-8 secretion and function can be modulated by nucleotide (P2) receptors. Here we investigated whether IL-8 release by intestinal epithelial HT-29 cells, a cancer cell line, is modulated by extracellular nucleotide metabolism. We first identified that HT-29 cells regulated adenosine and adenine nucleotide concentration at their surface by the expression of the ectoenzymes NTPDase2, ecto-5′-nucleotidase, and adenylate kinase. The expression of the ectoenzymes was evaluated by RT-PCR, qPCR, and immunoblotting, and their activity was analyzed by RP-HPLC of the products and by detection ofPiproduced from the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP, and AMP. In response to poly (I:C), with or without ATP and/or ADP, HT-29 cells released IL-8 and this secretion was modulated by the presence of NTPDase2 and adenylate kinase. Taken together, these results demonstrate the presence of 3 ectoenzymes at the surface of HT-29 cells that control nucleotide levels and adenosine production (NTPDase2, ecto-5′-nucleotidase and adenylate kinase) and that P2 receptor-mediated signaling controls IL-8 release in HT-29 cells which is modulated by the presence of NTPDase2 and adenylate kinase.
A Case of Conservatively Managed Invasive Ceruminoma and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Saunders T. F. C. , Monksfield P.
Published: July 2014

Ceruminomas are rare tumours arising from the apocrine sweat glands of the ear canal. We present a case of a malignant ceruminoma, which was managed with local surgical excision only rather than the wider clearance more commonly undertaken with these invasive neoplasms. We present the clinical case, histological analysis, and clinical progression for this patient and review the literature on this uncommon pathology.
Optimizing the Joint Replenishment and Delivery Scheduling Problem under Fuzzy Environment Using Inverse Weight Fuzzy Nonlinear Programming Method
Authors: Zeng Yu-Rong , Wang Lin , Xu Xian-Hao , Fu Qing-Liang
Published: July 2014

In reality, decision-makers are always in front of imprecise and vague operational conditions. We propose a practical multiobjective joint replenishment and delivery scheduling (JRD) model with deterministic demand and fuzzy cost. This model minimizes the total cost defuzzified by the signed distance method and maximizes the credibility that the total cost does not exceed the budget level. Then, an inverse weight fuzzy nonlinear programming (IWFNLP) method is adopted to formulate the proposed model. This method embeds the idea of inverse weights into the Max-Min fuzzy model. Thirdly, the fuzzy simulation approach and differential evolution algorithm (DE) are utilized to solve this problem. Results show that solutions derived from the IWFNLP method satisfy the decision-maker’s desirable achievement level of the cost objective and credibility objective. It is an effective decision tool since it can really reflect the relative importance of each fuzzy component. Our study also shows that the improved DE outperforms DE with a faster convergence speed.
Exploring the Innate Immunological Response of an Alternative Nonhuman Primate Model of Infectious Disease; the Common Marmoset
Authors: Nelson M. , Loveday M.
Published: July 2014

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is increasingly being utilised as a nonhuman primate model for human disease, ranging from autoimmune to infectious disease. In order to fully exploit these models, meaningful comparison to the human host response is necessary. Commercially available reagents, primarily targeted to human cells, were utilised to assess the phenotype and activation status of key immune cell types and cytokines in naive and infected animals. Single cell suspensions of blood, spleen, and lung were examined. Generally, the phenotype of cells was comparable between humans and marmosets, with approximately 63% of all lymphocytes in the blood of marmosets being T cells, 25% B-cells, and 12% NK cells. The percentage of neutrophils in marmoset blood were more similar to human values than mouse values. Comparison of the activation status of cells following experimental systemic or inhalational infection exhibited different trends in different tissues, most obvious in cell types active in the innate immune response. This work significantly enhances the ability to understand the immune response in these animals and fortifies their use as models of infectious disease.
MIKE BASIN Based Decision Support Tool for Water Sharing and Irrigation Management in Rangawan Command of India
Authors: Jaiswal R. K. , Ghosh N. C. , Guru Poonam , Devakant
Published: July 2014

In this study, MIKE BASIN has been used as a decision support tool for irrigation management and water sharing of Rangawan reservoir, an interstate project of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh in India. The water sharing and optimum irrigation releases have been analyzed by developing two separate models in decision support tool; the first model computes irrigation demand and offers inputs to the second model, which calculates water supplies and deficits as per the water sharing agreements between the two states. The models have been used to generate twelve different scenarios for evaluation of irrigation demands, water supply, and demand deficit/excess for actual cropping pattern in command of Madhya Pradesh part. Simulated results showed, in average/wet rainfall year with conveyance efficiency of 60% and application efficiency of 70%, the irrigation demand of 11.83 Mm3has been found satisfying without any deficit. By improving efficiencies, conjunctive use, and managing irrigation supplies as recommended from scenarios of DSS application, more areas in the command can be brought under irrigation. The developed models can be used for real time reservoir operation and irrigation planning under variable climatic conditions, conveyance and application efficiencies, consumptive use of surface and groundwater, and probable runoff and cropping pattern.
Asymptotic Stabilization of Continuous‐Time Linear Systems with Input and State Quantizations
Authors: Yun Sung Wook , Kim Sung Hyun , Park Jin Young
Published: July 2014

This paper discusses the asymptotic stabilization problem of linear systems with input and state quantizations. In order to achieve asymptotic stabilization of such systems, we propose a state‐feedback controller comprising two control parts: the main part is used to determine the fundamental characteristics of the system associated with the cost, and the additional part is employed to eliminate the effects of input and state quanizations. In particular, in order to implement the additional part, we introduce a quantizer with a region‐decision making process (RDMP) for a certain linear switching surface. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Research on the Performance of Electric Vehicles in Peak Load Shifting
Authors: Xu Qingshan , Liu Yujun , Ding Maosheng , Zeng Pingliang , Pan Wei
Published: July 2014

Electric vehicles (EVs) are developing remarkably fast these years which makes the technology of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) easier to implement. Peak load shifting (PLS) is an important part of V2G service. A model of EVs’ capacity in V2G service is proposed for the research on PLS in this paper. The capacity is valued in accordance with three types of situations. Based on the model, three different scenarios are suggested in order to evaluate the capacity with MATLAB. The evaluation results indicate that EVs can provide potential energy to participate in PLS. Then, the principle of PLS with EVs is researched through the analysis of the relationship between their power and capacity. The performance of EVs in PLS is also simulated. The comparison of two simulation results shows that EVs can fulfill the request of PLS without intensely lowering their capacity level.
Proposal to Search for a Dark Photon in Positron on Target Collisions at DAΦNE Linac
Authors: Raggi Mauro , Kozhuharov Venelin
Published: July 2014

Photon-like particles are predicted in many extensions of the Standard Model. They have interactions similar to the photon, are vector bosons, and can be produced together with photons. The present paper proposes a search for such particles in thee+e-→Uγprocess in a positron-on-target experiment, exploiting the positron beam of the DAΦNE linac at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN. In one year of running a sensitivity in the relative interaction strength down to ~10−6is achievable, in the mass region from 2.5 MeV<MU<20 MeV. The proposed experimental setup and the analysis technique are discussed.
Long Term Effects of Tear Gases on Respiratory System: Analysis of 93 Cases
Authors: Arbak Peri , Başer İlknur , Kumbasar Özlem Ozdemir , Ülger Füsun , Kılıçaslan Zeki , Evyapan Fatma
Published: July 2014

Aim. This study aimed to assess the long-term respiratory effects of tear gases among the subjects with history of frequent exposure.Materials and Methods. A questionnaire by NIOSH and pulmonary function tests was performed in 93 males exposed to the tear gases frequently and 55 nonexposed subjects.Results. The mean numbers of total exposure and last 2 years exposure were8.4±6.4times,5.6±5.8times, respectively. Tear gas exposed subjects were presented with a higher rate for cough and phlegm more than 3 months (24.7% versus 11.3%,P>0.05). Mean FEV1/FVC and % predicted MMFR in smoker exposed subjects are significantly lower than those in smoker controls (81.7% versus 84.1%,P=0.046and 89.9% versus 109.6%,P=0.0004, resp.). % predicted MMFR in nonsmoker exposed subjects is significantly lower than that in nonsmoker controls (99.4% versus 113.1%,P=0.05). Odds ratios for chest tightness, exercise dyspnea, dyspnea on level ground, winter morning cough, phlegm, and daily phlegm were increased almost 2 to 2.5 folds among tear gas exposed subjects.Conclusion. The rates for respiratory complaints were high in the case of the exposure to the tear gases previously. Tears gas exposed subjects were found to be under the risk for chronic bronchitis.
An Optimized Strategy Coverage Control Algorithm for WSN
Authors: Sun Zeyu , Wu Weiguo , Wang Huanzhao , Chen Heng , Wei Wei
Published: July 2014

The problem of using lesser wireless sensor network nodes to achieve coverage and connection of certain areas under given coverage conditions is a priority and hotspot issue of WSN. For this reason, in this paper, an optimized strategy coverage control (OSCC) algorithm is proposed. First of all, a relation mapping model of sensor nodes and target nodes is established by OSCC which is based on geometric figure and related theories, probability theory, converge property, and so forth to complete effective reasoning and calculate certain network models. Secondly, OSCC makes efficient analysis of the calculating results figure out the least number of sensor nodes to cover specific monitoring area. Thirdly, OSCC picks out the optimal routing solution while conducting combinatorial optimization of routing path using ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, thus reducing the energy spending of whole network. In the end, this paper verifies OSCC algorithm by simulation experiment and proves it can use least sensor nodes to effectively cover target area. Also, OSCC helps greatly reduce network energy consuming, minimize network resources layout costs, and enhance network life cycle, simultaneously.
Effect of Cow Urine on the Growth Characteristics ofFusarium lateritium, an Important Coffee Fungus in Zimbabwe
Authors: Gotora Timothy , Masaka Lawrence , Sungirai Marvelous
Published: July 2014

Anin vitroassay was carried out to establish if cow urine at different concentrations (500 µL/mL, 300 µL/mL, 200 µL/mL, and 100 µL/mL) can be used to control the growth ofF. lateritium, the fungal agent causing Fusarium bark disease in coffee. The growth characteristics selected were conidial germination, germ tube length, mycelial growth rate, and sporulation. Copper oxychloride 50% W.P. was the standard, distilled water was the negative control, and undiluted cow urine was the positive control. The undiluted cow urine was most effective in inhibiting fungal growth with the rest of the cow urine concentrations showing dose dependent efficacy compared to the negative control (P< 0.01). Copper oxychloride had the highest efficacy of all treatments with the exception of the inhibition of mycelial growth where undiluted cow urine had higher efficacy and sporulation where efficacy was comparable to undiluted cow urine. There is potential for the use of cow urine as a means of controlling Fusarium bark disease with other advantages being availability, low cost, and limited environmental damage.
Chiral Recognition by Fluorescence: One Measurement for Two Parameters
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Pu Lin
Published: July 2014

This outlook describes two strategies to simultaneously determine the enantiomeric composition and concentration of a chiral substrate by a single fluorescent measurement. One strategy utilizes a pseudoenantiomeric sensor pair that is composed of a 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol-based amino alcohol and a partially hydrogenated 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol-based amino alcohol. These two molecules have the opposite chiral configuration with fluorescent enhancement at two different emitting wavelengths when treated with the enantiomers of mandelic acid. Using the sum and difference of the fluorescent intensity at the two wavelengths allows simultaneous determination of both concentration and enantiomeric composition of the chiral acid. The other strategy employs a 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol-based trifluoromethyl ketone that exhibits fluorescent enhancement at two emission wavelengths upon interaction with a chiral diamine. One emission responds mostly to the concentration of the chiral diamine and the ratio of the two emissions depends on the chiral configuration of the enantiomer but independent of the concentration, allowing both the concentration and enantiomeric composition of the chiral diamine to be simultaneously determined. These strategies would significantly simplify the practical application of the enantioselective fluorescent sensors in high-throughput chiral assay.
AGE Metabolites: A Biomarker Linked to Cancer Disparity?
Authors: Foster Dion , Spruill Laura , Walter Katherine R. , Nogueira Lourdes M. , Fedarovich Hleb , Turner Ryan Y. , Ahmed Mahtabuddin , Salley Judith D. , Ford Marvella E. , Findlay Victoria J. , Turner David P.
Published: July 2014

Socioeconomic and environmental influences are established factors promoting cancer disparity, but the contribution of biologic factors is not clear. We report a mechanistic link between carbohydrate-derived metabolites and cancer that may provide a biologic consequence of established factors of cancer disparity. Glycation is the nonenzymatic glycosylation of carbohydrates to macromolecules, which produces reactive metabolites called advanced glycation end products (AGE). A sedentary lifestyle and poor diet all promote disease and the AGE accumulation pool in our bodies and also increase cancer risk. We examined AGE metabolites in clinical specimens of African American and European American patients with prostate cancer and found a higher AGE concentration in these specimens among African American patients when compared with European American patients. Elevated AGE levels corresponded with expression of the receptor for AGE (RAGE or AGER). We show that AGE-mediated increases in cancer-associated processes are dependent upon RAGE. Aberrant AGE accumulation may represent a metabolic susceptibility difference that contributes to cancer disparity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2186–91. ©2014 AACR.
Activation of Nrf2 Pathways Correlates with Resistance of NSCLC Cell Lines to CBP501In Vitro
Authors: Mine Naoki , Yamamoto Sayaka , Kufe Donald W. , Von Hoff Daniel D. , Kawabe Takumi
Published: July 2014

CBP501 is an anticancer drug candidate that was investigated in two randomized phase II clinical trials for patients with nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). CBP501 has been shown to have two mechanisms of action, namely calmodulin modulation and G2 checkpoint abrogation. Here, we searched for a biomarker to predict sensitivity to CBP501. Twenty-eight NSCLC cell lines were classified into two subgroups, CBP501-sensitive and -insensitive, by quantitatively analyzing the cis-diamminedichloro-platinum (II) (CDDP)–enhancing activity of CBP501 through treatments with short-term (1 hour) coexposure to CDDP and CBP501 or to either alone. Microarray analysis was performed on these cell lines to identify gene expression patterns that correlated with CBP501 sensitivity. We found that multiple nuclear factor erythroid-2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) target genes showed high expression in CBP501-insensitive cell lines. Western blot and immunocytochemical analysis for Nrf2 in NSCLC cell lines also indicated higher protein level in CBP501-insensitive cell lines. Moreover, CBP501 sensitivity is modulated by silencing or sulforaphane-induced overexpression of Nrf2. These results indicate that Nrf2 transcription factor is a potential candidate as a biomarker for resistance to CBP501. This study might help to identify those subpopulations of patients who would respond well to the CBP501 and CDDP combination treatment of NSCLC. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(9); 2215–25. ©2014 AACR.
Differential Requirement for Src Family Tyrosine Kinases in the Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gelman Irwin H. , Peresie Jennifer , Eng Kevin H. , Foster Barbara A.
Published: July 2014

Prostate cancer (CaP) recurrence after androgen ablation therapy remains a significant cause of mortality in aging men. Malignant progression and metastasis are typically driven by genetic and epigenetic changes controlled by the androgen receptor (AR). However, evidence suggests that activated nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, including those of the Src family kinases (SFK), directly phosphorylate AR, thereby activating its transcriptional activity in the absence of serum androgen levels. To ascertain whether CaP progression and metastasis require SFK members, an autochthonous transgenic adenocarcinoma (AD) of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model was crossed into Src-, Lyn- or Fyn-null backgrounds. Primary-site CaP formation was dependent on Src, to a lesser extent, Lyn, but not Fyn. Only Src−/−;TRAMP prostate tumors were marked by reactive stroma. SFK deficiency did not affect progression to neuroendocrine (NE) disease, although there were fewer new cancer cases initiating after 34 weeks in the SFK−/−;TRAMP mice compared with TRAMP controls. Of note, 15% to 21% of older (>33 weeks) Lyn- or Fyn-null TRAMP mice lacking primary-site tumors suffered from aggressive metastatic AD growths, compared with 3% of TRAMP mice. Taken with the data that TRAMP mice lacking Src or Lyn exhibited fewer macroscopic metastases compared with Fyn−/−;TRAMP and TRAMP controls, this suggests that SFK can either promote or suppress specific parameters of metastatic growth, possibly depending on cross-talk with primary tumors. These data identify critical, yet potentially opposing roles played by various SFKs in the initiation and metastatic potential of CaP using the TRAMP model.

Implications: Genetically defined mouse models indicate a critical role for Src tyrosine kinase in CaP initiation and metastatic progression. Mol Cancer Res; 12(10); 1470–9. ©2014 AACR.
DRO1 Inactivation Drives Colorectal Carcinogenesis in ApcMin/+ Mice
Authors: Grill Jessica I. , Neumann Jens , Herbst Andreas , Hiltwein Felix , Ofner Andrea , Marschall Maximilian K. , Wolf Eckhard , Kirchner Thomas , Göke Burkhard , Schneider Marlon R. , Kolligs Frank T.
Published: July 2014

Colorectal cancer develops from adenomatous precursor lesions by a multistep process that involves several independent mutational events in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Inactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene is an early event and a prerequisite for the development of human colorectal adenoma. Previous in vitro studies identified DRO1 (CCDC80) to be a putative tumor suppressor gene that is negatively regulated in colorectal cancers and downregulated upon neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells. To investigate the in vivo role of DRO1 in colorectal carcinogenesis, a constitutive DRO1 knockout mouse model was generated. Disruption of DRO1 did not result in spontaneous intestinal tumor formation, consistent with the notion that DRO1 might have a role in suppressing the development of colon tumors in ApcMin/+ mice, a widely used model for studying the role of APC in intestinal tumorigenesis that is hampered by the fact that mice predominantly develop adenomas in the small intestine and not in the colon. Here, deletion of DRO1 in ApcMin/+ mice results in earlier death, a dramatically increased colonic tumor burden, and frequent development of colorectal carcinoma. Furthermore, enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 is observed in colon epithelium and tumors from DRO1 knockout mice. Thus, this study reveals that inactivation of DRO1 is required for colorectal carcinogenesis in the ApcMin/+ mouse and establishes a new mouse model for the study of colorectal cancer.

Implications: This report characterizes a new mouse model for the study of colorectal cancer and establishes DRO1 (CCDC80) as a tumor suppressor via a mechanism involving ERK phosphorylation. Mol Cancer Res; 12(11); 1655–62. ©2014 AACR.