bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Crop Evapotranspiration by Combining the Unmixing and Weight Image Fusion Methods
Authors: Zhang Xiaochun , Gao Hongsi , Shi Liangsheng , Hu Xiaolong , Zhong Liao , Bian Jiang
Published: July 2024

The demand for freshwater is increasing with population growth and rapid socio-economic development. It is more and more important for refined irrigation water management to conduct research on crop evapotranspiration (ET) data with a high spatiotemporal resolution in agricultural regions. We propose the unmixing–weight ET image fusion model (UWET), which integrates the advantages of the unmixing method in spatial downscaling and the weight-based method in temporal prediction to produce daily ET maps with a high spatial resolution. The Landsat-ET and MODIS-ET datasets for the UWET fusion data are retrieved from Landsat and MODIS images based on the surface energy balance model. The UWET model considers the effects of crop phenology, precipitation, and land cover in the process of the ET image fusion. The precision evaluation is conducted on the UWET results, and the measured ET values are monitored by eddy covariance at the Luancheng station, with average MAE values of 0.57 mm/day. The image results of UWET show fine spatial details and capture the dynamic ET changes. The seasonal ET values of winter wheat from the ET map mainly range from 350 to 660 mm in 2019–2020 and from 300 to 620 mm in 2020–2021. The average seasonal ET in 2019–2020 is 499.89 mm, and in 2020–2021, it is 459.44 mm. The performance of UWET is compared with two other fusion models: the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) and the Spatial and Temporal Reflectance Unmixing Model (STRUM). UWET performs better in the spatial details than the STARFM and is better in the temporal characteristics than the STRUM. The results indicate that UWET is suitable for generating ET products with a high spatial–temporal resolution in agricultural regions.
Detection Based on Semantics and a Detail Infusion Feature Pyramid Network and a Coordinate Adaptive Spatial Feature Fusion Mechanism Remote Sensing Small Object Detector
Authors: Zhou Shilong , Zhou Haijin
Published: July 2024

In response to the challenges of remote sensing imagery, such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial imagery, including differences in target dimensions, the dominance of small targets, and dense clutter and occlusion in complex environments, this paper optimizes the YOLOv8n model and proposes an innovative small-object-detection model called DDSC-YOLO. First, a DualC2f structure is introduced to improve the feature-extraction capabilities of the model. This structure uses dual-convolutions and group convolution techniques to effectively address the issues of cross-channel communication and preserving information in the original input feature mappings. Next, a new attention mechanism, DCNv3LKA, was developed. This mechanism uses adaptive and fine-grained information-extraction methods to simulate receptive fields similar to self-attention, allowing adaptation to a wide range of target size variations. To address the problem of false and missed detection of small targets in aerial photography, we designed a Semantics and Detail Infusion Feature Pyramid Network (SDI-FPN) and added a dedicated detection scale specifically for small targets, effectively mitigating the loss of contextual information in the model. In addition, the coordinate adaptive spatial feature fusion (CASFF) mechanism is used to optimize the original detection head, effectively overcoming multi-scale information conflicts while significantly improving small target localization accuracy and long-range dependency perception. Testing on the VisDrone2019 dataset shows that the DDSC-YOLO model improves the mAP0.5 by 9.3% over YOLOv8n, and its performance on the SSDD and RSOD datasets also confirms its superior generalization capabilities. These results confirm the effectiveness and significant progress of our novel approach to small target detection.
Elevating Smart Manufacturing with a Unified Predictive Maintenance Platform: The Synergy between Data Warehousing, Apache Spark, and Machine Learning
Authors: Su Naijing , Huang Shifeng , Su Chuanjun
Published: July 2024

The transition to smart manufacturing introduces heightened complexity in regard to the machinery and equipment used within modern collaborative manufacturing landscapes, presenting significant risks associated with equipment failures. The core ambition of smart manufacturing is to elevate automation through the integration of state-of-the-art technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, cloud technology, and expansive big data analytics. This technological evolution underscores the necessity for advanced predictive maintenance strategies that proactively detect equipment anomalies before they escalate into costly downtime. Addressing this need, our research presents an end-to-end platform that merges the organizational capabilities of data warehousing with the computational efficiency of Apache Spark. This system adeptly manages voluminous time-series sensor data, leverages big data analytics for the seamless creation of machine learning models, and utilizes an Apache Spark-powered engine for the instantaneous processing of streaming data for fault detection. This comprehensive platform exemplifies a significant leap forward in smart manufacturing, offering a proactive maintenance model that enhances operational reliability and sustainability in the digital manufacturing era.
Introducing the Special Issue Digital Death: Transforming Rituals, History, and the Afterlife
Authors: Christensen Dorthe Refslund , Sumiala Johanna
Published: July 2024

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for discussing the state of the art in the field of digital death and its future avenues [...]
Enforced Togetherness: Change and Continuity in Relationship Satisfaction among Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fritz Marni , Um Sejin , Risman Barbara J.
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates how the sharp increase in time spent at home due to COVID-19-related restrictions shaped parents’ relationship satisfaction with their partners. Drawing on 78 in-depth interviews with heterosexual partnered parents with at least one child aged 18 or under, we find that this experience of what we call “enforced togetherness” had varied effects on couples’ relationships. More than half of the respondents (fifty-five percent) reported improved relationship satisfaction, while fifteen percent reported a decline, and the remaining thirty percent no change. Individuals with higher satisfaction took advantage of enforced togetherness and sought out more frequent and intense communication and leisure activities, underscoring the importance of spending time in strengthening relationships. On the other hand, those who were unable or unwilling to engage in these activities, due to lack of support for increased care needs and their continued uneven distribution across the couple, saw their relationships deteriorate. Finally, individuals experienced stability in their relationships when their prior routines and arrangements remained largely undisrupted by the pandemic. Our findings shed light on the significance of time as a valuable resource for couples’ relationships, while at the same time emphasizing the role of their agency in its utilization.
Individual Attitudes and Settlement Perspectives of Refugees in Greece: The Case of Samos Island
Authors: Rontos Kostas , Salvati Luca , Panagos Nikolaos , Kourmoulaki Maria
Published: July 2024

Expanding refugee influxes have involved a rising number of European countries in recent years. In this context, our study investigates attitudes of international protection seekers regarding their prospects of staying permanently in a transit country such as Greece. This research was based on primary statistical data collected through the dissemination of structured questionnaires from a sample of refugees from the Closed Controlled Facility of Samos island, Eastern Greece, one of the most attended gates allowing access to Europe from Turkey and the Middle East. Descriptive and non-parametric statistics and results from a logistic regression contributed to the examination of factors that simultaneously determine the will of the refugees to stay in Greece instead of moving to another country. The main reasons they want to stay in Greece are primarily for employment opportunities and a better quality of life. They aspire to learn Greek to integrate better into the local society, actively seeking this skill from their initial arrival. However, their social integration into the local host community cannot be achieved effectively at the current time due to the absence of appropriate strategies at the local/regional levels. The need for employment (expressed by attempts to find work), the quality of life (access to public and private services), the country of origin, marital status and, finally, the sense of safety based on the existence (or, conversely, lack) of xenophobic and racist incidents are the main reasons that simultaneously determine their decision to stay permanently in Greece.
Women’s Participation in Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change (CBACC): An Intersectional Analysis
Authors: Jannat Gulay , Kusakabe Kyoko
Published: July 2024

This study explores which women participate in community-based adaptation (CBA) from an intersectional perspective. This study followed in-depth interviews (IDIs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) methods for data collection in Latachapli, Bangladesh. It explores women from different ethnic and religious identities participating in community-based adaptation (CBA) activities. The diversity among women leads to varying levels of participation. Three main areas—sense of insecurity, support from family members, and women’s literacy—and the NGO’s administrative bias have been seen to influence different levels of women’s participation in CBA. All these findings suggest that women’s intersectional challenges when participating in activities must be considered. The problem with the NGOs that implement the CBA activities is that they focus on marginalized communities (Rakhine) and women in general without taking into consideration the cultural, religious, and historical barriers that these different women face.
Decisions and Coordination of E-Commerce Supply Chain Considering Product Quality and Marketing Efforts under Different Power Structures
Authors: Ren Haiping , Luo Zhen
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of internet technology, consumers have increasingly higher requirements for product quality. High-quality products can win consumers’ trust. Enhancing both product quality and sales in e-commerce platform transactions has long been a focal point of research. To address this issue, this paper constructs Stackelberg game models under different power structures and compares their impacts on pricing decisions and profits within e-commerce supply chains. Numerical simulations are used to explore the optimal combination strategy for the interaction of product quality and marketing efforts in the e-commerce supply chain. The results show that: (1) Under a centralized decision-making model, product quality and marketing efforts reach their optimal values, maximizing benefits for the supply chain system. (2) Under different power structures, the relationship between the profits of the supplier and the e-commerce platform self-operator is closely linked to the cost coefficients of product quality and marketing efforts. (3) Through the mechanism of “cost-sharing + compensation contract”, the supplier can reduce wholesale price, and the e-commerce platform self-operator can subsidize a portion of the sales to the supplier, thereby maximizing the profits of both parties and achieving a win–win situation. The research in this paper aids suppliers in improving product quality and e-commerce platform self-operators in enhancing their marketing efforts, providing theoretical support for optimizing supply-chain decision making on e-commerce platforms.
Kansei Drives Sustainable Material Innovation—An Approach to Enhance the Added Value of Biomass Materials
Authors: Gao Pin , Zhang Yue , Long Zhiyu
Published: July 2024

In this study, we discovered that the physical composition of materials can significantly affect users’ psychological and physiological responses. Materials research constantly offers novel materials as better alternatives to convention. However, the functionality of a material no longer ensures its commercial success and widespread use. Additionally, the material should provide significant added value beyond its practical evaluation. Kansei, a concept derived from the Japanese language, pertains to the psychological perception of a product’s functionality and has attracted considerable attention in both industry and academia. This study proposes a Kansei-driven sustainable material method to enhance materials’ added value. We quantified users’ Kansei of tea waste materials via experiments. Specifically, we first measured the physical qualities of the materials, such as their color, surface roughness, and odor index. Next, we used semantic differential and pairwise comparison methods to measure users’ impressions and preferences toward the materials. We also employed wearable physiological measurement devices to capture users’ reactions to the materials, including the skin conductance level (SCL) and heart rate (HR). Finally, we conducted correlation analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) on the collected physical, psychological, and physiological data. This study found strong correlations between the materials’ frictional coefficients and surface roughness and people’s psychological evaluations, such as sensory and safety factors. In addition, we also found that these physical qualities affect people’s HR and SCL, leading to changes in people’s emotions. These findings carry significant implications for enhancing the added value of materials.
Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Composite Shear Wall with Horizontal Connection and Frame
Authors: Mo Xuan , Yuan Zhijun , Jia Yigang , Lu Liangjian , Ke Naiwen , Wei Xianglan
Published: July 2024

Prefabricated concrete shear-wall structures are a primary form of prefabricated concrete construction. In this paper, the seismic performance of precast shear walls with frames is studied by experimental methods. The failure characteristics, hysteretic performance, energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation, and ductility of the shear wall are mainly analyzed. The results indicate that incorporating various frames into concrete shear walls can significantly enhance the traditional single seismic defense line. The maximum differences between the positive and negative initial stiffnesses of the framed shear wall are 32.6% and 29.7%, respectively. The maximum differences between the positive and negative ductility coefficients compared to the ordinary reinforced concrete shear wall are 15.7% and 20.7%, respectively. The maximum difference in equivalent viscous damping compared to the ordinary reinforced concrete shear wall is 26.5%.
Validation of a UPLC-MS/MS Method for Multi-Matrix Biomonitoring of Alternaria Toxins in Humans
Authors: Visintin Lia , García Nicolás María , De Saeger Sarah , De Boevre Marthe
Published: July 2024

Mycotoxins, natural toxins produced by fungi, contaminate nearly 80% of global food crops. Alternaria mycotoxins, including alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethylether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA), present a health concern due to their prevalence in various plants and fruits. Exposure to these toxins exceeds the threshold of toxicological concern in some European populations, especially infants and toddlers. Despite this, regulatory standards for Alternaria toxins remain absent. The lack of toxicokinetic parameters, reference levels, and sensitive detection methods complicates risk assessment and highlights the necessity for advanced biomonitoring (HBM) techniques. This study addresses these challenges by developing and validating ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to quantify AOH, AME, TeA, and their conjugates in multiple biological matrices. The validated method demonstrates robust linearity, precision, recovery (94–111%), and sensitivity across urine (LOD < 0.053 ng/mL), capillary blood (LOD < 0.029 ng/mL), and feces (LOD < 0.424 ng/g), with significantly lower LOD for TeA compared to existing methodologies. The application of minimally invasive microsampling techniques for the blood collection enhances the potential for large-scale HBM studies. These advancements represent a step toward comprehensive HBM and exposure risk assessments for Alternaria toxins, facilitating the generation of data for regulatory authorities.
Residual Kidney Function in Hemodialysis: Its Importance and Contribution to Improved Patient Outcomes
Authors: Obi Yoshitsugu , Raimann Jochen G. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Murea Mariana
Published: July 2024

Individuals afflicted with advanced kidney dysfunction who require dialysis for medical management exhibit different degrees of native kidney function, called residual kidney function (RKF), ranging from nil to appreciable levels. The primary focus of this manuscript is to delve into the concept of RKF, a pivotal yet under-represented topic in nephrology. To begin, we unpack the definition and intrinsic nature of RKF. We then juxtapose the efficiency of RKF against that of hemodialysis in preserving homeostatic equilibrium and facilitating physiological functions. Given the complex interplay of RKF and overall patient health, we shed light on the extent of its influence on patient outcomes, particularly in those living with advanced kidney dysfunction and on dialysis. This manuscript subsequently presents methodologies and measures to assess RKF, concluding with the potential benefits of targeted interventions aimed at preserving RKF.
Qualitative Profiling of Venom Toxins in the Venoms of Several Bothrops Species Using High-Throughput Venomics and Coagulation Bioassaying
Authors: Weekers Dimoetsha J. C. , Alonso Luis L. , Verstegen Anniek X. , Slagboom Julien , Kool Jeroen
Published: July 2024

Envenoming resulting from snakebites is recognized as a priority neglected tropical disease by The World Health Organization. The Bothrops genus, consisting of different pitviper species, is considered the most medically significant taxa in Central and South America. Further research into Bothrops venom composition is important to aid in the development of safer and more effective snakebite treatments. In addition, the discovery of Bothrops toxins that could potentially be used for medical or diagnostic purposes is of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to employ high-throughput (HT) venomics to qualitatively analyze venom composition while utilizing coagulation bioassays for identifying coagulopathic toxins and characterizing coagulopathic activity in various Bothrops venoms. Using the recently demonstrated HT venomics workflow in combination with post-column coagulopathic bioassaying, focus was placed at anticoagulant toxins. Well-known procoagulant toxins were also investigated, taking into account that using the HT venomics workflow, procoagulant toxins are especially prone to denaturation during the reversed-phase chromatographic separations performed in the workflow. The findings revealed that the venoms of B. atrox and B. jararaca harbored procoagulant toxins, whereas those of B. alternatus and B. neuwiedi contained both procoagulant and anticoagulant toxins. In general, anticoagulation was associated with phospholipases A2s, while procoagulation was associated with snake venom metalloproteinases and snake venom serine proteases. These results showed the identification of coagulopathic venom toxins in the Bothrops venoms analyzed using multiple analytical methods that complement each other. Additionally, each venom underwent qualitative characterization of its composition.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Huh7 Cells Transfected with Sub-Saharan African Hepatitis B Virus (Sub)genotypes Reveals Potential Oncogenic Factors
Authors: Padarath Kiyasha , Deroubaix Aurélie , Naicker Previn , Stoychev Stoyan , Kramvis Anna
Published: July 2024

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the (sub)genotypes A1, D3, and E of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevail. Individuals infected with subgenotype A1 have a 4.5-fold increased risk of HCC compared to those infected with other (sub)genotypes. The effect of (sub)genotypes on protein expression and host signalling has not been studied. Mass spectrometry was used to analyse the proteome of Huh7 cells transfected with replication-competent clones. Proteomic analysis revealed significantly differentially expressed proteins between SSA (sub)genotypes. Different (sub)genotypes have the propensity to dysregulate specific host signalling pathways. Subgenotype A1 resulted in dysregulation within the Ras pathway. Ras-associated protein, RhoC, was significantly upregulated in cells transfected with subgenotype A1 compared to those transfected with other (sub)genotypes, on both a proteomic (>1.5-fold) and mRNA level (p < 0.05). Two of the main cellular signalling pathways involving RHOC, MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, regulate cell growth, motility, and survival. Downstream signalling products of these pathways have been shown to increase MMP2 and MMP9 expression. An extracellular MMP2 and MMP9 ELISA revealed a non-significant increase in MMP2 and MMP9 in the cells transfected with A1 compared to the other (sub)genotypes (p < 0.05). The upregulated Ras-associated proteins have been implicated as oncoproteins in various cancers and could contribute to the increased hepatocarcinogenic potential of A1.
DNA Virome in Cardiac Tissue from Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas) with Myocarditis
Authors: Hannon Christabel , Sarker Subir , Suen Willy W. , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle
Published: July 2024

As part of a sea turtle health monitoring program on the central east coast of Queensland, Australia, stranded and sick green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) were subjected to necropsy and histopathology. A subset of these turtles had myocarditis of varying severity, which could not be attributed to parasitism by spirorchid flukes or bacterial infections. We, therefore, undertook an investigation to determine whether virus infections might be part of the pathogenesis. Deep sequencing revealed abundant DNA virus contigs in the heart tissue, of which CRESS and circoviruses appeared to be the most consistently present. Further analysis revealed the homology of some of the circoviruses to the beak and feather disease virus. While a causative link to myocarditis could not be established, the presence of these viruses may play a contributing role by affecting the immune system and overall health of animals exposed to pollutants, higher water temperatures, and decreasing nutrition.
ct2vl: A Robust Public Resource for Converting SARS-CoV-2 Ct Values to Viral Loads
Authors: Hill Elliot D. , Yilmaz Fazilet , Callahan Cody , Morgan Alex , Cheng Annie , Braun Jasper , Arnaout Ramy
Published: July 2024

The amount of SARS-CoV-2 in a sample is often measured using Ct values. However, the same Ct value may correspond to different viral loads on different platforms and assays, making them difficult to compare from study to study. To address this problem, we developed ct2vl, a Python package that converts Ct values to viral loads for any RT-qPCR assay/platform. The method is novel in that it is based on determining the maximum PCR replication efficiency, as opposed to fitting a sigmoid (S-shaped) curve relating signal to cycle number. We calibrated ct2vl on two FDA-approved platforms and validated its performance using reference-standard material, including sensitivity analysis. We found that ct2vl-predicted viral loads were highly accurate across five orders of magnitude, with 1.6-fold median error (for comparison, viral loads in clinical samples vary over 10 orders of magnitude). The package has 100% test coverage. We describe installation and usage both from the Unix command-line and from interactive Python environments. ct2vl is freely available via the Python Package Index (PyPI). It facilitates conversion of Ct values to viral loads for clinical investigators, basic researchers, and test developers for any RT-qPCR platform. It thus facilitates comparison among the many quantitative studies of SARS-CoV-2 by helping render observations in a natural, universal unit of measure.
The Distal Promoter of the B438L Gene of African Swine Fever Virus Is Responsible for the Transcription of the Alternatively Spliced B169L
Authors: Cao Hongwei , Deng Hao , Wang Yanjin , Liu Diqiu , Li Lianfeng , Li Meilin , Peng Dingkun , Dai Jingwen , Li Jiaqi , Qiu Huaji , Li Su
Published: July 2024

The B169L protein (pB169L) of African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a structural protein with an unidentified function during the virus replication. The sequences of the B169L gene and the downstream B438L gene are separated by short intergenic regions. However, the regulatory mode of the gene transcription remains unknown. Here, we identified two distinct promoter regions and two transcription start sites (TSSs) located upstream of the open reading frame (ORF) of B438L. Using the promoter reporter system, we demonstrated that the cis activity of the ORF proximal promoter exhibited significantly higher levels compared with that of the distal promoter located in the B169L gene. Furthermore, transfection with the plasmids with two different promoters for B438L could initiate the transcription and expression of the B438L gene in HEK293T cells, and the cis activity of the ORF proximal promoter also displayed higher activities compared with the distal promoter. Interestingly, the B438L distal promoter also initiated the transcription of the alternatively spliced B169L mRNA (B169L mRNA2) encoding a truncated pB169L (tpB169L) (amino acids 92–169), and the gene transcription efficiency was increased upon mutation of the initiation codon located upstream of the alternatively spliced B169L gene. Taken together, we demonstrated that the distal promoter of B438L gene initiates the transcription of both the B438L mRNA and B169L mRNA2. Comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional regulatory mode of the B438L gene is beneficial for the understanding of the association of B438L protein and pB169L and the construction of the gene-deleted ASFV.
Exploring the Complexities of Long COVID
Authors: Donald Jackson , Bilasy Shymaa E. , Yang Catherine , El-Shamy Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2019, nearly 700 million COVID-19 cases and 7 million deaths have been reported globally. Despite most individuals recovering within four weeks, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that 7.5% to 41% develop post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS), known as ‘Long COVID’. This review provides current statistics on Long COVID’s prevalence, explores hypotheses concerning epidemiological factors, such as age, gender, comorbidities, initial COVID-19 severity, and vaccine interactions, and delves into potential mechanisms, including immune responses, viral persistence, and gut dysbiosis. Moreover, we conclude that women, advanced age, comorbidities, non-vaccination, and low socioeconomic status all appear to be risk factors. The reasons for these differences are still not fully understood and likely involve a complex relationship between social, genetic, hormonal, and other factors. Furthermore, individuals with Long COVID-19 seem more likely to endure economic hardship due to persistent symptoms. In summary, our findings further illustrate the multifaceted nature of Long COVID and underscore the importance of understanding the epidemiological factors and potential mechanisms needed to develop effective therapeutic strategies and interventions.
Low-Input, High-Resolution 5′ Terminal Filovirus RNA Sequencing with ViBE-Seq
Authors: Ross Stephen J. , Hume Adam J. , Olejnik Judith , Turcinovic Jacquelyn , Honko Anna N. , McKay Lindsay G. A. , Connor John H. , Griffiths Anthony , Mühlberger Elke , Cifuentes Daniel
Published: July 2024

Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been instrumental in determining the genomic sequences of emerging RNA viruses, de novo sequence determination often lacks sufficient coverage of the 5′ and 3′ ends of the viral genomes. Since the genome ends of RNA viruses contain the transcription and genome replication promoters that are essential for viral propagation, a lack of terminal sequence information hinders the efforts to study the replication and transcription mechanisms of emerging and re-emerging viruses. To circumvent this, we have developed a novel method termed ViBE-Seq (Viral Bona Fide End Sequencing) for the high-resolution sequencing of filoviral genome ends using a simple yet robust protocol with high fidelity. This technique allows for sequence determination of the 5′ end of viral RNA genomes and mRNAs with as little as 50 ng of total RNA. Using the Ebola virus and Marburg virus as prototypes for highly pathogenic, re-emerging viruses, we show that ViBE-Seq is a reliable technique for rapid and accurate 5′ end sequencing of filovirus RNA sourced from virions, infected cells, and tissue obtained from infected animals. We also show that ViBE-Seq can be used to determine whether distinct reverse transcriptases have terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity. Overall, ViBE-Seq will facilitate the access to complete sequences of emerging viruses.
CTAB Surfactant Promotes Rapid, Efficient, and Simultaneous Removal of Cationic and Anionic Dyes through Adsorption on Glycerol/Citrate Polyester
Authors: Chamorro Andrés F. , Lerma Tulio A. , Palencia Manuel
Published: July 2024

The discharge of dye waste by industries has caused environmental impacts on water properties, aquatic species, and human life. The production of eco-friendly materials for dye removal from wastewater has gained increasing interest, particularly through adsorption, as it is an efficient method for removing pollutants. However, the selectivity and limited adsorption capacity of materials for simultaneously adsorbing cationic and anionic dyes make it challenging to address the prevailing dye effluent issue. In this work, a poly(glycerol citrate) polyester was prepared without a solvent, using microwave heating, and was combined with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to modulate the simultaneous adsorption of cationic (Rhodamine B, RB) and anionic dyes (acid blue 113, AB and acid red 27, AR). The formation of the polyester was successfully confirmed by ATR-FTIR and the thermal properties were evaluated by TGA and DCS. In the presence of CTAB 5 mM, the material removes almost 100% of the dyes, reaching the kinetics equilibrium in 30 min following the Pseudo-second order model. Additionally, dye adsorption on the polyester in the presence of CTAB was described by the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating a heterogeneous polyester surface that promotes a multi-layer adsorption driven by electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds. The material showed an adsorption capacity of 73.7 ± 3.2, 82.1 ± 4.4, and 21.2 ± 0.6 mg/g for RB, AB, and AR, respectively. Our results provide evidence that the poly(glycerol citrate)/CTAB has a higher potential for application in wastewater treatment to remove both anionic and cationic dyes.
Enhanced Adsorption of Aqueous Pb(II) by Acidic Group-Modified Biochar Derived from Peanut Shells
Authors: Wu Yumeng , Li Ci , Wang Zhimiao , Li Fang , Li Jing , Xue Wei , Zhao Xinqiang
Published: July 2024

Using peanut shells, a sustainable agricultural waste product, as its raw material, the acid group-modified biochar (AMBC) was prepared through phosphoric acid activation, partial carbonization, and concentrated sulfuric acid sulfonation for efficient removal of lead ion from aqueous solutions. Characterization techniques such as N2 isothermal adsorption–desorption, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTA, and acid–base titration were utilized to fully understand the properties of the AMBC. It was found that there were high densities of acidic oxygen-containing functional groups (-SO3H, -COOH, Ph-OH) on the surface of the AMBC. The optimal adsorption performance of the AMBC for Pb(II) in water occurred when the initial concentration of Pb(II) was 100 mg/L, the pH was 5, the dosage of the adsorbent was 0.5 g/L, and the contact time was 120 min. Under the optimal conditions, the removal ratio of Pb(II) was 76.0%, with an adsorption capacity of 148.6 mg/g. This performance far surpassed that of its activated carbon precursor, which achieved a removal ratio of 39.7% and an adsorption capacity of 83.1 mg/g. The superior adsorption performance of AMBC can be caused by the high content of acidic oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface. These functional groups facilitate the strong binding between AMBC and Pb(II), enabling effective removal from water solutions.
Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Roundup on Unionid Mussels: Are Mussels Good Indicators of Water Pollution with Glyphosate-Based Pesticides?
Authors: Drewek Agnieszka , Lubawy Jan , Domek Piotr , Polak Jan , Słocińska Małgorzata , Dzięgelewska Aleksandra , Klimaszyk Piotr
Published: July 2024

The behavioral (filtration activity) and biochemical (oxidative stress) effects of Roundup 360 Plus (active substance glyphosate) herbicide on two species of unionid mussels, Unio tumidus (Philipsson, 1788) and Anodonta anatina (L.), were evaluated at concentrations ranging from 15 to 1500 μg L−1 of glyphosate for five days. During all experiments, we did not record the mortality of the studied mussel species. Exposure to Roundup herbicide induced dose-dependent filtration disruptions in both U. tumidus and A. anatina. Exposure of the mussels to a low and environmentally relevant concentration 15 µg glyphosate L−1 resulted in a slight (<20%) and temporary decrease in mean valve dilation. Exposure of the mussels to Roundup at relatively high concentrations caused drastic and prolonged shell closure and a reduction in the mussel shell opening rate. Exposure of both mussel species to herbicide resulted in oxidative stress; an increase in superoxide dismutase enzymatic activity was detected. The most significant increase in SOD activity was observed after the exposure to the highest Roundup concentration. However, no correlation between the Roundup concentration and enzymatic activity was found. The use of unionid mussels to detect environmentally relevant concentrations of Roundup, as a part of biological early warning system for pollution, is limited, but they can serve to detect the incidental pollution of aquatic ecosystems with high concentrations of this herbicide.
Under the Strong Influence of Human Activities: The Patterns and Controlling Factors of River Water Chemistry Changes—A Case Study of the Lower Yellow River
Authors: Ren Chaobin , Liu Lu
Published: July 2024

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics and their controlling factors in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Through water quality sampling and analysis over two hydrological periods within a year, combined with hydrochemical methods and machine learning techniques, the study reveals the joint impact of natural factors and human activities on the spatiotemporal variations in hydrochemical constituents. The findings indicate that the water in the lower reaches of the Yellow River exhibits weak alkalinity (the pH is between 7 and 8), with the primary hydrochemical type being HCO3·SO4—Ca·Na·Mg. The temporal variation in the hydrochemical constituents is mainly influenced by rainfall, where nitrate levels are higher during the flood season due to the flushing effect of rainfall, whereas other hydrochemical constituents show an opposite temporal pattern due to the dilution effect of rainfall. The spatial variation in the Yellow River’s hydrochemistry is primarily controlled by a combination of human activities and rainfall. Using Gibbs diagram analysis, it is identified that rock weathering is the main source of ionic constituents, while agricultural fertilization, industrial emissions, and domestic wastewater discharge have significant impacts on the hydrochemical constituents. Compared to other rivers worldwide, the concentration of hydrochemical constituents in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is relatively high, especially nitrate and sulfate, which is closely related to the geological characteristics of the Yellow River basin and intense human activities in the middle and lower reaches. Principal component analysis reveals that the main controlling factors for hydrochemical constituents during the dry season in the lower reaches of the Yellow River are rock weathering dissolution and industrial activities, followed by domestic wastewater; during the flood season, the main controlling factors are rock weathering dissolution and industrial activities, followed by agricultural activities and domestic wastewater. The research findings provide theoretical support for water resource management and water quality protection in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.
Improving Flood Forecasting Skill by Combining Ensemble Precipitation Forecasts and Multiple Hydrological Models in a Mountainous Basin
Authors: Xiang Yiheng , Peng Tao , Qi Haixia , Yin Zhiyuan , Shen Tieyuan
Published: July 2024

Ensemble precipitation forecasts (EPFs) derived from single numerical weather predictions (NWPs) often miss extreme events, and individual hydrological models (HMs) often fail to accurately capture all types of flows, including flood peaks. To address these shortcomings, this study introduced four “EPF + HM” schemes for ensemble flood forecasting (EFF) by combining two EPFs and two HMs. A generator-based post-processing (GPP) method was applied to correct biases and under-dispersion within the raw EPF data. The effectiveness of these schemes in delivering high-quality flood forecasts was assessed using both deterministic and probabilistic metrics. The results indicate that, once post-processed by GPP, all proposed schemes show improvements in both deterministic and probabilistic performances, with skillful flood forecasts for 1–7 lead days. The deterioration in forecast performance with extended lead times is also lessened. Notably, the results indicate that uncertainty within hydrological models has a more pronounced impact on capturing flood peaks than uncertainty in precipitation inputs. This study recommends combining individual EPF with multiple hydrological models for reliable flood forecasting. In conclusion, effective flood forecasting necessitates employing post-processing techniques to correct EPFs and accounting for the uncertainty inherent in hydrological models, rather than relying solely on the uncertainty of the input data.
Recent Advances in Biofiltration for PPCP Removal from Water
Authors: Lin Pinyi , Liao Zhuwei , Wu Gequan , Yang Liwei , Fu Jie , Luo Yin
Published: July 2024

As emerging pollutants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water have attracted more and more attention because of their harmfulness to the ecosystem and human health. Due to the perpetual input from sewage/wastewater effluents, landfill leachates, urban/agricultural runoff, etc., PPCPs in the aquatic environment are generally “pseudo-persistent”. Conventional filtration in the water treatment process cannot effectively remove PPCPs, while biofiltration, a synergistic combination of adsorption and biodegradation, is an effective upgrade method that has received great attention and application in recent years. This paper systematically reviewed the principle of biofiltration and its efficiency in the removal of PPCPs. The important operational parameters influencing biofiltration performance such as filter media, temperature, backwash conditions, empty bed contact time, etc. were summarized. In addition, the limitations and prospects of the current research on biofiltration were also pointed out.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan Tingkat Perkembangan Anak TK Usia 4-6 Tahun
Authors: Anjani Ida Ayu Ketut , Sipahutar Ida Erni , Yunianti Suntari Cakera Ni Luh Putu
Published: July 2024

Developmental disorders are currently a global health problem. The state of increasing population every year shows that delays in child development will also continue to increase. The purpose of the research is to find out about parenting styles of parents with the level of child development. This type of research is quantitative which is correlational and the research design uses a cross sectional approach. The total sample was 127 people using the probability sampling method, namely the proportional stratified random sampling technique. The sample was determined based on inclusion criteria, namely parents and their children who attended the Pusat PAUD Werdhi Kumara and exclusion criteria, namely parents and children who were present but could not participate as respondents. Data collection used parenting style questionnaires and developmental pre-screening questionnaires. The results showed that the parenting style of the majority was democratic (61,4%), and the majority of children had appropriate development (85%). Test the hypothesis using chi square with asymp values. Sig (2-sided). The results of the chi square test of parenting style and child development showed a significance value of 0,467 or a p value 0,05, which means that there is no relationship between parenting style and child development. Based on a comparison of the calculated chi square value with the chi square table, the results obtained are 3,569 9,488. In conclusion, there is no relationship between parenting style and the level of development of kindergarten children aged 4-6 years at Kindergarten Pusat PAUD Werdhi Kumara Denpasar Selatan Year 2023. For future researchers, it is hoped that they can conduct further research on other factors that can provide the right stimulus at the developmental stage of preschool-aged children.
Pengaruh Brain Gym Therapy terhadap Tingkat Depresi Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Authors: Wahyuliniya Anak Agung Istri , Harini I Gusti Ayu , Candra I Wayan , Lestari Agus Sri
Published: July 2024

Diabetes melitus (DM) is a serious chronic disease. DM is a major cause of many diseases, such as blindness, heart disease, and kidney failure. The incidence of DM in Indonesia is 2.8%, and Bali Province is 1,33%. DM patients can experience depression due to the need for long-term treatment to avoid complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of brain gym therapy on depression levels in patients with type 2 DM. Pre experimental research design with One-group pre-post test design. The research sample was DM patients who experienced depression. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. This research instrument uses the beck depression inventory II questionnaire. The statistical test used is the Wilcoxon test. Measurement of depression levels in DM patients was  measured twice, namely before and after being given brain gym. The level of depression in research subjects before being given therapy in the moderate depression category, as many as 10 people (55,6%). The level of depression in the research subjects after being given therapy in the mild depression category, as many as 15 people (83,3%). Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test, the p value= 0,008 was obtained.  The p value 0,05 indicates that there is an effect of brain gym therapy on depression in DM patients. The conclusion of this study is that brain gym reduces the level of depression in patients with type 2 DM.
Gambaran Self-Care Pasien dengan Penyakit Jantung Koroner Pasca Kateterisasi Jantung
Authors: Arianca I Nyoman , Intan Saraswati Ni Luh Gede , Satya Laksmi I Gusti Ayu Putu , Yuni Lestari Ni Kadek
Published: July 2024

Coronary heart disease is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases throughout the world which results in high rates of mortality, morbidity and also has a financial impact. One of the main management for coronary heart disease patients is self-care. Several studies show that treatment outcomes for coronary heart patients are better in patients who engage in consistent self-care. Programs and guidelines regarding self-care for coronary heart patients have been proven to reduce rehospitalization rates. The results of other research show there is a link between a good quality of life and good self-care. The aim of this research is to determine the description of self-care for coronary heart patients after catheterization at the Integrated Heart Care Installation at Prof.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital. This research uses a descriptive analytical design with a cross sectional approach using the SC-CHDI questionnaire. The total sample was 219 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The results of the study showed that 77,2% respondent have sufficient catagory, Self-Maintenance results for coronary heart patients at the Integrated Heart Care Installation at Prof. Dr. I. G. as many as 119 people (54,3%). Self-care-confidence was in the sufficient category, 195 respondents (89%) and the results of self-care management for coronary heart patients were in the sufficient category,115 respondents (52,5%). The description of self-care for coronary heart disease sufferers is influenced by respondent characteristics such as age, gender, education, occupation, and length of illness.
Enrichment of Artemia Nauplii With Bacteria Grown in High C/N Ratio, Carbon Source-Microalgae Media
Authors: MALLAWAARACHCHI JAYANTHI CHANDANI ,   National Aquatic Resources and Development Agency, Colombo, Sri Lanka, YUSOFF FATIMAH MD , KHAW YAM SIM , ZULPERI ZARIRAH BINTI MOHAMED , YASIN INA SALWANY MD
Published: July 2024

The microalgae-bacteria interaction in enriched culture media could affect the growth and nutritional properties of Artemia. The addition of carbon sources to the media improves the heterotrophic bacterial population, which in turn interacts with microalgae to improve the health and production of Artemia. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of the microbial consortium developed with different fermented carbon sources and microalgae on Artemia. Three different microalgae, Chlorella sp./A1, Nannochloropsis oceanica/A2 and Chaetoceros calcitrans/A3 were mixed with three fermented carbon sources (rice bran/C1, tapioca flour/C2 and molasses/C3) to produce nine treatments (A1C1, A1C2, A1C3, A2C1, A2C2, A2C3, A3C1, A3C2, A3C3) and three controls with microalgae alone (A1, A2, A3). Enrichment was carried out for 24 h with Artemia instar I at an initial density of 25 individuals mL-1. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the survival, length, protein and lipid contents of Artemia nauplii were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by carbon source and species of microalgae. The carbon source–microalgae interaction also significantly affects Artemia survival, length, biomass and protein content. This study illustrated that bacteria associated with different carbon sources and microalgae consortia improved Artemia growth, survival, protein and lipid content.
OPTIMALISASI RUTE DISTRIBUSI DEPOT AISUKE DENGAN ALGORITMA CLARKE & WRIGHT SAVINGS
Authors: Anjarwati Sri Artha Dwi
Published: July 2024

Aisuke sebagai perusahaan penyedia air minum di Kota Pekanbaru, menghadapi permasalahan seringnya keterlambatan pengiriman air galon dan ketidaklayanan terhadap beberapa pelanggan sesuai jadwal pengiriman. Dalam rangka penyelesaian permasalahan ini, kami sebagai peneliti memutuskan untuk menggunakan algoritma Clarke and Wright diharapkan dapat meminimalkan jarak tempuh air galon ke tempat pelanggan. Dalam penelitin ini, digunakan metode deskriptif dengan data yang diperoleh secara langsung dari Depot Aisuke pada bulan Agustus 2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberhasilan implementasi algoritma Clarke and Wright, awal jarak tempuh yang mencapai 127,1 Km. sekarang berhasil dikurangi hingga mencapai 52,7 Km. Ini menandakan bahwa solusi algoritma Clarke and Wright berhasil mengatasi permasalahan distribusi, meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, dan memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan dengan lebih baik.