bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of aerospace engine bolt tightening based on Kriging model
Authors: Wang Yuanyu , Liu Yong , Wang Junyi , Ma Lei , Cao Runan , Xu Zhigang
Published: May 2024

Bolt tightening is widely used in various types of aerospace engine assembly process. To ensure the tightness of the aerospace engine, it is extremely important to reduce the deformation of the engine and achieve uniform bolt preload in the tightening process. The initial clearance value between nozzle and chamber of different types of aerospace engine is different, which makes the tightening target of low deformation and even load difficult. Besides, the impact of elastic interaction makes the tightening of aerospace engine very challenging. And aerospace engine bolt tightening is too time-consuming. A method is proposed in this paper to solve the above puzzle. The influence of elastic interaction in the tightening process can be weakened by optimizing the tightening sequence, and the optimal tightening process of different types of aerospace engines under different clearance values can be predicted based on kriging model. The experiment shows that the deformation of the engine deduce by 82% and 72%, the average preload deduce by 3.8% and 5.1%. Then kriging model is used to predict the best tightening sequence under different types and tightening clearance. The genetic algorithm is used to obtain the best sequence in the design domain, and the deviation between the final predicted value and the simulation value is less than 3%. After comparing, the research also improves the efficiency of process planning of and medium-sized batches and multiple batches of aerospace engines.
Design and experimental research of a new type of power transmission tower climbing robot
Authors: Chen Guangqing , Li Zuoying , Sun Aiqin , Wang Jidai , Wang Shuo , Du Yanfei , Yuan Liang
Published: May 2024

There are a series of problems in the maintenance of transmission towers. In this paper, based on the existing structure, a climbing robot that can be applied to the transmission tower is designed, and the reliability of the grasp is analyzed. Key parts are optimized with Ansys analysis software and planning for climbing gait is completed with Adams simulation software; Robot control system is designed based on hierarchical and decentralized control architecture and the paw position adjustment decisions are optimized, and the fuzzy control algorithm is used to realize the gait adjustment of the robot The experiment result shows, the robot can complete the task of climbing and crossing the obstacle of the steel surface of the tower angle.
Lateral stability control of extreme lane change based on dynamic surface and backstepping methods
Authors: Yuan Chaochun , Ji Haichang , Shen Jie , Chen Long , Cai Yingfeng , He Youguo , Weng Shuofeng , Yuan Yuqi
Published: May 2024

When intelligent vehicles encounter sudden and dangerous conditions, they often take the lateral lane change measure of emergency steering to avoid the risk, which can easily cause the vehicles to become unstable. In this paper, firstly the quintic polynomial is adopted as the lane change trajectory, the extreme lane change trajectory boundary is derived based on the dangerous phenomenon that vehicles are prone to sideslip and rollover, and the relationship between the road adhesion coefficient, longitudinal speed and the extreme lane change time is fitted. Then, based on the backstepping method and the dynamic surface control, a multi-constraint controller for sideslip angle of centroid and yaw rate is designed to regulate the steering of the vehicle by outputting additional yaw moment. The final simulation results show that the controller can have a good constraint effect under the extreme lane change, which ensures the accuracy of trajectory tracking and driving stability.
Study on the generation mechanism of curve squeal and its relationship with wheel/rail wear
Authors: Feng Xiaohang , Chen Guangxiong , Dong Bingjie , Song Qifeng , Ren Wenjuan
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to create a friction coupling finite element model of the wheelset–track system, taking into account various curve radii and corresponding wheel/rail contact states. This model will serve as a tool to analyze the underlying causes of curve squeal phenomena. Furthermore, we conducted an investigation into the impact of rail and wheel wear on system stability. This paper utilized a complex eigenvalue analysis (CEA) method to accurately calculate and predict vibration instabilities in the system. The results show that the smaller the radius of the curve, the more prone to it is lateral creep between the rail and the leading wheelset, so that the system is more prone to self-excited frictional vibrations, ultimately resulting in the generation of curve squeal. In addition, the wear of the wheel tread/rail head increases the instability of the system. When the train passes through a section with rail corrugation, rail corrugation suppresses the occurrence of curve squeal.
Investigating book reading experiences in VR
Authors: Bulat Demir Sema , Ilgaz Büyükbaykal Ayşe Ceyda
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigated reader experiences on reading in VR. The study was conducted with undergraduate students ( N = 40) who read a chapter of the Turkish novel. In the four different groups read the same chapter of the novel in different formats: print, digital, audio, and VR. In this context, firstly we measured cognitive activities using EEG device while participants were reading. Secondly, they answered the questions about the recall of the details of the chapter they read and reading experiences in VR. Result of the research, we found that reading in VR had significantly higher levels of engagement and stress cognitive activity. E-book and VR experiences can increase the accurate recall of details more than printed books. In addition, VR can increase the comfort of the book reading experience by providing a personalized reading environment through the VR content that enables users to select their virtual environment.
Navigating the Financing Constraints: The Role of Social Capital in Developing Countries
Authors: Jabbouri Imad , Farooq Omar , Naili Maryem , Helmi Issa
Published: May 2024

This article uses data from 111 developing countries to document the effect of social capital on financing constraints faced by private firms. The results show that firms headquartered in countries with high social capital face lower financing constraints than firms headquartered in countries with low social capital. These findings are robust to a comprehensive inclusion of country-level and firm-level controls. We argue that social capital is instrumental in creating an environment in which managers are less likely to act opportunistically, thereby increasing the trust of capital providers in firms. Consequently, capital providers are more likely to grant credit to firms, thereby reducing the financing constraints. The findings also show that the relationship between social capital and financing constraints is moderated by firm-specific and country-specific characteristics. Firms with weaker fundamentals and firms headquartered in countries with weaker institutions are more likely to benefit from improvement in social capital.

JEL Codes: A13, G3
Key Account Management as a Differentiator in Trade-offs: The Case of Universal Heater Industries
Authors: Chintaluri Manoj Gour , Patra Sujit Kumar , Mandal Santanu
Published: May 2024

The case narrates a typical business-to-business scenario wherein the customer (Bodha Constructions) calls for a fresh tender for the water heater supply. Universal Heater Industries (UHI), the current vendor, has won the price agreement for three years in the past, and seemingly has done a terrific job. UHI is surprised by the turn of events on the fresh tender, as their previous price agreement gave them an entitlement to a 15% price hike after three years. The new development of a fresh tender with a minor specification change put UHI’s plans in a quandary. The case depicts the tactics played by a large customer in pushing a vendor to align to new expectations despite a pre-agreed price hike.
Tokenization and the banking system: Redefining authority in the blockchain era
Authors: Goghie Alexandru-Stefan
Published: May 2024

In the rapidly evolving realm of financial technology, blockchain integration has catalyzed transformative changes. This study delves into the intricate relationship between traditional banks and the blockchain technology. Drawing from the perspectives of International Political Economy (IPE) and Science and Technology Studies (STS), this study understands the blockchain technology through the lens of infrastructure, where power dynamics are constantly shaped by the entity wielding the strongest agency. This analysis delves into how traditional banks strategically leverage blockchain not only for technological integration but to exert control. Grounded in the concept of “power of social interaction,” this study reveals how and why banks secure a central position within this evolving infrastructure, dynamically influencing the interplay between technology and financial institutions. A focal point of this exploration is the tokenization process, which illustrates how banks actively engage with blockchain, seamlessly integrating it into their structures to shape the infrastructure narratives. By contributing insights into the implications of blockchain adoption by traditional banks, this study enhances understanding of power dynamics within financial infrastructures and their transformative potential, underscoring the process of infrastructuring governing the endeavor to attain a central position within an infrastructure.
Bridging the Digital Divide in Online Retailing: The Effect of a Strategic Focus on E-Commerce Fulfillment Offerings
Authors: Paraskevas John-Patrick , Pan Xiaodan , Elking Isaac , Park Kevin H
Published: May 2024

The digital divide is an area of significant concern as society increases its reliance on the internet for everyday tasks. Retail operations are no exception to this trend where the use of the online sales channel has become ubiquitous. As retailers seek to provide a high-quality customer experience across socioeconomic groups to maximize sales potential, they must find ways to bridge the digital divide and ensure consumer access to their products. Embracing resources and appropriation theory and the consumer transaction cost perspective, we hypothesize on the efficacy of strategically focusing on omnichannel fulfillment offerings and online fulfillment offerings as operational tools retailers can employ to expand access to their products and improve sales to the diverse populations affected by the digital divide. We contribute to the digital divide research in operations management by showing that a strategic focus on e-commerce fulfillment capabilities is associated with a reduction in the negative impact of the digital divide. We further disaggregate the digital divide into its two component parts, infrastructure deficiencies and socioeconomic factors, to delve into the nuances of the hypothesized relationships. The findings indicate that e-commerce fulfillment strategies are broadly effective at ameliorating the negative effects of infrastructural elements of the digital divide while overcoming the socioeconomic-related component of the digital divide is more nuanced. To further understand the complexities of the socioeconomic element of the digital divide, we disaggregate the measure and explore the impact of an emphasis on omnichannel and online fulfillment offerings to help alleviate the impact of the digital divide for the following vulnerable consumer populations: those who are in poverty, those who are over 25 and have less than a high school education, those 65 and older, and individuals with a disability. Our results show that while these vulnerable populations can be aided by carefully selecting which omni or online fulfillment offerings are available to consumers, not all fulfillment offerings are effective.
Moving Beyond Binary Measures of Gender in Political Ambition
Authors: Peterson Rolfe Daus , Palmer Carl L. , Bosanko Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

This research considers the effects of gendered personalities on political ambition. The sex gap in political ambition is a normatively troubling empirical reality. Ambition research is often limited by binary conceptions and measurement of gender and sex. Recent scholarship urges scholars to employ more nuanced measures, including gendered personality as a measure beyond sex. Using original survey research incorporating the Bem Sex Roles Inventory (BSRI), we explore how femininity and masculinity influence nascent political ambition. Respondents who score higher in masculinity are more likely to have higher political ambition regardless of sex. However, sex remains significant, as female respondents are less likely to express nascent ambition. The results have implications for understanding the sex gap in political ambition and how political behavior conceptualizes and measures gender as a variable.
Private and Confidential: Activism Poetry as Poetic Inquiry
Authors: Geers April-Rose
Published: May 2024

In this essay, I discuss my writing of a five-part activist poem, “Private and Confidential,” as a poetic inquiry that functions as a call to action. This poem rewrites/responds to an Iranian governmental memo detailing persecution against followers of the Bahá’í Faith in Iran. In this essay, I document my journey navigating the complex and often competing demands of poetry and politics, trialing writing techniques, and drawing on the work of Seamus Heaney and Michel Foucault. This essay contributes new knowledge to qualitative research concerning (a) the relationship between method and findings, and (b) how to achieve real-world impact.
Toward an Ethic of Adjacency: Defining Critical, Arts-Based Phenomenological Breaching Experiments
Authors: Link Beth , Lewis Tyson E.
Published: May 2024

The authors propose critical breaching experiments as a means to destabilize and render inoperative the white, male, colonialist gaze. We begin with an overview of breakdowns in phenomenological and critical phenomenological literatures and how this can be articulated within the breaching experiment model composed of four dimensions including collective and sustained breakdowns, hesitant looking practices, critiques of how bodies hold onto sedimented habits of seeing, and a subsequent new mode of seeing embodying an ethic of adjacency. We then discuss three critical breaching experiments conducted in our preservice art teacher education courses, highlighting the effects (positive and negative) on students.
Can (A)I Arouse You? The Impact of AI Services on Consumer Pro-Environmental Behavior
Authors: Guan Biyu , Li Xin , Luo Zhenshuo , Liu Pei
Published: May 2024

Previous research has primarily focused on individual determinants to promote consumer pro-environmental behavior in the hospitality industry, overlooking the potential influence of emerging artificial intelligence (AI) services. This study delves into uncharted territory, exploring whether, how, and when AI services impact consumer pro-environmental behavior. Drawing on social facilitation theory, we conducted four experiments involving 748 participants from the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. The results revealed a novel and unexpected finding: AI services significantly reduced consumer social arousal, consequently diminishing consumer pro-environmental behavior when compared to human services, with social arousal mediating this effect. Moreover, we discovered that individuals’ philosophical stance significantly influenced this mediating effect, revealing a mitigated linkage among consumers with computational philosophical stances. This research not only uncovers a previously unexplored negative impact of AI services on consumer environmental practices but also contributes to the growing body of knowledge in this domain.
Reservoirs of Nosocomial Pathogens in Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review
Authors: Osman Abdul-Halim , Darkwah Samuel , Kotey Fleischer C N , Odoom Alex , Hotor Prince , Dayie Nicholas T K D , Donkor Eric S
Published: May 2024

Background:

Nosocomial pathogens are known to exacerbate morbidity and mortality in contemporary critical healthcare. Hospital fomites, which include inanimate surfaces, have been identified as “breeding grounds” for pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. This systematic review aimed to deliver incisive insights on nosocomial pathogens in intensive care units (ICUs) and the role of fomites as potential reservoirs for their transmission.

Method:

An extensive exploration of electronic databases, including PubMed and Scopus, from 1990 to 2023, was carried out between 25th and 29th May 2023, per standard PRISMA guidelines. Information were extracted from articles that reported on fomites in the ICU. Studies that did not quantitatively report the fomite contamination, and those that exclusively took samples from patients in the ICU were excluded from the analysis.

Results:

About 40% of the total samples collected on fomites from all the studies yielded microbial growth, with species of Staphylococcus being the most predominant. Other prevalent microbes were Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida spp., Enterococcus sp., and Enterobacter sp. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) had the highest proportion of contaminated fomites. Among known fomites, the sphygmomanometer exhibited a 100% detection rate of nosocomial pathogens. This included E. aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), E. coli, and K. pneumoniae. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli, and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa were commonly isolated on fomites in the ICUs.

Conclusion:

Many fomites that are readily used in patient care in the ICU harbour nosocomial pathogens. The most common fomite appeared to be mobile phones, sphygmomanometers, and stethoscopes, with Staphylococcus being the most common contaminant. Consequently, the need for rigorous disinfection and sterilization protocols on fomites in the ICU cannot be overemphasized. Additionally, heightened awareness on the subject among health professionals is crucial to mitigating the risk and burden of nosocomial infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria.
Assessing Acute and Chronic Risks of Human Exposure to Arsenic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia Employing Body Biomarkers
Authors: Demissie Solomon , Mekonen Seblework , Awoke Tadesse , Mengistie Bezatu
Published: May 2024

Background:

Arsenic, a widely recognized and highly toxic carcinogen, is regarded as one of the most hazardous metalloids globally. However, the precise assessment of acute and chronic human exposure to arsenic and its contributing factors remains unclear in Ethiopia.

Objective:

The primary goal of this study was to assess the levels of acute and chronic arsenic exposure, as well as the contributing factors, using urine and nail biomarkers.

Methods:

A community-based analytical cross-sectional study design was employed for this study. Agilent 7900 series inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure the concentrations of arsenic in urine and nail samples. We performed a multiple linear regression analysis to assess the relationships between multiple predictors and outcome variables.

Results:

The concentration of arsenic in the urine samples ranged from undetectable (<0.01) to 126.13, with a mean and median concentration of 16.02 and 13.5 μg/L, respectively. However, the mean and median concentration of arsenic in the nails was 1.01, ranging from undetectable (<0.01 μg/g) to 2.54 μg/g. Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant positive correlation between arsenic concentrations in urine and nail samples (r = 0.432, P < .001). Also, a positive correlation was observed between urinary (r = 0.21, P = .007) and nail (r = 0.14, P = .044) arsenic concentrations and the arsenic concentration in groundwater. Groundwater sources and smoking cigarettes were significantly associated with acute arsenic exposure. In contrast, groundwater sources, cigarette smoking, and the frequency of showers were significantly associated with chronic arsenic exposure.

Conclusions:

The study’s findings unveiled the widespread occurrence of both acute and chronic arsenic exposure in the study area. Consequently, it is crucial to prioritize the residents in the study area and take further measures to prevent both acute and chronic arsenic exposure.
From subculture to mainstream: Nostalgia, criticism and negotiation in a fan community
Authors: Zhang Leticia-Tian
Published: May 2024

Extensive research has been conducted on social media and fandom, particularly on how digital platforms facilitate community formation and cultural production among fans. However, there remains a gap in understanding how these communities react to and interpret changes such as commercialization or mainstreaming of their platforms. This study addresses this gap by focusing on Bilibili’s danmu culture, a vibrant fan community that is transitioning from a subculture to a mainstream entity. The platform culture lies in danmu, a commentary system that allows for video-superimposed moving texts on the screen. Existing research on danmu mainly focuses on the mediated playful and creative audience participation. However, little is understood about the perception and critical evaluation of danmu commenting within its participatory community. This study investigates the vernacular criticism of danmu amongst users on Bilibili by analyzing user discussions around a remix video called ‘This is danmu culture!’. Findings reveal three overarching themes: nostalgia for past danmu creations, criticism of present danmu practices, and negotiation of danmu culture. Central to these themes is the commenters’ identification as part of an elite fan community that is gradually fading. Bilibili, once a sanctuary for anime, comic, and game enthusiasts, now finds itself caught in the tension between subculture and mainstream audiences, resulting in increasing polarization.
Examining the Longitudinal Association Between Positive and Negative Likelihood-to-Recommend Scores and Brand Growth
Authors: Dawes John G.
Published: May 2024

A topic of debate in business press and academic research is whether metrics such as customer likelihood to recommend predict revenue or market share growth. Empirical tests about this association show mixed results. Much of the work to date on this topic has used the Net Promoter Score (NPS), which has the shortcoming of inferring likelihood to negatively recommend from low likelihood to positively recommend. Also, most likelihood-to-recommend or NPS studies have relied on customer samples. The question of whether NPS data gained from non-customers can be used to predict firm growth has been less well-explored. While non-customers may have a lower propensity to recommend for or against a brand, the brand may have many more non-customers than current customers. Therefore, likelihood to recommend scores among non-customers could be an influence on firm growth, just as they could be among current customers. This study examines how firms’ scores on positive or negative word of mouth likelihood, from current, former and not-ever-customers, relate to future growth. The study employs likelihood to recommend and market share data over a 10-year period for brands in four industries: motor vehicles, supermarkets, airlines and QSRs (quick service restaurants/coffee chains) in the UK. Results indicate no clear association between likelihood to recommend (positive or negative) scores for firms, and their future growth or decline across the four categories. The managerial implication is that firms should be wary of predicating growth on high or improving recommendation/NPS scores.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Statements in Recruitment Materials: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Alahakoon Thilini , Beatson Amanda , Keating Byron , Mathmann Frank , Mortimer Gary , Worsteling Asha
Published: May 2024

Employers increasingly commit to embracing diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) in their workplaces. A key strategy for communicating this commitment is the use of DEI statements in recruitment materials, including job advertisements. However, this practice is ad hoc and is mostly viewed as a matter of compliance or impression management. This paper presents a systematic literature review of 39 studies published between 1994 and 2023 to understand the wider outcomes of using DEI statements as a recruitment marketing strategy. In doing so, it considers both employer and job applicant perspectives to outline goals communicated through DEI statements and environmental influences that drive the adoption of DEI communication. The paper also presents an agenda for future research highlighting critical observations and gaps that contribute to the progress of DEI discussions within recruitment marketing.
Analysis of performance and knock phenomena in a converted spark-ignition medium-duty engine fueled with different LPG formulations
Authors: Bermudez Vicente , Novella Ricardo , Gomez-Soriano Josep , Tolvett Sebastian
Published: May 2024

Since traditional fuels are being phased out, engine conversions to more sustainable fuels are being performed to address local regulations. Due to its potential to reduce CO2 and local pollutants, liquified petroleum gas (LPG) stands out as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. LPG chemical structure allows for higher compression ratios (CR) and improved thermal efficiency. However, studies indicated that increasing the CR may lead to knocking combustion. In this investigation, an engine conversion to LPG was analyzed using two LPG formulations, commercial propane (93.91% propane) and autogas (38.42% propane − 60.37% butane). First, using a numerical methodology previously proposed for estimating the event of knock based on the thermochemical characteristics of the fuel. Low-order methods are utilized in combustion simulations to estimate autoignition delay (AID) and laminar flame speed (sL). Second, an experimental validation was performed with a 4-cylinder turbocharged SI engine. It was tested with three different CRs: 12.45:1, 11.05:1, and 9.86:1. Simulation indicates that autogas exhibits a significantly higher tendency to knock compared to commercial propane. Experimental results confirm the occurrence of knocking when using autogas with a CR of 12.45:1, resulting in a 29% reduction in the engine maximum torque compared to commercial propane. Reducing compression to 9.86:1 minimizes the occurrence of undesired knocking. It also leads to a decrease in thermal efficiency by 3.8% for autogas and 4.5% for commercial propane.
Optimized compact finite volume formulation with dispersion relation preserving characteristics in structured space discretizations
Authors: Gutierrez Pimenta Braulio , Lopes André von Borries , Maldonado Ana Luisa Pereira , Bobenrieth Miserda Roberto Francisco
Published: May 2024

Computationally extensive fluid flow simulations usually require numerical schemes with a high degree of numerical precision, where high wavenumber and frequency capturing capability is desired in solutions with high physical fidelity. Numerical dispersion and diffusion errors must be reduced to a minimum in order to caputre low amplitude and high frequency flow aspects, such as flow induced sound waves and minor instabilities. Such schemes also must be capable of dealing with flow discontinuities, such as shockwaves and expansion waves in cases where the flow velocity stands near or above sound velocity. In this work the Dispersion Relation Preserving (DRP) optimization is formally extended to the compact Finite Volume (FV) framework where the error is minimized along a given spectral interval. This is done by equaling the resulting algebraic compact spectral optimized Finite Difference (FD) operators with the Finite Volume formulation with the desired numeric characteristics. Numerical tests are carried over linear and nonlinear governing equations models for one and three-dimensional cases, where the travelling Gaussian wave, the transient expansion wave and the smooth to nonsmooth step wave flows are considered. The proposed compact DRP FV schemes surpasses its counterparts in some numerical tests while maintaining comparable capabilities with other more basic schemes in the remaining numerical tests. Excellent broadband content capturing capability is observed, while possessing reduced numerical instabilities generation.
When design workshops meet chatbots: Meaningful participation at scale?
Authors: Yang Stephen , Dortheimer Jonathan , Sprecher Aaron , Yang Qian
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the potential of chatbots, powered by large language models, as a tool for fostering community participation in architectural and urban design. By taking a hybrid approach to community participation in a real-world mixed-use building project, in which we integrated remote chatbot engagements with face-to-face workshops, we explored the potential for a hybrid approach to scaling up the reach of participation while ensuring that such participation is meaningful, genuine, and empowering. Our findings suggest that a hybrid approach amplified the strengths and mitigated the shortcomings of the two methods. The chatbot was effective in sustaining the length of participation, broadening the reach of participation, and creating a personalized environment for introspection. Meanwhile, the face-to-face workshops still played a crucial role in bolstering community ties and trust. This research contributes to understanding chatbots’ strengths and weaknesses in participatory processes, both within spatial design and beyond. In addition, it informs future explorations of participatory processes that span different spatial-temporal configurations.
Initial Experience of the Covered Endovascular Reconstruction of Iliac Bifurcation Technique
Authors: Matsagkas Miltiadis , Spanos Konstantinos , Haidoulis Athanasios , Kouvelos George , Dakis Konstantinos , Arnaoutoglou Elena , Giannoukas Athanasios
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The distal landing zone in iliac arteries represents an important issue during endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR). The aim of this study is to present a case series for landing in the external iliac artery (EIA) during EVAR while preserving blood flow in the internal iliac artery (IIA) with the covered endovascular reconstruction of the iliac bifurcation (CERIB) technique.

Methods:

This is a single-center, retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients that underwent EVAR either for intact abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) or previous failed EVAR from December 2022 up to September 2023. Indications for treatment were presence of common iliac artery aneurysm (CIAA), short CIA, or endoleak type Ib (ETIb). For the distal sealing zone, we used balloon-expandable covered stent (BXCS). Primary outcomes were technical success and first-month patency rate. Secondary outcomes were endoleak and re-intervention rate.

Results:

Sixteen patients being treated with 20 CERIBs were included in the study. Four patients had a previous failed EVAR, while 3 patients were treated urgently for a symptomatic para-renal aneurysm. The indications for treatment were EIb (n=2), short CIA (n=4), CIAA with narrow lumen (n=3), and CIA aneurysm (n=11). Platforms that were used were the Cook Zenith Alpha (n=5), Gore C3 (n=2 and 3 limbs), Endurant IIs (n=2, and 3 limbs), and a t-branch device (n=3). Technical success rate was 100% with no adjunctive procedure. No death or re-intervention was recorded for all patients at postoperative 30-day period and at 6 months for 2 patients. At first-month CTA, patency rate was 100% (20/20), while in 2 patients that had 6-month CTA, the patency was also 100% (2/2). No kinking or stenosis was also noted. Two patients had ETIII after branched EVAR (BEVAR), 2 patients had ETII, and 1 patient had gutter ET in the area of the CERIB.

Conclusion:

The CERIB technique seems to be effective and safe in the early period. It is suitable with a variety of commercial endograft platforms. It may be a valuable alternative to iliac branch devices when there are anatomical considerations. Longer follow-up is needed to conclude for long-term patency and durability.

Clinical Impact

The distal landing zone in iliac arteries represents an important issue during EVAR while it is important to preserve blood flow in the internal iliac artery. The covered endovascular reconstruction of the iliac bifurcation (CERIB) technique is a technique for the preservation of internal iliac arteries during EVAR, while it is suitable with a variety of commercial endograft platforms. The CERIB technique seems to be effective and safe in the early period. It may be valuable alternative to iliac branch devices when there are anatomical considerations.
Forgotten Tides: A Novel Strategy for Bayesian Optimization of Neurostimulation
Authors: Foutz Thomas J.
Published: May 2024

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Re-do Hybrid Deep Venous Arterialization via the Popliteal Venous System: Conversion From a Deep Venous Arterialization to a Superficial Venous Arterialization
Authors: Malkoc Aldin , GnanaDev Raja , Kim So Un , Guan Angel , Perez Kevin , Lee Michelle , Dua Anahita , Schwartz Samuel
Published: May 2024

Deep venous arterialization (DVA) is a final option for limb salvage in patients with end stage arterial anatomy. We report a 66-year-old dialysis dependent male with forefoot gangrene, Rutherford class 6 chronic limb ischemia, who required a redo endovascular DVA. On initial presentation an angiogram was demonstrated a desert foot with absent tibial runoff to his bilateral lower extremities. After discussion, patient elected to trial DVA in hope of avoiding a major amputation. A hybrid DVA was performed using a Pioneer Plus and .018″ Viabahn stents from the peroneal artery into the peroneal venous system; following this, the peroneal vein was anastomosed to the lesser saphenous vein via an open posterior approach at the ankle. 3 months later, a second DVA was performed by exposing the above knee popliteal artery and vein and creating an end-to-side anastomosis. Of note, the great saphenous vein was less than 2 mm in diameter and no arm vein was available due to history of prior fistulas in bilateral arms. Via the popliteal vein, the posterior tibial vein was selected and additional .018″ Viabahn stents were deployed from the malleolus to the P2 segment of the popliteal vein. Three months after the second hybrid DVA, the patient’s forefoot had healed after split thickness skin grafting. Continued patency is noted of the re-do hybrid DVA with minimal calf edema. Newer creative strategies are required for “No Option Chronic Limb Ischemia” which is becoming more relevant in diabetic and dialysis dependent patients. This case illustrates the potential to convert a deep venous arterialization to a superficial venous arterialization for improved venous outflow and wound healing.
The Sensitivity of the Scapholunate Interval and Bony Landmarks to Wrist Rotation on Posteroanterior Radiographs
Authors: Campbell Maxwell , Schurmans Glenn , Suh Nina , Garvin Gregory , Lalone Emily
Published: May 2024

Background:

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of wrist rotation on the scapholunate interval in the posteroanterior radiograph and to identify radiographic landmarks on the posteroanterior projection that can be used to assess position.

Methods:

Eleven healthy cadaveric wrists were radiographed in the neutral position and subsequently were rotated and imaged from 30° pronation to 30° supination in 10° intervals. At each interval, the scapholunate interval was measured as well as the following landmarks: (1) the visible perimeter of the base of the hook of the hamate; (2) the radial-ulnar distribution of the dorsal nonarticular surface of the distal third metacarpal head; (3) the radial-ulnar distribution of the pisiform about the longitudinal axis of the ulna; and (4) the overlap of the pisiform and triquetrum.

Results:

The scapholunate interval was largest in the neutral position and linearly decreased by 34% for every 10° of pronation and decreased nonlinearly by 86% after the first 10° of supination. The appearance of the distal third metacarpal head was shown to be sensitive to both pronation and supination. The perimeter of the hook of the hamate and the distribution of the pisiform compared to the ulna were both shown to be sensitive to supination, whereas overlap of the pisiform and triquetrum was not shown to be sensitive to either direction of rotation.

Conclusions:

Our results highlight the significant effect of rotation on radiographic landmarks at the wrist, indicating that 10° of supination can drastically alter the developed radiograph.
Assessment of park paths and trails to promote physical accessibility among wheelchair users in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bakhsh Hadeel R , Chippendale Tracy , Al-Haizan Najat , Bin Sheeha Bodor H
Published: May 2024

Background

Individuals with mobility disabilities are less likely to meet physical activity standards and are at greater risk of developing non-communicable chronic diseases at earlier ages. Public parks are an essential resource for participation in physical activity. However, environmental factors may limit the participation of wheelchair users. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using the Path Environment Audit Tool (PEAT) and to explore the wheelchair accessibility of five public parks in Saudi Arabia through descriptive analysis.

Methods

A descriptive study design was implemented to evaluate wheelchair accessibility features of five public parks in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and process, resource, and management assessments were conducted. Phone GPS-App Strava was used to track the segments and measure their distances.

Results

Audits in multiple parks using PEAT were time-consuming despite being user-friendly. The descriptive analysis of paths and trails across the five parks showed some positive features, such as adequate bollard/gate clearance, but the path slope and condition of the path surfaces were more variable.

Conclusion

This study is the first to examine wheelchair accessibility in public parks in Saudi Arabia. Preliminary audits of paths/trials in five public parks revealed the strengths and weaknesses of accessibility and features that promote physical activity participation for wheelchair users. These findings can guide future use of PEAT in large-scale studies and inform environmental modifications.
Optimal deployment of the online monitoring equipment at the edges of substations considering spatial constraint
Authors: Xu Wenxiang , Tong Shaocong , Xu Shimin , Du Baigang , Liu Dezheng , Qin Tao
Published: May 2024

To realize the optimal deployment of online monitoring equipment at the edges of substations under the cloud-edge collaboration framework, an optimal deployment model of edges considering spatial constraints is proposed. In the model, the constraints including edge deployment point, line of sight, as well as device pose, etc. are taken into account. To achieve the one-to-many collection of the deployed equipment, a mathematical model is constructed with the objectives of minimizing the shooting distance and the number of edge equipments. And an archive based multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm based on improved trending Markov chain (IAMOSA) is proposed to solve the problem. This algorithm utilizes greedy clustering to initialize deployment points, and the improved disturbance step length with tendency is used to search the neighborhood space. Besides, polynomial fitting Pareto front is also used to select and guide the Markov chain and archive population. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm are verified through an experiment of optimal deployment of the edge equipments in a certain substation.
Prevalence and factors associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness among cisgender women of reproductive age in Burkina Faso
Authors: Ekholuenetale Michael , Rahman Semiu Adebayo , Nzoputam Chimezie Igwegbe , Okungbowa Osaretin Godspower , Barrow Amadou
Published: May 2024

Background:

HIV remains a global public health concern, and women continue to be disproportionately affected. Understanding the factors associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness among women is crucial as an effective HIV prevention strategy.

Objectives:

We investigated the prevalence and associated factors of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness among women in Burkina Faso.

Design:

This was a cross-section study that used population-based data.

Methods:

A total of 17,659 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) from the 2021 Burkina Faso Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed. Percentage and multivariable logistic regression model were used to examine the prevalence and factors associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness.

Results:

The prevalence of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness was 8.2% (95% confidence interval = 7.8%–8.6%). Women’s age was positively associated pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness. Women with primary and secondary education had 39% and 48% higher odds of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, when compared with women with no formal education. The odds of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness were 1.40 (95% confidence interval = 1.19–1.66) times higher among Christians when compared with the Muslims. Women who were exposed to mass media including newspaper or magazine, radio, TV, and Internet had higher odds of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, when compared with those without exposure to mass media channels. Women who have previously tested for HIV had 37% higher odds of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, when compared with those who have not been tested (adjusted odds ratio = 1.37; 95% confidence interval = 1.09–1.72).

Conclusion:

This study found women’s age, geographical region, education, religion, exposure to mass media channels, employment, and HIV testing to be associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness. These findings can inform the development of targeted interventions and public health campaigns to increase awareness and practice to pre-exposure prophylaxis, particularly among key population.
Negotiating local and global: Developing Social Science research ethics policy in a Central Asian context
Authors: Sagitova Roza , Syrgak kyzy Zarena , Parmenter Lynne
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses the issue of how local and global norms and requirements are negotiated in the early stages of development of Social Science research ethics policy in a Global South context. A review of relevant literature followed by analysis of relevant national and institutional policies highlights both tensions and creative potential for ongoing research ethics initiatives. It was found that safety, trust and confidentiality issues are common problems reported by social science researchers in Kyrgyzstan. National level documents do not directly address these ethical research issues, but the need for international research ethics principles is recognized. A limited number of institutional policies address research ethics issues, with the majority of relevant documents being codes of conduct focused on virtue ethics. The paper argues that this analysis of the current situation in Kyrgyzstan is likely to be of relevance to many countries, where those responsible for governance of research at all levels are grappling with the tensions of navigating research ethics in ways that are meaningful in local contexts while being congruent with Global North ethics requirements of funders and publishers.
1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivative: Photophysical, gelation, self-assembly, and Fe3+ fluorescence sensing properties
Authors: Zhang Tianren , Jiang Sitong , Wang Guizhi , Zuo Youpeng , Yu Shuwen , Zhang Qing , Hu Xueqing
Published: May 2024

A new 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative (BPOXD-B8) was synthesized. The emission properties of BPOXD-B8 in different solutions were studied. BPOXD-B8 could form organogels in different solvents, especially in methanol. The gelation and self-assembly properties of BPOXD-B8 were investigated by SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-dependent FTIR, and UV-vis. The main driving forces during self-assembly are π–π interaction and the van der Waals force. In addition, the BPOXD-B8 solution showed fluorescence sensing properties for Fe3+ ions. BPOXD-B8 with a relatively low detection limit (0.079 μM) and relatively small standard deviations (<5%) indicate that the present system is indeed suitable for real-life sample analysis.
Childhood eczema
Authors: Begum Dr Polly , Inamul Ahmed Dr Mohammed , Begum Dr Rukshana , Ahmed Md Yusuf
Published: May 2024

The terms ‘eczema’ and ‘dermatitis’ originate from Greek words signifying ‘the result of boiling over’ and ‘inflammation of the skin’. They are used interchangeably to describe a chronic, episodic inflammatory condition, which affects the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin and leads to itchy, irritated, dry skin. There are many types of dermatitis that can affect children, although the features, severity and course can be somewhat indistinguishable between the different types. Many types of eczema are acute-on-chronic with flares featuring erythematous, inflamed, dry skin with oozing and crusting. In chronic inflammation, reactive epidermal changes from prolonged and repeated scratching, can lead to skin lichenification, scaling and fissures. This article will explore atopic eczema, contact dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and nummular dermatitis. Prompt recognition and management of these common childhood eczemas is important to reduce negative physical and psychological consequences.
Comparative Study for Surgical Treatment of Acute Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmotic Lesions Using the Modified Suture-Button Fixation Versus Static Syndesmotic Screw Fixation
Authors: Jlidi Mohamed , Bouaicha Walid , Sbaihi Siwar , Gharbi Hedi , Lamouchi Mouldi , Mallek Karim , Jaziri Salma , Daas Selim
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Several techniques to treat acute distal tibiofibular instability are described consisting in static and dynamic fixation procedures. The aim of our work is to compare the outcomes of acute syndesmotic injury fixation between the modified technique of dynamic fixation using the suture-button principle as an efficient and low-cost method and the classic static fixation.

Methods

It is a prospective study including patients presenting with acute syndesmotic injury. After fracture fixation, residual syndesmotic instability was managed using syndesmotic screw in group A and dynamic fixation with a double Ethibond suture in group B. Functional results were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (AOFAS) score. Radiological evaluation was done by a postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan of both ankles and plain X-rays of the ankle after surgery and at 18 months.

Results

Group A included 20 patients meanwhile 35 patients were in group B. The reduction was satisfactory in the 2 groups according to the postoperative CT scan measurements. The mean healing time in group A was 49.65 days and 51.49 days in group B (P = .45). We did not find any significant difference in terms of loss of reduction in the 2 groups. The return to work was faster in group B (P = .04). Patients in group B had better AOFAS score (P = .03) and ankle range of motion than those in group A. The difference was statistically significant (P = .02 for dorsal flexion and P = .001 for plantar flexion). For group A, we did not note any early complications. Meanwhile, 7 patients developed skin complications in group B (P = .03). However, no significant difference was found in terms of late complications.

Conclusions

The modified dynamic suture-button fixation remains a therapeutic alternative in low-income countries that could achieve better outcomes than static fixation, with easy postoperative follow-up.

Levels of Evidence:

Level II