bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Clash of Civilizations
Authors: Denning Peter J. , Lyons Todd W.
Published: November 2023

The much-sought holy grail of more and faster innovation will come from integrating pipeline thinking and adoption thinking.
Bounded Degree Nonnegative Counting CSP
Authors: Cai Jin-Yi , Szabo Daniel P.
Published: November 2023

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) encompass an enormous variety of computational problems. In particular, all partition functions from statistical physics, such as spin systems, are special cases of counting CSP (#CSP). We prove a complete complexity classification for every counting problem in #CSP with nonnegative valued constraint functions that is valid when every variable occurs a bounded number of times in all constraints. We show that, depending on the set of constraint functions ℱ, every problem in the complexity class #CSP(ℱ) defined by ℱ is
either
polynomial-time computable for all instances without the bounded occurrence restriction,
or
is #P-hard even when restricted to bounded degree input instances. The constant bound in the degree depends on ℱ. The dichotomy criterion on ℱ is decidable. As a second contribution, we prove a slightly modified but more streamlined decision procedure (from [
14
]) to test for the tractability of #CSP(ℱ). This procedure on an input ℱ tells us which case holds in the dichotomy for #CSP(ℱ). This more streamlined decision procedure enables us to fully classify a family of
directed
weighted graph homomorphism problems. This family contains both P-time tractable problems and #P-hard problems. To our best knowledge, this is the first family of such problems explicitly classified that are not
acyclic
, thereby the Lovász-goodness criterion of Dyer-Goldberg-Paterson [
24
] cannot be applied.
Algebraic Proof Theory for LE-logics
Authors: Greco Giuseppe , Jipsen Peter , Liang Fei , Palmigiano Alessandra , Tzimoulis Apostolos
Published: November 2023

In this article, we extend the research programme in algebraic proof theory from axiomatic extensions of the full Lambek calculus to logics algebraically captured by certain varieties of normal lattice expansions (normal LE-logics). Specifically, we generalize the
residuated frames
in  Reference [
34
] to arbitrary signatures of normal lattice expansions (LE). Such a generalization provides a valuable tool for proving important properties of LE-logics in full uniformity. We prove semantic cut elimination for the display calculi

\(\mathrm{D.LE}\)

associated with the basic normal LE-logics and their axiomatic extensions with analytic inductive axioms. We also prove the finite model property (FMP) for each such calculus

\(\mathrm{D.LE}\)

, as well as for its extensions with analytic structural rules satisfying certain additional properties.
On the Malicious Potential of Xilinx’s Internal Configuration Access Port (ICAP)
Authors: Albartus* Nils , Ender* Maik , Möller* Jan-Niklas , Fyrbiak Marc , Paar Christof , Tessier Russell
Published: November 2023

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become increasingly popular in computing platforms. With recent advances in bitstream format reverse engineering, the scientific community has widely explored static FPGA security threats. For example, it is now possible to convert a bitstream to a netlist, revealing design information, and apply modifications to the static bitstream based on this knowledge. However, a systematic study of the influence of the bitstream format understanding in regards to the security aspects of the dynamic configuration process, particularly for Xilinx’s Internal Configuration Access Port (ICAP), is lacking. This article fills this gap by comprehensively analyzing the security implications of ICAP interfaces, which primarily support dynamic partial reconfiguration. We delve into the Xilinx bitstream file format, identify misconceptions in official documentation, and propose novel configuration (attack) primitives based on dynamic reconfiguration, i.e., create/read/update/delete circuits in the FPGA, without requiring pre-definition during the design phase. Our primitives are consolidated in a novel
Stealthy Reconfigurable Adaptive Trojan
framework to conceal Trojans and evade state-of-the-art netlist reverse engineering methods. As FPGAs become integral to modern cloud computing, this research presents crucial insights on potential security risks, including the possibility of a malicious tenant or provider altering or spying on another tenant’s configuration undetected.
Performance Investigation of FinFET Structures: Unleashing Multi-Gate Control through Design and Simulation at the 7 nm Technology Node for Next-Generation Electronic Devices
Authors: Valasa Sresta , Ramakrishna K. V. , Bhukya Sunitha , Narware Pallavi , Bheemudu V. , Vadthiya Narendar
Published: November 2023

In this manuscript, we outline a original study that represents the first investigation of its kind, focusing on DC and analog/RF performance of structural flavors of FinFET. A total of six structural variations (D1 to D6 devices) in FinFET as per the IRDS 7 nm technology node specifications is explored here. Through extensive simulations, our findings demonstrate that the incorporation of gate stack, spacer, and source/drain extension concepts in FinFETs leads to superior performance. The DC performance analysis produced near-ideal SS (∼65 mV dec−1) performance, lower leakage currents, improved switching performance, and reduced DIBL values for D3 to D6 devices owing to the incorporation of gate stack, spacer integration, and source/drain extension doping. In terms of analog/RF performance, the best suitable device is found to be D4 device having designed with 1017 cm−3 n-type lightly doped source/drain regions, spacer, and gate stack integrations. A significant improvement such as higher gm, reduced gd, enhanced AV, improved fT, GFP, GTFP, and TFP are obtained for D4 device marking a breakthrough in the FinFET designing. Overall, the findings contribute to the advancement of FinFET at 7 nm technology node, opening up new opportunities for applications in various electronic systems demanding improved device performance.
Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties of (1−x) YFeO3 + (x) Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 (where 0 ≤ x ≥ 0.005) Nanomaterials
Authors: Venkatadri Kolleti , Zarena D.
Published: November 2023

Continuous efforts are being made on YFeO3 (YFO) nanomaterial to improve the magnetization value in different ways for photocatalysis and magneto-optical application point of view because of low energy bandgap (1.8–2.8 eV). In this regard, we made solid solutions with Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 (SBT) nanomaterial in an effort to increase the magnetization value of YFO nanomaterial. Here prepared the (1−x) YFO + x SBT (where x = 0, 0.00125, 0. 0025, and 0.005) nanomaterials via sol-gel route, and thus obtained individually powders were calcined at 1050 °C/3 h. The single phase of YFO without any unreacted or impurity phases were observed up to x = 0.25 mol% via X-ray diffraction studies. Calculated average crystallite size as well as dislocation density suggesting that the improvement of crystalline nature YFO sample with an increase of SBT content in YFO. The improved magnetization value (4.121 emu g−1), which is 1.3 times higher than that of YFO (3.188 emu g−1), for the x = 0.25 mol% SBT in YFO was observed, however their coercivity (39.4 Oe) is almost similar for both samples. The computed optical bandgap was found to be reduced with an increase of SBT mol% in YFO. We draw the conclusion from this analysis that SBT in YFO (x = 0.25 mol%) will make promising candidates for various magnetic applications.
Resistance exercise lowers blood pressure and improves vascular endothelial function in individuals with elevated blood pressure or stage-1 hypertension
Authors: Banks Nile F. , Rogers Emily M. , Stanhewicz Anna E. , Whitaker Kara M. , Jenkins Nathaniel D. M.
Published: November 2023

This is among the first studies to investigate the effects of chronic resistance exercise training on blood pressure (BP) and putative BP regulating mechanisms in middle-aged and older adults with untreated elevated BP or stage-1 hypertension in a randomized, nonexercise-controlled trial. Nine weeks of resistance exercise training elicits 4- to 8-mmHg improvements in systolic and diastolic BP alongside improvements in vascular endothelial function and total peripheral resistance without influencing central arterial stiffness or cardiovagal function.
Biopsychosocial Profile of COVID-19 Patients Cared for in Public and Private Health Facilities in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Hashim Wafa Mohammad , Stanikzai Muhammad Haroon , Fazli Najibullah
Published: November 2023

Background. Over the past two years, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a staggering number of biopsychosocial deficits in the general population that have impacted the physical, psychological, and social aspects of their health and well-being. Objectives. This paper highlights the biopsychosocial characteristics of COVID-19 patients cared for in public and private health facilities in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed using telephone interviews of patients tested positive for COVID-19 between March 2020 and March 2021. The Pashto version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was administrated to all patients. Independent

t

-test and ANOVA analyses were used to assess the effects of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on DASS-21 total scores and on each subscale separately. Results. Of all 477 participants, the vast majority (95%) had characteristic symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever, sore throat, cough, and headache. Of all participants, 472 (99%) had symptoms of anxiety, 462 (96.9%) had depression, and 463 (97.1%) had stress. Patients who scored significantly higher on the DASS-21 scale were more likely to have female sex, old age, low level of education, spouse separation, comorbid medical conditions, and being admitted to intensive care units. Conclusion. This study confirmed the previously described epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with severe COVID-19. The results indicated a high burden of mental health problems in severe COVID-19 patients. Hence, we recommend that policymakers in Afghanistan take proper measures for the timely provision of efficient and quality mental health services during every disaster and postdisaster era.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viral Infections and Their Associated Factors among Diabetic Patients Visiting Debre Tabor Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Belete Debaka , Kassaw Dessie , Andualem Tesfaye
Published: November 2023

Background. Viral hepatitis is a global public health problem that affects millions of people each year, causing disability and death. Hepatitis B and C viruses are the most common causes of viral hepatitis and are associated with chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary site of infection for these viruses is the liver, the primary site of hormone and glucose metabolism closely linked to diabetes mellitus (DM), which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. As a result, assessing the coexistence of viral hepatitis and DM could be important in disease management, prevention, and control measures in DM patients. Objective. The aim of our study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of HBV and HCV among diabetes patients attending Debre Tabor Referral Hospital. Methods. An institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2021, to February 30, 2021. A systematic sampling technique was used for selecting study participants. Serum samples were screened with a rapid test kit for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infections. A pretested structured questionnaire was constructed to collect the data, which were later analyzed using SPSS version 23. Inferential statistics were used to evaluate the associated risk factors for the outcome variable. A

p

value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result. A total of 152 diabetes patients were included in this study, with 78 (51.3%) males and 74 (48.7%) females, with a mean age of 39.24 ± 17.90 years. The prevalence of HBV and HCV was 6 (3.9%) and 2 (1.3%), respectively. Most of potential risk factors such as, histories of surgical procedures, tooth extraction, hepatitis infection in the family, blood transfusion, alcohol consumption, body tattooing, and multiple sexual partners were not statistically significant for HBV and HCV infections. Conclusion. In this study, no association was obtained between sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioural factors and the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses. Furthermore, there is no significant association detected between HBV or potential HCV infection and DM. Despite these results, continuing professional training programs on HBV and HCV infection, including increased vaccination coverage rates for HBV, are required.
Numerical Study on Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Performances of Bioinspired Wings
Authors: Li Dichen , Wei Chuang
Published: November 2023

Noise control has become one of the key issues to be considered in modern aeronautical machinery design. Many efforts have been devoted to noise reduction of airfoils and wings, including traditional flow control methods. In fact, some animals in wild nature exhibit superior aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance, providing novel ideas for solving this engineering problem. In this research, bionic technology is used to obtain quiet and efficient wing. Inspired by the owl’s wing, we propose two bionic configurations, one coupled with leading edge waves and trailing edge serrations. The Large Eddy Simulation and the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings equation is applied to simulate the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of wings at low-Reynolds number flow. Numerical results demonstrate that the bioinspired wings have excellent aerodynamic performances and remarkable lower overall sound pressure level compared to NACA 0016 which has similar relative thickness. In addition, the unsmooth structure of leading edge waves and trailing edge serrations provide an additional 4.27 dB noise suppression effect, with little impact on aerodynamic characteristics at small angle of attack. The detailed analysis reveals that, due to the special owl-based profile, the flow around two bioinspired wings is mainly turbulent on the upper and lower surfaces, and no laminar separation bubble is detected at the trailing edge. Moreover, the unsmooth structure modifications successfully weaken the scale and scope of coherent vortex structures. These factors contribute to reducing the associated pressure fluctuation, thereby controlling the aeroacoustic noise of wing. Consequently, a coupled bionic wing is presented with the excellent aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics. The conclusions are envisioned to be beneficial to the design of new generation low-noise aeronautical machinery.
Cifras del Suicidio en Chile
Authors: Crespo Fernando , Oyarzún Valeska
Published: November 2023

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) advirtió en 2014, que una persona se suicida en el mundo cada 40 segundos (1). Mientras Usted lee estas líneas, alguien en algún lugar, entonces, ha decidido abandonar su vida por voluntad propia. Continuar leyendo...
Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Multifactorial Remodeling of the Cancer Immunopeptidome by IFNγ
Authors: Newey Alice , Yu Lu , Barber Louise J. , Choudhary Jyoti S. , Bassani-Sternberg Michal , Gerlinger Marco
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Figure and Table Legends 1-2
Data CRC05 from Multifactorial Remodeling of the Cancer Immunopeptidome by IFNγ
Authors: Newey Alice , Yu Lu , Barber Louise J. , Choudhary Jyoti S. , Bassani-Sternberg Michal , Gerlinger Marco
Published: November 2023

RNA, protein and peptide data for CRC05
Endoscopic Treatment of Colo-Colonic Intussusception in a Patient with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Authors: Fujima Takeshi , Saito Daisuke , Shibuta Hidenori , Ogihara Ryota , Morikubo Hiromu , Ozaki Ryo , Tokunaga Sotaro , Minowa Shintaro , Mitsui Tatsuya , Miura Miki , Hayashida Mari , Watanabe Yoshiko , Miyoshi Jun , Matsuura Minoru , Shibahara Junji , Ukiyama Etsuji , Hisamatsu Tadakazu
Published: November 2023

A 19-year-old man with a history of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and two previous partial small bowel resections because of intussusception presented with lower abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) showed concentric multilayer and cord-like structures in the transverse colon. Colo-colonic intussusception was suspected and he was hospitalized. After two therapeutic enemas were unsuccessful, a colonoscopy was performed. The intussusception was reduced and a 40-mm transverse colon polyp with a thick stalk was resected. After the procedure, his abdominal pain was relieved and he was discharged on the sixth hospital day. This case and several previous reports suggest that PJS polyps with tumor diameter exceeding 30 mm and location in the transverse or sigmoid colon can cause intussusception. Endoscopic treatment should be considered for these lesions.
Comparison of Clarus and Optomap Ultra-Widefield Imaging Systems before and after EVO-ICL Implantation in High Myopia
Authors: Han Xiaosong , Xu Yijia , Chen Zhi , Wei Ruoyan , Yang Weiming , Yu Zhiqiang , Wang Xiaoying , Li Meiyan , Zhou Xingtao
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the features of imaging differences between Clarus and Optomap ultra-widefield imaging systems after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation. Methods: This was a non-randomized controlled study. Ninety-two eyes of 46 consecutive patients were enrolled. Full-scale ophthalmological examinations were conducted preoperatively. All patients underwent Clarus (CLARUS 500; Carl Zeiss, Dublin, USA) and Optomap (Daytona; Optos, UK) ultra-wide imaging sequentially under the same circumstance preoperatively and 1 month after EVO-ICL implantation. A single image was acquired from each. Dx was defined as the distance between the upper furcation of the central retinal artery and the central fovea of macula. Pixels of the optic cup and disc and Dx as well as the optic cup/disc ratio were calculated and compared on each machine before and after surgery. Results: All surgeries were uneventful without complications. Safety and efficacy indices were both 100% at 1 month. Values of both optic cup and disc areas were in decrease after surgery with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001), while the cup/disc ratio remained the same (Clarus mean of differences = −0.0028, p = 0.83; Optomap mean of differences = −0.0016, p = 0.76). Dx of images captured with either machine was statistically significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Differences of both optic cup (p = 0.057) and disc (p = 0.041) areas of Clarus were more obvious than that of Optomap, while only the latter was with statistical significance. Difference of Dx of Clarus was statistically significantly larger than Optomap. Conclusions: Display ranges tend to be broadened after EVO-ICL implantation in both Clarus and Optomap ultra-widefield imaging systems, while Clarus shows a wider display range of the two, which encourages the application of Clarus when it comes to the detection of more peripheral retinal lesions.
Too Muslim to Be Homosexual or Too Homosexual to Be Muslim: Belonging Experiences of British Homosexual Muslims
Authors: Hlaimi Stephane , Littlewood Charlotte
Published: November 2023

This article shows that British homosexual Muslims face rejection and identity conflict between their homosexuality and their Muslimness. The opposition between Islam and homosexuality has created a feeling of exclusion, illustrating the assumed incompatibility between being Muslim and being homosexual. Homosexual Muslims face religiously motivated homophobia rooted in the heteronormative precepts of Islam. In parallel, they face Islamophobic attitudes in which Islam is now used as a form of civilisational opposition to the British values of tolerance and inclusion and the wider homosexual community see it as a threat to their very existence. Nevertheless, the results show that the hostility of Muslims toward homosexuality is evolving, and the heteronormative discourses are now coexisting with more neutral and even homo-friendly approaches. A new bicultural belonging among homosexual Muslims is being constructed to address individual strategies of managing both identities and is fostering new interpretations of acceptance of different sexualities within Islam.
When is a State’s ‘Hidden Agenda’ Proven? The Role of the Merabishvili’s Three-Legged Evidentiary Test in the Article 18 Strasbourg Case Law
Authors: Finnerty Joseph
Published: November 2023

The increasingly litigated Article 18 echr aims at unmasking the ‘hidden agenda’ pursued by states that proclaim to be restricting human rights for legitimate reasons, but in fact do so for an ‘ulterior purpose’. These complaints generate complex evidentiary challenges. This article investigates the evidentiary regime of Article 18 since the delivery of the Grand Chamber Merabishvili v Georgia judgment in 2017. It shows that this regime is composed of a three-legged evidentiary test requiring: (1) that the Article 18 complaint is a fundamental aspect of the case, (2) the identification of an ‘ulterior purpose’, and (3) the predominance of this purpose in the state’s overall motivation. The article argues that this three-stage test is sui generis, despite borrowing elements from evidentiary regimes, both from other Convention provisions and externally, and that it lacks clarity and coherency: facilitating a higher standard of proof for the provision, which largely burdens applicants.
7. Health Care and Information Technology
Authors: Ingram David
Published: November 2023

This chapter tells a story of seventy-five years of coevolution that has connected the practice of health care with the science and technology of information. It moves from experience of health care in the remote village life of my childhood to that in global village life today. It explores decades of transition onto a new landscape of disciplines, professions and services, played out within rapidly changing social, economic and political contexts. This transition has been described as turning the world of health care upside down, from an Industrial Age to an Information Age—the former grouped around service providers and the latter with a more patient-centred focus. Changing means and opportunities for preventing and combating disease have succeeded in saving lives and extending lifespans, albeit with increased years of ageing life often spent living with chronic and incurable conditions. The contributions of good nutrition, clean environment, shelter, sense of community and security to longer lifespan and healthier lifestyle, understood now in greater detail, give pause for thought about the balance, continuity and governance of health care services. Three contrasting commentaries on this era of change are introduced—from industry, science and social commentators of the times.

With the arrival of new measurement and computational methods, spanning from genome to physiome science and to population level informatics and now machine intelligence, the Information Age has pressured health services with continually changing challenges, characterized by what has been described as ‘wicked problems’, the nature of which is discussed. Wholly new industries, providing products and services for diagnosis and treatment, many of these increasingly offered directly to citizens, have grown in scope and scale. In an era when powerful new treatments have come with increased risk of harm to patients, ethical and legal aspects of care services and their governance frameworks have come under increasing public and regulatory scrutiny. The changing scenes of education, assessment of competence to practice, accountability for care services, clinical risk, patient safety and research, are introduced, all dependent on the quality of relevant sources of information. This kaleidoscopic image of change sets the scene for discussion of the increasingly centre stage focus on information policy.
Energy, Labor, and Soviet Aid: China’s Northwest Highway, 1937–1941
Authors: Baker Mark
Published: November 2023

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, China’s “Northwest Highway” was a major conduit for Soviet equipment to support the war effort against Japan. This article investigates the building and operation of the portion of this new motor route in Gansu province. While the Northwest Highway was a remarkable achievement in long-distance motorized logistics—and later became a lever for Nationalist state-building in the region—it came at a heavy cost in energy and labor and negatively impacted state–society relations. This article uncovers the multiple layers of energy inputs involved in the construction and operation of the highway, from organic human and animal power to the colossal fossil fuel demands of truck transportation. Many of these costs were imposed on civilian society in Gansu through corvée labor and requisitioning. To compound these burdens, this article argues, the Northwest Highway brought few positive spillover effects because of restrictions on civilian road use and the limitations of Gansu’s wider transportation infrastructure.
Pastoral Power and Revolution: Beyond Secularization and Political Theology
Authors: Stimilli Elettra
Published: November 2023

When stressing how ‘Christian pastoral power’ defined the specificity of ‘governmental power’, Foucault never explicitly acknowledged the German debate on modernity or theological-political issues. My hypothesis is that – whatever the actual reasons for this omission might be – this oversight is symptomatic of Foucault’s unique interpretation of the role of Christianity in Western culture and of his different approach to the theme of power. After analysing the positions of two of the leading exponents of the German debate, Karl Löwith and Carl Schmitt, the essay substantiates this hypothesis by looking at Foucault’s investigations of pastoral power. In particular, the essay aims to demonstrate how the latter’s apparent omissions are linked to Foucault’s challenge to two central questions in the 20th-century debate on modernity, namely: (1) the possibility of interpreting modern political revolutions as expressions of a linear and secularized vision of history; and (2) the centrality of the category of sovereignty in the definition of Western power.
Associations between admission levels of multiple biomarkers and subsequent worse outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Jia Wei-Li , Jiang Ying-Yu , Jiang Yong , Meng Xia , Li Hao , Zhao Xing-Quan , Wang Yi-Long , Wang Yong-Jun , Gu Hong-Qiu , Li Zi-Xiao
Published: November 2023

The modified Rankin Scale change score (ΔmRS) is useful for evaluating acute poststroke functional improvement or deterioration. We investigated the relationship between multiple biomarkers and ΔmRS by analyzing data on 6931 patients with acute ischemic stroke (average age 62.3 ± 11.3 years, 2174 (31.4%) female) enrolled from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III) and 15 available biomarkers. Worse outcomes at 3 months were defined as ΔmRS3m-discharge ≥1 (ΔmRS3m-discharge = mRS3m-mRSdischarge). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from logistic regression models. At 3-months poststroke, 1026 (14.8%) patients experienced worse outcomes. The highest quartiles of white blood cells (WBCs) (aOR [95%CI],1.37 [1.12–1.66]), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (1.37 [1.12–1.67]), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (1.43 [1.16–1.76]), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) (1.46 [1.20–1.78]) and YKL-40 (1.31 [1.06–1.63]) were associated with an increased risk of worse outcomes at 3 months. Results remained stable except for YKL-40 when simultaneously adding multiple biomarkers to the basic traditional-risk-factor model. Similar results were observed at 6 and 12 months after stroke. This study indicated that WBCs, hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-1Ra, and YKL-40 were significantly associated with worse outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients, and all inflammatory biomarkers except YKL-40 were independent predictors of worse outcomes at 3 months.
CCL5 mediated astrocyte-T cell interaction disrupts blood-brain barrier in mice after hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Zhou Shiyi , Liu Chang , Wang Jixian , Ye Jing , Lian Qianyuan , Gan Lin , Deng Shiyu , Xu Tongtong , Guo Yiyan , Li Wanlu , Zhang Zhijun , Yang Guo-Yuan , Tang Yaohui
Published: November 2023

The crosstalk between reactive astrocytes and infiltrated immune cells plays a critical role in maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. However, how astrocytes interact with immune cells and the effect of their interaction on BBB integrity after hemorrhagic stroke are still unclear. By performing RNA sequencing in astrocytes that were activated by interleukin-1α (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and complement component 1q (C1q) treatment, we found CCL5 was among the top upregulated genes. Immunostaining and western blot results demonstrated that CCL5 was increased in mice brain after hemorrhagic stroke. Flow cytometry showed that knockout of astrocytic CCL5 reduced the infiltration of CD8+ but not CD4+ T and myeloid cells into the brain ( p < 0.05). In addition, knockout CCL5 in astrocytes increased tight junction-related proteins ZO-1 and Occludin expression; reduced Evans blue leakage, perforin and granzyme B expression; improved neurobehavioral outcomes in hemorrhagic stroke mice ( p < 0.05), while transplantation of CD8+ T cells reversed these protective effects. Moreover, co-culture of CD8+ T cells with bEnd.3 cells induced the apoptosis of bEnd.3 cells, which was rescued by inhibiting perforin. In conclusion, our study suggests that CCL5 mediated crosstalk between astrocytes and CD8+ T cells represents an important therapeutic target for protecting BBB in stroke.
Obesity-induced Ly6CHigh and Ly6CLow monocyte subset changes abolish post-ischemic limb conditioning benefits in stroke recovery
Authors: Kim Il-doo , Ju Hyunwoo , Minkler Joseph , Madkoor Ahmed , Park Keun Woo , Cho Sunghee
Published: November 2023

Remote limb conditioning (RLC), performed by intermittent interruption of blood flow to a limb, triggers endogenous tolerance mechanisms and improves stroke outcomes. The underlying mechanism for the protective effect involves a shift of circulating monocytes to a Ly6CHigh proinflammatory subset in normal metabolic conditions. The current study investigates the effect of RLC on stroke outcomes in subjects with obesity, a vascular comorbidity. Compared to lean mice, obese stroke mice displayed significantly higher circulating monocytes (monocytosis), increased CD45High monocytes/macrophages infiltration to the injured brain, worse acute outcomes, and delayed recovery. Unlike lean mice, obese mice with RLC at 2 hours post-stroke failed to shift circulating monocytes to pro-inflammatory status and nullified RLC-induced functional benefit. The absence of the monocyte shift was also observed in splenocytes incubated with RLC serum from obese mice, while the shift was observed in the cultures with RLC serum from lean mice. These results showed that the alteration of monocytosis and subsets underlies negating RLC benefits in obese mice and suggest careful considerations of comorbidities at the time of RLC application for stroke therapy.
Long-term socio-psychological disaster impact after 8 years: Relationships between the persistent impact of the Fukushima disaster and individuals’ media and community connectedness
Authors: Kwesell Allison , Jung Joo-Young , Mai Lisi
Published: November 2023

Residents of Fukushima Prefecture continue to face trauma after Japan's 2011 nuclear disaster. While there remains a substantial presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the prefecture, and the majority of literature tends to view PTSD as an individual psychological disease that can be ameliorated; there is little understanding about how individuals experiencing PTSD influence their communities over time. The present research employs Barton's collective stress theory and Ball-Rokeach et al.'s communication infrastructure theory to examine multilevel effects of individual-level trauma and offers a new term, long-term socio-psychological disaster impact (LTSDI). LTSDI modifies pre-existing notions of persistent PTSD to a neutral understanding of experiences of symptomology and various levels of individuals’ impacts on their communities. Survey research conducted in Fukushima eight years after the disaster and analyses employing structural equation modeling found individuals experiencing LTSDI can positively contribute to their communities through community connectedness, a measure of interpersonal storytelling, collective efficacy, and civic participation. Implications of the study are discussed.
Elaborated Framework for Duplicate Device Detection from Multisourced Mobile Device Location Data
Authors: Kabiri Aliakbar , Darzi Aref , Pan Yixuan , Saleh Namadi Saeed , Zhao Guangchen , Sun Qianqian , Yang Mofeng , Ashoori Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Mobile device location data (MDLD) have been popularly utilized in various fields. Yet large-scale applications are limited because of either biased or insufficient spatial coverage of the data from individual data vendors. One approach to improve the data coverage is to leverage the data from different data vendors and integrate them to build a more representative dataset. To extract reliable statistics from MDLD, certain data preprocessing steps are crucial to ensure the accuracy of the analysis. One of these steps is the development of a framework to remove duplicated devices or several devices that belong to the same data subject. This treatment is especially necessary when using a multiplicity of data sources, as the same device may be captured by more than one data provider. We propose a data integration methodology for multisourced data to investigate the feasibility of integrating data from several sources. By leveraging the uniqueness of travel pattern of each device, duplicate devices are identified. The proposed methodology is shown to be cost-effective through a national-level analysis. The method is successfully applied to a dataset from January 2020 consisting of more than 270 million raw devices nationwide. Our findings suggest that devices sharing the same imputed home location and the same top-five most-visited locations during a month can represent the same user in the MDLD. It is shown that more than 99.6% of the sample devices having the aforementioned attribute in common are observed at the same location simultaneously.
Superior Capsular Reconstruction Combined With Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer Improves the Biomechanics in Posterosuperior Massive Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Lee Jun-Bum , Kholinne Erica , Ben Hui , So Sang-Pil , Alsaqri Hood , Koh Kyoung-Hwan , Jeon In-Ho
Published: November 2023

Background:

Surgical treatments for chronic posterosuperior massive rotator cuff tear (MRCT) are still controversial. Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR), which provides a static stabilizer to decrease superior humeral head translation, and lower trapezius tendon transfer (LTTT) with centralization of the humeral head, which prevents superior humeral head migration, are potential surgical options. To date, SCR combined with LTTT has not been fully investigated.

Hypothesis:

Restoration of static stabilizer and dynamic stabilizer together would effectively improve shoulder kinematics in posterosuperior MRCT.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A custom-made shoulder mechanics testing system was used to test 8 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders. The testing conditions were as follows: (1) intact; (2) posterosuperior MRCT (supraspinatus and infraspinatus removed); (3) SCR using the fascia lata; (4) LTTT; and (5) SCR combined with LTTT. The total rotational range of motion (ROM), superior translation, anteroposterior translation, and peak subacromial contact pressure were evaluated at 0°, 30°, and 60° of shoulder abduction. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests were performed.

Results:

The total rotational ROM, superior translation, anteroposterior translation, and peak subacromial contact pressure increased in posterosuperior MRCTs (all, P < .05). The rotational ROM, superior translation, anteroposterior translation, and peak subacromial contact pressure at 0° and 30° of shoulder abduction decreased in SCR (all, P < .05). However, there was no significant improvement in rotational ROM, superior translation, and peak subacromial contact pressure at 60° of shoulder abduction ( P > .05). LTTT resulted in a significant decrease in the superior translation, anteroposterior translation, and peak subacromial contact pressure at 0°, 30°, and 60° of shoulder abduction ( P < .05). SCR combined with LTTT restored the total rotational ROM, superior translation, anteroposterior translation, and peak subacromial contact pressure at 0°, 30°, and 60° of shoulder abduction (all, P < .05).

Conclusion:

In the cadaveric model, SCR combined with LTTT showed improved shoulder kinematics and contact pressures in the posterosuperior MRCT model compared with SCR or LTTT alone.

Clinical Relevance:

SCR combined with LTTT may be regarded as an alternative surgical procedure for posterosuperior MRCTs.
The Effect of Aspiration and Corticosteroid Injection After ACL Injury on Postoperative Infection Rate
Authors: Cantrell William A. , Cox Charles L. , Johnson Carrie , Obuchowski Nancy , Strnad Greg , Swinehart Dane , Yalcin Sercan , Spindler Kurt P.
Published: November 2023

Background:

Injecting bioactive substances into the knee is common in orthopaedic practice, and recently it has been shown to mitigate risk factors for posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Therefore, understanding the influence of these injections on postoperative infection rate is imperative.

Hypothesis:

Postinjury aspiration and corticosteroid injection (CSI) of the knee before anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) would not increase the risk of postoperative infection.

Study Design:

Cohort Study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All patients between the ages of 10 and 65 years who underwent primary bone–patellar tendon–bone ACLR by 1 fellowship-trained sports medicine orthopaedic surgeon between January 1, 2011, and September 8, 2020, at 1 of 2 major academic centers were evaluated for inclusion. A total of 693 patients were included, with 273 patients receiving postinjury and preoperative aspiration and CSI. A postoperative infection was defined as a patient returning to the operating room for an intra-articular washout. The intervals—measured in days—between the CSI and ACLR and between ACLR and the final follow-up were recorded. To further evaluate the infection risk in each cohort (total cohort; aspiration and injection cohort; no aspiration and injection cohort), the upper 95% confidence bound for the infection risk was calculated for each cohort.

Results:

There were no postoperative infections in the 693 patients included in this study. The upper 95% confidence bounds were 0.4%, 1.1%, and 0.7% for the total cohort, the cohort that underwent aspiration and injection, and the cohort that did not, respectively. The median number of days between the surgical date and that of the aspiration and injection was 34 days, and the mean follow-up for the entire cohort was 337.4 days (95% CI, 307.6-367.3).

Conclusion:

Postinjury and preoperative aspiration and CSI is a safe intervention that can be used before ACLR. Future studies with larger sample sizes, longer patient follow-ups, and multiple surgeons would be helpful to both better understand infection risk and better identify the influence of CSI on preventing posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
The hyperbolic paraboloid roof of the Teatro Regio in Turin by Felice Bertone
Authors: Ricordi Julian Martino , Romeo Francesco
Published: November 2023

The historical analysis of the structural features of Carlo Mollino’s Teatro Regio, built in Turin in the early 70s, gives evidence of peculiar technical and expressive solutions worth being studied. In addition to the well-known “special structures,” conceived by Sergio Musmeci, Teatro Regio includes a magnificent example of reinforced concrete doubly curved shell used for the lyric hall’s large-span roof. The roof was designed and built by Felice Bertone, an Italian engineer who devoted his activity to daring reinforced concrete design. In this study, the original theatre configuration is redrawn, modeled, and discussed based on archival documentation. This unique hypar thin shell concrete roof is thoroughly described focusing on its intertwined geometric and static features. Bertone’s roofing parametric modeling is eventually presented including a critical interpretation of its structural behavior carried out through qualitative and quantitative analysis. The Teatro Regio architecture with its innovative forms and structural solutions represents an outstanding example of Modern Heritage Architecture.
Examining the Pathways From Information Acquisition to Preventive Behaviors: The Information-Response Model
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Zheng Han , Huang Christine Yi-Hui
Published: November 2023

This study proposed an information-response model, which hypothesized that information acquisition determines individuals’ preventive behaviors during the pandemic through cognitive, affective, and instrumental processes. Through a two-wave survey ( N = 1,501) conducted in Hong Kong, results revealed that information acquisition was associated with perceived risk, perceived efficacy, affective response, and preventive behaviors. Moreover, source trust was positively related to information utility, which mediated the effect of information acquisition on perceived efficacy and affective response. Our research model contributes to theories of information behavior by highlighting the role of instrumental factors necessary for individuals to translate information into preventive actions.
“It's Not Something That I Realized Until I Started Working Here”: A Constructivist Grounded Theory of Knowledge Transmission in Victim Service Providers
Authors: Reed Shon M.
Published: November 2023

National estimates indicate that intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts people of all social demographics. Although IPV is a pervasive issue, LGBTQ+ individuals and heterosexual men note stark disparities in responses from victim advocates compared to heterosexual women. To highlight the influence of agency training on advocates’ perceptions of IPV and diverse survivor populations, interviews were conducted with victim advocates and constructivist grounded theory methods were employed. Analyses show that advocates undergo a three-phase process of learning about IPV when starting at their agencies. Advocate's narratives highlight limitations in training and the importance of workplace experiences in growing understanding of IPV.
The Structures of Caring
Authors: Lewis-Hunstiger Marty
Published: November 2023

The World Health Organization defines social determinants of health as “the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life.” This current journal issue has the theme of structural determinants of health. In 2016 ( Creative Nursing Vol. 22), we published 49 articles in four issues addressing Determinants of Health: Social Determinants, Structural Determinants, Caregiver Determinants, and Global Determinants. This editorial presents the highlights of those four journal issues, then connects each of the articles in this current issue to the theme; these articles reveal the systems and structures that support our caring from many angles, levels, and perspectives. Readers are challenged to recognize the potential, embedded in every system and structure, for disparities in the provision of our care.
Social reproduction, struggle and the ecology of ‘women's work’ in world-literature
Authors: Deckard Sharae
Published: November 2023

Building on the insights of feminist scholars such as Maria Mies, Wilma Dunaway and Harriet Friedmann that ‘women's work’ in the realm of social reproduction, particularly in the (semi-)peripheries of the world-ecology, often draws heavily upon natural resources and is thus preponderantly affected by forms of resource depletion and environmental crisis including water scarcity, land degradation, pollution and toxification, this article argues for an approach to world-literary criticism that incorporates the insights of social reproduction feminism in order to interpret how literature of the capitalist world-ecology mediates social reproduction. I contend that world-literary criticism can help illuminate the socio-ecology of gendered forms of labour, by analysing how bodily dispositions, subjectivities and habituses corresponding to gendered divisions at household and systemic scales are mediated in specific literary aesthetics, and recuperating the utopian prospects of how texts imagine forms of struggle as arising from the contradictions immanent to capital's dependence on the unpaid work of both nature and social reproduction. In particular, reading novels by Kamala Markandaya, Ousmane Sembène and Latife Tekin, I explore three different world-literary depictions of types of environment-making labour that have been gendered as ‘women's work’ – foodgetting, water-carrying and waste-picking – in order to examine how novels imagine the terrain of social reproduction both as a site of appropriation, violence and crisis, and as the potential ground for organised resistance.
No More Tears: Surgical Options and Outcomes in Hypothalamic Hamartomas
Authors: Karakis Ioannis
Published: November 2023

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Nonspecific Presentation of an Infected Aorto-Iliac Artery Stent Following Endovascular Revision and Stent Insertion
Authors: Ayyad Mohammed , Ayasa Laith A. , Shbaita Sara , Qozat Ahmad , Tessarek Jörg
Published: November 2023

Over the last few decades, the use of covered stent grafts became increasingly popular; as it plays a pivotal role in the management of various atherosclerotic diseases that are rising in both incidence and prevalence. Subsequently, vascular stent infections, although rare, are becoming a well-recognized complication with possibly devastating consequences, owing to the difficulties associated with its diagnosis and treatment. This has prompted significant interest in the condition regarding its pathophysiology, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and the possible implementation of prophylactic measures. We herein present a case of a patient with an infected aortoiliac stent 4 weeks after endovascular revision with atherectomy and additional stent insertion. The patient initially developed nonspecific symptoms and later developed a life-threatening hemorrhage, which was urgently controlled using a percutaneously inserted covered stent at the infected site. Definitive treatment using extraanatomical bypass implantation and an explantation of the infected stents was performed with excellent clinical response.