bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progress on the preparation method, physicochemical properties, and application of chitosan-based film
Authors: Liu Feiyang
Published: August 2024

The chitosan-based film, a cling film commonly used with wide application potential, is the focus of this research. Chitosan, a molecule that readily binds with other molecules, possesses the capability to enhance the physicochemical properties of the film when combined with other active substances. The progress made in enhancing the properties of chitosan-based film through the incorporation of other substances is a significant area of investigation. In this article, examples of improved mechanical, antioxidant, barrier, and water uptake properties are listed and discussed. Furthermore, the preparation method of chitosan-based film is thoroughly examined. Ultimately, the synthesis of the application of chitosan-based film in food preservation is presented.
Wind direction and speed calculation model with deep learning
Authors: Yu Bin , Tan Yu , Xue Hanlin , Li Peng , Sun Yuanyuan
Published: August 2024

In view of the problems of complex process and weak representation in regular atmospheric wind field detection, this paper adopts deep learning method, uses global high-altitude meteorological detection data, and establishes a deep learning model for calculating wind direction and speed with different altitudes and temperatures by using keras software package. The model is verified by using third-party independent sounding data from a meteorological observatory in Shanghai. The calculation accuracy of the model above 2000 m is 0.9830 and the value of loss function is 0.0482. The accuracy under 2000 m is 0.9164 and the value of loss function is 0.0377. There are significant differences in the performance of the model between under 2000 meters and above 2000 meters due to surface friction. The model shows that wind direction and speed of different height layers can be calculated by using only height and temperature at the same height. This model can also be used to check whether the quality of regular wind detection work is good or not with big old data.
The impact of integrated circuits’ performance in low-temperature environments on charging efficiency of chargers
Authors: Zhu Xiaopeng
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the current research status of chargers and lithium-ion batteries in low-temperature environments. Based on this, it provides a detailed discussion and analysis of charger charging conditions, lithium-ion battery performance analysis, the correlation between low-temperature environments and charging, and optimization design strategies for charging in low-temperature environments. The study reveals that low-temperature environments distort charger current harmonics, disrupt the power supply capacity of the grid, and reduce fast charging conversion efficiency. The paper elucidates the lithium-ion battery lithiation mechanism, lithiation detection methods, and countermeasures for lithiation issues in low temperatures. Besides highlighting the various adverse effects of lithiation on low-temperature charging, it also points out the shortcomings of detection methods and proposes appropriate strategies to inhibit lithiation. Addressing charging issues in low-temperature environments, the paper introduces charging optimization design strategies involving temperature-modulated current charging and genetic algorithm optimization. This research offers theoretical guidance and technical support for the design and optimization of chargers and lithium-ion batteries in low-temperature environments, further advancing the development and application of low-temperature charging technology.
Advantages and disadvantages of three common materials in dental use
Authors: Zhang Zhihan
Published: August 2024

Many patients who need dental treatment like dental crowns and dentures become more and more these days. The materials used to make these products are important for further use. Three main materials used in nowadays dental treatments for patients are studied in this article, which are metal materials, ceramic materials, and plastic materials. The advantages and disadvantages of these materials are shown in cases. Metal materials have high strength and less biocompatibility; ceramic materials have a natural-teeth exterior and high strength but are brittle and easily suffer a failure during biting hard items; plastics can be made for dentures and easy to change distance and shape during use, but it is easy to tear and has the highest chance to break. This study aims to draw a conclusion on most improvements in these common and traditional materials and shows up all the possibilities and risks to patients who need a specific material for their life and appearance.
Electrode design to improve the performance of batteries
Authors: Fei Annan
Published: August 2024

The development of electric energy effectively improved the lack of energy and the environment damage causing by fossil fuel abuse. Batteries, as a common electric power source, can be able to provide no carbon emission or polluted air compared to internal combustion engine and is now replacing them in increasing number of fields. Among them, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) hold the highest energy density and capacity, and own the most widely usage. However, their properties are still limited and confine the LIBs being used in more extremely condition. To solve the problems, scientists are now researching on every part of the LIBs, trying to create innovation and improve the LIBs performance. This summarize focuses on electrode design, summing up 4 types of electrode material choices researched by different groups and 10 manufacturing processes. Through them, the research will conclude the method of LIBs improvement and give direction for the further research.
Shaping society: The evolution and impact of silicon and steel technologies—Building the future: A comparative analysis of silicon and steel technologies
Authors: Yang Haoran
Published: August 2024

In the ever-changing technical world, this article compares the societal implications of two technological behemoths: silicon technology and steel technology. Silicon technology, best recognized for its role in integrated circuits and electronics, ushered in the digital age, revolutionizing the way people communicate, calculate, and conduct business. Steel technology, on the other hand, has formed the foundation of contemporary infrastructure and industries due to its strength and versatility. This research thoroughly investigates their economic, environmental, and social implications, providing light on their distinct and common contributions to society. It also looks into the astonishing history of silicon integrated circuit technology, tracking its route from Moore’s Law-driven aggressive growth to the current emphasis on energy efficiency and power consumption reduction. The paper’s investigation is critical in understanding the delicate interplay between innovation and social advancement, and it provides insights into technology’s transformational capacity. As we stand at the crossroads of these two technical domains, this research emphasizes the historical relevance of silicon and steel technologies, as well as their ability to shape our technological future. It enables readers to study the dynamic interplay between silicon and steel via a comparative perspective, exposing their revolutionary contributions and the intricate web of societal advancement they have woven throughout history.
Spatial and temporal characteristics and weather situation analysis of summer monsoon rainstorms in Yangjiang
Authors: Huang Xiaodan
Published: August 2024

The annual average rainfall of summer monsoon rainstorms in Yangjiang is highest in the southeast, decreasing towards the wings. Rainfall most frequently occurs in the early morning and around noon in June, with the western region experiencing the peak slightly earlier than other areas. Short-duration intense rainfall in the south occurs most frequently between 02:00 and 08:00, while in the north, it is more common between 08:00 and 14:00; the 6-hour accumulated rainfall ≥50mm most frequently occurs between 02:00 and 08:00. The weather situation conducive to monsoon rainstorms involves the stability of the South Asian high pressure at 200hPa over the Indochinese Peninsula, with Yangjiang at 500hPa ahead of the southern trough. During the early morning, the southwest monsoon strengthens from 925hPa over the northern Bay of Bengal to the northern South China Sea, pushing northward to Yangjiang’s land, creating the atmospheric conditions for monsoon rainstorms. Moisture primarily enters from the Indochinese Peninsula through the South China Sea, gradually increasing at night and reaching its peak from late night to early morning. The moisture channel and convergence height are below 700hPa. Atmospheric upward motion extends from the mid-to-upper levels to near the surface in the early morning, with the strong center moving from south to north.
Industrial and biomedical applications of slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces
Authors: Cao Zhilin , Dong Runjie , Li Jialu
Published: August 2024

Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) are biomimetic interface materials that consist of a porous structure or polymer network substrate with a high specific surface area and a perfused liquid lubricant. This surface has an extremely low coefficient of friction and a high degree of antifouling property, which can effectively repel various liquids, oils, ice, biofilms, etc. The tunable performance of SLIPS endows it with promising application prospects in various fields, thus emphasizing the importance of designing diverse SLIPS materials tailored to specific application scenarios in the future. However, owing to the inherent fluid properties of lubricating oil, the surface may encounter challenges associated with lubricant depletion during practical utilization. This review paper focuses on elucidating the principles, design strategies, and fabrication techniques employed for developing SLIPS materials in anti-ice applications, drag reduction applications, and biomedicine. Furthermore, a comprehensive summary of challenges encountered by SLIPS in different domains is provided along with potential avenues for future research to improve the stability and durability of SLIPS. In conclusion, SLIPS shows significant potential for diverse applications, yet necessitates comprehensive research to address its inherent challenges and extend its versatility and functionality across various domains.
Design of 2.5-3.3 GHz high-precision compact digital phase shifter
Authors: Zhan Huawei , Zhang Tianhao , Pei Xinyu
Published: August 2024

A 6-bit MMIC digital phase shifter, designed using a 0.5 μm GaAs pHEMT process, has been developed to enhance the search capability of phased array systems for targets. The chip structure of the phase shifter is well-designed, and the improved embedded topology of the 45° and 90° phase shifting units effectively reduces the overall insertion loss. To reduce the chip size, the phase shifting units with smaller layouts of 5.625°, 11.25°, and 22.5° are combined, greatly reducing the chip area. The results show that within the frequency range of 2.5-3.3 GHz, the input and output VSWR is less than 1.38, the insertion loss is less than 4.3 dB, the root mean square phase error of the phase shifting state is less than 1.43°, and the absolute value of the amplitude fluctuation for different states is less than 0.52 dB. The compact chip structure measures 2.45 mm×1.08 mm.
A buck converter with adaptive on-time control based on ripple compensation
Authors: Gong Yunyang , Dai Haojie , Chen Haichuan , He Jiangping , Xia Yankun
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a novel adaptive on-time control Buck converter based on ripple compensation. By superimposing high-sampling-precision inductor current ripples on the feedback loop, the ripple of the feedback voltage is enhanced. This approach effectively addresses subharmonic oscillations observed in ripple-controlled Buck converters, particularly when the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the output filter capacitor is low. The proposed control method enhances system stability and exhibits excellent transient response characteristics. Simulations using Simplis demonstrate high accuracy in the output voltage (with ripples as low as 2mV). The comparative analysis establishes the superior merit of this design.
Multi-Agent deep reinforcement learning based task offloading and caching in computing power network
Authors: Li Weidong , Cai Yunlong , Wen Wushao
Published: August 2024

Computing power network (CPN) can alleviate the resource bottleneck in mobile edge computing (MEC). In this paper, we investigate the caching-assisted CPN system for task offloading. A combination of policies such as task offloading and caching is considered to reduce the energy consumption of the system under the condition of meeting a certain delay. Besides, we propose an advanced deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm called Request Sensitive Multi Agent Soft Actor-Critic (RS-MASAC) algorithm to achieve minimal system energy consumption by obtaining the optimal policy. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm has better performance than baseline algorithms.
Research on key technologies for automatic planning of multiple links on a single node
Authors: Li Chongxiao , Li Chunfeng , Dong Yanlei , Li Zhuo
Published: August 2024

Aiming at the problems of slow speed and low efficiency existing in the traditional manual planning method of multiple links on a single node, which cannot fully meet the rapid deployment needs of communication nodes, this paper studies and puts forward two automatic planning technologies of single-node-multi-link based on shortest distance priority and minimum angle priority. This is an automatic planning technology that uses the shortest distance priority to determine the pairing relationship between the multi-scattering antenna of the local communication node and the far-end scattering antenna. It aims to solve the issue of cross-redundancy of distance in wrong planning. Automatic planning technology of single-node-multi-link based on minimum angle priority simulates manual planning mode. Using the concept of minimum angle priority, the pairing relationship between the multi-scattering antenna of the local communication node and the remote scattering antenna is determined. This is achieved by calculating and optimizing the minimum angle of two rays that are formed from the origin of the coordinate system of the local communication node to the local scattering antenna and the remote scattering antenna, respectively. Comparative analysis and simulation experiments prove that the two key technologies proposed in this paper can not only effectively avoid the problem of mutual interference between multiple scattering antennas in this node but also improve the efficiency of multi-link planning on a single node.
Comparative study of control moment gyroscopes’ steering laws
Authors: Gamal Haytham M , Desouky Mohammed A A , Ashry M , Esmat Hussien Ahmed
Published: August 2024

The Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is superior to other attitude actuators in terms of torque amplification capabilities. Its operating margin is hampered by the singularity problem, which needs the proper selection of a steering law. This study analyses five steering laws for avoiding or escaping different types of singularity; pseudoinverse, pseudoinverse with the null space approach, singularity robust (SR) inverse, generalized SR inverse, and new generalized SR inverse. This analysis measures the effectiveness of these laws in terms of attitude performance and command generation. Simulation results are provided to show the performance of each steering law, with an emphasis on the benefits and drawbacks of each steering law.
CFD Study of Novel Vortex Finder Pressure Drop Holes to Enhance Cyclone Separators Performance
Authors: Abbass Nourhan A. , Elsayed Khairy , Elnady Abdelrady O. , Elshaer Yasser I.
Published: August 2024

Gas cyclones are widely employed for the removal of dust and suspended particles from gases, but they encounter challenges related to pressure drop (ΔP) and separation efficiency (ηSep). In addressing these issues, this study explores the impact of incorporating vortex finder pressure drop holes (VFPDH) in various configurations—single column, double columns, three columns, and four columns of holes—each column containing 15 holes. These holes are positioned equally distributed in clockwise order in the z-y plane starting from positive z to negative y-axis equally distributed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses were conducted on 15 cases through different configurations, considering steady flow, isothermal properties, and incompressible turbulent flow with 8.809 m/s inlet velocity. The introduced modifications, involving the strategic use of VFPDH, lead to a significant reduction in (ΔP). Specifically, the single column of holes exhibited a remarkable 21% reduction in pressure drop compared to the case without holes. In contrast, the case with four columns of holes achieved a more modest 1.8% reduction. This underscores the substantial influence of VFPDH on the pattern of flow and overall gas cyclones performance. The study provides valuable insights into optimizing gas cyclone design for enhanced efficiency and reduced (ΔP), contributing to advancements in industrial dust and particle separation systems.
Heat pipe solar collectors: A Review
Authors: Radwan Ahmed. M. , el-wteidy Ahmed , Rashad Ahmed , Hassan Mohamed S.
Published: August 2024

In today’s world, the consumption of energy is quickly growing, and the exhaustion of non-renewable energy sources poses a significant risk to the entire human race. The importance of renewable energy sources emerged as a result of this, and solar energy is currently considered to be among the most promising and significant sources of clean and renewable energy. There has been a significant amount of work done in the field of solar radiation harvesting in order to make the most of it. This was accomplished by substituting the standard solar collectors, which are lacking in certain elements of performance and have a lower efficiency, with a modified solar collector that is superior to the normal collectors. Among the many modifications that can be made to the solar collector, the heat pipe is particularly significant. This review will present a variety of studies on the modification of heat pipe solar collectors (HPSCs) construction and integration within the systems, as well as an analysis of the performance enhancements that were made to it. Additionally, we provide a wide range of applications that make use of solar collectors that are shaped like heat pipes. In conclusion, we offered some suggestions for potential developments in the field of heat pipe solar collectors with regard to future trends.
Bulbous Bow Shapes Effect on Ship Characteristics: A Review
Authors: Mokhtar Abo El-Ela Ahmed , Mostafa Hussien Mohamed , Mohamed Elhadad Alaaeldeen
Published: August 2024

Hydrodynamic optimization is an effective and robust design method that is indispensable in ship hull form performance. Marine engineering and naval architecture have displayed significant interest in integrating bulbous bows on combatant ships. This review aims to gather and assess the existing knowledge regarding the effects of bulbous bow shapes on the hydrodynamic characteristics of combatant ships in terms of historical background, design principles, and impacts of bulbous bow shapes on ship resistance, ship motion in seaways, squat, and seakeeping performance. The review evaluates the effects of bulbous bow shapes on hull hydrodynamics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), model testing, and full-scale experiments. The text delves into the complexities of improving hull shape and how the bulbous bow design interacts with many operational factors like draft, speed, and sea conditions. This research offers scholars, naval architects, and marine engineers a comprehensive insight into the intricate effects of bulbous bow shapes on combatant ship performance. It aims to consolidate current material to enhance our comprehension of ship design and operation by identifying knowledge gaps and suggesting future research areas.
Optimization and improvement method for complementary power generation capacity of wind solar storage in distributed photovoltaic power stations
Authors: Lin Weixiu , Li Feng , Gong Junjie , Yu Lingwei , Lu Jun , Zhang Bin , Wang Ji , Wu Xutao , Ni Lei
Published: August 2024

With the increasing energy demand, distributed photovoltaic power generation and wind energy are used as new energy sources for sustainable development. To solve this problem, this paper optimizes and improves the distributed photovoltaic power station. This project will fully consider the complementary relationship between photovoltaic, wind and energy storage, and optimize the charging and discharging strategy of energy storage batteries. An optimal scheduling method based on fuzzy C-mean clustering is proposed to improve the power supply reliability and energy utilization of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems. The test results show that the output of the wind turbine and solar cell designed in this paper is quite high, and has good tracking ability. The research results of this project will provide an effective way to efficiently utilize wind energy and wind energy resources in distributed photovoltaic power stations.
Optimal dispatching of distributed photovoltaic system based on operating costs
Authors: Zhang Xirun , Li Siwei , Yu Long , Zhang Shuai , Du Yue
Published: August 2024

This article investigates the method of distributed photovoltaic optimal dispatching method. The goal is to minimize the operating costs of the distribution network system by coordinating electric heating and distributed energy storage when adjusting the demand-side resources of the distribution network. The analysis is conducted on the operating costs of the distribution network system under different penetration rates of photovoltaics to further promote the accommodation capacity of distributed photovoltaics. The research results show that when the penetration rate of photovoltaics is less than or equal to 90%, only electric heating needs to participate in the accommodation capacity of distributed photovoltaics; when the photovoltaic penetration rate exceeds or equals 100%, both distributed energy storage and electric heating need to participate in the accommodation capacity of distributed photovoltaics. As the penetration rate of photovoltaics gradually increases, the total operating costs and purchased electricity costs show a downward trend. When the penetration rate of photovoltaics increases from 70% to 100%, the network loss costs decrease first, but when the penetration rate reaches 110%, photovoltaics cannot be completely integrated, leading to an increase in network loss costs and dispatching costs. This method fully utilizes the flexible adjusting capabilities of electric heating loads and distributed energy storage, promotes the accommodation capacity of distributed photovoltaics, and improves the economic efficiency of distribution network operation.
Method for constructing typical operation scenarios in power systems considering spatiotemporal correlation of renewable energy generation
Authors: Bai Bin , Li Xing , Zhao Dongning , Li Jipeng , Han Mingliang
Published: August 2024

The proposed article focuses on developing a methodology for constructing typical operational scenarios in power systems considering the spatiotemporal characteristics of new energy output. The integration of new energy sources on a large scale into power systems can lead to issues such as line congestion and supply-demand imbalances. To support the planning and scheduling of future high-capacity power systems, this paper introduces a method that accounts for the spatiotemporal characteristics of new energy outputs. The method begins by proposing a spatiotemporal fusion-based multi-head attention model for generating new energy output scenarios. This model employs multi-head attention mechanisms to extract the spatiotemporal characteristics of new energy outputs, eliminating redundancy in the feature data. The processed spatiotemporal feature information is then transferred to a gated feature fusion model for integration, using an encoder structure based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to generate new energy output scenarios. The paper, by means of an advanced Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm, identifies typical scenarios of net energy output. Subsequently, the proposed method’s efficacy and precision are confirmed through simulation analysis with real data from a certain area.
Simulation analysis of overvoltage caused by grounded short circuit in the collection system of far-offshore wind farms
Authors: Cheng Wenjing
Published: August 2024

As the distance from the shore of offshore wind farms increases, MMC-HVDC technology is gradually gaining attention in its grid connection schemes. A broadband electromagnetic transient model of offshore wind farms with a total capacity of 800 MW connected to the grid via a flexible direct current transmission system is developed. After three types of grounded short circuit faults occur at different fault positions within the power collection system, the characteristics of overvoltage are obtained and they are analyzed on the basis of considering the low voltage ride-through capability of the direct-drive permanent magnet wind power generator. Combining the two factors of range and amplitude, the results show that the overvoltage phenomenon is the most serious when a two-phase grounded short circuit occurs at the converging busbar, which can be the focus of the study when setting up overvoltage protection.
Chronological DC transmission expansion planning considering new energy and load uncertainties
Authors: Wang Huaidong , Luo Long , Li Keyu , Xu Chongshan , Dong Jizhe
Published: August 2024

The integration of renewable energy into the grid and the expansion of new loads have significantly increased the uncertainty of the power system, which has brought many new challenges to power system planning. Hence, it is necessary to establish a transmission expansion planning model that adapts to future development to improve the economic benefits of power grid planning. This paper proposes a chronological DC transmission expansion planning method for new energy sources, such as wind and solar energy, considering the time characteristics of source loads. First, the method establishes a chronological DC transmission expansion planning model by simulating long-term grid operations. Among them, the objective function aims to minimize the sum of investment costs and power generation operating costs related costs. Secondly, to simulate unit operation, a loop optimization modeling method is used to optimize the model structure. Finally, simulation analysis is conducted using the improved Garver’s 6 bus system under random planning scenarios as a basis for comparison. By comparing various scenarios, it is concluded that the proposed chronological DC transmission expansion planning can provide a more economical solution than non-chronological planning. This helps ensure that the system operates cost-effectively under uncertain source and load scenarios while enhancing the integration capabilities of wind and solar power generation.
Parameter identification of photovoltaic current loop parameters based on parameter separation
Authors: Wang Haoyuan , Jia Ke , Jiang Yinying , Zhang Yang
Published: August 2024

Accurate control parameters are the basis for analyzing the fault characteristics of PV, but due to technical confidentiality reasons, equipment manufacturers do not provide accurate parameters, so they need to be identified. This paper aims to solve the problem of poor accuracy of the integration coefficient identification of a current loop with low sensitivity by proposing a parameter identification method for a photovoltaic current loop based on parameter separation. By analyzing the current response of the fault and fault recovery stages, the scale coefficient kp
and the integration coefficient ki
are separated and identified separately. Finally, a simulation system was built on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform, and the validity of the method was verified by using the simulation data.
Design and implementation of software modularization in T-type three-level inverter
Authors: Ding Qingshu , Dou Zechun , Chen Yanping , Fu Hangjie , Wang Jiayi
Published: August 2024

This paper addresses the issues of logical allocation state constraints, invalid state switching, and program redundancy in the software design process of the signal processor in the T-type three-level inverter. It combines the importance and advantages of modular thinking in software design to propose a solution method for software modularization based on functional analysis and hierarchical module division. The article presents simulation tests and experimental results of the software modularization of the T-type three-level inverter implemented based on FPGA/CPLD chips, validating the feasibility and effectiveness of this design approach.
Coordinated operation optimization strategy for multiple microgrids considering uncertainties in renewable energy output
Authors: Zhang Weizhong , Zhang Yuchen , Gu Ping , Yang Pei , Chen Yahua , Zheng Siqi , Li Kunyang
Published: August 2024

In the process of constructing a new power system with a focus on new energy sources, microgrids will be vigorously developed as an effective means of accommodating renewable resources. The synergistic operation of multiple microgrids, merging into a multi-stakeholder framework, is a method to strengthen the overall effectiveness of the system. However, existing Nash bargaining models consider relatively fewer influencing factors. To enhance the reliability and economic viability of microgrids, this paper effectively proposes a model that combines Nash bargaining with two-stage robust optimization. Specifically, the optimization model is divided into two stages. In the first stage, equipment configuration is optimized with the objective of system economy. In the second stage, uncertainties arising from renewable energy sources are considered. Subsequently, the two-stage robust model utilizes C&CG to obtain energy exchange values between microgrids. The Nash bargaining model is then addressed using the ADMM algorithm. Finally, through case simulations, the improvement in the benefits of different microgrids is verified to be in the range of 13% to 24%.
Investigation of changes in the modules and energy balance of polymer materials during mechanical experiments
Authors: Arutyunyan A R , Petruchok A I , Sudenkov Yu V
Published: August 2024

In the paper, the evolution of mechanical characteristics of structural materials in the process of uniaxial loadings are experimentally investigated. The energy balance was studied in a series of tensile and creep experiments of caprolon specimens, taking into account the division of the work of external forces into the energy of volume change and the energy of shear deformations. Simultaneous registration of heat release and changes in the coefficient of transverse deformations by the optic-acoustic method allowed us to estimate the contribution of volume changes and shear deformations to the energy balance during quasi-static loading of caprolon specimens. The obtained results demonstrated the contribution of shear deformations to the change of latent energy at the stages of linear and nonlinear behavior of caprolon during deformation.
Structure and mechanical properties of a composite based on titanium and a bioactive coating with a two-level surface relief
Authors: Zemtsova E G , Ponomareva A N , Kudymov V K , Arbenin A Yu
Published: August 2024

To develop bone implants using Ti materials, the issue of creating bioactive coatings that ensure their rapid engraftment to the bone is acute. The rate of fusion of Ti implants with bone tissue is significantly influenced by the degree of modification of the coating surface based on changes in the relief, chemical composition of the surface layer and mechanical characteristics of the implant. The structure and mechanical properties of a Ti-based composite with TiO2/Ag/HAp coating of an island-like type were investigated, which showed high bioactive properties of the sample. The paper shows that the application of an island-like coating on the Ti surface with a height difference of 0.7 microns does not lead to a deterioration in the mechanical characteristics of the Ti implant, and the hardness increases by 15%.
Averaged flow in a rotating flat layer at librations
Authors: Rysin K Y
Published: August 2024

One of the important areas in fluid mechanics is thermal convection; its study is an urgent task from the point of view of effective control of heat and mass transfer. With increasing energy consumption worldwide, improved energy transfer methods are required. Various complicating factors can either strengthen or weaken energy transport mechanisms. In the current work, attention is paid to the libration effect as one of the effective ways to control heat transfer in a rotating cavity. The experiments are aimed at a study of convective flows generated in a flat layer unevenly rotating around a horizontal axis. The flat boundaries are kept at different temperatures. It is found that the cavity librations noticeably intensify the heat transfer in a layer. The flow structure obtained using the PIV method for the cases of uniform and non-uniform rotation of the cavity is presented for the first time. The effectiveness of librations for the intensifying heat and mass transfer in a rotating hydrodynamic system is shown.
To the problem of controlled guaranteed search for a mobile object on the plane
Authors: Avetisyan V V
Published: August 2024

The problem of guaranteed search for an object moving on a horizontal plane, the initial state of which is known up to a given set, is considered. An object controlled by acceleration in space is carried out the search. It is shown that, based on the minimax approach, the considering problem is reduced to a problem of bounded control with a moving right end. Using the generalized Kalman’s method in an explicit form, formulas are obtained that make it possible to calculate bounded guaranteeing controls and the guaranteed search time. The results of numerical calculation are brought.
Description of step loads at high temperature creep of metallic materials
Authors: Saitova R R , Arutyunyan A R
Published: August 2024

In metallic materials under high-temperature creep conditions, the damage evolution occurs. To describe it, Kachanov and Rabotnov proposed the concept of damage. In this paper, the damage parameter is defined as the relative change in material density, serving as an integral measure of damage. By incorporating the damage parameter and the mass conservation law, are we formulated interrelated kinetic equations for rate of creep deformation and the damage parameter. The case of variable loads is crucial both theoretically and practically, as most structural components typically operate under such conditions. Therefore, solutions of considered equations are derived for the case of two-stage loading. The received solutions and experimental results on the creep of titanium alloy under variable loads at 500°C were compared. There is a good agreement between the theoretical results and experimental data.
Beam coupling impedance of the main extraction kickers in the CERN PS
Authors: Neroni M. , Barnes M.J. , Lasheen A. , Mostacci A. , Popovic B. , Vollinger C.
Published: August 2024

In view of the High Luminosity (HL) upgrade of the LHC, the
beam intensity must be doubled in the injector chain. To perform
reliable beam dynamics simulations, the beam coupling impedance in
the injectors, such as the Proton Synchrotron (PS), must be followed
closely by including all contributing elements into the impedance
model. The existing kicker magnets of the PS had been optimized for
large kick strength and short rise/fall times, but not necessarily
to minimise beam coupling impedance. Hence, unwanted beam induced
voltage can build up in their electrical circuits, with an impact on
the beam. The beam coupling impedances of the two main kicker
magnets used for the fast extraction from PS, the KFA71 and KFA79,
are extensively characterized in this study. In particular,
electromagnetic simulation results for the longitudinal and
transverse coupling impedance are shown. The critical impedance
contributions are identified, and their effect on beam stability
with a possible mitigation solution is discussed. Moreover, the
impact of the cable terminations on the electromagnetic field
pattern and possible mitigation techniques are presented, providing
a complete impedance evaluation of the entire kicker installation.
Study of Weathering and Rock Mass Quality using the Geological Strength Index (GSI) method on the Tuntun mine road Banggai Regency Central Sulawesi Province
Authors: Pachri Hendra , Safruddim  , Fajrin Muh.
Published: August 2024

The mining road in the Tuntun area of Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province has experienced a landslide. The mining road mitigation engineering is a concern for the sustainability of road use. The study area is composed of peridotite rocks which are included in the Ophiolite (Ku) rock formation, where these rocks undergo a very strong deformation process by showing the fractured rock conditions. The Study of Weathering and Rock Mass Quality Using the Geological Strength Index (GSI) Method on this mine road is the focus of this research. The Geological Strength Index (GSI) is a rock mass classification system developed to assist the inaccurate Rock Mass Rating System (RMR) in determining the quality of rock masses that have very poor conditions or have undergone very strong rock deformation. using the GSI value by using two quantitative parameters, namely the condition of the discontinuity plane and the density of the discontinuity plane. The value of the Geological Strength Index (GSI) at location points 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 is 32,17,12,2, 33.4 and 23. The rock mass value indicates that the rock mass quality in the study area has poor rock mass quality. to very bad. The results of this investigation become a reference in the method of handling slopes on mining roads.
Preliminary Conceptual Model of Hydrogeological System in The Pandanduri Dam and its Surrounding Area on the Lombok Island
Authors: Mararis D , Hendrayana H , Pranantya P A
Published: August 2024

the availability of water resources is increasingly limited and even tends to be increasingly scarce; an in-depth study of geological-hydrogeological analysis of springs and groundwater is needed to support various community activities. This research was conducted to determine the hydrogeological system in the Pandanduri Dam area and its surroundings. Geological conditions and geomorphology determine the hydrogeological system and groundwater flow direction patterns. Geological conditions were obtained by conducting field investigations, and groundwater level data was obtained by measuring dug wells from 36 points and measuring 13 points of spring locations. Volcanic sedimentary rocks and volcanic breccia dominate the study area. Three (3) rock units can be distinguished, namely (1) the Andesite tuff breccia – pumice unit is located in the southern part of the study area, precisely in the reservoir area, and (2) the Andesite tuff breccia unit dominates located in the southern part of the study area. The study area’s eastern, western, and northern parts and (3) alluvial deposit units located in the study area covered the andesite volcanic breccia. The aquifer consists of volcanic sedimentary rock and volcanic breccia with a sandy bottom. The 2D interpretation of the dam area shows that the sandy volcanic breccia unit has a resistivity value between 5 ohms - 25 ohms in the form of lapilli tuff sand interspersed with fine tuff, located at a depth of 8 meters below the surface. The pattern of the direction of groundwater flow indicates that the movement of groundwater follows the shape of the topography that flows from the hilly area west-northwest of Santong Village to the southeastern river valley of Pandanduri Village; geological and geomorphological conditions affect this groundwater flow pattern.
Hydrogeological assessment of groundwater potential and quality in Jabung village and its surroundings, Jabung sub-district, Malang regency
Authors: Aprilia Faridha , Wiyono  , Yudianto D. , Nurrahman F.
Published: August 2024

Jabung Village is located in Jabung Sub-District, Malang Regency, East Java. The groundwater potential of this area varies, there are areas with good groundwater potential (Krajan and Boro Kidul), but others have poor groundwater potential. In addition, an existing Integrated Waste Management Shelter (IWMS) has the potential to pollute groundwater. The purpose of this research is to analyze the controlling factors for differences in groundwater potential and to conduct mitigation of groundwater pollution due to IWMS. The collection of groundwater data, including groundwater levels and quality (TDS, pH, and temperature), was carried out at 49 points. Geological data were collected at 29 points, then analyzed and presented on a geological map. The groundwater flows from northeast to southwest. Based on the groundwater flow patterns, areas with good groundwater potential are in the discharge zone, while other sites that have poor groundwater potential are in the recharge and transition zone. The groundwater quality measured is as follows TDS values are <400 mg/L, the temperature is 24.5 to 27.7 °C, and the pH ranges from 5.95 to 7.67. The study area is composed of andesite lava, lapilli tuff, coarse tuff, and fine tuff. Differences in groundwater potential are thought to occur significantly due to groundwater flow patterns. Furthermore, it is necessary to periodically monitor groundwater quality, especially in the outflow zone of IWMS.
Advancements and challenges in plasmon-exciton quantum emitters based on colloidal quantum dots and perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Olejniczak Adam , Rakovich Yury , Krivenkov Victor
Published: August 2024

The Nobel Prizes in Physics (2022) and Chemistry (2023) heralded the recognition of quantum information science and the synthesis of quantum dots (QDs), respectively. This acknowledgment has propelled colloidal QDs and perovskite nanocrystals to the forefront of quantum technologies. Their distinct emission properties, facilitating the efficient generation of both single photons and photon pairs, render them particularly captivating. Moreover, their adaptability to diverse structures, ranging from traditional electronics to nanopatterned frameworks, underscores their pivotal role in shaping quantum technologies. Despite notable strides in synthesis, certain properties require refinement for enhanced applicability in quantum information, encompassing emission brightness, stability, single-photon indistinguishability, and entanglement fidelity of photon pairs. Here we offer an overview of recent achievements in plasmon-exciton quantum emitters (QEs) based on luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals. Emphasizing the utilization of the light-matter coupling phenomenon, we explore how this interaction enables the manipulation of quantum properties without altering the chemical structure of the emitters. This approach addresses critical aspects for quantum information applications, offering precise control over emission rate, intensity, and energy. The development of these hybrid systems represents a significant stride forward, demonstrating their potential to overcome existing challenges and advance the integration of QEs into cutting-edge quantum technology applications.
Cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Boarder Michael , Dixon Jane , Newby David , Navti Phyllis , Zetterström Tyra
Published: August 2024

This chapter highlights the importance of cancer chemotherapy. The exact cause of most cancers is still unknown, but underlying causes relate to mutations or damage to mechanisms that normally prevent errors from being passed on from cell to cell. The chapter then details the causes and classification of cancer and the common chemotherapy agents used to treat various cancers. Treating cancer poses a range of problems, mostly because it involves using drugs that are toxic to growing cells. The chapter notes how cancer cells also develop ways of avoiding the effects of chemotherapy treatment. It also considers the art in combining chemotherapy regimens.
Looking at the gender disparity in interventional radiology: a scoping review
Authors: Moffitt Courtney , Powell Eloise
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The underrepresentation of women within interventional radiology (IR) is profound. This scoping review aims to evaluate the current literature on gender disparity within IR. To uncover relevant themes and research gaps to inform future research and to recommend changes aimed at increasing application and retention of women in IR

Methods

A review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science was conducted. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to gather all relevant literature. Thematic analysis of included literature highlighted themes and commonalities between papers.

Results

Of 396 articles, only 15 met the inclusion criteria. Many papers were excluded due to their lack of relevance to the topic. Thematic analysis identified 6 themes radiation exposure, mentorship, male dominance, work–life balance, research, and early exposure to IR.

Conclusions

Recommendations relating to each theme have been made. Establishing a high-quality mentoring scheme, for medical students, is the priority. Followed by accurate information, regarding radiation safety and teaching opportunities provided by medical schools and placement trusts, to demonstrate the value of IR and the need for a representative workforce.

Advances in knowledge

With little research based primarily within the United Kingdom, this review has amalgamated results from papers published internationally to highlight potential factors influencing the gender disparity within IR. Realistic recommendations and future points of research aimed at creating gender parity that are appropriate towards both the United Kingdom and global institutions have been suggested.
Social determinants of health and hidradenitis suppurativa disease severity: a geocoded analysis
Authors: Shams Rayad B , McDaniel Philip M , Stitzenberg Karyn B , Sayed Christopher J
Published: August 2024

The relationship between social determinants of health and hidradenitis suppurativa disease severity has been minimally explored. In this geocoded, census tract-level analysis, we demonstrate that patients living in census tracts with high social vulnerability scores were more than twice as likely to have Hurley stage III disease than those in tracts with lower social vulnerability scores, after controlling for sex, race, body mass index, smoking status and age of symptom onset.
The additional photographed lesion in a teledermatology clinic for urgent suspected skin cancer
Authors: Louly Nathan Anusha , Hussain Khawar , Patel Neil P
Published: August 2024

This is an ethical dilemma case that discusses how to manage an additional photographed lesion in a teledermatology clinic for urgent suspected skin cancer. We discuss the ethical issues around maintaining the duty of care to the patient while operating within the scope of the service, respecting patient autonomy and upholding professional standards.