bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ ЖІНОК З ДЕПРЕСІЄЮ РІЗНОГО ГЕНЕЗУ ТА РІЗНОЇ ВИРАЖЕНОСТІ МАКРО-, МЕЗО- І МІКРОСОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ДЕЗАДАПТАЦІЇ
Authors: Isakov R. I.
Published: July 2020

Мета: вивчити якість життя жінок з депресією різного генезу та різної вираженості макро-, мезо- і мікросоціальної дезадаптації для визначення в подальшому таргетних мішеней персоніфікації лікувально-реабілітаційних заходів для цього контингенту пацієнтів.

Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 252 жінки з депресивними розладами: 94 особи з психогенною (пролонгована депресивна реакція, зумовлена розладом адаптації), 83 жінки з ендогенною (депресивний епізод; рекурентний депресивний розлад; біполярний афективний розлад, поточний епізод депресії) і 75 пацієнток з органічною депресією (органічні афективні розлади). 48 жінок не мали ознак психосоціальної дезадаптації, у інших 204 встановлено прояви макро-, мезо- і мікросоціальної дезадаптації різної вираженості. Дослідження проводили з використанням клініко-психопатологічного та психодіагностичного методів.

Результати. Встановлено закономірності щодо погіршення якості життя за всіма сферами при зростанні тяжкості психосоціальної дезадаптації в усіх сферах життєдіяльності. Найбільше ці закономірності проявляються при макросоціальній дезадаптації, а найменше – при мікросоціальній дезадаптації.

Висновки. Виявлено закономірності щодо погіршення якості життя за всіма сферами при зростанні тяжкості психосоціальної дезадаптації в усіх сферах життєдіяльності. Найбільше ці закономірності проявляються при макросоціальній, а найменше – при мікросоціальній дезадаптації.

Виявлені закономірності повинні враховувати при розробці лікувально-реабілітаційних заходів для хворих на депресивні розлади, що становить перспективу даної роботи.
The Role of Attention in Multisensory Integration
Authors: Mole Christopher
Published: July 2020

Evidence concerning the relationship between attention and multisensory integration has long been thought to lead us into a paradox. The paradox has its roots in evidence that seems to show that attention exerts an influence on integration, and that integration also exerts an influence on attention. This creates an appearance of paradox only if it is understood to imply that particular instances of the integration process must occur both before and after particular instances of the attention process. But this appearance of paradox can be removed if we can find a way to resist the idea that there must be fixed temporal relations between the instances of these processes. That idea can seem hard to resist if both are understood to be processes of the sort that are brought to a halt by their own completion. Reflection on a metaphysical distinction between different sorts of process shows this understanding can be rejected. The appearance of paradox is thereby removed.
Major and Minor Transnationalism in Yoko Inoue’s Art
Authors: Takezawa Yasuko
Published: July 2020

This article elucidates major transnationalism and minor transnationalism through an analysis of works by New York-based Japanese artist Yoko Inoue (b. 1964). Inoue engages in social criticism through varied media such as ceramics, installations, and performance art. Her works demonstrate minor transnationalism observed in the relationships she has built with other transmigrants and minoritized individuals over such issues as xenophobia and racism after 9/11, as well as Hiroshima/Nagasaki and related contemporary nuclear issues. Inoue also addresses the disparities in collective memory and narratives between Japan and the US plus socio-economic inequalities between nation-states and the movement of people/goods/money within Trans-Pacific power dynamics, all of which illustrate major transnationalism in the Trans-Pacific.
A new tiger beetle from the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae, Cicindelini)
Authors: DURAN DANIEL P. , ROMAN STEPHEN J.
Published: July 2020

A new tiger beetle species, Cicindelidia cyanipleura Duran and Roman n. sp., of the tribe Cicindelini, is described from the southwestern section of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Superficially, it appears to be most closely related to C. rufiventris (Dejean, 1825) but is distinguished on the basis of multiple morphological characters and behavior. Given the rock-loving natural history of the species, escape behavior, polished pronotum, and small body size, it may be more closely related to the petrophiles C. laetipennis (Horn, 1913) or C. politula (LeConte, 1875), from which it is distinguished on the basis of multiple morphological characters and biogeography.
New troglobitic and troglophilic syntopic species of Endecous (Orthoptera,
Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from a Brazilian cave: a case of sympatric speciation?
Authors: CASTRO-SOUZA RODRIGO ANTÔNIO , ZEFA EDISON , FERREIRA RODRIGO LOPES
Published: July 2020

Crickets of the genus Endecous (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) are frequently found in caves, in some cases presenting strictly subterranean lifestyle. In addition to the morphological diagnostic characters of the group, bioacoustic and karyotype, also help on delimiting species. Here, we describe two new sympatric species of this genus, which occur in the largest cave of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, using the morphology of phallic complex, the courtship song and karyotype. Moreover, we discuss the criteria used, the troglomorphisms for this genus, as well as hypothesis on the speciation process involving these species.
Street-level Repression: Protest, Policing, and Dissent in Uganda
Authors: Curtice Travis B. , Behlendorf Brandon
Published: July 2020

In many countries, police are both guardians of public safety and the primary instruments of state repression. Used to quell dissent, excessive police action can drive further collective action, leading to a repression-dissent nexus. Yet does repression spur dissent for all, or only for those already dissenting? We theorize repression by police causes political backlash, decreasing support for police and increasing political dissent. We argue these effects are conditioned by individuals’ proximity to the repressive act and support for the ruling party. Using a nationally representative survey experiment of 1,920 Ugandans, we find robust evidence for political backlash effects of repression across all demographics, regardless of proximity to the event. By examining the politics of policing, we show excessive police violence triggers political backlash, decreasing general support for the security apparatus and increasing willingness to publicly dissent for some populations.
Testing the High-Risk Behavior Model Among the Students Based on Religious Orientation With the Mediation of Fear of Death
Authors: Ghazaei Maryam , Foroughi Mahlegha , Saatchi Leyly Ramezan
Published: July 2020

Adolescents are at high-risk for adverse health outcomes associated with high-risk behavior. The present study aimed to test the high-risk behavior model among the students based on religious orientation with the mediation of fear of death. This descriptive correlational study utilized structural equation modeling. The statistical population comprised all senior high school female students in Mashhad. 200 students were selected using cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools included the Iranian Adolescents Risk-taking Scale, Templer Death Anxiety Scale, and Allport and Ross Religious Orientation Scale. The result of a structural equation model suggested that the relationship between religious orientation and high-risk behavior was mediated through fear of death. Furthermore intrinsic religiosity has a negative direct relation with fear of death and high-risk behavior, and extrinsic religious orientation have a positive direct relation with fear of death and high-risk behavior. On this basis, it was concluded that religious orientation influences high-risk behavior indirectly through fear of death.
Appendiceal fibroma in an Amyand’s hernia mimicking a supernumerary testis: a case report
Authors: Oyelowo Nasir , Halima Aliyu O , Muhammed Daniyan , Ibrahim Adekanbi A , Peter Ochogwu , Muhammed Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Amyand’s hernia describes the presence of an appendix within the sac of an inguinal hernia. Both an inflamed and non-inflamed appendix within the hernia sac have been reported in the literature with various recommendations on approach to management. However, a tumour of the appendix is a rare finding in an Amyand’s hernia. We hereby report the unusual presentation of a fibroma of the appendix complicating the rare Amyand’s hernia in a young man with a scrotal mass.
The innate immune system and neurogenesis as modulating mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy in pre-clinical studies
Authors: Giacobbe Juliette , Pariante Carmine M , Borsini Alessandra
Published: July 2020

Background:

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a powerful and fast-acting anti-depressant strategy, often used in treatment-resistant patients. In turn, patients with treatment-resistant depression often present an increased inflammatory response. The impact of ECT on several pathophysiological mechanisms of depression has been investigated, with a focus which has largely been on cellular and synaptic plasticity. Although changes in the immune system are known to influence neurogenesis, these processes have principally been explored independently from each other in the context of ECT.

Objective:

The aim of this review was to compare the time-dependent consequences of acute and chronic ECT on concomitant innate immune system and neurogenesis-related outcomes measured in the central nervous system in pre-clinical studies.

Results:

During the few hours following acute electroconvulsive shock (ECS), the expression of the astrocytic reactivity marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and inflammatory genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), were significantly increased together with the neurogenic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cell proliferation. Similarly, chronic ECS caused an initial upregulation of the same astrocytic marker, immune genes, and neurogenic factors. Interestingly, over time, inflammation appeared to be dampened, while glial activation and neurogenesis were maintained, after either acute or chronic ECS.

Conclusion:

Regardless of treatment duration ECS would seemingly trigger a rapid increase in inflammatory molecules, dampened over time, as well as a long-lasting activation of astrocytes and production of growth and neurotrophic factors, leading to cell proliferation. This suggests that both innate immune system response and neurogenesis might contribute to the efficacy of ECT.
A Pilot Evaluation of an Intervention to Improve Social Reactions to Sexual and Partner Violence Disclosures
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Waterman Emily A. , Ullman Sarah E. , Rodriguez Lindsey M. , Dardis Christina M. , Dworkin Emily R.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an intervention ( Supporting Survivors and Self [SSS]) created to increase positive social reactions and decrease negative social reactions to sexual assault and partner violence disclosures among informal support disclosure recipients. Participants were 1,268 college students from a medium-sized New England university who completed an online baseline survey and were assigned to either the treatment or control condition. The SSS intervention trained potential informal supports on what to say and not to say to disclosure recipients. Six months after the SSS intervention, participants in both conditions completed the follow-up survey online. Although intentions to provide positive social reactions significantly increased among participants in the treatment group compared with the control group and there were marginally significant effects in the anticipated directions for alcohol-specific intended social reactions, no overall difference was observed across conditions in actual social reactions provided. Moderation analyses suggested that, in general, the SSS intervention was more effective on various outcomes for students who were younger, male, non-White, sexual minorities, and/or non-victims. Moderation analyses also suggested that the intervention varied in efficacy depending on the circumstances of the disclosure. Despite the mixed outcomes of the SSS intervention, these data suggest that the SSS intervention was effective in improving social reactions for some students and under some circumstances. Future research is needed to further refine the SSS intervention to bolster its effectiveness in reducing negative social reactions and increasing positive social reactions for all students.
Age and Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Actual and Perceived Body
Authors: Lee Jooyeon , Nam Yun-Ja , Park Jinhee
Published: July 2020

We analyzed the relationship between actual and perceived body, the effect of body shape on this relationship, and age and gender differences within it. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using body measurement data of 6,172 Koreans aged 15–69 years, in addition to a survey about perceived body types. We determined the body perception type according to the congruence between perceived and actual body. Using the body proportion index, we identified whether there were physical features depending on perception type. Women perceived their bodies more objectively than did men and eased their physical evaluation standards in their 50s. On the other hand, men tended to underestimate their obesity levels since their youth. In addition, participants underestimating their bodies had a high body mass index. These results provide an overall understanding of the tendency to perceive the body differently by age and gender and may be used as a reference in clothing design.
Electroencephalographic analysis of brain activity after interventions with transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor cortex: a systematic review
Authors: Lopes Jamile Benite Palma , Miziara Isabela Marques , Kahani Danial , Cordeiro Lorraine Barbosa , Fonseca Junior Paulo Roberto , Lazzari Roberta Delasta , Naves Eduardo Lázaro Martins , Conway Bernard Arthur , Santos Oliveira Claudia
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine processes and procedures for the analysis of the behavior of brain signals in clinical trials before and after different intervention protocols involving transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In this study, PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for original articles describing clinical trials that used electroencephalography to analyze the behavior of brain signals after submitted to transcranial direct current stimulation. Searches were conducted with MeSH terms for clinical trials to determine the behavior of brain activity over time through evaluations performed before and after a period of intervention involving tDCS. The search was limited to articles published in English in the last ten years. It was found 257 articles during the initial search, where 14 of which were submitted to an appraisal of methodological quality, and 4 were considered to have adequate quality. Based on the results, there is inconsistency in the processes and procedures used for the acquisition of brain signals, even when limiting the search to clinical trials offering an analysis of evaluations performed before and after clinical interventions. Moreover, researchers seek to offer guidance regarding the acquisition of electroencephalography (EEG) signals to favor the quality of the data but fail to standardize regions for these acquisitions in the analysis of the results of tDCS.
Language, Aggression, and Self-Regulation in Young Children
Authors: Clark Robert , Menna Rosanne , McAndrew Annamaria J. , Johnson Emily M.
Published: July 2020

Aggression in early childhood has been found to predict negative outcomes later in life, including delinquency and psychopathology. The present study explored associations between young children’s language, self-regulation, and physical aggression. A community sample of 126 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years ( M = 4.87 years, SD = 0.87; 59% boys) and their mothers participated in the study. Children’s physical aggression and self-regulation were measured by the parents’ report. Children completed measures of intelligence and language. Their language abilities negatively predicted physical aggression. Children’s self-regulation—specifically, inhibitory self-control and emergent metacognition—mediated the relationship between language and physical aggression. The results suggest that, among young children, physical aggression is related to an understanding of language meaning and how that understanding is used to interpret and communicate. The specific language delays implicated may lead to physical aggression through a lag in inhibitory self-control and emergent metacognition. Implications of these findings for assessment and early intervention are highlighted.
A nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear inertial vibration isolator
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Hao-Xuan , Cheng Chun , Ding Hu , Chen Li-Qun
Published: July 2020

A nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear inertial vibration isolator is proposed in this article. It consists of an inerter, a damper, and spring elements. The nonlinear stiffness characteristic is achieved through a negative stiffness structure based on the diamond-shaped structure that generates nonlinear displacement terms. The nonlinear inertial characteristic is implemented via a geometrical nonlinear inerter that produces a nonlinear acceleration term and a nonlinear quadratic velocity term. An averaging method is developed to analyze approximately the dynamic response. The isolation performance is evaluated using four performance criteria: dynamic displacement peak, force transmissibility peak, isolation frequency band, and high-frequency force transmissibility. The effects of the nonlinear inertial characteristic on the dynamic response and isolation performance are examined. The results show that the backbone curve of the nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear inertial vibration isolator has two changing trends: bending first to the right and then to the left and bending directly to the left. The corresponding frequency response curve displays linear, hardening, and softening characteristics. The isolation performance of the nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear inertial vibration isolator is compared with that of the nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear stiffness and linear inertial ones. It could achieve a smaller force transmissibility peak, lower resonant frequency, and larger isolation frequency band than the nonlinear stiffness one and could have smaller dynamic displacement peak and smaller high-frequency force transmissibility than the nonlinear stiffness and linear inertial one. The proposed nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear inertial vibration isolator achieves a better integrated isolation performance among the three vibration isolators.
Practicality Assessment of the Improved ICT-Based Dementia Care Mapping Support System
Authors: Yamamoto Hirotoshi , Yokokohji Yasuyoshi , Ishihara Tetsuro
Published: July 2020

Objectives:

Authors have developed an ICT (Information-Communication Technology)-based Dementia Care Mapping (DCM™) support system and assessed its usefulness previously using videos. The aim of this study is to evaluate practicality of the improved support system by actual mapping.

Methods:

We obtained highly reliable mapping data by a team of 3 mappers (M1, M2, and M3), who mapped 5 elderly people with dementia continuously over 4 hours in 2 sites. M1 mapped by conventional paper-based DCM™, while M2 and M3 mapped using the support system. Collected mapping data (n = 8, total of 232.5 hours = 2790 time frames) were compared.

Results:

The concordance rates between M1 and M2/M3 were over 70%; the required level for DCM™ evaluation purposes, with 1 exception. We also obtained users’ positive ratings regarding the system usability.

Conclusion:

Practicality of the ICT-based DCM™ support system was confirmed for evaluation purposes, demonstrating the system is ready for practical use.
Community leaders as intermediaries: How everyday practices create and sustain leadership in five informal settlements in Cape Town
Authors: Vivier Elmé , Sanchez-Betancourt Diana
Published: July 2020

Community leaders are expected to navigate different social and institutional contexts, but they must do so without the direction, authority or legitimacy available to leaders within formal organisations. In this article, we draw on qualitative data from a participation initiative to explore how community leaders get involved in everyday maintenance of public services in informal settlements in Cape Town, in order to understand how they fulfil this intermediary role. Applying the lens of leadership-as-practice, we identify four practices that connect the communities and city, and which facilitate access to public services. We unpack how these practices emerge in and are shaped by the service maintenance system and material conditions of informality. We argue that community leaders fulfil their intermediary role through everyday improvisations to find ‘what works’, and in the process, they also create and sustain relations of dependence and interdependence that reinforce those very roles.
Predicting Odontogenic Sinusitis in Unilateral Sinus Disease: A Prospective, Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Goyal Vinay K. , Ahmad Abid , Turfe Zaahir , Peterson Edward I. , Craig John R.
Published: July 2020

Background

Odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) is a common cause of unilateral sinus disease (USD), but can be challenging to diagnose due to nonspecific clinical presentations, potentially subtle to absent dental pathology on sinus computed tomography (CT), and underrepresentation in the sinusitis literature.

Objective

Identify sinonasal clinical variables predictive of ODS in patients presenting with unilateral maxillary sinus opacification on sinus CT.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted on 131 consecutive patients with USD and at least partial or complete maxillary sinus opacification on sinus CT. Patients’ demographics, sinonasal symptoms (anterior and posterior drainage, nasal obstruction, facial pressure, smell loss, and foul smell), 22-item sinonasal outcome test, nasal endoscopy findings, CT findings, and histopathology were collected. Patients’ diagnoses included ODS, chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps, and inverted papilloma. Demographic and clinical data were compared between patients with unilateral ODS and non-odontogenic disease using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Of the 131 USD patients, 65 had ODS and 66 had non-odontogenic disease. The following variables were significantly associated with unilateral ODS on multivariate analysis: middle meatal pus on endoscopy (OR= 17.67, 95% CI-5.69, 54.87; p = 0.001), foul smell (OR= 6.11, 95% CI-1.64, 22.82; p=.007), facial pressure (OR= 3.55, 95% CI-1.25, 10.12; p = 0.018), and any frontal opacification on CT (OR= 5.19, 95% CI-1.68, 16.06; p = 0.004). Any sphenoid opacification on CT was inversely related to ODS (OR = 0.14, 95% CI-0.03, 0.69; p = 0.016). The study was adequately powered.

Conclusion

With unilateral maxillary sinus disease, the following features were significantly associated with ODS: foul smell, ipsilateral facial pressure, middle meatal pus on endoscopy, and any frontal sinus opacification on sinus CT. Additionally, any sphenoid sinus opacification on CT was inversely related to ODS. Presence or absence of these clinical variables can be used to increase or decrease one’s suspicion of an odontogenic source of sinusitis.
Aligning Partners in Pediatric Health: Using Geographical Information Systems to Plan Community Coalitions
Authors: Nguyen Margaret B.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Compared with adults, children have higher emergency department (ED) utilization for asthma exacerbation. While community coalitions have been shown to prevent ED visits for asthma, there is little guidance on where to best implement these efforts. Geographical information systems (GIS) technology can help in the selection and coordination of potential coalition partners. This report proposes a model to be used by clinicians and child health equity advocates to strategize high-impact community health interventions. The aims were to identify the clusters of ED utilization for pediatric asthma, evaluate sociodemographic features of the population within the clusters, and identify potential primary care and school community partners. Methods: This model uses ED visit data from 450 nonmilitary California hospitals in 2012. We obtained ZIP code–level counts and rates for patients younger than 18 years discharged with a diagnosis code of 493 for asthma conditions from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development’s Open Portal. We applied GIS spatial analysis techniques to identify statistically significant cluster for pediatric asthma ED utilization. We then locate the candidate community partners within these clusters. Results: There were 181 720 ED visits for asthma for all age groups in 2012 with 70 127 visits for children younger than 18 years. The top 3 geographic clusters for ED utilization rates were located in Fresno, Inglewood, and Richmond City, respectively. Spatial analysis maps illustrate the schools located within 0.5– and 1-mile radii of primary care clinics and provide a visual and statistical description of the population within the clusters. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a model to help clinicians understand how GIS can aid in the selection and creation of coalition building. This is a potentially powerful tool in the addressing child health disparities.
The Value of Family Advisors as Coleaders in Pediatric Quality Improvement Efforts: A Qualitative Theme Analysis
Authors: Ramazani Suzanne , Bayer Nathaniel D , Gottfried Julie Albright , Wagner Jenna , Leonard Michael S , Lynn Justin , Schriefer Jan
Published: July 2020

Engaging family advisors in pediatric quality improvement (QI) efforts is well-studied in intensive care but less understood in other settings. The purpose of this study was to assess the perceived impact of including a family advisor as a colead on a QI initiative that successfully improved the family-centered timing of routine morning blood tests performed on pediatric inpatients. Five structured written reflections from core QI team members were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis and 3 major themes were identified. The first found that a family advisor’s presence from the beginning of a QI initiative helps inform project design. The second determined that family partners working with residents fostered a better shared understanding of the role of trainees and caregivers in improving the quality of care. The third found that a family partner is an effective change agent to enact practice improvement, support professional development, and enhance resident education. Our qualitative analysis showed that engaging a family advisor as a colead influenced the design, implementation, and post-intervention impact of the initiative and improved family-centered outcomes.
A comparison of EFECE systems with tension band wiring for patella fracture fixation in cadavers
Authors: Karadeniz Emre , Keskinoz Elif Nedret
Published: July 2020

Background

EFECE systems are newly defined internal fixation systems, which are suitable for patella fracture fixation. The aim of this study was to compare the fixation strength of EFECE Systems with tension band wiring for transverse patellar fracture simulation on fresh frozen cadaver models.

Methods

Quadriceps tendon-patella-patellar tendon (QT-P-PT) complex was prepared from human cadavers. After simulation of a transverse patella fracture, in group 1, 5 patella were fixed with a pair of 1.2 mm EFECE wires and 4 EFECE devices. In group 2, 5 patella were fixed with a pair of 1.2 mm Kirschner wires (K-wire) and a cerclage wire according to the tension band technique.

Using a testing device with custom-made jaws, increasing distraction force was applied to these QT-P-PT complexes. Extension of these complexes with the distraction forces was observed. The maximum distraction force and the elongation during maximum force were evaluated.

Results

After 5 experiments with the EFECE systems, there was no EFECE wire breakage or EFECE wire-EFECE device catching failure. The median maximum force was 740 N (720-810 N). During maximum distraction force the median extension was 2.5 mm (1.6-2.5 mm). After 5 experiments with the tension band technique, there was no K-wire breakage. The median maximum force was 330 N (240-510 N). During this maximum distraction force the median extension was 3.4 mm (2.2-3.8 mm).

Conclusions

Based on the biomechanical advantages, patella fracture treatment with EFECE systems may constitute a reasonable alternative in the treatment of patella fractures.
Metabolite AutoPlotter - an application to process and visualise metabolite data in the web browser
Authors: Pietzke Matthias , Vazquez Alexei
Published: July 2020

Background

Metabolomics is gaining popularity as a standard tool for the investigation of biological systems. Yet, parsing metabolomics data in the absence of in-house computational scientists can be overwhelming and time-consuming. As a consequence of manual data processing, the results are often not analysed in full depth, so potential novel findings might get lost.

Methods

To tackle this problem, we developed Metabolite AutoPlotter, a tool to process and visualise quantified metabolite data. Other than with bulk data visualisations, such as heat maps, the aim of the tool is to generate single plots for each metabolite. For this purpose, it reads as input pre-processed metabolite-intensity tables and accepts different experimental designs, with respect to the number of metabolites, conditions and replicates. The code was written in the R-scripting language and wrapped into a shiny application that can be run online in a web browser onhttps://mpietzke.shinyapps.io/autoplotter.

Results

We demonstrate the main features and the ease of use with two different metabolite datasets, for quantitative experiments and for stable isotope tracing experiments. We show how the plots generated by the tool can be interactively modified with respect to plot type, colours, text labels and the shown statistics. We also demonstrate the application towards13C-tracing experiments and the seamless integration of natural abundance correction, which facilitates the better interpretation of stable isotope tracing experiments. The output of the tool is a zip-file containing one single plot for each metabolite as well as restructured tables that can be used for further analysis.

Conclusion

With the help of Metabolite AutoPlotter, it is now possible to simplify data processing and visualisation for a wide audience. High-quality plots from complex data can be generated in a short time by pressing a few buttons. This offers dramatic improvements over manual analysis. It is significantly faster and allows researchers to spend more time interpreting the results or to perform follow-up experiments. Further, this eliminates potential copy-and-paste errors or tedious repetitions when things need to be changed. We are sure that this tool will help to improve and speed up scientific discoveries.
Discrepancies between explicit and implicit evaluation of aesthetic perception ability in individuals with autism: a potential way to improve social functioning
Authors: Mazza Monica , Pino Maria Chiara , Vagnetti Roberto , Peretti Sara , Valenti Marco , Marchetti Antonella , Di Dio Cinzia
Published: July 2020

Background

The capacity to evaluate beauty plays a crucial role in social behaviour and social relationships. It is known that some characteristics of beauty are important social cues that can induce stereotypes or promote different behavioural expectations. Another crucial capacity for success in social interactions is empathy, i.e. the ability to understand and share others’ mental and emotional states. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have an impairment of empathic ability. We showed in a previous study that empathy and aesthetic perception abilities closely related. Indeed, beauty can affect different aspects of empathic behaviour, and empathy can mediate the aesthetic perception in typically developing (TD) individuals. Thus, this study evaluates the ability of aesthetic perception in ASD individuals compared to TD individuals, using the Golden Beauty behavioural task adapted for eye-tracking in order to acquire both explicit and implicit evidences. In both groups, the relationship between empathic and aesthetic perception abilities was also evaluated.

Methods

Ten ASD individuals (age ± SD:20.7 ± 4.64) and ten TD individuals (age ± SD:20.17 ± 0.98) participated in the study. Participants underwent empathy tasks and then the Golden Beauty task. To assess differences in the participants’ performance, we carried out a repeated measures general linear model.

Results

At the explicit level, our behavioural results show an impairment in aesthetic perception ability in ASD individuals. This inability could have relevance for their ability to experience pleasure during social interactions. However, at the implicit level (eye-tracking results), ASD individuals conserved a good ability to feel aesthetic pleasure during the Golden Beauty task, thus indicating a discrepancy between the explicit and implicit evaluation of the beauty task. Finally, beauty perception appears to be linked to empathy when neither of these capacities is compromised, as demonstrated in the TD group. In contrast, this link is missed in ASD individuals.

Conclusion

Overall, our results clearly show that individuals with autism are not completely blind to aesthetic pleasure: in fact, they retain an implicit ability to experience beauty. These findings could pave the way for the development of new protocols to rehabilitate ASD social functioning, exploiting their conserved implicit aesthetic perception.
A fresh look at Gulf of Mexico tectonics: Testing rotations and breakup mechanisms from the perspective of seismically constrained potential-fields modeling and plate kinematics
Authors: Minguez Daniel , Gerald Hensel E. , Johnson Elizabeth A. E.
Published: July 2020

Interpretation of recent, high-quality seismic data in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) has led to competing hypotheses regarding the basin’s rift to drift transition. Some studies suggest a fault-controlled mechanism that ultimately results in mantle exhumation prior to seafloor spreading. Others suggest voluminous magmatic intrusion accommodates the terminal extension phase and results in the extrusion of volcanic seaward dipping reflectors (SDRs). Whereas it has been generally accepted that the plate motions between the rift and drift phases of the GOM are nearly perpendicular to each other, it has not been greatly discussed if the breakup mechanism plays a role in accommodating the transition in plate motion. We have developed a plate kinematic and crustal architecture hypothesis to address the transition from rift to drift in the GOM. We support the proposition of a fault-controlled breakup mechanism, in which slip on a detachment between the crust and mantle may have exhumed the mantle. However, we stress that this mechanism is not exclusive of synrift magmatism, though it does imply that SDRs observed in the GOM are not in this case indicative of a volcanic massif separating attenuated continental and normal oceanic crust. We support our hypothesis through a geometrically realistic 2D potential field model, which includes a magnetic seafloor spreading model constrained by recent published seismic data and analog rock properties. The 2D model suggests that magnetic anomalies near the continent-ocean transition may be related to removal of the lower continental crust during a phase of hyperextension prior to breakup, ending in mantle exhumation. The kinematics of breakup, derived from recent satellite gravity data and constrained by our spreading model and the global plate circuit, suggests that this phase of hyperextension accommodated the change in plate motion direction and a diachronous breakup across the GOM.
Social Predictors of Food Insecurity: The Case of Yatta Constituency, Machakos County, Kenya
Authors: Mose Ocharo Robinson , Mukami Kithu Lucy
Published: July 2020

In the year 2009, it was indicated that 9.8 million Kenyans were food insecure. In 2018 Kenya ranked number 77 worldwide of countries where hunger is serious with a hunger index of 23.2. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the level of food security and the relationship between demographic variables and household food security. The study was purely analytical using a sample of 388 poor households. Data was collected using interview schedules. To test food security level, a modified Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) score was used. To find out if any relationship exists between demographic variables and household food security, Chi-square test was used. Findings indicated that 18.7 percent of the households were food secure and that 63.5 percent of the households experienced severe food insecurity. The other findings were that there is no relationship between food security and gender and that there is a relationship between food security and education, occupation, and the number of children. Since the major variables that are found to contribute to food insecurity are educational level, employment and family size of the household, key interventions could be one the introduction of Extension Education with a vibrant Functional Literacy, two actualizing the three pillars of the green revolution namely; maximization of space, maximization of time and use of high yielding varieties and three introduction of community programs meant to educate the community on family size and food security.
Filosofia da ciência e evolução: uma contribuição ao ensino. Parte 1: Por que ciência?
Authors: De Figueiredo Francisco José , De Oliveira Levy Aquino
Published: July 2020

Evolução é um conceito-chave para o ensino das Ciências Biológicas, tendo em vista que integra áreas diversas dentro da ideia de relações históricas entre organismos e seus atributos por causas naturais. Porém, tem sido negligenciada ou omitida em salas de aula por várias razões. Uma delas é a falta de treinamento básico de professores do ensino médio em Filosofia da Ciência. Consequentemente, nesses “tempos líquidos”, alunos têm ingressado nas universidades mostrando deficiência na compreensão e assimilação de conceitos científicos básicos, não distinguindo ciência de outras formas do saber. Atualmente o conhecimento é acessível a todos, principalmente na internet. Porém, aquele que melhor condiz com a realidade tornou-se muito restrito e modular. Nesse hiato, pseudociências têm ocupado lugar de destaque entre ciência e religião, usando jargão científico, mas imunizando evidências contrárias, banindo validação externa, investindo em evidências negativas e adotando explicações ad hoc. Ao contrário desse tipo de abordagem, ciência oferece métodos de analise rigorosos nos quais o ceticismo é aplicado na investigação de argumentos e fatos. Em sociedades cuja disfunção social é evidente e aguda, a noção de realidade tende a ser substituída por fantasia ou alienação e, com isso, há proliferação de todo tipo de informação sem base racional. Diante disso, conceitos da Filosofia da Ciência e ferramentas do método científico constituem eficazes recursos na avaliação de ideias correntes numa sociedade que preza pela liberdade de pensamento e expressão. Saber quais são essas ferramentas é fundamental para o entendimento e avaliação de aplicações e implicações da teoria evolutiva.
An introduction to back pathology in the horse
Authors: Henson Frances
Published: July 2020

Primary or secondary back pain is commonly diagnosed in horses, however it can be difficult to establish the exact cause and to recommend the correct treatment. This article provides a framework for investigation of possible back pain with the aims of establishing whether back pain exists, what is the cause of the back pain and how can it be treated. A short overview of the more common conditions causing primary back pain is provided.
Optical properties of biosynthesized nanoscaled Eu2O3 for red luminescence applications
Authors: Mohamed H. E. A. , Hkiri K. , Khenfouch M. , Dhlamini S. , Henini M. , Maaza M.
Published: July 2020

This contribution reports on the optical properties of biosynthesised

E
u

2

O

3

nanoparticles bioengineered for the first time by a green and cost effective method using aqueous fruit extracts of Hyphaene thebaica as an effective chelating and capping agent. The morphological, structural, and optical properties of the samples annealed at 500°C were confirmed by using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), UV–Vis spectrocopy, and photoluminescence spectrometer. The XRD results confirmed the characteristic body-centered cubic (bcc) structure of

E
u

2

O

3

nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm. HR-TEM revealed square type morphology with an average size of

∼

6

n
m

. Electron dispersion energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy spectrum confirmed the elemental single phase nature of pure

E
u

2

O

3

. Furthuremore, the Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed the intrinsic characteristic peaks of

E
u

−

O

bond stretching vibrations. UV–Vis reflectance proved that

E
u

2

O

3

absorbs in a wide range of the solar spectrum from the VUV–UV region with a bandgap of 5.1 eV. The luminescence properties of such cubic structures were characterized by an intense red emission centered at 614 nm. It was observed that the biosynthesized

E
u

2

O

3

nanoparticles exhibit an efficient red-luminescence and hence a potential material as red phosphor.
Gênero e o Declínio das Políticas Públicas
Authors: Araujo Margarete Panerai , Lazzari Kellen Cristina Varisco
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo procura-se fazer uma discussão sobre as políticas públicas para as mulheres, sob a perspectiva de gênero, em especial em duas gestões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, aquelas entre os anos de 2011 e 2018. A partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental acerca do tema, este trabalho tem o objetivo de mostrar como a construção social de gênero influencia não apenas as relações entre homens e mulheres, marcadas na sociedade brasileira por uma grande desigualdade, mas também como ela intervém na construção, ou melhor, na falta de políticas públicas direcionadas para as mulheres. Para examinar essas questões o presente artigo discorrerá a respeito de gênero, violência de gênero e políticas públicas e sociais.
Movimientos socioambientales, decolonialidad e historia ambiental en los conflictos patagónicos en Argentina (1980-2003)
Authors: Dichdji Ayelen
Published: July 2020

La presente investigación propone analizar el surgimiento de controversias alrededor de la emergencia de los primeros conflictos socioambientales, que captaron la atención de la opinión pública en Argentina entre 1980 y 2003, tomando en consideración dos casos emblemáticos: Gastre y Esquel, ambos situados en la Patagonia argentina. Nos proponemos establecer un recorrido histórico-ambiental donde tenga preminencia una matriz teórico-metodológica integral constituida por: historia ambiental, estudios decoloniales y comunicación de riesgo. Como fuentes de análisis emplearemos diarios de tirada nacional como Clarín y La Nación.
O duplo caráter do direito à existência: luta de classes e articulação estrutural das contrarreformas sociais, políticas e ambientais
Authors: Seferian Gustavo
Published: July 2020

O artigo busca, a partir da tradição marxista e desde a sugestão formulada por Daniel Bensaïd, evidenciar o duplo caráter do Direito à Existência, este caracterizado como salvaguarda à reprodução da vida e como mediação à afirmação política das classes trabalhadoras e setores oprimidos da sociedade. Olhando para a contemporânea realidade brasileira, possuindo caráter eminentemente teórico e pautado no método materialista- histórico, demonstra como as contrarreformas direcionadas aos direitos sociais guardam articulação estrutural com os ataques direcionados ao meio ambiente, reclamando contraposição do mesmo modo convergente dos movimentos sociais na assunção de bandeiras ecológicas.
Whisky, Kids and Sleepless Nights
Authors: Schiefer Tabea
Published: July 2020

In this chapter, Tabea Schiefer reflects on her different roles and identities as mother, student and researcher. She writes about the challenges she was confronted with, but also the benefits and opportunities she got from this situation. Drawing on her personal experiences, she provides insight into the perspective of a young scholar with family obligations.
Antriebs-, Verkehrs- oder Mobilitätswende?
Authors: Manderscheid Katharina
Published: July 2020

Das Automobil gehört zu den zentralen Kennzeichen moderner industrialisierter Gesellschaften und symbolisiert primär Fortschritt und Wohlstand. In den Ländern des globalen Nordens nehmen die Anzahl privater Autos bezogen auf die Einwohner*innen sowie die täglich mit dem Auto zurückgelegten Distanzen immer noch zu. Inzwischen gilt der motorisierte Individualverkehr, insbesondere der Autoverkehr, jedoch auch als Sinnbild der ökologischen Nicht-Nachhaltigkeit der modernen Lebensweise und stößt vor allem in den Städten immer sichtbarer an Grenzen. Nicht erst mit den Fahrverboten für ältere Dieselautos in belasteten Städten und seit den Pariser Klimaschutzzielen sind die negativen Implikationen des motorisierten Individualverkehrs und insbesondere dessen fossilen Antriebs auf die politische Agenda gerückt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird inzwischen die Notwendigkeit und ein sich bereits abzeichnender Wandel im Bereich von Mobilität und Verkehr festgestellt. Offen ist hingegen, in welche Richtung der Wandel gehen wird und wie tiefgreifend dieser Wandel sein soll. Hier lassen sich drei unterschiedliche Konzepte analytisch voneinander unterscheiden, eine Antriebs-, eine Verkehrs- und eine Mobilitätswende. Welcher der drei Transformationsbeschreibungen sind die gegenwärtig beobachtbaren Entwicklungen im Bereich der Elektrifizierung der Automobilität und des Individualverkehrs zuzuordnen? Lässt sich hier eine Anpassung an veränderte gesellschaftliche, ökologische und politische Rahmenbedingungen feststellen oder zeichnen sich bereits neue Regime bzw. neue Mobilitätsdispositive ab? Mit dem Ziel, eine Einschätzung über die Richtung des Wandels zu formulieren, werde ich im Folgenden einige Entwicklungen der Elektrifizierung im individuellen Personenverkehr analysieren und daraufhin abklopfen, ob sie die Hegemonie des privaten Autos herausfordern. Grundlage der Ausführungen ist dabei das Konzept von Automobilität als Dispositiv, ein mehrdimensionales soziologisches Verständnis, das die gesellschaftsformierende Eigenlogik desselben herausstellt.
E-Mobilität als Baustein einer ländlichen Mobilitätswende
Authors: Baasch Stefanie
Published: July 2020

E-Mobilität und E-Carsharing sind derzeit vor allem in hochverdichteten urbanen Räumen verbreitet. In ländlichen Räumen gewinnt das Thema E-Mobilität zwar zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit, aber befindet sich zumeist noch in ersten Erprobungsphasen. Aus ökologischer Sicht ist eine bloße Umstellung des derzeitigen Individualverkehrs auf elektrisch betriebene PKW nicht sinnvoll, insbesondere im Hinblick auf den Ressourcenbedarf bei der Herstellung von E-Autos. Carsharing-Optionen bieten in ländlichen Regionen grundsätzlich das Potenzial, zu einem verbesserten Mobilitätsangebot beizutragen. Allerdings sind die Voraussetzungen für E-Carsharing-Angebote hier komplexer als in urbanen Gebieten, insbesondere gilt der Besitz eines eigenen Automobils angesichts mangelnder ÖPNV-Angebote und größerer Reichweitenbedarfe oft als unverzichtbar. Der Beitrag diskutiert anhand von Beispielen aus Nordhessen kommunale Ansätze einer Mobilitätswende, die E-Mobilität und Carsharing-Angebote miteinander verbinden und dabei auf eine Flexibilisierung von Nutzungs- und Eigentumsverhältnissen und spezifische Akteursstrukturen setzen.