bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Texture and Electromagnetic Coupling Properties
Authors: Fuentes‐Cobas Luis Edmundo , Grijalva‐Castillo María Cristina , Fuentes‐Montero Luis , Matutes‐Aquino José Andrés , Méndez‐Nonell Juan
Published: November 2017

The estimation of physical properties in textured polycrystals is reviewed. “Principal” properties, which relate actions and responses within the same subsystem (electric, elastic, …), as well as “coupling” properties (e.g., piezomagnetism), linking actions, and responses associated with various subsystems (magneto‐elastic, thermo‐electric, …) are analyzed. Tensor ranks from 1 to 4, with polar and axial characteristics are considered. Virtual‐time inversion (the case of magnetoelectricity) is taken into account. Matrix and surface representations are considered. Significant differences in the effect of texture on properties arise from the diversity of properties tensors ranks and polar/axial natures. To predict the effective values of coupling properties, precautions required for application of the Voigt, Reuss, and Hill approximations are pointed out. At all stages of the proposed methodology, a symmetrized spherical harmonics treatment of the orientation distribution functions, the inverse pole figures and (single‐ and polycrystals) physical properties is applied. For the case of magnetostriction, a functional program for estimating polycrystal performance is included as Supporting Information. The input data are the single‐crystal property coefficients and the polycrystal inverse pole figure parameters. The coincidence of predicted magnetostriction coefficients with experimentally measured values is satisfactory. Recently established considerations regarding the characterization of coupling properties in complex materials are divulged.
Inorganic Thin Film Deposition and Application on Organic Polymer Substrates
Authors: Hora Jitesh , Hall Colin , Evans Drew , Charrault Eric
Published: November 2017

This review details the emerging area of inorganic thin film coatings on polymer substrates, from examples of applications through to the fabrication processes and the underlying growth mechanism(s). Of particular focus is the use of physical vapor deposition to deposit thin metal and/or metal oxide films onto polymeric materials. This primary focus highlights an area of research, that is, gaining in popularity, as researchers attempt to provide insight into the adaption of a well‐established manufacturing process to be compatible with the ever expanding range of polymer substrates. The motivation for doing so comes from the evolution of existing industry (i.e., the semi‐conductor sector) to fabricate new devices (i.e., flexible electronics). In addition, the research challenges faced in achieving evaporated and sputtered thin film coatings on polymeric substrates, such as mechanical and thermal considerations will be discussed.
Fish‐Microarray: A Miniaturized Platform for Single‐Embryo High‐Throughput Screenings
Authors: Popova Anna A. , Marcato Daniel , Peravali Ravindra , Wehl Ilona , Schepers Ute , Levkin Pavel A.
Published: November 2017

Small molecule high‐throughput screenings are essential for the fields of drug discovery and toxicology. Such screenings performed on whole animals are more physiologically relevant leading to more predictive results. However, due to challenges in automation, high costs and absence of miniaturized solutions for animal‐based experiments, high throughput screenings based on animal models are still in its infancy. Here a platform for miniaturized high throughput whole‐organism screenings is presented. The new platform is based on patterns of hydrophilic spots separated by superhydrophobic borders. The difference in wettability of spots and borders generates the effect of discontinuous dewetting and allows for formation of arrays of microdroplets that incorporate single fish embryos. Due to the flat border‐less nature of the platform, the system is compatible with single‐step collection of embryos and pipetting‐free parallel addition of chemical libraries using the “sandwiching method.” The system is miniaturized and allows for incubation of embryos in volumes as low as 5 µL. Finally, the platform realizes surface tension based immobilization of single embryos inside of each microcompartment and permits high‐throughput microscopic analysis directly on the platform. Thus, this method combines the advantages of microarrays, such as high‐throughput and simplicity, with the power of in vivo experiments.
In‐Plane Assembled Orthorhombic Nb2O5 Nanorod Films with High‐Rate Li+ Intercalation for High‐Performance Flexible Li‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Deng Bohua , Lei Tianyu , Zhu Weihua , Xiao Liang , Liu Jinping
Published: November 2017

Organic hybrid supercapacitors that consist of a battery electrode and a capacitive electrode show greatly improved energy density, but their power density is generally limited by the poor rate capability of battery‐type electrodes. In addition, flexible organic hybrid supercapacitors are rarely reported. To address the above issues, herein an in‐plane assembled orthorhombic Nb2O5 nanorod film anode with high‐rate Li+ intercalation to develop a flexible Li‐ion hybrid capacitor (LIC) is reported. The binder‐/additive‐free film exhibits excellent rate capability (≈73% capacity retention with the rate increased from 0.5 to 20 C) and good cycling stability (>2500 times). Kinetic analyses reveal that the high rate performance is mainly attributed to the excellent in‐plane assembly of interconnected single‐crystalline Nb2O5 nanorods on the current collector, ensuring fast electron transport, facile Li‐ion migration in the porous film, and greatly reduced ion‐diffusion length. Using such a Nb2O5 film as anode and commercial activated carbon as cathode, a flexible LIC is designed. It delivers both high gravimetric and high volumetric energy/power densities (≈95.55 Wh kg−1/5350.9 W kg−1; 6.7 mW h cm−3/374.63 mW cm−3), surpassing previous typical Li‐intercalation electrode‐based LICs. Furthermore, this LIC device still keeps good electrochemical attributes even under serious bending states (30°–180°).
Generation of One‐Way Gaussian Steering by Gaussian Channel and Converting One‐Way Gaussian Steering by Beamsplitters
Authors: Wang Zhong‐Xiao , Gao Yong‐Pan , Wang Tie‐Jun , Wang Chuan
Published: November 2017

Gaussian steering is used to characterize the intrinsic quantum correlation of Gaussian states under Gaussian measurement. Here we study the generation of one‐way Gaussian steering and the conversion of one‐way Gaussian steering. It is found that one‐way Gaussian steering could be generated by using Gaussian channels, either the Gaussian lossy channel or the Gaussian amplification channel. Exploiting the one‐way Gaussian steering in a two‐partite quantum system consists of two subsystems marked with A and B, one‐way Gaussian steering (steering from A to B) can be converted to the other one‐way Gaussian steering (steering from B to A) using linear optics, and vice versa.
Pair Events in Superluminal Optics
Authors: Nemiroff Robert J.
Published: November 2017

When an object moves faster than emissions it creates, it may appear at two positions simultaneously. The appearance or disappearance of this bifurcation is referred to as a pair event. Inherently convolved with superluminal motion, pair events have no subluminal counterparts. Common examples of superluminal motions that exhibit pair events include Cherenkov radiation, sonic booms, illumination fronts from variable light sources, and rotating beams. The minimally simple case of pair events from a single massive object is explored here: uniform linear motion. A pair event is perceived when the radial component of the object's speed toward the observer drops from superluminal to subluminal. Emission from the pair creation event will reach the observer before emission from either of the two images created. Potentially observable image pair events are described for sonic booms and Cherenkov light. To date, no detection of discrete images following a projectile pair event have ever been reported, and so the pair event nature of sonic booms and Cherenkov radiation, for example, remains unconfirmed. Recent advances in modern technology have made such pair event tracking feasible. If measured, pair events could provide important information about object distance and history.
Monodisperse N‐Doped Graphene Nanoribbons Reaching 7.7 Nanometers in Length
Authors: Cortizo‐Lacalle Diego , Mora‐Fuentes Juan P. , Strutyński Karol , Saeki Akinori , Melle‐Franco Manuel , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio
Published: November 2017

The properties of graphene nanoribbons are highly dependent on structural variables such as width, length, edge structure, and heteroatom doping. Therefore, atomic precision over all these variables is necessary for establishing their fundamental properties and exploring their potential applications. An iterative approach is presented that assembles a small and carefully designed molecular building block into monodisperse N‐doped graphene nanoribbons with different lengths. To showcase this approach, the synthesis and characterisation of a series of nanoribbons constituted of 10, 20 and 30 conjugated linearly‐fused rings (2.9, 5.3, and 7.7 nm in length, respectively) is presented.
Macrolide Synthesis through Intramolecular Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Alkenes
Authors: Jiang Bing , Zhao Meng , Li Shu‐Sen , Xu Yun‐He , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: November 2017

A RhIII‐catalyzed intramolecular oxidative cross‐coupling between double bonds for the synthesis of macrolides is described. Under the optimized reaction conditions, macrocycles containing a diene moiety can be formed in reasonable yields and with excellent chemo‐ and stereoselectivity. This method provides an efficient approach to synthesize macrocyclic compounds containing a 1,3‐conjugated diene structure.
Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights of anti‐insect molecular mechanism of Cassia obtusifolia trypsin inhibitor against Pieris rapae
Authors: Xiang Mian , Zhang Xian , Deng Yin , Li Yangyang , Yu Jihua , Zhu Jianquan , Huang Xinhe , Zhou Jiayu , Liao Hai
Published: November 2017

Pieris rapae, a serious Lepidoptera pest of cultivated crucifers, utilizes midgut enzymes to digest food and detoxify secondary metabolites from host plants. A recombinant trypsin inhibitor (COTI) from nonhost plant, Cassia obtusifolia, significantly decreased activities of trypsin‐like proteases in the larval midgut on Pieris rapae and could suppress the growth of larvae. In order to know how COTI took effect, transcriptional profiles of P. rapae midgut in response to COTI was studied. A total of 51,544 unigenes were generated and 45.86% of which had homologs in public databases. Most of the regulated genes associated with digestion, detoxification, homeostasis, and resistance were downregulated after ingestion of COTI. Meanwhile, several unigenes in the integrin signaling pathway might be involved in response to COTI. Furthermore, using comparative transcriptome analysis, we detected differently expressing genes and identified a new reference gene, UPF3, by qRT‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Therefore, it was suggested that not only proteolysis inhibition, but also suppression of expression of genes involved in metabolism, development, signaling, and defense might account for the anti‐insect resistance of COTI.
A new Wavelet Method for Variable‐Order Fractional Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Heydari Mohammad Hossein , Avazzadeh Zakieh
Published: November 2017

In this paper, a new computational method based on the Legendre wavelets (LWs) is proposed for solving a class of variable‐order fractional optimal control problems (V‐FOCPs). To do this, a new operational matrix of variable‐order fractional integration (OMV‐FI) in the Riemann‐Liouville sense for the LWs is derived and used to obtain an approximate solution for the problem under study. Along the way the hat functions (HFs) are introduced and employed to derive a general procedure to compute this matrix. In the proposed method, the variable‐order fractional dynamical system is transformed to an equivalent variable‐order fractional integro‐differential dynamical system, at first. Then, the highest integer order of the derivative of the state variable and the control variable are expanded by the LWs with unknown coefficients. Next, the OMV‐FI in the the Riemann‐Liouville sense together with some properties of the LWs are employed to achieve a nonlinear algebraic equation in place of the performance index and a nonlinear system of algebraic equations in place of the dynamical system in terms of the unknown coefficients. Finally, the method of constrained extremum is applied which consists of adjoining the constraint equations derived from the given dynamical system to the performance index by a set of undetermined Lagrange multipliers. As a result, the necessary conditions of optimality are derived as a system of algebraic equations in the unknown coefficients of the state variable, control variable and Lagrange multipliers. Furthermore, the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated for some concrete examples. The obtained results show that the proposed method is very efficient and accurate.
Accessory neuropathy after sternotomy: Clinico‐anatomical correlation supporting an inflammatory cause
Authors: Kassem Mohammad W. , Iwanaga Joe , Loukas Marios , Stone Jonathan J. , Smith Jay , Spinner Robert J. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: November 2017

Inflammatory etiologies are becoming increasingly recognized as explanations of some neuropathies, especially those occurring in the perioperative period. Although “brachial neuritis” is known to affect extraplexal nerves, accessory nerve palsy following median sternotomy has been attributed to stretch on the nerve. To better elucidate stretch as a potential cause, a cadaveric study was performed. Two patients who developed accessory nerve palsy following median sternotomy are presented to illustrate features consistent with the diagnosis of a perioperative inflammatory neuropathy. Five adult unembalmed cadavers underwent exposure of the bilateral accessory nerves in the posterior cervical triangle. A median sternotomy was performed and self‐retaining retractors positioned. With the head in neutral, left rotation and right rotation, retractors were opened as during surgery while observing and recording any accessory nerve movements. The self‐retaining sternal retractors were fully opened to a mean inter‐blade distance of 13 cm. Regardless of head position, from the initial retractor click to maximal opening there was no gross movement of the accessory nerve on the left or right sides. Opening self‐retaining sternal retractors does not appear to stretch the accessory nerve in the posterior cervical triangle. Based on our clinical experience and cadaveric results, we believe that inflammatory conditions, (i.e., idiopathic brachial plexitis) can involve the accessory nerve, and might be triggered by surgical procedures. Clin. Anat. 31:417–421, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diversity of Polyketide Chains Achieved by Deleting the Tailoring Genes in the Biosynthesis of Ansatrienins
Authors: Wang Jianxiong , Li Xiaoman , Lu Chunhua , Shen Yuemao
Published: November 2017

The ast gene cluster (GenBank accession numbers KF813023.1 and KP284551) was characterized to be responsible for the biosynthesis of ansatrienins in Streptomyces sp. XZQH13, which contains astC, astF1, and astF2 genes involved in the assembly of the N‐cyclohexanoyl d‐alanyl side chain and the hydroxylation of C‐19, respectively. Further to investigating the biosynthetic mechanism of ansatrienins, herein we constructed the mutant strains XZQH13OEΔastF2 and XZQH13OEΔastCΔastF2. Three new ansatrienin analogues, namely, ansatrienols I–K (1–3), along with trienomycinol (4) and 3‐O‐demethyltrienomycinol (5), were isolated from the XZQH13OEΔastCΔastF2 strain, and trienomycin A (6) and trienomycin G (7) were isolated from the XZQH13OEΔastF2 strain. Their structures were determined by a combination of high‐resolution MS (ESI) and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Accordingly, a pathway for the biosynthesis of these new ansatrienins was proposed.
High Spin Ground States in Matryoshka Actinide Nanoclusters: A Computational Study
Authors: Hu Han‐Shi , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas
Published: November 2017

Inspired by the experimentally synthesized Na12@[(UO2)(O2)1.5]208− (“Na12@U20”) cluster, we have explored computationally the substitution of the Na cations by many other metals. 6 other M12@U20 systems are found to be stable (M=K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ag+, Mg2+, Fe2+). For 3 of these (Mg2+, Ag+ and Na+), the cluster can support a group 16 dianion at its center, forming a new type of Matryoshka (“Russian Doll”) actinide nanocluster E@M12@U20 (E=S2−, Se2−, Te2−, and Po2−). These systems have 3‐shell, onion‐like geometries with nearly perfect Ih symmetry. Seeking to create clusters with very high spin ground states, we have replaced M by Mn2+ and U20 by Np20 and Pu20, generating clusters with maximum possible S values of 80/2 and 100/2 respectively. Only in the presence of a central S2−, however, are these electronic configurations the most stable; the novel Matryoshka Pu nanocluster S@Mn12@Pu20 is predicted to have the highest ground state spin yet reported for a molecular cluster.
A case report of brown tumor in a patient with chronic renal failure and renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yong‐Jun , Frauenhoffer Elizabeth E. , Walker Eric , Williams Nicole C.
Published: November 2017

We report a case of a 72 year old male with hyperparathyroidism secondary to end stage diabetic renal disease and coexisting bilateral chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. The patient presented with back and groin pain, right pelvic hemorrhage, and multiple lytic bone lesions concerning for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology demonstrated benign appearing osteoclasts and spindled cells. A concurrent core biopsy showed foci of spindled cell proliferation populated by osteoclast‐like giant cells with stromal hemorrhage without evidence of metastatic carcinoma. The cytologic and histologic findings, in correlation with the clinical history, radiographic features, markedly increased parathyroid hormone levels and other serologic studies, were diagnostic of the reactive lesion seen in brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure.
Detection of Sotatercept (ACE‐011) in human serum by SAR‐PAGE and western single blotting
Authors: Reichel Christian , Farmer Letizia , Gmeiner Günter , Walpurgis Katja , Thevis Mario
Published: November 2017

A method for the detection of Sotatercept (ACE‐011, ACVR2A‐Fc) in human serum is presented. The method is a modification of a recently published protocol for Luspatercept (ACE‐536, ACVR2B‐Fc), another erythropoiesis stimulating fusion protein. Out of 27 tested antibodies against either the extracellular domain of ACVR2A or the full‐length protein, only 4 antibodies bound strongly enough to Sotatercept for usage with immunoprecipitation followed by SAR‐PAGE and Western single blotting. The adapted protocol allows the detection of 0.1 ng/mL Sotatercept in just 50 μL human serum. None of the 3 commercial ACVR2‐ELISAs was able to detect Sotatercept and the 2 tested surrogate proteins, even in the μg/mL range. As for Luspatercept, only IPG‐IEF/2D‐PAGE generated discrete isoforms. Due to the long serum half‐life, the SAR‐PAGE method will be able to detect Sotatercept for several weeks and will be very useful in doping testing.
A Systematic Synthetic Study of the Aqueous Chemistry of Binary Boron–Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Systems: Boron Structural Speciation Correlation to the Biotoxicity Profile
Authors: Matsia Sevasti , Tsave Olga , Hatzidimitriou Antonios , Gabriel Catherine , Bertmer Marko , Salifoglou Athanasios
Published: November 2017

In an attempt to delve into the chemistry of boron, whose role in biology still remains unclear, yet its presence and influence is undisputed, research was launched into the structural speciation of BIII with physiological binders. The latter molecules involve hydroxycarboxylic glycolic, 2‐hydroxy‐isobutyric, and citric acids. Their pH‐specific reactivity is systematically investigated synthetically in binary and ternary systems of BIII, leading to well‐defined crystalline materials, [B(OCH2COO)2](CH6N3) (1), Na[B{OC(CH3)2COO}2] (2), [B(C6H6O7)2](CH6N3) (3), [B(C6H6O7)2](C3H5N2) (4), {Na4[B(C6H5O7)(C6H4O7)]}n·2nH2O (5), and K[B(C6H6O7)2]·2H2O (6). Complexes 1–6 are characterized physicochemically through: elemental analysis; FTIR spectroscopy; 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and solution 11B NMR spectroscopy; TGA; luminescence; and X‐ray crystallography. The collective data project retention of BIII tetrahedrality, with the stability of the arising complex supported by five‐membered boracyclic rings. The structurally differentiated organic ligands serve as the basis of further biological evaluation of the emerging materials in 3T3‐L1, C2C12, A549, and Saos‐2 cultures. The effect on cell survival, morphology, and migration of 1, 2, and 5 is investigated in a time‐, dose‐, tissue‐, and structure‐specific manner. The results portray a well‐defined biotoxic profile for soluble bioavailable binary BIII–hydroxycarboxylato species, further justifying perusal of boron's structure‐specific reactivity profile in cellular physiology.
Toward Long Rylene Ribbons and Quinoidal Rylene Diradicaloids
Authors: Zeng Wangdong , Qi Qingbiao , Wu Jishan
Published: November 2017

Rylenes are peri‐fused naphthalene oligomers and possess a unique electronic structure, which makes them attractive materials as organic dyes and semiconductors. In particular, rylenes beyond terrylene are promising near‐infrared dyes with high molar extinction coefficients. Recent studies have demonstrated an unusual open‐shell diradical character for long rylene molecules and potential half‐metallic properties of polyrylene ribbon. However, the synthesis of long rylenes and polyrylene is a very challenging task, with various strategies directed towards solving the critical molecular aggregation and stability problems having been developed since 1910. In addition, recent research has also shown that quinoidal rylenes have an irresistible tendency to become diradical, and so they constitute a new type of open‐shell singlet diradicaloids with magnetic activity. This microreview mainly summarizes the synthesis of long rylene ribbons and quinoidal rylene diradicaloids, together with their unique electronic structures and physical properties.
A General Way to Construct Arene‐Fused Seven‐Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Bakulina Olga , Chizhova Maria , Dar'in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: November 2017

Imines react with seven‐membered cyclic anhydrides (prepared from the corresponding dicarboxylic acids by a recently discovered in‐situ cyclodehydration protocol) by the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction pathway to give privileged seven‐membered arene‐fused nitrogen‐heterocyclic compounds with reagent‐controlled diversity of the skeleton and peripheral groups.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fed Directly with Dry Glycerol
Authors: Lo Faro M. , Oliveira V. L. , Reis R. M. , Saglietti G. G. A. , Zignani S. C. , Trocino S. , Ticianelli E. A. , Aricò A. S.
Published: November 2017

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was developed for the direct utilization of dry glycerol to produce electricity at 800 °C. A state‐of‐art SOFC anode was covered by a thin (<10 μm) electrocatalyst layer based on a Ni‐modified perovskite and ceria. This electrocatalyst layer worked as an internal integrated fuel processor to convert glycerol in syngas. A performance of about 850 mW cm−2 @ 0.6 V was achieved with dry glycerol. A life time test of 160 hrs showed no relevant occurrence of carbon deposits. The developed approach can provide a practical route to achieve effective fuel flexibility in SOFCs.
Prospective aquatic risk assessment for chemical mixtures in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Holmes Christopher M. , Brown Colin D. , Hamer Mick , Jones Russell , Maltby Lorraine , Posthuma Leo , Silberhorn Eric , Teeter Jerold Scott , Warne Michael St J , Weltje Lennart
Published: November 2017

Environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures is challenging because of the multitude of possible combinations that may occur. Aquatic risk from chemical mixtures in an agricultural landscape was evaluated prospectively in 2 exposure scenario case studies: at field scale for a program of 13 plant-protection products applied annually for 20 yr and at a watershed scale for a mixed land-use scenario over 30 yr with 12 plant-protection products and 2 veterinary pharmaceuticals used for beef cattle. Risk quotients were calculated from regulatory exposure models with typical real-world use patterns and regulatory acceptable concentrations for individual chemicals. The results could differentiate situations when there was concern associated with single chemicals from those when concern was associated with a mixture (based on concentration addition) with no single chemical triggering concern. Potential mixture risk was identified on 0.02 to 7.07% of the total days modeled, depending on the scenario, the taxa, and whether considering acute or chronic risk. Taxa at risk were influenced by receiving water body characteristics along with chemical use profiles and associated properties. The present study demonstrates that a scenario-based approach can be used to determine whether mixtures of chemicals pose risks over and above any identified using existing approaches for single chemicals, how often and to what magnitude, and ultimately which mixtures (and dominant chemicals) cause greatest concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:674–689. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

Acute and chronic mixture risk was assessed for aquatic organisms using field- and catchment-scale scenarios for multiple agricultural products applied annually up to 30 years (single year shown for clarity). Results identified potential risks, and determined whether mixtures of chemicals pose risks beyond any identified using existing approaches for single chemicals, how often and to what magnitude.
Cone calorimeter testing of foam core sandwich panels treated with intumescent paper underneath the veneer (FRV)
Authors: Dietenberger Mark A. , Shalbafan Ali , Welling Johannes
Published: November 2017

Surfaces of novel foam core sandwich panels were adhered with intumescent fire‐retardant paper underneath the veneers (FRV) to improve their flammability properties. The panels were evaluated by means of cone calorimeter test (ASTM E 1354). Variables tested were different surface layer treatments, adhesives used for veneering, surface layer thicknesses, and processing conditions, having the objective of obtaining similar or better flammability as that of solid particle boards. Previous research showed that sandwich panels without FRV compared to panels with FRV generally had much higher heat release rates, somewhat higher heat of combustion and much higher smoke production due to the polymeric foam component of tested panels. The present study shows that using FRV adhered to the surface layer of sandwich panels dramatically improved flammability properties; the best FRV performance resulted from panels produced with thicker face layer (5 mm) and lower press temperature (130°C) and adhered with an acrylic thixotropic adhesive. Such protected foam core particleboard has heat release rate profiles as low as that is typical of commercially available fire‐retardant–treated plywood, thus implying a low flammability rating when tested in accordance with both single burn item (Euro Class B anticipated) and steiner tunnel (North America Class A anticipated) tests.
Google Trends and the forecasting performance of exchange rate models
Authors: Bulut Levent
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we use Google Trends data for exchange rate forecasting in the context of a broad literature review that ties the exchange rate movements with macroeconomic fundamentals. The sample covers 11 OECD countries’ exchange rates for the period from January 2004 to June 2014. In out‐of‐sample forecasting of monthly returns on exchange rates, our findings indicate that the Google Trends search query data do a better job than the structural models in predicting the true direction of changes in nominal exchange rates. We also observed that Google Trends‐based forecasts are better at picking up the direction of the changes in the monthly nominal exchange rates after the Great Recession era (2008–2009). Based on the Clark and West inference procedure of equal predictive accuracy testing, we found that the relative performance of Google Trends‐based exchange rate predictions against the null of a random walk model is no worse than the purchasing power parity model. On the other hand, although the monetary model fundamentals could beat the random walk null only in one out of 11 currency pairs, with Google Trends predictors we found evidence of better performance for five currency pairs. We believe that these findings necessitate further research in this area to investigate the extravalue one can get from Google search query data.
Superiorly based facial artery musculomucosal flap: A versatile pedicled flap
Authors: Berania Ilyes , Lavigne François , Rahal Akram , Ayad Tareck
Published: November 2017

Background

The superiorly based facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap is pedicled on the angular artery. This flap offers a well‐vascularized mucosal surface allowing closure of medium size defects, most frequently within the oral cavity and intranasal region.

Methods

We describe a superiorly based harvest of the FAMM flap, which may be used for closure of multiple head and neck surgical defects. An operative technique video is provided, which can be viewed online.

Results

Our results demonstrate a fast and relatively straightforward harvest technique of the FAMM flap. This intraoral flap is a useful reconstructive tool, which also has the advantage to leave no visible external scars.

Conclusion

The superiorly pedicled FAMM flap is a versatile and effective technique that may be integrated in the algorithm for reconstruction of head and neck defects.
Extracorporeal photopheresis for graft versus host disease: Identifying a clinical pathway and associated resource utilization
Authors: Yerrabothala Swaroopa , Talebian Laleh , Klinker Karen , Hickman Joshua , Hill John M. , Hayes Christi , Lowrey Christopher , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Meehan Kenneth R.
Published: November 2017

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an established therapy for the treatment of graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD) following an allogeneic stem cell transplant. We performed a prospective analysis of patients receiving ECP treatment for GVHD to identify a clinical pathway and resource utilization of this process. The cohort included consecutive allogeneic stem cell recipients with GVHD. ECP was performed using the CELLEX Photopheresis System or the UVAR XTS Photopheresis System (Therakos, Inc, Exton, PA). A clinical pathway was developed and a time and motion study was conducted to define the resource utilization and costs associated with ECP. Patients were treated with either CELLEX (n = 18 procedures) or UVAR (n = 4 procedures). Total time commitment for each procedure for the 2 machines differed. The time for ECP was 117 min (median, range: 91‐164 min) using CELLEX and 161 min (median; range: 140‐210) using the UVAR‐XTS machine. Total costs of each ECP procedure were $3420.50. There is a considerable time commitment of the patient and the clinical staff when employing ECP to treat GVHD. ECP costs are significant considering this is a prolonged therapy continued for several months. With this finalized pathway and costs, we have a standardized clinical pathway for the treatment of GVHD. We are addressing minimizing resource utilization while emphasizing quality care for these patients.
Influence of fertilizers and rice cultivation methods on the abundance and diversity of phyllosphere microbiome
Authors: Thapa Shobit , Ranjan Kunal , Ramakrishnan Balasubramanian , Velmourougane Kulandaivelu , Prasanna Radha
Published: November 2017

Rice paddies are man‐made, cross‐over ecologies of aquatic and terrestrial systems, which favor the proliferation of characteristic microbial communities. Moisture regimes under flooded and different levels of irrigation such as in direct seeded rice (DSR) and system of rice intensification (SRI) lead to modulation in crop physiology, soil nutrient availability, and the soil microbiome. However, the diversity of the rice phyllosphere microbiome is less investigated in terms of the influence of fertilizer application and the method of rice cultivation (conventional‐flooded, DSR and SRI). Scanning electron micrographs revealed the presence of bacteria as aggregates at microsites of the leaves. Phylogenetic analysis of the dominant culturable bacterial isolates using 16S rDNA sequences revealed that they belonged to the genera – Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Pantoea, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Erwinia, and Streptomyces. Fertilizer application brought about a distinct modulation in the communities belonging to phyla such as Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes, and Planctomyces, besides Proteobacteria. The cyanobacterial population was much influenced by the cultivation methods, particularly the SRI. Principal component analysis (PCA), involving the culturable phyllospheric microbial groups and leaf attributes (nutrients and pigments), illustrated the importance of leaf nitrogen and zinc. Also, the communities of the phylum Firmicutes exhibited marked changes in terms of the diversity, not only due to the cultivation method, but also the application of fertilizers. Thus, the cultivation methods and fertilizer application played important roles in modulating both the structural (taxonomical) and functional attributes of the phyllosphere microbiome.
Influence of the South Pacific decadal variability on Southeast China rainfall during boreal autumn
Authors: Li Gang , Chen Jiepeng , Wang Xin , Tan Yanke
Published: November 2017

Using observational data and numerical experiments, the decadal relationship between South Pacific and rainfall over southeastern China during boreal autumn is examined. In the observational analyses, it is found that the boreal autumn South Pacific shows significant decadal variability with a significant periodicity of 11–21 years from 1960 to 2000, which is an independent phenomenon in the whole Pacific. This South Pacific decadal variability can induce significant decadal variability of boreal autumn rainfall over southeastern China. When the boreal autumn South Pacific decadal variability is in its positive phase, less rainfall appears over the southeastern China, and vice versa. The possible physical mechanisms are further investigated. It is suggested that the negative sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the extratropical South Pacific associated with positive phase of South Pacific decadal variability could result in an anomalous anticyclone to the east of Australia. The cross‐equatorial flow over the Maritime Continent and tropical western Pacific is enhanced under the influence of this anomalous anticyclone, favouring the location of western Pacific subtropical high moving more eastwards and then leading to the formation of anomalous cyclone over western North Pacific. To the west flank of this anomalous cyclone is the significantly anomalous northerly, which is favourable for less rainfall over southeastern China. On the other hand, significant negative SSTA appears in the Maritime Continent and tropical western Pacific could cause anomalous sinking motion here, which can further induce anomalous sinking motion over southeastern China through two meridional cells extending from Maritime Continent to southeastern China with a common rising branch over the southern South China Sea, thus resulting in less rainfall over southeastern China. Numerical experiments confirm our observational results.
Post‐Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification: An Old Problem in Need of New Solutions
Authors: Eisenstein Neil , Stapley Sarah , Grover Liam
Published: November 2017

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of pathological bone in ectopic sites and it can have serious consequences for functional outcomes. For many years, its main clinical relevance was as a rare complication of elective joint arthroplasty or CNS injury and a number of prophylaxes were developed to mitigate against it in these settings. As a consequence of changes in patterns of wounding and survival in conflicts since the turn of the century, post‐traumatic HO has become much more common and case severity has increased. It represents one of the main barriers to rehabilitation in a large cohort of combat‐injured patients. However, extant prophylaxes have not been shown to be effective or appropriate in this patient cohort. In addition, the lack of reliable early detection or means of predicting which patients will develop HO is another barrier to effective prevention. This review examines the current state of understanding of post‐traumatic HO including the historical context, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical issues, currently prophylaxis and detection, management, and potential future approaches. Our aims are to highlight the current lack of effective means of early detection and prevention of HO after major trauma and to stimulate research into novel solutions to this challenging problem. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1061–1068, 2018.
Characteristics of the water footprint of rice production under different rainfall years in Jilin Province, China
Authors: Li Hongying , Qin Lijie , He Hongshi
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Rice is a special crop, and its production differs from that of other crops because it requires a thin layer of water coverage for a long period. The calculation of the water footprint of rice production should differ from that of other crops owing to the rice growing process. This study improved the calculation of blue and grey water footprints of rice production and analyzed the variations in the water footprints for rice production under different rainfall years in Jilin Province.

RESULTS

In the drought year, the green water footprint was the lowest and the blue water footprint was the highest among the three years, while in the humid year, the green water footprint was the highest and the blue water footprint was not the lowest. The areas with higher water footprints were found in the east and west regions of Jilin Province, while the areas with lower water footprints were found in the middle east and middle regions of Jilin Province.

CONCLUSION

Blue water was the primary water resource for rice production, although more precipitation provided the highest green water in the humid year; also, the spatial distributions of water footprints were not the same under different rainfall years. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Persistently unbounded functions on locally compact Abelian groups
Authors: Pestman Wiebe R.
Published: November 2017

This paper deals, given an arbitrary locally compact Abelian group, with the existence of integrable functions all whose convolution powers are essentially unbounded.
Copper(0) Mediated Single Electron Transfer Controlled Radical Polymerization toward CF Bonds on Poly(vinylidene fluoride)
Authors: Tan Shaobo , Zhang Yanan , Niu Zhijing , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: November 2017

The first copper(0) mediated controlled radical polymerization (CRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) toward CF bonds onto poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is reported with rather high activity. By avoiding the halogen exchange, Cu0 instead of CuI complexes utilized as catalyst is responsible for the significantly improved polymerization activity. Using FH decoupled nuclear magnetic resonance technique, the grafting sites onto PVDF are finely located. From this, detailed topologic information including the grafting density, average length of each side chain, along with the overall grafted content of PMMA, is detected by tracking the polymerization as a function of time. This work offers not only a facile CRP strategy based on inactive CF bonds but also a deep insight into the cleavage of F‐bearing compounds in organic chemistry.
Variety in the video game industry: An empirical study of the Wundt curve
Authors: Kaimann Daniel , Stroh‐Maraun Nadja , Cox Joe
Published: November 2017

This study analyzes the effect of variety on consumer utility using historical behavioral information for 1,397 consumers participating in 729,049 unique rounds of play. We show that consumers generally exhibit a preference for variety as part of their gameplay utility. The relationship between variety and utility is nonlinear and follows, at least for some types of variety, an inverted u‐shape as predicted by the Wundt curve. Our results represent the first such evidence on the importance of variety in video gaming, which has significant implications for consumption through optimization of gameplay utility to satisfy the demand for variety.
A new method of simulating volcanic eruption column formation and dispersion of ejected ash clouds
Authors: Arenal F. Espinosa , Avila R. , Raza S. S.
Published: November 2017

A new Eulerian−Lagrangian model is developed to predict the formation of eruption columns, and the long range transport and dispersion of volcanic ash clouds in the atmosphere. The model capability is tested by presenting the atmospheric dispersion of ash clouds released during two eruptions of the Popocatepetl volcano in Mexico. The atmospheric wind predictions were made by using the Eulerian regional atmospheric modelling system (RAMS), which is well tested over the Mexico region. Two Lagrangian models were also employed: (1) an eruption column formation model and (2) a Lagrangian stochastic deterministic (LSD) particle dispersion model. In a LSD model, the continuous plume is simulated by several puffs (clouds) successively released in the atmosphere. (1) The influence of the wind on the eruption column, (2) the transport and dispersion of the ash cloud and (3) the concentration of volcanic ash using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics technique are reported. This is thought to be a unique combination of mathematical prediction models and would be of interest to the broader scientific community. The formation of the eruption column is compared with ground observations, while the long range trajectory of the ash clouds is compared with images based on satellite data, qualitatively. In both cases the agreement within the observed and simulated plume shape was found to be satisfactory which indicated the suitability of the Eulerian wind prediction model (RAMS) in the region as well as that of Lagrangian models employed in the study.
Performance of various techniques in estimating missing climatological data over snowbound mountainous areas of Karakoram Himalaya
Authors: Kanda Neha , Negi H. S. , Rishi Madhuri S. , Shekhar M. S.
Published: November 2017

Filling gaps in climate data concerning mountainous areas with high spatial variability is significantly important since gaps tend to decrease the accuracy of trend estimation. In this study, the performance of seven classical methods in estimating missing values of maximum temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation at different time scales, i.e. daily (with different cases of missing data), weekly, biweekly and monthly, over Karakoram Himalaya was evaluated. Four performance indicators, i.e. mean absolute error, root mean squared error, co‐efficient of efficiency and skill score, were used to evaluate the relative performance of the methods; the mean absolute error was preferred over the other three measures for selecting the best method. The results indicate that multiple linear regression using the least absolute deviation criterion is best suited for estimation of all variables at all temporal scales except monthly precipitation data. It was also found that, for any variable, the deviation from the observed values decreased with increasing time step, i.e. there was more deviation on a daily scale than monthly.
An efficient sequence for fetal brain imaging at 3T with enhanced T1 contrast and motion robustness
Authors: Ferrazzi Giulio , Price Anthony N. , Teixeira Rui Pedro A.G. , Cordero‐Grande Lucilio , Hutter Jana , Gomes Ana , Padormo Francesco , Hughes Emer , Schneider Torben , Rutherford Mary , Kuklisova Murgasova Maria , Hajnal Joseph V.
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Ultrafast single‐shot T2‐weighted images are common practice in fetal MR exams. However, there is limited experience with fetal T1‐weighted acquisitions. This study aims at establishing a robust framework that allows fetal T1‐weighted scans to be routinely acquired in utero at 3T.

Methods

A 2D gradient echo sequence with an adiabatic inversion was optimized to be robust to fetal motion and maternal breathing optimizing grey/white matter contrast at the same time. This was combined with slice to volume registration and super resolution methods to produce volumetric reconstructions. The sequence was tested on 22 fetuses.

Results

Optimized grey/white matter contrast and robustness to fetal motion and maternal breathing were achieved. Signal from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and amniotic fluid was nulled and 0.75 mm isotropic anatomical reconstructions of the fetal brain were obtained using slice‐to‐volume registration and super resolution techniques. Total acquisition time for a single stack was 56 s, all acquired during free breathing. Enhanced sensitivity to normal anatomy and pathology with respect to established methods is demonstrated. A direct comparison with a 3D spoiled gradient echo sequence and a controlled motion experiment run on an adult volunteer are also shown.

Conclusion

This paper describes a robust framework to perform T1‐weighted acquisitions and reconstructions of the fetal brain in utero. Magn Reson Med 80:137–146, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Mixed isogeometric analysis of strongly coupled diffusion in porous materials
Authors: Dortdivanlioglu B. , Krischok A. , Beirão da Veiga L. , Linder C.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we develop a mixed isogeometric analysis approach based on subdivision stabilization to study strongly coupled diffusion in solids in both small and large deformation ranges. Coupling the fluid pressure and the solid deformation, the mixed formulation suffers from numerical instabilities in the incompressible and the nearly incompressible limit due to the violation of the inf‐sup condition. We investigate this issue using subdivision‐stabilized nonuniform rational B‐spline (NURBS) elements, as well as different families of mixed isogeometric analysis techniques, and assess their stability through a numerical inf‐sup test. Furthermore, the validity of the inf‐sup stability test in poromechanics is supported by a mathematical proof concerning the corresponding stability estimate. Finally, two numerical examples involving a rigid strip foundation on saturated soil and a swelling hydrogel structure are presented to validate the stability and to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach.