bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redes alimentares alternativas, agroecologia e a construção social de mercados
Authors: Resende Eugênio Martins de Sá , Freitas Alair Ferreira de
Published: July 2019

Os estudos dos sistemas agroalimentares, mesmo que recentes, têm apontado diversos impactos na forma como as pessoas no campo e nas cidades se alimentam, sobretudo a partir da Revolução Industrial e da Revolução Verde. Esses impactos são perceptíveis nos âmbitos ambiental, social, econômico e de saúde, fortalecendo cada vez mais os impérios agroalimentares a partir de regras e normas globais que excluem agricultores familiares camponeses e dificultam a comercialização de seus produtos em mercados formais e também locais e informais. No entanto, na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, apesar da predominância da monocultura do café, experiências locais baseadas na agroecologia e nas redes alimentares alternativas (RAA) vêm crescendo. A partir de metodologias da pesquisa participante como os intercâmbios agroecológicos, o objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever e analisar experiências agroecológicas e suas relações com os mercados, relacionando-as com as RAA. O estudo apontou que a agroecologia contribui para o desenvolvimento e ampliação dessas redes, a partir das relações sociais estabelecidas e na preocupação ambiental, ampliando os debates acerca dessas experiências locais.
APLIKASI KONSEP DEAF SPACE PADA PERANCANGAN SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA TUNARUNGU (SLB-B)
Authors: Permadi Rully , Anggriani Niniek , Winarto Erwin Djuni
Published: July 2019

Sekolah Luar Biasa Tuna Rungu (SLB-B) Di Surabaya Barat merupakan sebuah fasilitas pendidikan khusus bagi difabiltas tunarungu di Jawa Timur yang bertujuan untuk mencetak generasi difabel tunarungu yang mandiri dan siap dalam persaingan global. Dirancang khusus sesuai dengan karakteristik dan perilaku difabel tunarungu yang memiliki keterbatasan dalam menerima informasi verbal (suara), dikarenakan oleh gangguan yang dialami pada indera pendengaraannya sejak lahir ataupun paca kelahiran, sehingga difabel tunarungu lebih cenderung mengandalkan indera pengelihatan untuk dapat menerima informasi. Namun, saat ini kita hidup di dunia yang mengandalkan penyampaian informasi melalui media suara. Sehingga perlu adanya sebuah tempat dimana difabel tunarungu lebih dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan serta menggali ilmu pengetahuan sebelum akhirnya mereka siap dalam persaingan global yang sesunguhnya. Berdasarkan isu tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan mendesain sebuah bangunan pendidikan yang dirancang khusus untuk difabel tunarungu (deaf space), dengan mengangkat tema “see the world, face the future” yang dapat dapat diartikan bahwa pendidikan adalah salah satu hal terpenting dalam kehidupan manusia, pendidikan dapat membuka pengetahuan dan keilmuan seluas-luasnya sehingga dengan pendidikan yang baik manusia akan semakin siap dalam menghadapi persaingan global di masa yang akan datang.
Decision Making Process of SMEs for Using Social Media Marketing in Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: EBGC Adhania Andika Prayudanti , EBGC Devi Urianty Miftahul Rohmah
Published: July 2019

Digital era is a characteristic of Industrial Revolution 4.0 that influence towards all aspect of human life. Social media marketing is considered to be one of the technologies in the digital era that can facilitate SMEs to do business activities especially marketing activities, customer relationship, promotion, and innovation. The importance of social media marketing in digital era that its technology easy to use and need low cost. It can be applied in our smartphone, can effectively communicate with customer for promotion and branding. The aim of this paper is to define whether SMEs urgently need social media marketing in industrial revolution 4.0. This paper will review the aspects that can be motivate and disruptions of SMEs using social media marketing. The advantage of social media marketing is one of the case that can motivate SMEs using social media marketing. Meanwhile the trust and lack of the ability to using social media marketing can be disruption.
Prediction of Perineal Tear During Childbirth by the Assessment of Striae Gravidarum Score
Authors: Banu Mahbuba Akhter , Nargis SF , Rahman Mohammad Mizanoor , Sina Md Mohim Ibn , Pervin Murshida , Manjari Mamata
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Perineal tear (PT) is the most frequently occurring injury during vaginal birth. Striae gravidarum (SG) is a reflecting marker of connective tissue elasticity. This study aimed to assess SG score and to predict the likelihood of PT during childbirth.

Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done at Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital. Initially, all pregnant women admitted for vaginal delivery were enrolled but who subsequently needed lower segment caesarean section were excluded. Finally, 189 patients who gave vaginal birth were included. SG score was assessed using the Atwal numerical scoring system. The association was examined between PT as the outcome measure, defined by tears or lacerations and the total striae score (TSS) obtained at abdomen, hips, buttocks and breasts.

Results: More than half of study patients developed PT. Majority belonged to moderate striae group. Significant correlation was found between PT and TSS. Moderate and severe striae had significantly increased prevalence of PT as compared to mild striae (43.4% vs. 11.6%). Patients who were given episiotomy in moderate and severe striae group had less PT. Weight gain during pregnancy and TSS were significantly associated with a higher incidence of PT.

Conclusion: A woman’s SG score in general is a useful clinical predictor of the risk for PT during childbirth. Selective episiotomy in patients with moderate and severe striae can reduce the incidence of PT. SG score can be used as a simple and noninvasive tool by all categories of health personnel to better define women at risk for PT.

Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 64-67
Outcome of Patients Having Acute Myocardial Infarction with and without Streptokinase
Authors: Uddin Faruque , Hoque AK Fazlul
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death. Streptokinase is the most commonly used thrombolytic agent. This study was conducted to compare in-hospital outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving streptokinase with those not receiving it.

Materials & Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted at Coronary Care Unit, North East Medical College Hospital from 1st July August 2016 to 30th June 2018. 340 patients having acute MI were in- cluded in the study. Two groups were formed: sk group receiving streptokinase and non-sk group not receiving. In-hospital mortality was the primary end point while mechanical and electrical complications were the secondary end points.

Results: Among 340 patients, 255(75%) were males and 85(25%) females. Out of those 218 received strep-tokinase, while 122 did not. Mean age of sk group was 53.15±10.30 years and non-sk group 60.5±16 ears. Mean time of arrival to the hospital after symptom onset was 10.41±9.97 hours. SK group patients reached in 5.9±4.76 hours while non-sk group in 19.4±10.5 hours. In-hospital mortality in sk and non-sk group was 19(8.7%) and 25(20.5%) respectively, p=0.002. Complication rate was significantly higher in the non-sk group, 54.09% vs 34.86%, p=0.04.

Conclusion: Patients of acute myocardial infarction receiving streptokinase have significantly lesser in-hospital mortality and complications as compared to patients not receiving it.

Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 68-71
Frequency of Lympnode Metastasis in Supraglottic Ca Larynx
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammad Rokan Uddin , Ali Mohammad Idris , Siddiquee Balayet Hossain , Johora Fatema , Hossain Mohammad Kamal
Published: July 2019

Introduction: To observe the association between the level of lymph node metastasis and the T- stage and to evaluate the N- stage in supraglottic carcinoma of larynx.

Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 80 consecutive cases of supraglottic carcinoma larynx in three tertiary level hospital in Dhaka during July'2009 to March 2011.

Results: The highest number of patients were in the age group 5th and 6th decades. Male to female ratio was 9:1. Topographically 70 cases (87.5%) had lesions involving epiglottis, 5 cases (6.25%) in aryepiglottic fold and 5 cases (6.25%) had lesions at false cord. Majority cases were histopathologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma (95%) and among them 46 cases (57.5%) had well differentiated. Cervical metastatic lymph nodes were found 40% (32 cases) where level-II was most common. This was most frequent in early supraglottic(T1&T2) carcinoma of larynx (86.25%), P=0.008. A positive correlation was found between the T stage of primary tumours and frequency of cervical lymphadenopathy. Lymph node metastasis were 4.77% in T1, 37.50% in T2, 71.43% in T3 and 91.67% in T4. In early stage lymph node involved 93.75% in Level- II, 6.25% in Level- III & in advanced stage 100% in Level - II, 62.5% in Level - III and 25.0% in Level - IV. Distribution of study cases (31.25%) in stage-II, 25% in stage-I, 22.50% in stage-Ill and 21.25% were in stage-IV.

Conclusion: Result of this study may help the clinician for planning of treatment of this malignant diseases as well awareness.

Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 72-75
A Clinicopathological Study of Solitary Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Haque GHM Shahidul , Hossain Md Jakir , Haque Sabrina , Rahman Md Anisur
Published: July 2019

Introduction:Common presentation of thyroid disorders is solitary nodule. A discrete swelling in an otherwise impalpable gland is termed as solitary nodule of thyroid. The majority of solitary thyroid nodules are benign. The incidence of malignancy is 10-20%, being more common in females with a mean age of 35 years.The object of the study was to identify the incidence of malignancy in solitary nodule thyroid which emphasizes on the early diagnosis and adequate treatment.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the department of ENT and Head-Neck Surgery of Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur and Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Boruga in 50 patients with solitary thyroid nodule from July 2013 to June 2015.

Results: The solitary thyroid nodules were seen in 1.76% of surgical admissions. The mean age of the incidence of solitary thyroid nodule is 35 years. The incidence of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule is 18.51%. The solitary thyroid nodules were frequent in females than males in the ratio of 6.71:1.

Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that a remarkable proportion 10% of solitary thyroid nodules was malignant with females preponderance which emphasizes on the early diagnosis and adequate treatment.

Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 85-88
Knowledge about Anemia among Pregnant Women in Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Sultana Fahmida , Ara Gulshan , Akbar Tania , Sultana Rayhana
Published: July 2019

Introduction: To evaluate knowledge about anemia among pregnant women visiting in OPD for antenatal care.

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in tertiary hospital Dhaka, from outdoor patient department of gynecology and obstetrics, to assess the knowledge about anemia among pregnant women and also to find out the percentage and type of anemia. A total 396 pregnant women were interviewed and information were collected by pre designed data collection sheet using various parameters. Interviews conducted by direct questionnaire, blood samples were collected at same setting.

Results: The mean age was 25.92±5.05, highest number 39.65% were age group 21-25 years, 28.79% were age group -30 years, 15.91% were age group 31-35 years, 11.36% were found age group <20 years. Regarding antenatal visit during pregnancy, 25.8% pregnant women visited in 1st trimester, 46.7% pregnant women visited in second trimester, and 27.5% in 3rd trimester. Also 11.11% patients had anemia in first trimester, 39.39% anemic in 2nd trimester, 14.39% pregnant women anemic in third trimester and 35.10% had normal findings. And 67% pregnant woman’s had knowledge about ANC 32% had no knowledge.

Conclusion: In this cross sectional study it was found that poor knowledge about anemia and less iron intake is the main cause for anemia during pregnancy.

Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 105-110
Outcome of Laparoscopic Deroofing of Renal Cyst- Our Experience
Authors: Haque Md Nazmul , Hossan Md Muazzam , Uddin Md Mofiz
Published: July 2019

Introduction: To evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic deroofing of renal cyst for the management of symptomatic renal cyst.

Materials & Methods: This study was performed on 32 patients having symptomatic renal cyst at the Department of Urology, Shahid Sheik Abu Naser Specialized Hospital, Khulna and two other private hospitals in Khulna from January 2015 to December 2017. Patients having cyst size less than 5cm, previous abdominal surgery and sepsis were excluded from this study. Transperitoneal approach was adopted in all cases. All patients were diagnosed by ultrasonography and computed tomography to determine the Bosniak classification of the cyst. Pain and cyst recurrence were assessed during the follow-up.

Results: Thirty-two patients (mean age=52.9±12 years) with large renal cyst (mean size=35±13) were included. All procedures were completed successfully, with no major intraoperative complications. The mean (range) operative duration was 56 (35–125) min, affected by the site and number of cysts unroofed. All patients were symptom-free except one, who had a recurrent large cyst, anteriorly located, and who underwent open cyst deroofing.

Conclusion: Laparoscopic deroofing of symptomatic renal cysts should be the standard of care, especially after failed percutaneous aspiration, with reduced postoperative pain, short hospital stay and cost effective. It is feasible with conventional laparoscopic instruments and gives a better cosmetic outcome.

Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 114-116
ПОДАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ В КОМП’ЮТЕРНО ОРІЄНТОВАНИХ ОСВІТНІХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЯХ ТА ЇЇ ЕКСПЛІКАЦІЯ В ІМПЕРАТИВАХ ПОСТМОДЕРНІЗМУ
Authors: Stezhko Yurii G.
Published: July 2019

The article highlights the performance and features of the application of information and educational technologies, the embodiment of which presents education at the level of a strategic resource for social and economic development. The role of computerization of educational technologies in the era of modernity and postmodern is being compared; the boundaries of effective application of formalization of reality in algorithms are outlined. The thought of the conditionality of information content by specifics of computer representation, the requirements of logical verification is carried out. It is said that the absolute domination in the era of modernism in the educational information technology of formal-logical rationality has had a detrimental effect on the humanistic component of social intelligence. Postmodernist imperatives encourage methodologists of information provision of education to recognize a wide range of types of rationality, in the content of which great importance is the weakening of logical correction in favor of strengthening the irrational component, subjectivity as creativity. It is postulated that it is inappropriate to determine the evaluation models of information on which the educational process is based, based only on the classical rationality in marking the truth and its criteria. The educational process in the competence model is oriented towards pragmatism and is therefore characterized by methodological pluralism, where any methodology can become the leading one depending on the didactic purpose, and the forms and methods of cognition are chosen situationally, based on the parity of the rational and irrational components of knowledge. Postmodern intellectualism has grown on the diversity of forms of comprehension of reality, on the syncretism of computer and human intelligence in educational technologies. It is noted that every civilizational transformation causes a reassessment of the semantic priorities of information, the relativization of forms of cognition, rethinking the criteria for assessing the level of socio-intelligence. At present, the prospect of innovative development of education is seen in the modernization of methodological culture and the very way of thinking of educators. Education should evolve ahead of civilization challenges.
FORMATION OF MEDIA COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS OF HUMANITARIAN FACULTIES DURİNG THE STUDY OF SPECIALIZED DISCIPLINES
Authors: Pokrovska Pokrovska L.
Published: July 2019

The article represents the results of an experimental study on the formation of the media competence of the student’s personality in the context of media education. The definitions of key terms have been given: media education, media literacy, media competence. Based on the experience of the higher educational establishments of Germany, the experimental study made it possible to trace both common and distinguishing characteristics in the formation of media competence. At the establishing stage of the experiment the following tasks were addressed: the pedagogical essence of the development of media competence of university students in Ukraine and the FRG; the elaboration of the criteria, levels and stages of development of the students’ media competence; the identification of the initial level of the media competence development of Ukrainian university students. At the forming stage, the research was concerned with highlighting of the media strengths of Ukrainian and German students in a comparative analysis, as well as checking the efficiency of the pedagogical conditions for the development of media competence of the university students. The results of the establishing stage of the experimental work revealed an insufficient level of development of media competence of Ukrainian university students, pointed out their main media preferences as value orientations in media space. The result of the forming stage is the development and implementation of the model of media competence development in the university educational process, making use of the German pedagogical experience of personality mediatization. In the course of the German language practical classes and in the optional course the following media education methods were used: the mediaobiographic method, the method of narrative analysis of media text, L. Kolberg’s method of moral dilemma. Thus, the experimental and peda gogical work carried out allows us to conclude that the implemented pedagogical methods promote the development of the levels of students’ media competence, as evidenced by the positive dynamics of the studied indicators among the Ukrainian students.
HYBRID COURSES IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE FOR PHILOLOGY STUDENTS
Authors: Zadorozhna Iryna P. , Klymenko Anatolii O. , Quam Philip
Published: July 2019

Face-to-Face learning is known to involve sessions occurring in traditional classroom settings during the required meeting times. The use of ICT in the given environment is optional and purely supplementary. Online education incorporates a range of asynchronous and synchronous activities to be done by students and teachers not being tied to a strict schedule or same location all the time. Hybrid learning should be treated not only as an opportunity to replace certain portion of traditional in-class activities, but also as a way to make the most out of face-to-face and online learning by its capability to meet the needs and purposes of a specific situation, as in the case with students from various countries, especially continents, studying the same course on- and off-line. It is a hybrid course, which to a big extent conforms to the dialectic unity of form and content in present circumstances, especially when it gets to learning foreign languages and cultures, by providing up-to-date educational content in various forms of interactive learning. The article presents the experience of organizing learning through a specially developed study course, which was run at educational institutions in Ukraine and the USA simultaneously within one academic year. The hybrid course is based on a number of approaches, namely: communicative approach (which focuses on learning language and culture through meaningful and real communication), reflective approach (that encourages students to analyze their experience, performance and change behaviour if necessary to improve the outcomes), integrated approach (providing a well-balanced program with extensive input as well as output and interaction practice, with a special focus on cultural issues). Besides main goals and tasks of the course, one of the ideas was to analyze the topical issues included in modules from points of view of both cultures (American and Ukrainian).
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІКТ ДЛЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ ФАХОВИХ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ У МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ І ЛІТЕРАТУРИ
Authors: Kucheruk Oksana A. , Karaman Stanislav A. , Karaman Olga V. , Vinnikova Nataliia M.
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the problem of the use of ICT means for the formation of professional competences of future teachers of the Ukrainian language and literature. The relevance of using e-learning resources in the system of vocational education of students-philologists is investigated. The essence of the concept of "professional competence of the teacher of the Ukrainian language and literature" is specified. The state of the use of ICT in the professional teaching of bachelors and masters of Ukrainian philology based on the analysis of the works of scientists, the synthesis of educational and methodical ideas, the generalization of their own pedagogical experience, questioning of students is determined; the experience of effective work of students of philology with ICT means in the context of vocational education is considered. The analysis of the use of e-learning tools for the mastery of Ukrainian philology by future teachers-speakers is carried out. The results of the survey and questioning of students-philologists concerning the activity and efficiency of using ICT tools in the professional training are described. It is empirically confirmed that the integration of ICT means into the traditional methodology of teaching the professional disciplines to future teachers of the Ukrainian language and literature makes it possible to improve the attitude of students towards vocational education. It is provided that the blog of the Ukrainian Language Cultural Center at Kyiv Borys Hrinchenko University is a significant educational potential for the professional training of students of philology since it is an important modern tool for maintaining new ways of teaching the language and it contains accessible electronic resources that are useful for the professional growth of future language teachers and affects educational activity of students positively. This article focuses on the educational potential of the Facebook community of the mentioned Center which brings professional education closer to the student, helps him to study, communicates in the Internet, and acquires the ability to continuous education despite the distance between the members of this Facebook community. It is generalized that active activities in the environment of the Facebook community of the Center develops the skills of critical thinking, communication in the virtual space, emotional intelligence, ability to process and structure significant information of the Ukrainian-speaking direction. The prospects of research on the use of ICT means for the professional training of the teacher of the Ukrainian language and literature have been determined.
SMART KIDS ЯК ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ НАВЧАННЯ УЧНІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ
Authors: Lytvynova Svitlana G.
Published: July 2019

The article presents an analysis of national and foreign experience of electronic textbooks use in the system of education. It is justified the use of Smart Kids technology as a system of methods, forms, and electronic educational game resources, electronic textbooks for educational process in the system of primary school. Four forms of Smart Kids technology implementation (Smart Case, Smart Teacher, Smart Class, and Smart Kids) were described considering the facilities of every school as well as the level of information and communication technology qualification of the primary school teacher. The aim of introduction of the technology for each form of teaching, the necessary equipment, and means for its implementation in primary school environment were determined. Based on the procedural approach to work of the primary school teacher, six stages of introduction of the technology were justified. Specific aspects of introduction of blended teaching using the principles of Smart Kids technology were defined. The experience of introduction of electronic textbooks to the system of primary education of Ukraine was described, the choice of electronic textbooks by primary school teachers was justified, the comments and suggestions of teachers regarding the arrangement of electronic content in E-textbooks were summarized, the main approaches of teachers to the choice of an electronic textbook and development of their information and communication competence were specified. Proposals are given for training future primary school teachers on the use of Smart Kids technology and the inclusion in the curriculum of topics such as: the concept of EER, EEGR and electronic textbook, structure and development of EER, the use of Smart Kids technology for teaching students, the latest forms of work with students, work with network programs for organizing a survey of students. The fragments of use of electronic textbook in teaching 6-year-old pupils were provided. It was identified that the forms, methods, and techniques of use of electronic textbooks in teaching primary school pupils require further justification.
Kâni Paşa-Zâde Rif ’at Bey’in “Hukuk-ı Umûmiyye” (İstanbul, 1290) Kitabı
Authors: AKKAYA KİA Rukiye
Published: July 2019

19. yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Batı arasındaki siyasi-ekonomik ilişkiler yoğunlaşırken, bürokratik görevdeki pek çok kişi çeşitli nedenlerle Avrupa’yı ziyaret etme, orada bir süre yaşama ya da eğitim görme olanağını bulmuşlardı. Özellikle yüksek diplomasi çalışanları, Batı siyasi düşüncesinin temel kavramlarını, Osmanlı kültür dünyasına taşıyan kanallardan biridir.Bu çalışmada; Kâni Paşa-zȃde Rif’at Bey’in, M. P. Pradier Fodéré’nin Principes généraux de droit de Politique et de Legislation (Paris,1869) adlı eserini, “Hukûk-ı Umûmiyye” başlığı ile Osmanlı Türkçesine çevirdiği kitabı incelenmiştir. Henüz Darülfünun Hukuk Mektebinde, bir ders olarak müfredata girmeden önce, Osmanlı Türkçesinde Kamu Hukuku ve “Genel Kamu Hukuku” adından bahseden kitap, bu kavramları “nakletmesi” ve dersin içeriği ile ilgili bilgi vermesi bakımından önemlidir.
Güncel Yargı Kararları ve Yasa Değişiklikleri Işığında İfade Alma ve Sorgu Sırasında Şüpheli/Sanığın Hakları
Authors: APİŞ Özge
Published: July 2019

Şüpheli/sanığın beyanları, salt maddi gerçeğin araştırılması faaliyeti değil, aynı zamanda savunma hakkının kullanıldığı en önemli ceza muhakemesi işlemleridir. Bu nedenle ifade alma ve sorgu, bazı yükümlülüklerle birlikte hakları da içinde barındırır. Her ne kadar ceza muhakemesinin klasik ve temel konularından biri olsa da uygulamada, ifade alma ve sorguda kronikleşmiş bir çok ihlalin yaşanması da klasik sorunlar olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu kapsamda yaptığımız çalışmada, söz konusu sorunların yasa değişiklikleri ve yargı kararlarındaki durumu incelenecektir.
İfade Özgürlüğü Kapsamında Maddi Olgular ve Değer Yargıları Ayrımı
Authors: GÜNAYDIN Gizem
Published: July 2019

İfade özgürlüğüne yapılan müdahalelerde özellikle hakaret davaları sonucu yapılan müdahalelerde söz konusu müdahalenin, hakkın ihlaline neden olup olmadığı konusunda maddi olgular ve değer yargıları arasında yapılacak ayrım belirleyici özelliktedir. İnsan Hakları Avrupa Mahkemesi (İHAM) bu ayrımın belirlenmesinde etkili olacak hususları zamanla içtihatlarında geliştirmiştir. Bir ifadenin değer yargısı veya maddi olguya dayanması durumunda müdahalenin ihlale yol açıp açmadığı hususunda bir takım ölçütler ayrıca bu içtihat ile gelişmiştir. Bu çalışmada söz konusu ayrımın yapılmasında incelenen hususlar ve ayrım yapıldıktan sonra uygulanan ölçütlerin değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır. Bu değerlendirme yapılırken hem İHAM içtihatları hem de ulusal uygulayıcı olarak Anayasa Mahkemesi (AYM)’nin kararları incelenecektir. Çalışmanın amacı bu alanda yapılan çalışmalarda yol gösterici standartların oluşturulması ve bu standartların AYM açısından nasıl uygulandığını açığa çıkartmaktır.
Beps’in 2 Numaralı Eylem Planı: Hibrit Uyumsuzlukların Etkilerinin Giderilmesi
Authors: ÖNAL Merve
Published: July 2019

Küreselleşen dünya ekonomisi, bireyler ve şirketler tarafından yapılan uluslararası vergi planlamasının önemli ölçüde artmasına neden olmuştur. Finansal krizlerin kamu maliyesi krizlerine dönüştüğü günümüzde vergi sorunları politik gündemi daha fazla oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Uluslararası vergi işbirliğindeki eksiklikler, endişeleri artırmış ve küresel düzeyde çözüm arayışlarını hızlandırmıştır. Bu kapsamda OECD, uluslararası vergi kurallarındaki eksiklerin giderilmesine yönelik olarak, Matrah Aşındırması ve Karın Kaydırılması Eylem Planı (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, BEPS) Projesini başlatmıştır. 15 eylem planından oluşan BEPS Projesinin temel amacı; vergilendirme yetkisinin gerçek ekonomik faaliyetle eşleştirilmesi olarak belirtilmektedir. BEPS eylem planları, ülkelerin matrah aşındırma ve kar kaydırma ile mücadele etmesine yardımcı olacak yeni veya güçlendirilmiş uluslararası standartları içermektedir. Söz konusu raporda 2 Numaralı Eylem Planı “Hibrit Uyumsuzluk Düzenlemelerinin Etkilerinin Giderilmesi” konusuna ayrılmıştır. Hibrit uyumsuzluk düzenlemeleri, çok uluslu şirketlerin vergiden kaçınma stratejilerinin önemli itici güçlerinden birisidir ve OECD bünyesinde yürütülen BEPS projesinin odak noktalarından birini oluşturmaktadır. OECD, bu eylem planı ile bir ülkede vergiye tabi olmayan bir gelirin diğer ülkede indirim konusu yapılmasının ve yurtdışında ödenen verginin birden çok kez mahsup edilmesinin önlenmesi yolları ile çifte vergilendirmeme durumunun engellenmesini hedeflemektedir. G20 ve OECD ülkesi olan Türkiye, 2012 yılında OECD/ G20 BEPS projesinin şartlarını yerine getirme taahhüdünde bulunmuştur. Ancak Türkiye, OECD’nin hibrit uyumsuzluklara yönelik tavsiyelerini uygulama konusunda henüz somut bir adım atmamıştır.
Yönetim Kurulu Üyelerinin Menfaati ile Şirket Menfaatinin Çatışması Bağlamında Sorumluluk
Authors: YUSUF AKIN Murat , SULU Muhammed
Published: July 2019

Şirket menfaati kavramı, 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nda tanımlanmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, bu kavrama kanunun pek çok yerinde bazen açıkça bazen de örtülü olarak değinildiği görülmektedir. Bu kavram, şirket eksenli çatışan tüm menfaatlerin ortak paydasıdır. Herhangi bir menfaat çatışmasında şirket menfaatinin tercih edilmesi, orta ve uzun vadede tüm menfaatlerin yararınadır. Bazı hallerde yönetim kurulu üyelerinin kendi menfaatlerini şirketin menfaatinin önünde tutarak şirket menfaatini zarara uğratması neticesinde hukukumuzdaki sorumluluk rejimi çerçevesinde hangi hukuki adımların atılacağı bu çalışmanın konusudur. Şirket menfaatini koruyucu esaslı bir rejimin hukukumuzda bulunmayışı, şirket menfaatine aykırı hareket eden yönetim kurulu üyelerinin aleyhine işletilecek sorumluluk hükümlerinin önemini artırmaktadır.
Götürü Tazminatın Hâkim Tarafından İndirilmesi Meselesi
Authors: ÖCAL APAYDIN Bahar , İNCE AKMAN Nurten
Published: July 2019

Sözleşme, tarafların karşılıklı ve birbirine uygun irade açıklamaları ile kurulan ve günlük hayatta en çok karşılaşılan hukuki işlemdir. Kural olarak sözleşme taraflarının sözleşmeden doğan borçlarını ifa edecekleri kabul edilir. Ne var ki, sözleşme taraflarının borca aykırı davranış sergilemeleri de karşılaşılan bir durumdur. Borca aykırı davranışın sonuçları Türk Borçlar Kanununda düzenlenmiştir. Ancak sözleşme serbestisi ilkesinin tanıdığı sınırlar içinde, tarafların borca aykırılık hâlinde ortaya çıkması muhtemel zararı tahmin etmek suretiyle ödenecek tazminatı götürü olarak belirlemesi mümkündür. Her ne kadar Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nda ve mehaz İsviçre Borçlar Kanunu’nda götürü tazminatı düzenleyen hükümler olmasa da, öğreti ve uygulamada götürü tazminat kavramı kabul edilmiştir. Uygulamada ise tarafların götürü tazminat kararlaştırmış olup olmadığı meselesi, sözleşmenin yorumu bakımından sıkça karşılaşılan bir meseledir. Bir diğer mesele ise taraflarca kararlaştırılan tazminatın gerçekte meydana gelen tazminattan daha fazla olması hâlinde, hâkimin kararlaştırılan tazminat miktarını indirip indiremeyeceğidir. Nitekim bu mesele, gerek İsviçre ve Türk hukuk öğretisi ve uygulamasında gerekse Alman hukuk öğretisi ve uygulamasında oldukça tartışmalı meselelerden birini teşkil eder. Özellikle ceza koşulunun indirilmesine ilişkin düzenlemenin götürü tazminatın indirilmesi bakımından da uygulanıp uygulanmayacağı konusu, tartışmaların ana eksenindeki konulardan biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öncelikle götürü tazminat kavramını, götürü tazminatın amaç ve işlevinin yanı sıra türlerini ele almaktır. Ardından hâkimin taraflarca kararlaştırılan götürü tazminatı indirmesi meselesi inceleme konusu yapılacaktır.
Ziynet Eşyasına İlişkin Sorunların Yargıtay Kararları Işığında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KULAKLI Emrah
Published: July 2019

Ziynet eşyasına ilişkin mevzuatımızda doğrudan bir düzenleme yer almamaktadır. Buna karşın, düğün münasebetiyle gelin ve damada yakınları tarafından verilen ziynet eşyalarının evlilik birliğinin sona ermesi halinde taraflara iadesine ilişkin genel hukuk ilkeleri ile çelişkiler içeren Yargıtay içtihatları, konuyu oldukça tartışmalı hale getirmiştir. Gelin veya damattan hangisinin ailesi veya davetlisi tarafından verildiğine bakılmaksızın ziynet eşyasının tümünün kadının kişisel malı olduğu yönündeki Yargıtay içtihadı, tartışmanın odak noktasını teşkil etmektedir.Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda, öncelikle ziynet eşyasının tanımı ve hukukî niteliğine ilişkin açıklamalarda bulunulacaktır. Ardından tartışılan Yargıtay içtihatları hakkında bilgi verilecek ve hukukî sorun ortaya koyulacaktır. Son olarak ise başta Türk Medeni Kanunu (TMK.) olmak üzere ilgili mevzuatın lafzı ve ruhundan yola çıkılarak konuya ilişkin Yargıtay içtihatları değerlendirilecek ve sonuç kısmında kanaatlerimize yer verilecektir.
Ayni Haklarda Belirlilik İlkesinin İstisnaları
Authors: BENLİ Erman
Published: July 2019

Ayni hakkın üçüncü kişilere karşı etkili olabilmesi için, üçüncü kişilerce tanınıp seçilebilmesi gerekir. Belirlilik ilkesi bu amaca hizmet eder. Bununla birlikte, belirlilik ilkesi istisnası olmayan bir ilke değildir. Belirlilik ilkesinin istisnaları iki grupta toplanabilir. Birincisi, toptan isteme ve götürü işleme dayalı istisnalardır. Bunlar; toplu rehin, öncelenmiş hükmen teslim, kat mülkiyeti, döner malvarlığının rehni ve ticari işletmenin bütün halinde rehnidir. İkincisi, külli intikale dayalı istisnalardır. Bunlar; malvarlığının veya işletmenin devralınması, ticari işletmenin devri, şirket birleşmeleri ve mirasın kazanılmasıdır. Belirlilik ilkesinin istisnaları, hukuki işlemin hızlı, kolay ve en az maliyetle yapılmasını sağlamayı hedefler.
Implementasi Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) Dalam Sistem Keamanan Open Cloud Computing
Authors: Muqorobin Muqorobin , Hisyam Zul , Mashuri Moch , Hanafi Hanafi , Setiyantara Yudhi
Published: July 2019

Keamanan merupakan bagian terpenting dalam sistem teknologi jaringan komputer. Diantara teknologi yang memanfaatkan jaringan adalah cloud computing. Salah satu penyedia cloud computing seperti eucalyptus menggunakan firewall untuk keamanan sistem. Penggunaan firewall pada sistem tidak dapat memantau dan menganalisa traffic yang berada di dalam server cloud dan tidak memberikan peringatan ketika terjadi sebuah serangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah peneliti akan menerapkan sebuah network intrusion detection system (NIDS) dilingkungan cloud computing dan mirroring traffic pada switch. Intrusion detection system (IDS) merupakan suatu teknologi keamanan yang mampu menganalisis traffic jaringan dan mendeteksi traffic apabila terindikasi serangan. NIDS ditempatkan dihost yang berbeda dengan server cloud computing. Dengan metode mirroring traffic pada switch, traffic akan diarahkan ke NIDS sehingga NIDS mampu merekam semua traffic jaringan yang berasal dari luar server cloud ataupun traffic antar virtual machine di dalam server cloud. Hasil pengujian serangan dengan 2 skenario yaitu penyerangan dari luar dan dari dalam sistem cloud, maka NIDS mampu memberikan respon alert untuk traffic serangan.
Simulasi Pelayanan Terminal Petikemas dalam Bidang Receiving Cargo Berbasis Software Sparkol Videoscribe
Authors: Suyanti Suyanti , Purnomo Cahya
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini meneliti pelaksanaan pengembangan media pembelajaran menggunakan sparkol videoscribe guna meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Manajemen Petikemas pada Prodi Ketatalaksanaan Pelayaran Niaga Akademi Maritim Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dan informasi dilakukan menggunakan metode observasi, angket dan studi dokumentasi. Metode yang digunakan peneliti adalah metode perancangan dan penelitian pengembangan (Design and Development Research) dengan prosedur penelitian ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Data diuji menggunakan analisis N-Gain. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan kesimpulan pelaksanaan pengembangan media pembelajaran menggunakan sparkol videoscribe dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari dua fakta, yaitu: 1) Berdasarkan hasil dari validasi ahli media, diperoleh hasil penilaian mutu teknis 67.50 % yang masuk dalam kategori baik dan nilai aspek media 77.88% yang masuk dalam kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil dari validasi ahli materi, diperoleh hasil penilaian aspek media 86.11% dan aspek kesesuaian materi 81.25% dimana kedua aspek tersebut masuk kedalam kategori sangat baik. 2) Adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata minat belajar taruna sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media sparkol videoscribe yaitu dari 64.67 menjadi 79.67. Berdasarkan hasil uji N-gain, peningkatan minat belajar taruna mendapat nilai gain sebesar 0.43 yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang.
Involvement of the Periaqueductal Gray in the Descending Antinociceptive Effect Induced by the Central Nucleus of Amygdala
Authors: BOURBIA N. , PERTOVAARA A.
Published: July 2019

Here we studied whether descending control of mechanical nociception by glutamate in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) of healthy control animals is induced by amygdaloid NMDA receptors and relayed through the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). Mechanical nociception in the hind paws was assessed in rats with chronic guide cannulae for glutamate administration in the right CeA and for inducing local anesthesia in the PAG. In a separate electrophysiological study, ON-like PAG neurons giving an excitatory response to noxious pinch of the tail were recorded in anesthetized rats following glutamate administration into the CeA. A high dose of glutamate (100 μg) in the CeA induced mechanical antinociception in the contra- but not ipsilateral hind limb. Antinociception was prevented by an NMDA receptor antagonist in the CeA or local anesthesia of the PAG. Discharge rate of ON-like PAG neurons was increased by a high dose of glutamate (100 μg) in the CeA and this increase was prevented by an NMDA receptor antagonist in the CeA. The results indicate that amygdaloid NMDA receptors in the CeA may induce contralaterally mechanical antinociception through a circuitry relaying in the PAG. Activation of ON-like PAG neurons is associated with the descending antinociceptive effect. Mechanisms and causality of this association still remain to be studied.
Severe Acute Heart Failure – Experimental Model With Very Low Mortality
Authors: LACKO S. , MLČEK M. , HÁLA P. , POPKOVÁ M. , JANÁK D. , HRACHOVINA M. , KUDLIČKA J. , HRACHOVINA V. , OŠŤÁDAL P. , KITTNAR O.
Published: July 2019

The growth in the experimental research of facilities to support extracorporeal circulation requires the further development of models of acute heart failure that can be well controlled and reproduced. Two types of acute heart failure were examined in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica): a hypoxic model (n=5) with continuous perfusion of the left coronary artery by hypoxic deoxygenated blood and ischemic model (n=9) with proximal closure of the left coronary artery and controlled hypoperfusion behind the closure. The aim was a severe, stable heart pump failure defined by hemodynamic parameters changes: a) decrease in cardiac output by at least 50 %; b) decrease in mixed venous blood saturation to under 60 %; c) left ventricular ejection fraction below 25 %; and d) decrease in flow via the carotid arteries at least 50 %. Acute heart failure developed in the first group in one animal with no acute mortality and in the second group in 8 animals with no acute mortality. In the case of ischemic model the cardiac output fell from 6.70±0.89 l/min to 2.89±0.75 l/min. The saturation of the mixed venous blood decreased from 83±2 % to 58±8 %. The left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 50±8 % to 19±2 %. The flow via the carotid arteries decreased from 337±78 ml/min to 136±59 ml/min (P≤0.001 for all comparisons). The proposed ischemic model is not burdened with acute mortality in the development of heart failure and is suitable for further use in experimental research into extracorporeal circulatory support.
Perfusion Scintigraphy in the Assessment of Autologous Cell Therapy in Diabetic Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: NEMCOVA A. , JIRKOVSKA A. , DUBSKY M. , BEM R. , FEJFAROVA V. , WOSKOVA V. , PYSNA A. , BUNCOVA M.
Published: July 2019

Perfusion scintigraphy with technetium-99-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) is often used for assessing myocardial function but the number of studies concerning lower limb perfusion is limited. The aim of our study was to assess whether 99mTc-MIBI was an eligible method for evaluation of the effect of cell therapy on critical limb ischemia (CLI) in diabetic patients. 99mTc-MIBI of calf muscles was performed before and 3 months after autologous cell therapy (ACT) in 24 diabetic patients with CLI. Scintigraphic parameters such as rest count and exercising count after a stress test were defined. These parameters and their ratios were compared between treated and untreated (control) limbs and with changes in transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) that served as a reference method. The effect of ACT was confirmed by a significant increase in TcPO2 values (p˂0.001) at 3 months after ACT. We did not observe any significant changes of scintigraphic parameters both at rest and after stress 3 months after ACT, there were no differences between treated and control limbs and no association with TcPO2 changes. Results of our study showed no significant contribution of 99mTc-MIBI of calf muscles to the assessment of ACT in diabetic patients with CLI over a 3-month follow-up period.
Dissecting the Role of Folr1 and Folh1 Genes in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: ŠILHAVÝ J. , KRIJT J. , SOKOLOVÁ J. , ZÍDEK V. , MLEJNEK P. , ŠIMÁKOVÁ M. , ŠKOP V. , TRNOVSKÁ J. , OLIYARNYK O. , MARKOVÁ I. , HÜTTL M. , MALÍNSKÁ H. , KAZDOVÁ L. , LIŠKA F. , KOŽICH V. , PRAVENEC M.
Published: July 2019

Increased levels of plasma cysteine predispose to obesity and metabolic disturbances. Our recent genetic analyses in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) revealed mutated Folr1 (folate receptor 1) on chromosome 1 as a quantitative trait gene associated with reduced folate levels, hypercysteinemia and metabolic disturbances. The Folr1 gene is closely linked to the Folh1 (folate hydrolase 1) gene which codes for an enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of dietary polyglutamyl folates in the intestine. In the current study, we obtained evidence that Folh1 mRNA of the BN (Brown Norway) origin is weakly but significantly expressed in the small intestine. Next we analyzed the effects of the Folh1 alleles on folate and sulfur amino acid levels and consecutively on glucose and lipid metabolism using SHR-1 congenic sublines harboring either Folr1 BN and Folh1 SHR alleles or Folr1 SHR and Folh1 BN alleles. Both congenic sublines when compared to SHR controls, exhibited significantly reduced folate clearance and lower plasma cysteine and homocysteine levels which was associated with significantly decreased serum glucose and insulin concentrations and reduced adiposity. These results strongly suggest that, in addition to Folr1, the Folh1 gene also plays an important role in folate and sulfur amino acid levels and affects glucose and lipid metabolism in the rat.
Learning Malay with Poems: From Understanding Stylistics to Blogging Poetic Expressions
Authors: Sew Jyh Wee
Published: July 2019

We provide a bifocal account on teaching techniques and learning achievements in suggesting that Malay poems, as a resource, are beneficial to foreign language pedagogy. The teaching focus was the Malay poetic-discursive strategies at the stylistic levels. By examining the structures of three poems, the pedagogy positions Malay poems as communicative assembles of Malay linguistic categories for conveying a series of messages. A learning focus is in place toward the production of a poem in the weblogs for developing the confidence to communicate in Malay. The learning results in three submissions from four tertiary learners who produce reflective poetic expressions with visual stimulations. Their creative outputs indicate that poetry offers a cathartic avenue for developing interpersonal intelligence. Writing about sibling relationship, inter-generation gap and conviction for success, the poem project perpetuates intrinsic values thus complementing the pragmatic reasons typically associated with foreign language education. In this respect, language pedagogy using Malay poems is a value-adding practice relevant in foreign language education.
Aspect in Malay Verbs: Realigning Time and Volition to Malay Events
Authors: Sew Jyh Wee
Published: July 2019

This article examines existing studies of Malay verbs by major local Malay scholars. An interesting finding from the review is that there is a lack of emphasis on aspect as a semantic category in Malay verbs. The lack of overt tense marking in Malay verbs suggests that the verbs operate according to an internal temporal framework. Hence, it is necessary to highlight aspect as the underlying semantico-syntactic operator in Malay syntax guided with verb. To illuminate the point, verbal frames are incorporated as the necessary semantic template for the operation of Malay verbal prefixes in Malay phrases. The explication, based on existing linguistic notions of syntax and semantics, offers different interpretations of verb structures from previous studies to pave the way for a more detailed analysis of Malay verbs that factors in aspect as part of the phrasal construction.