bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise do perfil epidemiológico em saúde Bucal de regiões distintas do Município de Penedo –AL: Estratégia de fortalecimento e redirecionamento da política de saúde bucal
Authors: Santos Edilaine Soares dos , Kantovitz Kamila Rosamíglia , Costa Karen Dalla , Omena Karini Vieira Menezes de , Omena Charlles Petterson Andrade de , Ataide Rezende de Gouveia Camylla
Published: June 2021

A realização de levantamentos epidemiológicos consitui-se de importante ferramenta para o conhecimento da prevalência das doenças bucais e, assim poder orientar o planejamento, execução e avaliação de ações de saúde em uma população.  Dessa forma, foi realizado um estudo transversal com 13.706 pessoas, residentes na zona rural e na zona urbana, em faixas etárias entre 0-60 anos, os quais foram classificados quanto ao risco à cárie, avaliados em:  1(baixo); 2(médio); 3(alto), fatores contribuintes para o câncer bucal, necessidade e uso de protése dentária e  prevalência de doença peridontal. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos à análise descritiva e Kappa com concordância intra e inter-avaliadores de 100% e 95%, respectivamente. Observou-se maior número de indivíduos enquadrados como risco 1 e 2 na zona urbana. Nos fatores contribuintes para o câncer bucal, a exposição ao tabagismo e ao etilismo foi semelhante nas populações analisadas. O uso de prótese, a zona rural (27%) se destacou em relação à urbana (18,2%), sendo a faixa etária de 20-59 anos mais cometida por portadores de uso de prótese dentária.  A prevalência de alteração na mucosa na mesma faixa etária (20-59 anos) foi fator de destaque entre as duas regiões, tendo a zona rural 6,2% e a zona urbana 2,8%.  Quanto ao desenolvimento de doença periodontal verificou-se  que a zona urbana  se destacou em relação a rural, tendo 25,13%  dos indivíduos com  a doença ativa. Tais resultados sugerem melhor direcionamento das políticas de saúde bucal e suas estratégias de cuidado, a fim de alcançar acesso ao serviço odontológico e resolutividade baseado nas especificidades de diferentes faixas etárias e localizações.
Enzymatic response of Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers, 1877) exposed to water from urban and rural rivers in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Mota Thais Arrais , Winkaler Elissandra Ulbricht , Oliveira Guilherme de , Rocha Sergio Schwarz da
Published: June 2021

Several biomarker enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) can be used to measure oxidative stress in animals caused by exposure to xenobiotics. The objective of the present study was to characterize different points of the Capivari (CP1 and CP2), Paraguaçu (PG1 and PG2) and Subaé (SB1 and SB2) Rivers, state of Bahia, in relation to the presence of xenobiotics, using CAT and GST as bioindicators in M. jelskii. The water-sampling sites were considered urban or rural and in all of them signs of environmental degradation were observed. Therefore, acute exposure tests (96h) were performed with water samples collected during the dry and rainy seasons. Results showed that the activity of CAT and GST in prawns exposed to water from CP1 and CP2 were very similar, while those exposed to water from PG1, PG2, SB1 and SB2 formed distinct groups of data. Significant increase in the activity of at least one of the analyzed enzymes in each sampling site was observed, when compared to animals in the control group. This demonstrated a possible oxidative stress in M. jelskii caused by the presence of xenobiotics in the water (e.g., domestic sewage, pesticides, oil, and heavy metals). Enzymatic activities were higher in animals from experiments carried out in the rainy season, except for the CAT activity of animals exposed to water from Subaé River. This study demonstrated the potential of M. jelskii as bioindicator and contributed to the knowledge of aspects of the antioxidant defense system of this species.
Rigor development and meat quality of Murrah buffalo from different production systems
Authors: Andrade Bruna Fernandes , Castro Maira Mendonça de , Rodrigues Lorena Mendes , Torres Filho Robledo de Almeida , Fontes Paulo Rogério , Ramos Eduardo Mendes , Ramos Alcinéia de Lemos Souza
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rigor mortis development and its effects on striploins quality of Murrah buffalos from meat (males) and dairy (females) productions. The rigor was monitored during carcass chilling (up to 22 h postmortem) and the meat physicochemical traits was accessed after 72 h postmortem. Glycolytic rate, measured by decreasing pH and glycogen content, was higher (p < 0.05) in female than in male buffalo, leading to a different onset rigor time (5-6 h and 9-10 h, respectively). Male meat had (p < 0.05) lower fat (1.41 vs 3.58%) and insoluble collagen (1.18 vs 1.58 mg g-1) contents, but higher soluble collagen content (5.16 vs 20.38%), sarcomere length (1.65 vs 1.84 µm), myofibrillar fragmentation (334 vs 295) and shear force (39.38 vs 25.92 N) than females. These results suggest that dairy buffalo meat is more tender and can be used on the market as high-quality meat such as from buffalo raised to meat production.
Morfologia de espécies medicinais de boldo cultivadas no Brasil
Authors: Fernandes José Martins , Lopes Célia Regina Araújo Soares , Almeida Anderson Alex Sandro Domingos
Published: June 2021

Para o Brasil, foram obtidos na literatura oito nomes de espécies conhecidas como boldo, quase todas com funções medicinais relacionadas ao estômago e fígado. O trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar diagnoses morfológicas para as espécies conhecidas como boldo, cultivadas no Brasil, bem como uma chave para identificação, figuras, comentários taxonômicos e medicinais. Foi baseado em cinco coletas férteis de boldo no município de Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, e 47 exsicatas digitalizadas em bancos de dados online, provenientes de coletas realizadas no Brasil, totalizando 52 amostras examinadas. As diagnoses foram realizadas a partir de caracteres vegetativos e reprodutivos no Laboratório de Morfologia Vegetal, no Herbário da Amazônia Meridional (UNEMAT). São apresentadas três espécies de boldo cultivadas no Brasil, com usos medicinais relacionados ao estômago e fígado: Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. ex Walp., Plectranthus barbatus Andr. e Plectranthus neochilus Schltr., diferenciadas quanto a filotaxia, formato das lâminas e margens foliares, coloração de tricomas glandulares, tipos de inflorescências e adensamento entre as flores em antese. Espécimes determinados nos herbários como Plectranthus ornatus Codd não correspondem a espécie, mas a P. neochilus. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. não foi considerada como boldo devido não ter usos relacionados ao estômago e fígado, nem conhecida em literaturas tradicionais como boldo. Com o uso da morfologia vegetal, revisões taxonômicas, e-taxonomy e referências de plantas medicinais foi possível apresentar espécies popularmente chamadas de boldo no Brasil e com nomes científicos válidos, bem como, questionar espécies com ocorrência e nome popular duvidosos.
Análise da qualidade de vida e risco para nomofobia no uso de smartphones
Authors: Santos Karen Helena Costa , Cruz Bruna da Silva , Cardoso Jean Matheus Sena , Silva Milena Lara Gomes da , Campos Nahara Benedito , Cunha Vitória Monique Costa da , Silva Júlio Cesar Santos da , Ferreira Marcela dos Santos
Published: June 2021

Introdução: O uso das tecnologias está cada vez mais se modificando, ao mesmo tempo em que também altera as pessoas. O contato com as tecnologias atuais, como os smartphones, pode gerar diversas respostas emocionais e alterar o bem-estar subjetivo, sendo uma delas a nomofobia. Objetivo: Analisar a interatividade da população com os smartphones, em relação ao impacto na qualidade de vida e ao risco de desenvolvimento da nomofobia. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 96 usuários de smartphones que responderam a um conjunto de perguntas baseadas no formulário: questionário para avaliação de dependência de smartphone (Khoury, 2017) que abordava afirmações relacionadas à dependência ao celular. As afirmações podiam ser respondidas de forma positiva ou negativa. Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio da estatística descritiva.  Resultados e discussão: Constatou-se que 90,6% (87) da amostra é composta por jovens entre 14 e 20 anos e 62,5% (60) do gênero feminino. Entre as mulheres, 53,3% (32) obtiveram escore positivo para a tendência à nomofobia. Apesar dos sintomas de ansiedade, a dependência ainda não se manifesta na maioria dos participantes, foi observado em 65,6% (63) da amostra que algumas atitudes já são evidentes, como olhar mensagens ou aplicativos continuamente, esperando alguma interação social recente. Conclusão: Identificou-se que o uso excessivo de aparelhos eletrônicos capazes de acessar a internet é o principal fator para o desenvolvimento da nomofobia, interferindo negativamente na qualidade de vida de indivíduos. Dentre eles, os mais jovens, com mais acesso à internet, revelam-se mais propensos a apresentar manifestações clínicas da nomofobia.
Spatial investigation of soil penetration resistance and its impacts on cultivation of ‘BRS Princesa’ banana
Authors: Silva Eudocio Rafael Otavio da , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Barros Murilo Machado de , Silva Gabriele Oliveira , Tavares Patrícia Oliveira , Vaz André Felipe de Sousa
Published: June 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the spatial variability of soil penetration resistance (SPR) in cultivation areas of ‘BRS Princesa’ banana, to evaluate its effects on the chemical and physical attributes of the soil and to indicate localized management. The experiment was carried out in an area of cultivation ‘BRS Princesa’ banana, in which 60 georeferenced points were recorded. SPR was measured from the cone index to 0.40 m depth using an impact penetrometer. Disturbed samples were collected at depths of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m and the soil attributes pH, Ca, Mg, Al, Na, K, P, H + Al, SB, T Value, V%, total sand, total clay, silt, TOC, POC, MAOC and gravimetric moisture were determined. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, Pearson’s linear correlation and geostatistical analysis. SPR values in subsurface suggest greater compaction in subsurface and the significant correlations with soil attributes indicate losses for banana plants, so localized management should be carried out. It was found that 46.7% of the total area of the banana plantation does not need to be decompacted, and localized subsoiling at a varying depth is indicated in the other regions.
Antihypertensives and COVID-19: Literature review
Authors: Silva Thais Cristina Loyola da , Villarim Pedro Vilar de Oliveira , Goés Alyne Barreto Mesquita de , Marinho Vitória Ribeiro Dantas , Araújo Natália Marcelino , Silva André Luiz Costa e , Rêgo Amália Cinthia Meneses , Araújo-Filho Irami
Published: June 2021

Hypertensive patients with COVID-19 are susceptible to complications of the disease, so this study aimed to analyze the action of drugs that act on Angiotensin (TA) in the presence of COVID-19 in comparison with other antihypertensives, as well as to identify the main ones. evidence on the subject presented so far. It is an integrative literature review containing 34 articles selected according to the inclusion criteria, between January / 2020 to February / 2021, in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The results do not show a causal relationship between the increase in COVID-19 infection and the use of RAAS inhibitors, but a possible protective effect of these against the severe manifestation of the disease due to the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory diseases of AT II. Thus, about ⅔ of the studies defended the continuity of use and the protection factor of RAAS blockers to the detriment of the other classes of antihypertensive drugs that do not modulate RAAS. It was found, then, that antihypertensive treatment should be maintained, as it does not worsen the prognosis in the face of Sars-CoV-2 infection. However, the studies are mainly observational and, therefore, cannot establish strong causal relationships. For this reason, robust randomized controlled trials are needed to better understand this topic.
Constructive and Destructive Processes During the 2018–2019 Eruption Episode at Shiveluch Volcano, Kamchatka, Studied From Satellite and Aerial Data
Authors: Shevchenko Alina V. , Dvigalo Viktor N. , Zorn Edgar U. , Vassileva Magdalena S. , Massimetti Francesco , Walter Thomas R. , Svirid Ilya Yu. , Chirkov Sergey A. , Ozerov Alexey Yu. , Tsvetkov Valery A. , Borisov Ilya A.
Published: June 2021

Dome-building volcanoes often develop by intrusion and extrusion, recurrent destabilization and sector collapses, and renewed volcanic growth inside the collapse embayment. However, details of the structural architecture affiliated with renewed volcanic activity and the influences of regional structures remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze the recent activity of Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, characterized by repeated episodes of lava dome growth and destruction due to large explosions and gravity-driven collapses. We collect and process a multisensor dataset comprising high-resolution optical (aerial and tri-stereo Pleiades satellite), radar (TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X satellites), and thermal (aerial and MODIS, Sentinel-2, and Landsat 8 satellites) data. We investigate the evolution of the 2018–2019 eruption episode and evaluate the morphological and structural changes that led to the August 29, 2019 explosive eruption and partial dome collapse. Our results show that a new massive lava lobe gradually extruded onto the SW flank of the dome, concurrent with magmatic intrusion into the eastern dome sector, adding 0.15 km3 to the lava dome complex. As the amphitheater infilled, new eruption craters emerged along a SW-NE alignment close to the amphitheater rim. Then, the large August 29, 2019 explosive eruption occurred, followed by partial dome collapse, which was initially directed away from this SW-NE trend. The eruption and collapse removed 0.11 km3 of the dome edifice and led to the formation of a new central SW-NE-elongated crater with dimensions of 430 m × 490 m, a collapse scar at the eastern part of the dome, and pyroclastic density currents that traveled ∼12 km downslope. This work sheds light on the structural architecture dominated by a SW-NE lineament and the complex interplay of volcano constructive and destructive processes. We develop a conceptual model emphasizing the relevance of structural trends, namely, 1) a SW-NE-oriented (possibly regional) structure and 2) the infilled amphitheater and its decollement surface, both of which are vital for understanding the directions of growth and collapse and for assessing the potential hazards at both Shiveluch and dome-building volcanoes elsewhere.
Inhibition of the IFN Response by Bluetongue Virus: The Story So Far
Authors: Rojas José Manuel , Avia Miguel , Martín Verónica , Sevilla Noemí
Published: June 2021

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the prototypical orbivirus that belongs to theReoviridaefamily. BTV infection produces a disease in ruminants, particularly in sheep, that results in economic losses through reduced productivity. BTV is transmitted by the bite ofCulicoidesspp. midges and is nowadays distributed globally throughout subtropical and even temperate regions. As most viruses, BTV is susceptible to the IFN response, the first line of defense employed by the immune system to combat viral infections. In turn, BTV has evolved strategies to counter the IFN response and promote its replication. The present review we will revise the works describing how BTV interferes with the IFN response.
Sensitivity of the Spatial Distribution of Fixations to Variations in the Type of Task Demand and Its Relation to Visual Entropy
Authors: Maggi Piero , Di Nocera Francesco
Published: June 2021

Ocular activity is known to be sensitive to variations in mental workload, and recent studies have successfully related the distribution of eye fixations to the mental load. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of the spatial distribution of fixations as a measure of mental workload and its sensitivity to different types of demands imposed by the task: mental, temporal, and physical. To test the research hypothesis, two experimental studies were run: Experiment 1 evaluated the sensitivity of an index of spatial distribution (Nearest Neighbor Index; NNI) to changes in workload. A sample of 30 participants participated in a within-subject design with different types of task demands (mental, temporal, physical) applied to Tetris game; Experiment 2 investigated the accuracy of the index through the analysis of 1-min epochs during the execution of a visual-spatial task (the “spot the differences” puzzle game). Additionally, NNI was compared to a better-known ocular mental workload index, the entropy rate. The data analysis showed a relation between the NNI and the different workload levels imposed by the tasks. In particular: Experiment 1 demonstrated that increased difficulty, due to higher temporal demand, led to a more dispersed pattern with respect to the baseline, whereas the mental demand led to a more grouped pattern of fixations with respect to the baseline; Experiment 2 indicated that the entropy rate and the NNI show a similar pattern over time, indicating high mental workload after the first minute of activity. That suggests that NNI highlights the greater presence of fixation groups and, accordingly, the entropy indicates a more regular and orderly scanpath. Both indices are sensitive to changes in workload and they seem to anticipate the drop in performance. However, the entropy rate is limited by the use of the areas of interest, making it impossible to apply it in dynamic contexts. Conversely, NNI works with the entire scanpath and it shows sensitivity to different types of task demands. These results confirm the NNI as a measure applicable to different contexts and its potential use as a trigger in adaptive systems implemented in high-risk settings, such as control rooms and transportation systems.
Gut Microbial Metabolite Short-Chain Fatt Acids Partially Reverse Surgery and Anesthesia-Induced Behavior Deficits in C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Xu Xiaohan , Wang Kexin , Cao Xuezhao , Li Zhe , Zhou Yongjian , Ren Jiancong , Liu Fang
Published: June 2021

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that damages of gut microbiota are strongly associated with central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). The present study investigated the role of gut microbial metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in surgery-induced cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. Adult male C57BL/6J mice received either SCFA mixture or saline orally for 4 weeks, and then partial hepatectomy was performed. The fecal supernatant of surgical mice was transplanted to normal mice for 3 weeks. The Morris water maze (MWM) and open-field tests were used to evaluate behavioral performance on postoperative or post-transplantation days 3 and 7. In the MWM test, pretreatment with exogenous SCFAs partially reversed surgery-induced impairments in crossing times and the time spent in the target quadrant on postoperative day 3 (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). In the open-field test, compared with the surgical mice, exogenous SCFA administration prior to surgery partially improved the locomotor activity (p < 0.05) and anxiety-like behavior (p < 0.05) on postoperative day 3. Surgical trauma and anesthesia enhanced ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) expression (p < 0.001), increased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β (p < 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.001), and inhibited SCFA production (p < 0.001) on postoperative day 3. The expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also decreased (p < 0.001). Overall, surgical trauma and anesthesia exacerbated cognitive impairment, enhanced neuroinflammatory responses, and inhibited SCFA production. Pretreatment with SCFAs attenuated these effects partially by reversing microglial overactivation, inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses, and enhancing BDNF expression.
Elevated CO2 Modulates Plant Hydraulic Conductance Through Regulation of PIPs Under Progressive Soil Drying in Tomato Plants
Authors: Li Shenglan , Fang Liang , Hegelund Josefine Nymark , Liu Fulai
Published: June 2021

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations accompanied by abiotic stresses challenge food production worldwide. Elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) affects plant water relations via multiple mechanisms involving abscisic acid (ABA). Here, two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes, Ailsa Craig (AC) and its ABA-deficient mutant (flacca), were used to investigate the responses of plant hydraulic conductance to e[CO2] and drought stress. Results showed that e[CO2] decreased transpiration rate (E) increased plant water use efficiency only in AC, whereas it increased daily plant water consumption and osmotic adjustment in both genotypes. Compared to growth at ambient [CO2], AC leaf and root hydraulic conductance (Kleaf and Kroot) decreased at e[CO2], which coincided with the transcriptional regulations of genes of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1), and these effects were attenuated in flacca during soil drying. Severe drought stress could override the effects of e[CO2] on plant water relation characteristics. In both genotypes, drought stress resulted in decreased E, Kleaf, and Kroot accompanied by transcriptional responses of PIPs and OST1. However, under conditions combining e[CO2] and drought, some PIPs were not responsive to drought in AC, indicating that e[CO2] might disturb ABA-mediated drought responses. These results provide some new insights into mechanisms of plant hydraulic response to drought stress in a future CO2-enriched environment.
Research on the Effect of Executive Incentive Institutional Innovation on the Cost of Equity—Evidence From Chinese Listed Companies
Authors: Wang Jin , Deng Jie
Published: June 2021

Executive incentive has long been a hot topic among academics and practitioners. With the continuous development of China's manager market, the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship among executives has exerted a greater influence on corporate performance. Enterprise innovation is an important part of the entrepreneurial spirit. Moreover, China's supply-side reforms and compensation system of the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have been advanced and innovative. Therefore, based on the manager human capital theory and the organizational innovation theory, and using 15,492 firm-year observations from China's Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies for the period 2005–2018, we constructed various models, including the Gorden model, the Growth Rate of Price–Earnings Ratio model (PEG), the Ohlson and Juettner-Nauroth model (OJ), and the Capital Asset Pricing model (CAPM), to measure the cost of equity. We investigated the effect of the institutional innovation of executive incentives on the cost of equity, and the heterogeneous influence of China's special property rights system on the relationship between the two. We found that the innovations of the executive incentive system have a positive governance effect on the cost of equity. In particular, executive compensation incentives significantly reduce a company's equity costs. We also find that the state-owned property rights may weaken the positive effect of institutional innovation of executive incentives. Furthermore, China's executive incentives system and corporate governance mechanism are imperfect; and therefore, institutional innovation is a matter of great urgency and more innovative ideas for the manager market need to be introduced. China's listed companies should give full play to the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship, constantly innovating incentive-based compensation systems of companies, and establishing a scientific and innovative concept of the cost of equity. The findings are robust after controlling for potential endogeneity concerns.
Electron-Impact Ionization of Heavy Atoms Using the Time-Dependent Close-Coupling Method
Authors: Pindzola Michael S. , Loch Stuart D. , Colgan James P.
Published: June 2021

The time-dependent close-coupling method has been recently applied to calculate electron-impact direct ionization cross sections for the Kr, W, and Pb atoms. An overview is presented for these three heavy neutral atom systems. When the direct ionization cross sections are combined with excitation-autoionization cross sections, the total ionization cross sections were found to be in reasonable agreement with crossed-beams measurements for Kr and Pb.
Crystal Growth, Luminescence and Scintillation Characterizations of Cs2KLaCl6:Ce and Cs2KCeCl6
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Xiong Jianhui , Li Man , Geng Jufeng , Pan Shangke , Pan Jianguo
Published: June 2021

Elpasolite halides scintillation crystals have been proven to be very important materials for X-ray and γ-ray detector applications. The crystals of Cs2KLaCl6:4% Ce (CKLC) and Cs2KCeCl6 (CKCC) belong to novel scintillation of the Chloro-elpasolite crystal family. In this paper, the crystal growth of CKLC and CKCC crystals using the vertical Bridgman techniques were reported. The PXRD patterns showing both crystals have a cubic crystal structure. Both crystals have similar photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, the fluorescence decay time of CKLC and CKCC crystals were about 49.7 and 33.8 ns. The energy resolution under the excitation of 662 keV γ-rays from a 137Cs source were found to be 6.6% and 5.2% (FWHM), respectively. The scintillation decay times of CKLC crystal were τ1 = 127 ns (33%) and τ2 = 1617 ns (67%), while that of CKCC crystal were τ1 = 2.86 ns (5%) and τ2 = 81 ns (95%).
A Novel Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control-Based Double Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Systems: Real-Time Implementation
Authors: Mohammadi Moghadam Hooman , Gheisarnejad Meysam , Yalsavar Maryam , Foroozan Hossein , Khooban Mohammad-Hassan
Published: June 2021

Extensive use of wind turbine (WT) systems brings remarkable challenges to the stability and safety of the power systems. Due to the difficulty and complexity of modeling such large plants, the model-independent strategies are preferred for the control of the WT plants which eliminates the need to model identification. This current work proposes a novel model-independent control methodology in the rotor side converter (RSC) part to ameliorate low voltage ride through (LVRT) ability especially for the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) WT. A novel model-independent nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (MINTSMC) was developed based on the principle of the ultra-local pattern. In the suggested controller, the MINTSMC scheme was designed to stabilize the RSC of the DFIG, and a sliding-mode supervisor was adopted to determine the unknown dynamics of the proposed system. An auxiliary dual input interval type 2 fuzzy logic control (DIT2-FLC) was established in a model-independent control structure to remove the estimation error of the sliding mode observer. Real-time examinations have been carried out using a Real-Time Model in Loop (RT-MiL) for validating the applicability of the proposed model-independent control in a real-time platform. To evaluate the usefulness and supremacy of the MINTSMC based DIT2-FLC, the real-time outcomes are compared with outcomes of RSC regulated conventional PI controller and MINTSMC controller.
Effect of Water Hardness on Catechin and Caffeine Content in Green Tea Infusions
Authors: Cabrera Mica , Taher Faizah , Llantada Alendre , Do Quyen , Sapp Tyeshia , Sommerhalter Monika
Published: June 2021

The health benefits of green tea are associated with its high catechin content. In scientific studies, green tea is often prepared with deionized water. However, casual consumers will simply use their local tap water, which differs in alkalinity and mineral content depending on the region. To assess the effect of water hardness on catechin and caffeine content, green tea infusions were prepared with synthetic freshwater in five different hardness levels, a sodium bicarbonate solution, a mineral salt solution, and deionized water. HPLC analysis was performed with a superficially porous pentafluorophenyl column. As water hardness increased, total catechin yield decreased. This was mostly due to the autoxidation of epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and caffeine showed greater chemical stability. Autoxidation was promoted by alkaline conditions and resulted in the browning of the green tea infusions. High levels of alkaline sodium bicarbonate found in hard water can render some tap waters unsuitable for green tea preparation.
Enzymatic Methods for the Site-Specific Radiolabeling of Targeting Proteins
Authors: Bolzati Cristina , Spolaore Barbara
Published: June 2021

Site-specific conjugation of proteins is currently required to produce homogenous derivatives for medicine applications. Proteins derivatized at specific positions of the polypeptide chain can actually show higher stability, superior pharmacokinetics, and activity in vivo, as compared with conjugates modified at heterogeneous sites. Moreover, they can be better characterized regarding the composition of the derivatization sites as well as the conformational and activity properties. To this aim, several site-specific derivatization approaches have been developed. Among these, enzymes are powerful tools that efficiently allow the generation of homogenous protein–drug conjugates under physiological conditions, thus preserving their native structure and activity. This review will summarize the progress made over the last decade on the use of enzymatic-based methodologies for the production of site-specific labeled immunoconjugates of interest for nuclear medicine. Enzymes used in this field, including microbial transglutaminase, sortase, galactosyltransferase, and lipoic acid ligase, will be overviewed and their recent applications in the radiopharmaceutical field will be described. Since nuclear medicine can benefit greatly from the production of homogenous derivatives, we hope that this review will aid the use of enzymes for the development of better radio-conjugates for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Characterization of Cytisus striatus (Hill) Rothm.: Waste Biomass Energy Recovery as a Measure to Reduce the Risk of Rural Fires
Authors: Nunes Leonel J. R.
Published: June 2021

Shrub species play a critical ecological role in ecosystems, covering significant areas. However, with the current development of vegetation cover, conditioned by climate change, certain species have acquired a dominant role, which suffocates the other ecosystem species in a natural monoculture model. Thus, some species, such as Cytisus striatus (Hill) Rothm., have acquired preponderance, mainly due to the dense forests they establish. This situation has contributed to the increased risk of rural fires, forcing permanent actions to control the settlements. These actions entail costs that make the continuity and permanence of control unsustainable. The energetic valorization of residual biomass resulting from operations to reduce fuel load is an option that seems viable, mainly if used in the production of biomass pellets in a mixture with other biomasses, such as Pinus pinaster or Eucalyptus globulus. The laboratory characterization tests demonstrated that the residual biomass of C. striatus presents parameters that fall within limits defined by the standard ENPlus®. The processing of this residual biomass on an industrial scale line is also feasible. However, given the configuration of the material to be processed, production lines may be necessary, especially concerning the detachment of the material. The logistical issue may also impose restrictions since the material has a low density, even when baled.
The use of inbreeding when breeding dogs of Giant schnauzer breed
Authors: Tyurina E. S. , Feyzullayev F. R. , Bakai F. R.
Published: June 2021

Inbreeding is a breeding method that is widely used in dog breeding. However, excessive thoughtless use of this method can have a detrimental effect on the health and reproduction of dogs, which under modern environments can occur due to a lack of professional knowledge among people engaged in breeding, lack of publicly available information about the health of sires and their off spring, and widespread breeding use of popular sires. The purpose of the research was to analyze the use of inbreeding in the breeding of dogs of Giant schnauzer breed of exhibition and working directions and its influence on the multiple pregnancy of dogs. The paper analyzes the use of inbreeding in Giant schnauzer breed in two populations that do not intersect due to the direction of use. There was a significant difference between the average indicators of the inbreeding coefficient in the studied groups; in the exhibition direction close inbreeding and incest are more often used during breeding, while in the working direction moderate inbreeding is mainly used, and incest is not used at all. The male dogs and female dogs in the group of the exhibition direction also have a higher indicator of the inbreeding coefficient. Outbred sires in both groups, in group exhibition such companies, outbreeding is less common than in the group working direction. There was no signifi cant difference between the indicators of multiple pregnancy in the groups. On average, female dogs in the working direction group are used more often than female dogs in the exhibition direction group. The frequency of use of male dogs does not differ significantly.
Influence of different factors on the growth rate of young animals and the quality of beef
Authors: Pristupa V. N. , Torosyan D. S.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the work was to study and identify the main factors aff ecting the quantity and quality of beef produced and sold in the Southern Federal district. A comparative assessment of the growth, development, formation of meat productivity and quality of beef of young animals of beef, dual and dairy breeds with stall-pasture technology and intensive rearing in the industrial complex. Experimental studies have been carried out in farms in the Rostov region. The object of research was cows with calves of Kalmyk, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus, Russian komolaya, Kazakh White-headed breeds, as well as young animals of the same breeds, in addition, Black-and-White and Swiss breeds. Removable live weight in Hereford steers at 18 months of age was 658,0 kg, and Aberdeen-Angus – 655,2 kg. Domestic steers of Kalmyk were 41–44 kg lower in live weight than their herdmates of two imported breeds. However, with intensive rearing at 18 months of age, steers of Kalmyk breed had a removable live weight of more than 613,7 kg and a carcass weight of 326 kg. The yield of hot carcass was 55,4 %, and the slaughter yield was 58,89 %, which was only 1–2 % lower than the world’s leading beef breeds. It has been found when analyzing the results of boning the half-carcasses of experimental steers that the biggest weight of half-carcasses and the content of muscle and fat tissue in them in absolute terms were in Hereford steers. Steers of Kalmyk breed took the third place in terms of weight of large-sized semi–fi nished products and signifi cantly lost to Aberdeen-Angus herdmates by 7,3 kg or 6,5 %, and Hereford steers by 9,2 kg or 8,3 %. The results obtained prove the expediency of using stallpasture technology in the dry-steppe zone of the Southern Federal district when rearing young animals for beef up to 350–400 kg live weight at 15 months of age and its subsequent intensive rearing under industrial technology, in order to obtain the live weight of more than 570 kg and produce cost-eff ective beef.
Armenia’s economy: promoting innovation through public governance and corporate management
Authors: Gasparyan Vagram , Zakharyan Armine
Published: June 2021

First, the article describes the forms and methods of state governance of the innovative development of the Armenian economy. The results of the implementation of the state program for promoting innovation in the economy are described; one of them is the increasing role of the information technology (IT) sector. The problems of further development and improving the efficiency of the functioning of this sector are identified, the solution of which is associated with the improvement of various types of state socio-economic policy, including monetary, investment and educational policy.
Folk Elements in Sakkai Novel
Authors: P Umadevi
Published: June 2021

Despite the advancement in the literacy knowledge of the human race, the truth and happeinings infered from the experiences of the ancestors is quite evident till today. The references of Folklore, devotional songs, work songs, Lullobies, Proverb, Quizzes, Medicinal hints in the literature till date proves the timelessness of the culture the way, the author expresses the rituals, traditions, Culture use of local languages, lifestyle of a particular region makes literature a tool to carry forward them to future. whenever the medical hints are mentioned in Literature. It is easier for the readers to understand the nature of the disease and the simple ways of cure in the literature by kalaiselvi, the objective of the article is to research the Pleasure and displeasure happenings in one life through folklore.
Analysis of allele frequencies of the selected 15 autosomal STR markers in Tikrit population – Iraq with comparison to Middle Eastern, African, and Europeans
Authors: Salih Maan Hasan , Al-Assie Akeel Hussain Ali , Sabbah Majeed Arsheed
Published: June 2021

Short tandem repeats (STRs) have been recommended as the highest polymorphic loci among the humana DNA regions. Therefore, STRs are agreeable to many genetic fields like forensic, population genetics and anthropological studies. The main aim of this research is to evaluate the autosomal STRs in Tikrit city-Iraq, to expand the human genetics database and forensic genetics analysis. The DNA database was obtained from 306 unrelated volunteers from native Tikrit population-Iraq, using 15 autosomal STR loci. The current study determined the allele frequencies in the Tikrit population and then compared them with other national Iraqi populations as well as with populations in the Middle East, Africa, and Europe. The highest level of heterozygosity was observed in D8S1179 and TH01 loci (0.797), while the less level was shown by CSF1PO (0.48). The departure from HWE Equilibrium was recorded in only 3 STR loci from a total of 15 loci analyzed (p<0.003). The Combined Match Probability (CMP) for 15 autosomal STR was 1 in 7.89208×10-19 and the Combined Discrimination Power (CDP) was 0.9999999997. The discrimination power (DP) was especially high in D2S1338, D18S51, D19S433 and D21S11. Based on the results observed in a Dendrogram, Tikrit population was clustered with other populations, likely reflecting the historical and geographical factors. D2S1338, D18S51, D19S433 and D21S11 markers were recognized as suitable for forensic genetics analysis in Tikrit population. Also, the 15 STRs markers provide information for the studies of genetic distances between the current study and other included populations to be compared with this study.
niñez norpatagónica en la prensa local durante el peronismo
Authors: De Marco Celeste
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo se propone estudiar de qué modos aparecieron representadas las niñeces en La Nueva Era, un destacado y duradero periódico local norpatagónico en tiempos peronistas (1946-1955), cuando el lema de los niños como los “únicos privilegiados” tenía plena vigencia. El escenario es la comarca Viedma-Carmen de Patagones (Río Negro-Buenos Aires), donde una capital territoriana y una ciudad confinante se funden en similitudes y particularidades. El análisis permite comprender que la atención se estructuraba con un centro y varios bordes que organizaban sentidos sobre las vidas infantiles de la comarca —y más allá también—, modélicas o marginales. A partir de estas caracterizaciones se abre un camino para reflexionar sobre las circunstancias que rodeaban aquellas vidas infantiles en espacios alejados de la capital federal, e incluso, de las grandes ciudades de la región, desde una perspectiva histórica descentrada.
Entre la movilización y la negociación: FAA y UATRE frente al agronegocio
Authors: Carini Gabriel Fernando , Gerbaldo Juan Carlos
Published: June 2021

La configuración del agronegocio no estuvo exenta de conflictos que estructuraron formas de organización y demandas frente al avance y consolidación del nuevo paradigma productivo. El objetivo del presente artículo es historizar cómo emergió la conflictividad en el mundo rural y de qué manera la misma fue procesada y canalizada por las organizaciones de trabajadores rurales. Procuraremos observar estas cuestiones desde un análisis de los momentos de conflicto en el mundo rural pampeano de la provincia de Córdoba. Focalizaremos en las estrategias adoptadas por dos actores específicos del mundo del trabajo rural: las filiales de Federación Agraria Argentina y la Unión Argentina de Trabajadores Rurales y Estibadores. El supuesto que guía nuestro análisis es que, partiendo de reclamos vinculados a los procesos de trabajo, el conjunto de estrategias adoptadas por cada sector fue divergente y se vinculó a sus demandas particulares. Con este fin, pondremos en diálogo los aportes analíticos de la Historia social del trabajo y las herramientas de la teoría de la acción colectiva con un amplio abanico de fuentes cuantitativas y cualitativas.
Reseña de: Hilda Sabato y Marcela Ternavasio (Coords.), Variaciones de la república. La política en la Argentina del Siglo XIX. Rosario: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2020, 268 páginas.
Authors: Mamud Juliet
Published: June 2021

El libro Variaciones de la república. La política en la Argentina del siglo XIX es el resultado de un proyecto en conjunto de equipos de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario y de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Su objetivo es realizar un estudio con visión global sobre las vicisitudes de la república y la vida política sorteando la cesura historiográfica clásica entre ambas partes.
The influence of shared leadership on team performance with team personality composition as a moderating variable in student business project at Ciputra University Surabaya
Authors: Koesoema Michelle , Septina Fanny
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effect of shared leadership and team performance with team personality composition as the moderating effect  on Ciputra University Student business project. In order to collect data, this study distributed questionnaires to 146 International Business Management students class of 2017 by using the purposive sampling method. In this study, an analysis of the variables of shared leadership, team performance and team personality composition were analyzed as moderators for shared leadership on team performance. The results of the study found that the shared leadership variable had a significant effect on team performance. Meanwhile, the team personality composition did not moderate the relationship between shared leadership and team performance.
THE INFLUENCE OF NEEDS AND TRUST FACTORS ON OBJECTIVE BEHAVIORS ON BMT
Authors: Waldelmi Idel , Aquino Afvan , Aquino Afvan
Published: June 2021

Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it is found that the Trust Factor is the main basis of a sharia financial institution and this can be seen from the data that the level of trust of members of the BMT / Islamic Islamic Cooperative Abdurrab is very high in this financial institution. BMT Members Applying for financing / debt / borrowing is not for the lifestyle of BMT Syariah members, where the purpose of BMTIA members to borrow / borrow is none other than to meet the needs needed for daily needs. Factor needs that arise from BMT members, namely the need to feel safer, according to sharia, halal and reassuring, this is the reason why people prefer to join sharia financial institutions / BMTs and for additional business capital needs. Based on the results of multiple linear regression, previously the data were tested for validity, reliability and normality test in information processing that the magnitude of the influence of the need factor and the trust factor on BMT. The research was carried out at BMT Islam Abdurrab, to members of the BMT. The method used in this research is quantitative
PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF PROMOTION ON PURCHASE INTENTION CONSUMER TRUST AS MEDIATION
Authors: Nursyirwan Vivi Iswanti
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of promotion on consumer trust, the impact of promotion on consumer purchase intentions, the impact of consumer trust on purchase intentions, and the impact of promotion on purchase intentions with consumer trust as a mediating variable. This research is a case study on Shopee e-commerce, with the research population being Shopee visitors in 2019, as many as 90.7 million. Determination of the sample by purposive as many as 100 people. This study is different from several previous studies which only examined the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. The novelty of this research is to present a mediating variable. The approach used in data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Square. The research output explains that in Shopee e-commerce there is a significant positive impact at the 10% real level for promotional variables on consumer trust, as well as promotion on purchase intention, the same results are also shown for the impact of consumer trust on purchase intention, as well as on promotional variables on purchase intention with consumer trust as a mediating variable.
ANALYSIS OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AND INTERNAL CONTROL OF COMPANY PERFORMANCE
Authors: Majid Hikmar Abdul
Published: June 2021

The success of performance is not only from a historical financial aspect, but more than that, from non-financial factors that have a much greater contribution. The research objective is to analyze the environment, internal, and company performance. The method used in this research is a descriptive and associative approach with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used in this study used saturated sampling or often referred to as census and in this case only PT Ultimedia Group Saudara's employees could get 58 people using the saturated sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis, including the coefficient of determination, multiple correlation coefficients, partial test (T test), and simultaneous test (F test). The results showed that the external environment has an effect on company performance. Internal control affects company performance. The simultaneous test results (F test) show that the external environment and control have an effect on company performance.