bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiratory tract samples collected from patients in a region of Quebec, Canada, indicate the absence of early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Xiong Wei Ting , Lévesque Simon , Martin Philippe , Durand Mathieu , Lemieux Bruno , Thibault Philippe , Marcoux Dominique , Gilca Rodica , Carignan Alex
Published: December 2020

Background: The first documented case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Quebec was confirmed on February 27, 2020. Retracing the first cases that occur within a geographical region may provide insight regarding the evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in that region because the spread of undiagnosed cases may facilitate the initial community amplification of the virus. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of respiratory tract samples collected for influenza testing in a region of Quebec, Canada, to look for evidence of early circulation of SARS-CoV-2. Frozen nucleic acid extracts initially collected for influenza testing between January 1 and February 20, 2020, were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using a reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: During the study period, 1,440 of 2,121 (67.9%) nucleic acid extracts from individual patients were available for retrospective testing. None of the samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: The results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 was not circulating within the region before February 20, 2020, because many samples, representing more than two-thirds of all samples tested for influenza during early 2020, were tested. Further studies using a similar methodology to determine the date of onset of SARS-CoV-2 in different countries and geographic areas could enhance our understanding of the current pandemic.
Introduction to the Translations
Authors: Nichols Glen
Published: December 2020

The French texts of the 1727 and 1797 réceptions translated here were originally published in 1882 in the history of the Hôpital Général, Monseigneur de Saint-Vallier et l'Hôpital Général de Québec [MSV] (263-269 and 472-474). The 1727 text, including the four-line interpolation provided by Burger (ll. 149-152, see L'activité théâtrale au Québec 387), was verified against the MS on deposit at the archives of the Hôpital Général. Other than minor variations in spelling and punctuation, and a couple of minor quibbles over placement or assignment of speeches, no significant problems were discovered in the printed text. The MSS of the other texts were, unfortunately, unavailable for checking.
The Réception for Saint-Vallier (Quebec 1727)
Authors: Nichols Glen
Published: December 2020

[262] January 25th, the anniversary of Saint-Vallier's consecration [as Bishop of Quebec], 1 was always a favourite holiday for the religious community as well as for the poor. 2 In 1727, it was celebrated in a very extraordinary manner; it would be the last time. Shortly before the event, Bishop Saint-Vallier, wanting to take advantage of the occasion to commend the care of his Hôpital Général to the new Governor and Intendant, asked Father [Pierre] de la Chasse 3 to compose a verse-play with this end in mind. "Portray me," the Prelate told him, "portray me like Jacob, near the end of his life, asking his son Joseph to take care of his other children." 4
Introduction
Authors: Day Moira , Perkins Don
Published: December 2020

Permission for full text reproduction not granted by author / L'autorisation de verser le texte intgral de cet article n'a pas t accorde par l'auteur
"Stanislavski" in Toronto
Authors: Mann Laurin
Published: December 2020

This article describes an initial investigation into the influence of modern acting theory on the ideas and practices of contemporary performance teachers in Toronto, Canada. The study consisted of both a mail-out survey and an in-depth examination of the theory and practice of six influential Toronto acting teachers working in a private studio/conservatory context.
Sheila M. F. Johnston. Buckskin and Broadcloth: A Celebration of E. Pauline Johnson -- Tekahionwake 1861-1913
Authors: McConney Denise S
Published: December 2020

When I was first asked to review this book, I was quite excited. I had just finished teaching a second year Native Studies course on Native Literature. Two of my students had done their presentation on E. Pauline Johnson. Despite the fact that these were Native students talking to a group of Native students, they did not appear to perceive Johnson's appeals to the nineteenth-century images of a Pan Indianness. For example, they saw no contradiction in Johnson, as a Mohawk--an agricultural people--using buffalo hunt imagery. I was, therefore, quite interested to read a new work on E. Pauline Johnson to see what was being discussed about this and other issues.
Romance, Recognition and Revenge in Marie Clements’s The Unnatural and Accidental Women
Authors: Bamford Karen
Published: December 2020

This essay considers the relationship of Marie Clements’s The Unnatural and Accidental Women to European traditions of drama and folk narrative, and especially its relation to the genres of revenge tragedy and romance. It argues that Clements transforms and subsumes the latter in a feminist, maternal romance. In contrast to the traditional family romance, from Homer’s Odyssey to Shakespeare’s Pericles, and its folktale analogues (Cinderella and Peau d’Asne, and the related Dear as Salt), which operate to gratify paternal wishes, Clements’s romance gratifies a mother’s desire for reunion and reconciliation with her daughter. In contrast to the resolution of Renaissance revenge plots, in which the revenger typically dies to satisfy the claims of justice, here the female protagonist achieves a rebirth symbolized by the recognition she shares with her mother. Like the romance tradition which it transforms, the play offers us a vision of an ideal world, here symbolized in “the first supper” that concludes the play.
The. Women. The Subject(s) of The Unnatural and Accidential Woman
Authors: Wunker Erin
Published: December 2020

This article has a methodological framework that uses post structural theories of the archive as well as performance theory to compare Marie Clements’s play The Unnatural and Accidental Women with Carl Bessai’s celluloid adaptation Unnatural and Accidental. The article opens with a claim that Clements’s play incites a radical recognition of the Other through a Derridan politics of “hauntology.” The article then suggests that while Clements’s play leads the audience in a performative and ethical recognition of the Other, the celluloid adaptation destabilizes the radical politics of the play. The article closes with a consideration of what is lost in Bessai’s adaptation that cuts from its title the very subjects of Clements’s play: the women.
Introduction: Marie Clements
Authors: Gilbert Reid
Published: December 2020

Marie Clements is a complex and fascinating theatre artist: dramatist, actor, and director. Her plays are intellectually provocative and challenging, presenting Aboriginal and feminist issues in a highly “painterly” style; her website describes Copper Thunderbird as a “two-act play on canvas.” As Brenda Leadlay, Artistic Director of Presentation House Theatre, comments, the work is consistently “poetic, imaginative and moving.” Mixing western theatrical practice with techniques of Aboriginal storytelling and ritual, Clements interrogates specific historical events (as, for example, the serial murders of Aboriginal women, the development of the atom bomb, the reductive depictions of “The Indian Musicale”) and individual memories (as, for example, of domestic abuse, the traumatic residue of Residential school, and the repression of “The System Chorus”). As I have elsewhere argued at greater length, her vision is never simple. Typically, she considers a number of overlapping themes at the same time, simultaneously locating both the differences and the links among these political, racial, and gender strands in a layered semiosis (“Shine”). She combines visual and sound patterns,2 physical movement, and the fluidity of dreamscapes moving through time and space with hard, urban diction and apparently realistic plots (“Profile”). Her stylistic palate is equally complex: she embraces and—again—queries both the Western and Aboriginal modalities she employs, appropriates, re-appropriates, and revises (within the complexity of allusion in her early plays and more directly in her most recent work). Such hybridity and reference make her work compelling and invite examination; her work also presents a problem for analysis.
Introduction: Everything New is New Again (and again, and again...)
Authors: Barton Bruce , Kirkley Bruce
Published: December 2020

We first discussed the possibility of co-editing an issue of Theatre Research in Canada with a focus on the topic of intermediality back in June of 2006. While we knew that TRiC’s then lengthy list of guest-edited theme issues-in-waiting pushed the prospect several years into the future, we were both keen to explore the potential for such a project. As our turn in the limelight approached, a (to us) surprisingly small number of responses to our first two calls for proposals further delayed our move to print. However, the unusual time span between inception and completion has offered us a similarly uncommon opportunity to consider and revise our aspirations for the issue. Now, in the autumn of 2011 and on the verge of publication, evidence of this extended and somewhat circuitous evolution can be seen in this issue’s contents. One of the essays in this collection was first proposed to us in the middle of 2008; another only completed its peer-review process a couple of months ago. Charting the developments from the first conversations around the project, through the sequence of submissions, assessments, and revisions, it is easy to see that the field of intermedia studies has evolved rapidly and substantially during this period, with the result that the issue also provides an unintentional yet illuminating window on that evolution.
"No Good. Go Home": Past Lives and Disrupted Homes in Catherine Bank’s Three Story, Ocean View
Authors: Green Reina
Published: December 2020

Catherine Banks’s Three Storey, Ocean View explores the concept of home from the perspective of a prospective buyer, Peg, and four families who had previously lived in the house listed for sale. In keeping with Henri Lefebvre’s definition of social space, the space of this home is shown to be both physically and temporally determined as the past occupants remain on stage, in the house, for the scenes of the present day, and Peg and her family respond to their movements and dialogue. Many of these former inhabitants have been disenfranchised through race, poverty, language, or disability and, for them, home is a prison as much as a shelter. Examining the house through Una Chaudhuri’s theory of geopathology reveals not only the instability of home and the ruptures between individual and community, home and the surrounding environment, but also the psychogeopathology of those who live there. In addition, both the playtext and the productions of 2000 and 2003 emphasize the vertical structure of the house, which reflects the architecture of Gaston Bachelard’s oneiric house. Banks thereby explores the effect of home not just on those living there, but also on the community and on future generations.
Unithéâtre prépare le tarrain de la Troupe du Jour : les liens d'Unithéâtre avec la communauté francophone
Authors: Nelson Ian C.
Published: December 2020

L’Université de la Saskatchewan, créée pour répondre au besoin des gens de la province d’avoir une institution d’enseignement supérieur près de chez eux, affichait depuis ses débuts une fierté particulière dans son lien « town and gown », c’est-àdire dans ses relations avec la communauté. Le nom de la troupe française de l’université a été choisi justement pour insister sur ce lien : « uni » afin d’unir les deux cultures (pour ne pas dire les deux solitudes) en invitant les francophones et les anglophones francophiles, les gens de l’université (étudiants, professeurs et autres employés) et les gens de la ville à participer à des activités théâtrales pour rendre accessible la culture française (au sens le plus large) par des présentations au grand public.
From Seaton Village to Global Village: Metonymies of Exile and Globalization in Judith Thompson's Sled
Authors: Manole Diana
Published: December 2020

As in other settler/invader colonies that artificially invented and inserted themselves as nation-states in regions where they did not naturally belong, the collective feelings of estrangement and the reassessment of Canada’s history and national identity have been ongoing. Inspired by recent theories of globalization, this study proposes the understanding of Canadian colonialism as a form of macro-globalization, taking place during the second stage of historical globalization, and of official multiculturalism as a type of micro-globalization, which foreshadows the third and more intense wave of globalization that started in the second half of the twentieth century. This perspective dismantles the myth that Canada’s multi-national nature is determined by its so-called “exceptionalism,” which Irene Bloemraad explains as the result of the economic selection of immigrants, geographical location, and most of all the worldpraised tendency to welcome ethnically diverse immigrants because of its “immigration-as-nation-building paradigm” state policy (7). Using this theoretical frame, this essay argues that the metonymic depiction of 1990s Canada in Judith Thompson’s Sled asserts exile as a shared identity marker determined by globalization. The first part of this study analyzes how the combined legacies of colonialism and Pierre Trudeau’s multicultural policy generate the characters’ collective exile. The second part investigates some of Sled’s characters as metonymic representations of Canadians’ ethnic diversity and examples of exile determined by globalization on an individual level.
Normand Chaurette’s Fragments d'une Lettre d'Adieu Lus Par des Geologues and the Žižekian Death Drive
Authors: Wolfe Graham
Published: December 2020

Quebecois playwright Normand Chaurette’s Fragments d’une lettre d’adieu lus par des géologues is, like much of Chaurette’s theatre, preoccupied with the mystery of death. Five geologists are called before a commission to account for the failure of their expedition in Cambodia and the unexpected death of their leader Toni van Saikin. The causes of Van Saikin’s death (a suicide?) will ultimately remain beyond the limits of knowledge, since the incessant rain that plagued the mission destroyed all but a few enigmatic fragments of his writing and reduced his corpse to mere bones. In this article I seek to supplement existing analyses of Chaurette’s play by drawing on Slavoj Žižek’s surprising reconfiguration of the “death drive.” I argue that Žižek’s conception, a reworking of Freud through the lens of Jacques Lacan’s later writings, can bring to light what most distinguishes Chaurette’s engagement with human finitude, enabling us to reconceive the very relationship between symbolization and death in Fragments. Ultimately, this approach will locate a radical dimension of Chaurette’s theatre in its capacity to stage the undead supplements of a contemporary reality increasingly deprived (like the Geologists’ mission) of solid ground and stable structures.
An “Unmanly and Insidious Attack”: Child Actress Jean Davenport and the Performance of Masculinity in 1840s Jamaica and Newfoundland
Authors: Schweitzer Marlis
Published: December 2020

This essay examines how and in what way the movement of child performers along global theatrical circuits in the mid-nineteenth century served British imperial interests and aroused debate about colonial identity. It analyzes two politically charged controversies that surrounded child actress Jean Davenport: the first erupted in the island colony of Jamaica in September 1840, the second in the island colony of Newfoundland in August 1841. In both locations, colonial theatres and newspapers became the staging ground for heated debates about the actress’s proclaimed virtuosity, notably her portrayal of male characters and her supposed resemblance to Edmund Kean. These debates quickly extended beyond a consideration of Davenport’s acting abilities, however, to include discussions about the responsibilities of theatre audiences and critics, definitions of gentlemanly behaviour, and the relationship between colonial-settlers and strangers from the metropole. Central to the analysis of the controversy surrounding Jean Davenport’s appearances in Jamaica and Newfoundland, then, is a consideration of how theatrical representations of masculinity—in this case, male characters played by a young girl—provoked discussion of, and gave rise to, other performances of masculinity in two very different colonial settings.
Ambivalent Pathways of Progress and Decline: The Representation of Aging and Old Age in Joanna McClelland Glass’s Drama
Authors: Gual Núria Casado
Published: December 2020

In the last fifteen years, various projects and publications in the interconnected areas of theatre studies, theatrical pedagogy, and literary criticism have highlighted associations between theatrical creativity and constructions of age and aging. Despite a thriving “theatrical gerontology,” the work of contemporary dramatists, especially those outside European and American canons, remains scarcely analyzed. Núria Casado Gual looks at the dramatic work of Joanna McClelland Glass, a Canadian writer born in 1936 in Saskatoon, and who currently lives in Florida. Despite the recognition that McClelland Glass has received in North American academic and theatrical circles, her plays written between 1984 and the present remain unexamined and a more complete study of her playwriting career is yet to be developed. Through the double lens of cultural gerontology and dramatic criticism, Casado Gual offers an overview of McClelland Glass’s theatricalization of old age, based on the main characters and secondary figures that can be associated with this stage of the life course in her work. The composite characterization of McClelland Glass’s older figures ensures not only the complexity of the author’s portrayal of aging-intoold-age, but also its verisimilitude and, therefore, its meaningfulness. McClelland Glass combines notions of progress and decline in the dramatic depiction of her aged characters, generating an ambivalent narrative of aging that re-presents this essential human experience in a truthful and dignified way. Ultimately, McClelland Glass’s recreation of old age is shown to contain the main defining traits of her theatre, as well as the insights that it offers on the complexities and mysteries of the human life course.
George Luscombe Directing Chicago ’70 an insider’s subjective account
Authors: Bush Steven
Published: December 2020

This article is a revised and expanded version of a talk prepared for The Art of Directing symposium, “Celebrating Peter Stein” at the University of Toronto, 7 June 2014. “Director as Documentarist / Director as Activist” was the topic of the panel in which I participated.
Liz Gorrie and the Kaleidoscope Alternative
Authors: Wise Jennifer , Jerke Lauren
Published: December 2020

The alternative theatre movement in Victoria tends to be associated with the tenure of Don Shipley at the Belfry Theatre (1975-80), but it was arguably by Liz Gorrie and the Kaleidoscope Theatre Company, a Theatre for Young Audiences, that the alternative theatre movement was first brought to the provincial capital. Starting in 1974 and during its first two decades under Gorrie’s artistic directorship, Kaleidoscope was as politically and aesthetically radical in its objectives and practices as such better-known 1970s companies as Tarragon, Tamahnous, Passe Muraille, and Toronto Free Theatre. Kaleidoscope not only created work that bears comparison with that of contemporary alternative theatre for adults, but thanks to the purity of Liz Gorrie’s theatrical vision, and her deep respect for young audiences, it developed a style of TYA that “changed the face of children’s theatre in Canada and around the world” (McLauchlin “Interview”). Recognizing Kaleidoscope’s contribution to the alternative theatre movement in this country will require a look at the many ways in which the company earned its alternative credentials—even while addressing audiences made up of children. Jennifer Wise and Lauren Jerke look first at the company’s genesis as a progressive alternative to the city’s mainstream regional theatre, then consider its indigenous and collectively created material, its Grotowskian and Brechtian objectives, its anti-illusionistic Asian aesthetic, and its use of masks, puppets, transformation, and abstraction. As Wise and Jerke show, Kaleidoscope in the 1970s and 1980s utilized a virtual encyclopedia of alternative theatre techniques, earning a national and international reputation within five years of its founding and, the authors argue, meriting a permanent place in the history of the alternative theatre movement in Canada.
Plus Ça Change, the Rest Stays the Same: Perpetual Spring in New Brunswick Theatre
Authors: Nichols Glen
Published: December 2020

After a very long and difficult winter down East, the metaphor of perpetual spring seemed particularly apt as I prepared this paper. What I don’t mean, as I apply it to theatre in New Brunswick (hereafter NB), though, is endless days of sweet sunshine and lovely flowers; instead, theatre in NB feels like those first hints of thaw in a terrible winter when one tries really hard to imagine better days but isn’t really convinced they’ll come. Likewise if we try really hard we might see cracks in the ice and drips of meltwater in the barren landscape, but for theatre in NB, the warmth and flourish of summer seems ever elusive.
Les visages du théâtre communautaire francophone à Edmonton entre les années 1970 et 1990: une confusion des genres?1
Authors: Rao Sathya , Gagné Learry
Published: December 2020

Cet article tente de retracer les différents usages de la notion de théâtre communautaire à la lumière des diverses contraintes institutionnelles et économiques qui pèsent sur le théâtre francophone à Edmonton entre 1970 et 1990. Tantôt synonyme de théâtre amateur tantôt empiétant à l’occasion sur le terrain du théâtre professionnel, le théâtre communautaire est à la recherche d’une identité lui assurant une assise populaire. Sous l’effet d’un certain nombre de circonstances, il se trouve au début des années 1990 non seulement une dramaturgie propre, mais également une forme institutionnelle.
Présentation : un changement de paradigme
Authors: Solga Kim
Published: December 2020

Je me suis jointe à l’équipe de RTaC en tant que rédactrice adjointe au début 2016, alors que la dernière campagne présidentielle américaine venait à peine de voir le jour. Donald Trump était en train d’écraser les autres candidats aux élections primaires du parti républicain, mais personne—du moins personne avec qui j’avais l’occasion d’échanger, ni aucun des chroniqueurs que je retrouvais dans mes fils d’actualité préférés—ne s’imaginait qu’il pouvait vaincre Hillary Clinton et remporter les élections. Au moment d’entamer mon mandat de rédactrice et de boucler notre dernier numéro en octobre, nous étions nombreux à travers le monde à attendre avec impatience que Hillary écrive une page dans l’histoire. Nous craignions que les choses se passent autrement, sans jamais croire vraiment qu’il pourrait en être ainsi. Et pourtant, nous voilà au printemps 2017, devant les réalités dures et souvent injustes produites par la présidence de Donald J Trump.
Jacqueline Petropoulos, ed., Linda Griffiths, New Essays on Canadian Theatre, Volume 9
Authors: Chrystian Tonya Rae
Published: December 2020

The ninth volume in the New Essays on Canadian Theatre series is the first ever essay collection to give scholarly attention to the heterogenous works of the late Linda Pauline Griffiths, a collection long overdue in the critical records of Canadian theatre. Published in 2018 by Playwrights Canada Press, this volume is edited by Jacqueline Petropoulos and fills a critical gap by bringing together eleven myriad contributors from the Canadian academic and theatrical community, some of whom knew Ms. Griffiths personally, celebrating her theatrical legacy.
Ric Knowles, Performing the Intercultural City
Authors: McIvor Charlotte
Published: December 2020

Ric Knowles’ eagerly anticipated Performing the Intercultural City continues and expands the work began by his succinct but enormously impactful 2010 Theatre & Interculturalism. In it Knowles issued a clarion call for scholars and practitioners to reimagine intercultural performance practices as emerging most importantly “from below” (79) and driven by artists of colour from migrant and diasporic backgrounds living in urban centres, not by elite (white) Western auteur practitioners.
Art for Everyone? Mush, Multiculturalism, and the Prismatic Arts Festival
Authors: Kraus Brittany
Published: December 2020

Founded in 2008 by Shahin Sayadi and Maggie Stewart, the Prismatic Arts Festival is a Halifax-based multidisciplinary arts festival that features the work of Indigenous and culturally diverse artists. This article examines the development of the Prismatic Arts Festival and the ways in which the festival has sought to negotiate, challenge, and transform Halifax’s artistic landscape by creating a model that is locally-grounded, nationally-networked, and fundamentally devoted to advancing the careers and profiles of Indigenous and culturally diverse artists in Nova Scotia and across Canada both within and outside of mainstream performance cultures. As the festival recently celebrated its tenth anniversary, this article traces the history of the Prismatic Arts Festival, its struggles and successes, and the complex negotiations the festival has made and continues to make in order to move toward a future of Canadian theatre in which cultural diversity and inclusivity are the norm, rather than the exception.
National and Local Definitions of an Environmental Nuisance: Water Pollution and River Decontamination in Six Urban Areas of Quebec, 1945–1980
Authors: Castonguay Stéphane , Bernard Vincent
Published: December 2020

When it created the Water Purification Board in 1961, the Quebec government intended to proceed with a major reorganization of the municipal wastewater treatment and drinking water systems throughout the province. In the following decades, the Department of Municipal Affairs and Environment developed a series of programs and policies for the treatment of wastewater. If water pollution then appeared as a national problem and the subject of a consensual definition, neighbouring communities were facing specific problems that government policies tended to obscure. Our analysis of six municipalities (Drummondville, Sherbrooke, Saint-Hyacinthe, Granby, Trois-Rivières, and Shawinigan) located in three river basins (Saint-François, Yamaska, and Saint-Maurice), each with its own topography and hydrology, population, and industrial growth, and political and cultural history, reveals precisely how communities articulated their different understandings of pollution problems, as well as their distinct definitions of nuisance and means of coping with pollution. By identifying, at the local level, multiple representations of pollution phenomena and practices put forward to decontaminate water, we shed light on the difficulties surrounding the implementation of water treatment infrastructure in municipalities across Quebec between 1945 and 1980.
Modern Living “hewn out of the unknown wilderness”: Aluminum, City Planning, and Alcan’s British Columbian Industrial Town of Kitimat in the 1950s
Authors: Cross Brad
Published: December 2020

As a new town on the Northern British Columbian frontier, Kitimat represented mid-twentieth-century ideas of industrial resource development and town planning. Alcan executives saw Kitimat’s town design as crucial to the recruitment and retention of a workforce for its megaproject of the 1950s and 1960s, which became the crown jewel of its global enterprise. The combination of high-tech aluminum production and town planning techniques promised employees a family-oriented lifestyle in a state-of-the-art town. Kitimat spearheaded this push for a new kind of frontier experience.
Le rôle méconnu des promesses de vente dans le processus d’urbanisation à Montréal : le cas du village de Villeray au tournant du XXe siècle
Authors: Gaudreau Guy
Published: December 2020

À partir du cas du village de Villeray, sur l’île de Montréal, cette note cherche à démontrer que la vente conventionnelle des lots à bâtir, dûment consignée dans les bureaux d’enregistrement, ne constitue pas la seule forme d’accession à la propriété. Il existe une autre manière, qui est tout aussi légale, mais qui est passée sous le radar des historiens. Elle demeure difficile à retracer parce qu’elle s’appuie sur de ententes privées prenant la forme d’un contrat, la promesse de vente, qui définit les modalités de paiement du lot. Omniprésente à Villeray, cette promesse de vente a une durée variable, pouvant même, dans certains cas, prendre une dizaine d’années. Souvent, elle est transférée à une tierce personne afin d’éviter à son détenteur original de perdre les paiements déjà effectués. Si elle a permis à des petites gens d’accéder à la propriété, elle a aussi profité aux promoteurs immobiliers en accélérant la vente des lots et en les soustrayant aux paiements des taxes foncières puisque les titulaires des promesses devaient en assumer les coûts annuels.
Filthy communication between parents and children and its influence on verbal bulling at school
Authors: Shyrokoradyuk Liliya
Published: December 2020

The article explores the current problem of using obscene language as a tool for verbal bulling, and provides empirical material for the connection between verbal bulling at school and the active obscene vocabulary of parents addressed to children and in the presence of children. The theoretical bases for our study were the works of D. Olveus, J. Devoy, S. Kafenberger, who laid the foundations for the development of the problem of school bulling, as well as the methodology of subject-action approach and the concept of the subject of mental activity developed by V. Tatenko. In accordance with this goal, we investigated the manifestations of verbal bulling behavior in the high school. It was found that high school students most often use obscene language as a tool of verbal bullying. The article also outlines some of the peculiarities of using obscene language as verbal bullying in the environment of high school students. It was established that parents of the students often use verbal harassment and obscene language as a tool to influence a child's behavior in the family environment. Of all the high school students surveyed, 66 % of the students questioned indicated that parents were using obscene language at home, and 48 % of parents questioned were also positive about using verbal bulling of their children. We investigated what kind of obscene words were used as insults of children by the parents, identified and classified them. We established that personal insults were performed on regular basis, and the emotional reactions of children were so acute that 1.5 % of high school students were having suicidal thoughts. That means that for some students the family is the place where they are bulled and verbally abused. We used the concepts of «subject of mental activity» and «system of substantive intuitions» to determine the depth of psychological trauma. It was established that emotional reactions to family bulling are entrenched in the behavior of children and become the basis for the realization in the school of the bullying roles of a victim, a buller and observers.
Makna Imperatif Struktural dan Nonstruktural dalam Novel Anak Berbahasa Inggris Hello Universe Karya Erin Entrada Kelly
Authors: Devita Afni Apriliyanti , Wahya Wahya , Darmayanti Nani
Published: December 2020

Salah satu karya sastra untuk anak yang dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran bahasa Inggris adalah novel. Alur cerita novel anak menceritakan dunia dan pemikiran anak-anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengkaji bentuk tuturan imperatif dalam novel anak berbahasa Inggris Hello Universe karya Erin Entrada Kelly dengan kajian pragmatik. Objek atau data penelitian ini adalah tuturan imperatif struktural dan nonstruktural pada novel Hello Universe karya Erin Entrada Kelly. Teknik dalam pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik simak dan catat bersumber dari novel. Analisis data menggunakan metode agih dan padan dengan teknik Bagi Unsur Langsung (BUL) dan Pilah Unsur Penentu (PUP) dengan daya pilah pragmatis, yaitu membaca kalimat imperatif novel Hello Universe, mengklasifikasikan tipe kalimat imperatif struktural, menganalisis data berdasarkan bentuk dan fungsi tuturan imperatif, dan melakukan penyimpulan hasil penelitian. Pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan membercheck dan uji pakar pragmatik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bentuk tuturan bermakna imperatif yang terdiri atas kalimat deklaratif, kalimat interogatif, dan kalimat imperatif. Makna imperatif dapat ditemukan dalam kalimat imperatif nonstruktural yang berupa kalimat deklaratif dan interogatif. Penggunaan imperatif dalam novel ini lebih banyak menggunakan tuturan langsung karena percakapan pada situasi pertemanan anak-anak yang nonformal. Fungsi tuturan imperatif struktural banyak berfungsi sebagai perintah. Sementara itu, sebagian besar kalimat interogatif memiliki fungsi sebagai permintaan dan kalimat deklaratif sebagai fungsi saran.
Formation and transformation of man-made complex natural monuments from the second half of XX century in Ukrainian Polissia
Authors: Dzyba А. А.
Published: December 2020

Protected man-made parks of Ukrainian Polissya, created in the period of postmodernism, are conservation oriented, historical, cognitive and educational objects. Landscape design is a synthesis of traditions and new transformation trends. On the territories of protected man-made parks, natural existence and distribution of rare species are maintained, endangered and vulnerable species are protected, hydrological functions are improved, and valuable landscapes are preserved. Concentrated in Rivne region, five parks, which have the status of complex natural monuments of local significance, were created in Ukrainian Polissya in the 1960s. According to the results of the analysis of formation and development history, the transformation of complex natural monuments (CNMs) of Ukrainian Polissya for a period of over 60 years is shown. CNMs have a simple planning structure of the following types: cross-shaped ("Vysotsky Arboretum"), star-shaped ("Bilsky Arboretum", "Sarny Arboretum"), loop-shaped ("Rokytne Arboretum"), and combined ("Tryputnyansky Park"). Of the three parks with regular planning, the biggest change can be observed in the complex natural monument "Bilsky Arboretum". This is due to the growth of hedges, which are not currently formed, and to the violation of the boundaries of meadows, where self-seeding plants appear. The dendroflora of five man-made parks is represented by 157 species, which belong to 19 orders, 32 families, and 81 genera, with 111 of them being included to the IUCN Red List. In two parks during their existence, there was an increase in the number of species by 11-50%, with the number of rare tree species amounting to 50-71%. In three parks under the influence of anthropogenic and ecological factors, there was a decrease in dendrodiversity, with 55-81% of species of woody plants remaining; аmong them 71-75% are rare tree species. Protected man-made areas of Ukrainian Polissya are valuable objects that need to be further developed and protected, whereas their collections of woody plants replenished and maintained.
Boyz2Men
Authors: Wojnicka Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

The main goal of this article is to show how age distinguishes attitudes to non-heterosexuality among migrant men and boys living in Germany and Sweden. It will especially focus on discussing various perceptions and narratives regarding sexual diversity, the visibility of which is higher in the host countries, identified during three qualitative research projects with adult and young migrant men in Germany and Sweden. In the context of this particular Special Issue, the focus is put on verification of the validity of Connell’s statement that homophobia is a crucial factor shaping men’s and boys’ (hegemonic) masculinity negotiations, and hence, on investigation into the extent homophobia is still a significant part of men’s narratives that shape the process of (self-) masculinity negotiations.
Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors in Children and Adolescents - a 20 Year Study
Authors: FAIZAL Felice , KALGUTKAR Alka , DAHAKE Vandana
Published: December 2020

Germ cell tumors (GCT) are rare neoplasms which are seen in all age groups and both sexes. Gcts in the pediatric age group show considerable variation from their adult counterparts in relation to site, histological type, clinical and radiological features and response to treatment. Extragonadal gcts are much more common in the pediatric age group with the most common sites being sacrococcygeal region, head and neck, retroperitoneum and mediastinum. Unusual sites like the vagina and urinary bladder have also been reported. Therefore, the varied presentations and different treatment options should be considered.
Comparison of Macular and RNFL Thickness in Anisometropic Amblyopia as Compared to Normal Fellow Eyes
Authors: NIGAM Bharti , GARG Pragati , RAJ Priyanka
Published: December 2020

Purpose: To compare the macular and peripapillary RNFL thicknesses of the amblyopic and normal eye in patients with anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study for which we studied 36 amblyopic subjects aged between 5 to 16 years in which the amblyopic eye was taken as the case and the unaffected eye was taken as control eye. The inclusion criteria included children having unilateral strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia who underwent macular and RNFL thickness assessment by SD-OCT. Results: Central Macular thickness as well as the thickness of the other macular segments was significantly greater in the affected eye (p<0.001) as compared to the normal eye. The average RNFL thickness was also found to be increased in the affected eye but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.106), however it was statistically significant in quadrantic analysis (p<0.05). The Central Macular thickness showed a negative correlation with the BCVA (r=-0.252), although it was not statistically signifi cant (p=0.139). Conclusion: A signifi cant increase was found in the macular as well as RNFL thickness in the amblyopic eyes as compared to the normal fellow eye which support the hypothesis of decreased apoptosis of the ganglion cells postnatally.
The Peer to Peer Social Fabric as a Platform for General Collective Intelligence
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: General Collective Intelligence or GCI has been defined as a platform that combines individuals into a collective intelligence with the potential for exponentially greater general problem-solving ability (intelligence) than that of any individual in the group. Cognitive computing applications are executed by intelligent agents on a user’s behalf to optimize individual user outcomes. Cognitive computing platforms are executed by individuals organized by a GCI to achieve greater collective outcomes. The Peer to Peer Social Fabric (P2PSF) is an infrastructure platform proposed to enable the execution of cognitive computing applications or platforms.OBJECTIVES: To explore the functionality required by an infrastructure platform with the capacity to enable the operation of cognitive computing applications or platforms. And to determine whether the functionality of the proposed Peer to Peer Social Fabric is sufficient.METHODS: The requirements of collective cognitive computing were assessed, including the requirement to increase capacity for complexity, capacity to scale number of processes, and capacity to sustain processes. The proposed high-level specifications of the Peer to Peer Social Fabric were compared to those requirements to determine whether that functionality is sufficient.RESULTS: The proposed Peer to Peer Social Fabric appears to meet the requirements of both the operating system for GCI, as well as the requirements of a client enabling individuals and organizations to access either AGI or GCI functionality.CONCLUSION: All of the functionality required by he Peer to Peer Social Fabric might already exist, but an understanding of how that functionality must be combined in order to achieve the exponential increase in general problem-solving ability potentially possible through AGI or GCI is a new and important contribution.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Posing Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa MTs Al-Raisiyah Sekarbela
Authors: Purwitarini Dian
Published: December 2020

Abstract:  This study aims to find out the influence of Problem Posing learning model on math learning achievement in class VII MTS Al-Raisiyah comparison material. The type of research used was "quasi-expriment" involving 45 students consisting of two classes taken from three classes with purposive sampling techniques.  The instruments used are study results test and observation sheet. Data analysis using t-test with 5% signification level. The results showed that in the expriment class test obtained the highest score of 92 and the lowest 45 averaged 76.7 while in the control class obtained the highest score of 90 and the lowest 36 averaged 70.5. The calculation result obtained t = -1,261 > 1,714 = t-tabel resulted in Ha being accepted means there is an influence of problem posing learning models on learning outcomes.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh  model pembelajaran Problem Posing terhadap prestasi belajar matematika pada materi perbandingan kelas VII MTS Al- Raisiyah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah “quasi eksprimen”  yang melibatkan 45 siswa yang terdiri dari dua kelas yang diambil dari tiga kelas dengan teknik purposive sampling.  Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar dan lembar observasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji t-tes dengan taraf signifikasi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tes kelas eksprimen diperoleh nilai tertinggi sebesar 92 dan terendah 45 rata-rata 76,7 sedangkan pada kelas kontrol diperoleh nilai tertinggi 90 dan terendah 36 rata-rata 70,5. Hasil perhitungan diperoleh t = -1,261 > 1,714 =  berakibat  diterima artinya ada pengaruh model pembelajaran problem posing terhadap hasil belajar.
The Effects of Story Reading on First Grade Students’ Story Comprehension and Retelling Skills
Authors: ATEŞ Seyit , AKBAY Fatih , YILDIRIM Kasım , ÇETİNKAYA Fatih Çetin
Published: December 2020

This research aimed to explore the effects of story reading on first-grade students’ comprehension and retelling skills. A total of 30 first-grade students constituted the research sample. For this quasi- experimental research, the first-grade students were assigned to the treatment and comparison groups at random. In the treatment group, the stories were read to the students daily and after reading the stories, the informal conversations related to stories occurred. All the daily activities related the books read, which included efferent and aesthetic dimensions based on Rosenblatt’s transactional theory, lasted around half an hour. In the story conversations, it was focused on story elements including characters, setting, plot, conflict, and resolution and the effects of stories on the students. For the pretest and posttest assessment of the first-grade students, a grade-level story was read to the students in both two groups and asked each one of them to retell the story. In addition, after retelling the process, five Ws and one H technique were used to discuss the story and clarify comprehension levels of the students in the groups. This one-on-one assessment procedure was taken place for learning the awareness of the students on the story structure if the student retells orderly the events the story, the sentence structures of the students, and the students’ comprehension levels. The results of the research were discussed through the related literature and some profound implications of the research on first-grade students’ education were provided.
DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY IN CHRONIC AND RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAIN MANAGEMENT
Authors: Jina Abhishek , Chaudhary Abhinav , Singh U C
Published: December 2020

Background: Chronic abdominal pain is a common condition encountered by many surgeons in their clinic every day. Despite of availability of different tests in maximum cases the reason behind the pain remains unknown. Diagnostic Laparoscopy is a safe technique that can identify the cause of the pain without using any invasive method. In the present study, the use of diagnostic laparoscopy in the diagnosis and management of chronic and recurrent abdominal pain of unknown origin was investigated.

Material and Methods: All the patients who visited the outpatient department with chronic abdominal pain were included in this study. All the demographic parameters were included and after careful investigation diagnostic laparoscopy were conducted in all these patients. The postoperative outcomes were also recorded in all the patients.

Result: Total of 51 patients was included in this study. Among these patients 23 patients were male and 28 patients were female. Maximum of the patients were in the 31-40 years of age group. The most common pathology for chronic abdominal pain was chronic appendicitis (n=9, 18%) followed by Koch's abdomen and adhesions (n=8, 16%). There were 4 cases of Carcinoma of the gall bladder and 3 cases of metastatic disease with dissemination in the peritoneal cavity and ascitis. 3 cases of liver cirrhosis and 3 cases of endometriosis were also detected. 2 cases of ovarian cysts which were missed by USG were detected correctly by laparoscopy. There were two unusual cases, one of chronic ectopic pregnancy and another of Crohn's disease. All the above findings were confirmed by direct visualizing (86%), or by biopsy (74%) or by fluid analysis. There were no long term complications in our study.

Conclusion: The present study concluded that laparoscopy is a safe and effective method for diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain.

Keywords: Chronic abdominal pain, diagnostic laparoscopy, recurrent abdominal pain
Szabadság és törvény : Régiek törvénye, modernek jogai
Authors: Lánczi András
Published: December 2020

Hogyan egyeztethető össze a törvény parancsa a szabadsággal? Az antik válasz a természet klasszikus fogalmából indult ki, a keresztény a szabad akaratból, a modern az individuum politikai jogaiból. Az antik szabadság a természeti törvényekhez való alkalmazkodást tanította, a keresztény szabadság a bűnnel való harcot, a modern szabadság pedig a szerződés révén konstruált állam által nyújtott garanciákat hangsúlyozza. Az antik és a keresztény szemléletben az emberi racionalitás véges, korlátozott, a modernben ezzel szemben korlátlan. Az előbbiek a törvényt abszolútnak tekintik, míg az utóbbi az emberi racionalitás által folyamatosan relativizált törvényfogalmat használ. A modern felfogás előbb Istent, majd a természet fogalmát is kiiktatta a szabadság értelmezéséből, kizárólag politikai alku tárgyává tette, ily módon relativizálta a törvényt, a természetet, a közélet és a magánélet közti határvonalat. Középpontban az individuum felfedezése áll. A jelen írás a törvény relativizálásáról, a régi és az új szabadság összehasonlításáról, illetve a modern totalizáló politikafelfogásról szól.