bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies for climate change impacts on irrigated crops in National Capital Region of India
Authors: Kambale J. B. , Singh D. K. , Sarangi A.
Published: April 2018

Irrigation has helped in increasing food production and achieving food security in India. However, climate change is expected to affect the crop production in irrigated area particularly in groundwater irrigated areas. This study was undertaken for suggesting strategies to climate change impact on irrigated crops based on projected change in crop water requirement and groundwater availability for irrigation in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Prevailing groundwater recharge in the study area during monsoon was 4.01 MCM (Million cubic meter). The same for various scenarios varied from -15.47 MCM to 5.08 MCM. It was revealed that groundwater recharge would increase if it is estimated based on the climate prediction done using local weather data. The impact of climate change on groundwater availability is evident in scenarios based on INCCA and IPCC predictions where it varied from -2.66 MCM to 1.02 MCM. Contrary to common perceptions, crop water requirement of prevailing cropping system would not increase in future if all the important climatic parameters are considered for its prediction. This may be due to the fact that effect of increase in temperature on crop water requirement may be compensated by decrease in other climatic parameters such wind speed and duration of daily sunshine hours. Results indicated that climate change may not have much impact on sustainability of prevailing cropping system as per the crop water requirement is concerned. Based on water requirement and groundwater availability under various climate change scenarios, appropriate strategies to cope up the climate change impact on irrigated crops have been suggested.
Effect of nutritional supplements on queen cell production in honey bee (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Haleem Nazia , Kumar Neelima R. , Kaur Rajinder
Published: April 2018

Honey bees are an important means of earning a living both at small and commercial levels. Maximum benefits can be obtained from strong colonies and in order to maintain strong colonies a good beekeeper requeens the colonies every second year. This requires a number of queens. The advances in beekeeping technology have made it possible to rear queens artificially or naturally. There is scope for improvement of these methods. The aim of the present study was to investigate if nutritional supplements could facilitate queen cell production in spring and autumn seasons. Becosule, thiamine, yeast and sugar solutions were fed to the honey bee colonies. The greatest number of queen cells was produced in the yeast fed colonies in spring. Bee mortality was observed in case of becosule. Perhaps the formulation contained some components which were toxic to honey bees. The effect on queen cell production by the different nutrients was in the order of Yeast > Thiamine > Becosule.
Variability in yield traits of TILLING population of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Singh Rajender , Tiwari Ratan , Sharma Davinder , Tiwari Vinod , Sharma Indu
Published: April 2018

Mutagenesis is one of the powerful genetic strategies for crop improvement programmes. A chemically induced mutated genetic resource for detecting novel variations by Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) has been developed in recently released bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar DPW621-50. A total of 3,478 M2 plants were evaluated for plant height, number of tillers/plant, thousand grain weight, number of seeds/spike and grain yield/plant. A large variation was observed for all the traits. The highest frequency (52.2%) of lines had similar height between 91-100 cm to the non-mutagenized DPW 621-50 control followed by 28.9% of lines with height between 81-90 cm. A large variation was observed in number of tillers/plant which ranged from 1-35 tillers/plant. The highest frequency (32.09%) lines had 31-40 seeds/spike followed by 29.84% lines with 41-50 seeds/spike. Few lines (0.35%) had more than 70 seeds/spike with normal seed size as their thousand grain weight ranged between 34.82-43.82g. Chlorophyll deficient, grassy type and sterile mutants were also observed. This population may serve as new genetic resource for functional genomics studies and novel variants for different traits in elite germplasm can be made available to the plant breeders for wheat improvement.
Resource management for apple scab and sanjose scale control of apple in Kashmir Valley of J&K State
Authors: Beigh M.A. , Peer Quadri Javeed Ahmad , Sibat F. , Mehraj Sheikh
Published: April 2018

The study on resource management for apple scab and sanjose scale of apple in Kashmir Valley of J&K State was conducted purposively in Sopore and Patten tehsils of Baramulla district covering 4 villages with a sample size of 200 apple growers selected through random sampling method. The study revealed that all the apple growers (100%) from rainfed and irrigated areas were applying the resource management practices such as checking the expiry of chemical before purchase, undertake precautions while using chemicals and sprayers, purchaseeconomical and convenient packing’s of plant protection chemicals, check the working condition of the sprayers on regular basis, undertaking care and maintenance of sprayers regularly and were able to repair the minor defects of sprayers by self followed by (66%) apple growers who had decided to planed plant protection schedule in advance. The data further showed that hired labour for disease and pest management of apple were available easily and locally, and as per requirement (100%). As regards prevailing wage rates (88%) farmers from rainfed and (91%) from irrigated area reported that these were reasonable. Plant protection chemicals needed for control of disease and pest of apple were found adopted by cent per cent farmers. The plant protection chemicals were also available in suitable packings (97%) and before the expiry date (96%). The critical evaluation of the plant protection chemicals and equipments before their use with regard to their quality being taken care by all the apple growers would help in eradication of the disease from the region.
Biopesticidal effect of leaf extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on growth parameters and diseases of tomato
Authors: Nahak Gayatri , Sahu Rajani Kanta
Published: April 2018

This paper investigates the potential use of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) aqueous leaf extract on the growth, yield and disease control of a common vegetable plant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The neem extract increased shoot height, number of branches, number of leaves, number of buds, number of flowers and number of fruits of tomato plant over controls in different treatments. Numbers of diseases were calculated as percentage and disease/plant. The percentage of reduction of disease was calculated after the spray of neem extract on plants. Neem extract was found effectively in controlling canker (50.32%), early blight (55.12%), wilt (59.45%), leaf spot (55.48%), fruit spot (41.93%), blossom end rot (40.86%) and sun scald (25.61%) in comparison to controls under field condition. Thus, biopesticides can contribute in reducing use of chemical pesticides and subsequently minimize its hazards to the environment and human health.
Seed treatments for sustainable agriculture-A review
Authors: Sharma K.K. , Singh U.S. , Sharma Pankaj , Kumar Ashish , Sharma Lalan
Published: April 2018

Seed treatment refers to the application of certain agents physical, chemical or biological to the seed prior to sowing in order to suppress, control or repel pathogens, insects and other pests that attack seeds, seedlings or plants and it ranges from a basic dressing to coating and pelleting. Introduction and ban of arsenic (used from 1740 until 1808) is the key milestones in the history of modern seed treatment till then a continuous research and advancement in this technology is going on. The technological advancement prepared a roadmap for refiningexisting seed treatment technologies and future work on technologies like fluid drilling as a way to sow germinated seeds where gel can also serve as a delivery system for other materials, seed priming advances the early phase of germination without redicle emergence. Another advanced technology, solid matrix priming (SMP) has been evaluated as a means to advances the germination of seeds and serve as a carrier for useful material too. Physical and biological seed treatments alone an alternative to chemicals or in combination with a chemical treatment are being used worldwide because of their environmental safety and socioeconomic aspects. Biological seed treatments are expected to be one of the fastest growing seed treatment sectors in the near future, in part because they are easier to register at Environment Protection Agency (EPA). Lack of awareness to seed treatments at farmer’s level is one of the limiting factors in disease management and hence, efforts should be made at farmer’s level to adopt the technology. Keeping the all above facts in mind, selected seed treatment technologies with their improvement and significance will be discussed in this review.
Effect of seed enhancement treatment on field performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Amarendra , Kumar Rakesh , Yadav Shiv Kumar , Yadav Rajbir , Kumar Jitendra
Published: April 2018

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important winter season pulse crop in India grown in drought prone semi-arid and tropical regions. The aim of present investigation was to find out the effect of seed enhancement treatment on field performance of chickpea. Seeds of Chickpea Desi cultivar Pusa 256, Pusa 2028, and Kabuli cultivar Pusa1053, Pusa1108, each of fresh and 4 yrs old lots were taken for seed enhancement treatments like osmo-priming, halo-priming, fungicidal, botanical and polymer coating alone and in combination with thiram and neem oil. It was observed that seed treatment with thiram alone or in combination with polymer (PVP or PEM) significantly enhances germination and field emergence. Old seed lots of particularly Pusa 256 gives better result. The speed of emergence was invariably high in fresh seed lot (9.43) than old seed lots (4.84). However, in old seed lots, only halo-priming and polymer (PVP) in combination with thiram improved the speed of emergence significantly. Thus seeds treatment with thiram or in combination with hydrophilic polymers could be used for enhancing theperformance of chickpea.
Isozyme analysis based genetic fidelity assessment of micropropagated banana plants
Authors: Suman Sugandh , Kumari Ranju , Sharma V. K. , Kumar Harsh
Published: April 2018

Isozyme studies of micropropagated and mother plants of banana cvs. Matti, Ney Poovan, Kechulepa, Dwarf Cavendish, Malbhog, Champa, B.B. Battisa and FHIA-1 were done to test their genetic fidelity. The banding patterns as revealed by electrophoretic variations were evaluated with respect to isozymes of acid phosphatase, catalase, esterase and peroxidase as markers. The genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants and the relationship of the different cultivars were determined by dendrogram using numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system(NTSYS). A clustered dendrogram was prepared by unweighted pair group method using averages (UPGAMA) method. At 87% similarity, the micropropagated and mother plants were clustered in four groups reflecting their genomic constitution. Cvs. Matti (AA) and Dwarf Cavendish (AAA) with similar ‘A’ genome were categorized in Cluster I. Cluster II comprised of cvs. Ney Poovan (AB), B.B. Battisa (ABB) and FHIA-1(AAAB) with genomic constitution of both ‘A’ and ‘B’ type. Cvs. Champa (AAB) and Malbhog (AAB) with similar genome were grouped inCluster III. Cluster IV contained the cv. Kechulepa (BB) having only ‘B’ genome. However, there was no somaclonal variation among the micropropagated plants and they showed 100% genetic similarity. Thus, the isozyme studies could be a reliable marker for testing the genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants and for evaluating the diversity among the banana germplasm.
Effect of timing and graded levels of nitrogen and potassium in SRI cultivation
Authors: Sivagnanam S. , Arivazhagan K. , Arunkumar V. , Natarajan S.
Published: April 2018

A field experiment was carried out at Annamalai University Experimental farm, Annamalai nagar, during Kuruvai and Navarai in the year 2008-09. To study the timing and graded levels of nitrogen and potassium in rice crop under SRI (System of rice intensification) cultivation. The experiment was laid out on deep clay soil by adopting randomized block design with factorial technique (FRBD). The results of field experiment revealed that the maximum growth and yield attributes were recorded in the treatment which received P2O5 as fully basal dose and nitrogen as three split doses viz., 50% basal and 25% each at tillering and panicle initiation stages. Potassium was applied as 33.3% K2O each at 15, 30 and 45 DAT. This treatment significantly recorded higher grain yield of 6278.7 kg ha-1 in field experiment – I and 6577.9 kg ha-1 in field experiment – II; and the straw yield of 7010.3 and 7309.7 kg ha-1 in field experiment I and II respectively. The shoot and grain uptake of nutrients (N, P and K) were high during 15, 30 and 45 DAT and at harvest which received 33.3 % K2O each at 15, 30 and 45 DAT.
Effect of plant and animal protein sources on the growth, gonadal maturity and proximate composition of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Saxena Neha , Dhawan Asha , Ansal Meera D. , Phulia Vikas
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of plant and animal sources in the diet of Labeo rohita with an overall goal of gaining sustainable fish and egg production. Fishes with an initial weight of 310-323 g were fed with five different isocaloric (3Kcalg-1) diets viz. D1 ( control diet- 30% rice bran + 70% groundnut meal), D2 (30% rice bran + 50% groundnut meal + 20% fish meal), D3 (30% rice bran + 50% groundnut meal + 20% mustard meal), D4 (30% rice bran + 30% groundnut meal + 20% mustard meal + 20 % fish meal) and D5 (30% rice bran + 30% soybean meal + 20% mustard meal + 20 % fish meal) @ 3% of fish biomass for 270 days. Significantly higher weight gain and better gonadal maturity was recorded in fishes fed with diet containing fish meal than other. Among diets containing fish meal (D2, D4, D5), fish fed on diet D2 resulted in higher somatic growth (35.67, 42.80, 28.10 and 18.48% higher net weight gain than D1, D3, D4 and D5, respectively) and better gonadal development (43.20, 50.08, 22.59 and 23.25% higher absolute fecundity than D1, D3, D4 and D5,respectively) in L. rohita. Hence, Our study revealed that for higher growth and better broodstock development, L. rohita may be fed on diet formulated with 30% rice bran, 50% groundnut meal and 20% fish meal.
Effect of micronutrients on leaf composition, fruit quality and yield of Kinnow mandarin
Authors: Kaur Nirmaljit , Monga P. K. , Arora P. K. , Kumar Krishan
Published: April 2018

Effect of micronutrients on leaf composition, quality parameters and fruit yield of Kinnow mandarin was studied at Regional Research Station, Abohar. Foliar application of 1000 ppm Zn + 1000 ppm Mn on Kinnow mandarin during the end of April and mid of August gave maximum fruit yield (862 fruits / tree) and good quality fruits (Higher TSS/Acid: 14.23) by correcting these micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, application of this dose of micronutrient combination will improve yield and fruit quality in Kinnow mandarin by correcting the deficiencies of these micronutrients as a result of which the orchardist will be economically benefited.
Comparative study of antibacterial activity of two different earthworm species, Perionyx excavatus and Pheretima posthuma against pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Bansal Nitish , Gupta R. K. , Singh Dharambir , Shashank Shashank
Published: April 2018

Disease outbreaks are being increasingly recognized as a significant constraint on aquaculture production and trade affecting the economic development of the sector in many countries. Extracting and using biologically active compounds from earthworms has traditionally been practiced by indigenous people throughout the world. The aim of the present study was to shown antimicrobial activity through earthworm extract against fish bacterial pathogens. In total, 8 bacterial strains i.e. 6 gram negative viz. Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, E.coli, Enterobacter aerogens and Shigella sp. and 2 gram positive viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus were identified. The extract of earthworm Perionyx excavatus, Pheretima posthuma were prepared and antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined by antimicrobial well diffusion assay. After 24 hrs of incubation period, it was observed that earthworm extract showed antibacterial activity against isolated bacterial strains. Among earthworm extract of two different species, the maximum zone of inhibition was shown against A. hydrophila by Perionyx excavatus (18.33± 0.66 mm) and P. posthuma (16.66±0.33). P. excavatus showed antibacterial activity against all pathogenic bacteria except Shigella spp. However on the other hand, P.posthuma showed antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila, P. fluorescens, E.coli, and S. aureus. The study has proved that earthworm extract can be effectively used for suppression of bacterial infection in fishes and that it can used as potential antimicrobial drug against commercial antibiotic resistance bacteria.
Growth and yield of Vigna radiata L.) under Terminalia arjuna and Mitragyna parvifolia based agrisilvicultural system
Authors: Kumar S. , Behera L. K. , Patil N. S. , Jadeja D. B.
Published: April 2018

The present investigation was carried out in an agrisilvicultural system with treatments involving silvicultural component of 20 years old Terminalia arjuna Bedd. (Arjun) and Mitragyna parvifolia Korth (Kalam) intercropped with agricultural component of four varieties of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) viz. Pusa Vishal, GM-3, GM-4 and K-851. All the varieties of green gram were compared for growth and yield parameters like plant height (cm), number of leaves, number of branches per plant, total grain yield per plant as well as per plot at harvestablestage under Arjuna and Kalam trees. All the varieties of green gram performed superior in terms of number of leaves, numbers of branches, grain yield (per plant and per plot basis) under open condition as compared to crops under Arjuna and Kalam. However, only the plant height was found to be highest under Arjun, followed by Kalam trees. Among all the varieties tested, K-851 variety showed superiority for number of leaves (12.31) and number of branches per plant (3.96) and grain yield (2.66 gm per plant and 0.80 kg per plot) as compared to other varieties (at P=0.05). Therefore, this variety is suggested to grow in south Gujarat condition. Further, comparatively lower yield of crop under tree cover could be due to shade effect, which can be managed by regular pruning of tree branches.
Phytotoxicity of herbicides on Cynodon dactylon
Authors: Siddappa Siddappa , Geeta B. L. , Likhitha Raj , Jayaprasad K. V. , Bandri Revannappa R.
Published: April 2018

Field experiment was conducted to manage the sedge and broad leaf weeds in lawn during November to December 2013 to February to March 2014. Experimental plot was red sandy loam soil with pH 6.50.The experimental plot consisted of bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon which was established through turfing. The experimental plot was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) having 17 treatments with three replications. Herbicide treatments include 2, 4-D sodium salt 80 WP at (2, 3 and 4g/lit of water), 2, 4-D dimethyl amine salt 58% EC at (5, 7.5 and 10 ml/lit of water), carfentrozone ethyl 40 DF at (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/lit of water), fluroxypyr meptyl 48% EC at (1.5, 3 and 6 ml/lit of water) and chlorimuron methyl + metasulfuron methyl at (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/lit of water). Hand weeding was done at every 20 days interval at 20 days after application of herbicides and also maintained one unweeded control in during November to December and February to March. The phytotoxic symptoms were observed only fluroxypyr meptyl 48% EC applied at 6 ml/lit of water at 3, 7, 10, 15 and 25 days after application of herbicides (DAAH) but it recovered at later stages. However, the other herbicides did not cause any phytotoxic effect on C. dactylon.
Genetic divergence evaluation of apple germplasm by D2 multivariate analysis
Authors: Sharma Anju , Kumar Rakesh , Mankotia M. S. , Mahajan P. K. , Belwal O. K. , Sharma Satish K.
Published: April 2018

Genetic divergence was worked out in the new germplasm of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) including 42 genotypes. Mahalanobis's D2 statistics was applied for identifying the potential parents to be involved in the hybridization programme for trait specific improvement or selecting better segregants. On the basis of performance for various traits, genotypes were grouped into three clusters and maximum numbers of genotypes i.e. 28 were accommodated in cluster I , while 10 and 4 genotypes were arranged in cluster II and III respectively. The average intra cluster distance was maximum in cluster II (2.214) and minimum in cluster III (1.212). Inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster II and III (5.077) indicating that hybridization between genotypes from cluster II and III can be utilized for getting the superior recombinants in segregating generations. On the basis of cluster means for various characters , cluster II was found superior for shoot thickness (0.34cm), inter - nodal length (2.38cm), number of lenticels (62.10) and leaf blade length (8.79cm) whereas cluster III was found superior for leaf blade width (5.10cm), petiole length (2.64cm) and leaf blade ratio (3.62). Hence, hybridization between parents from cluster II and cluster III for these characters can produce better recombinants in segregating generations.
Yield enhancement of chilli through integrated crop management in Kalaburagi district of Karnataka, India
Authors: Raju Raju , Teggelli G. , Siddappa Siddappa , Ahamad Zaheer , Naik Anand
Published: April 2018

One of the major reasons of low productivity in chilli is the lack of technical knowledge of the farmers about judicious and timely implementation of the management strategies against the major biotic stresses (insect pests and diseases) which ultimately reduce its return. Considering the integrated crop management on need based plant protection in vegetables was conducted in farmer’s fields at different villages of the Kalaburagi district, under northern part of Karnataka, during the period from 2011-12 to 2013-14 show the productivity potential and profitability of improved technologies. The results showed that, on an average the highest yield achieved by adopting integrated crop management was 260.17 quintals ha-1, whereas the corresponding yield ranged under farmer’s practices was to 235.243 quintals ha-1 of green chillies. Adoption of integrated crop management will increase the yield 10.56% over farmer practices. The average technological gap, extension gap and technological index were noticed 139.83 quintals ha-1, 24.92 quintals ha-1 and 34.95 % respectively. The economics of data indicated that an average of Rs. 1,64,500 ha-1 was recorded net profit under recommended practices while it was Rs 129976.7 ha-1 under farmer practices. Cost benefit ratio was 3.07 under demonstration, while it was 2.35 under farmer practices. Practicing of integrated crop management with improved technologies will improve the farmer socio-economical level.
Effect of waterlogging tolerance in wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) at ear emergence stage on growth, biochemical and yield parameters in sodic soil
Authors: Yadav Vinaya Kumar , Kajla Mamta , Singh S. P. , Singh A. K. , Yadav R. K. , Dwivedi Ajeet Kumar
Published: April 2018

Globally more than one-third of the irrigated area is under waterlogging which limits our wheat production and out of which northern Indo-Gangetic plains of India alone had 2.5 million ha affected by irregular waterlogging. So, to meet out the food demand of ever-growing population we have to find some alternates to harness the potential of the waterlogged area. With this point of view this investigation was conducted to study the changes in growth and biochemical behavior of wheat due to waterlogging at ear emergence stage in sodic soil and also to assess the traits conferring higher yield at experimental site of department of crop physiology, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.), India. The results showed that the genotypic variability exists for waterlogging tolerance in wheat varieties evaluated under investigation. HD-2009 which is susceptible to waterlogging gave poor performance in terms of growth parameters, biochemical behavior and traits conferring higher yield under waterlogging conditions at ear head emergence stage in sodic soil as compared to HD-2851, KRL-3-4 and KRL-99 wheat varieties. KRL-99 (1.80g yield plant-1) gave best results followed KRL-3-4 (1.37g yield plant-1) by under waterlogged conditions at ear head emergence stage in sodic soil.
Assessment of the genetic diversity among oily spot (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae) pathogen of pomegranate by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis
Authors: Eknath Wayde Jitendra , Dange Akshay S. , Pagar Trishala A. , Sapkal Deepak Rameshwar , Bansal Monika
Published: April 2018

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important fruit crop of India and other subtropical countries. Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Punicae is becoming a major threat in Maharashtra as well as other states of India. It causes yield losses up to the extent of 80 – 90 %. This study aims to the collection of 7 strains (X. axonopodis) and utilized for assessment of genetic diversity by using RAPD markers. Whereas 7 strains of X. axonopodis were differentiated and distinguished into seven major region representing Malegaon, Nampur, Satana, Khakurdi, Ramnagar, Rahuri and Nashik region. However the genetic similarity within 7strains of X. axonopodis was ranged between 72.72-100 %. Similarly the genetic relationship of strains X. axonopodis was also established and showed 72.72 %, 72.72 %, 72.72 % 92.30%, 94.11% and 100 % similarity with region of Malegaon, Nampur, Satana, Khakurdi, Ramnagar, Rahuri and Nashik region. Average polymorphism in strains of X. axanopodis based on RAPD analysis was 84.095 %. The combine data analysis by using UPGMA method also revealed the two distinct groups representing seven strains of X. axonopodis and in first group M1 and second group R4 and subgroup RH6, N2, NS7, S3, K5, these genotypes were present respectively. Considering predominance and economic loss caused by X. axonopodis pv. punicae in pomegranate, it is an essential to undertake preliminary work on characterization of this pathogen at the molecular level.
A sustainable rice production technology: problems and prospects
Authors: Rohila A. K. , Ghanghas B. S. , Kumar Pawan , Shehrawat P. S. , Mukteshawar Rati
Published: April 2018

The study has focused on problems and prospects perceived by farmers’ for growing rice in direct seeded cultivation mode i.e. Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) in Haryana (India). Overall adoption of DSR technology was low to moderate since 70 per cent respondents belonged to these categories. The method of sowing (weighted mean score 3.0), depth of sowing (2.93) and seed treatment (2.93) were highly adopted agronomic practices, whereas least adopted practices were like recommended seed rate (1.94), timely application of fertilizers (1.87) and their recommended doses (1.73), and ferrous sulphate use only at deficiency syndrome (1.19) not as per recommended schedule. Among constraints non-availability of quality seeds, fertilizers, weedicides and pesticides in required quantity and at proper time (1.64), high weed infestation in DSR in comparison to transplanting (2.88), wide fluctuation in prices (2.83) of basmati paddy due to lack of MSP, lack of storage facilities in villages (2.78), lack of proper knowledge of irrigation schedule (1.73), non-availability of extension personnel (1.64), lack of low credit facility (1.62), non-availability of agricultural magazines and literature in time in villages (2.78), lack of stable procurement policy for basmati rice (2.78) and lack of trained field staff to provide technical guidance during cultivation (2.02) process were serious constraints faced by farmers in adoption of DSR technology in Haryana. Since majority of respondent farmers agreed that DSR technology give better net returns in comparison to transplanting (2.95), less labour requirement (2.92) and best suited to climate change risks (2.66).
Character association and path analysis studies in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes
Authors: Mangi Vittal , Patil H. B. , Mallesh Sanganamoni , Karadi Shivappa M , Satish D.
Published: April 2018

Character association and path analysis in sixty genotypes of brinjal was studied for 17 important characters. The character association studies revealed that the total yield per plant had significant and positive association with plant height (0.385), plant spread (0.660), number of primary branches (0.545), stem girth (0.539) at 90 days after transplanting (DAT), early yield per plant, number of fruits per plant and fruit diameter. While it was negatively and significantly associated with days to first flowering (-0.302 and -0.230), days to 50 per cent flowering (-0.272 and 0.229) and days to first fruit maturity (-0.164 and -0.168) at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Narrow differences between the genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were observed for various traits in the present findings. This indicates the lesser influence of the environment in the expression of these traits and presence of strong inherent association among the traits. Path analysis studies revealed that significant positive association at genotypic level among the traits viz., plant height (0.235), leaf area (at 90 DAT) (0.228), days to first fruit maturity (0.162), number of fruits per cluster (0.280) and early yield per plant (1.903) had exhibited true association with direct effect on yield per plant. The direct selection for these traits would be rewarding for improvement in the total yield per plant.
Effect of biofertilizers on soil microbial count, nutrient availability and uptake under november sown onion
Authors: Talwar Dilpreet , Singh Kulbir , Singh Jagdish
Published: April 2018

Biofertilizers improves the soil microbial content, Soil nutrient status and nutrient uptake by plant. In an experiment, fifteen treatments comprised of various combinations of biofertilizers, organic manures and chemical fertilizers were compared to access the impact of different sources of nutrient on performance of onion. The highest soil organic carbon (0.40%) was observed in the treatments T12 (Farm Yard Manure (FYM) @ 20 t/ha) and T11 (FYM myctes count (29.9 X 104) was recorded in T11 (FYM @ 20 t/ha + Azotobacter + VAM) treatment while highest fungal @ 20 t/ha + Azotobacter + Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM)). Highest bacterial (24.5 X 106) and actino-count (17.5 X 103) was observed in T3 (Azospirillium+ Recommended dose of NPK) treatment. At the time of harvesting, available nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) were higher in treatment T3 (Azospirillium + Recommended dose of NPK), T9 (Azotobacter+ VAM + Recommended dose of NPK) and T13 (Poultry treatment (162.6 Kg ha-1) as compared to all other treatments except T1 and T9 treatments while P uptake (13.6 Kg ha-Manure @ 5t/ha) treatments respectively than that in other treatments. Azospirillum and Azotobacter application along with recommended dose of N, P and K improved the fertility status of soil. The N uptake was significantly higher in T3 treatments. The present study highlights the need of use of biofertilizers along with organic and inorganic 1) was significantly higher in T9 treatment than that in other treatments except T1, T3, T5 and T7 treatments. The K uptake was significantly higher in T3 treatment (126.9 Kg ha-1) as compare to all other treatments except T1 and T9 manures/fertilizer to enhance the nutrient availability and improve soil health.
Physico-chemical, proximate, sensory and storage quality attributes analysis of Papaver somniferum (poppy) fortified chevon nuggets
Authors: Kamal Saniya B. , Kumar Arvind , Tanwar Tanuj
Published: April 2018

Papaver somniferum(Poppy) seeds contain poly-phenols like tannic acid, ellagitannin that act as antioxidant, fat replacer, sedative, analgesic and anti-tussive properties, disease preventing and health promoting proper-ties. Efficacy of ground P. somniferum poppy seed was used in chevon nuggets was analyzed. The use of ground poppy seed in chevon nuggets formulation had no effect on moisture as well as pH content of poppy seed incorporated chevon nuggets. However, ground poppy seed incorporation in chevon nuggets had significantly (p<0.05) lower fat content, higher protein content, higher emulsion stability and subsequently higher cooking yield. Chevon nuggets having 10% ground poppy seed were having significantly (p<0.05) higher sensory scores. The ground poppy seed treated chevon nuggets were having significantly (p<0.05) lower TBA and FFA value. The microbial load of developed product was significantly (p<0.05) lower during refrigeration storage. The chevon nuggets prepared with fortification of ground poppy seed was found to be suitable for consumption till 21st day during refrigeration storage based on TBA, FFA, microbiological and sensory profile. Thus, chevon nuggets with good to very good acceptability were developed with incorporation of ground poppy (P. somniferum) seed in it. The chevon nuggets developed consisted of higher amount of antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acid with better sensory scores and longer shelf-life.
Management of red rust thrips, Chaetanophothripssignipennis (Bagnall) in banana
Authors: Bisane K. D. , Saxena S. P. , Naik B. M.
Published: April 2018

The commercial value of banana is mainly affected by red rust thrips, Chaetanophothripssignipennis(Bagnall) during fruiting phase at maturity. In this context, the trial was framed at F.R.S., N.A.U., Gandevi under ICAR-AICRP (Fruits) programme. The three years data on efficacy of bio-rational pesticides for management of red rust thrips revealed that bud injection of imidacloprid (0.3 ml/ 500 ml water) @ 1 ml/bud exhibited lowest unblemished fruits up to 8.37% over conventional spraying (20.72%) and bunch sleeving method (42.83%). The comparable results on fruit damage (14.83%) was observed with bud injection of azadirachtin (1%) (5 ml/l water) @ 2 ml/bud over conventional spray. The merit of technology furnished higher no. of unblemished fruits (<10%) and original peel superficial appearance remains impassive under bud injection technique with higher benefit cost ratio with very low dose of pesticide provide financial profit to growers and traders. Besides, imidacloprid residue was not detected in harvested fruits and there is no other technology available to remove this malady of banana
Character association and path analysis studies in germplasm lines of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench)
Authors: Khadakabhavi Santosh , Girish G. , Yashoda Yashoda
Published: April 2018

The field experiment was carried out using 121 germplasm lines of rabi sorghum to study association among the yield and its component traits, direct and indirect effects of traits on the yield. Association studies indicat-ed that at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, panicle width (rg=0.190; rp=0.204) and 1000 grain weight (rg=0.450; rp=0.520) showed significantly positive correlation with grain yield per plant. Genotypic correlation magnitude was higher than phenotypic correlation. Partitioning of yield and yield components both at phenotypic and genotypic levels into direct and indirect effects revealed that the characters that had positive direct effects on grain yield were 1000 grain weight (Ppi=+0.3085, Pgi=+0.4621), panicle length (Ppi=+0.1516, Pgi=+0.2843), days to maturity (Ppi=+0.1539, Pgi=+0.1391) at both genotypic and phenotypic level. On grain yield indicating importance of these characters hence, due consideration should be given to these characters while planning a breeding strategy by utilizing rabisorghum.
Nutritional, microbial and sensory quality evaluation of fermented Setipinnaphasa, Hamilton 1822, (PhassyaShidal), marketed in North-east India
Authors: Kakati Bipul Kumar , Goswami Umesh Ch
Published: April 2018

Fermented Setipinnaphasa (Phassya Shidal) is a traditional fish product, popular in the north eastern states of India, because of its typical flavor and aroma. The proximate composition, biochemical, microbiological and sensory qualities of Phassya Shidal available in markets were studied. The results of the analysis showed that the market samples of Phassya Shidal were a good source of protein (27.20%). The pH and moisture content were 6.2 and 37.52%, respectively. Both Phassya Shidal and fresh Setipinnaphasa (raw material) were rich in lysine, leucine, valine, aspartic acid, alanine and glutamic acid. The effect of fermentation on the amino acids content of the sample was not significant except in histidine (P<0.05). An increase in the contents of fatty acids and amino acids composi-tion was observed in the Phassya Shidal during fermentation. Significant variations (P<0.05) in the proportions of some unsaturated fatty acids were noticed between product and fresh fish. The major saturated fatty acids were C16:0 and C18:0. The Oleic acid was the prominent monounsaturated fatty acid. The dominant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were of the n-3 series. The major PUFA found chiefly in linoleic acid and linolenic acid in both the samples. The physicochemical analysis revealed that the product was of acceptable quality. The bacterial flora of Phaasya Shidal comprised of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli indicating unhygienic handling practices during preparation and storage. Though the product had acceptable sensory quality, strict hygienic measures should be adopted during processing to safeguard the health of the consumers.
Identification and characterization of Pseudomonas fluorescensstrains effective against Xanthomonasoryzaepv. oryzae causing bacterial blight of rice in Punjab, India
Authors: Hunjan Mandeep Singh , Thakur Anjali , Singh Pushpinder Paul
Published: April 2018

For the control of bacterial blight of rice caused by Xanthomonasoryzaepv. oryzae, sixty four Pseudomonas fluorescens strains were recovered from rice and wheat rhizosphere. These strains were identified on the basis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. It was observed that the strains showing fluorescence in the selective media showed the amplification of the targeted P. fluorescens specific ITS region. The strains were also characterized for the production of the antibiotic 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) using phlDlocus. The characteristic 750bp region was amplified in all the DAPG producing strains. These strains were evaluated against X. oryzae in vitro by dual culture method. The P. fluorescens strains found effective in vitro were further tested in field for their antagonistic potentiality and disease suppression ability. P. fluorescens strain number Pf-4-R showed maximum inhibition i.e. of 5.5 mm against the test pathogen X. oryzaepv. oryzae. Talc based powder formulation of the effective strain Pf-4-R used for field evaluation, showed that pre-inoculation foliar sprays were effective in controlling bacterial blight of rice with disease suppression efficiency ranging from 29.6 to 65.6 percent in different treatments.
Efficacy of different fungicides for management of early blight disease of potato
Authors: Murmu S. , Dey S. , Chakraborty A.
Published: April 2018

The early blight of potato may be controlled by using bio-control agents and plant extracts but not effectively and rapidly. But using of chemical fungicides the disease can be controlled easily and losses of yield will be reduced compare to above mentioned both control measures. Keeping this in mind an experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of seven different fungicides (difenoconazole, propiconazole, hexaconazole, propineb 61% + iprov-alicarb 5.25%, propineb, carbendazim and metalaxyl 8% + mancozeb 64%) for controlling early blight of potato un-der in vivo as well as in vitro condition. These antifungal compounds were applied 3 times at 7days interval after first appearance of the disease in the field. Highest percent disease reduction (57.88%) and highest yield of tuber (27.03 t/ha) was recorded in plot sprayed with propiconazole @1 ml/lit followed by propineb and propineb 61% + iprovalicarb 5.25%, with percent disease reduction 55.98%, 51.90% and yield 26.30 t/ha and 24.53 t/ha respectively. Simultaneously in vitro efficacy of these fungicides were also tested against Alternaria solani where propiconazole and propineb exhibited highest percent inhibition(100%) in radial growth and in case of spore germination inhibition in spite of these two fungicides difenoconazole, hexaconazole and propineb 61% + iprovalicarb 5.25% exhibit same result i.e. 100% inhibition compared to control as well as other treatments. Therefore it may be suggested that propiconazole and propineb can be used successfully in controlling of this disease.
Oxidative stability and storage quality of Menthalongifolia L. extract fortified fish nuggets at refrigeration temperature
Authors: Raja Fahim , Kumar Arvind , Tanwar Tanuj Tanwar , Kamal Saniya Botoul
Published: April 2018

The present study was experimented to explore antioxidant potential of herb viz. M. longifolia L. inelongating the shelf life of emulsion based fish product. Since the fish meat product contain excessive amount ofprotein and fat which are vulnerable to spoilage due to proteolysis and lipolysis. Therefore fish nuggets incorporated with 0% (Control), 1%, 2%, and 3% of M. longifolia L. extract along with control was studied to explore the potential of Artemisia nilagiricaL. on oxidative stability and storage of aerobically packaged fish nuggets at refrigeration temp on 0,7,14 and 21st day. Aqueous ethanolic extract of M. longifolia L. was prepared and incorporated in fish nuggets.Fish nuggets prepared with M. longifolia L. (1%) extract were recorded to be the best among all based on varioussensory attributes with overall acceptability of 7.76±0.19. Extract of M. longifolia L. fortified fish nuggets were safefor human consumption till 21st day of refrigeration (4±1)°C storage under aerobically packaging on the basis of TBAvalue, FFA value, microbiological profile and sensory evaluation. The pH, TBA, FFA, total plate count, yeast andmould count were recorded to 6.49±0.008, 0.825±0.0012, 0.320±0.0005, 4.35±0.010, 1.26±0.013 and 2.20±0.008respectively, and were found within acceptable range on 21st day of refrigeration storage. Thus, it can be interpretedthat 1% aqueous ethanolic extracts of M. longifoliacan be utilized in enhancing the shelf-life and improving the sensoryscores of fish nuggets.
Bio-efficacy of bifenthrin 8 SC against shoot and fruit borer and red spidermite of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
Authors: Roy Kusal , Rathod Arun , Devi M. Soniya
Published: April 2018

A field study was conducted to evaluate the relative bio-efficacy of bifenthrin 8 SC @60g, 80g, 100g,120g, 140g a.i./ha against shoot and fruit borer and red spider mite of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench cv. OH -152 at the Central Research Farm of BCKV, Nadia, West Bengal, for two consecutive seasons. Cypermethrin10 EC @70g a.i./ha and dicofol 18.5 EC @500g a.i./ha were used as standard treated check in the experiment. Population of beneficial insects like spider, predatory mites and Braconid parasitoid were also recorded during the time of observation on pests’ infestation. Among treatments, bifenthrin 8 SC @ 100 to 140g a.i./ha was found significantly(p?0.05) superior over treated check cypermethrin 10 EC @ 70g a.i./ha and dicofol 18.5 EC @ 500g a.i./ha tobring down Earias vittella and red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) population, respectively, on okra. Bifenthrin 8SC @ 140g a.i./ha recorded maximum fruit yield (82.3 q/ha during kharif 2012 and 53.1q/ha during rabi 2012-13) ofokra. Also, foliar application of bifenthrin 8 SC did not reveal any significant (p?0.05) adverse effect on population of spider, predatory mite and Braconid parasitoid in okra crop ecosystem. These findings will facilitate the selection of bifenthrin 8 SC as an effective acaro-insecticides for effective control of shoot and fruit borer and red spider mite of okra.
Genetic divergence studies in clusterbean [Cyamopsis Tetragoloba (L.) Taub.] genotypes for seed yield and gum content under rain-fed conditions
Authors: Singh Sukhdeep , Singh Baldeep , Singh Gajraj
Published: April 2018

The genetic diversity among 33 cluster bean genotypes was evaluated under rain fed conditions during kharif 2012. The genetic material exhibited wide range of genetic diversity for all the twelve characters investigated. All the genotypes were grouped into seven different clusters. Cluster I was the largest comprising 11 genotypes followed by cluster II consisting of 8 genotypes, cluster V (5), cluster VI (4), cluster IV (2), cluster VII (2), cluster III (1). The clustering pattern indicated that there was lot of diversity among the genotypes and there was no relationship and independent. The intra cluster distance was highest at cluster VI followed by cluster I and II over others. The between the genetic and geographical diversity of the genotypes, but the distribution of the genotypes was random higher magnitude of inter-cluster distance were observed between cluster IV and VI (7.644) followed by cluster IV and cluster III and IV (5.861) and cluster II and V (5.834) indicating wider genetic diversity between the genotypes in V (7.582); cluster II and IV (6.802); cluster IV and VII (6.682); cluster I and IV (6.569); cluster II and VII (6.052); likely to produce more transgressive segregants. It is suggested that genotypes belonging to the clusters I, IV and VII these clusters. The uses of genotypes in hybridization from these clusters having most of the desirable characters are having diversified growth habit may be crossed with genotypes belonging to cluster II as they may be expected to produce good segregants with high yield potential.