bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inheritance between Generations, Magic and Institutions of Power in Early China
Authors:   Sun Yat-sen University, Dept. Philosophy, Kanaev Ilya A. , Dryaeva Ella D. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: April 2023

It is foreseen that the emergence of culture has been a key factor in human evo­lutionary success. However, the richness of cultural forms and significant differ­ences between national cultures complicates the demarcation of cultural prac­tices and natural behavior. This leads to a blurring of the concept of culture and makes possible speculations on the concept of human nature under the slogans of returning to the natural state of human beings and canceling artificial restric­tions. Therefore, a clear understanding of the evolutionary continuity of the hu­man species along with the demarcation of human consciousness and self-iden­tity from their evolutionary predecessors is needed. The authors of this article continue the interdisciplinary study of consciousness and combine it with data from anthropology, history, and philosophy of the Chinese culture, which has been able to maintain uninterrupted continuity for more than three millennia. The most ancient magical practices of the Shang dynasty demonstrate a direct connection with some forms of prehistoric behavior, in which one should look for the foundations of the culture. Merging magic and state institutions under the leadership of the Shang clan caused the transformation of a mystical worldview into a system of more abstract philosophical concepts. The consequent develop­ment of this system in classical canons of the Zhou dynasty became the basis for the formation of the philosophy of the Changes, which reflects the most fun­damental principles of the Chinese culture. This research allows us to con­sider the historical development of culture on a concrete example and question the essence and future of human development.
Toward the Phenomenology of the Image in the Chinese Tradition
Authors:   Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Maliavin Vladimir V. ,   Институт Китая и современной Азии РАН,   Педагогический университет провинции Хэбэй
Published: April 2023

Chinese philosophical thought did not regard visual perception as a resource for thinking and lacked the concept of an ontologically meaningful image, which plays such an important role in Western metaphysics. The meaning of the image in China was determined by the mode of its functioning in human practice. This mode was based on the quasi-metaphysics of transformation, in the light of which being is indistinguishable from multiplicity, and things are real and uni­fied in the moment of their transformation, which on the surface appears as dissi­pation, disappearance, but actually certifies the fullness of being. This composite act of abandonment-recreation has had various names: absence, emptiness, chaos, centeredness, the non-divided trunk, the supreme ancestor, etc. The image in the Chinese tradition predates the opposition of the ideal and the material and is cognized by a kind of somatic enlightenment, which, according to the above-mentioned matrix of being, combines “abandonment” of individual conscious­ness with the release of life’s metamorphosis. Hence the undying interest of Chi­nese thinkers in the phantasmic substratum (lit. “forest of images” or simply “thing”) of experience. In this case the image is a projection (shadow, trace) of transformation, its nature is similarity, imaginary, refraction into another exis­tence, its properties being spontaneity, dynamism, ability to penetrate various plans of existence, inaccessibility to reflection. In cultural practice the image ranges from phantasmagoric expression to pseudo-naturalistic representation. The requirement to combine the visible and the invisible, the fantastic and the real, the realistic and the grotesque, accompanying this philosophy of the im­age, eventually exploded the classical tradition of China from within and along with it the imperative of spiritual perfection through a return to the saturated emptiness of proto- and in-between being
Rise and Fall of Soviet Marxist Philosophy
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Renmin University of China, Qinyan An
Published: April 2023

Содержанием советской марксистской философии является диалектиче­ский и исторический материализм, а основной сутью – особое внимание к материальной объективности мира и закономерностям его движения. Эта философия, отвечавшая потребностям русской пролетарской революции и строительства советского государства, а также рационального просвеще­ния российского общества, родилась в период создания сталинской моде­ли социализма, вскоре стала официальной философией и достигла своего звездного часа. После 1953 г., с подъемом гуманизма, советская марксист­ская философия подверглась все новым и новым атакам. Сталинская мо­дель социализма, построенная на централизованном управлении обществом, не смогла приспособиться к потребностям социума, в котором наука и тех­ника стали первой производительной силой, и оказалась в трудной ситуа­ции. Провал горбачевских реформ привел к исчезновению Коммунистиче­ской партии Советского Союза, распаду социалистического Советского Союза и концу советской марксистской философии. Секрет взлета и паде­ния советской марксистской философии кроется в советском социалистиче­ском эксперименте. Советская марксистская философия заложила теорети­ческие основы для модернизации России, а изучение глобальных проблем, предпринятое в ней, остается актуальным и сегодня.
Criticism of Western Modernization in Russian Thought and Its Consonance to Modernity
Authors:   Soochow University, Yuling Che , Yanjiao Teng ,   Soochow University
Published: April 2023

During the process of globalization, western countries represented by the United States and the United Kingdom have been advocating the so-called “universal” development mode. In response to western modernization, there has always been a “counter-enlightenment” trend in Russia’s cultural tradition. The fight between Slavophils and Western faction is not only a choice between two development paths, but also a confrontation between two civilizations. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the failure of shock therapy, traditional Russian thought has received renewed attention in contemporary times facing the current devel­opment status of Russia. Attempts have been made to construct a civilization with Russian national characteristics, so as to surpass the development of West­ern capital modernity. The works of Vladimir S. Soloviev, Nikolai A. Berdyaev, Nikolai Ya. Danilevsky formulate both the discrepancies between the founda­tions of Russian culture and the models of Westernization introduced from out­side, as well as the general principles of preserving cultural diversity in the world; many of their ideas find support and continuation in the works of modern Rus­sian philosophers, including Andrey V. Smirnov. There are some commonalities between the “Russian reflection” on Western modernization and the “Chinese wisdom” that China is now building.
Rethinking and Reviving: The Modern Fate of Traditional Russian Values
Authors:   School of Philosophy, Fudan University, Lishuang Guo
Published: April 2023

The collapse of the Soviet Union provoked abrupt social transformations that brought the system into a state of extreme instability. The new situation re­quired Russia to search for new spiritual supports and a new spiritual impulse. At a sharp historical turning point, this role was assigned to traditional Russian values, which had to be rethought and revived. It was mainly about the return of the “Russian idea” to the field of public consciousness, about the revival of Orthodox ethics and the ideology of neoconservatism. The modern transfor­mation of traditional Russian values was supposed to give Russia the opportu­nity to embark on its own unique path, reassemble the “new Russia”, providing it with a new civilizational platform, a new academic orientation, and to form a secular psychological basis for the upcoming changes, which would become a serious barrier in confronting the challenges of European and American values. At the same time, the very possibility of such a transformation still rests on the inevitability of the prospect of turning Russian civilization into an empire, which causes concern. It is necessary to approach all this objectively in terms of reflexive and critical thinking
On the Philosophical Foundations of the Concept of a Community Common Destiny for Mankind
Authors:   Hainan Normal University, Hun Chen , Xiaojuan Gan ,   Gan Xiaojuan Hainan Normal University
Published: April 2023

The concept of the community of the common destiny for mankind presents the result of deep philosophical reflections on the future development of the world from the perspective of all mankind. Answering the questions what kind of world to build and how to build this world, it proposes to use Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions. The concept of the community of the common destiny for mankind has a deep philosophical basis and takes into account a wide historical horizon. It develops and renews the philosophical provisions of Marxism about the generic essence of man and about world history. Marx’s idea of Gattungswe­sen des Menschen (species essence of human being) goes beyond the biological “population” and “ethnic group”, lays a strong philosophical and ideological ba­sis of the concept of “community of the unified fate of mankind”. This concept also develops such the best traditional philosophical concepts of China as “har­mony while maintaining differences” for society, “unity of nature and human”, “harmonization of ten thousand neighboring countries” in the doctrine of inter­state relations. The idea of the community of the common destiny for mankind is becoming more recognized in the international community, it becomes an impor­tant guideline for maintaining peace around the world and promoting world development.
Romantic Roots of Modern Russian Eurasian Thought
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Chunming Zu
Published: April 2023

The study of modern Russian Eurasian thought has already become a prominent trend in Russian and Chinese scientific circles. The article traces the ideological history of Eurasianism, highlights the main directions of thought on which it re­lies. The direct source of the current Eurasianism is classical Eurasianism, which was formed among the Russian emigration in the 1920s–1930s. We should not forget about two intermediate links in this chain of succession: on the one hand, the teachings of Lev N. Gumilyov, on the other hand, the concepts of the Slavophiles. If we look at it from the point of view of the history of Western thought, we will find that the origins of Eurasianism go back to the German ro­manticism of the late eighteenth century. Between the then German romanticism and modern Russian Eurasian thought, there is a clear ideological connection, a common spiritual orientation, which lies in the consciousness of uniqueness. Possessing the Russian national spirit, which is controlled by the consciousness of uniqueness, Russia, in the understanding of the representatives of this tradi­tion of thought, is an independent and integral civilizational space, different from Europe and Asia, therefore Russia must follow a unique historical path.
Society as an Institutional Form of Social Reality
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Momdzhyan Karen Kh.
Published: April 2023

The article examines the controversial issues associated with understanding the category of “society”, which is of key importance for reflective social philo­sophy and theoretical sociology. The author criticizes the extremely broad inter­pretation of society as a social reality – a substantively independent subsystem of the world around us, isolated from nature and different from it. Society is understood by the author as an institutional form of the existence of social rea­lity – a self-sufficient human collective capable of producing and reproducing all the necessary conditions for the individual and collective existence of peo­ple, including their formation as social beings. The author views society as a real social group consisting of interconnected people who carry out joint coor­dinated activities aimed at realizing common interests and goals. The point of view is criticized, which denies the ontological reality of society, considering it as an “imaginary community” of people, a product of their project conscious­ness. The author criticizes the approach according to which the interpretation of society as a real group is not applicable to a society divided into classes with multidirectional interests that cause permanent conflicts between their carriers. The author analyzes the phenomenon of self-sufficient existence, which distin­guishes society from non-self-sufficient social groups, distinguishes between actual and potential forms of self-sufficiency, examines its real content associ­ated with the production of subjective, material, informational and organiza­tional elements of social life necessary for its maintenance. The article exam­ines the polemics of representatives of “methodological individualism” and “methodological collectivism” associated with the interpretation of society as an integrative subject with its own needs, interests and goals that are absent from the people who form the society.
The efficacy of intraosseous tranexamic acid administration in a proximal femoral canal in cementless total hip arthroplasty, A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chompoosang Thakrit , Sritu Rutthakorn , ploynumpon patcharavit -
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is useful for reducing blood loss and blood transfusion after THA is useful for both intravenous (IV) and tropical routes. There is no distinction between DVT and VTE complications. There is currently no report of intraosseous tranexamic acid (IO-TXA) administration in THA.
Methods
A prospective, randomized, controlled study of 48 cementless total hip arthroplasty. 25 hips received TXA 750 mg intravenous route (IV-TXA) combined with 500 mg of TXA to the medullary canal, compared with 23 hips controlled by TXA 750 mg IV injection. The primary outcome is total blood loss (TBL) which is calculated using the Hemoglobin balance equation from hemoglobin. The secondary outcome is blood transfusion, which refers to IO-TXA's effectiveness, and complication regarding to IO-TXA's safety.
Results
THA patients who received combined IV and IO-TXA had ( 723.9 ± 233.5vs 1044.1 ± 425.7)of the control group (P = 0.03) ). However, there are no statistically significant differences in blood transfusion in the combined group 7/20 (28%) vs 9/18 (39%) in the IV-TXA group (P = 0.128), the complication was seen in only one case of Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that received combined IV and IO-TXA.
Discussion
TXA frequency use in THA for reducing blood loss and blood transfusion, meta-analysis study comparison of combined IV and topical administration of TXA with IV-TXA alone show statistical different of Total blood loss(250.37, P = 0.000), no difference of hidden blood loss(117.23, P = 0.091), combined TXA can also decrease the transfusion rate by 9.1%(RR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.63; P = 0.001). No significant differences were seen in DVT between the two groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
There is a statistically significant difference in TBL. Howerver, blood transfusions and complications are not statistically significant in combined IV and IO-TXA or IV-TXA.
Neural impact of Skill and Goal-based Training in Adults with Dyslexia: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Cheema Kulpreet , Hunyh Thi , Hodgetts Bill , Cummine Jacqueline
Published: April 2023

Studies on neurobiological mechanisms of dyslexia-related interventions are ubiquitous in the literature; however, almost all of the studies come from interventions performed with children. Since dyslexia is a lifelong disorder, there needs to be more work done to understand an adult’s brain response to intervention. We recruited twenty adults with dyslexia to participate in an eight-week online intervention study. Before and after the intervention, all participants completed two functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) tasks to assess sound awareness (i.e., phoneme deletion) and sentence comprehension (i.e., sentence comprehension) skills. We found group-specific intervention effects, in which the Skill-based group significantly improved their accuracy of phoneme deletion task. In contrast, no intervention impact was evident for the sentence comprehension task. The fNIRS results provided evidence for both normalizing (i.e., significant activation in the typical reading network) and compensatory changes (i.e., significant activation in the regions outside of the reading network) in brain, namely in the left fusiform gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus, respectively. These results are further discussed in the context of function of the brain structures and the previous evidence from intervention studies.
Induction of embryonic callus from hypocotyl and needle of Pinus thunbergii Parl.
Authors: Dai Jing , Guo Chenhao , Liu Jing , Meng Peng
Published: April 2023

To lay the foundation for the establishment of somatic embryogenesis system in the vegetative organs of Pinus thunbergii Parl, the induction of somatic embryogenic callus(EC) was studied using hypocotyls as explants to find out the key factors affecting EC induction, and investigate the effects of medium type, concentration of auxin (2,4-D) and cytokinin (6-BA) on the EC induction. Orthogonal experiment design with three factors and four levels was adopted. MS, WPM, B5 and DCR were used as the basic medium, respectively, with different concentrations of 2,4-D (0.5 mg·L-1, 1.5 mg·L-1, 2.0 mg·L-1, 2.5 mg·L-1) and 6-BA (0.5 mg·L-1, 1.0 mg·L-1, 1.5 mg·L-1, 2.0 mg·L-1), with additional 0.2 mg·L-1 polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP), 6 g·L-1 agar and 20 g·L-1 sucrose to induce callus. The interactions between the factors, the optimal combination and the best hormone concentration ratio were investigated by statistical methods. Callus were sampled for morphological observation under a stereoscopic microscope, followed by cytological observation under a biological microscope using a double staining method of acetate magenta and Evans blue to identify whether they were embryonic callus. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) contents in the callus of different succession cultures were measured to test whether embryonic stage of the induced callus could be maintained. The results showed that the optimal combination was DCR + 2.5 mg·L-1 2,4-D + 1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA, and this protocol resulted in 98.7% (±1.9%) induction of callus. Using this protocol, callus of needle explants was also successfully induced, but the callus induction was slower. Microscopic observation reveals a distinct embryonic callus structure, an embryonic head with several suspensor cells. The analysis of variance showed that among the three factors, 2,4-D concentration significantly affected the callus induction rate (p<0.05), while the medium type and the 6-BA concentration had nonsignificant effect. Even so, the analysis of interaction showed that there was a significant interaction between the combination of 2,4-D and 6-BA (p<0.05). The PPO viability was significantly higher in the callus grown for 3 weeks, while it decreased after first and second succession. The above results inferred that 2,4-D plays an important role in embryotic callus induction process in the hypocotyl of P. thunbergii Parl. Although 6-BA concentration level by itself had no significant effect on callus induction rate, there may be complex links between the 6-BA and 2,4-D in the signal transduction pathways.
WITHDRAWN: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Displays the Structural and Biochemical Effects of Spinal Manipulative Therapy in Lumbar Discogenic Pain: a case report
Authors: Billham Jessica F , Roland Erika Evans , Gornet Matthew F. , Brinkman Kelly , Schranck Francine , Cox Jim , Kettner Norman W.
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: We report utility of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in identifying the intervertebral disc (IVD) as a pain generator, describe the contemporary pathophysiology underlying biochemical and structural components of discogenic low back pain (DLBP), and exhibit therapeutic responses to spinal manipulation.
CLINICAL FEATURES: A 29-year old man presented with uncomplicated low back pain (LBP). The non-specific presentation and clinical exam findings were consistent with non-specific LBP with the IVD as likely pain generator.
INTERVENTION AND OUTCOMES: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging showed findings of IVD degeneration including Modic Type 1 changes consistent with a diagnosis of DLBP. MRS was utilized for structural and biochemical analysis of the IVDs. Altered spectral features confirmed a DLBP diagnosis. The patient underwent 12 Cox Flexion Distraction treatments at a chiropractic teaching clinic. Follow-up MRS revealed improved IVD spectral features including decreased biochemical pain markers and increased glycoprotein biosynthesis suggesting improved IVD structural integrity.
CONCLUSION: We report the first utilization of MRS to quantify structural integrity and biochemical pain profile of the IVD in a conservatively managed DLBP patient. Findings of this case suggest spinal manipulative therapy in DLBP management may improve the structural integrity of IVDs and alter pain biochemistry.
Copper sulfide in a vesicular basalt reveals aqueous liquid on the Moon
Authors: Liu Yang , Ma Chi , Eckley Scott
Published: April 2023

All previous reports of magmatic water on the Moon are structurally-bound OH in minerals or glasses. Here, we report the discovery of ubiquitous Cu1.4−1.8S in pristine Apollo vesicular basalt 15556. This copper sulfide forms multiple, fine-grained coatings draping over troilite grains on vesicle walls or coats fracture surfaces around troilite inside the rock. They also occur as rose-like clusters of bladed crystals of ~ 1 µm size at the edge of the coatings, or massive aggregates of < 0.5 µm small euhedral grains on top of the coatings. The draping nature of the coatings combined with unique geochemical signatures suggests copper sulfide precipitated from aqueous Cu- and S-bearing liquids. This finding demonstrates that extensive crystallization of lunar magma can generate aqueous liquids, some of which may be still stored in intrusive igneous rocks.
Regulation of LARP4 in malignant biological behavior of GBM
Authors: Wang Bo , Yao Xuan , Su Yuanping , Pan Yawen , Yuan Guoqiang
Published: April 2023

Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent form of primary brain cancer. La-related protein 4 (LARP4) is known to play a crucial role in various types of cancer. Nevertheless, the expression and function of LARP4 in GBM have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods The TCGA database was utilized to analyze the expression level of LARP4 in GBM. The relationship between LARP4 and immune infiltration levels was investigated using TIMER. Furthermore, the knockdown of LARP4 lentivirus was constructed and transfected into GBM cells to evaluate its impact on cell migration and invasion via functional assays. Results The study found that LARP4 expression in GBM was significantly higher and associated with a lower survival rate in patients with the disease. Knockdown of LARP4 inhibited cell proliferation and horizontal migration while promoting early apoptosis in GBM cells. In addition, the expression level of LARP4 also had a positive correlation with CD8 + T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in GBM. Conclusion These results suggest that LARP4 could be a potential new molecular target for glioma in a clinical setting.
Functionalization of Activated Carbon prepared from groundnut shells (Arachis hypogeae) by the treatment nitric acid: Application in the removal of tartrazine
Authors: Worldlight Betga Alex , Nigho Ntang Albert , Wilfried Mayeukeu Harding , Michelle Kuisseu , Daouda Kouotou , Nsami Ndi Julius
Published: April 2023

This work aimed at comparing the adsorption capacity of tartrate ions from aqueous solution onto functionalized activated carbon (CAF) and non-functionalized activated carbon (CA) prepared from groundnut shells. Studies of the effects of different adsorption parameters such as contact time, pH of the solution, adsorbent mass and initial concentrations was carried out. The optimum conditions of tartrazine adsorption by CA were found to be at pH 2, contact time of 10 minutes, adsorbent dose of 0.01 g and initial concentration of 10 ppm; whereas with CAF, the same conditions were respected with the exception of concentration which maximum was 50 ppm. From the results obtained, CA adsorbed better than CAF (17,72487 mg/g and11,0053 mg/g respectively). Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, D-R-K classical adsorption isotherm models were used to analyzed equilibrium data and these data best fitted to Langmuir model for CAF and CA which implies that physisorption is the limiting step. The 1/n values for both adsorbents found between 0 and 1 indicated that the adsorbents have heterogenous surfaces and adsorption is normal. The kinetic data were evaluated using the Pseudo first-order, Pseudo second-order, Intraparticle diffusion, mass transfer and Elovich models. The data were found to correlate well with pseudo second order for both CA and CAF. The low value of Kid, that is the intraparticle diffusion constant, indicated that diffusion of tartrate ions toward the active sites was low and Intraparticle diffusion constant was the rate-limiting step. The mechanism of adsorption that took place in the adsorption of tartrate ions using CA and CAF was electrostatic attraction (Since it contains pores)
Career Stressors, Extra-Organisational Stressors, Coping and Mental Well-being Among Migrant Workers in South Africa, Uganda and Kenya
Authors: Raliile Mohlomi Terah , Ejoke Ufuoma Patience , Haupt Theo C. , DuPlessis Edwin
Published: April 2023

It is inevitable that human migration involves major life changes, whereby those migrating have to adapt to new environments, new administrations, different politics, adjust to new cultural needs and become ethnic minorities in a new region and part of a new system. Typically, migrant workers because of their desperate need to find employment to support themselves financially are employed in jobs that are dangerous, dirty and difficult. This study seeks to identify the career and extra-organisational stressors and how they influence the coping strategies and the mental wellbeing of migrant workers. In this quantitative cross-sectional study, questionnaireswere distributed as part of a survey and data were conveniently collected from a sampleof migrants in three African countries, namely South Africa, Uganda and Kenya. Datawere analysed descriptively using IBM SPSS v28. Exploratory Factor Analysis wasfurther used to assess the scales developed by the authors to avoid any violation of assumptions and to identify coherent subsets of latent factors. The scales of the authors were used together with the WHO-5 Measurement Index and the prescribed scoringsystem used for assessment of subjective wellbeing. Further, R analytics using mahalonobis distance was used to test the hypothesised relationships between thevarious constructs of the study. The study found that career stressors had a positivesignificant relationship with coping, wellbeing, and common mental disorders. Extra-organisational stressors had a positive significant relationship with coping, wellbeingand common mental disorders. These findings have implication for the development ofculturally sensitive tools that will assist clinicians to improve diagnostic and psycho-therapeutical processes.
Application of ‘CDC- Public security bureau-NGO’ Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism Allied AIDS Prevention and Control in Guangxi, China
Authors: Tao Xing , Huang Yunxuan , Zheng Pingzuo , Wang Gang , Xu Yuexiang , Chen Yongfeng , Deng Benben , Chen Xiu , Qin Tongxue , Liao Yinlu , Shi Minjuan , Lu Beibei , Wu Yuting , Li Jinmiao , Ye Li , Liang Hao , Wei Fashuang , Jiang Junjun
Published: April 2023

Background
HIV/AIDS has emerged as a nationwide epidemic and has taken the forefront position as the primary infectious killer of adults in China. The control and prevention of the disease have been hampered by a weak link in the form of heterosexual transmission. However, conventional intervention measures have demonstrated suboptimal efficacy in reducing the incidence of new HIV infections. In light of the current epidemiological characteristics, we have developed and executed an innovative intervention model known as the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the ‘CDC-Public Security Bureau-NGO’. The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of this model on the AIDS awareness, HIV infection rates, sexual behavior, and associated factors among female sex workers and elderly clients. Through the provision of robust evidence of the efficacy of this innovative model, we seek to advocate for its implementation in future interventions.
Methods
An 8-year consecutive cross-sectional survey, including a 4-year traditional intervention (2014-2017) and the 4-year ‘CDC-Public Security Bureau-NGO’ innovative intervention (2018-2021), was conducted to evaluate the effects of the new intervention. Compared to the traditional intervention, the ‘CDC-Public Security Bureau-NGO’ intervention achieved positive effects by decreasing risky behaviours. The GM(1, 1) model was performed to predict the proportion of HIV infection without implementing the innovative intervention in 2018–2021; P and C values were used to evaluate the performance of the model.
Results
The most recent condom use rate among female sex workers and elderly clients has increased from 81.1% to 95.3% (P < 0.05), newly reported cases of HIV have decreased by 15.56% yearly and the HIV infection rate among middle-aged and elderly people has dropped by 19.91% yearly. The innovative intervention model has significantly reduced the HIV infection rates.
Conclusions
The ‘CDC-Public Security Bureau-NGO’ innovative intervention has achieved beneficial effects on HIV/AIDS prevention and control and provides a good reference for Guangxi, China.
Exploring the spatial-temporal distribution and push-pull factors of green exercise flow
Authors: Cai Zhenrao , Fang Chaoyang , Zheng Jiali , Zhou Linguo
Published: April 2023

Background
Green exercise flow is the process of realizing the urban ecosystems exercise cultural services, and also the process of obtaining health benefits for residents. However, compared with other types of ecosystem service flow, the research on green exercise flow (exercise culture service flow) is obviously insufficient. Therefore, this research aims to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics and potential push and pull factors of green exercise flow.
Methods
Understand the temporal characteristics of green exercise flow and summarize its peak pattern based on the trajectory attribute data of a mobile exercise recording application. We used the application's check-in data to characterize spatial characteristics of green exercise flow, and analyzed the relationship between push and pull factors and green exercise flow by correlation analysis and multiple linear regression model.
Results
(1) Green exercise flow exists spatial differentiation from urban center to suburb. (2) There are different peak patterns in green spaces, genders, and exercise types. (3) The length of the main exercise route, the number of park entrances, and the total population have the largest positive correlation with the flow. The correlation between landscape shape index, road density and green exercise flow was not significant. (4) the length of the main path and the number of entrances are the main pulling forces of green exercise flow, and the number of population is the most influential pushing factor.
Conclusions
Green exercise flow has internal differences in time and space, and also varies with demographic characteristics and exercise types. It is necessary to pay attention to the comprehensive push and pull factors for green exercise flow, and green exercise should be promoted jointly from the perspectives of green space, traffic corridor and community.
Targeting pro-survival autophagy enhanced GSK-3β inhibition-induced apoptosis and retarded proliferation in bladder cancer cells
Authors: Shirono Yuko , Bilim Vladimir , Anraku Tsutomu , Kuroki Hiroo , Kazama Akira , Murata Masaki , Hiruma Kaede , Tomita Yoshihiko
Published: April 2023

Advanced bladder cancer (BC) (local invasive and/or metastatic) is not curable even with cytotoxic chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted treatment. Targeting GSK-3β is a promising novel approach in advanced BC. The induction of autophagy is a mechanism of secondary resistance to various anticancer treatments. Our objectives were to investigate the synergistic effects of GSK-3β in combination with autophagy inhibitors to evade GSK-3β drug resistance. Small molecule GSK-3β inhibitors and GSK-3β knockdown using siRNA promoted the expression of autophagy-related proteins. We further investigated that GSK-3β inhibition induced the nucleus translocation of transcription factor EB(TFEB). Compared to the GSK-3β inhibition alone, its combination with chloroquine (an autophagy inhibitor) significantly reduced BC cell growth. These results provide that targeting autophagy potentiates GSK-3β inhibition-induced apoptosis and retarded proliferation in BC cells.
Short-Term Side Effects Raises Following Covid-19 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Ibrahim Sahar Ahmed Mohamed , Mohamed Montaha Mohamed Ibrahim , Alhussin Esraa Mohammed , Hassan Amel Ahmed , Al-Qudimat Ahmad R.
Published: April 2023

BackgroundVaccination against Covid-19 reduces the risk of getting an infection and provides strong protection against serious illnesses and death combined with existing prevention measures, this study aimed to determine short-term side effects that a raised after the Covid-19 vaccine was received.MethodologyA descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study included 100 Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in Sob University Hospital. Data was collected using a structured interview questionnaire and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences.ResultsAmong 100 participants near to half (42%) were in the age group of (20 – 30) years and above two thirds (61%) of the study were female and 31% were registered nurses. Most of them 91% received the AstraZeneca vaccine. This current study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the onsets of symptoms with a type of vaccine (AstraZeneca) with a p-value of 0.001. In addition to a statistically significant relationship between muscular pain, fever, Itching as a side effect, and AstraZeneca) with p value less than 0, 05.ConclusionThe study concluded that most of those who took the vaccination of Covid-19 experienced short-term side effects including chills, fever, muscle pain, and headache after receiving the vaccine after each dose but they did not develop diarrhea.
New predictive models and indices for screening MAFLD in school-aged overweight/obese children
Authors: Xing Yunfei , Zhang PingPing , Li Xueying , Jin Shifeng , Xu Miao , Jia Jinzhu , Wang Hai-Jun , Li Li , Wang Hui
Published: April 2023

Aims & Background:
Currently, most predictions of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in school-aged children utilize indicators that usually predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to develop new predictive models and predictors for children with MAFLD, which could enhance the feasibility of MAFLD screening programs in the future.
Methods
A total of 331 school-aged obese/overweight children were recruited from six primary schools in Ningbo city, China. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were detected with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), respectively. Machine learning methods to build a set of variables to predict MAFLD in children. Then, the areas under the curve (AUC) of multiple models were compared to predict pediatric MAFLD.
Results
Compared with non-MAFLD children, children with MAFLD had more obvious metabolic abnormalities as they had higher anthropometric indicators, alanine aminotransferase, fasting plasma glucose, and higher inflammation indicators (white blood cell count, hemoglobin, neutrophil) (all P < 0.05). The optimal variables for total subjects calculated by random forest (RF) were alanine aminotransferase, uric acid, insulin and BMI. RF performed best among the four models constructed to predict MAFLD in children, with an AUC value of 0.703. LnAI-WHR, LnAI and LnAL-WHtR were satisfactory indices for predicting pediatric MAFLD in all participants, boys and girls individually.
Conclusions
This study developed a RF model and sex-specific indices for predicting MAFLD in overweight/obese children that may be useful for widespread screening and identification of children at high risk of MAFLD for early treatment.
Assessment of clinical competence of graduating medical students in Ethiopia
Authors: Dejene Daniel , Ayalew Firew , Yigzaw Tegbar , Woretaw Alemseged , Versluis Marco , Stekelenburg Jelle
Published: April 2023

Background: Ethiopia scaled up medical education to improve access to healthcare which presented challenges in maintaining training quality. We conducted a study aiming to assess the clinical competence of graduating medical students and the associated factors.
Methods and materials: A pretest assessment of a quasi-experimental study was conducted in 10 medical schools with a sample size of 240 students. We randomly selected 24 students per school. Clinical competence was assessed in a 12-station OSCE. The clinical learning environment (CLE), simulation training, and practice exposure were self-rated. Using the SPSS v. 27, mean scores for clinical competence, and satisfaction on CLE and simulation training were calculated. Proportions of students with practice exposure, and who agreed on CLE and simulation items were done. Independent test tests were used to see competence differences among subgroups. Bivariate and multiple linear regression models were fitted for the outcome variable: competence score. A 95% statistical confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 were used for making statistical decisions.
Results: The mean clinical competence score was 72%. Students scored lower in performing MVA (62 %), LP (64%), and childbirth (66%) tasks. Female students (73%) were had significantly higher score than males (70%). Higher CGPA, positive appraisal of CLE, and conducting more procedures were associated with competence development. Only a little more than 50% of the participants were satisfied with the number of students during practice sessions and the assessment in clinical teaching. About two-thirds of the respondents were not satisfied with the sufficiency of models and equipment, and the provision of feedback. More than one-tenth of them never performed LP, MVA, normal delivery, and venipuncture procedures.
Conclusions Medical students had an acceptable clinical competence. Better CLE, CGPA, and practice exposure are associated with higher scores. Strengthening clinical practice and simulation training is needed at schools. CPD and mentoring should be considered to fill the skills gaps of the new graduates.
Continuous glucose monitoring indicators according to heterogeneity of prediabetes: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Authors: Choi In Young , Jang Jiwon , Chang Yoosoo
Published: April 2023

Introduction: A prediabetes diagnosis is based on composite criteria, although the heterogeneity among the prediabetes diagnostic criteria is not fully understood. We investigated the different characteristics of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) indicators in prediabetes defined by different diagnostic criteria.
Methods: We included 969 participants without diabetes from the Kangbuk Samsung Total Healthcare Center who underwent CGM as part of a comprehensive health examination from January–December 2021. The participants were categorized into following four groups: healthy, isolated glucose prediabetes, isolated HbA1c prediabetes, and prediabetes meeting the respective criteria (fasting blood glucose [FBG] and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] levels of < 100 mg/dL and < 5.7%; 100–125 mg/dL and < 5.7%; < 100 mg/dL and 5.7─6.4%, respectively). CGM metrics were measured using a glucose monitor.
Results: Themean FBG levels of the isolated glucose prediabetes, isolated HbA1c prediabetes, and prediabetes meeting both the FBG and HbA1c criteria groups were 105.0 ± 4.7, 93.4 ± 4.6, and 107.9 ± 6.4, respectively; the corresponding HbA1c levels were 5.5 ± 0.1, 5.8 ± 0.1, and 5.9 ± 0.2, respectively. The mean glucose levels were 106.1 ± 10.0, 105.0 ± 10.8, and 111.9 ± 10.6, respectively; the mean numbers of glucose management indicators (GMIs) were 5.8 ± 0.2, 5.8 ± 0.3, and 6.0 ± 0.3, respectively.
Conclusion: Between the isolated glucose and HbA1c prediabetes groups, the differences in mean blood glucose and GMIs measured by CGM were attenuated compared with FBG and HbA1c levels. These results may help to better our understanding of prediabetes pathophysiology.
Water induced surface erosion risk assessment in Jumar agricultural watershed, Jharkhand, India using multivariate statistics and GIS
Authors: PANDEY SOUMYA , Kumari Neeta
Published: April 2023

The state of Jharkhand suffers immensely from water-induced surface erosion causing loss of socio-economic Jumar watershed of Ranchi district, Jharkhand was selected for a study period of 2020 and 2021 to analyse climate change, seasonal change in quality of water and soil resources, hydro-geomorphometry and land cover land use (LULC) using GIS and multivariate statistics. The water quality analysis revealed the presence of higher content of presence of metals such as Ca, Mg, K, and Na, higher alkalinity, TDS, and turbidity in monsoon and post-monsoon months of 2021. The soil quality analysis showed that the region has excessive carbonate salts with dominant presence of metal such as calcium, magnesium and sodium, disturbing the soil structure and lowering its infiltration capacity, promoting nutrient deficiencies, and leading to possible metal contamination in few years. Lack of vegetation covers adds to surface erosion under high intensity rainfall (1685-2083mm). The correlation analysis was done seasonally for both soil and water quality revealing the strong influence of metal ions with pH, alkalinity, salinity, and TDS, showing a prominent silicate weathering and ion exchange process indicating prominent surface erosion in watershed. The PCA on water and soil quality data showed that salinity, TDS, Alkalinity, Hardness and EC are the principal components. The morphometric study showed that the Jumar watershed has rolling and slightly undulating terrain, with mild slope and dendritic stream pattern of 4th order stream. Low basin relief and drainage density, compactness constant (0.00192), Ruggedness number (0.0609), and basin relief ratio (0.00552) indicated the dominance of low stream orders (1st ) in the area pointing to low potential energy in surface flow. The hydrological indices indicated that the watershed is low risk of gully formation in lowlands. Through the application of other GIS based rainfall, LULC and spectral indices (NDMI, MSI, SAVI and BSI) it was found that there has been a huge increase in urbanization, barren land, sparse vegetation cover, and immense water stress especially in summer and winter season of 2020 and 2021 in the watershed. The Lack of water conservation and traditional agriculture using agrochemicals is very prominent in the watershed, hence an immediate need for water and soil quality management is required.
Analysis of immunomodulation to intestinal inflammatory injury in chickens caused by Clostridium perfringens C57-1 infection
Authors: Khan Mohammad Zeb , Zhang Hailin , Zhang Huijun , Zhao Haiyuan , Li Jiaxuan , Shao Yilan , Shan Zhifu , Wang Li , Zhou Han , Jiang Yanping , Cui Wen , Qiao Xinyuan , Li Yijing , Tang Lijie , Wang Xiaona
Published: April 2023

By releasing a variety of toxins and invasive enzymes, Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) attached to the intestinal epithelium triggers receptors on intestinal target cells and activates intracellular signalling pathways, resulting in intestinal inflammation and immunological responses. We developed a model of experimental induction of necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens in order to investigate the intestinal immunomodulatory to inflammatory damage caused by C. perfringenstype A C57-1 infection. Growth rate and feed intake of the challenged chickens reduced, and the intestinal mucosa had varying degrees of injury and necrosis along with widespread inflammatory infiltration. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly reduced in the challenged intestine compared to the control, while the level of Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, and Erysipelotrichalesincreased. The activity of the β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase enzymes in the challenged chickens was also significantly higher. The Th17/Treg balance in the gut was upset, and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-1β and IL-13 also elevated dramatically, which together synergistically induced inflammation. As the inflammation intensified, TGF-4 and IL-2 levels in the gut of the challenge group fell at first and then moderately recovered in comparison to the control group. Immunomodulated by Th2 and Th17 immunity, the challenged chickens were able to produce specific IgY against C. perfringens C57-1, thus exerting limited anti-inflammatory effects. From the standpoint of immunological prevention, this study established a theoretical foundation for C. perfringens infection.
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring as an Added Safety Measure to Prevent Iatrogenic Injury in Chiari I Malformation Surgery
Authors: Sweeney Jared F. , Holdaway Matthew , Bandlamuri Sruti , Adamo Matthew A.
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE
To assess the surgical utility of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) as a safety measure to ensure safe operative conditions in Chiari I malformation patients undergoing FMD.
METHODS
This represents a retrospective cohort study examining symptomatic Chiari I malformation patients at one tertiary care center that underwent FMD using IONM between January 2017 and 2022. Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), motor evoked potentials (MEP), and electromyography (EMG) were utilized in all cases. Patients with and without IONM changes were directly compared. Linear regression analysis was completed to identify variables predictive of IONM changes.
RESULTS
Forty-eight patients met inclusion criteria, with ages ranging from 1 to 52 years (mean 15 years). The incidence of co-existing syringomyelia was 40% (n = 19), scoliosis 15% (n = 7), and tethered cord 0%. Four patients (8%) experienced IONM changes intraoperatively, all manifesting as decreases in MEPs. These were corrected by increasing mean arterial pressure (n = 1) or patient and head and neck repositioning (n = 3). Scoliosis predicted IONM changes (Beta 0.30, p = 0.04). Absence of syringomyelia trended towards predicting against IONM changes, however this did not reach significance (Beta − 0.24, p = 0.09).
CONCLUSION
IONM may be a useful tool to help facilitate safe FMD in Chiari I malformation patients. While this represents a single center experience with a small patient sample size, our data suggests that the utilization of IONM as a safety measure to prevent iatrogenic temporary or permanent neurologic deficit may be beneficial and warrants further study.