bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibration coupling characteristics and grinding force control of an elastic component grinding system
Authors: Liu Yufei , Wu Lang , Lu En , Ju Jinyong
Published: February 2024

Abstract. A system's dynamic behavior and vibration mechanism during interaction with a workpiece are the key factors for the stability control of the robotic grinding operation. This paper investigates the vibration coupling effect and grinding force control of the elastic component grinding system (ECGS), which is a multi-dimensional coupling system conveying a dynamic interaction between the elastic component and the grinding device during the grinding process. An elastic constraint model with equivalent stiffness is constructed to describe the dynamic disturbance effect of the elastic vibration of the elastic component. Then, the rigid–flexible coupling dynamic model of the ECGS is established. And the elastic vibration behavior of the elastic component and the grinding force fluctuation characteristics under the vibration coupling are analyzed for revealing the coupling relationship between the elastic vibration and the grinding force. Finally, through the pneumatic servo control, the grinding force adaptive controller is designed to realize the compensation control of the grinding force under the vibration coupling of the elastic component. The effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by the virtual prototype co-simulation experiment and the real prototype experiment.
Seismogenic depth and seismic coupling estimation in the transition zone between Alps, Dinarides and Pannonian Basin for the new Slovenian seismic hazard model
Authors: Zupančič Polona , Šket Motnikar Barbara , Carafa Michele M. C. , Jamšek Rupnik Petra , Živčić Mladen , Kastelic Vanja , Rajh Gregor , Čarman Martina , Atanackov Jure , Gosar Andrej
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Seismogenic depth and seismic coupling are important inputs into seismic hazard estimates. Although the importance of seismic coupling is often overlooked, it significantly impacts seismic hazard results. We present an estimation of upper and lower seismogenic depth and expected hypocentral depth and seismic coupling in the transition zone between the Alps, Dinarides and Pannonian Basin, characterized by a complex deformation pattern, highly variable crustal thickness, and moderate seismic hazard, supporting the development of the 2021 seismic hazard model of Slovenia. The hazard model was based on three seismic source models: area source model, fault source model and smoothed seismicity (point) source model. We estimated the lower seismogenic depth using seismological and geological data and compared them. The seismological estimate was based on two regional earthquake catalogues prepared for this study. In the area source model, estimates of lower seismogenic depth from seismological data are deeper or equal to the ones derived from geological data, except in one case. In the fault source model, we analysed each fault individually and chose seismological lower depth estimates in 12 among 89 faults as more representative. The seismogenic thickness for each individual fault source was determined for seismic coupling determination. The seismic coupling was assessed by two approaches, i.e. we chose the most trusted value from the literature, and the value determined for each fault individually by using the approach based on the updated regional fault and earthquake data sets. The final estimate of seismic coupling ranges from 0.77 to 0.38. We compared the tectonic moment rate based on long-term slip rate using different values of seismic coupling with the seismic moment rate obtained from the earthquake catalogue. The analysis is done for the whole area, as well as for the individual area zones. The analysis of N–S components of estimated slip for the largest faults in the area of west Slovenia shows that the regional geological and geodetic shortening rates are comparable. The total activity rate of three global seismic source models is compared, which gives up to a 10 % difference. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the seismic activity in the region. The presented approach for seismic coupling estimation can be applied in cases where the total slip rate is given instead of its seismic part and can be used at regional or national level. The approach is also suitable for the cross-border harmonization of the European seismic hazard modelling data.
Brief communication: Recent estimates of glacier mass loss for western North America from laser altimetry
Authors: Menounos Brian , Gardner Alex , Florentine Caitlyn , Fountain Andrew
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Glaciers in western North American outside of Alaska are often overlooked in global studies because their potential to contribute to changes in sea level is small. Nonetheless, these glaciers represent important sources of freshwater, especially during times of drought. Differencing recent ICESat-2 data from a digital elevation model derived from a combination of synthetic aperture radar data (TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X), we find that over the period 2013–2020, glaciers in western North America lost mass at a rate of -12.3±3.5 Gt yr−1. This rate is comparable to the rate of mass loss (-11.7±1.0 Gt yr−1) for the period 2018–2022 calculated through trend analysis using ICESat-2 and Global Ecosystems Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) data.
Extent, duration and timing of the sea ice cover in Hornsund, Svalbard, from 2014–2023
Authors: Swirad Zuzanna M. , Johansson A. Malin , Malnes Eirik
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The Sentinel-1A/B synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery archive between 14 October 2014 and 29 June 2023 was used in combination with a segmentation algorithm to create a series of binary ice/open-water maps of Hornsund fjord, Svalbard, at 50 m resolution for nine seasons (2014/15 to 2022/23). The near-daily (1.57 d mean temporal resolution) maps were used to calculate sea ice coverage for the entire fjord and its parts, namely the main basin and three major bays: Burgerbukta, Brepollen and Samarinvågen. The average length of the sea ice season was 158 d (range: 105–246 d). Drift ice first arrived from the southwest between October and March, and the fast-ice onset was on average 24 d later. The fast ice typically disappeared in June, around 20 d after the last day with drift ice. The average sea ice coverage over the sea ice season was 41 % (range: 23 %–56 %), but it was lower in the main basin (27 %) compared to in the bays (63 %). Of the bays, Samarinvågen had the highest sea ice coverage (69 %), likely due to its narrow opening and its location in southern Hornsund protecting it from the incoming wind-generated waves. Seasonally, the highest sea ice coverage was observed in April for the entire fjord and the bays and in March for the main basin. The 2014/15, 2019/20 and 2021/22 seasons were characterised by the highest sea ice coverage, and these were also the seasons with the largest number of negative air temperature days in October–December. The 2019/20 season was characterised by the lowest mean daily and monthly air temperatures. We observed a remarkable interannual variability in the sea ice coverage, but on a nine-season scale we did not record any gradual trend of decreasing sea ice coverage. These high-resolution data can be used to, e.g. better understand the spatiotemporal trends in the sea ice distribution in Hornsund, facilitate comparison between Svalbard fjords, and improve modelling of nearshore wind wave transformation and coastal erosion.
Multi-decadal pacemaker simulations with an intermediate-complexity climate model
Authors: Molteni Franco , Kucharski Fred , Farneti Riccardo
Published: February 2024

Abstract. In this paper, we first describe the main features of a new version of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics global atmospheric model (SPEEDY) with improved simulation of surface fluxes and the formulation of a three-layer thermodynamic ocean model (TOM3) suitable to explore the coupled extratropical response to tropical ocean variability. Then, we present results on the atmospheric model climatology, highlighting the impact of the modifications introduced in the model code, and show how important features of interdecadal and interannual variability are simulated in a “pacemaker” coupled ensemble of 70-year runs, where portions of the tropical Indo-Pacific are constrained to follow the observed variability. Despite the very basic representation of variations in greenhouse forcing and heat transport to the deep ocean (below the 300 m domain of the TOM3 model), the coupled ensemble reproduces the variations in surface temperature over land and sea with very good accuracy, confirming the role of the Indo-Pacific as a “pacemaker” for the natural fluctuations of global-mean surface temperatures found in earlier studies. Atmospheric zonal-mean temperature trends over 50 years are also realistically simulated in the extratropical lower troposphere and up to 100 hPa in the tropics. On the interannual scale, sea-surface temperature (SST) variability in sub-tropical and tropical regions not affected by SST relaxation is underestimated (mostly because of the absence of dynamically induced variability), while extratropical SST variability during the cold seasons is comparable to that observed. Atmospheric teleconnection patterns and their connections with SST are reproduced with high fidelity, although with local differences in the amplitude of regional features (such as a larger-than-observed response of extratropical SST to North Atlantic Oscillation variability). The SPEEDY-TOM3 model also reproduces the observed connection between averages of surface heat fluxes over the oceans and land surface air temperature in the wintertime northern extratropics. Overall, as in earlier versions of SPEEDY, the fidelity of the simulations (both in terms of climatological means and variability) is higher near the surface and in the lower troposphere, while the negative impacts of the coarse vertical resolution and simplified parameterizations are mostly felt in the stratosphere. However, the improved simulation of surface heat fluxes and their impact on extratropical SST variability in this model version (obtained at a very modest computational cost) make the SPEEDY-TOM3 model a suitable tool to investigate the coupled response of the extratropical circulation to interannual and inter-decadal changes of tropical SST in ensemble experiments.
The Effects of Wind Farm Wakes on Freezing Sea Spray in the Mid-Atlantic Offshore Wind Energy Areas
Authors: Rosencrans David , Lundquist Julie K. , Optis Mike , Bodini Nicola
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The U.S. is expanding its wind energy fleet offshore where winds tend to be strong and consistent. In the mid-Atlantic, strong winds, which promote heat transfer and wind-generated sea spray, paired with cold temperatures can cause ice on equipment when plentiful moisture is available. Near-surface icing is induced by a moisture flux from sea spray, which poses a risk to vessels and crews. Ice accretion aloft occurs when liquid precipitation is present and can reduce turbine blade performance and introduce extra load and fatigue on the turbine. Thus, it is crucial to understand the icing hazard across the mid-Atlantic. We analyze Weather Research and Forecasting model numerical weather prediction simulations at coarse temporal resolution over a 20-year period to assess freezing events over the long-term record and at finer granularity over the 2019–2020 winter season to identify the post-construction turbine impacts. Over the 2019–2020 winter season, results suggest that sea-spray–induced icing can occur up to 66 hours per month at 10 m at higher latitudes. Freezing events during this season typically occur during cold air outbreaks, which are the introduction of cold continental air over the warmer maritime surface and last a total duration of 253 hours. Over the 20-year period, all cold air outbreak events coincide with freezing conditions, although not all freezing events are cold enough to signify a cold air outbreak. Further, we assess the impacts of wind plant installation on icing using the fine-scale simulation data set. Wakes from large wind plants reduce the wind speed, which mitigates the chance for freezing. Conversely, the near-surface turbine-induced introduction of cold air in frequent wintertime unstable conditions enhances the risk for freezing. Overall, the turbine–atmosphere interaction causes a net mitigation of freezing hours within the wind plant areas, with a reduction up to 17 hours at 20 m in January 2020.
Fatores de risco para nefropatia induzida por contraste na tomografia computadorizada: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Liniker Scolfild Rodrigues da , Lima Camilla Guadallupe de Oliveira , Silva Rita de Cássia Lira da , Modesto Brenna Cavalcanti Maciel , Pereira Emanuela Batista Ferreira e
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco associados à nefropatia induzida por contraste em pacientes submetidos à tomografia computadorizada. Método: revisão integrativa. O recorte temporal foi realizado no período de 2019 a 2023, sendo incluídas publicações nos idiomas português e inglês. Constituíram-se locais de busca as bases MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, WOS, Scopus, e a biblioteca SciELO, sendo utilizado o método PRISMA para seleção dos artigos. Os descritores utilizados foram: “Enfermagem”, “Enfermagem em Nefrologia”, “Fatores de Risco”, “Meios de Contraste” e “Nefropatias", oito atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: diante da alta prevalência desses agravos e da gravidade de suas consequências, conhecer os fatores de risco para o seu desenvolvimento possibilitará que seja verificada nos artigos a incidência de nefropatia induzida. Os principais fatores de risco foram: idoso, insuficiência cardíaca, sexo feminino, hipertensão, diabetes, anti-inflamatórios não esteroides, taxa de filtração glomerular. Conclusão: com base na revisão realizada, os principais fatores de risco identificados foram: idade avançada, sexo feminino, pré-existência de comorbidades, tais como hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus, uso de medicações para tais comorbidades e outras como os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais e antibióticos, uma menor taxa de filtração glomerular e aumento da taxa de creatinina sérica.
Fatores associados aos óbitos por sepse precoce e tardia em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Authors: Brito Lívia Karoline Torres , Freitas Lucas Lemos , Ciarlini Nerci de Sá Cavalcante , Araújo Adriana Rocha , Maia Elaine Meireles Castro , Nobre Keline Soraya Santana
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados aos óbitos por sepse precoce e tardia em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal no Ceará, Brasil. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, documental, realizado entre 2019 e 2021. Dados extraídos das fichas de investigação de óbito infantil e de infecção hospitalar. Estudo aprovado por comitê de ética e pesquisa. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes eram filhos de mães adultas (77–64,8%), multigestas (71–59,7%), acometidas por hipertensão arterial (49–41,1%) e infecção do trato urinário (43–36,1%), nascidos de parto cesariano (77–64,8%), idade gestacional ao nascimento menor que 30 semanas (78–65,5%), com peso ao nascimento (72–60,5%) e no dia do óbito (60–50,4%) menores que 1.000 gramas. As causas associadas aos óbitos foram prematuridade (73–63,0%), choque séptico (57–47,9%), sepse precoce (11–9,2%) e tardia (17–14,3%). Conclusão: houve a necessidade de identificação do tipo de sepse durante o preenchimento da declaração de óbito para viabilizar a verificação da origem da contaminação que gerou a sepse, se precoce (origem não hospitalar) ou tardia (origem hospitalar), para melhor alocação dos recursos financeiros e assistenciais no nível adequado de atenção à saúde, de modo a reduzir os desfechos de óbito por sepse.
NATIONAL CODE IN THE KAZAKH LINGUISTIC CULTURE
Authors:   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Rebublic of Kazakhstan, Kurmangali F.T. , Mamayeva G.B. ,   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Rebublic of Kazakhstan, Sirin H. ,   Ege University, 35040 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
Published: February 2024

В условиях создания независимого и сильного государства с очень серьезным экономическим, культурным и политическим потенциалом развития Казахстан представляет собой очень интересный, но слабо и крайне поверхностно изученный объект с точки зрения западного обозревателя в части мировой культуры, лингвистики, этнологии, религиоведения, философии и других наук как гуманитарного, так и естественного направления. Цель данной работы – частично описать процессы, которые присущи тому, что можно назвать термином «национальный код» в дискурсе казахской национальной языковой культуры. В работе использован методи аналогии, поскольку процессы духовного возрождения Казахстана рассматривались в мировом контексте, также в процессе написания работы использованы теоретические методы научного познания. С помощью синтеза собранный для статьи материал соединен в последовательную систему для обсуждения. Посредством анализа выделялись различные признаки, свойства и отношения между объектами исследования с целью их всестороннего изучения. Использован метод абстрагирования для выделения более конкретных целей. На финальном этапе исследования методы описания и обобщения помогли установить общие свойства и признаки объектов изучения на основе собранного материала. В результате написания статьи частично изучены и описаны процессы духовного возрождения казахского «национального кода» сквозь призму языковой культуры. Объективные условия демографической и историко-политической реальности, склоняют к выводу о провоцировании все более серьезных дискуссий касательно пути и вида духовного и этнокультурного, казахского возрождения, его национального кода и тех консенсусных рамок, в которых будет осуществляться данный процесс. Резюмируя вышесказанное, по результатам исследований, делаем вывод, что необходимо продолжить мониторинг исследования касательно изменений казахского социума в новых обстоятельствах и новом этапе его развития.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL CREDO OF CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE FICTION
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shkurov Ye.V.
Published: February 2024

The paper delves into an analysis of how humanity is portrayed within the expansive realm of science fiction. Recognizing the genre's unparalleled ability for world-building, the study examines science fiction as a cultural artifact that mirrors societal values, fears, and aspirations. It investigates how the genre adapts by analytically modeling shifts in human viewpoints in alignment with scientific theories and technological progress. Within the landscape of science fiction literature, the human subject takes on a complex role, serving as a vessel for cultural, ethical, and ontological exploration. Through narrative and speculative frameworks, the genre probes the transformative forces affecting human experience and physiology, while consistently emphasizing the enduring essence of humanity. The paper meticulously explores the role of the human subject in science fiction, outlining how the genre provides a nuanced investigation set against a backdrop of scientific and socio-cultural evolution. It contends that although science fiction stretches the limits of human experience, it invariably maintains a fundamental core of humanity, aligning itself with the broader objectives of anthropological study. Contemporary science fiction thus serves not only as a lens for scrutinizing the anxieties and hopes about humanity's future but also as a platform for speculative inquiry into the very nature of human existence.
The anatomical location of the great saphenous vein at the thigh and ankle: a neonatal cadaver study
Authors:   Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, van Tonder Daniël J. ,   Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Prinshof Campus, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Kathrada Ahmad ,   Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Lokhandwala Adnan ,   Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, van Niekerk Martin L. ,   Department of Paediatric Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa, van Schoor Albert ,   Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Prinshof Campus, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Published: February 2024

Providing critically ill neonatal patients with parenteral nutrition, medication, fluids, and access to blood sampling is essential in intensive care units. One option for blood sampling is the great saphenous vein within the proximal thigh, and near the medial malleolus in neonates via ‘conventional’ landmark and ultrasound techniques. Practitioners in many countries still use the traditional landmark approach to locate the great saphenous vein in neonates, regardless of access to ultrasound. We aim to provide measurements that accurately describe the anatomy of the great saphenous vein in neonates to aid in cannulation success. The great saphenous vein was exposed in the proximal thigh and near the medial malleolus by reflecting the skin in 31 and 30 formalin-fixed neonate cadavers, respectively. Pins were placed at essential bony landmarks and soft tissue structures. The termination of the great saphenous vein within the proximal thigh can be located 6.8 ± 1.5 mm inferior to the inguinal ligament. The average shortest distance from the medial malleolus to the great saphenous vein was 4.3 mm, 2.0 mm anterior, and 3.1 mm superiorly. The diameter of the great saphenous vein in the proximal thigh and at the medial malleolus ranged between 1.4 mm and 1.6 mm, and 0.9 mm and 1.1 mm, respectively with a 95% confidence level. Our results provide a more accurate description to gain venous access through the great saphenous vein. However, if available, ultrasound should be used to locate and confirm the diameter of the great saphenous vein in the lower limb.
Anatomical variant of the azygos vein course in a cancer patient and review of the literature
Authors:   Medical Oncology Service, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain, Doello Kevin ,   Instituto Biosanitario de Granada, (ibs.Granada), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada 18012, Spain, Quiñonero Francisco ,   Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada 18100, Spain; Instituto Biosanitario de Granada, (ibs.Granada), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada 18012, Spain, Perazzoli Gloria ,   Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada 18100, Spain; Instituto Biosanitario de Granada, (ibs.Granada), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada 18012, Spain, Prados Jose ,   Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada 18100, Spain; Instituto Biosanitario de Granada, (ibs.Granada), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada 18012, Spain, Mesas Cristina
Published: February 2024

The azygos vein is responsible for drainage through a staff of venous blood from the chest wall for the most part. Sometimes its course causes the independence of part of the lung parenchyma, which is known as the accessory lobe of the azygos. The present article presents the casual radiological finding of this anatomical variant in a 70-year-old patient undergoing a computed tomography scan for colon cancer. The azygos accessory lobe is a mostly asymptomatic anatomical variation, but it can be a problem in some thoracic surgeries.
Position of the mandibular foramen in relation to the occlusal plane in children with skeletal class malocclusion
Authors:   Giresun University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, 28200 Turkey, Keskin Arif , Çiçekcibaşi Aynur Emine ,   Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, 42090 Turkey, Açar Gülay ,   Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, 42090 Turkey, Mağat Güldane ,   Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, 42090 Turkey
Published: February 2024

Frequently, practitioners use the inferior alveolar nerve block in the procedures desired on the teeth in the mandible and the surrounding tissues. This study aimed to reveal the position of the mandibular foramen (MF) according to the malocclusion types on panoramic radiographs of children aged 9-18 years living with malocclusion in Turkey. Panoramic and cephalometric radiographs of 330 patients between 9 and 18 years old were analyzed retrospectively. We grouped the skeletal malocclusion types as Class 1, 2, and Class 3 based on lateral cephalometric radiographs and evaluated the location of MF in malocclusion types according to age and gender. We observed that the distances to the occlusal plane, posterior edge, and gonion point increased with age while the distance to the anterior edge decreased. There was a significant difference according to age and gender in all malocclusion types (p<0.05). We determined that the MF was positioned upward parallel to the increase in age and approached the midpoint of the ramus of the mandible from the posterior. The fact that MF is placed higher than the occlusal plane in Class 3 malocclusions compared to other types and differs by gender will guide clinicians in providing effective and safe inferior alveolar nerve block in pediatric malocclusions.
Gross morpho-biometry, histometry and immunohistochemical investigations of pituitary gland in the juvenile and adult male African giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus)
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Gilbert Taidinda T. , Olopade Funmilayo E. ,   Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Fatola Olanrewaju I. ,   Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Folarin Rachael O. ,   Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Obasa Adedunsola A. ,   Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Olopade James O. ,   Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: February 2024

This work was designed to investigate the morphometry and immunohistochemical features of pituitary glands in the African Giant Rats (AGR). Adult and juvenile AGR were sacrificed and their brains harvested, and the pituitary glands were carefully dissected. The weight, length and width of brains and pituitary glands were subsequently measured. Sections were prepared and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Cresyl-violet and periodic-acid-Schiff (PAS) for histological analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out with Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein (GFAP) and Ionized-Calcium-Binding-Adapter-Molecule 1 (Iba1). Grossly, the AGR pituitary gland is a somehow laterally extended, saddle-shaped organ that is dorso-ventrally flattened. The gray-coloured adenohypophysis (anterior-pituitary lobe) was bigger in size than the whitish neurohypophysis (posterior-pituitary lobe) on physical examination. Histometrically, the adenohypophyseal length was noticeably greater than that of neurohypophysis in both juvenile and adult. Similarly, the adenohypophyseal and neurohypophyseal width in adult were found to be more than that of juvenile. Also, the histological staining of the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis were distinct. In the neurohypophysis, fibrous and protoplasmic pituicytes were observed among fibres and Herring-bodies. Chromophils and chromophobes were identified in the adenohypophysis and melanotrophs in the intermediate lobe. Immunohistochemistry showed pituicytes in the neurohypophysis, which was positive with GFAP-antibody. With Iba1-antibody, the neurohypophysis expressed a stronger positive immunolabelling to microglia as compared to macrophages in the adenohypophysis. In conclusion, the gross and microscopic characteristics of pituitary glands of the AGR are found to be similar to other rodents and mammals. We recommend further study to compare morphometrical parameters between male and females of this model.
Aberrant right subclavian artery: its clinical importance in thoracic surgery
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Arisawa Kenjiro , Takeda Sén ,   Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine
Published: February 2024

Anomalies of the aortic arch include various variations. Aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is one of the most common variations in this region, with an incidence of approximately 1% of all population. For this reason, ARSA is accidentally encountered during clinical settings. In 2019, we encountered a case of ARSA during a human cadaver dissection course for medical students at Teikyo University. This cadaver did not have a Kommerell’s diverticulum, which is often accompanied in ARSA. While the present case is a vascular anomaly, it has a clinical relevance because of its topographical nature juxtaposed to the trachea and esophagus.
Protection of the Environment during War in Islamic Law Literature
Authors: NARGÜL Veysel NARGÜL
Published: February 2024

Human-centered environment issue is a phenomenon in the agenda as old as human history. In the earlier periods, it was not regarded as a common problem because environmental damage was not at a level that will negatively affect the ecosystem and living beings. In the modern period, especially after the industrial revolution, some solutions have been developed in national and international level after taking into consideration the damage of the environmental problems to animals and ecosystem on a global scale. Even though countries that were experiencing the problem on a national scale made some work on the issue, at the international level the problem has been brought to the agenda for the first time at the 1972 Stockholm Declaration in order to protect the environment. The Qur'an does not approve any illegitimate war against a state or a community. It is not recorded any war against a community by Prophet Muhammad without a legitimate reason. Islamic law proposes maximum legality and morality during a legitimate war. It is also seen that this Islamic perspective is grasped in terms of protecting the environment. When analyzing the opinion of jurists of the Islamic Law, it is seen that unnecessary destruction of the environmental values such as houses, trees and green spaces is prohibited, as a basic principle. Starting from this principle, the views of Islamic jurists about the provisions regarding damaging environmental factors such as trees, building, and green areas are limited on if there is military necessity. Thus, damage to the environment during the war is valid only for purposes of creating shield. The legitimacy of this requirement is also limited to not demolish unnecessarily. Keywords: Islamic Law, Law, War, Environment, Environmental Protection.
Detrusor Overactivity After Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction Is Associated With High Urinary Adenosine Triphosphate Levels in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Vale Luís , Cruz Francisco , Charrua Ana
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) commonly causes detrusor overactivity (DO). In this study, a post hoc analysis of previous obtained data, we investigate if DO occurring in initial phases of BOO is associated with changes in urinary adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels.Methods: Adult female Wistar rats were submitted to partial BOO (pBOO) or to sham obstruction. Cystometry was performed at 3 or 15 days after pBOO and saline voided was collected for ATP determination. Normality was tested using Shapiro-Wilk test. The mean frequency of voiding contractions (VCs) of the sham-operated animals at 15 days after surgery, plus or minus 3 standard deviations, was used to represent the normal range. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: DO was indicated by a VC frequency greater than or equal to 0.9 VCs/min. DO was observed in 63% of animals at 3 days and in 33% at 15 days following pBOO. ATP levels were significantly higher in rats with DO compared to those without DO.Conclusions: The DO phenotype, occurring in the initial phases of BOO, is associated with comparatively high urinary ATP levels.
Quantification of Aging-Related Decreases in Sensory Innervation of the Bladder Trigone in Rats
Authors: Rijk Mathijs M. de , Peter Saša , Wolf-Johnston Amanda , Heesakkers John , Koeveringe Gommert A. van , Birder Lori A.
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), characterized by problems regarding storage and/or voiding of urine, is known to significantly increase with age. Effective communication between the lower urinary tract and the central nervous system (CNS) is essential for the optimal function of this system, and heavily relies on the efficient interaction between the bladder urothelium and the afferent nerve fibers situated in close proximity to the urothelium within the lamina propria.Methods: We aimed to quantify aging-related differences in the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, an established marker for sensory nerve fibers) in the trigonal mucosal layers of young (3–4 months) and aged (25–30 months) rats. We evaluated trigonal tissue from 3 animals per age group. Tissue was serially sectioned at 10 μm and stained for CGRP. Images were taken along the full length of the tissue. For each image we computed the total CGRP-positive area (μm2) and the median value for each animal was used for further analysis.Results: Upon statistical analysis the aged rats show a significantly lower CGRP-positive area compared to young rats (P=0.0049). These results indicate that aging has a negative effect on the area of CGRP-positive signal in the trigone.Conclusions: The structural and functional integrity of the sensory web in the trigonum of rats is negatively affected by the aging process, potentially leading to impaired communication between the bladder urothelium the CNS. Consequently, these perturbations in the sensory system may contribute to the pathogenesis or exacerbation LUTS.
Application of the Sleep C.A.L.M. Tool for Assessing Nocturia in a Large Nationally Representative Cohort
Authors: Boroda Joseph U. , Leon Benjamin De , Khosla Lakshay , Chobufo Muchi D. , Rahman Syed N. , Lazar Jason M. , Weiss Jeffrey P. , Monaghan Thomas F.
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Nocturia significantly impacts patients’ quality of life but remains insufficiently evaluated and treated. The “Sleep C.A.L.M.” system categorizes the factors thought to collectively reflect most underlying causes of nocturia (Sleep disorders, Comorbidities, Actions [i.e., modifiable patient behaviors such as excess fluid intake], Lower urinary tract dysfunction, and Medications). The purpose of this study was to assess the association of nocturia with the Sleep C.A.L.M. categories using a nationally representative dataset.Methods: Retrospective analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013/14–2017/18 cycles was conducted. Pertinent questionnaire, laboratory, dietary, and physical examination data were used to ascertain the presence of Sleep C.A.L.M. categories in adults ≥20 years of age. Nocturia was defined as ≥2 nighttime voids.Results: A total of 12,274 included subjects were included (51.6% female; median age, 49.0 years [interquartile range, 34.0–62.0 years]; 27.6% nocturia). Among subjects with nocturia, the prevalence of 0, ≥1, and ≥2 Sleep C.A.L.M. categories was 3.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8%–4.4%), 96.5% (95% CI, 95.6%–97.2%), and 81.2% (95% CI, 78.9%–83.3%), respectively. Compared to those with 0–1 Sleep C.A.L.M. categories, the adjusted odds of nocturia in subjects with 2, 3, and 4–5 Sleep C. A.L.M. categories were 1.77 (95% CI, 1.43–2.21), 2.33 (1.89–2.87), and 3.49 (2.81–4.35), respectively (P<0.001). Similar trends were observed for most age and sex subgroups. When assessed individually, each of the 5 Sleep C.A.L.M. categories were independently associated with greater odds of nocturia, which likewise persisted across multiple age and sex subgroups.Conclusions: Sleep C.A.L.M. burden is associated with increased odds of nocturia in a dose-dependent fashion, and potentially a relevant means by which to organize the underlying etiologies for nocturia among community-dwelling adults.
Pathophysiology of Overactive Bladder and Pharmacologic Treatments Including β3-Adrenoceptor Agonists -Basic Research Perspectives-
Authors: Kwon Joonbeom , Kim Duk Yoon , Cho Kang Jun , Hashimoto Mamoru , Matsuoka Kanako , Kamijo Tadanobu , Wang Zhou , Karnup Sergei , Robertson Anne M. , Tyagi Pradeep , Yoshimura Naoki
Published: February 2024

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a symptom-based syndrome defined by urinary urgency, frequency, and nocturia with or without urge incontinence. The causative pathology is diverse; including bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), bladder ischemia, aging, metabolic syndrome, psychological stress, affective disorder, urinary microbiome, localized and systemic inflammatory responses, etc. Several hypotheses have been suggested as mechanisms of OAB generation; among them, neurogenic, myogenic, and urothelial mechanisms are well-known hypotheses. Also, a series of local signals called autonomous myogenic contraction, micromotion, or afferent noises, which can occur during bladder filling, may be induced by the leak of acetylcholine (ACh) or urothelial release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They can be transmitted to the central nervous system through afferent fibers to trigger coordinated urgency-related detrusor contractions. Antimuscarinics, commonly known to induce smooth muscle relaxation by competitive blockage of muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic postganglionic nerve, have a minimal effect on detrusor contraction within therapeutic doses. In fact, they have a predominant role in preventing signals in the afferent nerve transmission process. β3-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists inhibit afferent signals by predominant inhibition of mechanosensitive Aδ-fibers in the normal bladder. However, in pathologic conditions such as spinal cord injury, it seems to inhibit capsaicin-sensitive C-fibers. Particularly, mirabegron, a β3-agonist, prevents ACh release in the BOO-induced detrusor overactivity model by parasympathetic prejunctional mechanisms. A recent study also revealed that vibegron may have 2 mechanisms of action: inhibition of ACh from cholinergic efferent nerves in the detrusor and afferent inhibition via urothelial β3-AR.
Investigating the Impact of Smart Tourism Technologies on Tourist Satisfaction, Engagement & Image and with the Mediation of Memorable Tourist Experience
Authors: Afzal Iqra , Majid Muhammad Bilal , Tariq Muhammad Ibrahim , Nasir Ali
Published: February 2024

Discover the profound impact of tourist engagement, satisfaction, and destination loyalty on the thriving tourism industry. The accompanying diagram provides operational details of STT and MTEs and how they can influence these crucial factors. Sample size selected for this research was 150 respondents, data was collected through online questionnaire. System named for data analysis was structural equation model (SEM) done through Smart Pls3.Results of this study indicated that STT and MTE have significant and positive affect on Destination Image and Tourism Engagement, Tourism Satisfaction and Tourism Destination Loyalty. This recollection offers empirical evidence to demonstrate the contribution of smart tourism technology and memorable trip experiences in raising tourist happiness and loyalty to travel locations. This study's primary objective is to better understand how memorable travel experiences and smart tourism technologies might increase traveller happiness and loyalty to a location in a developing nation.
Female Representation in Pakistani Digital Media: A Comparative Critical Feministic Study of Rehman’s “Mere Pas Tum Ho" & Ahmed’s “Sinf-e-Ahan”
Authors: Noor Ayesha , Hanif Mona , Safdar Anum
Published: February 2024

The present study aims to explore the portrayal of female characters by male and female writers in Pakistani digital media. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to figure out which gender is focused to show the strong and positive side of women. Meanwhile, the secondary objective is to trace the gender stereotypes in the context of the two particular dramas. Fairclough (1992) model of critical discourse analysis has been applied along with Beauvoir (1997) notion of feminism as the framework of the study. Two Pakistani dramas namely “Mere Pas Tum Ho" and Sinf-e-Ahan" have been the source of data. Meanwhile, a particular sample of twenty scenes from ten episodes of each drama has been selected through purposive sampling. However, the findings revealed that in Pakistani Digital media, male writers intend to portray women as negative, disloyal, passive, and emotionally frail creatures while on the other hand, female writers are trying to show the positive side of women by presenting them as strong and independent ones who are challenging patriarchal norms by pursuing their careers and fighting against every unjust thing they see happening around.
Cryptogenic stroke in a 5-year-old girl with patent foramen ovale: A rare case
Authors: Dimiati Herlina , Rasaki Rico , Haypheng Te
Published: February 2024

Stroke ranks among the prevalent factors contributing to child mortality. Cryptogenic stroke has been linked with patent foramen ovale (PFO), which has been suggested as a possible route for thrombus, gas bubble, or another particulate that comes through systemic venous circulation to the brain artery. Yet, the most effective approach for managing cryptogenic stroke involving a PFO remains uncertain. This case aims to report a PFO patient with complications of stroke. A 5-year-old girl was admitted to the emergency department at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, after experiencing numbness and weakness on her right side and a sudden onset of slurred speech three days before admission. Laboratory findings only showed leukocytosis, while coagulation tests were normal. Non-contrast brain CT revealed an occurrence of cerebral infarction in the left hemisphere. Transcranial Doppler showed no atherosclerosis in cerebral arteries, and carotid Doppler ultrasound results were reported normal. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a PFO with the right-to-left shunt. The patient was treated with an intravenous infusion of citicoline 250 mg twice daily, oral aspirin 80 mg daily, and oral mecobalamin 250 mg daily and was planned to undergo a PFO closure procedure. However, the patient’s parents rejected the plan to perform a PFO closure procedure. PFO has the potential to be a contributing factor to cryptogenic stroke among children. PFO closure followed by antiplatelet therapy for a couple of months has been shown to outperform medical therapy alone. However, additional evaluation should be done to cautiously consider the PFO closure procedure in children.
Analysis of Restaurant Tax Potential in Original Regional Income (PAD) in Bandar Lampung City
Authors: Binarti Intan , Narundana Vonny Tiara
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the value of the percentage of the tax potential restaurant and the number of restaurant tax contributions to Pad City Bandar Lampung. This research was conducted at the Regional Legal Tax Management Agency (BPPRD) and used the qualitative descriptive analysis method. The sample of this research is the tax revenue of the restaurant in 2019 with the total 691, 2020, 770 restaurants, 2021, 857 restaurants, and in 2022, 1052 restaurants in Bandar Lampung City are listed in the taxes of local restaurant and local bookkeeping housed at Jalan Doctor Susilo No.1 Botar Lampung City. The results found i.e. the potential of the tax restaurant decreased in 2020 post-covid-19 dela. After the Covid-19 Paseta Presentation of the potential of the restaurant tax is always in the very good criteria.

Keywords: Restaurant tac, Potential, Regional Original.
Development of QR Code Based Historical Narrative Text Teaching Materials to Improve Students' Skills in Extracting Historical Information
Authors: Mahardika Herdiana Ayu , Zulaeha Ida , Purwati Panca Dewi
Published: February 2024

Teachers have not integrated the technology that should be implemented to support the success of 21st century learning. The aim of this research is to develop and test the appropriateness of teaching materials for historical narrative texts based on QR Code Indonesian learning in grade V SDN Srondol Wetan and SDN Sendangmulyo 01 Semarang City. Development research model of Borg and Gall. The form of data collecting instrument, namely validation questionnaire. QR Code-based historical narrative text teaching materials are developed according to the needs of teachers and students to improve students' skills in extracting historical information. The development of QR Code-based historical narrative text teaching materials is designed with characteristics that specifically include (1) appropriateness of content/material, (2) eligibility percentage, (3) linguistic feasibility, and (4) graphic feasibility. QR Code-based historical narrative text teaching materials are developed based on the feasibility assessment of media experts, and material experts. Based on the feasibility assessment of media experts on teaching materials for historical narrative texts based on QR Codes, including in the criteria with an assessment percentage score of 90.83%. Meanwhile, material expert feasibility assessment on QR Code-based historical narrative text teaching materials includes criteria are very feasible with an assessment percetage score of 92.5%. As well as a recapitulation of 2 validators obtained an average score of 90% in the very good category so that it is suitable for use in learning activities.

Keywords: Teaching Materials, QR Code, Indonesian, Historical Narrative
Work from Home Arrangements May Boost Employee Happiness
Authors: . Parwoto , Iqbal M. Ali , Moein Anoesyirwan
Published: February 2024

COVID-19 has caused the global community to modify its efforts across all sectors, including corporations. People now "work from home" instead of in an office. This modern, technology-enabled remote job is analogous to telework.
This study uses causality-based quantitative research. The goal is to build a conceptual model empirically proving how the balance between work and personal life mediated the impact of work from home on employee happiness. The population of this study is employees of startup companies in Jakarta. The Cochran formula specifies a sample size 96 for huge populations or when the population is unknown. The sampling method was incidental, taking into account location affordability to assure population coverage. The chosen sample consists of employees who engaged in remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis method utilized is Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0.9.6 application.
The study found that working from home considerably improves employee happiness. Work-life balance improves significantly with working from home. Maintaining a work-life balance boosts employee happiness. Working from home improves employee happiness by balancing work and personal life. Increasing telecommuting and prioritizing work-life balance will boost employee happiness. The results of this study are used to inform the development of guidelines for startup enterprises or similar organizations seeking to implement remote work arrangements after the COVID-19 era.

Keywords: work from home, work-life balance, and employee happiness