bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Offline Coupling of Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography–Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for Monitoring Charge‐Based Heterogeneity of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Sarin Deepika , Kumar Sunil , Rathore Anurag S.
Published: October 2024

A holistic understanding of the charge heterogeneity in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is paramount for ensuring acceptable product quality. Hence, biotherapeutic manufacturers are expected to thoroughly characterize their products via advanced analytical techniques. Recently, two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) methods have gained popularity for resolving complex charged species. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is regarded as a sensitive and faster tool for charged species estimation in biotherapeutics. In this study, we aim to combine the separation power of chromatographic and electrophoretic tools (liquid chromatography [LC]–CE) so as to achieve maximum resolution of mAb charge variants. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) has been used as the preferred LC mode with CE for achieving successful separation of both charge and hydrophobic variants for two of the mAbs (trastuzumab and rituximab). The standalone HIC and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) methods separated 4 hydrophobic variants and 7 charge variants for each mAb, whereas the 2DLC method separated 10 and 11 variants for mAbs A and B. On the other hand, the HIC–CZE–UV method resolved 29 variants in mAb A and 23 variants in mAb B. The reproducibility of the HIC–CZE–UV method was demonstrated by % change in values of retention time (RT) and peak area as <5% (mAb A), <3% (mAb B), and <12% (for both mAbs), respectively. Thus, the utility of the proposed LC–CE method for characterization of mAb charge variants has been displayed.
Research over the effect of activated carbon treated with calcium nitrate solution on the catalytic ability in the reduction of Co(III)Triethylenetetramine
Authors: Zhang Shuang‐wei , Li Zi‐qiu , Long Xiang‐li
Published: October 2024

Activated carbon can be used as a catalyst for the reduction of Co(III)TETA to Co(II)TETA so as to maintain the ability of removing NO from gas stream with Co(II)TETA solution. Calcium nitrate has been utilized to treat activated carbon to improve its catalytic ability in the regeneration of Co(II)TETA. The biggest Co(III)TETA conversion is gained by the carbon being soaked in 0.3 mol/L calcium nitrate solution at 65°C for 12 h with a solid/liquid ratio of 1 g/50 mL followed being carbonized at 400°C for 2 h in nitrogen. The characterization with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XPS, BET (Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller) and Boehm titration indicates that the modification with calcium nitrate increases the specific surface area and acidic groups on activated carbon. The continuous experiments reveal that the NO removal efficiency obtained by the modified carbon is over 12% up to that by the original one.
Cosmogenic 10Be‐ and 21Ne‐based model exposure ages of desert pavements in the Thar Desert, India
Authors: Kaushal Rahul K. , Parida Sukumar , Kumar Pavitra V. , Kumar Pankaj , Niedermann Samuel , Wasson Robert J. , Dhir Ram P. , Chopra Sundeep , Mishra Sheila , Pappu Shanti , Singhvi Ashok K.
Published: October 2024

The Thar Desert, India has desert pavements comprising angular‐subangular to well‐rounded gravels at marginally higher elevations than the surrounding terrain. Sedimentological and geomorphic analyses suggest that the pavements are lags of weathered Mesozoic and older bedrock. The presence of Palaeolithic artefacts on the pavement surfaces and occasionally within their matrix was used to infer their antiquity and landscape stability.

This study presents the first surface exposure ages based on cosmic‐ray‐produced 10Be and 21Ne for pavements at four sites in the Thar Desert, viz. Bhojka, Hamira, Solanki and Jayal. The computation of model exposure ages assumed that (a) the gravels were derived from cemented conglomerates, uplifted by tectonics and thereafter disintegrated by climate, and (b) cosmogenic nuclide production in the gravels began when the conglomerates approached the surface and, continued during their disintegration, gravity sliding of individual gravels and storage, until the present. Assuming an average burial depth of 50 cm, 21Ne and 10Be data provide ages ranging from 1.30 to 2.92 Ma and 1.11 to 5.4 Ma, respectively, for the two nuclides.

Published electron spin resonance ages of Thar calcretes suggest the presence of water and extreme seasonality since 1.54 Ma. Such conditions facilitated the mobilization and precipitation of carbonates. The pavement ages and the minimum age of the conglomerate at 2.51 Ma extend the time of such desertic conditions to > 2.51 Ma and suggest that the initiation of desertic conditions in the Thar was possibly linked to global aridity beginning around 3.6 Ma.

Depending on assumptions, cosmic ray surface exposure (10Be) ages at Jayal range between 0.76 and 2.43 Ma. In the context of the Indian Palaeolithic, the presence of tools on the gravel surfaces and within dunes, suggests frequent occupation of this region from at least 0.76 Ma and, parallels Early to Middle Pleistocene Acheulian assemblages from Southern India.
Under what conditions? A scenario‐based approach for exploring the prerequisites of future events
Authors: Ekholm Tommi , Schaber Theresa
Published: October 2024

In an increasingly complex world, futures thinking can be used to understand the conditions that define future events' realization. This paper presents a novel approach to explore under what conditions some chosen future event would occur. The approach can be seen as a fusion of exploratory scenarios with the backward‐looking perspective of backcasting while resembling cross‐impact methods in how future events' realization arises from the interaction of several uncertain assumptions. The approach maps the causal mechanisms and assumptions that lead to the investigated event's realization, and results in a subset of assumption combinations that lead to the event being realized or not, and scenario sets where the event is either realized or not. This analysis provides insights beyond “Is the event likely to occur?”, revealing the various circumstances under which it can occur. We also provide ways for considering probabilities and deliberate decisions within the approach. We illustrate the approach with three example cases from different problem domains, such as reaching long‐term climate targets, and employing various methods, such as causal mapping, influence diagrams, and optimization. We conclude with a discussion on the approach's potential to enhance foresight practice, emphasizing its synergistic relation to existing methods and its contribution to a richer, more nuanced anticipation of the future.
Organoleptic characteristics of high‐protein snacks with novel and sustainable ingredients: Cricket flour and carob powder
Authors: Khalil Reine , Kallas Zein , Pujolà Montserrat , Haddarah Amira
Published: October 2024

To fulfill consumer trends in sustainable and healthy food choices, this study explored the application of edible insects and carob powder as sustainable and nutritious ingredients in developing a high‐protein snack, known as a protein ball. Four formulations were developed and characterized in terms of moisture content, water activity, color, texture, microbial count, and nutritional profile. Finally, the sensory profile was determined using the flash profile method, and the developed product was compared to a commercial product. The effect of replacing the conventional protein source with cricket flour and cocoa with its sustainable alternative, carob, on the measured characteristics was determined. The results showed that cricket flour significantly decreased the lightness color values (from 40 to 30) on the internal surface of the protein ball. Texture remained largely unaffected initially; however, after 2 weeks of storage, cricket flour significantly decreased the hardness (from 15 to 12 N) and chewiness values (from 1.6 to 1.0 N mm). Moreover, cricket flour significantly increased the aerobic count (from 3–4 log to 5 log cfu g−1). The sensory space of the cricket samples was separated from the milk protein samples, mainly related to flavor attributes, while the commercial sample was distinguished by dryness and sweetness. In general, carob powder did not affect the measured parameters compared to cocoa. This study demonstrated the suitability of utilizing cricket flour and carob powder in a high‐protein snack without substantially compromising the product's organoleptic properties. Future research could investigate the consumer acceptability of the product.
Distribution and Controlling Factors of the Contourites on the Northern Continental Slope of the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Hairong , Yu Chengqian , Chen Xianglan , Li Xianglin , Gao Hongfang
Published: October 2024

The northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS) is an important component of deep‐water circulation, providing excellent conditions for studying bottom currents in a marginal sea. Seismic data were employed to discern the sedimentary patterns prevalent in the deep‐water continental slope sediments on the northern continental margin of the SCS, encompassing gravity flow, contourite and mixed depositional systems. The contourite depositional system includes various types of deposits (such as separated mounded drifts, patch or channel‐related drifts, deformed sheeted drifts, composite drifts, bottom current sediment waves, plastered contourite drifts) and various morphologic erosional features eroded by the bottom current (such as moats, non‐depositional surfaces, troughs and scarps). These contourite features are related to the continental slope's morphology and its sources. The Dongsha slope exhibits distinctive characteristics marked by intense bottom current erosion and deposition, featuring separated mounded drifts and deformed sheeted drifts along its lower slope. The lower slope of the Pearl River showcases a spectrum of bottom current‐induced features, including sediment wave fields, erosion fields and contourite drifts. The southern flank of the Shenhu slope is characterised by a bottom current erosion field, a non‐depositional surface, a sediment wave field and isolated mounded drifts. On the Yingqiong slope, the contourite drifts are limited to its southern flank where gravity flow action is absent, and the complex geomorphology interacts with the bottom current, forming a complex contourite depositional system. The results of this study serve as a foundational framework for further global research on bottom current circulation and hydrodynamics.
The analytical model of flame characteristics of hydrogen–air through wall and gas interaction analysis
Authors: Esfahani Javad Abolfazli , Fanaee Sayyed Aboozar , Ahmadi Fatemeh , Rad Moslem Ayubi
Published: October 2024

In this article, the effect of different boundary conditions and different thermal and physical properties of walls and gas on flame characteristics and stability of hydrogen–air mixture are investigated using an analytical method. This method solves the gas–wall energy equation, and the hydrogen mass conservation equations. The jump conditions are obtained by integrating the energy and mass equation into a small control volume around the flame. For validation of this model, the temperature distribution on the outer surface of the wall is compared with experimental data that show the maximum relative error of 3.5% for Q = 400 mL/min and 4.9% for Q = 200 mL/min. The maximum variation of gas temperature is nearly 6.5 times of wall temperature variation. The wall can be considered one‐dimensional for conventional wall materials with K > 10. For the existence of combustion inside the chamber, when the value of K is greater than 10, the Péclet number should also be considered greater than 10. In a constant equivalence ratio, increasing the medium temperature increases flame stability.
Multiomics integration unravels genotype‐microbiome interactions shaping the conjunctival transcriptome
Authors: Liang Qiaoxing , Lin Guo‐Wang , Ding Xiaohu , Zou Bin , Liu Xiaomin , Li Jing , Zhang Yuxin , Wen Xiaofeng , Liang Lingyi , Bei Jin‐Xin , He Mingguang , Jia Huijue , Wei Lai
Published: October 2024

Gene expression is a molecular phenotype shaped by the interplay between genotype and environment. The microbiome represents a critical environmental exposure for the host. However, the genotype‐microbiome interactions (GMIs) shaping the host transcriptome remain largely unexplored. Here, we integrated conjunctival multiomics data from 120 pairs of twins to investigate GMIs. We identified 272,972 expression quantitative trait loci associated with 5946 genes and 241,073 genotype‐controlled correlations between gene expression and microbial abundance. We developed a modeling approach, MicroGenix, that screens for GMIs from host genome, transcriptome, and microbiome data and identifies GMIs associated with the disease through gene‐based association tests. We applied MicroGenix to the conjunctival data set and found that incorporating GMIs into gene expression prediction models significantly increased prediction accuracy. The genes with increased accuracy were overrepresented by those encoding cell adhesion molecules. We further used MicroGenix to predict the transcriptome from conjunctival metagenomes and identified GMIs associated with ocular surface disease. Our work provides a resource for studying host‐microbiome interactions at the conjunctiva and a computational approach to investigate GMIs using multiomics data.
Evaluation of TikTok social media posts on side effect information for popular weight loss medications
Authors: Singleton Jerica , Wantuch Gwendolyn A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in America, contributing to various health risks. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) receptor agonists have bloomed in popularity due to their efficacy and United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for weight loss, igniting popularity on social media. This study focuses on the role of TikTok™ (ByteDance, Haidian, Beijing, China), a popular social media platform, in disseminating understandable and actionable information about the side effects of weight loss medications.

Methods

The study analyzed the top 50 TikTok videos for each of the following hashtags: #ozempicsideeffects, #semaglutidesideeffects, #mounjarosideeffects, and #wegovysideeffects. Videos were evaluated based on their understandability and actionability using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) for audio‐visual (AV) products. PEMAT‐AV scores and popularity of videos were compared between hashtags utilizing one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). An alpha of 0.05 was used, with Bonferroni correction.

Results

A total of 165 videos were reviewed for PEMAT‐AV understandability and actionability scores. The total visibility of the videos reached over 19.4 million views. A majority of the videos were personal experiences (89%), with only 5% being health care education videos. The average understandability and actionability scores for all videos were 43% and 20%, respectfully. The data presented a difference between searched hashtags for both evaluation scores, p‐values of <0.001 and 0.093, respectively.

Conclusion

TikTok videos covering weight loss medication side effects have poor understandability and actionability scores. This study highlights the opportunity for more educational videos produced by health care professionals on TikTok, and a potential need for health care organizations and/or colleges of pharmacy to provide education to health care providers on how to create quality content for medication education on social media‐based platforms. Further research is needed to evaluate the credibility of content.
A perspective on alignment between steady‐state design and control for a distillation system in the context of flexibility analysis
Authors: Kong Zong Yang , Ang Tiffany , Adi Vincentius Surya Kurnia , Sunarso Jaka
Published: October 2024

This perspective paper discusses the alignment between steady‐state design and control (dynamic) simulation in the context of flexibility analysis for distillation systems. Operational variations, such as fluctuations in feed composition or flowrate, can stem from external factors like raw material quality or temperature variations. These disturbances need to be mitigated to ensure optimal industrial performance. Traditionally, these process uncertainties are usually considered in a sequential manner, where the steady‐state flowsheet is established first, and control performance is analyzed afterwards. However, recent studies have started integrating flexibility index into the design phase to account for process uncertainties. While this integration has improved design strategies, aligning steady‐state and dynamic control simulations for comprehensive flexibility analysis remains underexplored. In this paper, we wish to share new perspectives and insights we have observed by analyzing the existing literature. We highlight some points not immediately apparent in our previous studies, hoping these insights will serve as guidelines for future research in this direction. We believe that validating results between steady‐state and control simulations is a long‐term endeavor that cannot be conclusively addressed soon. However, we hope this paper will be valuable to future researchers, contributing to advancing this field and reaching those who will appreciate and build upon these insights. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Seasonality in Sonoran pronghorn survival and movement within a managed rangeland
Authors: Barbour Nicole , Bright Jill , Hervert John , Gurarie Eliezer D. , Fuest Stephanie , Alvidrez Aaron , Goodwin R. Andrew , Su Steven , Lehmuth Sherry , Black Christian W. , Fleming Christen H. , Fagan William F.
Published: October 2024

The endangered Sonoran pronghorn (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis) has a large portion of its range within a military operations area in southwestern Arizona, USA. Sonoran pronghorn have been actively managed in this region for more than 20 years. Recovery efforts have included release of captive‐born pronghorn into areas both currently and historically occupied by wild pronghorn. These areas provide habitat for federally endangered essential and experimental non‐essential, referred to as 10(j), pronghorn populations. More than 20 years of monitoring efforts have resulted in a large dataset on their spatial occurrence and movement within these areas. To synthesize long‐term trends and seasonality in Sonoran pronghorn movement and mortality, we employed a suite of quantitative analyses that characterized the pronghorns' 1) individual and population‐level home ranges, 2) occurrence near active military targets, 3) trends in seasonal group sizes and composition, 4) sex‐ and group‐specific survivorship, and 5) changes in movement‐based behavior following release from captivity. We found strong seasonal trends throughout, including sex‐specific differences in seasonal movement rates, home ranges, survival, and group composition. Further, captive‐born pronghorn released into the endangered population exhibited markedly higher survival compared to those released in 10(j) areas. Captive‐born pronghorn exhibited significant seasonal use of active military target areas. These analyses, which represent the most comprehensive analysis of Sonoran pronghorn movement and survival to date, have important implications for the future conservation and management of this endangered species. Our results indicate that active management of endangered Sonoran pronghorn has successfully increased survival, and we recommend maintaining or increasing current recovery efforts, such as captive breeding and placement of supplemental resources throughout their range (e.g., freestanding water and supplemental forage), to further boost the survivorship of both wild‐ and captive‐born pronghorn. Moreover, future management efforts could use our seasonality results to create dynamic prediction models of when and where pronghorn are likely to overlap with military activities to best manage interactions. Our methods have added application to other mobile species of conservation interest occurring in disturbed and resource‐limited landscapes.
Effects of Different Land Uses and Slope on Runoff and Soil Loss on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Cui Zhiwei , Li Peng , Zhang Lei , Wang Tian , Ma Jianye , Xiao Lie , Zhao Binhua , Han Jianchun , Yan Zixuan , Gómez José A.
Published: October 2024

The Loess Plateau has one of the most serious areas of soil erosion in China; therefore, studying the effect of soil and water conservation measures on the erosion of loess soil slopes is important for land management and agricultural development. This study is based on 5 years of field runoff observations and rainfall data from 2015 to 2019. Correlation and regression analyses were used to study the runoff and sediment production of loess soil and its relationship with rainfall, slope and land use. The results show that > 80% of the erosive rainfall occurs mainly in July to August in the area. Runoff and soil loss from the plots differed substantially, depending on land use, soil conservation measures and slope degree. Bare plots experienced the highest soil loss rate of over 27 t/ha with higher runoff depth, followed by cultivated plots (4.55 t/ha), grass plots (0.43 t/ha), shrub plots (0.35 t/ha) and forest plots (0.13 t/ha). Among the four soil and water conservation measures, the runoff and sediment reduction benefits of forest and shrub plots were the highest. The runoff reduction benefit fluctuated at approximately 0.8, and the benefit of sediment reduction was ≈1. The overall performance was forest > shrubland > grassland > cultivated land > bare land, and the benefits of sediment reduction were greater than those of runoff reduction. Forests had the highest soil retention capacity on slopes from 5° to 25°, and forests on gentle slopes had the best water storage capacity. Shrub plots had the best water storage capacity when they were on steep slopes. Rainfall erosion forces were significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.01) with runoff depth and soil loss, making it the most significant rainfall indicator of sediment production. Under the same rainfall conditions, soil and water conservation measures are still required on bare slopes, land use is the main control factor for slope sediment production, and appropriate land use can greatly reduce the threat of slopes in terms of soil erosion. This study shows that soil and water conservation measures are imperative to prevent runoff and soil loss, especially for bare land without any measures; on steep slopes, a vegetation combination primarily featuring shrubs is expected to achieve greater benefits in reducing runoff and sediment. This study can provide a scientific basis for the management of vegetation measures and the implementation of soil and water conservation measures on loess soil slopes.
Mineralized Biopolymers‐Based Scaffold Encapsulating with Dual Drugs for Alveolar Ridge Preservation
Authors: Tran Thanh‐Han Hoang , Luu Cuong Hung , Nguyen Khanh‐Tram Thi , Hoang Mai‐Anh Le , Pham Quang‐Khanh , Phan Chau My , Thai Nguyen‐Kim‐Luong , Nguyen Hieu Trung , Thambi Thavasyappan , Phan V.H. Giang
Published: October 2024

Mineralization of scaffolds is essential for alveolar ridge preservation and bone tissue engineering, enhancing the mechanical strength and bioactivity of scaffolds, and promoting better integration with natural bone tissue. While the in situ mineralization method using concentrated SBF solutions is promising, there is limited comprehensive research on its effects. In this study, it is demonstrate that soaking gelatin/alginate scaffolds (GAS) in fivefold concentrated SBF significantly reduces the mineralization time to 3–7 days but also leads to considerable degradation and loss of the scaffold's original microstructure. The ratio of gelatin to alginate is optimized to improve the properties of GAS. The optimized GAS sample, when soaked in concentrated SBF to form GAS/HAp, exhibited hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystal formation starting from day 3, with mature hexagonal crystals forming by day 7. However, this process also caused significant decomposition and deformation of the scaffold's pore structure. Additionally, the biocompatibility of GAS and GAS/HAp is evaluated through in vitro, in ovo, haemolysis, and anti‐ROS assays. The findings highlight the impact of SBF5× on the mineralization of GAS, laying the groundwork for further research in alveolar ridge preservation and bone tissue engineering.
Rainbows and laughter: How humor boosts e‐Word‐of‐Mouth for LGBT+ brands on social media
Authors: O'Rourke Anne‐Maree , Belli Alex , Mathmann Frank , Septianto Felix
Published: October 2024

LGBT+ brands, i.e., those supporting and catering for the LGBT+ community and primarily owned and operated by members of this community, have been standing out for their authenticity in a marketplace where brands are regularly accused of “rainbow‐washing.” Yet, despite the recent media spotlight these brands are still struggling to grow and gain visibility among the general public. This study aims to explore how LGBT+ brands can leverage their content to increase e‐Word‐of‐Mouth (eWOM) on social media. Specifically, we focus on humorous content because its impact on eWOM has been mixed in the literature and brand type has been overlooked as a potential moderator to date. Using brand anthropomorphism and schema congruity theory, our research proposes that LGBT+ brands that adopt humor in their social media content generate higher eWOM when compared to mainstream brands. We suggest that consumers attribute the expected characteristics of gay individuals (e.g., humorous, witty, …) to LGBT+ brands, thus leading to perceived brand‐post fit as the underlying mechanism. Two studies based on Facebook data from two different LGBT+ brands and a scenario‐based experiment validate these findings. Alongside conceptualizing LGBT+ brands, we provide valuable insights into how these brands can gain exposure and visibility on social media.
Influence of microbiota on the growth and gene expression of Clostridioides difficile in an in vitro coculture model
Authors: Martinez Elisa , Berg Noémie , Rodriguez Cristina , Daube Georges , Taminiau Bernard
Published: October 2024

Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic, spore‐forming, Gram‐positive pathogenic bacterium. This study aimed to analyze the effect of two samples of healthy fecal microbiota on C. difficile gene expression and growth using an in vitro coculture model. The inner compartment was cocultured with spores of the C. difficile polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐ribotype 078, while the outer compartment contained fecal samples from donors to mimic the microbiota (FD1 and FD2). A fecal‐free plate served as a control (CT). RNA‐Seq and quantitative PCR confirmation were performed on the inner compartment sample. Similarities in gene expression were observed in the presence of the microbiota. After 12 h, the expression of genes associated with germination, sporulation, toxin production, and growth was downregulated in the presence of the microbiota. At 24 h, in an iron‐deficient environment, C. difficile activated several genes to counteract iron deficiency. The expression of genes associated with germination and sporulation was upregulated at 24 h compared with 12 h in the presence of microbiota from donor 1 (FD1). This study confirmed previous findings that C. difficile can use ethanolamine as a primary nutrient source. To further investigate this interaction, future studies will use a simplified coculture model with an artificial bacterial consortium instead of fecal samples.
Resilience in Cyclicality: Impact of Inventory Management Efficiency on Operational Profitability
Authors: Yeboah Samuel , Kjærland Frode , Kustec Irena
Published: October 2024

The cyclical and non‐cyclical nature of the consumer goods industry presents unique dynamics that require discernment in analyzing working capital (WC). These firms often deal with considerable inventory levels that create costs and liquidity challenges, particularly during economic downturns. This paper investigates the impact of inventory days (InvD) on operating margin (OM) in both demand‐stable and demand‐sensitive businesses. The empirical analysis employs system GMM regression with a sample of publicly traded US consumer goods firms from 2010 to 2022. The findings reveal an inverted U‐shaped relationship between InvD and OM among cyclical companies, indicating that these firms require a comparatively lower optimal inventory level (108 days) to maximize profitability at 3%. The results highlight the importance of strategic inventory management (IM) under varying economic and demand conditions and balancing the risks of stock‐outs against the costs of overstocking to optimize profitability. This paper contributes to the literature on the impact of inventory dynamics on operating profit in stable and volatile markets. It estimates the optimal inventory level that enhances profitability and predicts the optimal inventory dynamics for maximum profit.
Ruminant Trans Fatty Acid Intake Modulates Inflammation Pathways in the Adipose Tissue Transcriptome of C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Mohammadi Farzad , Beauparlant Charles Joly , Bianco Stéphanie , Droit Arnaud , Bertrand Nicolas , Rudkowska Iwona
Published: October 2024

Scope

The study aims to analyze transcriptomic profiles in adipose tissues postconsumption of elaidic acid (EA; trans‐18:1n‐9) and trans‐palmitoleic acid (TPA; trans‐16:1n‐7), elucidating their different effects on inflammation and glucose metabolism.

Methods and results

Twenty C57BL/6 mice are divided into four groups. Each group receives one of the following formulations in drinking water: lecithin nanovesicles, nanovesicles containing either lecithin with EA or TPA (86:14 w/w), or water (control) for 28 days with a regular fat diet (18% calories from fat). Total RNA is extracted, and paired‐end sequencing is performed. TPA intake alters the expression of 351 genes compared to EA intake, including 11 downregulated and 340 upregulated genes (fold change [FC] >1.5, p < 0.05). TPA compares to EA upregulated: Slc5a8, Lcn2, Csf3, Scube1, Mapk13, Bdkrb2, Ctla2a, Slc2a1, Oas3, Cx3cl1, Oas2, Nlrp6, Pycard, Cyba, Ddr1, and Prkab1 and downregulated Fas gene. These genes are related to the NOD‐like receptor, lipid and atherosclerosis, IL‐17 signaling, TNF, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, adipocytokine, glucagon, insulin resistance, and inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels signaling.

Conclusion

TPA intake has a distinct impact on the regulation of inflammation and diabetes‐related pathways in adipose tissue compared to EA.
Phase contrast MRI with minimized background phase errors
Authors: Loecher Michael , Ennis Daniel B.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Phase contrast MRI (PC‐MRI) is used clinically to measure velocities in the body, but systematic background phase errors caused by magnetic field imperfections corrupt the velocity measurements with offsets that limit clinical utility. This work aims to minimize systematic background phase errors in PC‐MRI, thereby maximizing the accuracy of velocity measurements.

Methods

The MRI scanner's background phase errors from eddy currents and mechanical oscillations were modeled using the gradient impulse response function (GIRF). Gradient waveforms were then numerically optimized using the GIRF to create pulse sequences that minimize the background phase errors. The pulse sequences were tested in a static phantom where the predicted response could be compared directly to the measured background velocity. The optimized acquisitions were then tested in human subjects, where flow rates and background errors were compared to conventional PC‐MRI.

Results

When using the GIRF‐optimized gradient waveforms, the predicted background phase was within 0.6 [95% CI = −3.4, 5.4] mm/s of the measured background phase in a static phantom. Excellent agreement was seen for in vivo blood flow values (flow rate agreement = 0.96), and the background phase was reduced by 78.8 18.7%.

Conclusion

This work shows that using a GIRF to model the effects of magnetic field imperfections combined with numerically optimized gradient waveforms enables PC‐MRI waveforms to be designed to produce a minimal background phase in the most time‐efficient manner. The methodology could be adapted for other MRI sequences where similar magnetic field errors affect measurements.
Fourier Transform Approach to Boundary Domain Integral Equations for Elastic Composites With Domain Decomposition and Multi Reference Parameters
Authors: To Quy‐Dong , Bonnet Guy
Published: October 2024

In this article, displacement and strain periodic boundary domain integral equations for homogenization problems of elastic composites are derived in the context of FFT homogenization methods. The resolution methods based on regular grids and discrete Green's tensors are presented. The displacement based equations can be used to solve problems in arbitrary domains under periodic and non‐periodic boundary conditions. The strain based integral equation is obtained from the combination of the displacement based equations for different domains, each one having its own reference elasticity tensor. In the latter, the strain values inside every phases are connected to material mismatch parameters on the phase boundary. It was shown that by decomposing suitably domains by stiffness and using adapted reference parameters, the iteration schemes converge faster.
Biological aging analysis based on DNA methylation status for social anxiety disorder
Authors: Noguchi Nobuhiko , Shirai Toshiyuki , Suda Akira , Hattori Saki , Miyauchi Masatoshi , Okazaki Satoshi , Fujita Junichi , Asami Takeshi , Otsuka Ikuo , Hishimoto Akitoyo
Published: October 2024

Aim

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common disorder characterized by excessive fear of scrutiny and embarrassment, leading to severe distress and avoidance behaviors or dysfunctions. SAD and other relevant diseases have been reported to be associated with a higher risk of aging‐related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes mellitus. Recently, epigenetic clock analysis, which measures biological aging based on comprehensive DNA methylation (DNAm) status, has been widely conducted. We conducted epigenetic clock analyses in patients with SAD and controls, examining various epigenetic age acceleration and DNAm‐based predictive values of aging‐related proteins (GrimAge components and GrimAge2 components), including leptin level.

Methods

We used the publicly available DNAm dataset, GSE164056, which consists of 66 patients with SAD and 77 controls of Caucasian descent aged between 18 and 50 years. We conducted regression analyses investigating the association between SAD and various indices of epigenetic aging, using age and sex as covariates.

Results

None of the epigenetic clocks showed significant differences in age acceleration. Of the DNAm‐based predictive values of aging‐related proteins, leptin level in GrimAge components (q = 0.0123) and GrimAge2 components (q = 0.0123) were significantly lower in patients with SAD than in controls.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggested that leptin may be involved in SAD pathogenesis as an aging‐related protein. Therefore, further studies with different designs are required.
Spectral Galerkin Approximation and Error Analysis Based on a Mixed Scheme for Fourth‐Order Problems in Complex Regions
Authors: Zheng Jihui , An Jing
Published: October 2024

In this article, an efficient spectral Galerkin method, which is based on a mixed scheme, is proposed and studied for solving fourth‐order problems in complex regions. The fundamental idea behind this approach is to transform the initial problem into an equivalent form in cylindrical coordinates and to reshape the computational domain into a product‐type rectangular one, which facilitates the utilization of spectral methods. However, when considering the equivalent fourth‐order form directly in cylindrical coordinates, it introduces intricate pole conditions and variable coefficients, posing challenges to both theoretical analysis and algorithm implementation. To address this, we employ the orthogonality of Fourier series to further decompose it into a sequence of decoupled two‐dimensional fourth‐order eigenvalue problems. For each such problem, we introduce an auxiliary function to transform it into an equivalent second‐order coupled system. Building on this, we formulate a mixed variational formulation and discrete scheme, and prove the error estimates for eigenvalue and eigenfunction approximations. Furthermore, we extend this algorithm to the two‐dimensional complex domains. Finally, a series of numerical examples are presented, and the numerical results validate the effectiveness of the algorithm and the correctness of the theoretical results.
Boron nitride: The key material in polymer composites for electromobility
Authors: García‐Hernández Zureima , Molina‐Ramírez Oscar , Rivera‐Salinas Jorge E. , Sifuentes‐Nieves Israel , González‐Morones Pablo , Hernández‐Hernández Ernesto
Published: October 2024

Despite the continuous development and improvement of many technologies and multifunctional materials for the electric powertrain (ePowertrain) for electric vehicles, there are still technical issues and challenges to address such as thermal management in batteries, electric motors, and power electronic devices, as most of their failures are due to poor thermal management. Consequently, conventional engineering polymer materials already used must be replaced since most of them have low thermal conductivity and are therefore limited in performance for thermal management applications. A key solution is to develop highly thermally conductive polymer composites that combine other features, such as flame‐retardant, electrical insulation, and mechanical and barrier properties, by incorporating fillers into the polymer matrix. This approach has attracted intensive research efforts. In this review, we first examine the key drivers, trends, and solutions of the ePowertrain segment, emphasizing thermal management. Second, special attention is given to the state‐of‐the‐art boron nitride (BN) polymer composites with current or potential applications in the automotive industry, especially, in batteries, electric motors, and power electronics. Third, analysis and prediction of thermal properties of BN polymer composites by finite element simulation are presented. Finally, outlooks for future research in this field are highlighted.

Highlights

Thermal management of batteries, electric motors and power electronics, using BN polymer composites, optimizes the functionality of electric vehicles.

Cross‐linked polymers with BNNSs provide resins for high power motors, film capacitors, and Li‐metal battery electrolytes for electric vehicles.

Mathematical modeling and life cycle analysis can predict trends and research gaps in ePowertrain applications.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Competencies for the Archival Professions
Authors: Arias Hernandez Richard , Fewster Kaila , Penniman Sophie
Published: October 2024

This article presents qualitative research aimed at deriving key competencies for archival students and professionals to leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to support the ongoing availability and accessibility of trustworthy public records. Methodology and findings are presented. Our primary source of data were interviews conducted between January and July 2023 with 10 archivists, record managers, and digital archives researchers from the UK, Canada, USA, Australia, and New Zealand. All our interviewees had practical experience applying AI and ML to the processing of records in archives or record management offices. Findings from the qualitative data analysis from the interviews are presented and organized in three areas of competencies: knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
From Click to Trip: A Socio‐Technical Perspective on Tourism Live Streaming
Authors: Han Jia Yu , Chua Alton Y.K. , Xu Shao Gui
Published: October 2024

Tourism live streaming can significantly enhance users' desire to travel. Although previous studies have identified many technical and social enablers influencing users' impulsive travel intention, limited research has examined it from a socio‐technical perspective. This paper aims to develop and validate a theoretical model that explains how visibility, personalization, and metavoicing influence impulsive travel intention through parasocial relationship in tourism live streaming. Empirical results (N = 551) reveal that visibility, personalization, and metavoicing exert both direct positive impacts on impulsive travel intention and indirect effects through the mediation of parasocial relationship. This paper also identifies gender as a moderating role in the proposed model. This paper enriches the literature by not only shedding light on the underlying process through which users develop impulsive travel intention, considering both technical features and social interaction but also stands as one of the earliest to investigate the gender's moderating role in this process.
Participatory Media and Game Preservation: A Taxonomy of YouTube Game‐Related Content
Authors: Newman Michele , Favors Drew , Koughan Lane , Lee Jin Ha
Published: October 2024

Video games are both information objects as well as experiences of play. However, current methods of game preservation often fail to capture the full gaming experience. To address this, one proposed solution involves leveraging player‐generated content as an alternative to emulation. To investigate the viability of this suggestion, we examine the following research questions: (1) What types of gameplay content exist on the platform YouTube? and (2) What are the challenges and opportunities in utilizing this style of community created content for game preservation? We introduce a Taxonomy of YouTube Game‐Related Content to answer these questions and discuss its application, along with the challenges and opportunities that arose during its creation. Our taxonomy and findings suggest that although utilizing this content for game preservation requires additional knowledge of games and their community, as well as consideration of how the platform and creators impact game history, it also presents opportunities to preserve more diverse voices and experiences of play. Furthermore, it suggests YouTube videos offer a potential avenue, not only for preserving the game object, but also for preserving its broader cultural significance and multiple forms of knowledge.
The Geo‐Socio‐Personal Model: Mapping Complex Information Ecosystems for Research‐related Information Behaviors
Authors: Ward Wesley S. , Given Lisa M.
Published: October 2024

Creating international collaborative teams is common to address complex research problems in low‐income countries. Teams involve experts from low‐ and high‐income countries who must share information and communicate across interpersonal, organizational, and national contingencies and geographic and temporal borders. Effective information sharing between people and across institutions requires nuanced understandings of various information ecosystems, including the relationships between attitudes, values, and behaviors of individuals and organizations. This paper reports on an evidence‐based model developed from a qualitative study of research teams operating in two countries (Lao People's Democratic Republic and Australia), using constructivist grounded theory methodology. The resulting Geo‐Socio‐Personal (GSP) Model for Complex Information Ecosystems reflects multicultural relationships at four levels: geo‐structural, geo‐social, organizational, and inter−/intra‐personal. The model examines contingencies affecting information behaviors across all four levels, including interpersonal, organizational, and international relations, and the economic, political, and structural levels that posit these relations.
Describing the Ephemeral: Facilitating Rich Search Experiences with Performing Arts Video Collections
Authors: Given Lisa M. , Polkinghorne Sarah , Cattlin Joann , Carlin David
Published: October 2024

Digital video collections of dance, theatre, and other performances can provide unprecedented access to these ephemeral art forms. Making these collections searchable requires understanding of users' needs, necessitating collaboration among subject matter, metadata, and information behavior experts. Focusing on the example of Circus Oz, a prominent Australian circus company, this paper describes an exploratory, user‐centered process that draws on qualitative thematic coding techniques to create descriptive metadata schema. This iterative process illustrates the extensive labor involved, and the combination of expertise required, to create schema that extend beyond technical and basic categories to support rich search and discovery of cultural data collections.
Student Perceptions of Generative AI in LIS Coursework
Authors: Kizhakkethil Priya , Perryman Carol
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to inform LIS curriculum development by understanding student perceptions of generative AI tools. Assignments with a generative AI component for two courses (n = 65) were de‐identified and analyzed after the end of the semester using a grounded qualitative approach. Students recognize the need for caution and critical evaluation of generative AI tool output, while mentioning areas of utility in practice, including information retrieval, reference services, teaching, and information access. Responses highlight the importance of information literacy in the use of these tools, and potential implications for practice in information professions. The study contributes to the literature about the need for curriculum development to address this disruptive technology by identifying the professional competencies that are affected.
Investigating Co‐Authorship Networks of Academic and Industry Researchers in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Liang Lizhen
Published: October 2024

Research teams from the industry, especially big technology companies, have been pushing impactful research work in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), changing the prospects of the field and the careers of many researchers. Research teams from big technology companies usually possess more data, bigger computing infrastructure, and research talent, granting them the advantages in advancing AI research. While most previous work focuses on investigating the advantages the industry has in the field of AI, and how their research publication is different from those published by academic teams, few research has been done to investigate whether working as an industry researcher is beneficial at the individual level. In this work, by analyzing co‐authorship networks of researchers published in AI conferences, we investigate whether working in the industry gives researchers advantages in “intangible” forms, such as social capital, represented by the collaborative relationships they gained or maintained. Our result shows that the many advantages industry researchers possess correlate with the social capital they have, measured by degree centrality, eigenvector centrality, betweenness centrality, and effective size.