bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Geodetic Methods in the Technical Examination of Hydraulic Structures from Soil Materials
Authors: Badera V V , Tsyplenkova I V , Dolmatova O N , Smoking E A
Published: April 2020

In our country, particular attention is paid to the safety of operating hydraulic structures, operational reliability of which is an integral part of the overall security of the Russian Federation. The security and energetic efficiency of hydraulic structures is regulated by the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, federal laws, and the code of rules “Hydrotechnical Structures. Key Points” [1-4]. Recommendation on the implementation of federal state construction supervision by officials of Rostekhnadzor (Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service of Russia) during the construction and reconstruction of hydraulic structures are contained in methodological recommendations [5, 6]. Investigation of the operational reliability of soil hydraulic structures issue and the development of measures to extend the established term of their operation is a pressing challenge. To solve this challenge, the technical examination of hydraulic structures from soil materials, which allows us to assess the state of strength properties and the stress-strain state of dams, dikes, etc. is of great importance.

The vast majority of soil dams are checked only visually, which does not allow to reliably assess their strength properties. To determine the development of infractions in the body of the dam, to determine the amount of washed soil at hydraulic structures, etc. geodetic methods of research can be used, which, compared to the visual methods, are more accurate.

In order to determine the capabilities of geodetic methods for determining the volume of washed soils at hydraulic structures, the authors carried out experimental work to determine the volume of washed soils of the coast protection structure “Gluhaya Damba” (“Deaf Dam”) in the ash-disposal area near Zaimskiy island in the Omsk region.
Study of Modified Peanut Peel Sorption Properties Relative to Fe (III) Ions
Authors: Sverguzova S V , Shaikhiev I G , Hunade L
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we consider the possibility of extracting Fe3+ ions from aqueous media with native and modified peanut peel. Peanut peel is an unclaimed waste generated after extracting peanut kernels and at present, in most cases, it is directed to burning. Meanwhile, the peanut peel is a cellulose-containing material with a branched pore system and a large specific surface, which determines the prerequisites for using it as a sorption material in water treatment processes. Before use, the peanut peel (PP) was crushed and dispersed using a standard set of sieves to obtain fractions of particles of various compositions. Adsorption isotherms are plotted and the maximum isotherm (Amax) was determined, which was 1.52 mmol/g or 85.7 mg/g for the initial material and 1.6 mmol/g or 96.0 mg/g for burnt at 350 °C.
Great Depths in the Crust - Peculiarities of Hydrocarbon Generation
Authors: Kerimov V Yu , Kosyanov V A , Mustaev R N
Published: April 2020

The purpose of research is to identify the features of hydrocarbon generation at great depths of the Earth. It is shown that all the conditions necessary for generation of oil and gas are kept at great depths in the crust in the zones of high pressures and temperatures. However, generation of hydrocarbons in such settings significantly differs from the processes of oil and gas formation at shallow depths. A complex system of mutual thermobaric factors and distribution of the oil and gas potential at great depths was revealed: the start of generation and the phase distribution of hydrocarbons in the section are largely affected by settling of abnormally high pore pressure, as well as by paleotemperatures that could differ considerably from the present-day ones depending on the age of deposits. It is shown that different thicknesses of catagenetic zones are related to the kinetic rate of oil and gas generation, which depends on the type of kerogen, the gradient of temperature change, pressure, lithology, and hydrogeological conditions of the host rocks, the sedimentation rate, and other factors.
The economic Damage from the Spring Flood in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Tarskaya L E , Kapitonova T A , Struchkova G P
Published: April 2020

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) having a vast territory located in various climatic zones and a developed network of water bodies exposed to a wide range of natural emergency. The spring-summer floods are the most characteristic. They cause extensive flooding of territories, facilities and infrastructure. This article draws attention to one of the main problems of the natural emergency in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). At ice drift on some parts of the river ice gorge is formed and causes flooding of nearby settlements and this brings huge social and material damages to the population and economy of the Republic. The use of satellite information and GIS in emergency situations (ES) allows to perform cartographic modeling of dangerous situation conditions. Cartographic modeling is necessary as a tool to visualize the situation and to simulate its changes. Using satellite images of Landsat 8, the zones of a settlement flooding are revealed and according to them the map of zones of the district subject to spring flood is created in the ArcGis program. Damage calculation is performed with the use of the «Guideline on the assessment of damage caused by large-scale flooding in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal district», approved by the Ministry of emergency situations in Russia. The decree of the Russian Federation Government on prevention and liquidation of emergency situations and consequences of natural disasters is used to compensate the damage caused to the victims of floods
Operation of Building Envelopes in Humid and Wet Environment in the North of Krasnoyarsk Krai
Authors: Ryseva O P , Frolovskaya A V , Shiriev T T
Published: April 2020

The paper dwells upon the relevance of comprehensive analysis into the durability and frost resistance of stone envelopes for industrial buildings operating in extreme cold. The inner environment of a facility and the climate directly affect the lifespan of the industrial building in the North of Krasnoyarsk Krai. The paper analyzes the primary causes and consequences of frost deterioration of building envelopes operated in humid or wet environment. It presents the attributes that indicate the condition of outer building walls of varying age; such attributes point to the deviation from the normal condition. The condition of supports was categorized by examination. The paper further summarizes the results of processing the obtained data on the temperature and humidity the buildings and their envelopes are operated at. It presents the results of testing the efficiency of brick, fly-ash autoclaved aerated concrete, and ceramsite concrete as envelope materials.
Greenspace Design for Airports
Authors: Trofimova T E
Published: April 2020

This research seeks to substantiate the need for special psychophysical recreation areas (closed greenspaces) at international and regional airports. To that end, the researcher has: studied the medical and psychological impact of flight on human condition; considered the creation and maintenance of greenspaces from the standpoint of botany; analyzed the existing closed greenspaces at airports, their pros and cons; proposed solutions to identified problems; analyzed various layouts for such greenspaces and projected the microclimate they might have; developed a concept and proposed a working model for stand-alone airport greenspace. The paper analyzes a pilot design and proposes the basic principles behind airport-based psychophysical recreation areas: special plants for better microclimate; comfortable visuals, i.e. harmonious and non-aggressive interiors; use of greenspace to mitigate the stress the airport environment subjects human beings to; airport greenspacing on the basis of space classification; layout optimization, i.e. functional zoning of greenspaces, with special areas being arranged for crew members, arriving and departing passengers, and passengers of different age groups. Spatial layouts, engineering, and designs may vary to better fit the purpose. Thus, a single closed greenspace instance may comprise multiple modules to serve different use cases. One mandatory feature is accessibility for persons with reduced mobility combined with special communication means for persons with disabilities.
Vladivostok City Morphology: Space Matrix as a Tool for the Urban form Analysis
Authors: Potapenko A , Moor V
Published: April 2020

This paper presents the study of building types in Vladivostok according to the Space Matrix methods. Type design practice and clustering of urban areas is an important task for urban development, management and regulation purposes. The hypothetical condition is checked, according to which the form of urban material fabric can be fully and adequately determined by the ground and floor space index. As a result of the study according to methodology described above, the main building morphotypes in Vladivostok were identified, a comparative analysis of the building type and usage rate was carried out, urban areas, for which an increase in urban density is the most appropriate process for the best effect, were identified.
Improving the Quality of Rolled Metal Products Using a Set of Quality Management Statistical Methods
Authors: Korotkov A N , Korotkova L P , Vidin D V
Published: April 2020

In the face of the increasing need of shaped and bar iron for buildings and installations construction, production of modern domestic vessels at one of the Kuzbass metallurgical enterprises, mastering the production of hot-rolled bulb bars made from highquality structural steel, which is based on existing technology, has begun. To ensure the production quality, control quality techniques for “asymmetric bulb bar” experimental rolled steel made from A32 and D32 steel grades is proposed. It enabled us to identify the systemic and most significant unsatisfactory features in production process, to develop measures to eliminate them and prevent possible defects in mass production of rolled products. These techniques are based on the application of quality management statistical methods. The implementation of a quality control techniques and recommended measures to prevent possible defects made it possible to improve the quality of metal, ensure production stability and competitiveness in the metal market.
Experimental Study of Radon Content in Networked Natural Gas under the Conditions of Yakutsk
Authors: Stepanov V E , Naumova K A
Published: April 2020

Analyzed the problem of radon safety in residential areas with gas stoves of various companies. Volumetric radon concentrations were obtained and annual dose rates were calculated. Measurements were carried out with two instruments: on the radon gauge Alpha Guard and on the PPA-01M-03 manufactured by NTM - Protection. Samples of networked natural gas for measurement were taken using an air sampler [1], [2]. A device and methods for sampling methane from domestic gas cookers in the conditions of the city of Yakutsk have been developed. The sampler consists of a silicone hose with a tubular tip with a solid cap. Silicone hose attached to the standard air sampler with two fittings of the company NTM Protection. The divider and the burner are removed from the tile; the tube with the cap is pressed tightly against the iron gas-conducting pipe. The methane launch valve opens to the stove. A flexible tube is put on the loose fitting and lowered into a bowl of water to control the gas outlet. Experimentally chosen time to achieve the maximum volumetric concentration of radon in the sampler for air. The obtained value of radon volumetric activity is: 116 ± 27 Bq/m3
Isotopic-Geochemical Features of the Generating of the Precious Metal Formations of the Jiamusi-Khanka Graphite-Bearing Province
Authors: Molchanov V P
Published: April 2020

Numerous occurrences of the precious metal mineralization located solely in the Jiamusi-Khanka province were detected within a single zone of the regional graphitization with ten kilometers submeridional strike towards the adjacent territories of the Primorsky krai (Russia) and the Heilongjian province (China), all the above said findings being obtained with the participation of the authors of the present scientific article. There are features of Dalnerechensk group (with Filinskoye being the largest of them), deposits of of Lesozavodsk group (Tamga, Turgenevo) and graphite-ore giant of Liumao Mashan group of the Heilongjian province in the Northern, central and Southern sides of this province respectively. The results of the isotopic-geochemical study of the graphite, the sulfides and the carbonates of these deposits, the formation of which has a common history with the one of the precious metal mineralization, indicate the participation of deep derivated recomposed fluids and the light isotopic-biogenic matter of the host rocks in the ore formation. Besides, the carbon and the oxygen from at least two more isotopic-contrast sources intruded into the ore-forming system. Some minerals were formed under the influence of the intrusive acidic melts on the carbonate rocks, other one were generated due to the involvement of the meteoric waters in the ore formation.
Evaluation of Road Safety Measures Efficiency in Conditions of Uncertainty
Authors: Korchagin V , Chernishov V , Klyavin V , Rizayeva J , Baryshev N , Dvurechenskaya A
Published: April 2020

Scientific approaches and methods are considered of the social-economic evaluation of the efficiency of a set of measures on improving road safety in conditions of uncertainty. The risk levels for the adopted social-economic indicators were determined with the help of expert evaluation presented as a fuzzy number. In order to make a decision on a set of measures to be implemented, the scenario method, fuzzy linear programming, production rules were used. An integral indicator of the social-economic efficiency of measures is proposed as an objective means of assessment.
Disaster Insurance Decision Support System
Authors: Bokadarov S A , Kravchenko A S , Peregudov A N , Kulakova N G , Kalach A V
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the improvement of the system of support for decision-making in the insurance of jams against emergencies. The article pays special attention to the application of the Housing Insurance Act. Information on the number of insured dwellings provided. The algorithm of integral evaluation of the protection object proposed, which allows the insurance company to calculate the cost of the insurance policy.
Express Method for Estimating Particle Isometricity for Quality Control Ferrosilicium
Authors: Timofeev A S , Dvoichenkova G P , Chernysheva E N , Popadin E G
Published: April 2020

Currently, in connection with the expansion of the volume of implementation of the dense medium separation (DMS) process at the processing plants, it becomes necessary to solve the problem of quality control of the ferrosilicon used, the relevance of which is due to an increase in the instability of the initial technological properties of ferrosilicon supplied by various manufacturers. This paper presents an express method for controlling the quality of ferrosilicon, the use of which allows, using data on the bulk and true density of ferrosilicon, to evaluate the isometricity of its particles.
Prospects for Public-Private Partnerships in Seaport of Khabarovsk Territory
Authors: Gudkova E V , Zaostrovskikh E A
Published: April 2020

Since theoretical approaches to the development of seaports have been actively explored over the past 30 years, the role of the port region is attracting increasing attention, especially in the spatial economy. This article, using the example of the sea port Vanino (Khabarovsk Territory), examines the regionalization of the seaport in the context of public-private partnership. To this end, an analysis of the theory of the development of the seaport in the port region was carried out. The basic models of public-private partnerships to ensure sustainable development of the port region are considered. The results of the study for the Vanino seaport show that PPP makes the stakeholder environment more difficult to manage, due to the growing importance of stakeholders. The implementation of coal projects under PPP in the next 10 years will not have a significant impact on the port region. As the economic effects for the port region will gradually decrease, accordingly, the negative consequences will increase. Therefore, the current “port-owner” model is inefficient. The “port-instrument” model may be the most acceptable for the sea port of Vanino, when the port administration is the owner of the infrastructure and performs the whole range of tasks necessary for the functioning of the port system, and the private sector is engaged in cargo operations.
Modern Methods of Ensuring Sustainable Development of Rural Territories at the Regional Level
Authors: Yurkova M S , Firsov A I , Trofimova V I , Ermakova G A
Published: April 2020

The concept of sustainable development was widely adopted at the global level of development of society in the world. At the same time transition to sustainable development and giving of irreversible character to it are impossible without complex development of rural territories. In national economy it is necessary to begin development with rise in agriculture. In modern operating conditions of the majority of regions of Russia and its rural territories, development of the methods providing their sustainable development is impossible without active state position on an institutional basis and also on the basis of social and innovative development of territories taking into account their features, the developed specialization and infrastructure. In this research four interconnected methods on ensuring sustainable development of rural territories on the example of the Saratov region are developed. The differential and production method is based on growth of efficiency of agrarian production at use of intensive technologies, increase in a share of crops of perspective highly profitable cultures depending on climatic and economic features of various microzones of the region, on technological re-equipment of branches of crop production. All this will allow to create internal funds of development of production and the social sphere of the village. The innovative and investment method is based on accumulation of means from different sources in regional fund and definition of the directions of the projects focused on development of infrastructure and increase in investment attractiveness and innovative activity. At initiation of projects by authorities, business structures, the population and granting means from Fund, various innovative and investment directions for rural territories taking into account branch specialization of areas and assessment of their requirements will develop. The method of improvement of social infrastructure of the village leans on the tools leading to improvement of infrastructure of municipal units depending on their territorial and branch accessory, level of financing of the social sphere and providing social and engineering infrastructure with objects. The structural and institutional method assumes improvement of management of sustainable development of rural territories and ensuring optimization of decision-making at all levels.
Economic Evaluation of the Production Efficiency of Chemical Substances and Chemical Products in Russia and in the Kemerovskaya Oblast
Authors: Konshina O A , Kiryukhina A N , Seklecova O V
Published: April 2020

Development of chemical industry in Russia is determined by the availability of the essential national resource sectors. The economic growth rate in the Russian economy depends on the efficient production of chemical substances and chemical products. Fluctuations of financial indicators for the chemical production in Russia in 2012-2017 show a positive trend. The development of the sector as a whole is subsequently affected by economic indicators of individual businesses in the regions. The Kemerovskaya oblast is one of the leading regions in terms of chemical substance and chemical product manufacturing with six chemical businesses operating there. Kemerovo Joint Stock Company Azot is in top five nitrogenous fertiliser manufacturers in Russia accounting for 1/3 of the total caprolactam produced in Russia. The economic efficiency evaluation of the Azot KJSC was conducted. The analysis of the performance of the business based on the processed public accounting data allowed to identify the critical points and growth drivers, the positive trends in enhancing the efficiency of a business and overcoming the crisis (negative net revenues in 2015). Better economic performance of a business finds its expression in the growing output, revenues, profit, rate of return and higher average annual cost of the capital assets The analysis showed that the trend within the chemical industry in the region is similar to the one on the national level.
Smart Cities in GCC: Comparative Study of Economic Dimension
Authors: Asmyatullin R R , Tyrkba Kh V , Ruzina E I
Published: April 2020

Due to high level of urbanization and economic growth rate of GCC countries the issues of smart cities development are becoming increasingly important for this region. The goal of this paper is to set a number of economic components that can influence the design, implementation and use of smart cities initiatives in GCC. The authors analyse the current strategies of smart cities in 6 countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE). As part of economic dimension authors analyse public expenditure on R&D, on education, national income, GDP growth rate in order to figure out challenges and prospects of developing smart cities in GCC
Innovation and Technological Development of the Feed Industry
Authors: Cheremushkin I V , Zaveva O V , Apalichina O A
Published: April 2020

This paper dwells upon the key factors of innovation and technological development in the feed industry. Today’s livestock farming builds upon feed use. When livestock is crammed in a small area while living on industrially made feed alone, its health, metabolism, and productivity degrade. The proposed technology for making well-composed feed blocks will boost the profits from selling the products while also improving the daily average weight gain in cattle. The obtained data are in favor of adding the feed additive to the cattle nutrition.
Strategic Change in the Enterprise: Foresight and Management
Authors: Merzlikina G S , Kozhanova T E
Published: April 2020

Mobility, flexibility for a change and innovations implementation are key features of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, unstable external and internal environments require developing more complex and sophisticated management systems of the enterprise. The authors see management carried out according to changes as the optimum for small and medium-sized enterprises. It is certain managerial decision-making and implementation machinery for adequate management decisions, which helps provide insight of future trends of organization’s development, what, in its turn, ensures economic stability and sustainability of organization’s development. Strategic change management includes evaluation and monitoring of indicators in areas of enterprise activity. The authors provide a matrix of criteria and economic performance of private strategies. In order to foresee and manage strategic change a dynamic model for strategic change management is given and represented in a table and a graph. Foresight involves creating an enabling area which is formed through changes in external and internal environments. Management involves evaluation of initial condition of strategic changes implementation and setting necessary actions and processes to reach an enabling area. This survey is theoretically and practically important as methodology and tools for successful foresight and management of strategic changes is devised.
Organizational and Economic Aspects of Improving the Efficiency of Major Repairs of the Housing Stock
Authors: Kirillova A N , Musinova N N
Published: April 2020

The article provides insight into the key problems arising during the implementation of regional long-term programs for major repairs of the common property in apartment buildings (AB), including the following: poor development of financial resources and inconsistent repair works, nonobservance of repair time and failure to comply with the terms of subsequent warranty remedial work. The authors have identified a number of tasks, which, if accomplished, will make it possible to promote the efficiency of major repairs management, including the improvement of communication efficiency between residents, who own the property, Major Repairs Fund, contractors, property management companies and social structures, ensuring the application of project-based management methods, expansion of local governments authority enabling them to monitor the implementation of short-term plans of major repairs. The above tasks could already be accomplished using the existing innovation and technology solutions allowing for a complex transition to implementing smart city technologies. It is proposed to extend the AB information model, generated using the BIM process, which involves a compilation of full information about a physical object, characteristics of structural components, construction materials, building structure and physical depreciation, the major repairs project, types of work, cost, repair completion period, time schedules, etc. An improvement in the management of major repairs is associated with further refining of the engineering design policy on major repairs along with the following: development of standard design solutions regarding the scope and types of work covered by contributions from the premises owners; development of maintenance requirement cards and method statements; application of innovation-based and durable materials and structure types that would ensure a reduction in maintenance expenditure through optimizing the intermaintenance periods and wear-out characteristics; resources conservation and improvement of functional performance of residential houses. It is proposed to create three units within the Fund structure: a project office to perform building structural surveys with a view to ensure a pre-project (including instrumental) inspection of apartment buildings listed in the short-term plan of major repairs; a project office to monitor the implementation of the major repair projects in compliance with plans of previous years; a project office in charge of control over the implementation of major repairs projects for the current year. Continue to be relevant are the mechanisms of state support for co-funding the major repairs programs for those regions where the floor for minimum major repairs contribution is set at a level lower than economically feasible. The implementation procedure for the proposed measures may include a development and enactment of a regulatory legal act on amendments to regional programs of major repairs and their short-term implementation plans.
Determination of Load-Speed Modes for Fluoroplastic Seals of Rotary Shaft by Temperature Limitation
Authors: Starostin N P , Vasileva M A
Published: April 2020

Unsteady temperature field in the lip seal of rotary shaft is determined by solving axisymmetric problem of thermal conductivity. Finite element method is used to compare mathematical models of thermal process with various assumptions. At the same time, function of frictional heat generation is modeled by set of concentrated heat sources. To seal filled fluoroplast-4, the validity of assumption of removal of almost all the heat released by friction into steel shaft is shown. Calculations show that for seals operating in low temperature conditions, it is necessary to consider dependence of thermophysical properties of seal material on temperature. To determine coefficient of convective heat transfer, known formulas, that consider its dependence on the sliding speed of the shaft, are used. Method for determining the load-speed regimes of polymer seals of rotary shaft according to temperature limiting, considering dependence of thermal properties on temperature and heat transfer coefficients on the sliding speed, is proposed.
High Frequency Vibrations Arising in System Wheel-Rail. Part II. The Influence of High Frequency Vibrations on the Structure of Rail Steel M76
Authors: Gridasova E , Nikiforov P , Talskikh K
Published: April 2020

In this paper, the influence of high-frequency vibrations in the wheel-rail system is studied, the main causes of their occurrence are described, the study of the structure of M76 rail steel at operating stress levels of 700 MPa and more is given. Investigated the microstructures of samples cut from the actual rails, following the action of high-frequency loading by means of optical microscopy and micro hardness testers.
Methods for the Structural Analysis of Highly Elastic Materials
Authors: Sheromova I A , Starkova G P , Starkov S V
Published: April 2020

The object of the research is highly elastic knitted fabrics, and the subject is the method of their structural analysis. The aim of the work is to develop a new method for the analysis of the structure of elastomeric materials, which makes it possible to study the parameters of highly elastic knitted fabrics’ structure in an equilibrium and stress-strain state, taking into account the assessment of the nature of its changes during various types of influences on the material. The prospects and the possibility of applying the methods of direct observation of the material’s microstructure by means of optoelectronic microscopy and the existing technical solution for their implementation in analyzing the structure of highly elastic knitted fabrics are shown in the work. A method for determining the structural characteristics of knitted fabrics, including highly elastic ones, has been developed. The proposed technique provides a quantitative assessment of the parameters of an elastomeric knitted fabric’s structure, taking into account the actual material’s state, and its changes after external influence using the methods of mathematical morphology, morphological analysis and spectral analysis of the fabric’s microstructure images. The results of practical approbation of the proposed method suggest that its application is possible and sufficiently effective.
Research of the Sound-Absorbing Structureshape Influence on the SAS Acoustic Efficiency in the Nonlinear Operation Mode
Authors: Pisarev P V , Maksimova K A
Published: April 2020

This research is focused on the acoustic efficiency of various shapeHelmholtz resonators on non-linear operating modes, with an acoustic pressure level of 130 dB. In this work physical and mathematical models for predicting the effective acoustic properties of SAS cells are formulated. Numerical studies have been performed to assess the acoustic efficacy of honeycomb and cone-shaped sound-absorbing structures samples in an interferometer with a normal incidence of a sound wave in a nonlinear operation mode. The validation of the developed mathematical models was carried out. A comparison of the numerical calculation results with the results of laboratory studies has been carried out. According to the results of the conducted computing experiments, the most effective resonators were identified, and recommendations on the SAS design based on the most effective resonators were formulated.
Strategic Analysis of New Cities (Case Study Basmaya City - Republic of Iraq) An Analytical Study of Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat
Authors: Al-Jawari S M , Al-Mosawy S K , Al-Jabari A A , Al-Baghdadi A N
Published: April 2020

The rapid growth of cities and their inflation is a big problem, especially in the last years. this growth is accompanied by such problems like population growth, housing need, low level of services, random expansion, traffic congestion as well as pollution of the environment, which leads to a decline in the quality of life in Baghdad, the population are concentration in Baghdad therefore that leads to imbalance of development among cities and productive concentration for service projects in a mega cities, causing migration from other provinces In search of a better life.

The main objective of the new cities is to relieve pressure on major cities and guide the growth of cities. Basmaya city it’s a new city project adopted from Iraqi national investment commission, this paper aimed to strategic analysis of this city and evaluate the real situation for this project by internal environment analysis, external environment analysis in addition to measurement of performance strategic gaps.
Composite structure-based transparent ultra-broadband metamaterial absorber with multi-applications
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhang Binzhen , Duan Junping , Dong Lin , Yu Juan , Zhang Zhonghe
Published: April 2020

In this paper, an approach is proposed to realize optically transparent metamaterial absorber (OTMA) with ultra-broadband absorption properties by using composite resonant structure. The indium tin oxide (ITO) resistive film is used to construct the resonant structure to induce high ohmic loss and broaden the bandwidth of the resonances, thus achieves more than 90% absorptivity in the wide bandwidth of 8–30.3 GHz, which can cover the X and Ku bands of the airborne and surveillance radar signal frequencies. The novelty of designed structure lies in the properties of larger absorption bandwidth (covering X, Ku, K and part of Ka bands), lower thickness, and absorption capacity over a wide range of incident angles. Moreover, by replacing the intermediate air spacer with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dielectrics, the OTMAs that can be used for conformal applications and rigid window glass of stealth armament are designed. This strategy provides more flexibility for the applications of broadband OTMA in different occasions, and has potential application prospects in radar stealth system, EM shielding and transparent RF equipment fields. The average optical transmittance of the whole structure in the visible light range exceeds 78%.
Dörfler marking with minimal cardinality is a linear complexity problem
Authors: Pfeiler Carl-Martin , Praetorius Dirk
Published: April 2020

Most adaptive finite element strategies employ the Dörfler marking strategy to single out certain elements

M

⊆

T

\mathcal {M} \subseteq \mathcal {T}

of a triangulation

T

\mathcal {T}

for refinement. In the literature, different algorithms have been proposed to construct

M

\mathcal {M}

, where usually two goals compete. On the one hand,

M

\mathcal {M}

should contain a minimal number of elements. On the other hand, one aims for linear costs with respect to the cardinality of

T

\mathcal {T}

. Unlike expected in the literature, we formulate and analyze an algorithm, which constructs a minimal set

M

\mathcal {M}

at linear costs. Throughout, pseudocodes are given.
Phenotypic diversity assessment within a major ex situ collection of wild endemic coffees in Madagascar
Authors: Rimlinger Aurore , Raharimalala Nathalie , Letort Véronique , Rakotomalala Jean-Jacques , Crouzillat Dominique , Guyot Romain , Hamon Perla , Sabatier Sylvie
Published: April 2020

Background and Aims

Like other clades, the Coffea genus is highly diversified on the island of Madagascar. The 66 endemic species have colonized various environments and consequently exhibit a wide diversity of morphological, functional and phenological features and reproductive strategies. The trends of interspecific trait variation, which stems from interactions between genetically defined species and their environment, still needed to be addressed for Malagasy coffee trees.

Methods

Data acquisition was done in the most comprehensive ex situ collection of Madagascan wild Coffea. The structure of endemic wild coffees maintained in an ex situ collection was explored in terms of morphological, phenological and functional traits. The environmental (natural habitat) effect was assessed on traits in species from distinct natural habitats. Phylogenetic signal (Pagel’s λ, Blomberg’s K) was used to quantify trait proximities among species according to their phylogenetic relatedness.

Key Results

Despite the lack of environmental difference in the ex situ collection, widely diverging phenotypes were observed. Phylogenetic signal was found to vary greatly across and even within trait categories. The highest values were exhibited by the ratio of internode mass to leaf mass, the length of the maturation phase and leaf dry matter content (ratio of dry leaf mass to fresh leaf mass). By contrast, traits weakly linked to phylogeny were either constrained by the original natural environment (leaf size) or under selective pressures (phenological traits).

Conclusions

This study gives insight into complex patterns of trait variability found in an ex situ collection, and underlines the opportunities offered by living ex situ collections for research characterizing phenotypic variation.
Towards a Theory of Innovation Governance and the Role of IPRs
Authors: Granstrand Ove
Published: April 2020

This paper theorizes about innovation governance, especially about governance of open innovation and the nature and role of IPRs. A reinterpretation of open innovation is offered in terms of the emergence of various types of markets for inputs to and outputs from innovative activities. These open innovation markets are typically markets for ideas, technologies, knowledge and data such as licensing markets, equity markets, and matching markets for innovation collaborations and correspond to various types of open innovation strategies viewed from the inside out in a focal firm's perspective. Open innovation – seen as a set of quasi-integrated organizational forms for innovative activities in between market and hierarchical firm organizations – is then explainable in terms of determinants of supply and demand. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) then play a new role as tools for innovation governance, thereby economizing on governance costs in an extended transaction cost framework. Licensing of usage rights is key to using IPRs for innovation governance. The by now standard property rights approach to rights in intellectual resources has to be challenged, however, and referred to as ‘intellectual rights’ rather than IPRs. In addition, the governing role of IPRs can be improved by combining them with liabilities into a hybrid approach. Organizational responsibilities provide still another institutional arrangement for innovation governance, and integration of rights, liabilities and responsibilities provide a new theoretical perspective on innovation governance – a perspective that also can provide links between organization theory, transaction cost economics and property rights theory.
The Value of Standardized Technology to Connected Cars
Authors: Arya Sunil
Published: April 2020

Connected cars have become a reality for consumers, who can benefit from mobility, safety, entertainment and other applications in their cars. Such connectivity requires interoperability enabled by technical standards. The innovative technologies incorporated in standards are often protected by patents, which are typically accessible on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms. This paper will explore the costs for automobile manufacturers to access the standardized technology they wish to incorporate in their connected cars and the price that customers pay for such technology.
Two Cyclopropyl Fentanyl Case Studies in Los Angeles
Authors: Castellino Courtney , Van Cleve Danielle , Cabrera Rubi
Published: April 2020

Illicit fentanyl occurrence in Los Angeles, California has increased along with the emergence of several fentanyl analogs (fentalogs). The following two case studies address the original identification of cyclopropyl fentanyl in cases investigated by the Los Angeles County Department of Medical Examiner—Coroner in the summer of 2017. In the first case study, cyclopropyl fentanyl was the only drug detected in the decedent’s system and was also identified in medical evidence collected at the death scene. Medical evidence is classified as any medical device, prescription(s), drug(s) and/or paraphernalia collected by the Los Angeles Medical Examiner—Coroner. The decedent in the second case study had multiple drugs present in combination with 14 ng/mL of cyclopropyl fentanyl. However, cyclopropyl fentanyl was not identified in any of the collected medical evidence. Both deaths were classified as accidental due to effects of cyclopropyl fentanyl (and/or other drugs). Due to limitations in screening methodology, it is possible to overlook fentalogs. Therefore, it is important to be hyper vigilant when assessing negative toxicology results or when many other drugs are also found. Maintaining adequate and up-to-date library databases, along with constant drug monitoring, and validation of new methodologies can help identify Novel Psychoactive Substances as they emerge. However, many of the fentalogs are only prevalent for a short amount of time as they are constantly changing to avoid detection and criminality. No other fatal cyclopropyl fentanyl cases have been identified in Los Angeles County Medical Examiner—Coroner cases since the fall 2017.
The Politico-Economic Dynamics of China’s Growth
Authors: Wang Yikai
Published: April 2020

China’s rapid growth has been driven by policy reforms that significantly reduce market frictions. Policy reforms are determined by the government according to its own politico-economic considerations. This paper embeds these politico-economic considerations in a macro model of China to endogenously study government policies, market frictions, and economic growth. In the model, an elite runs the government and maximizes its own incomes, facing a political constraint: getting enough supporters. The government provides high enough incomes to state workers in order to gain their support. It also controls capital allocations in the state and the private sector to balance between keeping enough supporters and extracting more taxes from the private sector. These policies initially generate rapid growth accompanied by declining labor and capital market frictions but in the long run, keep the frictions persistent, which are harmful to growth. The calibrated model can quantitatively account for salient aspects of China’s recent development and provide predictions for future dynamics.
The subformula property of natural deduction derivations and analytic cuts
Authors: Borisavljević Mirjana
Published: April 2020

In derivations of a sequent system, $\mathcal{L}\mathcal{J}$, and a natural deduction system, $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{J}$, the trails of formulae and the subformula property based on these trails will be defined. The derivations of $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{J}$ and $\mathcal{L}\mathcal{J}$ will be connected by the map $g$, and it will be proved the following: an $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{J}$-derivation is normal $\Longleftrightarrow $ it has the subformula property based on trails $\Longleftrightarrow $ its $g$-image in $\mathcal{L}\mathcal{J}$ is without maximum cuts $\Longrightarrow $ that $g$-image has the subformula property based on trails. In $\mathcal{L}\mathcal{J}$-derivations, another type of cuts, sub-cuts, will be introduced, and it will be proved the following: all cuts of an $\mathcal{L}\mathcal{J}$-derivation are sub-cuts $\Longleftrightarrow $ it has the subformula property based on trails.
The Rural Woman Enters the Frame: A Visual History of Gender, Nation, and the Goodbye Mate in the Postcolonial Río de la Plata
Authors: Pite Rebekah E
Published: April 2020

Around the turn of the twentieth century, the image of a rural woman handing a gaucho on horseback a drink before he trotted away began to circulate with increasing frequency in the Río de la Plata region. The drink the woman passed the man was the local infusion yerba mate, and, in earlier illustrations, it had been served by another man. This gendered shift occurred alongside a dramatic expansion of common peoples’ access to images via photographs and postcards. Tracing the social and visual history of the goodbye mate ritual from the early nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth reveals the quotidian manner in which locals in this region constructed, consumed, and circulated overlapping visions of their nations. As the gaucho become a popular and contested national symbol in Argentina and Uruguay alike, the rural woman (then referred to as la china, but now largely unnamed) became a local one whose faithfulness to the gaucho and, by extension, the nation, was coveted by men across the sociopolitical divide. This article is, on the one hand, a microhistory of the goodbye mate ritual and, on the other, an argument about how centering visual sources and marginal figures, like the china, allows us to better understand the historical and hierarchical construction of national identities and icons.
The Evolutionary Forces Shaping Cis- and Trans-Regulation of Gene Expression within a Population of Outcrossing Plants
Authors: Josephs Emily B , Lee Young Wha , Wood Corlett W , Schoen Daniel J , Wright Stephen I , Stinchcombe John R
Published: April 2020

Understanding the persistence of genetic variation within populations has long been a goal of evolutionary biology. One promising route toward achieving this goal is using population genetic approaches to describe how selection acts on the loci associated with trait variation. Gene expression provides a model trait for addressing the challenge of the maintenance of variation because it can be measured genome-wide without information about how gene expression affects traits. Previous work has shown that loci affecting the expression of nearby genes (local or cis-eQTLs) are under negative selection, but we lack a clear understanding of the selective forces acting on variants that affect the expression of genes in trans. Here, we identify loci that affect gene expression in trans using genomic and transcriptomic data from one population of the obligately outcrossing plant, Capsella grandiflora. The allele frequencies of trans-eQTLs are consistent with stronger negative selection acting on trans-eQTLs than cis-eQTLs, and stronger negative selection acting on trans-eQTLs associated with the expression of multiple genes. However, despite this general pattern, we still observe the presence of a trans-eQTL at intermediate frequency that affects the expression of a large number of genes in the same coexpression module. Overall, our work highlights the different selective pressures shaping variation in cis- and trans-regulation.