bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All optical divergence and gradient operators using surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Mohammadi Hadi , Akbari Mahmood , Khavasi Amin
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we propose a plasmonic structure based on Kretschmann configuration capable of performing various computational tasks, i.e. two dimensional isotropic differentiation, gradient and divergence computation. By means of two polarizers, a non-trivial topological charge can be generated in the transfer function of the structure thereby implementing a two dimensional differentiator. By using only one polarizer, on the other hand, the structure is able to compute either the gradient of the field distribution of a polarized light beam or the divergence of the field of an unpolarized light beam. The performance of the proposed structure in two dimensional differentiation has been assessed and compared with its other counterparts by a figure of merit introduced in [Opt. Express 28, 898 (2020)10.1364/OE.379492]. The result proves the dominance of our two-dimensional differentiator over similar works in the literature.
Experimental observation of Berreman modes in an uniaxial anisotropic nanoporous alumina film on aluminum substrate
Authors: Pratap Dheeraj , Kumar Pradhan Jitendra , Anantha Ramakrishna S.
Published: April 2022

In this Letter, we demonstrate experimentally and verify numerically the excitation of Berreman modes that propagate in a dielectric film of uniaxial anisotropic nanoporous alumina grown on an aluminum substrate. It is an air–dielectric–metal asymmetric polaritonic system with a real part of the effective permittivity having a value near zero. The modes are excited at a wavelength lower than the epsilon-near-zero wavelength region. Minimum reflection is observed for the mid-infrared p-polarized light, while maximum reflection is observed for the s-polarized light. The experimental results are numerically reproduced for both p- and s-polarized light and confirm the excitation of Berreman modes in the system. At the exciting wavelength, the field is confined in the dielectric region near the air–dielectric interface. The reported system is straightforward and can be easily fabricated over a large scale and is helpful in a variety of mid-infrared applications such as thermal management systems, sensors, passive radiative cooling devices, nonlinear applications, and terahertz frequency generation.
Berbamine hydrochloride potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking S protein-mediated membrane fusion
Authors: Zhang Zhe-Rui , Zhang Ya-Nan , Zhang Hong-Qing , Zhang Qiu-Yan , Li Na , Li Qi , Deng Cheng-Lin , Zhang Bo , Li Xiao-Dan , Ye Han-Qing
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has posed a significant threat to global public health since its outbreak in late 2019. Although there are a few drugs approved for clinical treatment to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection currently, the severity of the ongoing global pandemic still urges the efforts to discover new antiviral compounds. As the viral spike (S) protein plays a key role in mediating virus entry, it becomes a potential target for the design of antiviral drugs against COVID-19. Here, we tested the antiviral activity of berbamine hydrochloride, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that berbamine hydrochloride could efficiently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in different cell lines. Further experiments showed berbamine hydrochloride inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting the viral entry into host cells. Moreover, berbamine hydrochloride and other bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids could potently inhibit S-mediated cell-cell fusion. Furthermore, molecular docking results implied that the berbamine hydrochloride could bind to the post fusion core of SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit. Therefore, berbamine hydrochloride may represent a potential efficient antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Communities in world input-output network: Robustness and rankings
Authors: Kireyev Alexei , Leonidov Andrey , Radionov Stanislav , Vasilyeva Ekaterina
Published: April 2022

We introduce a method for assessing the robustness of community detection and apply it to a world input-output network (WION) to obtain economically plausible results. This method enabled us to rank communities in the WION in terms of their robustness and stability. The algorithmic assignment variability index proposed in this study is shown to have predictive power in terms of forthcoming community rearrangement. We also provide several new approaches for identifying key economic communities. These approaches are based on the application of several centrality measures to a synthetic network in which nodes represent WION communities. Using these methods, we show that in 2000–2014, United States and Japan-centered communities demonstrated decreasing trends, while the importance of the China-centered community predominantly increased. A notable feature of the Germany-centered community rank evolution is that its influence grew only as a result of the inclusion of the Netherlands and Belgium in 2013.
Grey sweatpants and the #Challenge: Recuperating the Black penis
Authors: Centrone Brian
Published: April 2022

The social media-based #GraySweatpantsChallenge called for men to don a pair of grey sweatpants and share photos of how well the garment showed off their endowments. The accessibility and current social acceptance of sweatpants as a stylized garment allowed men of all races and classes to participate in the challenge. The Black men who participated received significant amounts of likes, shares and comments from female spectators who openly expressed their appreciation of the images on social media. This garnered the attention of predominantly White men who quickly co-opted the challenge by posting self-images with absurdly large objects shoved into their grey sweatpants. Although many people found these photos to be amusing, the takeover can be viewed as an extension of the scopic dismemberment of the Black penis that is connected to lynching photographs in the nineteenth century and to the myth of the ‘big Black dick’. Part fear and part fantasy, this myth is responsible for the continued fetishization and symbolic castration of the Black penis which can be seen in the creation of art images (particularly those by Robert Mapplethorpe), and racialized pornography (specifically gay). The #GraySweatpantsChallenge photos, however, do provide an opportunity for Black men to attempt a recuperation of the penises that had been literally and symbolically stolen from them for three centuries.
Face first: Way Bandy, cosmetics and AIDS
Authors: O’Connell Mark Joseph
Published: April 2022

This article explores the design work and life of the New York based make-up artist Way Bandy. The beauty iconography created by Bandy is an important cultural record as it was imbricated within the larger glamour tropes of the 1970s and the draped, dancing luxury of disco divahood (explored through practice-led research in this article as well). Modes of dress, display and deportment often reflect much larger societal messages and meanings, and I would include the creation and presentation of the contemporaneous face within this cultural mythmaking. Make-up and cosmetics are vital components of that potent matrix, and Way Bandy designed the beauty aesthetic that reflected the sensual glamour of the disco era: glistening lips, alluring beckoning eyes and liquid silhouettes all echoed the promises of liberatory ease and an empowered sexuality for anyone who dared. His engagement with cosmetics was far more than ‘skin deep’ though, as he also engaged with the holistic and therapeutic roots of his artform: cosmetics (a history also explored in this article). Unfortunately, as one of the first fashion celebrities whom we lost to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), his life also must stand as a tragic metonymic of his troubled times, and the theoretical explorations of Susan Sontag from AIDS as Metaphor are included as a way of analysing the application of epidemiological meanings and the consequences of those processes. Ultimately, this research seeks to reclaim the importance of the Bandy legacy as his oeuvre was marginalized after his death, as happened with so many brilliant designers and artists whose deaths from AIDS overshadowed truly amazing careers.
Pharmacometrics versus toxicometrics: (dys)similarities?
Authors: PRAET Antonin , GESTIN Ophelia , LOPES Christelle , CHARLES Sandrine
Published: April 2022

Whether one develops work in the field of pharmacology or in the field of toxicology, one can identify many points of both convergence and discrepancies. This is what this presentation proposes to highlight by identifying in these two major research areas what can be considered as similar or not in terms of questioning, hypotheses, mechanisms, experimental considerations, as well as modelling approaches. We will especially focus on quantitative approaches in both fields leading to either pharmacometrics or toxicometrics, that is methods in support of decision making either by health care personnel in the field of pharmacology, or by regulatory agencies in risk assessment in the field of environmental toxicology. Our comparison of quantitative approaches in pharmacology and toxicology will be based on two concrete examples. The first one comes from pharmacology and more specifically from the use of pharmacometrics on anti-infective agents employed in treatment of cystic fibrosis to better determine the right dose of antibiotics to use accounting for the between-individual variability. The second one comes from ecotoxicology where toxicometrics are used to assess environmental risks on freshwater invertebrates when they are exposed to heavy metals accounting for internal contamination routes. For both examples, kinetics modelling frameworks as recently developed will be presented and compared in their (dys)similarities.
fragmentação do território original do quilombo morro São João, município de Santa Rosa-TO
Authors: Kallinne Cândido dos Santos Nayara , Ribeiro Lira Elizeu
Published: April 2022

Analisar a fragmentação do território quilombola afrodescendente Morro São João, município de Santa Rosa do Tocantins e a partir dos fatos, delimitar o seu território original, compreendido pelas fazendas, Morro São João, Roma, São Felipe, Barreira das Catas e Santa Rosa com base num referencial teórico direcionado ao estudo quilombola, cujos procedimentos metodológicos foram de cunho qualitativo, com análises comparativas. Conforme documentos escriturais emitidos pelo Cartório de Natividade foi possível chegar à uma áreas de aproximadamente 6.300 a. (seis mil e trezentos alqueires) de terras pertencentes ao quilombo Morro São João. Cabe ainda estudos posteriores para melhor elucidação desse território.

Palavras-chaves: Território original. Fragmentação. Quilombo. Morro são João.
Paisagem pastoril
Authors: Monteblanco Felipe Leindecker , De David Cesar
Published: April 2022

No presente artigo, realizamos uma geografia retrospectiva do Pampa brasileiro na escala do Sudoeste Gaúcho, exercício através do qual enxergamos sua face historicamente construída: a paisagem pastoril, uma paisagem agrária. Desvelamos uma obra com origem moderno-colonial, mas que, por fundada na extensividade, foi sendo rotulada como “excessivamente entregue à natureza”, “arcaica” ou “pré-capitalista”. Observamos uma herança secular da pecuária extensiva que agora sucumbe rapidamente ao avanço da soja. Um patrimônio territorial e agrário que é agora reduzido a remanescentes, confinados em geografias refratárias a usos hegemônicos. Redutos estes, que, por outro lado, veem crescer formas de valorização do diverso e do singular, na esteira das próprias sequelas deixadas pelo “intensivismo” e pelos processos de massificação globalizantes.
Identifying Factors That Influence Physical Activity Promotion in Outpatient Physical Therapist Practice Using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Rethorn Zachary D. , Covington J. Kyle , Cook Chad E. , Bezner Janet R.
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose:

Physical activity (PA) promotion is not routine practice for physical therapists. Understanding the PA promotion beliefs of physical therapists may offer targets for behavior change interventions to improve PA promotion. The purpose of this study was to explore outpatient US physical therapists' beliefs about PA promotion and determine which Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) domains can inform implementation efforts.

Methods:

We used a descriptive qualitative research design. A TDF-based interview guide was developed to identify beliefs about PA promotion. Twenty-six outpatient US physical therapists (13 regular PA promoters and 13 irregular PA promoters) completed semistructured interviews. Directed content analysis identified specific beliefs by grouping similar belief statements. Specific beliefs were mapped to TDF domains.

Results and Discussion:

Five TDF domains were identified as likely relevant to changing physical therapists' PA promotion behaviors. Key beliefs within those domains included conflicting comments about PA guidelines being evidence based, a lack of confidence to promote PA due to perceived deficits in communication skills, and time constraints as key barriers. Beliefs about improving PA promotion included incorporating screening for baseline PA and continuing education targeting confidence and communication.

Conclusions:

We identified key beliefs that influence outpatient US physical therapists' PA promotion. These beliefs identify targets for behavior change interventions to improve PA promotion rates among outpatient US physical therapists including incorporating baseline screening for PA and the development of continuing education training programs.
Smooth symmetric bilinear forms on ${\mathcal L}_s(^2l_{\infty}^2)$
Authors: Kim Sung Guen
Published: April 2022

In [Carpathian Math. Publ. 2020, 12 (2), 340-352], the author classified the extreme points and exposed points of the unit ball of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on the space ${\mathcal L}_s(^2l_{\infty}^2)$, where ${\mathcal L}_s(^2l_{\infty}^2)$ is the space of symmetric bilinear forms on the plane with the supremum norm. Motivated by this paper, we classify the smooth points of the unit ball of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on ${\mathcal L}_s(^2l_{\infty}^2).$
The modern Ukrainian academic linguistic stylistics: A strategy of the integrative development
Authors:   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Iermolenko Svitlana , Bybyk Svitlana ,   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kots′ Tetiana ,   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Siuta Halyna ,   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Hanzha Anhelina ,   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: April 2022

This article offers an analytical review of the Department of Stylistics, Culture of Language, and Sociolinguistics’ study outcomes in 1991—2021. It focuses on the publications with the expanded linguo-stylistic analysis and the developing of the terminological system of Ukrainian stylistics. The authors reinterpret a term style and concept of language culture and outline the contribution to the development of structural stylistics, i.e., linguistic text analysis, and interpretive stylistics from the Department staff also naming major studies which determined the connection of linguistic stylistics with the history of Standard Ukrainian and establishing the significant role of historical stylistics. Being determined by the view of language as a system of signs the structural approach in linguistic stylistics dominated at early stages the Ukrainian stylistics formation. The paper advances a new idea regarding the fluidity of the modern system of functional styles and the need to revise and restructure their socially significant hierarchy with respect to the linguo-cultural and communicative-pragmatic reinterpretation of integrative linguo-stylistics. The interdisciplinary aspects of functional-stylistic and genre-stylistic researches are the following: linguoculturology, linguofolkloristics, linguosophy, linguopersonology, linguoconflictology, discourseology, media stylistics, legal linguistics, psycholinguistics, ethnolinguistics, and linguistic expertise. The conclusion evaluates the digital methods to process texts in Standard Ukrainian and the need to create lexicographic sources of stylistic terminology and expand the aspects of stylistic lexicography. Keywords: linguo-stylistics, style, culture of language, norm, interdisciplinarity, research method, integrative linguo-stylistics
The development of the language situation in the field of e-commerce in Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Hontar Maryna
Published: April 2022

This article examines the current development of the language situation in the field of electron- ic commerce (e-commerce) in Ukraine being impacted by the language legislation which regulates the use of languages in e-commerce. The study focuses on two time periods of the use of Ukrainian and Russian languages in online stores, that is, 2018 — the 1st half of 2019 and 2021. The language used in the field of e-commerce is regulated by the On E-Commerce Law (2015) and the On Ensuring the Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as the State Language Law (2019), and the language situation in e-commerce is characterized by the Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism with a predominance of the Russian language. There is a large number of on-line stores in Russian which websites will not feature in the official language. The exceptionsencompass the most popular and most visited online stores aiming for customers from all regions of Ukraine and, therefore, supporting bilingual websites. The Ukrainian language is mostoften used by online stores whose products refer either to the national idea, e.g., embroidery shops, patriotic and national symbols clothing or to the owners’ civic pro-Ukrainian position manifested. The predominance of Russian was established as an outcome of the long-term non-interference language policy of the state in the e-commerce sector. However, the analyzed data reflect some positive changes in the online stores’ linguistic representation, e.g., Ukrainian-language versions added to the significant number of the websites in 2021 and the numbering is rising. Imposing the e-commerce websites in the Ukrainian version, the language law is a major cause of the e-commerce language situation change. Keywords: sociolinguistics, bilingualism, linguistic situation, e-commerce, Ukrainian, Russian
Expected compressive strength in precast, prestressed concrete design: Review and discussion of regional practice
Authors: Mante David M. , Isbiliroglu Levent , Hofrichter Andric , Barnes Robert W. , Schindler Anton K.
Published: April 2022

Accurate estimates of expected concrete compres­sive strength are critical for designers to predict the deformational behavior of precast, prestressed concrete elements such as camber, deflections, and prestress losses. To explore the difference between specified and expected concrete compressive strength for Alabama bridge girders, a compressive strength data set repre­senting 1887 girder production events was collected. The average measured concrete compressive strength for Alabama girders was 33% greater than the specified strength at prestress transfer and 59% greater than the specified 28-day strength. Available empirical strength prediction methods derived for other U.S. regions did not accurately represent the Alabama data. The most promising candidates for prediction methodologies for expected compressive strength were models based on guidance from the American Concrete Institute Committee 214 for the prediction of expected strength at prestress transfer and models based on concrete strength-growth modeling to predict 28-day strength.
Analisis Sensitivitas dan Kestabilan Global Model Pengendalian Tuberkulosis dengan Vaksinasi, Latensi dan Perawatan Infeksi
Authors: Amatillah Della Isna , Ilahi Fadilah , Khumaeroh Mia Siti
Published: April 2022

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis which attacks the lungs. Tuberculosis or TB is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate in the world. In this article, we will examine the sensitivity and global stability analysis of the tuberculosis control model with vaccination, latency and infection treatment. In this model, the population is divided into 5 compartments, namely the immunized population (M), susceptible population (S), infected population with latent TB (L), infected population with active TB (I) and the recovered population (R).  The equilibrium point, local and global stability, basic reproduction number R0 is analyzed along with sensitivity analysis to see the effect of parameter values on the basic reproduction number R0. From the analysis and simulation result, it is found that there are two parameters that have the most influence on the spread of tuberculosis, namely the recovery rate of latent TB and the infection rate of active TB. If the recovery rate of latent TB is higher than the infection rate of active TB infection, then the disease will gradually disappear from the population, whereas if the recovery rate of latent TB is lower than the infection rate of active TB, the disease will spread within the population.
Anatomy of a Destruction
Authors: Zuckerman Sharon
Published: April 2022

Destruction levels, a recurring feature in ancient Near Eastern tell sites, are too often treated as isolated events. Recent scholarship on the formation processes of the archaeological record stresses the need to understand site destructions as part of long-term processes, rather than as isolated and unique events. This paper offers a model for studying destruction based on the concepts of the materialization of ritual and royal ideology. The identification of crisis architecture and termination rituals is used to shed new light on the activities taking place at the site prior to its final destruction and abandonment. This model is applied to the destruction of Canaanite Hazor at the end of the Late Bronze Age, and provides an alternative view of this event as a result of social, political, cultural and ideological circumstances rather than as an isolated event, stressing the role of internal socio-economic and ideological factors rather than external agents.
La vida del clero parroquial en la España moderna
Authors: Barrio-Gozalo Maximiliano
Published: April 2022

En este artículo sobre la vida del clero parroquial en la España Moderna me limito a hacer una breve reflexión sobre cuatro puntos: el acceso a la carrera beneficial, los aspectos sociológicos, la forma de vida y la situación económica.
El espacio arquitectónico privado del clero secular en la Nueva España
Authors: Martínez-Rodríguez María-Angélica
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es aportar noticias sobre la vida personal del clero secular urbano novohispano en el siglo XVII. Se estudia el caso de dos clérigos que desarrollaron sus actividades en localidades caracterizadas por su singularidad dentro de la geografía del virreinato: el puerto de Acapulco, ciudad fuertemente marcada por el comercio de la nao de la China, y Durango, remota capital de la Nueva Vizcaya y sede del obispado. A partir de sus disposiciones testamentarias y otros documentos, se ha reconstruido el espacio arquitectónico en donde desarrollaron sus actividades personales, así como su entorno, medios de subsistencia y relaciones sociales.
«Los curas no sean codiciosos». Las actividades lucrativas del clero secular peruano y la normatividad eclesiástica (siglos XVI-XVII)
Authors: De-la-Cerda Gabriela
Published: April 2022

Las prácticas mercantiles del clero en las doctrinas de indios eran observadas por la Iglesia peruana como una actividad que iba en detrimento de la vida pastoral y del proceso de evangelización. Frente a esta situación, la legislación eclesiástica buscó medidas para erradicar lo que se consideraba como uno de los problemas más graves de esas tierras. En el presente artículo se pretende analizar la problemática del clero mercader en el arzobispado de Lima y las vías de solución que propusieron los sínodos y concilios peruanos durante los siglos XVI y XVII.
Innate and acquired immunity indices in assessing the clinical severity of patients with childhood schizophrenia
Authors: Androsova L. V. , Simashkova N. V. , Shushpanova O. V. , Otman I. N. , Zozulya S. A. , Shushpanova T. V. , Klushnik T. P.
Published: April 2022

The results of previous studies suggest pathogenetic role of immune system in the development of schizophrenia. Examination of adolescent and young adult schizophrenic patients showed that the activity/ level of distinct parameters of innate and acquired immunity correlates with acuity and severity of pathological process in the brain. Presumably, evaluation of immune system characteristics in patients with childhood schizophrenia, concerning severity of their clinical symptoms, along with potential therapeutic aspect, may be the basis for early diagnosis of these conditions, and monitoring and prognosis of the further progression of the disease. The objective of our study was to compare clinical and immunological indices in children with schizophrenia to analyze the possibility of using these parameters for determination of the degree of activity of the pathological process. Sixty-two patients (39 boys and 23 girls) from 4 to 17 years of age with childhood schizophrenia were examined. Psychopathological and psychometric methods (PANSS and CGI-S scales) were used to assess mental state of the patients. Immunological parameters were determined in blood serum taken by fingerprick. Activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and a1-proteinase inhibitor (a1-PI) was determined by spectrophotometric method. To determine the level of autoantibodies to S-100B and MBP, we used enzyme immunoassay. The study revealed activation of innate (by activity of LE and a1-PI) and acquired (by the level of autoantibodies to S-100B and MBP neuroantigens) immunity markers in blood serum of children with schizophrenia. Correlation analysis showed the significant positive correlation between complex evaluation of activation level of the immune system and severity of the patients’ state on the CGI-S scale (r = 0.64, p < 0.0001), as well as severity of negative symptoms according to the PANSS scale (r = 0.34, p = 0.0077). The revealed correlations suggest an opportunity for using immunological parameters (LE and a1-PI activity, and antibodies to neuroantigens), as the additional laboratory criteria for the assessment of clinical state in patients with childhood schizophrenia.
Metabolic changes of lymphocytes in a rat model of autoimmunity
Authors: Skupnevsky S. V. , Pukhaeva E. G. , Badtiev A. K. , Rurua F. K. , Batagova F. E. , Farnieva Z. G.
Published: April 2022

Autoimmune diseases are highly prevalent in humans, being characterized by early onset and high risks of disability, thus determining the relevance of the present work and its aim, i.e., studying metabolic characteristics of lymphocytes upon the adjuvant-induced autoimmune disorder in rats. Modeling of the autoimmune process was performed in Wistar rats by subcutaneous administration of a Freund’s complete adjuvant, i.e., water-oil emulsion with heat-killed M. tuberculosis. Hematology testing (complete blood counts), biochemical markers (hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase), and cytobiochemical changes in lymphocytes (lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase; LDH, SDH) were followed in dynamics. X-ray examination was performed at the end of the experiment. At the initial stage of autoimmune arthritis (2 weeks), leukocytosis was registered (26.12±2.30 × 109/L, i.e., 65% over the controls, p < 0.01), thrombocytosis (675±30 × 109/L, compared with 536±27 × 109/L in controls, p < 0.01), and oxidative stress were also observed (hydroperoxides increased by 7%, and MDA, by 32%, p < 0.001); energy levels of the lymphocytes increased due to activation of LDH by 6.5%, and SDH, by 49% against the controls. At chronic stage of the disorder (7 weeks), the systemic inflammation was milder (total WBC counts of 19.6±1.40 × 109/L, compared with 13.68±0.86 × 109 /L in controls, p < 0.01, associated with shift to the right in differential conuts), along with persisting oxidative stress (MDA exceeds the control levels by 37%; decrease in catalase activity), and lower LDH activity in lymphocytes (by 43%, p < 0.01) associated by their decrease in size (the correlation quotient between the lymphocyte radius and LDH activity is rxy= 0.87). Profound molecular changes were observed in the cell energy supply: the respiratory quotient for control animals (LDH/SDH ratio) varied within 4.6-5.0. Meanwhile, in autoimmune animals, metabolic contribution of glycolysis showed a significant decrease (the quotient of 3.2 by the 2ndweek, and 2.4 by the 7thweek). On the radiograph by 7thweek, the experimental animals show uneven joint space narrowing, cyst-like formations and subchondral sclerosis of the bone heads. Autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis in rats is characterized by metabolic disorders of lymphocytes manifesting as general energy deficiency, and imbalance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. These findings allow of deeper insight into pathogenesis and suggesting further search for molecular targeted therapy and prevention of the disease.
Impact of herbal supplements nowadays: an overview
Authors: Ramirez L. I. , Kanwugu O. N. , Ivantsova M. N.
Published: April 2022

At present, people around the world are looking for more natural alternatives for treating all kinds of health conditions as well as improving the general wellbeing. As such, the consumption of herbal supplements has increased globally, generating billions in revenue. The use of these herbal products is firmly rooted in the traditional use of medicinal plants for disease prevention and treatment, practiced in several cultures. Although herbal products are recognized by the WHO as an essential component of the healthcare system, there have been increasing concerns regarding their quality and safety. Generally, herbal products are not strictly regulated as they are largely categorized under dietary supplements, thus escaping the rigorous scrutiny meted out to pharmaceuticals. Notwithstanding that many consumers generally perceive herbal products as benign and inherently safe, several reports have shown that herbal products can induce mild to acute adverse effects of clinical significance. Moreover, some herbal products on the market have been reported to be contaminated with microorganisms, environmental toxins, and adulterants. Furthermore, evidence regarding the efficacy of herbal supplements is extremely discrepant.
Double Names in the Oikonymy of Belozerye: Evolution and Reconstruction Issues (Based on Lists of Settlements and Fieldwork Data)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Makarova Anna A.
Published: April 2022

In the official lists of settlements of the second half of the 19th — early 20th century, there are so-called double names, the second name usually given in parentheses after the first one. In the article, such double names are compared with the modern system of double (simultaneously existing) names of settlements identified during the fieldwork in the second half of the 20th — early 21st century. The phenomenon of double names is considered on the example of Belozerye — a vast territory corresponding to the Belozersk Principality within the borders of the 14th century, reconstructed by A. I. Kopanev based on the study of the land tenure system. Historical data were extracted from the settlements lists of the specified territory for the Vytegorsky, Kargopolsky, and Lodeynopolsky counties of the Olonets Governorate (1905), Ustyuzhensky county of the Novgorod Governorate (1911), Cherepovets, Kirillovsky, and Belozersky counties of the Novgorod Governorate (1912). Materials for a number of volosts were compared to the settlements list of the Olonets Governorate (1873), to a map from Schubert’s Atlas reflecting the state of the area in 1826–1840 and containing double settlements names, as well as to a map from the “Novgorod Collection” of 1865–1866. The richest collections of the electronic database of the Ural Federal University Toponymic Expedition are used as a source of modern data, including materials of field expeditions to Belozerye of the 1960s–2010s: this is the territory of the west of the modern Vologda Region (Belozersky, Babaevsky, Vashkinsky, Vozhegodsky, Vytegorsky, Kirillovsky, Kaduysky, Ustyuzhensky, Chagodoshchensky, Cherepovets, Sheksninsky Districts), and south-west of the Arkhangelsk Region (Kargopolsky and Konoshsky Districts). The study examines the issues of the evolution of oikonyms over time, the relationship of various written (official, including cartographic) and oral variants, etc. The analysis of factors determining the preservation and continuity of the toponymic system is presented.
An Onomastic Banquet of Intercultural Relations. Review of the book: Felecan, O., & Bugheşiu, A. (Eds.). Names and Naming: Multicultural Aspects. Cham: Palgrave, 2021. xxx + 490 p.
Authors:   Doshisha University, Loveday Leo
Published: April 2022

This review critically appraises a weighty, international volume of 29 chapters dealing with the multicultural dimensions of naming practices across four continents drawn up with the collaboration of leading experts and researchers in onomastics. This interdisciplinary work opens new vistas on the complex interaction between toponyms, anthroponyms, and names in the religious, literary as well as commercial sphere in relation to ethnicity, language, culture and politics. It offers an appetizing smorgasbord of informative surveys, intriguing data and stimulating, theoretical contributions to the domain of the newly burgeoning field of socio-onomastics. The reviewer also points to some minor shortcomings as well as to further questions and challenges put forward by the volume under review, especially those related to multiculturalism and multilingualism in both theoretical and areal aspects.
Chloride diffusivity of pure cement paste
Authors: Zhou Xin-Zhu , Rong Hua , Zheng Jian-Jun , Zeng Bin
Published: April 2022

A two-step scheme is presented for estimating the chloride diffusivity of pure cement paste. In the scheme, gel pores are included in the solid skeleton, composed of calcium hydroxide, unhydrated cement and calcium silicate hydrate, while capillary pores and the solid skeleton constitute pure cement paste. In combination with percolation theory, the effective medium method was modified to formulate the chloride diffusivities of the solid skeleton and pure cement paste sequentially. Detailed analysis was conducted to calibrate the percolation exponent for the high-diffusivity phase and the chloride diffusivity of the pore solution. Comparisons with various test results were made to verify the proposed scheme. Unlike existing analytical methods, the physical properties, volume fractions and morphological relationships of various phase constituents and the shapes, percolation behaviour and different roles of gel and capillary pores are all taken into account simultaneously. The calibrated chloride diffusivity of the pore solution was found to be considerably close to that derived by molecular dynamics simulation, suggesting that the scheme represents a more realistic pure cement paste. The scheme can reasonably evaluate the chloride diffusivity of pure cement paste at medium and long curing ages.
Perry Bar & Witton FRMS: Forge Mill Flood Storage Area – Lessons Learnt
Authors: Gill Ciara
Published: April 2022

The Perry Barr and Witton Flood Risk Management Scheme in Birmingham protects over 1,300 properties from a 1% Annual Exceedance Probability flood event. A key component of the scheme is the Forge Mill flood storage area. Construction started in 2018 with the Preliminary Certificate signed off in spring 2022. This paper will discuss the project and share lessons learnt from the construction phase. The lessons learnt cover a variety of areas including programme considerations, use of erosion protection matting, trash screen management and use of 3D models in construction.
Effects of initial water content on compression behaviour of municipal sewage sludge
Authors: Yang R.-M. , Wei R.-W. , Zhang Z.-N. , Zheng T.-L. , Ma L.
Published: April 2022

To investigate effects of initial water content on compression behaviour of municipal sewage sludge and clarify its intrinsic compression characteristics. Oedometer tests were conducted on sludge with various initial water content of 0·13–1·48 times the liquid limit. It is observed that the sludge is organic high liquid limit silt, whose e–log σ′vcompression curves are inverse ‘S’ shape due to organic floc structure of sludge potentially. When the effective vertical stress σ′v > 100 kPa, a clear gap of compression curves of various initial water content still exists, different from Burland's viewpoint that compression curves tend to be consistent. Burland's concept of intrinsic compression line (ICL) is adopted for correlating compression curves of sludge well, and an ICL of the sludge is derived. The ICL of sludge is below ones reported by Hong and Burland when σ′v < 100 kPa, due to the difference in initial water content. A generalised void index is tentatively proposed by introducing generalised intrinsic parameters e*y1and e*y2, which may be related to the loading history of the soil and the maximum load that the soil may bear in future engineering, respectively.
Early-breeding Season Movements of the Yelkouan Shearwater (Puffinus yelkouan, Acerbi, 1827) at the Dardanelles Strait
Authors: UYSAL İbrahim , SİNAV Lider , AŞIKOĞLU Yakut Can , ARSLAN Şafak
Published: April 2022

We aimed to make censuses of Puffinus yelkouan at the Dardanelles and to evaluate the movements at the Aegean and the Marmara Sea during the early breeding period. Field studies were carried out in the morning and afternoon for 40 days between 6 February and 22 March 2019. In the censuses, the highest number of birds, passing in both directions in a day was 78145 individuals; 56451 of them were counted in the direction of the Aegean Sea on 17 February, which is the highest number counted in one direction in a day. As a result, the number of birds crossing to the Aegean Sea through the Dardanelles in the afternoon is significantly higher than the number of birds crossing to the Aegean Sea in the morning. In the afternoon, the number of birds flying towards the Aegean Sea is significantly higher than the number of birds flying towards the Marmara Sea. Considering that the species visits the breeding colonies at night, this movement pattern could be related to the fact that the shearwater breeding population is predominantly found in the Aegean or in the Mediterranean Sea. In addition, some issues, such as how long the birds stay in these sea regions after flying to the Aegean Sea or the Marmara Sea, which route they follow or how the flocks mix require further investigation.
A Numerical Investigation for the Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Bending Behaviour of Laminated Composites
Authors: BOZKURT Rabi Ezgi , DARICIK Fatih
Published: April 2022

In this study, the bending behavior of fiber-reinforced laminated composites (FRCs) with a balanced and symmetric stacking sequence was investigated numerically under different environmental conditions. The numerical models of carbon/ bismaleimide, carbon/epoxy, and S-glass/epoxy laminated composites were designed and analyzed using ESAComp software. Deformation of the FRCs models was simulated with three-point bending conditions and the effects of material properties varying with environmental conditions on the flexural analysis were investigated according to the Tsai-Wu criterion and the Puck criterion. The Tsai-Wu criterion detects the failure of FRCs earlier and behaves more conservative than the Puck criterion for all environmental conditions. The flexural strength and failure mode of the laminates vary with the variation of environmental conditions. The order of the first damaged ply varied depending on the type of reinforcing fiber. Especially the presence of moisture and high temperature significantly influences the flexural strength of the laminated composites.
An Existing Problem for Symmetric Design: Bruck Ryser Chowla Theorem
Authors: DEMİRCİ AKARSU Emek , ÖZTÜRK Safiye
Published: April 2022

Symetric designs are interesting objects of combinatorics, and have some relations with coding theory, difference sets, geometry and finite group theory. They have applications on statistics and design experiments. In the present paper we study an existing problem for symmetric design due to Bruck, Ryser and Chowla and write an algorithm by using their theorem called BRC Theorem.
Electrochemical Reduction of Lead Sulphide in NaCl-KCl and NaCl-KCl-%2Na2S
Authors: KARTAL Levent
Published: April 2022

In this study, the lead production from lead sulfide (PbS) by molten salt electrolysis was investigated under potentiostatic and galvanostatic conditions using NaCl-KCl and NaCl-KCl-2%Na2S electrolytes. Stable cell voltage and current were aimed with the addition of Na2S to the NaCl-KCl electrolyte. Reduction experiments were carried out at constant 700 °C temperature and for 15 min. duration. The current density was set to 250 mA/cm2 for the galvanostatic reduction experiments. It was observed that there was an increase in cell voltage in both electrolytes due to the decrease in the amount of PbS in galvanostatic experiments. In these experiments, it was determined that the reduction occurred at higher cell voltages in the NaCl-KCl electrolyte compared to the NaCl-KCl-2%Na2S electrolyte. Although the cell voltage was aimed to remain constant with the Na2S addition, the cell voltage decreased slightly compared to the NaCl-KCl electrolyte, but increased with the experiment duration as in the NaCl-KCl electrolyte. Potentiostatic reduction experiments carried out at a constant cell voltage of 3.0 V under the electrolyte decomposition voltage. The morphology of the cathode products was examined by SEM-EDS analysis and, the phases were examined by X-ray diffractometry. Higher current values were obtained in the NaCl-KCl-%2Na2S electrolyte compared to the NaCl-KCl electrolyte. Current variation with electrolysis duration showed similar trends in both electrolytes. According to structural characterization, it was determined that the metallic lead mass did not contain any impurities.
Numerical Investigation of The Effect of Impeller Blade Angle for Stirred Tank
Authors: ALNAK Dogan Engin , KOCA Ferhat , ALNAK Yeliz
Published: April 2022

In this study, the most widely used Rushton turbine in the industry was discussed, and the effect of different blade angles on the mixture was investigated numerically. As a standard model, 6 bladed propellers were used and 4 baffles were placed in the stirred tank. The selected tank model is in the form of a flat bottom cylindrical container. Flow characteristics were obtained by giving angles (10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°) to the propeller blades used in the straight model. The obtained results were compared with each other. In addition, analyzes were repeated at different rotation speeds (600 rpm, 750 rpm, 1000 rpm) for each model at each angle. ANSYS Fluent 18 commercial software, which is the most preferred CFD program in the literature, was used for this numerical study. The analyzes were provided in the standard k-epsilon (ε) turbulence model. The Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) approach was used to simulate impeller rotation. The velocity profiles obtained from the simulations have been shown to be in consistent with the experimental estimates and the results of previous studies. As a result, it has been revealed that the best mixing balance is provided by the impeller blade at 40 and 50 degrees.
La participación juvenil y la reconstrucción del tejido social en Colombia, una aproximación en los departamentos de Caldas, Chocó y Sucre
Authors: Peláez Arango Alejandro , Castaño Duque Germán Albeiro , Ramírez Guapacha Carlos Mario
Published: April 2022

Colombia es un país con altos índices de desigualdad que por más de 50 años contó con un conflicto armado que ha incidido en la generación de todo tipo de brechas. Con una población rural equivalente al 32 % y ante la firma de un Acuerdo de Paz entre el Gobierno y las FARC, en el que se contempla un punto correspondiente a la participación política, este trabajo analiza documentos estratégicos y entrevistas realizadas en 6 municipios de los departamentos de Caldas, Chocó y Sucre, con la intención de conocer el estado de la participación ciudadana de los jóvenes en estos territorios, explorando plataformas, mecanismos, e iniciativas existentes. Entre los principales resultados se encuentra la identificación de espacios e instituciones que promueven la participación ciudadana, sin embargo, su operatividad en forma generalizada es deficiente, a partir de allí se observa que es necesario desarrollar estrategias que vinculen a las Instituciones Educativas y que articulen las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación a los procesos de participación social, buscando incidir de forma positiva en el empoderamiento juvenil, asimismo, examinar cómo desde la metodología Alfabetización Mediática Informacionaly Digital se hace posible aportar en la conformación de una población mejor formada e informada, siendo un medio para la reconstrucción del tejido social y el fortalecimiento de la participación ciudadana en el posconflicto.
Órganos de gobierno societario en los sistemas de garantía de España, Argentina y Colombia
Authors: Silva Walbaum Adolfo
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo analiza los sistemas de garantía recíproca de España, Argentina, y Colombia, colocando especial énfasis en la forma en que éstos han sido influenciados por las normas de las sociedades anónimas y en particular por los denominados gobiernos corporativos. Para el desarrollo del referido cometido, se parte por analizar la situación de los sistemas de garantía recíproca a nivel regional, y desde allí, se analiza de manera detallada el aporte que entregan cada una de las legislaciones. Evidenciándose que los órganos degobierno societario en los sistemas de garantía recíproca de los tres países analizados, presentan una serie de rasgos comunes compatibles con la autonomía de sus respectivas realidades locales, sin embargo, destacan entre sus diferencias, el sistema de garantía argentino, el impacto del Fondo Nacional de Garantías Colombiano, y la influencia del modelode sistema de garantías recíprocas español. Finalmente, también queda demostrado con este trabajo, la creciente importancia del fenómeno de los gobiernos corporativos para los sistemas de garantías recíproca iberoamericanos.