bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education as an important aspect to determine human development index by province in Indonesia
Authors: Zahroh S , Pontoh R S
Published: January 2021

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, education, and standard of living in all countries over the world to classify whether a country is a developed country, a developing country, or even an underdeveloped country. Currently, science and technology are developing rapidly. In order to compete with other countries, Indonesia needs to improve the quality of education, which is one of the dimensions of HDI. In this study, the HDI in Indonesia and several aspects of education are grouped by provinces then it is compared whether the cluster of HDI formed has the same members as the cluster of several variables related to education in Indonesia. The goal is to observe if the quality of education in Indonesia might represent HDI. The clustering method that will be used is k-means clustering with average silhouette method to determine the optimal number of cluster. The results show different cluster in two groups of dataset means that the high index of human development does not determine the high quality of education in Indonesia. It indicates that the assessment of the quality of education needs to be continued both for regions with high HDI conditions and vice versa because the quality of education does not appear to be reflected in the high HDI.
Effect of ultrafine metal particles and their oxides on antioxidant enzyme activity, spike productivity and grain quality of spring soft wheat
Authors: Besaliev I N , Galaktionova L V , Panfilov A L , Churbakova S M , Reger N S
Published: January 2021

The results of field experiments in the scope of studying the effect of various options of ultrafine metal particles, their combinations, oxides on the content of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, malondialdehyde) as well as carotenoids in the tillering phases, stem elongation and spring wheat ear stage are presented. The influence of the above options on the formation of spike productivity (number of grains and grain weight per spike) and grain quality indicators (hardness, unit, gluten amount) are considered.
Adaptivity of leguminous crops in agricultural lands in the south of Central Siberia
Authors: Kadychegov A N , Idimeshev N V , Kadychegova A N , Kadychegov V A , Murtaev V N , Chebochakov E J , Chagin V V , Bessonova A V
Published: January 2021

To fully use the biological potential of a sertain breed, it must fit into the specific environmental conditions, which in each zone differ in their specific characteristics (fertility and agrophysical state of the soil, hydrothermal regimes, insolation indicators, etc.). Knowing the individual reaction (adaptability) of the breed will allow it to be used in specific agrolandscapes, where it will provide maximum returns. The parameters of ecological plasticity, stability and homeostaticity of four soybean breeds and four breeds of field peas under sharply continental conditions in the south of Central Siberia are defined as adaptability criteria. It has been established that the Yakhont pea breed and the Sibiryachka soybean breed are more demanding on high growing conditions. Ruslan and Kemchug pea breeds and SibNIIK 315 and Sibniiskhoz 6 soybean breeds showed a change in yield corresponding to a change in growing conditions. Radomir pea breed and Zaryanitsa soybean breed are recommended to be grown on an extensive background, where they will give maximum returns at a minimum cost. The soybean breeds SibNIIK 315 and Sibniiskhoz 6 and the pea breed Kemchug were distinguished by their homeostatic index. They are characterized by lower yield variability with its high expression. Significant differences in yield stability, both of soybean and pea breeds were not observed, since Fф < F05.
Influence of growing environment on potato tubers quality
Authors: Starovoitova O A , Mute A N , Manoquina A A , Starovoitov V I , Makarenkoff D A , Nazarov V I , Nasibov H N O
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of innovative drugs: sulfur-containing and microelements in chelated form: iron, zinc, manganese, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, boron, on the yield and quality of potato tubers of medium ripe variety Kolobok. The research was carried out in 2016–2017 on sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil. The field experience, records and observations were made in accordance with the requirements of the field experience methodology and the Potato Culture Research Methodology. On average, over two years, the use of the preparation with S content in chelate form increased the yield by 3.7 t/ha (14.2 %). Application of the preparation with the content of trace elements Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Ko, B in chelate form – by 3.5 t/ha (13.5 %). The content of nitrates on the variants with the use of sulfur-containing preparation was 201 mg/kg; the content of the preparation with trace elements was 230 at 245 mg/kg on the control variants. The lowest darkening of raw pulp on a scale of nine points was found on variants with S – 6.83 points (+1.83 or +36.6 %). On variants with the use of the preparation containing microelements, the average value of darkening of raw pulp of tubers was 6.75 points (+1.75 or +35.0 %). Tubers of the variant with the use of the preparation with S – 6.25 points turned out to be tastier. The data obtained may be of interest to specialists growing potatoes for industrial processing, for example, for mashed potatoes, vacuuming of peeled raw potatoes.
Processing of specific growth of various potato varieties under drip irrigation in Lower Volga region
Authors: Dubenok N N , Melikhov V V , Novikov A A , Bolotin D A , Vasilyuk D I
Published: January 2021

The analysis of the state of the potato industry in the Lower Volga region is made. The heat and moisture supply and soil conditions of the region and their compliance with the biological characteristics of potato plants are estimated. The object of research is the planting of potatoes of promising varieties under drip irrigation. The aim of the research is the formation of water regimes of the soil and production processes of various varieties of potatoes during drip irrigation in years with different weather conditions for vegetation periods. The patterns of irrigation, water consumption and productivity of summer plantings of seed potatoes are established. The most productive studied variety is Zhuravinka of the Belarusian selection, planting of which forms the tuber yield from 36.07 to 43.10 t/ha, Roko of the Dutch selection with a yield of 32.86–41.13 t/ha and Golubizna of domestic selection with that of 33.06–39.81 t/ha of tubers.
Prediction of fecundity of livestock by the level of adaptability in the ecological and climatic conditions of the Southern Urals
Authors: Belkov G I
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of studies on the natural resistance of castrated bull calves of Simmental breed in the Southern Urals and half-blood Holstein crossbreeds. The aim of the present study was to determine the adaptability of purebred and cross-breeding animals to a sharply continental climate when keeping them in an open feeding area. Assessment of the body’s response to the influence of negative air temperatures was carried out according to the indicators of the natural resistance of the humoral and cellular parts of the immune system and hair condition – regularity of its shift, length, density and fractional composition. Significant differences in the determined indicators were revealed both depending on the genotype and on the season of the year. Simmentals exceeded their cross-breed peers in hair density from 1 cm2 of skin, weight, and hair length. These differences are most pronounced in winter. Assessment of the humoral link of natural resistance showed significant intergroup differences. Simmental bull calves exceeded cross-breed peers in bactericidal blood activity depending on the season of the year by 1.28–2.87 %, in terms of lysozyme content – by 2.9–7.1 %. Intergroup differences were also revealed in the assessment of cellular factors of natural resistance. In spring, the activity of neutrophils increased in comparison with autumn and winter months in Simmental bull calves 6.4 and 7.3 times. The highest value of the phagocytic index was noted in winter period – 11.4–11.9 %. In summer, it decreases slightly. Intergroup differences in these indicators are slightly expressed.
Features of technological approaches to the calf bull housing of different eco-geographical populations
Authors: Jaimysheva S S
Published: January 2021

The study of skeletal peculiarities was carried out on Simmental and Limousin bull calves and their cross breeds. The control slaughter of 3 bull calves of different genotypes was carried out at 20 months of age: I – Simmental, II – Limousin, III – 1/2 Limousin x 1/2 Simmental, IV – 3/4 Limousin x 1/4 Simmental, V – 7/8 Limousin x 1/8 Simmental. The fresh axial bones were weighed on a counter balance with the accuracy up to 1 g. The purebred Simmental bull calves (I g) were superior to Limousin herdmates (II g) both in weight of the whole skeleton and in its separate parts. This weight advantage of the entire skeleton made 0.49 kg, including the total axial skeleton weight – by 0.19 kg; in the weight of the whole peripheral skeleton – by 0.3 kg.
Influence of environmental conditions and technology of cultivation on the morphological structure of the testes of bull calves of three breeds in beef production
Authors: Kayumov F G , Tretyakova R F , Shevlyuk N N
Published: January 2021

One of the main indicators of the successful adaptation of an organism to environmental conditions is a good reproductive ability of gobies. After all, the fertilizing ability of sperm is the most important quality indicator. Different breeds of animals are not equally resistant to environmental influences. In some, the changes are relatively superficial, in others, they lead to a significant change in the physiological functions of the body. Scientific research was carried out in the SPK PZ “Druzhba” Apanasenkovsky district, which is one of the driest regions of the Stavropol Territory, with a sharply continental climate. The histology, immunohistochemistry and morphometry of the testes (6 animals of each breed) of 18-month-old bulls of the Hereford, Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk cattle breeds were influenced by climatic factors. The results of the study showed that 18-month-old bulls of all three studied breeds of cattle have full-fledged spermatogenesis. Structural elements of the connective tissue part of the wall of convoluted tubules demonstrated morphological equivalents of the integrity of the hematotesticular barrier. The proportion of tubules with pronounced destruction of spermatogenic epithelium was 2–3 percent. The diameter of the convoluted seminal tubules in animals of all breeds was more than 200 microns. The population of Leydig cells was characterized by a variety of cell forms, the predominant being rounded and polygonal cells with light nuclei and well-developed cytoplasm. The morphology of Leydig cells indicated their ability to actively synthesize sex hormones. A comparative analysis of the testes of gobies of the three studied breeds did not reveal any pronounced breed differences in the structure of the male sex glands of these animals. This indicates that the morphofunctional characteristic of the testes is a stable and conservative indicator, which changes little in the course of selection work.
Comparative analysis of various technologies of breedings of horses
Authors: Lebedeva L F , Atroshchenko M M , Naumenkova VA , Solodova E V
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of studies to assess the effect of natural mating and artificial insemination with frozen semen on the duration of the service period in mares. The research is aimed at determining the optimal technology to improve the reproductive qualities of horses. The pregnancy rate of 716 breeding mares in 1093 estrus cycles after natural mating (NM) (534 mares, 850 cycles) or artificial insemination with frozen semen (AIfs) (182 mares, 243 cycles) at the foal heat and three subsequent cycles, at the end of the year, per one cycle and the level of pregnancy lost were calculated. The results showed that in the NM program the most part of mares (>80 %) were covered at the first cycle with the lowest level of pregnancy (44.7 %) and the highest level of embryonic losses (12.6 %). In subsequent cycles, the efficiency of NM significantly (p<0.001) increased (up to 80–90 % pregnancy rate at the fourth cycle), and the percentage of embryonic death decreased to 0 %. In the AIfs group of mares, obviously with more careful monitoring of uterus condition after foaling, only 30 % of them were selected for insemination with frozen semen at the foal heat with results similar to the pregnancy level of NM at the first cycle (43–52 %). It was concluded that NM and AIfs at the foal heat in mares are advisable and can provide the normal pregnancy rate if a qualified control of the genital tract condition is ensured after parturition.
Application of new technologies to assess the effectiveness of feed materials for ruminants
Authors: Ryazanov V A , Duskaev G K , Rakhmatullin Sh G , Miroshnikov I S , Miroshnikova K P , Inchagova K S
Published: January 2021

The study presents the results of the influence of coconut and flaxseed oils by the in-vitro method on the microbiome of scar fluid in young cattle. During the experiment, a decrease in the number of bacteria for Firmicutes phylum by 37.2 and 35.2 % using vegetable oils with the control sample and growth for the large phylum Bacteroidia, the bacterial abundance was higher than in control by 28.1 and 25.1 % for coconut and flaxseed oils, respectively. Also, the use of coconut and flaxseed oils has led to an increase in the number of bacteria for filum Candidatus Saccharibacteria and phylum Verrucomicrobia.
Innovative technology for growing potato minitubers on aerohydroponic devices
Authors: Khutinaev O Kh , Dzhioeva C G , Basiev S S , Kozayeva D P , Pliev I G
Published: January 2021

Technologies for the production of minitubers use the controllable conditions of the created aerohydroponic device to automate the process at the stages of plant development. The developed new device maximizes the use of the area within 1 m2 and holds 60 pcs of potato plants. The device is an aerohydroponic module (AHM) designed specifically for growing minitubers in closed spaces. Such conditions make it possible to nourish plants and control each selected genotype during the growing season. The controlled device regulates the development processes of meristemic potato sprouts, conducts phenotypic observations in the winter and selects the best genotypes. The created device offers an opportunity to conduct observations in any terrain.
Research in regression models for the dependence of grain quality indicators on agrobiological factors
Authors: Besaliev I N , Parfenov D I , Bolodurina I P , Akimov S S
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the impact of various agricultural and climatic factors on the yield of durum wheat in a continental climate. Among agrobiological factors, four were selected empirically; linear correlation was estimated by constructing multivariate regression models. The obtained regression equations for various indicators of quality are determined taking into account different rates of seeding. Based on the analysis of time series and the minimax criterion, the most optimal seeding rate for the coming period was determined.
Biologically active additives for cows as a factor in the production of environmentally friendly products in animal husbandry
Authors: Boyko T V , Chaunina E A , Buzmakova N A , Zharikova E A
Published: January 2021

The material presents the results of the analysis of the domestic market of feed additives for cows registered for use in Russia. It gives a brief overview of modern feed additives recorded in the state register following the international classification. Feed additives produced for cattle occupy an extensive segment among the entire range of registered feed additives - 54.3%. Among them, the zootechnical group occupies the largest part, it is 62.4%, followed by the technological group - 21.6%, then the nutritional group has 11.5%, and the group of flavouring (sensory) additives has 4.5%. Along with the use of synthetic feed additives, the authors emphasized the need to use additives of plant and natural origin in animal husbandry as a physiological source of biologically active substances closest to the animal organism, which allows obtaining environmentally friendly products of animal origin. They proposed a classification of feed additives according to the type of action on the body of cattle: affecting the functions of the central nervous system; affecting the processes of tissue metabolism; affecting mineral metabolism and the function of the musculoskeletal system; supporting functions of the immune system; affecting oxidation processes and energy metabolism; supporting functions of the digestive system; affecting lactation; affecting the detoxification process and contributing to the elimination of foreign and toxic substances from the body. The article systematizes the main indications for the use of FA: metabolic diseases - ketosis, hepatosis, myocardial dystrophy, alimentary dystrophy, osteodystrophy; immunodeficiencies; dysbiosis; intoxication.
The influence of treatment methods on agrophysical soil properties and old Eastern galega stand root development
Authors: Nechunaev M A , Falaleeva L V , Zabolotnova M V
Published: January 2021

All mechanical effects are primarily aimed at improving soil conditions and the root system. Different treatment methods with different types of working organs affect the fractional composition of particles, agrophysical soil properties, and the ability to restore the root system of old-age, degraded stands of perennial grasses with a root-shoot root system. The article presents data on the results of three field experiments (2017–2019). An analysis of the fractional composition of soil with various cultivation methods was carried out, and the relationship between the number of first-order roots of the eastern goat grass stand and agrophysical soil properties was identified. The maximum soil fraction was 7 and 10 mm when treating with a BDT aggregate in one track, the minimum percentage was observed when treating with a Leader aggregate in two tracks to a depth of 10–12 and 16–18 cm. The greatest “clumpiness” of fractions was revealed with a smaller number of treatments. The optimal soil conditions for the growth and development of the root system of old-age goat grass stands in the 0–20 cm layer were established during flat cutting. By the end of the growing season, the number of first-order roots increased from 15,000 to 22,000 thousand units/ha.
Exchange processes in the organism of goslings of different ages feeding with selenium-containing fodder supplement
Authors: Sukhanova S F , Kurskaya Yu A , Bischokov R M , Temiraev R B
Published: January 2021

Blood counts vary significantly under the influence of feeding and keeping conditions. According to hematological indicators, one can determine the degree of metabolism in the body. The studies were aimed to identify the effect of selenium-containing feed supplement Bio-Sorb-Selenium on hematological indicators of goslings at different age periods (one-day-old goslings, 30 day-old and 60 day-old goslings). It was established that in one-day old goslings the morphological composition of blood was within the physiological norm and no difference between the groups was observed. At the age of 60 days, the goslings of the control group had less erythrocytes than ones of the experimental groups by 3.57 and 4.64 %, the hemoglobin content decreased by 4.37 and 7.28 %, the number of leukocytes – by 5.77 and 7.31 %, the total nitrogen content decreased by 3.73 and 7.41 %, the total protein content decreased by 5.67 and 7.21 %. The introduction of various dosages of Bio-Sorb-Selen into feed increased the content of calcium and inorganic phosphorus due to mineral components. The results obtained indicate the active nature of redox processes in the body of goslings of the experimental groups and increased activity of the hematopoiesis apparatus due to the intensive growth of goslings.
The productivity of five-field crop rotations and their influence on humus content in southern Russia
Authors: Pashtetskiy V S , Radchenko L A , Turin E N , Zhenchenko K G
Published: January 2021

It is proved that the productivity of all crops is higher when growing them in crop rotation, and not permanently. According to a significant number of scientists, crop rotation is the only agricultural element in the system of agriculture, the action of which is based on natural foundations. Proper crop rotation, with an appropriate set of crops, helps stabilize the presence of humus in the soil. If the structure contains 20-25% of legumes, the amount of humus in the soil will not only stabilize but will increase. The purpose of these studies is to study the productivity of short-rotational crop rotations and to establish their effect on soil fertility, in particular on the presence of humus after two rotations. The experimental component of the study consists of three repetitions with a randomized placement of crop rotations. Soil cultivation, norms and terms of fertilizer application, sowing, and crop care are generally accepted. All studied crop rotations are recommended to farm enterprises, depending on the specialization of the farm. Crop rotations with clean steam should be in farms engaged in the production of a marketable grain of valuable and robust wheat and seed production. Crop rotations with busy couples should be in enterprises that specialize in raising dairy cattle. Crop rotation is an economically viable, real way to increase the productivity of each crop and the entire crop rotation as a whole, as well as restoration of soil fertility. Compliance with crop rotation stabilizes or increases the presence of humus from 1.70 to 2% in a layer of 0-40 cm.
Increase in efficiency of spring rapeseed production due to modern seed pickers
Authors: Vinogradov D V , Stupin A S , Lupova E I , Sokolov A A
Published: January 2021

This paper describes the research conducted at the experimental agricultural technology station of Ryazan State Agrotechnological University Named after P.A. Kostychev (FSBEI HE RSATU). The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-pest protectants in the technology of spring rape production in the conditions of the Ryazan region. Based on the results, the species composition of phytophages in spring rape crops of the Ryazan region is established. It is revealed that pre-sowing seed treatment of spring rape with insecticidal preparations is highly effective in controlling cruciferous flea and is an indispensable element in agricultural technology. It is also revealed that pre-sowing treatment of rapeseed with insecticides Kruiser Rapeseed, KS (15l/t) and Modesto, KS (25l/t) can reduce damage to plants by cruciferous flea by 1.7 to 1.9 times and increase oilseeds by 6.0 c/ha.
Viability of agricultural crop seeds in unregulated natural storage facilities of the Arctic Circle
Authors: Musaev F B , Beletsky S L , Soldatenko A V , Gaplaev M Sh , Ushakova O V , Antoshkina M S
Published: January 2021

Genetic collections of plants are mainly contained in the form of seeds, the conservation of which is an important state task. To maintain the collection in a living state, it is necessary to periodically check the germination of seeds, and if necessary, carry out reseeding of seeds in order to reproduce them. The genetically determined shelf life of seeds can be significantly extended by creating optimal storage conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to search or create environmental conditions under which the seeds could remain viable for as long as possible. There are modern high-tech seed storages in the world, but in case of emergency, emergency situations, natural storages will be in a better position, one of which is located on the Taimyr Peninsula. In 1974, an experiment was begun to study the preservation of grain, seeds, and various products in different types of packaging under permafrost conditions with the participation of a number of research institutions. Grain cereals of various samples have been in long-termstorage since 1980. Intermediate seeding and analysis of seeds showed a high degree of viability and prolongation of economic suitability. In 2016, the All-Russian Research Institute for Selection and Seeding of Vegetable Crops (now the Federal Research Center for Horticulture) joined in a long experiment. The employees of breeding laboratories selected a collection of seeds of seven main types of vegetable crops, the samples were laid in three replicates, in accordance with the planned three periods of harvesting, for a long shelf life in permafrost conditions.
Research in the field of processing plant materials, and obtaining new materials, biologically active substances and medicines
Authors: Kaziev G Z , Koroteev M P , Kokoev T I , Koroteev A M , Stepnova A F , Dzhioeva C G
Published: January 2021

Complex processing of renewable plant materials is becoming the most relevant in modern socio-economic conditions. In this regard, it seems appropriate to single out the problem of the development and production of biologically active food products of rehabilitation and medical and preventive purposes from renewable plant materials and waste from their industrial processing as a priority area of innovation. The growing interest in wastes from processing plant materials is due to the fact that potential volumes, for example, sawdust, grape, apple, beetroot, and other squeezes allow them to be classified as industrial raw materials. The complete extraction of all valuable components from it is one of the ways to increase the profitability of the agricultural industry by expanding the range and volume of products. The environmental aspect is also important. Waste volumes pose a serious threat to the environment and require the development of effective ways of their disposal. This paper presents an original non-waste, energy-saving technology for the integrated processing of plant materials, in particular waste of larch wood, obtaining new structural materials and biologically active substances on its basis. The work considers the latest data, mainly by the authors, on the structure and chemical properties of dihydroquercetin (taxifolin) as one of the representatives of plant flavonoids (FL). The latter are excellent means not only for the prevention and maintenance of health, but also for the treatment of many diseases.
Creation of planting material for small-leaved linden in the Omsk region
Authors: Barayshchuk G V , Konovalova A P
Published: January 2021

Small-leaved linden occupies the most important place among tree species, being a valuable plant due to its ability to yield nectar. Expanding the growth area of small-leaved linden will allow the local population to increase the production volume of linden honey, which has long been considered the best one. Currently, there is no artificial reforestation of this tree species in the Omsk region, since this tree species is grown in very small quantities in the forest nurseries of the main Forestry Department of the Omsk region, mainly for the purpose of urban planting of greenery. Small-leaved linden has a high decorative value and is therefore used as a park tree for urban planting of greenery in Omsk and for improvement of recreational areas. Many issues of artificial reproduction of small-leaved linden in the conditions of the Omsk region remain unexplored. In places of natural growth, only propagation with young growing trees is of practical value. Seed propagation technology has not been developed for the conditions of the Omsk region. The issue complexity lies in the fact that small-leaved linden has a period of long and deep physiological seed dormancy. The article considers experimental data on the propagation of small-leaved linden by seeds, analyzes parameters of growth and development of seedlings. The heterogeneity of planting material (seedlings) grown from seeds of local origin has been determined. The use of environmentally friendly products to protect and stimulate the growth of seedlings has produced positive results. Preparations Black yeast and Azolen increased the height of seedlings and the diameter of the root neck, and preparations Trichodermin and Elena contributed to the formation of a more powerful root system.
Developing a model for simulation of mechanical damages to buckwheat during mechanical grain processing
Authors: Trotsenko V V , Trotsenko I V , Komendantova N V
Published: January 2021

This paper tells about actual problem of the efficiency increasing of buckwheat production by reducing the mechanical damage, which appears as the result of technological processes during harvesting, post-harvesting and pre-sowing. The mechanical processing causes the damages to some of the buckwheat grains during the interaction between the grains and the units of a mechanism. The pressure of the mechanism induces the excess stress and the grains are destroyed. This article shows the buckwheat grain is modeled like a cylindrical trihedron for the estimation of these stresses. The mathematical relationships for the suggested forms let us associate the parameters of the length, width and thickness of grains with the radii of the surfaces of the faces and the location of the axes of the intersecting cylinders. This knowledge of let us use the well-known relationships of the theory of elasticity in determining the values of stresses in various types of contacting grains and units of machines. It has been experimentally established that the main proportion (more than 85%) of the buckwheat grain batches is presented like grains with cylindrical faces, the ratio of the actual grain width to its thickness for different varieties differs from the calculated one by no more than 10%, and the deviation of the actual buckwheat grain volume from the calculated one depending on the variety does not exceed 15%.
Approbation of the technology for increasing the milk productivity of cows kept on rations with the addition of wastes from the alcohol industry
Authors: Miroshnikov S A , Zavyalov O A , Frolov A N , Kurilkina M Ya
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to test the technology for increasing the milk productivity of cows kept on rations with the addition of wastes from the alcohol industry (wheat stillage). The experiment was conducted on Simmental cows (n = 30). The methodology involved feeding animals with wheat bard (40 l / animal) throughout the experiment and 60 days before the beginning of the study. Based on the comparison of elemental composition of wool with the “physiological norms”, the composition of mineral premix was calculated using 25 chemical elements and all animals were divided into two groups by the analogue method: control and experimental ones. The feeding and keeping conditions were identical. Cows of the experimental group additionally received correctable elements (Ca, Se, Zn, Mn) as part of the premix. Animals of the control group received the main diet. A four-month correction course normalized the elemental status indicators in animals of the experimental group for all correctable elements, including lead and strontium. The only exception was phosphorus whose concentration in the wool exceeded the upper limit by 1.7 times. At the same time, feeding wheat bard to cows of the control group was accompanied by the development of calcium, zinc, manganese, selenium and iodine dyslementoses. When correcting the elemental status of cows, there was a change in the antioxidant status of blood serum expressed in a decrease in the level of molon dialdehyde by 21.24 % and an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase by 6.6 %. Differences in indicators of the morphological and biochemical composition of blood were established. In animals of the experimental group, milk yield and milk fat yield was higher by 7.2 %.
Productivity and quality of meat from Kalmyk bull calves stimulated by immunomodulating agents
Authors: Pogodaev V A , Golembovsky V V , Komlatsky V I , Velichko L F , Konkov L I
Published: January 2021

The Laboratory of Biological Modulators developed a new drug IMA (immunomodulating agent). The purpose of the study was to analyze meat productivity and interior indices of bull calves subjected to an immunomodulating agent (IMA). The IMA injections to pregnant cows two months before calving contributed to the activation of metabolic processes in their bodies, which, in turn, improved fetal growth and development. The body weight of bull calves at birth was more by 1.59 and 2.89 kg. There was an increase in the average body weight of bull calves aged 18 months before slaughter by 7.8 and 12.2 % (P≤0.01). They had higher slaughter yield by 1.0 and 1.76 absolute percent, and the main indicators – edible index was higher by 12.91 and 19.24 %; fleshing index – by 11.11 and 17.43 % respectively. The muscle tissue of the bull calves of all experimental groups has high nutritional and biological value. It is recommended to use the injection of immune modulator IMA to cows two months before calving at a dose of 5.0 ml per head four times with an interval of 7 days.
Tests of a two-stage vortex device for homogenization of milk
Authors: Fialkova E A , Baronov V I , Slobodin A A
Published: January 2021

The subject of the study is milk homogenization process in the original design two-stage vortex device consisting of two vortex tubes connected with each other in series at a right-angle. The aim of this work is to optimize the operational and geometrical parameters of the vortex tubes relative location, with tubes forming the homogenizing device. Experimental study of the vortex devices was conducted on the basis of an OGZM-1.6 plunger pump with a capacity of 1.6 m3/h, using a milk with fat content of 2.5% at a temperature of 60°C. To assess the quality of the homogenization process, the microscopic examination method was used employing BIOLAR high-resolution microscope with immersion lens (1000 x magnification). Process quality was assessed according to the average size of milk fat globules. Experimental studies have shown that the best result for two-stage homogenization is achieved with the installation of the second vortex tube at an angle of 20° to the horizon with the differential pressure of the first stage 14 MPa and in the second stage – 3 MPa.
Composition and content of antioxidants in nodules and leaves of stachis (Stachys sieboldii Mig) of Bochonok and Rakushka varieties
Authors: Molchanova M A , Gins E M , Moskalev E A , Tumanyan A F , Romanova E V , Baykov A A , Gins V K , Gins M S
Published: January 2021

Providing the world population with high-quality and functional food products is one of the main tasks of modern scientists. The introduction and subsequent cultivation of new and rare crops makes it possible to expand the diet. Stachys sieboldii Mig, or stakhys, is a vegetable plant with medicinal properties. Of particular value is the underground part of the plant, its nodules. But even the leaves accumulate microelements, antioxidants and phenolic compounds.
Evaluation of potato tubers of Nevsky variety and selection hybrids by amino acid composition
Authors: Mushinskiy A A , Aminova E V , Fedotova L S , Dergileva T T
Published: January 2021

Potato protein is recognized as one of the most valuable plant proteins due to its high content of essential amino acids. Changes in the metabolic composition of potato tubers during low temperature storage can affect their nutritional value. In the course of study, the amino acid composition of potato tubers was determined, differing in the color of the pulp stored at a temperature of 2 °C for 7 months. The research included the study of 3 hybrids of potato and potato variety of standard Nevsky, hybrid 10.76.1 with red peel, others with yellow peel. With increasing storage time, the total protein content and especially the amino acid content increased. The determination of amino acids was carried out according to “M-04-38-2009” with the system of capillary electrophoresis “Drops-105”, the starch content – by specific gravity (GOST 7194-81); reducing sugars – according to the Sumner method; crude protein – according to the Kjeldahl method, GOST 13496.4-93; nitrate content – by ion-metric, according to GOST 29270-95. Biochemical analysis of potato tubers allows us to highly evaluate of the hybrid 10.76.1 with red peel according to the EAA amino acid composition index with an indicator of 61.6 to 63.1 % and taste with an indicator 7.9 to 6.5 points and the ratio of starch/protein with an indicator of 14.0 to 15.7, which is higher than similar indicators of the Nevsky standard.
The effectiveness of using mathematical modeling in assessing the quality of food products
Authors: Akimov S S , Lebedev S V , Grechkina V V , Miroshnikova M S , Topuria G M
Published: January 2021

In the development of new formulations and assessment of their quality it is advisable to use mathematical modeling. The quality of any food product is determined by its characteristic properties of the quality indicator. Currently, the food industry has significantly expanded the use of mathematical methods. This is due to the fact that any technically and economically unjustified decision leads to significant material losses. In experiments, we studied the quality and safety of fat supplements with their additional introduction into the diet. As a result of the conducted research, the correlation analysis method using nonparametric methods revealed a correlation between the chemical composition of the diet and the time factor. When sunflower oil was added to the diet, a correlation was established between the activity of enzymes and the chemical composition of crude protein (r=0.71) and crude fat (g=-0.62). When palm oil was added to the diet, a correlation was found between raw fat (r=0.55) and organic matter (r=-0.54). Flaxseed oil contributed to the correlation of crude protein (r=-0.52) and nitrogen-free extractives (r=-0.55), as well as organic matter (r=0.54). The formulated mathematical models based on correlation allow us to take into account the time factor, diet, and individual indicators of the fat component. In addition, they allow one to develop not only a new feed recipe depending on the fat and acid composition of the diet in the presence of the specified initial data, but also to predict their effect on the quality of the product.
Classification and ranking of spring soft wheat varieties by grain quality in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals
Authors: Belkina R I , Letyago Yu A , Kucherov D I
Published: January 2021

The article summarizes the information available in the region on the quality of wheat grain, considers the possibilities of ranking varieties by individual and grouped indicators of grain quality. The classification of wheat varieties into groups was developed taking into account the purpose of the grain. The first group includes varieties whose grain of the highest quality is within the requirements for strong wheat. The second group is represented by varieties, the grain of which under local conditions can be a good raw material for the production of high varieties of flour. The third group includes varieties that in some years form grain quality indicators below the standards of the third class GOST. The fourth group includes high-yielding varieties of wheat. Grain of these varieties is recommended for feed use. The developed classification can be used in characterizing varieties of state testing and selecting varieties for use in production. A graded assessment of varieties by food value is given. For a comprehensive assessment of varieties by quality criteria, an index is used - the ratio of the actual value of the indicator to the normative. The use of the quality index makes it possible to assess compliance with the standards of individual signs of grain quality, as well as rank varieties according to a set of quality indicators.
The effectiveness of adaptive pork quality management technology
Authors: Zhuravel V V , Miftakhutdinov A V , Zhuravel N A , Abdyramanova T D
Published: January 2021

In accordance with the research purpose, the effectiveness of adaptive pork quality management technology using chitosan was evaluated. The natural biopolymer was used during raising and fattening of sows. The introduction of chitosan in the technological cycle of pork production made it possible to increase the live weight by 7.42-16.74, to shorten the period of reaching a live weight of 100 kg by 3.11-3.89%. Meat productivity due to an increase in the slaughter mass and carcass yield increased by 1.65-13.46%, meat quality due to an increase in the carcass length, mass of the back third of the carcass, and the “muscle” eye increased by 1.84-10.85%. The effect of chitosan on the ratio of meat to fat was identified - it increased by 13.41%, and the coefficient reflecting the ratio of moisture to dry matter and moisture to protein decreased by 7.37-9.79%. The greatest effect was achieved when using chitosan for both sows and piglets, while the minimum effect was achieved when using chitosan only for sows.
Influence of toxic load on milk producing ability
Authors: Kazakova T V , Marshinskaia O V , Notova S V
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the total toxic load on milk producing ability of Holstein cows in the Vologda region. Samples of animal hair were studied by atomic emission and mass spectral analysis with inductively coupled plasma to determine the concentrations of chemical elements. Depending on the toxic load factor, the animals were divided into two groups: with a lower and higher coefficient relative to the studied sample. Evaluation of productivity was carried out on the materials accumulated in breeding enterprises during the control milking operation. The analysis of the results of the content of chemical elements in the wool of dairy cows revealed that animals with a high toxicity coefficient had statistically significantly higher values of Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Al, Ni, and V. There was a tendency toward higher rates of elements such as As, Cd, Hg, Sr, Zn, B, Ca, Co, Cr, I, Li, Mg, Na, P, Se, Si and Sn. It was found that with an increase in the toxic load on the animal organism, milk productivity decreases.
Evaluating the properties of organic and mineral sludge as a raw material for the production of sorption material
Authors: Sapronova Zh A , Makridina Yu L , Starostina I V , Spirin M N , Fomina E V
Published: January 2021

The comparative investigations of the physical and chemical properties of two large-tonnage organic and mineral wastes of agricultural raw materials processing - carbonate sediment (CS) formed during the processing of sugar beets and diatomaceous sludge (DS), which is a waste product of sunflower oil production were carried out in work. It was found that in both materials during burning, carbonization of organic substances occurs on the surface of the mineral core; heat treatment gives them hydrophobic properties, the pH of the aqueous extract has an alkaline reaction (for DS pH = 10.8, for CS pH = 11.5). The central part of the mineral component of CS is calcium carbonate, and DS is silicon oxide, CS has a more developed specific surface area, which is ensured by the presence of small globular structures. The oil capacity of the materials after heat treatment is 3.5 g/g for DS and 1.13 g/g for CS; dye capacity “methylene blue” for heat-treated CS is 77.9 mg/g, it is 9.5 mg/g for DS. Further research is needed to develop a method for sharing these materials for the effective treatment of multicomponent sewage.
Post-agrogenic transformation of texture-differentiated soils of the northern forest-steppe near the Irtysh River in the Omsk region
Authors: Aksenova Yu V
Published: January 2021

Weak or blind drainage of the territory, changing hydrothermal conditions and water regime, high volumes of lime materials used in the 1990s contributed to carbonate salinization of soils and accumulation of ready soluble salts in the profile of texture-differentiated soils. In sod-podzolics gleyic soil, the maximum amount of carbonates (14.3–17.2%) is accumulated in horizons BTncg at a depth of 73–104 cm. In grey gleyic soil, their content reached the highest values (14.5–14.8%) in sod (AYdc) and humic eluvial (AELdc) horizons, gradually decreasing to the parent rock. The presence of carbonates shifted the medium reaction to the alkaline interval throughout the entire soil profile. In sod-podzolics gleyic soil, the reaction of the medium was within the range of 6.9–8.1; in the horizons of maximum accumulation of carbonates, it reached 8.5–9.1. In the profile of grey gleyic soil, the pH value varied within the range of 8.1–9.2 units. Ready soluble salts of chlorides and bicarbonates were present at a depth of 61–73 cm, but their content did not exceed 1 mmol/100 g of soil. The morphological structure of the soil profile corresponded to their type affiliation. In the sod-podzolics gleyic soil, eluvial horizon EL was clearly distinguished, in the grey gleyic soil; humus-eluvial AEL horizon was clearly picked.
Surface plasma resonance in Xe clusters studied by EUV pump-NIR probe experiments
Authors: Nagaya K , Sakai T , Hiraki T Nishiyama , Yase S , Matsunami K , Asa K , Fukuzawa H , Motomura K , Kumagai Y , Xu W Q , Wada S , Hayashita H , Saito N , Nagasono M , Togashi T , Yabashi M , Ueda K
Published: January 2021

The ionization dynamics of Xe cluster was analyzed by extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pump-near infrared (NIR) probe experiments. The experiments were carried out for Xe clusters containing around 5000 atoms on average at the SPring-8 Compact SASE Source (SCSS) test accelerator in Japan. We recorded ion spectra emitted from Xe clusters as a function of the time delay between the EUV and NIR pulses. The ion yields up to highly-charged states were substantially enhanced when Xe clusters excited by the EUV pulses were illuminated by the NIR laser pulses at 1 to 2 ps after the pump pulse, providing a compelling evidence for nano-plasma formation and subsequent NIR absorption via surface plasma resonance. We also observed emergence of low kinetic energy Xe+ at long time delay, which can be attributed to the ionization of excited neutral atoms resulting from the electron-ion recombination in the expanding nano-plasma.