bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation of partial coupled processes of anodic oxidation of OH– ion on gold using a combination of a graph-kinetic analysis method and linear voltammetry data
Authors: Zartsyn Ilya D. , Vvedenskii Alexander V. , Bobrinskaya Elena V. , Kozaderov Oleg A.
Published: June 2024

The presence of several interconnected electrochemical processes occurring on the surface of an electrode, strictly speaking, does not allow the use of the principle of independent reactions. Often, partial reactions of a complex multi-stage electrochemical process are coupled both through common intermediates and through the competitive adsorption of electroactive species. The presence of conjugation leads either to a change in the potential at which the corresponding electrochemical process becomes possible or to a change in the rate of partial processes. The latter is called kinetic coupling. This does not allow the simple calculation of the rate of each partial reaction as the difference between the current density of the target and background processes. The method of kinetic diagrams can be used to establish the kinetic patterns ofsuch processes. This study shows that this method is applicable not only for the analysis of coupled electrochemical processes of various types, but can also be used in obtaining partial currents of the stages of a separate complex electrode reaction occurring in a background solution. As an example, options for the kinetic modelling of the total voltammogram of the anodic process on an Au electrode in an aqueous alkaline medium in the mode of linear potential change are considered.
The stationary degrees of covering of the gold surface with various surface-active forms of oxygen are calculated depending on the electrode potential. It was established that the change in concentration of ОН- ions mainly affects the region of their adsorption potentials. A detailed analysis of stationary partial anodic processes in the Au|OH-,H2O system was carried out and the shape of the general stationary voltammogram was determined by calculation. The latter is in qualitative agreement with the experimental polarization dependence.
It was shown that the type of calculated polarization dependence is determined by the degree of reversibility of individual stages and the rate of their occurrence. The performed analysis is necessary not only for the detailed scheme of the background anodic reaction on gold in an alkaline solution, but also for the  ubsequent kinetic description of the electrooxidation process of organic substances on a gold electrode
Analyzing the Impact of VMBR Training on Table Tennis Players’ Competence in Performing Alternate Counter and Forehand Drive Shots With Precision
Authors: Sharma Arnav , Prasad Brij Kishore , Das Rajdeep , Sharma Ashish , Karmakar Debajit , Choudhary Prashant Kumar
Published: June 2024

Objectives. The study aimed to examine the impact of VMBR training on performing certain table tennis skills.
Materials and methods. A total of 50 male state table tennis players, aged between 17 and 23, were selected at the Inspire Table-Tennis Academy in Secunderabad, Telangana. These players were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each comprising 25 participants. The experimental group underwent a 12-week VMBR training regimen three times a week, while the control group simply continued with their regular daily practice routines. Prior to the study and after the 12-week period, assessments were conducted using Pushpendra Purashwani’s table tennis skill tests, specifically the alternate counter test and the forehand drive techniques on target test, developed in 2011. Statistical analyses involved the application of dependent t-tests and descriptive statistics to evaluate the outcomes.
Results. The experimental group’s results indicated that both the alternate counter test and the forehand drive on target test had a marked positive effect on players of table tennis at the 0.01 significance level. The study contributes to our understanding of psychological elements’ crucial role in influencing skill performance.
Conclusions. The research delves into how various psychological factors affect performance. Previous studies have demonstrated that visualization and images can significantly enhance performance. Table tennis players can overcome mental hurdles through a systematic psychological technique called rehearsal. This process involves mentally replaying an event in a step-by-step manner. The phases of Visual Motor Behavior Rehearsal (VMBR) that lead to better performance include technique refinement, error analysis and correction, preparation for competition, and enhancement of psychological aspects. Future studies could investigate VMBR’s impact on specific table tennis skills or other sports in order to assist athletes in improving their psychological parameters and performance.
Mapping ONT Reads to Reference Sequences with Minimap2 and Samtools v1
Authors: Luong Hung
Published: June 2024

This simple protocol maps ONT raw reads to Reference Sequences by Minimap2 and Samtools.
Formation of Optimal Cutting Temperature (OCT) Tissue Blocks for Cryosectioning v1
Authors: Laffey Brett , Mikulski Zbigniew
Published: June 2024

Optimal cutting temperature compound (OCT) is used to prepare frozen tissue blocks for cutting on a cryostat. This provides benefits for certain histological, immunofluorescent, and endogenous protein staining and detection. This protocol includes a PBS-to-OCT gradient to help tissue adhesion within the block ensuring the tissue does not separate from the block during sectioning. Also included are details on cryoprotecting fixed tissue using 30% sucrose to prevent excess water in the tissue from expanding and damaging the tissue when frozen.
Protocol for assembly of a serine integrase-based platform for functional validation of genetic switch controllers in eukaryotic cells-Animal v1
Authors: A. de Oliveira Marco
Published: June 2024

This protocol details the assembly of a serine integrase-based platform for functional validation of genetic switch controllers in eukaryotic cells in animal.
Mouse Habituation - Head Fixation on Disk v1
Authors: Amaya Avalon , Swapp Jackie
Published: June 2024

This protocol describes a customized mouse habituation protocol for mice within experiments involving head fixation onto disks. Mouse habituation is a common technique utilized for mice undergoing behavioral experimentation and/or head fixation. Habituation allows the mouse to acclimate to new environments, handlers, and handling techniques. This exposure can lower the mouses stress and can decrease the likelihood of mouse bites and/or jumps. Habituation timeline summary: Mice are habituated for a total of 5 days, involving daily handling and increasing durations of head fixation in the behavior enclosure. Mice can be either water restricted or on Adlib water during habituation. In days 1 and 2 mice are habituated to handling, and on days 3-5 head fixing is introduced. Utilize proper PPE when handling mice. Prioritize handling the mouse over the cage to minimize risk of mouse jumping/falling. Keep mouse cage covered when not attending to mouse. Follow IACUC and veterinary requirements for handling mice. Mice under water restriction should be closely monitored for health concerns due to the effects of dehydration. All mice should receive 1.0mL of water daily. Follow IACUC and veterinary requirements for water restricting mice.
Физико-механические свойства биологических тканей
Authors: Муслов С. А. , Перцов С. С. , Арутюнов С. Д.
Published: June 2024

Представлены исследования физико-механических свойств тканей органов на основании литературных и собственных опытных и расчетных данных. Описаны результаты измерения упругих модулей и нанотвердости интактной эмали и эмали с кариесом, а также исследования нанотвердости эмали зубов после охлаждения до сверхнизких температур (4,2 К). Анализируется отношение H/E и вязкость разрушения эмали и дентина в сравнении с другими материалами. Визуализирована матрица упругих постоянных дентина и эмали. Рассмотрены упругие модули, параметры упругой анизотропии и коэффициент Пуассона дентина и эмали как анизотропных сред гексагональной сингонии. Возможность такого подхода объясняется данными о морфологии твердых тканей зуба как биокомпозита с коллагеновой матрицей и минеральной составляющей в виде кристаллов апатитов. В рамках этой модели установлено, что коэффициент Пуассона дентина в некоторых направлениях выше теоретического предела 0,5 для изотропных материалов, в том числе композиционных, что может сказываться на качестве реставраций. Также установлено, что минимальные значения коэффициента Пуассона дентина и эмали больше нуля, то есть и дентин, и эмаль не являются ауксетиками – материалами с отрицательным коэффициентом Пуассона. Приведены данные по упругим свойствам и прочности околозубных тканей, периодонтальной связки и слизистой оболочки рта, а также кристаллов гидроксиапатита. Исследовано влияние пищевой диеты (напитков, молока и молочных продуктов, сыра, сахара и сладостей) и средств гигиены на твердость и шероховатость зубной эмали. Выполнено сравнение твердости эмали зубов человека и различных видов животных (растительноядных, плотоядных и морских). Установлено, что физико-механические свойства зубной эмали человека уникальны: они занимают достойное место на диаграмме “твердость – модуль упругости” биоминералов и других материалов, а по механическим характеристикам превосходят соответствующие показатели эмали зубов акул, ядовитых клыков кобры – самых опасных змей на земле и не уступают по твердости эмали клыков крыс – одних из наиболее живучих млекопитающих на планете и гиен с мощнейшими челюстями и невероятной жестокостью. Приведены начальные сведения из механики. Описаны параметры механических свойств тканей ушной раковины и биосовместимых силиконов для протезирования, сердечной мышцы, желчных протоков, урогенитальных тканей, отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта человека и животных. Результаты испытаний сопоставлены с гиперупругими моделями современной механики деформируемых тел. Книга предназначена студентам стоматологических и лечебных факультетов, ординаторам, аспирантам и слушателям факультетов последипломного образования медицинских вузов. Также она может быть полезна научным работникам институтов, преподавателям медицинской и биологической физики, нормальной и патологической физиологии.
Separação-individuação aos pais e resiliência nos conflitos no namoro em jovens adultos
Authors: Morais Helena , Pinheiro Mota Catarina
Published: June 2024

A qualidade da vinculação com as figuras parentais tem um papel privilegiado no desenvolvimento da individuação dos jovens adultos, na forma como estes experienciam as suas relações amorosas e na aptidão de lidarem com acontecimentos adversos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo testar o papel preditor da separação-individuação aos pais e da resiliência nos conflitos no namoro, assim como testar o papel moderador da resiliência na associação entre a separação-individuação aos pais e os conflitos no namoro. A amostra foi constituída por 948 sujeitos com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 30 anos de idade (M = 21.76, DP = 3.31). Os resultados apontam que os conflitos no namoro são preditos pela separação- individuação aos pais e pela resiliência. Os dados sugerem ainda o efeito moderador da resiliência na associação entre a intrusividade e autoconfiança na mãe e as estratégias de resolução de conflitos não abusivas e os comportamentos violentos.
Mücadele Sporlarında Hızlı Kilo Düşme Yöntemlerinin Kullanım Sıklığı: Hızlı Kilo Düşme Anketinin Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: Aktitiz Selin , Koşar Şükran Nazan , Turnagöl Hüsrev
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı mücadele sporlarında hızlı kilo düşme (HKD) yöntemlerinin kullanım sıklığını belirlemektir. İki evreden oluşan çalışmaya güreş, taekwondo, boks ve kickboks branşlarından birinde aktif kadın ve erkek sporcular katılmıştır (Güvenirlik çalışması n=93; ana çalışma n=271). Birinci evrede, sporcuların HKD yöntemlerini uygulama durumlarını saptayan, Artioli ve arkadaşları tarafından 2010 yılında geliştirilen, HKD Anketinin Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılmıştır. İkinci evrede ise HKD anketi kullanılarak farklı mücadele sporlarında tercih edilen HKD yöntemleri ve kullanım sıklıkları belirlenmiştir. Mücadele sporcularının %88,6’sı (Güreş: %79,3, kickboks: %91,2, taekwondo: %88,7 ve boks: %98,3) müsabaka öncesi kilo verdiğini belirtmiştir. HKD puanları; kickboks branşında (43,40 ± 14,22), taekwondo (39,94 ± 11,22) branşına benzer (p>0,05), güreş (34,11 ± 13,28) (p=0,000) ve boks (34,03 ± 8,46) (p=0,000) branşlarına kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. HKD yöntemlerinin kullanımını teşvik eden bireylerin başında antrenör (Çok etkili %: kickboks: %63,1; taekwondo: %54,8; güreş: %47,6) ve branş arkadaşları (Çok etkili %: boks: %44,1; taekwondo: %43,5; kickboks: %39,7) gelmektedir. En sık tercih edilen HKD yöntemleri incelendiğinde tüm katılımcılar egzersizi arttırma (%41,3) ve kademeli diyeti (%31,8) her zaman seçerken; diğer branşlardan farklı olarak boksörlerin tükürme (%59,3), sauna (%47,5) ve kusma (%42,4) gibi daha agresif yöntemleri tercih ettiği görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarından yola çıkılarak, tüm mücadele sporlarında yüksek prevelansa sahip HKD yöntemlerinin olumsuz etkilerine dair sporcu ve antrenörlerin bilgilendirilmesi, farkındalıklarının artırılması ve alternatif kilo düşme stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır.
Breaking the Glass Ceiling: A Teaching Case of a Serial Female Technopreneur's Cruise to Triumph
Authors:   Southern Cross University, Egodawele Mekhala , Sedera Darshana ,   Southern Cross University, Hall Lauren ,   iVvy
Published: June 2024

This teaching case depicts the journey of Lauren Hall – a serial technopreneur, who established five multi-million-dollar startups. The story of Lauren Hall details a series of key facets, embedded in her very own DNA, as the building blocks of a female technopreneur. It highlights how female technopreneurs could thrive amidst a range of hurdles and obstacles they confront, particularly in terms of gender-based issues, social stigmas, and a plethora of other challenges women confront in male dominated contexts. Gaining extensive insights through discussions with Lauren Hall, this teaching case portrays her resilience and tenacity that allowed her to break the ‘glass ceiling’ and steer through her journey where one could explore, (i) the traits, behaviors, and competencies necessary to become a successful tech entrepreneur, (ii) the unique challenges that female entrepreneurs face and identify capabilities and expertise needed to effectively navigate the female tech-entrepreneurial journey, (iii) the favorable role of digital technologies in providing further opportunities for disadvantaged communities, including developing countries, females and rural/regional areas and (iv) the relevant stakeholders necessary for the success of female technopreneurial ventures. The case and its teaching notes are suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate students following a contemporary information systems management course.
ON EUROPEAN IDENTITY:AN INTERDEPENDENCE OF ITS AXIOLOGICAL DIMENSION AND SUPRANATIONAL NATURE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pavliuk O.
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the current trends and features of the axiological (i.e., values) aspect of European identity as an integral part of European integration and geopolitics. It shows an interconnexion between the notions of 'values' and 'identity' from the standpoint of geopolitics; describes the evolution of the axiology of European identity, in particular in terms of its compatibility with national identities; and features its evolution at the present stage, with both foreign and domestic political factors taken into account. Given the dynamic nature of values, it is concluded that an understanding of the values component of (geo)political identity frames the peculiarities of current European integration.
INTERSTATE INVESTMENT LEGAL TREATMENT AS THE KEY COMPONENT OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS AND FACTOR OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Cherepovskyi К.
Published: June 2024

The article is dedicated to the selection of the main elements of modern international investment agreements, which has been done within tasks of cross-border scaling of entrepreneurial entities. Key research attention is paid to the concept of investment legal treatment as well as related to its functioning legal institutions and remedies in relation to which given some examples. It is named the general problems of international investment law, which specialized international institutions are devoted to settle. It is also proposed for the usage the concept of the construct of legal investment regime, which is provided with definition.
ASSESSMENT OF EU COHESION POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC: STRUCTURAL AND SECTORAL ASPECT
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Polishchuk L. , Chugaiev O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

The paper is devoted to analysis of the EU cohesion policy, assessment of its elaboration and implementation to decrease regional disproportions in the EU member states and regions. There is a focus on modern instruments of assistance under the pandemic as a reaction to social and economic challenges. The cohesion reports of the European Commission are discussed. Econometric analysis provided an evidence for efficiency of the cohesion policy at the NUTS-2 and NUTS-1 regions level. Conclusions on its effects on economic structure and development of the regions are provided. The most vulnerable types of regions and industries are determined. Assistance from the European structural and investment funds in some areas was stabilizing instrument, which smoothed recession under the pandemic.
THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL GROUNDS FOR RECOGNIZING THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS A STATE-SPONSORED TERRORISM AND PUNISHMENT FOR COMMITTING THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION (AGGRESSIVE WAR) AND WAR CRIMES ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mitsik V. , Prystupa A. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

In connection with armed aggression, violation of a range of international treaties, customary norms of international law, commission of acts of terrorism, many questions arise about the status of the state-sponsored terrorism and criminal prosecutions of the perpetrators of the offense. The purpose of this research is to examine and cover current issues of recognizing the Russian Federation as a state-sponsored terrorism and bringing to individual criminal responsibility the military-political leadership for the crime of aggression and war crimes. The research is based on such methods as analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison, formal-logical and analytical methods. The analysis and researches of the legal grounds in international law for the recognition of the Russian Federation as a state-sponsored terrorism were carried out, along with general provisions of individual criminal responsibility for crimes against international customary law. Doctrinal approaches to granting status and a definition of the concept of "state-sponsored terrorism" were contemplated and formed respectively, the categories for granting that status are emphasized and the recognition of the Russian Federation is justified by means of the analysis of requirements and documented cases and incidents of unlawful acts committed by Russia. The provisions of the Text of the Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts of the ILC, the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2625 (XXV), the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism are covered, as well as the prospects for recognition as a state-sponsored terrorism by the UN Security Council and the imposition of economic sanctions. The study reveals the issues of criminal responsibility of individuals, namely the military and political leadership of the Russian Federation for the crime of aggression and combatants, other persons for war crimes. The concept of crime of aggression and war crimes is defined, the accusations of the Russian Federation of waging an aggressive war of conquest and committing war crimes in accordance with the categories and summary of the reports of independent missions of international organizations are justified and grounded. Having exemined the provisions of international legal instruments, reports and statements of international organizations that were conducted in Ukraine on the fact of unlawful actions of the Russian Federation, several practical advices on the international legal recognition of Russia as a state-sponsored terrorism was developed and the concepts of creating a special tribunal for the crime of aggression were proposed and noted the prospective of the punishment and criminal responsibility of war criminals.
RESTITUTION OF CULTURAL VALUES AND LIMITATION OF ACTIONS RULES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, KRYVOLAPOV Bogdan
Published: June 2024

B a c k g r o u n d . The issue of restitution and the return of cultural values in Ukraine has gained particular relevance in light of the aggression against our country. Monitoring groups report the illegal export of cultural artifacts to the occupying nation, with some potentially finding their way into Russian museums. However, a considerable portion might be privately owned abroad, necessitating legal measures for their repatriation. M e t h o d s . The research employed various methods, including dialectical, systemic-structural, and comparative-legal approaches. R e s u l t s . The author examines the nuances of limitation of actions applied to claims in the return of cultural values both in Civil law countries and Common law countries. The "adverse possession" doctrine, used in Civil law countries, is examined. For this purpose, the Civil Code of Switzerland and the Code of Cultural and Landscape Heritage of Italy were scrutinized and analyzed. The application of limitation of actions in disputes concerning the return of cultural artifacts in Common Law countries is examined separately. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects of June 24, 1995. It has been proven that the approach used in this convention is flexible and balanced and contributes to the protection of both the original owner and the bona fide purchaser. C o n c l u s i o n s . The application of the "adverse possession" doctrine in its pure form has been found to pose significant challenges for the original owners of unlawfully seized cultural property. The effectiveness of the concept of limitation of actions in disputes related to the repatriation of cultural property in the UK has been established, providing adequate protection for the rights of the object owners. It is claimed that it is appropriate to establish special limitation of actions rules for the restitution and return of cultural values in Ukrainian legislation. As an example, one could consider adopting a model similar to that provided for in the UNIDROIT Convention or in the Code of Cultural and Landscape Heritage of Italy.
MILITARY-TECHNICAL COOPERATION AS A TOOL OF CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, BUT Stanislav
Published: June 2024

Background. From the moment of its proclamation, the People's Republic of China sought to modernize the armed forces – the People's Liberation Army. The lack of a military-industrial complex was a significant problem, which the Chinese communist leadership has been trying to solve through active military-technical cooperation with international actors. Indeed, the active procurement of weapons allowed the PRC to reach parity or even surpass the US in a number of aspects. Meanwhile, the MTC has turned into not only a mechanism for strengthening national security, but also a tool of foreign policy. Methods. The following methods were used: analytical, historical, statistical, generalization. In the course of the research, the author relied on the principle of objectivism. Results. Solving the problem of the weakness of the technical and technological level of the PLA, China used the geopolitical conjuncture to obtain arms supplies. A key role was played by cooperation first with the USSR, and then with the russian federation. This partnership was associated with the introduction of an embargo by Western countries due to the events in Tiananmen Square. An important factor was also the supply of military equipment from Ukraine. At the same time, in the conditions of a full-scale russian-Ukrainian war, Beijing became an exporter of dual purpose products to russia. Overall, using the factors of unauthorized copying, low price policies and arms sales to sanctioned regimes, Beijing has become one of the world's top five arms exporters. China mainly exports weapons to Asian countries, and has also significantly strengthened its position in the African market. However, quality and service issues are causing more and more questions from buyers. Conclusions. Among the consequences of China's MTC: 1. creation of its own autonomous military industry; 2. obtaining an additional source for financing the modernization of the PLA; 3. significant strengthening of military capabilities in the context of global rivalry with the USA; 4. increased aggressiveness in foreign policy and worsening of relations with neighboring countries and the USA; 5. course on militarization of neighboring Asian countries and strengthening of their cooperation with the USA; 6. creating additional opportunities for strengthening authoritarian regimes through military and technical support and even promoting its aggressiveness towards other countries; 7. fueling bloody wars by non-democratic regimes; 8. obtaining greater access to the minerals of the countries of the Global South and increasing the level of dependence on cooperation with Beijing; 9. strengthening of new arms exporters (such as Pakistan) and weakening of others (russia, USA, Germany).
INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL DIMENSION OF THE SECURITIZATION CONCEPT: THEORETICAL BASIS AND JUSTIFICATION
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, METELIEV Ivan
Published: June 2024

The term "securitization" derives its origin from the word "security". At the end of the 20th century this question has formed as a subject of active academic debate, especially in Western countries, but any attempts to give a universal definition of the concept of "security" have faced difficulties in its use or the presence of an ideological element in it. Security was more often interpreted only as a goal to which states strive, that is, as a form without an expressive and certain content. The desire for a conceptual review and the need for an expanded interpretation of the concept of security led to the emergence of a new theory by B. Buzan and O. Wever, and the author tries to find out what the significance of this approach is in terms of world politics.
THE ROLE OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE IN CHINA'S GLOBAL STRATEGY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, ALIYEV Hamidulla
Published: June 2024

This article analyses the role and influence of the Belt and Road Initiative on the foreign policy of the People's Republic of China(PRC), the historical background of the creation and development of the Initiative, and the general place of the strategy in PRC’s foreign policy. In addition, this article examines the place and role of certain regions of the world in terms of project implementation, the main preconditions and reasons for China's presence in these regions, and analyses the key interests of the parties in the framework of cooperation. The article also examines current challenges and their impact on the Initiative.
GEOPOLITICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE HORN OF AFRICA
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, NOVYTSKA Natalia
Published: June 2024

B a c k g r o u n d . The article provides a description of the Horn of Africa and examines recent security transformations for a number of states in the region. The Horn of Africa is a strategically important region for African and global trade and security. The organization of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development is the main platform for the settlement of complex interstate relations for the countries of the region. M e t h o d s . The following methods were used: analytical, historical, generalization. During the research, the authors relied on the principle of objectivism. R e s u l t s . In the region of the Horn of Africa, intense rivalry and competition between states is observed, which does not contribute to the consolidation and solution of security challenges, and as a result to the economic growth of the region as a whole. Numerous conflicts both within individual states of the Horn of Africa and between them undermine the stability of the region. Competition for the influence of extra regional powers also does not contribute to the consolidation of the states of the Horn of Africa. C o n c l u s i o n s . The conflictogenicity of the Horn of Africa develops according to the "spillover" effect, which emphasizes the interdependence of the security situation of the states of the region. Conflicts developing in different states of the region have a tendency to spread beyond the sovereign borders of the countries and have an impact on the destabilization of other states of the region. In particular, the long-term conflict in Somalia is affecting the destabilization of neighboring Kenya and Ethiopia. The conflicts in Sudan affect the security situation in South Sudan and Ethiopia, etc.
Green Chemistry Approaches to Vulcanization: Reducing Environmental Impact in Rubber Manufacturing
Authors: Roberts Charlotte , Pydipalli Rajani , Tejani Jayadip GhanshyamBhai , Nizamuddin Md.
Published: June 2024

To lessen its environmental influence, this study explores using green chemical techniques in rubber manufacturing vulcanization procedures. The primary goals are investigating bio-based additives, innovative catalysts, ionic liquids, renewable energy sources, circular economy strategies, and life cycle assessment techniques. From a methodological standpoint, the study uses an extensive literature review to investigate the present status of industry practices and research in green chemistry for vulcanization. Important discoveries demonstrate how innovative catalysts, ionic liquids, and bio-based additives can reduce environmental damage while boosting process effectiveness. Furthermore, combining the concepts of the circular economy with renewable energy sources is a potential approach to sustainability. The policy implications highlight the necessity of creating regulatory frameworks, encouraging cooperation, and providing incentives for research and development to facilitate the shift to more environmentally friendly vulcanization procedures. This study emphasizes how critical it is to adopt green chemistry ideas to accomplish environmental responsibility and long-term sustainability in the rubber industry.
Cognitive impairment in long-COVID
Authors: Tozkir Julide , Turkmen Cigdem , Topcular Baris
Published: June 2024

Background – Long Covid is a complex condition characterised by symptoms that persist for weeks and months after the Covid infection, accompanied by cognitive im­pairment that negatively affects daily life. Understanding this complex condition is important for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Purpose – This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cognitive impairment in long-COVID, including its definition, symptoms, pathophysiology, risk factors, assessment tools, imaging abnormalities, potential biomarkers, management strategies, long-term outcomes, and future directions for research. Methods – The search methodology used in this review aimed to include a wide range of research on cognitive impairment related to both COVID-19 and long-COVID. Systematic searches of PubMed and Google Scholar databases were conducted using a mixture of MeSH terms and keywords including ‘cognition’, ‘cognitive impairment’, ‘brain fog’, ‘COVID-19’ and ‘long-COVID’. The search was restricted to studies published in English between 1 January 2019 and 11 February 2024, which presented findings on neurological manifestations in human participants. Results – Long-COVID is characterized by persistent symptoms following COVID-19 infection, with cognitive impairment being a prominent feature. Symptoms include brain fog, difficulties with concentration, memory issues, and executive function deficits. Pathophysiological mechanisms involve viral persistence, immune responses, and vascular damage. Risk factors include age, pre-existing conditions, and disease severity. Cognitive assessment tools such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are essential for diagnosis. Imaging studies, including MRI, PET, and SPECT, reveal structural and functional brain alterations. Potential biomarkers include C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and neuron-specific enolase. Management strategies encompass cognitive rehabilitation, occupational therapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications. Discussion – Long-COVID poses a multifaceted challenge, and cognitive impairment significantly impacts patients’ lives. A multidisciplinary approach, including cognitive rehabilitation and medication when appropriate, is essential for effective management. Future research should focus on validating biomarkers and understanding long-term cognitive outcomes. Conclusion – Long-COVID is a global health concern, and cognitive impairment is a distressing symptom. While pharmacological interventions have potential, they require careful consideration. Continued research is crucial for improving the understanding and treatment of cognitive impairment in long-COVID.
Statistical evaluation of measured biomechanical properties of human brain aneurysm samples
Authors: Tóth Brigitta Krisztina , Lengyel András , Nyáry István
Published: June 2024

Background and purpose – Human brain aneurysms may often prove fatal if not recognized in time and treated accordingly. The understanding of development and rupture of aneurysms can significantly be improved by the application of numerical modelling, which in turn, requires the knowledge of mechanical properties of vessel wall. This study aims to identify assumed differences with respect to age, sex, spatial orientation, and rupture by utilizing detailed statistical analysis of uniaxial tensile measurements of human brain aneurysm samples, performed by the authors in a previous project. Methods – At surgery of 42 patients, aneurysm fundi were cut distally to the clip. In each case, depending on size, varying number of stripes (altogether 88) were prepared and uniaxial stress-strain measurements were performed. Quantities related to the capacity, energy absorption or stiffness were determined and statistically analysed. Results – The number of specimens in the aneurysm sample was sufficient to establish statistical differences with respect to sex and rupture (p<0.05). No significant differences were detected in orientation, though higher values of stresses and deformations were obtained in the circumferential direction compared to the meridional direction. Conclusion – Significant differences between sexes with respect to ultimate deformations were demonstrated according to expectation, and the hypothesis on equality of energy capacity could be supported. Similarity of curves with respect to specimen orientation was also observed and ruptured aneurysm sacs tended to be smaller in size. It seems that differences and trends described in this paper are realistic and need to be applied in numerical modelling.
A comparison of quantitative parameters of axial posture and spinal mobility between motor subtypes of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sonkaya Riza , Yaşa Mustafa Ertuğrul , Korkmaz Buse , Kuz Betül , Sonkaya Zeynep Zeliha , Öztürk Bilgin , Karadaş Ömer
Published: June 2024

Background and purpose – Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder characterized by contradictory clinical outcomes among its several subtypes. The disease can manifest with a tremor-dominant (TD) or a non-tremordominant (NTD) phenotype. Although the TD subtype may show a better prognosis, there is limited information on the phenotypic differences regarding the level of axial symptoms. For this reason, in this study it was aimed to make a quantitative comparison of axial posture and spinal mobility between PD with TD and NTD. Methods – This case-control study was conducted on 94 patients with diagnosed PD. A group diagnosis approach was used in the study, such that the diagnosis of each patient was confirmed, and they were assigned to TD and NTD groups by a neurologist expert on movement disorders. Of the patients with PD, 61 were in the TD group, and 33 were in the NTD group. Spinal mouse was used to measure spinal posture and spinal mobility in both sagittal and frontal planes. Results – Two groups of 61 patients (25 male + 36 female) with TD-PD (mean age: 64.49±10.37 years) and 33 patients (20 male +13 female) with NTD-PD (mean age: 63.45±9.11 years) were enrolled in the study. There were no significant differences between the patients with TD and NTD in terms of sagittal and frontal postures (p>0.05). In addition to this, anterior trunk tilt was found to significantly increase as the disease stage advanced in both groups. While the greatest anterior trunk tilt change in the TD-PD group was observed in the 3rd stage, NTD-PD group was in the 2.5th stage. Aside from this, the outcomes of the spinal mobility measurements in the frontal and sagittal planes were similar between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion – It is widely acknowledged that many clinical aspects of the TD and NTD forms of PD differ; however, in our study, it was observed that there may be no difference in the axial symptoms of the patients with PD in terms of classification according to tremor dominance.
Sepsis pathophysiology and blood purification therapies: a literature review.
Authors: Eleni Sertaridou , Vasileios Papaioannou
Published: June 2024

Sepsis represents a lethal dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction. Extracorporeal blood purification is proposed as an adjuvant therapy for sepsis, aiming at controlling the associated dysregulation of the immune system, preventing multiorgan failure. Even in the absence of strong indications deriving from large clinical studies, the removal of mediators is increasingly used in septic shock and in other clinical conditions characterized by a hyperinflammatory response. Different therapies have been developed to address certain steps of the immune dysregulation besides classical renal replacement therapy, such us High Volume Hemofiltration, High-cut-off membrane hemofiltration, hemoadsorption treatments and coupled plasma filtration and adsorption. Despite the different underlying mechanisms of action, most of such available devices focus on a single target, such as endotoxins, cytokines, or both, that triggers the inflammatory cascade. The attention in this review is focused on presenting Blood Purification Techniques and the evidence of their clinical effectiveness, clarifying the indications, ideal patient selection, timing, dosing and biomonitoring, important issues that should be solved in the future, to enable usage of these therapies in the best possible and most targeted manner.
Thoracoscopy in a country with limited resources in sub-Saharan Africa: a first series of cases from Togo
Authors: Damessane Lamboni , Bignandi Kondoh , paatib Barnabo , Tarek Alassani , A Issa-Toure , Komi Adjoh , Komlan Adabra , Boyodi Tchangaï
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is experiencing significant growth nowadays. However, in Africa, it is slow to develop. The objectives of this study were to describe the indications and results of thoracoscopy in low and incomes country as Togo. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients who underwent exploration and therapeutic procedures by video-assisted surgery from June 2019 to November 2020 and from January 2022 to September 2023 (39 months) in Lomé. Results: Sixteen patients underwent thoracoscopy during the study period. The mean age was 46.06 +/- 23 years. Patients over 45 years old represented 56.2%. The male-to-female ratio was 2.2. Six patients underwent preoperative pleural biopsies. Videothoracoscopy was diagnostic in 10 patients and therapeutic in 6 patients. It was performed under general anesthesia with or without selective intubation in the majority of cases (14/16). Two ports were used in the majority of cases (8/16). Biopsies were performed in 11 patients and intraoperative pleural talc pleurodesis in 4 patients. Pleural debridement was performed in 2 patients. Conversion to thoracotomy was done in 5 patients. The average drainage duration was 4 days. The average length of hospital stay was 5 days. Morbidity and mortality were marked by one case of bronchopleural fistula. Conclusion: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is in its early stages in Togo. Preliminary results are encouraging for its development in Togo.
HIGH-FLOW NASAL OXYGEN THERAPY: AN ALTERNATIVE TO PRE-OXYGENATION IN THE OPERATING ROOM
Authors: D Farjia , M ezzahiri , A belgaout , S Chabar , F Faouji , A Mounir , C Kettani , Elmehdi Mabchour
Published: June 2024

High-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFO) is a device that supplies warmed and humidified inspiratory gas through a nasal cannula at higher flow rates than conventional oxygen therapy, with an inspired oxygen fraction that can fluctuate from 21% to 100%. The primary aim of our study is to compare the efficacy of ONHD versus face mask. This trial was an experimental cohort study carried out at the Central Block of the Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca, over a period of three months, and involved 40 patients distributed into two groups: the face mask PO group (n=20) and the ONHD PO group (n=20). We evaluated apnea time without desaturation (SPO2˃95%), mean SPO2 during pre-oxygenation and apnea time, ETCO2 value after intubation and the frequency of complications during pre-oxygenation, The results show that ONHD compared with the face mask prolongs the duration of apnea without desaturation (SPO2˃95%), especially in high-risk patients, especially obese individuals.
Adolescent Emotional Well-Being and Social Media Addiction: The COVID-19 Pandemic's Influence on Mental Health
Authors: Kingsley Kristine , Mulder Andreas , Camacho Diego , Lasprilla Juan
Published: June 2024

Currently, many adolescents allocate over three hours daily to their engagement with social media platforms. It is a prevalent practice among adolescents to invest significant time online without complete awareness of the adverse impact it may have on their emotional and social well-being. Considering this, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the evolution of social media addiction in the post-COVID19 era, its repercussions on the emotional well-being of adolescents, and to identify predictive factors for the onset of emotional distress. The study encompassed 848 adolescents, aged 10 to 22, primarily from the United States. Data was collected using various questionnaires including the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Patient-Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), as well as the Pediatric Quality of Life scale (PedsQL). The findings revealed a significant increase in social media addiction scores (p<0.0001) between before and during the pandemic. A slight and statistically insignificant decrease (p=0.5481) was observed during the time of the pandemic to after. Comparing the results during the pandemic with those after, it was evident that adolescents reported lower scores on the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and DASS-21, signifying an enhancement in mental health. The study also identified the use of social media and past experiences of cyberbullying as predictive factors for elevated scores on the PHQ-9, GAD-7, DASS-21, and BSMAS. These findings indicate the utility of these factors in forecasting both social media addiction and declines in mental well-being.
Consequences of U.S. COVID-19 Policy in 2024
Authors: Lepkowsky Charles
Published: June 2024

COVID-19 is entering its fifth year as an active contagion. The evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic is explored with attention to epidemiology, virology, prevalence and prevalence variations based on geographic regionality, age, gender, political affiliation and other variables, policy, proliferation of variants, evidence-based methods for diagnosis, vaccination, testing and treatment, COVID complications, and long COVID. Current consequences of COVID-19 party politics are described including current vaccination and mortality rates, long COVID denialism, COVID exceptionalism, abandonment of safety protocols, adverse outcomes and fatalities, healthcare provider burnout, impact on access to healthcare, economic impact, impact on population-wide IQ, and likely contagion trajectory. Specific recommendations are made for COVID-19 pandemic management.
Approaches to Teaching Medical Procedural Skills: A Scoping Review
Authors: Taraporewalla Kersi , Eriksson Lars , Barach Paul , Lipman Jeffrey , Zundert André
Published: June 2024

Background. Current approaches to teaching medical procedural skills were developed over 70 years ago. Developments in teaching, movement control, motor learning, educational technology, and understanding of human cognition need to be integrated into the contemporary teaching of medical procedural skills. Objective. This scoping review analyses approaches to developing motor skills and examines the key elements supporting contemporary medical procedural skills training. Design. The PRISMA-ScR extension was employed in this review. The methodology had twenty applicable items. The databases used were PubMed, ERIC, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, ProQuest Education database, A+Education, Scopus and Web of Science to identify papers and texts published between 1980 and 2023 related to frameworks for teaching medical psychomotor tasks, motor skills, and motor learning to inform approaches to developing medical procedural skills. Data were extracted independently by each of the two researchers, using a standardised form. Results. Three main framework models were identified. An early model, a ‘see one, do one, teach one’ mentoring model, was recognised. The cognitive-based representative model gained popularity for medical procedural skill development in the 1990s and persists in simulation-based training. Most biomedical publications promote a cognitive representative model of skill development. The non-medical domains propose an ecological model of movements leading to a constraint-led approach. There is a lack of experimental evidence to support the effectiveness of these frameworks. Conclusions. While medical education trains with a cognitive-based representative model, other domains have successfully evolved to a constraint-led approach. Further investigation into the applicability and evaluation of ecological models in medical procedural skills development is needed. Scoping review registration: This protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework.