bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design Space Exploration for High-Speed Implementation of the MISTY1 Block Cipher
Authors: Hasan Raza , Khizar Yasir , Mahmood Salman , Sheikh Muhammad Kashif
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes 2 × unrolled high-speed architectures of the MISTY1 block cipher for wireless applications including sensor networks and image encryption. Design space exploration is carried out for 8-round MISTY1 utilizing dual-edge trigger (DET) and single-edge trigger (SET) pipelines to analyze the tradeoff w.r.t. speed/area. The design is primarily based on the optimized implementation of lookup tables (LUTs) for MISTY1 and its core transformation functions. The LUTs are designed by logically formulating S9/S7 s-boxes and FI and {FO + 32-bit XOR} functions with the fine placement of pipelines. Highly efficient and high-speed MISTY1 architectures are thus obtained and implemented on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA), Virtex-7, XC7VX690T. The high-speed/very high-speed MISTY1 architectures acquire throughput values of 25.2/43 Gbps covering an area of 1331/1509 CLB slices, respectively. The proposed MISTY1 architecture outperforms all previous MISTY1 implementations indicating high speed with low area achieving high efficiency value. The proposed architecture had higher efficiency values than the existing AES and Camellia architectures. This signifies the optimizations made for proposed high-speed MISTY1 architectures.
Hand Gesture Recognition Algorithm Using SVM and HOG Model for Control of Robotic System
Authors: Huu Phat Nguyen , Phung Ngoc Tan
Published: June 2021

In this study, we propose the gesture recognition algorithm using support vector machines (SVM) and histogram of oriented gradient (HOG). Besides, we also use the CNN model to classify gestures. We approach and select techniques of applying problem controlling for the robotic system. The goal of the algorithm is to detect gestures with real-time processing speed, minimize interference, and reduce the ability to capture unintentional gestures. Static gesture controls are used in this study including on, off, increasing, and decreasing. Besides, it uses motion gestures including turning on the status switch and increasing and decreasing the volume. Results show that the algorithm is up to 99% accuracy with a 70-millisecond execution time per frame that is suitable for industrial applications.
Weighted Composition Operators from Derivative Hardy Spaces into
n
-th Weighted-Type Spaces
Authors: Hu Nanhui
Published: June 2021

The boundedness, compactness, and the essential norm of weighted composition operators from derivative Hardy spaces into

n

-th weighted-type spaces are investigated in this paper.
Big Data Credit Report in Credit Risk Management of Consumer Finance
Authors: Gao Lu , Xiao Jian
Published: June 2021

Traditional consumer finance is a modern financial service method that provides consumer loans to consumers of all classes. With the gradual improvement of China’s credit reporting system, big data credit reporting has effectively made up for the lack of traditional credit reporting and has been widely used in the consumer finance industry. In this context, the in‐depth analysis of the specific application of big data credit reporting in the credit risk management of consumer finance and the strengthening of the research on the application of big data credit reporting in the credit risk management of consumer finance are urgently needed to be resolved in the economic and financial theoretical and practical circles’ problem. This article mainly studies the research on credit risk management of consumer finance by big data. The experimental results of this paper show that the model has a good forecasting ability, can distinguish between normal loan customers and default loan customers, and is suitable for practical personal credit risk control business. The prediction accuracy of the default model of the fusion model is 97.14%, and the default rate corresponding to the actual business is 2.86%. By combining the risk items such as the blacklist and gray list in the Internet finance industry, the bad debt rate and illegal usury can be well controlled to meet industry supervision.
Low-Temperature Synthesis of Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films by Sol-Gel Dip Coating Method
Authors: Chotirat Ladawan , Niyomwas Sutham , Wongpisan Witthawat , Supothina Sitthisuntorn
Published: June 2021

The vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films were synthesized by sol-gel dipping on a glass slide substrate at low temperature of 500°C in a vacuum tube furnace at a pressure of 2 × 10−3 mbar by 2-step calcination without an intermediate gas purging. Synthesis conditions, including temperature, vacuum pressure, and calcination steps in the vacuum tube furnace, were investigated to find the optimum condition that promoted the formation of VO2 phase. It was found that the 2nd calcination step was very important in realizing the monoclinic vanadium dioxide (VO2 (M)). The results of the valence electron analysis revealed the outstanding phase of VO2 and a small amount of V2O5 and V2O3 phases. The small crystallites of the VO2 were homogeneously distributed on the surface, and the grain was of an irregular shape of ∼220−380 nm in size. The film’s thickness was in a range of 69−74 nm. The film exhibited a metal-to-insulator transformation temperature of ∼68oC and good thermochromic property. Visible optical transmittance remained at ∼40−50% when the sample’s temperature changed from 25 to 80°C for a near infrared (NIR) region.
Adsorption Phenomenon of Arundinaria alpina Stem-Based Activated Carbon for the Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Asrat Yosef , Adugna Amare Tiruneh , Kamaraj M. , Beyan Surafel Mustefa
Published: June 2021

In this study, activated carbon was prepared from locally available bamboo (Arundinaria alpina) in Ethiopia to remove Pb (II) from wastewater. Various effects such as solution pH, initial Pb (II) ion concentration, and adsorbent dose were investigated and accordingly discussed, and the process was carried out on a batch adsorption base. Dried Arundinaria alpina stem was activated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) at a ratio of 1 : 1 (w/v) and carbonized in a furnace at three temperature ranges (500oC, 600oC, and 700oC) for 3 h. The physicochemical of Arundinaria alpina stem activated carbon (AASAC) was investigated and the resultant of 500oC treatment setup is found as ideal in terms of yield (40.6 g), ash (3.5%), porosity (0.704%), moisture (7.7%), and iodine number (814.69 mg/g). The further characterization of ideal AASAC was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR). The optimum Pb (II) removal efficiency of AASAC was 99.8% at pH 5 in a synthetic solution, but the efficiency declined to 60.42% on real industrial wastewater due to the presence of its mixed pollutant nature. Freundlich isotherm model is more favorable than Langmuir with a high correlation coefficient (R2-0.9496) for Pb (II) adsorption. The study revealed that AASAC has a potential adsorption efficiency to remove the Pb (II) ion from the aqueous solution which is also recommended as an adsorbent for real industry wastewater treatment.
Evaluation of Retinal Structure and Optic Nerve Function Changes in Multiple Sclerosis: Longitudinal Study with 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Estiasari Riwanti , Diwyacitta Adisresti , Sidik Muhammad , Rida Ariarini Ni Nengah , Sitorus Freddy , Marwadhani Saraf Shafa , Maharani Kartika , Imran Darma , Arpandy Reza Aditya , Pangeran David , Hakim Manfaluthy
Published: June 2021

Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system which often involves the optic nerve even though only 20% of the patients experience optic neuritis (ON). Objective. This study aims to compare the retinal structure and optic nerve function between patients with MS and healthy controls (HCs), evaluate optic nerve alterations in MS over 1-year follow-up, and analyze its correlations with disease duration, number of relapses, degree of disability, and different subtypes. Methods. This is a prospective cohort study involving 58 eyes of MS patients. Optic nerve function was evaluated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, and P100 latency, while the retinal structure was evaluated from the GCIPL and RNFL thickness measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus photography. Results. The MS group had lower BCVA (

p
=
0.001

), contrast sensitivity (

p
<
0.001

), mean GCIPL thickness (

p
<
0.001

), and mean RNFL thickness (

p
<
0.001

) than HC. At 6 and 12 months of observations, GCIPL and RNFL (nasal quadrant) of MS patients decreased significantly (

p
=
0.007

and

p
=
0.004

, respectively). Disease duration and the number of relapses correlated with delayed P100 latency (r = −0.61,

p
<
0.001

and r = −0.46,

p
=
0.02

). GCIPL and RNFL in the SPMS subtype were thinner than in RRMS. Conclusions. The retinal structure and optic nerve function of MS patients are worse than those of normal individuals. GCIPL and RNFL thinning occurs at 6 and 12 months but do not correlate with disease duration, the number of relapses, and degree of disability.
Computationally Efficient Unitary ESPRIT Algorithm in Bistatic MIMO Radar
Authors: Liu Baobao , Xue Tao , Xu Cong , Liu Yongjun
Published: June 2021

A low complexity unitary estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm is presented for angle estimation in bistatic multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar. The devised algorithm only requires calculating two submatrices covariance matrix, which reduces the computation cost in comparison with subspace methods. Moreover, the signal subspace can be efficiently acquired by exploiting the NystrÖm method, which only needs

O

M
N

K

2

flops. Thus, the presented algorithm has an essentially diminished computational effort, especially useful when

K
≪
M
N

, while it can achieve efficient angle estimation accuracy as well as the existing algorithms. Several theoretical analysis and simulation results are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed scheme.
Cloning and Characterization of Immunological Properties of Haemophilus influenzae Enolase
Authors: Osorio-Aguilar Yesenia , Gonzalez-Vazquez Maria Cristina , Lozano-Zarain Patricia , Martinez-Laguna Ygnacio , Carabarin-Lima Alejandro , del Carmen Rocha-Gracia Rosa
Published: June 2021

Haemophilus influenzae is a common organism of the human upper respiratory tract; this bacterium is responsible of a wide spectrum for respiratory infections and can generate invasive diseases such as meningitis and septicemia. These infections are associated with H. influenzae encapsulated serotype b. However, the incidence of invasive disease caused by nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) has increased in the post-H. influenzae serotype b (Hib) vaccine era. Currently, an effective vaccine against NTHi is not available; due to this, it is important to find an antigen capable to confer protection against NTHi infection. In this study, 10 linear B cell epitopes and 13 CTL epitopes and a putative plasminogen-binding motif (252FYNKENGMY260) and the presence of enolase on the surface of different strains of H. influenzae were identified in the enolase sequence of H. influenzae. Both in silico and experimental results showed that recombinant enolase from H. influenzae is immunogenic that could induce a humoral immune response; this was observed mediating the generation of specific polyclonal antibodies anti-rNTHiENO that recognize typeable and nontypeable H. influenzae strains. The immunogenic properties and the superficial localization of enolase in H. influenzae, important characteristics to be considered as a new candidate for the development of a vaccine, were demonstrated.
Phytochemistry, Toxicology, and Pharmacological Properties of Origanum elongatum
Authors: Abdelaali Balahbib , El Menyiy Naoual , El Omari Nasreddine , Benali Taoufiq , Guaouguaou Fatima-Ezzahrae , Salhi Najoua , Naceiri Mrabti Hanae , Bouyahya Abdelhakim
Published: June 2021

Origanum elongatum L. is an endemic aromatic and medicinal plant. This work reports previous studies on O. elongatum concerning its taxonomy, botanical description, geographical distribution, bioactive compounds, toxicology, and biological effects. Chemical analyses showed that O. elongatum contains different chemical compounds, in particular volatile compounds. Pharmacological investigations showed that volatile compounds and extracts from O. elongatum exhibit different pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, vasodilator, corrosion inhibitor, and hepatoprotective effects. Moreover, toxicological reports revealed the safety of this species. The pharmacological effects of O. elongatum could be correlated with the main compounds, which exhibit different pharmacological properties with numerous mechanism insights.
Analysis of lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA Expression Profiling in Type I IFN and Type II IFN Overexpressed in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Li Congcong , Han Haoyuan , Li Xiuling , Wu Jiao , Li Xinfeng , Niu Hui , Li Wantao
Published: June 2021

Current data is scarce regarding the function of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the interferon- (IFN-) mediated immune response. This is a comprehensive study that analyzes the lncRNA and miRNA expression profiles of the type I IFN and type II IFN in porcine alveolar macrophages using RNA sequencing. There was a total of 152 overexpressed differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 21 DE miRNAs across type I IFN and type II IFN in porcine alveolar macrophages. Subsequent lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network construction revealed the involvement of 36 DE lncRNAs and 12 DE miRNAs. LncRNAs such as the XLOC_211306, XLOC_100516, XLOC_00695, XLOC_149196, and XLOC_014459 were expressed at a higher degree in the type I IFN group, while XLOC_222640, XLOC_047290, XLOC_147777, XLOC_162298, XLOC_220210, and XLOC_165237 were expressed at a higher degree in the type II IFN group. These lncRNAs were found to act as “sponges” for miRNAs such as miR-34a, miR-328, miR-885-3p, miR-149, miR-30c-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR-708-5p, miR-193a-5p, miR-365-5p, and miR-7. Their target genes FADS2, RPS6KA1, PIM1, and NOD1 were found to be associated with several immune-related signaling pathways including the NOD-like receptor, Jak-STAT, mTOR, and PPAR signaling pathways. These experiments provide a comprehensive profile of overexpressed noncoding RNAs in porcine alveolar macrophages, providing new insights regarding the IFN-mediated immune response.
[Retracted] A Prognostic Model for Brain Glioma Patients Based on 9 Signature Glycolytic Genes
Authors: Bingxiang Xiao , Panxing Wu , Lu Feng , Xiuyou Yan , Chao Ding
Published: June 2021

Objective. To screen glycolytic genes linked to the glioma prognosis and construct the prognostic model. Methods. The relevant data of glioma were downloaded from TCGA and GTEx databases. GSEA of glycolysis‐related pathways was carried out, and enriched differential genes were extracted. Screening out prognostic‐related genes with conspicuous significance and construction of the prognostic model were conducted by multivariate Cox regression analysis and Lasso regression analysis. The model was evaluated, and cBioPortal was used to analyze the mutation of the model gene. The expression of the model gene in tumor and normal colon tissue was analyzed. The model was used to evaluate the prognosis of patients in different groups to verify the applicability of the model. Results. 339 differentially glycolytic‐related genes were enriched in REACTOME_GLYCOLYSIS, GLYCOLYTIC_PROCESS, HALLMARK_GLYCOLYSIS, and other pathways. We obtained 9 key prognostic genes and constructed the prognostic evaluation model. The 3‐year AUC values of the ROC curve display model are greater than 0.75, which indicates that the accuracy of the model is good. The relation of age and risk score to prognosis is shown by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. The expression of SRD5A3, MDH2, and B3GAT3 genes was significantly upregulated in the tumor tissues, while the HDAC4 and G6PC2 genes were downregulated. The mutation rate of MDH2 and HDAC4 genes was the highest. This model could effectively distinguish the risk of poor prognosis of patients in any age stage. Conclusion. The prognostic assessment models based on glycolysis‐related nine‐gene signature could accurately predict the prognosis of patients with GBM.
3D Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Scaffolds: From Preparations and Properties to Tissue Regeneration Applications
Authors: Han Shanshan , Nie Kexin , Li Jingchao , Sun Qingqing , Wang Xiaofeng , Li Xiaomeng , Li Qian
Published: June 2021

Electrospun nanofibers have been frequently used for tissue engineering due to their morphological similarities with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and tunable chemical and physical properties for regulating cell behaviors and functions. However, most of the existing electrospun nanofibers have a closely packed two-dimensional (2D) membrane with the intrinsic shortcomings of limited cellular infiltration, restricted nutrition diffusion, and unsatisfied thickness. Three-dimensional (3D) electrospun nanofiber-based scaffolds can provide stem cells with 3D microenvironments and biomimetic fibrous structures. Thus, they have been demonstrated to be good candidates for in vivo repair of different tissues. This review summarizes the recent developments in 3D electrospun nanofiber-based scaffolds (ENF-S) for tissue engineering. Three types of 3D ENF-S fabricated using different approaches classified into electrospun nanofiber 3D scaffolds, electrospun nanofiber/hydrogel composite 3D scaffolds, and electrospun nanofiber/porous matrix composite 3D scaffolds are discussed. New functions for these 3D ENF-S and properties, such as facilitated cell infiltration, 3D fibrous architecture, enhanced mechanical properties, and tunable degradability, meeting the requirements of tissue engineering scaffolds were discovered. The applications of 3D ENF-S in cartilage, bone, tendon, ligament, skeletal muscle, nerve, and cardiac tissue regeneration are then presented with a discussion of current challenges and future directions. Finally, we give summaries and future perspectives of 3D ENF-S in tissue engineering and clinical transformation.
Analyzing the Effects of Cross-Border E-Commerce Industry Transfer Using Big Data
Authors: Wang Cuimin
Published: June 2021

With the increasing diversification and personalization of consumer demand in the international market, coupled with the rapid development of the internet, the many advantages of cross-border e-commerce as an emerging trading model have become more apparent. When the hybrid system synergy model is based on the effective combination of the systems, the overall performance is greater than the sum of various elements’ simple superposition. As the upstream chain of modern logistics, cross-border e-commerce requires its virtual characteristics to develop in the direction of informationization, automation, and intelligence. Only when they are interdependent and mutually promoted can they achieve greater synergy. The regional difference measurement theory is often used to measure the effect of cross-border e-commerce industry transfer. First, build a cross-border e-commerce industry transfer effect measurement model to analyze the development level of China’s cross-border e-commerce, for example, the measurement model of commercial industry transfer effects from 2001 to 2016. It is mainly because the development of modern logistics lags behind cross-border e-commerce, resulting in the inability of cross-border e-commerce and modern logistics to form an orderly coupling in the system structure and function. Therefore, to better promote the coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce and modern logistics, it is necessary to stimulate the functions of various subsystems and promote the synergy and deep integration of multiparty entities such as government, enterprises, and industry associations.
A Novel Privacy‐Preserving Mobile‐Coverage Scheme Based on Trustworthiness in HWSNs
Authors: Qi Chunyang , Huang Jie , Wang Bin , Wang Hongkai
Published: June 2021

To solve the problem of security deployment in a hybrid wireless sensor network, a novel privacy‐preserving mobile coverage scheme based on trustworthiness is proposed. The novel scheme can efficiently mitigate some malicious attacks such as eavesdropping and pollution and optimize the coverage of hybrid wireless sensor networks (HWSNs) at the same time. Compared with the traditional mobile coverage scheme, the security of data transmission and mobility are considered in the deployment of HWSNs. Firstly, our scheme can mitigate the eavesdropping attacks efficiently utilizing privacy‐preserving signature. Then, the trust mobile protocol based on the trustworthiness is used to defend the pollution attacks and improve the security of mobility. In privacy‐preserving signature, the hardness of discrete logarithm determines the degree of security of the privacy‐preserving signature. The correctness and effectiveness of signature algorithm are proven by the probabilities of the native messages which can be recovered and forged which is negligible. Furthermore, a mobile scheme based on the trustworthiness (MSTW) is proposed to optimize the network coverage and improve the security of mobility. Finally, the simulation compared with a previous algorithm is carried out, in which the communication overhead, computational complexity, and the coverage are given. The result of the simulation shows that our scheme has roughly the same network coverage as the previous schemes on the basis of ensuring the security of the data transmission and mobility.
Hybrid Niche Immune Genetic Algorithm for Fault Detection Coverage in Industry Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Zhou Jie , Qin Hu , Liu Yang , Li Chaoqun , Xu Mengying
Published: June 2021

The industry wireless sensor network (IWSN) technology, which is used to monitor industrial equipment, has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Sensor nodes in IWSN can spontaneously complete distributed networking and carry out monitoring tasks under random deployment conditions. Therefore, a self‐organized IWSN is particularly suitable for the fault detection and diagnosis of industrial equipment in complex environments. However, due to the detection, ability of a single sensor node is limited, and the monitoring distribution problem is a typical multidimensional discrete NP‐hard combinatorial stochastic optimization problem, which is challenging to solve for the traditional mathematical methods. With the purpose of improving the target monitoring capability and prolonging lifetime of IWSN, a novel hybrid niche immune genetic algorithm (HNIGA) for optimizing the target coverage model of fault detection is proposed. It uses the genetic operation to evolve antibody groups and applies niche technology to maintain the diversity of antibody groups. As a result, HNIGA can effectively reduce the failure rate of detection targets. To verify the performance of HNIGA, a series of simulations under different simulation conditions are carried out. Specifically, HNIGA is compared with genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA). Simulation results show that HNIGA has a faster convergence speed and more robust global search capability than the other two algorithms.
Comparison between Acupuncture and Nicotine Replacement Therapies for Smoking Cessation Based on Randomized Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dai Runjing , Cao Yongchun , Zhang Hailiang , Zhao Na , Ren Dong , Jiang Xiaomei , Zheng Guisen , Bao Shisan , Yan Xingke , Fan Jingchun
Published: June 2021

Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy and/or safety of acupuncture therapy (AT) in quitting smoking. Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM). We used Cochrane Collaborative Quality Assessment to assess the risk of bias. Bayesian network meta-analysis was utilized to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different interventions. Data analyses were conducted using WinBUGS 1.4.3, Stata 14, and RevMan 5.3.5 software. Results. A total of 2706 patients from 23 studies were included, involving 6 treatment arms. Network meta-analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference in short-term abstinence rates or changes in Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) scores and daily smoking among these groups (AT, sham acupuncture therapy (SAT), auricular acupressure (AA), sham auricular acupressure (SAA), acupuncture plus auricular acupressure (APAA), and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)). However, there was a significant difference between SAA and AA with risk ratio (RR) of 2.49 (95% CI 1.14, 5.97) in long-term abstinence rate. The probabilistic ranking results showed that APAA and AA were superior to other interventions in the comparison of abstinence rates. There was no obvious inconsistency between the direct comparison and indirect comparison, using the consistency test. Conclusion. AA was superior to SAA in smoke quitting, but there was no difference among other interventions in long-term truncation rates. There was no difference in short-term abstinence rates among these selected groups. We need large sample RCTs to clarify the advantages of interventions such as APAA and AA. In addition, reporting of adverse events that may occur during treatment also should be enhanced to complement evidence-based medicine. The trial is registered with PROSPERO CRD42020164712.
Discovery and Features of an Alkylating Signature in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Gurjao Carino , Zhong Rong , Haruki Koichiro , Li Yvonne Y. , Spurr Liam F. , Lee-Six Henry , Reardon Brendan , Ugai Tomotaka , Zhang Xuehong , Cherniack Andrew D. , Song Mingyang , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Nowak Jonathan A. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Fuchs Charles S. , Wu Kana , Ogino Shuji , Giannakis Marios
Published: June 2021

Several risk factors have been established for colorectal cancer, yet their direct mutagenic effects in patients' tumors remain to be elucidated. Here, we leveraged whole-exome sequencing data from 900 colorectal cancer cases that had occurred in three U.S.-wide prospective studies with extensive dietary and lifestyle information. We found an alkylating signature that was previously undescribed in colorectal cancer and then showed the existence of a similar mutational process in normal colonic crypts. This alkylating signature is associated with high intakes of processed and unprocessed red meat prior to diagnosis. In addition, this signature was more abundant in the distal colorectum, predicted to target cancer driver mutations KRAS p.G12D, KRAS p.G13D, and PIK3CA p.E545K, and associated with poor survival. Together, these results link for the first time a colorectal mutational signature to a component of diet and further implicate the role of red meat in colorectal cancer initiation and progression.

Significance:

Colorectal cancer has several lifestyle risk factors, but the underlying mutations for most have not been observed directly in tumors. Analysis of 900 colorectal cancers with whole-exome sequencing and epidemiologic annotations revealed an alkylating mutational signature that was associated with red meat consumption and distal tumor location, as well as predicted to target KRAS p.G12D/p.G13D.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2355
Wilms’ Tumor in Horseshoe Kidney
Authors: Luu Doan Tien , Duc Nguyen Minh , Tra My Thieu-Thi , Bang Luong Viet , Lien Bang Mai Tan , Van Nguyen Dinh
Published: June 2021

Wilms’ tumor is the most common malignant kidney tumor found in children. The Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion malformation. However, Wilms’ tumor is rarely identified in horseshoe kidney patients. Multimodal treatments in Wilms’ tumor can play important roles in increasing the survival rate. In this study, we report the case of a 6-year-old boy in whom a Wilms’ tumor was identified in a horseshoe kidney. The tumor was successfully treated with preoperative chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection.
History of the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation
Authors: Goldman Armond S.
Published: June 2021

The goal of this report is to recount the history of the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation (ISRHML) and how its members contributed to the science of human milk (HM) and lactation (LT). The ISRHML was formed in 1988 by a group of young scientists who were intrigued with the mysteries of HM and LT and the effects of HM upon recipient human infants. The inception of the ISRHML by those scientists with many different types of interests and expertise led over the next 3 decades to a wealth of new information concerning the biology of the mammary gland and the exceptionally complex composition of HM. Those findings helped to explain why HM is by far the superior nutrition for human infants.
Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Individuals with a Family History of Coronary Heart Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Johansen Michelle C. , Nyquist Paul , Sullivan Kevin J. , Fornage Myriam , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Becker Diane M.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The degree to which a family history of coronary heart disease (FHCHD) is associated with silent cerebral small-vessel disease (cSVD) among healthy adults, independent of prevalent CHD and traditional risk factors, is unknown. Methods: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study is a community-based cohort study with self-reported family history data and brain magnetic resonance imaging (ages 68–88). The association between markers of cSVD (lacunar infarcts and cerebral microbleeds), or log-transformed white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and FHCHD, or the number of affected relatives was examined using separate adjusted logistic or linear regression models, respectively. Race interaction terms were evaluated. Results: Of 1,639 participants without prevalent CHD (76 ± 5 years, 62% female, 29% black), 686 (42%) had FHCHD. There were higher odds of lacunar infarct (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.07–1.84) among those with parental FHCHD and higher odds of microhemorrhages (lobar OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.13–3.06; subcortical OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01–2.15) among those with sibling FHCHD. A greater number of any relative affected was associated with higher odds of lacunar infarct (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.47) and lobar microhemorrhages (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.05–1.64) but not subcortical microhemorrhages (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.92–1.28). Odds of having a lacunar infarct were higher among blacks (p-interaction 0.04) with paternal FHCHD (OR 2.20, CI 1.35–3.58) than whites with paternal FHCHD (OR 1.17, CI 0.87–1.56). There was no association with WMH. Discussion/Conclusion: Markers of cSVD, specifically lacunar infarcts and microhemorrhages, appear to be associated with FHCHD, potentially representing shared mechanisms in different vascular beds, and perhaps a genetic propensity for vascular disease.
Polypharmacy and Frailty among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kimura Hiroshi , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Rhee Connie M. , Streja Elani , Sy John
Published: June 2021

Background: Both polypharmacy and frailty are highly prevalent among the patients on hemodialysis and associated with adverse outcomes; however, little is known about the association between them. Methods: We examined 337 patients enrolled in the ACTIVE/ADIPOSE dialysis cohort study between 2009 and 2011. The number of prescribed medications and frailty were assessed at baseline, 12, and 24 months. Frailty was defined based upon the Fried’s frailty phenotype. We used logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to model the association of the number of medications and frailty at baseline and over time. A competing-risk regression analysis was also used to assess the association between the number of medications and incidence of frailty. Results: The mean number of medications was 10 ± 5, and 94 patients (28%) were frail at baseline. Patients taking >11 medications showed higher odds for frailty than the patients taking fewer than 8 medications (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.05–2.26). During the 2-year of follow-up, 87 patients developed frailty among those who were nonfrail at baseline. Compared with the patients taking fewer than 8 medications, the incidence of frailty was approximately 2-fold in those taking >11 medications (sub-distribution hazard ratio 2.15, 95% CI 1.32–3.48). Conclusions: Using a higher number of medications was associated with frailty and the incidence of frailty among hemodialysis patients. Minimizing polypharmacy may reduce the incidence and prevalence of frailty among dialysis patients.
Use of Core-Needle Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Malignant Lymphomas in Clinical Practice
Authors: Ito Yuta , Maeshima Akiko Miyagi , Hatta Shunsuke , Saito Yo , Fujino Takahiro , Makita Shinichi , Fukuhara Suguru , Munakata Wataru , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Suzuki Tatsuya , Maruyama Dai , Sone Miyuki , Izutsu Koji
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Excisional biopsy (EB) is considered the gold standard for lymphoma diagnosis. Although recent advances in interventional radiology enable sampling with core-needle biopsy (CNB), only few studies evaluated the utility of CNB compared to that of EB. Methods: We analyzed patients with lymphoma who had a diagnostic biopsy at the National Cancer Center Hospital during 2002–2017. We investigated the clinical and pathological characteristics of CNB in 2017. Results: The proportion of CNB utility in total biopsy procedures had increased from 11 to 48% during the 15 years. In 2017, CNB was opted more frequently than EB for a biopsy of superficial, abdominal, or anterior mediastinal lesions. Only one out of 72 patients who had CNB required re-biopsy with EB because of insufficiency. The incidence of complications was comparable between CNB and EB: 2 (4%) cases of minor bleeding with CNB and 1 (8%) case of minor bleeding with EB. The median time from the first visit to biopsy was significantly shorter with CNB (5.5 days) than with EB (15 days). Conclusion: There is an increasing trend in the utility of CNB. CNB is a less invasive method with shorter time to biopsy and can be considered an alternative to EB.
Massive Retroperitoneal and Subcutaneous Emphysema after Transanal Excision of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Mamlin Meiram , Midlenko Anna , Khamzina Saule , Mukazhanov Adilbek
Published: June 2021

Transanal excision (TAE) is considered a safe, alternative approach for patients with early stage of rectal cancer. Complications associated with TAE are rare, such as bleeding, perforation, incontinence, and rectal stricture. Subcutaneous emphysema is early complication of laparoscopic surgery, common during upper gastrointestinal and gynecological surgery. We report a case of retroperitoneal and subcutaneous emphysema emerging after TAE of rectal tumor. The patient presented with changed bowel habits. Colonoscopy with pathology reports, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging showed an adenocarcinoma in the rectum at a 5 cm from the anus and did not reveal signs of invasive growth, pathologic lymph nodes, or systemic metastases. After surgery patient complained about abdominal pain and severe subcutaneous emphysema. Computed tomography showed retroperitoneal emphysema with no signs of rectal wall defect. He received antibiotics and was kept hospitalized with a solid diet and the retroperitoneal air disappeared on the thoracic X-ray. Patients who remain clinically stable or steadily improving without signs if peritonitis can be managed conservatively. Only in case of ineffectiveness of conservative therapy, undergo surgery.
Primary Gastric Lymphoma Invading Spleen, Pancreas, and Transverse Colon
Authors: Lochman Petr , Páral Jiří
Published: June 2021

Primary gastric lymphoma is a relatively rare tumour which is not primarily indicated on for surgical treatment. We present a case of locally advanced primary gastric lymphoma with penetration to the surrounding organs that had to be managed surgically. The proximal gastrectomy with splenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, and left colectomy was performed. We reached R0 resection, and patient was recovered well.
Leiomyosarcoma of the Tracheostomy Site in a Patient with History of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ajmal Zainub , Khan Abdul Moiz , McCarthy Lezah , Lupinetti Allison , Mehdi Syed
Published: June 2021

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the trachea is an extremely rare malignancy with only a few reported cases in English literature. As such the diagnosis can be frequently missed or delayed. We present a case of a 69-year-old male who underwent tracheostomy for airway obstruction secondary to glottic squamous cell carcinoma and treated definitely with radiation therapy. Subsequently, the patient developed LMS of the tracheostomy site. The case further details multiple risk factors that could contribute to development of LMS including radiation exposure, prior malignancy, and chronic inflammation. These risk factors have been well established for LMS in other sites but less so in the head and neck region, which is the subject of our discussion. We also review the current guidelines for head and neck as well as limb sarcomas and discussed role of surgery or radiation and their accompanying challenges in management of this rare malignancy.
Bilateral Serous Retinal Detachment in Lymphoid Blast Crisis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Umemura Kyohei , Fujita Kyoko , Jinno Akiko , Nakamura Ayano , Kamei Motohiro
Published: June 2021

We herein report a patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), who presented with bilateral serous retinal detachment (SRD). A 36-year-old Asian male presented with the symptoms of decreased vision and was found to have bilateral SRD involving fovea. There was no inflammation in the anterior chamber or vitreous. Physical examination showed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. A blood count revealed white blood cell count of 38.2 × 109/L with 51.5% blast cells. Bone marrow aspirate showed total cell count of 145 × 103/μL with 80.6% blast cells and negative neutrophil myeloperoxidase staining. Cytogenetic analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed a 9;22 chromosomal translocation, indicating the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated expression of CD10, CD19, and positive TdT. According to morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, and molecular criteria, the patient was diagnosed as having Philadelphia chromosome-positive lymphoid blast crisis of CML. Based on the ocular findings and hematological abnormalities, the SRD was considered to be ocular involvement secondary to the blast crisis of leukemia. Two months after starting induction therapy, fundus examination and optical coherence tomography showed complete resolution of bilateral SRD and improved vision. Prompt diagnosis of the disease leads to early systemic chemotherapy and may help restore visual function and improve survival.
Evaluation of Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Authors: Khan Salman , Ali Shah Syed Asad , Jamal Syed Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious and highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed domestic and wild animals, causing heavy economic losses to the livestock industry. Rapid and reliable diagnosis of the disease is essential for the implementation of effective control measures. This study compared sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (S-ELISA) and conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of FMD. Methods: A total of 60 epithelial samples from suspected cases of FMD were tested using both S-ELISA and RT-PCR assays. The level of agreement between the assays was assessed by calculating the Kappa value. Results: S-ELISA detected 38 (63%) samples positive for FMD virus (FMDV). Being predominant, serotype O was detected in 22 (57.9%) of the total samples tested positive, whereas 9 (23.7%) and 7 (18.4%) samples were found positive for serotypes A and Asia-1, respectively. RT-PCR detected viral genome in 51 (85%) of the samples using pan-FMDV primers set, 1F/1R. Thirty-six samples were found positive and 7 negative by both the tests. The level of agreement between the tests was assessed by calculating the Kappa value, which was found to be fair (Kappa value = 0.303 and 95% CI = 0.089; 0.517) and significant (p = 0.009). However, 2 samples, which were found positive on S-ELISA tested negative on RT-PCR. This may be attributed to the presence of nucleotide mismatch(es) in the primer-binding sites that may have resulted in failure of amplification of the viral genome. The serotype-specific RT-PCR assays not only confirmed serotyping results of S-ELISA but were also able to establish serotype in 9 S-ELISA-negative but pan-FMDV RT-PCR-positive samples. Conclusions: The RT-PCR assay contributes significantly to establishing a quick, sensitive, and definitive diagnosis of FMD in resource-constrained countries. Samples giving negative results in S-ELISA should be tested in RT-PCR for the disease detection and virus typing.
Effects of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on Birth Outcomes, Brain Structure, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
Authors: Zhang Youyou , Gong Fuhua , Liu Pan , He Ya , Wang Hui
Published: June 2021

This study reviews the findings from previous research on the effects of prenatal methamphetamine (MA) exposure on birth outcomes, brain structure, and neurodevelopmental outcomes of the offspring. These findings indicate that prenatal MA exposure may lead to shorter gestational age, lower birth weight, lower head circumference, and shorter body length of neonatal, structural brain changes, and impairment in cognitive development, motor development, inhibitory control, and attention of children from 1 to 15 years. Based on these findings of the previous cohort studies on the effect of prenatal MA exposure on the birth outcomes and childhood outcomes of the offspring, we conclude by discussing the shortcomings and inconsistencies of previous studies in each section. A multicenter, large-scale population-based prospective cohort study is needed to establish and seek the differences and similarities of the pathological changes in different systems among offspring prenatally exposed to MA in different periods. And the pathophysiology mechanism underlying these changes should be studied by the method of omics technology in future. These efforts are of great significance to address the adverse health outcomes caused by prenatal MA exposure.
Escritos sobre políticas públicas em educação
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Educação, Arelaro Lisete
Published: June 2021

O livro foi concebido por ocasião da concessão do título de “Emérita” à professora da Faculdade de Educação, e depois diretora da mesma, Lisete Arelaro, e é uma homenagem à trajetória da docente, que se mistura à história da educação brasileira, em seus muitos percalços. A obra é composta de onze artigos versando sobre políticas públicas de educação, em suas variadas vertentes, que abrangem desde a Educação Infantil à conjuntura política mais global, passando por temas ligados à Educação Básica, às políticas sociais, ao financiamento da educação e à municipalização do ensino. Militante na defesa da escola pública de qualidade, seja atuando na vida acadêmica, no campo da política, na administração pública ou nos movimentos sociais, a autora revela, na obra, seus inúmeros atributos como docente e pesquisadora, privilegiando sempre, em seus trabalhos, “o peso da experiência concreta”. A obra mostra Lisete vinculada às lutas por transformação social, aliando densa formação acadêmica à experiência na administração pública, em prol da concretização de uma sociedade mais justa e solidária.
Obesidade e o sucesso no mercado de trabalho utilizando a POF 2008-2009
Authors: Teixeira Adriano Dutra , Diaz Maria Dolores Montoya
Published: June 2021

O peso dos brasileiros vem aumentando nos últimos anos. A Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2002-2003 levantou que o país tinha cerca de 38,6 milhões de pessoas com peso acima do recomendado, o equivalente a 40,6% de sua população adulta. Deste total, 10,5 milhões eram obesos. Na POF 2008-2009, o excesso de peso em homens adultos saltou para 50,1% e ultrapassou, em 2008-2009, o das mulheres, que foi para 48%. Pretende-se verificar, de forma preliminar, se há relação entre obesidade nos salários através de uma análise empírica de modelos de regressão multivariada e de probabilidade de emprego. Foram utilizados microdados da POF 2008-2009. Os resultados indicam diferentes efeitos do IMC sobre salários e emprego para homens e mulheres. O efeito do IMC tanto sobre o salário e como sobre a probabilidade de emprego assume uma relação significativa positiva para homens e um impacto negativo para as mulheres. Para homens, verificamos que estar em situação de obesidade está associado a um prêmio de probabilidade de emprego de 2,2 pontos percentuais enquanto para mulheres, a mesma condição está associada a uma penalidade na probabilidade de emprego de 4,3 pontos percentuais.
Assistência social: A política pública (inter)setorial
Authors: Prisco Thiago
Published: June 2021

O estudo em tela apresenta o conceito de intersetorialidade, interpretando-o por meio da abordagem da administração pública e da saúde coletiva, como síntese e articulação, respectivamente. Desta forma, entendendo-a como um movimento de intersecção. Trata-se de um artigo de revisão bibliográfica, no qual são analisadas as definições de intersetorialidade, a relação que este fenômeno estabelece com a política pública de assistência social e apresenta de forma sucinta o Programa Bolsa Família, a título de exemplo do movimento de intersetorialidade entre as políticas públicas e a assistência social.
Recognition, Prevention, and Management of Arrhythmias and Autonomic Disorders in Cardio-Oncology: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Fradley Michael G. , Beckie Theresa M. , Brown Sherry Ann , Cheng Richard K. , Dent Susan F. , Nohria Anju , Patton Kristen K. , Singh Jagmeet P. , Olshansky Brian ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; and Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing
Published: June 2021

With the advent of novel cancer therapeutics and improved screening, more patients are surviving a cancer diagnosis or living longer with advanced disease. Many of these treatments have associated cardiovascular toxicities that can manifest in both an acute and a delayed fashion. Arrhythmias are an increasingly identified complication with unique management challenges in the cancer population. The purpose of this scientific statement is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding arrhythmia identification and treatment in patients with cancer. Atrial tachyarrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation, are most common, but ventricular arrhythmias, including those related to treatment-induced QT prolongation, and bradyarrhythmias can also occur. Despite increased recognition, dedicated prospective studies evaluating true incidence are lacking. Moreover, few studies have addressed appropriate prevention and treatment strategies. As such, this scientific statement serves to mobilize the cardio-oncology, electrophysiology, and oncology communities to develop clinical and scientific collaborations that will improve the care of patients with cancer who have arrhythmias.