bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A High-Feasibility Secure Routing against Malicious Peer in Structured P2P
Authors: Wang Feng , Xuan Chunqing
Published: September 2022

As applications based on the structured peer-to-peer network have increased, the importance of security is increasing. Routing is the core of the structured peer-to-peer network, naturally which becomes the primary target of malicious nodes. The current attacks on the routing by malicious nodes are mainly sybil attacks, eclipse attacks, and routing table poisoning. In previous studies of defending above attacks, either adding redundancy to achieve security or sacrificing network scalability for security. So we establish a mathematical model of the routing process, and through the model, we analyze sybil attacks, eclipse attacks, and routing table poisoning. The same essence is found that these attacks all undermine the original convergence of the query path, and with the convergence detection, we propose the security mechanism HFS-Routing, and we design experiments and analyze the results. The results show that HFS-Routing has a lower overhead, better scalability, and higher detection rates for the malicious nodes, which is a highly feasibility mechanism.
IT Monitoring and Management of Learning Quality of Online Courses for College Students Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Guo Jinpeng , Xu Ting
Published: September 2022

Network information technology and distance technology learning provide convenience for college students to learn online courses, but some problems have also been found in practice, and schools need to pay attention to improving students’ learning quality and supervision. The cross-spatial nature of the study can be used to study how to detect students’ learning fatigue and learning concentration in online classrooms. This paper first designs a lightweight convolutional neural network model for eye state classification and verifies the performance of the model. The designed model has a compact structure and a high recognition rate. Combined with the human eye positioning algorithm, the recognition of the opening and closing state of the eyes is realized. Finally, the feasibility of using the PERCLOS value for fatigue detection, Euler pitch angle, and yaw is verified by experiments. Corners can be used to detect student attention. The method can enhance the synergistic supervision of other cooperative methods, thus improving the quality and effectiveness of online learning for college students, promoting the development of digital modern teaching and learning management models, and exploring possible future technologies and corresponding changes in teaching methods and management models.
Personalized Recommendation Evaluation of Credit Degree Based on New Hybrid Crow Search Algorithm for E-Commerce Live Industry Data Analysis
Authors: Ma Yanzhe
Published: September 2022

With the advent of the era of national live broadcast, the “live broadcast + e-commerce” model reconstructs “people, goods, and fields”, and merchants, platforms, and anchors create a new marketing system around consumers’ perceptions, attitudes, and emotions to enhance consumer willingness. E-commerce live broadcast ultimately brings back the core of marketing, according to retailers. The psychological contract in the live broadcast is a variable, and its commitment or breach will have an effect on the consumer attitude and consumer emotions. From the perspective of the consumer, stronger consumption motivation, content quality, Netflix charm, trust, and highly interactive consumer expectations must exist. Based on the above background, the understanding of business infrastructure in the digital economy era should also be dynamically adjusted in conjunction with the concept of new infrastructure and business innovation practices. This paper investigates personalized recommendation assessment of credit degree based on data analysis of the live e-commerce industry based on new hybrid crow search algorithm in this context, delves into the state of e-commerce in China today, offers a profound discussion on e-commerce as well as credit degree, and concludes the paper with a general summary.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Efficiency of Cement-Based Materials with Cuprous Oxide for Sustainable Buildings
Authors: Ji Tao , Zhang Shiping , He Yan , Zhang Xiong , Li Weihua
Published: September 2022

The thermoelectric effect of plain cement paste is usually weak. To improve the thermoelectric performance of cement composites, functional components, such as carbon fibers, steel fibers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are often added to cement paste. In view of the advantage of metal oxides with a higher band gap, pure cuprous oxide crystals with different particle sizes were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and incorporated into the cement matrix to improve the thermoelectric efficiency of cement composites in this study. Pure cuprous oxide crystals with different particle sizes (15 μm, 1.5 μm, and 100 nm) were prepared by controlling the reaction temperature and time, pH value, amount of reducing agent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone in the reaction system. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of the cement composites with 5.0 wt.% nanostructured Cu2O powder increased to 3966 ± 54 μV/K, (2.68 ± 0.12) × 10−4 S/m, and 0.69 ± 0.007 W/(m·K), respectively. Thereby, a high figure of merit value of 1.93 × 10−6 was obtained for the cement composites, which made future application of cement composites in energy harvesting for buildings possible.
Two New Approaches (RAMS‐RATMI) in Multi‐Criteria Decision‐Making Tactics
Authors: Abdulaal Reda M. S. , Bafail Omer A.
Published: September 2022

When a decision must be made, a tool called multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) is used to assess and select alternatives among numerous criteria. For a wide variety of complex problems, MCDM methods have demonstrated usefulness in finding the optimal solutions. Despite the abundance of MCDM methods available today, there has been slow progress in developing new methodologies in MCDM in the past decade. In this context, this paper presents new MCDM tools which ranks alternatives based on median similarity (RAMS) between optimal alternatives and other alternatives. RAMS is an extension to the most recently developed technique that used perimeter similarity (RAPS). This paper also introduces a further tool that combines the RAMS method with the multiple criteria ranking by alternative trace (MCRAT) methodology using a majority index and the concept of the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method. This tool is ranking the alternatives based on the trace to median index (RATMI). An illustration of the use of RAMS and RATMI is given through a case study of ranking different materials for the selection of break booster valve body in a vehicle. The validity of the new two techniques was tested against seven well‐known MCDM techniques (ARAS, SAW, TOPSIS, COPRAS, VIKOR, WASPAS, and MOORA) using fifteen real problems data taken from the literature. The RATMI technique was more promising than RAPS and RAMS for 87% and 93% of the fifteen difficulties, respectively, according to the results of the correlation coefficient tests between the developed techniques and the selected seven techniques.
A Model and Its Application of Quantitative Evaluation for Exploitable Value of Hot Spring Landscape Resources
Authors: Zhang Yu
Published: September 2022

The accurate and objective quantitative evaluation of hot spring landscape resources is helpful to understand the value of the resources, has great practical significance for their protection, exploitation, and utilization, and is also an important basis for the exploitation and planning of the hot spring resources. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this study expounded the research status and significance of the exploitation of spring landscape resources, elaborated the development, background, current status, and future challenges of the quantitative evaluation of landscape resources’ exploitable value, introduced the methods and principles of analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy synthesis process, formulated the evaluation index scoring standards for the exploitable value of hot spring landscape resources, analyzed the grading standard of comprehensive evaluation value, conducted the process analysis of quantitative evaluation of the exploitable value of hot spring landscape resources, established the evaluation index system of the exploitable value of hot spring landscape resources, determined evaluation index weight coefficient, constructed a quantitative evaluation model of the exploitable value of hot spring landscape resources, and finally carried out a case application and its result analysis by taking Chicheng Hot Spring in Chicheng County, Hebei Province, northern China as an example. The study results show that the three categories of factor weights in the subobjective layer of comprehensive evaluation system of hot spring landscape resources are landscape resource quality, environmental conditions, and resource exploitation and construction conditions. The purpose of quantitative evaluation of hot spring landscape resources is to use mathematical methods to quantify the fuzzy attributes of landscape resources so that some vague evaluations become relatively accurate, thereby improving the objectivity and reliability of evaluation results. Therefore, the establishment of a tourism preference index based on the hot spring tourism market and the subjective will of tourists as the evaluation standard has played a role in market restrictions, combining the evaluation of hot spring tourism resources with the dynamics and trends of the hot spring tourism market, and establishing comprehensive evaluation system of hot spring landscape resources. Those results of this study are expected to provide a reference for further research on the quantitative evaluation model for exploitable value of hot spring landscape resources.
Seasonal Dynamics in Bacteriological and Physicochemical Water Quality of the Southern Gulf of Lake Tana
Authors: Sitotaw Baye , Daniel Belayneh , Kibret Mulugeta , Worie Workiye
Published: September 2022

Freshwater lakes are important sources of water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. Lake Tana offers a range of ecosystem services to the surrounding communities. However, this lake is facing deterioration in water quality due to pollution caused by anthropogenic influences. Therefore, regular monitoring of key water quality parameters is critical to understanding the water quality status of the lake. This study aimed to assess the seasonal fluctuation of water quality of the Southern Gulf of Lake Tana using indicator bacteria and some physicochemical parameters. A total of 48 water samples were collected in dry and wet seasons from eight sites in the study area. Total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC), and some physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate) were determined following standard methods. The results revealed that coliform counts were above the permissible level set by Ethiopian Standards and varied significantly among sites (

P
<
0.05

). FC counts ranged from 1 to 1600 MPN/100 ml (with the lowest and highest mean value of 1 at site 8 to 1076.5 ± 3.1 at site 4) and again TC counts ranged from 1 to 1600 MPN/100 ml (with a mean value of 4.8 ± 1.81 at site 6 to 1600 at site 4 and site 8). The findings also confirmed that the highest counts of coliforms were observed during the wet season. The high counts are attributed to the discharge of human excreta and animal wastes during the rainy season from the different anthropogenic activities near the Gulf. Significant variations in most of the physicochemical parameters were also observed between sites and seasons. FC and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) in most sites did not meet the EPA standard for surface water. Corrective measures are highly recommended for anthropogenic activities driving high pollution loads in the lake.
Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Profiles, and Public Health Significance of Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Clinical Mastitis of Cattle in Bangladesh
Authors: Bag Md. Abdus Sattar , Arif Mohammad , Riaz Sonia , Khan Md. Shahidur Rahman , Islam Md. Shafiqul , Punom Sadia Afrin , Ali Md. Wohab , Begum Ferdousi , Islam Md. Saiful , Rahman Md. Tanvir , Hassan Jayedul
Published: September 2022

This study was designed to identify Enterococcus faecalis from clinical mastitis of cattle and determine their antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants to evaluate their potential public health significance. A total of 105 composite milk samples (80 from cattle with clinical mastitis and 25 from apparently healthy cattle) were analyzed. E. faecalis were isolated by culturing on enterococcal selective media and identified by PCR and sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance phenotype was elucidated by the disc diffusion method, and MIC was determined by broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes was done by PCR. E. faecalis were isolated from 11.25% (9/80) of the clinical mastitis and 4% (1/25) of the apparently healthy cattle milk samples. The disc diffusion test revealed 40% isolates as resistant to tetracycline and azithromycin, respectively. Among them, 20% (2/10) of isolates showed resistance to both tetracycline and azithromycin. Tetracycline‐resistant isolates showed MIC ranging from ≥64 to >128 μg/ml and carried tetracycline‐resistant genes tetK, tetL, and tetM in 25%, 25%, and 50% of the resistant isolates, respectively. On the other hand, all the isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin, ampicillin, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, penicillin, and vancomycin. In addition, the isolates carried at least one of the nine virulence genes screened with pil having the highest frequency, followed by fsrB, fsrC, ace, sprE, gelE, and agg genes. Positive correlations were evident between ace, fsrC, gelE, and sprE genes that are associated with the attachment and biofilm formation in E. faecalis. E. faecalis isolated in this study carried antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants which explain their competence to be potential human pathogens.
Interactive Art Design and Color Perception Based on the Sparse Network and the VR System
Authors: Wang Lie , Luo Jie , Luo Guanlin
Published: September 2022

At present, with the gradual development of science and technology, people’s life has also produced a lot of changes, the traditional communication technology has been gradually changed by the new computer technology, people’s life has become more intelligent. However, many current artificial intelligence technologies rely on the promotion of network data. In the mobile terminal, especially in the poor state of some data network environment, many users’ intelligence needs cannot be met. From the perspective of user interaction experience, this paper analyzes and investigates the interactive standby link in detail and systematically based on the perspective of context awareness and carries out a battle summary with the scientific, systematic, reasonable, and executable design methods suitable for an interactive standby state and puts forward the recommended items of matrix decomposition. The static information is embedded in the model. The status of information is imported as a dimension different from the previous matrix factorization model, and the accumulation of interaction between user’s status conditions and project factors is considered, as well as the sensitivity difference between user and information project status. In order to obtain the global situation of user balance, the project prediction deviation caused by the vector and sensitivity to various conditions is needed. Finally, the training model gets the final prediction score value and puts forward the mobile system user interaction experience art design strategy based on context awareness, which provides a certain idea to meet the needs of mobile system users.
Nutritional Status and Its Determinants among Adult Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Muhamed Ahmed Nuru , Bantie Berihun , Hiruy Endalk Getasew , Shiferaw Sahlu Mitku , Aycheh Dessie Temesgen , Abate Melsew Dagne
Published: September 2022

Background. Malnutrition is a common problem in cancer patients. It has an impact on all aspects of the patient's life such as increasing the risk of infection, treatment toxicity, hospital stay, and health-care costs. Factors influencing the nutritional status of adult cancer patients undertaking chemotherapy treatment in Ethiopia have not been thoroughly investigated. As a result, the purpose of this study is to assess the nutritional status and its determinants among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Objectives. The objective of this study is to determine the nutritional status and its determinants among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Oncology Treatment Center, from January to May 2021. The data were gathered through a face-to-face interview and chart review method. Epi Data 4.6 was used to enter the data, which was then exported to SPSS version 25 for statistical analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between nutritional status and potential risk factors. APvalue less than 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Result. This study revealed that 48.1% of participants have some level of malnutrition. Lowest wealth index AOR 0.06 (0.016–0.2), food insecurity AOR 0.1 (0.05–0.24), vomiting AOR 0.2 (0.110–.444), poor appetite AOR 0.2 (0.11–0.44), no diarrhea AOR 2.6 (1.34–5.00), and poor functioning AOR 0.3 (0.2–0.54) were significantly associated with good nutritional status. Conclusion and Recommendation. The prevalence of malnutrition among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment at HUCSH was high. Wealth index, food security, poor appetite, diarrhea, and performance status were significantly correlated with the nutritional status of the patients. To improve the patient’s nutritional status, economic support, early nutritional screening, and assessment, management of chemotherapy-induced symptoms should be considered.
Path Optimization Model of Rural Red Tourist Attractions Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Chen Luxi , Chen Jia
Published: September 2022

As an important historical and cultural heritage, rural red tourism sites have high historical, cultural, and social values. Moreover, rural red tourism sites are suitable for development and protection as tourism resources due to their unique landscape, architecture, culture, and art. In this paper, we propose a path generation model based on an ant colony algorithm to recommend the best path for tourists to visit rural red tourism sites. First, this paper investigates the modeling methods of path planning and multiobjective planning and their related solution algorithms to prepare for the establishment and solution of the tour path generation model for rural red tourism sites. By analyzing the problem description, this paper proposes the two model objectives of the shortest tour path and the highest total rating of the tourist attraction, and the model limitation of the total tour usage time, to model the model with a multiobjective planning approach. Then, by modifying the calculation of visibility and pheromone increments of the ant colony algorithm, the modified ant colony algorithm can take into account the two objectives of shortest path and highest total rating when constructing the path. Finally, this paper proposes to update the optimal path by using the number of ratings per unit path length as the update criterion of the optimal path.
Verification of Ferroptosis Subcluster-Associated Genes Related to Osteosarcoma and Exploration of Immune Targeted Therapy
Authors: Jiang Mingyang , Jike Yiji , Gan Fu , Li Jia , Hu Yang , Xie Mingjing , Liu Kaicheng , Qin Wentao , Bo Zhandong
Published: September 2022

Background. Despite tremendous advances in treating osteosarcoma (OS), the survival rates of patients have failed to improve dramatically over the past decades. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent type of regulated cell death, is implicated in tumors, and its features in OS remain unascertained. We designed to determine the involvement of ferroptosis subcluster-related modular genes in OS progression and prognosis. Methods. The OS-related datasets retrieved from GEO and TARGET database were clustered for identifying molecular subclusters with different ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) expression patterns. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify modular genes from FRG subclusters. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and multivariable Cox regression analysis were adopted to develop the prognostic model. Potential mechanisms of development and prognosis in OS were explored by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Then, a comprehensive analysis was conducted for immune checkpoint markers and assessment of predictive power to drug response. The protein expression levels of the three ferroptosis subcluster-related modular genes were verified by immunohistochemistry. Results. Two independent subclusters presenting diverse expression profiles of FRGs were obtained, with significantly different survival states. Ferroptosis subcluster-related modular genes were screened with WGCNA, and the GESA results showed that ferroptosis subcluster-related modular genes could affect the cellular energy metabolism, thus influencing the development and prognosis of osteosarcoma. A prognostic model was established by incorporating three ferroptosis subcluster-related modular genes (LRRC1, ACO2, and CTNNBIP1) and a nomogram by integrating clinical features, and they were evaluated for the predictive power on OS prognosis. The 20 immune checkpoint-related genes confirmed the insensitivity to tumor immunotherapy in high-risk patients. IC50s of Axitinib and Cytarabine suggested a higher sensitivity to the targeted drug. Finally, the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were consistent with bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion. Ferroptosis are closely associated with the OS prognosis. The risk-scoring model incorporating three ferroptosis subcluster-related modular genes has shown outstanding advantages in predicting patient prognosis.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Promotes Differentiation Potential and Stress Response of Human Stem Cells from Apical Papilla
Authors: Liu Zhenhai , Yan Na , Chen Ying , Hu Bin
Published: September 2022

Harsh local microenvironment, such as hypoxia and lack of instructive clues for transplanted stem cells, presents the serious obstacle for stem cell therapies’ efficacy. Therefore, continued efforts have been taken to improve stem cells’ viability and plasticity. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has previously been reported to mitigate the complications of various human diseases in animal model studies and in some clinical trials. Besides, human stem cells from the root apical papilla (SCAP) are deemed a better resource of mesenchymal stem cells due to derived stem cells holding greater amplification ability in vitro compared with those from other dental resources. To move forward, evaluating effects and understanding underlying molecular mechanisms of HGF on SCAP for periodontal regeneration are needed. In this study, HGF was transgenically expressed in SCAP, and it was found that HGF enhanced osteo/dentinogenic differentiation capacity of SCAP compared with those of non-treated control in an ectopic mineralization model. Moreover, HGF reduced the apoptosis of SCAP under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, whereas the combination of HGF and hypoxia exposure had inhibitory effects on cell proliferation during an 8-day in vitro culture period. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that suppressed cell cycle progression and activated BMP/TGFβ, Hedgehog, WNT, FGF, HOX, and other morphogen family members result upon HGF overexpression, which may render SCAP recapitulate part of neural crest stem cell characteristics. Moreover, strengthened stress response modulation such as unfolded protein response, macroautophagy, and anti-apoptotic molecules might explain the increased viability of SCAP. In all, our results imply that these potential mechanisms underlying HGF-promoting SCAP differentiation could be further elucidated and harnessed to improve periodontal tissue regeneration.
A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in
SH2B3/LNK
Promotes Hypertension Development and Renal Damage
Authors: Alexander Matthew R. , Hank Samuel , Dale Bethany L. , Himmel Lauren , Zhong Xue , Smart Charles D. , Fehrenbach Daniel J. , Chen Yuhan , Prabakaran Nitin , Tirado Brian , Centrella Megan , Ao Mingfang , Du Liping , Shyr Yu , Levy Daniel , Madhur Meena S.
Published: September 2022

Background:

SH2B3 (SH2B adaptor protein 3) is an adaptor protein that negatively regulates cytokine signaling and cell proliferation. A common missense single nucleotide polymorphism in
SH2B3
(rs3184504) results in substitution of tryptophan (Trp) for arginine (Arg) at amino acid 262 and is a top association signal for hypertension in human genome-wide association studies. Whether this variant is causal for hypertension, and if so, the mechanism by which it impacts pathogenesis is unknown.

Methods:

We used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to create mice homozygous for the major (Arg/Arg) and minor (Trp/Trp) alleles of this
SH2B3
polymorphism. Mice underwent angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion to evaluate differences in blood pressure (BP) elevation and end-organ damage including albuminuria and renal fibrosis. Cytokine production and Stat4 phosphorylation was also assessed in Arg/Arg and Trp/Trp T cells.

Results:

Trp/Trp mice exhibit 10 mmHg higher systolic BP during chronic Ang II infusion compared to Arg/Arg controls. Renal injury and perivascular fibrosis are exacerbated in Trp/Trp mice compared to Arg/Arg controls following Ang II infusion. Renal and ex vivo stimulated splenic CD8
+
T cells from Ang II-infused Trp/Trp mice produce significantly more interferon gamma (IFNg) compared to Arg/Arg controls. Interleukin-12 (IL-12)-induced IFNg production is greater in Trp/Trp compared to Arg/Arg CD8
+
T cells. In addition, IL-12 enhances Stat4 phosphorylation to a greater degree in Trp/Trp compared to Arg/Arg CD8
+
T cells, suggesting that Trp-encoding SH2B3 exhibits less negative regulation of IL-12 signaling to promote IFNg production. Finally, we demonstrated that a multi-SNP model genetically predicting increased
SH2B3
expression in lymphocytes is inversely associated with hypertension and hypertensive chronic kidney disease in humans..

Conclusions:

Taken together, these results suggest that the Trp encoding allele of rs3184504 is causal for BP elevation and renal dysfunction, in part through loss of SH2B3-mediated repression of T cell IL-12 signaling leading to enhanced IFNg production.
POWER RELATIONS IN TOTALITARIAN REGIMES: A FOUCAULDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: KURNAZ Ahmet , KARA Mustafa
Published: September 2022

The root and nature of power have been the subject of political discussions for centuries. We aim to evaluate the power relations in totalitarian regimes from the Foucauldian perspective by using a phenomenological research design and examining the works of three authors who have experienced a totalitarian regime. The works named Kallocain, the Captive Mind and In God's Underground are investigated under "discipline, subject and knowledge" concepts within Foucault's power relations scheme. Data is analyzed using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software MAXQDA. Our findings show that the construction of self and deception are essential ways of resisting and reversing confining power in totalitarian regimes. Besides, power in totalitarian regimes aims to seize the minds as well as the bodies, but the created penal economy is not prosperous at the desired level. Finally, although the truth systems developed by the intellectuals of these regimes impose new duties on the subjects, the main factor determining the direction of power relations is the comprehensiveness of reality.
The United Nations and International Humanitarian Law: The Past 75 Years
Authors: Oberleitner Gerd
Published: September 2022

The creation of the United Nations (UN) in 1945 and the adoption of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 coincide but the relationship between the UN and international humanitarian law (IHL) remains uneasy. While the UN initially refrained from engaging with international humanitarian law, it contributed to making international humanitarian law more humanitarian through the development of human rights standards and their influence on international humanitarian law. The UN’s peacekeeping operations continue to face challenges in applying IHL while preserving the impartial nature of peacekeeping, while the Security Council (primarily through its Protection of Civilians agenda) as well as UN human rights bodies have over the past decades become tools for monitoring and ensuring respect for international humanitarian law and investigating violations of it. The article examines how the UN has over the past 75 years developed, affirmed, investigated, respected, monitored, enforced, and adjudicated international humanitarian law, and analyses the challenges the UN has encountered in doing so.
The Work of the International Law Commission between 1997 and 2022: A Positive Assessment
Authors: Sender Omri , Wood Michael
Published: September 2022

Contrary to what was predicted by some (and is sometimes still suggested), the International Law Commission’s achievements over the past quarter century have been many. To seek to divide its output into successes and failures, or to measure that output against the number of conventions concluded on its basis, is an oversimplification: all of the Commission’s work has contributed, to a greater or lesser degree, to the understanding and development of international law. In engaging with areas of considerable practical importance, the Commission has exerted significant influence on international law, served as a guardian of its systemic nature, and strengthened the rule of law in international affairs. If it remains attentive to the views of States, there is good reason to believe that this will continue in the future.
The Development of Human Rights Law and Challenges Faced by UN Treaty Bodies 1969–2022
Authors: Shelton Dinah
Published: September 2022

This article examines some of the major contributions of and the challenges UN treaty bodies have encountered since the creation of the first such institution, the Committee on Racial Discrimination, in 1969. It looks at the roles played by treaty bodies in interpretating and monitoring compliance with UN human rights treaties, including questions about the effectiveness of procedures, inclusive of individual petitions and the remedies they may afford. It questions whether new procedures like inquiry and investigation may prove more beneficial to victims of abuse than the earlier and less- intrusive measures states were willing to accept. The dearth of reliable evidence on implementation and state enforcement of international human rights treaties makes overall conclusions about the value added by treaty bodies more anecdotal or impressionistic than reliable.
Two new species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, China
Authors: HU TIAN , PENG SHUAI , ZHOU XIN-XIN , ZHENG YI-MING , CONG YI-YAN , HU GUANG-WAN
Published: September 2022

Impatiens longyangensis and I. yaojiapingensis, two new species from Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, China, are described here. The former species is morphologically similar to I. shangjiangensis, but differs by its shorter petioles and peduncle, ovate bract, shortly saccate lower sepal with a longer spur and suborbicular dorsal petal. The latter is similar to I. sterilis, and differs by its pubescent leaf, petiole with one to three pairs of clavate glands, persistent bract, lower sepal with a straight spur and suborbicular dorsal petal. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ITS and plastid atpB-rbcL sequences shows that the two new species belong to I. sect. Racemosae.
Chloranthus coccineus (Chloranthaceae), a new species from Hubei, China
Authors: HE LI-HONG , ZHAO XIN-LEI , YU JING , ZHANG ZHAO
Published: September 2022

Chloranthus coccineus, a new species discovered in Hubei Province, China, is illustrated and described. It is shown to be similar with C. fortunei by detailed morphological comparison and chromosome number count. However, they are easily distinguished by the lengths of the peduncles, the colors of leaf veins when dry and the colors of stamen connectives. Karyotype also lends strong support for the validity as a new species. Moreover, the phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ITS2 and plastid trnL-F data from seven taxa of Chloranthus showed that the putative new species is closest to C. fortunei but they are reciprocally monophyletic to each other for the sampled individuals from different populations. In conclusion, morphological, cytological and molecular evidence supports that C. coccineus is a new species.
Novelties in Microlicia (Melastomataceae, Lavoisiereae) endemic to the campo rupestre of Guiné, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: PACIFICO RICARDO , ALMEDA FRANK , GALI LORENA , FIDANZA KARINA
Published: September 2022

Two species of the Neotropical genus Microlicia are here proposed as new (Microlicia bicolor and M. pataroi). Both species are restricted to the Beco do Guiné trail to Vale do Pati in the municipality of Mucugê, state of Bahia, Brazil. Diagnoses, line drawings, notes on diagnostic characters, habitat and phenology, conservation assessments, and distribution maps are provided.
Digital Automation and AI: Trajectories and Cultures in and Outside the Workplace
Authors: Schulz Jeremy , Robinson Laura , Wellman Barry
Published: September 2022

This issue of the American Behavioral Scientist brings together seven contributions that explore different facets of the two overarching themes connected to digital automation. The first section of the issue delves into the complex ways in which digital automation interacts with preexisting social and economic institutions, specifically professions, markets, and formal organizations. The second section includes contributions that explore the cultural side of digital automation in terms of time and humanness. The issue concludes with an examination of the complex entanglement of digital automation and the covid-19 pandemic as they reshape the post-automation/post-pandemic economic landscape, including labor markets, jobs, consumption, and economic growth.
White Label: The Technological Illusion of Competition
Authors: Gabison Garry A.
Published: September 2022

This article looks at the competition (or lack thereof) in the U.S. and EU financial service markets and how innovative companies have decided to enter the market. Over the years, many start-ups have ventured into financial services; however, they have faced heavy regulations. These regulations have led these companies to using a “white label” business model. This model has wide competition law implications: some good (e.g., more innovation at different levels of financial services) and some bad (e.g., innovative companies being bought out). These start-ups do not provide the competition first hoped while competition authorities and regulators often lag behind the technology to act and preserve competition before it is too late. This article makes some recommendations how the U.S. and EU competition authorities can learn from each other’s mistakes.
Feasibility and acceptability of paramedic-initiated health education for rural-dwelling older people
Authors: McManamny Tegwyn E , Boyd Leanne , Sheen Jade , Lowthian Judy A
Published: September 2022

Background:

In rural and regional areas, older Australians have poorer health outcomes and higher rates of potentially preventable hospital admissions than their metropolitan counterparts. Paramedics may be uniquely placed to improve health outcomes of rural-dwelling older adults through involvement in primary and preventive healthcare, health promotion and health education. However, the feasibility and acceptability of this remains unexplored.

Aim:

To investigate the utility, feasibility and acceptability of paramedic involvement in health education initiatives aimed at rural-dwelling older people.

Methods:

Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with key stakeholders between July and September 2021. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken.

Findings:

Participants (older people and their carers, n = 3; health service representatives, n = 4; and ambulance service representatives, n = 3) linked acceptability to the position of trust and visibility paramedics held within the community. The coverage provided by ambulance services in rural and regional areas, and the enhanced skills and collaborative relationships that rural paramedics develop, were seen as enabling factors to expanded roles.

Conclusion:

Key stakeholders’ perspectives on the role of paramedics in health education for rural-dwelling older people highlighted the trust placed in paramedics. Meeting identified needs without competing with established health initiatives was seen as important with respect to paramedic engagement in broader primary health care opportunities.
Staging Genocide: Theatrical Remembering of the Romani Holocaust
Authors: Lie Siv B. , Costache Ioanida
Published: September 2022

This article explores performance-centred efforts to remediate the erasure of Romanies from public Holocaust narratives. First, the French play Samudaripen uses aesthetic strategies that emphasize themes of violence and rupture in order to evoke the brutality of Romani persecution under Nazi and Vichy regimes. With its performative elisions between Romani experiences in internment camps in France and concentration camps abroad, Samudaripen connects both historically-specific and fictionalized instances of Romani trauma to broader patterns of anti-Romani persecution past and present. Second, the Romanian-Romani language theatre piece Kali Traš (‘Black Fear’) relays the story of the Romani deportations to camps in Romania in the region of Transnistria under the rule of Romanian fascist dictator Ion Antonescu. Kali Traš pushes back against the silencing of the Romani genocide by reinvigorating the counter-history of the Romani Holocaust in both informative and affectively compelling ways. Each play proclaims Romani agency in commemorative contexts through its narrative and aesthetic strategies. This article shows how Romani artists have engaged in public-facing projects that criticize mainstream Holocaust historiographies and anti-Romani racism more broadly, assessing the extent to which such works constitute valuable additions to Romani struggles for recognition and reparations.
Ultrasonographic analysis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: a report of 55 cases
Authors: Liu Lei , Lin Zhouqin , Wang Ruijie , Xie Fusui , Zhou Jingran , Liu Tingting , Liu Shizhe , Zhao Cailei , Xia Bei
Published: September 2022

Objective

To explore the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in children.

Method

The clinical and imaging features of 55 children with pathologically confirmed LCH were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Thirteen patients had bone LCH and 42 had multisystem LCH. Among the 13 cases of bone LCH, 8 cases involving the skull and 2 involving the scapula were characterized by osteolytic bone destruction, 1 case involving the clavicle and 1 involving the iliac bone showed multiple irregular bone destruction, and 1 case involving the tibia showed local hypoechoic cortical bone. Soft tissue echo filling was present in the local areas of bone destruction. Among the 42 cases of multisystem LCH, 33 involved the bone, 35 showed an enlarged liver, 15 involved the spleen, 2 involved the pancreas, 3 involved the lung, 3 involved the thymus, and 21 affected the lymph nodes in different regions.

Conclusions

Ultrasonography of the flat bones in children with LCH mainly showed punched-out osteolytic bone destruction. Long bone lesions were characterized by fan shell changes in the endosteum of long bones, and some also showed bone destruction. Multisystem LCH can affect almost any organ. Ultrasonography is important for early diagnosis.
Functioning issues in inpatients affected by COVID-19-related moderate pulmonary impairment: a real-practice observational study
Authors: Moretti Antimo , Belfiore Antonella , Bianco Massimiliano , Liguori Sara , Paoletta Marco , Toro Giuseppe , Gimigliano Francesca , Iolascon Giovanni
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the correlations between clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes in inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

In this observational study, we recruited inpatients affected by moderate COVID-19 disease. The clinical evaluation comprised the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), numerical rating scale (NRS), modified Rankin scale (mRS), and the modified Borg dyspnea scale (mBDS). Respiratory involvement was assessed with computed tomography (CT) and graded with a CT-severity score (CT-SS). We retrospectively assessed functioning using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) codes of the Clinical Functioning Information Tool (ClinFIT) COVID-19 in the acute phase. Correlation analysis was performed 1) between clinical, instrumental, and functional parameters and 2) between ICF categories.

Results

The data showed statistically significant moderate correlations between CT-SS and the following categories: b152 “emotional functions” and b440 “respiratory functions”.

Conclusion

This is the first study to use the ICF framework in people with a moderate form of COVID-19 in the acute phase. Considering the correlations between some ICF categories and radiological findings, our results support the use of the ClinFIT COVID-19 for a comprehensive assessment of COVID-19 patients.
School-based Mentoring in Secondary Education: Its Effect on School Climate and Aggression Among Peers
Authors: Fernández-Rouco Noelia , Fernández-Fuertes Andrés A. , García-Lastra Marta , España-Chico Celia
Published: September 2022

Background: School-based mentoring provided by teachers contributes to the ultimate goal of education: all-round student development and a good mutual coexistence. Aims: This study investigates secondary school students’ perceptions of a school climate and school-based mentoring provided by teachers; it also examines the relationship between the school climate and peer aggression, and the moderating effect that teacher-led school mentoring could have on this relationship. Methodology: A total of 441 students between 12 and 17 years old ( M = 13.99, SD = 1.33) were surveyed in Cantabria (Spain); the high schools were selected by means of a random sampling of two-stage clusters. Findings: The results demonstrated a direct negative relationship between a school climate and school-based mentoring with respect to peer aggression victimization. Likewise, mentoring showed a moderating effect on the relationship between a school climate and peer aggression victimization. Further implications: These findings highlight the importance of the school climate in preventing peer aggression and the central role that school-based mentoring plays in the relationship between a school climate and peer aggression victimization.
Effect of temperature and oxygen functional groups on interaction between epoxy resins and graphene surface
Authors: Salehi Arman , Rash-Ahmadi Samrand
Published: September 2022

Surface interactions between epoxy matrices and graphene nanosheets can directly affect the properties of nanocomposites, and such interactions are crucial to investigate. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the interaction rate between epoxy thermoset resins (EPON 828, EPON 862, Epoxy Novolac, and Cycloaliphatic Epoxy) with graphene, and Functionalized Graphene with Oxygen Functional Groups. The effect of temperatures and different weight percentage of graphene oxide (1, 3, and 5 wt.%) was studied, and as a result of which it was observed that increasing the weight percentage of graphene oxide improved the interaction energy (adhesion) between epoxy resins and graphene oxide. Also, it decreased the radius of gyration (more contraction of epoxy molecules than graphene oxide nanosheets). In addition, increasing the temperature led to reduction of the interaction energy between epoxy resins and functionalized graphene. Moreover, escalating the temperature did not have any significant effect on the radius of gyration and Epoxy molecules resizing compared to graphene oxide nanosheets. The amount of interaction energy between epoxy resins and pristine graphene is very low in comparison with graphene oxide; therefore, temperature has a small effect on the amount of interaction energy and radius of gyration. Finally, the strongest interaction energy was found to be related to Epoxy Novolac and EPON 862 resins by comparing the interaction energy and radius of gyration between epoxy resins with graphene oxide. Therefore, they were the best candidates for matrixes in epoxy/graphene oxide nanocomposites.
Study on machinability characteristics of novel additive manufactured titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) fabricated by direct metal laser sintering
Authors: KM Rajan , Sahoo Ashok Kumar , Routara Bharat Chandra , Panda Amlana , Kumar Ramanuj
Published: September 2022

The pressing demand of Ti-6Al-4V (grade 5) in aerospace, medical, marine, and chemical processing industries has gained momentum in recent years due to its excellent properties such as high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance, bio-compatibility and a common material for additive manufacturing. Additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V have higher mechanical properties as compared to wrought alloys due to difference in microstructure that negatively influences the machinability characteristics and also lacks ductility. The main limitation of fabricated additive manufactured (AMed) component is the poor surface quality, staircase effect and adhering of non-melted powder particles to the fabricated components. Again, fatigue life of components increases with decrease of surface roughness. Therefore the need of machining of AMed titanium alloys in recent years are gaining importance to eliminate these problems so that desired surface quality and tolerances can be achieved. Therefore the objective of the study is to develop additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V through direct metal laser sintering process and investigate its machinability characteristics under flood cooling environment with respect to responses as tool wear, surface roughness, cutting temperature, and chip morphology. As most of the heat generated at the interfaces has been carried away through flood cooling, the rate of growth of tool wear, cutting temperature, surface roughness, and degree of serration decreases and thus makes the performance of AMed Ti alloys are comparable with wrought Ti alloys. The dominant tool wear mechanism during machining AMed Ti alloy have been found to be abrasion, chipping, adhesion, BUE, chemical interaction between titanium and cutting tool materials, coating delamination. Optimal parameters for multi-responses are 0.1 mm depth of cut, 0.1 mm/rev feed rate, and 70 m/min cutting speed and improved. Mathematical models are said to be significant and fitted well. Because of the improved machinability, AMed Ti alloys find itself suitable in industrial applications.