bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The antecryst compositional influence on Cretaceous alkaline lamprophyre dykes, SE Brazil
Authors: Menezes Saulo Gobbo , Azzone Rogério Guitarrari , Rojas Gaston Eduardo Enrich , Ruberti Excelso , Cagliarani Renata , Gomes Celso de Barros , Chmyz Luanna
Published: May 2015

The question of whether the antecryst assemblage affects the bulk composition of lamprophyre dykes, and could be responsible for the compositional zonation between their centers and borders is addressed through a detailed study involving four monchiquite and camptonite dykes (basanites and tephrites) representative of the Arco de Ponta Grossa and Serra do Mar alkaline provinces. In them, antecrysts are interpreted as early-crystallized minerals that are no longer in equilibrium with their host-liquid, albeit still linked to the same magmatic system. They represent recycled crystals of earlier stages of the magmatic system at depth. The antecryst microtextures, such as zoned clinopyroxene megacrysts (augite cores and titanaugite rims) with partly corroded cores, olivine crystals with corroded rims surrounded by biotite coronas, chrome-spinel inclusions in clinopyroxene and olivine megacryst cores, and titanomagnetite crystals surrounded by biotite coronas, suggest chemical re-equilibrium with the matrix. The greatest antecryst cargo in these dykes is found in their centers. After subtracting the antecryst volume from the center analyses of each body, the calculated compositions are very similar to the border analyses. The mafic antecryst cargo of each occurrence proportionally leads to enrichment of MgO, FeO, TiO2, CaO, compatible trace elements (Cr, Ni and Co), and depletion of SiO2, K2O, Na2O, Al2O3 and incompatible trace elements (Ba, Sr and REE). The whole-rock geochemical analyses of each dyke represent the combination of accumulated crystals and melt. The compositional zonation of the studied dykes is associated with the antecryst cargo rather than different magmatic pulses.
A Formação Serra Alta, Permiano, no centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo, Bacia do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Warren Lucas Veríssimo , Assine Mario Luis , Simões Marcello Guimarães , Riccomini Claudio , Anelli Luís Eduardo
Published: May 2015

A individualização e o mapeamento da Formação Serra Alta no Estado de São Paulo sempre foi motivo de controvérsia na comunidade geológica. Apesar de apresentar extensão comparável à Formação Irati em subsuperfície, a unidade ainda carece de estudos mais acurados acerca de seu posicionamento estratigráfico, conteúdo fossilífero, sistema deposicional e idade. Na região centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo, a Formação Serra Alta sucede estratigraficamente a Formação Irati, sendo constituída por depósitos pelíticos cinza escuros. A unidade é mapeada desde o limite sul do estado até o Domo de Gibóia, no Município de Rio das Pedras. Neste local, as formações Serra Alta e Teresina são substituídas pelos depósitos pelíticos da Formação Corumbataí, que se estende para norte, além do limite do Estado de São Paulo, e pode ser considerada unidade correlata a estas. Neste estudo, são apresentadas seções colunares e caracterizados os contatos da Formação Serra Alta com as formações permianas verticalmente contíguas. É apresentada também detalhada análise de fácies, com a finalidade de caracterizar o sistema deposicional. A análise de perfis de sondagem possibilitou também melhor compreensão dos padrões arquiteturais da Formação Serra Alta, auxiliando na determinação de sua real distribuição e posição estratigráfica na porção centro-sul do estado. A integração das informações obtidas permitiu identificar tendências de empilhamento transgressivo particulares, contribuindo para o detalhamento da sucessão predominantemente regressiva em que se depositaram as unidades permianas da Bacia do Paraná.
Morfologia radicular de cultivares de café arábica submetidas a diferentes arranjos espaciais
Authors: Ronchi Cláudio Pagotto , Sousa Júnior José Márcio de , Ameida Wellington Luiz de , Souza Daniela Silva , Silva Natália Oliveira , Oliveira Leandro Barbosa de , Guerra Antonia Miriam Nogueira de Moura , Ferreira Paulo Afonso
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as respostas morfológicas do sistema radicular de quatro cultivares de café arábica submetidas a diferentes arranjos espaciais. Os espaçamentos adotados foram os de 0,40, 0,50, 0,60, 0,70 e 0,80 m entre plantas na linha, tendo-se mantido fixo 3,8 m na entrelinha. Aos 27, 35 e 39 meses após o transplantio, foram coletadas amostras de solo+raízes em três posições em relação aos caules das plantas e três profundidades. As raízes foram lavadas, coloridas, digitalizadas e processadas com o programa Safira. A cultivar Tupi RN IAC 1669-13 apresentou sistema radicular com características morfológicas relacionadas à absorção de nutrientes e de água superiores às das cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62 e Catuaí Amarelo IAC 32, para todos os arranjos espaciais testados. A redução no espaçamento aumenta a abundância de raízes por volume de solo, sem alterar a qualidade morfológica do sistema radicular, nem aprofundá-lo. Os sistemas radiculares das cultivares avaliadas são mais abundantes e apresentam superfície e comprimento específico maiores entre plantas adjacentes, seguidas das posições afastadas a 0,25 e 0,50 m do caule. A proporção de raízes na camada de 0,1 m de profundidade é maior que a na de 0,4 m, para todos os espaçamentos. A variação no espaçamento entre plantas na linha altera a morfologia do sistema radicular do café arábica.
Vivendo com insuficiência renal: obstáculos na terapia da hemodiálise na perspectiva das pessoas doentes e suas famílias
Authors: Mercado-Martinez Francisco Javier , Silva Denise Guerreiro Vieira da , Souza Sabrina da Silva de , Zillmer Juliana Graciela Vestana , Lopes Soraia Geraldo Rozza , Böell Julia Estela
Published: May 2015

O princípio do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil é assegurar à população o direito a uma atenção à saúde universal, integral e gratuita, incluindo as pessoas com insuficiência renal. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi examinar as perspectivas das pessoas com doença renal crônica e seus familiares sobre os obstáculos enfrentados no acesso à terapia de hemodiálise. Foi realizado estudo qualitativo em um hospital público localizado no sul do Brasil. Utilizando uma amostragem teórica, 11 pessoas em hemodiálise e cinco familiares foram selecionados. Os dados foram obtidos mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas e realizou-se análise de conteúdo convencional. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes manifestavam ter recebido bom atendimento dos profissionais de saúde no tratamento de hemodiálise. Além das sessões de hemodiálise, eles também reconheciam o acesso gratuito a medicamentos, exames, hospitalizações, transporte, alimentação e outros. No entanto, enfrentavam carências e dificuldades pela falta de profissional médico, medicamentos e materiais básicos de diagnóstico. Por isso, aqueles com mais recursos econômicos optavam pela medicina privada, consultando especialistas, comprando medicamentos e realizando exames mais rapidamente. Conclui-se que os obstáculos no acesso à terapia de hemodiálise repercutem negativamente na atenção à saúde das pessoas com DRC e acentuam as desigualdades sociais.
Os significados da comorbidade para os pacientes vivendo com TB/HIV: repercussões no tratamento
Authors: Silva Jacqueline Barbosa , Cardoso Gisela Cordeiro Pereira , Netto Antonio Ruffino , Kritski Afrânio Lineu
Published: May 2015

O objetivo é compreender o processo de construção dos significados atribuídos pelos pacientes em relação à vivência da comorbidade tuberculose e HIV (TB/HIV), e sua repercussão nos respectivos tratamentos. Diante da complexidade do objeto, optou-se em estudá-lo à luz do referencial teórico do construcionismo social. O estudo qualitativo envolveu a realização de entrevista semiestruturada com dez pacientes com TB/HIV, acompanhados em um hospital na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à técnica de análise de conteúdo temático, organizados em cinco eixos: a) paciente e suas doenças; b) apoio; c) significados do tratamento; d) relação com o serviço de saúde; e e) estigma, preconceito e discriminação. Os resultados sinalizam que a vivência das duas condições e seus respectivos tratamentos é uma experiência difícil, trazendo sofrimento acentuado à vida dos pacientes. A TB acirra a dor do viver com HIV/Aids. O estigma da TB é reforçado pelo estigma da Aids, aumentando a vivência de medo associado ao preconceito. À família, à religião e ao serviço de saúde é atribuído papel fundamental, como lugar seguro e de preservação da identidade. Apesar do sofrimento físico, psicológico e moral e das dificuldades com ambos os tratamentos, é possível fazer conciliações no cotidiano.
Teaching patient safety in the medical undergraduate program at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Authors: Bohomol Elena , Cunha Isabel Cristina Kowal Olm
Published: May 2015

Objective To analyze the Educational Project of the undergraduate medical course to verify what is taught regarding Patient Safety and to enable reflections on the educational practice. Methods A descriptive study, using document research as strategy. The document of investigation was the Educational Project of the medical course, in 2006, at the Escola Paulista de Medicina of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo. The theoretical framework adopted was the Multi-Professional Patient Safety Curriculum Guide of the World Health Organization, which led to the preparation of a list with 153 tracking terms. Results We identified 65 syllabus units in the Educational Project of the course, in which 40 (61.5%) addressed topics related to Patient Safety. Themes on the topic “Infection prevention and control” were found in 19 (47.5%) units and teaching of “Interaction with patients and caregivers” in 12 (32.5%); however content related to “Learning from errors to prevent harm” were not found. None of the framework topics had their proposed themes entirely taught during the period of education of the future physicians. Conclusion Patient safety is taught in a fragmented manner, which values clinical skills such as the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, post-treatment, surgical procedures, and follow-up. Since it is a recent movement, the teaching of patient safety confronts informative proposals based on traditional structures centered on subjects and on specific education, and it is still poorly valued.
Cervical cancer screening in young and elderly women of the Xingu Indigenous Park: evaluation of the recommended screening age group in Brazil
Authors: Speck Neila Maria de Góis , Pinheiro Juliana da Silva , Pereira Erica Ribeiro , Rodrigues Douglas , Focchi Gustavo Rubino de Azevedo , Ribalta Julisa Chamorro Lascasas
Published: May 2015

Objective To analyze the occurrence of atypia in the cytology/histology examinations of young women under the age of 25 years and of elderly women aged over 64 years, in the Xingu Indigenous Park and to evaluate, in a subjective manner, if the age range for screening established by the Ministry of Health and the Instituto Nacional de Câncer is appropriate for this population. Methods The Xingu/UNIFESP Project, in partnership with the Center for Gynecological Disease Prevention, develops programs to prevent cervical cancer. The exploratory, retrospective and descriptive study of cytological and histopathological examinations of young (12-24 years) and elderly (aged 64 and over) women of the Xingu Indigenous Park, between 2005 and 2011. Results There was low occurrence of cytological atypia in the elderly female population, but there were occasional high-grade lesions in the indigenous youth. Conclusion Interrupting screening at the limit age of 64 years, as established by the Ministry of Health and the Instituto Nacional de Câncer is justified. However, screening of young women should begin at an earlier age.
Biotic or abiotic factors: which has greater influence in determining the structure of rotifers in semi-arid reservoirs?
Authors: Azevêdo Daniele Jovem da Silva , Barbosa José Etham de Lucena , Porto Danianne Enéias , Gomes Wilma Izabelly Ananias , Molozzi Joseline
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate whether the distribution of structural attributes of rotifers in reservoirs in the semiarid region is more strongly influenced by abiotic or biotic environmental factors (density of cyanobacteria).MethodSampling occurred in two reservoirs in the Paraíba Basin, northeastern Brazil (Poções and Camalaú) during April and June 2012. Eight sampling points were distributed at two stations in each reservoir: the region near the entrance of the main tributary and region of the dam and collections were made in the limnetic and littoral zone in every season. To assess the abiotic influence and density of cyanobacteria in the distribution of the structural attributes of rotifers, environmental variables bivariate correlation was conducted in series.ResultsIn Poções reservoir, the distribution of rotifer biomass was negatively related to the density of cyanobacteria; among the environmental variables, chlorophyll-a and total nitrogen were negatively related to all of the tested structural attributes, while the concentrations of total phosphorus were strongly related to the abundance of rotifers. In the Camalaú reservoir, the biomass was a structural attribute with a stronger correlation to the density of cyanobacteria; between the environmental variables and Egeria densa, nitrate was negatively related to all of the attributes tested, while transparency was moderately related to the abundance, biomass and richness as well as Chara sp. with abundance.ConclusionsAssemblages of rotifers are more clearly related to environmental conditions, especially those indicative of trophic conditions, despite the density of cyanobacteria having been a factor that was positively related to the structural characteristics of rotifers and thus indicative of such structural assemblies. This can be used for analysis of local environmental condition factors.
Zooplankton community of Parnaíba River, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Lucena Ludmilla Cavalcanti Antunes , Melo Thaís Xavier de , Medeiros Elvio Sergio Figueredo
Published: May 2015

Aim:The objective of the present work is to present a list of species of zooplankton (Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda) from the Parnaíba River. Additionally, we provide comments on their distribution along the river, and between dry and wet seasons.MethodsZooplankton was collected with a plankton net (60 µm mesh) and concentrated into a volume of 80 mL for further analysis, during the dry (October 2010) and wet (April 2011) seasons. Sampling was restricted to the marginal areas at depths between 80 and 150 cm.ResultsA total of 132 species was recorded among the three zooplankton groups studied. During the dry season a total of 82 species was registered and 102 species was registered for the wet season. Rotifera contributed with 66.7% of the species, followed by Cladocera (26.5%) and Copepoda (6.8%).ConclusionsThe richness of species observed was high compared to other large rivers in Brazil. In the context of current policies for water management and river diversions in northeastern Brazil, the present study highlights the importance of this river system for biodiversity conservation.
Mjesto i uloga strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš u integralnom upravljanju obalnim područjem Republike Hrvatske
Authors:   Institut IGH d. d., Split, Erdelez Anita , Katavić Ivan
Published: May 2015

Strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš predstavlja jedan od upravljačkih alata pri integralnom upravljanju obalnim područjem. Prema zakonodavstvu Republike Hrvatske, strateška procjena utjecaja na okoliš obvezna je za većinu strategija, planova i programa. Principi integralnog upravljanja obalnim područjem, kao što su interdisciplinarnost, usklađenje sektorskih interesa i ekosustavni pristup svoju realizaciju mogu postići kroz stratešku procjenu utjecaja na okoliš u sektorima relevantnim za obalno područje, kao i u prostornim planovima jadranskih županija. Polazeći od specifičnih obilježja istočne obale Jadrana, rad daje pregled zakonske regulative u Republici Hrvatskoj vezane uz integralno upravljanje obalnim područjem i stratešku procjenu utjecaja na okoliš, kao i pregled sektorskih strateških dokumenata i županijskih prostornih planova relevantnih za obalno područje. Donosi se također kratki pregled dosadašnje primjene strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš u Republici Hrvatskoj. Prednosti i nedostatci primjene strateške procjene utjecaja na okoliš, kao jednog od alata integralnog upravljanja obalnim područjem, predstavljeni su SWOT analizom.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Suppresses Differentiation and Increases Apoptosis of Osteoblasts From New Zealand Obese Mice
Authors: Dittmann Cora , Doueiri Salim , Kluge Reinhart , Dommisch Henrik , Gaber Timo , Pischon Nicole
Published: May 2015

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex cluster of risk factors for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, is observed to be increasingly associated with periodontal disease. However, the fundamental contribution of periodontal bacteria to periodontal bone loss in patients with MetS remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis on differentiation of primary osteoblasts from New Zealand obese (NZO) mice, a model for MetS, compared with C57 Black 6 JAX (C57BL/6J) mice osteoblasts.

Methods: Primary calvarial osteoblasts, isolated from 3‐day‐old NZO and control C57BL/6J mice, were stimulated with P. gingivalis. Proliferation was quantified by 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation. Cell cycle and early and late apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Gene expression was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).

Results: Twelve hours after P. gingivalis stimulation, NZO osteoblasts showed significantly decreased proliferation (P ≤0.01) with increased G2 cell cycle phase compared with normal osteoblasts. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated significant (P ≤0.01) increase of early apoptotic cells (annexin V positive) and late apoptosis (caspase 3 activity) in NZO cells compared with control cells at 3 and 6 hours after stimulation. No significant lactate dehydrogenase release was found after P. gingivalis stimulation. RT‐PCR data showed significantly suppressed expression (P ≤0.01) of collagen 1, osteocalcin, and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 in NZO cells compared with normal osteoblasts.

Conclusions: The present data demonstrate that P. gingivalis downregulates proliferation and promotes apoptosis in primary NZO osteoblasts, unlike C57BL/6J osteoblasts. Also, suppressed osteoblastic marker expression in NZO cells may contribute to pathogenesis of periodontitis, suggesting a similar process in patients with MetS.
Corn Response to Nitrogen at Multiple Sulfur Rates
Authors: Steinke Kurt , Rutan Jeff , Thurgood Luke
Published: May 2015

Early planting into cooler soils, increased nutrient removal by higher yielding hybrids, and reduced atmospheric S depositions suggest reassessing S application strategies for corn (Zea mays L.) in Michigan. In 2012 and 2013, field studies were initiated to evaluate corn response to S and N applications by measuring S and N plant concentrations, uptake, grain yield, and agronomic efficiency (AE). The study was arranged as a split‐plot randomized complete block with four replications. Main plots consisted of three S rates (0, 23, and 45 kg S ha−1) while subplots consisted of six N rates (0, 56, 112, 169, 225, and 281 kg N ha−1). Corn tissue V6 S concentrations were in the sufficiency range for optimal corn growth without S in 1 of 2 yr. Without N fertilizer, significant yield differences were observed among the 0, 23, and 45 kg S rates in 2012 (6.7, 7.7, and 9.5 Mg ha−1, respectively) and 2013 (3.2, 5.7, and 3.5 Mg ha−1, respectively). In 2013, significant yield increases to S applications occurred only at ≤56 kg N ha−1. Data suggest fine‐textured soils with organic matter ≥ 28 g kg−1 and residual S ≥ 6–8 mg kg−1 are sufficient for maximum corn yield without S when N application rates exceed 56 kg N ha−1. Choosing optimal corn N application rates may satisfy physiological S requirements under these field conditions indicating N/S ratio may not have been sufficient at N rates ≤ 56 kg N ha−1.
Intramuscular hepatitis B immunoglobulins for reinfection control after liver transplantation: a cost-saving alternative
Authors: Hulstaert Eva , Verhelst Xavier , Geerts Anja , Van Vlierberghe Hans
Published: May 2015

Aim:
We explore the effectiveness and cost–effectiveness of intramuscular versus intravenous hepatitis B immunoglobulins (HBIG-IV vs HBIG-IM) to prevent reinfection with the hepatitis B virus after orthotopic liver transplantation.
Patients & methods:
Overall, 14 patients had orthotopic liver transplantation in 2003–2013 at Ghent University Hospital for HBV-related liver disease. On average 32 months after transplantation patients switched from high-dose HBIG-IV to low-dose HBIG-IM, always in combination with a nucleos(t)ide analog.
Results:
Seven patients were switched so far. No significant differences between HBIG-IV and HBIG-IM were found in HBsAg and hepatitis B virus-DNA.
Conclusion:
Switching patients from HBIG-IV to HBIG-IM can be done safely if well monitored. Net yearly savings for the healthcare payer were €5000 for each patient switched to HBIG-IM.
Eagle’s syndrome - a report of two cases
Authors: Kiralj Aleksandar , Ilic Miroslav , Pejakovic Bojan , Markov Borislav , Mijatov Sasa , Mijatov Ivana
Published: May 2015

Introduction. Eagle?s syndrome is defined as elongation of the styloid
process or the stylohyoid ligament mineralization complex which consist of
styloid process, stylohyoid ligament and lesser horn of hyoid bone. It is a
rare entity, is not commonly suspected in clinical practice. It is
characterized by recurrent facial and throat pain, dysphagia, odynophagia,
parapharingeal foreign body sensation, otalgia and neck pain. Eagle??
syndrome can be treated conservatively (lacing local anesthetic into the
styloid process and stylomandibular ligament attachment) or surgically. Its
pathogenesis and threatment modalities are still being debated while
different theories have been presented. Case report. The two traditional
surgical approaches to styloidectomy (removal of the elongated portion of the
styloid process) were presented the intraoral approach and the extraoral
approach. We presented two cases (49 years and 34 years old males), with
bilateral and unilateral elongated styloid process. The surgical treatment
included unilateral right side stiloidectomy by intraoral approach in the
first case and right styloidectomy by extraoral approach in the second case.
In both eases post-operative course passed regularly with no complaints at
regular postoperative control. Conclusion. Surgical techniques for treatment
of Eagle?s syndrome have many advantages and disadvantages. We believe that
the length of the styloid process or the calcified ligament is a decisive
parameter for the selection of techniques and approach.
Massive necrotizing fasciitis following bellow-knee arterial surgery: A therapeutic challenge
Authors: Popov Petar , Tanaskovic Slobodan , Sotirovic Vuk , Nenezic Dragoslav , Radak Djordje
Published: May 2015

Introduction. Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, progressive bacterial
infection of superficial fascia followed by secondary subcutaneous tissue
necrosis. We pressented a patient with massive fulminant lifethreatening
necrotising fasciitis after bellow-knee femoro-popliteal vein bypass grafting
successfully treated by antibiotics, surgical debridement and final skin
reconstruction using the Tierch method. Case report. A 61-year-old patient
was ad-mitted to the Vascular Surgery Clinic for below-knee femoro-popliteal
bypass grafting. He complained of intermittent claudication in the left leg
after 50 m, ankle brachial indexes were 0.45 on the left and 1.0 on the right
side. Femoropopliteal below-knee bypass grafting was done using the
autologous great saphenous vein. In the very next day, initial signs of skin
infection appeared including local inflammation, erythema, swelling and
cellulitis restricted to saphenectomy site. These changes had rapidly spread
in the following days on the deep tissue of the whole upper and lower leg,
including the groin and with clinical signs of life-threatening systemic
infection. Immediate surgical debridement was done followed by extensive
wound packing and wide spectrum antibiotics administration for the next 33
days when final skin reconstruction by the Tierch method was performed.
Interesting point is that this entire time wound swab was sterile.
Conclusion. In the presented case immediate surgical debridement, wide
spectrum antibiotics administration and consistent wound packing gave
satisfactory results in this life-threatening systemic infection. Wound swab
is not always a reliable indicator of the infection while clinical findings
and surgeons? experience are of great significance in rapid reaction to this
rare surgical complication.
Effect of Tillage System and Soil Conditioner Application on Soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merrill.) and Its Crop Management Economic Indicators
Authors: Kováč Ladislav , Jakubová Jana , Šariková Danica
Published: May 2015

Experiments with soybean on heavy soils of East Slovak Lowlands were established in the years 2010–2012. The effect of mineral fertilisers and soil conditioner application on soybean’s yield using three tillage systems (minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT)) was studied. Production costs and economic efficiency of crop management practices were evaluated. The influence of production year on soybean crop was significant in the order of 2011, 2010 and 2012. Statistical evaluation confirmed that the effects of CT and MT systems were more significant compared with NT system. No significant differences were found between the variants of the mineral fertiliser and conditioner application. Differences in the total cost of soybean cultivation, as measured between years, were not significant. Fertilisation variants with application of HUMAC agro and NPK generated the highest costs. On the other hand, the lowest costs were achieved at fertilisation variants with application of NPK alone. Comparing tillage variants, the CT system had the highest costs each year. Significant savings were achieved on MT and NT variants. During the experimental period, a profit was reached on all variants. Applying NPK alone, the highest profit was achieved in 2010 and 2012 using MT system and in 2011 with CT tillage. The variant b2 with PRP sol in the years 2010 and 2011 was the most profitable using NT system and in 2012 using MT. Variant with HUMAC agro was the most profitable in each year using MT. The lowest income threshold for zero profitability was calculated in 2012. Using CT farming techniques at NPK fertilisation variant b1 in 2012, the income threshold was 1.85 t/ha, at variant b2 PRP sol it was 2.10 t/ha and at variant b3 HUMAC agro it was 2.42 t/ha. At MT and NT systems, the income threshold values for zero profitability were lower.
À la recherche de la preuve perdue: a simple proof of the Ficken theorem
Authors: Cichoń Dariusz
Published: May 2015

A new proof of the Ficken criterion is given together with a comment concerning the known proofs and related results
Decision Tree Approach to Discovering Fraud in Leasing Agreements
Authors: Horvat Ivan , Pejić Bach Mirjana , Merkač Skok Marjana
Published: May 2015

Background: Fraud attempts create large losses for financing subjects in modern economies. At the same time, leasing agreements have become more and more popular as a means of financing objects such as machinery and vehicles, but are more vulnerable to fraud attempts. Objectives: The goal of the paper is to estimate the usability of the data mining approach in discovering fraud in leasing agreements. Methods/Approach: Real-world data from one Croatian leasing firm was used for creating tow models for fraud detection in leasing. The decision tree method was used for creating a classification model, and the CHAID algorithm was deployed. Results: The decision tree model has indicated that the object of the leasing agreement had the strongest impact on the probability of fraud. Conclusions: In order to enhance the probability of the developed model, it would be necessary to develop software that would enable automated, quick and transparent retrieval of data from the system, processing according to the rules and displaying the results in multiple categories.
Fostering Innovation in the National Systems: An Application to Spain
Authors: de Pablos Heredero Carmen , Bermejo Ruiz Jose Manuel
Published: May 2015

Background: The sharing of practices that enable the flow and the distribution of tacit knowledge and other ways of proprietary knowledge are essential requisites for promoting an innovation system. Objectives: In this paper a diagnosis of the Spanish Science and Technology System is offered by using the normalized protocol for responsible partnering proposed by EIRMA. Methods/Approach: The triple helix model has been used to identify the agents that take part in the system. The grounded theory has also been applied to analyse interactions and interviews with seven key agents in the system. Results: The lack of common objectives among the main partners in the system is the most important weakness; the New Acts developed in the last three years is a strength that allows the different agents of the system to share objectives. The economic crisis is a threat for the performance of research within the university context and becomes at the same time an opportunity to establish closer relationships. Conclusions: Universities, firms and governments must synchronise their work to accomplish a common objective: produce high levels of innovation that aim to enhance the competitiveness of the system.
Ultrasonographic measured optic nerve sheath diameter as an accurate and quick monitor for changes in intracranial pressure
Authors: Maissan Iscander M. , Dirven Perjan J. A. C. , Haitsma Iain K. , Hoeks Sanne E. , Gommers Diederik , Stolker Robert Jan
Published: May 2015

OBJECT

Ultrasonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is known to be an accurate monitor of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). However, it is yet unknown whether fluctuations in ICP result in direct changes in ONSD. Therefore, the authors researched whether ONSD and ICP simultaneously change during tracheal manipulation in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) who have suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI).

MATERIALS

The authors included 18 ICP-monitored patients who had sustained TBI and were admitted to the ICU. They examined the optic nerve sheath by performing ultrasound before, during, and after tracheal manipulation, which is known to increase ICP. The correlation between ONSD and ICP measurements was determined, and the diagnostic performance of ONSD measurement was tested using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

RESULTS

In all patients ICP increased above 20 mm Hg during manipulation of the trachea, and this increase was directly associated with a dilation of the ONSD of > 5.0 mm. After tracheal manipulation stopped, ICP as well as ONSD decreased immediately to baseline levels. The correlation between ICP and ONSD was high (R2 = 0.80); at a cutoff of ≥ 5.0 mm ONSD, a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 98%, and an area under the curve of 0.99 (95% CI 0.97–1.00) for detecting elevated ICP were determined.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients who have sustained a TBI, ultrasonography of the ONSD is an accurate, simple, and rapid measurement for detecting elevated ICP as well as immediate changes in ICP. Therefore, it might be a useful tool to monitor ICP, especially in conditions in which invasive ICP monitoring is not available, such as at trauma scenes.
Incidence of seizures on continuous EEG monitoring following traumatic brain injury in children
Authors: O’Neill Brent R. , Handler Michael H. , Tong Suhong , Chapman Kevin E.
Published: May 2015

OBJECT

Seizures may cause diagnostic confusion and be a source of metabolic stress after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. The incidence of electroencephalography (EEG)-confirmed seizures and of subclinical seizures in the pediatric population with TBI is not well known.

METHODS

A routine protocol for continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring was initiated for all patients with moderate or severe TBI at a Level 1 pediatric trauma center. Over a 3.5-year period, all patients with TBI who underwent cEEG monitoring, both according to protocol and those with mild head injuries who underwent cEEG monitoring at the discretion of the treating team, were identified prospectively. Clinical data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

Over the study period, 594 children were admitted with TBI, and 144 of these children underwent cEEG monitoring. One hundred two (71%) of these 144 children had moderate or severe TBI. Abusive head trauma (AHT) was the most common mechanism of injury (65 patients, 45%) in children with cEEG monitoring. Seizures were identified on cEEG in 43 patients (30%). Forty (93%) of these 43 patients had subclinical seizures, including 17 (40%) with only subclinical seizures and 23 (53%) with both clinical and subclinical seizures. Fifty-three percent of patients with seizures experienced status epilepticus. Age less than 2.4 years and AHT mechanism were strongly correlated with presence of seizures (odds ratios 8.7 and 6.0, respectively). Those patients with only subclinical seizures had the same risk factors as the other groups. The presence of seizures did not correlate with discharge disposition but was correlated with longer hospital stay and intensive care unit stay.

CONCLUSIONS

Continuous EEG monitoring identifies a significant number of subclinical seizures acutely after TBI. Children younger than 2.4 years of age and victims of AHT are particularly vulnerable to subclinical seizures, and seizures in general. Continuous EEG monitoring allows for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of posttraumatic seizures, and may mitigate secondary injury to the traumatized brain.
Ferroelectric KNNT Fibers by Thermoplastic Extrusion Process: Microstructure and Electromechanical Characterization
Authors: Lusiola Tony , Hussain Ali , Kim Myong , Graule Thomas , Clemens Frank
Published: May 2015

B-site substitution in KNN with tantalum results in a higher d33 and dielectric constant. This higher value makes KNNT interesting for lead-free actuator applications. KNNT fibers with diameters of 300 and 500 μm have been extruded and sintered at 1200 °C in a KNNT-enriched atmosphere. Subsequently, the influence of fiber diameter on the microstructure (porosity and grain size) was investigated. The measurements revealed that with decreasing fiber diameter, the porosity increases, whereas the grain size decreases. The influence of these microstructural differences on the piezoelectric properties was evaluated using a novel characterization procedure for single fibers. The larger diameter fibers show an increase in the electromechanical properties measured, i.e., d33, tanδ, Pr, Ec and the free longitudinal fiber displacement, when compared to smaller diameter fibers. The lower alkali losses result in a larger grain size, a higher density during sintering and lead to higher electromechanical properties.
Natural Ventilation with Heat Recovery: A Biomimetic Concept
Authors: Adamu Zulfikar , Price Andrew
Published: May 2015

In temperate countries, heat recovery is often desirable through mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR). Drawbacks of MVHR include use of electric power and complex ducting, while alternative passive heat recovery systems in the form of roof or chimney-based solutions are limited to low rise buildings. This paper describes a biomimetic concept for natural ventilation with heat recovery (NVHR). The NVHR system mimics the process of water/mineral extraction from urine in the Loop of Henle (part of human kidney). Simulations on a facade-integrated Chamber successfully imitated the geometry and behaviour of the Loop of Henle (LoH). Using a space measuring 12 m2 in area and assuming two heat densities of 18.75 W/m2 (single occupancy) or 30 W/m2 (double occupancy), the maximum indoor temperatures achievable are up to 19.3 °C and 22.3 °C respectively. These come with mean relative ventilation rates of 0.92 air changes per hour (ACH) or 10.7 L·s−1 and 0.92 ACH (11.55 L·s−1), respectively, for the month of January. With active heating and single occupant, the LoH Chamber consumes between 65.7% and 72.1% of the annual heating energy required by a similar naturally ventilated space without heat recovery. The LoH Chamber could operate as stand-alone indoor cabinet, benefitting refurbishment of buildings and evading constraints of complicated ducting, external aesthetic or building age.
Synthesis, Antifungal Activity and Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel 3-(Difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic Acid Amides
Authors: Du Shijie , Tian Zaimin , Yang Dongyan , Li Xiuyun , Li Hong , Jia Changqing , Che Chuanliang , Wang Mian , Qin Zhaohai
Published: May 2015

A series of novel 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid amides were synthesized and their activities were tested against seven phytopathogenic fungi by an in vitro mycelia growth inhibition assay. Most of them displayed moderate to excellent activities. Among them N-(2-(5-bromo-1H-indazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-(difluoro-methyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (9m) exhibited higher antifungal activity against the seven phytopathogenic fungi than boscalid. Topomer CoMFA was employed to develop a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship model for the compounds. In molecular docking, the carbonyl oxygen atom of 9m could form hydrogen bonds towards the hydroxyl of TYR58 and TRP173 on SDH.
Low Folate and Selenium in the Mouse Maternal Diet Alters Liver Gene Expression Patterns in the Offspring after Weaning
Authors: Barnett Matthew , Bermingham Emma , Young Wayne , Bassett Shalome , Hesketh John , Maciel-Dominguez Anabel , McNabb Warren , Roy Nicole
Published: May 2015

During pregnancy, selenium (Se) and folate requirements increase, with deficiencies linked to neural tube defects (folate) and DNA oxidation (Se). This study investigated the effect of a high-fat diet either supplemented with (diet H), or marginally deficient in (diet L), Se and folate. Pregnant female mice and their male offspring were assigned to one of four treatments: diet H during gestation, lactation and post-weaning; diet L during gestation, lactation and post-weaning; diet H during gestation and lactation but diet L fed to offspring post-weaning; or diet L during gestation and lactation followed by diet H fed to offspring post-weaning. Microarray and pathway analyses were performed using RNA from colon and liver of 12-week-old male offspring. Gene set enrichment analysis of liver gene expression showed that diet L affected several pathways including regulation of translation (protein biosynthesis), methyl group metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism; this effect was stronger when the diet was fed to mothers, rather than to offspring. No significant differences in individual gene expression were observed in colon but there were significant differences in cell cycle control pathways. In conclusion, a maternal low Se/folate diet during gestation and lactation has more effects on gene expression in offspring than the same diet fed to offspring post-weaning; low Se and folate in utero and during lactation thus has persistent metabolic effects in the offspring.
Leucine Promotes Proliferation and Differentiation of Primary Preterm Rat Satellite Cells in Part through mTORC1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Dai Jie-Min , Yu Mu-Xue , Shen Zhen-Yu , Guo Chu-Yi , Zhuang Si-Qi , Qiu Xiao-Shan
Published: May 2015

Signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in response to leucine modulates many cellular and developmental processes. However, in the context of satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, the role of leucine and mTORC1 is less known. This study investigates the role of leucine in the process of proliferation and differentiation of primary preterm rat satellite cells, and the relationship with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation. Dissociation of primary satellite cells occurred with type I collagenase and trypsin, and purification, via different speed adherence methods. Satellite cells with positive expression of Desmin were treated with leucine and rapamycin. We observed that leucine promoted proliferation and differentiation of primary satellite cells and increased the phosphorylation of mTOR. Rapamycin inhibited proliferation and differentiation, as well as decreased the phosphorylation level of mTOR. Furthermore, leucine increased the expression of MyoD and myogenin while the protein level of MyoD decreased due to rapamycin. However, myogenin expressed no affect by rapamycin. In conclusion, leucine may up-regulate the activation of mTORC1 to promote proliferation and differentiation of primary preterm rat satellite cells. We have shown that leucine promoted the differentiation of myotubes in part through the mTORC1-MyoD signal pathway.
Seatbelts in CAR therapy: How Safe Are CARS?
Authors: Minagawa Kentaro , Zhou Xiaoou , Mineishi Shin , Di Stasi Antonio
Published: May 2015

T-cells genetically redirected with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to recognize tumor antigens and kill tumor cells have been infused in several phase 1 clinical trials with success. Due to safety concerns related to on-target/off-tumor effects or cytokine release syndrome, however, strategies to prevent or abate serious adverse events are required. Pharmacologic therapies; suicide genes; or novel strategies to limit the cytotoxic effect only to malignant cells are under active investigations. In this review, we summarize results and toxicities of investigations employing CAR redirected T-cells, with a focus on published strategies to grant safety of this promising cellular application.
Geostationary Satellite Observation of Precipitable Water Vapor Using an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) based Reconstruction Technique over Eastern China
Authors: Wong Man , Jin Xiaomeng , Liu Zhizhao , Nichol Janet , Ye Shirong , Jiang Peng , Chan Pak
Published: May 2015

Water vapor, as one of the most important greenhouse gases, is crucial for both climate and atmospheric studies. Considering the high spatial and temporal variations of water vapor, a timely and accurate retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) is urgently needed, but has long been constrained by data availability. Our study derived the vertically integrated precipitable water vapor over eastern China using Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) data, which is in geostationary orbit with high temporal resolution. The missing pixels caused by cloud contamination were reconstructed using an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) decomposition method over both spatial and temporal dimensions. GPS meteorology data were used to validate the retrieval and the reconstructed results. The diurnal variation of PWV over eastern China was analyzed using harmonic analysis, which indicates that the reconstructed PWV data can depict the diurnal cycle of PWV caused by evapotranspiration and local thermal circulation.
Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change: Producing Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Bush Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Improved Food Security and Resilience in a Canadian Subarctic First Nations Community
Authors: Barbeau Christine , Oelbermann Maren , Karagatzides Jim , Tsuji Leonard
Published: May 2015

Aboriginal people in Canada experience disproportionately high rates of diet-related illnesses, such as obesity and diabetes. Food insecurity has been identified as a contributing factor to these illnesses along with a loss of traditional lifestyle. Current food systems within northern subarctic and arctic regions of Canada rely heavily on imported foods that are expensive (when available), and are environmentally unsustainable. A warming subarctic and arctic climate present challenges, but also offers the opportunity for local agricultural production that can increase food security and promote a more sustainable food system. In this study the feasibility of sustainably growing potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) utilizing agroforestry practices to enhance food security in remote subarctic communities is explored through a case study in Fort Albany First Nation in northern Ontario, Canada. Potato crops were grown over a two-year period and rotated into plots that had been planted with green bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Results showed that potatoes and bush beans could be grown successfully in the subarctic without the use of greenhouses with yields comparable to more conventional high-input agricultural methods. In subarctic Canada, sustainable local food production can help to promote social capital, healthier lifestyles, and food security.
Scaling-up Strategy as an Appropriate Approach for Sustainable New Town Development? Lessons from Wujin, Changzhou, China
Authors: Chen Hao , Wu Qiyan , Cheng Jianquan , Ma Zhifei , Song Weixuan
Published: May 2015

China has achieved rapid urbanization and unprecedented economic booming over the past three decades. Numerous cities and towns dreamed of cloning the miracles of Shenzhen and Pudong, Shanghai, in terms of their international development. However, inappropriate development strategies have meant that the majority of fast expanding urban suburbs or newly developed towns suffer a high ratio of vacant dwellings in real estate markets and a massive loss of farmland. The frequent exposure of these empty cities to mass media or the public has urged urban governments to impose fiscal austerity. These unexpected and negative consequences of urban development have explicit conflicts with sustainability. This paper aims to provide a political economy view of these unsustainable outcomes of new development. To achieve this, the processes and agendas of new city or town planning in Wujin District, Changzhou City, are analyzed and evaluated from the perspective of scale theory. Extensive interviews conducted with local politicians at different levels, planners, real estate agents and local residents facilitate the interpretation of these processes and agendas. It is argued that the legends of Shenzhen and Pudong, Shanghai originate from a modified neoliberal capitalism intervention at the right time and place, with which other peer cities are not comparable. It is concluded that the scaling-up strategy is not appropriate for the local new town development of Wujin, which has led to unsustainable outcomes—empty cities and towns—and created important lessons for the sustainable development of Chinese cities.
An Alternative Model to Determine the Financing Structure of PPP-Based Young Graduate Apartments in China: A Case Study of Hangzhou
Authors: Xu Yelin , Peng Yi , Qian Queena , Chan Albert
Published: May 2015

Public-private partnerships (PPP) can be employed to provide public rental housing for young graduates, which has been urgent to achieve social sustainability in China. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the financing structure of PPPs, particularly the ratio of private investment, which is important in initiating a PPP project. This study develops a robust model to determine the financing structure through considering the uncertainties in operation. A case study in Hangzhou demonstrates the process of the model. The relevant findings provide private investors and the local government with effective references for negotiating the financing structure of a PPP project.