bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Friends with Benefits
Authors: Lindsay Beth Daniel , Datig Ilka
Published: June 2015

Students are a primary part of any academic library's community of users. However, students' voices are often left out of the conversation when libraries develop policies, services, and resources. One option for libraries which would like to consider students' opinions and needs more closely is the formation of a Student Advisory Group (SAG), a group of students who meet with library staff on a regular basis to discuss and provide advice on library policies, resources and strategies. Academic libraries can use SAGs for assistance with communication, collection development, focus group testing, and more. This article explores the logistics of creating, maintaining and assessing a SAG, along with concrete examples from the SAG at New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD). Student Advisory Groups have the potential to enrich any academic library's outreach and community-building efforts, and should be considered as an option by any library looking to become more student-centered.
You Can “Like” It on Paper Too
Authors: Muszkiewicz Rachael
Published: June 2015

In response to literature on libraries as space and the Millennial generation, this chapter speaks to the importance of the academic library as both social and communal space and how to communicate with today's college students. These case studies illustrate that students can be reached through analog displays, building an unconscious community between students as a group and students with the library. Community built within the academic library is discussed in light of these analog displays, the current library literature and via sociological positions. It is concluded that although it is thought that students want digital or online communication only, the highest amount of interaction with displays come from the traditional, analog elements.
Friendly, Flexible, and Fun
Authors: Oehlers Joy , Thomas Annie Keola Kaukahi , Tokuda Joyce
Published: June 2015

This chapter outlines practical examples of library programs developed as a result of Kapi?olani Community College Library's collaborative efforts with campus organizations, clubs, faculty, and students to build community. The library worked with faculty and students to create stronger outcomes for all parties, including student engagement and specific student learning outcomes. The Kapi?olani Community College librarians share their process for implementing interactive programs, detail successes, assessment methods, and areas for improvement. This chapter also provides practical tips on applying for grants, connecting with faculty, marketing, and looking for ideas in your own community. The aim of these library activities is to promote the Library as a desirable collaborative “third place” where students engage in useful and user-friendly learning activities.
A Renovation Is a Terrible Thing to Waste
Authors: Costello Laura , Chae Hui Soo , Natriello Gary
Published: June 2015

This chapter describes the community engagement plan carried out by the Gottesman Libraries at Teachers College, Columbia University to develop a design for “the learning theater,” a flexible space aimed at the educators and students of the future. In order to design a learning space with the potential to inspire innovative use and cutting edge research, library staff conducted outreach and events to involve faculty, students, staff, and other stakeholders in generating use cases and ideas. These activities included immersive full day design events, shorter format design events, lectures, targeted collection development, and multimedia creation.
Making Connections, Building Community
Authors: Henrich Kristin J.
Published: June 2015

In 2009, the University of Idaho embarked on an ambitious five year plan to redesign library space and build community through increased programming, intentional partnerships, and student engagement in the design process. Guided by quantitative and qualitative research in the form of LibQual, observational studies, and student surveys, librarians implemented incremental space redesign to create collaborative, inclusive, and community-based environment for social and scholarly pursuits. Librarians found that student-led initiatives were the most successful in building a community of library allies, aligning with the philosophy of the Communicative Commons, but also valued the related opportunities to partner with teaching faculty, student service organizations, and external campus partners. This chapter will seek to provide a balance of theoretical goals with practical steps for implementation, supplemented with examples gleaned from librarians' experiences in community building at the University of Idaho.
Interactive Genetic Algorithms for Optimal Assignment of Blocks into Workspaces of Shipbuilding Industry
Authors: Shiming Qin , Dehuri Satchidananda , Wang Gi-Nam
Published: June 2015

In this paper one of the fundamental problems of Shipbuilding Industry known as block assignment problem is modeled and solved. The irregular shape of blocks and the inherent intractability of this problem is the primary motivation to use the interactive genetic algorithms with a specialized chromosome level “repair” operator. Without loss of generality, some domain knowledge has been incorporated during the process of exploration and exploitation of an optimal assignment. Therefore the best attributes of objective and subjective evaluation at system level has been realized. The experimental study confirms that the incorporation of the domain knowledge and a new repair operator in interactive genetic algorithms for assigning blocks in workspaces leads to faster convergence and at the same time it reduces the local optimality.
Covert Visual Search
Authors: Engelke Ulrich , Duenser Andreas , Zeater Anthony
Published: June 2015

Selective attention is an important cognitive resource to account for when designing effective human-machine interaction and cognitive computing systems. Much of our knowledge about attention processing stems from search tasks that are usually framed around Treisman's feature integration theory and Wolfe's Guided Search. However, search performance in these tasks has mainly been investigated using an overt attention paradigm. Covert attention on the other hand has hardly been investigated in this context. To gain a more thorough understanding of human attentional processing and especially covert search performance, the authors have experimentally investigated the relationship between overt and covert visual search for targets under a variety of target/distractor combinations. The overt search results presented in this work agree well with the Guided Search studies by Wolfe et al. The authors show that the response times are considerably more influenced by the target/distractor combination than by the attentional search paradigm deployed. While response times are similar between the overt and covert search conditions, they found that error rates are considerably higher in covert search. They further show that response times between participants are stronger correlated as the search task complexity increases. The authors discuss their findings and put them into the context of earlier research on visual search.
Big Data Analytics on the Characteristic Equilibrium of Collective Opinions in Social Networks
Authors: Wang Yingxu , Wiebe Victor J.
Published: June 2015

Big data are products of human collective intelligence that are exponentially increasing in all facets of quantity, complexity, semantics, distribution, and processing costs in computer science, cognitive informatics, web-based computing, cloud computing, and computational intelligence. This paper presents fundamental big data analysis and mining technologies in the domain of social networks as a typical paradigm of big data engineering. A key principle of computational sociology known as the characteristic opinion equilibrium is revealed in social networks and electoral systems. A set of numerical and fuzzy models for collective opinion analyses is formally presented. Fuzzy data mining methodologies are rigorously described for collective opinion elicitation and benchmarking in order to enhance the conventional counting and statistical methodologies for big data analytics.
A Chaotic Complexity Measure for Cognitive Machine Classification of Cyber-Attacks on Computer Networks
Authors: Khan Muhammad Salman , Ferens Ken , Kinsner Witold
Published: June 2015

Today's evolving cyber security threats demand new, modern, and cognitive computing approaches to network security systems. In the early years of the Internet, a simple packet inspection firewall was adequate to stop the then-contemporary attacks, such as Denial of Service (DoS), ports scans, and phishing. Since then, DoS has evolved to include Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, especially against the Domain Name Service (DNS). DNS based DDoS amplification attacks cannot be stopped easily by traditional signature based detection mechanisms because the attack packets contain authentic data, and signature based detection systems look for specific attack-byte patterns. This paper proposes a chaos based complexity measure and a cognitive machine classification algorithm to detect DNS DDoS amplification attacks. In particular, this paper computes the Lyapunov exponent to measure the complexity of a flow of packets, and classifies the traffic as either normal or anomalous, based on the magnitude of the computed exponent. Preliminary results show the proposed chaotic measure achieved a detection (classification) accuracy of about 98%, which is greater than that of an Artificial Neural Network. Also, contrary to available supervised machine learning mechanisms, this technique does not require any offline training. This approach is capable of not only detecting offline threats, but has the potential of being applied over live traffic flows using DNS filters.
A Formal Model for Metacognitive Reasoning in Intelligent Systems
Authors: Caro Manuel F. , Josyula Darsana P. , Jiménez Jovani A.
Published: June 2015

This paper presents a formal model of metacognitive reasoning in intelligent systems (IS). The proposed model was named fM2 and uses predicate logic to represent a cycle of reasoning about failures generated in reasoning tasks in an IS. fM2 has mechanisms such as introspective monitoring and meta-level control to perform metacognitive reasoning. fM2 was implemented and validated on an intelligent tutoring system named FUNPRO. The performance metrics of FUNPRO indicate the capacity of fM2 to drastically decrease the reasoning failures produced in the recommendations of FUNPRO. Thus, this paper demonstrates the efficacy of fM2 as a valid tool to improve the performance of the reasoning processes of IS.
The Use of Virtual Environments for Knowledge Sharing in Distance Learning Education, with a View to Informing Industry
Authors: Gustafson-Pearce Olinkha , Grant Susan B.
Published: June 2015

As social media and virtual world technology become increasingly commonplace, this paper considers how educators and industry can leverage the tools and systems of these mediums, to enable engagement and knowledge transfer between parties, with a view to informing industry from the lessons learnt. Virtual Worlds have become an extremely powerful phenomenon with millions of users. Businesses are only now beginning to acknowledge the benefits of using virtual worlds to enhance employee and supplier collaboration and to support new ideas and innovation through knowledge sharing across functions and organizational boundaries. Many businesses are still trying to understand the various implications of integrating internal communication systems with social media tools and private collaboration and networking platforms. The KNOWNET project (an EC funded Marie Curie IAPP) seeks to assess the value of virtual worlds and social networking for knowledge exchange across supply chains.
A Consumer-Centric Open Innovation Framework for Food and Packaging Manufacturing
Authors: Tsimiklis Panagiotis , Ceschin Fabrizio , Green Stephen , Qin Sheng Feng , Song Jim , Baurley Sharon , Rodden Tom , Makatsoris Charalampos
Published: June 2015

Closed innovation approaches have been employed for many years in the food industry. But, this sector recently perceives its end-user to be wary of radically new products and changes in consumption patterns. However, new product development involves not only the product itself but also the entire manufacturing and distribution network. In this paper, we present a new ICT based framework that embraces open innovation to place customers in the product development loop but at the same time assesses and eventually coordinates the entire manufacturing and supply chain. The aim is to design new food products that consumers will buy and at the same time ensure that these products will reach the consumer in time and at adequate quantity. On the product development side, our framework enables new food products that offer an integrated sensory experience of food and packaging, which encompass customization, healthy eating, and sustainability.
Recurrent Thymoma in the Retroperitoneal Space: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Yang Jun , Li Qin-qing , Ding Ying-ying , Liao Cheng-de
Published: June 2015

Thymoma is an epithelial neoplasm of the thymus, which commonly lies in the anterior mediastinum and recurrences of thymoma generally are locally, and retroperitoneal recurrence is considered to be rare. A 46-year old Asian woman with invasive thymoma had undergone thymectomy 10 years ago. Computed tomography demonstrated a wellcircumscribed mass in the left retroperitoneal space. The patient had not any symptom including myasthenia gravis. Because on the anterior mediastinum area shows no sign of tumor recurrence and the mass adjacent to the vertebral body, neurogenic tumor was suspected. Surgical resection was performed using a retroperitoneal approach, which revealed the tumor adhering neighboring diaphragm. The tumor was histologically diagnosed to be type B1 thymoma according to the World Health Organization classification. The retroperitoneal mass was an unusual local recurrence after thymectomy. The patients whose had under invasive thymectomy should be evaluated carefully when finding retroperitoneal mass during follow-up.
UNA NUOVA TYPHLOREICHEIA ENDOGEA DELLA SICILIA (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE)
Authors: Magrini Paolo
Published: June 2015

Viene descritta Typhloreicheia messanae n. sp. del Monte Genuardo (Palermo), che si distingue dalle altre Typhloreicheia siciliane note per i seguenti caratteri: piccole dimensioni, setole discali elitrali presenti in tutte le interstrie (dalla seconda alla settima), presenza nell’apice dell’edeago di una lamella copulatrice formata da cinque robuste spine, alcune bifide.
A NEW SPECIES OF ANTHAXIA FROM SOUTH-WESTERN IRAN (COLEOPTERA, BUPRESTIDAE)
Authors: Baiocchi Daniele
Published: June 2015

Anthaxia (Anthaxia) patsyae n. sp. from south-western Iran is herein described and illustrated. It is compared with its most similar species, Anthaxia (Anthaxia) mi­das Kiesenwetter, 1857. The unmistakable pattern of its pronotal sculpture, together with other morphological features, suggest to include this new species in the Anthaxia (Anthaxia) salicis (Fabricius, 1776) “species-group”.
PTERELLA GRISEA (MEIGEN, 1824), A SENIOR SYNONYM OF SETULIA ELEONORAE VENTURI, 1957 (DIPTERA, SARCOPHAGIDAE)
Authors: Whitmore Daniel
Published: June 2015

A lectotype is designated for Pterella eleonorae (Venturi, 1957), which is recognized as a junior synonym of Pterella grisea (Meigen, 1824), syn. nov. The Italian distribution of P. grisea is updated.
IN RICORDO DI PHILIP S. CORBET (21 MAGGIO 1929 - 13 FEBBRAIO 2008)
Authors: Utzeri Carlo
Published: June 2015

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A new cave-dwelling Centromerus from Sardinia (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Authors: Bosmans Robert , Gasparo Fulvio
Published: June 2015

Centromerus marciai sp. n. is described on both sexes on specimens collected in a karstic cave in the province of Nuoro, North-eastern Sardinia, Italy. Differences with other species of the genus Centromerus Dahl, 1886 occurring in Sardinia are pointed out.
A call to establish a child-centred disaster management framework in Zimbabwe
Authors: Sillah Ramphal M.
Published: June 2015

Disasters have increased in intensity and frequency in recent times. However, disasters do not affect all groups in a society in a similar manner. This article, based mainly on qualitative desk research and document analysis, aims to illuminate the specific vulnerability of children to hazards and disasters. The research showed that owing to their special physiological, psychological, emotional and economic stature, children are an inherently vulnerable group. The paper advocates for existing disaster management structures and systems in Zimbabwe to elevate reduction of disaster risk amongst children within the scope of child protection, which aims to create a protective environment that shelters children from any form of harm or abuse. The paper proffers recommendations on how to design disaster management programmes in Zimbabwe with the needs of children in mind.
The Quest For Q
Authors: Catchpole David R.
Published: June 2015

This book seeks to rehabilitate the Q hypothesis as the most satisfactory explanation of the so-called double tradition.
Monetary Stability and Stock Returns: A Bivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Modelling Study
Authors: Zeng Ning
Published: June 2015

This paper employs a constant conditional correlation bivariate EGARCH-in-mean model to investigate interactions among the rate of inflation, stock returns and their respective volatilities. This approach is capable of accommodating all the possible causalities among the four variables simultaneously, and therefore could deliver contemporary evidence of the nexus between monetary stability and stock market. The postwar dataset of the US inflation and stock returns is divided into pre- and post- Volcker period and the estimation results show some significant changes of inflation-stock return relation, as well as indirect links between two volatilities. The core findings in this study suggest that promoting monetary stability contributes to more mutual interactions among the four variables, in particular, common stock is a more effective hedge against inflation, and the level of inflation rate is central to explaining the relation between the two volatilities.
Consumer Perception of Government Regulations in the Marketing of Consumer Products in Nigeria
Authors: Egwu oko Augustine , Anyanwu C. Elisha
Published: June 2015

The Nigeria society is littered with consumer product regulatory policies and agencies, however the degree of relevance and efficiency of these agencies is a-judged low compared to expectations. This situation is traced to the poor level of cooperation that exists between these agencies and target beneficiaries of the policies. This work thus studied consumer product marketing environment with selected regulatory agencies, producers of consumer products and consumers as targets and sources of data of the purpose of ascertaining the perception of consumers of government regulations. Data were analyzed based on Likert ranking scale built on the use of the nominal, ordinal and interval scales as well as the Spearman’s rank correlation co-efficiency and analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics. Identified as problems are paucity in the presentation of the stimuli of regulatory messages, poor choice of media, inability to optimize the attributes (characteristics) of target markets in message building, poor management of regulatory agencies personnel among others. Given these, the paper recommends efficiency in media choice and management, consumer market research for the optimization of the attributes of the target market in message planning and development, the creation of balance in message building based on the urban-rural imbalance of target market structure, efficiency in regulatory agencies’ personnel management and socialization effort in agencies’ personnel among others. 
Elucidation of Analgesic Effects of Butorphanol Compared with Morphine: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Singh Rakesh Ranjan , Kiran Ashmita , Sinha Anant Narayan
Published: June 2015

Pain is a complex subjective experience comprising of both physical and emotional components. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of damage.”Opioids are essentially important constituent of balanced anaesthesia. They provide adequate analgesia, reduces requirement of inhaled anaesthetic agents, maintain cardiovascular stability and provide adequate post-operative analgesia. Morphine remains the most widely used analgesic and the gold standard against which all new opioids are compared. Butorphanol has been employed successfully for the relief of postoperative pain, labor pain, preanaesthetic medication and in balanced anaesthesia. We studied the analgesic property and the side effects of butorphanol and compared them with equipotent dose of morphine. This study revealed that butorphanol had more or less similar effects on haemodynamic parameters as compared to morphine. But butorphanol showed fewer side effects than morphine. This study suggested that patient compliance was on butorphanol.
Urothorax Associated with Uroperitoneum in a Dog Without Diaphragmatic Disruption
Authors: Tsompanidou Paraskevi P. , Anagnostou Tilemahos L. , Kazakos George M. , Papazoglou Lysimachos G. , Flouraki Eugenia S. , Patsikas Michail N.
Published: June 2015

Accumulation of urine in the pleural space secondary to uroperitoneum with no disruption of the diaphragm appears to be a rare pathological condition. A 2 yr old male mixed-breed dog was referred with dyspnea and abdominal pain after a road traffic accident. Plain radiographs demonstrated pleural effusion and reduced serosal detail in the abdominal cavity that was compatible with fluid accumulation. Retrograde urethrography revealed a pelvic urethra rupture. Biochemical analysis of the pleural and abdominal fluid confirmed the diagnosis of urothorax and uroperitoneum. The dog underwent a prepubic urethrostomy and intensive care management. The dog was reported to be in good health after a follow up time of 10 mo. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of urothorax associated with uroperitoneum with no detectable defects of the diaphragm in a dog.
Congenital Extrahepatic Abdominal Arteriovenous Fistula and Apparent Patent Ductus Venosus in a Dog
Authors: White Robert N. , Murphy Kate , Renfrew Helen , Shales Chris
Published: June 2015

A 3 mo old male German shepherd dog presented with a 2 wk history of diarrhea with possible melena followed by inappetence and progressive abdominal distension. Clinical findings, serum biochemical analysis, and abdominal ultrasound were highly suggestive of an extrahepatic abdominal arteriovenous fistula and concurrent patent ductus venosus, which were confirmed during an abdominal exploratory surgery. Renal biopsies taken at the time of surgery confirmed a chronic glomerulopathy. The dog made a good initial recovery from the procedure but was euthanatized 6 wk postoperatively for medically unresponsive renal disease.
Bilateral Ovotestes in a 78, XX SRY-Negative Beagle Dog
Authors: Pérez-Gutiérrez José F. , Monteagudo Luís V. , Rodríguez-Bertos Antonio , García-Pérez Enrique , Sánchez-Calabuig María J. , García-Botey Concepción , Whyte Ana , de la Muela Mercedes Sánchez
Published: June 2015

This report describes a disorder of the sexual development in a beagle dog resulting in an intersex condition. A 6 mo old beagle was presented for evaluation of a protruding structure from the vulva consistent with an enlarged clitoris. Ultrasonographic examination revealed the presence of both gonadal and uterine structures. Retrograde cystourethrovaginogram showed the presence of an os clitoris and severe vaginal stenosis. Histological studies revealed the presence of bilateral ovotestes and uterus. The gonad had interstitial cells within seminiferous-like tubules lined only with Sertoli cells and abundant interstitial cells among primordial, primary, and secondary follicles. Hormone assays completed before and after gonadohysterectomy showed an elevation in the levels of progesterone and dihydrotestosterone that returned to baseline 3 mo after surgery. Testosterone levels that were within the male reference ranges before surgery decreased to basal levels postsurgically. 17-β-Estradiol levels showed little variation and values were always within the reference ranges for a male. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal female karyotype (2n = 78, XX) and polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the absence of the sex-determining region Y gene. In summary, the dog presented bilateral ovotestes and a 2n = 78, XX chromosomal complement lacking the sex determining region Y gene, consistent with a diagnosis of true hermaphroditism.
Innovations in Organic Food Systems for Sustainable Production and Ecosystem Services: An Introduction to the Special Issue of Sustainable Agriculture Research
Authors: Mallory Ellen B. , Halberg Niels , Andreasen Lise , Delate Kathleen , Ngouajio Mathieu
Published: June 2015

Organic agriculture is one of the best developed multifunctional production strategies in agriculture, and yet is not widely understood in terms of its full potential for contributing to food security, economic development, and environmental health. This special edition of the journal Sustainable Agriculture Research explores the knowledge, innovations, potentials, and research needs that will strengthen the links between organic food systems, sustainable production, and enhanced ecosystem services. The following articles are from an international conference titled “Innovations in Organic Food Systems for Sustainable Production and Ecosystem Services,” held on 1-2 November 2014 in Long Beach, California. The conference was co-sponsored by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Co-operative Research Programme on Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, the International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems (ICROFS), the United Stated Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA), and the American Society of Agronomy (ASA).
Recorrido por el patrimonio geológico y minero del Bajo Aragón, desde Aguaviva a la Ginebrosa, la Cañada de Verich a Belmonte de San José, Alcañíz y a Puigmoreno
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Pocoví Juan Andrés , Vilaltella Jaume
Published: June 2015

En esta ocasión se realizará un itinerario localizado en un área totalmente situada en la comarca del Bajo Aragón, desde principio a fin, entre las localidades de Aguaviva, la Ginebrosa, la Cañada de Verichs, la Codoñera, Torrecilla de Alcañiz y Alcañíz, finalizando dentro del término de este municipio en Puigmoreno. Por otra parte, el recorrido se centrará en un principio en el Sistema Ibérico (entre Aguaviva y Belmonte de San José), para entrar después en la Depresión Geológica del Ebro, que ya no se abandonará hasta el fin del recorrido, cuando se volverá a entrar en el Sistema Ibérico de nuevo, en Puigmoreno. En el primer tramo se irán encontrando diferentes afloramientos de los materiales mesozoicos y de los materiales cenozoicos. En el primer caso, nos encontraremos fundamentalmente con afloramientos de los materiales del Jurásico y sobretodo del Cretácico, fundamentalmente del Albiense. Precisamente, algunas de las diferentes paradas del recorrido las efectuaremos en los afloramientos de la Formación Utrillas y otros en los de la Formación Escucha.  Por lo que concierne a los afloramientos de los materiales cenozoicos, cabe señalar que en su mayoría pertenecen al Oligoceno, el cual recubre parte de las formaciones mesozoicas mencionadas anteriormente.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca del solsonès (amb inici a la de l´Alt Urgell): des del Coll del Port al Port del Comte, a Colldejou i al mirador de Vilamala
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: June 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 13 de juliol de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà, en la seva quasi totalitat pel Sistema Pirinenc. I ho farà per dues de les seves sotsunitats.. Així, es circularà per diferents de les seves sots unitats: pel Mantell del Pedraforca Inferior i pel Mantell del Cadí. Tanmateix, els darrers trams del recorregut, els farà per la Depressió Geològica de L´Ebre, per la Zona de l´Avant País Plegat. Així, el recorregut s´iniciarà dintre dels afloraments mesozoics (del Juràssic i del Cretàcic)  que formen part del Mantell del Pedraforca Inferior els quals es troben en contacte amb els sediments cenozoics del Mantell del Cadí, al Coll del Port. Finalitzarà entre depòsits de sediments postorogènics al Mirador de Vilamala. Per altra banda, tot i que el recorregut de l´itinerari transitarà per la comarca del Solsonès  (entre el Coll del Port i Vilamala). Tot i això, s´haurà inicial al límit amb la comarca de l´Alt Urgell
Politiques indigénistes au Brésil, au Canada et en Australie
Authors: Baines Stephen Grant , Fiuza Alice
Published: June 2015

Cet article examine certains des défis rencontrés par l’ethnologie autochtone au Brésil, au Canada et en Australie au cours des dernières décennies, en mettant l’accent sur les situations où se produit le contact interethnique entre peuples autochtones et États nationaux et dans lesquelles l’anthropologue intervient au moyen de recherches politiquement engagées. La représentation des peuples autochtones dans les trois pays s’est renforcée depuis la consolidation des mouvements politiques autochtones à partir des années 1970, au moment où les grandes sociétés minières, forestières, d’élevages, agro-industrielles et hydroélectriques convoitaient les ressources naturelles sur les territoires autochtones. L’anthropologue travaille dans des contextes fortement politisés en collaboration avec des agents sociaux des communautés autochtones et de la société nationale, tant du gouvernement que des entreprises actives sur les territoires autochtones. Un des rôles joués par l’anthropologue consiste à interpréter les situations complexes d’interventions gouvernementales et de l’indigénisme entrepreneurial en analysant et en contextualisant les différentes opinions des intervenants sociaux qui y prennent part.
Comparaison entre la herranza, la « fête de l’eau » et la zafa-casa dans les Andes
Authors: Rivera Andía Juan Javier , Deschamps Geneviève
Published: June 2015

Le but de cet article est de comparer le rituel andin qui entoure le marquage du bétail (herranza) avec d’autres rites essentiels du cycle annuel de la région. L’auteur compare tout d’abord laherranzaavec les rituels liés au nettoyage des canaux d’irrigation, puis il la confronte avec les cérémonies relatives au recouvrement des chaumières. La première comparaison est géographiquement limitée à une seule région – celle de la sierra de Lima –, tandis que la seconde considère les ethnographies d’autres régions de langue quechua afin de pallier le manque de données existantes sur le sujet. Lorsqu’elle est intégrée de cette façon au cycle rituel annuel, laherranzase révèle être une forme de rite de passage dont les multiples dimensions symboliques sont ici explorées.
Les sacs hurons-wendats avant 1850 : une coupe unique
Authors: Stolle Nikolaus , Bouchard Olivia-Anne
Published: June 2015

Chez les Amérindiens, les sacs étaient faits pour conserver des objets personnels destinés à des usages quotidiens ou rituels, et ce dans toute l’Amérique du Nord orientale. D’anciennes mentions du xviie siècle parlent de récipients tissés en fibres végétales et de sacs faits d’une peau entière de mammifère. Les plus anciens sacs préservés et documentés, faits de cuir façonné, que l’on trouve dans des collections euro-américaines privées ou publiques, datent de la seconde moitié du xviiie siècle. Malheureusement, ces exemplaires n’ont pas été très bien étudiés. Au mieux, les sacs ont été décrits dans des catalogues et attribués sans documentation satisfaisante – si ce n’est de brèves mentions concernant des périodes plus récentes. On comprend encore mal l’historique du processus de collecte, les types de fabrication et les fonctions matérielles et, ce qui est le plus important, l’identification des variantes régionales et tribales, les styles artistiques des artisanes, ainsi que les changements observés dans le temps. La présente recherche répond à certaines de ces questions, notamment à propos d’un ensemble de sacs de cuir façonné, très proches quant à leur style, qui datent d’avant 1850 et sont attribués aux Hurons-Wendats.
Un village « galibi » en Guyane française : le cas du site archéologique d’Eva 2
Authors: van den Bel Martijn , Romon Thomas , Vallet Christian , Delpech Sandrine
Published: June 2015

Le site d’Eva 2 a livré les vestiges d’un village amérindien de l’époque historique en Guyane française. Le mobilier collecté nous confronte avec une chronologie longue qui s’étale entre 1650 et 1900 de notre ère. En comparant la céramique découverte lors de la fouille et celle des collections de poterie amérindiennes duxixesiècle conservées dans différents musées européens, on observe une ambiguïté chronologique. Ce décalage conduit à l’hypothèse d’une transformation de la céramique produite par les Amérindiens de la bande littorale, nommés Galibis par les premiers colons, au cours de l’époque coloniale et durant le développement d’une production répondant à la demande des colons, notamment tout au long duxixesiècle.
Prioritizing plant defence over growth through WRKY regulation facilitates infestation by non-target herbivores
Authors: Li Ran , Zhang Jin , Li Jiancai , Zhou Guoxin , Wang Qi , Bian Wenbo , Erb Matthias , Lou Yonggen
Published: June 2015

Plants generally respond to herbivore attack by increasing resistance and decreasing growth. This prioritization is achieved through the regulation of phytohormonal signaling networks. However, it remains unknown how this prioritization affects resistance against non-target herbivores. In this study, we identify WRKY70 as a specific herbivore-induced, mitogen-activated protein kinase-regulated rice transcription factor that physically interacts with W-box motifs and prioritizes defence over growth by positively regulating jasmonic acid (JA) and negatively regulating gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis upon attack by the chewing herbivore Chilo suppressalis. WRKY70-dependent JA biosynthesis is required for proteinase inhibitor activation and resistance against C. suppressalis. In contrast, WRKY70 induction increases plant susceptibility against the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Experiments with GA-deficient rice lines identify WRKY70-dependent GA signaling as the causal factor in N. lugens susceptibility. Our study shows that prioritizing defence over growth leads to a significant resistance trade-off with important implications for the evolution and agricultural exploitation of plant immunity.
Peromyscus mice as a model for studying natural variation
Authors: Bedford Nicole L , Hoekstra Hopi E
Published: June 2015

The deer mouse (genus Peromyscus) is the most abundant mammal in North America, and it occupies almost every type of terrestrial habitat. It is not surprising therefore that the natural history of Peromyscus is among the best studied of any small mammal. For decades, the deer mouse has contributed to our understanding of population genetics, disease ecology, longevity, endocrinology and behavior. Over a century's worth of detailed descriptive studies of Peromyscus in the wild, coupled with emerging genetic and genomic techniques, have now positioned these mice as model organisms for the study of natural variation and adaptation. Recent work, combining field observations and laboratory experiments, has lead to exciting advances in a number of fields—from evolution and genetics, to physiology and neurobiology.
The neuropeptide tachykinin is essential for pheromone detection in a gustatory neural circuit
Authors: Shankar Shruti , Chua Jia Yi , Tan Kah Junn , Calvert Meredith EK , Weng Ruifen , Ng Wan Chin , Mori Kenji , Yew Joanne Y
Published: June 2015

Gustatory pheromones play an essential role in shaping the behavior of many organisms. However, little is known about the processing of taste pheromones in higher order brain centers. Here, we describe a male-specific gustatory circuit in Drosophila that underlies the detection of the anti-aphrodisiac pheromone (3R,11Z,19Z)-3-acetoxy-11,19-octacosadien-1-ol (CH503). Using behavioral analysis, genetic manipulation, and live calcium imaging, we show that Gr68a-expressing neurons on the forelegs of male flies exhibit a sexually dimorphic physiological response to the pheromone and relay information to the central brain via peptidergic neurons. The release of tachykinin from 8 to 10 cells within the subesophageal zone is required for the pheromone-triggered courtship suppression. Taken together, this work describes a neuropeptide-modulated central brain circuit that underlies the programmed behavioral response to a gustatory sex pheromone. These results will allow further examination of the molecular basis by which innate behaviors are modulated by gustatory cues and physiological state.
Synaptic representation of locomotion in single cerebellar granule cells
Authors: Powell Kate , Mathy Alexandre , Duguid Ian , Häusser Michael
Published: June 2015

The cerebellum plays a crucial role in the regulation of locomotion, but how movement is represented at the synaptic level is not known. Here, we use in vivo patch-clamp recordings to show that locomotion can be directly read out from mossy fiber synaptic input and spike output in single granule cells. The increase in granule cell spiking during locomotion is enhanced by glutamate spillover currents recruited during movement. Surprisingly, the entire step sequence can be predicted from input EPSCs and output spikes of a single granule cell, suggesting that a robust gait code is present already at the cerebellar input layer and transmitted via the granule cell pathway to downstream Purkinje cells. Thus, synaptic input delivers remarkably rich information to single neurons during locomotion.
Poor Nutritional Status Before and During Chemotherapy Leads to Worse Prognosis in Unresectable Advanced or Recurrent Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ihara Keisuke , Yamaguchi Satoru , Shida Yosuke , Ogata Hideo , Domeki Yasushi , Okamoto Kentaro , Nakajima Masanobu , Sasaki Kinro , Tsuchioka Takashi , Kato Hiroyuki
Published: June 2015

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between host nutritional status prior to first-line chemotherapy and therapeutic effect, and, whether these nourishment indexes could become factors that predict long-term convalescence in metastastic or recurrent colorectal cancer. It has previously been reported that postoperative complications and long-term prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies may be affected by their nutritional status. But, there is little information regarding the relationship between prognosis, nutritional status, and immunocompetence in metastastic or recurrent colorectal cancer. Ninety patients who had measurable target lesions underwent resection for primary colorectal cancer in our institution, between April 2007 and March 2013. The indicators of host nutritional status were body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (OPNI), and Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS). The indicators of host immunocompetence were total lymphocyte counts, total neutrophil counts, and granulocytes/lymphocytes ratio (G/L ratio). The median overall survival (OS) was 32.5 months, and the median progression-free survival was 10.9 months. The relative change of target lesions was associated with BW, BMI, and OPNI. Furthermore, there was strong correlation between the change ratio of the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level before and after chemotherapy administration and BMI. BW, BMI, serum albumin level, OPNI, and GPS were significantly associated with overall survival (OS). Poor nutritional status and suppressive immunocompetence are associated with ineffective chemotherapy.
Preparation of Alkanesulfonyl Chlorides from
S
‐Alkyl Isothiourea Salts via
N
‐Chlorosuccinimide Mediated Oxidative Chlorosulfonation
Authors: Yang Zhanhui , Xu* Jiaxi
Published: June 2015

The article describes preparation of alkanesulfonyl chlorides via N‐chlorosuccinimide‐mediated oxidative chlorosulfonation of S‐alkyl isothiourea salts, of which the oxidative chlorosulfonation mediated by chlorine gas. Overcoming the pollutant thiol derivatives and hazardous and toxic chlorine gas are the main drawback.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic α‐Arylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Poulsen Pernille H. , Overgaard Mette , Jensen Kim L. , Jørgensen* Karl Anker
Published: June 2015

This article describes an organocatalytic, enantioselective α‐ arylation of aldehydes, in which quinones are applied as the aromatic partner, to afford optically active α‐arylated aldehydes. Following the addition/aromatization sequence, subsequent hemiacetal formation affords the 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran products. The direct α‐arylation consists of two catalytic cycles. The stereogenic center is formed in the first cycle ‐ the reaction of the enamine intermediate with the quinone. In the second cycle a series of proton‐transfer reactions leads to the optically active α‐arylated aldehyde.
Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted 1
H
‐Pyrazoles by Copper‐mediated Coupling of Enaminones with Nitriles
Authors: Suri Mamta , Glorius* Frank
Published: June 2015

This article describes the developing an efficient and modular synthesis of pyrazoles by copper‐mediated coupling of enaminones with nitriles with high regioselectivity and broad substrate scope. The convenient up‐scaling of the reaction to 20 mmol scale shows the practicality of this transformation and its applicability in organic synthesis.
Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Benzofurans by the Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of 2‐Iodoanisoles and Terminal Alkynes, Followed by Electrophilic Cyclization: 3‐Iodo‐2‐phenylbenzofuran
Authors: Yao Tuanli , Yue Dawei , Larock* Richard C.
Published: June 2015

The benzo[b]furan nucleus is prevalent in a wide variety of biologically active natural and unnatural compounds. The article describes the preparation of 3‐iodo‐2‐phenylbenzofuran which illustrates a general protocol for the palladium/copper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of various o‐iodoanisoles and terminal alkynes, followed by electrophilic cyclization with I2. This approach to 2,3‐disubstituted benzofurans is very versatile. The substituents attached to the triple bond can be vinylic groups or aromatic rings bearing certain types of functionality.
Enantioselective Preparation of (
S
)‐5‐Oxo‐5,6‐dihydro‐
2H
‐pyran‐2‐yl Benzoate
Authors: Benkovics* Tamas , Ortiz Adrian , Guo Zhiwei , Goswami Animesh , Deshpande Prashant
Published: June 2015

Derivatives of lactol contain a rich array of functionalities for elaboration in a diastereoselective fashion, and have been shown to be convenient starting materials for natural product synthesis. The methods described in this article illustrate a chromatography‐free synthesis of crystalline benzoate in high enantioselectivity using commercially available chemicals.
Biological and physical controls on N2, O2, and CO2 distributions in contrasting Southern Ocean surface waters
Authors: Tortell Philippe D. , Bittig Henry C. , Körtzinger Arne , Jones Elizabeth M. , Hoppema Mario
Published: June 2015

We present measurements of pCO2, O2 concentration, biological oxygen saturation (ΔO2/Ar), and N2 saturation (ΔN2) in Southern Ocean surface waters during austral summer, 2010–2011. Phytoplankton biomass varied strongly across distinct hydrographic zones, with high chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations in regions of frontal mixing and sea ice melt. pCO2 and ΔO2/Ar exhibited large spatial gradients (range 90 to 450 µatm and −10 to 60%, respectively) and covaried strongly with Chl a. However, the ratio of biological O2 accumulation to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) drawdown was significantly lower than expected from photosynthetic stoichiometry, reflecting the differential time scales of O2 and CO2 air‐sea equilibration. We measured significant oceanic CO2 uptake, with a mean air‐sea flux (~ −10 mmol m−2 d−1) that significantly exceeded regional climatological values. N2 was mostly supersaturated in surface waters (mean ΔN2 of +2.5%), while physical processes resulted in both supersaturation and undersaturation of mixed layer O2 (mean ΔO2phys = 2.1%). Box model calculations were able to reproduce much of the spatial variability of ΔN2 and ΔO2phys along the cruise track, demonstrating significant effects of air‐sea exchange processes (e.g., atmospheric pressure changes and bubble injection) and mixed layer entrainment on surface gas disequilibria. Net community production (NCP) derived from entrainment‐corrected surface ΔO2/Ar data, ranged from ~ −40 to > 300 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 and showed good coherence with independent NCP estimates based on seasonal mixed layer DIC deficits. Elevated NCP was observed in hydrographic frontal zones and stratified regions of sea ice melt, reflecting physical controls on surface water light fields and nutrient availability.
MAVEN IUVS observations of the aftermath of the Comet Siding Spring meteor shower on Mars
Authors: Schneider N. M. , Deighan J. I. , Stewart A. I. F. , McClintock W. E. , Jain S. K. , Chaffin M. S. , Stiepen A. , Crismani M. , Plane J. M. C. , Carrillo‐Sánchez J. D. , Evans J. S. , Stevens M. H. , Yelle R. V. , Clarke J. T. , Holsclaw G. M. , Montmessin F. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: June 2015

We report the detection of intense emission from magnesium and iron in Mars' atmosphere caused by a meteor shower following Comet Siding Spring's close encounter with Mars. The observations were made with the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph, a remote sensing instrument on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft orbiting Mars. Ionized magnesium caused the brightest emission from the planet's atmosphere for many hours, resulting from resonant scattering of solar ultraviolet light. Modeling suggests a substantial fluence of low‐density dust particles 1–100 µm in size, with the large amount and small size contrary to predictions. The event created a temporary planet‐wide ionospheric layer below Mars' main dayside ionosphere. The dramatic meteor shower response at Mars is starkly different from the case at Earth, where a steady state metal layer is always observable but perturbations caused by even the strongest meteor showers are challenging to detect.