bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“构式-语块”理论与国际 汉 语教学研究的新视角——以现 代汉语补语为例 = “Construction-Chunk” Theory and the New Angle of International Chinese Teaching and Research: A Case Analysis on Complements of Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Fang Zhou
Published: November 2017

在对外汉语教学和国际汉语教学50 多年的发展历程中，由于受到现代汉语传统语法研究的影响，语法教学（即句法规则的教学）与词汇教学一直相互脱节，真实语言中大量介于词和句子之间的语言单位受到忽略，而这些语言单位在对外汉语词汇教学和语法教学中都起着重要的作用，是各类教学法都不可忽视的一个环节。本文尝试以“构式-语块”理论为依据，从搭配的视角对现代汉语中的补语进行分析和阐释，以此探讨“构式-语块”理论对国际汉语教学和研究的意义In the past fifty years, under the influenceof traditional grammatical study of modernChinese, people working in the field of teachingChinese as a second language and InternationalChinese Teaching have been treating grammarteaching (i.e. teaching of sentence patterns)and vocabulary teaching as two independentparts. As a result, many language units betweenlexical words and sentences in real lifecommunication have been neglected althoughthese units play an important role in bothvocabulary teaching and sentence patternteaching in International Chinese Teaching anddeserve due attention within any teachingapproach. Based on the “Construction-Chunk”Theory, and guided by the concept of“collocation”, the article analyses complements of Mandarin Chinese in order to discuss thefunction of the “Construction-Chunk” Theory onInternational Chinese Teaching and research
全球化背景下藏族农村社区的 语言生活——青海省黄南藏族 自治州力加村语言使用及语言 态度研究 = The Language Life in a Tibetan Village Community with Globalization: Case Study on Language Use and Attitude in Lijia Village, Huangnan, Qinhai
Authors: Chunlin Yao
Published: November 2017

采用问卷调查、辅以访谈的方式，调查藏语安多方言区的一个农业社区（力加村）的语言生活、语言活力、语言使用和语言态度。结果显示，当地藏语文活力旺盛，藏语是当地各种场合的主要交际用语。被调查对象中近一半人是藏汉双语人，他们大多年龄较小或受过教育。被调查对象的语言文字态度具有较强的包容性，对藏汉语文都持积极态度。所有被调查对象都希望后代接受藏语教育，近一半被调查对象希望后代在接受藏语教育的同时接受汉语 和（或）英语教育。被调查对象对藏语具有很强的民族情感。他们承认藏语文在当地活力旺盛，但仍旧担心“政府制定的语言文字政策执行不到位”会影响当地的藏语文发展。In order to study language vitality, languageuse and language attitude in a Tibetanagriculture community (Lijia Village) in Amdodialect region, the research methodsQuestionnaire and Interview are used to collectdata. The research finds that the TibetanLanguage which is the main communicationlanguage in local area is full of vitalities. Allsubjects hope their children access Tibetaneducation. At the same time, half of thesubjects hope their children access Chinese or(and) English education and become bilingualism. The research also finds that half ofthe subjects are Chinese-Tibetan bilingualism,who are young and (or) educated; and most ofthe subjects hold the positive attitudes towardsboth Chinese and Tibetan
西班牙戏剧史和中国戏剧 史的开端特征异同比较 = A Comparative Study of Early Spanish and Chinese Theatre
Authors: Xiao Yang
Published: November 2017

本文分析早期西班牙戏剧，即从西班牙戏剧起源到天主教双王统治时期（出现了《塞莱斯蒂娜》这部代表作品)的戏剧特征，同时介绍中国戏剧的产生和发展过程。通过平行对比早期西班牙戏剧和中国戏剧，发现两国戏剧史在开端和初步发展阶段展示出的异同。这一对比研究有助于更广泛地理解西班牙和中国在戏剧历史和文学主题上的主要特征。The paper investigates early stage ofSpanish theatre, from its origins to the period ofthe Catholic Monarchs, where La Celestinaappears is analyzed. Meanwhile the initiationand evolution of Chinese theatre are presented.Through parallel analysis of the early Spanishtheatre and the early Chinese theatre, thearticle aims to find the similarities anddifferences between both sides. Thecomparison will help to gain a broaderunderstanding of the historical and thematicfeatures of the Spanish and Chinese dramas
Anti-ulcer effect of rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn, by the method of pyloric ligation
Authors: Savaringal Jayan Pariyani , B. Sanalkumar K.
Published: November 2017

Background: Substantial part of the world population has been known for a long time to suffer from peptic ulcer disease. In the present study, Curcuma longa, a plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family was chosen for investigating its anti-ulcer properties.Methods: The rhizomes of Curcuma longa were collected locally. The extract was prepared by soxhlet extraction with 50% ethanol. Albino rats of Wistar strain (120-200 grams) obtained from the animal house of medical college Thiruvananthapuram were used. Ranitidine was collected from Kerala Sate Drugs and Pharmaceutical LTD Alapuzha. Antiulcer study in rats were done using the method of pyloric ligation.Results: Antiulcer study in rats using the method of pyloric ligation, extract of Curcuma longa in 1000mg/Kg dose levels exhibited significant protection against shay ulceration. The results were comparable to that of standard drug Ranitidine.Conclusions: The present study with extract of Curcuma longa revealed that it has significant anti-ulcer activity.
Role of preoperative CA-125 levels in predicting the DFS and OS in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Karpurmathrmath Shashidhar V. , Vivek Velukuru Sai , Nandennavar Manjunath I. , Angadi Veerandra , Sekar Annalakshmi
Published: November 2017

Background: Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among all the other gynaecologic malignancies. Stage I cancer treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy report a 5-year overall survival of 95% while this value significantly drops to 25% in stage IIIC and IV patients. Unfortunately, effective screening methods to detect the early cancer are yet to be identified.Methods: All the patients diagnosed to have epithelial ovarian carcinoma from January 2012 to December 2014 at our center with pre-treatment CA-125 levels were included in this retrospective study. Disease free survival and overall survival were tabulated either by telephonic conversation or on a regular follow up visit to the hospital.Results: Among the 69 patients enrolled 38% of the patients were in the age group of 50-60 years. 58% of patients had stage 3 disease up front. mean CA-125 levels were lowest in patients with stage I disease and the highest in stage IV disease with a statistically significant rise in CA-125 levels with the stage of disease. Only 52% of the patients completed the treatment as per protocol. There was a significant negative co relation between the CA-125 levels and survival rates in both the sub groups of patients who received complete and incomplete treatment respectively.Conclusions: In the present study we would like to conclude that pre-operative CA-125, which has already been included in the screening algorithms like ROCA, has a greater potential to become a prognostic marker. Present study is limited by the small number of patient’s and thus larger multi centric studies with better randomization could establish the role of CA-125 as a prognostication marker.
Prediction of stroke risk in patients with transient ischemic attack: ABCD score and its derived scores
Authors: Xin-Tong Wu , Jin-Bo Chen , Wen-Xiang Xu , Wen-Xian Lu
Published: November 2017

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a high-risk signal of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, indicates a significant increase in the risk of ischemic stroke, especially within 7 days. Risk assessment and stratification are important in patient with TIA. A variety of simple prediction scales were developed based on the risk factors for stroke in patients with TIA, such as the California scale, ABCD scale, and ABCD2 scale. Among them, the ABCD scale score is used most commonly, but as its application becomes more and more common, the defects of this scale are also increasingly apparent. In recent years, some derived scales of ABCD score were introduced in order to improve the sensitivity and specificity of prediction. This article reviews the evolution, contents, characteristics, and predictive value of the ABCD score and its derived scales in the prediction of the stroke risk in patients with TIA.
Diagnostic challenges in critical care management of fluid and electrolyte disturbances in a poor-resource setting: a survey of critical care doctors
Authors: Imoh Lucius C. , Okoye Onyedika G. , Abimiku Audu C. , Abu Alex O. , Asorose Solomon A. , Echebiri Promise O.
Published: November 2017

Background: To determine the challenges in diagnostic support for adequate fluid and electrolyte (F/E) management in a poor-resource critical care setting.Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and May 2017 in one hundred and four (104) doctors practicing in four tertiary hospitals in North-central Nigeria. These doctors were currently working in Accidents and Emergency Units (A/E), Intensive care Units (ICU) and Children Emergency Units and have worked for at least two months prior to the study. They were given a structured questionnaire to fill and return. The questionnaire among other things, addressed laboratory-related factors that affect management of F/E disturbances.Results: Unavailability of some laboratory tests, inaccuracy of laboratory results, incomplete test results and delay in obtaining results, hampered F/E management in critical care according to more than 75% of the surveyed doctors. About sixty percent of the doctors reported a turnaround time (TAT) of ≥3 hours for electrolytes and most emergency biochemical tests (except urine dipstick and Blood gases). Also ≤25% of doctors responded that electrolytes and most emergency biochemical tests (except urine dipstick and Blood gases) were offered in the ICU/Emergency unit laboratories. Ten percent or less of doctors reported that electrolytes and the emergency biochemical test were available by Point of care testing (POCT).Conclusions: There is an urgent need for the managers of healthcare in LMICs to establish functional laboratories in ICUs, explore the use of POCT and build capacity for diagnostic critical care.
Clinical, radiological, laboratory and bronchoscopic features characterizing each type of bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Hafez Manal R. , Abo-Elkheir Omaima I.
Published: November 2017

Background: To analyse the clinical, radiological, laboratory, and bronchoscopic findings characterizing each type of bronchogenic carcinoma.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 123 bronchogenic carcinoma patients. They were subjected to history taking, laboratory investigations, computed tomographic scan and fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.9±6.7 years, 76.4% were males and 78.9% were smokers. Most of them were symptomatic, adenocarcinoma (ADC) being the highest symptomatic one. Expectoration, fingers clubbing, and fever were common in ADC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Dyspnea, haemoptysis, dysphonia, dysphagia, vocal cord paralysis, anorexia and weight loss were common in SCLC and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Deep venous thrombosis was common in ADC and SCC. Mass lesion, atelectasis, chest wall invasion and elevated hemidiaphragm were common in SCLC and SCC. Ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement, cavitary lesion, and apical lesion were common in SCC and ADC. Contralateral mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement was common in SCLC. Nodular lesion, consolidation and pleural effusion were common in ADC. Hypercalcemia and hyponatremia were common in SCC. Malignant pleural effusion was common in ADC. Most of the patients had bronchoscopically-visible lesions; SCLC and SCC being the highest visible types. Most of the SCC and SCLC were centrally located, while LCC and ADC were mainly peripherally located. Most of cases were diagnosed via bronchoscopy. More than half of the studied cases were inoperable at presentation, especially SCLC and SCC.Conclusions: The 4 pathological types are distinguished from each other’s by certain clinical, radiological, laboratory and bronchoscopic features.
Antifungal susceptibilities and identification of Candida species by using maldi-tof microbial identification system from cervicovaginal samples
Authors: Erbaş Göksel , Parin Uğur , Kirkan Şükrü , Türkyilmaz Süheyla , Savaşan Serap , Yüksel Hafize Tuğba , Öztürk Sinem
Published: November 2017

Background: Among the vaginal diseases seen in women, candidiasis is in the first place. This disease, which is caused by Candida species, can sometimes persist very stubbornly. The aim of this study was to determine Candida species isolated from vaginal specimens by using VITEK MS (MALDI-TOF Microbial Identification System) rapid identification system and to evaluate their susceptibility to some antifungals.Methods: In this study, 220 cervicovaginal swab were used. Isolates were identified by VITEK MS rapid identification system. After identification, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the M-44 A2 guideline of The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Results: Total 16.3% (36) of Candida spp. positivity was determined from 220 cervicovaginal samples, and 25 (69.4%) C. glabrata, 6 (16.7%) C. albicans, 3 (8.3%) C. kefyr and 2 (5.6%) C. krusei were obtained with Vitek MS. All identified C. albicans strains were found to be completely resistant to all antifungals used except nystatin agent, C. krusei strains were found to be resistant to flucytosine but sensitive to all other antifungals, C. glabrata and C. kefyr strains were susceptible to all antifungals within the antifungals used in this study.Conclusions: It is concluded that it is necessary to distinguish Candida species in order to apply a correct treatment. And species selection is very important for the selection of antifungal to be used. Nystatin is recommended if no laboratory tests are to be performed for the diagnosis of Vaginal Candidiasis.
Burnout among nurses working in critical care settings: a case of a selected tertiary hospital in Rwanda
Authors: Cishahayo Emeline U. , Nankundwa Evelyne , Sego Ruth , Bhengu Busisiwe R.
Published: November 2017

Background: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Emergency Department are more stressful areas therefore nurses in those areas are prone to high level of burnout than others. In Rwanda, studies on burnout among nurses are limited and there is no research targeting specifically nurses working in ICU and Emergency Department. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of burnout among nurses working in ICU and Emergency Department in a selected referral hospital of Kigali.Methods: A quantitative approach was adopted. The descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Sixty nurses were involved in the study and they were selected using a total population sampling strategy. A self-administered questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey were used to collect data. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21.0.Results: The study found high level of burnout among 61.7% of the participants under study. High workload and intention to leave were associated with burnout (P<0.05). Burnout was measured by high Emotional Exhaustion (EE) 29 (48.3%), high Depersonalization (DP) 15 (25%) and low Personal Accomplishment (PA) 30 (50%).Conclusions: The high level of burnout identified among ICU and emergency department nurses is mainly associated with high workload and intention to leave the work within the next 12 months.
Correlation of HDL cholesterol serum and Wagner’s severity level of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Kartono Tommy , Mallapasi Muhammad Nuralim , Mulawardi Mulawardi , Laidding Sachraswaty R. , Aminyoto Meiliati , Prihantono Prihantono
Published: November 2017

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the leading causes of amputation in non-traumatic patients. This research aimed to investigate the correlation between the level of HDL cholesterol and the severity level of diabetic foot ulcer based on Wagner classification. The study conducted at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia.Methods: This is an observational study with the cross-sectional design. The data collected before and after the treatment. The change of the levels of HDL cholesterol and the severity level of the diabetic foot ulcer based on Wagner classification during the treatment were analyzed. Data analyzed using Spearman Correlation test, the paired t-test to assess the change in the levels of HDL cholesterol and the levels of severity of diabetic foot ulcer based on Wagner classification at the time admission and after the treatment.  ANOVA test was used to observe the reduction significance of the severity of diabetic foot ulcer based on Wagner classification, and it was categorized as significant if p<0.05.Results: The results indicated that there is a correlation between the level of HDL cholesterol and the severity level of diabetic foot ulcer based on Wagner classification either at the early treatment with p-value = 0.003 (r = - 0.448) and the end of the treatment with p-value = 0.001(r = - 0.477).  The lower of the level of cholesterol HDL, the higher was the severity level of the diabetic foot ulcer. Meanwhile, the correlation between the increase of the level of HDL cholesterol and the reduction of Wagner classification during the treatment was statistically insignificant with p-value = 0.100 (r = - 0.215).Conclusions: there was a correlation between elevated HDL cholesterol levels during treatment with Wagner classification decrease during treatment, the higher the HDL change, the higher the Wagner classification, but this was weak correlation and statistically insignificant.
The assessment of endometrial pathology and tubal patency of infertile patients: MR-HSG and X-ray HSG
Authors: Turan Arzu , Aslan Halil , Colcimen Nese , Celiker Fatma Beyazal , Demirtas Meryem
Published: November 2017

Background: Infertility is an important disorder for the pairs. Genetic, endocrine disorders or structural genital abnormalities can be cause. The cause of infertility can be determined with careful.Methods: Although it can be reported that ultrasound with saline solution or contrast enhanced hystero salpingo-sonography is the best method to evaluate the uterine cavity and Fallopian tube patency, conventional hysterosalpingography (X-ray-HSG) remains the most commonly used procedure for imaging the uterine cavity and the fallopian tube patency in the evaluation of female infertility. But ionizing radiation to genital organs is the most important problem for X-ray-HSG.Results: For this reason, they are still working on new methods to investigate female infertility as an alternative to X-ray HSGMRI is a favorite method because of excellent image characterization for the female genitals.Conclusions: In this study, the diagnostic performance of MR-HSG was compared with X-ray-HSG which was accepted as a gold standard for detection of tubal patency and pathology of the endometrial cavity.
An awareness program on dengue fever among adults residing in an urban slum area, Coimbatore
Authors: G. Sugunadevi , A. Dharmaraj
Published: November 2017

Background: Dengue fever is a mosquito borne disease transmitted by the Aedes mosquito. This disease is known to be worldwide problem, affecting the tropical and sub-tropical regions. One third of the world’s population is at risk of transmission of disease. So, creating awareness is an effective way of preventing Dengue Fever. The objective of the study was to create awareness on Dengue Fever among adults residing in an Urban Slum area in Coimbatore.Methods: The study was conducted among 150 adults residing in an urban slum area in Coimbatore. After informed consent, pre-test questionnaire was administered to assess their awareness on Dengue Fever. Health education programme was conducted and after one month their improvement in the knowledge on dengue fever was recorded using post-test questionnaire.Results: After the awareness program the improvement in knowledge on Dengue Fever among the study participants was assessed and found to have improved significantly (p< 0.001).Conclusions: Health education on Awareness of Dengue Fever among adults aged 20 to 30 years in urban slum at Coimbatore has produced an improvement in knowledge by 48 percent.
A study of empowerment level in currently married women in western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Prabhu Priya M.
Published: November 2017

Background: Empowerment of women in all fields constitutes one of the fundamental objectives of development efforts in a region. Laws can support the endeavour of women’s empowerment, but considering the complex cultural beliefs and practices that lie at the root of the imbalance, the effectiveness of such isolated efforts remains doubtful. Present study was planned to assess level of women’s empowerment in western region of Maharashtra with objectives to measure various direct and indirect indicators of women’s empowerment by different background characteristics.Methods: A cross-sectional study using structured questionnaire based interviews was carried out in female outpatients in tertiary care hospital. The sample of 300 currently married women in reproductive age-group was selected by systematic random sampling.Results: Out of 360 women majority belonged to Hindu religion (65%), and households of middle standard of living (71.7%) and 76.6% women were married below age of 21. 38.3% women were always involved in household decision making. Regarding freedom of movement, 38.3% women have complete freedom whereas 41.7% women have some control over economic resources. But only 30% women have personal savings. 60% women have favourable attitude towards girls’ education, and only 33.3% women defy domestic violence.Conclusions: There are significant divergences in the direct and indirect indices of women’s empowerment and there is much scope for improvement in self-esteem of women.
Trichoscopic findings in cicatricial alopecias and hair shaft disorders and its application in histopathology
Authors: Khadatkar Ashwini S. , Ghodake Nishant B.
Published: November 2017

Background: Many studies have been published on dermoscopy of hair and scalp disorders in the past few years, but these have been mainly carried out in western countries. Indian skin is mainly type IV and V and has its own unique set of problems and pathological findings. Hence, we conducted a study at our institute to study the dermoscopic patterns of various cicatricial alopecias.Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted in the Dermatology outpatient department, Skinaccess clinics, Nashik, between August 2014 to June 2016. The most common and characteristic feature seen in patients with cicatricial alopecia was hair follicle effacement seen in all 24 patients (100%). Hair follicle plugging was seen in 6 (25%) patients with DLE, and one patient with idiopathic scarring. Hyperkeratotic perifollicular scaling was seen in 2 patients with lichen plano pilaris. Perifollicular hyperpigmentation was seen in one patient of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and 2 patients with idiopathic scarring. Hair casts were seen in 2 patients with lichen plano pilaris, and in one patient with idiopathic scarring. Patchy depigmentation was seen in 4 patients with discoid lupus erythematosus, 3 patients with idiopathic scarring, and one patient with lichen plano pilaris.Results: The most common and characteristic feature seen in patients with cicatricial alopecia was hair follicle effacement seen in all 24 patients (100%). Hair follicle plugging was seen in 6 (25%) patients with DLE, and one patient with idiopathic scarring. Hyperkeratotic perifollicular scaling was seen in 2 patients with lichen plano pilaris. Perifollicular hyperpigmentation was seen in one patient of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and 2 patients with idiopathic scarring. Hair casts were seen in 2 patients with lichen plano pilaris, and in one patient with idiopathic scarring. Patchy depigmentation was seen in 4 patients with discoid lupus erythematosus, 3 patients with idiopathic scarring, and one patient with lichen plano pilaris.Conclusions: Hair follicle effacement is a characteristic dermoscopic feature of cicatricial alopecia. Hair follicle plugging, patchy depigmentation and red dots are seen in DLE. In lichen plano pilaris the dermoscopic findings of blue dots, white dots and perifollicular scaling were found to be useful for making an accurate diagnosis. Perifollicular scaling and tufting of hair is characteristically seen in patients with folliculitis decalvans. Dermoscopy is very useful in differentiating cicatricial from non-cicatricial alopecias. A biopsy obtained from the peripheral edge of the patch is more likely to show diagnostic features than the central portion. Dermoscopic guided biopsies were shown to yield definitive pathological diagnosis in 95% of the cases. Hair shaft disorders can be easily diagnosed by dermoscopy, without the need for hair.
Retrospective analysis of ultrasound features of dengue infection
Authors: Narasimhan Denesh , Katragadda Silpita , Sathish M.
Published: November 2017

Background: Dengue infection is an extremely common infection in tropical countries. It is considered to be prevalent all-round the year. The aim of the study was to analyse the ultrasound features of serologically proven dengue cases. To correlate the platelet count with ultrasound features of dengue.Methods: Study included dengue patients admitted from January 2011 to December 2012. Dengue was diagnosed by IgM antibody test. All patients underwent ultrasound evaluation and platelet count testing.Results: most common finding was ascites in 43 cases (39.8%), splenomegaly in 41 cases (37.9%), right sided pleural effusion in 25 cases (23.4%), gall bladder wall thickening was present in 30 cases (27.7%) and hepatomegaly was present in 20 cases (18.5%). Presence of most of the features of ultrasound evaluation correlated with a platelet count of less than 40000 cells/mm3.Conclusions: The commonest sonographic findings were ascites and splenomegaly followed by pleural effusion and gall bladder wall thickening. Thus, presence of these ultrasound features in a febrile patient may be suggestive of dengue fever and presence of all the sonographic features may suggest a low platelet count.
Comparative study between LMA supreme with I-gel in anaesthetised adult patient on effectiveness and safety
Authors: Samel Sarika A. , Morale Shrikant S.
Published: November 2017

Background: Supreme laryngeal mask airway (SLMA) and I-gel airway devices are second generation supraglottic airway devices (SAD) and are good alternatives to intubation during surgeries. The study was conducted with the objective to compare two supraglottic airway devices for ease of insertion, number of attempts of insertion, hemodynamic changes, incidence of adverse effects like regurgitation, lip and dental trauma and post-operative sore throat, dysphagia or hoarseness.Methods: This study was conducted at Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair hospital, Mumbai. 80 patients of ASA class 1 and 2 with Mallampati grading 1 and 2, between age group of 18-60 years and with BMI <28kg/m2 were selected for the study. After induction of anesthesia for all the patients, one of SAD (SLMA or I-gel) was inserted randomly and accordingly they are divided into two groups consisting of 40 in each. Insertion parameters, hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were noted. Patients were also observed for any complications for 1 hour and 24 hours postoperatively.Results: Both groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, insertion parameters, hemodynamic and respiratory parameters and found no statistically significant differences between them (p>0.05). Postoperatively no significant complications were observed in terms of dental injury, laryngospasm. Complication like sore throat after 1 hour and after 24 hours was comparatively more in I-gel group but difference was not significant at 1 hr (p>0.05). Dysphagia was reported more in SLMA group (8 cases) than I-gel group (1 case) at one hour and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.013).Conclusions: SLMA and I-GEL are better airway management option for patients undergoing short surgical procedures under general anaesthesia.
The effects of music on pulse rate and blood pressure in healthy young adults
Authors: S. Suguna , K. Deepika
Published: November 2017

Background: Music is a combination of frequency, beat, density, tone, rhythm, repetition, loudness and lyrics. Cardiovascular autonomic function syncs with the different musical rhythms and modulates the cardiovascular system. When we are exposed to slow beat music the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated decreasing the heart rate and while listening to fast beat music the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated and increases the heart rate. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of slow and fast beat music on pulse rate and blood pressure.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 100 healthy adults of age group 18-25yrs. The subject was made to lie down in a couch and pulse rate and blood pressure is measured by LED BP apparatus. After that slow beat music (“The weightless” most relaxing song of 2011) was played through the headphone. Then the pulse rate and blood pressure were recorded immediately after the music. After a period of 5 minutes rest, again pulse rate and blood pressure were measured. Then, fast beat music (“World Wide chopper”) was played and the pulse rate and blood pressure were measured immediately after the fast music.Results: There was significant reduction in pulse rate and blood pressure after listening to slow music whereas there was significant increase in pulse rate and blood pressure after listening to fast music.Conclusions: We concluded that listening to slow beat music lowers the pulse rate and blood pressure, thereby improving the cardiac autonomic regulation.
Study on the effectiveness of clinical scoring in predicting the outcome of diabetic foot
Authors: K. Sherine E. , P. Sasi M.
Published: November 2017

Background: Diabetic patients will develop diabetic foot ulcerations of which 14-20% will go on to amputation. By this study we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of clinical scoring system predicting the outcome of diabetic foot and also to know whether neuropathy or vasculopathy predominated in these patients.Methods: Patients with Type 2 diabetic ulcers are selected, and the ulcer was graded according to Wagner’s grading. The vasculopathy and Neuropathy were assessed by Doppler study and monofilament tests respectively. The patients were grouped based on the grade of ulcer and presence or absence of neuropathy and vasculopathy. These patients were followed up for a duration of 1 year.Results: The patients belonging up to group 6 had better outcome(healing) on conservative management and those in group 8 and group 9 had a bad outcome (amputations). 66% of patients had neuropathy predominance.Conclusions: Even though clinical scoring system could predict the outcome, statistically it is not found to be significant. Neuropathy was the more predominant factor among the patients with diabetic foot.
To study the effectiveness of prophylactic use of ceftriaxone (single dose) in caesarean section in low risk patients in a tertiary care center, Moradabad, India
Authors: Kumari Ruby , Sharma Arti , Sheetal . , Roy Pratibha , Anupriya .
Published: November 2017

Background: There is increasing incidence of caesarean section throughout the world. As caesarean section is associated with infectious complications which increase the rate of morbidity and mortality of mothers. For prevention of infectious complications antibiotics are used but careless use of antibiotics increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance. Many guidelines and studies recommend single dose antibiotic prophylaxis for women undergoing elective or non-elective caesarean section. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Ceftriaxone as prophylactic antibiotic (single dose) in caesarean section in low risk patients.Methods: A Prospective single blind study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, TMMC and RC Moradabad, a tertiary care center, in all low risk patients underwent for Elective and Emergency Lower segment caesarean section for 1 year from 1st June 2015 to May 2016 on 110 patients. Data was collected and analyzed by percentage and proportion.Results: Prevalence of caesarean section was maximum in women of 26-35years age group (52.72%),about 67.27% was emergency LSCS, most common indication of caesarean section was Fetal distress (29.09%),refusal for vaginal delivery after caesarean section (10.90%) was one of the cause for increasing rate of repeat caesarean section, 41.81% women in labour,72.27% cases were with intact membrane, in 9.09% cases, antibiotic had to change in post-operative period due to urinary tract infection and surgical site infection, most common post-operative complication was superficial surgical site infection with purulent discharge (2.72%). No major life-threatening complication occurred.Conclusions: Single dose of Ceftriaxone is effective for prevention of post-caesarean infectious complication.
Comparison of different cephalometric variables in patients with and without history of snoring
Authors: Khan Azhar , Imran Mohamad , Imran Mohammed , Parkar Shoib N. , Islam Mueed U. , Nazir Shayan
Published: November 2017

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has a high prevalence among adults. Cephalometric variables can be a valuable method for evaluating patients with this syndrome. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the craniofacial variables in subjects with and without snoring by cephalometric analysis.Methods: 40 patients were included in the study who were divided into two groups; group 1 of 20 snoring patients and group 2 control group of 20 non-snoring patients and were evaluated and compared for various cephalometric variables.Results: The distance from the hyoid bone to the mandibular plane (MP-H) was the only variable that showed a statistically significant correlation between two groups.Conclusions: Cephalometric variables are useful tools for evaluating the patients with snoring who are predisposed to obstructive sleep apnoea. The distance from the hyoid bone to the mandibular plane showed a statistically significant correlation between two groups.
Analysis of FNAC in diagnosis of lymphadenopathy-a retrospective study from a regional cancer centre, Cuttack, Odisha
Authors: Pathy Pramod Chandra , Hota Subhransu Kumar , Dash Sashibhusan , Samantaray Sagarika , Panda Sasmita , Rout Niranjan
Published: November 2017

Background: Lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical presentations and major causes of morbidity. Thus, clinical recognition and urgent diagnosis is of paramount importance. So, we aimed to analysis the diagnostic role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in superficial lymphadenopathy in a regional cancer centre, Odisha, India.Methods: A total 1129 cases were retrieved from the hospital record retrospectively from the patients who had presented with superficial lymphadenopathy from January 2015 to December 2015.Results: Out of 1129 lymphadenopathy cases, 671 (59.43%) were male and 458 (40.56%) were female with male to female ratio 1.46:1. The age of the patients ranged from 4 years to 83 years with mean age 48.57 years. The most common site was observed in cervical lymph node 493 (43.66%) followed by submandibuar lymph nodes 198 (17.53%) and supraclavicular lymph nodes 172 (15.23%). 584 (51.27%) were malignant and 545 (48.27%) were benign. Reactive hyperplasia was most common 318 (58.34%) among benign cases where as metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was the most common 261 (50.77%) among malignant lesions. By FNAC all benign lesions were correctly diagnosed, and primary sites of malignancy identified in 442 (85.59%) cases. Cyto-histo correlation was done in 399 cases. The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was found to be   93.98%, sensitivity 93.88%, specificity 94.64%, positive predictive value 99.8% and negative predictive value 71.62%.Conclusions: FNAC is a highly sensitive and specific tool for early detecting primary malignancy and metastatic lesions. Many inflammatory lesions can be treated based on FNAC alone.
Evaluation of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities: experience of a tertiary healthcare diagnostic laboratory in India
Authors: Salaskar Vidya , Pradhan Gauri , Pais Anurita , Kadam Chaitali , Matkar Sunmeet
Published: November 2017

Background: Structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations contribute significantly to genetic disease. Unbalanced aberrations are associated with congenital anomalies, mental retardation and underdevelopment of secondary sexual characters while balanced structural chromosomal abnormalities contribute to an increased risk for infertility, bad obstetric history and chromosomally unbalanced offspring with multiple congenital abnormalities and intellectual impairment. Aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence and characterization of cytogenetic aberrations in 8445 cases referred during the years 2010-2013 for cytogenetic evaluation.Methods: Metaphase chromosomes from 72-hour blood lymphocyte culture were prepared for Giemsa-Trypsin-G banding. Characterization of marker chromosomes were done by M-FISH and subtle chromosomal aberrations were evaluated by targeted FISH using centromeric probes for chromosome 13,18,21, X and Y and loci specific probes for microdeletion syndromes and SRY gene.Results: Variant forms of trisomies i.e. partial trisomies were seen in cases with Edwards and Patau syndrome. Sex chromosomal abnormalities associated with puberty and reproductive problems were seen in cases with Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome and also in females with primary amenorrhea. Autosomal reciprocal translocations were the most common chromosomal changes in couples with recurrent abortions. In order to increase the diagnostic yield and evaluate variations, FISH and m-FISH were additional tests done to characterize the genetic variations.Conclusions: Along with Karyotyping SRY, XIST, SHOX9 gene analysis and Y microdeletion analysis are also critial tests to assess the possibilities for normal development or assisted reproduction in individuals with sex chromosomal abnormalities.
Haemolysis by urea: a simple method to improve quality of pre and post stained fine needle aspiration smears
Authors: Simon K. Ankita , Gadkari Rasika Uday , Dattar Sonali , Shrikhande Anuradha Vijay
Published: November 2017

Background: Fine needle aspiration smears may contain large amount of blood which obscures cell morphology and cause inadequacy of smears in guided aspirates and highly vascular tumors. Resolving this problem can be done by urea.  Red cell lysis by urea is a simple technique without affecting the diagnostic material of smears or losing them during the procedure. To evaluate utility of urea solution for red cell lysis for improving the adequacy of prestained and Poststained smears.Methods: For prestained and Poststained slides urea concentration, time of alcohol fixation and time in urea were standardized.  Ethanol fixed smears are placed in coplin jars containing urea solution and then transferred back to ethanol fixative and stained routinely. Stained smears coverslip is removed then placed in urea solution which are later transferred back to ethanol fixative and stained routinely. Conventional and urea smears are compared using scoring system by Mair et al.Results: Urea treated smears had a cleaner background when compared with conventional smears with preservation of cell morphology in ethanol fixed smears. Stastical analysis showed significant improvement in adequacy of smears after urea treatment of smears.Conclusions: The technique is reliable and applicable method to improve the adequacy of cytology smears.
Marital quality in alcohol dependance syndrome: a comparative study between first time and repeatedly hospitalised patients
Authors: Jose Kurian , Khess. Christoday R. J. , Uvais N. A.
Published: November 2017

Background: Marital quality is considered as a significant part of social well-being. Poor marital quality adversely affects physical and mental health as well as the overall quality of life. Moreover, it can significantly affect the course of alcohol dependance syndrome. The aim this study was to compare the marital quality among patients with alcohol dependance syndrome who are admit-ted for the first time and patients with alcohol dependance syndrome (ADS) who are admitted for multiple times.Methods: The sample consisted of each 30 patients with alcohol dependance syndrome who are admitted for the first time and patients with alcohol dependance syndrome who are admitted for multiple times, diagnosed as per international classification of diseases-10 diagnostic criteria for research. The sample population was evaluated using Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire and The Marital Quality Scale. The data was analysed using SPSS-16.0.Results: The severity of alcohol dependance was found to be significantly higher in the repeatedly hospitalised group when compared to first time admitted patients with ADS (p<0.01). The repeatedly hospitalised patients are found to be having significantly poor Marital Quality in the domains of Understanding, Rejection, Satisfaction, Affection, Despair, Decision Making, Dominance, Self-Disclosure, Trust and Role Functioning, when compared to first time admitted patients (p<.001).Conclusions: How problem use of alcohol affect marital quality is not settled in research till date, though most of the studies suggest a negative correlation. There are contradictory hypotheses regarding the effects of alcohol use on marital quality. Our study showed that patients with severe degrees alcoholism and who are admitted repeatedly have poor marital quality when compared to patients with lesser severity of alcoholism and admitted for the first time in Indian context.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a prognostic marker in chronic myeloid Leukemia: an observational study
Authors: Mehta Shinky , Rohilla Ravi , Rohila Jyoti
Published: November 2017

Background: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a protein which is associated with various inflammatory conditions affecting human tissues, such as those in the respiratory, gastro-enteric and urinary tracts, with a marked increase in the local and systemic expression. Different experimental evidences reveal that NGAL is required for the induction and pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).Methods: The present study was conducted in department of Biochemistry in a tertiary care institute of Haryana. 30 cases of CML were included in the study. It was a hospital based observational study which was conducted for one-year duration. Apart from routine biochemical investigations, serum NGAL estimation was done before the initiation of therapy and after 3 months of therapy.Results: The median age at presentation was 39 years. Male to female ratio was 1.3:1. Weight loss was the most common presentation of patients (53.3%). More than half of the cases occurred in age group of 21-40 years. Serum NGAL was significantly higher in CML patients (358.47±125.65) before treatment as compared to serum NGAL value after treatment (85.03±62.77). In patients who achieved hematological remission, mean serum NGAL levels (62.46 ng/ml±23.72) were statistically lower than mean serum NGAL values in patients who did not achieve remission (231.75 ng/ml±16.7).Conclusions: The present study concluded that serum NGAL levels can be used as diagnostic and prognostic marker in CML.
Role of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology of right hypochondrial masses
Authors: Verma Nidhi , Neetu . , Sharma S. P. , Singh Preeti , Kumar Anuj
Published: November 2017

Background: Patients having right hypochondrial intra-abdominal masses are commonly encountered in clinical practice. The study was done to know the role of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration in diagnosing right hypochondrial masses and its most common cause.Methods: 112 cases were collected from department of surgery, SVBP hospital meerut. FNAC was done using 22-23 G disposable lumbar puncture needle with trochar fitted with 20 ml syringe, introduced under radiological guidance and aspiration is done under negative pressure. Smears were stained with Leishman’s stain, May Grunwald Geimsa (MGG) and Papnicolou stain.Results: Out of total 112 cases, 12 cases excluded from study as only blood was aspirated. Therefore, out of 100 cases, 83% (83/100) cases were malignant, 7% (7/100) benign and 10% (10/100) inconclusive/ due to low cellularity. Among the malignant masses, majority 52 (52.0%) cases were of liver secondaries followed by 24 (24.0%) cases of adenocarcinoma gall bladder, 5 (5.0%) cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and single case (1%), each of cholangiocarcinoma GB and squamous cell carcinoma GB. Among the benign lesions, 3 (3.0%) cases of liver abscess, 2 (2.0%) cases of hydatid disease followed by single case (1.0%) of hepatic adenoma and cysticercosis liver. In this study, overall accuracy of USG guided FNAC was 96.66%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and efficacy of USG guided FNAC in right hypochondrial masses were 96.66%, 100%, 100%, 66.67% and 96.87% respectively.Conclusions: USG guided FNAC is simple, quick, safe, reliable and economical tool without any significant complication in diagnosing right hypochondrial masses.
A clinico-pathological study of pigmented cutaneous lesions: a one-year prospective study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Parvathi M. , Balaji Chowdari , Lekha G. Divya , Kumar S. Satish , Lakshmi A. Bhagya
Published: November 2017

Background: Pigmented lesions are group of lesions which have melanocytic proliferation with very common clinical presentation. Diagnosing these pigmented lesions and differentiating cutaneous melanocytic lesions from non-melanocytic lesions poses a great challenge for the pathologist.Methods: A Prospective study was conducted for one year from June 2016 to June 2017 sent to the Department of Pathology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, a tertiary care centre in southern India consisting of 44 pigmented lesions. Specimens were formalin fixed and the tissue was adequately processed for histopathological examination. The sections were stained routinely with hematoxylin and eosin stain and examined under light microscopy.Results: Out of 44 cases, 24 cases were cutaneous melanocytic lesions which include benign naevi 22 (50%) and 2 (4.6%) malignant melanoma cases. The other 20 cases were cutaneous non melanocytic lesions which include 5 (11.4%) pigmented seborrheic keratosis, 6 (13.7%) pigmented basal cell carcinoma, 1 (2.3%) pigmented actinic keratosis and 8 (18%) cases of naevus sebaceous. Most common effected age group was <21 years (31.81%), male: female ratio is 1:2 and most common site involved was face 29 cases (65.9%). Most common pigmented lesions were benign melanocytic nevi 22 (50%) followed by naevus sebaceous 8 (18%) cases. 32 (72.71%) cases were consistent with both clinico-histopathological correlation.Conclusions: Benign melanocytic nevi are most common lesions obtained, seborric keratosis and pigmented basal cell carcinoma were most common mimickers of melanocytic lesions, hence a careful histopathological diagnosis is important.