bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental subjective wellbeing during the COVID-19 lockdown: Evidence from the epicenter of a pandemic crisis
Authors: Biffi E. , Pepe A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) health emergency has led national states to adopt severe actions forcing many people to cope with new and unexpected challenges. Those constraints risked to jeopardized the mental health and subjective wellbeing (SWB) of individuals.

Objectives

The present cross-sectional quantitative study explored whether and to what extent psychological and social aspects were determinants of parental SWB as outcome variable during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods

The sample was composed of 304 Italian parents (93% female, mean age 41.5, 91% from Lombardy). Data were gathered through Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) four weeks after the beginning of the national lockdown. World Health Organization (WHO) wellbeing scale along with other self-reported measures of social support, feelings of abandonment, feeling of being equipped and adequacy of living spaces were administered. Data were analyzed by hierarchical regression models (Ethics Committee of Milano-Bicocca University approval N.0034537/20)

Results

According to the WHO cutoff score, 37.7% of parents reported low well-being levels. The regression model (F=11.2, p<.001) suggested that the feeling of abandonment and the feeling of being equipped were the most important contributors to SWB. Other statistically significant (but with lower effect sizes) variables were the support received by the partner and the adequacy of living spaces.

Conclusions

The findings bear out the pivotal importance of subjective states (such as feelings of abandonment or perceptions of being poorly equipped) in relation to the levels of parental SWB during the COVID-19 lockdown. Implications for planning psychological interventions aimed at strengthening personal resources to face the emergency are discussed.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Kleptomania as a neglected disorder in psychiatry
Authors: Torales J. , Ventriglio A. , González I. , Castaldelli-Maia J.
Published: February 2022

Kleptomania is an impulse control disorder characterized by the irresistible urge to steal not for monetary gain. Since its conceptualization, this categorical diagnosis has been conflated with common beliefs regarding the social class and gender such as the idea that women are intrinsically fragile and that people in the middle class were unlikely to commit theft. Also, its use has been controversial in the medical and forensic fields. This presentation will provide a historical excursus through the definitions of the syndrome and summarize the available pharmacological and psychotherapeutic options for its treatment. Currently, there is a lack of systematic studies regarding the clinical characteristics of kleptomania and its treatment options for practical standardized approaches.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
On general cognitive functioning. Descriptive study in post-intensive care syndrome patients after COVID-19 infection in a functional rehabilitation unit in Spain. A pilot study
Authors: Maldonado-Belmonte M.J. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , Román-Belmonte J.M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) is a physical, cognitive, emotional and functional condition resulting from prolonged stays in ICU (Intensive Care Unit). In pathologies with clinical characteristics similar to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, most patients showed cognitive deficits after discharge from ICU. Further studies are needed to explore global cognitive impairment among PICS patients after COVID-19 infection.

Objectives

To analyse the global cognitive functioning in patients with PICS after COVID-19 infection in a Functional Rehabilitation Unit in Madrid (Spain) using the Spanish version of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-S).

Methods

This study was conducted in the Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, in Madrid (Spain). A sample of 17 PICS adult patients was included, with age ranging from 56 to 74 years old (mean = 68.35 years; 13 males). Patients were assessed around three weeks after referral from their reference hospital. The total score of the SCIP-S was used as outcome. Descriptive analyses were conducted (mean and standard deviation) on standardized scores (z) based on age-adjusted general population norms. Significant impairment was set at z < -1.5.

Results

Mean total z-score on SCIP-S was -1.08 (S.D. = .82) from the total sample, with 52.9% of cases with significant impairment (mean = -1.74; S.D. = .21).

Conclusions

These preliminary results show the probable presence of mild-moderate global cognitive impairment in a relevant proportion of patients after COVID-19 infection. Longitudinal studies, with larger samples, are needed where the premorbid cognitive level is considered.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A study on the effects of stress and hopelessness in isolated COVID-19 patients in relation to severity of infection
Authors: Mittal S. , Nagendran S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

In India, Coronavirus pandemic started in the month of march 2020 and is growing day by day. In view of India being one of the most populous countries, it is hard to follow social distancing and abide by the lockdown rules. Therefore, as of December 2020, total number of covid-19 cases has crossed the 10 million. But the recovery rate in India is high, so the fear due to Covid-19 has decreased in intensity.

Objectives

To assess level of perceived stress in isolated covid-19 patients To assess level of hopelessness in isolated covid-19 patients

Methods

30 Patients of diagnosed Covid-19 positive,who were isolated in covid care setting in Uttar Pradesh(India),above 18yrs of age,of both sexes and willing to participate in the study were included, their socio-demographic data collected. Beck’s hopelessness scale and Perceived stress scale were administered. Infection severity upto moderate was selected and ICU patients were excluded. Results were analysed using SPSS software.

Results

It was observed that level of hopelessness increased with increasing age and increasing severity of covid-19.Level of perceived stress also increased with increasing age and increasing covid severity. There was no relation seen between hopelessness level and perceived stress level and no difference was seen in the levels of hopelessness and perceived stress between the two sexes.

Conclusions

Levels of hopelessness and stress increased with increasing age and increasing severity of covid-19.No relation seen between hopelessness level and perceived stress level and no difference was seen in the levels of hopelessness and perceived stress between the two sexes.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
COVID-19 pandemic and physical health screening in an assertive community treatment service
Authors: Taylor M. , Udo I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Patients with severe mental illness experience physical health inequities. They are less likely to receive preventative care and adequate treatment for physical illnesses. Physical health screening of patients receiving antipsychotics is usually carried out every six months. This comprises screening bloodwork and ECGs, and the sharing of results with family physicians.

Objectives

We sought to investigate whether the pandemic affected the receipt of routine physical health screening in patients managed by an Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) Service.

Methods

A comprehensive chart review was performed on 62 ACT patients. We compared the receipt of screening bloodwork and ECGs from March—December 2020 to the same period in 2019. Results were analyzed using McNemar’s Chi square test with Yates’ correction.

Results

Patients were less likely to have received an ECG during the pandemic period. 69% received an ECG from March—December 2019 versus 42% from March—December 2020 (χ2= 7.76, p<0.01). Similarly, patients were less likely to have received screening bloodwork during the pandemic period (69% vs. 50%, Χ2= 4.32, p<0.05). Qualitative discussion with ACT staff regarding the 39 patients who had not received an ECG and/or bloodwork during the pandemic period revealed system-related (8%), patient-related (23%), and Covid-related (69%) barriers to screening. Covid-related barriers included transport concerns and lab closures.

Conclusions

ACT patients were less likely to have received routine health screening during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, the pandemic may have exacerbated physical health inequities for patients with severe mental illness. Covid-related barriers to screening represent an important target for intervention.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
University entrance exam anxiety of adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: Cognitive flexibility and self-regulation
Authors: Korhan M. , Engin E. , Güloğlu B.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

After the first case of Covid-19 was emerged in Turkey on March 11, 2020, schools were closed distance education began. On March 21, curfew was declared for people who under the age of 20. Subsequently, the date of the nationwide university exam was changed twice.

Objectives

This study has two aims. The first goal was to investigate the factors that affect the test anxiety of individuals who will enter the university exam during the Covid-19 outbreak. The second aim was to investigate whether the test anxiety levels of the participants vary according to the level of cognitive flexibility and self-regulation.

Methods

The study consists of 420 (284 women, 131 men and 5 others). The age range of the participants was between 18 and 21, with the mean of 18.33. Exam Anxiety Scale, Adolescent Self-Regulation Skills Scale and Cognitive Flexibility Scale were used to collect data.

Results

The findings indicated that women’s level of test anxiety was higher than men. Those who do have concentration issues in distance education have high level of test anxiety. Test anxiety was higher for students whose household income decreased because of the pandemic. MANOVA results revealed that individuals with low test anxiety have higher ‘self-regulation successful’ scores and lower ‘self-regulation unsuccessful’ scores. Moreover, it was yielded that people with low test anxiety have higher level of cognitive flexibility.

Conclusions

Protective factors such as cognitive flexibility and self-regulation play an important role in individuals’ management of test anxiety.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Online counseling experience of Turkish counselor candidates throughout COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Korkmaz H. , Güloğlu B.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

As in many areas of life, the covid-19 epidemic has had a great impact on psychological counselor training. Although studies and practices on online counseling are increasing every day in the world, there has not been a psychological counseling method preferred by experts in Turkey, which comes from community culture and, where physical contact is important, until the pandemic.

Objectives

The examination of the opinions of the students studying in the last year of the psychological counseling and guidance undergraduate program during the pandemic regarding online counseling, where they perform their first psychological counseling experience.

Methods

The study was conducted with 10 counseling students, 9 women and 1 Man. The age range of the students is 22-24 and the average age is 20.6. The students’ opinions are taken with open-ended questions such as “Can you share your views on online counseling before online counseling?“ The reflection letter that the students responded to was subjected to content analysis.

Results

The findings of the study show that there are four themes: Emotions before the counseling process, Thoughts before the counseling process, Therapeutic relationship, Online counseling in professional life. For example; in online counseling, negative emotions such as anxiety, excitement, fear, anxiety, stress, anxiety, as well as feeling comfortable and safe are among the positive feelings they experience in their therapeutic relationships.

Conclusions

As a result, although students have a positive view of online counseling, they mainly prefer to do it face-to-face. The findings were discussed taking into account Turkish culture.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Immediate psychological effects of COVID-2019 in people sheltered in place living in New York state
Authors: Piretti I. , Benassi M. , Ambrosini F. , Sant’Angelo R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The epidemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2, which began in Wuhan city in December 2019, quickly spread to various countries around the world. The first case in New York State was confirmed on March 1; three weeks later (on March 22, 8 p.m.) the entire population was sheltered in place (SIP). By March 27, the USA had already become the first country in the world for the number of infections. 56% of known domestic cases were confined to New York State.

Objectives

The study aims to evaluate the immediate psychological effects on sheltered in place persons aged between 18 and 70 years old and living in New York State (USA).

Methods

This study is based on a cross-sectional online survey conducted anonymously in the period between the tenth and twenty-third day of SIP. Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale (ZAS scale), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Perceived Stress Scale 4 (PSS4) were used to evaluate anxiety, insomnia and stress respectively.

Results

We collected data on 354 individuals (189 females, 34.9 years). MANOVA evidenced that anxiety was significantly related to marital status (higher for divorced/widow participants as compared to married/civil partnership and single), it decreased significantly with age, it was higher for females and for persons having an history of psychiatric disorders and sleeping problems.

Conclusions

Our results could be used as a “psychological baseline” meanwhile the outbreak of COVID-19 is still ongoing. Despite the few days of shelter in place, we found the presence of a significant incidence and pervasive prevalence of psychological distress.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
On the continuity of rehabilitation and meeting the patients’ needs: Online psychosocial treatment during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Palin A. , Shilko N. , Pozharskaya A. , Burygina L. , Semenova N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged our model of face-to-face psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation format. To adapt to the current situation, as professionals, we have decided to transform the format into a virtual one that will offer the continuity of rehabilitation and therapy. Two clinical psychologists held online sessions and a special chat created in the IM messenger where patients could safely interact with each other.

Objectives

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of online sessions in a sample of outpatients engaged in rehabilitation programs.

Methods

Data from 50 patients (F20-F25, aged from 25 to 45) treated with a new online psychosocial program, including i. psychoeducation, ii. learning skills of the behavior under the circumstances of isolation, iii. training skills of effective communication and emotional regulation, and assessed for depression, anxiety, hopelessness, hostility (BDI, STAI, BHS, BDHI), and self-esteem, were analyzed for this study. Motivational enhancement techniques were also used to engage the patients in this new treatment format.

Results

According to the preliminary data, we point out a statistically meaningful reduction in depression (p=0,003), anxiety (p=0,001), and hostility (р=0,001); self-esteem, evaluated with the Dembo-Rubinstein method, was improved (p=0,002); the T Wilcoxon criterion used for rating the magnitude.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that establishing a new online psychosocial program over the last few months positions us to respond effectively to such a new challenge and suggest that rehabilitative programs targeting patients’ needs may continue in this time of uncertainty.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Intercultural communication: An issue of modern times
Authors: Jesus M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Globalization as lead to a more heterogeneous population than ever which makes intercultural communication an issue of modern times. Although this is positive in many ways, the differences in culture and beliefs, as well as a linguist barrier may impair clinical communication.

Objectives

The authors aim to shed light in the issues regarding intercultural communication.

Methods

Review of the literature including studies focusing on the the various facets of intercultural communication.

Results

People from different cultural backgrounds have less access to health care and are less referenced to specialized care. Also, these patients report less satisfaction after their appointments. Although language proficiency in pointed as one of the most determinant factors, acceptance and comprehension of the patient beliefs regarding health and disease seems to play a very important role. Different cultures express symptoms differently and have different expectations when meeting a doctor. When these factors are overlooked, the doctor-patient relationship suffers and so does the treatment adherence. Doctors tend to have an identical approach to intercultural patients and native patients and to evaluate their interview as very positive, even when the same doesn’t happen with the patients.

Conclusions

Although the difficulties regarding intercultural communication are widely known, most doctors fail adequate their interventions to the specific needs of their patients, not taking into consideration their different beliefs and expectations. This raises very important questions as patient dissatisfaction leads to failure to report symptoms and consequent misdiagnosis and non-compliance to the proposed treatment which ultimately results in a less efficient health care in these populations.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A case of late-onset and long term of anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis in a 50-year-old patient with culturally acceptable psychosis and cognitive decline
Authors: Palchikova Y. , Zalutskaya N. , Gomzyakova N. , Mikhailov V. , Ananyeva N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis is a severe rare acute form of encephalitis caused by an autoimmune process with the synthesis of autoantibodies to the glutamate receptors. The average age of onser is estimated to be 23-25 years. A typical clinical picture consist of prodromal, psychotic, areactive, hyperkinetic phases, and a phase of gradual regression of symptoms. The disease usually lasts for a several weeks with spontaneous recovery or fatal outcome and caused by neoplastic process. Our case demonstrates that the course of anti-NMDAR encephalitis is possible at more mature age in the form of a long process with cultural features, without significant catadrome, inflammation and associated neoplastic process.

Objectives

50-year-old Buddhist Buryat woman with complaints about hypomnesia, anosmia and dissomnia. The disease began with impaired consciousness, disorientation, seizures and memory loss 4 years ago. Then after a visit of Lama, the symtoms described above spontaneously reduced and schizophrenia-like psychosis developed (voice of Lama in the head, a belief in the existence of super-powers, disorganized behavior), mild neurological and severe neurocognitive symptoms, weight loss, intolerance to antipsychotics in minimal daily doses.

Methods

Examination included: CBC, metabolic panel, coagulogram, tumor markers, CSF, MRI, PET, specialists.

Results

CBC, metabolic blood analysis, tumor markers - within the reference values. CSF: cytosis 9/3, glucose 5.5 mmol/l, Pandi++, Nonnet-Apeltau+, antibodies to the NMDA receptor - 8. MRI: signs of the consequences of encephalitis. PET: no signs of metabolic activity of the malignant process.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of anti-NMDA-receptor-encephalitis was confirmed by the laboratory and clinical criteria despite unususal course and age. The trigger role of herpes is possible, but not verified.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Art therapy with children surviving cancer used to relieve symptoms associated with death, loss and pain
Authors: Emilia C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Since dying is inevitable, it is part of life, children need to be able to deal with the feelings and emotions associated withs death, loss and pain. When the grieven child move among the art modalities, he or she is able to deepen understaning of his or her lived experiences.

Objectives

Our aim is to uncover these new perspectives and sources of inspiration in order to advance in defining the importance of resilience in personal development.

Methods

We made use of the following techniques: ceramic, drawing, modeling, painting, assemblage of unconventional materials, multimedia techniques, animation. Performing artworks, artefacts, or using craft arts are test activities for art therapy and occupational therapy. „…Contemporary visual arts bring together, in different degrees of relationship and fusion, fields of art that until now were understood and practiced more individually. The most suitable territory for this partnership is that of the physical and metaphysical environment, provided by the installationist and shareholder arts.” [2] A medical project was transformed into an artistic project [4]

Results

Given the diversity of non-verbal communication of the child, art therapy is not a simple accessory method in the therapeutic process of emotional disorders caused by grief of children, but a mandatory condition of it.

Conclusions

Given the diversity of non-verbal communication of the child, art therapy is not a simple accessory method in the therapeutic process of emotional disorders caused by grief of children, but a mandatory condition of it.

Disclosure

REFERENCES [1] Drăgan-Chirilă, Diana.(24-26.05 2018), Associate Professor Ph.D., University of Art and Design Cluj-Napoca, Romania, visual artist, Coordinator of the multimedia installation “Diagnostique” new media and multimedia performance instal
Elektra complex in dissociative identity disorder: A case report
Authors: Jain P. , Mudgal V. , Sardesai U. , Pal V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Dissociative identity disorder is a quite popular psychiatric diagnosis in general public but in actuality has a very low prevalence rate. Dissociative identity disorders are characterized by disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states with its own memories, behaviour, and preferences.

Objectives

Authors present a case report about a patient of Dissociative identity disorder with Elektra complex as unconscious conflict.

Methods

A case report along with literature review forms the basis of discussion.

Results

Mrs A, 30 years female, a housewife, belonging to low socioeconomic status, reported to the OPD, along with her husband. About 1 year ago her family members noticed that her behaviour and action became altered. Such alteration in behaviour was only episodic. A detailed evaluation was done and a diagnosis of Dissociative identity disorder was established. The treatment included psychotherapy facilitated by hypnosis addressing the conflict along with escitalopram 10 mg once a day and clonazepam 0.5mg at night, clonazepam was tapered and stopped within 1 month while escitalopram was hiked upto 20 mg and patient improved along with decrease DES scores.

Conclusions

In Freudian psychology the girl child identifies with her mother and represses her sexual feelings toward her father commonly known as the Elektra complex. In spite of trance and possession syndrome being more prevalent in countries like India, we urge to keep dissociative identity disorder as a differential in order to catch the eye of the clinicians and researchers on the recognition of clinical manifestation and exploration of therapeutic strategies.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
¿Do immigrant psychotic patients receive less psychotherapy assessment compared to non-immigrant psychotic patients?
Authors: Trabsa A. , Vargas L. , Llimona A. , Casanovas F. , Martín M. , Valiente A. , Moreno A. , Amann B. , Pérez-Solà V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Migration is a highly defining life event which can lead to mental distress. It constitutes an overall risk factor for psychiatric disorders. However, psychotherapeutic treatment in immigrant patients is considered to be more complex, and the outcome appears to be less favorable than in patients without a migration background.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to compare psychotherapy assessment between immigrant and non-immigrant psychotic patients in Barcelona.

Methods

Patients who have presented, according DSM-V criteria, one or more non-affective psychotic episodes, were recruited in Acute and Chronic inpatients units at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona), leading to a total sample of 77 patients. Demographic characteristics of patients, clinical data and main pharmacological treatment were recorded through a questionnaire. Database information was completed with electronic medical records. Comparative analysis was performed with IBM SPSS using Chi-Square and t-Student test

Results

From a total of 77 patients, 43 were immigrants and 34 were non-immigrants. From the total immigrants only 30,2% received psychotherapy compared to 79,4% from the non-immigrants. The most prevalent therapy received in both groups was cognitive behavioural therapy. From the immigrants group only 2,3% received psychoeducation compared to 11,8% from the non-immigrant group.

Conclusions

According to our results, there are important and significant differences in psychotherapy assessment in migrant psychotic patients. In order to improve the mental health treatment of immigrant patients, the reasons for this poor outcome need to be investigated. These results should be considered by clinicians in order to design assessment program for this population.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychotropic treatment in patients with arrhythmia: About a case
Authors: Suárez-Gómez M. , Sánchez Rus S.S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

It is knowed the relationship between psychological problems and cardiovascular disease. Pychological alterations can cause cardiovascular diseases, and a cardiovascular event can trigger psychological alterations.

Objectives

The aim was to present a clinical case about a young man with cardiovascular alterations and depressive symptoms and to analyze the role played by cardiovascular drugs, psychoactive drugs, and their interactions.

Methods

We present the clinical case and search the relation between cardiovascular disease and depressive symptoms and treatment at scientific literature of last five years.

Results

A 38-year-old man comes to the emergency room with symptoms of palpitations, fatigue and shortness of breath for 2 weeks. An electrocardiogram is performed showing premature ventricular beats. The patient reports that he is sadder recently due to the loss of work, for which he is prescribed sertraline 50 mg daily and is referred to cardiology. No medical history or consumption of alcohol, tobacco or other toxins. The cardiologist requests ergometry, echocardiography, and Holter monitoring, resulting in all normal tests, with no evidence of ischemia. Bisoprolol 2.5 mg daily is prescribed and sertraline 50 mg daily is maintained. After two months, the patient reports feeling better in spirit. The control electrocardiogram is normal and the patient reports disappearance of palpitations. You are referred to your family doctor.

Conclusions

Elevation of cortisol, platelet hyperactivity, and alteration in heart rate variability were found in depressives. The SSRIs would be the ones of choice. Dual serotonin and noraderaline reuptake inhibitors should be avoided. Other atypical drugs such as bupropion or trazodone should be considered.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Face tuning in female and male individuals with depression
Authors: Kubon J. , Sokolov A. , Popp R. , Fallgatter A. , Pavlova M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The current COVID-19 pandemic brings social isolation to our daily lives that may elevate depression. The impact of major depressive disorder (MDD) on social cognitive functioning is far from understood, but essential for prevention and treatment of this neuropsychiatric condition.

Objectives

Our aim was to examine (i) whether face tuning is lower in depression; and (ii) how it is related to other cognitive abilities (such as perceptional organization). Furthermore, we intended to clarify gender impact on face tuning in MDD, as twice more females are affected.

Methods

Using a recently developed paradigm, the Face-n-Food task, we examined face tuning in 26 patients with MDD and 26 person-by-person matched controls. The advantage of non-face images is that its single elements do not promote face processing.

Results

Strikingly, MDD individuals showed intact face tuning. As sex ratio in our patient sample was about 2:1 (as in MDD population in general), we recruited additional male patients and found that MDD male patients were as good as female patients. Yet, while face tuning in MDD patients showed a significant correlation with perceptual organization abilities, in controls, it was linked with social cognition.

Conclusions

The outcome suggests that the origins of aberrant social functioning in MDD lie in maladaptive cognitive schemas rather than in a lack of sensitivity towards social signals per se. To elucidate neural circuits involved in face tuning in MDD, a magnetoencephalography (MEG) study with the Face-n-Food images is currently under progress.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Anxiety in depression
Authors: Tahmazov E. , Robert G. , Walter M. , Lemey C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

There are different clinical forms combining anxiety and depression and it is essential to identify them because they will require different management. Among these clinical forms, there is that including anxiety as a symptom within the depressive episode: the anxious depression.

Objectives

The objective is to find the characteristics of this anxious depression.

Methods

We conducted a literature review on the PubMed® site giving access to the MEDLINE® database, as well as on the Google Scholar® search engine and retained 127 articles.

Results

By studying anxiety as a symptom of the depression, we identify on the pathophysiological level different neurobiological mechanisms (neuroanatomical, biological, immunological and endocrinological) involved in types of symptoms of different anxiety. Thus, by adopting a dimensional point of view, we can say that there are various anxiety symptoms which can be included in multiple forms of anxiety within the depression: psychic anxiety (anxiety and irritability), somatic anxiety (hypochondria, sweating, cardiological, respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary symptoms), motor anxiety (agitation), anxious arousal (somatic anxiety, fear, panic) or anxious apprehension (anticipatory anxiety and worry). The prognosis which emerges from it is of a more pejorative evolution, and has specificities on which an increased attention is required, such as suicidal behavior which is more frequently described for example. The treatment must be psychotherapeutic, sociotherapeutic, and medication by antidepressant treatment, with SSRIs in the first line.

Conclusions

It is therefore essential to identify the clinical presentation of the anxious depression because it has specific semiological, neurobiological, prognostic and therapeutic characteristics.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Fraga A. , Esteves-Sousa D. , Facucho-Oliveira J. , Albuquerque M. , Costa M. , Dos Santos P. Espada , Moura N. , Moutinho A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Major depressive disorder is a highly prevalent clinical condition, affecting more than 300 million individuals worldwide. About 1/3 of patients with MDD fail to achieve remission despite treatment with multiple antidepressants and are considered to have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Novel antidepressants with rapid and sustained effects on mood and cognition could represent a breakthrough in the TRD and may potentially improve or save lives. Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, more commonly found in the Psilocybe mushrooms has a combined serotonergic and glutamatergic action. The preliminary evidence of antidepressant effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy indicates the potential of psilocybin-assisted therapy as a novel antidepressant intervention.

Objectives

The authors elaborate a narrative literature review about the effects of Psilocybin-based therapy on patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant depression.

Methods

PubMed database searched using the terms “Treatment-Resistant Depression AND Psilocybin” and targeting clinical trials. References of selected articles and review articles were also assessed.

Results

2 articles evaluate psilocybin effects in 32 patients with TRD and showed that two doses of psilocybin alongside psychological support significantly reduces depressive symptoms. All patients presented some reduction in symptoms from baseline to one week after the second dose and reproduced immediate and substantial improvements in depression that ultimately could sustain up to 6 months.

Conclusions

Psilocybin-assisted therapy is a very appealing new possibility in the treatment of depression. However, due to the small populations of the existing trials, future studies are needed to prove this positive association and to fully understand Psilocybin’s mechanisms of actions and effects.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
“How many likes?”: The use of social media, body image insatisfaction and disordered eating
Authors: Dias I. , Hernâni-Eusébio J. , Silva R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Social media use has grown exponentially over the past few years, having a key role in communication among our youngsters. The impact of social media in mental health is still unclear. While some studies advocate that it increases social support and general satisfaction, others associate social media with the development of mental health issues. Social media can also perform some pressure regarding body image and eating behavior, caused by the idealistic appearance shown there in a very visual way.

Objectives

This review intends to identify the existing evidence regarding social media use, its impact on body image and eating behavior.

Methods

Search performed on May 11, 2020, including articles published since January 1st, 2006, written in Portuguese, English, Spanish and French. We used the MeSH terms ‘Body dissatisfaction’, ‘Body image’, ‘Feeding and eating disorders’, ‘Eating behaviors’ and ‘Social media’. The quality and strength of recommendation of the articles were evaluated using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) scale from the American Academy of Family Physicians.

Results

716 articles were initially found. Eight were selected: two systematic reviews, three cohort studies, two cross-sectional studies and one observational study.

Conclusions

This review presents studies that establish a correlation between social media use, body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, methodological and population heterogeneity can compromise the conclusions observed. With the current evidence, we can conclude that there is a relationship between the use of social media and changes in body image and/or eating behaviors in adolescents and young adults (SORT B).

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Diagnostic challenges presented by women with anorexia nervosa and elevated rates of autistic traits
Authors: Jeremias D. , Laginhas C. , Rodrigues D. , Moura A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) firstly emerged in the 80’s. Given the overlap in behavioural and cognitive features between these two seemingly different disorders, AN has been hypothesized to be a female phenotype of ASD.

Objectives

This report aims to describe a clinical case of an anorexic female patient diagnosed later in life with ASD, while presenting a bibliographic review on the subject.

Methods

After gaining consent, detailed information about the case history was collected and medical records were analysed and reviewed. A non-systematic literary review was performed on the Pubmed and Cochrane databases using the key words “anorexia nervosa”, “females”, “comorbidity” and “autism spectrum disorder”.

Results

The current case report is of a 28-year-old female, whose extremely low body weight and complete food refusal for three days prompted her first hospitalization in a psychiatric unit with the admission diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. However, long-term impairments in social interaction and flexibility, emotional difficulties and sensory processing overload were acknowledged and the primary diagnosis of ASD was then considered.

Conclusions

As illustrated in this case, the diagnosis of ASD should always be considered in females with eating disorders, in particular AN, regardless of age. As this neurodevelopmental condition appears to present differently in females, they also seem more likely to go underdiagnosed. Also, due to poorer treatment outcomes in females with both ASD and AN, the importance of developing a specialized approach and prompt referral of these patients is highlighted.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Preventive medicine for anorexia of female adolescent
Authors: Bracco L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Anorexia of females adolescents has a high mortality rate and heavy health, psychological, family consequences even in case of survival.

Objectives

To reduce the mortality rate and the consequences of anorexia by providing a theory that allows us to have early or even predictive diagnosis

Methods

25 years ago I found blood type (O, A, B, AB) difference between an anorexic patient and her mother. Pregnancy had been with placental detachment and birth was traumatic, presumed causes of a mother/daughter blood contact. From that day on, I checked, in the case of Anorexia of the Female Adolescent, the blood types of the anorexic girl and her mother.

Results

In my collection of data (more than 100 cases in 25 years): only the girls who have a different blood type (O, A, B, AB) from the mother are anorexic and from the patient’s history, we could think of a mother/daughter blood contact during the pregnancy. There are no exceptions in my data. My new theory is that Anorexia of the Female Adolescent, in addition to the girl’s psychological causes, needs a “conditio sine qua non” (a necessary but not sufficient condition): Different mother/daughter blood types (O,A,B,AB) and traumatic contact between the two blood types during pregnancy and/or birth”.

Conclusions

My theory facilitates early diagnosis (Preventive Medicine) by limiting observation, for Anorexia risk, to only daughters with a different blood type than that of the mother. Recognizing this “conditio sine qua non” for Anorexia of the Female Adolescent allows us an early diagnosis and a predictive hypothesis.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Remote psychoeducation for eating disorders: An exploratory study during lockdown
Authors: Cruchet L. , Scanferla E. , Laszcz A. , Gorwood P. , Romo L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

With increasing prevalence, eating disorders (EDs) constitute a public health problem. Access to treatment is limited and often delayed for the majority of patients. Such obstacles might be mitigated via the development of virtual treatments.

Objectives

Conducted during COVID-19 lockdown, this pilot study aimed to explore the feasibility and preliminary clinical outcomes associated with treatment of EDs by means of a remote psychoeducational (PE) programme.

Methods

Eleven patients who fulfilled DSM‐5 criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder completed assessments, including ED symptoms, anxiety and depression, as well as motivation to change measures at the beginning and end of the time-limited (4 weeks) specialized treatment. It consisted in receiving 4 PE documents by email (1 per week), which was completed by a 15-20 minutes phone call with each participant (1 per week).

Results

Data showed significant improvements of several self‐reported eating disorder symptoms, including body dissatisfaction and intensity of bulimic episodes.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that a time-limited remote PE intervention produces clinically meaningful changes in ED symptoms. Thus, it might be worth developing such interventions in a clinical context, especially when performed prior to higher level of care. Further research is required to evaluate optimised interventions using a more diverse sample from a plurality of treatment facilities and context of care, as well as research in a non-pandemic setting which may have impacted these exploratory study results.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Facebook as a Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia resource
Authors: Jordan G. Lladó , García M.D.C. Díaz , Díez B. Lozano , Sánchez P. Mediavilla , Del Barrio J.A. Gómez , Ayesa-Arriola R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

INTRODUCTION Facebook is the world’s leading social network with 2,449 million users. Around 22 million of those users are registered in Spain, and 30% of them are aged between 16 and 31. Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia pages have found a space to promote Eating Disorders (ED) as a ‘lifestyle’ using their own code.

Objectives

OBJECTIVE To study the characteristics of Pro-Ana and Pro-Mia Facebook profiles in Spanish.

Methods

METHODS A non-computerized research of Facebook pages related to ED advocacy was conducted. The opened time, publications, photos, type of profiles (public/private) and link to a WhatsApp group of 58 Facebook pages were analyzed. A qualitative and descriptive analysis was carried out.

Results

RESULTS From Facebook profiles: 62.07% contained ‘Ana’ in their profile name; 18.97% had been opened for more than 3 years; 79.31% had been shared; 48.28% mentioned Whatsapp groups; 91.38% were public profiles; 50% named other social networks; 75.86% added text to their publications; 25.86% had shared more than 20 photos on their profiles.

Conclusions

CONCLUSIONS On platforms like Facebook, people with ED can: advocate for their disease, set up networks, share tips/tricks and encourage other users to become part of their community. Technological developments have made it easier to access to this type of resources. Despite the platform’s policy, there are still these kind of profiles that make a case for ED.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
How to assess severity in males with eating disorders? The DSM-5 severity index versus severity based on drive for thinness
Authors: Dang A. , Krug I. , Granero R. , Agüera Z. , Sánchez I. , Riesco N. , Jimenez-Murcia S. , Fernandez-Aranda F.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) introduced severity indices for Eating Disorders (ED).

Objectives

This study assessed in a male ED sample the DSM-5 severity indices for Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and compared them to an alternative transdiagnostic drive for thinness (DT) severity category and a combined DSM-5/DT severity categorization

Methods

178 males with EDs were classified using: a.) a DT categorisation based on the EDI-2 DT subscale; b.) the DSM-5 severity categories for AN, BN and BED and c.) a combination of the DT and the DSM-5 severity categorisation. These severity classifications were then compared based on psychopathology and personality.

Results

For the DSM-5 severity indices, the “mild” category was most prevalent for AN and BN, and the “moderate to extreme” group for BED. For the EDI-2 DT severity classification, the “mild” category was overrepresented in all subtypes. For the combined DSM-5/DT categorization, the “mild combined” severity group was the most prevalent for AN, while for BN and BED the “severe/extreme” combined group was most prevalent. Clinically significant findings were strongest for the DT categorization followed by the combined DSM-5/DT approach. Almost non-significant findings were revealed for the DSM-5 severity categories for all ED subtypes. These findings were most pronounced for AN and BN and almost non-existent for BED.

Conclusions

Our findings provide support for DT as an alternative transdiagnostic severity category for EDs in males that may be more meaningful than the DSM-5 severity indices for AN and BN, but not BED.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the DSM-5 severity specifiers for eating disorders
Authors: Dang A. , Giles S. , Fernandez-Aranda F. , Kiropoulos L. , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The DSM-5 introduced severity indicies for the first time.

Objectives

We conducted a systematic review and synthesis the frequency of each DSM-5 severity categories (i.e., mild, moderate, severe and extreme severe) for Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorders (BED), and to evaluate studies that assess the clinical utility of these severity specifiers for all eating disorders (ED) subtypes.

Methods

Five databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and ProQuest) were used to identify for both academic and grey literature published from 2013 until July 8, 2020. Twenty-five studies were retrieved for the systematic review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and up to six studies were qualified for meta-analysis

Results

We found limited support for the current DSM-5 severity ratings for all ED indices, as the majority of ED severity groups were not significantly distinguishable in overall ED psychopathology (mean effect size ranged from .02 to .5). The value of the DSM-5 severity ratings was further devalued as 56.91% to 80.52% of individuals with AN, BN, and BED were categorized into mild and moderate groups. However, there was significant heterogeneity between the studies (p< .001), and some of these heterogeneities were explained by differences in study settings and measurement of eating disorder psychopathology.

Conclusions

Overall, the current study provided little support for the DSM-5 severity ratings for EDs, thus it is suggested that further exploration in alternative severity classification approach is needed.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.