bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of the universal thermopower in the Hubbard model
Authors: Wang Wen O. , Ding Jixun K. , Huang Edwin W. , Moritz Brian , Devereaux Thomas P.
Published: November 2023

As primarily an electronic observable, the room-temperature thermopower S in cuprates provides possibilities for a quantitative assessment of the Hubbard model. Using determinant quantum Monte Carlo, we demonstrate agreement between Hubbard model calculations and experimentally measured room-temperature S across multiple cuprate families, both qualitatively in terms of the doping dependence and quantitatively in terms of magnitude. We observe an upturn in S with decreasing temperatures, which possesses a slope comparable to that observed experimentally in cuprates. From our calculations, the doping at which S changes sign occurs in close proximity to a vanishing temperature dependence of the chemical potential at fixed density. Our results emphasize the importance of interaction effects in the systematic assessment of the thermopower S in cuprates.
Wnt activation disturbs cell competition and causes diffuse invasion of transformed cells through NF-κB-MMP21 pathway
Authors: Nakai Kazuki , Lin Hancheng , Yamano Shotaro , Tanaka Shinya , Kitamoto Sho , Saitoh Hitoshi , Sakuma Kenta , Kurauchi Junpei , Akter Eilma , Konno Masamitsu , Ishibashi Kojiro , Kamata Ryo , Ohashi Akihiro , Koseki Jun , Takahashi Hirotaka , Yokoyama Hideshi , Shiraki Yukihiro , Enomoto Atsushi , Abe Sohei , Hayakawa Yoku , Ushiku Tetsuo , Mutoh Michihiro , Fujita Yasuyuki , Kon Shunsuke
Published: November 2023

Normal epithelial cells exert their competitive advantage over RasV12-transformed cells and eliminate them into the apical lumen via cell competition. However, the internal or external factors that compromise cell competition and provoke carcinogenesis remain elusive. In this study, we examine the effect of sequential accumulation of gene mutations, mimicking multi-sequential carcinogenesis on RasV12-induced cell competition in intestinal epithelial tissues. Consequently, we find that the directionality of RasV12-cell extrusion in Wnt-activated epithelia is reversed, and transformed cells are delaminated into the basal lamina via non-cell autonomous MMP21 upregulation. Subsequently, diffusively infiltrating, transformed cells develop into highly invasive carcinomas. The elevated production of MMP21 is elicited partly through NF-κB signaling, blockage of which restores apical elimination of RasV12 cells. We further demonstrate that the NF-κB-MMP21 axis is significantly bolstered in early colorectal carcinoma in humans. Collectively, this study shows that cells with high mutational burdens exploit cell competition for their benefit by behaving as unfit cells, endowing them with an invasion advantage.
Lipofuscin-like autofluorescence within microglia and its impact on studying microglial engulfment
Authors: Stillman Jacob M. , Mendes Lopes Francisco , Lin Jing-Ping , Hu Kevin , Reich Daniel S. , Schafer Dorothy P.
Published: November 2023

Engulfment of cellular material and proteins is a key function for microglia, a resident macrophage of the central nervous system (CNS). Among the techniques used to measure microglial engulfment, confocal light microscopy has been used the most extensively. Here, we show that autofluorescence (AF) likely due to lipofuscin (lipo-AF) and typically associated with aging, can also be detected within microglial lysosomes in the young mouse brain by light microscopy. This lipo-AF signal accumulates first within microglia and it occurs earliest in white versus gray matter. Importantly, in gray matter, lipo-AF signal can confound the interpretation of antibody-labeled synaptic material within microglia in young adult mice. We further show that there is an age-dependent accumulation of lipo-AF inside and outside of microglia, which is not affected by amyloid plaques. We finally implement a robust and cost-effective strategy to quench AF in mouse, marmoset, and human brain tissue.
To investigate the mechanism of Yiwei Decoction in the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency-related osteoporosis using transcriptomics, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques
Authors: Fan Weisen , Meng Yan , Zhang Jing , Li Muzhen , Zhang Yingjie , Qu Xintian , Xiu Xin
Published: November 2023

To investigate the molecular mechanism of Yiwei Decoction (YWD) in preventing Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)-related osteoporosis from the hypothalamic perspective , and to screen for the key active and acting molecules in YWD. Cyclophosphamide was used to create the POI rat model. Groups A, B, and C were established. The Model + YWD group was group A, the model control group was group B, and the normal control group was group C. ELISA was used to determine serum GnRH and FSH levels after gavage. The transcription levels of mRNAs in each group's hypothalamus tissues were examined using RNA-seq sequencing technology. The GSEA method was used to enrich pathways based on the gene expression levels of each group. The TCM–active ingredient–target–disease network map was created using differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and network pharmacology. The molecular docking method was employed to investigate the affinity of the active ingredient with key targets. GnRH and FSH levels in POI rats' serum were reduced by YWD. Between groups A and B, there were 638 DEmRNAs (P < 0.05) and 55 high-significance DEmRNAs (P-adjust < 0.01). The MAPK, Hedgehog, Calcium, and B cell receptor pathways are primarily enriched in DEmRNAs from Group A and Group B. The GSEA pathway enrichment analysis indicates that YWD may regulate Long-term potentiation, Amphetamine addiction, and the Renin-angiotensin system and play a role in preventing osteoporosis. The Chinese herbal medicine (CHM)—Active ingredient-Target-disease network map includes 137 targets, 4 CHMs, and 22 active ingredients. The result of docking indicated that Stigmasterol, interacts well with the core proteins ALB, VCL and KAT5. Following the screening, we identified the targets, active components, and key pathways associated with YWD osteoporosis prevention. Most of these key targets and pathways are associated with osteoporosis, but further experimental validation is required.
Lithic usewear confirms the function of Wilamaya Patjxa projectile points
Authors: Smallwood Ashley , Haas Randall , Jennings Thomas
Published: November 2023

Approximately 9000 years ago at the Andean highland site of Wilamaya Patjxa, forager communities interred female and male individuals with projectile points, suggesting that large-mammal hunting may have been a gender neutral activity among that community. We report a lithic usewear analysis, which confirms that the ostensible projectile points were indeed used as projectile points. The data further reveal evidence of cutting and hide scraping consistent with animal processing activities. A new radiocarbon date shows that the female and male individuals were contemporaries, or nearly so, sometime between 9.0 and 8.7 cal. ka. These findings support a model of early subsistence practices in which both female and male individuals at Wilamaya Patjxa hunted large mammals.
Nordic hamstring exercises in functional knee rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective, randomised, controlled study
Authors: Chen JiaWei , Wu TianYu , Guo Ying
Published: November 2023

To study the effect of using Nordic hamstring exercise method on muscle strength and knee joint stability of patients after ACL reconstruction. 60 patients admitted to our hospital for ACL reconstruction were randomly divided into a test group (n = 30, applying Nordic hamstring exercise) and a control group (n = 30, applying conventional rehabilitation training methods), and the difference in the circumference of the thighs of the patients in the two groups was analysed after training, and the peak torque (PT), total torque (PT), and flexion and extension strength were measured by using the Biodex system3 Multi-joint Isokinetic Testing System at knee joints with an angular velocity of 60°/s and 120°/s. The peak torque (PT), total work (TW), and average peak torque (AVG PT) were measured by extension and flexion strength at angular velocity, and the Lysholm Knee Score was used to assess the knee function of 60 patients. There was no difference in the difference in thigh circumference between the two groups before surgery (P > 0.05); the difference in thigh circumference between the patients in the test group at 12 and 24 weeks after surgery was (− 0.35 ± 0.22) cm and (0.12 ± 0.03) cm, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group, (− 0.51 ± 0.15) cm and (− 0.41 ± 0.34) cm (P < 0.05). At the 12th and 24th postoperative weeks, the popliteal muscle strength of both groups was improved compared with that before surgery; among them, by comparing the popliteal peak moments with different angular velocities, the ratio of popliteal peak moment on the affected side/peak moment on the healthy side of the popliteal muscle of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05), but there was still a gap compared with that of the healthy side. The Lachmen test and the anterior drawer test were negative in the test and control groups at the 24th postoperative week of review, and the anterior tibial shift was < 5 mm in the KT-1000 test, and the difference in the anterior shift was < 3 mm compared with the healthy side, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. By Nordic hamstring exercise can make patients after knee ACL reconstruction reduce patient pain, accelerate the recovery of knee function, improve the swelling of the lower limb, reach the level of flexor strength of the healthy side within 24 weeks, and can increase the stability of the knee joint.
Humor appreciation can be predicted with machine learning techniques
Authors: Rosenbusch Hannes , Visser Thomas
Published: November 2023

Humor research is supposed to predict whether something is funny. According to its theories and observations, amusement should be predictable based on a wide variety of variables. We test the practical value of humor appreciation research in terms of prediction accuracy. We find that machine learning methods (boosted decision trees) can indeed predict humor appreciation with an accuracy close to its theoretical ceiling. However, individual demographic and psychological variables, while replicating previous statistical findings, offer only negligible gains in accuracy. Successful predictions require previous ratings by the same rater, unless highly specific interactions between rater and joke content can be assessed. We discuss implications for humor research, and offer advice for practitioners designing content recommendations engines or entertainment platforms, as well as other research fields aiming to review their practical usefulness.
In vitro modelling of local gene therapy with IL-15/IL-15Rα and a PD-L1 antagonist in melanoma reveals an interplay between NK cells and CD4+ T cells
Authors: Awad Robin Maximilian , De Vlaeminck Yannick , Meeus Fien , Ertveldt Thomas , Zeven Katty , Ceuppens Hannelore , Goyvaerts Cleo , Verdonck Magali , Salguero Gustavo , Raes Geert , Devoogdt Nick , Breckpot Karine
Published: November 2023

Blockade of the immune checkpoint axis consisting of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 alleviates the functional inhibition of tumor-infiltrating lymphoid cells yet weakly induces their expansion. Exogenous cytokines could further expand lymphoid cells and thus synergize with αPD-L1 therapy. However, systemic delivery of most cytokines causes severe toxicity due to unspecific expansion of immune cells in the periphery. Here, we modelled local delivery of cytokines and αPD-L1 therapeutics to immune cell-containing in vitro melanoma tumors. Three-dimensional tumor models consisting of 624-MEL cells were co-cultured with human peripheral blood lymphoid cells (PBLs) in presence of the cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-21 and IFN-γ. To model local gene therapy, melanoma tumors were modified with lentiviral vectors encoding IL-15 fused to IL-15Rα (IL-15/IL-15Rα) and K2-Fc, a fusion of a human PD-L1 specific single domain antibody to immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 Fc. To evaluate the interplay between PBL fractions, NK cells, CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T cells were depleted. Tumor cell killing was followed up using real time imaging and immune cell expansion and activation was evaluated with flow cytometry. Among the tested cytokines, IL-15 was the most potent cytokine in stimulating tumor cell killing and expanding both natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells. Gene-based delivery of IL-15/IL-15Rα to tumor cells, shows expansion of NK cells, activation of NK cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and killing of tumor spheroids. Both NK cells and CD8+ T cells are necessary for tumor cell killing and CD4+ T-cell activation was reduced without NK cells. Co-delivery of K2-Fc improved tumor cell killing coinciding with increased activation of NK cells, which was independent of bystander T cells. CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were not affected by the co-delivery of K2-Fc even though NK-cell activation impacted CD4+ T-cell activation. This study demonstrates that gene-based delivery of IL-15/IL-15Rα to tumor cells effectively mediates anti-tumor activity and sensitizes the tumor microenvironment for therapy with αPD-L1 therapeutics mainly by impacting NK cells. These findings warrant further investigation of gene-based IL-15 and K2-Fc delivery in vivo.
Evidence of diverse animal exploitation during the Middle Paleolithic at Ghar-e Boof (southern Zagros)
Authors: Mata-González Mario , Starkovich Britt M. , Zeidi Mohsen , Conard Nicholas J.
Published: November 2023

Although Middle Paleolithic (MP) hominin diets consisted mainly of ungulates, increasing evidence demonstrates that hominins at least occasionally consumed tortoises, birds, leporids, fish, and carnivores. Until now, the MP zooarchaeological record in the Zagros Mountains has been almost exclusively restricted to ungulates. The narrow range of hominin prey may reflect socioeconomic decisions and/or environmental constraints, but could also result from a research bias favoring the study of large prey, since archaeologists have undertaken no systematic taphonomic analyses of small game or carnivores in the region. Here, we report on the first comprehensive taphonomic analysis of an MP faunal assemblage from Ghar-e Boof (∼ 81–45 kyr), a Late Pleistocene site in the southern Zagros of Iran. Anthropogenic bone surface modifications point to hominins as the main agent of accumulation. Hominins preyed primarily on ungulates, particularly wild goat. However, we also found evidence for MP hominin exploitation of carnivores and tortoises at the site. Although small game represents only a minor portion of the diet, our results suggest that the hunting behavior of MP hominins in the Zagros was more diverse than previously thought, similar to what we find elsewhere in Eurasia.
Long-term association of ultra-short heart rate variability with cardiovascular events
Authors: Orini Michele , van Duijvenboden Stefan , Young William J. , Ramírez Julia , Jones Aled R. , Hughes Alun D. , Tinker Andrew , Munroe Patricia B. , Lambiase Pier D.
Published: November 2023

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a cardiac autonomic marker with predictive value in cardiac patients. Ultra-short HRV (usHRV) can be measured at scale using standard and wearable ECGs, but its association with cardiovascular events in the general population is undetermined. We aimed to validate usHRV measured using ≤ 15-s ECGs (using RMSSD, SDSD and PHF indices) and investigate its association with atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiac events, stroke and mortality in individuals without cardiovascular disease. In the National Survey for Health and Development (n = 1337 participants), agreement between 15-s and 6-min HRV, assessed with correlation analysis and Bland–Altman plots, was very good for RMSSD and SDSD and good for PHF. In the UK Biobank (n = 51,628 participants, 64% male, median age 58), after a median follow-up of 11.5 (11.4–11.7) years, incidence of outcomes ranged between 1.7% and 4.3%. Non-linear Cox regression analysis showed that reduced usHRV from 15-, 10- and 5-s ECGs was associated with all outcomes. Individuals with low usHRV (< 20th percentile) had hazard ratios for outcomes between 1.16 and 1.29, p < 0.05, with respect to the reference group. In conclusion, usHRV from ≤ 15-s ECGs correlates with standard short-term HRV and predicts increased risk of cardiovascular events in a large population-representative cohort.
Investigating the role of aae-miR-34-5p in the regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Hussain Mazhar , Qi Zhi , Hedges Lauren M. , Nouzova Marcela , Noriega Fernando G. , Asgari Sassan
Published: November 2023

Juvenile hormone (JH) controls the development and reproduction of insects. Therefore, a tight regulation of the expression of JH biosynthetic enzymes is critical. microRNAs (miRNAs) play significant roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by interacting with complementary sequences in target genes. Previously, we reported that several miRNAs were differentially expressed during three developmental stages of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with different JH levels (no JH, high JH, and low JH). One of these miRNAs was aae-miR-34-5p. In this study, we identified the presence of potential target sequences of aae-miR-34-5p in the transcripts of some genes encoding JH biosynthetic enzymes. We analysed the developmental expression patterns of aae-miR-34-5p and the predicted target genes involved in JH biogenesis. Increases in miRNA abundance were followed, with a delay, by decreases in transcript levels of target genes. Application of an inhibitor and a mimic of aae-miR-34-5p led respectively to increased and decreased levels of thiolase transcripts, which is one of the early genes of JH biosynthesis. Female adult mosquitoes injected with an aae-miR-34-5p inhibitor exhibited significantly increased transcript levels of three genes encoding JH biosynthetic enzymes, acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (thiolase), farnesyl diphosphate phosphatase, and farnesal dehydrogenase. Overall, our results suggest a potential role of miRNAs in JH production by directly targeting genes involved in its biosynthesis.
In silico SNP prediction of selected protein orthologues in insect models for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington’s diseases
Authors: Al-Ayari Eshraka A. , Shehata Magdi G. , EL-Hadidi Mohamed , Shaalan Mona G.
Published: November 2023

Alzheimer's, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s are the most common neurodegenerative diseases that are incurable and affect the elderly population. Discovery of effective treatments for these diseases is often difficult, expensive, and serendipitous. Previous comparative studies on different model organisms have revealed that most animals share similar cellular and molecular characteristics. The meta-SNP tool includes four different integrated tools (SIFT, PANTHER, SNAP, and PhD-SNP) was used to identify non synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNPs). Prediction of nsSNPs was conducted on three representative proteins for Alzheimer's, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases; APPl in Drosophila melanogaster, LRRK1 in Aedes aegypti, and VCPl in Tribolium castaneum. With the possibility of using insect models to investigate neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude from the protein comparative analysis between different insect models and nsSNP analyses that D. melanogaster is the best model for Alzheimer’s representing five nsSNPs of the 21 suggested mutations in the APPl protein. Aedes aegypti is the best model for Parkinson’s representing three nsSNPs in the LRRK1 protein. Tribolium castaneum is the best model for Huntington’s disease representing 13 SNPs of 37 suggested mutations in the VCPl protein. This study aimed to improve human neural health by identifying the best insect to model Alzheimer's, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s.
Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Salamah Hazem Mohamed , Marey Ahmed , Elsayed Esraa , Hasan Mohammed Tarek , Mahmoud Abdelrahman , Abualkhair Khaled Alsayed , Abo-elnour Dina Essam , Abdelhaleem Ibrahim Abdelmonaem , Abd-Elgawad Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEX168) is a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist with a longer half-life developed by modifying the chemical structure of exenatide. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of PEX168 and determine the best dose. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception to April 25, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PEX168 therapy alone or in combination with metformin versus other therapies. We used the risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and the mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes, both with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Six RCTs, including 1248 participants, were included. PEX168 added to metformin was significantly better than metformin alone regarding fasting blood glucose (MD = −1.20, 95% CI (−1.78,  − 0.62), p < 0.0001), HbA1c (MD = −1.01, 95% CI (−1.48,  − 0.53), p < 0.0001), and postprandial glycemia (MD = −1.94, 95% CI (−2.99,  − 0.90), p = 0.0003). Similarly, for glycemic control, PEX168 monotherapy was superior to placebo (P < 0.05). No significant effects were noticed in terms of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, or high-density lipoprotein (p > 0.05). Body weight was significantly reduced in obese diabetic patients receiving PEX168 compared to the control group (MD = −5.46, 95% CI (−7.90,  − 3.01), p < 0.0001) but not in non-obese patients (MD = 0.06, 95% CI (−0.47, 0.59), p = 0.83). People who received PEX168 alone or with metformin showed more common gastrointestinal adverse effects, especially nausea and vomiting (p < 0.05). PEX168 100, 200, and 300 ug monotherapy demonstrated comparable safety and diabetes control to metformin, but when combined with metformin, PEX168 100 and 200 ug showed significant effects on diabetes control; however, only the latter showed a significantly higher incidence of nausea and vomiting (p < 0.05). PEX168 could be a viable option for treating diabetic patients whose metformin control is inadequate or who cannot tolerate metformin. PEX168 at 100 ug in combination with metformin was found to be safe and more effective compared to metformin; however, due to the small number of trials included, these findings should be interpreted with caution, and additional trials are required.
A duplex droplet digital PCR assay for absolute quantification and characterization of long self-amplifying RNA
Authors: Casmil Irafasha C. , Huang Cynthia , Blakney Anna K.
Published: November 2023

Self-amplifying messenger ribonucleic acid (saRNA) provides extended expression of genes of interest by encoding an alphavirus-derived RNA replicase and thus is 2–3 times larger than conventional messenger RNA. However, quality assessment of long RNA transcripts is challenging using standard techniques. Here, we utilized a multiplex droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to assess the quality of saRNA produced from an in vitro transcription reaction and the replication kinetics in human cell lines. Using the one-step reverse transcription ddPCR, we show that an in vitro transcription generates 50–60% full-length saRNA transcripts. However, we note that the two-step reverse transcription ddPCR assay results in a 20% decrease from results obtained using the one-step and confirmed using capillary gel electrophoresis. Additionally, we provided three formulas that differ in the level of stringency and assumptions made to calculate the fraction of intact saRNA. Using ddPCR, we also showed that subgenomic transcripts of saRNA were 19-to-108-fold higher than genomic transcripts at different hours post-transfection of mammalian cells in copies. Therefore, we demonstrate that multiplex ddPCR is well suited for quality assessment of long RNA and replication kinetics of saRNA based on absolute quantification.
Estimating optimum and base selection indices in plant and animal breeding programs by development new and simple SAS and R codes
Authors: Rahimi Mehdi , Debnath Sandip
Published: November 2023

Selection of desirable genotypes or progenies is perhaps the most important practical method in plant and animal breeding programs. The selection index method is the most useful method to choose superior genotypes based on using simultaneous several traits. The optimum and base selection indices are the two indicators that are most used in plant and animal breeding. In this paper, a simple and practical code was developed for the analysis of optimum, base, and Pesek and Baker selection indices. Four different criteria were used to evaluate the selection index, and the phenotypic and genotypic variance–covariance matrix of traits was obtained based on statistical or genetical design. Moreover, an index that was more efficient on these coefficients was used for the breeding program. The results showed that simultaneous selection for the important traits desired by the breeder through economic values such as heritability, genetic, or phenotypic correlation is the most effective method for selecting the best genotypes. Therefore, the best progeny or genotype can be selected to use in breeding programs. This program provides detailed information on selection indices of segregation and natural populations involving any number of individuals or genotypes. These codes are much easier and simpler than other programs and provide more information than other programs. This code is easy to execute in both R and SAS programs.
The inverse association between DNA gaps and HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Thongsroy Jirapan , Mutirangura Apiwat
Published: November 2023

Naturally occurring DNA gaps have been observed in eukaryotic DNA, including DNA in nondividing cells. These DNA gaps are found less frequently in chronologically aging yeast, chemically induced senescence cells, naturally aged rats, d-galactose-induced aging model rats, and older people. These gaps function to protect DNA from damage, so we named them youth-associated genomic stabilization DNA gaps (youth-DNA-gaps). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) is characterized by an early aging phenotype. Here, we explored the correlation between youth-DNA-gaps and the severity of type 2 DM. Here, we investigated youth-DNA-gaps in white blood cells from normal controls, pre-DM, and type 2 DM patients. We found significantly decreased youth-DNA-gap numbers in the type 2 DM patients compared to normal controls (P = 0.0377, P = 0.0018 adjusted age). In the type 2 DM group, youth-DNA-gaps correlate directly with HbA1c levels. (r = − 0.3027, P = 0.0023). Decreased youth-DNA-gap numbers were observed in patients with type 2 DM and associated with increased HbA1c levels. Therefore, the decrease in youth-DNA-gaps is associated with the molecular pathogenesis of high blood glucose levels. Furthermore, youth-DNA-gap number is another marker that could be used to determine the severity of type 2 DM.
The geological factors affecting gas content and permeability of coal seam and reservoir characteristics in Wenjiaba block, Guizhou province
Authors: Feng Cong , Li Xijian , Yang Rui , Cai Junjie , Sui Hao , Xie Honggao , Wang Ziyi
Published: November 2023

The gas content and permeability of coal reservoirs are the main factors affecting the productivity of coalbed methane. To explore the law of gas content and permeability of coal reservoirs in the Zhijin area of Guizhou, taking No.16, No.27 and No.30 coal seams in Wenjiaba mining area of Guizhou as the engineering background, based on the relevant data of coalbed methane exploration in Wenjiaba block, the geological structure, coal seam thickness, coal quality characteristics,coal seam gas content and permeability of the area were studied utilizing geological exploration, analysis of coal components and methane adsorption test. The results show that the average thickness of coal seams in this area is between 1.32 and 1.85 m; the average buried depth of the coal seam is in the range of 301.3–384.2 m; the gas content of No.16 and No.27 coal seams is higher in the syncline core. The gas content of the No.30 coal seam forms a gas-rich center in the south of the mining area. The buried depth and gas content of coal seams in the study area show a strong positive correlation. Under the same pressure conditions, the adsorption capacity of dry ash-free basis is significantly higher than that of air-dried coal. The permeability decreases exponentially with the horizontal maximum principal stress and the horizontal minimum principal stress. The horizontal maximum primary stress and the flat minimum prominent stress increase with the increase of the buried depth of the coal seam. The permeability and coal seam burial depth decrease exponentially. This work can provide engineering reference and theoretical support for selecting high-yield target areas for CBM enrichment in the block.
Facile preparation, characterization, and investigation of mechanical strength of Starchy NaCl-binder as a lightweight construction material
Authors: Fahmi Ahmad , Zavaragh Sohrab Rafati , Hanafi Mohammad Reza , Rahimpour Hamed , Zinatloo-Ajabshir Sahar , Asghari Ali
Published: November 2023

Sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as salt, is a substance that is utilized in a variety of businesses, including the tourism and construction industries. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to accommodate a salt-based building material called NaCl-binder for tourist and industrial applications. By utilizing salt mortar with varying grain sizes, food-grade corn starch as an exclusive binder agent (without using any non-starch binder), and water under microwave-cured conditions, environmentally friendly hydrophobic hybrid NaCl-binder samples with low bulk density were successfully produced. The fabrication of these samples involved an inventive utilization of small quantities of starch. This study evaluated the impact of microwave exposure time on the strength of salt samples, particle interconnectivity and chemical composition using SEM, XRD, and XRF analyses. The compressive strength of the samples showed a remarkable increase, with a 600% improvement when using 0 to 1% corn starch, and a 137% increment when using 1 to 10% corn starch, indicating a lower rate of increment with higher starch consumption. A key aspect of this research is the significant reduction in starch consumption compared to other corn starch-based materials during the manufacturing process of the incorporated materials, highlighting its novelty and importance.
A ketogenic diet can mitigate SARS-CoV-2 induced systemic reprogramming and inflammation
Authors: Palermo Amelia , Li Shen , ten Hoeve Johanna , Chellappa Akshay , Morris Alexandra , Dillon Barbara , Ma Feiyang , Wang Yijie , Cao Edward , Shabane Byourak , Acín-Perez Rebeca , Petcherski Anton , Lusis A. Jake , Hazen Stanley , Shirihai Orian S. , Pellegrini Matteo , Arumugaswami Vaithilingaraja , Graeber Thomas G. , Deb Arjun
Published: November 2023

The ketogenic diet (KD) has demonstrated benefits in numerous clinical studies and animal models of disease in modulating the immune response and promoting a systemic anti-inflammatory state. Here we investigate the effects of a KD on systemic toxicity in mice following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data indicate that under KD, SARS-CoV-2 reduces weight loss with overall improved animal survival. Muted multi-organ transcriptional reprogramming and metabolism rewiring suggest that a KD initiates and mitigates systemic changes induced by the virus. We observed reduced metalloproteases and increased inflammatory homeostatic protein transcription in the heart, with decreased serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-15, IL-22, G-CSF, M-CSF, MCP-1), metabolic markers of inflammation (i.e., kynurenine/tryptophane ratio), and inflammatory prostaglandins, indicative of reduced systemic inflammation in animals infected under a KD. Taken together, these data suggest that a KD can alter the transcriptional and metabolic response in animals following SARS-CoV-2 infection with improved mice health, reduced inflammation, and restored amino acid, nucleotide, lipid, and energy currency metabolism.
Morphology controlled performance of ternary layered oxide cathodes
Authors: Meng Zifei , Ma Xiaotu , Azhari Luqman , Hou Jiahui , Wang Yan
Published: November 2023

With the rapid advancement of electric vehicle technologies, ternary layered oxide cathodes in commercial Li-ion batteries have become increasingly promising due to their high energy density and low cost. However, the need for higher energy density and cell stability has posed significant challenges in their development. While various coating and doping strategies have been demonstrated to improve the rate and cycle performance of cathode materials, morphology-focused modifications of these cathodes are sometimes overlooked, despite their impact on electrochemical performance. Herein, this review focuses on the morphological relationship of cathode materials to their electrochemical performance. We summarize the effects of cathode materials morphology on Li-ion diffusion and stability. We also discuss the recent advances in the development of cathode materials with different morphologies. Finally, we present future perspectives for the design of cathode materials with optimized morphologies to promote their commercialization and fundamental research.
Basics of Microwave Heating and Recent Advances
Authors: Meloni E. , Iervolino G. , Palma V.
Published: November 2023

Since the late 1980s, the scientific community has been attracted toward the application of microwave energy as an alternative method of heating due to its advantages over conventional heating technologies. In fact, differently from conventional heating technologies, the microwave heating mechanism is a volumetric process in which heat is generated within the material itself, and, consequently, it can be very rapid and selective. In this way, the microwave-susceptible material can absorb the energy of the microwaves. The application of the microwave heating technique to a chemical process can lead to both a reduction in processing time as well as an increase in the production rate, which is obtained by enhancing the chemical reactions and results in energy saving. Microwave radiation has been used for the synthesis and sintering of materials for more than 20 years; the future challenges will be, among others, the development of processes with lower greenhouse gas (e.g., CO2) emissions and the discovery of novel energy-saving catalytic reactions. A natural choice in such efforts would be the combination of catalysis and microwave radiation. The main aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the basics of microwave heating and the recent advances in microwave reactors. The chapter is divided into three principal sections: (i) an introduction to microwave chemistry and microwave materials processing; (ii) a description of the loss mechanisms and microwave-specific effects in heterogeneous catalysis; and (iii) new challenges and recent advances in microwave reactors.
Unveiling the electronic and structural consequences of removing two electrons from B12H122−
Authors: Hernández-Juárez Gerardo , Vásquez-Espinal Alejandro , Murillo Fernando , Quintal Alan , Ortíz-Chi Filiberto , Zarate Ximena , Barroso Jorge , Merino Gabriel
Published: November 2023

After an exhaustive exploration of the potential energy surface, a new, more stable neutral B12H12 structure was found, featuring a 3-center-2-electron bond between B12H10 and H2.
Enhancing the electrocatalytic activities of metal organic frameworks for the oxygen evolution reaction with bimetallic groups
Authors: Li Yumeng , Thomas Belvin , Tang Chaoyun , Asefa Tewodros
Published: November 2023

Controlling the ratio of metals in bimetallic organic frameworks (MOFs) can not only alter the structures but also tailor the properties of MOFs, including their electrocatalytic properties.
Influence of the organic cation on the formation of hexahalotechnetates: X-ray, thermal and comparative analyses of non-covalent interactions
Authors: Novikov Anton P. , Zagidullin Karim A. , Volkov Mikhail A. , German Konstantin E. , Nevolin Iurii M. , Grigoriev Mikhail S.
Published: November 2023

Eight new compounds of hexachlorotechnetate(iv) were synthesized and characterized. A comparative analysis of non-covalent interactions was conducted, and the dependence of the thermal stability of the synthesized compounds was investigated.
Metal-free amorphous carbon nitride with N-vacancies for efficient photocatalytic decontamination: a case of peroxydisulfate-based nonradical oxidation mechanism
Authors: Wei Dandan , Wang Yingfei , Wu Linxi , Liu Dezhu , Fang Zheng , Chen Ping , Liu Haijin , Lv Wenying , Liu Guoguang
Published: November 2023

The elaborate design of the peroxydisulfate-based nonradical oxidation process. Nitrogen vacancies enhanced the surface affinity between the catalyst and PDS, and thus, the formation of the key complex (i.e., ACN–PDS*).
Differences between soluble and insoluble undenatured type II collagen in improving osteoarthritis in rats and their potential mechanisms
Authors: Xu Rong , Du Yulan , Li Xiaomin , Mao Xinliang , Zheng Lin , Zhao Mouming
Published: November 2023

The differences in the improvement effects of SC II, IC II and celecoxib on MIA-induced osteoarthritis model rats were compared, and the results suggest SC II may be superior to IC II in improving osteoarthritis in rats.
An electrochemical immunosensor based on a carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube-silver nanoparticle-chitosan functional layer for the detection of fipronil
Authors: Huang Wen-Chien , Hsiung You-Ning , Li Chia-Ling
Published: November 2023

Fipronil (FP) is a very effective phenylpyrazole insecticide and is now widely used in agriculture.
Alkylation and silylation of α-fluorobenzyl anion intermediates
Authors: Kitahara Taku , Tagami Yuta , Haga Yuto , Fustero Santos , Sugiishi Tsuyuka , Amii Hideki
Published: November 2023

Simple α-fluorobenzyl anions reacted with electrophiles such as non-activated alkyl halides and chlorotrimethylsilane.
Recent progress in reductive carboxylation of C–O bonds with CO2
Authors: Behmagham Farnaz , Abdullah Media Noori , Saied Shakir Mahmood , Azeez Maha Dhurgham , Abbass Russul R. , Adhab Ayat Hussein , Vessally Esmail
Published: November 2023

This review describes recent developments on incorporation of CO2 into alcohols and some of their derivatives via C–O bond cleavage. Issues pertaining to reagents and mechanisms are discussed.
An advanced PdNPs@MoS2 nanocomposite for efficient oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Aftab Umair , Solangi Muhammad Yameen , Tahira Aneela , Hanan Abdul , Abro Muhammad Ishaq , Karsy Amal , Dawi Elmuez , Bhatti Muhammad Ali , Alshammari Riyadh H. , Nafady Ayman , Gradone Alessandro , Mazzaro Raffaello , Morandi Vittorio , Infantes-Molina Antonia , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain
Published: November 2023

A palladium nanoparticle-decorated MoS2 layered structure for the efficient oxygen evolution reaction.
Interference micro/nanolenses of salts for local modulation of Raman scattering
Authors: Kim Yun-Tae , Lee Cheongha , Lim Seongyeop , Lee Chang Young
Published: November 2023

We investigate local modulation of Raman scattering by the interference within a single micro/nanolens of a hygroscopic salt.
Facile synthesis of telechelic poly(phenylene sulfide)s by means of electron-deficient aromatic sulfonium electrophiles
Authors: Watanabe Seigo , Nishio Hiromichi , Oyaizu Kenichi
Published: November 2023

This paper reports a facile synthesis of telechelic poly(phenylene sulfide)s through the Friedel–Crafts type electrophilic substitution of the poly(phenylene sulfide) precursors and the halogenated electron-deficient aromatic sulfonium cation.
Promoting the stability of organic photovoltaics by planar heterojunction optimization
Authors: Lan Weixia , Gao Xiaohui , Wu Xian , Ding Qiqi , Shi Wei , Liao Yingjie , Liu Yuanyuan , Tsoi Wing Chung , Wei Bin
Published: November 2023

In organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layer, the donor and acceptor materials have a metastable nanoscale phase mixture, where the uncontrollable morphology greatly reduces the stability of the device.
Coacervate or precipitate? Formation of non-equilibrium microstructures in coacervate emulsions
Authors: Edwards Chelsea E. R. , Lakkis Kareem L. , Luo Yimin , Helgeson Matthew E.
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate the flow-induced formation of aggregated “precipitates” from coacervate emulsions, characterize their relaxation by interfacial coarsening, and discuss the implications for non-equilibrium processing of polyelectrolyte complexes.
Coupling PtZn intermetallic and atomically dispersed cobalt towards efficient and stable oxygen reduction reaction catalysts
Authors: Zhao Lei , Qi Xueqiang , Yang Tingting , Xiong Pei , Niu Xiaobin , Jiang Jinxia , Xue Qian , Yu Le , Chen Jun Song , Cabot Andreu , Wu Rui
Published: November 2023

A strong metal–support interaction between PtZn intermetallic and CoNx sites is developed to boost the overall oxygen reduction performance.
Optimizing performance of a reduced switch multi‐level inverter with moth‐flame algorithm and SHE‐PWM
Authors: Shanono Ibrahim Haruna , Abdullah Nor Rul Hasma , Daniyal Hamdan , Muhammad Aisha
Published: November 2023

Multi‐level inverters are widely used in high‐voltage and high‐power applications due to the increasing demand for renewable energy. This study proposes a novel single‐phase reduced switch multi‐level inverter topology that generates 11 levels of output voltage steps, operates in asymmetric mode, and uses fewer power electronic switches with efficient switching control. To optimize the inverter's performance, Moth Flame Optimization (MFO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Whale Optimization Technique (WOA) are utilized to apply the selective harmonic elimination technique. The proposed circuit is implemented in PSIM software using optimized switching angles, and the fitness functions and switching angles for the three optimizers are evaluated and reported. The inverter's performance at optimal modulation points for the three optimizers is computed and analyzed, with the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) measured at 0.82 modulation point before and after filtering. Results show that MFO outperforms PSO and WOA with the lowest THD values of 0.85% and 0.78%, respectively; therefore, complying with the IEEE 519 standard. The experimental validation of MFO's superiority is performed using the Typhoon HIL‐402 hardware device. This study provides a promising solution for the design and optimization of multi‐level inverters, paving the way for more efficient and reliable renewable energy systems.
A3COSMOS: The infrared luminosity function and dust-obscured star formation rate density at 0.5 < z < 6
Authors: Traina A. , Gruppioni C. , Delvecchio I. , Calura F. , Bisigello L. , Feltre A. , Magnelli B. , Schinnerer E. , Liu D. , Adscheid S. , Behiri M. , Gentile F. , Pozzi F. , Talia M. , Zamorani G. , Algera H. , Gillman S. , Lambrides E. , Symeonidis M.
Published: November 2023

Aims. We leverage the largest available Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) survey from the archive (A3COSMOS) to study infrared luminosity function and dust-obscured star formation rate density of (sub)millimeter galaxies from z = 0.5 − 6.

Methods. The A3COSMOS survey utilizes all publicly available ALMA data in the COSMOS field and therefore has inhomogeneous coverage in terms of observing wavelength and depth. In order to derive the luminosity functions and star formation rate densities, we applied a newly developed method that corrects the statistics of an inhomogeneously sampled survey of individual pointings to those representing an unbiased blind survey.

Results. We find our sample to mostly consist of massive (M⋆ ∼ 1010 − 1012 M⊙) IR-bright (L* ∼ 1011 − 1013.5 L⊙) highly star-forming (SFR ∼100 − 1000 M⊙
yr−1) galaxies. We find an evolutionary trend in the typical density (Φ*) and luminosity (L*) of the galaxy population that respectively decreases and increases with redshift. Our infrared luminosity function (LF) is in agreement with previous literature results, and we were able to extend the constraints on the knee and bright end of the LF to high redshift (z > 3) by using the Herschel data. Finally, we obtained the star formation rate density up to z ∼ 6 by integrating the IR LF, finding a broad peak from z ∼ 1 to z ∼ 3 and a decline toward higher redshifts, in agreement with recent IR/millimeter-based studies, within the uncertainties. These results imply the presence of larger quantities of dust than what is expected based on optical/UV studies.
2-power domination number for Knödel graphs and its application in communication networks
Authors: Sundara Rajan R. , Arulanand S. , Prabhu S. , Rajasingh Indra
Published: November 2023

In a graph G, if each node v ∈ V(G) \ S is connected to some node in S, then the set S of nodes is referred to as a dominating set. The domination number of G is the minimum cardinality of all dominating sets of G and is represented by γ(G). If a dominating set S monitors every node in the system under a set of guidelines for power systems monitoring, then the set S is referred to as a power-dominating set of G. The power domination number of G is the least number of vertices of a power dominating set of G. A generalization of power domination is the k-power domination in a graph G. The k-power domination number of G is the minimum cardinality of all k-power dominating sets of G and is represented by γp,k(G). In this paper, we have obtained the 2-power domination number represented by γp,2(G) for 4-regular Knödel graphs and given the lower bound for 5-regular Knödel graphs.
Wechselwirkung zwischen Körper und Psyche verstehen – Embodiment
Authors: Hawighorst Svenja
Published: November 2023

Die Körpersprache von Personen kann einen Hinweis auf ihre psychische Verfassung geben. Andersherum kann die Körperhaltung auch das psychische Befinden beeinflussen. Dies sind die Kerngedanken des Embodiment. Svenja Hawighorst gibt Anregungen, wie Ergotherapeut*innen das Konzept in ihre Behandlungen integrieren können.
Supercontinuum generation by saturated second-order nonlinear interactions
Authors: Jankowski Marc , Langrock Carsten , Desiatov Boris , Lončar Marko , Fejer M. M.
Published: November 2023

We propose a new approach to supercontinuum generation and carrier-envelope-offset detection based on saturated second-order nonlinear interactions in dispersion-engineered nanowaveguides. The technique developed here broadens the interacting harmonics by forming stable bifurcations of the pulse envelopes due to an interplay between phase-mismatch and pump depletion. We first present an intuitive heuristic model for spectral broadening by second-harmonic generation of femtosecond pulses and show that this model agrees well with experiments. Then, having established strong agreement between theory and experiment, we develop scaling laws that determine the energy required to generate an octave of bandwidth as a function of input pulse duration, device length, and input pulse chirp. These scaling laws suggest that future realization based on this approach could enable supercontinuum generation with orders of magnitude less energy than current state-of-the-art devices.