bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Spartina alterniflora Invasion in Coastal Wetlands of China: Boon or Bane?
Authors: Zheng Xiaojun , Javed Zeeshan , Liu Bing , Zhong Shan , Cheng Zheng , Rehman Abdul , Du Daolin , Li Jian
Published: July 2023

Invasive plants, like Spartina alterniflora (SA), have a competitive advantage over native flora due to their rapid utilization of vital soil nutrients. This results in the depletion of resources for native plant species, significantly impacting ecosystem diversity and stability. This comprehensive review addresses several key aspects related to SA’s spread and spatial distribution in China’s wetlands. The rapid expansion of Spartina alterniflora is attributed to its high reproductive ability, adaptability to environmental factors like elevated salinity, and ability to disperse its seeds via tides. Spartina alterniflora mainly were found in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, and Shanghai provinces, accounting for more than 90% of China’s total Spartina alterniflora area. Spartina alterniflora rapid growth results in displacement of native species and loss of vital microbial, plant, and animal diversity. Some studies reported that Spartina alterniflora increases carbon storage, while others argue that it weakens this function. The impact of Spartina alterniflora on organic and inorganic carbon requires further research for better understanding dynamics of carbon in coastal wetlands. The controlled growth of Spartina alterniflora can be beneficial in many aspects of the coastal wetlands’ ecosystem. In China, various methods have been employed to control the invasion of SA. Physical control, such as removing the plants and converting them into fertilizer or bioenergy, has been commonly used but has limitations like air pollution and the potential for re-invasion. Chemical herbicides like Imazapyr and Haloxyfop-R-methyl have effectively controlled and prevented re-invasion in specific areas, but their potential adverse impacts are still uncertain. Wetland Park construction, aquaculture development, and substituting native or exotic species with mangroves or reed communities have also been successful. It becomes evident that a long-standing and Contextual approach is necessary to effectively manage the advantages and curtail the drawbacks associated with S. alterniflora across China.
Therapeutic Aspects of Circadian Rhythms
Authors: Walton James C. , Nelson Randy J.
Published: July 2023

Circadian rhythms are ubiquitous endogenous rhythms with a period of approximately twenty-four hours [...]
Physical Exercise and Appetite Regulation: New Insights
Authors: Caruso Lorenzo , Zauli Enrico , Vaccarezza Mauro
Published: July 2023

Physical exercise is considered an important physiological intervention able to prevent cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and obesity-related cardiometabolic imbalance. Nevertheless, basic molecular mechanisms that govern the metabolic benefits of physical exercise are poorly understood. Recent data unveil new mechanisms that potentially explain the link between exercise, feeding suppression, and obesity.
The Medicinal Potential of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Immuno- and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Najar Mehdi , Fahmi Hassan , Merimi Makram
Published: July 2023

Cancer is a highly lethal disease that causes millions of deaths worldwide, thus representing a major public health challenge [...]
Membrane Transporters Involved in Iron Trafficking: Physiological and Pathological Aspects
Authors: Pasquadibisceglie Andrea , Bonaccorsi di Patti Maria Carmela , Musci Giovanni , Polticelli Fabio
Published: July 2023

Iron is an essential transition metal for its involvement in several crucial biological functions, the most notable being oxygen storage and transport. Due to its high reactivity and potential toxicity, intracellular and extracellular iron levels must be tightly regulated. This is achieved through transport systems that mediate cellular uptake and efflux both at the level of the plasma membrane and on the membranes of lysosomes, endosomes and mitochondria. Among these transport systems, the key players are ferroportin, the only known transporter mediating iron efflux from cells; DMT1, ZIP8 and ZIP14, which on the contrary, mediate iron influx into the cytoplasm, acting on the plasma membrane and on the membranes of lysosomes and endosomes; and mitoferrin, involved in iron transport into the mitochondria for heme synthesis and Fe-S cluster assembly. The focus of this review is to provide an updated view of the physiological role of these membrane proteins and of the pathologies that arise from defects of these transport systems.
Cell Surface B2m-Free Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Monomers and Dimers: Are They Neo-HLA Class and Proto-HLA?
Authors: Ravindranath Mepur H. , Ravindranath Narendranath M. , Selvan Senthamil R. , Hilali Fatiha El , Amato-Menker Carly J. , Filippone Edward J.
Published: July 2023

Cell surface HLA-I molecules (Face-1) consist of a polypeptide heavy chain (HC) with two groove domains (G domain) and one constant domain (C-domain) as well as a light chain, B2-microglobulin (B2m). However, HCs can also independently emerge unfolded on the cell surface without peptides as B2m-free HC monomers (Face-2), B2m-free HC homodimers (Face 3), and B2m-free HC heterodimers (Face-4). The transport of these HLA variants from ER to the cell surface was confirmed by antiviral antibiotics that arrest the release of newly synthesized proteins from the ER. Face-2 occurs at low levels on the normal cell surface of the lung, bronchi, epidermis, esophagus, breast, stomach, ilium, colorectum, gall bladder, urinary bladder, seminal vesicles ovarian epithelia, endometrium, thymus, spleen, and lymphocytes. They are upregulated on immune cells upon activation by proinflammatory cytokines, anti-CD3 antibodies, antibiotics (e.g., ionomycin), phytohemagglutinin, retinoic acid, and phorbol myristate acetate. Their density on the cell surface remains high as long as the cells remain in an activated state. After activation-induced upregulation, the Face-2 molecules undergo homo- and hetero-dimerization (Face-3 and Face-4). Alterations in the redox environment promote dimerization. Heterodimerization can occur among and between the alleles of different haplotypes. The glycosylation of these variants differ from that of Face-1, and they may occur with bound exogenous peptides. Spontaneous arthritis occurs in HLA-B27+ mice lacking B2m (HLA-B27+ B2m−/−) but not in HLA-B27+ B2m+/− mice. The mice with HLA-B27 in Face-2 spontaneous configuration develop symptoms such as changes in nails and joints, hair loss, and swelling in paws, leading to ankyloses. Anti-HC-specific mAbs delay disease development. Some HLA-I polyreactive mAbs (MEM series) used for immunostaining confirm the existence of B2m-free variants in several cancer cells. The upregulation of Face-2 in human cancers occurs concomitantly with the downregulation of intact HLAs (Face-1). The HLA monomeric and dimeric variants interact with inhibitory and activating ligands (e.g., KIR), growth factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters. Similarities in the amino acid sequences of the HLA-I variants and HLA-II β-chain suggest that Face-2 could be the progenitor of both HLA classes. These findings may support the recognition of these variants as a neo-HLA class and proto-HLA.
Emergent Peptides of the Antifibrotic Arsenal: Taking Aim at Myofibroblast Promoting Pathways
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhang Xinyan , Wang Yanrong , Tai Yifan , Yao Xiaolin , Midgley Adam C.
Published: July 2023

Myofibroblasts are the principal effector cells driving fibrosis, and their accumulation in tissues is a fundamental feature of fibrosis. Essential pathways have been identified as being central to promoting myofibroblast differentiation, revealing multiple targets for intervention. Compared with large proteins and antibodies, peptide-based therapies have transpired to serve as biocompatible and cost-effective solutions to exert biomimicry, agonistic, and antagonistic activities with a high degree of targeting specificity and selectivity. In this review, we summarize emergent antifibrotic peptides and their utilization for the targeted prevention of myofibroblasts. We then highlight recent studies on peptide inhibitors of upstream pathogenic processes that drive the formation of profibrotic cell phenotypes. We also briefly discuss peptides from non-mammalian origins that show promise as antifibrotic therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives of peptide design and development in targeting myofibroblasts to mitigate fibrosis.
Risk of Cesarean Delivery after Vaginal Inserts with Prostaglandin Analogs and Single-Balloon Catheter Used for Cervical Ripening and Induction of Labor
Authors: Socha Maciej W. , Flis Wojciech , Pietrus Miłosz , Wartęga Mateusz
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: Induction of labor is currently the most frequently performed procedure in modern obstetrics, referring to more than one in five women, and it is postulated that the percentage of labor induction will increase. (2) Methods: In total, 2935 patients in uncomplicated full-term pregnancy fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and underwent induction of labor. Pregnant women were divided into three groups: IOL with Dinoprostone, Misoprostol vaginal suppositories, and Foley catheter. Outcomes, including cesarean section rates, time to delivery, and cesarean section indications, were analyzed. (3) Results: There was statistically significantly more cesarean sections within 24 h in the Misoprostol group in comparison with the Dinoprostone and Foley catheter groups (p < 0.0001). The percentage of patients who had a cesarean section due to clinically diagnosed threatened fetal asphyxia was 63% in the Dinoprostone group, 81.3% in the Misoprostol group, and 55.3% in the Foley catheter group. There were statistically significantly more cesarean deliveries due to nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns within 24 h in the Misoprostol group in comparison with the Dinoprostone and Foley catheter groups (p = 0.0031 and p = 0.0363). (4) Conclusions: Misoprostol may cause a more turbulent and violent course of labor, with a higher rate of increased incidence of nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns and cesarean deliveries. The use of a Dinoprostone vaginal insert or Foley catheter may provide longer labor, although still within 48 h, with a lower risk of cesarean section caused by nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns.
Zingerone-Induced Autophagy Suppresses IL-1β Production by Increasing the Intracellular Killing of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in THP-1 Macrophages
Authors: Song Yuri , Chung Jin
Published: July 2023

Periodontitis is caused by the inflammation of tooth-supporting tissue by pathogens such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, triggers a series of inflammatory reactions and promotes bone resorption. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular mechanism and anti-inflammatory function of zingerone, a dietary phenolic found in Zingiber officinale, on periodontal inflammation induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans. Zingerone attenuated A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in THP-1 macrophages. Zingerone also inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and their signal pathway molecules including the toll-like receptor (TLR)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKase). In particular, zingerone suppressed the expression of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome components on IL-1β production. Moreover, zingerone enhanced autophagosome formation and the expressions of autophagy-associated molecules. Interestingly, zingerone reduced the intracellular survival of A. actinomycetemcomitans. This was blocked by an autophagy inhibitor, which reversed the decrease in IL-1β production by zingerone. Finally, zingerone alleviated alveolar bone absorption in an A. actnomycetemcomitans-induced periodontitis mice model. Our data suggested that zingerone has potential use as a treatment for periodontal inflammation induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans.
The Impact of Microelectrode Pattern on the Sensitivity of Tracing Environmental CO2 Deficiency in Cellular Metabolism by a New Design of Electrochemical Biosensor
Authors: Bourbour Faegheh , Abadijoo Hamed , Nazari Fatemeh , Ehtesabi Hamideh , Abdolahad Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Here, two different electrode patterns are described as cyclic voltammetry (CV) biosensors to detect the effect of a hypo CO2 condition (for 6 h) in ambient on cellular secretion. The cells were selected from breast cancer and endothelial standard lines. Changes in CV peaks of the secretions were recorded by the modified pattern whereby increasing the interactive surface with homogenous electric paths was considered by simulation before fabrication. The results of the simulation and experimental procedures showed a meaningful correlation between hypo CO2 samples and the occurrence of CV oxidative peaks at about 0.07 V and reductive peaks at approximately −0.22 V in the modified biosensor in all cell lines, while no apoptosis was found in any of the control and hypo CO2 samples. This observation could not be related to the lack of H+ (alkaline pH induction) in the media solution as such peaks were not observed in the pure cell culture medium but had been maintained in the hypo CO2 ambient. This approach could be used as a cell-free sensor to monitor ambient shocks. This may not induce apoptosis but may be vital in the proliferation and protein expression of the cells, such as the hypo CO2 ambient. The sensor is not disposable in use and showed repeatable responses after rinsing.
A Novel and Versatile Microfluidic Device for Cell Assays under Radio Frequency Exposure
Authors: Wang Mengshuang , Zhu Mengni , Zhao Zhenjie , Li Xin , Zhang Jie
Published: July 2023

Wound healing is a complex process composed of different stages, which involves extensive communication between the different cellular factors of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) has been used to accelerate the wound-healing process and it has been found to enhance cell alignment and mobility. The conventional methods for cell mobility analysis in an electromagnetic field generated by a radiation source are not advisable due to the low-precision, nonuniform distribution of the field, low efficiency of the analysis in batch and the lack of system integration for autonomous on-body operation. Here, a novel and versatile electromagnetic exposure system integrated with a microfluidic chip was fabricated to explore the EMF-induced response. A gradient electromagnetic field in a two-dimensional plane has been successfully established in the microchambers placed along the field line. In this work, by deploying our radiation experiments in vitro, we validated the on-chip monitoring of cell response to exposure. This electromagnetic field was simulated and human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs) were cultured in different microchambers for continuous exposure to the electromagnetic field excited by a monopole RF antenna (1.8 GHz). New protrusions were generated and an obvious increase in filopodia with the increased field intensity was investigated. Meanwhile, the variation in intracellular Ca2+ concentration under the electromagnetic field was examined. The inhibitory effect of the Ca2+ circulation was further inspected to reveal the potential downstream signaling pathway in the RF-EMF-related bioassay, suggesting that cytoskeletal dynamics of cells under exposure are highly associated with the EGF receptor (EGFR)-cytoskeleton downstream signaling pathway. Finally, the field-induced cell elongation and alignment parallel to the field direction were observed. Additionally, the subsequent recovery (field withdrawal) and re-establishment (field re-exposure) were explored. These results indicated that this reliable and versatile exposure system for bioassay could achieve precise and high-throughput detection of the RF-EMF-induced cytoskeletal reorganization in vitro and evaluate the possible health risk from RF-EMF exposure.
REGA-SIGN: Development of a Novel Set of NanoBRET-Based G Protein Biosensors
Authors: Boon Katrijn , Vanalken Nathan , Meyen Eef , Schols Dominique , Van Loy Tom
Published: July 2023

Despite G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) being important theapeutic targets, the signaling properties of many GPCRs remain poorly characterized. GPCR activation primarily initiates heterotrimeric G protein signaling. To detect ligand-induced G protein activation, Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-based biosensors were previously developed. Here, we designed a novel set of Nanoluciferase (NLuc) BRET-based biosensors (REGA-SIGN) that covers all Gα protein families (i.e., Gαi/o, GαSs/L, Gα12/13 and Gαq/15). REGA-SIGN uses NLuc as a bioluminescent donor and LSS-mKATE2, a red-shifted fluorophore, as an acceptor. Due to the enhanced spectral separation between donor and acceptor emission and the availability of a stable substrate for NLuc, this donor–acceptor pair enables sensitive kinetic assessment of G protein activity. After optimization, the NLuc integration sites into the Gα subunit largely corresponded with previously reported integration sites, except for GαSs/L for which we describe an alternative NLuc insertion site. G protein rescue experiments validated the biological activity of these Gα donor proteins. Direct comparison between EGFP and LSS-mKATE2 as acceptor fluorophores revealed improved sensitivity for nearly all G protein subtypes when using the latter one. Hence, REGA-SIGN can be used as a panel of kinetic G protein biosensors with high sensitivity.
Nanodroplet-Based Reagent Delivery into Water-in-Fluorinated-Oil Droplets
Authors: Zhu Bo , Du Zhe , Dai Yancen , Kitaguchi Tetsuya , Behrens Sebastian , Seelig Burckhard
Published: July 2023

In vitro compartmentalization (IVC) is a technique for generating water-in-oil microdroplets to establish the genotype (DNA information)–phenotype (biomolecule function) linkage required by many biological applications. Recently, fluorinated oils have become more widely used for making microdroplets due to their better biocompatibility. However, it is difficult to perform multi-step reactions requiring the addition of reagents in water-in-fluorinated-oil microdroplets. On-chip droplet manipulation is usually used for such purposes, but it may encounter some technical issues such as low throughput or time delay of reagent delivery into different microdroplets. Hence, to overcome the above issues, we demonstrated a nanodroplet-based approach for the delivery of copper ions and middle-sized peptide molecules (human p53 peptide, 2 kDa). We confirmed the ion delivery by microscopic inspection of crystal formation inside the microdroplet, and confirmed the peptide delivery using a fluorescent immunosensor. We believe that this nanodroplet-based delivery method is a promising approach to achieving precise control for a broad range of fluorocarbon IVC-based biological applications, including molecular evolution, cell factory engineering, digital nucleic acid detection, or drug screening.
Factors Affecting English Language Teachers’ Behavioral Intentions to Teach Online under the Pandemic Normalization of COVID-19 in China
Authors: Gao Yanjun , Wong Su Luan , Khambari Mas Nida Md. , Noordin Nooreen bt , Geng Jingxin , Bai Yun
Published: July 2023

The unexpected outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic forced most teachers across the globe to switch their teaching from traditional face-to-face to online without having received adequate preparation and knowledge related to online teaching. To better comprehend teachers’ willingness to conduct emergency remote teaching during the worldwide crisis, the current study was designed to examine teachers’ intentions and, in particular, the factors affecting their behavioral intentions to teach online, by contextualizing the research in the English language teaching settings in China. The research model was developed based on an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) by adding subjective norm, self-efficacy, technological complexity, and facilitating conditions into the original TAM. The data were obtained from a total of 287 respondents including 228 (79.4%) female teachers and 59 (20.6%) male teachers via online questionnaires. The questionnaire was developed by adapting previously validated instruments and then refined by two educational technology experts in order to better suit the current study. The empirical findings, using structural equation modeling (SEM), showed that the extended TAM was valid in predicting English language teachers’ intentions to teach online during the pandemic normalization. At the same time, the findings suggested that teachers’ intentions were influenced significantly by attitude, facilitating conditions, and self-efficacy; language teachers’ attitude toward online teaching was significantly affected by both its perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use; perceived usefulness had a significant association with perceived ease of use and subjective norms; and perceived ease of use was significantly impacted by self-efficacy and facilitating conditions. Perceived usefulness was not suggested as a significant determinant of English language teachers’ intentions to adopt online teaching. Despite some limitations, the study has several implications from the perspective of theory and practice. The more factors with a higher influence should be determined from different perspectives in future research.
Tourists’ Food Involvement, Place Attachment, and Destination Loyalty: The Moderating Role of Lifestyle
Authors: Chen Jingru , Hsu Fu-Chieh , Yan Libo , Lee Hoffer M. , Zhang Yuqing
Published: July 2023

Destination food has been increasingly appealing to tourists within adjacent markets. This trend has been widely recognised by destination marketers; however, scholars have paid limited attention to tourists’ psychological and behavioural responses to destination food. Taking Shunde as the research site, using a questionnaire-based survey method equipped with the techniques of measurement modelling, path analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, this study explores how tourists’ food involvement affects their place attachment and destination loyalty, as well as the differentiation of tourists with different lifestyles. The results show that food involvement significantly affects place attachment and destination loyalty. These relationships are differentiated by tourists’ lifestyles. This study contributes to the psychological research of tourist behaviours and provides insights into destination marketing in the context of food tourism.
About the Use of Concrete Damage Plasticity for Modeling Masonry Post-Elastic Behavior
Authors: Rainone Luigi Salvatore , Tateo Vito , Casolo Siro , Uva Giuseppina
Published: July 2023

Considering the high vulnerability of existing masonry buildings, which often have strategic or cultural value, professionals and specialized engineers are frequently required to model complex historical buildings. The approaches proposed by National Building Codes may not always be suitable for such cases, but more detailed approaches are necessary, relying on FEM continuum modeling and inelastic constitutive law. There are many constitutive laws proposed in the literature that allow us to accurately reproduce the mechanical behavior of masonry. However, they require the identification of several parameters that are not easy to determine. In this study, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters of a nonlinear constitutive law very popular for masonry modeling (the “Concrete Damage Plasticity—CDP” model) is conducted, considering literature tests of masonry panels under shear stress as the benchmark. The aim is to assess the influence of the main parameters of the model and compare them to one of the more commonly used Mohr–Coulomb failure criteria.
Structural Behavior of Reactive Powder Concrete under Harmonic Loading
Authors: Mohammed Shatha , Ibrahim Teghreed , Salman Ban , Allawi Abbas , El-Zohairy Ayman
Published: July 2023

Industrial buildings usually are designed to sustain several types of load systems, such as dead, live, and dynamic loads (especially the harmonic load produced by rotary motors). In general, these buildings require high-strength structural elements to carry the applied loads. Moreover, Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) has been used for this purpose because of its excellent mechanical strength and endurance. Therefore, this study provides an experimental analysis of the structural behaviors of reinforced RPC beams under harmonic loads. The experimental program consisted of testing six simply supported RPC beams with lengths of 1500 mm, widths of 150 mm, and thicknesses of 200 mm under harmonic loading with varied frequencies between 10 and 20 Hz. Different steel fiber ratios of 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 1.75% were provided in the concrete mixes to explore the effect of steel fibers on the dynamic behavior of these beams. Except for the steel fiber volume fraction, all of the examined specimens shared the same material attributes and reinforcing details. The outcomes proved the positive effect of adding steel fibers on the dynamic response under the effect of harmonic loading. The optimum volume fraction of steel fibers was characterized by a percentage of 1.5%. Moreover, the vibration amplitude was more affected by the steel fibers than the support reactions. The inertial force increased as the harmonic loading duration increased. This increase in the inertial force by the load duration was enhanced after adding the steel fibers. However, this enhancement started to decline after increasing the steel fiber content to 1.75%.
Up-Floating Destruction and Reinforcement Measures of Damaged Basement Based on the Bending Moment and Deformation Analysis
Authors: Wu Zhifeng , Li Zhiyong , Fan Jian , Cao Hongyou , Huang Bo , Liu Hui
Published: July 2023

Based on the up-floating incident of the basement in a high-rise residential building, the finite element (FE) model of the up-floating destruction region is established to investigate the damage mechanism. The stress states and the deformations of the basement structure are obtained under complex loads including water buoyancy forces, vehicle loads and construction loads. To assess the extent of damage, a novel damage indicator is defined based on two levels: the cracking bending moments and the yield bending moment. The first-level cracking bending moment, second-level cracking bending moment and the yield bending moment can be determined using the section stratification method. By comparing the maximum bending moment of the component with its corresponding cracking moment, one can determine whether the cracks have occurred and assess their severity. Meanwhile, the antifloating failure model is constructed to analyze the mechanism of the up-floating destruction. Finally, a detailed reinforcement treatment plan of ‘decompression first and then reinforcement’ is presented to reinforce and repair the damaged basement structure. The mechanism analysis of the up-floating destruction and the comprehensive reinforcement treatments ensure the simulation of the life cycle of emergence, development and treatment to ensure structural safety.
A Simplified Analytical Method for the Deformation of Pile Foundations Induced by Adjacent Excavation in Soft Clay
Authors: Li Tingting , Yang Min , Chen Xiaocen
Published: July 2023

The development of foundation excavations in congested urban areas inevitably induces stress release and soil movements, resulting in additional lateral deflections in adjacent pile foundations, commonly referred to as passive loading piles. Prior research on pile deflection resulting from nearby excavations primarily focused on single-pile behavior and paid little attention to the characteristics of pile groups. This paper presents a two-step approach to predicting the behavior of pile deformation resulting from nearby excavation. Firstly, Mindlin solution in combination with the double Gauss-Legendre formula is employed to calculate the additional lateral stress acting on the centerline of the passive pile resulting from nearby excavations. Secondly, the equation governing the deflection of the passive pile is determined using the Pasternak foundation model and solved using the finite difference method. On the basis of the Mindlin equation, shielding influence among piles is developed and applied to the analysis of a laterally loaded passive pile group. Last but not least, the accuracy of the presented approach is validated by comparing the results from two published centrifuge model tests with single piles and pile groups, and good agreements are obtained. Generally, the recommended two-step approach presents effective insight into the interaction between the excavation, soil, and pile, taking into account the influence of the shielding effect between piles. It can be applied as an alternative method for the conservation evaluation of the deformation tendency of pile foundation deformation in the pre-design of nearby excavations.
Character-Defining Elements Comparison and Heritage Regeneration for the Former Command Posts of the Jinan Campaign—A Case of Chinese Rural Revolutionary Heritage
Authors: Chen Meng , Zhao Bin , Zhao Hu , Jiang Qiaochu , Zhou Qi , Tong Hui
Published: July 2023

Rural revolutionary heritage in China represents a distinctive form of vernacular heritage. It holds significance not only for its connection to historical events and prominent figures, but also encapsulates the distinctive features of vernacular architecture. Since 2020, the present authors have conducted a survey of the rural revolutionary heritage in Jinan. The findings indicate that common challenges in this context are the issues of overprotection and low utilization efficiency. The two former command posts of the Jinan Campaign are representative of rural revolutionary heritage. The Yinjiadian command post building received the designation of revolutionary heritage earlier than the one located in Tangjiagou Village. However, it has undergone inappropriate repairs and alterations over time, which have compromised its original integrity. The Tangjiagou command post was granted heritage status towards the end of 2020, but despite retaining its vernacular architectural structure, material, and form, it has not been effectively conserved and utilized. In the present study, the history, characteristics, and current situation of the two command posts of the Jinan Campaign were explored using various methods such as historical data collection and analysis, field investigations, oral interviews, GIS analysis, and comparative research. The aim of the study was to determine regeneration strategies for the two command posts of the Jinan Campaign by identifying and comparing their character-defining elements. A comparative investigation of the two command posts in the Jinan Campaign was conducted and based on their different heritage characteristics and preservation status, regeneration strategies were proposed. Additionally, a systematic regeneration strategy for rural revolutionary heritage was explored, considering the unique challenges and opportunities associated with preserving and revitalizing these historic sites. Such measures promote the activation and survival of China’s rural revolutionary heritage while providing valuable reference for its protection and research.
Estimation Method for an In Situ Stress Field along a Super-Long and Deep-Buried Tunnel and Its Application
Authors: Pei Qitao , Wang Xiaonan , He Lihong , Liu Lu , Tian Yong , Wu Cai
Published: July 2023

Aiming at some stress-induced failure phenomena in surrounding rock that occur during the construction of super-long and deep-buried tunnels, a method for estimating the in situ stress in the tunnels based on multivariate information integration is proposed, which uses a small amount of in situ stress measurement, stereographic projection technology, and a numerical simulation method. Firstly, by conducting a macroscopic analysis of the regional geological structure, topography, and pre-excavated small tunnels (such as exploration of adits and pilot tunnels), the strength of the tectonic stress field and the orientation of the principal stresses in the tunnel sections are preliminarily determined. Secondly, the reliability of the in situ stress measurement data were analyzed using full-space stereographic projection and the plane stress projection method. Then, some representative measurement points that reflected the distribution characteristics of in situ stress in the project area, on the whole, were determined. Thirdly, the finite difference (FDM) and multiple regression analysis (MRA) methods were used to inverse the in situ stress field in the project area. The proposed method was applied to a super-long and deep-buried tunnel project in Qinling, and the in situ stress distribution characteristics of the tunnel sections at different mileages were obtained. The results show that both the calculated principal stress values and the azimuth angle of the maximum horizontal principal stress are in good agreement with the measured ones, indicating that the method used in this study is reasonable. Finally, the typical surrounding rock failure phenomena encountered during the excavation of the project were investigated, and targeted treatment measures were proposed. The research results can provide references for support design and disaster management of surrounding rock in deep-buried long tunnels.
A Comparative Study on the Effect of Surface and Bulk Sulfates on the High-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 over CeO2
Authors: Tan Chong , Gu Zhiwen , Sin Songil , Ji Jiawei , Wang Yan , Zhu Baiyun , Cheng Lijun , Huang Chunkai , Li Lulu , Zhang Hongliang , Tang Changjin
Published: July 2023

Herein, two CeO2 samples dominantly decorated with surface and bulk sulfates were constructed and their distinct effects on high-temperature NH3-SCR were investigated by strictly controlling the sulfate content at a comparable level. The obtainment of surface and bulk sulfates was revealed using a designed leaching experiment, and further evidenced by the characterization results from XPS and H2-TPR. In comparison with CeO2 modified with bulk sulfates (B-CeS), sufficient acid sites with strong intensity were generated on CeO2 modified with surface sulfates (S-CeS). In addition, due to electron-withdrawing effect from S=O in sulfate species, NH3 oxidation over S-CeS was greatly suppressed, providing an additional contribution to enhanced performance in high-temperature NH3-SCR.
Refractive Index Imaging Reveals That Elimination of the ATP Synthase C Subunit Does Not Prevent the Adenine Nucleotide Translocase-Dependent Mitochondrial Permeability Transition
Authors: Neginskaya Maria A. , Morris Sally E. , Pavlov Evgeny V.
Published: July 2023

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a large, weakly selective pore that opens in the mitochondrial inner membrane in response to the pathological increase in matrix Ca2+ concentration. mPTP activation has been implicated as a key factor contributing to stress-induced necrotic and apoptotic cell death. The molecular identity of the mPTP is not completely understood. Both ATP synthase and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) have been described as important components of the mPTP. Using a refractive index (RI) imaging approach, we recently demonstrated that the removal of either ATP synthase or ANT eliminates the Ca2+-induced mPTP in experiments with intact cells. These results suggest that mPTP formation relies on the interaction between ATP synthase and ANT protein complexes. To gain further insight into this process, we used RI imaging to investigate mPTP properties in cells with a genetically eliminated C subunit of ATP synthase. These cells also lack ATP6, ATP8, 6.8PL subunits and DAPIT but, importantly, have a vestigial ATP synthase complex with assembled F1 and peripheral stalk domains. We found that these cells can still undergo mPTP activation, which can be blocked by the ANT inhibitor bongkrekic acid. These results suggest that ANT can form the pore independently from the C subunit but still requires the presence of other components of ATP synthase.
Gene Regulatory Networks and Signaling Pathways in Palatogenesis and Cleft Palate: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Won Hyung-Jin , Kim Jin-Woo , Won Hyung-Sun , Shin Jeong-Oh
Published: July 2023

Palatogenesis is a complex and intricate process involving the formation of the palate through various morphogenetic events highly dependent on the surrounding context. These events comprise outgrowth of palatal shelves from embryonic maxillary prominences, their elevation from a vertical to a horizontal position above the tongue, and their subsequent adhesion and fusion at the midline to separate oral and nasal cavities. Disruptions in any of these processes can result in cleft palate, a common congenital abnormality that significantly affects patient’s quality of life, despite surgical intervention. Although many genes involved in palatogenesis have been identified through studies on genetically modified mice and human genetics, the precise roles of these genes and their products in signaling networks that regulate palatogenesis remain elusive. Recent investigations have revealed that palatal shelf growth, patterning, adhesion, and fusion are intricately regulated by numerous transcription factors and signaling pathways, including Sonic hedgehog (Shh), bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp), fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), transforming growth factor beta (Tgf-β), Wnt signaling, and others. These studies have also identified a significant number of genes that are essential for palate development. Integrated information from these studies offers novel insights into gene regulatory networks and dynamic cellular processes underlying palatal shelf elevation, contact, and fusion, deepening our understanding of palatogenesis, and facilitating the development of more efficacious treatments for cleft palate.
HCS-Splice: A High-Content Screening Method to Advance the Discovery of RNA Splicing-Modulating Therapeutics
Authors: Covello Giuseppina , Siva Kavitha , Adami Valentina , Denti Michela Alessandra
Published: July 2023

Nucleic acid therapeutics have demonstrated an impressive acceleration in recent years. They work through multiple mechanisms of action, including the downregulation of gene expression and the modulation of RNA splicing. While several drugs based on the former mechanism have been approved, few target the latter, despite the promise of RNA splicing modulation. To improve our ability to discover novel RNA splicing-modulating therapies, we developed HCS-Splice, a robust cell-based High-Content Screening (HCS) assay. By implementing the use of a two-colour (GFP/RFP) fluorescent splicing reporter plasmid, we developed a versatile, effective, rapid, and robust high-throughput strategy for the identification of potent splicing-modulating molecules. The HCS-Splice strategy can also be used to functionally confirm splicing mutations in human genetic disorders or to screen drug candidates. As a proof-of-concept, we introduced a dementia-related splice-switching mutation in the Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau (MAPT) exon 10 splicing reporter. We applied HCS-Splice to the wild-type and mutant reporters and measured the functional change in exon 10 inclusion. To demonstrate the applicability of the method in cell-based drug discovery, HCS-Splice was used to evaluate the efficacy of an exon 10-targeting siRNA, which was able to restore the correct alternative splicing balance.
Evaluation of Neuropsychiatric Effects of Montelukast–Levocetirizine Combination Therapy in Children with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Altaş Uğur , Altaş Zeynep Meva , Öz Fırat , Özkars Mehmet Yaşar
Published: July 2023

Drug-induced neuropsychiatric effects are important for disease management. We aim to evaluate the neuropsychiatric effects of montelukast–levocetirizine combination therapy in children. This descriptive study was conducted with children aged 2–5 years, diagnosed with asthma and allergic rhinitis, who began to receive montelukast and levocetirizine combination therapy. The respiratory and asthma control test for children (TRACK), Rhino Conjunctivitis Scoring System (RCSS), and common neuropsychiatric effects (irritable behavior, hallucinations, headaches, nightmares, sleep disorders, behavioral and mood disorder, restlessness, depression) were ascertained by the questionnaire applied before and 4 weeks after the treatment. Parents answered on behalf of their children. The most common finding before and after treatment was irritable behavior. While irritable behavior was observed in 82.4% (n = 56) of children before the treatment, this percentage was 63.2% (n = 43) after the treatment (p = 0.004). The percentage of children who developed at least one neuropsychiatric symptom after treatment was 22.1% (n = 15). There was no significant effect of age, gender, RCSS, TRACK, or allergy test positivity on the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms (p > 0.05). According to the results, at least one neuropsychiatric finding developed in approximately one in five children. Identifying risk factors will enable more careful treatment or consideration of alternative treatments for children at higher risk in the clinical follow-up period.
Treatment of High-Risk Neuroblastoma
Authors: Krystal Julie , Foster Jennifer H.
Published: July 2023

High-risk neuroblastoma is a highly aggressive solid tumor that most commonly presents in early childhood. Advances in treatment through decades of clinical trials and research have led to improved outcomes. This review provides an overview of the current state of treatment for high-risk neuroblastoma.
Mobile Health Solutions for Prostate Cancer Diagnostics—A Systematic Review
Authors: Moghul Masood , Cazzaniga Walter , Croft Fionnuala , Kinsella Netty , Cahill Declan , James Nicholas David
Published: July 2023

Prostate cancer, the most common cause of cancer in men in the UK and one of the most common around the world to date, has no consensus on screening. Multiple large-scale trials from around the world have produced conflicting outcomes in cancer-specific and overall mortality. A main part of the issue is the PSA test, which has a high degree of variability, making it challenging to set PSA thresholds, as well as limited specificity. Prostate cancer has a predisposition in men from black backgrounds, and outcomes are worse in men of lower socioeconomic groups. Mobile targeted case finding, focusing on high-risk groups, may be a solution to help those that most need it. The aim of this systematic review was to review the evidence for mobile testing for prostate cancer. A review of all mobile screening studies for prostate cancer was performed in accordance with the Cochrane guidelines and the PRISMA statement. Of the 629 unique studies screened, 6 were found to be eligible for the review. The studies dated from 1973 to 2017 and came from four different continents, with around 30,275 men being screened for prostate cancer. Detection rates varied from 0.6% in the earliest study to 8.2% in the latest study. The challenge of early diagnosis of potentially lethal prostate cancer remains an issue for developed and low- and middle-income countries alike. Although further studies are needed, mobile screening of a targeted population with streamlined investigation and referral pathways combined with raising awareness in those communities may help make the case for screening for prostate cancer.
Investigation on Fracture Performance of Hot-Mix Asphalt with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement under Fatigue Loading
Authors: Zhou Xingren , Song Weimin , Wu Hao
Published: July 2023

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been widely used in asphalt pavement. However, the fatigue performance of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) with RAP is a critical factor to ensure durability. In this study, fatigue tests using an Overlay Tester (OT) were conducted using a novel load-controlled mode. RAP contents were 0, 25% and 50%, respectively. In the cyclic loading, fatigue life and energy parameters were measured. Results indicated that RAP decreased both the fracture energy and tensile strength. Fatigue life was determined using two methods. RAP was proved to be beneficial in prolonging the fatigue life using the two methods at 25 °C. However, opposite conclusions were made about the effect of RAP on fatigue life at −10 °C. At −10 °C, compared to HMA without RAP, the cumulative dissipated energies decreased by 49.1% and 77.3% when RAP contents were 25% and 50%, respectively. At 25 °C, compared to HMA without RAP, the inclusion of 25% RAP increased the cumulative energy by 31.1%, while 50% RAP decreased the cumulative energy by 41.2%. The developments of the dissipated energy and the cumulative energy were consistent with the fatigue life results determined by the first method.
Refining Micron-Sized Grains to Nanoscale in Ni-Co Based Superalloy by Quasistatical Compressive Deformation at High Temperature
Authors: Xu Hui , Guo Yanjun , Wang Jiangwei , Li Ze , Wang Lu , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Zhefeng
Published: July 2023

Compressive deformation was carried out in an Ni-Co-based superalloy with relatively low stacking fault energy (SFE) at 725 °C and a strain rate of 10−2 s−1; the underlying micromechanisms were investigated under true compression strains varying from 0.1 to 1.0. It was found that dislocation slipping accompanied by stacking fault (SF) shearing dominated the compressive deformation under the strain of 0.1 and 0.2. As the strain increased to 0.3 and 0.4, microtwinning was activated and then interacted with dislocations, leading to the formation of dislocation tangles or blocky distorted region. When true strain was further increased to 0.6, abundant subgains (SGs) with polygonous shape appeared and then transformed into nanograins as true strain increased to 1.0. It is demonstrated that high strain and microtwinning are the prerequisites for the evolution of nanograins in the deformed Ni-Co-based superalloy. High strain can produce plentiful dislocations and distorted micro-sized SGs; then the microtwins sheared these distorted regions and refined the micro-sized SGs into nanoscale, which subsequently transformed into nanograins with further deformation.
A Review of Paper-Based Sensors for Gas, Ion, and Biological Detection
Authors: Immanuel Phillip Nathaniel , Huang Song-Jeng , Adityawardhana Yudhistira , Yen Yi-Kuang
Published: July 2023

Gas, ion, and biological sensors have been widely utilized to detect analytes of great significance to the environment, food, and health. Paper-based sensors, which can be constructed on a low-cost paper substrate through a simple and cost-effective fabrication process, have attracted much interests for development. Moreover, many materials can be employed in designing sensors, such as metal oxides and/or inorganic materials, carbon-based nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and composite materials. Most of these provide a large surface area and pitted structure, along with extraordinary electrical and thermal conductivities, which are capable of improving sensor performance regarding sensitivity and limit of detection. In this review, we surveyed recent advances in different types of paper-based gas, ion, and biological sensors, focusing on how these materials’ physical and chemical properties influence the sensor’s response. Challenges and future perspectives for paper-based sensors are also discussed below.