bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity profile of adult survivors at 20 years following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Seneviratne Ayesh K. , Wright Clare , Lam Wilson , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Michelis Fotios V.
Published: October 2020

Numerous chronic medical conditions and complications can arise following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) that may have a negative impact on survival and quality of life.

Objective

The purpose of the present study was to review the comorbidities of a single‐center cohort of allogeneic HCT recipients that survived 20 years postallogeneic transplantation.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated 172 patients that underwent allogeneic HCT at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre between 1979 and 1998 and who survived at least 20 years post‐HCT.

Results

The most frequent individual comorbidities documented were dyslipidemia (29%), hypertension (31%), osteoporosis (15%), hypothyroidism (15%), and depression/anxiety (13%). Follow‐up data following the 20‐year mark were available for 135 patients, overall survival (OS) of that group at 5 and 10 years was 94% and 90%, respectively. When grouped by the number of concurrent comorbidities, there was a significant difference in OS between the groups with 0‐1, 2‐3, and ≥4 comorbidities (P = .01).

Conclusions

Evidently, long‐term allogeneic HCT recipients may develop a number of comorbidities that negatively influence survival even past the 20‐year post‐transplant mark. These findings warrant the continuous long‐term medical follow‐up of allogeneic transplant patients, regardless of age or time that has lapsed post‐HCT.
Backing up from negative stimuli: A back‐thrust mechanism during escape‐like response in wild sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus)
Authors: De Wysiecki Agustín M. , Trobbiani Gastón A. , Irigoyen Alejo J.
Published: October 2020

Broadnose sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus) show great interest for bait and display a repertoire of movements while engaging with it. A novel back‐thrust mechanism is described in wild sevengill sharks by which individuals back up from a negative stimulus while interacting with baited video stations. This mechanism initiates upon head contact with the device that functions as a negative stimulus eliciting a startle escape‐like response. By heavily flipping pectoral fins and curving the body, sharks increase hydrodynamic resistance, backing up from the negative stimulus. Once backed up, sharks performed the common C‐shaped double‐bend escape maneuver described for sharks. Sharks also used the same back‐thrust mechanism as a repositioning maneuver, but not as part of a startle response. The quantification of the turning rate indicated context‐dependent variation in velocity and confirmed that the majority of withdrawals corresponded to slow escape‐like motions. In general, an elongated body and individual flipping control of pectoral fins allowed for great maneuverability and lateral flexure. Sharks exhibited great tolerance to one another during double and triple encounters. The implications for grouping and social hunting of the species are briefly discussed based on past evidence and the movement behavior, gregarious interactions, and body markings observed in the present study. This work highlights the importance of studies in the natural environment and the use of complementary approaches to investigate the broader range of locomotor aspects of different shark species.
Equine metabolic syndrome in UK native ponies and cobs is highly prevalent with modifiable risk factors
Authors: Carslake Harry B. , Pinchbeck Gina L. , McGowan Catherine M.
Published: October 2020

Background

The epidemiology of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is poorly described.

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of EMS in native UK ponies and cobs in England and Wales and identify associated risk factors.

Study design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Breeders registered with UK native pony breed societies and registered riding schools and livery yards within a set radius were invited to participate. All native UK ponies and cobs aged 3‐14 years and not diagnosed or being treated for conditions likely to affect insulin regulation at participating premises were eligible. Animals underwent a clinical examination and an oral glucose test while their owner or keeper completed a questionnaire by face‐to‐face interview. Data were analysed by multilevel uni‐ and multivariable modelling using insulin concentration and EMS diagnosis as outcomes.

Results

A total of 354 animals were examined at 64 properties (19 studs, 19 livery yards, 26 riding schools). The overall prevalence of EMS adjusted for clustering within yard was 23.3% (95%CI 17.9%–29.8%). Risk factors associated with a diagnosis of EMS included age, being female, more sedentary main activity, obesity, and shorter periods on pasture during the summer. Compared to the Welsh section A, the other Welsh, Connemara and cob breeds all had decreased odds of EMS. Clinical manifestations of hoof growth ring and supraorbital fat scores of 3/3 were more frequent in EMS ponies and animals with a history of laminitis within the last 5 years (9.7%) were 14.4 (95% CI 5.9–35.3) times more likely to be positive for EMS than those without.

Main limitations

Results may not be transferable to other breeds or age groups.

Conclusions

Equine metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in UK native ponies and cobs with modifiable risk factors including obesity and sedentary activities. Modifying risk factors could help reduce the risk of laminitis in susceptible animals.
Effects of Procedural Discomfort and Expectation of Benefit on Therapy Continuation in Chronic Migraine Patients Treated With OnabotulinumtoxinA
Authors: Anderson Christopher C. , Ray Christopher A. , Butler Michael R. , Darken Rachel S.
Published: October 2020

Background

OnabotulinumtoxinA (BTX) has become a mainstream treatment for chronic migraine (CM). Patients often have varied expectations for treatment success but little is known about how these initial impressions influence continuation of therapy.

Objective

To record expectations of benefit and procedural discomfort (PD) from initial BTX treatment and to investigate their association with treatment success, defined as continuation of treatment for >3 sessions within a 2‐year period.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of CM patients receiving initial treatment with BTX was performed. Patients were questioned about their expectations of benefit and PD as rated on a 0‐10 scale. Responses were then compared with continuation of therapy beyond 3 sessions to identify the presence of significant association.

Results

Responses from patients (N = 297) were analyzed. About 173 subjects continued with BTX therapy for more than 3 sessions (173/297, 58.3%). Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for expectation of benefit (EOB) (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.99‐1.24, P = .087) and PD (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90‐1.16, P = .780) were not significantly predictive of continuing treatment. After considering sex, age, year of treatment, and previous headache preventative trials, only female sex (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.09‐3.74, P = .025) was found to be significantly associated with treatment continuation.

Conclusions

In the usual care setting, PD and EOB are not significantly associated with therapy continuation in patients receiving initial treatment with BTX for the prevention of CM. However, after considering sex, age, year of treatment, and number of previous headache preventives attempted, we found that female patients had twice the likelihood of continuing with BTX therapy compared to male patients with CM.
Predictors of serofast state after treatment for early syphilis in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Paul G , Wesselmann J , Adzic D , Malin JJ , Suarez I , Priesner V , Kümmerle T , Wyen C , Jung N , van Bremen K , Schlabe S , Wasmuth J‐C , Boesecke C , Fätkenheuer G , Rockstroh J , Schwarze‐Zander C , Lehmann C
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Non‐treponemal serological tests are used to monitor treatment response during syphilis infection. Syphilis‐ and HIV‐coinfected patients may experience incomplete resolution in non‐treponemal titres, which is referred to as the serofast state. The goal of this study was to evaluate risk factors for serofast state in HIV‐infected patients.

Methods

From November 2015 to June 2018, 1530 HIV‐positive patients were tested for syphilis using a Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay. Among TPPA‐positive patients, medical records were reviewed for early syphilis infection. Serofast state was defined as a less than four‐fold decrease in non‐treponemal antibody titres during a 6‐month follow‐up period in the absence of symptoms of syphilis. Baseline characteristics were tested as predictive factors of serological response.

Results

In all, 515 patients (33.7%) tested positive in TPPA assays, and in 163 patients at least one previous syphilis infection was documented. A total of 61 out of 163 patients (37.4%) were in a serofast state. A history of previous syphilis infection (61 vs. 43%; P = 0.04) was more common in serofast patients than in patients with serological cure after 6 months. Non‐treponemal titres ≥ 1:32 before therapy (47 vs. 25%; P = 0.005) and adjunctive corticosteroids to prevent the Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction (35% vs 15%; P = 0.006) were associated with serological cure after 6 months, but corticosteroid therapy had no influence at 12 months. The intensity of syphilis treatment did not affect serological cure.

Conclusion

Corticosteroids for prevention of the Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction were associated with earlier serological cure. Although serological response is the accredited surrogate method to monitor syphilis treatment, the biological significance of the serofast state remains unclear.
Racial/ethnic differences in consumer financial capability: The role of financial education
Authors: Kim Kyoung Tae , Xiao Jing Jian
Published: October 2020

This study examined the racial/ethnic differences in financial capability controlling for various factors focusing on the role of financial education. Furthermore, we investigated the contributing factors to clarify where such gap stems. Regression results using data from the 2018 U.S. National Financial Capability Study indicated that Whites had a higher level of financial capability across all indicators than other racial/ethnic minority groups. Respondents who participated in the financial education had a higher level of financial capability than those without financial education. Multiple sources, hours and quality of financial education were positively associated with the level of financial capability. Decomposition analyses showed that age, income, negative income shock and banking status contributed to explain the gaps of financial capability between Black and White respondents as well as between Hispanic and White respondents. Financial education was a contributing factor only to explain the Black–White difference and it may narrow the gap. However, we found substantial unexplained gaps between Black and Hispanic respondents attributed by unobservable characteristics. Results of this study provide important insights into the racial/ethnic disparities in financial capability that have implications for consumer policymakers, educators and researchers.
Lichen planopilaris in men: a retrospective clinicopathologic study of 19 patients
Authors: Cantwell Hafsa M. , Wieland Carilyn N. , Proffer Sydney L. , Imhof Reese L. , Torgerson Rochelle R. , Tolkachjov Stanislav N.
Published: October 2020

Background

Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a scarring alopecia rarely described in men.

Objective

To investigate the clinical and histopathologic features of LPP in men.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of male patients with LPP seen at Mayo Clinic between 1992 and 2016.

Results

Nineteen men with biopsy‐confirmed LPP were included. The disease most commonly presented with diffuse (42.1%) or vertex scalp (42.1%) involvement. None of the patients had eyebrow or body hair involvement. Perifollicular erythema (94.7%) and pruritus (57.9%) were the most frequent clinical findings. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) co‐occurred in 26.3% of patients. Mucosal lichen planus was found in four patients (21.1%). Thyroid disease occurred in three patients (15.8%). Disease improvement (47.3%) occurred with combination topical and systemic therapy, topical clobetasol monotherapy, and minocycline monotherapy.

Conclusions

LPP in men has similar clinical and histologic presentations as reported in women. Nonscalp hair loss appears less likely in men with classic LPP than reported in men with frontal fibrosing alopecia, while mucosal lichen planus and thyroid disease appear to be more common in classic LPP. Men with AGA can present with new‐onset concomitant LPP. Limitations included small study size, variable follow‐up, and lack of standardized clinical assessment due the study’s retrospective nature.
Functional differentiation and regulation of follicular T helper cells in inflammation and autoimmunity
Authors: Dong Lin , He Ying , Cao Yejin , Wang Yuexin , Jia Anna , Wang Yufei , Yang Qiuli , Li Wanjie , Bi Yujing , Liu Guangwei
Published: October 2020

Follicular T helper (TFH) cells are specialized T cells that support B cells, which are essential for humoral immunity. TFH cells express the transcription factor B‐cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl‐6), chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor (CXCR) 5, the surface receptors programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and inducible T‐cell costimulator (ICOS), the cytokine IL‐21 and other molecules. The activation, proliferation and differentiation of TFH cells are closely related to dynamic changes in cellular metabolism. In this review, we summarize the progress made in understanding the development and functional differentiation of TFH cells. Specifically, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of TFH cell functional differentiation, including regulatory signalling pathways and the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of TFH cells. In addition, TFH cells are closely related to immune‐associated diseases, including infections, autoimmune diseases and cancers.
Qualitative study on the causes and consequences of compassion fatigue from the perspective of nurses
Authors: Pérez‐García Esteban , Ortega‐Galán Ángela María , Ibáñez‐Masero Olivia , Ramos‐Pichardo Juan Diego , Fernández‐Leyva Antonia , Ruiz‐Fernández María Dolores
Published: October 2020

Compassion is one of the core elements of nursing care. Continued exposure to patient pain and suffering puts nurses at risk of developing compassion fatigue. The aim of this study was to understand the causes and consequences of compassion fatigue from the perspective of nurses. To this end, a qualitative design based on the hermeneutic phenomenology paradigm was used. Five focus group sessions were held with 43 nursing professionals. Two themes and six sub‐themes emerged from the analysis of their discourses in relation to the impact of compassion fatigue on nurses. Based on the results obtained, the causes perceived as generating compassion fatigue are the lack of time and resources to provide comprehensive nursing care. The consequences identified were difficulties in carrying out their work, repercussions on family and private life, anxiety, stress, and, in some cases, the desire to quit the profession. This study concluded that healthcare organizations are key to fostering compassionate care and that cultivating compassion is necessary to prevent compassion fatigue.
Tunable multicolor upconversion luminescence of Yb3+ sensitized Na3La(VO4)2 crystals
Authors: Xiao Qi , Dong Xinyao , Yin Xiumei , Wang Hong , Zhong Hua , Xing Mingming , Tian Ying , Fu Yao , Dong Bin , Luo Xixian
Published: October 2020

Multicolor upconversion luminescence materials show significantly applications in materials science. In this paper, the novel Yb3+‐sensitized Na3La(VO4)2 upconversion luminescence crystals are synthesized by the solid‐state reaction method. Three primary colors upconversion luminescence are successfully achieved in Na3La(VO4)2:Yb3+,Tm3+, Na3La(VO4)2:Yb3+,Er3+, and Na3La(VO4)2:Yb3+,Ho3+ crystals excited by the single 980 nm LD. Multicolor upconversion luminescence can be obtained by simply adjusting the combination ratios of these three samples. Luminescence mechanisms of the Yb3+‐sensitized system are discussed in detail. In the Na3La(VO4)2 host material, the Yb3+/Ho3+ codoped system exhibits unusual red upconversion luminescence based on the short decay time of Ho3+ ion 5I6 level, which provides the possibility of three primary color luminescence under 980 nm excitation.
The development of a consensus‐based spiritual care education standard for undergraduate nursing and midwifery students: An educational mixed methods study
Authors: van Leeuwen René , Attard Josephine , Ross Linda , Boughey Adam , Giske Tove , Kleiven Tormod , McSherry Wilfred
Published: October 2020

Aims

The aim of this study was to develop a consensus‐based Spiritual Care Education Standard for undergraduate N/M students to use in undergraduate programmes.

Design

Mixed methods were used consisting of qualitative and quantitative methods based on the principles of Delphi research.

Methods

The sample consisted of a total of 58 (N = 58) participants from 21 European countries. Data collection was conducted from June 2017 ‐ February 2019 and took place in facilitated iterative action learning cycles and online surveys. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis. Consensus was stated by >90% agreement.

Results

The process resulted in an EPICC Spiritual Care Education Standard consisting of the following four spiritual care competences: Intrapersonal spirituality, Interpersonal spirituality, Spiritual care: assessment and planning, Spiritual care: intervention and evaluation. For every competence, learning outcomes were described in knowledge, skills and attitudes.

Conclusion

This Standard guides N/M spiritual care education, student assessment and research. It can be the starting point for discussing spiritual care competences in other healthcare professions. Follow‐up research should focus on implementation of the standard and on assessment of students’ spiritual competence.

Impact

The Standard guides curriculum and programme development. The Standard guides students in performing their learning process. The Standard provides a frame of reference for policy making and follow‐up research.
Do early warning track and trigger tools improve patient outcomes? A systematic synthesis without meta‐analysis
Authors: Credland Nicola , Dyson Judith , Johnson Miriam J.
Published: October 2020

Aim

To determine the effect of Early Warning Track and Trigger Tools on patient outcomes.

Design

A systematic review: synthesis without meta‐analysis.

Data sources

Electronic databases were searched from 1 January 2013–1 August 2018 and 221 papers identified.

Review methods

A systematic review and narrative synthesis supported the identification of synthesized findings named and reported according to outcome measure.

Results

Five international papers representing over 74,000 patients were included in the analysis. Seven key findings were identified, the impact of NEWS on: (a) cardiopulmonary arrest; (b) mortality; (c) serious adverse events; (d) length of hospital stay; (e) hospital admissions; (f) observation frequency; and (g) Intensive/High dependency Unit admission. Papers identified statistically significant improvements in mortality, serious adverse events, hospital admissions, observation frequency, and intensive care unit/high dependency unit admission when an Early Warning Track and Trigger protocol is in use. There were conflicting results regarding length of stay and cardiopulmonary arrest data.

Conclusion

Early Warning Track and Trigger Tools can aid recognition of deteriorating patients. Further research is required in relation to hospital length of stay and cardiopulmonary arrests.

Impact

Early warning track and trigger tools have been implemented nationally and to a lesser degree internationally. There is evidence to suggest improved clinical outcomes following their use. Further research needs to combine the use of the National Early Warning Score with an agreed set of measured outcomes, and then subsequent study data could be combined to provide much stronger levels of evidence.
A Challenge in Our Time: Issues of Race in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Esper Terry L. , Goldsby Thomas J. , Zinn Walter
Published: October 2020

This editorial addresses one of the greatest challenges of our time—racial inequality. Logistics and supply chain management (SCM) factor prominently in people’s everyday experiences, as consumers of products and logistics services as well as through participation in logistics and supply chain workforces. These everyday experiences can be quite disparate depending on one’s race. As academics, we have a responsibility to peel back the layers of how these issues of race and diversity impact and interact with supply chain phenomena. This editorial is intended to bolster conversation around these issues. We identify compelling themes that merit consideration and, perhaps, deeper investigation, including race as an individual difference variable in our research, race in SCM talent and leadership, and race and racism in SCM execution. We also call for more research that addresses racial inclusion and equal access in other aspects of SCM in light of its far‐reaching influence in the realms of business and society. The time has come to address these pervasive issues affecting organizations and individuals. We also introduce the articles appearing in the current issue of the journal.
S‐Nitrosylation of Akt by organic nitrate delays revascularization and the recovery of cardiac function in mice following myocardial infarction
Authors: Li Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Hong‐Ming , An Gui‐Peng , Liu Mo‐Yan , Han Shu‐Fang , Jin Qun , Song Ying , Lin Yi‐Meng , Dong Bo , Wang Shuang‐Xi , Meng Ling‐Bo
Published: October 2020

The effects of long‐term nitrate therapy are compromised due to protein S‐Nitrosylation, which is mediated by nitric oxide (NO). This study is to determine the role of Akt S‐Nitrosylation in the recovery of heart functions after ischaemia. In recombinant Akt protein and in HEK293 cells, NO donor decreased Akt activity and induced Akt S‐Nitrosylation, but was abolished if Akt protein was mutated by replacing cysteine 296/344 with alanine (Akt‐C296/344A). In endothelial cells, NO induced Akt S‐Nitrosylation, reduced Akt activity and damaged multiple cellular functions including proliferation, migration and tube formation. These alterations were ablated if cells expressed Akt‐C296/344A mutant. In Apoe−/− mice, nitroglycerine infusion increased both Akt S‐Nitrosylation and infarct size, reduced Akt activity and capillary density, and delayed the recovery of cardiac function in ischaemic hearts, compared with mice infused with vehicle. Importantly, these in vivo effects of nitroglycerine in Apoe−/− mice were remarkably prevented by adenovirus‐mediated enforced expression of Akt‐C296/344A mutant. In conclusion, long‐term usage of organic nitrate may inactivate Akt to delay ischaemia‐induced revascularization and the recovery of cardiac function through NO‐mediated S‐Nitrosylation.
Overview of the molecular determinants contributing to the expression of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis phenotypes
Authors: Caputo Valerio , Strafella Claudia , Termine Andrea , Dattola Annunziata , Mazzilli Sara , Lanna Caterina , Cosio Terenzio , Campione Elena , Novelli Giuseppe , Giardina Emiliano , Cascella Raffaella
Published: October 2020

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are multifactorial chronic disorders whose etiopathogenesis essentially derives from the alteration of several signalling pathways and the co‐occurrence of genetic, epigenetic and non‐genetic susceptibility factors that altogether affect the functional and structural property of the skin. Although shared and differential susceptibility genes and molecular pathways are known to contribute to the onset of pathological phenotypes, further research is needed to dissect the molecular causes of psoriatic disease and its progression towards Psoriatic Arthritis. This review will therefore be addressed to explore differences and similarities in the etiopathogenesis and progression of both disorders, with a particular focus on genes involved in the maintenance of the skin structure and integrity (keratins and collagens), modulation of patterns of recognition (through Toll‐like receptors and dectin‐1) and immuno‐inflammatory response (by NLRP3‐dependent inflammasome) to microbial pathogens. In addition, special emphasis will be given to the contribution of epigenetic elements (methylation pattern, non‐coding RNAs, chromatin modifiers and 3D genome organization) to the etiopathogenesis and progression of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The evidence discussed in this review highlights how the knowledge of patients' clinical and (epi)genomic make‐up could be helpful for improving the available therapeutic strategies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis treatment.
A research of STEAP1 regulated gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivos
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Hou Wen‐bin , Zhang Chao , Tan Yu‐en , Zhang Dong‐dong , An Wen , Pan Si‐wei , Wu Wan‐di , Chen Qing‐chuan , Xu Hui‐mian
Published: October 2020

Six‐Transmembrane Epithelial Antigene of the Prostate 1 (STEAP1) is associated with the occurrence and development of cancer. This study aimed to clarify the role of STEAP1 in gastric cancer tumour growth and metastasis, as well as its molecular mechanism of action.Statistical methods were used for clinical data analysis. Protein expression was detected using immunohistochemistry(IHC). The mRNA and protein expression in the cell cultures were detected using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction(RT‐PCR) and western blot analysis. Overexpression and silencing models were constructed using plasmid and lentivirus transfection. To detect cell proliferation in vitro, Cell Counting Kit‐8(CCK‐8), flow cytometry and colony formation assays were used; transwell and wound healing assays were used to detect cell migration and invasion;For in vivo experiments, nude BALB/c mice were used for detecting subcutaneous tumorigenesis and intraperitoneal implantation. In the results,we found STEAP1 was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Single‐factor and Cox analyses showed that STEAP1 gene expression level correlated with poor prognosis. Up‐regulation of STEAP1 increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which decreased after STEAP1 was knocked down. These changes were achieved via the activation of the AKT/FoxO1 pathway and epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation (EMT). The in vivo animal experiments showed that STEAP1 knock down, resulted in a decrease in the subcutaneous tumour and peritoneal tumour formation.
Molecular docking‐assisted screening reveals tannic acid as a natural protein disulphide isomerase inhibitor with antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities
Authors: Ren Lijie , You Tao , Li Qing , Chen Guona , Liu Ziting , Zhao Xuefei , Wang Yinyan , Wang Lei , Wu Yi , Tang Chaojun , Zhu Li
Published: October 2020

Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) promotes platelet activation and constitutes a novel antithrombotic target. In this study, we reported that a PDI‐binding plant polyphenol, tannic acid (TA), inhibits PDI activity, platelet activation and thrombus formation. Molecular docking using plant polyphenols from dietary sources with cardiovascular benefits revealed TA as the most potent binding molecule with PDI active centre. Surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that TA bound PDI with high affinity. Using Di‐eosin‐glutathione disulphide fluorescence assay and PDI assay kit, we showed that TA inhibited PDI activity. In isolated platelets, TA inhibited platelet aggregation stimulated by either GPVI or ITAM pathway agonists. Flow cytometry showed that TA inhibited thrombin‐ or CRP‐stimulated platelet activation, as reflected by reduced granule secretion and integrin activation. TA also reduced platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen and platelet adhesion under flow conditions. In a laser‐induced vascular injury mouse model, intraperitoneal injection of TA significantly decreased the size of cremaster arteriole thrombi. No prolongation of mouse jugular vein and tail‐bleeding time was observed after TA administration. Therefore, we identified TA from natural polyphenols as a novel inhibitor of PDI function. TA inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation, suggesting it as a potential antithrombotic agent.
Female mating experience and genetic background independently influence male mating success in fruit flies
Authors: Filice David C. S. , Bhargava Rajat , Dukas Reuven
Published: October 2020

When the reproductive interests of males and females conflict, males can evolve traits that are harmful to females, and females can coevolve traits to resist this harm. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, there is genetic variation in female resistance traits, which can affect the pre‐ and post‐mating success of males that try to mate with them. However, it is not clear to what extent the expression of these phenotypes can be modified by environmental factors such as sociosexual experience. Here, we tested how the genetic background of a female and her previous mating experience interact to affect the mating success of focal males. In the experience phase, we placed females from 28 distinct genetic backgrounds individually either with a single male (low conflict) or with three males (high conflict) for 48 hr. In the subsequent test phase, we measured the mating and post‐mating fertilization success of focal males paired individually with each female. We found that focal males paired with females from the high‐conflict treatment were less successful at mating, took longer to mate when they were successful, and had a lower proportion of paternity share. Furthermore, we identified significant female genetic variation associated with male mating success. These results indicate that female experience, along with intrinsic genetic factors, can independently influence different fitness components of her subsequent mates and has implications for our understanding of plastic female mating strategies and the evolution of sexually antagonistic traits in males and females.
Sequential valorization strategies for dairy wastewater and water hyacinth to produce fuel and fertilizer
Authors: Arutselvy Balakrishnan , Rajeswari Gunasekaran , Jacob Samuel
Published: October 2020

To overcome the obstacles of treatment of dairy wastewater (DW) under anaerobic mono‐digestion and sustainable disposal of harvested water hyacinth (WH) a novel sequential valorization strategy was adopted to obtain fuel and fertilizer. Initially, DW and WH were subjected for anaerobic co‐digestion to elucidate the synergistic effect of the substrates to improve the process efficiency and increased biomethane production. The results indicated that the co‐digestion mixture (DW: WH‐1:1) has resulted in biomethane yield of 504.38 L/Kg VSfed which is 1.28‐fold and 3.14‐fold higher as compared to the mono‐digestion of WH (431.71 L/Kg VSfed) and DW (160.59 L/Kg VSfed), respectively. Further, the residual digestate was subjected for slow pyrolysis (320 ± 15°C) to obtain bio‐oil and biochar. The obtained bio‐oil shown superior fuel characteristics as compared to direct WH bio‐oil resulting in density, viscosity, and calorific value of 1.21 ± 0.04 g/ml, 1.8 ± 0.05 cSt and 1766.82 ± 11.53 KJ/Kg, respectively. The biochar residue from pyrolysis was amended to the soil to determine its bio‐fertilizing property. The soil properties in terms of bulk density, porosity, organic carbon, and pH were enhanced. Tomato cultivation in biochar amended soil shown comparable vegetative growth to that of digestate and urea thereby advocating the replacement of chemical fertilizers.

Practical Application

With recent increase in environmental concerns and requirement to meet the prescribed limits for effluent discharge from the industries, especially from food processing for the protection of aquatic bodies, there is a requirement of adoption of cost effective technology that could provide both economic and ecological sustainability. In this study, a sequential valorization strategy was adopted for efficient management of dairy wastewater and harvested water hyacinth from the water resources. The resultant products biogas, bio‐oil and biochar could be potentially used as fuel and fertilizer. Circular bio‐economy is in need of time which could be attainable by the implementation of such strategies in large scale industries for efficient waste management and resource recovery. This will not only benefit the environment but also to the society by galvanizing the sustainable development technology.
Association of Hospitalization with Long‐Term Cognitive Trajectories in Older Adults
Authors: Sprung Juraj , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Mielke Michelle M. , Weingarten Toby N. , Vassilaki Maria , Martin David P. , Schulte Phillip J. , Hanson Andrew C. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Laporta Mariana L. , White Robert J. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Warner David O.
Published: October 2020

IMPORTANCE

Hospitalizations are associated with cognitive decline in older adults.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the association between hospitalization characteristics and the trajectory of cognitive function in older adults.

DESIGN

Population‐based longitudinal study of cognitive aging.

SETTING

Olmsted Medical Center and Mayo Clinic, the only centers in Olmsted County, Minnesota, with hospitalization capacity.

PARTICIPANTS

Individuals without dementia at baseline, with consecutive cognitive assessments from 2004 through 2017, and at least one visit after the age of 60.

MEASUREMENTS

The primary outcome was longitudinal changes in global cognitive z‐score. Secondary outcomes were changes in four cognitive domains: memory, attention/executive function, language, and visuospatial skills. Hospitalization characteristics analyzed included elective versus nonelective, medical versus surgical, critical care versus no critical care admission, and long versus short duration admissions.

RESULTS

Of 4,587 participants, 1,622 had 1 and more hospital admission. Before hospitalization, the average slope of the global z‐score was −0.031 units/year. After hospitalization, the rate of annual global z‐score accelerated by −0.051 (95% CI = −0.057, −0.045) units, P < .001, resulting in an estimated annual slope after the first hospitalization of −0.082. The accelerated decline was found in all four cognitive domains (memory, visuospatial, language, and executive, all P < .001). The acceleration of the decline in global z‐score following hospitalization was greater for medical compared to surgical hospitalizations (slope change following hospitalization = −0.064 vs −0.034 for medical vs surgical, P < .001), and nonelective compared to elective admissions (slope change following hospitalization = −0.075 vs −0.037 for nonelective vs elective, P < .001). The acceleration of cognitive decline was not different for hospitalization with intensive care unit admission versus not.

CONCLUSIONS

Hospitalization of older adults is associated with accelerated decline of global and domain‐specific cognitive domains, with the rate of decline dependent upon type of admission. The clinical impact of this accelerated decline will depend on the individual's baseline cognitive reserve and expected longevity.
COMMENTSSay What?! Ableist Logic Used in Misguided Attempt to Combat Ageism During COVID‐19
Authors: Cruise Cera , Lashewicz Bonnie
Published: October 2020

See the Reply by Colenda et al.
Imagining Brazil in Africa: Capoeira's Transatlantic Roots and Routes
Authors: Wesolowski Katya
Published: October 2020

Este artigo examina cidades africanas como os mais recentes pontos do circuito transnacional da capoeira. Uma África imaginada tem sido parte integrante da prática da capoeira no Brasil, porém, apenas recentemente foi que capoeiristas brasileiros começaram a viajar à África. Baseado em trabalho etnográfico realizado no Brasil e em Angola, examino esse “retorno” da capoeira à sua pátria imaginada e argumento que esse fluxo no Sul Global é um processo recíproco de imaginação: enquanto os capoeiristas brasileiros imaginam que Angola possui as raízes geradoras de sua prática, os capoeiristas angolanos imaginam o Brasil como o preservador dessas raízes. Os jovens de Luanda e Benguela abraçam a prática como uma cura para a crise de identidade comunitária resultante de quase meio século de guerra. Tanto os capoeiristas angolanos quanto os brasileiros mobilizam a capoeira para se enraizarem em um passado local e, ao mesmo tempo, criarem um futuro global de mobilidade transnacional e cosmopolitismo. [Brasil, Angola, diáspora, capoeira, cultura expressiva]
Wavefront‐sensorless adaptive optics with a laser‐free spinning disk confocal microscope
Authors: Hussain Syed Asad , Kubo Toshiki , Hall Nicholas , Gala Dalia , Hampson Karen , Parton Richard , Phillips Mick A. , Wincott Matthew , Fujita Katsumasa , Davis Ilan , Dobbie Ian , Booth Martin J.
Published: October 2020

Adaptive optics is being applied widely to a range of microscopies in order to improve imaging quality in the presence of specimen‐induced aberrations. We present here the first implementation of wavefront‐sensorless adaptive optics for a laser‐free, aperture correlation, spinning disk microscope. This widefield method provides confocal‐like optical sectioning through use of a patterned disk in the illumination and detection paths. Like other high‐resolution microscopes, its operation is compromised by aberrations due to refractive index mismatch and variations within the specimen. Correction of such aberrations shows improved signal level, contrast and resolution.
The use of radiofrequency‐assisted lipolysis with radiofrequency microneedling in premature jowl and neck laxity following facialplasty
Authors: Demesh Daniel , Cristel Robert T. , Gandhi Nimit D. , Kola Eljona , Dayan Steven H.
Published: October 2020

Background

A subset of facelift patients have premature redevelopment of skin laxity in the lower face and neck. Many patients seek alternatives to revision facelifts to avoid high risks and costs. Radiofrequency‐assisted lipolysis (RFAL) with Radiofrequency (RF) microneedling may be alternative minimally invasive options.

Objective/Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency energy devices for treatment of premature jowl and neck skin laxity following facialplasty.

Methods

This is a single‐center, prospective study of patients seeking treatment for jowl and neck skin laxity 1‐5 years following facialplasty. Treatment was performed with the InMode radiofrequency AccuTite® and Morpheus8® systems. Study duration was 12 months with 6 months of follow‐up. Endpoints included improvement in skin tightening assessed by blinded investigators, and investigator and subject assessment of skin appearance. Subjects also rated satisfaction with treatment and pain levels.

Results

The study protocol was completed by nine patients. Based on investigator evaluations, 33% had marked improvement at 3 months, which increased to 55% at 6‐month postprocedure. Patient‐reported improvement was “markedly improved” in 67%, “moderate improvement” in 11%, and “slight improvement” in 22% at 3 months. Overall patient satisfaction was rated as “very satisfied” by 33% and “satisfied” by 67% at 3 months. There were no adverse events reported.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide supporting evidence that RFAL technology can provide a safe, minimally invasive, and effective treatment for skin laxity in the jowls and neck in patients who desire further correction after undergoing primary facelift.
Longitudinal Links between Adolescent and Peer Conduct Problems and Moderation by a Sensitivity Genetic Index
Authors: Schlomer Gabriel L. , Cleveland H. Harrington , Feinberg Mark E. , Murray Jessica L. , Vandenbergh David J.
Published: October 2020

The most extensively studied influence on adolescent conduct problem behaviors is peers, and the literature points to genetics as one source of individual differences in peer influence. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that an environmental sensitivity genetic index comprised of DRD4, 5‐HTTLPR, and GABRA2 variation would moderate the association between peer and adolescent conduct problems. Latent growth modeling was applied to PROSPER project longitudinal data from adolescents and their peers. Results showed the hypothesis was supported; adolescents with more copies of putative sensitivity alleles were more strongly influenced by their peers. The interaction form was consistent with differential susceptibility in follow‐up analyses. Strengths and weaknesses of genetic aggregates for sensitivity research are discussed.
Glycerine as a feed supplement for beef and dairy cattle: A meta‐analysis on performance, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and product characteristics
Authors: Syahniar Theo M. , Andriani Mira , Ridla Muhammad , Laconi Erika B. , Nahrowi Nahrowi , Jayanegara Anuraga
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of glycerine supplementation at various concentrations on performance, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and product characteristics of beef and dairy cattle in vivo by using a quantitative meta‐analysis approach. Meta‐analysis was performed by integrating a total of 52 studies from 39 articles and 182 treatments into a database. Data were constructed into an intact database and did not distinguish between beef and dairy cattle, except for the parameters of production performance and product characteristics. Data summarized were analysed by using a statistical meta‐analysis that employed a fixed effect of glycerine supplementation level and a random effect of various studies for both beef and dairy cattle. Significance of an effect was stated at the probability level of p < .05, and p < .1 was considered as a tendency of significant. Results revealed that there was a linear decrease on dry matter intake (p < .01) and daily gain (p < .05) of beef cattle with the increasing levels of glycerine supplementation. Glycerine supplementation did not decrease milk production of lactating dairy cows. Molar proportion of acetate in the rumen was decreased (p < .001), whereas propionate and butyrate proportions were increased (both at p < .001) by glycerine supplementation. Generally, glycerine did not change nutrient digestibility except that it reduced fibre digestibility (p < .001). Glycerine supplementation linearly lowered triglyceride and NEFA concentrations (both at p < .05) in the blood serum, but not other blood metabolites. Glycerine tended to linearly increase (p < .1) carcass percentage in beef cattle. Increasing dietary glycerine levels decreased milk fat (p < .01) but elevated milk protein (p < .001). Glycerine tended to increase milk lactose (p < .1) by following a quadratic pattern. The proportion of MUFA was increased quadratically by glycerine supplementation (p < .05), whereas glycerine tended to decrease SFA by following a quadratic pattern (p < .1).
New Eocene fossil fruits and leaves of Menispermaceae from the central Tibetan Plateau and their biogeographic implications
Authors: Del Rio Cédric , Huang Jian , Liu Ping , Deng Wei‐Yu‐Dong , Spicer Teresa E.V. , Wu Fei‐Xiang , Zhou Zhe‐Kun , Su Tao
Published: October 2020

Menispermaceae are a pantropical and temperate family with an extensive fossil record during the Paleogene period, especially in North America and Europe, but with much less evidence from Asia. The latest fossil evidence indicates a succession of tropical to subtropical flora on the central Tibetan Plateau during the Paleogene. However, the biogeographic histories of these floras are still unresolved. Here, we report on endocarps and leaves of Menispermaceae from the Middle Eocene of Jianglang village, Bangor County, central Tibetan Plateau. The endocarps belong to two genera:Stephania, which is characterized by a horseshoe‐shaped endocarp and with one lateral crest ornamented by spiny to rectangular ribs, and a condyle area; andCissampelos(s.l.), which has two characteristic lateral ridges and a conspicuous external condyle. Associated leaves belong to the genusMenispermites, and are characterized by actinodromous primary venation, brochidodromous secondary veins, entire margins, and the presence of marginal secondary veins. The biogeographic history of Menispermaceae is complex, but evidence from these new fossils indicates an early diversification of the group in Asia, probably in response to the warming climate during the Eocene. The Jianglang flora appears to be part of a boreotropical flora, connecting Asia with North American and European floras during the Middle Eocene. The modern distribution of menispermaceous taxa found in Jianglang, as well as other families represented in the Jianglang flora, show that a tropical to subtropical climate occurred during the Eocene in central Tibet.
Seizures in dogs under primary veterinary care in the United Kingdom: Etiology, diagnostic testing, and clinical management
Authors: Erlen Alexander , Potschka Heidrun , Volk Holger A. , Sauter‐Louis Carola , O'Neill Dan G.
Published: October 2020

Background

Although seizures are common in dogs, limited published information is available on the classifications of seizures, diagnostic approaches, or clinical management of seizure‐affected patients in the veterinary primary care setting.

Objectives

Explore seizure etiology, diagnostic testing, and clinical management of seizure‐affected dogs in the primary care veterinary setting.

Animals

A total of 455 553 dogs in VetCompass.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analysis by cohort clinical data.

Results

From 2834 incident seizure cases, we identified 579 (20.5%) dogs with epilepsy based on the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force (IVETF) classification system, including 484 (17.1%) with idiopathic epilepsy, 95 (3.4%) with structural epilepsy, and 179 dogs (6.3%) with reactive seizures. In their clinical first opinion records, 245 (8.6%) cases were recorded with epilepsy. Overall, 1415 (49.9%) cases received diagnostic evaluation equivalent to or higher than IVETF Tier 1 diagnostic testing.

Being <12 years of age and being insured were risk factors for receiving IVETF Tier 1 or higher diagnostic evaluation among seizure cases. Anti‐seizure drug (ASD) treatment was not prescribed for 1960/2834 (69.2%) dogs in association with the incident seizure event. Of the remainder, 719 (25.3%) dogs received 1 ASD, whereas 155 (5.5%) an ASD combination.

Conclusion and clinical importance

The differences between seizure classifications in the clinical records and those retrospectively assigned by the researchers support the need for clearer diagnostic guidelines in clinical practice. Insured dogs and dogs <12 years of age were more likely to receive advanced diagnostic evaluation, suggesting that financial and perceived prognostic factors influence case management.