bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INSTRUMEN DAN KOMPONEN KEBIJAKAN FISKAL ISLAMI
Authors: gunawan sahrul
Published: June 2023

Kebijakan fiskal berarti kebijakan untuk mengatur pendapatan danpengeluaran negara dalam rangka menjaga stabilitas dan mendorong pertumbuhanekonomi. Instrument kebijakan fiskal adalah penerimaan dan pengeluaranpemerintah. Suatu pemerintahan setiap tahun menyusun suatu Rencana AnggaranPendapatan Belanja negara (RAPBN) yang diajukan kepada DPR untuk disahkanmenjadi APBN. Dimana pertumbuhan ekonomi sangat berpengaruh padakebijakan fiskal yang terwujud pada APBN. Lahirnya kebijakan fiskal ini karenaadanya kesadaran terhadap pengaruh penerimaan dan pengeluaran pemerintah.Kebijakan fiskal ini merupakan salah satu pembahasan dalam kajian ekonomiIslam. Pada ekonomi Islam, kebijakan fiskal telah dikenal sejak masa Rasulullahdan para shahabat. konsep ekonomi Islam yang telah ada sejak pemerintahan IslamMadinah merupakan konsep siap pakai yang tinggal dijadikan alternatif penggantisistem fiskal modern. Penerimaan begitu saja dari konsep klasik fiskal Islam tanpamereformulasikan dalam konteks kontemporer hanya akan memutar waktu kezaman primitif. Bila hanya menerima zakat sebagai tulang punggung fiskal Islam,lalu menolak pajak, maka hal itu hanya akan berujung pada konsep fiskal Islamyang utopis.
Bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah dasar
Authors: Sufrianto  , Anidi  , Yusuf Ode Yahyu Hertiyani , Parisu Chaeran Zibar L , Sufrianto.
Published: June 2023

Bimbingan dan Konseling bagi Guru Mata Pelajaran/Bidang Studi, juga konselor diberikan untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang peran seorang guru/Konselor dalam melaksanakan tugas, pokok dan fungsinya dalam PBM (Proses Belajar Mengajar, dan dilingkungan mana saja) yaitu peran sebagai pendidik, pengajar dan pembimbing di kelas maupun di luar kelas. Dengan memahami peran guru/konselor serta ilmu layanan bimbingan dan konseling diharapkan sebagai calon guru mata pelajaran dapat menjalankan tupoksinya dengan professional.
Bidirectional dynamics of mood, reward, effort and exploration in naturalistic task environments
Authors: Suzuki Shosuke , Ryan Jonathan , Cheong Yuk Fai , Kragel Philip A. , Treadway Michael Tilghman
Published: June 2023

Despite the broad literature examining the causes and consequences of mood, the concept of mood remains to be ambiguous. Prior work suggests that reward, effort, and exploration each contribute to and are affect by mood, yet there is no comprehensive model of mood that synthesizes its relationship with these interacting elements of motivated behaviour. Here, across four samples of human participants (total N = 399) completing a virtual exploration task, we found that effort expenditure, exploration, and reward independently predicted momentary mood. Specifically, increased exploration predicted more positive mood irrespective of the reward outcome or effort demands. Importantly, effort appeared to have dual, opposing effects on mood: On one hand, increased effort expenditure predicted more negative mood, and on the other hand, reward predicted subsequent mood only when foraging required effort. Mood, in turn, was positively associated with subsequent exploration but not effort expenditure, suggesting that mood selectively influences exploratory tendencies. These findings advance our understanding of mood and shed light on the paradoxical nature of effort as having both value-enhancing and discounting effects.
Down-sampling from hierarchically structured corpus data
Authors: Sönning Lukas
Published: June 2023

Resource constraints often require researchers to restrict their attention to a subset of the tokens returned by a corpus query. This paper sketches a methodology for down-sampling and offers a survey of current practices. The most prevalent approach, drawing a random sample from the list of corpus hits, has been shown to be inefficient if tokens are clustered by text file. We extend the evaluation of down-sampling designs to settings where tokens are also clustered by lexical item. Our case study, which deals with the replacement of third-person present-tense verb inflection -(e)th by -(e)s in Early Modern English, focuses on five predictors: time, gender, genre, frequency, and phonological context. Assuming we are able to analyze only 2,000 (out of 12,244) tokens, we compare two strategies for selecting a sub-sample of this size: simple down-sampling, where each hit has the same probability of being selected; and structured down-sampling, where this probability is inversely proportional to the author- and verb-specific token count. We form 500 sub-samples using each scheme and compare estimates based on mixed-effects logistic regression to a reference model fit to the full set of cases. We observe that structured down-sampling outperforms simple down-sampling on several evaluation criteria.
Psychometric Properties of the Brief Version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) among Shift Workers on Non-24-h Working and Rest Schedules
Authors: xinghua shen
Published: June 2023

Sleep problems among shift workers have emerged as a public health concern in recent years. However, few validation studies of self-reported sleep quality questionnaires were performed among shift workers. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the brief version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) in a shift workers sample. In total, 443 male sailors were recruited, of whom 46.95% (n = 208) were watchstanding sailors on 18-h working schedule at sea. All participants completed the B-PSQI, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) before and after a 30-day saling. 40 watchstanding sailors were selected to wear wrist actigraphy throughout the sailing. The result showed that the B-PSQI had acceptable internal consistency reliability in different sailor groups. Confirmatory factor analysis showed optimal fit of the single-factor model of the B-PSQI in different sailor groups. Futhermore, scalar invariance between watchstanding and day-working sailors was supported, as well as longitudinal scalar invariance across time. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the B-PSQI yields high discrimination power to detect poor sleep quality using ISI ≥ 8 criterion. However, a lack of inter-method agreement across the B-PSQI and actigraphy was found in this study. Moreover, the total scores of B-PSQI were positively related to depression and anxiety symptoms in the present sample. In conclusion, the B-PSQI is a reliable and valid sleep quality measure and a useful screening tool for sleep disorders among shift workers.
The “memory-experience gap” for affect does not reflect a general memory-bias to overestimate past affect
Authors: Anvari Farid , Moeck Ella , Franco Víthor Rosa , Elson Malte , Schneider Iris K.
Published: June 2023

Retrospective self-reports are widely used to measure affect and well-being. But researchers have long assumed that people overestimate affective experiences in retrospect and that retrospective self-reports are thus biased. This is because of the memory-experience gap, a phenomenon in which retrospective ratings for a longer timeframe are higher than the average of repeated ratings for shorter timeframes. For example, affect ratings for the past week are higher than the average of repeated affect ratings for the past day given throughout the same week. This discrepancy is the basis of theories about how some people may overestimate their past feelings in general and a bias in retrospective self-reports. Rather than reflecting a memory-bias, however, the discrepancy could be due to differences in how people summarize their feelings over different timeframes. To remove this confound we used an online convenience sample and measured affect over several timeframes for a week (N = 399), as well as memory for past affect over the same timeframe. Longer timeframes (e.g., one week) were rated higher than shorter timeframes (e.g., averaged across each day of that week) for both negative and positive affect, demonstrating the memory-experience gap. But ratings for each day given at the end of the week, from memory, were lower than those given for each day during the week. Ratings based solely on memory were therefore in the opposite direction to the memory-experience gap. This falsifies the assumption made by some researchers that the “memory-experience gap” reflects a memory-bias in retrospective self-reports.
Group polarization on social media: Comparing the dynamics of interaction networks and language-based opinion distributions
Authors: Durrheim Kevin , Schuld Maria
Published: June 2023

Social media has often been blamed for the rising polarization but the research has been restricted to polarized network structures, echo chambers, such as retweet, followership to mentions networks. We use a new measure of opinion language polarization on social media to investigate the effect of a polarizing event on group differentiation. Democrats and Republicans almost never retweeted each other’s vaccination tweets, either before or after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, but we expect that they became exposed to diverse opinions during the pandemic as the vaccination debate heated up along with an increase in cross-community retweeting. In sharp contrast, the opinion distribution between these political communities became strongly bipolarized after the pandemic, suggesting that exposure to diverse opinions can increase polarization. The results indicate that different polarization processes can occur in retweeting and in tweeting opinions; and they caution against relying solely on network modularity indicators of polarization.
Online clinical tools to support the use of new diagnostic technology in the assessment of Alzheimer’s disease: a narrative review
Authors: Hazan Jemma , Liu Kathy , Howard Rob , Fox Nick
Published: June 2023

Recent advances in new diagnostic technologies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can improve speed and precision of diagnosis. However, accessing the potential benefits of this technology poses challenges for clinicians. These include, deciding whether it is clinically appropriate to order a diagnostic test, which specific test or tests to order, how to interpret test results and communicate these to the patient and their caregiver. Tools to support decision-making could provide additional structure and information to the clinical assessment process. These tools could be accessed online, and such “e-tools” can provide an interactive interface to support patients and clinicians in the use of new diagnostic technologies for AD. We performed a narrative review of the literature to synthesise information available on this research topic. Relevant studies were identified which provide an understanding of how these online tools could be used to optimise the clinical utility of diagnostic technology. We discuss the ways in which e-tools have been used to assist in the diagnosis of AD and propose recommendations for future research to aid further development.
Assessment of Horizontal Equity of Personal Income Tax in Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Lanloye Oluwasegun , Prof. Damagum Y. M. , Obasa Rotimi Sunday
Published: June 2023

The research investigates horizontal equity i.e., extent to which persons with similar income are treated equally, of personal income tax liabilities of nine (9) federal government MDA’s and institutions employees on the Consolidated and Unified Salaries Structure scheme in terms of; the minimum and progressive tax liabilities. Secondary data which includes the grade level, steps, statutory deduction and allowance, emolument is collected from the National Salaries, Income and Wages Commission (NSIWC) and FIRS. The data is analysed using multi-level linear modelling techniques i.e., MLM (due to the hierarchical nature of the data, large variance and within MDA’s sample dependency) to extract the residuals inputs used to compute the coefficient of residual variation ratio (CRVR). Dis-aggregating the data into minimum or progressive tax rate payments, it was founds that: employee charge on the minimum tax rate of 1% are generally horizontally equal, but the rate varied at lower- or upper-income class employee appear more horizontally equal relative to middle-income class employee, employee charged on the progressive tax rate of 7%-33% are however less horizontally equal relative to those with minimum tax rate with the lower and upper income class performing better than those at the middle income class. Overall, the lower- and middle-income earners are found to be less treated equally relative to a specific income group at the upper echelon where a lower horizontal inequality is found.
Hypertension Control in Patients Attending Outpatient Department: A Hospital Based Study from Lumbini Province Nepal
Authors: Gautam Samir , Dhungel Sachin , KC Bishal , Khan Majhar , Shakya Abhishesh , Panjiyar Rajesh
Published: June 2023

Background: Systemic hypertension is major public health problem. It is easy to diagnose and initiate treatment. But still it remains under detected, undertreated and less well controlled throughout the world. We wanted to know control of hypertension in patients attending outpatient department in a cardiac center.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted at Gautam Buddha Community Heart Hospital. One hundred newly detected hypertensive patients attending outpatient department were evaluated in this study.
Results: Distribution of patients was males 56% and females 44%. Most patients (55%) were in the age group 45 to 65 years. Headache (42%) and dizziness (39%) were common symptoms at presentation. Majority of hypertensive pa-tients had blood pressure range 140 to 160 SBP (49%) and 90 to 100 DBP (56%). Hypertension control target reached in 69% for SBP and 90% for DBP at one month. Target blood pressure was present in 82% for SBP and 84% for DBP at three months follow up.
Conclusion: Hypertension management in short term appears promising but long term control is more important to prevent complications. So long term fol-low up study or national registry database is important.
Metabolic Syndrome as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor: A Reality or Just a Multiplex of Risk Factors? A Study on Association Between Endothelial Dysfunction And Metabolic Syndrome as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Authors: Gautam Mani Prasad , Gautam Samir , Gangapatnam Subramanyam , Guruprasad Sogunuru
Published: June 2023

Background:Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of various cardiovascular risk factors with a potential to double the risk of coronary artery disease. However, in real world scenario, this is just a combination of multiple CV risk factors and its separate existence is somehow regarded as a myth in endothelial function assessment. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as a precursor and a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Therefore a study was designed to evaluate the role of metabolic syndrome as a cardiovascular risk factor by assessing endothelial function in subjects with it.
Methods: One hundred subjects with various cardiovascular risk factors were selected and endothelial dysfunction was assessed by measuring flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery. The rates of endothelial dysfunction was compared between subjects with and without metabolic syndrome. Similarly the rates of metabolic syndrome was calculated in subjects with and without endothelial dys-function in this cohorts of cardiovascular risk factors.
Results: Out of 100 subjects with cardiovascular risk factors, mean age 46.75 (9.95) years and mean number of risk factors 2.81 (1.17), similarly, there was no significant difference in the rates of metabolic syndrome among subjects with and without endothelial dysfunction (84.85% vs 79.10% respectively; p=0.67). Only age and hypertension were associated with endothelial dysfunction.
Conclusion: The association between metabolic syndrome and endothelial dys-function was not significantly different than the association between multiplex of risk factors and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore its putative role as a separate cardiovascular risk factors, rather than just a multiplex still remains under scrutiny if not a myth. Further well-designed study should be conducted to establish the role of metabolic syndrome as a separate cardiovascular risk factor other than just a multiplex.
Knowledge Regarding Ebola Virus Disease among Nursing Students
Authors: Adhikari Mina , Shrestha Susmita , Upadhyay Hari Prasad
Published: June 2023

Background: Ebola virus disease (EVD) is an acute, viral and fatal illness among humans and other primates. It can be transmitted from wild animals to human and could spread from human to human. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge regarding Ebola Virus Disease among the nursing students.

Method: A cross sectional analytical study design was conducted among the nursing students to assess the knowledge regarding Ebola Virus Disease among the nursing students of Bharatpur, Chitwan. A total of 138 nursing students were selected by using the enumerative sampling method. Data were collected by using semi structured self-administered questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS-20.

Result: In the study, out of 138 respondents, majority of respondents were in age group of 21-25 years (51.4%) and while least 0.7% were in age group of 26-30years. Regarding ethnicity, highest percentage of the respondents were Brahmin/Chhetri covering 67.4%. Regarding the level of knowledge on Ebola virus disease, 77.5% had poor knowledge and 22.5% had good knowledge. There was statistically significant relationship between the level of knowledge regarding Ebola virus disease and types of family (p<0.031).

Conclusion: Based on the finding of the study, it is concluded that majority of the respondents had poor level of knowledge regarding Ebola Virus disease. So, the study recommends the need of effective awareness programme for the nursing students that could bring more awareness as a whole in good level.
Soleus Muscle Flap for Coverage of Soft Tissue Defect of Leg
Authors: Parajuli Nirajan Prasad , Khan Md Irshad , Yadav Krishna Kant , Sah Rajeev Kumar
Published: June 2023

Background: Open tibia fracture with soft tissue loss at the fracture site is and always a challenging problem for orthopedic surgeons to deal with. Soleus flap is an important option for such defects out of many other options.
Methods: Retrospective descriptive study in which twenty-one patients with open tibia fracture with soft tissue defect at fracture site requiring flap coverage were included in the study. In all 21 patients, the soleus muscle flap was done.
Results: Out of 21 patients, in 16 patients medial hemisoleus flap was done and in five composite soleus muscle flap was done. The average age of the patients was 37.8 years, and the right leg was more involved. In all patients, bone coverage was achieved. Three patients required debridement and mobilization of flap due to infective necrosis at the margin. The mean follow-up was 12 months.
Conclusion: Soleus muscle flap is a good and versatile flap for the coverage of soft tissue defects of the leg exposing bone or fracture.
Double Outlet Right Ventricle with Pentalogy Physiology in Adult Women: A Case Report
Authors: Lakshmi R.Vijaya , Yadav Umesh , Gacchhadar Pritam , Kumar Vasant , Mandal Jay
Published: June 2023

Double right ventricle outlet (DORV) is a rare cardiac abnormality, especially in adult life. DORV is a rare and complex congenital heart disease that has a high rate of genetic anomalies and extracardiac pathologies. Echocardiography plays an important and cost-effective role in the diagnosis of complex congenital cardiac diseases and assists in surgical planning. Here, we present a case of 38 years old woman who came to our outpatient department with shortness of breath which was progressive during exertion but relief on rest. Clinical examination showed low oxygen saturation of 70% without clubbing of fingers and toes. Holosystolic murmur and diastolic regurgitant murmur were audible along the left Sternal border. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly and enlarged pulmonary trunks. Electrocardiography showed right axis deviation and biventricular hypertrophy. After the echocardiogram, it turned out she had DORV. The study emphasizes the role of echocardiography in evaluating DORV.
Diagnostic Dilemma of Hemolytic Anemia: A Reveal Secondary to Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gautam Prerana , Singh Ishwor Man , Limbu Bimas Payangu , Vaidya Monasha , Rai Ujwal
Published: June 2023

Here is a case report of a 62-year-old female who presented to our hospital with complaints of abdominal pain, unresolving severe anemia, bleeding per rectum with history of multiple blood transfusions at outside hospital. On initial investigations, the findings directed towards case of hemolytic anemia. The cause of hemolytic anemia was still unknown even after extensive clinical and laboratory investigations. Bone marrow biopsy was done, which revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma and diagnosis of cancer-related microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (CR-MAHA) was established. Endoscopic biopsy was done from gastric growth which revealed gastric adenocarcinoma and final diagnosis of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia secondary to gastric adenocarcinoma was made.

The patient’s haematological parameters improved with chemotherapy directed against the gastric adenocarcinoma. Our case supports the findings of various literature which indicates that the gastric cancer-associated MAHA responds well to the treatment with chemotherapy for primary carcinoma.
Effect of Cooperative Membership on Performance of Farmers: Evidence of Cereal Farmers from Plain Region (Terai) of Nepal
Authors: Kharel Suman , Neupane Huma , Adhikari Mandeep , Regmi Kamal
Published: June 2023

Developing cooperatives is one of the important approaches to improve the farmer’s performance. In this paper we used the data collected from western plain of Nepal and applied an endogenous switch regression model in order to study the relationship of farmers’ membership in cooperative with benefit cost ratio of rice and wheat production. The findings show high benefit cost ratio for cooperative farmers in both rice and wheat. The findings also reveal higher amount of inputs use among the cooperative farmers as compared to the non-cooperative farmers. The disaggregation based on land area shows that farmers with small landholdings are more benefited from cooperative however cooperative membership evidence is more in farmers with higher land holdings. Our findings highlight that smallholdersshould be provided with assistance to be involved in cooperatives for higher benefit from cereal farming.
उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा पर्यावरणीय चेतना
Authors: ढकाल Dhakal रजनी Rajani
Published: June 2023

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा पर्यावरणीय चेतना भएका केही उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धलाई पाठका रूपमा लिई तिनमा प्रयुक्त पर्यावरणीय चेतनाका विभिन्न आयामहरूको विश्लेषण गरी उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा अभिव्यक्त पर्यावरणीय चेतनाको निरूपण गरिएको छ । यस लेखको उद्देश्य प्रकृति र मानव तथा जीवजगत् बिचको अन्तर्सम्बन्धलाई चित्रण गरिएका उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा अभिव्यक्त पर्यावरणीय चेतनाको स्वपरूप पहिल्याउनु हो । यस अध्ययनमा उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा मानव र प्रकृतिको आत्मीय सम्बन्ध, पर्यावरणीय गहनताको चित्रण, पर्यावरणीय नारीवादी चेतनाको प्रस्तुति, जनजाति र पर्यावरणका बीचको तादात्म्य तथा ग्राम्य र अप्रदूषित प्रकृतिको संवेदनशील चित्रण गरिएको भन्ने विचार पर्यावरणीय मान्यताका आधारमा अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यस अनुसन्धानमा सोद्देश्य नमुना छनोट पद्धतिबाट पाठगत तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गरी निबन्धको विश्लेषणका लागि पर्यावरणीय समालोचनाका आधारभूत मान्यतालाई सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका रूपमा अवलम्बन गरी निबन्धको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा गहन पर्यावरण, पर्यावरणीय नारीवाद, जनजातीय पर्यावरणका मान्यतालाई विश्लेषणको ढाँचाका रूपमा उपयोग गरी बाइस वटा उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा वातावरणीय विनाशको चिन्ताका साथै सामाजिक पहिचान र लैङ्गिक सन्दर्भबाट आउने जनजातीय र नारीवादी पर्यावरणीय सौन्दर्य चेतनाका दृष्टिले पनि उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्ध सबल रहेको तथा पर्यावरणप्रतिको सचेतता सघन रूपमा रहेको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
Agreement of HVID/WTW measurements made by 5 devices and their correspondence to the distance from angle to angle (ATA)
Authors: Saliev Ikbol
Published: June 2023

Purpose: to determine the consistency of HVID/WTW measurements on 5 devices, and their correspondence to the distance from angle to angle (ATA).
Methods
The relevant information on 30 right eyes was obtained from 30 volunteers. A prospective study was conducted using Wavelight Topolayzer Vario (Alcon), IOL Master 700 (Zeiss), OA2000 (Tomey), AS-OCT Casia 2 (Tomey), Zeiss Atlas 9000 (Carl Zeiss) instruments. Agreement between the measurement s made by these devices in the HVID/WTW was analyzed, and the HVID/WTW scores of each device were compared with ATA scores.
Results
The average values ​ ​ of HVID/WTW in Wavelight Topolayzer Vario, IOL Master 700, OA2000, Zeiss Atlas 9000 devices were 11.73 ± 0.33 mm, 12.01 ± 0.34 mm, 12.01 ± 0.27 mm, and 12.2 ± 0.37 mm, respectively. The mean ATA was 11.68 mm on the AS-OCT Casia2 device. The smallest difference in ATA and HVID/WTW was observed on the Wavelight Topolyzer Vario instrument which averaged 0.05±0.102mm 95% LoA (-0.41 to 0.32) (p < 0.05). The largest difference was observed between AS-OCT Casia 2 and Atlas 9000 which averaged 0.52±0.234mm 95% LoA (from-1.21 to 0.17) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Our study found that the results of measurements of HVID/WTW on the Wavelight Topolayzer Vario device are optimal when compared with ATA.
Doppler ocular ultrasound in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Аліфанов Ігор
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To determine ocular blood flow parameters by Doppler ultrasound scanning in type 2 diabetic patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy.

Material and Methods: In this prospective study, forty-five patients (90 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups of 15 patients each: no diabetic retinopathy group (DR0), non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative retinopathy (PDR) groups. Doppler indices such as systolic blood flow velocity (Vs), diastolic blood flow velocity (Vd), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI) in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) were determined. ANOVA was used for quantitative comparisons between the three groups.

Results: There was a significant (р less 0.05) decrease in (a) the Vs from 71.1 +- 20.6 cm/s in the DR0 group to 59.9 +- 16.7 cm/s in the NPDR group and 47.4 +- 16.4 cm/s in the PDR group, (b) Vd from 22.1 +- 6.9 cm/s to 17.0 +- 6.6 cm/s and 12.3 +- 5.9 cm/s, respectively; and (c) TAMXV from 37.2 +- 11.3 cm/s to 31.9 +- 9.1 cm/s and 25.3 +- 9.7 cm/s, respectively, and an increase in the RI from 0.69 +- 0.06 cm/s to 0.71 +- 0.09 cm/s and 0.75 +- 0.08 cm/s, respectively, in the OA. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the Vd from 9.9 +- 5.4 cm/s in the DR0 group to 8.1 +- 3.8 cm/s in the NPDR group and 5.5 +- 3.1 cm/s in the PDR group, and an increase in the PI from 1.34 +- 0.16 cm/s to 1.46 +- 0.28 cm/s and 1.54 +- 0.24 cm/s, respectively, and in the RI from 0.71 +- 0.06 cm/s to 0.75 +- 0.07 cm/s and 0.80 +- 0.05 cm/s, respectively, in the CRA. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the Vd from 4.3 +- 1.6 cm/s in the DR0 group to 3.2 +- 2.0 cm/s in the NPDR group and 3.1 +- 2.2 cm/s in the PDR group, and an increase in the PI from 1.32 +- 0.21 cm/s to 1.37 +- 0.24 cm/s and 1.54 +- 0.26 cm/s, respectively, and in the RI from 0.76 +- 0.04 cm/s to 0.82 +- 0.06 cm/s and 0.82 +- 0.06 cm/s, respectively, in the SPCA.

Conclusion: We found that the arteries examined in patients with diabetic retinopathy tended to have decreased blood flow velocities and increased resistivity and pulsatility indices, with the greatest changes observed in patients with PDR. In addition, the difference in mean values of most Doppler indices between the PDR and NPDR groups was larger than that between the NPDR and DR0 groups.
Preconditioning-induced retinal protection appears promising: a review
Authors: Задорожний Олег , Король Андрій , Пасєчнікова Наталія
Published: June 2023

Like human and animal myocardium and cerebral nervous tissue, the human and animal retina has powerful intrinsic adaptive mechanisms which can improve cell protection under adverse conditions. These endogenous protective mechanisms are capable of improving the resistance of retinal cells to adverse factors and can be triggered by brief episodes of different subthreshold stimuli (ischemia, photobiomodulation, hypothermia, etc.) preceding a subsequent more sustained injury, a process which is called preconditioning. Results of years of laboratory and clinical studies have demonstrated amazing cardiac protection and cerebral protection opportunities from preconditioning. Although the results of in vivo preclinical studies of retinal conditioning are promising, the benefits from the found effects of preconditioning on the protection of the human retina are still to be assessed. The overview presented highlights some aspects of the research and use of protective effects of preconditioning in various fields of medicine. The results of laboratory studies of endogenous mechanisms of retinal cell protection are discussed herein, along with our recommendations for prospective areas of future use of the effects in cinical ophthalmology for retinal protection.
In Memoriam: Prof. Valerii Viktorovych Vit
Authors: Полякова Світлана
Published: June 2023

The legendary professor Valerii Viktorovych Vit passed away on April 22, 2023.

He was born in Odesa in 1948.

After graduating from the Faculty of General Medicine, Odesa Medical Institute, in 1972, Vit worked some time as a dissector at Odesa Regional Hospital.

He began his science career at the Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy in 1975 as a junior research associate at the Pathomorphology Laboratory, became head of the laboratory in 1978 and was promoted to the Deputy Director for Science at the institute in 1991.

Valerii Viktorovych Vit defended his Cand Sc (Med) thesis in 1978, and doctoral (Dr Sc (Med)) dissertation, The Pathological Anatomy and Therapeutic Pathomorphosis of Human Pigmented Uveal Tumors, in 1986. The dissertation research was conducted under Professor V.V. Voino-Yasenetskyi, an outstanding scientist, and focused on the morphogenesis and malignancy of human choroidal and ciliary tumors. Valerii Viktorovych Vit was promoted to professorship in 1989.

He authored or co-authored about 400 papers and five monographs on visual system structure and the pathological anatomy of eye disease. Five individuals completed their Dr Sc (Med) degrees, and 18, their Cand Sc (Med) degrees, under the supervision or mentorship of Prof. Vit.

He was the first to raise questions on the value of ocular oncology studies on (a) the transformation of an eye tumor in the course of treatment and (b) the efficacy of the therapy used for treatment.

He will be remembered as an exceptionally talented doctor, scientist and manager of high competence and great professional experience and a person with a strong commitment to work.

By his pupils and colleagues, Professor Vit, a true professional in his field, will remain a cherished memory. We offer our condolences to his family and loved ones.
Analysis of subjective signs in patients after secondary glaucoma surgeries
Authors: Sekac Juraj , Ferkova Silvia , Popov Ivajlo , Valaskova Jela , Furda Robert , Lyskova Darina , Plesnikova Paulina , Rybar Jan , Puzserova Angelika , Furdová Alena
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Implementation of quality-of-life standards for patients with secondary glaucoma after surgery.
Material and methods
Data analysis included secondary surgical glaucoma patients with a time interval of 4 years. Patients were followed up to 3 years after surgery to answer questions related to subjective perceptions after the surgical intervention (pain, discomfort, near vision, distance vision, intermediate vision, and normal activity). We were also interested in the overall quality of life and the effect on the patient's psyche when performing certain surgical techniques.
Results
As part of the questionnaire, patients were asked 36 questions. Responses were received from 98 patients. Thirty-five respondents (97.2%) of patients who underwent cyclocryopexy reported tolerable, minimal, or no pain during and immediately after surgery, with the majority of patients reporting minimal pain. Twenty-one patients (58.3%) did not complain of pain until one year after surgery.
According to the survey, 16 respondents (25%) had undergone trabeculectomy. Most respondents reported tolerable pain during surgery, minimal pain for 2 weeks after surgery, and no or minimal pain 2 years after surgery. Eleven respondents (68.8%) answered that their eyesight improved in daily life, but the majority of nine (56.3%) did not notice any change in their vision during short-distance movement, short-distance work, or reading. Most serious problems had patients after cyclocryocoagulation or enucleation of the eye globe.
Conclusion
Secondary glaucoma surgery for every patient should be personalized and tailored to the patient's every need, taking into account the patient's current health status, knowledge and skills as well as socioeconomic circumstances.
Chitosan- (Prunus avium) Gum Nanocapsules Loaded with Orange Peel Extract
Authors: Alidee Tahani , Habbal Hoda , Karabet Francois
Published: June 2023

The orange peel extract (OE) is an additive material that has been used widely as a natural antioxidant source and bioactive compounds in Pharmaceutical and food sector. The poor stability and degradation of this extract were considered problems in the industry. New technologies have been introduced recently to prevent this degradation as encapsulation.

In this work, chitosan (CS) and Prunus avium gum (PG) were proposed as promising based materials for encapsulation OE via ionic gelation method.  The effect of different ratios of CS: PG and CS: OE on encapsulation efficiency (EE %) and the capsules size were investigated. The EE% of CS-PG was ranged from 60.63 to 87.06 % with a size range of 40 to 95nm according to Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) images. The formulation with the highest EE% was chosen to be characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and in vitro release study. The FTIR spectra confirm the cross-linking between the NH3+ group in CS and the negative functional group (-COO-) in PG. According to SEM micrographs, the capsules showed a spongy porous structure. The in vitro release study indicated that the release of OE from CS-PG matrix in the acidic and neutral medium was 55.15 and 52.67% respectively after incubation for 240 minutes. This study found that CS-PG can be used as an effective wall matrix for encapsulating OE and delivering it into the gastrointestinal system.
Evaluating the Benefits of Using Mobile Application (diarrhea management step by step) in the Management of Diarrhea by Community Pharmacists
Authors: Mikhael Ehab Mudher , Fadya Yaqoob Al-Hamadani  , Ali Mohammed Hadi
Published: June 2023

Diarrhea is one of the most commonly encountered minor ailments in the community pharmacies. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the majority of pharmacists in Iraq did not manage diarrheal cases in a proper way. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the benefit of a new mobile application (diarrhea management step by step) to improve the pharmacist's role in the management of diarrhea. The study was conducted from 21th September to 21th October 2021 using a pre-post design via a simulated patient (SP) technique. A validated diarrhea scenario was presented to each pharmacist by the SP twice, once before and the other after giving the mobile application to the pharmacist. Furthermore, pharmacists were asked to rate the application in regard to its ease of use, reducing the time needed for management of diarrhea cases, reducing diagnostic errors, reducing  medication errors, and applicability in daily clinical practice. The study sample involved 50 community pharmacists. However, only 47 completed the study. After using the application, all questions necessary to assess diarrhea were significantly improved. Moreover, the average number of questions asked to the SP was significantly increased. On the other hand, providing the SP with an appropriate non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment was also significantly improved. Additionally, counseling the SP with the necessary information about dispensed medication was improved; however, significant improvement was detected only in regard to information about the drug dose and dosing frequency. Most participated pharmacists strongly agreed with the application ease of use, its ability to reduce diagnosis and medication errors, and its applicability for use in daily clinical practice.  In conclusion the tested application is an effective method to improve the pharmacist's role in the assessment and management of diarrhea.
« Pour les mettre en état de gagner leur vie » : propriété, stratégies familiales et rapport à l’avenir au tournant du XXe siècle en Mauricie (Québec)
Authors: Nootens Thierry
Published: June 2023

Cet article exploite des documents judiciaires particuliers – des demandes d’autorisation à vendre les biens d’enfants mineurs – afin de contribuer à l’étude des stratégies familiales durant la transition au capitalisme industriel au Québec. Ces sources sont surtout précieuses en ce qu’elles permettent de saisir sur le vif des moments charnières des trajectoires familiales, moments marqués simultanément par des difficultés économiques profondes et la recherche d’un nouvel avenir pour la famille. Trois objectifs ont guidé l’analyse : documenter les formes de précarité vécue par les petits propriétaires urbains et ruraux durant les années 1880–1930; mettre en évidence les rapports familiaux et communautaires ayant marqué le parcours de ces ménages; inscrire les résultats obtenus dans l’histoire des sociétés propriétaristes d’avant la grande cassure des années 1930. Nous verrons que c’est également au cœur de la vie privée et de ses aléas que se reproduisaient de profondes (et brutales) inégalités sociales au tournant du XXe siècle, aux côtés du marché du travail et de l’exploitation capitaliste de la force de travail.
تجربة الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا في تدريس الإعلام الرقمي
Authors: Altabaa Homam , Iskandar Iylia Marsya , Al-Hidabi Dawood , Hamawiya Adham
Published: June 2023

منصة IIUMToday هي المصدر الرئيس لأخبار الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا، ويعمل على إدارتها والنشر فيها طلبة الجامعة منذ إنشائها مطلع مايو 2014، وذلك بإشراف قسم الإعلام في كلية عبد الحميد أبو سليمان لمعارف الوحي الإسلامي والعلوم الإنسانية، ويهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل تجربة المنصة للكشف عن مدى نجاح الطلبة الإعلاميين في تطوير مهاراتهم لمواكبة متطلبات صناعة الإعلام بعامة، والإعلام الرقمي بخاصة، وقد توسَّل البحث النهج النوعي وأسلوب التحليل الموضوعي لمقابلات مطولة تفصيلية أُجريت مع عينة قصدية من المنتسبين إلى منصة IIUMToday، ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصَّل إليها البحث أن الإعلام الجامعي عنصر مهم ينبغي له أن يتأصل في المناهج التدريسية لأقسام الإعلام، وذلك من أجل ضمان حصول الطلبة على خبرة عملية كافية بخلاف التدريب الإلزامي.
EFEITO DA OFICINA DE CULINÁRIA SOBRE A ACEITABILIDADE INFANTIL DE PRODUTOS COM ADIÇÃO DE HORTALIÇA
Authors: Silva Ana Caroline , Amaral Luane Aparecida do , Santos Elisvânia Freitas dos , Novello Daiana
Published: June 2023

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da oficina de culinária sobre a aceitabilidade de produtos elaborados com acelga entre crianças e analisar sua composição físico-química. Participaram 120 escolares, com idade entre 7 e 10 anos. Foram elaborados quatro produtos nas oficinas: brigadeiro, muffin, panqueca e torta, que foram avaliados em relação à aceitabilidade e composição físico-química. As crianças foram organizadas em 2 grupos - grupo controle, que apenas avaliou sensorialmente os produtos, sem participar das oficinas de culinária; e o grupo intervenção, que avaliou os produtos após participar das oficinas de culinária. Todos os produtos tiveram maiores notas na avaliação sensorial após a realização das oficinas de culinária, além de apresentarem elevados Índices de Aceitabilidade (> 70%). O muffin apresentou menor teor de umidade (p<0,05), enquanto a torta teve o maior conteúdo de cinzas. Teores mais elevados de proteína, lipídeo e energia e menor de carboidrato foram constatados para a panqueca. Já o brigadeiro foi o produto com maior quantidade de umidade e carboidrato e menores de cinzas, proteína, lipídeo e energia. Os produtos foram classificados como fonte de fibra alimentar, uma vez que apresentaram mais que 3% do composto em seu perfil nutricional. Conclui-se que a oficina de culinária é uma estratégia educativa eficaz para melhorar a aceitabilidade de produtos alimentícios adicionados de acelga por crianças. Além disso, esses produtos apresentam um bom perfil nutricional, o que promove a oferta de alimentos mais saudáveis para esse público.
USO DE APLICATIVOS DE DELIVERY E PRÁTICAS ALIMENTARES POR PROFESSORES DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO INTERIOR DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Zanella Laura , Alves Ana Luisa Sant'Anna , De Rocco Natália , Pasqualotto Danieli Cristina Torella
Published: June 2023

Ao longo dos anos, observa-se mudanças nos padrões alimentares da sociedade, alimentos saudáveis estão sendo substituídas por alimentos de rápido consumo. Com a pandemia COVID-19, medidas foram tomadas para conter o vírus, dentre elas, fechamento das atividades não essenciais. Assim, abriu-se espaço para os aplicativos de delivery de comida, principalmente fast food. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a relação entre o uso de aplicativos de delivery e práticas alimentares por professores do município de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul durante a pandemia COVID-19. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, por meio de formulário eletrônico. Foram avaliadas as características demográficas, nível econômico, uso de aplicativos para a compra de fast food, frequência e motivo, além das práticas alimentares. Foram incluídos 108 indivíduos, idade média de 42,81 anos. 54,6% dos avaliados faziam uso de aplicativos de delivery para compra de fast food, sendo que 67,8% faziam com uma frequência menor que 1 vez na semana. Em relação as práticas alimentares, o escore médio foi 45,47 pontos, considerado excelente prática alimentar, na comparação com o uso de delivery, o escore médio dos professores que não faziam uso de delivery foi maior quando comparado com o escore médio dos professores que faziam uso de aplicativo. Foi observada elevada prevalência do uso de aplicativos de delivery por professores durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e sua relação com as práticas alimentares. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de ações de educação nutricional com vistas a sensibilização acerca do uso consciente e moderado de aplicativos de delivery.
MODELO DIDÁTICO PARA A TERCEIRA IDADE
Authors: Cruz Lutécia Hiera da , Moda Deise Borchhardt , Konkol Ana Paula
Published: June 2023

Neste artigo serão apresentados os resultados de um estudo que visou a elaboração de um modelo didático, por meio da investigação temática sobre “polímeros e educação ambiental”. O estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, foi desenvolvido em uma Universidade Pública no município de União da Vitória-PR com os integrantes da Associação da Faculdade da Terceira Idade (AFATI). Através da temática proposta, foi possível o desenvolvimento do trabalho para abordagem dos temas presentes no cotidiano da sociedade, tais como: Consumismo, Meio Ambiente e Reciclagem, correlacionando-os com situações vivenciadas pelos integrantes da AFATI e ressaltando as relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade abordadas em sala de aula. A contextualização da temática trabalhada aliada ao uso de uma metodologia diferenciada proporcionou uma aula mais dinâmica, atrativa e interativa, aproximando a Química da sociedade e possibilitando aos participantes a construção do conhecimento em relação às propriedades dos polímeros, bem como compreensão da problemática ambiental associada ao uso de materiais poliméricos (plásticos), separação de resíduos para reciclagem e métodos alternativos de reutilização, facilitando o processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E PRÁTICAS SUSTENTÁVEIS DE GRADUANDOS DA FACULDADE ESTÁCIO, CASTANHAL-PA
Authors: Alves Reynan Jorge Monteiro , Monteiro-Alves Raynon Joel , Gonçalves Janaína Pinheiro , Tavares-Martins Ana Cláudia Caldeira
Published: June 2023

Este estudo objetivou analisar as experiências relacionadas à Educação Ambiental (EA) e práticas sustentáveis de acadêmicos da Faculdade Estácio de Castanhal-PA. Foram entrevistados aleatoriamente 144 acadêmicos por meio de um formulário semiestruturado. Os informantes foram predominantemente mulheres, idade entre 16 e 59 anos, pertenciam a diferentes cursos e a maioria já tinha participado de cursos e atividades sobre EA, inclusive na referida faculdade. Estes acadêmicos realizavam, em distintas frequências, todas as ações sustentáveis definidas neste estudo, e a principal prática cotidiana citada foi o descarte adequado de resíduos. Entretanto, percebeu-se que este é um processo incipiente e, apesar de haver um determinado conhecimento sobre o assunto, outros fatores influenciam a consumação das práticas sustentáveis, como os de ordem econômica. Portanto, a EA ainda exerce pouca influência sobre a consciência ambiental e ações de sustentabilidade dos discentes, porém, as práticas já existentes precisam ser mais trabalhadas ao longo do processo de formação pessoal e profissional.
Urban Planning Criteria for Defining Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS)
Authors: Rexhepi Zejnulla , Gašparović Sanja , Jukić Tihomir
Published: June 2023

This research is based on the systematic literature review related to the definition of Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS). POPS arise as a bonus of the urban planning concession resulting from negotiations between private investors and city administration. The question arises whether, during their formation, the urbanistic criteria that ensure public space quality are sufficiently represented, or the superior private interest results in critical urban quality aspects. By comparatively analyzing the definitions’ key features, nine specific POPS aspects have been identified and classified into two categories according to basic criteria: impact on investors and on broader urban contexts. The results show that a group of spatial criteria (usage impact, user’s perception, connectivity, urbanity and socialization) have been neglected or ignored in defining POPS. Current definitions do not consider the importance of POPS influence in a wider urban context and POPS is not, in any way, controlled or connected to the comprehensive process of urban planning, which can lead to a neglect of the fundamental roles and quality of public space. Further studies should focus on analyzing the impact of POPS in a broader urban context as well as defining mandatory urban planning criteria for insuring the quality of public space.
Designing a Mystic Writing Pad after Auschwitz: Daniel Libeskind and Peter Eisenman
Authors: Yoncacı-Arslan Pelin
Published: June 2023

In an attempt to revisit two architectural pieces of commemoration designed by two influential architects, the Garden of Exile by Daniel Libeskind and the Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe by Peter Eisenman, it is worthwhile to recall Sigmund Freud’s 1925 essay “A Note Upon the ‘Mystic Writing-Pad”. This paper elaborates on the association between writing and memory and introduces how these architects use topography while placing gigantic rectangular blocks as a peculiar analogy to Freud’s technique per se, that is, ‘writing on a surface.’ This argument opens up the discussion on the longitudinal cross sections and the experiential qualities of these projects concentrating on their particular internalization of memory and time. Then comes Walter Benjamin and his notion of allegory into the picture to claim that Libeskind’s concept of ‘reading the note’ may differ from Eisenman’s in a reasonably crucial way. The latter’s architecture expands the idea of memory and it’s further functioning and places it in the realm of allegorical experience.