bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ РАННЕЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПРОГРЕССИРОВАНИЯ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ИШЕМИИ МОЗГА
Authors: Сохина В. С.
Published: February 2021

Цель – определить диагностическую значимость функциональной активности рецепторов тромбоцитов при прогрессировании хронической ишемии мозга и разработать модель прогнозирования риска развития 3-й стадии заболевания. Исследование носило проспективный характер и включало 107 пациентов с клиническими и нейро-визуализационными признаками ХИМ. Обследование проводилось до начала лечения и включало клинико-неврологическое и нейропсихологическое исследование; ультразвуковую допплерографию брахиоцефальных артерий, компьютерную и магнитно-резонансную томографию головного мозга. Для изучения функциональной активности рецепторов тромбоцитов использовали агонисты рецепторов, участвующих в патогенезе ХИМ, в частности АДФ (лиганд пуриновых Р2Y-рецепторов), ангиотензин-2 (лиганд АТ1-рецептора), фактор активации тромбоцитов (лиганд ФАТ-рецептора), адреналин (неселективный лиганд α2-адренорецепторов) коллаген IV типа (лигпанд GPVI-рецептора). Оценку агрегации тромбоцитов проводили турбидиметрическим методом на анализаторе ChronoLog (США) Для анализа связи стадий ХИМ со значением активности рецепторов тромбоцитов использованы методы парного корреляционного анализа и построения моделей линейной регрессии. Выявлены 7 значимых факторов риска, тесно связанных со стадией ХИМ. В наибольшей степени риск 3-й стадии хронической ишемии мозга был связан с уровнем АДФ-индуцированной агрегации тромбоцитов (активностью Р2Y-рецептора). Площадь под кривой операционных характеристик для модели, рассчитанной на основании значений данного индикатора, достигала 0,968 (AUC=0,968; 95% ДИ 0,92-0,99), что свидетельствует о высокой диагностической значимости предлагаемого теста. Для выбранного критического порога АДФ-индуцированной агрегации тромбоцитов чувствительность предлагаемого диагностического теста составляет 88,8% (95% ДИ 75,9-96,3) и специфичность – 91,9% (95% ДИ 82,2-97,3). Выявление лиц высокого риска прогрессирования ХИМ на более ранней стадии с использованием модели может привести к улучшению профилактических и терапевтических методов лечения пациентов с цереброваскулярной патологией.
ОПЫТ РАБОТЫ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННОГО ЦЕНТРА ПО ЛЕЧЕНИЮ БОЛЬНЫХ С ОСТРЫМ КРОВОТЕЧЕНИЕМ В ПРОСВЕТ ПИЩЕВАРИТЕЛЬНОГО КАНАЛА
Authors: Васильев А. А. , Смирнов Н. Л. , Соколов М. В. , Ельский И. К. , Мединцева А. К.
Published: February 2021

Проблема острых кровотечений в просвет пищеварительного канала (ОКППК) остается сложной и до конца не решенной. В статье рассмотрены структура ОКППК, методы и результаты лечения больных, находящихся на лечении в КУ «ЦГКБ № 16 г. Донецка» в период с 2014 по 2018 гг.
ПРИЧИНЫ СМЕРТИ МОЛОДЫХ БОЛЬНЫХ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИ ИНДУЦИРОВАННОЙ ГИПЕРТОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ
Authors: Игнатенко Г. А. , Мухин И. В. , Джоджуа Р. А. , Дубовик А. В. , Контовский Е. А.
Published: February 2021

Гипертоническая болезнь у молодых пациентов (моложе 50 лет) характеризуется прогрессирующим характером течения гипертензивного синдрома, быстрым вовлечением в процесс органов-мишеней, высокой частотой повышения диастолического давления за счет периферического сосудистого спазма/ремоделирования, явно недостаточной или неоптимальной приверженностью к лечению и высокой частотой развития осложнений, в т.ч. фатальных.Присутствие генетических маркеров у больных гипертонической болезнью ассоциируется с негативным прогнозом, связанным прежде всего с фатальными кардио- и цереброваскулярными событиями и нарушениями ритма сердца.Основной целью комплекса лечебных (медикаментозных и немедикаментозных) направлений является снижение кардиоваскулярного риска, вероятности развития фатальных и нефатальных осложнений.Гипокси-гиперокситерапия является одним из принципиально новых немедикаментозных направлений, которое целесообразно использовать для коррекции комплекса клинических и лабораторных параметров у больных гипертонической болезнью молодого возраста с недостаточной приверженностью к лечению как для длительного комбинированного лечения, так и кардиореабилитации.Цель исследования заключалась в анализе причин смерти молодых больных с генетически индуцированной гипертонической болезнью. Основными причинами смерти у больных с генетически индуцированным вариантом течения гипертонической болезни явились: геморрагический инсульт, инфаркт миокарда и ассоциированный с ним отек легких (острая левожелудочковая сердечная недостаточность).Частота фатальных случае находится в непосредственной зависимости от наличия/отсутствия генетических маркеров гипертонической болезни и достижения или недостижения целевого уровня артериального давления. Наименьшая частота смертельных исходов наблюдалась у больных группы 1 с негативными результатами генетического тестирования. Второе место по нарастанию частоты фатальных исходов занимает группа 1. Третье место принадлежит подгруппе 2Б и четвертое – подгруппе 2А. Гипокси-гиперокситерапия как компонент продолжительной лечебной программы позволяет достоверно снизить частоту смертельных исходов у больных с генетически индуцированным вариантом гипертонической болезни преимущественно за счет острых кардиоваскулярных и цереброваскулярных событий, что, по-видимому, обусловлено потенцированием антигипертензивного эффекта базовых антигипертензивных классов, а также эффектами сосудистой кардио- и церебропротекции.
ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПАТОГЕНЕЗА РАНЕВОГО ПРОЦЕССА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПЕРВИЧНЫМИ ГРЫЖАМИ ПЕРЕДНЕЙ БРЮШНОЙ СТЕНКИ
Authors: Игнатенко Г. А. , Енгенов Н. М.
Published: February 2021

В работе проведен анализ динамики плазменного уровня кортиза, АКТГ и натрия,  осмотической резистентности эритроцитов при инкубации с адреналином и в комбинации адреналин+адреноблокатор у 162 пациентов с грыжами передней брюшной стенки различной локализации. Гетерогенные изменения уровня кортизола в крови и адренореактивности эритроцитов до и после аллогерниопластики выявлены у пациентов с первичными грыжами передней брюшной стенки. Cпецифические механизмы регуляции гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой системы идентифицированы у пациентов с различными типами реакции кортизолемии на хирургический стресс. Установили доминирование симпато-адреналового звена регуляции кортизолемии у пациентов с исходно низкими значениями уровня кортизола, а также преобладание вазопрессинового механизма активации кортикотропных нейронов у пациентов с исходно высоким уровнем кортизола в крови. Выявленные особенности функционирования центральных механизмов регуляции кортизолемии могут модулировать закономерности системного воспалительного ответа и течение тканевых реакций при формировании грыжи и воспалительно-репаративном процессе в послеоперационной ране.
РОЛЬ ВОЗРАСТНОЙ ПЕРЕМЕННОЙ В ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИИ ЛЕТАЛЬНОСТИ У ДЕТЕЙ ПО ШКАЛАМ ОЦЕНКИ СТЕПЕНИ ТЯЖЕСТИ
Authors: Колесников А. Н. , Плиев А. М. , Антропова О. С. , Мустафин Т. А. , Горелов Д. В. , Колесникова Н. А.
Published: February 2021

Детская смертность при неотложных состояниях является ключевой проблемой современной медицины. Основным трендом для медицины неотложных состояний является максимальное упрощение (удешевление и ускорение) стандартных алгоритмов сортировки, предназначенных для определения степени тяжести травмы, оценки необходимости немедленной инфузионно-трансфузионной терапии и/или хирургического (нейрохирургического, брюшнополостного) гемостаза, оценки транспортабельности пациента. Целью исследования явилась оценка роли возрастной переменной у детей при оценке стандартных и новых шкал диагностики степени тяжести и шока при различных клинических ситуациях и выявление возможной связи этих показателей с летальностью. В ретроспективном мультицентровом исследовании обследовано 413 детей разных возрастов, разделенных на группы (группа нормы, с политравмой без черепно-мозговой травмы, с новообразованиями центральной нервной системы, с гипертензионно-гидроцефальным синдромом, с тяжелой черепномозговой травмой). У детей на догоспитальном этапе и на этапе поступления в клинику, согласно цели данного исследования, оценивали следующие показатели: возраст, ЧСС (мин-1), систолическое артериальное давление, особенности неврологического статуса при оценке по детской шкале ком Глазго. На следующем этапе исследования, на основании вышеуказанных данных, мы рассчитывали показатели различных шкал. Таким образом, в результате проведенного ретроспективного исследования были получены данные, позволяющие «сузить» дальнейшее направление исследований при проведении планирующихся проспективных исследований по прогностической и диагностической ценности индексов (шкал) оценки степени тяжести у детей. Впервые получены данные у детей разных возрастных групп основных индексов, оценивающих степень тяжести шокового поражения, позволяющие в дальнейшем использовать их в качестве реферативных для оценки состояния пациента как на догоспитальном этапе, так и на госпитальных этапах лечения с целью назначения терапии и выбора «точки транспортировки».
ВАРИАНТНАЯ АНАТОМИЯ ПЕЧЕНОЧНЫХ ВЕН
Authors: Васильев В. А. , Бешуля О. А. , Селиванова Е. С.
Published: February 2021

Ангиоархитектоника печени рассматривается с анатомической и хирургической точки зрения с целью формирования представления об особенностях сосудистого русла, параметров и строения сосудов. Печеночные вены, их количество и способы деления имеют высокую вариабельность. В зависимости от их числа, варианта обеспечения оттока крови от сегмента печени определяется хирургическая тактика при операциях на печени, именно поэтому изучение системы печеночных вен имеет большое практическое значение для повышения уровня диагностики гепатобиллиарной системы.
ДИНАМИКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ЛИПОПЕРОКСИДАЦИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ ПЫЛЕВОЙ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЕГКИХ НА ФОНЕ РАЗНЫХ РЕЖИМОВ ТЕРАПИИ
Authors: Игнатенко Г. А. , Мухин И. В. , Ляшенко Е. Г. , Кошелева Е. Н. , Васякина Л. А. , Куршин Д. В.
Published: February 2021

Г.А. Игнатенко, И.В. Мухин, Е.Г. Ляшенко, Е.Н. Кошелева, Л.А. Васякина, Д.В. КуршинГОО ВПО «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет имени М. Горького», ДонецкРеспубликанский центр профпатологии и реабилитации МЗ ДНР, ДонецкДИНАМИКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ЛИПОПЕРОКСИДАЦИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ ПЫЛЕВОЙ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЕГКИХ НА ФОНЕ РАЗНЫХ РЕЖИМОВ ТЕРАПИИПылевая хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) является одной из традиционных проблем современной пульмонологии, что обусловлено ее распространенностью в промышленных регионах. Несмотря на то, что клиническая эффективность и безопасность гипербарической оксигенации (ГБО) при лечении ХОБЛ продемонстрирована в многочисленных исследованиях и имеет высокий уровень доказательности, опыт ее применения при данной патологии остается до настоящего времени недостаточным, а эффективность – не доказанной. Цель работы заключалась в анализе влияния разных режимов терапии на показатели липопероксидации у больных пылевой ХОБЛ.В исследование включены 58 больных ХОБЛ пылевой этиологии. Пациенты методом случайной выборки были распределены в 3 группы наблюдения, гомогенные по полу, возрасту, длительности и тяжести заболевания: 1-я (n=18) включала пациентов, которые, кроме базисного лечения, получали сеансы ГБО; 2-я (n=19) – беклометазон дипропионат в дозе 800 мкг/сутки; в 3-ю (n=21) группу вошли пациенты, получавшие только базисную терапию, которая предусматривала использование бронхолитика (тиотропия бромида) и антибиотиков. Для оценки интенсивности перекисного окисления липидов и состояния системы антиоксидантной защиты определялись концентрация в крови малонового диальдегида, антиокислительная активность, активность супероксиддисмутазы и каталазы. Выводы. У больных пылевой ХОБЛ установлена выраженная разбалансировка процессов перекисного окисления липидов и антиоксидантной защиты в виде не только существенного преобладания активности свободного радикального окисления, но и выраженной депрессии антиоксидантных механизмов. ГБО как компонент комплексной лечебной программы обладает самостоятельным активным антиоксидантным воздействием.
ЛУЧЕВАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ОПУХОЛЕЙ СЕЛЛЯРНОЙ И ПАРАСЕЛЛЯРНОЙ ОБЛАСТЕЙ
Authors: Савченко Е. А. , Середенко Е. В.
Published: February 2021

Опухоли селлярной и параселлярной областей головного мозга отличаются большим разнообразием. Среди всех заболеваний головного мозга эти опухоли составляют 4-4,5%,. Результаты секционных исследований свидетельствуют о более частой встречаемости этих образований по сравнению с их прижизненной диагностикой, что объясняется малосимптомным течением некоторых нозологических форм. Целью нашей работы было обобщить знания и опыт разных авторов в лучевой диагностике опухолей селлярной и параселлярной областей с учетом патоморфологических особенностей опухолевого роста и клинических проявлений.
HPTLC study to determine the antioxidant activity of dried leaves of Portulaca oleracea L.
Authors: Kesri Nandan Sharma  , Nitu Bhatnagar
Published: February 2021

This present study involves the assessment of the anti-oxidant activity study of the sample which was obtained from the methanolic extracts of dried leaves of Portulaca Oleracea L.(common name Purslane). Purslane is a rich source of Vitamin A, Vitamin-C and some other B-complex vitamins like riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine and carotenoids which are known powerful natural anti-oxidants.  Anti-oxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation. This methanolic extract of leaves was evaluated for the determination of its anti-oxidant efficiency by using 1,1–diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) by using Silica TLC plates on Camag High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) system using visionCATS software. Densitograms and chromatographs obtained show the presence of anti-oxidant activity. It is a rapid, inexpensive and straightforward method to measure anti-oxidant properties of substances after separation by HPTLC. It involves the use of the free radical, 2, 2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) which is widely used to test the ability of compounds to act as free radical scavengers or hydrogen donors and to evaluate anti-oxidant activity. When Anti-oxidants substances react with DPPH, which is a stable free radical becomes paired off in the presence of a hydrogen donor (e.g., a free radical scavenging anti-oxidant) and is reduced to the DPPHH. As a consequence, the absorbance's decreased from the DPPH.
Contractualism, Complaints, and Risk
Authors: Steuwer Bastian
Published: February 2021

How should contractualists assess the permissibility of risky actions? Both main views on the question, ex ante and ex post, fail to distinguish between different kinds of risk. In this article, I argue that this overlooks a third alternative that I call “objective ex ante contractualism”. Objective ex ante substitutes discounting complaints by epistemic risk in favor of discounting by objective risk. I further argue in favor of this new view. Objective ex ante contractualism provides the best model of justifiability to each.
Supersession, Reparations, and Restitution
Authors: Harrison Caleb
Published: February 2021

Jeremy Waldron argues that claims to reparation for historic injustices can be superseded by the demands of justice in the present. For example, justified Maori claims to reparation resulting from the wrongful appropriation of their land by European settlers may be superseded by the claim to a just distribution of resources possessed by the world’s existing inhabitants. However, if we distinguish between reparative and restitutive claims, we see that while claims to restitution may be superseded by changes in circumstance, this does not entail that claims to reparation are. In contrast, claims to reparation are robust to changes in circumstance.
Simulating impairment through virtual reality
Authors: McIntosh Jacqueline , Marques Bruno , Harkness Robyn
Published: February 2021

Research on architectural technology for health care has rapidly increased in recent years; however, little research has been conducted on the use of virtual reality for simulating impairment. This exploratory research maps the experiences of people with impairments in the often-overlooked corridors and waiting rooms of an emergency department. It questions whether the experience of an impairment can be usefully simulated for empathetic design. While using participatory processes to develop a virtual reality simulation of waiting areas, this research applies three representative impairments and then surveys 30 architectural designers to find the emotional responses of the unimpaired to the design intervention. While this research is preliminary, it is particularly valuable for the comprehension of proposed designs during the early planning and design phases, without costly and time-consuming use of full participatory processes. It finds there is significant potential for the use of virtual reality as a technology to simulate the experiences of these spaces by individuals with impairment, enabling empathetic design, and offers direction for future research.
Designing Schools for Children with Impairments: The Powers of Architecture
Authors: McIntosh Jacqueline , Marques Bruno , Lim Joelle
Published: February 2021

© 2019 Common Ground Research Networks, Jacqueline McIntosh, Bruno Marques, Joelle Lim, All Rights Reserved. Education is an important foundation of society yet children with impairments have limited opportunities for participation in school activities. There is a lack of functionality in the design of school spaces and outdoor play areas for children with impairments, arguably as there are insufficient performance guidelines that target the body condition of children with impairments. Architectural barriers that prevent a child's participation in school can decrease their quality of life, often resulting in the further deterioration of their health. This research explores existing knowledge across disciplines aimed at promoting and facilitating impaired children's physical and mental resilience and well-being in a school environment. The research method involves systematic evaluation of the current school design knowledge surrounding the creation of learning environments that target children with impairments and proposes a set of performance-based design criteria. It finds that there is a lack of health research examining the usefulness of classroom and play spaces for children with impairments, which prohibit an ideal learning environment for children with multiple impairments. In addition, it finds a demand for greater integration of outdoor play with education, which in turn can make participation within schools more enjoyable.
Architecture of geothermal places: socially and culturally responsive therapeutic landscapes
Authors: McIntosh Jacqueline , Marques Bruno , Fairbrother Kezia
Published: February 2021

No description supplied
Connecting Māori Youth and Landscape Architecture Students through Participatory Design
Authors: Rodgers Maria , Marques Bruno , McIntosh Jacqueline
Published: February 2021

No description supplied
Upaya Mengurangi Genangan Banjir Di Kampus Unesa Ketintang Surabaya Dengan Parit Resapan
Authors: Kustini Indiah , Winanti Elizabeth Titiek
Published: February 2021

KampusUnesa Ketintang selalu terjadi banjir pada setiap musim penghujan. Bila terjadi hujan deras dengan durasi  2-3 jam akan terjadi genagan setinggi 30 – 50 cm. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penyebab banjir, besar debit banjir tahunan dan menghitung parit resapan yang dapat mengurangi genangan banjir tahunan. Jenis penelitian kwantitatip, sampel penelitian lokasi genagan di kampus Unesa Ketintang. Metode pengambilan data 1) survey kondisi saluran,bozem, rumah pompa,  lokasi parit, 2) dokumentasi data sekunder, 3) menghitung nilai laju peresapan. Hasil penelitian: 1) saluran drainase berkapasitas 0,470 m3/dt, banyak semak belukar, 2) saluran yang berada di kanan kiri sepanjang jalan berkapasitas 0,312 m3/dt terdapat sedimentasi dan sampah, 3) Debit bangunan Bosem hanya menampung  0,900 m3/dt, 4) rumah pompa yang berkapasitas 0,059 m3/dt banyak rerumputan dan bisa diperluas dan diperdalam, 5) Dua buah pintu pengatur kurang dioperasionalkan, sehingga air Saluran Pembuang Sekunder Wonorejo terjadi aliran balik masuk ke kampus. Total kapasitas pada saat banjir sebesar 1741 m3/dt, kurang efektif. Debit pada masa ulang 5th sebesar Q5 = 2,062 m3/dt, dapat menyebabkan banjir sebesar 0,321 m3/dt bila prasarana yang ada berfungsi. Berdasarkan percobaan jenis tanah dengan koefisien laju rembesan sebesar K = 16, 266 cm/jam atau 0,000467 m/dt.
Adherencia del paciente al fármaco, estudio en unidades operativas del IESS
Authors: Samaniego Rojas Edgar , Andrade de Navarrete Nancy
Published: February 2021

Se analizaron cien Historias Clínicas correspondientes a 199 prescripciones médicas en la consulta externa de diversas Unidades Operativas del IESS., para determinar el grado de adherencia (compliance) de los pacientes a los fármacos prescritos. Solamente el 48.8% de las ordenes medicas fueron cumplidas por los pacientes, el incumplimiento fue más alto en el tiempo de administración que en cuanto a la cantidad del fármaco y a los intervalos de administraci6n. El 80% de los pacientes que recibieron ampollas cumplieron con la orden, solo el 40% en caso de tabletas y 30% en gotas. Ligeramente más cumplidores fueron los enfermos crónicos en relación a los agudos, y los hombres en comparaci6n a las mujeres. Entre los grupos terapéuticos, el grupo con menor adherencia fue el de los sico-­fármacos que bien podría explicarse tanto por la simulación de síntomas que suele presentar el afiliado al IESS., cuanto por la excesiva generosidad para prescribir este tipo de sustancias. Solo el 42% de pacientes comprendieron al médico cómo y cuándo administrarse los medicamentos.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Vak dan Air Berbantu Media Pembelajaran Open Office Impress Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa
Authors: Fahmi M Ali Musthofa , Buchori Achmad , Shodiqin Ali
Published: February 2021

Matematika menjadi salah satu pelajaran yang tidak disukai bagi kebanyakan siswa karena dianggap sulit. Sehingga berakibat pada kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang kurang memuaskan atau masih tergolong rendah. Alternatif pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa digunakan model pembelajaran VAK dan AIR berbantu media pembelajaran Open Office Impress. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan model pembelajaran VAK dan AIR berbantu Open office impress terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas X SMA Islam Plus Asis Penawangan. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling sehingga didapatkan tiga kelas secara acak yang digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian. Desain penelitian ini adalah Posttest Only Control Design. Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui post test. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan uji anava, dan uji scheffe’. Data hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat perbedaan rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran VAK berbantu media Open office impress, model pembelajaran AIR berbantuan media Open Office Impress dan model pembelajaran konvensional. (2) Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran VAK berbantu media Open office impress lebih baik daripada kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. (3) Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran AIR berbantuan media Open Office Impress lebih baik daripada kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. (4) Tidak ada  perbedaan rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran VAK berbantu media Open office impress dengan model pembelajaran AIR berbantuan media Open Office Impress.
Combined experimental and computational approach to the structure of a new nickel(II) complex with tridentate Schiff base ligand
Authors: Thakurta S. , Maiti M. , Butcher R.J. , Wang J. , Leszczynski J.
Published: February 2021

A combined experimental and theoretical study on a new complex [NiL(NCS)], derived from the Schiff base ligand HL, (E)-2-methoxy-6-(((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)imino)methyl)phenol is described herein. X-ray structure reveals that metal center of the complex has a square planar environment with a N3O donor set from the ligand and terminal thiocyanate anion. In the solid state, π—π stacking interactions lead to a one-dimensional arrangement with alternating short and long Ni…Ni distances. The different isomeric forms of the ligand can provide alternative molecular structures for the nickel(II) complex. Density functional theory calculations at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level were performed to elucidate the structure and stability of the possible isomeric forms of the complex.
Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Acute Respiratory Infection in Children Under Five: A Meta-Analysis
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Mare, Riestiyowati Maya Ayu , Rahardjo Setyo Sri ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Widyaningsih Vitri ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

Background: Acute Respiratory Infections are classified into the upper and lower respiratory tract infections, contributing to the leading cause of death among children under five globally. The estimation showed the deaths of more than 800,000 children under five every year or about 2,200 per day. One of the risk factors for ARI in children under five years of age is secondary exposure to tobacco smoke. This study aimed to examine the effect of cigarette smoke exposure and acute respiratory infection in children under five. Subjects and Method: This was meta analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by collecting published articles from Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Springer Link databases, from year 2010 to 2019. Keywords used “risk factor” OR “passive smoking” OR “secondhand smoking” AND “ARI due to children under five”. The inclusion criteria were full text, using English language, using cross-sectional study design, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The collected articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by fixed effect model using Revman 5.3. Results: 6 studies from Cameroon, Ethiopia, India, Nepal, and Nigeria reported that tobacco smoke exposure increased the risk of acute respiratory infection in children under five (aOR=1.39; 95% CI= 1.22 to 1.58; p<0.001). Conclusion: Tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk of acute respiratory infection in children under five. Keywords: tobacco smoke, acute respiratory infection, children under five Correspondence: Maya Ayu Riestiyowati. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: maaya.ayuu.ma@gmail.com. Mobile: 081235840067.
Meta-Analysis: Effect of Exposure to Rodent on the Risk of Leprosy in Adults
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Saputra Rizki Kurniawan , Rahardjo Setyo Sri ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

Background: Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The mechanism of transmission of leprosy consists of prolonged close contact between susceptible and genetically predisposed individuals and untreated multi-bacillary patients. The purpose of this study was to examine effect of exposure to rodent on the risk of leprosy in adults. Subjects and Method: This was meta-analysis and systematic review. The study collected articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases, which published from year 2000 to 2020. Keywords used “risk factors” OR “Leprosy” AND “rodent exposure” AND “case control”. The study subject was adults aged 26-65 years. The intervention was rodent exposure with comparison without rodent exposure. The study outcome was Leprosy. Collected articles were filtered using PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by Revman 5.3. Results: 6 studies from Brazil, Laos, Jamaica, India, Mexico, and Nicaragua were met the inclusion criteria. This study reported that exposure to rodent increased the risk of leprosy in adults (aOR= 2.32; 95% CI= 1.37 to 3.95; p= 0.002). Conclusion: Exposure to rodent increases the risk of leprosy in adults. Keywords: Leprosy, rodent, meta-analysis Correspondence: Rizki Kurniawan Saputra. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: rizkikurniawansaputra@gmail.com. Mobile: 0877 3815 2955.
Meta-Analysis: Effect of Physical Activity on the Incidence of Obesity in Female Adolescents
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jannah Putri Isriyatil , Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Prasetya Hanung ,   Study Program in Acupuncture, Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Surakarta
Published: February 2021

Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity in female adolescents is a global health problem. It is may caused by the adoption of a Western lifestyle (decrease in physical activity and an increase in the consumption of energy-dense food, high in fats and refined sugar). The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of physical activity on the incidence of obesity in female adolescents. Subjects and Method: This was meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by collecting articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases, published from 2002 to 2020. Keywords were searched using the terms “physical activity” OR “physical fitness” AND obesity AND “cross sectional” AND girls OR adolescent. The study subject was female adolescents. The intervention was low physical activity with comparison high physical activity. The study outcome was obesity. Collected articles were screened using PRISMA flowchart. The quantitative data were analyzed by Revman 5.3. Results: 6 studies from China, New York, Netherlands, Korea, Taiwan, and United States, reported that low physical activity increased the risk of obesity in female adolescents (aOR= 1.74; 95% CI= 1.11 to 2.72; p= 0.010). Conclusion: Low physical activity increased the risk of obesity in female adolescents. Keywords: obesity, physical activity, female adolescents Correspondence: Putri Isriyatil Jannah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: putriisriyatil@gmail.com. Mobile: 089634956745.
Factors Associated with Early Detection Behavior on Breast Cancer among Women in Reproductive Age using SADANIS Method
Authors:   Universitas Ngudi Waluyo, Putri Silvia Rizki Syah , Diah L Widayati, Moneca ,   Universitas Ngudi Waluyo
Published: February 2021

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In 2012, cancer was the cause of death for around 8.2 million people. Early detection of breast cancer with SADANIS method in Central Java is still low, namely 0.30% women in reproductive age. The SADANIS method is one of the government’s efforts to reduce the incidence of breast cancer. To determine the factors associated with the behavior of women on reproductive age in early detection of breast cancer using the SADANIS method in Jatirejo Village, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Suruh Community Health Center, Jatirejo Village, Central Java. The population in this study were 604 women of reproductive age aged 20-45 years in Jatirejo Village. A total of 86 women were enrolled in this study. The dependent variable was SADANIS method. The independent variables were education, occupation, husband’s supports, and attitude. The data were collected and then analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: There was a relationship between husband’s support (OR= 4.58; p=0.015) and attitude (OR= 11.96; p<0.001) with behavior in doing SADANIS among women in reproductive age and they were statistically significant. There was no relationship between education and occupation on the breast cancer early detection using SADANIS method. Conclusion: The better the attitude, the better the behavior of women in reproductive age in early detection of breast cancer with SADANIS method in Jatirejo Village, Semarang Regency. Keywords: women in reproductive age, SADANIS, early detection, breast cancer Correspondence: Silvia Rizki Syah Putri. ‘Aisyah University Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (West Ringroad) No.63 Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Email: fikes@unisayogya.ac.id Mobile: (0274) 374427 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.01
Causes of Structural Failures with Steel Structures
Authors: Alpsten Goran
Published: February 2021

This paper is based on the experience from investigating over 400 structural collapses, incidents and serious
structural damage cases with steel structures which have occurred over the past four centuries. The cause
of the failures is most often a gross human error rather than a combination of “normal” variations in
parameters affecting the load-carrying capacity, as considered in normal design procedures and structural
reliability analyses. Human errors in execution are more prevalent as cause for the failures than errors in
the design process, and the construction phase appears particularly prone to human errors. For normal
steel structures with quasi-static (non-fatigue) loading, various structural instability phenomena have been
observed to be the main collapse mode. An important observation is that welds are not as critical a cause of
structural steel failures for statically loaded steel structures as implicitly understood in current regulations
and rules for design and execution criteria.
Simple Model for Contact Stress of Strands Bent over Circular Saddles
Authors: Mohareb Sherif , Goldack Arndt , Schlaich Mike
Published: February 2021

Cable-stayed and extra-dosed bridges are today widely used bridge types. Recently, saddles have been used to deviate strands of cables in the pylons. Up to now the mechanics of strands on saddles are not well understood. It was found, that typical longitudinal contact stress distributions between strand and saddle show a strong nonlinearity and a high peak value around the detachment point, where the strand meets the saddle. This paper presents a procedure to analyse the longitudinal contact stress distribution obtained by FEM calculations: This contact stress can be idealised as a constant contact stress according to the Barlow’s formula and a contact force at the detachment point due to the flexural rigidity of the bent tension elements. An analytical model is provided to verify this contact force. Finally, a formula is presented to calculate the maximum contact stress. This study provides the basis for further research on saddle design and fatigue of strands.
Simulation of Thermal Load Distribution in Portal Frame Bridges
Authors: Gottsäter Erik , Larsson Oskar , Molnár Miklós , Crocetti Roberto , Plos Mario
Published: February 2021

Uneven exposure to e.g. solar radiation can cause temperature differences between various structural parts of a bridge, which leads to tensile stresses if the parts cannot move freely. In this study, thermal simulations and stress calculations on a model of a portal frame bridge are performed with the aim of evaluating the temperature difference between the bridge parts. It is shown that the temperature difference between parts which is proposed by Eurocode 1 is overestimated, thus the resulting stress distribution being unrealistic. Using the design method proposed by Eurocode 1 is therefore likely to exaggerate the required reinforcement in crack width limit design, which in turn would lead to unnecessary costs and environmental impacts. Further studies are needed in order to determine proper thermal load values and temperature distributions.
A higher order finite element to analyse steel-concrete composite bridge decks
Authors: Carbonari Sandro , Dezi Luigino , Gara Fabrizio , Leoni Graziano
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a novel interdependent interpolation finite element for a higher order beam model capable of capturing the shear-lag phenomenon and the overall shear deformability of composite beams. After a brief overview of the beam kinematics and of the differential solving equations, the stiffness matrix and the nodal forces to be used in a standard finite element procedure are derived in a consistent way by exploiting properties of exponential matrices and their application in the solution of linear differential equation systems. Some comparisons with solutions obtained by using finite elements with polynomial interpolating functions demonstrate the capability of the new element.
Stochastic Modelling of Wave Loads on Floating Bridges: Efficient Calculation of Cross-Spectral Densities
Authors: Giske Finn-Idar Grøtta , Leira Bernt Johan , Øiseth Ole
Published: February 2021

This paper outlines a fast and accurate approach for calculation of the auto- and cross-spectral densities in the stochastic modelling of wave loads on floating bridges. For long-term response predictions used in extreme response assessment and fatigue design, the efficiency of this approach may prove valuable. An illustration of the approach is given for a pontoon type floating bridge, and the performance is compared with the traditional computation method. The gain in computational effort is seen to increase with increasing bridge length.
Dynamic Design of modular escalator systems
Authors: Krampe Thorsten , Meinhardt Christian
Published: February 2021

To reduce the design effort and to optimize the material use for long-span escalator systems, the structural system of a modular escalator design has been investigated under dynamic aspects to avoid human induced vibrations on the staircase. The analysis included a theoretical and experimental assessment of the dynamic response of escalators due to human induced vibrations and allowed to derive a realistic loading function which reflects the typical processes for the use of those facilities.

The following paper presents the results of the dynamic analysis of several types of the modular escalator system and introduces the resulting loading characteristics which have to be considered for the dynamic design. Furthermore theoretical and experimental results will be compared including the achieved reduction by a TMD system. Finally the vibration control measures and the design criteria, as well as the design challenges will be presented.
Fatigue Behaviour of a riveted beam-to-column connection
Authors: Correia José A. F. O. , Silva António L. L. , de Jesus Abilio M. P. , Brás Isabel M. C. , Rebelo Carlos , Gervásio Helena , Simões da Silva Luis
Published: February 2021

Fatigue failures are of concern for steel bridges due to the likelihood of the steel to deteriorate under variable stresses, being recognised as the major cause of failure in metallic bridges. Residual life calculations of existing bridges in operation should take into account fatigue as a progressive damaging mechanism. The S-N approach is widely used to assess the fatigue damage of riveted connections, which is included in design codes of practice (ex: EC3-1-9, AASHTO). Alternatively, fracture mechanics has been applied to assess the residual fatigue life of damaged riveted connections. This approach requires the knowledge of the initial defect, which may be assessed by inspection. In order of obtaining a global fatigue approach is used the fracture mechanics complemented by another approach to assess the crack initiation. Local approaches to fatigue, based on local or notch stresses or strains, are normally used to assess the fatigue crack initiation. This global fatigue approach is more versatile design alternative than the S–N approach. This paper presents an experimental program of fatigue tests performed with down-scale riveted connection. The down-scale geometry is a beam-to-column connection that was motivated by a potential critical detail of the Trezói Railway Bridge. Experimental S-N data from the fatigue tests of riveted joint are compared with the EC3-1-9 class 71 S-N curve.
Knowledge-based bridge design
Authors: Sandberg Marcus , Jensen Patrik , Ramic Ida , Simonsson Peter
Published: February 2021

The increasing industrialization and standardization of construction opens up for the field of design automation, and possibilities to work with several what-if-conditions and several product candidates instead of just one or two during design. Design automation applications for building component and infrastructural part design are starting to appear within construction, but methodologies for developing such applications are few. Knowledge-based engineering (KBE) is a label for automation of routine design and analysis tasks originating from the automotive and aerospace industries. Current KBE methodologies need to be adapted for construction in order to be effective. This paper presents a methodology for producing the logic needed for design automation of bridges and discusses similarities and strengths in comparison with current KBE, configuration and modularisation methods. A case is presented where the bridge was divided into modules and the method was used to develop generic analysis procedures for the main beam of an end frame bridge. The biggest challenge was to define the dimensioning values. The study however indicated that the time for design and review of bridges can be reduced through design automation. This paper also stresses the importance of following and keeping a method updated, when developing design automation applications, to ensure future success. The methodology contributes by combining methods for modularisation and knowledge-based engineering.
A form finding issue in parametric modeling
Authors: Luczkowski Marcin , Mork John Haddal , Rønnquist Anders , Manum Bendik
Published: February 2021

This paper focuses on the development of form finding as a part of a parametric designing toolkit, which aims to make the designing process much more efficient. A special interest is placed on the form finding methods, which have been developed since 1960. In the current paper are several existing approaches compared and evaluated. Well-known methods such as the force density method, dynamic relaxation, thrust network analysis and more resent ones , like genetic algorithm approach are presented and compared on the simple 2D example and 3D shell. Both the mathematical structures as well as the physical basis of the suggested methods are shown. Finally, it is shown how each method approaches the initial equilibrium problem for different boundary conditions and how those methods can be adopted in parametric modelling framework.
Cost Efficiency in Design - Hyderabad Metro Rail
Authors: Sankaralingam C. , Koneru Bhavani , Viswanathan Senthil Kumar , Manoharan Paramasivam
Published: February 2021

Hyderabad Metro comprises of three high density corridors covering a distance of 72 km with ultra-modern station buildings. To tap the benefits of scale, Standardization of all component of structure was essential. Precast segmental construction was adopted with standard spans varying from 37m to 19m. 31m span was found to be optimum after careful analysis on the influence of variables such as alignment, geotechnical strata, construction and service loads and design requirement. To optimize the substructure designs, realistic modelling and analysis such as Rail Structure Interaction and P-Delta analysis was performed. Controlled Low Strength Material was used as a filler to reduce the founding depth for increased workmen safety. Portals were converted to precast for the ease of construction. Stations were designed as precast segmental Spine and wing structure at concourse level and box girder at platform level to enable faster construction and zero obstruction to traffic.
Assessment and Repair of a historic brickwork covering of River Scheldt
Authors: Van Bogaert Philippe
Published: February 2021

The double brickwork vault covering the original course of River Scheldt, built in 1885, has been serving satisfactorily for 130 years. Recent inspections revealed that some areas at the intrados of the vaults show deterioration and may be pushed out. Careful analysis has been carried out, both by the rigid block method as by a conventional FE-code, simulating the cracks and defects found during inspection. Both methods confirmed that the load-carrying capacity of the covering is certainly sufficient for present effective loading. The analysis demonstrated that load paths may be diverted around damaged areas and the load-carrying capacity may be slightly reduced. This demonstrates that careful analysis may enable to preserve historic structures for many years to come
Structural Safety in Integrated Contracts
Authors: Mans Dik-Gert , Rings Louis
Published: February 2021

In integrated contracts, the client asks the contractor to realise a building or infrastructure project inclusive design and engineering; maintenance, exploration and finance can also be part of the integrated contract. The Netherland’s Platform of Structural Safety initiated a research on the practice of assuring structural safety in integrated contracts. This was done through an evaluation of six projects. Goal was to collect best practices, for the client and the contractor, to incorporate the assurance for structural safety in the complete process of the projects. The research focusses on contracts initiated by governmental bodies and semi-governmental bodies.
Structural Innovation: A Dissection of Confidence
Authors: Sarkisian Mark , Mathias Neville
Published: February 2021

What does it take to have the confidence to implement a new idea, process, or method—to innovate—in the field of structural engineering? This question is examined by the authors using their experience as practicing engineers in a firm that has always prided itself on trying to bring innovation to all it does. Examples from recent projects implemented in China are cited.
A Cradle-to-Gate Framework for Optimizing Material Production in Road Construction
Authors: Jassim Hassanean , Krantz Jan , Lu Weizhuo , Olofsson Thomas
Published: February 2021

In road construction, large quantities of raw materials are extracted and transported during several stages of its life cycle. Consequently, processing and preparation of raw materials for different purposes inevitably result in considerable amount of energy use and emissions of air pollutants. The Swedish Transportation Administration has an ambition to minimize environmental impacts from transport infrastructure projects by, for instance, reducing the energy use and emissions of greenhouse gases. This can be achieved by implementing specific strategies and techniques during various stages throughout the life cycle of the project. In this paper a framework is proposed to manage the energy use and greenhouse gases emissions from raw materials extraction processes in road construction projects. A prototype is developed based on the framework and demonstrated in a small case study.