bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SKYNET 2023 Conception of the Artificial Super Intelligence Project. A System Approach. ver. 3
Authors: Novikov Alexander E.
Published: December 2023

This Book (White Paper) proposes a Project Conception of Artificial Super Intelligence ASI, based on (strong) system approach and wide theoretical-methodological framework – Cybernetics, Synergetics, Semiotics, Mathematics, Cognitology and Artificial Intelligence. Contents:•IDEOLOGY and STRATEGY of the ASI Project•THEORY and METHODOLOGY of ASI Development•CONCEPTUAL MODEL of ASI System•PRE-PROJECT R and D Task Setting•CONCLUSION and DISCUSSION, incl. AI Safety•APPENDICES with reviews of relevant scientific and R and D areas, incl. frontier AI ModelsThe Book may be useful and interesting for the staff of organizations and enterprises concerned with AI R and D and implementations in different areas, firstly – perspective AGI/ASI systems. In addition – for Customers, Investors and Sponsors of such R and Ds, private, public and states – its owners and officials. Of course - all intellectual, educated and ethical people with progressive worldviews, interested or anyway considered in above presented problematics.Version 3 (15) with some additions - Overview of some interesting new (2024 H1) publications on R and Ds in the areas outlined in our Project, confirming the correctness of our conclusions and tasks for the future work. See Appendix O and briefly - Chapter 61.
Binding the Future: Long-sighted altruism boosts intergenerational sustainability
Authors: Halali Eliran , Perez Oren
Published: December 2023

Intergenerational cooperation, essential for addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today, is particularly challenging to achieve. The risk of asteroid impact, biodiversity, and AI safety are archetypal examples of such intergenerational social dilemmas, but the most formidable and pressing one is climate change. A unique challenge of intergenerational social dilemmas is that key mechanisms that facilitate cooperation in single-period social dilemmas (reciprocity and third-party punishment) or compensate for its absence (formal compliance mechanisms) are lacking in the intergenerational context. An effective solution for fostering multigenerational collaboration could involve the implementation of a commitment mechanism imposed by the current generation on future generations, compelling them to continue and collaborate with subsequent generations. In the current work, we experimentally examine the behavioral aspects of implementing a commitment mechanism to enhance intergenerational collaboration. We find a widespread endorsement for using commitment mechanisms, despite their associated costs. This seems to reflect ‘long-sighted altruism’: the inclination of some individuals to forego personal gain to improve not just the welfare of the next generation but also that of a more distant one (the third). We also find that commitment mechanisms yield long-term benefits, by increasing the sustainability rate (that is, the proportion of chains that managed to sustain the common pool across all generations). Finally, our results imply that once set in motion, commitment mechanisms are highly persistent, as subsequent generations tend to continue utilizing them. These results have important implications for policymakers who explore ways to make climate policies more credible.
A Registered Report of a Two-Site Study of Variations of the Flanker Task: ERN Experimental Effects and Data Quality
Authors: Clayson Peter E , Rocha Harold A , McDonald Julia Blayne , Baldwin Scott , Larson Michael J.
Published: December 2023

Error-related negativity is a widely used measure of error monitoring, and many projects are independently moving ERN recorded during a flanker task towards standardization, optimization, and eventual clinical application. However, each project uses a different version of the flanker task and tacitly assumes ERN is functionally equivalent across each version. The routine neglect of a rigorous test of this assumption undermines efforts to integrate ERN findings across tasks, optimize and standardize ERN assessment, and widely apply ERN in clinical trials. The purpose of this registered report was to determine whether ERN shows similar experimental effects (correct vs. error trials) and data quality (intraindividual variability) during three commonly-used versions of a flanker task. ERN was recorded from 172 participants during three versions of a flanker task across two study sites. ERN scores showed numerical differences between tasks, raising questions about the comparability of ERN findings across studies and tasks. Although ERN scores from all three versions of the flanker task yielded high data quality and internal consistency, one version did outperform the other two in terms of the size of experimental effects and the data quality. Exploratory analyses of the error positivity (Pe) provided tentative support for the other two versions of the task over the paradigm that appeared optimal for ERN. The present study provides a roadmap for how to statistically compare psychometric characteristics of ERP scores across paradigms and gives preliminary recommendations for flanker tasks to use for ERN- and Pe-focused studies.
The effects of reinforcing task alternations on voluntary task selection
Authors: Held Leslie , Vermeylen Luc , Krebs Ruth , Notebaert Wim , Braem Senne
Published: December 2023

Everyday life often requires us to switch between states of cognitive flexibility and stability. However, little is yet known about what drives their regulation at the meta-control level. Based on current theories on cognitive control, we tested whether the regulation of cognitive flexibility and stability is guided by reinforcement learning. Using a task switching paradigm with double registration procedure – where people need to choose which task to perform before seeing the target, we systematically reinforced cued task switches or repetitions to test whether this led to more voluntary task switching (flexibility) or repeating (stability) on interspersed unrewarded free choice trials, respectively. While we did not find the hypothesized effect in an uninstructed version of the experiment (n=97), informing participants (n=58) on the reinforcement schedule on cued trials induced more switching or repeating on unrewarded free choice trials. We speculate that people adapt their control strategies if they are aware of the respective benefits, even when they cease to be rewarded. Interestingly, choices were predominantly driven by task preference in both experiments and strongly correlated with task performance costs. This finding suggests that, when using an interspersed design with double registration procedure, people mostly choose tasks based on task difficulty rather than switch avoidance. Together, these experiments help determine whether and when people can learn about the value of task selection strategies beyond the scope of a single task, and provide a self-regulating system to understand putative higher-order control processes.
Watch and yearn? Effects of watching gambling livestreams on cravings
Authors: Wu Raymond , Abarbanel Brett , Clark Luke
Published: December 2023

Background: Gambling content on streaming platforms, such as Twitch, has gained popularity. Given their intense, cue-laden nature, watching gambling streams may trigger cravings among viewers. At the same time, people who gamble may be motivated to watch gambling streams in an attempt to regulate their cravings. Methods: We tested these ideas across two preregistered online studies, recruiting i) people who gamble, to compare subgroups of gambling stream viewers with non-viewers (Study 1; nviewers = 221, nnon-viewers = 642), and ii) a group of gambling stream viewers (Study 2; nviewers = 271). Results: Gambling stream viewers were younger, more likely to identify as men, and displayed higher levels of problem gambling, and gambling cravings, compared to non-viewers. Problem gambling severity was correlated with both the motivation to use gambling streams to regulate cravings, and with cravings elicited by watching gambling streams. Discussion: These findings link the viewing of gambling streams both to the elicitation of cravings and the regulation of cravings, as well as to problematic gambling involvement.
‘परमानन्द’ महाकाव्यमा छन्दविधान
Authors: [Damodar Rijal] दामोदर रिजाल
Published: December 2023

कवि हिरालाल कँडेल ‘परमानन्द’ महाकाव्यका रचयिता हुन् । यो काव्यकृति पूर्वीय छन्दशास्त्रीय मान्यताअनुरूप लेखिएको छ । पूर्वीय, पाश्चात्य र नेपाली समालोचकहरूले छन्दलाई काव्यको उपकरण मानेको देखिन्छ । लौकिक र वैदिक गरी दुई वर्गमा विभाजित यसको लौकिकवर्गअन्तर्गत वृत्त र जातिजस्ता दुई भेद देखाइएका छन् । अक्षरको गणना हुने भएकाले वार्णिक र वर्णमात्रिक छन्दहरू वृत्तवर्गअन्तर्गत र ह्रस्वलाई एक अनि दीर्घलाई दुई मात्रामा गणना गरिने भएकाले मात्रिक छन्दहरू सबैलाई जातिवृत्तभित्र राखिएको छ । नेपालका समाजसुधारक र वीतरागी सज्जनपुरुष परमानन्द गुरुको चरित्राङ्कनका साथै उनका समाजरूपान्तरणसम्बन्धी अनेक सत्कर्मलाई यस महाकाव्यको कथावस्तुमा ठाउँ दिइएको छ । सत्ताइस सर्गको विस्तृत संरचनात्मक आयाम पाएको यस महाकाव्यमा चौधवटा बहुप्रचलित शास्त्रीय वार्णिक छन्दहरू प्रयोग भएका छन् । आचार्य पिङ्गलद्वारा रचित ‘छन्दसूत्र’नामक लक्षणग्रन्थ र त्यसका आधारमा विकसित गणसूत्र, गति, यति, लय, अक्षरसङ्ख्या र सम, अर्धसम तथा विषमवृत्तका शास्त्रीय मान्यतामा आधारित भई ‘परमानन्द’ महाकाव्यमा प्रयुक्त सबै छन्दहरूको यस शोधलेखमा विश्लेषण–परीक्षण गरिएको छ । विश्लेषणका क्रममा मुख्यतया यस काव्यका पद्यपङ्क्तिहरूमा गति, यतिको अवस्था र अक्षरभङ्गता खोजी गर्ने चेष्टा भएको छ । छन्दमिलानका लागि प्रचलित वर्णविन्यास व्यवस्थामाथिको अपचलन र यसप्रकारका दोषसमष्टिबाट छन्दोभङ्ग हुँदा भावास्वादनमा उत्पन्न जटिलता सङ्केत गर्न महाकाव्यीय पद्यपङ्क्तिलाई साक्ष्यका रूपमा अगाडि सारिएको छ । छन्दप्रयोगमा युक्तियुक्तता ठम्याउने उद्देश्यबाट गरिएको यस अध्ययनलाई समस्याकेन्द्री बनाइएको छ ।
Histomorphological study of breast lesion in a tertiary care centre in Kathmandu
Authors: Khadka Anu , Pudasaini Sujata , Adhikari Shreesti
Published: December 2023

Various types of lesion from inflammation to carcinoma can affect the breast. Some lesions are common in young age group while others are more common in elderly age group. Accurate diagnosis is essential to relieve anxiety of patients. In case of carcinoma, early and accurate diagnosis can save the patient from metastases thus reducing mortality and morbidity. Histopathology plays a major role in distinguishing benign lesions from malignant lesions. Hospital based descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care centre in Kathmandu over a period of eleven months (1st September 2022 to 30th July 2023). A total of 52 cases of breast lesions were included in the study. Among 52 cases, 17 (33%) were non-neoplastic and 35 (67.0%) were neoplastic. Among neoplastic, 21 (40.3%) were benign and 14 (26.9%) were malignant. Among non neoplastic lesions, inflammatory lesion (17.3%) was the most common diagnosis. Among neoplastic lesion, fibroadenoma (34.6%) was the most common diagnosis. All cases of malignant breast lesions (26.9%) were diagnosed as invasive breast carcinoma, no special type. This study helped us to analyze the histopathological spectrum and prevalence of breast lesions in this part of our country. It is well known fact that the histomorphological study of the breast lesions is an important aspect for the diagnosis, management and prognosis of breast diseases.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors: Novytskyi Y. , Zhuravlov S. , Luskan O. , Mykhailenko V. , Kuzmenko N.
Published: December 2023

Youth in modern society is the most dynamically developing link and therefore the health and lifestyle of young people is one of the main prerequisites for development in Ukraine. But when considering the current state of health of young people, we can state the fact that in the field of youth health there is a real threat to the development of the society of our state. Today, the formation of a healthy lifestyle is one of the main directions of state youth policy. The main elements of organizational work towards the formation of a healthy lifestyle for young people include promoting the activities of youth organizations that carry out the prevention of drug addiction in adolescents and young adults. A significant place in the activities of state youth policy bodies is occupied by the support of projects and programs of student social and pedagogical teams, whose activities are aimed at working with school, student, and student youth to create a healthy lifestyle for young people. This area also includes maintenance, support, and assistance in technical equipment for the activities of institutions for the prevention of deviant behavior among young people [2]. In the modern world, the problems of maintaining a healthy lifestyle come to the fore. Problems with the use of psychotropic substances among young people are gaining momentum. Increasingly, the media hears horrifying statistics on mortality from the use of psychoactive substances. Today, these problems require immediate resolution, and their solution requires confident steps from the state.
Analysis of the performance of athletes at the Olympic games and world championships from 2008 to 2023 in middle distance running (800, 1500 m)
Authors: Bobrovnick V.I. , Tkachenko M.L. , Puhachov D.O. , Kolot A.V.
Published: December 2023

Starting from 2008 until today, the total number of athletes who represented Ukraine at the Olympic Games and World Championships is 14 people. It was not difficult to calculate that if the runners (men and women) in the selection competitions at the championships of Ukraine showed the selection standard and as a result got into the team for performances in this type of discipline, their number in two types (800, 1500 m) would be 48 participants at the Olympic Games games, and the world championships - 180 people. A simple analysis shows that from 2008 to 2023, Ukrainian middle-distance runners could represent Ukraine in the number of 228 people. It was determined that athletes in many cases at qualifying competitions (Championship of Ukraine and others) do not fulfill their qualifying standards, and lose the opportunity to participate in these forums.

Based, in our opinion, on the correct understanding of the training system for middle-distance runners and its orientation, the main problems that are an obstacle in the implementation of the direction, an integral set in the accumulation of training potential, both in physical, technical and psychological impact on the athlete's body, have been identified. To solve these problems in the management system of middle-distance runner training, we have developed the main components of physical qualities (speed, dexterity, endurance, strength, flexibility), which include pedagogical and anatomical-physiological indicators that affect the development, maintenance, manifestation and promotion of forecasting entry of athletes into sports form, as well as the athlete's performance at the main annual and quadrennial competitions. The peculiarity of the developed components is that they are related to the education of the main physiological systems of the athlete and are aimed at the development of physical qualities and improvement of technical skills.
Accounting team climate in the formation of play of high league basketball players
Authors: Evtushenko I. , Butok O. , Myroshnichenko V. , Putrov S.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the role and importance of the psychological climate in women's basketball and its impact on the players' performance. It was established that teamwork is determined by the level of joint work, interaction and common goal between the players in the team. This work highlights key aspects of psychological climate consideration, such as trust, understanding of roles, effective communication and psychological preparation.

It is substantiated that the positive climate in the team contributes to the improvement of the players' performance, which can be seen from the more successful performances of the team in basketball, the decrease in the percentage of lack of technical and tactical actions and the improvement of the effectiveness of actions in attack and defense.

The study also examines the prospects for further research in this area, including the role of the coach, the development of psychological skills, the impact of different training methods and the use of modern technology. The results of this study can contribute to the improvement of the psychological climate in the teams of basketball girls and contribute to the improvement of the game and performance in this sport.
The Effect of Physical Activity on Human Quality of Life
Authors: Indyka Svitlana
Published: December 2023

The quality of life in the human health is determined by a system of certain factors, the leading position of which is a physical activity. Its decrease is a prognostic factor for the deterioration of the quality of life and an independent factor in diseases of people over 50 years old. Physical activity is a significant at any age, but age is an unmodified factor associated with its decline and deterioration of quality-of-life indicators. According to the research, the level of physical activity depends on as socio-economic status as education and correlates with indicators of quality-of-life that are quite low in older people. For example, among persons aged 80 years who had a higher education, the chances of improving their quality-of-life indicator increased almost twice. This relationship was reversed in the group of people older than 80 years, especially in women with a low level of education and single women. Gender differences in quality-of-life indicators are characteristic of persons over 65 years of age, however, at the age of over 75 such differences are not noted. Thus, a physically active lifestyle improves quality of life indicators over time, which will help determine the vector of state policy aimed at stimulating physical activity among the population completely.
O Palestine
Authors: Nusaiba Hossain
Published: December 2023

.
Psychological training program to support student technological entrepreneurship: “psycho-correctional targets” and the basics of construction
Authors: Zakharova Anna Nikolaevna , Erlygina Aniuta Nikolaevna , Gartfelder Denis Viktorovich
Published: December 2023

The psychological training program for supporting student technological entrepreneurship in the Russian educational environment of an educational institution of higher education is discussed in the article. Ways to develop entrepreneurial activity are proposed, based on the “psychocorrectional targets” identified by the authors and the psychological problems of beginning entrepreneurs.
Oral Cancer at a Glance
Authors: Saberian Elham , Jenča Andrej , Petrášová Adriána , Jenčová Janka , Atazadegan Jahromi Reza , Seiffadini Rahman
Published: December 2023

Overview: This review aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and students interested in oral cancer, providing them with up-to-date information and insights into the current state of knowledge and practice in the field. Oral cancer, also known as mouth cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the mouth, tongue, lips, or throat. It is a common form of cancer worldwide, and its incidence is increasing annually. Oral cancer can be life-threatening if not detected early and treated promptly. Methods: We searched the PubMed database, Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, Scopus, and selected studies by predefined eligibility criteria. This review aims to provide an overview of oral cancer, including its causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention strategies. Result: Oral cancer is a preventable disease, and ongoing research is providing valuable insights into its risk factors and development. With this increasing knowledge, healthcare professionals have the opportunity to improve clinical outcomes by developing better early detection and treatment strategies. By staying up-to-date with the latest advancements in biomedical sciences and dentistry, they can make a significant impact on patient outcomes and save lives. Conclusion: summarizing the key points discussed in the review and highlighting the significance of continued research and awareness efforts to combat this complex and aggressive disease.
Clinico-epidemiological Profile and Outcome of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Cancer Centre of North-East India
Authors: Randhawa Amritjot Singh , Dubey Manas , Roy Partha Sarathi , Hazarika Munlima , Khanikar Duncan
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Testicular Germ Cell Tumor (GCT) is a disease of young adults and is also highly curable. But in India, most of the patients present in an advanced stage and succumb to the disease as compared to the Western nations where patients present at an earlier stage and are mostly cured. Also, there is a scarcity of literature on testicular GCT from the Indian subcontinent. We present our experience from the Tata Memorial Centre of North-east India. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Tata Memorial Centre - BBCI, Guwahati for the period of 5 years from January 2018 to December 2022. The study focused on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment outcomes. Results: Seventy-two cases of testicular GCTs were studied (28 cases were seminoma, and 44 were non-seminoma). Most common presenting stage was stage I in seminoma (53.6%), and stage III (77.2%) in non-seminoma. As per the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) classification, 25%, 35%, and 40% of patients were good-risk, intermediate-risk, and poor-risk in non-seminoma. In patients with seminoma, 54% and 46% were in good and intermediate-risk, respectively. Seventy-two percent and 21% had achieved a radiologic complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) with conventional chemotherapy in patients with seminoma. Radiologic CR and PR rates were 20% and 61% among non-seminoma patients. The median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 43 months. RFS was better in seminoma versus non-seminoma, stage I versus stage III, and good-risk versus high-risk group. Conclusion: Most of our patients presented with an advanced stage of the disease and a high nodal burden. In patients with non-seminoma GCT, the best response to conventional chemotherapy was a partial response. The use of an alternative chemotherapy regimen to improve outcomes for such patients can be further explored.
Українське товариство Червоного Хреста: медико-санітарна діяльність і соціальна допомога населенню УСРР у 1921-1929 рр.
Authors: Мельничук Максим , Томляк Таїса
Published: December 2023

The founded of the Ukrainian Society of the Red Cross took place on the background of the simultaneous existence in Ukraine of red-colored organizations of several state institutions. So, as of 1918, the committees of the Southern Cross of the former Russian Empire continued to function. The Ukrainian Red Cross was founded in the last days of the existence of the Central Rada during the period of national liberation struggles. Of course, this situation was not favorable the Bolsheviks, who sought to unite the defined organizations and set control above their activity. After all, on November 20, 1918, the Bolshevik authorities founded the Russian Red Cross Society, which would had to operated to act as the focal point. However, the Bolsheviks understood that in the European charity movement wasn't trust to this organization. Therefore, it was decided to act through the Ukrainian network, which enjoyed trust. Thus, the Special Committee of the Ukrainian Red Cross was established on March 14, 1919, by the decree of the RNK of the Ukrainian SSR with the establishment of the Bolshevik authorities in Ukraine. This body set the task of reorganization Red Cross organizations into the single Ukrainian Red Cross and performe the functions of managing and control above their activities. The article analyzes the medical and sanitary activities of the Ukrainian Red Cross Cooperator, namely: the capacity of a public association to form self-functioning clusters of the health care system. Other areas of activity are also highlighted: counteraction social diseases, reduce the number of homeless children, improve the cultural level of the population, improve the sanitary way of life of the workers and peasants, improve the lives of children, assistance to the population in natural disasters, and organization public dining.
Contemporary Management Approaches for Spinal Subdural Hematoma in the Pediatric Population: Scoping Review
Authors:   Neurosurgery Consultant, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Saiful Anwar Academic General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia, BALAFIF Farhad , WARDHANA Donny Wisnu ,   Neurosurgery Consultant, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Saiful Anwar Academic General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia, NAZWAR Tommy Alfandy ,   Neurosurgery Consultant, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Saiful Anwar Academic General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia, MUSTOFA  ,   Neurosurgery Consultant, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Saiful Anwar Academic General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
Published: December 2023

This scoping review study describes the assessment of articles relevant to the management of spinal subdural hematoma in the pediatric population. The assessment of the articles was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Of the 14 articles analyzed, the main focus was on management as well as evidence-based approaches in cases of pediatric spinal subdural hematoma. In the reviewed articles, various aspects related to intervention techniques, prevention strategies, and post-treatment follow-up were discussed. The findings of this review highlight the importance of a holistic and evidence-based approach in managing cases of spinal subdural hematoma in the pediatric population. The clinical implications of these findings may help improve medical understanding and practice in effectively managing this complex condition.
Study of Modifiable Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases (hypertension and diabetes type 2) in the Province of Berkane: Eastern Region of Morocco
Authors:   Water, Environment & Health team, LAPABE laboratory, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University, Oujda., MHARCHI Saliha , MAAMRI Abdellatif ,   Water, Environment & Health team, LAPABE laboratory, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University, Oujda.
Published: December 2023

Background: The prevalence of mortality due to chronic diseases is quite high in Morocco (80%), where hypertension and type 2 diabetes are the tip of the iceberg. Aims: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic disease: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and the profile of modifiable risk factors in the eastern region of Morocco (Berkane). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of adults (≥ 18 years) consulting at health centers in primary care facilities. It involved a total of 404 participants. The questionnaire used includes socio-demographic, clinical and biological information of the consultants, Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the factors associated with chronic disease (CD). Results: The prevalence of T2DM was 21% and that of hypertension was 16.58%, undiagnosed T2DM constituted 12.12% and unknown hypertension 5.44%.The risk factors (RF) detected in the overall population were physical inactivity 74%, abdominal obesity 61%, sedentary lifestyle 57.42%, overweight 40%, peripheral obesity 31%, stress 47.27%, smoking 7% and alcohol use 3%. While the common RF incriminated in the pathogenesis of T2DM and hypertension were general overweight (p= 0.014) vs (p= 0.014), or visceral overweight (p= 0.016) vs (p= 0.0001). Conclusion: In the long term, diabetics and hypertensives are at risk of developing several complications that are detrimental to their health status and costly to the health system.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid of Neurosurgical Patients in Malang, Indonesia
Authors:   Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia, NAZWAR Tommy Alfandy , SAPUTRA Bagus Ramanto ,   Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, East Java, Indonesia, RETNONINGSIH Dewi ,   Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, East Java, Indonesia, BALAFIF Farhad ,   Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia, WARDHANA Donny Wisnu ,   Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Published: December 2023

Background: Central nervous system infections are a critical concern in neurosurgical practice, often leading to severe complications and prolonged hospital stays. Understanding the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of the bacteria causing these infections is essential for effective patient management. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from cerebrospinal fluid in neurosurgical patients in Malang, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures in patients who underwent craniotomy within the period of January 2019 to December 2021. The gathered data encompassed the identification of etiological agents and the determination of their respective antimicrobial susceptibilities. Data analysis was performed on a total of 33 individuals, with 67 isolates out of 239 patients and 515 CSF culture samples. Results: The preponderant microorganism identified in the sample was coagulase-negative Staphylococci, with a majority exhibiting methicillin resistance, commonly referred to as methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS). All specimens exhibited susceptibility to both vancomycin and tigecycline. Klebsiella pneumoniae, a Gram-negative bacterium, was identified as the predominant etiological agent and exhibited resistance to a substantial proportion of the antimicrobial agents tested, specifically 13 out of the 16 antimicrobials evaluated. Conclusions: The sensitivity rates of ceftriaxone and meropenem were found to be 0% and 100%, respectively. The predominant bacteria is MRCoNS, which is completely susceptible to tigecycline, vancomycin, linezolid, and nitrofurantoin. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is difficult to treat, especially in central nervous system infections when antimicrobials are scarce.
The Multidisciplinary Approach to Vaginal Leiomyosarcoma, an Extremely Rare Diagnosis - Case Report
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, STOICA Evelina , BOHILTEA Laurentiu Camil ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, DUMITRU Adrian ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, ALIUS Catalin ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, CIRSTOIU Monica Mihaela ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2023

Primary vaginal sarcoma is an extremely rare malignant condition within the field of gynecological pathologies. We present the case of a 53-year old patient with no history of gynecological issues or associated comorbidities who presented to our clinic with recurrent vaginal bleeding during menopause. We want to emphasize the importance of diagnostic management, going through all the necessary steps from local gynecological examination to vaginal biopsy, optimizing results with advanced imaging techniques. Once the histopathological diagnosis of vaginal leiomyosarcoma was established, the therapeutic approach was discussed within a multidisciplinary committee consisting of a gynecologist, surgeon, and oncologist. As a result, the patient underwent tailored surgical intervention relatively quickly after presentation, followed by referral to the oncology department, where she is currently undergoing her third course of adjuvant chemotherapy. Our current objective is the long-term follow-up of the patient and the acquisition of data regarding her survival and quality of life. These facts may contribute in the future to the implementation of standardized therapeutic guidelines for such a rare condition
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis – a Rare Cause of Difficult Evolution in a Case Of Extensive Anoperianal Suppuration
Authors:   ", ANDREI Lucian Sorin ,   Fundeni",   National Institute, Bucharest, Romania, ANDREI Adriana Corina ,   "Fundeni" National Institute, Bucharest, Romania, MICU Alexandru ,   "Fundeni" National Institute, Bucharest, Romania, MARGHESCU Stefania ,   "Mediproct" Clinic, Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2023

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is very rare, representing around 15% of all tuberculosis (TB) cases. Intestinal localization of extrapumonary TB occurs in 1% of the cases and is usually associated with HIV infection. The last portion of the ileum and the ileocecal region are most frequently involved, while perianal localization is extremely rare and has clinical and paraclinical aspects similar to Crohn’s disease, thus leading to difficulties in establishing the diagnosis. We present the case of a 41-year-old patient who came to the proctology department with perianal pain and purulent discharge. He was diagnosed by clinical examination and colonoscopy with multiple simple and complex perianal fistulas complicated with a supralevator abscess. Multiple biopsies were taken and the result was necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. The Ziehl-Neelsen test confirmed the suspicion of perianal TB.
Potencjał gmin województwa lubelskiego w świetle wybranych kategorii rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego w latach 1995–2021
Authors: Krawczyk Grzegorz
Published: December 2023

Celem artykułu jest analiza poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego gmin województwa lubelskiego w latach 1995–2021. Przedmiotem badań uczyniono 213 gmin województwa. Źródłem danych do przeprowadzonej analizy był Bank Danych Lokalnych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego. Do badania użyto analizy taksonomicznej, metody bez wzorca. Przeanalizowano 19 zmiennych w badanym okresie. Podzielono je na zmienne dotyczące rozwoju: ekonomicznego (7 zmiennych), społecznego (8 zmiennych) i technicznego (4 zmienne). W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono wzrost poziomu rozwoju w badanym okresie. Zaobserwowano, że zróżnicowanie poziomu rozwoju gmin w układzie przestrzennym zmniejsza się. Stwierdzono również, że z uwagi na przyjęte cechy akcesja Polski do Unii Europejskiej miała wpływ na spadek indeksów dynamiki przemian w badanych gminach.
Dochody podatkowe w Polsce i krajach strefy euro: 2019 i 2022
Authors: Krawczyk - Sawicka Anna
Published: December 2023

Polska i cała Europa zmaga się w dalszym ciągu z licznymi kryzysami ekonomicznymi, finansowymi, pandemicznymi czy też nasilonymi ruchami migracyjnymi oraz rosnącymi cenami energii. Sytuacja ta powoduje, że państwa zmuszone są do zwiększania wydatków publicznych, które z kolei przekładają się na wzrost długu publicznego. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba analizy i oceny kierunku zmian sytuacji finansowej w latach 2019 i 2022 zarówno w Polsce, jak i w wybranych krajach strefy euro. Do oceny zmian zastosowano metodę analizy porównawczej opartą na danych ministerialnych, dostępnych na stronie Ministerstwa Finansów oraz danych z Eurostatu. Dokonano porównania wielkości dochodów podatkowych.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Education Informatisation: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Zatserkivna Maryna , Khalimanenko Viktoriia
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive study of the role of artificial intelligence in the process of education informatisation and to identify the prospects and challenges associated with the introduction of these technologies into the educational process.
Research methods. In order to effectively achieve the purpose of the study, the methods of analysis and synthesis, generalisation of theoretical data, observation, and a systematic approach were used. All of this made it possible to analyze and identify the features of the digitalization of education using artificial intelligence.
The scientific novelty lies in a detailed analysis of the role of artificial intelligence in the process of education informatisation with a focus on the prospects and challenges associated with the introduction of these technologies into the educational process. The current state of education informatization is analyzed, key aspects of artificial intelligence are considered, the possibilities and limitations of its use in education are highlighted, and specific recommendations are given to educational institutions for the successful implementation of these technologies.
Conclusions. Thus, the current state of education informatization reflects the great need for new approaches to learning and adaptation to the requirements of the digital society. Information technologies are changing the educational process, making it more accessible and efficient.
The analysis shows that artificial intelligence can play an important role in achieving these goals. It provides opportunities for adaptive and personalised learning, automated assessment and reporting, as well as the development of recommendation systems and the use of virtual assistants in the educational process.
However, along with the benefits of using artificial intelligence in education come challenges. Ethical issues, data privacy, training, and technical limitations are serious issues that need to be addressed and resolved.
Despite these challenges, we believe that artificial intelligence has great potential to transform education. It can help create more innovative and accessible learning for all. That is why we recommend that educational institutions carefully develop strategies for implementing artificial intelligence, taking into account ethical and legal issues, and focusing on training qualified specialists in this field. Further research in this area can help develop best practices for using AI in the educational process and ensure access to quality education for all.
Analysis and assessment of physical rehabilitation methods effectiveness for the recovery of walking and other motor and non-motor disorders in Parkinson’s disease
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, CHISTOV M. A. , MOZHEYKO E. YU. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, ASHIKHMINA YU. N. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, DENISOVA E. S. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky
Published: December 2023

Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system with a chronic progressive course. The disease pathogenesis is characterized by degradation of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, subsequently affecting other neurotransmitter systems of the brain. Clinical manifestations include impaired walking function and other motor and non-motor symptoms, a gradual deterioration in the quality of life and disability of patients. To date, there is no pathogenetic pharmacological therapy or surgical treatment that could have fully compensated for motor deficits and non-motor functions. This category of patients needs comprehensive rehabilitation using physical therapy. Effective modern methods of physical rehabilitation for Parkinson’s disease are walking on an anti-gravity treadmill, pole walking, and tai-chi gymnastics. Physical rehabilitation is an effective and promising direction in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson’s disease, since it contributes to the improvement of motor and non-motor manifestations of the disease.
Course of myocardial infarction in women of working age
Authors:   Smolensk State Medical University, BAZINA I. B. , KOZYREV O. A. ,   Smolensk State Medical University, ZAGUBNAYA E. S. ,   Smolensk State Medical University
Published: December 2023

The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) among women of working age has continued to grow in recent years, being a great socio-economic problem. The purpose — to study the features of MI course in women under the age of 60. Results. The following risk factors were identified: hyperlipidemia (74.2%), arterial hypertension (AH) (69.4%), smoking (35.5%), obesity (37.1%), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (29.0%). Hyperuricemia (HU) occurred in 38.7% of patients. Repeated MI was observed in 3.2% of patients. Anterior and lower MI occurred with approximately the same frequency (45.2% and 40.3%, respectively). The percentage of coronary artery (CA) lumen stenosis was 81.2 ± 19.6%. Thrombosis with complete CA occlusion was detected in 61.3%. The percentage of brachiocephalic artery (BCA) lumen stenosis was 21.5 ± 7.5%. Thickness of the intima-media complex (TIMC) of BCA in the carotid artery bifurcation zone was 1.1 ± 0.2 mm on the right and 1.1 ± 0.2 mm on the left. We revealed a direct correlation between the level of uric acid (AU) and TIMC BCA (correlation coefficient 0.36; p ˂ 0.05) and an inverse correlation between the UA values and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (correlation coefficient 0.36; p ˂ 0.05), which indicates the important role of HU. Conclusions. Among the risk factors of MI development in women under 60 years of age, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, HU and DM are of the greatest importance. Hemodynamically significant stenosis was only in CA, multifocal atherosclerosis was not detected. HU is the most important factor of MI development in women. It has a negative effect on BCA and GFR and increases the likelihood of a brain stroke. It is necessary to include UA in the standards of examination of all forms of coronary heart disease. In case of a high cardiovascular risk, it should be reduced to the target level below 360 mmol/l to prevent cardiovascular complications.
Changes in the left atrium volume in patients with iron deficiency within 6 months after myocardial infarction
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KHASTIEVA D. R. , TARASOVA N. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, MALKOVA M. I. ,   Kazan State Medical University, ZAKIROVA E. B. ,   Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 7 named after M. N. Sadykov, KHASANOV N. R. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: December 2023

According to scarce data, iron deficiency (ID) is a risk factor for worsening prognoses of ischemic heart disease, in particular, myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose — to study the changes in the maximal volume of left atrium in patients with ID treated with iron supplements and normal iron status within 6 months after myocardial infarction. Material and methods. The study included 146 patients (54 women (37%) and 92 men (63%)) hospitalized Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 7 named after M.N. Sadykov with myocardial infarction in 2022. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 comprised 80 (55%) patients with iron deficiency, and group 2 consisted of 66 (45%) patients without iron deficiency. The groups were comparable in terms of gender, comorbidities and drug therapy. The patients underwent correction of iron deficiency, echocardiographic examination in the first 24 hours after hospitalization and 6 months later to assess changes in target cardiac parameters. Results. We found a statistically significant increase in median left atrium volume after 6 months compared with the initial volume in patients in group 2 (63.0 ml (49–65) and 58.5 ml (47‒64), respectively (р < 0.001). In group 1, left atrium volume did not change (р = 0.145). There was no statistically significant difference in median left atrium volume in groups 1 and 2 both initially and after 6 months (p = 0.390). Conclusion. Our results indicate that there was no increase in left atrium volume within 6 months after myocardial infarction in patients who underwent ID correction.
Dressler syndrome (literature review)
Authors:   Saratov State Medical University, BLINOVA V. V. , BOGDANOVA T. M. ,   Saratov State Medical University, SEMENOVA V. A. ,   Saratov State Medical University, SERGEEVA E. O. ,   Saratov State Medical University, ZANKIN M. A. ,   Saratov State Medical University, SINKEEV M. S. ,   Saratov State Medical University
Published: December 2023

The purpose is to present a literature review on a rather rare pathology — Dressler syndrome, paying special attention to one of its main components — pericarditis. Material and methods. Russian and foreign literature on Dressler syndrome were studied, with special attention to the sources over the recent 10 years. Results. A review of the medical literature on the topic — Dressler syndrome is presented, describing the concept, etio-pathogenetic aspects, classification, epidemiology, a brief historical background, clinical picture, laboratory and instrumental features, and tactics of patient management. Conclusion. Dressler syndrome is understood as a symptom complex that occurs due to myocardial damage of various genesis with the development of autoimmune aggression and subsequent hyperergic reaction with benign lesion of serous membranes, leading to the appearance of pericarditis, pleurisy, pneumonitis and other symptoms. The initial clinical manifestations and the subsequent course of this syndrome, as a rule, are often unexpressed. Therefore, a timely assessment of clinical and instrumental data that go beyond the usual course of the post-infarction / postoperative period, as well as the effect of the therapy used, contributes to the timely diagnosis of this syndrome and, accordingly, the appointment of adequate pathogenetic therapy.
Modern opportunities to provide optimal nutrition of geriatric patients
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, BEYLINA N. I. , GAZIZOV R. M. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, POZDNYAK A. O. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia
Published: December 2023

The article reflects current information on the rational nutrition of the elderly. It contains up-to-date data on age-related involutive changes in the digestive organs, the etiology and pathogenesis of malnutrition in elderly and senile patients. Recommendations on the diagnosis of nutritional disorders in the elderly, nutrition of healthy elderly and senile people, nutrition of patients with senile asthenia syndrome, malnutrition, and active nutritional support are presented.