bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hairless Up‐Regulates Tgf‐β2 Expression via Down‐Regulation of miR‐31 in the Skin of “Hairpoor” (HrHp) Mice
Authors: Kim Bong‐Kyu , Yoon Sungjoo Kim
Published: January 2015

Hairless (HR) has been shown to regulate hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and hair cycling. The Hr mutant hair loss mouse referred to as “hairpoor” (HrHp) displays overexpression of the HR protein through translational derepression. In this study, we found that 64 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the skin of HrHp/HrHp and wild type mice at P7 using miRNA‐microarray analysis and miR‐31 displayed the most reduced expression in HrHp/HrHp skin. In vivo observation and investigation using an in vitro reporter expression system revealed that miR‐31 and pri‐miR‐31 were consistently down‐regulated in the HR over‐expressed condition. In addition, we found that the transforming growth factor β 2 (Tgf‐β2), a known catagen inducer, is the putative target of miR‐31. Furthermore, Tgf‐β2 level was also increased in HR over‐expressed keratinocyte and HrHp/HrHp mice. These study results suggest that HR controls Tgf‐β2 expression via regulation of miR‐31, thus causing abnormal hair cycle in HrHp/HrHp mice. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2075–2085, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanosensitive store‐operated calcium entry regulates the formation of cell polarity
Authors: Huang Yi‐Wei , Chang Shu‐Jing , Harn Hans I‐Chen , Huang Hui‐Ting , Lin Hsi‐Hui , Shen Meng‐Ru , Tang Ming‐Jer , Chiu Wen‐Tai
Published: January 2015

Ca2+‐mediated formation of cell polarity is essential for directional migration which plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes in organisms. To examine the critical role of store‐operated Ca2+ entry, which is the major form of extracellular Ca2+ influx in non‐excitable cells, in the formation of cell polarity, we employed human bone osteosarcoma U2OS cells, which exhibit distinct morphological polarity during directional migration. Our analyses showed that Ca2+ was concentrated at the rear end of cells and that extracellular Ca2+ influx was important for cell polarization. Inhibition of store‐operated Ca2+ entry using specific inhibitors disrupted the formation of cell polarity in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, the channelosomal components caveolin‐1, TRPC1, and Orai1 were concentrated at the rear end of polarized cells. Knockdown of TRPC1 or a TRPC inhibitor, but not knockdown of Orai1, reduced cell polarization. Furthermore, disruption of lipid rafts or overexpression of caveolin‐1 contributed to the downregulation of cell polarity. On the other hand, we also found that cell polarity, store‐operated Ca2+ entry activity, and cell stiffness were markedly decreased by low substrate rigidity, which may be caused by the disorganization of actin filaments and microtubules that occurs while regulating the activity of the mechanosensitive TRPC1 channel. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2086–2097, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SIRT1 Protects Against Oxidative Stress‐Induced Endothelial Progenitor Cells Apoptosis by Inhibiting FOXO3a via FOXO3a Ubiquitination and Degradation
Authors: Wang Yu‐Qiang , Cao Qing , Wang Fei , Huang Li‐Ya , Sang Tian‐Tian , Liu Fang , Chen Shu‐Yan
Published: January 2015

Cell loss due to apoptosis induced by oxidative stress is a major hurdle for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)‐based therapy. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays important roles in many pathophysiological processes by deacetylating various substrates, including forkhead transcription factor (FOXO). However, after deacetylation, the fate of FOXO protein remains to be explored. In the present study, we investigated whether SIRT1 exerted a protective effect on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced EPCs apoptosis and, if so, what the underlying mechanism might be. EPCs were isolated and obtained from human umbilical cord blood by density gradient centrifugation and identified by morphology, tube formation ability, cell surface markers, and the ability to take up acetylated low‐density lipoprotein (Dil‐Ac‐LDL) and bind ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (FITC‐UEA‐1). Immunofluorescence showed that SIRT1 is localized in the nucleus of EPCs in the presence or absence of H2O2. SIRT1 protein level in EPCs was increased by the treatment with H2O2 for 24 h. Incubation of EPCs with H2O2 dose dependently induced EPCs apoptosis. SIRT1 overexpression reduced the rate of EPCs apoptosis induced by H2O2, whereas SIRT1 downregulation and EX527, a specific SIRT1 inhibitor, exerted the opposite effect. SIRT1 overexpression decreased the total FOXO3a protein expression, whereas SIRT1 downregulation and EX527 increased the amount of FOXO3a protein. SIRT1 reduced FOXO3a transcriptional activity according to Bim expression. Co‐immunoprecipitation assay showed that SIRT1 could bind to FOXO3a, reduce its acetylation level and increase its ubiquitination level. To sum up, our work demonstrated that SIRT1 had a pivotally protective role in the regulation of EPCs apoptosis induced by H2O2 and that SIRT1 protected against apoptosis by inhibiting FOXO3a via FOXO3a ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2098–2107, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Revisiting the nonlinear relationship betweenENSOand winter extreme station precipitation in North America
Authors: Cannon Alex J.
Published: January 2015

While researchers have identified teleconnections between El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and extended winter precipitation extremes in North America using generalized extreme value (GEV) models, the regional form of the statistical relationship remains an open question. Past work has shown that relatively warmENSOconditions may be needed to trigger a nonlinear response over North America. However, studies that stratify winters into La Niña, neutral, and El Niño phases have found that precipitation extremes in neutral/La Niña winters respond differently than in El Niño winters, whereas studies that stratifyENSOdata into cold/warm conditions have not found evidence for a coherent nonlinear response. Data and methodological differences have made direct comparison between results difficult. In this study, evidence for a nonlinear association betweenENSOand precipitation extremes is reassessed by fitting stationary and linear/nonlinearGEVregression models, with the Niño3.4 index as a covariate, to 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐day extended winter precipitation maxima. Two types of nonlinear model – both one‐sidedGEVregressions where linear relationships are allowed to differ above/below a Niño3.4 index threshold – are considered. In the first, following past work, the breakpoint is fixed at zero, that is stratifying data into warm/cold conditions. In the second, to see whether there is evidence for a differential neutral/La Niña and El Niño response, the breakpoint is allowed to vary freely. Due to the non‐nested nature of the set of models, the Akaike Information Criterion is used to assess the relative support for each model. Depending on accumulation time‐scale, the strength of evidence favours nonlinear models at 28%–30% of stations when the Niño3.4 breakpoint is free to vary,versusjust 3% with a fixed breakpoint. Optimum Niño3.4 breakpoints are positive (> +0.4°C) in the majority of the nonlinear models, confirming thatENSO/precipitation relationships differs between La Niña/neutral and El Niño winters.
Effect of reverse shoulder design philosophy on muscle moment arms
Authors: Hamilton Matthew A. , Diep Phong , Roche Chris , Flurin Pierre Henri , Wright Thomas W. , Zuckerman Joseph D. , Routman Howard
Published: January 2015

This study analyzes the muscle moment arms of three different reverse shoulder design philosophies using a previously published method. Digital bone models of the shoulder were imported into a 3D modeling software and markers placed for the origin and insertion of relevant muscles. The anatomic model was used as a baseline for moment arm calculations. Subsequently, three different reverse shoulder designs were virtually implanted and moment arms were analyzed in abduction and external rotation. The results indicate that the lateral offset between the joint center and the axis of the humerus specific to one reverse shoulder design increased the external rotation moment arms of the posterior deltoid relative to the other reverse shoulder designs. The other muscles analyzed demonstrated differences in the moment arms, but none of the differences reached statistical significance. This study demonstrated how the combination of variables making up different reverse shoulder designs can affect the moment arms of the muscles in different and statistically significant ways. The role of humeral offset in reverse shoulder design has not been previously reported and could have an impact on external rotation and stability achieved post‐operatively. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:605–613, 2015.
Osteogenesis and mineralization in a rabbit mandibular distraction osteogenesis model is promoted by the human LMP‐1 gene
Authors: Jiang Xiaowen , Chen Yanzhe , Fan Xiaosheng , Zhang Hao , Kun Lu
Published: January 2015

To observe the effects of LIM mineralization protein‐1 (LMP‐1) on bone regeneration in the distraction zone based on gene transduction, 36 New Zealand white rabbits underwent mandibular lengthening with a distraction rate of 2 mm/day. The animals were then randomly divided into group A and group B (n = 18, each). At the end of the distraction, Ad5‐EGFP viruses and Ad5‐LMP‐1/EGFP viruses were injected into the distraction gaps in groups A and B, respectively. Seven days later, five randomly selected animals from each group were sacrificed to evaluate the survival of the virus. Four and 8 weeks after distraction osteogenesis (DO), six samples randomly selected from each group underwent CT scanning and dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry detection. Eight weeks after DO, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the distracted mandibles were harvested. Six animals from each group processed for radiography, micro‐CT, histology, and the rest samples were taken three‐point bend testing. Using this model, better bone formation and mineralization in the distracted callus were observed in group B when compared with those in group A. The results suggest local transduction with LMP‐1 gene promotes osteogenesis and mineralization in DO. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:521–526, 2015.
Food safety issues in China: a case study of the dairy sector
Authors: Dong Xiaoxia , Li Zhemin
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Over the past 10 years, food safety incidents have occurred frequently in China. Food safety issues in the dairy sector have increasingly gained the attention of the Chinese government and the public. The objective of this research is to explore consumption changes of dairy products of different income groups after these dairy safety incidents.

RESULTS

The research indicates that consumers' response to dairy safety risk is very intense. Dairy consumption has experienced a declining trend in recent years, and the impact of dairy safety incidents has lasted for at least 5 years. Until 2012, dairy consumption had not yet fully recovered from this influence. Using the random effects model, this study examined the relationship between food safety incident and consumption.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the results show that consumers in the low‐income group are more sensitive to safety risk than those in the high‐income group. It can be seen from this paper that the decrease of urban residents' dairy consumption was mainly driven by changes in fresh milk consumption, while the decline of milk powder consumption, which was affected by the melamine incident, was relatively moderate, and milk powder consumption for the high‐income group even increased. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Ink drop filling by a slot coating die for an electrowetting display panel
Authors: Lo Kuo‐Lung , Kao Chia‐Jen , Lan Kai‐Wei , Cheng Wei‐Yuan , Liu Ta‐Jo
Published: January 2015

Ink drops have to be filled into the square cells for an electrowetting display panel. Several ink solutions such as dodecane, tetradecane, and hexadecane were used as test liquids. These fluids have viscosities less than 4 mPas and surface tensions between 23.3 and 26 mN/m and contact angles less than 50°. A slot coating die was employed to deliver these liquids to fill up the square cells. The effects of several parameters such as coating thickness and coating speed were examined. Operating windows inside which the stable filling is possible could be found for these liquids. Several defects were observed outside the operating windows. A flow visualization technique was applied to observe the fluid motion in the coating bead region, particularly the movements of upstream and downstream menisci, the mechanism of liquid filling was discussed.
On the measurement of the polarisation resistance of reinforcing steel with embedded sensors: A comparative study
Authors: Pereira E. V. , Salta M. M. , Fonseca I. T. E.
Published: January 2015

On site measurement of durability parameters with permanent monitoring systems has been recognised as an important source of information for the development of reliable models to predict the lifetime of reinforced concrete structures. In this study, four electrochemical techniques were applied to determine the polarisation resistance (Rp) of steel embedded in mortar to select the best technique to be used in the development of embedded sensors for corrosion rate monitoring. It could be concluded that, if an adequate time scale to perform each measurement is used, all the techniques lead to the sameRp value within a known experimental error. However, the potentiostatic pulse technique presents some advantages to be used in the development of embedded sensors because it is fast, does not require sophisticated equipment or data analysis, and allows the simultaneous evaluation of theRp and electrical resistance between the rebar and the reference electrode.
Corrosion behaviour of creep‐resistant AE42 magnesium alloy‐based hybrid composites developed for powertrain applications
Authors: Mondal A. K. , Blawert C. , Kumar S.
Published: January 2015

The corrosion behaviour of AE42 magnesium alloy and its composites reinforced with Saffil short fibres and SiC particles in various combinations was investigated. The corrosion rate of the unreinforced alloy was the lowest. The composite reinforced with Saffil short fibre alone exhibited slightly lower corrosion rate than the hybrid composites containing both Saffil short fibres and SiC particles. However, there was no specific trend observed in the corrosion rate of the hybrid composites with respect to the SiC particle content. The degradation of corrosion resistance of the composites was mainly attributed to the irregular and loose surface films.
Synthesis of Novel Chain‐End‐Functionalized Polyethylenes via Thiol‐ene Click Chemistry
Authors: Li Ying , Zhang Yongjie , Li Qian , Li Huayi , Zheng Shuirong , Hu Youliang
Published: January 2015

Chain‐end‐functionalized polyethylenes (Cef‐PEs: PESSH (Cef1), PESfurfuryl (Cef2), PESNH2 (Cef4), PESNH2•HCl (Cef5), PESCOONa (Cef6), PESCHA(Cef7), PESSO3Na (Cef8), PESOH (Cef9) and PESCOOH (Cef10)) are synthesized by thiol‐ene addition of vinyl‐terminated polyethylene (v‐PE) with 1,2‐ethanedithiol, furfurylmercaptan, cysteamine, cysteamine hydrochloride, sodium thioglycolate, L‐cysteine hydrochloride, sodium 2‐mercaptoethanesulfonate, mercaptoethanol, and thioglycolic acid, respectively. PEStNCO (Cef3) is obtained by subsequent reaction of Cef9 with anhydrous 4,4′‐MDI. Cef‐PE1–8 are reported for the first time. The conversions of all the reactions are up to 95%–100%. All the Cef‐PEs are characterized by NMR, GPC, DSC, FT‐IR, and TGA. In the experiments, it is found that alkaline mercaptans and solvents are adverse to the thiol‐ene click reactions.

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