bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sunshine, temperature and suicidal behaviour in patients treated with antidepressants: an explorative nested case–control study
Authors: Makris Georgios D. , White Richard A. , Reutfors Johan , Ekselius Lisa , Andersen Morten , Papadopoulos Fotios C.
Published: May 2021

Our aim was to explore if different exposure windows for sunshine or temperature are associated with increased suicidal behaviour among people starting antidepressant treatment. 307 completed and 1674 attempted suicides were included as cases in the conditional logistic regression analyses, while controlling for potential confounders, including season, as well as temperature and hours of sunshine when these variables were not the main exposure variable. Ten controls were matched to each case using risk-set sampling. The role of season, age, and sex was examined with likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) with and without the respective interaction terms and with stratified analyses. There was no overall association between temperature or sunshine with suicidal behaviour. Age was a significant effect modifier for suicide and suicide attempt for both sunshine and temperature exposure. In stratified analyses, an increase of one degree Celsius in the average daily temperature during the last 4 weeks was associated, in the unadjusted model, with a 3% increase in the rate of suicide (p = 0.023) amongst older patients (65+). In the same age group, an increase of 1 h in the average daily sunshine during the last 4 weeks was associated with an 8% increase in the rate of suicide attempt (p = 0.002), while the respective increase for the exposure period of 5–8 weeks was 7% (p = 0.007). An increase of one degree Celsius in the average daily temperature during the last 4 weeks was associated with a 3% increase in the rate of suicide attempt (p = 0.007). These associations did not retain statistical significance in the adjusted models. No associations were found in the other age groups. Our results point to a possible effect modification by age, with higher risk of suicidal behavior associated with an increase in sunshine and temperature found in the older age groups.
Urinary miRNA profiles discriminate between obstruction-induced bladder dysfunction and healthy controls
Authors: von Siebenthal Michelle , Besic Mustafa , Gheinani Ali Hashemi , Akshay Akshay , Lizun-Platoni Salomé , Kunz Nadine , Burkhard Fiona C. , Monastyrskaya Katia
Published: May 2021

Urgency, frequency and incomplete emptying are the troublesome symptoms often shared between benign prostatic obstruction-induced (BLUTD) and neurogenic (NLUTD) lower urinary tract dysfunction. Previously, using bladder biopsies, we suggested a panel of miRNA biomarkers for different functional phenotypes of the bladder. Urine is a good source of circulating miRNAs, but sex- and age-matched controls are important for urinary metabolite comparison. In two groups of healthy subjects (average age 32 and 57 years old, respectively) the total protein and RNA content was very similar between age groups, but the number of secreted extracellular vesicles (uEVs) and expression of several miRNAs were higher in the young healthy male volunteers. Timing of urine collection was not important for these parameters. We also evaluated the suitability of urinary miRNAs for non-invasive diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). A three urinary miRNA signature (miR-10a-5p, miR-301b-3p and miR-363-3p) could discriminate between controls and patients with LUTD (BLUTD and NLUTD). This panel of representative miRNAs can be further explored to develop a non-invasive diagnostic test for BOO. The age-related discrepancy in the urinary miRNA content observed in this study points to the importance of selecting appropriate, age-matched controls.
IL-23 receptor deficiency results in lower bone mass via indirect regulation of bone formation
Authors: Razawy Wida , Alves Celso H. , Koedam Marijke , Asmawidjaja Patrick S. , Mus Adriana M. C. , Oukka Mohamed , Leenen Pieter J. M. , Visser Jenny A. , van der Eerden Bram C. J. , Lubberts Erik
Published: May 2021

The IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) signaling pathway has pleiotropic effects on the differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, since it can inhibit or stimulate these processes via different pathways. However, the potential role of this pathway in the regulation of bone homeostasis remains elusive. Therefore, we studied the role of IL-23R signaling in physiological bone remodeling using IL-23R deficient mice. Using µCT, we demonstrate that 7-week-old IL-23R−/− mice have similar bone mass as age matched littermate control mice. In contrast, 12-week-old IL-23R−/− mice have significantly lower trabecular and cortical bone mass, shorter femurs and more fragile bones. At the age of 26 weeks, there were no differences in trabecular bone mass and femur length, but most of cortical bone mass parameters remain significantly lower in IL-23R−/− mice. In vitro osteoclast differentiation and resorption capacity of 7- and 12-week-old IL-23R−/− mice are similar to WT. However, serum levels of the bone formation marker, PINP, are significantly lower in 12-week-old IL-23R−/− mice, but similar to WT at 7 and 26 weeks. Interestingly, Il23r gene expression was not detected in in vitro cultured osteoblasts, suggesting an indirect effect of IL-23R. In conclusion, IL-23R deficiency results in temporal and long-term changes in bone growth via regulation of bone formation.
Computational design of biopolymer aerogels and predictive modelling of their nanostructure and mechanical behaviour
Authors: Chandrasekaran Rajesh , Hillgärtner Markus , Ganesan Kathirvel , Milow Barbara , Itskov Mikhail , Rege Ameya
Published: May 2021

To address the challenge of reconstructing or designing the three-dimensional microstructure of nanoporous materials, we develop a computational approach by combining the random closed packing of polydisperse spheres together with the Laguerre–Voronoi tessellation. Open-porous cellular network structures that adhere to the real pore-size distributions of the nanoporous materials are generated. As an example, κ-carrageenan aerogels are considered. The mechanical structure–property relationships are further explored by means of finite elements. Here we show that one can predict the macroscopic stress–strain curve of the bulk porous material if only the pore-size distributions, solid fractions, and Young’s modulus of the pore-wall fibres are known a priori. The objective of such reconstruction and predictive modelling is to reverse engineer the parameters of their synthesis process for tailored applications. Structural and mechanical property predictions of the proposed modelling approach are shown to be in good agreement with the available experimental data. The presented approach is free of parameter-fitting and is capable of generating dispersed Voronoi structures.
Elevated levels of urine isocitrate, hydroxymethylglutarate, and formiminoglutamate are associated with arterial stiffness in Korean adults
Authors: Haam Ji-Hee , Kim Young-Sang , Cho Doo-Yeoun , Chun Hyejin , Choi Sang-Woon , Lee Yun Kyong , Lim Sang Wook , Koo Hyung Suk , Kim Moon Jong
Published: May 2021

Recent evidence suggests that cellular perturbations play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we analyzed the association between the levels of urinary metabolites and arterial stiffness. Our cross-sectional study included 330 Korean men and women. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was measured as a marker of arterial stiffness. Urinary metabolites were evaluated using a high-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was found to be positively correlated with l-lactate, citrate, isocitrate, succinate, malate, hydroxymethylglutarate, α-ketoisovalerate, α-keto-β-methylvalerate, methylmalonate, and formiminoglutamate among men. Whereas, among women, the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was positively correlated with cis-aconitate, isocitrate, hydroxymethylglutarate, and formiminoglutamate. In the multivariable regression models adjusted for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, three metabolite concentrations (urine isocitrate, hydroxymethylglutarate, and formiminoglutamate) were independently and positively associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Increased urine isocitrate, hydroxymethylglutarate, and formiminoglutamate concentrations were associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Our findings suggest that metabolic disturbances in cells may be related to arterial stiffness.
A material stress test study on occurrence of leakage and material failure of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters
Authors: Klingele Matthias , Carstens Martin , Baerens Lea , Laschke Matthias W. , Metzger Wolfgang , Fliser Danilo , Meier Clemens M.
Published: May 2021

Peritonitis is a common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Our root cause analysis allowed to attribute some cases to leakage of the PD catheter. Accordingly, a clinically based stress test study on potential material damage issues of PD catheters was performed, focusing on material damage caused by cleaning, de- and attachment procedures during dialysate changes and on the individual storage methods of PD catheters between dialysate changes. PD catheters were exposed to both chemical stress by repeating dialysate-flow and physical stress simulating de- and connecting, fixation, pressure, flexing, folding etc.—simulating standard clinical daily routine of 8–10 years PD catheter usage. Potentially by normal usage caused damages should be then detected by intraluminal pressure, light- and electron microscopy. The multi-step visual control showed no obvious damages on PD catheters nor any leakage or barrier indulgence. Our tests simulating daily routine usage of PD catheters for several years could not detect any material defects under chemical or physical stress. Hence, we presume that most PD catheter damages, as identified cause for peritonitis in some of our patients, may be due to accidental, unnoticed external damage (e.g. through scissors, while changing dressings) or neglecting PD catheter handling specifications.
Cross-modal orienting of exogenous attention results in visual-cortical facilitation, not suppression
Authors: Keefe Jonathan M. , Pokta Emilia , Störmer Viola S.
Published: May 2021

Attention may be oriented exogenously (i.e., involuntarily) to the location of salient stimuli, resulting in improved perception. However, it is unknown whether exogenous attention improves perception by facilitating processing of attended information, suppressing processing of unattended information, or both. To test this question, we measured behavioral performance and cue-elicited neural changes in the electroencephalogram as participants (N = 19) performed a task in which a spatially non-predictive auditory cue preceded a visual target. Critically, this cue was either presented at a peripheral target location or from the center of the screen, allowing us to isolate spatially specific attentional activity. We find that both behavior and attention-mediated changes in visual-cortical activity are enhanced at the location of a cue prior to the onset of a target, but that behavior and neural activity at an unattended target location is equivalent to that following a central cue that does not direct attention (i.e., baseline). These results suggest that exogenous attention operates via facilitation of information at an attended location.
A screen of FDA-approved drugs identifies inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 (PTP4A3 or PRL-3)
Authors: Rivas Dylan R. , Dela Cerna Mark Vincent C. , Smith Caroline N. , Sampathi Shilpa , Patty Blaine G. , Lee Donghan , Blackburn Jessica S.
Published: May 2021

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 (PTP4A3 or PRL-3) is highly expressed in a variety of cancers, where it promotes tumor cell migration and metastasis leading to poor prognosis. Despite its clinical significance, small molecule inhibitors of PRL-3 are lacking. Here, we screened 1443 FDA-approved drugs for their ability to inhibit the activity of the PRL phosphatase family. We identified five specific inhibitors for PRL-3 as well as one selective inhibitor of PRL-2. Additionally, we found nine drugs that broadly and significantly suppressed PRL activity. Two of these broad-spectrum PRL inhibitors, Salirasib and Candesartan, blocked PRL-3-induced migration in human embryonic kidney cells with no impact on cell viability. Both drugs prevented migration of human colorectal cancer cells in a PRL-3 dependent manner and were selective towards PRLs over other phosphatases. In silico modeling revealed that Salirasib binds a putative allosteric site near the WPD loop of PRL-3, while Candesartan binds a potentially novel targetable site adjacent to the CX5R motif. Inhibitor binding at either of these sites is predicted to trap PRL-3 in a closed conformation, preventing substrate binding and inhibiting function.
A passive Stokes flow rectifier for Newtonian fluids
Authors: Mehboudi Aryan , Yeom Junghoon
Published: May 2021

Non-linear effects of the Navier–Stokes equations disappear under the Stokes regime of Newtonian fluid flows disallowing a flow rectification behavior. Here we show that passive flow rectification of Newtonian fluids is obtainable under the Stokes regime of both compressible and incompressible flows by introducing nonlinearity into the otherwise linear Stokes equations. Asymmetric flow resistances arise in shallow nozzle/diffuser microchannels with deformable ceiling, in which the fluid flow is governed by a non-linear coupled fluid–solid mechanics equation. The proposed model captures the unequal deflection profile of the deformable ceiling depending on the flow direction under the identical applied pressure, permitting a larger flow rate in the nozzle configuration. Ultra-low aspect ratio microchannels sealed by a flexible membrane have been fabricated to demonstrate passive flow rectification for low-Reynolds-number flows (0.001 < Re < 10) of common Newtonian fluids such as water, methanol, and isopropyl alcohol. The proposed rectification mechanism is also extended to compressible flows, leading to the first demonstration of rectifying equilibrium gas flows under the Stokes flow regime. While the maximum rectification ratio experimentally obtained in this work is limited to 1.41, a higher value up to 1.76 can be achieved by optimizing the width profile of the asymmetric microchannels.
The impact of memory effect on space fractional strong quantum couplers with tunable decay behavior and its numerical simulation
Authors: Hendy Ahmed S. , Zaky Mahmoud A. , Hafez Ramy M. , De Staelen Rob H.
Published: May 2021

The nontrivial behavior of wave packets in the space fractional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation has received considerable theoretical attention. The difficulty comes from the fact that the Riesz fractional derivative is inherently a prehistorical operator. In contrast, nonlinear Schrödinger equation with both time and space nonlocal operators, which is the cornerstone in the modeling of a new type of fractional quantum couplers, is still in high demand of attention. This paper is devoted to numerically study the propagation of solitons through a new type of quantum couplers which can be called time-space fractional quantum couplers. The numerical methodology is based on the finite-difference/Galerkin Legendre spectral method with an easy to implement numerical algorithm. The time-fractional derivative is considered to describe the decay behavior and the nonlocal memory of the model. We conduct numerical simulations to observe the performance of the tunable decay and the sharpness behavior of the time-space fractional strongly coupled nonlinear Schrödinger model as well as the performance of the numerical algorithm. Numerical simulations show that the time and space fractional-order operators control the decay behavior or the memory and the sharpness of the interface and undergo a seamless transition of the fractional-order parameters.
Noninvasive transcranial classification of stroke using a portable eddy current damping sensor
Authors: Shahrestani Shane , Zada Gabriel , Chou Tzu-Chieh , Toy Brandon , Yao Bryan , Garrett Norman , Sanossian Nerses , Brunswick Andrew , Shang Kuang-Ming , Tai Yu-Chong
Published: May 2021

Existing paradigms for stroke diagnosis typically involve computed tomography (CT) imaging to classify ischemic versus hemorrhagic stroke variants, as treatment for these subtypes varies widely. Delays in diagnosis and transport of unstable patients may worsen neurological status. To address these issues, we describe the development of a rapid, portable, and accurate eddy current damping (ECD) stroke sensor. Copper wire was wound to create large (11.4 cm), medium (4.5 cm), and small (1.5 cm) solenoid coils with varying diameters, with each connected to an inductance-to-digital converter. Eight human participants were recruited between December 15, 2019 and March 15, 2020, including two hemorrhagic stroke, two ischemic stroke, one subarachnoid hemorrhage, and three control participants. Observers were blinded to lesion type and location. A head cap with 8 horizontal scanning paths was placed on the patient. The sensor was tangentially rotated across each row on the patient’s head circumferentially. Consent, positioning, and scanning with the sensor took roughly 15 min from start to end for each participant and all scanning took place at the patient bedside. The ECD sensor accurately classified and imaged each of the varying stroke types in each patient. The sensor additionally detected ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions located deep inside the brain, and its range is selectively tunable during sensor design and fabrication.
Increased quality of life in patients with stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic: a matched-pair study
Authors: Zhao Li , Yang Xiaoshi , Yang Fengzhi , Sui Guoyuan , Sui Yi , Xu Bing , Qu Bo
Published: May 2021

Patients with stroke are likely to experience impaired health-related quality of life (QOL), especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the QOL of Chinese patients with stroke during the pandemic and explore the associated variables. A matched-pair, multicenter survey was conducted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Questionnaires including the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, and the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR) were used. A total of 172 matched pairs (344 patients) were recruited in this study. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze variables associated with QOL. Physical and mental component scores (PCS and MCS) were higher among the stroke patients during the pandemic (44.20 ± 18.92 and 54.24 ± 19.08) than before the pandemic (37.98 ± 14.52 and 43.50 ± 20.94). Pandemic stress, demographic and clinical characteristics were negative variables associated with PCS and MCS. QPR was positively associated with PCS and MCS. The QOL of Chinese stroke patients was higher during than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic stress aggravated stroke patients’ QOL, while personal recovery could alleviate the detrimental effect of pandemic stress on QOL for stroke patients.
The redox potential of a heme cofactor in Nitrosomonas europaea cytochrome c peroxidase: a polarizable QM/MM study
Authors: Karnaukh Elizabeth A. , Bravaya Ksenia B.
Published: May 2021

We present the results of a polarizable QM/MM study of the standard reduction potential of the electron transfer heme in cytochrome c peroxidase of Nitrosomonas europaea and analyze the role of electrostatics in tuning heme redox properties.
Demonstration of neutron radiation-induced nucleation of supercooled water
Authors: Szydagis Matthew , Levy Cecilia , Huang Yujia , Kamaha Alvine C. , Knight Corwin C. , Rischbieter Gregory R. C. , Wilson Peter W.
Published: May 2021

Beginnings of ice growth in supercooled water, where nucleation is not at a surface and is caused by neutrons. This article describes the first evidence demonstrating nucleation from a neutron source.
Effects of Pb assisted cation chemistry on the superconductivity of BSCCO thin films
Authors: V. Gayathri , Bera Santanu , Amaladass E. P. , Kumary T. Geetha , Pandian R. , Mani Awadhesh
Published: May 2021

The effect of Pb assisted cation chemistry on the superconductivity of the highly c-axis oriented PLD grown BSCCO thin films is explored in this study.
Flexible and porous 2D layered structures based on mixed-linker metal–organic frameworks for gas sorption studies
Authors: Dissem Nour , Essalhi Mohamed , Ferhi Najmeddine , Abidi Adela , Maris Thierry , Duong Adam
Published: May 2021

New mixed-linkers and porous materials with the features of HOFs/MOFs were synthesized and used to study gas sorption properties.
Refining plant oils and sugars to platform chemicals, monomers, and polymers
Authors: Pandey Swechchha , Rajput Bhausaheb S. , Chikkali Samir H.
Published: May 2021

This review examines whether plant oils and sugars can provide sustainable solutions to the chemical and plastic industry. A comprehensive account of conversion of plant oils and sugar into chemicals, monomers, and (co)polymers is presented.
The effect of hydrogen on fluorine detection in solid sampling electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
Authors: Maung Patricia , Beauchemin Diane
Published: May 2021

Adding hydrogen as a reaction gas in the graphite furnace improves the limit of detection of fluorine in solid sampling ETV-ICPOES.
Real-time red blood cell counting and osmolarity analysis using a photoacoustic-based microfluidic system
Authors: Zhao Wenxiu , Yu Haibo , Wen Yangdong , Luo Hao , Jia Boliang , Wang Xiaoduo , Liu Lianqing , Li Wen Jung
Published: May 2021

We developed an on-chip photoacoustic (PA) flow cytometry microfluidic chip for rapid red blood cell counting and osmolarity measurement.
Membrane-curvature-mediated co-endocytosis of bystander and functional nanoparticles
Authors: He Kejie , Wei Yushuang , Zhang Zhihong , Chen Haibo , Yuan Bing , Pang Hong-Bo , Yang Kai
Published: May 2021

A mechanistic understanding and efficient modulation of the bystander uptake effect are given for synergistic delivery of NPs to cells.
Hierarchically porous Fe,N-doped carbon nanorods derived from 1D Fe-doped MOFs as highly efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts in both alkaline and acidic media
Authors: Li Hao , Chen Xiao , Chen Junying , Shen Kui , Li Yingwei
Published: May 2021

Fe,N-doped carbon nanorods with abundant hierarchical pores and highly active sites were prepared by using 1D Fe–ZIF-8 as templates. The optimized 5Fe–N/C-NR is a highly efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst in both alkaline and acidic media.
Magnetically recoverable catalysts for the preparation of pyridine derivatives: an overview
Authors: Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi , Kheilkordi Zohreh , Mohajer Fatemeh , Badiei Alireza , Luque Rafael
Published: May 2021

Magnetically recoverable nano-catalysts can be readily separated from the reaction medium using an external magnet.
Betel (Piper betle L.) leaf ethanolic extracts dechlorophyllized using different methods: antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and application for shelf-life extension of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets
Authors: Tagrida Mohamed , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: May 2021

Betel leaf ethanolic extract dechlorophyllized using sedimentation (BLEE-SED) exhibited enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities. BLEE-SED could extend the shelf-life of Nile tilapia fillets during refrigerated storage (4 °C) up to 9 days.
Band engineering of Dirac materials in SbmBin lateral heterostructures
Authors: Liu Yonghui
Published: May 2021

Band engineering the electronic structures of SbmBin lateral heterostructures (LHS) from antimonene and bismuthene is systematically investigated using first principles calculations.
Unraveling the effect of defects, domain size, and chemical doping on photophysics and charge transport in covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Ghosh Raja , Paesani Francesco
Published: May 2021

This study highlights the importance of mid-infrared spectral signatures and discusses the fundamental mechanisms driving charge transport in COFs. Our analysis can hopefully guide the rational design of new COFs yielding higher conductivities.
A new strategy for constructing a dispiro-based dopant-free hole-transporting material: spatial configuration of spiro-bifluorene changes from a perpendicular to parallel arrangement
Authors: Wan Zhongquan , Yang Jinyu , Xia Jianxing , Shu Hongyu , Yao Xiaojun , Luo Junsheng , Jia Chunyang
Published: May 2021

A dispiro-based HTM with a parallel arrangement of two fluorenes was designed by replacing the central carbon atom of Spiro-OMeTAD with cyclohexane. The PCE of a PSC based on dopant-free WH-1 is 19.57%, rivaling that of doped Spiro-OMeTAD (20.29%).
Tetrathiafulvalene-based covalent organic frameworks for ultrahigh iodine capture
Authors: Chang Jianhong , Li Hui , Zhao Jie , Guan Xinyu , Li Cuimei , Yu Guangtao , Valtchev Valentin , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong
Published: May 2021

The synergistic effect of physical and chemical adsorption of iodine in tetrathiafulvalene-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has been explored. The iodine adsorption capacity of these materials is higher than other materials reported so far.
Zinc catalysed electrophilic C–H borylation of heteroarenes
Authors: Grundy Matthew E. , Yuan Kang , Nichol Gary S. , Ingleson Michael J.
Published: May 2021

Cationic zinc Lewis acids catalyse the C–H borylation of heteroarenes using pinacol borane (HBPin) or catechol borane (HBCat).
Bio-inspired incorporation of phenylalanine enhances ionic selectivity in layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte films
Authors: Percival Stephen J. , Russo Sara , Priest Chad , Hill Ryan C. , Ohlhausen James A. , Small Leo J. , Rempe Susan B. , Spoerke Erik D.
Published: May 2021

Biological protein ion channels inspire advanced ion selective polyelectrolyte membranes by incorporation of phenylalanine, leading to increased ion selectivity.
2D isotropic–nematic transition in colloidal suspensions of ellipsoids
Authors: Tan Xinlan , Chen Ya , Wang Huaguang , Zhang Zexin , Ling Xinsheng Sean
Published: May 2021

Liquid crystals are important condensed matter systems for technological applications, as well as for fundamental studies.
Energy scavenging luminescent piezo-fabrics: small silicon dots enable big electrical outputs
Authors: Peng Zhou , Chen Jiaqi , Wang Chuanfeng , Li Wei , Zhang Binbin , Cao Jingjing , Lu Jun , Wu Jinzhu , Yang Weiqing
Published: May 2021

The present study demonstrates for the first time the incredible potential of earth abundant silicon based quantum dots for flexible, multi-functional, and self-powered optoelectronics.
In situ interferometry study of ionic mass transfer phenomenon during the electrodeposition and dissolution of Li metal in solvate ionic liquids
Authors: Miki Akinori , Nishikawa Kei , Kamesui Go , Matsushima Hisayoshi , Ueda Mkito , Rosso Michel
Published: May 2021

Digital holographic microscope can in situ visualize concentration profile during the electrodeposition and dissolution of Li metal.
Mixed polymer and bioconjugate core/shell electrospun fibres for biphasic protein release
Authors: Adala Inchirah , Ramis Jopeth , Ntone Moussinga Cynthia , Janowski Isabella , Amer Mahetab H. , Bennett Andrew J. , Alexander Cameron , Rose Felicity R. A. J.
Published: May 2021

We report the fabrication of a coaxial electrospun scaffold with a bioactive molecule in the core and a protein conjugated at the surface. To construct the scaffold, we chose polyethylene oxide for the core material and a polycaprolactone/Jeffamine blend for the shell.
An injectable photothermally active antibacterial composite hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogel for promoting the wound healing process through photobiomodulation
Authors: Ma Mengsi , Zhong Yalan , Jiang Xulin
Published: May 2021

A biodegradable and injectable thermosensitive composite hydrogel exhibited excellent photothermal antibacterial properties and could promote wound healing by combining photobiomodulation.
Green syntheses of stable and efficient organic dyes for organic hybrid light-emitting diodes
Authors: Huang Yunping , Cohen Theodore A. , Sommerville Parker J. W. , Luscombe Christine K.
Published: May 2021

Transmuting a natural product in chocolate into phosphors for light-emitting diodes.
Identifying Childhood Expressive Language Features That Best Predict Adult Language and Communication Outcome in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: LeGrand Kaya J. , Weil Lisa Wisman , Lord Catherine , Luyster Rhiannon J.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Several studies have reported that “useful speech” at 5 years of age predicts outcomes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but this skill has been vaguely defined. This study investigates which specific aspects of expressive language in children with ASD best predict adult language and communication outcomes.

Method

Language samples from 29 children (ages 47–72 months) enrolled in a longitudinal project (e.g.,
Lord et al., 2006
) were transcribed and coded for spoken language features. Hierarchical linear regression was used to compare the following childhood variables as predictors of adult language and communication outcomes: noun diversity, verb diversity, mean length of utterance, and proportion of utterances that were socially motivated.

Results

Childhood verb diversity was a value-added predictor of all four adult outcome measures (i.e., verbal IQ, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Communication + Social Interaction Algorithm totals, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores, and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Communication Domain scores), while noun diversity and proportion of utterances that were socially motivated were not value-added predictors of any adult outcome measures. In a second set of regression analyses, mean length of utterance was substituted for verb diversity and was a value-added predictor of two out of four adult outcome measures (i.e., verbal IQ and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Communication Domain scores). The pattern of findings for the other predictors remained the same as in the previous analyses.

Conclusion

These results have implications for our understanding of early language in ASD and for clinical decision making in early childhood.
Questioning ‘what makes us human’: How audiences react to an artificial intelligence–driven show
Authors: Eagle Rob , Lander Rik , Hall Phil D.
Published: May 2021

I am Echoborg is promoted as ‘a show created afresh each time by the audience in conversation with an artificial intelligence (AI)’. The show demonstrates how AI in a creative and performance context can raise questions about the technology’s ethical use for persuasion and compliance, and how humans can reclaim agency. This audience study focuses on a consecutive three‐night run in Bristol, UK in October 2019. The different outcomes of each show illustrate the unpredictability of audience interactions with conversational AI and how the collective dynamic of audience members shapes each performance. This study analyses (1) how I am Echoborg facilitates audience cocreation in a live performance context, (2) the show’s capacity to provoke nuanced understandings of the potential for AI and (3) the ability for intelligent technology to facilitate social interaction and group collaboration. This audience study demonstrates how the show inspires debate beyond binary conclusions (i.e. AI as good or bad) and how audiences can understand potential creative uses of AI, including as a tool for cocreating entertainment with (not just for) them.
LIBS characterization of algal fouling on insulators
Authors: Zhang Fuzeng , Chen Shaojie , Wang Tingting , Xu Yongsheng , Qin Xinran , Wang Xilin , Jia Zhidong
Published: May 2021

Algae contamination accumulated on the surface of insulators will affect the electrical properties of insulators. At present, the characterization method of algae contamination is the image method, which determines the distribution of algae contamination through colour. The detection results are affected by environmental changes and the growth state of algae. This paper puts forward a method of detecting polluted insulator surface with algae by using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique, combined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM), inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP), analyzed by the spectra of algae contamination. Mg, Ca, Fe are selected as the analytical element. The classification of algae contamination, non‐algae contamination and no contamination are realized with the principal component analysis (PCA). The research results are of great significance for characterization of algal pollution on insulator surface by LIBS.
The use of dynamic programming and golden section search for the optimal load‐shedding strategy of HEMS participating in demand response program
Authors: Chang Chien‐Kuo , Lee Sheng‐Hung , Wu Ruay‐Nan
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the optimal load‐shedding strategy of home energy management systems (HEMSs). The HEMS uses the dynamic programming (DP) method to plan the day ahead, schedule, and connects to smart plugs to perform load‐shedding. HEMS solves the shedding schedule of smart plugs considering the prediction of consumption of each smart plug and the consumer's demand response (DR) setting. In addition, the maximum DR capacity was determined by using golden section search (GSS). Some DR experiments were conducted by the proposed method in laboratory and these comprised three different DR durations. The results show that the estimated DR capacities and shedding schedules were feasible. Thus, it helps both the DR participants and aggregator to seize the optimum performance and benefits.
TITANS metal-poor reference stars
Authors: Giribaldi R. E. , da Silva A. R. , Smiljanic R. , Cornejo Espinoza D.
Published: May 2021

Context. Several large stellar spectroscopic surveys are producing enormous amounts of data that can be used to determine stellar atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances. Nonetheless, the accuracy achieved in the derived astrophysical parameters is still insufficient, mainly because of the paucity of adequate calibrators, particularly in the metal-poor regime ([Fe/H] ≤−1.0).

Aims. Our aim is to increase the number of metal-poor stellar calibrators that have accurate parameters. Here, we introduce the TITANS metal-poor reference stars: a sample of 41 dwarf and subgiant stars with accurate, but model-dependent, parameters.

Methods. Effective temperatures (Teff) were derived by fitting observed Hα profiles with synthetic lines computed using three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model atmospheres that take local thermodynamic equilibrium departures into account (non-LTE effects). Surface gravities (log g) were computed using evolutionary tracks and parallaxes from Gaia early-data release 3.

Results. The same methods recover the Teff values of the Gaia benchmark stars, which are mostly based on interferometric measurements, with a 1σ dispersion of ±50 K. We assume this to be the accuracy of the Hα profiles computed from 3D non-LTE models for metal-poor dwarfs and subgiants, although this is likely an upper-bound estimate dominated by the uncertainty of the standard Teff values. We achieved an internal precision typically between 30 and 40 K; these errors are dominated by instrumental effects. The final total uncertainty for the Teff values of the TITANS are thus estimated to be of the order of 1%. The typical error for log g is ≤0.04 dex. In addition, we identified a few members of Gaia-Enceladus, of Sequoia, and of the Helmi stream in our sample. These stars can pave the way for the accurate chemical characterisation of these Galactic substructures.

Conclusions. Using the TITANS as a reference, large stellar surveys will be able to improve the internal calibration of their astrophysical parameters. Ultimately, this sample will help users of data from Gaia and large surveys to reach their goal of redefining our understanding of stars, stellar systems, and the Milky Way.
On derivative based bounding for simplicial branch and bound
Authors: Hendrix Eligius M. T. , -Tóth Boglarka G. , Messine Frederic , Casado Leocadio G.
Published: May 2021

Simplicial based Global Optimization branch and bound methods require tight bounds on the objective function value. Recently, a renewed interest appears on bound calculation based on Interval Arithmetic by Karhbet and Kearfott [Reliable Comput. 25 (2017) 53–73] and on exploiting second derivative bounds by Mohand [RAIRO Oper. Res. 55 (2021) S2373–S238]. The investigated question here is how partial derivative ranges can be used to provide bounds of the objective function value over the simplex. Moreover, we provide theoretical properties of how this information can be used from a monotonicity perspective to reduce the search space in simplicial branch and bound.
Demonstration of Three Distinct High-Molecular-Weight Complexes between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 and Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Ito Tae , Suzuki Yuko , Sano Hideto , Honkura Naoki , Castellino Francis J. , Urano Tetsumei
Published: May 2021

Background Details of the molecular interaction between tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) remain unknown.

Methods and Results Three distinct forms of high-molecular-weight complexes are demonstrated. Two of the forms were detected by mass spectrometry. The high molecular mass detected by MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) was 107,029 Da, which corresponds to the sum of molecular masses of the intact tPA (65,320 Da) and the intact PAI-1 (42,416 Da). The lower molecular mass was 104,367 Da and is proposed to lack the C-terminal bait peptide of PAI-1 (calculated mass: 3,804 Da), which was detected as a 3,808 Da fragment. When the complex was analyzed by SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), only a single band was observed. However, after treatment by SDS and Triton X-100, two distinct forms of the complex with different mobilities were shown by SDS-PAGE. The higher molecular weight band demonstrated specific tPA activity on fibrin autography, whereas the lower molecular weight band did not. Peptide sequence analysis of these two bands, however, unexpectedly revealed the existence of the C-terminal cleavage peptide in both bands and its amount was less in the upper band. In the upper band, the sequences corresponding to the regions at the interface between two molecules in its Michaelis intermediate were diminished. Thus, these two bands corresponded to distinct nonacyl–enzyme complexes, wherein only the upper band liberated free tPA under the conditions employed.

Conclusion These data suggest that under physiological conditions a fraction of the tPA–PAI-1 population exists as nonacylated–enzyme inhibitor complex.
An Indigenous Method of Securing Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Tube in Peritoneal Cavity
Authors: Kalra Samir Kumar , Shah Krishna , Tyagi Sneyhil , John Suviraj , Acharya Rajesh
Published: May 2021

Introduction Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is the most common procedure used for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion in hydrocephalus. Over the years, many technical, procedural, and instrument-related advancements have taken place which have reduced the associated complication rates. Shunt block is a very common complication irrespective of the shunt system used. The abdominal end of the shunt tube gets blocked usually due to plugging of omentum onto the shunt catheter. We describe a technique of catheter fixation and placement under vision coupled with omentopexy done laparoscopically to prevent this complication.

Materials and Methods This technique was used in 23 patients (11 female, 12 male; range 16–73 years) afflicted with hydrocephalus from June 2016 and December 2019 after obtaining an informed consent, and the outcomes were noted in terms of shunt patency, complications, if any, and the need for revision.

Results The median operation time was 90 minutes (range 35–160 minutes). All shunt catheters were still functional after a mean follow-up of 16.5 months (range 1–34 months) and none required revision.

Conclusion Laparoscopic placement of shunt tube along with omental folding is a safe and effective technique for salvaging the abdominal end of VPS and may be helpful in reducing shunt blockage.
A practical approach for standardization of converse piezoelectric constants obtained from piezoresponse force microscopy
Authors: O'Donnell Joseph , Haq Ehtsham Ul , Silien Christophe , Soulimane Tewfik , Thompson Damien , Tofail Syed A. M.
Published: May 2021

The ability to reliably measure electromechanical properties is crucial to the advancement of materials design for applications in fields ranging from biology and medicine to energy storage and electronics. With the relentless miniaturization of device technology, the ability to perform this characterization on the nanoscale is paramount. Due to its ability to probe electromechanical properties on the micro- and nano-scales, piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) has become the premier tool for piezoelectric and ferroelectric characterization of a new generation of smart, functional materials. Despite its widespread use and popularity, PFM is a highly nuanced technique, and measurements on similar samples using different machines and/or in different laboratories often fail to agree. A comprehensive protocol for accurate quantitative measurements has not been presented in the literature, slowing the general uptake of the technique by reducing the ability of research groups to take full advantage of PFM for their characterization needs. Here, we present a procedure for PFM measurements, which outlines the practical aspects of quantitative PFM, from sample preparation to probe choice and use of control samples, and we substantiate these steps with original data on lithium niobate control samples. This quantitative characterization protocol is critical as society looks to smaller, greener alternatives to traditional piezoelectric materials for applications such as drug delivery, bio-microelectromechanical system sensors and actuators, and energy harvesting.
Fluid model of plasma–liquid interaction: The effect of interfacial boundary conditions and Henry’s law constants
Authors: Liu Yifan , Liu Dingxin , Zhang Jishen , Sun Bowen , Luo Santu , Zhang Hao , Guo Li , Rong Mingzhe , Kong Michael G.
Published: May 2021

Plasma–liquid interaction is a critical area of plasma science, mainly because much remains unknown about the physicochemical processes occurring at the plasma–liquid interface. Besides a lot of experimental studies toward the interaction, a few fluid models have also been reported in recent years. However, the interfacial boundary conditions in the models are different and the Henry’s law constants therein are uncertain; hence, the accuracy and robustness of the simulation results are doubtable. In view of this, three 1D fluid models are developed for the interaction between a plasma jet and deionized water, each of which has a unique interfacial boundary condition as reported in the literature. It is found that the density distribution of reactive species is nearly independent of the interfacial boundary conditions in both the gas and liquid phases, except for that in the interfacial gas layer with a thickness of several tens of micrometers above water. The densities of the reactive species with high Henry’s law constants (H > 104) are much different in such gas layers among the interfacial boundary conditions. Moreover, some Henry’s law constants are changed in the models according to their uncertainty reported in the literature, and only the reactive species with low Henry’s law constants (H < 1) have their aqueous densities following the change. These densities are very low in the plasma-activated water. It could be concluded that the simulation of plasma–liquid interaction is generally independent of the interfacial boundary conditions and the uncertainty in Henry’s law constants.
Study of defect properties and recombination mechanism in rubidium treated Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cells
Authors: Tangara Hamidou , Zahedi-Azad Setareh , Not Jennifer , Schick Jakob , Lafuente-Sampietro Alban , Islam Muhammad Monirul , Scheer Roland , Sakurai Takeaki
Published: May 2021

Heavy alkali-metal treatment of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorbers has been emerging as a key process for achieving over 23% high conversion efficiencies in CIGSe solar cells. Here, we investigate the effect of rubidium fluoride post-deposition treatment (RbF-PDT) on the electronic and carrier recombination properties of narrow bandgap (narrowgap) gap and wide bandgap (widegap) CIGSe solar cells using thermal admittance spectroscopy (TAS), transient photocapacitance spectroscopy (TPC), as well as time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL). We find that the activation energy of the main capacitance step in TAS spectra of narrowgap and widegap CIGSe solar cells reduces after RbF-PDT. On the other hand, capacitance–voltage (C–V) and temperature-dependent current–voltage (IVT) measurements demonstrate that the built-in potential, as well as the activation energy Ea, increases upon RbF-PDT both for narrowgap and widegap samples, pointing to reduced interface recombination. TPC revealed an appreciable reduction of the optical response of bulk defects in the narrowgap and widegap CIGSe, suggesting improvement of bulk properties after RbF treatment. TRPL confirmed that RbF-PDT significantly reduces carrier recombination in the bulk of narrowgap and widegap CIGSe absorbers and at the surface, leading to extended carrier lifetimes. Analysis of open-circuit voltage (VOC) losses due to nonradiative recombination in the bulk of the CIGSe showed a strong correlation between enhanced carrier lifetime and improved VOC for narrow gap CIGSe cells. In contrast, although we observed a substantial decrease of VOC losses in widegap CIGSe bulk, the analysis indicated that the key to photovoltaic performance enhancement is improved interface quality.
Effects of the spanwise heterogeneity of a three-dimensional wavy wall on momentum and scalar transport
Authors: Zhang Enwei , Wang Xiaoliang , Liu Qingquan
Published: May 2021

We numerically investigate turbulent flow and scalar transport over a three-dimensional wavy wall using a large eddy simulation. The results show that the spanwise heterogeneity of the three-dimensional wall affects the characteristics of turbulent flow as well as momentum and scalar transport. The 3D wavy wall induces alternating distributed secondary flows along the spanwise direction, which weakens the intensity of the streamwise turbulent shear layer and Reynolds stress. The double-averaged streamwise velocity profile displays an obviously upward shift relative to the two-dimensional case. The magnitude of the dispersive stress is modulated in the spanwise direction, suggesting the formation of low- and high-momentum pathways. The peak convection intensity is independent of the wall topography, albeit with shifts along the spanwise direction due to the strong shear layer between the inflow and reversed flow. The profiles of the vertical turbulent scalar flux show positive–negative variance in the viscous sublayer in both the streamwise and spanwise directions. This is also induced by the secondary flow. Vortices around a hill have a spanwise-bend feature, which strongly affects the turbulent scalar flux. The spanwise heterogeneity modulates the mean flow fields through the formation of a secondary flow ahead of the hill and a reversed vortex pair after the crest develops downstream. Both the secondary flow and reversed vortex pair have an orderly and alternating distribution near the wall.