bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open-label phase II/III study of nivolumab plus standard of care versus standard of care for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: Checkmate-9X8.
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Yoshino Takayuki , Cohn Allen Lee , Kochenderfer Mark D. , Holdridge Regan C. , Couture Felix , Elez Elena , Bendell Johanna C. , Zhou Ming , Cullen Dana , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: January 2019

TPS718

Background: 5-FU-containing regimens with oxaliplatin or irinotecan and a biologic agent such as the VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab (BEV) are standard-of-care (SOC) options for the treatment of first-line (1L) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the objective response rate (ORR) with these regimens is 38%, and median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) are 9.4 months and 21.3 months, respectively (Saltz et al. JCO 2007). Thus, there is a need for therapies that will provide durable clinical responses and improved survival. mCRC tumors represent classic “cold” tumors characterized by low expression of inflammatory and immune signatures. Emerging evidence suggests that there may be subtypes of mCRC that could benefit from synergistic immunogenic stimuli with immunotherapy agents combined with other compounds. The immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab (NIVO) enhances antitumor T-cell activity through the inhibition of the programmed death-1 receptor. Chemotherapy and BEV may have potential synergistic immune-stimulatory effect on the tumor and its microenvironment. Therefore, combining NIVO with SOC may enhance the antitumor immune response and improve clinical activity in 1L mCRC. The international, multicenter, open-label phase 2/3 CheckMate-9X8 (NCT03414983) trial will evaluate efficacy and safety of the combination of NIVO+SOC, compared with SOC alone, in previously untreated patients with mCRC. Methods: An estimated 180 patients aged ≥ 18 years with histologically confirmed mCRC, no prior therapy for mCRC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1, and an adequate tissue sample, will be randomized to receive either NIVO+SOC or SOC alone. Patients who have had prior treatment with a checkpoint inhibitor; have autoimmune, cardiovascular, or hepatic disease; or test positive for hepatitis B or C (indicating detectable virus) will be excluded. The primary endpoint is PFS assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR) using RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints include ORR, disease control rate, duration of response, and time to response, all by BICR; OS; and safety. Clinical trial information: NCT03414983.
ABT-165 plus FOLFIRI versus bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) previously treated with fluoropyrimidine/oxaliplatin and bevacizumab.
Authors: Wainberg Zev A. , Wang Lan , Yue Huibin , Motwani Monica , Kasichayanula Sreeneeranj , Blaney Martha Elizabeth , Naumovski Louie , Strickler John H.
Published: January 2019

TPS720

Background: Dual variable domain immunoglobulin ABT-165 targets human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4). Combined VEGF and DLL4 blockade increased inhibition of subcutaneous xenograft growth of human colon cancer-derived cell lines versus blockade of either axis alone. In vivo, ABT-165 plus chemotherapy (CT) induced tumor regression with improved efficacy, vs anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody plus CT. In a phase 1 study, tolerable recommended phase 2 dose was identified for ABT-165 plus FOLFIRI and showed promising efficacy. This phase 2 trial in progress assesses efficacy/safety of ABT-165 plus FOLFIRI vs bevacizumab (bev) plus FOLFIRI in patients with second-line mCRC. Methods: This is an open-label, multicenter, phase 2 randomized (1:1) trial (NCT03368859) in patients (≥ 18 years; Eastern Cooperative performance status: 0–1) with histologically/cytologically confirmed mCRC who progressed after fluoropyrimidine/oxaliplatin and bev. ABT-165 (2.5 mg/kg) plus FOLFIRI (irinotecan: 180 mg/m2; leucovorin: 400 mg/m2; fluorouracil bolus: 400 mg/m2, infusion: 2400 mg/m2) or bev (5 mg/kg) plus FOLFIRI are given intravenously on day 1 of each 14-day cycle, until disease progression/intolerable toxicity. Primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety. Exploratory endpoints include biomarkers predictive for efficacy/safety, correlation of DLL4 levels with PFS, OS, and ORR, pharmacodynamic effects, and efficacy/safety-exposure relationships in ABT-165 arm. Hazard ratios of PFS and OS comparing the 2 groups are estimated using Cox proportional hazard model. Kaplan-Meier methodology is used to estimate PFS and OS curves, median PFS and OS, and their 90% confidence intervals. Safety is assessed by ABT-165 exposure, adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, all deaths, and changes in laboratory data and vital signs. Archival tissue is collected and evaluated for DLL4 expression and angiogenesis signature. Approximately 100 patients are planned to be enrolled, with recruitment initiated January 2018. Clinical trial information: NCT03368859.
NSABP FR-2: Phase II study of durvalumab following neoadjuvant chemoRT in stage II-IV rectal cancer.
Authors: George Thomas J. , Yothers Greg , Lee James J. , Jacobs Samuel A. , Deutsch Melvin , Allegra Carmen Joseph , Wolmark Norman
Published: January 2019

TPS727

Background: Locally advanced rectal cancer remains a clinical challenge with few improvements noted over the past few decades. Although immunotherapy has no current clinical role in microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer, preclinical models suggest that radiotherapy (RT) can enhance neoantigen presentation, modulate the microenvironment, and improve the likelihood of anti-tumor activity with checkpoint inhibitor use. This prospective phase II trial will test that hypothesis in addition to confirming safety of this approach using a “window-of-opportunity” study design with the anti-PD-L1 agent durvalumab (MEDI4736). Methods: This multi-center phase II trial is currently enrolling patients (pts) with rectal cancer who are undergoing standard NCCN guideline-compliant neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Eligibility includes pts with MSS stage II-IV rectal cancer with adequate organ function and pre-treatment diagnostic tumor available for profiling who are undergoing CRT with intentions to proceed to surgical resection. Stage IV disease must be limited such that the primary pelvic tumor requires definitive management. Standard ineligibility criteria include active infections, systemic steroid use, or other conditions making immunotherapy use unsafe. Treatment includes durvalumab (750mg IV infusion once every 2 wks) for 4 total doses beginning within 3-7 days after CRT completion. Surgery must be within 8-12 wks of the final CRT dose. Primary endpoint is a demonstrated improvement in Neoadjuvant Rectal Cancer (NAR) score compared to historical controls targeting a 20% relative risk reduction in DFS and 3-4% absolute OS improvement. Secondary endpoints include OS, DFS, toxicity, pCR, cCR, therapy completion, negative surgical margins, sphincter preservation, off-target “abscopal” effects for the subset of stage IV pts, and exploratory assessments of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, circulating immunologic profiles, and molecular predictors of response. A safety run-in phase has completed as a precedent to full enrollment. Enrollment now continues to 47 total pts to achieve 41 surgically evaluable pts. NCT03102047. Support: AstraZeneca-Medimmune, NSABP Foundation Clinical trial information: NCT03102047.
Colorectal Cancer Metastatic dMMR Immuno-Therapy (COMMIT) study (NRG- GI004/SWOG-S1610): A randomized phase III study of mFOLFOX6/bevacizumab combination chemotherapy with or without atezolizumab or atezolizumab monotherapy in the first-line treatment of patients (pts) with deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
Authors: Lee James J. , Yothers Greg , Jacobs Samuel A. , Sanoff Hanna Kelly , Cohen Deirdre Jill , Guthrie Katherine A , Henry Norah Lynn , Ganz Patricia A. , Kopetz Scott , Lucas Peter C. , Allegra Carmen Joseph , Blanke Charles David , Wolmark Norman , Hochster Howard S. , George Thomas J. , Overman Michael J.
Published: January 2019

TPS728

Background: Deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) cells are highly immunogenic. Preclinical data showed that oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy combined with anti-VEGF enhances antitumor activity of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathway blockade in murine CRC models. Prior phase I study showed mFOLFOX6/ bevacizumab (bev) + atezolizumab (atezo) was well tolerated and enhanced intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells. We hypothesize that the dMMR subset of CRC may be effectively targeted with combination of PD-1 pathway blockade and mFOLFOX6/bev to promote tumor regression. Methods: This is a prospective randomized phase III open-label trial. Pts (N=347) with mCRC dMMR will be randomized to 3 trial arms (1:1:1): mFOLFOX6/bev; atezo monotherapy; or mFOLFOX6/bev + atezo. Stratification factors include BRAFV600E status, metastatic site, and prior adjuvant CRC therapy. Primary objective is to evaluate efficacy of mFOLFOX6/bev/atezo and atezo monotherapy compared to mFOLFOX6/bev. Primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by study investigator. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, objective response rate, safety profile, surgical conversion rate, disease control rate, duration of response, and PFS by retrospective central review. Health-related quality of life is an exploratory objective. Archived tumor tissue and blood samples will be collected for correlative studies. Key inclusion criteria are: mCRC without prior chemotherapy for advanced disease; tumor determined to be dMMR by local CLIA-certified IHC assay (MLH1/MSH2/MSH6/PMS2); availability of archived tumor tissue for central confirmation of dMMR status; and measurable disease per RECIST. Activated 11-7-17. As of 9-24-18, 13/347 pts have been enrolled. Clinical trial: NCT02997228. Support: U10CA180868, -180822, -180888, -180819, UG1CA189867, U24CA196067; and Genentech, Inc. Clinical trial information: NCT02997228.
Equilibrium Provider Networks: Bargaining and Exclusion in Health Care Markets
Authors: Ho Kate , Lee Robin S.
Published: January 2019

We evaluate the consequences of narrow hospital networks in commercial health care markets. We develop a bargaining solution, “Nash-in-Nash with Threat of Replacement,” that captures insurers’ incentives to exclude, and combine it with California data and estimates from Ho and Lee (2017) to simulate equilibrium outcomes under social, consumer, and insurer-optimal networks. Private incentives to exclude generally exceed social incentives, as the insurer benefits from substantially lower negotiated hospital rates. Regulation prohibiting exclusion increases prices and premiums and lowers consumer welfare without significantly affecting social surplus. However, regulation may prevent harm to consumers living close to excluded hospitals. (JEL C78, D85, G22, H75, I11, I13, I18)
The “discard problem” in Mediterranean fisheries, in the face of the European Union landing obligation: the case of bottom trawl fishery and implications for management
Authors: DAMALAS DIMITRIOS , LIGAS ALESSANDRO , TSAGARAKIS KONSTANTINOS , VASSILOPOULOU VASSILIKI , STERGIOU KONSTANTINOS I. , KALLIANIOTIS ARGYRIOS , SBRANA MARIO , MAYNOU FRANCESC
Published: January 2019

Since the first introduction of the landing obligation (a.k.a. Discard ban) in 2015, the EU Mediterranean fisheries are facing some unforeseen challenges. The demersal bottom trawl fisheries, being the most significant contributors to the so-called 'discard problem', are confronted with the greatest challenges. Data from the Italian and the Greek fleet, spanning over two decades (1995–2015), were analysed with the intention of revealing the diversity and heterogeneity of the discard problem, especially for regulated species. Species composition of discards, as well as discarding rates, were shown to be irregular, fluctuating among areas, depth strata, seasons and years. Although fish dominated the discarded gross catch in weight, benthic invertebrates (other than commercial cephalopods and crustaceans) were the taxa discarded almost exclusively. The established minimum conservation reference size was largely ignored by fishers. From a management point of view, the present investigation suggests that the recently established Discard Management Plans lack scientific evidence (given the high intrinsic variability of the parameters and confusion regarding the rules) and provide exemptions from the landing obligation that will in practice allow the average Mediterranean bottom trawl vessel to continue business as usual. Moreover, detecting if these rules are actually respected is an almost impossible task for the Mediterranean control and enforcement authorities. Incentivizing the adoption of fishing technologies and practices that reduce pre-harvest mortality and post-harvest discards, while avoiding damage to sensitive marine species and habitats, seems the only way to move forward, rather than dealing with the problem after it has occurred.
Opportunistic seaweeds replace Cystoseira forests on an industrialised coast in Cyprus
Authors: KLETOU DEMETRIS , SAVVA IOANNIS , TSIAMIS KONSTANTINOS , HALL-SPENCER JASON M.
Published: January 2019

Seaweeds are affected by humans worldwide, although no studies have assessed this in Cyprus. The Water Framework Directive requires ecological assessments of European coastal waters with biological indicators. We investigated macroalgal community metrics in the upper subtidal across ca 10 km of shoreline, encompassing undeveloped areas with limited human access as well as the most industrialised and impacted coast of Cyprus (Vasiliko Bay). Quadrats (20 x 20cm) were used to survey the algal communities in summer 2012 and spring 2013. Of the 51 taxa, we recorded, Cladophora nigrescens and Laurencia caduciramulosa (a non-native species) are new records for Cyprus. Brown algae of the genus Cystoseira, e.g., Cystoseira barbatula, formed dense forests covering rocky substrata on shorelines with limited human access. Cystoseira decreased in abundance around bathing waters and was very rare in heavily industrialised parts of the bay. In impacted areas, fleshy and filamentous opportunistic species such as opportunistic Ulva and Chaetomorpha species with lower biomass than perennial species, proliferated in spring. The Ecological Evaluation Index (EEI-c) we used was a robust biotic index reflecting anthropogenic stress. Without improved management, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive targets may not be met on some coastlines of Cyprus since seaweed forests are in decline and are further threatened by imminent development.
The zooxanthellate scleractinian coral Oulastrea crispata (Lamarck, 1816), an overlooked newcomer in the Mediterranean Sea?
Authors: MARIANI SIMONE , OCAÑA VICENTE OSCAR , LÓPEZ-SENDINO PAULA , GARCÍA MARÍA , RICART AURORA MARTÍNEZ , GARRABOU JOAQUIM , BALLESTEROS ENRIC
Published: January 2019

The zooxanthellate scleractinian coral Oulastrea crispata, a widely distributed species across central Indo-Pacific nearshore marine habitats, has been first reported from the Mediterranean Sea (Corsica) in 2014. Here we report on two new sites for this species in the NW Mediterranean Sea and provide a general description of external morphological characters of the colonies and a detailed account of the cnidom to help future identifications. Living specimens may appear virtually identical to small colonies (~5 cm) of the Mediterranean zooxanthellate scleractinian Cladocora caespitosa. While this species shows long, ramified, independent corallites, with cylindrical calices, O. crispata has enlarged, cup-like calices, which can be joined by the coenosteum. It also shows clear differences among several groups of nematocysts, principally the presence in the filaments of large penicilli (p-mastigophore) of one type, which are absent in C. caespitosa. Identifications based on underwater observations or even the analysis of photographs may easily lead to misleading identifications. We hypothesize that O. crispata may have gone unnoticed because of misidentifications as C. caespitosa. More detailed research is needed to get reliable maps of the actual distribution of this apparently non-indigenous species in the Mediterranean Sea.
Oral hormone pregnancy tests and the risks of congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heneghan Carl J. , Aronson Jeffrey K. , Spencer Elizabeth , Holman Bennett , Mahtani Kamal R. , Perera Rafael , Onakpoya Igho
Published: January 2019

Background: Oral hormone pregnancy tests (HPTs), such as Primodos, containing ethinylestradiol and high doses of norethisterone, were given to over a million women from 1958 to 1978, when Primodos was withdrawn from the market because of concerns about possible teratogenicity. We aimed to study the association between maternal exposure to oral HPTs and congenital malformations.

Methods: We have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies that included data from pregnant women and were exposed to oral HPTs within the estimated first three months of pregnancy, if compared with a relevant control group. We used random-effects meta-analysis and assessed the quality of each study using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for non-randomized studies.

Results: We found 16 case control studies and 10 prospective cohort studies, together including 71 330 women, of whom 4,209 were exposed to HPTs. Exposure to oral HPTs was associated with a 40% increased risk of all congenital malformations: pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.40 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.66; P<0.0001; I2 = 0%). Exposure to HPTs was associated with an increased risk of congenital heart malformations: pooled OR = 1.89 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.72; P = 0.0006; I2=0%); nervous system malformations  OR = 2.98 (95% CI 1.32 to 6.76; P = 0.0109 I2 = 78%); gastrointestinal malformations, OR = 4.50 (95% CI 0.63 to 32.20; P = 0.13; I2 = 54%); musculoskeletal malformations, OR = 2.24 (95% CI 1.23 to 4.08; P= 0.009; I2 = 0%); the VACTERL syndrome (Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiovascular anomalies, Tracheoesophageal fistula, Esophageal atresia, Renal anomalies, and Limb defects), OR = 7.47 (95% CI 2.92 to 19.07; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0%).

Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis shows that use of oral HPTs in pregnancy is associated with increased risks of congenital malformations.
The effect of an electronic module about drug abuse prevention on teachers’ beliefs in Indonesia
Authors: Ghozali Ghozali , Azuhairi A Ahmad , Mohd Zulkefli Nor Afiah , Ibrahim Faisal
Published: January 2019

Background: Drug abuse is a serious global health problem. Globally, 210 million people use illicit drugs each year, of which 200,000 die from drugs. Evidence shows that most drug addicts start using drugs in adolescence (<15-years-old). Adolescents need role models who are able to guide them; teachers have important roles as they are primary role models for students. Therefore, teachers should have positive beliefs to guide students effectively, i.e. they should have good awareness about the threat of drug abuse and high confidence to implement required prevention. This research developed an alternative electronic delivery method of learning material to empower teachers in preventing drug abuse. This study aimed to compare the effect of the electronic and a printed teaching module on teachers’ beliefs about drug abuse prevention.

Methods: 260 junior high school teachers were selected randomly. These teachers were split into intervention and control groups. Before intervention, a questionnaire was completed by both groups. The teachers then completed the learning material: electronic module in intervention group and printed module in control group. One month later, data was collected from both groups using the same questionnaire to assess the beliefs of the teachers

Results: There was significant positive effect on teachers’ beliefs, both in the intervention and control groups. All categories of beliefs at one month after intervention were significantly higher than those at baseline (P<0.001). Based on between group comparison analysis of mean changes, perceived susceptibility in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001), while perceived severity, benefits, barriers and efficacy were not significantly different (P>0.05).

Conclusions: Electronic and printed module intervention significantly increased teachers’ beliefs in drug abuse prevention. The printed module was still effective to be used as learning media, while the electronic module was an alternative with some advantages.
Case Report: A case of metastatic adenocarcinoma found during inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Rajput Akram , Haq Aatera , Uddin Syed Mohammad Mazhar , Zafar Zeeshan , Yaqoob Uzair
Published: January 2019

Tumors found during hernia repair are rare. They may be intrasaccular (most commonly), saccular or extrasaccular, and they are usually primary. In this case report we present a case of metastatic adenocarcinoma (confirmed by biopsy) found inside the inguinal hernia sac. Following further investigation, primary tumor of the ileum and ileocecal junction was found. An elderly male presented with a history of bilateral inguinal swelling for a year, that had been asymptomatic initially, but had increased in size and was painful following prolonged activity. During laparoscopic hernioplasty a right sided inguinal hernia with nodules on peritoneum and omentum were observed. After taking a biopsy, repair of the hernia was performed. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels were raised. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and chest showed a mass involving the distal ileum and the ileocecal junction, with lymphadenopathy, peritoneal carcinomatosis, as well as hepatic and lung metastasis. Surgery was not possible in this patient. A possible relation of an inguinal hernia with an ileal neoplasm was found in this patient. An irreducible swelling not causing any problems can be suspicious, which should be properly investigated to get to an early diagnosis.
Updating the evidence on the effectiveness of the alcohol reduction app, Drink Less: using Bayes factors to analyse trial datasets supplemented with extended recruitment
Authors: Garnett Claire , Michie Susan , West Robert , Brown Jamie
Published: January 2019

Background: A factorial experiment evaluating the Drink Less app found no clear evidence for main effects of enhanced versus minimal versions of five components but some evidence for an interaction effect. Bayes factors (BFs) showed the data to be insensitive. This study examined the use of BFs to update the evidence with further recruitment.

Methods: A between-subject factorial experiment evaluated the main and two-way interaction effects of enhanced versus minimal version of five components of Drink Less. Participants were excessive drinkers, aged 18+, and living in the UK. After the required sample size was reached (n=672), additional data were collected for five months. Outcome measures were change in past week alcohol consumption and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score at one-month follow-up, amongst responders only. BFs (with a half-normal distribution) were calculated for those for which we had outcome data (BF<0.33 indicate evidence for null hypothesis; 0.33<BF<3 indicate data are insensitive).

Results: Of the sample of 2586, 342 (13.2%) responded to follow-up. Data were mainly insensitive but tended to support there being no large main effects of the enhanced version of individual components on consumption (0.22<BF<0.83) or AUDIT score (0.14<BF<0.98). Data no longer supported there being two-way interaction effects. In an unplanned comparison, participants receiving the four most promising components averaged a numerically greater reduction in consumption than those not receiving any (21.6 versus 12.1 units), but the data were insensitive (BF=1.42).

Conclusions: Data from extended recruitment in a factorial experiment evaluating components of the Drink Less app remained insensitive but tended towards individual and pairs of components not having a large effect. There was weak evidence for a synergistic effect of four components. In the event of uncertain results, calculating BFs can be used to update the strength of evidence of a dataset supplemented with extended recruitment.
Recurrent internal hip rotation gait in cerebral palsy: Case reports of two patients
Authors: O'Sullivan Rory , Kiernan Damien
Published: January 2019

Internal hip rotation in cerebral palsy (CP) is typically treated with a femoral derotation osteotomy. This has been shown to be largely a successful procedure but recurrence rates up to 41% have been reported. Reported risk factors include younger age, reduced hip joint impulse and ankle plantar-flexion. 

We report on two patients with bilateral CP demonstrating recurrent unilateral internal hip rotation despite surgical intervention(s).  Both demonstrate a number of the reported risk factors for recurrence.  In addition, this case report specifically compared gait kinematic patterns pre and post recurrence. On comparing both patient’s hip rotation and ankle dorsi/plantarflexion kinematics they are seen to be almost identical both pre-operatively and post-operatively. Both patients appear to revert to approximately 30o of internal hip rotation which has been shown to maximise hip abductor function. Therefore, this case report suggests that surgical derotation in isolation is unlikely to be successful in this group and we suggest that this hip and ankle pattern may help predict recurrence in unilateral internal hip rotation.
“Why have I not been told about this?”: a survey of experiences of and attitudes to advance decision-making amongst people with bipolar
Authors: Hindley Guy , Stephenson Lucy A. , Ruck Keene Alex , Rifkin Larry , Gergel Tania , Owen Gareth
Published: January 2019

Background: The idea that people with severe mental illness should be able to plan in advance for periods of illness as a means of enhancing autonomy has been long debated and is increasingly being enshrined in codes of practice and mental health legislation. It has been argued that the ethical imperative for this is especially pronounced in bipolar (BP), a condition in which sufferers often experience episodic crises interspersed with periods of wellness. However, there is a paucity of published research investigating experiences of advance decision making (ADM) in people with BP or their attitudes towards it.

Methods: An online survey of BPUK’s mailing list was conducted. 932 people with BP completed the survey (response rate 5.61%). Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were conducted to compare experience of with attitudes towards ADM and variables associated with interest in ADM.

Results: A majority indicated a desire to plan care in advance of losing capacity (88%) but most had not done so (64%). High numbers of respondents expressed a wish to request as well as refuse treatment and most wanted to collaborate with psychiatrists, including on issues around self-binding. The most frequent motivation to utilise ADM was a desire to be more involved in mental health decisions. Interest in self-binding was associated with experience of compulsory treatment and trust in mental health services. Interest in refusals of all medication was associated with younger age and lack of trust in mental health services. Interest in ADM in general was associated with younger age but not educational level, ethnicity or gender.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates an appetite for ADM amongst people with bipolar that is independent of educational status and ethnicity. As states reform their mental health laws, attention needs to be given to the distinctive attitudes toward ADM amongst people with bipolar.
RNA-seq analysis of PHD and VHL inhibitors reveals differences and similarities to the hypoxia response.
Authors: Frost Julianty , Ciulli Alessio , Rocha Sonia
Published: January 2019

Background:Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors are well known to control the transcriptional response to hypoxia. Given the importance of cellular response to hypoxia, a number of pharmacological agents to interfere with this pathway have been developed and entered pre-clinical or clinical trial phases. However, how similar or divergent the transcriptional response elicited by different points of interference in cells is currently unknown.

Methods:We performed RNA-sequencing to analyse the similarities and differences of transcriptional response in HeLa cells treated with hypoxia or chemical agents that stabilise HIF by inhibiting components of the hypoxia signalling pathway – prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor or von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) inhibitor.

Results:This analysis revealed that hypoxia produces the highest changes in gene transcription, with activation and repression of genes being in large numbers. Treatment with the PHD inhibitor IOX2 or the VHL inhibitor VH032 led mostly to gene activation, majorly via a HIF-dependent manner. These results were also confirmed by qRT-PCR using more specific and/or efficient inhibitors, FG-4592 (PHDs) and VH298 (VHL).

Conclusion:PHD inhibition and VHL inhibition mimic gene activation promoted by hypoxia via a HIF-dependent manner. However, gene repression is mostly associated with the hypoxia response and not common to the response elicited by inhibitors of the pathway.
The Process of Staff Adaptation in the System of Social and Psychological Support of the Digital Economy Development
Authors: Иванова И. , Ivanova I.
Published: January 2019

The importance of implement the processes of adaptation of personnel during the implementation of information and technological changes in the organization is focused in this article. The practice of using the latest technologies and methods of work in the digital space actualizes the processes of social and psychological support of the staff. It needs to study the people attitude to the new format of interaction in the virtual environment of the organization is caused by the desire to study their readiness to perform their professional functions in modern conditions. The popularity of electronic resources and the increasing necessity its using increases the importance of studying staff attitudes to new conditions, as well as needs to develop a system of measures on the part of the organization that would ensure the most optimal timing of the new technologies development. The use of electronic resources in all areas of work with the staff has a number of advantages and disadvantages, as well as problems and risks. Based on the reasonable theory and practice of adaptation in organizations, it is possible to prevent many negative consequences, to reveal the real prospects of their use in organizations in order to develop and improve the stuff management system in modern conditions.
Questionário sobre qualidade de vida de atletas: adaptação e evidências de validade para bailarinos
Authors: Becker da Silva Andressa Melina , Fiorim Enumo Sônia Regina , De Morais Afonso Renan , Fernandes de Araújo Murilo , Rocchatti Luz Tatiane Stephan , De Francisco Carvalho Lucas , Goulart Bittencourt Isabella
Published: January 2019

A qualidade de vida consiste em um construto multidimensional composto por dimensões cognitivas, emocionais e comportamentais, de socialização e percepçãode saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as evidências de validade do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida sobre Atletas (QQVA) aplicando-o embailarinos adolescentes (QQVA-B). Foram avaliados 313 bailarinos, com idade entre 10 e 19 anos (M = 15.56; ± 3.59), durante festivais de dança no Brasil de caráternacional e internacional. Foi realizada a verificação das evidências de validade de conteúdo (avaliação de especialistas para pertinências teórica e prática, com adaptações para bailarinos e linguagem – acessível para adolescentes), além da verificação das evidências de validade da consistência interna, com análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. Os resultados, discutidos ao longo do artigo, indicam que o instrumento apresenta propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias para ser utilizado em bailarinos.Palavras-chave: bailarinos, qualidade de vida, psicologia do esporte, testes psicológicos.
Priming and Prejudice: The Bias Effect of Origin Information on Peer Review, Judgment and Evaluation
Authors: Victorino Luiz , Pilati Ronaldo , Linhares Alexandre
Published: January 2019

The peer review system is a core tenet of scientific publishing, and has been studied throughout the years. Recent discussions on judgment and evaluation biases have highlighted the importance of priming effects on those processes. We have conducted two experiments with evaluation tasks (a scientific article evaluation, with professors and PhD students as participants, and a chocolate tasting, with undergraduates) in which they were exposed to a footnote acknowledging financial support from a fictional agency. In one condition, theagency’s name was associated with the African continent, while in another condition, it was associated with the European continent. There were statisticallysignificant differences in judgments on both tests, with individuals on the European condition giving better evaluations of the article and the chocolate, even thoughthe stimuli were subtle enough not to be remembered by 92.5 % of all participants. We also found evidence of a moderating effect of academic experience on thepriming process.Keywords: Peer review, priming, cognitive bias, judgment.
Homofobia internalizada, conectividad comunitaria y salud mental en una muestra de individuos LGB brasileños
Authors: De Oliveira Paveltchuk Fernanda , Callegaro Borsa Juliane
Published: January 2019

Lesbianas, gays y bisexuales (LGB) pueden presentar menores niveles de salud mental que sus pares heterosexuales. Algunos factores pueden impactar la salud mental de LGBs, dentro de ellos la homofobia internalizada (HI) y la conectividad comunitaria (CC). Este estudio investigó índices de HI y conectividad a la comunidad LGB en una muestra de LGB brasileros. Específicamente, se tuvo como objetivo verificar los posibles efectos moderadores de la CC en la relación entre HI y resultados negativos de salud mental. Participaron de este estudio 715 LGBs con edades entre 18 y 70 años (M = 24.14; DP= 7.18), los cuales respondieron a instrumentos para evaluación de salud mental, HI y CC. Fueron realizados MANOVAS y path analysis com el fin de testear el modelo propuesto. Las lesbianas presentaron los menores índices de HI, y gays los menores índices de depresión y ansiedad, y bisexuales los menores índices de CC. No fueron encontradas relaciones significativas entre las variables en el path analysis. Esto puede haber sucedido en consecuencia del contexto de políticas públicas del país, de características de la muestra y debido a limitaciones del propio estudio.Palabras-clave: homofobia internalizada, conectividad comunitaria, Salud mental
El contenido estereotípico y el discurso acerca del prejuicio racial en Bahía
Authors: Techio Elza Maria , Lima Leite Eldo , Pimentel  da Silva Renata , Rodas Torres Ana Raquel
Published: January 2019

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo descubrir el contenido de los estereotipos asociados a las personas racializadas blancas y negras, así como verificar las justificaciones para la existencia de prejuicio racial en Bahía. En esta encuesta participaron 146 personas, de las cuales un 56.8% fueron estudiantes de una universidad pública de Salvador de Bahía y un 43.2% no estudiantes, con edades comprendidas entre 16 y 75 años (M =29.84 DT = 12.663), el 47.6% eran de sexo femenino y el 52.4% de sexo masculino. Los participantes respondieron a una prueba de asociación libre, que contenía las palabras estímulos: personas negras y blancas; además de una pregunta referente a la existencia de prejuicio en Bahía para justificar su respuesta. Los contenidos de los estereotipos indican que a las personas racializadas como blancas y a las negras se les asocian estereotipos referentes al estatus y condiciones sociales. Las personas blancas fueron percibidas como poseedores de un mayor estatus (ricos y guapos) y las personas negras con menor (pobres y trabajadores), lo que corroboró el modelo del contenido de los estereotipos de Fiske et al. (1999, 2002, 2007). Además, los participantes afirmaron que perciben la existencia del prejuicio racial en Bahía. Las justificaciones se agruparon en dos categorías. La primera presenta el prejuicio racial como un fenómeno histórico, mientras que en la segunda el prejuicio racial es visto como un fenómeno actual. Por lo tanto, se pudo verificar que el prejuicio racial fue percibido como un fenómeno social cuyas raíces están en la estructura social brasileña, que lo configura como un fenómeno institucional, que cuestiona el mito de la democracia racial en Brasil.Palabras clave: contenido de los estereotipos, prejuicio racial, prejuicio institucional.
Polyculturalism: Viewing Cultures as Dynamically Connected and its Implications for Intercultural Attitudes in Colombia
Authors: Rosenthal Lisa , Ramirez Luisa , Levy Sheri , Bernardo Allan
Published: January 2019

In our increasingly globalized world, we are more exposed to diverse people and cultures than ever before, making lay belief systems about cross-culturalinfluences as well as consequences of those beliefs for intercultural attitudes important to study. Over the past decade, there has been increasing immigration to Colombia, making it a particularly important place in which to understand people’s attitudes and intentions toward individuals from other countries. We previously found in the Philippines and the us that endorsement of polyculturalism —the belief that different racial and ethnic groups influence and are connected to each other— is associated to a range of positive intergroup attitudes. In the current research, we have built on  these past findings to contribute to our understanding of intercultural dynamics in Latin America, exploring polyculturalism in a cross-sectional survey study with 423 adults born and living in Colombia. We found that endorsement of polyculturalism was associated to more positive attitudes toward people from other countries and greater friendship intentions toward immigrants from other countries moving to Colombia, while controlling for social dominance orientation, national identification, and feelings toward the self. We also found that there were mean differences in people’s attitudes and friendship intentions toward people from different countries, based on type and level of cultural influence. But, type of country, social dominance orientation, and national identification did not moderate associations of polyculturalism with attitudes and friendship intentions, which suggests that these associations are consistent.Future directions and implications of polyculturalism for understanding intergroup relations around the world are discussed.Keywords: Colombia, diversity, globalization, immigrants,intercultural attitudes, intergroup relations, polyculturalism.
Step by step
Authors: Russell Meredith Jones
Published: January 2019

How the Healthy Early Years London programme is benefiting children and staff in the capital. Meredith Jones Russell reports
China's 2009–2050 Economic Growth: A New Projection Using the Marxian Optimal Growth Model
Authors: Li Chen
Published: January 2019

According to Shen and Onishi, China's economy is predicted to reach zero-growth in 2040 and 2033, respectively. Both studies have attracted significant attention in academia. However, their theoretical models have two inadequacies. First, the Euler equations used to depict the dynamic path of the economy are not derived. Second, the labor growth rate is not incorporated into the model. These inadequacies make their empirical projections arbitrary under strict assumptions. Therefore, we derive the Euler equations of the model using dynamic formulations by incorporating the labor growth rate into our model. Using the Euler equations, we depict the path of the Chinese economy from 2009 to 2050. The result indicates that, in 2026, China's GDP would surpass US GDP. Moreover, around 2050, China's GDP is projected to be almost 2.22 times higher than US GDP, while the GDP per capita will be half the US GDP per capita.
Is the Financialization Hypothesis a Theoretical Blind Alley?
Authors: Mavroudeas Stavros , Papadatos Demophanes
Published: January 2019

The Financialization Hypothesis is a popular argument in contemporary heterodox and also mainstream economics. It maintains that capitalism has undergone a radical transformation over at least the past three decades. The financial system, through a series of innovative mechanisms, has conquered the commanding heights of capitalism and has changed the whole system according to its own prerogatives. Concomitantly, the global capitalist crisis of 2008 is considered to have been a financialization crisis. This article disputes the Financialization Hypothesis and argues that instead of casting light on the actual workings of modern capitalism, it misconstrues them and leads into an explanatory blind alley. The spectacular ballooning of the financial system during the recent decades of weak profitability and accumulation does not constitute a new epoch, let alone a new capitalism. Instead, it represents a familiar capitalist response to periods of weak profitability. This does not preclude the proliferation of new financial instruments, which lend specific new forms to a well-known capitalist process. The Marxist theory of crisis and fictitious capital offers an analytically and empirically superior understanding of this process.
Developmental States: The British Crisis and the Imperial Mind-Set
Authors: Keaney Michael
Published: January 2019

British economic decline was a staple of much post-1945 public discourse, until its supposed reversal by the “miracle” of the Thatcher years. In the aftermath of the great financial crisis of 2007, it has been revived with a vengeance as the weaknesses of its rentier economy have been mercilessly exposed. Meanwhile, the relative strengths of more coordinated “competitor” states are once again more apparent. Of the books under review here, two offer theoretically grounded and comprehensive empirical studies, while the other two bring together contributions from those seeking to restore a greater and more strategic economic activism to the British state. If anything, the former serves to underline the rather desperate predicament depicted by the latter, whose very publication is indicative of the cul-de-sac in which Britain now finds itself economically and politically.
In the business of feminism: consultants as Sweden’s new gender-equality workers
Authors: Olivius Elisabeth , Rönnblom Malin
Published: January 2019

Gender-equality work in Sweden is increasingly carried out by private consultancy firms. In this article, we explore the rationalities that govern Swedish market-based gender-equality policy through an analysis of the subject positions that are made available to gender-equality consultants. The article is an adapted version of our published work in Swedish. We analyse what types of agency these positions enable and preclude, as well as how they shape the meaning of gender equality and the content of gender-equality work. While market logics constrain the space for critical analysis and cause gender equality to be subordinated to other goals, consultants nevertheless find ways to resist these tendencies in pursuit of transformative change.
News
Authors: Hebert Kirsten
Published: January 2019

News items relevant to members of the Optometric Historical Society. Includes updates on activities of members, The Archives & Museum of Optometry, and Optometry Cares - The AOA Foundation.
Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Bibit Akor yang Diinokulasi Bakteri Patogen Terbawa Benih
Authors: Suharti Tati , Arwiyanto Triwidodo , Joko Tri
Published: January 2019

Growth and Development of Inoculated in Northern Black Wattle Seedling with Seed Borne Bacterial PathogensNorthern black wattle (Acacia auriculiformis) is a fast growing species that has multipurpose benefits such as pulpwood, solid wood, firewood, charcoal and pellet. Seed-borne bacterial pathogens were reported to reduce seed germination and seedling growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of seed borne bacterial pathogen of A. auriculiformis on seed germination and 12 weeks-old seedling growth. Bacterial seed inoculation was performed by soaking the seed into respective bacterial suspension for 2 hours. The tested bacteria were Acinetobacter sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Escherichia hermannii, Paenochrobactrum sp., Pseudomonas stutzeri, Ralstonia sp., and Salmonella bongori. The results showed that all tested bacteria could reduce seed germination, but those does not affect seedling growth significantly. All tested bacteria excluding Acinetobacter sp. could inhibit seedling growth and development.
Karakteristik morfologi dan sebaran tipe kawin Phytophthora capsici asal lada di Pulau Jawa
Authors: Rohmah Bahru , Hadisutrisno Bambang , Manohara Dyah , Priyatmojo Achmadi
Published: January 2019

Morphology characters and mating types distribution of Phytophthora capsici from black pepper in Java IslandPepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most important spice crops in Indonesia.  Recently its production declining due to infection of foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. This pathogen has two different mating types, namely A1 and A2, in which the presence of opposite two mating types is important for sexual reproduction and formation of oospores. The movement of pepper seedling from one area to another is highly facilitated alteration of  mating type distribution map of P. capsici. The objectives of this research were to determine the morphological characteristics and the spread of mating types of P. capsici in Java. Morphology characters of P. capsici isolates were indicated by variation in sporangial size and shape, as well as types of colony appearance. The length (l) and width (w) of sporangium were in the range of 15.1–76.2 µm and 9.8–44.8 µm, respectively; while the l/w ratio was 1.12–2.27. Mating type assay showed that A2 type was more dominantly found than A1 type. This study found two different mating types present in the same area, i.e. Regency of Pacitan (East Java) and Regency of Sleman (Special Region of Yogyakarta). The findings of this research suggested that it is required more strict control strategy on the mobilization of black pepper seedling particularly in the area where the certain mating type is not found yet so that the emergence of new more virulent genotype of pathogen can be prevented.
Balance and dominance in the vocabulary of German-Turkish primary schoolchildren
Authors: Montanari Elke G. , Akıncı Mehmet-Ali , Abel Roman
Published: January 2019

Balanced bilingualism has inspired debates on bilingualism for a long time, but several questions related to this discourse remain unanswered. How common are balanced bilinguals? Does balance have a positive impact on language proficiency? More specifically, when children begin to frequent schools and thus have a lot of oral and literal input in the school language, how do balance and dominance develop? The present paper discusses the following research questions with respect to vocabulary: Do balanced test results in two languages correlate with a better proficiency than unbalanced results? Moreover, is a balanced use of two languages accompanied by a balanced vocabulary? We used a picture naming task to test the expressive and receptive vocabulary of 98 German-Turkish speaking schoolchildren in a cross-sectional design. To determine balance resp. dominance, we used a combined score of the values in the German and the Turkish testing. The balance/dominance scores show a continuous shift to dominance in the majority language. Consistent use of Turkish has an effect on Turkish vocabulary, but not a negative impact on vocabulary in German. There was no overall positive influence of balanced bilingualism.