bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE LIMB BODY WALL COMPLEX: ABOUT TWO CASES - A RARE ANOMALY
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marrakech., Mahfoudi A. EL , A. Chqormani ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marrakech., A. Abdallah ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marrakech., B. Fakhir ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marrakech., B. Ahlam ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marrakech., K. Harrou ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marrakech., L. Boukhani ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marrakech., H. Asmouki ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marrakech., A. Aboulfalah ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marrakech., A. Soummani ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marrakech.
Published: January 2025

Limb Body Wall Complex (LBWC) is a rare and severe congenital anomaly characterized by multiple malformations, including defects in the anterior body wall, internal viscera, spine, central nervous system, and limbs. This article presents two prenatal cases of LBWC diagnosed at 15 and 31 weeks of gestation. Both cases highlight key phenotypic variations, including ectopiacordis, thoracoabdominoschisis, and limb anomalies, with differing placental attachment patterns. Diagnostic considerations, including ultrasound and maternal serum markers, are discussed alongside insights into etiopathogenesis and the uniformly poor prognosis. These cases underscore the importance of early prenatal diagnosis to differentiate LBWC from other anomalies and guide appropriate management, typically medical termination of pregnancy due to the fatal nature of the condition.
LITERATURE REVIEW ON MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ITS RISING RISKS & MANAGEMENT SKILLS IN SPECIAL REFERENCE TO JAMSHEDPUR, JHARKHAND, INDIA
Authors:   M.Sc Zoology, Jamshedpur Co-Operative College, Jamshedpur, India., Singh Jagjeet , Soren Swati ,   Assistant Professor, Dept. of Zoology, Jamshedpur Co-Operative College, Jamshedpur, India., Kumar Mandal Suraj ,   M.Sc. Zoology, Jamshedpur Co-Operative College, Jamshedpur, India.
Published: January 2025

Municipal Solid Waste is a rising issue in developing countries. Tons of waste are produced in India and are currently being disposed of in landfills. They are not managed well from the view or thought of protecting the environment, nature, soil, water, or air. Municipal waste in landfills is releasing Methane which is one of the most prominent greenhouse gases that is responsible for the rise in global temperature. In Jamshedpur JUSCO, a branch of TATA STEEL is taking the initiative to manage this waste, turn it into Manure, and use it for growing plants around the city. Initiatives like Waste to Wealth are also in full motion to reduce the overall waste load in the city and manage it according to the guidelines.
AWARENESS IN HEPATITIS B PATIENTS- NEED OF THE HOUR
Authors:   Department of Medical Gastroenterology& Obstetrics & Gynaecology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India., Malhotra Parveen , Malhotra Vani ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology& Obstetrics & Gynaecology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India., Singh Harman ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology& Obstetrics & Gynaecology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India., Kumar Sandeep ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology& Obstetrics & Gynaecology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India., Tanya Tanya ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology& Obstetrics & Gynaecology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India., Senti Senti ,   Department of Medical Gastroenterology& Obstetrics & Gynaecology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
Published: January 2025

Introduction:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has variable manifestations which include both hepatic as well as extrahepatic. It affects significant proportion of population worldwide and can causeacute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is limited data regarding awareness of HBV in patients who are suffering from it which is very essential for both prevention as well as cure of this deadly disease. Thus, more researches are required in this field, so that well planned steps can be taken to combat hepatitis B.

Aims and objectives:The aim was to study awareness about their disease in confirmed patients of Hepatitis B.

Materials & methods:This study was a prospective study done at PGIMS, Rohtak for eleven years duration i.e. 01.01.2014 to 31.12.2024, for determining awareness about hepatitis B in confirmed patients of hepatitis B. In eleven years, total 10,000 hepatitis B patients were enrolled which included 700 acute hepatitis B and 9300 belonged to chronic hepatitis B. Out of these 9300 patients of chronic hepatitis B, 6510 belonged to inactive carrier stage, 1860 belonged to chronic hepatitis active stage and 930 belonged to cirrhotic stage. Out of these 930 cirrhotic, 28 had developed hepatocellular carcinoma. All of these patients were evaluated on basis of detailed questionnaire regarding awareness about their HBV infection.

Results:Out oftotal pool of 10,000 patients, only 250 patients were having complete awareness about different aspects related to HBV infection. Fourty patients, in addition to these 250 patients had partial knowledge about HBV.

Conclusion: There is huge lack of awareness regarding mode of transmission, spread of disease, precautions including vaccination and available treatment regarding their disease in hepatitis B patients which needs to be improved on urgent and priority basis.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES ABOUT GOGHRUTA (COWS GHEE) IN ADOLESCENTS IN MUMBAI
Authors:   Professor and HOD of Kaumarbhritya Department of D.Y. Patil Ayurvedic College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra., Dhuri Kalpana , Kamble Namrata ,   Final Year Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kaumarbhritya, of D.Y. Patil Ayurvedic College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra., Gaur Ashwarya ,   Final Year Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kaumarbhritya, of D.Y. Patil Ayurvedic College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Published: January 2025

In India, traditionally ghee is being used in both rural and urban areas. Adolescents modern lifestyles are influenced by the western diet, which excludes cows ghee. The purpose of this KAP study was to investigate teenage consumption habits, attitudes, and knowledge regarding cow ghee in Mumbai, India. Eight hundred and fourteen teenagers, aged 14 to 19, were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their awareness of the qualities of cows ghee and practices and habits of consumption of cows ghee.Out of these 13 % did not respond .Out of those who have responded Sixty-eight percent of the individuals did not include cow ghee in their diet. Butter and cheese intake was greater than average. Merely 32% of the subjects regularly included cows ghee in their diet. Out of 32%, only 7 % utilized their own homemade ghee the rest used commercial ghee. People making ghee at home werent sure if it came from buffalo milk. Of the participants, about 14.8% thought ghee was beneficial for health. Merely 11.3% of the population was aware of A1 and A2 milk and ghee, and only seven of them knew enough about the subject. These results suggest that teens are less likely to consistently consume ghee in comparison to cheese and butter .They are ignorant of the health advantages of cow ghee. The study also emphasizes the importance of teaching teenagers about the benefits of incorporating cow ghee into their diets and the necessity to adjust their eating habits.
ADVANCES IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR DETECTING PROCESS IMPURITIES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON METHOD DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION, AND SCALABILITY
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Anurag University, Hyderabad, India., Srinu Deshoju , Sampath  Kumar Reddy G. ,   Analytical Research and Development, AuroreLife Sciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, India., Jainendra Kumar B. ,   Department of Pharmacy,Anurag University, Hyderabad, India.
Published: January 2025

Background:Gas chromatography (GC) remains a cornerstone in analytical chemistry, extensivelyemployed for the detection and quantification of process impurities, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and genotoxic impurities (GTIs) in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.

Main Body:This review examines the evolution of conventional GC techniques with a focus on method development and validation in line with International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Special emphasis is placed on nitrosamines, scalability, cost-benefit analysis, and the integration of advanced technologies, as these aspects are pivotal in addressing modern analytical challenges.Nitrosamines, due to their carcinogenic potential, have become a focal point of regulatory scrutiny, demanding highly sensitive methods for trace-level detection. Scalability ensures that laboratory-developed GC methods can meet industrial-scale requirements efficiently. The cost-benefit analysis underscores the balance between analytical precision and economic feasibility, which is critical for widespread adoption. Additionally, the integration of advanced technologies such as sustainable practices not only enhances performance but also aligns with evolving environmental and industrial needs.

Conclusion: By synthesizing recent advancements, this article highlights emerging challenges and future directions for GCs role in ensuring pharmaceutical quality and safety. Citations throughout emphasize the fields progress.
CUTTING-EDGE DEVELOPMENTS IN HPLC FOR IDENTIFYING PROCESS IMPURITIES: A REVIEW ON METHOD OPTIMIZATION AND VALIDATION
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Anurag University, Hyderabad, India., Manivardhan Reddy M. , Srinu Deshoju ,   Analytical Research and Development, AuroreLife Sciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, India., Sampath Kumar Reddy G. ,   Analytical Research and Development, AuroreLife Sciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, India., Ramadevi K. ,   Department of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad, India.
Published: January 2025

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a widely utilized column chromatography technique in biochemistry and analytical sciences for the separation, identification, and quantification of active compounds. Renowned as a leading separation technology, HPLC plays a pivotal role in detecting, separating, and quantifying pharmaceutical drugs. The development and validation of HPLC methods are essential in novel drug discovery, development, manufacturing, and various human and animal studies. This review highlights the comprehensive processes involved in the development and validation of HPLC methods. Method development is influenced by factors such as the chemical structure of molecules, synthetic pathways, solubility, polarity, pH, pKa values, and the activity of functional groups. Validation, as per ICH Guidelines, encompasses key parameters including accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, range, limits of detection and quantification, robustness, and system suitability testing.
A STUDY OF IMPACT OF CBNAAT IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS AT A RURAL BASED TERTIARY CARE TEACHING CENTRE IN INDIA
Authors:   Respiratory Medicine RDGMC Ujjain MP and Amaltas MC Dewas MP., M.Z Mansuri , S. Jain ,   Respiratory Medicine RDGMC Ujjain MP and Amaltas MC Dewas MP., M. Singapurwala ,   Respiratory Medicine RDGMC Ujjain MP and Amaltas MC Dewas MP., S. Jain ,   Respiratory Medicine RDGMC Ujjain MP and Amaltas MC Dewas MP., A. Julka ,   Respiratory Medicine RDGMC Ujjain MP and Amaltas MC Dewas MP., J.C Agrawat ,   Respiratory Medicine RDGMC Ujjain MP and Amaltas MC Dewas MP.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: India has the highest number of TB cases in the world and it kills more adults than any other infectious disease. The Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and its utility product the GeneXpert MTB/RIF was adopted as integral part of NTEP for quick diagnosis of MTB with resistance to rifampine.

Aim & Objective: To assess the impact of CBNAAT on the other modalities i.e. smear microscopy and conventional culture and sensitivity.

Material Method: This is a prospective observational, cohort study conducted at RDGMC Ujjain, MP with an enrollment of 200 cases (150 PTB and 50 EPTB) that underwent all the three investigations to fulfill inclusion criteria after a prior approval of the ethic committee and patients consent.

Result: Most the cases were in productive age group of and about 66% cases had low BMI and required nutritional support. The Microscopic sensitivity and specificity were 43% and 100% as against 97% and 90% that of CBNAAT.

Discussion: The yield of CBNAAT is superior and promising in smear negative, EPTB and immuno-compromised cases being of pauci bacilli status. A meticulous investigation is required for those cases that are smear positive but CBNAAT negative cases for the presence of NTM infection. A CBNAAT reporting that of very low and indeterminate is to be repeated and supportive/ or additional clinical and or radiologic findings should be incorporated.

Conclusion: CBNAAT should be mandatory for the entire suspect TB cases especially for EPTB, children and immune-compromised individuals. CBNAAT has certain limitations i.e. it cannot detect drug resistance other than rifampin and non tubercular mycobacterium (NTM). The best approach for diagnosis of EPTB is to combined CBNAAT, histopathology and AFB culture. However the conventional culture and sensitivity with LJ media is gold standard cannot be over looked.
“EducaBlog”: contribution to social education from the professional profile
Authors: Rodríguez Torre Iñigo , Dosil Santamaría Maria , Gezuraga Amundarain Monike , Darretxe Urrutxi Leire
Published: January 2025

This research is part of a larger study and aims to analyze the case of EducaBlog, a professional blog of social education, from a phenomenological perspective to analyze its contribution to the professionalization, identity, and professional development of social education. This report presents the quantitative results and compares them with qualitative ones, both collected through a virtual questionnaire that was aimed at professionals from the third social sector who follow EducaBlog. The analysis was performed using SPSS V.26 software (INC., Chicago, IL) for quantitative data and NVIVO 12 V. Release 1.5 for qualitative data. The results showed that EducaBlog users identify it as a professional learning space that contributes both to professionalization, to identity and to professional development.
Sinergias entre las escuelas rurales y las entidades locales asturianas
Authors: López-Bouzas Nerea , Del Moral Pérez M. Esther , Castañeda Fernández Jonathan , Neira-Piñeiro M. Rosario
Published: January 2025

Las escuelas rurales son clave en sus territorios, ya que dinamizan su comunidad y promueven acciones con impacto económico, social y cultural. Este estudio pretende conocer los proyectos realizados por escuelas rurales asturianas (España) (N = 44) en colaboración con entidades locales. La metodología utilizada es mixta: cuantitativa, pues se consultó a los equipos directivos con un cuestionario sobre la colaboración de sus escuelas con instituciones y entidades locales; y cualitativa, se describen los proyectos realizados en colaboración con entidades locales, identificando sus objetivos, temáticas priorizadas, fuente de financiación e impacto en el territorio. Los resultados muestran que las escuelas están inmersas en proyectos que abordan temas diversos (medioambiente, salud, diversidad, etc.) junto con ayuntamientos, centros culturales, bibliotecas, centros sanitarios, empresas, Organizaciones no Gubernamentales (ONG), etc. Los directores están satisfechos, valoran sus escuelas como dinamizadoras del territorio, afirman que los proyectos responden a necesidades compartidas: ofrecen servicios a la comunidad, fijan población, fomentan el sentimiento de pertenencia al territorio y ayudan a construir una identidad colectiva. Finalmente, se constata el papel activo de las escuelas rurales y la importancia del apoyo externo para desarrollar iniciativas que beneficien a la población.
Optimization of cropping patterns in the Bhimsagar canal irrigation scheme using linear programming approach
Authors: Rajput Jitendra , Choudhary Ramnarayan , Kothari Mahesh
Published: January 2025

Optimization techniques can be employed to determine the best cropping patterns to ensure optimum net benefits, food production, and labor employment. Therefore, the current investigation employed the linear programming module in LINGO 14.0 software to develop optimal crop area allocation plans in the Right Main Canal (RMC) of the Bhimsagar irrigation project. The optimal cropping patterns (OCPs) were generated for 2013–2014 under different canal run (CR) periods in a month, i.e., 30, 24, and 21 days using three objective functions, viz., net benefit, food production, and labor-days maximization. In addition, the OCP scenarios were generated for long-term agriculture sustainability scenarios, viz., 2015, 2020, and 2025. Results revealed that the net benefit was increased by 122.2, 93.4, and 95.5% for Ratanpura (RT), Chaplada (CP), and Maraita II (MT) minor, respectively, under OCP estimated for 30-day CR in 2013–2014, whereas food production was increased by 22.4, 33.8, and 25.9% for RT, CP, and MT, respectively, under OCP over existing cropping patterns. Similarly, under OCP, labor employment had increased by 40.9, 33.8, and 33.1% for RT, CP, and MT, respectively, for 30-day CR. These findings infer that higher net benefits, food production, and labor employment may be achieved by shifting to OCPs.
Research Progress of Microneedles in Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Qiao Xinyu , Liu Derun , Pan Wentao , He Meilin , Meng Fanda
Published: January 2025

Large-scale infectious diseases have become a significant threat to human
health and safety. The successful invention of vaccines is the most powerful means for
preventing infectious diseases and has greatly improved global human health. Even during
the pandemic of COVID-19, which has affected the world, vaccines have played an
irreplaceable role. Microneedles (MNs) punctured the stratum corneum and formed microchannels
in the skin allowing the vaccine to be efficiently recognized by the abundant
antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the skin to form specific immunity. Compared
with traditional vaccination methods, MN transdermal immunization has the advantages
of painlessness, easy storage, and efficient immune response. In this review, we summarize
the types of vaccines, types of MNs, research progress and clinical research status
of MN-based vaccines. We also cover various technologies for vaccine encapsulation,
stable delivery of MN vaccines, and a wide range of potential clinical applications.
We also outline the future development prospects of the MN system onboard to achieve
better clinical benefits.
Identification of Ferroptosis-related Genes for Diabetic Nephropathy by
Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation
Authors: Song Siyuan , Yu Jiangyi
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The present study delves into the exploration of diagnostic biomarkers linked with ferroptosis in the context of diabetic nephropathy, unraveling their underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods:

In this study, we retrieved datasets GSE96804 and GSE30529 as the training cohort, followed by
screening for Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs). By intersecting these DEGs with known ferroptosisrelated genes, we obtained the differentially expressed genes related to ferroptosis (DEFGs). Subsequently,
Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) was carried out to identify key modules associated with
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), culminating in the identification of a significant gene. Enrichment analysis and
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were then carried out on the DEFGs and genes linked to the significant gene. To validate our findings, we employed cohorts GSE30528 and GSE43950, utilizing ROC curve
analysis to assess diagnostic efficacy for DN, as measured by the area under the curve (AUC). Immune cell
infiltration was analyzed and compared between groups using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Bayesian colocalization analysis was performed to examine the co-location of DEFGs and DN. Finally, to validate the hub
genes identified, we conducted quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments in
vitro.

Results:

FUZ, GLI1, GLI2, GLI3, and DVL2 were identified as the hub genes. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that ferroptosis and immune response play an important role in DN. ROC analysis showed
that the identified genes had good diagnostic efficiency in DN. The results of the immune infiltration analysis
showed that there may be crosstalk between ferroptosis and immune cells in DN. Bayesian co-localization
analysis revealed the genetic correlation between the hub genes and DN. The outcomes of the qRT-PCR analyses corroborated the reliability of the identified hub genes as robust molecular markers for targeted therapy
in DN.

Conclusion:

The interplay between immune inflammatory reactions and ferroptosis emerges as a crucial
pathogenic mechanism, offering novel insights into the molecular therapy of DN. Furthermore, the identification of FUZ, GLI1, GLI2, GLI3, and DVL2 as potential targets holds promise for future therapeutic interventions aimed at treating DN.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Treats Obesity by Regulating the Central Nervous System via Short-Chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Yi Chunmei , Xu Mengxin , Zhang Wenlan , Huang Shanshan , Guo Lin , Huang Fayin , Xia Tong , Dai Yongna , Yu Bin , Li Huhu
Published: January 2025

The increasing global prevalence of obesity (OB) calls for the development of effective treatments.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a promising approach by modulating gut microbiota (GM) to enhance the production of short-chain fatty
acids (SCFAs). Research has demonstrated that SCFAs can regulate
appetite and energy expenditure via the Central Nervous System (CNS), underscoring the role of the gut-brain
axis in maintaining energy balance. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted using databases,
such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The focus was on the impact of TCM on SCFA production and its influence on appetite regulation
and energy expenditure through the CNS. This review indicates
that TCM enhances the production of SCFAs, which suppress appetite and increase energy expenditure
through their interaction with the CNS, particularly the gut-brain axis. TCM demonstrates promise as a therapeutic strategy for obesity by enhancing the
production of SCFAs and regulating energy balance. This approach presents a novel avenue for obesity treatment through the modulation of the microbiome.
mRNA Vaccines: Unlocking Potential, Exploring Applications, and Envisioning Future Horizons
Authors: Mishra Gaurav , Rathee Sunny , Garg Munish , Patil Umesh K.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, there have been notable strides in developing mRNA vaccines, resulting in
the creation of potent immunizations against diverse diseases. This review examines the most recent
advancements in this field, focusing on their implications for future vaccine development. The pursuit
of heightened vaccine efficacy is investigated through cutting-edge methods in adjuvant selection,
delivery system optimization, and antigen selection. The review also explores the potential for
personalized vaccines based on genetic profiles, along with the latest techniques to ensure vaccine
stability and extend shelf life. Highlighting the versatility of mRNA vaccines in addressing emerging
infectious diseases and their variations, the review underscores the significance of swift response
plans and advanced technologies to counter evolving viral mutations. In summary, this in-depth analysis
emphasizes how mRNA vaccines hold transformative potential in reshaping both therapeutic and
preventive strategies. Notable achievements include the creation of extremely potent mRNA vaccinations
against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Ongoing efforts to address
challenges like long-term immune protection and increase the effectiveness and stability of
mRNA vaccines are also discussed. This review's main goal is to provide a thorough summary of
current advancements in mRNA vaccine technology while exploring how these advances may impact
future approaches to treating and preventing different diseases.
CDK8 as a therapeutic target for overall survival prediction in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC)
Authors: Xie Feiting , Zhu Qiugang , Yang Shizhou , Jin Xiaofen , Ruan Danqi , Wang Lingfang , Li Yang , Ren Fang , Chen Xiaojing
Published: January 2025

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 (CDK8) is a paracrine transcriptional regulator involved in regulating cellular stress response, growth, and neurological functions in conjunction with mediator complex subunits 12 (MED12), MED13, and cyclin C. Studying the relationship be-tween CDK8 and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) has significant clinical implications in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between CDK8 and poor prognosis of CESC. The results indicated that CDK8 was overexpressed in CESC, and the survival rate of patients in the CDK8 hypermethylation group was higher than that in the CDK8 hypomethylation group. In addition, CDK8 was associated with immune cell infiltration in tumor tissues. Overall, these findings provide more evidence for the relationship between CDK8 and a patient’s overall survival, which could provide insights into clinical diagnosis and prognosis prediction for CESC.
Utilizing Green Chemistry Principles in the Mannich Reaction: Catalysts, Bioactive Skeletons, and Applications in Drug Design
Authors: Swaranjali Vilasrao Hirave , Smita Ravindra Waghmare , Sunayna Sachin Pawar
Published: January 2025

The Mannich reaction, named after Carl Mannich, is a flexible technique for generating β-
amino carbonyl compounds and is a cornerstone of organic synthesis. It produces carbon-carbon and
carbon-nitrogen bonds in one step and is crucial for synthetic chemistry due to its substrate versatility.
Currently, efforts are focused on green chemical modifications for sustainability. Drug design and
development use this Mannich process to synthesize physiologically active chemicals, identify medications,
and derivatize natural products. The Mannich reaction's role in current synthetic methodologies
and its compliance with sustainable chemical practices will be highlighted in this study. The
review article attempted to discuss the mechanism of the Mannich reaction, significant pharmaceutical
applications and analysis in the light of the green chemistry principle. This encompasses a comprehensive
review of the step-by-step process for the course of the reaction and leading pharmaceutical
synthesis, together with practices that make the reaction more sustainable, underlying its overall
versatility and importance in modern-day organic synthesis.
The Use of Portable Device for Measuring Nasal FeNO in Subjects
with Allergic Rhinitis - A Single Center Study
Authors: Duong-Quy Sy , Le-Khac Bao , Craig Timothy , Nguyen-Hong Duc , Tang-Thi-Thao Tram , Nguyen-Tuan Anh , Nguyen-Van Toi , Nguyen-Thi-Hong Lien , Pham-Van Linh , Pham-Huy Quyen , Pham-Van Thuc , Vu-Tran-Thien Quan , Nguyen-Nhu Vinh , Vo-Pham-Minh Thu
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This study aimed to demonstrate the accuracy of a portable device for measuring nasal and bronchial fractional exhaled nitric oxide (nFeNO and FeNO) as an alternative
method to replace a high-cost multiple flow device in subjects with allergic rhinitis (AR) .

Methods:

It was a descriptive and comparative study. The healthy subjects (control group), subjects with AR (AR group) and those with AR and asthma (AR-A group) were enrolled in this
study. They underwent nasal and bronchial FeNO measurements by both fixed flow NObreath ®
connected to nasal mask (for nFeNO) and without mask (for FeNO) and multiple flows HypAir
FeNO ®
.

Results:

There were 153 subjects recruited during the study period, including 63 healthy subjects
and 90 subjects with AR and AR-A. There were no statistically significant differences in anthropometric characteristics between study groups. The concentrations of nasal FeNO and bronchial
FeNO measured by a portable device in subjects with AR were higher than in healthy subjects:
76.0 ± 50.7 ppb vs 36.0 ± 28.1 ppb ( P < 0.01), and 32.3 ± 15.4 ppb vs 9.2 ± 5.6 ppb ( P < 0.001).
There was a weak correlation between nasal FeNO measured by portable devices and multiple
flow devices.

Conclusions:

The portable device is useful in measuring nasal FeNO in subjects with AR. The advantages of a low-cost and accurate portable device may help it be
used in primary care in the management of subjects with allergic rhinitis and asthma
Determining the Association between Preeclampsia and the Thyroid
Hormone Status in Pregnant Women
Authors: Salari Saeideh , Zamani Saeed , Raesi Rasoul , Hushmandi Kiavash , Daneshi Salman
Published: January 2025

Background:

Preeclampsia is a significant multisystem disorder in pregnancy care that
hormonal, environmental, and genetic factors can cause.

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between preeclampsia and thyroid hormone
levels in pregnant women.

Method:

This case-control study was conducted in 2022 with 200 pregnant women in southeast
Iran, utilizing a convenience sampling method. The participants included 100 women in the
preeclampsia group and 100 in the normal pregnancy group. Data related to preeclampsia were obtained from the Integrated Health System (SIB) at the health center in Jiroft city, while information
about the thyroid hormones was extracted from the Ministry of Health's SIB system. The data were
analyzed using SPSS-26 software, employing both descriptive and inferential statistical tests

Results:

Systolic pressure was significantly higher in the preeclampsia group (149.14 mm Hg) than
in the control group (105.33 mm Hg), and diastolic pressure also showed a significant difference
(94.57 mm Hg in preeclampsia vs. 64.33 mm Hg in normal pregnancies). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were significantly higher in the preeclampsia group (3.7) compared to the normal pregnancy group (2.5), indicating a
notable difference (P<0.005). Thyroid thyroxine (TT4) levels were significantly lower in the preeclampsia group (10.78) compared to the control group (12.5)
(P<0.005).

Conclusion:

Thyroid function significantly impacts the risk and severity of preeclampsia, with elevated TSH and reduced TT4 levels indicating potential
complications. Monitoring these hormone
levels is crucial for managing affected pregnancies. It is recommended that health policymakers include thyroid function screening in prenatal care protocols.
Epigenetic Threads of Neurodegeneration: TFAM’s Intricate Role in
Mitochondrial Transcription
Authors: H.M. Aishwarya Bharathi , Prabhakaran Prabitha , Rajan Logesh , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Mathew Bijo , BR Prashantha Kumar
Published: January 2025

There is a myriad of activities that involve mitochondria that are crucial for maintaining
cellular equilibrium and genetic stability. In the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative illnesses, mitochondrial transcription influences mitochondrial equilibrium, which in turn affects their biogenesis
and integrity. Among the crucial proteins for keeping the genome in optimal repair is mitochondrial
transcription factor A, more commonly termed TFAM. TFAM's non-specific DNA binding activity
demonstrates its involvement in the control of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription. The role
of TFAM in controlling packing, stability, and replication when assessing the quantity of the mitochondrial genome is well recognised. Despite mounting evidence linking lower mtDNA copy numbers to various age-related diseases, the correlation between TFAM abundance and neurodegenerative disease remains insufficient. This review delves into the link between neurodegeneration and
mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. Additionally, the article will go into detail
about how TFAM controls mitochondrial transcription, which is responsible for encoding key components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system.
Diagnostic Accuracy Comparison between Automatic and Conventional Blood Pressure Measuring Devices in Adults with Hypertension
Authors: Curi-Curi Pedro José , Santiago-González Nicolás , Valencia-Ledezma Omar Esteban , García-Rascon Rafael , Hernandez-Roque Elia , Oliver-Flores Evelin Y. , Curiel-Ramirez Guadalupe
Published: January 2025

Background

Blood pressure measurement is a main clinical procedure used for the detection of Systemic Arterial Hypertension. Mercury sphygmomanometer, in combination with auscultation technique, is still recognized as the gold standard for non-invasive blood pressure measurement.

Objective

The objective of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy between automatic non-invasive blood pressure measurement devices versus mercury sphygmomanometers in hospitalized patients.

Methods

A prospective, analytical and cross-sectional diagnostic method study was designed to compare the concordance, positive and negative predictive value, the sensitivity and specificity of automatic non-invasive blood pressure measurement devices and the mercury sphygmomanometer. The devices were divided into two groups: the reference standard which was mercury sphygmomanometer (n=150), versus the index tests, that were wrist device (n=150), semi-automatic sphygmomanometer (n=150) and vital signs monitor (n=150).

Results

The monitor detected more cases (69%) of systemic arterial hypertension (p 0.0019, OR 5.3). The semiautomatic sphygmomanometer identified more true positives (n=22) and true negatives (n=113). It also showed a higher diagnostic accuracy: 67% sensitivity (p 0.0576, OR 0.5) and 97% specificity (p 0.088, OR 3.2). A mean arterial pressure variation <5mmHg of 65% was found with the semiautomatic sphygmomanometer (p <0.0001, OR 0.02) and 61% with the vital signs monitor (p <0.0001, OR 0.12). Best concordance of blood pressure between reference standard versus index test was obtained in the following order: Semi-automatic sphygmomanometer, Vital signs monitor, and Wrist device.

Conclusion

The use of vital signs monitor to measure blood pressure is recommended in all patients, although semiautomatic sphygmomanometer is more sensitive for the detection of systemic arterial hypertension.
Optimizing Distribution Transformer Ratings in the Presence of Electric Vehicle Charging and Renewable Energy Integration
Authors: Argade Sachin , Vashikar Vishal , Anantwar Harsha , Chavan Sudarshan L.
Published: January 2025

Aims and Background:

A re-evaluation of distribution transformer ratings is necessary
to ensure efficient and reliable operation due to the significant impact of the growing number of
electric vehicles (EVs) on load dynamics. The objective of this study is to optimize the rating of
the distribution transformers to accommodate the year-round demand for electric vehicle charging
while minimizing expenses and no-load losses. The performance and lifespan of transformers under
dynamic hourly loads are evaluated by analysing real-world EV charging data, load profiles,
and transformer parameters. Using state-of-the-art simulation, real-world data analysis, and optimization
algorithms, this study optimizes the transformer distribution ratings under the integration
of EV charging and renewable energy.

Objectives and Methodology:

Dynamic hourly load changes can be captured by analysing realworld
electric vehicle charging data in conjunction with seasonal load profiles. In order to maximise
transformer lifetime and minimise losses, convex optimisation is subjected to Karush-Kuhn-
Tucker (KKT) conditions. Transformer performance is also assessed by using energy storage devices
and solar energy simulations. To determine the impact of various electric vehicle charging
scenarios on thermal stress and transformer ageing, sensitivity analyses are performed.

Results and Discussion:

Transformers with a 10% higher rating can manage maximum electric
vehicle charging loads with a 15% slower loss of life acceleration, according to our models.
Transformer performance is further optimised with the integration of solar energy and energy
storage systems, which improves load control and reduces operational costs by up to 20%.

Conclusion:

Using a convex optimisation framework and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) criteria,
the study achieves a 95% accuracy rate in predicting hourly load fluctuations.
Alterations in Regulatory Matrix Related to Inflammation in Lungs of Calcium Carbide Exposed Mice
Authors: Ghosh Pujita
Published: January 2025

Pulmonary disorders are established consequence of air pollution. Emissions from vehicles, factories and combustion of biomass are major contributors to air pollution. Accumulation of pollutants in lungs develops several respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Persistent inflammation due to long term exposure to toxicants causes permanent pulmonary tissue damage and often arises serious medical emergency. Calcium carbide (CaC2) and its byproduct acetylene have been recognized as potential environmental toxicant. It is widely used in various commercial fields including fruit ripening and welding, cutting industries.

In the present study we have investigated the inflammatory status and its consequences on lungs during inhalation of CaC2 generated toxicants by mimicking similar situation of people who occupationally get exposed with the same. After 40 days of exposure by calcium carbide generated gas, real-time qPCR has been performed to investigate the level of Cox2 and PGES mRNA. Apoptosis and TH17 as well as Treg percentage have been estimated flow cytometrically. Levels of Cox2 and PGES have been found to increase with the increase in CaC2 exposure. Apoptotic cell percentage has been declined with increasing dose of toxicant. TH17 and Treg cell percentage reduced as the dose of toxicant increased, indicating a balance between the two at 7gm CaC2 exposure. Balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory condition of lung tissue has been attempted after chronic CaC2 exposure, but it has been disrupted at the highest level likely due to accumulation of damaged cells as reflected by the spike of Cox2 mRNA level in 7gm CaC2 exposure.
Empty Promises or Justiciable Rights: The Extraterritorial Reach of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the Context of Unilateral Sanctions
Authors: Mosquera Marquez Paula
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the extraterritorial obligations of States under the ICESCR concerning the effects of their unilateral sectoral sanctions and the implications for human rights. It highlights that unilateral sectoral sanctions, while claimed to be targeted and accompanied by humanitarian exemptions, still negatively affect the economic and social rights of the people in the sanctioned State. This paper analyses the US and EU sanctions on Iran, Venezuela, and Syria, demonstrating how these sanctions impact the population of the sanctioned State. The present paper analyses the problematic nature hereof, especially since there is an absence of justiciable obligations under the ICESCR regarding the effects of unilateral sectoral sanctions on the population of the sanctioned State. Furthermore, this paper shows an incongruity between the theoretical framework of humanitarian exemptions and their practical implementation, which further exacerbates the impact of these sanctions on the population of a sanctioned State. Moreover, this paper offers insights into the legitimacy challenges posed by unilateral sanctions, given their actual humanitarian impact. It underscores the pressing need for countries to exercise restraint when imposing such sanctions and, more crucially, to reassess the implementation of humanitarian exemptions critically.
Maternally Derived Complex Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome 22 Associated with Cat-Eye Syndrome Like Features
Authors: Bouchahta Hicham , Amrani Zhour EL , Elalaoui Siham Chafai , Ouboukss Fatima , Sbiti Aziza , Sbabou Laila , Liehr Thomas , Sefiani Abdelaziz , Natiq Abdelhafid
Published: January 2025

Cat-eye syndrome (CES) is a rare genetic disease first reported in 1965. The estimated prevalence of CES is 1:50,000 to 1:150,000, and it is typically associated with an inverted duplicated small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 22. The specific chromosomal band involved in CES causing partial tetrasomy is 22q11.21, where chromosomal rearrangements occur due to the presence of low-copy repeats (LCR22). The phenotype of CES is extremely diverse, ranging from normal to multiple abnormalities including intellectual disabilities and dysmorphic features. To our knowledge, over 340 patients with CES have been reported to date. This study reports a patient displaying a duplication of chromosome 22pter-22q12 involving band 22q11.21 where the CES critical region is located, and 18pter to 18p11. The propositus is a three-year-old girl, born to an unrelated and healthy couple. She was referred for facial dysmorphism and psychomotor delay. Banding cytogenetic analysis revealed an sSMC resulting from abnormal 3:1 segregation of the maternal balanced translocation t(18;22). Furthermore, the origin of the sSMC was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. The current study emphasized the importance of molecular cytogenetic techniques such as FISH in apprehending chromosomal abnormality. In addition, it shows that partial trisomy 22q11.2 to 22q12 may lead to CES-like symptoms.
Donor Risk Factors Affecting Graft Survival in Pediatric Kidney Transplantations: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ambarsari Cahyani Gita , Kim Jon Jin , Maamor Nur Hasnah , Rosli Izzah Athirah , Muhamad Nor Asiah
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Pediatric patients with end-stage kidney disease require kidney transplants (KT) throughout their lifetime. Long-term graft survival is dependent on multiple factors which are broadly categorized as donor and recipient related factors. Advances in transplant care and changes in donor population demographics necessitate an updated analysis on donor risk factors to guide clinical decision making.

OBJECTIVE

In this systematic review/meta-analysis, we will focus on the impact of donor factors on graft survival in pediatric KT, excluding transplants from donation after circulatory death as the latter are less common in children.

METHODS

This review encompasses studies reporting donor-related risk factors for graft survival in pediatric KT, including age, size, comorbidities, and ethnicity for living and deceased donors, also the cause of death and length of hospitalization for deceased donors. The literature search will use databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane. Two independent reviewers will select studies and assess their quality. Pooled estimates of relevant factors will be computed via a random-effects model using Stata/BE 18 software. Depending on data availability, the subgroup analyses will be conducted based on factors such as donor type (living versus deceased) and age group. The reporting of findings will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

RESULTS

The search and screening for the systematic literature review are anticipated to be finished in August 2025. Data extraction, quality appraisal, and subsequent data synthesis will begin in September 2025. The review is expected to be completed by April 2026, and the study results will be published in 2026.

CONCLUSIONS

Our review will provide a comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence on kidney donor risk factors impacting graft survival in pediatric KT. The results of this review could provide valuable insights for clinical decisions, policy development, and ongoing efforts to improve outcomes for children with end-stage kidney disease requiring KT.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42024500442. https://www.crd.york. ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024500442
Retrospective analysis of the microbiological landscape of bacteremia after blast injury: experience of the 2022–2024 Russian-Ukrainian war
Authors: Beley N.A. , Loskutov O.A. , Strokan A.M. , Izmaylova O.B.
Published: January 2025

Background. Against the backdrop of ongoing russian aggression, the need for effective treatment of combat trauma is becoming increasingly urgent. Infectious complications, including sepsis, remain a significant concern, with up to 14 % of wounded individuals developing bacteremia compared to 4 % in civilian trauma. Studies have shown that S.epidermidis and E.coli are the most frequently detected blood isolates, while ESKAPE pathogens account for 8 % of cases. It should be noted that the literature data on bacteremia in blast injury is limited. This study purposed to evaluate the microbiological landscape of bacteremia and the antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens in military personnel with blast injury. Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort, single-center study was conducted in wounded servicemen treated at a tertiary care facility in Kyiv between February 24, 2022, and March 14, 2024. Inclusion criteria were blast injury as a result of hostilities, availability of blood culture results, admission to a medical facility within < 30 days after trauma. Data collection encompassed demographic, clinical, and microbiological information. Statistical analysis was performed using R and Microsoft Excel. Results. The study included 181 patients (mean age 38.00 ± 0.72 years), of whom 155 were discharged and 26 died. A total of 313 blood cultures were performed, yielding 318 isolates. No growth was detected in 233 cases (73.27 %, 95% confidence interval (CI) 68.41–78.13), while gram-positive pathogens were found in 47 isolates (14.78 %, 95% CI 10.88–18.68), gram-negative pathogens in 22 (6.92 %, 95% CI 4.13–9.71), and fungi in 16 (5.03 %, 95% CI 2.63–7.43) (p < 0.001). The most common isolates were S.epidermidis (7.86 %, 95% CI 4.9–10.82), Candida spp. (4.72 %, 95% CI 2.39–7.05), and K.pneumoniae (4.09 %, 95% CI 1.91–6.26). Among these, 77.78 % (n = 35/45) of gram-positive and 100 % (n = 20/20) of gram-negative isolates were resistant to ≥ 2 antibacterial agents. Gram-positive isolates demonstrated high susceptibility to tigecycline (100 %), amikacin (84.85 %), and linezolid (81.4 %), while gram-negative isolates — to colistin (100 %) and tigecycline (73.33 %). The presence of gram-negative bacteria in the blood significantly increased the risk of death (odds ratio 15.48, 95% CI 4.67–57.17, p < 0.001). Conclusions. Our findings confirm the predominance of gram-positive isolates in bacteremia, but gram-negative sepsis poses the greatest risk. More than 77 % of identified isolates were multidrug-resistant, with high sensitivity observed only to last-resort antibiotics.