bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The operation of second order wave modes on a uniformly sloping beach
Authors: Okeke E. O.
Published: May 2021

Este articulo analiza la teoría referente a los efectos de las ondas de segundo orden, asociadas con las ondas líquidas, a medida que estas se propagan sobre una playa uniformemente en declive. Se emplea un modelo de playa con contornos profundos, paralelos a la línea de costa. lncidentalmente esto asegura que las soluciones especificas identificadas con las ondas, quedan limitadas. Con estas consideraciones se demuestra, que los modelos de oscilación de segundo orden son excitados y mantenidos por la energía derivada de las interacciones no lineares entre el perfil de la onda oscilatoria y la velocidad de los componentes de la onda primaria. Los cálculos numéricos sugieren que las amplitudes de los armónicos de segundo orden parecen crecer constantemente a medida que se propagan hacia la línea de costa, y además aumentan paralelamente al gradiente de playa.Dentro del ámbito de las frecuencias tidales, la teoría parece predecir una estimación de 1) la anchura del bajío continental sobre el cual los modos, es probable que reproduzcan efectos de fondo; 2) el crecimiento y declinación de los modos tidales como funciones de la distancia de la zona de ruptura.
Source mechanism of the november 29, 1978, Oaxaca, Mexico earthquake - a large simple event
Authors: Stewart Gordon S. , Chael Eric P.
Published: May 2021

El reciente temblor de Oaxaca, México (Ms = 7.8) es de especial interés pues se localiza dentro de un tramo de quietud (“gap”) sísmica determinado previamente. El evento generó ondas Rayleigh y Love múltiples de periodo largo (100-200 seg.), que fueron bien registradas por la red WWSSN. Estos datos, junto con datos del primer movimiento de las ondas P, fueron usados para restringir el mecanismo focal. Los resultados indican un mecanismo focal de tipo de falla inversa y oblicua consistente con la subducción de la placa de Cocos según una dirección noreste bajo México (buzamiento ≈14°, rumbo ≈N90°W, deslizamiento ≈+54°); por lo tanto, este evento es ciertamente del tipo anticipado por Obtake, Matumoto y Latham (1977). A pesar de su gran tamaño, con momento sísmico Mo ≈3.2 x 10²⁷dinas-cm, las ondas internas indican una fuente extremadamente simple dentro del rango de periodos de los sismógrafos de periodo largo de la red WWSSN. Esto fue verificado calculando sismogramas sintéticos para la forma de las ondas internas; se utilizó una fuente elemental y el mecanismo mencionado. Este tipo de simplicidad de las ondas internas para temblores fuertes de tipo subducción ha sido observado en otras áreas, especialmente en las Islas Salomón (Lay y Kanamori, 1978) y por lo tanto constituye una característica importante del modo de liberación de la energía elástica a lo largo de algunas zonas de subducción.
The 1978 Oaxaca earthquake source mechanism analysis from digital data
Authors: Reichle Michael S. , Priestley Keith , Brune James , Orciutt J. A.
Published: May 2021

Los temblores de Oaxaca de 1978 (Ms = 7.8), de Colima de 1973 (Ms = 7.5) y de Petatlán de 1979 (Ms = 7.6) ocurrieron a lo largo de la trinchera centroamericana y tienen mecanismos focales similares (fallas inversas de bajo ángulo de buzamiento). El momento del temblor de Colima fue determinado a partir de ondas Rayleigh del manto.La comparación de las ondas del manto indica que el temblor de Oaxaca tiene un momento de 1.5 - 3.0 x 1027 dina,-cm, un poco menor que el de Colima; el momento para el temblor de Petatl:in l..5-2 x 10²⁷ dinas-cm. Usando el área de réplicas como una estimación del área de ruptura, se obtiene que la caída de esfuerzos para el temblor de Oaxaca es de 10-20 bares, similar al de Colima (18 bares); para el temblor de Petatlán se obtiene una caída de esfuerzo de 20 - 30 bares. Registros de instrumentos de período largo de estaciones SRO y WWNSS fueron utilizados  para inferir sobre la complejidad de la fuente. Los sismogramas sintéticos se calculan por medio de! programa de Chapman basado en la teoría de rayos según el método de WKBJ. Resultados preliminares sugieren que el terremoto de Oaxaca se inició en una pequeña área (r = 10 km) con una caída de esfuerzos alta (Ʌδ≥1,000 bares) que se expandió a una área mayor con una caída de esfuerzos menor en promedio.
Strong motion records of the Oaxaca, México, earthquake of november 29, 1978
Authors: Prince J. , Alonso L. , Knudson C. F. , Navarro I. , Mork P. N.
Published: May 2021

El sismo principal del 24 de noviembre de 1978 en el sur de! estado de Oaxaca, México, con magnitud MS=7.8, produjo daños ligeros en construcciones modestas, principalmente de adobe, muy similares a las que fueron destruidas en gran proporción por los sismos de Guatemala el 4 .de febrero de 1976.Aunque por falta de instrumentación permanente para movimientos fuertes en la zona epicentral no se obtuvo un solo acelerograma en la región más afectada, las ·aceleraciones máximas (0.22 g) registradas en la ciudad de Oaxaca, a más de 1OO km del epicentro, sugieren aceleraciones máximas considerablemente mayores en Puerto Escondido y Puerto Angel, a 30 y 35 km el epicentro revisado. Observaciones análogas de daños ligeros asociados a aceleraciones máximas superiores a 0.5 que han realizado en Acapulco, situado·en la misma zona de subducción de la costa del Pacifico. EI nivel reducido de daños en construcciones débiles de adobe todavía queda sin explicación satisfactoria.
Afthershocks int the first 32 hours following Oaxaca earthquake of 29 november, 1978 determined from Sismex Network
Authors: Havskov J. , Singh S. K. , Espinosa J. M.
Published: May 2021

Se han localizado 15 réplicas (3.5≤M≤4.5) ocurridas durante las primeras 32 horas del temblor principal de Oaxaca a partir de los datos de la red SISMEX. El área estimada de estas réplicas corresponde al 60% del área estimada para las réplicas registradas en el campo de 1º al 12 de diciembre de 1978; esta discrepancia se puede explicar si se toma en cuenta la posibilidad de aumento del área de las réplicas con el tiempo.
The Oaxaca Mexico, earthquake of 29 november 1978: a preliminary report on aftershocks
Authors: Singh S. K. , Havskov J. , Mcnally K. , Ponce L. , Hearh T. , Vassilious M.
Published: May 2021

El área de réplicas del período del 1 o. al 12 de diciembre de 1978 para el temblor de Oaxaca (29 de noviembre, 1978; Ms= 7.8) se estima en 6000 km2.  El temblor· parece llenar el tramo de quietud sísmico entre los temblores de 196.5 (Ms =7.6) y .1968 (Ms =7.5) solo parcialmente.
Locations of aftershocks of the Oaxaca earthquake using smoked paper recorders and digital event recorders
Authors: Reyes A. , González J. , Munguia L. , Nava A. , Nernon F. , Brune J. N.
Published: May 2021

Dentro de un proyecto cooperativo entre ClCESE y UCSD, .se instaló una red de 15 sismográfos en la región de las réplicas del temblor de Oaxaca (Ms= 7.8), de Noviembre 29, 1978. Ocho sismográfos verticales con registro en papel ahumado y siete sismográfos de 3 componentes, con graficación: en formato digital, se distribuyeron logísticamente en .9 localidades sobre el área de interés. La red se .inició con la instalación de la primera estación en diciembre 1º, entró en operación total el 5 de diciembre. Cientos de eventos se registraron en papel ahumado y un número considerable se detectó simultáneamente en las grabadoras digitales. Los registros digitales han sido especialmente útiles para la determinación precisa de.los tiempos de arribo de la onda S. Los resultados presentados aquí, incluyen datos para el período del 3 al 18 de diciembre de 1978. Las réplicas están distribuidas en una superficie.de aproximadamente 3,000 km2, con una longitud de 60 km, paralela a la costa, y una extensión. De 35 km, en tierra firme. La distribución de hipocentros sugiere una echado de 20° para la zona Benioff. Las profundidades varian de 10 km al sur de la línea de costa, hasta 40 km hacia el norte. En el extremo norte, a 90 km del eje de la .trinchera mesoamericana, la zona de ruptura parece detenerse abruptamente, debido a la existencia de una falla secundaria, normal al plano de subducción. Esta falla, por primera vez inferida en base a un estudio local, presenta un mecanismo focal compuesto de tipo normal. Probablemente el movimiento sísmico principal ocurrió en esta falla, lo cual podría explicar los graves daños causados en el área de Loxicha.
Oaxaca, Mexico, earthquake of november, 1978: a preliminary report on seismic activity for period 20 january-20 april 1979
Authors: Nuñez-Cornu F. , Ponce L. , Mcnally K. C. , Quintanar L.
Published: May 2021

Entre el 20 de enero y el 18 de abril de 1979, el lnstituto de Geofísica, UNAM y el Laboratorio Sismológico, CALTECH operaron conjuntamente una red local de estaciones sismológicas portátiles al sur del Estado de Oaxaca, con el objeto de observar las réplicas del temblor de Oaxaca (Ms = 7.8) ocurrido el 29 de noviembre de 1978. Aquí se presentan las localizaciones epicentrales para 139 temblores (ML≥3.0). Los principales resultados son los siguientes: (1)el área epicentral alcanza el valor de 9000 km 2, valor que coincide con determinaciones según la fórmula de Utsu-Seki para temblores de Ms = 7.8; sin embargo el área determinada para el periodo del 1º. al 12 de diciembre de 1978 (Singh et al., 1978, 1979) es de solo 6000 km2 y la determinada para las primeras 32 hrs de réplicas (Havskov et al., 1979) es de 3700 km. (2) La actividad sísmica de mayor magnitud se concentra en dos regiones pequeñas; una, en la parte sur central de la zona de réplicas, sugiriendo un lineamiento N-S y la otra, en la parte noroeste del área de réplicas. (3) La región suroeste del área de réplicas presenta escasa actividad sísmica y de baja magnitud; esto sugiere que esta región define un bloque “rígido” que después de ocurrir el temblor se reacomoda liberando su energía elástica a lo largo de sus fronteras con las unidades tectónicas circundantes. Estas observaciones sugieren que la determinación del área de ruptura de! temblor principal, a partir del área de réplicas, debe ser realizado luego de un análisis detallado y multidisciplinario de los factores que pudieran controlar la ocurrencia de las réplicas en espacio, tiempo y energía.
Digital seismic event recorder records and spectral for aftershocks of the november 29, 1978 Oaxaca earthquake
Authors: Munguia Luis , Brune J. N. , Reyes A. , González J. , Simons R. , Vernon F.
Published: May 2021

Un arreglo de 7 grabadoras digitales fue operado en la región de las réplicas del temblor de Oaxaca, México. Los instrumentos operados durante este estudio consistieron en grabadoras digitales de Terra Technology combinadas con sismómetros Kinemetrics y Geotech S-500 de periodos 5 y 1 segundos respectivamente.Espectros y gráficas del desplazamiento (corregidos por la respuesta del instrumento y por Q) fueron calculados. Formas de onda simples y complejas fueron observadas para temblores con aproximadamente el mismo epicentro. Se cree que la complejidad de los sismogramas es debido a fuentes complejas y no a complejidad estructural del medio. Los espectros calculados se interpretaron en términos del modelo de Brune para calcular el momento sísmico, las caídas de esfuerzo y las dimensiones de la fuente. Las frecuencias de esquina observadas están entre 0.7 y 8 Hz, y las caídas de esfuerzo entre 6 y alrededor de 400 bars.Las amplitudes de las ondas superficiales observadas en estaciones lejanas fueron utilizadas para hacer una segunda determinación del momento sísmico. Se encontró que los momentos calculados de este modo son de 2 a 6 veces mayores que los calculados del espectro del desplazamiento.
Morphostructural analysis of Oaxaca, México. Aplied to seismic studies
Authors: Sumin De Portilla V. , Ponce L. , Mcnally K. , Kochneva N. T. , Rodríguez López S.
Published: May 2021

Para investigar la relación entre la sismicidad y la estructura tectónica de la región de Oaxaca, en eI sur de México, se usó el análisis morfoestructural: este se basa en la determinación de los elementos tectónico-estructurales por medio del estudio de las formas y características de relieve. Para determinar las características tectónicas de esta región se utilizaron mapas topográficos, mapas geológicos a la escala de 1:1 ,000,000 y otros datos geológicos disponibles. Los elementos estructurales principales incluyen domos, bloques tectónicos y lineamientos de diferentes magnitudes. Además se infieren el desarrollo y las relaciones entre estos elementos estructurales. Se diferencian formas activas, inactivas y reactivadas. Se sugiere una correspondencia entre actividad sísmica y las estructuras tectónicas encontradas para esta región de acuerdo al análisis morfoestructural; se sugiere, además, que los epicentros, de los temblores fuertes podrían estar localizados, dentro de la confiabilidad de su determinación , en la intersección de las fallas activas de dirección N65° ± 5°w con las importantes fallas reactivadas de direcciones N-S y E-W. La actividad sísmica precursora y de réplicas asociadas al temblor de 29 de noviembre de 1978 (Ms = 7.8) muestran una buena correlación con los detalles de·la estructura tectónica de Oaxaca.La actividad sísmica precursora esta probablemente relacionada a la primera estructura de dirección N65° ± .5°W ,·.en el continente, después de la trinchera mesoamericana; las réplicas están presumiblemente asociadas a las estructuras continentales con direcciones N-S y E-W, las que reflejarían acomodamientos de bloques a raíz de los desplazamientos típicos de subducción generados por el temblor principal.
Telluric, self-potential, and surface temperature profiles on los humeros caldera
Authors: Alvarez Román
Published: May 2021

Se hicieron levantamientos geofísicos en dos líneas (16.5 y 17 Km) de la caldera de Los Humeros, la cual se encuentra situada en la parte centro-0riental de México, con el propósito de delinear preliminarmente áreas de interés geotérmico. El método telúrico de cociente de campo eléctrico E, que consiste en dipolos colineales y medidas a frecuencias .05 y 8 Hz, se us0 como método de reconocimiento para tener. una idea de los cambios relativos en. conductividad eléctrica a través de la caldera; se hicieron asimismo mediciones de autopotencial y temperatura superficial a lo largo de dichas líneas. Las respuestas telúricas sugieren marcados contrastes de conductividad en la parte occidental de ambas líneas y en ambas frecuencias; además, la línea más al norte parece. definir con gran exactitud la porción colapsada (que esta cubierta de piroclásticos) de la caldera a lo largo del perfil. Los datos telúricos y gravimétricos coinciden muy bien en delinear los rasgos estructurales más importantes de la caldera. El autopotencial muestra que el borde occidental de la caldera esta aproximadamente 8.00 mV más alto que el potencial del borde oriental. Las temperaturas superficiales (i.e., 0.5 a] m de profundidad) en la parte occidental de la caldera están de 3° a 6°C más elevadas que las temperaturas en el lado oriental. Con base en estas evidencias proponemos que el flanco occidental de la caldera es un blanco primario de exploración para prop0sitos geotérmicos.
Detecting chronic kidney disease in diabetic adults by estimating glomerular filtration rate and Serum Creatinine
Authors: Almaawi Ahmed Kh. Mohammed
Published: May 2021

Objective: To assess CKD prevalence and risk factors including socio-demography among diabetics by estimating GFR rather than serum creatinine (sCr).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dec. 15 2019 through Aug. 15 2020, among 800 diabetics attending tertiary diabetes centers, Baghdad. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. SPSS was used for data analysis by (mean, standard deviation and T-test) for quantitative variables and (frequency, percentage, Chi-square test and Kappa index) for qualitative variables. P-Value less than 0.05 was considered significant. 

Results: 800 diabetics for last 5-40 years, 95.6% with type2. Aged 52.1Â±13.2 years, with male: female ratio 1.03:1, 63.6% were with no income, sCr level was 0.86Â±0.3 mg/dl, and eGFR by Cockcroft Gault (CG) and CKD-EPI equations was 100.4Â±36.5 & 92.2Â±25.5 ml/min/1.73m2 respectively. CKD prevalence based on sCr, and eGFR assessed by above equations was 13.3%, 20% and 15.9% respectively (p<0.001). Those with CKD were hypertensive, females, and living in peripheries.

Conclusions: Diabetic patients, mainly those with risk factors are more likely to develop CKD. It is better to detect CKD intially by estimating the GFR, rather than serum creatinine level alone. Furthermore, using CKD-EPI equation might be better than the CG formula to estimate the GFR.
Biometrics Characters, Length-Weight Relationships and Genetic Properties of Damselfish, Chromis chromis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Osteichthyes: Pomacentridae) from the Black Sea
Authors: Aydın Mehmet , Öztürk Rafet Çağrı
Published: May 2021

The damselfish Chromis chromis is typically the most common fish species in the rocky shores of the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. Despite having no commercial value, C. chromis was considered as a key species for the rocky littoral environment. In this study, the biometric properties and length-weight relationships were examined in 112 specimens of C. chromis sampled from the Black Sea in 2018. Fifteen morphometric and six meristic characteristics were measured. We also used a molecular approach employing mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA and COI) for the first time to further characterize C. chromis specimens collected from the Black Sea. Morphometric and meristic characters of male and female specimens were similar and there were no differences between sexes. The average length and weight were calculated as 99.54 + 11.49 mm (72.0-115.1) and 18.35 + 5.95 g (5.96-26.56), respectively. The length-weight relationship was calculated as W = 0.0127TL3.117 (R2 = 0.834) and the growth indicates a positive allometric growth (b>3). 16S rRNA and COI partial sequences analysis indicated a close genetic relationship with C. chromis specimens from the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.
Effect on growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles Fed Fermented Mango Seed Kernel Diet at Different Inclusion Level
Authors: Falaye Augustine , Sule Shakiru Okanlawon , Kourouma Mamady
Published: May 2021

The main objective of this research was in the utilization of agro-wastes from fruit processing and consumption. This waste has resulted to environmental nuisance and the need for incorporation into aquaculture feed as energy source is inevitable. The utilization of waste from fruit processing can be used to reduce the cost of feed production. This research utilized fermented Mango Seed Kernel Meal (MSKM) as a replacement for maize in the diets of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. A 40% isonitrogenous diet was formulated ât inclusion levels of T1 (0%), T2 (25%), T3 (50%), T4 (75%), and T5 (100%) MSKM and fed at 3% body weight. One hundred and fifty (150) Clarias geriepinus juveniles average, the weight of 10.00g±0.14 were randomly allocated to Treatments in plastic tanks (49x33.5x33.5cm) at 10 fish per treatment/tank in triplicate. Mean Weight Gain (MWG) was highest in T1 (756.37±13.61g) and significantly differs (P<0.05) from other treatments. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was highest in T4 (1.46±0.18g) and lowest in T1 (0.99±0.01g). Specific Growth Rate (SGR) was significantly different in T4 when compared to other treatments. Feed intake and feed cost decreased with the inclusion level of MSKM while net profit was not significantly different (P>0.05) in T1 and T3. Profit index and net profit were significantly compared in T2, T3, and T5. The diet showed no implication on fish survival. In conclusion, the growth performance of Catfish could be improved by substituting MSKM at 50% level without implication on cultured fish.
Sücüllü Baraj Gölü’nün (Isparta) Alabalık Yetiştiriciliği İçin Taşıma Kapasitesinin Tahmini
Authors: Aslantürk Ayça , Çetinkaya Osman
Published: May 2021

Isparta ili Yalvaç ilçesi sınırları içinde Eğirdir Gölü Havzası’nda yer alan Sücüllü Baraj Gölü (SBG) sulama ve taşkın kontrolü amacıyla 1973 yılında inşa edilmiştir. Bu çalışmayla SBG’nün kafes balıkçılığı taşıma kapasitesinin tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma Mayıs 2017- Nisan 2018 arasında SBG’ne dökülen iki derede ve baraj gölünde seçilen toplam 9 örnekleme noktasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada SBG’nün ortalama derinliği 7,77 m; uzunluğu 3000 m; genişliği 275 m kıyı çizgisi uzunluğu 6000 m ve kıyı çizgisi gelişimi (DL) 1,86 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmada ortofosfat fosforu 7,9±3,17 mg/m3 ve toplam fosfor 41,14±21,5 mg/m3 olarak belirlenmiştir. SBG’nün gökkuşağı alabalığı için kafes balıkçılığı taşıma kapasitesi Dillon-Rigler yöntemine göre minimum su kotunda (26,28 ha alan ve 0,57 hm3 hacim) 0,4 ton/yıl ve mevcut su kotunda (82,32 ha alan ve 6,4 hm3 hacim); 18,94 ton/yıl hesaplanmıştır. Bu iki değerin ortalaması olarak SBG’nün kafes balıkçılığı taşıma kapasitesi 9,67 ton/yıl bulunmuştur. SBG gibi su seviyesi değişimlerinin yüksek olduğu baraj göllerinde kafes balıkçılığı taşıma kapasitesinin hesaplamalarında sadece mevcut su kotundaki verilerin değil, minimum su kotundaki alan ve hacim verilerinin dikkate alınmasının daha uygun olacağı kanısına varılmıştır. Ayrıca, son yıllarda kafeslerde ulaşılan balık üretim değerlerinin, tahmin edilen taşıma kapasitesine göre daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
İzmir (Özbek-Urla) Kıyılarında Yassı İstiridye (Ostrea edulis L. 1758) Büyütme Çalışması
Authors: Kırtık Ali , Yiğitkurt Selçuk , Kurtay Evrim , Küçükdermenci Aysun , Lök Aynur
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada Özbek-Urla (İzmir)’de dağılım gösteren Avrupa istiridyesinin (Ostrea edulis L. 1758) büyüme ve yaşama oranlarını belirlemek amacıyla büyütme sistemlerine yerleştirilmiş spatlar incelenmiştir. Yıl boyunca su parametrelerinden sıcaklık, tuzluluk, toplam partikül madde (TPM) (partikül organik-POM ve partikül inorganik-PIM) ve klorofil-a değerleri kaydedilmiştir. Toplam partikül madde en yüksek haziran ayında 34,62 mg/l bulunmuştur. Haziran ayında partikül madde içerisindeki inorganik madde oranı %77,61, organik madde oranı ise %22,39 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Büyütme sistemlerine alınan istiridye yavruları boy ortalamaları çalışmanın başlangıcında 26,39±4,00 mm’den çalışmanın sonunda 60,84 ±10,71 mm’ye ulaşmıştır. İstiridyelerin yaşama oranı % 61,9 olarak bulunmuştur. Yaşama oranı ile Sıcaklık ve PİM arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyon (sırasıyla r2=-0,654, r2=-0,644) bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Elde edilen yaşama ve büyüme oranı sonuçları, bu bölgenin Ostrea edulis yetiştiriciliği için uygun olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Registers of Disinhibition: Transferred Autonomy and Generative Systems in Artistic Research
Authors: Matthias M Sildnik S
Published: May 2021

This exposition is a presentation of an artistic method that incorporates generative technologies in artistic intervention. The autonomy of the generative system is analysed not as an isolated capability of a technical object but as a specific configuration between the autonomous operations of the system’s creator, the system itself, and the individuals related to the system. The notion of transferred autonomy is proposed to emphasise this interrelated nature of an entity’s autonomy. In this way, a generative system is positioned in a broader socio-economic and cultural context. To make this interpretation productive in relation to artistic practice, interventionist tactics need to be reconsidered as well. The presented method uses an opinion poll format. The opinion poll is interpreted as a basis for collective individuation enabled by generative processes. The conventional opinion poll format is deformed and reconstructed according to an assemblage of enunciation, enunciative recursion, disinhibition, and individuation. Rather than being a scientific, generalising and analytic method, it becomes an artistic generative, interventionist medium.
Two related projects are presented: ‘Happy Space’ (2016) and ‘Midscape’ (2018). Each describes the specific way in which generative art techniques are adopted and developed. The former presents a case study based on a survey of working and living conditions, hybridising an opinion poll with a procedural genesis of three-dimensional environments. The latter explores the levels on which generative technologies can facilitate the dynamics of structures conceived in the previous project. These dynamics are encapsulated in installation elements, opening a dialogue between physical and social dimensions.
∂ Topological Landscapes
Authors: András Blazsek
Published: May 2021

∂ Topological Landscapes (2015–ongoing) is a multisensory environment that comprises three projects, all based on research into the controversial healing instruments designed by Southern California inventor Royal Raymond Rife (Nebraska, 1888–California, 1971). Rife’s early twentieth-century scientific work involved light microscopy, frequency theory, and the concept of pleomorphism, which he applied to study formal differentiation in viral cells. One of Rife’s aims was to develop methods and mechanisms that would allow him to use frequencies to kill viruses.
∂ (curly d) is the symbol for ‘boundary’ in general topology. In this research, it is employed as a mathematical symbol that links the study of shifting material surfaces with an inquiry into the fluctuating borders between art and science. It posits that abandoned possibilities in scientific error and failed experiments may harbour other futures.
In its three projects, ∂ Topological Landscapes works with different technologies of reproduction using 3D animation, 3D printed sculpture, sonification, and prototype-making to explore findings from various attempts to replicate Rife’s instruments. The necessary information for creating these replications was gathered from the object archive of the Science Museum of London and from the two former sites of the inventor’s research: the Scripps Institute of Oceanography in La Jolla, San Diego, and the Linda Vista Hospital in Los Angeles.
Absurd Sounds
Authors: Yann Coppier
Published: May 2021

Absurd (derived from surdus, or deaf, in Latin): that which cannot be heard or is contradictory to reason.

This artistic research project questions the ways we work with sound, using a methodology derived from the absurd as a tool for innovation.

The scientific roots of sound as a physical phenomenon are rarely disputed, whether by sound artists, sound designers, sound technicians, or even composers. Yet this trust in the knowledge built by acousticians, so complex and yet so simple as it mostly limits the characteristics of sound to amplitude, pitch, timbre, and envelope, might lead to an incapacity to look any other way. Have we missed, as artists, the opportunity to question the underlying axioms beneath the science of sound?

This research uses a method based on the rejection — or, better, a questioning — of established rules and ideas (e.g., ‘what if silence were a building tool with which we carved music and sounds into blocks of noise?’), followed by a series of logical developments until some new technique, idea, or even form of art emerges. Such a method somehow adopts the principles behind conspiracy theories and applies them to art: absurd premises followed by logical developments.

The present exposition develops a set of three case studies built between 2017 and 2020, each one answering its own absurd question: the harvesting of rare sounds made by worms (what if silence were louder than noise?); an experiment carried out on humans, by loudspeakers sitting as members of the audience (what if there were no ‘sweet spot’?); and an attempt to blur the lines between the real and the virtual, while developing new ways to document sound art (what if there were no (virtual) reality?).

Cover photo for the exposition 'Absurd Sounds' by Anders Sune Berg, 2017.
Pericardioesophageal Fistula
Authors: Mohamed Amr
Published: May 2021

Chest pain immediately after atrial fibrillation ablation is seen
essentially with every case, and we counsel the patients that it is
expected. On the other hand, delayed chest pain is not always expected
and usually points towards a procedure complication, as shown in this
case.
Telomere length is highly repeatable and declines with more elaborate sexual ornamentation in a short-lived passerine
Authors: Kauzálová Tereza , Tomášek Oldřich , Mulder Ellis , Verhulst Simon , Albrecht Tomas
Published: May 2021

Quantifying an individual’s state as fitness proxy has proven
challenging, but accumulating evidence suggests that telomere length and
attrition may indicate individual somatic state and success at
self-maintenance, respectively. Sexual ornamentation is also thought to
signal phenotypic quality, but links between telomeres and sexual
ornamentation have been little explored. To address this issue, we
examined whether telomere length and dynamics are predicted by the
expression of a sexually selected ornament, the length of outermost tail
feathers (streamers), using longitudinal data from a population of
European barn swallows (Hirundo rustica). We further assessed
associations of telomere length with age, sex, breeding status and
survival. Telomere length showed high individual repeatability (R =
0.97) across years while shortening with age in both sexes. Telomere
length and dynamics were not significantly associated with survival to
the next year, remaining lifespan or reproduction status (comparing
breeding and non-breeding yearlings). Tail streamer length was
negatively associated with telomere length, independent of sex. Thus,
telomere length may reflect the costs of carrying an elaborated sexual
ornament, although ornament size did not significantly predict telomere
shortening. In conclusion, telomere length in adult barn swallows is a
highly consistent trait and shows a negative relationship with sexual
ornamentation, suggesting a trade-off between sexual ornamentation and
telomere length.
Telomere dynamics in the first year of life, but not later in life, predict lifespan in a wild bird
Authors: Sheldon Elizabeth , Eastwood Justin , Teunissen Niki , Roast Michael , Fan Marie , Hall Michelle , Aranzamendi Nataly Hidalgo , Kingma Sjouke , Verhulst Simon , Peters Anne
Published: May 2021

Telomeres are protective, nucleoprotein structures at the end of
chromosomes that have been associated with lifespan across taxa.
However, the extent to which these associations can be attributed to
absolute length versus the rate of telomere shortening prior to sampling
remains unresolved. In a longitudinal study, we examined the
relationship between lifespan, telomere length and the rate of telomere
shortening in wild, purple-crowned fairy-wrens (Malurus coronatus
coronatus). To this end, we measured telomere length using qPCR in the
blood of 59 individuals sampled as nestling and 4-14 months thereafter,
and in 150 individuals sampled on average three times across adulthood.
We applied within-subject centering analyses to simultaneously test for
associations between lifespan and average telomere length and telomere
shortening. We reveal that the rate of telomere shortening in the first
year of life predicted lifespan, with individuals with faster shortening
rates living less long. We also report a trend for an effect of telomere
length in the first year of life on lifespan, independent of telomere
shortening. In contrast, in adulthood neither telomere shortening, nor
telomere length predicted lifespan, despite a considerably larger data
set. Our results suggest that telomere length measured very early in
life (during development) and longitudinal assessments of telomere
shortening during the first year of life constitute more useful
biomarkers of total life expectancy than either telomere length measured
after development, or telomere shortening later in adulthood.
Frequency and severity of irritable bowel syndrome in cigarette smokers
Authors: Başpınar Melike Mercan , Basat Okcan
Published: May 2021

Background: Cigarette smoking has recently been associated with several
gastrointestinal symptoms, and smoking cessation has been recommended as
a life style change strategy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This
study assessed the prevalence of IBS in cigarette smokers based on the
Rome IV criteria, the severity of nicotine dependence, and the effect of
smoking cessation in IBS(+) smokers. Method: This prospective study
included 371 smokers who attended for smoking cessation treatment at
family medicine clinics in a tertiary hospital between January and April
2019. Data on demographic characteristics, IBS status according to the
Rome IV criteria, and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)
scores were collected during face-to-face interviews. Results: The mean
patient age was 40.7 ± 11.96 years, 29.4% were heavy smokers, and
18.1% had IBS. There was no relationship between the presence of IBS
and the nicotine dependence level; however, there was a significant
difference in age (P=0.03), duration of smoking (P=0.05), FTND score
(P=0.02), and sex (P<0.001) between those with and without
IBS. Logistic regression analyses identified female sex to be a
predictor of IBS in smokers (adjusted odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence
interval 1.18–2.69; P=0.006). At the one-year follow-up, IBS(+) smokers
who had quit smoking showed a decrease in gastrointestinal symptoms
(P=0.035). Conclusions: There was no association between severity of
nicotine dependence and IBS, although the FTND score was higher in
IBS(+) smokers than in IBS(-) smokers. Smoking cessation ameliorated
gastrointestinal symptoms but had no effect on IBS status. Key words:
irritable bowel syndrome, nicotine dependence, Rome IV criteria, smoking
Horizontal ridging with mulching as the best tillage practice to reduce surface runoff and erosion in a Mollisol hillslope at the maize seedling stage
Authors: Wang Yucheng , Guo Dayong , Shi Wuliang , Li Bin , Cui Jinhu , Cao Ning , Zhang Yubin
Published: May 2021

Soil erosion features and ideal tillage practices are not very clear at
the crop seedling stage in Chinese Mollisols. Simulated rainfall
experiments were conducted at the rainfall intensities of 50 and 100 mm
h-1 to investigate the differences in soil erosion of a 5° hillslope
during the maize seedling stage between conservation and conventional
tillage measures, including cornstalk mulching (Cm), horizontal ridging
(Hr), horizontal ridging + mulching (Hr+Cm), vertical ridging + mulching
(Vr+Cm), flat-tillage (CK), and vertical ridging (Vr). The results
demonstrated that crops could remit soil erosion at the seedling stage
by reducing the kinetic energy and changing the distribution of
raindrops. The conservation tillage measures significantly alleviated
total runoff (11.7%–100%) and sediment yield (71.1%–100%),
postponed runoff-yielding time (85 s–26.1 min), decreased runoff
velocity (71.5%–96.7%), and reduced runoff and soil loss rate,
compared to the conventional tillage measures. Practices with mulching
showed better performance than Hr. Mulching reduced sediment
concentration by decreasing runoff velocity and soil particle filtration
in a manner similar to buffer strips. The contour ridge ruptured earlier
at 100 mm h-1 than at 50 mm h-1 and changed the characteristics of the
soil erosion by providing a larger sediment source to the surface flow.
Runoff strength, rather than soil erodibility, was the key factor
affecting soil erosion. Decreasing runoff velocity was more important
than controlling runoff amount. The Hr + Cm treatment exhibited the
lowest soil erosion and is, thus, recommended at the corn seedling
stage.
Intra-specific differences in metabolic rates shape carbon stable isotope trophic discrimination factors of muscle tissue in the common teleost Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)
Authors: Scharnweber Kristin , Andersson Matilda , Chaguaceda Fernando , Eklöv Peter
Published: May 2021

1. Stable isotopes represent a unique approach to provide insights into
the ecology of organisms. δ13C and δ15N have specifically be used to
obtain information on the trophic ecology and food web interactions.
Trophic discrimination factors (TDF, Δ13C and Δ15N) describe the
isotopic fractionation occurring from diet to consumer tissue and these
factors are critical for obtaining precise estimates within any
application of δ13C and δ15N values. It is widely acknowledged that
metabolism influences TDF, being responsible for different TDF between
tissues of variable metabolic activity (e.g. liver vs. muscle tissue) or
species body size (small vs. large). However, the connection between the
variation of metabolism occurring within a single species during its
ontogeny and TDF has rarely been considered. 2. Here, we conducted a
9-month feeding experiment to report Δ13C and Δ15N of muscle and liver
tissue for several weight classes of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis),
a widespread teleost often studied using stable isotopes, but without
established TDF for feeding on a natural diet. In addition, we assessed
the relationship between the standard metabolic rate (SMR) and TDF by
measuring their oxygen consumption of the individuals. 3. Our results
showed a significant negative relationship of SMR with Δ13C, and a
significant positive relationship of SMR with Δ15N of muscle tissue, but
not with TDF of liver tissue. SMR varies inversely with size, which
translated into a significantly different TDF of muscle tissue between
size classes. 4. In summary, our results emphasize the role of
metabolism in shaping specific TDF (i.e. Δ13C and Δ15N of muscle
tissue), and especially highlight the substantial differences between
individuals of different ontogenetic stages within a species. Our
findings thus have direct implications for the use of stable isotope
data and the applications of stable isotopes in food web studies.
Impingement, coalescence and mixing of micro-droplets on a solid surface
Authors: Yi Guina , Cai Ziqi , Gao Zhengming , Derksen Jos
Published: May 2021

The coalescence of an impinging droplet colliding with a sessile droplet
at an angle(θi) is investigated by numerical simulation. The range of θi
is 0° - 60° and the surface wettability are set as hydrophilic or
hydrophobic, and both of them can affect the droplet mergence behavior.
By using a modified mixing function, the dimensionless total mixing time
τm can be calculated. The results show that there is no clear effect of
θi on τm on a hydrophobic surface, while τm increases as θi increases on
the hydrophilic surface. With the Weber number(We) ranging from 5.65 to
22.7 and the Ohnesorge number(Oh) ranging from 0.136 to 0.214, we find
τm hardly changes with We and Oh. By dividing the mergence and mixing
process in a convection and a diffusion stage, we find that the
diffusion is much larger than the convection time.
Comprehensive evaluation for the one-pot biosynthesis of butyl-acetate by using microbial mono and co-cultures
Authors: Lv Yang , Jiang Yujia , Lu Jiasheng , Gao Hao , Dong Weiliang , Zhou Jie , Zhang Wenming , Xin Fengxue , Jiang Min
Published: May 2021

Butyl acetate has shown wide attention in food, cosmetics, medicine and
biofuel sectors. These short chain fatty acid esters can be produced by
either chemical or biological synthetic process with corresponding
alcohols and acids. Currently, biosynthesis of short chain fatty acid
esters, such as butyl butyrate through microbial fermentation systems
has been achieved; however, few studies regarding biosynthesis of butyl
acetate were reported. In this study, three proof-of-principle
strategies for the one-pot butyl acetate production from glucose by
microbial fermentation was designed and evaluated. (1) 7.3 g/L of butyl
acetate was synthesized by butanol producing Clostridium acetobutylicum
NJ4 with the supplementation of exogenous acetic acid; (2) With the
addition of butanol, 5.76 g/L of butyl acetate can be synthesized by
acetate producing Actinobacillus succinogenes130z (ΔpflA) with the
supplementation of exogenous butanol; (3) Microbial co-culture of C.
acetobutylicum NJ4 and A. succinogenes130z (ΔpflA) can directly produce
2.2 g/L of butyl acetate from glucose, representing the first study in
terms of butyl acetate production by using microbial co-culture system.
Through the immobilization of A. succinogenes130z (ΔpflA), butyl acetate
production was further improved to 2.86 g/L. These strategies may be
extended to the biosynthesis of a wide range of esters, especially to
some longer chain ones.
Development of Business-Related Competences in a Case Study-based Professional English Course in Business Administration Studies
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Sinkus Tatjana
Published: May 2021

A professional English course in business administration studies at the university should lay emphasis on the specific demands and interests of students studying in this programme and requirements of English language knowledge imposed by the business domain. Development of business-related competences in the professional English course is essential for future entrepreneurs who will use English in multiple business contexts to run a successful and competitive business. The aim of the study was to develop and to approbate such business-related competences as business management and personal management in a professional English course in business administration studies. The author of the article emphasizes the idea that the development of business-related competences can be enhanced if the case study method is applied. The results of the study were obtained in a pedagogical experiment involving business administration students in case study modules within a professional English course. Participating in the professional English case study-based course the students developed business related competences comprising business management and personal management and the article describes the process of these competences’ practical acquisition.
Self-reflection of University Teachers at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
Authors:   Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Tomsikova Katerina , Tomsik Karel ,   Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Smékalová Lucie ,   Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Nemejc Karel ,   Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
Published: May 2021

The aim of the paper is to evaluate teachers´ competences and their self-reflection in the teaching process. The topicality of the research presented in the paper is given by the fact that teachers at university level must prove excellent competences regardless external factors which affect the teaching process any time. Competence is the key qualified and professional job performance in any sector. The paper focuses on the competences of university teachers which they acquire and develop throughout their career. Attention is given to professionally and personality cultivating competences, part of which is also self-reflection. Self-reflection refers to a person’s ability of introspection and willingness to learn more about own abilities and skills. This will lead to a better ability to identify changes that may be required. The methodology consists in a research based on a questionnaire survey and statistical evaluation of gathered information. The paper gives an outline of the evaluation process at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), during which opinions of students and teachers about instruction were analysed, together with the fulfilment of selected university competences. The main body of the paper is dedicated to the statistical processing of selected data from the evaluation survey conducted by using the SPSS programme. The results indicate that there are significant deviations of teachers´ self-evaluation from the students´ opinion. The Institute of Education and Communication is going to offer courses in advanced competence development using techniques of self-reflection. This has a potential to enhance effectiveness of the teaching process at university level.
Anesthesia for Airway Endoscopy and Micro-Laryngeal Surgery
Authors: Modest Vicki E. , Alfille Paul H.
Published: May 2021

Pre- and intra-operative anesthetic management considerations for airway endoscopy and micro-laryngeal surgery are covered in this chapter. Often presenting with critically obstructed or otherwise compromised airways, a carefully devised induction and airway control plan is essential. Unique to this type of surgery is the shared surgical field, requiring the utmost level of communication and cooperation between the surgical and anesthesia teams. Included is a discussion of ventilation options, routine and otherwise, and associated airway instrumentation such as jet ventilation catheters. Challenges of patient management during suspension laryngoscopy, are presented. Also addressed are laser basics, specific anesthetic considerations including risks and potential harms in the setting of these high-risk for fire procedures.
This review contains 5 figures, 2 tables, and 40 references.
Keywords: airway endoscopy, micro-laryngeal surgery, anesthetic considerations, obstructed airway, preoperative evaluation, airway intubation, laryngeal microsurgery, fire, OR
Effect of Quality Improvement Approaches on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Services Coverage in Nairobi County
Authors: Malava Duece N. , Muriithi Peterson , Barasa Chrisostim
Published: May 2021

Background: Improving the quality of healthcare is a growing international concern as it ensures that the healthcare system functions efficiently. Quality improvement in the HIV field focuses on achieving essential health outcomes, including patient retention, increasing viral load suppression, and improving overall health outcomes of people living with HIV. Quality Improvement (QI) approaches form part of the global strategies recommended by WHO to improve prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) coverage and to achieve virtual elimination of mother to child transmission (MTCT). Nairobi County is implementing QI approaches using the Kenya Quality Model for Health (KQMH) framework. The implementation of QI began in January 2016, and since then, the facilities have formed work improvement teams (WITs) that work to improve the quality in the facilities. Study objective: This study sought to evaluate the effect of quality improvement approaches on PMTCT coverage in Nairobi County. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study applied a mixed-method research methodology. Purposive sampling determined the four study facilities. The participants were women attending the PMTCT clinic at the selected facilities, identified through a purposive sampling process. DHIS reports and facility registers provided the necessary quantitative data, while Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key informant interviews (KIIs) provided qualitative data. Quantitative data showing service delivery uptake over time provided a trend on the performance of the key indicators under study. This data analysed using an interrupted time series approach as well as by using descriptive statistics showed trends over time. Qualitative data assessed clients’ experiences while accessing PMTCT services, providing key insights from the clients’ perspective. The researcher used content analysis to analyse this data. Results: The study found out that quality improvement is an integral part of PMTCT service delivery. Through the FGDs, the PMTCT services provided generally satisfy the clients’ needs, and that the clients have a significant role in quality improvement. The HCWs can implement QI approaches as long as they have the facility management's support and leadership. Conclusion: The study found out that quality improvement in PMTCT relies heavily on the systems being in place and on teamwork between the HCWs and clients as they access treatment services at the health facilities.