bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome affects fitness parameters in poorly performing Standardbred racehorses
Authors: Lo Feudo Chiara Maria , Stucchi Luca , Conturba Bianca , Stancari Giovanni , Zucca Enrica , Ferrucci Francesco
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is a highly prevalent disorder in horses, which can be classified, based on the localization of the lesions, as Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) or Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD). Although EGUS is recognized as a common cause of poor performance in racehorses, objective investigations about its relation with athletic capacity are lacking. Therefore, the present retrospective study aims to evaluate the associations between EGUS severity and some fitness parameters measured during an incremental treadmill test in Standardbred racehorses in training.

Methods

With this aim, data from 87 Standard bred racehorses which underwent a complete diagnostic evaluation for poor performance was reviewed. During gastroscopic examination, a 0-4 score was assigned to ESGD, while EGGD was evaluated for absence/presence; a total EGUS score was obtained by adding 1 point to ESGD score in horses showing concomitant EGGD. Fitness parameters obtained during incremental treadmill test included speed at a heart rate of 200 bpm (V200), speed and heart rate at a blood lactate of 4 mmol/L (VLa4, HRLa4), peak lactate, lactate and heart rate at 30 minutes post-exercise, maximum speed, minimum pH and maximum hematocrit. The associations between fitness parameters and EGUS and ESGD scores were evaluated by Spearman correlation, while Mann-Whitney test was used to compare them between horses with or without EGGD. Statistical significance was set atp<0.05.

Results

EGUS grade was inversely correlated with V200 (p= 0.0025) and minimum pH (p= 0.0469); ESGD grade was inversely correlated with V200 (p= 0.0025) and VLa4 (p= 0.0363). Although a trend was observed, no significant differences in V200 were observed between horses with or without EGGD (p= 0.073); horses with EGGD reached a lower minimum pH (p= 0.0087).

Discussion

These results show a negative association between aerobic capacity and EGUS, in particular ESGD. Although different hypotheses have been proposed, including abdominal pain and decreased appetite due to lactate accumulation, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown, and it is not clear whether EGUS represents a cause or a consequence of an early lactate accumulation and post-exercise acidosis.
Personality Traits and Business Environment for Entrepreneurial Motivation
Authors: Zarnadze Giorgi , Dika Ines , Çera Gentjan , Ribeiro Humberto Nuno Rito
Published: November 2022

The influences of personality traits and business barriers on entrepreneurial behaviour have been studied by numerous researchers. However, the mechanisms by which changes in institutional contexts and personality traits affect individuals’ entrepreneurial motivation have not received enough attention from researchers. This paper aims to fill this gap in the literature by examining the joint effects of personality traits and business barriers on one’s motivation to engage in entrepreneurial activity. A structured questionnaire was developed to capture the above linkages. To measure the latent variables, factor and reliability analyses were utilised. To examine the relationships, a regression analysis was performed on a unique dataset of respondents from three counties: Czechia, Hungary, and Serbia. The results show that personality traits positively influence motivation towards entrepreneurship. Furthermore, external barriers (ecological and technological issues), and infrastructure factors positively affect entrepreneurial motivation. From an academic viewpoint, personality traits and motivation to engage in entrepreneurial activity can be nourished by education, highlighting the role of universities in this regard. Our paper’s findings should trigger the interest of policymakers who aim to introduce new instruments or change the existing ones (designing policies) to boost entrepreneurship.
Cryopreservation of Semen in Domestic Animals: A Review of Current Challenges, Applications, and Prospective Strategies
Authors: Sharafi Mohsen , Borghei-Rad Seyyed Mohsen , Hezavehei Maryam , Shahverdi Abdolhossein , Benson James D.
Published: November 2022

Cryopreservation is a way to preserve germplasm with applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and conservation of endangered animals. Cryopreservation has been available for over a century, yet, using current methods, only around 50% of spermatozoa retain their viability after cryopreservation. This loss is associated with damage to different sperm components including the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs. To mitigate this damage, conventional strategies use chemical additives that include classical cryoprotectants such as glycerol, as well as antioxidants, fatty acids, sugars, amino acids, and membrane stabilizers. However, clearly current protocols do not prevent all damage. This may be due to the imperfect function of antioxidants and the probable conversion of media components to more toxic forms during cryopreservation.
Evaluation of an Innovative Zn Source on Feed Efficiency, Growth Performance, Skin and Bone Quality of Broilers Suffering Heat Stress
Authors: Zaghari Mojtaba , Mehrvarz Hossein , Hajati Hosna , Moravej Hossein
Published: November 2022

One thousand two hundred male broilers were used to evaluate the effect of different dosages of HiZox® on feed efficiency, growth performance and bone quality of broilers suffering from heat stress. A completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and ten replicates. Basal corn–soybean meal diets supplemented with 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg zinc from HiZox and 100 mg/kg zinc from regular ZnO were used to make four treatments. Heat stress was induced after the third week by keeping house temperature between 28–34 °C, from 1 pm until 5 pm. The body weights of the birds that received the diet supplemented with HiZox or ZnO showed no significant difference at 7 and 14 days. Body weight of heat stressed birds fed diets containing different levels of HiZox or ZnO were not different at 28 and 42 days of age. In comparison to the Ross 308 management guide, induced heat stress diminished body weight and feed intake by approximately 17 and 21%, respectively. At 28 days, chickens who received 125 mg/kg Zn from Hizox had better feed efficiency (p < 0.05). The mortality rate of heat-stressed male broiler chickens who received different dosages of HiZox was 2.85% less than that of the regular ZnO group (p < 0.06). The results showed that addition of HiZox to the diet of male broiler under heat stress doubled the skin resistance during feather plucking in the slaughter plant and improved carcass quality (p < 0.07). Tibia breaking strength, included elongation and extension were improved by consumption of a diet supplemented with 75 mg HiZox/kg (p < 0.09). The HiZox-75 fed broilers required higher amounts of energy (MJ) for tibia breaking at break and peak points at 42 days (p < 0.09; p < 0.07). Jejunum Zn concentrations reflected the quantity of ingested Zn (p < 0.0001). Gizzard Zn solubility was dependent on dietary treatment (p < 0.03). Solubility of Zn in the gizzard of chickens who received HiZox was higher (about 30%) than broilers fed regular ZnO. In conclusion, Zn from HiZox was more efficient in decreasing heat stress mortality, increasing skin resistance and bone breaking strength compared to a regular ZnO source.
Effects of Swimming Pool Conditions and Floor Types on White Roman Geese’s Physical Condition Scores and Behaviors in an Indoor Rearing System
Authors: Liao Shih-Chieh , Lyu Pei-Xuan , Shen Shih-Yi , Hsiao Chih-Chang , Lien Ching-Yi , Wang Sheng-Der , Lin Tsung-Yi , Tu Po-An
Published: November 2022

Biosecurity problems, including the continual risk of avian influenza spread by wild birds, have severely affected traditional free-range waterfowl production systems. Regulations and techniques for indoor goose production require more considerations for animal welfare. This study investigated the effects of swimming pool conditions and different floor types on the physical condition scores and behaviors of indoor-reared White Roman geese. A total of 48 male and 48 female White Roman geese reared from the age of 15 to 84 days were randomly allocated to pens with or without a swimming pool and with either mud or perforated plastic floors. Providing a swimming pool improved geese’s eye and feather cleanliness and breast blister scores at the age of 84 days. Compared with geese reared on a mud floor, those reared on a perforated plastic floor had better feather cleanliness and higher breast blister scores at the age of 56 and 84 days. Providing a swimming pool to indoor-reared geese may reduce the proportion of abnormal behaviors, such as injurious feather pecking, by increasing water-related behaviors. This study suggests a more appropriate environment design for better balancing commercial goose production with animal welfare in an indoor rearing system.
An Investigation into the Effects of Changing Dorso-Plantar Hoof Balance on Equine Hind Limb Posture
Authors: Sharp Yogi , Tabor Gillian
Published: November 2022

Links between poor hind hoof balance, pathologies in the hind limb and associated altered posture have been suggested but not quantified. The hoof is proposed as a neuro-sensory organ responsible for informing equine stance with implications for musculoskeletal health in the hind limb and trunk of the horse. This study aims to quantify equine limb posture and its relationship with hoof balance. Twelve horses presenting with negative plantar angles were photographed and limb posture documented before and after the creation of positive plantar angles and improved three-dimensional proportions around the centre of rotation of the distal-interphalangeal joint, using farriery prosthetics. The results showed that horses presenting with negative plantar angles had canted-in postures and that farriery intervention had a significant effect on hind limb orientation in seven of these horses. There was a significant difference in metatarsal angle pre and post intervention with the mean for pre intervention being 81.3° ± 5.1 and post intervention being 88.0° ± 3.8 in the right hind and 74.4° ± 3.7 and 87.1° ± 2.9 in the left hind. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that the hoof balance informs equine stance and can play a role in affecting limb posture.
Feline Cyst-like Lymphocytic Cholangiohepatitis in a Cat: First Case Report
Authors: Assawarachan Sathidpak Nantasanti , Yodsheewan Rungrueang , Maneesaay Phudit , Rattanapinyopituk Kasem , Chuchalermporn Piyathip , Kongchun Atijit , Hakhen Benjang , Sattasathuchana Panpicha
Published: November 2022

A 5-year-old female neutered domestic short-haired cat presented with abdominal enlargement. An abdominal ultrasound revealed that large multiple hepatic cysts with irregular walls, hypoechoic fluid, and internal septations occupied most of the liver parenchyma. Serum liver enzymes, bilirubin, and bile acids concentrations were within normal limits. A fecal examination using simple floatation and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques was negative for liver fluke (Platynosomum fastosum), intestinal protozoa, and other helminth eggs. Praziquantel was prescribed for two distinct courses one month apart without obvious improvement of the hepatic cysts. An abdominal laparotomy and histopathological examination finally enabled diagnosis of cyst-like lymphocytic cholangiohepatitis of the liver tissue. Twelve weeks of oral prednisolone resulted in marked ultrasonographic improvement of the hepatic cysts. The liver parenchyma was heterogeneous and filled with multiple small anechoic cavities. Twenty-three months after ceasing the prednisolone, there was no recurrence of hepatic cysts.
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Coronaviruses in Migratory Ducks from Portugal Show the Circulation of Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus
Authors: Hemnani Mahima , Rodrigues David , Santos Nuno , Santos-Silva Sergio , Figueiredo Maria Ester , Henriques Pedro , Ferreira-e-Silva Joana , Rebelo Hugo , Poeta Patricia , Thompson Gertrude , Mesquita João R.
Published: November 2022

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are part of the Coronaviridae family, and the genera Gamma (γ) and Delta (δ) are found mostly in birds. Migratory birds have an enormous potential for dispersing pathogenic microorganisms. Ducks (order Anseriformes) can host CoVs from birds, with pathogenic expression and high economic impact. This study aimed to identify and characterize the diversity of CoVs in migratory ducks from Portugal. Duck stool samples were collected using cloacal swabs from 72 individuals (Anas platyrhynchos, Anas acuta, and Anas crecca). Among the 72 samples tested, 24 showed amplicons of the expected size. Twenty-three were characterized as Gammacoronavirus and one as Deltacoronavirus (accession numbers ON368935-ON368954; ON721380-ON721383). The Gammacoronaviruses sequences showed greater similarities to those obtained in ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) from Finland and Poland, Anas crecca duck from the USA, and mute swans from Poland. Birds can occupy many habitats and therefore play diverse ecological roles in various ecosystems, especially given their ability to migrate exceptional distances, facilitating the dispersal of microorganisms with animal and/or human impact. There are a considerable number of studies that have detected CoVs in ducks, but none in Portugal. The present study assessed the circulation of CoVs in wild ducks from Portugal, being the first description of CoVs for these animals in Portugal.
Early Pregnancy Modulates Expression of the Nod-like Receptor Family in Lymph Nodes of Ewes
Authors: Zhao Zhenyang , Li Yuanjing , Cao Jianhua , Fang Hongxu , Zhang Leying , Yang Ling
Published: November 2022

NOD receptors (NLRs) mediate adaptive immune responses and immune tolerance. Nevertheless, it is not clear if gestation modulates the NLR signaling pathway in lymph nodes of ewes. In this study, lymph nodes of ewes were collected at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and at days 13, 16 and 25 of gestation (n = 6 for each group). RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to analyze the expression of the NLR family, including NOD1, NOD2, CIITA, NAIP, NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRP7. The data showed that early gestation enhanced expression of NOD1, CIITA, NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRP7 mRNA, as well as proteins at day 16 of gestation, and the expression levels of NOD2, CIITA, NLRP1 and NLRP7 were higher at days 13 and 25 of gestation than day 16 of the estrous cycle. However, NOD1 expression was lower on days 13 and 25 of gestation compared to day 16 of the estrous cycle, and early gestation suppressed NAIP expression. In summary, early pregnancy modulated expression of the NLR family in ovine lymph nodes, which participates in immune regulation, and this modulation may be necessary for pregnancy establishment in ewes.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Mechanical Smoke Extraction Caused by External Wind in Subway Station Halls
Authors: Liu Jiali , Fan Xianwang , Wang Bei , Ye Tianzhen , Wu Zhangxiang , Xing Enzhong
Published: November 2022

When fires break out in subway station halls, traditional smoke extraction (TSE) systems are employed with the aim of preventing smoke from spreading to the platform and passageways. The functionality of TSE systems under the influence of external winds needs to be further explored. Based on a numerical method, this study investigated the effect on TSE systems under the influence of external wind. A numerical model was established and validated by means of full-scale field tests to ensure accuracy. Subsequently, the validated model was applied to study the effect of the external wind directions and speeds on the smoke diffusion distance. The results showed that when all entrances and exits were on the windward side, the external wind direction led to serious longitudinal diffusion of the smoke toward the side with fewer entrances and exits of the station hall, and the diffusion distance increased with increasing wind speed. The diffusion distance reached a maximum value of 61.32 m when the outdoor wind was 5 m/s, which was 67.9% higher than that under no wind. When all the entrances and exits were on the leeward side, the external wind had little influence on the degree of smoke spread, with the greatest smoke diffusion distance being only 4.76% longer than that under no wind. When two entrances and exits were on the windward side and the other on the leeward side, the external wind caused smoke to spread to a passageway, and the degree of smoke spread was more unfavorable at higher wind speeds, with the longest diffusion distance being 7.28 m. To prevent smoke from spreading to passageways and to effectively shorten the longitudinal diffusion distance of smoke, an optimized smoke control (OSC) system was proposed, employing center and passageway smoke barriers, which were able to shorten the diffusion distances by 35.45%, 13.64%, and 2.35%. In particular, smoke diffusion did not occur in passageways. This study provides a reference for the fire safety engineering design of subway stations.
Thermal Characterization of Phase Change Materials by Differential Scanning Calorimetry: A Review
Authors: Fatahi Hazhir , Claverie Jérôme , Poncet Sébastien
Published: November 2022

The use of phase change materials (PCMs) in thermal energy storage (TES) applications as a system that can fill the gap between the energy supply and demand has sharply increased over recent years. Due to the dependence of the storage capacity in a TES on the transition (mostly solid/liquid) of PCMs, knowing the thermal properties of PCMs is of high importance. Calorimetric methods have an inevitable role in PCMs’ characterization methods. The most important properties of PCMs that lead us to integrate them in a specific application can be determined by the calorimetric method. These properties are transition temperatures, the enthalpy of transition and the heat capacity. Among the calorimetric methods, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is widely available and accurate results can be obtained at a reasonable cost. Furthermore, the thermal stability of PCMs can be determined after a hundred cycles of melting and solidification. The present work proposes an extensive and comprehensive review on calorimetric measurements of PCMs via the DSC method. The objective is to highlight the relevant research with a focus on DSC characterization of PCMs. This review includes studies from 1999 to 2022 and provides a summary of the methods, results and recommendations for future measurements.
Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Studies of SDS in Cinnamaldehyde + Ethanol Mixtures: Influences of Temperature and Composition
Authors: Alamier Waleed M. , Tasneem Shadma , Nabi Arshid , Hasan Nazim , Nabi Firdosa
Published: November 2022

The study of intermolecular interactions between ethanol (E-OH), cinnamaldehyde (CAD) with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in non-aqueous media has been examined by utilizing conductometric and spectroscopic techniques. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values have been determined. The experimental conductance data were analyzed against temperature and concentration using standard relations. The pseudo phase separation model has been adopted to calculate various thermodynamic parameters like standard free energy, ∆G°mic, enthalpy, ∆H°mic, and entropy, ∆S°mic, of micelle formation. Fourier transforms infrared analysis (FTIR), and Fluorescence spectra were taken out to assess the possible interactions prevailing in the micellar systems. The findings demonstrated that the presence of SDS, and the composition of CAD + ethanol might affect the thermodynamic parameters. The discrepancy in these parameters with the surfactant concentration or with the temperature change indicates the manifestation of different interactions prevailing in the studied systems.
Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Coal Slurries under the Temperature Difference between Inside and Outside of the Channel
Authors: Liu Yang , Hu Xintao , Gao Feng , Gao Yanan
Published: November 2022

The pipeline transportation of coal slurries is always subject to a temperature difference between the outdoors environment and the fluid body. As slurries’ viscosity is typically temperature dependent, the flow is accompanied by the heat transfer. In this study, we used the CFD method to investigate temperature distributions and flow structures in straight and curved channels, which has not previously been investigated, according to our knowledge. First, the results demonstrate that the cooling process influences the flow structures along the stream. The fluid turns more sharply in the cooler fluid in the curved channel, the streamlines overlap at an earlier position within the bend, and the velocity maximum zone is wider. Cooling also has a significant impact on transverse flow. Because of the higher viscosity of the more cooled fluid and thus the difficulty of shearing the fluid in the stream-wise direction, the vorticity and strength of the vortex flow are greater. The fluid velocity at the central part of the channel points toward the inner wall at the beginning of the bend, resulting in an inner-wall biased temperature distribution, as the heat transfer is partially carried out by the fluid velocity. The central velocity points toward the outer wall at the end of the bend, resulting in the outer-wall biased temperature profile.
Simulation of Piston Effects on Platform Screen Doors Considering Air Leakage
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Jianyao , Yang Qingshan , Li Qiusheng
Published: November 2022

The complex wind effects around platform screen doors (PSDs) caused by train-induced piston wind effect and positive micropressure waves in subway station platforms are investigated. Numerical modeling of the wind field around full-scale PSDs with real gaps under different inflow conditions is developed to analyze the pressure distributions on and around the PSDs and the corresponding recirculation regions in the frontal and rear PSD areas with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. An equivalent porous media model is developed to obtain the relationship between the pressure difference and wind velocity based on Darcy–Forchheimer’s Law. It includes a viscosity loss term and an inertial loss term in the simulation of the air leakage flow generated from the PSD gap. The coefficients of these two terms are estimated from the CFD results from the full-scale models. The complicated flow field originated from the gaps is the main cause of the large wind pressure on the PSD, and the flow velocity on the platform may significantly affect the comfort of pedestrians and of the safety design of the PSD system.
Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuates Chronic Allodynia after Bone Fractures via Reducing Spinal CXCL1/CXCR2-Mediated Iron Accumulation in Mice
Authors: Wang Yanting , Wang Pei , Liu Cuicui , Chen Wei , Wang Pingping , Jiang Lili
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Neuroinflammation often initiates iron overload in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Chemokine-driven neuroinflammation is required for central sensitization and chronic allodynia following fractures, but specific molecular modulations are elusive. This present study explored whether hydrogen-rich saline, as one potent anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical, could alleviate fracture-caused allodynia by suppressing chemokine CXCL1 expression and iron overload. Methods: A mouse model of tibial fracture with intramedullary pinning was employed for establishing chronic allodynia. Three applications of hydrogen-rich saline (1, 5 or 10 mL/kg) were administrated intraperitoneally on a daily basis from days 4 to 6 following fractures. Spinal CXCL1 and its receptor CXCR2 levels, transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) expression and iron concentration were examined. Recombinant CXCL1, a selective CXCR2 antagonist and an iron chelator were used for verification of mechanisms. Results: Repetitive injections of hydrogen-rich saline (5 and 10 mL/kg but not 1 mL/kg) prevent fracture-caused mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia in a dose-dependent manner. Single exposure to hydrogen-rich saline (10 mL/kg) on day 14 after orthopedic surgeries controls the established persistent fracture allodynia. Furthermore, hydrogen-rich saline therapy reduces spinal CXCL1/CXCR2 over-expression and TfR1-mediated iron accumulation in fracture mice. Spinal CXCR2 antagonism impairs allodynia and iron overload following fracture surgery. Intrathecal delivery of recombinant CXCL1 induces acute allodynia and spinal iron overload, which is reversed by hydrogen-rich saline. Moreover, iron chelation alleviates exogenous CXCL1-induced acute pain behaviors. Conclusions: These findings identify that hydrogen-rich saline confers protection against fracture-caused chronic allodynia via spinal down-modulation of CXCL1-dependent TfR1-mediated iron accumulation in mice.
Examining Voting Capacity in Older Adults with and without Cognitive Decline
Authors: Poptsi Eleni , Moraitou Despina , Tsatali Marianna , Papaliagkas Vasileios , Tzanakaki-Melissari Maria , Kyriakoulaki Elia , Kounti Fotini , Markou Nefeli , Liapi Despina , Batsila Georgia , Ouzouni Fani , Vasiloglou Maria , Tsolaki Magda
Published: November 2022

Background: Nowadays, controversy exists regarding the stage of cognitive decline and/or dementia where voting capacity is diminished. Aim: To evaluate whether general cognitive status in advancing age predicts voting capacity in its specific aspects. Methods: The study sample comprised 391 people: 88 cognitively healthy older adults (CH), 150 people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and 153 people with Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD). The assessment included CAT-V for the voting capacity and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) for general cognitive ability. ANOVAs and ROC curves were the tools of statistical analysis towards (a) indicating under which MMSE rate participants are incapable of voting and (b) whether the CAT-V total score can discriminate people with dementia (PwADD) from people without dementia (PwtD). Results: Out of the six CAT-V questions, one question was associated with a low MMSE cutoff score (19.50), having excellent sensitivity (92.5%) and specificity (77.20%), whilst the other five questions presented a higher MMSE cutoff score, with a good sensitivity (78.4% to 87.6%) and specificity (75.3% to 81.7%), indicating that voting difficulties are associated with cognitive status. Secondarily, the total CAT-V score discriminates PwADD from PwtD of 51–65 years (sensitivity 93.2%/specificity 100%—excellent), PwADD from PwtD of 66–75 years (sensitivity 73.3%/specificity 97.1%—good), PwADD from PwtD of 76–85 years (sensitivity 92.2%/specificity 64.7%—good), whilst for 86–95 years, a cutoff of 9.5 resulted in perfect sensitivity and specificity (100%). Conclusion: According to MMSE, PwADD have no full voting competence, whilst PwtD seem to have intact voting capacity. The calculated cut-off scores indicate that only people who score more than 28 points on the MMSE have voting capacity.
Review of the U.S. Policies, Codes, and Standards of Zero-Carbon Buildings
Authors: Yu Fei , Feng Wei , Leng Jiawei , Wang Yibo , Bai Yang
Published: November 2022

The global issue of climate change has accelerated the international commitment to net-zero carbon emission development. Decarbonizing the building sector has been put on several governments’ sustainable development agendas. To provide a reference for decarbonizing the building sector, this paper summarizes the U.S. experience in zero-carbon buildings (ZCBs) from the aspects of policies, codes, and standards at the federal and local levels and those of professional societies. Based on the definition and boundaries of ZCBs, this paper introduces policies on building energy efficiency, electrification, on-site renewable energy deployment, and “buy clean”, illustrating highlights in building phases, energy systems, materials production, and fiscal incentives. The synergic efforts and coordination between federal and local levels and with professional societies are also introduced. Successful experiences in policy and standard implementation are summarized, including the systemic work of multilevel governance, clearly defined goals and stringent policies, constant upgrades of codes and standards, transparency in reporting and information sharing, and increased financial and investment opportunities. This paper provides concrete recommendations for developing zero-carbon building policies.
Shear Behavior of T-Shaped Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP
Authors: Zhang Yannian , Li Ning , Wang Qingjie , Li Zhijun , Qin Xiaoyan
Published: November 2022

The calculation formula for bearing capacity was verified and further corrected through the current study of the influences of different parameters on the shear behavior of concrete T-beams reinforced with surface-embedded FRP. Tests were conducted on 14 beams reinforced with FRP tendons, including assessments of different concrete strength grades, longitudinal reinforcement ratios, surface characteristics, types, diameters, reinforcement modes, FRP spacings, and specimen shear span ratios. The results show that surface-embedded FRP reinforcement technology can be utilized to improve the overall stiffness and shear strength of beams, delay the development of oblique cracking, reduce the width of diagonal cracking, and improve the bite cooperation between concrete aggregates, thus improving the manifestation of reinforcement. The shear failure mechanism of reinforced concrete beams, strengthened with surface-embedded FRP, seemed to be similar to that of ordinary reinforced concrete beams. The mechanism of action was identical to that of stirrups, and the utilization factor of FRPs was determined.
Down-Regulation of lncRNA MBNL1-AS1 Promotes Tumor Stem Cell-like Characteristics and Prostate Cancer Progression through miR-221-3p/CDKN1B/C-myc Axis
Authors: Liu Ji , Niraj Maskey , Wang Hong , Zhang Wentao , Wang Ruiliang , Kadier Aimaitiaji , Li Wei , Yao Xudong
Published: November 2022

The recurrence, progression, and drug resistance of prostate cancer (PC) is closely related to the cancer stem cells (CSCs). Therefore, it is necessary to find the key regulators of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs). Here, we analyzed the results of a single-class logistic regression machine learning algorithm (OCLR) to identify the PCSC-associated lncRNA MBNL1-AS1. The effects of MBNL1-AS1 on the stemness of CSCs was assessed using qPCR, western blot and sphere-forming assays. The role of MBNL1-AS1 in mediating the proliferation and invasion of the PC cell lines was examined using Transwell, wounding-healing, CCK-8, EdU and animal assays. Dual-luciferase and ChIRP assays were used to examine the molecular mechanism of MBNL1-AS1 in PCSCs. MBNL1-AS1 was shown to be negatively correlated with stemness index (mRNAsi), and even prognosis, tumor progression, recurrence, and drug resistance in PC patients. The knockdown of MBNL1-AS1 significantly affected the stemness of the PC cells, and subsequently their invasive and proliferative abilities. Molecular mechanism studies suggested that MBNL1-AS1 regulates CDKN1B through competitive binding to miR-221-3p, which led to the inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway to affect PCSCs. In conclusion, our study identified MBNL1-AS1 as a key regulator of PCSCs and examined its mechanism of action in the malignant progression of PC.
Prognosis of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer with Distant Metastasis
Authors: Lee Jin-Seok , Lee Jun Sung , Yun Hyeok Jun , Chang Hojin , Kim Seok Mo , Lee Yong Sang , Chang Hang-Seok , Park Cheong Soo
Published: November 2022

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is derived from follicular thyroid cells and is associated with high mortality risk. Obtaining information to characterize ATC is difficult because ATC with distant metastasis is extremely rare. This study determined the clinical characteristics of ATC with distant metastasis. The medical records of 152 patients with ATC at Gangnam Severance Hospital were reviewed between January 2004 and March 2022. The primary endpoint was the overall survival of the total patient sample, patients with ATC and distant metastasis, and those with ATC and brain metastasis. Of the 152 patients with ATC, 88 had distant metastasis at diagnosis. The 5-year disease-specific survival was 24% for total ATC and 10% for ATC with distant metastasis. Survival for >1 year was 32% for total ATC and 15% for ATC with distant metastasis. The median survival rate differed significantly between the total ATC and ATC with distant metastasis groups (228.5 vs. 171 days). Among the ATC cases, 11% had brain metastasis; thus, brain MRI or CT is worth considering at diagnosis and follow-up, even if there were no statistical difference in overall survival between patients with ATC with and without brain metastasis.
Staging Breast Cancer with MRI, the T. A Key Role in the Neoadjuvant Setting
Authors: Panico Camilla , Ferrara Francesca , Woitek Ramona , D’Angelo Anna , Di Paola Valerio , Bufi Enida , Conti Marco , Palma Simone , Cicero Stefano , Cimino Giovanni , Belli Paolo , Manfredi Riccardo
Published: November 2022

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) indications have expanded from inoperable locally advanced to early-stage breast cancer. Achieving a pathological complete response (pCR) has been proven to be an excellent prognostic marker leading to better disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Although diagnostic accuracy of MRI has been shown repeatedly to be superior to conventional methods in assessing the extent of breast disease there are still controversies regarding the indication of MRI in this setting. We intended to review the complex literature concerning the tumor size in staging, response and surgical planning in patients with early breast cancer receiving NACT, in order to clarify the role of MRI. Morphological and functional MRI techniques are making headway in the assessment of the tumor size in the staging, residual tumor assessment and prediction of response. Radiomics and radiogenomics MRI applications in the setting of the prediction of response to NACT in breast cancer are continuously increasing. Tailored therapy strategies allow considerations of treatment de-escalation in excellent responders and avoiding or at least postponing breast surgery in selected patients.
Galectins in Esophageal Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
Authors: Godefa Tesfay M. , Derks Sarah , Thijssen Victor L. J. L.
Published: November 2022

Esophageal cancer is a disease with poor overall survival. Despite advancements in therapeutic options, the treatment outcome of esophageal cancer patients remains dismal with an overall 5-year survival rate of approximately 20 percent. To improve treatment efficacy and patient survival, efforts are being made to identify the factors that underlie disease progression and that contribute to poor therapeutic responses. It has become clear that some of these factors reside in the tumor micro-environment. In particular, the tumor vasculature and the tumor immune micro-environment have been implicated in esophageal cancer progression and treatment response. Interestingly, galectins represent a family of glycan-binding proteins that has been linked to both tumor angiogenesis and tumor immunosuppression. Indeed, in several cancer types, galectins have been identified as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers. However, the role of galectins in esophageal cancer is still poorly understood. Here, we summarize the current literature with regard to the expression and potential functions of galectins in esophageal cancer. In addition, we highlight the gaps in the current knowledge and we propose directions for future research in order to reveal whether galectins contribute to esophageal cancer progression and provide opportunities to improve the treatment and survival of esophageal cancer patients.
A Clinical Guide to Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE in Neuroendocrine Tumor Patients
Authors: Becx Morticia N. , Minczeles Noémie S. , Brabander Tessa , de Herder Wouter W. , Nonnekens Julie , Hofland Johannes
Published: November 2022

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with [177Lu]Lu-[DOTA0,Tyr3]-octreotate (177Lu-DOTATATE) has become an established second- or third-line treatment option for patients with somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-positive advanced well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Clinical evidence of the efficacy of PRRT in tumor control has been proven and lower risks of disease progression or death are seen combined with an improved quality of life. When appropriate patient selection is performed, PRRT is accompanied by limited risks for renal and hematological toxicities. Treatment of NET patients with PRRT requires dedicated clinical expertise due to the biological characteristics of PRRT and specific characteristics of NET patients. This review provides an overview for clinicians dealing with NET on the history, molecular characteristics, efficacy, toxicity and relevant clinical specifics of PRRT.
Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: From Molecules towards Drugs of Clinical Relevance
Authors: Selvaggi Federico , Melchiorre Eugenia , Casari Ilaria , Cinalli Sebastiano , Cinalli Massimiliano , Aceto Gitana Maria , Cotellese Roberto , Garajova Ingrid , Falasca Marco
Published: November 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most threatening solid malignancies. Molecular and cellular mediators that activate paracrine signalling also regulate the dynamic interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and nerves. This reciprocal interface leads to perineural invasion (PNI), defined as the ability of cancer cells to invade nerves, similar to vascular and lymphatic metastatic cascade. Targeting PNI in pancreatic cancer might help ameliorate prognosis and pain relief. In this review, the modern knowledge of PNI in pancreatic cancer has been analysed and critically presented. We focused on molecular pathways promoting cancer progression, with particular emphasis on neuropathic pain generation, and we reviewed the current knowledge of pharmacological inhibitors of the PNI axis. PNI represents a common hallmark of PDAC and correlates with recurrence, poor prognosis and pain in pancreatic cancer patients. The interaction among pancreatic cancer cells, immune cells and nerves is biologically relevant in each stage of the disease and stimulates great interest, but the real impact of the administration of novel agents in clinical practice is limited. It is still early days for PNI-targeted treatments, and further advanced studies are needed to understand whether they could be effective tools in the clinical setting.
Glucose and Inositol Transporters, SLC5A1 and SLC5A3, in Glioblastoma Cell Migration
Authors: Brosch Philippa , Korsa Tessa , Taban Danush , Eiring Patrick , Kreisz Philipp , Hildebrand Sascha , Neubauer Julia , Zimmermann Heiko , Sauer Markus , Shirakashi Ryo , Djuzenova Cholpon , Sisario Dmitri , Sukhorukov Vladimir
Published: November 2022

(1) Background: The recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is mainly due to invasion of the surrounding brain tissue, where organic solutes, including glucose and inositol, are abundant. Invasive cell migration has been linked to the aberrant expression of transmembrane solute-linked carriers (SLC). Here, we explore the role of glucose (SLC5A1) and inositol transporters (SLC5A3) in GBM cell migration. (2) Methods: Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we visualized the subcellular localization of SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 in two highly motile human GBM cell lines. We also employed wound-healing assays to examine the effect of SLC inhibition on GBM cell migration and examined the chemotactic potential of inositol. (3) Results: While GBM cell migration was significantly increased by extracellular inositol and glucose, it was strongly impaired by SLC transporter inhibition. In the GBM cell monolayers, both SLCs were exclusively detected in the migrating cells at the monolayer edge. In single GBM cells, both transporters were primarily localized at the leading edge of the lamellipodium. Interestingly, in GBM cells migrating via blebbing, SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 were predominantly detected in nascent and mature blebs, respectively. (4) Conclusion: We provide several lines of evidence for the involvement of SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 in GBM cell migration, thereby complementing the migration-associated transportome. Our findings suggest that SLC inhibition is a promising approach to GBM treatment.
Pre-Existing and Acquired Resistance to PARP Inhibitor-Induced Synthetic Lethality
Authors: Le Bac Viet , Podszywałow-Bartnicka Paulina , Piwocka Katarzyna , Skorski Tomasz
Published: November 2022

The advanced development of synthetic lethality has opened the doors for specific anti-cancer medications of personalized medicine and efficient therapies against cancers. One of the most popular approaches being investigated is targeting DNA repair pathways as the implementation of the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) into individual or combinational therapeutic schemes. Such treatment has been effectively employed against homologous recombination-defective solid tumors as well as hematopoietic malignancies. However, the resistance to PARPi has been observed in both preclinical research and clinical treatment. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the resistance to PARPi is pivotal for the further success of this intervention. Apart from mechanisms of acquired resistance, the bone marrow microenvironment provides a pre-existing mechanism to induce the inefficiency of PARPi in leukemic cells. Here, we describe the pre-existing and acquired mechanisms of the resistance to PARPi-induced synthetic lethality. We also discuss the potential rationales for developing effective therapies to prevent/repress the PARPi resistance in cancer cells.
Identification of Risk Factors for Sexual Dysfunction after Multimodal Therapy of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer and Their Impact on Quality of Life: A Single-Center Trial
Authors: Tschann Peter , Weigl Markus , Brock Thomas , Frick Jürgen , Sturm Oliver , Presl Jaroslav , Jäger Tarkan , Weitzendorfer Michael , Schredl Philipp , Clemens Patrick , Eiter Helmut , Szeverinski Philipp , Attenberger Christian , Tschann Veronika , Brunner Walter , De Vries Alexander , Emmanuel Klaus , Königsrainer Ingmar
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Sexual function is crucial for the quality of life and can be highly affected by preoperative therapy and surgery. The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors for poor sexual function and quality of life. Methods: Female patients were asked to complete the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6). Male patients were demanded to answer the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Results: In total, 79 patients filled in the questionary, yielding a response rate of 41.57%. The proportion of women was represented by 32.91%, and the median age was 76.0 years (66.0–81.0). Sexual dysfunction appeared in 88.46% of female patients. Severe erectile dysfunction occurred in 52.83% of male patients. Univariate analysis showed female patients (OR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.05–0.64, p = 0.01), older age (OR: 0.34, 95%CI 0.11–1.01, p = 0.05), tumor localization under 6cm from the anal verge (OR: 4.43, 95%CI: 1.44–13.67, p = 0.01) and extension of operation (APR and ISR) (OR: 0.13, 95%CI: 0.03–0.59, p = 0.01) as significant risk factors for poor outcome. Female patients (OR: 0.12, 95%CI: 0.03–0.62, p = 0.01) and tumors below 6 cm from the anal verge (OR: 4.64, 95%CI: 1.18–18.29, p = 0.03) were shown to be independent risk factors for sexual dysfunction after multimodal therapy in the multivariate analysis. Quality of life was only affected in the case of extensive surgery (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Higher Age, female sex, distal tumors and extensive surgery (APR, ISR) are revealed risk factors for SD in this study. Quality of life was only affected in the case of APR or ISR.
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition as Mechanism of Progression of Pancreatic Cancer: From Mice to Men
Authors: Greco Luana , Rubbino Federica , Laghi Luigi
Published: November 2022

Owed to its aggressive yet subtle nature, pancreatic cancer remains unnoticed till an advanced stage so that in most cases the diagnosis is made when the cancer has already spread to other organs with deadly efficiency. The progression from primary tumor to metastasis involves an intricate cascade of events comprising the pleiotropic process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) facilitating cancer spread. The elucidation of this pivotal phenotypic change in cancer cell morphology, initially heretic, moved from basic studies dissecting the progression of pancreatic cancer in animal models to move towards human disease, although no clinical translation of the concept emerged yet. Despite this transition, a full-blown mesenchymal phenotype may not be accomplished; rather, the plasticity of the program and its dependency on heterotopic signals implies a series of fluctuating modifications of cancer cells encompassing mesenchymal and epithelial features. Despite the evidence supporting the activation of EMT and MET during cancer progression, our understanding of the relationship between tumor microenvironment and EMT is not yet mature for a clinical application. In this review, we attempt to resume the knowledge on EMT and pancreatic cancer, aiming to include the EMT among the hallmarks of cancer that could potentially modify our clinical thinking with the purpose of filling the gap between the results pursued in basic research by animal models and those achieved in translational research by surrogate biomarkers, as well as their application for prognostic and predictive purposes.
Knockdown of NCOR2 Inhibits Cell Proliferation via BDNF/TrkB/ERK in NF1-Derived MPNSTs
Authors: Li Yuehua , Chung Manhon , Aimaier Rehanguli , Wei Chengjiang , Wang Wei , Ge Lingling , Zhu Beiyao , Guo Zizhen , Wang Mingyang , Gu Yihui , Zhang Haibing , Li Qingfeng , Wang Zhichao
Published: November 2022

(1) Background: malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) are aggressive Schwann cell-derived sarcomas with dismal prognoses. Previous studies have shown that nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) plays a vital role in neurodevelopment and in various tumours. However, the impact of NCOR2 on the progression of MPNST remains unclear. (2) Methods: by GEO database, MPNST tissue microarray, and NF1-related tumour tissues and cell lines were used to explore NCOR2 expression level in the MPNSTs. The role and mechanism of NCOR2 in NF1-derived MPNSTs were explored by experiments in vivo and in vitro and by transcriptome high-throughput sequencing. (3) Results: NCOR2 expression is significantly elevated in NF1-derived MPNSTs and is associated with patient 10-year survival time. Knockdown of NCOR2 suppressed NF1-derived MPNST cell proliferation by blocking the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, decreased NCOR2 expression could down-regulate MAPK signal activity through the BDNF/TrkB pathway. (4) Conclusions: our findings demonstrated that NCOR2 expression is significantly elevated in NF1-derived MPNSTs. NCOR2 knockdown can inhibit NF1-derived MPNST cell proliferation by weakened BDNF/TrkB/ERK signalling. Targeting NF1-derived MPNSTs with TrkB inhibitors, or in combination with ERK inhibitors, may be a novel therapeutic strategy for clinical trials.