bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of automated isovolemic hemodilution red‐cell exchange in patients with sickle cell disease: A Canadian single center experience
Authors: Uminski Kelsey , Perelman Iris , Tinmouth Alan T. , Mack Johnathan
Published: December 2024

Background

Red cell exchange (RCE) is an important treatment for sickle cell disease (SCD). It is a resource‐intensive intervention requiring large volumes of red blood cells (RBC), which are frequently antigen‐matched. Efforts to reduce the volume of units transfused, while maintaining treatment efficacy is an important need. This study evaluates the impact of a change to isovolemic hemodilution (IHD)‐RCE on RBC utilization in SCD patients at a Canadian center.

Study Design and Methods

Adult SCD patients receiving chronic automated RCE at the Ottawa Hospital were approached for study inclusion. To safely attain a meaningful reduction in transfused RBCs, RCE parameters were individualized for each patient. IHD‐RCE was performed only if an estimated reduction in RBC volume of at least 200 mL was expected, with hematocrit not allowed to decrease below 20%. Data were compared in the 6‐months before and after the protocol change.

Results

Twenty‐two adult patients met the criteria for inclusion. There was a net reduction of 107 RBC units after the transition from standard RCE to IHD‐RCE (1035 vs. 928 units; −10.3%). The mean number of RBC units transfused per patient decreased by 4.8 (47.0 vs. 42.2 units; p = .01). No difference in target post‐RCE hemoglobin S levels was observed.

Discussion

In this study IHD‐RCE reduced RBC utilization without impacting efficacy or safety, conserving 107 RBC units (an annualized savings of $95,444 CAD). No adverse events due to saline replacement were observed. Increased awareness of the benefits of IHD‐RCE through knowledge translation could promote greater uptake.
Non‐antibiotic approaches to mitigating wound infections: Potential for SSRIs and adrenergic antagonists as emerging therapeutics
Authors: Dafinone Mirabel E. , Lyle Rawlings E. , Lee Conan , Mehta Alisha , Dahle Sara E. , Isseroff R. Rivkah
Published: December 2024

Bacterial biofilms represent a formidable challenge in the treatment of chronic wounds, largely because of their resistance to conventional antibiotics. The emergence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacterial strains exacerbates this issue, necessitating a shift towards exploring alternative therapeutic approaches. In response to this urgent need, there has been a surge in research efforts aimed at identifying effective non‐antibiotic treatments. Recently noted among the non‐antibiotic options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and beta‐adrenergic (β‐AR) antagonists. Both have demonstrated antimicrobial activities and wound‐healing properties, which makes them particularly promising potential therapeutics for chronic wounds. This review seeks to comprehensively evaluate the landscape of non‐antibiotic strategies for managing wound infections. By analysing the latest research findings and clinical developments, it aims to shed light on emerging therapeutic alternatives. Additionally, the review delves into the potential of repurposing systemic therapeutics for topical application, offering insights into the feasibility and challenges associated with current approaches. We also address the necessity of translating promising preclinical results into tangible clinical benefits.
The Imagined Audience in Social Media: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sun Jingle , Ghazali Akmar Hayati Ahmad , Abdul Rahman Saiful Nujaimi
Published: December 2024

Determining the audience for social media posts is complex due to platform algorithms and mixed audiences. The "invisible audience" and the collapse of distinct social contexts challenge users’ capacity to manage their social circles effectively. This systematic review, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, identified 17 relevant articles through a structured search and screening. It outlines study backgrounds, sample characteristics, data collection methods, and highlights factors influencing audience categorization, aiding the understanding of imagined audience formation. The review discusses the impact of imagined audiences on user behavior and emotions, distinguishing these effects and enriching existing research. It aims to enhance users' audience awareness, improve privacy management, and support technology and literacy efforts related to social media privacy challenges.
Study on the Looseness Caused by Local Slip and Load Bearing Capacity of Threaded Connections Under Transverse Cyclic Loading
Authors: Sun Yu , Qin Wenjie , Zhao Zhenlong , Ba Mingsen
Published: December 2024

Under transverse cyclic loading, slip will occur on the contact surfaces in a threaded connection, causing rotational loosening of the connection. It is necessary to detect and analyze the loosening behavior of threaded connections caused by slippage. In this article, a self-driven sensor based on the principles of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) was used to monitor the rotational looseness of a tight threaded stud connection subjected to transverse cyclic loads. The finite element simulation was conducted on the contact slip in the stud connection in the experiment under transverse cyclic loading to reveal the loosening phenomenon of threaded connections caused by local slip propagation with the increase of load cycles. Under a certain preload, only when the amplitude of the lateral cyclic load does not exceed a critical value, will the thread contact surface not experience local slip propagation. Therefore, a local slip influence coefficient was proposed for calculating the critical transverse cyclic load amplitude, and its influencing factors were discussed. This study provides a new approach to the anti-loosening design of threaded connections.
Investigation of Surface Roughness–Induced Attenuation of Reflected Waves Using a Quasi-Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Xie Lejuan , Zhang Shuzeng
Published: December 2024

An understanding of the influence of surface roughness on wave scattering and accurate predictions of wave amplitudes are crucial for quantitative ultrasonic nondestructive testing and evaluation. In this work, the effects of surface roughness on the reflection coefficient are investigated using a quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method. The wave fields reflected from smooth and rough interfaces with an immersion transducer are modeled using the Rayleigh integral method, and the solutions are efficiently calculated using the QMC method for interfaces constructed using pseudo-random samples. The reflected wave fields are simulated and presented, and the properties of coherent and incoherent waves affected by interface roughness are discussed. The surface roughness–induced attenuation of reflected waves is calculated using the ratio of received pressures for waves reflected from rough and smooth interfaces, and the predicted results are compared with those obtained using other recognized methods. It is shown that at low levels of roughness, excellent agreement is obtained between the results from the QMC method and the well-known Kirchhoff approximation, while for high levels of roughness, where the Kirchhoff theory gives pessimistic results, the predicted values agree well with those simulated using a finite element modeling approach, thus verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effect of Acid–Base Pretreatment on Pyrolysis Kinetics of Pine
Authors: Geng Jingjuan , Wang Yang , Li Jinhu , Li Yilong , Ye Xinhao , Yang Yongliang
Published: December 2024

Biomass represents a significant renewable energy source. Pyrolysis is one method to directly convert biomass into thermochemical energy, with alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) content potentially improving energy efficiency. In this paper, thermogravimetric experiments were carried out on the samples after acid–base pretreatment, and the kinetics were analyzed using the Friedman, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), and Kissinger methods at various heating rates. The results show that the KAS method is the most reliable among the four methods. As the conversion rate rose from 0.05 to 0.7, the activation energy of water, acid, alkali, and alkaline acid-treated samples calculated using the KAS method increased by 66.08, 42.20, 88.30, and 52.93 kJ/mol, respectively. Acid treatment can remove AAEMs from biomass, inhibit their initial decomposition, and enhance their subsequent decomposition. Alkali treatment can increase the carboxylate content, resulting in a lower activation energy. Nonetheless, the continuous increase in activation energy due to the breaking and reformation of Char–Na bonds hinders subsequent pyrolysis. Additionally, acid–base treatment alters the structure of biomass, leading to a general decrease in activation energy and facilitating its decomposition.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Basic and Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle Configurations Using Six Working Fluids: A Parametric Study With CoolProp in MATLAB
Authors: Salhi Imane , Sadni Fatima ezzahra , Belhora Fouad , Hajjaji Abdelowahed
Published: December 2024

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a promising solution for reducing the environmental impact of electricity production. It operates with waste heat from industrial processes and uses low and medium-temperature heat sources. The originality of this work lies not only in conducting an energy analysis of basic and regenerative ORC but also in performing exergy analysis to identify the processes responsible for exergy destruction and losses. It also compares both configurations regarding energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, network, heat required, and exergy destruction rate. Matlab Software runs the simulation using the Coolprop open-source library. These parametric investigations and thermodynamic modelings were undertaken on six working fluids (R113, R134a, R600, R290, R1234yf, and HFE-143 m). Results show a maximum improvement of 17.8% in thermal efficiency and 17.6% in exergy efficiency when transitioning from the basic to the regenerative configuration. Furthermore, the regenerative configuration has about 43% less exergy destruction compared to the basic configuration.
A novel data-knowledge dual-driven model coupling artificial intelligence with a mineral systems approach for mineral prospectivity mapping
Authors: Zuo Renguang , Yang Fanfan , Cheng Qiuming , Kreuzer Oliver P.
Published: December 2024

Mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) is recognized as an essential tool for targeting new mineral deposits. MPM typically comprises two end-member approaches: knowledge-driven and data-driven. Knowledge-driven MPM relies on expert knowledge, which is based on causal relationships but is not readily adaptable to dynamic changes. Data-driven MPM is capable of identifying underlying data patterns but involves poorly interpretable decision logic. Combining the advantages of knowledge-driven and data-driven paradigms is a research frontier in MPM. In this study, we designed a data-knowledge dual-driven model coupling artificial intelligence (AI) with a mineral systems approach to MPM. This model can utilize mineral systems as a guideline for data-driven AI to reasonably implement data selection, proxy extraction, and model operation for MPM. The newly developed data-knowledge dual-driven model achieved superior predictive performance and offered better interpretability compared to pure data-driven MPM.
Conscientious objection: a global health perspective
Authors: Celie Karel-Bart , Symons Xavier , Kochheiser Makayla , Ayala Ruben , Lakhoo Kokila
Published: December 2024

Conscientious objection is a critical topic that has been sparsely discussed from a global health perspective, despite its special relevance to our inherently diverse field. In this Analysis paper, we argue that blanket prohibitions of a specific type of non-discriminatory conscientious objection are unjustified in the global health context. We begin both by introducing a nuanced account of conscience that is grounded in moral psychology and by providing an overview of discriminatory and non-discriminatory forms of objection. Next, we point to the frequently neglected but ubiquitous presence of moral uncertainty, which entails a need for epistemic humility—that is, an attitude that acknowledges the possibility one might be wrong. We build two arguments on moral uncertainty. First, if epistemic humility is necessary when dealing with values in theory (as appears to be the consensus in bioethics), then it will be even more necessary when these values are applied in the real world. Second, the emergence of global health from its colonial past requires special awareness of, and resistance to, moral imperialism. Absolutist attitudes towards disagreement are thus incompatible with global health’s dual aims of reducing inequity and emerging from colonialism. Indeed, the possibility of global bioethics (which balances respect for plurality with the goal of collective moral progress) hinges on appropriately acknowledging moral uncertainty when faced with inevitable disagreement. This is incompatible with blanket prohibitions of conscientious objection. As a brief final note, we distinguish conscientious objection from the problem of equitable access to care. We note that conflating the two may actually lead to a less equitable picture on the whole. We conclude by recommending that international consensus documents, such as the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, be amended to include nuanced guidelines regarding conscientious objection that can then be used as a template by regional and national policymaking bodies.
Accuracy of noninvasive total haemoglobin measurement for detecting anaemia in infants: a cross-sectional study in a well-child care clinic, Khon Kaen, Thailand
Authors: Saengnipanthkul Suchaorn , Tawiangnan Chamaiporn , Sirikarn Prapassara , Supasai Sakuntala , Sitthikarnkha Phanthila , Techasatian Leelawadee , Uppala Rattapon
Published: December 2024

Objective

Infants are at a high risk of developing anaemia, which can arise from various causes, including inappropriate feeding practices. However, few infants attend anaemia screening programmes due to poor cooperation and being time-consuming. This study evaluated the accuracy of noninvasive total haemoglobin (Hb) spot-check monitoring as part of anaemia screening in healthy infants, compared with the conventional laboratory method.

Design

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a consecutive sampling technique.

Setting

The study was carried out at the Well-Child Clinic, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.

Participants

Healthy, full-term infants aged 6–12 months who were scheduled for vaccination. Spectrophotometric haemoglobin (SpHb) was measured using Masimo Rad-67 with Rainbow DCI-mini Sensor. These values were compared with conventional laboratory analysis (HbLab) performed on the same day.

Primary and secondary outcome

Differences between Hb values using the two methods were analysed using the Bland–Altman method. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) for detecting anaemia were determined. Anaemia was defined as HbLab of <11.0 g/dL.

Results

A total of 104 infants, with a median age of 9.6 (IQR 9.3, 10.9) months, were included. The prevalence of anaemia, defined by HbLab, was 38.46%. The mean SpHb was 12.20±1.10 g/dL, while the mean HbLab was 11.19±1.21 g/dL. A moderate positive correlation was observed (r=0.575, p<0.001). Bland–Altman analysis of SpHb vs HbLab showed an estimated bias of 1.007 g/dL with a 95% limit of agreement ranging from −1.091 to 3.104 g/dL. The mean bias was 1.635 g/dL (−0.617 to 3.887) in the anaemic group and 0.614 g/dL (−0.964 to 2.192) in the nonanaemic group. Using the SpHb cut-off point of <13.0 g/dL, the sensitivity and specificity of SpHb to detect anaemia were 95.0% and 35.9%, with PPV and NPV of 48.1% and 92.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

A noninvasive tool for measuring Hb, with moderate sensitivity and NPV, may provide utility for initial screening to reduce unnecessary venipuncture in infants. However, its limited specificity and PPV necessitate confirmatory testing through conventional laboratory methods for accurate diagnosis. Depending on the context and available resources, it has potential to complement existing diagnostic processes, particularly in settings where rapid and noninvasive screening is prioritised.

Trial registration number

Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20210816002).
Scoping review of initiation criteria for inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants (born <34 weeks) after 7 days of age
Authors: Kato Shin , Minamitani Yohei , Hosokawa Miku , Nakashima Toshinori , Iwatani Sota , Hirata Katsuya , Oda Arata , Hanita Takushi , Miyata Masafumi , Namba Fumihiko , Ochiai Masayuki , Nakao Atsushi , Yoshimoto Seiji , Suzuki Daichi , Ota Erika , Nakanishi Hidehiko
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a known treatment for pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants after 7 days of age (postacute phase). However, a consensus regarding the optimal criteria for initiating iNO therapy in this population in the postacute phase is currently lacking. This study, therefore, aimed to identify the criteria for initiating iNO therapy, alongside the associated clinical and echocardiographic findings, in this population.

Design

We performed a scoping review using the population-concept-context framework following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase and the Japanese database ‘Ichushi’ were systematically searched for relevant articles published between January 2003 and August 2023.

Eligibility criteria

This study included randomised controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case–control studies and case series on iNO therapy in the postacute phase for preterm infants born before 34 gestational weeks, written in English or Japanese.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data screening, extraction and charting were performed independently, with the characteristics and findings of the included studies subsequently summarised.

Results

We included 10 reports that analysed the data from 10 separate studies. The use of iNO therapy was categorised as prophylactic and rescue purposes. While randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective analyses indicated the safety of iNO during the postacute phase, the latter highlighted poor prognoses associated with severe cases requiring rescue iNO therapy. Additionally, although echocardiography is currently the primary diagnostic tool for identifying PH in preterm infants, standardised diagnostic criteria are lacking. Further, reports of complications and side effects associated with iNO are rare.

Conclusion

Our exploration of the initiation criteria for iNO revealed that definitive guidelines have not been established. Nonetheless, iNO administration during the postacute phase appeared to be safe and devoid of complications.

Trial registration number

UMIN000051498.
Treating shock with norepinephrine administered in midline catheters in an intermediary care unit: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Karlsson Hanna , Afrasiabi Ajnaz , Ohlsson Marcus , Månsson Viktor , Hartman Hannes , Torisson Gustav
Published: December 2024

Objectives

A rising incidence of septic shock as well as recommendations for early vasopressor initiation has increased the number of patients eligible for norepinephrine (NE). Traditionally, NE has been administered through central lines, in intensive care units, due to the risk of extravasation in peripheral lines. The aim of the current study is to determine the rate of complications and patient outcomes when NE is administered through midline catheters (MCs) in intermediary care units (IMCUs).

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Three IMCUs in southern Sweden

Participants

Patients with septic shock who received NE through a MC from September 2020 through March 2023.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was a major complication to treatment, defined as extravasation of NE, catheter-associated venous thromboembolism and catheter-associated bloodstream infection (BSI). Secondary outcomes included patient outcomes after intermediary care (either deceased, discharged to regular ward care or intensive care) and the need for additional central lines.

Results

Of 474 eligible patients, 472 were included, with a median (IQR) age of 73.5 (65–80) years, with 281 (60%) men. The median (IQR) duration of NE infusion was 21 (9–38) hours, with a median (IQR) dosage of 0.12 (0.08–0.20) µg/kg/min. Major complications occurred in 12 cases (2.5%), with one suspected extravasation, seven thromboembolic events and four catheter-related BSIs. After intermediary care, 334 patients (71%) were discharged to regular ward care, 66 patients (14%) were escalated to intensive care and 72 (15%) died in intermediary care, of whom 69 had a documented ceiling of care decision. 100 patients (21%) received a central line.

Conclusion

NE administration in MCs was associated with a low rate of short-term complications and could decrease the need for central lines. MCs can enable the initial management of circulatory failure outside intensive care, but more studies are needed to determine the long-term value of IMCUs.

Trial registration number

NCT06121115.
Recognising the heterogeneity of Indigenous Peoples during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review across Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA
Authors: Lyeo Joonsoo Sean , Liberda Eric N , Ahmed Fatima , Charania Nadia A , Moriarity Robert J , Tsuji Leonard J , White Jerry P , Zuk Aleksandra M , Spence Nicholas D
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on the health of Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA, as reflected in the growing literature. However, Indigenous Peoples are often homogenised, with key differences often overlooked, failing to capture the complexity of issues and may lead to suboptimal public health policy-making. The objective of this review was to assess the extent to which the heterogeneity of the Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA has been reflected in COVID-19 research.

Design

This study took the form of a scoping review.

Data sources

Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for studies investigating COVID-19 pandemic outcomes among Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA. The search dates included January 2019 to January 2024.

Eligibility criteria

All citations yielded by this search were subjected to title and abstract screening, full-text review and data extraction. We included original, peer-reviewed research investigating COVID-19-related outcomes among Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Australia, New Zealand or the USA.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data extraction was conducted as an iterative process, reaching consensus between two of the study authors. All included studies were analysed through a combination of quantitative descriptive summary and qualitative thematic analysis.

Results

Of the 9795 citations found by the initial search, 428 citations were deemed eligible for inclusion. Of these citations: 72.9% compared Indigenous participants to non-Indigenous participants; 10.0% aggregated Indigenous and non-white participants; and 17.1% provided findings for Indigenous participants exclusively.

Conclusions

By overlooking the heterogeneity that exists among Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA, researchers and policy-makers run the risk of masking inequities and the unique needs of groups of Indigenous Peoples. This may lead to inefficient policy recommendations and unintentionally perpetuate health disparities during public health crises.
Long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants and risk of Parkinson’s disease: a population-based multipollutant model study
Authors: Chen Szu-Ju , Pan Shih-Chun , Wu Chih-Da , Li Hsun , Guo Yue Leon , Lin Chin-Hsien
Published: December 2024

Background

Recent evidence suggests brain-first Parkinson’s disease (PD) may start from the olfactory system, indicating potential inhalational exposure to causal agents. We investigated the impact of long-term exposure to various air pollutants on PD incidence using both single- and multi-pollutant models to account for interactions between pollutants.

Methods

This retrospective population study used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (2006 and 2018) and included individuals aged 40–65 without PD. Personal exposure levels to various air pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3, SO2and CO, were calculated using the hybrid Kriging/land-use regression method. Cox regression models were used to analyse the association between pollutants and PD incidence, adjusting for covariates.

Results

A total of 5 113 322 individuals without PD (mean age 50.1±6.9 years, 47.3% men) were followed for an average of 11.2±2.4 years, during which 20 694 incident cases of PD were identified. In the single-pollutant model, exposure to PM2.5(HR 2.65 (95% CI 2.59 to 2.72)), PM10(HR 3.13 (3.04 to 3.22)), NO2(HR 1.74 (1.68 to 1.80)) and SO2(HR 1.68 (1.65 to 1.71)) was associated with an increased risk of PD. These associations remained robust in the multipollutant model. A positive association between exposure to O3and an increased risk of PD (HR 1.29 (1.25–1.33)) was observed after adjusting for co-pollutants.

Conclusions

This nationwide cohort study employing multiple-pollutant models for considering the interaction effects revealed an association between exposure to multiple air pollutants and the risk of PD, emphasising the need for early prevention strategies.
Stability of evolving cluster of stars and exotic matter
Authors: Shahid Wasee , Manzoor Rubab , Mumtaz Saadia , Mardan Syed Ali , Malik Adnan
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses the phenomenon of evolving spherically symmetric cluster of stars in the presence of an exotic matter. To discuss evolutionary mechanism, we use the Starobinsky model of f(R) gravity as exotic matter and the structure scalars as evolutional parameters. We study various evolution modes such as isotropic pressure, quasi-homologous evolution, density homogeneity, and geodesic nature. The stability of homogeneous density of baryonic and non-baryonic matter is discussed using dissipation, tidal forces, anisotropic pressures, expansion and shear-effects. It is observed that the dark matter has remarkable impact on the evolutionary changes. Also, it is shown that the dissipation factor produces density inhomogeneity in expanding clusters with shear effects. We observe that high curvature geometry enhances quasi-homologous evolution in the presence of shear. We use star Her X-1 as test star to discuss physical behavior of Starobinsky model. It is found that the density of dark matter overcomes the density of matter for large values of dark matter parameter n.
Delving into uncharted isotones demonstrating neutron shell closure at N=126
Authors: Manjunatha H. C. , Sowmya N. , Damodara Gupta P. S. , Seenappa L. , Nagaraja A. M. , Reddi Rani L. , Sridhar K. N.
Published: December 2024

In our research, we have extensively investigated various decay modes including alpha, beta, proton, and spontaneous fission decay modes, focusing particularly on isotones characterized by [Formula: see text] and Z spanning from 53 to 100. Alpha-decay, one and two proton-decay half-lives were evaluated using an effective liquid drop model. Beta-decay and spontaneous fission half-lives have been evaluated using semi-empirical formulae. We observed notably shorter [Formula: see text] half-lives within the Z range of 53 to 81 and [Formula: see text]Pb is observed to be more stable. The prevalence of [Formula: see text]-decay half-lives was prominent for Z values ranging from 83 to 98, with the exception of [Formula: see text]At nuclei. Moreover, we identified two spontaneous fission emitters exhibiting half-lives ranging from microseconds to nanoseconds. Our analysis revealed significant neutron shell gaps at [Formula: see text], 66, 82 and 98 for [Formula: see text], pronounced shell structure indicative of relatively stable nuclei. Additionally, certain nuclei such as [Formula: see text]I, [Formula: see text]Au and [Formula: see text]U were found to exhibit lower stability compared to their neighboring nuclei. Our investigation led to the identification of 29 new isotones, comprising 22 [Formula: see text] emitters, five [Formula: see text] emitters and two spontaneous emitters. These newly identified isotones, synthesizable through fusion reactions, significantly contribute to advancing our comprehension of nuclear decay processes and isotonic behavior with [Formula: see text].
The structure of the Σ*Δ dibaryon in extended chiral SU(3) quark model
Authors: Zhang T. G.
Published: December 2024

In the extended chiral SU(3) quark model, we studied the structure of [Formula: see text] dibaryon with strangeness [Formula: see text]. Our research mainly focuses on three aspects: the contribution of vector mesons, the influence of the hidden-color channel (CC), and the stability of the system under the color screening effect. We found that the [Formula: see text] can form a bound dibaryon with a broad width. In the short-range interaction, the repulsive effect provided by vector [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] fields is quite similar to one-gluon-exchange (OGE) in the chiral SU(3) quark model. The CC effect promotes the formation of [Formula: see text] bound state. The binding properties are stable when different confining potentials are considered.
Fabrication of PMMA/SiO2 nanocomposite thin films: Optical and microwave radiation shielding properties
Authors: Soni Gyanesh , Bhargawa Nidhi , Kaur Jasleen
Published: December 2024

Incorporating SiO2 nanoparticles (SNPs) into Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices can significantly enhance the optical and microwave shielding properties of nanocomposite thin films. In this study, PMMA/SiO2 nanocomposite thin films (PSNTFs) with varying concentrations of SNPs (1–10[Formula: see text]wg%) were fabricated using the solution casting method. The morphology of the films was characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing SNP sizes between 11.90[Formula: see text]nm and 16.66[Formula: see text]nm. Optical absorption, extinction coefficient and optical conductivity were studied in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrum, showing a marked dependence on nanoparticle concentration. Additionally, microwave radiation shielding properties were evaluated, highlighting the potential application of these composites in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The results suggest that increasing SNP content improves optical and shielding efficiency, positioning these materials as promising candidates for advanced optoelectronic and microwave shielding applications.
The Proximity to Debt Covenant Violation and Earnings Management — A Neuroscience Evidence
Authors: Abdel-Maksoud Ahmed , HassabElnaby Hassan R. , Said Amal , Wang Xin
Published: December 2024

This study uses a neuroscience experimental approach to evaluate managerial decision-making processes with respect to the proximity of violating debt covenants. The literature on debt covenant violation and earnings management posits that managers have incentives to manage earnings upward in periods prior to or concurrent with default to avoid the significant costs of technical default. This study argues that this behavior could be ascribed to differences in managers’ cognitive functions of evaluating and processing the information in proximity to violating debt covenants. Neuroscience research demonstrates that the ventral striatum (VS) brain regions in the limbic system are responsible for integrating information related to emotion and motivation, facilitating goal-directed motor behaviors, and influencing cognitive function and decision-making. We investigate whether managers’ VS brain activation reacts to this emotion-related information during earnings management decisions. We utilize functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to conduct an experiment with 52 managers who undergo fMRI scanning while making decisions regarding debt covenant scenarios. We find an inverse relationship between the proximity to debt covenant violations and VS brain activation. The findings provide initial evidence that emotion-related information of proximity to debt covenant violation affects brain activation when managers engage in earnings management.
Storage Abstractions for SSDs: The Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Zhang Xiangqun , Bhimani Janki , Pei Shuyi , Lee Eunji , Lee Sungjin , Seong Yoon Jae , Kim Eui Jin , Choi Changho , Nam Eyee Hyun , Choi Jongmoo , Kim Bryan S.
Published: December 2024

This article traces the evolution of SSD (solid-state drive) interfaces, examining the transition from the block storage paradigm inherited from hard disk drives to SSD-specific standards customized to flash memory. Early SSDs conformed to the block abstraction for compatibility with the existing software storage stack, but studies and deployments show that this limits the performance potential for SSDs. As a result, new SSD-specific interface standards emerged to not only capitalize on the low latency and abundant internal parallelism of SSDs, but also include new command sets that diverge from the longstanding block abstraction.

We first describe flash memory technology in the context of the block storage abstraction and the components within an SSD that provide the block storage illusion. We then describe the genealogy and relationships among academic research and industry standardization efforts for SSDs, along with some of their rise and fall in popularity. We classify these works into four evolving branches: (1) extending block abstraction with host-SSD hints/directives; (2) enhancing host-level control over SSDs; (3) offloading host-level management to SSDs; and (4) making SSDs byte-addressable. By dissecting these trajectories, the article also sheds light on the emerging challenges and opportunities, providing a roadmap for future research and development in SSD technologies.
Evaluating Language Models for Assessing Counselor Reflections
Authors: Min Do June , Pérez-Rosas Verónica , Resnicow Kenneth , Mihalcea Rada
Published: December 2024

Reflective listening is a fundamental communication skill in behavioral health counseling. It enables counselors to demonstrate an understanding of and empathy for clients’ experiences and concerns. Training to acquire and refine reflective listening skills is essential for counseling proficiency. Yet, it faces significant barriers, notably the need for specialized and timely feedback to improve counseling skills. In this work, we evaluate and compare several computational models, including transformer-based architectures, for their ability to assess the quality of counselors’ reflective listening skills. We explore a spectrum of neural-based models, ranging from compact, specialized RoBERTa models to advanced large-scale language models such as Flan, Mistral, and GPT-3.5, to score psychotherapy reflections. We introduce a psychotherapy dataset that encompasses three basic levels of reflective listening skills. Through comparative experiments, we show that a finetuned small RoBERTa model with a custom learning objective (Prompt-Aware margIn Ranking (PAIR)) effectively provides constructive feedback to counselors in training. This study also highlights the potential of machine learning in enhancing the training process for motivational interviewing (MI) by offering scalable and effective feedback alternatives for counseling training.
Beneficial Impact of Selenate/Selenide Additives on the Performance and Longevity of the Alkaline Iron Electrode
Authors: Tomar Yeshvi , Rajan Aravamuthan Sundar , Irshad Ahamed , Mitra Debanjan , Narayanan S. R. , Prakash G. K. Surya
Published: December 2024

The alkaline iron electrode is an inexpensive and robust negative electrode particularly suited for long-life large-scale energy storage batteries. The longevity of a high-performance iron electrode is limited by the amount of added metal sulfide additive in the electrode. Over years of operation, all the sulfide ion is gradually lost from the electrode by slow dissolution and irreversible oxidation to sulfate ions at the positive electrode. We show that iron selenide (FeSe) additive or an electrolyte containing 0.1 w v−1% sodium selenate (2.7 mM) can provide the same benefits of sulfides but without irreversible losses. The selenates are electro-reduced in situ to regenerate the selenides and preserve the performance. Through our studies of the electrochemistry of selenate/selenide in the alkaline electrolyte, and with repeated cycling of battery electrodes, we have demonstrated the performance benefits of selenate/selenide additives over the traditional sulfides for the alkaline iron electrode.
Bifurcation in a G0 Model of Hematological Stem Cells With Delay
Authors: Suqi Ma , Hogan S. J.
Published: December 2024

The periodical dynamics of a G0 cell cycle model of pluripotential stem cells is analyzed by DDE‐Biftool software. The cell cycle model is impressed by modeling the optional choice of Hill function, which is benefited by Fourier transformation. The cell cycle is based on DDEs with distributed time delay, in which the kernel function is denoted by Gamma‐distribution expression. Hopf bifurcation of the linear version of the cell cycle model with distribution time delay is analyzed analytically. The periodical solution continuation is simulated by the artificial handbook of DDE‐Biftool software. With the discrete time delay, the complex behavior of adding‐period bifurcation and period‐doubling bifurcation are simulated. With distribution time delay, the continuation work of the homoclinic solution is done, and the homoclinic bifurcation line crosses the generalized Hopf point nearly.

JEL Classification: 34C25, 34K18, 37G15
Exploring the Research Focus of RNA‐Binding Proteins in Trauma and Burns
Authors: Xie Sujie , Liu Yifan , Zhang Wei , Lu Jianyu , Tong Xirui , Huang Jie , Zhu Yushu , Wu Minjuan , Guo Xinya , Sun Hanlin , Gu Minyi , Jiang Luofeng , Xian Shuyuan , Huang Runzhi , Xia Zhaofan , Ji Shizhao
Published: December 2024

Background: Trauma and burns are leading causes of death and significant global health concerns. RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in post‐transcriptional gene regulation, influencing various biological processes of cellular RNAs. This study aims to review the emerging trends and key areas of research on RBPs in the context of trauma and burns.

Methods: A series of relevant articles were manually reviewed, and scientific publications on RBPs related to trauma and burns were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on May 19, 2024. Bibliometric analysis was performed using R‐bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct the meta‐analysis, followed by a comprehensive review of the selected papers.

Results: A total of 539 publications were identified from 2000 to 2024. China was the most productive and collaborative country, with Zhang Y being the most prolific author and PLoS One being the leading publication source. Keyword analysis revealed four distinct clusters. The thematic analysis identified eight key topics, including “RNA‐binding proteins,” “traumatic brain injury,” and “inflammation.” Four studies involving 5.976 patients were included in the final meta‐analysis, which indicated a correlation between RBP expression levels and poor prognosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Conclusion: Our findings provide valuable insights into the developing trends and key areas of research on RBPs in trauma and burns. Notably, we identified two primary hotspots: RBPs in the pathophysiological mechanisms of various traumatic injuries and RBPs in the processes of cutaneous wound healing. This rapidly evolving field offers significant reference points for scientific researchers and clinical practitioners.
Genistein Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) Juveniles
Authors: Zhou Xiao-qian , Shi Zi-yan , Chen Hai-hong , Xiao Xin , Xu Dan , Dan Zhi-jie
Published: December 2024

The antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory functions of genistein (GEN) and the regulatory mechanisms have been intensively investigated in mammals; however, there was a paucity of studies in aquatic animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of GEN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) juveniles. Turbots (20 g body weight) were intraperitoneally injected with PBS (the Control group), LPS (50 μg/g), and LPS (50 μg/g) + GEN (0.05, 0.5 and 5 μg/g), respectively. Results showed that the content of the total bilirubin, the activities of the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased with increasing levels of GEN injection (p < 0.05). Results exhibited that hepatic proinflammatory factors, oxidative stress‐related factors, and apoptotic factors mRNA expression were significantly upregulated after intraperitoneal injection of LPS in turbot, compared with the Control group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the mRNA expressions of these apoptosis‐ and inflammation‐related factors showed significant linear or quadratic terms of downregulation with increasing levels of GEN injection (p < 0.05) and almost reached the lowest values at 0.5 μg/g or 5 μg/g of GEN injection levels. The symptoms of LPS‐induced disorganization of hepatocyte arrangement, vacuolization of hepatocytes, and inner mitochondrial cristae damage in turbot were significantly improved after GEN injection. Furthermore, the main signaling pathways associated with inflammation included Herpes simplex virus 1 infection, RIG‐I‐like receptor, NOD‐like receptor, C‐type lectin receptor, and p53 signaling pathways. Moreover, results of weighted correlation network analysis indicated that vascular endothelial growth factor A–A (vegfaa) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) were likely to be hub genes. Meanwhile, mRNA expressions of vegfaa, vegfab, stat1, stat2, stat3, stat4, stat5a, and stat5b exhibited significantly linear or quadratic downregulation with increasing levels of GEN injection (p < 0.05). The above results confirmed that intraperitoneal injection of GEN significantly alleviated LPS‐induced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in turbot, and vegfaa and stat3 possibly play a key role in this process.
Freestanding ZIF‐9‐Derived Cobalt Carbon Nanofibers for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Gao Hao , Cheng Xinyue , Joshi Bhavana , Samuel Edmund , Zhang Jian , Aldalbahi Ali , Periyasami Govindasami , Lee Hae-Seok , Wei Qufu , Yoon Sam S.
Published: December 2024

A zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐9) was synthesized via solvothermal reaction using cobalt (Co) salt and benzimidazole ligands in the presence of polyacrylonitrile. The precursor was electrospun to form carbon nanofibers (CNFs) creating freestanding, binder‐free supercapacitor electrodes. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and NaCl were added to the precursor solution to reduce fiber diameter and improve structural integrity during high‐temperature annealing. The Co/CNF sample achieved an areal capacitance of 316 mF cm−2 and an energy density of 0.043 mWh cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. The addition of NaCl and PVP reduced fiber diameter by 30% and increased capacitance by 3.6 times. The optimal sample maintained 96.2% of its capacitance over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles, demonstrating strong electrochemical stability. Symmetrical pouch cells with the developed electrodes powered a light‐emitting diode and a humidity/temperature sensor, demonstrating their potential in portable electronics.
Study on the Vortex‐Induced Vibration Performance of the LSOB Girder of a Valley‐Crossing Suspensions Bridge
Authors: Ji Weihong , Lin Yu , Yang Shaopeng , Huang Lin
Published: December 2024

The lower semi‐open box (LSOB) girder is widely used in large‐span bridges due to its favorable stress performance and cost‐effectiveness. The vortex‐induced vibration (VIV) of the LSOB girder was studied by using a 1:55 section model wind tunnel test. The test results show that there are obvious vertical and torsional VIV intervals with significant amplitudes at each angle of attack with the damping ratios of about 0.35%. The CFD numerical simulations indicate that VIVs of LSOB girders are mainly induced by two types of vortices: one at the inclined webs of leeward wind nozzles and another at the upstream upper surfaces of the deck. Conventional aerodynamic vibration suppression measures, such as the lower central stabilizing plate and the guide vane at the gantry rail, demonstrate that the lower central stabilizing plate can reduce the VIV response at all wind angles of attack, decreasing vertical amplitude by 40%–50% and torsional amplitude by 10%–25%. Although adding a guide vane further optimizes the VIV performance, its effect is limited. Installing the lower central stabilizing plate helps redistribute vortices below the girder, transforming large vortices into smaller ones, most of which do not detach, thereby reducing vortex shedding intensity in the wake area. The bilateral guide vanes at the maintenance car track further weaken the wake vortices at the diagonal webs on the leeward side.
Seismic Response Mitigation of Steel‐Concrete Hybrid Wind Turbine Tower by Using Isolation Bearings and Distributed Tuned Mass Dampers
Authors: Zhang Dongliang , Li Tianhao , Fu Kun , Peng Ziteng , Zhao Chu , Huang Cirong
Published: December 2024

The onshore wind turbines are gradually developing with the aim of large single‐unit capacity, large impeller diameter, and higher towers. The steel–concrete hybrid tubular tower structure is the mainstream structure of high‐hub towers, whose lower part is a concrete tower tube and the upper part a steel tower tube. Also, there is no doubt that more and more wind turbines will work in harsh environments and seismic hazard zones. Based on the abovementioned two points, it is necessary to mitigate the dynamic responses of onshore wind turbines to ensure the safety of these structures. This paper studied the base‐isolated method, story‐isolation method, and three types of tuned mass dampers damping method: single tuned mass dampers (STMDs), multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs), and distributed‐tuned mass dampers (D‐MTMDs), to explore the response characteristics of the steel–concrete hybrid tubular tower under seismic loads. The results show that the base‐isolated structure can greatly reduce the bending moment and shear response of the upper steel tower tube, while the story‐isolated structure has a very good effect on reducing the structural displacement response. In the three tuned mass dampers damping method, D‐MTMDs have stable and effective control capacity, compared with STMD and MTMDs.