bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Irregularities in the Distribution of Matter: Newtonian Approximation
Authors: Peebles P. J. E.
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the behavior of a given mass distribution in the Newtonian approximation. Discussion of how irregularities in the matter distribution behave in an expanding universe is greatly simplified by the fact that a limiting approximation of general relativity, Newtonian mechanics, applies in a region small compared to the Hubble length. The rest of the universe can affect the region only through a tidal field. Though the point was clearly made by Georges Lemaître, it has not always been recognized that the Newtonian approximation is not a model but a limiting case valid no matter what is happening in the distant parts of the universe. Because of the importance of this result, the chapter discusses it at some length.
Argument of Against the Death Penalty
Authors: Pelli Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

This chapter outlines the different views and arguments of Giuseppe Pelli's unfinished dissertation of Against the Death Penalty. It provides an analysis of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Discourses 'on the Sciences and Arts' and 'on Inequality', and Pelli's early indication of lack of sympathy with Transalpine Enlightenment philosophers, with the exception of Montesquieu. The natural law philosophers and jurists from Hugo Grotius provided the main foundation and stimulation for his own ideas. Pelli reveals himself as a close reader of, among others, Grotius, Heineccius, the Cocceji father and son and Vattel. The chapter also highlights Pelli's deep pessimism about human nature, and inclination to moralizing. Here he labels the punishment by execution of the 'vicious' as itself a vice, having its origins in the 'general corruption' of our hearts, our innate tendency to give way to capricious anger, cruelty and malice. Ultimately, in the course of his treatise, it explains his humanitarian instincts and motives and how his commitment to his cause come to the fore. But he is also insistent that his case rests on rational argumentation.
Initialization and Extension (Theorems M6, M7, M8)
Authors: Klainerman Sergiu , Szeftel Jérémie
Published: May 2021

This chapter focuses on the proof for Theorem M6 concerning initialization, Theorem M7 concerning extension, and Theorem M8 concerning the improvement of higher order weighted energies. It first improves the bootstrap assumptions on decay estimates. The chapter then improves the bootstrap assumptions on energies and weighted energies for R and Γ‎ relying on an iterative procedure which recovers derivatives one by one. It also outlines the norms for measuring weighted energies for curvature components and Ricci coefficients. To prove Theorem M8, the chapter relies on Propositions 8.11, 8.12, and 8.13. Among these propositions, only the last two involve the dangerous boundary term.
GCM Procedure
Authors: Klainerman Sergiu , Szeftel Jérémie
Published: May 2021

This chapter describes the general covariant modulation (GCM) procedure in detail. It considers an axially symmetric polarized spacetime region R foliated by two functions (u, s) such that: on R, (u, s) defines an outgoing geodesic foliation as in section 2.2.4. The chapter then outlines the elliptic Hodge lemma. It also looks at the deformations of S surfaces, frame transformations, and the existence of GCM spheres. It recalls the transformation formulas recorded in Proposition 2.90, before rewriting a subset of these transformations in a more useful form. In the proof of existence and uniqueness of GCMS, one needs, in addition to the equations derived so far, an equation for the average of α‎. Finally, the chapter discusses the construction of GCM hypersurfaces.
Regge-Wheeler Type Equations
Authors: Klainerman Sergiu , Szeftel Jérémie
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores estimates for Regge-Wheeler type wave equations used in Theorem M1. It first proves basic Morawetz estimates for ψ‎. The chapter then proves rp-weighted estimates in the spirit of Dafermos and Rodnianski for ψ‎. In particular, it obtains as an immediate corollary the proof of Theorem 5.17 in the case s = 0 (i.e., without commutating the equation of ψ‎ with derivatives). It also uses a variation of the method of [5] to derive slightly stronger weighted estimates and prove Theorem 5.18 in the case s = 0. Finally, commuting the equation of ψ‎ with derivatives, the chapter completes the proof of Theorem 5.17 by controlling higher order derivatives of ψ‎.
CHARACTERIZATIONS OF Trichoderma sp. AND ITS EFFECT ON Ralstonia solanacearum OF TOBACCO SEEDLINGS
Authors: Sutarman Sutarman , Jalaluddin Ahmad Khafidh , Li’aini Arrohmatus Syafaqoh , Prihatiningrum Andriani Eko
Published: May 2021

Characterizations of Trichoderma sp. and its effect on Ralstonia solanacearum of tobacco seedlings. This study aims todetermine the molecular-based characteristics of Trichoderma sp. Tc-Jjr-02 and its effect as a biocontrol agent in protecting tobaccoseedlings against bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum. The characterization of biocontrol agents was based on morphologicaland molecular data’s observation using microscope and the key of determination. The in vivo experiments was consist of fivetreatments: (1) inoculation of Trichoderma isolates at six hours before R. solanacearum inoculation, (2) inoculation of Trichodermaisolates at six hours after R. solanacearum inoculation (3) simultaneous inoculation of Trichoderma isolates and R. solanacearum,(4) inoculated only with R. solanacearum, and (5) without any inoculation. The experiment was repeated six times. Based onBLAST’s analysis, the Tc-Jjr-02 sequence is in accordance with T. asperellum with 100% Query Cover. Inoculation of T. asperellumTc-Jjr-02 at six hours before and after and simultaneously with pathogens providing protection for young tobacco plants by slowingdown the time for the onset of blight by 100–162%, reducing the symptom index by 56–63%, and increasing the dry weight of plantbiomass by 39–53% compared to tobacco seeds which were only inoculated with R. solanacearum.
Response of the Leek (Allium porrum)-Mycorrhizal Fungus Symbiosis to Cutting Levels, Light Exposure and Seedling Density
Authors: Nowo Nekou G. , Sontsa-Donhoung A.-M. , Hawaou . , Bahdjolbe M. , Tobolbaï R. , Nwaga D.
Published: May 2021

This work aims to assess the leek-arbuscular fungus symbiosis response to the effect of cutting and light exposure on the one hand, and the impact of seedling density on this symbiosis on the other hand. Allium Porrum was grown in a container in two different trials. Four species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus hoi, Scutellospora gregaria, Rhizophagus intraradices and Gigaspora margarita were used to constitute the mycorrhizal inoculum. After 150 days of growth and inoculation, a series of cuts were made on the aerial part (0% = zero cut, 50% = half cut, 100% = whole cut). Plants that had undergone these treatments were placed in shade and sun for 30 days. The leek density per bag was varied by the order of 1, 2, 3 and 4 plant (s) by the pocket density test. Results showed that for 0% of cut in the shade, the vesicle occurrence decreases from 83.33% to 52.22%, and from 90% to 25.5% for 50% of cut in the shade. On the other hand, there is a significant increase in intra-root spores for a complete cut compared to other levels of cuts. For extra-root sporulation, under light, cuts have a negative and weak effect (from -11 to -3%) while in the absence of light, cuts have significant positive effects (from +16 to +61%). Regarding seedling density, the best root colonization (90%) and biomass production (14 g) are obtained with three plants per pot, but it is rather with a density of two plants per pot that extra-root sporulation is higher (153 spores/g). Variation in light, cut level and density significantly affects the development of mycorrhizal fungi.
Effect of Backhaul Technologies on 3G Network Performance: A Case Study of Ado-Ekiti
Authors: Ayoola S. T. , Olasoji Y. O. , Adedeji K. B. , Olebu C. G. , Busari S. A. , Popoola J. J.
Published: May 2021

In the past years, when wireless network improvement occurs from 1G/2G to third generation (3G), the rate in the use of real-time traffic oriented applications for voice, video and data increases. Consequently, the bandwidth to be backhauled from the cell site to the mobile switching center increases rapidly. 3G network is most prevalent in Nigeria with wide area of coverage. However, in recent times, poor subscribers’ mobile broadband experience is still the major challenge faced by many GSM operators. One of the major causes of this challenge is the use of wrong backhaul for radio access network (RAN). This lead to poor traffic throughput, high packet loss or frame loss at the cell edge. To overcome this challenge, the use of appropriate backhaul technology is crucial. Third Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) recommends the use of either asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) or internet protocol (IP) as the backhaul technologies for its RAN. This paper presents the performance analysis and the comparison of the ATM RAN and IP RAN backhaul technologies using six different 3G sites (with 3G base stations) located at Ado local government area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The performance of each base station with different backhaul technology was evaluated in term of average maximum throughput per day. The effect of frame loss (for ATM RAN network) and packet loss (for IP RAN network) on traffic throughput were also analyzed. The comparison of the overall result analysis shows that the 3G base stations with IP-based RAN backhaul has better performance than the base station with ATM-based RAN backhaul.
Political Discourse on China's Stigmatization in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Arsentyeva I. I.
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased interest in studying social stigma. The concept of stigma is also included in political discourse, as evidenced, among other things, by Xi Jinping’s speeches, in which the Chinese President urges to abandon further politicization and stigmatization of COVID-19. In this regard, the main aim of the article is to analyze the correlation between the novel coronavirus and stigmatization, not only from the traditional point of view (stigma associated with certain diseases), but also in terms of world politics. To explain the nature of social stigma, the author relies on evolutionary psychol- ogy, terror management theory and social identity theory. To analyze ongoing processes in international relations, some provisions of “rogue states” concept, leadership theories, and biopolitics are applied. The primary sources are documents of the World Health Organiza- tion (WHO) and the Group of Seven (G7), statements by UN and WHO officials, speeches of Chinese President Xi Jinping and US President Donald Trump, public opinion polls, and media publications. During the course of the study, the following scientific results were ob- tained: the works on COVID-19-related stigma have been systematized, the issues consid- ered in them and research gaps are highlighted; the consequences of stigma due the novel coronavirus have been summarized; some differences between stigma during the pandem- ic and stigma associated with other diseases are also identified; it is suggested to consider COVID-19 stigma not only at the level of interpersonal interactions, but also in international relations; the possible impact of the pandemic on the China’s role on the world stage has been revealed. It is concluded that this research approach allows to take a fresh look at the possibility of restoring ties between states and their citizens in a post-COVID-19 world, as well as to assess the likelihood of a change of global leader. In the final part of the article, possible ways of further development of the situation are predicted and prospects for study on the issue are outlined.
Concepts for reconstruction of the maritime economy of the polish underground state...in the years 1940–1944
Authors: Chrzanowski Bogdan
Published: May 2021

The regaining of the country’s independence, and then its revival after the war damages, including itseconomic infrastructure – these were the tasks set by the Polish government in exile, first in Paris and thenin London. The maritime economy was to play an important role here. The Polish government was fullyaware of the enormous economic and strategic benefits resulting from the fact that it had a coast, withthe port of Gdynia before the war. It was assumed that both in Gdynia and in the ports that were to belongto Poland after the war: Szczecin, Kołobrzeg, Gdańsk, Elbląg, Królewiec, the economic structure was to betransformed, and they were to become the supply points for Central and Eastern Europe. Work on thereconstruction of the post-war maritime economy was mainly carried out by the Ministry of Industry, Tradeand Shipping. In London, in 1942–1943, a number of government projects were set up to rebuild the entiremaritime infrastructure. All projects undertaken in exile were related to activities carried out by individualunderground divisions of the Polish Underground State domestically, i.e. the “Alfa” Naval Department of theHome Army Headquarters, the Maritime Department of the Military Bureau of Industry and Trade of the Headof the Military Bureau of the Home Army Headquarters and the Maritime Department of the Departmentof Industry Trade and Trade Delegation of the Government of the Republic of Poland in Poland. The abovementionedorganizational units also prepared plans for the reconstruction of the maritime economy, and theprojects developed in London were sent to the country. They collaborated here and a platform for mutualunderstanding was found.
PENGARUH AGRESIVITAS PAJAK TERHADAP REAKSI PASAR DENGAN DEWAN KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Holly Anthony
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh agresivitas pajak terhadap Reaksi Pasar dengan Dewan Komisaris Independen sebagai variabel moderasi. Reaksi pasar yang tinggi dan rendah dapat dipengaruhi oleh agresivitas pajak. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh agrsivitas pajak terhadap reaksi pasar dan untuk menemukan jika dewan komisaris independen dapat melemahkan atau memperkuat hubungan agrsivitas pajak terhadap reaksi pasar. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode observasi pada perusahaan-perusahaan non keuangan yang teraftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2015-2017. Populasi penelitian ini sebanayak 559 perusahaan. Sampel dipilih menggunakan teknik sampel bertujuan, sehingga total sampel sebanyak 125 perusahaan diperoleh. Analisis regresi moderasi (MRA) digunakan pada penelitian ini. Hasilnya mengindikasikan bahwa agrsivitas pajak memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap reaksi pasar. Dewan Komisaris Independen memperkuat hubungan antara agresivitas pajak dan reaksi pasar.
BAGAIMANA REAKSI PASAR TERHADAP PERISTIWA AMANDEMEN AKUNTANSI IMBALAN KERJA
Authors: Putri Rahmi Izzati , Haymawan Iman
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to see the market reaction before and after the event of the work imbalance accounting amendment ratification. This study uses a total of 311 observations of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2013 and uses the Event Study research approach and Paired Sample T-test analysis techniques to test differences in market reactions as indicated by Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) before and after. event ratification of the work imbalance accounting amendment. This study found that there was a positive and significant difference in CAR between before and after the event of ratification of the work imbalance accounting amendment. This research has implications for investors to get a picture of the market reaction that occurs as a result of the ratification of the work imbalance accounting amendment. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in market reactions between prior to the ratification of the work imbalance accounting amendment
Avaliação dos aspectos citológicos e laboratoriais da leucemia linfoide aguda
Authors: Moreira Fabiana Leandro , Pereira Ferreira Itamara Regina , Rosário Wilian Reis , Santos Pereira Domingos Magno , Casarin Jeferson Noslen , Silva Figueiredo Cristiane Santos Silva e
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar e analisar os aspectos citológicos da leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA), além dos marcadores imunológicos da LLA e correlacionar os métodos laboratoriais com as fases da LLA. Revisão bibliográfica: A leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA) é um câncer de neoplasia maligna que atinge na infância e adolescência de 2-5 anos (80%) dos casos e em adultos acima de 60 anos (20%) dos casos, acometendo as células hematopoiéticas da linhagem linfoide, ocorrendo a multiplicação de células blásticas que ocasionam o acúmulo de células jovens na medula óssea. Para a avaliação dos aspectos citológicos das células é realizado uma análise por técnicas citológicas e laboratoriais por meio de exames de hemograma, imunofenotipagem, mielograma, métodos citoquímicos e citogenéticos. Considerações finais: As avaliações morfológicas da LLA, contribui para a identificação e classificação da linhagem B ou T das leucemias, com o uso das técnicas citológicas avaliam as características das células leucêmicas para a diferenciação através de técnicas laboratoriais, resultando no diagnóstico preciso. É importante o início rápido do tratamento para um diagnóstico precoce da patologia para garantir melhor qualidade de vida do paciente.
ТЕПЛООБМЕН ЭЛЕКТРОПРОВОДНОЙ ЖИДКОСТИ ПРИ МАЛЫХ ЗНАЧЕНИЯХ магнитного числа рейнольдса
Authors: Соловьев С.В. , Соловьева Т.С.
Published: May 2021

Представлены результаты численного моделирования нестационарного конвективного теплообмена и магнитной гидродинамики электропроводной жидкости в сферическом слое. Исследовано влияние магнитного числа Рейнольдса на эволюцию структуры течения жидкости, поле температуры, магнитной индукции и распределение чисел Нуссельта.

The results of numerical simulation of unsteady convective heat transfer and magneto hydrodynamics of an electrically conductive fluid in a spherical layer are presented. The influence of the magnetic Reynolds number on the evolution of the structure of the fluid flow, the temperature field, magnetic induction, and the distribution of the Nusselt numbers is investigated.
АНАЛИЗ ПЕРЕХОДА ИЗ СИСТЕМЫ КАДРОВОГО И БУХГАЛТЕРСКОГО УЧЕТА «А1-ПЕРСОНАЛ» В СИСТЕМУ «1С» на предприятии
Authors: Борсук Н.А. , Бояровская А.В.
Published: May 2021

Проблема перехода из используемых устаревших систем на предприятиях становится с каждым годом все более актуальной. Многие системы, разработанные десятилетиями назад, на сегодняшний день перестают в полной мере отвечать управленческим и производственным задачам. Система электронного документооборота, кадрового и бухгалтерского учета, а также управление данной системой является значимой частью в функционировании современного предприятия. Такая система учета обеспечивает эффективность управления предприятием за счет получения всех необходимых документов по кадровому учету и финансовому расчету персонала. На одном из предприятий Калужской области была поставлена задача перехода из системы кадрового и бухгалтерского учета «А1-Персонал» в систему «1С» с целью оптимизации бухгалтерского и учетного процесса. Целью данной работы является изучение и анализ автоматизации процесса кадрового и бухгалтерского учета на предприятии с переходом в систему «1С». В качестве программной системы предполагается использование «1С:Зарплата и управление персоналом 8». В данной статье рассматривается программный комплекс «А1-Персонал», который на данный момент функционирует на предприятии, приводятся отдельные особенности работы в этой системе, и описываются этапы перехода на систему «1С:Зарплата и управление персоналом 8». Особое внимание уделяется вопросу переноса данных из системы «А1-Персонал» в систему на базе платформы «1С». В результате делается вывод о том, что система «1С:Зарплата и управление персоналом8» является оптимальным решением в качестве новой системы бухгалтерского и кадрового учета на предприятии.

The article is devoted to the problem of increasing the efficiency of personnel and accounting at an enterprise in the Kaluga region. The purpose of this work is to study and analyze the automation of the process of personnel and accounting at the enterprise with the transition to the «1C» system. It is supposed to use «1C:Salary and personnel management 8» as a software system. This article discusses the «A1-Personnel» software package, which is currently operating at the enterprise, provides some features of work in this system, and describes the stages of transition to the «1C:Salary and personnel management 8» system. Particular attention is paid to the issue of data transfer from the «A1-Personnel» system to the system based on the «1C» platform. As a result, it is concluded that the system «1C: Salary and personnel management8» is the optimal solution as a new system of accounting and personnel records at the enterprise.
Исследование реологии водонефтяных эмульсий при отрицательных температурах
Authors: Жижова Н.И. , Баталина Л.С. , Косицына С.С. , Бурюкин Ф.А.
Published: May 2021

В той или иной степени, все предприятия, осуществляющие добычу, транспорт и хранение нефти в емкостях, сталкиваются с необходимостью утилизации устойчивых эмульсий промежуточного слоя. С учетом климатических условий северных регионов имеются особенности в процессах образования, разделения, переработки стойких водонефтяных эмульсий. Исследование вязкостно-температурных свойств и температуры застывания позволит разработать эффективные технологические решения по их хранению и внутрипромысловой перекачке. В работе представлены результаты измерения вязкости эмульсий нефтей Ванкорского, Тагульского, Куюмбинского месторождений, различающихся по химическому составу и исходной вязкости, и соответствующих пластовых вод с содержанием от 10 до 50 % об., при температурах от плюс 20 оС до температуры застывания, а также после выдержки в течение 7 суток при отрицательных температурах.

All companies producing, storing, or transporting oil, to one degree or another, face the negative consequences of the formation of stable oil-water emulsions. Due to the climatic conditions of the northern regions, there are peculiarities in the processes of formation, separation, processing of persistent oil-water emulsions. The study of the viscosity and pour point of emulsions will make it possible to develop effective technological solutions for the storage and pumping of such emulsions in the field. The article presents the results of measuring the viscosity of emulsions of oils from Vankorskoye, Tagulskoye, Kuyumbinskoye fields, differing in chemical composition and initial viscosity, and corresponding formation waters with a content of 10 to 50 vol.%. at a temperature from plus 20 ° C to the solidification point, as well as after thermostating for 7 days at negative temperatures.
Программа расчета КОЭФФИЦИЕНТов АСИММЕТРИИ АЭРОЗОЛЬНОГО РАССЕЯНИЯ в красной и ближней ИК областях спектра
Authors: Пашнев В.В. , Матющенко Ю.Я. , Белозерских В.В. , Калачев А.В.
Published: May 2021

В настоящей работе представлено программное обеспечение, реализующее методику определения аэрозольного коэффициента асимметрии из результатов наблюдений интегрального коэффициента рассеянных световых потоков, оптической толщи и альбедо местности интерполяционным путем без применения аппарата решения обратных задач. В качестве исходных используются данные измерений углового хода яркости дневного безоблачного неба в солнечном альмукантарате при разной спектральной прозрачности атмосферы и альбедо подстилающей поверхности. Наблюдения выполняются в длинах волн 675, 870 и 1020 нм при зенитных углах Солнца 65÷750, при этом яркость может измеряться в любых единицах, включая непосредственно отсчеты фотометра. При обработке результатов мониторинговых наблюдений даже на одной длине волны требуется производить значительное количество однотипных вычислений, что делает задачу автоматизации расчетов атмосферных параметров, в частности, коэффициентов асимметрии, безусловно актуальной. Изложены требования к входным данным, представлена блок-схема алгоритма и описание интерфейса пользователя программы. Результаты расчетов выводятся в табличной форме. Программаобеспечивает приемлемую погрешность определения коэффициентов асимметрии и может быть использована в геофизике и климатологии при проведении расчетов поступления рассеянной солнечной радиации на земную поверхность с целью последующей оценки размеров частиц.

In this paper, software is presented that implements the method for determining the aerosol asymmetry coefficient from the results of observations of the integral coefficient of scattered light fluxes, optical depth and albedo of the terrain by interpolation without using an apparatus for solving inverse problems. The data of measurements of the angular variation of the brightness of the daytime cloudless sky in the solar almucantar with different spectral transparency of the atmosphere and the albedo of the underlying surface are used as the initial data. Observations are carried out at wavelengths of 675, 870 and 1020 nm at zenith angles of the Sun 65 ÷ 750, while the brightness can be measured in any unit, including directly the readings of the photometer. When processing the results of monitoring observations, even at one wavelength, it is required to perform a significant number of calculations of the same type, which makes the task of automating the calculations of atmospheric parameters, in particular, the asymmetry coefficients, undoubtedly relevant. Requirements for the input data are stated, a block diagram of the algorithm and a description of the user interface of the program are presented. The calculation results are displayed in tabular form. The program provides an acceptable error in determining the asymmetry coefficients and can be used in geophysics and climatology when calculating the arrival of scattered solar radiation on the earth's surface in order to further estimate the particle size.
СОНОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СИНТЕЗ ЙОДИДА СВИНЦА
Authors: Верещагин А.Л. , Кудряшова О.Б. , Морозова Е.А. , Бычин Н.В. , Паседкина А.Н.
Published: May 2021

Йодид свинца образовывался при дозировании 0,02 М раствора KI в эквивалентное количество 0,01 М Pb(CH3COO)2 при комнатной температуре (с добавлением уксусной кислоты) и при ультразвуковом облучении с интенсивностью 8 или 16 Вт/см2. Установлено, что морфология частиц PbI2 образующегося при ультразвуковом облучении определяется рН среды. При рН 2,8…2,9 имеет место увеличение размера частиц в результате сварки вследствие столкновения частиц. Методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии обнаружены следы оплавления частиц и следы соударений. При рН 4,5…4,6 происходит диспергирование частиц вследствие соногидролиза и образования PbI(OH). Морфология образующихся частиц также зависит от способа получения: при дозировании йодида калия в раствор ацетата свинца образуются звездообразные структуры, при перекристаллизации – гексагональные пластины – во всех случаях размером порядка 10 мкм.

Lead iodide was formed by dosing 0.02 M KI solution into an equivalent amount of 0.01 M Pb (CH3COO) 2 at room temperature (with the addition of acetic acid) and under ultrasonic irradiation with an intensity of 8 or 16 W / cm2. It was found that the morphology of PbI2 particles formed under ultrasonic irradiation is determined by the pH of the medium. At pH 2.8 ... 2.9, there is an increase in the particle size as a result of welding due to the collision of particles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed traces of particle fusion and impact traces. At pH 4.5 ... 4.6, the particles are dispersed due to sonohydrolysis and the formation of PbI (OH). The morphology of the resulting particles also depends on the method of production: when dosing potassium iodide into a solution of lead acetate, star-shaped structures are formed, during recrystallization, hexagonal plates are formed, in all cases about 10 μm in size
Újabb kutatás a kaposszentjakabi apátság területén 2. A 2016-ban végzett régészeti feltárás
Authors: Molnár István
Published: May 2021

The Benedictine monastery was founded in 1061. During the excavations we found the remains of an earlier church and fortification. The earlier buildings of the abbey were situated in the southern and western wing, while towards the East a chapel was built. The quadrum was completed at the turn of the 14-15 C. with the reuse of earlier buildings.
A bábamesterség átalakulása a XX. század közepén
Authors: Svégel Fanni
Published: May 2021

In this paper an analysis of the transformation of hungarian birth culture and midwifery are given. The research is based on the professional objects and diaries of a midwife from Rinyaújlak, Somogy County (now the property of the City Museum of nagyatád) and on interviews with a midwife from nagyatád. The main argument of the paper is that in the middle of the last century a hybrid birth culture can be ob-served that is a mixture of traditional midwifery and the mod-ern medicalized culture of birth identified with hospital care.
Újabb adatok az Alinda biplicata (Montagu, 1803) héjmorfológiájához, valamint annak klímafüggéséhez (Mollusca, Clausiliidae)
Authors: Domokos Tamás , Domokos Éva
Published: May 2021

The authorsshow that the shell sizes of Alinda bipli-cata are largest in the Bakony Mountains, are the smallest in the Somogy Hillys.
Pántkarperecek a magyar honfoglalás korából
Authors: Mesterházy Károly
Published: May 2021

The author collected the material of ca. 250 find places by types. He examined the material, manufacturing technique, and chronology of the bracelets, as well as their distribution by social layers and gender, and their direct analogies in Russia and the Balkans. The ancient Hungarians of the Conquest period appeared in the Carpathian Basin with a new archaeological culture in the turn of the 9th and the 10th centuries. Band bracelets were characteristic pieces of this material culture. Today they are represented by three main types: 1. band with rounded terminals, 2. band with coiled terminals, 3. hinged band. The first type has many variants. The terminal of the bracelet can be disc-like rounded, but mostly it just ends in a semicircular form. The band can be undecorated, decorated with punched palmette-tendril ornaments, or sometimes with geometric (zigzag) motifs, and applied decoration can also appear at the end of the band. In the beginning of the 11th century only bronze bands occurred, with various punched dotted circle decorations. A punched hole can often be observed at both ends of the bands. This might have served for sewing the band on, however, others believe that a string threaded through the holes pulled the band together. The most frequent decorations of bracelets with coiled terminals are punched zigzag motifs, and sometimes palmette-tendrils also occurs. While the former type is frequent by both men and women, bracelets with twisted terminals rarely occur by men. Hinged bracelets either copied Byzantine antecedents, or they arrived as imports. The ends of the sleeves of the funerary dress, the cuffs were decorated by thin silver or gold ribbons that were sewed on the hem of the dress.
Két téglaégető kemence Somogy megyéből
Authors: Molnár István
Published: May 2021

In my study I present two brick burning kilns found in Somogy county. In the kiln in Bódvica (dated to the turn of the 13–14th centuries), bricks made to build the medieval church of the village. The kiln excavated near Lulla was likely to used during the 18–19th centuries.
Adatok Barcs és környéke középkori vaskohászatához
Authors: Rózsás Márton
Published: May 2021

The area along the County Somogy section of the River Drava was an archaeological blank spot until recent decades. Several previously unknown archaeological sites from the Neolithic to the Early Modern Age were identified during the field surveys conducted by the author since the 1970s. Described and discussed here are a few sites associated with medieval iron smelting dating from the ninth to the fifteenth century.
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg megye avar sírleletei V. Kora avar kori padmalyos temetkezés Tiszavasvári, Eszenyi-telekről
Authors: Gulyás Bence , Lőrinczy Gábor
Published: May 2021

In 1960, an isolated grave – dated to the early Avar period – was found in Tiszavasvári, on the plot of Miklós eszenyi. According to the burial customs (the nee-sWW orientation of the deceased, the niche grave, the horse skin burial), this grave fits well into the type characteristic of the early Avar period the Trans-Tisza region. in this article, we examine two parts of the horse harness in detail, i.e. the bone cylinder for fastening the stirrup leather and the omega shaped iron object which was attached to the saddle for fixing the bridle.
Quantitative Predictions of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Effects in Breast Cancer by Individual Patient Data Assimililation
Authors:   Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Oncology Institute, Italy, P Castorina , D Carco ,   Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Oncology Institute, Italy, C Colarossi ,   Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Oncology Institute, Italy, M Mare ,   Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Oncology Institute, Italy, L Memeo ,   Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Oncology Institute, Italy, I Puliafito ,   Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Oncology Institute, Italy, D Giuffrida ,   Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Oncology Institute, Italy, M Pace ,   National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Italy
Published: May 2021

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been used for breast cancer aiming at downgrading before surgery. In this article we propose a new quantitative analysis of the effects of the neoadjuvant therapy to obtain numerical, personalized, predictions on the shrinkage of the tumor size after the drug doses, by data assimilation of the individual patient. The algorithm has been validated by a sample of 37 patients with histological diagnosis of locally advanced primary breast carcinoma. The biopsy specimen, the initial tumor size and its reduction after each treatment were known for all patients. We find that: a) the measure of tumor size at the diagnosis and after the first dose permits to predict the size reduction for the follow up; b) the results are in agreement with our data sample, within 10% to 20%, for about 90% of the patients. The quantitative indications suggest the best time for surgery. The analysis is patient oriented, weakly model dependent and can be applied to other cancer phenotypes.
Real-Life Applications and Challenges of Andexanet Alfa for Life-Threatening Bleeding and Reversal Prior to Surgery
Authors:   Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, USA, K Modi , D Attar ,   Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, USA, J Rimsans ,   Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, USA, JM Connors ,   Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, USA, J Lekura ,   Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, USA, P Kuriakose ,   Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, USA, S Kaatz ,   Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, USA, K Sylvester ,   Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, USA
Published: May 2021

Andexanet alfa is a targeted reversal agent for apixaban and rivaroxaban for life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding. There are few multicenter, real world studies that also include patients with off-label use who require emergent surgery. The objective was to describe hemostatic efficacy, thrombotic events, clinical applications, pharmaceutical challenges, and mortality associated with reversing apixaban and rivaroxaban with andexanet alfa in clinical practice. Retrospective descriptive observational cohort study of andexanet alfa use at 2 academic medical centers in the United States from July 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019. Ninety patients received 91 doses of andexanet alfa including 6 for reversal prior to surgery. Effective hemostasis was achieved in 72.9% of bleeding episodes and all patients that received andexanet alfa preoperatively were deemed to have effective hemostasis. Thrombotic events occurred in 7 of 90 patients (7.7%) and 2 of these events occurred the day after administration. Incorrect high-dose andexanet alfa was given 11 times with an estimated excess expenditure of $272,250. Thirty-two of 90 (35.5%) patients died, and most deaths occurred during the initial hospitalization. Our real-world experience with andexanet alfa in bleeding patients is similar to the non-comparative trial that led to Food and Drug Administration approval, and our findings show good hemostatic efficacy in a small number of patients requiring emergent surgery. We highlight the importance of appropriate dose based on time of ingestion and factor Xa inhibitor dose. Our 2 institutions spent over a quarter of a million dollars on excess andexanet alfa in a year and a half.
Akciğer Kanseri Nedeniyle Ameliyat Olan Hastalarda Konfor Düzeyi ve Konforu Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: GÜNER Afide , KARAKOÇ KUMSAR Azime
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Araştırma akciğer kanseri nedeniyle ameliyat olan hastaların konfor düzeyi ile konforu etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Materyal ve Metot: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türdeki bu araştırma, bir kamu hastanesinde akciğer kanseri nedeniyle ameliyat olan 185 hasta ile yapıldı. Veriler hasta tanılama formu ve Perianestezi Konfor Ölçeği (PKÖ) kullanılarak elde edildi. Bulgular: Hastaların ameliyat sonrası “Perianestezi Konfor Ölçeği” puan ortalaması 4,55±0,71 olarak bulundu. Genel sağlık algısı iyi olan, şimdiki ameliyata yönelik tutumu olumlu olan ve ameliyat öncesi eğitim alan hastaların konfor puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). Konforu azaltan faktörler; hastaların kendilerini yabancı bir ortamda hissetmesi, çok endişeli olmaları, içinde bulundukları durumdan rahatsız olmaları ve ortam ısısının yeterli olmaması olarak belirlendi. Sonuç: Akciğer kanseri nedeniyle ameliyat olan hastaların ameliyat sonrası konfor düzeyinin yüksek seviyeye yakın olduğunu belirlendi. Ameliyat öncesi dönemde hemşirelerin, hastaların bireysel gereksinimlerine yönelik eğitimler vermesi ve cerrahi girişim sonrası hastaların konfor düzeyini belirleyerek, elde edilen sonuçlara göre bakımı bireysel olarak planlaması ve uygulanması önerilmektedir.
Bir Yenidoğanda PCR İle Tanı Konulan Listeria monocytogenes Menenjiti
Authors: KARABAY Meltem , TÜRKOĞLU KUZU İrem , KÖROĞLU Mehmet , CANER İbrahim
Published: May 2021

Listeria monocytogenes yenidoğan döneminde sepsis, pnömoni ve menenjite neden olan Gram (+) bir bakteridir. Hastamız, ateş, emmede azalma şikayetleriyle kliniğimize yatırıldı. Hastanın yapılan muayenesinde genel durumu kötü, ateşi aksiller 38,8 0C, emmesi azalmış, fontaneli bombeydi. Hastaya geç neonatal sepsis ve menenjit ön tanısıyla ampisilin, sefotaksim başlandı. Hastanın laboratuvar incelemesinde; kanda lökosit 17.1x103/mm3, CRP 6 mg/dl, prokalsitonin 0,229 ng/ml. Beyin omurilik sıvısında (BOS) mikroprotein 291 mg/dl, glukoz 27 mg/dl ölçüldü. Hastaya yapılan lomber ponksiyonda BOS basıncı artmış, görünümü bulanık ve hücre sayımında mm3 de 800 hücre tespit edildi. Gram boyamada bakteri görülmedi. BOS ve kan örneklerinde üreme olmadı. PCR ile BOS’ta L. monocytogenes DNA'sı saptandı. Bu yazıda kan ve BOS kültürleri, Gram boyama sonuçları ve akut faz reaktanları negatif olan bir olguda PCR ile tanısı konulan Listeria menenjiti olgusunun sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
The Association of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio, Lymphocyte/Monocyte Ratio, Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio and Hematological Parameters with Severity and Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
Authors: KORKMAZ Celalettin , DEMİRBAŞ Soner , VATANSEV Hülya , YOSUNKAYA Sebnem , TEKE Turgut , ZAMANİ Adil , POYRAZ Necdet , YILMAZ Pınar , UYAR Mehmet
Published: May 2021

Objective: To investigate neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), lymphocyte/monocyte (LMR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratios, and the value of these parameters in determining disease severity and progression in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Materials and Methods: Study was conducted retrospectively with 182 in-patients and 91 controls due to COVID-19 between April-September 2020 in the chest diseases clinic. Hematological parameters and rates were compared with controls’ parameters. Correlations and differences between hematological parameters and other parameters were investigated.
Results: Lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, hemoglobin, thrombocyte, and LMR were significantly lower. NLR and PLR were higher. There were significant increases in hematological parameters and PLR on discharge. A positive correlation existed between radiological pneumonia severity score, and NLR (r=0.234, p=0.001) and PLR (r=0.128, p=0.042), and significant inverse correlation with LMR (r=-0.206, p=0.003). Positive correlations were detected between NLR (r=0.140, p=0.030) and PLR (r=0.125, p=0.046), and symptom-discharge time, and inverse correlation between LMR, and both symptom-discharge (r=-0.137, p=0.032) and hospital stay time (r=-0.135, p=0.034). A positive correlation existed between CRP, and NLR and PLR on admission and discharge.
Conclusion: NLR, LMR and PLR were found as hematological predictors to be used with CRP in following-up COVID-19, showing a significant correlation with disease severity, monitoring responses to treatment and predicting prognosis.
Evaluation of Pathogens Isolated from Central Venous Catheters Used for Cardiovascular Interventions
Authors: KORKMAZ Ufuk Turan Kürşat , GÜLHAN Barış
Published: May 2021

Objective: To evaluate the isolated pathogens in patients who underwent central venous catheterization due to cardiovascular procedures.
Materials and Methods: Patients were monitored daily for the development of catheter related infections. Between April 2017 and July 2019, patients who exhibited infection symptoms like discharge, fever, pain, lymphadenopathy and itching after the catheterization were included in this retrospective study. Patients’ catheter types, catheter insertion sites, total catheterization durations, culture results, sensitivities and resistances of pathogens against antimicrobial drugs were recorded and analyzed.
Results: Eighty-six patients who underwent central venous catheterization due to various indications were included. Mean age of patients was 52.70±17.82 years. Bacterial growth was found in 62.79% of patients. The most common catheter insertion sites were right subclavian vein, right jugular vein and right femoral vein. The most commonly isolated microorganism was S. aureus by 25.58% followed by E.coli (6.98%), S. haemolyticus (5.81%) and K.pneumonia (5.81%). S. aureus was detected to be sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.
Conclusion: Factors affecting incidence of these infections include catheter insertion site, catheterization duration, catheter selection and skills of the practitioners. Data in literature about the pathogens isolated in catheter-related infections and their sensitivity and resistance to antimicrobial agents are mostly old. Further comprehensive, multicenter studies are needed on this issue.
10-14 Yaş Grubu Çocukların Empati Kurma ve Hoşgörülü Olma Becerilerinin Obez Akranlarına Karşı Tutumlarına Etkisi
Authors: ÇATALÇAM Safiye , SEVAL Müge
Published: May 2021

Amaç: 10-14 yaş çocukların hoşgörülü olma ve empati kurma becerisinin obez akranlarına tutumlarına etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Zonguldak’da 380 öğrenciyle tanımlayıcı nedensel karşılaştırma çalışması olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler “Çocuğa ilişkin Bilgi Formu”, “Çocuklar ve Ergenler ilişkin Empati”, “Hoşgörülü Davranış” ve “Obez Çocuklara Yönelik Tutum” ölçekleri ile toplanmıştır. Analizlerde SPSS Statistics 22 programı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Empatik ve hoşgörülü davranma becerileri arttıkça obez akranlarına yönelik tutumlarında (r=0,20 ve r=0,33) olumlu yönde artış belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: 10-14 yaş ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin hoşgörülü olma ve empati kurma becerisinin obez akranlarına yönelik tutumları üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Non Alkolik Yağlı Karaciğer Hastalığı ile Yaş, Cinsiyet ve İnsülin Direnci İlişkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: YAZAR Hayrullah , ÖZ Ömer Emre , KÖSE Elif , KARACAN Alper , YÖNTEM Mustafa
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalarında (NAYKH) insülin direnci, yaş ve cinsiyet ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: NAYKH tanılı alkol kullanmayan hastalara ait veriler, bir yıl boyunca kayıt altına alındı. Hastaların NAYKH tanısı 4D ultrason cihazı ile konuldu. Çalışmada tüm hastaların açlık kan şekeri ve açlık insülin hormonu değerleri kullanılarak, insülin dirençleri hesaplandı. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiği “IBM SPSS for Windows Version 20.0 software” programı ile yapıldı ve anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmada; kriterlere uyan 312 erkek ve 558 kadın, toplamda 870 hasta incelendi. Erkeklerde yaş ortalaması 15, kadınlarda 29 bulundu ve bu farkın anlamlı olduğu görüldü. NAYKH görülme sıklığı; erkeklerde %47,75 iken, kadınlarda %33,51 oldu. Yaşa göre NAYKH; çocuklarda %32,57 iken, erişkinlerde %49,28 şeklinde idi. HOMA-IR ortalama değerleri cinsiyete göre; erkeklerde 2,51 ve kadınlarda 2,53 idi. Yaşa göre HOMA-IR ortalama değerleri; çocuklarda 3,14 ve erişkinlerde 2,09 bulundu. HOMA-IR grade guplarına göre incelenince, bu değerlerin grade II ve grade III’te anlamlı olarak arttığı görüldü.
Sonuç: NAYKH, yaş ve cinsiyet arasında ilişki vardır. Şöyle ki; erkeklerde bu hastalık hem sık görülmekte hem de erken yaşta ortaya çıkmaktadır. İlaveten; HOMA-IR’nin çocuklarda daha yüksek çıkması, üzerinde daha geniş çaplı araştırma yapılması gereken bir sonuç olarak görüldü.
Análisis historiográfico contrastado de la Constitución de 1830 como programa político
Authors: Moreno Diego
Published: May 2021

El siguiente trabajo pretende ser un análisis historiográfico que contraste reflexiones teóricas acerca de la Constitución de 1830 como programa político en nuestro país. El mismo se centra en las obras de Pivel Devoto y Carlos Real de Azúa que han sido un aporte fundamental en la historiografía nacional.En ese marco es importante el régimen de historicidad en el cual se inscriben ambos relatos. En sus operaciones el historiador piensa el tiempo y le imprime historicidad, todo sujeto tiene un pasado que se hace presente y esa experiencia se proyecta hacia un futuro cercano o lejano.De manera complementaria se tendrá en cuenta el punto de vista conceptual sobre el significado y la evolución del término “constitución” durante el Siglo XIX en Iberoamérica. Las transformaciones del contexto político nacional y regional modifican el significado del término, enriqueciendo el diálogo historiográfico que se pretende. La historia conceptual aportará al esclarecimiento de un concepto clave para comprender el lenguaje político de la época.