bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The oxygen uptake efficiency slope is not a valid surrogate of aerobic fitness in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Williams Craig A. , Tomlinson Owen W. , Chubbock Lucy V. , Stevens Daniel , Saynor Zoe L. , Oades Patrick J. , Barker Alan R.
Published: October 2017

Background

Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing is recommended on an annual basis for children with cystic fibrosis (CF), due to clinically useful prognostic information provided by maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max). However, not all patients are able, or willing, to reach V̇O2max, and therefore submaximal alternatives are required. This study explored the validity of the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) as a submaximal measure of V̇O2max in children and adolescents with CF.

Methods

Data were collated from 72 cardiopulmonary exercise tests (36 CF, 36 controls), with OUES determined relative to maximal and submaximal parameters of exercise intensity, time, and individual metabolic thresholds. Pearson's correlation coefficients, independent t‐tests, and factorial ANOVAs were used to determine validity.

Results

Significant (P < 0.05) correlations with V̇O2max were observed for most expressions of OUES, but were consistently weaker in CF (r = 0.30‐0.47) when compared to CON (r = 0.58‐0.89). Mean differences for all OUES parameters between groups were not significant (P > 0.05). When split by V̇O2max tertiles, minimal significant differences were found between, and within, groups for OUES, indicating poor discrimination of V̇O2max.

Conclusions

The OUES is not a valid (sub) maximal measure of V̇O2max in children and adolescents with mild‐to‐moderate CF. Clinicians should continue to use maximal markers (ie, V̇O2max) of exercise capacity.
Cystic fibrosis clinical characteristics associated with dornase alfa treatment regimen change
Authors: VanDevanter Donald R. , Craib Marcia L. , Pasta David J. , Millar Stefanie J. , Morgan Wayne J. , Konstan Michael W. ,   for the Scientific Advisory Group and the Investigators and Coordinators of the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis
Published: October 2017

Background

When the chronic respiratory therapy dornase alfa was made commercially available for cystic fibrosis (CF) more than 20 years ago, two regimens were approved: 2.5 mg inhaled once daily (QD) or twice daily (BID). In the intervening years, there has been little guidance as to when to use each regimen. We have studied clinical practice patterns captured in the Epidemiologic Study of CF (ESCF) during the decade following dornase alfa approval (1994‐2005) to better understand clinical characteristics associated with QD versus BID dornase alfa use.

Methods We studied the characteristics of ESCF patients who received either dornase alfa regimen for at least 12 months and who were then switched to the alternate regimen for at least 6 months and who had adequate data available around the time of the switch. Average lung function and weight‐for‐age (WFA) z‐scores, numbers of intravenous (IV) antibiotic‐treated pulmonary exacerbations, and prevalence of signs and symptoms were determined for 6‐month periods capturing the beginning (FIRST) and the end (LAST) of the initial regimen, the 6 months preceding the final 6 months of the initial regimen (PRIOR), and the beginning of the second regimen (POST). Changes in values from FIRST to LAST, PRIOR to LAST, and LAST to POST were studied to better understand clinical scenarios associated with decisions to change regimens.

Results

A total of 1342 QD and 574 BID regimens were studied with median durations of 3.19 and 2.09 years, respectively. On average, patients beginning BID regimens had worse lung function and a greater number of pulmonary exacerbations treated with IV antibiotics than those beginning QD regimens. However, by the time of regimen switch, patients switching from QD to BID dornase alfa had experienced substantial deterioration with respect to pulmonary exacerbations and signs and symptoms, whereas patients switching from BID to QD had not. Interestingly, incidence of IV‐treated pulmonary exacerbations and signs and symptom prevalence decreased for both populations after regimen switch.

Conclusions

We have studied populations of patients with CF receiving dornase alfa who were switched between regimens to characterize clinical course. Our results suggest that the most common clinical attribute associated with switching from QD to BID dornase alfa was a marked deterioration in stability characterized by increased incidence and frequency of pulmonary exacerbation. For this population, deterioration in lung function did not appear to be a driver for this switch. In contrast, patients receiving BID dornase alfa who were ultimately switched to QD appeared to be clinically stable, on average, suggesting that treatment burden and cost may have been drivers of the decision to switch regimens.
“It lives all around us”: Aspects of data literacy in teen's lives
Authors: Bowler Leanne , Acker Amelia , Jeng Wei , Chi Yu
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we examine young people's data literacy in terms of their awareness of data and the rhetoric that surrounds it, as well as their knowledge of data flows. This is the first phase of the Exploring Data Worlds at the Public Library research study research study, a two‐year research study that explores the ways that libraries can address data literacy programming by helping teens understand, create and manage the digital traces of their data in meaningful, efficacious, and ethical ways. In this first phase of the study we explored the question What do young people understand about data within the context of their everyday lives and in relation to personal data management. We present here the findings from a series of semi‐structured interviews with young people, ages 11 to 18, that examined teens' perceptions and general knowledge of data in their lives. Results suggest that the teens in this study had varying interpretations of the nature of data and a broad understanding of the lifecycle of data, but most found it difficult to connect with data at a concrete and personal level, with the notion of a personal data dossier either non‐existent or abstract.
Big data, big metadata and quantitative study of science: A workflow model for big scientometrics
Authors: Bratt Sarah , Hemsley Jeff , Qin Jian , Costa Mark
Published: October 2017

Large cyberinfrastructure‐enabled data repositories generate massive amounts of metadata, enabling big data analytics to leverage on the intersection of technological and methodological advances in data science for the quantitative study of science. This paper introduces a definition of big metadata in the context of scientific data repositories and discusses the challenges in big metadata analytics due to the messiness, lack of structures suitable for analytics and heterogeneity in such big metadata. A methodological framework is proposed, which contains conceptual and computational workflows intercepting through collaborative documentation. The workflow‐based methodological framework promotes transparency and contributes to research reproducibility. The paper also describes the experience and lessons learned from a four‐year big metadata project involving all aspects of the workflow‐based methodologies. The methodological framework presented in this paper is a timely contribution to the field of scientometrics and the science of science and policy as the potential value of big metadata is drawing more attention from research and policy maker communities.
Healthy users' personal health information management from activity trackers: The perspective of gym‐goers
Authors: Feng Yuanyuan , Li Kai , Agosto Denise E.
Published: October 2017

This paper examines how healthy activity tracker users, particularly gym‐goers, manage personal health information generated by their activity tracking devices. Findings from 117 valid responses to a web survey are presented to provide an overall picture of healthy activity tracker users' health or fitness‐related needs, their personal health information management (PHIM) practices and the gaps between their needs and PHIM. Based on the survey findings, we suggest considering future activity tracker design improvements for addressing users' currently unmet needs while recognizing the limitations of current technology. We conclude with a discussion of the necessity for reexamining PHIM in a new era of broader self‐tracking activities and needs.
Re(a)d wedding: A case study exploring everyday information behaviors of the transmedia fan
Authors: Forcier Eric
Published: October 2017

As practitioners of new forms of consumption and production, fans represent an important area for research. Specifically, fans of “transmedia systems” – media‐hopping networks of intertextualities that extend the narrative world of an original production – employ unique tactics for negotiating a complex information space. The study of such tactics provides valuable insights on the everyday information behaviors of modern post‐digital readers and media consumers that could benefit literacy and community engagement. Despite this, fans have received little attention in the information behavior literature. Therefore, this paper seeks to contribute new empirical understandings of the transmedia fan to the information behavior domain. The author undertook a pilot case study of theGame of Thronestransmedia fandom. Using a grounded theory approach, the qualitative coding of 400 online user comments revealed four types of tactics employed by fans to negotiate the transmedia system: sentimental, reasoned, relational and comic. A discussion of these tactics and the ways in which fans use them results in a preliminary definition and information behavior cycle model for thetransmedia fan. The study's findings offer key observations about the everyday information behavior of fans and about reading and media consumption practices in general.
Constructing knowledge and ignorance in the social information worlds of young mothers
Authors: Greyson Devon , O'Brien Heather , Shoveller Jean
Published: October 2017

The socially constructed information worlds within which individuals live, work and play necessarily shape their information practices. One way in which this occurs is through the social construction of knowledge, expertise and ignorance, including which actors are considered to possess authoritative knowledge through administrative authority or lay expertise. Using Adele Clarke's situational mapping techniques, this paper examines the discursive construction of knowledge and ignorance in the information worlds of young mothers in the Greater Vancouver region of Canada. Data was collected via observations at school‐based Young Parent Programs and interviews with 37 young mothers over a 15‐month time period. Gendered and racialized young parent social worlds discursively constructed the “teen mom” as knowledgeable in matters of sexuality and technology and ignorant in matters of parenting and health. Further, certain forms of experiential expertise common to marginalized groups were sometimes constructed in such information worlds as forms of ignorance. Recognizing the diversity of knowledge and expertise among young mothers rather than perceiving them as unilaterally information poor may lead to improved information and support services for young parents.
After serendipity strikes: Creating value from encountered information
Authors: Makri Stephann , Ravem Mina , McKay Dana
Published: October 2017

Existing research into serendipitous information encountering has focused on how people stumble upon information, rather than how they create value from the information encountered. This online diary study with follow‐up interviews provides an enriched understanding of the subjective value of information encounters and the motivators, barriers and actions involved in creating value from them. We leverage our findings to generate design suggestions for digital information tools aimed at assisting in creating value from encountered information.
Identifying the reasons contributing to question deletion in educational Q&A
Authors: Rath Manasa , Shah Chirag , Floegel Diana
Published: October 2017

Community question‐answering (CQA) services are widely used by information seekers looking to ask questions and obtain accurate, personalized answers. Though general CQA sites such as Yahoo! Answers attract a diverse pool of users from many walks of life, other sites cater to a specific user pool. While identifying bad CQA content is generally important in order to improve sites' overall health and community knowledge‐sharing, examining educational CQAs is particularly urgent in order to help struggling students understand why their questions fail, re‐frame their inquiries in a more accurate manner based on feedback, and ultimately receive correct answers that facilitate their learning process. Otherwise, students' questions would merely be deleted, meaning they lose multiple opportunities to enrich their knowledge base. In this work, we focus on questions posted to Brainly, the largest educational CQA site, in order to first identify “bad” questions and next understand what textual (content‐based) features contribute to such questions' poor quality. Using a sample of 1,000 questions–500 of which were deemed “good” and 500 of which were deemed “bad” by site moderators– we attempt to automatically classify question quality in order to label which questions would be deleted and therefore go unanswered. We then use human assessment to expand upon a typology to classify poor quality questions based on 14 textual features in order to identify why they have been marked for deletion. Finally, we propose a method to automatically identify questions' problematic textual features in order to provide feedback to students posting “bad” questions and ensure that they are given the opportunity to revise and improve their inquiries to obtain accurate answers that resolve their information needs.
On the citation advantage of tweeted papers at the journal level
Authors: Shu Fei , Haustein Stefanie
Published: October 2017

This study investigates the effect of diffusing scientific articles on Twitter on their citation impact. For a set of 1.3 million papers covered by the Web of Science and published in 2012, normalized citation rates are compared between tweeted and non‐tweeted articles published in the same journal. The results indicate that tweeted papers, published in the same year and in the same journal received around 30% higher citation rates than papers which were not diffused on Twitter. This type of citation advantage appeared across disciplines and countries of authors, but varied in extent.
Is ignorance really bliss?: Exploring the interrelationships among information avoidance, health literacy and health justice
Authors: St. Jean Beth , Jindal Gagan , Liao Yuting
Published: October 2017

Although many people cope with illness by seeking information, a considerable proportion of the population prefers to avoid information, aiming to maintain or increase their uncertainty in order to control their anxiety and/or maintain hope. Drawing on a large (n = 3,677), nationally representative survey dataset (the U.S. National Cancer Institute's 2014 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)), this paper investigates the prevalence of information avoidance (defined here as agreement with the statement, “I'd rather not know my chance of getting cancer”) among the U.S. adult population and identifies associations between information avoidance and other types of demographic, information‐seeking, cognitive/perceptual and social factors. The overarching aim of this research is to explore whether and how the concepts of information avoidance, health literacy and health justice are interrelated. Based on a literature review and a secondary analysis of the HINTS data set, information avoidance, limited health literacy and a lack of health justice appear to be intricately interwoven. In conclusion, suggestions are made as to how we might use these findings to interrupt the usual progression from low health literacy to poor health outcomes, thereby helping to decrease health disparities and address the lack of health justice in this country.
Human values and trust in scientific journals, the mainstream media and fake news
Authors: Verma Nitin , Fleischmann Kenneth R. , Koltai Kolina S.
Published: October 2017

What factors influence trust in online information? Americans increasingly get information from social media, public distrust in the mainstream media is growing and “fake news” is an important new phenomenon. This paper examines the factors that influence trust in scientific claims posted via social media, including the use of hyperlinks and readers' values. The paper describes a crowdsourcing‐based experimental design using Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform. The core of the experiment was a set of 10 scientific findings reported in open‐access, peer‐reviewed scientific journals, which were in turn linked to in articles in both the mainstream media and “fake news” sites. Data analysis involved exploration of relationships between trust and the presence or absence of hyperlinks, and between trust and human values using nonparametric statistical methods. In terms of the influence of hyperlinks on trust, inclusion of hyperlinks to scientific journals, mainstream media articles, and even hidden URLs led to higher trust than hyperlinks to “fake news” sites or posts without hyperlinks (p < 0.001). Participants who clicked on hyperlinks to scientific articles placed higher trust in the claims than those who did not (p < 0.001). In terms of the influence of values on trust, values had the most impact in cases where individuals saw, but decided not to click on, hyperlinks; this finding seems to indicate that in the absence of firsthand examination of the hyperlinked sites, participants tend to rely more heavily on their values to determine their trust in a scientific claim. These findings indicate that both the presence and absence of hyperlinks and the values of the reader both significantly impact trust judgments.
Information seeking among latinos in the midwestern United States
Authors: Adkins Denice , Sandy Heather Moulaison
Published: October 2017

This paper is the first to present a study of information behavior of Latinos in the Midwestern U.S. It begins addressing gaps in knowledge about Latinos, particularly immigrants, and their information seeking and use of the mobile, social web in rural areas of the U.S. Midwest. Interviews were conducted in 2016 and 2017 with 20 Midwestern Latinos – 15 immigrants to the United States and five native‐born. We find that interviewees use many well‐known social media platforms such as Facebook and YouTube as well as online resources to meet their information needs. Many prefer to consult trusted sources, making social media access desirable. Midwestern Latinos have adopted a number of the same information seeking practices as other immigrants and marginalized peoples, which may be different from practices of dominant populations in rural areas. Given their preferences, Latinos we interviewed will be best served by access to trusted information in the languages they speak, often presented orally such as in video format. For this, a reliable internet connection and internet‐enabled device are key.
Detecting dietary preference of social media users in China via sentiment analysis
Authors: Zhou Qingqing , Zhang Chengzhi
Published: October 2017

Dietary preferences are linked to all aspects of the human culture. Currently, researches on dietary preferences are mainly based on questionnaires, etc., which are mature and feasible. However, high cost, small scale and long timeframes are difficult to avoid. With the rapid development of social media, massive dietary reviews are shared in social media. Therefore, researches on users' dietary preferences by mining data from social media may overcome the disadvantages of traditional methods. In this paper, we use microblogs from weibo.com (one of the most popular social media platforms in China) to detect dietary preferences of social media users in China via sentiment analysis. Specifically, we compared four different aspect extraction methods and chose an optimal one to obtain aspects about dietary preferences. Secondly, sentiment polarities of the aspects and dishes are identified by sentiment classification. Empirical analysis on 3,975,800 microblogs presents that social media users in China are not satisfied with the overall status quo of dietary. In addition, experimental results show that semantic information is useful in extracting dietary aspects.
Global human trafficking seen through the lens of semantics and text analytics
Authors: Bedford Denise A. D. , Bekbalaeva Jyldyz , Ballard Kyle M. , Hernandez Thomas J.
Published: October 2017

Human trafficking is understood as a modern‐day form of slavery. It involves the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion) for an improper purpose including forced labor or sexual exploitation. Human trafficking is global, is found in every country, affects all genders, and persons of all ages. While pervasive, it is also invisible. Quantitative and qualitative research methods into human trafficking have significant challenges. This program presents collegial collaborative research by the U.S. Department of State and Georgetown University into the use of text analytics and semantic analysis methods to map trafficking, to identify trafficking hubs around the world, and to expose human trafficking.
Examining information search behaviors in small physical space: An escape room study
Authors: Choi Dongho , An JiHo , Shah Chirag , Singh Vivek
Published: October 2017

In this experimental study for understanding individuals' searching behavior in different environments, we investigated activities that involved looking for information in a limited physical space. 31 participants were asked to navigate an escape room installed in our lab and their behavior was recorded by a wearable camera. Annotated activities were analyzed by information behavior models developed by Kuhlthau (1991) and Ellis (1989). While the two models are associated with different aspects of information search behavior, dichotomous behavior ‐ such as depth‐first vs. breadth‐first approaches ‐ were observed between participants.
Open access citation advantage? A local study at a large research university
Authors: Hubbard David E.
Published: October 2017

This study examines the open access citation advantage of gold open access (OA) journal articles published at a large U.S. research university. Most studies that examine the open access citation advantage focus on specific journals, disciplines, countries or global output. Local citation patterns may differ from these larger patterns. Since many OA advocates mention the open access citation advantage when promoting OA journal publishing on university campuses, an understanding of local patterns is crucial. This study reports on a method and compares average citation counts for subscription and gold OA journal articles using Web of Science. Gold OA physics journals showed a definite open access citation advantage, whereas other disciplines showed no difference or no open access citation advantage.
Fake vs. real health information in social media in China
Authors: Li Yuelin , Zhang Xiu , Wang Shanshan
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the features of fake health information in social media in China and to develop a list of the features of fake information that can be used as a tool to help users identify fake health information in social media. The study collects 428 pieces of health information from WeChat, a dominant social media in China. Then the information is categorized into real or fake health information based on the judgment of rumor websites and health experts. Open coding is performed based on a framework that helps identify low quality information online. Chi‐square tests are adopted to identify significant features of fake information. The results indicate that gender and occupation affect users' dissemination of fake health information. Based on the analysis, the study develops a list that includes the salient features of fake health information. This list can help users to identify fake health information and improve their health literacy. In addition, it can inform health information systems to automatically filter fake information and improve health information quality online.
Techniques of visual knowledge construction in the Practices of Analog Videotape Digitization
Authors: Lischer‐Katz Zack
Published: October 2017

This presentation describes findings from qualitative‐interpretive research conducted on media preservationists carrying out small‐scale digitization projects involving the digital reformatting of analog videotape. Eight preservationists working in media preservation labs were interviewed and observed carrying out digitization projects in their work sites. Adopting a social constructionist perspective and employing concepts from Reiner Keller's sociology of knowledge approach to discourse (SKAD), the research data were analyzed to gain insight into processes of knowledge construction. The object of knowledge found to be central to participants' practices of knowledge construction was the invisible video signal, a continuously varying electrical signal that necessitates techniques and technologies of visualization and observation. This research identified six epistemic techniques, arrays of sensory‐cognitive micropractices that participants enact in order to construct knowledge about, act upon the video signal and produce legitimate digital copies of analog originals: applying calibrated vision; patterned looking; matching and comparing visual representations of signals; historicizing the tape; investigating the nature of errors; and constructing copies. This research offers new understanding of visual knowledge construction in workplace contexts and emphasizes the importance of studying the interpretive aspects of digitization practices.
Machine learning for name type classification in library metadata
Authors: Phillips Mark Edward , Chen Jiangping
Published: October 2017

This poster reports on the effectiveness of machine learning approaches to classify common names in library metadata records using the Library of Congress Name Authority File. Features extracted from this dataset were used to train and evaluate classification algorithms including decision tree, naïve Bayes, random forest and support vector machine implemented in Weka, an open‐source machine learning platform. The best performing classifiers were also tested on a collection of 30,000 names extracted from the UNT Digital Library This poster presents the feature sets, their testing results and the information gains of extracted features. The study demonstrated that machine learning could effectively classify names as persons or corporations.
Decision‐making in libraries: E‐book product selection practices in U.S. academic libraries
Authors: Zhang Mei
Published: October 2017

This research studies the e‐book product selection practices in academic libraries by conducting one‐on‐one interviews of 20 selection librarians from 19 different institutions. Findings show that price and content are the two prevalent selection criteria used by my participants, and the factors affecting librarians' identification of selection criteria can be categorized as internal factors and external factors. I then examine the processes librarians use to select e‐book products and find several steps that are commonly used by my participants. Further, I discuss the strategies libraries and e‐book providers use to obtain powers over each other in the current e‐book market.
Proteomics and Protein Adsorption on Hemodialysis Membranes
Authors: Bonomini Mario
Published: October 2017

Adsorption of plasma proteins onto the membrane surface during the hemodialysis session represents a key feature of membranes used for chronic dialysis therapy. In this issue of Proteomics—Clinical Applications, Han et al. originally describe how, by using proteomic technologies, the adsorptive properties of two membranes made from the same biomaterial (Polyamix) may have different flux characteristics (low flux and high flux, the former having smaller pore size). A total of 497 differentially expressed proteins were identified in eluates obtained after in vivo hemodialysis: 320 proteins concentrated more in low‐flux membrane (predominantly proteins with molecular weight 30–60 kDa) and 177 in high flux (most represented by proteins with molecular weight 10–15 kDa). Use of bioinformatics tools shed light on the involvement of adsorbed proteins in important biological pathways, such as the coagulation cascade and the complement system, again with some differences between the two membranes. The study indicates that flux characteristics of a biomaterial used for hemodialysis membrane strongly influence its adsorptive properties, and that proteomic application may provide information relevant to renal replacement therapy.
A new methodology to evaluate system‐level performance of explosion suppression systems
Authors: Chao Jenny , Dorofeev Sergey
Published: October 2017

A parametric experimental study was performed to understand the effect of various factors on the explosion suppression phenomenon. Full‐scale suppression experiments were conducted in FM Global's 2.5 and 25 m3 vessels. Either quiescent propane‐air or cornstarch‐air explosions were suppressed using a 2.5, 5, 10, or 50 L suppressant bottle, filled with sodium bicarbonate and pressurized with nitrogen to approximately 62 bar. The growth of the suppressant cloud in the open atmosphere was also measured in conjunction with the pressure drop in each size of suppressant bottle. From these results, it was found that an expanding flame must be entirely enveloped by suppressant for successful suppression of the flame to occur. Based on this concept, a simple physics‐based model was developed to determine the maximum protected throw distance, surface area, and volume of a single suppressant bottle (as part of a suppression system). This can be easily scaled to larger volumes than what was used in the experiments. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 37: 237–247, 2018
Synthesis, biological evaluation and SAR analysis of novel poly‐heterocyclic compounds containing pyridylpyrazole group
Authors: Wang Bao‐Lei , Zhu Hong‐Wei , Li Zheng‐Ming , Wang Li‐Zhong , Zhang Xiao , Xiong Li‐Xia , Song Hai‐Bin
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

In recent years, pyridylpyrazole derivatives, such as pyridylpyrazole‐containing anthranilic diamide have attracted much attention by virtue of their useful insecticidal properties and unique action mode. Moreover, some pyridylpyrazole‐containing compounds have also been found to possess significant fungicidal activities. With the aim of discovering new bioactive agrochemicals for crop protection, a series of poly‐heterocyclic compounds containing pyridylpyrazole and aziridine, or β‐lactam, or thiazolinone moieties were synthesized.

RESULTS

A series of pyridylpyrazole‐containing poly‐heterocyclic compounds were obtained, and confirmed through IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and elemental analysis. The crystalline structure of 4‐(3‐bromo‐1‐(3‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl)‐3‐chloro‐1‐mesitylazetidin‐2‐one (compound 13f) was determined to further illustrate a trans‐ configuration of the β‐lactam motif. In addition, bioassays showed that most of these new compounds exhibited modest insecticidal activity towards Mythimna separate Walker at 200 µg mL−1. Some of the compounds displayed excellent fungicidal activity towards some plant fungi, including Cercospora arachidicola (13j: EC50 = 14.5 µg mL−1), Physalospora piricola (12d and 13d: EC50 = 10.5 and 9.70 µg mL−1), Alternaria solani Sorauer (13j: EC50 = 7.29 µg mL−1), Puccinia sorghi Schw. (13d: control efficacy 99.0 ± 2.1% at 200 µg mL−1) and Erysiphe graminis (14d: control efficacy 95.0 ± 1.4% at 200 µg mL−1).

CONCLUSION

Compounds 12b–12e, 13a, 13d, 13f, 13j, 13 k and 14d could be considered potential fungicidal lead compounds to do further structural optimization. The structure–activity relationship analysis in this study brings some new understanding to the biological activities of N‐pyridylpyrazole‐containing compounds, and provides important information for the research and development of novel agricultural fungicides with poly‐heterocyclic structures. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Voltage‐sensitive sodium channel mutations S989P + V1016G in Aedes aegypti confer variable resistance to pyrethroids, DDT and oxadiazines
Authors: Smith Letícia B , Kasai Shinji , Scott Jeffrey G
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Aedes aegypti is a vector of several important human pathogens. Control efforts rely primarily on pyrethroid insecticides for adult mosquito control, especially during disease outbreaks. A. aegypti has developed resistance nearly everywhere it occurs and insecticides are used. An important mechanism of resistance is due to mutations in the voltage‐sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) gene. Two mutations, in particular, S989P + V1016G, commonly occur together in parts of Asia.

RESULTS

We have created a strain (KDR:ROCK) that contains the Vssc mutations S989P + V1016G as the only mechanism of pyrethroid resistance within the genetic background of Rockefeller (ROCK), a susceptible lab strain. We created KDR:ROCK by crossing the pyrethroid‐resistant strain Singapore with ROCK followed by four backcrosses with ROCK and Vssc S989P + V1016G genotype selections. We determined the levels of resistance conferred to 17 structurally diverse pyrethroids, the organochloride DDT, and oxadiazines (VSSC blockers) indoxacarb (proinsecticide) and DCJW (the active metabolite of indoxacarb). Levels of resistance to the pyrethroids were variable, ranging from 21‐ to 107‐fold, but no clear pattern between resistance and chemical structure was observed. Resistance is inherited as an incompletely recessive trait. KDR:ROCK had a > 2000‐fold resistance to DDT, 37.5‐fold cross‐resistance to indoxacarb and 13.4‐fold cross‐resistance to DCJW.

CONCLUSION

Etofenprox (and DDT) should be avoided in areas where Vssc mutations S989P + V1016G exist at high frequencies. We found that pyrethroid structure cannot be used to predict the level of resistance conferred by kdr. These results provide useful information for resistance management and for better understanding pyrethroid interactions with VSSC. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Idiopathic pulmonary vein thrombosis?
Authors: Barreiro Timothy J , Kollipara Venkateswara K , Gemmel David J
Published: October 2017

Idiopathic pulmonary vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare disease which is likely under‐diagnosed because of nebulous presentations. Accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent complications.
Exponential stability of switched Markovian jumping neutral‐type systems with generally incomplete transition rates
Authors: Kao Yonggui , Yang Tianshu , Park Ju H.
Published: October 2017

In this paper, the exponential mean‐square stability of neutral switching Markovian jump systems with generally incomplete transition probabilities is investigated. The model discussed in this paper concludes both deterministic switching signals and Markovian jumping signals. The transition rates of the jumping process are assumed to be partly available, that is, some elements have been exactly known, some have been merely known with lower and upper bounds, and others may have no information to use. Based on the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional method, sufficient conditions on the exponential mean‐square stability of the considered system are derived in terms of liner matrix inequalities. A numerical example is provided to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed results.
Surface meshing of underwater maps from highly defective point sets
Authors: Campos Ricard , Garcia Rafael
Published: October 2017

Owing to the many possible errors that may occur during real‐world mapping, point set maps often present a huge amount of outliers and large levels of noise. We present two robust surface reconstruction techniques dealing with corrupted point sets without resorting to any prefiltering step. They are based on building an unsigned distance function, discretely evaluated on an adaptive tetrahedral grid, and defined from an outlier‐robust splat representation. To extract the surface from this volumetric view, the space is partitioned into two subsets, the surface of interest being at the boundary separating them. While both methods are based on a similar graph definition derived from the above‐mentioned grid, they differ in the partitioning procedure. First, we propose a method using S‐T cuts to separate the inside and outside of the mapped area. Second, we use a normalized cut approach to partition the volume using only the values of the unsigned distance function. We prove the validity of our methods by applying them to challenging underwater data sets (sonar and image based), and we benchmark their results against the approaches in the state of the art.
Crop recognition under weedy conditions based on 3D imaging for robotic weed control
Authors: Li Ji , Tang Lie
Published: October 2017

A 3D time‐of‐flight camera was applied to develop a crop plant recognition system for broccoli and green bean plants under weedy conditions. The developed system overcame the previously unsolved problems caused by occluded canopy and illumination variation. An efficient noise filter was developed to remove the sparse noise points in 3D point cloud space. Both 2D and 3D features including the gradient of amplitude and depth image, surface curvature, amplitude percentile index, normal direction, and neighbor point count in 3D space were extracted and found effective for recognizing these two types of plants. Separate segmentation algorithms were developed for each of the broccoli and green bean plant in accordance with their 3D geometry and 2D amplitude characteristics. Under the experimental condition where the crops were heavily infested by various types of weed plants, detection rates over 88.3% and 91.2% were achieved for broccoli and green bean plant leaves, respectively. Additionally, the crop plants were segmented out with nearly complete shape. Moreover, the algorithms were computationally optimized, resulting in an image processing speed of over 30 frames per second.
Evaluate requests for exotic animals, multiple animals
Authors: Masinter Michael
Published: October 2017

Schools report a rising number of requests for emotional support animal accommodations in campus housing. Increasingly, some requests propose to bring exotic animals and even multiple animals as ESAs. When the animal is a dog or a cat, schools should already have well‐established documentation policies that address the claimed therapeutic need for the ESA. But what obligations does a school have when presented with requests for exotic species or multiple animals as ESAs?
Allogeneic Stem Cells Alter Gene Expression and Improve Healing of Distal Limb Wounds in Horses
Authors: Textor Jamie A. , Clark Kaitlin C. , Walker Naomi J. , Aristizobal Fabio A. , Kol Amir , LeJeune Sarah S. , Bledsoe Andrea , Davidyan Arik , Gray Sarah N. , Bohannon-Worsley Laurie K. , Woolard Kevin D. , Borjesson Dori L.
Published: October 2017

Distal extremity wounds are a significant clinical problem in horses and humans and may benefit from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy. This study evaluated the effects of direct wound treatment with allogeneic stem cells, in terms of gross, histologic, and transcriptional features of healing. Three full-thickness cutaneous wounds were created on each distal forelimb in six healthy horses, for a total of six wounds per horse. Umbilical cord-blood derived equine MSCs were applied to each wound 1 day after wound creation, in one of four forms: (a) normoxic- or (b) hypoxic-preconditioned cells injected into wound margins, or (c) normoxic- or (d) hypoxic-preconditioned cells embedded in an autologous fibrin gel and applied topically to the wound bed. Controls were one blank (saline) injected wound and one blank fibrin gel-treated wound per horse. Data were collected weekly for 6 weeks and included wound surface area, thermography, gene expression, and histologic scoring. Results indicated that MSC treatment by either delivery method was safe and improved histologic outcomes and wound area. Hypoxic-preconditioning did not offer an advantage. MSC treatment by injection resulted in statistically significant increases in transforming growth factor beta and cyclooxygenase-2 expression at week 1. Histologically, significantly more MSC-treated wounds were categorized as pro-healing than pro-inflammatory. Wound area was significantly affected by treatment: MSC-injected wounds were consistently smaller than gel-treated or control wounds. In conclusion, MSC therapy shows promise for distal extremity wounds in horses, particularly when applied by direct injection into the wound margin.
Anomalous pH‐Dependent Nanofluidic Salinity Gradient Power
Authors: Yeh Li‐Hsien , Chen Fu , Chiou Yu‐Ting , Su Yen‐Shao
Published: October 2017

Previous studies on nanofluidic salinity gradient power (NSGP), where energy associated with the salinity gradient can be harvested with ion‐selective nanopores, all suggest that nanofluidic devices having higher surface charge density should have higher performance, including osmotic power and conversion efficiency. In this manuscript, this viewpoint is challenged and anomalous counterintuitive pH‐dependent NSGP behaviors are reported. For example, with equal pH deviation from its isoelectric point (IEP), the nanopore at pH < IEP is shown to have smaller surface charge density but remarkably higher NSGP performance than that at pH > IEP. Moreover, for sufficiently low pH, the NSGP performance decreases with lowering pH (increasing nanopore charge density). As a result, a maximum osmotic power density as high as 5.85 kW m−2 can be generated along with a conversion efficiency of 26.3% achieved for a single alumina nanopore at pH 3.5 under a 1000‐fold concentration ratio. Using the rigorous model with considering the surface equilibrium reactions on the pore wall, it is proved that these counterintuitive surface‐charge‐dependent NSGP behaviors result from the pH‐dependent ion concentration polarization effect, which yields the degradation in effective concentration ratio across the nanopore. These findings provide significant insight for the design of next‐generation, high‐performance NSGP devices.
Construction of Plasmonic Nano‐Biosensor‐Based Devices for Point‐of‐Care Testing
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Zhou Jianhua , Li Jinghong
Published: October 2017

Next‐generation healthcare equipment and devices are in great demand for point‐of‐care testing (POCT), in view of their applications in rapid disease diagnosis, personalized medicine, portable or mobile health care, nontechnician assays, etc. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors, which are based on noble‐metal nanostructures and which provide fast, real‐time, nonlabeled, and sensitive biochemical detections, have become one of the leading candidates for POCT. The advances in nanofabrication, molecular biotechnology, and optoelectronics integration technology have promoted LSPR biosensing to low‐cost, easy‐to‐use, and on‐site POCT. Here, a synopsis of LSPR nano‐biosensors and LSPR‐based POCT devices is provided by delineating the fundamental principles of LSPR sensing, various metal nanostructures, the modification layers on LSPR nanostructures, and the integration of LSPR biosensors into devices. Examples of applications of existing LSPR‐based microfluidic platforms and POCT devices in healthcare, public security, environmental monitoring, and food safety, for example, are given. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of developing LSPR‐based POCT techniques are highlighted. A relatively complete and instructive summary is provided for the development of plasmonic nano‐biosensor‐based portable, mobile, and wearable POCT devices.
Phosphorus‐Based Materials as the Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Fuhua , Gao Hong , Chen Jun , Guo Zaiping
Published: October 2017

As a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have recently attracted considerable attention. Enormous effort has been devoted to investigations on the development of suitable active materials in order to improve the energy density of SIBs and give them significant cycling stability. Among the reported anode materials, phosphorus‐based materials have been recognized as a major group of promising anode materials, due to the high theoretical capacity of P (2596 mA h g−1) and the abundance of P rock resources. Here, the current progress on P‐based anode materials is summarized, including elemental P (red/black phosphorus) and metal phosphides (Co–P, Cu–P, Fe–P, Ni–P, Se–P, Sn–P, Ge–P), and challenges and perspectives are highlighted in order to provide guidance for future research in related areas. Typical articles are also selected as specific examples, elaborating the advances in materials preparation techniques/approaches and in the structural design of P‐based materials.
HAZ Properties of Nb Microalloyed High Strength Pipeline Steels
Authors: Wiebe Jörg , Scheller Wolfgang , Stallybrass Charles
Published: October 2017

The combination of high strength and excellent low‐temperature toughness of modern linepipe steels is a direct result of the thermo‐mechanically controlled process (TMCP), which leads to a reduced grain size after rolling. Addition of niobium is an effective measure to inhibit recrystallization during finish rolling, which is the key to obtain a fine‐grained microstructure. An experimental investigation is carried out in which the niobium content of low carbon laboratory heats is varied between 0.02 and 0.105%. These heats are thermo‐mechanically rolled to a wall thickness of 25 mm and subsequently used for double submerged arc welding (DSAW) trials. It is found that high levels of toughness in the heat affected zone (HAZ) could be reached regardless of the niobium content up to high values of 0.105%.
Effects of Mo Content on Low‐Angle Misorientation Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of YS 550 MPa‐Grade Steels for Offshore Structures
Authors: Kim In , Lee Myungjin , Choi Yoonsuk , Kang Namhyun
Published: October 2017

This study investigates the effects of Mo content on the low‐angle misorientation microstructure and the mechanical properties of high strength steels of YS 550 MPa grade. Steels of various Mo contents (0.08, 0.15, and 0.25 wt%) are fabricated by controlled rolling and accelerated cooling. The Mo steels consist of acicular ferrite (AF), granular bainite (GB), a low‐angle misorientation microstructure, that is, bainitic ferrite (BF), and a secondary phase of martensite‐austenite (MA), regardless of the Mo content. Degenerated pearlite (DP) is observed only in the 0.08 wt% Mo steel. As the Mo content increases from 0.08 to 0.25 wt%, the microstructure and mechanical properties are described as follows: (i) the volume fraction of AF decreases and that of BF increases, (ii) the yield and tensile strengths increase and the elongation decreases, and (iii) the Charpy toughness at −60 °C decreases owing to the decrease in AF and increase in BF.