bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co0 and CoOx Nanoclusters Encapsulated in Carbon Microspheres for the Low‐Temperature Enhanced Reduction of NOx by CO
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Wang Yixi , Xu Wenqing , Jia Lihua , Su Fabing , Zhu Tingyu
Published: January 2025

Efficient low‐temperature NO reduction by transition metal‐based catalysts remains a significant challenge. In this study, a Co‐based catalyst, Co0+CoOx@CS, encapsulated by carbon microspheres and synthesized via a one‐step in situ hydrothermal method, exhibits excellent NO conversion, exceeding 99% at 150 °C. X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure analysis reveals electronic interactions between C and Co, anchoring Co0 nanoclusters to the carbon microspheres. The resulting microporous structure enhances reactant accessibility and facilitates N─O bond cleavage. Furthermore, C13O isotopic tracing experiments reveal that NO reduction follows an ONNO pathway, in which adsorbed CO induces the dissociation of ONNO* to ONN*, and weakly adsorbed or gaseous CO promotes further decomposition of ONN* to N2. Specifically, Co0 species enhance NO adsorption, while CoOx species favor CO adsorption, with oxygen vacancy‐mediated oxygen transfer driving the catalytic cycle. This study presents a novel approach for preparing microporous Co‐based catalysts and offers an effective strategy for efficient low‐temperature NO reduction.
Hierarchical DNA Octahedral Nanoplatform for in Situ Biosensing and Clinical Monitoring of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Liu Qian , Shen Man , Xu Hanqing , Wang Jingxue , Wang Ruoding , Xiao Ting , Wang Shuang , Chen Jiao , Liu Lu , Zhang Ligai , Zhou Yang , Wu Xianlan , Huang Yingchun , Ren Zhangyin , Bao Jing , Chen Ming , Gao Mingxuan
Published: January 2025

Developing nanoscale platforms with high integration, assembly efficiency, and structural stability for performing complex computations in specific cells remains a significant challenge. To address this, the Three‐dimensional Hierarchical Octahedral Robotic (THOR) DNA nanoplatform is introduced, which integrates targeting, logic computation, and sensing modules within a single framework. This nanoplatform specifically binds to cancer cell surface proteins, releasing aptamer‐linked fuel chains to initiate subsequent computational processes. Three logic gates efficiently compute any arbitrary binary combination of target proteins. The sensing module employs catalytic hairpin assembly for detecting specific miRNAs with high sensitivity. THOR demonstrates robust functionality both in vitro and in situ. As a proof‐of‐concept, this nanoplatform to distinguish acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients from other leukemia subtypes and healthy participants, achieving 100% accuracy is applied. Additionally, this approach reliably monitored the therapeutic progress of ALL patients, showing strong concordance with bone marrow smear results. The THOR platform highlights the feasibility of constructing a reliable, hierarchical, and multifunctional analytical system based on a single DNA polyhedron. It offers a promising auxiliary tool for clinical diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring.
Efficient Spin‐Light‐Emitting Diodes With Tunable Red to Near‐Infrared Emission at Room Temperature
Authors: Yao Jingwen , Huang Yuling , Sun Haifeng , Wang Zhiyu , Xue Jie , Huang Zhifeng , Dong Shou‐Cheng , Chen Xihan , Lu Haipeng
Published: January 2025

Spin light‐emitting diodes (spin‐LEDs) are important for spin‐based electronic circuits as they convert the carrier spin information to optical polarization. Recently, chiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) has emerged as a new paradigm to enable spin‐LED as it does not require any magnetic components and operates at room temperature. However, CISS‐enabled spin‐LED with tunable wavelengths ranging from red to near‐infrared (NIR) has yet to be demonstrated. Here, chiral quasi‐2D perovskites are developed to fabricate efficient spin‐LEDs with tunable wavelengths from red to NIR region by tuning the halide composition. The optimized chiral perovskite films exhibit efficient circularly polarized luminescence from 675 to 788 nm, with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) exceeding 86% and a dissymmetry factor (glum) ranging from 8.5 × 10−3 to 2.6 × 10−2. More importantly, direct circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) is achieved at room temperature in spin‐LEDs. This work demonstrated efficient red and NIR spin‐LEDs with the highest external quantum efficiency (EQE) reaching 12.4% and the electroluminescence (EL) dissymmetry factors (gEL) ranging from 3.7 × 10−3 to 1.48 × 10−2 at room temperature. The composition‐dependent CPEL performance is further attributed to the prolonged spin lifetime as revealed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy.
Spray‐Assisted Fabrication of Cellulose Photonic Pigments on Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Song Jianing , Parker Richard M. , Frka‐Petesic Bruno , Deng Tao , Xu Luqing , Deng Xu , Vignolini Silvia , Shen Qingchen
Published: January 2025

Photonic pigments, especially those based on naturally‐derived building blocks like cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are emerging as a promising sustainable alternative to absorption‐based colorants. However, the proposed manufacturing methods for CNC pigments, via either grinding films or emulsion‐based production, usually require several processing steps. This limits their commercialization by increasing the costs, timescales, and environmental impacts of production. Toward addressing these challenges, it is reported that photonic pigments can be produced in a single process by drying microdroplets of aqueous CNC suspension on a superhydrophobic surface. Such liquid‐repellent substrate ensures the microdroplets maintain a near‐spherical shape, enabling the radial self‐organization of the cholesteric phase. Upon drying under ambient conditions, the CNC mesophase becomes kinetically arrested, after which the strong capillary forces induced by water evaporation result in extensive buckling of the microparticle. This buckling, coupled with prior tuning of the CNC formulation, enables photonic pigments with adjustable color across the visible spectrum. Importantly, the elimination of an emulsifying oil phase to create microdroplets enables a much faster drying time (≈40 min) and improved color stability (e.g., polar solvents, elevated temperatures), while the reduction in reagents (e.g., oils, surfactants) and post‐processing steps (e.g., solvent, heat) improves the sustainability of the fabrication process.
The Critical Role of Atomic‐Scale Polarization in Transition Metal Oxides on Vanadium‐Redox Electrochemistry
Authors: Zhang Xiangyang , Ao Kelong , Shi Jihong , Yue Xian , Valencia Agnes , Shi Xingyi , Zhou Weijun , Liu Fei , Li Weilu , Daoud Walid A.
Published: January 2025

Transition metal oxide electrocatalysts (TMOEs) are poised to revive grid‐scale all‐vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) due to their low‐cost and unique electronic properties, while often inescapably harboring surface vacancies. The role of local vacancy‐induced physicochemical properties on vanadium‐redox electrochemistry (VRE), encompassing kinetics, and stability, remains profoundly unveiled. Herein, for the first time, it is revealed that vacancies induce atomic‐scale polarization in TMOEs and elucidate its mechanism in VRE. Attributable to local polarization, particularly by cation vacancy, the activated nearest‐coordinated Mn sites prominently augment the adsorption competence of the V2+/V3+ couple and expedite its round‐tripping by forming an intermediate *Mn–O–V bridge. It is also affirmed that the anion vacancies are vulnerable to microstructure reconfiguration by feeble hydroxyl adsorption and thus performance degradation over long‐term cycling, in contrast to cation vacancies. Accordingly, the VRFB employing cation‐vacancy‐functionalized electrode delivers an energy efficiency of 80.8% and a reliable 1000‐cycle lifespan with a negligible decay of 0.57% per cycle at 300 mA cm−2, outclassing others. The findings shed light on the fundamental rules governing the utility and evolution of vacancies in TMOEs, thereby moving a step closer toward their deployment in a wide range of sustainable energy storage schemes.
Toward Personalized Stationary Chromatography Phases: Equipping Commercial Silica Phases with Selected Peptide‐Based Binding Domains to Tailor Affinity
Authors: Busche Steffen A. , Bangert Lukas D. , Brand Raoul D. , Kröger Tommy , Heyl Enrico , Börner Hans G.
Published: January 2025

A set of peptide‐functionalized mesoporous silica particles is synthesized by chemoselective inverse electron‐demand Diels‐Alder (IEDDA) ligation, exploiting the robust and cost‐effective norbornene/tetrazine coupling chemistry. The peptides program the capabilities of the silica particles to specifically complex and host small organic entities. Customized chromatography columns are packed that are tailored to specifically retard the respective compounds, while other substances elute rapidly. Using combinatorial means, the 7‐mer peptides QFFLFFQ, QFFEFFQ, and QFQQSFF have been previously selected as good, medium, and poor binders, respectively, for the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(3‐hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m‐THPC). These sequences are C‐terminally functionalized with 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (Tz) moieties to enable IEDDA ligation to silica material presenting endo‐ /exo‐norbornene (Nb) moieties to give pyridazine (Pz)‐linkages. The resulting silica‐Pz‐Peptide materials (Sil‐Pz‐X) retain their pore systems and show peptide loadings of up to 0.19 mmol g−1. The capabilities of the different Sil‐Pz‐X materials to bind the photosensitizer are investigated by incubation/elution batch assays, confirming that the peptides define the binding selectivity and capacity in a sequence‐dependent manner. Professional packing of Sil‐Pz‐X results in a set of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns. HPLC elution studies of m‐THPC and a functional relative, Chlorin E6, show a compound‐specific retardation that clearly reflects the complexation properties of the peptides for the respective photosensitizers.
Subcellular Cavitation Bubbles Induce Cellular Mechanolysis and Collective Wound Healing in Ultrasound‐Inflicted Cell Ablation
Authors: Bai Ziyue , Li Zaimeng , Shao Yue
Published: January 2025

Focused ultrasound (FUS) has been widely adopted in medical and life science researches. Although various physical and biological effects of FUS have been well‐documented, there is still a lack of understanding and direct evidence on the biological mechanism of therapeutic cell ablation caused by high‐intensity ultrasound (HIFU) and the subsequent wound healing responses. This study develops an enclosed cell culture device that synergistically combines non‐invasive FUS stimulation and real‐time, on‐the‐fly live‐cell imaging, providing an in vitro platform to explore short and long‐term biological effects of ultrasound. The process, mechanism, and wound healing response of cell ablation induced by HIFU are elucidated, revealing a unique mechanism, termed ultrasound‐inflicted cellular mechanolysis, that is mediated by growing subcellular cavitation air bubbles under confined contact with cells. This provides a previously unappreciated mechanism for understanding the biomechanical principles of ultrasound‐based ablative therapy. A post‐ablation phantom layer is also revealed that serves as a guiding cue for collective cell migration during wound healing, thereby providing a biomimetic model for studying wound healing after HIFU‐inflicted damage. Together, this study provides theoretical and technological basis for advancing the understanding of the biological effects of ultrasound‐based ablative therapy and inspiring clinically relevant applications in the future.
α‐Lipoic Acid Ameliorates Arsenic‐Induced Lipid Disorders by Promoting Peroxisomal β‐Oxidation and Reducing Lipophagy in Chicken Hepatocyte
Authors: Zhao Yangfei , Guo Mingyue , Pei Ting , Shang Chenqi , Chen Yirong , Zhao Liying , Lu Yiguang , Liang Chen , Wang Jundong , Zhang Jianhai
Published: January 2025

Liver disease poses a significant threat to global public health, with arsenic (As) recognized as a major environmental toxin contributing to liver injury. However, the specific mechanisms and the protective effects of α‐lipoic acid (LA) remain unclear. Therefore, this study employs network toxicology and network pharmacology to comprehensively analyze the hepatotoxic mechanism of As and the hepatoprotective mechanism of LA, and further verifies the mechanisms of peroxisomal β‐oxidation and lipophagy in the process. The network analysis results show that As induces liver damage mainly through autophagy, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress, whereas LA exerts its hepatoprotective properties mainly by regulating lipid metabolism. Further verifications find that As inhibits SIRT1 expression, activates the P53 and Notch pathways, damages mitochondria, inhibits peroxisomal β‐oxidation, increases lipid accumulation, and enhances lipophagy in the liver, while LA intervention alleviates As‐induced lipid accumulation and enhances lipophagy by targeting SIRT1, ameliorating mitochondrial damage, enhancing peroxisomal β‐oxidation, thereby alleviating As‐induced liver damage. This study further clarifies the mechanism of As hepatotoxicity and provides a theoretical basis for LA as a potential hepatoprotective agent.
Nuclear to Cytoplasmic Transport Is a Druggable Dependency in HDAC7‐driven Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Qin Tingting , Wang Jingya , Wang Jian , Du Qingwu , Wang Liuchun , Liu Hailin , Liu Wenting , Li Xueyang , Jiang Yantao , Xu Qi , Yu Junjie , Liu Huiyan , Wang Ting , Li Mengjie , Huang Dingzhi
Published: January 2025

Immunotherapy has gained approval for use in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), yet only a subset of patients (10–20%) experience meaningful benefits, underscoring the urgent need for more effective therapeutic approaches. This work discovers a distinct HDAC7‐high SCLC phenotype characterized by enhanced proliferative potential, which recurs across various subtypes and serves as a predictor of poorer survival outcomes. By analyzing public datasets, this work finds a strong correlation between c‐Myc and HDAC7. RNA sequencing and cellular experiments show that XPO1 is a key regulator in the HDAC7/c‐Myc axis. HDAC7 promotes β‐catenin deacetylation, phosphorylation modulation, nuclear translocation, and formation of the β‐catenin/TCF/LEF1 complex, which binds to c‐Myc and XPO1 promoters. Activation of the HDAC7/β‐catenin pathway upregulates c‐Myc and XPO1 expression, while c‐Myc also boosts XPO1 expression. Given the difficulty in targeting c‐Myc directly, this work tests selinexor and vorinostat in SCLC xenograft models, with selinexor showing superior results. High HDAC7 expression is linked to increased SCLC proliferation, poorer prognosis, and enhanced sensitivity to selinexor in SCLC cell lines and organoid models. Collectively, this work uncovers a novel HDAC7/c‐Myc/XPO1 signaling axis that promotes SCLC progression, suggesting that HDAC7 may warrant further investigation as a potential biomarker for assessing selinexor sensitivity in SCLC patients.
Photothermal‐Responsive Soluble Microneedle Patches for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Therapy
Authors: Yu Fei , Zhao Xuan , Wang Qian , Niu Yifei , Xiao Peng , Zhang Jinze , Fei Keyi , Huang Yuancong , Liu Liu , Fang Po‐Han , Du Xinyue , Li Weihua , He Dalian , Zhang Tingting , Li Saiqun , Yuan Jin
Published: January 2025

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease, presenting a challenge for targeted treatment. Traditional topical ocular drug delivery methods often fail to effectively reach the meibomian glands (MGs). To address this, the study has developed a soluble microneedles (MN) patch comprising poly(vinyl alcohol), cyclodextrin modified polyacrylic acid, and new indocyanine green. This innovative MN patch facilitates the transdermal release of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ) agonists, such as rosiglitazone in response to near‐infrared ray induced temperature changes. By safely optimizing temperature, the patch effectively liquefied meibum lips, thereby alleviating duct obstruction while releasing the drug. MN patches exhibit sufficient mechanical strength for effective skin penetration, and its biosafety for eyelid application has been rigorously assessed in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic efficiency of rosiglitazone loaded MN (ROSI‐MN) treatment for MGD is evaluated in high‐fat mice. After three months of treatments, ROSI‐MN administration significantly alleviated MGD clinical manifestations, including ocular surface damage, lipid deposits, glandular hypertrophy, and inflammatory infiltration, ultimately improving the microstructure and biofunction of MGs. In conclusion, the soluble MN patches hold promise as an effective drug delivery strategy for treating ocular surface diseases beyond MGD.
Innovation and water productivity: Empirical evidence from water‐related patents
Authors: Nyiwul Linus , Hu Zhining , Koirala Niraj P.
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the impact of innovation in the water sector on water productivity using a global sample of 81 countries from 2000 to 2019. We derive theoretical parameters in the Cobb–Douglas production framework and estimate these parameters using fixed‐effects panel instrumental variable and system generalized method of moments estimations. Contrary to theoretical predictions, we find that water‐related innovation has a significant negative effect on water productivity. This suggests the presence of a productivity paradox in the water sector. In our analysis, this paradox is consistent across various modeling specifications and alternative estimations, marking a unique phenomenon not previously observed outside the information and communication technologies sector. Furthermore, the paradox is more pronounced in countries of the global north compared with those in the global south, a divergence we attribute to differences in economic structures, technological capabilities, and resource allocations. These findings underscore the complexity of the role water‐related innovation plays in water productivity and highlight the need for tailored approaches to address region‐specific challenges.
Thermo‐Rheological Performance Evaluation of GNPs‐WO3/Engine Oil Hybrid Nanofluids During Laminar Flow Inside a Horizontal Tube
Authors: Ghalehkhondabi Vahab , Fazlali Alireza , Sadeghi Ali , Hekmatiyan Abbas
Published: January 2025

In the present study, to improve the rheological behavior and heat transfer characteristics of engine oil, nanolubricants were prepared by suspension of graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) (2–8 nm) and tungsten trioxide (WO3) (23–65 nm) in working fluid using a two‐step approach. The nanoengine oil had good stability and dispersibility without agglomeration phenomenon. The influences of adding NPs to the base fluid on the dynamic viscosity and shear stress for different shear rates at room temperature were studied. The nanofluid viscosity increased with the increase of the weight fraction of NPs, and the same concentration decreased with the increase in shear rate. Three theoretical models have been developed for predicting the rheological behavior of nanofluids. The curve fitting of the shear stress–shear rate shows that the relationship between them is linear at all weight fractions of NPs, so the nanofluids have Newtonian behavior. The effects of Reynolds number and NPs weight fraction (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 wt.%) on the convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of GNPs‐WO3/engine oil hybrid nanofluids in a horizontal circular tube under laminar flow condition were investigated experimentally. The enhancement of convective heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number were found to increase concerning NPs weight fraction and Reynolds number up to 140.8% and 95.2%, respectively. According to the features expressed for the proposed hybrid nanofluid, it can be applied in different areas of lubrication and heat transfer.
Training Future Teachers to Conduct Trial‐Based Functional Analyses Using Virtual Video Modeling and Video Feedback
Authors: Sorrell Jasmine R. , Stratton Kasee K. , Bates‐Brantley Kayla , Wildmon Mark E.
Published: January 2025

Students commonly engage in problem behaviors, yet teachers report handling difficult behavior as their biggest challenge. Over the last few decades, some research has used functional analyses (FAs) to determine the function of student's problem behavior and then developed function‐based interventions based on the FA findings. Despite the success of the studies, research has indicated that traditional FA methodologies are not always feasible for teachers and schools. Therefore, a need exists to develop better and more efficient ways to train teachers to conduct FAs. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using virtual video models to train future teachers to conduct trial‐based functional analyses (TBFAs) and assess if the skill could generalize into an in‐person setting. A concurrent multiple baseline design across participants was used, and results indicated that the videos effectively taught participants to conduct a TBFA. The virtual training generalized well into an in‐person setting, with only one participant needing additional feedback. Additionally, results indicate that the virtual intervention was socially valid for all participants.
A Pilot Open Trial and Mixed Methods Evaluation of Affirmative Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) Skills Training for Malaysian LGBT Adults
Authors: Keng Shian‐Ling , Liem Andrian , Ting Rachel Sing‐Kiat , Chung Ker Rou , Toh Yuhang , Chrisanne Shaleen , Wong Man Kuan , Seah T. H. Stanley
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals are at greater risk of mental health problems relative to cisgender heterosexual people. While various evidence‐based interventions exist to address the mental health needs of LGBT individuals, there is an urgent need to adapt these interventions to address stressors unique to the LGBT individual in the Global South, where LGBT identity remains highly stigmatised. This study developed and evaluated a six‐session affirmative dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills group to address depressive symptoms in a sample of Malaysian LGBT adults.

Methods

Seventeen LGBT adults (Mage = 26.9 years) with mild‐to‐severe levels of depressive symptoms were recruited from the community. Participants attended a DBT skills group for 6 weeks (2.5‐h/session). They completed self‐report measures on psychological symptoms, well‐being and minority stress at pre‐ and post‐intervention and a focus group discussion regarding their experience with the DBT skills group.

Results

Significant decreases in depressive symptoms, stress, borderline personality disorder symptoms, emotion dysregulation and distress due to heterosexist experiences were observed from pre‐ to post‐intervention. There were also significant increases in self‐compassion and subjective well‐being. The number of DBT skills sessions attended was significantly associated with reductions in emotion dysregulation, internalised homophobia and distress due to heterosexist experiences. Thematic analyses of qualitative feedback revealed several helpful and challenging aspects of participating in the DBT skills group (e.g., time commitment, online format, and relevance and applicability of treatment content).

Conclusions

The study found that an LGBT‐affirmative DBT skills group is feasible and acceptable among Malaysian LGBT adults and shows promise in improving psychological health. These findings have implications for the adaptation of DBT skills training for marginalised populations in diverse, low‐resource contexts.
Pembrolizumab‐Induced Secondary Hypocorticism Manifesting as a Transitory Ischemic Attack
Authors: Finsterer Josef
Published: January 2025

Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the programmed cell death‐1 (PD1) receptor, which binds to PD1 receptors on T lymphocytes and blocks their inactivation by tumor cells. Pembrolizumab is not free from side effects, a rare one of which is hypocorticism. Here we present a patient with pembrolizumab‐induced hypocorticism manifested by a cerebrovascular event. The patient is a 67‐year‐old male with a history of urothelial carcinoma of the left kidney and urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. These malignancies were treated with resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Pembrolizumab was added 6 months before admission. After the fifth cycle, he suffered loss of appetite, persistent nausea and recurrent vomiting, an itchy rash, expressive aphasia for a few seconds during which he was suddenly unable to pronounce words and sentences, and massive positional vertigo due to arterial hypotension. His serum cortisol level was significantly low. Hypocorticism was successfully treated with hydrocortisone. This case demonstrates that pembrolizumab can be complicated by hypocorticism even after uneventful previous administration and that hypocorticism can manifest with symptomatic arterial hypotension, cerebral hypoperfusion, and positional vertigo. Treating physicians should be aware that secondary hypocorticism is a potentially serious adverse reaction due to the cumulative toxicity of pembrolizumab.
Automated Fault Detection and Reconfiguration in Five‐Level Hybrid Inverter for Enhanced System Resilience
Authors: Singh Vikram , Yadav Anamika , Gupta Shubhrata
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces an efficient approach for the rapid detection and rectification of open circuit (OC) and short circuit (SC) switch faults in a single‐phase, five‐level hybrid multilevel inverter (HMLI). The HMLI system is equipped with both main and redundant units designed to address OC and SC faults. The main unit incorporates an active neutral point clamped (ANPC) leg and a half‐bridge leg, whereas the redundant unit consists of an H‐bridge. This setup provides multiple switching options for each voltage level, significantly improving fault reconfiguration (FR) capabilities under various fault conditions, including single, double, and triple switch faults, as well as varying utility conditions like changes in modulation index, load, and source. The system employs a data‐driven technique for fault detection that uses the inverter's voltage signal as raw data. The discrete Fourier (DF) is applied to convert this voltage signal into a fundamental frequency‐based signal, which is then used to determine the threshold for fault detection. Once a fault is detected, the system initiates the FR switching scheme to restore voltage levels, power, and efficiency to their pre‐fault state. Additionally, the proposed topology inherently achieves self‐voltage balancing in the DC link capacitor and operates with a single DC source configuration. Furthermore, a comprehensive and comparative analysis, including both experimental and simulation studies, is performed to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of this topology.
Regulations ‘Under the Weather’: Legal Factors of Stability and Change for the Implementation of Natural Stormwater Management in Finland
Authors: Venuti Francesco , Heinilä Aleksi , Davids Peter R.
Published: January 2025

The implementation of natural stormwater management (SWM), namely SWM carried out through nature‐based solutions (NBS), is still problematic despite their benefits in climate change adaptation. Private landownership is commonly cited as the factor limiting extensive NBS. However, the Finnish model demonstrates that, regardless of whether the needed land is private or public, implementing actors face numerous legal challenges in efforts to carry out SWM using NBS. We study the Finnish SWM and land use planning frameworks to uncover the legal barriers to and drivers of NBS implementation as well as the interaction of the frameworks with the wider governance setting. By doing so, we highlight the need for a regulatory approach to NBS that will facilitate their uptake. We first explore how the Finnish legal framework regulates natural SWM. Secondly, we use the policy arrangement approach (PAA) and the framework on stability and change in flood risk management to combine the results of the legal analysis with the findings from a series of interviews with urban planners from several Finnish municipalities. This in turn enables us to visualise how the law interacts with the broader governance system to limit and shape the options for implementing natural SWM. The main factors of stability (namely, keeping the status quo) for NBS include the lack of regulations and unclear and fragmented SWM responsibilities. The main factors encouraging change include cities' acquisition or ownership of public land, an integrated governance approach to SWM, the Green Area Factor (GAF), pilot projects and stormwater working groups.
Double Fortified Salt Containing Iodine and Folic Acid and Triple Fortified Salt Containing Iodine, Folic Acid, and Vitamin B12 Are Acceptable to Ethiopian Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Tesfaye Biniyam , Tessema Masresha , Arnold Charles D. , Kebebe Tadesse , Zeru Tesfaye , Assefa Teshome , Woldeyohannes Meseret , Tollera Getachew , Koning Marinus , Martinez Homero , McDonald Christine M. , Brown Kenneth H.
Published: January 2025

Recognizing the broader accessibility of iodized salt compared to wheat flour, the Ethiopian government is considering fortification of iodized salt with folic acid, and possibly vitamin B12, to address the high incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Ethiopia. To prepare for this program, we assessed practices related to edible salt procurement and consumption, and the acceptability of novel salts fortified with iodine and folic acid (double‐fortified salt, DFS) or iodine, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (triple‐fortified salt, TFS) compared to iodized salt (IS). We surveyed 840 women of reproductive age in urban (Addis Ababa) and rural (Gimbichu Woreda) areas to describe their salt preferences and practices and used a three‐point hedonic scale to evaluate the sensory acceptability of fine and coarse forms of DFS, TFS, and IS for color, taste, aroma, texture and overall acceptability. We found that women were the primary salt purchasers (72.8% rural, 97.4% urban) for household. Rural women preferred coarse salt (76.1%), whereas urban women preferred fine salt (42.4%) or both types (30.0%). All salts received favorable mean sensory ratings (≥ 2.1), with fine salt preferred for all sensory characteristics (p < 0.05). Fine IS (2.8 ± 0.5) was rated slightly higher than DFS (2.6 ± 0.8) and TFS (2.5 ± 0.8) (p < 0.05). Rural women were more willing to purchase DFS (79.2%) and TFS (73.0%) than urban women (65.0% DFS, 63.8% TFS). In conclusion, DFS and TFS are highly acceptable in Ethiopia, with women being the key target for their introduction. Mandatory fortification of both coarse and fine salts is recommended to maximize reach.
Web of Science‐Based Visualization of Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Pediatric and Adolescent Populations: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Hu Liangyu , Du Huarong , Zhou QianQian , Liu Chunlei , Zhang Tiansong , Yuan Min
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

The prevalence of metabolism‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in children is on the rise. This study employs visualization and analysis to evaluate the research implications, current advancements, and emerging trends in pediatric MAFLD, with the aim of elucidating its pathogenesis and informing the development of clinical treatment strategies.

Methods

Using visualization software, we conducted a visual analysis and mapping of the journal distribution, leading institutions, prominent authors, annual publication trends, and keyword frequencies among the 1179 scholarly articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection for this study.

Results

The overall publication volume demonstrated an upward trend, with a total of 200 journals, contributions from 63 countries, 882 research institutions, and 5605 authors involved, including 84 who were identified as core authors. The main research team is led by Nobili, Valerio. The main research institutions are concentrated in Italy, the United States, and China. A total of 473 keywords were included, and the keywords with high frequency and medium centricity are insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, children, steatohepatitis, adolescents, hepatic steatosis, nash, obesity, diagnosis, and fibrosis, which resulted in six keyword clusters.

Conclusion

MAFLD represents a significant public health concern. Research on children and adolescents with MAFLD continues to attract high interest. Noninvasive diagnostic methods, pathogenesis (intestinal microbiota research), disease prediction (gene research) are current research hotspots.
Targeting the Menin–KMT2A interaction in leukemia: Lessons learned and future directions
Authors: Perner Florian , Gadrey Jayant Y. , Armstrong Scott A. , Kühn Michael W. M.
Published: January 2025

Chromosomal rearrangements involving the Mixed Lineage Leukemia gene (MLL1, KMT2A) are defining a genetically distinct subset in about 10% of human acute leukemias. Translocations involving the KMT2A‐locus at chromosome 11q23 are resulting in the formation of a chimeric oncogene, where the N‐terminal part of KMT2A is fused to a variety of translocation partners. The most frequently found fusion partners of KMT2A in acute leukemia are the C‐terminal parts of AFF1, MLLT3, MLLT1 and MLLT10. Unfortunately, the presence of an KMT2A‐rearrangements is associated with adverse outcomes in leukemia patients. Moreover, non‐rearranged KMT2A‐complexes have been demonstrated to be crucial for disease development and maintenance in NPM1‐mutated and NUP98‐rearranged leukemia, expanding the spectrum of genetic disease subtypes that are dependent on KMT2A. Recent advances in the development of targeted therapy strategies to disrupt the function of KMT2A‐complexes in leukemia have led to the establishment of Menin–KMT2A interaction inhibitors that effectively eradicate leukemia in preclinical model systems and show favorable tolerability and significant efficacy in early‐phase clinical trials. Indeed, one Menin inhibitor, Revumenib, was recently approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory KMT2A‐rearranged acute leukemia. However, single agent therapy can lead to resistance. In this Review article we summarize our current understanding about the biology of pathogenic KMT2A‐complex function in cancer, specifically leukemia, and give a systematic overview of lessons learned from recent clinical and preclinical studies using Menin inhibitors.
The correlation between ANAs and pregnancy loss and their impact on IVF/ICSI‐ET pregnancy outcomes in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Liu Manman , Zhang Hebo , Xu Shilian , Zhang Rui , Yuan Mengfan , Ren Bingnan , Zhang Wenjuan , Liu Zhaozhao , Guan Yichun
Published: January 2025

Objective

To explore the correlation between antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and pregnancy loss (PL), and to observe its impact on the pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection‐embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI‐ET) in recurrent PL (RPL) patients.

Methods

In this retrospective study, patients first seen at the hospital between January 2016 and December 2022 and who underwent two ANA tests within 4–6 weeks were included. After exclusion of confounding factors, patients were allocated to the non‐pregnancy loss (non‐PL), single‐PL, or RPL group according to previous number of PLs, and the correlation between PL and ANAs was analyzed. The first embryo transfer (ET) after in vitro IVF/ICSI without immunological treatment was placed in the RPL group, and patients were classified into the ANA‐negative or ANA‐positive subgroup according to ANA titer. The effect of ANAs on pregnancy outcomes in the RPL patients after IVF/ICSI‐ET was further analyze.

Results

The results of multivariate unordered logistic regression showed that when the non‐PL group was used as the reference, ANA positivity was an independent risk factor for RPL (P = 0.023) but not for single PL (P = 0.654). When the single‐PL group was used as the reference, ANA positivity was an independent risk factor for RPL (P = 0.022). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the early PL rate of the ANA‐positive subgroup was significantly higher than that of the ANA‐negative subgroup (P = 0.009), and the total PL rate of the ANA‐positive subgroup was significantly higher than that of the ANA‐negative subgroup (P = 0.049).

Conclusion

The results showed that ANA positivity may be related to RPL occurrence, but there was no significant correlation between ANA positivity and single PL. ANA positivity is associated with PL occurrence in RPL patients after transfer, and the correlation is reflected mainly in the first trimester.
Projector‐Based Quantum Embedding Study of Iron Complexes
Authors: Waldrop Jonathan M. , Panyala Ajay , Mejia‐Rodriguez Daniel , Windus Theresa L. , Govind Niranjan
Published: January 2025

Projection‐based embedding theory (PBET) is used to calculate and assess the challenging spin‐crossover energies for a selection of small Fe‐containing systems by embedding the metal center into the frozen potential of the ligands. MP2, CCSD, and CCSD(T) are embedded in potentials from the SCAN and r2SCAN functionals and compared with the canonical values for the constituent methods and previously reported reference values. Considering the PBET calculations as a correction for the underlying DFT, the embedding calculations are able to provided improvement for most cases. In some cases, the PBET methods are able to compensate for limitations in the wave function methods and produce results similar to more rigorous calculations from the literature. For the systems with spin‐crossover energies near zero, the current methodology fails to provide consistent improvement. The isolated recalculation of the electronic structure around the metal center when embedded into a DFT treatment of the ligand field shows promise as a pragmatic and lower cost treatment compared to the canonical treatment of the whole system of the difficult class of spin‐crossover complexes.
An ultrasensitive chemosensor based on Pb(II) complex of a xanthene ligand as an easily commercially available dye for the detection of cysteine in biological samples
Authors: Moalemian Mehdi , Tavallali Hossein , Khazali Fereydoon , Hosseini Mina
Published: January 2025

In this study, an ultra‐sensitive colorimetric chemosensor was designed and built for the identification and determination of Pb2+ and cysteine (Cys) by optical color variation based on indicator displacement evaluation (IDA) using xanthine, bromopyrogallol red (BPR) dye. Label exchange between BPR and Cys occurred when Cys was added to the lead(II) complex (BPR), resulting in a clear and immediate color variation from red to purple in a DMSO/MES buffer (10.0 mmol/L, pH 5.5 (1:4 v/v)). The suggested method shows a detection limit of 5.0 nmol/L and a good linear range of 0.04–4.71 μmol/L for cysteine. Moreover, based on the produced absorbance and color variation, this chemosensor is suggested as an “IMPLICATION” logic gate discussing Pb2+ and cysteine as input. As an application in molecular devices, based on such a fast and repeatable signal, a molecular‐scale sequential memory unit has been designed to exhibit “keypad lock” behavior. The expanded receptor provides satisfactory reproducibility, good precision, and is used for selective determination of Cys in human blood plasma and urine. In addition, the procedure's precision was compared with the results of the suggested procedure with the HPLC method.
Fast and efficient preparation of a carbonaceous catalyst from the rice husk under microwave irradiation for the conversion of xylose into furfural
Authors: Doan Vinh Thanh Chau , Nguyen Nhung Tuyet Thi , Le Thinh An Tan , Tran Phuong Hoang
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Furfural is an important platform compound obtained through the dehydration of xylose, a key component of lignocellulosic biomass. Carbonaceous catalysts for this conversion have received rising interest due to low‐cost price and easy modification. Rice husk is an abundant agricultural waste that could be employed as a carbon source for the preparation of many carbon materials, especially through green methods.

RESULTS

A carbonaceous catalyst (RH‐SO₃H) derived from rice husk through microwave (MW)‐assisted carbonization and sulfonation was employed as the catalyst for the conversion of xylose to furfural in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy results indicated that RH‐SO3H had typical signals of Brønsted acid groups while other characteristics were examined through other techniques, namely X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental mapping. Through many investigations, the furfural yields were impacted by the nature of solvents, substrate concentrations, catalyst dosages, reaction temperatures, and reaction time. A furfural yield of 60.3% was obtained at 160 °C for 8 h. The catalyst recyclability and the scalability ability of the procedure were examined, and a mechanism was also proposed.

CONCLUSION

Rice husk could be used as a starting source to prepare a carbon material via a MW‐irradiated protocol. The conversion of xylose to furfural under the catalysis of RH‐SO3H was easily operated, and the desired product was obtained in good yield. The crucial advantages of the current process are environmentally friendly, inexpensive, simple, and highly large‐scale application. The findings pave the way for eco‐friendly industrial applications, promoting circular economy principles and reducing reliance on non‐renewable resources in platform chemical production. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Deep Learning‐Assisted Computer‐Aided Diagnosis System for Early Detection of Lung Cancer
Authors: Lisha R. , Agees Kumar C. , Ajith Bosco Raj T.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The largest cause of cancer‐related fatalities worldwide is lung cancer. The dimensions and positioning of the primary tumor, the presence of lesions, the type of lung cancer like malignant or benign, and the good mental health diagnosis all play a part in the diagnosis of the disease.

Methods

Three processes should be used by standard computer‐assisted diagnosis (CAD) systems to detect lung cancer: preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. Fast nonlocal means filter is first used for preprocessing (FNLM). The lung pictures are processed using the Binary Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (BGOA) to extract the features.

Results

The 10 levels of the neural network architecture which automatically gathers data and categorizes them are added to the current study's suggested model, which subtracts the five levels of Imagenet. Using the same Modèle dataset, the proposed model was compared to deep learning techniques.

Conclusion

In terms of accuracy and sensitivity, the suggested model performed better than the existing techniques (99.53% accuracy and 98.95% sensitivity). The effectiveness of the suggested strategy is superior to that of alternative methods when it is near the true positive values at the ROC curve.
Navigating Nature's Terrain: Jumping Performance Robust to Substrate Moisture and Roughness by Blackspotted Rockskippers (Entomacrodus striatus)
Authors: Bartlett Daniel T. , Raffle Kaylin O. , Pettit Hayley N. , Brainard Miranda K. , Houglan Paityn M. , Gamel Kaelyn , Nopper Zachary O. , Harden Rebekah K. , Garner Austin M. , Londraville Richard L. , Astley Henry C.
Published: January 2025

Escape responses are vital for the survival of prey. The high speeds and accelerations needed to evade predators successfully require exerting forces on the environment. Unlike water, terrestrial habitats can vary in ways that constrain the forces applied, requiring animals to adjust their behavior in response to variable conditions. We evaluated the terrestrial jumping of an amphibious fish, the blackspotted rockskipper (Entomacrodus striatus), to determine if substrate roughness and wetness influence jumping performance. We predicted that rockskippers would produce a greater force output as substrate roughness increased and wetness decreased. Using a novel waterproof force plate capable of detecting millinewton loads, we collected ground reaction forces from rockskippers jumping on wet and dry sandpapers of varying grits. We also used micro‐CT scans to quantify muscle mass as a relative fraction of body mass to determine if these jumps could be performed without power amplification. Mixed‐model analysis of jumps revealed significantly higher maximum horizontal forces, jump duration, and maximum power on dry versus wet substrates, but no effect of substrate roughness. However, the final jump outcomes (takeoff speed and angle) were unaffected. Peak jump power was within the range of typical fish muscle. Thus, these fish display a jumping behavior which is robust to substrate property variation.
The Leading Circulation Patterns of Meiyu Onset in the Yangtze–Huaihe River Valley and Its Relationship With the North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
Authors: Yin Haoran , Yao Suxiang , Sun Tianle
Published: January 2025

The Meiyu rainfall anomaly is closely associated with the early or late onset of Meiyu, and accurately predicting its onset is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation. This study examines the diverse circulation patterns governing the Meiyu onset in the Yangtze–Huaihe River Valley and elucidates its underlying mechanism through statistical diagnosis and numerical simulation. The findings indicate that over the recent 31 years, three distinct circulation patterns of the Meiyu onset (referred to as MO‐I, MO‐II and MO‐III) with different blocking situations in mid‐high latitude are observed. The Rossby wave trains connect the weather systems in the mid‐high latitude and subtropical regions, leading to the coevolution of the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH), the South Asian High (SAH), the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet (EASWJ) and the Ural blocking pattern. Furtherly, the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Atlantic prior to the Meiyu onset can stimulate the key Rossby wave trains that pass through the Ural Mountains and connect with the East Asian subtropical zone. In MO‐I, a dipole SST pattern characterised by positive anomalies in southeast Greenland and negative anomalies in the mid‐latitude West Atlantic induces negative geopotential anomalies over the Ural Mountains. Concurrently, the WPSH and the SAH exhibit weakened intensities compared to their climatological states, resulting in a delayed onset date relative to the other two types. Conversely, SST anomalies of MO‐III exhibit an opposite pattern to MO‐I, and the concurrent intensified Ural Blocking High, WPSH and SAH facilitate the earliest Meiyu onset. For MO‐II, an antiphase distribution of SST anomalies in the mid‐latitude West Atlantic and southern Iceland stimulates two wave trains along the polar front jet and the EASWJ, producing a circulation similar to the climatological state of the Meiyu onset. This research can serve as a foundation for Meiyu prediction and monitoring.