bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIERVOS EN CIUDADANIZACIÓN: EL POTENCIAL DE LAS PRÁCTICAS LUDO – CORPORALES ESCOLARIZADAS Y NO ESCOLARIZADAS EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL ENTRAMADO SOCIAL EN LA CIUDAD DE MEDELLÍN, CASO: EN LA I.E. ANTONIO RICAURTE
Authors: Hincapié Daniel , Herrera María Isabel
Published: March 2020

En el contexto de la Práctica Pedagógica universitaria, a partir de una convocatoria abierta dirigida a losgrupos decimo y once de la Institución Educativa Antonio Ricaurte, ubicado en Belén Rincón/Comuna 16 deMedellín (Una de las más grandes y pobladas de esta ciudad con 193.343 habitantes), se desarrolla unapropuesta de intervención pedagógica de tipo IAP; dos practicantes universitarios de licenciatura en educaciónfísica y quince jóvenes de ambos sexos asumen el rol de coinvestigadores, exploran, valoran y experimentanprácticas ludocorporales escolarizadas y no escolarizadas que tengan a juicio de los participantes potencialeducativo para la formación de una ciudadanía crítica.
COMPOSICIÓN CORPORAL Y SOMATOTIPO DE DEPORTISTAS DE ALTO RENDIMIENTO DE LA DISCIPLINA CANOTAJE EN LA REGIÓN DEL BIO BIO, CHILE
Authors: Retamales Muñoz Francisco , Valle Parodi Rodrigo
Published: March 2020

El objetivo del estudio es determinar la Composición Corporal y Somatotipo de deportistas de alto rendimiento de ladisciplina canotaje en la región del Bio – Bio que han participado durante el año 2014 de eventos nacionales einternacionales. Muestra: Participaron 14 deportistas de canotaje, divididos en 6 damas (19,32±0,88 años, masa65,183±7,22 kg, estatura 160,8±4,76 cm) y 8 varones (16,20±1,79 años, masa de 71,48±9,18 kg, estatura 172,5±5,61 cm)que han sido nominados durante el año 2014 a selectivos nacionales de la especialidad. Metodología: La valoración dela composición corporal se utilizó la fórmula de Kerr (1988), y para el cálculo del somatotipo se utilizó la fórmula deHeath & Carter (1990), siguiendo las recomendaciones de la sociedad internacional de Kineantropometría (ISAK).Resultados: En cuanto a damas, en la composición corporal se obtuvieron los valores medios de MA 29,15% - MM46,27% – MO 9,74% - MR 9,86% - MP 4,97% con un somatotipo medio de mesoendomorfo y en varones, en composicióncorporal los valores medios fueron de MA 23,03% - MM 48,66% – MO 11,21% - MR 11,89% - MP 5,21% con unsomatotipo medio de Mesomorfo balanceado. Conclusiones: Los deportistas de alto rendimiento en la especialidad decanotaje, de la región del Bio Bio, presentan tendencias de mesoendomorfismo relativo en damas, y mesomorfismo envarones, con una tendencia a desviarse de la media ofrecida por el Z-Score o Phantom respecto al modelopentacompartimental. Con un gran volumen muscular que caracteriza su desarrollo deportivo y diámetros óseos porsobre lo normal.
DIFERENCIA DE SALTABILIDAD EN EL BLOQUEO Y COMPOSICIÓN CORPORAL ENTRE JUGADORES DE DISTINTAS POSICIONES DE LA SELECCIÓN MASCULINA DE VOLEIBOL DE LA PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE VALPARAÍSO
Authors: Castro Gerdes Paula
Published: March 2020

La capacidad de salto y características antropométricas pueden determinar una posible posición de juego de unvoleibolista dentro de la cancha. Existen variados tipos de salto dentro de un partido de voleibol, siendo el salto debloqueo uno de los más importantes. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la capacidad de salto por medio de unaplataforma de salto y la composición corporal por medio de evaluaciones antropométricas a 11 voleibolistas (dediferentes posiciones) pertenecientes a la selección de voleibol de la PUCV para luego determinar relaciones entre lasvariables. Los resultados obtenidos indican que dentro de los 11 deportistas de la PUCV los centrales son los que tienenmejor capacidad de salto y un menor % de masa adiposa, y por el contrario los armadores son los que obtuvieron la másbaja capacidad de salto y el más elevado % de masa adiposa. Al comparar los deportistas de la PUCV con voleibolistasprofesionales se observa que las diferencias son significativas. Esto se debe al amateurismo del voleibol en la PUCV. Esdifícil comparar a los deportistas de la PUCV con profesionales, ya que son realidades totalmente diferentes. Pero cabedestacar que las variables de saltabilidad y composición corporal, condicionan a un voleibolista en una determinadaposición de juego.
How to upload your presentation materials and opening them for comments
Authors: Gibson Hazel , Cook Terri , Hill Chloe
Published: March 2020

Scientific sessions encourage authors to upload and share their presentation materials and opt in to commenting from 1 April 2020 onwards. From 4 to 8 May 2020, during the week of EGU2020: Sharing Geoscience Online, each session hosts a live chat for community exchange and discussion on the presentations of that session.
The viability of the crustacean Eurycercus lamellatus (Branchiopoda, Cladocera) in a high mountain area in southern Norway
Authors: Qvenild Tore , Hesthagen Trygve
Published: March 2020

The branchiopod Eurycercus lamellatus is widely distributed in Norwegian lakes, ranging from coastal to alpine areas. On the Hardangervidda mountain plateau in southern Norway, E. lamellatus was searched for in 144 lakes in 11 catchments in the western and 16 catchments in the central and eastern areas. Their occurrence is mainly based on the diet of brown trout Salmo trutta. Eurycercus lamellatus was recorded in 25% and 70% of the lakes in these two areas, respectively. This may be due to striking differences in the environmental conditions, with more dilute water and lower water temperatures in western areas, and hence shorter growing seasons. The occurrence of E. lamellatus in central and eastern catchments increased with lake size, being found in 65% and 85% of lakes with a surface area of <2.0 and ≥2.0 km2, respectively. In the western area, E. lamellatus occurred less frequently in lakes above 1000 m a.s.l. That was not the case for lakes in central and eastern catchments. In this central part of Hardangervidda, the relative abundance of E. lamellatus in the diet of brown trout was obtained from five different lakes, showing that they were preyed upon throughout the growing season (June to October). When the two big crustaceans Gammarus lacustris and Lepidurus arcticus are at low densities in these lakes, E. lamellatus became the staple food item for brown trout, except for larger fish (>400 mm). However, under high predation pressure, E. lamellatus also contributed significantly to the diet of larger fish. The abundance of E. lamellatus seems to vary highly on a yearly basis in one of the lakes (Sandvatn). Even though E. lamellatus is described as a typical littoral species, it was common down to depths of 15 m.
Determinación del grado de contaminación luminosa producto de las luces artificiales en el sector Oeste de la ciudad de Managua, Nicaragua. Periodo diciembre 2016 a enero 2017
Authors: Garcia Montano Humberto A. , Chow Martinez Marcel , Silva Sozaa Rosalba
Published: March 2020

En este estudio se pretende dar los primeros pasos para cuantificar la contaminación lumínica como consecuencia de la iluminación artificial en el occidente de la ciudad de Managua, Nicaragua. El grado de contaminación lumínica fue evaluado midiendo la dispersión de Rayleigh de la luz artificial sobre el cielo nocturno. Se realizaron mediciones in situ con el fotómetro Unihedron Sky Quality Meter (SQM-L) por las principales avenidas de la parte occidental de la ciudad Managua en noches de luna nueva y cielo despejado entre los meses de diciembre 2016 a enero 2017. Con estos datos se elaboró el primer mapa de la distribución espacial del brillo del cielo nocturno de la zona occidental de la ciudad de Managua y se obtuvo un brillo superficial de 16,45 mag/arcsec2. Este valor clasifica el brillo del cielo de Managua como Clase 6: Resplandor de Cielo Urbano de acuerdo a la escala Unihedron y en nivel Color Rojo de acuerdo a la escala de Bortle. Además, se usaron imágenes satelitales del Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) para analizar el crecimiento de la iluminación artificial de Managua entre los años 1992 a 2013.
OSCE performance among Quebec urology residents: A retrospective study from 2008–2019
Authors: Garabed Laurianne Rita , Almarzouq Ahmad , Hu Jason , Andonian Sero , El-Sherbiny Mohamed , Fahmy Nader
Published: March 2020

Introduction: We aimed to compare objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) performance of residents from four Canadian urology programs, based on resident and station characteristics. We also aimed to evaluate OSCE contents by station type and subspecialty.

Methods: Scores of 109 post-graduate year (PGY)-3 to PGY-5 residents were retrospectively reviewed from 19 OSCEs from May 2008 to February 2019. Scores were grouped by station type/subspecialty, PGY level, medical graduate type (Canadian medical graduate [CMG], international medical graduate [IMG]), sex, and choice of fellowship/practice. Linear mixed modelling was performed to obtain least square means to account for repeated measures.

Results: Score increases from PGY-3 to PGY-5 were significant for all station types and subspecialties (p≤0.001). Scores were similar between male and female residents, and between CMGs and IMGs, except in visual recognition examinations (VREs) (males: 44.3±1.0, females: 39.0±1.6, p=0.005; IMG: 47.3±1.7, CMG: 41.6±0.9, p=0.004). Relative to uro-oncology stations, scores were lower in andrology (p=0.010) and functional urology (p<0.001). More female residents chose pediatric (14.3% vs. 1.5%; p=0.024) and functional urology fellowships (17.9% vs. 2.9%; p=0.021). More male residents chose endourology/robotic fellowships (30.9% vs. 10.7%; p=0.042). No associations between subspecialty scores and choice of fellowship/practice were found. Oral stations and VREs were more frequent than telephone stations. Uro-oncology and pediatric urology were more frequent than other subspecialties.

Conclusions: Scores improved with higher PGY level. IMGs and male residents scored better in VREs. Scores were lower in functional urology. There was no correlation between subspecialty score and choice of fellowship/practice. Subspecialties and forms of evaluation were not equally represented.
Quantifying the effect of biopsy lateral decubitus patient positioning compared to supine prostate MRI scanning on prostate translocation and distortion
Authors: Snoj Ziga , Rundo Leonardo , Gill Andrew B. , Barrett Tristan
Published: March 2020

Introduction: More than a quarter of tumors are missed by magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound (MRI/US) fusion-guided biopsy, the majority due to software-based misregistration. Transrectal approaches to biopsy are typically performed in the lateral decubitus position; conversely, diagnostic MRI is performed with the patient lying supine. Any position-related difference in prostate location or gland deformation could potentially exacerbate misregistration at subsequent biopsy.

Methods: Fifteen healthy male volunteers (mean age 35.9 years, range 27–53) were included in this prospective, institutional review board-approved study. Each volunteer had an MRI performed in the supine position, followed by the second in the lateral decubitus position (mimicking a typical biopsy position). MRI images were co-registered and analyzed in order to assess prostate translocation and distortion.

Results: Whole prostate translocation of ≥5 mm was observed in 20% of patients and ≥3 mm in 60% of patients. When dividing the prostate into prostatic sectors, the prostatic base demonstrated the largest positional difference. When plotting the translocation directions with relative volume difference, there was a moderate negative correlation trend in the latero-lateral direction. Only minimal distortion was observed, with similar distortion among all prostatic sectors.

Conclusions: Positional change affects the prostate translocation, however, the effect on prostate distortion appears to be negligible. Prostate translocation in latero-lateral direction can be minimized with larger bladder volumes. Thereby, prostate translocation needs to be considered alongside software misregistration error; however, positional change should not affect software registration of MRI/US fusion-guided prostate biopsy.
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in Recent Dated Sediment Cores of Imo River, SE Nigeria: Environmental/Historical Implications
Authors: Oyo-Ita Inyang O. , Umoh Unyime U. , Ugim Ugim S. , Oyo-Ita Emmanuella E. , Oyo-Ita Orok E.
Published: March 2020

Four recent sediment cores (0-30 cm long) from Afam (AF), Mangrove (MG), Estuary (ES) and illegal Petroleum refinery (PT) sites of the Imo River, Southeastern Nigeria were analyzed to characterize the sources and distribution of organic matter (OM), as well as examine their historical trends of deposition and assess human-induced changes in the last ca. 5 decades using biomarker approach. Radionuclides 210Pb and 137Cs were used to assign approximate dates to each section of the cores. Evaluation of proxy parameters such as carbon preference index (CPI, 2.01 - 2.19), carbon number maximum (Cmax, 29, 31) and atomic C/N (16.51-31.32) for the most recent top layers (0-5 cm) revealed greater wash-in of land-derived organic matter (OM), attributable to the recent rise in water height. The bottom layer (PT1, 25-30 cm,) of the PT core deposited ca. 1964-1972 exhibited a CPI of 0.97 and pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph, 3.75), suggesting that oil bunkering/illegal refinery activity had begun in the region ca. 8 years after the first commercial discovery of oil in Nigeria in 1956. The occurrence in high abundance of heptadecane in the middle layer (ES4, 10-15 cm) of the ES almost corresponded with the period of eutrophication that blocked the waterway in the late 1980s. Measurement of a marked unresolved complex mixture at the near-top layer (AF5, 5-10 cm) of the AF indicated that the heaviest contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons occurred at ca. 1997-2005. This time frame coincided with the period of intensive bunkering and oil pipeline vandalism by Niger Delta militant groups.
Game Changing New Regulatory Changes for China's Non-Hydro Renewable Energy Sector
Authors: Yu Tommi
Published: March 2020

The beginning of 2020 has brought a long-awaited blessing to non-hydro renewable energy sector given by China’s policy makers. New regulatory developments represent a real game changer, carrying potential to propel latent sub-sectors toward becoming powerful engines for China’s sustainable energy future. Implications will be economically and socially significant for grid companies, for businesses, and for end users. This paper analyses the characteristics of newly minted rules by China’s policy makers and top regulator. It further outlines the most important aspects of what grid operators, their customers, and businesses shall anticipate in actual terms. It often has turned out that new regulatory developments end as nothing more than a footnote to the general narrative on China’s energy future, yet this paper demonstrates how consequential current regulatory undertakings are for the non-hydro renewable energy sector and all the stakeholders involved.
Local Knowledge on Development The Missing Link in the Research-Policy Nexus of Sustainable Development
Authors: Ahmadzai Atal
Published: March 2020

A sense of urgency has developed to increase efforts towards the realization of the 2030 Agenda. Latest assessments recommend an urgent change of course in the implementation of the Agenda, should the pledge of ‘Leaving No One Behind’ be realized. In addition to others, challenges associated with the evaluation function of the Agenda are threatening its successful implementation. Technical challenges and political sensitivities impede the practicality of the evaluation function, thereby off-tracking progress. The lack of enough human and material resources at national and international levels, underdeveloped data systems of developing countries, the lack of non-DAC aid data; and measurability issues of some of the goals and targets are the technical challenges associated with the evaluation function of the Agenda. Furthermore, weak political-will at national levels towards Sustainable Development is another hurdle for the evaluation function of the Agenda. This commentary explores these challenges. It reveals that the existing evaluation mechanisms are not responsive and are inadequate to render the 2030 Agenda inclusive and transformational. To overcome this, the commentary proposes the “Global Enterprise of Local-Knowledge on Development,” a collaborative evaluation model for incorporating local knowledge to transform comprehensions and operationalizations of development. For appropriately assessing developmental interventions, the model proposes mandating local educational institutions to continuously engage at grassroots levels to synthesize local reviews on developmental interventions and channel them upwards to national and global levels. The model is characterized by establishing horizontal and bottom-up vertical flows of knowledge in order to evaluate and assess developmental interventions.
Key PotentiallyInappropriateDrugs in Pediatrics: The KIDs List
Authors: Meyers Rachel S. , Thackray Jennifer , Matson Kelly L. , McPherson Christopher , Lubsch Lisa , Hellinga Robert C. , Hoff David S.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES The safe use of medications in pediatric patients requires practitioners to consider the unique pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs prescribed in this age group. In an effort to create a standard of care for the safe use of medications in this population, a list of drugs that are potentially inappropriate for use in pediatric patients has been developed and titled the “KIDs List.”

METHODS A panel of 7 pediatric pharmacists from the Pediatric Pharmacy Association were recruited to evaluate primary, secondary, and tertiary literature; FDA Pediatric Safety Communications; the Lexicomp electronic database; and product information for drugs that should be considered potentially inappropriate for use in pediatric patients. Information was rated using predefined criteria. A PubMed search was conducted using the following terms: adverse drug events OR adverse drug reactions. The search was limited to humans; age <18 years; case reports, observational studies, or clinical trials; and English language. No date range was used. Results were used to create an evidence-based list of candidate drugs that was then peer-reviewed and subjected to a 30-day public comment period prior to being finalized.

RESULTS A PubMed search yielded 4049 unique titles, of which 210 were deemed relevant for full review. Practitioner recommendations highlighted an additional 77 drugs. FDA Pediatric Safety Communications and the Lexicomp database yielded 22 and 619 drugs, respectively. After critical analysis, peer review, and public review the final KIDs List contains 67 drugs and/or drug classes and 10 excipients.

CONCLUSIONS This extensive effort led to compilation of the first list of drugs that are potentially inappropriate for prescribing in all or in a select subgroup of pediatric patients. If avoidance is not clinically possible, the drug should be used with caution and accompanied by appropriate monitoring.
The Heterogeneity of Intralingual Translation
Authors: Hill-Madsen Aage
Published: March 2020

The aim of this article is to contribute to the establishment of a sub-field of translation studies, namely a sub-field devoted to the research of intralingual translation. The article’s contribution to this project is both theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part of the article, an already existing, five-partite typology of intralingual translation is reviewed and on certain points refined. The empirical part is taken up by three case studies, each representing a particular subcategory of intralingual translation. The first study investigates translation between two geographical dialects (American and British English), the second examines the rewriting of a specialized, pharmaceutical product summary into a register aimed at lay readers, and the third investigates the modernization of one of Shakespeare’s plays. A primary concern of the case studies is to chart the range and nature of the translation strategies employed in the transformation of source texts into intralingual target texts. Translation strategies are conceptualized asshiftsin the article, and well-known concepts from translation studies are applied in the analyses. The analytical results reflect clear differences, but also certain striking similarities between the types of shifts manifested in the individual cases.
Designing disease-resistant crops: From basic knowledge to biotechnology
Authors: Giménez-Ibánez Selena
Published: March 2020

Ancient records describe how plant diseases were attributed to many causes, including divine power, religious belief, and superstition. Far from these days, we now have detailed knowledge about how plant immunity is executed. Plants employ two types of sensors to perceive and defeat the litany of pathogenic organisms that attack them, whilst microbes deploy a myriad of specialized weapons to suppress immunity and promote infection. This opens a path to exploiting these insights to increase crop resistance. Here we describe novel biotechnological approaches for designing superior disease-resistant crops to fight agricultural losses in the field while reducing chemical inputs, towards a more sustainable agriculture that ensures food security.
Plantas a la carta: La edición de genomas para la mejora vegetal
Authors: Gómez-Mena Concha
Published: March 2020

Las plantas que comemos son el resultado de un largo proceso de domesticación de especies silvestres realizado por los seres humanos. En la actualidad la tecnología de edición de genes CRISPR/Cas proporciona una nueva aproximación para la mejora de los cultivos a la vez que ofrece un interesante espectro de posibilidades en la obtención de variedades con características nuevas y más saludables. La tecnología se apoya en dos pilares fundamentales: por un lado, el conocimiento de la secuencia de genomas completos y, por otro, la identificación de la función de los genes. En menos de una década, diseñar plantas a la carta ha pasado de ser una utopía a una posibilidad real.
Soberanía y negación de la vida humana. Un análisis sociopolítico sobre el control del riesgo
Authors: Gutiérrez Adriana María Ruiz , Solano Vélez Henry Roberto
Published: March 2020

Contemporary sovereignty is updated within the field of governmentality, and exercises its power in an extralegal and extrahuman form on certain populations considered dangerous for social security. These practices lead to unlivable lives not only because they are outside the law, but also, and for the same logical reasons, because they are outside the frameworks that define what is human. Guantanamo constitutes the exemplary paradigm of the denial of the legal and ontological status of prisoners whose lives are suspended indefinitely. Among the conclusions drawn from this reflection is that the excess of sovereign power threatens the human life of those sectors considered to be dangerous, as well as community life which becomes reduced to risk, enmity and rejection.
Short-term changes in demersal fish assemblages exploited by an artisanal set gill net fishery in the Caribbean Sea (Colombia)
Authors: Salazar-Pérez Carlos , Choles-Rodríguez Eduardo , Manjarrés-Martínez Luis
Published: March 2020

A basic input for implementing ecosystem-based management measures is the knowledge on fish assemblages exploited by multispecies fisheries, such as the set gill net artisanal fishery in the Gulf of Salamanca (GoS), Caribbean Sea (Colombia), which catches a large number of high-value demersal species. Assemblages of this type were identified in this study, and significant differences (P < 0.01) between sampling periods (2008 and 2013) and seasons were found by means of a two-way permutational multivariate analysis of variance. These results were consistent with those obtained with the principal coordinates analysis, indicating the occurrence of short-term structural changes in these assemblages. Interannual and seasonal variations in discriminant and typifying species were also identified using similarity percentages, and a decreasing trend in landing per unit effort was established by the bootstrap method. On the other hand, both the geographic location of the fishing grounds and the characterization of historical changes in the set gill nets used in the GoS were determined using the traditional ecological knowledge of local fishermen, who reported a decrease in mesh sizes. In conclusion, temporal variations could be related to changes in the gill nets, the fishing trip schedules, and the spatial distribution of fishing effort, all which occurred in response to the decrease in catch rates in traditional fishing grounds.
Identification and Abundance of Fruit Fly Species Responsible for Fruit Drop of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Atanu S. O. , Echezona B. C. , Ugwuoke K. I.
Published: March 2020

Background and Objective: Citrus is one of the most important and among the top ten widely cultivated fruits in Nigeria. It is produced more in the Guinea and Sudan Savanna zones of the country with Benue State having the highest annual production. In the South of Savanna region of Africa, particularly in Nigeria; despite the economic, nutritional and health benefits of citrus, limited research work has been carried out on the identification and control of fruit flies of economic importance to the crop. The objectives of this study are to identify and determine the abundance of the fruit fly species responsible for fruit drop of citrus in Benue State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: Fruit fly identification was done through fruit culture experiment carried out in the College of Agronomy Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi in October 2014 and October 2015.The experiment was a 2 x 3 factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications. The two factors were Zones (Zone A and B) and Varieties (Ibadan Sweet, Valencia and Washington Navel). Ten naturally infested orange fruits from four randomly selected citrus trees of each variety in each zone were weighed and placed in each plastic rearing box with dimension 39 x 27 x 26 cm containing sterilized moist soil securely covered with 1 mm mesh net for pupation and adult insect emergence. Emerged adults were killed using Mobil insecticide (Cyphenothrin), counted, sexed and stored in specimen bottles with 70% alcohol for preservation and later identification.

Results: Fruit fly species identified from citrus fruit culture were: Bactrocera invadens (Drew), Ceratitis capitata (Weid) and Dacus bivittata (Biggot).  Bactrocera invadens were the most abundant species and accounted for 63.70% in Washington navel and 63.10% in Valencia in 2014 and 2015 respectively. The varieties showed no significant differences (p>0.05) on the abundance of Ceratitis capitata and Dacus bivittata in 2014. In 2015 however, Ibadan Sweet variety showed significant difference (p < 0.05) on the abundance of Ceratitis capitata (28.30%) when compared with other varieties (15.8%) each.

Conclusion: Fruit fly species responsible for citrus fruit drop in Benue State were Bactrocera invadens (Drew), Ceratitis capitata (Weid) and Dacus bivittata (Biggot) with Bactrocera invadens (Drew) recorded as the most abundant species.
Development and Quality Characteristics of Cookies from Sprouted Sorghum, Pigeon Pea and Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Flour Blends
Authors: Bello Florence A. , Akpan Etoro-Obong E. , Ntukidem Victor E.
Published: March 2020

The present study was undertaken to produce cookies from readily available but underutilized Nigerian crops such as sorghum, pigeon pea and orange fleshed sweet potato. Different blends of sprouted sorghum, pigeon pea and orange fleshed potato flour were mixed and coded in the ratios (w/w) 100:0:0 (A), 95:5:0 (B), 85:10:5(C), 75:15:10(D), 65:20:15(E) while 100% wheat flour (F) was produced as control. The functional properties of the flour samples were determined while produced cookies were evaluated for their physical, proximate, selected vitamins, anti-nutrients and sensory properties using standard methods. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in water absorption capacity, bulk density and swelling index of flour blends were observed as the level of substitutions increased. Control sample had the highest weight (13.89 g) and spread ratio (1.22) while sample E had the least weight (7.31 g) and least spread ratio (0.92). Moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, crude fibre contents as well as energy value of flour blends cookies were significantly (p < 0.05) higher with increased level of pigeon pea and potato flours addition. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the carbohydrate content of the cookies was observed. Vitamin A and C contents of sample E were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the value obtained for sample F. Anti-nutritional factors in the cookies samples were within permissible levels. Sensory ratings showed that sample B compared favourably with sample F based on overall acceptability.
Assessment of Gamma Oryzanol Variability, an Attractive Rice Bran Bioactive Compound
Authors: Lageiro M. Manuela , Castanho Ana , Pereira Cristiana , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Ferreira Isabel C.F.R. , Brites Carla
Published: March 2020

Gamma-oryzanol is a compound present on rice bran, which has been studied for its bioactive properties, including its cytotoxic activity. The gamma-oryzanol biosynthesis occurs on the lipidic membrane of the plant and can be influenced by edaphoclimatic grown conditions. Two Portuguese rice varieties (Ceres and Maçarico) from 6 growing environments were analysed in order to explore the influence of the growing conditions on the gamma-oryzanol content, its constituents, and cytotoxic effect against 4 human tumour cell lines  (NCI-H460, HeLa, HepG2, and MCF -7). The overall variability of gamma-oryzanol concentration was from 1.56 g / Kg to   3.19 g / Kg, Ceres reveals higher values than Maçarico; those concentrations also varied with the growing environment. The environment was also determinant for the individual concentration of the 3 gamma-oryzanol compounds (cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, and campesteryl ferulate). A cytotoxic effect was observed for all the tested tumour cell lines and also varied with the growing environment.
Durum wheat grain and pasta from locally-grown crops: a case-study on Saragolla (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum) and Senatore Cappelli (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) wheats
Authors: Rita Acquistucci , Valentina Melini , Vincenzo Galli
Published: March 2020

The ancient grains Senatore Cappelli and Saragolla are often used as raw material, generally in mixture, for the production of pasta, which represents one of the most consumed foods in Italy. Due to the wide employment of these wheats in cereal based foods, it was found interesting to get information on the nutritional value of food as widespread as pasta made by means of such wheats. In this study, long and short pasta samples produced from Saragolla and Senatore Cappelli were considered. Proximate chemical composition, starch digestibility and antioxidant compounds as well as cooking properties were studied. When the optimum cooking time is applied, pasta presents good sensory characteristics also thanks to the high protein content of raw material. Moreover, the employment of the durum whole meal in the pasta production, also guarantees a good level of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds.
ddhCTP produced by the radical‐SAM activity of RSAD2 (viperin) inhibits the NAD+‐dependent activity of enzymes to modulate metabolism
Authors: Honarmand Ebrahimi Kourosh , Vowles Jane , Browne Cathy , McCullagh James , James William S.
Published: March 2020

Radical S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) domain‐containing protein 2 (RSAD2; viperin) is a key enzyme in innate immune responses that is highly expressed in response to viral infection and inflammatory stimuli in many cell types. Recently, it was found that RSAD2 catalyses transformation of cytidine triphosphate (CTP) to its analogue 3′‐deoxy‐3′,4′‐didehydro‐CTP (ddhCTP). The cellular function of this metabolite is unknown. Here, we analysed the extra‐ and intracellular metabolite levels in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived macrophages using high‐resolution LC‐MS/MS. The results together with biochemical assays and molecular docking simulations revealed that ddhCTP inhibits the NAD+‐dependent activity of enzymes including that of the housekeeping enzyme glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). We propose that ddhCTP regulates cellular metabolism in response to inflammatory stimuli such as viral infection, pointing to a broader function of RSAD2 than previously thought.
Mechanism of Crystal Formation in Ruddlesden–Popper Sn‐Based Perovskites
Authors: Dong Jingjin , Shao Shuyan , Kahmann Simon , Rommens Alexander J. , Hermida‐Merino Daniel , ten Brink Gert H. , Loi Maria A. , Portale Giuseppe
Published: March 2020

Knowledge of the mechanism of formation, orientation, and location of phases inside thin perovskite films is essential to optimize their optoelectronic properties. Among the most promising, low toxicity, lead‐free perovskites, the tin‐based ones are receiving much attention. Here, an extensive in situ and ex situ structural study is performed on the mechanism of crystallization from solution of 3D formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3), 2D phenylethylammonium tin iodide (PEA2SnI4), and hybrid PEA2FAn−1SnnI3n+1 Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites. Addition of small amounts of low‐dimensional component promotes oriented 3D‐like crystallite growth in the top part of the film, together with an aligned quasi‐2D bottom‐rich phase. The sporadic bulk nucleation occurring in the pure 3D system is negligible in the pure 2D and in the hybrid systems with sufficiently high PEA content, where only surface crystallization occurs. Moreover, tin‐based perovskites form through a direct conversion of a disordered precursor phase without forming ordered solvated intermediates and thus without the need of thermal annealing steps. The findings are used to explain the device performances over a wide range of composition and shed light onto the mechanism of the formation of one of the most promising Sn‐based perovskites, providing opportunities to further improve the performances of these interesting Pb‐free materials.
Scalable Electrochemical Transition‐Metal‐Free Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling Amination Enabled Alkaloid Clausines Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Pan , Li Baoying , Niu Liwei , Wang Ling , Zhang Guofeng , Jia Xiaofei , Zhang Guoying , Liu Siyuan , Ma Li , Gao Wei , Qin Dawei , Chen Jianbin
Published: March 2020

Reported herein is an environmentally benign electrochemical C−H bond dehydrogenative amination protocol for the construction of privileged carbazole moiety with broad generality. Preliminary mechanistic investigations implied a radical reaction pathway. Compared with traditional ionic routes, the scalable transition‐metal and exogenous‐oxidant free strategy highlighted the green and sustainable nature of this method.

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Evaluating backward chaining methods on vocational tasks by adults with developmental disabilities
Authors: Kobylarz Ashley M. , DeBar Ruth M. , Reeve Kenneth F. , Meyer Linda S.
Published: March 2020

Backward chains are widely used to teach complex skills to individuals with developmental disabilities. Implementation of chaining procedures may vary regarding untaught steps and there is little to guide practitioners in the selection of chaining procedures. Moreover, there is a dearth of research evaluating effectiveness and efficiency of procedural variations of behavior chains. The purpose of this study was to extend previous research by evaluating the effectiveness, efficiency, and preference for four procedural variations (i.e., teacher‐completion, participant‐completion, no‐completion, and a control condition) of backward chains across vocational tasks with adults with developmental disabilities. Although procedural variations effectively established vocational skills, the participant‐completion procedure (in which the instructor implemented a least‐to‐most prompt hierarchy during all untrained steps in the chain) was the most efficacious backward chaining procedural variation and efficient in terms of sessions to mastery. The no‐completion procedure (in which the instructor completed all untrained steps in the chain out of view of the participant) was least efficient across trials, sessions, errors, and total duration to mastery. One participant preferred the no‐completion condition while the other two participants showed an initial preference for the teacher‐completion condition that changed to preference for the no‐completion condition. Vocational skills maintained 1‐ and 4‐weeks postmastery. Stakeholders rated goals, procedures, and outcomes as socially valid.
Accumulation Pattern of Inorganic Elements in Scaly Tooth Mushroom (Sarcodon imbricatus) from Northern Poland
Authors: Saba Martyna , Falandysz Jerzy , Loganathan Bommanna
Published: March 2020

Several studies have documented contamination levels and daily intake of metallic elements from foodstuffs including rice, maize, pulses, vegetables, fruits, fish, meat, egg, milk etc., however, limited literature is available on metal contamination levels in wild growing mushrooms and possible human exposure via consumption of it. Sarcodon imbricatus is an edible mushroom, commonly consumed in many parts of the world. Very few studies have been conducted on inorganic elemental composition in fruiting bodies (edible part) of this fungus. In this study, elements such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co,) chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), phosphorous (P), lead (Pb), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn) were measured in caps and stems of fruiting bodies of S. imbricatus collected from the Wdzydze forests in Central and the Augustowska Primeval forest in Eastern Poland. Results revealed that a wide variation in concentrations of various metals in caps and stems samples collected from the two forests. Toxic metallic elements such as Cd and Hg showed preferential accumulation in caps than stems samples from both the forests. However, the concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb in the mushroom samples were below the established weekly intake tolerance limits.
Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide‐Based Needle‐Type Field‐Effect Transistor for Dopamine Sensing
Authors: Quast Thomas , Mariani Federica , Scavetta Erika , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Andronescu Corina
Published: March 2020

Owing to their intrinsic amplifying effect together with their temporal resolution, field‐effect transistors (FETs) are gaining momentum for the detection of different biomolecules at ultra‐low concentration levels such as, for example, neurotransmitters, particularly if the concentration level of the analyte is below the detection limit of commonly used electrochemical sensing methods. We demonstrate the fabrication of a spearhead reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐based FET. The fabrication of the rGO‐based FET by means of an electrochemical pulse deposition technique enables a controllable process including both the deposition and reduction of the deposited graphene oxide between two carbon nanoelectrodes to form the channel of the rGO‐based FET. While using double‐barrel carbon nanoelectrodes, the as‐produced FETs offer new possibilities in terms of their applicability in very small volumes as well as the option of being positioned close to the desired measurement region. The fabrication process was evaluated and optimized to obtain rGO‐based FETs with high performance. The as‐fabricated devices were evaluated in terms of sensitivity and selectivity towards dopamine. The tested devices not only showed high sensitivity towards dopamine with a linear response ranging from 1 nM to 1 μM, but also maintained a similar sensing performance in the presence of 500 μM ascorbic acid.
Modulating the Void Space of Nitrogen‐Doped Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Yang , Kong Yueqi , Kumar Nanjundan Ashok , Yang Yannan , Zhou Liang , Huang Xiaodan , Yu Chengzhong
Published: March 2020

Hollow carbon materials have been extensively investigated as sulfur hosts for lithium‐sulfur batteries. Herein, we report a designed synthesis of nitrogen‐doped mesoporous hollow carbon spheres with tunable void spaces through an ethylenediamine‐assisted cooperative self‐assembly strategy between 3‐aminophenol/formaldehyde resin and silica. Nitrogen‐doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (NHMCS) with an optimised inside/outside radius ratio of 0.52 have induced improved electrochemical performances compared to other NHMCS, demonstrating a fine material design strategy for electrochemical energy storage systems with improved performance.
Asymmetric interactions of seed‐predation network contribute to rare‐species advantage
Authors: Xi Xinqiang , Yang Yangheshan , Tylianakis Jason M. , Yang Sihai , Dong Yuran , Sun Shucun
Published: March 2020

Although the asymmetry of species linkage within ecological networks is now well recognized, its effect on communities has scarcely been empirically investigated. Based on theory, we predicted that an asymmetric architecture of antagonistic plant–herbivore networks would emerge at the community level and that this asymmetry would negatively affect community‐common plants more than rare ones. We tested this prediction by analyzing the architectural properties of an alpine plant and pre‐dispersal seed‐predator network and its effect on seed loss rate of plants in the Tibetan Plateau. This network showed an asymmetric architecture, where the common plant species (with a larger aboveground biomass per area) were infested by a higher number of predator species. Moreover, they asymmetrically interacted with specialized herbivores, presumably because of greater seed resource abundance. In turn, the asymmetric interactions led to a higher proportion of seed loss in the common plants at the species level. Our results suggest that asymmetric antagonistic networks may improve species coexistence by contributing to a mechanism of rare‐species advantage.
Four novel compound heterozygous mutations in C5orf42 gene in patients with pure and mild Joubert syndrome
Authors: Liu Qiuyan , Wang Haiqiao , Zhao Jianhui , Liu Zhicui , Sun Dianrong , Yuan Aiyun , Luo Guangjin , Wei Wei , Hou Mei
Published: March 2020

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. Using whole or targeted exome sequencing, we identified four novel compound heterozygous mutations in chromosome 5 open reading frame 42 gene (C5orf42), including c.2876C>T (missense mutation) and c.3921+1G>A (splicing mutation), c.2292 ‐2delA (splicing mutation) and c.4067C>T (missense mutation), c.6997_6998insT (frameshift mutation) and c.8710C>T (nonsense mutation), c.3981G>C (nonsense mutation) and c.230 _233del (frameshift mutation), in four Chinese JS families. They were all inherited from their heterozygosis parents in the autosomal recessive inheritance mode. Pure JS clinical manifestations and mild neuroimaging findings were found in these patients. These verified the previous findings that C5orf42 mutations generally resulted in a purely neurological Joubert phenotype, and neuroimaging findings were mild in JS with C5orf42 mutations. Our report analyzed these C5orf42 mutations‐associated phenotypes and neuroimaging findings in JS and updated the genetic variation spectrum of JS caused by C5orf42.These will help clinicians and geneticists reach a more accurate diagnosis for JS.
STEM: A help or a hinderance in attracting more girls to engineering?
Authors: Naukkarinen Johanna K. , Bairoh Susanna
Published: March 2020

Background

Research on gender differences and practical initiatives to attract girls to engineering are often carried out at the macro level where science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are aggregated into an entity called STEM.

Purpose/Hypothesis

This article challenges the aggregated approach, analyzes gender differences among science and engineering applicants in Finland, and discusses the implications of the findings for engineering education and intervention initiatives.

Design/Method

The data consist of the application choices of all applicants to Bachelor studies in Finland in 2016 (151,369 individuals), from which two groups were selected: persons whose first application choice was engineering/technology and persons whose first choice was natural sciences or mathematics. The application choices of these individuals (in total 9,104) are statistically described and analyzed.

Results

Engineering/technology (TECH) and natural sciences and mathematics (SCIMA) subjects are not perceived as alternative options by female applicants. Almost 60% of all female TECH applicants and more than 50% of the female SCIMA applicants apply only to their respective programs. Moreover, TECH applicants considering other options prefer other subjects to SCIMA and vice versa.

Conclusions

Encouraging more girls to study STEM is not a sufficient solution for attracting more women to engineering. Instead of or in addition to encouraging girls to study science and mathematics in K‐12 education, it is necessary to open the black box of technology and help young people better understand what engineering is about.
Coauthorship in academic journals: Implications for international collaboration and alliances
Authors: Chan Kam C. , Fung Anna , Fung Hung‐Gay , Yau Jot
Published: March 2020

Based on the knowledge‐based resource theory of alliance, we analyze coauthorship collaboration. We find that (1) collaboration increases the impact of published articles; (2) articles with nonalphabetical author listing are associated with fewer citations; and (3) barriers to transferring knowledge lowers an article's impact, especially if authors do not take ownership over the article. Coauthors who do not act as if they were senior authors undermine coauthorship collaboration, resulting in lower citations on the article. Our results suggest that articles with alphabetical author listing receive more citations, questioning the norm in journals of some disciplines that advocate nonalphabetical author listing.
Interfacial fatigue damage behavior of fiber reinforced rubber—A combined experimental and cohesive zone model approach
Authors: Yu Xiaoming , Zhang Bin , Gu Boqin
Published: March 2020

The interfacial damage behavior of short fiber reinforced rubber sealing composites (SRRC) under fatigue load is researched in this article, where an experimental and cohesive zone model approach are employed. The fiber mass fractions of samples are 2%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. The curves of the fatigue strain (εn) varying with the fatigue cycle number (n) were obtained by the fatigue test. The damage patterns of SRRC with different fiber mass fractions were confirmed by scanning electron microscope. A finite element model (FEM) was established to predict interfacial fatigue damage, where the cohesive element was imbedded in the interface between fiber and matrix. The results show that theεn‐ncurves of SRRC predicted by FEM agree well with experimental data when fiber mass fractions are high. The samples with 5% fiber mass fraction are optimal to restrain the origination of the interfacial abhesion, and a possible damage path of SRRC is obtained.