bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging genomic diversity for discovery in an electronic health record linked biobank: the UCLA ATLAS Community Health Initiative
Authors: Johnson Ruth , Ding Yi , Venkateswaran Vidhya , Bhattacharya Arjun , Boulier Kristin , Chiu Alec , Knyazev Sergey , Schwarz Tommer , Freund Malika , Zhan Lingyu , Burch Kathryn S. , Caggiano Christa , Hill Brian , Rakocz Nadav , Balliu Brunilda , Denny Christopher T. , Sul Jae Hoon , Zaitlen Noah , Arboleda Valerie A. , Halperin Eran , Sankararaman Sriram , Butte Manish J. ,   UCLA Precision Health Data Discovery Repository Working Group, UCLA Precision Health ATLAS Working Group, Lajonchere Clara , Geschwind Daniel H. , Pasaniuc Bogdan
Published: September 2022

Background

Large medical centers in urban areas, like Los Angeles, care for a diverse patient population and offer the potential to study the interplay between genetic ancestry and social determinants of health. Here, we explore the implications of genetic ancestry within the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) ATLAS Community Health Initiative—an ancestrally diverse biobank of genomic data linked with de-identified electronic health records (EHRs) of UCLA Health patients (N=36,736).

Methods

We quantify the extensive continental and subcontinental genetic diversity within the ATLAS data through principal component analysis, identity-by-descent, and genetic admixture. We assess the relationship between genetically inferred ancestry (GIA) and >1500 EHR-derived phenotypes (phecodes). Finally, we demonstrate the utility of genetic data linked with EHR to perform ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry genome and phenome-wide scans across a broad set of disease phenotypes.

Results

We identify 5 continental-scale GIA clusters including European American (EA), African American (AA), Hispanic Latino American (HL), South Asian American (SAA) and East Asian American (EAA) individuals and 7 subcontinental GIA clusters within the EAA GIA corresponding to Chinese American, Vietnamese American, and Japanese American individuals. Although we broadly find that self-identified race/ethnicity (SIRE) is highly correlated with GIA, we still observe marked differences between the two, emphasizing that the populations defined by these two criteria are not analogous. We find a total of 259 significant associations between continental GIA and phecodes even after accounting for individuals’ SIRE, demonstrating that for some phenotypes, GIA provides information not already captured by SIRE. GWAS identifies significant associations for liver disease in the 22q13.31 locus across the HL and EAA GIA groups (HL p-value=2.32×10−16, EAA p-value=6.73×10−11). A subsequent PheWAS at the top SNP reveals significant associations with neurologic and neoplastic phenotypes specifically within the HL GIA group.

Conclusions

Overall, our results explore the interplay between SIRE and GIA within a disease context and underscore the utility of studying the genomes of diverse individuals through biobank-scale genotyping linked with EHR-based phenotyping.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals common epithelial response patterns in human acute kidney injury
Authors: Hinze Christian , Kocks Christine , Leiz Janna , Karaiskos Nikos , Boltengagen Anastasiya , Cao Shuang , Skopnik Christopher Mark , Klocke Jan , Hardenberg Jan-Hendrik , Stockmann Helena , Gotthardt Inka , Obermayer Benedikt , Haghverdi Laleh , Wyler Emanuel , Landthaler Markus , Bachmann Sebastian , Hocke Andreas C. , Corman Victor , Busch Jonas , Schneider Wolfgang , Himmerkus Nina , Bleich Markus , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Enghard Philipp , Rajewsky Nikolaus , Schmidt-Ott Kai M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in critically ill patients and is associated with adverse outcomes. Cellular mechanisms underlying AKI and kidney cell responses to injury remain incompletely understood.

Methods

We performed single-nuclei transcriptomics, bulk transcriptomics, molecular imaging studies, and conventional histology on kidney tissues from 8 individuals with severe AKI (stage 2 or 3 according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria). Specimens were obtained within 1–2 h after individuals had succumbed to critical illness associated with respiratory infections, with 4 of 8 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Control kidney tissues were obtained post-mortem or after nephrectomy from individuals without AKI.

Results

High-depth single cell-resolved gene expression data of human kidneys affected by AKI revealed enrichment of novel injury-associated cell states within the major cell types of the tubular epithelium, in particular in proximal tubules, thick ascending limbs, and distal convoluted tubules. Four distinct, hierarchically interconnected injured cell states were distinguishable and characterized by transcriptome patterns associated with oxidative stress, hypoxia, interferon response, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, respectively. Transcriptome differences between individuals with AKI were driven primarily by the cell type-specific abundance of these four injury subtypes rather than by private molecular responses. AKI-associated changes in gene expression between individuals with and without COVID-19 were similar.

Conclusions

The study provides an extensive resource of the cell type-specific transcriptomic responses associated with critical illness-associated AKI in humans, highlighting recurrent disease-associated signatures and inter-individual heterogeneity. Personalized molecular disease assessment in human AKI may foster the development of tailored therapies.
Evaluation of dynamic F wave parameters before and after physical activity in normal population
Authors: Khosrawi Saeid , Haghighat Shila , Hamedfar Hadi
Published: September 2022

Objectives

F wave is one of the nerve conduction studies, mainly used to study the proximal pathway of peripheral nerves. One of its applications is dynamic assessment, i.e., before and after physical activity, when symptoms develop in some patients. Best to our knowledge, few studies evaluate normal dynamic F wave values in healthy individuals. This study aims to determine and compare normal values of several parameters of Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) and F waves of tibial nerves dynamically before and after physical activity in the lower extremities of 34 normal subjects. These parameters were recorded before and after 15 min of continuous walking at intervals of 1, 5, and 10 min after the end of physical activity.

Results

Normal values of CMAP onset latency and amplitude, minimum, maximum, and mean latency of 10 F waves, F chronodispersion, and F persistence were dynamically collected before and during 10 min after physical activity in three phases. Some of the parameters showed significant changes (P < 0.05). Although physical activity showed statistically significant effects on some CMAP and F wave parameters (especially F chronodispersion) in normal subjects, none of them exceeded the normal clinical values introduced in the literature.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 attenuates foodborne Bacillus cereus-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activity in bovine mammary epithelial cells by protecting intercellular tight junctions
Authors: Shan Qiang , Liu Ning , Wang Xue , Zhu Yaohong , Yin Jinhua , Wang Jiufeng
Published: September 2022

Background

Bacillus cereus is an important pathogen that causes human food poisoning, specifically diarrhea and vomiting. B. cereus can also induce mastitis in dairy cows and has a strong survival ability in milk, as it cannot be inactivated by high-temperature short-time pasteurization. Therefore, B. cereus can enter the market through pasteurized milk and other dairy products, imposing enormous hidden dangers on food safety and human health.

Results

In this study, B. cereus 2101 (BC) was isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis. BC grew rapidly with strong hemolysis, making it difficult to prevent mastitis and ensure food security. MAC-T cells were treated with BC and/or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1). Pretreatment with LGR-1 protected the integrity of tight junctions and the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin destroyed by BC. Furthermore, LGR-1 pretreatment reduced the expression of NOD-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase recruitment and activation domain (ASC), Caspase-1 p20, gasdermin D (GSDMD) p30, inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18), and cell death induced by BC. Moreover, LGR-1 pretreatment reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activity and increased expressions of ZO-1 and occludin induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) + ATP stimulation. MAC-T cells were transfected with NLRP3 siRNA or MCC950 and/or treated with BC and/or LGR-1. NLRP3-siRNA transfection and MCC950 attenuated BC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell death suggested that the inflammatory pathway might play an important role in the induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome by BC and the protection of LGR-1.

Conclusions

These results suggest that LGR-1 might be a probiotic alternative to antibiotics and could be administered to prevent mastitis in dairy cows, thus ensuring food security.
Correction: Utility of support vector machine and decision tree to identify the prognosis of metformin poisoning in the United States: analysis of National Poisoning Data System
Authors: Mehrpour Omid , Saeedi Farhad , Hoyte Christopher , Goss Foster , Shirazi Farshad M.
Published: September 2022

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Key characterization efforts to support the graffiti ink removal and care of Mark Rothko’s painting ‘Black on Maroon’ 1958
Authors: Wills Scott T. , Ormsby Bronwyn A. , Keefe Melinda H. , Sammler Robert L.
Published: September 2022

Analytical characterization efforts carried out in support of the conservation treatment of Mark Rothko's painting 'Black on Maroon' 1958 (Tate T01170), involving the removal of graffiti (tag) ink, are summarized. The proprietary ink product, of unfamiliar and unknown composition, was investigated using a suite of analytical techniques (IR spectroscopy, GC–MS, ICP-MS, pyrolysis GC–MS, thin layer chromatography, SEC, MALDI-TOF–MS, and UHPLC-MS) to identify key colorants and other components. The ink solubility properties proved vital to informing the solvent selection process for the ink removal procedure, which helped enable the re-display of the painting at Tate Modern in 2014. The possible impact of ink residues remaining within the cotton duck canvas support of the conserved painting was also explored using mockup canvas mechanical strength data, measured before and after ‘soiling’ at two ink levels to assess whether the ink residues had any immediate and possible longer-term effects on canvas properties. These findings, elucidated using a range of complementary analytical techniques, provide information on this hitherto-unknown graffiti product, contribute to a growing body of knowledge in this area, and offer analytical approaches which may be useful for the characterization of similar unknown materials, whether used to damage, augment, or create works of art.
Associated bacteria of a pine sawyer beetle confer resistance to entomopathogenic fungi via fungal growth inhibition
Authors: Deng Jundan , Xu Weikang , Lv Guochang , Yuan Hang , Zhang Qing-He , Wickham Jacob D. , Xu Letian , Zhang Longwa
Published: September 2022

Background

The entomopathogenicBeauveria bassianais a popular fungus used to control the Japanese pine sawyer,Monochamus alternatusHope, the key vector of pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) that is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, resulting in devastating losses of pines in China and Portugal. However, recent studies have demonstrated that some insect-associated bacteria might decrease fungal toxicity and further undermine its biological control efficacy againstM. alternatus. Thus, it is of great significance to uncover whether and how associated bacteria ofM. alternatusbecome involved in the infection process ofB. bassiana.

Results

Here, we show that axenicM. alternatuslarvae died significantly faster than non-axenic larvae infected by four increasing concentrations ofB. bassianaspores (Log-rank test,P < 0.001). The infection ofB. bassianasignificantly changed the richness and structure of the beetle-associated bacterial community both on the cuticle and in the guts ofM. alternatus; meanwhile, the abundance ofPseudomonasandSerratiabacteria were significantly enriched as shown by qPCR. Furthermore, these two bacteria genera showed a strong inhibitory activity againstB. bassiana(One-way ANOVA,P < 0.001) by reducing the fungal conidial germination and growth rather than regulating host immunity.

Conclusions

This study highlights the role of insect-associated bacteria in the interaction between pest insects and entomopathogenic fungi, which should be taken into consideration when developing microbial-based pest control strategies.
Water quality index for assessment of drinking groundwater purpose case study: area surrounding Ismailia Canal, Egypt
Authors: Atta Hend Samir , Omar Maha Abdel-Salam , Tawfik Ahmed Mohamed
Published: September 2022

The dramatic increase of different human activities around and along Ismailia Canal threats the groundwater system. The assessment of groundwater suitability for drinking purpose is needed for groundwater sustainability as a main second source for drinking. The Water Quality Index (WQI) is an approach to identify and assess the drinking groundwater quality suitability.

The analyses are based on Pearson correlation to build the relationship matrix between 20 variables (electrical conductivity (Ec), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), carbonate (CO3), sulphate (SO4), bicarbonate (HCO3), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and aluminium (Al). Very strong correlation is found at [Ec with Na, SO4] and [Mg with Cl]; strong correlation is found at [TDS with Na, Cl], [Na with Cl, SO4], [K with SO4], [Mg with SO4] and [Cl with SO4], [Fe with Al], [Pb with Al]. The water type is Na–Cl in the southern area due to salinity of the Miocene aquifer and Mg–HCO3 water type in the northern area due to seepage from Ismailia Canal and excess of irrigation water.

The WQI classification for drinking water quality is assigned with excellent and good groundwater classes between km 10 to km 60, km 80 to km 95 and the adjacent areas around Ismailia Canal. While the rest of WQI classification for drinking water quality is assigned with poor, very poor, undesirable and unfit limits which are assigned between km 67 to km 73 and from km 95 to km 128 along Ismailia Canal.
Programmatic Implementation of a Custom Subspecialized Oncologic Imaging Workflow Manager at a Tertiary Cancer Center
Authors: Becker Anton S. , Das Jeeban P. , Woo Sungmin , Elnajjar Pierre , Chaim Joshua , Erinjeri Joseph P. , Hricak Hedvig , Vargas Hebert Alberto
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE

To evaluate whether a custom programmatic workflow manager reduces reporting turnaround times (TATs) from a body oncologic imaging workflow at a tertiary cancer center.

METHODS

A custom software program was developed and implemented in the programming language R. Other aspects of the workflow were left unchanged. TATs were measured over a 12-month period (June-May). The same prior 12-month period served as a historical control. Median TATs of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) examinations were compared with a Wilcoxon test. A chi-square test was used to compare the numbers of examinations reported within 24 hours and after 72 hours as well as the proportions of examinations assigned according to individual radiologist preferences.

RESULTS

For all MRI and CT examinations (124,507 in 2019/2020 and 138,601 in 2020/2021), the median TAT decreased from 4 (interquartile range: 1-22 hours) to 3 hours (1-17 hours). Reports completed within 24 hours increased from 78% (124,127) to 89% (138,601). For MRI, TAT decreased from 22 (5-49 hours) to 8 hours (2-21 hours), and reports completed within 24 hours increased from 55% (14,211) to 80% (23,744). For CT, TAT decreased from 3 (1-19 hours) to 2 hours (1-13 hours), and reports completed within 24 hours increased from 84% (82,342) to 92% (99,922). Delayed reports (with a TAT > 72 hours) decreased from 17.0% (4,176) to 2.2% (649) for MRI and from 2.5% (2,500) to 0.7% (745) for CT. All differences were statistically significant ( P < .001).

CONCLUSION

The custom workflow management software program significantly decreased MRI and CT report TATs.
A Bayesian Cohort Component Projection Model to Estimate Women of Reproductive Age at the Subnational Level in Data-Sparse Settings
Authors: Alexander Monica , Alkema Leontine
Published: September 2022

Accurate estimates of subnational populations are important for policy formulation and monitoring population health indicators. For example, estimates of the number of women of reproductive age are important to understand the population at risk of maternal mortality and unmet need for contraception. However, in many low-income countries, data on population counts and components of population change are limited, and so subnational levels and trends are unclear. We present a Bayesian constrained cohort component model for the estimation and projection of subnational populations. The model builds on a cohort component projection framework, incorporates census data and estimates from the United Nation's World Population Prospects, and uses characteristic mortality schedules to obtain estimates of population counts and the components of population change, including internal migration. The data required as inputs to the model are minimal and available across a wide range of countries, including most low-income countries. The model is applied to estimate and project populations by county in Kenya for 1979–2019 and is validated against the 2019 Kenyan census.
“Two Kings” in the Tungkhungia Court?
Authors: Ghosh Samyak
Published: September 2022

This article situates the court of the Tungkhungia kings of Brahmaputra Valley (1680–1830), in present day Assam, in the space of courtly convergence and response in eighteenth-century South Asia. It studies a particular moment in the Tungkhungia royal court (1714–44) when a unique political arrangement (“two kings”) was expressed by courtiers, chroniclers, and poets in the language of a stylized fiction of love. The article tries to make meaning of the “two kings” problem by looking at a set of textual and visual materials and situates them within a context of “multilayered cultural semiotics” at work in borderland courts in eighteenth-century South Asia, loosely held within the crumbling edifice of Mughal Hindustan. Toward this end, the article uses its research findings to add fresh insights on the ongoing discussion on courtly culture in early eighteenth-century South Asia and highlights the importance of studying emotions towards understanding political practice.
Wahhabis without Religion; or, A Genealogy of Jihadis in Colonial Law, 1818 to 1857
Authors: Choudhury Rishad
Published: September 2022

This article offers a new interpretation of the “Indian Wahhabi” beyond an ostensibly religious identity. Examining encounters between a centralizing state and decentralized circulatory regimes, the study thus illuminates an overlooked sociolegal genealogy of the jihadi militant in colonial India. From 1818, the East India Company secured its sovereignty by designating as deviant or permissible a host of itinerant figures in and around South Asia. In police records, court transcripts, and legislative archives, pilgrims with links to Arabia accordingly began appearing as suspected Wahhabis. Yet, in then seeking to distinguish “faqirs” from “fanatics,” colonial law used logics and exceptions with two important implications. First, as the “Wahhabi” came to imply a violent counterclaim to sovereignty, it also became a juridical formulation more political than religious. The faqir pilgrim here supplied the conceit of religion. Second, the complex question of jihad produced a deeper paradox, as grappling with a “religious” problem without “religion” stretched secular jurisprudence to breaking points. Until 1857, around South Asia, states of emergency hence dominated official responses to Wahhabis. Ultimately, colonial law's gestures not only rendered unexceptional its regimes of exception. Ironically, they also reified religion, such that Islam and violence became culturally consubstantial in colonial thought.
Introduction
Authors: Zeleke Elleni Centime , Davari Arash
Published: September 2022

This essay outlines a research agenda the authors call “Third World Historical,” combining reflections from Ethiopia and Iran to query the legacies of revolutionary politics in our present. Third world activists from the 1960s and 1970s engaged revolutionary talk to pose questions about the particularities of their immediate contexts, and they posed new concepts of revolution along the way. Congealed manifestations of the term revolution can preclude our effort to think the event as experience. If revolution signals the disruption of existing categories, can we in turn disrupt congealed categories to rethink revolution? What could it mean to reposition the question of revolution in the specificity of the third world, against the tendency to map revolutions as models, patterns, and stages?
Waiting for Revolution
Authors: Kara Taushif
Published: September 2022

This essay takes as its point of departure the conceptual problem posed by intezar, or waiting, in revolutionary Iran. Kara suggests that this problem mirrors the suspension or deferral of sovereignty implied by the logic of historicism, and thus the wider state of belatedness faced across what was once called the “third world.” Though confronted by the problem of waiting in different ways, the author shows how thinkers from revolutionary Iran and colonial India—namely Ali Shariati (1933–77) and Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938)—may have arrived at similar conclusions. Rather than reject the principle of waiting, their thought sought to augment it, mainly by discarding the future as the focus of the political in order to render an invisible present visible. But if the conceptual possibilities condensed in colonial India and Iran's revolution reveal a shared genealogy of waiting, the resonance of this problem today is confined neither to the geography nor to the condition of coloniality that produced it. Kara concludes by suggesting that the struggle against anticipation in the twentieth century may have prefigured the planetary condition of waiting that characterizes the political in the twenty-first, a condition accentuated and elevated by the climate crisis.
Behavior and neural activation patterns of non-redundant visual and acoustic signaling during courtship in an African cichlid fish
Authors: King Teisha , Ray Emily J. , Tramontana Brandon , Maruska Karen
Published: September 2022

Animals evolve mechanisms to send and receive communication signals through multiple sensory channels during crucial behavioral contexts such as aggression and reproduction. This ensures the transmission of important context-dependent signals that supply either the same (redundant) or different (non-redundant) information to the receiver. Despite the importance of multimodal communication, there are relatively few species in which information on sender signals and receiver responses are known. Further, little is known about where context-dependent unimodal and multimodal information is processed in the brain to produce adaptive behaviors. We used the African cichlid, Astatotilapia burtoni, to investigate how unimodal and multimodal signals are processed within the female brain in a reproductive context. During courtship, dominant males produce low frequency sounds in conjunction with visual displays (quivers) directed towards receptive gravid females. We compared affiliation behaviors and neural activation patterns in gravid females exposed to visual, acoustic and visual–acoustic signals from courting dominant males. Females displayed reduced affiliation in auditory-only conditions, but similar affiliation during visual and visual–acoustic conditions, demonstrating that visual–acoustic signaling from males is non-redundant but vision dominates. Using the neural activation marker cfos, we identified differential activation in specific socially relevant brain nuclei between unimodal and multimodal conditions and distinct neural co-activation networks associated with each sensory context. Combined with our previous work on chemosensory signaling, we propose that A. burtoni represents a valuable vertebrate model for studying context-dependent behavioral and neural decision making associated with non-redundant multimodal communication.
The Influence of Therapeutic Exercise after Ankle Sprain on the Incidence of Subsequent Knee, Hip, and Lumbar Spine Injury
Authors: FOSTER KAITLYN S. , GREENLEE TINA A. , FRASER JOHN J. , YOUNG JODI L. , RHON DANIEL I.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the burden of knee, hip, and lumbar spine disorders occurring in the year after an ankle sprain and the influence therapeutic exercise (TE) has on this burden.

Methods

A total of 33,361 individuals diagnosed with ankle sprain in the Military Health System between 2010 and 2011 were followed for 1 yr. The prevalence of knee, hip, and lumbar care-seeking injuries sustained after sprain was identified. Relationships between demographic groups, ankle sprain type, and use of TE with rate of proximal injuries were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models to determine hazard rate effect modification by attribute. The observed effect of TE for ankle sprain on rate of injury to proximal joints was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier survival analyses.

Results

Of the total cohort, 20.5% (n = 6848) of patients sustained a proximal injury. Specifically, 10.1% of the cohort sustained a knee (n = 3356), 2.9% a hip (n = 973), and 10.3% a lumbar injury (n = 3452). Less than half of the cohort received TE after initial sprain. Patients that did were less likely to have subsequent knee (HR = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80–0.94), hip (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.58–0.79), or lumbar (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.76–0.89) injuries.

Conclusions

One in five individuals that sought care for an ankle sprain experienced a proximal joint injury in the following year. TE for the management of the initial ankle sprain reduced the likelihood of proximal injury diagnosis and should be considered in treatment plans for return to work and sport protocols after ankle sprains.
A miniaturized ultrasound transducer for monitoring full-mouth oral health: a preliminary study
Authors: Qi Baiyan , Hariri Ali , Khazaeinezhad Reza , Fu Lei , Li Yi , Jin Zhicheng , Yim Wonjun , He Tengyu , Cheng Yong , Zhou Jiajing , Jokerst Jesse V.
Published: September 2022

Objective:

To customize a miniaturized ultrasound transducer to access full-mouth B-mode, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler imaging for monitoring oral health.

Methods:

A customized periodontal ultrasound transducer SS-19–128 (19 MHz, 128 channels) 1.8-cm wide and 1-cm thick was developed and connected to a data acquisition (DAQ) system. B-mode, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler data could all be collected with SS-19–128. The imaging resolution and penetration capacity of SS-19–128 were characterized on phantoms. The gingival thickness was measured on 11 swine teeth by SS-19–128 for comparison with conventional transgingival probing via Bland-Altman analysis and Pearson correlation. Five human subjects were then recruited to demonstrate B-mode and Doppler imaging by SS-19–128.

Results:

The axial and lateral spatial resolution at 5.5 mm depth is 102.1 µm and 142.9 µm, respectively. The penetration depth in a tissue-mimicking phantom is over 30 mm. In vivo B-mode imaging of all 28 teeth was demonstrated on one human subject, and imaging of tooth #18 was accessed on five human subjects. Gingival thickness measurement compared with transgingival probing showed a bias of −0.015 mm and SD of 0.031 mm, and a r = 0.9235 (p < 0.0001) correlation. In vivo color and spectral Doppler imaging of the supraperiosteal artery in human gingiva was performed to generate hemodynamic information.

Conclusions:

The small size of SS-19–128 offers important advantages over existing ultrasound technology—more specifically, whole-mouth scanning/charting reminiscent of radiography. This is nearly a two-fold increase in the number of teeth that can be assessed versus conventional transducers.
Multiscale modeling of hemodynamics in microvessels
Authors: Γιαννοκώστας Κωνσταντίνος
Published: September 2022

Το αίμα είναι ένα πολύπλοκο εναιώρημα ερυθρών αιμοσφαιρίων, λευκών αιμοσφαιρίων και αιμοπεταλίων σε ένα υδατικό διάλυμα, το λεγόμενο πλάσμα αίματος, που περιέχει κυρίως πρωτεΐνες. Τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, η μελέτη της ρεολογίας του αίματος έχει επικεντρωθεί στη περίπλοκη συμπεριφορά του, κυρίως λόγω της άμεσης σχέσης της με την ανίχνευση, τη θεραπεία και την πρόληψη ασθενειών. Βασικός σκοπός αυτής της εργασίας είναι η ανάπτυξη ενός καταστατικού μοντέλου το οποίο να προσφέρει αξιόπιστες προβλέψεις σε διάφορα ρεομετρικά πειράματα, όπως διατμητικές ή εκτατικές ροές. Επιπλέον, να προσφέρει τη δυνατότητα της σωστής περιγραφής της διφασικής ροής του αίματος σε μικροσωλήνες υπό σταθερές και παλμικές συνθήκες που ενσωματώνουν τα φαινόμενα μικροκυκλοφορίας όπως ο σχηματισμός του αμιγούς στρώματος πλάσματος καθώς και τα φαινόμενα Fåhraeus και Fåhraeus-Lindqvist. Η εργασία επεκτείνεται στην μελέτη και των αιμοφόρων αγγείων καθώς σε αυτά εμπλέκονται πολλά μηχανικά και βιοχημικά φαινόμενα, ενσωματώνοντας την αλληλεπίδραση της ροής του αίματος με τα ελαστικά τοιχώματα αυτών. Εισάγουμε ένα μοντέλο αλληλεπίδρασης ρευστού-δομής ώστε να παρέχουμε ακριβή αποτελέσματα της διαστολής και των τάσεων που αναπτύσσονται στα τοιχώματα των αγγείων υπό διάφορες συνθήκες αρτηριακής πίεσης. Το μοντέλο μας παρέχει την δυνατότητα πρόβλεψης της συσταλτικότητας των λείων μυών, ενσωματώνοντας βιοχημικά φαινόμενα, τις λεγόμενες ενεργές δυνάμεις. Εκτός από την ολοκληρωμένη μοντελοποίηση της ρεολογικής πολυπλοκότητας του αίματος, η τανυστική περιγραφή του μοντέλου δίνει την δυνατότητα υλοποίησης προσομοιώσεων πολυδιάστατων προβλημάτων. Για το σκοπό αυτό, μελετήθηκε η ροή του αίματος σε τρισδιάστατες ανευρυσματικές γεωμετρίες επιβάλλοντας ημιτονοειδείς κυματομορφές με διαφορετικές συχνότητες και πλάτη κύματος, παρέχοντας μια ενδελεχή παραμετρική μελέτη. Αυτή η εργασία παρέχει ακριβείς προβλέψεις της στιγμιαίας δομής του αίματος καθώς και της τάσης στην ανευρισματική περιοχη η οποία συσχετίζεται με την ανάπτυξη, τη σταθεροποίηση και τη ρήξη του ανευρύσματος.
O ρόλος των κωδίκων δεοντολογίας στη λειτουργία της σύγχρονης διοίκησης
Authors: Ζέρβα Βασιλική
Published: September 2022

Οι ταχύτατες εξελίξεις που συντελούνται σε όλους τους τομείς τόσο της κοινωνίας όσο και των επιστημών και της τεχνολογίας δημιουργούν μία νέα κατάσταση της οποίας κύρια χαρακτηριστικά είναι οι ταχύτατες εξελίξεις και η έλλειψη συνόρων. Το υπάρχον δίκαιο δεδομένου ότι είναι γραπτό ,έχει διάρκεια κα διαχρονικότητα καθυστερεί, δεν μπορεί να ανταποκριθεί στις εξελίξεις και τίθεται υπό αμφισβήτηση.Σαν αναπόφευκτη και αναγκαία λύση στα καινούργια προβλήματα και τις νέες καταστάσεις που δημιουργούνται εμφανίζεται η αυτορρύθμιση, κυριότερη μορφή της οποίας αποτελούν οι κώδικες δεοντολογίας.Με την αυτορρύθμιση, η ίδια η κοινωνία παράγει κανόνες έξω από την επιβολή του κρατικού μηχανισμού .Η ιδέα της αυτορρύθμισης παραπέμπει σε μια συνειδητή, χωρίς εξωτερικές καθεστωτικές πιέσεις, αυτόβουλη και ελεύθερη υιοθέτηση και εφαρμογή κάποιων κανόνων δεοντολογικής συμπεριφοράς .Η αυτορρύθμιση εξαρτάται βέβαια από την ωριμότητα ,την δύναμη και την αυτονομία της κάθε κοινωνίας πολιτών. Η κοινωνία της αυτορρύθμισης δεν μπορεί να είναι στατική συντηρητική και να διέπεται από πελατειακές σχέσεις. Η ανεπάρκεια των «κλασικών» πηγών του δικαίου και της νομολογιακής ερμηνείας τους οι οποίες αδυνατούν να καλύψουν τις σχέσεις που διαμορφώνονται στο πεδίο του ανταγωνισμού καθιστούν αναγκαία την προσφυγή στο ήπιο δίκαιο στο οποίο ανήκουν και οι κώδικες δεοντολογίας, το οποίο είναι σύνολο κανόνων από τους οποίους λείπει το στοιχείο της υποχρεωτικότητας. Το μεγαλύτερο πλεονέκτημα του ήπιου νόμου σε περιόδους κρίσης είναι η ευελιξία του.Στόχος των Κωδίκων δεν είναι να τιμωρήσουν τον ανήθικο ή ανέντιμο υπάλληλο, αλλά να δημιουργήσουν συνθήκες αυτοδέσμευσης και αυτορρύθμισης όλων των υπαλλήλων στη βάση αξιών που γίνονται αντιληπτές ως αντικειμενική πραγματικότητα.. Η σύγχρονη διοίκηση των οργανισμών και των επιχειρήσεων αντιλαμβάνεται πλέον την σημασία της ανάπτυξης και υποστήριξης της εταιρικής κουλτούρας και τον ρόλο που διαδραματίζει στην επίτευξη του επιχειρησιακού οράματος και των στόχων.Κρίνεται επιτακτική η ανάγκη ύπαρξης κανόνων δεοντολογίας που θα προσδιορίζουν τις ηθικές αξίες στο χώρο της σύγχρονης διοίκησης λειτουργώντας σαν βάση για τη συμπεριφορά των υπαλλήλων αλλά και κανόνων οι οποίοι θα ρυθμίζουν τη συμπεριφορά των διοικούντων. Οι Ανεξάρτητες Διοικητικές Αρχές αποτελούν θεσμό που προωθήθηκε με την ανάπτυξη της παγκοσμιοποίησης και τη δημιουργία των ενιαίων οικονομικών χώρων, πέρα και πάνω από εθνικά σύνορα. Οι πολιτικές, οικονομικές και κοινωνικές διεκδικήσεις των πολιτών απετέλεσαν τη βάση των νέων θεσμικών μορφωμάτων, των Ανεξάρτητων Διοικητικών Αρχών και των Μη Κυβερνητικών Οργανώσεων. Σκοπός των Ανεξάρτητων Αρχών είναι η κοινωνική ρύθμιση και η προστασία των ατομικών ελευθεριών, αλλά και των κοινωνικών δικαιωμάτων.
Dual-active-ingredient, insecticidal nets for preventing malaria: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Barker Timothy , Stone Jennifer , Hasanoff Sabira , Stevenson Jennifer , Price Carrie , Kabaghe Alinune , Munn Zachary
Published: September 2022

Background: Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite and is a highly transmissible disease representing a significant global public health burden. The provision of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) has contributed to the reduction of malaria across endemic countries. However, the detection of insecticide resistance in many mosquito vector species potentially threatens the long-term effectiveness of ITNs. A novel method to reduce the impact of insecticide resistance is to treat mosquito nets with multiple active ingredients.

Methods and analysis: This review will comprehensively search the literature (both published and unpublished) for any studies investigating the effectiveness of mosquito nets treated with multiple active ingredients, known henceforth as dual-active-ingredient (DAI) ITNs. The DAI ITNs of interest include those treated with a pyrethroid and non-pyrethroid insecticide (review question 1) or with a pyrethroid and an insect growth regulator (review question 2). 

Studies will be screened to meet the inclusion criteria by a minimum of two authors, followed by assessment of risk of bias (using appropriate risk of bias tools for randomised and non-randomised studies) and extraction of relevant information using structured forms by two independent authors. Meta-analyses will be carried out where possible for epidemiological outcomes and subgrouping will be considered. Certainty in the evidence will be established with GRADE assessments.

Ethics and dissemination: A full review report will be submitted to the Vector Control and Insecticide Resistance Unit, Global Malaria Program, WHO. A version of this report will be submitted for publication in an open access peer-reviewed journal. The report will inform the development of WHO recommendations regarding the use of DAI ITNs for the prevention of malaria. This systematic review does not require ethics approval as it is a review of primary studies.

Registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42022333044
Seasonal changes in antioxidant defense system indicators in the tissues of Cyprinion macrostomus (Heckel, 1843) caught from Göynük Stream (Bingöl, Turkey)
Authors: Kırıcı Muammer , Şen Özdemir Nurgül , Caf Fatma , Koyun Mustafa
Published: September 2022

In this study, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels occurring throughout the year were examined in Cyprinion macrostomus tissues (kidney, gill, liver and gonad) captured from Göynük Stream (Bingöl, Turkey). For this purpose, two locations (Ilıcalar and Garip) where fish can be caught regularly in summer, autumn, winter and spring were determined. Fish were caught regularly from these two locations every month and brought to the laboratory. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine enzyme activities and MDA levels in the study. As a result of the study, it was determined that the MDA level and enzyme activities between Ilıcalar and Garip stations, in general, were statistically different from each other in all tissues. However, it was observed that there were important differences in general between the seasons at both stations. In addition, while GR and G6PD activities were lower than other enzyme activities throughout the study, CAT and SOD activities were higher.
The remarkable observation for a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) food from estuarine/coastal area (İzmir/Turkey): A mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
Authors: Salman Alp , Kurtul Irmak , Sarı Hasan Musa
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to create awareness about the species of mosquito fishes (Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859) both vectors and ways of introduction to new aquatic habitats. Because the species creates risks, especially for the circumstance of the native and endemic fish fauna, studies about introduction stories of the species are quite important to prevent the risk. In the current report, mosquitofishes which are known as a highly invasive species were found in the crop content of a hen mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos L., 1758) in an estuarine area, the Gediz River Basin (İzmir, Turkey). This report is the first record of a duck consuming mosquitofish. Although nevertheless, it is known that mallard duck feeding behaviour does not predominantly contain fish (they mainly feed on plant seeds), according to this observation, mosquitofish might be added to the prey list of mallards as a new type of food. Therewith, this feeding behavior also indicates that ducks might be a potential vector for the transport of invasive mosquitofishes.
Omnipod® Insulin Management System - "patch-pump", as a breakthrough in the treatment of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Filipczak Joanna , Żelazny Przemysław , Sygacz Oliwer , Bróż Sebastian , Dankiewicz Sara , Swora Aleksandra , Borowik Joanna , Brodowski Wojciech , Pawłowski Piotr , Basta-Arciszewska Katarzyna , Obuchowska Karolina
Published: September 2022

Introduction: There are 425 million adults with diabetes worldwide, 10% of whom have type 1 diabetes. The treatment of choice in this group of patients is insulin delivery. In order to avoid disease-related metabolic disorders, insulin therapy should be planned so that their risk is minimized. This often involves multiple subcutaneous deliveries throughout the day. In order to improve patient satisfaction and comfort, , "smart pumps" have been developed. OmniPod® is the first commercially available pump of this type.
Aim of the study:  The purpose of our work was to present an innovative form of treatment for type 1 diabetes, to demonstrate the advantages, disadvantages and results of treatment using it.
Methods and materials: A literature review was conducted in the PubMed database, using the key words: "diabetes type 1"; "diabetes mellitus"; "OmniPod®"; "insulin";
Results: OmniPod® improves glycemic control and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values over traditional therapies. The algorithm used in the pump ensures normal glycemic ranges throughout the day, without the risk of prolonged episodes of hypo- and hyperglycemia. It improves the quality of life (QOL) index thanks to, among other things, water resistance, lack of difficulties during sleep in contrast to conventional insulin pumps.
Conclusion: OmniPod® significantly improves users' glycemic and HbA1c control. It allows users to forgo conventional insulin pumps or intensive insulin therapy by raising QOL and increasing patients' sense of proper disease control. Further research should be inclined to evaluate the utility of OmniPod® in other types of diabetes, as well as on the application of the technology in other disease entities.
Resilience, Coping Strategies, and Stress Related to Online Diploma Exam in University Students in Poland
Authors: Byra Stanisława , Boczkowska Magdalena
Published: September 2022

The present study investigated the association between resilience, coping strategies and stress related to online diploma exam under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Sample of Polish university students (n = 453) in the last year of their bachelor’s or master’s completed a questionnaire containing questions about stress related to online diploma exam and experiencing difficulties relatedto studying online and scales: Questionnaire (KOP-26) by Gąsior, Chodkiewicz, Ciechowski, the Polish version of COPE by Wrześniewski, Sense of Stress Questionnaire (KPS) by Plopa and Makarowski. The results showed that higher resilience was associated with lower levels of onlinediploma exam stress, more frequent use of adaptive coping strategies and less frequent use of maladaptive coping strategies. Lower levels of online diploma exam stress were associated with more frequent use of coping strategies such as focus on the problem, humour and alcohol/drugideation, and less frequent use of focus on/venting emotions. The relationship between resilience and online diploma exam stress was shown to be mediated by two coping strategies (focus on the problem and focus on/ venting of emotions). Generalized sense of stress was not a moderator of the mediating effect. The results of the study have shown that the relationship between resilience, coping strategies, online diploma exam stress and sense of stress was different in students who experienced online study difficulties and those who did not.
Holistic Prescriptive Analytics for Continuous and Constrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Skali Lami Omar
Published: September 2022

We present a holistic framework for prescriptive analytics. Given side data x, decisions z, and uncertain quantities y that are functions of x and z, we propose a framework that simultaneously predicts y and prescribes the “should be” optimal decisions [Formula: see text]. The algorithm can accommodate a large number of predictive machine learning models as well as continuous and discrete decisions of high cardinality. It also allows for constraints on these decision variables. We show wide applicability and strong computational performances on synthetic experiments and on two real-world case studies.
Prehospital practitioner awareness and experience of CPR-induced consciousness
Authors: Carty Niall , Bury Gerard
Published: September 2022

Background:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation-induced consciousness (CPRIC) is an important but under-researched area. CPRIC in Irish emergency services has never been examined and this study aimed to explore the experiences of prehospital practitioners.

Methods:

This study includes qualitative and quantitative elements, using an online anonymous survey followed by a confidential, one-to-one, semi-structured interview with emergency medical technicians, paramedics and advanced paramedics.

Results:

Of the respondents surveyed, 93% had been involved in the care of at least one case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA); 36% had managed 6–10 OHCAs within the previous 12 months. Three-quarters (75%) were aware of CPRIC and 57% reported that they had witnessed at least one episode of this. CPRIC incidents were characterised by a range of clinical features, which sometimes interrupted care provision and were managed using wide-ranging and non-standardised responses including drug therapy. Both high-quality manual and mechanical CPR were linked to CPRIC. The rate of reported return of spontaneous circulation (63%) was significantly higher than that in Irish national data for OHCA. Seven volunteers participated in confidential sem-istructured interviews. Themes identified included the impact on resuscitation, unfamiliarity with CPRIC manifestations, how CPRIC affected practitioners and educational needs. Practitioners experienced distress because of this phenomenon. All highlighted their desire to have CPRIC addressed by clinical practice guidelines.
A Combination of Context Input Process Product and Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model to Determine the Effectiveness of E-Training for Principals during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dwikurnaningsih Yari , Waruwu Marinu , Wardani Krisma Widi
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 pandemic forces training for principals to be conducted online. This study aims to evaluate the context, input, process, response, study, behavior, and outcome to determine the effectiveness and make recommendations for training. The approach used in this study was a mixed method with a concurrent embedded design and a qualitative method as the main method. The subjects of this study were the principals, committees, and instructors. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and questionnaires and analyzed using Miles and Huberman's model, descriptive analysis, and a t-test. The results show that e-training is effective in context, input, and process. Response, learning, and attitude assessments prove that knowledge, skills, and attitude have improved. Participants will be able to implement the experience gained and impact school quality improvement. This study contributes to the combination of the two evaluation models proven to produce a complete result. The study for the e-training recommends needed assessment before the training, the activity before the training to acquire the skills in using the learning management system, and the monitoring and evaluation after the training.
The Practicum in Teacher Training: Conditions for Integral Training
Authors: Martín-Romera Ana , Martínez-Valdivia Estefanía , Higueras-Rodríguez Lina
Published: September 2022

The practicum is an essential component in the initial training of Secondary Education teachers, as it is the first approach to educational practice that future teachers have. This is a fundamental element for improving the quality of education, as it is one of the objectives of the different educational reforms. This research aims to find out the educational value of the practicum for this group, as well as its advantages and limitations. For this purpose, qualitative research was carried out, using as an instrument an interview with 13 Secondary Education teachers, 2 managers of the master’s degree in Secondary Education Teaching at the University of Granada, 144 students of this master’s degree, and 5 specialists in the subject at a national level. The data obtained were analysed by means of content analysis, using the Nvivo12 program. The most relevant results include the importance of the alternating and interdisciplinary models and development of the activities to be developed by the students during their stay in the schools. Respecting the current model, actions to create the necessary synergies and resources (tutors, supervisors, schools and planning) that promote the training model that is intended are particularly relevant.