bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functioning of Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committees in Punjab: An Appraisal
Authors: Dr Shaik Iftikhar Ahmed
Published: September 2020

The present study aims to assess the composition of VHSNCs; to assess the functioning of VHSNCs and find out the deviations, if any, from the prescribed framework of guidelines and, to understand awareness of VHSNC members about their roles. The proposed study is based on primary data collected with the help of structured questionnaire. The data was collected from one hundred Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committees in Punjab. Four districts of the Punjab state were selected randomly from each direction i.e North, South, East and West. The districts selected were Gurdaspur, Mansa, Mohali and Firozpur from North, South, East and West direction respectively. The study reveals that sampled VHSNCs in Punjab have 12 members per VHSNC. One-fourth of the chairpersons of the VHSNCs in Punjab were illiterate Only 23 per cent of the VHSNCs claimed to have prepared the village health plan. Meetings were organized on monthly basis in only half of the expected meetings per VHSNC. Large number of members was not attending the meetings organised by VHSNCs in Punjab. Majority of the funds received by VHSNCs was utilized for sanitation and cleanliness of the village. Majority of members were not aware about the components and objectives of VHSNC. All members reported that the untied fund is always helpful in solving the issues and problems of the village and the amount of untied fund given to VHSNCs should be increased.
Stubble Burning in North-West India and its Impact on Health
Authors: Ms Charu Batra
Published: September 2020

Burning of crop residues released many pollutants, resulting in serious health hazards. This paper is an attempt to explore status of crop residues burning in Northwest India and its consequences on health in general and on child health in particular. An effort has also been made to find out the correlation between stubble burning and increasing incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children in Punjab. Finally an inventory of suggestions to curb this evil has also been prepared. Based on secondary sources, the data collected from various published studies, reports and NFHS, the present study found that residue burning resulted in the emission of greenhouse and various harmful gases. Such emission of harmful gases is many times higher than the standard level of gases as recommended by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). It has also been observed that the phenomenon of stubble burning is quite high in Punjab with comparison to other northwest Indian states resulting into increase in incidence of ARI among children.
Maternal Health in Haryana: Evidences from NFHS
Authors: Ms Poonam Sandhir
Published: September 2020

The paper is based on National Family Health Survey (NFHS) Haryana data collected during third and fourth round of survey. In terms of maternal health care indicators like ANC, IFA consumption, TT, assisted births, institutional births and PNC, Haryana performed better than India for parameters like TT, assisted deliveries and PNC; at par for IFA tablets and lower for ANC and institutional deliveries. Punjab was ahead of Haryana in terms of all these parameters. All these maternal health care indicators had a positive relationship with the raise in the educational level of the women. With the education the awareness level of women gets enhanced and they understand the importance of vital factors than their uneducated counterparts. Our policy planners and programme implementers should keep this important point well in mind that education is the key to easy eradication of all these problems and education of women will assist in achieving better results.
Effect of Copper Substitution, Calcination Temperature, and Photo-sensitizers on Photocatalytic Activity of Cu0.05 Zn0.95O
Authors: Suyog A. Soni  , Vikram R. Jadhav  , Tushar A. Kere
Published: September 2020

A successful series of CuxZn1-xO (variable x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) were characterized by thermogravimetric (TG-DTA), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. The photocatalytic activity of prepared samples was accurately assessed by the photocatalytic decomposition of LASER dye in an aqueous solution under irradiation of solar light and was compared favourably to non-dope commercially available ZnO photo-catalyst. The effect of various parameters like the amount of a catalyst, the calcination temperature on photocatalytic activity is also studied. The direct effect of various photosensitizing salts like NaCl, Na2CO3, and Na2S2O3 on photocatalytic activity of ZnO and Cu0.05Zn0.95O was carefully studied.
Image Processing Techniques: A Review
Authors: Neetu Rani
Published: September 2020

In today’s scenario image processing is one of the vast growing fields. It is a method which is commonly used to improve raw images which are received from various resources. It is a kind of signal processing. This paper provides an overview of image processing methods. The main concern of this paper is to define various techniques used in different phases of image processing.
Phytochemical Investigation and Pharmacological Evaluation of Solanum xanthocarpum Endowed with their potential Activity
Authors:   Indore Institute of Pharmacy, Rau, Indore, MP – 453331, India, Chhajed Mahavir , Jain Atika ,   Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam University, Indore, MP, India, Gupta Sourabh ,   Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India, Dubey Ishan ,   Shri Aurobindo Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, MP, India, Shrivastava A. K. ,   Nandini Nagar Mahavidyalaya, UP, India
Published: September 2020

The study was done to assess the in-vitro antibacterial potential of various extracts was studied and compared with ciprofloxacin as the standard and shows significant action against E. coli, B. substilis S. aureus, S. pyrogenes, P. aeruginosa, and S. typhi. Anti-fungal potential of the aqueous extract also studied using miconazole as standard and shows significant action against A. niger and C. albicans. Anthelmintic potential of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts was also studied on earthworms, Eudrillus eugeniae using albendazole as standard and shows moderate activity. In the present study in-vitro free radical scavenging activity of whole plant material performed. Various crude extracts of S. xanthocarpum was prepared by successive maceration process using various solvents such as; chloroform, petroleum ether (60-80o), acetone, ethanol and distilled water. Each one extract have been chosen to study the free radical inhibitory activity by DPPH radical scavenging method. The preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts showed that sterols, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates and proteins were present in the plant. Petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and distilled water extracts showed 52.69, 46.15, 21.08, 52.72 and 44.35 % respectively compared to standard ascorbic acid. Acetone extract showed poor inhibition of DPPH radical compared to standard and other extracts also.
On The Generalized Natural Transform
Authors: A.D. Chindhe  , S B Kiwne
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we introduce the Natural transform in the generalized sense with the help of distribution theory. Inversion, Uniqueness theorems and some properties of generalized in¬tegral transform are proved.
Homotopy Analysis Approach of Boussinesq Equation for Infiltration Phenomenon in Unsaturated Porous Medium.
Authors: M A Patel  , N B Desai
Published: September 2020

Boussinesq’s equation is one-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation which represents the infiltration phenomenon. This equation is frequently used to study the infiltration phenomenon in unsaturated porous medium. Infiltration is the process in which the groundwater of the water reservoir has entered in the unsaturated soil through vertical permeable wall. An approximate analytical solution of nonlinear partial differential equation is presented by homotopy analysis method. The convergence of homotopy analysis solution is discussed by choosing proper value of convergence control parameter. The solution represents the height of free surface of infiltrated water.
Pengaruh Politik Dalam Birokrasi Pemerintahan
Authors: Diana Bambang Agus
Published: September 2020

Public Management is a management organization that is formed to achieve goals by coordinating the various interests of many people in a system and administrative pattern. So bureaucratic organizations are activities that require close coordination of activities involving a large number of people and are very structured in the process of implementing government. Increased bureaucracy must be supported by the people above who run the government and not only on the system, as well as any system or rules that are made, if only the people who run the system do not have the ability, and are consistent with their work or devices will be as expected. The public view, bureaucracy is closely related to the problem of service, orderly, systematic, both from the central government to the village level government. The real purpose of bureaucracy is that every public service need can be resolved quickly. Increasing government bureaucracy must be created through healthy apparatus both physically and spiritually (morality). The hope of the community for the bureaucracy is served well and quickly, without convolution with good service, it will accelerate the realization of the goals and aspirations of the people. Politics is an instrument for realizing community goals, namely through government bureaucracy, which results from the political process. The purpose of this paper is to provide a view of the political influence of reforming government bureaucracy. The conclusion is that if public services can be done well through government bureaucracy, then that must be the condition of the implementing government apparatus in addition to having human resources that are in accordance with a morally healthy body.
Penerapan Inovasi Pelayanan PubliK GO-DOK Di Kota Tasikmalaya
Authors: Maolana Pirman , Maruao Tania Firda Anggraini , Hidayani Asri , Wijaya Cepi Sandra , Ardiansyah Fikri
Published: September 2020

Demands for public service innovation are increasingly pressing along with the increasing awareness that the community has the right to be served and the government has an obligation to provide the best service. One of the services provided by the government to the community is population administration services. In this case the researcher examines how the GO-DOK service innovation is applied. This research uses qualitative methods and descriptive approaches. This study uses public service theory and public service innovation. Determination of implementing informants using snowball sampling and user informants using purposive sampling. The latest innovation service presented by the City of Tasikmalaya government in the use of digital-based efforts to facilitate the community, especially in population administration services in the City of Tasikmalaya. With a delivery service developed by the Disdukcapil of Tasikmalaya city.
Peranan Karang Taruna Dalam Pembinaan Kewirausahaan Di Kota Cimahi
Authors: Salsabila Salma , Satria Muhammad Axsal , Zahro Fatimatu
Published: September 2020

Karang Taruna is a community organization formed under the auspices of the Ministry of Social Affairs has a goal to improve social welfare. In 2020-2024 RPJMN focus was on the development of quality human resources (HR) notice of the phenomenon of demographic dividend and in accordance with a presidential decree No. 12 of 2010 on the National Movement for Mental Revolution with one movement is a movement independent Indonesia. Seeing this, the researchers conducted an analysis of the role of Karang Taruna in RW 31, Melong Tengah Village in fostering entrepreneurship. This study uses descriptive qualitative method that in a descriptive study was not intended to test a particular hypothesis, but only to describe what it is about a variable, symptoms or conditions. Indeed, there are times in this study prove the allegations, but not too prevalent. The common is that descriptive study was not to test the hypothesis (Arikunto, 1993 : 310) with data collection through interviews, observation and documentation to determine the role of Karang Taruna in community development. This study has theoretical and practical benefits. The results of the study showed an entrepreneurial coaching process Kedai 31 runs fine.
Kinerja Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Pemerintah Kota Pekalongan
Authors: Nur Mohamad Ichsana , Novarina Peny
Published: September 2020

The City of Pekalongan is one of economic growth hubs in Central Java. Pekalongan possesses a classic issue like an overweight and inefficient bureaucracy, lack of innovation, dissatisfaction of public service, and so on. The government then proceeds digital-based budget so that it succeeds to push public spending. This paper aims to provide an overview of Pekalongan City Government Performance Management in implementing Management Information Systems (MIS) for Public Services. The analysis uses various theoretical perspectives on public sector performance management, public services and public service performance innovation. This research is a descriptive study with data collection techniques using non-reactive content analysis through secondary data and documents that already exist. The analysis shows that the application of technology to the Pekalongan City government innovation performance can save energy, time and budget. Performance monitored through the system from planning to implementation can be monitored through information technology innovation. Thus, an efficient, fair, responsive, accountable public service system can be more easily achieved.
Efisiensi Dan Efektivitas Anggaran Belanja Pada Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Cicalengka Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Pratama Yoga , Pikri Faizal
Published: September 2020

This journal discusses the efficiency and effectiveness of the budget for the Regional Public Service Agency with a case study at the Cicalengka Regional General Hospital in Kabupaten Bandung. Efficiency and effectiveness become a necessity for regional public service bodies because in their services they are required to provide optimal and best services without seeking certain benefits. This study aims to determine the realization of the budget of general hospitals in Bandung district cicalengka by analyzing the efficiency and effectiveness of the expenditure budget, as well as knowing the factors that cause the realization is not achieved optimally and know what are the obstacles in the implementation of the budget and efforts in solving problems on the realization of the budget. The results of the analysis show that the efficiency in the budget of general hospitals in Cicalengka is in the quite efficient category and the effectiveness analysis shows the results in the ineffective category due to the inadequate utilization and planning in optimizing the budget and the lack of available budget in meeting the needs of the hospital.
Kolaborasi dalam Program Inovasi Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Kewilayahan di Kelurahan Babakan Ciparay
Authors: Isakh Irsyad Hanif , Rossa Jessica Claudia , Narendragharini Kaysea Safadristi , Putri Khairunnisa Sultan
Published: September 2020

The implementation of mental revolution in Indonesia is in line with transformation of the governance. One of the government actions to realize mental revolution is collaboration. This research was conducted to study a collaboration in Program Inovasi Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Kewilayahan (PIPPK) at Kelurahan Babakan Ciparay that involves RW, LPM, PKK and Karang Taruna. The research method that used in this paper is qualitative approach. This research refers to the collaboration framework from Linden. The result of this research shows that the collaboration of all stakeholders and society in PIPPK at Kelurahan Babakan Ciparay went well. This can be seen from the basic collaboration that was in place, the relationship between stakeholder went well, the high stakes that was formed, the constituency for collaboration that provided by the stakeholder in the form of engagement, and the collaborative leadership that showed by Lurah Kelurahan Babakan Ciparay. The successful collaboration in PIPPK at Kelurahan Babakan Ciparay supported by characteristic of the community that still in togetherness. However, there are a lot of aspect that must be improved in collaboration at Kelurahan Babakan Ciparay, such as increase social media platform as a toolsof communication and increase innovation in PIPPK’s program.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review
Authors: Gupta Tarana
Published: September 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic liver disease due to viral hepatitis, alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, etc are risk factors for HCC development. Triphasic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abdomen are modalities for HCC diagnosis best for lesions >2 cm size. For lesions <2 cm size, liquid biopsy with the determination of cell-free DNA in the blood is a newly emerging technique for diagnosis as well as for the planning of molecular targeted therapy. With the new concept of “Treatment stage migration”, the updated Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) algorithm for HCC management allows the best treatment modality for an individual patient. In addition to definitive therapy of resection and liver transplantation, palliative therapies like ablation, transarterial embolization, and others can be used. Among molecular targeted therapies for advanced BCLC stage C HCC, lenvatinib as first line, regorafenib and cabozantinib as second line therapy have been approved recently. The checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have revolutionized oncology practice in other solid organ cancers and have shown promising results in HCC management.
The Gospel according to Auerbach
Authors: Newman Jane O.
Published: September 2020

Erich Auerbach'sMimesis(1946) can usefully be read in the context of the Christian existentialist thought to which Auerbach was exposed during his years as a professor at the University of Marburg between 1929 and 1935–36. Specifically, placing Auerbach's account of Peter's denial of Christ as related in the Gospel of Mark in conversation with the work of Auerbach's Marburg colleague Rudolf Bultmann (1884–1976) helps us to understand Auerbach's indebtedness to Bultmann and to seeMimesisin new ways, as a project with a longer collaborative history that concerns not only literary “realism” but also thedargestellte Wirklichkeit(“represented reality”) of the finitude of the human condition. Acknowledging the importance of early-twentieth-century Christian existentialism in Germany for Auerbach's work helps explain the affective hold that Mimesis has had on lay and professional readers alike.
Ralph Ellison, Chester Himes, and the Persistence of Urban Forms
Authors: Wasserman Sarah
Published: September 2020

This essay investigates the treatment of what I call infrastructural racism in fiction by Ralph Ellison and Chester Himes. Ellison'sInvisible Man(1952) and Himes's Harlem Cycle novels (1957–69) chronicle vanishing urban objects and changing infrastructure to show that even as Harlem modernizes, the racist structures that undergird society do not. Ellison and Himes use ephemeral objects like signs, newspapers, and blueprints to encapsulate Harlem's transience and to suggest to readers that the neighborhood itself is a dynamic archive, continually changing yet resistant to overarching narratives of cultural loss or social progress. Himes and Ellison write about permanence and loss in mid-century Harlem in terms that disrupt the social realism associated with the novel of detection and the psychological realism associated with the novel of consciousness. Such a reading prompts a reconsideration of the critical categories–genre fiction and literary fiction–that have, until now, kept these two writers apart.
Determination of The Harvesting Time of Hass Cultivar in Antalya Conditions
Authors: BAYRAM Süleyman , TEPE Seyla
Published: September 2020

Avocado cultivation in the world and Turkey, especially Hass cultivar, increases rapidly in recent years. The fruit quality of avocado is directly related to harvest maturity and post-harvest ripening process and the identification of maturity index has a very large commercial importance. For this purpose; in the fruit samples of Hass cultivar taken at 15-20 days interval from October to June, some fruit quality traits (dry matter, flesh firmness, weight loss, taste, colour of fruit skin and flesh) during the harvest and ripening process and relationships between of these parameters were analysed. As a result, it was found that the most reliable maturity index was the dry matter (DM) content and that there was a direct relationship between its accumulation and the harvesting time. In cases these index values were insufficient, the other postharvest analyses (taste, fruit skin colour, fruit hardness and weight loss) made a contribution to determination of maturity. During the ripening process, very high levels of a positive correlation between harvest time and dry matter (r= 0.92 to 0.96) was observed. According to the fruit maturity of the Hass cultivar, three different harvest periods were defined as early, optimum (most suitable) and late harvests. It was determined that from early October to late December as early harvest (23-25% DM), from January to late May as optimum harvest (26-37% DM), and from beginning to end of June as late harvest (≥38% DM).
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: Current therapies and potential for microbiota-modulating therapeutic approaches
Authors: Alshehri Dikhnah , Saadah Omar , Mosli Mahmoud , Edris Sherif , Alhindi Rashad , Bahieldin Ahmed
Published: September 2020

There is a growing body of evidence reinforcing the unique connections between the host microbiome, health and diseases. Due to the extreme importance of the symbiotic relationship between the intestinal microbiome and the host, it is not surprising that any alteration in the gut microbiota would result in various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is a chronic, relapsing-remitting condition that is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, compromised quality of life and costly medical care. Dysbiosis is believed to exacerbate the progression of IBD. One of the currently used treatments for IBD are anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs, representing a biologic therapy that is reported to have an impact on the gut microbiota composition. The efficacy of anti-TNF agents is hindered by the possibility of non-response, which occurs in 10-20% of treated patients, and secondary loss of response, which occurs in up to 30% of treated patients. This underscores the need for novel therapies and studies that evaluate the role of the gut microbiota in these conditions. The success of any therapeutic strategy for IBD depends on our understanding of the interactions that occur between the gut microbiota and the host. In this review, the health and disease IBD-associated microbiota patterns will be discussed, in addition to the effect of currently used therapies for IBD on the gut microbiota composition, as well as new therapeutic approaches that can be used to overcome the current treatment constraints.
Ethical ideas of Heorhii Ivanovych Chelpanov: to the history of University of St. Volodymyr
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Napadysta V. G.
Published: September 2020

The article examines the ethical ideas in the creative heritage of H.I. Chelpanov, a Professor at St. Volodymyr University, a well-known scientist at the time, the founder of scientific institutions, who actively promoted the spread and deepening of philosophical culture among students and popularized topical ethical issues in public. Although the scientist paid more attention to psychology, it goes unnoticed that moral issues remain cross-cutting in all his works: articulation on the basis of ethics for other fields of scientific knowledge is obvious. H.I. Chelpanov's research interest was mainly focused on the problem of free will, which seems to be dominant in his ethical interests and the definition of value foundations in the vision of human life. According to the scientist, justifying the free will of man in a causally dependent world is extremely difficult and, at the same time, extremely important for the recognition of the highest values of humanity. In his view of free will, the decisive factor is not its causality but human responsibility for his\her actions. The solution of the free will problem for H.I. Chelpanov was possible only in the sphere of morality. Only from this position could free will be protected with the preservation of the original content. Because the problem of free will is solved for moral purposes, it can be solved regardless of whether the issue of causality is resolved. Freedom of will, therefore, he deduced from the sense of responsibility. H.I. Chelpanov not only justified the existence of free will, but also reflected on the ways to achieve it, because, in his opinion, freedom of will is not an original gift, but emerges as a result of hard work of the individual, which, in turn, opens opportunities to change and improve the personality, if desired. H.I. Chelpanov was an implacable opponent of the great European "pessimists" – A. Schopenhauer and E. Hartmann, defended the groundlessness of fatalistic predictions about the moral development of both the individual and humanity as a whole.
Concept of the study of art by R.J. Collingwood as an object of theoretical analysis
Authors:   Kyiv Karpenko-Karyi National University of Theatre, Cinema and Television, Ternova M. V.
Published: September 2020

The article analyzed concept of the study of art by Robin George Collingwood (1889-1943), a well-known English neo-hegelian philosopher. His significant part of the theoretical heritage is connected with the explanation of the nature of art and with the consideration of its condition during the period of the changing Oscar Wilde era to the era of Rudyard Kipling. The circle of problem such as content and form, character, image, mimesis, reflection, emotion, art and "street man" identified. All of them in Collingwood's presentation and interpretation significantly expanded the space of research not only English, but also European art criticism. The concept of study of art is "built" on the basis of an active understanding of historical and cultural traditions accented. The concept of art criticism of R.G. Collingwood – a famous English philosopher of the XIX-XX centuries, on the one hand, has self-importance, and on the other, although based on the traditions of contemporary humanities, still expands art history analysis of aesthetics through aesthetics and psychology. Recognizing the exhaustion of the English model of romanticism, R.G. Collingwood tries to outline the prospects for the development of art in the logic of the movement "romanticism – realism – avant-garde", which leads to the actualization of the problem of "mimesis – reflection". At the same time, the theorist's attention is consciously concentrated around the concept of "subject", the understanding of which is radically changing at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Theoretical material in the presentation of R.G. Collingwood is based on the work of Shakespeare, Reynolds, Turner, Cezanne, whose experience allows us to focus on the problem of "artist and audience". It is emphasized that Collingwood's position is ahead of its time, stimulating scientific research in the European humanities. The existence of indicative tendencies, which are distinguished in the logic of European cultural creation of the historical period, is emphasized.
Comparing Orientation Analysis Methods for a Shallow-Water Ocean-Bottom Seismometer Array in the Bohai Sea, China
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Yuan Songyong , Wang Weitao , Luo Xinheng , Li Li
Published: September 2020

The horizontal orientation estimation of an ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) is critical for providing reliable data for seismological studies. In this article, we applied three independent polarization analysis methods to estimate the absolute horizontal orientation of a pilot shallow-water OBS array in Bohai Sea, China. The OBS array was deployed in the autumn of 2018 and comprised 32 broadband seismometers lasting around 1 yr, aimed at investigating the geodynamics of North China craton and adjacent areas. The timings of the data were corrected through the correlation analysis of regional and teleseismic earthquake events, before the polarization analysis. Polarization analysis using P wave and Rayleigh wave, from both natural earthquakes and noise cross correlations, was performed. In total, 28 out of 29 stations obtained the effective estimates combining the three methods, of which 11 stations showed relatively robust results with variations well below 10° among the three methods. However, the superiority of one method over the others is not obvious. As there is a trade-off between the accepted final estimates and the number of qualified measurements defined by parameters such as the correlation coefficient threshold, window length, and filtering options, we investigated these effects using 15 different groups of parameters for the three methods, and the deviation statistics showed a distribution with the root mean square deviation of 9.2° for the whole array.
Anemia in relation to severity of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm babies born in tertiary care centre in South India
Authors: Pai Hrishikesh S. , Joy Rojo , Cherian Varghese , Peter Preethy
Published: September 2020

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vaso proliferative disorder of retina among preterm infants. Significant cause of blindness in children with increased survival of premature infants with improved neonatal care. Potential risk factors for development of ROP include low gestational age, low birth weight, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, acidosis, oxygen therapy. Anemia as a cause for retinopathy of prematurity has been postulated but there are very few studies addressed the effect of anemia on incidence and severity of ROP. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of anemia on incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity and to determine other factors associated with development of retinopathy of prematurity.Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of 120 babies born premature less than 34 weeks for the development of Retinopathy of prematurity and its severity and for associated conditions. All babies screened for retinopathy of prematurity at 3 weeks of age and further followed up for progression of ROP. Factors analysed included hemoglobin levels at 3 weeks of life, number of blood transfusions, days on ventilator, gestational age, birth weight, duration of oxygen requirement, bronchopulmonary dysplasia for the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Findings described in simple descriptive manner.Results: Anemia and increased requirement for blood transfusion are associated with higher incidence and severity of ROP. Low gestational age, birth weight, prolonged oxygen requirement, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), sepsis are other risk factors.Conclusions: It is significant to screen preterm babies for ROP and to anticipate in the background of these risk factors. Minimise oxygen duration and blood loss for sampling to prevent anemia and reduce transfusions.
Spectrum of prenatally diagnosed neural tube defects at a tertiary referral hospital in North India: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Malik Nisha , Singhal Savita Rani , Nanda Smiti , Sirohiwal Daya , Dahiya Pushpa , Bharti Anita
Published: September 2020

Background: Neural tube defects, although largely preventable, constitute an important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The study aimed to identify incidence rate, demographic profile, risk factors, and pregnancy outcomes of women with prenatally diagnosed NTDs.Methods: This retrospective cohort study reviewed the case records of all antenatal women admitted in labour ward of Pt. B.D Sharma postgraduate institute of medical sciences, Rohtak, India with the prenatal diagnosis of NTDs on ultrasound from August 2018 to January 2020. The sociodemographic details, risk factors, obstetric history and pregnancy outcomes were noted. The mean, standard deviation and range values were calculated for normally distributed data. Categorical data were presented as frequency and percentage values.Results: From a total of 21,187 births, 90 had neural tube defects, making an incidence rate of 4.3 per 1000 births. Out of the 86 included cases of NTDs, 46.5% (n=40) had anencephaly, 45.3% (n=39) spina bifida, 5.8% (n=5) encephalocele and 2.3% (n=2) had mixed defects. Majority (69.7%, n=60) of the women were multigravida with a mean age of 24.9±4.2 years. Preconceptional folic acid intake was found in merely 2.3% (n=2) cases and during first trimester of pregnancy in 39.5% (n=40) cases. About 61.6% (n=53) cases who presented at ≤20 weeks gestation underwent pregnancy termination while 38.3% (n=33) had vaginal delivery, of which majority (90.7%) were still births.Conclusions: NTDs are one of the commonest preventable congenital anomalies. Ensuring periconceptional folate supplementation to women-either by food fortification, dietary modification and public awareness is urgently required.
Vitamin D deficiency in children with asthma
Authors: Ullerithody Kasim Resivi , Iyer Rajalakshmi Harihara , Subharaman Kinattinkara Ramachandran
Published: September 2020

Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases worldwide. Its exact cause remains unknown. Vitamin D has been implicated as a critical regulator of immunity and found to be associated with several immune mediated diseases. Recently there has been increasing interest in the possible link between vitamin D and asthma. Hence, we planned this study to assess the existence of any correlation between asthma and vitamin D levels in India.Methods: Fifty consecutive cases of clinically diagnosed asthma attending asthma clinic and those admitted in IMCH Calicut, Kerala, India were included in the study and administered detailed questionnaire. Routine physical examination and investigation as per the protocol in asthma clinic were done. Blood was drawn for 25 hydroxy cholecalciferol and serum analyzed by Roche Elecsys chemiluminescence assay. Controls were selected only after all fifty cases were selected. Vitamin D levels were assayed in the same manner as in patients with asthma. Vitamin D levels were then analyzed with other parameters and variables. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 16.Results: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in study population. The difference in vitamin D levels between cases and controls is significant.Conclusions: More studies need to be done to ascertain the relationship between asthma and vitamin D in developing countries like India.
Erosive potential of three different commonly used pediatric syrups on deciduous teeth enamel: an in vitro study
Authors: Thilak Neha , Hedge Sundeep K. , Bhat Sham S.
Published: September 2020

Background: The aim of the study is to compare the erosive potential of three different commonly used pediatric syrups on deciduous teeth enamel. The objectives of the study were to assess the endogeneous pH and titratable acidity of mefenamic acid syrup (meftal P), cetrizine syrup (alerid) and multivitamin syrup (zincovit) and to evaluate the microhardness of the enamel after successive immersion cycles in each of the syrups.Methods: 40 non carious deciduous teeth were included for the study The samples were then randomly allocated into 4 groups (10 in each group): Group A- mefenemic acid syrup (meftal P), Group B- cetrizine syrup (alerid), group C- multivitamin syrup (zincovit) and group D- control (distilled water). The samples were then subjected to the immersion cycles in the syrups. Assessment of enamel surface microhardness was done using Vickers hardness tester at 7th day and 14th day. The pH and titrable acidity of the syrups were also assessed. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests were used for the statistical analysis.Results: Out of the test groups, group C showed the lowest pH of around 4.2 and exhibited the largest titrable acidity (22.8 ml) compared with 21 ml in group A and 15.5 ml in group B. At the end of 14th day, group A had microhardness of about 293.43.84±6.34, group B had 299.930±6.85, group C had 313.380±6.23 and group D had 334.190±5.51.Conclusions: All the pediatric liquid medications assessed in the study, meftal P, alerid and zincovit showed acidic pH, high titrable acidities and all the syrups showed loss of microhardness after exposure to the syrups for 14 days. Loss of microhardness was highest for meftal P followed by alerid and least for zincovit.
Congenital rubella syndrome: a case report
Authors: Osman Mahmoud M. , Zakaria Meryat T. , Alnofal Mutassem F. , Hamdoun Sulafa A. , Alissa Mohammed S.
Published: September 2020

Currently, rubella virus infections are very rare in many countries, and may not be recognized promptly.  However, congenital rubella syndrome still appears, often in infants of mothers coming from countries with suboptimal vaccination programs. We describe a case of CRS in a full-term baby girl born to a foreign mother who documented perinatal antibodies against rubella. The baby had the classical abnormalities seen in infants with CRS include congenital cardiac and ocular anomalies. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive rubella serology in both infant and mother. Vaccination is the only known prophylactic measure for congenital rubella syndrome.
Modern contraceptive use among married women: the case of Aleta Chuko district, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Zenebe Andualem , Ayele Abayneh , Woltamo Tesfaye , Tegegne Kaleab Tesfaye
Published: September 2020

Background: Family planning is one of the factors which have a great role in the reduction of global poverty by positively contributing to socio-economic development. Additionally controlling both the number and timing of births through utilization of contraception is associated with improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The aim of the study was to assess utilization of modern contraception among married women.

Methods: A community based cross- sectional study with quantitative and qualitative study methods was conducted from February 15 to March 15, 2016 in Aleta Chuko district, Southern Ethiopia. Multistage cluster sampling procedure was used to select a total of 364 married women of reproductive age (18-49). Descriptive statistics, Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0. On the other hand, qualitative data were analyzed thematically and the result was presented in narration.

Results: Contraceptive prevalence rate among married women in Aleta Chuko district was 45.5%. Results of Multiple Binary Logistic Regression revealed that residence, educational level of the respondents, discussion about modern contraceptives with husband, partner’s approval of modern contraceptive use and joint decision on the number of children were significantly associated with modern contraceptive use.

Conclusions: Therefore, district health office and concerned stakeholders should focus on couples to encourage girl’s education, communication between couples, and male involvement for family planning.
The financial burden of sickle cell disease among parents of children with sickle cell disease in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adeniran Adeyinka , Oluwole Esther O. , Ojo Omobola Y.
Published: September 2020

Background: Sickle cell disease is a genetic condition that affects millions of people globally. In view of this, the study aims at determining the financial burden of sickle cell disease among caregivers of children with sickle cell disease in Nigeria.

Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study and systematic sampling method was used in selecting 162 caregivers amongst the patients in the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data and analysed using SPSS version 22 software and Microsoft Excel 2007. Results were presented in frequency tables, chi-square to test association between categorical variables and the statistical significance level was set at p<0.05.

Results: The mean age of the caregivers was 34.3 years with an increase in frequency of hospitalization 39% amongst respondents and a cost of hospital bill was over thirty thousand naira (US$76.82). The reason given mostly by 77% of the respondents for non-usage of health insurance was that the enrolment’s premium was high and 53% of the caregivers took loan to treat their wards. Catastrophic healthcare expenditure was found among a quarter 21% of the respondents due to non-usage of health insurance. There was a statistical significance association between level of education and Catastrophic healthcare expenditure at p value <0.05.

Conclusions: Due to high level of financial burden on caregivers and family members, it will be an important step for the government to strengthen the health insurance scheme, intensify campaigns and subsidize costs of healthcare for these patients.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of refractive errors among medical students in Western Odisha: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Satapathy Sushree Priyadarsini , Panda Bharati , Panda Sadhu Charan
Published: September 2020

Background: prevalence of refractive errors among medical students pursing higher studies is very high. Very little data about the prevalence of refractive errors among medical students in western Odisha is available. So, this Present study was undertaken with an objective were to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla, Western Odisha, India and to study the association between various risk factors with the prevalence of refractive errors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduates i.e. (from 1st year to final year) students of VIMSAR, Burla for a period of 2 months i.e. February to March 2020 with sample size of 200. A pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed to students. To assess refractive errors among study population auto refractometer was used.

Results: The overall prevalence of refractive errors in our study was 65%. Most common type of refractive error was Myopia i.e. 113 (86.92%) among the medical students followed by Astigmatism (10.77%) and Hypermetropia (2.31%) respectively. It was observed in our present study that the prevalence of refractive errors was highly associated within crease in study duration, use of electronic gadgets such as smartphones and computers and with the presence of family history this group difference was found to be significantly associated with chi-square=9.4183, 78.9173, 114.235 and 56.1899 respectively with P<0.05.

Conclusion: High prevalence of refractive errors was found among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla which emphasis on the need for routine ophthalmological evaluation and their proper assessment and management.
Acute hepatitis induced by a single dose of hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Raut Presenjit
Published: September 2020

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is considered the drug of choice for prophylaxis of COVID-19. It is supposed to be a safe drug. Herein we describe a case where a single dose of HCQ has led to acute toxic hepatitis. A junior of CIMS, Bilaspur while working at surgery department took a single dose of HCQ and suffered from jaundice. This suggests that we cannot label any drug to be safe and should take drug only after proper medical consultation and prescription without which even a single dose can cause hypersensitivity reaction.
Complex uninterpretable electrocardiogram and syncope
Authors: Mukherjee Sudeb
Published: September 2020

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential component as diagnostic modalities in cardiovascular diseases. A wide spectrum of diseases can be diagnosed by ECG. Conduction disturbances manifest in ECG with characteristics manner. Sometimes these manifestations are not interpretable with the current concept of cardiovascular physiology. Here I have reported such an interesting ECG which is complex and difficult to interpret.
Comments on electromagnetic field exposure on sleep
Authors: Mild Kjell Hansson , Johnsson Anders , Mattsson Mats-Olof
Published: September 2020

We have read the newly published paper by Gandhi et al (2020) in which they set out to investigate the effects of exposure from a mobile phone on the sleep patterns of medical students. The study population is subjects who keep their phone less than 1 m from the head during sleep.
Research of the gender aspect of filmonym’s translation
Authors: Pankratova Svetlana A.
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the translation of feminine film titles on the example of English filmonyms of the last decade. The article is aimed at the study of the filmonyms’ translation in the Russian film discourse, which leaves its specific imprint on the translator’s decisions. The paper treats the translation of feminine-marked filmonyms as a topical problem of the linguistics of gender and the theory of translation - the study of the means of translation of feature film titles from English to Russian from the point if view of gender-marked translators’ slant. The application of the method of typological synchronous comparison allows to compare translation from the point of view of the feminine-masculine balance and the presence of feminine markers. The comparison is based on the thesis of adaptation and deformation of the source English film title. If the adaptation focuses on the convergence of the translation to the source culture and its specifics and is oriented on the mutrual cultural dialogue, then the deformation, on the contrary, prioritises the peculiarities of the accepting culture. The author of the article proves the thesis that in many cases the translation is not tolerant, the point of view of the translator affects the translation and therefore women are presented as nervous, obese, mentally different and emotionally unstable.
ESPAÇOS DE GOVERNANÇA TERRITORIAL NA AMAZÔNIA: ANÁLISE SOBRE O CONSELHO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL DO BAIXO TOCANTINS – PARÁ
Authors: Ribeiro Nayara Viana , Paulino Gessiane da Silva , Souza Armando Lirio de
Published: September 2020

Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar elementos de Governança Territorial no Conselho de Desenvolvimento Territorial do Baixo Tocantins, Estado do Pará, e suas implicações para o desencadeamento de processos de Desenvolvimento Territorial. Para isso, realizou-se análise documental do primeiro Plano Territorial de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável do Baixo Tocantins, além de participações em reuniões do conselho. Os resultados revelaram que o Conselho de Desenvolvimento Territorial do Baixo Tocantins, no que tange à sua estrutura, consiste em um espaço de Governança Territorial na Amazônia, no entanto, verifica-se que essa nova Governança ainda não conseguiu implantar novos processos de Desenvolvimento Territorial.
PRODUÇÃO MATERIAL DE EXISTÊNCIA DE RIBEIRINHOS QUE VIVEM PRÓXIMO A ÁREAS URBANAS
Authors: Silva José Bittencourt da , Silva Cledinei Oliveira da , Pinheiro Márcio Fernando Duarte , Oliveira Raimundo Nonato Leite de
Published: September 2020

Objetiva-se no presente trabalho descrever de maneira analítica o modo como uma comunidade ribeirinha produz e, ao mesmo tempo, reproduz as condições de produção da sua vida material. O texto baseia-se em pesquisa de campo exploratória do tipo Survey, com observações “in loco”, entrevistas não diretivas e registros fotográficos. Conclui-se que a realidade das famílias ribeirinhas se caracteriza pela multiplicidade de atividades laborais e pela racionalidade característica dos processos de produção e reprodução de base familiar. Certamente essa dinâmica se reproduz em outros territórios ribeirinhos. O que se segue são discussões propostas a partir dos objetivos traçados.