bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecotoxicological evaluation of sediments applied to environmental forensic investigation
Authors: Alves R. H. , Rietzler A. C.
Published: November 2015

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the potential for using toxicity assays with sediment samples for the detection of water pollution caused by the discharge of tannery effluents into water bodies and its application to environmental forensic investigation. The study included ecotoxicological evaluation of sediments, survey of benthic organisms in the field, as well as chromium, cadmium and lead dosage which provided data for a sediment quality triad evaluation. The sediment samples showed acute and chronic toxicity to the bioindicators, low biodiversity of benthic macrofauna and high chromium concentration, reaching up to 4365 mg.Kg–1. A close relationship was observed between the separate results of ecotoxicological sediment evaluation and the sediment quality triad. The sediment ecotoxicological assessment proved to be applicable to tracking sources of contamination related to tanneries and similar activities in environmental forensics.
Structure of the parasite infracommunity of Sciades proops from the Japaratuba River Estuary, Sergipe, Brazil
Authors: Carvallho R. P. S. , Takemoto R. M. , Melo C. M. , Jeraldo V. L. S. , Madi R. R.
Published: November 2015

Abstract The catfish species Sciades proops inhabits muddy estuaries and shallow brackish lagoons, as well as freshwater. For these reasons, it is believed that this species may act as an intermediate, definitive and paratenic host in the life cycle of many parasites. From November 2010 to November 2011 and from August 2012 to July 2013, a total of 126 specimens of Sciades proops from the estuarine region of the Japaratuba River in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, were examined for parasites, of which 84.13% were infected by at least one species: Ergasilus sp. (Copepoda) (Prevalence P = 77.78%, Mean of Intensity MI = 10.08 ± 15.48, Mean Abundance MA = 14.27 ± 7.48) in the gills, Contracaecum sp. (P = 23.02%, MI = 20.59 ± 80.58, MA =39.12 ± 4.47) in the general cavity, Procamallanus sp. (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09), Raphidascaroides sp. (P = 2.31%, MI = 1.33 ± 0.58, MA = 0.33 ± 0.22) and Cuccullanus sp. (Nematoda) (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) in the intestine, Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea) (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) in the gills, Pseudoacanthostomumpanamense (P = 1.59%, MI = 9.00 ± 8.49, MA = 0.14 ± 1.36) in the intestine, Clinostomum sp. (P = 1.59%, MI = 17.50 ± 23.33, MA = 0.29 ± 3.03) on the body surface and two unidentified metacercariae, referred to as Metacercaria 1 (P = 0.79%; IM = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) and Metacercaria 2 (Digenea) (P = 0.79%, MI = 7, MA = 0.06 ± 0.62) in the swim bladder. Ergasilus sp. was the dominant species and thus classified as core, with Contracaecum sp. as the satellite and other species as secondary species. The spatial distribution of infection with Ergasilus sp. and Contracaecum sp. showed a typical pattern of aggregate distribution. The sex of the host did not influence parasitic infections, but infection with Ergasilus sp. showed a positive and significant correlation with biometric and epidemiologic parameters, whereas infection with Contracaecum sp. was correlated only with prevalence and abundance.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Enterococcus species isolated from meat and dairy products
Authors: Pieniz S. , Andreazza R. , Okeke B. C. , Camargo F. A. O. , Brandelli A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have an important role in a great variety of fermented foods. In addition to their contribution to sensory characteristics, they enhance food preservation and can be used as probiotics. In this study, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of culture supernatants and cell free extracts of 16 LAB isolated from meat and dairy products were investigated. The bacterial were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. GenBank BLAST analysis revealed that all the isolates belong to Enterococcus faecium species. Antimicrobial activity against the indicator microorganism (Listeria monocytogenes) was observed at 11 culture supernatants and 4 cell free extracts. The sensibility of culture supernatant was evaluated by proteinase K and trypsin and it was observed that activity of antimicrobial substance was completely lost after the treatment. All of the isolates showed antioxidant activity as determined by the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method with both types of extracts. When the antioxidant capacity was investigated using ABTS•+ method (2,2 azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) it was observed that only culture supernatants showed antioxidant capacity. These bacteria could particularly help to reduce or inhibit pathogenic microorganisms as well as oxidative spoilage in foods and feed.
Trace elements concentrations in Buff-breasted Sandpiper sampled in Lagoa do Peixe National Park, Southern Brazil
Authors: Scherer J. F. M. , Scherer A. L. , Barbieri E. , Petry M. V. , Valiati V. H.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, zinc and lead concentrations were detected in feathers of Buff-breasted Sandpipers (Calidris subruficollis) captured during the non-breeding season and analyzed with relationship to body mass. Of these metals tested for, only copper levels (2.28 µg/g) were positively correlated with bird body mass. Zinc levels showed higher concentration (67.97 µg/g) than the other metals, and cadmium levels showed the lowest concentration (0.14 µg/g). Trace element concentrations were below toxicity levels for all tested chemicals and we suggest that this probably reflects that essential elements are maintained there by normal homeostatic mechanism and that no excessive environmental exposure to these elements during migration or on the wintering area is suggested by these results.
New records of the striped cleaner shrimp Lysmata grabhami (Gordon, 1935) from Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Kassuga A. D. , Diele K. , Hostim-Silva M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract New records for Lysmata grabhami (Gordon, 1935) in Brazilian waters are presented. Four adult individuals from coastal waters off the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo coast and one adult from Trindade Island were collected during scuba diving in depths between 20-40 meters. These two records represent the southernmost published finding of this species in the Atlantic and the record for Vitória, Espirito Santo is the first from Brazilian coastal waters.
Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of leaf infusions of Myrtaceae species from Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna)
Authors: Takao L. K. , Imatomi M. , Gualtieri S. C. J.
Published: November 2015

Abstract There is considerable interest in identifying new antioxidants from plant materials. Several studies have emphasized the antioxidant activity of species belonging to the Myrtaceae family. However, there are few reports on these species from the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). In this study, the antioxidant activity and phenolic content of 12 native Myrtaceae species from the Cerrado were evaluated (Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Eugenia bimarginata, Eugenia dysenterica, Eugenia klotzschiana, Hexachlamys edulis, Myrcia bella, Myrcia lingua, Myrcia splendens, Myrcia tomentosa, Psidium australe, Psidium cinereum, and Psidium laruotteanum). Antioxidant potential was assessed using the antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the DPPH method and total phenolic content (TPC) by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. There was a high correlation between TPC and AAI values. Psidium laruotteanum showed the highest TPC (576.56 mg GAE/g extract) and was the most potent antioxidant (AAI = 7.97, IC50 = 3.86 µg·mL−1), with activity close to that of pure quercetin (IC50 = 2.99 µg·mL−1). The extracts of nine species showed IC50 of 6.24–8.75 µg·mL−1. Most species showed TPC and AAI values similar to or higher than those for Camellia sinensis, a commonly consumed tea with strong antioxidant properties. The results reveal that the analyzed Myrtaceae species from the Cerrado possess high phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. Thus, they are a potential source of new natural antioxidants.
Hematological, morphological and morphometric characteristics of blood cells from rhea, Rhea Americana (Struthioniformes: Rheidae): a standard for Brazilian birds
Authors: Gallo S. S. M. , Ederli N. B. , Bôa-Morte M. O. , Oliveira F. C. R.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Blood exams are an indispensable tool in bird medicine. This study aimed at describing values and aspects of rheas' hematology, Rhea americana, as well as analyzing the morphology and morphometry of all blood cells. Fifty eight adult rheas of both sexes from two farms, one in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo State and the other in São Carlos, São Paulo State, were selected. Blood samples were taken and RBC count, PCV and Hb levels measured and used in hematimetric indexes calculations. The total and differentiated leukocyte counts, as well as the TPP and fibrinogen were determined. Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes were identified and characterized morphologically. The values for the red series and hematimetric indexes were: RBC (2.81±0.15×106/μL), PCV (44.20±2.86%), Hb (12.12±0.74 g/dL), MCV (15.75±0.89 fL), MCH (43.18±1.82 pg), MCHC (27.44±0.80 g/dL); the values of white series were: WBC (12.072±4116/μL), heterophils (64.10±9.90%), eosinophils (2.05±2.06%), monocytes (6.40±2.99%), lymphocytes (26.93±9.62%), basophils (0.52±1.27%). One may conclude that on average, rheas' blood cells are larger than those of other birds, but these cells in smears cannot be differentiated only by their size. Besides rheas' leukocytes have different components and coloring as in other bird species, however, there are no components or staining aspects unique to the species.
Helminth parasite communities of two Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leiuperidae) populations under different conditions of habitat integrity in the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil
Authors: Aguiar A. , Toledo G. M. , Anjos L. A. , Silva R. J.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Adults of Physalaemus cuvieri were collected and necropsied between November 2009 and January 2010. This was carried out in order to report and compare the helminth fauna associated with two populations of this anuran species from the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest under different conditions of habitat integrity. The hosts from the disturbed area were parasitized with five helminth taxa: Cosmocerca parva, Aplectana sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., Oswaldocruzia subauricularis (Nematoda) and Polystoma cuvieri (Monogenea) while those from the preserved area had four helminth taxa: C. parva, Aplectana sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp., and Acanthocephalus saopaulensis (Acanthocephala). Prevalence, mean intensity of infection, mean abundance, mean richness, importance index and dominance frequency of helminth component communities were similar in both areas. The helminth community associated with anurans from the disturbed area had higher diversity than that from the preserved area. This study is the first to report on the acanthocephalan parasites of Ph. cuvieri, and the similarity between helminth fauna composition of two host populations under different selective pressures.
Biology and fertility life table of Eriopis connexa, Harmonia axyridis and Olla v-nigrum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Zazycki L. C. F. , Semedo R. E. S. , Silva A. , Bisognin A. Z. , Bernardi O. , Garcia M. S. , Nava D. E.
Published: November 2015

Abstract The coccinellids Eriopis connexa (Germar), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant) are important natural biological control agents. The purpose of this paper was to study the biology and create a fertility life table of these three coccinellid species. For the biology study, 50 insects/species were used and kept in groups of 10 in glass vials (2300cm3). For the three species studied, the viability of the total cycle varied from 45 to 50%. O. v-nigrum was the species which presented the longest oviposition period. However, H. axiridis demonstrated the best reproductive performance and ability of population growth in each generation. In conclusion, the use of commercially obtained pollen and A. kuenhiella eggs enables the development of coccinellids E. connexa, H. axyridis and O. v-nigrum under laboratory conditions, since the insects completed their biological cycle and originated adults with good reproductive performance.
Redescription of Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron, 1886) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae), parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Brazil
Authors: Camargo L. F. , Brito R. A. , Penteado-Dias A. M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) is a voracious pest of numerous crops of economic importance throughout the New World. In Brazil, its larvae are attacked by several species of parasitoid wasps, making them potential candidate as biological control agents against this pest. A survey of the parasitoid fauna on S. frugiperda in maize crops throughout Brazil reveals two species of Campoletis, which are morphologicaly very similar species. In this paper we combine these data with pictures from the type material of C. sonorensis and C. flavicincta, as well as their descriptions to provide a redescription to Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron, 1886) using for this both morphological characters and DNA Barcoding (Hebert et al., 2003) information, in an attempt to help with the correct identification of the taxa to improve biological control studies.
Edge effects on the blowfly fauna (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of the Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Gadelha B. Q. , Ribeiro A. C. , Aguiar V. M. , Mello-Patiu C. A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract In this contribution we examine the diversity, abundance and species richness of Calliphoridae in the Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Specimens were collected monthly between September 2009 and August 2010, using sardines as bait, in three points: A, on the forest edge (22°56’846"S 43°17’496"W), B, 700m from it (22°57’073"S 43°17’832"W) and C, 1,200m into the forest (22°57’321"S 43°18’031"W), evaluating the indicator species at each point and the anthropogenic influences and abiotic factors that determine species distribution. A total of 16,364 Calliphoridae were collected and 17 species were identified. Species abundance was strongly positively correlated with temperature. The greatest number of flies was collected at A, but in this point, diversity was lower and most individuals collected belonged to the dominant species. Point C, conversely, had the lower abundance and the highest diversity. Chrysomya megacephala, an urban and synanthropic species, was dominant at point A, whereas Laneela nigripes and Mesembrinella peregrina, typically forest species, were considered indicators at points B and C, respectively, showing that the anthropogenic influence is more intense at the forest edge.
The impact of anthropogenic food supply on fruit consumption by dusky-legged guan (Penelope obscura Temminck, 1815): potential effects on seed dispersal in an Atlantic forest area
Authors: Vasconcellos-Neto J. , Ramos R. R. , Pinto L. P.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Frugivorous birds are important seed dispersers and influence the recruitment of many plant species in the rainforest. The efficiency of this dispersal generally depends on environment quality, bird species, richness and diversity of resources, and low levels of anthropogenic disturbance. In this study, we compared the sighting number of dusky-legged guans (Penelope obscura) by km and their movement in two areas of Serra do Japi, one around the administrative base (Base) where birds received anthropogenic food and a pristine area (DAE) with no anthropogenic resource. We also compared the richness of native seeds in feces of birds living in these two areas. Although the abundance of P. obscura was higher in the Base, these individuals moved less, dispersed 80% fewer species of plants and consumed 30% fewer seeds than individuals from DAE. The rarefaction indicated a low richness in the frugivorous diet of birds from the Base when compared to the populations from DAE. We conclude that human food supply can interfere in the behavior of these birds and in the richness of native seeds dispersed.
Growth of Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow in alternative media
Authors: Sipaúba-Tavares L. H. , Berchielli-Morais F. A. , Scardoeli-Truzzi B.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Current study investigates the effect of two alternative media NPK (20-5-20) fertilizer and NPK plus macrophyte (M+NPK) compared to the commercial medium (WC) under growth rate and physiological parameters in batch culture mode (2-L), and verifies whether the use of fertilizer (NPK) and macrophyte (Eichhornia crassipes) would be a good tool for Haematococcus pluvialis culture in the laboratory. The highest number of cells of H. pluvialis has been reported in NPK medium (5.4 × 105cells.mL–1) on the 28th day, and in the M+NPK and WC media (4.1 × 105 cells.mL–1 and 2.1 × 105 cells.mL–1) on the 26th day, respectively. Chlorophyll-a contents were significantly higher (p<0.05) in NPK medium (41-102 µg.L–1) and lower in WC and M+NPK media (14-61 µg.L–1). The astaxanthin content was less than 0.04 mg.L–1. Production cost of 10-L of H. pluvialis was low in all media, and NPK and M+NPK media had a cost reduction of 65% and 82%, respectively when compared with commercial medium (WC). The use of a medium based on commercial fertilizer and macrophyte (E. crassipes) produced a new medium formulation that proved to be efficient, at least in batch culture mode, in promoting high density culture of H. pluvialis. NPK and macrophyte (E. crassipes) medium seems to be an adequate alternative to replace the conventional one (WC).
Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis: review of main techniques
Authors: Ramos D. F. , Silva P. E. A. , Dellagostin O. A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) remains an important economic and zoonotic problem in Latin America. Traditionally, the fight against BTB is initiated by the implementation of routine diagnostic tests for certification of free properties. The diagnosis of BTB can be made by direct and indirect methods, in which we can mention clinical, post mortem, histopathological, immunological, bacteriological and molecular methods. The renewal of scientific interest in tuberculosis in recent year has led to develop and improve methods of diagnosis, prevention, control and eradication of BTB. The aim of this review is to present and discuss different diagnosis methods of BTB.
Basileia III: Impacto para os Bancos no Brasil
Authors: Pinheiro Fernando Antonio Perrone , Savóia José Roberto Ferreira , Securato José Roberto
Published: November 2015

RESUMO Este artigo avalia os possíveis impactos decorrentes da mudança do capital requerido dos bancos no Brasil, com a implantação do Acordo de Basileia III. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma amostra de 58 bancos, que compreende 80% dos ativos do Sistema Financeiro Nacional, segundo os balanços de dezembro de 2012. A metodologia adotada simulou a necessidade de capital regulatório que será exigida ao final do período de transição, em 2019, considerando a continuidade dos ativos ponderados pelo risco (APR) contido nesses balanços. Assumindo que alguns bancos irão recorrer ao mercado de capitais para elevar sua capitalização, foram analisados os retornos sobre o patrimônio (return on equity - ROE) nos últimos três anos, comparados ao custo de capital próprio, estimado pelo modelo internacional de precificação de ativos de capital (international capital asset pricing model - ICAPM). Constatou-se que 23 instituições apresentaram algum tipo de desenquadramento ao novo capital regulatório, dentre as quais os 3 maiores bancos públicos federais. Verificou-se, também, que 39 bancos apresentam ROE insuficiente para atrair novos investidores. A análise conjunta da adequação da estrutura de capital e do nível de retorno pode identificar eventuais vulnerabilidades. Conclui-se que a implantação do Acordo de Basileia III no Brasil pode intensificar a busca por maior eficiência e lucratividade. Em um futuro cenário, o sistema bancário brasileiro pode observar uma onda de fusões e aquisições e o crescimento do número de ofertas públicas iniciais (initial public offerings - IPOs).
New and interesting fungi (Loculoascomycetes) from the Amazon
Authors: Boise Jean
Published: November 2015

A new genus, Javaria, and species, J; samuelsii, are described from material collected at Serra Aracã, Amazonas. Also, the taxonomy of two other Amazonian species is updated; Herpotrichia villosa is tranferred to Byssosphaeria and Thaxteriella roraimensis is tranferred to Tubeufia.
The family Trypetheliaceae (Loculoascomycetes: lichenized Melanommatales) in Amazonian Brazil.
Authors: Harris Richard C.
Published: November 2015

The family Trypetheliaceae is redefined including a key to the genera. Exiliseptum gen. nov. is described. Keys to the species are provided for the six genera which occur in Amazonian Brazil along with brief comments on the three other genera. Thirty-five species are included, tem new species described and ten new combinations proposed.
NewAscomycetes from Amazonas.
Authors: Samuels Gary J. , Rogerson Clark T.
Published: November 2015

Five nem species of Amazonian fungi are described based on recently collected material: Hypomycespseudopolyporinus Samuels & Rogerson (anamorph = Arnoldiomyces macrosporus Samuels & Rogerson), H. villosus Samuels & Rogerson, Hypocrea dipterobia Samuels & Rogerson and Ontectodiscus nectriodes Samuels & Rogerson.
A new species of Abarema Pittier (Mimosaceae ingeae) from Amazonian Brazil.
Authors: Barneby R. C. , Grimes J. W.
Published: November 2015

Abarema piresii Barneby & Grimes is described from the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Pará. The species is illustrated an tis relationships are discussed. Two kindred species are incidentally transferred from Pithecellobium to Abarema as A. curvicarpa (Irwin) and A. moniliformis (Ducke) Barneby & Grimes.
A new species of Hibiscus from the Amazon basin.
Authors: Fryxell Paul A.
Published: November 2015

A new species, Hibiscus amazonicus, is described from the Amazon Basin. Characters distinguishing the new species from its nearest relatives presented.
Ficus species of Brazilian Amazonia and the Guianas
Authors: Berg CC. , Avila M. Vázquez , Kooy F.
Published: November 2015

In order, to place the new taxa. of Ficus found in Amazonian Brazil and the Guianas (see Vázquez Avila, Berg & Kooy, Acta Amazonica, fallowing article in this volume) in a taxonomic and phytogeographic framework, a key to the taxa provisionally recognized for Amazonia and the Guianas is presented and fallowed by a concise treatment of these taxa.
A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL COMO ESTRATÉGIA PARA A REDUÇÃO DE RISCOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS
Authors: DA-SILVA-ROSA TERESA , MENDONÇA MARCOS BARRETO , MONTEIRO TÚLIO GAVA , SOUZA RICARDO MATOS DE , LUCENA REJANE
Published: November 2015

ResumoNo Brasil, estudos no campo socioambiental mostram que a Educação Ambiental pode contribuir na redução de riscos de desastres (RRD) por colaborar para a construção da cidadania a partir da compreensão da situação de risco em que vivem populações vulnerabilizadas historicamente pelo processo de desenvolvimento. A partir de dois projetos de educação ambiental em áreas de risco do país, esta comunicação discute a vulnerabilidade socioambiental como processo de construção historicamente estabelecido o qual contribui para a consolidação da injustiça ambiental em áreas urbanas de grandes metrópoles brasileiras. Situados em Niterói (RJ) e em Jaboatão dos Guararapes (PE), os projetos analisados envolveram jovens e buscou motivá-los a participarem de atividades no sentido de levá-los a compreender e instigá-los a transformar a situação de risco em que vivem.
UMA GRANDE OPORTUNIDADE: O SINDICALISMO E SEUS PROJETOS DE ECOLOGIZAÇÃO DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: PICOLOTTO EVERTON LAZZARETTI , BRANDENBURG ALFIO
Published: November 2015

ResumoAs preocupações ambientais têm influenciado os projetos políticos e a construção das pautas das organizações de agricultores familiares. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como estas preocupações foram assimiladas pela Federação dos Trabalhadores na Agricultura Familiar da região Sul (FETRAF-Sul), na região Sul do Brasil. Com base em pesquisa documental e entrevistas com lideranças de agricultores fez-se uma leitura sobre o processo de construção da pauta ambiental no sindicalismo. Desde meados da década de 1980, o tema ambiental vem se fazendo presente nas preocupações sindicais, entretanto, a forma como ele vem sendo entendido muda ao longo dos anos. Se em um primeiro momento tendia a ser associado com as consequências negativas da modernização da agricultura, no período mais recente o tema ambiental vem sendo colocado no centro do projeto de agricultura do sindicalismo e passa a fomentar uma possível positivação do modelo de produzir da agricultura familiar.
O RURAL MEDIATIZADO: ANÁLISE COMPARADA BRASIL-PORTUGAL
Authors: BARROS ANTONIO TEIXEIRA DE
Published: November 2015

ResumoO presente estudo analisa as representações sociomediáticas sobre o ambiente rural no Brasil e em Portugal, a partir de dois ângulos específicos: o rural degradado e o rural idealizado. Esse procedimento se justifica pela própria perspectiva da mediatização do ambiente nos dois países, cuja lógica consagrou essa dualidade. A pesquisa foi realizada com base na técnica de revisão sistemática de estudos acadêmicos sobre mediatização ambiental, história das ideias ecológicas, sociologia da comunicação e as ciências sociais do ambiente. A principal conclusão é que, nos dois países, a mediatização das temáticas rurais atende aos interesses dos públicos urbanos e reforça aspectos do imaginário social, a partir de elementos culturalmente relevantes como o fogo, a terra, a água e as matas. A mediatização funciona como um poderoso processo interacional de referência para a assimilação das imagens e representações sobre a natureza, seja em relação ao rural idealizado ou ao rural degradado.
A MARICULTURA E AS BASES ECONÔMICAS, SOCIAL E AMBIENTAL QUE DETERMINAM SEU DESENVOLVIMENTO E SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: PEREIRA LEANDRO ANGELO , ROCHA ROSANA MOREIRA DA
Published: November 2015

ResumoA maricultura, ramo específico da aquicultura que engloba a produção de organismos marinhos e estuarinos, possui como componentes principais o manejo da produção, a relação direta com o ambiente e seu proprietário. Essas características fazem com que a atividade possa ser analisada pelas Ciências Econômicas, Sociais e Ambientais. Assim, surge como uma alternativa importante no desenvolvimento econômico e pode ser uma atividade para as comunidades litorâneas, interagindo diretamente com o meio ambiente onde está inserida. Nessa perspectiva, pode ser analisada sob o conceito da sustentabilidade. O presente trabalho discorre sobre essa temática, apontando aspectos da maricultura sustentável, considerando características de uma produção lucrativa, conexão com a conservação de sistemas naturais e importantes aspectos sociais, como possibilidade de integração com práticas locais.
PERCEPÇÕES E ADAPTAÇÃO AOS RISCOS CLIMÁTICOS E SOCIOECONÓMICOS NA PECUÁRIA FAMILIAR DO BIOMA PAMPA
Authors: LITRE GABRIELA , BURSZTYN MARCEL
Published: November 2015

ResumoNo contexto da modernidade industrial em crise, a capacidade adaptativa aos novos riscos climáticos e socioeconômicos passa pelo estudo da percepção e da compreensão desses riscos. Por meio de entrevistas com bovinocultores familiares da Argentina, Brasil e Uruguai, o presente trabalho descreve suas percepções e as estratégias de adaptação face aos riscos climáticos e socioeconômicos que enfrentam no bioma Pampa. Os resultados confirmam que não existe um "pecuarista clarividente" que seja capaz de realizar previsões totalmente corretas sobre os futuros cenários climáticos. As famílias entrevistadas percebem com muito maior facilidade os riscos familiares, econômicos e institucionais que ameaçam diretamente a sustentabilidade de sua atividade no curto prazo. Confirmamos que a passagem das situações de risco à percepção do risco está condicionada por barreiras sociais e cognitivas, e isso dificulta as formas de se adaptar e equacionar os conflitos inerentes às mudanças globais nas sociedades contemporâneas.
O ATIVISMO ALIMENTAR NA PERSPECTIVA DO LOCAVORISMO
Authors: AZEVEDO ELAINE DE
Published: November 2015

ResumoO artigo apresenta um estudo conceitual sobre o Locavorismo, sua dimensão socioambiental e econômica, as discussões sobre qualidade e riscos dos alimentos locais e a relação entre o movimento, o Vegetarianismo e o Feminismo. Serão abordadas categorias como "local próprio" e "local alheio", "alimento local", "alimento com identidade local" e "alimento tradicional" que aparecem como homogêneas. O Locavorismo pode ser uma estratégia de promoção da agricultura familiar e evidencia práticas alimentares que dialogam com os princípios da sustentabilidade. O estudo aponta a necessidade de se desenvolver estudos empíricos que possam investigar novas formas de articulações com o local.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DE UNIDADES DE PRODUÇÃO AGROECOLÓGICAS: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DOS MÉTODOS IDEA E MESMIS
Authors: CÂNDIDO GESINALDO DE ATAÍDE , NÓBREGA MARIANA MOURA , FIGUEIREDO MARILIA TAYNAH MARTINS DE , SOUTO MAIOR MÔNICA MARIA
Published: November 2015

ResumoEste artigo é um ensaio teórico em que são comparados dois métodos de avaliação da sustentabilidade de agroecossistemas - IDEA e MESMIS - por meio dos critérios de análise: conceito de sustentabilidade; objetivos e público-alvo; flexibilidade e adaptabilidade; abordagem sistêmica e envolvimento de stakeholders. Os critérios foram selecionados visando contribuir com escolhas futuras para avaliação da sustentabilidade em unidades produtivas agroecológicas. O estudo concluiu que ambos os métodos podem ser empregados, a depender dos propósitos, condições e contexto da avaliação. O MESMIS é mais flexível e participativo, mas requer equipe multidisciplinar capacitada para apoiar a aplicação junto aos agricultores, podendo haver problemas de aderência ao conceito de sustentabilidade. O IDEA tem estrutura rígida e coerente com um claro conceito de sustentabilidade, podendo ser aplicado pelo próprio agricultor com apoio de um técnico, mas requer adaptações prévias ao contexto local e à disponibilidade de dados.
DE LA CONSERVACIÓN DEL SUELO AL CUIDADO DE LA TIERRA: UNA PROPUESTA ÉTICO-AFECTIVA DEL USO DEL SUELO
Authors: TOBASURA ACUÑA ISAÍAS , OBANDO MONCAYO FRANCO HUMBERTO , MORENO CHAVEZ FRED ALBERTO , MORALES LONDOÑO CARMEN SOLEDAD , HENAO CASTAÑO ANGÉLICA MARÍA
Published: November 2015

ResumenDesde que los humanos adquirieron conciencia de sus actos han generado relaciones de diverso orden con la tierra. En principio, la tierra fue un bien libre, disponible para todas las criaturas vivientes. Con el tiempo, la tierra adquirió un valor utilitario, para la producción, y el hombre se hizo su conquistador insaciable. No obstante, para los campesinos y pueblos indígenas la tierra ha tenido y aún tiene un valor afectivo y sagrado. Incluso, para algunos, es La Madre o "Pacha Mama". En esta lógica, su cuidado se constituye en un imperativo ético-afectivo, en tanto es uno más de los sujetos de la comunidad ética. En este orden de ideas, este artículo discute el cuidado de la tierra en agroecosistemas tropicales en zonas de ladera. Para ello, se contrastan y concilian las visiones de los productores rurales y preservacionistas con los conocimientos técnico-científicos de los investigadores de la ciencia del suelo, que entre otras concepciones, perciben, desde la etnopedología, el suelo en su relación con las creencias y la cultura.
GESTÃO POR BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS: DO DEBATE TEÓRICO À GESTÃO MUNICIPAL
Authors: SCHUSSEL ZULMA , NASCIMENTO NETO PAULO
Published: November 2015

ResumoOs debates a cerca da conservação e preservação dos recursos hídricos tem se tornado recorrente nos estudos urbanos, visando a compatibilização do desenvolvimento urbano com a manutenção da qualidade e controle do uso da água. Estes objetivos, transformados em instrumental de gestão municipal, se traduzem nos Planos Municipais de Recursos Hídricos (PMRH), que passaram a ser desenvolvidos no Paraná desde 2008. Impõe-se assim aos gestores públicos uma série de desafios a fim de desenvolver uma sistemática que balize com consistência a atuação pública. Neste artigo procura-se apresentar a experiência do PMRH do Município de Rio Negro (PR), onde foi desenvolvido um instrumental analítico próprio, adequando-se as variáveis de avaliação necessárias à capacidade - via de regra, restrita - de municípios de pequeno porte em coletar e tratar dados ambientais. Tem-se por objetivo fim demonstrar a viabilidade de implementação de uma sistemática de monitoramento municipal tendo a bacia hidrográfica como unidade de planejamento.
GOVERNANÇA, REDES E CAPITAL SOCIAL NO PLENÁRIO DO CONSELHO NACIONAL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS DO BRASIL
Authors: COSTA ADRIANA LUSTOSA DA , MERTENS FRÉDÉRIC
Published: November 2015

ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é analisar a capacidade do Plenário do Conselho Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (CNRH) em constituir-se como arena de governança da água, mobilizando redes e capital social para o alcance dos objetivos da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH). Neste estudo, a rede social constitui elemento central para a mobilização de capital social, pois sua estrutura pode oferecer as condições necessárias para o acesso e o uso dos recursos nela existentes. Utilizamos a Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS) para responder as seguintes questões: 1) quais os recursos disponíveis na rede de conselheiros?; 2) qual a estrutura da rede e a acessibilidade aos recursos disponíveis?; 3) como a rede contribui para o alcance dos objetivos da PNRH? Embora com uma rede social densa e diversificada, fatores importantes na constituição do capital social, o CNRH vem contribuindo pouco para o alcance dos objetivos da PNRH. O estudo sugere que arranjos institucionais flexíveis nos ambientes colegiados, cujas redes de atores se mobilizem em torno de problemas concretos, podem ser mais efetivos para a governança da água no Brasil.
ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA DOS POTENCIAIS EFEITOS DAS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS NOS "VALES DA UVA GOETHE"
Authors: VIEIRA ADRIANA CARVALHO PINTO , GARCIA JUNIOR RUIZ , BRUCH KELLY LISSANDRA
Published: November 2015

ResumoO futuro da agricultura está condicionado as incertezas envolvidas em relação aos efeitos das mudanças climáticas. Deste modo, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é desenvolver uma análise exploratória a respeito dos potenciais impactos decorrentes da mudança na dinâmica climática na vitivinicultura na região delimitada pela Indicação de Procedência dos Vales da Uva Goethe. A análise foi desenvolvida com base em consulta direta aos produtores e dados climáticos e da produção da região. Os resultados indicam que apenas parcela dos produtores relaciona as variações na quantidade e na qualidade das uvas aos efeitos das mudanças climáticas. Todavia, constatou-se uma efetiva alteração no clima. As temperaturas médias mínimas mensais aumentaram de 5,75° C para 8,30° C entre 1924 a 2012, o que pode elevar a probabilidade de ocorrência de doenças e pragas associadas às altas temperaturas médias.
The Peer and Non-peer: the potential of risk management for HIV prevention in contexts of prostitution
Authors: Leite Gabriela Silva , Murray Laura , Lenz Flavio
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTSex workers have been the protagonists and focus of HIV prevention campaigns and research since the late 1980s in Brazil. Through a review of national and international literature, combined with a history of sex workers' involvement in the construction of the Brazilian response, this article explores the overlaps and disconnects between research and practice in contexts of prostitution over the past three decades. We review the scientific literature on the epidemiology of HIV among sex workers and prevention methodologies. We conclude that although research focus and designs often reinforce the idea that sex workers' vulnerability is due to their sexual relationships with clients, their greatest vulnerability has been found to be with their nonpaying intimate partners. Few studies explore their work contexts and structural factors that influence safe sex practices with both types of partners. The negative effects of criminalization, stigma, and exclusively biomedical and peer education-based approaches are well documented in the scientific literature and experiences of sex worker activists, as is the importance of prevention programs that combine empowerment and human rightsbased approach to reduce HIV infection rates. We conclude that there is a need for actions, policies, and research that encompass the environment and context of sex workers' lives and reincorporate the human rights and citizenship frame that dominated the Brazilian response until the end of the 2000s. As part of HIV prevention efforts, female sex workers need to be considered above all as women, equal to all others.
What is the benefit of the biomedical and behavioral interventions in preventing HIV transmission?
Authors: Kuchenbecker Ricardo
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Scientific evidence supports the sinergy between biomedical and behavioral interventions aimed at preventing the transmission of HIV as a strategy to eradicate AIDS.Objective:To characterize comparatively the benefits from biomedical and behavioral interventions to prevent HIV transmission.Methods:Narrative review. We performed a comparative analysis of the benefits of studied interventions by means of estimating the number needed to treat (NNT). Evaluated interventions: counseling activities for behavior change to prevent exposure to HIV; antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral post-exposure prophylasis (PEP) for HIV and treatment of serodiscordant couples as a strategy for prevention of HIV transmission (TasP).Results:counseling interventions and TasP have smaller NNTs, equal to, respectively, 11 (95%CI 9 - 18) at 12 months and 34 (95%CI 23 - 54) in 42 months comparatively to PrEP interventions, that resulted in 41 (95%CI 28 - 67) individuals receiving antiretrovirals in order to prevent one case of HIV infection at 36 months for men and serodiscordant couples. PEP interventions are associated with protective effects estimated at 81%. Lack of trials evaluating PEP prevents estimate of NNT.Conclusion:The estimate of the NNT can be a helpful parameter in the comparison between the effectiveness of different behavioral and biomedical HIV prevention strategies. Studies evaluating the benefit and safety of combined behavioral and biomedical interventions are needed, especially considering the attributable fraction of each component. Integration of behavioral and biomedical interventions is required to achieve complete suppression of the virus, and thus reducing viral replication, infectivity and the number of cases.
The effect of prevention methods on reducing sexual risk for HIV and their potential impact on a large-scale: a literature review
Authors: Grangeiro Alexandre , Ferraz Dulce , Calazans Gabriela , Zucchi Eliana Miura , Díaz-Bermúdez Ximena Pamela
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTA spectrum of diverse prevention methods that offer high protection against HIV has posed the following challenge: how can national AIDS policies with high coverage for prevention and treatment make the best use of new methods so as to reverse the current high, and even rising, incidence rates among specific social groups? We conducted a narrative review of the literature to examine the prevention methods and the structural interventions that can have a higher impact on incidence rates in the context of socially and geographically concentrated epidemics. Evidence on the protective effect of the methods against sexual exposure to HIV, as well as their limits and potential, is discussed. The availability and effectiveness of prevention methods have been hindered by structural and psychosocial barriers such as obstacles to adherence, inconsistent use over time, or only when individuals perceive themselves at higher risk. The most affected individuals and social groups have presented limited or absence of use of methods as this is moderated by values, prevention needs, and life circumstances. As a result, a substantial impact on the epidemic cannot be achieved by one method alone. Programs based on the complementarity of methods, the psychosocial aspects affecting their use and the mitigation of structural barriers may have the highest impact on incidence rates, especially if participation and community mobilization are part of their planning and implementation.
Revisiting the use of condoms in Brazil
Authors: Dourado Inês , MacCarthy Sarah , Reddy Manasa , Calazans Gabriela , Gruskin Sofia
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction:It is known that a single prevention strategy is not enough to control multiple HIV epidemics around the world and in Brazil. However, it is not only necessary to recognize the importance of condoms as part of the policy of HIV/AIDS prevention but also discuss its limits. In this article, we aim to investigate the use of condoms in Brazil, draw critical reflections, and understand how they can once again be highlighted in Brazil's prevention strategy going forward.Methods:A narrative review of literature was conducted using keywords in PubMed. Reports from national surveys that guide the epidemiological and behavioral surveillance of the Brazilian Ministry of Health were also included.Results:A total of 40 articles and 3 reports were included in the review and 11 intervention studies to promote the condom use; the main findings were as follows: 1) Despite the increase in national studies on sexual behavior, little attention is given to the role of condom use; 2) There are few studies examining the factors associated with condom use among key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), drug users (DU), and transvestites and transexuals (TT), while substantial studies focus on adolescents and women; 3) Evidence suggests that a combination of interventions is more effective.Discussion:new prevention technologies must not lose sight of the critical importance of condoms, and efforts to reintroduce them should focus on the role of pleasure in addition to their potential to minimize the risk of HIV.
Sex, human rights and AIDS: an analysis of new technologies for HIV prevention in the Brazilian context
Authors: Ferraz Dulce , Paiva Vera
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTWorldwide, HIV prevention is challenged to change because clinical trials show the protective effect of technologies such as circumcision, preexposure prophylaxis, and the suppression of viral load through antiretroviral treatment. In the face of demands for their implementation on population levels, the fear of stimulating risk compensation processes and of increasing riskier sexual practices has retarded their integration into prevention programs. In this article, following a narrative review of the literature on risk compensation using the PubMed database, we offer a critical reflection on the theme using a constructionist approach of social psychology integrated to the theoretical framework of vulnerability and human rights. The use of biomedical technologies for prevention does not consistently induce its users to the increase of riskier practices, and variations on the specificity of each method need to be carefully considered. Alternatives to the theories of sociocognitive studies, such as social constructionist approaches developed in the social sciences and humanities fields, indicate more comprehensive interpretations, valuing the notions of agency and rights. The critical analysis suggests priority actions to be taken in the implementation process: development of comprehensive programs, monitoring and fostering dialog on sexuality, and technical information. We highlight the need to implement a human rights-based approach and to prioritize dialog, stressing how complementary these technologies can be to meet different population needs. We conclude by stressing the need to prioritize sociopolitical changes to restore participation, dialog about sexuality, and emphasis on human rights such as core elements of the Brazilian AIDS policy.
Prevention of the heterosexual HIV infection among women: Is it possible to think about strategies without considering their reproductive demands?
Authors: Villela Wilza Vieira , Barbosa Regina Maria
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis article aims to discuss the prevention of the heterosexual HIV infection among women, considering and relationship between this practice and their reproductive demands, based on a critical analysis of the recent literature on the issue. It is assumed the relative exhaustion in the discourse about male condom use in all sexual relations, and the need to recognize that for many women in childbearing age, HIV prevention cannot be dissociated of the contraception practices, although the symbolic and technologically distinction between them. Furthermore, not always the contexts in which the sex occurs allows preventive practices. Women are different, and also their risks, vulnerabilities and needs, and this differences must be identified. The adequacy of preventive strategies to their particularities and situations experienced by each requires an effort of incorporation of available scientific knowledge to the actions taken by the health services, as well as conducting research on specific points relating to heterosexual practices.
Different preventions methods lead to different choices? Questions on HIV/AIDS prevention for men who have sex with men and other vulnerable populations
Authors: Terto Jr. Veriano
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTOn the basis of an ethnographic narrative on sexual interactions observed in urban parks in large Brazilian cities, the article discusses the adoption of new strategies and methods for AIDS prevention in vulnerable populations, especially in men who have sex with men (MSM). By following some guiding questions, the text debates when, why, with whom, and in which context the new prevention methods should be adopted. It emphasizes, in agreement to the initial narrative, the importance of taking into account the prevention strategies created by the population itself to manage HIV risk infection. It also addresses how prevention practices and messages are adapted and recreated by individuals and groups in an attempt to suit them to their sexual desires, practices, and choices. In this perspective, the article recommends the inclusion of the experiences and voices of individuals and groups considered vulnerable in the new AIDS prevention methods and programs targeted to them.
Wi-fi na Floresta Negra
Authors: Bueno Vinicius Prates da Fonseca
Published: November 2015

ResumoEsta resenha apresenta o livro Heidegger and the Media, dos autores David J. Gunkel e Paul A. Taylor, publicado em inglês pela editora Polity Press. O objetivo é oferecer aos leitores uma visão crítica sobre os principais pontos tratados na obra. O livro, dividido em quatro capítulos, além de introdução e conclusão, busca num primeiro momento abordar a importância do pensamento heideggeriano para o campo midiático; passa em seguida aos problemas conceituais da "verdade" e do "objeto" nos termos propostos pelo filósofo alemão; termina considerando a influência que a obra de Heidegger teve sobre os mais devotados pensadores da mídia, a exemplo de Mcluhan.