bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pojava politike >>novoga kursa<< u Dalmaciji g. 1903.
Authors: Ganza-Aras Tereza
Published: September 2018

Elementi politike »novoga kursa« u Hrvatskoj nalaze se u djelo- vanju Napredne omladine.1 Njena politika nastaje kao reakcija na. dotadašnju državnopravnu politiku hrvatske opozicije.2 Omladina, odnosno studentska grupa koja 1896. studira u Pragu i tamo usvaja ideje političkog realizma Tome Masaryka, zahtijeva i u Hrvatskoj provođenje realne politike. Traži prekid s beskorisnom državnopravnom politikom, ukazujući da je to .mrtva doktrina koja, propagira-jući čekanje kao najveću političku mudrost u tom historijskom momentu, koči svaku akciju. Dosljedni realističnom shvaćanju politike, ističu da nagodba pruža zakonitu formu unutar koje se može na legalan način voditi nacionalna i ekonomska politika i postići paritet s Mađarima. Traže borbu za striktno provođenje nagodbe, i misle da će se ta moći s vremenom mijenjati u korist Hrvatske. Zalažu se za slogu sa Srbima, i to u praksi provode putem svojih sastanaka i skupova. Odlučno stoje protiv svakog klerikalizma.
Proslave Oktobarske revolucije u Dalmaciji od 1941. do 1944.
Authors: Foretić Dinko
Published: September 2018

Oktobarska revolucija — veliko djelo ruskog proletarijata na- dahnutog Lenjinovim genijem u borbi za ravnopravnost bespravnih, imala je živog odjeka i u radnim masama jugoslavenskih naroda. Vjeronost i odanost tekovinama i idealima oktobarske socijalističke revolucije i težnja da i ovdje kod nas, u našoj zemlji, stvorimo socijalističko društvo, potakle su narode naše zemlje da pod vodstvom Komunističke partije Jugoslavije dignu ustanak i da kroz oslobodilački rat razviju takav vid revolucionarne aktivnosti kojom će se konačno osloboditi i od tuđinske vlasti i od vlastitih ugnjetača.
Kako je nastao naziv Diadora
Authors: Gabričević Branimir
Published: September 2018

Kako je nastao naziv Diadora, odnosno kako je kod Konstantina Porfirogeneta (De admin, imp. 29) došlo do promjene Iadera > Diadora, raspravljao je u svojim lingvističkim studijama P. Skok.
Kranjčevićevi pogledi o prevođenju
Authors: Paljetak Luko
Published: September 2018

U Nadi1 od 15. II 1898. godine Silvije Strahimir Kranjčević je objavio odulji nepotpisani2 osvrt3 * na Lirski intermeco, knjigu prijevoda pjesama H. H e i n e a, koju je godinu dana ranije objavio Aleksa Š a n t i ć.“ Ovaj Kranjčevićev osvrt mnogostruko je značajan. Govoreći o Heineovoj lirici koju je i sam prevodio5 privučen osebujnim stilom ovog »disharmoničnog« i »pustopašnog«6 njemačkog pjesnika, on nam, na jednu stranu, otkriva svoj odnos prema romantici i romantizmu. Suprotstavljajući »izgnječenu raznježenost i kaćiperstvo, plačljivost i paosjećaj« romantike »iskrenom jeziku srca«,6a Kranjčević ukazuje na neke bitne i opće-važeće odrednice vlastite poezije.
Poezija Theodora Roethkea
Authors: Valčić Sonja
Published: September 2018

Theodore Roethke, njegov »Ja« i njegova poezija čine jednu nerazdvojnu cjelinu. Kad se čitaju njegove pjesme čovjek neminovno hoće da sazna nešto i o tom čovjeku-pjesniku, nemoguće je sagledati bit njegove pjesničke koncepcije bez poznavanja njega samoga.
Rječničke, posebno terminološke osobine »Kraglskoga Dalmatina«
Authors: Vince Zlatko
Published: September 2018

Za francuske vladavine u Dalmaciji izlazile su u Zadru prve novine pisane našim jezikom u Hrvatskoj. Nisu to bile prve hrvatske novine. To je bio talijansko-hrvatski tjednik, tj. talijanske novine s hrvatskim prijevodom, što, dakako, nije isto.1 Osim toga hrvatski prijevod ne obuhvaća čitav materijal talijanskog izvornika, nego tek ono što se smatralo kao najpotrebnije da se objavi širim slojevima za informaciju, kao što su: proglasi, naredbe, članci o političkim, po- sebno vojnim događajima, o poljoprivredi, hvalospjevi Napoleonu i sl. Kvantitativna nejednakost još je potencirana na štetu hrvatskoga teksta god. 1809, kada građansku upravu preuzima vojni guverner general Maureillan, te se hrvatski tekst još više skraćuje, a gotovo je sasvim reduciran god. 1810.
Stanislav Przybyszewski i hrvatska moderna
Authors: Košutić-Brozović Nevenka
Published: September 2018

Nijedno razdoblje hrvatske književnosti ne pruža tako zanimljiv i raznovrstan materijal za komparativistička istraživanja kao hrvatska moderna. Barčeva definicija »Zaokret prema Evropi«1 sadrži u sebi sve osnovne ideje hrvatskih modernista — težnju da se ažurno prate glav- ne pojave u evropskom kulturnom životu, da se uspostave izravni do- diri, da se nadoknadi zaostajanje u našem književnom razvoju, da se uklone dotadašnja geografska i idejna ograničenja, da se ubuduće kre- ne ukorak s ostalim književnostima. Iako je moderna, za razliku od prethodnih razdoblja, prvenstveno orijentirana prema zapadnoevrop- skim literaturama, s kojima dolazi u dodir bilo direktno (austrijska, njemačka, nešto manje talijanska), ili pretežno indirektno (u prvom redu francuska i skandinavske književnosti), ipak se ne bi moglo reći da slabe njezine veze sa slavenskim literaturama, već prije da se slika tih veza mijenja. Ruska književnost, kojoj je utjecaj bio dominantan u doba realizma, prevodi se, čita, ocjenjuje i proučava i dalje, ali te- žište ostaje na realistima i nastavljačima njihove tradicije, dok u prvi plan interesa naših modernista stupaju književnosti onih slavenskih zemalja u kojima je kulturna, književna i opća društvena problematika bila donekle slična hrvatskoj, a to su Češka i Poljska.
Velike pjesničke struje francuskoga XIX. stoljeća
Authors: Kastropil Stjepan
Published: September 2018

XIX stoljeće u Francuskoj nije u pogledu poetskih zakona i pjesničkog ukusa statično, kao što su bila dva stoljeća koja su mu prethodila, kad je suvereno vladala samo jedna pjesnička škola — klasicizam, kojega je estetske kanone još 1674. Boileau kodificirao u svojoj Umjetnosti pjesništva i kao jaram nametnuo savremenicima i potomstvu. XIX stoljeće je, naprotiv, jedan krajnje dinamičan vijek s mnoštvom raznih pjesničkih škola i pravaca, koji se — osobito u njegovoj drugoj polovici — brzo pojavljuju na književnoj pozornici, a katkad još brže s nje nestaju u međusobnoj borbi za davanje svoga pečata i nametanje svoga ukusa i svoje sensibilnosti savremenicima.
Termin »romantic« u engleskoj književnosti
Authors: Janković Mira
Published: September 2018

Opće je poznata činjenica da je terminologija u nauci o knji- ževnosti otvoreno .pitanje s kojim treba računati pri svakom poku- šaju da se nađu zajednički jezik i rješenja u mnogim važnim teoretskim postavkama. Svrha je ovom napisu da na konkretnom primjeru ilustrira genezu i funkciju jednoga od spornih termina i da pokuša u određe- noj književnoj situaciji, odrediti karakteristike njegova razvoja i značenje u pojedinim razvojnim fazama. Smatramo da će se tek na osnovi analize termina u pojedinim jezicima i književnostima moći komparativno odrediti termin kao zajednički nazivnik za neke opće književne pojave.
O ulozi konteksta u nekim slučajevima glagolske rekcije
Authors: Anić Vladimir
Published: September 2018

Kad sam nedavno ponovno pročitao poznate Njegoševe stighove "Đe se gusle u kuću ne čuju, tu je mrtva i kuća i ljudi«, sjetio sam se koliko su oni (i drugi) izazivali pažnje, upravo udarali u oči svojom neuobičajenom glagolskom rekcijom. Već je davno upozoreno na to da Njegoš upotrebljava akuzativ uz glagole mirovanja (mj. instru- mentala, odnosno lokativa),2 a i inače takva rekcija nije rijetkost. Dijalektolozi će nam reći za koje je sve govore tipična ta pojava, a sam mogu dodati da sam je mnogo slušao kao svojstvo šibenskoga ikavsko-štokavskog govora (ne ulazeći ovdje, naravno, ni u kakva daljnja razmatranja o toj pojavi u govorima i dijalektima).
Jedno gledanje na francusko nestalno »e« u suvremenom francuskom jeziku
Authors: Sladoljev Krešimir
Published: September 2018

U gotovo svim paradigmama samoglasnika francusko »e« (3) figurira u nizu prednjih zaokruženih samoglasnika: ce, a, &, y; u posebnom se poglavlju govori o svim mogućnostima i zabranama njegova izgovora. Artikulaciono, po-mjestu i načinu izgovora, smješta se dosta neodređeno između 0 (zaokruženo zatvoreno e) i ce (zaokruženo otvoreno e), ali i tu postoje neslaganja. To se »e« (o) često, s obzirom na mjesto i način izgovora, izjednačava sa 0 (zaokruženo zatvoreno e), osobito kada se nalazi iza takozvanih nerazdvojnih grupa suglasnika, kao: er-, fr-, gr- itd.
O prvim, dosada nepoznatim hrvatskim književnim tekstovima na otoku Korčuli
Authors: Kastropil Stjepan
Published: September 2018

Govoreći, u svojem pregledu povijesti otoka Korčule,1 o kulturno- historijskoj prošlosti svoga rodnoga kraja, Nikola Ostoić  spominje kao prve spomenike umjetne književnosti an anrodnom jeziku an otoku Korčuli neke nabožne pjesničke sastave svoga pretka Ivana Ostoića, koji je živio sredinom XVI. stoljeća.
Talijanski dijalektalni teatar između renesanse i romantizma
Authors: Rabac - Čondrić Glorija
Published: September 2018

Prisutnost dijalektalnih komediografa Angela Beolca zvanog Ruzante, Andrea Calma i Gigija Artemi ja Giancarlija u renesansnom teatru djelovalo je izazovno na mnoge umišljene umjetnike koji su u dijalektalnoj ili pluridijalektalnoj upotrebi vidjeli izlaz za svoj deficitarni talent.1 Jezični i dijalektalni promiskuitet — usmjeren na mehaničko izazivanje smijeha — sam je po sebi ukazivao na dezintegracioni proces renesansnog izražajnog jedinstva i otvarao put commedi ji dell’arte, gdje se pretvorio u neku vrstu pokretačke snage ili je postao surogat komične komponente. Dok je »lingvistički ideal u društvu s aristokratskim i rafiniranim manirama i težnjama, kakvo je bilo društvo intelektualaca u cinquecentu, koje je živjelo u dvorskom ambijentu ili je bilo orijentirano na nj ili pak pod njegovim utjecajem, bio ideal isto tako rafiniran i aristokratski jezik, što je odgovaralo njegovu estetičkom i hedonističkom idealu... — dok se odvijala borba protiv preostalih pobornika latinske riječi — što ne dopušta da se govori — — .. . o bilingvizmu u smislu valjane afirmacije latinskoga pored talijanskog jezika u usmenoj i pisanoj upotrebi«, dotle »ostaje onaj drugi bilingvizam koji se može razabrati u dualizmu vulgarni (tj. talijanski) — dijalekt«;2 dotle je, konkretnije rečeno, grupa književnika, koja se formirala usred društvenih promjena, osjetila potrebu za probijanjem kore konvencionalne književnosti i maniriz- ma, za razbijanjem mehanički montiranoga leksičkog, sintaktičkog i stilističkog aparata pribjegavajući svakodnevnom govoru, mobilnom i vitalnom, koji je građanska klasa stvorila za sebe i koji je dobivao silan impuls od raznih narječja.
Njemački uzori Zmajevi
Authors: Milović Jevto
Published: September 2018

Zmaj je u toku čitavoga svoga života njegovao svoj materinji jezik. Najpažljivije je čitao sve tadanje rječnike srpskohrvatskoga jezika. Daničićev i Budmanijev Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika temeljito je proučio. Jovan Maksimović nam priča o tome sljedeće:1 »Sve Čitao vrlo pažljivo i mnogo beležio. Naročito Dani- čićev deo — njega je .svega do mrve pročitao. Sva prazna polja u knjizi ispisao. Primećuje, polemiše, odriče, dodaje tekstu novo gra- divo, nova tumačenja reči, koja iznose često po 4—5 redova. Ni- jednu knjigu nije Zmaj pročitao sa ovakom pažnjom«.
O genezi američke novele
Authors: Janković Mira
Published: September 2018

Novela — ili na engleskome »short story« — u američkoj književnosti zauzima od ranih početaka pa do danas vrlo istaknuto mjesto. Sa stvaranjem tipično američke verzije novele udaraju se temelji američkoj književnosti, koja će, po jezičnom izrazu i tradiciji usko vezana uz englesku književnost, naći upravo u noveli adekvatan izraz u novoj sredini i vrlo različitim uvjetima konkretne književne situacije. Na jednom ću primjeru pokušati prikazati kako se u danoj situaciji oblikovala američka novela. U procesu stvaranja uočljive su neke oznake relevantne ne samo za američku verziju novele već i za opći književni pojam, te fleksibilne i definicijom teško uhvatljive forme.
Granica umske negacije
Authors: Festini Heda
Published: September 2018

Ukoliko je zadatak filozofije opravdanje oslobodilačkog zna- čaja uma, a da se ne poveća rizik njegove samonegacije, prijeko je potrebno određenje granice uma u svim njegovim aspektima. Tema toga zadatka jesu dvije pretpostavke. Prvu tvori radikalna emancipacija od romantičkog razumijevanja slobode kao utemelji- telja uma i ergona neuvjetovanosti. Ona će biti radikalna ako se redefiniraju tradicionalna i novovjeka određenja egzistencijalkate- gorija (egzistencija-proizvodnja, projekt-pralksa, neuvjetovanost- -mogućnost). Drugu pretpostavku sačinjava funkcionalno eksplici- ran je uma kojim se on afirmira u svojem dvostrukom, oslobodilač- kom, ali i -đisciplinirajućem smislu. Suprotni, suptancijalni tretman uma ne može problem »negativnog« inkorporirati na adekvatan način, pa je neminovna posljedica ekstrapoliranje problema granice uma, koja eo ipso iracionalizma um sam.
Tipologija jezičnoga kalka
Authors: Muljačić Žarko
Published: September 2018

Iako se obično drži da je Wilhelm von Humboldt učenjem o »innere Sprachform« (u djelu o jeziku kawi s otoka Jave, objavljenom posthumno 1836. god.) započeo znanstvenu diskusiju o kalku, prvi lingvist koji je 'izričito tretirao probleme u vezi s kalkom bio je R. Heinzel. Nije nam namjera da pišemo historijat skoro stoljetnih na- pora evropskih i američkih lingvista na tom području, jer je to odlično uradio, za period od 1375. do 1948., njemački germanist Werner Betz u uvodu jedne svoje studije gdje je, na osnovu usporedne analize jedne starovisokonjemačke »Regule sv. Benedikta« i njena latinskoga predloška, uspio da dade dotada najbolju tipologiju kalka.
Uvod u književno stvaralaštvo Vladana Desnice
Authors: Ivanišin Nikola
Published: September 2018

Djelujući u našoj književnosti petnaestak godina Vladan Desnica je napisao i objavio: nekoliko knjiga novela, dva romana, knjižicu lirike, dramu, filmski scenario, niz prikaza, prijevoda, teorijskih napisa, predavanja.1 Čini se dakle da je to pisac koji se ogledao u svim važnijim književnim radovima i po tradicijama svake, pa i naše književnosti — bez obzira na redoslijed publiciranja — otpočeo svoj rad mladenačkom lirikom, dosegao vrhunac zrelom prozom, dramskim eksperimentom, a završio ga već pomalo prezrelim razmišljanjima o smislu, besmislu života, umjetnosti. O takvu Desničinu djelu postoji u našim relacijama veoma opsežna, kvalitetom različna literatura, u kojoj je sadržan dio historijata, metoda, rezultata, zabluda, uspjeha naše suvremene književne kritike, pa bi ta literatura mogla prećtetavljati okvir u kojem bi se u glavnim crtama moglo razmatrati njegovo književno djelo.
Stilske modifikacije u procesu prevođenja
Authors: Janković Mira
Published: September 2018

U kompleksnom procesu prevođenja ima slučajeva neopravdanih i često vrlo neskladnih stilskih modifikacija kojima se prijevod — uz nužna odstupanja uvjetovana različitim jezičnim izrazom — nepotrebno još više udaljuje od originala. U krajnjoj liniji takav postupak dovodi do adaptacije prijevoda stilskoj formaciji koja je u opreci sa stilom originala. Za ilustraciju neka posluži jedan prilično ekstremni primjer, u kome je prevodilac original sa stilskim karakteristikama ranoga romantizma »vratio« u stilsku formaciju "baroka. Radi se o jednom ranom prijevodu Macphersonovih1 Ossianovih pjesama na njemački. Prevodilac je manje poznati bečki pjesnik Michael Denis, a prijevod je objavljen u dva dijela, god. 1768. i 1769.
Prvi zameci dijalektalnoga teatra u Italiji
Authors: Rabac-Čondrić Glorija
Published: September 2018

Povijest talijanske književnosti bila bi osiromašena kada bi seiz njezine umjetničke baštine isključila ostvarenja pisana dijalektom,a talijanski teatar bio bi lišen nekih kapitalnih djela koja su pronijelanjegov glas u svijet.Zbog uvriježenih tradicionalnih mišljenja, još je uvijek potrebnodokazivati da je dijalekt već u renesansno doba predstavljao, izmeđuostalog, neku vrstu stilističkog izibora i da se osobito u Veneciji,uz neliterarno dijalektalno stvaralaštvo, uspješno razvila cijelajedna književnost na mletačkom narječju s umjetničkim preten zijama.Pošto je stvorila uvjete za procvat individualnih vizija umjetnostii dala poticaja stvaralačkom radu, Renesansa je pokrenula iprve ozbiljne rasprave o jeziku i o poetici. Bio je to znak da seinventivni duh ogledao na širokom kreativnom planu, uključivšidramaturški. Ovaj je rad usmjeren na identificiranje i analizu teatralnihdjela, estetski vrijednih, u kojima su autori odmjerili svojevlastite sposobnosti izazivanja smijeha s pomoću heterogenih izražajnihsredstava, među kojima prednjače lokalna narječja, a kojasu raskrila obzorja talijanskom teatru i ukazala na njegove perspektive.
Prenatal metformin treatment improves ovarian function in offspring of obese rats
Authors: Álvarez Daniela , Ceballo Karina , Olguín Sofía , Martinez-Pinto Jonathan , Maliqueo Manuel , Fernandois Daniela , Sotomayor-Zárate Ramón , Cruz Gonzalo
Published: September 2018

Maternal obesity causes a wide range of impairment in offspring, such as metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions. We previously demonstrated that female offspring of obese rats have increased serum estradiol levels during early postnatal life, probably because of decreased hepatic cytochrome P450 3A2 levels, which could lead to early onset of puberty and polycystic ovary condition in adulthood. Using metformin during pregnancy and nursing to improve the metabolic status of obese mothers could prevent the sequence of events that lead to an increase in postnatal serum estradiol levels in female offspring and, hence, reproductive dysfunction. We found that metformin prevented an increase in serum estradiol levels at postnatal day 14 in female offspring of obese mothers, which was associated with a restoration of hepatic cytochrome P450 3A2 levels to control values. Treatment using metformin could not prevent advanced puberty, but we observed that the number of antral follicles, follicular cysts and multi-oocyte follicles returned to control values in the female offspring of obese mothers treated with metformin. We also observed an increase in the levels of norepinephrine and the norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in the ovaries, indicating increased sympathetic activity in female offspring induced by an obesogenic uterine environment. We found that this effect was prevented by metformin administration. From the results of this study, we concluded that metformin administration to obese mothers during pregnancy and nursing partially prevents ovarian dysfunction in female offspring during adulthood.
Adolescent Use of Different E-cigarette Products
Authors: McMillen Robert , Tanski Susanne , Wilson Karen , Klein Jonathan D. , Winickoff Jonathan P.
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:

Little is known about the characteristics of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) used by adolescents. Understanding the product landscape of adolescent e-cigarette use may inform counseling and policy strategies.

METHODS:

Results are from 13 651 adolescents in wave 1 and 12 172 adolescents in wave 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study. Past 30-day regular e-cigarettes users were asked about the characteristics of the e-cigarette they used most of the time.

RESULTS:

In waves 1 and 2, 2.1% and 2.8% of adolescents were regular users in the past 30 days, respectively. These adolescents more often used rechargeable rather than disposable devices (wave 1: 76.0%; wave 2: 82.9%) and refillable rather than nonrefillable devices (wave 1: 66.6%; wave 2: 84.4%) and tended not to use cartridge systems (wave 1: 33.7%; wave 2: 30.5%). Most adolescent past 30-day users (wave 1: 87.5%; wave 2: 89.4%) reported using flavored e-cigarettes. An increased frequency of use was associated with the use of rechargeable (wave 1 adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.7; wave 2 aOR: 2.7) and refillable e-cigarettes (wave 1 aOR: 2.0; wave 2 aOR: 2.7; P < .05). Most users in wave 1 did not continue regular use in wave 2 (70.2%). Among those who continued to use and had reported using closed systems (nonrechargeable and/or nonrefillable) in wave 1, most had progressed to open systems (rechargeable and refillable) in wave 2.

CONCLUSIONS:

Most adolescents use open-system e-cigarettes, and frequent users are even more likely to use open-system e-cigarettes. The majority of regular users use rechargeable devices that are refillable. A change in product preferences across waves suggests a starter product phenomenon, with a graduation to products that have weaker quality controls and may increase health risks.
Evaluación de leguminosas como abono verde en cultivos forrajeros para ganaderías en el Caribe seco colombiano
Authors: Castro-Rincón Edwin , Mojica-Rodríguez José Edwin , Carulla-Fornaguera Juan Evangelista , Lascano-Aguilar Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2018

The dual-purpose livestock systems in the tropics milk production is reduced during the dry season due to the decrease in the quantity and quality of forage on offer. The impact can be reduced by using forage crops as supplements generated with the use of green fertilizers. The objective of this research was to determinate the nitrogen contribution of legumes in corn forage production. During the years 2013 to 2014, in the Colombian Dry Caribbean three experiments were established with seven levels of nitrogen (N) (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) and the incorporation of Canavalia brasiliensis (CIAT 17009), Vigna unguiculata (CIAT 4294), Clitoria ternatea (CIAT 21815), Canavalia ensiformis (CIAT 21826) and Lablab purpureus (CIAT 22656) in a random block design. C. ensiformis showed the highest contribution of N (151 kg/ha) and V. unguiculata the lowest (35 kg/ha). The application of 200 kg of N and the incorporation of C. ensiformis and C. brasiliensis did not show a difference in the yield of maize biomass. N use efficiency by corn crop was 31 - 84%, reduced with increased in the dose of N. Levels of NO3 in the soil ranged from 20 to 41 mg/kg at the time of harvest, suggesting that a high proportion of N coming from the legume was not assimilated by the crop. The C:N ratio was 11.63 in legumes and 23.94 in weeds. Organic soil C increased by 22% due to legume green manure, with the highest content (0.70%) in L. purpureus. The legumes C. ensiformis, C. brasiliensis and L. purpureus showed high potential to provide N, C, and to conserve soil moisture.
Adaptación basada en Ecosistemas en pequeñas fincas de granos básicos en Guatemala y Honduras
Authors: Chain-Guadarrama Adina , Martínez-Rodríguez M. R. , Cárdenas José Mario , Vílchez-Mendoza Sergio , Harvey C. A.
Published: September 2018

In Central America maize and beans are usually cultivated by farmers who have small landholdings and live in vulnerable situations. Climate change is an important threat to these smallholder basic grain farmers, putting at risk their production systems and their livelihoods. The use of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) can help them to adapt to climate change, however there is limited information on the use of EbA. The objective of the present work was to characterize the EbA strategies that smallholder basic grain farmers of four landscapes in Guatemala and Honduras use to increase their resilience to climate change. Using interviews and field measurements in 160 farms, between July 2014 and June 2015, we 1) explored how common the use of different EbA practices is, 2) documented the biophysical characteristics of these practices, and 3) explored if the implementation and characteristics of EbA practices differed among landscapes. Our results indicate that even though they own small land areas (mean maize plot area of ~0.68 ha), have low education levels and low access to technical training and advice, many smallholder basic grain farmers are using EbA practices in their farms. The most common EbA practices were the use of dispersed trees, home gardens and live fences. An ANOVA anlysis indicated significant differences in the use of different EbA practices among farmers, which suggests that farmers adapt practices in response to the social and biophysical conditions where they live. Our study suggests that smallholder basic grain farmers have the experience and the knowledge to use EbA practices and recognize the benefits derived from the implementation of such practices. However, in order to increase use of EbA practices, more technical, financial and political support is needed.
Hans Jonas i Alan Watts: teodycea a mit spekulatywny
Authors: Mazur Łukasz
Published: September 2018

Artykuł stanowi krótką pracę porównawczą, przedmiotem której są dwa różne spekulatywne mity. Pierwszy z nich, to mit  angielskiego teologa Allana Wattsa; drugi -   żydowskiego filozofa Hansa Jonasa. Oba mity dotyczą zagadnienia teodycei. Artykuł stara się przedstawić główne tezy obu wspomnianych mitów. Ukazuje ponadto szczególną rolę mitu, w kontekście zagadnienia teodycei.
Results from a Monocentric Long-Term Analysis of 23 Patients with Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors
Authors: Gouy Sebastien , Arfi Alexandra , Maulard Amandine , Pautier Patricia , Bentivegna Enrica , Leary Alexandra , Chargari Cyrus , Genestie Catherine , Morice Philippe
Published: September 2018

Background

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) represent less than 0.5% of ovarian tumors. Because of the rarity of this tumor and its peak in frequency at around 25 years of age, this study aimed to describe SLCT management strategies.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the management (i.e., conservative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy) of ovarian SLCTs.

Results

This retrospective analysis included 23 patients treated for ovarian SLCTs. A centralized pathologic review of the tumors was conducted. Patients were referred to or treated in our institution for an ovarian SLCT between 1994 and 2015. The median age at diagnosis was 33 years (range, 4–82 years). According to the 2014 Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification, tumors were classified as stage Ia (n = 15: well differentiated, n = 1; of intermediate differentiation, n = 8; undifferentiated, n = 4; and undefined, n = 2), stage Ib (n = 1), stage Ic1 (n = 5), stage IIb (n = 1), and stage IIIc (n = 1). Surgery was conservative in 13 patients (Ia, n = 7; Ib, n = 1; Ic1, n = 5) and radical in 10 patients (Ia, n = 8; IIb, n = 1; IIIc, n = 1). Seven patients received adjuvant chemotherapy with a cisplatin-based regimen (Ia, n = 2; Ic1, n = 3; IIb, n = 1) or docetaxel + gemcitabine (IIIc, n = 1). Median follow-up was 61 months (range, 15–252 months). Eight patients experienced a relapse (Ia, n = 2; Ib, n = 1; Ic1, n = 3; IIb, n = 1; IIIc, n = 1). Of these, six had at least one peritoneal carcinomatosis, and four died (Ic1, n = 2; IIb, n = 1; and Ia, n = 1). Two patients had a local relapse (one uterus and one ovary) and survived without disease after relapse treatment. The median time between the initial treatment and relapse was 28 months (range 9–70).

Conclusion

Conservative surgery was safe for patients with stage Ia ovarian SLCTs. The place of conservative surgery for stage Ic1 remains to be defined. The best chemotherapy regimen remains to be defined.
Bazı ceviz çeşitlerinin antraknoz hastalığına [Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Ces. & De Not.] duyarlılığının belirlenmesi
Authors: Karahan Ahmed , Bostancı Cengiz , Yıldırım Fatih
Published: September 2018

Cevizde verimi ve kaliteyi düşüren en önemli hastalıklardan
biri olan Ceviz antraknozu (Gnomonia
leptostyla), ülkemiz ve dünyada ceviz üretim alanlarında yayılmış
durumdadır. Ülkemizde yaygınlığın yüksek olmasının sebebi; etmenin hızlı
yayılma özelliği, ülkemizdeki ceviz çeşitlerinin hassaslığı ve iklim
özelliklerinin elverişliliğidir. Bu çalışma Konya’nın Beyşehir ilçesinde 2015
ve 2016 yıllarında yapılmıştır. Çalışmada takip edilen bahçe 2008 yılında
farklı ceviz çeşitleri (Chandler, Fernor, Kaman 1, Kaman 5, Yalova, Yavuz,
Şebin, Bilecik) ile kurulmuştur. Denemede hastalık belirtilerinin meyveler ve
yapraklar üzerindeki sayı ve yoğunluğu takip edilmiş ve haftalık gözlemlerle
değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda en hassas çeşitler, yapraklardaki
yoğunluğa göre Kaman 1 ve Yavuz, meyve üzerindeki yoğunluğa göre Kaman 1 ve
Şebin olarak belirlenmiştir. En dayanıklı çeşidin hem yaprak hem de meyvede
Chandler olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The syndemogenesis of depression
Authors: Lerman Shir
Published: September 2018

Syndemics, or the deleterious interaction of diseases and structural factors, is an essential and increasingly utilized theory with which to address health inequities and how they interact with disease. However, less research has been conducted on syndemogenesis, a process by which a specific disease or structural factor is more likely to exacerbate syndemic interactions. With the increasing incidence and prevalence of depressive symptomology in Westernized nations, and with depression coexisting syndemically with other illnesses, I use depression as a case study to highlight syndemogenic processes in action. Doing so will hopefully aid preventive efforts in these areas.
Does CAR-T Immunotherapy Indicate that Cancer Will Be Conquered? v2
Authors: Smith Bella
Published: September 2018

CAR T is a T cell modified by genetic recombination technology. CAR in CAR-T is a recombinant receptor, and its structure mainly includes three parts: extracellular antigen binding domain, transmembrane domain and intracellular signal domain.
Factors associated with retention in faith-based drug treatment centers in the Mexican-American border
Authors: Bojorquez Ietza ,   Departamento de Estudios de Población, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, México., Rodríguez Daniel , Odgers Olga , Jaimes Ramiro ,   El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, México.,   Departamento de Estudios Sociales, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, México.,   Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, México.
Published: September 2018

Introduction. Faith-based centers are major providers of residential treatment for substance use problems in Mexico, but relatively few studies have been conducted in this context. Objective. To explore factors associated with treatment retention in two faith-based (with different religious orientation) residential treatment facilities for male drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. Method. We conducted an exploratory follow-up study of 328 clients admitted during 2014-2015 to either an Evangelical Pentecostal center or a faith-based center without a specific religious affiliation. The main outcome was retention, defined as remaining in treatment for at least three months. Results. Among participants, the retention rate was 38.7%. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that age (OR 1.04; 95% CI [1.01, 1.06]; p = .002) and having used heroin or opioids in the past 30 days (OR .50; 95% CI [.25, 1.00]; p = .049) were associated with retention. Having a personal religious affiliation was associated with retention in the Evangelical Pentecostal center, but not in the center without a specific religious affiliation. Discussion and conclusion. The retention rate was low, but within the previously reported range. The interaction of personal religious affiliation and the religious orientation of the center suggests that a match between a person’s religious convictions and those of the center could be important for retention. More research is needed to clarify the utility of faith-based centers for religious and non-religious drug users.
Validation of the Clock Drawing Test Scoring Method in older adults with neurocognitive disorder
Authors: Aguilar-Navarro Sara G ,   Servicio de Geriatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México., Mimenza-Alvarado Alberto J , Samudio-Cruz María A , Hernández-Contreras Francisco J , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Lidia A , Ramírez-González Fátima , Avila-Funes José A ,   Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México.,   Le Centre de Recherche Inserm-Université de Bordeaux U1219, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
Published: September 2018

Introduction. The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a widely used instrument for identifying neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) in older adults. However, there is insufficient evidence to determine the best scoring method, since current quantitative methods involve the assignment of numerical values, while qualitative ones do not allow for objectivity in the diagnosis. Parsey and Schmitter-Edgecombe (2011) proposed a scoring scheme which, in addition to providing a score of the patient’s performance, permits error analysis, thereby making it possible to identify potential underlying cognitive difficulties. Objective. The purpose of this study was to validate the CDT scoring scheme proposed by Parsey and Schmitter-Edgecombe (2011) for screening for NCDs in Mexican older adults. Method. There were 167 participants: 58 cognitively healthy subjects (CH), 52 with mild neurocognitive disorder (mild-NCD), and 57 with major neurocognitive disorder (major-NCD).The CDT scoring method was compared with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Spanish (MoCA-S). Inter- and intra-observer reliability and construct validity were determined and the sensitivity and specificity of this method were calculated. Results. The  age was 75 years (SD ± 8 years) and the  educational attainment was 10.7 years (SD ± 5.2 years). Internal reliability was .750, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .774. The cut-off point for the CDT in mild-NCD was 14 points (sensitivity: 40%, specificity: 70%) and 12 points for major-NCD (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 95%).The most frequent errors in the CDT were: graphic, conceptual, spatial, and/or planning difficulties. Discussion and conclusion. This method makes it possibly to quickly and easily explore the cognitive status of the patient. It contains ideal psychometric properties for the detection of patients with major-NCD, in addition to offering the possibility of analyzing performance errors and underlying cognitive difficulties.
Pluralismo jurídico, juridicidade e teoria jurídica intercultural no atual panorama da antropologia jurídica
Authors: Augimeri de Goes Lima Thadeu
Published: September 2018

O artigo busca realizar um esforço sintético no sentido de aproximar e correlacionar o tema do pluralismo jurídico, o conceito de juridicidade, tal como tratado notadamente por Étienne Le Roy, e a proposta de constituição de uma teoria jurídica intercultural, esboçada por Christoph Eberhard, três tópicos de destacado interesse no atual panorama das abordagens antropológicas do fenômeno jurídico. Traça um breve retrospecto do surgimento e da evolução da antropologia jurídica, passa em seguida ao estudo do pluralismo jurídico e da ideia de juridicidade e ruma à análise do horizonte da aspirada teoria jurídica intercultural, em seus aspectos epistemológicos e metodológicos, encerrando com as conclusões obtidas no exame da matéria. Utiliza preferencialmente os métodos histórico-evolutivo, histórico-comparativo, comparativo e dialético.
Ne bis in idem: Direito fundamental constitucional aplicável na relação entre as esferas penal e administrativa geral no direito brasileiro
Authors: Arêdes Sirlene Nunes
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar que, diferentemente da práxis, o ne bis in idem constitui direito fundamental constitucionalmente garantido e deve ser aplicado na instância administrativa e na relação entre as vias penal e administrativa geral (decorrente do exercício do poder de polícia). Para tanto, utiliza-se como referencial a teoria da unidade do poder punitivo que, concebendo a repressão estatal em sentido, propõe que os princípios constitucionais limitadores do poder punitivo são aplicáveis em todas suas manifestações. Analisa-se o conteúdo e fundamentos do ne bis in idem, bem como sua aplicação na Espanha e conclui-se que se trata de direito fundamental inserido na ordem jurídica brasileira pelo art. 5º, Â§2º, da CRFB/88, devido a sua essencialidade na garantia de outros direitos fundamentais e à ratificação de tratados internacionais sobre direitos humanos pelo Estado Brasileiro. Dessa forma, sua aplicação na relação entre as instâncias não demanda outras normas além daqueles já existentes, pois decorre de sua natureza de direito fundamental e da supralegalidade dos tratados sobre direitos humanos, que leva a prevalência do ne bis in idem sobre disposições legais contrárias à sua aplicabilidade.
Empresas de navegación a vapor en el rio Magdalena durante el siglo XIX
Authors: González Vizcaíno Rafael
Published: September 2018

Companies of steam navigation on the Magdalena River in the nineteenth century led to begin a period of success and failures in the economic development of river. Located firms were highlighted in Barranquilla and Santa Marta with commercial and international banking connections, that participated in the founding and consolidation of steam navigation. The commercial capital of powers established a system where the majority of investors and a large part of human capital from abroad, hence, external relations, economic and cultural confidence, which guaranteed access to human capital and financial were a key factor in obtaining success in this sector. There was diversity of organizational structures, because a lot of companies trying to exploit the only water route connecting the Andean Colombia to the Caribbean, however, from the second half of the nineteenth century, the small company was increasingly common, imposing large corporations, affiliated companies import and export port. The overall strategy of the shipping companies was in absolute control of the river, ie, elimination of economic rivalry. Positive effect of steam navigation were the piers where they were warehouses for the storage of goods. Steam navigation experiment durability visible progress in the second half of the nineteenth century, thanks to the extension of navigable sections, regular traffic and cheaper transport
Enseñanza en las clínicas legales
Authors: Ramírez Llerena Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

During the second semester of 2007, I presented to classes at TECNAR and Universidad Libre regarding the experience in the United States with clinical legal education. In addition to personal experience, my remarks were founded primarily upon an article by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. And Steven P. Solow, Environmental Litigation as Clinical Education: A Case Study, 1993 J. Envtl. L & Lit. 319.
KONUT FİYATLARINA ETKİ EDEN FAKTÖRLERİN HEDONİK MODELLE BELİRLENMESİ: TRA1 ALT BÖLGESİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: ÇALMAŞUR Gürkan , EMRE AYSİN Meryem
Published: September 2018

Konut,
farklı birçok özelliği olan heterojen bir maldır. Konuta ait bu özellikler
konutun fiyatını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, TRA1 Bölgesi’nde satılık
konutlara ait özelliklerin konut fiyatları üzerindeki olası etkilerini detaylı
olarak analiz etmektir. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek üzere web sitelerinde yer alan
satılık konut ilanları yatay kesit veri olarak kullanılmış, hedonik fiyat
modeli ile çeşitli analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde, fonksiyon biçimi
olarak doğrusal model, yarı logaritmik model ve tam logaritmik model
kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, TRA1 Bölgesi’nde konut fiyatlarının en önemli
belirleyicileri konutun genişliği (m2), oda sayısı ve konutun şehir
merkezinde olması olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca konutun bulunduğu il,
otopark, doğu cephe, bulunduğu kat ve banyo sayısı gibi değişkenlerin de konut
fiyatlarını pozitif yönde etkilediği gözlemlenmiştir. Bina yaşının ise konut
fiyatlarını negatif yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
Effect of exercise on shoulder function and morbidity following mastectomy with axillary dissection in patients with breast cancer: a prospective randomized clinical study
Authors: Das Sri Aurobindo Prasad , Sureshkumar Sathasivam , C. Vijayakumar , Kate Vikram , K. Srinivasan
Published: September 2018

Background: There are no guidelines for the exercises performed in physical rehabilitation after breast cancer surgery and, specifically, for how to minimize these postoperative complications. Hence this study was conducted to study the effect of exercise intervention on upper extremity range of motion, strength, lymphedema, pain and activities of daily living (ADL).Methods: A total of 75 patients were included in the study in accordance to inclusion criteria. They were randomized into exercise group (n=38) and no exercise group (n=37). Patients in the exercise group were given a set of 19 active or active assisted range of motion exercises and strengthening exercises with frequent follow up. The other group were did not receive any strict exercise, they were given a few free hand exercise when they had some shoulder complaints based on treating physician discretion. Apart from demographic data other parameters studied were pain, numbness, active shoulder range of motion, muscle strength, lymphedema and ADL. These were evaluated before surgery, 24 hours after drain removal and 3 weeks /6 weeks/ 3 months of post-surgery.Results: Demographic parameters were comparable between the groups. Pain score, shoulder ROM were better in the exercise group compared to no exercise group and this difference was found to be significant (p <0.001). More patients in no exercise group experienced numbness. There was no statistically significant difference in the grip strength between the two groups. The incidence of lymphedema was higher in no exercise group compared to exercise group and this was extremely significant. (p < 0.001). Patients in no exercise group had higher disability scores for ADL which was significant compared to exercise group.Conclusions: Exercise interventions resulted in significantly reduced pain, improved shoulder ROM and lowered ADL impairment. Exercise intervention significantly reduced the incidence of lymphedema, but there was no effect on strength.
The Association of Hispanic Ethnicity with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Sarkar Monika , Terrault Norah , DUWAERTS Caroline C , Tien Phyllis , Cedars Marcelle , Huddleston Heather
Published: September 2018

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 10-15% of reproductive age women and is a recognized risk factor for hepatic steatosis, a form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The more severe form of NAFLD, known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), results in liver inflammation, and is now a leading cause of cirrhosis. Ethnic differences are apparent in NAFLD, with higher prevalence in Hispanics, although the role of Hispanic ethnicity on risk for NAFLD/NASH in women with PCOS is not known. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate ethnic differences in the prevalence and risk of NAFLD in women with PCOS. Study Design: Among PCOS women followed in a large academic medical center the association of Hispanic ethnicity with elevated biomarkers of NASH, including plasma cytokeratin 18 (CK18) M30 fragments and/or ALT levels (n=303), was assessed. Prevalence of hepatic steatosis by Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) imaging was evaluated in a subset of PCOS women (n=35). Results: The median cohort age (n=303) was 28 years (IQR 8), and 15.5% (n=47) were Hispanic, the majority of whom reported white race (94%). Most Hispanic women had hepatic steatosis on imaging, which was markedly higher than in non-Hispanics (83% vs 24%, p=0.005). Approximately 17% of PCOS women had elevated ALT or elevated CK18, which was more common in Hispanics than non-Hispanics, at 34% vs 14%, respectively, p=0.002. On univariate analysis, Hispanic ethnicity was associated with two-fold higher odds of NASH (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.9, p=0.038), and the association persisted after adjustment for HOMA-IR and waist circumference (AOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-8.9, p=0.034). Conclusion: NAFLD/NASH is an important condition to be considered by PCOS providers and Hispanic women with PCOS are a particularly high-risk group that may warrant routine screening.
Characterization of beta-tubulin DNA sequences within Candida parapsilosis complex
Authors: Kharazi Mahboobeh , Ahmadi Bahram , Makimur Koichi , Farhang Armin , Kianipour Sahar , Motamedi Marjan , Mirhendi Hossein
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose: Candida parapsilosis is a common cause of candidemia in children and patients with onco-hematological diseases, septic arthritis, peritonitis, vaginitis, and nail and skin infections. Regarding this, the present study was condcuted to evaluate intra- and inter-species variation within beta-tubulin DNA sequence of C. parapsilosis complex in order to establish the utilization of this gene in the identification and phylogenetic analysis of the species. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 isolates representing three different species of C. parapsilosis complex were used in this study, all of which were identifed by ITS-sequencing. For the successful amplification of beta-tubulin gene, a newly designed set of pan-Candida primers was used, followed by bilaterally sequenc analysis for pairwise comparisons, determination of multiple alignments, evaluation of sequence identity levels, counting sequence difference, and construction of phylogenetic tree.
Results: The multiple alignment of 623-629 bp-long nucleotide (nt) sequences reflecting the beta-tubulin gene indicated an inter-species divergence ranging within 0-68 nt in C. parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. metapsilosis with a mean similarity of 84.7% among the species. Meanwhile, the intra-species differences of 0-20 and 0-6 nt were found between the strains of C. parapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis, respectively.
The phylogenetic tree topology was characterized by a clade made up by C. parapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis, while C. metapsilosis formed a related but separate lineage.
Conclusion: Our data provided the basis for further discoveries of the relationship between the species belonging to C. parapsilosis complex. Furthermore, the findigns of the prsent study revealed the efficiency of beta-tubulin DNA sequence data in the identification and taxonomy of C. parapsilosis and other pathogenic yeasts.
Erratum for Nagesh et al., Phytochemical analysis and docking study of compounds present in a polyherbal preparation used in the treatment of dermatophytosis
Authors: Nagesh Simhadri VSDNA , Muniappan Muthuchamy , Kannan Iyanar , Viswanathan Subramanyam
Published: September 2018

Volume 3, no. 4, 6-14, 2017, DOI: 10.29252/cmm.3.4.6. This erratum adds the primary affiliation of   Simhadri VSDNA Nagesh, a Research scholar. The affiliation line should appear as shown above.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Bağlanma Stillerinin İlişkilerle İlgili Bilişsel Çarpıtmaları Yordama Gücünün İncelenmesi
Authors: Çam Zekeriya , Şahin Çelik Gülçilem
Published: September 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin bağlanma stillerinin ilişkileri ile ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmalarını yordama düzeyinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla Aksaray Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nin farklı programlarında lisans eğitimi alan ve yaşları 18-28 arasındaki 223 katılımcıdan (139 kadın %62.33, 84 erkek %37.67) araştırma verileri toplanmıştır. Bağlanma stillerinin ilişkilerle ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmaları yordama gücü hesaplanmadan önce bu değişkenler arasındaki Pearson korelasyon katsayısı incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde değişkenler arasında düşük ve orta düzeyde korelasyon katsayıları elde edilmiştir. Bu aşamanın ardından yapılan regresyon analizinde güvensiz bağlanma stillerinin (kayıtsız, korkulu ve saplantılı) ilişkilerle ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmaların yaklaşık %22’sini açıkladığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen bu bulgular ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılarak, gelecekteki araştırmacılar ve uygulamalar için öneriler sıralanmıştır.