bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Crack-Free IN738G Alloy Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Yue , Han Quanquan
Published: August 2024

The IN738 nickel-based superalloy has a high Al, Ti and γ’ (Ni3 [Al, Ti]) content phase that causes notable crack sensitivity when processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). After examining the effects of Ti and Co on the microstructure and mechanical properties of IN738 alloy processed by LPBF, this research revealed that a moderate decrease in Ti content and an increase in Co content resulted in a wide range of processing parameters to obtain crack-free LPBF specimens. The samples were treated by different heat-treatment processes and then investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The newly designed IN738G exhibited an excellent combination of tensile strength (1253.5 MPa) and elongation (16.37%) compared to the IN738 alloy (1115.7 MPa, 6.99%) under room-temperature conditions.
An investigation into the exploratory use of additive manufacturing in stepped spillway model testing in open channel flow
Authors: Benham Robert , Rehman Fayyaz
Published: August 2024

Stepped spillways provide an excellent form of energy dissipation and are used in many locations around the world. Effective designs are crucial in improving protection to downstream erosion and providing economic benefits to the stilling basin design. Additive manufacturing (AM) provides a wide range of possibilities of testing complex and varied geometries in fluid flow research at relatively low cost. This research builds upon previous studies in utilising AM in open channel flow applications. This paper presents a comparative analysis between two types of stepped spillway using preceding weir designs in terms of fluid velocity profile, flow rate, water height upstream and downstream; associated fluid flow parameters and experimental observations. For validation and further analysis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling is conducted to show close comparisons to the experimental results. Conditions are varied to compare the differences between models being sealed and unsealed, allowing for significant side flow. AM technology allows for cost-effective small models to be created, that can significantly improve the design process for larger scale testing and enhances the field of study for experimental fluid flow research.
An integrated convolutional neural network-based surrogate model for crashworthiness performance prediction of hot-stamped vehicle panel components
Authors: Li Haoran , Zhou Haosu , Li Nan
Published: August 2024

During the structural design of vehicle components, Finite Element (FE) modelling has been extensively used for simulations of physical experiments. A typical design optimisation task requires iterative simulations to identify the optimum design, where FE simulations can be too time-consuming. Surrogate models have been developed to approximate complex simulations, which can reduce computational time and improve the efficiency of the design cycle. This paper presents a novel application of convolutional neural network (CNN) on rapid predictions of crashworthiness performance of vehicle panel components considering manufacturability. The dataset for training the model was generated based on the FE results of hot-stamped ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) B-pillar components. The formed components were analysed with a simplified lateral crash test to evaluate the deformation under impact. The trained model can instantly predict the deformation of the designed component with high accuracy compared to the FE results. Due to its high computational efficiency and precision, the surrogate model enables faster and more extensive design evaluations.
Synergistic enhancement of strength and toughness of β-Ti alloy with a fine grain: Effect of deformation temperature
Authors: Li Yili , Fang Hongze , Sun Shichen , Yu Jichang , Chen Ruirun
Published: August 2024

It is difficult for as-cast titanium alloys to achieve high strength and toughness due to the presence of coarse β grains. In this study, multi-directional forging (MDF) was employed to break down the coarse β grains into fine grains and the mechanism of strengthening and toughening was also revealed. Results indicated that nearly all peaks corresponded to the β phase, with the α phase peaks being almost imperceptible. As the MDF temperature increased, the grain size initially decreased and then increased. All the dislocation is concentrated near the grain boundaries. The refinement of the grains can be attributed to the combined effects of mechanical crushing refinement and dynamic recrystallization. The tensile strength and fracture toughness is 1130 MPa and 82 MPa·m1/2. Grain refinement and dislocation proliferation caused by MDF are the main contributors to the improvement of strength and toughness in the alloys. This discovery lays a solid foundation for further research on new ultra-high strength and toughness titanium alloys, while also providing a new design concept for other high-performance alloys.
Research on the deformation characteristics of small module tooth during current-assisted splitting spinning of small module tooth-shaped part
Authors: Zhou Haoyang , Xia Qinxiang , Quan Chengxiu , Xiao Gangfeng
Published: August 2024

Aiming at the problems such as low material utilization, poor strength and toughness of workpiece during manufacturing of small module tooth-shaped parts (SMTSPs) by traditional gear hobbing and shaping method, a current-assisted splitting spinning forming (CASSF) method was proposed to form SMTSPs with high performance requirements. A coupled electrical-thermal-mechanical finite element (FE) model was established based on the ABAQUS software, and the distribution of equivalent stress and equivalent strain, and deformation characteristics of small module tooth were investigated. The results show that the equivalent stress and equivalent strain decrease from tooth groove arc to the tooth crest arc and centre of the tooth groove at tooth profile surface. The distribution of equivalent stress and equivalent strain in the internal deformation region follows the same trend as the tooth profile surface from the centre of the tooth groove to the tooth groove arc, but increases from the tooth groove arc to the tooth crest. The material of small module tooth experiences three-directional stress state. The material in the gear tooth undergoes radial and axial elongation, and tangential compression, while in the tooth groove it undergoes radial compression, tangential and axial elongation.
Improvement in plasticity of Al-Cu-Mg alloy by electromagnetic coupling treatment
Authors: Zeng Bo , Chen Dongyan , Sun Hongfei , Deng Juan , Wang Jie , Huang Kunlan
Published: August 2024

Electromagnetic coupling treatment (EMCT) is a new method to regulate material properties. To investigate the effect of EMCT on the plasticity of the Al-Cu-Mg alloy, a software simulation calculation was carried out, and then the alloy was treated with an electromagnetic field, and its mechanical properties were tested at room temperature. The simulation results reveal that the sample generates a plastic strain of 6.88*103 ppm, potentially enhancing its tensile properties. The experimental findings indicate that EMCT did not have a substantial impact on the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy. However, it did result in a 16.9% increase in the sample’s plasticity and a 5.6% drop in the elastic modulus
Field-assisted sintering of low-temperature thermoelectric material BiTeSe - sintering process and part characterisation
Authors: Chen Bo , Tian Yankang , Chang Wenlong , Zhao Jie , Yang Song , Zhou Xingguo , Qin Yi
Published: August 2024

Field-Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST), an advanced consolidation technique, was employed to synthesise low-temperature thermoelectric n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 for energy harvesting applications. A systematic investigation of sintering parameters, including pressure, temperature, holding time, and heating rates, was conducted to optimise the material’s properties. Post-sintering characterisation encompassed measurements of relative density, thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient. Factor analysis revealed the hierarchical influence of sintering variables, with temperature emerging as the most critical parameter, followed by pressure and holding time. The study successfully identified optimal FAST sintering conditions for Bi2Te2.7Se0.3, resulting in enhanced thermoelectric properties. This research demonstrates the efficacy of FAST in producing high-quality, low-temperature thermoelectric materials and provides valuable insights into the relationship between processing parameters and material performance.
Advancing Sustainable Manufacturing through Digital Twin-based Simulation: Assessing and Optimising Processes for Social, Environmental and Economic Impacts
Authors: Gbededo Mijoh , Liyanage Kapila
Published: August 2024

Achieving sustainability in manufacturing is not without its challenges. Various studies have identified the need to balance environmental, economic and social considerations as a key obstacle. Meanwhile, there are increasing methods that promote only environmentally friendly products. This study explores the potential of digital twin-based simulation in advancing sustainable manufacturing by assessing and optimising processes for social, environmental, and economic impacts. The study proposes a framework for integrating concepts and theories related to sustainable manufacturing and digital twin-based simulation to support sustainability decision-making. The framework is validated through a case study in a manufacturing facility. The findings of this study demonstrate that digital twin-based simulation can effectively assess and optimise manufacturing processes for their social, environmental, and economic impact. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the potential of digital twin-based simulation in advancing sustainable manufacturing. The study also emphasises the importance of considering the three sustainability dimensions in manufacturing decision-making processes. Overall, this research offers valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers aiming to promote sustainable manufacturing practices.
A System Boundary Assessment of Emerging Materials: Manufacturing process of Microbial Bricks
Authors: Turhan-Haskara Gozde Damla , Haskara Alptug
Published: August 2024

The construction industry is under pressure to address climate change and resource scarcity, leading to a growing interest in emerging biobased materials. This research focuses on microbial bricks through a life cycle assessment (LCA) based on ISO 14042 standards and CML2001 impact categories, examining various environmental criteria across a defined system boundary: Manufacturing. The findings highlight the positive potential of biobased materials in contributing to a greener supply chain management for the construction industry, even more than clay that we know as an earth (green) material. The biggest differences lay in the use of fossil fuels, electricity, transportation, and the assembly process. By addressing challenges and leveraging opportunities, these materials can lead to a more resilient and ecologically conscious sector, in alignment with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) defined by the United Nations (UN). The aim of this study is to stimulate additional dialogue and cooperation among academic and industrial participants to promote sustainable advancements in construction materials and manufacturing methods, transcending mere superficial green initiatives.
Eco-efficient manufacturing: Transforming end-of-life wind turbine blade components into floats for PV-floating systems
Authors: Johst Philipp , Seibert Dimitrij , Zschiebsch Willi , Kucher Michael , Carneiro Carlos , Araújo Andreia , Santos Raquel Miriam , Rodriguez-Ortiz Leandro A. , Alexandra Tapia Estefania , Böhm Robert
Published: August 2024

This study explores the innovative reuse of end-of-life (EoL) wind turbine blade (WTBs) parts as floats for photovoltaic (PV)-floating systems. In response to the growing concerns about EoL WTB waste, this study applies circular economy principles to repurpose high-value composite materials. By transforming a segment of an Enercon E40 WTB into a float for a PV-floating system, this study not only provides a sustainable solution to EoL composites, but also contributes to the development of renewable energy. The article describes the design of the PV-floating system and the lessons learned from its construction. It also provides an outlook on how such a system can be further scaled up.
Safer and efficient assemblies: Harnessing real time worker movements with digital twins
Authors: Kasarapu Satya Saravan Kumar , Vasantha Gokula , Marzano Adelaide , Corney Jonathan , Hanson Jack , Quigley John , El-Raoui Hanane , Thompson Nathan , Sherlock Andrew
Published: August 2024

This paper addresses a critical gap in digital twin simulation within manufacturing environments by focusing on the dynamic representation of worker movements during assembly processes. We introduce an innovative approach that utilises Ultra-Wideband (UWB) sensors to incorporate worker trajectory data into Siemens Process Simulate software, enabling the creation of a digital twin of assembly line operations. Our methodology involves comprehensive data collection using UWB sensors, followed by pre-processing steps such as data cleaning, interpolation, and classification of points into dwell and transit locations. Within the framework of Process Simulate, we develop the assembly process digital twin, integrating simulations of tricycle assembly alongside dynamic worker path and movement simulations. Our digital twin facilitates ergonomic analysis, process optimisation, and worker interaction analysis, offering insights for enhancing factory efficiency and safety. Notably, through visualisation of worker paths and identification of bottlenecks, our digital twin enables optimisation of resource allocation. Quantitative results demonstrate significant improvements, such as a reduction in the time of completion of six products by 11% compared to Discrete Event Simulation under similar process conditions. This study highlights the transformative potential of digital twin technology in manufacturing, providing a robust framework for simulating and optimising worker movements within real-world factory environments.
Development and characterization of acoustic energy harvesters for low power wireless sensor network
Authors: Gul Waheed , Zeeshan Muhammad , Khan Ahmad Raza , Khurram Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSNs) have developed significantly over the years and have a significant potential in diverse applications in the fields of science and technology. The inadequate energy accompanying with WSNs is a key constraint of WSN skills. To overwhelm this main restraint, the development and expansion of effective and reliable energy harvesting systems for WSN atmospheres are being discovered. In this research, low power acoustic affordable and clean energy harvesters are designed and developed by applying different techniques of energy transduction from the sound available in the surroundings. Three acoustic energy harvesters were developed based on piezoelectric phenomenon, electromagnetic transduction & Hybrid respectively. The CAD modelling, lumped modelling and Finite Element Analysis of the harvesters were carried out. The voltages were obtained using FEA for each Acoustic Harvester. Characterization of all the three harvesters were carried out and the power generated by piezoelectric harvester, electromagnetic harvester and Hybrid Acoustic Energy harvester are 2.25x10-9W, 0.0533W and 0.0232W respectively.
Error Analysis of the plate beamsplitter in near optical coaxial phase measurement deflectometry
Authors: Li Yanling , Gao Feng , Xu Yongjia , Zhang Zonghua , Jiang Xiangqian
Published: August 2024

Phase-measuring deflectometry (PMD) is a key measurement technology for specular surfaces form measurement. Compared with the phase measuring deflectometry techniques based on the conventional configuration, the near optical coaxial phase measuring deflectometry (NCPMD) can achieve compact configuration, light weight and insignificant measurement error caused by structure shadows by utilizing a plate beamsplitter. However, the introduction of the plate beamsplitter will make some influence of the measurement accuracy of the NCPMD system. In the one hand, the introduction of the plate beamsplitter can reduce the measurement accuracy of the NCPMD system due to the refractive of the ray between the two surfaces of the beamsplitter. In the other hand, due to the processing and manufacturing problems of the beamsplitter, there are inevitably certain unevenness errors on the upper and lower surfaces. In this paper, a virtual simulation system of NCPMD is established, and an error model of the NCPMD system by considering both the refraction influence and reflection influence of the plate beamsplitter is presented to analyse the shape reconstruction error caused by the plate beamsplitter.
Integrating Machine Learning with Machine Parameters to Predict Plastic Part Quality in Injection Moulding
Authors: Al-Ahmad Manaf , Yang Song , Qin Yi
Published: August 2024

The plastic injection moulding process is a critical manufacturing technique renowned for its high productivity, cost-effectiveness, and ability to produce intricate plastic components for various industries including medical and aerospace. The quality of the manufactured parts is influenced by several parameters, such as machine settings and mould characteristics, particularly thermal aspects. This paper specifically investigates the influence of primary machine parameters on part quality, excluding considerations of time, mould features, and cooling channel geometries. By focusing on the machine parameters and employing advanced machine learning methods, a comprehensive understanding is developed on how these factors can be utilised to predict the quality of the parts produced. The findings provide valuable insights into optimising the injection moulding process to enhance product quality and consistency.
Microstructure refinement and fracture toughness enhancement of Nb-Si based alloy by CoAl2O4 refiner coupled with ultrasound treatment
Authors: Wang Shu , Xu Weipeng , Chen Xiong , Chen Dezhi , Wang Qi , Chen Ruirun
Published: August 2024

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Design and fabrication of prototypes with modified materials for race & automotive applications
Authors: Semitekolos Dionisis , Araujo Andreia , Santos Raquel M. , Pernechele C. , Panozzo F. , Vescovi L. , Charitidis Costas
Published: August 2024

The use of CFs in automotive industry due to the need for lightweight, durable components has led to significant improvements in vehicle efficiency and safety. Despite initial predominance in luxury sports vehicles, the automotive CF market is rapidly expanding. Ongoing research focuses on enhancing Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs), addressing issues like poor through-thickness properties and interfacial properties crucial for load transfer. This work strategy involves incorporating block copolymers (BCPs) into thermoset matrices and modifying fiber surfaces to improve mechanical integrity and durability. A novel compression molding manufacturing method, aim to streamline production processes, making CFRP energy absorbers feasible for broader automotive applications. Mechanical testing reveals promising results, with modified materials showing enhancements in interlaminar shear strength and energy absorption performance.
The polymer melt swelling behavior in micro-extrusion process for preparation of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PP prepreg filament
Authors: Liu Kui
Published: August 2024

The micro-extrusion process for polymer melt has been increasingly used for the production of high value-added prepreg filaments with applications in the fields of fused deposition modeling (FDM). In this study, the effect of characteristic scale, defined as the gap of die land in an annular micro-extrusion die, on the extrudate swelling behaviour of viscoelastic melt is analyzed through numerical simulations and micro-extrusion experiments. The results show that the swelling behaviour displays an obvious dependence on the characteristic scale. An increase in the characteristic scale reduces the swell ratio and retards the process to reach the equilibrium state. In contrast, a decrease in the characteristic scale results in a larger magnitude of change in velocity field and faster relaxation development of stress field. The location of the maximum velocity layer for the laminar flow gradually deviates from the geometric center of channel toward the wall of mandrel with the increase in the characteristic scale. It is imperative to consider the complicated swelling behavior and remarkable viscoelastic effect simultaneously in micro-extrusion process.
An overview of cobots for advanced manufacturing: Human-robot interactions and research trends
Authors: Khedr Mohamed , Yang and Erfu
Published: August 2024

Advanced manufacturing is currently undergoing a significant transition towards human-robot collaboration. This shift has attracted considerable attention from researchers seeking to harness the synergistic potential of human and robotic capabilities across a range of applications and tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the classification of robots, considering key aspects like architecture, mobility, function, size, autonomy, and human contact. The study goes deeper into collaborative robots by emphasizing the levels of interaction between robots and humans. To provide a comprehensive overview, a meticulous analysis of scientific publications spanning a two-decade period is conducted, with a focus on data collected over the past decade. Furthermore, the analysis extrapolates main trends and developments to offer insights for the next decade, thereby facilitating a comparative assessment of publication rates about both collaborative and industrial robots during this timeframe.
Investigation on the effect of reduction process on internal quality of high carbon steel billet and its evolution in as-rolled wire rod
Authors: Gao Yubo , Bao Yanping , Wang Min , Zhang Haibo , Wang Ying
Published: August 2024

The effect of reduction process, especially the reduction zone on the internal quality of continuous casting high carbon steel billets was studied by shifting active reduction rolls while at same casting condition, as well as identical reduction amount and gradient. In the present study, the heredity of the main internal defects emerged in billets with different reduction zones was also investigated after subsequent rolling process in terms of severity, regional distribution, and microstructure formation as well. For the investigated high carbon steel grade, the evolution of the internal quality in relation to the macrosegregation, internal crack and porosity illustrates the effectiveness and importance of applying mechanical reduction for the homogeneity improvement from the cast billet to the as-rolled wire rod product. Meanwhile, it is also suggested by the investigation the necessity of fine control for the implement of mechanical reduction process, or it may not have sufficient positive impact on homogeneity and compactness of billet and as-rolled product, but some other undesirable defects may even be induced by mechanical reduction.
Ein gut funktionierendes OP-Management – Mehrwert für alle im Krankenhaus
Authors: Wienströer Ralf
Published: August 2024

OP-Management hat die Kompetenz, (knappe) Ressourcen effizient zu steuern. Damit trägt es entscheidend dazu bei, die qualitative Patientenversorgung zu sichern, den Arbeitsplatz für Mitarbeiter im OP zu verbessern sowie im Hochkostenbereich die Erlössituation zu optimieren. Voraussetzung ist, dass OP-Manager eine prominente Rolle in der Organisation bekommen. Sie müssen auf alle leistungsrelevanten Ressourcen zugreifen, Weisungen geben und Entscheidungen in einem definierten Verantwortungsbereich treffen.
Update Propofol
Authors: Schalk Richard , Kitz Valery
Published: August 2024

Propofol ist eines der wichtigsten Hypnotika in der modernen Medizin. Es bietet viele Vorteile – sofern hygienische Aspekte berücksichtigt und Nebenwirkungen abgemildert werden.
Avoiding digital addiction
Authors: Posner Michael I. , Rothbart Mary K. , Ghassemzadeh Habibollah
Published: August 2024

In diesem Beitrag werden die zahlreichen Beiträge von Manfred Spitzer gewürdigt, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf seinem Ansatz zur Sucht bei digitalen Geräten liegt. Wir zeigen, dass die Abhängigkeit von einigen Substanzen das Netzwerk der exekutiven Aufmerksamkeit betrifft. Studien am Menschen zeigen, dass Meditationstraining die Konnektivität in diesem Netzwerk verbessern, und diese Veränderung im Gehirn den Substanzmissbrauch verringern kann. Bei Mäusen verbessert niederfrequente Hirnstimulation die Konnektivität des exekutiven Aufmerksamkeitsnetzwerks und reduziert, wie Meditation, die Angst. Wir argumentieren, dass sowohl Meditationstraining als auch Hirnstimulation die Selbstkontrolle bei Menschen verbessern können, die aufgrund von digitaler Sucht mit anhaltender Aufmerksamkeit zu kämpfen haben. Wir verweisen auch auf einige kognitive und Verhaltenstherapien, die zur Behandlung von Sucht eingesetzt werden. Wir glauben, dass ihre Ergebnisse im Rahmen der Aufmerksamkeitsnetze erklärt werden können. Weitere Forschungsarbeiten sollten dazu dienen, diese Ideen zu testen und sie denjenigen zugänglich zu machen, die aufgrund der übermäßigen Nutzung digitaler Medien Schwierigkeiten haben.
Vermeidung postoperativer Wundinfektionen
Authors: Conrad Pernilla V. , Becker Thomas , Pochhammer Julius , Kramer Axel
Published: August 2024

Postoperative Wundinfektionen (Surgical Site Infections, SSI) können weitreichende Folgen für den Patienten haben: Das Risiko für Patienten mit einer SSI, eine intensivmedizinische Behandlung zu benötigen, ist um 60 % erhöht, das Risiko zu versterben verdoppelt sich. Daher ist die Vermeidung von SSI nicht nur eine ethische Verpflichtung jedes an der Patientenversorgung Beteiligten, sondern gesetzlich vorgeschrieben.
Der DiGA-Finder: ein indikationsspezifisches DiGA-Auswahltool
Authors: Pia Bretschneider Maxi , Schwarz Peter E.H.
Published: August 2024

Aktuell sind 6 digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGAs) im DiGA-Verzeichnis des BfArMs gelistet, welche Patientinnen und Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 unterstützen: HelloBetter Diabetes und Depression (dauerhafte Zulassung 12/2021), Vitadio (dauerhafte Zulassung 04/24), mebix (vorläufige Zulassung 07/23), glucura Diabetestherapie (vorläufige Zulassung 01/24), Una Health für Diabetes (vorläufige Zulassung 02/24) und neu aufgenommen My Dose Coach (vorläufige Zulassung 06/24) [ 1– 6]. Zudem stehen 2 DiGAs für Adipositas zur Verfügung: zanadio (dauerhafte Zulassung 2022) und Oviva Direkt für Adipositas (dauerhafte Zulassung 2023) [ 7, 8]. In diesem Artikel wird der DiGA-Finder, ein Tool zur Unterstützung von Ärztinnen und Ärzten sowie von Patientinnen und Patienten im DiGA-Dschungel, unter die Lupe genommen.
Was Gesundheitseinrichtungen tun können, um die planetare Gesundheit zu fördern
Authors: Mirow Juliane
Published: August 2024

Die Klimakrise schadet sowohl der menschlichen Gesundheit als auch unserem Planeten. Klimatische Veränderungen sind weltweit spürbar. Europa ist der sich am schnellsten erwärmende Kontinent – mit weitreichenden Folgen für die Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Ökosysteme weltweit. Die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels sind vielfältig. Um die steigende Anzahl gesundheitlicher Probleme, die auf den Klimawandel zurückzuführen sind, zu versorgen, müssen sich Arbeitende in den Gesundheitsberufen der Wechselwirkung zwischen Klima und Gesundheit bewusst sein. Auch das Gesundheitswesen selbst trägt erheblich zum Klimawandel bei. Die Emissionen des Gesundheitssektors akkumulieren zu einem erheblichen ökologischen Fußabdruck. Doch Gesundheitseinrichtungen können Maßnahmen ergreifen, die nicht nur gesundheitsfördernd, sondern auch klimafreundlich sind, und die Gesundheit unseres Planeten schützen.
How to Play a Game Properly – Enhancing Obstetrics and Gynecology Education through Gamification: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wittek Agnes , Recker Florian , Neubacher Melissa , Siebers Pauline
Published: August 2024

Effective healthcare relies on well-trained professionals, and the quality of their training is dependent on appropriate learning methods and assessment techniques. Gamification, the use of game mechanics in non-game environments, has emerged as a promising strategy in medical education. This review explores the applicability and effectiveness of gamification in obstetrics and gynecology education.

Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Medline databases from January to March 2023. The search terms included “medical students OR residents OR physicians OR midwives AND games OR educational games OR serious games AND gynecology OR obstetrics”. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies published in English or German from 1990 to March 2023, focusing on gamification in gynecology and obstetrics education. Data extraction and analysis were structured using the PICOS framework.

The review identified various studies demonstrating the effectiveness of gamification in obstetrics and gynecology education. Gaming shows like Jeopardy significantly boosted knowledge retention and engagement. VR technologies, such as Second Life, enhanced emergency and surgical training. Improvisational games improved empathy skills, though requiring reinforcement. Video games and laparoscopy trainers showed promise in enhancing surgical skills, with gamers performing better in initial tasks. Custom-developed games like Play and Learn for Surgeons significantly improved procedural skills.

Gamification in obstetrics and gynecology education boosts learner engagement, knowledge retention, and practical skills. VR technologies and video games are effective for surgical training, while custom games can enhance specific procedural skills. Further research is needed to optimize and integrate gamification strategies into standard curricula, offering a modern approach to equip healthcare professionals with essential skills and knowledge.
The Feasibility of Assessing Perfusion of the Bone Using Quantitative ICG Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Boldewijn Danielle , Michi Marlies , Smit Jan Maerten , Joosten Hanneke , Bruin Daniel de , Elzen Richard van den , Driessen Caroline
Published: August 2024

Background  Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) allows perfusion to be visualized and objective perfusion parameters can be provided after additional measurements. Therefore, it has great potential in predicting adequate tissue perfusion. However, regarding bone tissue, evidence of the feasibility and usefulness of NIRF imaging using ICG is very limited.

Methods A prospective monocentric pilot study was carried out at a tertiary hospital in the Netherlands. Patients undergoing autologous breast reconstruction from August 2021 to August 2022 were included. During surgery, ICG (0.1 mg/kg) was injected intravenously and a fluorescent angiogram of 4 minutes was made directly after injection. Post hoc time-intensity curves were generated for a 5-mm region of interest (ROI) positioned on the cross-sectional lateral surface of the rib. The first moment of increase of intensity was defined as t0. Fluorescent parameters included ingress and egress of ICG.

Results Nine patients and 11 ribs were included for further analysis. Time-intensity curves were generated for endosteal measurement in 10 ribs. Three of the curves showed a steep and well-defined ingress and egress. In all other patients, the curves showed a much more flattened ingress and egress. Periosteal measurement was performed in nine ribs. No adverse events related to the ICG injection were observed intraoperatively.

Conclusion This feasibility study suggests that quantitative NIRF imaging using ICG can provide objective parameters of endosteal rib perfusion. Larger prospective series are needed to investigate the value of NIRF imaging using ICG to assess bone perfusion intraoperatively and to establish cutoff values for adequate bone perfusion.
The Godina Principle in the 21st Century: Free Flap Timing after Isolated Lower Extremity Trauma in a Retrospective National Cohort
Authors: Habarth-Morales Theodore E. , Davis Harrison D. , Rios-Diaz Arturo J. , Broach Robyn B. , Serletti Joseph M. , Azoury Saïd C. , Levin L Scott , Kovach Stephen J. , Rhemtulla Irfan A.
Published: August 2024

Background The timing of free flap reconstruction after lower extremity trauma has been a controversial debate since Marko Godina's original 72-hour recommendation. Recent advances in microsurgery warrant an evaluation of the optimal time to reconstruction.

Methods The Nationwide Readmission Database (2014–2019) was used to identify patients undergoing free flap reconstruction after lower extremity trauma. Risk-adjusted statistical methods were used to identify optimal time where risk of infectious and microsurgical complications increase and to quantify the risk associated with time delays.

Results A total of 1,030 patients undergoing reconstruction were identified. The mean time to flap coverage was 24.3 days. Thirty-three percent were performed within 72 hours, 24% from 72 hours to 10 days, 18% from 10 to 30 days, and 24% after 30 days. Flaps performed after 10 days were associated with increased risk of surgical site infection, osteomyelitis, and other wound complications, compared with those performed within 72 hours. There was no increased risk in the period of 72 hours to 10 days. Revision amputation and microsurgical complications were not increased after 10 days. The predicted optimal cutoff was 9.5 days for microsurgical complications and 14.5 days for infectious complications.

Conclusion Advances in microsurgery may be responsible for extending the time in which definitive soft tissue coverage is required for wounds resulting from lower extremity trauma. Although it appears the original 72-hour time window can be safely extended, efforts should be made to refer patients to specialty limb salvage centers in a timely fashion.
Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing to Facilitate Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer in Extremity, Pelvic, and Spinal Reconstructions
Authors: Simoni Alec D. , Bird Justin E. , Lin Patrick P. , Rhines Laurence D. , Mericli Alexander F.
Published: August 2024

Background Numerous surgical fields have embraced computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), including plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, most of the literature and clinical use pertains to reconstruction of the head and neck. Herein, we provide a case series and systematic review of the literature, documenting the use of CAD/CAM in facilitating complex microvascular free tissue transfer for reconstructions involving the extremities, pelvis, and spine (EPS).

Methods This study consisted of two components: a case series and a systematic review of the literature. For the case series, the senior author's cases that included CAD/CAM to assist microvascular free tissue transfer reconstructions of the EPS were included. For the systematic review, all PubMed-, Scopus-, and Google Scholar–indexed studies describing the use of CAD/CAM to facilitate free tissue transfer in the EPS were identified and included using PRSMA guidelines.

Results The case series identified 10 patients who received CAD/CAM-assisted microvascular reconstruction. Our systematic review identified 15 articles, representing 124 patients and 133 CAD/CAM-assisted free tissue transfers. Most authors believed that CAD/CAM facilitated a more efficient operation by shifting much of the intraoperative planning to the preoperative phase, ultimately translating to a shorter and more accurate surgery with improved function and cosmesis.

Conclusion CAD/CAM can be used to facilitate microvascular reconstruction of the EPS. Our cases series and systematic review suggest that CAD/CAM for EPS surgery may improve outcomes.
Discordant High Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Relative to Anti-Xa Values in Hospitalized Patients is an Independent Risk Factor for Increased 30-day Mortality
Authors: Jin Jing , Gummidipundi Santosh , Hsu Joe , Sharifi Husham , Boothroyd Derek , Krishnan Anandi , Zehnder James L.
Published: August 2024

Background The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and anti-factor-Xa levels (anti-Xa) are both used to monitor patients on unfractionated heparin. Our previous study demonstrated that patients with discordant high aPTT relative to anti-Xa had higher rates of mortality and bleeding events.

Objective To determine if underlying patient characteristics drive both discordance and adverse outcomes or if discordance is an independent risk factor to adverse outcomes.

Methods We analyzed all patients hospitalized at the Stanford Hospital between January 2011 and December 2019 who had simultaneous aPTT and anti-Xa levels performed. From the electronic medical record, we extracted and analyzed 51 patient features including baseline coagulation laboratory results, demographics, values of other common laboratories (basic metabolic panel, complete blood count, etc.), diagnostic procedures, medications, and death.

Results A total of 17,728 patients had 78,701 paired aPTT and anti-Xa levels. Patients with discordant aPTT and anti-Xa where aPTT (seconds) was elevated beyond the expected therapeutic range had a higher 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78–2.63, p < 0.001). Sectioning the patients based on the degree of discordance and whether aPTT or anti-Xa were signaling excess anticoagulation, we found those with an elevated aPTT discordant to their anti-Xa level had the highest odds of death (OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.99–3.10) compared with the concordant group. This finding was still present after controlling for patient comorbidity and other laboratory results at hospital admission.

Conclusion After controlling for patient features strongly associated with increased mortality in heparinized patients, we identified that the discordant pattern of high aPTT to anti-Xa served as an independent predictor of 30-day all-cause mortality, with a higher degree of discordance associated with increased odds of 30-day mortality.
Binge-Watching Behavior and the Strategies Adopted to Overcome This among the Undergraduate Students
Authors: Dsouza Sonia B. , Aranha Sonal , Chandekar Sushmita , M. Teena G. V. , George Teena , Joseph Jubee
Published: August 2024

Introduction Binge-watching is a popular activity among people of all ages. It involves watching a television series or movies for a longer duration. The activity pleasures the viewers as it stimulates the “reward center” or “pleasure pathway” of the brain, which releases certain chemicals. However, excessive binge-watching can lead to internet addiction disorders, which is a growing concern among young people.

Objectives To address this concern, a study was conducted to identify binge-watching behavior and ways to overcome it among undergraduates in professional colleges.

Methodology The study involved 227 participants who were selected through a proportionate stratified simple random sampling technique. A descriptive survey design was adopted to collect data, and the participants were assessed using the “assessing binge-watching behavior—Binge-Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire” and a self-structured rating scale.

Results The results indicated that the majority of participants (78.9%) were engaged in binge-watching behavior. The highest percentage of binge-watching behavior was noted in the desire category (60.0%), and the lowest percentage was in positive emotions (44.0%). The mean percentages of dependency (57.7%) and loss of control (59%) were almost similar to the mean percentages of desire (60%) and engagement (59.2%). These results reflect the negative effects of binge-watching behavior. Moreover, the study revealed that 51.5% of binge-watchers were in the age group of 20 to 21 years, and 85% of them were female. This finding highlights the need to educate young people, particularly women, about the negative effects of binge-watching behavior.

Conclusion In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need to address the growing trend of binge-watching behavior among young people. The study recommends various strategies to overcome this behavior, such as limiting screen time, engaging in physical activities, and cultivating hobbies and interests.
Ultrasound-Assisted Chin Liposuction under Local Anesthesia: An Effective Tool for Facial Slimming in Indian Population
Authors: Marwah Shruti , Handa Arjun
Published: August 2024

An aesthetically pleasing neck is an important component of a youthful appearance of the face. It is frequently targeted by many surgical and nonsurgical methods to achieve the best results. Today, patients are looking for a minimally invasive option that gives permanent results and has a quick recovery. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted liposuction of the chin and jawline has become an important part of the cosmetic surgeon's armamentarium. The objective of this article is to describe the technique, mechanism of action, and most common complications and to establish ultrasound-assisted face liposuction under local anesthesia as an effective method to achieve facial slimming especially in the Indian population.
Reversible arithmetic and logic unit using a novel reversible NRRG gate in quantum dot technology
Authors: Norouzi Maliheh , Heikalabad Saeed Rasouli
Published: August 2024

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has become one of the promising studies for nano-scale computing. QCA is one of the candidate technologies to be replaced with CMOS technology. QCA technology not only reduces power consumption and delay but also increases operating frequency and speed. The arithmetic logic unit is the essential component in a processor that performs arithmetic and logical operations. This paper presents a novel 5 × 5 reversible logic gate called the NRRG (Norouzi_Rasouli Reversible Gate) which can be used as the basic building block of 4:1 and 8:1 reversible multiplexers. Then, we have designed a RALU (reversible arithmetic and logic unit) using this gate. Our design can perform 20 operations such as AND, NAND, OR, XOR, XNOR, COPY, addition, and increment. The proposed QCA RALU requires 0.44 μm2 area, 480 QCA cells, and 10 clock phases. The proposed design needs less cell count, delay, and cost of QCA compared to previous works. The structure is implemented without any rotated cells and only uses one layer which improves the manufacturability of the design. The architectures are designed and simulated using QCA Designer 2.0.3.
Experimental and theoretical investigations of the threshold actuation voltages of aqueous solutions, glycerol–water solutions, and ethanol–water solutions on a coplanar electrode device
Authors: Chen Chun-Hong , Yang Kai-Hsiang , Chang Chien Tzu-Ping , Hung Yun-Jung , Liao Chung-Chia
Published: August 2024

In digital microfluidics, actuation voltage is critical in droplet manipulation using electrowetting-on-dielectric. Compared to parallel electrode devices, the droplet manipulation on coplanar electrodes requires a higher actuation voltage due to its structure. This study derives an equation related to the threshold actuation voltage and many critical parameters (applied frequency, surface tension, fluid conductivity, droplet volume, dielectric thickness, etc.). Our developed model has three innovations: (1) liquid and device parameters related to the threshold actuation voltage are integrated into the model, (2) the absolute value of the complex permittivity of the fluid is added into our model to clarify the conductivity-dependent and frequency-dependent threshold actuation voltage, and (3) the extrand model is used to derive the effects of the surface tension, contact angles, and droplet radius on the threshold actuation voltage. Additionally, we used many solutions for biochemical and biomedical assays—DI (Deionized) water, DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), PBS (phosphate buffered saline), glycerol–water solutions, ethanol–water solutions, potassium chloride solutions, and sodium chloride solutions—to verify the developed Vth in our model. By using the model and conducting an experiment, we investigated the Vth of different liquids on coplanar electrodes. Our model can successfully explain the difference of Vth between these solutions on coplanar electrode devices. The model and experimental data can be utilized to predict the actuation voltage for a broad range of buffers and organic solvents on coplanar electrodes.
Existence of small-scale Rossby waves points to low convective velocity amplitudes in the Sun
Authors: Hanson C. S. , Hanasoge S.
Published: August 2024

Inertial waves occur naturally in rotating fluids such as the Sun and the Earth's atmosphere. Rossby waves in the Sun have the potential to shed fresh light on interior turbulence and convection that prior seismic methods, reliant on sound waves, have been unable to accomplish. Here, we utilize ∼13 years of observational products taken by the space-based helioseismic and magnetic imager, onboard the solar dynamics observatory, to characterize solar equatorial Rossby waves. By examining maps of motions at the surface using two different methods, we are able to identify Rossby modes up to azimuthal order m = 30, approximately up to twice the spatial wavenumber limit of previous studies. The dispersion relation of these modes departs significantly from the classical two-dimensional Rossby-Haurwitz description. A parameter study of the effect of superadiabaticity and viscous diffusion on these inertial modes indicates that each parameter plays a role in influencing both the frequencies and linewidths of high m modes. Using the Rhines-scale relation, we constrain the root mean square amplitude of turbulent convection more tightly to ∼2 m/s, adding more evidence to the paradigm of weakly convective amplitudes at large scales.
Numerical investigation on the propulsive performance and acoustic characteristics of two flapping foils in tandem
Authors: Guo Chunyu , Jin Lei , Cai Lin , Sun Lucheng , Sun Yijie , Shi Guangyu , Yuan Zelong , Lu Jianhua
Published: August 2024

A numerical investigation is conducted on the propulsive performance and acoustic characteristics of two flapping foils in tandem at Re = 200 in uniform flow using the lattice Boltzmann method combined with the immersed boundary method. The effects of phase difference and horizontal spacing on hydrodynamics and acoustics are studied. The results indicate that the propulsive performance and acoustic characteristics of the in-phase foils and anti-phase foils are completely different. As the horizontal spacing increases, the change trend of their propulsive performance is completely opposite. The propulsive performance of the in-phase foils shows a trend of first weakening and then enhancing, while the anti-phase foils show a trend of first enhancing and then weakening. For sound field, the in-phase foils exhibit a dipole-like pattern similar to that of a single foil, while it exhibits a quadrupole-like pattern for anti-phase foils. Compared to the in-phase foils and single foil, the maximum effective sound pressure value of the anti-phase foils is smaller. Meanwhile, the relationship between propulsive performance and acoustic characteristics is analyzed, and it is found that the correlation coefficients follow the same variation pattern. The presented work can offer valuable insights for designing and controlling new bio-inspired autonomous underwater vehicles aimed at suppressing flow noise.