bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Flow MAS NMR Spectroscopy and Synchrotron PDF Analyses of the Local Response of the Brønsted Acidic Site in SAPO‐34 during Hydration at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Kalantzopoulos Georgios N. , Lundvall Fredrik , Checchia Stefano , Lind Anna , Wragg David S. , Fjellvåg Helmer , Arstad Bjørnar
Published: October 2017

In situ flow magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy and synchrotron‐based pair distribution function (PDF) analyses were applied to study water's interactions with the Brønsted acidic site and the surrounding framework in the SAPO‐34 catalyst at temperatures up to 300 °C for NMR spectroscopy and 700 °C for PDF. 29Si enrichment of the sample enabled detailed NMR spectroscopy investigations of the T‐atom generating the Brønsted site. By NMR spectroscopy, we observed dehydration above 100 °C and a coalescence of Si peaks due to local framework adjustments. Towards 300 °C, the NMR spectroscopy data indicated highly mobile acidic protons. In situ total X‐ray scattering measurements analyzed by PDF showed clear changes in the Al local environment in the 250–300 °C region, as the Al−O bond lengths showed a sudden change. This fell within the same temperature range as the increased Brønsted proton mobility. We suggest that the active site in this catalyst under industrial conditions comprises not only the Brønsted proton but also SiO4. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work proposing a structural model of a SAPO catalyst by atomic PDF analysis. The combination of synchrotron PDF analysis with in situ NMR spectroscopy is promising in revealing the dynamic features of a working catalyst.
Appendages and gene regulatory networks: Lessons from the limbless
Authors: Infante Carlos R. , Rasys Ashley M. , Menke Douglas B.
Published: October 2017

Among squamate reptiles, dozens of lineages have independently evolved complete or partial limb reduction. This remarkable convergence of limbless and limb‐reduced phenotypes provides multiple natural replicates of different ages to explore the evolution and development of the vertebrate limb and the gene regulatory network that controls its formation. The most successful and best known of the limb‐reduced squamates are snakes, which evolved a limb‐reduced body form more than 100 million years ago. Recent studies have revealed the unexpected finding that many ancient limb enhancers are conserved in the genomes of snakes. Analyses in limbed animals show that many of these limb enhancers are also active during development of the phallus, suggesting that these enhancers may have been retained in snakes due their importance in regulating transcription in the external genitalia. This hypothesis is substantiated by functional tests of snake enhancers, which demonstrate that snake enhancer elements have lost limb function while retaining genital enhancer function. The large degree of overlap in the gene regulatory networks deployed during limb and phallus development may act to constrain the divergence of shared gene network components and the evolution of appendage morphology. Future studies will reveal whether limb regulatory elements have undergone similar functional changes in other lineages of limb‐reduced squamates.
Maximizing the public health impact of eating disorder services: A simulation study
Authors: Moessner Markus , Bauer Stephanie
Published: October 2017

Objective

Although effective interventions for eating disorders (ED) are available, the impact of health care services on a population level is far from satisfactory. A mathematical model of how health care for ED affects the population's disease burden can stimulate discussions and provide guidance about promising strategies to reduce ED‐related suffering on the population level.

Method

The current health care situation for ED is modeled taking into account the reach and effectiveness of prevention, treatment, and aftercare, as well as incidence rates, relapse rates, and rates for spontaneous remissions. A first‐order Markov model is applied and the effect of changes in single service parameters on the populations overall disease burden are simulated.

Results

Improvements of treatment utilization and the reach of prevention programs would have the largest effects on the population's disease burden. Improving the efficacy of treatment, prevention, and aftercare show only limited effects.

Discussion

In order to maximize the public health impact of health care for ED new models of treatment delivery as well as public health approaches to the prevention of ED are critical.
Ecohydrological responses to rewetting of a highly impacted raised bog ecosystem
Authors: D'Acunha Brenda , Lee Sung‐Ching , Johnson Mark S.
Published: October 2017

Monitoring peatland restoration can be labour intensive, and monitoring activities can result in further disturbance, suggesting that remote sensing can play an important role in assessing ecosystem responses to restoration efforts. In this study, we assessed the response of plant phenological parameters for Burns Bog, a highly disturbed peatland in Western Canada, to restoration efforts. We evaluated the potential for rewetting of disturbed areas to reverse impacts from prior drainage by assessing hydroclimatic controls of precipitation and water table height fluctuations in concert with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and evapotranspiration (ET) parameters obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer platform. Three transects, at different stages of rewetting were used in this study: a control transect with undisturbed native bog vegetation, and transects over disturbed areas with rewetting efforts begun in 2001 and 2005, respectively. Additionally, impacts from a fire event occurring in one of the rewetted transects were investigated. Results showed that rewetting was an efficient restoration procedure for Burns Bog, with both water table height and peat coverage increasing in the rewetted areas. Both rewetted transects are exhibiting characteristics in line with increased Sphagnum coverage in response to rewetting, with NDVI values ranging from 0.5 during the wet season to 0.9 during the growing season and with ET around 450 mm y−1. Additionally, changes in NDVI and ET were strongly correlated to precipitation, temperature and the change in water table height at each transect. We found that NDVI was more effective than ET for investigating the impacts of disturbance events (e.g., fires in the bog), whereas ET provided a better index to monitor the ecohydrological functioning of the bog in response to restoration efforts.
Stabilizing effects in temporal fluctuations: management, traits, and species richness in high‐diversity communities
Authors: Lepš Jan , Májeková Maria , Vítová Alena , Doležal Jiří , de Bello Francesco
Published: October 2017

The loss of biodiversity is thought to have adverse effects on multiple ecosystem functions, including the decline of community stability. Decreased diversity reduces the strength of the portfolio effect, a mechanism stabilizing community temporal fluctuations. Community stability is also expected to decrease with greater variability in individual species populations and with synchrony of their fluctuations. In semi‐natural meadows, eutrophication is one of the most important drivers of diversity decline; it is expected to increase species fluctuations and synchrony among them, all effects leading to lower community stability. With a 16‐year time series of biomass data from a temperate species‐rich meadow with fertilization and removal of the dominant species, we assessed population biomass temporal (co)variation under different management types and competition intensity, and in relation to species functional traits and to species diversity. Whereas the effect of dominant removal was relatively small (with a tendency toward lower stability), fertilization markedly decreased community stability (i.e., increased coefficient of variation in the total biomass) and species diversity. On average, the fluctuations of individual populations were mutually independent, with a slight tendency toward synchrony in unfertilized plots, and a tendency toward compensatory dynamics in fertilized plots and no effects of removal. The marked decrease of synchrony with fertilization, contrary to the majority of the results reported previously, follows the predictions of increased compensatory dynamics with increased asymmetric competition for light in a more productive environment. Synchrony increased also with species functional similarity stressing the importance of shared ecological strategies in driving similar species responses to weather fluctuations. As expected, the decrease of temporal stability of total biomass was mainly related to the decrease of species richness, with its effect remaining significant also after accounting for fertilization. The weakening of the portfolio effect with species richness decline is a crucial driver of community destabilization. However, the positive effect of species richness on temporal stability of total biomass was not due to increased compensatory dynamics, since synchrony increased with species richness. This shows that the negative effect of eutrophication on community stability does not operate through increasing synchrony, but through the reduction of diversity.
Belief in school meritocracy as an ideological barrier to the promotion of equality
Authors: Darnon Céline , Smeding Annique , Redersdorff Sandrine
Published: October 2017

In the educational system, social inequalities are reproduced and legitimated. As a consequence, the implementation of interventions that reduce the SES achievement gap in education may face important ideological barriers. The purpose of the present article is to test the belief in school meritocracy as one of these barriers. In three studies, participants' willingness to see an equalizing pedagogical intervention implemented in one's own university (Study 1) or in one's own children's school (Studies 2 and 3) and their intention to engage in this implementation were measured. Results indicated that a higher belief in school meritocracy (but not meritocracy endorsement, Study 1) predicted lower engagement in the implementation of an equalizing method. This is not observed for inequality‐maintaining interventions (Studies 2 and 3), sustaining the role of descriptive school meritocracy in the perpetuation of social inequalities within education.
Scale‐Up of BiVO4 Photoanode for Water Splitting in a Photoelectrochemical Cell: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Yao Xin , Wang Danping , Zhao Xin , Ma Susu , Bassi Prince S. , Yang Guang , Chen Wei , Chen Zhong , Sritharan Thirumany
Published: October 2017

The monoclinic scheelite‐type BiVO4 is recognized as one of the promising candidate materials for a photoanode because of its 9.1 % theoretical efficiency for half‐cell solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion. Although significant research efforts have been devoted to improving the performance of the photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) of this material, they have mainly been in small anode areas with only a handful of studies on scaled‐up sizes. Herein, a facile metal–organic decomposition synthesis method was used to produce scaled‐up Mo‐doped BiVO4 photoanodes. Multiple modifications were explored and incorporated to enhance the performance of the photoanode. A large‐area (5 cm×5 cm) photoanode was successfully prepared with all modifications. The resulting photoanode gave rise to an initial photocurrent density of 2.2 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, under AM 1.5G illumination in a PEC, which remained at 79 % of this value after 1 h of operation. A deleterious effect of the increased anode surface area on the photocurrent density was observed, which we termed the “areal effect”. Understanding the reasons for the areal effect is indispensable for the development of large‐scale PEC devices for water splitting.
Vitellogenin concentrations in feral Danish brown trout have decreased: An effect of improved sewage treatment in rural areas?
Authors: Morthorst Jane E. , Mathiesen Karsten K. , Holbech Henrik , Pedersen Knud L. , Bjerregaard Poul
Published: October 2017

Feminization of male and juvenile fish because of exposure to estrogens or estrogenic chemicals in effluents from central wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a worldwide issue of concern. Intersex and induction of the female yolk protein, vitellogenin, in male and juvenile fish are robust biomarkers for estrogenic exposure, and feminized fish have been observed downstream of WWTP outlets in many countries. Danish central WWTPs reduce effluent estrogenicity effectively by advanced sewage treatment, and feminizations have not been observed downstream of central WWTP outlets. However, between 2000 and 2004, investigations of Danish streams not receiving sewage from central WWTPs revealed a high variation in vitellogenin concentrations of male juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta); some individuals had high concentrations, probably as a result of estrogenic point sources, and the plasma concentration was >50 ng mL−1 in 79% of the juvenile males. The streams were reinvestigated in 2010 to 2016, and the average male level had decreased to a hitherto unseen baseline level; in 2010 only 0.7% (one individual) of the males had a vitellogenin concentration >50 ng mL−1, which could indicate that the estrogenicity of the streams decreased after 2004. We examined possible estrogenic sources in streams unaffected by central WWTP effluents, and found that the reduced vitellogenin levels are most likely explained by a national effort to improve on-site wastewater treatment in scattered houses not connected to central WWTPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:839–845. © 2017 SETAC
Effect of phytic acid–modified layered double hydroxide on flammability and mechanical properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system
Authors: Kalali Ehsan Naderi , Montes Anabel , Wang Xin , Zhang Lu , Shabestari Marjan E. , Li Zhi , Wang De‐Yi
Published: October 2017

Phytic acid–modified layered double hydroxide (Ph‐LDH) was synthesized via coprecipitation method and subsequently was used in polypropylene (PP) by combining with an ammonium polyphosphate (APP) via melt compounding method. The synergistic effect between APP and Ph‐LDH on the thermal stability, flammability, and mechanical properties of the resultant PP composites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test (UL‐94), cone calorimeter tests, tensile test, and impact test. Morphologies of the chars obtained from the samples after the cone calorimeter tests were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The combination of APP and Ph‐LDH slightly influenced the impact and tensile properties of PP. Also, the synergistic effect between APP and Ph‐LDH occurred in the cone calorimeter test. Moreover, the combination of APP and Ph‐LDH produced better quality char that effectively suppressed the spread of the flame and volatile and finally extinguished the fire.
Rare‐variant association tests in longitudinal studies, with an application to the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: He Zihuai , Lee Seunggeun , Zhang Min , Smith Jennifer A. , Guo Xiuqing , Palmas Walter , Kardia Sharon L.R. , Ionita‐Laza Iuliana , Mukherjee Bhramar
Published: October 2017

Over the past few years, an increasing number of studies have identified rare variants that contribute to trait heritability. Due to the extreme rarity of some individual variants, gene‐based association tests have been proposed to aggregate the genetic variants within a gene, pathway, or specific genomic region as opposed to a one‐at‐a‐time single variant analysis. In addition, in longitudinal studies, statistical power to detect disease susceptibility rare variants can be improved through jointly testing repeatedly measured outcomes, which better describes the temporal development of the trait of interest. However, usual sandwich/model‐based inference for sequencing studies with longitudinal outcomes and rare variants can produce deflated/inflated type I error rate without further corrections. In this paper, we develop a group of tests for rare‐variant association based on outcomes with repeated measures. We propose new perturbation methods such that the type I error rate of the new tests is not only robust to misspecification of within‐subject correlation, but also significantly improved for variants with extreme rarity in a study with small or moderate sample size. Through extensive simulation studies, we illustrate that substantially higher power can be achieved by utilizing longitudinal outcomes and our proposed finite sample adjustment. We illustrate our methods using data from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis for exploring association of repeated measures of blood pressure with rare and common variants based on exome sequencing data on 6,361 individuals.
Managing money matters: Managing finances is associated with functional independence in MCI
Authors: Berezuk Courtney , Ramirez Joel , Black Sandra E. , Zakzanis Konstantine K. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2017

Objective

Previous research suggests that overall experience participating in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is associated with reduced IADL impairment in individuals with mild cognitive impairment, possibly because of an increased functional reserve. Given that difficulties managing finances tend to occur with mild cognitive impairment, this study explores whether experience managing one's finances is associated with independence across various IADLs.

Methods

Participants with a screen or baseline diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (n = 862) were taken from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. Functional dependence and experience were quantified from the Functional Activities Questionnaire.

Results

No group differences between those with and without financial management experience existed in Mini‐Mental State Examination scores, age, and years of education, although women were more likely to have experience managing finances (P < .001). Final chi‐square analyses suggest that financial management experience is significantly associated with greater independence in the ability to follow TV, books, or magazines (P = .009) and remember appointments and important dates (P = .002).

Conclusions

Individuals who are rated as having experience in managing their finances were also rated as being less dependent in their ability to follow and understand TV and books and in their ability to remember appointments and important dates. Neither causation nor the mechanisms underlying this relationship can be discerned from these analyses. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate whether engaging in financial tasks protects against early financial impairment, potentially through an increased functional reserve.
Swallowing outcomes after cricopharyngeal myotomy: A systematic review
Authors: Knigge Molly A. , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: October 2017

Background

No practice guidelines have been established for swallowing outcomes after cricopharyngeal myotomy (CPM). The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize evidence for swallowing outcomes in patients undergoing CPM to treat symptomatic cricopharyngeal dysfunction, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) protocol.

Methods

Swallowing outcomes examined included penetration/aspiration ratings, manometric measures, patient‐rated dysphagia scales, clinician‐rated dysphagia scales, diet level, and weight.

Results

Three databases were queried for studies published between January 1995 and July 2015, resulting in a total of 122 full‐text eligible records. Studies were screened and reviewed, culminating in 10 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Critical appraisal of study design, swallowing outcomes measures, and statistical analysis were summarized.

Conclusion

This systematic review revealed insufficient evidence for guiding clinical practice. Future investigations should use validated patient‐rated and clinician‐rated instruments as well as detailed high‐resolution manometry measures to optimally capture postoperative swallowing outcomes.
Efficacy of postoperative neck irradiation for regional control in patients with pN0 oral tongue cancer: Propensity analysis
Authors: So Yoon Kyoung , Oh Dongryul , Choi Nayeon , Baek Chung‐Hwan , Ahn Yong Chan , Chung Man Ki
Published: October 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is efficacious for regional control and survival in patients with pN0 oral tongue cancer.

Methods

Clinicopathological features of 166 patients with pN0 oral tongue cancer were compared between those who underwent adjuvant RT to the neck (neck RT‐positive) and those who did not (neck RT‐negative). Study endpoints were isolated regional recurrence and 3‐year regional recurrence‐free survival (RRFS). Propensity score matching was also performed.

Results

Cox regression analysis did not reveal any significant predictor of isolated regional recurrence, including RT field. Three‐year RRFS showed modest improvement in neck RT‐positive group compared to neck RT‐negative group before (92.2% vs 91.9%) and after propensity analysis (93.8% vs 83.3%), without statistical significance (log‐rank P = .85 and .37, respectively).

Conclusion

Despite more frequent unfavorable factors, the neck RT‐positive group had a comparable oncologic outcome to the neck RT‐negative group, suggesting that a marginal benefit in regional control might be expected from extending the RT field to the neck for pN0 oral tongue cancer.
Alternating R‐CHOP and R‐cytarabine is a safe and effective regimen for transplant‐ineligible patients with a newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Klener Pavel , Fronkova Eva , Belada David , Forsterova Kristina , Pytlik Robert , Kalinova Marketa , Simkovic Martin , Salek David , Mocikova Heidi , Prochazka Vit , Blahovcova Petra , Janikova Andrea , Markova Jana , Obr Ales , Berkova Adela , Kubinyi Jozef , Vaskova Martina , Mejstrikova Ester , Campr Vit , Jaksa Radek , Kodet Roman , Michalova Kyra , Trka Jan , Trneny Marek
Published: October 2017

Implementation of cytarabine into induction therapy became standard of care for younger patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). On the basis of its beneficial impact, many centers incorporated cytarabine at lower doses also into first‐line treatments of elderly patients. We conducted a multicenter observational study that prospectively analyzed safety and efficacy of alternating 3 + 3 cycles of R‐CHOP and R‐cytarabine for newly diagnosed transplant‐ineligible MCL patients. A total of 73 patients were enrolled with median age 70 years. Most patients had intermediate (39.7%) and high‐risk (50.7%) disease according to MCL international prognostic index. Rituximab maintenance was initiated in 58 patients. Overall response rate reached 89% by positron emission tomography–computed tomography, including 75.3% complete remissions. Two patients (2.7%) did not complete the induction therapy because of toxicity. Three patients (4.1%) were considered nonresponders, which led to therapy change before completion of induction. Estimated progression‐free survival and overall survival were 51.3% and 68.6% at 4 years, respectively. Mantle cell lymphoma international prognostic index, bulky disease (≥ 5 cm), and achievement of positron emission tomography–negativity independently correlated with progression‐free survival. Grade 3 to 4 hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity was documented in 48% and 20.5% patients, respectively. Alternation of R‐CHOP and R‐cytarabine represents feasible and very effective regimen for elderly/comorbid MCL patients. This study was registered at GovTrial (clinicaltrials.gov) NCT03054883.
High‐performance organizing, environmental management, and organizational performance: An evolutionary economics perspective
Authors: Zoogah David B.
Published: October 2017

This study applies evolutionary economics reasoning to the green HRM context and examines whether and how environmental management routinization relates to organizational performance. In doing so, we introduce the concept of ecological routines, defined as deeply embedded, firm‐specific rules and procedures associated with organizing and practicing corporate environmental management that do not change very much from one iteration, period, or functional unit to another. We examine the extent to which ecological routines that encompass organizing (high‐performance organizing [HPO]) and practice routines of environmental sustainability relate to green decisions, green behaviors, and organizational performance. In a sample of 229 managers from 33 organizations in the environment‐sensitive industries of the United States, we find support for multilevel mediation of green decisions and green behaviors as well as interaction of HPO and environmental management practice routines. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Modelling hydrological response to a fully‐monitored urban bioretention cell
Authors: Stewart Ryan D. , Lee Joong Gwang , Shuster William D. , Darner Robert A.
Published: October 2017

Municipalities and agencies use green infrastructure to combat pollution and hydrological impacts (e.g., flooding) related to excess stormwater. Bioretention cells are one type of infiltration green infrastructure intervention that infiltrate and redistribute otherwise uncontrolled stormwater volume. However, the effects of these installations on the rest of the local water cycle is understudied; in particular, impacts on stormwater return flows and groundwater levels are not fully understood. In this study, full water cycle monitoring data were used to construct and calibrate a two‐dimensional Richards equation model (HYDRUS‐2D/3D) detailing hydrological implications of an unlined bioretention cell (Cleveland, Ohio) that accepts direct runoff from surrounding impervious surfaces. Using both preinstallation and postinstallation data, the model was used to (a) establish a mass balance to determine reduction in stormwater return flow, (b) evaluate green infrastructure effects on subsurface water dynamics, and (c) determine model sensitivity to measured soil properties. Comparisons of modelled versus observed data indicated that the model captured many hydrological aspects of the bioretention cell, including subsurface storage and transient groundwater mounding. Model outputs suggested that the bioretention cell reduced stormwater return flows into the local sewer collection system, though the extent of this benefit was attenuated during high inflow events that may have exhausted detention capacity. The model also demonstrated how, prior to bioretention cell installation, surface and subsurface hydrology were largely decoupled, whereas after installation, exfiltration from the bioretention cell activated a new groundwater dynamic. Still, the extent of groundwater mounding from the cell was limited in spatial extent and did not threaten other subsurface infrastructure. Finally, the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the overall hydrological response was regulated by the hydraulics of the bioretention cell fill material, which controlled water entry into the system, and by the water retention parameters of the native soil, which controlled connectivity between the surface and groundwater.
Survival in neuroendocrine neoplasms; A report from a large Norwegian population‐based study
Authors: Boyar Cetinkaya Raziye , Aagnes Bjarte , Myklebust Tor Åge , Thiis‐Evensen Espen
Published: October 2017

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are heterogeneous tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells. Their malignant potential varies from indolence to high‐grade malignancy (carcinomas). We studied the survival of all NENs in Norway according to malignant potential and different primary sites. We identified all NEN cases diagnosed in 1993 to 2015 and reported to the national population‐based Cancer Registry of Norway. We included 62 morphological types. According to morphological characteristics and known disease behavior, we stratified the tumors into two different groups: low/intermediate aggressiveness and high aggressiveness. A total of 17,128 NENs were analyzed. Median age was 67 years and 47.6% were females. The most common primary sites were in the lungs and the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system. The 5‐year relative survival in patients with low/intermediate aggressive NENs was 64.8% (95% CI, 63.3–66.2) and high aggressive NENs 8.4% (95% CI, 7.8–9.1). Females had higher survival rates than males (p <0.001). The relative 5‐year survival rate in patients younger than 50 years was 89.1% (95% CI, 87.4–90.7) vs 41.0% (95% CI, 34.9–46.9) in patients ≥80 years. In multivariable analysis gender, age at diagnosis, time of diagnosis, stage and primary sites were all predictors of outcome both in patients with low/intermediate tumors and high aggressive tumors. Survival improved significantly over time, regardless of sex, age and tumor stage.
Determinants of physical, affective, and cognitive fatigue during breast cancer therapy and 12 months follow‐up
Authors: Schmidt Martina E. , Wiskemann Joachim , Schneeweiss Andreas , Potthoff Karin , Ulrich Cornelia M , Steindorf Karen
Published: October 2017

Fatigue is common in cancer survivors but often insufficiently treated. Due to its complexity a one‐size‐fits‐all treatment seems not appropriate. To gain more information on influencing factors and sub‐dimensions of fatigue we investigated potential determinants and correlates of physical, affective, and cognitive fatigue in breast cancer survivors during and after adjuvant therapy. Within the follow‐up of two randomized controlled trials physical, affective, and cognitive fatigue were repeatedly assessed during and up to 12 months after cancer therapy with the 20‐item Fatigue Assessment Questionnaire in 255 breast cancer survivors. Determinants of the different fatigue dimensions over time were explored with linear mixed models. Chemotherapy appeared as significant precipitating factor for physical fatigue. However, type of cancer therapy had no impact on fatigue one year post‐treatment. Obesity was significantly associated with increased physical fatigue throughout all time points (Δ=15.5 at 12 months) whereas exercise appeared to be beneficial (Δ = −6.3). In contrast, affective fatigue was significantly associated with poor social support and worries about the future. In addition, poor sleep quality and previous use of psychopharmaceuticals were significantly associated with physical, affective, as well as cognitive fatigue. Further, hot flashes were associated with increased physical and cognitive fatigue. In conclusion, the broad diagnosis ‘fatigue’ in cancer survivors needs to be recognized as a diversity of symptoms determined by specific characteristics and likely different etiologies. Taking potential influencing factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, sleep problems, hot flashes, lack of social support, or psychological disorders into consideration might enable a better, individually‐tailored fatigue treatment.
A Literature of Possibilities: Games, Agency, and Redefining Texts
Authors: Garcia Antero
Published: October 2017

This forum reviews high‐interest young adult literature and adult texts. Exploring both print‐based and multimodal works, this column considers all kinds of texts that are encountered by contemporary readers, considering how the texts challenge and are challenged by readers.
Extracorporeal magnetic approach to reduce the unwanted side‐effects and improve antibacterial activity of Ag/Fe3O4 nanocomposites in rat
Authors: Chen Chao , Xia Dong‐Lin , Guo Ling‐Yan , Chen Yan‐Pei , Li Xiao‐Dong , Wang Yu‐Fei , Zhang Duo , Wang Yu‐Ying , Zhang Yu‐Xin , He Hong , Gu Hai‐Ying
Published: October 2017

While Ag nanoparticles hold great promise for broad spectrum antibacterial activity, the potential risks of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on human health remain a challenge. In this study, Ag/Fe3O4 composites have been successfully prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and their magnetic and antibacterial properties have been assessed. In vivo results show that the antibacterial effect of 500 μg/mL Ag/Fe3O4 nanocomposites was significantly higher than that of 1000 μg/mL AgNPs after 72 h of treatment (p < 0.01). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed that squamous epithelium and dermis collagen fibers formed in the Ag/Fe3O4 group after 8 days treatment. Wound closure was significantly better for the Ag/Fe3O4 group than for the AgNPs group. On the other hand, there was less Ag in blood, liver, and kidney in the Ag/Fe3O4 group, as more Ag was retained in the wound. According to lactate dehydrogenase, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, and reactive oxygen species results, Ag/Fe3O4 nanocomposites caused less unwanted side‐effects. This work presents a new paradigm to reduce the unwanted side‐effects of AgNPs and improve their antibacterial activity, providing a new avenue for wound healing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2029–2036, 2018.
In vitro and in vivo antithrombotic and cytotoxicity effects of ferulic acid
Authors: Choi Jun‐Hui , Park Jong‐Kook , Kim Ki‐Man , Lee Hyo‐Jeong , Kim Seung
Published: October 2017

We discovered recently in vitro and in vivo antithrombotic and cytotoxicity effects of ferulic acid. The cytotoxicity assays showed that ferulic acid (∼300 μg/mL) did not cause any significant toxicity on three cell lines, platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes. In vitro assays showed inhibitory effects of ferulic acid on thrombin (THR)‐ or collagen/epinephrine‐stimulated platelet activation by inhibiting platelet aggregation, and decreasing clot retraction activity. The in vitro effect of ferulic acid on THR‐stimulated platelet activation was proved by the decrease in the secretion of serotonin from the platelets. The anticoagulant effects of ferulic acid were confirmed by the prolongation of the intrinsic or/and extrinsic pathways and the delay of recalcification time in plasma coagulation. Ferulic acid had antithrombotic effect in acute thromboembolism model in vivo, and decreased the expression of αIIbβ3/FIB and phosphorylation of AKT in THR‐stimulated platelet activation in vivo, and their antithrombotic efficacies hold promise for therapeutic targeting in our ongoing studies.
Class IIa HDACs inhibitor TMP269 promotes M1 polarization of macrophages after spinal cord injury
Authors: Qi Xiangbei , Wang Pengcheng
Published: October 2017

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease insulting neurological system, and it could be further exacerbated by overwhelming inflammatory responses, where macrophages play a central role. Depending on their heterogeneous phenotypes, macrophages contribute intricately to SCI's pathological processes and functional recovery. Although stimuli like interferons and cytokines are known to regulate their phonotypical transition, it remains elusive which epigenetic programs macrophages engage to complete phenotype shift. We report here that, the treatment of TMP269, a highly selective class IIa HDACs inhibitor, augments the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in macrophages after SCI, meanwhile, TMP269 also promotes their M1 phenotype activation, which is independent of Th1 or Th2 cytokines. Moreover, TMP269 exacerbates tissue damage and impairs functional recovery after SCI. At last, the adoptive transfer of bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) overexpressing class IIa HDACs shows beneficial effects in inflammation resolution and functional recovery after SCI. Thus, activating the class IIa HDACs to harness the anti‐inflammatory effects of macrophages may represent a potential target to treat SCI.
Dissecting the concave–convex π‐π interaction in corannulene and sumanene dimers: SAPT(DFT) analysis and performance of DFT dispersion‐corrected methods
Authors: Cabaleiro‐Lago Enrique M. , Fernández Berta , Rodríguez‐Otero Jesús
Published: October 2017

The characteristics of the concave–convex π‐π interactions are evaluated in 32 buckybowl dimers formed by corannulene, sumanene, and two substituted sumanenes (with S and CO groups), using symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory [SAPT(DFT)] and density functional theory (DFT). According to our results, the main stabilizing contribution is dispersion, followed by electrostatics. Regarding the ability of DFT methods to reproduce the results obtained with the most expensive and rigorous methods, TPSS‐D seems to be the best option overall, although its results slightly tend to underestimate the interaction energies and to overestimate the equilibrium distances. The other two tested DFT‐D methods, B97‐D2 and B3LYP‐D, supply rather reasonable results as well. M06‐2X, although it is a good option from a geometrical point of view, leads to too weak interactions, with differences with respect to the reference values amounting to about 4 kcal/mol (25% of the total interaction energy). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Energetic Analysis of Conjugated Hydrocarbons Using the Interacting Quantum Atoms Method
Authors: Jara‐Cortés Jesús , Hernández‐Trujillo Jesús
Published: October 2017

A number of aromatic, antiaromatic, and nonaromatic organic molecules was analyzed in terms of the contributions to the electronic energy defined in the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and the interacting quantum atoms method. Regularities were found in the exchange and electrostatic interatomic energies showing trends that are closely related to those of the delocalization indices defined in the theory. In particular, the CC interaction energies between bonded atoms allow to rationalize the energetic stabilization associated with the bond length alternation in conjugated polyenes. This approach also provides support to Clar's sextet rules devised for aromatic systems. In addition, the HH bonding found in some of the aromatic molecules studied was of an attractive nature, according to the stabilizing exchange interaction between the bonded H atoms. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal Structure and Properties of Imidazo‐Pyridine Ionic Liquids
Authors: Farren‐Dai Marco , Cameron Stanley , Johnson Michel B. , Ghandi Khashayar
Published: October 2017

Computational studies were performed on novel protic ionic liquids imidazolium‐[1,2‐a]‐pyridine trifluoroacetate [ImPr][TFA] synthesized by the reaction of imidazo‐[1,2a]‐pyridine (ImPr) with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and on fused salt imidazolium‐[1,2‐a]‐pyridine maleamic carbonate [ImPr][Mal] synthesized by reaction of ImPr with maleamic acid (Mal). Synthesis was performed as one‐pot reactions, which applies green chemistry tenets. Both these compounds begin to decompose at 180°C. Our computational studies suggest another thermal reaction channel, in which [ImPr][Mal] can also thermally polymerizes to polyacrylamide which then cyclizes. This is thermal product remains stable up to 700 degrees, consistent with our thermogravimetric studies. [ImPr][TFA] exhibited good conductivity and ideal ionic behavior, as evaluated by a Walden plot. X‐ray crystallography of [ImPr][TFA] revealed a tightly packed system for the crystals as a result of strong ionic interaction, pi‐stacking, and fluorine—CH interactions. Both synthesized compounds exhibited some CO2 absorptivity, with [ImPr][Mal] outperforming [ImPr][TFA] in this regard. The quantum chemistry based computational methods can shed light on many properties of these ionic liquids, but they are challenged in fully describing their ionic nature. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymerization shrinkage and porosity profile of dual cure dental resin cements with different adhesion to dentin mechanisms
Authors: Burey Adrieli , dos Reis Paulo José , Santana Vicentin Bruno Luiz , Dezan Garbelini Cássia Cilene , Grama Hoeppner Márcio , Appoloni Carlos Roberto
Published: October 2017

This research aims to probe the porosity profile and polymerization shrinkage of two different dual cure resin cements with different dentin bonding systems. The self‐adhesive resin cement RelyX U200 (named RU) and the conventional Allcem Core (named AC) were analyzed by x‐ray microtomography (μCT) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Each cement was divided into two groups (n = 5): dual‐cured (RUD and ACD) and self‐cured (RUC and ACC). μCT demonstrated that the method of polymerization does not influence the porosity profile but the polymerization shrinkage. Fewer concentration of pores was observed for the conventional resin cement (AC), independently the method used for curing the sample. In addition, SEM showed that AC has more uniform surface and smaller particle size. The method of polymerization influenced the polymerization shrinkage, since no contraction for both RUC and ACC was observed, in contrast with results from dual‐cured samples. For RUD and ACD the polymerization shrinkage was greater in the lower third of the sample and minor in the upper third. This mechanical behavior is attributed to the polymerization toward the light. µCT showed to be a reliable technique to probe porosity and contraction due to polymerization of dental cements.
Peripheral nerve diffusion tensor imaging: Overview, pitfalls, and future directions
Authors: Jeon Tina , Fung Maggie M. , Koch Kevin M. , Tan Ek T. , Sneag Darryl B.
Published: October 2017

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that measures the extent of restricted water diffusion and anisotropy in biological tissue. Although DTI has been widely applied in the brain, more recently researchers have used it to characterize nerve pathology in the setting of entrapment neuropathy, traumatic injury, and tumor. DTI artifacts are exacerbated when imaging off isocenter in the body. Anecdotally, the most significant artifacts in peripheral nerve DTI include magnetic field inhomogeneity, motion, incomplete fat suppression, aliasing, and distortion. High spatial resolution is also required to reliably evaluate smaller peripheral nerves. This article provides an overview of such technical issues, particularly when trying to apply DTI in the clinical setting, and offers potential solutions.

Level of Evidence: 5

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1171–1189.
Direct determination of δ44/42Ca isotope ratio by ion chromatography/low‐resolution multicollector ICPMS
Authors: Karasinski Jakub , Bulska Ewa , Halicz Ludwik , Wojciechowski Marcin , Krata Agnieszka Anna
Published: October 2017

High‐precision on‐line procedure for measurement of calcium isotopic ratio by coupling ion chromatography to multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed. Calcium separation from the sample matrix was achieved on an ion chromatography column—IonPac CS16—ID 3 mm connected with CERS 500 2 mm suppressor and followed by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry calcium isotopic ratio determination. Dry plasma mode was used with Aridus II desolvation system. To sustained samples with high level of total dissolved salts as well as account capacity of applied analytical column, the method has been optimized regarding calcium isotope ratio measurements with low‐resolution mass spectrometry. Mass discrimination and instrument drift were corrected by sample‐standard bracketing method using the 44Ca/42Ca isotope ratio of SRM 915a as a standard. Good accuracy and reasonable precision of calcium isotope ratio (generally 0.20‰ [2SD]) were achieved, which are comparable to off‐line Ca separation and continuous measurement. The reproducibility of the proposed analytical procedure was verified by measuring the SRM 915a standard as a sample randomly over 3 months (n = 56). Applicability of the protocol was demonstrated for matrix‐rich natural water samples, coral samples, and bone standard reference materials.
A comprehensive in vitro and in vivo metabolism study of hydroxysafflor yellow A
Authors: Wu Liang , Tang Yuping , Shan Chenxiao , Chai Chuan , Zhou Zhu , Shi Xuqin , Ding Ning , Wang Jiaying , Lin Liping , Tan Renxiang
Published: October 2017

As the most important marker component in Carthamus tinctorius L., hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) was widely used in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, due to its effect of improving blood supply, suppressing oxidative stress, and protecting against ischemia/reperfusion. In this paper, both an in vitro microsomal incubation and an in vivo animal experiment were conducted, along with an LC‐Q‐TOF/MS instrument and a 3‐step protocol, to further explore the metabolism of HSYA. As a result, a total of 10 metabolites were searched and tentatively identified in plasma, urine, and feces after intravenous administration of HSYA to male rats, although no obvious biotransformation was found in the simulated rat liver microsomal system. The metabolites detected involving both phase I and phase II metabolism including dehydration, deglycosylation, methylation, and glucuronic acid conjugation. A few of the metabolites underwent more than one‐step metabolic reactions, and some have not been reported before. The study would contribute to a further understanding of the metabolism of HSYA and provide scientific evidence for its pharmacodynamic mechanism research and clinical use.
Accumulation and distribution characteristics of biomass and nitrogen in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) under different fertilization strategies
Authors: Zhang Baige , Li Mingzhu , Li Qiang , Cao Jian , Zhang Changyuan , Zhang Fusuo , Song Zhao , Chen Xinping
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

The elemental uptake and allocation patterns of crops create insight for nutrient management. Two‐year field experiments were conducted to determine the growth and nitrogen (N) uptake patterns of bitter gourd and to evaluate different N management strategies. Two N practices during the nursery stage, namely the conventional fertilizer method (Scon) and the controlled‐release fertilizer management method (Scrf), combined with three N management strategies after transplanting, namely zero N fertilizer application (Nno), the conventional strategy (Ncon) and the systematic N management strategy (Nopt), were assessed.

RESULTS

Averaged over two years, the Scrf‐Nopt treatment performed best, producing 33.1 t ha−1 fruit yield with 310 kg N ha−1, indicating that the yield was 22.6% greater by using 18.8% less fertilizer N than in the Scon‐Ncon treatment. The Scrf‐Nopt treatment facilitated plant growth by accumulating 20.0% more total dry weight and prioritized its allocation to productive organs (57.2%), while the Scon‐Ncon strategy was biased toward leaves (56.3%) over fruits (43.8%). Nitrogen uptake and distribution closely followed the pattern of biomass.

CONCLUSION

The Scrf‐Nopt fertilization strategy coordinated the important role that N plays in total accumulation and well proportion of biomass and N in bitter gourd developmental processes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry