bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Synthesis of Diamond in Molten LiCl–KCl–K2CO3–KOH
Authors: Norikawa Yutaro , Horiba Yurina , Yasuda Kouji , Nohira Toshiyuki
Published: May 2023

We propose a novel diamond synthesis method based on molten salt electrolysis. In our method, carbon deposition and hydrogen generation occur simultaneously, and hydrogen reacts selectively with carbon atoms that possess sp
2 hybrid orbitals to form CH4 gas. Therefore, only carbon with sp
3 hybrid orbitals grows to form a diamond. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed that diamond was synthesized by potentiostatic electrolysis at 1.1 V vs Li+/Li with a 10 C cm−2 charge density in molten LiCl–KCl–K2CO3–KOH at 973 K.
The placenta: epigenetic insights into trophoblast developmental models of a generation-bridging organ with long-lasting impact on lifelong health
Authors: Hemberger Myriam , Dean Wendy
Published: May 2023

The placenta is a unique organ system that functionally combines both maternal and fetal cell types with distinct lineage origins. Normal placentation is critical for developmental progression and reproductive success. Although the placenta is best known for its nutrient supply function to the fetus, genetic experiments in mice highlight that the placenta is also pivotal for directing the proper formation of specific fetal organs. These roles underscore the importance of the placenta for pregnancy outcome and lifelong health span, which makes it essential to better understand the molecular processes governing placental development and function and to find adequate models to study it. In this review, we provide an overview of placental development and highlight the instructional role of the epigenome in dictating cell fate decisions specifically in the placental trophoblast cell lineage. We then focus on recent advances in exploring stem cell and organoid models reflecting the feto-maternal interface in mice and humans that provide much-improved tools to study events in early development. We discuss stem cells derived from the placenta as well as those artificially induced to resemble the placenta, and how they can be combined with embryonic stem cells and with endometrial cell types of the uterus to reconstitute the early implantation site. We then allude to the exciting prospects of how these models can be harnessed in biomedicine to enhance our understanding of the pathological underpinnings of pregnancy complications in a patient-specific manner, and ultimately to facilitate therapeutic approaches of tissue- and organ-based regenerative medicine.
Making a good egg: human oocyte health, aging, and in vitro development
Authors: Telfer Evelyn E. , Grosbois Johanne , Odey Yvonne L. , Rosario Roseanne , Anderson Richard A.
Published: May 2023

Mammalian eggs (oocytes) are formed during fetal life and establish associations with somatic cells to form primordial follicles that create a store of germ cells (the primordial pool). The size of this pool is influenced by key events during the formation of germ cells and by factors that influence the subsequent activation of follicle growth. These regulatory pathways must ensure that the reserve of oocytes within primordial follicles in humans lasts for up to 50 years, yet only approximately 0.1% will ever be ovulated with the rest undergoing degeneration. This review outlines the mechanisms and regulatory pathways that govern the processes of oocyte and follicle formation and later growth, within the ovarian stroma, through to ovulation with particular reference to human oocytes/follicles. In addition, the effects of aging on female reproductive capacity through changes in oocyte number and quality are emphasized, with both the cellular mechanisms and clinical implications discussed. Finally, the details of current developments in culture systems that support all stages of follicle growth to generate mature oocytes in vitro and emerging prospects for making new oocytes from stem cells are outlined.
Hypoglycemic and Hypotensive Effects of Calycotome villosa Subsp. intermedia Seeds in Meriones shawi Rats: In Vivo, Ex Vivo, and In Vitro Investigations
Authors: Lyoussi Badiaa , Laaroussi Hassan , Cherkaoui-Tangi Khadija , Hano Christophe , Morel Nicole
Published: May 2023

Calycotome villosa subsp. intermedia is used in traditional medicine for the prevention and self‐treatment of a variety of illnesses, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension. The present study aims to investigate the in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro hypoglycemic and hypotensive effects of the lyophilized aqueous extract of Calycotome villosa subsp. intermedia seeds (CV) on Meriones shawi submitted to hypercaloric diet and physical inactivity (HCD/PI) for 12 weeks. This diet induces a type 2 diabetes/metabolic syndrome phenotype with hypertension. Furthermore, HCD/PI decreased aorta contraction due to noradrenaline, enhanced L‐arginine, and depressed insulin‐evoked relaxation, while the relaxing effects of the NO donor SNAP and of diazoxide were unchanged. In vivo experiments showed that the oral administration of the CV extract (50 mg/kg b.wt) for 3 consecutive weeks significantly attenuated the development of type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. These effects may involve the improvement of lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, systolic arterial pressure, and urine output. Additionally, ex vivo and in vitro investigations revealed that CV treatment improved vascular contraction to noradrenaline, induced a slight aorta relaxation in response to carbachol, increased the vasorelaxation effect evoked by insulin, and depressed the L‐arginine evoked relaxation. However, CV did not change the endothelium‐independent vasorelaxation response evoked by SNAP or diazoxide. Hence, the present study provides useful information and supports the traditional use of CV in the prevention and self‐treatment of numerous ailments. Overall, it can be concluded that Calycotome villosa subsp. intermedia seed extracts might be useful in the management of type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
Dietary Alpha-Monolaurin for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Stimulatory Effects on Growth, Immunohematological Indices, and Immune-Related Gene Expressions
Authors: Ali Marwa M. , Elashry Mohamed A. , Mohammady Eman Y. , Soaudy Mohamed R. , El-Garhy Hoda S. , El-Erian Mohamed A. , Mustafa Ahmed , Abouelsoud Mohamed , Ragaza Janice A. , El-Haroun Ehab R. , Hassaan Mohamed S.
Published: May 2023

Alpha-monolaurin is reported to exhibit strong antiviral and antibacterial effects. This paves the way for its use as a new generation of feed additives. The experiment was carried out to examine the effects of the inclusion of alpha-monolaurin as a feed additive for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth and immune response. Four diets were formulated to include alpha-monolaurin at 0, 2, 4, and 6 g alpha-monolaurin kg−1 diets and fed to the Nile tilapia (initial weight, 3.19 ± 0.11 g) for 70 days. Compared to those of the control group, the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and efficiency of feed of fish fed 4 and 6 g alpha-monolaurin kg−1 diets were (P ≤ 0.05) higher. The diet supplemented with a 2 g alpha-monolaurin kg−1 diet (P ≤ 0.05) improved endogenous amylase and lipase more than other treatments. The intestinal villus length, width, and goblet cell number were increased (P ≤ 0.05) in fish fed a 6 g alpha-monolaurin kg−1 diet. The same treatment displayed decreased (P ≤ 0.05) AST and ALT and increased total protein, albumin, and globulin. The highest levels of IgG and IgM were also noted in fish fed a 6 g alpha-monolaurin kg−1 diet. The highest values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell and white blood cell counts were seen in fish fed either a 4 or 6 g alpha-monolaurin kg−1 diet. The highest levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and growth hormone were recorded in fish fed a 6 g alpha-monolaurin kg−1 diet. Likewise, the same treatment recorded the highest levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx but the lowest MDA value. Diets supplemented with 4 g or 6 g alpha-monolaurin kg−1 displayed the highest gene expressions of IFN-γ and IL-1β; however, HP70 genes were downregulated. In summary, the study showed that monolaurin may exert immunostimulatory effects on the immune system of the Nile tilapia by modulation of the host immune response and through metabolite production.
The Effects of Programmed Cell Death of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Development of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Wu Hong-wei , Chen He-dan , Chen Ya-hong , Mao Xin-li , Feng Yu-yi , Li Shao-wei , Zhou Xian-bin
Published: May 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells have shown noticeable potential for unlimited self-renewal. They can differentiate into specific somatic cells, integrate into target tissues via cell-cell contact, paracrine effects, exosomes, and other processes and then regulate the target cells and tissues. Studies have demonstrated that transplantation of MSCs could decrease the expression and concentration of collagen in the liver, thereby reducing liver fibrosis. A growing body of evidence indicates that apoptotic MSCs could inhibit harmful immune responses and reduce inflammatory responses more effectively than viable MSCs. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial transfer from MSCs is a novel strategy for the regeneration of various damaged cells via the rescue of their respiratory activities. This study is aimed at reviewing the functions of MSCs and the related roles of the programmed cell death of MSCs, including autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, as well as the regulatory pathogenic mechanisms of MSCs in liver fibrosis. Research has demonstrated that the miR-200B-3p gene is differentially expressed gene between LF and normal liver samples, and that the miR-200B-3p gene expression is positively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis, suggesting that MSCs could inhibit liver fibrosis through pyroptosis. It was confirmed that circulating monocytes could deliver MSC-derived immunomodulatory molecules to different sites by phagocytosis of apoptotic MSCs, thereby achieving systemic immunosuppression. Accordingly, it was suggested that characterization of the programmed cell death-mediated immunomodulatory signaling pathways in MSCs should be a focus of research.
Nanoparticles: A Potential and Effective Method to Control Insect-Borne Diseases
Authors: Nie Danyue , Li Jiaqiao , Xie Qinghua , Ai Lele , Zhu Changqiang , Wu Yifan , Gui Qiyuan , Zhang Lingling , Tan Weilong
Published: May 2023

Insects act as vectors to carry a wide range of bacteria and viruses that can cause multiple vector-borne diseases in humans. Diseases such as dengue fever, epidemic encephalitis B, and epidemic typhus, which pose serious risks to humans, can be transmitted by insects. Due to the absence of effective vaccines for most arbovirus, insect control was the main strategy for vector-borne diseases control. However, the rise of drug resistance in the vectors brings a great challenge to the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. Therefore, finding an eco-friendly method for vector control is essential to combat vector-borne diseases. Nanomaterials with the ability to resist insects and deliver drugs offer new opportunities to increase agent efficacy compared with traditional agents, and the application of nanoagents has expanded the field of vector-borne disease control. Up to now, the reviews of nanomaterials mainly focus on biomedicines, and the control of insect-borne diseases has always been a neglected field. In this study, we analyzed 425 works of the literature about different nanoparticles applied on vectors in PubMed around keywords, such as“nanoparticles against insect,” “NPs against insect,” and “metal nanoparticles against insect.” Through these articles, we focus on the application and development of nanoparticles (NPs) for vector control, discussing the lethal mechanism of NPs to vectors, which can explore the prospect of applying nanotechnology in the prevention and control of vectors.
The Genome Assembly of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz
Authors: Onetto Cristobal A. , Ward Christopher M. , Borneman Anthony R.
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims. Shiraz (Syrah) is a dark-skinned cultivar of the wine grape Vitis vinifera that forms the basis of some of the world’s most iconic wines. Worldwide, Shiraz is the fourth most planted grapevine cultivar; however, it represents the most planted cultivar in Australia. Given the importance of Shiraz to worldwide wine production, this study aimed to produce a reference genome for this cultivar while investigating the unique genetic variants and ancestral origins of this iconic variety. Methods and Results. Long-read ONT data were selected to produce a highly contiguous genome assembly for Shiraz. Phylogenetic reconstruction using high-quality genome assemblies for wine grape cultivars provided further support of a kinship between Shiraz and Pinot Noir. Harnessing long-read data, transposable element insertions potentially affecting gene function were characterized in Shiraz and assessed relative to other cultivars. This revealed a heterogenous landscape of transposon insertion points across cultivars and uncovered a specific combination of allelic variants at the VviTPS24 terpene synthase locus. Conclusions. This establishment of a Shiraz genome provides a detailed view of the genetics that underpin this cultivar, including the discovery of a specific combination of VviTPS24 variants, which when combined with appropriate environmental triggers may allow Shiraz to produce high levels of rotundone, the aroma compound responsible for the distinctive peppery characteristics of this cultivar. Significance of the Study. The availability of a reference genome for Shiraz expands the pool of genomes available for wine grapes while providing a foundation resource for whole-genome studies involving this iconic cultivar, including intracultivar variant identification and transcriptomic studies using a matching reference genome.
The 100 Most Frequently Cited Articles on Myopia
Authors: Shemesh Rachel , Dichter Sarah , Mezer Eedy , Wygnanski-Jaffe Tamara
Published: May 2023

Purpose. To provide a bibliographical‐historical perspective and main interest in the field of myopia. Methods. In this bibliographic study, the Web of Science Database was searched from 1999 to 2018. Recorded parameters included journal name, impact factor, year and language, number of authors, type and origin, methodology, number of subjects, funding, and topics. Results. Epidemiological assessments were the leading type of article (28%), and half of the papers were prospective studies. The number of citations for multicenter studies was significantly higher (P = 0.034). The articles were published in 27 journals, with the majority in Investigative Ophthalmology, Vision Sciences (28%), and Ophthalmology (26%). Etiology, signs and symptoms, and treatment equally encompassed the topics. Papers addressing etiology, specifically genetic and environmental factors (P = 0.029), signs and symptoms (P = 0.001), and prevention, specifically public awareness (47%, P = 0.005), received significantly more citations. Treatment to decrease myopia progression was a much more common topic (68%) than refractive surgery (32%). Optical treatment was the most popular modality (39%). Half of the publications came from 3 countries: the United States (US), Australia, and Singapore. The highest ranked and cited papers came from the US (P = 0.028) and Singapore (P = 0.028). Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the top‐cited articles on myopia. There is a predominance of epidemiological assessments and multicenter studies originating from the US, Australia, and Singapore, assessing etiology, signs and symptoms, and prevention. These are more frequently cited, emphasizing the great interest in mapping the increase in the incidence of myopia in different countries, public health awareness, and myopia control.
Abnormal Thyroid Function Laboratory Results Caused by Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Antidepressant Treatment
Authors: Liao Huijuan , Rosenthal David S. , Kumar Salini C.
Published: May 2023

Mental health issues, especially depressive disorders, are major burdens to the health care systems. This has been more pronounced since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often prescribed for depression. Uncommonly appreciated, however, are the adverse effects these agents may have on thyroid function laboratory test results as well as the clinical thyroidal functional status of such patients, which may lead to erroneous diagnoses and inappropriate treatments. We report on a depressed woman who developed abnormal thyroid biochemical laboratory reports during fluoxetine therapy. After changing to the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine, the thyroid laboratory reports were normalized. In light of this, we wish to alert treating clinicians to this potential significant adverse effect.
Numerical Simulation of Superheated Steam Flow and Heat Transfer in a Balanced Steam Injection Flow Control Device
Authors: Du Qiuying , Li Mingzhong , Liu Chenwei , Dong Sanbao
Published: May 2023

Dual-string steam injection pipe is widely used in the production of superheated steam injection in heavy oil horizontal wells. Due to the nonuniform steam injection volume at the heel end and the existence of an interlayer and other factors in the reservoir, the distribution of steam cavity is not uniform, so it is necessary to control the flow of the steam injection well. Based on the basic principles of fluid mechanics and heat transfer, a three-phase nozzle outflow control device model is established in this paper. The steam flow and heat transfer law in the flow control device is numerically simulated, and the outflow dynamic law of horizontal well OCD completion in heavy oil reservoir is obtained. On this basis, the influence of OCD aperture parameters, steam injection pressure, and steam injection velocity on OCD throttling effect is studied. The results show that OCD has a good control effect on balancing pressure drop and improving steam injection uniformity. When the throttle aperture occupies 1/3 of the pipe diameter, the throttle effect is the best and the heat loss is low. Increasing the steam injection pressure can rapidly enhance the pressure reduction rate of the throttle hole. The throttling effect of increasing steam injection volume is not obvious, and the energy loss becomes higher. The study of this paper provides a reference for parameter optimization and prediction of steam distribution in the flow control device of horizontal wells.
Low Complexity, Low Probability Patterns and Consequences for Algorithmic Probability Applications
Authors: Alaskandarani Mohammad , Dingle Kamaludin
Published: May 2023

Developing new ways to estimate probabilities can be valuable for science, statistics, engineering, and other fields. By considering the information content of different output patterns, recent work invoking algorithmic information theory inspired arguments has shown that a priori probability predictions based on pattern complexities can be made in a broad class of input-output maps. These algorithmic probability predictions do not depend on a detailed knowledge of how output patterns were produced, or historical statistical data. Although quantitatively fairly accurate, a main weakness of these predictions is that they are given as an upper bound on the probability of a pattern, but many low complexity, low probability patterns occur, for which the upper bound has little predictive value. Here, we study this low complexity, low probability phenomenon by looking at example maps, namely a finite state transducer, natural time series data, RNA molecule structures, and polynomial curves. Some mechanisms causing low complexity, low probability behaviour are identified, and we argue this behaviour should be assumed as a default in the real-world algorithmic probability studies. Additionally, we examine some applications of algorithmic probability and discuss some implications of low complexity, low probability patterns for several research areas including simplicity in physics and biology, a priori probability predictions, Solomonoff induction and Occam’s razor, machine learning, and password guessing.
Supplementary Data 1 from Uncoupling CD4+ TIL-Mediated Tumor Killing from JAK-Signaling in Melanoma
Authors: Draghi Arianna , Presti Mario , Jensen Agnete W.P. , Chamberlain Christopher A. , Albieri Benedetta , Rasmussen Anne-Christine K. , Andersen Mads H. , Crowther Michael D. , Svane Inge Marie , Donia Marco
Published: May 2023

CD4+ TILs from melanoma can exert cytotoxic activity against autologous tumor cells (GFP+TCL#17)
Data from Uncoupling CD4+ TIL-Mediated Tumor Killing from JAK-Signaling in Melanoma
Authors: Draghi Arianna , Presti Mario , Jensen Agnete W.P. , Chamberlain Christopher A. , Albieri Benedetta , Rasmussen Anne-Christine K. , Andersen Mads H. , Crowther Michael D. , Svane Inge Marie , Donia Marco
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurpose:
Impaired MHCI-presentation and insensitivity to immune effector molecules are common features of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-resistant tumors and can be, respectively, associated with loss of β2 microglobulin (B2M) or impaired IFNγ signaling. Patients with ICB-resistant tumors can respond to alternative immunotherapies, such as infusion of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). CD4+ T cells can exert cytotoxic functions against tumor cells; however, it is unclear whether CD4+ T-cell responses can be exploited to improve the clinical outcomes of patients affected by ICB-resistant tumors.
Experimental Design:
Here, we exploited CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 gene editing to reproduce immune-resistant tumor phenotypes via gene knockout (KO). To determine the role of cytotoxic CD4+ TILs in ICB-resistant tumors, we investigated CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity in matched pairs of TILs and autologous melanoma cell lines, used as a model of patient-specific immune-tumor interaction. Around 40% of melanomas constitutively express MHC Class II molecules; hence, melanomas with or without natural constitutive MHC Class II expression (MHCIIconst+ or MHCIIconst−) were used.
Results:
CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity was not affected by B2M loss but was dependent on the expression of CIITA. MHCIIconst+ melanomas were killed by tumor-specific CD4+ TILs even in the absence of IFNγ-mediated MHCII upregulation, whereas IFNγ was necessary for CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity against MHCIIconst- melanomas. Notably, although tumor-specific CD4+ TILs did not kill JAK1KO MHCIIconst- melanomas even after IFNγ stimulation, sensitivity to CD4+ TIL-mediated cytotoxicity was maintained by JAK1KO MHCIIconst+ melanomas.
Conclusions:
In conclusion, our data indicate that exploiting tumor-specific cytotoxic CD4+ TILs could help overcome resistance to ICB mediated by IFNγ-signaling loss in MHCIIconst+ melanomas.
ZEB1 Is Regulated by K811 Acetylation to Promote Stability, NuRD Complex Interactions, EMT, and NSCLC Metastasis
Authors: Perez-Oquendo Mabel , Manshouri Roxsan , Tian Yanhua , Fradette Jared J. , Rodriguez B. Leticia , Kundu Samrat T. , Gibbons Don L.
Published: May 2023

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition results in loss of specialized epithelial cell contacts and acquisition of mesenchymal invasive capacity. The transcription repressor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) binds to E-boxes of gene promoter regions to suppress the expression of epithelial genes. ZEB1 has inconsistent molecular weights, which have been attributed to posttranslational modifications (PTM). We performed mass spectrometry and identified K811 acetylation as a novel PTM in ZEB1. To define the role of ZEB1 acetylation in regulating function, we generated ZEB1 acetyl-mimetic (K811Q) and acetyl-deficient (K811R) mutant-expressing non–small cell lung cancer cell lines (NSCLC). We demonstrate that the K811R ZEB1 (125 kDa) has a shorter protein half-life than wild-type (WT) ZEB1 and K811Q ZEB1 (∼225 kDa), suggesting that lack of ZEB1 acetylation in the lower molecular weight form affects protein stability. Further, the acetylated form of ZEB1 recruits the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex to bind the promoter of its target genes mir200c-141 and SEMA3F. RNA-sequencing revealed that WT ZEB1 and K811Q ZEB1 downregulate the expression of epithelial genes to promote lung adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis, whereas the K811R ZEB1 does not. Our findings establish that the K811 acetylation promotes ZEB1 protein stability, interaction with other protein complexes, and subsequent invasion/metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

Implications:

The molecular mechanisms by which ZEB1 is regulated by K811 acetylation to promote protein stability, NuRD complex and promoter interactions, and function are relevant to the development of treatment strategies to prevent and treat metastasis in patients with NSCLC.
A Comparative Study of Neuroendocrine Heterogeneity in Small Cell Lung Cancer and Neuroblastoma
Authors: Cai Ling , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Xie Yang , Minna John D. , Xiao Guanghua
Published: May 2023

Lineage plasticity has long been documented in both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and neuroblastoma, two clinically distinct neuroendocrine (NE) cancers. In this study, we quantified the NE features of cancer as NE scores and performed a systematic comparison of SCLC and neuroblastoma. We found neuroblastoma and SCLC cell lines have highly similar molecular profiles and shared therapeutic sensitivity. In addition, NE heterogeneity was observed at both the inter- and intra-cell line levels. Surprisingly, we did not find a significant association between NE scores and overall survival in SCLC or neuroblastoma. We described many shared and unique NE score–associated features between SCLC and neuroblastoma, including dysregulation of Myc oncogenes, alterations in protein expression, metabolism, drug resistance, and selective gene dependencies.

Implications:

Our work establishes a reference for molecular changes and vulnerabilities associated with NE to non-NE transdifferentiation through mutual validation of SCLC and neuroblastoma samples.
Supplementary Tables and Figures from Targeting the IL1β Pathway for Cancer Immunotherapy Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment and Enhances Antitumor Immune Responses
Authors: Diwanji Rohan , O'Brien Neil A. , Choi Jiyoung E. , Nguyen Beverly , Laszewski Tyler , Grauel Angelo L. , Yan Zheng , Xu Xin , Wu Jincheng , Ruddy David A. , Piquet Michelle , Pelletier Marc R. , Savchenko Alexander , Charette LaSalette , Rodrik-Outmezguine Vanessa , Baum Jason , Millholland John M. , Wong Connie C. , Martin Anne-Marie , Dranoff Glenn , Pruteanu-Malinici Iulian , Cremasco Viviana , Sabatos-Peyton Catherine , Jayaraman Pushpa
Published: May 2023

Supplementary tables S1-S5 and figures S1-S7
Interés superior de niñas, niños y adolescentes. Interpretación adultocéntrica. Caso Oaxaca
Authors:   Comisión de los Derechos Humanos del Estado de Coahuila, México, Gamboa-Fernández Adán
Published: May 2023

El principio del interés superior de niñas, niños y adolescentes presupone el respeto por todos y cada uno de sus derechos, por lo cual, cualquier restricción a alguno de ellos debe encontrar un amparo constitucional. En tal sentido, las legislaciones internacionales y nacionales han adoptado múltiples edades mínimas para que estos puedan ejercer determinados derechos, lo que presupone una restricción para el ejercicio de los mismos. En este texto se analizará, de manera crítica, una de estas medidas que fue adoptada en el estado de Oaxaca, con la finalidad de conocer si se trata de una medida que respeta o que incide en otros derechos de niñas, niños y adolescentes y, en su caso, si esto se realiza de manera objetiva y razonable.
O dualismo filosófico e o lugar dos brancos conquistadores no pensamento ameríndio, segundo Claude Lévi-Strauss.
Authors: Rocha Thiago Toledo L. F. da
Published: May 2023

No presente artigo, mostro, inicialmente, a partir do desvelamento de certos pressupostos de Claude Lévi-Strauss a respeito do pensamento selvagem e do modo de operar do espírito humano, a maneira como, em A história de Lince (1991), o autor compreende a interpretação dos ameríndios em relação a chegada dos brancos conquistadores na América colonial. Em seguida, aponto de que modo essa chave de leitura ameríndia está relacionada ao princípio filosófico e ético-político do dualismo, o qual, segundo Levis-Strauss, está na base do pensamento dos povos indígenas das américas.
Left Ventricular Mechano-Energetic Efficiency Identifies an Early Impairment of Myocardial Blood Flow in Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Lembo Maria , Acampa Wanda , Rao Maria Assunta Elena , Manzi Maria Virginia , Morisco Carmine , Esposito Giovanni , Assante Roberta , Zampella Emilia , Nappi Carmela , Gaudieri Valeria , Mannarino Teresa , Mancusi Costantino , de Simone Giovanni , Izzo Raffaele , Cuocolo Alberto , Trimarco Bruno
Published: May 2023

Background:

Arterial hypertension causes cardiac functional and structural alterations. In hypertensive patients without flow-limiting epicardial coronary artery disease, we investigated possible relationships between positron emission tomography/computed tomography–derived myocardial blood flow (MBF) and echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular (LV) performance, including mechano-energetic efficiency indexed for myocardial mass (MEEi).

Methods:

Seventy-eight hypertensive patients without flow-limiting epicardial coronary artery disease underwent echocardiography, including MEEi computation, and cardiac positron emission tomography/computed tomography with assessment of MBF/mass ratio at rest and after stress and myocardial flow reserve. The lowest MEEi tertile (MEEi<0.031 mL/s/g) was compared to the merged second and third tertiles (MEEi≥0.031).

Results:

Patients in the lowest MEEi tertile were older, had higher systolic blood pressure and body mass index. They also had higher prevalence of LV hypertrophy, whereas lower resting and stress MBF/mass ratio. MEEi was significantly correlated with both resting (r=0.51;
P
<0.0001) and hyperemic (r=0.54;
P
<0.0001) MBF/mass ratios, whereas it was not related to myocardial flow reserve. Delta of MBF/mass ratio was lower in the lowest MEEi tertile than in the highest (
P
<0.0001). In separate multiple linear regression models, after adjusting for sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, prevalence of LV hypertrophy, left atrial volume index, and diuretic therapy, the association between LV MEEi and both hyperemic (beta coefficient=0.44;
P
=0.003) and resting (beta coefficient=0.35;
P
=0.008) MBF/mass ratio remained significant.

Conclusions:

In hypertensive patients without flow-limiting epicardial coronary artery disease, low values of MEEi could detect an early LV dysfunction involving an impairment of both resting and hyperemic MBF/mass ratios. MEEi has the advantage of simpler detection, cheaper costs than positron emission tomography/computed tomography, and a lack of radiation exposure.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02211365.
How the Soul Uses Its Tools: Flexible Agency in Aristotle’s Account of Animal Generation
Authors: Kress Emily
Published: May 2023

Aristotle claims that just as a builder uses ‘tools’ to build a house, so too the soul ‘use[s] heat and coldness as tools’ to build an animal (Generation of Animals 740b25–34). I consider two questions about this claim: (1) what sorts of things does the soul use, and what is it for things like them to be organized? and (2) what philosophical work does this sort of organization do in Aristotle’s account of animal generation? I argue that the soul needs flexible intermediate agents, that it organizes them in a way that exploits their flexibility, and that this is due to the demands of a complex, multi-stage process directed at a single end.
Tension, War, Peace, and Unification: South Korea’s Unification Policies in the Light of Theological-Ethical Theories of War and Peace
Authors: Lee Chang-Ho
Published: May 2023

This article analyzes South Korea’s unification policies and makes ethical suggestions in light of Christian theological and ethical theories of war and peace. Since 1948, South and North Korea have repeatedly confronted each other with heavily armed forces. Unification would be considered the achievement of the Korean people’s endeavour to deter military warfare and promote peace between the two Koreas. In this regard, it is understandable that unification policy-making should retain tension reduction and peaceful coexistence as its fundamental goals. Public discussions in unification policy-making inevitably involve such issues as prohibition or justification of the use of violence or military force and procedures and methods of promoting peace. In analyzing unification policies in Christian ethical terms, such Christian war-peace tenets as pacifism, just war, and holy war contribute to this analysis, given that their primary concerns lie in maintaining peace and justifying violence for the sake of peace.
Protestant Theological Perspectives on the Contribution of Military Chaplains to Moral Formation
Authors: Oosterhuis Thijs , Vos Pieter , Olsman Erik
Published: May 2023

Military chaplains are involved in the moral formation of military personnel. They have to do justice to the internal perspective on morality of their religion, while honouring the plurality of perspectives. The objective of this article is to examine how the contribution of military chaplains to the moral formation of military personnel can be substantiated from a Protestant theological perspective. We first discuss Tillich’s Protestant principle, which functions as a starting point and criterion in the moral discourse. We then show how Bonhoeffer combines a view of reality inspired by faith and a serviceable attitude towards reality. Finally, we focus on the role of theology and the role of the military chaplain as theologian in the moral formation of military personnel with the ideas of Volf and Croasmun. We conclude that Protestant theological perspectives on morality are vital to the moral formation of military personnel.
Colour–Touch Cross-Modal Correspondence and Its Impact on Single-Modal Judgement in Multimodal Perception
Authors: Yuan Tianyi , Rau Pei-Luen Patrick , Zhao Jingyu , Zheng Jian
Published: May 2023

This study explored the colour–touch cross-modal correspondence and its impact on colour–touch multisensory perception. Two laboratory experiments were conducted based on a pre-experiment. In the first experiment, participants chose the colour according to their tactile sense against the vibration generated by the smartphone simulator. A positive cross-modal correspondence was obtained between the vibration amplitude and the colour chroma, indicating the existence of a colour–touch correspondence. The correspondence between vibration parameters and colour hue was preliminarily explored. The impact of the correspondence on the multisensory senses was investigated in the second experiment. Different stimulus combinations were played on a smartphone. The participants were asked to choose the perceived stimulus level. The data illustrated that a better correspondence improved judgement accuracy and reduced reactiontime. Overall, this study offers evidence for colour–touch cross-modal correspondence and presents its potential influence on the single-modal judgement in multimodal perception. The results can be applied in further cross-modal studies, assisting barrier-free society construction and multimodal interface design.
The Cultural and Economic Diplomacy of an Emerging Trade Power: the European Community at the Osaka Expo, 1970
Authors: Nose Kazuhiro
Published: May 2023

This article examines the European Community’s participation in the Osaka Expo in 1970 from the standpoint of whether it was an exercise in cultural diplomacy or an economic exercise. While there was at the time a growing European consciousness and common identity, this article shows that while the ec’s intention in participating in the Osaka Expo may have been to foster its cultural mandate, in reality it was motivated more by economic concerns. It makes a significant contribution to the literature because the ec’s participation in the Expo in 1970 has been largely neglected, even forgotten, and is worth revisiting as a case study of cultural and economic diplomacy as practiced by an organization in an arena in which nation-states usually participated.
Activism and Research: Reflections from the Classroom and Critical Pedagogy
Authors: Bek Mine Gencel
Published: May 2023

This text discusses the relationship between academic research and activism by expanding the debate to teaching. Firstly, the literature on the connection between academia and research will be reviewed with a focus on gender studies. Afterwards, the results of the small-scaled research which was conducted with undergraduate and postgraduate students on activism and research in 2022 will be summarized.
Parallel Arbitral Proceedings: An Analysis of the Issue of Parallel Arbitrations in International Commercial Arbitration within the European Legal Space
Authors: Kalantzi Anastasia
Published: May 2023

Avoiding lis pendens within the EU has always been considered a guarantee for effective judicial cooperation. However, since arbitration is excluded from the scope of European procedural law, questions have been raised as to how parallel arbitral and state court procedures will be regulated. This article aims to illustrate the mechanisms that have been proposed to resolve this issue outside the European Regulations’ scheme with a focus on parallel arbitrations. Under this scope, the author attempts to discuss the potential solutions that have been introduced in respect to “lis pendens” between an arbitral tribunal and a state court as well as their effectiveness. Taken the tie from this analysis, the last part of this article focuses on the issue of parallel arbitral procedures and whether conflicts of jurisdiction can be resolved by using the same mechanisms as adopted in the case of parallel the arbitral and state court proceedings.
The Applicability of the Brussels I bis Regulation to Hybrid Dispute Resolution Clauses
Authors: Okyay N. Kansu
Published: May 2023

The hybrid clause is an optional dispute resolution clause that offers the parties to a contract, for resolving their dispute, an option between state courts and arbitral tribunals. The combination of two different dispute resolution mechanisms, litigation and arbitration, raises the issue of determining the international or regional instruments applicable to this clause, such as Brussels I bis Regulation. As a matter of fact, the Recast of Brussels I Regulation, in line with its predecessors, excludes arbitration from its material scope. Since the hybrid clause contains an option to arbitrate, this exclusion raises the question of the applicability of the Regulation to this form of optional dispute resolution clause.
Enforcing an icsid Award Issued in an Intra-EU Investment Arbitration: An Italian Law Perspective
Authors: Sorace Francesco
Published: May 2023

As a consequence of the cjeu’s decisions in Achmea, Komstroy, and pl Holdings, the enforcement of intra-EU investment awards has now become subject to serious challenges based on EU law. At the same time, the enforcement system under the icsid Convention is designed to prevent challenges at the enforcement stage. The article analyzes the potential clash between contrasting obligations under EU law and international law from the perspective of Italian law. To this end, it draws from the experience of other EU courts in the context of the Micula saga as well as from the only available example of enforcement of an icsid award in Italy. The article considers the various possible approaches to the intra-EU issue and then examines the compatibility of the icsid enforcement system with the Italian Constitution.
A Normative Model of Conventionality Control
Authors: Negishi Yota
Published: May 2023

I am honored to be invited to this symposium featuring on my recent book and to receive comments from two distinguished experts, Sabrina Ragone and Jorge Contesse; for this I sincerely thank Editors-in-Chief, in particular Giuseppe Martinico, for convening this fantastic symposium. Taking this opportunity, I would like to illustrate the whole picture of this project for readers. The first section identifies the research problem and explains about the main topic, namely, the doctrine of conventionality control (1). Next, the second section provides a summary of the contents of each chapter (2). Finally, the third section presents the most original contribution of this book, that is, the trapezium model of the relationship between international and domestic law (3).
Track Image Acquisition Based on the Signal Device of the Photoelectric Encoder
Authors: Shi Yanhui , Yang Yang , Ruan Yanjun , Liao Yi , Zhang Bo
Published: May 2023

The photoelectric encoder is a kind of encoder that uses high-precision metrology grating as the detection element to convert the input angular position information into corresponding digital signals through the photo-electric conversion device. It has the advantages of high resolution
and wide measuring range, so it is widely used in precision angle measuring devices and high-precision speed regulating systems. In this study, an incremental photoelectric encoder is used, and a receiving system of vertical incidence is chosen, covering a photocell receiving circuit and an
infrared circuit. The signal acquisition device of the photoelectric encoder is further designed, that is, the weak photoelectric signal is captured and transformed into an electrical signal that can be recognized by the microprocessor after amplification and adjustment, and then the signal
is processed and transmitted. In the test, the signal output of the photoelectric encoder is simulated first. The results reveal that the theoretical output voltage of the drive is 3.5 V, and the peak of the actual output signal is 7.2 V, which meets the design requirements. The designed photoelectric
encoder signal device is used with the charge coupled device (CCD) camera to capture the track image. The single-camera and dual-camera tests are carried out respectively. The speed of the bearing vehicle is adjusted to 0.6 m/s~1.2 m/s, and the velocity of the vehicle is adjusted timely. The
findings show that the signal device of the photoelectric encoder +CCD camera can be triggered in real-time with the different speeds of the vehicle, and obtain relatively clear images of the track surface and its image of the fastener.
Melatonin-induced transcriptome variation of melon seedlings under salt stress
Authors: Liu Jiecai , Li Jiaxing , Li Xiaojing , Song Yang , Zhang Zhiwei , Sun Jing , Sun Xiaohua
Published: May 2023

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indole-like hormone that plays a pivotal role in the growth, development, and stress response of plants. Thus, investigating the underlying mechanisms of action and growth regulators involved, is imperative to enhance crop salt tolerance.
In this study, seedlings of melon (Cucumis melo L.) grown in hydroponic solution were treated with control (CK), melatonin (50 μM melatonin, MT), salt (60 mM NaCl, ST) and salt with melatonin (60 mM NaCl combined with 50 μM melatonin, MS). The growth potentials including
fresh weight, plant height, leaf area and stem diameter, and photosynthesis-associated parameters, and chlorophyll and lipid peroxidation contents of melon seedlings were measured. Transcriptome analysis was performed and a library of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ST and MS
treatments was screened. Both gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted for these DEGs. Finallly, qRT-PCR assay was performed for verification. The results showed that the growth potentials of melon seedlings treated with MS were significantly
better than those of melatonin-free seedlings. Melatonin also moderately alleviated the NaCl-induced oxidative damage. KEGG enrichment analysis emphasized remarkably enriched pathways, which were strongly linked to photosynthesis, signal transduction and phytohormone synthesis. The functional
genes in objective KEGG pathways were determined, including PsbY, AUX1, CYCD3, PYR/PRL and so on. The photosynthesis pathway (ko00195) was simultaneously significant in both comparison groups (18 and 3 genes, respectively). Furthermore, several families of transcription factors involved
in reaction processes were mainly MYB, AP2-EREBP, and bHLH families. It could be hypothesized that melatonin application effectively improve photosynthetic efficiency and facilitate the endogenous hormone metabolic networks to stimulate the growth of seedlings exposed to high salinity.
Entrepreneurs’ Social Ties and International Digital Entrepreneurial Marketing in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Internationalization
Authors: Yang Man , Gabrielsson Peter , Andersson Svante
Published: May 2023

Digitalization has enabled entrepreneurs to adopt digital tools to create opportunities and reach customers in international markets. Yet, the understanding of international digital entrepreneurial marketing in the global marketplace is limited. Drawing on social network theory, the authors investigate how entrepreneurs’ social ties and firms’ international digital entrepreneurial marketing influence small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) internationalization. Based on multiple case study methodology, the results suggest that entrepreneurs’ bonding and bridging ties facilitate different dimensions of international digital entrepreneurial marketing. That further enhances the intensity and geographic scope of SME internationalization. SME internationalization also reinforces entrepreneurs’ accumulation of social ties. This study contributes to international marketing research by developing the dimensions of the international digital entrepreneurial marketing concept and exploring its important role in SME internationalization.
Inference on subgroups identified based on a heterogeneous treatment effect in a post hoc analysis of a clinical trial
Authors: Zhao Beibo , Ivanova Anastasia , Fine Jason
Published: May 2023

Due to the many benefits of understanding treatment effect heterogeneity in a clinical trial, an exploratory post hoc subgroup analysis is often performed to find subpopulations of patients with conditional average treatment effect that suggests better treatment efficacy than in the overall population. A naive re-substitution approach uses all available data to identify a subgroup and then proceeds with estimation and inference using the same data set. This approach generally leads to an overly optimistic estimate of conditional average treatment effect. In this article, in a post hoc analysis, we estimate the target optimal subgroup through maximizing a utility function, from candidates systematically identified with a penalized regression. We then compare two resampling-based bias-correction methods, cross-validation and debiasing bootstrap, for obtaining approximately unbiased estimates and valid inference of conditional average treatment effect in the identified subgroup, with either an empirical or an augmented estimator. Our results show that both the cross-validation and the debiasing bootstrap methods reduce the re-substitution bias effectively. The cross-validation method appears to have less biased point estimates, smaller standard error estimates, but poorer coverages than the debiasing bootstrap method when using the empirical estimator and the sample size is moderate. Using the augmented estimator in the debiasing bootstrap method leads to less biased point estimates but poorer coverages. We conclude that bias correction should be a part of every exploratory post hoc subgroup analysis to eliminate re-substitution bias and to obtain a proper confidence interval for the estimated conditional average treatment effect in the selected subgroup.