bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and phylogenetic analysis of various termite species distributed across southern Haryana, India
Authors: Bhanupriya  , Mukherjee Shubhankar , Kakkar Nidhi , Gupta Sanjeev K.
Published: June 2023

Termites are highly abundant and vital insects that directly and indirectly influence local soils. The present study investigated the morphological and molecular phylogenetics of termite species collected from study fields in southern Haryana, India, from 2020 to 2021. Samples were subjected to integrated systematic analyses, taking into account the mandible features of soldiers for morphological systematics and 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny for molecular systematics. Based on the external phenotype and relations to reference sequences in NCBI GenBank, 21 species were identified; these included five species each from Odontotermes and Microcerotermes, four species from Coptotermes, two species each from Microtermes and Eremotermes, and one species each from Amitermes, Angulitermes, and Neotermes. 16S rRNA gene sequences were utilized to construct phylogenetic trees to explore the relatedness among identified species. The results of the different molecular phylogenetic approaches including maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and neighbor-joining revealed nearly identical topological relations between the species and grouping of individuals in relation to their genera. The maximum parsimony tree based on mandible features has been found to be effective in clustering multiple species of a given genus in a clade in at least three termite genera.
Characterization of Individuals With Apparent Resistant Hypertension Using Contemporary Guidelines: Insights From CV-QUIC
Authors: Ebinger Joseph E. , Gluckman Ty J. , Magraner Jose , Chiu Shih Ting , Rider Deanna , Thomas Chelsey , Das Sandeep R. , Ho P. Michael , Shreenivas Satya , Bradley Steven
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Apparent resistant hypertension (aRH) carries excess cardiovascular risk beyond nonresistant forms of hypertension; however, our understanding of this at-risk population, as defined by current US practice guidelines, is limited. Accordingly, we sought to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and pharmacotherapeutic patterns of patients with aRH using contemporary blood pressure guidance.

METHODS:

We classified patients at 3 large healthcare systems by hypertensive status using contemporary hypertension guidelines. We subsequently described the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with aRH and compared these factors among hypertensive patients without aRH and between those with controlled and uncontrolled aRH.

RESULTS:

A total of 2 420 468 patients were analyzed, of whom 1 343 489 (55.6%) were hypertensive according to contemporary guidelines. Among hypertensive patients, 11 992 (8.5%) met criteria for aRH, with nearly all assessed comorbid conditions, particularly diabetes and heart failure, being more common in those with aRH. When compared with patients with uncontrolled aRH, those with controlled aRH were more frequently prescribed a beta-blocker, diuretic, and nitrate, with the largest standardized difference observed for a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (35.4% versus 10.4%, Cohen D 0.62). Consistent findings were noted in sensitivity analyses using the blood pressure threshold of 140/90 mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONS:

In an analysis of over 2.4 million individuals, a lower prevalence of aRH was observed than previously reported (12%–15%), but with a high burden of comorbidities. Identification of differences in pharmacotherapy between patients with controlled and uncontrolled aRH, particularly lower rates of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use, help define potential opportunities to improve care and lower cardiovascular risk.
Clinical and Genetic Atrial Fibrillation Risk and Discrimination of Cardioembolic From Noncardioembolic Stroke
Authors: Weng Lu-Chen , Khurshid Shaan , Gunn Sophia , Trinquart Ludovic , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Xu Huichun ,   NINDS Stroke Genetics Network*, Benjamin Emelia J. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Anderson Christopher D. , Lubitz Steven A.
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of stroke but may not be detectable at the time of stroke. We hypothesized that an AF polygenic risk score (PRS) can discriminate between cardioembolic stroke and noncardioembolic strokes.

METHODS:

We evaluated AF and stroke risk in 26 145 individuals of European descent from the Stroke Genetics Network case-control study. AF genetic risk was estimated using 3 recently developed PRS methods (LDpred-funct-inf, sBayesR, and PRS-CS) and 2 previously validated PRSs. We performed logistic regression of each AF PRS on AF status and separately cardioembolic stroke, adjusting for clinical risk score (CRS), imputation group, and principal components. We calculated model discrimination of AF and cardioembolic stroke using the concordance statistic (c-statistic) and compared c-statistics using 2000-iteration bootstrapping. We also assessed reclassification of cardioembolic stroke with the addition of PRS to either CRS or a modified CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score alone.

RESULTS:

Each AF PRS was significantly associated with AF and with cardioembolic stroke after adjustment for CRS. Addition of each AF PRS significantly improved discrimination as compared with CRS alone (
P
<0.01). When combined with the CRS, both PRS-CS and LDpred scores discriminated both AF and cardioembolic stroke (c-statistic 0.84 for AF; 0.74 for cardioembolic stroke) better than 3 other PRS scores (
P
<0.01). Using PRS-CS PRS and CRS in combination resulted in more appropriate reclassification of stroke events as compared with CRS alone (event reclassification [net reclassification indices]
+
=14% [95% CI, 10%–18%]; nonevent reclassification [net reclassification indices]
−
=17% [95% CI, 15%–0.19%]) or the modified CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score (net reclassification indices
+
=11% [95% CI, 7%–15%]; net reclassification indices
−
=14% [95% CI, 12%–16%]) alone.

CONCLUSIONS:

Addition of polygenic risk of AF to clinical risk factors modestly improves the discrimination of cardioembolic from noncardioembolic strokes, as well as reclassification of stroke subtype. Polygenic risk of AF may be a useful biomarker for identifying strokes caused by AF.
Market Masquerades? Corporate Climate Initiative Effects on Firm-Level Climate Performance
Authors: Coen David , Herman Kyle S. , Pegram Tom
Published: June 2023

Climate performance in publicly traded companies has become an important focus for climate action. Non–state actor–led initiatives have emerged as influential governors in this arena, intended to plug gaps in public climate change regulation. This article addresses the key question, are such non–state led climate initiatives exerting a positive influence on corporate climate performance? To answer this question, we empirically evaluate the effects of eighteen such climate initiatives on corporate climate performance, distinguishing between “internal” and “external” initiatives. Based on an original data set of corporate climate initiatives that prioritize climate performance in the private sector, we find that each additional climate initiative has little to no impact on climate performance, modeled as scope 1 direct emissions, but does exert a positive influence on scope 2 indirect emissions. Our findings have implications for the trajectory of the private sector’s climate transition, as well as the potential of corporate initiatives to steward effective climate action.
Most (Un)wanted: Explaining Emerging Relationships Between “Invasive Alien” Species and Animal Governance
Authors: Bliss Cebuan , Visseren-Hamakers Ingrid J. , Liefferink Duncan
Published: June 2023

Invasive alien species (IAS) contribute to biodiversity loss, yet animals deemed invasive are both part of biodiversity and individuals themselves. This poses a challenge for global environmental politics, as governance system goals for biodiversity conservation and animal protection can conflict. Using an integrative governance (IG) framework, we map global and European Union IAS and animal governance instruments and systems, and relationships between them. Relationships are explained by actors’ unequal power dynamics, prioritization of human and environmental health, hegemonic anthropocentric discourses, and trade globalization. These factors encourage valuing certain animals—native and domestic—above others. Relationships between the governance systems have been limited. However, integration is deepening because of the transnational and interlinked nature of biodiversity loss and other issues, such as climate change and biosecurity. Nevertheless, as engagement with nonhuman entities brings new challenges, practicing greater IG could go further than this, as acknowledgment of animals’ interests is lacking in IAS governance.
From “Loss and Damage” to “Losses and Damages”: Orthographies of Climate Change Loss and Damage in the IPCC
Authors: Hartz Friederike
Published: June 2023

Political conflict over climate change loss and damage (L&D) has made it difficult for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to engage with the topic in its entirety, especially in the intergovernmentally agreed Summaries for Policymakers (SPMs). The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), however, saw the inclusion of the term “losses and damages” in SPMs for the first time. Drawing on evidence from twenty-eight interviews with IPCC authors, reviewers, and L&D experts as well as an analysis of IPCC materials, this article traces the representation of L&D in the IPCC. I suggest that the clarification of different L&D orthographies (“Loss and Damage,” “loss and damage,” and “losses and damages”) through the IPCC Glossary in 2018 paved the way for L&D wording to be consensually approved in multiple AR6 SPMs. Discussing the implications of orthographic choice, I show how L&D orthographies are appraised differently by individuals, depending on their position in the L&D science–policy discourse. Building on insights from science and technology studies and international relations scholarship, I contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the role of language and spelling in reaching consensus at the climate science–policy interface.
Taxonomic review of the plant bug subfamily Isometopinae for Taiwan and Japanese Southwest Islands, with descriptions of new taxa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Isometopinae)
Authors: YASUNAGA TOMOHIDE , YAMADA KAZUTAKA , TSAI JING-FU
Published: June 2023

The fauna of plant bug subfamily Isometopinae in Taiwan and Japanese Southwest (Nansei) Islands is reviewed. Twenty-five species are recognized, including two new species of Myiomma Puton, M. austroccidens sp. nov. and M. kentingense sp. nov., which are herein diagnosed and described. In addition, Isometopus yehi Lin, 2004 is synonymized with I. bipunctatus Lin; Isometopidea yangi Lin is transferred to Kohnometopus; and a substitute name, Alcecoris linyangorum, is proposed for A. formosanus (Lin & Yang) (= a junior secondary homonym of Alcecoris formosanus Lin). An annotated checklist, with updated distributional record and biological information, is provided for all treated taxa. A new tribe Sophianini is proposed for two genera, Alcecoris and Sophianus, characterized principally by the conspicuously modified antennal structures. An additional new species, Alcecoris cochlearatus sp. nov., found during examination of related Oriental specimens, is described from the Malay Peninsula.
A new species of Gonionemus (Hydrozoa: Limnomedusae) from southern Australia
Authors: WATSON JEANETTE E. , GOVINDARAJAN ANNETTE F.
Published: June 2023

A new species of a crawling limnomedusa belonging to the genus Gonionemus (Hydrozoa: Limnomedusae: Olindiidae) was collected from the brown alga Cystophora monilifera in an intertidal rock pool in Western Port, Victoria, Australia. The new species is described and compared with the three known species of Gonionemus. The mitochondrial DNA barcode markers cytochrome oxidase I and 16S rRNA were sequenced and compared to sequences from other olindiid species. The sequencing results corroborate the morphological findings.
Evidence of Mixed Scaling for Mean Profile Similarity in the Stable Atmospheric Surface Layer
Authors: Heisel Michael , Chamecki Marcelo
Published: June 2023

A new mixed scaling parameter Z = z/(Lh)1/2 is proposed for similarity in the stable atmospheric surface layer, where z is the height, L is the Obukhov length, and h is the boundary layer depth. In comparison with the parameter ζ = z/L from Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST), the new parameter Z leads to improved mean profile similarity for wind speed and air temperature in large-eddy simulations. It also yields the same linear similarity relation for CASES-99 field measurements, including in the strongly stable (but still turbulent) regime where large deviations from MOST are observed. Results further suggest that similarity for turbulent energy dissipation rate depends on both Z and ζ. The proposed mixed scaling of Z and relevance of h can be explained by physical arguments related to the limit of z-less stratification that is reached asymptotically above the surface layer. The presented evidence and fitted similarity relations are promising, but the results and arguments are limited to a small sample of idealized stationary stable boundary layers. Corroboration is needed from independent datasets and analyses, including for complex and transient conditions not tested here.
The Influence of Change on Indigenous Strip-Woven Fabrics in Ghana
Authors: Boadi Morrison Appiagyei , Frimpong Charles , Seidu Raphael Kanyire
Published: June 2023

Indigenous art forms like textiles have undergone critical transitions to their current form due to the influence of change in the environment. Studies in recent times have identified new creativity by weavers in the major weaving communities. This study therefore seeks to identify the influence and effects of change on colours, techniques, tools and materials as well as gender roles on strip-woven fabrics in Ghana. Qualitative research coupled with case study approach aided to gather relevant data through interviews and observation from master weavers. It was revealed that politics, formal education, technology and modernity have influenced changes in the production of strip fabrics. Notably, embroidery machines play an important role in creating designs on the finished fabrics for the market.
The emperor’s new loaves: Scarcity and abundance in John 6:1–15 and 21:1–14
Authors: Wright Arthur M.
Published: June 2023

John 6 and 21 demonstrate moments of both scarcity and abundance. Jesus provides a sign in John 6:1–15, miraculously feeding thousands of followers with five loaves and two fish. In John 21:1–14, Jesus’s simple command to his disciples results in a remarkable catch of fish. Both of these Johannine stories take place along the Sea of Galilee “of Tiberias.” These uniquely Johannine notes about the location foreground the Roman imperial context and political implications in these passages. In spite of rampant food insecurity and scarcity in the empire, Roman ideology insisted that the emperor’s reign brought blessings and abundance to all. In these two scenes on the lake, the Fourth Gospel contests Roman imperial claims of a golden age of prosperity and abundance while setting forth alternative claims about true abundance and life made available through Jesus and his Father.
Effectiveness of Timely Implementation of Palliative Care on the Well-Being of Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Case–Control Study
Authors: Pan Lu , Qiao Li , Zhang Yuzhe , Zhang Jianwei , Yuan Ling
Published: June 2023

Objectives: To date, there is a lack of consensus on the timely implementation of palliative care (PC) in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). We aimed to investigate the impact of primary PC intervention on chronic HF patients with different classes of cardiac function, and to determine a proper time point for the implementation of primary PC intervention. Methods: A consecutive series of 180 chronic HF patients with the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Cardiac function ranging from I to III were enrolled in this study. Patients with the same cardiac function class, they were randomized and equally assigned to the usual care (UC) group or to the PC intervention group. At the end of 24-week treatment, quality-of-life (QoL) measurements were evaluated. Left ventricular ejection fraction and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were measured for each group at baseline and the final follow-up, respectively. Results: Through the 6-month follow-up, patients randomized to the PC intervention group presented significantly better QoL and cardiac function as compared with patients randomized to the UC group alone. Subgroup analysis showed that for patients with NYHA class II or III, significantly improved cardiac function and QoL were observed in the PC intervention group as compared with the control group. As for patients with class I, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Palliative program can effectively improve the QoL and cardiac function of patients with chronic HF. Moreover, we provided evidence on timely referral of patients to PC intervention, which could be beneficial for patients with NYHA class II.
Multiobjective optimization of tribological characteristics of 3D printed texture surfaces for ABS and PLA Polymers
Authors: Mourya Vishal , Bhore Skylab P , Wandale Parag G
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the 3D-printed textured samples are fabricated using fused deposition modelling (FDM) process for two different polymers such as ABS and PLA. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the influence of printing parameters on the tribological characteristics of 3D-printed textured samples. Here, the four major FDM printing parameters such as layer thickness (LT), nozzle temperature (NT), line width (LW) and printing speed (PS) are considered for the study. Whereas, the tribological characteristics of 3D-printed textured sample such as wear rate and friction coefficient are considered as output responses. The present experimental study is carried out based on the response surface methodology to evaluate the effect of these FDM printing parameters on the tribological characteristics of textured samples. These experimental results show that the line width is the most significant printing parameter followed by layer thickness. Whereas, the printing speed is the third most significant printing parameter. Furthermore, the optimized value of printing parameters for ABS and PLA are evaluated by using grey relational analysis. For the ABS polymer, the optimal value of printing parameters as layer thickness = 0.1 mm, nozzle temperature = 230°C, line width = 0.28 mm and printing speed = 75 mm/s. Whereas, for the PLA, the optimal value of printing parameters are: layer thickness = 0.14 mm, nozzle temperature = 220°C, line width = 0.31 mm, and printing speed = 50 mm/s. In addition, However, the wear rate first decreases with the layer thickness and nozzle temperature and then increases. The wear rate linearly increases with the printing speed.
Revisiting the cruel optimism of racial justice – A response to Fadil, Favell and St Louis
Authors: Meer Nasar
Published: June 2023

The  Cruel Optimism of Racial Justice (2022) adopts neither an unswerving belief in the teleology of justice nor the pessimism that approaches to justice are necessarily incapable of grasping racism. It maintains instead that the accumulated struggle for racial justice invites us to recognise certain starting points, including our organising categories, before tracing seeming success and failure empirically through case studies. In their rigorous and wide-ranging appraisals, Fadil, Favell and St Louis identify a number of possible weaknesses as well as strengths in this approach, and I take the opportunity of this reply to respond to the former.
Intra Nasal Use of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid for Improving Olfactory Dysfunction Post COVID-19
Authors: Abdelazim Mohamed H. , Mandour Zeyad , Abdelazim Ahmed H. , Ismaiel Wael F. , Gamal Mohammed , Abourehab Mohammed A.S. , Alghamdi Saleh , Alghamdi Mohamed A. , Alrugi Rehab R. , Alharthi Rawan R.
Published: June 2023

Background

COVID-19 has been associated with olfactory dysfunction in many infected patients. The rise of calcium levels in the nasal secretions plays an essential role in the olfaction process with a desensitization effect on the olfactory receptor neurons and a negative impact on the olfaction transmission. Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent that can bind free calcium in the nasal secretions, thereby reducing the adverse effects of calcium on olfactory function.

Objectives

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the effect of intranasal EDTA on improving olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19.

Methods

Fifty patients with a history of COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction that persisted for more than 6 months were enrolled in the current prospective randomized clinical trial. Participants were randomized into 2 equal groups. Twenty-five patients were treated with olfactory training only, while the remaining 25 patients received treatment with olfactory training and a topical nasal spray of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid. The olfactory function was assessed before treatment and 3 months later using the Sniffin’ Sticks test. Additionally, the determination of calcium level in the nasal secretions was performed using an ion-selective electrode before treatment and 3 months later.

Results

Eighty-eight percent of the patients treated with olfactory training in addition to EDTA exhibited clinical improvement, while 60% showed improvement in patients treated with olfactory training only. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the measured calcium level in the nasal secretions was demonstrated after the use of ethylene diamine tetra compared to patients treated with olfactory training only.

Conclusion

Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid may be associated with an improvement of the olfactory function post-COVID-19.
Systematic Literature Review of the Prevalence, Pattern, and Determinant of Multimorbidity Among Older Adults in Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed Abdulsalam , Khan Hafiz T.A. , Lawal Muili
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Multimorbidity is a rising health issue globally and it is likely to become challenging in developing countries like Nigeria as they experience economic, demographic, and epidemiological transition. Yet, evidence of prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity, and their determinants, are scarce. This study aims to systematically review studies of the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of multimorbidity in Nigeria.

Methods

Studies were identified by searching 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Africa Index Medicus/Global Index Medicus). Multimorbidity as well as other versions of it was used to search. The prevalence and determinants were also searched. According to preestablished inclusion criteria, and using different search strategies, 6 articles were included. The quality and risk of bias were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool for prevalence studies. Two researchers assessed the eligibility of studies for inclusion. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO Ref no. CRD42021273222. The overall prevalence, pattern, and determinants were analyzed.

Results

We identified 6 eligible publications describing studies that included a total of 3332 (men 47.5%, women 52.5%) patients from 4 states plus the federal capital territory Abuja. The multimorbidity prevalence ranges from 27% to 74% among elderly Nigerians. Cardiovascular together with metabolic and/or musculoskeletal conditions were the frequent patterns of multimorbidity. A positive association was observed between age and multimorbidity in most studies. Other factors associated with multimorbidity were female gender, low education status, poor monthly income/unemployment, hospitalization, medical visits, and emergency services.

Conclusion

There has been a growing need for more applied health services research to understand better and manage multimorbidity in developed countries. The scarcity of studies in our review reveals that multimorbidity is not a priority area of research in Nigeria, and this will continue to hinder policy development in that area.
Self-Assessment of Research Skills and Barriers to Research Careers among Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellows
Authors: Scott Meg K. , Goodwin Andrew J. , Nadig Nandita R. , Harvey Jillian B. , Kilb Edward F.
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Recruitment and retention of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) trainees into academic research positions remain difficult. Factors influencing graduates, like salary and personal circumstances, remain unchangeable. However, some program-level factors, like research skill acquisition and mentorship, may be modifiable to encourage matriculation into academic research positions.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to identify proficiency in research-specific skills in PCCM trainees and barriers to careers as research-focused academic faculty.

METHODS

We surveyed PCCM fellows in a nationwide cross-sectional analysis including demographics, research intent, research skills self-assessment, and academic career barriers. The Association of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Program Directors approved and disseminated the survey. Data were collected and stored using the REDCap database. Descriptive statistics were used to assess survey items.

RESULTS

612 fellows received the primary survey with 112 completing the survey for a response rate of 18.3%. A majority were male (56.2%) and training at university-based medical centers (89.2%). Early fellowship trainees (first-/second-year fellows) comprised 66.9% of respondents with 33.1% being late fellowship trainees (third-/fourth-year fellows). Most early trainees (63.2%) indicated they intended to incorporate research into their careers. A chi-square testing of independence was performed to examine the relationship between training level and perceived proficiency. Significant relationships in perceived proficiency were identified between early and late fellowship trainees with an absolute difference of 25.3% (manuscript writing), 18.7% (grant writing), 21.6% (study design), and 19.5% (quantitative/qualitative methodology). The most prevalent barriers were unfamiliarity with grant writing (59.5%) and research funding uncertainty (56.8%).

CONCLUSION

With an ongoing need for academic research faculty, this study identifies self-perceived gaps in research skills including grant writing, data analytics, and study conception and design. These skills map to fellow-identified barriers to careers in academics. Mentorship and innovative curriculum focusing on the development of key research skills may enhance academic research faculty recruitment.
A novel melanocortin fusion protein inhibits fibrinogen oxidation and degradation during trauma-induced coagulopathy
Authors: Han Chang Yeop , Wang Xu , Ringgold Kristyn M. , Bennett Jennifer C. , St. John Alexander E. , Berenson Ronald , Stern Susan A. , White Nathan J.
Published: June 2023

Immune cell inflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of acute trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC). We hypothesized that leukocyte inflammation contributes to TIC through the oxidation and proteolysis of fibrinogen. To test this hypothesis, antioxidants and a novel anti-inflammatory melanocortin fusion protein (AQB-565) were used to study the effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6)–stimulated human leukocytes on fibrinogen using single-cell imaging flow cytometry and multiplex fluorescent western blotting. We also studied the effects of AQB-565 on fibrinogen using an in vivo rat trauma model of native TIC. IL-6 induced cellular inflammation and mitochondrial superoxide production in human monocytes, causing fibrinogen oxidation and degradation in vitro. Antioxidants suppressing mitochondrial superoxide reduced oxidative stress and inflammation and protected fibrinogen. AQB-565 decreased inflammation, inhibited mitochondrial superoxide, and protected fibrinogen in vitro. Trauma with hemorrhagic shock increased IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, selectively oxidized and degraded fibrinogen, and induced TIC in rats in vivo. AQB-565, given at the onset of hemorrhage, blocked inflammation, protected fibrinogen from oxidation and degradation, and prevented TIC. Leukocyte activation contributes to TIC through the oxidation and degradation of fibrinogen, which involves mitochondrial superoxide and cellular inflammation. Suppression of inflammation by activation of melanocortin pathways may be a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of TIC.
The transcription factor Stat-1 is essential for Schwann cell differentiation, myelination and myelin sheath regeneration
Authors: Xu Jinghui , Zhang Bin , Cai Jieyi , Peng Qianqian , Hu Junxia , Askar Parizat , Shangguan Jianghong , Su Wenfeng , Zhu Changlai , Sun Hualin , Zhou Songlin , Chen Gang , Yang Xiaoming , Gu Yun
Published: June 2023

Background

Myelin sheath is a crucial accessory to the functional nerve-fiber unit, its disruption or loss can lead to axonal degeneration and subsequent neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Notwithstanding of substantial progress in possible molecular mechanisms underlying myelination, there is no therapeutics that prevent demyelination in NDs. Therefore, it is crucial to seek for potential intervention targets. Here, we focused on the transcriptional factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1), to explore its effects on myelination and its potential as a drug target.

Methods

By analyzing the transcriptome data obtained from Schwann cells (SCs) at different stages of myelination, it was found that Stat1 might be involved in myelination. To test this, we used the following experiments: (1) In vivo, the effect of Stat1 on remyelination was observed in an in vivo myelination mode with Stat1 knockdown in sciatic nerves or specific knockdown in SCs. (2) In vitro, the RNA interference combined with cell proliferation assay, scratch assay, SC aggregate sphere migration assay, and a SC differentiation model, were used to assess the effects of Stat1 on SC proliferation, migration and differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq), RNA-Seq, ChIP-qPCR and luciferase activity reporter assay were performed to investigate the possible mechanisms of Stat1 regulating myelination.

Results

Stat1 is important for myelination. Stat1 knockdown in nerve or in SCs reduces the axonal remyelination in the injured sciatic nerve of rats. Deletion of Stat1 in SCs blocks SC differentiation thereby inhibiting the myelination program. Stat1 interacts with the promoter of Rab11-family interacting protein 1 (Rab11fip1) to initiate SC differentiation.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that Stat1 regulates SC differentiation to control myelinogenic programs and repair, uncover a novel function of Stat1, providing a candidate molecule for clinical intervention in demyelinating diseases.
Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential of JAB1 in neurological development and disorders
Authors: Yang Yu , Song Ruying , Gao Yiming , Yu Hao , Wang Shuai
Published: June 2023

c-Jun activation domain binding protein-1 (JAB1) is a multifunctional regulator that plays vital roles in diverse cellular processes. It regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity and also acts as the fifth component of the COP9 signalosome complex. While JAB1 is considered an oncoprotein that triggers tumor development, recent studies have shown that it also functions in neurological development and disorders. In this review, we summarize the general features of the JAB1 gene and protein, and present recent updates on the regulation of JAB1 expression. Moreover, we also highlight the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of JAB1 in neurodevelopmental processes such as neuronal differentiation, synaptic morphogenesis, myelination, and hair cell development and in the pathogenesis of some neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain, and peripheral nerve injury. Furthermore, current challenges and prospects are discussed, including updates on drug development targeting JAB1.
Identification of BBX gene family and its function in the regulation of microtuber formation in yam
Authors: Chang Yingying , Sun Haoyuan , Liu Shiyu , He Yulong , Zhao Shanshan , Wang Jiage , Wang Tianle , Zhang Jiangli , Gao Jin , Yang Qingxiang , Li Mingjun , Zhao Xiting
Published: June 2023

BBX proteins play important roles in all of the major light-regulated developmental processes. However, no systematic analysis of BBX gene family regarding the regulation of photoperiodic microtuber formation has been previously performed in yam. In this study, a systematic analysis on the BBX gene family was conducted in three yam species, with the results, indicating that this gene plays a role in regulating photoperiodic microtuber formation. These analyses included identification the BBX gene family in three yam species, their evolutionary relationships, conserved domains, motifs, gene structure, cis-acting elements, and expressional patterns. Based on these analyses, DoBBX2/DoCOL5 and DoBBX8/DoCOL8 showing the most opposite pattern of expression during microtuber formation were selected as candidate genes for further investigation. Gene expression analysis showed DoBBX2/DoCOL5 and DoBBX8/DoCOL8 were highest expressed in leaves and exhibited photoperiod responsive expression patterns. Besides, the overexpression of DoBBX2/DoCOL5 and DoBBX8/DoCOL8 in potato accelerated tuber formation under short-day (SD) conditions, whereas only the overexpression of DoBBX8/DoCOL8 enhanced the accelerating effect of dark conditions on tuber induction. Tuber number was increased in DoBBX8/DoCOL8 overexpressing plants under dark, as well as in DoBBX2/DoCOL5 overexpressing plants under SD. Overall, the data generated in this study may form the basis of future functional characterizations of BBX genes in yam, especially regarding their regulation of microtuber formation via the photoperiodic response pathway.
LC-MS metabolomics profiling of Salvia aegyptiaca L. and S. lanigera Poir. with the antimicrobial properties of their extracts
Authors: Nasr Alyaa , Yosuf Israa , Turki Zaki , Abozeid Ann
Published: June 2023

Background

Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) found in almost all countries in temperate and tropical regions. Both S. aegyptiaca L. and S. lanigera Poir. have a rather wide distribution in Egypt (Mediterranean region, Gebel Elba and nearly the whole Sinai). Salvia species showed antibacterial and antifungal activities against several groups of food microorganisms and pathogens, so they are considered as a natural foods preservatives.

Aim

Investigate the phytochemical profiles of S. aegyptiaca & S. lanigera collected from their natural habitats in Egypt and test the antimicrobial activities of both species against some bacteria and fungi pathogenic strains.

Methodology

In the present study, S. aegyptiaca and S. lanigera were collected from their natural habitat. Total phenolics and flavonoids contents were measured for aerial parts of both Salvia spp.. The separation and identification of the pure active materials of both Salvia sp. by using LC-MS system (UHPLC-TSQ Quantum Mass Spectrometer). The antimicrobial activities of the ethanol, water and benzene extracts of the two species were tested against different pathogenic strains and compared with the standard antimicrobial drug (Gentamycin). Antimicrobial activity was determined by using agar disk diffusion method.

Results

The phenolics content in S. lanigera 132.61±6.23 mg/g and S. aegyptiaca 125.19±4.97 mg/g, while the flavonoids content was 35.68±1.84 and 40.63±2.11 mg/g, respectively. Through LC-MS analysis, two compounds were detected in both species; heptadecanoyl coenzyme A, that the highest percentage (13.5%) in S. aegyptiaca and (11.5 %) in S. lanigera. Oenin, in a peak area of 3.1% in S. aegyptiaca and 1.2 % in S. lanigera. Ethanol extract of the two species had the most inhibitory effect against all tested microorganisms that exceeded the effect of the standard, except for Mucor reinelloids which was more sensitive to the water extract. Moreover, S. lanigera ethanol extract showed larger inhibition zone than S. aegyptiaca in all tested microorganisms except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Conclusion

This study shows the important phytochemicals that improve the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Salvia aegyptiaca and S. lanigera.
Acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction secondary to Sjogren’s syndrome in pregnancy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Chang , Lio Ka U , Le Yiping , Wang Chuan , Kang Xin , Lin Jianhua , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ning
Published: June 2023

Background

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO) is a rare disease, and its clinical manifestations can resemble mechanical intestinal obstruction leading to unnecessary and potentially harmful surgery. Certain autoimmune diseases have been associated with IPO, however, cases secondary to Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) are especially rare.

Case presentation

We described the first case of SjS-associated acute IPO in pregnancy, which was successfully treated with combined immunosuppressive therapy and resulted in an uneventful caesarean delivery.

Conclusions

Women with SjS is likely to experience more complications during pregnancy, and IPO rather than the classic symptoms could be the first sign of SjS flares. IPO should be suspected in patients with unrelenting symptoms of small bowel obstruction, and a multidisciplinary approach can provide optimal management of such high-risk pregnancies.
Analysis of mRNA-miRNA interaction network reveals the role of CAFs-derived exosomes in the immune regulation of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Wei-Zhou , Cao Xue , Bian Li , Gao Yue , Yu Ming , Li Yi-Ting , Xu Jian-Guo , Wang Yang-Hao , Yang He-Feng , You Ding-Yun , He Yong-Wen
Published: June 2023

Background

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have significant tumor regulatory functions, and CAFs-derived exosomes (CAFs-Exo) released from CAFs play an important role in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, a lack of comprehensive molecular biological analysis leaves the regulatory mechanisms of CAFs-Exo in OSCC unclear.

Methods

We used platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) to induce the transformation of human oral mucosa fibroblast (hOMF) into CAFs, and extracted exosomes from the supernatant of CAFs and hOMF. We validated the effect of CAFs-Exo on tumor progression by exosomes co-culture with Cal-27 and tumor-forming in nude mice. The cellular and exosomal transcriptomes were sequenced, and immune regulatory genes were screened and validated using mRNA-miRNA interaction network analysis in combination with publicly available databases.

Results

The results showed that CAFs-Exo had a stronger ability to promote OSCC proliferation and was associated with immunosuppression. We discovered that the presence of immune-related genes in CAFs-Exo may regulate the expression of PIGR, CD81, UACA, and PTTG1IP in Cal-27 by analyzing CAFs-Exo sequencing data and publicly available TCGA data. This may account for the ability of CAFs-Exo to exert immunomodulation and promote OSCC proliferation.

Conclusions

CAFs-Exo was found to be involved in tumor immune regulation through hsa-miR-139-5p, ACTR2 and EIF6, while PIGR, CD81, UACA and PTTG1IP may be potentially effective targets for the treatment of OSCC in the future.
Design of a real-world, prospective, longitudinal, observational study to compare vortioxetine with other standard of care antidepressant treatments in patients with major depressive disorder: a PatientsLikeMe survey
Authors: Raveendran Subhara , Singh Deepshikha , Burke Mary C. , McAuliffe-Fogarty Alicia H. , Parikh Sagar V. , McIntyre Roger S. , Roy Anit , Martin Michael , Chrones Lambros , Opler Mark G. A. , Blair Chris , McCue Maggie
Published: June 2023

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurrent psychiatric condition that presents challenges in responding to treatment and achieving long-term remission. To improve outcomes, a shared decision-making treatment approach with patient and healthcare practitioner (HCP) engagement is vital. PatientsLikeMe (PLM), a peer community of patients, provides information on MDD, symptoms, and treatment through forums and resources, helping patients stay engaged in their treatment journey. Data on PLM can be harnessed to gain insights into patient perspectives on MDD symptom management, medication switches, and treatment goals and measures.

Methods

This ongoing, decentralized, longitudinal, observational, prospective study is being conducted using the PLM platform in two parts, enrolling up to 500 patients with MDD in the United States aged ≥ 18 years to compare vortioxetine with other monotherapy antidepressants. The first qualitative component consists of a webinar and discussion forum with PLM community members with MDD, followed by a pilot for functionality testing to improve the study flow and questions in the quantitative survey. The quantitative component follows on the PLM platform, utilizing patient-reported assessments, over a 24-week period. Three surveys will be conducted at baseline and weeks 12 and 24 to collect data on patient global impression of improvement, depression severity, cognitive function, quality of life (QoL) and well-being, medication satisfaction, emotional blunting, symptoms of anhedonia and resilience, as well as goal attainment. Quantitative results will be compared between groups. The qualitative component is complete; patient recruitment is underway for the quantitative component, with results expected in late 2023.

Discussion

These results will help HCPs understand patient perspectives on the effectiveness of vortioxetine versus other monotherapy antidepressants in alleviating symptoms of MDD and improvements in QoL. Data from the PLM platform will support a patient goal-based treatment approach, as results can be shared by patients with their HCPs, providing them with insights on patient-centric goals, treatment management and adherence, as well as allowing them to observe changes in patient-related outcomes scores. Findings from the study will also help to optimize the PLM platform to build scalable solutions and connectivity within the community to better serve patients with MDD.
Analysis of multiple chronic disease characteristics in middle-aged and elderly South Koreans by exercise habits based on association rules mining algorithm
Authors: Huang Yingcheng , Su Yaqi , Byun Yonghyun , Lee Youngil , Kim Sangho
Published: June 2023

Background

The term, “multiple chronic diseases” (MCD), describes a patient with two or more chronic conditions simultaneously at the same time. Compared with general chronic diseases, it is linked to poorer health outcomes, more difficult clinical management, and higher medical expenses. Several existing MCD guidelines support a healthy lifestyle including regular physical activities but do not include specific exercise therapy recommendations. This study aimed to understand the prevalence and model of MCD in middle-aged and elderly South Koreans by comparing MCD characteristics with exercise habits, to provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of exercise therapy in these patients.

Methods

The data of 8477 participants aged > 45 years from the “2020 Korean Health Panel Survey” were used to analyze the current status of MCD in the middle-aged and elderly. The Chi-square test for categorical variables and the t-test for continuous variables. the used software was IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0.

Results

In this study, the morbidity rate of MCD was 39.1%. Those with MCD were more likely to be female (p < 0.001), seniors over 65 years of age (p < 0.001), with low education level, no regular exercise behavior (p < 0.01). Chronic renal failure (93.9%), depression (90.4%), and cerebrovascular disease (89.6%) were the top three diseases identified in patients with MCD. A total of 37 association rules were identified for the group of individuals who did not engage in regular exercise. This equated to 61% more than that of the regular exercise group, who showed only 23 association rules. In the extra association rules, cardiovascular diseases (150%), spondylosis (143%), and diabetes (125%) are the three chronic diseases with the highest frequency increase.

Conclusions

Association rule analysis is effective in studying the relationship between various chronic diseases in patients with MCD. It also effectively helps with the identification of chronic diseases that are more sensitive to regular exercise behaviors. The findings from this study may be used to formulate more appropriate and scientific exercise therapy for patients with MCD.
Rural-urban difference in meeting the need for healthcare and food among older adults: evidence from India
Authors: Das Jyoti , Kundu Sampurna , Hossain Babul
Published: June 2023

Background

Due to changes in demographic and epidemiological scenarios, and the gradual increase in the older population, India is yet to prepare for rising nutrition and health-related issues among older adults in the coming decades. While the process of ageing and its associated aspect has been found to have an urban-rural divide. Thus, this study examines rural/urban differences in unmet needs for food and healthcare among Indian older adults.

Methods

A sample of 31,464 older adults aged 60 years and above were considered in the study from the Longitudinal and Ageing Survey of India (LASI). The bivariate analysis was done using the sampling weights. Logistic regression and decomposition analysis was used to explain the rural-urban gap in the unmet needs for food and healthcare among Indian older adults.

Results

Rural older adults were more vulnerable to meeting the need for health and food than their urban counterparts. While factors that contributed majorly to the difference in unmet need for food between urban and rural were education (34.98%), social group (6.58%), living arrangements (3.34%) and monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) (2.84%). Similarly, for the unmet need for health, the factors that contributed the most to the rural-urban gap are education (28.2%), household size (2.32%), and MPCE (1.27%).

Conclusion

The study indicates more vulnerability among rural older adults than compared to urban older individuals. The targeted policy-level efforts should be initiated considering the economic and residential vulnerability identified in the study. There is a need for primary care services that can provide targeted help to older adults in rural communities.