bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Social Skills Shape Career Success in the Psychology Profession?
Authors: Otto Kathleen , Sobiraj Sonja , Schladitz Sandra , Vásquez Mauricio Esteban Garrido , Roe Robert , Mabunda Martin Baluku
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Building on social capital theory, we assumed that social skills (communication skills, cooperation skills) are essential for successful career development, particularly in social professions. Applying a mixed-method approach, we integrate data from a questionnaire study with 164 psychologists (Study 1) and an interview study with 20 psychologists (Study 2). In Study 1, we found communication skills to be related to objective career success (salary, position), whereas cooperation skills were associated with subjective career success (job satisfaction, goal attainment). Further, the interaction of communication and cooperation skills revealed marginal effects on career success. To gain a broader understanding of the self-estimated role of social skills, in Study 2 qualitative data were considered. In line with professional competence models, we found four broad categories of skills that psychologists report to be useful in their professional work. Social skills accounted for 35.5 % of the responses, highlighting their unique role in social professions.
On the Propagation Path of Magma‐Filled Dikes and Hydrofractures: The Competition Between External Stress, Internal Pressure, and Crack Length
Authors: Maccaferri F. , Smittarello D. , Pinel V. , Cayol V.
Published: March 2019

Mixed‐mode fluid‐filled cracks represent a common means of fluid transport within the Earth's crust. They often show complex propagation paths which may be due to interaction with crustal heterogeneities or heterogeneous crustal stress. Previous experimental and numerical studies focus on the interplay between fluid overpressure and external stress but neglect the effect of other crack parameters. In this study, we address the role of crack length on the propagation paths in the presence of an external heterogeneous stress field. We make use of numerical simulations of magmatic dike and hydrofracture propagation, carried out using a two‐dimensional boundary element model, and analogue experiments of air‐filled crack propagation into a transparent gelatin block. We use a 3‐D finite element model to compute the stress field acting within the gelatin block and perform a quantitative comparison between 2‐D numerical simulations and experiments. We show that, given the same ratio between external stress and fluid pressure, longer fluid‐filled cracks are less sensitive to the background stress, and we quantify this effect on fluid‐filled crack paths. Combining the magnitude of the external stress, the fluid pressure, and the crack length, we define a new parameter, which characterizes two end member scenarios for the propagation path of a fluid‐filled fracture. Our results have important implications for volcanological studies which aim to address the problem of complex trajectories of magmatic dikes (i.e., to forecast scenarios of new vents opening at volcanoes) but also have implications for studies that address the growth and propagation of natural and induced hydrofractures.
Time‐Dependent Hybrid Plasma Simulations of Lunar Electromagnetic Induction in the Solar Wind
Authors: Fuqua Haviland H. , Poppe A. R. , Fatemi S. , Delory G. T. , de Pater I.
Published: March 2019

Understanding the structure and composition of the lunar interior is fundamental to furthering our knowledge of the formation and subsequent evolution of the Earth‐Moon system. Among various methods, electromagnetic sounding is a valuable approach to constraining lunar interior structure. While Apollo‐era electromagnetic sounding analyses of lunar magnetometer observations reported constraints on the lunar interior structure, the presence of perturbing plasma currents and magnetic fields was often regarded as a second‐order correction. Here, we use AMITIS, a three‐dimensional, time‐dependent hybrid plasma model with a conducting lunar interior to demonstrate that electromagnetic fields from the lunar wake and from the lunar interior interact and thereby alter geophysically induced electromagnetic fields. Our results indicate that electromagnetic sounding of airless bodies interacting with a conductive plasma and exposed to a time‐varying magnetic field must be interpreted via plasma models in order to untangle plasma and induced field contributions.
Two Hundred Fifty Years of Reconstructed South Asian Summer Monsoon Intensity and Decadal‐Scale Variability
Authors: Bryan Sean P. , Hughen Konrad A. , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Farrar J. Thomas
Published: March 2019

Climate model simulations of the summer South Asian monsoon predict increased rainfall in response to anthropogenic warming. However, instrumental data show a decline in Indian rainfall in recent decades, underscoring the critical need for additional, independent records of past monsoon variability. Here, we present new reconstructions of annual summer South Asian Monsoon circulation over the past 250 years, based on the geochemical barium‐calcium signature of dust present in Red Sea corals. These records reveal how monsoon circulation has evolved with warming climate and indicate a significant multi‐century long monsoon intensification, with decreased multidecadal variance. Stronger monsoon circulation would have increased the moisture transport from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal over the Indian subcontinent. If these trends continue, the monsoon circulation and associated moisture transport and precipitation will remain strong and stable for several decades.
Shrinkage of East Asia Winter Monsoon Associated With Increased ENSO Events Since the Mid‐Holocene
Authors: Wu J. , Liu Q. , Cui Q. Y. , Xu D. K. , Wang L. , Shen C. M. , Chu G. Q. , Liu J. Q.
Published: March 2019

Instrumental records indicate a close relationship between the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) on interannual to decadal time scales. However, few studies have examined possible links between them on centennial/millennial time scales. In Northeast China, modern observations show that the immigration of temperate forest trees such as Pinus (pine) and Quercus (oak) into cold temperate boreal forest is sensitive to changes in winter temperature. Here we present a continuous high‐resolution pollen record from Lake Moon in the central part of the Great Khingan Mountain Range, Northeast China. The record reveals increasing contents of Pinus and Quercus pollen after ~6.0 ka cal. BP, which may indicate a gradual weakening of the EAWM. It is broadly coupled with an increasing El Niño frequency since the middle Holocene, and we observe a statistically significant correlation between the percentages of Pinus and Quercus and a time series of El Niño events. On the centennial to millennial time scale, the results of wavelet analysis and band‐pass filtering show that the occurrence and development of El Niño have also promoted a weaker EAWM after ~6.0 ka cal. BP, which is inversely correlated with the variation of the ca. 500‐year cycle originated from changes in solar output. These results imply that the climate transition in the mid‐Holocene is caused by the change of variations in solar activity and amplified by ocean circulation El Niño‐Southern Oscillation to influence the East Asian Monsoon system, especially the EAWM, and finally change the vegetation in Great Khingan Mountain Range.
Prescribing Zonally Asymmetric Ozone Climatologies in Climate Models: Performance Compared to a Chemistry‐Climate Model
Authors: Rae Cameron D. , Keeble James , Hitchcock Peter , Pyle John A.
Published: March 2019

Three different methods of specifying ozone in an atmosphere‐only version of the HadGEM3‐A global circulation model are compared to the coupled chemistry configuration of this model. These methods include a specified zonal‐mean ozone climatology, a specified 3‐D ozone climatology, and a calculated‐asymmetry scheme in which a specified zonal‐mean ozone field is adapted online to be consistent with dynamically produced zonal asymmetries. These simulations all use identical boundary conditions and, by construction, have the same climatological zonal‐mean ozone, that of the coupled chemistry configuration of the model. Prescribing ozone, regardless of scheme, results in a simulation which is 3–4 times faster than the coupled chemistry‐climate model (CCM). Prescribing climatological zonal asymmetries leads to a vortex which is the correct intensity but which is systematically displaced over regions with lower prescribed ozone. When zonal asymmetries in ozone are free to evolve interactively with model dynamics, the modeled wintertime stratospheric vortex shape and mean sea level pressure patterns closely resemble that produced by the full CCM in both hemispheres, in terms of statistically significant differences. Further, we separate out the two distinct pathways by which zonal ozone asymmetries influence modeled dynamics. We present this interactive‐ozone zonal‐asymmetry scheme as an inexpensive tool for accurately modeling the impacts of dynamically consistent ozone fields as seen in a CCM which ultimately influence mean sea level pressure and tropospheric circulation (particularly during wintertime in the Northern Hemisphere, when ozone asymmetries are generally largest), without the computational burden of simulating interactive chemistry.
An Artificial Neural Networks‐Based Tree Ring Width Proxy System Model for Paleoclimate Data Assimilation
Authors: Fang Miao , Li Xin
Published: March 2019

Constructing suitable tree ring width (TRW) proxy system models (PSMs) is an emerging research focus in paleoclimate data assimilation (PDA). Currently, however, it is unknown as to which TRW PSMs are optimal for practical PDA applications. This study proposes an artificial neural networks (ANN)‐based TRW PSM and compares its performance with those of existing TRW PSMs, including linear univariate model, linear multivariate model, and physically based VS‐Lite model. The results show that ANN‐based TRW PSM is more suitable for practical PDA applications than other three TRW PSMs in terms of performance and universality. Overall, the performances of the four TRW PSMs in PDA can be ranked as follows (from best to worst): ANN, linear multivariate model, linear univariate model, and physically based VS‐Lite model. In addition, the results of our study not only indicate that the ANN model is a really effective tool for constructing TRW PSM in practical PDA applications but also imply that the ANN model has the potential to provide new insights into the construction of other types of PSMs (e.g., speleothem δ18O PSM) when physics of the climate‐proxy relationships cannot be described fully in advance.
Groundwater Flow Quantification in Fractured Rock Boreholes Using Active Distributed Temperature Sensing Under Natural Gradient Conditions
Authors: Maldaner Carlos H. , Munn Jonathan D. , Coleman Thomas I. , Molson John W. , Parker Beth L.
Published: March 2019

Detection and quantification of groundwater flow in fractures is challenging due to its irregular distribution and fine scale, requiring intensive and depth‐discrete field data collection along boreholes. This study presents a new method using fiber optic active distributed temperature sensing (A‐DTS) in sealed boreholes to efficiently quantify depth‐discrete flow rates along the full length of a bedrock borehole. The method combines field data and numerical modeling to quantify groundwater flow rates under natural gradient conditions, which is important for assessing groundwater flow and contaminant transport. An empirical relationship between enhanced heat dissipation and groundwater flow rates is determined using a numerical model of groundwater flow and heat transport for a system of idealized parallel plate fractures in a homogeneous porous rock with negligible flow through the rock matrix. The empirical relationship is applied to a detailed profile of apparent thermal conductivity measured using A‐DTS that combines the effect of rock thermal properties and groundwater flow. In zones with no flow, the A‐DTS‐derived apparent thermal conductivity matches the laboratory effective rock thermal conductivity values measured independently. Local increases of A‐DTS apparent thermal conductivity relative to the rock matrix thermal conductivity can be used to estimate groundwater flow rates using the empirical relationship. The results are in reasonable agreement with straddle pacer tracer dilution tests in the same borehole, which helps to validate the approach. This new approach allows identification of active flow zones and quantification of flow rates and can be efficiently applied in single or multiple boreholes.
Advancing Opportunistic Sensing in Hydrology: A Novel Approach to Measuring Rainfall With Ordinary Surveillance Cameras
Authors: Jiang Shijie , Babovic Vladan , Zheng Yi , Xiong Jianzhi
Published: March 2019

“Opportunistic sensing” represents an appealing idea for collecting unconventional data with broad spatial coverage and high resolution, but few studies have explored its feasibility in hydrology. This study develops a novel approach to measuring rainfall intensity in real‐world conditions based on videos acquired by ordinary surveillance cameras. The proposed approach employs a convex optimization algorithm to effectively decompose a rainy image into two layers: a pure rain‐streak layer and a rain‐free background layer, where the rain streaks represent the motion blur of falling raindrops. Then, it estimates the instantaneous rainfall intensity via geometrical optics and photographic analyses. We investigated the effectiveness and robustness of our approach through synthetic numerical experiments and field tests. The major findings are as follows. First, the decomposition‐based identification algorithm can effectively recognize rain streaks from complex backgrounds with many disturbances. Compared to existing algorithms that consider only the temporal changes in grayscale between frames, the new algorithm successfully prevents false identifications by considering the intrinsic visual properties of rain streaks. Second, the proposed approach demonstrates satisfactory estimation accuracy and is robust across a wide range of rainfall intensities. The proposed approach has a mean absolute percentage error of 21.8%, which is significantly lower than those of existing approaches reported in the literature even though our approach was applied to a more complicated scene acquired using a lower‐quality device. Overall, the proposed low‐cost, high‐accuracy approach to vision‐based rain gauging significantly enhances the possibility of using existing surveillance camera networks to perform opportunistic hydrology sensing.
Slow‐Growing and Extended‐Duration Seismicity Swarms: Reactivating Joints or Foliations in the Cahuilla Valley Pluton, Central Peninsular Ranges, Southern California
Authors: Hauksson Egill , Ross Zachary E. , Cochran Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

Three prolific earthquake swarms and numerous smaller ones have occurred since 1980 in the Mesozoic igneous plutonic rocks of the Perris block of the Peninsular Ranges, Southern California. The major swarms occurred in 1980–1981, 1983–1984, and 2016–2018, with the latest swarm still ongoing. These swarms have no clear mainshock, with the largest events ofML3.6,ML3.7, andMw4.4. Each successive swarm had larger cumulative seismic moment release with about 314 and 411 events ofM ≥ 1.5, while the third swarm has produced about 451 events ofM ≥ 1.5 (as of September 2018). The concurrent strike‐slip faulting occurred on north to northwest striking planes but with no orthogonal northeast trending seismicity alignments. These shallow swarms are probably driven by intrablock Pacific‐North America plate boundary stress loading of the two bounding major late Quaternary strike‐slip faults, the Elsinore and San Jacinto faults. The state of stress within the Cahuilla Valley pluton has a ~40° angle between the maximum principal stress and the average trend of the swarms, suggesting that migrating pore fluid pressures aid in the formation and growth of zones of weakness. These swarms, which last more than 600 days each, exhibit clear bilateral spatial migration for distances of up to ~7–8 km and reach their full length in about 20 months. The slow spatial‐temporal development of the swarms corresponds to a fluid diffusivity of 0.006 to 0.01 m2/s, consistent with very low permeability rocks as expected for this block. There is no geodetic or other evidence for a slow slip event driving the swarms.
Has Nitrogen Supply to Coral Reefs in the South Pacific Ocean Changed Over the Past 50 Thousand Years?
Authors: Erler Dirk V. , Shepherd Benjamin O. , Linsley Braddock K. , Nothdurft Luke D. , Hua Quan , Lough Janice M.
Published: March 2019

Tropical islands can facilitate surface ocean biological productivity by enhancing the supply of nitrogen to the euphotic zone. Yet in the world's most oligotrophic oceanic region, the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre (SPSG), this “island mass effect” appears diminished. If this is the case, where did island coral reefs in the SPSG get their nitrogen from, and has this changed over time? Here we use coral skeleton isotopes (δ15N and δ18O) and element/Ca ratios to identify the sources of nitrogen to a late Pleistocene coral reef in the SPSG (Cook Islands); we then compare these results to modern corals in the same region. The supply of nitrogen to the late Pleistocene reef appears dominated by upwelling of subsurface nitrogen during cool dry events, supplemented with nitrogen from island‐induced N2 fixation (27 ± 3%) during warm wet periods. For the modern corals, N2 fixation supplies nitrogen to the island reefs during cool dry periods with groundwater providing nitrogen during wet periods. We propose that the subsurface supply of nitrogen to the modern reefs has declined as a result of reduced upwelling but this supply has been replaced with increasing nitrogen discharge from groundwater and an increase in island‐induced N2 fixation.
Author Correction: Single-cell profiling reveals heterogeneity and functional patterning of GPCR expression in the vascular system
Authors: Kaur H. , Carvalho J. , Looso M. , Singh P. , Chennupati R. , Preussner J. , Günther S. , Albarrán-Juárez J. , Tischner D. , Classen S. , Offermanns S. , Wettschureck N.
Published: March 2019

The original version of this Article omitted the following from the Acknowledgements: ‘This project was supported by CRC128/Project A03 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).’This has not been corrected in either the PDF or HTML versions.
The negative emission potential of alkaline materials
Authors: Renforth Phil
Published: March 2019

7 billion tonnes of alkaline materials are produced globally each year as a product or by-product of industrial activity. The aqueous dissolution of these materials creates high pH solutions that dissolves CO2to store carbon in the form of solid carbonate minerals or dissolved bicarbonate ions. Here we show that these materials have a carbon dioxide storage potential of 2.9–8.5 billion tonnes per year by 2100, and may contribute a substantial proportion of the negative emissions required to limit global temperature change to <2 °C.
Author Correction: One-out-of-two Quantum Oblivious Transfer based on Nonorthogonal States
Authors: Chou Yao-Hsin , Zeng Guo-Jyun , Kuo Shu-Yu
Published: March 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Development of the urogenital system is regulated via the 3′UTR of GDNF
Authors: Li Hao , Jakobson Madis , Ola Roxana , Gui Yujuan , Kumar Anmol , Sipilä Petra , Sariola Hannu , Kuure Satu , Andressoo Jaan-Olle
Published: March 2019

Mechanisms controlling ureter lenght and the position of the kidney are poorly understood. Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) induced RET signaling is critical for ureteric bud outgrowth, but the function of endogenous GDNF in further renal differentiation and urogenital system development remains discursive. Here we analyzed mice where 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of GDNF is replaced with sequence less responsive to microRNA-mediated regulation, leading to increased GDNF expression specifically in cells naturally transcribing Gdnf. We demonstrate that increased Gdnf leads to short ureters in kidneys located in an abnormally caudal position thus resembling human pelvic kidneys. High GDNF levels expand collecting ductal progenitors at the expense of ureteric trunk elongation and result in expanded tip and short trunk phenotype due to changes in cell cycle length and progenitor motility. MEK-inhibition rescues these defects suggesting that MAPK-activity mediates GDNF’s effects on progenitors. Moreover, Gdnf   hyper mice are infertile likely due to effects of excess GDNF on distal ureter remodeling. Our findings suggest that dysregulation of GDNF levels, for example via alterations in 3′UTR, may account for a subset of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and/or congenital infertility cases in humans and pave way to future studies.
White spaces, music notation and the facilitation of sight-reading
Authors: Stenberg Arild , Cross Ian
Published: March 2019

The use of interword separation has consistently been proven to enhance fluency in reading language scripts. At the same time, neurophysiological evidence has shown that music and language scripts can activate very similar neural circuitry that integratively encodes the symbols that comprise them. By analogy to interword separations in language, we hypothesize that visual separation cues in musical scores should facilitate music reading. We report an experiment in which separating short fragments of musical discourse by vertical white gaps in the notation enhanced sight-reading fluency by significantly reducing the number of mistakes that musicians made when reading the scores without previous preparation. These results are in accordance with a view of music reading as sharing cognitive strategies with language reading; they have significant implications for our understanding of the acquisition of musical literacy and for the design of musical scores, and for our knowledge of the sense-making processes involved in reading in general.
The genome of the arapaima (Arapaima gigas) provides insights into gigantism, fast growth and chromosomal sex determination system
Authors: Du Kang , Wuertz Sven , Adolfi Mateus , Kneitz Susanne , Stöck Matthias , Oliveira Marcos , Nóbrega Rafael , Ormanns Jenny , Kloas Werner , Feron Romain , Klopp Christophe , Parrinello Hugues , Journot Laurent , He Shunping , Postlethwait John , Meyer Axel , Guiguen Yann , Schartl Manfred
Published: March 2019

We have sequenced the genome of the largest freshwater fish species of the world, the arapaima. Analysis of gene family dynamics and signatures of positive selection identified genes involved in the specific adaptations and unique features of this iconic species, in particular it’s large size and fast growth. Genome sequences from both sexes combined with RAD-tag analyses from other males and females led to the isolation of male-specific scaffolds and supports an XY sex determination system in arapaima. Whole transcriptome sequencing showed that the product of the gland-like secretory organ on the head surface of males and females may not only provide nutritional fluid for sex-unbiased parental care, but that the organ itself has a more specific function in males, which engage more in parental care.
Sub lethal levels of platinum nanoparticle cures plasmid and in combination with carbapenem, curtails carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Bharathan Subhashree , Sundaramoorthy Niranjana Sri , Chandrasekaran Harini , Rangappa Gagana , ArunKumar GaneshPrasad , Subramaniyan Siva Bala , Veerappan Anbazhagan , Nagarajan Saisubramanian
Published: March 2019

Drug resistance traits are rapidly disseminated across bacteria by horizontal gene transfer, especially through plasmids. Plasmid curing agents that are active both in vitro and in vivo will resensitize Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria to antimicrobial agents. Pectin capped platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) at sub MIC (20 µM) concentration was effective, in causing loss of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) harboring plasmid as evidenced by, absence of plasmid in agarose gel and by a concomitant (16–64 fold) drop in MIC for cell wall inhibitors ceftriaxone and meropenem, in carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli (CREC). Interestingly, the plasmid cured strain exhibited small colony morphology and displayed slower growth both in vitro and in vivo. Complementation of cured strain with plasmid from the wild type strain restored resistance towards meropenem and ceftriaxone. Relative to wild type, plasmid cured strain displayed 50% reduction in biofilm formation. Plasmid curing also occurred in vivo in infected zebrafish with curing efficiency of 17% for nanoparticle + meropenem treatment. PtNPs + meropenem reduced bioburden of CREC in infected zebrafish by 2.4 log CFU. Mechanistic studies revealed that nanoparticle interacted with cell surface and perturbed inner membrane integrity. PtNPs did not induce ROS, yet it caused plasmid DNA cleavage, as evidenced by gyrase inhibition assay. Our study for the first time reveals that PtNPs as plasmid curing agent can resensitize MDR bacteria to selective antimicrobial agents in vivo.
Myeloid cell TNFR1 signaling dependent liver injury and inflammation upon BCG infection
Authors: Chavez-Galan Leslie , Vesin Dominique , Blaser Guillaume , Uysal Husnu , Benmerzoug Sulayman , Rose Stéphanie , Ryffel Bernhard , Quesniaux Valérie F. J. , Garcia Irene
Published: March 2019

TNF plays a critical role in mononuclear cell recruitment during acute Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection leading to an effective immune response with granuloma formation, but may also cause tissue injury mediated by TNFR1 or TNFR2. Here we investigated the role of myeloid and T cell specific TNFR1 and R2 expression, and show that absence of TNFR1 in myeloid cells attenuated liver granuloma formation and liver injury in response to acute BCG infection, while TNFR2 expressed in myeloid cells contributed only to liver injury. TNFR1 was the main receptor controlling cytokine production by liver mononuclear cells after antigenic specific response, modified CD4/CD8 ratio and NK, NKT and regulatory T cell recruitment. Further analysis of CD11b+CD3+ phagocytic cells revealed a TCRαβ expressing subpopulation of unknown function, which increased in response to BCG infection dependent of TNFR1 expression on myeloid cells. In conclusion, TNFR1 expressed by myeloid cells plays a critical role in mononuclear cell recruitment and injury of the liver after BCG infection.
Evidence of Environmental Changes Caused by Chinese Island-Building
Authors: Smith Leland , Cornillon Peter , Rudnickas Don , Mouw Colleen B.
Published: March 2019

This paper quantifies environmental effects of island-building operations in the South China Sea, which result from dredging and can negatively impact marine flora, fauna, and ecosystems. The extent of the damage caused by island-creation is believed to be large, as the South China Sea reefs support the largest concentration of marine biodiversity on Earth. Through use of satellite imagery, we investigate the island-construction on Mischief Reef in the South China Sea, showing backscatter increases of up to 350% in waters surrounding the reef, with plumes of excess sediment exceeding 250 km2 at times during island-construction, and the cumulative area impacted by dredging exceeding 1,200 km2. Comparison of satellite-derived chlorophyll-a, backscatter, absorption and remote sensing reflectance at 412 nm suggest that dredging activities led to a decrease in biological health of the region resulting from the smothering of natural benthic habitats and reef complexes with sediment. We anticipate this ex post facto quantification of the connectivity between island-construction, large particulate plumes and a decrease in absorption related to marine life in the water column to establish a starting point for further study into ecosystem impact. The potential associations between these damages and a long-term reduction in ocean life and resources could serve inter-governmental bodies with a baseline metric for evaluating the level of damage caused. This may result in both forward-looking deterrent policies that limit island-building as well as backward-looking compensation.
Effects of GADL1 overexpression on cell migration and the associated morphological changes
Authors: Wu Tai-Na , Chen Chih-Ken , Liu I-Chao , Wu Lawrence Shih-Hsin , Cheng Andrew Tai-Ann
Published: March 2019

Lithium has been used for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder, but drug response varies among patients. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in glutamate decarboxylase–like protein 1 (GADL1) are found to be associated with lithium response in Han Chinese bipolar patients. In this study, we assessed GADL1 function using a neuroblastoma cell line that stably overexpressed GADL1. Genes encoding factors involved in cell migration, such as FN1, ITGA2, ITGAV and CCL2, were downregulated in GADL1-overexpressing cells. GADL1 overexpression indeed suppressed cell migration. Cell migration speed and perimeter length exhibited similar trends, both of which were decreased under GADL1 overexpression or lithium treatment but increased upon stimulation with CCL2. Secreted GADL1 or its enzyme product, taurine, in the conditioned medium might exert only mild effects on the observed changes. Compared with SH-SY5Y cells, GADL1-overexpressing cells were much more sensitive to CCL2 treatment but less sensitive to lithium, indicating that the level of GADL1 expression can affect cell sensitivity to lithium or  CCL2 treatment. Together, these results suggest that cell migration and related morphological changes might provide good indicators of the sensitivity toward lithium treatment, and the GADL1 stable overexpression cell line might serve as a useful platform to screen novel therapeutics for bipolar disorder.
Different Niemann-Pick C1 Genotypes Generate Protein Phenotypes that Vary in their Intracellular Processing, Trafficking and Localization
Authors: Shammas Hadeel , Kuech Eva-Maria , Rizk Sandra , Das Anibh M. , Naim Hassan Y.
Published: March 2019

Niemann-Pick Type C (NP-C) is an inherited neurovisceral lysosomal storage disease characterized by a defect in the trafficking of endocytosed cholesterol. In 95% of patients the gene encoding NPC1 is affected. The correlation of the genetic background in NP-C with the clinical phenotype such as, severity and onset of liver dysfunction, ataxia, dystonia and vertical gaze palsy, has not been elucidated at the molecular level. We have designed strategies to investigate the effect of different mutations in the NPC1 gene at the protein and cellular levels. The NPC1 mutants were expressed in mammalian cells and their structural features, maturation pathways and subcellular localization elucidated. Interestingly, three classes of NPC1 mutants could be identified and further characterized. The first group comprised mutants in which the NPC1 protein revealed virtually similar structural features to the wild type species. It was trafficked to the lysosomes and colocalized with the lysosomal protein marker Lamp2. The second class of NPC1 mutants was only partially trafficked to the lysosomes, but predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the third group with the most severe phenotype, NPC1 mutants were entirely retained in the ER, colocalizing with the ER-protein marker calnexin. In conclusion, this study relates NPC1 mutations to the trafficking behavior of the NPC1 mutants along the secretory pathway. The findings are essential for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of NP-C and propose a mutation-based personalized therapeutical approach.
Assessment of dynamic bioaccessibility of curcumin encapsulated in milled starch particle stabilized Pickering emulsions using TNO's gastrointestinal model
Authors: Lu Xuanxuan , Zhu Jieyu , Pan Yijun , Huang Qingrong
Published: March 2019

In vitrodigestion of curcumin encapsulated Pickering emulsions stabilized by milled starch particles.
Stimulating bioplastic production with light energy by couplingRalstonia eutrophawith the photocatalyst graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Xu Mengying , Tremblay Pier-Luc , Jiang Linlin , Zhang Tian
Published: March 2019

The photocatalyst g-C3N4provides visible light-derived energy toRalstonia eutrophaand improves 1.4 times the heterotrophic production of polyhydroxybutyrate.
Identification of nanoparticles and their localization in algal biofilm by 3D-imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Benettoni Pietro , Stryhanyuk Hryhoriy , Wagner Stephan , Kollmer Felix , Moreno Osorio Jairo H. , Schmidt Matthias , Reemtsma Thorsten , Richnow Hans-Hermann
Published: March 2019

ToF-SIMS boundaries were pushed to enhance lateral resolution and mass resolving power for chemical imaging of nanoparticles in biological systems.
Ultrathin Ta2O5 electron-selective contacts for high efficiency InP solar cells
Authors: Narangari Parvathala Reddy , Karuturi Siva Krishna , Wu Yiliang , Wong-Leung Jennifer , Vora Kaushal , Lysevych Mykhaylo , Wan Yimao , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Mokkapati Sudha
Published: March 2019

This work demonstrates stoichiometric Ta2O5 ultrathin layer as a novel and efficient electron-selective contact for planar InP heterojunction solar cells achieving an efficiency of 19.1% and a highest ever reported open circuit voltage of 822 mV.
Alkyl coupling in tertiary amines as analog of Guerbet condensation reaction
Authors: Zhou Yage , Wu Dan , Hernández Willinton Yesid , Ma Changru , Su Huangyang , Ordomsky Vitaly
Published: March 2019

C–C coupling in tertiary amines for the synthesis of fatty and hindered amines proceeds efficiently over supported Pt and Pd catalysts.
Bioactivities and molecular networking-based elucidation of metabolites of potent actinobacterial strains isolated from the Unkeshwar geothermal springs in India
Authors: Mehetre Gajanan T. , J. S. Vinodh , Burkul Bhushan B. , Desai D. , B Santhakumari , Dharne Mahesh S. , Dastager Syed G.
Published: March 2019

The bioactive potential of Actinobacteria endemic to hot springs has rarely been investigated.
Enhancing the colorimetric detection of H2O2and ascorbic acid on polypyrrole coated fluconazole-functionalized POMOFs
Authors: Li Xiao , Sun Longjiang , Yang Xiya , Zhou Kunfeng , Zhang Gongguo , Tong Zhibo , Wang Cheng , Sha Jingquan
Published: March 2019

For the first time, a bifunctional colorimetric biosensing platform has been developed, based on a polypyrrole coated fluconazole-functionalized polyoxometalate-based metal–organic framework with ultrahigh stability for the enhanced detection of H2O2and ascorbic acid.
Sub-ppm level high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy of selenium in articular cartilage
Authors: Bissardon C. , Proux O. , Bureau S. , Suess E. , Winkel L. H. E. , Conlan R. S. , Francis L. W. , Khan I. M. , Charlet L. , Hazemann J. L. , Bohic S.
Published: March 2019

Selenium speciation down to 400 ppb within articular cartilage was demonstrated through high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy coupled to an array of crystal analyzers.
Controlling the morphological evolution of a particle-stabilized binary-component system
Authors: Li Tao , Klebes Jason , Dobnikar Jure , Clegg Paul S.
Published: March 2019

This work bridges the morphological evolution in particle-stabilized low molecular weight liquids and that in polymer blends.
Iron-catalyzed oxidative C–C(vinyl) σ-bond cleavage of allylarenes to aryl aldehydes at room temperature with ambient air
Authors: Liu Binbin , Cheng Lu , Hu Penghui , Xu Fangning , Li Dan , Gu Wei-Jin , Han Wei
Published: March 2019

The iron-catalyzed C−C single bond cleavage and oxidation of allylarenes without the assistance of heteroatoms/directing groups to produce aryl aldehydes is disclosed.
Correction: Electronic spectrum and characterization of diabatic potential energy surfaces for thiophenol
Authors: Zhang Linyao , Truhlar Donald G. , Sun Shaozeng
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘Electronic spectrum and characterization of diabatic potential energy surfaces for thiophenol’ by Linyao Zhang et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 28144–28154.
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of new manganese metal carbonyl compounds that contain sulfur and selenium ligands as a promising new class of CORMs
Authors: Amorim André L. , Peterle Marcos M. , Guerreiro Ana , Coimbra Daniel F. , Heying Renata S. , Caramori Giovani F. , Braga Antonio L. , Bortoluzzi Adailton J. , Neves Ademir , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L. , Peralta Rosely A.
Published: March 2019

Three new manganese carbonyl compounds with heavy atom donors were synthesized and their potential use as photoCORMS was evaluated.
Work function-tailored graphene via transition metal encapsulation as a highly active and durable catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Sharma Monika , Jang Jue-Hyuk , Shin Dong Yun , Kwon Jeong An , Lim Dong-Hee , Choi Daeil , Sung Hukwang , Jang Jeonghee , Lee Sang-Young , Lee Kwan Young , Park Hee-Young , Jung Namgee , Yoo Sung Jong
Published: March 2019

A novel design concept of a three-dimensional graphene shell encapsulated cobalt nanostructure as a new route to tune the work function of graphene for enhanced ORR.
Room temperature catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclic amines with the liberation of H2using water as a solvent
Authors: Sahoo Manoj K. , Balaraman Ekambaram
Published: March 2019

Catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclic amines, in particular partially saturated N-heterocycles to N-heterocyclic arenes, with the removal of molecular hydrogen as the sole byproduct in water is reported. This dehydrogenation reaction proceeds smoothly under very mild and benign conditions and operates at room temperature.
FI-ICP-TOFMS for high-throughput and low volume multi-element analysis in environmental and biological matrices
Authors: Theiner Sarah , Schoeberl Anna , Neumayer Sophie , Koellensperger Gunda
Published: March 2019

The capabilities of flow injection inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (FI-ICP-TOFMS) were evaluated for accurate multi-element analysis addressing water and serum reference materials with a sample intake of 5 μL in comparison to FI-ICP-MS/MS analysis.
Graphitic carbon nitride synthesized by simple pyrolysis: role of precursor in photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Ismael Mohammed , Wu Ying , Taffa Dereje H. , Bottke Patrick , Wark Michael
Published: March 2019

g-C3N4 with structural defects and low polymerization synthesized by urea as the precursor for photocatalytic H2 production under visible light.
Facile synthesis of CuO nanochains as high-rate anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Ping , Gou Xiao-Xia , Xin Sen , Cao Fei-Fei
Published: March 2019

1D CuO nanochains promote charge transfer at the electrode|electrolyte interface and exhibit excellent rate performance and stable electrochemistry.
Selective synthesis of spirooxindoles via a two-step reaction of N-phenacylpyridinium bromide, 1,3-indanedione and N-alkylisations
Authors: Sun Jing , Zhang Yu , Shi Rong-Guo , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: March 2019

The three-component reaction resulted in the unique spiro[indoline-3,4′-naphtho[1,2-b]furan] derivatives, which were converted to spiro[indoline-3,2′-naphthalen]-4′-yl acetates by acylation and alkoxy-substituted spiro[benzo[h]chromene-5,3′-indolines] by acid catalyzed etherification.
A chiral bicyclic skeleton-tethered bipyridine–Zn(OTf)2 complex as a Lewis acid: enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroalkenes
Authors: Venkatanna Kesa , Yeswanth Kumar Santhakumar , Karthick Muthupandi , Padmanaban Ramanathan , Ramaraj Ramanathan Chinnasamy
Published: March 2019

Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with trans-β-nitroarylalkenes is accomplished in the presence of a CRCB-tethered bipyridine–Zn(OTf)2 complex.
Deoxygenative cross-electrophile coupling of benzyl chloroformates with aryl iodides
Authors: Pan Yingying , Gong Yuxin , Song Yanhong , Tong Weiqi , Gong Hegui
Published: March 2019

We disclose herein a Ni-catalyzed benzyl C–O bond radical fragmentation/cross-electrophile coupling of benzyl chloroformates with aryl iodides to generate diaryl methane derivatives.
Mechanisms of isomerization and oxidation in heated trilinolein by DFT method
Authors: Li Changmo , Ma Guiting , Yao Yunping , Liu Wentao , Zhou Hang , Mu Hongyan , Wang Shuo
Published: March 2019

In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the heat-induced cis/trans isomerization and oxidative cleavage of trilinolein, a highly purified sample was heated at a range of temperatures (120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220 °C) for 5 h.
Synthesis, characterization and chemical degradation of poly(ester-triazole)s derived from d-galactose
Authors: Rivas M. Verónica , Petroselli Gabriela , Erra-Balsells Rosa , Varela Oscar , Kolender Adriana A.
Published: March 2019

Carbohydrate-derived poly(ester-triazoles), soluble in organic solvents and degradable in aqueous media, have been synthesized by CuAAC or thermal polymerization.
An anisotropic three-dimensional electrospun micro/nanofibrous hybrid PLA/PCL scaffold
Authors: Dong Xufeng , Zhang Jingying , Pang Lu , Chen Junting , Qi Min , You Shijie , Ren Nanqi
Published: March 2019

A modified electrospinning receiving system is developed to prepare a micro/nanofibrous polylactide/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) hybrid scaffold with anisotropic structure and better biocompatibility.
Cannabinoid receptor 2 deletion deteriorates myocardial infarction through the down-regulation of AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling-mediated autophagy
Authors: Hu Yao , Tao Yu , Hu Jing
Published: March 2019

Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) has been reported to play an important role in the regulation of pathogenesis and progression of myocardial infarction (MI). Here we tried to investigate its potential mechanisms. The ratio of infarct size in heart issue was detected by TTC staining, and cardiac functions were calculated according to echocardiographic evaluation. Cell viability in cardiomyocytes was investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. Western blot was used to detect autophagy-related proteins including Beclin-1, LC3, p62, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin rabbit (mTOR)-p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling-related proteins including AMPK, mTOR, p70S6K, and their phosphorylation formation. Rapamycin was used for the induction of autophagy. Cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were detected for analyzing apoptosis. TEM was used for the detection of autophagosomes. We found that CB2R deletion (CB2R KO) largely deteriorated the severity of MI and the cardiac function as well as cell viability of cardiomyocytes. Knocking out CB2R decreased the level of autophagy in heart issues from MI mice as well as cardiomyocytes under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Furthermore, CB2R dysfunction significantly attenuated the cardiac protective effects of rapamycin both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we found that CB2R-mediated autophagy was induced by AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway. Our current study demonstrated for the first time that CB2R deletion led to a detrimental effect of MI through the dysfunction of AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway, which might provide a novel insight in the treatment of MI.
Certified Nursing Assistants Want to Use External Memory Aids for Residents With Dementia: Survey Results Within an Implementation Science Framework
Authors: Douglas Natalie F. , Affoo Rebecca H.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the self-perceived knowledge and self-efficacy of certified nursing assistants (CNAs) when using external memory aids to enhance the communication and independence of residents with dementia living in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).

Method

One hundred forty-four CNAs completed a measure pertaining to self-perceived knowledge and self-efficacy of external memory aids.

Results

CNAs had favorable beliefs about the usefulness of external memory aids to help both conversation and independence in activities of daily living for residents with dementia (
M
= 4.0,
SD
= 0.84;
M
= 3.92,
SD
= 0.85) on a 5-point Likert scale, with 5 =
strongly agree
and 1 =
strongly disagree
. There were no statistically significant differences between CNAs who reported being trained to use external memory aids with residents with dementia and CNAs who reported they were not trained according to items related to self-efficacy (
U
= 2203.5,
z
= −1.483,
p
= .138;
U
= 2179,
z
= −1.547,
p
= .122;
U
= 2115,
z
= −1.82,
p
= .069;
U
= 2320,
z
= −0.942,
p
= .346).

Conclusions

Results of this study indicated that the lack of uptake of external memory aids for residents with dementia in SNFs may not solely be due to lack of buy-in or lack of time on the part of the CNA. Speech-language pathologists should provide this training to support the uptake of external memory aids for residents with dementia; however, these data suggest that current training methods may not be considerate of the nuances of implementation. Speech-language pathologists and researchers should consider the finer aspects of theoretically grounded facilitation techniques as next steps to the broader implementation of this intervention for residents with dementia living in SNFs.
Third‐order non‐linearity reduction in a bidirectional CATV/RoF hybrid transmission system using incoherent light injection and RF amplifier pre‐distortion
Authors: Mukherjee Rahul , Mandal Gour Chandra , Das Binoy , Mallick Khaleda , Patra Ardhendu Sekhar
Published: March 2019

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a bidirectional Community Antenna Television/radio‐over‐fibre (RoF) hybrid transmission system based on incoherent light injection and RF amplifier pre‐distortion to reduce third‐order non‐linearity. At downlink, 10‐Gbps/30‐GHz data and 79 CATV channels are transmitted over 50 km single‐mode fibre (SMF), and at uplink 5‐Gbps/15‐GHz data and CATV signals are successfully transmitted concurrently over 50 km through the same SMF. The authors have found low bit‐error rate (BER) and clear eye diagrams for the RoF data signals, and obtained outstanding transmission performance in terms of carrier‐to‐noise ratio, composite second order, and composite triple‐beat for the CATV signals in downlink and uplink transmission.
Hybrid beamforming for downlink multiuser millimetre wave MIMO‐OFDM systems
Authors: Zhang Didi , Wang Yafeng , Li Xuehua , Xiang Wei
Published: March 2019

In this study, the authors consider multi‐user millimetre wave (mmWave) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) downlink communications for multi‐carrier scenarios, e.g. orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) a common analogue precoder and combiner for the transmitter and receiver to maximise spectral efficiency is the main challenge for multi‐carrier MIMO systems, they propose two methods to solve this problem. The first method designs the analogue precoder and combiner based on the channel average of all subcarriers, which helps reduce computational complexity. Moreover, the channels of all subcarriers can be viewed as a third‐order tensor, and the second method is based on tensor unfolding, which makes full use of the channel information of all subcarriers. When the common analogue precoder and combiner are fixed, they consider designing a digital precoder to maximise the signal‐to‐leakage‐plus‐noise ratio of each user in every subcarrier, which leads to closed‐form solutions compared with the block diagonal method. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed methods is close to that of the fully digital precoding method, and increasing the number of RF transceiver chains helps improve the performance of the proposed methods.