bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current State of Evidence for Use of MRI in LI‐RADS
Authors: Kulkarni Ameya Madhav , Kruse Danielle , Harper Kelly , Lam Eric , Osman Hoda , Ansari Danyaal H. , Sivanesan Umaseh , Bashir Mustafa R. , Costa Andreu F. , McInnes Matthew , van der Pol Christian B.
Published: February 2025

The American College of Radiology Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) is the preeminent framework for classification and risk stratification of liver observations on imaging in patients at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and the use of MRI in LI‐RADS is discussed, including specifically the LI‐RADS diagnostic algorithm, its components, and its reproducibility with reference to the latest supporting evidence. The LI‐RADS treatment response algorithms are reviewed, including the more recent radiation treatment response algorithm. The application of artificial intelligence, points of controversy, LI‐RADS relative to other liver imaging systems, and possible future directions are explored. After reading this article, the reader will have an understanding of the foundation and application of LI‐RADS as well as possible future directions.
Isoliquiritigenin, an Extract from Licorice, Attenuates Dexamethasone‐Induced Muscle Atrophy via Akt/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Jiao Xin , Zhang Yuxin , Wang Zengguang , Chang Hanwen , Li Yongjin , Wang Binbin , Gan Yaokai , Gu Dongyun
Published: February 2025

Muscle atrophy is a pathological condition characterized by the excessive degradation of muscle proteins, leading to impaired physical performance. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a promising extract known for its medical effects; however, its impact on muscle atrophy remains unclear. We investigated the effects of ISL on muscle atrophy both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that 5‐µM ISL exhibited no significant cytotoxicity on C2C12 cells, as reflected by cell count kit‐8 and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) tests. ISL increased the diameter of myotubes and downregulated forkhead box O proteins, muscle‐specific RING finger protein 1 (MuRF‐1), and Atrogin‐1 induced by Dexamethasone (Dex). ISL could also enhance the phosphorylation of Akt, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eIF4E‐binding protein 1, and p70 S6 kinase in C2C12 myotubes. In animal experiments, ISL increased the muscle mass, improved the cross‐sectional area of muscles, and inhibited the expression of MuRF‐1 and Atrogin‐1 in muscle tissues. For physical performance, ISL enhanced grip strength and running endurance. ISL ameliorated Dex‐induced muscle atrophy both in vitro and in vivo, associated with increased diameter of myotubes and decreased Atrogin‐1 and MuRF‐1 expression via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This suggested that ISL could be used as a natural drug for muscle atrophy.
Enhancing accuracy in proton therapy: The impact of geometric uncertainty models in head and neck cancer treatment
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chan Mark Ka Heng
Published: February 2025

Background

Anatomical changes present a major source of uncertainty in head and neck (H&N) cancer treatment. Accurate modeling of these changes is important for enhancing treatment precision and supporting better outcomes.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess different anatomical uncertainty modeling methods in robust optimization for H&N cancer proton therapy.

Methods

This retrospective study involved five nasopharynx radiotherapy patients. We compared conventional robust optimization with anatomical robust optimization (aRO): (1) conventional robust optimization (cRO‐3 mm), which used 3 mm setup shift and 3% range uncertainty. (2) aRO_AM which used three predicted images from an AM capturing systematic anatomical changes, with a 1 mm setup shift and 3% range uncertainty. (3) aRO_PM, which used three predicted images from a probability model (PM) capturing the most probable deformations, also with a 1 mm setup shift and 3% range uncertainty. We assessed weekly dose coverage of the clinical target volumes (CTVs). Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for grade 2 xerostomia and grade 2 dysphagia were calculated using the accumulated nominal dose (without errors).

Results

aRO_PM outperformed cRO‐3 mm and aRO_AM, consistently achieving V94 95% for all cases across treatment weeks. Additionally, aRO_PM reduced the NTCP for grade 2 xerostomia by an average of 4.88 %, with a maximum reduction of 8.03%, and reduced the NTCP for grade 2 dysphagia by an average of 1.80%, with a maximum reduction of 4.23 %.

Conclusion

The PM demonstrates potential for improving robust optimization by effectively managing anatomical uncertainties in H&N cancer proton therapy, thereby enhancing treatment effectiveness.
Effects of Myroxylon pereirae, Phenytoin, and Clinoptilolite After Pharyngocutaneous Fistula: An Experimental Animal Model
Authors: Pamuk Erim , Dogan Enes , Kurtulan Olcay , Güler Tezel Yeşim Gaye , Yiğit A. Arzu
Published: February 2025

Objective

The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative evaluation of the effects of Myroxylon pereirae (MP), phenytoin, and clinoptilolite on wound healing in an experimental animal model for the treatment of pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF).

Study Design

Prospective controlled animal study.

Setting

Animal laboratory.

Methods

Forty‐four male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: sham control group, MP group, phenytoin group, and clinoptilolite group. A PCF was created in each rat via surgical intervention, followed by a course of topical treatment administered twice daily for a period of 7 days. The healing of the fistula was evaluated both macroscopically and histopathologically.

Results

Macroscopic fistulae developed in 90% of the control group, 18% of the MP group, and 27% of the phenytoin group (P = .005). The phenytoin group had the lowest inflammation scores, which were significantly lower than the clinoptilolite and control groups (P = .006 and P = .001). The MP group had the highest levels of fibroblast proliferation and collagen accumulation (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). The level of inflammation and amount of fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and collagen accumulation in the clinoptilolite group was lower than in the control group, but none of these differences were significant statistically.

Conclusion

MP and phenytoin improved the healing of PCF, particularly by reducing the inflammation and promoting the of fibroblast proliferation and collagen accumulation. Clinoptilolite did not demonstrate a notable advantage in any of these parameters. These findings suggest that MP and phenytoin may serve as potential agents in the management of PCF.
A Little Known but Very Common Phenotype in Patients with Severe Congenital Neutropenia due to HAX1 Deficiency: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Kızılay Deniz Özalp , Karapınar Deniz Yılmaz , Karadaş Nihal , Karaoğlan Murat , Akbayram Sinan , Gökşen Damla , Gadashova Ayşe , Albayrak Serpil , Şahinoğlu Esra Pekpak , Orbak Zerrin , Bıçakçı Zafer , Akın Leyla , Albayrak Canan , Koç Cansu , Ünüvar Ayşegül , Anık Ahmet , Aral Yusuf Ziya , Cimbek Emine Ayça , Bahadır Ayşenur , Mete Cem , Özen Samim
Published: February 2025

Background

Autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) has been associated with homozygous variants in the HAX1 gene. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the gonadal function and pubertal development in pediatric patients with SCN due to HAX1 gene variant (HAX1‐SCN).

Methods

Forty‐five patients, including 24 females (median age 11.3 [1.5–31] years, 13 pubertal, 11 prepubertal), and 21 males (median age 9.5 (3–18.8) years, 7 pubertal, 14 prepubertal), followed in seven centers, were included. POI is defined as a menstrual disturbance with increased follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and low anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH). We classified prepubertal female patients as impending POI when they had low AMH and high FSH values, indicating impaired ovarian function.

Results

A homozygous single nucleotide insertion (position 130–131insA) leading to a premature stop codon; p.Trp44*(c.132G>A) variant in HAX1 gene was detected in 42 (93.3%) affected individuals. Other homozygous variants were p.Arg86*(c.256C>T) and p.Glu60Aspfs*25(c.180delA). We detected elevated serum FSH levels in 10/11 (90.9%) of prepubertal female patients, supporting the diagnosis of impending POI, and in 12/13 (92.3%) of pubertal female patients, classifying them as POI. All female patients had low AMH levels. Male patients did not exhibit gonadal insufficiency.

Conclusions

This is the first and largest case series covering early childhood to evaluate patients with HAX1‐SCN for gonadal function. It has been observed that pubertal females develop POI, prepubertal females are at increased risk for gonadal failure, and male patients are not affected. Our results suggest that HAX1 has an important role in ovarian maturation and/or function.
Development of an antimicrobial material made of graphene oxide, polylactic acid/polyhydroxybutyrate, and CuO nanoparticles and its reprocessing effect on its properties
Authors: Quilaqueo Sergio , Bruna Julio E. , Galotto María J. , Guarda Abel , Rodríguez‐Mercado Francisco J.
Published: February 2025

In the present study nanocomposites made of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), graphene oxide (GO), and copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles on three compositions (1, 3 and 5 wt%), obtained through melt extrusion were developed. Properties of the nanocomposites obtained in their first and second processing were evaluated, and characterized through colorimetry L*a*b*, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties (ASTM D638 standard), scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX) and antimicrobial activity under dynamic contact with ATCC25922 Escherichia coli. The obtained results of the first processing presented variations in color and crystallinity between different nanocomposites. Additionally, a higher antimicrobial activity was observed in the nanocomposites containing CuO, achieving up to 100% bacterial reduction at 3% nanoparticle content. When evaluating the influence of the second nanocomposites thermic processing, it could be seen an acceleration of the degradation process of the polymeric chains in addition to an improvement in the dispersion of the nanoparticles, which reduced their agglomeration and generated variations on the crystalline state of the nanocomposites.

Highlights

The nanocomposites exhibit high antimicrobial activity.

GO and CuO nanoparticles show a tendency to agglomerate.

Reprocessing induces chain scission.

Reprocessing also enhances matrix homogenization.

The dispersion of the nanofiller reduced antimicrobial activity.
Exoproteomic Evidence for BcTSPO‐Mediated Regulation of Virulence Factors in Bacillus cereus
Authors: Duport Catherine , Armengaud Jean
Published: February 2025

Bacillus cereus translocator protein (BcTSPO) is a transmembrane protein that plays a regulatory role in various Bacillus cereus phenotypes, potentially including its virulence. Given that the exoproteome is a major determinant of B. cereus virulence, particularly during the late stages of active growth, its analysis is crucial for understanding the regulatory functions of BcTSPO. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the exoproteomes and cellular proteomes of a Δtspo mutant and the wild‐type ATCC 14579 strain during the late exponential and early stationary growth phases. Shotgun proteomics revealed that the absence of BcTSPO significantly depleted the exoproteome of secreted virulence factors, including the HBL, NHE, and CytK enterotoxins. Interestingly, the cholesterol‐dependent cereolysin O (CLO) was more abundant in the Δtspo exoproteome, indicating a distinct regulatory mechanism. The cellular proteome analysis further confirmed that BcTSPO positively regulates, likely indirectly, the synthesis of enterotoxins and negatively regulates the production of CLO. Additionally, the Δtspo exoproteome was enriched in moonlighting proteins, reflecting the impact of BcTSPO absence on cellular metabolism and stress responses. Overall, these findings highlight the critical role of BcTSPO in shaping the composition of both the exoproteome and cellular proteome, with significant implications for the virulence of B. cereus.
Properties and Cultivation of Fusarium spp. to Produce Mycoprotein as an Alternative Protein Source
Authors: Cheriaparambil Ramona , Grossmann Lutz
Published: February 2025

Fusarium species offer a promising solution for cultivating mycoprotein, a sustainable alternative protein source with a variety of food applications. This review comprehensively examines the properties and cultivation methods of mycoprotein production using Fusarium biomass. Fusarium strains' capacity to produce biomass with high protein content, and the ability to utilize diverse substrates, make them ideal candidates for large‐scale cultivation and mycoprotein production. For maximum mycoprotein yields, the parameters that can be optimized for fermentation like temperature, pH, inoculum size, fermentation time, cultivation method, stirring speed, and substrate composition are explored in various studies enlisted here. The different methods of cultivation along with their advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. Furthermore, the nutritional composition and rheological attributes of Fusarium‐derived mycoprotein are reviewed, highlighting its potential as a viable substitute for animal‐based proteins in products like meat and dairy analogues. This review also sheds light on the Fusarium mycoprotein products already in the market and their sustainability values. Overall, mycoprotein derived from Fusarium species is a promising sustainable food ingredient, with opportunities for further improvement in developing more sustainable growth media and enhancing consumer acceptability.
Making Synthetic 2D Graphene Oxide Nanosheets by Electrochemical Oxidation of Commercial Carbon Fibres
Authors: Español Alba , Bjurström Anton , Birdsong Björn , Nilsson Fritjof , Pandey Annu , Ren Xiaojun , Joshi Rakesh , Farris Stefano , Olsson Richard T
Published: February 2025

The study demonstrates a scalable and reproducible method for synthesising graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets from commercial carbon fibres derived from carbonised polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer. An exfoliation route with nitric acid allows for the preparation of monolayer GO nanosheets with a consistent thickness of 0.9 ± 0.2 nm, identical to the commercially available GO from mined graphite. The GO nanosheets exhibit distinct circular and elliptical shapes, in contrast to the polygonal and sharp‐edged morphology of commercial GO. An extensive evaluation of acidic solutions and electrical potentials identified a narrow processing window critical for obtaining GO nanosheets sized 0.1–1 µm. An unexpectedly low 5% acid concentration was found to be the most effective, providing a balance between efficient exfoliation through synergistic acidic and electrochemical oxidation. The process provides a high yield of 200 mg of GO per gram of carbon fibre. Advanced characterisation using high‐resolution electron and atomic force microscopy (HR‐TEM/SEM/AFM), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided detailed insights into the morphology, thickness, surface functionalisation, and chemical composition of the nanosheets. With its high yield, environmentally sound production, and versatility, the synthesised GO offers transformative potential for large‐scale applications, including energy storage, advanced coatings, high‐performance composites, water purification, and electronic devices.
Self‐Powered Glucose Biosensor Based on Non‐Enzymatic Biofuel Cells by Au Nanocluster/Pd Nanocube Heterostructure and Fe3C@C‐Fe Single‐Atom Catalyst
Authors: Lei Wenli , Zhang Shuang , Shu Jiaxi , Li Fudong , Deng Zixuan , Liu Juejing , Guo Xiaofeng , Zhao Yuanmeng , Shan Changsheng
Published: February 2025

Self‐powered biosensors (SPBs) based on biofuel cells (BFCs) use electrical output as a sensing signal without the need of external power supplies, providing a feasible approach to constructing miniaturized implantable or portable devices. In this work, a novel nanozyme of gold nanoclusters/palladium nanocubes (AuNCs/PdNCs) heterostructure is successfully fabricated to develop an innovatively self‐powered and non‐enzymatic glucose sensing system. The AuNCs/PdNCs with glucose oxidase (GOD)‐like activity exhibits superior electrocatalytic and non‐enzymatic sensing performance toward glucose. The non‐enzymatic BFCs‐based SPBs system, established on the AuNCs/PdNCs (anodic catalyst) and single atomic Fe sites coupled with carbon‐encapsulated Fe3C crystals (Fe3C@C‐Fe SACs as a cathodic catalyst) platform, exhibits an exceptional sensitivity to glucose with 0.151 µW cm−2 mm−1 (3.4 times higher than the PdNCs), outstanding selectivity and robust stability. The outstanding performance of the BFCs‐based SPBs system can be attributed to the synergistic cooperation between the PdNCs and AuNCs.
Linear Dichroism of the Optical Properties of SnS and SnSe Van der Waals Crystals
Authors: Tołłoczko Agata K. , Ziembicki Jakub , Grodzicki Miłosz , Serafińczuk Jarosław , Rosmus Marcin , Olszowska Natalia , Gorantla Sandeep , Erdi Melike , Tongay Seth A. , Kudrawiec Robert
Published: February 2025

Tin monochalcogenides SnS and SnSe, belonging to a family of Van der Waals crystals isoelectronic to black phosphorus, are known as environmentally friendly materials promising for thermoelectric conversion applications. However, they exhibit other desired functionalities, such as intrinsic linear dichroism of the optical and electronic properties originating from strongly anisotropic orthorhombic crystal structures. This property makes them perfect candidates for polarization‐sensitive photodetectors working in near‐infrared spectral range. A comprehensive study of the SnS and SnSe crystals is presented, performed by means of optical spectroscopy and photoemission spectroscopy, supported by ab initio calculations. The studies reveal the high sensitivity of the optical response of both materials to the incident light polarization, which is interpreted in terms of the electronic band dispersion and orbital composition of the electronic bands, dictating the selection rules. From the photoemission investigation the ionization potential, electron affinity and work function are determined, which are parameters crucial for the design of devices based on semiconductor heterostructures.
A Double‐Gradient All‐Organic Dielectric Polymer Film Achieving Superior Breakdown Strength and Energy Density
Authors: Liu Yang , Tian Guo , Sun Yue , Wang Shenglong , Huang Longchao , Li Xuelan , Xu Tianpei , Jin Long , Zou Yulin , Deng Weili , Yang Weiqing
Published: February 2025

Ferroelectric polymers have drawn tremendous attention in film capacitors owing to their high permittivity and ease of processing. Nevertheless, the energy density of such materials is severely constrained due to inferior breakdown strength. To address this dilemma, a double‐gradient multilayered all‐organic dielectric composite film is proposed, fabricated via a simple layer‐by‐layer solution‐casting process. The experimental results demonstrate that the composite film significantly suppresses the leakage current compared to the pristine films, resulting in remarkable enhancement of the insulation properties. The finite element simulation results further reveal that the optimized electric field distribution induced by the gradient structure and the carrier traps at the interfaces between the adjacent layers play a crucial role in impeding the propagation of the breakdown path. As a result, the developed dielectric film reaches an unexpected breakdown strength of 712 MV m−1 along with a high energy density of 19.68 J cm−3, surpassing the bench‐mark biaxially oriented polypropylene as well as the existing ferroelectric‐based composites reported in the recent works. The synergy of gradient and multilayered structure presented in this work offers a novel perspective and approach for the scalable fabrication of dielectric films with eminent capacitive performance.
Fluoride‐rich Sulfide Solid Electrolyte With Ultrahigh Air Stability for All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Lee Seungwoo , Kim Jeongheon , Park Chang Hun , Lee Seung Ho , Choi Seunggun , Park Joonhyeok , Kim Jaeik , Paik Ungyu , Song Taeseup
Published: February 2025

Argyrodites are among the most promising sulfide‐based solid electrolytes (SEs) due to their high ionic conductivity and ductility. However, the poor atmospheric stability of sulfide‐based SEs caused by the side reaction with moisture, which generates toxic H2S gas and degrades its high ionic conductivity and low electronic conductivity, has limited the commercialization of ASSBs. Herein, the preparation of sulfide‐based SEs consisting of a Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) core and fluoride‐rich LPSCl shell are described using a facial fluorine treatment following an annealing process to improve atmospheric stability. Most importantly, with the benefit of a fluoride‐rich LPSCl shell, the prepared SE exhibits well‐kept low electronic conductivity even after exposure to an atmosphere with 20% relative humidity at 25 °C, resulting in an improvement in electrochemical properties without short‐circuiting. These results indicate that the fluoride‐rich LPSCl shell effectively suppresses side reactions with moisture and mitigates the extent of irreversible side reactions. These experimental results and associated first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) models profoundly understand the enhanced air stability of F‐LPSCl. Full cells employing an air‐exposed F‐LPSCl exhibit an enhanced initial discharge capacity of 168.5 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C, cycling stability at 0.3 C over 500 cycles, and rate capability.
Electron Density Engineering at the Bond Critical Points in Solvation Sheath of Sodium Ions for High‐Rate Hard Carbon in Ether‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Wannian , Luo Ying , Li Xingyu , Liu Liying , Zhao Xiaoyang , Ke Xi , Xu Ruijie , Lei Caihong
Published: February 2025

Rationally designing the electrolyte system toward improving the electrochemical performance, especially the rate capability, of sodium ion batteries (SIBs) is very important for accelerating their large‐scale commercialization. Herein, it is shown that by refining the molar ratio of two ether solvents, namely dimethoxyethane (DME) and 2‐methyl tetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), a binary solvent electrolyte system forms a sodium ion solvation structure that facilitates high rate charge/discharge of hard carbon (HC) electrodes. It is demonstrated that the boosted rate capability can be attributed to the enhanced sodium ion transportation and desolvation kinetics, resulting from the participation of weak‐coordinating MeTHF molecule with low steric hindrance in the sodium ion solvation sheath, which weakens the interaction between sodium ion and solvent molecules/anions through electron density regulation at the bond critical points (BCPs). The thin and uniform solid electrolyte interphase film on HC electrodes formed in such an ether‐based electrolyte is also beneficial for improving the rate performance and cycling stability. The results of the present study shed more light on how the electron density engineering at the BCPs in sodium ion solvation sheath affects the rate capability of HC electrodes and promote its practical application prospect in future sodium‐based battery chemistries.
Promoting Efficient Ruthenium Sites With Lewis Acid Oxide for the Accelerated Hydrogen and Chlor‐Alkali Co‐Production
Authors: Gu Xiumin , Li Zijian , Jang Haeseong , Tang Jiachen , Sun Chaoyue , Kim Min Gyu , Liu Shangguo , Liu Xien , Hou Liqiang
Published: February 2025

Ruthenium (Ru) –based catalysts have been considered a promising candidate for efficient sustainable hydrogen and chlor‐alkali co‐production. Theoretical calculations have disclosed that the hollow sites on the Ru surface have strong adsorption energies of H and Cl species, which inevitably leads to poor activity for cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anodic chlorine evolution reaction (CER), respectively. Furthermore, it have confirmed that anchoring Lewis acid oxide nanoparticles such as MgO on the Ru surface can induce the formation of the onion‐like charge distribution of Ru atoms around MgO nanoparticles, thereby exposing the Ru‐bridge sites at the interface as excellent H and Cl adsorption sites to accelerate both HER and CER. Under the guidance of theoretical calculations, a novel dispersed MgO nanoparticles on Ru (MgOx‐Ru) electrocatalyst is successfully prepared. In strongly alkaline and saline media, MgOx‐Ru recorded excellent HER and CER electrocatalytic activity with a very low overpotential of 19 mV and 74 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. More stirringly, the electrochemical test with MgOx‐Ru as both anodic and cathodic electrodes under simulated chlor‐alkali electrolysis conditions demonstrated superior electrocatalytic performance to the industrial catalysts of commercial 20 wt% Pt/C and dimensionally stable anode (DSA).
A Highly‐Active Chemodynamic Agent Based on In Situ Generated Copper Complexes from Copper Hexacyanoferrate Nanoparticles
Authors: Bonet‐Aleta Javier , Hueso Jose L. , Valls‐Chiva Angeles , Ruiz‐Aranda Iris , Manzanilla Brenda , Garcia‐Peiro Jose I. , Aina Sergio , Urriolabeitia Esteban , Alegre‐Requena Juan V. , Santamaria Jesus
Published: February 2025

Copper hexacyanoferrate (Cu2Fe(CN)6) nanocubes with a homogeneous size under 100 nm are synthesized by self‐assembly from Cu2+ and Fe(CN)63− precursors. Similar to previous reports with catalysts containing Cu and Fe, the objective is to produce a nanoparticle catalyst that can promote glutathione (GSH) oxidation thanks to the Cu contribution, plus some ROS production through Fenton‐like processes fostered by Fe. Unexpectedly, the catalytic activity for GSH oxidation are much higher (≈50%) than those obtained with equal Cu amounts provided as CuCl2. Furthermore, in the presence of GSH concentrations characteristic of the tumor microenvironment, the nanocubes disassembled homogeneously, without a noticeably change of composition. These results suggest that this strong increase of catalytic activity arises from synergistic coordination of the released Cu2+ and Fe(CN)63− ions that facilitate GSH deprotonation, accelerating its oxidation. Given the role of GSH in the nanoparticle disassembly process, a selective action of the catalyst can be obtained: lethal doses as low as 18 ppm of Cu are obtained for U251‐MG cancer cells while healthy fibroblasts are largely spared.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Meet Two‐Dimensional Materials in Polymer Matrices for Flame Retardant and Sensor Applications
Authors: Bi Xue , Hou Yanan , Pan Ye‐Tang , Huo Siqi , Shi Congling , He Jiyu , Yang Rongjie
Published: February 2025

Functional polymer composites offer versatility and high performance through material fusion, but flammability is an obstacle to application. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted attention in the field of flame retardant due to their structural diversity and high specific surface area, but they suffer from low efficiency and agglomeration issues when used alone. Combining with two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials can improve the above situation. Herein, strategies are explored for integrating MOFs with 2D materials through physical mixing and in situ growth to enhance their dispersion and flame‐retardant effects in polymers. Additionally, the integration of sensing performance can achieve intelligent monitoring and control, as well as real‐time risk assessment and system optimization. In summary, this review deeply analyzes the dispersion, interfacial interaction, and performance adjustment mechanism of composite materials and discusses in detail the application potential of MOFs and hybrids formed by 2D materials in the field of flame retardant and sensing. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by the integration of MOFs and 2D materials in functional polymer composites in the future are summarized and prospected. Herein, it is also expected to facilitate researchers to quickly understand the latest developments in the field and guide their effective design.
Advances in Axial Resolution Strategies for Super‐Resolution Imaging Systems
Authors: Tan Qiwen , Wu Hongjun , Liu Yongtao , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao
Published: February 2025

3D fluorescence super‐resolution imaging technology can reconstruct the 3D structure of biological cells in space, which is crucial for observing the intricate internal structures of cells and studying the organization and function of tissues and organs. However, even with super‐resolution imaging techniques that surpass the diffraction limit, the axial resolution typically only reaches one‐third to one‐half of the lateral resolution. Achieving true axial or 3D super‐resolution imaging of samples remains a significant challenge. In light of this, this review summarizes the research progress in axial super‐resolution imaging techniques, with a focus on the principles, developments, and characteristics of these techniques, and provides an outlook on their future development directions. This paper aims to provide valuable reference material for researchers in the field.
Effects of Drinking Water Quality Parameters on Egyptian Cattle Farm Performance Indicators
Authors: Kamal Mohammed A. , Khalaf Mahmoud A. , Ahmed Zakia A. M. , ELjakee Jakeen , Mahmoud Hossam , Alhotan Rashed A. , Hussein Elsayed Osman , Galik Branislav , Saleh Ahmed Ali
Published: February 2025

In both beef and dairy farming, the water quality (WQ) is of utmost importance, as it can significantly influence various cattle performance indicators (PIs). This study, conducted in Egyptian cattle farms experiencing emerging epidemics, aimed to scrutinize the impact of WQ on PIs. A comprehensive survey, involving 132 farms, was carried out using a questionnaire to identify hygiene‐related risk factors (HRFs) that affect PIs. In parallel, 132 water samples were meticulously collected, subjected to analysis, and statistically evaluated to establish correlations between WQ parameters and PIs. Depending on the studied parameter (pH, total dissolved solids [TDS], hardness, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total colony count [TCC] and total coliform count [TCFC]), the permissible limits were exceeded in a notable percentage of the water samples (from 13% to 86.3%). These parameters showed a significant correlation (ρ = 0.30–0.64) with feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the case of beef farming, the lowest being for pH (ρ = 0.23). Similarly, significant correlations (ρ = 0.34–0.69) were found with dairy‐fed efficiency, apart from pH, which showed no correlation (ρ = 0). Furthermore, specific WQ parameters statistically emerged as predictors for different PIs. High nitrate was the most influential predictor across all beef and dairy PIs, followed by TDS, hardness, sulphate and microbial count. HRFs such as housing system, bedding type, water source, water tank and pipe type, drinker lining, herd size and cattle breed, demonstrated weak to moderate significant correlation with PIs. To conclude, WQ exerts a considerable impact on cattle PIs with the potential influence of on‐farm HRFs. As a result, it is imperative to consider WQ when formulating rations, implementing alternative hygienic practices, and selecting appropriate water treatment methods for cattle farming.
Retrievable Scaffold Therapy Combined with Sirolimus-coated Balloon Angioplasty for Infrapopliteal Artery Disease: Final Results from the DEEPER LIMUS Trial
Authors: Schweiger Leyla , Gütl Katharina , Rief Peter , Reiter Clemens , Janisch Michael , Weinberg Ido , Kolluri Raghu , Miller Larry E. , Brodmann Marianne
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of retrievable scaffold therapy combined with sirolimus-coated balloon angioplasty for treating infrapopliteal artery lesions.

Methods

The DEEPER LIMUS study enrolled Rutherford class 3 to 5 patients with infrapopliteal artery disease. Patients underwent vessel preparation with retrievable scaffold therapy followed by sirolimus-coated balloon angioplasty. The primary safety outcome measure was a composite of all-cause mortality, major amputation, or clinically driven target lesion revascularization at 6 months. Secondary outcome measures included acute vessel recoil, perioperative death, angiographic late lumen loss between post-procedure and 6 months, as well as primary patency, major amputation, change in Rutherford class, and wound healing through 12 months.

Results

The study included 26 patients (mean age 71 years, 62% male, 88% Rutherford 5) with 28 treated infrapopliteal lesions (36% occluded, 54% TASC B/C). Acute vessel recoil, measured in seven patients, was negligible (2.4 mm after treatment vs. 2.3 mm 15 minutes after deployment). A 6-month primary safety event occurred in 11.5% of patients (1 all-cause mortality, 1 major amputation, 1 clinically driven target lesion revascularization). Late lumen loss at 6 months was 0.7±0.7 mm. At 12 months, primary patency was 89.5%, improvement in Rutherford class was observed in 68.2% of patients, 90% of patients were deemed very low/low major limb amputation risk based on Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) scores, and no additional major amputations or clinically driven target lesion revascularizations were reported.

Conclusions

Retrievable scaffold therapy combined with sirolimus-coated balloon angioplasty demonstrated promising safety and efficacy through 12 months in patients with infrapopliteal artery disease.

Level of Evidence IV

Case Series.

Graphical Abstract
Transanal minimally invasive (TAMIS) mucosal resection with muscular plication for patients with obstructed defecation syndrome—A prospective pilot study
Authors: Widmann K. M. , Dawoud C. , Gidl D. , Riss S.
Published: February 2025

Background

Rectocele and intussusception are frequently observed during defecography as potential contributors to obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS). We aimed to describe our initial experience with transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) mucosectomy with muscular plication, as a novel surgical approach to treat patients with ODS.

Methods

Conducted between August 2021 and October 2023 at the Medical University of Vienna, 11 patients (8 female) were prospectively enrolled and underwent TAMIS mucosectomy with circular mucosectomy and longitudinal muscular plication (internal Delorme’s procedure). Functional outcome and quality of life were assessed by using standardized questionnaires pre- and postoperatively. The median follow up time was 16 months.

Results

In defecography rectal intussusception could be observed in all patients and rectocele was found in nine patients (81.8%). The median age at the time of surgical procedure was 56 years (range 28–76 years). Neither intraoperative nor postoperative complications occurred. The median ODS score decreased from 16 to 11 points (p = 0.171), and four out of five patients (80%) with preexistent fecal incontinence reported improvement of their symptoms postoperatively (80%), though one patient had new onset of fecal incontinence symptoms. No significant changes could be demonstrated in terms of quality life by using the Short-Form Health Survey 12 (SF-12) survey.

Conclusions

Our initial results showed that TAMIS mucosectomy is a safe technique, offering a viable alternative transanal approach for treating symptomatic ODS. Future studies with a larger sample size and a longer follow-up period should enhance the robustness of our preliminary findings.
Family Business Ethics: A Literature Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Ferasso Marcos , Beliaeva Tatiana , Kraus Sascha , Jones Paul , Gössling Tobias
Published: February 2025

Ethical issues in family businesses become increasingly relevant for businesses, societies and, consequently, organization scholars which manifests in a growing number of publications in the field over the years. Considerable knowledge generated in the area needs to be systematically structured and synthesized. This study reviewed 162 articles published over the last three decades (1989–2023) to map the intellectual and conceptual structure, and future research opportunities in the family business ethics field. Co-citation analysis highlighted four main groups of scholars influencing the field. The bibliographic coupling distinguished five thematic clusters: succession, religion and goodwill, entrepreneurship and innovation, ethical dilemmas, and values and ethical behavior. Sentiment analysis revealed that scholars explored more positive than negative terms associated with family business ethics. Finally, co-occurrence network analysis suggested the emerging keywords and potential research questions, organized into five research themes, for further development of the family business ethics field.
Life Cycle Assessment of Novel Antibacterial Polylactide-Hemp-Nanosilver-Biocomposites
Authors: Raue Tabea , Spierling Sebastian , Fischer Kira , Venkatachalam Venkateshwaran , Endres Hans-Josef , Chevali Venkata , Wang Hao
Published: February 2025

Climate change is one of the most complex and time-sensitive crises humanity is facing, thereby driving a quest for more sustainable product alternatives across all sectors. In hygiene-critical sectors like medicine, the development of sustainable materials is imperative because of the predominant use of single use plastics. Polylactic acid (PLA) has emerged as a bio-based alternative for clinical applications because of its degradation profile. To further enhance antibacterial properties and sustainability performance, a novel biocomposite based on PLA with hemp hurd filled with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) was developed. Here we present a life cycle assessment (LCA) based on ISO 14040 and 14044 to evaluate the added value of the antibacterial biocomposite compared to conventional antibacterial materials from an environmental perspective. The environmental impacts are analyzed in comparison to virgin PLA, fossil-based polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) combined in a disinfecting wipes and sterilized application. Our results show that the novel biocomposite has in general higher environmental impacts than its counterparts. Notably, our findings suggest a significant impact derived from high energy demand required for AgNP synthesis. To be able to compete with other materials, the energy demand needs to be minimized, which should be the focus of further research.
Larval habitat suitability and landscape genetics of the mosquito Anopheles coluzzii on São Tomé and Príncipe islands
Authors: Chamberland Lisa , Campos Melina , Corrêa Maria , Pinto João , Cornel Anthony J. , Viegas João , Lanzaro Gregory C.
Published: February 2025

Context

This study was conducted to contribute to the design of a field trial of a novel genetic strategy aimed at the elimination of malaria. The strategy involves the introduction, establishment and spread of a gene construct into natural populations of the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii on the African islands of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP). The gene construct renders the mosquito incapable of transmitting the parasite. Understanding the ecology of this mosquito is an essential component of the STP trial design. Identifying landscape features that define the target mosquito’s distribution, understanding connectivity among subpopulations and estimating population stability in the face of climate change are critical factors contributing to the field trial.

Objectives

STP provides an ideal study site to isolate and identify the role of potentially influential environmental factors in mosquito vector distributions across heterogeneous landscapes, critical information for the design of a GEM field trial. In this study we aim to quantify the relative influence of biotic and abiotic environmental factors on Anopheles coluzzii larval habitat suitability and if environmental variables promote or restrict gene flow between local populations.

Methods

We used an ecological niche modeling (ENM) approach to test the relationship between environmental variables and A. coluzzii larval occurrences within the islands of STP. We implemented high-resolution spatial models of both current and future larval distributions under a range of climate change scenarios. We assessed functional connectivity of A. coluzzii in STP using circuit theory-based approaches to identify environmental variables impeding or promoting gene flow.

Results

Results from the ENM revealed higher habitat suitability in the northeastern regions of both islands, characterized by higher human population densities and lower elevations. Habitat suitability under future climate projection models predicted minimal range expansions on STP, even under a ‘business-as-usual’ model. There was a signal of isolation-by-resistance on São Tomé, with roads promoting gene flow and higher elevation restricting gene flow.

Conclusions

This study provides a clearer understanding of the role of climate, topography and human activity on A. coluzzii larval habitat suitability and underscores the importance of considering both current and future climate projections to establish robust baseline data. Additionally, the role of roads in facilitating gene flow of this species will not only be essential to the design of GEM field trials, but will contribute to our understanding of malaria epidemiology in the islands and to improving ongoing vector control programs.
On the Harmonic Characterization Of The Spheres: A Sharp Stability Inequality
Authors: Cupini Giovanni , Lanconelli Ermanno
Published: February 2025

Let D be a bounded open subset of

$$\mathbb {R}^n$$

R

n

with finite

$$(n-1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

-dimensional Hausdorff measure

$$|\partial D|$$

|
∂
D
|

and let

$$x_0 $$

x
0

be a point of D. We introduce a new harmonic invariant, that we call Kuran gap of

$$\partial D$$

∂
D

w.r.t.

$$x_0$$

x
0

. To define this new invariant, denoted

$$\mathcal {K}(\partial D, x_0)$$

K
(
∂
D
,

x
0

)

, we use a family of harmonic functions introduced by Kuran (Bull. London Math. Soc. 4, 311-312, 1972). Our main stability result can be described as follows: if

$$\partial D$$

∂
D

is sufficiently regular just in one of the points of

$$\partial D$$

∂
D

nearest to

$$x_0$$

x
0

, then

$$\mathcal {K}(\partial D, x_0)$$

K
(
∂
D
,

x
0

)

is bounded from below by a kind of isoperimetric index, precisely the normalized difference between

$$|\partial D|$$

|
∂
D
|

and

$$|\partial B|$$

|
∂
B
|

, being B the biggest ball contained in D and centered at

$$x_0$$

x
0

. This partially extends and improves a stability result by Preiss and Toro. By our stability result, we also obtain new rigidity results: (i) a characterization of the Euclidean spheres in terms of single-layer potentials, improving previous theorems by Fichera and by Shahgholian; (ii) a sufficient condition for a harmonic pseudosphere to be a Euclidean sphere, partially extending and improving rigidity results by Lewis and Vogel.
New data on land molluscs from Sicily and biogeographical considerations
Authors: Liberto Fabio , Corso Andrea , Gregorini Armando , Colomba Mariastella
Published: February 2025

This paper is devoted to discussing new records of land molluscs from Sicily and the surrounding archipelagos (Italy) acquired during our survey in the field in the last twenty years (2004–2024). Monacha parumcincta, a species widespread in Kérkira Island (Greece) and Apennine Italy, is reported for the first time in northeastern Sicily; Sardovitrina polloneriana, up to now considered endemic to Sardinia Island (Italy), is recorded for the first time from Pantelleria Island and Linosa Island (Sicilian Channel); Aegopinella pura, a species with European distribution, is confirmed in Sicily on the summit part of the Madonie Mountains (northern Sicily); and Milax lopadusanus, recently described from Lampedusa Island (Pelagian Archipelago, Sicily), is here reported also for Marettimo Island (Aegadian Archipelago, Sicily). The species identification is based on morphological inspection of shells and genitalia. Taxonomy and biogeographic issues are discussed as well.
New evidence that blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) has floral traits that enable pollination at night
Authors: Buxton Max N. , Gaskett Anne C. , Lord Janice M. , Pattemore David E.
Published: February 2025

The role of nocturnal pollinators has been globally understudied, particularly in agriculture, but growing evidence suggests that crops often assumed to be pollinated during the day also receive additional pollination by night-active animals. In our study, we assessed six different types of evidence to determine whether blueberry flowers, which are typically associated with diurnal pollinators, could also be pollinated at night. We used observational and experimental approaches commonly used and validated for assessing nocturnal pollination, including variation in stigma receptivity and pollen viability at day and night, nectar standing crop dynamics, temporal effects of pollen germination, pollinator exclusion experiments and the presence of pollen on the bodies of potential nocturnal pollinators (moths). Stigma receptivity and pollen viability were similar between our day and night sample points. We found no negative effects of time of pollination on pollen germination. Nectar availability was strongly associated with time of day, and although nectar was available both day and night, nectar volume was highest at night. Fruit set was highest in flowers with unrestricted access to pollinators, but we are unable to determine the relative importance of nocturnal versus diurnal pollination as these treatments gave the same result as our control. Moths caught in blueberry orchards carried pollen from 25 plant species, with blueberry pollen being the fifth most abundant. Our results show that blueberry flowers have floral traits that allow pollination at night as well as during the day, and that moths, along with other nocturnal insects, may be contributing to this. However, the importance of nocturnal pollination relative to diurnal pollination remains unknown.