bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power-law growth models explain incidences and sizes of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions and confirm spatial genomic findings
Authors: Kiemen Ashley L. , Wu Pei-Hsun , Braxton Alicia M. , Cornish Toby C. , Hruban Ralph H. , Wood Laura D. , Wirtz Denis , Zwicker David
Published: July 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a rare but lethal cancer. Recent evidence suggests that pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), a microscopic precursor lesion that gives rise to pancreatic cancer, is larger and more prevalent than previously believed. Better understanding of the growth-law dynamics of PanINs may improve our ability to understand how a miniscule fraction makes the transition to invasive cancer. Here, using three-dimensional tissue mapping, we analyzed >1000 PanINs and found that lesion size is distributed according to a power law. Our data suggest that in bulk, PanIN size can be predicted by general growth behavior without consideration for the heterogeneity of the pancreatic microenvironment or an individual’s age, history, or lifestyle. Our models suggest that intraductal spread and fusing of lesions drive our observed size distribution. This analysis lays the groundwork for future mathematical modeling efforts integrating PanIN incidence, morphology, and molecular features to understand tumorigenesis and demonstrates the utility of combining experimental measurement with dynamic modeling in understanding tumorigenesis.
3D chromatin structures associated with ncRNA
roX2
for hyperactivation and coactivation across the entire X chromosome
Authors: Tian Simon Zhongyuan , Yang Yang , Ning Duo , Fang Ke , Jing Kai , Huang Guangyu , Xu Yewen , Yin Pengfei , Huang Haibo , Chen Gengzhan , Deng Yuqing , Zhang Shaohong , Zhang Zhimin , Chen Zhenxia , Gao Tong , Chen Wei , Li Guoliang , Tian Ruilin , Ruan Yijun , Li Yiming , Zheng Meizhen
Published: July 2024

The three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromatin within the nucleus is crucial for gene regulation. However, the 3D architectural features that coordinate the activation of an entire chromosome remain largely unknown. We introduce an omics method, RNA-associated chromatin DNA-DNA interactions, that integrates RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)–mediated regulome with stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy to investigate the landscape of noncoding RNA
roX2
-associated chromatin topology for gene equalization to achieve dosage compensation. Our findings reveal that
roX2
anchors to the target gene transcription end sites (TESs) and spreads in a distinctive boot-shaped configuration, promoting a more open chromatin state for hyperactivation. Furthermore,
roX2
arches TES to transcription start sites to enhance transcriptional loops, potentially facilitating RNAPII convoying and connecting proximal promoter-promoter transcriptional hubs for synergistic gene regulation. These TESs cluster as
roX2
compartments, surrounded by inactive domains for coactivation of multiple genes within the
roX2
territory. In addition,
roX2
structures gradually form and scaffold for stepwise coactivation in dosage compensation.
Pyrgos[
n
]cages: Redefining antibacterial strategy against drug resistance
Authors: Zhang Yi , Luo Miaomiao , Shi Xiangling , Li Aimin , Zhou Wei , Yin Yuyao , Wang Hui , Wong Wing-Leung , Feng Xinxin , He Qing
Published: July 2024

Amid rising antibiotic resistance, the quest for advanced antibacterial agents to surpass microbial adaptation is paramount. This study introduces Pyrgos[
n
]cages (
n
= 1 to 4), pioneering multidecker cationic covalent organic cages engineered to combat drug-resistant bacteria via a dual-targeting approach. Synthesized through successive photocatalytic bromination and cage-forming reactions, these architectures stand out for their dense positive charge distribution, exceptional stability, and substantial rigidity. Pyrgos[
n
]cages exhibit potent bactericidal activity by disrupting bacterial membrane potential and binding to DNA. Notably, these structures show unparalleled success in eradicating both extracellular and intracellular drug-resistant pathogens in diverse infection scenarios, with antibacterial efficiency markedly increasing over 100-fold as the decker number rises from 1 to 3. This study provides an advance in antibacterial tactics and underscores the transformative potential of covalent organic cages in devising enduring countermeasures against antibiotic-resistant microbial threats.
Evaluation and management of hypertensive emergency
Authors: Miller Joseph B , Hrabec Daniel , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Kinni Harish , Brook Robert D
Published: July 2024

Hypertensive emergencies cause substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly when acute organ injury is present. Careful and effective strategies to reduce blood pressure and diminish the effects of pressure-mediated injury are essential. While the selection of specific antihypertensive medications varies little across different forms of hypertensive emergencies, the intensity of blood pressure reduction to the target pressure differs substantially. Treatment hinges on balancing the positive effects of lowering blood pressure with the potential for negative effects of organ hypoperfusion in patients with altered autoregulatory mechanisms. When patients do not have acute organ injury in addition to severe hypertension, they benefit from a conservative, outpatient approach to blood pressure management. In all cases, long term control of blood pressure is paramount to prevent recurrent hypertensive emergencies and improve overall prognosis. This review discusses the current evidence and guidelines on the evaluation and management of hypertensive emergency.
Still using genetic data? A comparative review of Canadian life insurance application forms before and after the GNDA
Authors: Fernando Amy , Kondrup Emma , Cheung Katherine , Uberoi Diya , Joly Yann
Published: July 2024

Genetic testing's increased availability has raised concerns about “genetic discrimination” (GD), where individuals may face unfair treatment, particularly when purchasing personal insurance, because of their genetic characteristics. In 2017, Canada passed the Genetic Non-Discrimination Act (GNDA) to prevent GD. This manuscript reviews post-GNDA life insurance application forms and compares them with pre-2014 application forms to assess the impact of the GNDA on insurance practices in Canada. Based on our comparative assessment, we found that the GNDA has had a modest impact on the practice of life insurers in Canada. Our study also confirms that questions about family history of disease and broadly formulated inquiries are still used on life insurance application forms. Both can, in the absence of clear instructions, lead applicants to disclose protected genetic information.
Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Ground Deformation of Beijing Daxing International Airport before and after Operation Using Time Series InSAR
Authors: Deng Heming , Zhang Zhengjia , Fan Peng
Published: July 2024

The construction and operation of large airports typically result in noticeable ground subsidence. Therefore, regular monitoring of surface deformation is essential to ensure the safe operation and maintenance of airports. However, limited research has been conducted on geological subsidence in the vicinity of the Beijing Daxing International Airport (BDIA)—completed and operating since 2019—and the surface deformation following its operational phase. Here, time series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (TS‐InSAR) was performed using Sentinel‐1A data to investigate the BDIA temporal and spatial ground displacement before, July 2017 to June 2019, and after, August 2019 to April 2020, operations. The results revealed significant ground surface deformation in the airport and its surrounding areas before operations. The maximum deformation velocity recorded here reached −70 mm/year with the areas experiencing deformation primarily being the cargo and maintenance areas, with the largest cumulative deformations reaching 115 and 80 mm, respectively. Additionally, a noticeable deformation was observed in the northern part of the airport work area, whereas the airport terminal and four runways remained relatively stable. After completion, substantial ground subsidence persisted in both the airport and its surrounding regions, with the maximum deformation velocity exceeding −70 mm/year. The abandoned mounds to the east of the cargo area and south of the maintenance area exhibited continuous subsidence, with maximum cumulative deformations exceeding 60 and 50 mm, respectively. However, the work area, terminal, and four airport runways exhibited relative stability. These results hold substantial practical value, offering valuable insights into airport management and ensuring safe and efficient airport operations.
In Silico Analysis of the ROP29 Protein as a Vaccine Candidate Against Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Karimipour-Saryazdi Amir , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Foroutan Masoud , Horton John , Sadraei Javid
Published: July 2024

The progression of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) invasion is aided by rhoptry proteins (ROPs), which are also crucial for the parasite’s survival in host cells. In this study, in silico analysis was performed to examine the various aspects of the ROP29 protein, such as physicochemical properties, potential T‐ and B‐cell epitopes, and other significant features. The research revealed that there were 55 possible sites for posttranslational modification in the ROP29 protein. The secondary structure of the ROP29 protein consists of a random coil, an alpha‐helix, and an extended strand, which account for 49.69%, 36.81%, and 13.50%, respectively. Moreover, a number of putative T‐ and B‐cell epitopes for ROP29 were found. The Ramachandran plot showed that 88.91% (crude model) and 97.54% (refine model) of the amino acid residues were located in the favored regions. Also, the testing of this protein’s antigenicity and allergenicity showed that it was nonallergenic and immunogenic. Our results suggested that employing in silico tools to apply structural and functional predictions to the ROP29 protein can lower the likelihood that laboratory investigations will fail. This research served as a crucial foundation for further research. More research is required in the future in suitable animal model employing ROP29 alone or in combination with other antigens.
Colorimetric and Fluorometric Determination of Fluoride in Tetrahydrofuran and Dimethyl Sulfoxide Using a 4‐Hydroxypyrene Probe
Authors: Sun Yue , Long Yunchen , Sun Wenhao , Zhang Yibo , Tang Qianhui , Li Chan , Li Sihua , Nie Jing
Published: July 2024

F– ions (fluoride ions) are crucial in various chemical waste and environmental safety contexts. However, excessive fluoride exposure can pose a threat to human well‐being. In this study, a simple 4‐substituted pyrene derivative known as 4‐hydroxypyrene (4-PyOH) was designed as a colorimetric probe for detecting F– through the formation of hydrogen bonds between F– and a hydroxyl group. The probe 4-PyOH exhibited exceptional sensitivity and selectivity towards F– ions and was successfully utilized as test strips for detecting F– ions in organic solvents. The detection limit reached an impressively low level of 3.06 × 10−7 M in the organic solvent. The recognition mechanism was confirmed through 1H NMR titration.
Dietary Networks Identified by Gaussian Graphical Model and Odds of Major Depressive Disorder: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Shahinfar Hossein , Shab-Bidar Sakineh , Effatpanah Mohammad , Askari Reza , Jazayeri Shima
Published: July 2024

Background. The Gaussian graphical model (GGM) is a new approach that has recently gained attention for identifying dietary patterns. It examines the connections between different food groups and how they are consumed together. The aim of our study was to investigate the link between dietary networks derived from GGM and the odds of major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods. Two hundred drug‐free patients with MDD and 200 healthy individuals were enrolled in this age‐ and sex‐matched case‐control study. The mean age of the participants was 45.4 years and 67.5% were female. The Beck Depression Inventory‐II questionnaire was used for screening depression in the control group. Dietary intake was assessed using a 168‐item food frequency questionnaire A GGM was applied to identify dietary networks. The GGM‐derived networks were scored, categorized into tertiles, and their association with MDD was determined using a multivariable logistic regression model controlling for energy intake, marital status, job status, income, living status, education, drug use, smoking status, physical activity level, family history of major depressive disorders, comorbidities, and BMI. Results. GGM identified four dietary networks: healthy, prudent, western, and mixed. Nonleafy vegetables in healthy, grains in prudent, and red meat in western dietary networks were identified as hubs, indicating their important position in the identified network. High adherence to a healthy dietary network was associated with decreased odds of MDD (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.92; p value = 0.02), whereas, participants at the highest tertile of the western dietary network had greater odds of MDD (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.08; p value = 0.03). Neither prudent nor mixed networks were associated with MDD. Conclusions. Healthy and western dietary networks were associated with lower and higher odds of MDD, respectively. Recommendations for reducing the odds of MDD can be focused on increasing nonleafy vegetables and decreasing red meat consumption.
Buckling Knockdown Factors for Hemispherical Foam Core Sandwich Shells With Single Dimple
Authors: Sim Chang-Hoon , Lee Chang-Min , Kim Gi-Seop , Park Jae-Sang , Lee Jun-Seong
Published: July 2024

In this study, nonlinear postbuckling analyses are performed using ABAQUS to derive the buckling knockdown factors (KDFs) for hemispherical foam core sandwich shells under external pressure. Two hemispherical foam core sandwich shells (dimple and flat models) with different inner sheet thicknesses are considered. The crushable foam modeling technique is used to represent the nonlinear compressive behavior of the foam material. The geometric initial imperfection modeling technique, the single dimple imperfection approach, is established to represent the geometric initial imperfection of the hemispherical foam core sandwich shells. The postbuckling analyses using the Riks method are carried out to predict the buckling behaviors of shells with geometric initial imperfections. The KDFs of the dimple and flat models are derived to be 0.20 and 0.22, respectively, which are up to 11.11% and 22.22% higher, respectively, than the previous NASA buckling design criteria. Therefore, the present KDFs provide a lightweight design for hemispherical foam core sandwich shells.
Abundant Exact Solutions of the Fractional Stochastic Bogoyavlenskii Equation
Authors: Al-Askar Farah M.
Published: July 2024

The stochastic Bogoyavlenskii equation with M‐truncated derivatives (SBE‐MTD) is considered in this article. Our objective in this paper is to find the exact solutions to this problem by using the (G′/G)‐expansion and Jacobi elliptic function methods. Due to the fact that this equation is used in fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and nonlinear optics, the acquired results here will aid researchers in characterizing a vast array of intriguing physical phenomena. By providing several graphical representations, we examine how the stochastic term and M‐truncated derivative affect the dynamics of the acquired solutions. Finally, we conclude that the Wiener process stabilizes the solutions of the Bogoyavlenskii equation, and the M‐truncated derivatives shift the surface to the left as the derivative’s order decreases.
A New Family of Graphs and Strong Antireciprocal Eigenvalue Property
Authors: Akhter Sadia , Muhiuddin G. , Hameed Saira , Ahmad Uzma
Published: July 2024

Spectral graph theory explores the relationship between the eigenvalues and the structural properties of graphs. This study focuses on the fundamental matrices associated with simple graphs, specifically the adjacency matrix. This work contributes to the spectral graph theory literature by introducing a new family of simple connected graphs and investigating their eigenvalue properties. We examine conditions under which these graphs satisfy specific spectral properties, such as the strong antireciprocal eigenvalue property. Additionally, we construct another family of graphs from this new family, proving that each graph within this derived family satisfies the strong antireciprocal eigenvalue property. Through these contributions, we aim to deepen the understanding of the spectral characteristics of graph families and their applications in theoretical and applied contexts.
Prevalence and Predictors of Nonresponse to Psychological Treatment for PTSD: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Semmlinger Verena , Leithner Cosima , Klöck Lea Maria , Ranftl Lena , Ehring Thomas , Schreckenbach Monika
Published: July 2024

Background. Although highly efficacious psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exist, there is evidence that first‐line psychological treatment approaches leave a substantial subgroup of patients still suffering from clinically relevant PTSD symptoms posttreatment. Aims. We aimed to meta‐analytically establish the prevalence and predictors of nonresponse to first‐line guideline‐recommended psychological treatments for PTSD. Materials and Methods. This meta‐analysis was preregistered (CRD42023368766). We searched the PTSD Trials Standardized Data Repository, Embase, Medline, PsychINFO, and PTSDpubs. We included randomized controlled trials (RCT), reporting data on nonresponse operationalized by (lack of) symptom reduction in PTSD symptoms at posttreatment of first‐line guideline‐recommended PTSD treatments for adult patients meeting criteria for a PTSD diagnosis. All studies published by October 10, 2023, were included. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. We estimated the pooled average nonresponse rates and ORs. Subgroup and metaregression analyses targeting the nonresponse rates served to identify significant predictors. All analyses were conducted using three‐level multilevel models. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane’s RoB 2 tool. Results. Eighty six studies with 117 active treatment conditions and 7,894 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. The weighted average nonresponse rate was 39.23%, 95% CI (35.08%, 43.53%). Nonresponse was less frequent in the treatment condition compared to the control condition (OR = 0.22). Subgroup analyses and metaregression revealed the type of analysis, population, type of intervention, treatment format, year of publication, age, sex, PTSD symptom severity, comorbid depression, and baseline depression score as significant predictors. The heterogeneity between studies was substantial to considerable (I2 = 83.12%). Half of the studies had a high risk of bias. Conclusions. This meta‐analysis found that a substantial subgroup of patients suffering from PTSD still showed clinically significant symptoms after having received treatment. Treatment modifications should be considered for specific subgroups of PTSD patients based on predictors found to be associated with nonresponse.
Risk Factors Associated with Pyogenic Spinal Infections among Intravenous Drug Users and Nonusers
Authors: Bilolikar Vivek K. , Gleason Brendan , Kripke Lee , Merrill Robert , Whitaker Colin , Handal Jon
Published: July 2024

Background Data. Spinal infections are major clinical problems with a substantial financial burden on healthcare systems. Recent increases in primary pyogenic spine infections can be attributed to the opioid epidemic and an aging and increasingly unhealthy population. Immunocompromise, diabetes, and malignancy all predispose patients to spine infections. Purpose. To identify the differences in patient factors, presentation, treatment course, and outcomes of intravenous drug users (IVDA) vs. nonusers (non‐IVDA) presenting with pyogenic spinal infections. Study Design/Setting. Retrospective case series. Methods. We identified all cases involving spinal infections at our institution between May 2017 and January 2023. Postsurgical infections were excluded, and patients were separated into IVDA and non‐IVDA groups. The patient charts were reviewed and analyzed for statistical or clinically significant differences using RStudio (2019 version 3.6.2). Our institutional review board approved this study, IRB# 2020‐277, iRISID‐2023‐1384. Results. Fifty patients (29 males and 21 females) with primary pyogenic spinal infections were included in our study. There were fourteen patients (28.0%) in the IVDA group. The mean age in the IVDA group was 50.6 vs. 61.9 years (p < 0.05) in the non‐IVDA group. The average length of stay (LOS) in the IVDA group was 15.8 vs. 14.0 days (p = 0.54) in the non‐IVDA group, with no significant difference in readmissions or disposition. Twenty‐three non‐IVDA patients were diagnosed with diabetes, while eight IVDA patients had a psychiatric diagnosis (other than substance abuse). There were no significant differences in microbial isolate or the duration of antibiotics. Conclusion. In our study population, there is a high incidence of intravenous drug abuse (IVDA), psychiatric disease, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Analysis shows a trend of two distinct patient populations. Patients without a history of IVDA were significantly older than those with IVDA and significantly more likely to have medical comorbidities including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and malignancy than those with IVDA history. Patients with IVDA were younger with significantly higher rates of smoking and psychiatric disorders. IVDA patients struggled to receive continued psychiatric/addiction treatment after discharge, an area for significant improvement. Due to a small sample size and single urban institution setting, this study may be underpowered to demonstrate differences in healthcare resource consumption.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Epigenetic Induction of Cancer-Testis Antigens and Endogenous Retroviruses at Single-Cell Level Enhances Immune Recognition and Response in Glioma
Authors: Lai Thomas J. , Sun Lu , Li Kevin , Prins Terry J. , Treger Janet , Li Tie , Sun Matthew Z. , Nathanson David A. , Liau Linda M. , Lai Albert , Prins Robert M. , Everson Richard G.
Published: July 2024

Fig S5 A-F
Supplementary Figure 3 from Epigenetic Induction of Cancer-Testis Antigens and Endogenous Retroviruses at Single-Cell Level Enhances Immune Recognition and Response in Glioma
Authors: Lai Thomas J. , Sun Lu , Li Kevin , Prins Terry J. , Treger Janet , Li Tie , Sun Matthew Z. , Nathanson David A. , Liau Linda M. , Lai Albert , Prins Robert M. , Everson Richard G.
Published: July 2024

Fig S3 A-C
Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Vascular and Cardiac Involvement in a Young Patient with Non-Cirrhotic Hepatitis B: A Case Report
Authors: Botto Inês , Serrazina Juliana , Freitas Carlos Rodrigues , Carvalhana Sofia , Nogueira-Costa Gonçalo , Cortez-Pinto Helena
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly vascular malignancy with the potential for intravascular invasion. However, vascular extension into the cardiac chambers is extremely rare. Case Presentation: We present a 25-year-old male patient in whom the investigation of a cardiac murmur led to the discovery of an intracardiac mass that proved to be advanced-stage HCC with vascular invasion of the right heart. The patient had a previously unknown non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Despite antiviral therapy and systemic treatment for HCC, he eventually died about 1 month later due to disease progression. Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of early HBV diagnosis and treatment for timely detection and management of HCC. Advanced-stage HCC, particularly with cardiac involvement, has an extremely poor prognosis.
Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia Prophylaxis in patients with ANCA Vasculitis on Rituximab maintenance therapy
Authors: Aqeel Faten , Cammarata Michael Joseph , Le Dustin , Geetha Duvuru
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Although an increased risk of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) has been reported in adults receiving rituximab for induction therapy, current evidence is lacking on the utility of PJP prophylaxis in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients on maintenance rituximab therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of PJP pneumonia and the outcomes of AAV patients with and without PJP prophylaxis.

Methods: We performed an observational, single-center, retrospective study examining patients with AAV in clinical remission and on rituximab maintenance therapy. We divided the patients into two groups: those with and without PJP prophylaxis. We explored factors associated with PJP prophylaxis use. We additionally looked at several outcomes, including PJP infections, infections requiring hospitalizations, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and death. Data were analyzed using T test, Fisher exact test, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression as appropriate.

Results: A total of 129 patients with mean (SD) follow-up time of 7.2 (5.4) years were included: 44% received PJP prophylaxis and 56% of patients did not. There were no PJP infections in the entire cohort. Lung involvement was associated with increased odds of prescribing PJP prophylaxis (OR 4.09 (95% CI 1.8-9.82)). PJP prophylaxis did not decrease infection rates requiring hospitalizations, ESKD, or death. Glucocorticoid use, however, was associated with increased rates of infections requiring hospitalizations (OR 5.54 (95% CI 2.01-15.4)) and death (OR 4.67 (95% CI 1.36-15.71)) even after adjustment for age, gender, and use of PJP prophylaxis.

Conclusion: Regardless of the use of PJP prophylaxis during the maintenance phase of AAV management, PJP pneumonia was not observed. AAV patients with lung involvement were more likely to be on PJP prophylaxis.
Pharmacologic treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis: efficacious, likely efficacious, and failed drugs
Authors: Schoepfer Alain M. , Safroneeva Ekaterina
Published: July 2024

Background: Treatment options for Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) evolve rapidly. This review focuses on pharmacologic options to treat EoE.
Summary: Orodisopersible budenoside tablets (Jorveza®) have been approved by regulatory authorities for EoE treatment of adults in Europe, Canada and Australia, but not the United States. Jorveza®, as compared to placebo, is effective in inducing and maintaining histologic and clinical remission over time. Before the approval of Jorveza®, several investigator-initiated randomized controlled clinical studies evaluated esophagus-targeted formulations of either budesonide or fluticasone to treat pediatric and adult EoE patients. These drugs were generally efficacious in inducing and maintaining histological and clinical remission. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) are used off-label for EoE treatment of pediatric and adult EoE patients given that they are able to induce histologic and clinical remission. Dupilumab (Dupixent®), a monoclonal antibody targeted against IL-4 and IL-13, was approved by regulatory authorities in the United States, Europe, Canada, but not yet Australia. In Europe, including Switzerland, Dupixent® is approved to treat EoE patients of at least 12 years of age with at least 40 kg body weight if they are either unresponsive or intolerant to or not candidates for conventional EoE therapies. Due to lack of efficacy or unfavorable safety profile, the following drugs are not recommended for EoE treatment: systemic steroids, sodium cromoglycate, montelukast, azathioprine, TNF-antagonists (eg. infliximab), vedolizumab (mAb against α4β7), benralizumab (mAb against IL-5 receptor), mepolizumab (mAb against IL-5), reslizumab (mAb against IL-5), omalizumab (mAb against IgE), and lirentelimab (mAb against siglec-8).
Key messages: Long-term effectiveness and safety data on different drugs are currently sparse. Concerted efforts of different stakeholders will be necessary to continue the endeavour of providing our patients with much-needed therapies.
Survey of Pharmacist-Led Medication Guidance for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Japan
Authors: Iwayama Kuninori , Hiura Kazuya , Ohtaki Ko-Ichi
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In pharmacotherapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), good medication adherence is necessary to control the condition. However, some patients show poor adherence. Pharmacists need to provide appropriate medication guidance to improve medication adherence. Community pharmacists often have to provide medication guidance in case of insufficient patient information because of varying affiliations. Therefore, to help improve medication adherence in patients with IBD and establish cooperation between community and hospital pharmacies, we investigated the awareness of IBD among pharmacists and the actual status of pharmacist-led medication guidance for patients with IBD.
Methods: This study comprised a knowledge test for IBD and a survey of medication guidance for IBD in the form of questionnaires, which were administered to pharmacists using web forms.
Results: Community pharmacy affiliation (P < 0.01) and having no experience in medication guidance for IBD (P < 0.01) contributed to low scores in the IBD knowledge test. There was a difference in the correct answer rate for interactions or screening tests prior to medication administration between community and hospital pharmacists. Medication guidance consultations involving residual drug adjustment (P < 0.01), confirmation of symptoms (P < 0.01), prescription from other hospitals (P = 0.04), therapeutic effects (P = 0.04), and confirmation of medication adherence were more common among community pharmacists than among hospital pharmacists. Cooperation between community and hospital pharmacies was most commonly achieved through tracing reports or personal medication handbooks.
Conclusion: Improving pharmacists’ awareness of IBD and sharing information is important to facilitate cooperation between community and hospital pharmacists to improve medication adherence.
Colombia’s Armed Conflict and Dental Caries among Adults
Authors: Madera Meisser , Bernabe Eduardo
Published: July 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the association between residing in municipalities with armed conflict and dental caries among adults in Colombia.
Methods: Data from 9194 18-79-year-olds, who participated in the Fourth National Oral Health Survey in 2014, were linked with information on the presence and intensity of the armed conflict experienced in their municipality of residence between 2000 and 2012 (extracted from the Resource Centre for Conflicts Analysis). Dental caries was determined through clinical examinations and summarised using the numbers of decayed teeth (DT), decayed and filled teeth (DFT) and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). Two-level negative binomial regression models were fitted, with adults nested within municipalities, to test the association between armed conflict indicators and caries outcomes after adjustment for covariates.
Results: The mean DT, DFT and DMFT scores were 1.75 (SD=2.36), 6.03 (SD=4.53), and 10.27 (SD=7.11), respectively. Of the 197 municipalities included in the analysis, 12.2% experienced conflict permanently and 18.3% experienced high intensity conflict. In crude analysis, adults living in municipalities with more presence and intensity of armed conflict had lower DT and DMFT, but not DFT scores. After adjustment for covariates, only the (high) intensity of conflict was associated with lower DT (Rate Ratio: 0.64; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.47-0.87), DFT (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71-0.95) and DMFT scores (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74-0.89).
Conclusions: This study found that Colombian adults residing in municipalities with high intensity of conflict had lower levels of untreated disease and caries experience.
Lutas pela terra, mulheres e violências: aproximações e distanciamentos desde as indígenas Guarani e Kaiowa, as posseiras de Trombas e Formoso e as mulheres dos faxinais de Pinhão
Authors: Ayoub Dibe , Seraguza Lauriene , Dourado Maiara
Published: July 2024

Land struggles are a significant part of the lives of indigenous peoples, peasants, and traditional communities in Brazil. These conflicts are organized by gender, differentiating places, bodies, and forms of action for men and women. In this article, we draw a conversation between the experiences of the Kaiowa and Guarani women, the peasant women in Trombas and Formoso, and the women in the faxinais of Paraná, to discuss how they conduct themselves in these disputes and cultivate powers that enable them to secure or take back their lands. We highlight the centrality of the house as a living entity, a place that connects bodies and lands, participates in conflicts, and suffers violence. We argue that women’s agencies reflect the intimacy of the struggles and interweave gender as a way of ordering the colonization and the expansion of agribusiness, and as a way of organizing the ways of life of indigenous people and peasants.
Circulaciones en el espacio de vida isleño ampliado. Las migraciones internas de familias de la Zona Núcleo Forestal del Delta del Paraná (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Camarero Gimena Paula , Pizarro Cynthia Alejandra
Published: July 2024

Este artigo aborda as migrações internas de um grupo de famílias da Zona Núcleo Florestal do Delta do Río Paraná (Buenos Aires, Argentina) desse a perspectiva da mobilidade. Com base nos conceitos de espaço de vida e circulação migratória, centramo-nos na análise do processo histórico de construção do espaço de vida ilheu e nas lógicas de circulação passadas e presentes que estruturam e condicionam os padrões de mobilidade dos diferentes membros destas famílias segundo suas posições de gênero, geração e classe social.
O riso de Ana Cristina Cesar: a poesia entre o corpo e o texto
Authors: Thibes Maria Beatriz
Published: July 2024

O artigo busca pensar a poesia crítica, ou a crítica presente na poesia de Ana Cristina Cesar. A forte presença de uma cena de intimidade em sua poética, que chama, convoca o leitor a ler uma confissão e, no mesmo momento, o deixa com os fios abertos da leitura, os fios abertos da própria vida, do próprio corpo. É essa tensão entre linguagem e realidade, literatura e vida, corpo do poema e corpo do autor (da autora), que nos interessa aqui. Tensão (jogo) criados, na e pela linguagem, que seduz e (des)orienta o leitor, o corpo do leitor (da leitora). Seduz e sustenta o jogo (o gozo) que é a escrita, a leitura.
Nomear, um conceito teórico-poético feminista nas obras de Audre Lorde e Adrienne Rich
Authors: Cerqueira Taís Bravo
Published: July 2024

Este artigo busca analisar como as escritoras norte-americanas Audre Lorde e Adrienne Rich elaboram o ato de nomear enquanto um conceito teórico-poético, o qual também pode ser compreendido como uma prática feminista. O objetivo é, portanto, apresentar como essas autoras produzem em seus ensaios e poemas uma escrita que é simultaneamente poética e teórica, enquanto se rebelam contra o paradigma da universalidade forjado pelo cânone literário acadêmico ocidental e constroem um pensamento comprometido com a sobrevivência das mulheres e pessoas dissidentes. Assim, o artigo propõe uma leitura do poema “Uma litania pela sobrevivência” e dos ensaios “A transformação do silêncio em linguagem e em ação (1977)” e “A poesia não é um luxo (1977)”, de Audre Lorde em diálogo com o poema “Tempo norte-americano” e os ensaios “Quando da morte acordamos (1971/76)” e “Sangue, pão e poesia: a localização da poeta (1984)”, de Adrienne Rich.
Reassessment of Strobilanthes recurva (Acanthaceae), an endangered plant from Manipur, India
Authors: Devi Rajkumari Jashmi , Thongam Biseshwori
Published: July 2024

The presence and status of Strobilanthes recurva C.B.Clarke (Acanthaceae) in Manipur, northeastern India is re-assessed with a brief description and illustration. Photographs and their conservation status are also provided. The values of Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) calculated as 16,313.797 km2 (VU), and 20.000 km2 (EN) respectively predicted S. recurva as Vulnerable and Endangered. Therefore, we proposed to treat this threatened species, S. recurva as Endangered (EN) until further information becomes available.
Assemblages of frugivorous butterflies in two urban parks in Quezon City, Philippines
Authors: Itliong Micael Gabriel A. , Dagamac Nikki Heherson A. , Badon Jade Aster T.
Published: July 2024

Urban parks play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity, yet limited research on urban insect diversity poses challenges for conservation. Comprehensive biodiversity records are essential for monitoring insect population trends. Despite their significance as bioindicators, many urban parks lack baseline data on butterfly populations. This study utilized bait traps to assess butterfly diversity in two Quezon City parks: La Mesa Ecopark (LME) and Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center (NAPWC). Bait trapping facilitates species identification and population trend monitoring without harming local butterfly populations. From April to August 2023, two bait traps equipped with fermented bananas and rum as lures were deployed in each park. A total of 145 individuals representing nine morphospecies of the Nymphalidae family were recorded. Differences in butterfly diversity were noted between LME and NAPWC, with LME showing greater diversity. However, sampling efforts at NAPWC may need expansion to ensure exhaustiveness, potentially affecting comparison accuracy. Notably, four species observed in both parks are endemic to the Philippines, while data on the IUCN Red lIst status of the remaining species are unavailable.
Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in the semi-natural subterranean habitat in Karnataka, India
Authors: Manchi Shirish , Quadros Goldin , Bajpai Dipika , Mukherjee Shomita , Haleholi Suma , Marennavar Mahesh , Neeralagi Sangmesh , Ganiger Prakash , Lamani Suresh , Kulkarni Nikhil
Published: July 2024

The Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus is distributed across India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, with India harbouring the larger part of its global population. During a rapid survey of three abandoned gold mines in Kappatagudda Wildlife Sanctuary in Gadag, Karnataka, India, we found a dead Rusty-spotted Cat in one of them. The identified individual was taken to Gadag Zoo to determine the cause of death. The gut contained a whole partly digested bat (Microchiroptera) of unidentified species. Our observations suggest that the elusive and little-known Rusty-spotted Cat contributes to this human-made subterranean habitat in various ways. The presence of the Rusty-spotted Cat, a ‘Near Threatened’ and Schedule-I species, in a human-made subterranean habitat demonstrates possible high conservation value of such abandoned subterranean systems and calls for additional research to explore underground ecosystems across the cat’s distribution range.
Heleocoris stephanus (Heteroptera: Naucoridae: Laccocorinae), a new species of creeping water bug from Kallada River, Kerala, India
Authors: Benchamin Dani , R. Sreejai  , M.S. Arya
Published: July 2024

A new species of Heleocoris, Stål (1876) was collected from the upstream Kallada River in Kerala, southwestern India. This discovery brings the number of described species for this genus in India to twelve. This species can be diagnosed by the overall body coloration and distinct morphological & genital features. Descriptions including a habitus photograph, ecology, and diagnostic comparisons among congeners are provided.
All eyes on the island - A book review of The Great Nicobar Betrayal
Authors: Lakshmi Ravinder Nair
Published: July 2024

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Microscopic and submicroscopic exploration of diplolepideae peristome structures in hygroscopic movement
Authors: Wu Yanzhi , Wu Qimei , Zhang Zhaohui , Wang Zhihui
Published: July 2024

Background

The Diplolepideae are the larger group within the Arthrodontae mosses, characterized by peristomes formed from residual cell walls. It is now understood that these peristomes exhibit diverse hygroscopic movements, playing a crucial role in spore release. However, the exact mechanism behind this movement remains unclear, lacking direct evidence. This study investigated the microscopic and submicroscopic structures of the peristomes in three Diplolepideae species: Hypopterygium fauriei (Besch.), Pylaisia levieri (Müll. Hal.) Arikawa and Regmatodon declinatus (Hook.) Brid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to reveal the differences in their hygroscopic movement mechanisms.

Results

The three species exhibited distinct responses upon wetting: H. fauriei’s exostome closed inwards, P. levieri’ opened outwards, and R. declinatus’ elongated significantly. These differences are attributed to the varying microfibril deposition in the exostome layers. Uniform deposition in the inner layer and minimal deposition in the outer layer enabled exostome opening upon wetting and closing when dry. Our findings suggest that the diastole and contraction of fine microfibrils in the exostome plates and ridges are the key drivers of hygroscopic movement.

Conclusions

This study provides further evidence at both the structural and submicroscopic levels, contributing to the unraveling of the hygroscopic movement mechanism in Diplolepideae peristomes. This enhanced understanding sheds light on the relationship between peristome structure and function.
Dexmedetomidine administration as a possible cognitive enhancer through increasing the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factors in surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dehbozorgi Masoud , Fereidooni Fatemeh , Bozorgmehr Ramin , Bagherpour Javad Zebarjadi , Shafiee Arman , Mohammadi Ida , Amini Mohammad Javad , Seighali Niloofar , Jafarabady Kyana , Rajai Firouzabadi Shahryar , Akbarzade Diba , Bahri Razman Arabzadeh
Published: July 2024

Objective

This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in individuals undergoing various medical procedures. We systematically searched electronic databases and manually identified relevant articles to assess the impact of dexmedetomidine on BDNF levels in surgical patients.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases with no language restrictions. Studies that examined the effects of dexmedetomidine administration on BDNF levels in surgical patients were included.

Results

The overall analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in BDNF levels in individuals receiving dexmedetomidine compared to controls (Standardized Mean Difference SMD = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.28; I2: 89%). Subgroup analyses based on the anesthesia method (p < 0.01), and the type of surgery (p < 0.01) showed significant between-group differences (Fig. 3). The results of the sensitivity analyses indicated that individual studies did not significantly affect the overall results.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis indicates that dexmedetomidine administration is associated with a significant increase in BDNF levels in individuals undergoing surgical procedures. These findings highlight the potential role of dexmedetomidine in modulating BDNF levels, which may have implications for optimizing perioperative neuroprotective strategies and improving patient outcomes.
Implementation and adoption of SOAP-M and SBAR at a German anesthesiology department – a single-center survey study
Authors: Keil Oliver , Wegener Justus Bernd , Schiller Benjamin , Vetter Mathäus , Flentje Markus , Eismann Hendrik
Published: July 2024

Background

Checklists are a common tool used in order to mitigate risks caused by human factors and can facilitate the safe induction of anesthesia as well as handovers. SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) is a checklist recommended by the WHO and DGAI for handovers, while SOAP-M (Suction, Oxygen, Airway, Pharmaceuticals, Monitoring) is a checklist for the induction of anesthesia. This study investigates the implementation and adoption of these two checklists.

Methods

We conducted a single-center online survey one year after the implementation of SOAP-M and SBAR at a university hospital’s anesthesiology department, using scales from three validated questionnaires to assess safety attitudes as well as the behavior of staff and the perceived usefulness of the checklists.

Results

Staff with a high score in general attitude towards patient safety, as determined by the safety attitudes questionnaire, considered both checklists useful additions to their work environment. Nurses and physicians (p = 0.102) as well as groups divided according to work experience (p = 0.077) showed no significant differences in using SOAP-M and SBAR. Perceived usefulness was significantly higher (p < 0.001) among users of the checklists, and the same goes for positive reinforcement (p < 0.001), social cues (p = 0.0215) and goal cues (p = 0.0252).

Conclusion

SOAP-M and SBAR are perceived as useful checklists for patient handovers and anesthesia induction by tertiary referral hospital’s employees with high score in general safety attitude and were therefore commonly used one year after their introduction. No significant difference in checklist adoption between occupations as well as groups divided according to work experience could be found. Perceived usefulness is significantly higher among users of the checklist, who feel using the checklists provides more support.
Association between dietary inflammatory index and energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and constipation in US adults
Authors: Zhao Xuelian , Wang Xiaoyu , Quan Longfang
Published: July 2024

Background

Diet and inflammation are associated with constipation. Dietary inflammation index (DII) and energy-dietary inflammation index (E-DII) have not been evaluated together with constipation. Therefore, this study was conducted to further observe the relationship between DII and E-DII and constipation in American adults.

Methods

Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 12,400 adults aged 20 years and older between 2005 and 2010. DII and E-DII were obtained by employing data from the two 24-h dietary recall of the participants. Constipation was defined and categorized using the Bristol Stool Form Scale.

Results

In the logistic regression model, the relationship between DII and E-DII and constipation remained positive after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.20 in DII logistic regression model III; odds ratio [OR] = 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.17 in E-DII logistic regression model III). Constipation was more common in quartile 4 (DII: 2.87—5.09; E-DII: 1.78—8.95) than in quartile 1 (DII: -5.11—0.25; E-DII: -2.60—0.11) (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.30–2.47 in DII and OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.25–2.46 in E-DII for all participants; OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.39–3.00 in DII OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.39–3.47 in E-DII for males; OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.08–3.22 and OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.06–3.06 for females). These results were confirmed using multiple imputations.

Conclusions

The findings of this study show that a high DII and E-DII were associated with an increased incidence of constipation among US adults.