bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONCEPT OF “DUTY TO PROTECT”: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ANALYSIS AND PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Rebkalo M.M. , Oliinyk V.S. ,   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The article provides an international and legal description of the concept “Duty to protect”. The problems of implementing this concept are analyzed. It is noted that the latter problems arose due to the presence of conflicts between the content of the concept and some principles of international law, namely: inviolability of state sovereignty, non-use of force or threat of force, prohibition of interference in the internal affairs of other states. Key words: “Duty to protect”, principles of international law, state sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs, non-use of force and threat of force, collective measures, military force.
Prevalence, endoscopic and histopathological characteristics of early gastric cancer in Vietnamese patients
Authors: Tran Truc Le Thanh , Luu Mai Ngoc , Tran Vy Ly Thao , Le Nhan Quang , Nguyen Tai Duy , Quach Duc Trong
Published: April 2023

In Vietnam, gastric cancer (GC) ranks 4th in incidence and 3rd in mortality among all cancers. Most of the new GC cases in Vietnam were diagnosed at an advanced stage. Data on early gastric cancer (EGC) in Vietnam is very limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, endoscopic and histopathological characteristics of EGC among Vietnamese patients.

This is a retrospective study conducted at the University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from January 2014 to December 2019. Electronic medical records of patients with EGC were reviewed to collect data regarding age, gender, endoscopic findings of EGC lesions (including location, size, and their type according to the Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma), and histopathological characteristics of these lesions based on the resected gastric specimens.

Among 1666 patients with GC, there were 67 EGC cases, accounting for 4.0%. All of the patients diagnosed with EGC were older than 40 years. The detection rate of EGCs gradually increased during the study period. The EGC lesions were mostly located in the antrum-incisura angularis (73.1%) with a median diameter of 1.0 cm. Regarding macroscopic types, a majority of these lesions were classified as type 0-IIc (31.3%) and type 0-IIa+0-IIc (29.9%). The most common histological type of EGC was adenocarcinoma (82.1%) and poorly differentiated type (40.3%).

EGCs are mainly detected in individuals aged over 40 years. EGC lesions are commonly located in the antrum-incisura angularis and have characteristic features including the macroscopic and histological types.
‘Verbs’ in Thesis and Journal-Article Introductions: A Comparative Functional Approach
Authors: Manar Marsandi , Dewanti Ratna
Published: April 2023

This transitivity study aims to delineate the ‘verbs’ employed in the introduction sections of students’ English-major theses (IST) in reference to those of the introduction sections of research articles (ISRA) published by TESOL journal. To obtain this purpose, ten introduction sections from ISRA were analysed as the parameter, and 10 from its IST counterparts were evaluated. Both data sets were initially scrutinized for their categorization of process types. Then the analysis was followed by the categorization of specific processes in each process type. All data analysis was executed by employing the tables of analysis adapted from the transitivity framework of Halliday and Matthiessen. The transitivity analysis reveals that compared with the data of TESOL journal, the meaning making in the IST is inclined to be represented by less investigative processes of material, verbal, and mental clauses. Some less investigative processes are reflected from the verbs ‘use’, ’want’, ‘say’, etc., while the knowledge building processes in the ISRA are shown by more investigative processes such as ‘investigate’, ‘find’, ‘question’,  etc. Overall, in reference to the clauses in the research articles (RA) of TESOL journal, the ones in the introduction sections of students’ undergraduate theses still lack processes for supporting the basis of knowledge building. It is expected that the findings of this study contribute to the field of academic writing, that is, to give insight to student thesis writers into how to make meaning of their introduction functionally.
Hastanelerde Maliyet-Hacim-Kâr Analizlerinin Uygulanabilirliği
Authors: ÖZ Mahmut
Published: April 2023

Hastaneler, bireylerin sağlığını koruma, iyileştirme, engelini ortadan kaldırma vb. ihtiyaçlarının karşılanabilmesi için üretim faktörlerini birlikte kullanarak tedavi edici ve koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerinin üretilip pazarlanma amacı güden işletmelerdendir. Her sektörde olduğu gibi sağlık sektöründe de sermaye sahipleri yatırımlarından maksimum kâr beklerler. Hastane yöneticileri de tüm finans yöneticileri gibi bu amaç doğrultusunda ileriye dönük stratejik palanlar hazırlamak, kararlarını en rasyonel şekilde alabilmek ve işletme kaynaklarının ne kadar etkin ve verimli kullanıldığını bazı yöntemlerden faydalanarak tespit etmeye çalışırlar. Bu makalenin amacı, maliyet-hacim-kâr (başabaş noktası) analizlerinin, hastane yöneticileri için bir yöntem ve karar verme aracı olarak kullanılabilirliğini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öncelikle, maliyet hacim kar analizi (MHK), hastane maliyet yapıları kısaca ele alınarak, hastanenin tomografi birimi için MHK analizinin uygulanabilirliği Samsun da Özel Büyük Anadolu Hastanesi tomografi ünitesinde incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde, katkı oranı %93, güvenlik oranı %61, kâr marjının ise %57 gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Sağlık Bakanlığının sağlık uygulama tebliği (SUT) ile tespit ettiği fiyatlandırmanın maliyete dayalı yapılmadığı anlaşılmıştır.
Şuşa Beyannamesi’nin Önemi ve Olası Etkileri
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Durdu Mehmet , KANTAR Gökmen
Published: April 2023

Azerbaycan’ın “İkinci Karabağ Savaşı” ile işgalden kurtarılan Şuşa kentinde, 15 Haziran 2021 tarihinde Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ile Azerbaycan Cumhurbaşkanı İlham Aliyev arasında imzalanan “Şuşa Beyannamesi”, Türkiye-Azerbaycan ilişkilerinde yeni bir dönüm noktası olmuştur. Her iki devletin de meclislerinde onaylanarak 3 Şubat 2022’de yürürlüğe giren bu beyanname, içeriği itibarıyla sadece iki devlet arasındaki ilişkileri müttefiklik düzeyine çıkarmakla kalmamıştır. Bunun yanı sıra ikili ilişkilerin gelecekte nasıl ilerleyeceğine yönelik bir yol haritası, bölgesel barışın, istikrarın ve refahın sağlanması noktasında önemli bazı fırsatlar ve Türk dünyasında iş birliğinin gelişmesi noktasında uygulanabilir bir model de ortaya çıkarmıştır. Buradan hareketle çalışmada anlaşma metni incelenerek, belgenin içeriğine yönelik bilgiler verilmiş, ilgili literatür ve açık kaynaklar incelenerek anlaşmanın gelecekteki olası etkileri ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmış ve anlaşmanın, bölgesel istikrar ve barışın ortaya çıkmasında sunduğu fırsatlar belirtilmiştir. Anlaşma hükümlerinin uygulanabilmesi halinde, Türkiye ile Azerbaycan arasındaki iş birliğinin artan bir ivme ile devam edeceği, Türkiye’nin Kafkasya ve hatta Türk dünyasında etki kapasitesinin artacağı, Kafkasya bölgesinde barış ve istikrarın Ermenistan’ın tutumuna da bağlı olarak yeniden tesis edilebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca bu anlaşmanın bölgesel bir iş birliği mekanizmasının kurucu belgesi olabileceği öngörülmüştür.
Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Hendeseden Geometriye
Authors: VATANSEVER Erhan , AYDOĞDU Mustafa Zeki
Published: April 2023

İnsanoğlu yaratıldığı ilk günden itibaren hayatta kalabilmek, çevresini ve doğayı tanıyabilmek için aklını kullanmıştır. Bu aklını kullanış insanoğluna birçok alanda bilgi ve beceri kazandırmada oldukça önemli bir katkı sağlamıştır. Günümüz insanoğlunun aklı sayesinde kazandığı bu yetenekleri elde etmesinde Hendese’nin (Geometri) oldukça önemli bir yeri vardır. Bu yüzden matematik biliminin dolayısıyla Hendese’nin (Geometri) ilk esin kaynağı hiç şüphesiz insan ve onun tanımaya, hükmetmeye çalıştığı çevresidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı eğitimimizi ve eğitim kurumlarını modernleştirmeye başladığımız 19. yüzyıldan günümüze kadar insanlık tarihi için oldukça önemli bir yeri olan Hendese (Geometri) dersinin; ders saati, içerik ve kazanım bakımından geçirdiği gelişimi incelemektir. Araştırma ülkemizde ilk modern okulların açıldığı 19. yüzyıl ortalarından günümüze kadarki dönemi içermektedir. Yaklaşık 170 yıllık bu zaman zarfında Hendese (Geometri) dersi okul müfredatlarındaki haftalık ders saati ve ders içerikleri bakımından karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmada doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular geçmiş dönem ders kitaplarının günümüzdekilerden ayıran en önemli özelliğinin ortaokul ve lise düzeyindeki kitaplarda daha fazla teorik konuların yer aldığını, teoremlerin ispatları gibi günümüz ortaokul ve lise müfredatında pek yer verilmeyen konuları içerdiğini göstermektedir. Geçmiş dönem ders kitaplarında problemlere yer verilse de günümüz ders kitapları gelişen dünyaya ayak uydurarak problem çözme konusuna daha fazla odaklanmıştır. Geçmiş dönem Geometri müfredatı ile günümüz müfredatını birbirinden ayıran önemli bir nokta da meslek liselerinde okutulan içerikle ilgilidir. Geçmiş dönem meslek lisesi müfredatında konular mesleki uygulamalara dair örnekler üzerinden işlenmekte iken günümüzde geometri müfredatı konularla ilgili temel bilgiler üzerinden yürütülmekte ve kitaplarda geometri kazanımlarının mesleki uygulamalara dair örnekler yer almamaktadır.
Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı’na Üye Ülkelerde Endüstri İlişkileri
Authors: TİYEK Ramazan , BALCI Bayram
Published: April 2023

Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı, aynı etnik ve kültürel bağlara sahip ülkelerin oluşturmuş olduğu bölgesel bir yapıdır. 5 asil ve 2 gözlemci statüsünde üyesi olan Teşkilat, resmi olarak 20-21 Ekim 2021 tarihinde kurulmuştur. Birliğin kurulmasında sadece çıkar ilişkileri gözetilmemiş tarihi sorumlulukların gereği de yerine getirilmiştir. Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı üyesi ülkelerde işgücü yapısı ve endüstri ilişkilerinin karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. 163 milyonluk nüfusa sahip olan Teşkilat’ta çalışma çağındaki nüfusun oranı (15-64 yaş) % 65,52’dir. İstihdamın ağırlıklı olarak hizmetler sektöründe (ortalama % 52,8) yer aldığı Teşkilat’ta ortalama işsizlik oranı % 6,41’dir. Sendikal hakların kazanılmasında rehber olarak değerlendirilen temel ILO Sözleşmeleri tüm üye ülkeler tarafından kabul edilmiştir. Bu durum ülkelerin ilgili yasaları tarafından da onaylanmıştır. Bununla birlikte kamu görevlilerinin sendikalaşması ile ilgili 151 No’lu ILO Sözleşmesi sadece 3 ülke (Azerbaycan, Türkiye, Macaristan) tarafından kabul edilmiştir. Her ne kadar sendikalarla ilgili yasal düzenlemeler kabul edilmiş olsa da sendikalaşma ve toplu pazarlıktan yararlanma oranı düşük seviyelerdedir.
Türk Dünyası Ortak Kripto Para Vizyonu: TDCoin
Authors: DENİŞ Halil Emre , DEMİRCİOĞLU Fatih
Published: April 2023

Günümüz teknolojisiyle birlikte her alanda hızlı ilerlemeler kaydedilmekte ve bu durumdan para da büyük ölçüde etkilenmektedir. Bireylerin Blockchain teknolojisinin ortaya çıkardığı kripto paralara yönelik ilgisi günden güne artmaktadır. Devletler ise devlet otoritesini sarsacağı endişesi ile kripto paralara mesafeli durmaktadır. Birey düzeyinde kripto paraların her zaman bir tercih olacağı gerçeği dikkate alındığında devletlerle kripto paralar arasındaki entegrasyon sürecinin kolaylaşması ve hızlanmasını sağlamak amacıyla ülkelerin belli düzenlemelere gitmesi kaçınılmaz hale gelecektir. Kripto paraların kullanımının giderek yaygınlaşması devlet otoritelerinin kripto paralara yönelik bakış açısının yeniden sorgulanması gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Ayrıca ortak kullanım alanı sağlayan kripto para konseptleri bölgesel bütünleşme çabaları açısından yeni fırsatları beraberinde getirmektedir. Türk Dünyası’nın da yasal ve idari düzenlemelerle teknolojik her ilerlemeyi kullanması ve ekonomik gelişmişliğe katkı yapacak yeniliklere öncülük etmesi gereklidir. Bu bağlamda Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı üye ülkeleri arasındaki ekonomik ilişkilerin geldiği nokta ve bu uluslararası örgütün tam iktisadi bütünleşme hedefine yönelik politikalar geliştirme vizyonu dikkate alındığında Türk Dünyası’nın ortak bir para birimine er ya da geç ihtiyaç duyacağı kesindir. Bu muhtemel ortak para biriminin kripto para olarak düzenlenmesi Türk Dünyası açısından klasik ulusal para birimlerine göre birçok açıdan avantaj sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı ile bağlantılı olarak tüm Türk Dünyası’nın ortak biçimde kullanabileceği bir kripto para biriminin ana hatlarını ve işleyişini ortaya koymaktır.
Myxoma in Pediatric Patients: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Islam Md Zahidul , Jahan Sakila Israt , Khan Abu Shadat Mohammad Saem , Hassan Muhammad Kamrul , Rushel Khondokar Shamim Shahriar Ziban
Published: April 2023

Background: Pediatric cardiac tumor is a very rare entity with an autopsy frequency 0.0017-0.28%. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and outcome of pediatric patients with myxoma.
Methods: Nine Patients with myxoma treated between January 2008 & December 2019 were included into this retrospective study. The patients’ age ranged from 4 years to 11 years and weight from 10-20 kg. All patients were diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography.
Results: We did complete resection of tumor in all patients under cardiopulmonary bypass. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 55 minutes & mean cross clamp time was 34 means. Mean ICU stay was 3 days. Six (66.33%) tumors found in left atrium, while 2 (22.11%) found in right atrium and 1(11.06%) in right ventricle. Histopathological report of all 9 tumors revealed myxoma. 1 patient developed left sided hemiparesis and another 1 patient developed wound infection. No mortality or recurrence in follow up period.
Conclusion: Myxoma is the commonest primary cardiac tumor. Surgery of cardiac tumor can result in good early and long-term outcome.   
Cardiovasc j 2023; 15(2): 132-135
Aetiology and Clinical Profile of Giant Left Atrium – An Observational Study
Authors: Islam A K M Monwarul , Majumder Abdullah AS , Ullah Mohammad , Rahman Md Toufiqur , Khalequzzaman Md , Kabiruzzaman Md , Ghosh Sujit Kumar , Rahman Shovan , Dutta Bijoy , Azad Shahriar , Ahmad Tanveer , Kabir Shahriar , Bashar AbuI Hasan Muhammad , Ahmed Mezbah Uddin
Published: April 2023

Background: The predominant cause of giant left atrium (GLA) is rheumatic mitral valvular disease. GLA is commonly defined echocardiographically by measuring the left atrial diameter (LAD). In the context of changing epidemiology of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) globally, and introduction of left atrial volume index (LAVI), the aetiology of GLA and utility of LAVI for defining GLA may be necessary.

Methods: The prospective observational study was carried out at a dedicated tertiary care cardiac centre of a developing country to know the aetiology and clinical pattern of GLA over 8 years. GLA was defined echocardiographically as a left atrium (LA) having a diameter ≥80 mm in the left parasternal long-axis view. Follow-up was made over the telephone.  

Results: Thirty cases of GLA were diagnosed over 8 years from 2013 to 2021. Twenty two were due to rheumatic heart disease (RHD), 7 due to MVP, and 1 due to flail anterior mitral leaflet. Mean LAD was 92.13 ± 16.72 mm, and the mean LAVI was 288.77 ± 134.40 ml/m2. LA thrombus was present in 5 patients, 6 had spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) in LA, 2 had both LA thrombus and SEC. Mean follow-up was 0.99 ± 1.06 years. Out of 15 patients, 5 died, while 10 were alive. Mean survival was 1.8 ± 1.17 years, ranging from less than 1 year to 4 years.

Conclusion: RHD continues to be the predominant cause of GLA; however, MVP is also important. The cut-off value of LAVI for defining GLA needs further study.
Cardiovasc j 2023; 15(2): 151-158
Endocrine Hypertension: Overview of Current Understanding
Authors: Chowdhury Chirantan , Aman Ruchita , Siddiqua Ashrafi , Al Mamiun Md Abdullah , Rohan M Istiak , Hasan Md Mahmud , Rafeya Ismat , Zaman Marium , Amiruzzaman Md , Haque Farzana , Kabir Humayun , Hosen Mobarak , Basu Kamalesh Chandra , Sharifuzzaman Mirza , Islam Moinul , Saifuddin M , Prasad Indrajit
Published: April 2023

Hypertension is a leading cardiovascular risk factor with significant morbidity and mortality. Sometimes it remains difficult to find out the actual cause and to manage in a large segment of population. So, the ability to identify a contributing or secondary cause that is potentially curable for all patient with hypertension is of great importance and challenging. Endocrine hypertension is one of the common forms of secondary hypertension. Primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, and other causes of mineralocorticoid excess are among the common causes of endocrine hypertension. Published literature were reviewed about their prevalence, clinical presentation, screening methods and specific management. Now day by day it’s become more challenging for the clinicians to understand the pathophysiology, clinical spectrum of these diseases and improvement of the management protocol because of newer clinical, biochemical, and modern radiological approach.
Cardiovasc j 2023; 15(2): 159-174
Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Islam Nighat , Srivastava Sameer , Mehrotra Rahul , Mustaqueem Arif , Bala Poppy
Published: April 2023

One of the rare cardiac anomaly is Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) that can rupture spontaneously into other cardiac chambers or the pericardial space.1 Here, we report a rare case of a right coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with rupture into the Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT).
Cardiovasc j 2023; 15(2): 182-184
The Great Pioneers of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Is it Necessary to Ascertain Anybody the Fatherhood of CABG?
Authors: Anisuzzaman Md , Hosain Nazmul , Kabir Md Humayun
Published: April 2023

Coronary bypass operation is one of the greatest achievements of medical science in the 20th century. Alexis Carrel in 1910 and Arthur Vineberg in 1945 tried to perform surgical revascularization of the diseased coronary arteries.  In the beginning of the 1950s many surgeons attempted experimentally to anastomose internal thoracic artery to the coronary arteries. Success was achieved simultaneously and independently by Vladimir Demikhov in Russia and Gordon Murray in Canada. Then the real success come of mammary-coronary bypass with tantalum ring by Robert H Goetz and with suture technique by Vasilii I Kolesov. Then autogenous great saphenous vein used by Rene G Favaloro and others and made the procedure popular worldwide. Which contribution is greater, when medicine depends on evolution and big accomplishment reached by means of the contribution of many. There comes the interesting question who should be given the credit of introducing this major surgical procedure, and along comes the ethical issue whether any single individual should be ascertained the fatherhood of CABG or any historic event at all!
Cardiovasc j 2023; 15(2): 185-188
Una revisión sistemática respecto de la cultura organizacional y la génesis del sindrome de burnout
Authors: Oliveira Marcia Silva de , Cardoso Neto Antonio da Costa
Published: April 2023

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar si la cultura organizacional puede, de hecho, generar un impacto directo en la salud mental y física del empleado, facilitando el desarrollo del síndrome de burnout. Así, se intentó esclarecer, a través de estudios previamente publicados, la situación de los ambientes de trabajo de los profesionales de la salud y la educación; con el fin de observar si estos pueden afectar la salud de los actores al punto que desarrollen el síndrome de burnout. De esta forma, se realizó una revisión sistemática, con el objetivo de definir lo previamente especificado, y entender qué se puede hacer para mitigar esta situación. Se definieron algunos artículos para la construcción de la introducción, para una mejor comprensión del tema y, como material de discusión, se seleccionaron ocho estudios, que abordan tanto la propia visión de los profesionales sobre el tema, como también destacan las principales causas de este guión. En este contexto, fue posible inferir que se trata de un problema de extrema gravedad y urgencia, sujeto a una mayor atención organizacional/profesional.
Desafios e potencialidades do trabalho em equipe multiprofissional de saúde no atendimento às redes de urgência e emergência
Authors: Araújo Hayslla Mikaella do Couto , Nascimento Talia Aparecida Alves , Azambuja Nívia Maria Carvalho , Silva Paula Giovanna , Azevedo Valéria Amanda , Dourado Daniele Coelho , Dourado Viviane Coelho
Published: April 2023

O serviço ofertado pela equipe multiprofissional, a fim de prestar atenção integral ao paciente crítico dentro de suas interdependências reconhecidas tem sido cada vez mais frequente nos cenários de urgência e emergência. Haja vista a grande diversidade de profissões que podem atender e desenvolver olhar clínico de diferentes perspectivas profissionais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo buscar e analisar as evidências que apontam os desafios percorridos pela equipe multiprofissional de saúde no atendimento às redes de urgência e emergência, exaltando suas conquistas e importância para com o trabalho em equipe. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória de natureza qualitativa, cuja fundamentação e desenvolvimento foi realizado a partir de levantamento bibliográfico, se caracterizando como revisão de literatura integrativa. Como resultado da pesquisa notou-se como grande desafio do trabalho em equipe multiprofissional a falha na comunicação interprofissional e por vezes o não reconhecimento profissional como parte da equipe de cuidado. Pode-se concluir a escassez de estudos enfatizando a equipe multiprofissional no cuidado centrado ao paciente e a deficiência de educação continuada nas unidades de urgência e emergência, enfatizando a necessidade de desenvolver atividades que possam encorajar, estimular discussões e reflexões de cunho multiprofissional pelas equipes para que assim as equipes possam desenvolver o papel decisório no planejamento terapêutico do paciente de forma gradual e interprofissional.
Outbreak of Cryptocaryon irritans infection in silver pomfret Pampus argenteus cultured in China
Authors: Huang K , Li X , Yue X , Cui H , Huang W , Ma R , Jiang J , Jin S , Wang Y , Xie J
Published: April 2023

Silver pomfret Pampus argenteus is a major cultivated marine fish species with a high market value. In summer 2021, Cryptocaryon irritans, a ciliate parasite, infected the cultured silver pomfret in aquaculture ponds in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. The symptoms of infected fish include white spots on the skin and fins, increased body surface mucus, loss of appetite, irritability, and shedding of scales. After collecting white spots from moribund fish, the 18S ribosomal RNA sequence of the pathogen on the fish skin was amplified by PCR; phylogenetic analysis showed that it was closely related to C. irritans strains from Ningde, Fujian, China. Four groups of silver pomfret were tested in an artificial infection experiment over the course of 72 h, consisting of 3 infected groups (1600, 4000, and 8000 theronts fish-1) and 1 healthy group. White spots were observed on the skin and fins of the infected fish, but not on their gills. Samples were taken from the gills, liver, kidney, and spleen of both infected and healthy fish and were compared to evaluate any significant histopathological differences. As the dose of infection increased, symptoms became more pronounced. At 72 h, mortality rates were 8.3, 50, and 66.7% for the 3 different concentrations, respectively. The median lethal concentration was calculated to be 366 theronts g-1 at 72 h, 298 theronts g-1 at 84 h, and 219 theronts g-1 at 96 h. This study emphasizes the importance of developing early diagnosis methods and appropriate prevention strategies to decrease the impact of C. irritans infection in the silver pomfret aquaculture industry.
Range expansion and population shifts of estuarine fishes in a changing subtropical estuary
Authors: Adams DH , Edwards DD , Schneider JE , Searles AR
Published: April 2023

Catastrophic losses (ca. 95%) of seagrass and increased environmental degradation have occurred during the past decade in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) estuary on the US Atlantic coast of Florida. Changes were observed in the abundance of 2 closely related sparid fishes in these estuarine waters based on fishery-independent monitoring efforts over 22 yr: sea bream Archosargus rhomboidalis significantly increased, while sheepshead A. probatocephalus simultaneously declined. These abundance trends and a northward expansion of sea bream into areas where they had never been documented were associated with an annual minimum water temperature increase of approximately 1.5°C, an annual mean water temperature increase of 0.9°C, and an annual mean salinity increase of 7.6 ppt. Lost seagrass habitat was often replaced by species belonging to the attached macroalgae genus Caulerpa or remained bare. Our findings suggest that sea bream, a tropical herbivore, are expanding poleward into the northern IRL, which may further negatively impact the potential recovery of sheepshead populations via competition. Furthermore, observed declines in seagrasses and populations of dependent species, including sheepshead, will likely continue if anthropogenic perturbations persist or expand. Long-term monitoring is essential for the timely detection of population changes and range shifts to better refine direct fisheries management of existing species and determine the potential need for management of recently expanding fish species should new fisheries emerge. Effective monitoring also allows for more proactive restoration of critical habitats and water conditions to minimize further adverse effects on fishes and other estuarine biota.
Child Studies Multiple
Authors: Sparrman Anna , Hrechaniuk Yelyzaveta , Anatoli Smith Olga , Andersson Klara , Arzuk Deniz , Annerbäck Johanna , Bodén Linnea , Blaise Mindy , Castañeda Claudia , Coleman Rebecca , Eßer Florian , Finn Matt , Gustafsson Daniel , Holmqvist Peter , Josefsson Jonathan , Kraftl Peter , Lee Nick , Lesnik-Oberstein Karín , Mitchell Sarah , Murris Karin , Orrmalm Alex , Oswell David , Prout Alan , Rosen Rachel , Runswick-Cole Katherine , Sjöberg Johanna , Smith Karen , Spyrou Spyros , Bond Stockton Kathryn , Taylor Affrica , Zehavi Ohad , Zotevska Emilia , Arndt Sonja , Cardell David
Published: April 2023

This text is an exploration of collaborative thinking and writing through theories, methods, and experiences on the topic of the child, children, and childhood. It is a collaborative written text (with 32 authors) that sprang out of the experimental workshop Child Studies Multiple. The workshop and this text are about daring to stay with mess, “un-closure” , and uncertainty in order to investigate the (e)motions and complexities of being either a child or a researcher. The theoretical and methodological processes presented here offer an opportunity to shake the ground on which individual researchers stand by raising questions about scientific inspiration, theoretical and methodological productivity, and thinking through focusing on process, play, and collaboration. The effect of this is a questioning of the singular academic ‘I’ by exploring and showing what a plural ‘I’ can look like. It is about what the multiplicity of voice can offer research in a highly individualistic time. The article allows the reader to follow and watch the unconventional trial-and-error path of the ongoing-ness of exploring theories and methods together as a research community via methods of drama, palimpsest, and fictionary.
A novel tier-based numerical analysis procedure for the structural assessment of masonry quay walls under traffic loads
Authors: Sharma Satyadhrik , Longo Michele , Messali Francesco
Published: April 2023

Historical quay walls constructed in unreinforced masonry are integral elements of many cities. Originally designed as gravity retaining walls, they are nowadays often subjected to the action of traffic loads as a result of vehicles travelling on roads constructed on their backfill. This paper presents a numerical analysis procedure for carrying out the structural assessment of quay walls under traffic loads. The procedure simulates the non-linear dynamic response of the quay wall under the effect of the passage of a vehicle. Non-linear dynamic calculations are performed not only to be representative of the actual nature of loading but also to produce realistic estimations of structural safety, load redistribution capacities and displacements. Adopting a tier-based approach, the computational burden typically associated with such simulations is significantly reduced. This is obtained by adopting simplifications which allow for the modelling the 3D soil block comprising the backfill of the quay wall only in the first tier of the procedure. To demonstrate the implementation of the procedure, a detailed application to an existing quay wall in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, is presented. Different foundation damage scenarios are also considered. Though the procedure is presented in this paper for a specific typology of quay walls, it has conceptual and methodological value. With appropriate modifications it can be used for the structural assessment of other earth retaining structures as well, under the effect of vehicular traffic on their backfills.
The infrastructural role of education in the social and investment model of economic growth: the specifics of emerging markets
Authors: Semenova Galina N. , Krupnov Yuriy A. , Kostyukova Elena I. , Satsuk Tatiana P.
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this paper is to determine the directions and to specify the infrastructural role of higher education in the social and investment model of economic growth in view of the specifics and perspectives of emerging economies. Correlation analysis is used to determine the dependence between the directions of higher education’s development and the target results of its contribution to the implementation of the social and investment model of economic growth in emerging economies. These connections are specified with the help of regression analysis. Then, the simplex method is used to determine target landmarks for the selected directions. According to the experience of the top emerging economies with the highest level of economic innovative development in 2020, maximization (up to 100%) of knowledge-intensive employment (+299.29%), medium-tech and hi-tech manufacturing (+223.42%) and e-participation (+19.98%) requires the increase in the number of students per 1 lecturer in higher education by 387.26%, growth of mobility in higher education by 1,116.27%, and increase in QS university ranking by 139.13%. It is proved that only three directions of higher education’s development are significant and have to be implemented to support social and investment model of economic growth in emerging economies: increase in the number of students per 1 lecturer in higher education, growth of mobility in higher education, and increase in QS university ranking.
Immunological role and prognostic value of the SKA family in pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Li Zhengtian , Huang Lanying , Li Jiachen , Yang Wenkang , Li Weichao , Long Qiuzhong , Dai Xinyu , Wang Hongtao , Du Gang
Published: April 2023

Background

The spindle and kinetochore associated (SKA) complex, which plays important roles in proper chromosome segregation during mitosis by maintaining the stabilization of kinetochore-spindle microtubule attachment during mitosis, has recently been reported to exert regulatory effects on the initiation and progression of various human cancer types. Nevertheless, the prognostic significance and immune infiltration of the SKA family across cancers have not been well elucidated.

Methods

Using data from three large public datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, a novel scoring system (termed the SKA score) was developed to quantify the SKA family level across cancers. We then evaluated the prognostic impact of the SKA score on survival and assessed the effect of the SKA score on immunotherapy at the pan-cancer level using multiomics bioinformatic analyses. The correlation of the SKA score and the tumor microenvironment (TME) was also explored in depth. Potential small molecular compounds and chemotherapeutic agents were assessed by CTRP and GDSC analyses. Immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the expression of the SKA family genes.

Results

Our results demonstrated a close correlation between the SKA score and tumor development and prognosis in multiple cancers. The SKA score was positively related to cell cycle pathways and DNA replication across cancers, such as E2F targets, the G2M checkpoint, MYC targets V1/V2, mitotic spindles and DNA repair. Additionally, the SKA score was negatively related to the infiltration of various immune cells with antitumor effects in the TME. In addition, the potential value of the SKA score was identified to predict immunotherapy response for melanoma and bladder cancer. We also demonstrated a correlation between SKA1/2/3 and the response to drug treatment across cancers and the promising potential of the SKA complex and its genes as therapeutic targets in cancer. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression differences of SKA1/2/3 were significant between the breast cancer group and the paracancerous group.

Conclusion

The SKA score plays a critical role in 33 cancer types and is highly related to tumor prognosis. Patients with elevated SKA scores have a clear immunosuppressive TME. The SKA score may serve as a predictor for patients receiving anti-PD-1/L1 therapy.
Study protocol: a prospective single-center study for non-invasive biomonitoring of renal complications in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Baier Eva , Korsten Peter , Strauß Arne , Thoms Kai-Martin , Overbeck Tobias , Ströbel Philipp , Tampe Björn
Published: April 2023

Background

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has powerfully broadened the scope of treatment options for malignancies with an ongoing increase of indications, but immune-related adverse events (irAEs) represent a serious threat to treatment success. Agents directed against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand 1 (PD-L1) are known to cause renal complications with an incidence of 3%. In contrast, subclinical renal involvement is estimated to be much higher, up to 29%. We recently reported about urinary flow cytometry-based detection of urinary PD-L1-positive (PD-L1+) kidney cells correlating with tubular PD-L1-positivity that reflected susceptibility to develop ICI-related nephrotoxicity as an irAE attending ICI treatment. Therefore, we designed a study protocol to evaluate urinary detection of PD-L1+ kidney cells as a tool for non-invasive biomonitoring of renal complications in cancer patients treated with ICIs.

Methods

A prospective, controlled, non-interventional, longitudinal, single-center observational study will be conducted at the Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany. We intend to enroll approximately 200 patients treated with immunotherapy from the Departments of Urology, Dermatology, and Hematology and Medical Oncology of the University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany. First, we will assess clinical, laboratory, histopathological, and urinary parameters in addition to urinary cell collection. Then, we will perform a correlative analysis between urinary flow cytometry of different PD-L1+ cell of renal origin with the onset of ICI-related nephrotoxicity.

Discussion

Because of growing ICI-treatment applicability with an expectable incidence of renal complications, providing cost-efficient and easily performable diagnostic tools for treatment-attendant and non-invasive biomonitoring becomes vital to improve both renal and overall survival rates in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy.

Trial registration

https://www.drks.de, DRKS-ID DRKS00030999.
Memory SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response in convalescent COVID-19 patients with undetectable specific IgG antibodies: a comparative study
Authors: Fernández-Moreno Raquel , Valle-Arroyo Jorge , Páez-Vega Aurora , Salinas Ana , Cano Angela , Pérez Ana B. , Torre-Cisneros Julián , Cantisán Sara
Published: April 2023

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a variable percentage of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection failed to elicit humoral response. This study investigates whether patients with undetectable SARS-CoV-2 IgG are able to generate SARS-CoV-2 memory T cells with proliferative capacity upon stimulation.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted with convalescent COVID-19 patients, diagnosed with a positive real-time PCR (RT-PCR) from nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. COVID-19 patients were enrolled ≥3 months after the last PCR positive. Proliferative T-cell response after whole blood stimulation was assessed using the FASCIA assay.

Results

A total of 119 participants (86 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients and 33 healthy controls) were randomly filtered from an initial cohort. Of these 86 patients, 59 had detectable (seropositive) and 27 had undetectable (seronegative) SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Seropositive patients were subclassified as asymptomatic/mild or severe according to the oxygen supplementation requirement. SARS-CoV-2 CD3+ and CD4+ T cells showed significantly lower proliferative response in seronegative than in seropositive patients. The ROC curve analysis indicated that ≥ 5 CD4+ blasts/μL of blood defined a “positive SARS-CoV-2 T cell response”. According to this cut-off, 93.2% of seropositive patients had a positive T-cell response compared to 50% of seronegative patients and 20% of negative controls (chi-square; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This proliferative assay is useful not only to discriminate convalescent patients from negative controls, but also to distinguish seropositive patients from those with undetectable SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Memory T cells in seronegative patients are able to respond to SARSCoV-2 peptides, although at a lower magnitude than seropositive patients.
A status assessment of selected data synthesis products for ocean biogeochemistry
Authors: Lange Nico , Tanhua Toste , Pfeil Benjamin , Bange Hermann W. , Lauvset Siv K. , Grégoire Marilaure , Bakker Dorothee C. E. , Jones Steve D. , Fiedler Björn , O’Brien Kevin M. , Körtzinger Arne
Published: April 2023

Ocean data synthesis products for specific biogeochemical essential ocean variables have the potential to facilitate today’s biogeochemical ocean data usage and comply with the Findable Accessible Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) data principles. The products constitute key outputs from the Global Ocean Observation System, laying the observational foundation for information and services regarding climate and environmental status of the ocean. Using the Framework of Ocean Observing (FOO) readiness level concept, we present an evaluation framework for biogeochemical data synthesis products, which enables a systematic assessment of each product’s maturity. A new criteria catalog provides the foundation for assigning scores to the nine FOO readiness levels. As an example, we apply the assessment to four existing biogeochemical essential ocean variables data products. In descending readiness level order these are: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT); the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP); the MarinE MethanE and NiTrous Oxide (MEMENTO) data product and the Global Ocean Oxygen Database and ATlas (GO2DAT). Recognizing that the importance of adequate and comprehensive data from the essential ocean variables will grow, we recommend using this assessment framework to guide the biogeochemical data synthesis activities in their development. Moreover, we envision an overarching cross-platform FAIR biogeochemical data management system that sustainably supports the products individually and creates an integrated biogeochemical essential ocean variables data synthesis product; in short a system that provides truly comparable and FAIR data of the entire biogeochemical essential ocean variables spectrum.
Collaborative control for in situ monitoring of molten pool in selective laser melting
Authors: Lin Xin , Liu Bing , Shen Anchao , Cui Zhiwei , Zhu Kunpeng
Published: April 2023

In situ monitoring during the selective laser melting (SLM) process is a promising solution to mitigate defects and improve the quality of as-built parts. However, the existing monitoring platform lacks collaborative control of the process monitoring components, and as a result, it cannot realize a real-time and accurate signal acquisition at a close distance and multiple angles during the whole printing process. In this paper, driven by multiple motors, an off-axis monitoring platform is constructed that enables movement in conjunction with the scraper and laser beam. A fuzzy control-based velocity optimization is proposed to avoid the shock effect on the imaging quality of the CMOS camera and the collision of the scraper and laser. The error between the current location and target location of the molten pool is utilized as the input of the fuzzy controller. Then, the parameters of the PI controller of the stepping motor are dynamically adjusted. ADAMS and SIMULINK co-simulation are conducted to verify the feasibility of the fuzzy algorithm. Finally, the experiment of collaborative motion and the responses of each module are conducted. The results show that with the proposed collaborative platform, the response speed of the system is improved by about 49.6%, and the initial speed of the motor is decreased by about 12.6%, thus avoiding excessive acceleration of the motor. The response time of each motor is ahead of schedule by about 31.8%, which meets the requirements of motion response for SLM process monitoring.
Antibiotic resistance associated lactic acid cross tolerance in Shiga-toxin producing E. coli
Authors: Oguadinma Ikechukwu , Mishra Abhinav , Dev Kumar Govindaraj
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The occurrence of antibiotic resistant (ABR) bacteria in foods is a growing public health challenge. We evaluated sanitizer cross-tolerance among ABR Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 and non-O157:H7 Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) serogroups. Sanitizer tolerance in STEC could be a public health concern as mitigation strategies against the pathogen might be compromised.

Methods

Resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin were evolved in E. coli serogroups: O157:H7 (H1730, and ATCC 43895), O121:H19 and O26:H11. Resistance to antibiotics was evolved chromosomally through incremental exposure to ampicillin (amp C) and streptomycin (strep C). Transformation using a plasmid was performed to confer resistance to ampicillin to generate amp P strep C.

Results

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lactic acid for all strains evaluated was 0.375% v/v. Analysis of bacterial growth parameters in tryptic soy broth amended with 0.0625% v/v, 0.125% v/v, and 0.25% v/v (subMIC) lactic acid indicated that growth correlated positively with the lag phase duration, and negatively with both the maximum growth rate and change in population density for all strains evaluated except for the highly tolerant variant- O157:H7 amp P strep C. Strains O121 NR (non-ABR), O121 amp C, O121 amp P strep C, O157:H7 H1730 amp C and O157:H7 H1730 amp P strep C were not inactivated after exposure to 1% and 2.5% v/v lactic acid for 300 s. No recovery of cells was observed after the strains were exposed to 5% v/v lactic acid for 300 s. ABR strains O157:H7 H1730 amp C and O157: H7 H1730 amp P strep C demonstrated a high tolerance to lactic acid (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

ABR in isolate E. coli O157: H7 H1730 may improve tolerance to lactic acid. Increased tolerance may be discerned by evaluating growth parameters of bacteria in presence of sub-MIC levels of lactic acid.
Selective enrichment of the raw milk microbiota in cheese production: Concept of a natural adjunct milk culture
Authors: Bettera Luca , Dreier Matthias , Schmidt Remo S. , Gatti Monica , Berthoud Hélène , Bachmann Hans-Peter
Published: April 2023

In cheese production, microorganisms are usually added at the beginning of the process as primary starters to drive curd acidification, while secondary microorganisms, with other pro-technological features important for cheese ripening, are added as selected cultures. This research aimed to investigate the possibilities of influencing and selecting the raw milk microbiota using artisanal traditional methods, providing a simple method to produce a natural supplementary culture. We investigated the production of an enriched raw milk whey culture (eRWC), a natural adjunct microbial culture produced from mixing an enriched raw milk (eRM) with a natural whey culture (NWC). The raw milk was enriched by spontaneous fermentation for 21 d at 10°C. Three milk enrichment protocols were tested: heat treatment before incubation, heat treatment plus salt addition, and no treatment. The eRMs were then co-fermented with NWC (ratio of 1:10) at 38°C for 6 h (young eRWC) and 22 h (old eRWC). Microbial diversity during cultures’ preparation was evaluated through the determination of colony forming units on selective growth media, and next-generation sequencing (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing). The enrichment step increased the streptococci and lactobacilli but reduced microbial richness and diversity of the eRMs. Although the lactic acid bacteria viable count was not significantly different between the eRWCs, they harbored higher microbial richness and diversity than NWC. Natural adjunct cultures were then tested in cheese making trials, following the microbial development, and assessing the chemical quality of the 120 d ripened cheeses. The use of eRWCs slowed the curd acidification in the first hours of cheese making but the pH 24 h after production settled to equal values for all the cheeses. Although the use of diverse eRWCs contributed to having a richer and more diverse microbiota in the early stages of cheese making, their effect decreased over time during ripening, showing an inferior effect to the raw milk microbiota. Even if more research is needed, the optimization of such a tool could be an alternative to the practice of isolating, geno-pheno-typing, and formulating mixed-defined-strain adjunct cultures that require knowledge and facilities not always available for artisanal cheese makers.