bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Chromite Slag as a Binder Agent on Stress-Strain Behaviour of Cemented Tailing Backfill in Compression, a Case Study: Faryab Chromite Mine / Wpływ dodatku żużla zawierającego spoiwo w postaci chromitu na wytrzymałość na ściskanie materiału podsadzkowego zawierającego odpady pogórnicze z dodatkiem cementu. studium przypadku: kopalnia chromitu (żelaziaka chromowego) w faryab
Authors: Dehghan Saeed , Shahriar Koroush , Maarefvand Parviz , Goshtasbi Kamran
Published: May 2013

Due to improving the environmental aspect and reduce the backfilling cost, the Faryab mine carry out researches into the replacement of cement by chromite slag. The test samples consisted of tailing from the washing plant of Faryab mine and different binders such as Portland cement, Pozzolanic cement and different combinations of Portland cement with chromite slag. The chromite slag produced by Ferrochromite refinery plant of this mine. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the findings from extensive laboratory test programs carried out to determine the effects of chromite slag on mechanical properties of cemented tailing backfills (CTB). The results show that chromite slag improves the mechanical properties of CTB samples. Also, the results indicate that chromite slag can be used as a replaceable material with cement and reduced 2-3% consumption of cement in 1 m3 of backfill mixes. In addition, improving the environmental conditions can be achieved by reducing the cement content and moving tailing and chromite slag to underground stopes.
Doing Hirsch proud; shaping H-index in engineering sciences
Authors: Czarnecki L. , Kaźmierkowski M.P. , Rogalski A.
Published: May 2013

The h-index concept has been analysed in aspects of a contemporary tendency of parameterisation of everything and as the potential measure of the knowledge progress, which recognises individuals, institutions and Engineering sub-disciplines that best generate new knowledge. Considerations have been presented at the level of universality of knowledge which implies permanent progress and on the base of careful thoughts of the domestic experience. The h-nature of things has been described, and several axiomatic characterisations of the Hirsch index have been gathered. The mechanism how to increase the h-index has been presented. Some similarities between h-index and the journal impact factor (JIF) have been stressed. Also the universal role of H-index in ranking countries in all areas and in Engineering has been exampled in extended tables.

The Glänzel’s model which connects the h-index with two fundamental scientometric indicators: number of publications and the rate of citation, has been analysed. Following the Microsoft Academic Search, the lists of 15 top scientists from various academic disciplines and separately in Engineering have been composed. It has been found that the population of the best keeps basically the same relations between the h-index and a number of publication, and between the h-index and a citation number. However, even the best in Engineering should publish 2 times a year or more papers to receive the same h-index as top scientists in overall domains.

The h-index distribution of domestic Engineering sub-disciplines has been presented and analysed in statistic categories. The suitable hhistograms and the cumulative probability density function (CPDF) have been elaborated for 21 sub-disciplines and thereupon the Engineering sub-disciplines have been arranged into three clusters. It has been demonstrated that Engineering as the whole and Engineering sub-disciplines are underestimated, compared to other academic disciplines. The adequate normalisation factors have been suggested.

Several other conclusions considered the h,H-indices as the measure of the knowledge progress addressed to individual researchers and to collective, e.g., journals, institutions, organisations, countries, adequately have been written. The h,H-indices are the general measure of the position of the given subject (person or organisation) but cannot be universal.
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics versus finite element method for blast impact
Authors: Jankowiak T. , Łodygowski T.
Published: May 2013

The paper considers the failure study of concrete structures loaded by the pressure wave due to detonation of an explosive material. In the paper two numerical methods are used and their efficiency and accuracy are compared. There are the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and the Finite Element Method (FEM). The numerical examples take into account the dynamic behaviour of concrete slab or a structure composed of two concrete slabs subjected to the blast impact coming from one side. The influence of reinforcement in the slab (1, 2 or 3 layers) is also presented and compared with a pure concrete one. The influence of mesh density for FEM and the influence of important parameters in SPH like a smoothing length or a particle distance on the quality of the results are discussed in the paper
Uncertainties in the building process
Authors: Nowak A.S. , Rakoczy A.M.
Published: May 2013

Load and resistance have to be treated as random variables because of natural and man-made uncertainties. Statistical parameters, i.e. bias factors and coefficients of variation, are presented for natural effects of dead load, live load for buildings and bridges, and environmental loads. Man-made effects are more difficult to quantify as they include also human errors. For resistance, the uncertainties are considered as a combination of three factors: material, fabrication and professional. The statistical parameters are shown for structural steel, reinforced concrete, and prestressed concrete. These parameters allow for calculation of the reliability indices for structural components and assessment of the effect of uncertainties in load and resistance on the structural safety
Stability criteria for a class of stochastic distributed delay systems
Authors: Ficak B. , Klamka J.
Published: May 2013

In the paper linear distributed delay stochastic systems are considered. Using theory of stochastic differential equations sufficient conditions for different kinds of stability are formulated and proved. The article attempts to generalise results presented in the paper [1] and thus theorems proved in [1] become a special case of a generalised approach. The considered class is wider - the function that influence dynamics of a problem can be a real solution of N-degree linear deterministic differential equation. Therefore the generalised reduction technique of distributed delay to lumped delay has to be applied. Criteria for numerous properties of the aforementioned class followed Mao theory designed for point delay systems [2, 3]
The study of thermal connecting of telecommunication optical fibers (SiO2: GeO2) and EDF (SiO2: Al2O3, Er) fibers
Authors: Ratuszek M. , Ratuszek M.J. , Hejna J.
Published: May 2013

This paper presents the research on optimization of the splicing process in the electric arc of telecommunication optical fibers and erbium doped EDF fibers. The results of the calculations of diffusion coefficients GeO2 in telecommunication optical fibers and diffusion coefficients Er and Al2O3 (together) in the fiber EDF are presented. Diffusion coefficients were determined for the fusion temperature in the electric arc ≈2000°C, on the basis of changes, along the splice, of spliced thermoluminescence intensity profiles of the fibers. On the basis of knowledge of diffusion coefficients simulation calculation of loss joints of MC SMF fiber (Matched Cladding Single Mode Fiber - SiO2: GeO2) and NZDS SMF (Non Zero Dispersion Shifted - Single Mode Fiber - SiO2: GeO2) with EDF (Erbium Doped Fiber - SiO2: Al2O3, Er) was performed and presented as a function of diffusion time. Experimental studies of optimization of thermal connected MC SMF and NZDS SMF with EDF were presented and compared with theoretical results. This paper presents the results of microscopic observations of defects and diffusion, and X-ray microanalysis in the spliced areas of single-mode telecommunication optical fibers: MC SMF, NZDS-SMF and erbium doped active single mode optical fibers. Studies were performed with the use of the scanning electron microscope JSM5800LV and JSM6610A microscope equipped with EDS X-ray spectrometer. Results showing the influence of heating time on the diffusion of core dopants and the formation of deformations in the splice areas were presented.
Convergence of Regional Human Development Indexes in Poland
Authors: Kusideł Ewa
Published: May 2013

The subject of convergence became popular in Poland upon its accession to the EU in 2004. Since then Poland has been a beneficiary of the cohesion policy – a regional policy of the European Union aimed at increasing the level of economic, social, and territorial (spatial) cohesion. While the economic aspect is a very thoroughly researched area of convergence studies, the social aspects are less often covered by specialist literature. This is the issue raised in this paper which, along with separate measures of social convergence, constructs a region HDI measure to evaluate the social cohesion of Poland’s regions1. Values of regional HDIs in Poland were not known and required calculation, which allowed for drawing conclusions about the standards of living of inhabitants in specific provinces. In general, it was possible to determine that HDIs are rising in all regions, which means, simultaneously, an increase in the standards of living of the provinces’ populations. At the same time, however, that growth was accompanied by increasing divergences in the HDI distribution among regions (sigma-divergence). The study of convergence of specific HDI components also allowed to note that HDI divergences are mainly caused by increasing economic inequalities between regions in Poland (measured by the Gross Domestic Product Index), and inequalities in education (measured by the Education Index).
An adaptive finite element method for Fredholm integral equations of the first kind and its verification on experimental data
Authors: Koshev Nikolay , Beilina Larisa
Published: May 2013

We propose an adaptive finite element method for the solution of a linear Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. We derive a posteriori error estimates in the functional to be minimized and in the regularized solution to this functional, and formulate corresponding adaptive algorithms. To do this we specify nonlinear results obtained earlier for the case of a linear bounded operator. Numerical experiments justify the efficiency of our a posteriori estimates applied both to the computationally simulated and experimental backscattered data measured in microtomography.
Electrode polarization and interface effects in liquid crystal systems with mobile ions: development of a model of bipolar diffusion
Authors: Ganea Constantin
Published: May 2013

The influence of mobile ions on the results of impedance spectroscopy (dielectric spectroscopy) measurements performed on a liquid crystal cell using the new mathematical model recently described was investigated. This mathematical model reformulates the fundamental equation system of continuity for mobile charge carriers and the Poisson equation using new variables. One makes the following assumptions: ions have different mobilities and diffusion coefficients, there is no generation-recombination process, the equilibrium carrier concentrations are uniform and equal each other, the electrodes are either completely blocking or blocked with adsorption-desorption processes. The final result is the analytical expression of the equivalent admittance for the system, allowing to have a clearer picture of the mobile ions and of the processes that occur at the electrode interface influencing the dielectric behavior.
Stress Response to Surgery and Possible Ways of Its Correction
Authors: Ivanovs Igors , Mihelsons Māris , Boka Viesturs
Published: May 2013

The stress response to surgery has two main systemic effects in an organism: neuroendocrine and haemato-immunological. Neuroendocrine effects are induced by changes in the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis. Haematoimmunological effects are characterised by cytokine production, acute phase reaction and lymphocyte and neutrophil proliferation. All of these responses interact closely. Prolongation of the stress response can increase morbidity and worsen postoperative outcome. Surgical stress can be affected by preoperative, perioperative and postoperative factors. In this paper, we review the main neuroendocrine and haemato-immunological changes related to stress and discuss different possible approaches to minimise the stress response to surgery
Specific Structural-Functional Role of the Pronounced Negative Molecular Charge of the Sturgeon Gonadotropin β-Subunit
Authors: Zenkevičs Henriks , Vose Vija
Published: May 2013

Free negatively charged carboxyl groups (COOH) were selectively modified (neutralised) in sturgeon (Acipenser güldenstädti Br) gonadotropic hormone (GTH) β-subunit (βGTH). Eight COOH groups were neutralised by reaction with glycine ethyl ester. Investigation of modified βGTH showed that specific immunoactivity with antiserum raised against standard βGTH was completely lost. Analysis of CD spectra and the content of secondary structure elements of standard and modified βGTH did not indicate any considerable differences. Investigation of reassociated α-β dimer comprising standard αGTH and modified βGTH showed that hormonal activity was completely lost while immunoreactivity was lowered by about 30% in comparison with that of the standard subunit α-β dimer. It was concluded that eight free COOH groups located on the surface of βGTH are the main structural components of the species-specific antigenic determinant groups of the subunit, but are not directly involved in either maintaining the conformation of the subunit nor in its ability to interact with the native counterpart subunit. COOH groups, as bearers of the negative charge located on the surface of βGTH, play a decisive role in the specific hormonal activity of GTH determined by oocyte maturation tests. Free COOH groups are included in the effector zones (active sites) of GTH dimer molecule responsible for the stereospecific interaction with the test-oocyte membrane hormone-sensitive binding (receptor) sites to induce the biological effects.
An Approach to Damage Detection in the Aircraft Structure with the Use of Integrated Sensors – The Symost Project
Authors: Dragan Krzysztof , Dziendzikowski Michał , Leski Andrzej , Dworakowski Ziemowit , Uhl Tadeusz
Published: May 2013

This paper presents an approach to damage growth monitoring and early damage detection in the structure of PZL - 130 ORLIK TC II turbo-prop military trainer aft using the statistical models elaborated by the Polish Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) and the network of the sensors attached to the structure. Drawing on the previous experiences of the AFIT and AGH in structural health monitoring, the present research will deploy an array of the PZT sensors in the structure of the PZL -130 Orlik TC II aircraft. The aircraft has just started Full Scale Fatigue Test (FSFT) that will continue up to 2013. The FSFT of the structure is necessary as a consequence of the structure modification and the change of the maintenance system - the transition to Condition Based Maintenance. In this paper, a novel approach to the monitoring of the aircraft hot-spots will be presented. Special attention will be paid to the preliminary results of the statistical models that provide an automated tool to infer about the presence of damage and its size. In particular, the effectiveness of the selected signal characteristics will be assessed using dimensional reduction methods (PCA) and the so-called averaged damage indices will be delivered. Moreover, the results of the signal classification based on the neural network will be presented alongside the numerical model of the wave propagation. The work contains selected information about the project scope and the results achieved at the preliminary stage of the project
Introduction of Fatigue Markers in Full Scale Fatigue Test of an Aircraft Structure
Authors: Leski Andrzej , Kłysz Sylwester , Lisiecki Janusz , Gmurczyk Gabriel , Reymer Piotr , Bochenek Dariusz , Zasada Dariusz
Published: May 2013

Air Force Institute of Technology participates in the service life assessment programme SEWST. The aim of this programme, funded by the Polish Ministry of Defense, is to modify the operation system of PZL-130 "Orlik" TC-II turbo propelled trainer aircraft. The structural part of the programme is focused on the Full Scale Fatigue Test of the whole airframe to be conducted at the VZLU in the Czech Republic. The load spectrum for the test was developed by the AFIT based on the flight test results. The basic load block represents 200 simulated flight hours and consists of 194 flights showing different levels of severity.

At the end of the Full Scale Fatigue Test a teardown inspection is planned during which it would be most beneficial to be able to determine crack propagation rate by means of a crack surface inspection. Markers are usually visible on most fatigue crack surfaces, however they occur randomly therefore it is almost impossible to conclude anything about the crack history. Since the preliminary load block consisted of separate flights (flight loads together with landing and taxing loads) showing significantly different levels of severity, the easiest way to modify the load block was to change the order of flights within the block. Hence a pilot programme was started at the AFIT which was focused on the determination of the influence of flight sequence on crack appearance. Several load blocks were determined using various techniques of rearranging the order of flights within the preliminary load spectrum.

This approach ensured the preservation of the initial severity of the load block and simultaneously enabled a significant increase in the probability of the markers occurrence introducing neither artificial underloads nor overloads that would most probably affect the crack propagation rate.

Fatigue crack surfaces were inspected using Scanning Electron Microscope. As a result of the investigations a series of images were obtained showing the specimen microstructure with visible markers arranged in the desired sequences. Based on the obtained pictures the most promising load block arrangements were chosen for the Full Scale Fatigue Test.
Preliminary Verification of Selected Solutions for Crack Detection
Authors: Kurnyta Artur , Reymer Piotr
Published: May 2013

Throughout its service life an aircraft is subjected to varying loads. Because of those periodically appearing stresses, undesirable and irreversible changes in structure may occur. As a consequence, cracks are formed, which reduce aircraft structural strength, significantly affecting structural integrity. For that reason, intensive research works are carried out around the world to develop innovative and reliable methods for detection of cracks initiation and propagation. This paper presents two methods of crack detection. One of them uses wireless polymer gages for determining deformation in a test region. The other one uses electrical, resistive ladder sensors for detection of cracks and their length determination.
Efficient Stille Cross-coupling Reaction Catalysed by the Pd(OAc)2/orotic Acid Catalytic System
Authors: Zhang Hong-Ping , Li Xiao-Fang , Li Hong-Yan
Published: May 2013

An efficient Pd(OAc)2/orotic acid catalytic system has been developed for the Stille cross-coupling reaction. In the presence of Pd(OAc)2 and orotic acid, various halides including aryl iodides, aryl bromides, vinyl bromides, and aryl chlorides were coupled efficiently with aryl- and vinyltin compounds to afford the corresponding biaryls and stilbenes. The high catalytic efficacy of Pd(OAc)2/orotic acid has also been demonstrated.
One-pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Imidazoles in a Brønsted Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhong Xia , Zhou Min , Zhou Wei-you , Chen Qun , He Ming-Yang
Published: May 2013

A Brønsted acidic deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid was prepared and was found to be effective for the one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles with high yields. In addition, the deep eutectic solvent is non-toxic, cost-effective and recyclable.
Linking Spatio-Temporal Land Cover Change to Biodiversity Conservation in the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
Authors: Chettri Nakul , Uddin Kabir , Chaudhary Sunita , Sharma Eklabya
Published: May 2013

Land cover change has been one of the major drivers of change leading to an alteration of critical habitats for many of the threatened species worldwide. Species with a narrow range and specialized habitats such as wetland ecosystems are at higher risk. The present paper describes spatial and temporal land use and cover change over the period of last 34 years (1976–2010) in the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR), Nepal. High spatial resolution Indian Remote-Sensing Satellite (IRS) Linear Imaging and Self Scanning Sensor (LISS-4) from 2005 and medium spatial resolution Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) from 1976; Thematic Mapper (TM) from 1989; Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) from 1999 and TM from 2010 were used to generate a land use/land cover map and change analysis. Acquired IRS LISS-4 and Landsat image was orthorectified into Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 45 based on generated digital terrain model (DTM) from a topographic map and Ground Control Point (GCP) from the field. After rectifying all the images, eCognition developer software was used for object-based image analysis (OBIA). The change in the land cover and land use types were compared with the potential habitat of twenty globally significant species present in the reserve. The habitat information was collected from the literature and a map was prepared based on ‘presence’ data, habits and habitats used to identify their distribution pattern. The analysis revealed that the KTWR has gone through significant changes in land cover and ecosystems over the last 34 years due to the change in river course and anthropogenic pressure leading to direct change in habitats of the species. Forests have been reduced by 94% from their original state whereas the grassland has increased by 79% from its original state. On the basis of total land cover, forests, river and stream, swamp and marshes decreased by 16%, 14% and 3% respectively over the last 34 years whereas the grassland has increased by 45%. These ecosystems are also an important habitat for the majority of the species, which is resulting in habitat loss. Notably, the wetland ecosystems (marshes/swamps and river/streams), being one of the most important habitat for many globally threatened species, have changed by more than 30% from their original state in 1976. Based on the analysis, recommendations for management interventions were made.
Drought Stress Acclimation Imparts Tolerance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Pseudomonas syringae in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Ramegowda Venkategowda , Senthil-Kumar Muthappa , Ishiga Yasuhiro , Kaundal Amita , Udayakumar Makarla , Mysore Kirankumar
Published: May 2013

Acclimation of plants with an abiotic stress can impart tolerance to some biotic stresses. Such a priming response has not been widely studied. In particular, little is known about enhanced defense capacity of drought stress acclimated plants to fungal and bacterial pathogens. Here we show that prior drought acclimation in Nicotiana benthamiana plants imparts tolerance to necrotrophic fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and also to hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. S. sclerotiorum inoculation on N. benthamiana plants acclimated with drought stress lead to less disease-induced cell death compared to non-acclimated plants. Furthermore, inoculation of P. syringae pv. tabaci on N. benthamiana plants acclimated to moderate drought stress showed reduced disease symptoms. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in drought acclimated plants were highly correlated with disease resistance. Further, in planta growth of GFPuv expressing P. syringae pv. tabaci on plants pre-treated with methyl viologen showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth. Taken together, these experimental results suggested a role for ROS generated during drought acclimation in imparting tolerance against S. sclerotiorum and P. syringae pv. tabaci. We speculate that the generation of ROS during drought acclimation primed a defense response in plants that subsequently caused the tolerance against the pathogens tested.
Antioxidant Systems from Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): Involvement in the Response to Temperature Changes in Ripe Fruits
Authors: Mateos Rosa , Jiménez Ana , Román Paloma , Romojaro Félix , Bacarizo Sierra , Leterrier Marina , Gómez Manuel , Sevilla Francisca , Del Río Luis , Corpas Francisco , Palma José
Published: May 2013

Sweet pepper is susceptible to changes in the environmental conditions, especially temperatures below 15 °C. In this work, two sets of pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.) which underwent distinct temperature profiles in planta were investigated. Accordingly, two harvesting times corresponding to each set were established: Harvest 1, whose fruits developed and ripened at 14.9 °C as average temperature; and Harvest 2, with average temperature of 12.4 °C. The oxidative metabolism was analyzed in all fruits. Although total ascorbate content did not vary between Harvests, a shift from the reduced to the oxidized form (dehydroascorbate), accompanied by a higher ascorbate peroxidase activity, was observed in Harvest 2 with respect to Harvest 1. Moreover, a decrease of the ascorbate-generating enzymatic system, the γ-galactono-lactone dehydrogenase, was found at Harvest 2. The activity values of the NADP-dependent dehydrogenases analyzed seem to indicate that a lower NADPH synthesis may occur in fruits which underwent lower temperature conditions. In spite of the important changes observed in the oxidative metabolism in fruits subjected to lower temperature, no oxidative stress appears to occur, as indicated by the lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation profiles. Thus, the antioxidative systems of pepper fruits seem to be involved in the response against temperature changes.
C-5 Hydroxyethyl and Hydroxypropyl Acyclonucleosides as Substrates for Thymidine Kinase of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1 TK): Syntheses and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Meščić Andrijana , Krištafor Svjetlana , Novaković Ivana , Osmanović Amar , Müller Ursina , Završnik Davorka , Ametamey Simon , Scapozza Leonardo , Raić-Malić Silvana
Published: May 2013

The efficient syntheses of 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)- and 5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-substituted pyrimidine derivatives bearing 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, acyclovir-, ganciclovir- and penciclovir-like side chains are reported. A synthetic approach that included the alkylation of an N-anionic-5-substituted pyrimidine intermediate (method A) provided the target acyclonucleosides in significantly higher overall yields in comparison to those obtained by method B using sylilation reaction. The phosphorylation assays of novel compounds as potential substrates for thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1 TK) showed that solely pyrimidine 5-substituted acyclonucleosides with a penciclovir-like side chain acted as a fraudulent substrates of HSV-1 TK. Moreover, the uracil derivative with penciclovir-like side chain with less bulky 2-hydroxyethyl substituent at C-5 proved to be a better substrate than the corresponding one with a 3-hydroxypropyl substituent. Therefore, this acyclonucleoside was selected as a lead compound for the development of a positron emission tomography HSV-1 TK activity imaging agent.
Selective Detection and Automated Counting of Fluorescently-Labeled Chrysotile Asbestos Using a Dual-Mode High-Throughput Microscopy (DM-HTM) Method
Authors: Cho Myoung-Ock , Chang Hyo , Lee Donghee , Yu Yeon , Han Hwataik , Kim Jung
Published: May 2013

Phase contrast microscopy (PCM) is a widely used analytical method for airborne asbestos, but it is unable to distinguish asbestos from non-asbestos fibers and requires time-consuming and laborious manual counting of fibers. Previously, we developed a high-throughput microscopy (HTM) method that could greatly reduce human intervention and analysis time through automated image acquisition and counting of fibers. In this study, we designed a dual-mode HTM (DM-HTM) device for the combined reflection and fluorescence imaging of asbestos, and automated a series of built-in image processing commands of ImageJ software to test its capabilities. We used DksA, a chrysotile-adhesive protein, for selective detection of chrysotile fibers in the mixed dust-free suspension of crysotile and amosite prepared in the laboratory. We demonstrate that fluorescently-stained chrysotile and total fibers can be identified and enumerated automatically in a high-throughput manner by the DM-HTM system. Combined with more advanced software that can correctly identify overlapping and branching fibers and distinguish between fibers and elongated dust particles, the DM-HTM method should enable fully automated counting of airborne asbestos.
Design and Characterization of a Fully Differential MEMS Accelerometer Fabricated Using MetalMUMPs Technology
Authors: Qu Peng , Qu Hongwei
Published: May 2013

This paper presents a fully differential single-axis accelerometer fabricated using the MetalMUMPs process. The unique structural configuration and common-centriod wiring of the metal electrodes enables a fully differential sensing scheme with robust metal sensing structures. CoventorWare is used in structural and electrical design and simulation of the fully differential accelerometer. The MUMPs foundry fabrication process of the sensor allows for high yield, good process consistency and provides 20 μm structural thickness of the sensing element, which makes the capacitive sensing eligible. In device characterization, surface profile of the fabricated device is measured using a Veeco surface profilometer; and mean and gradient residual stress in the nickel structure are calculated as approximately 94.7 MPa and −5.27 MPa/μm, respectively. Dynamic characterization of the sensor is performed using a vibration shaker with a high-end commercial calibrating accelerometer as reference. The sensitivity of the sensor is measured as 0.52 mV/g prior to off-chip amplification. Temperature dependence of the sensing capacitance is also characterized. A −0.021fF/°C is observed. The findings in the presented work will provide useful information for design of sensors and actuators such as accelerometers, gyroscopes and electrothermal actuators that are to be fabricated using MetalMUMPs technology.
Special Issue: Systems Education for a Sustainable Planet
Authors: Bosch Ockie , Cavana Robert
Published: May 2013

We live in a world in which complexity characterizes all human endeavors today, such as healthcare, economic development, environmental protection, gender relationships, poverty, mental health, business management and social responsibility (just to name a few). The issues facing our world have become increasingly complex due to the fact that they are embedded in a global web of ecological, economic, social, cultural and political processes and dynamic interactions. These complex problems and challenges cannot anymore be addressed and solved in isolation and with the single dimensional mindsets and tools of the past.
Qui sont les jeunes ruraux ?
Authors: Lambert Yves , Roudet Bernard
Published: May 2013

Wer sind die Jugendlichen auF dem Lande ?

Nach der Volkszählung von 1990 repräsentiert die Landjugend 23,4 % der Altersklasse der 15-24 jährigen. Wenn man die auf dem Land lebenden Jugendlichen mit der Gesamtheit der Jugend vergleicht, stellt man fest, dass die Landjugend sich definiert als eine Jugend, die mehr den unteren Volksschichten dem Bauernstand natürlich und besonders dem Arbeiterstand angehört. Dieser Artikel prüft die Gemeinsamkeiten und die Unterschiede Zwischen der land-und der Stadtjugend auf mehreren Gebieten : die Ausbildung und die Arbeitstellen, die Lebensweise, die Religion und die Politik. Er analysiert danach die Haltung der Landjugend im Vergleich mit den Jugendlichen in den Städten. Es Stellt sich heraus, dass die Jugendlichen auf dem Lande im wesentlichen dieselben Gesichtspunkte und Lebensformen haben wie die jungen Städter, selbst wenn sie sie den Besonderheiten der ländlichen weit angleichen. Die Tatsache, dass man auf dem Land lebt, ist nicht mehr an eine starke Kulturelle identitätgebunden. Sie wird vor allem als eine Lebensweise empfunden, die durch die steigende Bedeutung der Lebensqualität charakterisiert ist. Bezeichnend in diesem Sinne ist die Anziehung, die Landgemeinden in städtischer Peripherie ausüben.
La genèse motrice de la parole
Authors: Formigari Lia
Published: May 2013

L’idée d’une genèse psychomotrice de la parole avait été émise par la psychologie médicale avant même de devenir, à partir des années 1870, un thème central au sein des débats philosophiques sur le langage, sa formation phylo-et ontogénétique, ses pathologies. L’activité motrice fait émerger des représentations latentes au seuil de la conscience, les rendant ainsi manipulables et verbalisables. Elle accompagne ou précède, avec une sorte de mimique intérieure, les représentations verbales. Elle contribue aux processus de compréhension en activant la reconnaissance physiognomonique des mots selon les procesus de simulation intérieure qui accompagnent toujours l’expérience du mouvement d’autrui. L’article retrace les argumentations d’auteurs comme Steinthal, Paul, Wundt, Stricker, Kussmaul et autres, et conclut sur une brève analyse de la contreverse Marty-Wundt à propos de l’origine du langage, où deux modèles théoriques se confrontent : celui de l’action intentionelle et celui du naturalisme évolutif.
Structure de l’indice et équivocité du signe. A l’origine du partage Anzeigen/Ausdrucken dans les Recherches logiques
Authors: Majolino Claudio
Published: May 2013

In the First Logical Investigation Husserl maintains that in order to achieve a phenomenological, subject-related and yet non psychological theory of meaning, one must begin by drawing an «essential distinction » between expressive and indicative signs. As a consequence, Husserl maintains that «sign » is an equivocal term. In this paper, I will set out and elaborate the historical background of this claim tracing it back to Bolzano’s theory of signs and situating it within the broader context of the Brentano’s School. This will lead me to (1) flesh out the role of semiotics in Husserl’s critique of psychologism and (2) emphasize its meaning and scope in contrast with the widespread contention according to which «sign » is an univocal term whose structure can be captured by the medieval formula «aliquid stat pro aliquo » .
De la grammaire générative à la Grammaire Cognitive : origines et formation de la théorie de Ronald Langacker
Authors: Fortis Jean-Michel
Published: May 2013

Le présent article retrace l’évolution qui a conduit Langacker de la grammaire transformationnelle à une théorie qu’il présente comme son antithèse, la Grammaire Cognitive. Il concerne donc essentiellement les années 1965-1982. Cette évolution passe par le rejet progressif d’opérateurs et de règles formels, et l’adoption d’analyses qui relèvent de la sémantique générative. Simultanément, Langacker cherche une motivation fonctionnelle à certaines règles de mouvement transformationnelles. Cette contestation de la grammaire transformationnelle de type chomskyen débouche sur un modèle innovant encore marqué par la sémantique générative, et qu’il baptise stratigraphie fonctionnelle. Ce modèle va lui-même évoluer vers une théorie centrée sur le signe et la notion de dépendance, au détriment d’une analyse adéquate de la constituance. Langacker se met ensuite à donner une représentation spatiale des strates de son modèle et à interpréter en termes localistes les verbes modaux. Il propose ensuite une analyse localiste et gestaltiste des relations grammaticales et de la sémantique lexicale. Il systématise cette perspective localiste et gestaltiste, et réintègre la constituance et la notion de tête en les réinterprétant selon cette perspective. Enfin, il va donner un tour empiriste à sa théorie qui, centrée sur le signe et la notion de construction, réduit la grammaire à un inventaire d’unités et de structures plus ou moins schématiques, construites et abstraites à partir du divers de l’expérience linguistique. Ces multiples amendements aboutissent à la version initiale, et largement inaltérée, de la Grammaire Cognitive, celle de la Space Grammar.
L’écologie du langage d’Einar Haugen
Authors: Lechevrel Nadège
Published: May 2013

Pour expliquer le fonctionnement et l’évolution des langues et du langage, de nombreux chercheurs s’inspirent des sciences de la vie et en particulier, depuis près de 30 ans, de l’écologie biologique. Les historiographies récentes sur l’émergence d’une ‘ linguistique écologique’ font de l’écologie du langage d’Einar Haugen (1971) une pièce fondatrice des approches écologiques en linguistique. Dans cet article, nous proposons de nous arrêter sur cette contribution pour en situer la ligne argumentative dans le champ de la linguistique américaine. Un regard critique sur ces historiographies nous conduira à étudier dans un premier temps les éléments biographiques, institutionnels et textuels permettant de contextualiser l’écologie du langage d’Einar Haugen ; contextualisation nécessaire, dans un deuxième temps, à l’examen de la réception initiale de l’oeuvre et ses liens avec les approches écologiques actuelles en linguistique.
« Linguistique appliquée » : parcours définitoires et lexicographiques
Authors: Candel Danielle
Published: May 2013

L’analyse du syntagme «linguistique appliquée » dans quelques dictionnaires du français et dans un ensemble de textes portant sur le domaine de la linguistique appliquée permet de retracer l’évolution de la dénomination, de ses définitions, et de la discipline ainsi désignée. Les applications des sciences et des techniques contribuent elles-mêmes à former une de ses facettes. Dans l’ensemble, le champ couvert par la linguistique appliquée se révèle très riche, mais il a aussi été ressenti comme composite, ce qui a entraîné des jugements négatifs, aussi bien sur la dénomination que sur le domaine désigné. On constate finalement que les définitions se stabilisent, que l’aspect appliqué continue à l’emporter sur l’aspect théorique, et que cette discipline est en constante évolution, ce qui est preuve de sa vitalité.
Les Litai d'Homère et la Dikè d'Hésiode
Authors: Aubriot Danièle
Published: May 2013

Au nombre des interprétations proposées pour rendre compte de l'apologue des Lilai dans l'Iliade (IX, 502-515), on trouve un rapprochement avec la Dikè d'Hésiode (T.J., 256-270). Or les expressions communes aux deux textes (appartenant au vocabulaire de la course, de la flexion, de la réversibilité, voire de la justice distributive), loin de souligner des similitudes, accusent des oppositions. Les Litai ne laissent pas pour autant de bénéficier d'un caractère positif parfaitement congruent à la leçon de maîtrise de soi que le vieux Phénix entend faire accepter à Achille : en parvenant à se dominer, le héros accéderait à la sagesse supérieure qui implique de faire passer le respect d'autrui avant le sentiment de ses droits stricts. Cet apologue central invite à méditer sur la primauté accordée aux valeurs humaines dans l'Iliade.
Delphes et les « Pythioniques » d'Aristote
Authors: Bousquet Jean
Published: May 2013

On n'a rien retrouvé du catalogue des vainqueurs aux concours des Pythia de Delphes, rédigé par Aristote et Callisthène. Les comptes des Trésoriers indiquent toutefois le prix payé pour leur gravure sur de grandes stèles de calcaire, lors de quatre sessions de l'Amphictionie : 140 drachmes pour 14.000 (ou 21.000) lettres la première fois, entre 327 et 324. On n'a donc pas tort d'imaginer un énorme volumen de pierre, déroulé colonne par colonne au voisinage du Temple : rare et coûteuse publication, datée avec précision, pour un livre ancien.

Un fragment du décret rendu à cette époque en l'honneur des auteurs, si la teneur en est précisée, paraît rédigé avec plus de goût littéraire que d'habitude, par un homme cultivé qui rendait ainsi hommage à l'auteur de la Rhétorique (Fouilles de Delphes, III 1, 400).
Une coutume hiérogamique à Sparte?
Authors: Meillier Claude
Published: May 2013

Le texte d'Hermippos (F 87 WEHRLI = Athénée, XIII, 555 c) sur les coutumes de mariage de Sparte est négligé en raison de son étrangeté et des difficultés qu'il présente. Il pourrait refléter, à travers les déformations de la tradition, un rituel très archaïque en rapport à la fois avec les croyances générales sur la fertilité et la fécondité et avec le système d'organisation de la jeunesse en classes d'âge (lecture έτραν à conserver de préférence à ἑτέραν). Il doit être rapproché du texte d'Éphore sur les coutumes de Crète (F. G. H. 70 F 149 = Strabon, X, 4, 10, 482).
De la culture sémitique à la culture hellénique. Rencontre, affrontement, pénétration
Authors: Pelletier André
Published: May 2013

La rencontre des deux cultures remonte aux premiers échanges commerciaux entre les Grecs et le Proche-Orient. La traduction en grec de la Bible hébraïque précise le sens des termes sémitiques susceptibles de plusieurs significations. En particulier l'analyse du verbe de commandement met en lumière le caractère amical de l'autorité divine. A propos des récoltes, la Septante a créé un verbe grec nouveau qui souligne l'humanité de la Loi mosaïque. L'Église primitive a fait de la Septante son texte de référence à ΓΑ. T. Les Rabbins l'ont écartée, mais n'ont pas renoncé à faire à la culture grecque de nombreux emprunts de vocabulaire technique pour leurs commentaires de la Bible hébraïque et pour les institutions de leurs communautés.
Small form in the new Croatian drama
Authors: Petlevski Sibila
Published: May 2013

Mala forma u novoj hrvatskoj drami

Spontani, ali i programatski motiviran izbor relativno kratke dramske forme s malom glumačkom podjelom (ponekad s minimalnim scenarističkim zahtjevima, kao u takozvanom 'bare stage' žanru, a ponekad s preobilnim 'nepostavljivim' scenskim uputama koje asociraju na ekspresionizam) proširen je fenomen kad je riječ о hrvatskoj novoj drami, posebno u dramama mlađih autora rođenih sedamdesetih. Bilo bi pogrešno postmoderni fenomen - koji u obrađivanim primjerima ima veze s poratnom rezignacijom devedesetih i namjernim odbacivanjem ideologema vezanih uz 'veliku dramu' - svesti isključivo na kvantitativne argumente i tehničke karakteristike u čisto formalnom opisu naziva 'jednočinka' ili 'drama male glumačke podjele'. Štoviše, povijest jednočinke u hrvatskoj drami i kazalištu od početka dvadesetoga stoljeća do danas, pruža nam dobru izliku za proširenje definicije 'male forme' u suvremenoj hrvatskoj dramskoj književnosti.
Dušan Kovačević : Monde « virtuel » et monde « réel » dans la dernière décennie du XXe siècle.
Authors: Radulović Ksenija
Published: May 2013

Dušan Kovačević : «virtuelni» i «realni» svet tokom poslednje decenije XX veka

Od kada je 1973. god. izvedena prva Kovačevićeva drama Maratonci trče počasni krug u beogradskom Ateljeu 212, njegovo ime je stalno prisutno na pozorišnim scenama. Centralni predmet istraživanja su dramski komadi Urnebesna tragedija, Lari Tompson, tragedija jedne mladosti i Kontejner s pet zvezdica, svi napisani i realizováni na pozornici tokom poslednje dekade.

Najvažnije osobenosti Kovačevićevih dramskih tekstova, nastalih u jednom izrazito turbulentnom i dramatičnom periodu srpskog društva, bi bile sledeće: autor se primetno udaljava od realističkog obrasca i približava duhu apsurda koji karakteriše komedije iz njegove rane faze; u preplitanju različitih nivoa realnosti, briše se oštra granica između normalnog i nenormalnog, uobičajenog i grotesknog, što je savršeni odraz događaja iz neposrednog društvenog okruženja; likovi počinju da žive simulirane živote, udaljeni od svojih stvarnih problema i nespremni da sagledaju realnost onakvom kakva ona zaista jeste. Nekada vitalni junaci sve više postaju duhovno i mentalno obogaljeni; nastavljeno je gorko viviseciranje mentalitetskog obrasca, ali su istovremeno prisutne i apriorističke teze-metafore komada.
Pour une anthologie imaginaire du théâtre contemporain en Bosnie-Herzégovine
Authors: Ostojić Ljubica
Published: May 2013

Uz imaginarnu antologiju suvremene bosanskohercegovačke drame

Rad je zamišljen kao uvod u imaginarnu antologiju savremene bosanskohercegovačke drame. Sa izuzetkom jednog dramskog teksta, drame u ovom izboru (osim poslednje) nastale su u periodu dve decenije pre početka rata koji je obeležio kraj XX veka na Balkanu. Sve drame su zavidnog literarnog dometa i imale su uspešan scenski život. Izbor autora, prema nastanku drama, je sledeći: Zagrljenici Miodraga Zalice, Nije čovjek ko ne umre Velimira Stojanovića, Hasanaginica Alije Isakovića, Dječja bolest: Otac na službenom putu Abdulaha Sidrana, Kralju ipak ne sviđa se gluma Dževada Karahasana, Lutkino bespuće Safeta Plakala i Kulin ban Zlatka Topčića.
Espaces mimétique, diégétique et géopolitique dans les drames sur les guerres balkaniques des années 1990
Authors: Andjelkovic Sava
Published: May 2013

Mimetski, diegetski i geopolitički prostor u dramama o ratu na Balkanu

Na korpusu od devet tekstova devet autora iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Hrvatske i Srbije i Crne Gore koji govore о nedavnim ratovima na Balkanu (Isidora Bjelica, Saga o UNPROFORU, Igor Bojović, Happy End / Divče, Ljubomir Đurković, Otpad, Almir Imširević, Kad bi ovo bila predstava..., Goran Markovic, Turneja, Biljana Srbljanović, Porodične priče, Slobodan Šnajder, Zmijin svlak, Damir Šodan, Zaštićena zona i Filip Šovagović, Cigla) ispituje se «svoj », «tuđ » i «ničiji » prostor koji se u tekstovima javlja kao zatvoren i otvoren mimetski prostor, kao savremeni diegetski i mimetski prostor (sa posebnim osvrtom na geopolitiku mimetskog prostora).

U zatvorenom mimetskom prostoru rat utiče na likove običnih građana i njihove postupke. Osnovni dramaturški izbor za prikazivanje rata u zapadnobalkanskoj drami je diegetski prostor. On pothranjuje dramaturgiju zatvorenog mimetskog prostora u kom se rat oglašava putem svedočenja ili izveštavanja, ali se i neudaljeni diegetski prostor uvlači u njega zvukom ili svetlom, ponekad sposoban i da ga povredi. Postoje i scene na otvorenom mimetskom prostoru ratišta, kao i ratne akcije koje su predstavljene u takvom istom prostoru. Bez obzira što su malobrojne i samo u dve drame iz korpusa (Bjelica, Marković), one svedoče o specifičnosti nove dramaturgije koja se bavi nedavnim balkanskim ratovima.
Les auteurs dramatiques, de l'autodidacte au postmoderniste : l'écriture théâtrale contemporaine en Bosnie-Herzégovine
Authors: Kovačević Marko
Published: May 2013

Educirani dramatičari: od autodidakta do postmodernista

Specifičnost u stodvadesetogodišnjoj tradiciji pisanja dramskih djela u Bosni i Hercegovini jeste činjenica da se ogromna većina dramskih autora može svrstati u kategoriju auto- didakta, što ne upućuje i na estetski domet. Pisanjem dramskih djela su se sporadično bavili književnici čija je preokupacija bila proza i poezija. U ratnoj 1994. otvara se Odsjek za dramaturgiju na Akademiji scenskih umjetnosti u Sarajevu, koji ima trojako obilježje: teorijsko, praktičko-zanatsko i kreativno-istraživačko. Koncept studija je utemeljen na kompleksnosti i sintetskom karakteru dramskih umjetnosti, na pozitivnim svjetskim iskustvima visokoškolske edukacije i na originalnim metodama rada iz oblasti dramaturgije, teatrologije i filmske umjetnosti.

U posljednjih dvadesetak godina u Bosni i Hercegovini su se pojavile tri antologije bosanskohercegovačke drame i jedna antologija bošnjačke drame. Prekretnice u ovoj dramaturgiji čine pojave, najpre, Miodraga Žalice, Velimira Stojanovića i Dževada Karahasana, a potom Almira Imširevića.

U najnovijoj dramskoj i pozorišnoj produkciji autor uočava generacijsku podjelu i akcentuje autore mlađe generacije dramskih pisaca: Almira Imširevića, Ines Tanović i Almira Bašovića.