bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic testing of three Language Models reveals low language accuracy, absence of response stability, and a yes-response bias
Authors: Dentella Vittoria , Günther Fritz , Leivada Evelina
Published: December 2023

Humans are universally good in providing stable and accurate judgments about what forms part of their language and what not. Large Language Models (LMs) are claimed to possess human-like language abilities; hence, they are expected to emulate this behavior by providing both stable and accurate answers, when asked whether a string of words complies with or deviates from their next-word predictions. This work tests whether stability and accuracy are showcased by GPT-3/text-davinci-002, GPT-3/text-davinci-003, and ChatGPT, using a series of judgment tasks that tap on 8 linguistic phenomena: plural attraction, anaphora, center embedding, comparatives, intrusive resumption, negative polarity items, order of adjectives, and order of adverbs. For every phenomenon, 10 sentences (5 grammatical and 5 ungrammatical) are tested, each randomly repeated 10 times, totaling 800 elicited judgments per LM (total n = 2,400). Our results reveal variable above-chance accuracy in the grammatical condition, below-chance accuracy in the ungrammatical condition, a significant instability of answers across phenomena, and a yes-response bias for all the tested LMs. Furthermore, we found no evidence that repetition aids the Models to converge on a processing strategy that culminates in stable answers, either accurate or inaccurate. We demonstrate that the LMs’ performance in identifying (un)grammatical word patterns is in stark contrast to what is observed in humans (n = 80, tested on the same tasks) and argue that adopting LMs as theories of human language is not motivated at their current stage of development.
Sugar-free synapses run on mitochondrial Sirtuin 3
Authors: Walsh Alexander P. , Simon David J.
Published: December 2023

Metabolic plasticity of neurons ensures their activity continues when glucose is limited. Walsh and Simon discuss new work by Ashrafi and colleagues (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202305048) that finds Sirtuin 3 directs local metabolic adaptation at synapses during sustained glucose deprivation.
A simple and modular quasi stepped impedance resonator based reconfigurable bandpass filter for 5G applications
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Rehman Sajjad U , Ahmad Mohaira , Malik Waqar A , Gul Hamza Zad , Abdulkawi Wazie M , Alkanhal Majeed A
Published: December 2023

A small-sized quasi-stepped impedance resonator (SIR) based single-band to dual-band reconfigurable bandpass filter is presented in this work. The proposed quasi-SIR filter is modular in nature and can be easily scaled to higher- or lower-frequency bands. To this end, a single- to dual-band reconfigurable modified SIR is designed. The designed reconfigurable resonator was then used to develop a single-band to dual-band reconfigurable filter. The proposed filter structure comprises two resonators loaded with PIN diodes to provide the switching. The filter allows switching between single and dual-band frequencies. In the OFF state, PIN diodes provide single-band resonance with a resonant frequency of 3.8 GHz. While the ON state of PIN diodes provides dual-band resonance of 3.35 GHz and 4.3 GHz. The structure of the filter is modular and is designed, analysed, and fabricated on a low-cost FR4 dielectric substrate with a 4.3 dielectric constant and 0.78 mm thickness. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The filter is designed to operate in the sub-6 GHz band, a designated band for 5G communication, and is thus suitable for incorporation in 5G devices with reconfigurability applications.
Constellation attitude tracking control of the space gravitational wave observatory under configuration disturbances
Authors: Deng Huifang , Meng Yunhe
Published: December 2023

Space based gravitational wave detectors require a precision relative attitude pointing control in science mode. Their configuration drifts under the influence of perturbations. The spacecraft and telescope optical assembly attitude control loops need to respond to this change in real time. In particular, the constellation reference attitude of the detectors orbiting the earth changes much more than the detectors orbiting the sun, which posing a great challenge to the control system. This article focuses on the constellation attitude tracking problem of the space gravitational wave observatory under configuration disturbances, and systematically analyzes the evolution of the constellation reference attitude. A control method based on finite frequency optimization combine with an improved error-disturbance based observer is proposed. Numerical algorithm simulations show that the method can obtain precise attitude tracking in the measurement bandwidth while effectively suppress the unknown disturbances. Compare with the disturbance based observer controller, the overall error can be reduced by 55% of the original.
Modifying electric and multiferroic properties of lead-free 0.7BFO-0.3BTO ceramics via Sm and Ga co-doping
Authors: Jabeen Farha , Gupta Nanhe Kumar , Pandey Raghvendra , Singh M N , Shahid Raza , Khan M Shahid
Published: December 2023

Polycrystalline lead-free composite ceramics composed of 0.7Bi1-xSmxFe0.95Ga0.05O3−0.3BaTiO3 (BSxFG-BT) with varying doping concentration of x (0.025, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) were synthesized. This study comprehensively explores the influence of co-doping Samarium (Sm) and Gallium (Ga) on the microstructures, spectral properties, electrical characteristics, and multiferroic behaviour within the 0.7BiFeO3−0.3BaTiO3 system. These composite ceramics exhibited coexistence of R (rhombohedral) and T (tetragonal) phases, characterized by the space groups R3c and P4mm, respectively. The XRD and AFM results show that the Sm and Ga co-doping influenced the crystal structure as well as grain size of BSxFG-BT ceramics. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the positions of the phonon modes. High dielectric constant with high Curie temperature of 550 °C were obtained. The impact of grain and grain boundary on the capacitance and resistance in the ceramics was investigated utilizing Z-view software and high magnitude of bulk resistance was obtained for dopant value x = 0.20 at 300 °C. Enhanced multiferroic properties, remanent magnetisation Mr = 0.051 emu g−1 with coercive field (Hc) = 6450 Oe and remanent polarization Pr = 10.98 μC cm−2 with coercive filed Ec = 14.73 kV cm−1 were obtained for x = 0.20.
Probing Schwarzschild-like black holes in metric-affine bumblebee gravity with accretion disk, deflection angle, greybody bounds, and neutrino propagation
Authors: Lambiase Gaetano , Mastrototaro Leonardo , Pantig Reggie C. , Övgün Ali
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we investigate Schwarzschild-like black holes within the framework of
metric-affine bumblebee gravity. We explore the implications of such a gravitational setup on
various astrophysical phenomena, including the presence of an accretion disk, the deflection angle
of light rays, the establishment of greybody bounds, and the propagation of neutrinos. The
metric-affine bumblebee gravity theory offers a unique perspective on gravitational interactions
by introducing a vector field that couples to spacetime curvature. We analyze the behavior of
accretion disks around Schwarzschild-like black holes in this modified gravity scenario,
considering the effects of the bumblebee field on the accretion process. Furthermore, we
scrutinize the deflection angle of light rays as they traverse the gravitational field,
highlighting potential deviations from standard predictions due to the underlying metric-affine
structure. Investigating greybody bounds in this context sheds light on the thermal radiation
emitted by black holes and how the modified gravity framework influences this
phenomenon. Moreover, we explore neutrino propagation around Schwarzschild-like black holes within
metric-affine bumblebee gravity, examining alterations in neutrino trajectories and interactions
compared to conventional general relativity. By comprehensively probing these aspects, we aim to
unravel the distinctive features and consequences of Schwarzschild-like black holes in the context
of metric-affine bumblebee gravity, offering new insights into the nature of gravitational
interactions and their observable signatures.
Minimal basis for exact time dependent kernels in cosmological perturbation theory and application to ΛCDM and w
0
wa
CDM
Authors: Hartmeier Michael , Garny Mathias
Published: December 2023

We derive a minimal basis of kernels furnishing the perturbative expansion of the density
contrast and velocity divergence in powers of the initial density field that is applicable to
cosmological models with arbitrary expansion history, thereby relaxing the commonly adopted
Einstein-de-Sitter (EdS) approximation. For this class of cosmological models, the non-linear
kernels are at every order given by a sum of terms, each of which factorizes into a time-dependent
growth factor and a wavenumber-dependent basis function. We show how to reduce the set of basis
functions to a minimal amount, and give explicit expressions up to order n = 5. We find that for
this minimal basis choice, each basis function individually displays the expected scaling
behaviour due to momentum conservation, being non-trivial at n ≥ 4. This is a highly desirable
property for numerical evaluation of loop corrections. In addition, it allows us to match the
density field to an effective field theory (EFT) description for cosmologies with an arbitrary
expansion history, which we explicitly derive at order four. We evaluate the differences to the
EdS approximation for ΛCDM and w
0
wa
CDM, paying special attention to the irreducible
cosmology dependence that cannot be absorbed into EFT terms for the one-loop bispectrum. Finally,
we provide algebraic recursion relations for a special generalization of the EdS approximation
that retains its simplicity and is relevant for mixed hot and cold dark matter models.
Effects of fragmentation on post-inflationary reheating
Authors: Garcia Marcos A.G. , Gross Mathieu , Mambrini Yann , Olive Keith A. , Pierre Mathias , Yoon Jong-Hyun
Published: December 2023

We consider the effects of fragmentation on the post-inflationary epoch of reheating.
In simple single field models of inflation, an inflaton condensate undergoes an oscillatory phase once inflationary expansion ends. The equation of state of the condensate depends on the shape of the scalar potential, V(ϕ), about its minimum. Assuming V(ϕ) ∼ ϕk
, the equation of state parameter is given by w = Pϕ
/ρϕ
 = (k - 2)/(k + 2).
The evolution of condensate and the reheating process depend on k. For k ≥ 4, inflaton self-interactions may lead to the fragmentation of the condensate and alter the reheating process. Indeed, these self-interactions lead to the production of a massless gas of inflaton particles as w relaxes to 1/3. If reheating occurs before fragmentation, the effects of fragmentation are harmless. We find, however, that the effects of fragmentation depend sensitively to the specific reheating process. Reheating through the decays to fermions is largely excluded since perturbative couplings would imply that fragmentation occurs before reheating and in fact could prevent reheating from completion. Reheating through the decays to boson is relatively unaffected by fragmentation and reheating through scatterings results in a lower reheating temperature.
Dual-wavelength Nd:CALGO laser based on differential loss of birefringent filter
Authors: Akbari Reza , Loiko Pavel , Xu Jun , Xu Xiaodong , Major Arkady
Published: December 2023

Continuous-wave dual-wavelength (DW) operation of an a-cut Nd:CALGO (Nd:CaGdAlO4) laser around ∼1.08 μm was demonstrated using a single plate quartz birefringent filter (BRF) with an on-surface optical axis. A wide range of wavelength separations between the two laser lines ranging from sub-nm up to 10 nm was observed with controllable intensity ratios. A new regime of operation of DW laser was also identified where one of the oscillating spectral lines was in the rejection band of the filter. This is in sharp contrast with typical operation of DW lasers with BRF where wavelength separation was limited either to the free spectral range or to the linewidth of a single transmission peak of the used filter. This was enabled by differential loss introduced by a single transmission peak of the BRF. Using this mechanism, generation of a large number of laser wavelength pairs became possible.
Thermal transport in composition graded silicene/germanene heterostructures
Authors: Cao 曹 Zengqiang 增强 , Wang 王 Chaoyu 超宇 , Zhang 张 Honggang 宏岗 , You 游 Bo 波 , Ni 倪 Yuxiang 宇翔
Published: December 2023

Through equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of composition graded interface on thermal transport behavior in lateral heterostructures. Specifically, we investigated the influence of composition gradient length and heterogeneous particles at the silicene/germanene (SIL/GER) heterostructure interface on heat conduction. Our results indicate that composition graded interface at the interface diminishes the thermal conductivity of the heterostructure, with a further reduction observed as the length increases, while the effect of the heterogeneous particles can be considered negligible. To unveil the influence of composition graded interface on thermal transport, we conducted phonon analysis and identified the presence of phonon localization within the interface composition graded region. Through these analyses, we have determined that the decrease in thermal conductivity is correlated with phonon localization within the heterostructure, where a stronger degree of phonon localization signifies poorer thermal conductivity in the material. Our research findings not only contribute to understanding the impact of interface gradient-induced phonon localization on thermal transport but also offer insights into the modulation of thermal conductivity in heterostructures.
Multi-objective Configuration Method for Mobile Energy Storage Aimed at Enhancing the Resilience of Regional Power Grid
Authors: Ma Jun , Feng Xinzhen , Lei Jie , Ling Jiakai , Hua Mengwei
Published: December 2023

Mobile energy storage has the advantages of high mobility, environmental friendliness, and wide application scenarios. It is widely used in important load protection, outdoor emergency power supply, and distribution network capacity expansion scenarios. This paper proposes a multi-objective configuration method for flexibly supporting the optimal operation of regional distribution networks. It aims to address the configuration problem of multi-mobile energy storage supporting regional power grid operation. A multi-objective optimization operation model for renewable energy distribution networks has been established. A multi-objective optimization method combining the normalized normal constraint method and improved composite method is proposed. It can achieve optimization decision-making of mobile energy storage positions, charging and discharging states, and power at different periods. Finally, simulation analysis is conducted on the IEEE 33 node distribution system to verify the effectiveness of the control method and algorithm.
Research on optimal scheduling method of active distribution network considering multi-type flexible resources
Authors: Song Jigao , Li Siwi , Jiang Yan
Published: December 2023

With the increase in the utilization rate of renewable energy, the volatility and uncertainty of active distribution networks have become more significant. Comprehensive consideration of the coordination and optimization of multiple resources can improve the flexibility of the system and promote energy consumption. Effective substitution Quantitative modeling is carried out considering a large number of flexible resources based on the flexibility of nodes and networks, combined with the physical characteristics of node flexible resources. Through the analysis of the implementation principle, control mode, and operation characteristics of the soft open point of network flexibility resource, the operation model of the soft open point with combined energy storage is established. On this basis, there are two elasticity evaluation indicators: elasticity adequacy and transmission adequacy. And we incorporate flexible benefits into optimization goals. Multiple optimization scheduling models have been created, including economy node flexibility, and network flexibility. Finally, multiple target particle swarm optimization algorithms will use the proposed scheduling model, combined with trend calculation and validation, using an improved IEEE33 node system.
A Planning Model of AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid Considering Tie-Line Utilization
Authors: Lin Yi , Chen Hao , Guo Chuangxin
Published: December 2023

MG (microgrid) effectively aggregates Distributed energy resources (DERs), load users, energy storage, and energy conversion equipment, so as to improve the nearby absorption rate of DERs. Nowadays, with the rapid growth of DERs and the DC load, the traditional AC microgrid cannot fit the need for a new load under the determined capacity of the AC microgrid. Therefore, this paper proposes a planning model and takes the fluctuation of interactive power in tie-line into consideration. Then, the multi-objective problem is solved by the maximum satisfaction index method and verified by the real case somewhere in Zhejiang Province.
An overvoltage adjustment strategy Based on Integrated Voltage Sensitivity in the Active Distribution Network
Authors: Chang Yuan , Hou Wei , Xu Guangfu , Hong Haohao , Zeng Xianfeng
Published: December 2023

With the growing proportion of renewable energy resources represented by distributed photovoltaics in the distribution network, the overvoltage problem is becoming more and more serious owing to the photovoltaic reverse power flow in the active distribution network. This paper begins with the quantification and analysis of node voltage sensitivity, and the influence calculation formula of photovoltaic injection on the voltage sensitivity of the target node and other nodes is deduced; next, a general conclusion on the change of voltage sensitivity caused by active and reactive power of Photovoltaic is given. To solve the possible low control efficiency of control strategy simply depends on voltage sensitivity, a definition of so-called Integrated voltage sensitivity is proposed, and an optimized overvoltage control scheme is utilized under the distribution network structure. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated by a simulation example, namely, on the premise of not affecting the active power output of the photovoltaic as much as possible, the same overvoltage regulation effect can be obtained with smaller adjustments in reactive power output, further, rapid overvoltage regulation is achieved.
Real-time Strategy for Voltage Regulation of Distribution Networks Considering the Incomplete Response of Distributed Resources
Authors: Tan Wenzhuo , Yi Xingyu
Published: December 2023

To solve the problem of nodes whose voltage exceeds the security constraint in the scenario of massive distributed generation access, a real-time strategy for voltage regulation of the distribution network considering the incomplete response of distributed resources is proposed. The strategy includes two parts: a real-time strategy for voltage regulation of the distribution network and the improvement of the strategy to deal with the incomplete response of distributed resources. Firstly, the real-time voltage autonomy of the distribution network is realized through the distributed resource strategy for voltage regulation; Then, aiming at the incomplete response of distributed resources, the strategy for voltage regulation is improved, and the margin iteration and feedback regulation are added; Finally, based on the IEEE33 node model, we verify the strategy for voltage regulation which is proposed in this paper. The results of the experiment show that the strategy for voltage regulation can effectively solve the problem of distribution network voltage out of limit, and has good anti-interference ability for the incomplete response of distributed resources.
The Analysis of Capacitance Current Testing Method
Authors: Sui Dongpeng , Huang Fucun , Liu Quanying , Tang Hong , Wang Yanan , Wang Nan
Published: December 2023

The accuracy of capacitance current measurement is directly related to the choice of arc suppression coil. In this paper, the capacitance current test of 10 kV and 66 kV substations in Shenyang and Dalian is carried out by using a capacitance current tester produced by different manufacturers. The measurement mainly uses the 10 kV PT open triangle signal injection method (for 3PT), 10 kV 4PT secondary signal injection method (for 4PT), and 66/10 kV transformer neutral signal injection method. The test data are compared with the test data of laboratory standard equipment. Through comparative analysis, it can be seen that some manufacturers failed to measure capacitive current or the deviation of test results is large, and the test results of each test method of other manufacturers are closer to the measured values in the laboratory.
Control and Fault Protection Strategy in DC Distribution Network
Authors: Tan Kuo , Wu Hai , Tang Fei , Zhou Cheng , Li Hui
Published: December 2023

This article provides a detailed analysis of the dynamic characteristics of DC pole-to-pole faults in modular multilevel converters and proposes a protection and control strategy based on the current rate of change. By detecting the current rate of change, a resistance current limiter is put into operation to achieve DC bipolar short circuit non-blocking fault crossing. The fault current is cut off by the DC circuit breaker. This method is an active current limiting control method that adds current limiting devices before fault current identification, leading to fault identification. Finally, a single-ended flexible DC distribution network model was built by using a real-time simulation system. The simulation results verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the protection and control strategy in the case of pole-to-pole faults.
Research on the accurate fault location of AC substations based on switching action logic
Authors: Xiao Xing , Meng Chenxu , Zou Youfeng , Zeng Lingcheng
Published: December 2023

AC substation systems contain multiple devices and components, which affect each other, resulting in increased system complexity and difficulty in locating power faults. However, the complexity of the system increases the difficulty of analysis and judgment, and puts forward higher requirements for the accuracy of algorithms and logic. Therefore, an accurate fault location method for AC substations based on switching action logic is proposed. Taking the YnD11 connection mode as an example, the operation model of the phase selection switch of the isolation switch is constructed, and the operation logic of the phase selection switch of the isolation switch is obtained. The phase amplitude and phase relationship of the three-phase isolation switch are analysed, and the appropriate switching strategy is selected to reduce the influence of electromagnetic coupling. Based on this, the time-frequency and frequency-domain information of the power signal is obtained by the wavelet decomposition method, and the local characteristic value of voltage signal is quantified. The fault location of the filtered the voltage signal is completed by the wavelet transform mode maximum method. The experimental results show that the no-load current has good linearity and almost no harmonics, and the results of the disturbance location are closer to the actual situation.
Unsupervised photovoltaic installation date detection method based on interpretable characteristics
Authors: Xiong Xuejun , Zhang Yajun , Feng Yuyao , Yang Xiu , Jin Yu , Li Wenhao
Published: December 2023

With the vigorous development of new energy, more and more distributed household photovoltaics are connected to the distribution network. However, the high proportion of household photovoltaics can have many impacts on the operation of the distribution network. The power department needs to register users who have installed photovoltaics. However, due to the large user base and the high resource consumption of existing investigative methods, this article proposes an unsupervised photovoltaic installation date detection method based on interpretable characteristics. Firstly, a set of interpretable characteristics is proposed and characteristic extraction is performed on user electricity data. Then, based on interpretable characteristics, user electricity consumption patterns are clustered. Finally, the date when the user’s electricity consumption patterns change is captured to determine the user’s photovoltaic installation date. The simulation results show that the proposed method can correctly identify all photovoltaic installation dates within 10 days, which is in line with practical applications and policy requirements. It has certain practical significance and theoretical value for the development of photovoltaic installation date detection applications.
A Dual Function Coating Thickness Measuring Device
Authors: Chen Xiaoke , Li Xin , Zhang Liping , Li Yida , Li Jining
Published: December 2023

In engineering applications, the harsh external environment leads to the erosion of the surface of the tower. The existence of the coating layer provides better protection for the tower, but the uniformity of the thinness and thickness of the coating layer has a great impact on the performance of the material. In this paper, a dual-function tower coating thickness measurement device is designed. The device can automatically measure the thickness of the coating layer by magnetic induction or eddy current thickness measurement principle for the towers with magnetic or non-magnetic materials. The small prototype experiments show that the average error of the measurement of the non-magnetic substrate is only 0.74%, and the average error of the measurement of the magnetic substrate is only 6%, and it has the characteristics of low cost and long service life.
Research on Phase-to-phase Fault Location Method of Active Distribution Network
Authors: Guo Shaofei , Li Tiecheng , Wei Yingli , Luan Shiyan , Wang Xianzhi , Wang Yonghui , Chen Tianying
Published: December 2023

Due to the weak feed characteristic of active distribution networks, the sensitivity of the original fault phase selection method and the accuracy of fault location are decreased. Most of the existing fault section location methods focus on the phase selection and location of the earth fault, and there is a lack of relevant research on the location of the fault section to the phase-to-phase fault. Moreover, most of the methods need to install the signal measuring device in the system as large as possible, which is not economical. The operation condition of active distribution networks is complicated, the fault characteristics are weak, and the location result is easily affected by non-fault disturbances such as DG access capacity and location. In this paper, the phase-to-phase fault of active distribution networks is taken as the research object. Firstly, phase current and zero-sequence current combined criterion is used for fault phase selection, and then combined with the phase-frequency characteristics of mode impedance of distribution line and photovoltaic power line, a fault section location method based on transient characteristic frequency band is proposed, which is not affected by non-fault disturbance such as photovoltaic control strategy and DG access capacity and location. Simulation results show that the method is effective.
Application research in multi-objective constrained optimization of composite wing structure
Authors: He Yan , Cheng Jialin , Mao Sen , Zhang Weijing
Published: December 2023

In order to explore the optimization of composite wing structure, this paper reviews the past research works of optimization of composite wing structures worldwide and in China. It concludes that most optimization methods and calculations are useful but only applied with specified theoretic model. Then relevant composite optimization theories and strength constraints with composite lamination failure criteria, stability, aeroelasticity are sorts out. Optimizing algorithm and applied solution rounding strategy are also listed. Concentrating on weight-reduction analysis on the thickness, sequence, and angle of the composite stacking under multiple constraints, a practical model of a composite wing structure example with a large aspect ratio is completed, and the calculation is based on the finite element analysis tool Nastran and the genetic algorithm Matlab program. Two optimal solutions are given with detailed differences and the comparison of the composite structure parameters before and after calculation is also recorded. The application example indicates the feasibility of the optimization method and quadratic rounding process, the detail structure performance improvements with skin lamination change under the calculation are illustrated at the same time.
Mental health and wellbeing outcomes of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies: a systematic review
Authors: Flores Elaine C , Brown Laura J , Kakuma Ritsuko , Eaton Julian , Dangour Alan D
Published: December 2023

Climate change has already impacted the health and wellbeing of ∼5 billion people globally. However, the potential influence of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies on mental health and wellbeing outcomes in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) remains insufficiently understood. We aimed to determine the effect of these strategies on mental health and wellbeing outcomes among LMIC beneficiaries. We carried out a systematic review to identify intervention and case studies published from 2013 to 2022, searching OVID Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Global Health, Cochrane Library, GreenFile, Web of Science, and a subset of studies from the ‘Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative’ database. We included controlled, quasi-experimental, pilot, and focussed case studies reporting mental health or wellbeing outcomes assessments of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. We categorised studies by design, geographic region, target population, setting, environmental hazard, strategy type and primary outcomes. PROSPERO registry: CRD42021262711. A total of 9532 studies were initially retrieved, and 15 studies involving 12 255 participants met the inclusion criteria. Among these, twelve studies described evidence from single-adaptation strategies in nine LMICs, while three reported mitigation programmes. Only two randomised evaluations assessed common mental disorders such as depression, trauma or anxiety using validated scales. Most studies evaluated broader wellbeing at the community and individual levels. Nine studies (53.3%) reported significant beneficial changes in mental health or wellbeing outcomes among beneficiaries, while six (46.7%) obtained mixed results linked to local and sociocultural factors. The interventions ‘practical significance and overall impact remained unclear due to the heterogeneous reporting in program effectiveness, gaps in effect size assessments or qualitative insights. Our review highlights the scarcity and limited nature of the current evidence, underscoring the need for further equitable research. The ongoing global climate and mental health crises press us to fully understand and address these strategies’ psychosocial impacts and translate these findings into effective policy and transdisciplinary action as an opportunity to prevent and ameliorate significant, long-term problems in the population’s mental health and wellbeing.
Building spatial symmetries into parameterized quantum circuits for faster training
Authors: Sauvage Frédéric , Larocca Martín , Coles Patrick J , Cerezo M
Published: December 2023

Practical success of quantum learning models hinges on having a suitable structure for the parameterized quantum circuit. Such structure is defined both by the types of gates employed and by the correlations of their parameters. While much research has been devoted to devising adequate gate-sets, typically respecting some symmetries of the problem, very little is known about how their parameters should be structured. In this work, we show that an ideal parameter structure naturally emerges when carefully considering spatial symmetries (i.e. the symmetries that are permutations of parts of the system under study). Namely, we consider the automorphism group of the problem Hamiltonian, leading us to develop a circuit construction that is equivariant under this symmetry group. The benefits of our novel circuitstructure, called ORB, are numerically probed in several ground-state problems. We find a consistent improvement (in terms of circuit depth, number of parameters required, and gradient magnitudes) compared to literature circuit constructions.
Preparation of MXene-based hybrids and their application in neuromorphic devices
Authors: Xiao Zhuohao , Xiao Xiaodong , Kong Ling Bing , Dong Hongbo , Li Xiuying , He Bin , Ruan Shuangchen , Zhai Jianpang , Zhou Kun , Huang Qin , Chu Liang
Published: December 2023

The traditional von Neumann computing architecture has relatively-low information processing speed and high power consumption, making it difficult to meet the computing needs of artificial intelligence (AI). Neuromorphic computing systems, with massively parallel computing capability and low power consumption, have been considered as an ideal option for data storage and AI computing in the future. Memristor, as the fourth basic electronic component besides resistance, capacitance and inductance, is one of the most competitive candidates for neuromorphic computing systems benefiting from the simple structure, continuously adjustable conductivity state, ultra-low power consumption, high switching speed and compatibility with existing CMOS technology. The memristors with applying MXene-based hybrids have attracted significant attention in recent years. Here, we introduce the latest progress in the synthesis of MXene-based hybrids and summarize their potential applications in memristor devices and neuromorphological intelligence. We explore the development trend of memristors constructed by combining MXenes with other functional materials and emphatically discuss the potential mechanism of MXenes-based memristor devices. Finally, the future prospects and directions of MXene-based memristors are briefly described.
Current source converter-based optimal power extraction and power control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) using backstepping control
Authors: Kumar Ram Krishan , Choudhary Jayanti
Published: December 2023

An improved backstepping control technique for the operation of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) powered by a wind turbine (WT) was developed and discussed. It is derived from a current source converter (CSC). The optimal backstepping control (BSC) settings are determined using the CSC approach, which can improve the drive by providing a more rapid dynamic response, greater precision, and stable performance. The CSC approach control function was constructed using the index criterion integral time square error (ITSE) and integral time absolute error (ITAE). With the simulation technique in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, the proposed BSC-CSC effectiveness is confirmed, and analyse the performance by using the PI and SMC control. The results indicate the goals of this work have been achieved in the form of resilience, improved dynamic system efficiency, lowering the harmonic distortion, optimization of stator power, and successfully addressing the problem of model parameter uncertainty.
Robust control of a single-ended primary inductor converter using adrc technique
Authors: Kumar Priyanshu , Ajmeri Moina
Published: December 2023

Control of a single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) is a challenging task as it is a fourth-order non-linear system. In this paper, an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) scheme is proposed for the SEPIC converter with a high switching frequency. Selection of the observers and controller bandwidth is done according to the maximum sensitivity requirement to achieve robust performance towards varying input voltage and load. The effectiveness of the suggested ADRC is shown by calculating power and efficiencies for different loading conditions.
Exploring explainable AI: category theory insights into machine learning algorithms
Authors: Fabregat-Hernández Ares , Palanca Javier , Botti Vicent
Published: December 2023

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is a growing field that aims to increase the transparency and interpretability of machine learning (ML) models. The aim of this work is to use the categorical properties of learning algorithms in conjunction with the categorical perspective of the information in the datasets to give a framework for explainability. In order to achieve this, we are going to define the enriched categories, with decorated morphisms,

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of learners, parameterized functions, and neural networks over metric spaces respectively. The main idea is to encode information from the dataset via categorical methods, see how it propagates, and lastly, interpret the results thanks again to categorical (metric) information. This means that we can attach numerical (computable) information via enrichment to the structural information of the category. With this, we can translate theoretical information into parameters that are easily understandable. We will make use of different categories of enrichment to keep track of different kinds of information. That is, to see how differences in attributes of the data are modified by the algorithm to result in differences in the output to achieve better separation. In that way, the categorical framework gives us an algorithm to interpret what the learning algorithm is doing. Furthermore, since it is designed with generality in mind, it should be applicable in various different contexts. There are three main properties of category theory that help with the interpretability of ML models: formality, the existence of universal properties, and compositionality. The last property offers a way to combine smaller, simpler models that are easily understood to build larger ones. This is achieved by formally representing the structure of ML algorithms and information contained in the model. Finally, universal properties are a cornerstone of category theory. They help us characterize an object, not by its attributes, but by how it interacts with other objects. Thus, we can formally characterize an algorithm by how it interacts with the data. The main advantage of the framework is that it can unify under the same language different techniques used in XAI. Thus, using the same language and concepts we can describe a myriad of techniques and properties of ML algorithms, streamlining their explanation and making them easier to generalize and extrapolate.
Actin contraction controls nuclear blebbing and rupture independent of actin confinement
Authors: Pho Mai , Berrada Yasmin , Gunda Aachal , Lavallee Anya , Chiu Katherine , Padam Arimita , Currey Marilena L. , Stephens Andrew D.
Published: December 2023

The nucleus is a mechanically stable compartment of the cell that contains the genome and performs many essential functions. Nuclear mechanical components chromatin and lamins maintain nuclear shape, compartmentalization, and function by resisting antagonistic actin contraction and confinement. Studies have yet to compare chromatin and lamins perturbations side-by-side as well as modulated actin contraction while holding confinement constant. To accomplish this, we used nuclear localization signal green fluorescent protein to measure nuclear shape and rupture in live cells with chromatin and lamin perturbations. We then modulated actin contraction while maintaining actin confinement measured by nuclear height. Wild type, chromatin decompaction, and lamin B1 null present bleb-based nuclear deformations and ruptures dependent on actin contraction and independent of actin confinement. Actin contraction inhibition by Y27632 decreased nuclear blebbing and ruptures while activation by CN03 increased rupture frequency. Lamin A/C null results in overall abnormal shape also reliant on actin contraction, but similar blebs and ruptures as wild type. Increased DNA damage is caused by nuclear blebbing or abnormal shape which can be relieved by inhibition of actin contraction which rescues nuclear shape and decreases DNA damage levels in all perturbations. Thus, actin contraction drives nuclear blebbing, bleb-based ruptures, and abnormal shape independent of changes in actin confinement.
Proteinuria screening and risk of bone fracture: a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide population-based database
Authors: Okada Akira , Honda Akira , Watanabe Hideaki , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Aso Shotaro , Kurakawa Kayo Ikeda , Nangaku Masaomi , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Yasunaga Hideo , Chikuda Hirotaka , Kadowaki Takashi , Yamaguchi Satoko
Published: December 2023

Background and hypothesis

Proteinuria is associated with an increased risk of kidney function deterioration, cardiovascular disease, or cancer. Previous reports suggesting an association between kidney dysfunction and bone fracture may be confounded by concomitant proteinuria and were inconsistent regarding the association between proteinuria and bone fracture. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association using a large administrative claims database in Japan.

Methods

Using the DeSC database, we retrospectively identified individuals with laboratory data including urine dipstick test between August 2014 and February 2021. We evaluated the association between proteinuria and vertebral or hip fracture using multivariable Cox regression analyses adjusted for various background factors including kidney function. We also performed subgroup analyses stratified by sex and kidney function and sensitivity analyses with Fine & Gray models considering death as a competing risk.

Results

We identified 603 766 individuals and observed 21 195 fractures. With reference to the negative proteinuria group, the hazard ratio for hip or vertebral fracture was 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.14] and 1.16 (95%CI, 1.11–1.22) in the trace and positive proteinuria group, respectively, in the Cox regression analysis. The subgroup analyses showed similar trends. The Fine & Gray model showed a subdistribution hazard ratio of 1.09 (95%CI, 1.05–1.14) in the trace proteinuria group and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.10–1.20) in the positive proteinuria group.

Conclusions

Proteinuria was associated with an increased risk of developing hip or vertebral fractures after adjustment for kidney function. Our results highlight the clinical importance of checking proteinuria for predicting bone fractures.
Degree-preserving graph dynamics: a versatile process to construct random networks
Authors: Erdős Péter L , Kharel Shubha R , Mezei Tamás R , Toroczkai Zoltan
Published: December 2023

Real-world networks evolve over time via the addition or removal of vertices and edges. In current network evolution models, vertex degree varies or grows arbitrarily. A recently introduced degree-preserving network growth (DPG) family of models preserves vertex degree, resulting in structures significantly different from and more diverse than previous models ([Nature Physics 2021, DOI:10.1038/s41567-021-01417-7]). Despite its degree preserving property, the DPG model is able to replicate the output of several well-known real-world network growth models. Simulations showed that many real-world networks can also be constructed from small seed graphs via the DPG process. Here, we start the development of a rigorous mathematical theory underlying the DPG family of network growth models. We prove that the degree sequence of the output of some of the well-known, real-world network growth models can be reconstructed via the DPG process, using proper parametrization. We also show that the general problem of deciding whether a simple graph can be obtained via the DPG process from a small seed (DPG feasibility) is, however, NP-complete. It is an intriguing open problem to uncover whether there is a structural reason behind the DPG-constructability of real-world networks. Keywords: network growth models; degree-preserving growth (DPG); matching theory; synthetic networks; power-law degree distribution.
Tooth mobility restriction by multistranded and CAD/CAM retainers—an in vitro study
Authors: Roser Christoph J , Rues Stefan , Erber Ralf , Hodecker Lutz , Lux Christopher J , Bauer Carolien A J
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Orthodontic retainers should restrict physiological tooth mobility as little as possible. While this has been investigated for multistranded retainers, there is a lack of data for novel CAD/CAM retainers. To address this, the present study compared the restriction of physiological tooth mobility in multistranded retainers and different CAD/CAM retainers.

Material/methods

One group of multistranded (n = 8) and five groups of CAD/CAM retainers (nickel-titanium (NiTi), titanium grade 5 (Ti5), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), zirconia (ZrO2), and cobalt-chromium (CoCr); each n = 8) bonded from canine to canine were investigated for their influence on vertical and horizontal tooth mobility using an in vitro model of a lower arch in a universal testing machine. Load–deflection curves were determined and statistically analysed.

Results

All retainers restricted tooth mobility to varying extents. The retainers had less of an influence on vertical tooth mobility, with less of a difference between retainers (14%–38% restriction). In contrast, significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were observed between retainers in the restriction of horizontal tooth mobility. ZrO2 retainers had the greatest impact, restricting horizontal tooth mobility by 82% (68 ± 20 µm/100N), followed by CoCr (75%, 94 ± 26 µm/100N) and PEEK (73%, 103 ± 28 µm/100N) CAD/CAM retainers, which had comparable effects on horizontal tooth mobility. Ti5 (54%, 175 ± 66 µm/100N) and NiTi (34%, 248 ± 119 µm/100N) CAD/CAM retainers had less of an influence on horizontal tooth mobility, and were comparable to multistranded retainers (44%, 211 ± 77 µm/100N).

Limitations

This is an in vitro study, so clinical studies are needed to draw clinical conclusions.

Conclusions

Multistranded and CAD/CAM retainers have different effects on tooth mobility in vitro. These effects should be further explored in future in vivo studies.
Unraveling the Molecular Basis of Stabilizing Selection by Experimental Evolution
Authors: Schlötterer Christian
Published: December 2023

Stabilizing selection provides a challenge to molecular population genetics. Although stabilizing selection is ubiquitous, its genomic signature is difficult to distinguish from demographic signals. Experimental evolution provides a promising approach to characterize genomic regions exposed to stabilizing selection. A recent experimental evolution study of Aedes aegypti populations evolving either with or without sexual selection found a pattern of genetic differentiation suggestive of relaxed stabilizing selection. I argue that this study could not have detected the signal of relaxed stabilizing selection. I highlight why incorrect statistical methods resulted in a high number of false positive candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and discuss the fallacy of functional validation of candidate SNPs for polygenic traits by RNA-mediated knockdown.