bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hostile Sexism, Benevolent Sexism, and American Elections
Authors: Winter Nicholas J. G.
Published: June 2022

Analyzing unique, nationally representative data, I show that two faces of sexism—hostile and benevolent—operate in systematically different ways to shape Americans’ electoral decisions and evaluations of their leaders. In the 2016 presidential election, both fostered support for Donald Trump and opposition to Hillary Clinton. They operated differently at the congressional level, however. In analyses of actual congressional candidates and in a conjoint experiment, the impact of hostile sexism is moderated by candidate sex: those high in hostile sexism oppose (and those low in hostile sexism favor) female candidates. Benevolent sexism is moderated by candidates’ symbolically gendered leadership styles: those high in benevolent sexism oppose candidates with feminine styles and favor candidates with masculine styles, regardless of whether the candidate is male or female. I conclude with discussion of the implications of the two faces of sexism for the role of gender and power in American elections.
Contagion of the Jews: Metaphorical and Rhetorical Uses of Sickness, Plague, and Disease in Pseudo-Hegesippus
Authors: Bay Carson
Published: June 2022

Drawing upon discourses developed in earlier Graeco-Roman and Judaeo-Christian antiquity, the little-known text De excidio Hierosolymitano, also dubbed ‘Pseudo-Hegesippus’, develops a discourse of Jewish disease within a history of Jerusalem's destruction by the Romans in 70 CE. Based upon Flavius Josephus's Greek Jewish War, this Latin Christian text of Late Antiquity thus deploys a rhetoric of Jewish contagion within its historiographical solution to the Christian theological exigency of explaining the Jews out of history. Far from being an incidental or merely aesthetic component of this work, this article shows that a discourse of Jewish sickness constitutes a central component of Pseudo-Hegesippus's conceptualization and presentation of the end of Jerusalem and the historical demise of the Jews.
Statins and statin intensity in peripheral artery	disease
Authors: Sagris Marios , Katsaros Ioannis , Giannopoulos Stefanos , Rosenberg Russell D. , Altin S. Elissa , Rallidis Loukianos , Mena-Hurtado Carlos , Armstrong Ehrin J. , Kokkinidis Damianos G.
Published: June 2022

Summary: Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects more than 202 million people worldwide. Several studies have shown that patients with PAD are often undertreated, and that statin utilization is suboptimal. European and American guidelines highlight statins as the first-line lipid-lowering therapy to treat patients with PAD. Our objective with this meta-analysis was to further explore the impact of statins on lower extremities PAD endpoints and examine whether statin dose (high vs. low intensity) impacts outcomes. Patients and methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the PRISMA guidelines. Any study that presented a comparison of use of statins vs. no statins for PAD patients or studies comparing high vs. low intensity statins were considered to be potentially eligible. We excluded studies with only critical limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients. The Medline (PubMed) database was searched up to January 31, 2021. A random effects meta-analysis was performed. Results: In total, 39 studies and 275,670 patients were included in this meta-analysis. In total, 136,025 (49.34%) patients were on statins vs. 139,645 (50.66%) who were not on statins. Statin use was associated with a reduction in all cause-mortality by 42% (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.49–0.67, p<0.01) and cardiovascular death by 43% (HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40–0.74, p<0.01). Statin use was associated with an increase in amputation-free survival by 56% (HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.30–0.58, p<0.01). The risk of amputation and loss of patency were reduced by 35% (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.41–0.89, p<0.01) and 46% (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34–0.74, p<0.01), respectively. Statin use was also associated with a reduction in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) by 35% (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.51–0.80, p<0.01) and myocardial infarction rates by 41% (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.33–0.86, p<0.01). Among patients treated with statins, the high-intensity treatment group was associated with a reduction in all cause-mortality by 36% (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54–0.74, p<0.01) compared to patients treated with low intensity statins. Conclusions: Statin treatment among patients with PAD was associated with a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, MACE, risk for amputation, or loss of patency. Higher statin dose seems to be associated with improved outcomes.
Enhancing Newcomer Research and Knowledge Mobilization Through a Community-Based Knowledge Engagement Hub
Authors: Khalid Ayisha , O'Brien Mary Grantham , Walsh Christine , Chowdhury Nashit , Turin Tanvir C.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. As immigration to Canada increases, the complexities associated with serving newcomers (immigrants, refugees, temporary foreign workers, and international students) of diverse ethnogeographical backgrounds also increase. A range of stakeholder groups including researchers, policy makers, immigrant service provider organizations, and newcomer grassroots community organizations aim to help ease the process of settlement and integration for newcomers. A community-based knowledge engagement hub, which has been previously applied in the Indigenous community context, can facilitate the reciprocal flow of knowledge between those involved in newcomer settlement and inform newcomer-centered practice, policy, and research on settlement issues.
Paradoxical role of β8 integrin on angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry in glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Yang , Xu Xiangdong , Zhang Yuxuan , Mo Yunzhao , Sun Xinlin , Shu Lingling , Ke Yiquan
Published: June 2022

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and highly vascularized brain tumor with poor prognosis. Endothelial cell-dependent angiogenesis and tumor cell-dependent Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) synergistically contribute to glioma vascularization and progression. However, the mechanism underlying GBM vascularization remains unclear. In this study, GBM stem cells (GSCs) were divided into high and low β8 integrin (ITGB8) subpopulations. Co-culture assays followed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), migration, Matrigel tube formation, and sprouting assays were conducted to assess the proliferative, migratory and angiogenic capacity of GBM cells and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs). An intracranial glioma model was constructed to assess the effect of ITGB8 on tumor vascularization in vivo. Our results indicated that ITGB8 expression was elevated in GSCs and positively associated with stem cell markers in glioma tissues, and could be induced by hypoxia and p38 activation. ITGB8 in GSCs inhibited the angiogenesis of hBMECs in vitro, while it promoted the ability of network formation and expression of VM-related proteins. The orthotopic GBM model showed that ITGB8 contributed to decreased angiogenesis, meanwhile enhanced invasiveness and VM formation. Mechanistic studies indicated that ITGB8-TGFβ1 axis modulates VM and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process via Smad2/3-RhoA signaling. Together, our findings demonstrated a differential role for ITGB8 in the regulation of angiogenesis and VM formation in GBM, and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of ITGB8 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of GBM.
Global relationships in tree functional traits
Authors: Maynard Daniel S. , Bialic-Murphy Lalasia , Zohner Constantin M. , Averill Colin , van den Hoogen Johan , Ma Haozhi , Mo Lidong , Smith Gabriel Reuben , Acosta Alicia T. R. , Aubin Isabelle , Berenguer Erika , Boonman Coline C. F. , Catford Jane A. , Cerabolini Bruno E. L. , Dias Arildo S. , González-Melo Andrés , Hietz Peter , Lusk Christopher H. , Mori Akira S. , Niinemets Ülo , Pillar Valério D. , Pinho Bruno X. , Rosell Julieta A. , Schurr Frank M. , Sheremetev Serge N. , da Silva Ana Carolina , Sosinski Ênio , van Bodegom Peter M. , Weiher Evan , Bönisch Gerhard , Kattge Jens , Crowther Thomas W.
Published: June 2022

Due to massive energetic investments in woody support structures, trees are subject to unique physiological, mechanical, and ecological pressures not experienced by herbaceous plants. Despite a wealth of studies exploring trait relationships across the entire plant kingdom, the dominant traits underpinning these unique aspects of tree form and function remain unclear. Here, by considering 18 functional traits, encompassing leaf, seed, bark, wood, crown, and root characteristics, we quantify the multidimensional relationships in tree trait expression. We find that nearly half of trait variation is captured by two axes: one reflecting leaf economics, the other reflecting tree size and competition for light. Yet these orthogonal axes reveal strong environmental convergence, exhibiting correlated responses to temperature, moisture, and elevation. By subsequently exploring multidimensional trait relationships, we show that the full dimensionality of trait space is captured by eight distinct clusters, each reflecting a unique aspect of tree form and function. Collectively, this work identifies a core set of traits needed to quantify global patterns in functional biodiversity, and it contributes to our fundamental understanding of the functioning of forests worldwide.
Striatal hub of dynamic and stabilized prediction coding in forebrain networks for olfactory reinforcement learning
Authors: Winkelmeier Laurens , Filosa Carla , Hartig Renée , Scheller Max , Sack Markus , Reinwald Jonathan R. , Becker Robert , Wolf David , Gerchen Martin Fungisai , Sartorius Alexander , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Weber-Fahr Wolfgang , Clemm von Hohenberg Christian , Russo Eleonora , Kelsch Wolfgang
Published: June 2022

Identifying the circuits responsible for cognition and understanding their embedded computations is a challenge for neuroscience. We establish here a hierarchical cross-scale approach, from behavioral modeling and fMRI in task-performing mice to cellular recordings, in order to disentangle local network contributions to olfactory reinforcement learning. At mesoscale, fMRI identifies a functional olfactory-striatal network interacting dynamically with higher-order cortices. While primary olfactory cortices respectively contribute only some value components, the downstream olfactory tubercle of the ventral striatum expresses comprehensively reward prediction, its dynamic updating, and prediction error components. In the tubercle, recordings reveal two underlying neuronal populations with non-redundant reward prediction coding schemes. One population collectively produces stabilized predictions as distributed activity across neurons; in the other, neurons encode value individually and dynamically integrate the recent history of uncertain outcomes. These findings validate a cross-scale approach to mechanistic investigations of higher cognitive functions in rodents.
Hippocampal representations switch from errors to predictions during acquisition of predictive associations
Authors: Aitken Fraser , Kok Peter
Published: June 2022

We constantly exploit the statistical regularities in our environment to help guide our perception. The hippocampus has been suggested to play a pivotal role in both learning environmental statistics, as well as exploiting them to generate perceptual predictions. However, it is unclear how the hippocampus balances encoding new predictive associations with the retrieval of existing ones. Here, we present the results of two high resolution human fMRI studies (N = 24 for both experiments) directly investigating this. Participants were exposed to auditory cues that predicted the identity of an upcoming visual shape (with 75% validity). Using multivoxel decoding analysis, we find that the hippocampus initially preferentially represents unexpected shapes (i.e., those that violate the cue regularities), but later switches to representing the cue-predicted shape regardless of which was actually presented. These findings demonstrate that the hippocampus is involved both acquiring and exploiting predictive associations, and is dominated by either errors or predictions depending on whether learning is ongoing or complete.
Model-based inference of metastatic seeding rates in de novo metastatic breast cancer reveals the impact of secondary seeding and molecular subtype
Authors: Vitos Noemi , Gerlee Philip
Published: June 2022

We present a stochastic network model of metastasis spread for de novo metastatic breast cancer, composed of tumor to metastasis (primary seeding) and metastasis to metastasis spread (secondary seeding), parameterized using the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database. The model provides a quantification of tumor cell dissemination rates between the tumor and metastasis sites. These rates were used to estimate the probability of developing a metastasis for untreated patients. The model was validated using tenfold cross-validation. We also investigated the effect of HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2) status, estrogen receptor (ER) status and progesterone receptor (PR) status on the probability of metastatic spread. We found that dissemination rate through secondary seeding is up to 300 times higher than through primary seeding. Hormone receptor positivity promotes seeding to the bone and reduces seeding to the lungs and primary seeding to the liver, while HER2 expression increases dissemination to the bone, lungs and primary seeding to the liver. Secondary seeding from the lungs to the liver seems to be hormone receptor-independent, while that from the lungs to the brain appears HER2-independent.
Analysis on vaccine hesitation and its associated factors among parents of preschool children in Songgang Street, Shenzhen
Authors: Shen Xin , Wu Xia , Deng Zhenyu , Liu Xiang , Zhu Yi , Huang Yuchai , Deng Yuhua , Tian Qingfeng , Gan Yong , Gong Yanhong , Lu Zuxun
Published: June 2022

China has the largest number of vaccinated population around the world. However, there has been few research on the prevalence and associated factors of vaccine hesitation among parents of preschool children. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the status of vaccine hesitation and its associated factors among children’s parents. A cluster random sampling method was adopted to select six community health service centers in Shenzhen, and parents of preschool children who were immunized in the vaccination outpatient department of the selected community health centers were surveyed using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Vaccine hesitation was assessed by the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) scale. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the associated factors for vaccine hesitance among children's parents. A total of 1025 parents (response rate, 93.18%) filled out the questionnaires. The average score of vaccine hesitancy was 43.37 (SD = 10.34) points. 23.61% of parents wanted children to get all the recommended shots, 53.76% of them did not believe that many of the illnesses shots prevent were severe, and 75.41% of them could not guarantee the information they receive about shots. The results of multiple linear regression showed that the number of children in the family (β = −0.93, 95% CI: −1.31 to 0.54), health status of the child (β = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.87), education level of the parents (Father: β = −0.84, 95%CI: −1.37 to 0.31; Mother: = −1.59, 95%CI:−2.13 to −1.05), and annual family income (β = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.13–2.16) were significantly associated with vaccine hesitation. The average score of parents' vaccine hesitation in Shenzhen was 43.37. The results showed that the number of children in the family, health status of the children, education level of the parents and annual family income were important factors associated with the parents' vaccine hesitation.
A novel non-destructive testing method for turbine disks using dual array ultrasonic transducer
Authors: Teng Lichen , Zhou Zhenggan
Published: June 2022

A novel dual array inspection method for detecting the diffusion bonding defects of superalloy turbine disk has been proposed in this study. The influence of relative position between the planar defect and acoustic source has been analysed, and based on which, the transmission and reception algorithm for the dual array method has been proposed. The time delay law of the dual array transducer for the complex turbine disk structure has been investigated. Finite-difference time-domain theory has been used to establish the numerical model of the dual array method. In the numerical simulations, the novel method has been applied for the superalloy turbine disk specimen with prefabricated defects at the depth of 18.3 m and 28.3 mm. Furthermore, the corresponding experiment has been conducted and verifies the reliability of the simulation. The novel method shows advantages in detecting small diffusion bonding defects in complex structure, assisting the manufacture of superalloy turbine disks, and ensuring the safety of aircrafts.
The ratio of serum LL-37 levels to blood leucocyte count correlates with COVID-19 severity
Authors: Keutmann Matthias , Hermes Gabriele , Meinberger Denise , Roth Annika , Stemler Jannik , Cornely Oliver A. , Klatt Andreas R. , Streichert Thomas
Published: June 2022

Beneficial effects of vitamin D on COVID-19 progression have been discussed in several studies. Vitamin D stimulates the expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, and evidence shows that LL-37 can antagonize SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we investigated the association between LL-37 and vitamin D serum levels and the severity of COVID-19. To this end, 78 COVID-19 patients were divided into 5 groups according to disease severity. We determined serum levels of LL-37, vitamin D, and routine laboratory parameters. We demonstrated a correlation of CRP, IL-6, PCT, leukocyte count, and LDH with the severity of COVID-19. Our study did not demonstrate a direct relationship between serum levels of LL-37 and vitamin D and the severity of COVID-19. LL-37 is produced by granulocytes and released at the site of inflammation. Therefore, the analysis of LL-37 in broncho-alvelolar lavage rather than in patient serum seems critical. However, since LL-37 is produced by granulocytes, we determined serum LL-37 levels as a function of leukocyte count. The LL-37/leukocyte count ratio correlates highly significantly inversely proportional with COVID-19 severity. Our results indicate that the LL-37/leukocyte count ratio could be used to assess the risk of COVID-19 progression as early as hospital admission.
3-oxo-C12:2-HSL, quorum sensing molecule from human intestinal microbiota, inhibits pro-inflammatory pathways in immune cells via bitter taste receptors
Authors: Coquant Garance , Aguanno Doriane , Brot Loïc , Belloir Christine , Delugeard Julie , Roger Nathalie , Pham Hang-Phuong , Briand Loïc , Moreau Marielle , de Sordi Luisa , Carrière Véronique , Grill Jean-Pierre , Thenet Sophie , Seksik Philippe
Published: June 2022

In the gut ecosystem, microorganisms regulate group behaviour and interplay with the host via a molecular system called quorum sensing (QS). The QS molecule 3-oxo-C12:2-HSL, first identified in human gut microbiota, exerts anti-inflammatory effects and could play a role in inflammatory bowel diseases where dysbiosis has been described. Our aim was to identify which signalling pathways are involved in this effect. We observed that 3-oxo-C12:2-HSL decreases expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukine-1β (− 35%) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) (− 40%) by stimulated immune RAW264.7 cells and decreased TNF secretion by stimulated PBMC in a dose-dependent manner, between 25 to 100 µM. Transcriptomic analysis of RAW264.7 cells exposed to 3-oxo-C12:2-HSL, in a pro-inflammatory context, highlighted JAK-STAT, NF-κB and TFN signalling pathways and we confirmed that 3-oxo-C12:2-HSL inhibited JAK1 and STAT1 phosphorylation. We also showed through a screening assay that 3-oxo-C12:2-HSL interacted with several human bitter taste receptors. Its anti-inflammatory effect involved TAS2R38 as shown by pharmacologic inhibition and led to an increase in intracellular calcium levels. We thus unravelled the involvement of several cellular pathways in the anti-inflammatory effects exerted by the QS molecule 3-oxo-C12:2-HSL.
N-oleoylethanolamide treatment of lymphoblasts deficient in Tafazzin improves cell growth and mitochondrial morphology and dynamics
Authors: Chan John Z. , Fernandes Maria F. , Steckel Klaudia E. , Bradley Ryan M. , Hashemi Ashkan , Groh Mishi R. , Sciaini German , Stark Ken D. , Duncan Robin E.
Published: June 2022

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by mutations in the TAZ gene encoding the cardiolipin remodeling enzyme, Tafazzin. The study objective was to quantitatively examine growth characteristics and mitochondrial morphology of transformed lymphoblast cell lines derived from five patients with BTHS relative to five healthy controls, as well as the therapeutic potential of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and linoleoylethanolamide (LEA). These bioactive lipids both activate PPARα, which may be therapeutic. BTHS lymphoblasts grew more slowly than controls, suggesting lymphopenia merits clinical investigation. Treatment of BTHS lymphoblasts with OEA, but not LEA, significantly restored mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as colony growth in all BTHS lymphoblast lines, although a full growth rescue was not achieved. Quantification analysis of electron micrographs from three BTHS and healthy lymphoblast donors indicated similar numbers of mitochondria per cell, but lower average cristae length per mitochondrion, and higher mitochondrial density. Additionally, BTHS lymphoblasts had larger mitochondria, and a higher percentage of abnormally large mitochondria (> 1 μm2) than healthy controls. Notably, OEA treatment significantly restored mitochondrial size, without affecting density or cristae lengths. Cardiolipin total content, relative linoleic acid content and monolysocardiolipin:cardiolipin ratios were not improved by OEA, indicating that effects on growth, and mitochondrial morphology and function, occurred without resolving this deficit. However, immunoblotting showed higher levels of OPA1, a biomarker for mitochondrial fusion, in BTHS lymphoblasts, which was attenuated by OEA treatment, implicating altered mitochondrial dynamics in the pathology and treatment of BTHS.
Effects of visual input on changes in the bioelectrical activity of the cervical and masticatory muscles in myopic subjects
Authors: Zieliński Grzegorz , Matysik-Woźniak Anna , Baszczowski Michał , Rapa Maria , Ginszt Michał , Zawadka Magdalena , Szkutnik Jacek , Rejdak Robert , Gawda Piotr
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to analyze the changes within the bioelectrical activity of the cervical spine and masticatory muscles during the change of visual stimulus—open and closed eyes test. After applying the inclusion criteria, 50 subjects were included in the study, with visual impairment ranging from −0.5 to −5.75 Diopters. Four muscle pairs were analyzed: the anterior part of the temporalis muscle (TA), the superficial part of the masseter muscle (MM), the anterior belly of the digastric muscle (DA), and the middle part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) belly during rest, teeth clenching, teeth clenching on dental cotton rollers, and active mouth opening. Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in the bioelectrical activity during teeth clenching of all analyzed muscles during the closed eyes test. Significant decreases of electromyographic values were also observed during resting activity within TA muscles, during teeth clenching with dental cotton rollers within SCM and DA muscles, and during active mouth opening within the right masseter. Changing the visual stimulus from open eyes to closed eyes in people with myopia affects the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory and cervical spine muscles.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Biosynthesis of Zn-doped CuFe2O4 nanoparticles and their cytotoxic activity
Authors: Darvish Maryam , Nasrabadi Navid , Fotovat Farnoush , Khosravi Setareh , Khatami Mehrdad , Jamali Samira , Mousavi Elnaz , Iravani Siavash , Rahdar Abbas
Published: June 2022

Zn-doped CuFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were eco-friendly synthesized using plant extract. These nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM image showed spherical NPs with size range less than 30 nm. In the EDS diagram, the elements of zinc, copper, iron, and oxygen are shown. The cytotoxicity and anticancer properties of Zn-doped CuFe2O4 NPs were evaluated on macrophage normal cells and A549 lung cancer cells. The cytotoxic effects of Zn-doped CuFe2O4 and CuFe2O4 NPs on A549 cancer cell lines were analyzed. The Zn-doped CuFe2O4 and CuFe2O4 NPs demonstrated IC50 values 95.8 and 278.4 µg/mL on A549 cancer cell, respectively. Additionally, Zn-doped CuFe2O4 and CuFe2O4 NPs had IC80 values of 8.31 and 16.1 µg/mL on A549 cancer cell, respectively. Notably, doping Zn on CuFe2O4 NPs displayed better cytotoxic effects on A549 cancer cells compared with the CuFe2O4 NPs alone. Also spinel nanocrystals of Zn-doped CuFe2O4 (~ 13 nm) had a minimum toxicity (CC50 = 136.6 µg/mL) on macrophages J774 Cell Line.
Fabrication and nanoscale properties of PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer nanospheres
Authors: Sanviti Matteo , Alegria Angel , Martínez-Tong Daniel E.
Published: June 2022

Electrically conducting nanospheres of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with tailored size were prepared using a solvent displacement technique. The nanospheres presented good electrical conductivity.
High temperature molecular motions within a model protomembrane architecture
Authors: Misuraca Loreto , Matsuo Tatsuhito , Cisse Aline , LoRicco Josephine , Caliò Antonio , Zanotti Jean-Marc , Demé Bruno , Oger Philippe , Peters Judith
Published: June 2022

Different molecular motions within protomembranes probed by quasi-elastic neutron scattering.
0D/2D Co0.85Se/TiO2 p–n heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Feng Keting , Sun Tao , Hu Xiaoyun , Fan Jun , Yang Dongyuan , Liu Enzhou
Published: June 2022

The H2 rate of 15%-Co0.85Se/TiO2 is 2312.5 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 10.3 times and 10.8 times higher than TiO2 and Co0.85Se. The enhanced activity is attributed to the higher electrochemically active surface area and the formation of p–n heterostructure.
Frontiers in chiral phosphorescent complexes for circularly polarized electroluminescence
Authors: Zhang Yi-Pin , Zheng You-Xuan
Published: June 2022

Chiral phosphorescent metal complexes always show outstanding CP-OLED performances. But unfortunately, the dissymmetry g factors are only at the 10−4–10−2 level. A balance between these two elements is the main point for future work in this area.
Copper metal organic framework as natural oxidase mimic for effective killing of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Mao Zhihui , Chen Jie , Wang Yindian , Xia Junjie , Zhang Yajing , Zhang Weiwen , Zhu Han , Hu Xiaojun , Chen Hongxia
Published: June 2022

By mimicking the active copper center of a natural enzyme and combining with the distinct channel of MOFs, a copper mimetic enzyme (Cu-MOFs) with oxidase-like activity and excellent antibacterial ability was synthesized and validated.
Reassignment of magic numbers for icosahedral Au clusters: 310, 564, 928 and 1426
Authors: Kloppenburg Jan , Pedersen Andreas , Laasonen Kari , Caro Miguel A. , Jónsson Hannes
Published: June 2022

A transition involving a single energy barrier leads to formation of a vacancy in the center and an extra atom in the surface shell.
Taking advantage of β-hydroxy amine enhanced reactivity and functionality for the synthesis of dual covalent adaptable networks
Authors: Berne Dimitri , Coste Guilhem , Morales-Cerrada Roberto , Boursier Marine , Pinaud Julien , Ladmiral Vincent , Caillol Sylvain
Published: June 2022

This study highlights the potential of β-hydroxy amines as building blocks for aza-Michael CANs.
Carbazole-2-carbonitrile as an acceptor in deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for narrowing charge-transfer emissions
Authors: Chan Chin-Yiu , Lee Yi-Ting , Mamada Masashi , Goushi Kenichi , Tsuchiya Youichi , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya
Published: June 2022

Deep-blue donor–acceptor thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on carbazole-2-carbonitrile are synthesized, resulting in narrow emission with full-width at half-maximums of less than 50 nm and a maximum OLED EQE of up to 17.5%.
Room-temperature all-solid-state lithium metal batteries based on ultrathin polymeric electrolytes
Authors: Feng Jianwen , Wang Jiayi , Gu Qiao , Thitisomboon Wadeelada , Yao Dahua , Deng Yonghong , Gao Ping
Published: June 2022

Nanoconfinement of a PEO–PPO–PEO copolymer in an ultrathin PE membrane leads to high segmental mobility, which enables fast ion conduction.
Nanoscale patterning of polymers on DNA origami
Authors: Alleva Nico , Winterwerber Pia , Whitfield Colette J. , Ng David Y. W. , Weil Tanja
Published: June 2022

Structurally precise biohybrid nanomaterials were created by grafting various polymers to DNA with high conversions under ambient conditions. They are patterned onto DNA origami nanostructures to form customizable surface contours.
Conditionally designed luminescent DNA crystals doped by Ln3+(Eu3+/Tb3+) complexes or fluorescent proteins with smart drug sensing property
Authors: Xiu Dan , Zhao Sibo , Li Zhenhua , Xu Yanan , Wang Yao , Zhu Zhijun , Zhang Min , Snow Christopher D. , Belfiore Laurence A. , Tang Jianguo
Published: June 2022

Porous DNA crystals with high intrinsic biocompatibility were designed to be used as scaffold materials, loaded with fluorescent guest molecules (fluorescent proteins/rare earth complexes) to detect anti-cancer drugs.
Rationally designed far-red emitting styryl chromones and a magnetic nanoconjugate for strip-based ‘on-site’ detection of metabolic markers
Authors: P. Kavyashree , Chakraborty Barsha , Rani Varsha , Koner Apurba Lal
Published: June 2022

The global burden of liver damage and renal failure necessitates technology-aided evolution towards point-of-care (POC) testing of metabolic markers.
Facile synthesis of annulated benzothiadiazole derivatives and their application as medium band gap acceptors in organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Hu Xiantao , Datt Ram , He Qiao , Kafourou Panagiota , Ka Hin Lee Harrison , White Andrew J. P. , Tsoi Wing Chung , Heeney Martin
Published: June 2022

Two benzothiadiazole derivatives annulated with 2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)malonitrile in the 4,5-position were prepared by a one-step procedure, and investigated as end-groups in non-fullerene acceptors for indoor photovoltaic applications.
COVID-19, Querdenker und wissenschaftliche Fake News – Wann
ist genug genug?
Authors: Borkens Yannick
Published: June 2022

Die COVID-19-Pandemie ist die stärkste Pandemie seit der Spanischen Grippe
vor 100 Jahren. Seit Ende 2019 hat SARS-CoV-2 über 5 Millionen Menschen
getötet und weit über 200 Millionen infiziert 1. Aber anders als die Spanische Grippe findet
die COVID-19-Pandemie in unserem modernen und vernetzten Zeitalter statt. Wir sind
mit anderen Menschen auf dieser Welt vernetzt und können Informationen
innerhalb von Sekunden international austauschen. Dadurch ist unser Planet
spürbar kleiner geworden, und Entfernungen, die zur Zeit der Spanischen
Grippe imposant erschienen, sind heute deutlich geringer. Aber gerade die aktuelle
Pandemie zeigt auch, dass diese Entwicklung nicht nur positiv ist. Seit der Pandemie
haben Fake News und Pseudowissenschaft einen Boom erlebt, der mittlerweile mehr als
nur beunruhigend ist. So wurde das Virus schnell politisiert. Vor allem
rechtskonservative Kreise nutzten den Ausbruch für ihre Zwecke. Der
ehemalige US-Präsident Donald Trump nutzte das Virus für seinen
zweiten Wahlkampf und verbreitete zum Teil gefährliche Falschaussagen 2. So pries er beispielsweise Bleich- und
Desinfektionsmittel als mögliche Heilmittel an. Als Folge dieser Aussagen
stieg die Zahl der Notrufe beim U.S. Poison Control Center deutlich an. Doch die
Folgen, die Fake News über COVID-19 auslösen, gehen weit
über medizinische Notrufe hinaus. Vor allem der Begriff
„China-Virus“ in Verbindung mit verschiedenen
Verschwörungstheorien über die mögliche Herkunft des Virus
aus dem Labor führte zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der antiasiatischen
Fremdenfeindlichkeit. Asiatische Bürger in verschiedenen Ländern
(unabhängig von einer möglichen chinesischen Herkunft) sahen sich
mit Vorurteilen und Rassismus konfrontiert, die in einigen Fällen weit
über Beleidigungen hinausgingen 3
4. So wurde Asiaten
beispielsweise der Zutritt zu Geschäften und Restaurants aufgrund ihrer
Herkunft verweigert. Diese Entwicklung war nicht auf ländliche oder
abgelegene Gebiete beschränkt, sondern betraf auch größere
Städte. Ein Beispiel ist die deutsche Stadt Düsseldorf, wo Asiaten
zu Beginn der Pandemie Hausverbot erhielten. Dies ist besonders bemerkenswert, weil
Düsseldorf für seine Nähe zu asiatischem Leben und
asiatischer Kultur bekannt ist. So leben beispielsweise 59% aller
japanischen Einwohner in Nordrhein-Westfalen in Düsseldorf. Dieses Beispiel
einer asienfreundlichen Stadt zeigt, wie akut dieses Problem zu Beginn der Pandemie
war.
Investigation of the Relationship between Vestibular Disorders and Sleep Disturbance
Authors: Mutlu Basak , Topcu Merve Torun
Published: June 2022

Introduction Vestibular pathologies cause physical and psychological symptoms, as well as cognitive problems.

Objective To evaluate the deterioration in sleep quality associated with vestibular pathologies.

Methods The Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Limits of Stability test (LOS) were applied to the participants.

Results We included 25 patients with Meniere's disease (MD), 22 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), 21 patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular loss (UPVL), 23 patients with vestibular migraine (VM), and 43 controls. The total PSQI scores of the controls were better than those of the MD (p = 0.014), VM (p < 0.001), BPPV (p = 0.003), and UPVL (p = 0.001) groups. The proportion of poor sleepers in the MD (p = 0.005), BPPV (p = 0.018), and UPVL (p < 0.001) groups was significantly higher than that of the controls. The highest total DHI score (45.68 ± 25.76) was found among the MD group, and it was significantly higher than the scores of the BPPV (p = 0.007) and control (p < 0.001) groups. The highest BDI score was obtained in the VM group, and it was significantly higher than the scores of the BPPV (p = 0.046) and control (p < 0.001) groups. Moreover, the BDI scores of the MD (p = 0.001) and UPVL groups were also significantly worse than the score of the controls (p = 0.001).

Conclusion The present study showed thatpatients with vestibular symptoms have physical and functional complaints, as well as increased psychosocial stress and decreased sleep quality. Evaluating multiple parameters of quality of life may contribute to a better understanding of vestibular physiology and symptoms, and may help establish a more effective therapeutic approach.
Study of Surrogate Immunohistochemical Markers IDH1, ATRX, BRAF V600E, and p53 Mutation in Astrocytic and Oligodendroglial Tumors
Authors: Sharma Santosh , Mathur Kusum , Mittal Alka , Mukta Meel , Jindal Arpita , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2022

Introduction In consonance with current the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors (2016), histological diagnosis of gliomas should be reinforced by molecular information. This study was performed to determine the frequency of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), α thalassemia/intellectual disability syndrome X-linked (ATRX), p53, and BRAF V600E mutations in different grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.

Methods Seventy-seven cases of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma (7 pilocytic astrocytomas, 15 diffuse astrocytomas [DA], 4 anaplastic astrocytomas [AA], 29 glioblastomas [GBM], and 22 oligodendrogliomas) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for IDH1 mutant protein, ATRX, p53, and BRAF as well as their clinicopathological features assessed.

Results All pilocytic astrocytoma and primary glioblastoma cases were negative for an IDH1 mutation. IDH1 mutation was detected in 66.7% (10/15) of DA, 50% (2/4) of AA, 20.7% (6/29) of glioblastomas, and 81.8% (18/22) of oligodendroglioma cases. Loss of nuclear ATRX expression was found in 86.7% (13/15), 75% (3/4), and 34.5% (10/29) of DA, AA, and GBM cases, respectively. All oligodendroglioma cases showed retained ATRX expression. Both markers were found statistically significant in the above tumors (p <0.05). BRAF V600E mutation was detected in a single case of pilocytic astrocytoma and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma as well as both cases of epithelioid glioblastoma.

Conclusions IDH1 and ATRX mutations are very common in diffuse astrocytoma and anaplastic astrocytoma, while they are rare in pilocytic astrocytoma and glioblastoma. Immunohistochemistry for IDH1 and ATRX can successfully characterize the diffuse gliomas into molecularly defined groups in the majority of the cases. BRAF V600E mutation is rare in astrocytic tumors in the Indian population.
An Entropy-Based Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Analgesic and Hypnotic Effects of Equipotent Doses of Sevoflurane and Isoflurane in Patients Presenting for Spine Surgeries
Authors: Ajayan Neeraja , Christudas Jayakumar , Morris Linette , Hrishi Ajay Prasad
Published: June 2022

Objectives Minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of anesthetic agents has been considered a suitable measure of the potency of inhalational anesthetics. Furthermore, it is assumed that equi-MAC concentrations of different anesthetic agents have a similar potency in suppressing responses to painful stimuli. Isoflurane and sevoflurane are two commonly used volatile anesthetic agents in spine surgeries. Therefore, these agents' hypnotic and analgesic potencies should be distinguished and comprehended for the optimal administration of anesthesia. Consequently, we undertook this study to compare the analgesic and hypnotic potencies between these agents at equi-MAC concentrations, using the entropy monitor.

Materials and Methods Forty patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery were randomly assigned to two groups receiving either isoflurane (n = 20) or sevoflurane (n = 20). After induction, maintenance of anesthesia was done with age-corrected 1.0 MAC of either isoflurane or sevoflurane. A standardized noxious stimulus was provided to all the patients after achieving a steady state of 1.0 MAC. The state entropy (SE), response entropy (RE), and RE–SE were recorded at baseline, prestimulus, and poststimulus time points in both groups.

Statistical Analyses Data are presented as frequency and percentages for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables. The comparison of categorical variables between the two groups was made using the Fisher's exact test, and the Student's t-test was used for continuous variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results At age-corrected 1.0 MAC, there was no significant difference in the SE, RE, and RE–SE in both the groups at any time point.

Conclusion Our study shows that during a steady state of age-corrected 1.0 MAC single-agent anesthesia, sevoflurane and isoflurane have comparable analgesic and hypnotic potencies as measured by entropy indices when a standardized nociceptive stimulus is provided.
Proximal Trapezoidectomy and Scaphotrapezoid Joint Tendon Interposition at the Time of Ligament Reconstruction and Tendon Interposition for Pan Trapezial Osteoarthritis Does Not Increase Proximal Carpal Row Malalignment
Authors: Ross Mark , Gilpin David , James Christopher , Peters Susan E. , Benson Richard , Couzens Greg , Gilpin Bradley , Curran Matthew W.T.
Published: June 2022

Background Surgical options for osteoarthritis (OA) of the first carpometacarpal include excision, replacement arthroplasty, and arthrodesis. However, in pan trapezial OA, optimal management of residual scaphotrapezoidal articulation has remained unclear.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether removing the proximal trapezoid from the scaphotrapezoid joint (STJ) and interposing tendon when performing a ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) for pan trapezial arthritis resulted in any clinical or radiographic compromise compared with LRTI alone in isolated carpometacarpal joint arthritis.

Methods In a prospective consecutive cohort, 122 thumbs were selected to generate two matched cohorts and a cross-sectional review was completed at an average of 24 months (range: 5–203 months). Fifty-six thumbs had LRTI alone and 66 thumbs also had resection of the proximal portion of the trapezoid with tendon interposition in the residual gap.

Results The cohorts showed no significant differences in subjective and objective outcome measures and imaging. Excision of the STJ was not associated with poorer clinical outcomes or the development of a dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity.

Conclusions The management of pan trapezial arthritis with LRTI and proximal trapezoid excision and STJ interposition appears satisfactory on short- to medium-term clinical and radiographic follow-up.

Level of Evidence: This is a Level III, consecutive cross-sectional cohort study.
Universal anharmonic potential energy surfaces for XY2-type molecules
Authors: Sadowsky Daniel
Published: June 2022

An approach to generate anharmonic potential energy surfaces for both linear and bent XY2-type molecules from their equilibrium geometries, Hessians, and total atomization energies alone is presented. Two key features of the potential energy surfaces are that (a) they reproduce the harmonic behavior around the equilibrium geometries exactly and (b) they have the correct limiting behavior with respect to total bond dissociation. The potentials are constructed from two diatomic potentials, for which both the Morse or Varshni potentials are tested, and a triatomic potential, for which modified forms of the Anderson-n potential are tested. Potential energy surfaces for several linear and bent molecules are constructed from ab initio data, and the third-order derivatives of these surfaces at their equilibrium geometries are compared to the results of finite difference computations. For bent molecules, the vibrational spectra predicted by vibrational configuration interaction calculations on these surfaces are compared to experiment. A modified version of the Anderson-n potential, in combination with the Varshni potential, is demonstrated to predict vibrational frequencies associated with bond angle bending an average of 20 cm−1 below the harmonic oscillator approximation and with a fourfold reduction in the root-mean-square deviation from experiment compared to the harmonic oscillator approximation.
Temporal and spatial variation of morpho-physiological characteristics of spring maize under mulched drip irrigation in northeastern China
Authors: Wang Chuanjuan , Wang Jiandong , Zhang Yanqun , Xu Di
Published: June 2022

Context Leaves at different heights in a canopy have differential roles on photosynthetic characteristics and yield but have not been compared systematically under plastic film mulching with drip irrigation. Aims To determine the temporal and spatial variation of morpho-physiological characteristics in relation to the benefit of mulched drip irrigation in spring maize growth. Methods Field experiments were conducted in northeastern China during 2017 and 2018 that included mulched drip irrigation (MD), non-mulched drip irrigation (ND), and traditional non-mulched rain-fed (CK) treatments. Key results MD significantly increased lower leaf area by 13.1–62.3%, upper leaf N content (Nmass) by 6.3–13.0%, and upper leaf photosynthetic capacity (Amax) and maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) by 13.4–42.3% and by 4.7–11.6%, respectively. There were close correlations between leaf physiological parameters (Nmass, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), Amax, and Vcmax), and also between morphological parameters (leaf area (LA) with leaf mass per area (LMA), and LMA with leaf dry matter content (LDMC). As for time scale, leaf morphological parameters (LA, LMA, and LDMC) in the reproductive stage (R-stage) were higher than those in the vegetative stage (V-stage), while physiological parameters (Nmass, Amax, and Vcmax) were higher in the V-stage. This study indicated that MD treatment increased the photosynthetic area of lower leaves and the photosynthetic capacity of upper and middle leaves compared with non-mulched rainfed CK. In addition, an increase of net radiation absorbed by the canopy in MD was likely to correspond to a higher net photosynthetic rate, which was beneficial to yield accumulation in the treatment. Conclusions This study provided relevant information for the simulation of water and carbon flux under mulched drip irrigation. Implications The research explained that the morpho-physiological characteristics of leaves at different canopy heights played different role on affecting maize yields under plastic film mulched drip irrigation.
Chitin deacetylases are necessary for insect femur muscle attachment and mobility
Authors: Mun Seulgi , Noh Mi Young , Geisbrecht Erika R. , Kramer Karl J. , Muthukrishnan Subbaratnam , Arakane Yasuyuki
Published: June 2022

Muscle attachment sites (MASs, apodemes) in insects and other arthropods involve specialized epithelial cells, called tendon cells or tenocytes, that adhere to apical extracellular matrices containing chitin. Here, we have uncovered a function for chitin deacetylases (CDAs) in arthropod locomotion and muscle attachment using a double-stranded RNA-mediated gene-silencing approach targeted toward specific CDA isoforms in the red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum(Tc). Depletion of TcCDA1 or the alternatively spliced TcCDA2 isoform, TcCDA2a, resulted in internal tendon cuticle breakage at the femur–tibia joint, muscle detachment from both internal and external tendon cells, and defective locomotion. TcCDA deficiency did not affect early muscle development and myofiber growth toward the cuticular MASs but instead resulted in aborted microtubule development, loss of hemiadherens junctions, and abnormal morphology of tendon cells, all features consistent with a loss of tension within and between cells. Moreover, simultaneous depletion of TcCDA1 or TcCDA2a and the zona pellucida domain protein, TcDumpy, prevented the internal tendon cuticle break, further supporting a role for force-dependent interactions between muscle and tendon cells. We propose that inT. castaneum, the absence ofN-acetylglucosamine deacetylation within chitin leads to a loss of microtubule organization and reduced membrane contacts at MASs in the femur, which adversely affect musculoskeletal connectivity, force transmission, and physical mobility.