bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Efficacy of Business and Rehabilitation Partnerships for Promoting Employment of Persons With Significant Disabilities
Authors: Unger Darlene , Wehman Paul , Green Howard
Published: June 2019

This study describes and examines a business-rehabilitation partnership model designed to promote rapid entry in the workplace, increased earnings, and employment duration for individuals with significant disabilities referred for employment services from community rehabilitation providers. Six geographically dispersed implementation sites enrolled 222 unemployed individuals into the study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental conditions: (a) employment services from the business-rehabilitation partnership model or (b) an active treatment control group. Although partnership group participants reported higher earnings, the differences were not significant. The challenges and benefits with conducting public-private partnership intervention research are discussed.
Lung Transplant: Information and Recommendations for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Williams Lindsey W. , Burker Eileen J. , Kazukauskas Kelly , Neuringer Isabel
Published: June 2019

As increasing numbers of individuals in the United States experience pulmonary decline due to diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis, more are choosing lung transplantation to prolong and improve life. Employment is a critical component of quality of life, and it is closely correlated with perceived disability among post transplant recipients. Therefore, return to work is a key part of the recovery process for many lung transplant recipients. Many need the help of a rehabilitation counselor to reenter the workforce. The purpose of this paper is to provide rehabilitation counselors with an introduction to the basics and nuances of lung transplant and associated comorbid stressors and concerns. Additionally, this paper provides information about the vocational implications of transplant so rehabilitation counselors can maximize their ability to work with lung transplant recipients.
On Enhancing Competent Work with African American Clients: Challenging Persistent Racial Disparity Trends by Examining the Role of the Working Alliance
Authors: Burris Jennifer L.
Published: June 2019

Trends of racial disparities continue to persist across a variety of rehabilitation domains (e.g., acceptance rates, types of services offered, rehabilitation outcomes). African Americans consistently have poorer rehabilitation outcomes when compared to their White counterparts. Scholars have identified issues of racial bias in clinical judgment within cross-racial client-counselor relationships as a likely central factor contributing to this trend. The strength of the working alliance between counselor and client has been shown to be predictive of positive client outcomes. Factors within the helping relationship, such as color-blind attitudes and racial microaggressions, which have been shown to erode the alliance with African American clients, are discussed, as well as the use of broaching strategies to directly address the issue of race with clients as a means of strengthening the working alliance.
Psychosocial Aspects of Parenting a Child with Autism
Authors: Serrata Cynthia A.
Published: June 2019

This literature review examines the psychosocial aspects involved in parenting a child with autism. Parenting a child with autism not only has an impact upon the parents' psychological well-being, but the family and marriage systems as well. Research suggests that depression and stress levels are significantly higher in parents of children with autism than in parents of typically developing children. The literature available also shows that there is a negative correlation between stress and marriage quality for parents of children with autism. Financial stress is also common as treatments for autism are typically expensive. These findings suggest the importance of rehabilitation counselors in assessing the social networks and social supports of parents of children with autism, as well as providing them with professional and educational support.
Independent Living Services for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students: Results of a Nationwide Survey of School Programs
Authors: Luft Pamela
Published: June 2019

This study of secondary school programs targeted all services to deaf and hard-ol-hearing (D/HH) students at schools listed in The American Annals of the Deaf Reference Issue (2006) as having programs serving D/HH students. Analyses compared topics of fered by residential schools, large public school programs (enrollment of 35 or more D/HH students), and small public school programs (enrollment of less than 35 D/HH students) to identify patterns in providing independent living coursework in three areas: (a) personal advocacy, (b) daily living, and (c) community and recreation services. ANOVA comparisons across the three program categories were not significant, indicating a similar level of services. Correlations were strongest for large and small programs, suggesting that the quantity of topics offered in one area of independent living was consistent with topics offered in other areas. Despite generally high levels of offerings, a number of schools indicated independent living coursework is available only to students with cognitive disabilities or if selected as electives. Survey results suggest the availability of many topics to secondary-age deaf and hard-of-hearing students, but also raised issues of depth and quality of offerings.
The Apple iPad™ as an Innovative Employment Support for Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Hill Doris Adams , Belcher Leigh , Brigman Holly E. , Renner Scott , Stephens Brooke
Published: June 2019

Recent studies on the use of iPad™, iPhone™, and iPod™ touch as assistive technology have been largely limited to young students with disabilities. The purpose of this project was to investigate the use of the iPad™ as an innovative employment support tool to increase the independence and success of young adults enrolled in a program that provides employment support through comprehensive services of life-coaching, job coaching, and therapy as these individuals transition into their adult roles. Case studies of three young adults with developmental disabilities that include autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and Tourette's syndrome are provided. The case studies exemplify the development, implementation, and use of the iPad™ to support not only independence in daily living, but to enhance the interpersonal skills needed to contribute to a positive work experience and successful outcomes.
Predicting Employment Outcomes of Asian Americans With Depressive/Mood Disorder From the RSA National Data File
Authors: Schaller James L. , Yang Nancy K. , Ji Eun , Zuna Nina
Published: June 2019

Relationships among consumer demographic variables, services, and employment outcomes for 2,472 As ian Americans with depressive/mood disorder were examined using the Rehabilitation Services Administration data bases for three years from 2009 through 2011. The 2,472 Asian American individuals were randomly split for cross-validation purposes into Sample 1 and Sample 2, each with 1,236 individuals. A separate logistic regression was run for each sample, and variables that were statistically significant for both samples were receipt of SSI/SSDI, college training, and job placement. The correct classification of each logistic regression was 69.2% and 69.7%, respectively. Average weekly earnings were statistically significant by gender in Sample 1, t (1,234), 3.40, p = .001, and in Sample 2, t (1,234), 3.1, p = .01, with males earning statistically significantly more per week thanfemales. Suggested hypotheses for the above findings and implications for practice with consumers with depressive/mood disorder are provided.
A Pragmatic Approach to Cultural Competency in Vocational Rehabilitation: The Case of Hmong Americans
Authors: Southwick Joshua D. , Durán Lillian K. , Schultz Jared C.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counselors face a complex challenge in achieving the standard of cultural competence among vocational rehabilitation (VR) consumers from all backgrounds. The purpose of this paper is to explicate an achievable approach to culturally competent VR counseling with VR consumers from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) backgrounds. The multifaceted and contextual nature of cultural and linguistic diversity can pose challenges to both the agency and the counselor. The challenge of accurately assessing culturally relevant outcomes has obscured the value of culturally competent counseling practices. The authors propose a pragmatic approach to cultural competency based on a combination of existing cultural competency models-the Cultural Equivalence Model and Bernal's approach to the Cultural Variance Model. A detailed working example of how to use this approach with a low incidence CLD group, Hmong Americans, is provided.
Investigating Educators' Views of Sexuality, HIV and AIDS Education in Working with Students with Disabilities in South African Schools
Authors: Louw Julia S. , Kosciulek John , Chen Roy K.
Published: June 2019

The misconception that persons with disabilities are asexual and sexually inactive often relegates teaching sexuality education in special needs schools to a priority of low importance. The access, or lack thereof, to such information causes students lvith disabilities to be at an increased risk of HIV infection; therefore, providing them with sexuality education is imperative. The purpose of the present study was to examine the teachers' and childcare providers' views of teaching sexuality, HIV, and AIDS programs in special needs schools. A survey questionnaire was employed to collect the data. The results showed that among the four major study constructs, teaching practices had the highest mean scores (M = 4.2). A correlation matrix among the 10 study variables indicates the strongest positive associations for teaching practices with cure for HIV (r = .37, P < .01) and the seriousness of the AIDS problem (r = .35, P < .05) with programs related to HIV and AIDS. The study confirmed the teachers' high levels of knowledge regarding HIV and AIDS and that they were taking the teaching of sexuality education to students with disabilities seriously. The teachers, however, questioned who should be held responsible for teaching this sexuality education, which may have an impact on their attitudes and beliefs as well as their teaching practices of the topic.
Colorecta I Cancer and Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Hewes Robert , Graney Bernard J.
Published: June 2019

In 2011, the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimated that 141,210 people were diagnosed with colorectal cancer, affecting approximately 1.1 million people. One of those individuals was the lead author of this article, who was diagnosed with colon cancer in December, 2011. As such, this article offers a unique perspective on cancer recovery and rehabilitation from a Certified Rehabilitation Counselor who experienced a transverse colostomy and colectomy. Rehabilitation counselors playa critical role in recovery and return to work following cancer surgery and treatment. Implications for rehabilitation counselors will be examined including surgery and treatment options, psychosocial effects, functional concerns and colostomies, and return to work.
The Human Animal Bond: Applications for Rehabilitation Professionals
Authors: Silcox Denise , Castillo Yuleinys A. , Reed Bruce J.
Published: June 2019

The human-animal bond is a poweiful tool that may be overlooked by rehabilitation professionals in providing services to their clients. While the primary focus of rehabilitation counselors is meeting the vocational goals of the client, secondary factors related to the disability often hinder the ability of consumers to meet those goals. Research has demonstrated that animals can have positive influences on the medical, social, behavioral and psychological well-being of individuals including those with disabilities. Animals can be used as a therapeutic modality or as an adaptive intervention to help facilitate positive rehabilitation outcomes. The use of animals may be a cost effective intervention that can lessen the impact of a disability.
Vulnerability and Marginalization of Adult Ex-Offenders with Disabilities in Community and Employment Reintegration
Authors: Harley Debra A. , Cabe Becky , Woolums Ralph , Tumer-Whittaker Tyra
Published: June 2019

Transition of ex-offenders back into the community and into employment requires rehabilitation counselors and employment specialists to work with employers in multiple roles to increase access to and attainment of employment for ex-offenders. The purpose of this article is to discuss ex-offenders with disabilities as a vulnerable and marginalized population who encounter major community and employment barriers to reintegration. In addition, information is presented on ex-offenders' self-perception and expectations, and strategies on how to work effectively with employers and community-based entities to affect positive employment outcomes for ex-offender populations.
Ex-Offenders in Rural Settings Seeking Employment
Authors: Ethridge Glacia , Dunlap Paige N. , Boston Quintin , Staten Bridget H.
Published: June 2019

Rural communities represent unique challenges for the reentering ex-ojfenders. In addition to having access to fewer resources, employment, and limited tax base, rural communities have a unique culture, values, and beliefs that may further increase barriers to employment for ex-offenders. The purpose of this article is to examine characteristics of rural communities that serve as barriers to employment for ex-offenders, to contrast rural and urban issues, and to examine employers' hiring practices in rural communities. Implicationsfor rehabilitation counselors are provided.
Trauma and Returning to Work: Women’s Lived Experiences and its Implications for Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Ballou Mary , Balogun Oyenike , Gittens Galina , Matsumoto Atsushi , Sanchez William
Published: June 2019

This study examined the experiences of fifteen women trauma survivors who were returning to work. All participants had histories of interpersonal violence and were receiving mental health counseling for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and vocational services from a state vocational rehabilitation program. Using a feminist qualitative research method, the participants were interviewed and the data analyzed for common and emergent themes. The findings highlight their experiences with vocational counseling and counselors, and underscore significant factors that affected their return to work including health concerns, mental health treatment, family and community support, and accessing resources. Implications for vocational rehabilitation counselors include increased awareness of the challenges that influence mental health, career decision making, job readiness, and a need for examining institutional barriers.
The Potential Impact of the Legalization and Decriminalization of Marijuana on the Vocational Rehabilitation Process. Why the Buzz?
Authors: Lusk Stephanie L. , Paul Teresia M. , Wilson Raylon
Published: June 2019

The medicinal use of marijuana has been legalized in 23 states and the District of Columbia to date. Of these states, Colorado, Washington, Oregon, and most recently Alaska have legalized the recreational use of marijuana for individuals 21 and older as well. There are also 18 states that have decriminalized its use while all other states have some form of prohibition laws. Because individuals with disabilities are at an increased risk for developing substance use disorders or have ailments (e.g., multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain) that can possibly be treated using marijuana, this could potentially create an unwelcomed challenge through which counselors and consumers alike must navigate. As a result, it is important that counselors, service providers, and policy makers be proactive in thinking about and preparing for any and all consequences particularly as it relates to the vocational rehabilitation process. Engaging in dialogue and addressing the issues surrounding the use of marijuana beforehand allows for the development of an action plan that has been thoroughly considered and can then be administered in an efficient and streamlined fashion. This paper hopes to serve as the impetus for such dialogue while also providing information on marijuana’s pharmacological properties, the positive and negative benefits of its use, legal considerations, and training and educational implications for counselors.
Preferred Qualities of Community Rehabilitation Providers in State Vocational Rehabilitation
Authors: Kaseroff Ashley A. , Fleming Allison R. , Huck Garrett E. , Phillips Brian N.
Published: June 2019

Objective:

State vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies rely heavily on community rehabilitation providers (CRPs) for placement services. However, little has been published on what CRP qualities are most sought after by state VR staff. The purpose of this article is to explore the abilities and skills that VR staff prefer and seek in the CRPs with whom they contract.

Research Design:

A Modified Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR-M) approach was used to assess specific qualities state VR staff look for when selecting a community rehabilitation provider. Thirty-five counselors, supervisors, and administrators participated in semi-structured interviews to provide their perspectives of these desired attributes.

Results:

The results revealed four overarching domains of desired qualities including: professional skills, interpersonal skills, personality attributes, and knowledge. Categories in each domain further specify state VR staff preferences.

Conclusions:

Results support the need for standardized CRP training and certification to advance provider preparation and the counselor selection process.
Operationalizing Compassion in the VR Process
Authors: Grover James M.
Published: June 2019

Literature in recent years has defined a construct of Compassion (e.g., Goetz, Keltner, & Simon-Thomas, 2010), and acknowledged its application to fields of service for patients and clients (e.g., Halifax, 2011). The utility of its components has also been explored recently in the field of rehabilitation counseling, and Compassion training suggested as helpful to promoting effectiveness in the practice (Stuntzner, 2014). In the present discussion, it is suggested that subprocesses of the compassion construct, (a) “witnessing another’s suffering” that (b) “motivates a subsequent (c) desire to help,” are a natural fit for the evaluate-judge-respond (E-J-R) elements within the case management system of public vocational rehabilitation (VR). A view of collective, organizational compassion is also presented, that may be similarly considered a fit for the larger VR mission and case management system. In this larger context, organizational compassion may be seen as supporting compassion’s subprocesses as they function within VR’s operational elements. As parallels are evident, and benefits presented, implications of compassion’s cultivation are suggested for the individual VR counselor, as well as the VR organization as a whole.
Using DSM-5 and ICF Tools to Understand Client Cultural and Environmental Perspectives
Authors: Ortega Raymond C. , Garner William E.
Published: June 2019

The cultural and environmental perspectives of the individual client are important components of the rehabilitation planning process that are frequently overlooked entirely or, at best, addressed in a stereotypical manner based on the u.s. Government classification system. This paper addresses some of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM -5) and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) tools that facilitate the acquisition and use of this information in the planning process. Following an overview of the DSM-5 and lCF tools, a more detailed description of four of the assessment tools and their potential uses are provided.
Physical and Mental Health Behaviors among Individuals with Severe Mental Illness: A Comprehensive Needs Assessment
Authors: Bezyak Jill L. , Clark Alena , Chiu Chung-Yi , Chan Fong , Testerman Nora
Published: June 2019

Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) are at greater risk for health problems and premature death when compared to the rest of the population. Information on the impact of nutrition education, physical activity, and social support on physical and mental health outcomes of people with SMI is just beginning to emerge. The primary purpose of this study was to implement a comprehensive needs assessment related to social support and health behavior among individuals with SMI in order to clarify their relationship with physical and mental health outcomes. Needs assessment information was collected from 18 participants over the course of a six-week period. Participants reported significant problems with physical health, below average ratings on physical and mental health indicators, varied use and satisfaction with social support, and current areas of need. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of using a comprehensive needs assessment tool to evaluate social support, health behavior and health outcomes of people with SMI.
Assessing Vocational Competency of People with Serious Mental Illness through Self-Report: A Brief Clinical Measure
Authors: Umucu Emre , Iwanaga Kanako , Fitzgerald Sandra , Thompson Kerry , Moser Erin , Sánchez Jennifer , Chan Fong , Brooks Jessica
Published: June 2019

Self-determination theory (SDT) can be used as a framework to assess self-determined work motivation and vocational recovery in people with serious mental illness (SMI). Vocational competency is a key SDT construct associated with self-determined motivation, rehabilitation engagement, and vocational recovery. The purpose of this study was to validate a brief vocational competency measure, the LSI-Vocational Competency Scale (LSI-VCS), which was adapted and abbreviated from the Life Skills Inventory (LSI), for people with SMI. Results confirmed a two-factor measurement structure and the two factors were labeled as job performance self-efficacy and job seeking self-efficacy. Both factors demonstrated acceptable levels of internal consistency reliability and correlated with other SDT vocational constructs in the expected directions. The LSI-VCS is a brief and psychometrically sound self-report measure that can be used to assess vocational competency of people with SMI in psychiatric rehabilitation research and practice.
Social Support and Persons with Psychiatric Disabilities: A Cluster Analysis
Authors: Chronister Julie , Chou Chih-Chin , Fitzgerald Sandra , Liao Hsin-Ya
Published: June 2019

Background: Social support is linked to numerous biopsychosocial and vocational outcomes for persons with and without disabilities and is particularly salient to those living with psychiatric disabilities (PD). Studies show that persons with PD have smaller social networks, lack community participation, and experience loneliness and isolation. At present, the personal and environmental variables contributing to social support for persons with PD needs further investigation. Aims: a) To determine whether persons with PD can be clustered into social support groups based on three types of social support; b) to determine how the clusters differ on eight psychosocial variables; and c) to determine how the clusters differ on seven recovery and jive stigma coping variables. Method: The sample comprised of 101 adults with P D attending psychosocial rehabilitation programs in NYC and Boston area. Correlational, hierarchical cluster analysis and ANOVA were employed. Results: Two cluster groups were found: High- and Low- Social Support. The High-Social Support group was characterized by lower program attendance, living with family and friends, fewer jobs since age 18, more support providers, better quality of life and mental health recovery, and lower levels of loneliness and symptom distress. Discussion: Personal and environmental variables that contribute to high and low levels of social support are important areas to address in practice and research.
Connections: Parent Feedback to Improve Social Skills Training for Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Wadsworth Samantha , Nelson Andrea , Rossi Kevin D. , Hill Doris Adams
Published: June 2019

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have social and communication deficits that impede sustained employability. The authors replicated a successful social skills curriculum and program model, called Connections, and simultaneously ran focus groups with parents. A parent group led by local advocates provided feedback to improve program delivery and curricula. This article highlights focus group results regarding a promising social skills intervention and is designed to inform professionals serving adults with ASD seeking employment.
Ecological Systems and Vocational Rehabilitation Service Provision for Individuals who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Cawthon Stephanie W. , Fink Bentley W. K. , Tarantolo-Leppo Rachel H. , Wendel Erica M. , Schoffstall Sarah J.
Published: June 2019

Vocational Rehabilitation counselors (VRCs) serve a diverse disability consumer population that varies with respect to background, skills, and criteria that qualify them for career placement services. The effectiveness of services the VRCs provide depend on the ecological factors present within two interdependent ecological systems: that of the VRCs and that of the consumer. Utilizing a grounded theory approach, the purpose of this study was to investigate how VR professionals tailor or adapt the way they work with these systems to improve employment outcomes for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) consumers. Analyses of interview data revealed challenges and adaptations at both individual and systemic levels, including need to develop strategies to increase communication access, manage resource scarcity, and facilitate effective collaboration with multiple organizations. Emergent themes from the analyses, including proposed dual systems approach to understanding VR services for DHH individuals, are discussed with implications for practice.
Responding to an Emerging Need in Rehabilitation Counselor Education: Development of a Cognitive Disabilities Certificate Program
Authors: Degeneffe Charles Edmund , Grenawalt Teresa Ann
Published: June 2019

Overview:

The article describes the development of a Cognitive Disabilities Certificate Program (CDC) in a Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Program accredited Rehabilitation Counselor Education (RCE) program. Specific areas addressed includes the CDC’s administrative foundations, curriculum design, student outcomes, sustainability activities, and future directions.

Methods:

The CDC program was established in 2009 with a training grant from the Rehabilitation Services Administration. The CDC requires 18 units of post-baccalaureate coursework and training activities focused on cognitive disabilities.

Results:

From Spring 2009 through Spring 2017 semesters, 42 students attained the CDC certificate. CDC graduates currently work in settings serving persons with cognitive disabilities in the State/Federal Vocational Rehabilitation System, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, post-secondary student support offices, and community-based rehabilitation provider agencies.

Conclusion:

The CDC program provides RCE programs a model approach for establishing specialized training to meet emerging rehabilitation needs among persons with cognitive disabilities.
Lupus: Disease Impact on Functioning and the Need for Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling Services
Authors: Berkowitz Shari Salzhauer , Kenney-Riley Kathleen , Rapoza Kimberly , Lewis Allen N.
Published: June 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus, a chronic autoimmune disease, can impact functional status. Online surveys were collected from 177 individuals with lupus. Results indicated respondents were affected in their ability to: complete activities of daily living (96%), work (85.3%) and go to school (24.9%). Despite these challenges, fewer than 15% had been referred for rehabilitation counseling. Healthcare providers assessed respondents’ functional status at fewer than 50% of visits. Providers must become more aware of the impact of lupus on functioning, and refer individuals for rehabilitation evaluation and services. An interdisciplinary approach is needed to optimize quality of life for individuals with lupus.
Ethics in Telerehabilitation: Looking Ahead
Authors: Holmes Courtney M. , Reid Christine A.
Published: June 2019

Given the fast-paced growth of telerehabilitation, an updated integrated analysis of the ethical codes and ramifications for telerehabilitation practice is warranted. This article sensitizes rehabilitation counselors to ethical issues associated with providing telerehabilitation services and provides suggestions for safeguards and resources for addressing ethical challenges. Recent publications of the American Counseling Association (ACA, 2014), the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (2017), and the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC, 2016a) highlight ethical issues such as privacy, security, informed consent, and social media guidelines. Suggestions for practitioners to address ethical challenges include acquiring compliant software, receiving training, setting clear boundaries with clients through an informed consent procedure, and using an ethical decision-making model.
Rehabilitation Counseling Competencies for Working with Veterans: Delphi Study Findings
Authors: Mamboleo George , Blake John , Taylor Jennifer , Daniels Jeffrey , Thorne Kendra
Published: June 2019

Civilian clinicians are increasingly involved in working with veteran clients, and the demand for services by civilian providers will continue to rise (Luby, 2012). Likewise, recent rehabilitation counseling research underscores the need to address professional competencies for rehabilitation clinicians working with veterans (Frain, Bishop, Tansey, Sanchez, & Wijngaard, 2013). The present study is a focused empirical investigation of clinical competency training for successful rehabilitation work with veterans with disabilities. The authors report quantitative findings from a Delphi study focused on response data provided by a panel of 16 rehabilitation clinicians with expertise in veteran services. Panelists ranked the importance of 18 professional competencies and provided information about their education, training, and professional development. The most frequently identified sources of expertise in veteran issues were on-the-job training (81%) and personal research/reading (43.8%), indicating that clinical training programs may not provide sufficient training in graduate school on professional competencies required for successful rehabilitation work with veterans with disabilities.
Predicting Rehabilitation Outcomes: Some Possible Contraindications
Authors: Cooper Marc
Published: June 2019

While the results of research in the areas of client evaluation, predicting rehabilitation outcomes, and measurement of case difficulty may be of tremendous value to rehabilitation programs, care must be exercised to not draw conclusions or develop methodologies which are not supported by the evidence. Differences in client populations, statistical measurement techniques, agency resources, program goals, and priorities demand selective interpretation for appropriate application of research findings.
Understanding the Traumatic Paraplegic
Authors: Seybold James E.
Published: June 2019

“Understanding the Traumatic Paraplegic,” is a gut-level article. In it, I attempt to highlight the problems a counselor is confronted with in dealing with the spinal cord injury client who ends up a paraplegic or quadriplegic. I try to show what the problems are like from the eyes of a paraplegic, to tell exactly how it is, which will enable the counselor to have true insight into the situation. Some suggestions and ideas are given to assist the counselor in coping with this client, and hopefully help the counselor in establishing a better rapport than he normally would have.
A Simple Model for Identifying Probable Failures in a Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Weikel William J. , Johnson Richard H.
Published: June 2019

Research findings in predicting rehabilitation outcomes in one agency may not be appropriate for another agency because of different client populations or programs. A simple step-by-step procedure has been developed to identify probable failures in any type of rehabilitation program. Intervention strategies may then be employed to prevent these failures.
Mental Retardation: Another View
Authors: Olshansky Simon
Published: June 2019

This article makes three major suggestions: (1) we stop labeling the mentally retarded; (2) we shift our attention from evaluation to development; and (3) we pursue the principle of normalization rather than that of abnormalization.
Reactions on Evaluation
Authors: Bozarth Jerold D.
Published: June 2019

Some reactions to evaluation are presented in terms of: a) differences between “research” and “evaluation,” b) considerations for strengthening evaluation programs by including “basic” research-by clarifying questions—and by developing a “helping” set rather than an “accountability” set. An example of the use of evaluation in a stronger, more helpful way is presented.
Sexual Information in the Rehabilitation Process
Authors: Coleman Norwood J.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation clients frequently have problems of a sexual nature that interfere with the rehabilitation process. This article reviews sexual information of interest to counselors of clients who are spinal cord injured, mentally retarded, or have other disabilities.
Three Theoretical Aging Frames of Reference: Implications for a Rehabilitation Counselors' Model
Authors: Maynard Marianne
Published: June 2019

The rehabilitation counselor has an important role in working with the older individua1. This role has gained in importance as the number of elderly people has increased in our society along with demands for additional services. This paper recommends a re-focusing of interest for those rehabilitation counselors who feel they have little to offer this age group by proposing a model for counseling and involving older people in productive programs. Three aging frames of reference suggest certain postulates which indicate a need for further study in this area. With the 1971 White House Conference on Aging and the post conference in 1973 supporting a strong rehabilitation program for our older citizens, it is the purpose of this paper to stimulate the consideration of up-dating programs and approaches in working with the older person.
Behavioral Self-Control with the Mentally Retarded
Authors: Wehman Paul
Published: June 2019

The issue of behavioral self-control with mentally retarded clients is discussed. A primary objective of the present paper is to elucidate the role of a rehabilitation counselor in the training of self-management skills. The following topics are discussed: a rationale for self-control training, range of settings where self-control is necessary, self-control strategies available to the mentally handicapped, and suggested methods of training self-control. It is concluded that self-control training is vital for mentally retarded individuals to fully reach their potential.
A Ten Year Follow-up of Graduates of a Rehabilitation Counselor Training Program
Authors: Crisler Jack R. , Eaton Marc W.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to conduct a ten year follow.up of graduates of the University of Georgia Rehabilitation Counselor Training Program focusing on initial and current employment status. A survey questionnaire was sent to ali graduates (n=332) and a 83% return was received. The survey indicated that 95% of the graduates were initially employed by state DVR agencies or closely related agencies. There was some attrition of graduates from the state DVR agencies for two primary reasons: (a) better salaries and (b) greater advancement opportunities. A substantial difference iIi mean salaries exists between those graduates who remained with state DVR agencies and those who were initially employed by DVR agencies and later became employed by closely related agencies. All graduates had mean salaries greater than the national average. The survey clearly indicates, based on one graduate training program results, that RCTP are preparing professional trained personnel for the rehabilitation profession.
Work Performance: A Comparison of Severely Disabled and Non-disabled Employees
Authors: Goodyear Don L. , (Bud) Stude E. W.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the job performance of severely disabled ann non-disabled employees as measured by personal characteristics, supervisory ratings, and employee job satisfaction. Subjects include twenty-one disabled and twenty-two non-disabled persons employed at an Internal Revenue Service Center. Results indicated no significant difference in personal characteristics and job performance for the disabled and non-disabled; however, in relation to job satisfaction, the disabled showed a significantly higher extrinsic and overall job satisfaction rating than the non-disabled. The implications are that when disabled employees are given the opportunity and needed job related support, they are able to function in the work environment as adequately as non-disabled employees.
Private Employment Agency Responses to the Physically Handicapped Applicant in a Wheelchair
Authors: Johnson Rosemary , Heal Laird W.
Published: June 2019

An investigation was conducted in January, 1975, to explore the attitudes and practices of counselors in private employment agencies in Dallas, Texas, toward the physically handicapped person in a wheelchair applying for the position of receptionist-typist. The finding of significant discrimination suggests that continuing attention should be given by the rehabilitation field toward removing architectural barriers, modifying attitudinal resistance on the part of employers, attacking the myth of increased costs, and exploring more ways of locating those companies willing to hire the handicapped.
A Comparison of Rehabilitation Counselor Effectiveness to Caseload Production—Supervisory and Peer Evaluations
Authors: Crisler Jack R. , Barney Oscar R.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to answer two basic questions: (1) Is there a significant difference in rankings of counselors' effectiveness as perceived by peer rehabilitation counselors and supervisors; (2) Is there a significant relationship between production or “numbers” and ranked counselors' effectiveness as seen by peer counselors and supervisors. Results of the study indicated a significant agreement between supervisors and peer counselors on who the most effective counselors are. A significant relationship also exists between counselors' effectiveness rankings and caseload production (plans and closures) for both peer counselors and supervisory rankings of effectiveness.
Improving Rehabilitation Services in Arkansas with RIDAC
Authors: Bolton Brian
Published: June 2019

The Arkansas RIDAC Project was initiated for the primary purpose of accelerating the diagnostic process for severely. disabled clients. The content and procedures of the medical, psychological, and vocational evaluation components are described in this article. Three briefcase vignettes are used to illustrate the typical evaluation sequence. Preliminary data for more than 400 clients indicates that RIDAC is achieving its objectives: the average number of days between referral and acceptance or 08 closure was 30 days, with only two days spent in the evaluation process. Furthermore, counselors' opinions about RIDAC services were highly favorable.
Job Placement: An Unseemly Occupation?
Authors: Galvin Donald E.
Published: June 2019

The author addresses what he sees as the paradoxical or inconsistent posture of rehabilitation educators and administrators who pay lip service to the central role of job placement in the rehabilitation process but fail to provide sufficient training or effective administrative support systems to ensure that clients receive high quality placement assistance. The author suggests that some may see job placement as “academically tainted and professionally unseemly,” The author plays “devil's advocate” by suggesting that those who hold such views would need to support their position by accepting one of four proposition: 1) Work is not important. 2) Clients of rehabilitation agencies do not need special job placement assistance. 3) Agencies have been successful in job placement and should redirect their allention elsewhere. 4) Counselor education programs and in-service training efforts have equipped practicing rehabilitation counsellors with all requisite skills and knowledge to do effective placement. The author then disputes each proposition drawing from available evidence and concludes by arguing for more concerted and systematic attention to job placement as a professional practice and a vital service to clients.
De-Institutionalization of the Mentally Retarded: Considerations for Preventing Future Shock
Authors: Cleland C. C. , Sluyter G. V. , Rago W. V.
Published: June 2019

De-institutionalization of the mentally retarded is, by definition, a change in their life styles. The rate and magnitude of social, geographical and temporal change regardless of its positive or negative effect can create major stress as indicated by Holmes and Masuda (1973). Based largely on Selye's (1946) General Adaptation Syndrome, Holmes' and Masuda's (1973) Life Changes Scale and Sorokin's (1959) sociological analyses, this article suggests an approach that could reduce stress and improve prediction in the extra-institutional placement process. Rehabilitation workers and others involved in the de-institutionalization of the retarded may find these considerations of interest.
Rehabilitation Counseling: In Critical Condition
Authors: Wilkinson Maunsell W.
Published: June 2019

Although there has been an array of advances in rehabilitation within the past few years, rehabilitation counseling is presently in critical condition. Little objective evidence is available to indicate that intensive one-to-one or group counseling is well accepted in the rehabilitation process. This article maintains that counseling is not emphasized within the State-Federal system, and advocates putting the counselor back in rehabilitation since he is the vehicle by which rehabilitation advances are converted into rehabilitants. It is people who make the difference in other people, and the counselor is the person with whom the client associates. The continued dissipation of time spent counseling may one day see the State-Federal program as little more than a funding service for disabled individuals.
The Perception of the Older Adult: A Study of Trainee Attitudes
Authors: Rasch John D. , Crystal Ralph M. , Thomas Kenneth R.
Published: June 2019

The Aging Semantic Differential was used to study the attitudes of rehabilitation trainees toward older adults. Attitudes toward the elderly, physically disabled, and non-disabled were compared in reference to the attitudinal dimensions of dependency, instrumentality, and personal acceptability. The principal finding was that both the non-disabled and physically disabled were seen as significantly more instrumental (i.e. able to cope) than the elderly. This result was interpreted as reflecting a tendency to judge the older client as less feasible for vocational rehabilitation services.
Life Outlook of Rehabilitation Clients: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Roessler Richard T. , Boone Steven E.
Published: June 2019

Because of its motivational significance, time perspective has been a much studied concept. Using data from the Self-anchoring Life Ladder, time perspective, hopes, and fears of rehabilitation clients were examined and contrasted to similar age groups of the U.S. population and college students. Showing an upward trend for all groups, life ladder ratings of past, now, and future indicated an optimistic life outlook. Although comparable on future ratings, rehabilitation clients rated past and present lower than the other two groups. Hopes for rehabilitation clients included economic security, happy marriage and family life, and congenial work. Fears included loss of economic security, no or uncongenial job, and no or unhappy family life. Health related concerns, although not listed as hopes, were listed as fears. Implications of the life ladder data for rehabilitation services are discussed.
Rehabilitation of Spinal Cord Injured: A Family Approach
Authors: Bray Grady P.
Published: June 2019

The impact of severe injury and disability extends beyond the. injured person to the family, friends and general society. One group of severely disabled, the spinal cord injured, increases at an estimated 10,000 cases per year. These clients have been difficult and expensive to rehabilitate. To meet the needs of hard-pressed rehabilitation programs, new concepts and approaches to rehabilitation must be researched. One response to these needs is the use of the family as an adjunct to the rehabilitation process. A family involvement program for spinal cord injured, developed at Georgia Warm Springs Rehabilitation Complex, Warm Springs, focuses on both process and outcome variables in four major areas: medical, social, psychological and vocational.

A four stage adaptation process was identified during work with spinal cord related patients. The initial stage, Anxiety, usually occurs within the first nine months post injury; the second stage, Accommodation, occurs between the tenth and twenty-fourth months; and the third stage, Assimilation, occurs after the second year and continues for a lifetime. A fourth stage, Reflux, can occur at any time and is a regression to an earlier stage.

Allowing sufficient time for the adaptation process is essential if vocational rehabilitation is to become more effective with the spinal cord injured. An analysis of time post injury and successful completion of vocational evaluation and/or training (E/T) programs indicates patients injured longer than one year at entry into the programs have a greater probability of completing E/T than do patients injured less than one year at the time of admission to the programs.

This research was sponsored in part by Grant #12-P-57897 from the Rehabilitation Services Administration, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, D.C.
The Alcoholic Client and the Rehabilitation Counselor
Authors: Marson Stephen M.
Published: June 2019

This paper reviews some of the issues that face alcoholies: cerebral dysfunction, family, drugs, the environment, abstinence, and employment. The literature is filled with information on problems and treatment of alcoholic individuals, however, most of this literature does not address itself to rehabilitation personnel. The intent of this paper is to present data to rehabilitation workers in a meaningful way. Counseling combined with skillful knowledge of alcoholism and community resources should enhance the alcoholic's lifestyle and increase independence and gainful employment.
Stigma, Discrimination, and Invisibility: Factors Affecting Successful Integration of Individuals Diagnosed with Schizophrenia
Authors: McReynolds Connie J. , Ward Dennis M. , Singer Oudi
Published: June 2019

Stigma, bias, and discrimination remain prevalent responses toward individuals with schizophrenia. In addition, many individuals with psychiatric disabilities report a sense of feeling invisible, of not feeling important, or not being taken seriously by rehabilitation professionals. Such situations undermine the individual's self-esteem, contribute to feelings of invisibility, and diminish self-efficacy. Self-esteem and self-efficacy are both necessary components in successfully recovering from the devastating effects of schizophrenia. Rehabilitation, vocational training, and assistance in work settings are essential to help people with schizophrenia become and remain integral members of society.