bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Germplasms for Resistant Sources against Turcicum Leaf Blight Disease in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Bhaskar A. Vijaya , Usharani G.  , Sravani D.
Published: September 2023

The present studies were aimed to evaluate 490  maize entries for resistance against turcicum leaf blight (TLB) disease in randomized block design using a check at Agricultural Research Station, Karimnagar, Telangana State, India during rabi (November,2021 to Febrauary,2022) and kharif (July,2022 to October,2022). Out of 213 lines during rabi 2021−2022,16 promising entries viz.,KML-21,KML-24,KML-33,KMH-388,KMH-275,KMH-373,KMH-478,KMH-370,KMH-257,KMH-393,KMH-340,KMH-131,KMH-41,KMH-36, SAMRAT  and KMH- 64 were identified as resistant ,157 lines were recorded as moderately resistant,38 lines were recorded as moderately susceptible and CM-202 entry was recorded 80.42 per cent disease index (PDI).Out of 277 lines during kharif 2022,3 lines viz.,KMH-804,KMH-751 and KML-86  were identified as resistant lines to turcicum leaf blight disease,132 lines were moderately resistant,one line CM-202 was noticed with high 81.42 per cent disease index and severely affected by turcicum leaf blight and rated as susceptible during kharif, 2022.
Study of the Hydrochemical Characterization of Drinking Water from the Aquifer of the Town of Guitté at Hadjer Lamis
Authors: Abdallah Mahamat Nour , Moursal Ahmat Brahim , Abdraman Mahamat Adoum , Hamit Abderamane
Published: September 2023

A hydrogeological study was carried out in and around Guitté. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the hydrochemical parameters of the waters of the Guitté aquifer. with a view to the sound and sustainable management of available water resources. A field mission to measure and sample borehole water was carried out from March 26 to 28. 2023 in and around Guitté. Physicochemical analyses were carried out on 28 water samples from human-driven pumps). The study showed that the groundwater exploited in this area has an average temperature of 29°C. Overall. the pH values measured in the sampled waters are not very heterogeneous and are around neutral. Electrical conductivity values are highly heterogeneous. Two types of chemical facies have been identified in Guitté groundwater: sodium or potassium bicarbonate facies. and calcium and magnesium bicarbonate facies. The overall quality of the groundwater obtained for consumption is 60.71% rated as good. 39.28% as poor. The origin of the mineralization could be linked. on the one hand. to water/rock contact. due to the dissolution of natron. limestone. gypsum and thenardite and on the other hand. to the phenomenon of intense evaporation.
Importance of Red Rice (Deep Water Rice) Production and Its Potential of Export from Dhemaji District of Assam
Authors: Maibangsa Mercydi , Choudhury Dhiren , Maibangsa Subal , Sharma Kishore Kumar
Published: September 2023

Red kernelled rice is gaining importance in recent years due to its higher nutritive content as well as health advantages. It is rich in fibre, iron, Vitamin B1 & B2, zinc and calcium. Because of its importance and a good potential for export the present study was undertaken in Dhemaji district of Assam with the objective to find out the economics of production and scope of marketing of red kernelled rice. From the investigation it was found that red kernelled rice is cultivated in deep water areas of the district and 40% of the total rice area is under red kernelled rice. The production very low with an average production of 21q/ha. The benefit cost ratio was found to be 1.29 and only two marketing channels existed in the district. A company viz. Nature Bio Foods Ltd. (NBFL) was the main company which procured all the production of red kernelled rice from the producers in Dhemaji district which has its Office at Gogamukh. About 10000tons of red rice is being exported outside the district every year to other states and even other countries like USA, UK and European countries. The price spread was found to be high though there are few intermediaries in the marketing channel. From the investigation it can be concluded that there is much scope of increasing the area, production and productivity of red kernelled rice in the district provided processing centers are set up in the district so that the farmers can get a better price for their produce.
Dynamic Studies of Nodulation and Morphological Characterization of Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeate L.) Accessions
Authors: Hemavathy A. Thanga , Chitra S. , Anatharaju P. , Sakila M. , Dhanushkodi V. , Kavitha S. , Geetha V. Vijaya , Jeyaprakash P. , Vanniarajan C.
Published: September 2023

Sesbania aculeate is a quick growing, succulent, easily decomposable and produces maximum amount of organic matter and nitrogen in the soil. Sesbania green manure after decomposition, increases humus, available nitrogen and lower down the C:N ratio of soil, aeration, permeability, enhance the boron and iron content in soil and also protect the soil from leaching of nutrients. Besides this significance, current study was carried out during rabi 2022 at ADAC&RI, Trichy to characterize the explored Daincha germplasms for their morpho biometric triats, green biomass yield and nodulation. Daincha germplasm Sivagangai local recorded more green biomass yield (19.8t / ha) and superior contributing biometrical traits. The number of Rhizobium colonies was higher in Sivagangai local as compared to Villupuram local, Vellore local & Pant variety. This could further be utilized for their symbiotic effectiveness determination under field condition and can be effectively utilized in hybridization programs for improving more green biomass yield.
Host Preference, Salt Balance and Molecular Characteristics of African Mistletoes in Selected Areas of Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Tenufa, M. H.  , Maishanu, H. M.  , Anka, S. A.  , Muhammad, A. S.  , Gumi, A. M.
Published: September 2023

Mistletoes are hemi parasitic plants that are widely distributed and parasitize host trees globally. The aim of this study was to identify African mistletoes using DNA markers, determine their host preferences and salt balance in selected communities of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. A total of 8communities were surveyed and the number of mistletoes on the host trees were counted and recorded. In addition, host characteristics such as canopy spread, tree height, water holding capacity and mistletoe-host nutrients (N+, K+,  Ca2+ and P+ concentrations) equilibrium was determined. Molecular identification of collected mistletoe samples was done using DNA Barcoding with Rbcl targeted specific primers and sequence analysis using DNA Subway database. The results revealed that Acacia nilotica tree was highly infested by the mistletoe. Host canopy spread, basal area and height had no influence over mistletoe infestation. The concentration of N+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and P+ were found to be higher in the mistletoes compared to the host trees. Molecular identification of the collected mistletoes revealed close relationship with Moquiniella rubra, belonging to the family Loranthaceae. It can be concluded from the result that the mistletoes in the study areas are Moquiniella rubra and depend solely on the host trees for their nutrients requirement and survival.
The Effect of Aging by Acidic Solutions, that Simulate the Oral Conditions of Patients with Nervous Bulimia, on the Bond Strength of Repairs Influenced Using Different Bulk Fill and Nanoparticulate Composites
Authors: Donini Emerson Delazari , Rosa Saulo Vinícius da , Ricardi Felipe de Brum , Detogni Anna Caroliny , Silva Marina Pereira , Busato Mauro Carlos Agner , Ueda Julio Katuhide , Camilotti Veridiana , Mendonça Marcio José
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength of aged and post-repair composites in different solutions, namely distilled water [DW]; 75% water/alcohol [WA]; and 0.02 N nitric acid [NA], which simulates the acidic conditions in the oral cavity of patients with bulimia nervosa.

Methods: We used five composites: one nanoparticulate (Z350) and four bulk fills—Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (FBFF), Surefil SDR Flow (SURE), and Opus Bulk Fill Flow (OPUS). Samples were prepared from each material and aged for 30 days. The composites underwent a surface treatment followed by repair. The repaired samples were aged for another 30 days in the same solutions used previously and subjected to the tensile test with the universal test machine. The mean values obtained for each composite were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk and ANOVA tests, followed by the Tukey post-test (p < 0.05).

Results: In most comparisons made among the composites, the nanoparticulate composite showed the worst bond strength values when used for repair, while the bulk fill composites showed the best results when used for repair. The highest bond strength values (MPa) were obtained with the combination of SURE/FBF-NA (8.41 ± 0.91), while the lowest values were obtained with the combination of SURE/FBFF-WA (1.57 ± 0.21). 

Conclusions: Combinations of different post-repair composites were better than those of the composites alone for most of the studied groups. The DW and NA solutions did not influence adhesive strength. The WA solution reduced adhesive resistance in most studied combinations. The bulk fill composites showed higher adhesive resistance to the nanoparticulate composite for the repair of aging restorations. Aging in acidic solution affected the adhesive strength of repaired composites less than did aging in water/alcohol.
Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Production, Socio-economic and Institutional Factors Affecting Technical Efficiency of Cowpea Production in Chuka Sub-county, Kenya
Authors: Ntinyari Kinoti Glory , Kingori Gathungu Geofrey , Kirimi Kiramana James
Published: September 2023

Cowpea is one of the most important vegetable that ranks third among pulses and top five leafy vegetables consumed in Sub Saharan Africa. In Kenya cowpea contributes to cheap supply of nutritious food, revenue and food security. Despite its importance, cowpea production levels are a fraction of the potential due to low technical efficiency of production which affects the revenue levels and food security of the smallholder farmers. This study aimed to determine the production, socio-economic and institutional factors affecting the level of technical efficiency among smallholder cowpea farmers in Chuka Sub County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Using semi structured questionnaire in a population of 12905 households and using multistage sampling technique from 389 households cross-sectional data on production factors, socioeconomic and institutional characteristics was collected. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production function. The results indicated that production factors, socioeconomic and institutional characteristics significantly affected cowpea production. The mean technical efficiency index was 0.34. The stochastic frontier analysis revealed that production factor coefficients of labour (0.825), topdressing fertilizer (0.635), manure (0.325), agrochemicals (0.221) and land size (0.628) were all positive and statistically significant at 5% level. The inefficiency model revealed that the coefficients of socio-economic factors age (0.038), education (-0.156) and farming experience (-0.053), and the institutional factors, information sources/extension contact (-0.669) and access to digital financial services (1.527) were negative but statistically significant, except for age and access to digital service that were positive and significant. These variables were the determinants of technical efficiency in cowpea production. The results suggest that there is potential for cowpea farmers to increase production and net profits in the long run by efficient utilization of the existing mix of production inputs and technologies. Formulation of policies revolving around the significant variables, input supply, technology transfer and subsidies; extension services, information exchanges and market linkages are recommended to palliate technical inefficiency in cowpea production among farmers.
Identify Obstacles in Implementing Total Quality Management Framework in the Ghanaian Construction Sector using Exploring Factors Analysis Technique
Authors: Ansah Samuel Kwame , Tekpe Emmanuel
Published: September 2023

The concept of total quality management improves an organization’s performance, but there are several obstacles to its practical application. This study therefore identifies the obstacles to implementing the Total Quality Management (TQM) framework in the Ghanaian construction sector. A survey questionnaire was employed for the study, and the results were based on responses from 536 of 641 questionnaires sent out to the top management in the Ghanaian construction sector. The sample frame for the study was determined from the population made up of one thousand two hundred and eighty-two (1282) small to large-sized (D4K4 to D1K1) good-standing construction firms registered with the Association of Building and Civil Engineering Contractors of Ghana (ABCECG). The data was analysed using the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) technique. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of the study instrument. While the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's tests of sphericity were employed to assess sampling adequacy and significance. The study identified sixteen obstacles in implementing TQM framework in the Ghanaian construction sector. The five most significant potential obstacles among the sixteen identified obstacles in the ranking were: lack of understanding of TQM; lack of enforcement by the agencies responsible for regulating the application of TQM; inadequate TQM systems; lack of enthusiasm for TQM implementation; and lack of a TQM policy. All sixteen items (obstacles) identified were found to have a high impact on TQM implementation in the Ghanaian construction sector. Hence, understanding these identified obstacles to TQM implementation will enable construction managers to develop more effective strategies for improving TQM implementation in the Ghanaian construction sector. The study contributes to existing literature by using exploratory factor analysis techniques to identify obstacles to total quality management implementation in the Ghanaian construction sector.
Modelling of Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) - Based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Controller for a Solar Photovoltaic System
Authors: Areola R. I. , Aluko O. A. , Dare-Adeniran O. I.
Published: September 2023

Aim: The aim of this research is to model and simulate Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) - based MPPT Controller and also compare its performance with the Perturb and Observe MPPT controller for Photovoltaic systems.

Study of the Design: The PV system consists of a PV module, a PWM inverter, an MPPT controller and a DC-DC converter, all of which are connected using Matlab-Simulink environment.

Methodology: The ANFIS reference model is constructed based on two input parameters: solar irradiance and temperature. Its output parameter is the reference maximum power output. The temperature and irradiance data employed for the particular site examined in this study have been acquired from an online global database. The P&O MPPT method was used as a benchmark against the proposed ANFIS-based MPPT technique using Matlab-Simuink Enviroment.

Results: In the absence of the controller, the PV voltage registered at 50V. However, through the ANFIS-based MPPT, the incoming voltage from the PV was able to roughly double. Conversely, in the absence of the controller, the PV current stabilized at 4.5A, but the ANFIS-based MPPT managed to reduce this incoming current from the PV by approximately half.

The generated PV power follows a similar trajectory to the theoretical PV power, reaching a peak of around 420W, which closely aligns with the theoretical peak power of 440W. The power spans the range from nearly 0 to 420W. As a result, the overall efficiency of the ANFIS-based MPPT charge controller is estimated to be around 60%.

Conclusion: The evaluation of the ANFIS-based MPPT and Perturb and Observe-based MPPT Controllers reveals that the Perturb and Observe-based controller demonstrated superior efficiency. Based on this investigation, it can be inferred that both MPPT controllers effectively address uncertain weather scenarios and can readily accommodate challenges such as partial shading and other irregularities commonly associated with varying weather conditions.
Relationship between Techno Stress and Academic Performance of University Students
Authors: Mahapatra Harapriya , Bankira Sadhujan , Sahoo Nutan Kumar , Bhuyan Sanjukta
Published: September 2023

A modern adaption disorder called techno stress is described as being caused by inability to use modern computer technologies. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between techno stress and academic achievement of university students of Gangadhar Meher University, Sambalpur. Descriptive correlation method was adopted for this study. The sample consists of 273 post-graduation students selected through stratified purposive sampling. The data was collected through techno stress scale developed by Upadhya & Vrinda (2021). The obtained data were analyzed through mean, standard deviation, t-test, & correlation. The results revealed that there is a negative relationship between techno stress & academic achievement of university students. It is also found that there is no significant difference between techno stress between boys & girls.
Effect of Particle Size of Rice-Husk Derived Silica on the Pyrolysis of Pomelo Peels
Authors: Bo-ongcharoenlab Karakate , Tongdang Iyarin , Kiatkittipong Worapon , Jaturapiree Adisak , Sukrat Kanjarat , Saowapark Thanunya , Chaichana Ekrachan
Published: September 2023

Silica with two different sizes i.e. microsilica (MS) and nanosilica (NS) was used as a catalytic support for vanadium (5-15 wt%) in the pyrolysis of pomelo peels. Besides use of pomelo peels (agricultural residues) as a feedstock for the pyrolysis, to contribute to environmental sustainability, rice husk was used as a silica source for obtaining the silica support. From the result, it was found that non-catalytic pyrolysis of pomelo peels gave a bio-oil yield of 33.3 wt%. The catalytic pyrolysis with vanadium-modified silica decreased the bio-oil yields ranging between 27.2-33.1 wt%. This was due to the occurrence of the second reactions generated from the active sites on the catalysts, which leads to the conversion of bio-oil into gas products. For NS catalyst, increasing the amount of vanadium loading directly decreased the bio-oil yields and increased the gas yield. The variation of product phase distribution was not clearly observed for MS catalyst even with various vanadium loadings. In addition, NS catalyst exhibited higher efficiency in reducing the acid content in the bio-oil, and increasing the phenol content. The distinguished properties of the nanoparticles may be the main reason for these phenomena. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
COVID‐19 Vaccine Uptake, Hesitancy, and Flare in a Large Rheumatology Practice Network
Authors: Holladay Emily E. , Mudano Amy S. , Xie Fenglong , Stewart Patrick , Jackson Lesley E. , Danila Maria I. , Gavigan Kelly , Nowell William B. , Venkatachalam Shilpa , Curtis Jeffrey R.
Published: September 2023

Objective

The goal of this study was to ascertain COVID‐19 vaccine uptake, reasons for hesitancy, and self‐reported flare in a large rheumatology practice‐based network.

Methods

A tablet‐based survey was deployed by 108 rheumatology practices from December 2021 to December 2022. Patients were asked about COVID‐19 vaccine status and why they might not receive a vaccine or booster. We used descriptive statistics to explore the differences between vaccination status and vaccine and booster hesitancy, comparing patients with and without autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRDs). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between vaccine uptake and AIIRD status and self‐reported flare and AIIRD status. We reported adjusted odds ratios (aORs).

Results

Of the 61,158 patients, 89% reported at least one dose of vaccine; of the vaccinated, 68% reported at least one booster. Vaccinated patients were less likely to have AIIRDs (44% vs 56%). A greater proportion of patients with AIIRDs were vaccine hesitant (14% vs 10%) and booster hesitant (21% vs 16%) compared to patients without AIIRDs. Safety concerns (28%) and side effects (23%) were the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy, whereas a lack of recommendation from the physician was the primary factor for booster hesitancy (23%). Patients with AIIRD did not have increased odds of self‐reported flare or worsening disease compared to patients without with AIIRD (aOR 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–1.05). Among the patients who were vaccine hesitant and booster hesitant, 12% and 39% later reported receiving a respective dose. Patients with AIIRD were 32% less likely to receive a vaccine (aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.65–0.72) versus patients without AIIRD.

Conclusion

Some patients who are vaccine and booster hesitant eventually receive a vaccine dose, and future interventions tailored to patients with AIIRD may be fruitful.

image
Path planning for fast swarm source seeking in unknown environments
Authors: Chen Guodong , Yuan Shuai , Zhu Xiaozhe , Zhou Guoqing , Zhang Zexu
Published: September 2023

This article proposes a novel path planning method for source seeking by UAV swarm using extremum seeking control mechanism and combined artificial potential functions, without the knowledge of position information. In particular, the swarm source seeking problem is reformulated as a minimum seeking of a combined artificial potential function that considers the potentials of obstacles, source, and collision avoidance between UAVs. The explicit form of the combined artificial potential function is unknown and its value can be measured by the sensors mounted on UAVs. The fast extremum seeking mechanism based on the normalized extremum seeking method is exploited to find the gradient of the combined artificial potential function and the target is located without using its position information. Finally, extensive simulations of source seeking for single UAV and swarm are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed path planning method.
Cryo‐TEM Study of High‐Performance Iron Difluoride Cathode Enabled by Low Temperature CVD Carbon Coating
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Zhu Dingding , Su Yong , Wu Feixiang , Ren Xiaolei , Zhang Xuedong , Ou Xiangze , Rao Yaling , Xie Long , Tang Liang , Huang Jianyu , Huang Qiao
Published: September 2023

Metal fluorides (MFs) are regarded as high‐capacity conversion cathode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries with high energy density. However, these cathodes suffer from poor electronic conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics, and deleterious cathode solid electrolyte interface (CEI) formation, which may cause rapid cell degradation upon cycling. Herein, a low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) carbon coating technology is successfully achieved to coat MFs‐FeF2 with a thin amorphous carbon layer, which promotes the formation of a stable CEI with improved electronic and ionic transport property. Consequently, a discharge capacity higher than 450 mAh g−1 of the CVD coated FeF2 is achieved with a capacity retention at about 75% after 2500 cycles in a saturated electrolyte. Moreover, an unprecedented cycling performance with the discharge capacity of 350 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles in a super diluted electrolyte is also achieved. Advanced cryo‐electron microscopy reveals that the carbon coating significantly suppresses the undesirable CEI formation and promotes the formation of a thin CEI with excellent chemo‐mechanical property. This work provides a feasible technology to stabilize the important interface on MFs and offers a new strategy to accelerate the commercial adoption of such cathodes.
Scalable and interfacial gap‐free mixed matrix membranes for efficient anion separation
Authors: Xu Tingting , Wang Yue , Chen Qian , Zhu Yanran , Li Wenmin , Sheng Fangmeng , Ge Liang , Li Xingya , Xu Tongwen
Published: September 2023

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are promising in ion separation due to the simple preparation process. However, traditional metal–organic framework and covalent organic framework fillers lack the solution processibility and show interfacial defects between polymer matrixes and fillers, resulting in unsatisfactory separation performance. Herein, a soluble porous organic cage (POC) (i.e., CC3) is used as the filler to fabricate a large scale (~2000 cm2) and interfacial gap‐free ionic polymer (HPABP)‐CC3 membrane by a facile co‐solvent casting and rapid crystallization method. The resultant HPABP‐CC3(15) membrane shows a high Cl− flux of 2.24 mol m−2 h−1 and a Cl−/SO42− selectivity of 12.67, which is 3.6 and 3.0 times that of the HPABP membrane, respectively. Moreover, the HPABP‐CC3 membranes possess excellent cyclic and long‐term stability during the electrodialysis process. Therefore, we provide a facile strategy to scale up POC MMMs with synergistically enhanced ion flux and selectivity and the possibility for potential industrial ion separations.
Photocatalytic Dearomative Intermolecular Seven‐Membered Ring Construction of Benzofurans
Authors: Harada Shinji , Yamamoto Juntaro , Okabe Akito , Arai Shigeru
Published: September 2023

We report the synthesis of seven‐membered carbocycles through the dearomative intermolecular reaction of benzofurans with vinylcyclopropanes. The significant feature of this method involves activating benzofurans through energy transfer from an activated photocatalyst. Substituent effects were investigated for each substrate, and hydrocyclohepta[b]benzofurans with a tetrasubstituted carbon were obtained as a single diastereomer. This synthetic approach compliments the reported methodologies for synthesizing this type of skeleton and introduces a new feedstock for this skeleton with a different substitution pattern. Computational studies of the reaction mechanism suggested that the reaction proceeds stepwise through addition, small ring opening, and re‐cyclization. This novel synthetic approach opens up new possibilities for efficiently constructing seven‐membered carbocycles. Moreover, it provides a valuable platform for discovering unique molecules with diverse substitution patterns.
Porous Cyclodextrin Polymer Enables Dendrite‐Free and Ultra‐Long Life Solid‐State Zn‐I2 Batteries
Authors: Su Yang , Wang Xinlu , Zhang Minghang , Guo Huimin , Sun Haizhu , Huang Gang , Liu Dongtao , Zhu Guangshan
Published: September 2023

Zn‐I2 batteries have attracted attention due to their low cost, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, their performance is still limited by the irreversible growth of Zn dendrites, hydrogen evolution reactions, corrosion, and shuttle effect of polyiodide. In this work, we have prepared a new porous polymer (CD‐Si) by nucleophilic reaction of β‐cyclodextrin with SiCl4, and CD‐Si is applied to the solid polymer electrolyte (denoted PEO/PVDF/CD‐Si) to solve above‐mentioned problems. Through the anchoring of the CD‐Si, a conductive network with dual transmission channels was successfully constructed. Due to the non‐covalent anchoring effect, the ionic conductivity of the solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) can reach 1.64×10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C. The assembled symmetrical batteries can achieve highly reversible dendrite‐free galvanizing/stripping (stable cycling for 7500 h at 5 mA cm−2 and 1200 h at 20 mA cm−2). The solid‐state Zn‐I2 battery shows an ultra‐long life of over 35,000 cycles at 2 A g−1. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to elucidate the working mechanism of CD‐Si in the polymer matrix. This work provides a novel strategy towards solid electrolytes for Zn‐I2 batteries.
Dual‐Role of Polyelectrolyte‐Tethered Benzimidazolium Cation in Promoting CO2/Pure Water Co‐Electrolysis to Ethylene
Authors: Xue Liwei , Gao Zeyu , Ning Tianshu , Li Wenzheng , Li Jinmeng , Yin Jinlong , Xiao Li , Wang Gongwei , Zhuang Lin
Published: September 2023

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), as a promising route to realize negative carbon emissions, is known to be strongly affected by electrolyte cations (i.e., cation effect). In contrast to the widely‐studied alkali cations in liquid electrolytes, the effect of organic cations grafted on alkaline polyelectrolytes (APE) remains unexplored, although APE has already become an essential component of CO2 electrolyzers. Herein, by studying the organic cation effect on CO2RR, we find that benzimidazolium cation (Beim+) significantly outperforms other commonly‐used nitrogenous cations (R4N+) in promoting C2+ (mainly C2H4) production over copper electrode. Cyclic voltammetry and in situ spectroscopy studies reveal that the Beim+ can synergistically boost the CO2 to *CO conversion and reduce the proton supply at the electrocatalytic interface, thus facilitating the *CO dimerization toward C2+ formation. By utilizing the homemade APE ionomer, we further realize efficient C2H4 production at an industrial‐scale current density of 331 mA cm−2 from CO2/pure water co‐electrolysis, thanks to the dual‐role of Beim+ in synergistic catalysis and ionic conduction. This study provides a new avenue to boost CO2RR through the structural design of polyelectrolytes.
Locking the Conformation of a Paddlewheel Rhodium Complex: Design, Synthesis, and Applications in Catalytic Nitrene Transfers
Authors: Tang Xinxin , Noda Hidetoshi , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: September 2023

The exponential proliferation of conformers makes it impossible to examine the entire population in most systems. Controlling conformational ensembles is thus pivotal in many areas of chemistry. Rh2(esp)2, a dicarboxylate‐derived paddlewheel rhodium complex, is one of the most effective catalysts for nitrene chemistry. Its enormous success has led to preparing many analogous complexes. However, there has been little consideration for the conformational dynamics of the parent catalyst. Herein, we report a new ligand modification principle that prevents conformer interconversion. The resulting complex comprises two isolable conformers, whose structures have been determined by X‐ray diffraction. Combined experimental and computational data has revealed similarities and dissimilarities between the conformationally confined and parent complexes. Three model cases have demonstrated the utility of conformational fixation in the development of stereoselective catalysts for nitrene transfer reactions. The design principle described in this study can be combined with other established modification strategies, serving as a springboard for further advancement of the chemistry of paddlewheel metal complexes.
Functional Polythioamides Derived from Thiocarbonyl Fluoride**
Authors: Xiang Haonan , Wang Jieping , Guo Zihao , Chen Yucong , Jiang Beihan , Ye Sitao , Yi Wenbin
Published: September 2023

Polythioamide is a unique type of sulfur‐containing polymer with advanced functionalities. Nonetheless, the elemental sulfur commonly used in their synthesis tends to react readily with unsaturated functional groups, thereby limiting the scope of eligible substrates. Inspired by the highly efficient sulfur‐fluoride exchange (SuFEx) polymerization through discrete hubs, we present herein a pioneering and versatile approach to the synthesis of polythioamides from diboronic acids, secondary diamines, and thiocarbonyl fluoride as the central connective hub. Well‐defined structures, including previously inaccessible unsaturated substrates, were realized. These newly devised polythioamides can efficiently and selectively bind to metal ions and were applied in precious‐metal recovery. Further development resulted in PdII‐crosslinked single‐chain nanoparticles serving as recyclable homogeneous catalysts, thus demonstrating the vast potential of these unprecedented polythioamides. We anticipate that thiocarbonyl fluoride could emerge as a potent hub for facilitating the intricate synthesis of sulfur‐containing polymers.
Fatty acid concentration and distribution in human milk: Comparison with infant formulas and animal milk
Authors: Yu Jiahui , Zhou Xuezhen , Ding Rui , Li Siyi , Liu Zhengdong , Yan Zhiyuan , Ye Xingwang , Wei Wei , Wang Xingguo
Published: September 2023

The lipid profile including total fatty acid (FA), sn‐2 positional distribution on triacylglycerol, and phospholipid (PL) FA in human milk, infant formulas, and animal milk (cow, goat, camel, donkey, and yak milk) were analyzed. Animal milk contained higher saturated fatty acids (45.08%–66.29%) than human milk (37.44%) and infant formula (33.46%). In the perspective of FA, human milk and the commercial formulas showed a better similarity. Human milk contained significantly (p < 0.05) higher 16:0 at the sn‐2 position (50.88%) than infant formulas (23.09%) and animal milk (28.95%–46.72%). As to PL‐FA, human milk contained significantly (p < 0.05) higher 16:0 and 18:0 but lower 18:1 n‐9 than other milk. The relative contents of arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and nervonic acid (NA) in human milk were higher in PL‐FA than that in total FA. Noteworthy, the contents of AA, DHA, and NA in both total FA and PL‐FA were higher in human milk than other milk. These results indicated that the fortification of 16:0 at the sn‐2 position, and AA, DHA, and NA in both total FA and PL‐FA could improve the quality of infant formulas.
Synthesis of α‐Seleno Boronates via Diboration of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Paul Sufal , Mondal Rahul , Geetharani K.
Published: September 2023

A method has been described for accessing α‐seleno alkyl boronates. The selenoboration was achieved via the diboration of carbonyl compounds to give α‐oxyl boronates, which then undergo 1,2‐metalate rearrangement in the presence of lithium selenolates and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). A variety of structurally diverse substrates were compatible with this protocol and efficiently provides difunctionalized products from simple starting materials. The presence of the boronic ester in the resulting organoselenium compounds serves as a versatile synthetic handle for various functionalizations. Mechanistic studies revealed that the binding of selenium nucleophile to both the boron centers in α‐oxyl boronate esters.
Rurality, socio‐economic disadvantage and educational mobility: A Scottish case study
Authors: Borbely Daniel , Gehrsitz Markus , McIntyre Stuart , Rossi Gennaro , Roy Graeme
Published: September 2023

Rurality is known to be associated with a number of weaker educational outcomes, from lower attainment through to lower social mobility. This is why so much policy and practitioner focus has been directed at addressing the rurality gap in educational outcomes. In this paper, we use pupil‐level data for Scotland to contribute to two dimensions of this problem. First, we explore the relationship between socio‐economic deprivation and educational mobility across urban and rural primary schools in Scotland. This provides new insights on the issue of rural disadvantage. Second, we use our dataset to explore the socio‐economic makeup of urban and rural schools in Scotland, documenting that schools located in the highest and lowest SIMD areas are more homogeneous than those in the middle. This is important for the classification of schools in targeting educational interventions to improve social mobility.
Monitoring and method validation of organophosphorus/organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits by gas chromatography
Authors: Dar Alamgir A. , Jan Ishrat , Shah Mehraj D. , Sofi Javid A. , Hassan G. I. , Dar Shahnawaz R.
Published: September 2023

In this study, an analytical method was developed and validated for the assessment of pesticide residues in commonly consumed vegetables and fruits. Fresh samples of apple, green peas, tomatoes, and cucumbers were processed and subjected to analysis using a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) extraction technique. Subsequently, quantification of pesticide residues was conducted utilizing gas chromatography (GC)‐electron capture detector. Extraction and cleanup parameters were meticulously optimized, resulting in a modification of the original QuEChERS method. This modification aimed to reduce solvent consumption, making the study more environmentally friendly. The developed method was validated in terms of selectivity, specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy by following the SANTE guidelines. Calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.99) within the test range. Precision was evaluated by intra‐ and inter‐day experiments with an acceptable relative standard deviation (<20.0%). Recovery was assessed at the limit of quantification level and was observed to fall within the range of 70%–120%, with relative standard deviations below 5.45%. The validated method presented here can be applied to analyze pesticide residues in various other vegetables, fruits, and cereals. It is essential for ongoing monitoring of pesticide residues to ensure public safety.
Words that work? Exploring client writing in therapy
Authors: Phillips Lynne , Rolfe Alison
Published: September 2023

Aim

There has been relatively little research enabling the direct voices of those who write voluntarily in counselling to be heard. This study explored the lived experience of five participants who voluntarily used self‐reflective writing whilst in counselling and found this helpful.

Method

Five participants took part in a qualitative study based on a short writing task and related semi‐structured interview. Their accounts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, informed by psychodynamic thinking.

Findings

Participants used writing as a means of catharsis and to enable expression and exploration of parts of the self that were not immediately accessible. Writing was also a safe and private place to hold or contain unmanageable material, the true or hidden self and the process of counselling itself. Finally, writing functioned as a bridge, enabling participants to hold onto, internalise and extend their counselling. When shared in counselling, writing could also help the client to communicate, re‐own projections deposited in the writing and work towards self‐acceptance.

Conclusions

Working with client writing may be helpful, enabling the self to be heard, when speaking may initially feel too threatening. This may have relevance for client groups who find face‐to‐face counselling difficult.
The assimilation of problematic experiences during full‐time counsellor training: The case of Mandy
Authors: Folkes‐Skinner Julie A.
Published: September 2023

Background

Although training to be a counsellor is likely to be emotionally demanding the extent to which these demands become problematic emotional experiences and how they influence trainee development has not been investigated.

Aim

To identify changes experienced by one trainee counsellor who was enrolled on a full‐time BACP accredited counsellor training course at a British university.

Method

The assimilation model was used to track Mandy's journey from student to therapist over the course of five, semi‐structured interviews.

Results

Mandy developed problematic emotional experiences during training, and their assimilation was associated with personal and professional growth. They provide some evidence that personal development group work may be more emotionally challenging for trainees than work with clients and reveal the positive impact of compassionate and honest supervision.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that BACP courses are capable of producing reflective practitioners but raise questions about the length of time needed for students to become therapists and the role of personal therapy. This study also demonstrates how the assimilation model can be adapted to investigate change in trainee therapists and paves the way for further research in this area.
‘Hey, teach these kids to eat their own food!’: Institutional intergroup contact in immigrant mothers' talk
Authors: Paajanen Paula , Finell Eerika , Riikonen Reetta , Stevenson Clifford
Published: September 2023

Although informal segregation often persists in multiethnic neighbourhoods, local institutions offering public services may act as an important setting for intergroup contact. Therefore, we studied how immigrant mothers of young children discursively construct institutional intergroup contact with workers of public playgrounds and kindergartens. We conducted longitudinal interviews with 10 immigrant mothers three times over the period of a year in 2 multi‐ethnic neighbourhoods in Helsinki, Finland. Using Critical Discursive Psychology, we analysed respondents' talk about the encounters and identified three interpretative repertoires: ‘contact as asserting rights’, ‘contact as helping’, and ‘contact as cultural rectification’. Our analysis showed how mothers positioned themselves and the workers differently in terms of agency and power in each repertoire. Our findings stress the importance of studying people's own sense‐making of institutional contact, with different roles for participants, and that construction of agency within institutional contact is important for building equal membership in society. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Complex high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention types, trends, and outcomes according to vascular access site
Authors: Shamkhani Warkaa , Moledina Saadiq , Rashid Muhammad , Mamas Mamas A.
Published: September 2023

Background

Radial access is associated with improved outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); however, its role in complex, high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (CHiP) remains poorly studied.

Methods

We studied retrospectively all registered patients's records from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society dataset and compared the baseline characteristics, trends and outcomes of CHiP procedures performed electively between January 2006 and December 2017 according to the access site.

Results

Out of 137,785 CHiP procedures, 61,825 (44.9%) were undertaken via transradial access (TRA). TRA use increased over time (14.6% in 2006 to 67% in 2017). The TRA patients were older, with a greater prevalence of previous stroke, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, and smokers. TRA was used more frequently in most CHiP procedures (elderly (51.6%), chronic renal failure (52.6%), poor left ventricular (LV) function (47.6%), left main PCI (48.0%), treatment for severe vascular calcification (50.3%); although transfemoral access (TFA) was used more commonly in those with prior history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and PCI to a chronic total occlusion and LV support patients. Following adjustment for differences in clinical and procedural characteristics, TFA was independently associated with higher odds for mortality [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.3 (1.1–1.7)], major bleeding [aOR: 2.9 (2.3–3.4)], and MACCE (following propensity score matching) [aOR: 1.2 (1.1–1.4)]. The same was found with multiple accesses: mortality [aOR: 2.1 (1.5–2.8)], major bleeding [aOR: 5.5 (4.3–6.9)], and MACCE [aOR: 1.4 (1.2–1.7)].

Conclusion

TRA has become the predominant access site for CHiP procedures and is associated with significantly lower mortality, major bleeding and MACCE odds than TFA.
Increase of tocopherols, phytosterols, and carotenoids in high‐oil subtropical maize after recurrent selection
Authors: García‐Lara Silverio , Rodríguez‐Treviño Abel , Ortíz‐Islas Sofia , Preciado‐Ortíz Ricardo E. , Serna‐Saldívar Sergio O.
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives

Subtropical high‐oil maize (HOM) genotypes have been successfully developed, but further evaluation of the content of liposoluble nutraceuticals is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration and profile of tocopherols, phytosterols, and carotenoids in HOM and the effects of high‐oil selection in white and yellow subtropical populations.

Findings

Results indicated that recurrent selection increase of germ proportion (9%–12%) in the total kernel had a direct effect on the oil content and increased the contents of carotenoids, tocopherols, and phytosterols. In particular, carotenoids improved only in yellow populations, with an improvement in total carotenoid (from 13 to 17 mg/kg dry weight [dw]), provitamin A, β‐carotenes, and β‐cryptoxanthin. α‐ and γ‐Tocopherols showed an overall increase in the total content (up to 39 mg/kg dw). Total phytosterols increased significantly in both populations, with similar changes in composition (up to 374 mg/kg dw). β‐Sitosterol was the predominant phytosterol associated with HOM.

Conclusions

Recurrent selection for high oil in subtropical maize effectively altered the liposoluble nutraceuticals compounds of improved kernels in terms of carotenoids, tocopherols, and phytosterols, with modifications in their profiles.

Significance and Novelty

This research demonstrated that recurrent selection is an effective traditional breeding tool that improves oil, tocopherols, phytosterols, and carotenoids in subtropical maize. This investigation represents a first step toward understanding how the improvement of oil content affects the lipophilic nutraceutical content.
Transparent Conductive Encapsulants for Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Rome Grace A. , Intia Fry , Klein Talysa R. , Schichtl Zebulon G. , Tamboli Adele C. , Warren Emily L. , Greenaway Ann L.
Published: September 2023

Invited for this issue's Front Cover is a group of researchers from the Materials, Chemistry, and Computational Science Directorate at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, led by Dr. Ann L. Greenaway. The front cover picture shows the surface of a TCE sheet, with the metallized spheres that act as conductive pathways from the semiconductor surface, through the polymer matrix, to the electrochemical interface. The rainbow represents the light going through the TCE layer to the semiconductor below. The primary electrochemical reaction used in this work was the first reduction of methyl viologen, as illustrated with the floating chemical structures. Cover design by Talysa Klein (https://www.tk2.design/). Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202300209.
Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of Diaryl [5]Helicene Derivatives
Authors: Li Ruiji , Fang Qi , Chen Minghui , Yamada Mihoko , Tsuji Yugo , Kugai Yusuke , Li Wei , Kawai Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2023

Photoinduced tuning of aromaticity and correlative molecular properties has attracted enormous interest in recent years both for modulating photochromism properties and designing novel photochromic materials. Here, we report the synthesis and photochemical characterization of diaryl[5]helicene‐based diarylethene molecular switches. 3,4‐Bis(2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐phenylthiophen‐3‐yl)dibenzo[c,g]phenanthrene derivative 1 a showed no photochromic reaction, whereas 3,4‐bis(2‐methyl‐5‐phenylthiophen‐3‐yl)dibenzo[c,g]phenanthrene derivative 2 a and 3,4‐bis(5‐methyl‐2‐phenylthiazol‐4‐yl)dibenzo[c,g]phenanthrene derivative 3 a exhibited reversible photochromism in different aprotic solvents with specific light irradiation. Meanwhile, the diarylethene compounds 2 a and 3 a underwent turn‐off mode fluorescence photoswitching together with photoisomerization upon light irradiation. Remarkably, the photoinduced changes in the aromaticity of [5]helicene as a central ethene bridge along with the relative smaller activation energy and higher frequency factor facilitated the thermal bleaching rates of diarylethene switches 2 and 3 in solution. This research provides new insight for designing aromatic diarylethene photoswitches for reversible fluorescence switching, photoinduced changes in aromaticity and further fast thermal back reactions.