bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon Monoxide Fatalities in Medicolegal Autopsies
Authors: Ragheb S Y Abu-Al , Battah A H
Published: July 2017

All post-mortem medicolegal reports issued by Jordan University Hospital (JUH) during the period 1978–96 were reviewed. Carbon monoxide (CO) as a silent killer was responsible for 31.5% (n=110) of poisoning fatalities. These were due to unintentional exposure to CO sources in confined spaces (bedrooms (24.6%), worker lodgings (23.6%) and bathrooms (16.4%)), and without the victims being aware of CO hazards. Sixty-five per cent of CO fatalities occurred during December to February and 30% of the cases involved the age group 20–29 years, followed by the age group 30–39 years (20%). Non-Jordanians constituted 50% of CO fatalities and Egyptian workers accounted for 78%. Being unaccustomed to cold climates, and on low incomes, they had been using simple and unsafe heating devices. Many of these deaths could have been prevented. Safety educational campaigns to increase awareness of the general population of CO sources, their hazards and how to avoid them should be held continuously during the cold months of the year. All health and safety sectors are advised to be involved.
Suicide among Psychiatric In-Patients with Schizophrenia in an Australian Mental Hospital
Authors: Shah Ajit , Ganesvaran Thirunavakarasu
Published: July 2017

Psychiatric in-patient suicides are associated with schizophrenia. In this paper, 62 suicides in patients with schizophrenia, over a 21-year period in a large psychiatric hospital in Melbourne, Australia, were examined. The characteristics, including demographic and clinical data, for the suicides were compared with a comparison group of 22 ‘alive’ inpatients with schizophrenia.

Suicide among in-patients with schizophrenia was associated with previous deliberate self-harm, a greater number of episodes of previous deliberate self-harm, pre-admission and intra-admission suicidal thoughts, intra-admission suicidal attempts, fluctuating suicidal ideation, longer length of stay, a greater number of ward transfers, and prescription of a greater number of neuroleptics and antidepressants. Over 40% of suicides occurred after absconding from hospital and a similar number during periods of approved leave. Violent methods (including jumping in front of trains, trams and road traffic, jumping off buildings, hanging and drowning) were most frequently used.

It is concluded that psychiatric units should be developed away from readily available methods of suicide. In-patients at high risk should be observed carefully to avoid absconding and suicide. Suicide risk should be examined carefully in patients prior to approving leave, particularly if they have fluctuating suicidal ideation.
Third Time Lucky — An Unusual Suicide
Authors: Herdson P B , Dellar G G , McFawn P , Fuderer E M , Tait R
Published: July 2017

We present the case of a 39-year-old male who died with three significant and separate shotgun wounds. During the investigation, the possibility of murder was considered, but reconstruction of the case and post-mortem findings led to a coronial conclusion that the death was a suicide, accounted for by the type of weapon used and the stamina of the deceased.
Homicide by Paraquat Poisoning
Authors: Daisley H , Simmons V
Published: July 2017

We report on two cases of homicide by paraquat poisoning. Both cases occurred in children and the common clinical presentations were gastrointestinal ulceration and acute respiratory distress, with pneumomediastinitis. Bullous emphysema was a common autopsy finding. Physicians and pathologists should be aware of these findings, for they are almost diagnostic of acute paraquat poisoning.
Appendicectomy Stumps: ‘To Bury or not to Bury’
Authors: Dass Habel P , Wilson Solomon J , Khan Shamim , Parlade Salvador , Uy Albert
Published: July 2017

A prospective randomized trial of 130 patients was carried out to compare simple ligature with invagination of the appendix stump. There were 64 and 66 patients, respectively, in the two groups and they were well matched for age, sex, weight and severity of appendicitis. One patient in the invagination group developed wound infection but there was no infection in the other group. This difference was not statistically significant (P>0.5) and there was no evidence of adhesive ileus in either group after a mean follow-up period of nine months. We recommend simple ligature of the appendix stump as a safe procedure.
Gastrointestinal Malignancies in a Young Tropical African Population
Authors: Atoba M A , Olubuyide I O , Aghadiuno P O
Published: July 2017

The records of 695 patients with confirmed gastroenterological malignancies over a 10 year period (January 1976–December 1985) were analysed. Of these, 264 patients (37.98%) were below the age of 40 years. Primary liver cell carcinoma was the commonest malignancy while gallbladder and oropharyngeal cancers were the least common. Most of the patients (66.3%) were in their fourth decade. The prognosis was poor as most of the patients presented late.
Children Discharged following Nutritional Rehabilitation: A Follow-up Study
Authors: O'Dwyer M , Gillam S J
Published: July 2017

The results of a 1-year follow up of children discharged from a nutritional rehabilitation centre (NRC) in eastern Nepal are presented. One hundred and one children were visited at home on discharge from the NRC, at 6 months and 1 year later. Data were collected concurrently on one sibling and two neighbouring children matched for age and sex. Anthropometry was carried out at each visit and information collected on socio-economic variables and child feeding practices.

A significantly higher death rate was observed in index children as compared with controls. Index children demonstrated catch-up growth with both greater weight gain and faster increases in height than either control group post-discharge. At 6 months, mean weight-for-height was similar in all three groups but at one year mean height-for-age was still lower in the index children as compared with controls. The prognosis for female children appeared to be poorer than for boys.
Haematological Profile in Typhoid Fever
Authors: Khosla S N , Anand Ajay , Singh Uma , Khosla Amit
Published: July 2017

The haematological profile in 20 culture proven patients with typhoid fever of varying age and of both sexes was studied. Significant changes observed were anaemia, leucopenia, eosinopenia, thrombocytopenia and sub-clinical disseminated intravascular coagulation. The bone marrow of typhoid patients showed myeloid maturation arrest, decrease in the number of erythroblasts and megakaryocytes with increased phagocytic activity of histiocytes.
Shigellosis in Mozambique: The 1993 Outbreak Rehabilitation—A Follow-up Study
Authors: Aragón Miguel , Barreto Avertino , Chambule Jonas , Noya Antonio , Tallarico Maria
Published: July 2017

In this paper we describe a dysentery outbreak in Mozambique during 1993. A total of 47 483 cases and 199 deaths were reported, with an incidence rate of 292.5/100 000 and a fatality rate of 0.25% for the whole country. Of the 144 districts in the country 123 were affected: those situated along the principal communications routes and corridors had high incidence rates, up to 3308/100000. All the provincial capitals were affected with incidence rates between 59.6 and 4381.8/100 000. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 was identified as the aetiological agent. This strain was sensitive to nalidixic acid, cephalosporins, gentamicin and kanamycin, and resistant to tetracyclines, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, sulphisoxazole, Cotrimoxazol and erythromycin. This is the first dysentery epidemic caused by S. dysenteriae type 1 reported in Mozambique. The epidemic still continues. Population movements after the war, poor levels of sanitation and poverty contributed to the gravity of the outbreak.
Salmonella Septic Arthritis in Zambian Children
Authors: Lavy Christopher B D , Lavy Vicky R , Anderson Ian
Published: July 2017

Thirty-four children under the age of 3 years with septic arthritis presented to Mukinge Hospital between 1 January 1992 and 31 March 1993. Twenty-six of these cultured Salmonella spp.

The salmonella group comprised 17 males and 9 females with an average age of 10 months. Most patients were anaemic and all were under 50th centile for weight. The commonest presentation was swelling, pyrexia and non-use of the limb. The mean white cell count (WBC) was 14 000/mm3 and the mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 15.8 mm/h, but in many cases both the WBC and ESR were normal.

All patients were treated with drainage and antibiotics. All made a good recovery and were discharged pain free, apyrexial and using the affected joint. One patient was readmitted because of recurrent infection. Nine patients reviewed after 1 month had continued good function. We consider that malnutrition and local trauma are predisposing factors to the development of salmonella septic arthritis in a population where salmonella is endemic.
Dapsone Syndrome
Authors: Dhamija R , Kumar D , Khurana G
Published: July 2017

A case of dapsone syndrome is reported and its differential diagnosis is discussed.
Blindness in Leprosy Patients of Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Malu K N , Malu A O
Published: July 2017

We examined the eyes of 311 leprosy patients to determine the prevalence of blindness and impaired vision, and the causes of blindness in leprosy patients in Northern Nigeria. There was impaired vision or blindness in 74 eyes. Both eyes were affected in 5.1 % of patients while 2.9% were totally blind. Leprosy alone was responsible for total blindness in 1.3% of patients, while other ocular diseases contributed to blindness in 1.6%. Exposure keratitis (21.3%), corneal opacities (13.5%) and chronic uveitis (10.1%) were the commonest leprotic cause of blindness. Primary care and early intervention could help prevent blindness in many of these patients. Primary eye care should therefore be given a prominent position in the training of carers of leprosy patients.
Obstetric Skills at District and Sub-District Hospitals
Authors: Bhuiya Abdul Latif , Bullough Colin H W
Published: July 2017

A new policy for emergency obstetric care (EOC) which should be provided at district and sub-district hospitals has been adopted in Bangladesh. Therefore a survey of the obstetric skills of doctors at these institutions was performed. The current skills of the doctors was compared with their self-perceived skills when they left their medical college hospitals. Although in many cases self learning had occurred it was shown that, unless a doctor had been competent to perform a skill under indirect supervision, competency was often not reached.
A Simple, Safe and Efficient Anaesthetic Breathing System for Universal use in Rural Environments
Authors: Humphrey David
Published: July 2017

A new simple, safe and efficient anaesthetic breathing system, the Humphrey ADE system1, is described for universal use on adults and children. Specialist knowledge is not required as it has been designed to be easy to use. Requiring low fresh gas flows of only three to four litres per minute, the system is efficient for spontaneous, manually assisted respiration, and for controlled ventilation with an automatic ventilator. These multiple functions are dependent on only two positions of a single lever. Easy to follow instructions are permanently engraved on the main block.
Management of Small Intestinal Volvulus in a District Hospital
Authors: Tegegne Ayalaw
Published: July 2017

Primary small intestinal volvulus is one of the common causes of intestinal obstruction in various localities of the developing world. Although the general principles of management of intestinal obstruction apply to it, its diagnosis is dependent on a clinical exclusion of other causes of intestinal obstruction with overt features, and awareness of patterns of obstruction in a given locality. Moreover, in nearly all the cases early operation is recommended for a confirmation of the diagnosis and relief of the obstruction. However, lacking the necessary precautions on operation, sometimes a relief of the obstruction without a diagnostic confirmation may be the result.
Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis: ‘Sump Syndrome’ following Choledochoduodenostomy
Authors: Khan T F Toufeeq , Sherazi Zaheer A , Muniandy Suseela , Mumtaz Malik
Published: July 2017

An uncommon and late complication of side-to-side choledochoduodenostomy (CDD), the ‘sump syndrome’, developed in a patient 4 years after surgery. Recurrent right upper abdominal pain, fever with chills and rigors and latterly, mild jaundice made her seek repeated hospital admissions which were treated successfully with antibiotics. During the last admission, ultrasonography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), computerized scanning (CT) and hepatic iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan using Tc99m confirmed multiple intrahepatic calculi with proximal dilatation, debris in the distal blind segment and delayed excretion through the CDD. At surgery, the choledochoduodenostomy was taken down and a Rouxen-Y hepaticojejunostomy (RHJ) was fashioned after ductal clearance. The closed end of the Roux loop was placed subcutaneously for subsequent percutaneous access for cholangiography and removal of calculi. She is asymptomatic and well 28 months after surgery.
Expectangy Theory in Media and Message Selection
Authors: Leuven Jim Van
Published: July 2017

New broadcasting technologies give audience members more control over the mass communication process than previously assumed. This article argues for reversing the traditional emphasis on uses and gratifications research in favor of a single expectancy theory capable of handling media and message selection processes at once. The two-stage expectancy value model here is adapted from Vroom's valence andbehavioral choice models. holding that the likelihood of selecting a particular medium depends o n the expectation that the choice will be followed by a message of interest, and on the importance of that message in satisfying the user's most important personal values. If implemented, the model would provide a n avenue for comparing value profiles of target audiences to see how different message categories appear to specialize in the enhancement of certain values. As a result. by comparing ditferences between message values and personal ones. social policymakers are given a tool for measuring the “media welfare” of different audience subgroups.
Psychologically informed and planned environments
Authors: Castledine Sue
Published: July 2017

This practice note is intended to provide a summary of the experience of implementing a Psychologically Informed and Planned Environment (PIPE) in an Approved Premise (AP) from a clinical lead perspective. The article outlines the benefits, challenges and lessons learnt from the pilot and how the model has influenced practice within the AP. PIPEs are specifically designed environments supporting staff in developing an increased psychosocial understanding of their work. Learning has taken place in relation to the implementation of a community-based model and in driving service delivery for individuals with a diagnosis of personality disorder and, or, complex needs residing in an AP.
Responsive Reading Assessment: An Alternative
Authors: Keefe Charlotte Hendrick
Published: July 2017

Approaches to assessment can be divided into two types, positivist and responsive. While positivist assessment compares a student's performance to predetermined standards, responsive assessment focuses on the context and the questions that need to be answered to guide instruction. This article presents vignettes to illustrate the nature of responsive assessment. A variety of assessment techniques are also described.
Practicing What We Preach: Authentic Assessment in Mathematics
Authors: Hopkins Martha H.
Published: July 2017

Individual students within any mathematics classroom possess unique strengths, weaknesses, preferred learning styles, maturity levels, and academic understandings (or misunderstandings). However, each student is expected to progress through the same set of mathematical standards and to achieve at a predetermined level on statewide assessment tests. This article presents authentic assessment and instruction strategies that can be interwoven to ensure that students receive learning opportunities that allow them to seek solutions in a manner that is most consistent with their specific background knowledge and learning styles. Two examples from a fifth-grade classroom are presented and conclusions about the effectiveness of this approach are discussed.
An Elementary School Application of Prereferral Assessment and Intervention
Authors: Schmid Rex E.
Published: July 2017

This article presents a prereferral assessment and intervention process implemented in an elementary school. Included in the description are procedures, examples of record forms, and a case study illustrating the operation of the process. The advantages and disadvantages of the process, as perceived by the faculty and staff after three years of use, are listed but not discussed.
Situated Learning Online: Assessment Strategies for Online Expeditions
Authors: Rasmussen Karen L. , Northrup Pamela T.
Published: July 2017

National concerns related to accountability and reform movements greatly influence our classroom presentation and assessment strategies. Online expeditions, situated in authentic, real-world environments, are an effective and exciting way to help students learn in constructivist environments. Traditional paper and pencil tests often do not capture the student's entire learning experience as they participate in these virtual, problem-based learning environments. Alternative assessments and aligning those assessments to standards promote successful performance on accountability tests such as the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT).
Strangers in a Strange Land?: (Re)Constructing ‘Irishness’ in a Northern English Town
Authors: Gilzean Noel , McAuley James W.
Published: July 2017

This is a case study of the social and physical construction of an ‘Irish’ community in an English town. It asks how or why members of this community migrated and how they construct contemporary images of ‘home’. The article draws on semi-structured interviews and conversations with members of the contemporary Irish community in Huddersfield, including Irish-born and second-generation Irish respondents. We find that their sense of Irish identity is complex, encompassing the totality of social experience, much of which is influenced by often competing interpretations of social and political relationships and understandings of history. What constitutes Irish identity in Huddersfield is determined not just by these factors, but also by the ways in which individuals are socialised as members of different families, neighbourhoods, workplace or other social interest groups.
Biological Warfare: Salmon Farming, Angling Tourism and the Sea Trout Dispute in the West of Ireland, 1989–1995
Authors: Phyne John
Published: July 2017

After the 1989 sea trout collapse in the west of Ireland, the angling community (which includes private fishery owners) attributed the collapse to coastal salmon farms, but the salmon farming community linked the sea trout collapse to environmental factors. The contending parties raised issues which are assessed here through the literature on environmental protests and the sociology of science. This paper then provides an analysis of the sea trout dispute as a conflict between angling interests and fish farming interests over the legitimate use of aquatic resources in rural Ireland. By drawing upon interview data, and government and industry publications, it will show that the dynamics of the sea trout conflict delineates the sociocultural context of science in the disputing process, as well as the nature of social change in rural Ireland.
Environmentalism and Property Rights: The Mullaghmore Interpretive Centre Dispute
Authors: McGrath Brian
Published: July 2017

This article applies recent work on the relations between property rights and public policy to the recent dispute about Mullaghmore in Co. Clare. In this dispute, State policy attempted to define the Burren landscape primarily in terms of its potential to generate revenue. The protesters of the Burren Action Group, however, succeeded in redefining the issue to lake account of a more complex intersection of social, political, economic and environmental issues. The article analyses the complexities involved in this protracted process, connecting them with contemporary theories of property and its uses. Seeing the heritage industry as resources-led, it argues for a more holistic approach to the plight of rural areas.
The Health Legacy of the Emigration: The Irish in Britain and Elsewhere, 1845–1995
Authors: Williams Rory
Published: July 2017

Arguing that the life chances of the Irish emigration in different countries of destination are a highly significant topic for sociologists, this article examines aspects of the health of people of Irish descent born in Britain. This is the subject of a research programme in the Medical Sociology Unit in Glasgow, funded by the UK's Medical Research Council. This historical background to this venture lies in the discovery of a health disadvantage among the Irish in Britain, and the establishment of links between the Irish emigration and high mortality in British cities, despite low mortality in Ireland when the migration was at its height. Theoretical accounts which have guided investigation of this issue include the possibility of prolonged effects from early capitalism in Britain, or that of entrenched effects from cultural exclusion, whether derived from competition for jobs and housing, or from political and religious divisions. These varying accounts lead to competing predictions, and the paper concludes by reviewing progress in testing these predictions, and by suggesting implications for research in other countries of destination.
Facets of the Irish Diaspora: ‘Irishness’ in 20th Century Scotland
Authors: Bradley Joseph M.
Published: July 2017

This paper argues that Celtic Football Club has played a central organising role in establishing a common identity for Catholics of Irish descent in Scotland. Concentrating on evidence taken from discourse in the public media, it draws attention to reactions to this identity by other population groups. Such responses, which are frequently ferocious in the degree of rejection they express, highlight the effects of Celtic's role. It provides a public arena within which Irishness can be expressed; at the same time, it draws fire from hostile elements in the social setting. Tensions within the Irish community about their common identity may in part be responses to these reactions.
The Irish Language — Litmus Test for Equality? Competing Discourses of Identity, Parity of Esteem and the Peace Process
Authors: O'Reilly Camille C.
Published: July 2017

This paper analyses the entry of the Irish language into the political debate on the peace process in Northern Ireland. The background to the Irish language revival in terms of the representations provided by West Belfast Gaeilgeoirí (Irish speakers and learners) themselves and the competing discourses associated with the Irish language are discussed. Finally, the issue of rights for Irish speakers and parity of esteem are dealt with as part of the peace process debate.
‘Irishness’, the 1937 Constitution, and Citizenship: A Gender and Ethnicity View
Authors: Lentin Ronit
Published: July 2017

This paper argues that ‘Irishness’ has not been sufficiently problematised in relation to gender and ethnicity in discussions of Irish national identity, nor has the term ‘Irish women’ been ethnically problematised. Sociological and feminist analyses of the access by women to citizenship of the Republic of Ireland have been similarly unproblematised. This paper interrogates some discourses of Irish national identity, including the 1937 Constitution, in which difference is constructed in religious, not ethnic terms, and in which women are constructed as ‘naturally’ domestic. Ireland's bourgeois nationalism privileged property owning and denigrated nomadism, thus excluding Irish Travellers from definitions of ‘Irishness’. The paper then seeks to problematise T.H. Marshall's definition of citizenship as ‘membership in a community’ from a gender and ethnicity viewpoint and argues that sociological and feminist studies of the gendered nature of citizenship in Ireland do not address access to citizenship by Traveller and other racialized women which this paper examines in brief. It does so in the context of the intersection between racism and nationalism, and argues that the racism implied in the narrow definition of ‘Irishness’ is a central factor in the limited access by minority Irish women to aspects of citizenship. It also argues that racism not only interfaces with other forms of exclusion such as class and gender, but also broadens our understanding of the very nature of Irish national identity.
Family Businesses Dominate
Authors:   International Family Enterprise Research Academy (IFERA)
Published: July 2017

International Family Enterprise Research Academy (IFERA) collected some numbers about family businesses to confirm what several experts in the field have always claimed: that family businesses dominate most economies around the world. IFERA asked over 60 researchers and professionals dealing with family businesses in various countries to get a numerical/statistical confirmation of this hypothesis. The results confirm the leading role of family businesses in worldwide economic production and employment.
The Dynamics of Succession in Family Businesses in Western European Countries
Authors: Neubauer Herbert
Published: July 2017

Family businesses represent a major economic factor in western economies.This paper illustrates the significance of and problems involved with succession in family businesses on the basis of empirical data on Austria and Germany. The paper presents a number of ideas on the systems of the family and the business from both interdisciplinary and dynamic perspectives and sheds light on generation changes in detail. Finally, a number of recommendations are made for future dynamic/systemic research on succession.
Educational Needs of Family Businesses: Perceptions of University Directors
Authors: McCann Greg , DeMoss Michelle , Dascher Paul , Barnett Steve
Published: July 2017

Universities have developed family business centers during the past two decades as they and others realized the importance and complexity of family businesses. However, there has been no comprehensive investigation of the unique educational needs of family businesses. The purpose of this study is to explore this subject and to suggest particular areas in family business education that require attention. The study measures the perceptions of university-based family business program directors about educational issues relevant to family businesses. It also provides important insights and information about the current state of family business education.
Diabetes Education: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach
Authors: Kortas Kenneth J. , Quinn Laurie
Published: July 2017

Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the United States, showing an incidence of over 14 million individuals, with the numbers increasing yearly. Current evidence suggests that maintaining normal blood glucose levels will result in preventing or lessening the degree of acute and chronic complications of diabetes. Therefore, because many of the complications of diabetes may be prevented or lessened by strict glycemic control, it is of the utmost importance that the individual with diabetes understand the roles of diet, exercise, and insulin/oral hypoglycemics in the management of his or her diabetes. This is an area in which diabetic education plays an important role. The properly educated individual with diabetes can learn to increase or decrease insulin, to change diet, or to modify exercise regimens based on results of home blood glucose-monitoring to achieve normoglycemia. This article discusses a multidisciplinary team approach to educating the diabetic patient. This involves using the skills of physicians, pharmacists, nurses, dieticians, and other health care professionals, as well as teaching tools such as diabetes patient assessment forms, diabetes education, and teaching documentation records. It should become clear from this discussion the active role that pharmacists can play as an important member of the diabetic education team.
Glucose Monitoring of the Diabetic Patient
Authors: Engle Janet P.
Published: July 2017

The use of home glucose monitoring products is increasing. The pharmacist can make an important contribution to the diabetic patient's care by becoming knowledgeable about the many monitoring products available and by providing a structured diabetes management program for his or her patients. This article will discuss the many products available for home blood glucose monitoring and the pharmacist's role in diabetic patient monitoring.
Hypoglycemic Adverse Reactions to Insulin and Sulfonylureas
Authors: O'Donnell James
Published: July 2017

The physiology and pathophysiology of hypoglycemia secondary to insulin and oral hypoglycemics are reviewed. Literature and clinical experiences, as well as litigated experiences, are discussed, and pharmacists are cautioned to exercise extreme caution when working with these agents, lest permanent brain damage or death result from their inappropriate use and monitoring.
Fear of Immigration Enforcement Among Older Latino Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Rodriguez Nestor , Paredes Cristian L. , Hagan Jacqueline
Published: July 2017

Objective: The passage of the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) and other subsequent restrictive immigration policies have created fear among Latino immigrants. This study examines whether fear of immigration enforcement is socially significant among older (50+ years) foreign-born Latino individuals in the United States without citizenship or permanent residence, and whether disapproval of immigrant enforcement policies is directly associated with fear of immigration enforcement among this older population. Method: Data used in the analysis come from 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2013 national Latino surveys conducted by the Pew Research Center. Cross-sectional regression models are used to estimate the probabilities of fearing immigration enforcement in the Latino samples, as well as to examine the association between disapproval and fear of immigration enforcement. Results: The study finds that the predicted probabilities of fearing immigration enforcement among foreign-born individuals aged 50 and over without citizenship or permanent residence are not negligible. Moreover, the study finds evidence of a direct association between the disapproval of enforcement measures and fear of immigration enforcement. Discussion: Restrictive immigration measures have implications for conditions of fear and other stressors affecting the well-being of older immigrants.
Contact characteristics of helical conical gears used for V-drive marine transmissions
Authors: Zhu C , Wang H , Zhang L , Du X
Published: July 2017

This article investigates the load-carrying ability of helical conical gears used in transmissions with intersecting and crossed axis for V-drive marine transmission. Mathematical models of helical conical non-involute gears, which can realize line contact, were established on the basis of the conjugated theory. Loaded tooth contact analysis was performed to examine the meshing and bearing contact of the helical conical gear pairs. The contact area was measured in an experiment and compared with theoretical results, and good agreement was observed.
Intelligent navigation of multiple mobile robotsusing an ant colony optimization techniquein a highly cluttered environment
Authors: Parhi D R , Pothal J K
Published: July 2017

This article presents the cooperative behaviour of a multi-robot system in which each robot has a very simple interaction method. In this article, some effort has been made to develop a theory of ant colony optimization for the navigation of multiple mobile robots. Ant colony optimization is a model for bio-simulation due to relative individual simplicity and complex group behaviours. Each ant drops a quantity of artificial pheromone at every point that the ant passes through. This pheromone simply changes the probability that the next ant becomes attracted to a particular grid point. As each ant will make a decision at every grid point that it encounters, it is possible that an ant may wander around the grid map or may become stuck among local grid points. In order to prevent this phenomenon, the proposed solution adapted a global attraction term that guides ants to head towards the destination point. The theory has been tested in both simulation and experimental modes.
Statistical model for normal and tangential contact parameters of rough surfaces
Authors: You J-M , Chen T-N
Published: July 2017

A new statistical model was developed for the normal and tangential contact parameters of rough surfaces based on the elastic—plastic contact theory of asperity. Four deformed regimes of fully elastic, first elastoplastic, second elastoplastic, and fully plastic of an asperity contacting with a rigid surface were taken into account by this model. The present model reveals that the normal and tangential contact parameters of rough surfaces are determined by the material properties of rough surface, statistical parameters for surface topography, and loading. Based on the results comparison and analysis, the present model is shown to be more complete than the GW, CEB, ZMC, and CEB friction models in describing the elastic—plastic contact problems between the rough surfaces. The effects of height distribution of asperities, plasticity index, and loading on contact parameters were simulated and discussed. In addition, the Gaussian numerical results predicted by the present model were researched emphatically.
Research on the uprising dynamics of a double-carriage overhead crane system
Authors: Yao X , Guo X , Feng Y , Yu C
Published: July 2017

The dynamic characteristics, in the uprising phase, of an overhead crane carrying two carriages and a cylindrical payload are studied in this article. The crane system investigated mainly consists of a twin beam, two carriages, a rigid payload, and two wire ropes. A new analytical model, in which the beam, carriages, payload, and wire ropes are, respectively, considered as uniform Euler—Bernoulli beam, lumped masses, rigid body, and springs, is presented to describe the uprising dynamics of the specific crane system. The most distinguished characteristic of the model is the dynamic coupling deriving from the presence of a flexible beam, carriages, and the cylindrical payload.

The kinetic and potential energies, during the pre-tensing and lifting phases, of the components in the system are presented in particular. Then, utilizing the Rayleigh—Ritz method, one can obtain the differential equations of the dynamic system substituting the energy into Lagrange's equation. The differential equations are numerically solved by the fourth-order Runge—Kutta method, and then some useful results representing the dynamic features of the system are obtained according to the calculation. The validity of the analytical model is demonstrated by an equivalent FE model created by ANSYS and ADAMS. Comparison of the results, obtained by two distinct approaches, indicates good agreements, which can be the validity evidence of the analytical model.
Notice-board
Authors: Looseley David
Published: July 2017

French Cultural Studies will be pleased to announce in the Notice-board forthcoming events involving all aspects of modern French culture. Please contact Dr D. L. Looseley, Department of French, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, West Yorkshire.
Gushing Time
Authors: Chowers Eyal
Published: July 2017

According to some theorists (such as Agnes Heller) modern individuals no longer experience space as the anchor of their identity; they have become ‘geographically promiscuous’, changing their place of residency according to their personal circumstances and prospects for fulfillment. Instead, moderns have embraced the absolute present – the time of global culture – as the center of their identity. This article criticizes such claims. It suggests, first, that the absolute present is not the single temporal home available for late moderns, and that it coexists with singular conceptions of the past (semicyclicalism) and the profane (cosmopolitan) future as alternative homes; second, that in modernity spatial and temporal homelessness went hand in hand, rather than the former displacing the latter. Finally, it is suggested that the multiplicity of spatial and temporal homes available for late moderns calls for a flexible conception of selfhood, one that is able to incorporate this multiplicity and to welcome the ensuing homelessness within the self's own home(s).
Clock and Calendar Time
Authors: Postill John
Published: July 2017

The spread of clock and calendar time (CCT) from the North Atlantic region to the rest of the world is an understudied phenomenon. The second part of this article, based on anthropological fieldwork, examines the successful localization of CCT in a semi-rural area of Sarawak, in Malaysian Borneo. Before that, the article critically assesses some of the main anthropological studies of time to date, highlighting their inattention to CCT and suggesting that CCT is a subject full of interdisciplinary promise.
Time Divided – Time United?
Authors: Rau Henrike
Published: July 2017

To illuminate the persisting division between East and West Germany, this article explores temporal aspects of East German culture and their impact on German unification. Arguing that approaches to GDR time in the contemporary literature border on oversimplification, the article focuses on different layers of time in East Germany. It also deals with possible time-related sources of conflict between East and West Germans, such as contradictory temporal work practices. On the basis of ethnographic and documentary evidence, the article argues that ordinary members of the German public may be more subtly aware of clashes in time cultures than this literature suggests.
When ‘Work’ Meets ‘Home’
Authors: Tietze Susanne , Musson Gillian
Published: July 2017

This article reports on research that explored the experience of 25 professional management employees who worked regular periods from home, but remained full-time salaried employees. Based on interviews with these workers in their home using language, routines and observations as data the article tracks how organizational policies of flexibility translate into individuals' experience of lived temporalities. The article concludes with the view that such new forms of work organization are neither necessarily corrosive of character, nor do they provide the individual with unlimited opportunity to shape the work process beyond organizational control. Rather, they recast the relationship between ‘home’ and ‘work’, necessitating the individual to engage reflectively with both spheres.
Engendering Time
Authors: Everingham Christine
Published: July 2017

This article explores the impact of discourses of workplace flexibility on gender equity. Time Use surveys have shown convincingly how the unequal burden of women's work in the home undermines gender equity strategies in the workplace. They have also become more sophisticated in their ability to contextualize their time measures to capture the gendered processes involved in domestic activity. However, gender equity strategies which draw on these studies are limited in the extent to which the strategies can highlight the multiplicity of timekeeping systems which order social life and the role of working mothers in coordinating these systems. Domestic life generates social time, responding to biological and communal rhythms as well as the logic of the clock. Gender equity strategies which rely on Time Use surveys based on the assumption that only one temporal logic orders social life are easily coopted by the new discourses of workplace flexibility which are foundered on the same assumption. This article argues that there are possible alternative flexibility discourses which do not depend on further de-contextualizing and de-regulating the temporal order. These are more likely to support greater gender equity if they point to the unsocial nature of a temporal order which conflates all temporality into one single logic.
Regularized approach for data missing not at random
Authors: Tseng Chi-hong , Chen Yi-Hau
Published: July 2017

It is common in longitudinal studies that missing data occur due to subjects’ no response, missed visits, dropout, death or other reasons during the course of study. To perform valid analysis in this setting, data missing not at random (MNAR) have to be considered. However, models for data MNAR often suffer from the identifiability issue and hence result in difficulty in estimation and computational convergence. To ameliorate this issue, we propose the LASSO and ridge-regularized selection models that regularize the missing data mechanism model to handle data MNAR, with the regularization parameter selected via a cross-validation procedure. The proposed models can be also employed for sensitivity analysis to examine the effects on inference of different assumptions about the missing data mechanism. We illustrate the performance of the proposed models via simulation studies and the analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial.
The parliamentary Hansard ‘verbatim’ report: the written construction of spoken discourse
Authors: Slembrouck Stef
Published: July 2017

In this article I want to contribute to the critical linguistic analysis of discourse representation practices in an institutional context. I focus on the minutes of the British parliamentary proceedings. My method is that of a detailed comparison of the printed text of the report against transcripts of the spoken debates. I begin by proposing two central premises for a theory of discourse representation. Applying these to the Hansard data, two fundamental tendencies are noted which reflect the impact of macro social-linguistic determinants on discourse. These I also analyse in the light of their attending ideologies of communication. Thus, one can put forward the existence of a wider ‘representational culture’ which is typical for a literate society like Britain (and whose workings also affect linguistic theory). In addition, I take up the idea that institutions provide the level at which social formations are instantiated and transformed. In this way, I show that an understanding of the Hansard practices also requires one to pay attention to factors which are specific to Parliament itself and which bring about a transformation of the culturally dominant ‘verbatim style’.
Speech, music and dehumanisation in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four: a linguistic study of metaphors
Authors: Marie Anne , Vandenbergen Simon
Published: July 2017

This article examines the way in which metaphorical expressions referring to speech and music in George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four contribute to the elaboration of the theme of dehumanisation.

The term ‘metaphor’ is used in a broad sense to refer to various types of transfer of meaning, thus including metonymy and synecdoche as well as metaphor, strictly speaking. Further, the viewpoint is that metaphor is the result of grammatical as well as lexical choices, and is therefore to be dealt with on the lexicogrammatical level. The following conclusions can be drawn from the data examined in the article. First, a linguistic analysis of clause types shows that Orwell makes very consistent selections from the grammar to express the central meaning. Second, it appears that metaphors have been drawn from a relatively small number of recurrent donor domains. These are the domains of animals, physical force and liquids. Although superficially unrelated, they are united in the more abstract domain of ‘control’ and play their roles in creating the picture of a world in which individual consciousness and liberty have no place. Third, the article shows that conventional and creative metaphors harmoniously co-operate in establishing the meaning of dehumanisation as a characteristic of the world depicted in the book.
Mind Style as an Interdisciplinary Approach to Characterisation in Faulkner
Authors: Bockting Ineke
Published: July 2017

The brothers Benjy, Quentin and Jason Compson from William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury are among the most memorable characters in American literature. They are startlingly ‘real’ and at the same time works of art, constructed out of linguistic material. This article examines one of the tools that Faulkner uses to create the ‘realness’ of his characters: that of attributive style. Through the methods of psychostylistics, which combines the findings of narrative psychology and psychiatry with those of literary stylistics in general and mind style in particular, the wider implications for characterisation of differences in attributive style between the three brothers will be explored.
Subjectivity as a text-type Marker in Historical Stylistics
Authors: Taavitsainen Irma
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses subjectivity as a text-type marker in a historical perspective. It claims that linguistic features reflecting personal involvement in a text act as text-type markers in some genre and period styles. Cultural conventions are important formative factors in the use of such features, and generic conventions may override individual styles in some early periods. The quality of ‘personal affect’ seems to vary greatly in different text types. It is an essential component of participant relations, and because of the variation in volume and form, it can provide a tool for a more detailed assessment of period and genre styles.
A novel BLK-induced tumor model
Authors: Petersen David Leander , Berthelsen Jens , Willerslev-Olsen Andreas , Fredholm Simon , Dabelsteen Sally , Bonefeld Charlotte Menné , Geisler Carsten , Woetmann Anders
Published: July 2017

B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (BLK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the SRC family kinases. BLK is known to be functionally involved in B-cell receptor signaling and B-cell development. New evidence suggests that B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase is ectopically expressed and is a putative oncogene in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and other T-cell malignancies. However, little is known about the role of BLK in lymphomagenesis, and the oncogenic function seems to depend on the cellular context. Importantly, BLK is also ectopically expressed in other hematological and multiple non-hematological malignancies including breast, kidney, and lung cancers, suggesting that BLK could be a new potential target for therapy. Here, we studied the oncogenic potential of human BLK. We found that engrafted Ba/F3 cells stably expressing constitutive active human BLK formed tumors in mice, whereas neither Ba/F3 cells expressing wild type BLK nor non-transfected Ba/F3 cells did. Inhibition of BLK with the clinical grade and broadly reacting SRC family kinase inhibitor dasatinib inhibited growth of BLK–induced tumors. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that human BLK is a true proto-oncogene capable of inducing tumors, and we demonstrate a novel BLK activity–dependent tumor model suitable for studies of BLK–driven lymphomagenesis and screening of novel BLK inhibitors in vivo.