bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of telehealth counselling pilot for people experiencing homelessness and/or complex needs: During COVID‐19 and beyond
Authors: Bower Marlee , Olsen Nicholas , Peach Natalie , Green Olivia , Duarte Carlos , Valpiani Peter , Teesson Maree
Published: March 2023

Issues addressed

People experiencing homelessness and/or complex needs often require targeted health services to address unique vulnerabilities. COVID‐19 restrictions acted as a barrier for this group accessing health and alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment services. The Haymarket Foundation, an accommodation and health facility in Australia, transitioned from in‐person AOD‐counselling services to online consultations. Clients accessing these services were tracked, from March 2019 to November 2020, to assess the impact of the switch to telehealth on client retention.

Methods

Qualitative analysis of Haymarket clients' service experience surveys and quantitative descriptives of “no‐show” (nonattended sessions) rates and survival analysis of client treatment separations were completed to assess the impact of transitioning to telehealth on client retention.

Results

Although the initial transition to telehealth in March 2020 minimally impacted client no‐show rates, reinstated government restrictions in June/July 2020 coincided with increasing no‐shows and a substantial increase in treatment exits without notice, especially amongst males. Qualitative analysis showed clients had mixed feelings towards telehealth: some attributed their dissatisfaction to the inability to build rapport with their counsellor online, or with COVID‐19 in general. Others appreciated the availability and genuine care of their counsellors through either setting.

Conclusions

Telehealth may be a feasible replacement for face‐to‐face AOD counselling for people experiencing homelessness, however further investigation needs to be conducted to understand factors associated with improved client retention.

So what?

This pilot demonstrates telehealth may be a feasible ongoing feature of health promotion for vulnerable high‐needs populations, including people experiencing homelessness who use substances.
Footcare knowledge and practice among diabetic patients attending primary health care centers in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Darraj Gasem , Somaili Mohammed , Shaban Samy , Jahlan Mohammed , Darraj Abdulaziz , Ahmed Banan , Mojamamy Gasem , Darraj Mohammed , Dahlan Hesham , Alqassim Ahmad
Published: March 2023

Background

Diabetic foot is one of the significant complications of diabetes mellitus, associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Patients' knowledge of, and willingness to practice, good footcare are essential and may decrease these risks. This study was conducted to assess adult diabetic patients' knowledge of footcare and willingness to put their knowledge into practice.

Method

A cross‐sectional observational study was conducted on adult diabetic patients in the central area of the Jazan Region using patients' responses to a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were calculated for study variables, and the Pearson chi‐squared test was used to compare categorical data.

Results

A total of 410 diabetic patients were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 56.7 years. The mean duration of their diabetes mellitus (DM) to date was 9.2 years, and 63% had complications of diabetes. For the questionnaire, 56% of the patients gave incorrect responses to the knowledge of the footcare section and 81% to the willingness to practice footcare section. Highly educated patients have better knowledge and practice of diabetic footcare than those who are less educated (77% vs. 23%, p < 0.05), (37% vs. 20%, p < 0.05), respectively. A statistically significant difference exists between patients with good and poor knowledge scores.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that the knowledge and practice of footcare among DM patients are poor. Therefore, appropriate patient information programs are needed to increase patients' understanding of their illness and how to manage it.
Association of antiviral drugs and their possible mechanisms with DRESS syndrome using data mining algorithms
Authors: Sharma Akash , Roy Sweta , Sharma Ruchika , Kumar Anoop
Published: March 2023

Antiviral drugs are not known for drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. The current study aims is to find out the association of antiviral drugs and their possible mechanism with DRESS. Data mining algorithms such as proportional reporting ratio that is, PRR (≥2) with associated χ2 value (>4), reporting odds ratio that is, ROR (≥2) with 95% confidence interval and case count (≥3) were calculated to identify a possible signal. Further, molecular docking studies were conducted to check the interaction of selected antiviral drugs with possible targets. The potential signal of DRESS was found to be associated with abacavir, acyclovir, ganciclovir, lamivudine, lopinavir, nevirapine, ribavirin, ritonavir, and zidovudine among all selected antiviral drugs. Further, subgroup analysis has also shown a potential signal in different age groups and gender. The sensitivity analysis results have shown a decrease in the strength of the signal, however, there was no significant impact on the outcome except for acyclovir. The docking results have indicated the possible involvement of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)*B1502 and HLA*B5801. The positive signal of DRESS was found with selected antiviral drugs except for acyclovir.
Depressive Symptoms are Positively Linked to Malevolent Creativity: A Novel Perspective on the Maladaptive Nature of Revenge Ideation
Authors: Perchtold‐Stefan Corinna M. , Rominger Christian , Fink Andreas
Published: March 2023

Depressed mood has attracted little attention in creativity research. By comparison, psychotherapeutic studies have repeatedly associated depressive symptomatology with increased revenge ideation. Combining creativity and retaliatory ideation, the present study examined whether self‐reported subclinical depressive symptoms are linked to malevolent creativity – creativity used for the purpose of damaging others – in a psychometric test. In a sample of n = 259 participants, overall depressive symptoms were positively associated with malevolent creativity. Sensitivity analyses confirmed this link for motivational and interactional symptoms, but not cognitive symptoms of depression. As a gender‐specific finding, malevolent creativity was positively linked to emotional symptoms of depression in women, but not men. Our findings hint at the possibility that mood impairments through depressive symptoms may facilitate malevolent creative ideation through increased impulsivity, reduced self‐regulation, and protracted anger rumination. Following recommendations regarding more focused investigations into the vast research complex of psychopathology and creativity, this study emphasizes negative mood as a risk factor for the occurrence of harmful creative ideation, and thus, presents a novel perspective on the intricate link between internalizing and externalizing symptomatology.
Cover Image
Authors: Lee Tsung Hung , Lin Yi Hsien , Fu Chung‐Jen , Chang Chung‐Feng
Published: March 2023

The cover image is based on the Research Article Segmentation based on environmentally responsible behavior: Evidence from SCUBA divers in Taiwan, the Philippines, and Indonesia by Tsung Hung Lee et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2564.

image
An Experimental Study
Authors: Yao Lei , Luo Tingting , Yang Guoliang , Yin Jiabei , Li Hui , Liu Zheng
Published: March 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) on tumors.

Methods

Experiments were conducted on subcutaneous C6 glioma implanted in 37 rats. Twenty‐five rats were divided into five groups treated by ultrasound (US) + dodecafluoropentane (DDFP), US + microbubble (MB), US, DDFP, or saline, respectively. ADV was performed using DDFP droplets (2–5 μm) triggered by non‐focused pulsed ultrasound. Macroscopic and histological changes of the tumor were compared with investigation of the tumor ablation effect of ADV. Tumor temperature was measured before and immediately after treatment to explore temperature changes. Furthermore, another 12 rats with bilateral tumors were divided into two groups. Six animals received ADV treatment on unilateral tumor, while another six received saline injection on unilateral tumor. The tumor blood perfusion, tumor volume and related immune response were measured.

Results

The tumors treated by ADV were partially damaged without significant temperature rise. For the animals with bilateral tumors, the tumor blood perfusion around the damaged area on the side receiving ADV still existed. Additionally, the bilateral tumors of animals treated with ADV were smaller than those of animals treated with saline, along with stronger immune response and more tumor cell apoptosis in tumors on both sides.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that ADV treatment could damage subcutaneous glioma in rats by mechanical effect and enhance systemic immune response to furtherly inhibit the tumor growth.
Increased RTN3 phenocopies nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the AMPK–IDH2 pathway
Authors: Huang Hao , Guo Shuai , Chen Ya‐Qin , Liu Yu‐Xing , Jin Jie‐Yuan , Liang Yun , Fan Liang‐Liang , Xiang Rong
Published: March 2023

Reticulon 3 (RTN3), an endoplasmic reticulum protein, is crucial in neurodegenerative and kidney diseases. However, the role of RTN3 in liver tissues has not been described. Here, we employed public datasets, patients, and several animal models to explore the role of RTN3 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The underlying mechanisms were studied in primary hepatocytes and L02 cells in vitro. We found an increased expression of RTN3 in NAFLD patients, high‐fat diet mice, and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐treated L02 cells. The RTN3 transgenic mice exhibited the phenotypes of fatty liver and lipid accumulation. Single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis indicated that increased RTN3 might induce mitochondrial dysfunction. We further showed this in primary hepatocytes, the L02 cell line, and the Caenorhabditis elegans strain. Mechanistically, RTN3 regulated these events through its interactions with glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), which further inhibited the adenosine 5 monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)–isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) pathway. In the end, knockout of RTN3 relieved fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our study indicated that RTN3 was important in NAFLD and lipid catabolism and that an increase in RTN3 in the liver might be a risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and NAFLD.
Volar versus dorsal approach for supinator to posterior interosseous nerve transfer: An anatomical study in cadavers
Authors: Ahmed Adil Shahzad , Roundy Robert , Graf Alexander R. , Suh Nina , Peljovich Allan E. , Zelenski Nicole A.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Supinator to posterior interosseous nerve (SPIN) transfer allows reconstruction of finger/thumb extension and thumb abduction for low radial nerve palsy, incomplete C6 tetraplegia, and brachial plexus injury affecting C7‐T1. No study has compared dorsal versus volar approach to perform SPIN transfer. This comparison is studied in the present work, assessing supinator motor branch length and ability to achieve nerve transfer from either approach.

Methods

Ten fresh frozen cadavers were randomly allocated to receive either a dorsal or volar approach to PIN and supinator radial and ulnar branches (RB = radial, UB = ulnar). Supinator head innervation patterns were documented. RB and UB lengths, forearm lengths measured from ulnar styloid to olecranon, visualization of extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) motor nerve without additional dissection, and ability to perform tension‐free nerve transfer were assessed.

Results

Nine of 10 specimens had supinator branches innervating both heads. The ECRB nerve was visualized in all volar but only one dorsal approach. No significant differences in forearm length were found. Volar with elbow extended: mean RB length was 35 ± 7.8 mm and UB was 37.8 ± 9.3 mm. Dorsal with elbow extended: mean RB length was 30 ± 4.1 mm and UB was 38.8 ± 7.3 mm. Dorsal with elbow flexed 90°: RB was 25.6 ± 3.8 mm and UB was 34.8 ± 4.8 mm. No significant differences were found in branch lengths between approaches (dorsal vs. volar UB, p = .339; dorsal vs. volar RB, p = .117). All limbs achieved tension‐free coaptation.

Conclusion

Neither approach demonstrated superiority in achieving tension‐free nerve transfer. Volar permitted immediate identification of ECRB nerve whereas this was only visualized in one dorsal specimen without additional dissection. Overall, the volar approach allows direct coaptation in elbow extension, mimicking maximal physiologic tension for neurorrhaphy. It simultaneously permits additional procedures for pinch reconstruction via single exposure, circumventing limb/microscope maneuvering, dorsal dissection, and increased operative time. Ultimate choice of approach should depend on surgeon familiarity and potential need for additional simultaneous transfers.
Three‐dimensional generalized analytic signal associated with linear canonical transform in Clifford biquaternion domain
Authors: Cai Zhenfeng , Ian Kou Kit
Published: March 2023

Analytic signal is a useful mathematical tool. It separates qualitative and quantitative information of a signal in form of the local phase and local amplitude. Clifford Fourier transform (CFT) plays a vital role in the representation of multidimensional signals. By generalizing the CFT to Clifford linear canonical transform (CLCT), we present a new type of Clifford biquaternionic analytic signal. Due to the advantages of more freedom, the envelop detection problems of 3D images, with the help of this new analytic signal, can get a better visual appearance. Synthesis examples are presented to demonstrate these advantages.
Simulation studies of a full‐ring, CZT SPECT system for whole‐body imaging of 99mTc and 177Lu
Authors: Huh Yoonsuk , Caravaca Javier , Kim Jaehyuk , Cui Yonggang , Huang Qiu , Gullberg Grant , Seo Youngho
Published: March 2023

Background

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is an imaging modality that has demonstrated its utility in a number of clinical indications. Despite this progress, a high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, multi‐tracer SPECT with a large field of view suitable for whole‐body imaging of a broad range of radiotracers for theranostics is not available.

Purpose

With the goal of filling this technological gap, we have designed a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) full‐ring SPECT scanner instrumented with a broad‐energy tungsten collimator. The final purpose is to provide a multi‐tracer solution for brain and whole‐body imaging. Our static SPECT does not rely on the dual‐ and the triple‐head rotational SPECT standard paradigm, enabling a larger effective area in each scan to increase the sensitivity. We provide a demonstration of the performance of our design using a realistic model of our detector with simulated body‐sized phantoms filled with 99mTc and 177Lu.

Methods

We create a realistic model of our detector by using a combination of a Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) Monte Carlo simulation and a finite element model for the CZT response, accounting for low‐energy tail effects in CZT that affects the sensitivity and the scatter correction. We implement a modified dual‐energy‐window scatter correction adapted for CZT. Other corrections for attenuation, detector and collimator response, and detector gaps and edges are also included. The images are reconstructed using the maximum‐likelihood expectation‐maximization. Detector and reconstruction performance are characterized with point sources, Derenzo phantoms, and a body‐sized National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Image Quality (IQ) phantom for both 99mTc and 177Lu.

Results

Our SPECT design can resolve 7.9 mm rods for 99mTc (140 keV) and 9.5 mm for 177Lu (208 keV) in a hot‐rod Derenzo phantom with a 3‐min exposure and reach an image contrast of 78% for 99mTc and 57% for 177Lu using the NEMA IQ phantom with a 6‐min exposure. Our modified scatter correction shows an improved contrast‐recovery ratio compared to a standard correction.

Conclusions

In this paper, we demonstrate the good performance of our design for whole‐body imaging purposes. This adds to our previous demonstration of improved qualitative and quantitative 99mTc imaging of brain perfusion and 123I imaging of dopamine transport with respect to state‐of‐the‐art NaI dual‐head cameras. We show that our design provides similar IQ and contrast to the commercial full‐ring SPECT VERITON for 99mTc. Regarding 177Lu imaging of the 208 keV emissions, our design provides similar contrast to that of other state‐of‐the‐art SPECTs with a significant reduction in exposure. The high sensitivity and extended energy range up to 250 keV makes our SPECT design a promising alternative for clinical imaging and theranostics of emerging radionuclides.
Superconducting magnet designs and MRI accessibility: A review
Authors: Manso Jimeno Marina , Vaughan John Thomas , Geethanath Sairam
Published: March 2023

Presently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnets must deliver excellent magnetic field (B0) uniformity to achieve optimum image quality. Long magnets can satisfy the homogeneity requirements but require considerable superconducting material. These designs result in large, heavy, and costly systems that aggravate as field strength increases. Furthermore, the tight temperature tolerance of niobium titanium magnets adds instability to the system and requires operation at liquid helium temperature. These issues are crucial factors in the disparity of MR density and field strength use across the globe. Low‐income settings show reduced access to MRI, especially to high field strengths. This article summarizes the proposed modifications to MRI superconducting magnet design and their impact on accessibility, including compact, reduced liquid helium, and specialty systems. Reducing the amount of superconductor inevitably entails shrinking the magnet size, resulting in higher field inhomogeneity. This work also reviews the state‐of‐the‐art imaging and reconstruction methods to overcome this issue. Finally, we summarize the current and future challenges and opportunities in the design of accessible MRI.
Choosing wisely: Enteral feeding tube selection, placement, and considerations before and beyond the procedure room
Authors: Reddick Cynthia A. , Greaves June R. , Flaherty Janelle E. , Callihan Lindsey E. , Larimer Cara H. , Allen Sarah A.
Published: March 2023

When an enteral feeding tube (EFT) is placed, it is not always known how long this nutrition support intervention will be needed. As a result, the type of device the patient originally has placed may not match the function it is required to serve or the lifestyle needs of the patient throughout their enteral nutrition journey. Medicare considers an EFT a prosthetic device, as it is replacing a permanently inoperable or nonfunctioning organ. If we think about an EFT the same way we think about a prosthetic limb, one that needs to be customized to meet all of the patient's functional and lifestyle needs, we can also begin to think beyond the procedure room and carefully consider a variety of factors that impact the patient at home receiving enteral nutrition. Proper fit, function, and style is essential in order for the patient to have a positive relationship with their EFT, contributing to their successful home enteral nutrition experience. Clinicians who care for these patients in any setting and in any capacity would benefit from enhancing their understanding of available EFT options, their design components, and available methods of placement. Many home care and outpatient clinicians adopt the role of patient advocate as it relates to a patient's enteral nutrition journey, and this expanded knowledge could be used to benefit the patient by improving their overall enteral nutrition experience and ultimately their relationship with their “prosthetic.”
Nurse practice environment, perceived organizational support, general well‐being, occupational burnout and turnover intention: A moderated multi‐mediation model
Authors: Sheng Huiyang , Tian Dan , Sun Liying , Hou Yarong , Liu Xueli
Published: March 2023

Aims

To test the relationship between practice environment and turnover intention, considering the moderation of perceived organizational support (POS) and the mediation of general well‐being (GWB) and occupational burnout (OB) among the nurse population.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey design.

Methods

Based on a sample of 474 nurses from two hospitals between May 2020 and September 2021, a moderated multi‐mediation model was tested in which GWB and OB served as two mediators between practice environments and nurses' turnover intention, and POS was regarded as a moderator between practice environments and GWB.

Results

This current study supported a moderated multi‐mediation model where the relationship between practice environment and turnover intention (B = 0.33, p < 0.001) was mediated by GWB (B = 0.17, p < 0.001) and OB (B = 0.18, p < 0.001), and POS moderated the effect of practice environment and GWB (B = 0.19, p < 0.001).

Public Contribution

The findings of this study can inform the design of effective organizational support and meet nurse emotional needs programmes to reduce the turnover intention among nurses.
Evaluation of an Education Program on Community Orientation among Community Health Nurses in Fiji
Authors: Tanabe Sachiko , Hirano Kayoko , Yanagisawa Satoko , Ledua Silina Waqa , Tukana Mereani
Published: March 2023

Aim

The study objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of an education program to improve community orientation among community health nurses in Fiji. A 1.5‐day education program was developed that enabled participants to learn a concept through discussion, as they reviewed their experiences.

Design

This study used mixed methods research.

Methods

The education program involving 78 community health nurses and supervisors was conducted. The 30‐item Community Orientation among Community Health Nurses scale, six‐item program evaluation questionnaire, and participant reflection sheets were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Results

Program evaluations demonstrated high satisfaction among participants. The content analysis of participant views on community orientation revealed three categories; utilizing community intelligence in community activities, relationships with community members as a community health nurses, and human resource development tool. Our findings suggest that this education program should be held regularly, in conjunction with on‐the‐job and off‐site training.
Early warning scores and trigger recommendations must be used with care in older home nursing care patients: Results from an observational study
Authors: Jeppestøl Kristin , Kirkevold Marit , Bragstad Line K.
Published: March 2023

Aims

To explore modified early warning scores (MEWSs) and deviating vital signs among older home nursing care patients to determine whether the MEWS trigger recommendations were adhered to in cases of where registered nurses (RNs) suspected acute functional decline.

Design

Prospective observational study with a descriptive, explorative design.

Methods

Participants were included from April 2018 to February 2019. Demographic, health‐related and clinical data were collected over a 3‐month period.

Results

In all, 135 older patients participated. Median MEWS (n = 444) was 1 (interquartile range (IQR) 1–2). Frequently deviating vital signs were respiratory (88.8%) and heart rate (15.3%). Median habitual MEWS (n = 51) was 1 (IQR 0–1). Deviating vital signs were respiratory (72.5%) and heart rate (19.6%). A significant difference between habitual MEWS and MEWS recorded in cases of suspected functional decline was found (p = 0.002). MEWS' trigger recommendations were adhered to in 68.9% of all MEWS measurements.
UV‐induced mutagenesis of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) yields two hypervirulent isolates with different transcriptomic profiles
Authors: Sun Yan‐Xia , Zhang Bang‐Xian , Zhang Wen‐Ting , Wang Qian , Toufeeq Shahzad , Rao Xiang‐Jun
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) can infest over 300 plant species and cause huge economic losses. Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) is one of the most widely used entomopathogenic fungi (EPF). Unfortunately, the efficacy of B. bassiana against S. frugiperda is quite low. Hypervirulent EPF isolates can be obtained by ultraviolet (UV)‐irradiation. Here we report on the UV‐induced mutagenesis and transcriptomic analysis of B. bassiana.

RESULTS

The wild‐type (WT) B. bassiana (ARSEF2860) was exposed to UV light to induce mutagenesis. Two mutants (named 6M and 8M) showed higher growth rates, conidial yields, and germination rates compared to the WT strain. The mutants showed higher levels of tolerance to osmotic, oxidative, and UV stresses. The mutants showed higher protease, chitinase, cellulose, and chitinase activities than WT. Both WT and mutants were compatible with the insecticides matrine, spinetoram, and chlorantraniliprole, but incompatible with emamectin benzoate. Insect bioassays showed that both mutants were more virulent against S. frugiperda and the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. Transcriptomic profiles of the WT and mutants were determined by RNA‐sequencing. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and hub gene analysis revealed virulence‐related genes.

CONCLUSION

Our data demonstrate that UV‐irradiation is a very efficient and economical technique to improve the virulence and stress resistance of B. bassiana. Comparative transcriptomic profiles of the mutants provide insights into virulence genes. These results provide new ideas for improving the genetic engineering and field efficacy of EPF. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Minimal physiologically‐based hybrid model of pharmacokinetics in pregnant women: Application to antenatal corticosteroids
Authors: Krzyzanski Wojciech , Milad Mark A. , Jobe Alan H. , Jusko William J.
Published: March 2023

Minimal physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) models are an alternative to full physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models as they offer reduced complexity while maintaining the physiological interpretation of key model components. Full PBPK models have been developed for pregnancy, but a mPBPK model eases the ability to perform a “top‐down” meta‐analysis melding all available pharmacokinetic (PK) data in the mother and fetus. Our hybrid mPBPK model consists of mPBPK models for the mother and fetus with connection by the placenta. This model was applied to describe the rich PK data of antenatal corticosteroid betamethasone (BET) jointly with the limited data for dexamethasone (DEX) in the mother and fetus. Physiologic model parameters were obtained from the literature while drug‐dependent parameters were estimated by the simultaneous fitting of all available data for DEX and BET. Maternal clearances of DEX and BET confirmed the literature values, and the expected fetal‐to‐maternal plasma ratios ranged from 0.3 to 0.4 for both drugs. Simulations of maternal plasma concentrations for the dosing regimens of BET and DEX recommended by the World Health Organization based on our findings revealed up to 60% lower exposures than found in nonpregnant women and offers a means of devising alternative dosing regimens. Our hybrid mPBPK model and meta‐analysis approach could facilitate assessment of other classes of drugs indicated for the treatment of pregnant women.
PK/PD modeling and simulation of the in vitro activity of the combinations of isavuconazole with echinocandins against Candida auris
Authors: Caballero Unai , Eraso Elena , Quindós Guillermo , Vozmediano Valvanera , Schmidt Stephan , Jauregizar Nerea
Published: March 2023

In vitro combination of echinocandins and isavuconazole against the emerging species Candida auris is mainly synergistic. However, this combination has not been evaluated in clinical settings. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation approach based on in vitro data may be helpful to further study the therapeutic potential of these combinations. Therefore, the aims of this study were to characterize the time course of growth and killing of C. auris in response to the combination of the three approved echinocandins and isavuconazole using a semimechanistic model and to perform model‐based simulations in order to predict the in vivo response to combination therapy. In vitro static time‐kill curve data for isavuconazole and echinocandins combinations against six blood isolates of C. auris were best modeled considering the total killing of the fungal population as dependent on the additive effects of both drugs. Once assessed, the predictive performance of the model using simulations of different dosing and fungal susceptibility scenarios were conducted. Model‐based simulations revealed that none of the combinations at standard or higher dosages would be effective against the studied isolates of C. auris and it was predicted that the combinations of isavuconazole with anidulafungin or caspofungin would be effective for minimum inhibitory concentrations up to 0.03 and 0.06 mg/L respectively, whereas the combination with micafungin would lead to treatment failure. The current approach highlights the importance of bridging the in vitro results to the clinic.
Synthesis of Polyurethane/TiO2 Hybrid with High Encapsulation Efficiency Using One‐Step Miniemulsion Polymerization for Methylene Blue Degradation and its Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Metanawin Tanapak , Panutumrong Praripatsaya , Metanawin Siripan
Published: March 2023

We synthesized a new polymer‐inorganic hybrid miniemulsion, called PU/TiO2 hybrid, based on one‐step miniemulsion‐polyaddition techniques with different concentrations of anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2. Studies were carried out using a mixture of isophorone diisocyanate and bisphenol A, TiO2 (1–10 wt. %), sodium dodecyl sulfate (stabilizer), and hexadecane (co‐stabilizer). The stability, particle size, morphology, dye degradation, and antibacterial properties of PU and PU/TiO2 hybrid were investigated. The results show that the average hydrodynamic diameter of PU/TiO2 is in the range of 192–229 nm with a narrow size distribution. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) images demonstrated the well‐defined structure of the hybrids. The energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectrum was used to identify the elemental composition, and sharp peaks of C (82.7 wt. %), O (7.96 wt. %), and Ti (9.34 wt. %) were observed. The HR‐TEM and EDX results provide excellent proof of the formation of the PU/TiO2 hybrid. The photocatalytic activity of the PU/TiO2 hybrid showed that the PU/aTiO2 10 wt. % hybrid demonstrated the fastest degradation rate of 95.82 % organic dye at 30 min of reaction time under UV−A irradiation (365 nm). Both S. aureus and K. pneumoniae were used to determine antibacterial activity by measuring the reduction in bacterial growth against the control, and the PU/TiO2 hybrid exhibited excellent antibacterial properties.
Incorporation of Plants Extracts and Essential Oils into Starch‐Based Films: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Farooq Saqib , Mir Shabir Ahmad , Shah Manzoor Ahmad , Manickavasagan Annamalai , Sunooj Kappat Valiyapeediyekkal , Siddiqui Mohammed Wasim , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin
Published: March 2023

Given the global environmental issues associated with petroleum‐based packaging materials, developing green packaging films is a promising innovative approach to packaging food products. In this regard, starch films added with plant extracts and essential oils have been explored for different packaging types of food products. The availability of starch in nature makes starch films a cheap substitute for petroleum‐based packaging material, thus reducing the impact on the environment, packaging costs, and complexity. Recent investigations emphasize identifying and isolating natural ingredients from different plants for use in starch‐based green packaging. Plant extracts and essential oils influence the mechanical and barrier properties and impart antioxidant and antimicrobial properties to the developed films. These films show promising applications in the food industry. This review provides recent insights into the effects of plant extracts and essential oils on starch‐based green packaging films' properties.
A note on the asymptotic symmetries of electromagnetism
Authors: Fuentealba Oscar , Henneaux Marc , Troessaert Cédric
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We extend the asymptotic symmetries of electromagnetism in order to consistently include angle-dependent u(1) gauge transformations ϵ that involve terms growing at spatial infinity linearly and logarithmically in r, ϵ ~ a(θ, φ)r + b(θ, φ) ln r + c(θ, φ). The charges of the logarithmic u(1) transformations are found to be conjugate to those of the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) transformations (abelian algebra with invertible central term) while those of the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(r) transformations are conjugate to those of the subleading $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(r−1) transformations. Because of this structure, one can decouple the angle-dependent u(1) asymptotic symmetry from the Poincaré algebra, just as in the case of gravity: the generators of these internal transformations are Lorentz scalars in the redefined algebra. This implies in particular that one can give a definition of the angular momentum which is free from u(1) gauge ambiguities. The change of generators that brings the asymptotic symmetry algebra to a direct sum form involves non linear redefinitions of the charges. Our analysis is Hamiltonian throughout and carried at spatial infinity.
Scots pine responses to drought investigated with eddy covariance and sap flow methods
Authors: Dukat Paulina , Ziemblińska Klaudia , Räsänen Matti , Vesala Timo , Olejnik Janusz , Urbaniak Marek
Published: March 2023

Scots pine, as one of the dominant European tree species in the temperate zone, is experiencing intensified water deficits, especially in north-western and central Poland, where it suffers from frequent droughts and generally low precipitation. This work investigates drought impact on forest functioning, by analysing ecosystem transpiration under normal as well as dry conditions. Therefore, eddy covariance (EC) and sap flow measurements (using the thermal heat balance, THB, method) were combined to estimate transpiration (T) in two different-aged Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands in north-western Poland: Mezyk (ME; 26 years old) and Tuczno (TU; 67 years old). Transpiration (T) estimates regarding EC measurements were derived from gross primary productivity (GPP) fluxes and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) dependence, considering their common relationship with stomatal activity. In 2019, the year following severe drought in Poland and Europe in general, total annual transpiration estimated based on sap flow measurements (TSF) was significantly lower than EC-derived transpiration (TEC) at both sites. The total ratio of TSF/TEC for the growing season (March–August) was 0.64 and 0.41 at ME and TU, respectively. We thus speculate that the understory, which was more abundant in TU than in ME, and which could only be observed by the EC system, may be responsible for the observed discrepancies. Bigger differences between TSF and TEC occurred under dry and wet conditions, while both were fairly similar under moderate conditions. The analysis of the relationships between TSF and soil water content (SWC) at depth of 10 cm revealed that there is a thresholds (SWC ~ 3.5%) at which TSF starts to decrease sharply, presumably due to stomatal closure. However, the decrease in GPP fluxes at the same time was less pronounced, indicating the impact of additional non-stomatal factor on water conductivity. We generally conclude that care should be taken if the conclusion of the occurrence of drought stress of some plants is derived from a bulk evapotranspiration flux, as it is commonly done with EC measurements averaging over the whole ecosystem. Our results also support the notion that non-stomatal water losses are an important element during extreme dry conditions, and that these may appear not only when stomata are already closed.
Broadcasting revenue sharing after cancelling sports competitions
Authors: Bergantiños Gustavo , Moreno-Ternero Juan D.
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the partial or total cancellation of most sports competitions worldwide. Sports organizations crucially rely on revenues raised from broadcasting. How should the allocation of these revenues be modified when sports leagues are cancelled? We aim to answer that question in this paper by means of the axiomatic approach. Two extension operators (dubbed zero and leg operators, respectively) will play a major role in our analysis. We show that several combinations of axioms (formalizing ethical or strategic principles) characterize the image via those operators of two focal rules: the equal-split rule and concede-and-divide.
AAA interpolation of equispaced data
Authors: Huybrechs Daan , Trefethen Lloyd N.
Published: March 2023

We propose AAA rational approximation as a method for interpolating or approximating smooth functions from equispaced samples. Although it is always better to approximate from large numbers of samples if they are available, whether equispaced or not, this method often performs impressively even when the sampling grid is coarse. In most cases it gives more accurate approximations than other methods. We support this claim with a review and discussion of nine classes of existing methods in the light of general properties of approximation theory as well as the “impossibility theorem” for equispaced approximation. We make careful use of numerical experiments, which are summarized in a sequence of nine figures. Among our new contributions is the observation, summarized in Fig.  7, that methods such as polynomial least-squares and Fourier extension may be either exponentially accurate and exponentially unstable, or less accurate and stable, depending on implementation.
Matched comparison of decellularized homografts and bovine jugular vein conduits for pulmonary valve replacement in congenital heart disease
Authors: Bobylev Dmitry , Horke Alexander , Avsar Murat , Cvitkovic Tomislav , Boethig Dietmar , Hazekamp Mark , Meyns Bart , Rega Filip , Dave Hitendu , Schmiady Martin , Ciubotaru Anatol , Cheptanaru Eduard , Vida Vladimiro , Padalino Massimo , Tsang Victor , Jashari Ramadan , Laufer Günther , Andreas Martin , Andreeva Alexandra , Tudorache Igor , Cebotari Serghei , Haverich Axel , Sarikouch Samir
Published: March 2023

For decades, bovine jugular vein conduits (BJV) and classic cryopreserved homografts have been the two most widely used options for pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in congenital heart disease. More recently, decellularized pulmonary homografts (DPH) have provided an alternative avenue for PVR. Matched comparison of patients who received DPH for PVR with patients who received bovine jugular vein conduits (BJV) considering patient age group, type of heart defect, and previous procedures. 319 DPH patients were matched to 319 BJV patients; the mean age of BJV patients was 15.3 (SD 9.5) years versus 19.1 (12.4) years in DPH patients (p = 0.001). The mean conduit diameter was 24.5 (3.5) mm for DPH and 20.3 (2.5) mm for BJV (p < 0.001). There was no difference in survival rates between the two groups after 10 years (97.0 vs. 98.1%, p = 0.45). The rate of freedom from endocarditis was significantly lower for BJV patients (87.1 vs. 96.5%, p = 0.006). Freedom from explantation was significantly lower for BJV at 10 years (81.7 vs. 95.5%, p = 0.001) as well as freedom from any significant degeneration at 10 years (39.6 vs. 65.4%, p < 0.001). 140 Patients, matched for age, heart defect type, prior procedures, and conduit sizes of 20–22 mm (± 2 mm), were compared separately; mean age BJV 8.7 (4.9) and DPH 9.5 (7.3) years (p = n.s.). DPH showed 20% higher freedom from explantation and degeneration in this subgroup (p = 0.232). Decellularized pulmonary homografts exhibit superior 10-year results to bovine jugular vein conduits in PVR.
Lignocellulosic membrane grafted with 4-vinylpiridine using radiation chemistry: antimicrobial activity of loaded vancomycin
Authors: Flores-Rojas G. G. , Vázquez E. , López-Saucedo F. , Buendía-González L. , Vera-Graziano R. , Mendizabal E. , Bucio E.
Published: March 2023

Controlled synthesis of biomaterials with pH-responsive materials by radiation chemistry allows the development of new materials with fine-tuned properties that is affordable for simple production schemes and without potentially harmful chemicals. This work develops new lignocellulose-based materials with antimicrobial properties for wound dressing. The proposal was the radiation-grafting-induced of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) onto a lignocellulosic membrane from Agave salmiana (v. Maguey) to provide pH-response. The lignocellulose-based materials were suitable for the load and release of an antimicrobial glycopeptide drug, improving the drug load and a prolonged release. Finally, the loaded pH-responsive materials exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria at different pH. The new materials were characterized by several techniques such as thermogravimetric analyzes, contact angle, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopic, mechanical properties, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy, and microbiological tests.

Graphical abstract
A 5-Year Suicide Rate of Adolescents Who Enrolled to an Open Dialogue-Based Services: A Nationwide Longitudinal Register-Based Comparison
Authors: Bergström Tomi , Seikkula Jaakko , Gaily-Luoma Selma , Miettunen Jouko , Kurtti Mia
Published: March 2023

In the Open Dialogue (OD) based psychiatric services adolescent patients receive less medication and are more often treated within an outpatient setting as compared to standard services. An evaluation of the possible risks of implementing OD are required. The aim of this longitudinal register-based study was to evaluate how treatment under OD is associated with the probability of suicide as compared standard psychiatric care. Study included all 13- to 20-year-old adolescents who enrolled to a psychiatric service in Finland in 2003–2013. The OD-group included adolescents whose treatment commenced in the Western Lapland area (n = 2107), this being the only region where OD covered all psychiatric services. The comparison group (CG) included rest of Finland (n = 121,658). Information was gathered from onset of treatment to the end of the 5-year follow-up or death. In a multivariate Cox regression there were no statistically significant differences in 5-year suicide hazard ratios between OD and CG.
Policing the Crisis in the 21st Century; the making of “knife crime youths” in Britain
Authors: Williams Elaine
Published: March 2023

The terms ‘knife crime’ and ‘knife culture’ were first established in British crime discourse at the turn of 21st century and represent a particular re-making of youth in post-industrial Britain. The generational impacts of advanced neoliberalism have intensified conflict between marginalised young people in the UK as they compete for success in high-risk informal economies and navigate the normalised brutalities of everyday violence. However, the impact of extreme inequality and structural violence on children has not been central in the response to youth-on-youth knife homicides in the 2000s and 2010s. Instead, these decades have been characterised by punitiveness and surveillance, increasing discriminatory stop and search practices and extending powers that target and control young people. Through conjunctural analysis of the making of ‘knife crime youths’ in the UK, this paper considers how shifting forms of cultural racism have been able to rearticulate child violence as cultural deficit, using race once again to work through the contradictions of late capitalism. Applying a radical criminological understanding of deviance labelling as a specific response to crime, this paper asks: To what extent is the construction of ‘knife crime’ a continuation of Policing the Crisis in the 21st century? And why has this process been relatively uncritiqued by practitioners and academics that contribute to ‘knife crime’ discourse? Using document, archive and discourse analysis this paper presents a social history of ‘knife crime youths’, depicting the formative interactions that have so far been obscured by the matter-of-fact dominance of the label and its practices.
Occurrence of shoot blight disease, caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinss) Scholten, on cherry trees (Prunus avium) in Greece
Authors: Thomidis Thomas , Kazantzis Konstantinos
Published: March 2023

Shoot blight is a common stone fruit disease that occurs worldwide. The disease is most commonly identified in early spring, shortly after bud break. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans causing severe canker and shoot blight on cherry tree in Greece and worldwide. This study also investigated the effect of temperatures and moisture on the mycelial growth and conidial germination of C. destructans. It was found that a temperature range of 10 to 30 °C was adequate for mycelial growth and conidial germination, with 20 °C being the optimum. In addition, 6 h of continuous moisture at 20 °C was required to initiate conidial germination, and germination gradually increased as the duration of continuous moisture increased from 6 to 36 h, with no further increases observed up to 48 h. The pathogenicity and virulence of C. destructans to commercial cherry, plum, peach, apricot, apple and pear cultivars were also examined. The results of this study showed that C. destructans did not show host specificity as it was pathogenic to all peach, plum, apricot, pear and apple cultivars tested. Some differences in the level of susceptibility were found among cultivars evaluated.

Based on the above results, a logistic regression model could be developed that adequately describes the effects of pre-inoculation moisture and temperature on the infection incidence in cherry trees.
Managing changes in the environment of human–robot interaction and welfare services
Authors: Tuisku Outi , Parjanen Satu , Hyypiä Mirva , Pekkarinen Satu
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate decision-makers’ views on changes that robotics will create in welfare services. The purpose was also to discover what the opportunities and challenges are in human–robot interaction during these changes and how to manage these changes. As a research method, an online survey was used. The survey was sent to Finnish decision-makers (N = 184). They were divided into three groups: Techno-positive (n = 66), Techno-neutral (n = 47), and Techno-critical (n = 71). According to the results, more than 80% of the respondents saw that robots can offer support in existing work tasks, and more than 70% saw that the robots can do existing tasks. The most often mentioned challenges were the reduction of interaction and the reduction of human touch. Further, there are various knowledge needs among the respondents. Most of the knowledge needs were not based on the technical use of the robots; rather, they were quite scattered. The results suggest that successful use and implementation of robots in welfare services require a comprehensive plan and change agents. This study suggests that techno-positive people could act as change agents, assisting in implementing the changes. In addition, to manage change in the welfare services it is essential to improve the quality of the information, solve the resistance to change, create organizational awareness, and understanding, and establish a psychological commitment to change the processes.