bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved visualization of the magnetization canting induced by field-like spin–orbit torques
Authors: Finizio Simone , Wintz Sebastian , Mayr Sina , Huxtable Alexandra J. , Langer Manuel , Bailey Joe , Burnell Gavin , Marrows Christopher H. , Raabe Jörg
Published: November 2020

We report on the use of time-resolved scanning transmission x-ray microscopy imaging for the visualization of the dynamical canting of the magnetization induced by field-like spin–orbit torques in a perpendicularly magnetized microwire. In particular, we show how the contributions to the dynamical canting of the magnetization arising from the field-like spin–orbit torque can be separated from the heating-induced effects on the magnetization of the microwire. This method will allow for the imaging of the dynamical effects of spin–orbit torques in device-like structures and buried layers.
THz radiation generation in semiconductor–metal nanostructure exposed to femtosecond laser pulse of focused radiation
Authors: Grishkov V. E. , Uryupin S. A.
Published: November 2020

Generation of terahertz (THz) radiation under the ponderomotive action of a femtosecond laser pulse on a doped semiconductor layer deposited on a metal surface is studied. The spectral composition, radiation pattern, total energy, and shape of the generated THz radiation pulse are found. There is a peak in the emission spectrum at the electron plasma frequency in semiconductors transparent to THz radiation. The contribution to radiation from the plasma resonance region leads to a relative increase in the total energy and manifests itself in magnetic field oscillations at the stage of pulse switching off. Optimal generation conditions are realized when the focal spot size is comparable with the pulse length and skin depth. The stronger the focusing, the wider the THz radiation pattern. With weak focusing, THz radiation is mainly concentrated along the directions close to normal to the semiconductor surface. When an odd number of half-wavelengths of high-frequency radiation is stacked at twice the thickness of the semiconductor, the generation efficiency increases sharply. In particular, in GaAs and GaSb, the efficiency increases by more than two orders of magnitude.
Competitiveness of windmill grass (Chloris truncata) and feathertop Rhodes grass (Chloris virgata) in mungbean (Vigna radiata)
Authors: Manalil Sudheesh , Mobli Ahmadreza , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh
Published: November 2020

Windmill grass (Chloris truncata R.Br.) and feathertop Rhodes grass (Chloris virgata Sw.) are two weeds of the northern region of Australia that are rapidly expanding in range, being favoured by conservation agricultural systems and prevailing weed management using a narrow pool of herbicides. Information on competitiveness and seed-production dynamics of these weeds is lacking for mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), a major summer crop in the region. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of different densities of these weed species on crop yield of mungbean in the 2016–17 (2016) and 2017–18 (2017) seasons. Windmill grass reduced mungbean yields by 56% with 39 weed plants m–2 in 2016 and 55% with 47 weed plants m–2 in 2017. Windmill grass produced a maximum of 98708 seeds m–2 in 2016 and 118613 seeds m–2 in 2017, and there was 15–21% seed dispersal at crop harvest. Competition from feathertop Rhodes grass resulted in yield losses of 73% with 49 weed plants m–2 and 65% with 45 weed plants m–2. Feathertop Rhodes grass produced a maximum of 229514 seeds m–2 in 2016 and 367190 seeds m–2 in 2017, and seed dispersal at crop harvest was only 3–7%. Competition from both weed species resulted in a significant reduction in number of pods per m2, grains per pod and 1000-grain weight of mungbean. These results show that windmill grass and feathertop Rhodes are highly competitive against mungbean, and their timely management is crucial for minimising yield loss. Although both weeds produced a substantial number of seeds, seed dispersal at crop harvest was low, especially for feathertop Rhodes grass. The high weed-seed retention relative to maturity of mungbean may help in managing these problematic weeds through various means including weed-seed capturing and destruction
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication by blocking membrane fusion
Authors: Zang Ruochen , Case James Brett , Yutuc Eylan , Ma Xiucui , Shen Sheng , Gomez Castro Maria Florencia , Liu Zhuoming , Zeng Qiru , Zhao Haiyan , Son Juhee , Rothlauf Paul W. , Kreutzberger Alex J. B. , Hou Gaopeng , Zhang Hu , Bose Sayantan , Wang Xin , Vahey Michael D. , Mani Kartik , Griffiths William J. , Kirchhausen Tom , Fremont Daved H. , Guo Haitao , Diwan Abhinav , Wang Yuqin , Diamond Michael S. , Whelan Sean P. J. , Ding Siyuan
Published: November 2020

Significance

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), has swept the world in unprecedented speed. In a few months, SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people and caused tens of thousands of deaths. There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved antivirals or vaccines yet available and clinical treatments are limited to supportive therapies that help alleviate the symptoms. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify effective antivirals as countermeasures before safe and effective vaccines are developed, tested, and then produced on a large scale. Our approach is to harness the germline-encoded interferon antiviral response to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication thereby limiting its pathogenicity.
A complete rule set for designing symmetry combination materials from protein molecules
Authors: Laniado Joshua , Yeates Todd O.
Published: November 2020

Significance

Building nanoscale materials in a predictable way is a major goal in broad fields of molecular engineering. In pursuing that goal, protein molecules are gaining interest as a source of structurally defined, self-assembling building blocks, but methods and geometric rules for how they might be combined into novel materials have not been fully laid out yet. This work brings together ideas from structural biology, geometry, and group theory to articulate a complete rule set that describes all the kinds of protein-based materials that can be created by combining separate oligomeric components, thereby laying the foundation for an emerging area of science and biotechnology.
Foreign language motivation in primary education students
Authors: Gallardo-del-Puerto Francisco , Blanco-Suárez Zeltia
Published: November 2020

This article explores the effects of the type of instruction (Content and language integrated learning, CLIL, vs.
non-CLIL) and gender upon foreign language motivation in Primary Education learners in northern Spain. A total of 252 students with ages
ranging from 9–12 completed a questionnaire measuring different motivation components. Results showed that CLIL students seem to manifest
greater parental support and be more critical with their image as foreign language learners. Additionally, gender turned
out to be a more influential factor in non-CLIL learning settings, since non-CLIL males obtained worse results than their female
counterparts in overall motivation and intrinsic motivation. This gender effect was not observed in CLIL
classrooms, which potentially makes this learning approach a more egalitarian educational setting for both genders in terms of foreign
language motivation.
Mutual Restriction between Concurrence and Intrinsic Concurrence for Arbitrary Two-Qubit States
Authors: Zhou A-Long , Wang Dong , Fan Xiao-Gang , Ming Fei , Ye Liu
Published: November 2020

Concurrence is viewed as the most commonly approach for quantifying entanglement of two-qubit states, while intrinsic concurrence contains concurrence of four pure states consisting of a special pure state ensemble concerning an arbitrary two-qubit state. Thus, a natural question arises: Whether there is a specified relation between them. We firstly examine the relation between concurrence and intrinsic concurrence for the maximally nonlocal mixed state under a special unitary operation, which is not yet rigorously proved. In order to obtain a general result, we investigate the relation between concurrence and intrinsic concurrence using randomly generated two-qubit states, and derive an inequality relation between them. Finally, we take into account the relation between concurrence and intrinsic concurrence in open systems, and reveal the ratio of the two quantum resources, which is only correlated with the experiencing channels.
Universal Minimum Conductivity in Disordered Double-Weyl Semimetal*
Authors: Ning Zhen , Fu Bo , Shi Qinwei , Wang Xiaoping
Published: November 2020

We report an exact numerical study on disorder effect in double-Weyl semimetals, and compare exact numerical solutions for the quasiparticle behavior with the Born approximation and renormalization group results. It is revealed that the low-energy quasiparticle properties are renormalized by multiple-impurity scattering processes, leading to apparent power-law behavior of the self-energy. Therefore, the quasiparticle residue surrounding nodal points is considerably reduced and vanishes as Z
E ∞ Er
with nonuniversal exponent r. We show that such unusual behavior of the quasiparticle leads to strong temperature dependence of diffusive conductivity. Remarkably, we also find a universal minimum conductivity along the direction of linear dispersion at the nodal point, which can be directly observed by experimentalist.
Design of Lead-Free Films with High Energy Storage Performance via Inserting a Single Perovskite into Bi4Ti3O12
*
Authors: Wu Qiong , Wu Xin , Zhao Yue-Shun , Zhao Shifeng
Published: November 2020

We report a distinctive way for designing lead-free films with high energy storage performance. By inserting different single perovskite cells into Bi4Ti3O12, P–E hysteresis loops present larger maximum polarization, higher breakdown strength and smaller slim-shaped area. We prepared 0.15Bi7Fe3Ti3O21-0.5Bi4Sr3Ti6O21-0.35Bi4Ba3Ti6O21 solid solution ferroelectric films employing the sol-gel method, and obtained high energy storage density of 132.5 J/cm3 and efficiency of 78.6% while maintaining large maximum polarization of 112.3 μC/cm2 and a high breakdown electric field of 3700 kV/cm. Moreover, the energy storage density and efficiency exhibit stability over the temperature range from 20 °C to 125 °C, and anti-fatigue stability maintains up to 108 cycles. The films with a simple preparation method and high energy storage performance are likely to become candidates for high-performance energy storage materials.
Surface Modification for WSe2 Based Complementary Electronics*
Authors: Zhang Ming-Liang , Zou Xu-Ming , Liu Xing-Qiang
Published: November 2020

High-performance WSe2 complementary transistors are demonstrated on an individual flake by ozone exposure, which relies on the charge transfer mechanism. This technology is readily feasible for modulating the conductivity type in WSe2, and the p–n junction presents a high on-off ratio of 104. Based on robust p-type transistors and matched output current of n-type WSe2 transistors, the complementary inverter achieves a high voltage gain of 19.9. Therefore, this strategy may provide an avenue for development of high-performance complementary electronics.
A serial flexible humidity sensor based on graphene oxide fibers and quartz crystal resonator
Authors: Dong Hanyong , Le Xianhao , Pang Kai , Pang Jintao , Li Dongsheng , Xu Zhen , Gao Chao , Xie Jin
Published: November 2020

A serial flexible humidity sensor based on graphene oxide (GO) fiber and quartz crystal resonator (QCR) was proposed. The serial sensing structure was formed by electrically connecting the QCR with GO fiber embedded in textile in series. This structure became more adjustable by separating the transducing part and sensing part. The feasibility of the serial sensing structure was verified by simulation and experiment. Fabrication of GO fiber was introduced and the electrical properties of GO fiber responding to the relative humidity were measured. The QCR was excited at a frequency of 5.003 MHz. The total frequency shift of the sensor was 91 Hz from 10%RH to 90%RH with a hysteresis of 6.58%. The sensitivity was 2.98 Hz/%RH at 80%RH. The response time was 130 s and the recovery time was 36 s from 20%RH to 80%RH. The sensor has good stability with about 1% variation. This serial sensing structure has the potential to realize a humidity sensor with higher performance.
Relativistic coupled-cluster calculation of hyperfine-structure constants of La

2+
Authors: Li Fang , Ma Hong , Tang Yong-Bo
Published: November 2020

Using the singles and doubles approximated relativistic coupled-cluster method, we calculate hyperfine-structure constant A and B of 24 low-lying states of La2+. The results of the lowest four states 5d
3/2,5/2 and 4f
5/2,7/2 are compared with recently measured values (Olmschenk et al 2017 Phys. Rev. A
96 032502). Reasonable agreement is found for hyperfine-structure constant A of 5d
3/2 and 4f
5/2,7/2 states, but the hyperfine-structure constant A of 5d
5/2 and the hyperfine-structure constant B have a large deviation. To understand the role of the electron correlation effect, the intermediate results from lower-order many-body perturbation-theory and the linear version of coupled-cluster with single and double approximation are also presented. In the framework of coupled-cluster theory, the contribution trends from individual correlation effects are also investigated.
Nonlinear and thermo-optical characterisation of bare imidazolium ionic liquids
Authors: Ferreira Vinícius C , Marin Graciane , Dupont Jairton , Correia Ricardo R B
Published: November 2020

Nonlinear optical (NLO) and thermo-optical properties of two pure ionic liquids, BMIOMe.NTf2 and BMIOMe.N(CN)2, were examined in this study. This was the first nonlinear refractive index determination of a pristine ionic liquid by a standard self-refraction experiment. The NLO characterisations were performed using Z-scan and EZ-scan techniques in the thermally managed approach, with a mode-locked femtosecond laser source. Thermal properties were analysed concomitantly, and the thermo-optical coefficient, thermal characteristic time, and lens strength were characterised. These results define the parameters to be adopted in the method of nanoparticles formation by laser ablation in an ionic liquid solution and indicate that BMIOMe.NTf2 is a prominent material to be engineered for photonics applications.
Enhanced valleytronic properties in germanene by direct proximity to heavy metal layer
Authors: Qu Jinfeng , Luo Chaobo , Peng Xiangyang , Chen Guoxiang , Guo Shaoli , Zhong Jianxin
Published: November 2020

Germanene, though with Dirac valleys, is not deemed as a good valleytronic material due to its minute band gap, negligible spin–orbit coupling and spatial inversion symmetry. In comparison of interfacing germanene with MoS2, we proposed that forming heterostructure with Tl2S, an anti-MoS2 material with two outer heavy metal layers, could be more effective in raising spin–orbit coupling and band gap in germanene due to the direct Ge-metal contact. By carrying out first-principles calculations, we studied the valleytronic properties of germanene enhanced by monolayer Tl2S. It is found that the Ge–Tl direct interaction is strong to a proper extent so that the valleys of germanene still persist and simultaneously the valley gap is drastically increased from 23 to 370 meV. The valley spin splitting, being zero in pristine germanene, become 45 meV, which is opposite at inequivalent valleys owing to the time reversal symmetry. The inversion symmetry of germanene is broken by Tl2S, resulting in large Berry curvature near the valleys and hence laying the ground for Berry phase physics in germanene, e.g., valley spin Hall effect and valley–spin locking, as revealed in our study. The calculations found a perfect valley-selective circular dichroism, by which the valley and spin degrees of freedom can be manipulated selectively and correlatively.
Mn substitution effect on the local structure of La(Fe1−x
Mn
x
)AsO studied by temperature dependent x-ray absorption measurements
Authors: Hacisalihoglu M Y , Simonelli L , Marini C , Provino A , Martinelli A , Manfrinetti P , Putti M , Saini N L
Published: November 2020

The local structure of La(Fe1−x
Mn
x
)AsO has been investigated using temperature dependent Fe K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. The EXAFS data reveal distinct behavior of Fe–As and Fe–Fe atomic displacements with a clear boundary between x ⩽ 0.02 and x > 0.02. The Fe–As bondlength shows a gradual thermal expansion while the Fe–Fe bond manifests a temperature dependent anomaly at ∼180 K for x > 0.02. It is interesting to find characteristically different nature of Fe–As and Fe–Fe bondlengths shown by the temperature dependent mean square relative displacements. Indeed, the Fe–As bond, stiffer than that of the Fe–Fe, gets softer for x ⩽ 0.02 and hardly shows any change for x > 0.02. On the other hand, Fe–Fe bond tends to be stiffer for x ⩽ 0.02 followed by a substantial softening for x > 0.02. Such a distinction has been seen also in the As K-edge x-ray absorption near edge structure, probing local geometry around As atom together with the valence electronic structure. The results suggest that local atomic displacements by Mn substitution inducing increased iron local magnetic moment that should be the main reason for its dramatic effect in iron-based superconductors.
Optical design of InGaN/GaN nanoLED arrays on a chip: toward: highly resolved illumination
Authors: Kluczyk-Korch K , Palazzo D , Waag A , Diéguez A , Prades J D , Di Carlo A , der Maur M Auf
Published: November 2020

The physical laws of diffraction limit the spatial resolution of optical systems. In contrary to most superresolution microscopy approaches used today, in our novel idea we are aiming to overcome this limit by developing a spatially resolved illumination source based on semiconductor nanoscale light emitting diode (nanoLED) arrays with individual pixel control. We present and discuss the results of optical simulations performed for such nanoLED emitter arrays and analyze the theoretical limits of this approach. As possible designs we study arrays of GaN nanofins and nanorods (obtained by etching nanofin arrays), with InGaN/GaN multi quantum wells embedded as active regions. We find that a suitable choice of the array dimensions leads to a reasonably directed light output and concentration of the optical power in the near field around an activated pixel. As a consequence, the spatial resolution for this type of microscopy should only be limited by the pixel pitch, and no longer by the optical diffraction. Realization of optimized nanoLED arrays has a potential to open new field of chip based superresolution microscopy, making super-high spatial resolution ubiquitously available.
Construction of Z-scheme Ag/In2S3/ZnO nanorods composite photocatalysts for degradation of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Wei Junwei , Wei Shuoming , Chang Na , Wang Haitao , Zhang Jimei
Published: November 2020

Herein, Ag/In2S3/ZnO nanorods (NRs) composite photocatalysts were successfully prepared via simple methods. Significantly, hydroxyl radical active substances were found in the electron spin resonance tests of In2S3/ZnO NRs and Ag/In2S3/ZnO NRs, which indicates that the oxidation reaction that oxidizes water or hydroxide ions into hydroxyl radicals occurs on the valence band of ZnO NRs. It suggests that Z-scheme heterojunction was successfully constructed. In the photocatalytic experiments of degrading 4-nitrophenol (PNP), the Ag/In2S3/ZnO NRs composite exhibits higher photocatalytic activity than ZnO NRs, In2S3, Ag/ZnO NRs and In2S3/ZnO NRs. The characteristic peak of PNP disappears completely in 50 min. The enhanced photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction between ZnO NRs and In2S3. In addition, local surface plasmon resonance of Ag and Schottky junction formed between Ag and In2S3 also promote the photocatalytic activity.
High-performance mid-infrared photodetection based on Bi2Se3 maze and free-standing nanoplates
Authors: Luo Shi , Li JiaLu , Sun Tai , Liu Xiangzhi , Wei Dacheng , Zhou Dahua , Shen Jun , Wei Dapeng
Published: November 2020

The pursuit of optoelectronic devices operating in mid-infrared regime is driven by both fundamental interests and commercial applications. The narrow bandgap (0.3 eV) of layered Bi2Se3 makes it a promising material for mid-infrared photodetection. However, the weak absorption of mid-infrared optical power and high dark current level restrict its performance. Here, a supply-control technique is applied to modulate the growth mode of Bi2Se3 crystal, and Bi2Se3 crystals with various morphologies are obtained. The nanoplates pattern transits from maze to freestanding when source mass was tuned. Due to the strong infrared absorption and photoelectric conversion efficiency of vertical Bi2Se3 nanoplates, the as-prepared vertical Bi2Se3 nanoplates/Si heterojunction shows excellent photoresponse and extremely low dark current. Among these devices based on different Bi2Se3 morphologies, freestanding nanoplates show the optimal mid-infrared characteristics, namely a photo-to-dark ratio of 2.0 × 104, a dark current of 0.21 pA, a response time of 23 ms, a specific detectivity of 6.1 × 1010 Jones (calculated) and 1.2 × 1010 Jones (measured) under 2.7 μm illumination and at room temperature. Notably, the specific detectivity of our devices are comparable to commercial InGaAs photodetectors. With the tunable- morphology growing technique and excellent photoresponding characteristics, Bi2Se3 nanomaterials are worth attention in optoelectronic field.
Growth dynamics and compositional structure in periodic InAsSb nanowire arrays on Si (111) grown by selective area molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Ruhstorfer Daniel , Lang Armin , Matich Sonja , Döblinger Markus , Riedl Hubert , Finley Jonathan J , Koblmüller Gregor
Published: November 2020

We report a comprehensive study of the growth dynamics in highly periodic, composition tunable InAsSb nanowire (NW) arrays using catalyst-free selective area molecular beam epitaxy. Employing periodically patterned SiO2-masks on Si (111) with various mask opening sizes (20–150 nm) and pitches (0.25–2 μm), high NW yield of >90% (irrespective of the InAsSb alloy composition) is realized by the creation of an As-terminated 1 × 1-Si(111) surface prior to NW nucleation. While the NW aspect ratio decreases continually with increasing Sb content (x
Sb from 0% to 30%), we find a remarkable dependence of the aspect ratio on the mask opening size yielding up to ∼8-fold increase for openings decreasing from 150 to 20 nm. The effects of the interwire separation (pitch) on the NW aspect ratio are strongest for pure InAs NWs and gradually vanish for increasing Sb content, suggesting that growth of InAsSb NW arrays is governed by an In surface diffusion limited regime even for the smallest investigated pitches. Compositional analysis using high-resolution x-ray diffraction reveals a substantial impact of the pitch on the alloy composition in homogeneous InAsSb NW arrays, leading to much larger x
Sb as the pitch increases due to decreasing competition for Sb adatoms. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and associated energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy performed on the cross-sections of individual NWs reveal an interesting growth-axis dependent core–shell like structure with a discontinuous few-nm thick Sb-deficient coaxial boundary layer and six Sb-deficient corner bands. Further analysis evidences the presence of a nanoscale facet at the truncation of the (111)B growth front and {1-10} sidewall surfaces that is found responsible for the formation of the characteristic core–shell structure.
Denoising non-steady state dynamic PET data using a feed-forward neural network
Authors: Angelis G I , Fuller O K , Gillam J E , Meikle S R
Published: November 2020

The quality of reconstructed dynamic PET images, as well as the statistical reliability of the estimated pharmacokinetic parameters is often compromised by high levels of statistical noise, particularly at the voxel level. Many denoising strategies have been proposed, both in the temporal and spatial domain, which substantially improve the signal to noise ratio of the reconstructed dynamic images. However, although most filtering approaches are fairly successful in reducing the spatio-temporal inter-voxel variability, they may also average out or completely eradicate the critically important temporal signature of a transient neurotransmitter activation response that may be present in a non-steady state dynamic PET study. In this work, we explore an approach towards temporal denoising of non-steady state dynamic PET images using an artificial neural network, which was trained to identify the temporal profile of a time-activity curve, while preserving any potential activation response. We evaluated the performance of a feed-forward perceptron neural network to improve the signal to noise ratio of dynamic [11C]raclopride activation studies and compared it with the widely used highly constrained back projection (HYPR) filter. Results on both simulated Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission data of a realistic rat brain phantom and experimental animal data of a freely moving animal study showed that the proposed neural network can efficiently improve the noise characteristics of dynamic data in the temporal domain, while it can lead to a more reliable estimation of voxel-wise activation response in target region. In addition, improvements in signal-to-noise ratio achieved by denoising the dynamic data using the proposed neural network led to improved accuracy and precision of the estimated model parameters of the lp-ntPET model, compared to the HYPR filter. The performance of the proposed denoising approach strongly depends on the amount of noise in the dynamic PET data, with higher noise leading to substantially higher variability in the estimated parameters of the activation response. Overall, the feed-forward network led to a similar performance as the HYPR filter in terms of spatial denoising, but led to notable improvements in terms of temporal denoising, which in turn improved the estimation activation parameters.
Correlation between maximal radial muscle displacement and stiffness in gastrocnemius muscle
Authors: Labata-Lezaun Noé , López-de-Celis Carlos , Llurda-Almuzara Luis , González-Rueda Vanessa , Cadellans-Arróniz Aida , Pérez-Bellmunt Albert
Published: November 2020

Objective: Tensiomyography (TMG) and myotonometry (MMT) are two novel technologies that measure neuromuscular properties. These two devices measure the stiffness of the soft tissue as well as other variables. The aim of this study is to analyze if there is any correlation between maximal radial displacement (Dm) and Stiffness in the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles. Approach: An observational study was carried out in both of the limbs of 154 young adults (n = 154). The TMG and MMT neuromuscular response was measured in gastrocnemius medial and lateral muscles. Correlation coefficients were calculated to observe if there were any relationships between Dm and Stiffness. Differences between the dominant and the non-dominant sides and gender were assessed. Main results: Negative correlations between Dm versus Stiffness were found for the lateral (r = −0.278 and rho = −0.248) and medial gastrocnemius (r = −0.207 and rho = −0.163) in both dominant and non-dominant limbs respectively. Significance: A weak correlation between Dm and Stiffness may indicate that they assess different aspects of neuromuscular function. The MMT and TMG are independent tools, and their values cannot be extrapolated when assessing muscular stiffness. There might be some other factors that influence in this relationship; therefore, more studies are needed in order to better understand the correlation.
Effect of temperature on morphologies and optical study of ZnO thin films deposited by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition technique
Authors: Palve Anil M , Garje Shivram S
Published: November 2020

ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrates by an aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition method using Zn(II) semicarbazone complexes, ZnCl2(LH)2, (where LH = semicarbazones of cinnamaldehyde, 4-flouroacetophenone, benzaldehyde and 4-chlorobenzaldehyde) as precursors. X-ray diffraction patterns of as-deposited thin films show the formation of hexagonal ZnO (ICDD: 79-2205) at all the deposition temperatures, i.e. 350 °C, 400 °C and 450 °C. The UV–visible spectra show that the thin films are transparent in the visible range. The presence of the high intensity phonon mode at 438 cm−1 in the Raman spectra indicates the wurtzite phase of the ZnO thin films. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal the formation of different morphologies, hexagonal plates, nearly spherical particles and tetrapods at different temperatures. The roughnesses of the thin films were determined using atomic force microscopy.
SESAM-based mode-locked vortex Ti:sapphire laser using spot-defect spatial filter for intra-cavity mode selection
Authors: Tang Fanchun , Shi Biran , Zhang Quan , Zhou Changhe , Bu Yang , Li Jianlang
Published: November 2020

In virtue of the significance of ultrashort vortex pulses, a mode-locked LG01-mode vortex Ti:sapphire laser is first realized. In the study, an intra-cavity spot-defect spatial filter was used to suppress the TEM00 mode’s oscillation and a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror was used as the mode-locked device. As a result, the mode-locked laser emitted LG01-mode vortex pulses of 186 ps at 804.4 nm with a repetition rate of 78.95 MHz and a maximum average output power of 176 mW. The phase of the LG01 mode was measured by a Mach–Zehnder interferometer and both right- and left-handed helical wavefronts were obtained.
Positivity in electron-positron scattering: testing the axiomatic quantum field theory principles and probing the existence of UV states *
Authors: Fuks Benjamin , Liu Yiming , Zhang Cen , Zhou Shuang-Yong
Published: November 2020

We consider the positivity bounds on dimension-8 four-electron operators and study two related phenomenological aspects at future lepton colliders. First, if positivity is violated, probing such violations will revolutionize our understanding of the fundamental pillars of quantum field theory and the S-matrix theory. We observe that positivity violation at scales of 1-10 TeV can potentially be probed at future lepton colliders even if one assumes that dimension-6 operators are also present. Second, the positive nature of the dimension-8 parameter space often allows us to either directly infer the existence of UV-scale particles together with their quantum numbers or exclude them up to certain scales in a model-independent way. In particular, dimension-8 positivity plays an important role in the test of the Standard Model. If no deviations from the Standard Model are observed, it allows for simultaneous exclusion limits on all kinds of potential UV-complete models. Unlike the dimension-6 case, these limits apply regardless of the UV model setup and cannot be removed by possible cancellations among various UV contributions. This thus consists of a novel and universal test to confirm the Standard Model. We demonstrate with realistic examples how all the previously mentioned possibilities, including the test of positivity violation, can be achieved. Hence, we provide an important motivation for studying dimension-8 operators more comprehensively.
Impact of LHCb 13 TeV W and Z pseudo-data on the parton distribution functions *
Authors: Deng Qilin , Han Qundong , Yin Hang , Dulat Sayipjamal , Hou Tie-Jiun , Yuan C.–P.
Published: November 2020

We study the potential of the LHCb 13 TeV single W
± and Z boson pseudo-data for constraining the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton. As an example, we demonstrate the sensitivity of the LHCb 13 TeV data, collected with integrated luminosities of 5

and 300

, to reducing the PDF uncertainty bands of the CT14HERA2 PDFs, using the error PDF updating package EPUMP. The sensitivities of various experimental observables are compared. Generally, sizable reductions in PDF uncertainties can be observed in the 300

data sample, particularly in the small-x region. The double-differential cross section measurement of Z boson p
T and rapidity can greatly reduce the uncertainty bands of u and d quarks in almost the whole x range, as compared to various single observable measurements.
Solar image deconvolution by generative adversarial network
Authors: Xu Long , Sun Wen-Qing , Yan Yi-Hua , Zhang Wei-Qiang
Published: November 2020

With aperture synthesis (AS) technique, a number of small antennas can be assembled to form a large telescope whose spatial resolution is determined by the distance of two farthest antennas instead of the diameter of a single-dish antenna. In contrast from a direct imaging system, an AS telescope captures the Fourier coefficients of a spatial object, and then implement inverse Fourier transform to reconstruct the spatial image. Due to the limited number of antennas, the Fourier coefficients are extremely sparse in practice, resulting in a very blurry image. To remove/reduce blur, “CLEAN” deconvolution has been widely used in the literature. However, it was initially designed for a point source. For an extended source, like the Sun, its efficiency is unsatisfactory. In this study, a deep neural network, referring to Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), is proposed for solar image deconvolution. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model is markedly better than traditional CLEAN on solar images. The main purpose of this work is visual inspection instead of quantitative scientific computation. We believe that this will also help scientists to better understand solar phenomena with high quality images.
The effect of hydrodynamics alone on the subhalo population in a ΛCDM rich cluster sized dark matter halo
Authors: Jia Jun-Yi , Gao Liang , Qu Yan
Published: November 2020

We perform a set of non-radiative hydro-dynamical (NHD) simulations of a rich cluster sized dark matter halo from the Phoenix Project with three different numerical resolutions, to investigate the effect of hydrodynamics alone on the subhalo population in the halo. Compared to dark matter only (DMO) simulations of the same halo, subhaloes are less abundant for relatively massive subhaloes (M
sub > 2.5 × 109
h
−1
M
⊙, or V
max > 70 km s−1) but more abundant for less massive subhaloes in the NHD simulations. This results in different shapes in the subhalo mass/V
max function in two different sets of simulations. At given subhalo mass, the subhaloes less massive than 1010
h
−1
M
⊙ have larger V
max in the NHD than DMO simulations, while V
max is similar for the subhaloes more massive than the mass value. This is mainly because the progenitors of present day low mass subhaloes have larger concentration parameters in the NHD than DMO simulations. The survival number fraction of the accreted low mass progenitors of the main halo at redshift 2 is about 50 percent higher in the NHD than DMO simulations.
Accretion flow properties of XTE J1118+480 during its 2005 outburst
Authors: Debnath Dipak , Chatterjee Debjit , Jana Arghajit , Chakrabarti Sandip K. , Chatterjee Kaushik
Published: November 2020

We study spectral and temporal properties of Galactic short orbital period transient black hole XTE J1118+480 during its 2005 outburst using archival data of RXTE PCA and HEXTE instruments in the combined energy range of 3 – 100 keV. Spectral analysis with the physical two component advective flow (TCAF) model allows us to understand the accretion flow properties of the source. We found that this outburst of XTE J1118+480 is an unconventional outburst as the source was only in the hard state (HS). Our spectral analysis suggests that during the entire outburst, the source was highly dominated by the low angular momentum sub-Keplerian halo rate. Since the source was active in radio throughout the outburst, we make an effort to estimate X-ray contribution of jets to total observed X-ray emissions from the spectral analysis with the TCAF model. The total X-ray intensity shows a similar nature of evolution as that of radio and jet X-ray fluxes. This allowed us to define this ‘outburst’ also as a jet dominated ‘outburst’. Total X-ray flux is also found to subside when jet activity disappears. Our detailed spectral analysis also indicated that although the source was only in the HS during the outburst, in the late declining phase the spectrum became slightly softer due to the slow rise in the Keplerian disk rate.
Carbon star CGCS 673 identified as a semi-regular variable star
Authors: Brincat Stephen M. , Galdies Charles , Hills Kevin
Published: November 2020

This study reports that the carbon star CGCS 673 is a semi-regular (SR) variable star with a period of 135 d and an amplitude of 0.18 mag in the V-band. The light curve obtained by this study correlates well with the SR classification as the photometric data obtained show noticeable periodicity in the light changes of CGCS 673 that is occasionally interrupted by a period of irregular variability. The derived period and colour index obtained from our data and those from professional databases indicate that the attributes of this star fall within the parameters of the SR class of variable stars. Following our notification of the discovery that this star is a variable source, CGCS 673 has received the AAVSO Unique Identifier of (AAVSO UID) 000-BMZ-492.
The first photometric investigation of the contact binary OQ Cam
Authors: Guo Ya-Ni , Li Kai , Xia Qi-Qi , Gao Xing , Jiang Lin-Qiao , Liu Yuan
Published: November 2020

The first charge-coupled device photometric light curves in B, V, Rc
, and Ic
bands of the short-period contact binary star OQ Cam are presented. Through analyzing the light curves with the Wilson-Devinney code, it is found that OQ Cam is a W-type shallow contact binary star with a contact degree of f = 20.2%. Based on the O – C analyzing, the orbit period displays a long term increasing with a rate of dP/dt = 4.40 × 10−7 d yr−1. The increasing in orbit period can be interpreted by mass transfer from the less massive component to the more massive one. As the orbit period increases, OQ Cam would evolve from the present shallow contact configuration to a non-contact stage. So it may be a potential candidate to confirm the thermal relaxation oscillation theory.
Imaging atmospheric turbulence, using entropy to quantify turbulence strength
Authors: Feng Lu , Shen Zhi-Xia , Hu Jing-Yao
Published: November 2020

Vertical profile of turbulence strength (

C
n
2

) is one of the most important attributes for evaluating a site’s astronomical performances. Although seeing is commonly used for describing turbulence strength, it can only represent the integral of all layers of the turbulence above the observer. Other techniques which can be applied to produce

C
n
2

, such as DIMM-MASS, SCIDAR, etc., all rely on rather complex systems to do the measurements. In this paper, we present an idea to evaluate the relative strength of turbulence with entropies of short exposure images taken at different conjugated heights of the turbulence. Initial experimental results are also presented in the paper.
On the correctness of orbital solutions obtained from a small set of points. Orbit of HIP 53731
Authors: Mitrofanova Arina , Dyachenko Vladimir , Beskakotov Anatoly , Balega Yury , Maksimov Alexander , Rastegaev Denis , Komarinsky Sergey
Published: November 2020

HIP 53731 is a binary consisting of stars of the spectral types K0 and K9. The orbit of this object was constructed previously by Cvetković et al. and improved by Tokovinin. It should be noted that there is a 180° ambiguity in the position angles of some published measurements. Speckle interferometric observations were obtained in 2007–2020 (21 measurements) at the 6-m telescope of the SAO RAS (BTA) by the authors of this article. The analysis of new data together with previously published ones made it possible to construct an accurate orbit of HIP 53731 and to halve the already known values of the orbital period of the system. As a result of the study, the mass sum, the masses of each component and their spectral types were determined by two independent methods. According to the qualitative classification of orbits, the orbital solution has grade 2 – “good” (observations cover more than half of the orbital period and correspond to different phases).
Luminosity of a radio pulsar and its new emission death line
Authors: Wu Qing-Dong , Zhi Qi-Jun , Zhang Cheng-Min , Wang De-Hua , Ye Chang-Qing
Published: November 2020

We investigated the pulsar radio luminosity (L), emission efficiency (ratio of radio luminosity to its spin-down power

E
˙

), and death line in the magnetic field (B) versus spin period (P) diagram. We found that the dependence of pulsar radio luminosity on its spin-down power (

L
−

E
˙

) is very weak, shown as

L
∼

E
˙

0.06

, which deduces an equivalent inverse correlation between emission efficiency and spin-down power as

ξ
∼

E
˙

−
0.94

. Furthermore, we examined the distributions of radio luminosity of millisecond and normal pulsars and found that for the similar spin-down powers, the radio luminosity of millisecond pulsars is about one order of magnitude lower than that of the normal pulsars. The analysis of pulsar radio flux suggests that these correlations are not due to a selective effect but are intrinsic to the pulsar radio emission physics. Their radio radiations may be dominated by the different radiation mechanisms. The cut-off phenomenon of currently observed radio pulsars in B – P diagram is usually referred as the “pulsar death line”, which corresponds to

E
˙

≈

10

30

erg s−1 and is obtained by the cut-off voltage of electron acceleration gap in the polar cap model of pulsar proposed by Ruderman and Sutherland. Observationally, this death line can be inferred by the actual observed pulsar flux S ≥ 1mJy and 1 kpc distance, together with the maximum radio emission efficiency of 1%. However, the observation data show that the 37 pulsars pass over the death line, including the recently observed two pulsars with long periods of 23.5 s and 12.1 s, which violate the prediction of the polar cap model. At present, the actual observed pulsar flux can reach 0.01mJy by FAST telescope. This will arise the observational limit of spin-down power of pulsars as low as

E
˙

≈

10

28

erg s−1. This means that the new death line is downward shifted two orders of magnitude, which might be favorably referred as the “observational limit–line”. Accordingly, the pulsar theoretical model for the cut-off voltage of gap should be heavily modified.
A thick-disk galaxy model and simulations of equal-mass galaxy pair collisions
Authors: Arreaga-García Guillermo
Published: November 2020

We implement a numerical model reported in the literature to simulate the evolution of a galaxy composed of four matter components, such as: a dark-matter halo; a rotating disk of stars; a spherical bulge of stars and a ring of molecular gas. We show that the evolution of this galaxy model is stable at least for 10 Gyr (Gyr = 109 years). We characterize the resulting configuration of this galaxy model by figures of the circular velocity and angular momentum distribution; the tangential and radial components of the velocity; the peak density evolution and the radial density profile. Additionally, we calculate several models of equal-mass galaxy binary collisions, such as: (i) frontal and (ii) oblique (with an impact parameter), (iii) two models with initial conditions taken from a 2-body orbit and (iv) a very close passage. To allow comparison with the galaxy model, we characterize the dynamics of the collision models in an analogous way. Finally, we determine the de Vaucouleurs fitting curves of the radial density profile, on a radial scale of 0–100 kpc, for all the collision models irrespective of the pre-collision trajectory. To study the radial mass density and radial surface density profiles at a smaller radial scale, 0–20 kpc, we use a four-parameter fitting curve.
Towards human motor augmentation by voluntary decoupling beta activity in the neural drive to muscle and force production
Authors: Bräcklein M , Ibáñez J , Barsakcioglu D Y , Farina D
Published: November 2020

Objective. Effective human motor augmentation should rely on biological signals that can be volitionally modulated without compromising natural motor control. Approach. We provided human subjects with real-time information on the power of two separate spectral bands of the spiking activity of motor neurons innervating the tibialis anterior muscle: the low-frequency band (<7 Hz), which is directly translated into natural force control, and the beta band (13–30 Hz), which is outside the dynamics of the neuromuscular system. Main Results. Subjects could gain control over the powers in these two bands to navigate a cursor towards specific targets in a 2D space (experiment 1) and to up- and down-modulate beta activity while keeping steady force contractions (experiment 2). Significance. Results indicate that beta projections to the spinal motor neuron pool can be voluntarily controlled partially decoupled from natural muscle contractions and, therefore, they could be valid control signals for implementing effective human motor augmentation platforms.
Configuration characteristics of the Chinese First Quasi-axisymmetric Stellarator
Authors: Liu Haifeng , Shimizu Akihiro , Xu Yuhong , Okamura Shoichi , Kinoshita Shigeyoshi , Isobe Mitsutaka , Li Yangbo , Xiong Guozheng , Wang Xianqu , Huang Jie , Cheng Jun , Liu Hai , Zhang Xin , Yin Dapeng , Wang Y , Murase Takanori , Nakagawa Sho , Tang Changjian
Published: November 2020

The Chinese First Quasi-axisymmetric Stellarator (CFQS) will be the first operational quasi-axially symmetric stellarator in the world. The physical and engineering complexities led to the cancellation of two famous quasi-axisymmetric stellarators, CHS-qa and NCSX. Therefore, the major mission of the CFQS is to experimentally achieve the canonical quasi-axisymmetric configuration. The CFQS has been designed to possess a number of advanced features in fixed and free-boundary equilibria. It is a compact stellarator with an aspect ratio R/a ∼4.0. The neoclassical diffusion coefficient is similar to that of tokamaks in the collisionless regime. The MHD equilibrium of the CFQS configuration is stable up to volume-averaged normalized pressure β ∼1.1%. A region of the second ballooning stability exists in this facility with a large region of plasma, becoming second stable for β ∼2.7% in free-boundary equilibria. The gap between the first and second stability boundaries is very narrow, which is greatly beneficial for the CFQS operation in the second stable regime with high β plasma. A modular coil system with 16 coils is designed which robustly reproduces the standard quasi-axisymmetric magnetic field.
Evaluation and Influence Factor Analysis on Industrial Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry of Pearl River Delta
Authors: Guan Huaping , Li Zhuolan , Hu Langduo
Published: November 2020

This paper divides the manufacturing industry into four types, analyzes the development of four types of manufacturing industry in the Pearl River Delta(PRD), uses labor productivity as the evaluation index of industrial competitiveness, establishes panel data model to analyze the influencing factors of manufacturing industry competitiveness in the Pearl River Delta, draws research conclusions and puts forward suggestions. The results show that the capital intensive and technology intensive industries in the manufacturing industry of the Pearl River Delta have strong competitiveness, the competitive disadvantage of labor-intensive industries is gradually revealed, and the competitiveness of high-tech industries is gradually enhanced; the per capita equipment rate, average industrial scale, turnover rate of current assets and industrial added value rate all have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry of the Pearl River Delta.