bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
impact of supplementary short rest breaks on task performance – A meta-analysis
Authors: Wendsche Johannes , Lohmann-Haislah Andrea , Wegge Jürgen
Published: January 2021

Arbeitspausen sind wichtig, um eine Akkumulation kurzfristiger, negativer Beanspruchungsfolgen über den Arbeitstag vorzubeugen. In dieser Studie untersuchten wir, ob der Zeitverlust durch zusätzliche Kurzpausen vollständig leistungswirksam kompensiert wird. Wir führten eine Metaanalyse durch (k = 11, N = 705) und fanden signifikant positive Effekte zusätzlicher Kurzpausen auf die Arbeitsqualität (g = 0.23) und Arbeitsmenge (g = 0.12). Die mittlere Arbeitszeitverkürzung betrug 9.3 %. Wir fanden keine weiteren Einflüsse zahlreicher potenzieller Moderatorvariablen auf diesen Effekt. Die beobachteten Leistungssteigerungen erfolgten nicht auf Kosten höherer negativer psychischer und physischer Beanspruchungsfolgen. Unsere Studie belegt, dass sich die Leistung und das Wohlbefinden von Mitarbeitern durch mehr zusätzliche geplante Kurzpausen während der Arbeitszeit verbessern lassen. Zukünftige Untersuchungen sollten die entsprechenden Randbedingungen und Mechanismen genauer untersuchen.
Routinen der Angstbewältigung in Thomas Manns "Der Zauberberg"
Authors: Reinhard Nadja
Published: January 2021

Soll man in einer neuen Umgebung Ängste aushalten und ertragen, um neue Routinen der Angstbewältigung zu erlernen, oder schleunigst vor der Gefahr fliehen? In der hermetischen Welt seines Romans Der Zauberberg hat Thomas Mann Routinen mit ihrer kreisförmigen Wiederholungsstruktur der Zeit ebenso beschrieben wie die Ängste, die der lineare Fortschritt der Zeit im Prozess der Krankheit und der Gefährdung des Friedens trotz aller Verdrängungsversuche verursacht. Ob der ‚Held‘ des Romans den Krieg überleben wird, bleibt am Ende des Romans offen.
Informationen und Berichte
Authors: Fladischer Konstanze
Published: January 2021

„Elfriede Jelinek und die europäischen Literaturen“. Interdisziplinärer Workshop für NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen an der Kazimierz-Wielki-Universität Bydgoszcz, 4.-5.2.2016
Population Size Estimate of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Essex, New Jersey, To Inform Policy and Programming
Authors: Raymond Henry F. , Halkitis Perry N. , Menschner Christopher
Published: January 2021

Background

Population size estimates for key populations at risk for and living with HIV infection are key to understanding the need for and impact of HIV prevention and care. In this brief report we demonstrate approaches to estimating population size and unmet need for prevention and care among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in Essex County, New Jersey.

Methods

We employed literature/census denominator and component methods of size estimation. We applied additional data points available electronically or in the published literature to estimate the number of undiagnosed MSM, the number of HIV negative men MSM in need of prevention programming.

Results

We estimate a total of 11,362 MSM living in Essex County, New Jersey, of which 2,550 are HIV infected and of those 408 are not diagnosed. We estimate 8,812 HIV negative MSM in need of HIV prevention programs.

Conclusions

These estimates will allow future resources to be deployed in a more targeted and strategic manner, thereby bringing Essex County and New Jersey closer to achieving the 90-90-90 goals.
Does Social Support Predict Depressive Symptoms? A Longitudinal Study of Midlife and Older Men Who Have Sex with Men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Authors: Henderson Emmett R. , Egan James E. , Haberlen Sabina A. , Detels Roger , Teplin Linda A. , Friedman M. Reuel , Plankey Michael W. , Coulter Robert W.S.
Published: January 2021

The present study was designed to identify social support classes across time among midlife (40–64 years) and older (65+ years) gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM), and whether social support protects against depressive symptoms in this population. This study applied longitudinal latent class analysis across five visits on 1,329 individuals age 40 or older at baseline using data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Healthy Aging substudy collected from April 2016 to October 2018. We identified four classes of social support across time: Partner-centered, that is, high levels of support from one's primary partner(s) and moderate support from friends and family; Friend-centered, that is, high levels of support from friends and chosen family; Low, that is, low levels of support from all sources; and Robust, that is, high levels of support from all sources. We found differences in class membership by age, race/ethnicity, employment status, sexual identity, education, relationship status, and HIV status. Finally, compared to MSM in the low support class, men in the other classes had lower odds of depressive symptoms at the final visit. The most common type of social support was partner-centered, while the least common type was robust. These findings suggest that the presence of any social support, regardless of the source, protects against depressive symptoms.
Stigma as a Challenge To Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living With Hiv/Aids In Nigeria â€“ A Review
Authors: Obidiya Okuku Mary , Alali Dan-Jumbo
Published: January 2021

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) still remains a public health challenge in Nigeria as people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) do not adhere to their antiretroviral therapy (ART). Stigma is considered as a strong reason why people living with HIV/AIDS do not access HIV clinics and thus do not adhere to their treatment regimen. The objective of this study is to determine if stigmatisation affects adherence to ART. A comprehensive literature search of databases such as Medline, BioMed Central, Global Health (CABI), PUBMED, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection and BMJ Best Practice was done to retrieve articles relevant for the study. Eleven (11) primary articles â€“ descriptive cross-sectional surveys (from 2008 to 2020 - adults 19 years and above) of studies conducted in Nigeria which met the inclusion criteria was selected and reviewed. The result showed that low self esteem (internalized stigma), facility based (status disclosure), community based (hostility & restriction in family events), family based (not sharing cutleries / toilet facilities) and workplace based stigma (isolation by co-workers & threats of employment termination) contributed to non-adherence to ART. Sex workers do not feel free accessing HIV services due to fear of possible shaming and blaming by the service providers. The introduction of HIV and AIDS AntiDiscrimination Act 2014 enhance the protection of the fundamental rights of these PLWHA. The review concludes that stigma is a key factor to non-adherence to ART in Nigeria. This study recommends adoption of human rights approach, strengthening of Anti-Discrimination Laws and future research on inclusion of family members in the treatment of PLWHA in Nigeria to promote their adherence to ART.
DetecciÃ³n De Perfiles De Rendimiento AcadÃ©mico En La Universidad Nacional Del Este De Paraguay
Authors: MartÃ­nez David L. La Red , Gabriela M. Bobadilla , Lourdes Delgado , Katia Ayala
Published: January 2021

La universidad enfrenta actualmente el desafÃ­o de mejorar su proceso de enseÃ±anza-aprendizaje. Entre las variables que debe atender se encuentra el perfil de rendimiento acadÃ©mico de sus estudiantes. Estudios sobre este tema muestran que hay diversas formas de evaluar esta variable, que pueden variar segÃºn el contexto regional y la realidad social. Ante este problema, en este trabajo se propuso la detecciÃ³n temprana de perfiles de alumnos de la Universidad Nacional del Este, mediante tÃ©cnicas de minerÃ­a de datos. Se aplicaron las tÃ©cnicas denominadas â€œagrupamientoâ€ (clustering) y â€œÃ¡rboles de decisiÃ³nâ€ (decision trees) sobre datos consolidados de 1801 alumnos. Estos datos fueron cargados en un almacÃ©n de datos. Se observÃ³ que las variables: â€œgrado educacional de los padresâ€ y â€œactitud hacia el estudioâ€; son algunas de las que mÃ¡s inciden en el rendimiento acadÃ©mico de los alumnos. AdemÃ¡s, se aporta informaciÃ³n que puede asistir a la toma de decisiÃ³n.
The university currently faces the challenge of improving its teaching-learning process. Among the variables it must address is the academic performance profile of its students. Studies on this topic show that there are various ways to evaluate this variable, which can vary according to the regional context and social reality. In view of this problem, this work proposes the early detection of student profiles at the Universidad Nacional del Este, through data mining techniques. Techniques â€œclusteringâ€ and â€œdecision treesâ€ were applied on consolidated data of 1801 students. These data were loaded in a data warehouse. It was observed that variables: â€œparents' educational gradeâ€ and â€œattitude towards studyâ€; are some of the ones that more affect the academic performance of the students. In addition, information is provided that can assist in decision making.
Estimation Of Runoff And Erosion Rates Using Agwa - Kineros2 Model: Application To A Mediterranean Watershed
Authors: Sanae El Harche , Mohamed Chikhaoui , Mustapha Naimi
Published: January 2021

The Mediterranean area is classified as a region highly threatened by water erosion, which depends largely on climatic aggressiveness, erodible soils, sparse vegetation, and irrational human activity. Tleta watershed belongs to a young mountain ridge (Rif), readily erodible and highly vulnerable to water erosion. To assess the extent of this phenomenon, AGWA tool coupled with KINEROS2 (K2) model was used to predict the specific degradation and the hydrological functioning of the studied watershed. The data required consisted of topography, land use, soil type, and precipitation. The model simulations will make it possible to estimate the sediment load deposited at the Ibn Batouta dam, which results from upstream erosion. The evaluation criteria for the predictive skill of K2 model when comparing observed and simulated data are the coefficient of determination (R2) and the Nashâ€“Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE). These two coefficients are respectively (RÂ² = 0.99, NSE = 0.71) and (RÂ² = 0.99, NSE = 0.72) for runoff and sediments yield for calibration. For the validation process, these two coefficients are (RÂ² = 0.99 and NSE = 0.98) for runoff and (RÂ² = 0.99 and NSE = 0.97) for sediments yield. This allows us to conclude that the predictive accuracy of the model is promising.
Machine Learning for Predictive Modelling of Ambulance Calls
Authors: Yu Miao , Kollias Dimitrios , Wingate James , Siriwardena Niro , Kollias Stefanos
Published: January 2021

A novel machine learning approach is presented in this paper, based on extracting latent information and using it to assist decision making on ambulance attendance and conveyance to a hospital. The approach includes two steps: in the first, a forward model analyzes the clinical and, possibly, non-clinical factors (explanatory variables), predicting whether positive decisions (response variables) should be given to the ambulance call, or not; in the second, a backward model analyzes the latent variables extracted from the forward model to infer the decision making procedure. The forward model is implemented through a machine, or deep learning technique, whilst the backward model is implemented through unsupervised learning. An experimental study is presented, which illustrates the obtained results, by investigating emergency ambulance calls to people in nursing and residential care homes, over a one-year period, using an anonymized data set provided by East Midlands Ambulance Service in United Kingdom.
HBV, HCV, HIV & TB Prevalence in Injection Drug Users in Major Cities of Punjab, Pakistan- a Survey-Based Research Report
Authors: Ali Ghafran , Sharif Mukarram , Jabeen Alina , Kabira Muhammad Usman , Ashfaq Kanza
Published: January 2021

High prevalence of various infectious diseases including but not limited to HCV, HBV and HIV alongside TB in Pakistani population indicates there must be similarly high prevalence of these, if not higher, amongst (intravenous drug users) IDUs serve as a reservoir for infectious diseases, blood borne as well as others due to injection abuse, poor hygiene and bad quality of life. This continues to be a serious threat in spreading out of these diseases, decreased health quality of the society and increased death rate. This survey study was conducted to check the prevalence of HCV, HBV, HIV and TB in several drug rehabilitation centers in Punjab region of Pakistan. 78 centers were either visited or contacted via phone and 21 out of them cooperated to share their data. An analysis of respondent centers returned useable data revealed that only 7.2% patient were found positive for Hepatitis B. While, 33.23% patients were positive for HCV, 8.74% patients were positive for HIV and 0.87% were positive for TB. What is worrisome is the absence of proper periodic screenings for these as well as other potential infections. Also we found out that upon diagnosis of these diseases mostly rehabilitation centers refuse admittance, which aggravates the problem further as well as leaves those IDUs and their families helpless, who are looking for it. Majority of the respondent centers, doctors, psychologists believed that the patients, partner of the patients and their immediate family members must be offered for infection screenings regularly.
PENERAPAN NATURE-BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGKLASIFIKASI PADA ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN
Authors: Suryani Nur Endah , Syamsuddin Muhammad Munif , Dewi Nurul Kusuma
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK

 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan nature-based learning dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mengklasifikasi pada anak usia 4-5 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan di TK Angkasa Lanud Adi Soemarmo Colomadu. Jenis penelitian ini  adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Prosedur penelitian ini terdiri dari :  perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, tes dan dokumentasi.  Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok A berjumlah 20 anak. Uji validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik.  Teknik analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan berupa teknik analisis data komparatif untuk membandingkan presentase dari hasil tindakan tiap siklus serta analisis kualitatif interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan melalui penerapan nature-based learning mampu meningkatkan kemampuan mengklasifikasi pada anak usia 4-5 tahun. Peningkatan dapat dilihat melalui meningkatnya kemampuan mengklasifikasi anak yaitu mengklasifikasi warna, mengklasifikasi ukuran dan mengklasifikasi benda berpasangan 2 variasi.                                                                     
 Kata kunci : Kemampuan mengklasifikasi, nature-based learning, anak usia 4-5 tahun

 

ABSTRACT

 

This research aims to know the nature-based learning application to increase the classification ability of children age 4-5 years old. This research was conducted at Tk Angkasa Lanud Adi soemarmo Colomadu. The type of this research is classroom action research with quantitative and qualitative approach. The procedure of this research divided into : planning, action, observation and  reflection. The technique of collecting data are observation,  interview,  test and documentation. The subject of this research are group of children that 20 child. The validity test of data are source triangulation and technique triangulation. The quantitative data are analyzed by comparative data analyze technique,  to compare the percentage of action result each cycle,  and analyzed by interactive qualitative. The result of the research show that nature based learning application capable to increase the classification ability of children age 4-5 teara old. Improvement can be seen by means of increasing the classification ability of children are classify the colour, classify the size,  and classify the match things two variation.

Keywords : classifying ability, nature based learning, children aged  4-5 years.
What Determines Young People to Follow Influencers? The Role of Perceived Information Quality and Trustworthiness on Users’ Following Intentions
Authors: Balaban Delia , Iancu Ioana , Mustățea Maria , Pavelea Anișoara , Culic Lorina
Published: January 2021

Social media is associated with the rise of new types of celebrities called influencers, who share their current experiences and ideas and often endorse brands. Developing and keeping a large community of followers is one of the most important goals of influencers. The size of their audiences is one of the elements that make them relevant to the advertising industry. The main objective of the present research is to explore the mechanism that determines users’ online behavior related to influencers, such as following them on social media. Moreover, the study examined the role of the perceived information quality and of the perceived trust of the influencers in shaping audiences’ attitudes toward influencers. The moderating role of the frequency of Instagram and YouTube use on the relationship between perceived information quality and trustworthiness was explored by conducting an online survey (N=1088). The main takeaway from the study is that influencers who want to grow their audiences have to create perceived quality content. This can contribute to both positive attitudes and the development of trust. Also, the frequency of Instagram use has a small moderating role, while the frequency of YouTube use has no effects on the trustworthiness of the influencers.
Anime as Japanese Intercultural Communication: A Study of the Weeaboo Community of Indonesian Generation Z and Y
Authors: Hidayat Debra , Hidayat Z.
Published: January 2021

Acculturation today does not only occur due to direct physical interaction between two different cultural groups, but rather, it is due more to online interaction. Cultural interaction also raises the imitation of the visual aspects of popular commodities, such as films being cultural products. This study aims to explore subcultures and identity communication built and maintained in the weeaboo fandom community outside of Japan. It also analyzes the daily experiences of individuals in interacting within the community and outside of it. This study uses a qualitative phenomenological approach through detailed observation, in-depth interviews, and analysis of community interactions on social media. Because weeaboo’s scope is anime fans in various countries other than Japan, the sources and participants of this study were drawn mainly from Indonesia. The results showed that the weeaboo subculture arose between millennials and generation Z anime lovers. These cohorts began to recognize anime and form communities from childhood with those with the same habits, so similar characters and preferences emerge. Acculturation occurs in contiguity between two primary cultures where a new culture is born. In the context of anime, there is acculturation between Japanese culture (home culture) with the culture of a different country, as anime fans in the community do their routines and habits differently from the anime home country (Japan) in the host country (outside Japan). This study found that the weeaboo subculture of Indonesian Generation Z and Y is shaped by acculturation in intercultural communication such as in language, expressions, fashion, accessories, make-up, hairstyle, cuisine, group attitudes, values, and natural and cultural preferences of Japanese destinations. Based on the findings, further research can continue to analyze other aspects that are affected by the weeaboo community, such as international relations, economic aspects, and the Japanese tourism industry.
Extensive antimicrobial resistance and plasmid-carrying resistance genes in mcr-1-positive E. coli sampled in swine, in Guangxi, South China
Authors: Yuan Jingzhi , Wang Xiaoye , Shi Dali , Ge Qiang , Song Xingxing , Hu Wen , Wei Deyuan , Ge Chenling , Li Xun , Hu Chuanhuo
Published: January 2021

Background: The discovery of the superbug mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPEC) has attracted worldwide attention. Swine-origin multi-drug resistant MCRPEC is a potential threat to public health and safety. To date, few detailed studies have been reported on swine MCRPEC in Guangxi, South China.Results: In this study, thirty-three MCRPEC strains were identified from 142 E. coli strains isolated from 116 samples in Guangxi in 2018. All MCRPEC isolates were classified into eight unique STs and a total of six incompatibility plasmid groups (IncFI, IncHI1, IncY, IncN, IncI1 and IncX1) were found. Then, susceptibility of MCRPEC isolates to 27 antimicrobial agents belonging to 17 antimicrobial categories was tested. There were nineteen 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins resistant E. coli and twelve carbapenem resistant E. coli among the 33 MCRPEC strains. Importantly, the MCRPEC were highly resistant to two carbapenem antibiotics, imipenem and meropenem, which were not permitted for use in livestock production. Three MCRPEC strains were further identified to be extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and the other isolates were recognized as multi-drug-resistant (MDR). Moreover, we detected whether the plasmid-carrying resistance genes coexist with the mcr-1 gene of the MCRPEC isolates. At last, β-lactamase antimicrobial resistance genes such as ESBL genes (blaCTX-M14, blaCTX-M24, blaCTX-M123, blaOXA-1), plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) gene (blaCMY-2), and the carbapenem gene blaNDM-5 were detected. In addition, non-β-lactamase antimicrobial resistance genes such as qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, floR, aadA were also detected.Conclusion: Thirty-three mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates in Guangxi had a wide range of antimicrobial resistance. Plasmid-carrying resistance genes might be the main cause of MCRPEC multidrug resistance. This study highlighted the necessity for long-term surveillance of mcr-1-positive E. coli in pigs.
Effects of social support, hope and resilience on depressive symptoms within 18 months after diagnosis of prostate cancer
Authors: Zhao Xinxin , Sun Ming , Yang Ye
Published: January 2021

Background The prevalence of depression symptoms and related modifiable factors in prostate cancer (PCa) are not well evaluated. We aimed to assess the effects of perceived social support, hope and resilience on depressive symptoms within 18 months after diagnosis of PCa, and to evaluate the role of hope and resilience as mediators of that relationship.Method A cross-sectional study was analyzed in consecutive inpatients with PCa during the months of January 2018 and August 2019. A total of 667 patients eligible for this study completed questionnaires on demographic and clinic variables, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Adult Hope Scale, and Resilience Scale (14 items). All registered patients were all volunteers and anonymous. Depressive symptoms, perceived social support, hope and resilience were measured anonymously. Out of 667 patients, a total of 564 effective respondents (< 30% missing data) became our subjects. Hierarchical linear regression was used to identify the factors associated with depressive symptoms. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to conduct the mediating effects of hope and resilienceResults The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 65.9% in PCa patients. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that perceived social support, hope, and resilience together accounted for 27.5% variance of depressive symptoms. Support from family, hope, and resilience significantly associated with depressive symptoms, respectively. Hope (a*b = -0.0783, BCa95% CI:-0.134 to -0.0319, p < 0.05), and resilience (a*b = -0.1315, BCa95% CI:-0.1894 to -0.0783, p < 0.05) significantly mediated the association between perceived social support and depressive symptoms.Conclusions The high prevalence of depressive symptoms among PCa patients should receive more attention. Perceived social support, hope and resilience could be positive resources for combating depressive symptoms, and hope and resilience mediated the association between perceived social support and depressive symptoms. Enhancing social support, particularly the support form family, and improving patients’ outlook and resilience may be potential targets for future psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms.
Corona children studies "Co-Ki": First results of a Germany-wide registry on mouth and nose covering (mask) in children
Authors: Schwarz Silke , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Krafft Hanno , Maurer Tobias , Martin David
Published: January 2021

Background: Narratives about complaints in children and adolescents caused by wearing a mask are accumulating. There is, to date, no registry for side effects of masks.Methods: At the University of Witten/Herdecke an online registry has been set up where parents, doctors, pedagogues and others can enter their observations. On 20.10.2020, 363 doctors were asked to make entries and to make parents and teachers aware of the registry.Results: By 26.10.2020 the registry had been used by 20,353 people. In this publication we report the results from the parents, who entered data on a total of 25,930 children. The average wearing time of the mask was 270 minutes per day. Impairments caused by wearing the mask were reported by 68% of the parents. These included irritability (60%), headache (53%), difficulty concentrating (50%), less happiness (49%), reluctance to go to school/kindergarten (44%), malaise (42%) impaired learning (38%) and drowsiness or fatigue (37%).Discussion: This world's first registry for recording the effects of wearing masks in children is dedicated to a new research question. Bias with respect to preferential documentation of children who are particularly severely affected or who are fundamentally critical of protective measures cannot be dismissed. The frequency of the registry’s use and the spectrum of symptoms registryed indicate the importance of the topic and call for representative surveys, randomized controlled trials with various masks and a renewed risk-benefit assessment for the vulnerable group of children: adults need to collecticely reflect the circumstances under which they would be willing to take a residual risk upon themselves in favor of enabling children to have a higher quality of life without having to wear a mask.
Comparative Study of Children's' Blood Sugar in Fluid Therapy with Dextrose Saline, Ringer and Normal Saline 9.0% Serums and its Relationship with Depth of Anesthesia in Elective Surgery
Authors: nanaei Farhad , Moghadam Morteza Habibi , eslamifar Zahra , bahrami Hadi , Bigdeli Mohammad Hasan , sekhavatpour Zohreh
Published: January 2021

Background: This study was aimed to determine the children's' blood sugar level in fluid therapy with DSS, RSand NS 0.9% serums and its relationship with the depth of anesthesia in elective surgery.Method: This double-blind experimental study was performed with 90 children referred to the surgical ward, including: group A (receiving DSS), group B (receiving NS 0.9%) and group C (receiving RS) that the blood sugar of each group in 5 steps was measured: half an hour before induction of anesthesia, during induction of anesthesia, half and one hour after induction of anesthesia and after complete awakening in recovery. In addition, the monitoring the vital signs, measuring depth of anesthesia, pulse oximetry and electrocardiogram were performed for all groups.Results: The results showed that the mean blood sugar in the 5 steps measured had a significant difference in three groups under study (P <0.05). The mean blood sugar in the group receiving DSS was significantly higher than the two groups receiving RS and NS 0.9%. Also the mean depth of anesthesia in three groups did not show a significant difference.Conclusion: Finally, according to this study, the use of DSS from the beginning of anesthesia, RS half an hour after the start of anesthesia and NS 0.9% one hour after the start of anesthesia can increase blood sugar in children. Therefore, the use of DSS is not recommended due to the stressful nature of anesthesia and operating room and the possibility of hyperglycemia.
Modeling, Analysis, and Comparison of Nanotechnology System: A Graph-Theoretic Approach
Authors: Singh Tanvir
Published: January 2021

Nanotechnology can create many new nanomaterials and nanodevices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, electronics, biomaterials, and energy production, etc. An attempt is made to develop an integrated systems model for the structure of the nanotechnology system in terms of its constituents and interactions between the constituents and processes, etc. using graph theory and matrix algebra. The nanotechnology system is first modeled with the help of graph theory, secondly by variable adjacency matrix and thirdly by multinomial (which is known as a permanent function). The permanent function provides an opportunity to carry out a structural analysis of nanotechnology system in terms of its strength, weakness, improvement, and optimization, by correlating the different systems with its structure. The physical meaning has been associated with each term of the permanent function. Different structural attributes of the nanotechnology system are identified concurrently to reduce cost, time for design and development, and also to develop a graph-theoretic model, matrix model, and multinomial permanent model of nanotechnology system. The top-down approach for a complete analysis of any nanotechnology systems is given. The general methodology is presented for the characterization and comparison of two nanotechnology systems.
Construction of Rice Under Dry Cultivation Dominant Population by Interaction of Seeding Rate and Nitrogen Rate
Authors: Jiang Hao , Thobakgale Tebogo , Li Yunzhe , Liu Liwei , Su Qingwang , Cang Baifeng , Bai Chenyang , Li Jiayi , Song Ze , Wu Meikang , Wang Dongchao , Cui Jingjing , Wei Xiaoshuang , Wu Zhihai
Published: January 2021

In order to construct the dominant population of rice under dry cultivation, the external characteristics of the population and the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of the upper three leaves were investigated. In this study, a double factor interaction method of seeding rate and nitrogen rate was used to construct the dominant population of rice under dry cultivation. We determined 195 kg·ha-1 seeding rate and 140 kg·ha-1 nitrogen rate as the appropriate configuration. To achieve high yield, high nitrogen utilization and moderate morphological characteristics by coordinating the comprehensive advantages of population spike number and spike grain number, and to increase the photosynthetic potential of the population by coordinating the reasonable distribution of light energy in the upper three leaves to construct the dominant population of rice under dry cultivation. Photosynthetic potential of 105.55m2·d/m2, light energy interception rate of 31.21% in the inverted second leaf and plant height of 101 cm at 10 days after flowering were important external characteristics of the dominant population of rice under dry cultivation. The ability of the inverted second leaf to intercept light energy is the basis for ensuring the photosynthesis of the population. The simultaneous coordination of photosynthetic enzyme activity, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in the inverted second leaf is an important physiological characteristic of the photosynthetically dominant group. The variation of photosynthetic physiological indexes in the inverted second leaf was characterized by ‘from genes to enzyme activity to net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll, and the spatial variation was from the upper leaves to the lower leaves’. ‘ Protect the flag, promote the second, stabilize the third ’ (Maintaining photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf , promoting photosynthetic enzyme activity in the inverted second leaf, and stabilizing photosynthetic gene expression in the inverted third leaf ) is an important tool to construct the dominant population of rice under dry cultivation. These studies have significant implications for the future construction of dominant rice under dry cultivation in different regions and provide an important basis for the study of the regulatory mechanisms of photosynthetic pathways in different leaf positions.
Exploiting Natural Variation in Crown Root Traits via Genome-Wide Association Studies in Maize
Authors: Wang Houmiao , Tang Xiao , Yang Xiaoyi , Fan Yingying , Xu Yang , Li Pengcheng , Xu Chenwu , Yang Zefeng
Published: January 2021

Background: Root system architecture (RSA), which is determined by the crown root angle (CRA), crown root diameter (CRD), and crown root number (CRN), is an important factor affecting the ability of plants to obtain nutrients and water from the soil. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating crown root traits in the field remain unclear. Methods: In this study, the CRA, CRD, and CRN of 348 diverse maize inbred lines were analysed in three field trials. Substantial phenotypic variations were observed for the three crown root traits in all environments. A genome-wide association study was conducted using three multi-locus methods (FarmCPU, FASTmrMLM, and FASTmrEMMA).Results: A total of 91, 116, and 117 marker–trait associations were identified for CRA, CRD, and CRN, respectively. Additionally, 683 candidate genes within 50 kb of the significant SNPs were identified. A combined analysis of gene annotations and expression profiles revealed 20 promising genes related to auxin synthesis and signal transduction, cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, and transcription factors. These candidate genes may be associated with crown root development. Moreover, GRMZM2G141205, encoding an AUX/IAA transcriptional regulator, was resequenced in all tested lines. Five variants were identified as significantly associated with CRN based on the data for 16SY and 17SY as well as the average values for the three environments. Four haplotypes were detected based on these significant variants, and Hap1 was the optimal haplotype for CRN. Conclusions: These findings may be useful for clarifying the genetic basis of maize root system architecture. Furthermore, the identified candidate genes and variants may be relevant for breeding new maize varieties with root traits suitable for diverse environmental conditions.
Postoperative Urinary Retention after Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery – Influence of Peri-operative Factors and Trial of Void Protocol
Authors: Anglim Breffini , Ramage Kaylee , Sandwith Emily , Brennand Erin
Published: January 2021

PurposeTransient postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is common after pelvic floor surgery. We aimed to determine the association between peri-operative variables and POUR and to determine the number of voids required for post-void residuals (PVRs) to normalize postoperatively. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 992 patients undergoing pelvic floor surgery at a tertiary referral centre from January 2015-October 2017. Variables assessed included: age, BMI, ASA score, anaesthesia type, type of surgery, length of postoperative stay, surgeon, bladder protocol used, and number of PVRs required to “pass” the protocol. Results Significant risk factors for POUR included: placement of MUS during POP surgery, anterior repair and hysterectomy with concomitant sacrospinous vault suspension.A total of 25.1% were discharged requiring catheterization. Patients receiving a concomitant mid-urethral sling (MUS) were 2.2 (95% CI:1.6-2.9) and 2.3 (95% CI:1.8-3.1) times more likely to have elevated PVR after their second TOV and third TOV (P<0.0001), respectively, compared with those without concomitant MUS. Permitting a third TOV allowed an additional 10% of women to pass the voiding protocol before discharge. The median number of voids to pass protocol was 2. An ASA>2 and placement of MUS were associated with increasing number of voids needed to pass protocol. ConclusionsWhile many women passed protocol by the second void, using the 3rd void as a cut point to determine success would result in fewer women requiring catheterization after discharge. Prior to pelvic floor surgery, women should be counselled regarding POUR probability to allow for management of postoperative expectations.
Updated Analysis of Pediatric Clinical Trials Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, 2008-2019
Authors: Zhong Yang , Zhou Li-jun , Li Lei , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xingyu
Published: January 2021

Background Since the national clinical trials registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) launched in February 2000, more than 300,000 trials have been registered. However, little is known about the registered pediatric clinical trials with regarding to characteristics, trends and quality over time.Methods To describe patterns of the registered pediatric clinical trials, a dataset of trials involving children was downloaded from ClinicalTrials.gov on August 1st, 2020. To further trace the registration of pediatric disease types, we selected the top four infectious diseases to describe their trends over time. To examine reporting completion rate of clinical trial results, we identified completed studies and then observed the proportion of trials subject to reporting.Results Between 2000 and 2019, a total of 53,060 pediatric trials were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, including 36,136 (68.1%) interventional trials and 6,692(31.5%) observational trials. The number of them increased significantly over time. Meanwhile, the number of missing data elements has generally declined.Most interventional pediatric trials were single center (61.4%), small-scale(58.9%), randomized (66.0%), and none masking(56.9%), with fewer drug trials being conducted over time.Many pediatric clinical trials were funded by other organizations.The proportion of trials complianced with reporting results varied by study type, trial phase and lead sponsor.Conclusion The pediatric clinical trial registration are on the rise, with significant changes in registration information such as trial type, main purpose, and intervention characteristics, which can help stakeholders inform the decision to conduct trials in children. Although the proportion of missing data was decreasing, the proportion of reporting results remained to be improved.
Antimonate Sequestration from Aqueous Solution Using Zirconium, Iron and Zirconium-iron Modified Biochars
Authors: Rahman Md. Aminur , Rahman Mohammad Mahmudur , Bahar Md. Mezbaul , Sanderson Peter , Lamb Dane
Published: January 2021

Antimony (Sb) is increasingly being recognized as an important contaminant due to its various industrial applications and mining operations. Environmental remediation approaches for Sb are still lacking, as is the understanding of Sb environmental chemistry. In this study, biosolid biochar (BSBC) was produced and utilized to remove antimonate (Sb(V)) from aqueous solution. Zirconium (Zr), Zirconium-iron (Zr-Fe) and Fe-O coated BSBC were synthesized for enhancing Sb(V) sorption capacities of BSBC. The combined results of specific surface area, FTIR, SEM-EDS, TEM-EDS, and XPS confirmed that Zr and/or Zr-Fe were successfully coated onto BSBC. The effects of reaction time, pH, initial Sb(V) concentration, adsorbate doses, ionic strength, temperature, and the influence of major competitive co-existing anions and cations on the adsorption of Sb(V) were investigated. The maximum sorption capacity of Zr-O, Zr-Fe, Zr-FeCl3, Fe-O, and FeCl3 coated BSBC were 66.67, 98.04, 85.47, 39.68, and 31.54 mg/g respectively under acidic conditions. The XPS results revealed redox transformation of Sb(V) species to Sb(III) occurred under oxic conditions, demonstrating the biochar’s ability to behave as an electron shuttle during sorption. The sorption study suggest that Zr-O and Zr-O-Fe coated BSBC could perform as favourable adsorbents for mitigating Sb(V) contaminated waters.
The Effect of Wechat-Based Training on Improving the Village Doctors’ Knowledge of Tuberculosis Management: A Pre-And-Post Intervention Study from China
Authors: Xin Henan , Zhang Haoran , Wang Dakuan , Zhang Bin , Cao Xuefang , Feng Boxuan , Quan Zhusheng , Du Ying , He Yijun , Guan Ling , Shen Fei , Liu Jianmin , Liu Zisen , Pan Shouguo , Jin Qi , Gao Lei
Published: January 2021

Background: In China, village doctors played a crucial role in TB cases referral and management. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of WeChat-based training program on improving the village doctors’ knowledge on TB management.Methods: A One-year WeChat-based training was conducted by means of releasing original contents (in forms of text, poster, video or cartoon), through WeChat subscription account (WeChat SA) once a week. Pre-and post-training offline tests were hold using the same self-administered questionnaire to evaluate the training effect.Results: A total of 467 village doctor were included in the study. During the training, sixty original articles were posted through WeChat SA. With respect to the two tests, the median score increased from 50 (40.0-60.0) to 60 (53.0-70.0) (p<0.001) after training. The median scores were always higher after training no matter what kind of article contents and forms. In addition, the effectiveness of such training was found to be influenced by gender and education level.Conclusions: Our results indicated that WeChat-based training could partly improve the knowledge of village doctors on TB management. It is worthy to explore more effective new media-based training methods that might promote TB control work in rural China.
Inhibition of TLR4 Signaling Protects Mice From Sensory and Motor Dysfunction in an Animal Model of Autoimmune Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Oladiran Oladayo , Shi Xiang Qun , Yang Mu , Fournier Sylvie , Zhang Ji
Published: January 2021

BackgroundWhile the etiology remains elusive, macrophages and T cells in peripheral nerves are considered as effector cells mediating autoimmune peripheral neuropathy (APN), such as Guillain Barre Syndrome. By recognizing both pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) signals, TLRs play a central role in the initiation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we aimed to understand the involvement of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of APN and explore the potential of TLR4 as a drug target for therapeutic use. MethodsAPN was induced by a partial ligation on one of the sciatic nerves in B7.2 (L31) transgenic mice which possess a predisposed inflammatory background. APN pathology and neurological function were evaluated on the other non-injured sciatic nerve. ResultsTLR4 and its endogenous ligand HMGB1 were highly expressed in L31 mice, in circulating immune cells and in peripheral nerves. Enhanced TLR4 signaling was blocked with TAK 242, a selective TLR4 inhibitor, before and after disease onset. Intraperitoneal administration of TAK 242 not only inhibited monocyte, macrophage and CD8 + T cell activation, but also reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TAK 242 protected mice from severe myelin and axonal loss, resulting in a remarkable improvement in mouse motor and sensory functions. TAK 242 was effective in alleviating the disease in both preventive and reversal paradigms. ConclusionThe study identified the critical contribution of TLR4-mediated macrophage activation in disease course and provided strong evidence to support TLR4 as a useful drug target for treating inflammatory autoimmune neuropathy.
Optically Transparent Vertical Silicon Nanowire Arrays for Live-Cell Imaging
Authors: Elnathan Roey , Holle Andrew , Young Jennifer , George Marina , Heifler Omri , Goychuk Andriy , Frey Erwin , Kemkemer Ralf , Spatz Joachim , Kosloff Alon , Patolsky Fernando , Voelcker Nico
Published: January 2021

Programmable nano-bio interfaces driven by tuneable vertically configured nanostructures have recently emerged as a powerful tool for cellular manipulations and interrogations. Such interfaces have strong potential for ground-breaking advances, particularly in cellular nanobiotechnology and mechanobiology. However, the opaque nature of many nanostructured surfaces makes non-destructive, live-cell characterization of cellular behavior on vertically aligned nanostructures challenging to observe. Here, a new nanofabrication route is proposed that enables harvesting of vertically aligned silicon (Si) nanowires and their subsequent transfer onto an optically transparent substrate, with high efficiency and without artefacts. We demonstrate the potential of this route for efficient live-cell phase contrast imaging and subsequent characterization of cells growing on vertically aligned Si nanowires. This approach provides the first opportunity to understand dynamic cellular responses to a cell-nanowire interface, and thus has the potential to inform the design of future nanoscale cellular manipulation technologies.
Reference Values of the Sleep-wake Cycle of Newborns During Hospitalization in the Neonatal ICU - a Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Sousa Bruna Ribeiro Carneiro , Bezerra Ruth Batista , Souza Jane Carla De , Bento Marcos Vinicius da Silva , Araújo John Fontenele , Pereira Silvana Alves
Published: January 2021

Background: Annually, approximately 15 million children are born prematurely (less than 37 weeks of gestation). These newborns are hospitalized from weeks to months in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU), undergoing painful invasive and non-invasive procedures, and various stimuli in an environment that contrasts with the maternal uterus, which may result in reduced sleep time or changes in the sleep-wake cycle. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the reference values ​​of the sleep-wake cycle of neonates admitted to the NICU and summarize the main sleep assessment tools used during the neonatal hospitalization phase. Methods: Databases will be used systematically to search for studies that provide reference values ​​for the sleep-wake cycle of newborns admitted to the NICU. Two independent reviewers will search the articles, while a third reviewer will analyze the disagreements. Discussion: The results of the review will contribute to the planning of approaches that do not interfere with sleep time, maintaining an adequate sleep-wake pattern for the development of newborns in the NICU.Systematic review registration: submitted on 13. Dec. 2020 IN PROSPERO