bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Tale of Two Provosts
Authors: Chace William M.
Published: April 2013

This guest column, written by a former president of Emory University, examines arguments made by Jonathan Cole, a former provost of Columbia, in his book The Great American University. Cole illustrates his history of the modern American research university with a vivid comparison between two eminent academic leaders of the last century, Jacques Barzun of Columbia and Frederick Terman of Stanford. Employing data generated by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute for Higher Education and Times Higher Education, Cole shows that universities are today ranked in order of prestige and eminence on the basis of their wealth and the magnitude of the support they receive for research activities. American universities, richer than all others, have greater resources to deploy and therefore are considered “the best.” Among them, Columbia and Stanford are among the very best. But, for Cole, Stanford has lately become superior to Columbia because Terman was more forward-looking, more ambitious in securing external support from government and industry, and more interested in building the strength of disciplines close to industry, commerce, and practical results. Barzun was more traditional, interested in supporting and encouraging the humanities, and “stuck in the historical past.” Cole reports that where Terman saw opportunities in the future, Barzun saw threats. Cole's book leaves many questions unanswered. In universities increasingly funded externally, what stance should academic administrators take toward professors more interested in their disciplines than in their employer? What is the fate of the underfunded humanities? What can be done about the stunning increase in tuition prices? Transfixed by Terman's definition of eminence, Cole ignores these difficult realities.
A novel chemical screening strategy in zebrafish identifies common pathways in embryogenesis and rhabdomyosarcoma development
Authors: Le Xiuning , Pugach Emily K. , Hettmer Simone , Storer Narie Y. , Liu Jianing , Wills Airon A. , DiBiase Antony , Chen Eleanor Y. , Ignatius Myron S. , Poss Kenneth D. , Wagers Amy J. , Langenau David M. , Zon Leonard I.
Published: April 2013

The zebrafish is a powerful genetic model that has only recently been used to dissect developmental pathways involved in oncogenesis. We hypothesized that operative pathways during embryogenesis would also be used for oncogenesis. In an effort to define RAS target genes during embryogenesis, gene expression was evaluated in Tg(hsp70-HRASG12V) zebrafish embryos subjected to heat shock. dusp6 was activated by RAS, and this was used as the basis for a chemical genetic screen to identify small molecules that interfere with RAS signaling during embryogenesis. A KRASG12D-induced zebrafish embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was then used to assess the therapeutic effects of the small molecules. Two of these inhibitors, PD98059 and TPCK, had anti-tumor activity as single agents in both zebrafish embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and a human cell line of rhabdomyosarcoma that harbored activated mutations in NRAS. PD98059 inhibited MEK1 whereas TPCK suppressed S6K1 activity; however, the combined treatment completely suppressed eIF4B phosphorylation and decreased translation initiation. Our work demonstrates that the activated pathways in RAS induction during embryogenesis are also important in oncogenesis and that inhibition of these pathways suppresses tumor growth.
The Binding Ring Illusion: assimilation affects the perceived size of a circular array
Authors: McCarthy J Daniel , Kupitz Colin , Caplovitz Gideon P
Published: April 2013

Our perception of an object’s size arises from the integration of multiple sources of visual information including retinal size, perceived distance and its size relative to other objects in the visual field. This constructive process is revealed through a number of classic size illusions such as the Delboeuf Illusion, the Ebbinghaus Illusion and others illustrating size constancy. Here we present a novel variant of the Delbouef and Ebbinghaus size illusions that we have named the Binding Ring Illusion. The illusion is such that the perceived size of a circular array of elements is underestimated when superimposed by a circular contour – a binding ring – and overestimated when the binding ring slightly exceeds the overall size of the array. Here we characterize the stimulus conditions that lead to the illusion, and the perceptual principles that underlie it. Our findings indicate that the perceived size of an array is susceptible to the assimilation of an explicitly defined superimposed contour. Our results also indicate that the assimilation process takes place at a relatively high level in the visual processing stream, after different spatial frequencies have been integrated and global shape has been constructed. We hypothesize that the Binding Ring Illusion arises due to the fact that the size of an array of elements is not explicitly defined and therefore can be influenced (through a process of assimilation) by the presence of a superimposed object that does have an explicit size.
Composition of Suspended Micro-particles in the Air of Khabarovsk
Authors: Голохваст  , Golokhvast Kirill , Алейникова  , Aleynikova E.
Published: April 2013

The research results of nano- and micro-particles of atmospheric suspensions contained in the snow of Khabarovsk during the winter of 2011/2012 are presented in this paper. The use of laser granulometry and scanning electronic microscopy for researching of qualitative and quantitative composition of precipitation suspensions is shown. The distribution of airborne particles with different sizes is revealed in the city parts distinguished by anthropogenic load.
Analysis Technology of Ergatic System Operator’s Control Movements
Authors: Богданов  , Bogdanov Yu. , Кузьмин  , Kuzmin A. , Айвазян  , Ayvazyan Sergey , Кукушкин  , Kukushkin Yu. , Лукаш  , Lukash A.
Published: April 2013

Analysis technology of ergatic system operator’s control movements and results of its use in the interests related to ergonomic expertise of aiming algorithms at discharge a cargo from maneuvering aircraft, conducted on-loop modeling complex is presented.
Railway Transport Influence on Environment аnd Ways of Its Decrease on Far East Railroad
Authors: Луценко  , Lutsenko A. , Катин  , Katin V. , Луценко  , Lutsenko Al.
Published: April 2013

The questions related to influence of transportations of dangerous cargoes (oil and oil products) by rail on Far East ecological system are analyzed in this article. The ways of decrease of such transportations’ negative influence on environment are offered.
Brand Licensing: What Drives Royalty Rates?
Authors: Jayachandran Satish , Kaufman Peter , Kumar V. , Hewett Kelly
Published: April 2013

In brand licensing, the brand owner (the licensor) grants another firm (the licensee) the right to use the brand. This differs from franchising, in which a contractual arrangement between a franchisor and a franchisee exists to run a business based on the franchisor's business model. Brand licensing helps generate revenues and protect the brand from misappropriation. In such contractual arrangements, agency theory suggests that when parties to the contract engage in moral hazard (i.e., opportunistic behavior), suboptimal outcomes may result. The authors examine how concerns of moral hazard affect royalty rate, a popular form of compensation in brand licensing. From an agency theory perspective, they discuss how market and contract characteristics influence the risk of moral hazard and shape royalty rates in international brand licensing. The results obtained using data from international licensing contracts indicate that a country's intellectual property rights protection enables licensees to benefit from lower royalty rates and market size enables licensors to demand higher royalty rates. The authors also examine impact of other contract characteristics, such as contract duration and exclusivity, on royalty rate. The results imply that concerns of opportunistic behavior on the part of both the licensor and the licensee influence royalty rates.
Reclassification and Academic Success among English Language Learners: New Evidence from a Large Urban School District
Authors: Painter Gary , Flores Edward
Published: April 2013

Abstract: On average, English Language Learners (ELLs) have inferior academic performance than their peers who speak English fluently. Research has also shown that ELLs that are reclassified as English Proficient (R-FEP) often have outcomes that approach or exceed comparable peers who are initially fluent in English upon entering school, but many of these past approaches suffer from various methodological deficiencies. In this analysis, we analyse the impact of reclassification on a broad set of academic outcomes using a number of methods to address this question, including fixed effects and instrumental variables methods. There are clear differences in academic outcomes between those students who are never reclassified and those who are R-FEP English Proficient. However, the evidence suggests that, on the margin, there is little or no incremental benefit for students that are reclassified before their peers.
The convergence of the product γ˜
p-1
h
0
b

n-1 in the Adams spectral sequence
Authors: Zhao Hao , Wang Xiangjun , Zhong Linan
Published: April 2013

Let p be a prime with p ≥ 7 and q=2(p-1). In this paper we prove the existence of a nontrivial product of filtration p + 2 in the stable homotopy groups of spheres

π

(

p
n

+

p
3

-
p
-
2
)
q
-
6

S

${\pi _{(p^{n}+p^{3}-p-2)q-6}S}$

. This nontrivial product is shown to be represented up to a nonzero scalar by
the product element

γ
˜

p
-
1

h
0

b

n
-
1

∈

Ext

𝒜

p
+
2
,
(

p
n

+

p
3

-
p
-
2
)
q
+
p
-
4

(
ℤ
/
p
,
ℤ
/
p
)

$
{\protect \widetilde{\gamma }_{p-1}h_{0}b_{n-1}\in {\rm Ext}_{\mathcal {A}}^{p+2,(p^{n}+p^{3}-p-2)q+p-4}(\mathbb {Z}/p,\mathbb {Z}/p)}
$

in the Adams spectral sequence where n ≥ 1 and n ≥ 4.
A uniform bound for geodesic periods of eigenfunctions on hyperbolic surfaces
Authors: Reznikov Andre
Published: April 2013

We consider periods along closed geodesics
and along geodesic circles for eigenfunctions of the Laplace–Beltrami
operator on a compact hyperbolic Riemann surface. We obtain uniform bounds
for such periods as the corresponding eigenvalue tends to infinity. We
use methods from the theory of automorphic functions and, in
particular, the uniqueness of the corresponding invariant
functionals on irreducible unitary representations of PGL2(ℝ).
What sources do adolescents turn to for information about their health concerns?
Authors: Baheiraei Azam , Khoori Elham , Foroushani Abbas Rahimi , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Ybarra Michele L.
Published: April 2013

Background: Adolescents are developmentally normatively interested in information about sexuality and other health-related issues. In the absence of available health programming, identifying the sources of information that youth are currently accessing will help adolescent health researchers understand where youth ‘are,’ thereby informing where and how future interventions can be targeted. This is particularly important in resource-limited settings, such as Iran, where funding for public health programming is scant. This study aimed to examine primary and preferred sources of adolescents’ health information queries and identify health topics in which they are most interested.

Methods: In 2011, a random sample of 915 adolescents, aged 14–18 years, completed anonymous, self-administered questionnaires.

Results: Mothers (51.11%) and same-sex friends (40.11%) were both the primary as well as the preferred source of health information for adolescents. More than one in three adolescents identified media information sources, including books (39.6%) and the Internet (37.9%), as their primary and preferred sources. The most common topic adolescents sought information about was sexuality issues. Younger adolescents preferred receiving information from parents, whereas older adolescents preferred friends as sources for information [X2=9.3, p=0.009]. No age differences were noted in using media sources (p>0.05).

Conclusions: These findings indicate future interventions should integrate some if not all of these sources [both people (mothers, same-sex friends) and media (books, the Internet)] to deliver evidenced-based health information.
A Covariate Residual-Based Cointegration Test Applied to the CDS-Bond Basis
Authors: Game Aaron , Wu Jason
Published: April 2013

This paper proposes a residual-based cointegration test with improved power. Based on the idea of Hansen (1995) and Elliot and Jansson (2003) in the unit root testing case, stationary covariates are used to improve the power of the residual-based augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test. The asymptotic null distribution contains difficulty to estimate nuisance parameters for which there is no obvious method of estimation; therefore, we propose a bootstrap methodology to obtain test critical values. Local-to-unity asymptotics and Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the power of the test in large and small samples, respectively. These exercises show that the addition of covariates increases power relative to the ADF and Johansen tests, and that the power depends on the long-run correlation between the covariates and the cointegration candidates. The new test is used to test for cointegration between Credit Default Swap (CDS) and corporate bond spreads for a panel of US firms during the 2007–2009 financial crisis. The new test finds stronger evidence for cointegration between the two spreads for more firms, relative to ADF and Johansen tests.
The effects of cement and natural zeolite additives on problematic clay soils
Authors: Turkoz Murat , Vural Pinar
Published: April 2013

Dispersive and expansive soils are considered problematic, and these soil properties cause serious problems for many engineering structures. For many years, comprehensive studies have been carried out with the aim of improving the swelling and dispersive qualities of soils by using additives. Each feature in the literature associated with the improvement of the dispersive and swell properties of clay soil with additives was separately evaluated. In this study, the effect of cement and natural zeolite additives on the characteristics of dispersibility and swelling potential of clay soils were investigated. A fixed percentage of cement (3%) plus different percentages of natural zeolite (1%, 3%, 6%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were mixed with four different clay soil samples. In this context, first, the physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were determined. Next, the swell percentage, swell pressure, crumb, pinhole and unconfined compressive strength tests at different curing times were performed on samples with and without the additive by compressing the sample to achieve particular compaction characteristics. Significant strength value increases depended on curing time, and the properties were improved with the mixture of cement and zeolite additives, depending on the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values of clay soil samples with different plasticity characteristics that exhibit dispersive and swell properties. This study not only showed that a mixture of cement and zeolite additives improved the dispersive and swell properties of clay soil samples with four different plasticity characteristics, depending on their SAR and ESP values, but also significant increases in strength values were observed.
Effects of aging on PuO2·xH2O particle size in alkaline solution
Authors: Delegard C. H.
Published: April 2013

Between 1944 and 1989, 54.5 metric tons of the United States´ weapons-grade plutonium and an additional 12.9 metric tons of fuels-grade plutonium were produced in and separated from irradiated uranium metal fuel at the Hanford Site. Acidic high-activity wastes containing around 600 kg of plutonium were made alkaline and discharged to underground storage tanks from separations, isolation, and recycle processes to yield average plutonium concentration of about 0.003 g/L (or ∼ 0.0002 wt. %) in the ∼ 200 million liter tank waste volume. The plutonium is largely associated with low-solubility metal hydroxide/oxide sludges where its low concentration and intimate mixture with neutron-absorbing elements (e.g., iron) are credited in nuclear criticality safety. However, concerns have been expressed that plutonium, in the form of hydrated plutonium oxide, PuO2·xH2O, could undergo sufficient crystal growth through dissolution and reprecipitation in the alkaline tank waste to potentially become separable from neutron absorbing constituents by settling or sedimentation. Thermodynamic considerations and laboratory studies of systems chemically analogous to tank waste show that the plutonium, precipitated in the alkaline tank waste by neutralization from acid solution, probably entered as 2–5-nm PuO2·xH2O crystallite particles that, because of the low concentration of the neutral Pu(IV) dissolved species and opposition from radiolytic processes, grow from that point at exceedingly slow rates.
Die Leipziger Journalistenausbildung in der Ära Ulbricht
Authors: Schemmert Christian , Siemens Daniel
Published: April 2013

Vorspann

Die Universität Leipzig war das Zentrum der akademischen Journalistenausbildung in der DDR. Die Fakultät für Journalistik, umgangssprachlich auch „Rotes Kloster“ genannt, sollte die ostdeutschen Massenmedien mit ebenso gut ausgebildeten wie linientreuen Fachleuten versorgen, die geeignet waren, gesellschaftlichen und kulturellen Konsens zu stiften oder zu stärken. Die Autoren können zeigen, wie groß der Konformitätsdruck war, der auf den - nicht selten idealistischen - Studenten lastete, wie wichtig SED und Staatssicherheit das Thema Journalistenausbildung nahmen und wie komplex sich die politisch-sozialen Beziehungen gestalteten, in deren Zentrum die Fakultät für Journalistik stand.
Clathrates and semiclathrates of Type-I: crystal structure and superstructures
Authors: Kirsanova Maria A. , Shevelkov Andrei V.
Published: April 2013

The review surveys the crystal chemistry of inorganic compounds belonging to the structure type of clathrate-I. The compounds of this family exhibit an unexpected variety of both chemical composition and features of the crystal structure. The basic crystal structure of clathrate-I and different variants of its modification, such as siting, position splitting, and superstructure formation including transformation to semiclathrates, are considered in terms of the group-subgroup relationship.
4K-GM Cryocooler Performance and Thermal Conductivity of HoxEr1-xN
Authors: Nakano Takanori , Hirayama Yusuke , Izawa Takushi , Nakagawa Takashi , Fujimoto Yasushi , Masuyama Shinji , Irie Toshio , Nakamura Eiji , Yamamoto Takao A.
Published: April 2013

HoxEr1-xN (x=0.25, 0.5, 0.75) samples were synthesized by nitriding of HoxEr1-x alloy bars and their thermal conductivity κ were measured. The measured κ values were comparable to those of stainless steel and Er3Ni. Ho0.5Er0.5N showed the highest κ of the present three samples. The thermal diffusivity calculated from the κ and the specific heat indicates that Ho0.5Er0.5N is a very promising regenerator material for the cryocoolers. The electrical resistivity ρ was also measured as a function of temperature.
Gradient mechanical properties and analysis model of roller compacted concrete dam
Authors: Su Huaizhi , Wei Bowen
Published: April 2013

Considering the cyclical impact of the weak layer on the deformation of a roller compacted concrete (RCC) dam, the gradient mechanical properties of RCC dams are analysed. A theoretical method is proposed to determine the thickness of the effect zone and the non-surface weak layer. Based on mechanics theory of composite materials, it is assumed that the density reduction and the elastic modulus of the concrete along the depth of the rolling layers in the RCC dam follow an exponential law. A load-bearing rheological model is established to describe the coordinating action between the weak layer and the noumenon of the RCC dam. A corresponding three-dimensional non-linear finite-element model is developed. It is shown that the physical parameters of the RCC dam, which are determined by a combination of theoretical analysis and testing, can reasonably reflect mechanical properties. The results from the developed model match the in situ observed results well. The proposed model can objectively describe the impact of a weak layer on the deformation of RCC dams.
Briefing: Waste management sustainability in low-income countries
Authors: Linzner Roland , Ali Mansoor
Published: April 2013

The drivers and motivation to improve solid waste management systems in low-income countries are diverse. These may be environmental, social, political or related to income generation, depending on the stakeholders, their stakes and their relationships. To sustain solid waste systems, these different motivations need to be understood and incorporated into the planning for new systems. Often the proposed solution to an increasing waste problem is large-scale technology and its financial and technical sustainability will depend on the cost and the capacity to operate and maintain in the given context. Nevertheless waste collection and recycling provide a livelihood for millions of people in low-income countries. Therefore, they need to be considered as an integral part of the existing systems. Future planning activities must therefore include economic and social sustainability, in addition to the user’s acceptance and need to build carefully on existing strengths and knowledge of the informal systems.
Study of Perturbation Designs for the Partially Separable Objective Function With Gradient-Based Optimizations in History Matching
Authors: Ding D. Y. , McKee F..
Published: April 2013

Assisted history matching is widely used to constrain reservoir models by integrating well-production data and/or 4D seismic data. However, history matching generally requires a large number of reservoir simulations, which are very CPU time-consuming, in the optimization procedure. In this paper, we present a new technique that allows us to reduce the number of reservoir simulations for the gradient-based optimization method in history matching.

The new method is based on the partial separability of the objective function with local components referred to the wells and/or the seismic zones. How to choose a good perturbation design for the gradient computation is the main issue. In this paper, the graph-coloring algorithm is applied to determine “independent” components and parameters for a partially separable function, and analytical test functions are proposed for the selection of perturbation designs. This method can significantly reduce the number of reservoir simulations for a partially separable objective function in history matching.
Assessing national flood management using a sustainable flood management framework
Authors: Kang M. G. , Jeong H. S. , Lee J. H. , Kang B. S.
Published: April 2013

This paper presents a prototype framework for sustainable flood management at the national level which features stakeholder participation, and is modified and applied to a case study. Through literature reviews and an interview survey of South Korea (the case study country), the causes of recent flood damage are found to be heavy rainfall due to climate change, urbanization, insufficient channel capacities and the application of inadequate measures. The interview survey also shows that, to reduce flood damage, along with consistent implementation of systematic long-term plans, minimizing injudicious artificial development is critical and necessary. Using the framework developed for South Korea on the basis of the findings and the prototype framework, national flood management is assessed and discussed. In particular, an implementation process based on flood risk management and integrated strategies is proposed to practically achieve the objectives of management practices with the cooperation of governmental organizations and stakeholders under circumstances of high uncertainty. Consequently, it is concluded that the effective conduct of sustainable flood management at the national level in South Korea requires a recognition of the context of flood management, cooperation and information sharing about flooding, and social learning and change, all of which can be achieved through the active participation of stakeholders.
Sivas kofte and examination of microbiological quality
Authors: Can O.P. , Şahin S. , Erşan M. , Harun F.
Published: April 2013

The objective of this study was to examine traditional meat product of the
Sivas province, the Sivas kofte with regards to its microbiological quality.
The kofte samples sold commercially were examined according to their
microbiological qualities (150 pieces cooked kofte samples taken from the
most popular 5 restaurants). The samples were analyzed in terms of total
mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteria, E. coli, coagulase positive S.
aureus, Salmonella spp. and psychrophilic bacteria. Ready to serve samples of
Sivas kofte were examined and the following results were obtained for total
mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteria, coagulase positive S. aureus,
psychrophilic bacteria, 2.7- 4.9 log10 cfu/g, <10 - 2.1 log10 cfu /g, <10 -
1.9 log10 cfu /g, 1.6- 3.8 log10 cfu /g, respectively. E. coli and Salmonella
spp were not determined in any of the samples. As a result, the ready to
consume Sivas kofte samples were found to be in accordance with the Turkish
Food Codex Cominiquate Microbiological Criteria despite differences in the
microbiological quality of the locations in Sivas.
A simple model for the assessment of indoor radionuclide Pb-210 surface contamination due to the presence of radon
Authors: Mrdja Dusan , Bikit Istvan , Veskovic Miroslav , Forkapic Sofija , Todorovic Natasa , Nikolov Jovana , Bikit Kristina
Published: April 2013

The presented, very simplified model provides a possibility for estimation of
surface Pb-210 activity, depending on the changes of Rn-222 concentration
during the long-term radon presence inside the closed room. This can be
useful for retrospective assessment of the average indoor radon concentration
for certain historical period, based on the surface contamination by the
radionuclide Pb-210 in a closed or poorly ventilated room over a long period
of time. However, the surface Pb-210 contamination depends on the pattern of
radon concentration changes, and in this model is supposed that the change of
indoor radon concentration, which periodically enters the room, is affected
only by the radioactive decay and the inserted amount of radon in each entry.
So, each radon entry can be comprehended as a ?net amount? of radon, or
excess which remains inside the room due to radon?s periodical in-out flow.
It is shown, that under the conditions of the model, the achieved average
value of radon concentration of 275 Bq/m3, implies that the saturated surface
contamination by the Pb-210 of 160 Bq/m2 after approximately 150 years.
Testing the protective efficiency of personal respiratory protection devices in radiologically contaminated environments
Authors: Rajic Dusan , Ivankovic Negovan , Ivankovic Natasa , Ilic Marina , Senic Zeljko , Pajic Natasa
Published: April 2013

The use of ammunition primed with depleted uranium is one of the hallmarks of
modern combat operations, resulting in environmental contamination by
particles of depleted uranium and uranium oxide, scattered around in the form
of submicron-scale aerosols. This paper examined the protective effectiveness
of the Serbian military's M3 protective face mask in relation to the presence
of airborne depleted uranium and its by-products. Sodium chloride in solid
aerosol form was used as a test substance and adequate physical simulator of
such radioactive aerosols because its granulometric (particle) size
distribution met the requirements of suitability as a simulator.
Determination of aerosol concentration was carried out by flame photometry
method, whilst granulometric distribution was determined by an electric
particles analyzer. It was established that the total internal leakage of the
M3 protective mask was as much a function of the penetration of particles
through the combined M3 filter as of the leaks along the fitting line of the
user's face mask and the inhalation valve. In terms of its protective effect
against aerosols of depleted uranium and associated oxides, the Serbian M3
protective mask was determined to be of high efficiency and physiological
suitability.
Dispersion of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedem. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in mandarin orchards on Montenegrin seacoast
Authors: Radonjic Sanja
Published: April 2013

The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Widem. has been an established
pest on the Montenegrin seacoast for more than ten years, although with
variable abundance in different years and localities. From an economic
aspect, its most important host in Montenegro is the mandarin unshiu (Citrus
unshiu Marc.), particularly its cultivar Owari. Dispersion of C. capitata in
citrus orchards (prevailingly mandarin) was monitored on Baosici, Lastva
Grbaljska and Bar localities during 2003 and 2004. The results of this study
showed that, during both years, peripheral-row trees (primarily the first
row) in citrus orchards were more exposed to attacks by C. capitata than
middle and last rows. In 2003, the average number of larvae in mandarin
fruits in first rows varied from 11.4?0.59 to 40.1?0.67, from 7.04?0.47 to
28.8?0.48 and from 2.9?0.07 to 17.3?0.54 on the localities of Baosici, Lastva
Grbaljska and Bar, respectively. On the same localities, it ranged from
7.4?0.34 to 16.9?0.4, from 0.0 to 18.7?0.32 and from 0.0 to 9.93?0.56 in
middle rows, and from 3.0?0.28 to 16.8?0.77, from 0.0 to 20.9?0.38 and from
0.0 to 13.1?0.39 in last rows. Data collected at Baosici, Lastva Grbaljska
and Bar in 2003 also suggest that the average number of larvae per mandarin
fruit in first rows was 1.78-2.08 times higher than in middle rows, and
1.25-1.77 times higher than in last rows. In 2004, the average number of
larvae in mandarin fruits in first rows varied from 7.3?0.27 to 8.3?0.45,
from 7.2?0.23 to 17.6?0.59 and from 3.8?0.1 to 8.8?0.25 on the localities of
Baosici, Lastva Grbaljska and Bar, respectively. On these localities, it
ranged from 1.7 ?0.17 to 3.3?0.19, from 1.1?0.12 to 3.5?0.8 and from 0.0 to
0.8?0.14 in middle rows, and from 1.7?0.17 to 3.6?0.32, from 0.0 to 4.0?0.26
and from 0.0 to 0.2?0.06 in last rows. Data collected in 2004 also showed
that the average number of larvae in mandarin fruits in first rows on the
same localities was 3.12-15.75 times higher than in middle rows, and 2.94
-6.3 times higher than in last rows.
On the class gamma and related classes of functions
Authors: Omey Edward
Published: April 2013

The gamma class ??(g) consists of positive and measurable functions that
satisfy f(x + yg(x))/f(x) ? exp(?y). In most cases the auxiliary function g
is Beurling varying and self-neglecting, i.e., g(x)/x ? 0 and g??0(g).
Taking h = log f, we find that h?E??(g, 1), where E??(g, a) is the class
of positive and measurable functions that satisfy (f(x + yg(x))? f(x))/a(x)
? ?y. In this paper we discuss local uniform convergence for functions in
the classes ??(g) and E??(g, a). From this, we obtain several
representation theorems. We also prove some higher order relations for
functions in the class ??(g) and related classes. Two applications are
given.
Ill-posed abstract Volterra equations
Authors: Kostic Marko
Published: April 2013

The study of ill-posed abstract Volterra equations is a recent subject. In
this paper, we investigate equations on the line, continue the research of
(a, k)-regularized C-resolvent families, subordination principles, abstract
semilinear Volterra integrodifferential equations, and provide several
illustrative examples.
Fixed point theorems via various cyclic contractive conditions in partial metric spaces
Authors: Nashine Hemant , Kadelburg Zoran , Radenovic Stojan
Published: April 2013

We present some fixed point results for mappings which satisfy Hardy-Rogers
rational type, quasicontraction type, weak contraction type and generalized
f? type cyclic conditions in 0-complete partial metric spaces. Presented
results generalize or improve many existing fixed point theorems in the
literature. To demonstrate our results, we give throughout the paper some
examples. One of the possible applications of our results to well-posed and
limit shadowing property of fixed point problems is also presented.
Comparison of random S-box generation methods
Authors: Lambic Dragan , Zivkovic Miodrag
Published: April 2013

Random bijective S-box generation methods are considered. An alternative
S-box generation method by forming compositions of permutations from some
fixed set is proposed. Experiments show that the rate of acceptable S-boxes
for all the methods considered is essentially the same. The advantage of the
composition method is an obvious parametrization, with the potentially large
key space.
Exergetic analysis of an aircraft turbojet engine with an afterburner
Authors: Ehyaei M.A. , Anjiridezfuli A. , Rosen M.A.
Published: April 2013

An exergy analysis is reported of a J85-GE-21 turbojet engine and its
components for two altitudes: sea level and 11,000 meters. The turbojet
engine with afterburning operates on the Brayton cycle and includes six main
parts: diffuser, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, afterburner and
nozzle. Aircraft data are utilized in the analysis with simulation data. The
highest component exergy efficiency at sea level is observed to be for the
compressor, at 96.7%, followed by the nozzle and turbine with exergy
efficiencies of 93.7 and 92.3%, respectively. At both considered heights,
reducing of engine intake air speed leads to a reduction in the exergy
efficiencies of all engine components and overall engine. The exergy
efficiency of the turbojet engine is found to decrease by 0.45% for every 1?C
increase in inlet air temperature.
Influences of hydrodynamic conditions, nozzle geometry on appearance of high submerged cavitating jets
Authors: Hutli Ezddin , Abouali Salem , Hucine Ben , Mansour Mohamed , Nedeljkovic Milos , Ilic Vojislav
Published: April 2013

Based on visualization results of highly-submerged cavitating water jet
obtained with digital camera, the influences of related parameters such as:
injection pressure, nozzle diameter and geometry, nozzle mounting (for
convergent / divergent flow), cavitation number and exit jet velocity, were
investigated. In addition, the influence of visualization system position was
also studied. All the parameters have been found to be of strong influence on
the jet appearance and performance. Both hydro-dynamical and geometrical
parameters are playing the main role in behavior and intensity of cavitation
phenomenon produced by cavitating jet generator. Based on our considerable
previous experience in working with cavitating jet generator, the working
conditions were chosen in order to obtain measurable phenomenon.
Effects of isoflurane with and without dexmedetomidine or remifentanil on heart rate variability before and after nociceptive stimulation at different multiples of minimum alveolar concentration in dogs
Authors: Voigt Anne M. , Bergfeld Carina , Beyerbach Martin , Kästner Sabine B. R.
Published: April 2013

Objective—To evaluate the influence of 3 anesthetic protocols and multiples of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) on heart rate variability (HRV) with and without nociceptive stimulation in dogs.

Animals—6 healthy adult Beagles.

Procedures—Each dog was anesthetized 3 times: with isoflurane alone, with isoflurane and a constant rate infusion of dexmedetomidine (IsoD; 3 μg/kg/h, IV), and with isoflurane and a constant rate infusion of remifentanil (IsoR; 18 μg/kg/h, IV). Individual MAC was determined via supramaximal electrical stimulation. Sinus rhythm–derived intervals between 2 adjacent R-R intervals were exported from ECG recordings. Selected HRV time and frequency domain variables were obtained (at 2-minute intervals) and analyzed offline with signed rank tests before and after stimulation at 0.75, 1.0, and 1. 5 MAC for each anesthetic session.

Results—The isoflurane session had the overall lowest prestimulation SDNN (SD of all R-R intervals) values. Prestimulation SDNN values decreased significantly with increasing MAC in all sessions. For the IsoD session, SDNN (milliseconds) or high-frequency power (milliseconds2) was inversely correlated with MAC (Spearman rank correlation coefficient for both variables, −0.77). In the isoflurane and IsoR sessions, heart rate increased significantly after stimulation. In the IsoD session, poststimulation SDNN was increased significantly, compared with prestimulation values, at 0.75 and 1.0 MAC.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of SDNN and high-frequency power values, anesthetic levels between 0.75 and 1.5 MAC within the same anesthetic protocol could be differentiated, but with a large overlap among protocols. Usefulness of standard HRV variables for assessment of anesthetic depth and nociception in dogs is questionable.
Effects of serum and autologous conditioned serum on equine articular chondrocytes treated with interleukin-1 β
Authors: Carlson Eric R. , Stewart Allison A. , Carlson Kelly L. , Durgam Sushmitha S. , Pondenis Holly C.
Published: April 2013

Objective—To compare the effects of autologous equine serum (AES) and autologous conditioned serum (ACS) on equine articular chondrocyte metabolism when stimulated with recombinant human (rh) interleukin (IL)-1β.

Sample—Articular cartilage and nonconditioned and conditioned serum from 6 young adult horses.

Procedures—Cartilage samples were digested, and chondrocytes were isolated and formed into pellets. Chondrocyte pellets were treated with each of the following: 10% AES, 10% AES and rhIL-1β, 20% AES and rhIL-1β, 10% ACS and rhIL-1β, and 20% ACS and rhIL-1β, and various effects of these treatments were measured.

Results—Recombinant human IL-1β treatment led to a decrease in chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan synthesis and collagen II mRNA expression and an increase in medium matrix metalloproteinase-3 activity and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression. When results of ACS and rhIL-1β treatment were compared with those of AES and rhIL-1β treatment, no difference was evident in glycosaminoglycan release, total glycosaminoglycan concentration, total DNA content, or matrix metalloproteinase-3 activity. A significant increase was found in chondrocyte glycosaminoglycan synthesis with 20% AES and rhIL-1β versus 10% ACS and rhIL-1β. The medium from ACS and rhIL-1β treatment had a higher concentration of IL-1β receptor antagonist, compared with medium from AES and rhIL-1β treatment. Treatment with 20% ACS and rhIL-1β resulted in a higher medium insulin-like growth factor-I concentration than did treatment with 10% AES and rhIL-1β. No difference in mRNA expression was found between ACS and rhIL-1β treatment and AES and rhIL-1β treatment.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Minimal beneficial effects of ACS treatment on proteoglycan matrix metabolism in equine chonrocytes were evident, compared with the effects of AES treatment.
Noninvasive measurements of body composition and body water via quantitative magnetic resonance, deuterium water, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in cats
Authors: Zanghi Brian M. , Cupp Carolyn J. , Pan Yuanlong , Tissot-Favre Delphine G. , Milgram Norton W. , Nagy Tim R. , Dobson Howard
Published: April 2013

Objective—To compare quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution methods for measurement of total body water (TBW), lean body mass (LBM), and fat mass (FM) in healthy cats and to assess QMR precision and accuracy.

Animals—Domestic shorthair cats (58 and 32 cats for trials 1 and 2, respectively).

Procedures—QMR scans of awake cats performed with 2 units were followed by administration of D2O tracer (100 mg/kg, PO). Cats then were anesthetized, which was followed by QMR and DXA scans. Jugular blood samples were collected before and 120 minutes after D2O administration.

Results—QMR precision was similar between units (coefficient of variation < 2.9% for all measures). Fat mass, LBM, and TBW were similar for awake or sedated cats and differed by 4.0%, 3.4%, and 3.9%, respectively, depending on the unit. The QMR minimally underestimated TBW (1.4%) and LBM (4.4%) but significantly underestimated FM (29%), whereas DXA significantly underestimated LBM (9.2%) and quantitatively underestimated FM (9.3%). A significant relationship with D2O measurement was detected for all QMR (r2 > 0.84) and DXA (r2 > 0.84) measurements.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—QMR was useful for determining body composition in cats; precision was improved over DXA. Quantitative magnetic resonance can be used to safely and rapidly acquire data without the need for anesthesia, facilitating frequent monitoring of weight changes in geriatric, extremely young, or ill pets. Compared with the D2O dilution method, QMR correction equations provided accurate data over a range of body compositions.
Evaluation of total white blood cell count as a marker for proviral load of bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle from herds with a high seroprevalence of antibodies against bovine leukemia virus
Authors: Alvarez Irene , Gutiérrez Gerónimo , Gammella Mariela , Martínez Cecilia , Politzki Romina , González Cintia , Caviglia Luciana , Carignano Hugo , Fondevila Norberto , Poli Mario , Trono Karina
Published: April 2013

Objective—To determine the reference interval for WBC counts in Holstein dairy cows from herds with high seroprevalence for anti–bovine leukemia virus (BLV) antibodies, analyze the correlation of total WBC counts and blood proviral load (bPVL) in BLV-infected animals, and determine whether total WBC count can be used a hematologic marker for in vivo infection.

Animals—307 lactating cows from 16 dairy herds with high BLV seroprevalence.

Procedures—Blood samples were collected for assessment of plasma anti–BLV p24 antibody concentration (all cows), manual determination of WBC count (161 BLV-seronegative cows from 15 herds), and evaluation of bPVL (146 cows from another herd).

Results—The WBC count reference interval (ie, mean ± 2 SD) for BLV-seronegative dairy cows was 2,153 to 11,493 cells/μL. Of the 146 cows used to analyze the correlation between WBC count and bPVL, 107 (73%) had WBC counts within the reference interval; of those cows, only 21 (19.6%) had high bPVL. Most cows with high WBC counts (35/39) had high bPVL. Mean WBC count for cows with high bPVL was significantly higher than values for cows with low or undetectable bPVL. White blood cell counts and bPVL were significantly (ρ = 0.71) correlated.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These data have provided an updated reference interval for WBC counts in Holstein cows from herds with high BLV seroprevalence. In dairy cattle under natural conditions, WBC count was correlated with bPVL; thus, WBC count determination could be a potential tool for monitoring BLV infection levels in attempts to control transmission.
Relationship of angiogenesis and microglial activation to seizure-induced neuronal death in the cerebral cortex of Shetland Sheepdogs with familial epilepsy
Authors: Sakurai Masashi , Morita Takehito , Takeuchi Takashi , Shimada Akinori
Published: April 2013

Objective—To determine whether angiogenesis and microglial activation were related to seizure-induced neuronal death in the cerebral cortex of Shetland Sheepdogs with familial epilepsy.

Animals—Cadavers of 10 Shetland Sheepdogs from the same family (6 dogs with seizures and 4 dogs without seizures) and 4 age-matched unrelated Shetland Sheepdogs.

Procedures—Samples of brain tissues were collected after euthanasia and then fixed in neutral phosphate–buffered 10% formalin and routinely embedded in paraffin. The fixed samples were sectioned for H&E staining and immunohistochemical analysis.

Results—Evidence of seizure-induced neuronal death was detected exclusively in samples of cerebral cortical tissue from the dogs with familial epilepsy in which seizures had been observed. The seizure-induced neuronal death was restricted to tissues from the cingulate cortex and sulci surrounding the cerebral cortex. In almost the same locations as where seizure-induced neuronal death was identified, microvessels appeared longer and more tortuous and the number of microvessels was greater than in the dogs without seizures and control dogs. Occasionally, the microvessels were surrounded by oval to flat cells, which had positive immunohistochemical results for von Willebrand factor. Immunohistochemical results for neurons and glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) were positive for vascular endothelial growth factor, and microglia positive for ionized calcium–binding adapter molecule 1 were activated (ie, had swollen cell bodies and long processes) in almost all the same locations as where seizure-induced neuronal death was detected. Double-label immunofluorescence techniques revealed that the activated microglia had positive results for tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1. These findings were not observed in the cerebrum of dogs without seizures, whether the dogs were from the same family as those with epilepsy or were unrelated to them.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Signs of angiogenesis and microglial activation corresponded with seizure-induced neuronal death in the cerebral cortex of Shetland Sheepdogs with familial epilepsy. Microglial activation induced by vascular endothelial growth factor and associated proinflammatory cytokine production may accelerate seizure-induced neuronal death in dogs with epilepsy.
Effects of hypoglossal nerve block and electrical stimulation of the thyrohyoideus muscles on position of the larynx and hyoid apparatus in healthy horses
Authors: Zantingh Alanna J. , Ducharme Norm G. , Mitchell Lisa M. , Cheetham Jonathan
Published: April 2013

Objective—To determine the effects of hypoglossal nerve block and electrical stimulation of the thyrohyoideus muscles on position of the larynx and hyoid apparatus in resting horses.

Animals—16 healthy horses that underwent hypoglossal nerve block and 5 healthy horses that underwent electrical stimulation of the thyrohyoideus muscles.

Procedures—Horses underwent bilateral hypoglossal nerve block or electrical stimulation of the thyrohyoideus muscles. Positions of the basihyoid bone, ossified part of the thyroid cartilage, and articulations of the thyrohyoid bones and thyroid cartilage were determined in radiographic images obtained before and after performance of hypoglossal nerve blocks or during thyrohyoideus muscle stimulation. Radiographic images were obtained with the heads of horses in neutral (thyrohyoideus muscle stimulation) or neutral and extended (hypoglossal nerve block) positions. Radiographic images of horses obtained after performance of hypoglossal nerve blocks were also evaluated to detect dorsal displacement of the soft palate.

Results—Hypoglossal nerve blocks did not induce significant changes in the positions of evaluated anatomic sites in radiographic images obtained in neutral or extended head positions. Hypoglossal nerve block did not induce dorsal displacement of the soft palate in horses at rest. Bilateral thyrohyoideus muscle stimulation induced significant dorsal movement (mean ± SD change in position, 18.7 ± 6.8 mm) of the ossified part of the thyroid cartilage; rostral movement of evaluated anatomic structures was small and not significant after thyrohyoideus muscle stimulation.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bilateral electrical stimulation of the thyrohyoideus muscles in horses in this study induced dorsal laryngeal movement.