Analysis of COVID-19 Infection Amongst Healthcare Workers in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Eze-Emiri CN , Patrick FA , Igwe EO , Owhonda GC 
Published: February 2022

Background/aims

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at an increased risk of infection and mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study determined the illness severity and mortality amongst COVID-19 infected healthcare workers.

Methods

The current study was a retrospective cohort study using population-level data. Secondary analysis was conducted on collated data from the Public Health Emergency Operations Centre (PHEOC) at the State Ministry of Health. The cohort included all documented healthcare workers with confirmed COVID-19 infection (diagnosed by Polymerase Chain Reaction). Data were gathered from the COVID-19 patient database of the PHEOC, on demographics, place of work, illness severity and outcome. Descriptive statistics were reported on the cohort characteristics. Adjusted odds ratio was used to report the measure of association between illness severity and risk factors.

Results

The mean age was 43 years and 50.5% of the cohort were female. Of the 301 healthcare workers, 187 patients were symptomatic with 32 requiring hospitalisation. From the available data, seven infected HCWs died of their COVID-19 infection, resulting in a case fatality ratio of 2.3%. A subgroup analysis was conducted on the health professionals infected –doctors (71.7%), nurses (27.3%), others (1%). Symptomatic cases were more inclined to progress to severe illness. Predictors of mortality assessed included age, sex, case class and illness severity. The logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2(9) = 16.965, α = 0.049.

Conclusion

Frontline healthcare workers are at an increased risk of exposure to COVID-19 infections. In Nigeria, there is a higher risk of experiencing a severe disease if symptomatic while infected with COVID-19. It is imperative that preventive strategies, proper education, and awareness are put in place to protect healthcare workers.

Summary Box

Healthcare workers as first responders, are vulnerable to workplace infections. It is manifest in the COVID-19 pandemic where deaths of healthcare workers resulted in further shortage of the already compromised human resource; consequently compromising effective healthcare delivery. As the pandemic progresses, studies have been conducted globally on this topic and scientific evidence continues to show higher mortality and disease severity of COVID-19. Nevertheless, it is important to understand the effect of COVID-19 on healthcare workers in Nigeria-a developing country.

This study highlights the illness severity and mortality associated with COVID-19 among the study population; its results presented a higher case fatality rate than both national and subnational rates. The results also further emphasises the need to protect healthcare workers; ensure they are knowledgable in both infection prevention and control, and that the healthcare space is safe against nosocomial infections

The study adds to the scientific evidence on the severity and mortality associated with COVID-19 in Nigeria. A national research is needed to extrapolate the findings from this study to the nation. Hence, expatiate on the global fight against coronaviruses such as COVID-19.