bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steam drying markedly increases the solubility of feruloylated arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide in sugar beet pulp
Authors: Abe TatsuyaTatsuya , Nagura Taizo , Uchino Hirokatsu
Published: September 2021

Three sugar beet pulp samples, which were dried by different methods (drum-dried, steam-dried, and shelf-dried), were prepared and hot water extractions (90 °C, 6 h) were performed to compare the pectic polysaccharide yield. The steam-dried pulp yielded 34.1 g of pectic polysaccharides per 100 g of dry matter. This represented about twice the yield of the other techniques, with a recovery of about 60% of the estimated amount contained in the raw material.
The pectic polysaccharide obtained from the steam-dried pulp by hot water extraction and dialysis contained larger amount of arabinose (32.4 g/ 100 g solids) as constituent sugars than that of commercial beet pectin. The weight-average molecular mass was 175 kDa, which was lower than that of commercial beet pectin (538 kDa) and most of the extracted feruloyl group were bound to this polysaccharide. These characteristics were similar to those of pectic polysaccharides obtained previously by autoclave extraction from wet beet pulp. It was presumed that the pectic polysaccharides contained in sugar beet pulp were partially hydrolyzed and solubilized under pressurized and high temperature conditions (0.25–0.3 MPa, 150–180 °C) during steam drying, making them easier to extract. Using steam-dried pulp as a raw material, feruloylated arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides can be efficiently obtained by hot water extraction under non-pressurized conditions without acid addition.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Sosial Guru Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas XI Jurusan Administrasi Perkantoran Pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Bisnis di SMK Al Wahyu Jakarta Timur
Authors: Hana Hana , Gayatri Askardiya Mirza , Robbani Hamzah
Published: September 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi sosial guru terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas XI. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei. Populasi sebanyak 41 siswa Kelas XI Jurusan Administrasi Perkantoran dengan teknik sampling total (sensus). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan di antaranya analisis regresi linier sederhana, koefisien korelasi, koefisien determinasi, dan uji hipotesis. Diperoleh hasil penelitian yaitu bahwa terdapat pengaruh kompetensi sosial guru terhadap motivasi belajar siswa Kelas XI Jurusan Administrasi Perkantoran pada mata pelajaran Ekonomi Bisnis di SMK Al Wahyu Jakarta Timur.
Lista de cotejo para evaluar la adecuación de trabajos académicos universitarios al formato de artículo científico
Authors: Gurrutxaga Mikel
Published: September 2021

Increasingly, higher education students have to perform academic works, both research reports and literature reviews, following the format of scientific articles. However, university students often face this type of work with limited prior knowledge of how scientific articles are structured and written. As an evaluation instrument, in this paper we design a checklist composed by 72 items to verify the adaptation of academic works to the formal characteristics of scientific articles in terms of organization of contents by sections; elaboration of text, figures and tables; citing and listing of bibliographic references. This checklist allows learners to self-evaluate the fulfilling of mentioned characteristics during the execution of their work and speed up the evaluation conversations between learners and tutors.
СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙ У ХАРЧОВІЙ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ
Authors: Тимчак В.С. , Тимчак С.В.
Published: September 2021

Харчова промисловість залишається одним із лідерів серед промислових галузей у здійсненні продуктових інновацій. Інноваційна діяльність у галузі спрямована на використання результатів наукових досліджень та розробок задля вдосконалення технологій виробництва, оновлення та розширення номенклатури продовольчих товарів, поліпшення їх якості. При цьому державна підтримка та інноваційна стратегія повинні передбачати систему організаційно-економічних заходів зі впровадження науково-технічних досягнень. Водночас впровадження сучасних технологій європейського рівня дасть змогу здійснювати комплексну переробку сільськогосподарської сировини в продукти харчування високого ступеня готовності, значно розширити асортимент і підвищити якість продовольчих товарів, удосконалити систему ціноутворення та наситити цією продукцією внутрішній споживчий ринок.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОПИТУ ТА СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ЗБУТУ НА ВІТЧИЗНЯНОМУ РИНКУ РИБНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ
Authors: Корман І.І. , Семенда О.В. , Гаєнко В.І.
Published: September 2021

У статті узагальнено теоретичні аспекти формування попиту та стимулювання збуту, запропоновано комплексний підхід до їх основних цілей, завдань, об’єктів впливу та засобів впливу, розглянуто процес формування попиту, цінові та нецінові фактори, що виявляють вплив на нього, стимулювання споживачів, продавців та торгових посередників, методи цінового стимулювання збуту. Висвітлено сучасний стан споживання риби в Україні, Європі та світі, рекомендоване та фактичне споживання рибної продукції. Розглянуто причини зростання споживання риби у світі. Визначено основні чинники формування попиту на рибну продукцію. Досліджено, які види риби користуються найбільшим попитом серед різних груп споживачів, а також обсяги попиту на різні види рибної продукції протягом року. Окреслено основні напрями для подальшого дослідження цієї теми.
ФОРМУВАННЯ, ОЦІНКА І РОЗШИРЕННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ЗРОСТАННЯ РІВНЯ ЛЮДСЬКОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Волощук К.Б. , Волощук Ю.О.
Published: September 2021

Стаття присвячена виявленню світових та регіональних тенденцій, визначенню проблем та детермінант впливу на розширення можливостей зростання рівня людського розвитку. Підтверджено зростання рівня життя й задоволення первинних потреб, а також виходу на перший план цінностей іншого порядку. Розглянуто показники, що застосовуються для розрахунку індексу людського розвитку на рейтинговій шкалі за двома варіантами розрахунків, а саме національною та методикою ООН. Проведено групування рівнів людського розвитку за національною та адаптованою методикою ООН. Визначено розташування регіонів України за Індексом людського розвитку на рейтинговій шкалі за двома варіантами розрахунків. Встановлено позитивну тенденцію зростання рівня людського розвитку загалом по Україні та у всіх регіонах, а також зменшення величини розривів між вищим та середніми рівнями, що хоча й не заперечує тенденцію зростання, але свідчить про скорочення розривів міжобласних рівнів людського розвитку за особливостями динамічних зрушень.
Immune responses induced by different vaccine platforms against coronavirus disease-19
Authors: Ahire Eknath D. , Kshirsagar Sanjay J
Published: September 2021

There have been significant developments in the design of nanostructured scaffolds for eliciting robust immune responses named vaccine. The technique is to produce strong immune responses is to manipulate the appearance of a pathogen. Subsequently pathogens such as viruses and bacteria often demonstrate of multiple copies of ligands on their surfaces, the immune system is predominantly sensitive towards multivalent presentations of antigens. Consequently, when designing a vaccine, it is beneficial to garnish a nanostructured surface with multiple copies of an antigen so it can effectively act as an immune booster. Different methods are there for the development of the vaccine, from them most of the techniques are well developed and reported and some of in the developing state. This review focuses primarily on cellular and non-cellular vaccines, the whole cells or cellular proteins either as the source of antigens or the platform in which to deliver the antigens. Purpose of this review, understand and discussion on the various vaccine platforms which will contribute noteworthy information to vaccine research and development (R and D).
The Importance of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychiatric Examination in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Kreshnik Myftari  , Gëzim Myftari  , Sevada Guço
Published: September 2021

Forensic examination, as part of the criminal process, is a complex activity in which the diagnostic momentis abnormally integrated, as the diagnosis is not intended for treatment or cure.It is understandable that the influence exerted by psychiatric examination on court decisions (it is mostlyabout psychiatry in general), cannot be separated from the historical relationship between psychiatry andlaw.In countries where the assessment of irresponsibility is based on a psychopathological-normative method,it is necessary not only to recognize the mental disorder, but also to assess how this disorder interactspsychologically in compromising the ability to understand actions and desire the advent of consequences.Reflecting on the above arguments, this paper focuses on the importance of forensic psychiatry andpsychiatric examination in criminal proceedings as a legal and medical study, as well as identifying criticalaspects of the inseparable relationship between psychiatry and law, until the moment when the judge willdecide whether the mental disorder under the Criminal Code prevented the perpetrator from understandingthe act committed, as well as whether or not he wished the consequences that came from this act.
Determination of Total Flavonoid Content and Initial Test of Anticancer Activity of Faloak Leaves and Fruit Extracts (Sterculia urceolata Smith)
Authors: Apris A. Adu  , I. Gusti Ngurah Budiana  , Sarci M. Toy  , R. Pasifikus Christa Wijaya  , Mas’amah  , Indra Yohanes Kiling  , Marylin S. Junias
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine the total flavonoid content and anticancer activity of Faloak (Sterculiaurceolata Smith) leaves and fruit extracts. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method determinedthe anticancer activity. Testing the total flavonoid content of n-hexane extract of the Faloak leavesand fruit were 1558.5 and 498.5 ppm, respectively. The total flavonoid content of the ethyl acetateextract of Faloak leaves and fruit were 876.5 and 621.8 ppm, respectively. The ethanol extract of Faloakleaves and fruit’s total flavonoid content was 338.5 and 1688.5 ppm. The anticancer activity test ofthe n-hexane extract of Faloak leaves and fruit showed that each extract’s LC50 value was 31.417and 50.736 ppm, respectively, and the LC50 value ethyl acetate extract of Faloak leaves and fruit were119.68 and 77.59 ppm. The LC50 value of ethanol extract of Faloak leaves and fruit were 43.82 and20.779 ppm, respectively. Both the leaves and fruit extract of Faloak had strong anticancer activity(<1000 ppm). However, the extracts with the strongest anticancer activity were the ethanol extract ofFaloak fruit and the n-hexane extract of Faloak leaves. Meanwhile, the extract with the highest amountof flavonoid content was the ethanol extract of Faloak fruit (1688.5 ppm), and the lowest amount wasethanol extract of the Faloak bark (4.5 ppm).
Assessing the three attentional networks in children from three to six years: A child-friendly version of the Attentional Network Test for Interaction
Authors: Casagrande Maria , Marotta Andrea , Martella Diana , Volpari Elisa , Agostini Francesca , Favieri Francesca , Forte Giuseppe , Rea Monica , Ferri Rosa , Giordano Vito , Doricchi Fabrizio , Giovannoli Jasmine
Published: September 2021

Attention involves three functionally and neuroanatomically distinct neural networks: alerting, orienting, and executive control. This study aimed to analyze the development of attentional networks in children aged between 3 and 6 years using a child-friendly version of the Attentional Network Test for Interaction (ANTI), the ANTI-Birds. The sample included 88 children divided into four age groups: 3-year-old, 4-year-old, 5-year-old, 6-year-old children. The results of this study would seem to indicate that between 4 and 6 years, there are no significant changes in attentional networks. Instead, between 3 and 4 years of age, children significantly improve all their attentional skills.
Youth Responsibility in Making the World Liveable: A Theological Perspective
Authors: Ijezie Luke Emehiele
Published: September 2021

The task of making the world a more liveable place is the responsibility of all in the society. The young people have the special role in this responsibility because they are the future of every society and constitute its most vibrant workforce. This essay reflects from a theological perspective on this special responsibility of the youth in the contemporary society. It examines the immense potentials of being young and explains how the young people can use these potentials to bring about positive change in the society
Penggunaan Dana Desa di Desa Tasik Juang Kabupaten Indragriri Hulu
Authors: Hamidah Larasati , Panjaitan Rido Parulian
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tentang penggunaan dana desa dengan pertimbangan utama bahwa dana desa berdampak besar dan signifikan terhadap pembangunan desa di Indonesia. Dengan mencakup penggunaan dana desa di Desa Tasik Juang Kecamatan Lubuk Batu Jaya Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu pada tahun 2018-2020, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi penggunaan dana desa, serta dampak penggunaan dana desa bagi masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menelaah data dan informasi dari berbagai sumber kepustakaan yang relevan serta melakukan wawancara kepada narasumber yang terkait dengan penggunaan dana desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis logic model. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi dana desa pada tahun 2018-2020 dialokasikan pada 4 bidang yaitu bidang pembangunan desa, pemberdayaan masyarakat, pembinaan masyarakat, dan penanggulangan bencana, darurat, dan mendesak. Secara umum, implementasi dana desa pada tahun 2018-2020 berdampak positf bagi masyarakat terutama pada bidang pembangunan desa.
Parametric Assessment of The Thermal Performance of Coal-Fired Power Plant
Authors: Omar J Khaleel  , Firas Basim Ismail  , Thamir Khalil Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

Exergy analysis has been found to be a useful method for improving the conversion efficiency of energy resources, since it helps to identify locations, types and true magnitudes of wastes and losses. It has also been applied for other purposes, such as distinguishing high- from low-quality energy sources or defining the engineering technological limits in designing more energy-efficient systems. To identify locations, types, and actual magnitudes of energy losses; exergy analysis has been found to be a valuable way for enhancing the conversion efficiency of the different energy systems. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of the operation conditions on the performance of coal-fired power plants. As well, this study focuses on the effect of different feedwater heaters' numbers that lead to the highest exergy destruction of the coal-fired power plants. For different values of the superheated steam temperature and the pressure, a parametric study was conducted to determine the efficiency of the coal-fired power plant. The results show that, when the pressures and temperature of the superheated steam increases the evaporator temperature will increases too. Increasing the temperature of evaporator rises the average maximum temperature of the cycle, which improves the thermal efficiency of the cycle as well as the powerplant efficiency. The results show that, at higher boiler pressures and temperatures, the temperature difference between the water/steam and hot gases of the boiler is reduced which means the irreversibility associated with the heat transfer process decreases. Therefore, by increasing the pressure and temperature of the superheater, the exergy efficiency of the thermal cycle is improved. It was observed that operating the coal-fired power plant at high superheated pressure and temperatures produce lead to reduce the exergy losses.
Numerical Solution for Unsteady Acceleration MHD Third-Grade Fluid Flow in a Rotating Frame Through Porous Medium Over Semi-Infinite Boundary Condition with a Presence of Heat Transfer
Authors: Shafaruniza Mahadi  , Yeak Su Hoe  , Norazam Arbin  , Faisal Salah
Published: September 2021

The aim of this work is to present a suitable numerical solution for unsteady non-Newtonian third-grade fluid which rotates at z -axis and pass through a porous medium. The fluid flows in magnetic field with constant acceleration and the semi-infinite boundary condition are highlighted. The fluid problem is also deal with heat transfer. The nonlinear partial differential equation is discretised using the finite difference method (FDM). The linear system obtained for three different domains (lengths). Consequently, the asymptotic interpolation method is merged to solve problems of large sizes. This hybrid method yielded results that satisfied the boundary condition that reaches zero as length grows to infinite length. For velocity profile and temperature distribution, a comparison of FDM and hybrid method is shown. It is discovered that the hybrid method produces better results than FDM for this infinitely large problem. Several analyses have been carried out to investigate the effect of various fluid parameter values. The findings reveal that as the porosity parameter increases, the velocity decreases. The Grashof and Prandtl numbers demonstrate the relationship to the temperature distributions. The effects of the magnetic field and the non-Newtonian parameters were also illustrated, as these parameters influence the velocity distribution of the fluid flow.
Authenticity of brands in the marketing commodity policy of the enterprise
Authors: Kirnosova Maryna
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the change in consumer priorities. The latest trends in the development of values of target audiences of enterprises are studied. The impact of the new generation Z's expectations on society and business is analyzed. The main differences between millennials and generation Z and past generations X and boomers in terms of purchasing behavior are revealed. The era of consumption, which was part of the lives of a significant number of consumers around the world, is gradually giving up. The paradigm of responsible consumption is being replaced. It is investigated that modern target audiences are increasingly concerned about the social responsibility of business, its ethics. Consumers are already demanding not only a reduction in the impact of production on the environment, but concrete action by them to solve society's problems. The essence of brand authenticity is determined. Honesty and sincerity, social responsibility, consistency of the principles of socially responsible production, consumers refer to the authenticity of the brand along with its unique characteristics and uniqueness. The study found that they are willing to buy those brands that share similar principles with consumers. It is determined that for consumers those brands are more valuable, for which the welfare of society, its employees, the environment is in the first place, rather than obtaining high financial indicators at any cost. This is especially important for Generation Z. It is expected that this trend will only develop and manifest itself more deeply. After all, the time is approaching when the new generation will become the bulk of buyers. The article identifies the principles of doing business, which should be supported by enterprises for the successful development and support of their brands in today's conditions and in the long run.
Causes and effects of inflation in Poland
Authors: Brukwicka Irena , Dudzik Iwona
Published: September 2021

In the paper it is discussed the causes and effects of inflation in Poland. The paper analyzes inflation in recent years, including changes caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Undoubtedly, the spread of the coronavirus has contributed to the changes in the economy. Inflation is one of the main macroeconomic indicators that reflect the economic situation of a certain country. It occurs when the prices of goods and services in the market increase, so each subsequent year you can buy less for the same amount. Inflation occurs when the price increase is constant and persists over a specific period of time, then the purchasing power decreases (M. Gamrot, 2014). It is not a rule that the overall price index is influenced most by the products that have the greatest price appreciation. The pass-through to the inflation rate also depends on the share of a product's "weight" in conventional household consumption expenditures. CPI inflation in 2021 in Poland is influenced, to the greatest extent, by energy prices causing food prices increase and core economic inflation. The factors forming inflation, are the so-called, inflation expectations significantly influencing consumption or investment decisions. Measures taken in the economic policy, such as a significant loosening of monetary or fiscal policy contributed to the mitigation of the effects of COVID-19.
DRIVERS AND CONSEQUENCES OF BUSINESS-REFERENCE-CONTENT (BRC): THE ROLE OF NARRATIVE TRANSPORTATION IN B2B COMMUNICATION
Authors: Jung Chang Mo
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 is bringing changes in B2B sales and marketing strategies. Digital interaction with potential customers has become more critical. Business-reference content (BRC) is the most shared content, mainly using narrative format, available to potential customers through digital touchpoints. Reducing perceived purchasing risk has been recognized as the primary benefit of using BRC, but empirical research on this has been insufficient. Therefore, this research investigated the underlying mechanisms of BRC and related processes that lower risk perception based on narrative transportation theory. For empirical analysis, a serial-parallel mediating model was established in which BRC type (narrative versus non-narrative) influences purchase intention through the mediation of narrative transportation and perceived purchase risks – functional risk and financial risk. In this experimental study, an online survey was conducted in which 233 purchasing managers in Korean companies participated. The analysis confirmed that the BRC type had a significant effect on the level of receivers’ narrative transportation. In addition, serial-parallel mediating effects through narrative transportation (primary mediator) and perceived functional risk and perceived financial risk (secondary mediators) were all significant. This research provides meaningful implications in that it broadens the theoretical understanding of BRC by presenting the integrated BRC effect model. Also, it clarifies the importance of narrative BRC in B2B marketing practices.
Chronicling the Host Galaxy Properties of the Remarkable Repeating FRB 20201124A
Authors: Fong Wen-fai , Dong Yuxin , Leja Joel , Bhandari Shivani , Day Cherie K. , Deller Adam T. , Kumar Pravir , Prochaska J. Xavier , Scott Danica R. , Bannister Keith W. , Eftekhari Tarraneh , Gordon Alexa C. , Heintz Kasper E. , James Clancy W. , Kilpatrick Charles D. , Mahony Elizabeth K. , Rouco Escorial Alicia , Ryder Stuart D. , Shannon Ryan M. , Tejos Nicolas
Published: September 2021

We present the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder localization and follow-up observations of the host galaxy of the repeating fast radio burst (FRB) source, FRB 20201124A, the fifth such extragalactic repeating FRB with an identified host. From spectroscopic observations using the 6.5 m MMT Observatory, we derive a redshift z = 0.0979 ± 0.0001, a star formation rate inferred from Hα emission SFR(Hα) ≈ 2.1 M
⊙ yr−1, and a gas-phase metallicity of 12+log(O/H) ≈ 9.0. By jointly modeling the 12 filter optical−mid-infrared (MIR) photometry and spectroscopy of the host, we infer a median stellar mass of ∼2 × 1010
M
⊙, internal dust extinction A

V
≈ 1–1.5 mag, and a mass-weighted stellar population age of ∼5–6 Gyr. Connecting these data to the radio and X-ray observations, we cannot reconcile the broadband behavior with strong active galactic nucleus activity and instead attribute the dominant source of persistent radio emission to star formation, likely originating from the circumnuclear region of the host. The modeling also indicates a hot dust component contributing to the MIR luminosity at a level of ∼10%–30%. We model the host galaxy’s star formation and mass assembly histories, finding that the host assembled >90% of its mass by 1 Gyr ago and exhibited a fairly constant SFR for most of its existence, with no clear evidence of past starburst activity.
Radiation GRMHD Simulations of the Hard State of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries and the Collapse of a Hot Accretion Flow
Authors: Dexter Jason , Scepi Nicolas , Begelman Mitchell C.
Published: September 2021

We present global radiation GRMHD simulations of strongly magnetized accretion onto a spinning, stellar mass black hole at sub-Eddington rates. Using a frequency-dependent Monte Carlo procedure for Compton scattering, we self-consistently evolve a two-temperature description of the ion–electron fluid and its radiation field. For an Eddington ratio L/L
Edd ≳ 10−3, the emergent spectrum forms an apparent power-law shape from thermal Comptonization up to a cutoff at ≃100 keV, characteristic of that seen in the hard spectral states of black hole X-ray binary systems. At these luminosities, the radiative efficiency is high (≈24%) and results in a denser midplane region where magnetic fields are dynamically important. For L/L
Edd ∼ 10−2, our hot accretion flow appears to undergo thermal runaway and collapse. Our simulations demonstrate that hot accretion flows can be radiatively efficient and provide an estimate of their maximum luminosity.
The Stellar β-decay Rate of 134Cs and Its Impact on the Barium Nucleosynthesis in the s-process
Authors: Li Kuo-Ang , Qi Chong , Lugaro Maria , Yagüe López Andrés , Karakas Amanda I. , den Hartogh Jacqueline , Gao Bing-Shui , Tang Xiao-Dong
Published: September 2021

We have calculated the stellar β-decay rate of the important s-process branching point 134Cs based on the state-of-the-art shell model calculations. At typical s-process temperatures (T ∼ 0.2–0.3 GK), our new rate is one order of magnitude lower than the widely used rate from Takahashi and Yokoi (hereafter TY87). The impact on the nucleosynthesis in AGB stars is investigated with various masses and metallicities. Our new decay rate leads to an overall decrease in the 134Ba/136Ba ratio, and well explains the measured ratio in meteorites without introducing the i-process. We also derive the elapsed time from the last AGB nucleosynthetic event that polluted the early solar system to be >28 Myr based on the 135Cs/133Cs ratio, which is consistent with the elapsed times derived from 107Pd and 182Hf. The s-process abundance sum of 135Ba and 135Cs is found to increase, resulting in a smaller r-process contribution of 135Ba in the solar system.
Analysis of carbohydrates content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS
Authors: Savych Alona , Duchenko Maryna , Shepeta Yulia , Davidenko Alexandra , Polonets Olha
Published: September 2021

Medicinal plants and their combinations due to the wide range of biologically active substances can influence on various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. One of such combinations is an antidiabetic herbal mixture (Urticae folia, Rosae frucrus, Myrtilli folia, Menthae folia and Taraxaci radices) with established hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, pancreatoprotective activity in previous pharmacological study in vivo. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify and establish the content of carbohydrates in free and bound form in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture. The carbohydrates were separated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after conversion into volatile derivatives as aldononitrile acetate. The monomeric composition of polysaccharides was studied after their hydrolysis to form monosaccharides and polyalcohols. The results of the quantitative study showed that the predominant carbohydrate in free form was saccharose in Urticae folia, L-fructose in Myrtilli folia, Rosae frucrus, Taraxaci radices and Menthae folia, L-glucose in Rosae frucrus. Concerning the determination of monomers of polysaccharides after hydrolysis, L-glucose prevailed in all plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture. The chromatographic study revealed a number of polyalcohols that are important for the treatment and prevention of progression of diabetes mellitus and its complications, namely, mannitol and myo-inositol.
Begonia pseudoedulis, a new species in Begonia sect. Platycentrum (Begoniaceae) from southern Guangxi of China
Authors: Feng Xin-Xin , Xiao Yan , Liu Zhi-Xian , Li Ren-Kun , Wei Dan , Tian Dai-Ke
Published: September 2021

Begonia pseudoedulis, a new species in Begonia sect. Platycentrum (Klotzsch) A.DC. (Begoniaceae) from southern Guangxi of China, is here described and illustrated. It morphologically resembles B. edulis H.Lév. and B. dielsiana E.Pritz. ex Diels but differs easily by its hairy petioles and inflorescences, and red hispidulous flower tepals, ovary and capsules. The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS supported that the new species was a monophyletic lineage, separating from both B. dielsiana and B. edulis. Due to its isolated distribution with several small populations, which are possibly disturbed by human activities, the species is considered as “Near Threatened” (NT) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
Exploring the key attributes of former racehorses considered to have the potential for a successful second career in horseball
Authors: Evans S.J. , Williams J.M.
Published: September 2021

The British horseracing industry is committed to safeguarding the welfare of racehorses throughout their racing careers and beyond. Former racehorses who do not retire to a stud career and are suitable for second careers are often retrained to compete in other equestrian sports. Horseball is a growing discipline, which proactively supports retraining of racehorses (RoR) that could offer a suitable second career for former racehorses. This study explored the key attributes that horseball competitors look for in a potential former racehorse to promote a successful career in the sport. Participants voluntarily completed an online, 18 question survey (SurveyMonkey®), distributed through horseball related communication channels (Facebook™, Instagram™ and the British Horseball Association). Horseball competitors were asked (a) what key physical and behavioural characteristics they considered necessary for a successful horseball horse and (b) whether they would consider competing a former racehorse. A total of 45 horseball competitors completed the survey representing a margin of error of ±13% at the 95% confidence interval for the UK horseball population (n=200). Most respondents celebrated former racehorses’ suitability for horseball competition; 73.72% (n=32) had already owned and competed a former Thoroughbred racehorse in horseball and 97.78% (n=44) would consider purchasing and competing one in the future. Former racehorses were recognised to possess key performance attributes: agility, temperament, and speed suitable for a successful second career in competitive horseball. However, injuries that impeded former racehorse performance; lameness and other chronic injuries, were deemed as detrimental to success in competitive horseball. Further work in collaboration with racehorse rehoming stakeholders is required to produce guidelines to identify specific behavioural and physical characteristics which could predict the suitability of former racehorses for successful second careers across equestrian disciplines.
Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) oil in growing rabbit nutrition: effects on meat physicochemical traits, sensory profile and shelf-life
Authors: Cullere M. , Singh Y. , Gerencsér Z. , Matics Z. , Cappellozza S. , Zotte A. Dalle
Published: September 2021

To determine the effect of the replacement of a dietary vegetable oil with the silkworm oil on the rabbit meat quality, two experimental diets were prepared: the control diet (commercial diet with 13 g/kg sunflower oil), and the control diet with total replacement of sunflower oil by silkworm oil (SWO). Rabbits received the control diet from 5 to 7 weeks of age, followed by the two experimental diets until slaughter at 10 weeks of age. Physical traits, proximate composition and sensory evaluation of the hind leg meat were considered. A seven-day shelf-life at retail display of the loin meat evaluated water holding capacity, pH, L*a*b* colour, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) attributed to time and to dietary treatment within time. Experimental diets did not modify any of the considered traits measured on the hind leg meat, with exception of the hind leg weight, heavier in the SWO group (P<0.05). Shelf-life trial showed significant differences for L* and b* colour values of loin meat at day 0 of retail display, with higher values for SWO than control group (P<0.05). However, at day 3 and at day 7 no statistical difference was observed between the dietary groups. These colour differences were not attributable to the meat oxidation as TBARs did not vary neither between treatments, nor among retail display time. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the total dietary replacement of sunflower oil with silkworm oil in fattening rabbits did not modify the physicochemical and sensory traits of the meat, as well as its shelf-life.
Effectiveness of eHealth Technology–Based Interventions in Reducing Substance Misuse Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kazemi Donna M. , Troutman-Jordan Meredith , Whitfield Julia E. , Pappa Emily V.
Published: September 2021

Generally considered an epidemic among young people, substance misuse has been a growing issue among older Americans for the past 40 years. Legal substances, such as alcohol, tobacco, and prescription drugs, including opioids and marijuana, are of primary concern when it comes to aging Baby Boomers. By 2050, 22% of Americans will be aged ≥65 years. Currently, eHealth interventions are receiving attention in treating substance misuse among younger Americans. The current study has two aims: to evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for older adults treated for substance misuse problems, as well as to investigate behavioral outcomes in reducing substance misuse. A comprehensive search of databases yielded 35,041 articles that examined reductions in substance misuse and problem behaviors as a primary outcome with eHealth interventions delivered to older adults. Once duplicate and irrelevant articles were removed, seven were left to be analyzed. Findings suggest use of technology to assess and intervene with older adults using various substances shows promise and, as a whole, older adults are receptive to online learning, screening and assessment, and interventions. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47
(10), 23–29.]
Modern Suture Anchor Techniques for Gluteus Medius Tear Repair With Concomitant Total Hip Arthroplasty Using the Direct Anterior and Posterior Approaches
Authors: Maldonado David R. , Kyin Cynthia , Diulus Samantha C. , Shapira Jacob , Rosinsky Philip J. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: September 2021

Gluteus medius (GM) tears are currently a well-established source of pain and disability. However, their role in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the setting of osteoarthritis (OA) has been underexamined in the literature. The purpose of this study was to report on short-term patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) for patients who underwent concomitant primary THA and GM repair. Data were prospectively collected from September 2011 and June 2017. Inclusion criteria were primary THA along with concomitant GM repair and complete follow-up for the Harris Hip Score, Forgotten Joint Score 12, Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey both Physical and Mental, 12-item Short Form Survey both Physical and Mental (SF-12 P and SF-12 M), visual analog scale for pain, and patient satisfaction. Patients were excluded if they did not have follow-up. Thirty patients (30 hips) were included. Mean follow-up was 24.2±19.3 months. Twenty-nine (96.7%) patients were female. Mean age was 65.2±7.4 years. Mean body mass index was 31.1±5.9 kg/m
2
. The posterior approach was used for 16 (53.3%) cases and the anterior approach for the remaining 14 (46.7%). Two (6.7%) patients had a less than 25% tear, 7 (23.3%) had a 25% to 50% tear, 14 (46.7%) had a greater than 50% tear, and 7 (23.3%) had a full-thickness tear. All PROMs except SF-12 M demonstrated significant improvement at latest follow-up. Patients who underwent THA with either the anterior or the posterior approach with concomitant GM repair using modern suture anchor techniques reported favorable PROMs at short-term follow-up. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(5):e653–e660.]
Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Foot and Ankle Trauma During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the New York Metropolitan Area
Authors: White Peter B. , Partan Matthew , Iturriaga Cesar , Katsigiorgis Michael , Katsigiorgis Gus , Cohn Randy M. , Bitterman Adam
Published: September 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel respiratory virus that has rapidly changed the practice of medicine. The authors sought to evaluate the clinical presentation and clinical outcomes of patients presenting with foot and ankle (F&A) trauma to the emergency department during the first wave of the pandemic. The authors retrospectively studied all patients who presented to an emergency department within their multicenter institution during the first wave of the pandemic in their region from March 1 to June 30, 2020, with F&A trauma. They compared this cohort with a matched control group of patients who presented the prior year. Demographics, perioperative factors, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) polymerase chain reaction testing/positivity rates, 30-day readmissions, and 30-day mortalities were collected and analyzed. During the pandemic, the authors saw a 62.0% decrease in the total number of patients presenting with F&A trauma. Patients who presented during the pandemic were significantly older and a greater proportion were male. There was a greater proportion of ankle fractures, fewer ankle sprains, and more open fractures presenting during the pandemic. A greater proportion of patients presenting to the emergency department were admitted (18.2% vs 12.5%). The 30-day readmission (n=13 [5.8%] vs n=38 [9.3%]) and mortality (n=4 [1.8%] vs n=3 [0.7%]) rates for admitted patients were similar (
P
=.114 and
P
=.232, respectively). The authors found that 9.6% of patients who presented had a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test result and that these patients had 20% mortality and readmission rates. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(5):313–319.]
Effect of Bone Coverage on Acetabular Implant Stresses in Standard and Dual-Mobility Total Hip Arthroplasty Constructs: A Finite Element Model
Authors: Smuin Dallas M. , Tucker Scott M. , Rothermel Shane D. , Lewis Gregory S. , Mason Mark
Published: September 2021

Although mechanical stress in total hip arthroplasty modular head-neck junctions is thought to contribute to the risk of trunnionosis and related metal ion disease in total hip arthroplasty, little is known about mechanical stress in the modular acetabular components. Recent retrieval analyses of dual-mobility constructs have demonstrated corrosion between liner and shell in some dual-mobility acetabular components. The objective of this study was to evaluate acetabular stress as a function of acetabular bone coverage, component modularity, and femoral head diameter. A parametric finite element model was created. The acetabulum was set at 40° of abduction and 15° of anteversion; superolateral bone loss up to 50° was modeled; and 28-mm, 32-mm, 36-mm, and 40-mm head sizes were simulated in stance phase of gait. Fixed polyethylene–bearing, monoblock and modular dual-mobility (MDM) acetabular components were evaluated. For traditional fixed-bearing components, the largest peak stress, 49.5 MPa, was observed with 50° of bone loss and a 28-mm head. The lowest peak stress, 6.3 MPa, occurred with complete bone coverage and a 36-mm head. Peak stress in the MDM construct, 25.1 MPa, concentrated in the chromium-cobalt portion of the construct. Larger head diameters are associated with decreased stress in the acetabular component when bone loss is present. An MDM construct with a stiff inner liner may decrease overall stress in the acetabular construct, but focally increased stress near the rim of uncovered acetabular components may increase the risk of metal-on-metal corrosion. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(5):280–284.]
Strabismus as a Presenting Sign in Retinoblastoma
Authors: Kiernan Miles , Fabian Ido Didi , Smith Vicki , Sagoo Mandeep S. , Reddy M. Ashwin
Published: September 2021

Purpose:

To report the presenting signs of retinoblastoma in a large cohort of patients who underwent orthoptic assessment at presentation.

Methods:

A retrospective medical chart review was conducted on 131 patients with retinoblastoma who presented consecutively to a single institution during a 6-year period. The main outcome measure was the presenting sign(s) of the disease.

Results:

Of 131 patients with retinoblastoma, 88 presented with unilateral disease and 43 presented with bilateral disease (mean ages: 22.7 and 14.8 months, respectively). Leukocoria was the presenting sign in 56% of patients, leukocoria and strabismus in 18%, strabismus in 13%, inflammation in 8%, and “other” signs in 5%. The fovea was affected by the retinoblastoma tumor or its sequelae in 75% of patients. Patients who presented with strabismus were significantly more likely to have foveal involvement than patients who presented with leukocoria alone (
P
= .001). Thirty-one percent of patients had strabismus as a component of their presentation; 63% had exotropia, 23% had esotropia, and 14% had variable strabismus. The percentage of patients with strabismus increased to 66% when small angle and variable strabismus were also considered. Patients with inflammation had worse ocular survival (
P
< .05).

Conclusions:

This study assessed the combination of leukocoria and strabismus as presenting features of retinoblastoma. Foveal involvement is common in patients who have strabismus and may influence decision-making regarding globe salvage. The authors confirmed that exotropia is more common than esotropia in retinoblastoma in the largest cohort to have undergone an orthoptic assessment.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(5):324–330.]
Bilateral Pseudo-hypopyon as Presenting Symptom of Acute Monocytic Leukemia in an 8-Month-Old Infant
Authors: Scoville Nicholas M. , Feng Shu , Taylor Mallory R. , Herlihy Erin , Wilkes Jennifer J. , Chisholm Karen M. , Tarczy-Hornoch Kristina
Published: September 2021

A previously healthy 8-month-old female infant presenting with lethargy and bilateral eye redness and cloudiness had bilateral hypopyon uveitis, which persisted despite topical steroids. Cytology of the anterior chamber and cerebrospinal fluid and flow cytometry of cerebrospinal fluid revealed malignant cells consistent with acute monocytic leukemia. Bone marrow aspirates and biopsies showed no evidence of disease. She was treated with systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy, with subsequent remission and resolution of pseudo-hypopyon. Anterior chamber involvement is a rare presentation of acute myeloid leukemia and may indicate concurrent central nervous system involvement. This has important therapeutic implications, because additional treatment modalities such as intrathecal chemotherapy, local chemotherapy, and ocular radiation may be required to overcome the “pharmacologic sanctuary” created by the blood–ocular barrier.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(5):e30–e33.]
Evidence-Based Suicide Screening and Prevention Protocol for Licensed Nursing Staff: A Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations
Authors: Zhang Rose W.
Published: September 2021

Suicide is a public health crisis in the United States and is frequently encountered by licensed nursing staff working in psychiatric settings. The aim of the current study was to identify evidence-based best practices for universal suicide screening and suicide prevention that can be used in psychiatric settings. A systematic literature search was conducted to determine evidence-based best practices in suicide prevention. PubMed, DynaMed, and CINAHL databases were searched using the following key words:
suicide prevention
,
interventions
, and
suicide screening in adults
. Results were limited to publications focusing on suicide prevention for adults. The search yielded >6,000 articles, which was then narrowed to only those that were peer reviewed. Narrowing the search yielded 234 articles and eight were included in this review. Only articles <10 years old and published in English were included. Individuals at risk of suicide need to receive evidence-based care effective in preventing suicide. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60
(4), 21–27.]
Mathematical and computational modeling of biological systems: advances and perspectives
Authors: Bianca Carlo ,   Laboratoire Quartz EA 7393, École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs en Génie Électrique, Productique et Management Industriel, 13 Boulevard de l'Hautil, 95092 Cergy Pontoise Cedex, France,   Laboratoire de Recherche en Eco-innovation Industrielle et Énergétique, École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs en Génie Électrique, Productique et Management Industriel, 13 Boulevard de l'Hautil, 95092 Cergy Pontoise Cedex, France
Published: September 2021

The recent developments in the fields of mathematics and computer sciences have allowed a more accurate description of the dynamics of some biological systems. On the one hand new mathematical frameworks have been proposed and employed in order to gain a complete description of a biological system thus requiring the definition of complicated mathematical structures; on the other hand computational models have been proposed in order to give both a numerical solution of a mathematical model and to derive computation models based on cellular automata and agents. Experimental methods are developed and employed for a quantitative validation of the modeling approaches. This editorial article introduces the topic of this special issue which is devoted to the recent advances and future perspectives of the mathematical and computational frameworks proposed in biosciences.
Two species nonlocal diffusion systems with free boundaries
Authors: Du Yihong , Wang Mingxin , Zhao Meng
Published: September 2021

We study a class of free boundary systems with nonlocal diffusion, which are natural extensions of the corresponding free boundary problems of reaction diffusion systems. As before the free boundary represents the spreading front of the species, but here the population dispersal is described by "nonlocal diffusion" instead of "local diffusion". We prove that such a nonlocal diffusion problem with free boundary has a unique global solution, and for models with Lotka-Volterra type competition or predator-prey growth terms, we show that a spreading-vanishing dichotomy holds, and obtain criteria for spreading and vanishing; moreover, for the weak competition case and for the weak predation case, we can determine the long-time asymptotic limit of the solution when spreading happens. Compared with the single species free boundary model with nonlocal diffusion considered recently in [7], and the two species cases with local diffusion extensively studied in the literature, the situation considered in this paper involves several new difficulties, which are overcome by the use of some new techniques.