bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of the LWD-200B Full Hydraulic Open Cut Mine Drill
Authors: Zhang Ji Ping , Han Xin Ping , Ma Shi Jin , Yang Zhao Feng
Published: May 2013

In order to improve the technical level, perforation efficiency and ability of LWD-200B full hydraulic open cut mine drill to adapt to the complex geological conditions, we developed LWD-200B multi-function full hydraulic open cut mine drill, the drill has rotary cutting, impact and roller bit drill three functions.The drill travel use hydraulic motor to drive crawler belt running gear, low speed high torque hydraulic motor to direct top drive drilling rod. Pressure and lifting system use a long stroke hydraulic cylinder, wire rope and pulley mechanism, load sensing constant power variable pump , load sensing electromagnetic proportional multi-way directional valve. The control system uses electronic control handle and PLC controller, design pressure, speed, length, temperature sensors etc. and GPS base station, with real-time data acquisition, display, lithology automatic identification, closed-loop feedback control, GPS precise positioning , the manual and automatic drilling, specified depth or level drilling function. It applies to drilling diameter 150mm ~ 200mm blast hole in various types of open pit mine.
Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties of Rubber during the Curing Process
Authors: Wang You Shan , Liu Qiang , Cui Zhi Bo
Published: May 2013

Vulcanization as the most important part of the rubber production process, it plays a decisive role to the final mechanical properties. Various mechanical properties change differently during curing process. In this article, the mechanical properties of tire rubber material, such as hardness, tensile strength, stress at definite elongation, elongation ratio at break, permanent compression deformation and modulus are analyzed at different state of vulcanization. The results show that changes of various mechanical properties are different during curing process, the longer curing time the smaller permanent compression deformation, the changes of hardness are very big, and the other properties also changed a lot. The study has a very important guidance to actual production and academic research.
Experimental Study on Stress Sensitivity of Ultra-Low Permeability Sandstones
Authors: Zhang Hai Yong , He Shun Li , Luan Guo Hua , Mo Shao Yuan , Lv Zhi Kai , Lei Gang
Published: May 2013

Ultra-low permeability rocks have plenty of microfractures. The stress-dependent permeability has a significant impact on the seepage. Previous studies are mainly on the permeability variation with stress in low permeability reservoir. But few are involved in ultralow permeability cores. In this paper, the experiment of stress sensitive ultralow permeability cores which are fabricated (both matrix cores and microfracture cores) is conducted. The experimental results shows that the permeability of microfracture low permeability cores which are fabricated increases greatly while the porosity of low permeability cores is little affected. This indicates that the fabricated microfracture cores are in line with that of the real situations of fracture media reservoir. By comparison, the permeability stress sensitive hysteresis degree of microfracture cores is not apparent and the permeability recovery degree is high in the unloading cycle. This study is of great benefit to reveals the stress sensitivity features of ultralow permeability reservoir
The Experiment Research of Corrosion Behavior about Tubing Steel in Environment with High H2S and CO2 Content
Authors: Li Wen Fei , Li Xuan Ye
Published: May 2013

The corrosion behavior of C100 steel in simulated environments with high H2S and CO2 content was studied through high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave, and the H2S stress corrosion cracking (SSC) resistance of C100 steel was evaluated by SSC tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique were employed to characterize the corrosion products and the metal matrix. The results indicate that all of the corrosion products in this investigation are mainly composed of different types of iron sulfide such as Fe0.95S, FeS0.9, Fe0.985S, Fe7S8 and FeS, and the absence of iron carbonate in the corrosion scales suggests that the corrosion process is governed by H2S corrosion. The corrosion rate decreases in the initial stage and then increases with the enhance of the temperature. There exists a minimum corrosion rate at about 110°C. Under the partial pressure of H2S lower than 9MPa, the corrosion rate decreases with the increase of P . While over 9MPa, a higher P will result in a faster corrosion process. When the applied stress is 72 %, 80 % and 85 % of actual yield strength (AYS), all tested specimens show no crack, which reveals a superior SSC resistance. The precipitation of the second phase particles at the grain boundary or in crystal grain, the dislocation tangle and the dislocation pinning of the dispersion carbonide hinder the SSC cracks to propagate.
Study on the Influence of Polypropylene Fiber and SBR Latex on the Static Strength of Rubber Mortar
Authors: Ruan Shao Qin , Lin Cheng Yuan , Jiang Si Xian
Published: May 2013

This paper deals with the investigation of the static strength of rubber mortar with the inclusion of two macromolecules: SBR (butylbenzene) latex and PP (polypropylene) fiber. The rubber mortar were produced with the inclusion of SBR latex and PP fiber. The characteristics were performed by testing the compressive strength, flexural strength and the C/F (it refers to the ratio of compressive to flexural strength). The results proved that compared to conventional mortar and rubber mortar, the C/F (lower C/F means better flexibility) of SBR latex modified rubber mortar decreased and its flexibility significantly enhanced. The rubber mortar with 2.5% P/C (it refers to the ratio of polymer-cement) of SBR latex performed best in flexibility and the flexibility of rubber mortar with 30% rubber particles proportion was better than the 20% counterparts. The C/F of PP fiber and SBR latex modified rubber mortar was minimum with 7.5% P/C (20% rubber particles proportion groups) and 2.5% P/C of SBR latex (30% rubber particles proportion groups).
Loading and Axial Deformation of Finite Element Analysis of Down-Hole Strings Used for Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Feng Ding , Xiao Ao , Liao Zuo Jie , Xie Yu , Ruan Chao , Wang Jia Wei
Published: May 2013

The string is loaded by ground thermal stress, fluid squeeze pressure and gravity in horizontal wells in the process of fracturing. The fluid-solid heat coupling theory is used to make the theoretical feasibility analysis on the column simulation of the fracturing string. Fracturing string is analyzed on the suitable physical model which is set parameters, boundary conditions and constraints on the basis of actual condition by the finite element method. And it is made by different formation temperature load coupling analysis. The tubing analysis focuses on axial stress, axial deformation, and the relationship between axial stress and circumferential stress. So, it obtains the change rules of string in the process of fracturing which directly compared results of the theoretical calculation of the force produced by the axial deformation. It proves the feasibility of this method. So the paper provides a basis for guiding the production process of fracturing string, which can improve the effect of fracturing operation.
Comparative Study on Pyrolysis Characteristics of Lignite Binderless Briquette and Raw Coal
Authors: Xu Bang , Chu Mo , Hong Ai Bang , Zhang Feng Ling
Published: May 2013

The article studies the pyrolytic properties of the binderless hot-briquetted lignite in East Mongolia during the process of middle-temperature and low-temperature pyrolysis, mainly on the law of semi-coke characteristics and the tar extracts, pyrolysis water, gas velocity, gas contents at different temperature, meanwhile compared the pyrolysis characteristics of the raw coal and briquette. The research shows that as the temperature increasing, the semi-coke yield obtained by pyrolysis of lignite briquette is nearly 6% higher than raw coal, Tar releasing is approximately equal to raw coal, the pyrolysis water yield of raw coal is about13.85% higher than the briquette, the gas yield of briquette is about 7% higher than raw coal, gas velocity of briquette is higher than raw coal, calorific value of briquette gas is about 3 MJ/Nm3 higher than raw coal, gas composition rules are approximately equal, and both with a high content of CO and H2, and as well as suitable for synthesis gas. The main process of binderless briquetting is to remove moisture from coal samples. It relatively makes gas releasing process and water-oil separation more easily and makes the gas calorific value improved.
Surface Modification of PBO Fibers by Low Temperature Plasma
Authors: Guo Qing Shi , Liu Dan Dan
Published: May 2013

Two methods including coupling agents after argon plasma and coupling agents before argon plasma were employed to modify the poly [1,4-phenylene-cis-benzobisoxazole] (PBO) fiber surface. The surface properties of PBO fibers were comparing treated by two methods of Coupling Agents before Argon Plasma and Coupling Agents after Argon Plasma. The interfacial shearing strength (IFSS) of PBO fibers/epoxy resin was measured by the single fiber pull-out test. The surface morphology and the wettability of PBO fibers were determined by scanning electron microscopy and . Washburn method. The results showed that the wettability of the treated fibers were improved. Under the same concentration of the coupling agents and the same parameter of argon plasma, the IFSS of PBO fibers treated by coupling agents before argon plasma (PBO-A-187-Ar) was always larger than that of PBO fibers treated by coupling agents after argon plasma (PBO-Ar-A-187). The IFSS of the untreated fibers was 5.88MPa, while at a 2% concentration of coupling agents (A-187), the highest IFSS of PBO-A-187-Ar and PBO-Ar-A-187 were 10.44MPa and 9.30MPa, respectively.
Study on Preparation of Mullite Powder Using Fly Ash by Mechanochemical Method
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chen Qun Yu , Gao Ding
Published: May 2013

This paper studies the structural changes of the mixture of fly ash and A12O3 grinded by planetary ball mill . By investigating the structure of the ground product by SEM, XRD and FT-IR, the mechanism of mullite formation is discussed. The crystal structure of the mixture was destroyed by the grinding of planetary ball mill, and with the grinding time increases, the specific surface area of the mixture increases as well. And this leads to the decrease of bond energy, the increase of the internal energy and the decrease of the activation energy. After this process,uniform mixture and direct formation of signal phase mullite can be obtained from the mixture grinded for 30 hours and calcined at 1150°C for 2 hours and the temperature for mixture ungrinded needs to reach 1450°C.
Static Stiffness Analysis and Simulation of 6-PTRT Parallel Robot
Authors: Leng De Long , Qu Dong Sheng , Liu Yan Wu
Published: May 2013

To reveal the static stiffness behavior of a 6-PTRT parallel robot and find out its change rule in order to provide the reasonable parameters for the structural design, the stiffness characteristics of this parallel mechanism was studied. Based on the influence coefficient method, a static stiffness model for 6-PTRT parallel robot was established. The proposed model considered not only the axis stiffness of actuator but also the stiffness of passive joints, and the change of Jacobian matrix and first-order influence coefficient brought about by tiny change of the parallel robot mechanism's configuration under external wrench. The static stiffness matrix of parallel robot in initial position and its stiffness distribution rules for a certain workspace were given by numerical calculation and finite element method, which comparatively verify the exactness of stiffness model.
Fracture Failure Analysis of N80 Q Marine Casing
Authors: Zhang Hong , Luo Quan , Liu Xu Hui , Wang Peng , Feng Ding
Published: May 2013

The 13-3/8〞casing of a well was bent down and broken off in the marine development completion process. The cause for the fracture is systematically analyzed by means of chemical composition analysis, mechanical properties testing, macro and micro fracture analysis and metallographic analysis. The results indicate that, the heterogeneity of the casing material and large oxide metallurgical inclusions found in fracture place severely reduce the properties of the material, which lead to the failure of casing pipe in bad service environment.
Research on Degreasing Method of the Parts in Aviation Oxygen Generating and Charging Equipment
Authors: Zhou Jun , Lu Song , Wang Fu Hong , Wang Jian Hua , Cai Cun Jin
Published: May 2013

This article analyzes the problems that the aviation oxygen generating and charging equipment face in the degreasing process. According to the related standards, we give the new degreasing methods, process, corresponding process of the equipment and effect detection method.
The Improvement of Casing Premium Connection Machining Method
Authors: Yan Kai , Zhang Hong Bo , Wu Gang , Lv Neng
Published: May 2013

Premium connection has high quality requirements on thread and sealing surface and needs to be machined by CNC lathe. Using loop program in CNC machining has advantages in reducing memory occupying, cutting the computational procedure and simplifying program. However, the processing profile curve often has a special shape. As a result, the idle motion of tools is increased and the production efficiency would be lowed. The paper studies the two procedures of rough turning process and finish turning process in a new gas tight premium connection machining. An improved method is developed by which the idle motion of tools is reduced and the machining efficiency is improved. The good result in the field application indicates that the improved method is practical.
MRR Prediction in Micro Channel Grooving Process by Ultra-Fast Pulse Laser
Authors: Chang Gang , Tu Yi Liu
Published: May 2013

Ultra-fast pulse laser is a popular tool in the Micro/nano channel fabrication. The final machining result is affected by numerous factors. To fulfill the design requirement and obtain a satisfactory machining quality and accuracy, screening the suitable parameter combination before experiment can save time and cost. This paper uses an integrated model of five prominent engineer parameters in a grooving process to plan the machining process. Additionally, some parameters in the model are adjustable during the machining process, the machining efficiency and fine finish are balanced due to prediction the evolution of the grooving.
The Experimental Study on Consolidating Effect of Acrylic Non-Aqueous Dispersion for Earthen Ruins in Southwest China’s Moist Areas
Authors: Yi Wu
Published: May 2013

It is a worldwide difficulty to preserve earth monument in wet area. To solve this problem, professor Zhou Shuanglin, an expert of earth monument preserving with College of Archaeology and Museum, Peking University, developed a consolidation agent named acrylic non-aqueous dispersion. But the study on this consolidation agent is still in its initial stage at present for most of its experimental researches are limited to northwest china and no research reports aimed at wet area in southwest China were found so far. To check out the efficiency of this consolidation agent in wet area, southwest China, a consolidating experiment was conducted by applying this consolidation agent to soil samples from kiln Qionglai earthen monuments located in outskirt of Chengdu city, the capital of Sichuan province. In this experiment, seeping speed, the changes of compressive strength and short-term water resistance of specimens after consolidating were investigated and compared with those for northwest area. The study shows that acrylic non-aqueous dispersion consolidation agent developed by professor Zhou Shuanglin is also effective to a certain degree for the earth monument in wet area, southwest China.
Study on Modified Natural Gas Engine Considering NOx Emission
Authors: Fan Chen
Published: May 2013

There was a conflict between NOx emission and engine power of modified natural gas engine. Influence facters of NOx emission and emission characteristics of existing modified engine were studied. Emission and engine power of natural gas engine modified from gasoline and diesel engine were compared. Then some sugesstion are brought out for designing low NOx emission natural gas engine and promote engine power.
The Evaluation Index System of China’s Energy Security
Authors: Zhao Ying Chuan
Published: May 2013

With the highlighting of the energy security problem, it is particular important to evaluate energy security. At first, this article introduces the conception of energy security, the factors and characteristics of energy system, and the idea of evaluation index. Then according to the framework of goals-elements-evaluation, design an evaluation index that is progressive deduction and three levels-four subsystems, five elements, and forty evaluation indexes. Four subsystems are coal system, the oil and gas system, the power system and the comprehensive evaluation system of energy. Five elements are balance of supply and demand, transportation capacity, mutation effect, economic security, ecological environment. Forty evaluation indexes are storage and mining ratio, transport capacity, impact factor of change suddenly, fluctuation rate of price, SO reduction rate and so on.
Experimental Analogy Method for Measuring S-Wave Slowness of Low Porosity and Low Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Wang Zhong Hao , Qin Fei Li
Published: May 2013

Fracturing technology is one of the most efficient ways to productivity evaluation, and the key of fracturing technology is how to describe rock mechanical behaviors to which S-wave slowness is an important parameter. According to the complexities of low porosity and low permeability of Pucheng oilfield, we designed and obtained the experimental scheme for measuring the velocities of P-wave and S-wave. The samples are focus on dry sample and rock with water saturation 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% respectively, under two conditions at normal temperature with 5MPa and with formation pressure at 90°C. By conducting triaxial test, the velocities of P-wave and S-wave under different temperatures and different pressures were obtained. On the analysis of 26 groups of data, the results showed that on the formation condition, S-wave slowness value varied linearly with water saturation, and S-wave slowness was also linear to P-wave slowness at different water saturation. Oil-bearing layer and water layer models were created separately, to compute S-wave through P-wave based on linear interpolation. We validated the new approach with an example from real array acoustic log data of Pushen 18 well. The results demonstrated the advantages of this method over empirical equation proposed by Entwisle’s and Dreiser Company. The relative error from them compared with log data are more than 10% whereas that of our method is 4.2%.
Modal Analysis for the Framework of Beam Pumping Unit Based on Solidworks Simulation
Authors: Wang Qiang , Xiao Jian Fu
Published: May 2013

The framework is the main load bearing part of beam pumping unit. Its vibration performance has an important effect on the stability and reliability of beam pumping unit. This article takes the beam pumping unit (API C-228D-173-74) as an example, carries out the modal analysis in the environment of Solidworks Simulation, and obtains the first 6 orders of modal shapes and natural frequencies of the prestressed framework. This article clarifies the key technology of how to build the solid modal and how to apply load and constraints. The analysis result of the modal shows that the lowest frequency of the pumping unit framework (API C-228D-173-74) is 22.39Hz, which may be most likely resonant with the motor. We can adjust the rotate speed of the motor to avoid resonance. At the same time, the stiffness of the front legs is insufficient, suitable strengthen measures should be taken.
The Hydrocarbon Generation and Exploration Prospect of Yanji Depression
Authors: Gao Sha Sha , Wang Hong Jie , Wang Xiang Hao , Fan Jing Jing , Zhang Xin
Published: May 2013

Yanji Depression was formed on the base of Upper Paleozoic strata. Distribution area of Carboniferous-Permian strata is about 1550km 2 , and the strata are preserved intact. By researching on the thermal evolution analysis of hydrocarbon source rock and the source-reservoir-cap combination, the hydrocarbon generation and exploration prospect was studied. The results show that the thickness and the depth of Carboniferous-Permian strata are great, and organic matter maturity is on the stage of high mature-past mature, and it has two stages of hydrocarbon generation process, and the residual hydrocarbon generation potential is low. Upper Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic have extensive sandstone reservoir, and have favorable territorial cap rock. It forms two types of source- reservoir- cap assemblage, and has great Hydrocarbon Resource Potential. After analysis the unconventional oil and gas, it shows that Yanji depression has the formation condition of tight sandstone gas and shale gas.
Organic Facies and Distribution Forecast of Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in Carboniferous, Northern Xinjiang
Authors: Yang Di Sheng , Jiang Ru Feng , Luo Xing Ping , Chen Zhong Hong , Ren Jun Min
Published: May 2013

Carboniferous, the sedimentary basement in northern Xinjiang, formed under the circumstances of sea-land transition, sedimentary evolution and intense tectonic movement with various sedimentary facies, causing the differences in regional distribution of hydrocarbon source rocks. According to the sedimentary facies, organic matter component and organic geochemistry of hydrocarbon source rocks, organic facies in Upper Carboniferous may be divided into 5 types, which are lake delta – shallow lake – semideep lake organic facies with mineral asphalt matrix, small sporophyte, desmocollinite and planktonic algae, lake delta – shallow lake organic facies with mineral asphalt matrix, shell debris and vitrodetrinite, shallow sea and transitional organic facies with vitrodetrinite, shallow sea – shallow sea shelf organic facies with vitrodetrinite, semideep sea organic facies with clastic-bearing and planktonic-algae-bearing small sporophyte. Based on outcrop sections, drilling data and lateral prediction of seismic facies, the principal characteristics for hydrocarbon source rocks of Upper and Lower Carboniferous in Junggar, Santanghu and Tuha Basin have been described in details, as well as the distribution forecast of hydrocarbon source rocks in Upper and Lower Carboniferous from different basins.
Study on Systematic Parameter Optimization of Jibai Oil Pipeline in Changqing Oilfield
Authors: Tang Yong , Liu Yi , Tang Wen Jun , Wang Yan Qing
Published: May 2013

Along with the development of modern industry, the demanded of oil increased quickly. The conflict between petroleum upstream and downstream industries are being acute increasingly. It is rather problem faced to each oilfield how is safe and effective transportation petroleum. Variation characteristics of oil the temperature and pressure were calculated in the delivery line. The results of calculation was been systematization, visualization and interface. Using the system, it is analyzed and calculated how is a reliably and effectually transported project in each pipeline, different temperature environment and different delivery parameters. Especially, two transported conditions are analyzed in detail: ①Unheated oil delivery line in Summer; ②In the whole year, the minimum oil transport capacity on the premise of permanent oil transportation. So the reliable guarantee is provided for storage and transportation technicians making efficiency and accurate oil transporting plans and system decision.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Productivity of Chang 4+5 Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs in Jiyuan Area
Authors: Zhou Qi , Yin Yan Yi
Published: May 2013

Productivity prediction is a technology for comprehensive evaluation of reservoir's oil-producing capacity, having important significance for early evaluation of oilfield and formulation of oilfield development plan. The percolation mechanism for ultra low permeability reservoirs is extremely complex, making productivity prediction difficult. The factors affecting oil productivity including reservoir parameters, production pressure difference and fluid property have been analyzed according to Chang 4+5 reservoir and production test data in Jiyuan area. Reservoir parameters have complex impact on oil productivity in production test: thickness of oil-bearing interval, electric resistivity, porosity, permeability and other factors all affect productivity in production test. The productivity in production test increases along with increase of production pressure difference under various thicknesses. The productivity is reduced with increase of crude oil viscosity. Reservoir parameter combination through comprehensive analysis is well related to productivity in production test, enabling the building of a regional productivity prediction model.
The Effect of Gas Slippage on Laboratory Results and Gas Well Production
Authors: Lv Zhi Kai , He Shun Li , Mo Shao Yuan , Zhang Hai Yong
Published: May 2013

This paper presents results from a laboratory study comparing Klinkenberg-corrected permeability measurements and apparent permeability measurements in tight gas sands. We also investigated the effects of slippage on laboratory results and gas well production. Our study shows the permeability lose rate caused by the slippage effect and medium deformation is larger than that only caused by medium deformation, comparing the stress sensitivity experimental results. From results of hundreds of experiments, the relationship between slip factor and Klingenberg-corrected permeability was set up by regression, in addition, the theoretical type-curve depicting the effect of slippage on production was plotted with consideration of both permeability and pressure of gas reservoirs. This type-curve is valuable for engineering application to judge the effecting degree of slippage effect on production.
Logging Fluid Identification Method of Low Resistivity Contrast Reservoir Invaded by Fresh Water Mud — A Case Study of well Block YD in Erdos Basin
Authors: Qin Zhen , Hou Min , Wang Zhong Hao , Guo Mai Cheng , Liu Rui
Published: May 2013

The freshwater mud invasion caused low resistivity contrast of oil and water zones in well block YD, then the reservoir fluid is very difficult to identify. By simulation study, the authors find freshwater mud invasion made the oil reservoir resistivity increase rate R/Ro from 3.8~6.8 to 1.5~2.5, and made a 65% reduction in the reservoir resistivity. But the water layer resistivity rise by 50%. That further reducing the contrast of the reservoir resistivity. Logging fluid identification rate of the reservoir is less than 74%. So the authors partition the well block YD, calculate a mixture resistivity of formation water after freshwater mud invasion, calculate true formation resistivity, then use resistivity increases rate and reservoir quality factor to establish reservoir recognition charts. This method rise the coincidence rate of 17 %.We use the method to deal with 49 wells in well block YD. The results raise the rate of approximately 10% than the original interpretation. It is a powerful direction for low resistivity well log interpretation.
Deep-Water Contourite Drifts in the West of North-China Platform
Authors: Luo Shun She , Gao Zhen Zhong , He You Bin , Lv Qi Qi , Meng Ying
Published: May 2013

The middle Ordovician of Pingliang area on the west margin of North-China platform is represented by a succession of deep-water sediments in which contourites are well-developed. Contour current deposits are well-developed. The contourites can be classified into:calcarenitic contourite, calcisiltitic contourite and calcilutitic contourite. Three typical contourite successions are recognized: complete contourite succession, incomplete contourite succession and contourite successions consisting only of calcarenitic contourites. According to the palaeocorrent and the palaeogeographic format analyse,carbonate contourite drift in the study area is unfolded crossing northwest-southeast, forwarding from southeast to northwest along the slope, and compared with other contourite drifts, it has some characteristics of coarser-grained sediment, thicker individual layers, and highly developed calcarenitic contourites and so on.
Influence of Hydrodynamics on Formation of Braided Fluvial Delta
Authors: Luo Shun She , Shang Fei , Lv Qi Qi , Liu Zhong Bao , Meng Ying
Published: May 2013

The changes of hydrodynamics will influence the formation of braided river delta. Based on many previous studies, this article does some quantitative analysis of migration rate of channel, sedimentation position for sandbody and the shape of bar under the conditions of flood, common water and low water on the basis of sedimentary simulation techniques, and transportation model of sandbody is set up under the experimental condition. The results of flume experiment show that the difference exists in the position of the thickest sandbody under diffident hydrodynamic conditions. Migration rate of channel is the highest in common water period, followed by flood period and low water period. The ratio of sandbody width/height increases and the ratio of length/width decrease gradually from flood period to common water period to low water period.
Statistical Study on Formation Natural Deviating Rule in Puguang Gas Field
Authors: Dong Shi Ming , Xu Ji Gang , Wang Qing Yuan
Published: May 2013

In order to investigate the effect of stratum on well trajectory, statistical approach was used to analyze the formation natural deviating rule in Puguang gas field. The analyzed results show that the formation natural deviating rule can be divided into two groups in Puguang gas field; they are the terrestrial stratum and oceanic stratum. The formation deviation directions are different from each other in the two groups, but the deviation directions tend almost to be up-dip. The further analyzed results show that the formation deviation direction is about 270-300 degree for the terrestrial stratum, and about 180-240 degree for the oceanic stratum.
The Deliverability of Horizontal Wells of the Oil-Water Fluid in Bottom Water Drive Reservoir
Authors: Zhao Chun Sen , Li Chao , Li Pei Jing
Published: May 2013

First, we researched permanent infiltrating fluid of horizontal well of the bottom water reservoir using the method of the mirror reflex ion and the potential superposition principle, so we obtained productivity formula of bottom water reservoir in the condition of monophase flow; On the basis of monophase flow, with the horizontal well productivity of monophase flow as the initial production, we deduced horizontal well productivity formula of two-phase flow of bottom water drive reservoir using the potential superposition principle and the method of equivalent filtrational resistance. This formula fit in with the field data in the practical application, therefore the theoretical study of this article has a certain guiding significance to the research and application on bottom water drive reservoir oil-water two phase flow.
Preliminary Study on Relations between Methane Carbon Isotopic Fractionation and Accumulation of Natural Gas of Lower Paleozoic in the Center of Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Yun Feng
Published: May 2013

Carbon isotopic fractionation frequently occurs during the process of source rocks generating hydrocarbon and its migration through the pore media. Conversely, the recorded isotopic information reflects some physical and chemical characteristics of the rocks, such as porosity, permeability and thermal evolution, etc. In this paper, based on the preliminary analysis of methane carbon isotopic fractionation of Lower Paleozoic in the center of Ordos Basin, China, some reservoir-forming factors like thermal evolution centers, gas pool margins, gas migration directions and the favorable accumulation zones were roughly identified. The results show the hydrocarbon-generating centers located in the Yanan-Jingbian area, the gas migrating direction from southeast to northwest, and the gas reservoir bounded by the lower permeable zone of Wuqi-Suligemiao-Yulin-Jiaxian. Finally, the isotopic results are supported by the otherss special research conclusions of source rock maturity and lithofacies palaeogeography. Therefore, the suggested viewpoints about carbon isotope in this paper have higher reliability.
The Coal Occurrence Tectonic Units and Coal Controlling Characteristics in Northwest China
Authors: Ning Shu Zheng , Cao Dai Yong , Chen Li Min
Published: May 2013

The coalfield sructure is mainly influenced by the Tethyan Geodynamics system and ancient Asia Geodynamics system in the northwest region, but theres no unified understanding for the coal occurrence tectonic unit yet. Based on the characteristics of coal-bearing strata of the northwest region, the northwest coal occurrence tectonic unit is divided into three systems: the northwest coal occurrence tectonic region, 3 coal occurrence tectonic sub-regions, 16 coal occurrence tectonic belts (points). Based on geodynamics theory and coal-controlling characteristics as the leading clue, this paper explores the basic coal-controlling characteristics in the sub-regions, and studies on the sructure characteristics of the Tianshan Orogen and the Qilian Orogen that impact the coal measure deformation. To carry out a study of the northwest region coal occurrence tectonic units, is of great significance for the evaluation and exploration of coal resources.
Foamy-Oil Flow Characteristic Considering Relaxation Effects in Porous Media
Authors: Li Ju Hua , Tang Rui , Xu Jun , Jiang Tao
Published: May 2013

The production of heavy oil reservoirs has present anomalous phenomena, in which simultaneous mixture flow of gas as very tiny bubbles entrained in heavy oil is observed in solution gas drive and natural gas huff and puff process. The foamy oil in viscosity fluid has strong mobility to lead to high production and high recovery. Flow properties in pseudo-single phase result in a new feature of reservoir performance. The objective of this paper is to investigate the foamy oil flow characteristic taking account of relaxation effects. Assumed to dual-component of the foamy oil, heavy oil component and tiny gas component, respectively, analytical formulas of the foamy oil flowing pressure distribution during the initial and later stage are derived by the mathematical analytical model of one dimensional unsteady boundary flow in porous media. The result compared with classical Newtonian fluid flow shows that relaxation effects on flowing pressure decrease slowly. By taking L Block formation and injection parameters as an example, the flowing pressure distribution at injection well and production well reveals that effective radius of the foamy oil and injection time have optimal value. Heavy oil component volume concentration is smaller, the greater the corresponding tiny gas volume concentration, i.e., the more foamy oil flow, the greater the pressure effective radius. Through analytical calculation, the injection parameters of natural gas huff and puff for heavy oil reservoirs are assessed. In the practice of heavy oil development, the relaxation effects on heavy oil flow in porous media should be reasonably utilized.
Research and Application of Deep Profile Control & Oil Displacement by Polymer Gel - Surfactant in High Salinity Oilfield
Authors: Luo Yue , Wang Ding , Bai Lei , Zha Ke Jian
Published: May 2013

A polymer gel-surfactant composition profile control technology has been developed, basing on the high salinity, especially high levels of Ca2+, Mg2+ in the injection water of the Hongshanzui oilfield. The construction parameters of deep profile control & oil displacement have been studied by performing core displacement experiments. The results show that the ratio of polymer gel slug and active agents slug is 1:0.3, the best ratio of strong polymer gel, medium polymer gel and weak polymer gel slug is 4:3:3. The way of combination is stronger gel slug + surfactant slug + in strong gel slug + weak gel slug + surfactant slug + strong gel sealing slug. The application effect of this technology in Hongshanzui oilfield is remarkable, the 12 tune flooding group daily oil production rose from 85t to 130t and the liquid water content decreased from 75% to 67%.
Optimal Design of QSY-Type Pumping Unit Balancing Adjustment Device
Authors: Wang Lin Ping , Zeng Ya Qin , Liu Yi Shan
Published: May 2013

For now the beam pumping unit balance adjustment manually of labor-intensive, low efficiency, less secure, low adjustment accuracy, besides most of the balance device intelligence level not enough, installation and maintenance of complicated and other issues. In this paper pumping unit balance adjustment technology for theoretical support, combined with mechanical and electrical system design an intelligent balance adjustment device. The device can be based on real-time balance condition of beam pumping unit to adjust balance automatically, so that the pumping unit runs in relatively balanced conditions. Experiments show that after installation of devices, the pumping unit balance adjustment of efficiency and safety factors are improved in large extent, what’s more the desired adjustment effect and energy saving purposes are achieved.
A New well Pattern for Enhancing Waterflood Performance of Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoir in Changqing Oilfield
Authors: Zhang Zhang , He Shun Li , Zhang Hai Yong
Published: May 2013

Because the development of ultra-low permeability reservoir is relative to fracture system, suitable well pattern arrangement is very significant for effective flooding management. There were three kinds of well pattern used to waterflood in Changqing oilfield: square inverted nine-spot, rhombus inverted nine-spot and rectangular five-spot pattern, according to the degree of fracture growth. In view of the defects of these well patterns in the development of ultra-low permeability reservoirs, a new well spacing concept is developed. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the adaptability and strong points of this new well pattern. For this well pattern, on the one hand, the distance between producers and injectors along the fracture direction is widened and thus massive fracturing can be conducted to enhance oil productivity and water injection, and on the other hand, a high producer/injector ratio ensures high oil recovery rate in early stage. Besides, this new well pattern has a great ability of adjustment. Field application showed a remarkably well producing performance.
Rheological Properties of Water Based Drilling Fluid in Deep Water Drilling Conditions
Authors: Yue Qian Sheng , Yang Qing Zhi , Liu Shu Jie , He Bao Sheng , Hu You Lin
Published: May 2013

The rheological property of the drilling fluid was one of the focus problems in deep-water drilling, which was widely concerned. In the article, the viscosity-temperature properties of commonly used water soluble polymeric solution, polymeric brine solution, bentonite slurry, polyacrylamide-potassium chloride drilling fluid with different densities and water-base drilling fluid systems commonly used for China offshore well drillings were studied. 4°C-to-20°C viscosity ratio and 4°C-to-20°C YP ratio were used to judge the thickening level of drilling fluids due to low temperature. The experimental results show that on the condition of without considering the influence of pressure on the rheological property of water-base drilling fluid, its viscosity and yield point raised obviously with the decrease of temperature, but the increase level is proximately the same, its 4°C-to-20°C apparent viscosity ratio is basically within the 1.50. Analysis indicates that the viscosity of water-base drilling fluid depends on the viscosity of dispersed media. The performance of water medium determines the viscosity-temperature property of the water-based drilling fluid. It is proposed that in deep water drillings, if a water-base drilling fluid is used, it is not necessary to emphasize the influence of deep water and low temperature on the flowability. On the condition of guaranteeing wellbore stability and borehole cleaning, it is more suitable for using the water-base drilling fluid with low viscosity and low gel strength for deep water well drillings.
Application and Cognition of Unconventional Horizontal Well Drilling Technology in Shengli Oilfield
Authors: Niu Hong Bo , Zhao Hong Shan , Cao Ji Fei
Published: May 2013

Long Horizontal Section Well has been an important way to explore deficient oil/gas field. Relative drilling technology has developed rapidly in recent years in China. This article puts focus on the methodology of well plan, trajectory control and matched tools and application situation of drilling fluid and drilling equipment for long horizontal section well. Based on the analysis of drilling and completion technical difficulties, suitability of some well design methods such as catenary curve used to decline friction and torque have been discussed, and even more practical means proven in many designs have been recommended. After introducing the drilling capability of the long horizontal-section well, the article indicated some special characteristic of the horizontal section wells and difference from ERD wells. Consequently, some advice is given on the definition and development of the drilling technology of long horizontal section wells.
Feasibility Study on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Drilling Equipment
Authors: Liu Xiao Lan , Liu Jian Gang , Niu Hong Bo
Published: May 2013

Some novel drilling technology has promoted the exploration of unconventional oil and gas resources greatly, such as gas drilling, long horizontal section well drilling and so on. As special matter, Supercritical carbon dioxide has many useful characteristic. For example, relative higher gravity like water, lower viscosity like gas and wonderful crude oil displacement characteristics, these could play some important role if being used in exploration of unconventional oil and gas. Therefore, the feasibility study of supercritical carbon dioxide drilling technology and equipment matching plan are discussed in this article to make the preliminary studies and preparation of related technology. On the basis of a lot of research and study, This paper carries out a feasibility study of supercritical carbon dioxide drilling equipment.
Experimental Study on Emergency Reclaiming of Offshore Underwater Leakage Oil
Authors: Chu Xin Jie , Gao Hui , Xu Song Sen
Published: May 2013

The offshore leakage oil accidents bring great harm to society, economy and ecology. The paper presents a new technology of reclaiming of offshore underwater leakage oil to achieve the aim of emergency treatment, which can improve the emergency speed to win some valuable time for marine casualty treatment, and meanwhile can reduce environmental pollution loss caused by the leakage oil. Designed two groups of physical model test, the test results show that: The technical principle is feasible in theory, and the flexible collection tank in stress has more advantage than the rigid one. It is very significant to promote marine oil spill emergency response ability, and also lays a solid foundation for further forming series of technology and equipments.
The Clustering Analysis about Casing Damage and Sidewall Collapse in Six and Seven Area of Tahe Oilfield
Authors: Zhang Jian Jun , Liu Fei , Yi Xian Zhong , Chang Wei , Wan Wen Ni , Ji Yuan Qiang
Published: May 2013

By censusing and Sorting the current datas of casing damage and sidewall collapse wells over six and seven area of Tahe oilfield, analyzed all kinds of influence factors and technical countermeasures. Downhole liquid level height is the breakthrough point when considering the stress state of casing and sidewall. And calculate critical level value of casing damage and sidewall collapse. Along with the deep pumping technology of Tahe oilfield development, it's necessary for Real-time monitoring well liquid level height to guarantee the working level cannot achieve critical height.
Sensitivity Analysis of Parameters Affecting the Number of Data Points in Kriging Interpolation
Authors: Li Jun , Li Shao Hua , Li Ruo Zhu
Published: May 2013

The more data used in Kriging interpolation, the more reliable the results will be, but time consumption will increase exponentially. In order to ensure as much as data be involved in interpolation and maintaining reasonable time consuming, the number of data points must be properly selected. The number of conditional data points is determined by average weight coefficient based on the deep analysis of Kriging interpolation algorithm of Geostatistics. When the average weight coefficient is small enough, finding the balance point, then accuracy and time consumption can achieve a best result. Change dimensions, grid size and the range of Variogram to analyze the sensitivity the data points selected imposed on them. The most ideal number of data points is 40-60, and the main affecting factor is calculation dimension.
Distribution Regularity of the Wide-Spread Sandstone of He8 Fomation in Ordos Basin
Authors: Luo Shun She , Lv Qi Qi , Shang Fei , Liu Zhong Bao , Dai Rong , Li Lin Jing
Published: May 2013

Based on previous studies, the formation mechanism of large-area distribution of sandstone was studied from the views of source supply, ancient terrain, hydrodynamic property and frequent changes of lake level. Sedimentation simulating experiment revealed that the controlling factors of large-area distribution of sandstone include ancient terrain, lake level, source supply, flow, velocity stream. The ancient terrain slope and shallow lake are important geological background, strong source supply is material basis, intersected multi-water is an important way, high velocity stream is considerable driving force, frequent changes of lake level is important controlling factor.
The Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Transmission in the Process of Coalbed Methane (CBM) Wells Drainage in the South Block of Shizhuang
Authors: Wang Xiang Hao , Wang Yan Bin , Gao Sha Sha , Cheng Jia Hui , Xu Hui Jie , Wu Jing
Published: May 2013

Based on the data of CBM vertical well’s exploration and development in the south block of Shizhuang. This paper applies the method of comparison and adopts the software Visual Modflow4.2. The software simulated the 8th well whose original permeability and modified permeability is both poor and the groups of wells when draining for the rule of hydrostatic transmission. Results show that the relationship between original permeability and modified permeability determine the track of hydraulic transmission. When single well is draining, the hydraulic transmission can be seen as several concentric circles whose center is wellbore, but when the groups of wells are draining, regularity is the change of water level is not obvious because of the heterogeneity of coal reservoir. After draining for a long time, the water level difference between drained area and not drained area has appeared. The potential energy of underground water has a trend that overall downward, but did not form effective interference between the wells. Therefore, the original permeability and modified permeability become the key factor whether a region has high yield or not.