bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural Adaptation and Optimization of the Compliance Questionnaire-Rheumatology (CQR) Through Statistical Methods for Patients with Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Subtirelu Mihaela Simona , Turcu-Stiolica Adina , Vreju Florentin Ananu , Ciurea Paulina Lucia , Dinescu Stefan Cristian , Barbulescu Andreea Lili , Neamtu Johny , Dănciulescu Raluca Christiana
Published: December 2024

There is a growing interest in the management of long-term conditions and increasing awareness of the need for compliance/adherence's assessment. An inexpensive and simple way to measure patients’ treatment compliance is pharmacoeconomic measurement tools.

The aim of the study is to increase the quality of assessment of patients’ compliance through statistical methods in order to obtain a more accurate estimation and a shorter, easy-to-respond self-administered questionnaire. We used the Compliance Questionnaire-Rheumatology (CQR) translated into Romanian and we verified the reliability and the internal consistency of this instrument. The research included 140 consecutive patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis according to currently used criteria, with different treatment strategies and from different parts of Romania. Two methods for CQR's optimization were used. The first method identified associations between CQR score and patient compliance. An exploratory factor analysis was performed, as an alternative method, to reduce the number of items in CQR.

The factor analysis identified a two-dimensional 9 item model that explains 66.78% of the variance in adherence and has a good internal consistency and fits the data. A shortened and optimized version of the CQR increases the clinical utility by reducing the patient’s burden while maintaining a good level of reliability.
PREPARATION AND STUDY OF MONODISPERSE IRON NANOPARTICLES
Authors:   Institute of Physics Ministry of Science Organization of Azerbaijan, MUSAYEVA N N , KHALILOVA H H ,   Institute of Physics Ministry of Science Organization of Azerbaijan, IZZATOV B M ,   Institute of Physics Ministry of Science Organization of Azerbaijan, ZARETSKAYA E P ,   State Educational Institution "Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Materials Science", GREMENOK V F ,   Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, KISILEV D A ,   National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"
Published: December 2024

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method using its chloride salt (FeCl3‧6H2O) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. A special feature of the synthesis is the relatively low production temperature – 100 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed an almost single-phase state of the resulting material with a cubic structure. Microphotographs of the samples indicate the nanodispersed state of iron particles in the form of small spherical and large rod-shaped particles with a transverse size of up to 10 nm and an average length of 50 nm. Analysis of the data obtained during the research showed that the proposed sol-gel method is a simple and controlled method for the synthesis of monodisperse iron nanoparticles.
MODULATION OF THE POSITIVE COLUMN IN STEP IONIZATION MODE IN LOW TEMPERATURE GAS-DISCHARGE PLASMA
Authors:   Baku State University, ABDINOV A Sh , GUSEINOV T Kh ,   Baku State University
Published: December 2024

The positive column of a low-temperature gas discharge was studied in a modulating mode and it was found that in the case of stepwise ionization, when metastable levels are destroyed only by electron impact, the static current-voltage characteristic of the discharge is not descending, and the transition of the current from one value to another is directly determined by the ionization mode, i.e., the initial and final electron concentrations do not change. In order for the static current-voltage characteristic to be downward, in addition to the dissolution of metastable levels at which stepwise ionization occurs, the process of ambipolar diffusion must also occur, regardless of the electron concentration.
ASSESSMENT OF SOLAR POTENTİAL İN ARAN ECONOMİC REGİON
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, YUSIFBEYLI N A , HASANOV R I ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
Published: December 2024

Currently, electricity used all over the world has become one of the most important needs of people. Converting solar energy into electricity with PV installations is the most popular method of solar energy. A photovoltaic (PV) cell, sometimes called a solar cell, is a device that converts sunlight directly into electricity. There are some PV cells that can convert artificial light into electricity. Sunlight consists of photons and particles of sunlight. These photons contain different amounts of energy corresponding to certain wavelengths of the solar spectrum. When photons strike a PV cell made of semiconductor material, they may be reflected from the cell, pass through the cell, or be absorbed by the semiconductor material. Only absorbed photons provide energy to generate electricity
Open Source in Entertainment: How the Academy Software Foundation Creates Shared Value
Authors: Robertson Barbara
Published: December 2024

Open Source in Entertainment: How the Academy Software Foundation Creates Value tells the story of the ASWF; how it came to be, where it came from, what it has achieved so far, and where it aims to go next. It is a story about engineers and leaders who collectively generate value by developing critical open source software that powers much of the entertainment, gaming, and media industry productions, as well as the open standards needed for growth. Filled with imagery from iconic films, the report presents a compelling narrative about industry competitors, who, by working together, have shared and sustained the technologies used to create mesmerizing visual effects for professional studios and filmmaking enthusiasts alike.
2021 Data and Storage Trends
Authors: Hendrick Stephen , Carter Hilary , Perlow Jason
Published: December 2024

Enterprise storage trends are all about core IT functions and day-to-day business challenges. 2020, however, was not your typical business year. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was clear that the demand for secure and affordable data and storage services was exacerbated, but more insight into the current landscape was needed, especially the role of open source in this equation.

The SODA Foundation is an open source project under the Linux Foundation that fosters an ecosystem of open source data management and storage software for data autonomy. SODA offers a neutral forum for cross-project collaboration and integration and provides end-users quality end-to-end solutions.

In April of 2021, the SODA Foundation, in partnership with the Linux Foundation, launched a survey to understand evolving data and storage trends that was conducted in English, Chinese, and Japanese-speaking markets — in particular, to identify the current challenges, gaps, and trends for data and storage in the era of Cloud Native, edge, AI, and 5G.

The intention is to use this survey data to help guide the SODA Foundation and its surrounding ecosystem on important issues and help its members be better equipped to make decisions, improve their products, and the SODA Foundation to establish new technical directions.
Census II of Free and Open Source Software — Application Libraries
Authors: Nagle Frank , Dana James , Hoffman Jennifer , Randazzo Steven , Zhou Yanuo
Published: December 2024

Produced in partnership with Harvard Laboratory for Innovation Science (LISH) and the Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF), Census II is the second investigation into the widespread use of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS). The Census II effort utilizes data from partner Software Composition Analysis (SCA) companies including Snyk, the Synopsys Cybersecurity Research Center (CyRC), and FOSSA. The aggregated data includes over half a million observations of FOSS libraries used in production applications at thousands of companies, aiming to shed light on the most commonly used FOSS packages at the application library level. This effort builds on the Census I report that focused on the lower level critical operating system libraries and utilities, improving our understanding of the FOSS packages that software applications rely on. Such insights will help identify critical FOSS packages to allow resource prioritization to address security issues in this widely used software.
A Deep Dive into Open Source Program Offices: Structure, Roles, Responsibilities, and Challenges
Authors: Haddad Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

Open source projects and initiatives provide enterprises with proven, successful models to collaborate with other organizations, create new technologies, and support the development of new communities. Organizations across many industries are establishing Open Source Program Offices (OSPOs) and staffing them with highly skilled individuals to drive open source software leadership and gain a critical foothold in this external research and development ecosystem.

A Deep Dive into Open Source Program Offices examines how enterprises structure their OSPOs and the required minimal staffing needed for their operation, discusses the responsibilities of such offices, and elaborates on the challenges that are faced in open source enterprise adoption.
CTO Summit Report EU 2022: Resiliency in Multi-Cloud
Authors: Seidel Udo , Carter Hilary , Sharma Priyanka
Published: December 2024

Multi-Cloud resiliency means avoiding or mitigating an adverse event's impact and being ready for unexpected outcomes. Achieving Multi-Cloud resiliency requires different approaches than those that are used within a single cloud, no-cloud environments, or even hybrid cloud environments. Finding a path to federate Multi-Cloud architectures is a growing concern for many organizations.

In May 2022, the Linux Foundation and the CNCF hosted the first-ever Chief Technology Officer (CTO) Summit about Multi-Cloud resiliency, and how to achieve it. The Summit included 21 participants from six business verticals, each representing diverse industry sectors and functions, including aeronautics, automotive, semiconductor, insurance, telecommunication, healthcare, business services, technology, banking, fintech and finance, e-commerce, social media, and audio streaming.

The following report captures the significant findings of the Summit participants, the questions raised, and the concerns that must be addressed.
Paving the Way to Battle Climate Change: How Two Utilities Embraced Open Source to Speed Modernization of the Electric Grid
Authors: Goodman Shuli
Published: December 2024

Paving the Way to Battle Climate Change: How Two Utilities Embraced Open Source to Speed Modernization of the Electric Grid is a case study of how two large European distribution and transmission systems operators, the Netherlands’ Alliander and France’s RTE, adopted and contributed to three significant LF Energy projects, SEAPATH, CoMPAS, and OpenSTEF so that their electrical substations can become more modular, interoperable, and scalable, and alleviate the challenges associated with less predictable renewable energy sources. The study illustrates how the two firms learned that joining forces via open source collaboration enables them to develop more software solutions and do so up to ten times faster than if they worked on proprietary software solutions alone.
The Effect of Recreational Drugs on Hormonal Parameters in Pakistani Infertile Males
Authors: Nawab Zada  , Mohammad Shoaib Khan  , Sibghat Ullah
Published: December 2024

Objective: To determine the effects of the different recreational drugs (cigarettes, dipping tobacco and marijuana) on the hormonal parameters of infertile Pakistani males.
Methodology:  This case Control study was conducted at the Institute of Basic Medical Science, Khyber Medical University (IBMS-KMU), Peshawar, Bannu Medical College (BMC), Samad Clinical Laboratories, and Shah Noor Medical laboratories Bannu from   2016-2018. The study population consisted of 160 apparently healthy infertile adult males of Pashtoon ancestry which were divided in to four groups, consisting of (n = 40) subjects each. The serum was brought to room temperature and then left for 30 minutes. Hormonal profiles of LH, FSH and testosterone were measured by ELISA technique using commercially available kits.     
Results: The level of FSH in the serum of controls, smokers, dipping tobacco users and marijuana users was 1.72 IU/L, 2.50 IU/L, 2.12 IU/L and 3.06 IU/L respectively. The results show an increase in the level of FSH in the recreational drugs users as compared to controls. The level of serum Luteinizing hormone among different groups was observed to be 2.44 IU/L, 1.91 IU/L, 2.11 IU/L and 2.04 IU/L for controls, smokers, dipping tobacco users and marijuana users respectively, showing a decrease in groups using recreational drugs as compared to controls. The decrease was more pronounced in smokers, followed by marijuana users and dipping tobacco users. Serum testosterone level in different groups of the study were4.42 ng/ml, 3.81 ng/ml, 3.57 ng/ml and 3.59 ng/l in controls, cigarette smokers, dipping tobacco users and marijuana users, respectively.
Conclusion: Our study showed that the users of recreational drugs affect the hormonal parameters, which in turn causes a decrease in sperm count, and active motility, thereby causing infertility.
Prevalence of Chronic Otitis Media in School Going Children of Saidu Sharif, Swat
Authors: Mahid Iqbal  , S. M. Naeem  , Izaz ur Rahman  , Fearoz Khan  , Asadullah  , Muhammad Shoiab
Published: December 2024

Objective: To assess prevalence of chronic otitis media in school going children of Saidu Sharif.
Materials and Methodology: This was a randomized control cross sectional study done on school students of various age group of Saidu Sharif Swat. Duration of study was from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Data was collected by using a questionnaire, followed by ear examination and various audiometric tests.
Results: A total of 184 children with age range from 7-18 were recruited in the study .101 children were males and 83 females. Out of total 184 ,36 children complained of hearing loss and 19 of any ear discharge. In 12 cases it was unilateral discharge and in seven from both ears, associated with foul smell in 17 cases, no smell was reported in two cases.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and proper management may help to reduce the disease burden and prevent disabling hearing loss in children.
Happiness Index of Undergraduate Students of Air University, Islamabad a Cross Section Study
Authors: Irej Zainab Javed  , Hania Ijaz  , Juwayria Omar  , Sohaib Ahmad  , Daniyal Tariq  , Zoha Aziz  , Rimsha Shahbaz  , Nida Khaliq
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To calculate the happiness score of Air University students using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, along with a structured questionnaire to associate the factors that affect it.
Materials & Methods: This was analytical cross sectional study conducted at Air University, after IRB approval. Students from age of 18 to 26 years were included after consent. Data was collected through simple random sampling. SPSS was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive analysis was done by calculating percentages, frequencies, standard deviation and inferential analysis was done by doing cross tabulation and chi square testing.
Results: Happiness score was calculated using oxford happiness questionnaire, 185 respondents (52.9%) fell into the category of not particularly happy and 113 (32.3%) pretty happy. Significant associations were found between happiness level and frequency of sleep, social interaction, better grades of physically active students, eating healthy food, 3 meals a day, time spent in physical activities per week, quality of sleep, hours of socializing with friends per week, improvement in life by use of technology and academic score of students at p-values 0.000, 0.000, 0.003, 0.005, 0.000, 0.026, 0.000, 0.002, 0.001 and 0.025 respectively.
Conclusions: Study concluded that happiness level is strongly associated with important parameters of life like healthy food, social interaction, sleep, physical activities and academic score.
Biochemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from Post-Surgical Wounds in Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Roman  , Muhammad Aqeel  , Husnul Hayat  , Atif Ahmad khan  , Faiz Ul Haq  , Farhan Rasheed  , Sidra Saleem
Published: December 2024

Objective: The current study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of clinical isolates from post-surgical wounds.
Material and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Total of 150 post-surgical hospitalized subjects were enrolled. Specimen were collected from surgical site (wound). Cultured were done on Blood and MacConkey agar. Bacterial isolates were identified using morphological and biochemical characteristics. Antimicrobial susceptibility were assessed according to CLSI guidelines.
Result: Among 150 specimen 78 (25%) were wound swabs and 113 (75%) were pus specimen. Among cultured specimens, 115 (76.7%) were clinically significant. S.aureus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and E. coli were isolated from these specimens. Staph aureus show (83.3%) resistant against Erythromycin, (50%) to penicillin, (50%) against Ciprofloxacin,(17%) resistant for Gentamicin, (9%) resistant for Methicillin. Acinetobacter species show resistant against Amikacin (33.3%), Ampicillin (44.4%), and Ciprofloxacin (77.8%) Erythromycin (33.3%), Tazobactum (42.9%), Imipenum (66.7%), Meropenum (55.6%), Augmentin (72.6%), Lenzolid (77.8%) resistant show. E coli were found resistant to Amikacin, Ampicilin, and Ciprofloxacin.
Conclusion: Bacterial infection is a significant problem in post-surgical patients admitted in hospital. Most prevalent microorganism are Staph-aureus, Pseudomonas, E.coli, and Acinetobacter. Multidrug resistance pose a life threatening risk to post-surgical patients.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards COVID-19 among Pakistani Population
Authors: Mohammad Uzair  , Usman Waheed  , Nooresaba  , Muhammad Rehan  , Akhlaaq Wazeer  , Omar Khawar Khokhar  , Tariq Iqbal  , Muhammad Saeed  , Jamil Akhtar
Published: December 2024

Objective: The current study analyzed the knowledge, awareness, and attitudes among the Pakistani population during the ongoing pandemic.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional online survey-based study conducted from September 2020 to January 2021, among the general public of Pakistan. A structured pre-tested questionnaire was designed on Google Forms Inc. and shared via social media to collect data. The questionnaire included socio-demographic and measurable COVID-19 knowledge data. Assessments on participants’ knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 included questions on transmission, symptoms knowledge, and preventive measures.
Results: Among the survey completers (n=962), 61% (n=590) were male and 39% (n=372) were female. The majority of participants (53.6%) were aged 18-25 years and belonged to the province of Punjab (63.7%). The participants had moderate knowledge of 55.9% (n=538) regarding disease origin, clinical features, symptoms, and prevention. The majority (70%) of participants were aware that COVID-19 is a contagious and fatal disease. The participants (90%) knew that virus takes 2-14 days to shows its first symptom and normally affects the respiratory system (88%). The participants’ knowledge regarding washing hands with soap or sanitization (97%), covering the face while sneezing or coughing (90%), and strengthening the immune system (80%) was excellent. The majority (61%) of participants were concerned about infection with COVID-19 and 96% had a positive attitude for SARS-Cov-2 prevention.
Conclusion: Although a majority of the participants knew about COVID-19, knowledge, and attitude associated with COVID-19 and its prevention were not satisfactory. General awareness and sensitization about COVID-19 should be increased that will also overcome myths and misconceptions prevalent in the general population.
Wathania Coagulans Derivatives As Potent Inhibitors Against HMG COA Redutase
Authors: Fearoz Khan  , Shameem  , A. Qureshi  , Bilal Azmi  , S.M Naeem  , Muhammad Shoib
Published: December 2024

The medicinal property of whole plant of Withania coagulans, which belongs to Solanaceae family in Ayurvedic medicines has been widely studied and emphasized. Whole plant and its fractions as well as extracts have been used as therapeutic agents for various illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. It has also been used as   hepatoprotective, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial as well as central nervous system depressant. Its cytotoxic, immunomodulating and antitumor properties have also been studied. This review article is aimed to highlight the pharmacological activities of W. Coagulans.
Keywords: Solanaceae, Withaniacoagulans, Withanolides.
Operative Urological Emergency a Pre-covid and Peri-covid19 Brief Comparison
Authors: Khalid Farooq  , Najma Hameed  , Haris Hamid  , Israr Ali  , Rafi Ullah  , Zubaida khanum wazir
Published: December 2024

Objective:  The goal of this study is to compare the number of operative urological emergencies in pre-covid and peri-covid 19 pandemics, as well as the pattern of operative urological emergencies in pre-covid and peri-covid 19 pandemics.
Methodology:  Retrospective study was conducted in the urology department of the Medical Teaching Institute at Lady Reading hospital Peshawar. All pre-covid and peri-covid operative urological emergency procedures performed between July 18, 2019 and February 25, 2020 (pre-covid) and February 26, 2020 to September 25, 2020 (peri-covid). Total numbers of 73 patients were operated as urological emergency.  Mean patient age was 38 years (range 15 to 70) and male to female ratio was 5:1.
Results:  Twenty six patients were operated in the pre-covid timings having 18 males and 08 female patients, mean age 36±13 years. Forty seven patients were operated in the peri-covid time (38 males and 09 females) having age of 40±14 years. T test was applied, and no statistical significance was observed in both durations. A total of 36% emergency cases were operated in the pre-covid times whereas 64% of patients were operated in the peri-covid timings. Chi square test of independence revealed no statistical significance (N=73) =15, p=0.109. No difference in emergency pattern was observed except obstructive-uropathy. Obstructive uropathy was treated in 27% of patients during the precovid period, while 73% were treated during the pericovid period (p = 0.375).
 Conclusion: Covid has no impact on the number and pattern of operative urological emergency.
Frequency of Patients Eligible for Liver Transplant According to MELD-Na Score in Chronic Liver Disease due to Chronic Hepatitis B and C
Authors: Nazish Misbah  , Anila Rahim  , Nauman Al Qamari  , Nasreen Naz  , Sharmeen Nasir  , Shirin Jalaluddin Reshamwala
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of liver transplant in hepatitis B and C patients according to the MELD-Na score.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study on 260 patients of CLD secondary with hepatitis B and C were performed on Liver Transplant Unit of Dow University Hospital Karachi. Patients of CLD with positive hepatitis B or C, age of ≥ 18 years, and illness of ≥ six months were selected by consecutive sampling during the period of Six months from 21st November 2020 to 21st May 2021. MELD-Na score was calculated by using the international normalized ratio (INR), serum creatinine and bilirubin. MELD-Na score of ≥ 14 was used for liver transplant eligible patients.
Results: Out of 260 CLD patients, there were 143 males (55.0%) and 117 females (45.0%), with a mean age of 49 ± 12 years (18-60 years). Majority of CLD patients were reported with chronic hepatitis C 203 (78.1%) and the remaining 57 (21.9%) CLD patients with chronic hepatitis B. Mean of MELD-Na score in CLD patients was 15.6 ± 6.1 (7-37). MELD-Na score was ≥ 14 in 194 (74.6%) CLD patients that makes them eligible for liver transplant, out of which 48 (84.0%) were hepatitis B while 146(71.9%) were hepatitis C.
Conclusion: Study concludes that the rate of MELD-Na score was significantly high in patients of CLD with chronic hepatitis B and C that makes them eligible for liver transplant.
Axial Length Changes in Myopic Population in North West Pakistani Population
Authors: Zafar Danish Zafar , Zauha  , Khan Zubair Ullah , Idris Mohammad , Ali Zulfiquar Ali
Published: December 2024

Objective: to determine Axial length changes in myopic population in North West Pakistani population
Materials and Methods: One hundred patients examined through informed consent attended the eye outpatient department DHQ Abbotabad ranging in age from 10-40 years. SPSS v 23 was used to calculate the results.
Results: One hundred patients were examined through informed consent 49 were male, and 51 were female. The right eye's mean spherical error was -7.29 D, and the left eye's mean spherical error was -7.27 D. Mean axial length of the right eye was 25.50 mm, and the main axial length of the left eye was 25.62 mm. A negative correlation was found between AR reading and axial length in both the right and left eyes.
Conclusion: The results of our investigation show that axial length and refractive error are directly correlated, suggesting that more significant axial length modifications may need to be carefully considered when considering refractive procedures.
Frequency of Ischemic Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus in Patients having ultra-sonographic Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ali Azmat , Janjua Muhammad Umair , Butt Abdur Rahman
Published: December 2024

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common liver conditions globally.
Objective: This study was aimed to assess the frequency of ischemic heart disease & diabetes mellitus in patients having Fatty Liver disease.
Methods: This was cross-sectional study. It was carried out in the department of internal medicine KRL Hospital, Islamabad from May 2022 to October 2022. Patients aged 18 years and above having ultrasonographic evidence of fatty liver disease were included. All subjects were evaluated for the presence of Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease. Prior ethical approval was obtained from hospital committee. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21.
Results: This study included 250 patients. 66% were female and 34% were male. Age range from 18 to 80 years with a mean of 49± 4.5. 175 (70%) had Grade I fatty liver disease on ultrasound, 63(25.2%) had Grade II fatty liver disease while 12 (4.8%) had Grade III fatty liver disease. Diabetes Mellitus was present in 145(58%) while Ischemic Heart Disease was found in 75(30%).
Conclusion: A significant relation was found between underlying fatty liver disease and Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease. In view of above findinglifestyle changes becomes inevitable in all patients having underlying Fatty Liver Disease
Factors Associated with Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Azhar Mehwish , Younas Muhammad Tahir , Tahir Muhammad , Masud Maryam , Tahir Muhammad Zuhair , Tahir Muhammad Zubair
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of factors leading to poor treatment outcome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Study Design: The study design was cross sectional.
Place and Duration of the study: This study was conducted over a period of 1 year at the department of General Medicine, PAF Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan from 1st September 2021 to 31 August 2022.
Patients and Methods:  A total of 100 patients with poor treatment outcome of pulmonary TB treatment registered at department for the above mentioned period were included through consecutive sampling. Record was extracted from TB treatment card and medical record registers. Patient’s socio demographic, clinical investigation and treatment data were taken. Major factors associated with pulmonary TB treatment outcomes were found by applying frequency and percentage.
Results: The mean age of patients in this study was 31.98±9.55 years. Most of the patients belonged to younger age groups between 18-37 years (73%). Male gender was dominant with 63% of total population.  Dominant factors in these patients with poor treatment outcome with statistical significance were poor educational status (84%), low economic status (72%), low knowledge of TB (64%), difficult accessibility to hospital (65%), being single (61%) smoking (61%) and no adherence to treatment (52%).
Conclusion: In conclusion, keeping in mind the fact that success rate of pulmonary TB in Pakistan is still lower than the target of 85%, factors that contributes most to the poor treatment outcome and are addressable by the medical community must be kept under keen focus to improve the treatment out comes
Frequency of Postnatal Depression after Normal Vaginal Delivery in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Zeb Laila , Nawaz Ayesha
Published: December 2024

Background: Postnatal depression (PND) is considered as an important health problem in modern societies.Most of the women nation-wide have access to skilled birth attendants. Postpartum depression) is a neglected area of maternal health care in developing countries like Pakistan.
Objective: To determine frequency of postnatal depression after normal vaginal delivery in patients reporting to Lady Reading hospital, Peshawar
Methodology: This Descriptive Cross Sectional study was conducted in Department of Obs & Gynae, MTI-Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 22 June, 2021 to 22 Dec, 2021 Post-natal depression was assessed through Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) with cut-off value of above 12 was labeled as positive for postnatal depression. 
Results: As per frequencies and percentages for post-natal depression, 46 (15.2%) patients had post-natal depression after normal vaginal delivery.
Conclusion: This study concluded that  Post-Natal depression is prevelant amongst women having normal vaginal delivery without any risk factors as well.
Parameters for Identifying Stress among Doctors in Mardan Medical Complex: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Khan Sajid , Khan Arshad , Usman Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Objective: To evaluate the common causes of stress among doctors of Mardan Medical Complex.  
Materials and Methods:  This study was conducted at the Mardan Medical Complex. Totally 95 doctors were enrolled. This was a questionnaire base study. The Questionnaire was filled by the doctors and data was analyzed by using SPSS Software Version 23.
Results: Out of total 95 enrolled doctors, 63 were male and 32 were female doctors with mean age of 41.45 ± 8.19 years. The most common age group was 31-40 years, followed by the age group of 42-50 years and the least number of age group was < 50 years. The most common parameters identified by doctors was sleep deprivation and Lengthy Working Hours followed by other causes such as High Patient Volume, External /Political Interference, Senior’s Pressure/High Expectations/Work Targets, Night Duties and Phone calls during Night/Early Morning. Stratification on the basis of gender and age group were done.
Conclusion: It is concluded that stress is a hurdle that the doctors faces in different pattern. For better performance the doctors should take proper sleep and manage the time to overcome the stress. Also avoid Phone calls during Night/Early Morning
Comparison of Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recession Vs Unilateral Recession/Resection for Basic Type Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Rehman Hamid Ur , Ahmad Adnan , Ullah Wali , Ullah Hidayat
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Background: Intermittent exotropia (IXT), highly prevalent strabismus type in children, characterized by visual axis intermittent divergence. It can cause greater than 50% of all the exotropia cases. Because of different deviation at near and at a distance, IXT can be grouped as Basic, Pseudo-divergence excess, true distance and insufficiency of convergence. The most common is basic exotropia.
Objective: To compare post-operative ocular alignment in bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) Vs unilateral lateral rectus recession/resection (RR) in basic type intermittent exotropia in young patients.
Material and Methods: 96 cases of basic intermittent exotropia who went through surgery were selected. Total duration of study was 18 months from January 2020 to June 2021. The patients were categorized into BLR group and unilateral RR group based on type of surgery received. Based on motor outcomes, patients were categorized as: 1) successful alignment (Orthophoria) Esophoria/tropia< 10 Prism diopters to Exophoria/tropia< 15 Prism diopters.2) Overcorrection (Esophoria/tropia>10 Prism diopters) 3) Under-correction/recurrence (Exophoria/tropia> 15 Prism diopters). Surgical outcome including motor criteria and sensory status compared at post-operative 03, 06, 09 and 12 months between groups.
Results:   The mean age at the time of surgery was 12.68 ± 8.12yrs. for BLR and 13.88 ± 8.34yrs. for RR group. The rate of successful alignment was 70.83% (n= 34) for BLR group and 58.33% (n=28) for RR group at final follow-up visit (p=0.200).  At 03 months, RR had better alignment rate while BLR had superior outcome at 06-, 09- and 12-months’ follow-up visits. The secondary outcome i.e. stereopsis recovery rate was also comparable between the two groups at final follow-up of 12 months (p-value= 0.159).
Conclusion:  The motor outcomes in BLR group were comparable to RR group at the final follow-up visit.
The rates of under-correction were higher in RR group (though not statistically significant) at 12th month visit.
Conventional Cytogenetic Analysis of Females with Primary Amenorrhea
Authors: Khan Atif Ahmad , Mabood Fazal , Awan Muhammad Jamil , Khan Zarak , Ali Qaisar , Riaz Sunaina
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background: Primary amenorrhea, characterized by the absence of menstrual periods in females of reproductive age, presents a multifaceted challenge in clinical practice. Cytogenetic analysis stands as a foundational pillar in unraveling the genetic landscape governing primary amenorrhea.
Objective: The study was designed to determine the chromosomal abnormalities of females with primary amenorrhea.
Materials and Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, two hundred patients with a history of primary amenorrhea were processed by the standard KAROTYPING technique. The study was carried out at the Molecular genetics/cytogenetic department, chughtai institute of pathology, Lahore, Pakistan for a period of one year from July-2020 – July-2021.
Result: In the present study, a total of 200 female patients were included. Among these 200 patients, 80 exhibited chromosomal abnormalities. Specifically, there were 50 (62.5%) cases with 46, XY, 10 (12.5) cases with 45, X, 10 (12.5) cases with iso, Xq, 7 (8.7%) cases with XY del, and 3 (3.7) cases with mosaic Turner syndrome. Notably, the predominant clinical features included the development of breast in 51% of cases, hirsutism in 61% of cases, and pubic hair development in 7% of cases. Ultrasound reports revealed that 19.3% of patients had a normal uterus, 51.4% had a small uterus, and 20.2% were devoid of a uterus, as indicated in Table 1, along with other hormonal values.
Conclusion: The present study provides a nuanced understanding of chromosomal abnormalities in females with primary amenorrhea. The identification of diverse anomalies, along with their associated clinical features and uterine morphology, contributes valuable information to the existing literature. The comparison with previous studies underscores both consistencies and novel findings, emphasizing the evolving landscape of knowledge in the field of reproductive genetics. Further research is warranted to explore the implications of these chromosomal variations for clinical management and genetic counseling in females with primary amenorrhea.
Frequency and determinants of Respiratory Failure in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pervez Naveed , Khan Samiullah , Khan Radhia , Khan Gohar Ali
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is slowly and progressive disorder that is characterized by a permanent or partially reversible obstruction of airflow. A  COPD exacerbation can have a variety of clinical outcomes, from self-limited sickness to progressive respiratory failure.
Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with respiratory failure among patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Objective:  The study was designed to evaluate maternal complications of emergency vs elective cesarean section for placenta previa.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pulmonology in KhalifaGul Nawaz (KGN), MTI Bannu from January 2022 to December 2022, following approval from the institutional ethical committee. A total of 385 participants were enrolled in this study. Following the documentation of the physical examination and clinical history, various demographic details were noted. The data was analyzed through SPSS Version 25.0.
Results: A total of 385 patients presented with acute exacerbation of COPD were assessed. Out of which 258 were males (67%) and 127(32.9%) were females. In an acute exacerbation of COPD, the number of individuals presenting with respiratory failure was 138 (35.8%). out of which 91(23.6%) were males and 47(12.2%) were females. The age group of 51 to 60 years old had the highest number of individuals experiencing respiratory failure, which were 69 (17.9%).
Conclusion: : In the current study the frequency of respiratory failure in the participants presented with acute exacerbation was high. It is crucial to create efficient plans for stopping smoking and preventing COPD exacerbations in light of its effect on health care resources
DIREITO AO RECONHECIMENTO DAS POPULAÇÕES TRADICIONAIS:
Authors: Brant Richardson Xavier , Costa João Batista de Almeida
Published: December 2024

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre o processo que envolve o direito ao reconhecimento do território das populações tradicionais como elemento constituinte de sua identidade, memórias e tradições. A abordagem atribui centralidade ao debate, no âmbito jurídico, sobre a Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol, a partir do julgamento perante o STF. Para contextualização do tema, busca-se primeiro o histórico de encobrimento das identidades e diferenças das populações tradicionais, desde a colonização das Américas até o reconhecimento, na Constituição de 1988, de sua participação no processo histórico de formação da cultura brasileira. Nos fundamentos das decisões do STF, destaca-se o entendimento de que a fixação do marco temporal da posse sobre o território tradicional na data da promulgação da Constituição Federal malfere a compreensão de posse originária, imemorial, e a interpretação de que há precedência na ocupação originária. E que essa precedência significa que a posse imemorial deve prevalecer sobre toda e qualquer outra ocupação; e sobre qualquer título de propriedade que se apresente. Evidencia-se, nesse julgamento, a compreensão de que a posse tradicional traduz o manuseio do território em suas múltiplas dimensões: física, social, cultural e simbólica. Referidas características constituem o espaço fundador das identidades e memórias das populações tradicionais e se distinguem nitidamente da propriedade privada, porque esta é esvaziada de outros sentidos, preponderando seu caráter mercadológico. Emerge ainda do julgamento o direito de as populações tradicionais participarem ativamente do processo de reconhecimento, manifestando-se de modo autêntico e legítimo sobre a própria identidade. Essa indeclinável participação serve de mote para o esforço de superação de uma posição anterior de subalternidade e guarda perfeita adequação e estrita conformidade com o art. 21 do Pacto de San José da Costa Rica e com o enunciado do art. 68 da Constituição Federal.
DIREITO, JUSTIÇA, SEGURANÇA E ARTE
Authors: Theodoro Júnior Humberto
Published: December 2024

Este artigo pretendeu analisar a importância da cultura, especialmente da literatura, para a interpretação e aplicação do direito pelos magistrados, uma vez que desempenha papel auxiliar para dimensionar a influência dos costumes e tradições sociais na formação do direito realmente em vigor. Realizou, ainda, um testemunho pessoal do papel da literatura para o exercício da minha atuação como magistrado em primeira e segunda instâncias, como importante fonte de revelação e divulgação dos valores humanísticos de que a boa e justa aplicação do direito positivo não podia prescindir.
ACTOS ADMINISTRATIVOS AUTOMÁTICOS:
Authors: Flores Dapkevicius Rubén
Published: December 2024

En este artículo se analizan los actos administrativos, los efectos jurídicos, los elementos considerados en la doctrina uruguaya, argentina e italiana. Se analiza la forma de los actos, en especial el electrónico, los principios fundamentales que se les aplican y se cuestiona si los algoritmos pueden decidir adecuadamente, considerando el interés del administrador. Enfatiza las clasificaciones de los actos administrativos y su importancia cuando se aplican en legaltech, en decisiones automatizadas o definidas por algoritmos, que pueden estar contaminados por sesgos prejuiciosos. ¿Hay un límite para aplicar decisiones algorítmicas? ¿Son los algoritmos una fuente formal o material del derecho? Se considera que las herramientas algorítmicas pueden ser aplicadas por la Administración Pública, siempre que exista transparencia algorítmica en cuanto a su uso, motivo y resultado, proporcionando información accesible a las personas. Cabe señalar que en Uruguay las personas tienen legitimidad activa para acceder a las decisiones y que la responsabilidad por los daños y perjuicios recae inicialmente en la Administración Pública y, por extensión, también en los proveedores.
ANÁLISE DO DEVER DE FUNDAMENTAÇÃO DAS DECISÕES APÓS SEIS ANOS DE VIGÊNCIA DO CPC/15:
Authors: Oliveira Freitas Gabriela , Henriques Zandona Freitas Sérgio
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho científico analisa a fundamentação das decisões judiciais, a partir de uma perspectiva da processualidade democrática, buscando definir seu sentido diante da previsão contida no artigo 93, inciso IX, da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, relacionada com as demais garantias constitucionais do processo. Também aborda sua previsão no texto do Código de Processo Civil de 2015 (Lei nº 13.105/2015), sancionado em 16 de março de 2015, pelo estudo da Teoria do Processo Constitucional no Estado Democrático de Direito. A partir das considerações tecidas sobre tal instituto, investiga-se se ainda prevalece no sistema processual brasileiro o princípio do livre convencimento motivado do magistrado. Para o presente estudo, utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e o método hipotético dedutivo jurídico, partindo-se de uma perspectiva macro para uma concepção micro analítica acerca do tema-problema ora em estudo e, por fim, como procedimento técnico a análise temática, teórica e interpretativa, buscando sugestão para a solução da questão destacada.
ESTADO, VIOLÊNCIA, GUERRA E “ESTADO DE EXCEÇÃO”
Authors: Brasil Sérgio Augusto Veloso
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo é um breve estudo sobre o “Estado de Exceção”, fundamentado em dois trabalhos técnico-científicos: o primeiro, um artigo intitulado “Freud on the State, Violence, and War”, produzido pelo jornalista britânico Anthony Sampson, que apresenta como tema psicanálise e política, e o segundo, a obra do italiano Giorgio Agamben sobre o ‘Estado de Exceção’. No que se refere à metodologia, adotou-se a revisão narrativa de literatura e pesquisa bibliográfica. Na discussão sobre Estado, violência e guerra, percebe-se que, mesmo nas democracias, o estado de exceção é um estágio intermediário entre o direito e o político, uma indefinição. Há um aumento do poder do Executivo, que impõe medidas próprias de outros poderes e, assim, legisla e, ao mesmo tempo, fiscaliza o cumprimento das medidas que ele próprio edita.
PERSPECTIVAS TERMINOLÓGICAS DA ACCOUNTABILITY NO GOVERNO DIGITAL:
Authors: Faleiros Júnior José Luiz de Moura
Published: December 2024

O artigo aborda o conceito de accountability, que é o processo pelo qual as entidades e gestores públicos são responsabilizados por suas ações e decisões, incluindo o trato com recursos públicos e o desempenho em geral. O termo pode ser analisado sob diferentes perspectivas, incluindo a capacidade e autoridade dos servidores públicos para agir, a obrigação de prestação de contas e a suposição das consequências dos próprios atos. Serão análisadas quatro dimensões terminológicas: a política, a administrativa, a profissional e a democrática. Destacarse-á que a accountability não implica um distanciamento completo entre Estado e cidadãos, mas sim uma aproximação essencial baseada em transparência e boa conduta, que se coaduna com o direito fundamental à boa administração pública, reavivado em razão das perspectivas introduzidas no sistema jurídico pela Lei do Governo Digital (Lei nº 14.129/2021). Será utilizado o método dedutivo, com abordagem qualitativa baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica.
PRINCÍPIO INTERNACIONAL DA PROTEÇÃO DO MEIO AMBIENTE:
Authors: Macedo Ana Carolina Leroy
Published: December 2024

A proteção do meio ambiente se perfaz como um dos Direitos Humanos. Nesse viés, o Tratado de Assunção determinou, já em seu “Preâmbulo”, a proteção a esse direito, que também é considerado como um princípio internacional. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por escopo a realização de uma crítica construtiva do desenvolvimento e da aplicabilidade desse princípio, através do método da revisão bibliográfica. Inicia-se, assim, com uma breve abordagem sobre a proteção do meio ambiente como princípio internacional; formação dos tratados internacionais; para, ao final, determinar os mecanismos utilizados pelo Mercosul para a proteção do meio ambiente.
REGULAÇÃO DO ACESSO ASSISTENCIAL À SAÚDE
Authors: Gadelha Maria Inez Pordeus , Botelho Maíra Batista , Kartz Cláudia Lidroneta Bernardino
Published: December 2024

A regulação de um sistema de saúde, além de adequar a oferta de serviços às necessidades populacionais, de forma oportuna e racional, gerencia as demandas individuais espontâneas ou artificialmente criadas por prestadores de serviços (institucionais ou de profissionais) e jamais poderá se dissociar de outras atividades da gestão do sistema. Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, utilizando como fontes normas constitucionais e infraconstitucionais relacionadas, como também a produção doutrinário-operacional, o presente texto busca contribuir para a compreensão da regulação do acesso assistencial no SUS e da importância de se intensificá-la e disseminá-la nas diversas regiões de saúde, de modo que coordene efetivamente o acesso a ações e serviços de saúde, de forma integrada a ações de gestão que a subsidiam ou complementam.