bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Kinematics and Muscle Activation between Push-up and Bench Press
Authors: Tillaar Roland van den
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the similarity in kinematics and upper-body muscle activation between push-up and bench press exercises over a range of loads. Twenty resistance-trained subjects (age 22.5±5.24 yrs, body mass 83.7±10.7 kg, height 1.80±0.06 m) executed bench presses and push-ups with 4 different loads. Bench press was executed at 50–80% of their assumed 1 repetition max in steps of 10 kg, while push-ups were executed without a weight vest and with a 10–20–30 kg weight vest. A linear encoder measured kinematics (displacement, time, average and peak velocity) during the exercises at each load, together with mean and maximal muscle activation of 8 upper body muscles and their timing for each exercise and each load. The main findings of this study demonstrate no differences in kinematics and muscle activation between the two exercises and that the different loads had the same effect upon both push-up and bench press in experienced resistance-trained men. For coaches and athletes, push-ups and bench presses for strength training can be used interchangeably. By using a weight vest, push-ups can mimic different loads that are similar to different intensities in the bench press that can be used to train strength demands.
Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl[4,5]isothiazoles through a Sulfenic Acid Pathway
Authors: Yuan Hong , Sun Zhihua
Published: September 2019

A new method to efficiently prepare 3-substituted aryl[4,5]isothiazoles by simply heating the starting materials with a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid in toluene is reported. This simple procedure is well suitable for a variety of substrates that can tolerate substitution changes in the fusing aromatic ring, as well as at the 3-position. Substituted aryl rings of varying electronic properties and alkyl substitution eventually afford aryl[4,5]isothiazoles in high yields.
Accessing Tricyclic Imines Comprising a 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Scaffold by Intramolecular Hetero-Diels–Alder Reaction of 4-Alkenyl-Substituted N-Silyl-1,4-dihydropyridines
Authors: Rudy Heinrich-Karl A. , Wanner Klaus T.
Published: September 2019

Tricyclic imines inheriting a 2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (isoquinuclidine) scaffold were provided with high regioselectivity in moderate to very good yields by a smooth, broadly applicable intramolecular hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of various 4-ω-alkenyl-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) under trifluoroacetic acid catalysis. The required­ 4,4-disubstituted 1,4-DHPs were obtained by introduction of ω-alkenyl moieties of varying chain length via diorganomagnesium reagents into the 4-position of diversely 4-substituted pyridines after prior N-activation with triisopropylsilyltriflate.
Potential of Distilled Liquid Smoke Derived from Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) Shell for Traumatic Ulcer Healing in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Arundina Ira , Rahayu Retno Pudji , Mansur Dieni , Bramantoro Taufan
Published: September 2019

Objective Distilled liquid smoke (DLS) is a result of coconut processing by-product that not only serves as a natural food preservative but also has a promising therapeutic effect. The healing potential of DLS derived from coconut (Cocos nucifera L) shell was investigated on a traumatic ulcer with the diabetic rat.

Materials and Methods DLS was analyzed the component by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry. Diabetic condition was induced by alloxan in 55 male Wistar rats. Ten mm of traumatic ulcer was made along the labial fornix incisive inferior after the diabetic condition was confirmed. Then DLS coconut shell, benzydamine hydrochloride, and sterile distilled water were applied topically for 3, 5, and 7 days. The potential healing was evaluated based on the expression of nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on macrophages using immunohistochemical staining and the amount of collagen using Masson Trichome staining. The difference between each group was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The least significant difference test is used to determine the significant difference (p < 0.05).

Results The major compounds found were phenol (36.6%), 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol) (25.2%), furfural (17.8%), and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (3.5%) with 28 other minor constituents. The lowest NFκB and TNF-α expression on macrophage was observed by topical application of DLS derived from coconut shell for 3, 5, and 7 days of treatment. The amount of collagen was increased and indicated by the highest result of DLS compared to others.

Conclusion The DLS derived from coconut (Cocos nucifera L) shell was able to improve traumatic ulcer healing in a person with diabetes.
Posttraumatic Pneumosialodenitis of the Submandibular Gland
Authors: Alvarenga Hugo Romero , Kafati Zamir Arturo , Espinoza Javier Pérez
Published: September 2019

There are multiple etiologies for facial subcutaneous emphysema, including facial trauma, dissection of air along facial planes from a pneumomediastinum, infection, and entry of air through defects in teeth due to decay, trauma, or dental procedure. In addition, air can be forced through lacerations of the oral or pharyngeal mucosa by increased intraoral pressure. An infrequently reported cause of subcutaneous emphysema is autoinsufflation of the parotid duct with extravasation of air into the surrounding tissue. In this report, the authors present a 14-year-old patient treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Hospital Escuela Universitario due to an increase in size in the buccal region and left masseterine space of 2 months of evolution. Presenting with a sudden evolution, without any possible explanation, which caused displacement of adjacent structures without damage to the bone or surrounding tissues. After a series of echographic and tomographic studies, it showed that inside the submandibular gland there was a hypodense image with gas density (-1100 UH) expanding the gland and its respective excretory duct.
A p.Arg499His Mutation in SPAST Is Associated with Infantile Onset Ascending Spastic Paralysis Complicated with Dysarthria and Anarthria
Authors: Ogasawara Masashi , Saito Takashi , Koshimizu Eriko , Akasaka Noriyuki , Sasaki Masayuki
Published: September 2019

The complication of anarthria in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) patients has been reported to result from mutations in either ALS2 or FA2H. Here, we present a case of a 12-year-old boy with hereditary spastic paralysis and anarthria associated with a SPAST mutation. Initial presentation was at 14 months of age, when the patient experienced leg stiffness. At 3 years of age, he could speak well using sentences. At 9 years of age, he was found to have dysarthria and had difficulty writing. At 12 years of age, the ability to speak was lost. The patient could not vocalize any words, despite contraction of his neck and respiratory muscles during attempted vocalization. Additionally, the patient has never walked independently in his life. Considering these symptoms, we diagnosed him as having infantile onset ascending hereditary spastic paralysis (IAHSP) complicated with anarthria. By whole-exome sequencing, we discovered a heterozygous SPAST mutation c.1496G > A (p.Arg499His), which was not found in the parents and is probably de novo. This mutation was already repeatedly described with similar phenotype. Our results suggest that the p.Arg499His mutation in SPAST should be considered as a differential diagnosis in IAHSP.
Evaluation of Nasal Resistance by Rhinomanometry before and after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Kaneda Shoji , Sekine Motoki , Saito Kousuke , Murakami Tomoaki , Yamamoto Hikaru , Okami Kenji , Furuya Hiroyuki , Iida Masahiro
Published: September 2019

With the objective of identifying the factors affecting the nasal resistance in patients undergoing sinus surgery, we evaluated the data of 95 patients with chronic sinusitis who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) between 2015 and 2018 at our hospital. We determined the nasal resistance by rhinomanometry and also patients' sensation of nasal obstruction before surgery and 3 months after the ESS. In total, 49 bilateral and 46 unilateral ESS procedures were performed, including ESS alone, ESS + septoplasty, and ESS + septoplasty + conchotomy. In addition, the surgical cases were classified into single sinus or polysinus surgery, and groups with or without polyps. We compared the nasal resistance and degree of change in the nasal resistance among the groups. The same comparisons were also conducted separately in cases with nasal resistance levels of >0.25 Pa/cm3/s. Nasal resistance improved following the ESS in both the bilateral and unilateral cases. In almost all the subgroups, the nasal resistance improved following ESS with the exception of the ESS with septoplasty group with nasal resistance levels of >0.25 Pa/cm3/s. The degree of change in the nasal resistance was not significantly different between the ESS alone, ESS + septoplasty, and ESS + septoplasty + conchotomy groups. Similarly, the degree of change in the nasal resistance was also not significantly different between the single sinus and polysinus surgery or between patients with and without polyps. Furthermore, there were no differences among the above groups of patients with >0.25 Pa/cm3/s either. The patients' sensation of nasal obstruction improved following the ESS. The nasal resistance measured by rhinomanometry was weakly correlated with the sensation of nasal obstruction prior to the ESS; however, the nasal resistance following the ESS and the degree of change of the nasal resistance following the ESS were not correlated with the sensation of nasal obstruction or the degree of change in the sensation of nasal obstruction. Future studies are needed for a precise clarification of the factors that affect nasal resistance.
Healthcare Influencer: Menschen vertrauen Menschen
Authors: Marquardt Melanie
Published: September 2019

In Kliniken und Arztpraxen spielen traditionelle Medien eine wichtige Rolle. Trotzdem müssen Krankenhäuser darüber nachdenken, wie sie rechtzeitig die Generation von Morgen erreichen – sowohl was ihre Fachkräfte angeht als auch die Patienten. Influencer können dabei helfen.
Gut Kommunizieren: Selbst ist der Patient
Authors: Buchholz Ralf
Published: September 2019

Neue Erwartungen der Patienten verändern die Krankenhauswelt und mit ihr die Kommunikation. Gesundheitseinrichtungen setzen deshalb zunehmend auf Selfservices – auch, weil Experten betonen, wie wichtig gute Kommunikation für den Behandlungserfolg ist.
Ki-Anwendungen: Marktplatz für Künstliche Intelligenz
Authors: Buchholz Ralf
Published: September 2019

Künstliche Intelligenz stößt in der Medizin auf wachsendes Interesse – allerdings auch auf hohe Hürden. Sogenannte Marktplätze sind ein Weg, über den die Anwendungen zu den Anwendern gelangen. Der Westdeutsche Teleradiologieverbund macht es vor.
OP-Ausstattung: Eine Vision vom OP der Zukunft
Authors: Stallkamp Jan , Kühne Markus , Rothfuss Andreas
Published: September 2019

Welche Anforderungen muss der OP der Zukunft erfüllen? Und wie können dabei die Bedürfnisse von Patienten und Ärzten berücksichtigt werden? Unsere Autoren vom Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionstechnik und Automatisierung entwerfen eine Vision, die zu Diskussionen anregen soll.
Innovationen Bewusst Einsetzen: Strukturierte Optimierung der OP-Ausstattung
Authors: Reichle Thorsten
Published: September 2019

Patienten und Anwender erwarten im OP zeitgemäße Technologien, sicheres und einfaches Betreiben sowie Patientensicherheit, bei gleichzeitiger Wirtschaftlichkeit. Das Einbringen von Innovationen in bestehende Einrichtungen ist ein komplexes Unterfangen, das die Betreiber lösen müssen.
Parkraumbewirtschaftung: Gut aufgestellt
Authors: Pausewang Bastian , Herrmann Thomas
Published: September 2019

Seit Frühling 2018 werden die rund 1 200 Parkplätze der Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH professionell bewirtschaftet. Die Entscheidung macht sich in doppelter Hinsicht bezahlt.
Krankenhaushygiene: Die autonome Putzkolonne
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: September 2019

Immer mehr Hersteller von Robotern und Reinigungsautomaten bieten Produkte, die auch in Krankenhäusern zum Einsatz kommen. Neben konventionellen Reinigungsmitteln nutzen einige Systeme dabei Methoden, die in Zukunft eine herkömmliche Desinfektion ersetzen könnten.
Sprechstunde in der PR-Ambulanz: Wie kann ich mich vor schlechten Schlagzeilen schützen?
Authors: Endele Kerstin
Published: September 2019

Kerstin Endele ist zur Hälfte Journalistin und zur Hälfte Biochemikerin. Seit mehr als 15 Jahren ist sie Expertin für Gesundheitskommunikation und war fünf Jahre Kommunikationschefin und Pressesprecherin der Charité. Wenn sie nicht Klinikvorstände aus Krisen rettet und Pressesprechern diverser Krankenhäuser dabei hilft, ein bisschen Strategie ins übliche Chaos zu bringen, betreibt sie mit der PR-Ambulanz (www.pr-ambulanz.com) einen der größten Blogs zur Klinikkommunikation in Deutschland.
Fraunhofer Zukunftskongress: Silicon Economy revolutioniert Geschäftsmodelle
Authors: Thomas Bredehorn
Published: September 2019

Mitte September findet in Dortmund der Zukunftskongress Logistik – 37. Dortmunder Gespräche des Fraunhofer IML statt. Der Zukunftskongress ist die Veranstaltung für alle, die sich den Herausforderungen der Zukunft stellen wollen.
Auslagerung von tertiären Dienstleistungen: Externe Partner in Servicegesellschaften
Authors: WeiRmantel Udo
Published: September 2019

Zwecks Kosteneinsparung und Nutzung von Synergien werden für tertiäre Dienstleistungen in Krankenhäusern und anderen Gesundheitseinrichtungen Servicegesellschaften gegründet. Welche Vorteile und Potenziale bietet dabei die Integration eines externen Partners?
Synchrone valide Stammdaten – Leitplanken der digitalen Supply-Chain: Freie Fahrt für den elektronischen Datenaustausch
Authors: Ehrenburg Markus , Rathmer Alfons
Published: September 2019

Krankenhäuser und Lieferanten müssen immer kürzere Bestellzyklen und komplexere Anforderungen beherrschen. Dazu braucht der Einkauf freie Fahrt auf der digitalen Supply-Chain-Autobahn. Doch wie geht das, wenn Schlaglöcher, Staus und Umleitungen die Fahrt behindern und wichtige Ressourcen vernichten?
Erfahrungsbericht: Standardisierte Vollversorgung im Universitätsspital Zürich
Authors: Schlapfer Christian , Soland Alexander
Published: September 2019

Mit dem „Referenzmodell Spitallogistik“ verfolgt das Universitätsspital Zürich (USZ) die konsequente Umsetzung effizienter und sicherer Standards in der Gesamtlogistik. Dabei steht die durchgängige Prozessgestaltung bei gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung nachhaltiger Faktoren und der Erschließung schlummernder Win-win-Potenziale im Fokus.
Logistik und Bauplanung (Teil 1): Masterplan Logistik für den Krankenhausneubau
Authors: Raida Andrea , Moll Beate , Wibbeling Sebastian
Published: September 2019

Der logistische Masterplan bildet die funktionelle Grundlage für die Entwicklung zukünftiger Strategien und Logistikkonzepte. Insbesondere Neubaumaßnahmen bieten durch eine frühzeitige Betrachtung logistischer Perspektiven viele Möglichkeiten, um die Effizienz zu steigern. Im Anschluss an die Masterplanung gilt es, die strategischen Vorgaben in logistischen Betriebskonzepten zu konkretisieren.
OP-Logistik: Wechselzeitverkürzung im OP – nur wie?
Authors: Laciok Sylvia , Moll Beate , Wibbeling Sebastian
Published: September 2019

Steigender Wettbewerbsdruck und hohe Qualitätsansprüche veranlassen Krankenhäuser zu baulichen und strukturellen Veränderungen einzelner Krankenhausbereiche. Hierbei rückt der OP-Bereich als wichtigster wertschöpfender Faktor zunehmend in den Fokus – im Besonderen die Saalbelegungszeiten.
Vergaberecht: Die Aufteilung von Aufträgen in Lose – Pflicht oder Kür?
Authors: Kuhn Matthias
Published: September 2019

Mal entscheidet die richtige Aufteilung von Leistungen auf verschiedene Verträge über den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg einer Beschaffungsmaßnahme, mal die geschickte Bündelung. Aber was, wenn das Vergaberecht dabei „ein Wörtchen mitzureden hat“? Wie greifen wirtschaftliche Beschaffung, allgemeiner Wettbewerbs- und individueller Bieterschutz ineinander?
Rahmenverträge: Das bedeutet die Entscheidung des EuGH für den Klinikeinkauf
Authors: Osterhues Heiner
Published: September 2019

Die neue europäische Rechtsprechung fordert den Einkauf in mehrerer Hinsicht: Bei Rahmenvereinbarungs-Ausschreibungen sollte die Klinik von Beginn an als Teilnehmer benannt werden und bei einem geplanten Wechsel der Einkaufsgemeinschaft muss analysiert werden, welche Rahmenvereinbarungen davon betroffen sein können. Bei Rahmenvereinbarungen müssen Einkäufer auch die Verbrauchswerte im Auge behalten und von Beginn das Für und Wider der Angabe von Höchstmengen in das Kalkül miteinbeziehen.
Reconstructing dynamical networks via feature ranking
Authors: Leguia Marc G. , Levnajić Zoran , Todorovski Ljupčo , Ženko Bernard
Published: September 2019

Empirical data on real complex systems are becoming increasingly available. Parallel to this is the need for new methods of reconstructing (inferring) the structure of networks from time-resolved observations of their node-dynamics. The methods based on physical insights often rely on strong assumptions about the properties and dynamics of the scrutinized network. Here, we use the insights from machine learning to design a new method of network reconstruction that essentially makes no such assumptions. Specifically, we interpret the available trajectories (data) as “features” and use two independent feature ranking approaches—Random Forest and RReliefF—to rank the importance of each node for predicting the value of each other node, which yields the reconstructed adjacency matrix. We show that our method is fairly robust to coupling strength, system size, trajectory length, and noise. We also find that the reconstruction quality strongly depends on the dynamical regime.
Experimental study of residual activity induced in aluminum targets irradiated by high-energy heavy-ion beams: A comparison of experimental data and FLUKA simulations
Authors: Katrík Peter , Hoffmann Dieter H. H. , Mustafin Edil , Strašík Ivan
Published: September 2019

A number of heavy-ion accelerators are either under construction (e.g., the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Darmstadt and the High Intensity Accelerator Facility in China) or already in operation at many places worldwide. For these accelerators, activation of construction components due to beam loss, even during routine machine operation, is a serious issue, especially with the upcoming high-intensity facilities. Aluminum is one of the most commonly used construction materials in beam lines, collimators, and other components. Therefore, we report here on activation experiments on aluminum samples to verify and benchmark simulation codes. The analysis was performed by gamma spectroscopy of the irradiated targets. Our results on the induced activity measured in samples irradiated by uranium beams at 125 MeV/u and 200 MeV/u and a xenon beam at 300 MeV/u show activation levels significantly lower than those predicted by FLUKA simulations.
Long-lived predator-prey dynamics in the pedestal of near-zero torque high performance DIII-D plasmas
Authors: Barada K. , Rhodes T. L. , Burrell K. H. , Zeng L. , Chen Xi , Austin M. E. , Bardóczi L. , Muscatello C. M. , Peebles W. A.
Published: September 2019

Quiescent high performance plasmas (often termed QH-mode) are attractive due to the replacement of potentially damaging energy and particle releases known as edge localized modes by relatively benign edge harmonic oscillations (EHOs). These EHOs are believed to be driven unstable by edge current and/or edge toroidal rotational shear and contribute to edge particle transport. Decreasing the applied neutral beam torque in standard QH-mode discharge leads to an improved quiescent phase of higher and wider pedestal, also known as the wide-pedestal QH-mode [Burrell et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 056103 (2016)]. This work expands upon the observed limit cycle oscillation (LCO) dynamics [Barada et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 135002 (2018)] in this wide pedestal QH-mode. The onset of these LCOs after wide-pedestal transition is found to be correlated with the disappearance of coherent EHOs which happens either when the edge maximum bootstrap current decreases after the transition or when the toroidal rotation is decreased consistent with simulation predictions. Sustainment of this quasistationary oscillating regime is found to be possible due to a predator-prey type competition between E × B velocity shear and turbulence density fluctuations facilitated by an inward propagation of nonzonal flow like toroidally and poloidally symmetric E × B velocity perturbations from these LCOs. These LCO dynamics are further controlled by adding electron cyclotron heating (ECH) to a neutral beam heated wide-pedestal QH-mode discharge which led to a surprising increase in energy confinement correlated with a concomitant decrease in edge turbulence in contrast to normally observed confinement degradation in H-mode with ECH.
Effects of temperatures and carbon dioxide nanobubbles on superior electric storage for anodically oxidized films of AlY10 amorphous alloy
Authors: Fukuhara Mikio , Kuroda Tomoyuki , Hasegawa Fumihiko , Takahashi Masayoshi , Suwa Tomoyuki , Hashida Toshiyuki , Sato Kazuhisa , Nishijima Masahiko , Konno K.
Published: September 2019

The effects of temperature and nanometer-sized bubbles (NBs) on a superior electric storage capacitor for anodically oxidized films of AlY10 amorphous alloys were determined at temperatures ranging from 275 to 298 K in 0.4 M H2SO4 solutions with NBs of ozone, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. The AAO specimen obtained by solution with carbon dioxide NBs at 278 K showed longer discharging time. The discharging time increases with increasing charging time and then saturates after around 70 s. The increment in temperature makes the structure from simple series capacitor with large capacitance to simple parallel capacitor with lower capacitance and larger resistance. The stability of NBs in water could be explained by enclosure in protonated polyhedral water clusters. The collapse of clusters with oxygen NBs result in the formation of OH− radicals and its resulting elution of Al, while carbon oxide NBs prevent the formation of OH− radicals, promoting sluggish oxidation that is required for the formation of AlO6 clusters.
Antimony doped tin oxide/polyethylenimine electron selective contact for reliable and light soaking-free high performance inverted organic solar cells
Authors: Georgiou Efthymios , Papadas Ioannis T. , Antoniou Ioanna , Oszajca Marek F. , Hartmeier Benjamin , Rossier Michael , Luechinger Norman A. , Choulis Stelios A.
Published: September 2019

We have demonstrated a high-performance low temperature solution processed electron selective contact consisting of 10 at. % antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) and the neutral polymer polyethylenimine (PEI). Inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs) utilizing ATO/PEI as electron selective contact exhibited high power conversion efficiencies for both the reference P3HT:PCBM and the nonfullerene based P3HT:IDTBR active layer OPV material systems. Importantly, it is shown that the proposed ATO/PEI carrier selective contact provides light soaking-free inverted OPVs. Furthermore, by increasing the thickness of the ATO layer from 40 to 120 nm, the power conversion efficiency of the corresponding inverted OPVs remain unaffected, a parameter which indicates the potential of the proposed ATO/PEI carrier selective contact for high performance light-soaking-free and reliable roll-to-roll printing solutions processed inverted OPVs.
Genetic dissection of active forgetting in labile and consolidated memories inDrosophila
Authors: Gao Yang , Shuai Yichun , Zhang Xuchen , Peng Yuwei , Wang Lianzhang , He Jing , Zhong Yi , Li Qian
Published: September 2019

Significance

As a critical component of a healthy memory management system, forgetting has received increasing attention. Studies across multiple species support important roles of actin remodeling in forgetting. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. InDrosophila, Rac1 and Cdc42, 2 Rho GTPases that act as signaling hubs to coordinate actin remodeling, were reported to mediate the forgetting of labile and consolidated memories, respectively. Here, we showed that Rac1 and Cdc42 exert their effects on forgetting by acting through 2 different actin polymerization pathways, Rac1/SCAR/Dia and Cdc42/WASp/Arp2/3 complexes. These findings fill in the molecular landscape that link forgetting to actin remodeling at the cellular level and shed light on drug development that aims to tune forgetting to treat memory-related diseases.
p53 prevents doxorubicin cardiotoxicity independently of its prototypical tumor suppressor activities
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Ping-yuan , Long Nathaniel A. , Zhuang Jie , Springer Danielle A. , Zou Jizhong , Lin Yongshun , Bleck Christopher K. E. , Park Ji-Hoon , Kang Ju-Gyeong , Hwang Paul M.
Published: September 2019

Significance

Doxorubicin is a DNA-damaging agent that is highly effective against various types of cancers, but a subset of treated patients develop heart failure for unclear genetic reasons. In the current study using p53 mouse models, low-dose doxorubicin as administered in the clinics surprisingly revealed that the absence of p53 increases susceptibility to doxorubicin cardiotoxicity while a mutant of p53 that retains mitochondrial regulation is protective. Notably, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis with a simple vitamin supplement ameliorated the cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, mitochondrial blood markers observed in association with doxorubicin susceptibility could provide guidance for the safer use of this effective chemotherapy.
The CEACAM1-derived peptide QLSN impairs collagen-induced human platelet activation through glycoprotein VI
Authors: Ye Yujia , Wan Wen , Wang Jing , Hu Wei , Wang Huawei , Li Longjun , Sang Peng , Gu Yajuan , Li Deng , Wang Zhe , Meng Zhaohui
Published: September 2019

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) regulates collagen-mediated platelet activation through its cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs). However, the function of CEACAM1’s extracellular cleavage fragments is currently unknown. In the present study, we used mass spectrometry (MS) to identify 9 cleavage fragments shed by matrix metallopeptidase 12 (MMP-12), and then we synthesized peptides with sequences corresponding to the fragments. QLSNGNRTLT (QLSN), a peptide from the A1-domain of CEACAM1, significantly attenuated collagen-induced platelet aggregation. QLSN also attenuated platelet static adhesion to collagen. Additionally, QLSN reduced human platelet secretion and integrin αIIbβ3 activation in response to glycoprotein VI (GPVI)–selective agonist, convulxin. Correspondingly, QLSN treatment significantly decreased convulxin-mediated phosphorylation of Src, protein kinase B (Akt), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) in human platelets. These data indicate that the CEACAM1-derived peptide QLSN inhibits GPVI-mediated human platelet activation. QLSN could potentially be developed as a novel antiplatelet agent.
The changing face of Great Lakes fisheries
Authors: Taylor William W. , Good Molly J. , Carlson Andrew K. , Scholze Tomena , Triezenberg Heather A. , Lambe Robert
Published: September 2019

Fisheries productivity in the Laurentian Great Lakes has changed dramatically over the past century. Invasions of non-native species and anthropogenically induced environmental changes in habitat quality and quantity have significantly altered the species composition and abundance of Great Lakes fishes, thereby affecting the social and economic well-being of coastal communities that rely on the good and services that these fishes provide. Our increased ability to locate, access, catch, preserve, and transport fish while modifying their habitats has resulted in the loss of native fish populations, which has profoundly impacted the ecological functioning and thus the productivity, structure, and services of Great Lakes ecosystems. Further, our lack of predictable scientific knowledge and control over factors affecting the productivity of the various Great Lakes fisheries, coupled with the failure of fisheries governance systems to manage these resources sustainably, have often left Great Lakes commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries and their local fishing communities impoverished and in disarray. In this paper, we discuss the environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic changes that have characterized the Great Lakes basin in the last century. We also share our perspectives and personal stories about the impacts of these changes on ecosystems, fisheries, and the local and regional communities and economies that depend on them for their health and well-being. A key lesson learned was, that if we are to ensure the integrity and productivity of Great Lakes fisheries in the future, we must become better stewards, possessing a more predictable scientific and ecosystem-based understanding of fishes and their habitats while communicating the value of fisheries in food, recreational opportunities, and the economic and social wealth of local communities. The fate of Great Lakes fisheries and the quality of life of the people who use these resources are inextricably linked and can only be sustained in productive, well-governed, and well-balanced fisheries managed holistically at the ecosystem level.
First passage and first hitting times of Lévy flights and Lévy walks
Authors: Palyulin Vladimir V , Blackburn George , Lomholt Michael A , Watkins Nicholas W , Metzler Ralf , Klages Rainer , Chechkin Aleksei V
Published: September 2019

For both Lévy flight and Lévy walk search processes we analyse the full distribution of first-passage and first-hitting (or first-arrival) times. These are, respectively, the times when the particle moves across a point at some given distance from its initial position for the first time, or when it lands at a given point for the first time. For Lévy motions with their propensity for long relocation events and thus the possibility to jump across a given point in space without actually hitting it (‘leapovers’), these two definitions lead to significantly different results. We study the first-passage and first-hitting time distributions as functions of the Lévy stable index, highlighting the different behaviour for the cases when the first absolute moment of the jump length distribution is finite or infinite. In particular we examine the limits of short and long times. Our results will find their application in the mathematical modelling of random search processes as well as computer algorithms.
Invited Commentary: Two-Phase, Generalized Case-Control Designs for Quantitative Longitudinal Outcomes and Evolution of the Case-Control Study
Authors: Flanders W Dana
Published: September 2019

The case-control study design has evolved substantially over the past half century. The design has long been recognized as a way to increase efficiency by studying fewer subjects than would be required for a full cohort study. Historically, it was thought that case-control studies required a rare disease assumption for valid risk ratio estimation, but it was later realized that rare disease was not necessary. Over time, the design and analysis methods were further modified to allow estimation of rate ratios or to allow each person to serve as his/her own control (as we see with case-cohort and case-crossover studies, for example). We now understand that efficiency can be increased through the use of outcome-dependent sampling not only for dichotomous outcomes but also for continuous outcomes in longitudinal studies with repeated outcome measurement during follow-up. In their accompanying paper, Schildcrout et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2019;000(00):000–000) contribute to our understanding, clearly summarizing many recent advances in study design and analyses that allow more general and efficient use of case-control studies. Their simulations demonstrate that improved efficiency is achieved with these methods when the goal is to estimate associations of exposure with trajectories and patterns of change over time. Here we comment on application of some of these generalized case-control methods to causal inference.
Contemporary Poetry and Capitalism
Authors: Hunter Walt
Published: September 2019

The field of poetry and poetics has been revitalized by a decade and a half of close attention to many of its enduring premises and assumptions. Three new books by Jasper Bernes, Margaret Ronda, and Heather Milne show how US poetry from 1945 to the present responds to the changing conditions of historical capitalism. Departing from older periodizing narratives anchored in the shift from modernism to postmodernism, these books uncover the poetic histories that emerge in tandem with changes in economic structures and political regimes.
Topical Nanofat Biocrème Improves Aesthetic Outcomes of Nonablative Fractionated Laser Treatment: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Cohen Steven R , Goodacre Ashley K , Womack Hayley , Delaunay Flore , Wood Danielle , Wesson Tristan , Tiryaki Tunc
Published: September 2019

Background

Improvements in skin erythema and elasticity have been observed with topical application of platelet-rich plasma after fractional laser (FXD) treatment. Injections of nanofat via small needles into the dermis improves tissue thickness, discoloration and wrinkle depth.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate improvements in skin following a nonablative FXD treatment combined with the application of a novel topical nanofat biocrème, called neo-U.

Methods

Fifty patients were treated with a nonablative FXD followed by application of a topical nanofat biocrème. Harvested fat was processed into nanofat, which was compounded with a transdermal liposomal delivery vector to produce a topical biocrème. In 2 patients, postauricular skin punch biopsies were performed before and after treatment and examined for histologic changes. Photographs of a historical group treated with only the FXD were compared with photographs of patients treated with a combination of topical nanofat biocrème and FXD. Skin types were evaluated for improvements in nasolabial folds, wrinkles, and skin texture.

Results

Findings from postauricular skin biopsies show the skin exposed to FXD with nanofat biocrème had more elastin fibers and a slight increase in the thickness of the epidermis. Patients treated with FXD plus nanofat biocrème had a statistically significant improvement in the degree of wrinkles, nasolabial fold depth, and texture compared with historical controls.

Conclusions

Transdermal delivery of nanofat topical biocrème applied after FXD treatment can serve as a delivery system to improve fine lines, nasolabial fold depth, and overall texture of the tissue to a greater degree than laser resurfacing alone.
Behavioral Responses to Decreasing Day Length in Wintering Sea Ducks
Authors: Systad Geir H. , Bustnes Jan O. , Erikstad Kjell E.
Published: September 2019

Sea ducks generally are diurnal feeders, but large numbers winter above the Arctic Circle where day lengths decrease dramatically in winter. To determine how sea ducks cope with short day lengths, we studied different aspects of the behavior of three sympatric wintering species (Common Eider [Somateria mollissima], King Eider [S. spectabilis], and Oldsquaw [Clangula hyemalis]) at 70°N where day length is reduced to less than 4.5 h of twilight in midwinter. Numbers of both eider species remained fairly constant throughout winter, whereas Oldsquaws moved out of the area in midwinter. As day length decreased, eiders extended their feeding period into lower light intensities. Common Eiders and Oldsquaws spent a higher proportion of the day diving (underwater) when days were short, whereas King Eiders did not. As the days lengthened, King Eiders and Oldsquaws increased their total time diving at similar rates, which were faster than those of Common Eiders. Feeding at lower light intensities and increased proportions of time spent diving did not offset reduced feeding time in midwinter, and estimated time spent underwater during daylight on the shortest days was only 35% of that on the longest days in King Eiders, 51% in Common Eiders, and 39% in Oldsquaws. The ability to survive when days are short might be explained by use of stored nutrient reserves, night feeding, or high prey availability.
Breeding Ecology and Nest-Site Selection of Song Wrens in Central Panama
Authors: Robinson Tara R. , Douglas Robinson W. , Ceinwen Edwards E.
Published: September 2019

We describe nest-site selection and report measures of breeding productivity from a population of Song Wrens (Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus) in central Panama. We studied 31 pairs from 1995 to 1998 and collected data on nest predation from 1996 to 1998. Song Wrens are year-round residents that build breeding nests for reproduction and dormitory nests for roosting. Twenty-five of 50 Song Wren breeding nests produced fledglings (daily nest survival rate = 0.968). Song Wrens usually (78%) placed their breeding nests in ant-defended acacias (Acacia melanoceras). However, nests placed in acacias did not experience lower rates of nest predation than nests placed in sites not defended by ants. The population-wide breeding season was seven months long, but individual pairs often bred within a span of only 2.5 months. Modal clutch size was two (n = 42), but the frequency of three-egg clutches was high (≥27%). Pairs that lost eggs or chicks renested more quickly than pairs that fledged young and attempted a second brood. Observed annual production of young was 1.4 fledglings per pair. Compared with other wrens, Song Wrens had a much longer breeding season and longer intervals between broods. The annual productivity of Song Wrens was the lowest recorded for any wren, which may have been due to smaller clutch sizes, long intervals between broods, and the correspondingly low number of nesting attempts per pair per year.
Anatomy and Systematics of the Confuciusornithidae (Theropoda: Aves) from the Late Mesozoic of Northeastern China
Authors: Olson Storrs L.
Published: September 2019

The following critiques express the opinions of the individual evaluators regarding the strengths, weaknesses, and value of the books they review. As such, the appraisals are subjective assessments and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the editors or any official policy of the American Ornithologists' Union.
Demography of Bell's Vireos in Missouri Grassland-Shrub Habitats
Authors: Budnik Joel M. , Ryan Mark R. , Thompson III Frank R.
Published: September 2019

Numbers of Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii) have declined throughout much of the breeding range in recent years, yet little information exists to determine factors that are causing these declines. We studied Bell's Vireos nesting in grassland-shrub habitats at two study areas in central Missouri to determine reproductive performance, survival, and population growth potential. Birds were color banded and observed during the breeding seasons of 1996, 1997, and 1998 to determine seasonal fecundity. We monitored 124 breeding pairs (127 pair years) and 213 nests. Density declined from 1.00 to 0.80 territories per 10 ha at the first site and increased from 1.11 to 1.33 at the second site during the study. Mean nesting success was 31 ± SE of 0.03% overall and ranged from 13 to 42% among years and study areas; 57% of the pairs fledged at least one young. Low annual production was a function of high rates of nest predation (41% of all nests observed, accounting for 44 to 78% of daily nest mortality annually) and nest parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater; 29% of nests observed, 17 to 37% of daily nest mortality annually). Mean seasonal fecundity was 1.60 young fledged per pair per year (range 1.00 to 1.79). Annual survival of adults was 61 ± 0.04% and was higher than previously reported. We used our estimates of seasonal fecundity and annual survival of adults to determine the finite rate of increase (λ) for our study population. Our study areas seemingly comprised sink habitats (λ = 0.85). Thus, the vireos on our study areas likely were limited by low reproductive success. Population declines also may be caused by habitat loss, which highlights the need for investigation of historical and current rates of loss of grassland-shrub habitat.
A New Species of Tody-Tyrant (Tyrannidae: Poecilotriccus) From Northern Peru
Authors: Johnson Ned K. , Jones Robert E.
Published: September 2019

We describe a new species of tody-tyrant of the genus Poecilotriccus, isolated in midelevation forests of the Cordillera de Colán and nearby mountains to the east in the northeastern Andes of Peru. The new species is allopatric from, and forms a probable superspecies with, the Rufous-crowned Tody-Tyrant (P. ruficeps), the nearest known populations of which inhabit the Cerro Chinguela of northern Peru. The geographic ranges of those sister taxa are divided by the North Peruvian Low, occupied by the Río Marañón, the major break in east-slope Andean forest between Venezuela and Bolivia. The new species and its allospecies, P. ruficeps are identical in color of the back and in lightness and hue of the crown, but are 100% separable in lightness, chroma, and hue of the belly; in color and pattern of the face; and in song. We infer that differences in vocalizations and facial markings would serve as premating reproductive isolating mechanisms should the two forms become sympatric.
Response of Passerine Birds to Forest Edge in Coast Redwood Forest Fragments
Authors: Brand L. Arriana , George T. Luke
Published: September 2019

The response of passerine birds to forest edge was examined in old-growth and mature second-growth coast redwood (Sequoia sempivirens) forest in northern California. The study objectives were to determine which common passerine species are sensitive to edges during the breeding season and to estimate edge width for forest interior species. Response to edge was measured along twelve 100 × 400 m plots extending from the edge into the forest interior to obtain relative density of birds. Plots were surveyed 4 to 5 times in 1996 and 8 to10 times in 1997. We found that 14 common passerines showed a gradient of edge sensitivity. Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) and Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) had higher relative densities near edges than in the forest interior (P < 0.05) and were categorized as edge species. Brown Creeper (Certhia americana), Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes), Pacific-slope Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis), and Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius) had lower relative densities near edges (P < 0.05) and were categorized as interior birds. Based on exponential regression models, estimated edge widths were 140 m for Varied Thrushes, 85 m for Brown Creepers, 120 m for Winter Wrens, and 125 m for Pacific-slope Flycatchers. Creation of edges would probably benefit Steller's Jays (which may be a nest predator), may not benefit Swainson's Thrushes, and may be detrimental to species that avoid edges. We recommend that edge effects be taken into consideration when planning for the conservation of bird species in the region.
Foraging Decisions of Sandwich Terns in the Presence of Kleptoparasitising Gulls
Authors: Stienen Eric W. M. , Brenninkmeijer Alex
Published: September 2019

We studied prey selection of Sandwich Terns (Sterna sandvicensis) in the presence of kleptoparasitising Black-headed Gulls (Larus ridibundus) on Griend, Dutch Wadden Sea, from 1992 to 1998. Most often, gulls robbed larger sandeels rather than herring from terns. Provided that one parent attends the chick, energy intake would be too low for the chicks' survival if exclusively fed on sandeel. By provisioning an increasing proportion of herring, parent terns could theoretically overcome a potential food shortage when the chicks grow older. However, the proportion of herring did not increase with age of chicks in most years. Instead, parents increased their foraging effort with the growth of their offspring. In years with high proportions of food loss, parents left their chicks unattended at the nest more often. In that way, parents were largely able to counterbalance food shortage of offspring. In 1992 and 1996, when diet composition was unfavorable and food losses to gulls were high, parents left their chicks unattended at the nest for ∼80% of the daylight period. It is argued that the present working level of parents might be higher than in the 1960s.
Life-History Implications of Large-Scale Spatial Variation in Adult Survival of Black Brant (Branta Bernicla Nigricans)
Authors: Sedinger James S. , Chelgren Nathan D. , Lindberg Mark S. , Obritchkewitch Tim , Kirk Morgan T. , Martin Philip , Anderson Betty A. , Ward David H.
Published: September 2019

We used capture–recapture methods to estimate adult survival rates for adult female Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans; hereafter “brant”) from three colonies in Alaska, two on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, and one on Alaska's Arctic coast. Costs of migration and reproductive effort varied among those colonies, enabling us to examine variation in survival in relation to variation in these other variables. We used the Barker model in program MARK to estimate true annual survival for brant from the three colonies. Models allowing for spatial variation in survival were among the most parsimonious models but were indistinguishable from a model with no spatial variation. Point estimates of annual survival were slightly higher for brant from the Arctic (0.90 ± 0.036) than for brant from either Tutakoke River (0.85 ± 0.004) or Kokechik Bay (0.86 ± 0.011). Thus, our survival estimates do not support a hypothesis that the cost of longer migrations or harvest experienced by brant from the Arctic reduced their annual survival relative to brant from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Spatial variation in survival provides weak support for life-history theory because brant from the region with lower reproductive investment had slightly higher survival.
Sexual Differences in Gap-Crossing Ability of a Forest Songbird in a Fragmented Landscape Revealed Through Radiotracking
Authors: Norris D. Ryan , Stutchbury Bridget J. M.
Published: September 2019

We used radio telemetry to examine extraterritorial movements of female Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) breeding in small, isolated woodlots. Only 44% of the nine females tracked left their woodlots (n = 6 forays in total). Compared to males followed in the same fragments (Norris and Stutchbury 2001), females spent significantly less time off territory and traveled shorter distances across nonforested gaps. Unlike males in fragmented habitat and females in continuous forest, we found no evidence that females were actively seeking extrapair copulations. We conclude females are relatively more restricted to isolated fragments during the breeding season and suggest that the lack of extrapair copulation opportunity could contribute to female avoidance of fragmented habitat, resulting in a high number of unmated males. This study emphasizes the importance of examining the potential effects of fragmentation in both sexes.