bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social capital role in the utilization of mangrove ecosystem service for ecotourism on Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: SULISTYORINI IIN SUMBADA , POEDJIRAHAJOE ERNY , WIJAYANTI FAIDA LIES RAHAYU , PURWANTO RIS HADI
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Sulistyorini IS, Poedjirahajoe E, Faida LRW, Purwanto RH. 2018. Social capital role in the utilization of mangrove ecosystem service for ecotourism on Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bonorowo Wetlands 2: 61-68. Social capital has an important role in mangrove ecosystem preservation. Changes to mangrove ecosystem services can affect elements of social capital. Ecotourism is one of the alternatives that can be developed in the mangrove area in the National Park. The purpose of the study was to give an overview of the correlation between several elements of social capital in supporting ecotourism in mangrove areas. This study was conducted in five villages in East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan, namely Singa Geweh, Sangkima, Teluk Singkama, Teluk Pandan and Kandolo. There were 530 respondents from the five villages involved as informants or resource persons. The data were analyzed by Sequal Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method with SmartPLS. Based on the initial assessment by the scoring method, five social capital, i.e., trust, networking, community involvement, social norm and concern to mangrove had low criteria to support ecotourism in Kutai National Park (KNP) mangrove area. According to SEM-PLS analysis of the social capital variables, community involvement, social norms and trust had negative effect on the ecotourism. Trust and community involvement were relatively low in the four villages (Singa Geweh, Sangkima, Teluk Singkama, and Kandolo). They were associated with social norms. On the other hand, concern to mangrove, education and income levels and networking had positive effect and power to support ecosystem service of mangrove for ecotourism.
The potential contribution of peri-urban wetlands to livelihood of local communities in Shinyanga Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: YUSUPH MOHAMED , MUNISHI P.K.T.
Published: April 2020

Yusuph M, Munishi PKT. 2018. The potential contribution of peri-urban wetlands to the livelihood of local communities in Shinyanga Municipality, Tanzania. Bonorowo Wetlands 2: 75-83. The study took place in Shinyanga Municipality, Tanzania to assess the potential contribution of peri-urban wetlands to the livelihood of nearby communities. The specific objectives were to examine the participation of the suburban wetland ecosystems to natural capital-(food production/food security), evaluate the involvement of periurban wetlands ecosystem to financial capital-(household income) and assess the advantages received by farmer groups/associations formed around the utilization of wetlands (social capital). Information was acquired through households and farmer's group/associations questionnaires, focus group discussion as well as field observations. Data were analyzed by employing descriptive and inferential statistics by applying correlation and t-test. As many as 79.2% of the wetland nearby communities rely on the wetlands for food. The major food crops were paddy, fruits, vegetables, and sweet potatoes. The average production levels of cereals, vegetables and fruits were prominently higher in wetlands compared to uplands. In the case of household income wetland cultivation (paddy, vegetables, maize, and fruits) brought about statistically higher household annual mean income of Tshs 2,335,852/year (US$ 1,168) compared to Tshs 197,475/year (US$ 99) produced by upland cultivation. The results further suggested that 70% of the farmer groups/associations established around wetland utilization accessed loans/credit to support agricultural production as an advantage from being members. Sustainable use of peri-urban wetlands in Shinyanga Municipality produces substantial livelihoods to adjacent communities. Conservation of such wetland ecosystems is indispensable for continued contribution to livelihoods while ensuring environmental protection. Further studies are necessary to unravel the nature of social capital associated with utilization of wetland ecosystems.
Experimental investigation on the effect of wavelength on aperture averaging in FSO communications
Authors: Nouri Hatef , Uysal Murat
Published: April 2020

Atmospheric turbulence is a major impairment in free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. Based on the fact that the size of receiver aperture is much larger than operation wavelength, aperture averaging extracts inherent receiver diversity gains and can be used as an effective fading mitigation technique. In this Letter, we consider the three most common wavelengths used in telecommunications, namely 1550, 1310, and 850 nm, and present a comparative performance evaluation of aperture averaging under the same emulated atmospheric conditions. Our emulator is in the form of an atmospheric chamber equipped with adjustable heaters, coolers, and fans to create the desired level of turbulence. Our results demonstrate that by changing the wavelength and/or aperture size, a strong turbulence condition with Gamma-Gamma statistics can turn into a weak turbulence condition with log-normal statistics. Such a phenomenon can be observed even for relatively small aperture sizes if the wavelength is sufficiently high.
Absolute interferometric testing of a flat surface based on the Laplacian method
Authors: Soltani Peyman , Darudi Ahmad
Published: April 2020

In the present study, a method is introduced for absolute interferometric testing. An interferometer is used to measure the phase difference distributions at five positions of the reference surface with respect to the test surface. The Laplacian of the phase distribution is calculated from the measured phase difference distributions. Then, the reference phase distribution is reconstructed by solving the Laplacian equation by the Fourier method. The accuracy of the method with respect to the amount of the displacement and noise is investigated by simulation and compared with the conjugate differential method. It is shown that the spatial frequencies of the phase distributions reconstructed by the Laplacian method are less filtered out with respect to the conjugate differential methods. Finally, the experimental result is presented.
Para onde caminha a Argélia?
Authors: Lopes Carlos Alves
Published: April 2020

A instabilidade política no Norte de África tem um impacto relevante na segurança do Sul da Europa. O caso da Argélia é um foco de instabilidade regional que poderá trazer consequências graves à segurança europeia e impacto no comércio mundial.
Onomástica literária
Authors: Pedrassani Julia Sonaglio , Eckert Kleber , Röhrig Maiquel
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise dos nomes dos principais personagens do romance urbano Lucíola, de José de Alencar, publicado em 1862, pertencente à segunda geração do Romantismo brasileiro. A pesquisa foi amparada pela Onomástica, mais especificamente, pela Antroponímia – área da Onomástica que estuda os nomes próprios de pessoa. O objetivo é verificar se os nomes dos personagens foram escolhidos aleatoriamente ou se foram escolhidos com base no seu significado etimológico. Para tanto, discutem-se alguns conceitos teóricos da área da Onomástica, bem como de suas ramificações, de modo que foram destacadas questões como o surgimento dos nomes próprios, transformações que eles sofrem ao longo do tempo e relações existentes entre a origem do nome e do significado que ele exprime. Além disso, apresenta-se uma breve contextualização acerca do Romantismo brasileiro e do enredo da obra. A análise dos nomes teve como base a comparação entre as características físicas e comportamentais dos personagens, evidenciadas por trechos retirados do romance, e definições etimológicas e simbólicas encontradas em dicionários de nomes. Após a realização da pesquisa, foi possível notar que há uma relação entre os nomes dos personagens e suas características, o que revela que José de Alencar não escolheu os nomes de maneira fortuita, mas de acordo com a sua etimologia e/ou a sua significação.
Mudanças de uso da terra e estimativas de emissões antrópicas de CO2 em bacia hidrográfica
Authors: De Sousa Jocy Ana Paixão , Lopes Elfany Reis do Nascimento , De Souza José Carlos , Lourenço Roberto Wagner
Published: April 2020

As interferências antrópicas sempre provocaram grandes impactos nasuperfície terrestre, com maior intensidade nos últimos tempos em funçãodas mudanças do uso da terra, que contribuem para emissão dos gases doefeito estufa, em especial do dióxido de carbono. Neste sentido, o estudoobjetivou analisar as transições do uso da terra e as emissões de CO2resultantes dessas ações em uma bacia hidrográfica. Para isto realizou-semapeamentos de uso da terra de 2007, 2010, 2013 e 2016, como tambémestimou as emissões decorrentes das transições. Para o cálculo das emissõeslíquidas de CO2 foram utilizados dados das transições que ocorreram, davegetação pretérita e informações pedológicas. Todos os procedimentosforam realizados com auxílio de técnicas de geoprocessamento esensoriamento remoto, resultando em matrizes de transições e de emissõesdo CO2, além das informações espacializadas. Observou-se que a categoriafloresta apresentou a maior conversão para outros tipos de uso da terra,destacando-se uma perda de 208,86 ha entre 2010 a 2013. Em relação asemissões, verificaram-se que em nove anos ocorreram mais emissões do quesequestro de carbono da atmosfera, o que mostra a necessidade de medidasde gestão e planejamento que visem a amenização dos impactos ocasionadospela intensa modificações de uso terra na bacia estudada.
Family’s Experience: Nursing Care for Colorectal Cancer Patients with Colostomy
Authors: Sujianto Untung , Billy Roland , Margawati Ani
Published: April 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer patients with colostomy have various complaints about changes in their life including the need for comprehensive and personal care. Ostomy nurses are responsible for managing people with a colostomy, and this particular nursing practice continues to develop globally. Also, previous literature highlights the importance of caregiver’s support, particularly family in colostomy patient care.Purpose: This study aimed to explore the family experience of colorectal cancer patients toward colostomy nursing careMethods: The study design used was descriptive phenomenology to explore the experience of ten participants through in-depth interviews. The participants were selected using purposive sampling with the inclusion criteria: family members of colorectal cancer patients with colostomy, over 21 years old, and able to communicate verbally. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method.Results: The results revealed three themes related to the family’s experience: (1) positive and negative behavior in nursing care, (2) living with a colostomy, (3) expectations for nursing care. The findings showed that the families were happy with the ostomy nursing care though some aspects needed to be improved. However, colorectal cancer patients experienced some difficulties in living with a colostomy.Conclusion: The study concluded that the colostomy nursing care still needs to be improved. This study recommends the ostomy nurses to improve their nursing care, especially in terms of skills, responsiveness, and awareness.
Маска „одеського бомонду”: поезія Бориса Нечерди
Authors: Поліщук Ярослав
Published: April 2020

There are analysed in the article writings of the Ukrainian poet Borys Necherda (1939-1998). He was the original writer of the generation of 1960th and made brave experiments with the artistic word. Necherda as an author balanced between the official literature and the literature of the underground. There are a lot of unconventional features in his poems such as colloquial vocabulary, elements of slang, journalism, mixing of discourses and various means of rhetoric. That was a reason that Necherda’s writings were not appreciated during his life. Only nowadays after the poet’s death we have the possibility to re-read it from new points of view. This writings evidence a process of vanguard experimenting. In an original way they present a local peculiarity of a place: the poet become the voice of the „Odessa beaumond”, choosing masks for his lyrical subject.
Święte i doczesne… ciało, czyli o somatycznym wymiarze narracji
Authors: Lis-Wielgosz Izabela
Published: April 2020

The article briefly presents a series of problems discussed in the dissertation entitled Свето и пропадљиво. Тело у српској хагиографској књижевности (Holy and Worldly. Body in Serbian Hagiographic Literature) by Smilja Marjanović-Dušanić. Dedicated to a wide professional and non-professional audience, the book in question is a significant scientific work since it refers not only to the historical, but also to the anthropological and culturological description related to the activity of decoding of such essential socio-cultural category like body. Considered as a highly complex phenomenon, body is a sign generated by the realm of various traditions and discourses which render different cultural modes or primary and secondary contexts; it might be also conceived as a distinctive signature of given time-space, community and cultural system. It will not be an exaggeration to say that the dissertation is an extremely interesting and indeed outstanding study of the subject which impresses with its high cognitive value and research rank. What is more, it offers a serious and objective view of the convoluted and multidimensional cultural phenomenon and identity construct.
Decentred Geographies: Poetics and Politics of the Avant-garde
Authors: Božić Blanuša Zrinka
Published: April 2020

Thanks to the work of Pascale Casanova, Franco Moretti, David Damrosch and many others, over the past two decades, the concept of world literature has once again become the subject of thorough examination within the field of literary studies, especially in relation to cosmopolitanism and globalization. When it comes to the study of individual national literatures and specific regional contexts, as well as to the definition of comparative literature as a discipline, debates regarding its background, its reach and limitations could not be ignored. World literature thus appears as a heterogenous entity – always manifesting in different contexts in different forms – consistently in dialogical exchange with specificities of a particular literature and culture. Instead of discussing the problematic relation between centre and periphery or criticizing the idea of global literary and cultural canon, the avant-garde as an international and global phenomenon that appears even more radically on the so-called periphery is what is of primary interest to me. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that avant-garde (in its various forms and radical expressions) simultaneously challenges art as an institution and introduces the idea of a decentred geography of world literature.
Futurist Suggestions in the War Poems by Josip (Sibe) Miličić
Authors: Cabassi Nicoletta
Published: April 2020

With the opening of the twentieth century, the beneficial river of the avant-gardes seemed to flood the entire European continent in a happy contamination of national cultures, giving life to an authentic supranational koine of artists: it was sometimes fusion of forms, styles, environments, cultures, a salutary effort to rejuvenate languages. The particular attention of the Italian Futurists to the new national realities was among the factors of particular attraction to the movement for South Slavs whose representative was Josip (Sibe) Miličić, who called for cultural and political renewal of his country. His direct encounter with Marinetti and Boccioni seems to leave its mark on his poetry both structurally and thematically: in the collection from 1914, Miličić reveals a new sensibility and a new rhythm: in one of his war lyrics, the futurist suggestions materialize in his first onomatopoeic attempt, suitable to undermine the lyricism of the verse by intensifying the link between the phonic aspect and the meaning. Despite their common interventionism, the Great War found the Croat and the Italian Futurists on opposite political positions concerning the Dalmatian islands and the Italian expansionism on the Adriatic. The poet’s war experience lead him to a “mature” phase starting in the twenties with his first article-manifesto. At this time he was able to reprocess his own critical identity: affirming his deeply anti-materialist and anti-industrial spiritualism, his standpoints by then had become very distant from Marinetti’s insights.
Raoul Kneucker (2020): Bürokratische Demokratie, demokratische Bürokratie
Authors: Nowotny Thomas
Published: April 2020

n/a
Precios del suelo y centros comerciales, un análisis de la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Gutiérrez López Julián Alberto , Gómez Pimienta David Felipe , Uribe Cruz Mallorie Joanna , Moreno Ramírez Juan Camilo
Published: April 2020

El presente trabajo aborda el diseño y la aplicación de un modelo de precios hedónicos, mediante el cual se establecerá la elasticidad en el precio del metro cuadrado de terreno a la distancia a un centro comercial en la ciudad de Bogotá y a los demás factores socioeconómicos y de localización que puedan intervenir en la formación de dicho precio para el año 2018. Para esto, se usó la información cartográfica de la totalidad de manzanas de la ciudad de Bogotá y todos los centros comerciales existentes a la fecha. Para el diseño del modelo econométrico se tomó la información de la base de datos de la página de Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales para el Distrito Capital (IDECA), información socioeconómica suministrada por la Secretaría de Planeación Distrital, y el inventario del Sistema Vial del Instituto de Desarrollo Urbano (IDU). Los resultados muestran una relación inversa entre la distancia a los centros comerciales y los precios del suelo, indicando que, a mayor distancia entre un predio y un centro comercial, el precio del suelo de dicho predio es más bajo, es decir al aumentar la distancia un 1% el valor del suelo caerá en -0,28%.
Caracterización de las mipymes sostenibles del sector turístico del Estado de Baja California, México
Authors: Bernal Escoto Blanca Estela , Rosete Herrera Karen Michelle , Estrada Cabada Mayra Hayde
Published: April 2020

La creciente preocupación que presenta el Estado de Baja California con respecto a la sostenibilidad de sus negocios, se deriva de la proximidad geográfica que se tiene con los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, y las especificaciones demandadas por el turismo local y extranjero, quienes cada vez demuestran un gran interés en los aspectos sociales, económicos y medio ambientales; lo que obliga a los empresarios de las micro, pequeñas y medianas (mipymes) a ofertar productos o servicios con dichos requerimientos. El sector turístico es uno de los más demandados nacionalmente, por los consumidores de productos o servicios que se preocupan por el desarrollo sostenible, lo que origina la necesidad de estudiar el turismo sostenible como estrategia de competitividad. La industria turística en Baja California ha sido una fuente importante de ingresos en la última década, lo que permite una proyección internacional debido a su naturaleza geográfica e intercambio cultural. La literatura muestra que en Colombia —en Bogotá y Manizales— se han implementado parques turístico-ecológicos como alternativa para el desarrollo sostenible, incrementándose con esto su Producto Interno Bruto (pib) como indicador económico y la creación de empleos como indicador social. Con respecto al Estado de Baja California, el turismo sostenible y su grado de gestión en las mipymes son un tema aún sin explorar. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar el grado de gestión sostenible de las mipymes de Baja California pertenecientes al sector turístico. La metodología es descriptiva y correlacional. A la fecha, se han estudiado mipymes de los municipios de Tijuana y Mexicali; como herramienta de recopilación de datos se utilizó la encuesta y se observó que presentan diferencias significativas en el tipo de turismo que reciben, el efecto de la situación migratoria de la entidad, la publicidad realizada y los apoyos gubernamentales, entre otras.
Evaluation of the interpretation criteria of Western Blot profiles for the HIV-1 infection diagnosis in a South Moroccan group
Authors: Chadli Smail , Ait Said Hassna , Fadil Fatima Zahra , Benlmeliani Fatima , Sardi Jamila , Kharbouch Samira , Hassaini Nadia , El Bassbassi Maryem , Taqarort Naima , Oulkheir Said , Aghrouch Mohamed
Published: April 2020

Introduction : Western Blot (WB) is the most commonly used method to confirm the presence of antibodies against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). The interpretation of WB, however, poses difficulties since of the multiplicity of criteria proposed by various international organizations. Some criteria generate an unacceptable number of indeterminate results, thus preventing the early management of patients. The present work aims to evaluate the different criteria for interpretation of WB according to various organizations compared to viral load test.Material and methods : This is a study carried out on a total of 2 618 Western Blot profiles registered during a period of 56 month (from January 2013 to September 2017) at the Laboratory of Medical Analysis of Regional Hospital Center in Agadir.Results : The results obtained indicate that some organizations have very interesting values concerning the positivity of the WB profiles; WHO (94.84%), CDC/ ASTPHLD (94.61%) and SFTS (93.09%). For the negative profiles, all the organizations have identical values with 3.59%. Regarding indeterminate profiles, the WHO gave the minimum of these cases (1.57%) followed by CDC / ASTPHLD (1.8%) and SFTS (3.32%). The WHO provided very interesting values for sensitivity (98.93%), specificity (91.26%), positive predictive value (99.64%) and negative predictive value (74.60%). Similarly, the CDC / ASTPHLD criteria remain favorable and are highly consistent with those of WHO (p = 0.8113).Conclusion : Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values are characteristics of WB test that interpret the results and allow applying them to patients. In our context, it is recommended to adopt the WHO criteria to facilitate the interpretation of western blot profiles. The CDC / ASTPHLD criteria remain favorable to adoption.
Different Fate of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (Clinical and EEG Cases Report)
Authors: Drobný Michal , Krkoška Dušan , Sobolová Gabriela , Babušík Martin , Učňová Silvia , Drobná Sániová Beata , Tulejová Lenka , Priadka Daniel
Published: April 2020

We followed clinical and EEG examinations of two patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in acute condition along with monitoring their early and late outcomes. Patients: M. B., 23-year-old female, who completed home treatment as a severe organic psycho-syndrome, reliant on nursing care, and L. J., now 16-year-old female patient, whose HSE in the 3 rd year of her life went into auto-aggressive Rasmussen encephalitislike condition with epileptic status in the form of Epilepsia parcialis continua (EPC).

The EEG signal was statistically processed using «power spectral analysis» with color maps 3D BM showing the performance of individual frequency bands topographically and the measurement of connectivity in longitudinal and transversal direction by means of the mean coherencies — indexes of connectivity.

On the 9th year of L. J. life when she overcame varicella with a significant eruption of the skin and high temperature the highly active EEG patterns were attenuated both graphically and clinically with a significant reduction in focal epilepsy. The latter was affected by a total thiopentotal anesthesia and bolus corticotherapy, as well as amantadine sulphate.

This patient exhibited central right lower limb mono-paresis in a selfstanding walk and 4–5 short myoclonic abduction cramps in arm joints associated with vocalized «hee-haw», deep inspiring and expiring in full consciousness. MRI proved hyperintense area parasagitally on the left side of the centromotor region and EEG with epileptogenic grapho-elements in adjacent scar. We compared the last sample of the EEG signal to the EEG patterns of her homozygous sister and found them identical with no pathological graphoelements.

These patients survival was the result of continuing anti-viral treatment, intensive medical and nursing care aimed to protect neural cells in the brain, the effect of which was longitudinally monitored by classic and statistical EEG signal analysis.

The late outcome of these patients was diametrically different. L. J. graduated from the 9-year primary school with good results. M. B. was progressively mobilized, despite the clinical signs of severe alterations of psychic sphere as a result of postencephalitic encephalopathy with insufficient response to neuroleptics and sedatives. After parents’ agreement received she was transferred to the regional hospital.
Oxygen Regime and Exchange of Ammonia in the Sensomotor Cortex of Cats During Blood Loss and Hyperbaric Oxygenation
Authors: Yakovlev V. N. , Savilov P. N.
Published: April 2020

Purpose.To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the oxygen regime and ammonia metabolism in the neurons of cat cortex in hemorrhagic shock.

Material and methods.Experiments were performed on 164 cats (males). The effect of HBO (3 ATA, 50 min) on cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen tension (PO2), the content of ammonia (Am), glutamine (Gn), glutamate (Gt), α-ketglutarate (α-KG), the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDG), glutamine synthetase (GS), phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) activity was studied in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC); the content of Am, GN and oxygen parameters in arterial (AB) blood and venous blood (VB) of the sagittal sinus in hemorrhagic shock caused by fractional bloodletting of their femoral artery at a rate of 10ml/kg/10 min in an average volume of 24±0.8 ml/kg, which was stopped with a decrease in systolic blood pressure to the level of 60.0±1.5 mm Hg. HBO was commenced on post-hemorrhagic minute 10 following the regimen of 3 ATA for 60 min.

Results.The decrease in CBF and PO2in SMC develops as early as the 10th minute of hemorrhagic shock, progressing to the stage of hemorrhagic shock decompensation (60±14 min). Accumulation of Am in the SMC at the stage of hemorrhagic shock decompensation associated with stimulation of PDG and GDG activity, inhibition of hemorrhagic shock activity and deficiency of α-KG. HBO, without eliminating hypoxia in SMC, prevented the development of the decompensation stage in animals with GS, pathological accumulation of Am, and a decrease in the activity of hemorrhagic shock. HBO increases the Gn increment from the SMC, into the blood. Under HBO conditions, the stimulating effect of hypoxia on GDG activity remains, but the concentration of glutamate remains within the normal range, as does the activity of PDG.

Conclusion.Hyperbaric oxygenation, without eliminating hypoxia in SMC, which develops in hemorrhagic shock, prevents a violation of the exchange of ammonia in it, caused by acute non-compensated blood loss.
Seventeenth through Nineteenth Century Philadelphia Quakers as the First Advocates for Insane, Imprisoned, and Impoverished Populations
Authors: Riley Joanna
Published: April 2020

The Society of Friends, especially in the city of Philadelphia, was the only group in the seventeenth century through mid-nineteenth century to align themselves with the plight of those deemed insane, imprisoned, or impoverished. While the connection to the insane was seemingly decided on by those outside of the Society of Friends, their first-hand experience of being thrown into prison simply for being Quaker brought to light the awful conditions within. Women served not only as ministers and proponents within the Quaker movement, but also as caregivers and nurses within the institutions created by the Friends in order to improve society as a whole. They were also observed within these institutions as patients and prisoners. The names Hannah Mills and Julia Moore may not yet be familiar, but the course of this research requires their experiences with the Society of Friends be included.
How Did Geography Affect the Haitian Revolution?
Authors: Romine Jennifer
Published: April 2020

This paper concerns Haiti’s geography and how it affected the Haitian Revolution. Its aims involve detailing the geography (especially human and physical) of colonial Saint-Domingue at the end of the Eighteenth Century and investigating the impact of that geography on the Haitian Revolution. The study focuses chiefly on primary sources from France, Saint-Domingue, and the United States in the late Eighteenth and early Nineteenth centuries and uses them to narrate the relationship of the Haitian revolutionaries to the geography of their country. It paints a picture of colonial Saint-Domingue as a mountainous and sparsely-populated place, largely remote from the French metropole, and with certain regions alienated from each other by a lack of economic ties. It then discusses the unconventional, Fabian, and proto-Guerrilla tactics that the Haitian revolutionaries employed, including asymmetric warfare, the employment of the surrounding biome in manufacturing supplies and gaining positional advantages, and the use of mountainous jungle to bluff the enemy concerning the size and equipment of insurgent forces. It notes how this strategy works symbiotically with the local environment, and how it propelled the Haitian Revolution to victory and allowed the continuous maintenance of an upper hand against enemy armies despite a disadvantage in numbers and equipment and a pro forma colony-metropole relationship with France. It describes the ways in which this symbiotic relationship with geography not only won Haiti’s independence but also shook the world. This paper describes Saint-Domingue’s geography during the time of the Haitian Revolution, and then discusses the importance of this geography in the creation of the first revolutionary black republic.
Foreign Born Populations and Unemployment in the United States: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Doncaster Steven
Published: April 2020

Immigration to the United States has played a crucial role in the founding and development of the nation. However, there has also been a consistent trend of native born United States citizens to pin employment struggles on new immigrant populations. In the wake of the 2016 presidential election and the rhetoric espoused about immigrants, the relationship between new immigrant populations and employment has continued. Is there a relationship between areas with high foreign born populations and high unemployment? By conducting a regression analysis using U.S. Congressional districts as the unit of analysis, I find that there does appear to be a statistically significant relationship between areas with high foreign born populations and high unemployment rates. However, there appears to be a more statistically significant and larger change in the unemployment rate caused by median family incomes and the commuting time to work. I concluded that efforts to better address transportation systems in the United States and addressing income inequality will be more effective at solving unemployment issues than divisive rhetoric towards immigrants. I also recommend that policy initiatives to better integrate new immigrants into U.S. society be studied to curb the relationship between high unemployment areas and high foreign born populations.
Love is Historically, Institutionally, and Societally Constructed: Using Intersectionality to Examine Racial Issues of Power and Privilege in Queer Relationships
Authors: Tahir Sarah
Published: April 2020

How does interracial attraction expose power dynamics within both heterosexual and queer relationships in accordance with historical and institutional infringements on civil rights? With my research paper, I aim to unpack the power dynamics, present and historically constructed, within white-person of color relationships, as well as the desires for whiteness, cisheteronormativity, and assimilation inherent in them due to hegemonic, normative systems of superiority and dependency. I will use American court cases to demonstrate institutional infringements on queerness as well as scholarly articles which support my point that whiteness infiltrates every aspect of life including relationships and the dynamics which form them, with a specific focus on visibility.
The Greek Voyage
Authors: Tzumakaris Panagiotis
Published: April 2020

During the spring semester of 2018, I took History 4497, a writing intensive course with an emphasis on European travel writing. My research focused on English travel writers of the late 16th and early 17th centuries voyaging to Greece. In my analysis, I examine the interactions early English travel writers experienced with the peoples of Greece. These interactions not only allow for an interesting first-hand insight of Greek life but provide reflections of the authors and their culture. Major themes discussed in my analysis include the anti-Greek bias, civilization versus barbarism, and non-elitist perception. I came to the conclusion that while formally-educated English travel writers’ perceptions of Greece were influenced greatly by the negative biases of their teachings, Thomas Dallam, an English organ-builder with no classical knowledge nor formal education, experienced his Greek voyage with a radically different perspective.
Siberian Routes of F. M. Dostoevsky
Authors: Safronova Elena Yu.
Published: April 2020

The article examines the routes Dostoevsky had followed from St. Petersburg to Siberia and back, and his travels through Siberia in 1850—1859. This task required a historically accurate reconstruction of Dostoevsky’s Siberian routes: Semipalatinsk—Zmiev, Semipalatinsk—Barnaul, Semipalatinsk—Zmiev—Barnaul—Kuznetsk, Semipalatinsk—Loktev plant. The article also describes the condition of the roads, indicates their length and intermediate stations, which allows to identify the writer’s Siberian routes, clarify the details of his travels, their duration and dates. The length of the routes is revealed by the Postal Road Atlas of the Russian Empire dated 1829, 1852 and 1875, topographic maps of Tomsk province, reference works, memoirs of contemporaries and the author’s collection of letters. The study revealed that the length of the road from Semipalatinsk to Zmeinogorsk is 182.5 versts (Postal Road Atlas, 1829) or 201 versts (1875); Zmeinogorsk—Barnaul — 280 (1825) or 268.75 (1875) versts. Thus, the total length of the Semipalatinsk—Zmiev—Barnaul route is equal to 462.5 versts (1825) or 469.75 versts (1875). There were two roads between Barnaul and Kuznetsk: the first one, the north road, passed through Kisluha—Beloyarsk—Golubtsovo—Kopylovo, Sorokino, Yanovskoe, Monoskino, Khmelevsky, Salairsky Pereval, Gavrilovsky Silver Smelter Plant, Gurievsk, Bachata, Karagayly, Bangur; and the second one, the south road, shorter and more direct, passed through Togul and the Tomsk plant. Only the second road is mentioned in the Postal Road Atlas. The article provides the calculation of the span of each road, and substantiates the hypothesis that Dostoevsky’s Barnaul-Kuznetsk route passed through Gobina, Zilina, Kosikha, Losishikha (Losisha), Togul’skoye village, Togul’skoye Zimov’ye, Tomsk iron plant, Berezovka and spanned 282—282.5 versts. Indirect evidence of the fact that the writer took this road are the memoirs of A. E. Vrangel and Dostoevsky’s letters. For instance, in the letters to V. M. Karepina and the writer’s elder brother (both dated 22 December 1856), Dostoevsky mentions 700—750 versts between Semipalatinsk and Kuznetsk. A comparison between topographic maps of the ХIХ century and the author’s letters allows us to revise the viewpoint of E. R. Vesterman, who insisted on the distance of 1,000 verst-route between Semipalatinsk and Kuznetsk through Salair, Guryevsk, Bachata, Karagayly, Kiselevsk, Kalachevo and Bungur. The Siberian period of Dostoevsky’s biography requires further research with support from archival sources.
Ideal supplementary cementing material – Metakaolin: A review
Authors: Thankam G. Lizia , Thurvas Renganathan Neelakantan
Published: April 2020

Though being an ancient trend, usage of the homogeneous material cement in the construction industry is steadily getting eradicated with the springing up of supplementary cementing materials (SCM). Metakaolin is an imminent mineral admixture extracted from the mineral ore kaolinite, which enhances the interfacial zone by more efficient packing at the cement paste-aggregate particle interface, thus reducing the bleeding and producing a denser, more homogeneous transition zone microstructure. This paper depicts the various repercussions of the pozzolanic material metakaolin in the fresh and hardened properties of concrete when replaced with cement in finite amount. Also, it states the behavior of high-performance concrete and self-compacting concrete with metakaolin.
Pornography use in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mestre-Bach Gemma , Blycker Gretchen R. , Potenza Marc N.
Published: April 2020

With the global expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic, social or physical distancing, quarantines, and lockdowns have become more prevalent. Concurrently, Pornhub, one of the largest pornography sites, has reported increased pornography use in multiple countries, with global traffic increasing over 11% from late February to March 17, 2020. While some substantial increases have coincided with Pornhub making its premium services free to countries in lockdowned or quarantined jurisdictions, countries without such free premium access have also reported increases in the range of 4–24%. In addition, pornography searches using the terms “coronavirus”, “corona”, and “covid” have reached more than 9.1 million. In this letter, we discuss COVID-19-related pornography-use patterns and the impact they may have with respect to problematic pornography use.
Estimating older people's labour supply decisions in Korea
Authors: Lee Inhee , Heshmati Almas
Published: April 2020

In 2017, Korea became an ‘aged society,’ with the proportion of people aged 65 or older exceeding 14%, while the ratio of the working-age population declined for the first time. This study uses data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLOSA) to examine the effects of public pension on the labour supply of older people and discusses ways of preparing for this ageing problem. The study uses the Heckman sample selection model for analysing both the extensive and intensive margins of older people's labour supply. Our results show that the effects of public pensions in Korea are very different from that in other countries. It can be inferred that these differences are a consequence of the less developed social security system and limited experience from its short period of implementation. Hence, encouraging older people to work could be a way of solving the problem of relatively high poverty among the older population in a society that is likely to age even more. This is considered an optimal solution in light of increasing life expectancy, a poor social security system, and a decrease in private income transfers from children to their ageing parents.
Nyelőcső-perforatio miatt végzett oesophagusexstirpatio rekonstrukciója hypopharyngogastrostoma képzésével
Authors: Baranyai Zsolt , Répássy Jr. Gábor , Molnár Viktória , Forgács Gábor , Hacki Tamás , Jósa Valéria , Balázs Ákos , Vass Tamás
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

A sebészi és az intenzív terápia jelentős fejlődése ellenére a
nyelőcső-perforatio napjainkban is súlyos, életet veszélyeztető állapot. A
háttérben álló kiváltó okok, a kísérő betegségek, a lokalizáció és a kialakuló
gyulladás eltérő mértéke miatt néha váratlan szituációval találkozik a sebész.
Az 58 éves nőbetegnél a gyomor mellűri inkarcerált herniája miatt kialakult
oesophagusperforatio és a következményes nekrotizáló mediastinitis miatt
végeztünk oesophagusexstirpatiót, cervicalis oesophagostomiát alakítottunk ki. A
tápcsatorna rekonstrukciója során a nyelőcsőcsonk ismeretlen eredetű, teljes
hosszát érintő „zsugorodását” találtuk. A csőgyomrot a hypopharynxra
anasztomizáltuk, a kialakult insufficientia konzervatív terápiára szanálódott. A
beteg komplex nyelésterápia után visszanyerte részleges nyelési képességét. A
nem tumoros alapbetegség miatt képzett hypopharyngogastrostoma irodalmi
ritkaság. Kényszerhelyzetben, mint amilyen az esetünk is volt, választható
műtéti megoldás. A beavatkozást azonban teammunkán alapuló rehabilitációnak kell
követnie, amelynek során kiemelt szerepe van a nyelési terápiának. Orv Hetil.
2020; 161(18): 756–760.
Az amputációk területi gyakorisága társadalmi és ellátórendszeri összefüggésben Magyarországon 2016–2017-ben
Authors: Dózsa Csaba , Szeberin Zoltán , Sótonyi Péter , Nemes Balázs , Tóth-Vajna Zsombor , Kövi Rita , Fadgyas-Freyler Petra , Korponai Gyula , Herczeg Adrienn
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A perifériás artériás betegségek
legnagyobb alcsoportját az alsó végtagi verőérbetegségek képezik, melyek a
népesség mintegy 4–6%-ában fordulnak elő. Magyarországon a vizsgált időszakban
összesen 6798 major amputációra került sor. Az időben és megfelelő módszerrel
elvégzett kezeléssel az alsó végtagi amputációk (melyek 30 napos mortalitása
20%, 2 éves mortalitása pedig 40–60% közötti) száma hatékonyan csökkenthető.
Tanulmányunk célja feltárni az ellátásban rejlő területi különbségeket.
Módszer: A perifériás erek kezelése finanszírozási
adatainak bemutatása során retrospektív adatelemzést végeztünk a Nemzeti
Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelő 2015–2017. évi finanszírozási adatainak
felhasználásával. A halálozási arány területi különbségeit leíró statisztikával
vizsgáltuk, elemezve a halálozási arányszám és egyéb faktorok közötti esetleges
összefüggéseket. Eredmények: A kistérségi – járási szintű –
elemzés (n = 174) nagy különbségeket tárt fel az országon belül az amputációk 10
ezer lakosra jutó arányát tekintve. Igazolta, hogy az amputációk döntő többségét
a járások 30%-ában végzik, vagyis a kiemelkedő rossz hazai amputációs
arányszámot a járások mintegy 30%-ának nagyon kedvezőtlen adata okozza.
Regressziós elemzés támasztotta alá a járási szintű, akár négyszeres területi
különbségek mögött meghúzódó kapcsolatot az amputációs ráta és az egyes
szocioökonómiai tényezők, illetve az endovascularis radiológiai ellátás
elérhetősége között. A rétegzett többszörös regressziós elemzés rávilágított
arra, hogy azokban a járásokban, ahol nem érhető el az endovascularis ellátás (n
= 159), az egyetemi végzettségűek aránya sokkal alacsonyabb (β1 =
–0,13, 95% CI: –0,18 – –0,09) és a 65 év felettiek aránya magasabb
(β1 = 0,14, 95% CI: 0,03–0,24), ami egymás hatásától függetlenül
szignifikánsan befolyásolja az amputációs rátát. Azokban a járásokban viszont,
ahol elérhető volt az intervenciós radiológiai ellátás (n = 14), a lakosság
életkori megoszlása hatott a leginkább (β1 = 0,7, 95% CI: 0,42–0,98)
az amputációk gyakoriságára. Következtetés: Területi és
szociális alapon jelentős különbségek tapasztalhatók az országban incidenciában,
prevalenciában és halálozási rátában is. A betegség kialakulásában,
előrehaladásában erőteljesen megjelennek a szociális, képzettségbeli és
jövedelmi különbségek, illetve a lakóhelyközeli ellátóhelyi kapacitások hatása
is. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(18): 747–755.
Residents’ Perspectives on Graduate Medical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Johnson William Rainey , Blitzer David
Published: April 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Graduate medical education (GME) programs are saddled with the dual responsibilities of exceptional healthcare delivery, while ensuring their trainees' specialty-specific competency. The COVID-19 pandemic threatens this dual mission. The scarcity of resources has required redistribution of personnel, including trainees, and limitations on the number of personnel interacting with patients. These changes have lowered specialty specific clinical volume for trainees. GME programs must look for new ways to educate trainees. Failure to do so may lead to a bottleneck within the medical education training pipeline or graduation of less than fully competent physicians. As two GME trainees on the frontlines, we describe the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on current GME training in the United States. We then propose possible remedies to the problem. To account for lost training, we discuss potential solutions for filling gaps in training and, simultaneously, urge a coordinated effort among leaders in GME to use the pandemic to catalyze a revolution that will improving training now and in the future.
Intimate Partner Violence: Using Standardized Patients to Improve Trauma-Informed Care in the era of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dyer Hedda , Stelly Desiree , LeFever Watson Gretchen
Published: April 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health problem that has been exacerbated by the social isolation measures currently in place in countries around the world. The authors appreciate the importance of teaching medical students the skill sets to cope with the recognition and diagnosis and medical management of IPV. This is because physicians are most often the first point of contact for victims of IPV. It is also essential to ensure medical students become self-aware of the emotional triggers which may be associated with caring for victims of IPV. This opinion piece explains how medical educators can make a difference in training future physicians in caring for victims of IPV. With the current COVID-19 pandemic bringing the issue of IPV sharply into focus, this paper outlines why medical educators should ensure that medical students are equipped to deal with the societal consequences emanating from the COVID-19 pandemic which will reverberate into the future. Therefore, there is no more time to waste. We are facing a critical juncture, with the current cohort of medical students and physicians exposed to the disproportionately high levels of personal, professional, and emotional trauma that have resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. Training is imperative; it is of paramount importance for our future medical professionals to be self-aware of their emotional triggers.
Successful Treatment of Cytokine Release Syndrome with IL-6 Blockade in a Patient Transitioning from Immune-Checkpoint to MEK/BRAF Inhibition: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Amlani Adam , Barber Claire , Fifi-Mah Aurore , Monzon Jose
Published: April 2020

There are now multiple targeted and immunotherapies available for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Although these agents have dramatically improved the survival of patients, the appropriate sequencing and the safety during the transition between these drugs remains unknown. Recently two cases of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) following transition from immune-checkpoint inhibitors to BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi) in patients with metastatic melanoma have been reported. CRS is a systemic cytokine-driven inflammatory reaction, previously well reported in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies for hematologic malignancies. Here, we report a third case in which severe CRS resistant to glucocorticoid therapy following transition to a MEKi/BRAFi was treated successfully with tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor. CRS should be on the differential diagnosis of immune-related adverse events of immunotherapies or targeted cancer therapies for metastatic melanoma, and clinicians in multiple disciplines should be aware of this rare complication and the potential benefits of IL-6 blockade.