bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria Express Functional Signaling Ligand-Binding Receptors that Regulate their Biological Responses – the Novel Role of Mitochondria as Stress-Response Sentinels
Authors: Brzezniakiewicz-Janus Katarzyna , Jarczak Justyna , Konopko Adrian , Ratajczak Janina , Kucia Magdalena , Ratajczak Mariusz Z.
Published: January 2025

Evidence accumulated mitochondria, as the “powerplants of the cell,” express several functional receptors for external ligands that modify their function and regulate cell biology. This review sheds new light on the role of these organelles in sensing external stimuli to facilitate energy production for cellular needs. This is possible because mitochondria express some receptors on their membranes that are responsible for their autonomous responses. This is not surprising given the widely accepted hypothesis that these intracellular organelles originated from prokaryotic ancestors that fused with eukaryotic cells during early evolution. It has been reported that mitochondria express functional estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, melatonin, and cannabinoid receptors. What is intriguing is recent evidence showing that mitochondria could also be directly regulated by active mediators of intracellular complement (complosome) and intrinsic mediators of purinergic signaling. Accordingly, they express receptors for intracellular complement cleavage fragments (C5a and C3a) as well as for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which, besides its crucial role in transferring energy in the cells, is also an important signaling molecule interacting with P2X7 receptor expressed not only on the cell surface but also on the mitochondria membrane. Based on this, intrinsic complosome and purinergic signaling mediators emerge as important cooperating regulators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) release from mitochondria and activators of intracellular pattern recognition receptor Nlrp3 inflammasome. This activation within the beneficial “hormetic zone response” regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, migration, and adaptation to the surrounding challenges of the microenvironment in a favorable way.

Graphical Abstract
Organizational compassion: a conceptual extension and scale development
Authors: Akgün Ali E. , Keskin Halit , Etlioğlu Başaran Hatice T.
Published: January 2025

While the concept of compassion has been extensively explored at the individual level, this study takes a new approach by examining the compassion of organizations and, more specifically, the compassion capacity of organizations from an organizational culture perspective. This study develops a unique organizational compassion capacity scale through four field studies using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods research design. The findings unveil that organizational compassion capacity is a multi-dimensional construct with five dimensions: noticing, feeling, responding, collective action, and resource usage-related culture. This study further discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.
Effectiveness of online education on thermography-based diabetic foot ulcer prevention for wound care specialists: a single-group quasi-experimental study
Authors: Aminuddin Muhammad , Sukarni  , Haryanto  , Jais Suriadi , Yamada Amika , Mukai Kanae , Oe Makoto
Published: January 2025

Background

While there is an urgent need worldwide to establish methods that prevent diabetic foot ulcers, the effectiveness of a prevention protocol using thermography has been reported. As the number of diabetic patients in Indonesia is increasing, an online program for wound care specialists was developed to disseminate this protocol. The present study evaluated the impact of an online program on wound care specialists' knowledge of diabetic foot ulcer prevention using thermography.

Methods

This single-group quasi-experimental study was conducted in cooperation with the Indonesian Wound Enterostomal Continence Nurses Association with regard to curriculum and content design, and the evaluation methods of online education for thermography-based diabetic foot ulcer prevention using the learning management system. A questionnaire with 50 multiple-choice questions previously validated for content and readability on the knowledge of diabetic foot ulcer prevention using thermography was used for training evaluations.

Results

Of 106 Indonesian wound care specialists evaluated, the paired t-test revealed a significant difference between the before and after training questionnaire scores on knowledge (52.0 ± 10.3, 85.2 ± 10.6, respectively, p < 0.001). Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed interactions between time (before and after training) and gender, and between time and type of certificate (p = 0.046, p = 0.014, respectively).

Conclusions

An asynchronous e-learning program is an effective method to increase wound care specialists' knowledge of diabetic foot ulcer prevention. These findings suggest that online educational interventions are effective and can be tailored to meet the needs of healthcare professionals, thereby ultimately contributing to better patient care outcomes in preventing DFUs.
Atomically Dispersed Metal Atoms: Minimizing Interfacial Charge Transport Barrier for Efficient Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shi Yanying , Cheng Xusheng , Wang Yudi , Li Wenrui , Shang Wenzhe , Liu Wei , Lu Wei , Cheng Jiashuo , Liu Lida , Shi Yantao
Published: January 2025

Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) exhibit notable stability and durability. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is significantly hindered by energy level mismatches, which result in interfacial charge transport barriers at the electrode-related interfaces. Herein, we report a back electrode that utilizes atomically dispersed metallic cobalt (Co) in carbon nanosheets (Co1/CN) to adjust the interfacial energy levels. The electrons in the d-orbitals of Co atoms disrupt the electronic symmetry of the carbon nanosheets (CN), inducing a redistribution of the electronic density of states that leads to a downward shift in the Fermi level and a significantly reduced interfacial energy barrier. As a result, the C-PSCs using Co1/CN as back electrodes achieve a notable PCE of 22.61% with exceptional long-term stability, maintaining 94.4% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous illumination without encapsulation. This work provides a promising universal method to regulate the energy level of carbon electrodes for C-PSCs and paves the way for more efficient, stable, and scalable solar technologies toward commercialization.
BNE, aber wie?! Explorative Einblicke in die Motivationen und Erwartungshaltungen von erwachsenen Lernenden
Authors: Otremba Katrin Mareike
Published: January 2025

Mittels Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung soll die Transformation zu einer nachhaltigen Gesellschaft gelingen. Dazu sollen alle Lernenden bis 2030 die für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung notwendigen Kompetenzen erwerben. Im bildungspolitischen und -wissenschaftlichen Diskurs werden Erwachsene jedoch selten als eigenständige Zielgruppe von BNE-Angeboten adressiert oder im Rahmen von Forschungsprojekten genauer in den Blick genommen. Anhand quantitativer Daten nähert sich der Beitrag erwachsenen Lernenden im Kontext von BNE an und arbeitet ihre Interessenlagen und Erwartungshaltungen an BNE-Angebote heraus. Letztere sind für eine zielgruppenorientierte Angebotsausgestaltung zentral. Clusteranalysen verdeutlichen, dass die Interessen und Erwartungshaltungen innerhalb der Zielgruppe differieren.
Functional Analysis
Authors: Vaidyanathan Prahlad
Published: January 2025

Since its inception in the early 20th century, Functional Analysis has become a core part of modern mathematics. This accessible and lucid textbook will guide students through the basics of Functional Analysis and the theory of Operator Algebras. The text begins with a review of Linear Algebra and Measure Theory. It progresses to concepts like Banach spaces, Hilbert spaces, Dual spaces and Weak Topologies. Subsequent chapters introduce the theory of operator algebras as a guide to study linear operators on a Hilbert space and cover topics such as Spectral Theory and C*-algebras. Theorems have been introduced and explained through proofs and examples, and historical background to the mathematical concepts have been provided wherever appropriate. At the end of chapters, practice exercises have been segregated in a topic-wise manner for targeted practice, making the book ideal both for classroom teaching as well as self-study.
The spread of an epidemic: a game-theoretic approach
Authors: Karmakar Sayar , Podder Moumanti , Roy Souvik , Sadhukhan Soumyarup
Published: January 2025

We introduce and study a game-theoretic model to understand the spread of an epidemic in a homogeneous population. A discrete-time stochastic process is considered where, in each epoch, first, a randomly chosen agent updates their action trying to maximize a proposed utility function, and then agents who have viral exposures beyond their immunity get infected. Our main results discuss asymptotic limiting distributions of both the cardinality of the subset of infected agents and the action profile, considered under various values of two parameters (initial action and immunity profile). We also show that the theoretical distributions are almost always achieved in the first few epochs.
Ethical Oversight and Social Licensing of Portable MRI Research
Authors: Evans Barbara J.
Published: January 2025

This article explores two questions: (1) whether portable MRI research might escape regulatory oversight altogether under existing U.S. privacy and research ethical frameworks, leaving research participants without adequate protections, and (2) whether existing regulatory frameworks, when they do apply, can guard society’s broader interest in ensuring that portable MRI research pursues socially beneficial, ethically sound aims that minimize the potential for externalities affecting nonparticipating individuals and groups, who might be stigmatized or otherwise harmed even if they decline participation in the research.
Socioeconomic Factors in Brain Research: Increasing Sample Representativeness with Portable MRI
Authors: Farah Martha J.
Published: January 2025

People of low socioeconomic status (SES) are often underrepresented in biomedical research. The importance of demographically diverse research samples is widely recognized, especially given socioeconomic disparities in health, but have been challenging to achieve. One barrier to research participation by low SES individuals is their distance from research centers and the difficulty of traveling. This article examines the promise of portable magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) for enrolling participants of diverse SES in structural neuroimaging studies, and anticipates some of the challenges, practical and ethical, that may arise in the course of such research.
Higher-order motivational constructs as personal-level fictions: A solution in search of a problem
Authors: Jurjako Marko
Published: January 2025

I argue that Murayama and Jach's claim that higher-order motivational constructs face the “black-box” problem is misconceived because it doesn't clearly distinguish between personal and subpersonal explanations. To solve it they propose interpreting motivations as causal effects of mental computational processes. I suggest that their solution might be more compellingly presented as providing a fictionalist perspective on some personal-level constructs.
Exploring novelty to unpack the black-box of motivation
Authors: Bunzeck Nico , Haesler Sebastian
Published: January 2025

Murayama and Jach point out that we do not sufficiently understand the constructs and mental computations underlying higher-order motivated behaviors. Although this may be generally true, we would like to add and contribute to the discussion by outlining how interdisciplinary research on novelty-evoked exploration has advanced the study of learning and curiosity.
Human motivation is organized hierarchically, from proximal (means) to ultimate (ends)
Authors: Dubourg Edgar , Chambon Valérian , Baumard Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Murayama and Jach raise a key problem in behavioral sciences, to which we suggest evolutionary science can provide a solution. We emphasize the role of adaptive mechanisms in shaping behavior and argue for the integration of hierarchical theories of goal-directed cognition and behavioral flexibility, in order to unravel the motivations behind actions that, in themselves, seem disconnected from adaptive goals.
The use of public health legislation during the 1918–1920 Influenza pandemic in Norway
Authors: Nyborg Vibeke Narverud
Published: January 2025

Few studies have investigated historical pandemics from a public health perspective. This paper offers new perspectives on how legislation was implemented in Norway during the 1918–1920 Influenza pandemic. We argue that despite good intentions, individual interpretations, different knowledge and level of decision-making played an important role in the use of the legislation during this Influenza pandemic. Following the 1918–1920 Influenza pandemic there were significant advancements in public health and the establishment of public health laws in Norway. Given its severity, it was expected an active involvement of health authorities at all levels in decision-making to fight the outbreak through the enforcement of health laws and regulations. This paper explores the implementation of health legislation during this pandemic, offering valuable insights from public health and legislative perspectives. Historical sources reveal a wide array of societal challenges and various levels of medical expertise among health boards across the country. The effectiveness of existing legislation depended heavily on doctors’ knowledge and the abilities of health boards. The article shows that coordinated and well established non-pharmaceutical interventions may be necessary to effectively shield the healthy from the sick during a pandemic produced by a novel pathogen.
Searching for homophony avoidance in English coronal stop deletion
Authors: Dinkin Aaron J. , Tamminga Meredith
Published: January 2025

It is well-known that English variable word-final coronal stop deletion (CSD) is less likely to occur when the final coronal stop instantiates the inflectional suffix -ed. It is sometimes hypothesised that the reason for this effect is to avoid the homophony between past and present tenses that would result from the suffix -ed being deleted. This reasoning suggests another hypothesis: that CSD should also be disfavoured when it would create homophony between two distinct lexical items, such as bald and ball. In this squib, we test that hypothesis on data from a corpus of Philadelphia English. We find no evidence that probability of CSD is affected by homophony avoidance between lexical items. This weakens the case that homophony avoidance is at play in disfavouring CSD in the -ed case, and may have implications for the theory of homophony avoidance in phonology in general.
Associations of polygenic scores and developmental trajectories of externalizing behaviors
Authors: Sasia A. Brooke , Jonas Katherine G. , Waszczuk Monika A. , Li James J.
Published: January 2025

Polygenic scores (PGSs) have garnered increasing attention in the clinical sciences due to their robust prediction signals for psychopathology, including externalizing (EXT) behaviors. However, studies leveraging PGSs have rarely accounted for the phenotypic and developmental heterogeneity in EXT outcomes. We used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (analytic N = 4,416), spanning ages 13 to 41, to examine associations between EXT PGSs and trajectories of antisocial behaviors (ASB) and substance use behaviors (SUB) identified via growth mixture modeling. Four trajectories of ASB were identified: High Decline (3.6% of the sample), Moderate (18.9%), Adolescence-Peaked (10.6%), and Low (67%), while three were identified for SUB: High Use (35.2%), Typical Use (41.7%), and Low Use (23%). EXT PGSs were consistently associated with persistent trajectories of ASB and SUB (High Decline and High Use, respectively), relative to comparison groups. EXT PGSs were also associated with the Low Use trajectory of SUB, relative to the comparison group. Results suggest PGSs may be sensitive to developmental typologies of EXT, where PGSs are more strongly predictive of chronicity in addition to (or possibly rather than) absolute severity.
Reconceiving Victorian Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Case Study of Ellen Wood's East Lynne and Lord Oakburn's Daughters
Authors: Leighton Mary Elizabeth , Surridge Lisa
Published: January 2025

Focusing on East Lynne (1860–61) and Lord Oakburn's Daughters (1864) and referring to Victorian advice manuals for pregnant women, this article argues that Ellen Wood centered pregnancy and childbirth as critical experiences of women's lives. In East Lynne, Isabel gives birth to her first child in a difficult labor that nearly kills her; her future adultery originates in the lying-in room; and the final section heightens Isabel's torture as she witnesses Barbara's second pregnancy. Lord Oakburn's Daughters reuses elements of East Lynne while intensifying its focus on pregnancy, postpartum vulnerability, and lying in. The novel opens with an explicit childbirth scene; its murder plot is set in the lying-in room; and its central metonym, a locket, stands for women's bonds established during childbirth. While pregnancy and childbirth are thought to have remained largely unrepresented in Victorian fiction, both novels use contemporary vocabulary and codes to represent these experiences. Moreover, Wood created her particular brand of gestational sensation by featuring women in white as figures of maternal loss, longing, and postpartum trauma. Studying these novels thus not only provides evidence of how Wood represented pregnancy, childbirth, and maternal feeling but also models a narratological method for analyzing such representations in mid-Victorian fiction generally.
Evaluation of spring herbicide programs during a three-year sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) cropping cycle
Authors: Wright Alice A. , Spaunhorst Douglas J. , Petrie Eric
Published: January 2025

A limited number of herbicides and sites of action are registered for use in sugarcane in Louisiana. Repeated use of the same sites of action can lead to the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate additional sites of action to provide growers with options for rotating herbicides to reduce the risk of resistance. Topramezone, indaziflam, and a formulation including mesotrione, bicyclopyrone, atrazine, and S-metolachlor, along with more common herbicide applications (pendimethalin, and metribuzin, clomazone, and diuron), were evaluated in the spring for injury to sugarcane, weed control, sugarcane yield, and sugar yield. Of these treatments, clomazone applied with diuron was the only herbicide combination to consistently injure the crop, with injury estimates ranging from 11 to 36%, which frequently resulted in reduced sugar yield with losses between 2.3% to 24.1% of the non-treated control. In most treatments, an increase in itchgrass counts was observed between harvests, indicating that additional control strategies will be needed in fields infested with this weed. However, topramezone alone and with triclopyr was well tolerated by sugarcane, with injuries ranging from 0 to 11% two weeks after treatment. Indaziflam and combined application of mesotrione, bicyclopyrone, atrazine, and S-metolachlor injury was at or under 10% two weeks after treatment. The tolerance of sugarcane for these herbicides suggests that they can be incorporated into weed management strategies in sugarcane. These herbicides would increase the sites of action available to be applied in sugarcane and help mitigate the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds.
Women's Snap Judgments for Incompatible Facial and Vocal Cues
Authors: Harma Mehmet , Kuru Elif Deniz
Published: January 2025

Abstract: There has been a paucity of studies exploring the combined impact of facial and vocal cues on attractiveness and trustworthiness evaluations. We examined the concurrent evaluation of attractiveness and trustworthiness when facial and vocal cues were incompatible, such as attractive faces with unattractive voices. We collected data from women participants aged between 20 and 33 years ( N = 127, M = 22.19, SD = 2.34). Results revealed that participants evaluated attractive faces with unattractive voices as more attractive, compared to unattractive faces with attractive voice combinations. Moreover, trustworthiness evaluations showed different patterns; participants rated untrustworthy faces with trustworthy voices higher on trustworthiness than trustworthy faces with untrustworthy voice combinations. These findings support the notion that different cues (facial and vocal) play divergent roles in snap judgments.
Algorithm Theoretical Basis for Version 3 TEMPO O2‐O2 Cloud Product
Authors: Wang Huiqun , Nowlan Caroline R. , González Abad Gonzalo , Chong Heesung , Hou Weizhen , Houck John C. , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly , Yang Eun‐Su , Vasilkov Alexander , Joiner Joanna , Qin Wenhan , Fasnacht Zachary , Knowland K. Emma , Chan Miller Chris , Spurr Robert J. D. , Flittner David E. , Carr James L. , Suleiman Raid M. , Davis John E. , Fitzmaurice Jean A.
Published: January 2025

This Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) describes the retrieval algorithm and sensitivities of the Version 3 cloud product derived from the spectra collected by the Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of POllution (TEMPO) instrument. The cloud product is primarily produced for supporting the retrievals of TEMPO trace gases that are important for understanding atmospheric chemistry and monitoring air pollution. The TEMPO cloud algorithm is adapted from NASA's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) oxygen collision complex (O2‐O2) cloud algorithm. The retrieval generates effective cloud fraction (ECF) from the normalized radiance at 466 nm and generates cloud optical centroid pressure (OCP) using the O2‐O2 column amount derived from the spectral absorption feature near 477 nm. The slant column of O2‐O2 is retrieved using Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory's spectral fitting code with optimized retrieval parameters. ECF and OCP are used by TEMPO trace gas retrievals to calculate Air Mass Factors which convert slant columns to vertical columns. The sensitivities of the cloud retrieval to various input parameters are investigated.
Wildfires Raise Concern About Remobilized Radioactive Contamination
Authors: Wilke Carolyn
Published: January 2025

Researchers collected soil and ash after the 2020 wildfires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Chemical tests suggested that the fires made it easier for contaminants to wash into nearby rivers.
Rhesus Cytomegalovirus-encoded Fcγ-binding glycoproteins facilitate viral evasion from IgG-mediated humoral immunity
Authors: Otero Claire E. , Petkova Sophia , Ebermann Martin , Taher Husam , John Nessy , Hoffmann Katja , Davalos Angel , Moström Matilda J. , Gilbride Roxanne M. , Papen Courtney R. , Barber-Axthelm Aaron , Scheef Elizabeth A. , Barfield Richard , Sprehe Lesli M. , Kendall Savannah , Manuel Tabitha D. , Beechwood Teresa , Nguyen Linh Khanh , Vande Burgt Nathan H. , Chan Cliburn , Denton Michael , Streblow Zachary J. , Streblow Daniel N. , Tarantal Alice F. , Hansen Scott G. , Kaur Amitinder , Permar Sallie , Früh Klaus , Hengel Hartmut , Malouli Daniel , Kolb Philipp
Published: January 2025

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes four viral Fc-gamma receptors (vFcγRs) that counteract antibody-mediated activation in vitro, but their role in infection and pathogenesis is unknown. To examine their in vivo function in an animal model evolutionarily closely related to humans, we identified and characterized Rh05, Rh152/151 and Rh173 as the complete set of vFcγRs encoded by rhesus CMV (RhCMV). Each one of these proteins displays functional similarities to their prospective HCMV orthologs with respect to antagonizing host FcγR activation in vitro. When RhCMV-naïve male rhesus macaques were infected with vFcγR-deleted RhCMV, peak plasma DNAemia levels and anti-RhCMV antibody responses were comparable to wildtype infections of both male and female animals. However, the duration of plasma DNAemia was significantly shortened in immunocompetent, but not in CD4 + T cell-depleted animals. Since vFcγRs were not required for superinfection of rhesus macaques, we conclude that these proteins can prolong lytic replication during primary infection by evading virus-specific adaptive immune responses, particularly antibodies.
Temperature and repeated catecholamine surges modulate regional wall motion abnormalities in a rodent takotsubo syndrome model
Authors: Zulfaj Ermir , Nejat AmirAli , Haamid Abdulhussain , Espinosa Aaron , Elmahdy Ahmed , Pylova Tetiana , Jha Sandeep , Redfors Björn , Omerovic Elmir
Published: January 2025

Transient regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) after stress are a hallmark of experimental and clinical Takotsubo Syndrome (TS). The mechanisms driving RWMA remain incompletely understood. This study investigates these mechanisms in a small-animal model of TS, validating the model’s complication profile, recovery dynamics, and recurrence, while assessing the predictive value of echocardiography. Male, 7-9-week-old rats underwent TS induction via isoprenaline infusion. The effects of body temperature and repeated catecholaminergic surges on RWMA were assessed using high-resolution speckle-tracking echocardiography. Complications were evaluated through ECG, autopsy, and blood gas analysis. The TS phenotype showed reduced longitudinal strain with RWMA characterized by apical end-systolic akinesia/dyskinesia, a contracting base, and a narrow transition zone, resulting in apical ballooning. RWMA originated from the apex and recovered in the opposite direction. Hyperthermia increased RWMA incidence, while hypothermia attenuated RWMA (p = 0.008). A repeated catecholamine surge exacerbated RWMA in the acute phase (p = 0.042) but not during recovery (p = 0.308), with reduced RWMA susceptibility after recovery (RR 0.45, 95%CI; 0.27–0.76). Systolic function at initial echocardiography predicted worse outcomes (odds ratio 0.73; 95%CI 0.57–0.85), and RWMA extent correlated with recovery time (Rho = 0.772). TS rats developed complications similar to patients, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and thrombus formation. This study validates the small-animal TS model by replicating patient findings, and emphasizing the importance of controlling body temperature and limiting adrenergic drug use in managing TS. RWMA analysis offers promise as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in TS, and the delayed adaptive response presents a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention.
Forest fires under the lens: needleleaf index - a novel tool for satellite image analysis
Authors: Amiri Afshin , Soltani Keyvan , Gumiere Silvio Jose , Bonakdari Hossein
Published: January 2025

High-resolution coniferous forest area datasets are needed to understand spatiotemporal variations in forest capacity1–3; however, separating coniferous forests from other vegetation covers remains challenging because of their similar spectral signatures4,5. Here, we propose a new spectral index called the needleleaf index to extract coniferous forest areas in North American boreal forests based on Landsat imagery at a 30-m resolution by utilizing over 24,000 Landsat images. Our analysis revealed that 25% of the total area of coniferous forests burned over the past two decades was destroyed in the 2023 wildfires. Remotely sensed observations showed that the coniferous forest area in the 2018–2023 period increased by 5.62% compared with the 1984–1991 period and decreased by 4.85% since its peak in 1992–2001. While the needleleaf index holds potential for application in coniferous forests of the taiga biome across different continents, further validation is essential to assess its reliability.
Prediction of activity coefficients by similarity-based imputation using quantum-chemical descriptors
Authors: Hayer Nicolas , Specht Thomas , Arweiler Justus , Gond Dominik , Hasse Hans , Jirasek Fabian
Published: January 2025

We introduce a novel similarity-based method using quantum-chemical descriptors to accurately predict activity coefficients in binary mixtures.
Stabilizing protein pharmaceuticals by imidazolium-type zwitterions
Authors: Tajiri Ai , Ishizaki Takeru , Takekiyo Takahiro , Ninomiya Kazuaki , Takahashi Kenji , Kuroda Kosuke
Published: January 2025

An imidazolium-carboxylate-type zwitterion, OE2imC3C, thermally stabilizes protein pharmaceuticals.
Insights into triazole-based energetic material design from decomposition pathways of triazole derivatives
Authors: Venugopal Sarika , Saha Shani , Kumbhakarna Neeraj , Vargeese Anuj A.
Published: January 2025

Substituting amino, nitramino, and carboxymethyl groups on nitrogen-rich azoles like 1,2,4-triazole impacts the thermal stability and decomposition. These findings offer an understanding for the design of novel triazole-based high-energy materials.
A polyoxotungstate/W18O49 nanocomposite with a bird-nest-like network supports high-performance electrochromic supercapacitors
Authors: Fu Bo , Qu Xiaoshu , Song Yingying , Li Fengru , Shi Huiwen , Lv Yanxin , Wang Jilong , Jin Hua , Yu Xiaoyang , Yang Yanyan
Published: January 2025

The W18O49/[PEI/P2W18]20 film with a unique bird-nest-like network structure exhibits excellent electrochromic energy storage capacity. The ECSC based on this film has a high area capacitance and retention rate, and the storage state is visualized.
Overcoming the ring tension: computational approaches to stereochemical assignments and geometrical insights in small heterocycles
Authors: Luciano Ezequiel R. , Amichetti Milagros , Sarotti Ariel M. , Zanardi Maria M.
Published: January 2025

In this study, we evaluate the performance of the DP4+ and MM-DP4+ methods on molecules featuring small heterocyclic rings.
Precision design for high-performance TADF emitters with novel interlock D–A frameworks
Authors: Khan Aziz , Kong Fan-Cheng , Kazmi Jamal , Kumar Sarvendra , Leydecker Tim , Wang Zhiming
Published: January 2025

Achieving high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) remains a significant challenge, driven by the complex interdependence of charge transport, exciton dynamics, and light-emission processes.
Analysis of transient overvoltages in EV charging stations due to direct lightning strikes
Authors: Moradi Ahmad , Akbari Foroud Asghar
Published: January 2025

The proliferation in electric vehicle (EV) adoption has necessitated the rapid development of EV charging stations (EVCSs). Given their susceptibility to lightning strikes, it is crucial to guarantee the dependability and security of these stations. This research investigates the impact of lightning on EVCSs, focusing on the critical role of grounding systems. By simulating various lightning strike scenarios, the study examines the influence of factors such as grounding configuration, cable shielding, and lightning current characteristics on the induced overvoltages within EVCS components. The findings contribute to the development of robust lightning protection strategies for EVCSs, enhancing their resilience and ensuring the safe operation of EVs.
Collisional study of Hilda and quasi-Hilda asteroids
Authors: Zain P. S. , Di Sisto R. P. , Gil-Hutton R.
Published: January 2025

Context. The Hilda asteroids are located in the outer main belt (MB) in a stable 3:2 mean-motion resonance (MMR) with Jupiter, while the quasi-Hildas have similar orbits but are not directly under the effect of the MMR. Moreover, cometary activity has been detected in quasi-Hildas.

Aims. In this study, we aim to investigate the collisional evolution of Hilda asteroids and apply it to an investigation into the cratering on asteroid (334) Chicago; we also intend to determine whether impacts between Hildas and quasi-Hildas can serve as a viable mechanism for inducing cometary activity.

Methods. Using the Asteroid Collisions and Dynamic Computation (ACDC) code, we simulated the collisional evolution of Hilda asteroids over a period of 4 Gyr. We considered three initial size-frequency distributions (SFDs) and two scaling laws for the collisional outcomes and performed a large set of simulations for each scenario, which we used to construct median SFDs of the Hilda population. We also derived an impactor SFD on asteroid (334) Chicago and used it to calculate the crater SFD on (334) Chicago. Additionally, we evaluated the sub-catastrophic impact timescale between Hilda and quasi-Hilda objects.

Results. The observed SFD of Hilda asteroids larger than 3 km is best matched by scenarios assuming that such an SFD is mostly primordial, implying minimal collisional activity over time. For smaller sizes, although unconstrained, the SFD steepens significantly due to the catastrophic fragmentation of a small number of multi-kilometre-sized bodies. We determined that the largest impactor on (334) Chicago measures a few kilometres in size, resulting in a maximum crater size of approximately 30 km. Furthermore, the slope of the crater SFD mirrors that of the initial SFD for sub-kilometric bodies. While impact events between Hildas and quasi-Hildas can induce observable activity, and although it is stochastic in nature, the timescale of such events exceeds the dynamical lifetime of quasi-Hildas, making them an unlikely primary mechanism for inducing observable activity.
The cold neutral medium in filaments at high Galactic latitudes
Authors: Kalberla P. M. W.
Published: January 2025

Context. The H I distribution at high Galactic latitudes has been found to be filamentary and closely related to the far infrared (FIR) in caustics with coherent velocity structures. These structures trace the orientation of magnetic field lines.

Aims. Recent absorption observations with the Australian SKA Pathfinder Telescope have led to major improvements in the understanding of the physical properties of the cold neutral medium (CNM) at high Galactic latitudes. We use these results to explore how far the physical state of the CNM may be related with caustics in H I and FIR.

Methods. We traced filamentary FIR and H I structures and probed the absorption data for coincidences in position and velocity.

Results. Of the absorption positions, 57% are associated with known FIR/H I caustics, filamentary dusty structures with a coherent velocity field. The remaining part of the absorption sample is coincident in position and velocity with genuine H I filaments that are closely related to the FIR counterparts. Thus, within the current sensitivity limitations, all the positions with H I absorption lines are associated with filamentary structures in FIR and/or H I. We summarize the physical parameters for the CNM along filaments in the framework of filament velocities vfil that have been determined from a Hessian analysis of FIR and H I emission data. Velocity deviations between absorption components and filament velocities are due to local turbulence, and we determine for the observed CNM an average turbulent velocity dispersion of 2.48 < δvturb < 3.9 km s−1. The CNM has a mean turbulent Mach number of Mt = 3.4 ± 1.6 km s−1.

Conclusions. Most, if not all, of the CNM in the diffuse interstellar medium at high Galactic latitudes is located in filaments, identified as caustics with the Hessian operator.
Effect of UV-degraded microplastics on Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) removal
Authors: Pit Sovannary , Sangpreedeekorn Jirawat , Phengsaart Theerayut , Janjaroen Dao
Published: January 2025

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that cause significant effects on the aquatic ecosystem and human health, including challenging water treatment systems due to their small particle size and high environmental persistence. This study aims to investigate the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on two types of MPs, polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS), by using the dissolved air flotation (DAF) process. In this work, MPs in the size ranges (300-500 μm) were subjected to controlled UVC exposure to simulate environmental weathering. After 30 days of irradiation, the results show that the removal efficiency of aged PP increased to 40.67%, while the unaged PP was only 35.12%. Similarly, pristine PS had a removal efficiency of 14.66%, which substantially improved to 31.33% after UVC degradation. The increase in UV-aged MPs can be attributed to surface modifications, such as increased surface roughness and the formation of more oxygen-containing functional groups, which modified their interactions with air bubbles in the DAF process and hence affected their removal efficiency. These findings indicate that UV exposure significantly enhances the DAF process in removing MPs, providing a promising approach for improving MP mitigation in water treatment systems.
A Study of Problem and Awareness of Mangrove Areas in Mu Ko Chumphon National Park, Thailand
Authors: Promthep Jidapa , Phumkokrux Nutthakarn , Pattanasak Patiya , Yodying Aphittha
Published: January 2025

This study has 2 objectives: 1) to study environmental problems in all dimensions that occur in the area of Mu Ko Chumphon National Park and 2) to study the participation in protection measures, awareness, and conservation of mangrove forest resources of the people in the area of Mu Ko Chumphon National Park using field survey methods and interviews with 10 government officials and 30 people in the area. The results of the study found that the problem occurring in the mangrove forest area is encroachment on the mangrove forest area. There are in terms of making shrimp ponds, illegal logging, and including the issue of garbage floating along the mangrove trees. The conservation method is the cooperation of all parties. There are activities to plant mangrove forests every year and collect garbage to reduce any threat to the ecosystem. As a result, at present the mangrove forest area in Chumphon Islands National Park is continuously increasing.
Methodological proposal for an optimal management of Social-Ecological Systems in relation to large-scale mining in Peru
Authors: Dueñas Militza , Ferrer Jorge
Published: January 2025

Significant participation of mining activities in the economic indicators of countries and extraction of raw materials to produce goods is relevant to evaluate management of the social-ecological systems in which they operate. This article proposes a methodology that integrates design principles (resource use rules), resilience principles (adaptive strategies that respond to disturbances) and principles linked to good practices promoted in the sector. Under this proposal, it is considered that design principles and resilience principles guide management of organizations and constitute pillars that strengthen organizational capabilities, the latter being the essence for optimal management of SES. Peru is characterized by its leading position in world ranking in mining production and reserves. Through the proposed methodology, this article studies mining companies considering value of mining production, mineral diversification and participation of companies in the mineral production, resulting that the optimal management of SES, in relation to large-scale mining, is “in development”, with partial compliance.
Energy analysis of PV surfaces in BIPV applications
Authors: Molina-Tamayo Santiago , Yesid Moreno Andrés , Mendoza Felipe , Mesa Gabriel Espitia , Osorio- Gómez Gilberto
Published: January 2025

This paper studies the power generation performance of flexible solar panels at different radii of curvature for both concave and convex configurations. Its performance is evaluated horizontally and vertically to provide architects and designers with a reference of how power generation is impacted depending on the geometries selected for the design of facades or roofs. The study consisted of two phases, the first comprised a simulation to estimate the amount of energy a surface receives according to its geometry, orientation, location, and simulated period. The second phase corresponds to an experimental validation, in which five geometries were tested: two concave, two convex, and one flat as a baseline. The results indicate that, for horizontal configurations, curvature radii from 2.51 times the minimum radius allow adequate power generation to be maintained. In the concave configuration, 77.8% of the power generated by a flat PV module is achieved, while in the convex configuration, 80.21% is achieved. For vertical configurations, the convex geometry with minimum radius shows the best performance, exceeding the power of a flat module by 12.1%. The convex configuration with a radius of curvature of 2.51 times the minimum radius offers 81.14% of the flat reference power.
A Hybrid FEM-CNN for Image-Based Severity Prediction of Corroded Offshore Pipelines
Authors: Mohammad Fadzil Najwa , Muda Mohd Fakri , Abdul Shahid Muhammad Daniel , Aziz Norheliena , Mohd Mohd Hairil , Mohd Amin Norliyati , Mohd Hashim Mohd Hisbany
Published: January 2025

The combination of the Finite Element Method (FEM) with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) presents a key breakthrough in the assessment of the structural integrity of offshore pipelines. The advantage of the standard FEM is in stress visualization, but it is time-consuming due to high computational analysis. This research aims to quickly and accurately determine the severity of pipeline corrosion categorized as high, intermediate, or low through stress images generated from FEM. A transfer-learning algorithm was applied to refine and validate the model using a diverse image dataset of uniformly corroded pipelines (200x200 mm, 100x100 mm, 75x75 mm, 50x50 mm, and 10x10 mm), annotated with corresponding severity levels. Moreover, the model was validated for prediction with irregular-sized corroded pipelines (50x100 mm and 10x100 mm). Both samples are modeled for degrees of corrosion, 30%, 50%, and 70% of the corrosion depth, with API 5L X42 specifications. An exceptional predictive accuracy was observed, attaining average confidence levels between 97% and 100%. This work substantially augments the effectiveness of structural analyses that provide a better safety feature for critical infrastructural assets within the oil and gas industry and has great advantages to engineers, researchers, and academicians working on pipeline integrity management.
The value of hands-on experiments in an upper-division classical mechanics course
Authors: Tarr Steven W. , Brunner Joseph S. , Alicea-Muñoz Emily , Goldman Daniel I.
Published: January 2025

We share our experience incorporating open-ended experimentation into an upper-division classical mechanics course through project-based learning, including one student’s investigation of a common textbook problem and its unexpected connections to astrophysics. By iterating a computational model and an experimental apparatus, the student participated in inquiry in a way that would not have been possible in a typical classical mechanics course. We advocate the adoption of similar hands-on approaches in the classroom to help upper-division students develop both an understanding of the value of experimentation and an appreciation of the diversity and subtlety of physical phenomena that can emerge in apparently simple systems.
Recovery of Strategic High-Value Fission Products from Spent Nuclear Fuel During Reprocessing
Authors: Holdsworth Alistair F. , Eccles Harry , George Kathryn , Sharrad Clint A.
Published: January 2025

Nuclear fission has been identified as a key technology for the Net Zero transition, but high costs and concerns of radioactive wastes hinder wider uptake, and fuel cycle inefficiencies hamper the technology’s long-term sustainability. Closing the fuel cycle through spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing is the primary method of improving sustainability, but high costs and proliferation concerns limit uptake. Current reprocessing technologies recover only the bulk U and Pu in SNF for further energy generation as MOX (mixed oxide) fuel, leaving behind a wide range of untapped, naturally scarce, high-demand, and -value fission product resources. By recovering these resources, such as the platinum group metals (PGMs – Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag), rare earth elements (REEs – Y, La to Dy), and noble gases (He, Kr, Xe), and various other useful isotopes, from SNF during reprocessing operations, the high costs incurred have the potential to be partially or completely offset, in addition to benefits from reducing waste volumes. This paper provides an overview of this concept with exploration of the most promising candidate targets and feeds within reprocessing, and the necessary actions that will be required to see this concept come to fruition in the coming decades.
Uranium(VI)/Plutonium(IV) Separation from Spent MOX Fuels Using a Single Monoamide Extractant: The PUMAS Process
Authors: Michaud Solenne , Duterme Amandine , Costenoble Sylvain , Lengrand Fabien , Vanel Vincent , Moeyaert Pauline , Sarrat Pierre , Sorel Christian , Miguirditchian Manuel
Published: January 2025

In the context of the development of generation IV reactors, solvent extraction process is under development for the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels. A monoamide extractant was found to be a suitable replacement for TBP. This extractant allows plutonium(IV) back-extraction by changing the acidity instead of the plutonium oxidation state. This paper sum up the methodology and the different hot tests performed in Atalante facility to demonstrate uranium(VI)/plutonium(IV) separation from used MOX fuels using this single monoamide extractant with the so-called PUMAS process.
Impact of MA Temporary Storage Process on the Reduction of Final Disposal Burden in the Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Authors: Okamura Tomohiro , Nasase Masahiko , Takeshita Kenji , Shimada Takashi , Konishi Yuki , Nishimura Keisuke , Ishida Hitomi , Yamamura Tomoo
Published: January 2025

Separating minor actinides (MA) from high-level radioactive waste (HLW) is an effective option for reducing the burden of final disposal. However, the recovered MA must be transmuted in fast reactors (FR) or similar technologies. The widespread deployment of FR is expected in the latter half of the 21st century. In this study, we evaluated the introduction of a temporary MA storage process to bridge the time gap between the early introduction of MA separation and the deployment of FR with adequate transmutation capacity. The results showed that the MA temporary storage process effectively mitigates the burden of final disposal and MA temporary storage allows the amount of recovered MA to be managed independently of the FR capacity.