bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space Use as an input to the Design Process
Authors: Coelho Carolina
Published: October 2015

By recognizing the reciprocity between space and use, buildings are conceived not only as stages but also as producers of human behavior, and their users are both spectators and creators of meaning by appropriating space. Hence, space use is the actual acknowledgment of the design process when encountering life. The most common ways of incorporating space use onto the design process are translated by general information, such as: standards, theoretical models and conventions. However, each project implies a deep recognition of its context, users and needs, properly suiting the space conceived by the architect to its future appropriation. Therefore, the study of space use is an operative tool for the design process, informing on quantitative and qualitative variables, invariables and specificities of a real life scenario. Despite having different study fields (whether of a more mathematical, phenomenological or sociological nature), disciplines in the scope of “Evidence-Based Design”, such as Post-Occupancy Evaluation, Space Syntax and Usability Studies, act as input to the design process - a feedforward technique that complements the architect’s options, embracing Schön’s (1983) “reflection in action” concept. Through these instruments, the project will result on a more thorough one, supported by user research outputs and the feedback of a broader stakeholders’ community. This will bring closer the space thought by the architect during the design process and the space lived in by the individual afterwards.
Contribuições da teoria ator-rede para a construção do conhecimento no ateliê de projeto de arquitetura
Authors: Carvalho Ramon Silva de
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho é parte da pesquisa realizada para uma tese de doutoramento que tem o mesmo título deste texto e busca explorar: 1) os entendimentos propostos pela Teoria Ator-rede a fim de estabelecer uma conexão com a formação do conhecimento durante o processo de ensino de projeto de arquitetura; 2) as possibilidades de entendimento do projeto de arquitetura como construção sociotécnica e que envolve uma rede ou coletivo que se articula e se configura em torno de um conjunto heterogêneo de atores humanos e não-humanos. Esta abordagem possibilita transformar o entendimento do projeto de arquitetura como um produto acabado, fechado em si mesmo. Ao explorar as possibilidades de entender o projeto como um processo instável e dinâmico, abre uma possibilidade de transformar e requalificar o processo de projeto de arquitetura, de seu ensino e, também, o próprio significado da atividade e da finalidade do projeto de arquitetura.
Reference model of Industrie 4.0 service architectures
Authors: Usländer Thomas , Epple Ulrich
Published: October 2015

This paper provides an overview about the conceptual work performed by the VDI/VDE GMA working group 7.21 towards the specification of
a reference model for Industrie 4.0 service architectures. It focuses on the conceptual design of service-oriented architecture (SOA)
relying upon the “I40 component” as a core basic concept across the whole value network. Furthermore, the paper discusses the
relevance of reference models of the Internet of Things and Services as a foundation.
Fiscal policy in an open economy
Authors: Friedman Amit , Hercowitz Zvi , Sidi Jonathan
Published: October 2015

This paper analyzes the quantitative macroeconomic implications of a fiscal policy regime based on exogenous tax rates paths and public debt/GDP target in an open economy. In this setup, government spending accommodates tax revenues and target deficits. In particular, we concentrate on pre-announced tax cuts, as well as on the adoption of a lower debt target – following policies conducted in Israel during the 2000s. We construct a model where domestic production requires imported inputs, and simulate the effects of these policies. The analysis focuses on the dynamics generated by the announcements of these policy steps, followed by their implementation. The model has the implication that a credible announcement of a future tax cut has an expansionary effect on impact, similar in nature to the effects of productivity shocks. Also, the model implies that the announcement of a lower public debt/GDP target has a contractionary effect, while it’s implementation leads to higher output in the long-run.
Severi degrees on toric surfaces
Authors: Liu Fu , Osserman Brian
Published: October 2015

Ardila and Block used tropical results of Brugallé and Mikhalkin to
count nodal curves on a certain family of toric surfaces. Building on a
linearity result of the first author, we revisit their
work in the context of the Göttsche–Yau–Zaslow formula for counting nodal
curves on arbitrary smooth surfaces, addressing several
questions they raised by proving stronger versions of their main theorems.
In the process, we give new combinatorial formulas for the coefficients
arising in the Göttsche–Yau–Zaslow formulas, and give correction terms
arising from rational double points in the relevant family of toric surfaces.
Zeros of pairs of quadratic forms
Authors: Heath-Brown D. R.
Published: October 2015

We prove the Hasse principle and weak approximation for
varieties defined over number fields by the nonsingular intersection
of pairs of quadratic forms in eight variables. The argument develops
work of Colliot-Thélène, Sansuc and Swinnerton-Dyer, and centres on
a purely local problem about forms which split off three hyperbolic planes.
Biosorbent immobilized nanotube reinforced hydrogel carriers for heavy metal removal processes
Authors: Tekay Emre , Şen Sinan , Aydınoğlu Demet , Nugay Nihan
Published: October 2015

A series of natural composite hydrogels containing a “3-in-1” type triple adsorbent system are designed. For this purpose, Spirulina (Sp) biosorbent is immobilized on/in halloysite nanotubes in different loadings and then physically crosslinked chitosan composite hydrogels are prepared. The water absorbency and Cr (VI) adsorption capacity in neutral pH medium and wet mechanical strength as well as their morphologies are all reported as a function of Sp immobilized nanotube loadings. The use of Sp biosorbent results in composite hydrogels with high water absorbency, wet strength and thermal stability. Spirulina enlarges the metal adsorption windows efficiently and the Freundlich isotherm model can fit the fundamental metal adsorption data well. It is believed that with optimized special composite hydrogel morphologies, all positively charged receptors of the Sp and the nanotubes behave as collector domains for chromate anions.
Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Canada: An Evidence from Time-Series Tests
Authors: Singh Tarlok
Published: October 2015

This study examines the effects of international trade and investment on output and tests the null hypothesis of Granger non-causality among trade, investment and economic growth in Canada. The long-run model is estimated using several single-equation and system estimators to assess the robustness of results across methodologies. The single-equation, OLSEG, GMM, DOLS, NLLS and FMOLS, estimates of the model provide consistent support for the positive and significant long-run effects of exports and investment on output. The ML system estimates cross-validate the cointegrating relationship and reinforce the positive effects of exports and investment and the negative effects of imports on output. The over-parameterized level-VAR estimates suggest unidirectional Granger-causality from exports, imports and investment each to output. The estimates of the model with structural breaks support the long-run relationship, though the evidence is not unambiguous ubiquitously across all the tests. The evidence supporting the positive and significant long-run effects overwhelms the evidence providing weak or no support for the effects of trade on output. The results underline the need for the acceleration of exports (and investment) to offset the demand-reducing effects of imports and escalate the altitudes of output and economic growth.
Microwave roasting of agglomerated flux for submerged-arc welding
Authors: Lin Guo , Zhang Libo , Yang Li , Hu Tu , Peng Jinhui
Published: October 2015

A microwave (MW) roasting experiment of agglomerated flux for submerged-arc welding was carried out. The MW heating characteristics of agglomerated flux and influence of roasting temperature on weld surface were investigated. It was found that the heating rate of agglomerated flux becomes faster with the increase of MW powder. It only takes 17 min to heat the sample of 600 g from room temperature to 720°C. A neat and smooth weld surface can be obtained for agglomerated flux roasted by MW heating at 680°C for 30 min. Compared with conventional roasting methods, MW roasting has the advantage of lower temperature and shorter time.
Optimization of drying ammonium tetramolybdate by microwave heating using response surface methodology
Authors: Zhang Libo , Guo Wenqian , Hu Tu , Li Jing , Peng Jinhui , Yin Shaohua , Lin Guo , Liu Yuhang
Published: October 2015

The process of microwave drying ammonium tetramolybdate is studied, and the process variables of drying time, drying temperature and material thickness are considered. Experiences of microwave drying ammonium tetramolybdate have been optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) technique and a CCD design. Effects of each factor and their interactions are researched, and a quadratic polynomial model for dehydration ratio is established. As can be seen from the ANOVA, the effects of the three process variables are found to be significant in the model, and the empirical model is fit and reliable to check the dehydration ratio of ammonium tetramolybdate. The optimum conditions for drying using microwave heating are found as follows: drying temperature 67°C, drying time 9.5 min and material thickness 15 mm. The optimum dehydration ratio is 79.82% and the last molybdenum content is not <56.3%, with the relatively error of 0.64%, which indicates the success of the process optimization experiments. This research has important significance to offer optimum conditions for industrial production.
Superior cellulose-protective effects of cosolvent during enhanced dissolution in imidazolium ionic liquid
Authors: Tao Juan , Kishimoto Takao , Suzuki Satoshi , Hamada Masahiro , Nakajima Noriyuki
Published: October 2015

To improve the solubility of cellulose at lower temperatures, several polar organic solvents were examined as cosolvents in imidazolium ionic liquid (IL). All tested cosolvents increased the solubilization efficiency of ILs at lower temperatures. Among these, N-methylimidazole, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were notably efficient; in case of Avicel the solubility was increased, with 12–15% cellulose dissolution in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl) at 30°C. IR spectra of the regenerated celluloses from IL/cosolvent systems showed characteristic features of cellulose II and/or amorphous cellulose. Thermogravimetric analyses showed significantly higher thermal stability of regenerated cellulose from [Amim]Cl/DMSO compared with that without DMSO. Moreover, dimethylacetamide (DMAc) increased the solubility of filter paper pulp in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim]OAc), with 12% pulp dissolution at 30°C. No decrease in the degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose was observed with [Emim]OAc/DMAc, whereas 8–9% DP decrease was observed with [Emim]OAc, even at 30°C. These results indicate that some cosolvents including DMSO and DMAc increase solubilization efficiency and have superior cellulose-protective effects during enhanced dissolution in ILs.
Laughter in times of uncertainty: Negotiating gender and social distance in Bahraini women’s humorous talk
Authors: Reichenbach Anke
Published: October 2015

This paper explores three interrelated aspects of young Bahraini women’s laughter: the subjects and genres of their humor, the social relationships between the women involved with a particular focus on homo-social friendships, and their humor’s potential as an instrument of resistance or social control. After discussing local ideals of femininity, the paper analyzes three distinct genres of humorous conversation: self-mockery, mutual teasing, and joking about absent third parties. The data show that the ambiguity of humour allowed for great freedom regarding women’s play with gendered identities and the expression of critical views on Bahrain’s gender hierarchy. Simultaneously, different kinds of humor were employed to negotiate closeness or distance in social relations. Among women friends, humor was often drastic, intimate, aggressive, and revelled in the taboo subjects of Bahraini society. Through humor, women questioned existing gender ideals and played with alternative identities. Their laughter, however, also served to maintain conventional ideas about “proper” women and confirmed existing social hierarchies. Thus, Bahraini women’s humor captured the contradictions and ambiguities of their fragmented and hybrid social environment replete with the uncertainties accompanying rapid social change.
Behaviour and Stability of the Two-Fluid Model for Fine-Scale Simulations of Bubbly Flow in Nuclear Reactors
Authors: Ström Henrik , Sasic Srdjan , Jareteg Klas , Demazière Christophe
Published: October 2015

In the present work, we formulate a simplistic two-fluid model for bubbly steam-water flow existing between fuel pins in nuclear fuel assemblies. Numerical simulations are performed in periodic 2D domains of varying sizes. The appearance of a non-uniform volume fraction field in the form of meso-scales is investigated and shown to be varying with the bubble loading and the domain size, as well as with the numerical algorithm employed. These findings highlight the difficulties involved in interpreting the occurrence of instabilities in two-fluid simulations of gas-liquid flows, where physical and unphysical instabilities are prone to be confounded. The results obtained in this work therefore contribute to a rigorous foundation in on-going efforts to derive a consistent meso-scale formulation of the traditional two-fluid model for multiphase flows in nuclear reactors.
Report on short course in educational methodology for university teachers in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) disciplines – a pilot study conducted at Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India
Authors: Munir Ahmed R. , Prem Kumar D.
Published: October 2015

Background: There is a growing awareness among teachers in the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) disciplines that a formal training in educational methodology can improve their performance as teachers and student evaluators. The Training of Trainers programs conducted by Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, in the previous years have brought about a transformation among the teachers who attended those programs. Also the teachers were witness to a changing perception among students towards teachers who adapt innovative teaching/assessment strategies. This report illustrates an innovative training activity that was adapted to design a reference model that can be developed as an operational model for large-scale execution.

Methods: Teachers who are under the affiliated CAM Institutions in Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, participated in a three-month ‘Short Course in Educational Methodology’. This program was delivered on distance learning mode. The course was organised into four modules. Study material was provided for each of the module in the form of a study guide and related reference articles in electronic form. There were three contact programs – Induction and Introduction that also addressed overview of entire course and the subject matter of Module 1, and this was at the beginning of the course, first contact program to address the learner needs of Modules 2 and 3 and second contact program for the contents in Module 4. The participants were engaged during the entire course duration with interactive contact programs, self-study and application of concepts in their teaching/assessment practices, submission of assignments online, and microteaching presentation and peer review.

Results: The documentation and raw data generated during the course of training were used to generate an operational model for training of university teachers of health sciences faculty in general and teachers of CAM disciplines in particular.

Conclusions: Establishing a model of training for university teachers who are engaged in health sciences education provides a strong platform to realise the roles of teacher, evolve as a conscientious and committed teacher and infuse their learners with passion and commitment to become competent in their professional performance.
Border Security: Defining it is the Real Challenge
Authors: Manjarrez Victor M.
Published: October 2015

The idea of border security is a notion that the US has pursued in earnest since September 11, 2001 and continues to be a focus for many Americans. This topic is assuredly going to rise once again as we near our 2016 national elections and the complex, often emotional issue, will take center stage as a heavily discoursed issue. Although there have been significant gains in how we enforce our international borders, there is wide disagreement on the success we have had with our border security efforts. Performance measures for border security are not always clear but there is a mosaic listing of outputs that suggest that border enforcement efforts have been successful. Unfortunately, we have failed to clearly delineate what successful border security efforts look like and before the nation, once again, makes a significant investment in resources we should start with the notion of defining successful border security.
Lexically conditioned phonetic variation in motherese: age-of-acquisition and other word-specific factors in infant- and adult-directed speech
Authors: Zellou Georgia , Scarborough Rebecca
Published: October 2015

Words produced to infants exhibit phonetic modifications relative to speech to adult interlocutors, such as longer, more canonical segments and prosodic enhancement. Meanwhile, within speech directed towards adults, phonetic variation is conditioned by word properties: lower word frequency and higher phonological neighborhood density (ND) correlate with increased hyperarticulation and degree of coarticulation. Both of these types of findings have interpretations that recruit listener-directed motivations, suggesting that talkers modify their speech in an effort to enhance the perceptibility of the speech signal. In that vein, the present study examines lexically-conditioned variation in infant-directed speech. Specifically, we predict that the adult-reported age at which a word was learned – lexical age-of-acquisition (AoA) – conditions phonetic variation in infant-directed speech. This prediction is indeed borne out in spontaneous infant-directed speech: later-acquired words are produced with more hyperarticulated vowels and a greater degree of nasal coarticulation. Meanwhile, ND predicts phonetic variation in data from spontaneous adult-directed speech, while AoA does not independently influence production. The patterns of findings in the current study support the stance that evaluation of the need for clarity is tuned to the listener. Lexical difficulty is evaluated by AoA in infant-directed speech, while ND is most relevant in adult-directed speech.
Models of dataset size, question design, and cross-language speech perception for speech crowdsourcing applications
Authors: Hasegawa-Johnson Mark , Cole Jennifer , Jyothi Preethi , Varshney Lav R.
Published: October 2015

Transcribers make mistakes. Workers recruited in a crowdsourcing marketplace, because of their varying levels of commitment and education, make more mistakes than workers in a controlled laboratory setting. Methods for compensating transcriber mistakes are desirable because, with such methods available, crowdsourcing has the potential to significantly increase the scale of experiments in laboratory phonology. This paper provides a brief tutorial on statistical learning theory, introducing the relationship between dataset size and estimation error, then presents a theoretical description and preliminary results for two new methods that control labeler error in laboratory phonology experiments. First, we discuss the method of crowdsourcing over error-correcting codes. In the error-correcting-code method, each difficult labeling task is first factored, by the experimenter, into the product of several easy labeling tasks (typically binary). Factoring increases the total number of tasks, nevertheless it results in faster completion and higher accuracy, because workers unable to perform the difficult task may be able to meaningfully contribute to the solution of each easy task. Second, we discuss the use of explicit mathematical models of the errors made by a worker in the crowd. In particular, we introduce the method of mismatched crowdsourcing, in which workers transcribe a language they do not understand, and an explicit mathematical model of second-language phoneme perception is used to learn and then compensate their transcription errors. Though introduced as technologies that increase the scale of phonology experiments, both methods have implications beyond increased scale. The method of easy questions permits us to probe the perception, by untrained listeners, of complicated phonological models; examples are provided from the prosody of English and Hindi. The method of mismatched crowdsourcing permits us to probe, in more detail than ever before, the perception of phonetic categories by listeners with a different phonological system.
Pointed and plateau-shaped pitch accents in North Frisian
Authors: Niebuhr Oliver , Hoekstra Jarich
Published: October 2015

Our study presents the initial results of an analysis of North Frisian intonation, based on a spontaneous interview corpus of Fering, the dialect of the island of Föhr off the west coast of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. The corpus was recorded more than 50 years ago during fieldwork for language documentation and conservation purposes. We selected a small part of this corpus – interviews of 10 elderly speakers – and conducted multiparametric
Frequency effects on the vowel length contrast merger in Seoul Korean
Authors: Kang Yoonjung , Yoon Tae-Jin , Han Sungwoo
Published: October 2015

This paper presents an apparent-time study of the vowel length contrast merger in Seoul Korean based on duration measurements of over 370,000 vowels in word-initial syllables in a read-speech corpus. The effects of word frequency on vowel duration and the lexical diffusion of long-vowel shortening are also examined. The findings confirm the observation made in the previous literature that the vowel length contrast is on its way out in the language, and that this sound change is nearing completion. We also find a significant effect of frequency on long-vowel duration: other things being equal, these vowels are shorter in high-frequency words than in low-frequency words. The rate of change does not differ significantly depending on the frequency of words apart from the high-frequency words reaching the endpoint of change and bottoming out in the change earlier than mid- and low-frequency words. The observed frequency effect is compatible with a model in which the frequency effect on duration comes from on-line factors that affect phonetic implementation of speech sounds, along with an across-the-board lenition bias that drives the sound change, not from stored tokens of word-specific variants.
New Developments in the History of East Uighur Manichaeism
Authors: Moriyasu Takao
Published: October 2015

Most of the materials on the history of Manichaeism during the time of the East Uighur empire are Chinese sources (Chinese works and the Karabalgasun inscription) which are well known on account of its French translation with detailed notes by Chavannes and Pelliot (1911-1913). Thereafter several new materials in Middle Iranian or in Old Uighur have been published as follows: T II D 135, a colophon in Middle Persian; M 1, a colophon of the Mahrnāmag (Hymn-Book); U 1 (= T II K Bündel Nr. D 173), a fragment of an Uighur historical book about Old Turkic peoples; U 72 and U 73, an Uighur Account of Mouyu Qaγan’s Conversion to Manichaeism; U 168 II (= T II D 173 a2), the colophon of a prayer appended to a Uighur Manichaean scripture in 795. Also just recently Peter Zieme has discovered new material: 81TB10: 06-3a. I have tried to reconstruct the history of Manichaeism during the time of the East Uighur empire synthesizing all materials mentioned above.
Language about God in Whitehead’s Philosophy
Authors: Oomen Palmyre M.F.
Published: October 2015

The way Whitehead speaks of God in his ‘philosophy of organism,’ and the evaluation thereof, is the subject of this article. The background of this issue is the position - broadly shared in theology, and here represented by Aquinas - that one should not speak ‘carelessly’ about God. Does Whitehead violate this rule, or does his language for God express God’s otherness and relatedness to the world in a new intriguing way? In order to answer this question an introduction into Whitehead’s philosophy is given, and especially into his category of existence, the ‘actual entity.’ For Whitehead God is an actual entity, and so is the most trivial puff of existence. His perception of the similarity and greater dissimilarity between God and the worldly actual entities (and clusters thereof) is analyzed. In the main and final section of this article these insights are used as a tool to decrypt Whitehead’s God-language. Here the status of Whitehead’s and Aquinas’ statements about God are compared, Whitehead’s ideas concerning the analogical character of concrete language are discussed, and it is argued that in Whitehead’s philosophy too there is no discourse about God without a shift or breakdown of the ‘ordinary’ meaning of language.
Further Textual Evidence Pertaining to the Enigmatic ‛Mani-Citations’ of Severus of Antioch
Authors: Reeves John C.
Published: October 2015

The 123rd Cathedral Homily of the early sixth-century Monophysite patriarch Severus of Antioch features a series of textual citations drawn from a Manichaean work. Modern scholars have noted certain affinities these citations share with materials contained in prior Christian polemicists such as Titus of Bostra and Theodoret, and they have offered largely speculative suggestions about the possible identity of the written source. The present paper seeks to advance the critical discussion surrounding this source by calling attention to the existence of what appear to be ‘later’ versions of this same source in some Arabic language testimonia about Mani and Manichaeism.
Production, quality control, biodistribution assessment and preliminary dose
evaluation of 166Ho-alendronate as a bone marrow ablative agent
Authors: Fakhari Ashraf , Jalilian Amir Reza , Yousefnia Hassan , Zolghadri Samaneh , Samani Ali Bahrami , Akbari Mahmoud Reza , Deha Fariba Johari , Shafiee-Ardestani Mahdi , Khalaj Ali
Published: October 2015

In this study, production, quality control and biodistribution studies of 166Ho-alendronate have been presented and
followed by dosimetric evaluation for human based on biodistribution data in wild-type rats. 166Ho chloride was obtained by
thermal neutron irradiation of natural 165Ho(NO3)3 samples. 166Ho-alendronate complex was prepared by
adding the desired amount of alkaline alendronate solution (0.2 mL, 150 mg/mL) to 3–5 mCi of the
166HoCl3 solution. Radiochemical purity of the complex was monitored by instant thin layer chromatography
(ITLC). 166Ho-alendronate complex was prepared in high radiochemical purity (> 99%, ITLC) and specific activity
of 4.4 GBq/mmol. Stability studies of the complex in the final preparation and in the presence of human serum were performed
up to 48 h. The major accumulation of the radio-complex was in the bone tissues followed by absorbed dose evaluation of each
human organ by RADAR software used for modelling the radiation dose delivered. The final preparation was administered to wild-type rats
and biodistribution of the complex was performed 2–48 h post injection showing major accumulation of the complex in the
bone tissue. The highest absorbed dose for 166Ho-alendronate is observed in bone surface and red marrow with 2.670 and
1.880 mSv/MBq; respectively. These findings suggest that 166Ho-alendronate has considerable characteristics
compared to 166Ho-DOTMP and can be a possible candidate for bone marrow ablation in patients with multiple
myeloma.
A model selection criterion for model-based clustering of annotated gene expression data
Authors: Gallopin Mélina , Celeux Gilles , Jaffrézic Florence , Rau Andrea
Published: October 2015

In co-expression analyses of gene expression data, it is often of interest to interpret clusters of co-expressed genes with respect to a set of external information, such as a potentially incomplete list of functional properties for which a subset of genes may be annotated. Based on the framework of finite mixture models, we propose a model selection criterion that takes into account such external gene annotations, providing an efficient tool for selecting a relevant number of clusters and clustering model. This criterion, called the integrated completed annotated likelihood (ICAL), is defined by adding an entropy term to a penalized likelihood to measure the concordance between a clustering partition and the external annotation information. The ICAL leads to the choice of a model that is more easily interpretable with respect to the known functional gene annotations. We illustrate the interest of this model selection criterion in conjunction with Gaussian mixture models on simulated gene expression data and on real RNA-seq data.
The Zadokites in the Wilderness: The Rebellion of Korach (Num 16) and the Zadokite Redaction
Authors: Jeon Jaeyoung
Published: October 2015

Num 16 is a composite rebellion narrative that consists of three different strands: a non-P story of Dathan and Abiram and two stories with priestly flavor – one concerning the 250 chieftains of Israel and one involving Korah with the Levites. A redaction-critical analysis suggests that the first two stories had existed separately and were combined by a redactor responsible for the addition of the passage about Korah and the Levites. The layers of the 250 chieftains and Korah represent, respectively, two phases of the Zadokites‹ struggle for their priestly prerogatives in the Jerusalem temple against the elders of the community and the powerful Levites in the Persian period. Along with those layers, Zadokite compositional and redactional passages are found throughout Exodus-Leviticus-Numbers and focus mainly on the Zadokites‹ own socio-religious interests. These passages are located in post-Priestly strata, constituting the latest layers in the Pentateuch.

Num 16 besteht als zusammengesetzte Erzählung zum Aufstand der Söhne Korachs aus drei Strängen: eine nichtpriesterliche Geschichte von Dathan und Abiram und zwei Erzählungen mit priesterlichem Flair zu 250 Anführern Israels und zu Korach und den Leviten. Eine redaktionskritische Analyse zeigt, dass die ersten beiden Erzählungen getrennt voneinander existierten und durch den Redaktor zusammengefügt wurden, der dabei die Abschnitte zu Korach ergänzte. Die Stränge zu den 250 Anführern und zu Korach repräsentieren zwei Phasen des Kampfes der Zadokiden um die priesterliche Vorherrschaft in Jerusalem. Spuren dieser Auseinandersetzung finden sich auch in Ex-Num und gehören zu den späten nachpriesterlichen Schichten des Pentateuchs.

Nb 16 est un récit de rébellion composite, qui comporte trois volets : l’histoire non-P de Datân et Abiram et deux histoires à coloration sacerdotale – celle des 250 chefs d’Israël et celle de Coré et des lévites. La critique rédactionnelle de ce chapitre suggère que les deux premières histoires ont existé séparément et ont été combinées par un rédacteur responsable de l’addition du passage sur Coré et les lévites. La couche du récit des 250 chefs et celle de l’épisode de Coré représentent respectivement deux phases du combat des Sadocides pour leurs prérogatives sacerdotales dans le Temple de Jérusalem pendant la période perse contre les anciens de la communauté et les puissants Lévites. En lien avec ces couches, on trouve dans l’ensemble Exode-Lévitique-Nombres des passages qui sont des compositions et des rédactions sadocides principalement centrées sur les intérêts socio-religieux propres à ce groupe. Ces passages se trouvent dans des strates post-sacerdotales, qui comptent parmi les couches les plus récentes du Pentateuque.
The Book of the Torah in Joshua 1 and 23 and in the Deuteronomistic History
Authors: Krause Joachim J.
Published: October 2015

In its Deuteronomistic edition, Deuteronomy refers to itself as »the book of the Torah«, written by Moses himself. In Jos 1 and 23, this book is introduced as an element of the subsequent ›history of Israel‹ narrative. Despite other differences, current hypotheses of the formation of the Deuteronomistic History (DH) almost unanimously agree that these as well as other references to the book of the Torah in Deut – II Reg must be regarded as secondary additions. Contrary to this

Das dtr edierte Deuteronomium bezeichnet sich selbst als »das Torabuch«. Niedergeschrieben von Mose, wird dieses Buch in Jos 1 und 23 als Element der anschließenden ›Geschichte Israels‹ eingeführt. Diese und weitere Erwähnungen des Torabuchs in Deut – II Reg gelten gegenwärtigen Hypothesen zur Entstehung des dtr Geschichtswerks (DtrG) unabhängig von allen sonstigen Unterschieden nahezu einmütig als sekundäre Ergänzungen. Entgegen dieser

Dans son édition deutéronomiste, le Deutéronome se présente comme »le livre de la Torah« écrit par Moïse lui-même. En Jos 1 et 23, ce même livre est introduit comme un élément du récit de »l’histoire d’Israël« qui suit. Les différentes hypothèses actuelles sur la formation de l’histoire deutéronomiste (HD) sont presque unanimes pour considérer ces références – ainsi que d’autres renvois – au livre de la Torah dans Deut –II Reg comme des ajouts secondaires. Contrairement à cette
»Retterbuch« und Richterbuch
Authors: Pfeiffer Henrik
Published: October 2015

In a critical reflection upon the article of S. Golani (»Three Oppressors and Four Saviors – The Three-Four Pattern and the List of Saviors in I Sam 12,9–11«, ZAW 127/2 [2015]) this study discusses problems in the hypothesis of a pre-Dtr ›Judges Composition‹ as an earlier stage of the book of Judges.

Der Beitrag diskutiert in kritischer Reflexion des Aufsatzes von S. Golani »Three Oppressors and Four Saviors – The Three-Four Pattern and the List of Saviors in I Sam 12,9–11« (ZAW 127, Heft 2-2015) Probleme der Hypothese einer vor-dtr. Richterkomposition als Vorstufe des Richterbuches.

L’article traite des problèmes liés à la postulation d’une étape préliminaire du livre des Juges sous forme d’une composition pré-dtr, à partir d’une discussion critique de l’article de S. Golani »Three Oppressors and Four Saviors – The Three-Four Pattern and the List of Saviors in I Sam 12,9–11« (ZAW 127, 2-2015).
Ab Initio Calculation of Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Zintl Aluminide SrAl2
Authors: Fu Zhi-Jian , Jia Li-Jun , Xia Ji-Hong , Tang Ke , Li Zhao-Hong , Sun Xiao-Wei , Chen Qi-Feng
Published: October 2015

The structural and thermodynamic properties of the orthorhombic and cubic structure SrAl2 at pressure and temperature are investigated by using the ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory methodwithin the generalised gradient approximation (GGA). The calculated lattice parameters are in agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical results. The phase transition predicted takes place at 0.5 GPa from the orthorhombic to the cubic structure at zero temperature. The thermodynamic properties of the zinc-blende structure SrAl2 are calculated by the quasi-harmonic Debye model. The pressure–volume relationship and the variations inthe thermal expansion α are obtained systematically in the pressure and temperature ranges of 0–5 GPa and 0–500 K, respectively.
Multicomponent green synthesis, spectroscopic and structural investigation of multi-substituted imidazoles. Part 1
Authors: Mohamed Shaaban K. , Simpson Jim , Marzouk Adel A. , Talybov Avtandil H. , Abdelhamid Antar A. , Abdullayev Yusif A. , Abbasov Vagif M.
Published: October 2015

Ten 1,2,4,5-tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives have been synthesized with a 2-hydroxyethy substituent at the 1-nitrogen atom and potentially electron releasing hydroxy-, methoxy-, dimethylamino- or nitro substituents in various positions on the benzene ring located on the 2-carbon atom. The prototypical derivative with an unsubstituted phenyl ring at the 2-position is also reported. The compounds are obtained in excellent yields (average 86%) via a four-component cyclocondensation reaction of benzil, ethanolamine, and the appropriate aromatic carbaldehyde together with ammonium acetate. The reaction uses a novel ionic liquid catalyst, DEAHS (diethyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate), under solvent-free conditions and a green synthetic protocol. The key advantages of this process are high yield, shorter reaction times and ease of work-up. Furthermore, the products can be purified by a non-chromatographic method and the catalyst is re-usable. All of these newly synthesized compounds have been characterized from spectral data; the X-ray structures of three representative molecules are also detailed.
1,8-Naphthalimide derivative-based turn-off fluorescent probe for the detection of picrate in organic aqueous media
Authors: Wu Huilu , Wang Cuiping , Zhang Jiawen , Zhang Yanhui , Chen Chengyong , Yang Zaihui , Fan Xuyang
Published: October 2015

The synthesis of a simple fluorescent naphthalimide-based receptorN-allyl-4-iminodi(N-butylacetamide)-1,8-naphthalimide3was carried out as a selective picrate (Pic–) anion probe, and the detecting behavior of this probe was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. In DMF solution, the interaction of compound3with different anions, including Pic–, F–, Cl–, Br–, I–, OH–, Ac–, NO3–, ClO4–, SCN–, SO32–, SO42–, H2PO4–, and HPO42–, revealed significant fluorescence quenching only with the Pic–anion. By adding the picrate anions, green-yellow fluorescence emission quenches, which is easily observed by naked eyes under a 365 nm UV light irradiation. This phenomenon is essential for producing a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for picrate anions. The probe can be applied to the quantification of Pic–with a linear range covering from 4.97 × 10–6to 6.82 × 10–5mand a detection limit of 5.8 × 10–7m. Most importantly, probe3has a high selectivity for picrate over competitive anions and picrate-containing analytes, which meet the selective requirements for practical application. Thus, the present results would be inspiring findings in the future design of reaction-based fluorescent turn-off probes for the environmentally relevant picrate probe.
A 3D mixed-valence Cu(I)/Cu(II) coordination polymer constructed by 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate
Authors: Kong Zhi-Guo , Guo Sheng-Nan , Sun Bo , Ng Seik Weng
Published: October 2015

A mixed-valence Cu(I)/Cu(II) coordination polymer, namely, [Cu2(L)(1,3-BDC)]
n
(1), has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions (HL = 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline and 1,3-H2BDC = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid). Its structure has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and powder X-ray diffraction. The crystals are the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 10.686(4), b = 17.376(8), c = 11.759(4) Å, β = 92.072(14)°, C27H14Cu2FN4O4, M
r = 604.50, V = 2182.1(15) Å3, Z = 4, D
calcd. = 1.84 g cm–3, R = 0.0588 and wR = 0.1202 (all data). In complex 1, the mixed-valence Cu(I)/Cu(II) atoms are linked by L and 1,3-BDC to give a rare 3D (3,3,4)-connected (4.7.9)(7.8.9)(4.7.8.93) framework. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility of 1 was investigated in the temperature range of 2–300 K.
Fluxional behaviour of tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptaphosphide trisanion: a DFT investigation
Authors: Bhargava Meha , Maheshwari Pooja , Kour Manjinder , Bansal Raj K.
Published: October 2015

The structures of the tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptaphosphide trisanion, tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptaphosphane triradical and their carbocyclic analogues have been investigated theoretically at the density functional theory (DFT) (B3LYP/6-31 + G*) level. The existence of negative hyperconjugation in these molecules could be established by natural bond orbital analysis. The weakening of theσbonds combined with the possibility of the valence-shell expansion at the anionic charge carrying phosphorus atoms in the tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptaphosphide trisanion induces a degenerate [2,2]sigmatropic rearrangement with a low energy barrier making all the phosphorus atoms equivalent, as detected by31P NMR experimentally. This energy barrier is enhanced in the presence of counterions. Its carbocyclic analogue trisanion fails to undergo a [2,2]sigmatropic rearrangement due to the inability of the anionic carbon centres to expand their valence shell. The tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptaphosphane triradical and its carbocyclic analogue undergo a [2,2]sigmatropic rearrangement, as valence-shell expansion at the carbon atom is not required in this case. A lower activation energy barrier for the [2,2]sigmatropic rearrangement of the tricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptane triradical as compared to that for its phospha-analogue can be rationalised on the basis of the higher ring strain of cyclopropane than triphosphirane.
cDNA cloning and functional characterisation of four antimicrobial peptides from Paa spinosa
Authors: Dong Bao Juan , Zhan Zhong Gen , Zheng Rong Quan , Chen Wen , Min Jin Jin
Published: October 2015

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides found in many organisms defending themselves against pathogens. AMPs form the first line of host defence against pathogenic infections and are key components of the innate immune system of amphibians. In the current study, cDNAs of precursors of four novel antimicrobial peptides in the skin of Paa spinosa were cloned and sequenced using the 3′-RACE technique. Mature peptides, named spinosan A–D, encoded by the cDNAs were chemically synthesized and their chemical properties were predicted. The antimicrobial, antioxidative, cyotoxic and haemolytic activities of these four AMPs were determined. While the synthesised spinosans A–C exhibited no activity towards any of the bacterial strains tested, spinosan-D exhibited weak but broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All peptides were weakly haemolytic towards rabbit erythrocytes, had a strong antioxidative activity, and a low cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells. These findings provide helpful insights that may be useful in the future design of anti-infective peptide agents.
Modulation by Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 of Experimental Parkinsonism, l-DOPA Responsivity, and Glutamatergic Neurotransmission
Authors: Alvarsson Alexandra , Zhang Xiaoqun , Stan Tiberiu L , Schintu Nicoletta , Kadkhodaei Banafsheh , Millan Mark J. , Perlmann Thomas , Svenningsson Per
Published: October 2015

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by a progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Restoration of dopamine transmission byl-DOPA relieves symptoms of PD but causes dyskinesia. Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) modulates dopaminergic transmission, but its role in experimental Parkinsonism andl-DOPA responses has been neglected. Here, we report that TAAR1 knock-out (KO) mice show a reduced loss of dopaminergic markers in response to intrastriatal 6-OHDA administration compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. In contrast, the TAAR1 agonist RO5166017 aggravated degeneration induced by intrastriatal 6-OHDA in WT mice. Subchronicl-DOPA treatment of TAAR1 KO mice unilaterally lesioned with 6-OHDA in the medial forebrain bundle resulted in more pronounced rotational behavior and dyskinesia than in their WT counterparts. The enhanced behavioral sensitization tol-DOPA in TAAR1 KO mice was paralleled by increased phosphorylation of striatal GluA1 subunits of AMPA receptors. Conversely, RO5166017 counteracted bothl-DOPA-induced rotation and dyskinesia as well as AMPA receptor phosphorylation. Underpinning a role for TAAR1 receptors in modulating glutamate neurotransmission, intrastriatal application of RO5166017 prevented the increase of evoked corticostriatal glutamate release provoked by dopamine deficiency after 6-OHDA-lesions or conditional KO of Nurr1. Finally, inhibition of corticostriatal glutamate release by TAAR1 showed mechanistic similarities to that effected by activation of dopamine D2receptors. These data unveil a role for TAAR1 in modulating the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, the behavioral response tol-DOPA, and presynaptic and postsynaptic glutamate neurotransmission in the striatum, supporting their relevance to the pathophysiology and, potentially, management of PD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Restoration of dopamine transmission byl-DOPA relieves symptoms of PD but causes severe side effects. Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) modulates dopaminergic transmission, but its role in PD andl-DOPA responses has been neglected. Here, we report that TAAR1 potentiates the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and attenuates the behavioral response tol-DOPA and presynaptic and postsynaptic glutamate neurotransmission in the striatum, supporting the relevance of TAAR1 to the pathophysiology and, potentially, management of PD.