bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioadhesive vaginal tablets containing spray dried microspheres loaded with clotrimazole for treatment of vaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Gupta Naresh Vishal , Natasha Shirodker , Getyala Anil , Bhat Ramnath Sudeendra
Published: October 2013

The aim of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate novel bioadhesive vaginal tablets containing clotrimazole loaded microspheres in order to provide long-term therapeutic activity at the site of infection. Tablets were prepared by incorporating drug loaded microspheres and using bioadhesive polymers hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and Carbopol. Microspheres were prepared by the spray drying technique using Eudragit RS-100 and Eudragit RL-100. Microspheres were characterized by SEM, DSC, FTIR, particle size analysis and evaluated for percentage yield, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release. To achieve bioadhesion to the mucosal tissue, optimized microspheres were incorporated into bioadhesive tablets and were evaluated for in vitro drug release, in vitro and in vivo mucoadhesion. FTIR and DSC studies showed that no chemical interaction occurred between the drug and polymers. The sphericity factor indicated that the prepared microspheres were spherical. Formulation Mt6 indicated a controlled in vitro drug release and good bioadhesive strength. The in vivo images confirmed the bioadhesion and retention property of tablets up to 24 h. The results indicated that this drug delivery system can be explored for controlled intravaginal drug release.
Identity in adolescence and emerging adulthood: relationships with emotional and educational factors
Authors: Piotrowski Konrad
Published: October 2013

In the processual approach to identity, the role of the interaction between subjective and contextual factors in the process of its development is emphasized. Based on the model of Luyckx et al. (2008) relationships between identity and educational context, as well as the tendency to experience shame and guilt were analyzed.. 821 people aged from 14-25 and belonging to six educational groups: (1) lower secondary school, (2) basic vocational school, (3) technical upper secondary school, (4) general upper secondary school, (5) post-secondary school (medical rescue, massage therapy, cosmetology, occupational therapy) and (6) university, took part in the research. Two questionnaires were used: The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS), to allow the measurement of the five dimensions of identity postulated by Luyckx et al (2008) and The Personal Feelings Questionnaire-2 (PFQ-2, Harder, Zalma, 1990) to measure of the shame and guilt proneness. The results show that general upper secondary school students in terms of the dimensions of identity are closer to lower secondary school students rather than to their peers from technical and vocational schools. Among general upper secondary school students not only was a higher intensity of an identity crisis observed, but also a strong tendency to experience shame and guilt. Among lower secondary school students and general upper secondary school students, people with diffusion and moratorium as identity statuses prevailed, while in the remaining groups the achievement and foreclosure identity were observed more frequently. A general relationship was also observed, namely, a greater tendency to experience shame was associated with a higher intensity of an identity crisis.
Hysteresis curves and loops for harmonic and impulse perturbations in some non-equilibrium gases
Authors: Perelomova Anna
Published: October 2013

Evolution of sound in a relaxing gas whose properties vary in the course of wave propagation, is studied. A relaxing medium may reveal normal acoustic properties or be acoustically active. In the first case, losses in acoustic energy lead to an increase in internal energy of a gas similarly as it happens in Newtonian fluids. In the second case, acoustic energy increases in the course of sound propagation, and the internal energy of a medium decreases. Variations in the internal energy of a gas are proportional to some generic parameter, the sign of which is responsible for acoustical activity, and depends on intensity and shape of the sound waveform. Hysteresis curves in the plane of thermodynamic states are plotted. Curves for harmonic and several aperiodic sound impulses are plotted, discussed and compared.
Self-assessment questionnaire for family doctors’ assessment of quality improvement competencies: a cross-cultural adaptation in Slovenia
Authors: Klemenc-Ketiš Zalika , Kuhar Primož , Kersnik Janko , Burazeri Genc , Czabanowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2013

Aim: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Quality Improvement Competency Self Assessment (QICS) questionnaire for family physicians into the Slovenian language and to validate it in a representative sample of Slovenian FPs.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational postal survey was conducted in a random sample of 398 Slovenian FPs. We used the QICS questionnaire that was developed on the basis of the new Quality Improvement Competency Framework for family medicine. The QICS questionnaire consists of 37 items included in six domains. The questions can be answered on a five-point Likert scale. The validity of the translation was provided by the backward translation from Slovenian to the English language and by the reference group consisting of experienced FPs in the consensus process. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Spearman rho to determine the test-retest reliability (the questionnaire was sent to the physicians in the sample twice in a period of two weeks).

Results: The final sample consisted of 100 (25.1%) family physicians, out of which 71 (71.0%) were women. Mean age of the sample was 43.3 ± 9.6 years. Mean score of the QICS questionnaire was 127.0 ± 30.1 points (first round) and 127.8 ± 30.6 points (second round). Cronbach’s alpha scores were 0.984 (first round) and 0.988 (second round). Spearman’s rho for the summary score of the whole scale was 0.829 with p < 0.001.

Conclusion: The Slovenian version of the QICS questionnaire proved to be a valid and reliable tool for selfassessment of quality improvement competencies by FPs in terms of continuous professional development.
Impact of air pollution with PM10 on primary health care consultations for respiratory diseases in children in Zasavje, Slovenia: a time-trend study
Authors: Kukec Andreja , Erzen Ivan , Farkas Jerneja , Kragelj Lijana Zaletel
Published: October 2013

Aim: The aim of our study was to assess the temporal association between the number of consultations in the primary health care unit due to respiratory diseases in children and the level of particular matter of 10 micrometres in diameter (PM10) pollution in the Zasavje region.

Methods: A time-trend ecological study was carried out for the period between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2011. The daily number of first consultations for respiratory diseases among children in the Zasavje region was observed as the outcome. Poisson regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the observed outcome and the daily PM10 concentrations, adjusted to other covariates.

Results: The results showed that the daily number of first consultations were highly significantly associated with the daily concentrations of PM10 in the Zagorje (p<0.001) and Trbovlje (p<0.001) municipalities. In the Hrastnik municipality, a significant association was not observed in all models.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that evidence of association between the daily PM10 concentration and the daily number of first consultations for respiratory diseases among children exists, indicating that there is still a need for public health activities in the sense of reduction of harmful environmental factors in the region. Additionally, on the basis of these results, it can be assumed that with some improvements linkage of existing health and environmental data in Slovenia in general could be feasible in identifying a grounded need for future public health action.
Lightning-Caused and Human-Induced Forest Fires as Evidenced By Pteridium Spores in Selected Quaternary Records from Poland
Authors: Bińka Krzysztof , Nitychoruk Jerzy
Published: October 2013

The occurrence of Pteridium spores - the common fire-adapted plant - was observed in Poland’s Pleistocene (three interglacials and numerous interstadials) and Holocene pollen sequences. Until the onset of the middle Holocene, bracken was recorded relatively rarely. This marks climatic conditions with sporadic wildfires, followed by quick re- moval of the clones (or maintenance of the clones in a suppressed state) in the subsequent, post fire successional stages. In each interglacial we can also identify short periods (most often synchronous) of somewhat higher frequency of Pteridium, indicating a possible increase in natural fires as an effect of stormy conditions. These short periods are placed mainly within phases dominated by coniferous woodlands. The very high content of bracken found from a reanalysis of the long Saalian sequence at Ossówka as three regular culminations just above three non-tree phases, eastern Poland is the unique exception. To explain this we found the close modem analogue of the above phenomenon in the Alaskan region, at the boundary between the tundra and the boreal zone where in a very narrow forest zone, especially with the continental signature, lightning-initiated fires are very frequent (the edge effect). Pleistocene records of bracken during forest periods might indicate that thunderstorms and lightning strikes were responsible for its higher content. This is not to exclude the possibility that interglacial fires were set by Palaeolithic humans. However, it is more likely that the wildfires were utilized and to some extent controlled, especially at Ossówka, where the palaeolake existed for a long time after the interglacial; and this surely attracted the attention of game and humans. Our investigations show that rare, more abundant Pteridium in the Pleistocene sequences can be traced throughout the corresponding periods even at distant sites. This might be indirect evidence of a climatic pattern that promote stormy conditions and fires at that time. In the Holocene, different factors seem to be responsible for the long-term dynamics in Pteridium clones. Both in Poland and in adjacent areas bracken peaked in the middle Holocene from 8000 to 5000 BP, when this territory was occupied by deciduous woodlands. There is agreement that this is due to burning of forests by the hunter-gatherer societies of the Late Mesolithic. However, in spite of increased clearings in the subsequent phases bracken substantially decreased in abundance. This means first of all that fires rather than clearings were responsible for the rise in Pteridium spores in the Holocene pollen sequences.
The Random Assignment of Students Into Elementary Classrooms
Authors: Paufler Noelle A. , Amrein-Beardsley Audrey
Published: October 2013

Value-added models (VAMs) are used to measure changes in student achievement on large-scaled standardized test scores from year to year. When aggregated, VAM estimates are used to measure teacher effectiveness and hold teachers accountable for the value they purportedly add to or detract from student learning and achievement. In this study, researchers examined the extent to which purposeful (nonrandom) and random assignment of students into classrooms occurs in Arizona elementary schools (Grades 3–6). Researchers found that overwhelmingly, students are not randomly assigned and administrators, teachers, and parents play a prodigious role in the process. Findings have current implications for value-added analyses and the extent to which nonrandom assignment practices might impact or bias teachers’ value-added scores.
The craniofacial anthropometric measurement in a population of normal newborns of Kolkata
Authors: Ghosh Anasuya , Manjari C , Mahapatra S
Published: October 2013

Background: The anthropometric measurement of the craniofacial region plays an important role in the evaluation of the newborn with dysmorphic features and their corrective surgery. This study was undertaken to establish a baseline craniofacial dataset for the newborn population of Kolkata where it is still lacking. Methods: In this study, we obtained the measurement of 6 distinct parameters (length of nose, height of nose, width of columella, length of philtrum, width of philtrum, oral commissural distance) of craniofacial region of 1860 healthy newborns (both male & female). Their body weight was recorded. We compared the values in both sexes and also in normal & low birth weight babies. Results: Our study shows statistically significant higher values in all parameters except oral commissural distance among male than female newborn. It again results statistically significant higher values of length of nose, length of philtrum and oral commissural distance in normal birth weight newborns than the low birth weight group in both sexes. Conclusion: We here present a set of reference value for the newborn population (both normal & low birth weight) of East India (Kolkata). Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 125-129 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8955
Early intervention services to children with developmental delay in resource poor settings in India
Authors: Lakhan R , Mario A , Qureshi FN , Hall ML
Published: October 2013

Background: Early intervention has been proven to be effective in facilitating development in children with developmental delay (DD). However, such service, subject of this study, is not available to DD children in most of India. Against the odds, therefore, one non-government organization (NGO) in the country, Ashagram Trust (AGT), decided to establish a service unit in a resource-poor geographical setting. This study aimed to examine the impact of early intervention provided to children with DD by Community Based Rehabilitation Workers (CBRWs) under supervision of professionals. Methods: Data analysis of pre- and -post scores on an early intervention tool (EIT). A total of 67 children (male 38, female 29), ages 6 through 36 months, ranging in DD from borderline (IQ<80) to a high level of DD, received early intervention services provided by community-based rehabilitation workers (CBRWs) under the supervision of professionals. A total of 46 children who stayed in compliance were analyzed. Results: A paired t-test was conducted. Overall results indicated significant improvement (pre-mean 22, sd – 3.9, post-mean 39, - 4.3, t-value – 6.40, p<0.0002, Pearson correlation 0.873, p<0.05) in children with DD in all four areas of development, motor, communication, cognitive and social. Conclusion: The study demonstrated positive outcome of early intervention in areas of motor, communication, cognitive and social development of children with DD. Early intervention services may be successfully provided by CBRWs under the supervision of trained professionals in resource-poor tribal areas of India, using low cost locally prepared therapeutic materials. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 149-155 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8966
Laser treatment for post acne scars– A review
Authors: Keyal U , Huang X , Bhatta AK
Published: October 2013

Background: For years, there was no successful treatment for acne scars. Now, things have changed. With the development of new technologies, those suffering from acne scarring have multiple options to improve the tone and texture of the skin. Laser treatments, including ablative and non ablative laser skin resurfacing are among available treatment options. Methods: The aim of writing this paper is to review information about acne scarring, as well as potential treatments by laser. The paper will first concentrate on introduction and classification of acne scarring, then go on to treatment modalities specifically by laser. This paper will also focus on post treatment recovery time, side effects and methods to prevent and treat those side effects. Conclusion: Ultimate goal of any intervention in acne scarring is not total cure or perfection; rather it is making scars less visible.   Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 165-170 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8970
A rare case of laryngeal tuberculosis simulating malignancy
Authors: Ansari S , Amanullah MF , Ahmad K , Dhungel K , Gupta MK , Kumar A
Published: October 2013

Laryngeal tuberculosis is an uncommon disease and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in any laryngeal disease, in particular in the case of a laryngeal carcinoma. It is difficult to differentiate laryngeal tuberculosis from carcinoma through imaging and needs clinical and histopathological correlation. We describe the case of a 26 year old man who presented with the clinical picture of laryngeal cancer, but which turned out to be tuberculosis. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 200-202 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8979
Catalysts Supported on Carbon Materials for the Selective Hydrogenation of Citral
Authors: Bailón-García Esther , Maldonado-Hódar Francisco , Pérez-Cadenas Agustín , Carrasco-Marín Francisco
Published: October 2013

The heterogeneously catalyzed selective-hydrogenation of citral is one of the more feasible ways for obtaining its appreciated unsaturated-alcohols, nerol and geraniol, which are present in over 250 essential oils. Thus, citral has very recently come to be produced petro-chemically in very large quantities, and so partial hydrogenation of citral has become a very economical route for the production of these compounds. However, the selective hydrogenation of citral is not easy, because citral is an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde which possesses three double bonds that can be hydrogenated: an isolated C=C bond and the conjugated C=O and C=C bonds. For this reason, in catalyst selection there are several important issues which affect the product selectivity, for example, the active metal and metal particle size which are factors related to the catalyst preparation method, catalyst precursor, or support surface area, as well as other factors such as porosity, the addition of a second catalytic metal, and, of course, the type of catalyst support. About this last one, carbon materials are very interesting supports for this type of hydrogenation reaction due to their unique chemical and textural properties. This review collects and analyzes the results obtained in the selective hydrogenation of citral catalyzed by carbon material supported metals.
Ionic Liquids: The Synergistic Catalytic Effect in the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Cheng Weiguo , Su Qian , Wang Jinquan , Sun Jian , Ng Flora
Published: October 2013

This review presents the synergistic effect in the catalytic system of ionic liquids (ILs) for the synthesis of cyclic carbonate from carbon dioxide and epoxide. The emphasis of this review is on three aspects: the catalytic system of metal-based ionic liquids, the catalytic system of hydrogen bond-promoted ionic liquids and supported ionic liquids. Metal and ionic liquids show a synergistic effect on the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides. The cations and anions of ionic liquids show a synergistic effect on the cycloaddition reactions. The functional groups in cations or supports combined with the anions have a synergistic effect on the cycloaddition reactions. Synergistic catalytic effects of ILs play an important role of promoting the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides. The design of catalytic system of ionic liquids will be possible if the synergistic effect on a molecular level is understood.
B-Mode Ultrasound Imaging, Doppler Imaging, and Real-Time Elastography in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma and Lymph Node Metastases
Authors: Uematsu Takayoshi , Kasami Masako , Kiyohara Yoshio
Published: October 2013

Examination by ultrasonography (US) is a rapid, sensitive, cost-effective, and even portable technique for confirming the presence of tumors. However, US is not routinely used worldwide for the diagnostic work-up of cutaneous malignant melanoma. High-resolution US using a 6–14 MHz or 5–13 MHz linear transducer enables the preoperative assessment of tumor size and thickness. Compared with physical examination, US is also very effective in the early detection of lymph node metastases. It can be easily repeated for the follow-up of cutaneous malignant melanoma and lymph node metastases. Ultrasonographic appearance of some lymph nodes may overlap, thus producing diagnostic pitfalls. In such cases with overlapping findings, Doppler imaging and elastography may additionally facilitate the evaluation of cutaneous malignant melanoma and lymph node metastases. US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) finally helps to confirm ultrasonographic results, thus improving the specificity and sensitivity in difficult situations in which US alone gives unclear results in lymph node assessment.
What Food is to be Kept Safe and for Whom? Food-Safety Governance in an Unsafe Food System
Authors: McMahon Martha
Published: October 2013

This paper argues that discussion of new food-safety governance should be framed by the realization that the dominant food system within which food-safety governance is designed to makes food safe is itself a structural and systemic sources of food un-safety, poor health and a future of food insecurity for many. For some, an appropriate policy response lies in addressing the connections between the food system and diseases such as heart disease, obesity and diabetes. For others it means subsuming food-safety governance within food security governance. For yet others, safe food implies food sovereignty governance and the primacy of a climate change resilient food system. Conventional approaches to food-safety governance are typically framed within a liability model of responsibility that has limited usefulness for addressing institutional, structural or systemic sources of harm such as those critics increasingly attribute to the dominant food system and which are not amenable to remedy by food-safety governance as it is widely understood. One cannot identify critical hazard points where risk is to be managed. These are food-system safety challenges. Because food-safety governance is so deeply political there needs to be greater attention to issues of governance rather than the more usual focus on the technologies of food-safety. Feminist political theorists have much to contribute to re-thinking food-safety governance in the context of diversity and the complexities of power. One could usefully start with the simple questions, “what food is to be kept-safe, for whom and who is the subject of food-safety governance in a post-Westphalian political economic order?” These questions can help unpack both the narrow parochialism and the misleading universalism of food-safety talk. This paper answers that neither the citizens of a particular state (or network of states) nor the falsely universalizing identity of ‘the consumer’ are adequate answers to these questions about ‘who’ and ‘what’. Answering these questions about who and what with respect to food-safety governance brings issues of justice, ecology, public health and the legitimacy and nature of governance itself into the heart of food-safety discussions.
The Effect of Various Waste Materials’ Contents on the Attenuation Level of Anti-Radiation Shielding Concrete
Authors: Azeez Ali , Mohammed Kahtan , Abdullah Mohd , Hussin Kamarudin , Sandu Andrei , Razak Rafiza
Published: October 2013

Samples of concrete contain various waste materials, such as iron particulates, steel balls of used ball bearings and slags from steel industry were assessed for their anti-radiation attenuation coefficient properties. The attenuation measurements were performed using gamma spectrometer of NaI (Tl) detector. The utilized radiation sources comprised 137Cs and 60Co radioactive elements with photon energies of 0.662 MeV for 137Cs and two energy levels of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV for the 60Co. Likewise the mean free paths for the tested samples were obtained. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the waste loading rates and the particulate dispersive manner within the concrete matrix on the attenuation coefficients. The maximum linear attenuation coefficient (μ) was attained for concrete incorporates iron filling wastes of 30 wt %. They were of 1.12 ± 1.31×10−3 for 137Cs and 0.92 ± 1.57 × 10−3 for 60Co. Substantial improvement in attenuation performance by 20%–25% was achieved for concrete samples incorporate iron fillings as opposed to that of steel ball samples at different (5%–30%) loading rates. The steel balls and the steel slags gave much inferior values. The microstructure, concrete-metal composite density, the homogeneity and particulate dispersion were examined and evaluated using different metallographic, microscopic and measurement facilities.
Identification of Two Novel Anti-Fibrotic Benzopyran Compounds Produced by Engineered Strains Derived from Streptomyces xiamenensis M1-94P that Originated from Deep-Sea Sediments
Authors: You Zhong-Yuan , Wang Ya-Hui , Zhang Zhi-Gang , Xu Min-Juan , Xie Shu-Jie , Han Tie-Sheng , Feng Lei , Li Xue-Gong , Xu Jun
Published: October 2013

The benzopyran compound obtained by cultivating a mangrove-derived strain, Streptomyces xiamenensis strain 318, shows multiple biological effects, including anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophic scar properties. To increase the diversity in the structures of the available benzopyrans, by means of biosynthesis, the strain was screened for spontaneous rifampicin resistance (Rif), and a mutated rpsL gene to confer streptomycin resistance (Str), was introduced into the S. xiamenensis strain M1-94P that originated from deep-sea sediments. Two new benzopyran derivatives, named xiamenmycin C (1) and D (2), were isolated from the crude extracts of a selected Str-Rif double mutant (M6) of M1-94P. The structures of 1 and 2 were identified by analyzing extensive spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 both inhibit the proliferation of human lung fibroblasts (WI26), and 1 exhibits better anti-fibrotic activity than xiamenmycin. Our study presents the novel bioactive compounds isolated from S. xiamenensis mutant strain M6 constructed by ribosome engineering, which could be a useful approach in the discovery of new anti-fibrotic compounds.
Red Algal Bromophenols as Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
Authors: Mikami Daisuke , Kurihara Hideyuki , Kim Sang , Takahashi Koretaro
Published: October 2013

Five bromophenols isolated from three Rhodomelaceae algae (Laurencia nipponica, Polysiphonia morrowii, Odonthalia corymbifera) showed inhibitory effects against glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Among them, the symmetric bromophenol dimer (5) showed the highest inhibitory activity against G6PD.
Response of Spectral Reflectances and Vegetation Indices on Varying Juniper Cone Densities
Authors: Peng Dailiang , Jiang Zhangyan , Huete Alfredo , Ponce-Campos Guillermo , Nguyen Uyen , Luvall Jeffrey
Published: October 2013

Juniper trees are widely distributed throughout the world and are common sources of allergies when microscopic pollen grains are transported by wind and inhaled. In this study, we investigated the spectral influences of pollen-discharging male juniper cones within a juniper canopy. This was done through a controlled outdoor experiment involving ASD FieldSpec Pro Spectroradiometer measurements over juniper canopies of varying cone densities. Broadband and narrowband spectral reflectance and vegetation index (VI) patterns were evaluated as to their sensitivity and their ability to discriminate the presence of cones. The overall aim of this research was to assess remotely sensed phenological capabilities to detect pollen-bearing juniper trees for public health applications. A general decrease in reflectance values with increasing juniper cone density was found, particularly in the Green (545–565 nm) and NIR (750–1,350 nm) regions. In contrast, reflectances in the shortwave-infrared (SWIR, 2,000 nm to 2,350 nm) region decreased from no cone presence to intermediate amounts (90 g/m2) and then increased from intermediate levels to the highest cone densities (200 g/m2). Reflectance patterns in the Red (620–700 nm) were more complex due to shifting contrast patterns in absorptance between cones and juniper foliage, where juniper foliage is more absorbing than cones only within the intense narrowband region of maximum chlorophyll absorption near 680 nm. Overall, narrowband reflectances were more sensitive to cone density changes than the equivalent MODIS broadbands. In all VIs analyzed, there were significant relationships with cone density levels, particularly with the narrowband versions and the two-band vegetation index (TBVI) based on Green and Red bands, a promising outcome for the use of phenocams in juniper phenology trait studies. These results indicate that spectral indices are sensitive to certain juniper phenologic traits that can potentially be used for juniper cone detection in support of public health applications.
Quorum Sensing Activity of Enterobacter asburiae Isolated from Lettuce Leaves
Authors: Lau Yin , Sulaiman Joanita , Chen Jian , Yin Wai-Fong , Chan Kok-Gan
Published: October 2013

Bacterial communication or quorum sensing (QS) is achieved via sensing of QS signaling molecules consisting of oligopeptides in Gram-positive bacteria and N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) in most Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Batavia lettuce were screened for AHL production. Enterobacter asburiae, identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was found to produce short chain AHLs. High resolution triple quadrupole liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of the E. asburiae spent supernatant confirmed the production of N-butanoyl homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) and N–hexanoyl homoserine lactone (C6-HSL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of AHL production by E. asburiae.
Density and Decision-Making: Findings from an Online Survey
Authors: Boyko Christopher , Cooper Rachel
Published: October 2013

In many countries, policymakers have used urban densification strategies in an effort to create more sustainable cities. However, spatial density as a concept remains unclear and complex. Little information exists about how density is considered by decision makers, including the different kinds of density and the wider political and economic context in which decisions are made: who makes density decisions, when they make those decisions and what they use to make decisions. To that end, the authors created an online survey to investigate the above issues. One hundred and twenty-nine respondents from the fields of architecture, planning, urban design and engineering answered a 26-item survey over a 3-month period. Findings suggest that decision makers consider more than just population and dwelling density and that city design, planning and policy need to address these other kinds of density. Moreover, the professions making many of the density decisions are not, necessarily, the ones that should be making the decisions; nor are they making decisions early enough. Policymakers also need to be more cognisant of the multi-scalar dimensions of density when creating policy. Finally, more needs to be done in universities to ensure that built environment students receive a broader skillset, particularly in terms of engaging with communities.
Detection and Molecular Diversity of Spike Gene of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in China
Authors: Chen Jianfei , Liu Xiaozhen , Shi Da , Shi Hongyan , Zhang Xin , Li Changlong , Chi Yanbin , Feng Li
Published: October 2013

Since late 2010, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has rapidly disseminated all over the China and caused considerable morbidity and high mortality (up to 100%) in neonatal piglets. 79.66% (141 of 177) pig farms in 29 provinces (excluding Tibet and Hainan, China) and 72.27% (417 of 577) samples were positive for PEDV confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The full-length S genes of representative field strains were sequenced. 33 field strains share 93.5%–99.9% homologies with each other at the nucleotide sequence level and 92.3%–99.8% homologies with each other at the amino acids sequence level. Most field strains have nucleotide deletion and insertion regions, and show lower homologies (93.5%–94.2%) with Chinese classical strain CH/S, however higher homologies (97.1%–99.3%) with recent strain CHGD-1. The phylogenetic analysis showed there are classical strains and variants prevailing in pig herd in China. PEDV has a high detection rate in pig herds in China. Sequence analysis indicated the S genes of recent field strains have heterogeneity and the variants are predominant.
A telenovela brasileira : do nacionalismo à exportação
Authors: Santos Lidia
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT- Brazilian TV serials are profitable export products, sold to 128 countries, and have been part of the population's daily life for about thirty years. Although those programmes rely on the «sentimental culture» to appeal to people, they are also capable of dealing with real, modern issues ; for instance, «The King of the Herd» (1986) masterfully depicted the conflict between landless peasants and powerful landowners.
Tourism Competitiveness of Asia Pacific Destinations
Authors: Leung Xi Yu , Baloglu Seyhmus
Published: October 2013

Destination competitiveness is a critical concept for countries/destinations to gain a favorable position in the changing world tourism market. Using the data from The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011, the study employed both multidimensional scaling and cluster
analysis methods to evaluate the destination competitiveness of 16 Asia Pacific destinations (countries). A three-dimensional perceptual map was generated to show the tourism competitive positioning of each destination. Cluster analysis was conducted to help identify groupings on perceptual
maps. Seven destination groups were identified by cluster analysis. On the basis of perceptual maps, the competitive advantages and weaknesses of the seven destination groups in Asia Pacific were discussed. The study not only proposed a new methodology of combining multidimensional scaling
with cluster analysis in interpreting perceptual maps but also revealed implications of this method in enhancing or sustaining competitiveness of destinations within the ever-changing tourism market.
MR imaging of carcinoma cervix
Authors: Mahajan Mangal , Kuber Rajesh , Chaudhari K , Chaudhari Prashant , Ghadage Pravin , Naik Rushikesh
Published: October 2013

Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy and a frequent cause of death. Patient outcome depends on tumor stage, size, nodal status, and histological grade. Correct tumor staging is important to decide the the treatment strategy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is accepted as a preferred imaging modality to assess the prognostic factors.
Call-Fleming syndrome
Authors: Skandhan Avni Kalangott Padmanabhan , Ramakrishnan Kollengode Gopalakrishnan , Anand Rajeev
Published: October 2013

Call-Fleming syndrome is a part of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) group and is thought to be of idiopathic origin. It is classically described to be having multisegmental, focal vasospasms in the cerebral arteries. It is characterized clinically by the sudden onset of severe headache, classically described as thunderclap headache, with or without associated neurological deficits. The importance of it lies in that it is a potentially reversible cause of this clinical presentation, unlike its other counterparts, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or vasculitis.
Cavernous hemangioma located at the foramen of Monro: Radiopathological correlation
Authors: Bhatia Sonia , Kapoor Abhay K , Gupta Rajiv , Sahni Tushar
Published: October 2013

Intraventricular cavernous hemangiomas are rare. Amongst them, cavernomas located at the foramen of Monro are of greater interest because of their rare location, varied symptoms, and often association with hydrocephalus. We present a rare case of cavernous hemangioma located at foramen of Monro, with its radiopathological confirmation.
Herniation of spinal cord into nerve root avulsion pseudomeningocele: A rare cause of delayed progressive neurological deficit
Authors: Moses Justin Edmund , Bansal Sanjay Kumar , Goyal Deepak
Published: October 2013

We present a patient with old traumatic right brachial plexus injury, who developed progressive neurological deterioration 4 years after the initial injury. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), herniation of the upper dorsal cord was noted into a post-traumatic pseudomeningocele. Though the herniation of cord into a post-traumatic pseudomeningocele is very rare, it should be suspected in cases of delayed progressive myelopathy. A three dimensional (3-D) T2-weighted sequence such as Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolution (SPACE) or constructive interference in steady state (CISS) provides optimal visualization of the herniated cord and helps in surgical planning.
Rare complications of cesarean scar
Authors: Mahajan Divyesh , Kang Mandeep , Sandhu Manavjit Singh , Jain Vanita , Kalra Naveen , Khandelwal Niranjan
Published: October 2013

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) and cesarean scar dehiscence (CSD) are the most dreaded complications of cesarean scar (CS). As the incidence of CS is increasing worldwide, so is the incidence of CSP, especially in cases with assisted reproduction techniques. It is of utmost importance to diagnose CSP in the early first trimester, as it can lead to myometrial rupture with fatal outcome. On the other hand, CSD may be encountered during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. CSD in the postpartum period is very rare and can cause secondary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) leading to increased maternal morbidity or even death if not diagnosed and managed promptly. Both complications can be diagnosed on ultrasonography (USG) and confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These two conditions carry high morbidity and mortality. In this article, we highlight the role of imaging in the early diagnosis and management of these conditions.
Acute traumatic orbital encephalocele: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Jaiswal Manish , Sundar I. Vijay , Gandhi Ashok , Purohit Devendra , Mittal R. S.
Published: October 2013

Orbital roof fractures after a blunt injury are an uncommon complication of trauma. Traumatic encephaloceles in the orbital cavity are even rarer, with only 15 cases published till date. Raised intraorbital pressure leading to irreversible damage to the optic nerve can be prevented by early diagnosis and management. Orbital computed tomography (CT) with thin axial and coronal sections is helpful in trauma patients with a concurrent orbital trauma. Decompression of the orbital roof is the key step in surgical treatment and should be performed in every case. Repairing the orbital roof has to be performed to avoid transmission of variation in the intracranial pressure to the orbit. We present a case of traumatic orbital encephalocele who underwent surgical treatment via a frontobasal approach with evacuation of the contused herniated brain and reconstruction of the orbital roof using temporalis fascia which is readily available in contrast to costly materials like titanium mesh, screws, bone powder, fibrin glue, and so on, which are not easily available in every hospital. Rapid resolution of proptosis and visual symptoms along with excellent cosmetic outcome was seen at follow‑ups after three and nine months. We emphasize the early diagnosis of this rare condition and also emergency treatment to prevent permanent visual loss as well as to achieve good cosmetic results.
Nursing students’ attitude towards suicide attempters: A study from rural part of Northern India
Authors: Nebhinani Mamta , Nebhinani Naresh , Tamphasana T. , Gaikwad Achla D.
Published: October 2013

Context: Majority of health professionals have unfavorable attitudes towards patients presenting with self‑harm, which further compromises their willingness and outcome of care. Aims: To assess the nursing students’ attitudes toward suicide attempters. Settings and Design: Cross‑sectional study was conducted in two nursing colleges of north India. Material and Methods: Three hundred and eight nursing students were recruited through total enumeration method from May to June 2012. ‘Suicide opinion questionnaire’ was administered to assess their attitudes towards suicide attempters. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics was employed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 14.0 for Windows. Results: Majority were single females, from urban locality, with the mean age of 20 years. Only minority had previous exposure to suicide prevention programs and management of such cases. Majority of students agreed for mental illness, disturbed family life, and depression as major push to attempt suicide. They held favorable attitude for half of the attitudinal statement, but they were uncertain for rest half of the statements. Conclusions: They generally had favorable attitude towards suicide attempters. Their uncertain response highlights the need for enhancing educational exposure of nursing students and new staff at the earliest opportunity, to carve their favorable attitude towards patients presenting with self‑harm.
The first step in Data Analysis: Transcribing and managing qualitative research data
Authors: Stuckey Heather
Published: October 2013

Researchers need to take data from the spoken text (structured, unstructured, or narrative interviews) to written form for analysis. Typically this is handled through deidentifying the participants and transcribing the data, and is considered the first step in analysis. The accuracy of the transcription plays a role in determining the accuracy of the data that are analyzed and with what degree of dependability. Analysis begins after reviewing the first interview to examine whether participants are responding to the research question related to your area of interest in diabetes, or whether your interview guide needs refining. As each interview is completed, the researcher examines its content to determine what has been learned and what still needs to be discovered or needs elaboration. Moving from raw interviews to evidence-based interpretations requires preparing transcripts so they will be ready to code. Before moving directing to analysis (or coding), it is important to recognize the task of handling the qualitative research data during and after the interview. This paper describes the process of transcription and handling the qualitative data related to diabetes research.
People with diabetes in Estonia: Standard of living, aspects of health, and coping behavior
Authors: Laidmäe Virve-Ines , Tuisk Tarmo , Tammer-Jäätes Ulvi
Published: October 2013

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that aggravate everyday life, health status, living conditions, economic coping, medical rehabilitation, and training needs of people with diabetes. Materials and Methods: In 2001, in cooperation with the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Estonia and the Institute for European Studies, the Estonian Chamber for Disabled People conducted a survey among people with different disabilities. The survey also included people living with diabetes. A total of 974 people were surveyed; 86 of them had diabetes. The data were analyzed using frequency tables. The results reflect the subjective opinions of the people surveyed. Results: There are more women (64%) among people with diabetes than men. The disease is more frequent among the older population (74% in the age group of 26-45 years). Persons living with diabetes display a variety of health complaints (vision problems, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, tooth decay, etc.). Of the people surveyed, 75% are satisfied with the medical care they have received. Of the people with diabetes, 63% were hospitalized for 6-30 days during the past year. The need for a helper was often (63%) cited as something that would facilitate coping with everyday life. Catering services are especially important for persons living with diabetes (30%), but the need for a conversation partner was also highlighted (21%). Conclusions: The efficiency of the impact of adjustment courses should be considered more. There is an apparent contradiction - although they are of working age, not everyone can find work. People with diabetes rarely have the courage to talk about the difficulties they are faced with in their everyday life. Help and financial support from the state are needed to solve the problems. The organization itself could do a lot more favorable conditions for its activities, which were established.
Concerns about hypoglycemia in India: The Diabetes Attitudes Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Sahay Rakesh , Unnikrishnan Ambika
Published: October 2013

Hypoglycemia is an important complication of diabetes management, associated with both acute and chronic medical implications. Hypoglycemia is also associated with significant psychosocial stress. The recently conducted second Diabetes Attitudes Wishes and Needs study (DAWN2) explores this aspect of hypoglycemia. This brief communication discusses data related to worry about hypoglycemia in the Indian cohort of people with diabetes and family members. It suggests strategies to reduce this avoidable stress.
The spectral density of the scattering matrix of the magnetic Schrödinger operator for high energies
Authors: Bulger Daniel , Pushnitski Alexander
Published: October 2013

The scattering matrix of the Schrödinger operator with smooth short-range electric and magnetic potentials is considered. The asymptotic density of the eigenvalues of this scattering matrix in the high energy regime is determined. An explicit formula for this density is given. This formula involves only the magnetic vector-potential.
Uniform stability of the Dirichlet spectrum for rough outer perturbations
Authors: Colbois Bruno , Girouard Alexandre , Iversen Mette
Published: October 2013

The goal of this paper is to study the Dirichlet eigenvalues of bounded domains

\Omega\subset\Omega'

. With a local spectral stability requirement on

\Omega

, we show that the difference of the Dirichlet eigenvalues of

\Omega'

and

\Omega

is explicitly controlled from above in terms of the first eigenvalue of

\Omega'\setminus\bar{\Omega}

and of geometric constants depending on the inner domain

\Omega

. In particular,

\Omega'

can be an arbitrary bounded domain.
Network Context, Trust and Success. Evidence from Regional Governance Networks in Norway
Authors: Jacobsen Dag Ingvar
Published: October 2013

While our knowledge on the form and functioning of networks increases, we have little knowledge on the effects of network context on the impact of governance networks. This study focuses on contextual elements and their effect on perceived network outcomes on three dimensions – service provision, solving “wicked” problems, and exerting external influence - controlling for trust and consensus. Data from 11 governance networks in Norway are combined with individual data on trust, consensus and outcomes. Results indicate that contextual factors have significant effects on network outcomes, particularly on the ability to solve complex problems and on external influence. Possible mechanisms are discussed, and implications for future studies of governance networks are outlined.