bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Furan‐Based Bionanocomposites Reinforced with a Hybrid System of Carbon Nanofillers
Authors: Walkowiak Konrad , Paszkiewicz Sandra , Irska Izabela , Kochmanska Agnieszka , Dydek Kamil , Boczkowska Anna , Stanik Rafal , Gude Mike , Linares Amelia , Ezquerra Tiberio
Published: March 2023

Bionanocomposites based on poly(trimethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate)‐block‐poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTF‐b‐F‐PTMO) with various contents of carbon nanofibers, graphene nanoplatelets and a hybrid system of these nanoparticles are synthesized via in situ polymerization. The dispersion of nanoparticles in the nanocomposites is determined using a scanning electron microscope and optical microscopy images. The thermal properties are studied employing differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The melt viscosity of the synthesized materials is determined using rheological measurements. Mechanical properties, along with the thermal and electrical conductivity, are also analyzed. The synthesized polymer nanocomposites are processed using injection molding and they display mechanical properties of elastomers during mechanical testing, which indicates that the obtained materials are, in fact, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE). Compared to a neat matrix (PTF‐b‐F‐PTMO 50/50), the incorporation of nanoparticles causes an increase in the value of the degree of crystallinity and the value of the tensile modulus values (E) of the nanocomposites. Such reinforced bionanocomposites are especially interesting from an applicative point of view. They can be used as components of fuel systems, bumpers, or cupholders.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregation‐Released Extracellular Vesicles Induce CD31+EMCN+ Vessels in Skin Regeneration and Improve Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Liu Lu , Zheng Chen‐Xi , Zhao Na , Zhu Ting , Hu Cheng‐Biao , Zhang Nan , Chen Ji , Zhang Kai‐Chao , Zhang Sha , Liu Jie‐Xi , Zhang Kai , Jing Huan , Sui Bing‐Dong , Jin Yan , Jin Fang
Published: March 2023

The blood vessel system is essential for skin homeostasis and regeneration. While the heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cells has been emergingly revealed, whether a regeneration‐relevant vessel subtype exists in skin remains unknown. Herein, a specialized vasculature in skin featured by simultaneous CD31 and EMCN expression contributing to the regeneration process is identified, the decline of which functionally underlies the impaired angiogenesis of diabetic nonhealing wounds. Moreover, enlightened by the developmental process that mesenchymal condensation induces angiogenesis, it is demonstrated that mesenchymal stem/stromal cell aggregates (CAs) provide an efficacious therapy to enhance regrowth of CD31+EMCN+ vessels in diabetic wounds, which is surprisingly suppressed by pharmacological inhibition of extracellular vesicle (EV) release. It is further shown that CAs promote secretion of angiogenic protein‐enriched EVs by proteomic analysis, which directly exert high efficacy in boosting CD31+EMCN+ vessels and treating nonhealing diabetic wounds. These results add to the current knowledge on skin vasculature and help establish feasible strategies to benefit wound healing under diabetic condition.
MY‐1‐Loaded Nano‐Hydroxyapatite Accelerated Bone Regeneration by Increasing Type III Collagen Deposition in Early‐Stage ECM via a Hsp47‐Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Yanli Zhang , Jiayao Mo , Chunqing Zheng , Yuting Zeng , Zhiyan Zhou , Yulin Zhang , Minghan Li , Longquan Shao , Dehong Yang , Wenjuan Yan
Published: March 2023

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial part in regulating stem cell function through its distinctive mechanical and chemical effect. Therefore, it is worth studying how to activate the driving force of osteoblast cells by dynamic changing of ECM and accelerate the bone regeneration. In this research, a novel peptide MY‐1 is designed and synthesized. To achieve its sustained releasing, the nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHA) is chosen as the carrier of MY‐1 by mixed adsorption. The results reveal that the sustainable releasing of MY‐1 regulates the synthesis and secretion of ECM from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), which promotes the cell migration and osteogenic differentiation in the early stage of bone regeneration. Further analyses demonstrate that MY‐1 increases the expression and nuclear translocation of β‐catenin, and then upregulates the level of heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47), thereby accelerating the synthesis and secretion of type III collagen (Col III) at the early stage. Finally, the promoted rapid transformation of Col III to Col I at late stage benefits the bone regeneration. Hence, this study can provide a theoretical basis for the local application of MY‐1 in bone regeneration.
Multiple Resonance Organoboron OLED Emitters with High Efficiency and High Color Purity via Managing Long‐ and Short‐Range Charge‐Transfer Excitations
Authors: Huang Feng , Fan Xiao‐Chun , Cheng Ying‐Chun , Xie Yue , Luo Shulin , Zhang Tao , Wu Hao , Xiong Xin , Yu Jia , Zhang Dan‐Dan , Chen Xian‐Kai , Wang Kai , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: March 2023

Multiple resonance (MR) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are very promising in the high‐resolution and high‐efficiency displays, due to their narrow and highly efficient optical emissions. Early MR‐TADF cores that show only short‐range charge‐transfer (CT) electronic excitations hardly afford ideal performances (e.g., show low efficiencies) in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). This work thus designs and synthesizes two MR‐TADF emitters (TCzBN‐BP and TCzBN‐FP), where the same MR core TCzBN is chemically modified by the acceptor fragments benzophenone/9‐fluorenone (BP/FP) to incorporate long‐range CT excitations in the two molecules. OLEDs exploiting TCzBN‐BP as emitter, in which short‐range CT excitation is dominant in the first singlet (S1) excited state, achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 35.6% and a narrow emission bandwidth of 35 nm. In contrast, OLEDs exploiting TCzBN‐FP with an overloaded long‐range CT excitation in the S1 state exhibit a maximum EQE of 27.2% and a broadened emission bandwidth of 56 nm. This work not only shows the importance of careful management of long‐ and short‐range CT excitations, but also provides a new insight into the structure–property relationship in the MR‐TADF emitters, which thus promotes the design of more novel MR‐TADF emitters with high efficiencies and high color purity.
Programming of Multicellular Patterning with Mechano‐Chemically Microstructured Cell Niches
Authors: Newman Peter L. H. , Yip Queenie , Osteil Pierre , Anderson Tim A. , Sun Jane Q. J. , Kempe Daryan , Biro Maté , Shin Jae‐Won , Tam Patrick P. L. , Zreiqat Hala
Published: March 2023

Multicellular patterning of stem‐cell‐derived tissue models is commonly achieved via self‐organizing activities triggered by exogenous morphogenetic stimuli. However, such tissue models are prone to stochastic behavior, limiting the reproducibility of cellular composition and forming non‐physiological architectures. To enhance multicellular patterning in stem cell‐derived tissues, a method for creating complex tissue microenvironments endowed with programmable multimodal mechano‐chemical cues, including conjugated peptides, proteins, morphogens, and Young's moduli defined over a range of stiffnesses is developed. The ability of these cues to spatially guide tissue patterning processes, including mechanosensing and the biochemically driven differentiation of selected cell types, is demonstrated. By rationally designing niches, the authors engineered a bone‐fat assembly from stromal mesenchyme cells and regionalized germ layer tissues from pluripotent stem cells. Through defined niche‐material interactions, mechano‐chemically microstructured niches enable the spatial programming of tissue patterning processes. Mechano‐chemically microstructured cell niches thereby offer an entry point for enhancing the organization and composition of engineered tissues, potentiating structures that better recapitulate their native counterparts.
APOE ε4 influences within and between network functional connectivity in posterior cortical atrophy and logopenic progressive aphasia
Authors: Singh Neha Atulkumar , Martin Peter R. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Machulda Mary M. , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Ertekin‐Taner Nilufer , Josephs Keith A. , Whitwell Jennifer L.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Presence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 has shown greater predisposition to medial temporal involvement in posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA). Little is known about its influence on memory network connectivity, a network comprised of medial temporal structures.

Methods

Fifty‐eight PCA and 82 LPA patients underwent structural and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Bayesian hierarchical linear models assessed the influence of APOE ε4 on within and between‐network connectivity for five networks.

Results

APOE ε4 carriers showed reduced memory and language within‐network connectivity in LPA and increased salience within‐network connectivity in PCA compared to non‐carriers. Between‐network analysis showed evidence of reduced DMN connectivity in APOE ε4 carriers, with reduced DMN‐to‐salience and DMN‐to‐language network connectivity in PCA, and reduced DMN‐to‐visual network connectivity in LPA.

Discussion

The APOE genotype influences brain connectivity, both within and between‐networks, in atypical Alzheimer's disease. However, there was evidence that the modulatory effects of APOE differ across phenotype.

HIGHLIGHTS

APOE genotype is associated with reductions in within‐network connectivity for the memory and language networks in LPA

APOE genotype is associated with reductions in language‐to‐visual connectivity in LPA and PCA

APOE genotype has no effect on the memory network in PCA
An out‐of‐equilibrium definition of protein turnover
Authors: Martin Benjamin , Suter David M.
Published: March 2023

Protein turnover (PT) has been formally defined only in equilibrium conditions, which is ill‐suited to quantify PT during dynamic processes that occur during embryogenesis or (extra) cellular signaling. In this Hypothesis, we propose a definition of PT in an out‐of‐equilibrium regime that allows the quantification of PT in virtually any biological context. We propose a simple mathematical and conceptual framework applicable to a broad range of available data, such as RNA sequencing coupled with pulsed‐SILAC datasets. We apply our framework to a published dataset and show that stimulation of mouse dendritic cells with LPS leads to a proteome‐wide change in PT. This is the first quantification of PT out‐of‐equilibrium, paving the way for the analysis of biological systems in other contexts.
Hospitalizations in Australian children with neuroblastoma: A population‐based study
Authors: Signorelli C. , Schneuer F. J. , Wakefield C. E. , McLoone J. K. , Trahair T. , Cohn R. J. , Nassar N.
Published: March 2023

Background

An increasing number of children diagnosed with both low‐ and high‐risk neuroblastoma are surviving. Yet, treatment can be intensive and often multimodal, especially for high‐risk neuroblastoma, resulting in significant long‐term health problems. We aimed to describe neuroblastoma survivors' pediatric hospitalizations, readmissions, and their associated costs.

Method

We conducted a population‐based study of all children (<18 years) residing in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and hospitalized with a recorded diagnosis of neuroblastoma during 2001–2020. We used linked NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection and death registration data to examine the frequency, length of stay, and readmissions following the first admission when neuroblastoma was diagnosed (i.e., the index admission), and the associated hospitalization costs by age and timing postindex admission discharge.

Results

In total, 300 children (64% aged <3 years) were hospitalized for neuroblastoma over the study period. The median number of readmissions and length of stay within 2 years postdischarge were 17 (interquartile range IQR: 5.5–25) and 45.5 (IQR: 10–125) days, and median cost per child was AUD$124,058 (IQR $34,217–$264,627). Following discharge from the index admission, there were 7088 readmissions (median: 20 per child, IQR: 7–29). Fifty‐eight percent of readmissions occurred within 1‐year postdischarge, primarily due to fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and respiratory conditions.

Conclusion

The burden of health problems requiring hospitalization among neuroblastoma survivors results in significant associated healthcare costs, warranting further efforts to optimize health care for neuroblastoma survivors that focuses on early intervention and long‐term monitoring.
A nomogram for the prediction of the survival of patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer and interstitial lung disease
Authors: Xiu Weigang , Zheng Jincheng , Zhou Yuwen , Du He , Li Jiayu , Li Wei , Zhou Fei , Zhou Caicun , Wu Fengying
Published: March 2023

Background

Lung cancer is frequently accompanied by interstitial lung disease (ILD), and the overall survival (OS) of patients with these comorbidities is poor. Thus, we developed a nomogram for the prediction of the OS of patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ILD.

Patients and Methods

Patients with wild‐type gene advanced NSCLC with and without ILD who underwent chemotherapy between 2014 and 2019 were enrolled in the present study. The 0.5‐ and 1‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times of patients with and without ILD were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression was used to assess the prognostic value of clinical factors for patients with ILD. Based on the multivariate regression results, a nomogram for survival prediction was developed. The nomogram was validated using calibration curve.

Results

Data from 155 patients with lung cancer and ILD and 118 matched patients with lung cancer alone who were receiving first‐line chemotherapy were analyzed. The first‐line chemotherapy regimens were paclitaxel + carboplatin, pemetrexed + carboplatin, gemcitabine + carboplatin, and other. The median PFS and OS were significantly shorter in patients with than in those without ILD (3.0 vs. 7.0 months [p < 0.001] and 7.0 vs. 15.0 months (p < 0.001), respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that the lymphocyte count (hazard ratio [HR] 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–3.94; p = 0.01), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2; HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03–1.82; p = 0.03), and chemotherapy regimen were independently associated with prognosis. The nomogram showed good discriminatory ability [C‐index = 0.69 (95% CI, 0.49–0.82)]. Calibration curves showed that predicted and actual prognoses were consistent.

Conclusion

This nomogram can aid the prediction of the OS of patients with advanced NSCLC and ILD.
Tailoring Hydrogen‐Bonding Strategy for Sequence‐Dependent and Thermo/pH Dual‐Responsive Clusteroluminescence
Authors: Li Dongyun , Sun Yue , Zhang Weidong , Zhang Zhengbiao
Published: March 2023

Rational design of monomer sequence for desired properties is challenging. This study investigates the effect of monomer distribution of double hydrophilic copolymers (DHCs) with electron‐rich units on cluster triggered emission (CTE) capacity. By means of combining latent monomer strategy, reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and selective hydrolysis technology, the random, pseudo di‐block and the gradient DHCs consisting of pH‐responsive polyacrylic acid (PAA) segments and thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) segments were successfully synthesized in a controlled manner. Moreover, the gradient DHCs showed a tremendously increased luminescent intensity due to the distinct hydrogen‐bonding interaction compared to random and pseudo di‐block DHCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported the direct correlation between luminescent intensity and sequence structure of non‐conjugated polymer. Meanwhile, thermo and pH dual‐responsive clusteroluminescence could be easily performed. This work demonstrates a novel and facile method to tailor the hydrogen‐bonding for the stimuli‐responsive light‐emitting polymers.
Novel use of riboflavin as a fluorescent tracer in the dissemination of aerosol and splatter in an open operatory dental clinic
Authors: Emery Morgan A. , Reed Donald , McCracken Barbara
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the ensuing rise of the COVID‐19 pandemic have impacted healthcare unprecedentedly. With the scarcity of available resources, including healthcare providers themselves, novel methods for tracking aerosol and splatter in real time are required to alleviate demand and increase safety. This study evaluates the utility of riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a tracer for splatter/aerosol distribution from ultrasonic scaling in an open operatory clinic.

Material and Methods

In two experimental designs, ultrasonic scaling was performed on 18 volunteers or simulated on a manikin. Riboflavin was introduced into the irrigation system, and aerosol and splatter dissemination were evaluated for both experimental designs.

Results

Ultrasonic scaling utilizing riboflavin solution, in volunteers and manikins, leads to observable particle fluorescence under UV light. Contamination distribution varied across the different suction methods and between the volunteer and manikin trials. Nearly all observed incidences of contamination occurred within the operatory in use.

Conclusions

Riboflavin can be used with minimal risk during dental procedures and allows for the detection of droplet spread in clinical settings in real time.
Hemp yield and cannabinoid concentrations under variable nitrogen and potassium fertilizer rates
Authors: James Maggie S. , Vann Matthew C. , Suchoff David H. , McGinnis Michelle , Whipker Brian E. , Edmisten Keith L. , Gatiboni Luciano C.
Published: March 2023

With the passing of the 2014 US farm bill, there is more interest in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L. < 0.3% total tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) grown for cannabinoid production. However, production recommendations that outline fertilizer requirements of cannabidiol (CBD) hemp do not exist. Our primary objective was to identify nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizer rates for maximizing biomass and CBD yield. A secondary objective was to identify the relationships between N and K rates and total THC and total CBD concentrations. Fertilizer rates from 0 to 224 kg N and 0 to 185 kg K ha−1 were tested separately at four general locations in North Carolina. Two locations were used in 2019 and 2020, while the other two were used only in 2020. Dry weight yield was predicted to increase linearly from 1822 to 3384 kg biomass ha−1 as N rate increased from 0 to 86.8 kg ha−1. Nitrogen rates above 86.8 kg ha−1 were not predicted to increase biomass. Likewise, as N rate increased from 0 to 84.2 kg N ha−1, CBD yield was predicted to increase linearly from 204 to 389 kg CBD ha−1. Additional N was not predicted to increase CBD yield. The CBD and THC concentrations showed a slight bell‐shaped response curve over increasing N rates, ranging from 11.33% to 12.11% and 0.473% to 0.509%, respectively. Potassium application did not affect yield nor CBD and THC concentrations. Results from this work indicate that N is a more limiting factor than K for maximizing CBD hemp biomass production.
EBUS ROSE‐guided cytological evaluations of intrathoracic lesions. Assessments of the pathological material adequacy and the diagnostic efficacy
Authors: Silav Zuhal Kuş , Çıkrıkçıoğlu Makbule , Aydemir Bülent , Yıldırım Mehmet
Published: March 2023

Background

Several clinical groups consider cytological assessment under EBUS (Endobronchial Ultrasonography)‐ROSE (Rapid Onsite Evaluation) as the golden standard for diagnosis and staging of intrathoracic lesions. On the other hand, some investigators proposed that EBUS‐TBNA (Transbronchial Needle Aspiration) has considerably high false‐negative rates for diagnosis. In this study, we analyzed our patient cohort (n = 152) with intrathoracic lesions and suspected malignancies evaluated by EBUS‐ROSE. Our specific aims were: (i) to determine whether EBUS‐ROSE could provide sufficient pathologic material for diagnosis and staging; (ii) to determine the fidelity of EBUS‐ROSE‐guided initial diagnoses in comparison to paraffin block diagnoses; (iii) to evaluate whether anatomical localization of sampled lymph nodes associate with material adequacy and final diagnoses.

Methods

NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System) 2020 Statistical Software (Utah, USA) was used for statistical analysis.

Results

In EBUS‐ROSE cytological assessment, material adequacy was determined in 50,7% (n = 77) of the cases. Considering the paraffin block pathology as the golden standart, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rates of EBUS‐ROSE were 90,2%, 93,1%, 94,8%, 87,1%, and 91,4%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the final pathology and EBUS cytology results (p > .05) with a non‐random Kappa agreement rate as 82.9%. There were differences in material adequacy and diagnoses according to the localization of sampled lymph node stations.

Conclusions

EBUS‐ROSE is efficient to decide for the adequacy of the pathological specimen and provides diagnoses with reliable fidelity.
Feline respiratory disease. Part 1: common causes and reaching a diagnosis
Authors: Cannon Martha
Published: March 2023

Background: Chronic nasal discharge and sneezing are common presenting signs in cats and can be caused by a number of underlying disorders, some of which can be effectively treated but others of which are among the most frustrating conditions we have to deal with. Secondary bacterial infections are a common complication whatever the primary aetiology, so there is often improvement in response to a course of antibiotics, but it is frequently only a temporary fix. Reaching a definitive diagnosis at an early stage identifies those conditions that can be treated effectively and leads to a better understanding of the prognosis for those that can't. Given the similarity in clinical signs for all underlying causes, reaching a diagnosis will require investigation under anaesthesia in most cases, but investigations can often be undertaken in first‐opinion practice without the need for referral.

Aim of the article: This article, the first in a two‐part series, will review common causes of nasal discharge in the UK cat population and the diagnostic investigations that can assist in reaching a definitive diagnosis. The second article, to be published in a subsequent issue of In Practice, will review current approaches to managing these conditions.
Evaluation of the effects of herpes simplex glycoprotein B on complement system and cytokines in in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yirün Anil , Çakır Deniz Arca , Sanajou Sonia , Erdemli Köse Selinay Başak , Özyurt Aylin Balcı , Zeybek Dilara , Bozdemir Özlem , Baydar Terken , Erkekoglu Pinar
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes memory loss and dementia and is characterized by a decline in cognitive functions. Brain infections, especially induced by herpes simplex virus type‐1 (HSV‐1), are suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Within the scope of this study, two different AD models (Tau model and amyloid beta [Aβ]) were created in the SH‐SY5Y cell line, and HSV glycoprotein B (gB) was applied to the cell line and on the generated AD models. Study groups (n = 3) were designed as (1) control, (2) HSV‐gB group, (3) retinoic acid (RA) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induced Alzheimer's model (AD), (4) RA and BDNF induced Alzheimer's model + HSV‐gB (ADH), (5) Aβ 1‐42 peptide‐induced Alzheimer's model (Aβ), and (6) Aβ 1‐42 peptide‐induced Alzheimer's model + HSV‐gB (AβH). Levels of complement proteins and cytokines were determined comparatively. In addition, specific markers of AD (hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins, Aβ 1‐40 peptide and amyloid precursor protein) were measured in all groups. HSV‐gB administration was found to increase Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau levels, similar to AD models. In addition, our data confirmed that the immune system and chronic inflammation might have a crucial role in AD development and that HSV‐1 infection might also be an underlying factor of AD.
Trendbericht: Photochemie
Authors: Dietzek‐Ivansic Benjamin , Tschierlei Stefanie , Schulz Martin , Karnahl Michael , Sinha Narayan , Thomisch Luise , Wenger Oliver S. , Heinze Katja
Published: March 2023

Die photochemische Forschung entwickelt unter anderem Photo(redox)katalysatoren, farbstoffsensibilisierte Solarzellen (DSSCs) und lichtemittierende Dioden (LED). Solche Systeme benötigen Moleküle, die Sonnenlicht absorbieren und für chemische Reaktionen nutzbar machen oder in definierten Wellenlängenbereichen emittieren. Bisher waren dies meist Edelmetallkomplexe. Ein Ziel ist es, Komplexe zu entwickeln, die billigere und besser verfügbare Metalle enthalten. Vielversprechende Ergebnisse gibt es für Systeme mit Kupfer, Mangan, Nickel, Molybdän, Zink und Chrom.
Plastic causing new disease of seabirds
Authors: Mills Georgina
Published: March 2023

Research has shown that extensive scarring seen in the stomachs of seabirds in Australia was caused by small pieces of plastic. Georgina Mills reports.
Boosting flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane: Synergistic effect of nickel phosphide nanoparticles and molybdenum disulfide nanosheets
Authors: Feng Xiaming , Yang Hongyu
Published: March 2023

For the first time, a novel nanohybrid based on nickel phosphide (Ni2P) nanoparticles and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets was facilely synthesized for enhancing flame retardancy and smoke suppression of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The synergistic effect on flame retardancy is proposed. TPU composite with 2 wt% Ni2P/MoS2 hybrid exhibits the best overall flame retardancy, while TPU composites with the same amount of individual Ni2P nanoparticles and MoS2 nanosheets are average in performance. Specifically, the 41.2% reduction of peak heat release rate (PHRR) is achieved for TPU/Ni2P/MoS2 composite, which is only 16.8% and 26.4% for TPU/Ni2P and TPU/MoS2 composites, respectively. In addition, a more intact protective char layer of TPU/Ni2P/MoS2 composite can be observed. These results clearly suggest the synergistic effect between Ni2P nanoparticles and MoS2 nanosheets. It is hypothesized that physical barrier effect and chemical catalytic ability of Ni2P/MoS2 hybrid contribute to the dramatic reduction of heat release and smoke production. The strategy proposed here is a simple yet efficient approach to fabricate high‐performance MoS2‐based flame retardants.
The Human Genome Project(s)
Authors: García-Sancho Miguel , Lowe James
Published: March 2023

This chapter explores the proliferation of national human genome projects from the mid-1980s onwards. It argues that what is known today as the ‘Human Genome Project’ was an amalgamation of some of these efforts into the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (IHGSC). Different conceptions of the way human genomics should be conducted are explored, and the mechanisms through which these harnessed and excluded particular communities are explicated by comparing the national human genome projects in the USA and UK. We highlight the exceptionality of the IHGSC effort in its organisation, exclusivity, and orientation. The co-existence of other, more distributed models of human genomics—more aligned with the interests of medical geneticists—shows that the shift to concentrated and comprehensive whole genome efforts was not the only path open.
The Funnelling Effect of the Sanger Institute
Authors: García-Sancho Miguel , Lowe James
Published: March 2023

In this chapter, we focus on an institution that represents the exclusivity of the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (IHGSC) while also contributing to the ‘funnelling effect’ that shaped it: the Sanger Institute. After situating its origins in the sequencing of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, we portray the Sanger Institute as a driver in the formation of the IHGSC and as an advocate for the concentration of its membership into a few high-throughput sequencing centres. The intensification of this genome centre model, alongside competition with the corporate sequencing effort led by Celera Genomics, shaped the formation of the IHGSC. As a result, the large-scale production of sequence data became an increasingly differentiated and exclusive practice undertaken by its members. Conversely, the smaller laboratories that used this data in their own genetics research were sidelined from the determination of the human reference sequence.
Teilstudie I: Machen Kinder unglücklich?
Authors: Maly-Motta Hanna
Published: March 2023

Bis jetzt liefert die Forschung zu dieser Frage vorwiegend uneindeutige Ergebnisse. Unter Berücksichtigung zentraler Merkmale von Elternschaft (z. B. des Ausmaßes der erlebten Belastung in der Elternrolle oder kindlicher Verhaltensanforderungen) wird dieser Frage in der vorliegenden Teilstudie erstmals noch differenzierter als in bisherigen Studien nachgegangen. Datengrundlage bildet der DJI-Survey Aufwachsen in Deutschland: Alltagswelten (AID:A II). In den Analysen zeigen sich durchaus positive Elternschaftseffekte für das elterliche Wohlbefinden im Vergleich zu kinderlosen Personen, wenn Elternschaft mit günstigen Rahmenbedingungen zusammenfällt, etwa wenn das Kind als wenig anspruchsvoll erlebt wird oder das Belastungserleben in der Elternrolle niedrig ausfällt. Für die Partnerschaftszufriedenheit bedeuten Kinder jedoch immer eine Herausforderung, die kinderlose Paare so nicht erleben. Zentrales Resumée der Ergebnisse ist, dass es bei diesem Vergleich Fingerspitzengefühl bedarf. Elternschaft sowie Kinderlosigkeit können aus ganz unterschiedlichen individuellen oder äußeren Beweggründen gewählt werden oder entstehen. Das macht diese Vergleichsgruppen zu einer bunten Mischung aus Individuen, die nicht immer ohne weiteres miteinander verglichen werden können. Ein genaues Verständnis für die Zusammensetzung und die Beweggründe beider Gruppen ist daher wichtige Voraussetzung für die Forschung.
Effects of different processing methods on the polyphenolic compounds profile and the antioxidant and anti-glycaemic properties of horseradish roots (Armoracia rusticana)
Authors: Karafyllaki Dimitra , Narwojsz Agnieszka , Kurp Lidia , Sawicki Tomasz
Published: March 2023

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) provides human organisms with various effective treatments for improving human health, and it constitutes a salubrious root used for culinary purposes. This outcome derives from the chemical composition and polyphenols content of horseradish. This study's objective was to determine individual polyphenols, total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents, colour parameters, inhibition of advanced glycation end product (AGEs) formation and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) by DPPH and ABTS of horseradish products. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were analysed by HPLC-DAD-MS method. Horseradish products were obtained by thermal treatments such as boiling, baking and sous-vide. Fresh and sous-vide samples were characterized by the most abundant TPC values, whereas TFC horseradish indicated the highest value after boiling treatment. Moreover, the highest values of antioxidant capacity in fresh horseradish roots were detected. Flavonoids presented lower concentrations than phenolic acids, while syringic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound. Horseradish, after sous-vide treatment, appeared to have a higher inhibition of AGEs formation. Thermal treatment of horseradish root increased the saturation of yellow (b*) and red (a*) colours and decreased colour brightness. Our findings indicate that horseradish products are a valuable source of polyphenols, with their profile, content, and antioxidant and anti-AGEs formation activity modulated by applied processes.
Final state observability estimates and cost-uniform approximate null-controllability for bi-continuous semigroups
Authors: Kruse Karsten , Seifert Christian
Published: March 2023

We consider final state observability estimates for bi-continuous semigroups on Banach spaces, i.e. for every initial value, estimating the state at a final time$$T>0$$T>0by taking into account the orbit of the initial value under the semigroup for$$t\in [0,T]$$t∈[0,T], measured in a suitable norm. We state a sufficient criterion based on an uncertainty relation and a dissipation estimate and provide two examples of bi-continuous semigroups which share a final state observability estimate, namely the Gauß–Weierstraß semigroup and the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck semigroup on the space of bounded continuous functions. Moreover, we generalise the duality between cost-uniform approximate null-controllability and final state observability estimates to the setting of locally convex spaces for the case of bounded and continuous control functions, which seems to be new even for the case of Banach spaces.
Global Three‐Dimensional Water Vapor Feature‐Tracking for Horizontal Winds Using Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder Data From Overlapped Tracks of Two Satellites
Authors: Ouyed Amir , Smith Nadia , Zeng Xubin , Galarneau Thomas , Su Hui , Dixon Ross D.
Published: March 2023

The lack of measurements of three‐dimensional (3D) distribution of horizontal wind vectors is a major challenge in atmospheric science. Here, we develop an algorithm to retrieve winds for nine pressure levels at 1° grid spacing from 70°N to 70°S. The retrieval is done by tracking water vapor from the hyperspectral Cross‐track Infrared Sounder aboard two polar satellites (NOAA‐20 and Suomi‐NPP) that have overlapped tracks separated by 50 min. We impose a gross error check by flagging retrievals that are too different from ERA‐5 reanalysis. Testing the algorithm for the first week of January and July 2020 indicates that our algorithm yields 104 wind profiles per day and these 3D winds qualitatively agree with ERA‐5. Compared with radiosonde data, the errors are within the range of reported errors of cloud‐tracking winds.
An integrated oxygen electrode derived from a flexible single-walled carbon nanotube film for rechargeable Zn-air batteries produced by electropolymerization
Authors: Meng Yu , Zhao Yi-Ming , Li Jin-Cheng , Shi Chao , Zhang Lili , Hou Peng-Xiang , Liu Chang , Cheng Hui-Ming
Published: March 2023

The development of low-cost, high-activity, and durable integrated bifunctional flexible air electrodes for use in Zn-air batteries is both challenging and important. We report a simple and scalable electropolymerization method used to prepare an electrode material comprising heavily N-doped carbon covering single-walled carbon nanotube (N/C-SWCNT) networks. The resulting core/shell structure of the hybrid electrode enabled the flexibility, mechanics, and three-dimensional interconnected porous structure of SWCNT films while containing abundant pyridinic N, which provided excellent catalytic activity for both the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (overpotential gap = 0.76 V). A binder-free Zn-air battery using the N/C-SWCNT film as an oxygen electrode was assembled and showed a high peak power density of 181 mW/cm2, a high specific capacity of 810 mAh/g and stable discharge‒charge cycling performance. We also constructed a flexible solid-state Zn-air battery featuring not only a high power density of 22 mW/cm2 but also good flexibility and stability.
Ultrastrong and fatigue-resistant bioinspired conductive fibers via the in situ biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose
Authors: Ling Zhang-Chi , Yang Huai-Bin , Han Zi-Meng , Zhou Zhan , Yang Kun-Peng , Sun Wen-Bin , Li De-Han , Liu Hao-Cheng , Yin Chong-Han , Guan Qing-Fang , Yu Shu-Hong
Published: March 2023

High-performance functional fibers play a critical role in various indispensable fields, including sensing, monitoring, and display. It is desirable yet challenging to develop conductive fibers with excellent mechanical properties for practical applications. Herein, inspired by the exquisite fascicle structure of skeletal muscle, we constructed a high-performance bacterial cellulose (BC)/carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive fiber through in situ biosynthesis and enhancement of structure and interaction. The biosynthesis strategy achieves the in situ entanglement of CNTs in the three-dimensional network of BC through the deposition of CNTs during the growth of BC. The structure enhancement through physical wet drawing and the interaction enhancement through chemical treatment facilitate orientation and bridging of components, respectively. Owing to the ingenious design, the obtained composite fibers integrate high strength (939 MPa), high stiffness (52.3 GPa), high fatigue resistance, and stable electrical performance, making them competitive for constructing fiber-based smart devices for practical applications.
A dataset on corporate sustainability disclosure
Authors: Tian Jinfang , Cheng Qian , Xue Rui , Han Yilong , Shan Yuli
Published: March 2023

Enterprises, as key emitters, play a vital role in promoting sustainable development. Corporate sustainability disclosure provides a key channel for stakeholders to gain insights into a company’s sustainability progress. However, few studies have been conducted to measure sustainability disclosure at the firm level. In this study, we apply the machine learning techniques to listed companies’ management discussion and analysis (MD&A) documents and construct a dataset on corporate sustainability disclosure, including the Corporate Sustainability Disclosure Index (CSDI), CSDI_Economic Dimension (CSDI_ECO), CSDI_Environmental Dimension (CSDI_ENV), and CSDI_Social Dimension (CSDI_SOCI). The dataset will be updated annually. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sustainability disclosure dataset constructed at the firm level. Our dataset reflects corporate managements’ sustainability attitudes and promotes the implementation of corporate sustainability strategies and subsequent sustainable economic and social outcomes.
Antimicrobial activity and comparative metabolomic analysis of Priestia megaterium strains derived from potato and dendrobium
Authors: Liu Jia-Meng , Liang Yan-Tian , Wang Shan-Shan , Jin Nuo , Sun Jing , Lu Cong , Sun Yu-Feng , Li Shu-Ying , Fan Bei , Wang Feng-Zhong
Published: March 2023

The growth of endophytic bacteria is influenced by the host plants and their secondary metabolites and activities. In this study,P. megateriumP-NA14 andP. megateriumD-HT207 were isolated from potato tuber and dendrobium stem respectively. They were both identified asPriestia megaterium. The antimicrobial activities and metabolites of both strains were explored. For antimicrobial activities, results showed thatP. megateriumP-NA14 exhibited a stronger inhibition effect on the pathogen of dendrobium, whileP. megateriumD-HT207 exhibited a stronger inhibition effect on the pathogen of potato. The supernatant ofP. megateriumP-NA14 showed an inhibition effect only onStaphylococcus aureus, while the sediment ofP. megateriumD-HT207 showed an inhibition effect only onEscherichia coli. For metabolomic analysis, the content ofL-phenylalanine inP. megateriumP-NA14 was higher than that ofP. megateriumD-HT207, and several key downstream metabolites ofL-phenylalanine were associated with inhibition ofS. aureusincluding tyrosine, capsaicin, etc. Therefore, we speculated that the different antimicrobial activities betweenP. megateriumP-NA14 andP. megateriumD-HT207 were possibly related to the content ofL-phenylalanine and its metabolites. This study preliminarily explored why the same strains isolated from different hosts exhibit different activities from the perspective of metabolomics.
Hydrogen peroxide emissions from surface cleaning in a single-family residence
Authors: Souza Pedro A. F. , Zhou Shan , Kahan Tara F.
Published: March 2023

High levels of reactive chemicals may be emitted to the indoor air during household surface cleaning, leading to poorer air quality and potential health hazards.
Tuning charcoal to functional reactive filter materials for groundwater defluoridation
Authors: Oladoja N. A. , Ajayi A. , Lawal I. A. , Ogunniyi J. A. , Helmreich B.
Published: March 2023

The surficial, textural, and chemical state of raw locally sourced charcoal was modified using acidic piranha solution for the production of functional reactive filter material for groundwater defluoridation.
Selective spectral absorption of nanofibers for color-preserving daytime radiative cooling
Authors: Li Xiangshun , Xu Huilin , Yang Yuchen , Li Faxue , Ramakrishna Seeram , Yu Jianyong , Ji Dongxiao , Qin Xiaohong
Published: March 2023

The color-preserving daytime radiative cooling can be achieved by selective spectral absorption of nanofibers.
N-Amino pyridinium salts in organic synthesis
Authors: Roychowdhury Pritam , Samanta Samya , Tan Hao , Powers David C.
Published: March 2023

This review summarizes the synthesis and reactivity of N-aminopyridinium salts, discusses applications in organic synthesis, and highlights the potential for these reagents to enable novel synthetic disconnections and innovations.
Periodic mesoporous organosilica based sensor for broad range mercury detection by simultaneous downshifting/upconversion luminescence
Authors: Liu Chunhui , Kaczmarek Anna M. , Jena Himanshu Sekhar , Yang Zetian , Poelman Dirk , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: March 2023

Lanthanide-based periodic mesoporous organosilica (LnPMO) hollow spheres with interior lanthanide-doped fluorides for luminescence turn-off sensing of Hg2+ with a low detection limit and wide detection range.
Mitigation of electrical treeing at high temperature in nano‐SiO2 doped epoxy resin
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Yang Yang , Yan Shuangshuang , Lei Zhipeng , Guo Meiqing
Published: March 2023

In this work, electrical tree inception and ageing experiments were conducted to investigate the initiation, growth characteristics and structural characteristics of electrical trees of nano‐SiO2 doped epoxy resin at different temperatures. Electrical tree inception and ageing experiments were conducted using power frequency voltage of 15 kV at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100°C. Electrical breakdown properties of epoxy resin were investigated by applying AC and DC voltages at 20, 40, 80 and 120°C. There are two major observations based on the experimental results. With the increase of temperature, the morphological structure of the electrical trees changes from dendritic to plexiform, the tree inception voltage decreases and the growth rate of the electrical trees increases obviously. Either under DC or AC voltage, the breakdown strength of the nano‐SiO2 doped epoxy resin decreases as the temperature increases. Finally, based on the space charge and the trap level measurement, the mechanism of the electrical tree propagation and breakdown in nano‐SiO2 doped epoxy resin was analysed.
Supercomputer multiscale modeling of composite structures strength
Authors: Dimitrienko Y. , Yurin Yu. , Bogdanov I. , Zaharov A. , Sborshchikov S. , Baimurzin R. , Karimov S. , Yakhnovskiy A.
Published: March 2023

A method for multiscale supercomputer calculations of the composite structures strength has been developed. A feature of the proposed methodology is of division of the solution algorithm into 2 parts: solving problems at the micro level (in turn, these problems can consist of several sub-levels of calculation) and solving the problem at the macro level. Such a division, in which the solution of some problems is the input to problems at a higher level, helps to significantly reduce the consumption of computing resources. When solving problems, curvilinear anisotropy is taken into account at the macro level (structures), as well as at the micro level (composite material). The 3D finite element method was used for the numerical solution. To take into account curvilinear anisotropy, a special assembly algorithm is used, which requires the construction of anisotropy blocks (cells). A method is proposed for taking into account integral boundary conditions when solving problems of the linear theory of elasticity. A finite element modeling of the stress-strain state and damageability of a cylindrical structure with power ring elements has been carried out. As an example, textile composite materials (CM) with carbon and glass fibers are considered.
Modeling the edge effect in composites based on asymptotic homogenization method
Authors: Dimitrienko Yu. , Yurin Yu. , Chebakov D.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this work is to develop a numerical algorithm for solving the problem of calculating the stress-strain state of structures made of composite materials, taking into account edge effects. The solution of the problem is carried out by modifying the asymptotic averaging method by taking into account an additional solution of the boundary layer type, which quickly fades away from the boundary. This solution makes a significant contribution to the neighborhood of the composite surface itself. A numerical example of calculating an element of a composite structure with holes is given, which showed the feasibility of the proposed method. The calculations are compared with a three-dimensional finite element solution in the ANSYS software package.
Modeling of dynamic and spectral viscoelastic characteristics of composite materials
Authors: Valishin A. , Tinyaev M.
Published: March 2023

When designing products made of composite materials intended for use in difficult conditions of inhomogeneous deformations and temperatures, it is important to take into account viscoelastic, including spectral and dynamic, properties of the binder and fillers. The article considers dynamic characteristics (complex modulus, complex malleability, their real and imaginary parts, loss angle tangent) and spectral characteristics of relaxation and creep and their dependence on each other. The abovementioned characteristics were found for all known types of creep kernel and relaxation kernel. To find the spectral characteristics, one of the numerical methods of reversing the Laplace transformation was used - the method of quadrature formulas. Algorithms and computer programs have been compiled to implement this method.
Specific pressure under roller squeezing of leather
Authors: Turgunov K. , Annaev N. , Aliboev K. , Khurramov Sh.
Published: March 2023

The influence of factors on the width of the roller contact and the specific pressure under roller pressing of leather is analyzed in the article. As a result of experimental studies, the dependences of the width of the contact area and specific pressure on the intensity of the load, velocity, and diameter of the rollers were determined. It was revealed that the parameter of the technological specific pressure on the hide in the contact zone increases with an increase in the intensity of the load, the speed of rolls, the width of the contact area, and a decrease in the radius of rolls. An analytical dependence of the residual moisture content of leather on the specific pressure was determined. It was established that with an increase in specific pressure, the residual moisture content of leather decreases and asymptotically approaches a certain value of the function.