bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The collision between Big Data and privacy law
Authors: Wilson Steve
Published: May 2020

We live in an age where billionaires are self-made on the back of the most intangible of assets ─ the information they have about us. The digital economy is awash with data. It's a new and endlessly re-useable raw material, increasingly left behind by ordinary people going about their lives online. Many information businesses proceed on the basis that raw data is up for grabs; if an entrepreneur is clever enough to find a new vein of it, they can feel entitled to tap it in any way they like. However, some tacit assumptions underpinning today's digital business models are naive. Conventional data protection laws, older than the Internet, limit how Personal Information is allowed to flow. These laws turn out to be surprisingly powerful in the face of 'Big Data' and the 'Internet of Things'. On the other hand, orthodox privacy management was not framed for new Personal Information being synthesised tomorrow from raw data collected today. This paper seeks to bridge a conceptual gap between data analytics and privacy, and sets out extended Privacy Principles to better deal with Big Data.
Disruption and Experimentation
Authors: Dodd Andrew , Ewing Scott , Haley Ken
Published: May 2020

This paper is in two parts. It seeks to contextualise the myriad changes occurring to newspaper websites through consideration of a body of literature that explores the implications of the media disruption caused in part by the continual rise of digital media. The paper then reports on a study of six Australian newspaper websites, which were all analysed on the same day in July 2014. The study focused on several elements of each website, including their architecture, story form and content, as well as their business models and use of multimedia. This analysis seeks to assess how newspaper websites are adapting to change and how they are relating to both their own readers and to the printed versions of the same masthead.
A prospective observational analytical study on Rouviere’s sulcus: a single institutional study
Authors: Mishra Bana Bihari , Acharya Archana Kumari , Dash Jyoti Ranjan , Sahu Debabrata
Published: May 2020

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most commonly performed laparoscopic surgery worldwide. Safe cholecystectomy is the priority to reduce the morbidity and mortality. There is a paradigm shift from extensive Calot’s dissection to identification of Rouviere’s sulcus and lesser dissection. Identification and analysis of Rouviere’s sulcus will help us doing a safe cholecystectomy and avoiding further injuries to bile ducts.Methods: The study included 160 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, posted in elective OT and identified Rouviere’s sulcus during laparoscopy. Table visual inspection and analysis was done. And the collected data was analyzed for different types of sulcus, its position, morphology and content.Results: Of 160 cases, 147 cases had Rouviere’s sulcus. 13 cases did not have a sulcus. Open type sulcus was present in 99 cases, 35 had closed type, whereas 19 had slit type and only 7 had a scar like sulcus. The study showed 92% of our patients had Rouviere’s sulcus and of them 61.9% had an open type which was the most common type of sulcus of them 18 cases had a visible pulsating vessel in the floor of the sulcus i.e. posterior sectional pedicle in the sulcus.Conclusions: Present study showed, in 92% cases it is easy and approachable to visualise the Rouvier’s sulcus. So, it is feasible and beneficial to identify the sulcus and keep the dissection above this level to avoid common bile duct injury and further complication thereof.
Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the management of acute fibrinopurulent empyema in paediatric patients
Authors: Mitra Arti S. , Nagdeve Nilesh G. , Khatri Simran R. , Chandak Unmed A.
Published: May 2020

Background: Empyema is the presence of pus in the pleural space that usually follows an episode of pneumonia in pediatric age group. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of management of acute fibrinopurulent stage of empyema by early video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in paediatric patients.Methods: The study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in India. It was a prospective interventional observational study. The study included 40 children between age group 0-12 years attending the surgery in-patient department referred for further management of parapneumonic effusions who had clinical and radiological evidence of empyema and thoracocentesis confirmed purulent exudate in pleural cavity, were subjected to early VATS after thorough pre-operative workup.Results: The mean age was 7.22 years. Average operative time was 135.5 minutes. The mean duration of hospital stay was 7.5 days. Few complications were bleeding, superficial wound infection, bronchopleural fistula, pneumothorax, recurrence of empyema and incomplete expansion of lung.Conclusions: VATS facilitates the management of fibrinopurulent and organised pyogenic pleural empyema with less post-operative discomfort and complications and reduced hospital stay. However larger sample size study is required to come to a definitive conclusion.
A retrospective observational study of clinical profile, diagnosis, management and outcome of abdominal tuberculosis in 30 patients
Authors: Pancholi Mukesh , Meena Mahendra Kumar , Sharma Praveen , Chaudhary Devendra
Published: May 2020

Background: Abdominal tuberculosis is found worldwide although prevalence rates are still highest in the developing countries. The sites of involvement of abdominal tuberculosis are peritoneum, lymph nodes, intestine and solid viscera. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical profile of patients with abdominal tuberculosis, to review the use of diagnostic modalities, both non-invasive and invasive and to study the outcome of management of abdominal tuberculosis.Methods: This is an observational retrospective study of 30 patients with diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis treated at university linked teaching hospital of South Gujarat from August 2015 to November 2017.Results: In our study, disease was found almost equally prevalent in both rural and urban areas affecting mostly lower socio-economical class. The mean age was 34 years (range from 13 to 62); male and female ratio was 2.33:1; the mean hospital stay was 09 days (range from 5 to 48 days). Abdominal pain was present in almost all cases, having chronic pain in 21 patients and acute in 9 patients. There were 05 (16.7%) patients found to be HIV positive in this study. There was mortality of 02 patients post operatively due to sepsis in those patients operated in emergency with peritonitis.Conclusions: Abdominal tuberculosis is prevalent in lower socioeconomic class patients and affects younger male patients more commonly. Most commonly intestinal and mesenteric disease presented with chronic abdominal pain and constitutional symptoms of tuberculosis.
Closed loop small bowel obstruction due to mid urethral sling mesh
Authors: Alaoudi Marwan , Devanabanda Bhavana , Haj Roland , Louis Martine , Shah Darshak
Published: May 2020

Closed loop small bowel obstruction is a surgical emergency, which when left untreated leads to vascular compromise resulting in intestinal ischemia, necrosis and perforation. We report the case of a 61 years old female with past surgical history of hysterectomy and a mid-urethral sling, who presented to the emergency department for abdominal pain and obstipation. She was found on imaging to have a closed loop small bowel obstruction. An exploratory laparotomy revealed an adhesive band encompassing the distal terminal ileum, visceral peritoneum and the Mid‐urethral slings mesh. This is a rare complication that, to our knowledge, has not been reported in the surgical literature. This paper will discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic studies, therapeutic intervention and outcome of this unique case.
A rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Murali Abhishek , Krishnappa Rohit , Murugesh Rajesh B. , Rajagopalan S.
Published: May 2020

Gastric outlet obstruction is the clinical and pathophysiological consequence of any disease process that produces mechanical impediment to gastric emptying. It may be acute from inflammatory swelling and peristaltic dysfunction or chronic from cicatrix. Chronic inflammation of the duodenum may lead to recurrent episodes of healing followed by repair and scarring ultimately leading to fibrosis and stenosis of the duodenal lumen. We would like to present a unique case of an elderly lady presenting with intractable vomiting over 3 months, gradually progressive which aggravated on consuming solids initially to consuming liquids later. After thorough investigations a provisional diagnosis of chronic duodenal ulcer with gastric outlet obstruction probably due to cicatrix was made. On laparotomy there was a chronic scarred duodenal ulcer following a previously contained perforation which was causing the gastric outlet obstruction. Cholecystectomy, duodenoplasty and loop gastrojejunostomy was performed with no complications post-operatively. This is a rare case of previous contained duodenal perforation causing gastric outlet obstruction.
Lingual orthodontics - A review
Authors: Shetty Vikranth , Vikranth Shetty Shilpa , Sarje Sagar , Tandon Ragni , Singh Kamlesh
Published: May 2020

The introduction of lingual orthodontics led to correction of malocclusion with the appliance completely not seen in the oral cavity. The acceptance of lingual orthodontics is world wide. The cooperation and confidence level of the patient has increased with the invisible appliances. The Anchorage control, indirect bonding and biomechanics is completely different from labial technique. In this article the concept of lingual orthodontics has been highlighted.
Comparison of shear bond strength as affected by ozonated water, fluoride varnish & casein phosphopeptide – Amorphous calcium phosphate
Authors: Mathew Jejo , R Kumar Reena
Published: May 2020

A translatory research to validate antimicrobial and re-mineralization agents to reduce white spot lesions which would not unfavorably affect shear bond strength and focus on ozonated water being a valid and relatively inexpensive method for orthodontic patients to follow as a home follow up care.

Tooth surfaces of 60 Extracted Human Premolar Teeth were cleaned and divided into four groups of 20 each and then treated with fluoride varnish, CPP-ACP, Ozonated water and distilled water before bonding brackets and later subjected to SBS testing.

SBS of teeth treated with Ozone water and CPP-ACP were close to ideal SBS.

Ozone water is a valid and relatively inexpensive method for orthodontic patients to follow as a home follow up care.
Prevalence of dental malocclusion in stomatology hospital, Kabul-Afghanistan
Authors: Erfan Ozair , Khan Manizha , Nadir Sina Mohammad
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of different types of malocclusion among 1000 OPD patients in Stomatology Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan.

1000 patients between ages of 15-30 years (500 males and 500 females), randomly selected using specific criteria among patients that visited Kabul Stomatology Hospital OPD department, for 7 months. Patients were examined directly intra-orally, and information was collected by a single observer, recorded on pre-prepared forms, and analyzed through the SPSS program.

Result of this study showed that from 1000 OPD patients, 81.2% were suffering from malocclusions, among which Class I Malocclusion was recorded to be 49%, Class II Division 1 was 14.8%, Class II Division 2 was 8.2%, Pseudo Class III was 3.1%, and Class III Malocclusion was recorded to be 6%. Class I Malocclusion was the most prevalent.
THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS USING STATISTICAL APPROACHES
Authors: Vasyaev Alexander , Ryzhova Yulia , Stovolos Nadiya , Belova Lyudmila
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to detect and track the possible correlation between the activities of non-governmental organizations and human resource management. This study also goal to investigate the role of the manager in fulfilling the prerequisites to reach the prosperity and flourishment within a group that works on a certain end.

Methodology: To achieve the objectives of the study, a survey of the management and employees of six non-governmental organizations operating in various fields (educational, sports, charitable, scientific) was conducted. A total of 150 people were interviewed. The Pearson chi-squared test was used to calculate preliminary approaches that are recently using and final findings.

Main Findings: The pilot analysis using the Pearson chi-squared method revealed that the personnel policy can have a positive effect on the organization, as it allows hiring qualified employees and promotes employee motivation. According to Pearson's chi-square criterion, it was found out that there is no statistically important relationship between human resource management and the operation of non-governmental organizations.

Applications of this study: This may be explained by the fact that there are other significant factors affecting the operation of the company and being involved in the human resource management policy. However, a competent personnel policy is one of the components of the successful development of the company.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The originality of this study is that this revealed that organizations should have clear requirements for their employees in order to hire them in accordance with the company criteria. In addition, it is necessary to create a favorable working environment, as well as to consider human resource management when setting the development priorities of the organization.
Noticias de FIGO. Epidemiología, etiología y prevención del cáncer mamario
Authors: Miller A. B. , Bulbrook R. D.
Published: May 2020

El Comité de Mastología de la FIGO (Federación Internacional de Ginecología Y Obstetricia) ha participado en las reuniones Multidisciplinarias sobre la epidemiología, etiología y prevención del cáncer mamario. La Directiva de FECOLSOG, ha recibido del Presidente de la FIGO, Dr. José A. Pinotti, un relato de la última reunión de dicho Comité realizada en abril de 1986, con la solicitud de darle difusión. Por tal motivo, la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología ofrece gustosamente sus páginas para transmitir a sus suscriptores tan importante documento.
Diabetic Striatopathy
Authors: Chutpiboonwat Phronpan , Chutinet Aurauma , Tontiwutikul Borwonkhun , Snabboon Thiti
Published: May 2020

N/a.
A Participação do Middle Manager na Gestão Estratégica da Inovação à Luz da Estratégia como Prática
Authors: Magagnin Roczanski Carla Regina , Lavarda Rosália R. B. , Bellucci Christiane , Melo Pedro Antônio
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como ocorre a participação do gerente de nível médio na gestão estratégica da inovação à luz da estratégia como prática. A gerência intermediária é a que mais se relaciona com os demais níveis organizacionais, sendo o elo entre a alta direção e o nível operacional. Para alcançar o objetivo foi adotada a metodologia qualitativa por meio de estudo de caso único, realizado em uma empresa de tecnologia. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise de documentos e observação direta. Após a análise dos dados, que utilizou a técnica pattern matching, identificou-se que os gerentes exercem os quatro papéis na gestão estratégica da inovação na empresa, sendo que os gerentes de nível médio são determinantes na formulação e implementação da estratégia de inovação, independente destas serem deliberadas ou emergentes. Os papéis que exercem os gerentes são: sintetizador de informações, defensor de alternativas, facilitador e implementador da estratégia. Esta pesquisa contribuiu para a promoção dos estudos sobre os gerentes de nível médio e sua importância para as organizações. Na prática, este estudo serve para a própria organização avaliar o papel e a importância do gerente de nível médio na gestão estratégica da inovação.
Para que serve o editorial? Para desejar Feliz 2020?
Authors: Goncalves do Amaral Marcelo , Fischer Bruno Brandão , Oliveira Virgílio Cézar Da Silva , Carvalho Rodrigo Da Silva
Published: May 2020

Sem resumo
BATMAN’DA MEKÂNSAL VE TOPLUMSAL AYRIŞMANIN YANSIMASI OLARAK GÜVENLİKLİ SİTELER
Authors: TÜRK Emrullah
Published: May 2020

Batman’ın kentleşme süreci güvenlikli bir site etrafındaki yerleşimlere dayanmaktadır. 1950’li yıllarda petrol rafinerisi yerleşkesinin korunması için örülen duvarlar ve güvenlik önlemleri o dönemlerde ülkedeki ilk güvenlikli site alanlarından birini oluşturmuştur. Batman’da bu deneyimin ardından güvenlikli site örnekleri yarım asır boyunca sınırlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ancak 2000’li yılların başından itibaren özellikle inşaat firmalarının güvenlik ve ayrıcalıklı yaşam vaadi ile kurduğu sitelerin hızla yükseldiği bir kentleşme deneyimlenmektedir.
2000’li yılların başından itibaren binaların etrafında yükselen duvarlar, güvenlik teknolojileri ve gözetleme mekanizmaları, özel güvenlik personelleri ile yeni mekânsal örgütlenme biçimi, sakinlerine farklı yaşam olanakları sunmakta; eş zamanlı olarak yarattığı sınırlarla kentin diğer sakinlerinden de bu kesimi ayrıştırmaktadır. Son dönemlerde kentsel dönüşüm adı altında yürütülen çoğu proje de güvenlikli sitelerin sayısını arttırmakta; bu projelerle beraber toplumsal ayrışma daha da görünür hale gelmektedir.
Bu çalışmada, Batman’da özellikle kentin kuzey yönünde son yıllarda sayıları hızla artan güvenlikli site tipi konut üretimlerinin farklı boyutlarda değerlendirilmesi, mekânsal ve toplumsal bağlamdaki yansımaları analiz edilmektedir. Kentte iki güvenlikli sitede yaşayanlarla yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda bu tarz konutlara rağbetin büyük oranda güvenlik kaygısı ile arttığı ve mekânsal ayrışmanın toplumsal ayrışmayı beslediğine ulaşılmaktadır.
Ropivacaine 75mg versus placebo in perineal infiltration for analgesic efficacy at mid- and long-term for episiotomy repair in postpartum women- The ROPISIO study: a two-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Authors: CARDAILLAC Claire , Ploteau Stéphane , Thuaut Aurélie Le , Dochez Vincent , Winer Norbert , Ducarme Guillaume
Published: May 2020

Background Perineal pain due to episiotomy is commonly reported and can be severe enough to disturb the mother-infant dyad during the postpartum period. Its incidence at day 7 postpartum varies from 63% to 74%. Recent studies have already investigated the analgesic efficacy of perineal infiltration of ropivacaine after episiotomy, but have only focused on the immediate postpartum period (at 24 and 48 hours after birth). Large, adequately powered, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate the impact of ropivacaine infiltration on perineal pain and mid- and long-term quality of life before the widespread use of ropivacaine to prevent perineal pain after episiotomy can be recommended. Methods The ROPISIO study is a two-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in La Roche sur Yon and Nantes, France. It will involve 272 women with vaginal singleton delivery and mediolateral episiotomy at term (≥ 37 weeks). Perineal infiltration (ropivacaine 75mg or placebo) will be administrated just after vaginal birth and before episiotomy repair. The primary outcome will be the analgesic efficacy at day 7 postpartum (mid-term), defined by the numerical rating scale of pain (ENS NRS) strictly superior to 3/10 on the perineal repair area. Secondary outcomes will be the analgesic efficacy (ENS NRS), the impact of pain on daily behavior, on the quality of life (36-Item Short Form Health Survey), on the occurrence of symptoms of postpartum depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and on sexuality (Female Sexual Function Index) at 3 and 6 months (long-term) using validated online questionnaires. This study will have 90% power to show approximately 30% relative risk reduction in the incidence of perineal pain at day 7, from 70.0% to 50.0%. Discussion Ropivacaine is a promising candidate drug, inexpensive, easy to administer, and would be suitable to include in the routine management of deliveries in labor ward. This study will investigate if perineal ropivacaine infiltration just after birth can reduce mid- and long-term postpartum pain and increase quality of life in women with mediolateral episiotomy.
A novel insight into nitrogen and auxin signaling in lateral root formation in tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]
Authors: Hu Shunkai , Zhang Mi , Yang Yiqing , Xuan Wei , Zou Zhongwei , Arkorful Emmanuel , Chen Yi , Ma Qingping , Jeyaraj Anburaj , Chen Xuan , Li Xinghui
Published: May 2020

Background Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverage worldwide. Lateral roots (LRs) of tea plant are the main organ used for tea plant to absorb soil moisture and nutrients. Lateral roots formation and development are tightly regulated by the nitrogen and auxin signaling pathway. In order to understand the function of auxin and nitrogen signaling in LRs formation and development, transcriptome analysis was applied to investigate the differentially expressed genes involved in lateral roots of tea plants treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), low and high nitrogen concentration. Results A total of 296 common differentially expressed genes were mainly identified and annotated to four signaling pathways, such as nitrogen metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, Glutathione metabolism and transcription factors. RNA-sequencing results revealed that majority of differentially expressed genes play important roles in nitrogen metabolism and hormonal signal transduction. Low nitrogen condition induced the biosynthesis of auxin and accumulation of transcripts, thereby regulating lateral roots formation. Furthermore, metabolism of cytokinin and ethylene biosynthesis were also involved in lateral roots development. Transcription factors like MYB genes also contributed to the lateral roots formation of tea plants through secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) results showed that the auxin concentration in lateral roots was increased, while the nitrogen level decreased. Thus, tea plant lateral roots formation could be induced by low nitrogen concentration via auxin biosynthesis and accumulation. Conclusion This study provides new insights into the mechanisms associated with nitrogen and auxin signaling pathways to regulate LRs formation and arises new clues for the efficient utilization of nitrogen in tea plant at the genetic level.
Effects of Gastric Sleeve Surgery on the Serum Levels of GH, IGF-1 and IGF-binding Protein 2 in Morbidly Obese Patients
Authors: Al-Regaiey Khalid , Alshubrami Suad , Al-Beeshi Ibrahim , Alnasser Torki , Alwabel Abdulnasser , Al-Beladi Hassan , Al-Tujjar Omar , Alnasser Abdulrahman , Alfadda Assim , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: May 2020

Background Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity. It also ameliorates diabetes independently of weight loss through mechanisms that are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the levels of GH, IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) after gastric sleeve surgery in healthy obese individuals. Method This study was conducted in 33 obese (BMI > 38.3) healthy male subjects aged 25 to 50 years undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. GH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 levels were evaluated by ELISA at baseline and 6-12 months after surgery. Other parameters, such as glucose, BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR and lipid profile, were also investigated. Results Systemic GH (12.32 vs. 50.97 pg/mL, p < 0.001) and IGFBP-2 levels (51.86 vs. 68.81 pg/mL, p < 0.001) were elevated after bariatric surgery. There was no change in IGF-1 level from before to after surgery. BMI (52.18 vs. 40.11, p = 0.001), insulin (19.35 vs. 8.80 mIU/L, p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR index (6.48 to 2.52, p < 0.001) were reduced after surgery. Lipid profile analysis revealed that total cholesterol (4.26 vs. 5.12 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.90 to 1.55 mmol/L, p < 0.001) were increased, while triglycerides were decreased, after surgery (1.62 vs. 1.05 mmol/L p < 0.001). GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP-2 were not correlated with insulin or lipid parameters. Conclusions Our study suggests that improved circulating GH and IGFBP-2 levels may mediate the beneficial effects of gastric sleeve surgery in improving insulin sensitivity and reducing insulin demand.
Prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions and associated factors among outpatients and inpatients in Ethiopian Hospitals: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Ayenew Wondim , Asmamaw Getahun , Issa Arebu
Published: May 2020

Background: Drug-drug interaction is an emerging threat to the public health. In Ethiopia, there is high possibility of occurrence of drug-drug interactions in the hospitals. This is because of increased comorbid disease, increased polypharmacy, and increased hospitalization. Therefore, this study aims to summarize the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions and associated factors in Ethiopian hospitals. Methods: Literature search was performed through accessing legitimate databases in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Research Gate for English-language publications. Advanced search strategies were applied in Science Direct and HINARI to identify any additional papers and published reviews and to retrieve relevant findings closely related to prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions and associated factors with it. The search was conducted from August 3-25, 2019 and all published articles available online until the day of data collection were considered. The pooled estimate of the outcome measure were analyzed by Open Meta Analyst advanced software. By considering clinical heterogeneity among original studies, Der Simonian and Laird’s random effect model were used. I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity among each studies. The publication bias was assessed by CMA version-3 software and presented with funnel plot of standard error and precision with Logit event rate. Results: A total of 14 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. From 14 studies, 5761 patients were included and a total of 8717 potential drug- drug interactions were found in 3259 of patients. The prevalence patients with potential drug- drug interactions in Ethiopian Hospitals were found to be 72.2% (95% confidence interval: 59.1%, 85.3%). Based on severity, the prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions were 25.1%, 52.8%, 16.9% and 1.27% for major, moderate, minor potential drug- drug interactions and contraindications respectively. The factors associated with potential drug- drug interactions were related to patient characteristics such as polypharmacy, age, comorbid disease and hospital stay. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions in Ethiopian Hospitals. Polypharmacy, age, comorbid disease and hospital stay were the risk factors associated with potential drug- drug interactions.
Topography of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota in cattle
Authors: McMullen Christopher , Alexander Trevor W. , Léguillette Renaud , Workentine Matthew , Timsit Edouard
Published: May 2020

Background Bacterial bronchopneumonia (BP) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle. The nasopharynx is generally accepted as the primary source of pathogenic bacteria that cause BP. However, it has recently been shown in humans that the oropharynx may act as the primary reservoir for pathogens that reach the lung. The objective was therefore to describe the bacterial microbiota present along the entire cattle respiratory tract to determine which upper respiratory tract (URT) niches may contribute the most to the composition of the lung microbiota. Methods Seventeen upper and lower respiratory tract locations were sampled from 15 healthy feedlot steer calves. Samples were collected using a combination of swabs, protected specimen brushes, and saline washes. DNA was extracted from each sample and the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) was sequenced. Community composition, alpha-diversity, and beta-diversity were compared among sampling locations. Results Microbiota composition differed across sampling locations, with physiologically and anatomically distinct locations showing different relative abundances of 1,137 observed sequence variants (SVs). An analysis of similarities showed that the lung was more similar to the nasopharynx (R-statistic = 0.091) than it was to the oropharynx (R-statistic = 0.709) or any other URT sampling location. Five distinct metacommunities were identified across all samples after clustering at the genus level using Dirichlet multinomial mixtures. This included a metacommunity found primarily in the lung and nasopharynx that was dominated by Mycoplasma . Further clustering at the SV level showed a shared metacommunity between the lung and nasopharynx that was dominated by Mycoplasma dispar . Other metacommunities found in the nostrils, tonsils, and oral microbiotas were dominated by Moraxella , Fusobacterium , and Streptococcus , respectively. Conclusions The nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota is most similar to the lung bacterial microbiota in healthy cattle and therefore may serve as the primary source of bacteria to the lung. This finding indicates that the nasopharynx is likely the most important location that should be targeted when doing bovine respiratory microbiota research.
Nurses’ and Family Caregivers’ Perception of Dignity in Burn Patients: a descriptive, qualitative study
Authors: Tehranineshat Banafsheh , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Torabizadeh Camellia , Fararouei Mohammad , Gillespie Mark
Published: May 2020

Background: The essence of nursing care is preservation of patients' human dignity. The aggressive nature of severe burn injuries is a threat to the integration of burn patient's existential dimensions and dignity. However, not much research has been conducted on respect for the dignity of burn patients.Purpose: The present study aims to determine the concept of maintaining the dignity of burn patients from the perspective of their caregivers. Methods: The study has a descriptive, qualitative research design. Data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth, individual interviews. Data analysis was executed using conventional content analysis. The subjects were nurses and family caregivers from the biggest burns hospital in southeastern Iran. The participants were selected via purposeful sampling (n=18) until data saturation was reached. The study lasted from October 2017 to August 2018. Results: Three main themes emerged from the information obtained from the interviews: creating a friendly atmosphere, showing respect, and providing comprehensive support.Conclusion: Burn patients need to receive care in a friendly atmosphere where they are looked after by empathetic caregivers who give enough time to them and allow them to express their feelings and concerns. Also, patients' human values and beliefs should be respected and all aspects of their existence should be taken into account for their dignity to be preserved. Workshops designed based on the findings of the present study can help improve the quality of nursing care.
ZFC3H1 provides a reference to evaluate the prognosis and treat prostate adenocarcinoma: A study based on TCGA data
Authors: Chen Shengye , Xu Haokai , Li Ping , Ye Xueting , Chen Wei , Chen Wei , Lu Zhongqiu , Huang Hang
Published: May 2020

BackgroundProstate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a common tumor with a high mortality rate, and advanced PRAD remains incurable. Exploring biomarkers related to PRAD prognosis could provide valuable information for clinical treatment. Zinc finger C3H1 domain-containing protein (ZFC3H1) is a large protein (1989 amino acids) that is expressed in many human tumors, playing an important role in RNA turnover and translation. In the present study, we first evaluated the expression profile of ZFC3H1 using bioinformatic analysis of public datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We then predicted the target genes of ZFC3H1, performed gene ontology enrichment analysis, and constructed a protein–protein interaction network. We also assessed the expression profiles of these genes and evaluated their prognostic significance. We also transfected a ZFC3H1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) into PRAD cells and investigated their migration and invasive capabilities through wound healing and transwell invasion assays. ResultsWe found that the expression levels of ZFC3H1 in many cancers, including PRAD, were notably lower than in corresponding non-cancerous tissues, and patients in the high ZFC3H1-expression group showed poor survival. We hypothesized that the low expression of ZFC3H1 in tumor tissue might have be an inhibitory effect on the autoimmune system. The results also showed that the expression levels of MPHOSPH6 (encoding M-phase phosphoprotein 6) and MRPS31 (encoding mitochondrial ribosomal protein S31) were lower in PRAD tissues than in non-cancerous tissues, and the survival time of patients with high MPHOSPH6 and MRPS31 expression was poor. To further demonstrate the role of ZC3H1 in PRAD, we did RNA transfection. Knockdown of ZFC3H1 significantly inhibited PRAD cell migration and invasion. ConclusionZFC3H1 is closely related to PRAD's migration and invasion ability, and could represent a new marker for PRAD prognosis and provide a reference for the development of new therapies to treat PRAD.
Extended doxycycline treatment versus salpingectomy in the management of patients of hydrosalpinx undergoing IVF-ET
Authors: Fouda Usama , Elshaer Hesham , Youssef Mohamed , Darweesh Fatma
Published: May 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether the treatment with doxycycline before and after oocyte retrieval is as effective as salpingectomy in minimizing the detrimental effect of hydrosalpinx on the outcomes of IVF-ET.Methods: A retrospective analysis was done for the outcomes of the IVF-ET cycles of patients with hydrosalpinx who underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy prior to IVF cycle ( n = 260 ) or were treated with extended doxycycline treatment during the IVF cycle (n = 45).In doxycycline group, doxycycline (100 mg twice daily ) was started one week before anticipated oocyte retrieval and was continued for one week after oocyte retrieval. In salpingectomy group, the mesosalpinx was coagulated as close as possible to the fallopian tube.Results: The implantation, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy and live birth rates were significantly higher in the salpingectomy group ( 20.87 % Vs. 9.91%, P value =0.007, 44.62% Vs. 20% P value = 0.002, 39.62% Vs. 17.78%,P value = 0.005 and 37.31% Vs. 15.56% P value = 0.005 respectively). Conclusion: Salpingectomy is more effective than extended doxycycline treatment in improving the outcomes of IVF-ET in patients with hydrosalpinx undergoing IVF-ET. Further, larger well designed randomized controlled trials should be conducted to confirm the findings of this study.
Developing the Patient Healthy Questionnaire-8 with a Greater Impact on Quality of Life of Patients with Functional Dyspepsia Compared with the Somatic Symptom Scale-8
Authors: Yuan Chaoqun , Yong Guizhen , Wang Xi , Xie Ting , Wang Chunyan , Yuan Yuan , He Guobin
Published: May 2020

Background: To develop the Patient Healthy Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), as a more reliable approach compared with the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8), evaluating somatization in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), in which the effects of somatization assessed by these two approaches on quality of life (QoL) of FD patients were further compared. Methods: Herein, 612 FD patients completed a questionnaire involving 25 items. 8 out of 25 items were selected to develop the PHQ-8 by four methods of discrete degree, correlation coefficient, factor analysis, and Cronbach’s α coefficient. Reliability and validity of the PHQ-8 and the SSS-8 were compared by principal component and confirmatory factor analyses. The effects of somatization, depression, and anxiety on the Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) for QoL were explored by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. Results: The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the PHQ-8 and the SSS-8 was 0.601 and 0.553, respectively, and the cumulative contribution rate of three extracted factors for the developed PHQ-8 and SSS-8 was 55.103% and 51.666%, respectively. Somatization evaluated by the PHQ-8 (r=0.309, P<0.001) and the SSS-8 (r=0.281, P<0.001) was found to be correlated with the NDI. The model used for the PHQ-8 showed that the values of chi-squared (χ2), root mean square residual (RMR), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), and adjusted GFI (AGFI) were 31.247, 0.01, 0.042, 0.984, and 0.967, respectively. Linear regression analysis unveiled that somatization (β=0.270, P<0.001), anxiety (β=0.163, P<0.001), and depression (β=0.136, P=0.003) assessed by the PHQ-8 were correlated with the NDI; besides, somatization (β=0.250, P<0.001), anxiety (β=0.156, P<0.001), and depression (β=0.155, P =0.001) evaluated by the SSS-8 were correlated with the NDI.Conclusions: The developed PHQ-8 showed to have a superior reliability and validity, and somatization assessed by the developed PHQ-8 showed have a greater influence on QoL of FD patients compared with the SSS-8. Our findings suggested that the developed PHQ-8 may improve fast assessment of the effects of somatization on FD patients in lieu of the SSS-8.
Do sexual expectancies and inhibitions predict high-risk sexual behaviours? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey among young psychoactive substance users in the informal settlements of Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Ssekamatte Tonny , Kibira Simon P.S. , Tetui Moses , Isunju John Bosco , Mugambe Richard K. , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Buregyeya Esther , Nalwadda Christine Kayemba , Bukenya Justine Nnakate , Wanyenze Rhoda K.
Published: May 2020

Background The use of psychoactive substances is a public health challenge among young people in informal settlements. Though rarely examined, the use of psychoactive substances is linked to sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and consequently high-risk sexual behaviours. This study examined the association between sexual expectancies and inhibitions on high-risk sexual behaviours among young psychoactive substance users (PSU) in the informal settlements of Kampala, Uganda.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 744 young PSU in the informal settlements of Kampala. Data were analysed using Stata 14 software. A ‘modified’ Poisson regression model was used for inferential statistics. Results Of the 744 study participants, 45.6% believed that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance; 43.3% believed that psychoactive substances make sex more pleasurable; while more than half (53.3%) believed that psychoactive substances give courage or confidence to approach a partner for sex. The belief that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance (PR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.30), increases the likelihood of engaging in sex (PR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04-1.40) or gives courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner (PR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.39) were positively associated with ever having sex while under the influence of psychoactive substances. The belief that a psychoactive substance user, under the influence of psychoactive substances is more likely to engage in sex (PR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15-1.90), and likely to find it difficult to refuse sex (PR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.55) were positively associated with engaging in multiple sexual partnerships. The belief that one easily forgets to use a condom when under the influence of psychoactive substances, was positively associated with inconsistent condom use (PR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09-1.45).Conclusion Psychoactive substance use expectancies such as the belief that psychoactive substances improve sexual performance, and give courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner, and inhibitions such as an increased likelihood of engaging in sexual intercourse, finding difficulties in refusing to engage in sexual intercourse, and forgetting to use condoms while intoxicated predicted high-risk sexual behaviours among young PSU. Therefore, is essential to implement sexual and reproductive health and risk reduction interventions targeting young PSU in informal settlements.
Effect of Ligustrazine Nanoparticles on Th1/Th2 Balance by TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway in Rats with Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesion
Authors: Yang Lili , Lian Ziyu , Zhang Bin , Li Zhengjun , Zeng Li , Li Wenlin , Bian Yaoyao
Published: May 2020

Background
Postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) is regarded as fibrous bands connecting both injured abdominal wall and organs or adjacent tissues and associated with T helper (Th)1 and Th2 differentiation. However, the critical role of immunopathogenesis of adhesion formation was precisely unknown. Previously we demonstrated that ligustrazine have positive effects on adhesion formation. And microarray analysis revealed TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway as an important underlying regulatory mechanism in the onset and development of PPA. To further explore the possible mechanism of PPA and enhance the specificity of ligustrazine delivery to injured sites of rodent models, a new agent polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles loaded with ligustrazine, that is, ligustrazine nanoparticles (LN) were applied.
Methods
Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into sham, model, LN and sodium hyaluronate (SH) groups. The structure of LN, including entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC), and in vitro drug release were calculated. Adhesions were scored and the masson’s trichrome staining was used to determine the collagen deposition. The expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB were measured by qPCR, Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay. Moreover, Th1-related cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12), Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) in the cecum tissue and serum were conducted by ELISA.
Results
LN had good EE, LC and control-release delivery characters with fairly uniform diameter and spherical morphology. It could effectively prevent adhesion formation after surgery. Besides, it could reduce collagen fibers accumulation, downregulate the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB, and maintain Th1/Th2 balance.
Conclusions
Ligustrazine nanoparticles had effective effects on Th1/Th2 balance by regualtingTLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in PPA rats. It may be served as a promising therapy on postoperative adhesion formation.
Application of aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction for virus in Posner-Schlossman syndrome
Authors: Tao Shuya , Jiang Qin , Tang Li , Ding Xiyan , Li Xiumiao , Cao Guofan
Published: May 2020

Background

To study the effectiveness and safety of aqueous humor PCR viral detection in the diagnosis of PSS.
Methods

20 patients (case group) with PSS who suffered from recurrences and poor intraocular pressure (IOP) control by use of drugs underwent anterior chamber puncture. The concentration of different viruses in aqueous humor were detected by PCR. 20 patients (control group) with POAG were given the same treatment and we compared the difference of positive rate of the viruses between two groups. Finally, the effectiveness and safety of aqueous humor PCR viral detection in the diagnosis of PSS were observed. Besides, the advantage of PCR viral detection technology in treatment was evaluated.
Results

No complications and long-term sequelae related to anterior chamber puncture were found. The total positive rate of aqueous humor viral detection was 30% (6/20) in case group ,and was found none in control group (0/20) (P = 0.027). Then, we divided the case group into two groups. Six virus positive patients were given local and systemic antiviral treatment for 3 months and then interrupted the treatment. Fourteen patients left were given no antiviral treatment. All PSS patients were observed for 9 months from the first time of treatment. There is significant difference between two groups in recurrence rate (P = 0.013).
Conclusions

Viral infection is a risk factor of PSS. The detection of virus in aqueous humor by PCR is effective and safe for diagnosis of PSS, and helpful for targeted treatment on virus-positive patients.
Lack of Association of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ahmed Sagheer , Khan Saeed , Naqvi Syeda Uzma , Janjua Kholood , Zulfiqar Zaira , ahmedah hanadi , Moga Marius , Ilea Anca
Published: May 2020

Background: There is increasing evidence for the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) in carcinogenesis, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Several of these mutagenic substances are cytochrome (CYP)2C9 enzyme substrates.Methods: In this study, we examined the association of CYP2C9*2 and *3 genetic polymorphisms in 58 OSCC patients and 174 healthy, age, and sex-matched controls. Genotyping was done with allele-specific polymerase chain reaction followed by agarose gel electrophoreses, while selected samples were sequenced for confirmation of genotyping.Results: The wild type genotype (CYP2C9*1*1) was observed at 83%, *1*3 at 8%, *1*2 at 5%, *2*2 at 2% and *2*3 at 2% in combined case and control groups. On further analysis, however, our results did not reveal an association of these variants with OSCC samples (Odds ratio: 0.608, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.289 - 1.281, p-value: 0.190). While larger studies are needed to confirm or refute these results, they show a lack of association of CYP2C9*2 and *3 polymorphisms with OSCC in this population.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C9 genes (CYP2C9*2 and *3) are not causing the risk and are not associated with OSCC. Also, CYP2C9 has no role in the pathogenesis of OSCC in this population of patients.Trial registration: Not applicable.
Incidence and risk factor for short term postoperative cough after thyroidectomy
Authors: Wu Junfu , Dai Liyuan , Lou Weihua
Published: May 2020

Background
The prevalence of and potential risk factors for postoperative cough after thyroidectomy remain unknown. The current study aimed to analyze postoperative cough in patients undergoing thyroidectomy using a prospective analysis.
Methods
Adult patients undergoing primary thyroidectomy were prospectively enrolled. Data regarding age, sex, BMI, pathology and surgical procedure were collected and analyzed. All patients were asked to complete the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) preoperatively and at 2 weeks and 4 weeks postoperatively.
Results
There were 1264 patients enrolled in total. In patients with benign disease, postoperative cough occurred in 62 patients, with an prevalence rate of 17.2% compared to an prevalence rate of 32.9% in patients with malignant disease; the difference was significant. For benign patients, the factors of smoking and operation time were independently related to the occurrence of postoperative cough. For malignant patients, the factors of smoking, operation time, operation extent, and the number of positive nodes at level 6 were independently related to the occurrence of postoperative cough. There was no significant difference regarding the LCQ score in patients with benign or malignant disease at the preoperative and the postoperative 4-week time periods. Patients with malignant disease had a significantly lower LCQ score than patients with benign disease at the postoperative 2-week time point (p = 0.001).
Conclusions
Patients undergoing thyroid cancer surgery had a higher prevalence of postoperative cough and were also associated with a decreased cough-related quality of life. The factors of smoking and operation time were the most important predictors for postoperative cough after thyroidectomy.