bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Scandium in mafic and ultramafic rocks of ophiolites from Luk Ulo Complex, Karangsambung, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Nugroho Imam , Silitonga Kardo Polarman Rajoki , Makkaratte Fahmi Adiyatma , Ansori Chusni
Published: October 2020

Scandium (Sc) is important element for its utilization in modern industry. Initial Sc content in the parent rocks primary importance controlling the Sc concentrations in its weathered derivatives. This contribution examines the Sc concentrations in parent rocks of mafic and ultramafic rocks related to the ophiolite series in Luk Ulo Complex, Karangsambung, Central Java, Indonesia. The ophiolite series in this area are basalt, microgabbronorite, gabbronorite, websterite, and serpentinite from 5 locations of Medana, Lokidang, Parakansubah, Selogiri, and Pucangan areas. The general trend from the distribution of Sc in the ophiolite sequence of Medana and Parakansubah-Lokidang Rivers suggests the Sc contents increase from shallow to deeper levels of the sequence. The lowest concentrations of Sc in the ophiolite sequence of Medana and Parakansubah-Lokidang Rivers are in basalt, which are 24–29 ppm. In the middle sequence, the Sc concentrations are 27–34 ppm and 24–43 ppm, respectively in microgabbronorite and gabbronorite. The highest Sc concentrations are in websterite, which are 51–54 ppm, as the deepest sequence of the ophiolite in this area. Meanwhile, Sc contents in serpentinite from Selogiri and Pucangan areas are 5–11 ppm, which are considered the lowest Sc contents. It suggests that the pre-serpentinization mineral composition rather than the process of serpentinization determine the elemental abundance of Sc in serpentinite. The results are used to be an analog for Sc identification in the ophiolite belts in central Indonesia. This also considering that Luk Ulo Complex been established as National Geopark of Karangsambung-Karangbolong, so that mining activities are prohibited in this area.
Adaptive control over ultrasonic cleaning of mining equipment
Authors: Morkun Volodymyr , Kravchenko Olha
Published: October 2020

Ultrasonic cleaning is one of the most efficient types of cleaning mining equipment. In order to enhance its energy efficiency, it is required to improve control over ultrasonic cleaning through considering its spacious distribution. This control is based on assessing the condition of a cleaned object in set points to determine duration of the process according to the real contamination of a product. In order to form controlling impact, the authors suggest a new fuzzy controller, which combines features of a 3D fuzzy controller and an interval fuzzy controller of Type 2. This enables taking advantages of both extensions of fuzzy logic – an opportunity to process spacious data through fuzzy expert evaluation. The concept of a controller is based on the 3-D interval fuzzy set of Type 2. The developed controller differs from the traditional one by reduced dimension and reduction of IТ2 FS to IТ1 FS. The rule base remains two-dimensional and is not dependent on the number of sensors. The elaborated methods enable the controller model based on 3-D IТ2 FS for ultrasonic cleaning of mining equipment. Spacious distribution of the process and ambiguity of expert assessments are considered to determine the process course according to the data of ultrasonic sensors.
Mining management based on inclusive economic approach
Authors: Kostetska Kateryna , Laurinaitis Marius , Savenko Ihor , Sedikova Iryna , Sylenko Serhii
Published: October 2020

The strategic documents of the state provide for inclusive and green growth aimed at the inclusion of society in the development of the state. It causes the need to highlight the main components of growth and guidelines for their calculation. The international community moved away from using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a measure of economic development, and started measuring growth by calculating the Inclusive Development Index. The study conducted in the article is concentrated on the main directions of the international community development, which focus on assessment of the mineral resource management as one of the levers of increasing the production efficiency and taxes distribution. This article suggests to improve the rent payments for the minerals extraction through a correction factor, since the Tax Code of Ukraine does not take into account the multifunctionality of the territory where these resources are mined. The coefficient is estimated to vary from 1.25 to 2.0, depending on the polyfunctional characteristics of the mining area. This approach will improve existing methodological recommendations and include such an important area as inclusive green growth in the calculations, as not only the economic indicators of economic activity, but also the environmental feasibility of using the territory where it is carried out will be taken into account.
Method of calculating the gear ratios of the cones of tricone drill bits
Authors: Toshov Javokhir , Baratov Bakhtiyor , Baynazov Umid
Published: October 2020

The process of rock destruction under dynamic impact on it through two technological criteria in the form of specific contact and specific volumetric fracture works is evaluated. Specific contact and specific volumetric fracture work are used to study the physical and mechanical properties of rocks. The efficiency of rock destruction during well drilling with tricone bits functionally depends on the relative specific contact and specific volumetric fracture work. It is stated that the criteria for evaluating the performance of tricone bits in certain forms are functions of the triad: bit-rock-energy. The disclosed physical nature of the kinetic criteria and the obvious functional dependence on the geometric parameters of these drill bits are an objective basis for constructing a methodology for improving the dynamics of new designs and modifications. The parameters of the kinetic passport of the bit are calculated and presented in tabular and graphical forms as functions corresponding to their coordinates of the cones of the roller cutters and the bottom of the well. Experience in solving optimization problems based on a comparative analysis of kinetic (dynamic) criteria has shown that a) when improving almost any design of a cone bit, it is necessary to use the initial geometrical parameters of the buttons and their number b) to ensure that the supports of adjacent cones are equally loaded along the path of leveling the minimum volumetric fracture work of crowns adjacent cones.
Technological aspects of the development of gas hydrate deposits with the use of carbon dioxide injection
Authors: Ganushevych Kostiantyn , Sai Kateryna
Published: October 2020

The article is dedicated to the technological peculiarities of natural gas hydrate deposits extraction with using perspective method which consists of introduction of carbon dioxide into the gas hydrate layer removing methane and creating CO2 hydrate. Specific attention is paid to the insufficient efficiency of presently used methods in terms of the economic effect and safety of gas extraction. The complex methodological approach has been used to experimentally determine the optimal pressure of the two gases swap based on the minimal time of the process duration. The rate of the two gases exchange in the reactor has been defined and a new technological solution as to the gas hydrate deposits recovery has been proposed. It is defined that at the pressure being equal to Р = 9 MPa and the temperature Т = +7…+8 ºC, the whole exchange of the guest molecules СН4 for СО2 molecules can be reached in 2 hours. It is established that the gas hydrate crystallisation centres nucleate in about 30 – 35 minutes, after that the crystals continue growing removing methane from the preliminary created hydrate up to the point when about 70 – 80% of the hydrate is filled with СО2 hydrate. The lowest rate of the exchange process took place under the pressure Р = 5 MPa and temperature Т = +7…+8 ºC and resulted in 10 hours. The penetration length of the carbon dioxide jet is established depending on the process duration under the optimal injection pressure of СО2. A new technological scheme is introduced for methane recovery from gas hydrate deposits of the Black Sea with the help of carbon dioxide injection into the hydrate seam.
Research into the moisture influence on the physical-chemical tuff-stone characteristics in basalt quarries of the Rivne-Volyn region
Authors: Malanchuk Yevhenii , Korniienko Valerii , Malanchuk Larisa , Zaiets Vitalii
Published: October 2020

This paper studies the rock mass stress state of deposits under highland conditions, depending on the geological structure of a particular rock mass area, the tectonic field of stresses and the region relief. This study is aimed to develop an experimental method for assessing and monitoring the properties and state of the rock mass adjacent to mine workings. Experimental studies are performed through stresses measurements in-situ. Based on research results, it has been revealed that the geological structures, tectonic fields of stresses and the earth’s surface relief of the deposit normally reflect the values and direction of the main stresses acting in the rock mass. These patterns can be used to predict and assess the stress state of the rock mass. During the rock mass stress state assessment, quantitative dependences have been obtained for determining the stress tensors conditioned by the overlying rocks weight, tectonics and fracturing, and the deposit surface relief The research results make possible to assess the nature of the stresses distribution, to identify the areas of reduced, equal, increased and maximum stresses concentration of the virgin rock mass, as well as to increase the efficiency of the geoacoustic control developed by the authors for the state of the rock mass adjacent to mine working.
Pankreasinsuffizienz – oft spät erkannt: Was kann die Ernährungstherapie leisten?
Authors: Jagemann Bettina , Manthey Carolin
Published: October 2020

Pankreaserkrankungen unterschiedlicher Genese führen langfristig zu Mangelernährung und Stoffwechselstörungen (z. B. pankreopriver Diabetes), wenn die Funktionsstörungen nicht medikamentös und diätetisch unterstützt werden.

Obwohl das Pankreas mit einer Länge von ca. 15 cm und einem Gewicht von 120–150 g zu den kleinsten Organen des menschlichen Körpers zählt, spielt es für die Nährstoffversorgung des Menschen eine zentrale Rolle. Kein anderes Organ produziert täglich mehr Eiweiße (30–60 g/Tag; Leber im Vergleich: 15–50 g Eiweißproduktion) und auch die Sekretproduktion ist für die Größe des Organs mit 1,5–3 L beachtlich, davon 1–1,5 L Bauchspeichel.

Da die klinischen Symptome einer Pankreaserkrankung unspezifisch sein können und Überlappungen zu vielen anderen Erkrankungen haben, wie zum Beispiel den Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten, ist die Diagnosestellung schwierig. Insbesondere Einschränkungen der exokrinen Organfunktion führen zu schleichender Gewichtsabnahme und Mangelernährung, die in den meisten Fällen viel zu spät erkannt wird und den Verlauf der Erkrankung negativ beeinflussen kann. Dargestellt werden soll daher, wie eine frühzeitige begleitende Ernährungstherapie sowohl die Diagnostik unterstützen als auch frühzeitig Mangelzuständen entgegenwirken kann.
Interkulturelle Öffnung im Gesundheitswesen fördert einen solidarischen Umgang
Authors: Beck Patricia , Mratschkowski Anna , Matusiewicz David
Published: October 2020

Ziel Durch die Zunahme soziokultureller Vielfalt steigt auch im deutschen Gesundheitswesen die Bedeutung interkultureller Öffnungsprozesse. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht anhand von 4 Fallbeispielen, inwiefern eine organisational angelegte interkulturelle Öffnung (IKÖ) sich auf system- und sozialintegrativer Ebene auswirkt. Auf Basis der empirischen Ergebnisse können praxisorientierte Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet werden.

Methodik Mittels sozialwissenschaftlicher qualitativer Methoden wurde an 21 Beobachtungstagen in 2 Krankenhäusern und 2 ambulanten Pflegediensten in NRW eine teilnehmende Beobachtung durchgeführt. Die untersuchten Einrichtungen unterschieden sich hinsichtlich des interkulturellen Öffnungsgrades. Die Beobachtungen wurden systematisch protokolliert und anhand der dokumentarischen Methode mit MAXQDA induktiv kategorienbasiert ausgewertet. Die Herangehensweise knüpft an die Bourdieu’sche Feld-Habitus-Theorie 7 und die Beobachtungsfelder wurden in Anlehnung an Lockwood auf system- und sozialintegrativer Ebene 8 analysiert.

Ergebnisse Das ausgearbeitete Kategoriensystem setzt sich aus 4 Hauptkategorien (Methodologie, Arbeitsorganisation, Kommunikation, Pflege- und Medizinsystem) und 918 Sub-Kategorien zusammen. Eine interkulturelle Öffnung der Organisation in Form von einem interkulturellen Team und angebotenen Maßnahmen zur interkulturellen Öffnung gehen mit einem höheren Maß an Solidarität einher.

Schlussfolgerungen Der interkulturelle Öffnungsprozess im Gesundheitswesen ist auf system- und auf sozialintegrativer Ebene zu verankern, um effizientere Versorgungsabläufe und einen solidarischen Umgang zu befördern. Da IKÖ mit zusätzlichen zeitlichen, finanziellen und personellen Ressourcen verbunden ist, braucht es von Seiten der Geschäftsführung eine strategische Entscheidung einerseits und einen von oben bewusst gesteuerten Öffnungsprozess andererseits. Dieser ermöglicht es den Mitarbeitenden, die traditionelle Organisationskultur in einem Aushandlungsprozess partizipativ mitzugestalten.
Effectiveness of Cabergoline Treatment in Patients with Acromegaly Uncontrolled with SSAs: Experience of a Single Tertiary Center
Authors: Sahin Serdar , Fidan Mehmet Cem , Korkmaz Ozge Polat , Durcan Emre , Ozkaya Hande Mefkure , Kadioglu Pinar
Published: October 2020

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of cabergoline and the parameters affecting cabergoline response as add-on treatment to somatostatin analaogues (SSA) in patients with acromegaly uncontrolled with SSAs.

Material and Method One hundred and twenty-nine acromegalic patients uncontrolled with SSA who had cabergoline added to their treatment were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into the SSAs + cabergoline-responsive (group 1) and non-responsive groups (group 2), and biochemical, pathologic, and radiologic parameters were assessed.

Results IGF-1 normalization was achieved in 75 of 129 patients (58%) when cabergoline was added to the SSA treatment. Female patients were significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (p=0.006). Group 1 had significantly smaller pre- and post-cabergoline tumor size (p=0.011, p=0.007 respectively), lower levels of IGF-1 in pre-and post-operative period (p=0.040, p=0.001), and lower levels of IGF-1 in pre- and post-cabergoline treatment (p<0.001). Cavernous invasion on sellar magnetic resonance imaging, dural invasion in pathologic examination were not significantly different between the groups. Sellar invasion in pathologic examination was significantly higher in group 1 (p=0.011). No significant difference was found in proliferation indices between two groups. The presence of fibrous bodies was significantly lower in group 1 (p=0.010).

Conclusion Cabergoline can be added to the treatment of acromegalic patients uncontrolled with SSAs due to its ease of use and low economic cost, especially in patients with acromegaly who have small adenomas and no fibrous bodies.
C–H Alkylation of Heteroarenes with Alkyl Oxalates by Molecular Photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Xu Hai-Chao , Xu Fan , Lai Xiao-Li
Published: October 2020

An oxidant- and metal-free photoelectrocatalytic C–H alkylation reaction of heteroarenes with alkyl oxalates has been developed. Several classes of heteroaromatics, such as quinolines, isoquinolines, pyridines, and phenanthridines, can be alkylated with tertiary or secondary alkyl oxalates. The photoelectrochemical synthesis employs 2,4,5,6-tetra-9H-carbazol-9-ylisophthalonitrile as a molecular catalyst and allows the oxidative transformations to proceed through evolution of hydrogen without a sacrificial chemical oxidant.
Mixed quantum-classical treatment of electron transfer at electrocatalytic interfaces: Theoretical framework and conceptual analysis
Authors: Huang Jun
Published: October 2020

Electron transfer in electrocatalysis involves strong short-range electronic interactions and occurs in an electrochemical double layer. Describing the two elements on an equal footing is an essential but challenging task for theoretical electrocatalysis. This work addresses this challenge using a mixed quantum–classical treatment. This treatment features the combination of chemisorption theory, electron transfer theory, and double layer theory in a unifying framework. Electrostatic free energy terms and solvent reorganization energy, key parameters modulating the electron transfer process, are calculated from a three-dimensional continuum double layer model that considers the reactant structure, steric effect, and solvent orientational polarization. The presented model is reduced back to the Marcus theory by neglecting electronic interactions and to the Schmickler theory of electrocatalysis by neglecting double layer effects. Emphasis is placed on understanding the multifaceted double layer effects in electrocatalysis. Apart from modifying the driving force and reactant concentration that are considered in the Frumkin corrections, double layer effects also modulate the interfacial solvent reorganization energy, thus adding a new term to the transfer coefficient. An additional level of intricacy comes into play if the reactant zone needs to replace solvent molecules originally adsorbed on the metal surface when it approaches the metal surface. The resulting free energy penalty shifts the transition state away from the metal surface and thus increases the activation barrier. Understanding how the metal surface charging condition modulates the interfacial stiffness opens an additional channel of deciphering electrolyte effects in electrocatalysis.
Bonus properties of states of low energy
Authors: Banerjee R. , Niedermaier M.
Published: October 2020

States of Low Energy (SLEs) are exact Hadamard states defined on arbitrary Friedmann–Lemaître spacetimes. They are constructed from a fiducial state by minimizing the Hamiltonian’s expectation value after averaging with a temporal window function. We show the SLE to be expressible solely in terms of the (state independent) commutator function. They also admit a convergent series expansion in powers of the spatial momentum, both for massive and for massless theories. In the massless case, the leading infrared behavior is found to be Minkowski-like for all scale factors. This provides a new cure for the infrared divergences in Friedmann–Lemaître spacetimes with accelerated expansion. As a consequence, massless SLEs are viable candidates for pre-inflationary vacua, and in a soluble model, they are shown to entail a qualitatively correct primordial power spectrum.
Acoustic energy transport characteristics based on amplitude and phase modulation using waveguide array
Authors: Tang Shuai , Wang Rui , Han Jianning , Jiang Yongyuan
Published: October 2020

To realize the multi-functional manipulation of the acoustic field with a simple artificial structure, a waveguide array based on resonant units was proposed in this work. Based on the transmission spectrum and zero-like refractive index of the waveguide unit, the amplitude of the transmitted wave can be manipulated. By changing the size of the waveguide unit flexibly, the phase of the transmitted wave can be manipulated. In addition, by extending the waveguide array to the sub-wavelength scale, an acoustic metasurface with both amplitude and phase modulation functions can be implemented, which provides new ways for the design of lightweight artificial periodic structures.
Low insertion loss air-coupled ultrasonic transducer with parallel laminated piezoelectric structure
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Gong Xun , Li Congcong , Wu Ranran , Chen Zhenglin , Wu Haodong , Zhang De , Cao Xun
Published: October 2020

This work presents a low insertion loss air-coupled ultrasonic transducer with a parallel laminated piezoelectric structure. The relevant parameters of this structure are theoretically analyzed. For overcoming the enormous acoustic impedance mismatch between the piezoelectric material and air, a 1–3 connectivity piezoelectric composite, and a stack of two low acoustic impedance matching layers are adopted. The experimental results show that the insertion loss of −17.5 dB is obtained under the pitch-catch mode with the length of the air column of 50 mm by selecting a suitable air-coupled ultrasonic transducer combination. The insertion loss improvement is 3.8 dB compared with a monolayer piezoelectric structure with an identical active area.
Intermediate scale bandgap fluctuations in ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers
Authors: de Wild J. , Buldu D. G. , Kohl T. , Birant G. , Brammertz G. , Meuris M. , Poortmans J. , Vermang B.
Published: October 2020

Ultrathin single- and three-stage Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers were analyzed with room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra. An anomalous blueshift was observed upon increasing carrier injection for both samples. This blueshift was attributed to the presence of bandgap fluctuations that are of the same order as the minority carrier diffusion length. From time resolved measurements, a diffusion length of a few 100 nms was deduced. The single-stage spectrum consists of two peaks, and the sample was, therefore, also analyzed by hyperspectral imaging, providing lateral PL and reflectance data with 1 μm resolution. Marginal variations were observed in the PL yield and spectra. This homogeneity could again be attributed to an intermediate scale of the bandgap fluctuation with an upper limit of 1 μm for the scale of the lateral bandgap fluctuations. The two peaks in the PL spectra of the single-stage sample could be attributed to interference, and correction methods were applied. The bandgap fluctuations were extracted for the three-stage and single-stage sample and were 45 meV and 72 ± 3 meV, respectively. It is suggested that this difference is attributed to the smaller grains and larger amount of grain boundaries in the single-stage sample.
Sn tuned microstructure and phase-change characteristics of GeTe nanowires
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yu Hailin , Wei Fenfen , Dong Yaojun , Shao Zhenguang , Liu Yushen
Published: October 2020

Sn-doped GeTe (SGT) nanowires (NWs) were investigated systematically for use in phase-change memory (PCM) applications. Composition and microstructure characterizations indicate that SGT with ∼3.0% Sn (SGT_3.0) NWs preserves the GeTe rhombohedral (R) structure, whereas SGT with a Sn content of ∼25.0% (SGT_25.0) NWs exhibits a cubic (C) structure. R–C structural conversion of SGT NWs is revealed with increasing Sn content. According to ab initio calculations, optimizing doping leads to a decrease in density of states near the Fermi level and reduces electrical conductivity, and thereby, SGT_3.0 is more applicable for PCM than SGT_25.0, which is attributed to Sn-induced structural change that brings about a diversity in the electrical properties. Experimentally, SGT_3.0 NWs have two significant threshold switchings and ideal high/low resistance ratio (∼105). Compared with undoped GeTe, SGT_3.0 NWs experience an increase in crystalline resistance, in agreement with our theoretical calculations, perfectly satisfying the requirement of low programming currents for PCM.
Effective reconstruction of bioluminescence tomography based on GPU-accelerated inverse Monte Carlo method
Authors: Ren Shenghan , Wang Lin , Zeng Qi , Chen Duofang , Chen Xueli , Liang Jimin
Published: October 2020

Diffusion equations (DEs) or simplified spherical harmonic equations are commonly used forward models in bioluminescence tomography (BLT), which are usually numerically calculated by the finite element method to construct the system matrix for reconstruction. However, the numerical solver is not accurate enough. The Monte Carlo (MC) method is regarded as the golden standard for modeling light propagation in biological tissue. In this paper, we proposed a GPU-accelerated inverse MC method for BLT reconstruction. The main feature is that the system matrix for BLT reconstruction is calculated by the MC method instead of the model-based numerical approximation. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method with both phantom-based simulation and animal-based in vivo experiment. The results show that, compared with the DE-based method, the proposed GPU-accelerated inverse MC method is more accurate and effective in BLT reconstruction.
Geometry of Banach limits and their applications
Authors: Semenov E. M. , Sukochev F. A. , Usachev A. S.
Published: October 2020

A Banach limit is a positive shift-invariant functional on

which extends the functional

from the set of convergent sequences to

. The history of Banach limits has its origins in classical papers by Banach and Mazur. The set of Banach limits has interesting properties which are useful in applications. This survey describes the current state of the theory of Banach limits and of the areas in analysis where they have found applications.

Bibliography: 137 titles.
FOXM1 drives HPV+ HNSCC sensitivity to WEE1 inhibition
Authors: Diab Ahmed , Gem Hakan , Swanger Jherek , Kim Hee Yeon , Smith Kaleb , Zou Grace , Raju Sharat , Kao Michael , Fitzgibbon Matthew , Loeb Keith R. , Rodriguez Cristina P. , Méndez Eduardo , Galloway Denise A. , Sidorova Julia M. , Clurman Bruce E.
Published: October 2020

Significance

HPV+ HNSCC is a growing problem in the United States. We show that HPV16 E6/E7 render HNSCC sensitive to WEE1 inhibition through a CDK1-FOXM1 circuit that drives premature mitosis and requires E6 activities beyond p53 inactivation. Primary HPV+ HNSCCs exhibit high FOXM1 activity, which may underlie their sensitivity to WEE1 inhibition. These data provide a mechanistic rationale for WEE1i incorporation into HPV+ HNSCC treatment.
Amyloid formation of fish β-parvalbumin involves primary nucleation triggered by disulfide-bridged protein dimers
Authors: Werner Tony E. R. , Bernson David , Esbjörner Elin K. , Rocha Sandra , Wittung-Stafshede Pernilla
Published: October 2020

Significance

Amyloid fibrils are generally related to neurodegenerative diseases, but they can also be part of normal protein function. Amyloid formation involves numerous steps and intermediate species. In this study, we investigated a fish protein, beta-parvalbumin, which readily forms amyloid on ligand removal. Using biophysical experiments, we provide evidence that the underlying mechanism of amyloid formation includes primary nucleation and elongation processes; we also reveal a key role for a disulfide-bridged dimer in the nucleation step. Little is known about intermolecular disulfides in amyloid formation, but covalent dimers and dimer-induced aggregation may be of clinical relevance, because oxidative stress, which can trigger covalent bond formation, is often a hallmark of human neurodegenerative diseases.
Preparation of CoMoPC bulk metallic glasses using fluxing treatment and J-quenching technique
Authors: Aihemaiti Nuerbiya , Li Qiang , Li Mingcan , Chang Chuntao , Li Hongxiang , Ma Xu
Published: October 2020

A new series of Co80- xMo xP14C6 ( x = 8, 9 and 10 at.%) bulky glassy rods have been prepared by combining fluxing treatment and J-quenching technique. The glass-forming ability, thermal stability, magnetic and mechanical properties of the present CoMoPC bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been investigated. For the present Co80- xMo xP14C6 ( x = 8, 9 and 10 at.%) BMGs, the critical diameter for glass formation reaches the maximum value of 1.5 mm when x = 9, and the saturation magnetisation gradually decreases from 0.35 T (39 emu/g) to 0.17 T (19 emu/g) as increasing Mo content from x = 8 to x = 10. The present CoMoPC BMGs exhibit a fracture strength of 2.13–2.32 GPa and nearly zero plasticity.
Longevity, clonal relationship, and transcriptional program of celiac disease–specific plasma cells
Authors: Lindeman Ida , Zhou Chunyan , Eggesbø Linn M. , Miao Zhichao , Polak Justyna , Lundin Knut E.A. , Jahnsen Jørgen , Qiao Shuo-Wang , Iversen Rasmus , Sollid Ludvig M.
Published: October 2020

Disease-specific plasma cells (PCs) reactive with transglutaminase 2 (TG2) or deamidated gluten peptides (DGPs) are abundant in celiac disease (CeD) gut lesions. Their contribution toward CeD pathogenesis is unclear. We assessed expression of markers associated with PC longevity in 15 untreated and 26 treated CeD patients in addition to 13 non-CeD controls and performed RNA sequencing with clonal inference and transcriptomic analysis of 3,251 single PCs. We observed antigen-dependent V-gene selection and stereotypic antibodies. Generation of recombinant DGP-specific antibodies revealed a key role of a heavy chain residue that displays polymorphism, suggesting that immunoglobulin gene polymorphisms may influence CeD-specific antibody responses. We identified transcriptional differences between CeD-specific and non–disease-specific PCs and between short-lived and long-lived PCs. The short-lived CD19+CD45+ phenotype dominated in untreated and short-term–treated CeD, in particular among disease-specific PCs but also in the general PC population. Thus, the disease lesion of untreated CeD is characterized by massive accumulation of short-lived PCs that are not only directed against disease-specific antigens.
Study of multi-window electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and related dispersive signals in V-type systems in the Zeeman sublevels of hyperfine states of87Rb-D2line
Authors: Hazra Rohit , Hossain Md Mabud
Published: October 2020

We have theoretically studied the multi-window electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and the related dispersive signals in multi-level V-type systems which are formed by the co-propagating circularly polarized pump (σ−) and probe (σ+) laser fields in the Zeeman sublevels of hyperfine states of87Rb-D2line. The optical Bloch equations (OBEs) are derived and numerically solved under the steady-state condition to obtain the probe absorption and dispersion spectra. We present the study of a single-window EIT for the three-level, double-window EIT for the four-level and triple-window EIT for the five-level V-type systems under both Doppler-free and Doppler-broadened conditions. The dispersive signals corresponding to the multi EIT windows for each system are also observed separately. From the knowledge of the slopes of the probe dispersion signals, we have calculated group index (ng) of the medium considering three different V-type schemes. The effect of temperature on the EIT, dispersion and group index profiles is also studied in detail. It is found that the amplitudes of EIT and dispersion signals and also the positive and negative values ofngare decreased as the temperature of the medium increases. To understand the Doppler-broadening effect on the group index profiles, we have considered three different velocity groups of atoms in the calculation of group index profiles. Moreover, the effects of probe intensity variation on the Doppler-broadened EIT and dispersive signals are studied extensively, and the conversions of EIT to EIA and dispersive positive slope to negative slope are observed under strong probe regime. Also, we have investigated the variation of dispersive slope and group index with the variation of probe intensity and probe frequency, respectively, at the multi-frequency position of the multi-window EIT. Finally, the switching between subluminal (slow light) to superluminal (fast light) propagation of light with the variation of both probe intensity and probe frequency is discussed in detail.
Thickness-dependent ultrafast hot carrier and phonon dynamics of PtSe2 films measured with femtosecond transient optical spectroscopy
Authors: Qiu Wentao , Liang Weizheng , Guo Jia , Fang Limei , Li Ning , Feng Qingguo , Luo S N
Published: October 2020

We systematically investigate the ultrafast hot carrier and phonon dynamics of PtSe2 with various van der Waals (vdW) layer numbers using femtosecond transient optical spectroscopy. The hot carrier dynamics of PtSe2 is found to be strongly dependent on its thickness. For semiconducting PtSe2 films (≤4 vdW layers), electron–phonon coupling, interlayer charge transfer and nonradiative recombination of electrons and holes contribute to the hot carrier decay, while electron–phonon coupling dominates the carrier decay in metallic PtSe2 films (with

>
4

vdW layers). The PtSe2 films with 2 vdW layers show the most pronounced interlayer charge transfer decay process and are thus most suitable for photoelectric sensors and energy harvesting devices. The phonon dynamics of PtSe2 is also thickness dependent; its LB mode phonon frequency decreases as the number of vdW layers increases, as a result of the thickness-dependent dielectric screening of the long-range Coulomb interaction.
Ignition phase of a typical plasma scalpel
Authors: Wu Fan , Li JiaYin , Liu FengWu , Lu XinPei
Published: October 2020

A plasma scalpel is one of the few applications of plasma medicine widely used in the clinic, but its ignition mechanism is poorly understood. This paper investigates the ignition phase of a plasma scalpel by obtaining the electrical waveforms, vaporization dynamics, plasma production and the plasma spectrum. Additionally, equivalent circuit and physical models are proposed based on the results. Two kinds of vapor layers are formed in plasma production. One is produced by Joule heating, which occurrs at the initial stage and the other is maintained by plasma heating at the stable discharge stage. When the plasma is generated, the vapor layer will become much thinner, leading to a significant increase in the electric field. The waveforms indicate the discharge has two kinds of patterns: asymmetric and symmetric patterns. The plasma intensity in the asymmetric is much stronger than the symmetric pattern. The fitted OH spectrum reveals that the gas temperature of the plasma can reach 2600 K, which can sustain the thin vapor layer. According to the broadening of the Hα line, the electron density is estimated to be about 7.1 × 1015 cm−3. Furthermore, when the stable vapor layer is formed, the impedance of the gap increases from 70 Ω to 2000 Ω when the plasma is established. The electron density is estimated again according to the plasma impedance to be about 1015–1016 cm−3.
Electrically tunable graphene metamaterial with strong broadband absorption
Authors: Yao Wei , Tang Linlong , Nong Jinpeng , Wang Jun , Yang Jun , Jiang Yadong , Shi Haofei , Wei Xingzhan
Published: October 2020

The coupling system with dynamic manipulation characteristics is of great importance for the field of active plasmonics and tunable metamaterials. However, the traditional metal-based architectures suffer from a lack of electrical tunability. In this study, a metamaterial composed of perpendicular or parallel graphene-Al2O3-graphene stacks is proposed and demonstrated, which allows for the electric modulation of both graphene layers simultaneously. The resultant absorption of hybridized modes can be modulated to more than 50% by applying an external voltage, and the absorption bandwidth can reach 3.55 μm, which is 1.7 times enhanced than the counterpart of single-layer graphene. The modeling results demonstrate that the small relaxation time of graphene is of great importance to realize the broadband absorption. Moreover, the optical behaviors of the tunable metamaterial can be influenced by the incident polarization, the dielectric thickness, and especially by the Fermi energy of graphene. This work is of a crucial role in the design and fabrication of graphene-based broadband optical and optoelectronic devices.
One-dimensional twisted and tubular structures of zinc oxide by semiconductor-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid synthesis
Authors: Pham Thang , Kommandur Sampath , Lee Haeyeon , Zakharov Dmitri , Filler Michael A , Ross Frances M
Published: October 2020

The exploration of unconventional catalysts for the vapor–liquid–solid synthesis of one-dimensional materials promises to yield new morphologies and functionality. Here, we show, for the model ZnO system, that unusual nanostructures can be produced via a semiconductor (Ge) catalyst. As well as the usual straight nanowires, we describe two other distinct morphologies: twisted nanowires and twisted nanotubes. The twisted nanotubes show large hollow cores and surprisingly high twisting rates, up to 9°/μm, that cannot be easily explained through the Eshelby twist model. A combination of ex situ and in situ transmission electron microscopy measurements suggest that the hollow core results from a competition between growth and etching at the Ge–ZnO interface during synthesis. The twisting rate is consistent with a softening of elastic rigidity. These results indicate that the use of unconventional, nonmetallic catalysts provides opportunities to synthesize unusual oxide nanostructures with potentially useful properties.
Features of non-classical light during its interaction with atoms and semiconductor nano-systems
Authors: Popolitova D V , Tikhonova O V
Published: October 2020

The interactions of a three-level atomic system with a single mode of quantized field is investigated analytically. The effect of coherent population trapping is demonstrated for an arbitrary initial quantum field state and the peculiarities of this regime in squeezed vacuum light are found. Mutual influence between atomic and field subsystems and their entanglement arising during the interaction is demonstrated. A significant change of the field state during the interaction is shown. The possibility of photon bunching and anti-bunching and the formation of a quantum field with non-Gaussian properties is found.
Microscopic approach to the macrodynamics of matter with broken symmetries
Authors: Mabillard Joël , Gaspard Pierre
Published: October 2020

A unified set of hydrodynamic equations describing condensed phases of matter with broken continuous symmetries is derived using a generalization of the statistical-mechanical approach based on the local equilibrium distribution. The dissipativeless and dissipative parts of the current densities and the entropy production are systematically deduced in this approach by expanding in powers of the gradients of the macrofields. Green–Kubo formulas are obtained for all the linear transport coefficients. The consequences of microreversibility and spatial symmetries are investigated, leading to the prediction of cross effects resulting from Onsager–Casimir reciprocal relations. Crystalline solids and liquid crystals are potential examples of application. The approach is clarifying the links between the microscopic Hamiltonian dynamics and the thermodynamic and transport properties at the macroscale.
The CROSS experiment: search for 0v2β decay with surface sensitive bolometers
Authors: Zolotarova Anastasiia
Published: October 2020

CROSS (Cryogenic Rare-event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity) is a project aiming to develop a new bolometric technology enabling an active background rejection in 0v2β search. The isotopes of interest are 100Mo and 130Te, and bolometers are based on Li2MoO4 and TeO2 crystals. The key feature of CROSS detectors is the possibility of pulseshape discrimination of near surface interactions. An ultrapure superconductive aluminum film, deposited on the crystal surface, is acting as a pulse-shape modifier for phonon sensors, providing separation of surface events from bulk ones. First prototypes were produced and successfully tested aboveground with the rejection of α surface radioactivity higher than 99.9%. A demonstrator with 32 0.28-kg Li2
100MoO4 crystals will be installed in a dedicated cryostat in the Canfranc underground laboratory (Spain) to confirm the reproducibility of surface sensitive bolometers. CROSS demonstrator can obtain sensitivities to the effective Majorana mass down to 70 meV in the most favorable conditions. The CROSS technology can be applied for future ton-scale experiments, reaching sensitivities to the effective Majorana mass down to 10 meV.
Research on adaptive ship type for new channel of Three Gorges Project
Authors: Lei Jiang , Ji Yongbo , Chen Shunhuai
Published: October 2020

Under the background that ships waiting for locks is becoming normal and increasingly intensified, the need to build a new channel of Three Gorges to enhance the navigability of the golden waterway of the Yangtze River is very urgent. The construction of new channel ship locks will inevitably involve the coordination of the new channel representative ship types and existing ships and ship locks and joint scheduling. This article studies the rules of necessary freight rate (RFR), energy efficiency design index (EEDI), transportation efficiency with the length and the width of the ship based on the limitation of channel and lock on the main dimensions of ships. The main dimension series of representative ship types suitable for the new passage of the Three Gorges Project are put forward.
Highway traffic state prediction method considering risky driving behavior
Authors: Zhiqiang Hao , Shuyun Niu , Tao Li Jiang , Fei Su
Published: October 2020

In recent years, with the continuous development of the national economy, the state and people have a higher demand for the service level of the highway, which also requires highway managers to have a more accurate prediction of the running state of the highway. So this paper proposes an Elman neural network highway state prediction method considering the risky driving behavior. In this method, expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process are used to calculate the weight of highway risk driving behavior, and then Elman neural network is used to establish the highway state recognition model based on the weight and traffic flow data. Finally, the data of expressways within 4 days is used as the sample training model, and the data of the fifth day is used as the test sample for testing. The results show that the model has a high accuracy for predicting the future traffic status, and it can also provide reference and support for the active traffic early warning and management.
Analysis of the forces in the construction of large-span steel box girder by incremental construction
Authors: Zhuoqun Chen , Ming Li , Zongrun Rao , Jiaqi Bi
Published: October 2020

Taking a large-span steel curved bridge in Yunnan Province as the research object, this paper focuses on the multi-point jacking construction technology and construction control points, which provides the basis for the limited jacking construction planning and reasonable arrangement of working procedures in Yunnan Province. Taking the successful application of a large-span steel box girder on the pusher as an example, the numerical simulation of the steel pushing process is carried out by using the finite element software 3D3S, and the data analysis of the structure is summarized in this paper, which provides reference for solving similar engineering problems in the future.
An activity-based bottleneck model with stochastic capacity
Authors: Chengjie Gong
Published: October 2020

This study investigated commuters’ departure time choice with stochastic capacity. It has typically been solved by using Vickrey’s bottleneck model which doesn’t take the impact of commuters’ activity on decision-making into account. We added activity utility parameters to Vickrey’s bottleneck model. Travel costs became negative utility. The model considered home-activity utility before work and work-activity utility in the morning rush. Simultaneously, the capacity of the bottleneck changed randomly between a designed value (good condition) and a degraded one(bad condition). We derived six reasonable equilibrium patterns by maximizing the commuters’ activity utility and closed form solutions to all possible equilibrium patterns. The departure rate curve for each equilibrium pattern was made within a reasonable parameter range.
Research on Applicability of Anti-rutting Agent LY to Different Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Yiluo Zhang , Ning Li
Published: October 2020

In order to study the applicability of anti-rutting agent LY to different asphalt mixtures, six asphalt mixtures, including AC-16, AC-16+0.4% anti-rutting agent, SBS modified asphalt AC-16, SBS modified asphalt AC-16+0.4% anti-rutting agent, SMA-16, SMA-16+0.4% anti-rutting agen, were tested for high temperature performance, low temperature performance and water stability performance. The test results show that the anti-rutting agent LY can improve the high temperature performance, low temperature performance and water stability of AC-16 and SMA-16 asphalt mixtures, and the effect is best when used with AC-16 asphalt mixtures. Compared with SBS modified asphalt mixture, although anti-rutting agent LY can improve its high-temperature performance, it has a negative impact on its low-temperature performance and water stability, so it is not recommended to use anti-rutting agent LY together with SBS modified asphalt mixture.
Study on Gradation and Performance of Cold Patch Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Qiang Li , Feiyi Liu , Xiao Luo , Fan Shen
Published: October 2020

In this paper, SMA-13 and LB-13 gradations are designed in order to study the influence of cold patch asphalt mixture gradation and the component changes of cold patch asphalt liquid on the performance of cold patch asphalt mixture. By measuring the volume parameters and Marshall stability of the two asphalt mixtures, the gradations are compared and analyzed. By measuring the Marshall stability and residual stability of LB-13 cold patch asphalt mixture with different anti stripping agent content, asphalt to diesel ratio and cold patch agent content, the influence of the component changes of cold patch asphalt liquid on the Marshall performance and water stability of the mixture was studied. It is found that the Marshall stability of LB-13 asphalt mixtures is slightly lower than that of SMA-13 asphalt mixtures, and the void ratio is 13.4%, which is conducive to diesel volatilization. Compared with SMA-13 gradation, LB-13 asphalt mixture is more suitable as the reference gradation of cold patch asphalt mixture. When the content of anti stripping agent is 0.30 % ∼ 0.40 %, the Marshall stability of cold patch asphalt mixture increases gradually with the increase of anti stripping agent content, while the immersion residual stability increases first and then decreases with the increase of anti stripping agent content, and the immersion residual stability reaches the highest value (89.2 %) when the content of anti stripping agent is 0.35 %. When the ratio of asphalt to diesel is 74:24 ∼ 82:16, the residual stability of cold patch asphalt mixture increases with the increase of the ratio of asphalt to diesel, and when the ratio of asphalt to diesel is more than 80:14, the Marshall stability of cold patch asphalt mixture increases significantly, which is higher than 7 kN. The Marshall stability of cold patch asphalt mixture decreases with the increase of cold patch agent when the content of cold patch agent is 1.7 % ∼ 2.3 %; the immersion residual stability decreases first and then increases with the increase of cold patch agent, and reaches the highest when the content of cold patch agent is 1.7 %, which is 89.6 %. Considering the Marshall performance and water stability of cold patch asphalt mixture, when the ratio of asphalt to diesel oil is 78:20, the content of cold patch agent is 1.7 %, and the content of anti stripping agent is 0.35 %, the performance of cold patch asphalt mixture is the best.