bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
China's Perception of Risk and the Concept of Comprehensive National Power
Authors: Golden Sean
Published: October 2017

This article approaches the concept of risk from a Chinese perspective and traces its evolution throughout the history of Chinese thought, from the classics to the present. It analyzes underlying elements that have given rise to its current form, in comparison with elements of the same concept in the West, and describes how the perception of risk has helped shape the guidelines of China's ongoing transformation, as in the case of 'peaceful development' and a 'harmonious world'. It identifies the main domestic and foreign risks that threaten the sustainability of China's development, and discusses the concept of 'comprehensive national power'.
Internationalization of Culture through Traditional Arts: A Case of Japanese SMEs
Authors: Garcia Gloria
Published: October 2017

There are two important subjects concerning internationalization strategies that are of interest to academia, the business community and society in general. The first one is internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); the other one is internationalization of local cultures. This article provides insights into the specific internationalization strategies used by Japanese SMEs to export traditional arts to foreign markets, focusing on Japanese pottery for the tea ceremony. SMEs encounter difficulties concerning limited resources in their internationalization process, but what is the situation of SMEs whose business activity is linked to indigenous cultural factors? The findings have been obtained from in-depth interviews with pottery artists as well as qualitative analysis of websites and other sources and they suggest a new previous phase in the export of products with a cultural meaning. I called this phase the 'reverse prior phase' and I argue that it might be a suitable way to start the internationalization process for Japanese traditional arts.
Networking and Knowledge Transfer in Malaysian SMEs through University-
Authors: Yee Whah Chin , Ka Tiek Lim
Published: October 2017

This report demonstrates the application of a model that treats the state, society and economy in a concrete case study of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It approaches the transformation of Malaysian SMEs by using a triangular model. The model focuses on university–industry engagement within the context of the state's educational policies and programmes that encourage the transfer of knowledge. Within this context, the report explores and pilots a new approach, which aims to transform Malaysian SMEs, especially contract manufacturers of multinational corporations. The model provides a least-cost, timely, competent and sustainable solution to the needs of all stakeholders.
China's Trade in Steel Products: Evolution of Policy Goals and Instruments
Authors: In der Heiden Peter Thomas
Published: October 2017

There is a growing consensus in development economics suggesting that successful economic policies feature a combination or succession of inward- and outward-oriented strategies. This article asks whether the Chinese government

is pursuing such a mixed approach, which seeks to both harness opportunities from increased trade and investment and, at the same time, promote the development of domestic industries as well as import substitution. Following

China's World Trade Organization accession, most export promotion measures became illegal. Policy makers were thus deprived of an effective tool for steering the international business activities of firms through administering

incentive and control mechanisms. Their goal of promoting structural change in industries crippled by large overcapacity, low technology levels and low concentration ratios, was thus greatly complicated. Using the steel industry as an example, the article suggests that differentiated export steering continues to exist. It then goes on to ask under what conditions, in what ways and to what extent authorities are acting to harmonize firms' export behaviour with their long-term industrial development conceptions. The article finds

that trade policy is not only product sensitive but dependent on technological sophistication, with high-tech products enjoying more favourable treatment.
Adjusting to the Financial Crisis: How Emerging Markets and Developed Economies Have Fared
Authors: Risager Ole
Published: October 2017

This article provides an overview of how the G3 (USA, the euro area and Japan) and Asian emerging markets (EM Asia) have fared following the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008. The article shows that EM Asia weathered the crisis much better than the G3 for a number of reasons. First, EM Asia had little direct exposure to the failed financial institutions and it was therefore 'only' hit indirectly through a sharp decline in trade and through a rise in financial market turmoil. Second, leading EM Asian nations adopted government stimulus packages that in many cases were bolder than in the G3, which helped to cushion the sharp decline in exports. Third, as a result of the reforms following the Asian crisis, EM Asia had healthy government finances and significant foreign exchange reserves, which also helped. Because the financial crisis was triggered by the bursting of a housing bubble in the USA, the article also analyses the extent to which the same could happen in China, where house prices again are rising. Finally, the article discusses the new activist monetary policy in Japan that aims to bring an end to deflation.
China's Eagerness to Export Its High-speed Rail Expertise to ASEAN Members
Authors: Hong Yu
Published: October 2017

The Chinese government is adopting a 'going-out' strategy to promote China's high-end rail technology overseas and strengthen its global competitiveness. This article examines China's high-speed rail diplomacy towards the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and uncovers the link between China's ambitious foreign policies towards the ASEAN and both national pride and commercial stakes in promoting high-speed rail in the region. It analyses the rationale behind China's high-speed rail development proposals for the ASEAN in the context of the rise of China and rivalry between China and Japan. China is especially eager to participate in the construction of high-speed railroads with ASEAN members. The high-speed rail link can forge regional economic integration within the ASEAN. For ASEAN member states, China is a key external investor and contractor for their infrastructure development. Nevertheless, China is facing serious challenges to the realization of its proposals.
Literacy and Education in Contemporary China: Daunting Challenges amidst Rapid Economic Development
Authors: Yeoh Emile Kok-Kheng , Chu Kah-Mun
Published: October 2017

Education is undoubtedly playing an important role in economic development. The overall illiteracy rate in China has been decreasing since 1980 but there are still some areas such as the western region and rural areas that continue to suffer from a high level of illiteracy due to the lack of capital inflow and government funding. This has indirectly affected economic growth and development in those particular areas. The government has launched various plans and policies to overcome or ameliorate the problems of educational and economic inequality, especially in the western region, and with all these efforts the government has been able to successfully reduce illiteracy and to a certain extent reduce inequality at the regional level. However, due to funding inequalities and shortcomings of government policies, education still faces daunting challenges in contemporary China.
China's Low Carbon Energy Policy: National Dilemmas and Global Perspectives
Authors: Odgaard Ole
Published: October 2017

China has embarked on a more sustainable path to becoming an industrialized and developed nation. The main drivers are the insecurity of fossil energy supply, widespread pollution, and acute water shortage caused by exploitation of coal in northern China. China is now a leading nation regarding deployment of green energy technologies. But at the same time coal-based power plants seem to be commissioned more extensively than prescribed in the Five-Year Plans. Many local governments favour short term economic growth and employment creation and resent more costly green policies, despite pressure from the central government. In the coming decades, China will be the main contributor to the growing global energy consumption of especially oil, coal and nuclear power; it will also be the main contributor to global growth in CO2 emissions. However, recent policy initiatives launched by the central government aim to bypass the local opposition to greener development by introducing more economic incentives to reduce fossil fuel demand. The outcome of these attempts to weaken federalist governance will be imperative for a more sustainable development of China's energy sector.
Narratives of Ethnolinguistic Bordering:Cultural Encounters of Philippine Nikkeijin Workers in Aichi, Japan
Authors: Vilog Ron Bridget
Published: October 2017

By virtue of Japan's 1990 Immigration Policy, the so-called 'nikkeijin' or descendants of Japanese nationals who emigrated and settled in American and Southeast Asian territories before the Second World War, have been allowed to 'return' to their ancestral homeland (Japan). As a consequence, thousands of Brazilians, Peruvians and Filipino nikkeijin have been granted residency status by the Japanese government, with the clear expectation that they demonstrate cultural proximity leading to integration. Within their workplaces, nikkeijin encounter various cultures and ethnicities whose social positions and images are shaped by perceptions and expectations of the wider Japanese society. This article explores the formation and modification of ethnic boundaries, accompanied by the fragmentation of identities, during the experience of migration. The dynamics of 'identity bordering', based on regionalistic affiliations, are not only ignited by cultural stereotyping or ethnic attribution, they are also underpinned by the mechanism of power politics within the workplace. This study utilized the life history interviews of 60 third generation (sansei) and fourth generation (yonsei) Filipino nikkeijin, who are currently working in manufacturing plants and factories in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
China's Experimental Pragmatics of 'Scientific Development' in Wind Power: Algorithmic Struggles over Software in Wind Turbines
Authors: Kirkegaard Julia
Published: October 2017

This article presents a case study on the development of China's wind power market. As China's wind industry has experienced a quality crisis, the Chinese government has intervened to steer the industry towards a turn to quality, indicat-ing a pragmatist and experimental mode of market development. This increased focus on quality, to ensure the sustainable and scientiﬁc development of China's wind energy market, requires improved indigenous Chinese innovation capabili-ties in wind turbine technology. To shed light on how the turn to quality impacts upon the industry and global competition, this study adopts the micro-proces-sual, socio-technical, relational and empiricist lens of Science & Technology Stud-ies (STS). It illustrates how Sino-foreign collaborative relations around the core technology of software (in control systems and simulation tools) have become politicised, and how controversies unfold over issues associated with intellectual property rights (IPRs), certiﬁcation and standardisation of software algorithms. The article concludes that the use of this STS lens makes a fresh contribution to the often path-dependent, structuralist and hierarchical China literature, offering instead a possibility- and agency-ﬁlled account that can shed light on the dynam-ics of China's fragmented governance and experimental market development.
Changes to the Regulatory Framework of the Chinese Rare Earth Industry after the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Howanietz Roland
Published: October 2017

In the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, the Chinese government radically adjusted the regulatory framework of the domestic Rare Earth Elements (REEs) sector. This article investigates the reasons for regulatory adjustments and the impact on China's market power. The analysis of long-term REEs price and production trends illustrates four reasons for regulatory adjustments: the China discount, the need for industrial upgrading, growing domestic REEs demand and severe environmental pollution. The analysis of the effects of regulations shows that the restrictive trade regime has increased China's market power and ability to affect prices, which led to a redistribution of global welfare in favour of China. However, this market power is only temporary due to foreign countermeasures such as WTO-based allegations.
12 Years of Repair of Amalgam and Composite Resins: A Clinical Study
Authors: Estay J , Martín J , Viera V , Valdivieso J , Bersezio C , Vildosola P , Mjor IA , Andrade MF , Moraes RR , Moncada G , Gordan VV , Fernández E
Published: October 2017

Objective:

The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate repaired posterior amalgam and composite restorations over a 12 year period, investigate the influence of repair in the survival of restorations, and compare their behavior with respect to controls.

Methods:

Thirty-four patients, 18 to 80 years of age with 167 restorations, 67 composite resin (RC), and 100 amalgam (AM) restorations, participated. Restorations with localized, marginal, anatomical deficiencies and/or secondary caries, and “clinically judged” suitable for repair or replacement according to US Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria, were randomly assigned to four groups: repair (n=35, 20 AM, 15 RC), replacement (n=43, 21 AM, 22 RC), positive control (n=71, 49 AM, 22 RC), or negative control (n=18, 10 AM, 8 RC). The quality of the restorations was blind scored according to the modified USPHS criteria. Two examiners scored them at initial status (κ=0.74) and after one to five, 10, and 12 years (κ=0.88). Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests provided for comparisons within the same group and between years, respectively.

Results:

p ≥0.05). Better behavior in roughness was observed in replaced RC ( p =0.049).After 12 years, all groups behaved similarly in marginal adaptation, marginal stain, teeth sensitivity, anatomic form, and luster (

Conclusions:

Given that most clinical parameters investigated were similar between all groups during the follow-up, the repair of RC and AM restorations is a good clinical option because it is minimally invasive and can consistently increase the longevity of restorations.
Effect of Light Activation of Pulp-Capping Materials and Resin Composite on Dentin Deformation and the Pulp Temperature Change
Authors: Soares CJ , Ferreira MS , Bicalho AA , de Paula Rodrigues M , Braga SSL , Versluis A
Published: October 2017

Objectives:

To analyze the effect of pulp-capping materials and resin composite light activation on strain and temperature development in the pulp and on the interfacial integrity at the pulpal floor/pulp-capping materials in large molar class II cavities.

Methods:

Forty extracted molars received large mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity bur preparation with 1.0 mm of dentin remaining at the pulp floor. Four pulp-capping materials (self-etching adhesive system, Clearfil SE Bond [CLE], Kuraray), two light-curing calcium hydroxide cements (BioCal [BIO], Biodinâmica, and Ultra-Blend Plus [ULT], Ultradent), and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement– (Vitrebond [VIT], 3M ESPE) were applied on the pulpal floor. The cavities were incrementally restored with resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE). Thermocouple (n=10) and strain gauge (n=10) were placed inside the pulp chamber in contact with the top of the pulpal floor to detect temperature changes and dentin strain during light curing of the pulp-capping materials and during resin composite restoration. Exotherm was calculated by subtracting postcure from polymerization temperature (n=10). Interface integrity at the pulpal floor was investigated using micro-CT (SkyScan 1272, Bruker). The degree of cure of capping materials was calculated using the Fourier transform infrared and attenuated total reflectance cell. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (α=0.05).

Results:

Pulpal dentin strains (μs) during light curing of CLE were higher than for other pulp-capping materials (p<0.001). During resin composite light activation, the pulpal dentin strain increased for ULT, VIT, and CLE and decreased for BIO. The pulpal dentin strain was significantly higher during pulp-capping light activation. The temperature inside the pulp chamber increased approximately 3.5°C after light curing the pulp-capping materials and approximately 2.1°C after final restoration. Pulp-capping material type had no influence temperature increase. The micro-CT showed perfect interfacial integrity after restoration for CLE and ULT; however, gaps were found between BIO and pulpal floor in all specimens. BIO had a significantly lower degree of conversion than ULT, VIT, and CLE.

Conclusions:

Light curing of pulp-capping materials caused deformation of pulpal dentin and increased pulpal temperature in large MOD cavities. Shrinkage of the resin composite restoration caused debonding of BIO from the pulpal floor.
Effect of Vital Tooth Bleaching on Surface Roughness and Streptococcal Biofilm Formation on Direct Tooth-Colored Restorative Materials
Authors: Wongpraparatana I , Matangkasombut O , Thanyasrisung P , Panich M
Published: October 2017

Objective:

To compare the effect of simulated bleaching with a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) or a 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) system on surface roughness of resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) and streptococcal biofilm formation on these surfaces.

Methods and Materials:

Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sanguinis , and trypticase soy broth control for 24 hours. Biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining, and the structure was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The differences between the mean changes in Ra between the 10% CP and 40% HP groups of each material were evaluated with an independent t -test. The quantity of biofilm formation on each material was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance with the post hoc Tukey test ( α =0.05).Specimens of nanofilled resin composite and RMGI (n=108 each) were randomly divided into three groups (n=36 each): no treatment control, 10% CP, and 40% HP. The surface roughness values (Ra) were measured before and after treatments. The specimens in each group were randomly divided into three subgroups (n=12) and incubated with

Results:

S. mutans biofilm formation, bleaching with 10% CP and 40% HP increased biofilm on both materials compared to controls. However, S. sanguinis biofilm formation was significantly higher on bleached resin composite but not on RMGI specimens.Surface roughness significantly increased after bleaching in all groups. There was no significant difference between the 10% CP and 40% HP groups of each material. For

Conclusions:

S. sanguinis biofilm on RMGI.Simulated bleaching with 10% CP or 40% HP increased both surface roughness and biofilm formation on resin composite and RMGI, except for
A Clinical Study on the Effect of Injection Sites on Efficacy of Anesthesia and Pulpal Blood Flow in Carious Teeth
Authors: Zheng QH , Hong QC , Zhang L , Ye L , Huang DM
Published: October 2017

This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficiency of maxillary infiltration anesthesia in carious teeth at two different injection sites and their impact on the laser Doppler recordings of pulpal blood flow (PBF) during a caries excavation procedure. The null hypothesis tested was that there are no differences in the efficiency of anesthesia and PBF reduction between maxillary infiltrations at the two injection sites. One hundred twenty patients were divided into three groups according to the degree of carious lesion of their maxillary left central incisors (moderate caries, deep caries, or no caries). Forty patients in each group randomly received infiltrations over the root apex of maxillary left central incisors (site X) or over the midpoint of the line connecting the root apexes of both maxillary left central and lateral incisors (site Y) using 0.9 mL 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline. Teeth were pulp tested at five-minute intervals after injection except for the period of cavity cutting, which was done 12 minutes after injection. The PBF changes after injection were monitored by laser Doppler flowmetry. The observation period in this study was 60 minutes. Success of anesthesia was defined as no or mild pain on cavity cutting by visual analog scale recordings. Deep caries group showed significantly higher baseline PBF ( p <0.05). All groups showed 100% success of anesthesia and similar duration time ( p >0.05). Subgroups that had the injection at site Y showed significantly less reduction of PBF ( p <0.05). Cavity-cutting procedures increased the amplitude of the PBF around the lowest value after injection. Independent of the cavity depth, carious anterior teeth anesthetized by infiltration further from the apex had significantly less reduction on the pulpal blood flow compared with teeth anesthetized by infiltration at the apex.
Adhesive Durability Inside the Root Canal Using Self-adhesive Resin Cements for Luting Fiber Posts
Authors: Bitter K , Maletic A , Neumann K , Breschi L , Sterzenbach G , Taschner M
Published: October 2017

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of various self-adhesive resin cements on the push-out bond strengths and nanoleakage expression at the luting interfaces of fiber posts immediately and after one year of aging.

Methods and Materials:

One hundred forty-four extracted human anterior teeth were endodontically treated. After post space preparation, fiber posts were luted using five commercially available self-adhesive resin (SAR) cements and a core build-up material applied with a self-etch adhesive (BF: Bifix SE/Rebilda Post, VOCO; CSA: Clearfil SA Cement/Rely X Fiber Post, 3M ESPE; RX: RelyX Unicem 2/Rely X Fiber Post, 3M ESPE; SPC: Speed Cem/FRC Postec, Ivoclar Vivadent; SMC: Smart Cem/X Post, Dentsply; RB: Rebilda DC-Futurabond/Rebilda Post; n=22). For each group, half of the specimens were subjected to thermocycling (TC) (5°C-55°C, 10,000 cycles) and stored humid for one year at 37°C. Push-out bond strength data of six slices (thickness 1 mm) per root and nanoleakage expression of representative specimens were evaluated after 24 hours (baseline) and after TC and storage for one year (aging), respectively.

Results:

Bond strength differed significantly among resin cements (p<0.0005) and the location inside the root canal (p<0.0005), but not by aging (p=0.390; repeated-measures analysis of variance). SMC (14.6±5.8 MPa) and RX (14.1±6.8 MPa) revealed significantly higher bond strength compared to BF (10.6±5.4 MPa) and RB (10.0±4.6 MPa) but differed not significantly from SPC (12.8±4.8) MPa; CSA (6.1±4.6 MPa) revealed significantly lower bond strength compared to all other investigated materials (p<0.05; Tukey Honestly Significantly Different). Qualitative nanoleakage analysis revealed more silver deposits at the interface in all groups after aging. For CSA, a large amount of silver deposits inside the cement was also observed at baseline and after aging.

Conclusions:

Fiber post luting using SAR cements demonstrated reliable bond strengths. Product-specific differences and initial degradation effects could be demonstrated.
Efectos fisiológicos de badea (Passiflora quadrangularis) y yuca (Manihot esculenta) utilizando recubrimientos a base de cera y parafina bajo conservación en frío.
Authors: Sánchez Soto Juan Manuel , Ramos Licelander Hennessey , Torres Mendoza Eyleen Jenniffer
Published: October 2017

Los mercados hortofrutícolas ante los retos de la conservación de alimentos dejan al descubierto la necesidad de identificar y evaluar los tratamientos de conservación adecuados para productos en fresco, para disminuir al máximo las pérdidas poscosecha y prolongar su vida en anaquel.El objetivo de este estudio es valorar el comportamiento de los recubrimientos de la badea (Passiflora quadrangularis) con cera y la yuca (Manihot esculenta) empleando parafina grado alimenticio, determinando los cambios fisiológicos que pueden alterar la calidad en condiciones controladas de almacenamiento. En Passiflora quadrangularis,después de 12 días de almacenamiento, se encontró una pérdida de peso de 18.63 g en promedio, con el tratamiento de cera comercial (KMnO4 en bolsas PE perforadas, con una pérdida de 1.11 g/100g, un peso de 1307.11 ± 177.00 g, rendimiento del jugo y arilo 15.01 ± 1.86 %, y pulpa 69.29 ± 4.82 %,pH promedio de 3.91 ± 0.12, sólidos solubles de 10.78, acidez de 0.80 ± 0.10 g/100g. En cuanto a la yuca se encontró un peso de 565.40 ± 323.50 g, longitud 23.58 cm ± 6.18, y diámetro 60.53 mm. El tratamiento de parafinado presentó un rendimiento de 76.68% ± 7.55 y una pérdida de humedad del 16.20% ± 1.2.La tasa respiratoria de la yuca sin parafinar al transcurrir los 15 días fue de 100.57 /Kg*h y parafinada fue 116.82 mg CO2 mg CO2 conservación son efectivos, mantienen la calidad del fruto y controlan la pérdida de peso por transpiración.
Estudio comparativo de los programas de formación del SENA Regional Valle para la cadena hortofrutícola, comparados con un referente nacional e internacional
Authors: Recalde Rincones Víctor Huver
Published: October 2017

El presente documento realiza una comparación de la cantidad y áreas de desempeño atendidas por los diferentes programas de formación de: operario, técnico y tecnólogo del SENA Regional Valle, para la cualificación de los trabajadores de la cadena hortofrutícola del Valle del Cauca, los del SENA-Cundinamarca y los de España. Para la comparación se utilizó la metodología de EMBRAPA que propone respecto a estudio comparativos, seleccionar un referente nacional y uno internacional, por lo cual se seleccionó el programa del SENA de Cundinamarca, como referente nacional y los programas de España en lo internacional. Se presenta una brecha en los programas de formación de nivel operario, pues en España esta oferta es de siete, mientras que en el Valle del Cauca y Cundinamarca es cero; para todos los niveles en el área de seguridad y medioambiente y en el nivel de tecnólogos para el área química, en temas referidos a biotecnología. En relación con el referente nacional que es Cundinamarca, se encuentra igual situación con la oferta de programas en el área de seguridad alimentaria y químico, en el nivel técnico y tecnológico, resaltando el tema sobre biotecnología.
Evaluación comparativa de pérdidas de suelo en el corredor biológico entre parques nacionales Puracé y Cueva de los Guácharos en el Huila
Authors: Agudelo Perdomo Camilo Augusto , Torrente Trujilllo Armando , Vargas Adriana
Published: October 2017

El propósito de la investigación fue evaluar las pérdidas de suelo en parcelas experimentales del corredor biológico entre Parques Nacionales Naturales Puracé y la Cueva de los Guácharos en el departamento del Huila, en cultivos con manejo tradicional frente a manejo alternativo, resultados que fueron validados mediante la Ecuación Universal de Pérdidas de Suelo. Se realizó la medición de las pérdidas de suelo y se registraron las lluvias en un periodo de cuatro meses, calificando el periodo de lluvias como suaves, resultando mayor la erosión en el cultivo de café convencional (1,14 t.ha -1 .año -1 ), seguido de mora convencional (0,99 t.ha -1 .año -1 ) con diferencias significativas atribuidas al manejo de las coberturas. En cultivos con prácticas de labranza cero resultaron las menores pérdidas (0,37 t.ha -1 .año -1)en comparación con el manejo convencional (0,53 t.ha -1 .año -1 ), estos últimos incluyen quema, remoción de la cobertura y movimiento superficial del suelo. En los tratamientos con ganadería extensiva y semi-estabulada no se presentaron diferencias significativas en la erosión del suelo. No existe correlación significativa entre las pérdidas de suelo estimadas USLE y las medidas en las parcelas de escorrentía.
Incidencia de la Anisotropía en la detracción de agua de un sistema léntico o lótico por acciones antrópicas, determinada mediante modelación numérica
Authors: Aristizábal Rodríguez Héctor Fabio , Escobar Chalarca Carlos Alberto , Martínez Santos Pedro
Published: October 2017

Para estimar la cantidad de agua detraída de los humedales y ríos (sistemas léntico y lótico) que produce el aprovechamiento de aguas subterráneas, existen metodologías analíticas que incluyen como hipótesis la isotropía del medio en el plano XY, limitadas a condiciones particulares. En la actualidad, los modelos numéricos permiten considerar escenarios de simulación amplios y complejos. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo se propone determinar la importancia de incluir la anisotropía del medio en este proceso antrópico. La implementación se hizo en predios de las Haciendas Ginebra y San Felipe en el municipio de Tuluá, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, y se modeló con el paquete RIVER de la herramienta MODFLOW. Los resultados muestran la existencia de anisotropía, con valores para la conductividad hidráulica de Kx=1,9 m/día y Ky=0,75 m día. Se concluye que la anisotropía influye directamente en esta estimación y se sugiere que sea incluida en análisis similares para garantizar la sostenibilidad ambiental del sistema.
Evaluation of two levels of protein in diets for the Sabaleta Brycon Henni juveniles (Eigenmann, 1913).
Authors: Aguirre Gaviria María Cristina , Muñoz Arroyave Luz Elena
Published: October 2017

Este experimento se realizó con el objeto de evaluar dos niveles de proteína en juvenilesde sabaleta (Brycon henni), con dos dietas formuladas semipurificadas con proteína del24% y del 26%. Se utilizaron 132 peces obtenidos del medio natural, con peso de 1-3g,3,1-5g, 5,1-7g,con 22 peces por canaleta (3 réplicas). Los animales se aclimataron a lascondiciones de confinamiento de la Estación Piscícola de UNISARC, alimentados con fitoy zooplancton obtenido de los estanques de la estación piscícola durante un mes, y luegose les ofreció alimento cinco veces al día. Al final del periodo se pesaron y sacrificaron losanimales para determinar la tasa específica de crecimiento (SGR), la supervivencia, la tasa de eficiencia proteica (TEP), el consumo diario de alimento (CDA), los factores de conversión alimenticia (FCA) y de condición (K), la ganancia de peso porcentual (GP), el consumo diario de proteína/pez (GPD), el índice hepatosomático (IHS), el contenido de grasa (GM) y el índice viscerosomático (IVS). Los resultados se evaluaron con un diseño de bloques al azar, se tomó por bloques el rango de peso, con una curva de normalidad de pesos, compuesto por 2 tratamientos, con 3 repeticiones. El tratamiento con proteína del 24% mostró mejores características en la ganancia de peso día, GP, TEP y FCA. El alimento con proteína del 26% presentó mejores valores para las características SGR, K, IHS, IVS, CDA y DGP. La sobrevivencia para los tratamientos fue del 100%. Los resultados del experimento no arrojaron diferencias significativas (p< 0.05) para ninguna de las variables estudiadas.
Tecnologías no térmicas en el procesado y conservación de alimentos vegetales
Authors: Soleno Wilches Ronald
Published: October 2017

Durante las tres últimas décadas se ha hecho evidente una mayor preocupación por parte de los consumidores en la escala global respecto a la calidad e inocuidad de los alimentos que ofrece el mercado. En ese sentido, se denota una tendencia marcada hacia la búsqueda de productos saludables y/o que no representen riesgos significativos para la salud, y que además de ello ofrezcan una mayor frescura y practicidad a la hora de su consumo. En respuesta a esto, en un principio surgieron iniciativas orientadas a suprimir el uso de aditivos y conservantes, la mayoría basadas en procesos térmicos (pasteurización, esterilización, congelación, etc.), que si bien logran alargar la vida útil, inciden de manera directa sobre las características iniciales de los productos (frescura, textura, contenido de nutrientes, color, entre otros). En consecuencia se puso foco en la investigación y desarrollo de tecnologías de conservación que lograran mantener al máximo las propiedades naturales de los alimentos. En el caso particular de las frutas y hortalizas aparece el procesado mínimo, que combina la utilización de materiales plásticos como barrera, atmósferas modificadas (pasivas y activas), y almacenamiento refrigerado. Esta tecnología permite la obtención de productos frescos (cortados o no), pero con un periodo de vida útil limitado (7-15 días). Los avances recientes en el campo se enfocan en la utilización de tecnologías no térmicas, que logren conservar las características iniciales y la inocuidad de los productos vegetales durante un mayor periodo de tiempo, aunque también se han realizado avances en el desarrollo de tecnologías térmicas que reduzcan los efectos negativos sobre los productos tratados. Dentro de las tecnologías no térmicas se destacan los campos eléctricos pulsantes, ultrasonidos, las altas presiones hidrostáticas, irradiación, campos magnéticos oscilantes, plasma frío, luz blanca de alta intensidad, entre otros. El presente trabajo de revisión tiene como propósito el estudio de este tipo de tecnologías, poniendo énfasis en los principios básicos y su utilidad en el procesado de alimentos vegetales.
Impacto de la aplicación de la norma GlobalGAP, en el sector agroalimentario Latinoaméricano
Authors: Rincón Parra Nidia Stella , Figueredo César Augusto , Salazar Villamil Nubia Stella
Published: October 2017

La tendencia de los mercados globales ha sufrido cambios en variables que determinan la demanda, ya que la misma está supeditada a la trasformación de los hábitos del consumo, los cuales se están orientando hacia productos inocuos y sostenibles. Se identificó el impacto de la aplicación de la norma GlobalGAP, en el sector agroalimentario Latinoamericano, a partir de la tipificación del aseguramiento de la inocuidad de los alimentos y de las acciones para promover la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores, además de las gestiones orientadas a mitigar el impacto ambiental y potenciar la sostenibilidad de los recursos naturales. La investigación tomó como población objeto de estudio algunos casos publicados sobre las experiencias adquiridas en la implementación de esta norma, en el sector productivo hortofrutícola de Latinoamérica. Se identificaron 27 casos para hacer la revisión bibliográfica, los cuales se seleccionaron a partir del 2007 cuando adquirió el nombre de GlobalGAP; se evidenció la necesidad de expansión a nuevos mercados y/o requerimiento urgente de respaldo y reconocimiento a sus productos, y como criterios de evaluación se manejaron los tres pilares que la fundamentan. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos,uno de los más relevantes es el que permitió establecer que para los diferentes sectores productivos es importante lograr la certificación de sus productos como estrategia competitiva; sin embargo, es sustancial crear conciencia en dar los mismos niveles de importancia en su aplicación a los aspectos de inocuidad, seguridad y salud de los trabajadores y minimización del impacto ambiental.
Aceites esenciales preparados en forma de nanoemulsión para la formulación de productos cosméticos
Authors: Medina Calderón Favio Armando , Bautista Barrios Luis Carlos
Published: October 2017

En este trabajo se emplearon aceites esenciales con actividad antimicrobiana reportada (orégano, manzanilla, tomillo y limonaria), para obtener nanoemulsiones mediante una técnica de baja energía, en la cual se evaluaron diferentes relaciones de surfactante/aceite (1.5:1; 2:1; 2.5:1 y 3:1), y diferentes concentraciones de NaCl en la fase acuosa (0.01M, 0.1M y 0.5M). Las formulaciones que permitieron obtener nanoemulsiones fueron caracterizadas mediante microscopía de fuerza atómica y se incorporaron a diferentes concentraciones en formulaciones cosméticas (gel antibacterial y crema humectante) para evaluar el tamaño de gota, la actividad antimicrobiana y la capacidad que tienen de actuar como agentes conservantes. La nanoemulsión de orégano mostró los menores tamaños de gota, y una actividad antimicrobiana y capacidad conservante significativamente mayor, con respecto a las formulaciones control (productos sin nanoemulsión y con aceite esencial puro), cuando fue incorporado en formulaciones cosméticas.
Efeito da adição de biorregulador ao tratamento industrial sobre a qualidade de sementes de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) aos sessenta dias de armazenamento convencional
Authors: Caiubi Pereira Lucas , Garcia Mayara Mariana , Braccini Alessandro Lucca , Cavali Piana Samara , Ferri Gláucia Cristina , Cavalieri Matera Thaisa , Felber Pedro Henrique , Volpato Marteli Danilo Cesar
Published: October 2017

O tratamento industrial de sementes (TIS) é uma prática consolidada na agricultura, assegurando boa cobertura das sementes com defensivos, micronutrientes, pós-secantes e polímeros. Entretanto, são escassos os trabalhos em relação à manutenção da qualidade fisiológica das sementes, quando estas são tratadas com reguladores vegetais, particularmente no decorrer do armazenamento. Neste contexto, o objetivo no trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito da adição de biorregulador sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja aos 60 dias de armazenamento convencional. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Foram realizados os testes de germinação (primeira e última contagens), envelhecimento acelerado, comprimento de plântula (parte aérea, raiz primária e total), índice de velocidade de emergência em areia, porcentagem final de emergência das plântulas em substrato de areia e biomassa seca de plântula. Embora a análise de amostras no tempo zero de armazenamento propiciaria maior clareza na interpretação dos dados, observou-se que ainda que os TIS testados possam promover decréscimo no potencial fisiológico da soja, todos os tratamentos ultrapassaram o padrão mínimo de germinação (80%), indicando que os lotes estavam aptos para comercialização no período de até 60 dias de armazenamento convencional, independentemente da adição do biorregulador.
Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria, 1970-2010: ARDL Bounds Test Approach
Authors: Muazu Abdulrazak Umar , Mohammad Lawali
Published: October 2017

This paper analyses the impact of public expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria during the period 1970 to 2010 making use of annual time series data. The study employs the bounds testing (ARDL) approach toexamine the long run and short run relationships between public expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria. The bounds test suggested that the variables of interest put in the framework are bound together in the long-run. The associated equilibrium correction was also significant confirming the existence of long-run relationships. Our findings indicate the impact of total public spending on growth to be negative which is consistent with other past studies. Recurrent expenditure however was found to have little significant positive impact on growth. Therefore, government should increase its spending on infrastructure, social and economic activities.
Investigating Growth Indicators for Insurance Companies in UAE before recession (Comparative Study)
Authors: Wafik Doaa , Tharwat Assem
Published: October 2017

Insurance Companies provide coverage in the form of compensation resulting from loss, damages, injury, treatment or hardship in exchange for premium payments. Insurance as an industry involves pooling fundsfrom many insured entities (known as exposures) to pay for the losses that some may incur. Insurance asa financial intermediary is a commercial enterprise and a major part of the financial services industry. The Growth of insurance companies usually measured through certain Indicators such as the increment percentage in: net profit, total premium written, shareholders equity, total assets, net underwriting income, and net investment.Insurance industry established in UAE at early 70th of the last century (the first insurance company was El Sharjah Company which established at 1970). Now (after almost 40 years) there are more than sixty insurance companies playing a crucial role in both the UAE financial market and society.In this article the net profit, and total premium written growth indicators will be investigated for a selected group of insurance companies in UAE. Using the descriptive statistical tools, the graphical presentations and the control chart, a comparative study is performed among the selected group of insurance company based on the discussed indicators to evaluate their financial performance during the period of study.
Competency-Based Learning and the Future of Nigerian Colleges of Education: A Recipe Vocational and Technical Aptitude
Authors: Muhammad Lawal , Abdullahi Tijjani Uba
Published: October 2017

The importance of competency based learning cannot be ignored, considering the role it plays for effective learning and development of skills necessary for successful performance in a job. This paper attempts to review some conceptual issues on competency base learning, such as competency assessment and stages of its implementation. The paper further explained the applicability of the competency based learning in Nigerias colleges. The paper concludes by offering some recommendations, such as provision of legislative frame work for competency based learning to have the legal backing it deserves and equally to redefined institutional frame work in order to accommodate the system.
Evaluación de la Calidad de los Servicios Estudiantiles como soporte a la actualización del Sistema de Gestión de Calidad en un Instituto de Idiomas
Authors: Mejías Acosta Agustín Alexander , Infante Rojas Rafael Eduardo , Rosario Noguera Yoliana
Published: October 2017

Los estándares de calidad requieren que se supervisen las percepciones del cliente respecto a si cumplen con los requerimientos, es decir, su satisfacción. Por esta razón, las instituciones deben canalizar una buena parte de sus esfuerzos en establecer estrategiasdestinadas a garantizar la calidad en el servicio y así satisfacer a sus partes interesadas. La investigación realizada busca, mediante la aplicación de modelos teóricos, explicar las diversas causas que afectan la calidad de servicio en la institución. Evaluar la calidad de servicio puede resultar de gran ayuda para aumentar la capacidad de la organización de proporcionar un servicio que satisfaga los requisitos de sus partes interesadas. Utilizando la técnica multivariante del análisis de factores y aplicando el método de rotación Varimax a través del programa SPSS®, se lograron identificar tres dimensiones que determinan la Calidad de Servicio de la Institución las cuales son: atención al cliente, confiabilidad e infraestructura. Los resultados indican que el análisis de factores es idóneo para el estudio (KMO=0,870) y la escala utilizada es fiable (∝=0,822) y válida (pruebas estadísticas significativas al 5 %). Palabras clave: calidad de los servicios, evaluación, gestión de la calidad, análisis de factores.
Implementation of classroom management by English teachers at high schools in Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: Habibi Akhmad , Mukminin Amirul , Sofwan Muhammad , Sulistiyo Urip
Published: October 2017

This study was aimed at analyzing the implementation, processes and problems of classroom management in two Indonesian high schools from the perspective of English teachers in accordance with the latest, 2013, Indonesian curriculum. The research was qualitative with a case study approach. The sites for this study were two national senior high schools in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Eight teachers of English were involved as the research participants to provide a broad perspective of implementation of classroom management. The researchers used four techniques for collecting data: interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document review. To assess the trustworthiness of the research, the researchers did triangulation, member checking and reflexivity. The findings, describing the implementation, processes and problems of classroom management, are divided into three themes: (i) teaching standards, rules and procedures, (ii) classroom climate, and (iii) timing and scheduling. Policy recommendation proposed such as to limit the number of students (in a class), to provide up-to-date technology and to provide more training for teachers are not only for teachers but also for school authorities, and other stake holders for the betterment of Indonesian education.
“That’s the biggest impact!” Pedagogical values of movies in ELT classrooms
Authors: Ismail Nyak Mutia
Published: October 2017

Since many say watching movies can have a positive effect on language learning outcomes, this research was done to find out which skills movies can contribute most to, whether speaking, listening, reading, writing, vocabulary, grammar or cultural aspects. A qualitative research method was used for this study. This study was done to find out the teachers’ perceptions of using English movies in English Language Teaching (ELT) processes. Teachers from three different levels: primary, secondary, and senior high-school teachers were asked to answer a questionnaire set in accordance with the research topic. Five of them were senior high school teachers, two of them were junior high school teachers, and three of them were elementary school teachers. Creative interviews were also used as an additional data source. The results showed that most of the teachers agreed that movies play their biggest role and considerable advantages in developing cultural aspects and listening skills. Furthermore, some integration is possible between listening and speaking as well as with reading and writing because watching movies works better with integration of skills. Apparently, even though vocabulary can develop with this technique, grammar is not enhanced alone without being accompanied by writing.