bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate social responsibility rules as a tool of self-regulation in agriculture
Authors: LOMAKINA Iryna
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The issues of the formation and development of corporate social responsibility in agriculture is undeniably relevant for a large agrarian country of Ukraine o in view of the European integration processes. The rules of corporate social responsibility, on the basis of which the codes of ethics of the company are worked out, are the tools for of self-regulation of the economic entity, since the economic entities engaged in agriculture are interested in their working out and implementation.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to define the rules of corporate social responsibility as a tool for self-regulation in agriculture.
Results. The features of agriculture should be taken into account in the development of corporate social responsibility rules, in particular its environmental component (focus on sustainable rural development). The article studies the provisions of international treaties, international governmental and non-governmental organizations acts, EU legislation on CSR in agriculture.
It is pointed out that the set of the requirements in understanding the CSR rules is common to both agriculture and industry though the content is different. The provisions of the Single Integrated Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development in 2015-2020 should be voluntarily enshrined in the CSR rules for agricultural enterprises. The article defines the features of the rules of corporate social responsibility as an instrument of self-regulation of agriculture. Under this concept, the system of voluntarily accepted commitments by rural businesses in terms of providing economic and social needs of both workers and other members of society on the basis of the concept of sustainable development of rural territories is understood.
Conclusion. It is concluded that the content of the rules includes issues: environmental protection, social insurance and provision, educational and cultural development, dialogue with state authorities, antimonopoly and anticorruption complicity, corporate citizenship, development of territories.
Theoretical aspects of the controlling over an enterprise’s financial and economic activity
Authors: HERMAN Rymma , DIDENKO Yuliia
Published: April 2020

Introduction. In a market economy, the control system is considered as an important tool for the successful activity of an enterprise. That is why the analysis of modern definitions of the “control” concept based on various key features together with the identification of their peculiarities is especially important and will help to identify the main ways to establish and to improve an effective controlling system.
The purpose of the paper is to justify the theoretical aspects of the concept of control over the financial and economic activities of the enterprise.
Results. The article is devoted to the investigation of the theoretical aspects of the concept of control over the financial and economic activities of an enterprise. Based on the systematization of the views of most authors, it was found that today there is no universally accepted definition of the concept of control over the financial and economic activities of an enterprise. Most researchers consider the concept of control based on different key features. As a result of a critical analysis of modern researches, the authors identified a set of advantages and disadvantages in the reviewed concepts of control over the financial and economic activities of an enterprise. According to the results of the study, it is determined the need for considering control over the financial and economic activities of an enterprise as a special scientific concept according to the research method of its specific subject.
Conclusion. The economic content, the subject and the method are the common ground that unite all types of financial and economic control. However, each of these components, in its turn, has its own field of application and own specifics, which determine the classification of financial and economic control into types depending on its subjects. The variety of definitions of the concept of control shows the importance and at the same time the complexity of the reviewed concept. The main differences in the definitions of control are focused on the features of its types, since their characteristics make it possible to highlight the signs of a particular case, as well as the control itself. The generalization and systematization of the theoretical foundations on this issue has its practical value and will help to identify the main ways to improve and establish an effective control system.
Tools for proactive management of stabilization processes at the enterprise
Authors: ARTAMONOVA Nataliia , KOVALOVA Hanna
Published: April 2020

The article discusses strategic analysis tools, which are characteristic of the preventative stage of stabilization process management in the organization. The reasonable need for implementation of BSC and BFS that are balanced systems of strategic indicators and indicators of financial activity of the enterprise that are tools for in-depth diagnosis of external and internal factors, which have an influence on the organization, through which the management of the company will be able to respond to the threats of financial instability quickly. The system anticipates the identification of markers of early response to instability and situation markers, in order to quickly identify the signs of crisis and the causes of their occurrence. It is suggested to use both early response markers (early markers) and status markers according to the financial statements of the enterprise (late markers). It is determined that the BSC Balanced Scorecard enables the enterprise to: plan for stable profit and economic added value; increase the company's capitalization; conquer target markets; to achieve customer loyalty and ensure their retention; to ensure the progressiveness of technologies and the organization of business processes; to acquire leading competitive advantages; to create a powerful and highly qualified staff; identify the factors that affect the value of the company; respond to external and internal factors flexibly. The balanced scorecard BFS provides for studies of liquidity, financial stability, business activity, profitability; calculation and analysis of the integral indicator of the financial performance of the enterprise, indicating a stable or difficult situation and sources of possible threats.
Problems of commercialization of innovative products of industrial enterprises
Authors: MYROSHCHENKO Nataliia , ZARYTSKA Oksana , SYMAK Anastasiia
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The actuality of scientific research is confirmed by the fact that innovative activity is one of the key factors for straightening national competitiveness under the conditions of globalization. It is thanks to innovations that the business entity has the ability to develop its market positions, improve its economic efficiency and in turn create a bigger added value. At the same time, it is important to commercialize the results of the innovation activity are as much as possible, which aims at offering new high-tech products and services for the market. The effectiveness of its successful implementation enables innovation’s introduction on the market, as well as the achievement of its sustainable competitive advantages. That is why the problem of commercialization of innovative products should be seen by society, government, private business, scientists, because the solution of this problem lays in the competitiveness of goods and effects human life standards.
The purpose of the work is to highlight the problems that arise during the innovative products’ commercialization and to offer solutions to them.
Results. Based on the review and synthesis of literary sources, as well as the study of empirical data from domestic enterprises the key problems of high-tech products commercialization were identified, they include the following: the danger of premature diffusion of high-tech products, which is uncontrollable by the commercialization subjects; inaccuracy during the assessment of demand for high-tech products and forecasting their sales volume; the adequate choice strategy complexity and development of tactics for the promotion of high-tech products in the market; the lack of reasonable pricing approaches for high-tech products.
Conclusion. The article presents the key problems of innovative products’ commercialization and their solutions. The main directions for solving these problems were developed. In order to ensure both process of innovative products’ commercialization and innovative activity in general we propose number of recommendations in order to form an extensive information base for employees of the management subsystem and business analysts.
Hubungan Resiliensi dan Kualitas Tidur Mahasiswa Profesi Ners Universitas Klabat Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Kaparang Grace Fresania , Nabut Wini
Published: April 2020

Tidur merupakan proses biologis yang penting untuk kehidupan dan kesehatan yang optimal. Tidur berhubungan erat dengan kesehatan mental. Kualitas tidur dan resiliensi secara teoritis dapat membagi dasar mekanisme saraf yang saling mempengaruhi. Tujuan penelitian: untuk mengetahui hubungan resiliensi dan kualitas tidur pada mahasiswa profersi ners Universitas Klabat tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Metode Penelitian: merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Analisa data menggunakan uji spearman. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner Kesiliensi yang diterjemahkan dari Nicholson McBride Resilience Questionnaire (NMRQ), dan kualitas Tidur adalah Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), yang diberikan kepada 60 responden. Hasil analisa: menunjukan bahwa dari 60 responden 27 (45%) responden memiliki resiliensi “luar biasa” dan 3 (5%) responden memiliki resiliensi “berkembang” sedangkan Kualitas Tidur 57 (95%) responden memiliki “Kualitas Tidur Buruk” dan 3 (5%) memiliki “Kualitas Tidur Baik”. Hasil uji statistik korelasi Spearman, ditemukan nilai r = -0.149 dan p = .255 (> .05). Dengan demikian tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Resiliensi dan Kualitas Tidur pada mahasiswa Profesi Ners Universitas Klabat. Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020. Rekomendasi: bagi peneliti selanjutnya agar mengambil lebih banyak jumlah sampel dan mengobservasi perilaku resiliensi responden secara langsung dan tidak hanya bergantung pada kuesioner self-rated. Walaupun hasil penelitian tidak menunjukkan bahwa kualitas tidur memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan resiliensi, tetapi, tetap disarankan kepada mahasiswa profesi untuk menjaga kualitas tidur, bukan hanya karena ada alasan yang lain, tapi, bisa jadi resiliensi akan menurun setelah kualitas tidur buruk jangka panjang.

 

Kata kunci : resiliensi, kualitas tidur, mahasiswa
Influence of Climatic Factors on the Interannual Changes of Gonadosomatic Index of the Red Mullet Mullus barbatus ponticus in the Coastal Crimean Waters
Authors: Melnikova Elena B. , Kuzminova Natalya S.
Published: April 2020

The analysis of the influence of climatic factors on the interannual changes of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the red mullet Mullus barbatus ponticus, which inhabits the coastal waters of Crimea, was carried out. The dependence of the development of the reproductive system of the red mullet, determined by the gonadosomatic index, on temperature was revealed. It was found that the correlation coefficient between changes in the average temperature during the spawning and the GSI index is r = 0.98 for females and r = 0.97 for males. The maximum monthly average GSI values were observed in females and males of the M. barbatus ponticus, accordingly, in June, 4.29 and 3.76% and in July – 4.83 and 4.17%. An analysis of the size composition of the fish showed that the females are larger than males. For females, the predominant size group is 10.0–11.0 cm, and for males 9.0–10.0 cm. It was found that the red mullet, living in the coastal waters of the Crimea, has a slight positive allometric growth. A comparison in the developmental features of the red mullet that lives in different regions of the Black Sea-Mediterranean basin was made and the differences in the change in the GSI and other parameters are analyzed.
𝘚𝘱𝘰𝘥𝘰𝘱𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘢 𝘧𝘳𝘶𝘨𝘪𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘥𝘢 (J. E. SMITH, 1797) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) CONTROL AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BT MAIZE GENOTYPES
Authors: Scoton Ana Maria Nascimento , Degrande Paulo Eduardo , Da Silva Mariany Balbueno , Jacques Filipe Lemos , Lourenção André Luis Faleiros , De Souza Ellen Patricia
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the yield performance of Bt maize hybrids under field conditions with damage of the Spodoptera frugiperda in a completely randomized blocks design, under a factorial scheme, with four replications. Six treatments (five Bt maize hybrids and one non-Bt hybrid) were evaluated, with and without control of the S. frugiperda. In the evaluations of number of larvae and average damage scores on maize plants there was a lower incidence and lower damage of larvae on the genotypes containing Leptra® and Viptera 3® technologies and for the productive parameters there was no significant difference between the studied genotypes, even with and without chemical control of the pest. It was concluded that there are genotypes of corn resistant to S. frugiperda, however, there was no significant difference in the yield performance of the different hybrids when comparing the difference between lack of control and chemical control in the infestation conditions found in this study. This suggests that the levels of economic damage of S. frugiperda on corn crop are higher than the levels of infestation occurred in the study.
Empirical and computational innovative methods for the study of health in the educational process
Authors: ГОНЧАРЕНКО Марія , БОГОМАЗ Татьяна
Published: April 2020

In determining the state of human health, methods of empirical research and modern computer technologies are used. Nowadays, the science of valeology is developing, where human health is considered as a harmonious combination of physical, mental, emotional, intellectual, social, environmental and spiritual health. The Department of valeology in V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University developed a system of diagnosis of health, which allows you to monitor the state of the body from the cellular level, the level of systems and organs, to the level of energy component, as well as to determine the psycho-physiological and adaptive characteristics of the body. Monitoring is carried out with the help of instrument - computer software systems, developed on the basis of the latest achievements of science and technology, based on modern ideas about man as a complex material and energy-information structure. The diagnosis system is noninvasive, which makes it possible to use it in children's and student groups in the pedagogical process, as well as to determine the level of health and correction of post-traumatic syndrome.
Features of professional training of multimedia design specialists in higher education institutions of the people’s Republic of China
Authors: ЖЕНЬ Даі
Published: April 2020

The professional training of specialists in multimedia design in higher educational establishments of the People's Republic of China is considered. The results of the analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the research problem indicate that its various aspects were reflected in the scientific works of scientists who considered the professional skills of future design professionals at the level of higher education (E. Antonovich, Liu Guilin, Liu Chunilin, Schi Chanfa, Yu Zuguan, A. Antipovsky, N. Borevskaya, L. Kalashnik, Liu Donmin, V. Danilenko, M. Opalev, N. Pazura, Su Xiaohuan, N. Franchuk, Zhu Mutsu, Jia Yachen, M. Yakovlev, etc.). At the same time, the problem of professional development of specialists in multimedia design is not sufficiently researched. The psychological and pedagogical peculiarities and organizational and pedagogical conditions of the development of professional training of specialists in multimedia design in higher educational institutions of the artistic profile of the People's Republic of China are theoretically proven. The systematization, comprehension and generalization of the research results are carried out; the features and general tendencies of the modern media industry and its influence on the development of professional training of specialists in multimedia design in higher educational institutions are established; the characteristics of the media environment are outlined, the content and structure of multimedia activities are substantiated, its classification is identified. The essence of the basic concepts of research (professional training, multimedia design, media design) has been specified. The expediency of the main educational blocks, which provide activation of creative possibilities and professional training of specialists in multimedia design in higher educational institutions, is determined; the essence of their constituents is revealed; the theoretical conclusions are specified, the prospects for studying the problem in question are specified.
Психологічні та лінгвістичні чинники сприйняття і розуміння іншомовного тексту
Authors: ОЛЕКСАНДРЕНКО Катерина , МИСЕЧКО Ольга
Published: April 2020

Стаття присвячена проблемам дослідження лінгвістичних і психолінгвістичних чинників, які впливають на процес сприйняття та розуміння іншомовного тексту, що є важливою складовою у підготовці майбутніх фахівців з міжнародних відносин. Згідно із сучасними дослідженнями на рівні тексту реалізується задум висловлювання, проходить взаємодія мови і мислення. Описано найбільш поширені концепції дослідження тексту, зокрема лінгвістична, психологічна, методична, психолінгвістична. Проаналізовано категорію семантичної напруженості і лексичної рекурентності, які впливають на сприйняття, розуміння і запам’ятовування текстового матеріалу. Семантична напруженість тексту визначається як суб’єктивна категорія, зумовлена ступенем смислової і змістової новизни тексту для реципієнта. До основних чинників, які підвищують семантичну напруженість тексту відносять: лексичні одиниці з широкою семантикою, спеціальну термінологію, дейктичні одиниці, оказіональні слова, слова з імпліцитним значенням, абревіації та власні назви, референтну неоднозначність лексичних одиниць тощо. Встановлено, що семантична напруженість може виконувати дві основні функції: конструктивну і деструктивну, де конструктивність напруженості полягає у тому, що вона являє собою джерело нової інформації, а її деструктивність призводить до неадекватно сприйняття і розуміння. Рекурентність визначається як механізм породження, репрезентації та актуалізації смислу. Зазначається, що рекурентність можна досліджувати у широкому та вузькому контекстах. У вузькому значенні рекурентність розглядається як повтор на рівні структурної організації тексту, де вона репрезентується відповідними одиницями на фонетичному, морфологічному, лексичному, синтаксичному рівнях. У широкому розумінні рекурентність - це культурна і лінгвокультурна універсалія, яка є ключовою для гуманітарних наук. Встановлено, що надмірна насиченість письмового тексту рекурентними одиницями негативно впливає на процес перекладу, викликаючи розсіювання уваги, створення хибного уявлення про простоту і зрозумілість матеріалу, зниження запам’ятовування і як результат неправильного відтворення. Теоретичні положення були підтверджені експериментальними даними: для успішного запам’ятовування коефіцієнт рекурентності не повинен перевищувати показника 0,20-0,25. Отримані результати можна використовувати у навчанні як усного , так і письмового видів перекладу.
Застосування сучасних інформаційних технологій у освітньому процесі
Authors: ВОРОТНІКОВА Злата
Published: April 2020

У статті проаналізовано сучасний стан застосування інформаційних технологій у освітньому процесі, зміни, що відбуваються у цьому напрямку у зв’язку із новітньою реформою вищої освіти. Зазначені завдання, що висуваються вченими до інформаційних технологій у освіті. Акцентується увага на подальшому досягнення глобальної раціоналізації інтелектуальної діяльності в суспільстві за рахунок використання нових ІТ. Розглядає набір сучасних методів та інструментів, що використовуються у освітньому процесі в розвинених країнах.
Cross-disciplinary ties: ritual as the interdisciplinary notion
Authors: ДУНАЄВСЬКА Ольга
Published: April 2020

The paper addresses the importance of crosscultural notions' studies in terms of anthropological paradigm development. In the focus of a research lies the notion of a ritual as an interdisciplinary issue hence the fact of it being utilized by the range of various scientific branches. Ritual is analyzed from its anthropological, ethological, historical, sociological, philosophical, lingual, cultural, religious, cognitive and psychological aspects. The work explicates the original value of ritual performance. Moreover, the research crystallizes the issues of myth-ritual relation. The genesis of language and culture and the process of worldview formation are viewed with respect to their ritualized character.
Інтерпретація образу Героя в шкільних підручниках з української літератури 1917 - 1920 рр. з позицій формування ідеї народності
Authors: ЙОВЕНКО Лариса
Published: April 2020

У статті розглянуто інтерпретацію образу героя в шкільних підручниках з української літератури 1917 – 1920 рр. Використовуючи метод аналізу, висвітлено особливості досконалої особистості з позицій формування ідеї народності. Виокремлено риси героя та виділено риси ідеалу людини на різних етапах розвитку вітчизняного словесного мистецтва у шкільних навчальних книгах означеної доби (прагнення людини до свободи, намагання подолати мізерну буденність, невгамовний пошук правди, заперечення кривди, насильства, пригнічення слабких, скривджених, знедолених та ін.).
Творчий розвиток лінгводидактичної спадщини В. Сухомлинського в процесі підготовки майбутніх учителів початкової школи
Authors: КОТИК Тетяна
Published: April 2020

У статті висвітлено умови актуалізації лінгводидактичної спадщини В. Сухомлинського в процесі підготовки майбутніх учителів початкової освіти, провідні з-посеред яких: збагачення змісту дисципліни «Методика навчання української мови» науковими положеннями лінгводидактичної спадщини В.Сухомлинського; розроблення завдань для педагогічної практики студентів за мовною концепцією В.Сухомлинського; розроблення тематики курсових та дипломних робіт з вивчення лінгводидактичних ідей В.Сухомлинського та творчого їх використання в початковій школі.
Weaving Teaching and Leading: A Systematic Literature Review on Pedagogical Leadership Contributions
Authors: Caingcoy Manuel E.
Published: April 2020

Pedagogical leadership has become an emerging and essential debate in the field of educational administration and leadership. This was a result of the shift from the hierarchical type in the past to a more inclusive, collaborative, and participative leadership. Previous studies indicate the furtherance of the inquiry into pedagogical leadership since it is a work in progress. Method: For this reason, a systematic literature review mapped the literature relevant to pedagogical leadership. Findings: The review drew the lines between the empirical and theoretical-conceptual contributions, including the methodologies considered in both contributions. Implications for Research and Practice: The results have implications for a more robust theoretical-empirical model or framework of pedagogical leadership applicable to specific levels of education, especially higher education contexts. The study also implies applying pedagogical leadership in the team, at departmental and organizational levels. Results imply promoting the culture of pedagogical leadership.
LA SOLIDARIDAD AMERICANA EN TIEMPOS DEL COVID-19: EL BLOQUEO A CUBA
Authors: Peruana de Derecho Internacional Sociedad
Published: April 2020

Recientemente tuvo lugar un embargo de materiales de saludnecesarios para hacer frente a la pandemia del Covid-19, en perjuicio deCuba, país que afronta 58 años de bloqueo por parte de los EEUU., lo cualdeveló la indiferencia regional así como serias deficiencias en la forma cómose viene conduciendo el sistema interamericano.
PRINCIPIOS DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS APLICABLES EN ESTADO DE EMERGENCIA COVID-19 Y EL USO DE LA FUERZA POR PARTE DEL PERSONAL POLICIAL
Authors: Peruana de Derecho Internacional Sociedad
Published: April 2020

Se analiza si las medidas adoptadas por el Perú para enfrentar la emergenciaCOVID19 observan los estándares y los principios internacionales de derechos humanoscontenidos en la Guía sobre el uso de la fuerza por parte del personal policial en tiemposde emergencia COVID-19 adoptado por la Relatora Especial de las Naciones Unidassobre ejecuciones extrajudiciales, sumarias o arbitrarias: Los estados de emergencia sonexcepcionales y de duración limitada, el derecho a la vida no es derogable, las medidasde aplicación de la ley deberían guiarse por los principios de legalidad, necesidad,proporcionalidad, precaución y no discriminación, las medidas de emergencia nodeberían incrementar el riesgo de los grupos vulnerables, y la policía debería operar bajolos principios de discusión, instrucción, consulta y participación comunitaria, en atencióna que tales contextos históricamente han conducido a un aumento de la violencia por partedel Estado, principalmente contra personas y comunidades vulnerables por parte de losfuncionarios a cargo de su aplicación.
EL DEBATE SOBRE EL CARÁCTER JURÍDICO DEL DERECHO DE GENTES EN HISPANOAMÉRICA DURANTE EL SIGLO XIX: LA CONTRAPOSICIÓN ENTRE JOSÉ SILVA SANTISTEBAN Y ANDRÉS BELLO
Authors: Peruana de Derecho Internacional Sociedad
Published: April 2020

La evolución del derecho de gentes en Hispanoamérica durante el siglo XIX ha sido pocoestudiada. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo afrontar ese vacío a partir del análisis de lasposturas de José Silva Santisteban y Andrés Bello sobre la juridicidad del derecho internacional.Se sostendrá que el primero concibe al derecho internacional como Derecho, mientras que elsegundo se aproxima a considerarlo, simplemente, como una “colección de leyes”. Para entendereste debate, se acudirá a los trabajos de Becker Lorca y Richard Morse, sustentando que SilvaSantisteban se inscribe en una postura neotomista y Bello, en una aproximación utilitarista –empirista del derecho internacional.
CULTURALLY CONDITIONED VISUAL COMMUNICATION IN CREATIVE EXPRESSION
Authors: Valantinaitė Ilona , Sederevičiūtė-Pačiauskienė Živilė , Žilinskaitė-Vytė Viktorija
Published: April 2020

The human body and its consciousness interacts with a number of external and internal factors, including, among others,
the surrounding environment, experienced emotions, those things seen, things that are possessed and touched, and affection that is experienced,
all of which accumulates over time as personal experience. In the aforementioned process memory plays the most significant role and predetermines
the extent to which an individual remembers (and perceives) their own experience, and how they identify and are conscious of their own self-esteem,
etc. The aim of this research is to record an idea and its transformations by reference to its associations, implementation and interpretations.
Thus, transformations require personal experience, memory, knowledge, verbal and nonverbal abilities, as well as psychical phenomena that occur
during research through the interaction of the participants. In our research task we presented 5 squares in which fragments of abstract pictures
were placed. The participants were asked to freely interpret the fragments and complete the pictures. The results allowed us to conclude that
associations and the process(es) of interpretation are inconstant and independent of each other. Associations usually visualise views of our
physical environment, whereas intellectual creations are most frequently found in interpretations.
Compact-object Mergers in the Galactic Center: Evolution in Triaxial Clusters
Authors: Bub Mathew W. , Petrovich Cristobal
Published: April 2020

There is significant observational evidence that a large fraction of galactic centers, including those in the Milky Way and M31, host a supermassive black hole (SMBH) embedded in a triaxial nuclear star cluster. In this work, we study the secular orbital evolution of binaries in these environments and characterize the regions and morphological properties of nuclear star clusters that lead to gravitational wave mergers and/or tidal captures. We show that even a modest level of triaxiality in the density distribution of a cluster (an ellipsoid with axis ratios of 0.7 and 0.95) dramatically enhances the merger rates in the central parsecs of the Galaxy by a factor of up to ∼10–30 relative to a spherical density distribution. Moreover, we show that the merger fraction of binaries with semimajor axes in the range 10–100 au remains above 10% for the entire central parsec of the cluster, reaching values close to unity at a distance of ∼0.2–0.4 pc from the SMBH. We understand this large merger efficiency in terms of two distinct mechanisms: (i) eccentricity oscillations driven by the dominant axisymmetric part of the cluster potential that are enhanced by the slow modulation of a binary’s angular momentum from the triaxial contribution, similar to the well-known octupole-level dynamics in three-body systems; and (ii) chaotic diffusion of eccentricities arising when the nodal precession timescale of a binary’s orbit about the SMBH becomes comparable to its characteristic secular timescale. Overall, our results indicate that galactic centers are significantly more collisional than previously thought, with mergers taking place up to the effective radii of their nuclear star clusters.
Kinematics and Dynamics of Multiphase Outflows in Simulations of the Star-forming Galactic Interstellar Medium
Authors: Vijayan Aditi , Kim Chang-Goo , Armillotta Lucia , Ostriker Eve C. , Li Miao
Published: April 2020

Galactic outflows produced by stellar feedback are known to be multiphase in nature. Observations and simulations indicate that the material within several kiloparsecs of galactic disk midplanes consists of warm clouds embedded within a hot wind. A theoretical understanding of the outflow phenomenon, including both winds and fountain flows, requires study of the interactions among thermal phases. We develop a method to quantify these interactions via measurements of mass, momentum, and energy flux exchanges using temporally and spatially averaged quantities and conservation laws. We apply this method to a star-forming interstellar medium simulation based on the TIGRESS framework, for solar neighborhood conditions. To evaluate the extent of interactions among the phases, we examine the validity of the “ballistic model,” which predicts the trajectories of the warm phase (5050 K < T < 2 × 104 K) treated as non-interacting clouds. This model is successful at intermediate vertical velocities (

), but at higher velocities, we observe an excess in simulated warm outflow compared to the ballistic model. This discrepancy cannot be fully accounted for by cooling of high-velocity, intermediate-temperature (2 × 104 K < T < 5 × 105 K) gas. We examine the fluxes of mass, momentum, and energy and conclude that the warm phase gains mass via cooling of the intermediate phase and momentum from the hot (T > 5 × 105 K) phase. The large energy flux from the hot outflow, transferred to the warm and intermediate phases, is quickly radiated away. A simple interaction model implies an effective warm cloud size in the fountain flow of a few 100 pc, showing that warm–hot flux exchange mainly involves a few large clouds rather than many small ones.
Core-collapse Supernova Explosions Driven by the Hadron-quark Phase Transition as a Rare r-process Site
Authors: Fischer Tobias , Wu Meng-Ru , Wehmeyer Benjamin , Bastian Niels-Uwe F. , Martínez-Pinedo Gabriel , Thielemann Friedrich-Karl
Published: April 2020

Supernova explosions of massive stars are one of the primary sites for the production of the elements in the universe. Up to now, stars with zero-age main-sequence masses in the range of 35–50 M
⊙ had mostly represented the failed supernova explosion branch. In contrast, it has been demonstrated recently that the appearance of exotic phases of hot and dense matter, associated with a sufficiently strong phase transition from nuclear matter to the quark-gluon plasma at high baryon density, can trigger supernova explosions of such massive supergiant stars. Here, we present the first results obtained from an extensive nucleosynthesis analysis for material being ejected from the surface of the newly born proto-neutron stars of such supernova explosions. These ejecta contain an early neutron-rich component and a late-time high-entropy neutrino-driven wind. The nucleosynthesis robustly overcomes the production of nuclei associated with the second r-process peak, at nuclear mass number A ≃ 130, and proceeds beyond the formation of the third peak (A ≃ 195) to the actinides. These yields may account for metal-poor star observations concerning r-process elements such as strontium and europium in the Galaxy at low metallicity, while the actinide yields suggests that this source may be a candidate contributing to the abundances of radioactive 244Pu measured in deep-sea sediments on Earth.
Review of recent taxonomic changes to the emerald moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae)
Authors: Plotkin David , Kawahara Akito
Published: April 2020

The subfamily Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), commonly known as emerald moths, is an ecologically diverse group of moths with over 2,500 described species. Many taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of Geometrinae have been undertaken in the past decade, resulting in hundreds of new taxonomic changes since online publication of the most recent checklist in December 2007.

This review synthesises the last 12 years of alpha-taxonomic research in Geometrinae. A comprehensive list of Geometrinae genus- and species-group descriptions, synonymies, combinations and other taxonomic changes, made since 2007, is provided. Since 2007, the known species richness of Geometrinae has increased from 2,529 to 2,642 species; an updated list of all these species is presented in a supplementary spreadsheet.
Coronavirus and tourism
Authors: Sheresheva Marina Y.
Published: April 2020

In the previous decade, the Russian tourism industry has shown steady development. But in 2020, due to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation is close to disaster. It is necessary to provide not only urgent support for industry actors but also the conditions for the successful resumption of their activities in the long term. The pandemic raised the question of joint survival – both literally and figuratively. The tourism industry is a good example to understand that it is possible either to bring the situation to a complete catastrophe or to provide a relatively good start for recovery in the foreseeable future. It all depends on how market actors behave and what decisions will be made by the state. For market actors, it is important to understand that the successful development of business ecosystems involves not only competition but also mutual assistance, which is extremely important for the progressive development of any industry, especially in times of crisis. For the authorities, it is important to understand that tourism may turn out to be not a burden, but one of the engines of economic recovery if taxation is changed and the focus is on supporting domestic and inbound tourism.
Composition and Natural History of Snakes from Etá Farm region, Sete Barras, south-eastern Brazil
Authors: Fiorillo Bruno F. , Silva Bruno R. da , Menezes Frederico Alcântara , Marques Otavio A. V. , Martins Marcio
Published: April 2020

Approximately 140 snake species are known to occur in the Atlantic Forest with nearly half being endemic to this ecoregion. However, the Atlantic forest is one of the most threatened tropical ecoregions, with only 16% of its original area remaining as forest. This extensive habitat loss must have had a negative effect on its snake fauna. Indeed, 53% of the threatened snakes of Brazil occur in the Atlantic forest. Therefore, basic natural history information that can potentially contribute to the conservation of Atlantic forest snakes are urgently needed. Here the natural history of a snake assemblage at Etá Farm region, Sete Barras municipality, south-eastern Brazil is described, and a visual guide and an identification key provided that can be used by researchers and local people to identify snakes from this region. Most of the species found in the field use both open areas and forests, are primarily terrestrial, present diurnal activity, and include frogs in their diet. A higher number of enlarged follicles, eggs, and/or embryos were recorded during the warm and rainy season. Seventeen different types of defensive tactics were recorded in the species found in the field. This study provides useful information for understanding the structure of snake assemblages of the Atlantic Forest and is potentially useful for conservation assessments and for designing conservation plans.
A new genus and two new species of oonopid spiders from Myanmar (Araneae, Oonopidae)
Authors: Tong Yanfeng , Li Shuqiang
Published: April 2020

A new genus, Promolotragen. nov., including two new species, P. hponkanrazisp. nov. (♂♀) and P. shankhaungsp. nov. (♂), is described from Myanmar. The new genus is similar to Molotra Ubick & Griswold, 2011 but can be distinguished by the completely fused bulb and cymbium, the presence of a receptacle, the absence of grooves connecting either the anterior or posterior pairs of spiracles, and the incised labium of both sexes.
A new species of Cosmocerca (Nematoda, Ascaridomorpha) from the marine toad Rhinella marina (Linnaeus) (Anura, Bufonidae) in Australia
Authors: Ni Xue-Feng , Barton Diane P. , Chen Hui-Xia , Li Liang
Published: April 2020

The marine toad Rhinella marina (Linnaeus) (Anura, Bufonidae) is a notorious, exotic amphibian species in Australia. However, our present knowledge of the composition of the nematode fauna of R. marina is still not complete. In the present study, a new cosmocercid nematode, Cosmocerca multipapillatasp. nov., was described using both light and scanning electron microscopy, based on specimens collected from R. marina in Australia. Cosmocerca multipapillatasp. nov. can be easily distinguished from its congeners by the body size, the presence of lateral alae and well sclerotized gubernaculum, the number and arrangement of plectanes and rosettes and the length of spicules, oesophagus and tail.
L’Europe de l’énergie
Authors: Pellerin-Carlin Thomas
Published: April 2020

C’est par l’énergie (à l’époque, essentiellement le charbon) que les pays européens ont jeté les bases de leur union dans les années 1950 (traité de la Communauté européenne du charbon et de l’acier, signé en 1951). Si la CECA a pris fin en 2002 (intégrée dans l’Union), les questions énergétiques n’en sont pas moins demeurées essentielles dans l’agenda politique de l’Union européenne. Et dans le contexte de lutte contre le changement climatique, elles ont même pris une dimension croissante, l’Union occupant une place à part dans le monde, avec des objectifs ambitieux de transition vers la neutralité carbone. Quels sont les enjeux de cette transition énergétique pour l’Union européenne, et les mesures mises en place pour y répondre ? En quoi pourrait consister un Green Deal (Pacte vert) européen, tel qu’évoqué par la Commission européenne entrée en fonction fin 2019 ? Thomas Pellerin-Carlin présente ici, dans le cadre de ce deuxième volet de la série que Futuribles consacre aux questions climatiques et énergétiques, les réalités actuelles et objectifs de cette Europe de l’énergie.  S.D.
Supporting Graduate Nursing Education for Students From Disadvantaged Backgrounds
Authors: Ortega Johis , Gonzalez Juan M. , Crenshaw Nichole , Snowden Kenya , De Tantillo Lila
Published: April 2020

Background:

There is a lack of diversity in the master's prepared nursing workforce. One nursing school implemented a scholarship program for students from disadvantaged backgrounds enrolled in the Family Nurse Practitioner and Adult Gerontology Primary Nurse Practitioner tracks.

Method:

Awardees were required to be full-time students from disadvantaged backgrounds with financial need. Each student was matched with a faculty member for regular mentorship. Student progress was evaluated every three months, with follow-up 1 year after graduation.

Results:

A total of 45 students received the Scholarship for Disadvantaged Students (SDS) over 2 consecutive years. Of the 45 students, 26 (58%) identified themselves as Hispanic and 11 (24%) as black. A total of 42 (93%) of 45 SDS students completed the original plan of study and passed the national certification board.

Conclusion:

The SDS serves as a model of an effective mentorship program to assist nurse practitioner students from disadvantaged backgrounds.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(5):287–290.]
Mitomycin-C in Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Agarwal Harish C , Sood Narendra Nath , Sihota Ramanjit , Sanga Lalit , Honavar Santosh G
Published: April 2020

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adjunctive use of mitomycin-C (MMC) during trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy for eyes with highrisk congenital glaucoma.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was performed to compare the effect of a single, 4-minute intraoperative exposure to 0.2 mg/ml (group 1) or 0.4 mg/ml (group 2) of MMC on trabeculotomy with trabeculectomy in 16 high-risk cases (30 eyes) of congenital glaucoma.

* RESULTS: The preoperative and final postoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs) of the two groups did not differ significantly. At the final follow-up, IOP control (< 21 mm Hg) without medications was achieved in 60% of the eyes in group 1 and in 86.67% of the eyes in group 2 [P= .21). With medication, IOP control was achieved in 86.7% of the eyes of each group. In both groups, the rate of surgical failure was 13.3%. Avascular, thin, sharply demarcated blebs were noted in 33.3% of the eyes from group 1 and in 66.67% of those from group 2 (P = .14). Intraoperative and postoperative hyphema and postoperative hypotony were the complications encountered in both groups, whereas serous choroidal detachment and wound leakage were seen only in group 2.

* CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative MMC applied at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml controlled postoperative IOP as effectively as a 0.4-mg/ml concentration in high-risk cases of congenital glaucoma, but with a lower incidence of complications and thin-walled blebs.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:979-985.]
A novel semi-supervised multi-view clustering framework for screening Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo ,   School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China, Zhai Donghai , Yang Yan , Zhang Yiling , Wang Chunlin ,   National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
Published: April 2020

In recent years, there are many research cases for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) with the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by utilizing the traditional unsupervised machine learning methods and the supervised deep learning models. However, unsupervised learning methods are not good at extracting accurate features among MRIs and it is difficult to collect enough data in the field of PD to satisfy the need of training deep learning models. Moreover, most of the existing studies are based on single-view MRI data, of which data characteristics are not sufficient enough. In this paper, therefore, in order to tackle the drawbacks mentioned above, we propose a novel semi-supervised learning framework called Semi-supervised Multi-view learning Clustering architecture technology (SMC). The model firstly introduces the sliding window method to grasp different features, and then uses the dimensionality reduction algorithms of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to process the data with different features. Finally, the traditional single-view clustering and multi-view clustering methods are employed on multiple feature views to obtain the results. Experiments show that our proposed method is superior to the state-of-art unsupervised learning models on the clustering effect. As a result, it may be noted that, our work could contribute to improving the effectiveness of identifying PD by previous labeled and subsequent unlabeled medical MRI data in the realistic medical environment.
The impact of behavioral change on the epidemic under the benefit comparison
Authors: Liu Maoxing ,   School of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China, Zhang Rongping , Xie Boli
Published: April 2020

Human behavior has a major impact on the spread of the disease during an epidemic. At the same time, the spread of disease has an impact on human behavior. In this paper, we propose a coupled model of human behavior and disease transmission, take into account both individual-based risk assessment and neighbor-based replicator dynamics. The transmission threshold of epidemic disease and the stability of disease-free equilibrium point are analyzed. Some numerical simulations are carried out for the system. Three kinds of return matrices are considered and analyzed one by one. The simulation results show that the change of human behavior can effectively inhibit the spread of the disease, individual-based risk assessments had a stronger effect on disease suppression, but also more hitchhikers. This work contributes to the study of the relationship between human behavior and disease epidemics.
Bilateral Medial Medullary Infarction Accompanied by Cerebral Watershed Infarction: A case report
Authors: Zhao Jingmin , Nan Guangxian , Shen Guangxun , Zhao Songji , Ito Hiroshi
Published: April 2020

Bilateral medial medullary infarction is a rare stroke subtype, and its diagnosis has become possible by brain magnetic resonance imaging. In this report, we describe a case in which acute bilateral medial medullary infarction accompanied by cerebral watershed infarction was clearly identified by diffusion-weighted imaging, and we discuss the mechanisms of bilateral medial medullary infarction accompanied by cerebral watershed infarction.
Dynamic contracting with limited commitment and the ratchet effect
Authors: Gerardi Dino , Maestri Lucas
Published: April 2020

We study dynamic contracting with adverse selection and limited commitment. A firm (the principal) and a worker (the agent) interact for potentially infinitely many periods. The worker is privately informed about his productivity and the firm can only commit to short‐term contracts. The ratchet effect is in place since the firm has the incentive to change the terms of trade and offer more demanding contracts when it learns that the worker is highly productive.

As the parties become arbitrarily patient, the equilibrium outcome takes one of two forms. If the prior probability of the worker being productive is low, the firm offers a pooling contract and no information is ever revealed. In contrast, if this prior probability is high, the firm fires the unproductive worker at the beginning of the relationship.