bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Prior Information on Bayesian Latent Basis Growth Model Estimation
Authors: Shi Dingjing , Tong Xin
Published: September 2017

Latent basis growth modeling is a flexible version of the growth curve modeling, in which it allows the basis coefficients of the model to be freely estimated, and thus the optimal growth trajectories can be determined from the observed data. In this article, Bayesian estimation methods are applied for latent basis growth modeling. Because the latent basis coefficients are important parameters that determine the growth pattern in latent basis growth models, we evaluate the impact of different priors for the basis coefficients on parameter recovery and model estimation. Noninformative priors, informative priors with varying levels of accuracy and precision, and data-dependent priors are considered. In addition, the issue of model specification is treated as a prior selection procedure. The impact of model misspecification and priors for model parameters are investigated simultaneously. A Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted and suggests that misspecified models adversely affect the parameter estimation much more than inaccurate priors. Recommendations on prior selection in latent basis growth models are given based on the simulation results. A real data example on the development of schoolchildren’s reading ability is also provided to illustrate the comparison among different sets of priors.
Severe Mitral Regurgitation in a Child With Henoch-Schönlein Purpura and Pulmonary Hemorrhage
Authors: James Cornelius A. , Gonzalez Ismael , Khandhar Paras , Freij Bishara J.
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis of childhood. The classic triad of HSP consists of nonthrombocytopenic purpura, arthritis/arthralgia, and gastrointestinal complaints. Pulmonary hemorrhage and cardiac involvement are rare complications of HSP. Case Report: We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with HSP complicated by both severe mitral regurgitation and pulmonary hemorrhage. Discussion: HSP is typically a self-limited illness with an excellent prognosis in children. Pulmonary hemorrhage is a rare complication that increases morbidity and mortality; it generally indicates the presence of severe vasculitis. Cardiac involvement in HSP is extremely rare and associated with a poor prognosis. Conclusion: Cardiac involvement in HSP may be more common than believed. Because of the increased morbidity and mortality associated with HSP complicated by pulmonary hemorrhage and cardiac involvement, it is important for clinicians to be aware of these potential complications.
Boundary spanning for governance of climate change adaptation in cities: Insights from a Dutch urban region
Authors: Dąbrowski Marcin
Published: September 2017

Adapting to climate change in the urban setting requires cooperation across scales, levels of government, organisational boundaries and policy sectors. The study presented in the paper explores governance of urban adaptation policies through the conceptual lens of multi-level governance and boundary spanning. It focuses on the South Wing of the Randstad in The Netherlands, an urban region that is heavily exposed to the negative impacts of climate change, particularly to flooding, due to its location in the Rhine-Meuse delta and concentration of population and economic activity. Yet, it is also a region with strong traditions of cooperation and a track record of pioneering urban climate change measures. The study investigates how the features of the wider institutional context, in which this urban region operates shape the governance of urban adaptation policies and how the contextual factors constrain the scope for spanning horizontal, vertical and temporal boundaries needed for delivering those policies and making the cities of that region more climate-proof.
Diagnostic accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an international case–cohort study
Authors: Walsh Simon L.F. , Maher Toby M. , Kolb Martin , Poletti Venerino , Nusser Richard , Richeldi Luca , Vancheri Carlo , Wilsher Margaret L. , Antoniou Katerina M. , Behr Jüergen , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Brown Kevin , Calandriello Lucio , Corte Tamera J. , Cottin Vincent , Crestani Bruno , Flaherty Kevin , Glaspole Ian , Grutters Jan , Inoue Yoshikazu , Kokosi Maria , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Kouranos Vasileios , Kreuter Michael , Johannson Kerri , Judge Eoin , Ley Brett , Margaritopoulos George , Martinez Fernando J. , Molina-Molina Maria , Morais António , Nunes Hilario , Raghu Ganesh , Ryerson Christopher J. , Selman Moises , Spagnolo Paolo , Taniguchi Hiroyuki , Tomassetti Sara , Valeyre Dominique , Wijsenbeek Marlies , Wuyts Wim , Hansell David , Wells Athol
Published: September 2017

We conducted an international study of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) diagnosis among a large group of physicians and compared their diagnostic performance to a panel of IPF experts.

A total of 1141 respiratory physicians and 34 IPF experts participated. Participants evaluated 60 cases of interstitial lung disease (ILD) without interdisciplinary consultation. Diagnostic agreement was measured using the weighted kappa coefficient (κw). Prognostic discrimination between IPF and other ILDs was used to validate diagnostic accuracy for first-choice diagnoses of IPF and were compared using the C-index.

A total of 404 physicians completed the study. Agreement for IPF diagnosis was higher among expert physicians (κw=0.65, IQR 0.53–0.72, p<0.0001) than academic physicians (κw=0.56, IQR 0.45–0.65, p<0.0001) or physicians with access to multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings (κw=0.54, IQR 0.45–0.64, p<0.0001). The prognostic accuracy of academic physicians with >20 years of experience (C-index=0.72, IQR 0.0–0.73, p=0.229) and non-university hospital physicians with more than 20 years of experience, attending weekly MDT meetings (C-index=0.72, IQR 0.70–0.72, p=0.052), did not differ significantly (p=0.229 and p=0.052 respectively) from the expert panel (C-index=0.74 IQR 0.72–0.75).

Experienced respiratory physicians at university-based institutions diagnose IPF with similar prognostic accuracy to IPF experts. Regular MDT meeting attendance improves the prognostic accuracy of experienced non-university practitioners to levels achieved by IPF experts.
Adaptive servo ventilation for central sleep apnoea in heart failure: SERVE-HF on-treatment analysis
Authors: Woehrle Holger , Cowie Martin R. , Eulenburg Christine , Suling Anna , Angermann Christiane , d'Ortho Marie-Pia , Erdmann Erland , Levy Patrick , Simonds Anita K. , Somers Virend K. , Zannad Faiez , Teschler Helmut , Wegscheider Karl
Published: September 2017

This on-treatment analysis was conducted to facilitate understanding of mechanisms underlying the increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and predominant central sleep apnoea randomised to adaptive servo ventilationversusthe control group in the SERVE-HF trial.

Time-dependent on-treatment analyses were conducted (unadjusted and adjusted for predictive covariates). A comprehensive, time-dependent model was developed to correct for asymmetric selection effects (to minimise bias).

The comprehensive model showed increased cardiovascular death hazard ratios during adaptive servo ventilation usage periods, slightly lower than those in the SERVE-HF intention-to-treat analysis. Self-selection bias was evident. Patients randomised to adaptive servo ventilation who crossed over to the control group were at higher risk of cardiovascular death than controls, while control patients with crossover to adaptive servo ventilation showed a trend towards lower risk of cardiovascular death than patients randomised to adaptive servo ventilation. Cardiovascular risk did not increase as nightly adaptive servo ventilation usage increased.

On-treatment analysis showed similar results to the SERVE-HF intention-to-treat analysis, with an increased risk of cardiovascular death in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients with predominant central sleep apnoea treated with adaptive servo ventilation. Bias is inevitable and needs to be taken into account in any kind of on-treatment analysis in positive airway pressure studies.
Respiratory research networks in Europe and beyond: aims, achievements and aspirations for the 21st century
Authors: Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Zampieri Fernando , Povoa Pedro , Ranzani Otavio , Bos Lieuwe D. , Aliberti Stefano , Torres Antoni
Published: September 2017

Healthcare-associated infection, such as intensive care unit (ICU)-related respiratory infections, remain the most frequently encountered morbidity of ICU admission, prolonging hospital stay and increasing mortality rates. The epidemiology of ICU-related respiratory infections, particularly nonventilated ICU-associated pneumonia and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, appears to be quite different among different countries. European countries have different prevalence, patterns and mechanism of resistance, as well as different treatments chosen by different attending physicians. The classical clinical research process in respiratory infections consists of the following loop: 1) identification of knowledge gaps; 2) systematic review and search for adequate answers; 3) generation of study hypotheses; 4) design of study protocols; 5) collection clinical data; 6) analysis and interpretation of the results; and 7) implementation of the results in clinical practice.
Patient participation in ERS guidelines and research projects: the EMBARC experience
Authors: Chalmers James D. , Timothy Alan , Polverino Eva , Almagro Marta , Ruddy Thomas , Powell Pippa , Boyd Jeanette
Published: September 2017

The European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) is a European Respiratory Society (ERS) Clinical Research Collaboration dedicated to improving research and clinical care for people with bronchiectasis. EMBARC has created a European Bronchiectasis Registry, funded by the ERS and by the European Union (EU) Innovative Medicines Initiative Programme.

From the outset, EMBARC had the ambition to be a patient-focussed project. In contrast to many respiratory diseases, however, there are no specific patient charities or European patient organisations for patients with bronchiectasis and no existing infrastructure for patient engagement. This article describes the experience of EMBARC and the European Lung Foundation in establishing a patient advisory group and then engaging this group in European guidelines, an international registry and a series of research studies.

Patient involvement in research, clinical guidelines and educational activities is increasingly advocated and increasingly important. Genuine patient engagement can achieve a number of goals that are critical to the success of an EU project, including focussing activities on patient priorities, allowing patients to direct the clinical and research agenda, and dissemination of guidelines and research findings to patients and the general public. Here, we review lessons learned and provide guidance for future ERS task forces, EU-funded projects or clinical research collaborations that are considering patient involvement.

Educational aims

To understand the different ways in which patients can contribute to clinical guidelines, research projects and educational activities.

To understand the barriers and potential solutions to these barriers from a physician’s perspective, in order to ensure meaningful patient involvement in clinical projects.

To understand the barriers and potential solutions from a patient’s perspective, in order to meaningfully involve patients in clinical projects.
Why sex is important: Background for helping patients with their sexual lives
Authors: Levine Stephen B.
Published: September 2017

Therapy for sexual problems is not solely based on findings from scientific studies; much of it has to do with intuitive knowledge that comes from personal and clinical experience. The author suggests that an ideal way to begin education about helping with patients' sexual identity, sexual function and relational concerns is to consider why sex is important. Answering this question illuminates the subtle roles sexual behaviour play in our lives. These roles are explained by providing clinically based responses to twelve questions: How are adults nurtured in sexual relationships? How is psychological intimacy created? What is learnt over time through sex? What accounts for the pleasures of sex? Why is sex important? Why is sexual experience unstable? What is a couple's sexual equilibrium? What is sensuality? Is a life of sexual pleasure possible? What is sexual health? What are the sources of distress about sex? How do these concepts facilitate therapy?

Learning Objectives

• Understand how nurturance is maintained in adult sexual relationships over the life cycle

• Specify the roles that a satisfying sexual life plays within individuals' private subjective lives

• Conceptualise the psychological and interpersonal accomplishment represented by the maintenance of evolving sexual activity throughout life
Evaluation of the Augmented Infant Resuscitator: A Monitoring Device for Neonatal Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitation
Authors: Bennett Desmond J. , Itagaki Taiga , Chenelle Christopher T. , Bittner Edward A. , Kacmarek Robert M.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:

Annually, 6 million newborns require bag-valve-mask resuscitation, and providing live feedback has the potential to improve the quality of resuscitation. The Augmented Infant Resuscitator (AIR), a real-time feedback device, has been designed to identify leaks, obstructions, and inappropriate breath rates during bag-valve-mask resuscitation. However, its function has not been evaluated.

METHODS:

The resistance of the AIR was measured by attaching it between a ventilator and a ventilator tester. To test the device’s reliability in training and clinical-use settings, it was placed in-line between a ventilation bag or ventilator and a neonatal manikin and a clinical lung model simulator. The lung model simulator simulated neonates of 3 sizes (2, 4, and 6 kg). Leaks, obstructions, and respiratory rate alterations were introduced.

RESULTS:

At a flow of 5 L/min, the pressure drop across the AIR was only 0.38 cm H2O, and the device had almost no effect on ventilator breath parameters. During the manikin trials, it was able to detect all leaks and obstructions, correctly displaying an alarm 100% of the time. During the simulated clinical trials, the AIR performed best on the 6-kg neonatal model, followed by the 4-kg model, and finally the 2-kg model. Over all 3 clinical models, the prototype displayed the correct indicator 73.5% of the time, and when doing so, took 1.6 ± 0.9 seconds.

CONCLUSIONS:

The AIR is a promising innovation that has the potential to improve neonatal resuscitation. It introduces only marginal resistance and performs well on neonatal manikins, but its firmware should be improved before clinical use.
Pediatric Anesthesiology Fellows’ Perception of Quality of Attending Supervision and Medical Errors
Authors: Benzon Hubert A. , Hajduk John , De Oliveira Gildasio , Suresh Santhanam , Nizamuddin Sarah L. , McCarthy Robert , Jagannathan Narasimhan
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:

Appropriate supervision has been shown to reduce medical errors in anesthesiology residents and other trainees across various specialties. Nonetheless, supervision of pediatric anesthesiology fellows has yet to be evaluated. The main objective of this survey investigation was to evaluate supervision of pediatric anesthesiology fellows in the United States. We hypothesized that there was an indirect association between perceived quality of faculty supervision of pediatric anesthesiology fellow trainees and the frequency of medical errors reported.

METHODS:

A survey of pediatric fellows from 53 pediatric anesthesiology fellowship programs in the United States was performed. The primary outcome was the frequency of self-reported errors by fellows, and the primary independent variable was supervision scores. Questions also assessed barriers for effective faculty supervision.

RESULTS:

One hundred seventy-six pediatric anesthesiology fellows were invited to participate, and 104 (59%) responded to the survey. Nine of 103 (9%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4%–16%) respondents reported performing procedures, on >1 occasion, for which they were not properly trained for. Thirteen of 101 (13%, 95% CI, 7%–21%) reported making >1 mistake with negative consequence to patients, and 23 of 104 (22%, 95% CI, 15%–31%) reported >1 medication error in the last year. There were no differences in median (interquartile range) supervision scores between fellows who reported >1 medication error compared to those reporting ≤1 errors (3.4 [3.0–3.7] vs 3.4 [3.1–3.7]; median difference, 0; 99% CI, −0.3 to 0.3; P = .96). Similarly, there were no differences in those who reported >1 mistake with negative patient consequences, 3.3 (3.0–3.7), compared with those who did not report mistakes with negative patient consequences (3.4 [3.3–3.7]; median difference, 0.1; 99% CI, −0.2 to 0.6; P = .35).

CONCLUSIONS:

We detected a high rate of self-reported medication errors in pediatric anesthesiology fellows in the United States. Interestingly, fellows’ perception of quality of faculty supervision was not associated with the frequency of reported errors. The current results with a narrow CI suggest the need to evaluate other potential factors that can be associated with the high frequency of reported errors by pediatric fellows (eg, fatigue, burnout). The identification of factors that lead to medical errors by pediatric anesthesiology fellows should be a main research priority to improve both trainee education and best practices of pediatric anesthesia.
THE WOMEN'S MARCH
Authors: Bynum Caroline Walker
Published: September 2017

Written two days after the women's march in New York on January 21, 2017, this essay — a guest column in Common Knowledge — describes the event and emphasizes two aspects: its multi-issue focus and its response to the denigration of women's expertise represented in much of the hostility to Hillary Clinton's candidacy. Comparing the widespread resistance to Donald Trump's proposals in early 2017 with recent single-issue protests, the author suggests that it is a strength of the current moment that women confront a wide range of issues, from sexual harassment to gun violence to reproductive choice to immigration restriction. She also argues that a pernicious and often unrecognized denigration of female voices and female expertise forms an undercurrent of contemporary political debate that needs to be much more widely resisted. She writes out of forty years of personal experience with women's issues, hoping that the progress made earlier will continue but predicting an uphill battle.
ENGLISH EMERGENCIES AND RUSSIAN RESCUES, c. 1875 – 2000
Authors: Halevy Noa
Published: September 2017

This second installment in a chronologically arranged, three-part sequence continues the author's examination of Anglo-American literati who, in the later nineteenth and twentieth centuries, turned — in acts of combined xenophilia and xenophobia — to Russian literature and literary theory in order to escape the dominant influence of avant-garde movements in France. These Anglophone writers found in Russian exemplars a responsible, morally rigorous, and pragmatic, yet philosophically sophisticated, alternative to what they described as the amoral, superficial, and pretentious aestheticism of French literary culture. Part 2 treats the poetry and criticism of the English “Movement” poet Donald Davie in light of his turn, in 1958, toward the example of Boris Pasternak as a way of escaping the influence of French Symbolist poetics and the post-Symbolist poetics of anglophone modernism. Although Davie understood that Pasternak was as much a modernist as T. S. Eliot or Ezra Pound, he also argued that the Russian's poetry, unlike theirs, sought, on explicitly moral grounds, to maintain conventional syntax and purity of diction, with the result that Pasternak's verse communicates with the reader more as prose than as music does.
Optimal Allocation with Ex Post Verification and Limited Penalties
Authors: Mylovanov Tymofiy , Zapechelnyuk Andriy
Published: September 2017

Several agents with privately known social values compete for a prize. The prize is allocated based on the claims of the agents, and the winner is subject to a limited penalty if he makes a false claim. If the number of agents is large, the optimal mechanism places all agents above a threshold onto a shortlist along with a fraction of agents below the threshold, and then allocates the prize to a random agent on the shortlist. When the number of agents is small, the optimal mechanism allocates the prize to the agent who makes the highest claim, but restricts the range of claims above and below. (JEL D63, D82)
The Wind of Change: Maritime Technology, Trade, and Economic Development
Authors: Pascali Luigi
Published: September 2017

The 1870–1913 period marked the birth of the first era of trade globalization. How did this tremendous increase in trade affect economic development? This work isolates a causality channel by exploiting the fact that the introduction of the steamship in the shipping industry produced an asymmetric change in trade distances among countries. Before this invention, trade routes depended on wind patterns. The steamship reduced shipping costs and time in a disproportionate manner across countries and trade routes. Using this source of variation and novel data on shipping, trade, and development, I find that (i) the adoption of the steamship had a major impact on patterns of trade worldwide; (ii) only a small number of countries, characterized by more inclusive institutions, benefited from trade integration; and (iii) globalization was the major driver of the economic divergence between the rich and the poor portions of the world in the years 1850–1900. (JEL F14, F43, F63, L92, N70, O33)
The Margins of Global Sourcing: Theory and Evidence from US Firms
Authors: Antràs Pol , Fort Teresa C. , Tintelnot Felix
Published: September 2017

We develop a quantifiable multi-country sourcing model in which firms self-select into importing based on their productivity and country-specific variables. In contrast to canonical export models where firm profits are additively separable across destination markets, global sourcing decisions naturally interact through the firm's cost function. We show that, under an empirically relevant condition, selection into importing exhibits complementarities across source markets. We exploit these complementarities to solve the firm's problem and estimate the model. Comparing counterfactual predictions to reduced-form evidence highlights the importance of interdependencies in firms' sourcing decisions across markets, which generate heterogeneous domestic sourcing responses to trade shocks. (JEL D24, F14, F23, L14, L21)
The Fundamental Surplus
Authors: Ljungqvist Lars , Sargent Thomas J.
Published: September 2017

To generate big responses of unemployment to productivity changes, researchers have reconfigured matching models in various ways: by elevating the utility of leisure, by making wages sticky, by assuming alternating-offer wage bargaining, by introducing costly acquisition of credit, by assuming fixed matching costs, or by positing government-mandated unemployment compensation and layoff costs. All of these redesigned matching models increase responses of unemployment to movements in productivity by diminishing the fundamental surplus fraction, an upper bound on the fraction of a job's output that the invisible hand can allocate to vacancy creation. Business cycles and welfare state dynamics of an entire class of reconfigured matching models all operate through this common channel. (JEL E23, E24, E32, J24, J31, J41, J63)
Virtual Classrooms: How Online College Courses Affect Student Success
Authors: Bettinger Eric P. , Fox Lindsay , Loeb Susanna , Taylor Eric S.
Published: September 2017

Online college courses are a rapidly expanding feature of higher education, yet little research identifies their effects relative to traditional in-person classes. Using an instrumental variables approach, we find that taking a course online, instead of in-person, reduces student success and progress in college. Grades are lower both for the course taken online and in future courses. Students are less likely to remain enrolled at the university. These estimates are local average treatment effects for students with access to both online and in-person options; for other students, online classes may be the only option for accessing college-level courses. (JEL I23, I26)
Relational Knowledge Transfers
Authors: Garicano Luis , Rayo Luis
Published: September 2017

We study how relational contracts mitigate Becker's classic problem of providing general human capital when training contracts are incomplete. The firm's profit-maximizing agreement is a multiperiod apprenticeship in which the novice is trained gradually over time and eventually receives all knowledge. The firm adopts a 1/e rule, whereby at the beginning of the relationship the novice is trained, for free, just enough to produce a fraction 1/e of the efficient output. After that, the novice earns all additional knowledge with labor. This rule causes inefficiently lengthy relationships that grow longer the more patient the players. A minimum wage is welfare enhancing. (JEL D82, D86, J24, M53)
Bias in Cable News: Persuasion and Polarization
Authors: Martin Gregory J. , Yurukoglu Ali
Published: September 2017

We measure the persuasive effects of slanted news and tastes for like-minded news, exploiting cable channel positions as exogenous shifters of cable news viewership. Channel positions do not correlate with demographics that predict viewership and voting, nor with local satellite viewership. We estimate that Fox News increases Republican vote shares by 0.3 points among viewers induced into watching 2.5 additional minutes per week by variation in position. We then estimate a model of voters who select into watching slanted news, and whose ideologies evolve as a result. We use the model to assess the growth over time of Fox News influence, to quantitatively assess media-driven polarization, and to simulate alternative ideological slanting of news channels. (JEL D72, L82)
Case Article—Tactical Decisions at Vastrapur Car Rental Services
Authors: Rajan Balaraman , Ravichandran N
Published: September 2017

Vastrapur Car Rental Services operating in Ahmedabad, Gujarat State, India offers five different options to its rental customers. Each option has a usage agreement (limits on mileage and duration) and rental rate and some customers exceed these limits. The central theme of the case is to compute the average profitability in the context of limited fleet size, uncertainty related to number and type of customer requests, and variability in the utilization of vehicles. In addition, the case provides an opportunity to discuss situations like negotiating wages, outsourcing vehicles on a need basis, and subscribing capacity to an integrator (an online platform linking the supply and the demand sides).

The case was given to MBA students in a core probability course and a core decision sciences course. The discussion can span over one or two classes depending on the students' background and nature of the course. The case helps students apply different concepts in probability (including random variables and expected value) to analyze a real-life managerial situation. When resolved appropriately, it demonstrates the power of simple probabilistic tools in addressing managerial challenges. The case is amenable for a simulation based analysis to study the interplay between demand variability (quantity and mix) and economic consequences in multiple scenarios.

Supplemental Material: The teaching note is available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .
Understanding brainstem death testing
Authors: Bleakley Gregory
Published: September 2017

Caring for a patient with suspected brain stem death is said to be one of the most challenging nursing roles. There are preconditions a patient must fulfil before brain stem death testing is carried out; different countries have their own brain stem death-testing guidelines. Potentially reversible causes of coma, including metabolic disturbance, hypothermia and depressant drugs, must be excluded, as must high cervical-cord injury if a head injury is suspected. Brain stem reflexes are tested to support the diagnosis and confirmation of brain stem death. Providing relatives with information on brain stem death testing can help reduce the emotional burden on both practitioners and family members. A plan to perform brain stem death testing should trigger urgent referral to the hospital's on-call specialist nurse–organ donation; when relatives are approached about donation by such a specialist practitioner, donation rates are higher. Nurses need to see organ and tissue donation as a normal part of end-of-life care following the death of a patient.
Show etiquette – the rules
Authors: Ellwood Fiona
Published: September 2017

When it comes to freebies at trade shows, there are two sides to every story – but how do you behave? Fiona Ellwood considers the professionalism outside of practice
Love dentistry, Love Dental
Authors: Bissett Gaby
Published: September 2017

‘There is a big wide world for dental nurses out there – don't be frightened to explore…’
Saving lives
Authors: Straw Jean
Published: September 2017

Illnesses and accidents can happen at any time and first aid can prevent situations worsening – and potentially save lives. Jean Straw explains
Precious commodities
Authors: Bridges Glenys
Published: September 2017

The importance of safeguarding our own information has never been more important than it is right now, says Glenys Bridges
Surgical emphysema following third molar extraction in a patient with gilles de la tourette's syndrome
Authors: Fuller Jennifer , Patel Nirmal , Collin John
Published: September 2017

Surgical emphysema is a rare complication of dental surgery, usually associated with the inappropriate use of an air turbine drill. We present a case of extensive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and bilateral pneumothorax following surgical removal of a lower third molar tooth. This appears to have arisen due to motor tics associated with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. The clinical features and management are outlined and the current literature pertaining to surgical emphysema related to oral surgery is reviewed.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: It is important that clinicians are made aware of the potential complications that can occur following surgical removal of teeth and the appropriate management should they arise.
Post-transplant kaposi's sarcoma: an unusual presentation and review of clinical presentation, histology and management
Authors: Whitehouse Laura , Pring Miranda , Przemioslo Robert , Staines Konrad S
Published: September 2017

Abstract: Kaposi's sarcoma is an uncommon, vascular neoplasm associated with Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8). An unusual case of PT-KS, presenting with pain from bilateral macular lesions on the palate, is discussed. As far as the authors are aware, this is the only reported case of a macular post-transplant Kaposi's sarcoma initially presenting with pain. The diagnosis, clinical presentation and histology are discussed, and an update on the oral presentation and management of post-transplant Kaposi's sarcoma is provided.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Post-transplant Kaposi's sarcoma is a neoplasm found in post-transplant patients that can present intra-orally, and needs to be identified early to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.
Are we doing enough?
Authors: Bissett Gabrielle
Published: September 2017

Gabrielle Bissett suggests that GPs should harness new technology if they are going to successfully encourage teens to take their sexual health seriously
A lost love
Authors: Wells Sheila
Published: September 2017

‘The man I have known and supported for 50 years has gone and a monster has arrived in his place’ – it's a commonly sad theme with dementia, but your practice can make a difference to the patient and their carer
Under the spotlight
Authors: Holland Carolyn
Published: September 2017

Carolyn Holland suggests it pays to invest in refrigeration
A ticking time bomb
Authors: Chadwick Maureen
Published: September 2017

Trouble-shooter Maureen Chadwick is helping diabetes patients to get the care they deserve – with the launch of a new business
We need to talk
Authors: Buxton Sarah
Published: September 2017

Early conciliation with a disgruntled employee may save you more than just a headache
The truth is out there
Authors: Willacy Hayley
Published: September 2017

Dr Hayley Willacy says access to reliable and up-to-date online medical information can brings real health benefits – to GP practices and their patients
Stubborn as…?
Authors: Ainsworth Steve
Published: September 2017

If emailing patients or telephoning them to remind them of appointments is not to one's taste, how about using the stick instead of the carrot, asks Steve Ainsworth
A heavy burden
Authors: Bissett Gabrielle
Published: September 2017

The link between sugar and obesity is ruining lives and emptying the NHS purse. Gaby Bissett investigates how one group aims to reverse the fortunes of a food industry that profits at the expense of a nation's health
Something wicked this way comes?
Authors: Jones Matthew
Published: September 2017

If the spectre of a CQC inspection is looming, do not fear – it's simply time to get your ‘house of horror’ in order
Handy housekeeping hints
Authors: Harnby Phil
Published: September 2017

Phil Harnby suggests a polishing up of admin arrangements and a spring clean of practice agreements help oil the wheels of change
There may be trouble ahead…
Authors: Ainsworth Steve
Published: September 2017

Steve Ainsworth scans the horizon for the future of GPs, home and abroad
Poor results
Authors: Lawlor Debbie
Published: September 2017

A school-based scheme to encourage children to eat healthily and be active has had little effect, a study suggests
Marvel meets medical
Authors: Hersov Kate
Published: September 2017

A health education company is using superheroes in comic books to simplify complex concepts. Here's how…
Back to school?
Authors: Clarke Mary
Published: September 2017

Mary Clarke suggests that driving a learning culture in the NHS is the only way to reduce risks
Become a pain killer!
Authors: Margham Tom
Published: September 2017

This month sees National Arthritis Week and here's how your practice can get involved – and help patients
Solve the headache of recruitment
Authors: Buxton Sarah
Published: September 2017

Did you know that discrimination claims can be made by job applicants never employed by you?…
Crunchtime?
Authors: McElvanney Mark
Published: September 2017

Money worries and health are deeply linked – here's how you can help your patients when things are tight
Refined Inertia of Matrix Patterns
Authors: Vander Meulen Kevin , Earl Jonathan , Van Tuyl Adam
Published: September 2017

This paper explores how the combinatorial arrangement of prescribed zeros in a matrix affects the possible eigenvalues that the matrix can obtain. It demonstrates that there are inertially arbitrary patterns having a digraph with no 2-cycle, unlike what happens for nonzero patterns. A class of patterns is developed that are refined inertially arbitrary but not spectrally arbitrary, making use of the property of a properly signed nest. The paper includes a characterization of the inertially arbitrary and refined inertially arbitrary patterns of order three, as well as the patterns of order four with the least number of nonzero entries.
Parents' Experiences in Educational Decision Making for Children and Youth With Disabilities
Authors: Love Hailey R. , Zagona Alison L. , Kurth Jennifer A. , Miller Amanda L.
Published: September 2017

Families should be an active part of educational decision making for their children, and they can be particularly influential in advocating for inclusion for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Yet, significant research has shown that parents do not feel schools effectively collaborate with them. We interviewed 19 parents of children with disabilities to investigate the ways they were included and excluded from educational decision making and how they decided on their children's placement and services. Five themes emerged: parents' exclusion from decision making, parents' independent efforts to shape their children's educational services, parents' decisions as a result of school and district factors, parents' role changes to direct their children's education, and discrepancies between beliefs and experiences of inclusion. Parents' responses indicate that specific school structures and institutionalized procedures may regularly exclude parents from decision making. Results have implications for parent-professional partnership during decision making for students with disabilities and personnel preparation.
Mathematics: I don't like it! I like it! Very much, a little, not at all... Social support and emotions in students from 2nd and 3rd cycles of education
Authors: Monteiro Vera , Peixoto Francisco , Mata Lourdes , Sanches Cristina
Published: September 2017

This research analyses achievement emotions and their relationship to perceived classroom support (teacher and peers) as well as the effects of grade, achievement and gender on emotions in a specific subject domain: mathematics. The participants were 1,494 Portuguese students from the sixth and eighth grades who were asked about their perceptions of teacher and peer support and their achievement emotions towards mathematics (Boredom, Hopelessness, Anger, Anxiety, Enjoyment, Pride and Relief) in two different settings (classroom and test). Results provide empirical evidence that student perceptions of classroom support were positively related to positive activating emotions and negatively related to negative emotions. Furthermore students with higher mathematics grades were found to have higher scores in positive emotions and lower scores in negative emotions in both classroom and test situations.  A decrease in positive emotions and an increase of negative emotions in older students were also found. In regard to gender the analysis highlighted that positive class emotions were not significantly different, and show a significant effect on Anxiety with girls achieving higher scores than boys. In the test situation gender had a significant effect on Hopelessness, Anxiety and Relief, with girls showing higher scores than boys. For positive test emotions boys reported more Enjoyment and Pride than girls.
A experiência do bebé na creche: Perceções de mães e de educadoras no período de transição do contexto familiar para a creche
Authors: Grande Catarina Rodrigues , Nunes Inês Brandão , Coelho Vera , Cadima Joana , Barros Sílvia
Published: September 2017

Este estudo visa contribuir para a compreensão da experiência do bebé no período de transição do ambiente familiar para a creche, analisando a perceção das mães e das educadoras acerca do estado emocional do bebé, da manutenção das rotinas e da comunicação família-creche nesse período. Mães e educadoras de 90 bebés da Grande Área Metropolitana do Porto responderam ao Questionário de Experiência na Creche na primeira e quarta semana de frequência da creche. A perceção das mães e educadoras acerca do estado emocional dos bebés, da manutenção das rotinas e comunicação família-creche foi positiva, verificando-se perceções mais positivas das educadoras relativamente ao estado emocional e à comunicação família-creche. Da primeira para a quarta semana registou-se (a) estado emocional mais positivo, percebido pelas mães e educadoras; (b) diminuição da frequência da comunicação e aumento da manutenção das rotinas, percebidas pelas mães. O estado emocional dos bebés parece estar associado à perceção da manutenção das rotinas (mães e das educadoras) e, adicionalmente, à comunicação família-creche no caso das educadoras. Este estudo parece assinalar o cuidado das famílias e educadores na transição dos bebés para a creche e destacar a importância do envolvimento das famílias e educadores para um melhor ajustamento do bebé.
Efeitos individuais e familiares em crimes: Abuso sexual, violência conjugal e homicídio
Authors: Lopes Rita Freire , Gouveia-Pereira Maria
Published: September 2017

Entre as diversas explicações sobre a carreira delinquente a família ocupa um lugar de eleição (Born, 2005). Apesar da literatura nos indicar que a família assume um papel crucial, existem outros autores (e.g. Mayer & Salovey, 1997), que evidenciam que a falta de aprendizagem de um repertório emocional adequado, nomeadamente a  inteligência emocional, pode, por vezes, estar associada à origem do comportamento delinquente.  A Teoria Geral do Crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990), pretende explicar que o autocontrolo é a variável central do comportamento delinquente. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre o funcionamento familiar (rácio total, coesão e flexibilidade), o autocontrolo e a inteligência emocional em sujeitos condenados pelos crimes de abuso sexual, violência doméstica e homicídio. Participaram 92 sujeitos, reclusos, do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e os 73 anos de idade. Mediante os resultados constatamos que os participantes têm uma percepção semelhante da forma como se organizam as suas famílias, excepto na comunicação, onde os abusadores sexuais apresentam indicadores comunicativos inferiores. Ao nível da expressão emocional e da capacidade para lidar com as emoções também, foram encontradas diferenças significativas, sendo os abusadores sexuais a apresentarem maiores défices emocionais. No autocontrolo, foram igualmente os abusadores sexuais  a apresentarem maiores níveis de autocontrolo. Limitações e implicações práticas e teóricas deste estudo são discutidas com base na literatura.
Theorists and Thieves
Authors: Jain Dhruv
Published: September 2017

From 1972 to 1989, an obscure sect of Danish Maoists developed a unique synthesis of orthodox Marxism-Leninism, theories of imperialism and unequal exchange, and legal and illegal practice that distinguishes it from any other group then active in Europe or North America.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Information and Communication Technologies Management and Nigerian Banking Sector Liquidity
Authors: Ugoani John N. N. , Ugoani Anthony
Published: September 2017

The study sought to explore the relationship between ICTs management and NBS liquidity. ICTs management helps the business to effect proper planning, coordinating, controlling and decision-making. Liquidity is important for banks to meet the demands of customers and a means of public confidence. The Internet connectivity in the NBS discouraged incentives for manipulations and other inefficiencies that characterized the paper and pen banking of the pre-reform era. The e-FASS approach and heavy investments and application of quality ICTs management by banks restored national and international confidence in the NBS which in a great measure, helped to lure back capital and liquidity into the system. Previous studies have found positive relationship between ICTs management and business productivity, bank profitability and economic growth. Through theoretical and empirical results this study found a high positive relationship between ICTs management and NBS liquidity.
Political Will for Effective Reform Management and Sustainable Development Goals Achievement in Nigeria
Authors: Ugoani John N. N.
Published: September 2017

Political will is important for effective and sustainable reform management because anticorruption reforms must focus on the internal management of public sector resources to reduce incentives and opportunities for corruption and mismanagement. It is the driver of a robust private sector, resilient media, vibrant civil society, transparent judiciary and good administrative reforms that lead to national integrity and sustainable development. The absence of political will is responsible for a situation where it is estimated that one out of every six out-of-school children worldwide is a Nigerian, and which brings to more than 10 million, the number of Nigerian children that are out-of-school. Consequently, the ranking of Nigeria as 39th out of 54 African countries in overall governance is a reflection of lack of political will, weak leadership and overall governance. This must be overcome as the world heads towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Agenda. The sample comprised of 494 participants generated from a cross section of the population in Nigeria. Data were analyzed through descriptive and Chi-Square statistical methods. It was found that effective reform management in Nigeria requires political will.
Talent management for developing leadership: an empirical investigation
Authors: Sanjeev Rinku , Singh Anita
Published: September 2017

In the current situation where Indian IT Companies are facing high growth trajectory, getting good talents and retaining them is increasingly becoming difficult. Talent management and tapping potential leaders’ is becoming one of the key responsibilities of HR Managers. Though leadership development has always been rated as the most important need of IT Companies, it lacks proper address by top level management. To address this gap it is pertinent for the management to know the factors that impacts the talent management and leadership development within the company.The basic emphasis of this paper is to analyze the factors influencing talent management in IT organization and also to understand the impact of talent management on overall leadership development. The study is descriptive and exploratory in nature. To identify factors influencing talent management factor analysis was used. To examine the hypothesis of the study Karl Pearson Coefficient correlation and regression analysis was done. The findings of the study suggests that potential identification, employee retention and rewards contributes significantly in leadership development It also suggests that there is a positive relation between talent management and leadership development
Crime and Establishment Size: Evidence from South America
Authors: Oguzoglu Umut , Ranasinghe Ashantha
Published: September 2017

Establishment exposure to crime is a frequent occurrence and a severe impediment to business operation in developing economies. We present a simple theory for the frequency and severity of crime across establishment size and evaluate its central predictions using micro-data. We find that high expectation of crime at the establishment level is strongly associated with lower sales, labor and capital. Consistent with our theory, crime has a differential role across size and is less prevalent among the smallest and largest establishments. When evaluated relative to major distortions to production highlighted in developing economies, crime remains important for explaining establishment size.
The role of radiology in diagnostic error: a medical malpractice claims review
Authors: Siegal Dana , Stratchko Lindsay M. , DeRoo Courtney
Published: September 2017

Just as radiologic studies allow us to see past the surface to the vulnerable and broken parts of the human body, medical malpractice claims help us see past the surface of medical errors to the deeper vulnerabilities and potentially broken aspects of our healthcare delivery system. And just as the insights we gain through radiologic studies provide focus for a treatment plan for healing, so too can the analysis of malpractice claims provide insights to improve the delivery of safe patient care. We review 1325 coded claims where Radiology was the primary service provider to better understand the problems leading to patient harm, and the opportunities most likely to improve diagnostic care in the future.