bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Various Reagents on Ammonia Reduction in Litter Removal From Belt Conveyors for Battery Cages
Authors: Palii A. P. , Lukyanov I. M. , Kovalchuk A. O. , Denicenko S. A. , Kalabska V. S. , Ivashchenko S. G. , Boyko Y. A. , Sychova T. O. , Diachuk P. V. , Mitiashkina T. Y. , Paliy A. P.
Published: January 2020

With the development of technogenic civilization, various anthropogenic factors (ionizing radiation, toxic substances, etc.) affect virtually all living organisms, and often this effect is negative. The current state of affairs on many poultry farms is that they have a negative impact on the surrounding biosphere due to harmful emissions. This is due to the accumulation of litter. The purpose of the study was to investigate the microclimate parameters in the poultry house with the addition of various reagents and zeolite in the belt conveyors of cage batteries. It was proposed to add adsorbents (zeolite) and chemical reagents (phosphogypsum, superphosphate, and aluminium chloride and iron sulphate) directly onto the litter removal belt conveyors of cage batteries. It was found that application of zeolite onto the conveyor belt in an amount of 600 g/m2 reduces the content of ammonia in the premises by 1.6 times on the first day of accumulation of litter, and by 1.25 times on the seventh day, not exceeding during all seven days of maximum allowable concentrations. However, within all seven days of litter accumulation, a difference in this indicator with control was statistically significant (P=0.001). The reduction of ammonia emissions was less significant when applying a dose of zeolite of 300 g/m2 conveyor belt: by 1.6 times on the first day of accumulation of litter, and from the fifth day the difference with control was statistically significant. The application of phosphogypsum onto the conveyor belt in the amount of 600 g/m2 provided a reduction of ammonia emission by 2.1-1.1 times, 300 g/m2-by 1.8 times on the first day of accumulation of litter. Since the fifth the day, the difference in control was statistically significant. The application of superphosphate onto the litter removal conveyor belts reduced the ammonia content in the poultry house in almost the same extent as when applying phosphogypsum. The effective time of this reagent was also close in importance. Aluminium chloride and ferrous sulphate were used in smaller doses than other absorbents and reagents, but on the initial five days of litter accumulation, they provided a relatively significant reduction in the ammonia content of the air in the poultry house: ferrous sulphate at a dose of 200 g/m2 of the conveyor belt area - by 2.0-1.2 times, aluminium chloride - by 4.0-1.5 times. Anyway, the efficacy of these reagents in the last days of litter accumulation was considerably decreased. The use of aluminium chloride and ferrous sulphate in doze of 100 g/m2 for the conveyor belt provided a proper reduction of indoor ammonia content only for the initial tree-four days.
Efficiency of chemical protection of spring rape and mustard from rape blossom beetle
Authors: Stankevych S. V. , Yevtushenko M. D. , Vilna V. V. , Zabrodina I. V. , Yushchuk D. D. , Sirous L. Ya. , Lutytska N. V. , Molchanova O. A. , Melenti V. O. , Golovan L. V. , Klymenko I. V. , Zhukova L. V. , Poedinceva A. A. , Pismennyi O. V. , Romanov O. V. , Romanova T. A.
Published: January 2020

One of the most dangerous pests of cabbage crops which can damage plants in the budding and flowering phases in all areas of their cultivation is a rape blossom beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fabricius, 1775). The pest is widespread throughout Ukraine; it causes significant damage to the crops every year and reduces the seed yields. It should be noted that the rape blossom beetle is not new to our country and as a pest of rape and other crops from the cabbage family has been mentioned since 1845, and a detailed description of its morphology, biology and ecology can be found in the works of the nineteenth century. It is established that in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the first individuals of the rape blossom beetle appear on the flowering wild growing plants (first of all on dandelion and buttercup) when the average daily temperature exceeds 8 °C, it is the middle of the first decade of April and the beginning of the third decade of April. The mass emergence of the rape blossom beetles takes place when the daily average temperatures are at the range of 9–13 °C and the sum of the effective temperatures above 5 °C is at the range of 100–113 °C, it is the middle of the second decade of April and the end of the third decade of April. The females of the rape blossom beetle usually lay 2–3 eggs into one bud of spring rape or mustard. When protecting the crops from the rape blossom beetle the highest technical efficiency was noted when applying the binary mixture of the microbiological preparation Actophyte, 0.25 % of emulsion concentrate in the dose of 4.8 L/ha and systemic insecticide Biscaya, 24 % of oily dispersion (0.25 L/ha) and in 14 days after spraying it was 76.6 % on white mustard, 74.3 % on Chinese mustard and 76.2 % on spring rape. The highest growth increase in the yield capacity was observed in the same variant; for white mustard it was 0.431 t/ha, for Chinese mustard it was 0.265 t/ha and for spring rape the growth increase amounted to 0.277 t/ha. As a result of the researches it is established that the weight of 1000 healthy seeds is 2,6996 g, and the weight of the seeds damaged by the larvae of the rape blossom beetle is 0.4213 g, so it is reduced by 84.4 %. The filling of the damaged seeds is 6.8 times more, which indicates that they are smaller in diameter and frail. The undamaged seeds of spring rape contain 35.92 % of fat, and the damaged seeds contain only 17.48 %, which is 2.05 times less. The protein content in the undamaged seeds was 30.97 % and in the damaged ones it was 32.23 %, that is 1.04 times more. The germination rate of the undamaged seeds of spring rape under the laboratory conditions on the eighth day was 90.0 %, and the germination rate of the damaged ones amounted to 58.0 % and was lower by 32.0 %.
The Ukrainian Market of Ecological Tourism: The Current Trends and Development
Authors: Shvedun V. O. , Streltsov V. , Husarov K. O. , Sysoieva S. I. , Sheludko R. M. , Stankevych S. V. , Butenko T. A. , Tkachenko T. G. , Khmyrova A. O.
Published: January 2020

The analysis of current trends in ecological tourism market of Ukraine and set of recommendations for its development under the state support are carried out in the research work. In particular, the analysis of the current condition of ecological tourism in Ukraine is carried out. The essence of this analysis is to assess the impact of the following factors on the gross domestic product of Ukraine during the past three years: number of foreign tourists in Ukraine, number of tourism objects, revenues from ecological tourism to local budgets, revenues from environmental tourism to the state budget, number of jobs in the field of ecological tourism and number of domestic tourists. The given analysis showed that the gross domestic product of Ukraine is practically unaffected by the following factors: number of foreign tourists in Ukraine, revenues from ecological tourism to local budgets and revenues from ecological tourism to the state budget. The recommendations on state support of ecological tourism development in Ukraine by introducing a set of models to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian environmental regions, taking into account the level of influence of the studied factors on the gross domestic product, are developed. The given set of models includes a functional model of the tourism competitiveness of ecological region and a structural model for assessing of tourism competitiveness of ecological region.
Sowing parameters influenced on proso millet quality and yielding capacity
Authors: Poltoretskyi S. , Riabovol L. , Diordiieva I. , Riabovol S. I. , Yatsenko A.
Published: January 2020

The aim of the research is to define optimal sowing parameters that ensure the highest yielding capacity and high quality of the proso millet seeds (Panicum miliaceum L.). To achieve a stated goal we established and analyzed multiple-factor interrelations of the formation of highly productive seed sowing of the proso millet by improving sowing methods and sowing rates as well as conditions improving sowing qualities and yielding capacity of seeds with the application of correlation pleiades. We founded that deviation from the recommended sowing rates in production results in the decline of yielding capacity level. We also suggested that the deficit of seed material caused the highest shortfalls in seed yields compared to its over-expenditure; moreover, the seed planted with wide row spacing had the best yielding capacity, while sowing with row spacing of 15 cm and sowing rate at 3.5 million seeds/ha provided the its highest yielding capacity.
Effect of experimental fascioliasis on the protein synthesis function of cow liver
Authors: Kulyaba O. , Stybel V. , Gutyj B. , Turko I. , Peleno R. , Turko Ya. , Golovach P. , Vishchur V. , Prijma O. , Mazur I. , Dutka V. , Todoriuk V. , Golub O. , Dmytriv O. , Oseredchuk R.
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the work was to explore the indicators of functional state and function of protein synthesis of the cow liver within experimental fasciolysis, sensitized to atypical mycobacteria. Ten cows of black-and-white breed were selected for the experiments. Two groups consisting of five animals each were formed. The control group cows were clinically healthy. The animals of the experimental group were contaminated with mycobacteriosis and fascicular invasion. In the course of research, the rules for performing zootechnical experiments on the selection and maintenance of animal-analogues in the group, harvesting technology, use and accounting of consumed feed were followed. Being impacted by fascicular invasion, the cattle sensitized with mycobacteria demonstrated the suppression of the liver protein synthesis function, which manifests itself as a decrease in total blood protein, a decrease in the level of albumins and an increase in the level of globulins. According to the clinical manifestation of fasciolosis in the cattle sensitized with atypical mycobacteria, disease pathogens have a toxic effect on hepatocytes causing an increase in the permeability of the biological membranes of the cell membranes. The indicated changes lead to an increase in the activity of blood serum enzymes, in particular, aminotransferases (AsAT and AlAT) and alkaline phosphatase. High activity of AlAT and AsAT in the blood serum of the cows under experimental fasciolysis sensitized by atypical mycobacteria, indicates destructive processes in the liver that cause release of aminotransaminases from cellular organelles in the blood of the cattle. Thus, the results obtained indicate an increase in destructive processes in the body of the cows under experimental fascioliasis sensitized with atypical mycobacteria.
Trace elements transformation in young rabbit muscles
Authors: Darmohray L. M. , Luchyn I. S. , Gutyj B. V. , Golovach P. I. , Zhelavskyi M. M. , Paskevych G. A. , Vishchur V. I.
Published: January 2020

According to scientific publications, transformation of nutrients in the rabbit feed should be studied with regard to rabbit nutritional specifics that is caused by differences of alimentary canal of the species, involving microorganism role in the digestive process. In the experiment, The research considered the transformation of essential micronutrients of feed (Zn, Cu, and Mn) and their concentration in muscle carcasses of rabbits of differentl age and origine, in industrial rabbit production in Prykarpatyia. Feeding norms and nutrient requirements for experimental animals were performed according to rabbit nutrition requirements approved by the VIII International Rabbit Congress (EGRAN tables, 2004). It has been found out that supplying rabbits of different genotypes with the same nutrition affect the retention of studied micronutrients in certain muscles carcasses differently. The experiment demonstrated that the longest back muscle of a 3-month old new hybrid rabbit (NTC) contented the highest amount of zinc and accounted 6.78 � 0.118 mg kg-1 which was by 1.43 mg kg-1 (p =0.001) more than in the rabbits of the local chinchilla (second group). It is proved that the greatest amount of cuprum was concentrated in the hip carcasses of rabbits of the first group (NTC). This rabbit genotype (first group) dominated over the local breed (the second group) regarding this indicator, when the animals were 2 and 3 months old, by 0.15 and 0.49 mg kg-1 respectively (p=0.01). The content of manganese in the muscles of the hips was also higher in the newly-selected three-breed during all the farming period. Thus, at the age of 2 months, rabbits of the first group outweighed their peers in the second group by 6.52 mg kg-1 (p=0.05), at the age of 3 months - by 1.57 mg kg-1 (p=0.01) and at the age of 4 months - by 0.89 mg kg-1 (p0.01). The three-breed rabbit genotype of of the first group was dominated by pure-breed analogues of the second group in terms of weight gain and feed conversion by 7.5 and 3.4% respectively. Due to better transformation of these trace elements, in the body of intensively growing rabbits, the environment is less polluted. The highest concentration of these trace elements was found in the rabbit muscles of both groups in the 3rd month of life. The highest content of the micronutrients studied was observed in the longest and suprascapular muscle of rabbits. The prospects of further research on the study of the transformation of other heavy minerals in industrial cultivation of rabbits has been overviewed.
Chemical composition, energy and biological value of broiler chicken meat caused by various doses of selenium
Authors: Sobolev O. I. , Gutyj B. V. , Sobolieva S. V. , Borshch O. O. , Liskovich V. A. , Prystupa O. I. , Demus N. V. , Paladiychuk O. R. , Fedorovych O. V. , Fedorovych E. I. , Khariv I. I. , Vasiv R. O. , Levkivska N. D. , Leskiv K. Y. , Guta Z. A.
Published: January 2020

From the standpoint of modern ideas, the normal functioning of the poultry body and full implementation her of the genetic potential is impossible without the presence of selenium in the diet. The biochemical diversity of selenium puts it in a number of priority trace elements. Scientists who were studying the effects of selenium on poultry body and paid relatively little attention to the quality of the meat. In scientific experiment are studied the effect of additives different doses of selenium in compound feed on the chemical composition, energy and biological value of meat of the cross chickens-broilers COBB 500. Introduction of selenium into the feed for broiler chickens in the doses which are studied (0.3 mg/kg, 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg) did not significantly affect to the quality of their muscle tissue although it positively affected on some indicators that characterizing its chemical composition, nutritional and biological value. Among the experimental groups, the best meat quality indicators were in the second group of chickens for which was introduced into the feed selenium from the calculation of 0.3 mg/kg. When feeding mixed feeds with selenium additives to broiler chickens it was found that it is likely to increase the concentration of this trace element in muscle tissue by 60.6-100% (P?0.001), which does not exceed the maximum permissible level (MPL). Consumption of selenium-enriched meat of broiler chickens within the limits of the physiological norms recommended in Ukraine will ensure the daily requirement of an adult in this trace element by 23.6-29.4%. This meat product can be especially useful for people who live in regions with low levels of selenium in the natural environment.
Hepatic protein synthesis and morphological parameters in blood of rats under oxidative stress and action of feed additive Butaselmevit-plus
Authors: Ivankiv M. , Kachmar N. , Mazurak O. , Martyshuk T.
Published: January 2020

The intensive development of animal husbandry at the present stage requires new approaches to organizing the feeding of farm animals and the introduction of modern feed additives, which are not normally used purely as feed, but are deliberately added to feed or water to improve their quality, increase productivity and animal welfare. To prevent the development of oxidative stress in animals, we used the feed additive "Butaselmevit-plus", which in its composition contains the fruits of milk thistle, selenium, methionine and vitamins A, E and D3. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of feed additive Butaselmevit-plus on blood morphological parameters and protein synthesis of rat liver under tetrachloromethane poisoning. For research, we used Wistar male rats, which were divided into three groups of 20 animals each. Control rats were intact. The first and second experimental group of rats were administered tetrachloromethane. Experimental intoxication in animals was performed by twice (after 48 h) intragastric administration of tetrachloromethane at a dose of 0.1 ml per 100 g of rat body weight in the form of a 50% oil solution. Experimental group R2 was fed a feed additive of Butaselmevit-plus for a dose of 0.1 g per 100 g of body weight together with the feed for experimental toxicosis for 30 days. On the basis of the conducted researches positive effect of feed additive "Butaselmevit-plus" on the organism of rats, which were intoxicated with tetrachloromethane, is shown, which is shown by normalization of hematological parameters and protein synthesis of liver function. Restoration of hematopoietic function of bone marrow of rats by intoxication with tetrachloromethane is due to the fact that the feed additive "Butaselmevit-plus" contains in its composition fruits thistle, which have a high level of vitamins A and K, and trace elements, namely: Ferum, Cuprum and Cobalt that are directly involved in hematopoiesis. When feeding Butaselmevit-plus as feed supplement, the number of red blood cells in the blood of the second experimental group of rats was higher than that of the first experimental group, but the control values reached only on the 30th day of the experiment. When using the feed additive Butaselmevit-plus in rats under conditions of oxidative stress development, the leukocyte count decreased to the optimum level.
Introduction success of less common species from the genus Berberis L.
Authors: Lykholat Y. V. , Khromykh N. O. , Lykholat T. I. , Bobrova O. M. , Didur O. O. , Lykholat O. A. , Sudak V. M. , Legostaeva T. V. , Gtytzaj Z. V. , Kabar A. M. , Savosko V. M. , Kovalenko I. M. , Davydov V. R. , Suvorova K. M. , Dudkina K. A. , Kolinko O. M. , Grigoryuk I. P.
Published: January 2020

The study dealt with the patterns of adaptation of the genus Berberis L. low-abundant alien plants to the climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The success of the introduction, which was conducted on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (city of Dnipro) near 60 years ago, was evaluated by a set of indicators. According to the study of phenological rhythms, introduced plants can be characterized as plants with a relatively short growing season, a relatively long shoot growth, a short flowering period and a long maturing period. This indicates the lability of the phenological rhythms of the introduced plants, which respond to changes in environmental conditions in terms of the beginning and end of the phenological phases. The aquatic regime of introduced plants reflects the level of their adaptation to the environment due to the ability of plant organism to withstand water consumption. The study of water exchange features of Berberis L. plants revealed a moderate decrease in the intensity of transpiration and a moderate water deficit in the plant leaves, which indicates the adaptation of the species to the difficult climatic conditions of the steppe zone. The response of introduced plants to the level of moisture in the steppe region confirmed the universal mechanism of plant adaptation to arid conditions. Comparative analysis of the reproductive ability of introduced plants of the genus Berberis L. in the conditions of the Botanical Garden revealed a significant variability of quantitative indicators. The weight of 100 fruits ranged from 12.5 g (B. vulgaris) to 16.3 g (B. declinata). Seed length varied from 4.5 mm (B. canadensis) to 5.2 mm (B. declinata, B. amurensis), seed width varied from 1.8 mm (B. amurensis, B. vulgaris) to 2.1 mm (B. koreana). The highest mass of 1000 seeds was observed in the species B. koreana. To compare sample averages, the criterion for the significant difference of Tukey's group averages was used. The investigated plants of the genus Berberis L. can be recommended for the introduction into large-scale and individual gardening in order to expand the range of fruit products and obtain biologically valuable raw materials for the industrial production of functional products.
Assessment of fattening performance and slaughtering characteristics of young bulls from Aberdeen Angus breed, Volyn Meat breed, and Charolais breed
Authors: Svyrydenko N. P. , Kostenko S. O.
Published: January 2020

This paper deals with the research of special features of fattening and slaughtering qualities of specialized meat cattle bred in Ukraine. It establishes special feature of the cattle growth intensity and development in terms of live weight gain and linear assessment of the exterior in the age from birth to 18 months. It has been established that young bulls of Volyn Meat breed were characterized by a higher slaughter yield of 61.7%. Charolais bulls of the same age had the highest carcass yield of 78.5%. Young Aberdeen Angus cattle had the highest fleshing index of 4.5 compared to 4.3 in bulls of the same age of other breeds.
Effect of lysine feeding allowance on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing pigs
Authors: Skoromna O. I. , Razanova O. P. , Tkachenko T. Y.
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the study was the effect of lysine in the diets on the performance and slaughter indices of pigs during fattening. Young pigs of the experimental group, for the introduction to the diet of lysine, for 100 days of fattening had a greater live weight of 7.7 kg, or 6.4%. Control slaughter of pigs about the same indices of slaughter output of carcasses at the level of 84.0-86% in the experimental with a difference of slaughter weight by 4.3 kg in favor of the experimental group. A lower yield of internal fat and average fat thickness of 13.0% in experimental pigs was found, which confirms a more intense synthesis of muscle tissue. The content of total and bound moisture in muscle tissue was higher by 4.7% and 7.5%, respectively, in the pigs of the experimental group against control, but lower by 2.5% of free moisture. The consequence of these indicators is a lower solid content of 4.5% in the experimental group of pigs.
Phenotypic regulation of animal skeletal muscle protein metabolism
Authors: Erimbetov K. T. , Obvintseva O. V. , Fedorova A. V. , Zemlyanoy R. A. , Solovieva A. G.
Published: January 2020

This review highlights the current state of phenotypic mechanisms of regulation of muscle protein metabolism in animals. Since the skeletal muscle represents 40–50% of body mass in mammals it is a critical regulator of overall metabolism. Therefore, an understanding of the processes involved in the postnatal increase in muscle mass, with associated accumulation of protein, is fundamental. Throughout life, a delicate balance exists between protein synthesis and degradation that is essential for growth and normal health of humans and animals. Signaling pathways coordinate muscle protein balance. Anabolic and catabolic stimuli are integrated through the PKB/Akt-mTORC1 signaling to regulate mechanisms that control muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. At an early periods of intensive growth, muscle mass is stimulated by an increase in protein synthesis at the level of mRNA translation. Throughout the life, proteolytic processes including autophagy lysosomal system, ubiquitin proteasome pathway, calcium-dependent calpains and cysteine protease caspase enzyme cascade influence the growth of muscle mass. Several signal transmission networks direct and coordinate these processes along with quality control mechanisms to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Genetic factors, hormones, amino acids, phytoecdysteroids, and rhodanines affect the protein metabolism via signaling pathways, changing the ability and / or efficiency of muscle growth.
Early sex detection and physiological stimulation of spawning in the Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)
Authors: Izhboldina O. O. , Pishchan I. S. , Khramkova O. M. , Mylostyvyi R. V. , Sapunov V. V. , Korzhenevska P. O.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of an experimental study on physiological stimulation of tilapia spawning and methods of early sex detection in juvenile fish. It has been determined that among organic dyes, solution of diamond green has shown the best results in determining the sex of juvenile tilapia. It has been found that the pituitary gland of carp is suitable for stimulation of reproductive products maturation in tilapia and causes spawning behavior in fish. Under controlled conditions, this allows obtaining a constant number of larvae of a certain age and size, which is an essential prerequisite for industrial fish breeding technology.
Different enriched environments for Eurasian lynx in the Barnaul Zoo
Authors: Antonenko T. V. , Ulitina O. M. , Pysarev S. V. , Matsyura A. V.
Published: January 2020

Our primary interest is in welfare of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the Barnaul Zoo. As discussed below, behavioural researches can reveal much about the welfare of captive wild animals. Eurasian lynx behaviour is studied and time budget is calculated for male and female. The Schorygin’ similarity coefficient of behaviour is determined (87.2%). The male lynx demonstrated low degree of stereotypic behaviour–5.9%, the female lynx–3.8%. We analyzed the differences in their behaviour before and after environmental enrichment. Olfactory environmental enrichment exhibits a decrease of male stereotypic behaviour on 24.3% and of female on 18.8%. Feeding environmental enrichment reduces male stereotypic behaviour on 15.9%, female on 20.3% (with a rat trunk); the male lynx pacing is diminished on 0.9% and female stereotypic behaviour on 1.4% in experiments with meat under fresh-cut grass. Based on our findings, we recommend that lynxes should be housed by mating pair (male with female), with appropriate hiding locations and with the varied feeding, change decorations for captive lynx, carry out tests by olfactory environmental enrichment (with pony droppings and with valerian) and feeding environmental enrichment. It could be concluded that animal welfare depends on keepers’ goodwill relation with captive lynx.
Optimization of clonal micropropagation of Chrysanthemum
Authors: Borodulina I. D. , Trufanova A. , Shevchenko G. , Sokolova G. , Plaksina T.
Published: January 2020

Micropropagation of Chrysanthemum is an alternative to the traditional method of reproduction. Thanks to this method, the Chrysanthemum reproduction time is reduced to 3-4 months. For clonal micropropagation, sterile microshoots of Chrysanthemums of the varieties Snow White, Stranger, and Baltica White were used. At the stage of the micropropagation, the Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium with the full and half composition of mineral salts and growth regulators (kinetin, 6-benzylaminopurine, β-indolylacetic acid) were used. A universal culture medium for clonal micropropagation of all varieties of Chrysanthemum and optimal mediums, taking into account variety-specificity were established. It was noted that under in vitro conditions, high proliferative activity was observed in Neznakomka variety.
Morphological features of the jejunum and ileum of the middle and heavy goose breeds
Authors: Kushch M. M. , Kushch L. L. , Byrka E. V. , Yaremchuk O. S.
Published: January 2020

We studied the morphological features of the jejunum and ileum in middle and heavy goose breeds. The geese under six month of age of Gorkovskaya and Legart breeds were used in our research. Geese of a heavy breed had a large intestinal mass, length of the jejunum and ileum, thickness of the mucous membrane of the ileum, and a smaller thickness of the muscular tunic of the jejunum. Legart geese had greater villi density and crypt depth in the jejunum and greater height and density of the villi, the width of the crypts, and the ratio of the height of the villi to the depth of the crypts in the ileum. In all the guts of heavier geese, the density of crypts was lower. The geese of the heavy breed had larger number and area of the ganglia of the mental plexus and smaller number and area in the submucosa in the jejunum, while they had larger area of the ganglia of the submucosal plexus in the ileum. The number of argyrophilic and argentaffin apudocytes in the jejunum of geese of different breeds did not differ, when the Legart breed geese had lesser quantity of apudocytes in the ileum.
Biochemical and molecular-genetic markers of adaptability and quality of genotypes in cultural and wild cereal plants
Authors: Moskalets V. V. , Vovkohon A. H. , Kliuchevych M. M. , Moskalets T. Z. , Sliusarenko A. O. , Liubych V. V. , Martyniuk A. T. , Pushka O. S. , Pushka I. M. , Nevlad V. I.
Published: January 2020

We proved that plants A. cylindrica, T. spelta, T. turgidum, T. sphaerococcum, T. vavilovii, T. persicum, T. araraticum, T. aestivum var. barbarossa, and T. aestivum var. ferrugineum, owning high drought resistance, have a stable high productive potential and quality indicators of grain (protein, gluten, dietary fiber content), that allows use them in the production of products functional purpose (bakery, confectionery, sour-dairy products, including yoghurts, and dessert cheese). Implementation mechanisms are disclosed adaptive potential plants of cultural and wild cereals by biochemical (protein content, gluten, starch in seeds, the presence of gliadin proteins (Glі-1В1, Glі-6D2, Glі-6D3, Glі-6В2), molecular-genetic markers (allele genes of drought resistance – Dreb А1, Dreb В1, Dreb D1; glutenins Glu-D1) and morphological-ontogenetic criteria. For the first time for successful address introduction cultural and wild cereal plants suggested by the criteria of mechanisms drought resistance to rank plants by potential ecological valence regarding the unfavorable hydrothermal regime. Differentiation of genotypes based on elements of plant strategies: features of their ontogeny, morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical parameters, biochemical and molecular-genetic markers. In this connection, genotypes of cultural and wild cereal plants in conditions in sіtu by sensitivity on the effect of hydrothermal stress are divided into xerophytic, mesophytic and intermediate – xerophytic-mesophytic types of development. That's it ranking underlying on the principles of autecological approach, manifestation of a multi-level system of answers plant organisms at different levels of integration, as adaptive reactions. In particular, mechanisms such as: functional stability (stipulated structural and functional features of plants), morphological tolerance (the ability of plants to resist damage without reducing performance), ontogenetic evasion (stability due to features ontogenetic development), ecological plasticity of the organism and plant populations as a whole. The obtained results of the biochemical and molecular genetic markers of adaptability and quality indicators of genotypes cultural (wheat, triticale, rye) and wild cereals (A. cylindrica, T. spelta, T. turgidum and others) are important in breeding and successive targeted use in the food industry are given.
Use of different concentrations of enzymesporin probiotic in feeding of growing young pigs
Authors: Magomedaliev I. M. , Nekrasov R. V. , Chabaev M. G. , Dzhavakhia V. V. , Glagoleva E. V. , Kartashov M. I. , Durnikin D. A. , Matsyura A. V.
Published: January 2020

The study, which included four groups of growing young pigs (each consisting of 30 animals), was arranged under conditions of the Bryansk meat-processing plant and laboratories of the Ernst Federal Research Center of Animal Husbandry. The duration of the experiment was 113 days. Animals of the group 1 (control) were fed with the SK-4, SK-5 and SK-6 mixed fodders without any probiotic additives. The Groups 2 and 3 were fed by a mixed fodder supplemented with the Enzymesporin probiotic (0.5 and 1.0 kg t-1, respectively). The Group 4 was fed by a mixed fodder supplemented with the Virginiamycin antibiotic (250 g t-1). The feeding of different concentrations of the Enzymesporin probiotic complex and Virginiamycin antibiotic to the growing young pigs of the experimental Groups 2, 3, and 4 provided the average daily liveweight gain equal to 771.4, 775.4, and 818.8 g (5.8, 6.5, and 12.2%), respectively, as compared to the control. Addition of different dosages of the probiotic complex or the antibiotic to the fodder fed to the growing young pigs (Groups 2, 3, and 4) did not result in a significant increase in the lysozyme and bactericidal activity of blood serum and the phagocytic activity, though a tendency to the phagocytic index increase was observed. Addition of the probiotic complex to forage did not provide any negative impact on the intestinal microbiocoenosis; moreover, it positively influenced on the growth of lactobacteria.
Ecological background of the transboundary protected touristic territory in Western Altai
Authors: Selezneva E. V. , Rotanova I. N.
Published: January 2020

Among the priority areas of international cooperation, environmental activities and the environmental imperative can be distinguished, which is directly reflected in the development of networks of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of bordering countries, represented by various forms of organization of environmental institutions (biosphere reserves, nature reserves, national and natural parks, wildlife sanctuaries, etc.). International transboundary territories can often include objects of environmental protection and conservation of biological and landscape diversity of border regions, in particular, transboundary SPNA. The article deals with the organization of transboundary tourist areas in the Altai, including environmental institutions – transboundary conservation and tourist territories (TCTT). As an example, the transboundary biosphere reserve "Great Altai" on the basis of the State Natural Biosphere Reserve "Katunsky" (Russia, Altai Republic) and Katon-Karagay State National Natural Park (Kazakhstan, East-Kazakhstan region) is given. It is proposed to organize SPNA in the Russian-Kazakh border area of the Western Altai – Altai Krai (Russia) and East-Kazakhstan Region (Kazakhstan). Analyzed and evaluated the natural and tourist potential and protected areas of the region for the organization of SPNA in Western Altai.
Black point in spring durum wheat under different environmental conditions
Authors: Khlebova L. P. , Barysheva N. V. , Ziborov A. I. , Brumberg I. A.
Published: January 2020

The study of cereal seed mycocenosis is relevant in solving problems determining the production of healthy, environmentally friendly agricultural products. Black point of wheat grain is a disorder characterised by a brown-black discolouration at the embryo end of the kernel. It is found in all regions of durum wheat cultivation and it results in significant economic loss annually. We studied seven varieties of spring durum wheat that were grown in 2014-2019. The weather conditions of the growing season have a significant impact on the development of black point of durum wheat in the forest-steppe zone of the Altai Territory of Russia (South-Western Siberia). The defeat of seeds by a black point varied from 2.3% to 28.0% on average for varieties. To obtain high-quality grain that is not affected by this disease, phytosanitary measures are required that reduce the infection of seeds with phytopathogens and limit the development of the disease during the growing season. Analysis of the pathogenic composition of fungal microorganisms in seeds of spring durum wheat, formed in different vegetations, revealed the presence of representatives of Fusarium, Alternaria, Helminthosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillum with a predominance of the first 3 genera. We found the negative effect of Fusarium fungi on seed germination. In the field conditions of the forest-steppe of the Altai Territory, the development of a black point in durum wheat grain is determined by the colonization of seeds with Bipolaris sorokiniana. No correlation was found between the incidence of black point and the infection of seeds by Fusarium and Alternaria.
Evaluation of changes in ecological conditions of wetlands in the Teniz-Korgalzhin depression (Kazakhstan)
Authors: Sagatbayev Y. N. , Baryshnikova O. N. , Krupochkin Y. P. , Mazbayev O. B.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the long-term dynamics of the state of ecosystems of the Teniz-Korgalzhyn depression, carried out using data from the Earth remote sensing (ERS). Based on the analysis of space images, the formation factors of modern environmental conditions are established. In the study area, such factors are positional and barrier factors, as well as the confinement of individual surface sections to different-height layers of the Earth's surface. An analysis of the Landsat series of space images taken at different time, made it possible to establish spatial differences in the intensity of phytomass accumulation in areas located in different landscape locations. The spatio-temporal variability of the ecological conditions of the Teniz-Korgalzhin depression wetlands is accompanied by a change in the amount of food supply and the number of living organisms. Monitoring of these changes on the basis of Earth remote sensing data will allow to prove measures to preserve the biodiversity of the Teniz-Korgalzhin depression wetlands timely.
The soil water balance and the development of spring soft wheat under various cultivation technologies
Authors: Belyaev V. I. , Silanteva M. M. , Matsyura A. V. , Sokolova L. V.
Published: January 2020

The steppe zone has always attracted people with its resources, despite the fact that it is a zone of risky agriculture. In this research we discovered that soil water balance under the spring soft wheat was negative most of the time of the vegetation period in the Rebrikhinsky district of the Altai Region, and soil moisture consumption during the observation period depends on the technology options and an average values was in the range from 100.9 mm to 131.9 mm. An average soil moisture consumption was 42.5% of spring moisture reserves. In the plots where autumn soil cultivation was not carried out, the average water consumption for the vegetation period was 41.7% of the spring moisture reserves, while in those plots where it was 43.2%, i.e., only 1.5% more. The absence of both autumn and spring tillage led to the consumption of 38.8% moisture from spring soil moisture reserves during the growing season. In the case when only spring tillage was carried out, this value was 44.7%, and if both cultivations were carried out - 43.2%. The difference in the sowing rates practically did not affect the total moisture consumption from the soil, it amounted to 42.2-42.8% of the spring moisture reserves. The maximum difference in water consumption was found when comparing the equipment used for spring tillage and sowing. So, when using Catros and DMC-9000, respectively, an average of 47.5% of spring moisture reserves was spent during the growing season, while using Russian-made equipment – KPE-3,8 or BDM-6*4 and SZP-3.6А, it was 38.9%. The moisture reserves in the meter soil layer decreased in direct proportion to the increase in average plant height.
Internal structure of rock glaciers in Altai (The case of talus rock glacier in Dzhelo River Valley)
Authors: Dyakova G. S. , Goreyavcheva A. A. , Potapov V. V. , Shein A. N. , Lobachev D. S. , Ostanin O. V. , Olenchenko V. V. , Bobkova D. G.
Published: January 2020

In 2019, a comprehensive study of the internal structure of the talus rock glacier in the Dzhelo River valley was carried out (North-Chuya Range). The identification of the internal structure was performed using electrical resistivity tomography and GPR sounding. In order to compare the internal structure of the rock glacier with its surface morphology, we carried out aerial photography and constructed a digital terrain model. The study revealed that the depth of the rock-ice core varies from 2.5-3 m to 10 m, and the thickness ranges from 7 m to 30 m. The consolidation cores of the rock-ice material are confined to inter-ridge depressions in the rock glacier body. The potential volume of a rock-ice core is 800 thousand m3, which is 53% of the rock glacier total volume, the ice volume in the rock-ice core can be as much as 400 thousand m3.
Environmental management of protected objects of the Eastern Podillya: Theory and practice
Authors: Mudrak O. V. , Mazur G. F. , Herasymiuk K. H. , Mudrak H. V. , Tarasenko H. S.
Published: January 2020

The article deals with environmental management of the objects and territories of the Eastern Podillya Nature Reserve in the structure of the regional ecological network from the standpoint of physical and geographical zoning. A system of approaches and principles is proposed, which should be used when forming a network of protected objects. The main criterion for the selection of these objects should be the principle of representativeness, while it is advisable to take into account their three types - biotic (botanical; zoological; mycological); geographical (landscape; biogeographic); geosozological (objective; categorical; functional). The area, its size, configuration, state of internal ecological equilibrium, he qualitative and quantitative composition of the protected objects, the degree of anthropogenic impact and the types of conservation regimes play an important role in the creation of the protected objects. But also, of great importance in forming a network of protected objects is the matrix representation, which is widely used in EU countries. The basis is the landscape-zonal principle, where the matrix of biodiversity and landscapes are systems of units of natural areas (biogeographical, geobotanical, floristic, zoogeographic, physical and geographical). According to this principle, the creation of protected objects must be represented by typical (indicator) species of biodiversity, landscapes of all natural zones, subzones, regions, provinces, sub-provinces, districts. On-site surveys of the Eastern Podillya have found that a large proportion of protected sites do not fulfill the function of biodiversity and landscape diversity. The conducted field studies have shown that in the present ecological conditions of the region there is a risk of loss of this diversity. Therefore, using the principle of representativeness, we propose to optimize the nature reserve fund of Eastern Podillya from the point of view of physical and geographical zoning.
Effect of silicon and mineral extract on heavy metals balance and accumulation rate in the muscle tissue of poultry
Authors: Razanov S. F. , Hutsol H. V. , Posternak L. I. , Kovaleva S. P.
Published: January 2020

The level of contamination of poultry fodder raw material, which includes 30% of corn, 55% of wheat, 5% of oats, 5% of barley and 5% of sunflower meal, by heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper) in the zone of intensive farming of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine is shown. The impact of silicon and mineral extract on the intensity of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper) accumulation in the edible parts of poultry, namely in the red and white meat, liver and skin is studied. It has been revealed that there is an excess of MAC in cadmium by 2.1 times in the fodder wheat and by 3.0 times in the sunflower meal (Medical and Biological Requirements 5061-89) in the zone of intensive farming of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The replacement of 10% of water with siliconand mineral water extract in the poultry diet under their keeping at households contributes to increase the removal of lead from their bodies by 27.4 %, cadmium – by 30.2%, zinc – by 20%, and copper – by 16.3%. We determined that the use of silicon and mineral water extract in the poultry diet reduced the concentration of lead by 1.6 times in the liver, by 1.1 times in the white meat and by 1.02 times in the red meat; it reduced the concentration of cadmium by 1.2, 1.6, and 1.2 times; reduced the concentration of zinc by 1.3, 1.05, and 1.8 times; the concentration of copper by 1.3, 1.3, and 1.4 times, respectively.
Postgenomic technologies for genomic and proteomic analysis in biological and medical research
Authors: Solodskikh S. A. , Gryaznova M. V. , Dvoretskaya I. D. , Gureev A. P. , Panevina A. V. , Maslov A. Y. , Serzhantova O. V. , Mikhailov A. A. , Chinopolous C. , Popov V. N.
Published: January 2020

Over the 15 years since the decoding of the human genome a large number of individual genomes have been sequenced. Targeted sequencing – sequencing of select genome regions - has been widely used both in research and in medical practice. The use of various types of genetic analysis is starting to be used in daily clinical routine. At the same time, the price of sequencing decreases and as a result, the amount of genetic information available to researchers and physicians increases. These processes together determine the need for creation of databases for the centralized storage of genetic information which is crucial for synchronization and validation of the work of various institutions. One of the first such databases was the NCBI database created and supervised by the US National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) in collaboration with the National Institute for Human Genome Research (NHGRI). At the same time, the available methods for studying associations between DNA polymorphisms and various phenotypic manifestations do not cover the most important layer of regulation of biological processes - the proteome. The methods of high-throughput proteomic analysis that are to be developed will allow identifying driver mutations that make the greatest contribution to the phenotype of the studied object. The application of an integrated analysis of the genome and proteome for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer pathologies is one of the most important research goals now. This approach will allow to identify new genetic biomarkers that could be used for reliable prediction of the treatment response, risks of the most important diseases, and the development of novel medications. This review shows recent advances in proteomic and genomic approaches to the development of more sensitive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that can be translated into improved clinical care and treatment of the disease.