bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNERGETIC MODEL OF ACCOUNTING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE IN OPTIMIZING WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MODES BASED ON THE PROFIT MAXIMIZATION CRITERION
Authors: Sekretarev Yury , Myatezh Tatyana , Moshkin Boris , Volosatov Roman
Published: August 2024

Since when optimizing the operating modes of a hydroelectric power station as part of a water management complex (WMC), it is necessary to take into account the mutually contradictory requirements of its participants in combination with a synergetic approach to solving the problem, taking into account the principles of emergence, we can talk about its multi-criterial nature. Therefore, the work uses a Pareto-optimal set to find a compromise solution for determining the reservoir drawdown-filling mode, which would ensure not only the issuance of guaranteed hydroelectric power station capacities, but also the satisfaction of the requirements of all participants in the water management complex. The criteria are economic and environmental criteria. In this case, the mutually contradictory requirements of the WMC participants are taken into account based on filling the contradiction matrix. In general, it is formed by deficit conditions of the water management complex, i. e. it depends on the expectation of a deficit of flow, its distribution between the components of the complex and the cost of compensatory measures aimed at maintaining the water and material balance of the region. The relationship between the parameters of the reservoir, the distribution of output between the parameters of the complex, the structure of the installed capacities and the production costs of the EWHC is revealed. The authors have created an optimization model that allows, based on the obtained compromise solutions using economic and environmental criteria, due to which, using the example of the Novosibirsk WHC, it was possible to find the optimal mode for managing the capacity of the hydroelectric power station reservoir and achieve an improvement in environmental parameters, which improves the conditions for water transport.
Phytonutrients in black nightshade fruit (Solanum nigrum L.) growing in Bulgaria
Authors:   University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Department of Chemical Technology, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Petkova Zh. Y. , Popova V. T. ,   2University of Food Technologies, Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Petkova N. T. ,   University of Food Technologies, Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Ivanova T. A. ,   University of Food Technologies, Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Merdzhanov P. A. ,   University of Food Technologies, Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Stoyanova A. S. ,   University of Food Technologies, Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Published: August 2024

Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) belongs to the Solanaceae family and is a medicinal plant with wild populations found in different regions of Bulgaria. The aim of this study was to analyze the availability of selected phytonutrients in the fruits, and, in particular, their presence in two individual fruit structures (seeds and peels) regarded as by-products in juice production. Fresh fruits were characterized by their diameter (8.42±0.62 mm) and absolute weight (393.75±38.00 g/1000 pcs). The seeds contained 9.81% lipids, while their content in the peels was negligible. The main fatty acids in the extracted lipid fraction were linoleic (48.0%), oleic (27.8%) and palmitic (19.6%), with 76.6% share of unsaturated fatty acids. β-Sitosterol (70.80%) predominated in the sterol fraction, and γ-tocopherol (100%) – in the tocopherol fraction of the extracted oil. The main soluble carbohydrates in the seeds were glucose (2.78%) and fructose (2.42%), while the respective quantities in the peels were 4.21% and 3.82%. The cellulose content of the two fruit parts was 14.90% and 15.70%, respectively. The most abundant macro minerals in the seeds were K (15109.34 mg/kg) and Mg (1988.07 mg/kg), and the main micro minerals – Fe (53.68 mg/kg) and Zn (37.77 mg/kg). The peels contained the respective dietary minerals in substantially higher quantities; K (31373.32 mg/kg), Na (3348.46 mg/kg), Ca (2365.82 mg/kg). The results from the study contribute to a more complex appreciation of the nutritional potential of black nightshade fruit available in Bulgaria and the prospects for their processing into value-added products
توجهات الشعب الكويتي نحو بعض الخيارات المالية وتحديداً إنشاء نظام ضريبي في الكويت أو تقليل الدعومات المالية الحالية
Authors: الغربللي براك غانم
Published: August 2024

هدف الدراسة: الانخفاض والتذبذب لأسعار النفط وضعا الكويت بموقف مالي حرج. الضرائب هي أحد أكثر مصادر الدخل المنتشرة بين دول العالم؛ مما يجعلها خياراً واقعياً لتنويع مصادر الدخل. هذه الدراسة تقييم مدى تقبل سكان الكويت لبعض الضرائب التي من الممكن أن تفرضها الدولة. تصميم/منهجية/طريقة الدراسة: الدراسة مبنية على استبانة أسهمت في جمع بيانات أولية مكنتنا من إجراء العمليات الإحصائية الاستدلالية. تعكس الدراسة أكثر الخيارات الضريبية تقبلاً بالنسبة لسكان دولة الكويت. وتعكس أيضاً إذا كان سكان دولة الكويت يفضلون خيار إنشاء نظام ضريبي (أكبر من الحالي) للمساهمة في تنويع مصادر الدخل للدولة، أو خيار تقليل الدعومات الحالية للمساهمة في تخفيض مصروفات الدولة وعجز الميزانية العامة. عينة وبيانات الدراسة: الدراسة مبنية على 3,370 مشاركاً ومشاركة في الاستبانة من سكان الكويت.4,181 شخصاً شارك في الاستبانة، و 3,370 شخصاً منهم أنهى الاستبانة (نسبة إنهاء الاستبانة %80.6). نتائج الدراسة: أغلبية المشاركين في الدراسة يفضلون تقليل أو إيقاف الدعوم المتوافرة حالياً من الحكومة الكويتية على خيار إنشاء نظام ضريبي أكبر من الحالي. و إذا كانت الحكومة مصرّة على الضرائب، فأكثر ضريبة يفضلها المشاركون هي ضريبة الشركات بشرط إعفاء الشركات الصغيرة. ثاني أفضل خيار هو ضريبة الممتلكات، تليها ضريبة المبيعات بشرط إعفاء الأطعمة. أصالة الدراسة: الدراسة من الممكن أن تسهم في بداية أدب بحثي جديد مرتبط بالضريبة في دولة الكويت؛ مما قد يسهم أيضاً في المقارنات مع دول الخليج العربية الأخرى، ومن الممكن لنتائج الدراسة أن تكون قيمة للمساهمة في تقليل الصدام مع الحكومة في المرحلة الإصلاحية الجديدة المقبلة عليها دولة الكويت لتعديل أوضاع الميزانية العامة للدولة وتنويع مصادر الدخل. حدود وتطبيقات الدراسة: من نقاط ضعف الدراسة أن عينة الدراسة ليست عينة عشوائية %100، و إحدى السلبيات الأخرى أن الدراسة تمت بعد انضمام الكويت للاتفاقية الضريبية الخليجية؛ مما قد يكون قد أثر على آراء المشاركين في الدراسة.
Enhancing Governance Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa Can Bolster Climate Mitigation and Food Security
Authors: Du Ruiying , Cai Hao , Xuan Jiaqi , Wang Xiaoxi , Stevanović Miodrag , Dietrich Jan Philipp , Popp Alexander , Lotze-Campen Hermann
Published: August 2024

The sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region has experienced substantial population growth over the past decades, accompanied by severe hunger and environmental degradation. Underperforming governance is a major driver of unsustainable agricultural production and land use in SSA. The impacts of governance performance on food security and the environment in SSA require better understanding by considering socioeconomic and biophysical dynamics. Using an agro-economic dynamic optimization model, we investigate the impacts of governance performance on land use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and food security in the SSA region by 2050. Our findings indicate that strong governance could lead to less deforestation, thus reducing GHG emissions in the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sector. Strong governance could also improve food security, with higher agricultural productivity, lower food prices and food expenditure share, as well as higher self-sufficiency. These findings highlight that those efforts should extend beyond specific agricultural and environmental measures and promote integrated governance to achieve long-term synergies between food and environmental security in SSA.
Exploring Student and AI Generated Texts: Reflections on Reflection Texts
Authors: Håkansson Lindqvist Marcia , Arvidsson Catarina
Published: August 2024

As pointed out by many scholars, Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides both opportunities and challenges in regard to assignments and examination in higher education. The accessibility and use of AI in regard to student assignments, examinations and assessments places demands on teachers’ work in course design and formats of assignments and examination. For teachers, this work is a constant and continuous process, in line with the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) according to Boyer (1991). In order to meet these new demands, teachers need to reflect upon design, as reflective practitioners (Schön, 1987). Reflective design may alleviate the challenges with AI as well as make use of the opportunities with the use of AI. In this paper there are two sets of data. This study aspires to contribute to the current state of AI (ChatGPT) as it is applied in higher education through an empirical study of authentic reflection texts by students in comparison to AI (ChatGPT) generated texts. The first set of data is authentic reflection texts (N=20) written by students. The second set of data is texts generated by AI (ChatGPT). The texts are analysed using reflective thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2019). The themes in the two sets of texts are described, analysed and compared. The two sets of data are then explored, analysed and compared to highlight similarities and differences between the authentic texts and the texts generated by AI. These insights may provide support for teachers in regard to the design of assignments and examinations as well as the practical use of AI (ChatGPT) in higher education.
A Generalized Reverse Conversion Algorithm for Six-Moduli Set
Authors: Nawusu Yakubu Abdul-Wahab , Danaa Abukari Abdul Aziz , Kennedy Kubuga , Daniel Asiedu
Published: August 2024

Residue Number System has emerged as an alternative number system with advantages in many real-life systems including in digit signal processing devices. Computational systems built on residue number system require both forward and reverse conversion processes. These converters respectively convert a given integer into its corresponding residues and calculate the original integer from its residues. While forward conversion is pretty straight forward, reverse conversion poses challenges often requiring difficult procedures. Much of residue number system research has therefore been devoted to design and implementation of efficient reverse conversion algorithm. The Chinese Reminder Theorem and the Mixed-Radix Conversion are the two popular ones. The Chinese Reminder Theorem results in complex circuitry that requires difficult computation involving large modulo-M values. The Mixed-Radix Conversion offers simplicity in designs although its steps are sequential. This paper proposes a generalized reverse conversion algorithm tailored for a six-moduli set with a large dynamic range. This innovative algorithm minimises the difficult multiplicative inverse operations found in the traditional reverse conversion methods paving the way for a more efficient reverse conversion processes for systems that requires high dynamic ranges. The new algorithm has been meticulously evaluated numerically on a proposed six-moduli set $\left\{2^{n+1}-1,2^{2 n}+1,2^{2 n+1}-1,2^{3 n}+1,2^{3 n+1}-1,2^{4 n}+1\right\}$ for even values of , to ensure its correctness and simplicity. The approach holds great promise for enhancing the development of reverse converters allowing the expansion of the landscape of residue number system.
Social Construction of Tribal Health: Maternal and Child Wellbeing among Selected Tribals in South India
Authors: Deepika Krishnan P K
Published: August 2024

Health of the individual is embedded with society’s wellbeing. In the case of Tribal community, health status of inhabitants is the question of their existence and survival.  One needs a dynamic framework to understand tribal health and its engagement with different forms of functioning where the tribal are constantly told what to eat, what and how to cook for children, why to weigh the child every month in the Aanganwdi center, the need to vaccinate, to deliver in the hospital, to pop a pill when having fever etc. These health messages are not merely about personal health but a moral imperative for a good citizen via a good parent. By identifying health as a repercussion of socio - cultural - ecological and biological whereabouts of a society, present study has adopted a sociological methodology to deal with socio-cultural construction of health amongst the Hill Tribes, particularly the Kurumba and Irula of Attappadi tribal block in Kerala state, India.
Mesh Mac Enabling Mesh Networking Over Ieee 802.15.4 Mac Layer
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Muthukumaran Panneer
Published: August 2024

"Wireless sensor network is a network of sensor nodes that function in a cooperative manner to monitor the changes in the physical environment. Wireless sensor networks are used in environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, building automation, and traffic control to name a few. Typically, wireless sensor node is a low power embedded device which consists of a microcontroller, sensors, wireless transceiver and a battery. These devices are usually distributed in a physical environment which makes it difficult to maintain the network manually. The IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee are considered as standard protocols for wireless sensor networks. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is originally proposed for battery powered embedded devices that operate in a personal operating space. However its low power nature and the easy availability of the hardware chips based on this standard made it suitable for wireless sensor networks. Although, IEEE 802.15.4 is being considered as a promising standard for low-cost low- power Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), several issues in the specification are still open. One of those open issues is how to build a synchronized multi-hop mesh network for scalable, reliable and robust networking. In fact, while the current specification supports multi-hop networking using peer-to-peer topology, it restricts its usage to the beaconless mode. This thesis presents the MeshMAC, an extension to the current IEEE 802.15.4 standard in which mesh networking in the low power beacon mode is enabled through the usage of distributed beacon scheduling. The MeshMAC has been implemented on top of the Open-ZB IEEE 802.15.4 stack in TinyOS. The feasibility of the MeshMAC is demonstrated and evaluated through both physical test-bed and computer based emulation."
Farm Deaths And Injuries: Changing Farmer Attitudes And Behaviour On Farm Safety
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Connell Kieran
Published: August 2024

While the Irish agricultural sector accounts for just 6% of the working population of Ireland, it consistently has the highest proportion of fatal incidents of any sector - generally ranging from between 35% and 45% of all workplace fatalities in any given year (Health and Safety Authority, 2015). This was again evident in 2014 where 55% (30 of the 56) of the fatal workplace incidents were in the agricultural sector (Health and Safety Authority, 2015). Agriculture has an ageing workforce with the average age of an Irish farmer now standing at fifty-seven and farmers are eight times more likely to be fatally injured in a farm accident than the general working population (Health and Safety Authority, 2015). Over the last number of years farmers over the age of sixty-five have accounted for almost half the farm fatalities in any given year (Health and Safety Authority, 2015). The findings from this research show that the farm is both a home and a workplace and this often leads to complacency when doing farm work. A mentoring system needs to be established to advise farmers on best practice. This needs to be modelled on the Swedish Safe Farmers Common Sense programme which had 3 main pillars - individual farm visits, courses in safe farming and group farm walks. This was so successful that it managed to reduce the number of farm fatalities in Sweden to zero in 2013. This educational farm safety mentoring programme will nurture a social norm of safe farming practices. Live testimonials from farmers who have been involved in farming accidents also need to be incorporated into all farm safety talks and demonstrations. These need to show farmers the physical, emotional and financial consequences of a farming accident. These farm accident victims should attend individual farm visits, courses in safe farming and group farm walks. These farm accident victims should be directly employed under a Health and Safety Authority (HSA) funded scheme so they are freely available and remunerated to talk to farmers, all over the country. Practical workshops need to be set up so farmers learn specific skills appropriate to their farming situation. Lecture-based teaching where farmers sit and listen about safe farming practices should be avoided as farmers like to learn by doing. Farm advisory bodies need to explain to older farmers that they should respect the limitations on what they can do on a farm. The media used to promote this safe farming message should be age-appropriate. Constant promotion of safe farming practices to farmers, partners and children will ensure good safe farming attitudes and behaviour, among all members of the farming community.
Mupirocin Resistance In Staphylococci: An Investigation Of Current Status And Potential Alternative Therapies
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Shea Susan
Published: August 2024

"Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic used in hospital infection control practices to control transmission of staphylococci, in particular MRSA, which has become a major problem in Irish hospitals and has a significant impact on patient morbidity and mortality. Overreliance on mupirocin to eradicate MRSA carriage and to prevent infection has led to mupirocin resistance among staphylococcal species. Two distinct types of resistance have developed within strains: low'-level mupirocin resistance (LMR) and high-level mupirocin resistance (HMR). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and types of mupirocin resistance in a large population of clinical staphylococcal isolates including Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS). CLSI guidelines for mupirocin susceptibility have not yet been established, so the most recently-described criteria were used to interpret zone sizes. Based on these criteria a total of 26 isolates (3% of MRSA, 1% of MSSA, and 22% of CoNS as a proportion of the entire population of strains) were designated HMR, which is interpreted as the more clinically-significant fonn of mupirocin resistance. Mupirocin E-tests were used to confirm disc diffusion results, and confirmatory genotypic analysis using PCR was performed to confirm that the HMR isolates possess the mupA gene which confers HMR. All three methods demonstrated complete correlation and no discrepancies were observed. This study revealed that the incidence of mupirocin resistance, both HMR and LMR, was much greater in the CoNS isolates than the MSSA isolates (32% versus 2%). Previous studies suggest that CoNS may be a reservoir for mupiroein resistance transfer to MRSA; therefore these strains could serve as a potential reservoir for the spread of resistance to MSSA isolates and thereby further increase the mupiroein resistance rates in this clinically-significant pathogen. "
Assessing The Attitudes Of Regional Business Toward Research And Development (r&d) And Networking Activities In The South West Of Ireland
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, O'Flaherty Denis
Published: August 2024

"This project seeks to understand and measure the levels of Research and Development (R&D) and Networking Activity amongst regional business in the South West of Ireland. The South West region of Ireland is a unique and beautiful place, but presents challenges and obstacles in terms of running a business within the region. It is now generally accepted by policy-makers that Ireland is going to become increasingly dependent upon its indigenous businesses, most of which can be classified as Small-to- Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The question of R&D and networking was framed within the context of location, given the physical characteristics of the southwest as a business location. Having formulated the research question and set down the research objectives and hypotheses the researcher undertook a literature review. This literature review encompassed current international, European and Irish academic writings, along with the many government-sponsored and international reports available to the researcher. The researcher opted for triangulation of data, which was achieved through carrying out eight in-depth interviews throughout the region, followed by a wider postal survey to the relevant population and finally the above-mentioned literature review. Results, following tabulation of data through SPSS software, revealed that (a) location does affect networking activity, and (b) business-size is also a factor in relation to R&D activity. Findings reveal that many SME owner/managers are unaware of R&D grant-aid and the benefits of networking. Business networking has great potential in the South West but at present this is not being realised. In the final analysis, this research makes it clear that location and physical infrastructure are impediments to doing business, but, depending on the individual concerned, are certainly not insurmountable obstacles in relation to doing business throughout the region."
Teenage Consumer Behaviour: Factors That Influence Their Purchase Decisions Towards Clothing Brands.
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Baylor Regina
Published: August 2024

"This study explores the perceptions held by Irish teenage consumers in relation to branded clothing and investigates the different factors which influence them in their decision-making process. In seeking to expand the understanding of teenage consumer behaviour and the factors that influence their clothing brand choices, this study focuses predominantly on the susceptibility of teenage consumers to peer and reference group influence. This study examines the social and psychological concepts of attributing status, social value and specific purchase intent to clothing brands in relation to teenage consumer decision-making. This study is therefore interested in exploring the hypothesis that branded clothing is used by some teenagers as a vehicle for social acceptance among their peer group and for communicating status to the external world. This research is furthermore interested in the supposition that peer pressure may be particularly prevalent amongst those teenagers whose desired social identity is strongly linked to their reference group identity. This research into teenage consumer behaviour and the factors that influence their clothing brand choice expands the understanding of brand conscious Irish teenage consumers."
Low Cost, Multi-purpose Genotyping Panels For Dairy And Beef Cattle
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Judge Michelle
Published: August 2024

The selection of animals based on DNA has revolutionised animal breeding, but the associated high cost of obtaining genotypes has limited its uptake. The objective of this thesis was to develop a low-cost, low-density, multi-purpose genotyping panel for the procurement of reliable genotype information, and to quantify the long-term consequences of using such low-density genotype panels in breeding programs. The objectives were achieved through a combination of real-life cattle genotype data and simulations to mimic a cattle population. The in-silico development of genotype panels was based on actual genotypes from up to 58,705 beef cattle. Alternative novel strategies were used to identify informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the purpose of developing a low density genotype panel which, once imputed to higher density, could be used in genomic evaluations. A minimum of 3,000 carefully selected SNPs were required if selected for use in a single breed, but this recommendation increased to 6,000 SNPs if the panel was to be applicable for imputation across breeds. Analysis using simulations suggest that successive imputation across generations, using approaches currently adopted globally, was suboptimal with an accumulation of errors over generations; an approach based on stepwise generational imputation was recommended to reduce the erosion in accuracy of imputed genotypes over generations. Results also indicated that a minimum of 300 SNPs were required to accurately predict breed composition with a mean standard error of prediction of 0.036. The advent of genomic evaluations has reduced generation intervals intensifying the importance of screening for DNA variants contributing to congenital defects. Using high density genotype data from 45 phenotypically normal calves and 23 half-sib contemporaries with a missing cleft pallet phenotype, a region on chromosome 13 was identified to harbour the underlying mutation. Analysis of sequence data from a selection of these animals identified putative causal mutations. In conclusions, appropriately designed genotype panels, coupled with optimised imputations strategies, can facilitate the widespread adoption of low-cost accurate genome-based breeding programs.
Investigation Into The Effect Of The Upsee On The Cognitive, Social And Physical Development Of Young Children With Down Syndrome.
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, Issac Diana
Published: August 2024

Young children with Down syndrome face developmental delay in walking compared to a typically developing child. This delay in upright exploration can in turn affect other areas of development such as cognitive, social, self- help and emotional development. Acquisition of particular motor milestones is therefore vital. UPSEE is a new mobility device designed to help children with movement delays to stand and move with the help of an adult. This research investigated the use of UPSEE and measured children’s progress covering areas such as cognitive, social and physical development. Moreover, active parental, siblings and peer group involvement during the UPSEE programme has also been evaluated. Selection criteria included children with Down syndrome between 11 months and 5 years who were at the time of the study able to stand with some support. The research programme involved sixteen participants, ten in the intervention group and six in the control group. Conventional treatment was given to the control group and the intervention group received the UPSEE programme along with conventional treatment. Exercise in UPSEE was assigned for 40 minutes, 5 times a week for 4 months. All children were assessed using the ‘Bayley scale of infant motor development IIP pre and post-intervention. The parents’ perspectives while using UPSEE have been evaluated using questionnaires. Results of the study show that the use of UPSEE by the intervention group resulted in significant improvements in cognitive (P< .0005), social (P= .001) and physical (P, .0005) development when compared to eontrol group participants. The study also outlined safety guidelines for the use of the UPSEE in this population. Additional longitudinal research to know the long term benefits of UPSEE mediated intervention is needed but the current results suggest that UPSEE should be considered as an early intervention treatment option for children with Down syndrome.
The Use Of Machine Learning To Detect Suckling In Pre-weaned Calves
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, Katamreddy Sukumar
Published: August 2024

The weaning of cattle is a process which is known to be labour intensive and to have stressful effects on both cow and calf Common methods used in the weaning process include the temporary removal of a mother from the calf and manual observation and intervention. Early and speedy weaning is known to have a number of benefits, including health benefits for both cow and calf, additional weight gains for the calves as well as reduced labour and feed requirements. The process known as Two-Stage Weaning is recognised to be an effective low-stress approach to weaning in which the calf and cow are allowed to remain together during the weaning process. This project’s industry partner has developed an innovative device for use as part of the Two-Stage Weaning process which deters calves from suckling and thus speeds up the weaning process. Key to the success of this technology is the ability to predict when suckling is about to commence in order to intervene. This thesis presents an evaluation of the use of machine learning techniques to detect presuckling indicators in calves. Two potential methods have been developed and are presented, the detection of calf head movement patterns from motion data and the visual detection of the cow’s udder from image data gathered from a neck mounted camera placed on the calf The constraints to choose the most suitable machine learning algorithms for this application are accuracy, low latency and simplicity, which will allow deployment to an embedded processing unit enabling automatic, real-time detection, allowing timely intervention to deter suckling.
On Imaging Air Pollutants In An Urban Street Canyon Using Tomographic-doas
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Driscoll Stephen
Published: August 2024

A novel imaging technique based on the combination of differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) and tomographic reconstruction is presented. This approach, called Tomographic-DOAS, makes it possible to image the spatial distribution of multiple pollutants in an arbitrary region of the atmosphere. Tomographic-DOAS relies on a mathematical model relating measurements of differential optical density to an underlying spatial distribution of pollutants. This model requires the development of an optical system capable of generating multibeam paths or sensing geometries. The optical instrumentation used to construct such sensing geometries is described and a novel scanning beam arrangement that allows a single beam DOAS system to be adapted for this purpose is proposed. To assess the performance that can be expected from such an optical system, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of pollutant behaviour in a typical street canyon is used as a phantom distribution. The imaging process is then modelled and the performance of a number of common algebraic reconstruction algorithms assessed by comparison to this phantom. This assessment is conducted using a new performance metric that combines measures of reconstruction accuracy and speed. The results of this analysis indicate that algorithms such as ART and SART are well- suited to this reconstruction process. However, a new algorithm called WART exhibits improved performance in a number of situations. As part of this assessment, the effect of sensing geometry beam loss and differential optical density noise is simulated. These results indicate that catastrophic degradation of reconstruction quality can occur in some cases of beam path loss and that, in general, noise contamination introduces false high-frequency features in reconstructions and degrades their overall quality.
Structural Behaviour And Analysis Of A Steel-concrete Balcony Bracket
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Carroll Sean
Published: August 2024

"For commonly used moment connections, such as the various types of beam to column endplates, a large amount of information in relation to testing data and suggested design methods exist. Engineers can use this information to safely design such connections. When developing new and unique types of connections however, usually no prior testing information is available to engineers due to the unique design. At the present time, the most effective method of designing and developing any structural element or connection is through testing. Testing and detailed analysis of the results gives factual information on the behaviour of the structure, which will help to determine its suitability for a particular use. Cold bridging has been a commonly occurring problem in traditionally constructed cantilevered balconies, where the balcony is tied directly into the building envelope. Vision Modular Structures are currently developing a new type of balcony connection to reduce/eliminate cold bridging. In this thesis, the newly developed balcony connection was subjected to extensive testing and analysis. The unique design of these new balcony connections aims to eliminate the effects of cold bridging while producing an effective and efficient means of connecting balconies to the main building envelope. The research in this report was concerned with the main parameters and components that affect the performance of connections in general. A review of the way in which moment connections may be classified is presented. A detailed research of the behaviour of the bond between concrete and steel is included as the transfer of force from the balcony connections into the reinforcing bars of the concrete slabs is of critical importance to enable the balconies to support the desired load. An overview of the finite element method and the finite element software LUSAS is also presented."
An Investigation into the Impediments of RFID Adoption in Ireland
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, O'Connor Emer
Published: August 2024

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology increases the ability of organisations to acquire a vast array of data about the location and properties of any entity that can be physically tagged, and wirelessly scanned within certain technical limitations. Many companies can benefit from its adoption, companies such as Manufacturing, Logistics, FMCG/Retail, Libraries and Pharmaceutical. This Research investigates the impediments to RFID adoption in Ireland. Internationally the lack of standards, cost of the technology along with other factors are cited as major constraints to the adoption of RFID. In an Irish context these factors hold true. Following an extensive research process, this research paper identifies cost and unwillingness to change as major impediments to the RFID adoption rates in Ireland.
Image’nation : The Search for a Folk Image of Ireland in Art and Popular Culture, 1849 to 1949.
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, Walsh Ciarán
Published: August 2024

This study considers how visual images became central to the folk imagination of Irishness between 1849 and 1949. It begins with contrasting representations in photography of the Irish in the 1890s. The political/cultural contexts of images of Irishness is established and developed with reference to the juxtaposition of contemporary visual arts, folk song and nationalism in Kilmainham Gaol in 1991. It considers whether distinct cultural systems have historically competed for legitimacy and whether, specifically, art and tradition are incompatible in terms of a nationalist construction of Irishness. The Irishness of Irish art in the nineteenth century, the role of the visual arts in the revivals of the 1890s, the institutional record of Saorstat Éireann and the career of Paul Henry are each examined with reference to a disconnection between art and tradition as defined by Irish Ireland. The nature of tradition is scrutinised in this context. The music of Sean O’Riada is considered as a case study in the degree of alienation between tradition and art in modem Ireland. A distinction is drawn between tradition, folk and popular culture as a pretext for an exploration of the capacity for art in Irish Ireland. The evidence of Synge, Henry, and the Tory Island painters is considered. Evidence of visuality in folk strategies devised by the Young Irelanders and George Petrie in particular is also considered. The focus shifts from restrictive notions of art to a more inclusive concept of visual culture and the emphasis shifts to popular culture in the age of mechanical reproduction. The work of photographer Robert J. Welch illustrates how the transfer of images of ‘the real Ireland’ from ethnography to popular culture facilitated the construction of folk images of Irishness at the end of empire. The study concludes with a photographic essay on the emergence of a folk ‘image’nation.’
Terracotta tiles in Bengal. Decorations and techniques in Mosques of the Sultanate period
Authors: AHMED EMAM Mahmoud , DE GIOSA Sami
Published: August 2024

The mosques of Bengal exhibit a unique decorative style, representing diverse ornamentation on both interior and exterior facades. This diversity reflects the varied backgrounds of the artisans, culminating in what can be termed 'Bengali style' emerging from external influences and local Bengali traditions. This style spread along the ancient Bengal region during the sultanate period 944-1538; including present West Bengal and Bangladesh. This research, based on field studies and observation in Kolkata, Malda, Orissa, Bihar, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh, aims to identify the aesthetic features in Bengal sultanate mosques connected to a specific mode of decoration: the employment of terracotta tiles. Employing a chronological study backed by statistics, the research seeks to address questions about the terracotta tiles’ properties, artistic origins, techniques used, and the impact of geographical and cultural variables on its diversity. Furthermore, an attempt is made to propose approximate dates for five mosques with uncertain dates based on their artistic style properties.
Prostitution and its perception as a social and economic phenomenon in Iran and the Caucasus in the late Middle Ages
Authors: MARGARYAN Gor , HARUTYUNYAN Anush
Published: August 2024

The connection between the Iranian world and the Caucasus is longstanding and encompasses various areas, including history, culture, language and religion. The objective of this article is to investi-gate the prevalence and taxation of prostitution in late medieval Iran from the inception of the Mongol period (Ilkhanate) to the decline of the Safavids. Prostitution was increasingly perceived as a form of tra-de and was therefore subject to taxation in the same way as other forms of trade. Notwithstanding the efforts of secular authorities to eradicate it and in spite of the fact that in Muslim Iran prostitution was deemed a breach of Islamic law, the practice endured on a notable scale.
The history of the Porto Palermo Castle and the significance of its Greek inscription
Authors: TRUSHAJ Aleks , ELEZI Gladiola
Published: August 2024

The castle in Porto Palermo is an important historical site with a Greek inscription, which is of great cultural significance for the region and the whole world, testifying to the ancient history and connection with different cultures and eras. The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of this inscription in the context of the history of the castle in Porto Palermo. Throughout the study, various theoretical methods of understanding were employed, including analysis, synthesis, specification, abstraction, and generalization. The research revealed that Porto Palermo, formerly known as the ancient Epirot city of Panormi, maintained its significance as a fortress throughout the Middle Ages, serving trade interests. By the end of the 18th century, the region came under the governance of Governor Ali Tepelene. It was determined that the Porto Palermo Fortress, constructed in 1803, situated on a peninsula, features a triangular shape, towering walls, bastions, and marble slabs inscribed with Greek text, emphasizing the historical importance of the castle and past events. It is described that in the Paschalëk region under the Ottoman Empire's rule, where the fortress stood, Greek became the official language at Ali Pasha's court, fostering unity among different ethnic groups despite linguistic differences. Remarkably, during Ali Pasha's era, Albanians had yet to acquire national status. It is described that on the white marble plaque, there is a relief inscription in Greek script, which elaborately describes the historical aspects of the castle, the greatness of Ali Tepelene, his significance as a historical figure for Albania and Greece, and his recognition as an unparalleled military leader. This study is important for historians whose subject is Albania under Ottoman rule, as it is possible to deepen and broaden general historical knowledge by studying such elements of culture and architecture.
Analisis Keterlambatan Proyek Jatibarang Menggunakan Metode Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) di PT Pertamina EP Aset 3
Authors: Arifin Setya Intan Fitria , Margana Ade Suryatman , Murniati Sri
Published: August 2024

Keterlambatan proyek yang tidak ditangani dengan segera dapat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas kinerja suatu perusahaan. Untuk itu, perlu diketahui penyebab-penyebabnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterlambatan proyek berdasarkan perhitungan nilai tingkat kegagalan (failure) dan risiko-risiko yang terjadi. Metode FTA digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi perisitiwa kegagalan, menentukan penyebab peristiwa kegagalan, mengklasifikasikan AND/OR, dan membuat diagram fault tree pada keterlambatan proyek Jatibarang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diagram fault tree, diketahui bahwa proyek Jatibarang telah mengalami keterlambatan selama tiga bulan, ini disebabkan oleh tiga belas kejadian dasar (sebelas kejadian dasar disebabkan oleh faktor kontraktor dan dua kejadian dasar disebabkan oleh faktor owner) dan nilai reliabilitas pada proyek Jatibarang ini sebesar 0,59. Hal tersebut berarti proyek dalam keadaan hampir tidak bekerja tetapi masih terselamatkan.
Pengaruh Panjang Pipa Suction dan Liquid terhadap Kinerja AC Split
Authors: Hanif Zakwan , Setyawan Andriyanto , Najmudin Hafid
Published: August 2024

AC split merupakan salah satu pengkondisi udara yang sangat umum digunakan karena bentuknya yang kecil dan ringkas. Terdapat dua bagian pada AC split yaitu indoor unit dan outdoor unit, jarak keduanya dihubungkan oleh pipa tembaga untuk tempat mengalirnya refrigeran. Namun kerap kali panjang pipa AC split tidak mengikuti panjang standar yang dikeluarkan oleh produsen yaitu 5m. tentunya hal ini akan mempengaruhi kinerja dari AC split tersebut. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan dengan memvariasikan panjang pipa sebesar 15, 20, 25, dan 30 m didapatkan hasil bahwa semakin panjang pipa maka kapasitas pendinginannya akan turun. Terjadi penurunan kapasitas pendinginan sebesar 29% akibat penambahan panjang pipa sebesar 15 meter. EER mengalami penurunan berturut-turut sebesar 3,43; 3,02; 2,81; dan 2,54. Drop tekanan pada pipa mengalami kenaikan seiring dengan penambahan panjang pipa. Drop tekanan terbesar terdapat pada pipa liquid dengan variasi panjang pipa 30 m yaitu sebesar 12,96 kPa dan terjadi penurunan total daya input sebesar 4%.
Karakteristik Kadar Metoksil dan Kadar Asam Galakturonat pada Ekstrak Pektin dari Kulit Jeruk Manis Pacitan pada Suhu 90°C
Authors: Fauzan Ahmad , Risnandar Tiara Devita , Anisa Vira Rizki , Sihombing Rony Pasonang
Published: August 2024

Kulit jeruk mengandung beberapa kandungan senyawa kimia bermanfaat, salah satunya pektin. Pada industri makanan, pektin digunakan sebagai bahan pengental dan pembentuk gel. Pektin dapat diperoleh dari kulit jeruk manis pacitan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kadar metoksil dan kadar asam galakturonat terhadap hasil ekstraksi pektin dengan suhu 90°C. Pengambilan pektin dari kulit jeruk manis pacitan dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi padat cair menggunakan pelarut asam. Variabel tetap yang digunakan yaitu pelarut asam klorida (HCl) 0,5% dengan kondisi pH 1 dan etanol 96% untuk pengendapan pektin. Variabel bebas yang digunakan yaitu waktu ekstraksi selama 1 jam; 2 jam; 3 jam. Hasil pengujian karakteristik pektin dibandingkan dengan standar mutu pektin IPPA (International Pectin Producers Association). Berdasarkan penelitian, rendemen paling tinggi didapat pada waktu 1 jam yaitu sebanyak 30,36%. Karakterisasi kadar metoksil tergolong ke dalam metoksil rendah karena berada pada rentang standar 2,5-7,12%. Karakterisasi kadar asam galakturonat yang sesuai standar didapat pada waktu 2 dan 3 jam dengan jumlah 41,30% dan 43,37%.
Perancangan Heat Exchanger Tipe Shell and Tube Menggunakan Helical Baffles pada Proses Gasifikasi Batu Bara Kapasitas 30000 Nm3/h
Authors: Rasyid Raihan Fadhlurrahman , Prajogo Sapto , Kurniasetiawati Annisa S
Published: August 2024

Heat Exchanger tipe shell and tube adalah alat penukar panas dengan menggunakan sistem tabung tempat cairan mengalir. Permasalahan pada Heat Exchanger adalah temperatur keluaran coal gas yang hanya mencapai 91,3 °C dan efektivitas sebesar 0.512 dengan standar operasi efektivitasnya sebesar 0,6-0,8. Fluida panas (coal) mengalir pada sisi shell dan fluida dingin (water) mengalir pada sisi tube. Baffle merupakan sekat yang berfungsi untuk mengatur aliran yang melewati sisi shell dan meningkatkan turbulensi menjadi lebih tinggi. Heat exchanger jenis shell and tube dengan helical baffle dapat menghasilkan pressure drop yang lebih rendah, mengurangi nilai fouling factor serta meningkatkan koefisien perpindahan panas. Hasil perancangan Heat Exchanger menggunakan helical baffle dengan sudut 3° meningkatkan koefisien perpindahan panas dari 3,74 W/m °C menjadi 5,57 W/m °C atau meningkat sebesar 32,96%. Nilai pressure drop di sisi shell menurun dari 3,78 kPa menjadi 2,88 kPa atau menurun sebesar 23,81% sedangkan untuk pressure drop tube menurun dari 0,00026 kPa menjadi 0,000069 kPa atau menurun sebesar 73,46%. Perancangan ini meningkatkan efektivitas Heat Exchanger dari 0.512 Menjadi 0.605. Peluang penghematan energi dari perancangan Heat Exchanger menggunakan 2 2 helical baffle ini mencapai 3854,048 W per tahun dengan keuntungan/tahun ekonomi sebesar Rp 500.574.719,64 dengan nilai NPV sebesar Rp. 15.442.942.379,97 dan payback period selama 18,26 bulan.
Perancangan Unit Auxiliary Transformer dengan Kapasitas 700 kVA
Authors: Pebrianty Raylita Napa , Mashar Ali , Kastawan I Made Wiwit
Published: August 2024

Dalam membangkitkan listrik, unit pembangkit memiliki beban-beban yang perlu disuplay untuk pemakaian sendiri. Akan tetapi keluaran dari generator terlalu tinggi tegangannnya sehingga diperlukan alat penurun tegangan dari keluaran generator tegangan diturunkan ke tegangan rendah untuk pemakaian sendiri yang biasa disebut Unit Auxiliary Transformer. Diharapkan pemakaian sendiri dari keluaran generator ini seoptimal mungkin sehingga perlu dilakukan perancangan transformator yang memiliki efisiensi yang baik. Transformator yang dirancang menggunakan model inti besi tipe core type three limbs, dengan daya transformator sebesar 700 kVA, tegangan 10,5 kV / 0,4 kV, 50 Hz. Material inti dipilih CRGO silicon steel dengan grade 27-M4 sedangkan material belitan dipilih konduktor elektrolitis. Dalam rancangan ini dihitung dimensi transformator baik kumparan maupun intinya. Jumlah lilitan untuk kumparan primer sebanyak 1050 lilitan perfase termasuk dengan penambahan lilitan akibat tapping sebanyak 5% dan pada sisi sekunder sebanyak 22 lilitan perfase. Sedangkan perancangan inti dibuat dalam 12 langkah berdiameter total 203 mm dengan berat total 786,33 kg. hasil perancangan tersebut diperoleh rugi-rugi inti sebesar 961,88 Watt. Rugi-rugi belitan sebesar 7313 Watt pada beban penuh. Kemudian efisiensi maksimum didapatkan sebesar 99,225%.