bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TrekAbout Adelaide: One Agency’s Experience of Introducing GPS Technology to O&M Services
Authors: Riessen Adrian , Ryan Alison , Battista Mark
Published: May 2018

Guide Dogs Association of South Australia and Northern Territory (Guide Dogs SA.NT) provides Orientation & Mobility (O&M) programs for people with vision impairment, including training in the use of Electronic Travel Aids (ETAs). Recent developments in wayfinding technology have included introduction of specialised Global Positioning System (GPS) devices for people with vision impairment. This article describes considerations that were made by Guide Dogs SA.NT in selecting wayfinding devices designed for use by blind and vision impaired travellers. Additionally, the way in which these devices have been incorporated into services is discussed, including details of an event to inform the community of this new technology.
Predicting Winners and Losers in Puppies
Authors: Dolphin Georgie S. , Black John A.
Published: May 2018

The authors explore whether or not experienced judges can predict the success or failure of puppies to complete guide dog training. Three judges made predictions on 50 puppies at three, four, six, and nine months of age. Judges were required to give a Yes or No on whether or not the pup would be successful. Results indicate the judges performed no better than chance in picking winners and losers. The findings have important implications for practices in Guide Dog organisations as well as for research directions.
Orientation and Mobility Involvement with Scooter Travel in Australasia
Authors: Deverell Lil
Published: May 2018

Health professionals have expressed concern about vision issues in relation to scooter travel, but despite low vision or legal blindness, scooter travel remains feasible. Safe scooter travel is the result of decision-making in relation to physical limitations and available sensory information. O&M specialists are the only health professionals with a skill-set in blind and low vision mobility and are therefore equipped to conduct functional assessment of scooter users with low vision. A survey of the O&M profession in Australasia (N=69) indicated that 67% of respondents had undertaken scooter work with clients, but 88% believed they would benefit from additional scooter professional development. Further research is needed to inform fair, consistent decision-making regarding scooter use.
Developing an Open Source Sonar Navigation Device
Authors: Hoefer Steve
Published: May 2018

Commercial assistive devices tend to be expensive and difficult for the user to customise to their specific needs. We have developed a hand mounted sonar navigation device designed specifically to be vastly more affordable, while being easy for individuals to both make and customise. This paper covers the process of developing the device, publishing complete details of the device, and the results of having interested individuals make their own version.
Orientation and Mobility Challenges Around the World
Authors: Diamond Maryanne
Published: May 2018

The World Blind Union (WBU) is an international not-for-profit organisation, representing people who are blind or partially sighted worldwide. The WBU is recognised as the international voice of persons who are blind or partially sighted speaking on their behalf at the United Nations, UN agencies and other international organisations. Its mission is achieved with and through its members – organisations of persons who are blind and partially sighted and organisations providing services to persons who are blind and partially sighted in some 190 countries and through six Regional Unions.
Whose Learning is it? Fostering Student Ownership in Orientation & Mobility
Authors: Perla Fabiana
Published: May 2018

There is a growing body of literature (Ashcroft, 1987; Kohn, 1993; O’Neal & Calabrese Barton, 2005; Rainer & Matthews, 2002; Wood, 2003; World Health Organization, 2010) that encourages age-appropriate choice and control as a way to develop student ownership in a variety of educational areas. However, exactly what student ownership is and how it manifests in the context of orientation and mobility (O&M) services appear to be more elusive concepts. This article is an attempt to advance our understanding of student ownership in O&M while providing concrete strategies to foster engagement and decision making, two key aspects of student ownership.
Providing Orientation and Mobility Services to People from Chinese Backgrounds in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Wan Ying Wah
Published: May 2018

Australia is a multicultural country with a large number of older people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds who require orientation and mobility (O&M) services. Guide Dogs NSW/ACT receives a majority of CALD referrals for people with vision impairment from Chinese backgrounds. To enable clients from CALD backgrounds achieve mobility goals that complement their lifestyle, it is necessary that O&M providers foster culturally competent perspectives to enhance and promote effective working relationships.
Stigma, Embarrassment and the Use of Mobility Aids
Authors: Hogan Claire L.
Published: May 2018

Client resistance in using the white cane is discussed. Fears about stigma and embarrassment are expressed by clients as the main barrier to using mobility aids. Assertiveness training is proposed as a means of reducing that resistance.
Using TTouch to Reduce Stress and Enhance Learning when Training Guide Dogs
Authors: Lloyd Janice , Roe Elizabeth (Lib)
Published: May 2018

Excessive stress impairs learning. The Tellington TTouch method (TTouch) is used to reduce stress and relax animals so they can learn more effectively. It aims at increasing an animal’s body awareness and balance by using a combination of techniques that include specific touches, body wraps, and leading (movement) exercises. This article introduces the TTouch method, its role in sensory enhanced learning, and provides a review of TTouch in the scientific literature and the way this applies to stress in guide dogs. The article concludes with a discussion of the benefits of integrating TTouch in guide dog training.
Developing O&M Standards for Australasia
Authors: Deverell Lil , Scott Bronwen , Battista Mark , Hill Jeremy
Published: May 2018

In 2013, members of the Orientation and Mobility Association of Australasia ratified a Quality Framework for the O&M profession, including an OMAA Code of Ethics and OMAA Standards of Practice. The OMAA Quality Framework took a six member committee four years to develop and involved extensive collaboration across Australia and New Zealand. During the process, the Committee discussed such themes as best practice, exemplary performance, minimum standards, independence, and self-determination. A community model of O&M practice was devised, demonstrating the way that power is shared in relationships between the client, the O&M specialist and other stakeholders. The OMAA Quality Framework represents exemplary O&M practice in the Australasian region and is available on the OMAA website (http://www.omaaustralasia.com/qualityframework).
Toxoplasmosis and Vision Impairment
Authors: Bosman Lyndel
Published: May 2018

This paper examines the current literature about toxoplasmosis, a parasitic disease affecting approximately one third of the world’s human population. The disease causes a range of disorders, among them ophthalmic disorders. Case studies are used to describe the effect of the disease on functional mobility, and the type of orientation and mobility training provided.
Development of the Difficulty with Mobility Questionnaire: A Pilot Study
Authors: La Grow Steven J. , Ebrahim Bashir , Towers Andy
Published: May 2018

A 23-item difficulty with mobility questionnaire (DMQ) was piloted with 32 persons who had participated in a one-week orientation and mobility (O&M) course offered by Guide Dogs Queensland in early 2014 to determine its potential utility as an outcome measure for O&M instruction. The DMQ was assessed for reliability, validity, and sensitivity. Reliability was established using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Validity was assessed by determining the extent to which the total difficulty score correlated with a single-item global measure of ability to get around. Sensitivity of each of the difficulty items to reflect change following completion of the course was assessed by comparing pretreatment to post-treatment scores using paired samples t-tests. Acceptable levels of reliability, validity, and sensitivity were demonstrated.
Feasibility of Orientation and Mobility Services for Young Children with Vision Impairment using Teleintervention
Authors: Dewald Hong Phangia , Smyth Catherine A.
Published: May 2018

The demand for orientation and mobility (O&M) training for very young children with blindness or vision impairment (B/VI) and their families is increasing in the Early Intervention (EI) period. However, the extreme shortage of qualified O&M specialists to work with this population may be limiting their access to appropriate services. This study used a needs assessment survey to collect information about the feasibility of providing O&M services in EI using the alternative service delivery model of teleintervention. Responses from 121 individuals in the profession of EI for young children with B/VI provide insight on the current practices and perceptions of practitioners, educators, and administrators. The results of this study and its implications for future research are discussed.
Measurement Invariance of Science Self-Efficacy Scale in PISA
Authors: Kıbrıslıoğlu Uysal Nermin , Akın Arıkan Çiğdem
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study
is to find out whether the science self-efficacy scale in PISA 2006 and PISA
2015 applications ensure measurement invariance. Sample of the study
consists of 4791 students in PISA 2006 and 5071 students in PISA 2015 implementation. Multi-group Confirmatory Factor
Analysis (MGCFI) was performed to determine invariance of the science
self-efficacy scale across year and gender.  Invariance stages were
examined by means of the comparison of fit indexes. The results of the study
indicated that the science self-efficacy scale satisfied all stages of
invariance by gender both in 2006 and 2015. Structural and metric invariance
was provided for both gender across years and total group across years.
The Use of Three-Option Multiple Choice Items for Classroom Assessment
Authors: ATALMIŞ Erkan Hasan
Published: May 2018

Although multiple-choice
items (MCIs) are widely used for classroom assessment, designing MCIs with sufficient
number of plausible distracters is very challenging for teachers. In this regard,
previous empirical studies reveal that using three-option MCIs provides various
advantages when compared to four-option MCIs due to less preparation and administration
time. This study examines how different elimination methods; namely, the least selected
and the random methods, influence item difficulty, item discrimination and test
reliability on decreasing the number of options in MCIs from four to three. The
research findings have revealed that the concerning methods did not affect item
difficulty, item discrimination, and test reliability negatively. Results are discussed
in relation to promoting quality classroom assessment.
O trabalho dos gestores nas instituições de Educação Infantil
Authors: Galdino Luciana , Côco Valdete
Published: May 2018

Resumo: Nos desafios conexos à gestão educacional, este artigo sintetiza dados de pesquisa qualitativa, abordando o trabalho dos gestores das instituições de Educação Infantil, com procedimentos de aplicação de questionário e de desenvolvimento de entrevista. Com ancoragem teórica-metodológica bakhtiniana, evidencia-se um trabalho instado pelas bases legais e demandas – por vezes, conflitantes – dos órgãos gestores, pares de trabalho, estudantes e comunidade. Nesse movimento, o compartilhamento coletivo das ações reúne exigências, implicando responsabilização, que informam novas imposições à gestão educacional.Palavras-Chave: Educação Infantil. Gestão. Trabalho docente. Abstract: In the challenges related to educational management, this article synthesizes qualitative research data, addressing the work of the managers of the institutions of Early Childhood Education, with procedures for application of questionnaire and interview development. With Bakhtin's theoretical and methodological anchorage, it puts in evidence a work by the legal bases and demands - sometimes conflicting - of the management organs, work pairs, students, and community. In this movement, the collective sharing of actions brings together demands, implying accountability, which inform new impositions to educational management.Keywords: childhood education; management; teaching work. Resumen: En los desafíos relacionados con la gestión educativa, este artículo sintetiza datos de investigación cualitativa, abordando el trabajo de los gestores de las instituciones de Educación Infantil, con procedimientos de aplicación de cuestionario y de desarrollo de entrevista. Con anclaje teórico-metodológico bakhtiniano, se evidencia un trabajo instado por las bases legales y demandas – a veces conflictivas – de los órganos gestores, parejas de trabajo, estudiantes y comunidad. En ese movimiento, el compartir colectivo de las acciones reúne exigencias, implicando responsabilización, que informan nuevas imposiciones a la gestión educativa.Palabras Clave: Educación Infantil. Gestión. Trabajo docente.
O Novo Regime Fiscal: tramitação e impactos para a educação
Authors: Oliveira Cleiton De , Silva Guaracy
Published: May 2018

Resumo: O estudo analisa a tramitação do Novo Regime Fiscal no Congresso Nacional, considerando seus impactos e manifestações. A pesquisa valeu-se de estudo bibliográfico e de análise documental. A PEC recebeu 28 emendas na Câmara dos Deputados e 65 no Senado Federal, acatadas parcialmente. Foram registradas, dentre outras, manifestações a respeito da constitucionalidade e da perda de recursos; seus defensores alegaram a necessidade de conter gastos em busca do equilíbrio fiscal. A proposta resultou na EC nº 95/2016 que estabeleceu limites para as despesas primárias, trazendo implicações, dentre outras, para os gastos sociais.Palavras-chave: EC nº 95/2016; PEC nº 241/2016; PEC nº 55/2016; Novo Regime Fiscal; Financiamento da Educação. Abstract: This research aims at the processing of the New Fiscal Policy at the National Congress, considering its impacts and manifestations. The research was based on bibliographic studies and documental analysis. The proposition (PEC) received 28 amends on the Deputy Chamber and 65 on the Federal Senate, partially accepted. It was registered, among others, manifestations about the constitutionality and the loss of funds and resources; its defenders claim the necessity of holding back costs aiming fiscal balance. The proposal resulted in the EC #95/2016 which set limits for primary expenditure, with implications, among others, for social spending.Keywords: EC #95/2016; PEC #241/2016; PEC #55/2016; New Fiscal Policy; Educational Funding. Resumen: El estudio analiza la tramitación del Nuevo Régimen Fiscal en el Congreso Nacional, considerando sus impactos y manifestaciones. La investigación se valió de estudio bibliográfico y de análisis documental. La PEC recibió 28 enmiendas en la Cámara de Diputados y 65 en el Senado Federal, acatadas parcialmente. Se registraron, entre otras, manifestaciones acerca de la constitucionalidad y de la pérdida de recursos; sus defensores alegaron la necesidad de contener gastos en búsqueda del equilibrio fiscal. La propuesta resultó en la EC 95/2016 que estableció límites para los gastos primarios, con implicaciones, entre otras, para los gastos sociales.Palabras clave: EC nº 95/2016; PEC nº 241/2016; PEC nº 55/2016; Nuevo Régimen Fiscal; Financiamiento de la Educación.
Optimal allocation of nonpoint source pollution control measures using two modern comprehensive evaluation methods
Authors: Wu Lei , Tang Xiaodan , Ma Xiaoyi
Published: May 2018

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution has been studied for many years but it exhibits random, widespread, complex uncertainties which make it difficult to manage and control. We employ group decision-making utilizing the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCE) and the analytic hierarchy process method (AHP) and comparatively evaluate the optimal allocation of NPS pollution control measures. Here, we present the top-three evaluation results ranked as follows: combination of contour tillage and vegetative filter strips (CT & VFS), vegetative filter strips (VFS), and combination of contour tillage and fertilizer reduction and vegetative filter strips (CT & FR & VFS). The fourth, fifth and sixth results by FCE method are chemical fertilizer reduction (FR), returning farmland to forest or pasture (RF), and combination of contour tillage and fertilizer reduction (CT & FR), while the corresponding results by AHP method are returning farmland to forest or pasture (RF), combination of contour tillage and fertilizer reduction (CT & FR), and fertilizer reduction (FR). The seventh results for each of the two methods are contour tillage (CT), which has a positive but limited effect on nutrient loss reduction. Our results provide new underlying insights needed to guide the resonable allocation of NPS pollution control measures.
Effectiveness of methods for selecting pumps as turbines to operate in water distribution networks
Authors: Marchiori Isabela Niedo , Lima Gustavo Meirelles , Brentan Bruno Melo , Junior Edevar Luvizotto
Published: May 2018

Pressure control is an important feature for reducing leakages in water supply systems, and the use of pressure reducing valves has been well established as an efficient option for this purpose. However, several studies have demonstrated that the energy available on such sites could be used to generate electrical energy, instead of being dissipated as head loss; therefore, a more efficient and sustainable solution could be applied for pressure control. Due to the low amount of power available, the use of pumps as turbines (PATs) is highly recommended. However, manufacturers do not provide pump curves operating as turbines, making PAT selection challenging. Different empirical methods can be found in the literature for estimating PAT performance based on the pump operating conditions. Thus, this paper presents a comparative analysis of nine different methods, using real data from 14 pumps. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these methods for PAT selection is evaluated in a hypothetical network.
Development and Validation of a Robust QSAR Model for Benzothiazole Hydrazone Derivatives as Bcl-XL Inhibitors
Authors: Gupta Pawan , Gutcaits Aleksandrs
Published: May 2018

Background:

B-cell Lymphoma Extra Large (Bcl-XL) belongs to B-cell Lymphoma two
(Bcl-2) family. Due to its over-expression and anti-apoptotic role in many cancers, it has been proven
to be a more biologically relevant therapeutic target in anti-cancer therapy. In this study, a Quantitative
Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling was performed to establish the link between
structural properties and inhibitory potency of benzothiazole hydrazone derivatives against Bcl-XL.

Methods:

The 53 benzothiazole hydrazone derivatives have been used for model development using
genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression methods. The data set is divided into training and
test set using Kennard-Stone based algorithm. The best QSAR model has been selected with statistically
significant r2 = 0.931, F-test =55.488 RMSE = 0.441 and Q2 0.900.

Results:

The model has been tested successfully for external validation (r2
pred = 0.752), as well as
different criteria for acceptable model predictability. Furthermore, analysis of the applicability domain
has been carried out to evaluate the prediction reliability of external set molecules. The developed
QSAR model has revealed that nThiazoles, nROH, EEig13d, WA, BEHv6, HATS6m,
RDF035u and IC4 descriptors are important physico-chemical properties for determining the inhibitory
activity of these molecules.

Conclusion:

The developed QSAR model is stable for this chemical series, indicating that test set
molecules represent the training dataset. The model is statistically reliable with good predictability.
The obtained descriptors reflect important structural features required for activity against Bcl-XL.
These properties are designated by topology, shape, size, geometry, substitution information of the
molecules (nThiazoles and nROH) and electronic properties. In a nutshell, these characteristics can
be successfully utilized for designing and screening of novel inhibitors.
3D QSAR Based Virtual Screening of Pyrido[1,2-a] Benzimidazoles as Potent Antimalarial Agents
Authors: Sharma Kalicharan , Srivastava Apeksha , Tiwari Pooja , Sharma Shweta , Shaquiquzzaman Mohammad , Alam M. Mumtaz , Akhter Mymoona
Published: May 2018

Background: Development of novel antimalarial agents has been one of the sought areas in
medicinal chemistry. In this study the same was done by virtual screening of in-house database on
developed QSAR model.

Methods: A six point pharmacophore model was generated (AADHRR.56) from 41 compounds using
PHASE module of Schrodinger software and used for pharmacophore based search. Docking studies of
the obtained hits were performed using GLIDE. Most promising hit was synthesized & biologically
evaluated for antimalarial activity.

Result: The best generated model was found to be statistically significant as it had a high correlation
coefficient r2= 0.989 and q2 =0.76 at 3 component PLS factor. The significance of hypothesis was also
confirmed by high Fisher ratio (F = 675.1) and RMSE of 0.2745. The model developed had good
predicted coefficient (Pearson R = 0.8826). The virtual screening on this model resulted in six hits,
which were docked against FP-2 enzyme. The synthesized compound displayed IC50 value of
0.27µg/ml against CQS (3D7) and 0.57μg/ml against CQR (RKL9).

Conclusion: 3D QSAR studies reviled that hydrophobic groups are important for anti-malarial activity
while H-donor is less desirable for the same. Electron withdrawing groups at R1 position favours the
activity. The biological activity data of the synthesized hit proved that the pharmacophore hypothesis
developed could be utilized for developing novel anti-malarial drugs.
Impact of Fat Replacement by Core-shell Microparticles on Set Type Yoghurts: Study of Their Physicochemical, Textural and Microstructural Properties
Authors: Yonaha Verónica , Martinez María J. , Allievi Mariana C. , Leskow Federico Coluccio , Pérez Oscar E.
Published: May 2018

Background: Core-shell micro and nanoparticles can be used to encapsulate bioactive or
functional components and to replace fat content also, since they are able to mimic the organoleptic
characteristics of the fat globules.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing milk fat matter by core-shell
microparticles in set type yoghurt.

Method: Microparticles were produced by electrostatic deposition of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
on thermally induced aggregates of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg)n. Laboratory made yoghurts were prepared
with: full fat milk (F), low fat milk (L) and low fat milk with CS microparticles (CS). Yoghurts properties
(e.g. physicochemical, rheological, textural) were characterized during storage at 4 °C. Trials
were also conducted in commercial yoghurts taken as references.

Results: Water holding capacity (WHC) and elastic modulus (G´) of CS yoghurts resulted similar to
commercial yoghurts. Color properties (L*, a*. b*) were slightly altered and showed no significant
variation upon time. CS yoghurts behaved as a weak gel as indicated by the higher n values obtained
from mechanical spectra and by the lower firmness obtained from texture measurements. Important
differences were observed in microstructure. CS yoghurts showed homogeneous aspect with large aggregates
and empty spaces. Bacterial growth in CS yoghurts resulted similar to low fat yoghurts.

Conclusion: Replacement of milk fat by core-shell microparticles would be feasible giving a final
product without major differences, at least instrumentally measurable, to commercial yogurt.
Investigation on the Stability of New Biologically Active Thiosemicarbazone- Derived Compounds by a Validated HPLC-PDA Method
Authors: Secci Daniela , Locatelli Marcello , Kabir Abuzar , Salvatorelli Erika , Macedonio Giorgia , Mollica Adriano , Carradori Simone
Published: May 2018

Background:

New Chemical Entities (NCEs) could be generally exposed to several stress
conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation in order to better characterize
the compounds and to know if the degradation processes lead to generate undesired (or toxic) products.

Objective:

This paper reports the development and validation of an HPLC-PDA method for the qualiquantitative
profiles determination and chemical-physical stability evaluation after forced decomposition
studies of thiosemicarbazone-derived compounds endowed with interesting pharmacological activities.

Methods:

All compounds and two possible degradation products were resolved by using a Grace® C-18
(ODS) column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 mm particle size) in gradient elution mode. The chromatographic
analysis was run in 28 min. The analytical method was correctly validated using weighted-matrix
matched standard curves in the following ranges: 1-100 µg mL-1 for the lead compounds, and 0.1-8 μg
mL-1 for the two possible degradation products showing a good correlation coefficients (≥0.9756). Precision
and trueness comply with International Guidelines on method validation.

Results:

The obtained results demonstrated an excellent stability of the thiosemicarbazone-derived
products following the treatment with UV set at 254 nm and heat (at 80°C). In solution, however, the
compounds showed different stability profiles.

Conclusion:

The results obtained through the forced degradation studies provided important information
not only for handling, formulation and storage of the substances, but also for the possible chemical
changes in order to increase the stability. Given the importance of the non-conventional dosage
forms, the stability of the substances was also analyzed in the presence of widely used surfactants.
Quantitative Determination of Topiramate in Human Serum and Umbilical Cord Blood
Authors: Cifuentes Cristina , Mennickent Sigrid , De Diego Marta
Published: May 2018

Background:

Topiramate (TPM), an anticonvulsant drug, was determined in human serum and in umbilical cord blood. TPM can produce severe damage to the fetus (baby into mother´s uterus), and it is not always possible that epileptic women change their drug during pregnancy, because some antiepileptic drugs are not effective on some people. Using pregnant-mother serum blood, we can estimate drug levels in fetus serum, and by umbilical cord blood, is possible estimate drug levels in serum babies, without the ethic aspects to withdrawal blood of them.

Methods:

Quantitation was achieved by LC/DAD, using liquid-liquid extraction for isolation of TPM from both biological fluids, using dichloromethane as extraction solvent, and dabsyl chloride as derivatizing agent.

Results:

The method was linear over the concentration range of 5.0 to 20.0 µg/mL for TPM in human serum, and between 1.6-50.0 µg/mL for TPM in umbilical cord blood (r=0.999 and r= 0.998, respectively). RSD, for intra-assay study, was between 0.64%- 1.22% (n=3), and between 0.57% -1.86% (n=9) for inter-assay, when the biological fluid was human serum, and between 0.33% - 3.44%, and 3.38% -3.73%, respectively, when the matrix was umbilical cord blood. LOD was 0.40 µg/mL and 0.39 μg/mL for TPM in human serum and in umbilical cord, respectively, whereas LOQ was 1.20 µg/mL and 1.18 μg/mL, in each biological fluid. Recovery percentage for the accuracy study was between 94.0% and 109.8% (RSD ≤0.191).

Conclusion:

The method is precise, accurate, reproducible and selective for level analysis of TPM in both matrices.
Effects of Gas Supplying Patterns on Aerobic Anaerobic Biogas Production of Rice Straw
Authors: Li Jingyu , Ding Qinghua , Li Wenzhe , Gong Weijia
Published: May 2018

Background:

Rice straw as a plant photosynthesis product, is a valuable renewable
resource and it contains protein, fat, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash. It has received wide
attention for biogas can solve both the energy and environment problems.

Objective:

To improve the degradation rate of rice straw in aerobic and anaerobic bi-phase
fermentation process.

Methods:

Different aerobic methods were adopted to improve the degradation rate of aerobic acid
producing cellulose.

Results:

The results showed that in different ways of gas supply test experiments the total enzyme
activity of aeration mode was higher than that of the stirring air supply mode, which indicated that
the aeration mode was more favorable to the growth of mixed strains of Trichoderma and
Aspergillus. The gas production of TS was 438.69 mL•g-1, which was higher than both the stirring
group and control group.

Conclusion:

The degradation utilization rate of rice straw solid organic matter can be significantly
improved using method of aeration mode, and the conversion of straw biomass into biogas was
promoted.
التعايش بين الاتجاهين العلماني والديني في المجال العام
Authors: Faraj Anwar M.
Published: May 2018

يتناول هذا البحث إشكالية علاقة الإتجاهين الديني والعلماني في المجتمعات الحديثة، ويطرح إمكانية الإستفادة من "المجال العام" الديمقراطي للوصول إلى حالة من التعايش الإيجابي والبناء في سياق مساهمات المفكر وعالم الإجتماع الألماني "يورغن هابرماس" ومراجعاته لعمليات العلمنة والتحول نحو المجتمع مابعد العلماني وتصاعد دور الدين في المجال العام. ويركز البحث على "إستراتيجية التعلم المزدوج" بين التيارين الديني والعلماني واعتماد "آليات الديمقراطية التشاورية" و الحوار العقلاني المستند إلى "الإستخدام العمومي للعقل" بين المواطنين الأحرار المتساوين.
Foreign Direct Investment and its Impact on Development of the Tourism Sector in Kurdistan Region – Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Assad H.
Published: May 2018

Countries seek to attract foreign investment because of the benefits that expect and the positive effects which these investments can have on their economies. However, these investments are looking for a safe of investment environment to work in their conditions of economic safety and legislation and regulations that would facilitate their work freely without restrictions or government control; as well as, the security and political stability, which is a prerequisite for directing these investments to a certain economy. This is clearly in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq. Thus, given the importance of the tourism sector in the economies of most countries and its clear role in economic and social development, many countries have given their attention to tourism investment, which is an important source of their economic resources. Developing countries have started developing plans and strategies based on field scientific studies and theory for the development of the tourism sector and development. This is so that this sector is the cornerstone of the pyramid interest of the power in most developed countries and territories including the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Where, the territory occupies an important place through its geographical location and its potential tourism in different directions and diversity of tourism characteristics. Based on the above, the selection of foreign direct investment and its impact on the development of the tourism sector in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq has been the subject of research. This aimed in identifying the reality of direct investment in Kurdistan Region and its impact on the development of the tourism sector. Thus, identifying the most important challenges facing, it so that it can make a number of proposals which contribute to addressing these challenges.
MEMBERDAYAKAN EKONOMI UKM MENYELAMATKAN DANAU MANINJAU DARI PENCEMARAN DAN KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Marzuki Faisal , Ali Syarif
Published: May 2018

Sektor UKM salah satu penunjang ekonomi nasional, bila dilakukan penanganan yang baik dan tepat sangat berpengaruh besar bagi kesejahteraan masyakat. Di Kecamatan Tanjungraya Kabupaten Agam yang di kenal dengan Danau Maninjau, Penghasilan utama penduduknya  80% bergantung  pada  hasil  perikanan, pertanian dan perkebunan. Oleh sebab itu  program dan pembinaan   yang tepat  sasaran  akan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, namun sebaliknya bila pembinaan dan pengawasan yang tidak berjalan sesuai fungsinya akan menimbulkan bencana bagi masyarakatnya. Penelitian ini  menggunakan  pendekatan  metode  deskriptif untuk mengidentifikasi  pemberdayaan eknomi masyarakat,  dan aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat disekitar danau Maninjau dan selanjutnya dikembangkan berdasarkan potensi daerah dan sumber-sumber sekunder dan primer. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode survei dan wawancara dengan narasumber: Camat,  Walinagari, UKM Petani ikan, tokoh adat, alim ulama. Terdapat 17.226 petak kerambah ikan jarring apung (KJA) di sekitar danau maninjau yang pemiliknya adalah pengusaha, UKM, dan petani ikan. aktivitas ekonomi bagi UKM /Petani ikan  dapat meningkat kesejahteraan keluarganya dan masyarakat secara signifikan.

 

Small-Medium Enterpries (SME) Sector is one of national economic support. If SME is handled well and properly, it will provide great influence for prosperity of society. In the District of Tanjungraya, Agam Regency, known as Maninjau Lake, 80% of the main income of its community is dependent on fishery, agriculture and plantation. Therefore, appropriate programs and guidance of targets will be able to improve the welfare of the community. Otherwise, if coaching and supervision do not run accordingly to its function, then it will cause disaster for the community. This research employs descriptive method approach to identify community economic empowerment, and economic activity of society around Maninjau lake and then it is developed based on regional potency and secondary and primary sources. The data is collected using survey method and interviews with resource persons including : Head of Districs, Walinagari, Small-Medium Enterpries of Fish farmers, traditional leaders and religious leaders. There are 17,226 plots of floating fish net (KJA) around the Maninjau lake whose owners are entrepreneurs, SMEs, and fish farmers. The economic activity for SME/fish farmers are able to increase the welfare of their families and communities significantly.

 
A IMPORTÂNCIA SOCIOECONÔMICA DA PREVIDÊNCIA RURAL PARA O NORDESTE NO DEBATE AMPLO DA SEGURIDADE SOCIAL
Authors: Do Bu Thayse Andrezza Oliveira , Silva Thaís Marculino da , Schmidt Filho Ricardo
Published: May 2018

Desde a década de 1990, a Previdência Social do Brasil, tem sido cenário de polêmicas e divergentes discussões entre especialistas. De um lado, alguns alegam a insustentabilidade financeira da Previdência Social, em decorrência do envelhecimento populacional e a concessão de aposentadoria por idade, principalmente no campo, sem ter havido a contrapartida de contribuição. Por outro lado, há os que alicerçados na Constituição Federal de 1988 apontem as falácias em torno da tese da existência de déficit na Previdência. Posto isto, utilizando-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental (Associação Brasileira de Auditores Ficais da União - ANFIP; Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE; Ministério da Previdência Social - MPS), o estudo em tela tem como objetivo geral analisar a importância socioeconômica da Previdência Rural Brasileira, com ênfase no Nordeste do país. Como considerações constata-se a importância socioeconômica da aposentadoria rural, especialmente, no Nordeste do Brasil, não só para reduzir o nível de pobreza e desigualdade de renda, mas também como um seguro agrícola, sendo mais importante para os municípios do Nordeste do que o Fundo de Participação dos Municípios.
ESFORÇO FISCAL E TRANSFERÊNCIA DE RECURSOS: OS EFEITOS DA RECESSÃO ECONÔMICA NA ARRECADAÇÃO DOS MUNICÍPIOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Lima Victor Godeiro de Medeiros , Sousa Lima Roberto José Vieira de , Oliveira Leandro Saraiva Dantas de
Published: May 2018

Os prefeitos responsabilizam a recente crise econômica pelo agravamento de diversos problemas que ocorrem atualmente na prestação de serviços básicos à população, atrasando, inclusive, os salários de seus servidores públicos. Alega-se que a queda nas arrecadações das receitas é a responsável pela incapacidade em fazer jus às obrigações financeiras. Com isso, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a composição das receitas arrecadadas pelos municípios brasileiros no período de 2013 a 2015.Em virtude da incipiente literatura que versem sobre a crise econômica brasileira recente, o estudo se baseou em artigos científicos que abordam a composição das receitas arrecadadas pelos municípios. A pesquisa é descritiva e qualitativa e possui 88 municípios brasileiros em sua amostra, divididos em dois grupos: o Grupo A, que consiste em 44 municípios de maior Produto Interno Bruto (PIB); e o Grupo B, que consiste em 44 municípios de menor PIB. Coletou-se dados sobre as receitas próprias e de transferências correntes. Através da análise dos dados, constatou-se que os municípios do Grupo B são mais dependentes das transferências correntes (em média, 95%), enquanto os municípios do Grupo A dependem de forma equânime das receitas próprias e de transferência. A crise econômica afetou negativamente as receitas de transferência, que apresentaram uma queda de 7,2% no período analisado, enquanto as receitas próprias aumentaram em 5,68%. O estudo não encontra respaldo para o conceito de preguiça fiscal quando demonstra que os municípios do Grupo B aumentaram suas receitas próprias, demonstrando esforço fiscal.
A QUESTÃO DE GÊNERO NO PROJETO DA REFORMA DA PREVIDÊNCIA SOCIAL: UMA VISÃO HISTÓRICA
Authors: Melo Hildete Pereira de
Published: May 2018

Este artigo se limita a discutir um dos aspectos mais controvertidos da proposta de Emenda Constitucional (PEC 287/2016) da Reforma da Previdência Social que propõe a igualdade entre os sexos em relação à aposentadoria, estabelecendo uma idade mínima de 65 anos para ambos os sexos, argumentando que, como as mulheres vivem cerca de sete anos mais que a população masculina, a paridade entre os sexos é justa. O movimento feminista gritou. Como construir a igualdade apenas dificultando a vida das mulheres trabalhadoras que conciliam com tanto esforço a vida familiar e a do trabalho? Assim, este artigo primeiro discute a história do desenho da legislação da previdência nacional e de como se instituiu esta legislação diferenciada. E, na segunda parte, à luz da divisão sexual do trabalho, analisa a sobrecarga que as mulheres enfrentam com os cuidados e afazeres domésticos que prestam gratuitamente para a sociedade. Palavras-chave: Reforma da previdência social. Divisão sexual do trabalho.
PREVIDÊNCIA RURAL E MULHER: UMA ANÁLISE INTERREGIONAL A PARTIR DA PERSPECTIVA DE GÊNERO
Authors: Souza Edinéia Lopes da Cruz , Staduto Jefferson Andronio Ramundo , Kreter Ana Cecília
Published: May 2018

RESUMOA Constituição de 1988 foi um marco na história das mulheres ao proporcionar-lhes o direito à aposentadoria por idade rural concedida aos homens há mais tempo, desde que comprovassem vínculo com a agricultura familiar. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o acesso à previdência social rural sob a perspectiva de gênero e o impacto dessa política nas regiões brasileiras. Para tanto, utilizou-se dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD), nos anos de 2001 e 2009. Como metodologia, criou-se uma proxy que se aproximasse do número real de segurados especiais rurais da previdência rural. Na distribuição das aposentadorias, os dados apontaram um desfavorecimento das mulheres em relação aos homens.Palavras-chave: Previdência rural. Gênero. Mulher.  PNAD. Regiões do Brasil.
UMA ANÁLISE NÃO CONVENCIONAL PARA O PROBLEMA DA PREVIDÊNCIA SOCIAL NO BRASIL: ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS E EVIDÊNCIAS EMPÍRICAS
Authors: Gentil Denise Lobato , Araújo Eliane Cristina de , Puty Claudio Castelo Branco , Silva Carlos Patrick A.
Published: May 2018

A atual proposta de reforma da previdência social no Brasil, encaminhada pelo governo Michel Temer, tem enfatizado medidas que objetivam a redução dos benefícios previdenciários e assistenciais. Em contraposição a esta proposta, o presente estudo objetiva discutir outras variáveis importantes para o financiamento da previdência social não levadas em consideração pela equipe econômica do governo e sugerir medidas mais amplas e alternativas que possam contribuir para o debate da questão previdenciária no Brasil. Inicialmente, o artigo apresenta um modelo teórico simplificado para indicar um conjunto de variáveis relevantes para o entendimento do financiamento da previdência social. Analisa-se, na sequência, a trajetória dessas variáveis no Brasil coma sugestão de medidas para estimulá-las. Por fim, um exercício de simulação é realizado para projetar os efeitos de mudanças nas variáveis sugeridas pelo modelo teórico, e analisadas na parte empírica, sobre os resultados da previdência social. As conclusões desse exercício indicam que, quando considerados choques positivos em variáveis como a produtividade do trabalho, emprego formal e receita da previdência, os resultados financeiros do Regime Geral da Previdência Social (RGPS) tornam-se positivos no curto e longo prazo. Uma implicação importante desse resultado é a de que os problemas de financiamento da previdência social no Brasil não precisam, e não devem, ser resolvidos unilateralmente pelo corte de benefícios, mas conectarem-se a medidas que estimulem o crescimento econômico, a formalização do trabalho, o crescimento da produtividade do trabalho e o aumento das receitas da previdência social.Palavras-chave: Resultado da previdência social. Eficiência de receita. Produtividade. Formalização; Economia brasileira.
O DEBATE SOBRE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDA AO LONGO DO PROCESSO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONOMICO DO BRASIL
Authors: Mattos Fernando Augusto Mansor de
Published: May 2018

O objetivo do artigo é tratar do debate sobre distribuição de renda nos diferentes momentos históricos do processo de desenvolvimento econômico do Brasil, desde o início do século XX até o ano de 2014. Entre os principais pontos destacados no histórico do debate sobre distribuição de renda, são ressaltados: (a) o caráter histórico-estrutural da elevada concentração da renda no Brasil; (b) o papel do salário mínimo na definição do perfil distributivo; (c) a discussão sobre o processo de concentração de renda durante o governo militar que se instala em 1964; (d) a influência da inflação dos anos 1970 e 1980 sobre o nível e o perfil dos rendimentos; (e) as novas perspectivas abertas pela estabilização da inflação com o Plano Real; (f) a melhoria do perfil distributivo ocorrida no período Lula e a necessidade de se analisar a desigualdade de uma forma multidimensional.Palavras-chave: Distribuição de renda. Desenvolvimento econômico. Brasil
LA CONTRADICCIÓN CAPITAL- TRABAJO: UN ANÁLISIS DEL CONTENIDO NORMATIVO DEL PROGRAMA ARGENTINO JÓVENES CON MÁS Y MEJOR TRABAJO (JMYMT).
Authors: Pretto Florencia Inés
Published: May 2018

En el marco del proceso de restructuración del mercado de trabajo capitalista, el presente artículo busca analizar las concepciones de trabajo promovidas por el programa argentino JMyMT, a los fines de identificar posibles contradicciones en y entre tales definiciones, y las líneas de acción que el programa propone. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa basada en el Análisis de Contenido de documentos gubernamentales. Concluimos afirmando que el programa promueve trabajos adaptables a las exigencias contemporáneas del capital, es decir, precarios y desechables. Su contenido presenta por lo tanto contradicciones en y entre los objetivos y líneas de acción que propone.Palabras clave: Capital. Trabajo. Programas Sociales de Empleo.
PANORAMA DOS EMPREENDIMENTOS DE ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE DE SUAS DIMENSÕES SOCIOESTRUTURAIS
Authors: Silva Sandro Pereira
Published: May 2018

Este estudo parte da premissa de que o reconhecimento da diversidade de estratégias populares para a geração coletiva de trabalho e renda é um passo fundamental para a criação de mecanismos para a valorização de seu potencial produtivo. O objetivo foi fazer uma análise das principais informações disponibilizadas pelo banco de dados do Sistema de Informações da Economia Solidária (SIES) para traçar um panorama geral da estrutura operacional dos empreendimentos de economia solidária no país. Nesse sentido, o trabalho focou mais diretamente em informações que permitissem uma caracterização mais abrangente sobre suas dimensões organizativa, econômica e política, tentando captar também os fatores de diferenciação estrutural entre os empreendimentos de economia solidária no país. Os dados debatidos reafirmam a hipótese da heterogeneidade estrutural que caracteriza esses empreendimentos.Palavras chave: Economia solidária. Empreendimentos coletivos. Dimensões socioestruturais. Geração de renda. Políticas públicas.
UM PANORAMA DA REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA NAS COMUNIDADES DA ILHA DO JOANEIRO E ILHA DO CHIÉ – RECIFE, PE: PERSPECTIVAS, LIMITAÇÕES E POTENCIALIDADES
Authors: Luna Alexandra Oliveira
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho analisa o processo de regularização fundiária de interesse social no Recife – PE, desenvolvendo um estudo de caso nas comunidades da Ilha do Joaneiro e Ilha do Chié. Parte-se da hipótese de que, mesmo com o passar dos anos tendo havido uma reforma nos instrumentos jurídico-urbanísticos a respeito da regularização fundiária de interesse social, ainda há limitações a serem enfrentadas para que seja efetivada como política de integração socioespacial. Para contextualizar o processo atual, evidencia-se brevemente a centralidade da questão fundiária na produção do espaço urbano, a regularização fundiária no âmbito do Programa de Regularização das Zonas de Interesse Social – PREZEIS e a legislação básica que a sustenta. E, em seguida, é abordado o processo de regularização fundiária das comunidades através da descrição do processo e a discussão a respeito das suas perspectivas, limitações e potencialidades. Para fundamentar o estudo, foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos, assim como levantamentos de informações a respeito de todas as etapas da regularização em curso com as empresas responsáveis pela realização do projeto, além de quatro entrevistas com pessoas envolvidas no processo.
DESLIZAMENTOS E ENCHENTES NA BACIA DO RIO TEJIPIÓ: PERCEPÇÃO E RESILIÊNCIA FRENTE A RISCOS GEOMORFOLÓGICOS
Authors: Da Silva Carla Suelania , Bispo Carlos De Oliveira , De Santana Gabriel Augusto Coêlho , Girão Osvaldo
Published: May 2018

Fatores físicos atrelados ao crescimento populacional e ao uso e ocupação do solo contribuíram para uma maior ocorrência de eventos naturais processuais nas cidades. Na bacia do rio Tejipió, localizada entre os municípios de Recife e Jaboatão dos Guararapes, na Região Metropolitana do Recife, foi analisado um trecho da bacia nas proximidades do bairro Cavaleiro pertencente ao município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes, objetivando discutir os riscos geomorfológicos em meio a ambientes urbanos, especialmente os relacionados a enchentes e deslizamentos, assim como analisar a percepção e resiliência da população afetada por tais eventos. Metodologicamente a pesquisa orienta-se pela abordagem sistêmica, como procedimentos técnicos de investigação foram utilizados: análise bibliográfica, entrevistas e levantamento de campo. A pesquisa permitiu identificar que a população estudada está potencialmente vulnerável a duas situações de risco: enchentes e deslizamentos, provocados por eventos pluviais extremos e recorrentes e a intensificação da ocupação das encostas e da planície de inundação. Os moradores em sua maioria se veem em meio ao risco que estão expostos, adotando medidas que comprovam a resiliência da comunidade frente à ocorrência de tais eventos.