bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Renal Artery Embolism in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.
Authors: Huang Huayan , Lin Chunguang , Wu Xiuting , Chen Siqi , Li Kai
Published: October 2020

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is identified as the pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). The intravascular thrombotic phenomena related to the COVID-19 are emerging as an important complication that contribute to significant mortality. Case presentationWe present a 62-year-old man with severe COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes. After symptomatic and supportive treatment, the respiratory function was gradually improved. However, the patient suddenly developed abdominal pain, and the enhanced CT scan revealed acute left renal artery embolism. Given the risk of surgery and the duration of the disease, clopidogrel and heparin sodium were included in the subsequent treatment. Later, the abdominal pain and hypercoagulable state disappeared, and the effect was still satisfactory.ConclusionsThis report clarifies the challenges posed by embolism complications in the management of COVID-19 patients. Thrombosis is at a high risk in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia because of hypercoagulable state, blood stasis and endothelial injury. Thrombotic events caused by hypercoagulation status secondary to vascular endothelial injury deserves our attention. Because timely anticoagulation can reduce the risk of early complications, as illustrated in this case report.
Dynamics of Health Among Adults in South Africa
Authors: Mutembereza Usengimana Shadrack
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThis paper estimates trend of health mobility in South Africa using National Income Dynamic Study (NIDS) and investigate whether the patterns of health mobility differs within socioeconomic groups created by income and gender. Health is measured by SRHS, which correlates with mortality and morbidity; thus, it is the best measure of health. MethodsUsing five waves of NIDS and various econometric models, this research estimates health mobility in the period between 2007 and 2017. This study will use transition matrix as descriptive analysis of health mobility and Conditional Maximum Likelihood Estimations to analyse health mobility, trend of health mobility and relationship between health mobility and health inequality within NIDS. ResultsThe study shows that, among poor males, health mobility neither follows a health selection or health constraint mobility trend; the high health mobility with ambiguous trends has not decreased health inequality. Among the poor females, a negative health mobility trend is observed; this research also found that health inequality has not creased. Among the non-poor males, it is found that health mobility follows a gradient constraint trend which has decreased health inequality. Among non-poor females, it is found that health mobility follows a health selection trend which has not decreased health inequality. The results suggest that policy makers should target both social determinants of health and health campaigns to deal with health inequality among the poor males. ConclusionsThe trend of health mobility among poor females suggest that policy makers should target the social determinants of health to combat health inequality. The trend of health mobility among the non-poor males suggests that health mobility will eliminate health inequality. Lastly, the trend of health mobility suggests that policymakers should target health campaigns to deal with health inequality.
Exploring Effects in Tippers at Island Geomagnetic Observatories Due to Realistic Depth- and Time-varying Oceanic Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Rigaud Rafael , Kruglyakov Mikhail , Kuvshinov Alexey , Pinheiro Katia J , Petereit Johannes , Matzka Juergen , Marshalko Elena
Published: October 2020

Vertical magnetic transfer functions (tippers) estimated at island observatories can constrain the one-dimensional (1-D) conductivity distribution of the oceanic lithosphere and upper mantle. This is feasible due to the bathymetry-dependent ocean induction effect (OIE), which originates from lateral conductivity contrasts between ocean and land and leads to non-zero tippers even for 1-D conductivity distributions below the ocean. Proper analysis of island tippers requires accurate three-dimensional (3-D) modeling of the OIE, for which so far was performed assuming constant sea water electric conductivity with depth. In this study we explore using rigorous 3-D electromagnetic modeling - to what extent realistic, depth-dependent, oceanic conductivity affects island tippers. The modeling is performed for eleven island observatories around the world in the period range 10-1 to 104 sec. We also investigate the effect of seasonal variations of the oceanic conductivity and to which extent this could explain the observed systematic seasonal variation of tippers. Our model studies suggest that for most of the considered island observatories the effect from depth-varying oceanic conductivity is tangible and exceeds the error floor of 0:025, which usually is assigned to tippers during their inversion. The effect varies significantly with location, depending on regional bathymetry. Contrarily, the effects from seasonally varying oceanic conductivity were found to be too small to be worth consideration.
Trends, Cycles and Seasonal Variations of Ukrainian Gross Domestic Product
Authors: Bhowmik Debesh
Published: October 2020

The article attempts to study trends, seasonal variations and cyclical fluctuations of Ukraine’s quarterly GDP at current prices. The period of the study is from the first quarter of 2010 to the first quarter of 2020. The methodological support of the study includes an approach based on the Hamilton regression filter, the Hodrick-Prescott filter and the asymmetric filter model of Cristiano and Fitzgerald. Based on the use of a Hamilton regression filter, which clearly gives one complete cycle with a peak and a depression, the study substantiates that the seasonally adjusted series of GDP has a slight difference with the remainder, but its seasonal fluctuations are homogeneous and have the shape of the letter V, which allowed us to draw the following conclusions: seasonal fluctuations in GDP are confirmed by the ACF and PACF models during the study period; the filter is very different from the Hamilton filter in terms of trend and cycle, but has common features in the context of asymmetry in time with the random walk filter of Cristiano and Fitzgerald. The paper substantiates the conclusions about stable and stationary series of GDP by volatility (leading to a decrease) of cyclical fluctuations based on the used forecast model ARIMA (4,0,4) for 2020-2030, which passed through the Hamilton regression filter. Based on the results of the study, the author provides recommendations on the need to introduce a new monetary and fiscal policy, including reform measures, which should be balanced with current trends in the functioning and development of international financial institutions and organizations. Such changes will be a motivating lever for the growth of the share of agriculture and related activities, production, transport, real estate, capital formation and other macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine’s economy, respectively, during the period of GDP decline. Keywords: Gross Domestic Product, decomposition, trends, cyclical fluctuations, seasonal variations, Hamilton Filter, Hodrick-Prescott Filter.
THERAPEUTIC TARGETING OF HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR SIGNALING PATHWAYS- A PROMISING APPROACH IN CANCER TREATMENT
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, India., Mohammad Shaik Anjum , Harisomayajula Valli ,   Department of Biotechnology, KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, India., M.L Saranya ,   Department of Biotechnology, KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, India., Greeshma Veeramachaneni Phani ,   Department of Biotechnology, KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, India., Reddy Gaddam Samhitha ,   Department of Biotechnology, KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, India., Veeravilli Suryanarayana ,   Department of Humanities and Basic Sciences, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Published: October 2020

Oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the cells with the help of the vascular networking system, which makes availability of oxygen as primary regulator for many processes. Low oxygen availability condition activates the Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIF), which are transcription regulators helping in the expression of genes related to cell cycle regulation and angiogenesis. HIF is hence regarded as the master regulator of angiogenesis. The oxygen deprival is due to the increased consumption of oxygen in the tumor microenvironment and in turn leads to hypoxia. A thorough understanding of how hypoxia influences angiogenesis mediated by several pathways has become essential for identifying novel strategies targeting HIF thereby blocking angiogenesis. In this review we would discuss about the HIF signaling pathways and altered functions of immune cells due to hypoxia by considering that reducing or targeting hypoxia may in turn prevent the suppression of anti-tumor immune response.
El voto de los militares
Authors: Ramírez Prado Fidel
Published: October 2020

No tiene
Importancia de la lógica jurídica en la formación del abogado
Authors: Ocampo Rodríguez Esteban
Published: October 2020

No tiene
Inteligencias... ¿Para qué?
Authors: Espinar La Torre Fernando
Published: October 2020

No tiene
Participación de las Fuerzas Armadas en la vigencia de la democracia
Authors: Ramírez Prado Fidel
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Hacia Derecho Constitucional Latinoamericano en clave humanista
Authors: Manili Pablo Luis
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Los criterios interpretativos del tribunal constitucional en relación con las ratificaciones judiciales
Authors: Palomino Manchego José Felix
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
El congreso y la Reforma Constitucional
Authors: Castillo Meza César A.
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
La justicia militar en el Perú
Authors: Chirre Castillo Elmer
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Hay cráneos pero no cerebros
Authors: Mejía Alarcón Roberto
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Esbozo de una de las fuentes del Derecho Espacial
Authors: Godoy-Vargas Aparicio
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
LA JURISPRUDENCIA Y EL SURGIMIENTO DE UNA TRADICIÓN JURÍDICA PERUANA
Authors: Asencios Torres Pascual
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
LA NOCIÓN DE LA PERSONA JURÍDICA Y SU EVOLUCIÓN
Authors: Meneses Caro Darío
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
LUCES Y SOMBRAS DE I AS IDEOLOGÍAS MAYORITARIAS
Authors: Amaya Jorge Alejandro
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
UNA INTRODUCCIÓN AL DERECHO ELECTORAL
Authors: Romero Zavala Luis
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
E-CÓMMERCE 8C E-BUSINESS
Authors: Ramírez Chávarry Willy
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
EL QUIJOTE Y LA POLÍTICA
Authors: De Romaña Velarde Hugo
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
La Efectividad de la Tutela Jurisdiccional y la Ejecución de las Decisiones Judiciales
Authors: Luperdi Gamboa César Ernesto
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Razones para introducir el concepto de valor empresa en la Ley General de Sociedades
Authors: Hundskopf Exebio Oswaldo
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
La Liberad de Expresión en un Horizonte Multicultural
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez José Julio
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
El Derecho de Autodeterminación: un peligro para la paz en Europa
Authors: Tajadura Tejada Javier
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
El control difuso y la Jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional
Authors: Chávez Rabanal Mario
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
La simplificación del procedimiento penal y el principio de oportunidad de la acción penal
Authors: Zarzosa Campos Carlos Enrique
Published: October 2020

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La sentencia
Authors: Ulloa Reyna Marco Antonio
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
La ejecución de sentencias supranacionales por parte del Estado peruano a la luz de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Ugarte Boluarte Krúpskaya
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
El agotamiento de la jurisdicción interna y el acceso a la jurisdicción supranacional-
Authors: Vidal Ramírez Fernando
Published: October 2020

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Estudio de la sentencia Awas Tigni: su repercusión en América Latina
Authors: Del Castillo Soria Luis Alberto
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Crimen y Castigo: una mirada al aspecto criminalístico
Authors: De Romaña Velarde Hugo
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Ideología y teoría: deslinde científico, filosófico y pragmatico
Authors: Zevallos Vera Manuel
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Reimaginar una comunidad sobre las bases de la vulnerabilidad. Reflexiones desde Judith Butler
Authors: Ruiz Adriana María , Gómez Guzmán María Soledad
Published: October 2020

Reimaginar una comunidad sobre la base de la vulnerabilidad implica reconocer nuestra responsabilidad para con aquéllos que prosperan y aquéllos que no logran persistir porque son abandonados o eliminados. El reconocimiento de nuestra vulnerabilidad nos permite encontrar otras formas comunitarias que, a partir de los vínculos humanos de protección, escapen a la abstracción sobre el valor de la vida, ateniéndose, en cambio, a las condiciones sociopolíticas sostenedoras de ésta, especialmente cuando éstas fallan. Esta tarea no resulta sencilla en contextos marcados por la violencia. Este trabajo plantea tres asuntos fundamentales: el reconocimiento de la vulnerabilidad, la violencia como ruptura de la interdependencia y nuestra responsabilidad frente a los demás. Examinar nuestra vulnerabilidad puede convertirse en la base de otra comunidad.
Cognitive Bubbles: Towards a Logic of Fundamentalism
Authors: Bula Germán Ulises , Garavito María Clara , Gonzalez Sebastián
Published: October 2020

This paper examines fundamentalist cognition from a formal perspective with the aim of showing that such a perspective has explanatory power. Formal traits in fundamentalist thought are shown to turn up consistently in different fundamentalist groups and regarding different issues, and to be related to fundamentalist groups’ dynamics, theology, and political organization. Analysis of fundamentalist cognition also suggests that the epistemological stance of strong relativism in the public sphere may be conducive to fundamentalism.
FAST DETERMINATION OF THE SULFUR SPECIES IN SOLID PHASE SYSTEMS BY A TPO-IR METHOD
Authors: Tang Shiyun , Yang Song , Tan Sheng , Guo Junjiang , Tang Anjiang
Published: October 2020

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of total sulfur and sulfur species in solid phase is necessarily important for development of effective desulfurization methods, reduction of environmental pollution, and prevention of catalyst poisoned. In this work, TPO-IR (Temperature Programmed Oxidation- Infrared) method was used for rapid determination of sulfur species in solid minerals. The high purity of Ag2S was used as the calibration materials at the fixed temperature of 1100 °C, and the TPO experimental runs were performed on the solid minerals of phosphorite and coal. The results show that pyrite sulfur with Tmax of 426 °C, and two thiophene sulfurs with Tmax of 450 °C and 481 °C were found in Kaiyang phosphorite by fitting the TPO-IR curves; while pyrite sulfur with Tmax of 432 °C, complex sulfide with Tmax of 679 °C and sulfate sulfur with Tmax of 939 °C were found in Weng’an phosphorite. For Gas coal, the TPO-IR curves of sulfur release can be deconvoluted into seven individual curves, while that of Anthracite deconvoluted into four individual curves. In conclusion, the TPO-IR method has many advantages for determination of sulfur species in solid phase systems, such as less sample consumption, simple pretreatment, convenient operation and low cost, etc.
EFEITO DO TEOR DE GLICEROL NO TRANSPORTE DE VAPOR D’ÁGUA ATRAVÉS DE FILMES DE TRIACETATO DE CELULOSE PRODUZIDOS A PARTIR DO APROVEITAMENTO DA PALHA DE MILHO (ZEA MAYS L.)
Authors: Ribeiro Erlon , Rodrigues Guimes , Assunção Rosana , Ferreira Marcos , Royer Betina , Reis Felipe , Cerqueira Daniel , Muñoz Rodrigo
Published: October 2020

EFFECT OF GLYCEROL CONTENT ON WATER VAPOR TRANSPORT THROUGH CELLULOSE TRIACETATE FILMS PRODUCED FROM THE USE OF CORN (Zea mays L.) STRAW. Glycerol is a plasticizer widely used due to its good plasticization efficiency, great availability, biocompatibility and low exudation. It is a renewable raw material that, when introduced in biodegradable films, promotes significant changes in its properties and, thus, guarantees a wide spectrum of application. In this work, corn straw was used to produce cellulose triacetate films from mixtures with glycerol (10%, 20% and 30%). The films were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Water Vapor Transport Rate and Water Vapor Permeation. The cellulose triacetate films produced with 20% glycerol have high barrier properties, when compared to films with concentrations 0, 10 and 30%.
Social Net Users’ Behavior as a Forming Factor of Social Representations about Spouse
Authors: Shmidt D. A.
Published: October 2020

The present research traced the connection between the behavior of social net users and 1) the content they view devoted to romantic relationships and 2) their social representations about their prospective spouse. The survey involved 525 respondents and an authentic questionnaire of three blocks. The first block of questions was based on a content analysis of young people's essays and social net entries. It featured social representations about romantic relationships and marriage. The second block was connected with socio-demographic characteristics. The third block analyzed the use of social networks and other communication channels. The study revealed a link between one’s behavior in social networks and social representations about a romantic partner, married life, and family relations. Users that frequently viewed social media posts about relationships between men and women were not marriage-oriented and did not seek long-term romantic relationships. They viewed romantic relationships as an exciting adventure and they entertained a possibility of having different partners at different life stages. Such elements in social representations may lead to a more tolerant attitude to such phenomena as unregistered marriage, divorce, and serial monogamy.
The role of the religious factor in the formation of conflict zones in Africa
Authors:   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zakharov Ivan A. ,   Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gorokhov Stanislav A. ,   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dmitriev Ruslan V. ,   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2020

The article attempts to identify the impact of religious competition on the spatial development of conflict zones in Africa. On the basis of ACLED (Armed Conflict Location and Event Data) for 1997–2017 three conflict zoned are identified: the Sudan-Sahel Corridor, the periphery of Catholic “Domain” in the central part of the Continent and the countries of the Lake Chad basin. The results made it possible to clarify some findings and conclusions about the conflict potential of the macroregion obtained in civilizational studies. It is confirmed that the most conflicts in Africa are located in the Sudan-Sahel Corridor (territory roughly corresponds to the boarder of Islamic and African Civilizations), primarily to the countries a fairly equal number of adherents of Christianity and Islam adherents. Correlation analysis confirmed that such a confessional structure of the population is conflict prone, it contributes to increased ferocity of conflicts. However, religion-based violence does not exclusively appears in the zones of Islam and Christianity competition, there are other conflict zones where the emergence on conflicts is due to growing competition between branches of the same religion. On the periphery of the Catholic “Domain” conflicts are currently ethno-political in nature, but their occurrence is ascribed largely to the competition between Catholic and Protestant missionary societies. The countries of the Lake Chad basin are characterized by competition between Sunnism and Shiism. At the same time, this conflict zone is one of the largest “producers” of radical Islamist groups; the organization level of the latter is often higher than that of opposing state and international bodies. There is a close spatial connection between conflict zones. In this regard, countries belonging to several conflict zones are at higher risk of emergence of complex conflicts. The findings indicate a strong influence of the religious factor on the conflict potential of the African continent. The analysis of historical materials showed that the occurrence of conflicts in the identified conflict zones is determined primarily by the evolution logic of the confessional space of African countries and can be explained from the standpoint of the concept of confessional geospace competitive development.
Isotope-geochemical (Sm–Nd, Rb–Sr, REE, HFSE) composition of the University foidolite-gabbro pluton, Kuznetsk Alatau ridge, Siberia
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Mustafaev Agababa A. , Gertner Igor F. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: October 2020

The University foidolite-gabbro pluton is located among the Cambrian carbonate-volcanogenic deposits. Its composition is dominated by moderately-alkaline and alkaline mafic rocks, broken by dikes of ijolite-urtites, nepheline and alkaline syenites. The chemical composition of igneous rocks is characterized by low silica contents (SiO2 = 41–49 wt. %), wide variations of alkalinity (Na2O + K2O = 3–19 wt. %; Na2O / K2O = 1.2–7.2 wt. %), low titanium content (TiO2 = 0.07 1.59 wt. %) and high alumina content (Al2O3 = 15–28 wt. %), which corresponds to the K-Na derivatives of the basic alkaline formation. By the content of rare earth elements, alkaline rocks (104–246 ppm; La/Yb(n) = 5.79–12.73) are more differentiated derivatives than gabbro (94–111 ppm; La/Yb(n) = 6.87‑6.95). All varieties are characterized by low concentrations of most highly charged elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf + Y), which in terms of accumulation are located between the basalts of oceanic islands and basalts of island arcs. The presence of negative Nb–Ta anomaly and the relative enrichment of Rb, Ba, Sr, and U indicate the probable interaction of plume material with previously formed accretionary complexes of subduction zones. The primary isotope 87Sr/86Sr ratio (~ 0.705 – 0.706) and a wide range of εNd (T) from +3.2 to +8.7 in the rocks also indicate a mantle-crustal nature and a complex geodynamic setting of the Paleozoic alkaline magmatism of the Kuznetsk Alatau. The obtained results of Sm‑Nd dating suggest the formation of moderately-alkaline gabbroids in the Early Paleozoic (494–491 ± 36 Ma), with the intrusion of dikes of alkaline rocks of the Middle Paleozoic age (394 ± 16 and 389 ± 37 Ma).
Age of rocks of the Shurmak Formation according to U-Pb dating of zircon by LA-ICP-MS method (south-eastern Tuva)
Authors:   V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Ivanov Alexandr V. , Letnikova Elena F. ,   V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Schkolnik Svetlana I. ,   V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS,   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, Prochenkin Artem I. ,   V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Brodnikova Elizaveta A. ,   V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS
Published: October 2020

At the south-eastern part of Tuva, early Proterozoic volcanogenic-sedimentary deposits have been studied including conglomerates from Shurmak formation. As the result of U-Pb zircon dating from tuff with andesitic composition, conglomerate matrix and volcanicomictic sandstones from this formation, it has been established that it was accumulated at around 500 Ma. The dating results for zircons from tuff are a geochronological date and indicate the time of manifestation of andesitic volcanism synchronous with accumulation of Shurmak Formation deposits. Given the close age of zircons of the main populations in both tuff and clastic rocks, one can assume that the formation of the latter is related directly to the manifestations of volcanism on this territory at this time. The presence in the tuff of xenogenic zircons and in volcanicomictic sandstones and matrix of Shurmak Formation of detrital zircons with Neoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic age, as well as Sm-Nd isotopic data indicate that these volcanic and sedimentary processes in the early Cambrian time took place within the range if Precambrian block of earth’s crust. The main supplier of clastic material during the formation of the Early Cambrian Shurmak Formation were volcanic events synchronous with sedimentation. Other sources of clastic material entering the sedimentation basin were Neoproterozoic granitoids and, less commonly, Paleoproterozoic and Neoarchean rocks. Combination with the underlying rocks of the Mugur Formation of the Erza metamorphic complex occurred as a result of tectonic processes in the post-Cambrian time, since the sedimentation of the Shurmak Formation deposits and the processes of granulite metamorphism in the rocks of the metamorphic complex occurred almost simultaneously.
Lithology of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deposits of the eastern part of the Myrgovaam and Rauchua depressions, Western Chukotka
Authors:   Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vatrushkina Elena V. , Tuchkova Marianna I. ,   Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2020

Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deposits were formed on the South-Western margin of the Chukotka terrane in active tectonic environment. Their stratigraphic units characterized by sedimentary structures and lithology similarities, facies variation and scarcity of reliable fauna findings. Detailed lithological studies are necessary due to the absence of a unified approach to the stratigraphic division of deposits. The paper presents petrographic, geochemical, and isotope-geochemical characteristics of Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous rocks. The stages of changing the sedimentation conditions and sources, which determined the differences in sedimentological features and the composition of the studied strata, are reconstructed. The Oxford-Kimmeridgian section is composed of sandy debris flow deposits with an arcosic composition of psammitic differences. Among their sources, ancient granitoids dominated, while siliciclastic rocks, volcanites and metamorphic complexes were secondary. Volgian-valanginian interval is characterized by the accumulation of sediments in various parts of the submarine fan. In Volgian sequences fine -, medium - and coarse-grained turbidites with lenses of small-pebble conglomerates are identified. A large number of simultaneous pyroclastic material in the Volgian deposits indicates the synchronous volcanic activity. In the Volgian period, the province was dominated by volcanites, mainly of the basaltic and andesitic composition, siliciclastic rocks were present in smaller amount. The Berriasin section is composed of fine-grained turbidites with single horizons of medium-grained turbidites and gravelitic lenses, as well as slope deposits in the form of rhythmically interbedded sandstones and mudstones with slump structures. Sandstones have greywacke composition and contain an admixture of ash material in the matrix. The main sources for Berriasian deposits were siliciclastic rocks and felsic volcanic complexes. The Valanginian section is represented by fine and medium-grained turbidites with horizons of amalgamated sandstones. Sandstones are classified as arkoses by the ratio of rock-forming components. The dominant source in the Valanginian time was ancient granitoids, while siliciclastic rocks and volcanites were secondary.
Tectonic structure and development of the “depression/ uplift” transition zones, Northern Tien Shan
Authors:   Geological institute RAS, Przhiyalgovskii Eugeny S. , Morozov Yuriy A. ,   Shmidt Institute of Earth Crust RAS, Leonov Mikhail G. ,   Geological institute RAS, Rybin Anatoliy K. ,   Research Station RAS, Lavrushina Ekaterina V. ,   Geological institute RAS
Published: October 2020

The article presents data on the structure of transition zones from areas of relative downwarping (intramountain depressions) to anticlinor uplifts dividing them. The geological and geophysical data obtained by the authors in recent years in different areas of the Northern Tien Shan are considering and discussing to compare the structure and tectonic evolution of key objects. A comparative analysis of the depression / uplift tectonic zones in different regions indicates a fundamental similarity in their structure. These areas of gradient vertical movements are zones of concentrated deformation. We described ensembles of structures formed at the same time in the sedimentary cover and in the basement rocks. Similar structural features are due to the common tectonic evolution of basins and ridges as parts of a unified activation structure of the Paleozoic folded belt. Over a long period of time, from the Oligocene to the Pliocene inclusive, the depressions of the Northern Tien Shan had developed under conditions of sedimentary subsidence, probably by the type of pool-apart structures in a latitudinally oriented region of plastic shear deformation. The relatively quiet tectonic setting of this stage is reflected in the lithological features of the sedimentary complexes. The next stage, which began about 3 Ma b.p., was marked not only by the emergence of a high-altitude relief and the accumulation of molasses, but also by a change of tectonic regime to transpression. The generally flexible bending of the foundation surface in the steep sides of the depressions, to some extent complicated by uplifts, was accompanied by the formation of extensive detachments and thrust-folded structural ensembles in the sedimentary cover of the depressions. Contrary to popular point of view volumes of disintegrated basement rocks demonstrate significant plasticity. The lateral pressure of the side ledges inside the sedimentary cover was transmitted for many kilometers towards the depression’s center. At the same time, contrary to traditional ideas, the volumes of disintegrated rocks of the basement demonstrate significant plasticity, while the lateral pressure of the side ledges was transmitted for many kilometers into the depressions inside the sedimentary cover.
Biology and panpsychism: German evolutionists and a philosopher Theodor Ziehen (1862–1950)
Authors:   Friedrich-Schiller University, Levit Georgy S. , Hossfeld Uwe ,   Friedrich-Schiller University
Published: October 2020

Theodor Ziehen was a prominent German psychiatrist and psychologist and a marginal philosopher of the first half of the 20th century who developed an exotic subjective-idealistic theory based on quasi-empirical psychological arguments. Although Ziehen was seen by contemporaries (most prominently by Vladimir Lenin) as a representative of the same philosophical current (empirio-criticism) as Mach and Avenarius, he never achieved their prominence in the history of philosophy. At the same time, Ziehen’s philosophy became influential in German biology, first of all, due to his direct and very strong impact on Bernhard Rensch. Rensch, in his turn, was the most significant figure on the international scene of what is known as the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis in biology. Rensch was not the only biologist influenced by Ziehen’s ideas. Ziehen had some communication with the “German Darwin” Ernst Haeckel and played a prominent role in the concept of the founder of biological systematics Willi Hennig. How to explain Ziehen’s prominent place in the history of evolutionary biology, despite his obscurity in the history of philosophy? Our hypothesis is that Ziehen became a visible figure in evolutionary theory because of the monistic bias in German biology. Ziehen’s epistemology appeared to be compatible with evolutionary monism and was developed by a practicing psychiatrist therefore obtaining a character of a quasi-experimental doctrine.
Secret services of the USSR in Spain and their role in the military and political conflict of 1936–1939
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ratz Sergey V.
Published: October 2020

The article is dedicated to the activities of the Soviet intelligence agencies in Spain during the Civil War of 1936–1939. By June 1936, diplomatic relations between USSR and Spain were absent. Due to the putschist revolt and the appeal of the legitimate government of Spain to the USSR, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) made a decision to establish diplomatic, military, and trade delegations in Spain. The intelligence agencies of the USSR planned operation ‘X’ for military assistance to Spain. As part of this operation, a Soviet advisory staff concerning military and foreign intelligence was formed. The author brings to light the goals of the secret service authorities of the Soviet Union, including such particular ones as the removal of Spain’s gold reserve and the creation of the 14th Partisan Corps. The article analyses the activities of the advisory staff, their role in the development of the largest military operations during the Spanish Civil War, and traces the fate of the conflict’s most active participants. Based on the analysis of new data introduced into the historical discourse in recent years, the author concludes that the secret services of the USSR played a large role in this conflict. The Soviet advisors and specialists obtained unique experiences, including conducting large-scale operations; military equipment was tested in actual battle activities; intelligence specialists enlisted information sources with great potential. Many military specialists tried and trained in Spain in 1936–1939 later played an invaluable role in the victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War.
Success factors of network protest movement (analysis of the conflict over St. Isaacs cathedral in 2017–2018)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Golovin Nikolay A. , Sibirev Vladimir A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2020

In the article, the peculiarities of the communication activity of Russian social movements in organizing online and offline actions are explored on the example of the conflict between the authorities and the public concerning the official decision on the transfer of St. Isaac’s Cathedral in St. Petersburg (in the building of which the museum works) to the Russian Orthodox Church. As a theoretical and methodological basis of the study, a modernized theory of social movements is used, taking into account their features associated with their use of new communicative capabilities of social networks. Methods of dynamic network analysis were used for analyzing the collected empirical data on the content of the political communication of the network groups. The structural characteristics of the online communication of the two protest network groups “Let’s protect…” and “Let’s save…” the cathedral museum as well as communication links between them are revealed. The differences in their chosen strategies of fighting against the government’s decision are illustrated. The stages of their development are emphasized: mobilization of the movement’s participants by cultural figures and politicians dissatisfied with the decision (January 2017); organizational institutionalization during meetings and rallies (February — May 2017); attainment of the goal (June 2017) with the subsequent termination of the decision (success of the movement). The dynamics of the volume and structure of communication during the entire period of the conflict are analyzed at each stage. A conclusion is made about the real political power of the e-movement during the conflict. It is proved that the use of social networks does not automatically result in the success of the network protest movement, much depends on the chosen strategy. Network protest mobilization alone does not ensure the success of the movement in Russia.
A comparison of the missionary method and cultural integration of Jesuits: A study in China and Vietnam during the 16th and 17th centuries
Authors:   The University of Danang, Unversity of Science and Education, Truong Anh Thuan , Nguyen Van Sang ,   The University of Danang, Unversity of Science and Education
Published: October 2020

From the end of the 16 th century to the beginning of the 17 th century, under the direction of the archdiocese in Macao (China), Jesuit missionaries set foot in China and Vietnam in turn to preach the Gospel and convert believers in these two countries. The main reason for the success of the Jesuits was the use of appropriate missionary methods and advocating proper cultural integration in each country. However, due to the different paradigm of historical development in China and Vietnam, and especially due to disagreement about the perception and behavior of indigenous culture among the Jesuits themselves, the process of evangelization in the two countries occurred differently. Based on historical and logical methods, especially the comparative method, this study analyzes and compares the similarities and differences in missionary methods and the advocacy of cultural integration in the two countries mentioned above. Primary sources were the foundation of the work, such as archival records and recently published research results of Chinese and Vietnamese scholars as well as other researchers. The results of this work contribute to assessing the similarities and differences in the process of applying missionary methods and cultural integration. The work further contributes to the study of Christian history in China and Vietnam in the16 th and 17 th centuries.
Possible influence of climate change on water balance over West Africa under the global warming levels of 2 and 3 °C
Authors: Adeniyi Mojisola Oluwayemisi
Published: October 2020

Reliable projection of water balance components for the future over a climate change vulnerable region such as West Africa is exigent for proper adaptation strategies. This paper analyses the expected water balance in the 21st century over West Africa at 2 and 3 °C global warming level (GWL) based on Rossby Centre Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RCA4) downscaled projections. Precipitation is expected to increase at the south-western (−5 to 10°N, 15 to 25°W) ocean area of West Africa domain with SW–NE orientation, towards the Sahel, while other areas would be drier, at 2 °C GWL. This would intensify under 3 °C GWL. Responses of evapotranspiration and storage change are similar to that of precipitation except for more spatial spread of increased evapotranspiration on the ocean. Runoff would increase over the ocean, Sahara and part of Sahel and reduce in Savannah and Guinea Coast under 2 °C GWL, but reduce under a warmer world with isolated increase.
Barselona Sözleşmesi Kapsamında Akdeniz ve Kıyılarının Korunmasında Çevresel İşbirliğinin Önemi
Authors: Kanlı İmam Bakır , Falcıoğlu Nahide Nur
Published: October 2020

Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika kıtalarının kesişim bölgesinde yer alan stratejik önemi haiz olan Akdeniz Havzası, gerek ulaşım modlarının odak merkezinde yer alması sebebiyle ticaret bağlamında, gerek deniz altı enerji potansiyeli ve gerekse insanoğlunun bu havza üzerinde gerçekleştirdiği kirletici faaliyetler nedeniyle küresel gündemdeki yerini hep korumuştur. Havzanın bu çekici yapısı sadece ticaretin gelişmesinde değil aynı zamanda sanayinin de bölgede yoğunlaşmasında önemli rol oynamıştır. Bu yoğunlaşmaların olumsuz sonuçlarından birisi, öncelikle yerel ölçekte kıyıların kirlenmesi, sonrasında ise Akdeniz Havzasını bütünüyle etkileyebilecek bir çevre kirliliği ile karşı karşıya kalması olmuştur. Plansız kentleşme ve sanayileşmeye koşut olarak, deniz taşımacılığı esnasında yaşanan kazaların neden olduğu atıklar ile petrol ve türevlerinin ekosisteme zarar vermesi de havzanın karşı karşıya kaldığı sorunların artmasına, çözüm süreçlerinin zorlaşmasına neden olmaktadır. Böylesine zengin bir sosyo-ekonomik ekosistemi barındıran alanın pek çok ülkeye ev sahipliği yaptığı düşünüldüğünde, çözümlerin de ancak çoklu işbirliği unsurları ile çözülebileceği kaçınılmaz olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda 1976’da imzalanan Barselona Sözleşmesi kirliliğin önlenmesi konusundaki deniz ticaretine ilişkin hususları ele alması açısından son derece önemli adım olmuştur. İşte bu çalışmanın konusu Akdeniz Havzasında yer alan ülkelerin bölge ölçeğinde oluşturacakları inisiyatif ve çalışmaları Barselona Sözleşmesi çerçevesinde ele almasıdır. İklim değişikliğine uyumlu ve yerleşimleri güvenli olan ülkelerin nasıl bir politika inşa etmesi gerektiğine ilişkin öneri sunması, Akdeniz ve kıyılarının korunması konusunda gelecek çalışmalara yön vermesi ve literatürde tamamlayıcı unsur olması çalışmayı önemli kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı Barselona Sözleşmesi kapsamı içerisinde Akdeniz’in korunmasına yönelik politikaların etkinliğinin analiz edilmesidir. Çalışmada akitin uygulama alanları Akdeniz’de Özel Koruma Alanları ve Biyolojik Çeşitliliğe İlişkin Protokolü çerçevesinde İspanya ve Türkiye ülkeleri özelinde sınırlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi benimsenmiş; literatür taraması yapılarak, uluslararası kurum ve kuruluşlarının yayımladığı teknik raporlardan faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada, elde edilen bulgular üzerinden yapılan değerlendirme ve analiz sonucunda Türkiye’nin Akdeniz Havzasındaki bölgesel çalışmalarda avantajlar sunduğu anlaşılmıştır. Barselona Sözleşmesi'nin hedefleri doğrultusunda güç sağlamasında Türkiye'nin büyük ölçüde yardımlar sağladığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Analysis of the Potential Association of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes CYP2C9*3 and CYP2C19*3 Gene Variations With Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Elfaki Imadeldin , Mir Rashid , Abu-Duhier Faisel Mohammed , Jha Chandan Kumar , Ahmad Al-Alawy Adel Ibrahim , Babakr Abdullatif Taha , Habib Salem Abd El-Hadi
Published: October 2020

Background::

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are drug-metabolizing enzymes catalyzing the metabolism
of about 75% of drug in clinical use. CYP2C9 represents 20% CYP proteins in liver cells and is a crucial
member of CYPs superfamily. CYP2C19 metabolizes very important drugs such as antiulcer drug omeprazole,
the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel and anticonvulsant mephenytoin. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of
CYP genes have been associated with unexpected drug reactions and diseases in different populations.

Objective::

We examined the associations of CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910) and CYP2C19*3 (rs4986893) with T2D
in Saudi population.

Methods::

We used the allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and DNA sequencing in 111 cases and 104 controls for
rs1057910, and in 119 cases and 110 controls for rs4986893.

Results::

It is indicated that the genotype distribution of rs1057910 in cases and controls were not significantly
different (P=0.0001). The genotypes of rs1057910 were not associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (P>0.05).
Whereas the genotype distribution of rs4986893 in cases and controls was significantly different (P=0.049).
The AA genotype of rs4986893 may be associated in increased risk to T2D with OR=17.25 (2.06-143.8),
RR=6.14(0.96-39.20), P=0.008.

Conclusion::

The CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910) may not be associated with T2D, while CYP2C19*3 (rs4986893) is
probably associated with T2D. These findings need to be validated in follow-up studies with larger sample
sizes and different populations.
Overview of Protein Kinase B Enzyme: A Potential Target for Breast and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Basnet Rajesh , Basnet Buddha B.
Published: October 2020

Protein kinase B (AKT) PI3K / AKT / mTOR signaling pathways play a crucial role in
modulating cell survival, proliferation, metastasis, metabolism, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. The
AKT family consists of three isoforms: AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3. Moreover, it has high sequence
homology in the kinase domain and has similar substrate specificity to other members of AGC protein
kinase. Recent studies have shown that AKT signals disappear in some tumors. Overexpression
and activation of AKT are not sufficient to induce the phenotype of malignant tumors. However,
many studies have shown the importance of AKT in carcinogenesis including, breast and prostate
cancers, second and third global cancer burden, respectively, in terms of incidence and death.
Inhibition of AKT signaling may be beneficial in terms of therapeutic use and understanding of the
function of AKT. To date, limited numbers of AKT inhibitors have been identified, and none are
strongly selective for AKT isoforms. In this regard, we discussed the current insight of AKT inhibitors
in drug development, protein structure, and mechanism as well as the role of AKT in the development
of drug targets for breast cancer and prostate cancer.
Role of Nanostructured Biomaterials in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Biological Disorder
Authors: Jha Sheetal , Malviya Rishabha
Published: October 2020

Background::

In the last few decades, nanostructures like nanoparticles, dendrimers,
quantum dots, nanotubes, etc., gain significant attention in the field of biomedicine. Recently, various
modification techniques were employed for the generation of newly modified nanostructured
biomaterials. Nowadays, these biomaterials are exploited for the treatment and diagnosis of various
biological disorders.

Objective::

The present manuscript aims to describe the various types of nanostructures along with
the techniques of modification and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of biological disorders.

Result and conclusion::

Various modification techniques involved in different reaction methodologies
are described in the present manuscript. From the study, it is investigated that the modified
nanostructured can be utilized in the diagnosis and treatment of biological disorders. Modification
of nanostructured materials introduces superior properties and enables them as the detection tool
and treatment kit for biological disorders.
THE IMPACT OF PBWORKS APPLICATION ON VOCATIONAL STUDENTS’ COLLABORATIVE WRITING SKILL
Authors: Yundayani Audi , Kardijan Dian , Apriliani Rainy Dwi
Published: October 2020

Writing skill is a productive language skills that should be mastered by vocational students. It has become a critical issue in the study of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and a challenging one in Indonesian context in the context of English as Foreign Language learning. This paper aims to investigate the impact of PBworks media application on vocational students’ collaborative writing skill. The research used the experimental approach. The respondents included 60 vocational students selected randomly and divided into two groups with 30 students in the control group and 30 students in the experimental group. The PBworks media was applied in the experimental group, while the control group received face-to-face writing class without incorporating learning media. The data were obtained by comparing student scores in the pre-test and two post-tests. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to obtain the result. It showed that there is a statistically significant difference between using PBworks and non-Pbworks media in regard to the students’ writing performance (p < .05). Moreover, vocational students believe in the benefit of the PBworks media application in developing collaborative writing skill despite the disadvantages.