bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of ternary PEG200-based DESs lubrication systems via tailoring tribo-chemistry
Authors: Li Yuting , Lan Songyu , Liu Yazhou , Cao Cheng , Tang Zicheng , Deng Deyin , Liu Fuyuan , Li Hao , Fan Xiaoqiang , Zhu Minhao
Published: September 2023

Designing novel lubricants with easily customized structures, devisable compositions, and simple and economic synthesis over traditional lubricants is critical to fulfilling complex applications, prolonging machine lifetime, and saving energy. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which show tunable composition, adjustable structure, easy fabrication, and environmental friendliness, are promising candidates for variable and complicated lubricants applications. To promote the use of DESs as lubricants, a series of PEG200-based DESs with active heteroatoms were fabricated to tailor the tribological performance via tribo-chemistry. Thereinto, PEG200/boric acid (BA) DES shows optimal lubrication performance by forming tribo-chemical reaction film composited of B2O3, iron oxides, and FeOOH, and PEG200/thiourea (TU) DES displays abrasive wear-reducing property by producing FeS tribo-chemical film. Given the excellent abrasive wear-resistance of PEG200/TU DES and friction reduction of PEG200/BA DES, ternary PEG200/BA/TU DESs, composited of PEG200/TU DES and PEG200/BA DES, are first exploited. The ternary DESs possess superior wettability and thermal stability, which render them potential lubricants. Tribological tests of the ternary DESs demonstrate that synergistic lubrication is achieved by forming a transfer film consisting of FexBy, BN, B2O3, and FeS. Wherein FexBy, BN, and B2O3 increase load bearing of the film, and FeS mitigates severe abrasive wear. The proposed design philosophy of novel DESs as lubricants opens up a unique realm that is unattainable by traditional DESs lubrication mechanisms and provides a platform to design next-generation DESs lubrication systems.
Modulatory role of vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E on skin health, immunity, microbiome, and diseases
Authors: Joshi Mahika , Hiremath Priyanka , John Jeena , Ranadive Niraja , Nandakumar Krishnadas , Mudgal Jayesh
Published: September 2023

Disruption of the skin barrier and immunity has been associated with several skin diseases, namely atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, and acne. Resident and non-resident immune cells and the barrier system of the skin are integral to innate immunity. Recent advances in understanding skin microbiota have opened the scope of further understanding the various communications between these microbiota and skin immune cells. Vitamins, being one of the important micronutrients, have been reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effects. The immunomodulatory action of vitamins can halt the progression of skin diseases, and thus, understanding the immuno-pharmacology of these vitamins, especially for skin diseases can pave the way for their therapeutic potential. At the same time, molecular and cellular markers modulated with these vitamins and their derivatives need to be explored. The present review is focused on significant vitamins (vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E) consumed as nutritional supplements to discuss the outcomes and scope of studies related to skin immunity, health, and diseases.

Graphical abstract
Quantified mass loss of the Laohugou ice core and its precipitation signal during 1961–2005 at high elevation in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Du Wentao , Kang Shichang , Chen Jizu , Sun Weijun , Qin Xiang , Ji Zhenming , Sun Wenxuan , Qiu Yanan
Published: September 2023

Ice records provide a qualitative rather than a quantitative indication of the trend of climate change. Using the bulk aerodynamic method and degree day model, this study quantified ice mass loss attributable to sublimation/evaporation (S/E) and meltwater on the basis of integrated observations (1960–2006) of glacier-related and atmospheric variables in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. During 1961–2005, the average annual mass loss in the ice core was 95.33 ± 20.56 mm w.e. (minimum: 78.97 mm w.e. in 1967, maximum: 146.67 mm w.e. in 2001), while the average ratio of the revised annual ice accumulation was 21.2 ± 7.7% (minimum: 11.0% in 1992, maximum 44.8% in 2000). A quantitative formula expressing the relationship between S/E and air temperature at the monthly scale was established, which could be extended to estimation of S/E changes of other glaciers in other regions. The elevation effect on alpine precipitation determined using revised ice accumulation and instrumental data was found remarkable. This work established a method for quantitative assessment of the temporal variation in ice core mass loss, and advanced the reconstruction of long-term precipitation at high elevations. Importantly, the formula established for reconstruction of S/E from temperature time series data could be used in other regions.
Detection and characterization of discontinuous motion on Thompson Glacier, Canadian High Arctic, using synthetic aperture radar speckle tracking and ice-flow modeling
Authors: Corti Giovanni , Rabus Bernhard , Flowers Gwenn E.
Published: September 2023

We investigate unusual discontinuous glacier motion on Thompson Glacier, Umingmat Nunaat, Arctic Canada, using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and ice-flow modeling. A novel intensity-rescaling scheme is developed to reduce errors in high-resolution speckle tracking, resulting in a ~25% improvement in accuracy. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) and speckle tracking using high resolution RADARSAT-2 data indicate velocity discontinuities of up to 1 cm d−1 across deep and longitudinally extensive supraglacial channels on Thompson Glacier. We use a cross-sectional finite-element ice-flow model to determine the conditions under which velocity discontinuities of the observed magnitude and signature are possible. The modeling suggests that discontinuous motion across (long and straight) supraglacial channels can occur without ice fracture and under a wide variety of glacier thermal structures, including in fully temperate glaciers. Despite the wide range of conditions conducive to discontinuous motion, the form we observe requires that the associated channels be deep, longitudinally extensive and located in regions of lateral shearing. We speculate that these combined conditions are rare except on polythermal glaciers, where drainage features such as moulins are comparatively scarce and lower deformation rates allow channels to incise consistently and persist over many years.
Adminigration: City-Level Governance of Immigrant Community Members
Authors: Coutin Susan Bibler , Nicholls Walter J.
Published: September 2023

The concept of adminigration provides a much-needed lens in theorizing immigration enforcement, citizenship, and urban geographies. We define adminigration as the governance of immigrant community members through city-level policies and programs, whether or not these explicitly focus on immigrants. Our focus on adminigration involves three theoretical interventions: (1) bridging literature on immigrant bureaucratic incorporation and crimmigration to situate city-level administrative practices within immigration policymaking; (2) a focus on how localized definitions of membership, as enacted by cities, produce citizenship, legality, and illegality, and (3) the argument that these practices play out in space, resulting in variegated urban landscapes that are better characterized as a network than a level. We develop these points through a review of the literature on bureaucratic incorporation, crimmigration, citizenship, and the spatialization of immigration policymaking. To illustrate the utility of this framework, we conclude with a case study of adminigration in a California city that we call “Mayville.”
Representation and Forest Conservation: Evidence from India’s Scheduled Areas
Authors: GULZAR SAAD , LAL APOORVA , PASQUALE BENJAMIN
Published: September 2023

How does political representation affect conservation? We argue that the mixed evidence in the literature may be driven by institutional arrangements that provide authority to marginalized communities, but do not make adequate arrangements to truly boost their voice in resource management. We study a 1996 law that created local government councils with mandated representation for India’s Scheduled Tribes (ST), a community of one hundred million. Using difference-in-differences designs, we find that the dramatic increase in ST representation led to a substantial increase in tree cover and a reduction in deforestation. We present suggestive evidence that representation enabled marginalized communities to better pursue their interests, which, unlike commercial operations such as mining, are compatible with forest conservation. While conservation policy tends to stress environmentally focused institutions, we suggest more attention be given to umbrella institutions, such as political representation, which can address conservation and development for marginalized communities in tandem.
High consumption of dairy products and risk of major adverse coronary events and stroke in a Swedish population
Authors: Dukuzimana Justine , Janzi Suzanne , Habberstad Caroline , Zhang Shunming , Borné Yan , Sonestedt Emily
Published: September 2023

The association between the consumption of dairy products and risk of CVD has been inconsistent. There is a lack of studies in populations with high intakes of dairy products. We aimed to examine the association between intake of dairy products and risk of incident major adverse coronary events and stroke in the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort study. We included 26 190 participants without prevalent CVD or diabetes. Dietary habits were obtained from a modified diet history, and endpoint data were extracted from registers. Over an average of 19 years of follow-up, 3633 major adverse coronary events cases and 2643 stroke cases were reported. After adjusting for potential confounders, very high intakes of non-fermented milk (>1000 g/d) compared with low intakes (<200 g/d) were associated with 35 % (95 % CI (8, 69)) higher risk of major adverse coronary events. In contrast, moderate intakes of fermented milk (100–300 g/d) were associated with a lower risk of major adverse coronary events compared with no consumption. Intakes of cheese (only in women) and butter were inversely associated with the risk of major adverse coronary events. We observed no clear associations between any of the dairy products and stroke risk. These results highlight the importance of studying different dairy foods separately. Further studies in populations with high dairy consumption are warranted.
Breakdown of electroneutrality in polyelectrolyte gels
Authors: Hennessy Matthew G. , Celora Giulia L. , Waters Sarah L. , Münch Andreas , Wagner Barbara
Published: September 2023

Mathematical models of polyelectrolyte gels are often simplified by assuming the gel is electrically neutral. The rationale behind this assumption is that the thickness of the electric double layer (EDL) at the free surface of the gel is small compared to the size of the gel. Hence, the thin-EDL limit is taken, in which the thickness of the EDL is set to zero. Despite the widespread use of the thin-EDL limit, the solutions in the EDL are rarely computed and shown to match to the solutions for the electrically neutral bulk. The aims of this paper are to study the structure of the EDL and establish the validity of the thin-EDL limit. The model for the gel accounts for phase separation, which gives rise to diffuse interfaces with a thickness described by the Kuhn length. We show that the solutions in the EDL can only be asymptotically matched to the solutions for an electrically neutral bulk, in general, when the Debye length is much smaller than the Kuhn length. If the Debye length is similar to or larger than the Kuhn length, then phase separation can be initiated in the EDL. This phase separation spreads into the bulk of the gel and gives rise to electrically charged layers with different degrees of swelling. Thus, the thin-EDL limit and the assumption of electroneutrality only generally apply when the Debye length is much smaller than the Kuhn length.
The Influence of Convective Aggregation on the Stable Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor
Authors: Galewsky Joseph , Schneider Matthias , Diekmann Christopher , Semie Addisu , Bony Sandrine , Risi Camille , Emanuel Kerry , Brogniez Helene
Published: September 2023

Remote sensing datasets of water vapor isotopic composition are used along with objective measures of convective aggregation to better understand the impact of convective aggregation on the atmospheric hydrologic cycle in the global tropics (30°N to 30°S) for the period 2015–2020. When convection is unaggregated, vertical velocity profiles are top‐heavy, mixing ratios increase and water vapor δD decreases as the mean precipitation rate increases, consistent with partial hydrometeor evaporation below anvils into a relatively humid atmospheric column. Aggregated convection is associated with bottom‐heavy vertical velocity profiles and a positive correlation between mixing ratio and δD, a result that is consistent with isotopic enrichment from detrainment of shallow convection near the observation level. Intermediate degrees of aggregation do not display significant variation in δD with mixing ratio or precipitation rate. Convective aggregation provides a useful paradigm for understanding the relationships between mixing ratio and isotopic composition across a range of convective settings. The results presented here may have utility for a variety of applications including the interpretation of paleoclimate archives and the evaluation of numerical simulations of convection.
Unprecedented Historical Erosion of US Gulf Coast: A Consequence of Accelerated Sea‐Level Rise?
Authors: Anderson John B. , Wallace Davin J. , Rodriguez Antonio B. , Simms Alexander R.
Published: September 2023

Most of the US Gulf Coast is composed of barrier islands, peninsulas, chenier plains, and mainland beaches that are the main line of defense for wetlands, estuaries, and urban and industrial centers from rising sea level and severe storms. These wave‐dominated shorelines are currently experiencing widespread erosion. Using newly acquired and existing results from 13 sites spanning south Florida to south Texas, we compare shoreline migration rates during the late Holocene (∼−4000 to 1850 CE) with historical changes since the mid‐19th century. The records show an overall trend of seaward growth during the late Holocene followed by landward migration or a decrease in the rate of growth during historical time. Diminishing offshore sand supply, human alteration of rivers and coastal sand transport, and severe storms have contributed to this change in shoreline trajectory, but their influence has been mostly limited in extent. The most likely cause of this reversal from coastal stability and growth to widespread shoreline retreat is the dramatic historical increase in the rate of sea‐level rise over the past century.
Chip-integrated metasurface full-Stokes polarimetric imaging sensor
Authors: Zuo Jiawei , Bai Jing , Choi Shinhyuk , Basiri Ali , Chen Xiahui , Wang Chao , Yao Yu
Published: September 2023

Polarimetric imaging has a wide range of applications for uncovering features invisible to human eyes and conventional imaging sensors. Chip-integrated, fast, cost-effective, and accurate full-Stokes polarimetric imaging sensors are highly desirable in many applications, which, however, remain elusive due to fundamental material limitations. Here we present a chip-integrated Metasurface-based Full-Stokes Polarimetric Imaging sensor (MetaPolarIm) realized by integrating an ultrathin (~600 nm) metasurface polarization filter array (MPFA) onto a visible imaging sensor with CMOS compatible fabrication processes. The MPFA is featured with broadband dielectric-metal hybrid chiral metasurfaces and double-layer nanograting polarizers. This chip-integrated polarimetric imaging sensor enables single-shot full-Stokes imaging (speed limited by the CMOS imager) with the most compact form factor, records high measurement accuracy, dual-color operation (green and red) and a field of view up to 40 degrees. MetaPolarIm holds great promise to enable transformative applications in autonomous vision, industry inspection, space exploration, medical imaging and diagnosis.
3D printing of plasmonic nanofocusing tip enabling high resolution, high throughput and high contrast optical near-field imaging
Authors: Long Li , Deng Qiurong , Huang Rongtao , Li Jiafang , Li Zhi-Yuan
Published: September 2023

Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) offers a means to reach a fine spatial resolution down to ~ 10 nm, but unfortunately suffers from low transmission efficiency of optical signal. Here we present design and 3D printing of a fiber-bound polymer-core/gold-shell spiral-grating conical tip that allows for coupling the inner incident optical signal to the outer surface plasmon polariton with high efficiency, which then adiabatically transport, squeeze, and interfere constructively at the tip apex to form a plasmonic superfocusing spot with tiny size and high brightness. Numerical simulations and optical measurements show that this specially designed and fabricated tip has 10% transmission efficiency, ~ 5 nm spatial resolution, 20 dB signal-to-noise ratio, and 7000 pixels per second fast scanning speed. This high-resolution, high throughput, and high contrast SNOM would open up a new frontier of high spatial-temporal resolution detecting, imaging, and monitoring of single-molecule physical, chemical, and biological systems, and deepen our understanding of their basic science in the single-molecule level.
High-throughput extraction on a dynamic solid phase for low-abundance biomarker isolation from biological samples
Authors: Alexandre Lucile , Araya-Farias Monica , Nguyen Manh-Louis , Naoumi Nikoletta , Gropplero Giacomo , Gizeli Electra , Malaquin Laurent , Descroix Stéphanie
Published: September 2023

Liquid biopsy, in particular circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, has paved the way for a new noninvasive approach to cancer diagnosis, treatment selection and follow-up. As a crucial step in the analysis, the extraction of the genetic material from a complex matrix needs to meet specific requirements such as high specificity and low loss of target. Here, we developed a new generation of microfluidic fluidized beds (FBs) that enable the efficient extraction and preconcentration of specific ctDNA sequences from human serum with flow rates up to 15 µL/min. We first demonstrated that implementation of a vibration system inducing flow rate fluctuations combined with a mixture of different bead sizes significantly enhanced bead homogeneity, thereby increasing capture efficiency. Taking advantage of this new generation of high-throughput magnetic FBs, we then developed a new method to selectively capture a double-stranded (dsDNA) BRAF mutated DNA sequence in complex matrices such as patient serum. Finally, as proof of concept, ligation chain reaction (LCR) assays were performed to specifically amplify a mutated BRAF sequence, allowing the detection of concentrations as low as 6 × 104 copies/µL of the mutated DNA sequence in serum.
Effects of fetal growth restriction on the perinatal neurovascular unit and possible treatment targets
Authors: Wu Bing Anthony , Chand Kirat K. , Bell Alexander , Miller Suzanne L. , Colditz Paul B. , Malhotra Atul , Wixey Julie A.
Published: September 2023

The neurovascular unit (NVU) within the brain is a multicellular unit that synergistically acts to maintain blood–brain barrier function and meet cerebral metabolic demand. Recent studies have indicated disruption to the NVU is associated with neuropathology in the perinatal brain. Infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are known to be at increased risk of neurodevelopmental conditions including motor, learning, and behavioural deficits. There are currently no neuroprotective treatments for these conditions. In this review, we analyse large animal studies examining the effects of FGR on the perinatal NVU. These studies show altered vascularity in the FGR brain as well as blood–brain barrier dysfunction due to underlying cellular changes, mediated by neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a key mechanism associated with pathological effects in the FGR brain. Hence, targeting inflammation may be key to preserving the multicellular NVU and providing neuroprotection in FGR. A number of maternal and postnatal therapies with anti-inflammatory components have been investigated in FGR animal models examining targets for amelioration of NVU disruption. Each therapy showed promise by uniquely ameliorating the adverse effects of FGR on multiple aspects of the NVU. The successful implementation of a clinically viable neuroprotective treatment has the potential to improve outcomes for neonates affected by FGR.

Impact

Disruption to the neurovascular unit is associated with neuropathology in fetal growth restriction.

Inflammation is a key mechanism associated with neurovascular unit disruption in the growth-restricted brain.

Anti-inflammatory treatments ameliorate adverse effects on the neurovascular unit and may provide neuroprotection.
Mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease: mechanisms and potential targets
Authors: Chen Wen , Zhao Huakan , Li Yongsheng
Published: September 2023

Mitochondria are organelles that are able to adjust and respond to different stressors and metabolic needs within a cell, showcasing their plasticity and dynamic nature. These abilities allow them to effectively coordinate various cellular functions. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the changing process of fission, fusion, mitophagy and transport, which is crucial for optimal function in signal transduction and metabolism. An imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics can disrupt mitochondrial function, leading to abnormal cellular fate, and a range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Herein, we review the mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics, and its impacts on cellular function. We also delve into the changes that occur in mitochondrial dynamics during health and disease, and offer novel perspectives on how to target the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
A super-enhancer-regulated RNA-binding protein cascade drives pancreatic cancer
Authors: Antal Corina E. , Oh Tae Gyu , Aigner Stefan , Luo En-Ching , Yee Brian A. , Campos Tania , Tiriac Hervé , Rothamel Katherine L. , Cheng Zhang , Jiao Henry , Wang Allen , Hah Nasun , Lenkiewicz Elizabeth , Lumibao Jan C. , Truitt Morgan L. , Estepa Gabriela , Banayo Ester , Bashi Senada , Esparza Edgar , Munoz Ruben M. , Diedrich Jolene K. , Sodir Nicole M. , Mueller Jasmine R. , Fraser Cory R. , Borazanci Erkut , Propper David , Von Hoff Daniel D. , Liddle Christopher , Yu Ruth T. , Atkins Annette R. , Han Haiyong , Lowy Andrew M. , Barrett Michael T. , Engle Dannielle D. , Evan Gerard I. , Yeo Gene W. , Downes Michael , Evans Ronald M.
Published: September 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy in need of new therapeutic options. Using unbiased analyses of super-enhancers (SEs) as sentinels of core genes involved in cell-specific function, here we uncover a druggable SE-mediated RNA-binding protein (RBP) cascade that supports PDAC growth through enhanced mRNA translation. This cascade is driven by a SE associated with the RBP heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F, which stabilizes protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) to, in turn, control the translational mediator ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like. All three of these genes and the regulatory SE are essential for PDAC growth and coordinately regulated by the Myc oncogene. In line with this, modulation of the RBP network by PRMT1 inhibition reveals a unique vulnerability in Myc-high PDAC patient organoids and markedly reduces tumor growth in male mice. Our study highlights a functional link between epigenetic regulation and mRNA translation and identifies components that comprise unexpected therapeutic targets for PDAC.
Adaptive multi-temperature control for transport and storage containers enabled by phase-change materials
Authors: Zhou Xinchen , Xu Xiang , Huang Jiping
Published: September 2023

The transportation of essential items, such as food and vaccines, often requires adaptive multi-temperature control to maintain high safety and efficiency. While existing methods utilizing phase change materials have shown promise, challenges related to heat transfer and materials’ physicochemical properties remain. In this study, we present an adaptive multi-temperature control system using liquid-solid phase transitions to achieve highly effective thermal management using a pair of heat and cold sources. By leveraging the properties of stearic acid and distilled water, we fabricated a multi-temperature maintenance container and demonstrated temperature variations of only 0.14-2.05% over a two-hour period, underscoring the efficacy of our approach. Our findings offer a practical solution to address critical challenges in reliable transportation of goods, with potential implications for various fields in physical, engineering, and life sciences.
Direct observation of tRNA-chaperoned folding of a dynamic mRNA ensemble
Authors: Suddala Krishna C. , Yoo Janghyun , Fan Lixin , Zuo Xiaobing , Wang Yun-Xing , Chung Hoi Sung , Zhang Jinwei
Published: September 2023

T-box riboswitches are multi-domain noncoding RNAs that surveil individual amino acid availabilities in most Gram-positive bacteria. T-boxes directly bind specific tRNAs, query their aminoacylation status to detect starvation, and feedback control the transcription or translation of downstream amino-acid metabolic genes. Most T-boxes rapidly recruit their cognate tRNA ligands through an intricate three-way stem I-stem II-tRNA interaction, whose establishment is not understood. Using single-molecule FRET, SAXS, and time-resolved fluorescence, we find that the free T-box RNA assumes a broad distribution of open, semi-open, and closed conformations that only slowly interconvert. tRNA directly binds all three conformers with distinct kinetics, triggers nearly instantaneous collapses of the open conformations, and returns the T-box RNA to their pre-binding conformations upon dissociation. This scissors-like dynamic behavior is enabled by a hinge-like pseudoknot domain which poises the T-box for rapid tRNA-induced domain closure. This study reveals tRNA-chaperoned folding of flexible, multi-domain mRNAs through a Venus flytrap-like mechanism.
A Type II-B Cas9 nuclease with minimized off-targets and reduced chromosomal translocations in vivo
Authors: Bestas Burcu , Wimberger Sandra , Degtev Dmitrii , Madsen Alexandra , Rottner Antje K. , Karlsson Fredrik , Naumenko Sergey , Callahan Megan , Touza Julia Liz , Francescatto Margherita , Möller Carl Ivar , Badertscher Lukas , Li Songyuan , Cerboni Silvia , Selfjord Niklas , Ericson Elke , Gordon Euan , Firth Mike , Chylinski Krzysztof , Taheri-Ghahfarokhi Amir , Bohlooly-Y Mohammad , Snowden Mike , Pangalos Menelaos , Nuttall Barrett , Akcakaya Pinar , Sienski Grzegorz , Maresca Marcello
Published: September 2023

Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) and derived enzymes are widely used as genome editors, but their promiscuous nuclease activity often induces undesired mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Several strategies for mapping off-target effects have emerged, but they suffer from limited sensitivity. To increase the detection sensitivity, we develop an off-target assessment workflow that uses Duplex Sequencing. The strategy increases sensitivity by one order of magnitude, identifying previously unknown SpCas9’s off-target mutations in the humanized PCSK9 mouse model. To reduce off-target risks, we perform a bioinformatic search and identify a high-fidelity Cas9 variant of the II-B subfamily from Parasutterella secunda (PsCas9). PsCas9 shows improved specificity as compared to SpCas9 across multiple tested sites, both in vitro and in vivo, including the PCSK9 site. In the future, while PsCas9 will offer an alternative to SpCas9 for research and clinical use, the Duplex Sequencing workflow will enable a more sensitive assessment of Cas9 editing outcomes.
A hybrid integrated quantum key distribution transceiver chip
Authors: Dolphin Joseph A. , Paraïso Taofiq K. , Du Han , Woodward Robert I. , Marangon Davide G. , Shields Andrew J.
Published: September 2023

Quantum photonic technologies, such as quantum key distribution, are already benefiting greatly from the rise of integrated photonics. However, the flexibility in design of these systems is often restricted by the properties of the integration material platforms. Here, we overcome this choice by using hybrid integration of ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides with indium phosphide electro-optic modulators to produce high-performance quantum key distribution transceiver chips. Access to the best properties of both materials allows us to achieve active encoding and decoding of photonic qubits on-chip at GHz speeds and with sub-1% quantum bit error rates over long fibre distances. We demonstrate bidirectional secure bit rates of 1.82 Mbps over 10 dB channel attenuation and positive secure key rates out to 250 km of fibre. The results support the imminent utility of hybrid integration for quantum photonic circuits and the wider field of photonics.
Genome sequence and annotation of Periconia digitata a hopeful biocontrol agent of phytopathogenic oomycetes
Authors: Bovio Elena , Rancurel Corinne , Seassau Aurélie , Magliano Marc , Gislard Marie , Loisier Anaïs , Kuchly Claire , Ponchet Michel , Danchin Etienne G. J. , Van Ghelder Cyril
Published: September 2023

The Periconia fungal genus belongs to the phylum Ascomycota, order Pleosporales, family Periconiaceae. Periconia are found in many habitats, but little is known about their ecology. Several species from this genus produce bioactive molecules. Periconia digitata extracts were shown to be deadly active against the pine wilt nematode. Furthermore, P. digitata was shown to inhibit the plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica. Because P. digitata has great potential as a biocontrol agent and high quality genomic resources are still lacking in the Periconiaceae family, we generated long-read genomic data for P. digitata. Using PacBio Hifi sequencing technology, we obtained a highly-contiguous genome assembled in 13 chromosomes and totaling ca. 39 Mb. In addition, we produced a reference transcriptome, based on 12 different culture conditions, and proteomic data to support the genome annotation. Besides representing a new reference genome within the Periconiaceae, this work will contribute to our better understanding of the Eukaryotic tree of life and opens new possibilities in terms of biotechnological applications.
A chromosome-level genome assembly of the parasitoid wasp Eretmocerus hayati
Authors: Zhong Yu-Wei , Fan Yun-Yun , Zuo Zhang-Qi , Shu Run-Guo , Liu Yin-Quan , Luan Jun-Bo , Li Fei , Liu Shu-Sheng
Published: September 2023

Hymenoptera is an order accounting for a large proportion of species in Insecta, among which Chalcidoidea contains many parasitoid species of biocontrol significance. Currently, some species genomes in Chalcidoidea have been assembled, but the chromosome-level genomes of Aphelinidae are not yet available. Using Illumina, PacBio HiFi and Hi-C technologies, we assembled a genome assembly of Eretmocerus hayati (Aphelinidae, Hymenoptera), a worldwide biocontrol agent of whiteflies, at the chromosome level. The assembled genome size is 692.1 Mb with a contig N50 of 7.96 Mb. After Hi-C scaffolding, the contigs was assembled onto four chromosomes with a mapping rate of > 98%. The scaffold N50 length is 192.5 Mb, and Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologues (BUSCO) value is 95.9%. The genome contains 370.8 Mb repeat sequences and total of 24471 protein coding genes. P450 gene families were identified and analyzed. In conclusion, our chromosome-level genome assembly provides valuable support for future research on the evolution of parasitoid wasps and the interaction between hosts and parasitoid wasps.
Surface albedo measurements and surface type classification from helicopter-based observations during MOSAiC
Authors: Sperzel Tim R. , Jäkel Evelyn , Pätzold Falk , Lampert Astrid , Niehaus Hannah , Spreen Gunnar , Rosenburg Sophie , Birnbaum Gerit , Neckel Niklas , Wendisch Manfred
Published: September 2023

Global climate change poses significant societal and political challenges. The rapid increase in the near-surface air temperatures and the drastic retreat of the Arctic sea ice during summer are not well represented by climate models. The data sets introduced here intend to help improving the current understanding of the ongoing Arctic climate changes. In particular, this study considers observations from 24 helicopter flights (June–September 2020) and 5 flights with the helicopter-towed probe HELiPOD (May–July 2020) during MOSAiC. Distributions of various surface types (white ice/snow, bright melt ponds, dark melt ponds, open water, and bare ice) were determined using fisheye camera images. They were related to collocated broadband irradiance measurements to analyse the temporal and spatial changes of the surface albedo. Multiple linear regression was applied to assign the measured areal albedo to the corresponding surface-types. The resulting surface-type fractions, the albedo data and respective upward and downward broadband solar irradiances of several flights throughout the melting and refreezing season are provided.
Neutron transport calculation for the BEAVRS core based on the LSTM neural network
Authors: Ren Changan , He Li , Lei Jichong , Liu Jie , Huang Guocai , Gao Kekun , Qu Hongyu , Zhang Yiqin , Li Wei , Yang Xiaohua , Yu Tao
Published: September 2023

With the rapid development of computer technology, artificial intelligence and big data technology have undergone a qualitative leap, permeating into various industries. In order to fully harness the role of artificial intelligence in the field of nuclear engineering, we propose to use the LSTM algorithm in deep learning to model the BEAVRS (Benchmark for Evaluation And Validation of Reactor Simulations) core first cycle loading. The BEAVRS core is simulated by DRAGON and DONJON, the training set and the test set are arranged in a sequential fashion according to the evolution of time, and the LSTM model is constructed by changing a number of hyperparameters. In addition to this, the training set and the test set are retained in a chronological order that is different from one another throughout the whole process. Additionally, there is a significant pattern that is followed when subsetting both the training set and the test set. This pattern applies to both sets. The steps in this design are very carefully arranged. The findings of the experiments suggest that the model can be altered by making use of the appropriate hyperparameters in such a way as to bring the maximum error of the effective multiplication factor keff prediction of the core within 2.5 pcm (10–5), and the average error within 0.5266 pcm, which validated the successful application of machine learning to transport equations.
A cross-lingual analysis on the spread of misinformation using the case of Ivermectin as a treatment for Covid-19
Authors: Lai Cameron , Toriumi Fujio , Yoshida Mitsuo
Published: September 2023

The spread of misinformation transgresses international boundaries, between languages and cultures. This is especially evident in times of global crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic. This study observes misinformation on Twitter in the Japanese and English languages regarding false claims that the drug Ivermectin is an effective treatment for Covid-19. Our exploratory cross-lingual analysis identifies key themes of discussion and influential users in both languages, finding English misinformation to be highly popular amongst Japanese users. Significantly, an analysis of the timing of retweets between languages reveals that Japanese users find and widely share English misinformation often before English users themselves. This contradicts expectations that users from other languages tend to pick up on popular misinformation in English. Instead, they seek out English language sources irrespective of their popularity to support their agenda. These results emphasise the importance of cross-lingual mitigation strategies for organizations trying to combat misinformation, and that they must look beyond their own language spheres.
Clot embolization studies and computational framework for embolization in a canonical tube model
Authors: Tobin Nicolas , Li Menghan , Hiller Gretchen , Azimi Arash , Manning Keefe B.
Published: September 2023

Despite recent advances in the development of computational methods of modeling thrombosis, relatively little effort has been made in developing methods of modeling blood clot embolization. Such a model would provide substantially greater understanding of the mechanics of embolization, as in-vitro and in-vivo characterization of embolization is difficult. Here, a method of computationally simulating embolization is developed. Experiments are performed of blood clots formed in a polycarbonate tube, where phosphate-buffered saline is run through the tube at increasing flow rates until the clot embolizes. The experiments revealed embolization can be initiated by leading edge and trailing edge detachment or by non-uniform detachment. Stress-relaxation experiments are also performed to establish values of constitutive parameters for subsequent simulations. The embolization in the tube is reproduced in silico using a multiphase volume-of-fluid approach, where the clot is modeled as viscoelastic. By varying the constitutive parameters at the wall, embolization can be reproduced in-silico at varying flow rates, and a range of constitutive parameters fitting the experiments is reported. Here, the leading edge embolization is simulated at flow rates consistent with the experiments demonstrating excellent agreement in this specific behavior.
Fission yeast Cdc14-like phosphatase Flp1/Clp1 modulates the transcriptional response to oxidative stress
Authors: Canete Juan A. , Andrés Sonia , Muñoz Sofía , Zamarreño Javier , Rodríguez Sergio , Díaz-Cuervo Helena , Bueno Avelino , Sacristán María P.
Published: September 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important source of cellular damage. When ROS intracellular levels increase, oxidative stress takes place affecting DNA stability and metabolic functions. To prevent these effects, stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) delay cell cycle progression and induce a transcriptional response that activates antioxidant mechanisms ensuring cell adaptation and survival. Fission yeast Cdc14-like phosphatase Flp1 (also known as Clp1) has a well-established role in cell cycle regulation. Moreover, Flp1 contributes to checkpoint activation during replication stress. Here, we show that Flp1 has a role in fine-tuning the cellular oxidative stress response. Phosphorylation-dependent nucleolar release of Flp1 in response to oxidative stress conditions plays a role in the cellular transcriptional response. Thus, Flp1 ablation increases the transcriptional response to oxidative stress, in both intensity and duration, upregulating both Atf1/Pcr1- and Pap1-dependent stress induced genes. Remarkably, we found that Flp1 interacts with the Atf1/Pcr1 complex with Pcr1 acting as a direct substrate. Our results provide evidence that Flp1 modulates the oxidative stress response by limiting the Atf1/Pcr1-mediated transcription.
Reconfigurable integrated structures with functions of Fabry–Perot antenna and wideband liquid absorber for radar system stealth
Authors: Zou Yukun , Kong Xiangkun , Cao Zuwei , Zhang Xinyu , Zhao Yongjiu
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a functionally reconfigurable integrated structure of a Fabry–Perot (FP) antenna and wideband liquid absorber. First, a two-layer partial reflecting surface (PRS) has been designed. Then, a patch antenna is used to act as the source antenna. By combining the source antenna with the PRS, an FP antenna has been designed. What’s more, taking full advantage of the reflective properties of PRS, a liquid broadband absorber is then designed. Last, the integrated structure with two functions has been realized. It can be used as the FP antenna or the liquid absorber through the extraction and injection of ethanol. In this way, it is effective to switch between stealth and detection states which can be used in different electromagnetic environments. The PRS is elaborately tailored to serve as both a component of the FP antenna and the metal ground of the broadband liquid absorber. Then the integrated structure is realized by combining the FP antenna with the liquid absorber. The PRS is composed of patches on the top layer of the substrate and the square loop on the bottom. The liquid absorber is composed of a 3-D printed container, 45% ethanol layer and the PRS is used to serve as the metal ground. The formula of Mie resonance theory has been extended and used to design the liquid absorber. The gain of the antenna is 19.7 dBi when the ethanol is extracted. When the ethanol is injected, a wideband liquid absorber is achieved. The absorption band (S11 < − 10 dB) ranges from 4 to 18 GHz. The absorption bandwidth is over 133%. The monostatic RCS reduction bands of the structure with ethanol range from 4 to 18 GHz and the average RCS reduction is 28.4 dBsm. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement.
Unravelling molecular mechanisms involved in resistance priming against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Vigneron Nicolas , Grimplet Jérôme , Remolif Eric , Rienth Markus
Published: September 2023

Downy mildew (DM; Plasmopara viticola) is amongst the most severe fungal diseases in viticulture and the reason for the majority of fungicide applications. To reduce synthetic and copper-based fungicides, there is an urgent need for natural alternatives, which are being increasingly tested by the industry and the research community. However, their mode of action remains unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic changes induced by oregano essential oil vapour (OEOV) in DM-infected grapevines. OEOV was applied at different time points before and after DM infection to differentiate between a priming effect and a direct effect. Both pre-DM treatment with OEOV and post-infection treatment resulted in a significant reduction in DM sporulation. RNA-seq, followed by differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis, identified co-expressed gene modules associated with secondary metabolism, pathogen recognition and response. Surprisingly, the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficiency of OEOV against DM appear to be independent of stilbene synthesis, and instead involve genes from a putative signalling pathway that has yet to be characterized. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular regulation of innate plant immunity and provides new insights into the mode of action of alternative natural antifungal agents.
Unlocking the effect of Zn2+ on crystal structure, optical properties, and photocatalytic degradation of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) of Bi2WO6
Authors: Hojamberdiev Mirabbos , Larralde Ana Laura , Vargas Ronald , Madriz Lorean , Yubuta Kunio , Sannegowda Lokesh Koodlur , Sadok Ilona , Krzyszczak-Turczyn Agnieszka , Oleszczuk Patryk , Czech Bożena
Published: September 2023

The effect of Zn2+ on the crystal structure, optical properties, and photocatalytic activity for degradation of perfluoroalkyl substances of Bi2WO6 was studied.
Superstructures of water-dispersive hydrophobic nanocrystals: specific properties
Authors: Pileni M. P.
Published: September 2023

Superstructures of hydrophobic nanocrystals dispersed in water acting as heating nanoelements are internalized in cells creating photothermal damage.
Heterointerface engineering of cobalt molybdenum suboxide for overall water splitting
Authors: Nadarajan Renjith , Gopinathan Anju V. , Dileep Naduvile Purayil , Sidharthan Akshaya S. , Shaijumon Manikoth M.
Published: September 2023

Highly active and earth-abundant electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are of great significance for sustainable hydrogen generation through alkaline water electrolysis.
Photoresponsive CuS@polyaniline nanocomposites: An excellent synthetic bactericide against several multidrug-resistant pathogenic strains
Authors: Shah Basit Ali , Sardar Asma , Peng Weiliang , Din Syed Taj Ud , Hamayoun Syed , Li Shaobo , Yuan Bin
Published: September 2023

Surface modifications can optimize the antibacterial properties of inorganic materials; however, their high-cost, lengthy synthesis, and limited efficacy remain challenges in combating antibiotic resistance.
Dry approach production of a garnet solid electrolyte membrane for lithium batteries
Authors: Li Qiulin , Li Yiqiu , Chen Hao , Liu Hui , Li Lianjie , Song Jie , Xu Maowen , Bao Shu-Juan
Published: September 2023

Ultrathin garnet solid electrolyte membranes were successfully prepared by dry electrode technology, in addition to investigating the mechanism of membrane formation and electrochemical properties.
Recent progress in liquid metal printing and its applications
Authors: Liang Shuting , Yang Jie , Li Fengjiao , Xie Shunbi , Song Na , Hu Liang
Published: September 2023

Liquid metals are a type of material with excellent properties and have shown comprehensive development prospects.
Raman spectroscopy investigation of magnesium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Dekermenjian Maria , Ruediger Andreas Peter , Merlen Alexandre
Published: September 2023

We investigate Raman spectra (100 cm−1 to 3900 cm−1) of magnesium oxide nanoparticles with nominal sizes of 10 nm, 20 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, and 300 nm.
Dynamics-induced charge transfer in semiconducting conjugated polymers
Authors: Bauch Fabian , Dong Chuan-Ding , Schumacher Stefan
Published: September 2023

Dynamics-induced interchain charge transfer in a polymer aggregate in stack configuration can be understood by single-oligomer polaron energy.
Neural network design of broadband epsilon near zero perfect optical absorbers
Authors: Dang David , Anopchenko Aleksei , Gurung Sudip , Liu Zoey , Zhou Xuguo , Lee Ho Wai Howard
Published: September 2023

Deep neural network inverse design algorithms can dramatically enhance the performance of multi-layer epsilon-near-zero thin films to achieve broad perfect absorption of light hundreds of nanometers wide in subwavelength thickness.
Photothermal catalytic C1 conversion on supported catalysts
Authors: Liu Hui , Han Liangliang , Duan Xiaoguang , Sun Hongqi , Wang Shaobin , Zhang Jinqiang
Published: September 2023

Photothermal catalysis is a promising method for converting C1 feedstocks into valuable chemicals. This comprehensive review highlights the mechanism, design strategies for catalysts, and recent progress in photothermal catalytic C1 conversion.