bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preservice Educators’ Beliefs and Practices of Teaching STEM through Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources
Authors: Wang Hui-Hui , Knobloch Neil A.
Published: November 2020

Teaching integrative science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is gradually moving into agriculture, food, and natural resources (AFNR) education. Numerous researchers have emphasized that educators’ beliefs are at the heart of framing effective educational practices. Although integrated STEM teaching and learning literature is growing, little research has focused on how preservice educators’ beliefs inform integrated STEM through AFNR practices. By conducting an interpretivist, multiple-case study, the purpose of this study was to explore how preservice educators’ beliefs and practices of their integrated STEM through AFNR lesson plans and instruction. The preservice educators’ beliefs of integrated STEM through AFNR lessons showed three stages of development: (1) preconceived stage, (2) broadened horizons stage, and (3) perceived reality stage. The findings revealed preservice educators have similar beliefs as science teachers in regard to learning outcomes when using integrated STEM approaches. Further, preservice educators designed integrated STEM lessons using AFNR content, in which they were most familiar. Finally, the perceived reality phase was the most challenging for preservice educators because they needed to transition their integrated STEM through AFNR views from being broad to how they could concretely facilitate meaningful integrated learning experiences for their students.
Elevating the Impacts of Research in Agricultural Education
Authors: Lindner James R. , Harder Amy , Roberts T. Grady
Published: November 2020

Dissemination of research is a critical part of the research process. Researchers in agricultural education have long embraced this process. However, the Internet has changed the ways in which research is disseminated, with the potential for much broader impacts around the world. The purpose of this study was to provide a benchmark of the current impact of research in agricultural education by examining how journals and researchers in the field fare on commonly used research metrics. It was concluded that many of the common journals in agricultural education are not even listed in the indices that provide metrics to assess journals. It was also concluded that many researchers in agricultural education are not taking steps to provide public profiles of their research and thus do not have individual researcher metrics. In some ways, we are invisible to the broader scientific community. Practical suggestions are provided to elevate the reputations of our journals and the reputations of our researchers.
The Impact of Time Spent Student Teaching on the Decision to Enter the Field: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Doss William , Frost Keith , Rayfield John
Published: November 2020

Due to the lack of qualified agricultural education teachers needed to fill yearly vacancies on the secondary school level, educators at Texas Tech University conducted a longitudinal study concerning how student teachers spend their time during their student teaching experience in an attempt to identify if this time spent has an impact on the decision to enter the field. Findings showed student teachers were engaged for a total of 713.83 to 931.23 hours on average during their student teaching experience. Longitudinally, time spent in the classroom, in FFA activities, and in SAE observations varied at different points in the semester. A logistic regression revealed 18-28% of the variance in the decision to teach may be explained by the amount of time grading student work and with laboratory preparation and maintenance. Recommendations for practice include encouraging student teachers to participate in as many activities as possible. Further research should be conducted to identify more factors influencing the decision of student teachers to enter the field.
Preservice Teachers’ Conceptualizations of Agricultural Mechanics
Authors: Whitehair Rachael L. , Schramm Kelsey Rae Sands , Wells Trent , Hainline Mark S.
Published: November 2020

Agricultural mechanics laboratories are frequently available for use within school-based agricultural education (SBAE) settings. Moreover, agricultural mechanics instruction is quite common and can include a wide range of subject matter. Preservice teachers are frequently concerned about teaching agricultural mechanics, sometimes due to negative or no experiences in the subject. We sought to describe how preservice teachers, many of whom had limited experience in agricultural mechanics, conceptualized agricultural mechanics at the beginning and end of a teacher education-focused agricultural mechanics course. Conceptually framing our study using Boud et al.’s (1985) model of reflection, we used a qualitative research design to collect data from 17 preservice teachers. Two themes and four sub-themes were identified through our data analysis process. We found preservice teachers’ conceptualizations of agricultural mechanics were positively impacted as a result of a semester-long course. We recommend SBAE stakeholders continue to engage preservice teachers in high-quality agricultural mechanics-related experiences to better prepare the next generation of teachers to create opportunities for their students.
Biomass burning events measured by lidars in EARLINET – Part 1: Data analysis methodology
Authors: Adam Mariana , Nicolae Doina , Stachlewska Iwona S. , Papayannis Alexandros , Balis Dimitris
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The methodology of analysing the biomass burning events
recorded in the database of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network in
the framework of the Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure is presented. The period of 2008–2017 was chosen to analyse all of the events stored in the database under the Forest Fire category for a total of 14 stations available. The data provided ranged from complete datasets (particle backscatter, extinction and linear depolarization ratio profiles)
to single profiles (particle backscatter coefficient profile). Smoke layers
geometry was evaluated and the mean optical properties within each layer
were computed. The back-trajectory technique was used to double-check the source of all pollution layers. The biomass burning layers were identified by taking into account the presence of the fires along the back trajectory. The
biomass burning events are analysed by the means of the intensive
parameters. The analysis was structured in three directions: (I) common
biomass burning source (fire) recorded by at least two stations, (II) long-range transport from North America, and (III) analysis over four geographical regions (south-eastern Europe, north-eastern Europe, central Europe,
and south-western Europe). Based on back-trajectory calculations and fire locations, the lidar measurements can be labelled either as measurements of
a “single fire” or “mixed fires” (case I), measurements of North American fires, or measurements of mixed North American and local fires (case II). The
histogram of the fire locations reveals the smoke sources for each region. For each region, statistics on intensive parameters are performed. The
source origin of the intensive parameters is categorized based on the continental origin of the air mass (European, African, Asian, North American,
or a combination of them). The methodology presented here is meant to
provide a perspective to explore a large number of lidar data and deliver novel approaches to analyse the intensive parameters based on the assigned
biomass burning sources. A thorough consideration of all potential fire sources reveals that most of the time the lidar measurements characterize
the smoke from a mixture of fires. A comprehensive discussion of all the results (based on the intensive parameters and the source locations) will
be given in a companion paper submitted to the ACP EARLINET special issue.
Changes in productivity and intermediate circulation in the
northern Indian Ocean since the last deglaciation: new
insights from benthic foraminiferal Cd / Ca records and
benthic assemblage analyses
Authors: Ma Ruifang , Sépulcre Sophie , Licari Laetitia , Haurine Frédéric , Bassinot Franck , Yu Zhaojie , Colin Christophe
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We have measured Cd / Ca ratios of several benthic foraminiferal species and studied benthic foraminiferal assemblages on two cores from the northern Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea and northern Bay of Bengal, BoB), in order to reconstruct variations in intermediate water circulation and paleo-nutrient content since the last deglaciation. Intermediate water Cdw records estimated from the benthic Cd / Ca reflect past changes in surface productivity and/or intermediate-bottom water ventilation. The benthic foraminiferal assemblages are consistent with the geochemical data. These results suggest that during the last deglaciation, the Heinrich Stadial 1 and Younger Dryas (HS1 and YD, respectively) millennial-scale events were marked by a decrease in Cdw values, indicating an enhanced ventilation of intermediate-bottom water masses. Benthic foraminifer assemblages indicate that surface primary productivity was low during the early Holocene (from 10 to 6 cal kyr BP), resulting in low intermediate water Cdw at both sites. From ~ 5.2 to 2.4 cal kyr BP, the benthic foraminiferal assemblages indicate meso- to eutrophic intermediate water conditions, which correspond to high surface productivity. This is consistent with a significant increase in the intermediate water Cdw in the southeastern Arabian Sea and the northeastern BoB. The comparison of intermediate water Cdw records with previous reconstructions of past Indian monsoon evolution during the Holocene suggests a direct control of intermediate water Cdw by monsoon-induced changes in upper water stratification and surface primary productivity.
Multi-layer coupling between SURFEX-TEB-v9.0 and Meso-NH-v5.3 for modelling the urban climate of high-rise cities
Authors: Schoetter Robert , Kwok Yu Ting , de Munck Cécile , Lau Kevin Ka Lun , Wong Wai Kin , Masson Valéry
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Urban canopy models (UCMs) represent the exchange of momentum, heat, and moisture between cities and the atmosphere. Single-layer UCMs interact with the lowest atmospheric model level and are suited for low- to mid-rise cities, whereas multi-layer UCMs interact with multiple levels and can also be employed for high-rise cities. The present study describes the multi-layer coupling between the Town Energy Balance (TEB) UCM included in the Surface Externalisée (SURFEX) land surface model and the Meso-NH mesoscale atmospheric model. This is a step towards better high-resolution weather prediction for urban areas in the future and studies quantifying the impact of climate change adaptation measures in high-rise cities. The effect of the buildings on the wind is considered using a drag force and a production term in the prognostic equation for turbulent kinetic energy. The heat and moisture fluxes from the walls and the roofs to the atmosphere are released at the model levels intersecting these urban facets. No variety of building height at grid-point scale is considered to remain the consistency between the modification of the Meso-NH equations and the geometric assumptions of TEB. The multi-layer coupling is evaluated for the heterogeneous high-rise, high-density city of Hong Kong. It leads to a strong improvement of model results for near-surface air temperature and relative humidity, which is due to better consideration of the process of horizontal advection in the urban canopy layer. For wind speed, model results are improved on average by the multi-layer coupling but not for all stations. Future developments of the multi-layer SURFEX-TEB will focus on improving the calculation of radiative exchanges, which will allow a variety of building heights at grid-point scale to be taken into account.
COSIPY v1.3 – an open-source coupled snowpack and ice surface energy and mass balance model
Authors: Sauter Tobias , Arndt Anselm , Schneider Christoph
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Glacier changes are a vivid example of how environmental systems react to a changing climate. Distributed surface mass balance models, which translate the meteorological conditions on glaciers into local melting rates, help to attribute and detect glacier mass and volume responses to changes in the climate drivers. A well-calibrated model is a suitable test bed for sensitivity, detection, and attribution analyses for many scientific applications and often serves as a tool for quantifying the inherent uncertainties. Here, we present the open-source COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and mass balance model in PYthon (COSIPY), which provides a flexible and user-friendly framework for modeling distributed snow and glacier mass changes. The model has a modular structure so that the exchange of routines or parameterizations of physical processes is possible with little effort for the user. The framework consists of a computational kernel, which forms the runtime environment and takes care of the initialization, the input–output routines, and the parallelization, as well as the grid and data structures. This structure offers maximum flexibility without having to worry about the internal numerical flow. The adaptive subsurface scheme allows an efficient and fast calculation of the otherwise computationally demanding fundamental equations. The surface energy balance scheme uses established standard parameterizations for radiation as well as for the energy exchange between atmosphere and surface. The schemes are coupled by solving both surface energy balance and subsurface fluxes iteratively such that consistent surface skin temperature is returned at the interface. COSIPY uses a one-dimensional approach limited to the vertical fluxes of energy and matter but neglects any lateral processes. Accordingly, the model can be easily set up in parallel computational environments for calculating both energy balance and climatic surface mass balance of glacier surfaces based on flexible horizontal grids and with varying temporal resolution. The model is made available on a freely accessible site and can be used for non-profit purposes. Scientists are encouraged to actively participate in the extension and improvement of the model code.
INTEGRATED GIS SYSTEM FOR POST-FIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENTS WITH REMOTE SENSING
Authors: Barrile V. , Bilotta G. , Fotia A. , Bernardo E.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Fires continue to devour hundreds of thousands of hectares of forest even in 2020, generating gigantic damage to the ecosystem, if we think that we are in the midst of a climate crisis caused precisely by CO2 emissions into the atmosphere by man, due to burning of fossil fuels. The action to safeguard the territory and the fight against its progressive environmental degradation focus a great attention towards forest fires, also considering the enormous environmental damage that these have caused to important and very large areas of the globe. The aim of the contribution that we here propose is the design and implementation of a software tool that performs predictive functions of triggering possible forest fires, thanks to the integration and manipulation of data from different sources and processed by predictive mathematical models, to support decisions; the comparison of techniques for the processing of high-resolution remote sensing data from optical satellites for the best automatic discrimination of the areas covered by fire plays a fundamental role in the analysis. This allows managing the burnt areas also considering subsequent fire risks, and the integration of the techniques developed in a GIS in order to obtain an accurate perimeter and a fire risk map prevision.
CAPACITY BUILDING FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN MOZAMBIQUE THROUGH TEACHING PUBLIC PARTICIPATORY GIS AND SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Yordanov V. , Brovelli M. A. , Carrion D. , Barazzetti L. , Francisco L. J. A. , Comia H. R. , Caravela M. I.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Mozambique is highly vulnerable to clime change induced hazards. The extreme weather impacts are directly related to the temperature and precipitation variations leading to more frequent and devastating events as floods, droughts and cyclones. Even though Mozambique has committed to international policies and has adopted mitigation measures, still it is lacking of sufficient capacity on various levels to lower the country’s vulnerability level. A consortium of eight partner countries, along with Mozambique, commenced a Climate Change Induced Disaster Management in Africa (CIDMA) project which aims at building education capacity through implementing geospatial information technology for improved disaster management in Mozambique. The core of the project is in developing three 10 ECTS courses that will implement state-of-the-art techniques and methodologies for dealing with climate change induced hazards. The courses are intended from one hand to university students and staff, but on the other to local authorities, organisations and companies occupied with disaster management, and local communities. As one of course, “Public Participatory GIS and Spatial Data Infrastructure in Disaster Management” is designed to prepare students to be able to produce thematic maps through GIS and crowdsourced data, as well as various EO data. With the presented course it is expected for the students to gain valuable theoretical and practical knowledge of GIS, VGI and SDI for exploiting, managing and processing geospatial data for risk mitigation and hazard mapping. Moreover, they will be skilled in using free and open-source GIS software, desktop and mobile mapping techniques, and free web-based dissemination and processing services. In addition, it is expected for the students to develop critical judgement for analysing data with the correct tools in case of climate induced disasters. This paper describes the design, structure and topics of the “Public Participatory GIS and Spatial Data Infrastructure in Disaster Management”.
RISK ASSESSMENT OF STEEP SLOPE USING DRONE MAPPING AND TERRESTRIAL LIDAR IN KOREA
Authors: Kim S. S. , Kim D. Y. , Nho H.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Due to abnormal weather caused by climate change in recently years, natural disaster damages caused by local torrential rains have been increased over the world. Particularly, Korea is very vulnerable to landslide disasters because more than 63% of the country is mountainous and it suffers from unpredictable localized heavy rainfall during monsoon season every year. This paper presents experimental results for risk assessment of steep slope using drone mapping and terrestrial LiDAR survey. First, we acquired the aerial imagery of steep slope site by small UAV and conducted a drone mapping process with the Pix4D software. For collecting the more detailed geological data and analysing quantitatively damage of steep slopes (crack length, bedrock weathering area, etc.), we scanned steep slope area using terrestrial LiDAR system. Finally, we evaluated the applicability of public safety for outputs of UAV photogrammetry and 3D point clouds derived from terrestrial LiDAR data to analyse and assess the risk of steep slope.
Relationship between microstructures and resistance in mafic assemblages that deform and transform
Authors: Mansard Nicolas , Stünitz Holger , Raimbourg Hugues , Précigout Jacques , Plunder Alexis , Nègre Lucille
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Syn-kinematic mineral reactions play an important role for the mechanical
properties of polymineralic rocks. Mineral reactions (i.e., nucleation of new
phases) may lead to grain size reduction, producing fine-grained
polymineralic mixtures, which have a strongly reduced viscosity because of
the activation of grain-size-sensitive deformation processes. In order to
study the effect of deformation–reaction feedback(s) on sample strength, we
performed rock deformation experiments on “wet” assemblages of mafic
compositions in a Griggs-type solid-medium deformation apparatus. Shear
strain was applied at constant strain rate (10−5 s−1) and constant
confining pressure (1 GPa) with temperatures ranging from 800 to
900 ∘C. At low shear strain, the assemblages that react faster
are significantly weaker than the ones that react more slowly, demonstrating
that reaction progress has a first-order control on rock strength. With
increasing strain, we document two contrasting microstructural scenarios:
(1) the development of a single throughgoing high-strain zone of
well-mixed, fine-grained aggregates, associated with a significant weakening
after peak stress, and (2) the development of partially connected, nearly
monomineralic shear bands without major weakening. The lack of weakening is
caused by the absence of interconnected well-mixed aggregates of
fine-grained reaction products. The nature of the reaction products, and
hence the intensity of the mechanical weakening, is controlled by the
microstructures of the reaction products to a large extent, e.g., the amount
of amphibole and the phase distribution of reaction products. The samples
with the largest amount of amphibole exhibit a larger grain size and show
less weakening. In addition to their implications for the deformation of
natural shear zones, our findings demonstrate that the feedback between
deformation and mineral reactions can lead to large differences in
mechanical strength, even at relatively small initial differences in mineral
composition.
Materializando diálogos institucionais na judicialização da saúde pública – propostas de convenções processuais coletivas, LINDB e transparência
Authors: Mascarenhas Caio Gama , Ribas Lídia Maria
Published: November 2020

Propõe-se trazer uma perspectiva da judicialização da saúde sob a ótica dos diálogos institucionais e da flexibilidade procedimental, buscando soluções para o problema de forma conjunta entre os poderes de Estado. É fundamental que se busquem métodos de indução de maior responsabilidade e economicidade por parte dos poderes. Destarte, inquire-se: quais são os problemas práticos da judicialização nas áreas da saúde e da gestão pública orçamentária? É possível que convenções processuais regulamentem decisões que afetem a gestão pública orçamentária? Como fornecer accountability nos acordos entre o Judiciário e o Executivo no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde? Algumas outras teorias são utilizadas: como a das capacidades dos poderes e do Processo Civil do Estado Constitucional. Faz-se ainda uma interpretação conjunta entre o artigo 190 do CPC/2015 e os artigos 20, 22 e 26 da Lei de Introdução de Normas de Direito Brasileiro. Utiliza-se o método dedutivo/indutivo, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
Os poderes hipertróficos do relator no STF, o desmembramento constitucional e o golpe de Estado jurídico
Authors: Lunardi Fabrício Castagna
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de investigar como, no Supremo Tribunal Federal, o ministro relator tem se utilizado de seus poderes individuais para, de forma não autorizada pela Constituição, decidir monocraticamente medidas liminares, controlar o timing do processo e utilizar o poder de pauta para implementar a sua própria agenda. A pesquisa se desenvolve com base em uma linha crítico-metodológica, a partir da perspectiva teórica de Richard Albert e Alec Stone Sweet, e de pesquisas quantitativas e qualitativas, a fim de investigar criticamente como ocorre o uso desse poder individual pelo ministro relator. Ao final, conclui-se que a prática do STF, que hipertrofiou o poder individual de seus ministros, se aproxima de um verdadeiro desmembramento constitucional judicial, sobretudo pela forma como cada ministro, individualmente, se arvora na competência do colegiado e inova na ordem jurídica, muitas vezes divergindo da própria jurisprudência da Corte. Além disso, os ministros do STF, ao aumentarem o seu próprio poder, fragmentaram o poder da Corte e alteraram a regra de reconhecimento e a norma básica, para fazer valer uma decisão monocrática que modifica o direito constitucional objetivo, violando a Constituição, o que constitui verdadeiro golpe de Estado jurídico.
Federação, municípios e políticas públicas: o impacto da PEC do pacto federativo (nº 188/2019) no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Zanotta Calçada Luís Antonio , Rodrigues Reck Janriê
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo busca avaliar o impacto da Proposta de Emenda Constitucional 188/2019 no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Parte-se da construção de o que é um estado federado, discorrendo, após, sobre a situação do município como membro da federação brasileira e, ainda, da importância desses para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e para a democracia. Apresentado o teor da Proposta de Emenda Constitucional, com base em informações extraídas do sítio Dados Abertos do Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, será avaliado o impacto que a PEC terá no número de municípios gaúchos. Tal análise será realizada a partir da revisão bibliográfica e documental, utilizando o método indutivo.
An Immersion Approach to Client-Sponsored Projects: Preparing Students with Soft Skills Required for Hiring - Face to Face & Virtual Methods
Authors: Mims Tina C , Thompson Kenneth , Conde Richard , Gade Michael
Published: November 2020

As higher education is pressured to prove its students’ readiness to work, preparing marketing students to become successful professionals requires faculty to employ a myriad of approaches. Among these approaches that emerged over the past 30 years are client-sponsored projects (CSP) as a superior method to transferring practical experience compared to utilizing text-based case studies. However, according to recent surveys, industry remains unsatisfied with baccalaureate graduates’ readiness to work. Graduating student-preparedness surveys show employers claim an absence of key skills among baccalaureate graduates. To address the gap between current industry survey results, while drawing on CSP literature, this article introduces a semester-long CSP pedagogy where the classroom, face-to-face or virtual, becomes an immersion of a typical corporate team project culture thereby practicing the very skills industry report students lack. In the model presented, students serve as consultants by developing an executable marketing plan for implementation by a client company. The procedures presented yield an experience providing students with performance expectations, much like an individual working in a business environment. During the semester-long journey, students develop the key competencies to specifically address the highlighted skill gaps from surveys among hiring managers. Although most CSPs are tools to help students hone some abilities, most projects typically become nothing more than another teaching tactic. The distinctiveness of the immersion approach presented in this article expands the use of CSP with a rigorous corporate-like in-class experience for both face-to-face and fully online courses. This article describes procedures educators can use for developing a classroom experience integrating real-business world pressures, coaching, and accountability to better prepare graduating students for their careers and satisfy the skills business managers expect.
Elevated Red Blood Cell Distribution Width May Be a Novel Independent Predictor of Poor Functional Outcome in Patients Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Akpinar Cetin Kursad , Gurkaş Erdem , Aykac Ozlem , Uysal Zehra , Ozdemir Atilla Ozcan
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) evaluates the variation (size heterogeneity) in red blood cells. Elevated RDW has been identified as a predictor of poor functional outcomes for acute ischemic stroke. The association between elevated RDW level and poor functional outcome in stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy has not been reported before. This study aims to investigate this relationship.Materials and Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study involving the prospectively and consecutively collected data of 205 adult stroke patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (middle cerebral artery M1, anterior cerebral artery A1, tandem ICA-MCA, carotid T) between July 2017 and December 2019. RDW cut off levels were accepted as >16%. The effect of elevated RDW on poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale 3–6) was investigated using bivariate and multivariate regression analysis.Results: Elevated RDW was significantly associated with poor functional outcome in bivariate and multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] for RDW >16%, 2.078; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.083–3.966; P=0.027 and OR for RDW >16%, 2.873; 95% CI, 1.342–6.151; P=0.007; respectively).Conclusion: These findings suggest that elevated RDW may be an independent predictor of poor functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy.
Conditional Yardstick Competition in Energy Regulation
Authors: Kuosmanen Timo , Johnson Andrew L.
Published: November 2020

Yardstick competition is a regulation regime that forces local monopolies to compete against a variable cost or total cost benchmark. The variable cost benchmark ignores the fixed capital, creating a strong incentive to over-invest, whereas the total cost benchmark assumes all costs to be variable, ignoring the investment risk. We propose theoretical, methodological, and operational advances to increase applicability of yardstick competition in energy regulation. In the proposed conditional yardstick regime capital is treated as a fixed input, and the local monopolies compete against the variable cost conditional on the fixed input. We develop a benchmarking method that can handle multiple outputs, heterogeneity, and shape constraints to ensure incentive compatibility. We discuss the real-world application of the proposed regime to the Finnish electricity distribution firms in 2016-2023. We argue that smarter regulation of network industries can contribute to lower risk premiums and help to achieve win-win solutions both in terms of reliability and affordability.
De burgemeester als ‘sheriff’ in de aanpak van ondermijnende misdaad: op weg naar een wettelijke grondslag?
Authors: van der Vorm Benny , van Duyne Petrus C.
Published: November 2020

The mayor as a sheriff in combating undermining criminality: to a legal basis?

Traditionally, the mayor has an important role as a citizen’s father and as a maintainer of public order. In the context of the so-called ‘undermining’ criminality, the mayor has been increasingly empowered with new legal instruments to combat undermining criminality. Some mayors see themselves as a sheriff. However, in the Dutch Municipal Act, the mayor only has a task of maintaining the public order. How does this task relate to combating undermining criminality? What is the role of the mayor in the combat of undermining criminality? Nowadays, there is no legal basis in the Dutch Municipal Act to equip the mayor with crime-fighting duties. This article proposes to equip the mayor with a legal duty as a crime fighter.
Reanalysis of discarded blastocysts for autosomal aneuploidy after sex selection in cleavage-stage embryos
Authors: Ebrahimian Neda , Montazeri Fatemeh , Sadeghi Mohammad Reza , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi , Gilany Kambiz , Khalili Mohannad Ali
Published: November 2020

Objective: The goal of the present study was to investigate the rate of chromosomal aneuploidies in surplus embryos after sex determination at the cleavage stage. Then, the same chromosomal aneuploidies were evaluated in blastocysts after extended culture.Methods: Sixty-eight surplus embryos were biopsied at the cleavage stage and incubated for an additional 3 days to allow them to reach the blastocyst stage. The embryos were reanalyzed via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to examine eight chromosomes (13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, X, and Y) in both cleavage-stage embryos and blastocysts.Results: Although the total abnormality rate was lower in blastocysts (32.35%) than in cleavage-stage embryos (45.58%), the difference was not significant (p=0.113). However, when we restricted the analysis to autosomal abnormalities, we observed a significant difference in the abnormality rate between the cleavage-stage embryos (44.11%) and the blastocysts (17.64%, p=0.008). A higher rate of sex chromosomal abnormalities was also observed in cleavage-stage embryos (29.4%) than in blastocysts (14.70%, p=0.038). Conclusion: The data indicated that embryo biopsy should be conducted at the blastocyst stage rather than the cleavage stage. The results also emphasized that examination of common chromosomal aneuploidies apart from sex selection cycles can be conducted in the blastocyst stage with the FISH method.
Actions speak louder than looks: The effects of avatar appearance and in-game actions on subsequent prosocial behavior
Authors: Guegan Jérôme , Nelson Julien , Lamy Lubomir , Buisine Stéphanie
Published: November 2020

Several experimental studies in recent years have shown an effect of the appearance of embodied avatars in a digital environment on subsequent behaviors in unrelated context. However, such studies often focus exclusively on the appearance of avatars, and do not consider the nature of the behavior carried out in-game. This article presents an experiment exploring the combined effects of avatar appearance and in-game behavior on subsequent prosocial behavior in an unrelated task. 120 undergraduate students from a medical and health sciences course traversed a digital environment in a roleplaying game, battling opponents (“mobs”) along the way. Using a factorial design, participants embodied either a heroic or a villainous avatar, and battled good or evil mobs. Results show that mob appearance, but not avatar appearance, affected prosocial behavior in a subsequent unrelated task. Participants having battled negative-looking mobs tended to exhibit more prosocial behavior than those having battled positive-looking mobs. These results, highlighting the potential of avatar’s behavior to influence user’s subsequent behavior, are discussed in terms of self-perception, theoretical insight and research on the Proteus effect.
Sosyal Medya ve İnternet Teknolojisi İle Yöndeşen Televizyon Yayıncılğı: Sosyal TV
Authors: KIRIK Ali Murat , KARAKUŞ Murat Kazım
Published: November 2020

Son dönemin en önemli kitle iletişim araçlarının başında televizyon gelmektedir. Her ne kadar internet teknolojisi büyük ivme kazanmış olmasına rağmen televizyon hala önemli bir kitle iletişim aracı durumundadır. Televizyonun çocuklar ve yetişkinler için bir sosyalleşme aracı olarak büyük önem arz ettiği araştırmacılar tarafından bir gerçeklik olarak kabul edilmektedir. Teknolojinin hızlı bir şekilde gelişim göstermesi televizyon ve interneti ortak çatı altında toplamıştır. Oluşan yakınsama olgusu kitle iletişim araçlarını da derinden etkilemiştir. İnternet, sosyal medya ve televizyonu kapsar hale gelmiştir. İnternet aracılığıyla yeni medya teknolojileri oluşmuş ve eski teknolojiler giderek değişim göstermeye ve silinmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada sosyal medya ve internet ilişkisi irdelenecek, televizyon yayıncılığının değişen çehresi üzerinde durulacaktır.
Onisimus turgidus (Sars, 1879) (Amphipoda, Uristidae), an overlooked amphipod from sea anemones in Northern Norway
Authors: Vader Wim , Johnsen Jan Roger , Tandberg Anne Helene S.
Published: November 2020

Two Norwegian uristid amphipods, obligate associates of sea anemones, have for a long time been confused sub nomine Onisimus normani Sars, 1890. In reality this species only occurs in south Norway, while the north-Norwegian material belongs to O. turgidus (Sars, 1879), described from the Barents Sea and for a long time forgotten. This paper fully illustrates both species, gives a key, and provides data on their distribution and ecology.
Culture relationships between Serbia and Japan: An Internet research
Authors: Sofronijević Adam , Grubor Svetlana
Published: November 2020

Paper presents Internet research into culture relationships between Serbia and Japan. The research has been conducted within the framework of available digital tools that allow for insights into culture relationships between Japan and geographical area of Republic of Serbia, but not between Japan and integral Serbian culture area, and in this regards the paper is specific call for action for such tools to be produced in the future that will provide for possibilities for scientific research and insights into complete sphere of relationships between Serbian culture area and other cultures and peoples. Paper presents the research into historic newspapers based on keyword searchable digital library pretraziva.rs, newspaper archives Ebart and Google services of Advanced search and Google Trends. All the results point into the direction of establishing the fact that strong culture relations exist between Japan and Serbia from the end of 19th century until today. Paper shows that these relationships follow the path of development of technological basis that grounds communication among two peoples and two cultures, and comparative analysis of relationships with other nations and states show that relationships between Japan and Serbia have unusual high level considering geographical distance and traditional gap between these two cultures in the centuries before the period of globalization allowed for their meeting, mixing and mutual influences.
Crowdfunding platforms in US and EU: Empirical analysis of social capital
Authors: Liakopoulou Irini
Published: November 2020

The present work aims to investigate the crowdfunding phenomenon, deepening the implications for the various stakeholders deriving from this funding collection mechanism and the role it has assumed in recent years, especially in the processes of business creation and spread of entrepreneurship. It also seeks to extend the literature that is still at an early stage, as well as to broaden the knowledge of areas that are under-research and on which clarity has not been made completely. For doing this we analyze, through a dataset of 103 projects, the qualities of the founders (project proponents) and funders, which determine the amount obtained in successful, or funded, initiatives. The objective of this research project is to analyze the internal social capital created in the platforms, represented by the bonds established by the founders and funders, measured in terms of supported projects, followed and created previously by both actors (all with reference to a date prior to the launch of the initiative analyzed), and how it affects the result of the initiative, or on the capital raised.
New interventionism and humanitarian intervention in international practice
Authors: Danilović Nemanja
Published: November 2020

The paper offers an analysis of new interventionism and its connection with humanitarian intervention through several examples from recent practice. The author sought to outline the basic features and characteristics of the new global interventionism, which is to some degree intertwined through humanitarian interventions carried out by the great powers against smaller states, all under the pretext of protecting human rights and freedom. The basic idea of the work is to present, through concrete examples, the extent to which humanitarian interventions are justified, whether something completely different is hidden behind the pretext of protection of human rights, some completely different goal or a completely different interest of great powers.
Attempts at reviving the Torlak identity in the Pirot region during the 90's of the 20th century
Authors: Krstić Dejan
Published: November 2020

In 1994 two books were published - "A contribution to ethno-history of the Torlaks" by Kosta Kostić and "Torlak" by Vitomir Zivković, in which the authors, independent of each other, tried to revive the term the Torlaks in Pirot region in the broad sense. Both books caused some reaction. This paper gives evidence of these attempts at reviving the Torlak identity in the Pirot region and reactions to them. Data were collected mainly through interviews, during my fieldwork in 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 (I carried out the interviews for my PhD thesis ‚The construction of the Torlak identity in Serbia and Bulgaria' which I defended on the Faculty of philosophy, University of Belgrade in 2014). The content of this paper shows the motives of the two authors and promoters of the book for affirming of this term, the influence of the books on the wider population's awareness of its own identity and the response of local intellectual circles to them. In specific, complex and very frustrating local-political and identity-wise circumstances, the responses were mainly negative. Even though the authors and promoters didn't intend to use the term in order to endanger either national identity, they were misunderstood: in Dimitrovgrad, the term was considered as an ill-intended attempt at undermining national Bulgarian identity and regional Shop identity, and, on the other hand, in Pirot, it was seen as a danger to Serbian national identity. Yet, there were individuals who considered the term as acceptable.
Again on its route: Via Militaris, this time in the virtual form
Authors: Džunić Zoran
Published: November 2020

The subject of interest of this paper is a project Via Militaris, the Corridor for the sustainable tourism development of the Regional Development Agency Jug from Nis within the Interreg -IPA programme of the European Union related to the cross-border cooperation of Serbia and Bulgaria. Through support within the accession negotiations, this programme of the European Union offers assistance to the citizens of the border area of Serbia and Bulgaria. Using the former significance of the route of the ancient military road Via Militaris which passed through the border area of today's Serbia and Bulgaria, Regional Development Agency Jug plans to form a critical mass that will contribute to improving of tourist exploitation of the natural and cultural heritage of Via Militaris area which will in turn enable economic benefits to the people living in the cross-border region. The paper also gives a brief overview of the historical facts related to the origin and use of this road which was the main route for the flow of people and goods between Europe and Asia. This road which was used for military campaigns finally got the opportunity to help in its virtual form the region with all specific characteristics, natural wealth and cultural heritage and be at the service of the citizens on both sides of the border.
The principles of the corporate governance in banks and legislation of Republic of Serbia
Authors: Jolović Nevena , Dukić-Mijatović Marijana
Published: November 2020

Complex relations, a frequent separation of ownership, management, and control functions in banks, as well as turbulent and changeable market conditions make responsible, fair, and transparent corporate governance mechanisms extremely important for these financial institutions. "the culture" of the corporate governance is incorporated into the banking sector of Republic of Serbia and it is based on the national legislation and international governance standards. The aim of the research is to analyze the level of the implementation of international principles of corporate governance in the Serbian banking sector and to assess the adequacy and strength of the national legal and regulatory framework to enable and support such an act. The descriptive method, an analysis and synthesis technique, as well as the analysis of the content of laws, reports, and available national and foreign literature in the field of corporate governance, were used for the preparation of this paper. The result of the research implies the confirmed assumption that the legal and regulatory framework of corporate governance in the banking sector of Republic of Serbia makes the implementation of the international principles of corporate governance possible and sufficiently supports it.
Compensation for damages due to a failure to perform a contractual obligation in a purchase and sales contract in foreign trade operations
Authors: Praštalo Tanja , Đurđev Dušanka
Published: November 2020

One of the oldest human activities is the trade of goods, services, money and other property values both within a country and abroad. Foreign trade business has an exceptional importance for socio-economic relations between countries. Each state independently regulates the trade of goods and services. However, no state economy is self-sufficient, so its need to join the international markets is quite justified. Through a mutual trade cooperation, states transfer the effects of the concluded agreements beyond their borders, and the need for the unification of certain norms is absolutely necessary, as well as the regulation of the issue of a breach of contractual obligation and compensation for damages as a consequence resulting from such a thing. Some countries have a fear of ratifying the international rules, because they think that the accepted solutions would be contrary to their national legislation. There is mentioned only one of the reasons for the states resistance, as well as the difficulties in achieving the unique acceptable solution. This paper analyzes the concept, the importance of foreign trade business for countries, then the rights and obligations of the contracting parties and the compensation for damage due to a breach of a contractual obligation by non-performance in the sales contract.
The Reorganization Report of 1923
Authors: Butler Charles H.
Published: November 2020

An appreciative understanding of the position and the program of mathematics in the modern American scheme of secondary education can best be had by viewing it against the backdrop of history. Its evolution from the stereotyped arithmetic of colonial days to the comprehensive and varied offering of today represents a continuing effort to make mathematics contribute all it could toward the achievement of the broad aims of prevailing educational philosophies, and many influences have been operative in shaping its course. The story of the evolving program of secondary mathematics has been fully and well recounted in numerous books and articles. It is not the purpose of this paper to tell the whole story again, but merely to indicate something of the contribution of one important committee, and especially of one of its members, to the development of the program in mathematics in the United States in the past quarter of a century. This committee was the National Committee on Mathematical Requirements, and the member of it to whom reference was made was the late Professor Raleigh Schorling, to whose memory this issue of The Mathematics Teacher is dedicated.
Mathematical Recreations
Authors: Bakst Aaron
Published: November 2020

In The January issue of The Mathematics Teacher the following problem was proposed. “Divide the area of a circle into n (n, any integer) equal parts, but the division of the circumference of the circle is not permitted, nor is the drawing of concentric circles or of parallel chords permitted.”
Mathematical Recreations
Authors: Bakst Aaron
Published: November 2020

The appeal of this Department to the readers of The Mathematics Teacher for materials and problems which would enrich, enliven, and motivate the classroom teaching did not go unheeded. The number of letters and replies from the readers has intrigued the secretary of the Mathematics Department of the New York University School of Education, Miss Joan Geasa, so much that she has made a contribution of her own. Here it is.