bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multicriteria flood mitigation in the Imotsko-Bekijsko Polje (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Ljubenkov Igor
Published: November 2015

Imotsko-Bekijsko Polje has an area of 9 500 ha and is one of the biggest karst fields (polje) in the Dinaric Mountains, extending over the territory of two states: Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Many hydraulic structures (reservoirs, retentions, tunnels, etc.) have been built since the middle of 20th century in order to protect polje against floods. Therefore, the security from flooding has increased substantially. However, there is still periodical flooding in the southeastern lowest part of the polje. The largest flood in recent times was in January 2010, when 2676 ha (28% of the area) was flooded. The polje is a typical karst with very complex hydrological and hydrogeological relations. In this paper two hydrological stations, Nuga at the lowest part and Kamenmost in the central part of the polje with respectable hydrological series, are statistically analysed. In particular, the efficiency of existing hydraulic structures for flood mitigation is estimated. The research points out that floods in Imotsko-Bekijsko Polje are largely influenced by water management objects (reservoir, retention, tunnel) and only indirectly by precipitation.
Some properties of geodesic semi E-b-vex functions
Authors: Kiliçman Adem , Saleh Wedad
Published: November 2015

In this study, we introduce a new class of function called geodesic semi E-b-vex functions and generalized
geodesic semi E-b-vex functions and discuss some of their properties.
Study of Grodzins product (E(2+
1) * B(E2)↑) in the framework of
the Asymmetric Rotor Model
Authors: Kumari Parveen , Mittal Harish Mohan
Published: November 2015

A systematic dependence of Grodzins product (E(2+
1) * B(E2)↑) on the asymmetry parameter Υ0 is studied in the Z = 50 − 82, N = 82 − 126 major shell space. The Grodzins product provides contributions of E(2+
1) and B(E2) " simultaneously, which further reflects the shape
phase transitions with asymmetry parameter 0. In the region of deformed nuclei, Grodzins product (E(2+
1)*B(E2)↑)
shows direct dependence on the asymmetry parameter 0. We discuss here for the first time the correlation between
Grodzins product (E(2+
1) * B(E2)↑) and the asymmetry parameter Υ0.
Reciprocal Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Calcium Signaling in Astrocyte Processes
Authors: Jackson Joshua G. , Robinson Michael B.
Published: November 2015

We recently showed that inhibition of neuronal activity, glutamate uptake, or reversed-Na+/Ca2+-exchange with TTX, TFB-TBOA, or YM-244769, respectively, increases mitochondrial mobility in astrocytic processes. In the present study, we examined the interrelationships between mitochondrial mobility and Ca2+signaling in astrocyte processes in organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus. All of the treatments that increase mitochondrial mobility decreased basal Ca2+. As recently reported, we observed spontaneous Ca2+spikes with half-lives of ∼1 s that spread ∼6 μm and are almost abolished by a TRPA1 channel antagonist. Virtually all of these Ca2+spikes overlap mitochondria (98%), and 62% of mitochondria are overlapped by these spikes. Although tetrodotoxin, TFB-TBOA, or YM-244769 increased Ca2+signaling, the specific effects on peak, decay time, and/or frequency were different. To more specifically manipulate mitochondrial mobility, we explored the effects of Miro motor adaptor proteins. We show that Miro1 and Miro2 are both expressed in astrocytes and that exogenous expression of Ca2+-insensitive Miro mutants (KK) nearly doubles the percentage of mobile mitochondria. Expression of Miro1KKhad a modest effect on the frequency of these Ca2+spikes but nearly doubled the decay half-life. The mitochondrial proton ionophore, FCCP, caused a large, prolonged increase in cytosolic Ca2+followed by an increase in the decay time and the spread of the spontaneous Ca2+spikes. Photo-ablation of mitochondria in individual astrocyte processes has similar effects on Ca2+. Together, these studies show that Ca2+regulates mitochondrial mobility, and mitochondria in turn regulate Ca2+signals in astrocyte processes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn neurons, the movement and positioning of mitochondria at sites of elevated activity are important for matching local energy and Ca2+buffering capacity. Previously, we demonstrated that mitochondria are immobilized in astrocytes in response to neuronal activity and glutamate uptake. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism by which mitochondria are immobilized in astrocytes subsequent to increases in intracellular [Ca2+] and provide evidence that mitochondria contribute to the compartmentalization of spontaneous Ca2+signals in astrocyte processes. Immobilization of mitochondria at sites of glutamate uptake in astrocyte processes provides a mechanism to coordinate increases in activity with increases in mitochondrial metabolism.
MEG Adaptation Resolves the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Face-Sensitive Brain Responses
Authors: Simpson Michael I.G. , Johnson Sam R. , Prendergast Garreth , Kokkinakis Athanasios V. , Johnson Eileanoir , Green Gary G.R. , Johnston Patrick J.
Published: November 2015

An unresolved goal in face perception is to identify brain areas involved in face processing and simultaneously understand the timing of their involvement. Currently, high spatial resolution imaging techniques identify the fusiform gyrus as subserving processing of invariant face features relating to identity. High temporal resolution imaging techniques localize an early latency evoked component—the N/M170—as having a major generator in the fusiform region; however, this evoked component is not believed to be associated with the processing of identity. To resolve this, we used novel magnetoencephalographic beamformer analyses to localize cortical regions in humans spatially with trial-by-trial activity that differentiated faces and objects and to interrogate their functional sensitivity by analyzing the effects of stimulus repetition. This demonstrated a temporal sequence of processing that provides category-level and then item-level invariance. The right fusiform gyrus showed adaptation to faces (not objects) at ∼150 ms after stimulus onset regardless of face identity; however, at the later latency of ∼200–300 ms, this area showed greater adaptation to repeated identity faces than to novel identities. This is consistent with an involvement of the fusiform region in both early and midlatency face-processing operations, with only the latter showing sensitivity to invariant face features relating to identity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuroimaging techniques with high spatial-resolution have identified brain structures that are reliably activated when viewing faces and techniques with high temporal resolution have identified the time-varying temporal signature of the brain's response to faces. However, until now, colocalizing face-specific mechanisms in both time and space has proven notoriously difficult. Here, we used novel magnetoencephalographic analysis techniques to spatially localize cortical regions with trial-by-trial temporal activity that differentiates between faces and objects and to interrogate their functional sensitivity by analyzing effects of stimulus repetition on the time-locked signal. These analyses confirm a role for the right fusiform region in early to midlatency responses consistent with face identity processing and convincingly deliver upon magnetoencephalography's promise to resolve brain signals in time and space simultaneously.
15 years of Rev Rene - a tribute to the Brazilian Nursing!
Authors: Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: November 2015

Congratulations to Rev Rene, Northeastern Nursing Network Journal (in Portuguese), for its fifteen years of existence consecrating important contributions to the science and profession of nursing. Congratulations to the Postgraduate Program in Nursing, to the Nursing Department and to the institution Federal University of Ceará that hosts this important structure of scientific dissemination.
Self-care to elderly after cerebrovascular accident: caregiver and academics experiences
Authors: Nascimento Márcia Gabriela Gomes , Martins Paula Cristina Figueiredo , Resck Zélia Marilda Rodrigues , Dázio Eliza Maria Rezende , Terra Fábio Souza
Published: November 2015

Objective: understand the experiences of the caregiver and multidisciplinary health academics toward the development of self-care at home for elderly after cerebrovascular accident. Methods: qualitative study with the use of semi-structured interviews with six caregivers and eight academics whose data were analyzed in the light of the Phenomenology. Results: three categories emerged: living with the challenges and limitations imposed on the caregiver and on the person being cared; the professional being and the technic conservatism; the multidisciplinary team at home: experiences with the caregiver andthe person being cared. Conclusion: caregivers of elderly who went through cerebrovascular accident need more supportand guidance for conducting home care, they need a plan of care to facilitate and encourage self-care, minimizing the burdenincurred to the caregiver. Multidisciplinary academics displayed a technical view. This demonstrates the need for change in academic education with more focus on a holistic and humanistic view of care.
Disabled person: construction of concept by this population
Authors: Pagliuca Lorita Marlena Freitag , Oliveira Paula Marciana Pinheiro de , Mariano Monaliza Ribeiro , Silva Jacqueline Mota da , Almeida Paulo Cesar de , Oliveira Giselly Oseni Barbosa
Published: November 2015

Objective: to build the concept of disabled person. Methods: study of analysis of concept using the phases field work and statistical analysis with 120 individuals divided into three groups of 40 people with hearing, visual and motor disability. Results: there was predomination of men (68%), 18-29 years old (55%), with superior education (35%) and married/common-law married (75%). The attribute accepted was person with limitation and still able to perform activity, with a difference between groups (p = 0.018); the keyword accepted was limitation (p = 0.001); the expression was disabled person, with intergroup difference (p = 0.013). Concept of choice by group was deaf (97.51%); blind (45%) and person with visual disability (45%) and; person with physical disability (27.5%). Conclusion: attributes, keywords used in the literature and public policy were not accepted. They prefer to be called deaf; blind or visually impaired; They reject people with motor disability and wheelchair user.
Depression and nutritional status of elderly participants of the Hiperdia Program
Authors: Pereira Millena Mirelle , Rufino Maíra Holanda , Nascimento Leidinar Cardoso , Macêdo Rivaldo Costa , Oliveira Rouslanny Kelly , Freire Joilane Alves
Published: November 2015

Objective: evaluate the relationship between depression and nutritional status of elderly enrolled in the Hiperdia Program.Methods: cross-sectional study in 91 elderly submitted to nutritional assessment and a structured questionnaire forscreening depression, the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: there was prevalence of women, 60-65 years old. There wasminimal or moderate depression in 61.5% and severe depression in 2.2%. Proportionally high values of waist circumferencewere identified (91.8%) and overweight (67.6%) in elderly patients with minimal or moderate depression. Conclusion:there is an increasing imbalance in the nutritional status among women with a risk of developing cardiovascular disease,as well as overweight. Elderly are under health risk related to depression. This suggests that despite being inserted in aprogram for control of chronic diseases, they must be accompanied by the health team to improve their quality of life.
Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor: Effect of Operating Conditions on Product Yields and Characteristics
Authors: Mohammed Isah Yakub , Abakr Yousif Abdalla , Kazi Feroz Kabir , Yusuf Suzana , Alshareef Ibraheem , Chin Soh Aik
Published: November 2015

This study presents a report on pyrolysis of Napier grass stem in a fixed bed reactor. The effects of nitrogen flow (20 to 60 mL/min), and reaction temperature (450 to 650 °C) were investigated. Increasing the nitrogen flow from 20 to 30 mL/min increased the bio-oil yield and decreased both bio-char and non-condensable gas. 30 mL/min nitrogen flow resulted in optimum bio-oil yield and was used in the subsequent experiments. Reaction temperatures between 450 and 600 °C increased the bio-oil yield, with maximum yield of 32.26 wt% at 600 oC and a decrease in the corresponding bio-char and non-condensable gas. At 650 °C, reductions in the bio-oil and bio-char yields were recorded while the non-condensable gas increased. Water content of the bio-oil decreased with increasing reaction temperature, while density and viscosity increased. The observed pH and higher heating values were between 2.43 to 2.97, and 25.25 to 28.88 MJ/kg, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed that the oil was made up of highly oxygenated compounds and requires upgrading. The bio-char and non-condensable gas were characterized, and the effect of reaction temperature on the properties was evaluated. Napier grass represents a good source of renewable energy when all pyrolysis products are efficiently utilized.
The Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment on the Color Stability and Chemical Properties of Birch Veneer Surfaces
Authors: Yamamoto Akio , Rohumaa Anti , Kontturi Eero , Hughes Mark , Vuorinen Tapani
Published: November 2015

The effects of hydrothermal pre-treatment on the color of silver birch veneer were determined. Spectrophotometric and chemical analyses of the veneer by means of extraction were conducted to determine the detailed chemical characteristics of the veneers. Results from spectrophotometric analysis revealed a significant increase in lightness (L*) and a decrease in yellowness (b*) in the veneer produced from a log soaked at 70 °C in short-term. Conversely, the effect of long-term storage resulted in a significant reduction in L* and an increase in b*. Chemical analyses of the veneer extract identified a moderate negative correlation between soluble proanthocyanidins content and treatment temperature. A higher amount of wood extractives, such as lipophilic extractives, free monosaccharides, and other organic substances, were obtained from wood material soaked at 70 °C than at 20 °C, which was most likely due to moderate chemical changes during treatment. Comparison of the results between dried veneers and wet veneers from the water extraction study revealed that the dried veneers had higher amounts of lipophilic matter and less water-soluble organic matter than the wet veneers. Other aspects of the loss of soluble proanthocyanidins in the birch veneer during plywood manufacturing are discussed.
An Efficient Dispersive Agent — KCl for Ultrasonic Preparation of Microfibrillated Cellulose (MFC)
Authors: Zhang Xuexia , Yu Yan , Li Wanju , Ren Dan , Wang Hankun
Published: November 2015

The suitability of saturated salt solutions as a dispersive agent for preparing microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) from bamboo processing residue through ultrasonication was evaluated. The effect of pure water and KCl solution on the rheological behavior and morphologies of prepared MFC were compared. The results show that the viscosity of MFC suspension dispersed in KCl solution decreases by several orders of magnitude compared to the water counterpart. SEM images demonstrate that MFCs with comparable quality can be prepared using either pure water or KCl solution as a dispersive agent. A high concentration of bamboo processing residue (~2 wt.%) dispersed in salt solutions was found to possess comparable viscosity with a low concentration of MFC suspension (~0.5 wt.%) dispersed in water. This indicates that the application of salt solutions as dispersive agents in ultrasonication has great potential to improve the productivity of MFC prepared from plant materials.
Kenaf/Synthetic and Kevlar®/Cellulosic Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composites: A Review
Authors: Salman Suhad D. , Leman Zulkiflle , Sultan Mohamed T. H. , Ishak Mohamad R. , Cardona Francisco
Published: November 2015

This paper reviews the published and ongoing research work on kenaf/synthetic and Kevlar®/cellulosic fiber-reinforced composite materials. The combination of natural fibers with synthetic fibers in hybrid composites has become increasingly applied in several different fields of technology and engineering. As a result, a better balance between performance and cost is expected to be achieved by 2015, through appropriate material design. This review is intended to provide an outline of the essential outcomes of those hybrid composite materials currently utilized, focusing on processing and mechanical and structural properties.
Adalékok az időskori maculadegeneráció – etiopatogeneziséből fakadó – gyógyszeres intervenciójához
Authors: Fischer Tamás
Published: November 2015

It is of great therapeutic significance that disordered function of the vascular endothelium which supply the affected ocular structures plays a major role in the pathogenesis and development of age-related macular degeneration. Chronic inflammation is closely linked to diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, and age-related macular degeneration is accompanied by a general inflammatory response. According to current concept, age-related macular degeneration is a local manifestation of systemic vascular disease. This recognition could have therapeutic implications because restoration of endothelial dysfunction can restabilize the condition of chronic vascular disease including age-related macular degeneration as well. Restoration of endothelial dysfunction by pharmaacological or non pharmacological interventions may prevent the development or improve endothelial dysfunction, which result in prevention or improvement of age related macular degeneration as well. Medicines including inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers and renin inhibitors), statins, acetylsalicylic acid, trimetazidin, third generation beta-blockers, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists, folate, vitamin D, melatonin, advanced glycation end-product crosslink breaker alagebrium, endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan, coenzyme Q10; “causal” antioxidant vitamins, N-acetyl-cysteine, resveratrol, L-arginine, serotonin receptor agonists, tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockers, specific inhibitor of the complement alternative pathway, curcumin and doxycyclin all have beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction. Restoration of endothelial dysfunction can restabilize chronic vascular disease including age-related macular degeneration as well. Considering that the human vascular system is consubstantial, medicines listed above should be given to patients (1) who have no macular degeneration but have risk factors for the disease and are older than 50 years; (2) who have been diagnosed with unilateral age-related macular degeneration in order to prevent damage of the contralateral eye; (3) who have bilateral age-related macular degeneration in order to avert deterioration and in the hope of a potential improvement. However, randomised prospective clinical trials are still needed to elucidate the potential role of these drug treatments in the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(46), 1847–1858.
Esetek és tanulmányok
Authors: Schubert András
Published: November 2015

Case studies and case reports form an important and ever growing part of scientific and scholarly literature. The paper deals with the share and citation rate of these publication types on different fields of research. In general, evidence seems to support the opinion that an excessive number of such publications may negatively influence the impact factor of the journal. In the literature of scientometrics, case studies (at least the presence of the term “case study” in the titles of the papers) have a moderate share, but their citation rate is practically equal to that of other publication types. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(46), 1871–1874.
Gyermekkori otitis media serosa miatt tubussal ellátott betegek hosszú távú nyomon követése
Authors: Fekete-Szabó Gabriella , Kiss Fekete , Rovó László
Published: November 2015

Introduction: The authors report about the efficacy of inserted tympanostomy tube in children with serous otitis media. Aim: The aim of the authors was to assess the status of eardrum, the function of Eustachian tube and hearing level 10 years after the use of tympanostomy tube. Method: Patients filled up a questionnaire and microscopic examination of tympanic membrane, tympanometry, Eustachian tube function examination, and audiometry tests were performed. Results: In the period of 2003–2004, ventilation tube insertion was performed in 711 patients in the ENT Department of Pediatric Health Center of University of Szeged. In 349 patients adenotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion, in 18 cases tonsillectomy and grommet insertion and in 344 patients only typmanostomy tube insertion were performed. Due to objective difficulties (address change, no phone number) 453 patients were asked for control test and 312 persons accepted the invitation. Normal hearing level was found in 84.6% of patients and normal tympanometry result occurred in 82%. Tympanic ventilation disorder, perforation of tympanic membrane, sensorineural hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss due to noise exposure were diagnosed. Conclusions: Application of tympanostomy tube is effective in the treatment of serous otitis media resulting from ventilation disorder. The authors draw attention to the importance of tympanometry examination to prevent the adhesive processes and cholesteatoma in chronic ventilation disorder of the middle ear. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(46), 1859–1864.
Music Therapy and Medical Ethnomusicology: Distinctive and Connected
Authors: Edwards Jane , MacMahon Oonagh
Published: November 2015

AbstractA music therapist and an ethnomusicologist who is also qualified as a music therapist explore some of the ways in which music therapy and medical ethnomusicology might engage a dialogue that is helpful to expanding thinking and practice in both fields. We begin by describing music therapy and outlining some core concepts of therapeutic work. We then discuss ethnomusicology and reflect on the ways in which music therapy and ethnomusicology may complement one another in the field of medical ethnomusicology. We consider how an exploration of concepts informing cultural safety might be enacted in healthcare through the use of music and whether this might serve as a useful joint future enterprise between music therapists and medical ethnomusicologists. Finally we explain why we encourage medical ethnomusicologists to cease attempts to become applied therapeutic practitioners without further therapy skills training.
A Triple Insider's Take on Arts Therapy, Arts-based Community Development, and Huntington's Disease
Authors: Schrag Brian
Published: November 2015

In this article, I reflect on my experiences as someone with Huntington's Disease who works professionally as a development ethnomusicologist, and who creates musical, video, and graphic arts for healing in communities I know. People struggling with disease and trauma benefit enormously by identifying their needs and goals, finding and valuing their artistic resources, and sparking creativity from within their and their social networks' artistry that addresses those needs. Therapists and others can contribute to these processes best by using methods that include eliciting artistic biographies, sparking community creativity, and becoming multiartistic activists.
Balance Between the Worlds: A Conversation with Dr. Richard Vedan
Authors: Kenny Carolyn B
Published: November 2015

In this article, Dr. Richard Vedan, a Secwepmec, lodge keeper, and medical social worker converses with Dr. Carolyn Kenny about critical elements of medical ethnomusicology as seen and experienced through an Indigenous context.  Dilemmas of individualism versus collectivism and isolation versus connectivity underlie the entire conversation.  Relevant themes in the traditional use of music in Indigenous healing are discussed.
Medical Ethnomusicology: Wherein Lies Its Potential?
Authors: Daly Berman Amanda Elaine
Published: November 2015

The connection between music and healing has been both present and perceived for centuries, as evidenced in such famous comments as Congreve’s remark that “Music hath charms to soothe the savage beast, to soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak” (The Healing Music Organization 2011).  While music therapy, medicine, and medical anthropology all examine the interplay of music and healing, medical ethnomusicology, an academic field that studies this symbiotic relationship from a cultural standpoint, has only recently been developed.  Further, while music’s power to heal plays an increasing role in Western medicine/biomedicine, the term medical ethnomusicology seems to mostly be reserved for non-Western studies, with Michael Bakan’s (2009) work on autism being the most notable exception.  In this paper, medical ethnomusicology’s relevance within the greater field of ethnomusicology is considered.  Methodological approaches of the fields in question will be addressed, with the intent of showing how medical ethnomusicology can and should be applied to Western concepts and practices of music and healing.
An historical overview of the development of occupational therapy educational institutions in Brazil
Authors: Guillaumon Emmel Maria Luisa , da Cruz Daniel Marinho Cezar , de Oliveira Figueiredo Mirela
Published: November 2015

INTRODUCTION: The first occupational therapy (OT) undergraduate programme in Brazil opened in 1956 in Rio de Janeiro by the "Associagao Brasileira Beneficente de Reabilitagao", as a technical educational course. It became a university undergraduate programme only in 1969. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of OT undergraduate programmes in Brazil. In addition, a mapping of the distribution of existing educational courses in Brazil will be reported through an historical overview. From 1958 until 1986, 15 undergraduate programmes were identified. Between 1987 and 1999, this number increased to 24 and finally between 2000 and 2011 this number was raised to 75 across the whole country. There are some significant differences between the OT courses, depending on the region of the country. The lecturing laboratory spaces that drew the most attention were the Assistive Technology Laboratories, which only began to appear in the middle of the 2000s CONCLUSION: There was a marked increase throughout the last decade in the number and the quality of OT undergraduate programmes in Brazil, which consequently enhanced the number of occupational therapists in the country, improved standards within the profession and brought advances in the field of practice. In order to understand the role of the practitioners in the contemporary world a dialogue between different countries and continents plays an important role when reflecting on the OT undergraduate programmes. Keywords: occupational therapy, undergraduate programmes, educational institutions
The reliability of the Motor-Free Visual Perceptual Test (MVPT-3) when translated into Afrikaans, on a first language Afrikaans urban population aged 8 years 0 months to 8 years 11 months
Authors: Koch Lyndsay , Eksteen Trudie , de Witt Patricia
Published: November 2015

Occupational therapists and other professionals in South Africa are faced with the task of assessing and providing intervention for children from a range of cultural and language groups. The possibility of cultural variation in different cultural groups can produce confounding and inaccurate results and biased conclusions when the test is used with different groups and the results are interpreted using the norms and criteria provided by the authors. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the Motor-Free Visual Perceptual Test 3rd Edition (MPVT-3) when instructions were translated into Afrikaans. A descriptive split-half comparative research design was used to determine the internal consistency of the items on the MVPT-3 after the instructions had been translated into Afrikaans. 80 learners between the ages of 8 years 0 months and 8 years 11 months were selected from nine schools to participate and the translated MVPT-3 was administered once during school time. Data was analysed using Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability statistics. Results indicated that although overall reliability was adequate, the split-half reliability revealed that the reliability scores were not adequate for half of the test, with the second half of the test showing poor reliability. There were also significant differences between boys' and girls' performance on the test, with reliability scores for boys being well below the accepted level. Thus the reliability of the MVPT-3 both within the South African population as well as when translated is questionable and the test should be interpreted with caution. Key words: MVPT-3, psychometrics, translation
Malocclusion influence on balance and posture: a systematic review.
Authors: Stancker Tatiane Garcia , Silva Andréia Cristina de Oliveira , Neto Hugo Pasin , Rodrigues Cristiane Delgado Alves
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Malocclusion can be defined as an imbalance between the masticatory system and neuromuscular Temporomandibular joint. It is considered as a result of the sum of genetic, environmental and postural elements therefore of multifactorial origin. Objective: To review the existing literature if malocclusion influence in posture and balance of the subject. Methods: This is a systematic review, which searched up clinical studies, published between 2009 and 2014 in English, Portuguese and Spanish, in the databases SciELO, PubMed, Lilacs and Sience Direct, using the keywords malocclusion/posture and malocclusion/body balance. Studies were included that had to evaluate the posture and/or balance in patients with malocclusion, were excluded systematic reviews and studies that did not correspond to the proposed theme. Results: In addition to the articles found in all databases, the corpus generated by the literature consisted of 828 records; 13 of them responded to the proposed theme. About the selected literature, eight studies showed significant results regarding the relationship between malocclusion and posture, and two as malocclusion and body balance. Conclusion: it was concluded that malocclusion is associated with the posture of the changes, since the balance, only two studies presented this outcome and was in a considered positive for the worsening of static equilibrium, but with no clinical application, and another positive for improves dynamic balance.
Levels of Stress among General Practitioners, Students and Specialists In Pediatric Dentistry during Dental Treatment
Authors: Davidovich E , Pessov Y , Baniel A , Ram D
Published: November 2015

Objective: To assess self-reported stress during the performance of different procedures in pediatric dentistry, according to the professional experience of the dentists. Study design: During the years 2010 to 2011, an anonymous survey was administered by means of an internet link, and by distribution at professional meetings of dentists . Results: No statistically significant differences in stress were reported for maxilla and mandibular procedures. Placement of a rubber dam was rated as the most stressful procedure among dental students. For general practitioners and specialists, injection of local anesthesia to an anxious child was the most stressful procedure, regardless of age, sex, or years of professional experience. A negative correlation was found between years of experience and level of stress for all the procedures surveyed, but not for the use of nitrous oxide. No differences were found between male and female dentists in stress scores for any of the procedures. Conclusion: Higher rates of stress during operative procedures were reported among dental students than among experienced dentists. Anxiety of the pediatric patients, but not the location of the procedure: maxillary or mandibular, affected the dentists' reported level of stress.
Acquired Oral Microflora of Newborns During the First 48 Hours of Life
Authors: Rosenblatt R , Steinberg D , Mankuta D , Zini A
Published: November 2015

Objective: To compare the oral microflora of a newborn during first hours after birth and after two days, and determine whether the newborn acquires his mother's microflora during this period. Study design: Saliva samples were taken from 50 newborns, on their first day of life, two days after, and from their mothers. Those samples were checked for total aerobic cultivated bacteria and mutans streptococci. Results: Soon after birth, most newborns lacked any of the tested microorganisms in their oral cavity. Two days later, oral microorganisms were detected. A significant correlation was found between the total aerobic cultivated bacteria counts of the mothers, and of their newborns. Conclusions: It can be assumed, that on the first 48 hours of life, the newborn gains a major part of his oral microflora from his mother. These results might shade light on a possible to control and change the acquired microflora, at the very beginning of a human's life, creating a new, but less cariogenic flora. An accurate protocol should be examine to avoid this initial transmission during these days, while the mother and her newborn are still in the hospital, and thus might be possible to reduce caries prevalence in the future.
Efficiency and Reliability of Thermal and Electrical Tests to Evaluate Pulp Status in Primary Teeth with Assessment of Anxiety Levels in Children
Authors: Nagarathna C , Shakuntala BS , Jaiganesh I
Published: November 2015

Objective: Assessing the pulp status plays a vital role in diagnosis and treatment planning in dentistry especially in children, who may not be able to verbalize their dental symptoms. Pulp sensibility test is used as a valuable investigation to evaluate the state of pulp. The aim of this study is to assess the efficiency and reliability of thermal and electrical pulp tests in primary teeth and to rule out the anxiety level involved in each tests. Study design: 30 children aged between 6 to 8 years with carious primary molar teeth in need of conservative pulp therapy were included in this study. 3 tests at random were employed on each tooth which includes cold, heat, electrical pulp test. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were evaluated based on the clinical visual examination on access opening and the accuracy for each test was calculated. The Facial Image Scale (FIS) was used to assess the state of dental anxiety in children due to these pulp sensibility tests. Results: The highest accuracy rate was calculated for EPT (0.814) followed by cold test (0.777) and heat test (0.759). Conclusion: No significant association was found between the accuracy of all the three tests. (P value > 0.05). Cold test is the most reliable test due to its simplicity and ease to perform. (FIS -1.53).
Dentin Optical Density in Molars Subjected to Partial Carious Dentin Removal
Authors: Léda L , Azevedo T D , Pimentel P A , de Toledo OA , Bezerra A C
Published: November 2015

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the optical density of dentin in primary molars with deep caries three to six months after they were subjected to partial carious dentin removal. Study design: This was a blind controlled, clinical therapy study. Standardized digitalized bitewing radiographs of 42 teeth were analyzed using Adobe Photoshop® to quantitatively determine the gray scale of the affected dentin beneath the restoration, in comparison with healthy dentin. A mixed-effects model was used for statistical analysis. The gray tone level was considered a dependent variable; the tooth region and the time, in addition to the interaction between them, were the independent variables. Values of p < 0.05 were significant. Results: During the interval between time zero and three months, the gray tone levels of affected dentin varied from 80.99 ± 3.17 to 98.57 ± 3.17; i.e., an estimated increase of 18 (p < 0.0001). The values for healthy dentin ranged from 118.22 ± 3.17 to 122.02 ± 3.17; i.e., a mean increase of four in the gray tone levels (p = 0.0003). During the interval between three and six months, both healthy and affected dentin showed similar behavior (98.57 ± 3.17 to 103.32 ± 3.20 and 122.02 ± 3.7 to 126.56 ± 3.20, respectively) (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Significant increments were observed in the optical density of the affected dentin after three months compared to that of healthy dentin in primary molars treated using the partial carious dentin removal technique.
Reflex Testing for Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin (CDT) in Insurance Applicants with Elevated High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL)
Authors: Singh Gurmukh
Published: November 2015

Objectives

Ascertain the utility of testing carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) levels in insurance applicants with elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels.

Background

Chronic alcoholism is not uncommon and is a risk factor for health and longevity and thus of interest to providers of insurance. A number of tests serve as markers of alcohol use, eg, blood alcohol level, elevated liver enzymes, ethyl glucuronide in urine, whole blood associated aldehyde (WBAA), macrocytosis, elevated HDL, elevated CDT and others. WBAA and CDT are usually only done, if some other screening test suggests alcohol use. HDL testing is routinely done for assessing cardiac risk, however, chronic alcohol intake tends to raise HDL and some insurance providers reflex to CDT testing when HDL is elevated.

Methods

A number of the clients of Heritage Labs Inc. have rules in place to test for CDT levels in specimens showing elevated HDL levels. The commonest HDL level that serves as the trigger for reflex testing for CDT is 80mg/dL. The results of this practice were analyzed to assess the utility of reflex testing for CDT to identify chronic alcohol abusers among the applicants.

Results

In examining the results of CDT levels done as a reflex test due to elevated HDL levels, about 2% of the applicants, 0.7% of women and 3% of men, tested positive for elevated CDT levels.

Conclusions

The incidence of elevated CDT levels is high enough to warrant routinely testing for this analyte in applicants, especially men, with high HDL levels.
The Wolf-Parkinson-White ECG Pattern – Assessing the Mortality Risk
Authors: Posan Emoke
Published: November 2015

The presence of a Wolf-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern is not uncommonly discovered on a life insurance applicant’s ECG. How does one determine the appropriate mortality risk in this population? This article will discuss the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), the interpretation of electrophysiology testing results, and risk-stratification both for asymptomatic individuals and those who have had ablation treatment.
Uncovering Proximity of Chromosome Territories using Classical Algebraic Statistics
Authors: Arsuaga Javier , Heskia Ido , Hosten Serkan , Maskalevich Tatiana
Published: November 2015

Exchange type chromosome aberrations (ETCAs) are rearrangements of the genome that occur when chromosomes break and the resulting fragments rejoin with fragments from other chromosomes or from other regions within the same chromosome. ETCAs are commonly observed in cancer cells and in cells exposed to radiation. The frequency of these chromosome rearrangements is correlated with their spatial proximity, therefore it can be used to infer the three dimensional organization of the genome. Extracting statistical significance of spatial proximity from cancer and radiation data has remained somewhat elusive because of the sparsity of the data. We here propose a new approach to study the three dimensional organization of the genome using algebraic statistics. We test our method on a published data set of irradiated human blood lymphocyte cells. We provide a rigorous method for testing the overall organization of the genome, and in agreement with previous results we find a random relative positioning of chromosomes with the exception of the chromosome pairs {1,22} and {13,14} that have a significantly larger number of ETCAs than the rest of the chromosome pairs suggesting their spatial proximity. We conclude that algebraic methods can successfully be used to analyze genetic data and have potential applications to larger and more complex data sets.
Determinación de las emisiones de contaminantes del aire generadas por fuentes móviles en carreteras de Costa Rica
Authors: Herrera Murillo Jorge , Rodríguez Román Susana , Rojas Marín José Felix
Published: November 2015

Se llevó a cabo una estimación de las emisiones generadas por la flota vehicular existente en Costa Rica a enero del 2010,mediante los factores de emi- sión obtenidos del modelo MOBILE 6 de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de Estados Unidos y los datos de actividad reportados por la Dirección Sec- torial de Energía. Del total de 544 767 toneladas de contaminantes criterio producidas por la operación de fuentes móviles en carreteras, el 60,4% corres- ponde a monóxido de carbono (CO), y son los ve- hículos particulares y de carga liviana que operan con gasolina las unidades más contaminantes, pues aportan un total del 73% de las emisiones totales.
Efecto de la variación agua/cemento en el concreto
Authors: Guevara Fallas Génesis , Hidalgo Madrigal Carolina , Pizarro García Mariannys , Rodríguez Valenciano Iván , Rojas Vega Luis Diego , Segura Guzmán Georgana
Published: November 2015

El presente documento refleja el estudio de la relación agua-cemento (A/C) en la preparación de concreto. Para llevarlo a cabo se hicieron varias pruebas cambiando el volumen del agua con relación a la cantidad de cemento. A partir de esto se pudo concluir que el desarrollo de las pruebas permitió identificar la consistencia del concreto y, por tanto, de sus propiedades. La resistencia es afectada directamente por dicha relación y se midió mediante la prueba de compresión. Es importante determinar las propiedades del concreto con el que se está trabajando, para determinar su utilidad a largo plazo y cumplir con los estándares requeridos para tal finalidad.
Los trabajadores de empacadoras de yuca en comunidades de La Fortuna, San Carlos, y Sector Ángeles, San Ramón, Costa Rica. Una aproximación sociológica
Authors: Rodríguez Barrientos Francisco , Córdoba Artavia Óscar
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo se deriva del proyecto de investigación  Mejora en la eficiencia de la cadena productiva de la yuca en el distrito de La Fortuna, San Carlos, Costa Rica. El objetivo fundamental del proyecto consistía en mejorar la eficiencia y la productividad en las diversas etapas del proceso agro productivo de la yuca. La investigación se realizó en una franja territorial que abarcó un sector del distrito de La Fortuna, cantón de San Carlos, provincia de Alajuela, Costa Rica, un importante lugar de producción yuquera, y una porción del distrito de Peñas Blancas (cantón San Ramón, provincia de Alajuela). La franja territorial seleccionada se halla dentro de la Región Huetar Norte costarricense, cuyo sector ligado a la producción, procesamiento y comercialización de yuca constituyó la población meta de la investigación. El proyecto tuvo una duración de tres años (2006-2008). El presente artículo presenta un bosquejo comparativo entre trabajadores costarricenses y migrantes nicaragüenses que laboran en procesadoras de yuca de la franja territorial estudiada respecto a sus condiciones económicas, sociales y laborales. El artículo enfatiza algunas variables fundamentales como los niveles de ingreso y pobreza, los niveles de escolaridad y la tenencia de seguro social. La información ofrecida es una simple aproximación a una realidad compleja y cambiante, cuyos resultados se busca puedan servir de guía o de hipótesis de trabajo para ulteriores estudios que aborden esta problemática de forma más amplia y sistemática.
Implementación de un protocolo para la producción de raíces pilosas (hairy roots) de uña de gato (Uncaria tomentosa) mediante transformación con Agrobacterium rhizogenes
Authors: Garro Monge Giovanni , Ramijan Carmiol Karina , Blanco Ulate Bárbara , Lam Cheng Kalai , Alvarenga Venutolo Silvana
Published: November 2015

Los beneficios para la salud registrados a partir del uso de metabolitos secundarios de la planta llamada uña de gato (Uncaria tomentosa) han generado una fuerte demanda comercial, así como la extracción intensiva de esta especie en los países en los cuales se distribuye, con el consecuente deterioro de este recurso genético en su hábitat natural.

Es por eso que resulta necesario implementar protocolos de cultivo de células y tejidos de esta especie, con el fin de lograr la síntesis de los compuestos en forma controlada. La corteza de las raíces es uno de los tejidos en los que se concentra la producción de estos compuestos, razón por la cual la producción de raíces de cabellera (hairy roots) resulta ser una técnica alternativa para la producción a escala de los metabolitos de interés.

En este proyecto se implementó un protocolo de agroinfección de microestacas de U. tomentosa utilizando cepas silvestres de Agrobacterium rizhogenes (AR1500 y A4RS), así como el mantenimiento en medio líquido de las raíces pilosas obtenidas. En colaboración con el Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del programa PIPRA (UC Davis), se determinó la eficacia del protocolo de agroinfección, así como el uso de otras herramientas moleculares para la detección de expresión génica, las cuales mostraron resultados satisfactorios en los ensayos de agroinfección, bajo las metodologías establecidas en el proyecto.
Clasificación de reactivos químicos en los laboratorios de la Universidad Nacional
Authors: Mora Barrantes José Carlos , Piedra Marín Gilberto , Benavides Ramírez David , Ruepert Ruepert Clemens
Published: November 2015

Durante el periodo 2008-2010 se realizaron inventarios de los reactivos químicos utilizados y almacenados en los laboratorios de los campus Omar Dengo y Benjamín Núñez de la Universidad Nacional.

Se le solicitó a cada coordinador de laboratorio completar un formulario que incluía el nombre, la cantidad y el número CAS de los reactivos químicos almacenados y utilizados en cada laboratorio. Con estos datos, se clasificaron los reactivos de acuerdo con su categoría de peligro, utilizando el Código IMDG de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU).

La clasificación de los reactivos químicos permitió el desarrollo de sus patrones de distribución en las diferentes unidades, institutos y centros de investigación de la Universidad Nacional. Además, se identificaron las clases de reactivos de mayor y menor uso en los laboratorios de la institución. El adecuado manejo de los reactivos químicos, con su correspondiente clasificación basada en la categoría de riesgo, es la base principal para la implementación de un ambiente seguro de trabajo en los laboratorios.

La clasificación de los reactivos químicos permite minimizar los costos administrativos, económicos, legales, de seguridad y técnicos asociados con la atención de emergencias químicas; permitiendo además el desarrollo y aplicación de prácticas de trabajo preventivas por parte de funcionarios y estudiantes durante la manipulación de estas sustancias.