bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inibição na produção de texto
Authors: Sartore Anna Rita
Published: July 2016

Fazendo uso de balizas da psicanálise a partir de Freud e Lacan considera-se que a inibição da escrita e a produção de textos que infringem a norma culta não são eventos gerados por déficit cognitivo do aluno e sim resultado de fenômenos da ordem do inconsciente, desencadeados pelo receio do sujeito em desvelar a imagem do próprio corpo através da representação num suporte concreto. Discute-se também um possível efeito de relançamento na escrita, decorrente da fruição da literatura e as conseqüências indesejáveis da operacionalização de obras literárias nas tarefas escolares.
É possível falar de um desejo "primitivo" de escrever?
Authors: Pommier Gérard
Published: July 2016

O artigo apresenta a idéia de que o impulso na direção da escrita responde a uma pressão psíquica, articulada no"desejo de escrever". A escrita provê uma solução particular para a divisão subjetiva: uma reconciliação, ao menos provisória, com um corpo de gozo do qual o sujeito está desde o início exilado. Nesse sentido, trata-se de um desejo de escrever que é primitivo, visto que explicita a escrita do próprio inconsciente. Sustenta a idéia de que a invenção da escrita é uma necessidade de estrutura. Trata-se de recuperar, pela via pulsional, através de um meio visual o que foi perdido pelo viés da voz. O artigo discute ainda a noção de representação, para tratar, em ordens distintas as condições de representação do corpo e do sujeito.
O BRINCAR PRECOCE DO BEBÊ COMO INDICADOR DE RISCOS DE SOFRIMENTO PSÍQUICO
Authors: Saboia Camila
Published: July 2016

Ao partirmos da noção de que os primeiros gestos espontâneos e criativos do bebê revelam aspectos importantes da qualidade de suas primeiras relações precoces com o objeto materno, bem como de seu processo de adaptação ao ambiente dito suficientemente bom, podemos presumir que o brincar primitivo do bebê possui um importante papel de sinalizador de sofrimento psíquico. Por meio de um estudo longitudinal de bebês com risco de autismo acompanhados entre os 6 meses e 3 anos, pôde-se constatar que a maneira como esses bebês exploram, interagem e respondem a um brincar compartilhado com o outro se diferencia significativamente da de bebês que apresentam um atraso do desenvolvimento psicomotor, sem traços de risco de autismo, e de bebês saudáveis (normais).
O FANTOCHE COMO MEDIAÇÃO PARA OS SOFRIMENTOS PSÍQUICOS
Authors: Le Maléfan Pascal , Rebelo Teresa
Published: July 2016

A presença de fantoches em dispositivos psicoterapêuticos existe há quase um século, e podemos dizer que hoje está entre as mediações frequentemente utilizadas no tratamento de crianças, bem como de adultos. Neste artigo, vamos nos concentrar no campo da psicopatologia clínica e no lugar que pode ser atribuído ao fantoche no encontro com as questões que atravessam a prática de um hospital-dia para crianças de um Centro Médico-psicológico (CMP).
A SOBERANIA DA CLÍNICA: ALÉM DO DIAGNÓSTICO EM PSIQUIATRIA E PSICANÁLISE
Authors: Pereira Loures Natália Raquel , Fernandes Paula Brant
Published: July 2016

Neste artigo, procuraremos apontar as diferenças entre o diagnóstico psiquiátrico de corrente biológica e o diagnóstico psicanalítico. Para isso, serão apresentados alguns aspectos da psiquiatria clássica e a psiquiatria biológica, ponderando a influência da psicopatologia na definição dos manuais diagnósticos e, consequentemente, nos diagnósticos utilizados atualmente na clínica psiquiátrica. Discutiremos a finalidade do diagnóstico estrutural sob transferência para traçar a direção do tratamento em psicanálise e pontuaremos as possibilidades de aproximação entre os diagnósticos, considerando o fenômeno e a estrutura. Por fim, utilizaremos o estudo de um caso clínico com nomeações diagnósticas de ambas as vertentes.
A FUNÇÃO PATERNA NA CLÍNICA INFANTIL
Authors: Ogaki Henrique A Abe , Sei Maíra Bonafe
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a importância da função paterna no desenvolvimento e na clínica infantil. Tal função pode ser entendida, dentro da psicanálise, como responsável pelo amparo à mãe e pela introdução dos limites necessários ao bom desenvolvimento emocional. No caso de Marcelo, o terapeuta assume essa função, ajudando-o na organização e adotando uma postura firme que sustente os limites para o menino, partindo-se do vínculo estabelecido. Esse tipo de intervenção trouxe resultados positivos nesse caso, de forma que destaca-se a importância da função paterna e a possibilidade do terapeuta assumi-la quando isso se faz necessário.
Análise do estado da arte em psicanálise e educação no Brasil (1987- 2012)
Authors: Pereira Marcelo Ricardo , Silveira Wegis Herculano
Published: July 2016

Este artigo apresenta um novo survey bibliográfico em psicanálise e educação, com 635 teses, dissertações, artigos e livros, tendo sido realizado no intuito de conhecer a produção nacional do campo desde a década de 1980, quando o campo de psicanálise e educação ganha no Brasil um recorte independente da psicologia do desenvolvimento. O survey teve como fontes o Estado da Arte do LEPSI-USP e os bancos eletrônicos de trabalhos da CAPES, do Google Acadêmico, do SciELO, do BVS-Psi e de várias universidades e editoras brasileiras. O texto divide os títulos em 13 eixos temáticos, debatendo-os e mostrando possíveis perspectivas para o campo neste início de século.
A singularização do laço na educação infantil: por uma indeterminação necessária
Authors: Morillo Helena Schafirovits , Fonseca Paula Fontana
Published: July 2016

Este texto situa-se na interface da psicanálise com a educação. Partimos da experiência de estágio realizada em uma escola de educação infantil e utilizamos a metodologia IRDI que estuda a relação do educador com o bebê dando ênfase à singularização do laço no ato educativo. Pensando a possibilidade de se sustentar um saber não-todo sobre o outro, em que a indeterminação tem lugar, problematizamos o que chamamos de "função-educador" e "sujeito-educador" tendo por pano de fundo situações vividas ao longo do período de estágio com o intuito de discutir o ato educativo no cenário pedagógico contemporâneo.
Psicanálise, educação e redes sociais virtuais: escurando os adolescentes na escola
Authors: Lima Nádia Laguárdia de , Barcelos Nayara Serrano , Berni Juliana Tassara , Casula Karina De Almeida , Ferreira Luiza Pinheiro Mendes , Figueiredo Ellen Rose Fernandes , Maciel Karina Nihari , Nunes Mirella César Ferraz , Otoni Marina Soares
Published: July 2016

O interesse e a preocupação em relação ao uso de dispositivos tecnológicos pelos adolescentes têm se acentuado a cada dia. As redes sociais da internet têm sido utilizadas pelos jovens não só para a comunicação, mas também para a segregação social. Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre uma pesquisa e intervenção realizadas em uma escola pública que teve como tema o uso das redes sociais pelos jovens. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia de conversação de orientação psicanalítica com quatro grupos de adolescentes. Depreendeu-se um processo próprio a cada grupo, além de efeitos das conversações sobre cada sujeito.
A alienação da criança: clínica e contemporaneidade
Authors: Matsuo Thaíssa Yumi , Carreira Alessandra Fernandes
Published: July 2016

Inserido no projeto de pesquisa Psicanálise com crianças: teoria e clínica, financiado pela Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP) e baseado nos pressupostos da psicanálise lacaniana, este trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa sobre a alienação e a separação, abordando suas características, importância e implicações, bem como sua possível relação com as manifestações sintomáticas na criança. Este trabalho considera nosso momento histórico, caracterizado pelos discursos capitalista e científico, que corroboraram o processo de objetalização da criança. Logo, foi realizada uma reflexão acerca dos modos de alienação que operam a partir desses discursos. Em contrapartida, a Psicanálise propõe saídas que possibilitam a emergência de um sujeito.
O pagamento na clínica com crianças ou sobre a noção de responsabilidade em psicanálise
Authors: Fernandes Cláudia Mascarenhas
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a especificidade da noção de pagamento na clínica psicanalítica com crianças. Nessa realidade o dinheiro para a criança e para os pais é lugar de pertinência e envolve duas dialéticas: o sujeito tem a responsabilidade em relação a sua própria posição de sujeito determinado no discurso de quem fala, sejam os pais, seja a criança, além do fato de o pagamento ser realizado pelos pais. Responsabilizar-se pela causalidade, no caso das crianças, é permitir a aparição do sujeito em suas intermitências e reenviar a transferência à filiação parental, como exposto no caso clínico discutido neste trabalho.
De A-Criança ao real infantil: reflexões psicanalíticas acerca da infância
Authors: Passone Eric Ferdinando Kanai
Published: July 2016

A partir da indagação conceitual própria da psicanálise no campo da educação, este trabalho apresenta elementos para pensarmos o infantil em nossas práticas cotidianas com as crianças e adolescentes. Nesse sentido, questionam-se os discursos científicos que produzem uma noção universal, atemporal e ideal de infância, na medida em que tal idealização comporta a recusa do adulto em relação ao seu dever à formação dos mais novos. Destaca-se o estatuto do sujeito do desejo e as possíveis posições que a criança assume junto à demanda do adulto.
A clínica de família: interrogações sobre o traumático, a dinâmica vincular e a violência como organizadores do grupo familiar
Authors: Gomes Layla Raquel Silva , Neves Anamaria Silva
Published: July 2016

Este artigo baseia-se na teoria psicanalítica e desenvolve a construção de um caso clínico com ênfase na violência intrafamiliar. A Clínica de Família evidencia conteúdos organizadores da dinâmica familiar, que fazem retornar os afetos na forma de repetição de cenas traumáticas. A telescopagem familiar é acessada no tempo cronológico e se torna emblemática dos vínculos violentos estruturantes. O sujeito família equilibra-se entre o acontecimento traumático que marca sua história e as possibilidades criativas de reinventar a narrativa. Os sentidos adquiridos na fantasia e na nomeação dos conteúdos traumáticos vão sendo recuperados e uma nova subjetividade pode ser desenhada no campo transferencial.
Sofrimento nos laços pais-filhos: práticas educativas fundadas na mentalização na proteção da infância
Authors: Terradas Miguel M. , Achim Julie
Published: July 2016

A maioria das crianças e dos adolescentes que vivem sob a proteção da juventude viveram traumas complexos ligados à negligência, aos maus tratos e às diversas formas de abusos. Sugerimos que esses jovens, bem como seus pais, apresentam dificuldades quanto à capacidade de mentalização e demonstram um funcionamento psíquico característico dos modos de pensar pré-mentalizantes. Este artigo apresenta a operacionalização dos diferentes modos de pensar (teleológico, de equivalência psíquica e fictício). São apresentados os princípios subjacentes a um programa de intervenção baseado na mentalização que poderão ser utilizados pelos educadores que trabalham com crianças e adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade.
A creche e o brincar: Alternativas para a educação no primeiro ano de vida
Authors: Bernardino Leda Fischer , Kamers Michele
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho refere-se a um estudo comparativo da constituição subjetiva (aspecto estrutural) e do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (aspecto instrumental) de dois grupos de bebês de 0 a 1 ano que freqüentam creches (grupo experimental) e que permanecem junto a suas mães (grupo controle). A partir dos resultados encontrados, são propostas algumas alternativas para a educação no primeiro ano de vida, principalmente no que se refere ao brincar no contexto da creche e suas implicações na constituição do sujeito
Amar, cuidar, subjetivar: _ implicações na primeira infância
Authors: Baptista Valéria Ferranti
Published: July 2016

A partir do momento que a criança ganha estatuto de valor mercantil, sua conservação se tornou um imperativo e para tal um grande mal deveria ser combatido: a alta taxa de mortalidade infantil, que caracterizava o Antigo Regime. Por meio da orientação dos homens esclarecidos, a promoção da educação dos bebês entra em cena e para protagonizar este novo capítulo na história da infância a figura da mãe é convocada. Sua missão é cuidar da cria, não pela obrigação moral, mas sim pelo amor. Desde então há uma conjunção entre cuidar, amar e educar. Por meio do ensino de Lacan, é possível realizar um disjunção destes termos e refletir em sua implicação na prática educativa com a primeira infância
O Potencial Teórico do Conceito de Midiatização e os Estudos sobre Classes Sociais na Comunicação
Authors: Grohmann Rafael , Mauro Rosana
Published: July 2016

O texto busca compreender como o conceito de midiatização tem sido abordado em suas diferentes tradições de estudo e discutir o seu potencial teórico para estudar as classes sociais na Comunicação. Para tanto, discutimos: a) as classes sociais como tema da comunicação; b) as diferentes abordagens do conceito de midiatização; c) as relações entre os conceitos de midiatização e mediação, procurando mostrar o que significa estudar as classes sociais a partir de cada conceito.
Ritos Digitais, Táticas e Finitude: Confrontando a Morte no Facebook
Authors: Mello Carlos Affonso
Published: July 2016

Expressão da sociedade global contemporânea, a tecnologia cada vez mais se apresenta como um fenômeno que coloca em questão a condição humana. A ambiência virtual é um local de novas trocas simbólicas e de atualização de tradicionais práticas humanas, como a comunicação. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tentará descrever e analisar o que estaria por trás de uma experiência cada vez mais comum nas páginas do Facebook, a saber, a de deixar mensagens e registros nos perfis de amigos e/ou conhecidos já falecidos. Pretendemos demonstrar que esse tipo de comportamento pode ser compreendido não somente como resultado de um trabalho de luto, mas também como uma subversão do princípio utilitário de uma rede social digital, pensada enquanto uma ferramenta de comunicação.
Fan-Tagonismo Nas Redes Sociais: Controvérsias Entre Fãs Da Novela Sete Vidas
Authors: Lima Cecília Almeida Rodrigues
Published: July 2016

Este artigo analisa os conflitos constitutivos de comunidades de fãs, em suas disputas por domínio discursivo sobre um mesmo objeto midiático. Entende os grupos de fãs não como comunidades fechadas e coerentes, mas como espaços de embates e antagonismo que se manifestam na forma de controvérsias, disputas e discussões. Traz como objeto de análise a telenovela Sete Vidas, exibida em 2015 pela Rede Globo de Televisão. O folhetim em seus capítulos finais provocou a divisão dos fãs em dois grupos de shippers (#PeJu e #JuLipe) que disputaram até o último momento para defender sua hipótese, se utilizando de diversos argumentos para tentar vencer a disputa. Tais grupos se utilizaram do Twitter e da própria Fan Page da Rede Globo para expressar seus argumentos, que foram categorizados e analisados enquanto topoi discursivos.
Type III Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Drives Cardiac Hypertrophy Through β-Arrestin2–Dependent Activation of Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II
Authors: Lou Jie , Zhao Dan , Zhang Ling-Ling , Song Shu-Ying , Li Yan-Chao , Sun Fei , Ding Xiao-Qing , Yu Chang-Jiang , Li Yuan-Yuan , Liu Mei-Tong , Dong Chang-Jiang , Ji Yong , Li Hongliang , Chu Wenfeng , Zhang Zhi-Ren
Published: July 2016

The role of type III transforming growth factor-β receptor (TβRIII) in the pathogenesis of heart diseases remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated the functional role and molecular mechanisms of TβRIII in the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Western blot and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the expression of TβRIII was significantly elevated in human cardiac hypertrophic samples. Consistently, TβRIII expression was substantially increased in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)– and isoproterenol-induced mouse cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Overexpression of TβRIII resulted in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, whereas isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was greatly attenuated by knockdown of TβRIII in vitro. Cardiac-specific transgenic expression of TβRIII independently led to cardiac hypertrophy in mice, which was further aggravated by isoproterenol and TAC treatment. Cardiac contractile function of the mice was not altered in TβRIII transgenic mice; however, TAC led to significantly decreased cardiac contractile function in TβRIII transgenic mice compared with control mice. Conversely, isoproterenol- and TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and TAC-induced cardiac contractile function impairment were partially reversed by suppression of TβRIII in vivo. Our data suggest that TβRIII mediates stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy through activation of Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, which requires a physical interaction of β-arrestin2 with both TβRIII and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Our findings indicate that stress-induced increase in TβRIII expression results in cardiac hypertrophy through β-arrestin2–dependent activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and that transforming growth factor-β and β-adrenergic receptor signaling are not involved in spontaneous cardiac hypertrophy in cardiac-specific transgenic expression of TβRIII mice. Our findings may provide a novel target for control of myocardial hypertrophy.
Renal Nerve Stimulation–Induced Blood Pressure Changes Predict Ambulatory Blood Pressure Response After Renal Denervation
Authors: de Jong Mark R. , Adiyaman Ahmet , Gal Pim , Smit Jaap Jan J. , Delnoy Peter Paul H.M. , Heeg Jan-Evert , van Hasselt Boudewijn A.A.M. , Lau Elizabeth O.Y. , Persu Alexandre , Staessen Jan A. , Ramdat Misier Anand R. , Steinberg Jonathan S. , Elvan Arif
Published: July 2016

Blood pressure (BP) response to renal denervation (RDN) is highly variable and its effectiveness debated. A procedural end point for RDN may improve consistency of response. The objective of the current analysis was to look for the association between renal nerve stimulation (RNS)–induced BP increase before and after RDN and changes in ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) after RDN. Fourteen patients with drug-resistant hypertension referred for RDN were included. RNS was performed under general anesthesia at 4 sites in the right and left renal arteries, both before and immediately after RDN. RNS-induced BP changes were monitored and correlated to changes in ambulatory BP at a follow-up of 3 to 6 months after RDN. RNS resulted in a systolic BP increase of 50±27 mm Hg before RDN and systolic BP increase of 13±16 mm Hg after RDN (
P
<0.001). Average systolic ABPM was 153±11 mm Hg before RDN and decreased to 137±10 mm Hg at 3- to 6-month follow-up (
P
=0.003). Changes in RNS-induced BP increase before versus immediately after RDN and changes in ABPM before versus 3 to 6 months after RDN were correlated, both for systolic BP (
R
=0.77,
P
=0.001) and diastolic BP (
R
=0.79,
P
=0.001). RNS-induced maximum BP increase before RDN had a correlation of
R
=0.61 (
P
=0.020) for systolic and
R
=0.71 (
P
=0.004) for diastolic ABPM changes. RNS-induced BP changes before versus after RDN were correlated with changes in 24-hour ABPM 3 to 6 months after RDN. RNS should be tested as an acute end point to assess the efficacy of RDN and predict BP response to RDN.
Maternal Administration of Sildenafil Citrate Alters Fetal and Placental Growth and Fetal–Placental Vascular Resistance in the Growth-Restricted Ovine Fetus
Authors: Oyston Charlotte , Stanley Joanna L. , Oliver Mark H. , Bloomfield Frank H. , Baker Philip N.
Published: July 2016

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) causes short- and long-term morbidity. Reduced placental perfusion is an important pathogenic component of IUGR; substances that enhance vasodilation in the uterine circulation, such as sildenafil citrate (sildenafil), may improve placental blood flow and fetal growth. This study aimed to examine the effects of sildenafil in the growth-restricted ovine fetus. Ewes carrying singleton pregnancies underwent insertion of vascular catheters, and then, they were randomized to receive uterine artery embolization (IUGR) or to a control group. Ewes in the IUGR group received a daily infusion of sildenafil (IUGR+SC; n=10) or vehicle (IUGR+V; n=8) for 21 days. The control group received no treatment (n=9). Umbilical artery blood flow was measured using Doppler ultrasound and the resistive index (RI) calculated. Fetal weight, biometry, and placental weight were obtained at postmortem after treatment completion. Umbilical artery RI in IUGR+V fell less than in controls; the RI of IUGR+SC was intermediate to that of the other 2 groups (mean±SEM for control versus IUGR+V versus IUGR+SC: ∆RI, 0.09±0.03 versus −0.01±0.02 versus 0.03±0.02;
F
(2, 22)=4.21;
P
=0.03). Compared with controls, lamb and placental weights were reduced in IUGR+V but not in IUGR+SC (control versus IUGR+V versus IUGR+SC: fetal weight, 4381±247 versus 3447±235 versus 3687±129 g;
F
(2, 24)=5.49;
P
=0.01 and placental weight: 559.7±35.0 versus 376.2±32.5 versus 475.2±42.5 g;
F
(2, 24)=4.64;
P
=0.01). Sildenafil may be a useful adjunct in the management of IUGR. An increase in placental weight and fall in fetal–placental resistance suggests that changes to growth are at least partly mediated by changes to placental growth rather than alterations in placental efficiency.
Trends in Antihypertensive Medication Discontinuation and Low Adherence Among Medicare Beneficiaries Initiating Treatment From 2007 to 2012
Authors: Tajeu Gabriel S. , Kent Shia T. , Kronish Ian M. , Huang Lei , Krousel-Wood Marie , Bress Adam P. , Shimbo Daichi , Muntner Paul
Published: July 2016

Low antihypertensive medication adherence is common. During recent years, the impact of low medication adherence on increased morbidity and healthcare costs has become more recognized, leading to interventions aimed at improving adherence. We analyzed a 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries initiating antihypertensive medication between 2007 and 2012 to assess whether reductions occurred in discontinuation and low adherence. Discontinuation was defined as having no days of antihypertensive medication supply for the final 90 days of the 365 days after initiation. Low adherence was defined as having a proportion of days covered <80% during the 365 days after initiation among beneficiaries who did not discontinue treatment. Between 2007 and 2012, 41 135 Medicare beneficiaries in the 5% sample initiated antihypertensive medication. Discontinuation was stable during the study period (21.0% in 2007 and 21.3% in 2012;
P
-trend=0.451). Low adherence decreased from 37.4% in 2007 to 31.7% in 2012 (
P
-trend<0.001). After multivariable adjustment, the relative risk of low adherence for beneficiaries initiating treatment in 2012 versus in 2007 was 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.92). Low adherence was more common among racial/ethnic minorities, beneficiaries with Medicaid buy-in (an indicator of low income), and those with polypharmacy, and was less common among females, beneficiaries initiating antihypertensive medication with multiple classes or a 90-day prescription fill, with dementia, a history of stroke, and those who reached the Medicare Part D coverage gap in the previous year. In conclusion, low adherence to antihypertensive medication has decreased among Medicare beneficiaries; however, rates of discontinuation and low adherence remain high.
Regional Fat Distribution and Blood Pressure Level and Variability
Authors: Yano Yuichiro , Vongpatanasin Wanpen , Ayers Colby , Turer Aslan , Chandra Alvin , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Greenland Philip , de Lemos James A. , Neeland Ian J.
Published: July 2016

Our aim was to investigate the associations of regional fat distribution with home and office blood pressure (BP) levels and variability. Participants in the Dallas Heart Study, a multiethnic cohort, underwent 5 BP measurements on 3 occasions during 5 months (2 in home and 1 in office) and quantification of visceral adipose tissue, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and liver fat by magnetic resonance imaging, and lower body subcutaneous fat by dual x-ray absorptiometry. The relation of regional adiposity with short-term (within-visit) and long-term (overall visits) mean BP and average real variability was assessed with multivariable linear regression. We have included 2595 participants with a mean age of 44 years (54% women; 48% black), and mean body mass index was 29 kg/m
2
. Mean systolic BP/diastolic BP was 127/79 mm Hg and average real variability systolic BP was 9.8 mm Hg during 3 visits. In multivariable-adjusted models, higher amount of visceral adipose tissue was associated with higher short-term (both home and office) and long-term mean systolic BP (β[SE]: 1.9[0.5], 2.7[0.5], and 2.1[0.5], respectively; all
P
<0.001) and with lower long-term average real variability systolic BP (β[SE]: −0.5[0.2];
P
<0.05). In contrast, lower body fat was associated with lower short-term home and long-term mean BP (β[SE]: −0.30[0.13] and −0.24[0.1], respectively; both
P
<0.05). Neither subcutaneous adipose tissue or liver fat was associated with BP levels or variability. In conclusion, excess visceral fat was associated with persistently higher short- and long-term mean BP levels and with lower long-term BP variability, whereas lower body fat was associated with lower short- and long-term mean BP. Persistently elevated BP, coupled with lower variability, may partially explain increased risk for cardiac hypertrophy and failure related to visceral adiposity.
Genetic Abrogation of Adenosine A
3
Receptor Prevents Uninephrectomy and High Salt–Induced Hypertension
Authors: Yang Ting , Zollbrecht Christa , Winerdal Malin E. , Zhuge Zhengbing , Zhang Xing‐Mei , Terrando Niccolo , Checa Antonio , Sällström Johan , Wheelock Craig E. , Winqvist Ola , Harris Robert A. , Larsson Erik , Persson A. Erik G. , Fredholm Bertil B. , Carlström Mattias
Published: July 2016

Background

Early‐life reduction in nephron number (uninephrectomy [
UNX]
) and chronic high salt (
HS
) intake increase the risk of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Adenosine signaling via its different receptors has been implicated in modulating renal, cardiovascular, and metabolic functions as well as inflammatory processes; however, the specific role of the A
3
receptor in cardiovascular diseases is not clear. In this study, gene‐modified mice were used to investigate the hypothesis that lack of A
3
signaling prevents the development of hypertension and attenuates renal and cardiovascular injuries following UNX in combination with HS (
UNX
‐
HS
) in mice.

Methods and Results

Wild‐type (A
3
+/+
) mice subjected to
UNX
‐
HS
developed hypertension compared with controls (mean arterial pressure 106±3 versus 82±3 mm Hg;
P
<0.05) and displayed an impaired metabolic phenotype (eg, increased adiposity, reduced glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia). These changes were associated with both cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis together with renal injuries and proteinuria. All of these pathological hallmarks were significantly attenuated in the A
3
−/−
mice. Mechanistically, absence of A
3
receptors protected from
UNX
‐
HS
–associated increase in renal
NADPH
oxidase activity and Nox2 expression. In addition, circulating cytokines including interleukins 1β, 6, 12, and 10 were increased in A
3
+/+
following
UNX
‐
HS
, but these cytokines were already elevated in naïve A
3
−/−
mice and did not change following
UNX
‐
HS
.

Conclusions

Reduction in nephron number combined with chronic
HS
intake is associated with oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and development of hypertension in mice. Absence of adenosine A
3
receptor signaling was strongly protective in this novel mouse model of renal and cardiovascular disease.
Public Accountability for Private International Financing of Natural Resource Development Projects: The un Rule of Law Initiative and the Equator Principles
Authors: Ong David M.
Published: July 2016

A striking feature of public international financing for natural resource development projects in developing economies is the introduction of public accountability mechanisms to ensure that these projects comply with social and environmental principles and standards. As the public international financing of such projects gives way to private international finance, this article will examine whether similar accountability mechanisms have been developed for this type of private international financing for such projects. Within this context, the third iteration of the Equator Principles has recently been adopted by a growing number of private international finance institutions in the ‘project finance’ field. By comparing these public and private accountability mechanisms, with reference to the un’s ‘rule of law’ initiative, this article will assess whether there has been adequate replication of public accountability standards in the movement from public to private international financing of natural resource projects, especially within developing economies.
Cis regius, a new species of Cis Latreille (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from Southern Africa
Authors: ORSETTI ARTUR , LOPES-ANDRADE CRISTIANO
Published: July 2016

Cis Latreille is the most diverse genus of Ciidae with 350 species and a worldwide distribution (Oliveira et al. 2013). It houses more than a half of the described ciid species, but the available phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data suggest that Cis is polyphyletic (Buder et al. 2008; Lopes-Andrade & Grebennikov 2015). Currently, there is no thoroughly accepted subgeneric classification for Cis and parts of the species are organized into artificial species-groups (Lawrence 1971; Lopes-Andrade et al. 2003; Lopes-Andrade 2008; Oliveira et al. 2013).
Taxonomy of Atopsyche Banks (Trichoptera: Hydrobiosidae) from Brazil: New species, distributional notes and identification key
Authors: GOMES VICTOR , CALOR ADOLFO RICARDO
Published: July 2016

Three new species of Atopsyche Banks 1905 are described and illustrated from Brazil: Atopsyche diamantina n. sp., A. kamakan n. sp., and A. muelleri n. sp. New records of A. apurimac Schmid 1989, A. sanctipauli Flint 1974, A. serica Ross 1953, and A. zernyi Flint 1974 are included, as well as the first records to states of Bahia, Goiás, and Rio Grande do Sul. Atopsche rinconi Holzenthal & Cressa 2002 is recorded from Brazil for the first time. An identification key is also provided for species of the genus from Brazil. Moreover additional characters and illustrations of A. sanctipauli and A. zernyi are presented.
Two new species of Eneopterinae crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) from Luzon, Philippines
Authors: BAROGA JESSICA B. , YAP SHERYL A. , ROBILLARD TONY
Published: July 2016

Luzon Island is considered as the largest island in the Philippines and is characterized by a considerable biodiversity encompassing many endemic plant and animal species. In this paper, two new species of Eneopterinae crickets: (1) Lebinthus polillensis n. sp., and (2) Paranisitra septentria n. sp. are described and an updated key to the Philippines species of the subfamily Eneopterinae is provided.
Description of Cryptaphelenchus iranicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae) recovered from bark samples of Pinus nigra from Iran
Authors: ESMAEILI MEHRAB , HEYDARI RAMIN , TAHERI ZAHRA MAJD , FANG YIWU , LI HONGMEI
Published: July 2016

Cryptaphelenchus iranicus n. sp., recovered from bark and wood samples of a weakened Pinus nigra in Kermanshah Province, western Iran, is described. The new species has females with body length of 250–330 µm and males 230–275 µm long, lip region set-off from body contour, 7–8 μm long stylet with small basal swellings, excretory pore located at 1.5–2.0 body diam. posterior to median bulb, post-vulval uterine sac short, 7–10 µm long and conical female posterior body end (tail) ending to a pointed tip. Males of the new species have seven (1+2+2+2) caudal papillae and a short mucro at tail tip. Based on morphological characters, the new species is close to C. cirrus, C. latus and C. leptocaudus. Phylogenetic analyses using the D2/D3 fragment of 28S rDNA show the new species forming a clade with other Cryptaphelenchus species with maximal (1.00) Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) in Bayesian inference and 100% bootstrap value (BS) in the maximum likelihood method. The Cryptaphelenchus clade forms a monophyletic group with members of subfamily Ektaphelenchinae.
Warning: potential problems for taxonomy on the horizon?
Authors: CIANFERONI FABIO , BARTOLOZZI LUCA
Published: July 2016

Whether or not a species might reasonably be described without the preservation of a type specimen is a matter of ongoing discussion among taxonomists (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Minteer et al. 2014; Krell & Wheeler 2014; Löbl et al. 2016; Marshall & Evenhuis 2016; Santos et al. 2016). Here, we attempt to make our own contribution to the topic.
A Situation-Based Analysis of Flash Flood Fatalities in the United States
Authors: Terti Galateia , Ruin Isabelle , Anquetin Sandrine , Gourley Jonathan J.
Published: July 2016

This paper investigates the circumstances of 1,075 fatalities from flash flooding recorded from 1996 to 2014 across the United States. This study provides insights into the situations of the fatality events as determined by the victims’ profile and activity and the spatiotemporal context of the flooding. A reclassification of the individual fatality circumstance (i.e., location and/or activity) is performed to explore statistically the timing, the duration, and location of the flash flood event and the age and gender of the victims. In agreement with other studies, more than 60% of the reported fatalities were related to vehicles involving mainly males. A geospatial analysis indicated these were most common in southern states. Further, 21% of fatalities occurred outdoors, typically in neighborhoods near streams, where the victims were exhibiting high-risk-taking behavior, such as cleaning out drains and even playing in the floodwaters. Human vulnerability varies dynamically on a subdaily basis and depends on social and natural factors of the flash flood. For example, most campsite-related fatalities were associated with very fast-responding flash flood events (less than 5-h duration), occurred more commonly after midnight, and impacted younger females and males alike. On the other hand, fatalities related to inundation of permanent buildings were most commonly associated with longer-duration events and impacted the elderly. Situational rather than generic examination of vulnerability is required to realistically capture risky cases during short-fuse flood events.

The circumstances in which people perished in flash floods suggest that situational rather than generic examination of vulnerability is required to realistically capture risky cases during short-fuse flood events.
The HMT Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor Hydro Experiment
Authors: Martinaitis Steven M. , Gourley Jonathan J. , Flamig Zachary L. , Argyle Elizabeth M. , Clark Robert A. , Arthur Ami , Smith Brandon R. , Erlingis Jessica M. , Perfater Sarah , Albright Benjamin
Published: July 2016

There are numerous challenges with the forecasting and detection of flash floods, one of the deadliest weather phenomena in the United States. Statistical metrics of flash flood warnings over recent years depict a generally stagnant warning performance, while regional flash flood guidance utilized in warning operations was shown to have low skill scores. The Hydrometeorological Testbed—Hydrology (HMT-Hydro) experiment was created to allow operational forecasters to assess emerging products and techniques designed to improve the prediction and warning of flash flooding. Scientific goals of the HMT-Hydro experiment included the evaluation of gridded products from the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) and Flooded Locations and Simulated Hydrographs (FLASH) product suites, including the experimental Coupled Routing and Excess Storage (CREST) model, the application of user-defined probabilistic forecasts in experimental flash flood watches and warnings, and the utility of the Hazard Services software interface with flash flood recommenders in real-time experimental warning operations. The HMT-Hydro experiment ran in collaboration with the Flash Flood and Intense Rainfall (FFaIR) experiment at the Weather Prediction Center to simulate the real-time workflow between a national center and a local forecast office, as well as to facilitate discussions on the challenges of short-term flash flood forecasting. Results from the HMT-Hydro experiment highlighted the utility of MRMS and FLASH products in identifying the spatial coverage and magnitude of flash flooding, while evaluating the perception and reliability of probabilistic forecasts in flash flood watches and warnings.

NSSL scientists and NWS forecasters evaluate new tools and techniques through real-time test bed operations for the improvement of flash flood detection and warning operations.
A Numerical Investigation of Cumulus Thermals
Authors: Hernandez-Deckers Daniel , Sherwood Steven C.
Published: July 2016

Although the steady, entraining, updraft plume is widely taken as the foundational concept of cumulus convection, past studies show that convection is typically dominated by thermals that are transient, more isotropic in shape, and possess interior vortical circulations. Here, several thousand such thermals are tracked in cloud-resolving simulations of transient growing convective events. Most tracked thermals are small (with radius R < 300 m), ascend at moderate rates (~ 2–4 m s−1), maintain an approximately constant size as they rise, and have brief (4–5 min) lifetimes, although a few are much larger, faster, and/or longer lived. They show slight vertical elongation, but few, if any, would be described as plumes. As convection deepens, thermals originate higher up, are larger, and rise faster, although radius and ascent rate are only weakly correlated among individual thermals. The main force opposing buoyancy is a nonhydrostatic pressure drag, not mixing of momentum. This drag can be expressed in terms of a drag coefficient cd that decreases as convection intensifies: deep convective thermals are less damped, with cd ~ 0.2, while shallow convective thermals are more damped, with cd ~ 0.6. The expected dependence of cd based on theoretical form and wave drag coefficients for a solid sphere is inconsistent with these results, since it predicts the opposite dependence on the Froude number. Thus, a theory for drag on cumulus thermals is not straightforward. Overall, it is argued that thermals are a more realistic prototype for atmospheric deep convection than plumes, at least for the less organized convection types simulated here.
Seasonal and Interannual Variations of the Energy Flux Equator and ITCZ. Part II: Zonally Varying Shifts of the ITCZ
Authors: Adam Ori , Bischoff Tobias , Schneider Tapio
Published: July 2016

The ITCZ lies at the ascending branch of the tropical meridional overturning circulation, where near-surface meridional mass fluxes vanish. Near the ITCZ, column-integrated energy fluxes vanish, forming an atmospheric energy flux equator (EFE). This paper extends existing approximations relating the ITCZ position and EFE to the atmospheric energy budget by allowing for zonal variations. The resulting relations are tested using reanalysis data for 1979–2014. The zonally varying EFE is found as the latitude where the meridional component of the divergent atmospheric energy transport (AET) vanishes. A Taylor expansion of the AET around the equator relates the ITCZ position to derivatives of the AET. To a first order, the ITCZ position is proportional to the divergent AET across the equator; it is inversely proportional to the local atmospheric net energy input (NEI) that consists of the net energy fluxes at the surface, at the top of the atmosphere, and zonally across longitudes. The first-order approximation captures the seasonal migrations of the ITCZ in the African, Asian, and Atlantic sectors. In the eastern Pacific, a third-order approximation captures the bifurcation from single- to double-ITCZ states that occurs during boreal spring. In contrast to linear EFE theory, during boreal winter in the eastern Pacific, northward cross-equatorial AET goes along with an ITCZ north of the equator. EFE and ITCZ variations driven by ENSO are characterized by an equatorward (poleward) shift in the Pacific during El Niño (La Niña) episodes, which are associated with variations in equatorial ocean energy uptake.
Eddy Trains and Striations in Quasigeostrophic Simulations and the Ocean
Authors: Chen Changheng , Kamenkovich Igor , Berloff Pavel
Published: July 2016

This study explores the relationship between coherent eddies and zonally elongated striations. The investigation involves an analysis of two baroclinic quasigeostrophic models of a zonal and double-gyre flow and a set of altimetry sea level anomaly data in the North Pacific. Striations are defined by either spatiotemporal filtering or empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs), with both approaches leading to consistent results. Coherent eddies, identified here by the modified Okubo–Weiss parameter, tend to propagate along well-defined paths, thus forming “eddy trains” that coincide with striations. The striations and eddy trains tend to drift away from the intergyre boundary at the same speed in both the model and observations. The EOF analysis further confirms that these striations in model simulations and altimetry are not an artifact of temporal averaging of random, spatially uncorrelated vortices. This study suggests instead that eddies organize into eddy trains, which manifest themselves as striations in low-pass filtered data and EOF modes.
Tsunami Warning Message Interpretation and Sense Making: Focus Group Insights
Authors: Sutton Jeannette , Woods Chelsea
Published: July 2016

Hazard warning messages are intended to shift people from a sense of safety to a sense of risk, while providing guidance for protective action. Message features, such as the content elements that are included and the style in which a message is written or delivered, can strengthen or weaken a recipient’s ability to make sense of and act on the message. Under conditions of heightened uncertainty or imminent threat the strategies that people apply to interpret warning messages may make a difference in the protective actions that they choose to take. Importantly, when a hazard is unfamiliar and the threat is imminent, adequate mental models and clearly articulated messages become vital to one’s ability to make decisions about life safety. To better understand the message interpretation and the effects of message sense making on individual risk information processing, this article assesses warnings for an infrequently experienced threat: tsunamis. Using data from four focus groups this research finds that individuals engage in interpretive sense making activities by making comparisons to media accounts of tsunamis and drawing from personal experience with waves and with warnings for other hazards, particularly tornadoes. The analysis presents three primary insights: 1) hazard warning messages must be designed for the end user in mind, including those who are unfamiliar with the hazard; 2) clear and specific information helps to personalize the threat and to reduce anxiety; and 3) message receivers draw from personal and vicarious experiences to assist in message sense making, highlighting the need for consistent language across hazard warnings.
The Contribution of Biomechanical-Biological Interactions of the Spine to Low Back Pain
Authors: Marras William S. , Walter Benjamin A. , Purmessur Devina , Mageswaran Prasath , Wiet Matthew G.
Published: July 2016

Objective:

The objective of this mini-review is to examine a subset of literature that demonstrates multiple interactions between mechanics and biology within the spine and propose how incorporation of these mechano-biologic interactions can be applied to improve the conceptual understanding of tissue tolerances.

Background:

Low back pain represents a major musculoskeletal problem in the workplace. Traditional biomechanical assessments have employed tissue tolerances as an approach for reducing workplace injuries; however, development of more universal biologically sensitive tolerances requires incorporation of mechano-biologic interactions.

Methods:

A focused literature review addressing the interactions between mechanical loading and biology in the spine.

Results:

Mechanical loads applied to the body are distributed across all spatial scales from the body to the tissues to the cells. These mechanical loads regulate cellular metabolism and over time can lead to tissue strengthening or weakening. Mechanical loading also interacts with the biologic environment (e.g., tissue inflammation, nerve sensitization) to influence the perception of pain, thereby changing the risk of experiencing pain. Biologic tissues also exhibit time-dependent changes in mechanical behaviors that occur throughout the day and with disease, suggesting tissue tolerances are time dependent.

Conclusion:

Incorporating mechano-biologic interactions into the traditional tissue tolerance paradigm through describing tissue tolerances as a function of multiple factors (e.g., preexisting risk factors, underlying pathology, and time) may lead to the development of tissue tolerances that are more representative of the in vivo situation.

Application:

Efforts must work toward incorporating biological concepts into tissue tolerances in order to improve risk assessment tools.
Disenfranchising the Enfranchised
Authors: King Bridgett A. , Erickson Laura
Published: July 2016

Felony disenfranchisement is the removal of the right to vote following a felony conviction. Although it is clear that felony disenfranchisement constitutes diminished political capacity for citizens with felony convictions, what is not clear is the extent to which disenfranchisement reduces participation among those who are eligible to vote; particularly among African Americans who are overrepresented in the disenfranchised citizen population. In assessing the relationship between felony disenfranchisement policy and political participation, scholars have argued that socialization is the primary mechanism linking felony disenfranchisement to the political behavior of voting eligible citizens, finding that in the most policy severe states, turnout is lower. However, what the policy-severity-based perspective fails to acknowledge is changes to disenfranchisement policy that affect the restoration of civil rights; changes that often occur without affecting the severity of felony disenfranchisement policy while dramatically changing the size of the disenfranchised population in a given state. Given the role of socialization in the transmission of participatory norms, assessing the impact of disenfranchisement requires using measures that take into consideration both severity and restoration. Utilizing estimates of state-level disenfranchisement and African American disenfranchisement from the 2004 presidential election, this analysis investigates the relationship between disenfranchisement and African American voter turnout. The findings suggest that African American disenfranchisement plays a unique role in predicting African American voter turnout and lend themselves to the need to further consider the community and neighborhood effects of disenfranchisement on political participation and civic engagement.