bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in Hong Kong with Consideration of Spatio-Temporal Consistency
Authors: Qiu Agen , Wang Qinglian , Chen Yajun , Tao Kunwang , Peng Xiangyu , He Wangjun , Gao Lifeng , Geli OU’er , Zhang Fuhao
Published: November 2024

Landslide susceptibility is crucial for assessing the probability and severity of landslide disasters in a region. Previous studies have focused on static landslide susceptibility, using landslide assessment factor data from varying years, making it difficult to estimate spatio-temporal consistency and resulting in low prediction accuracy. Taking Hong Kong, China, as the study region, this study proposes a framework to estimate spatio-temporally consistent landslide susceptibility. The landslide assessment factors are divided into static and dynamic factors, with a temporal resolution of 5 years. Specifically, the dynamic assessment of landslide susceptibility is conducted for the periods 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, and 2015–2019, covering a total span from 2000 to 2019. Results show that the accuracy of the proposed model, defined as the proportion of correctly classified samples relative to the total number of samples, exceeds 0.7 across these four time periods. Both the F1-Score and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicate that the proposed research framework exhibits good accuracy and practicality in susceptibility assessment. The proposed framework could capture temporal variations in landslide occurrence, allowing for a more accurate prediction of landslide susceptibility. The findings provide valuable insights for landslide disaster prevention and mitigation in Hong Kong and would also be applicable in other countries or regions.
Ocean Acidification and Sea Temperature Rise Affect the Queen Scallop Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Captivity
Authors: Kovačić Ines , Burić Petra , Iveša Neven , Panić Anamarija , Kolić Valentina , Žunec Ante , Frece Jadranka , Štifanić Mauro
Published: November 2024

Climate change poses risks to bivalves; thus, searching for resilient alternative species is crucial for sustainable fisheries. This study examines the impact of reduced pH and elevated temperature and their combined effects on the queen scallop Aequipecten opercularis in captivity. The results indicated that a low pH reduced its growth rates in both weight (0.03 ± 0.05 g/day) and length (0.06 ± 0.16 mm/day), as well as leading to decreases in meat yield (20.75 ± 2.75%) and the condition index (44.21 ± 7.19%). Conversely, elevated temperature resulted in an increased growth in length (0.07 ± 0.23 g/day), meat yield (21.57 ± 4.82%), and condition index (45.42 ± 7.35%). Combined stressors initially promoted growth but ultimately produced unsustainable outcomes, resulting in a reduced meat yield (18.28 ± 2.60%) and condition index (38.92 ± 8.23%), along with a peak mortality rate of 27%. These findings indicate that while A. opercularis can withstand individual stressors, exposure to simultaneous stressors may compromise its long-term viability in aquaculture systems.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Trace Element Deposition in Urban Thessaloniki: A Syntrichia Moss Biomonitoring Study
Authors: Sfetsas Themistoklis , Ghoghoberidze Sopio , Karnoutsos Panagiotis , Tziakas Vassilis , Karagiovanidis Marios , Katsantonis Dimitrios
Published: November 2024

Urban air pollution, especially from heavy metal (HM) contamination, poses significant risks to human health and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the spatial and temporal distribution of HM contamination in Thessaloniki, Greece, using Syntrichia moss as a bioindicator to inform urban environmental management strategies. Moss samples were collected from 16 locations representing diverse urban activity zones (motorway, industrial, city center, airport) in March, May, and July 2024. The concentrations of 12 HMs (Al, Sb, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, V, and Zn) were analyzed using ICP-MS, and the contamination factors were calculated relative to controlled moss samples. The results revealed significant spatial variation, with elevated levels of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn, particularly in high-traffic and industrial zones, exceeding the background levels by up to severe and extreme contamination categories. Temporal trends showed decreases in Al, Ba, and Ni from March to July 2024, while Cr and Cu increased, suggesting seasonally varying sources. Multivariate analyses further distinguished the contamination patterns, implicating traffic and industrial activities as key contributors. Syntrichia effectively captures HM contamination variability, demonstrating its value as a cost-effective bioindicator. These findings provide critical data that can guide urban planners in developing targeted pollution mitigation strategies, ensuring compliance with the European Green Deal’s Zero Pollution Action Plan.
Correction: Mariaccia et al. Impact of Polar Vortex Modes on Winter Weather Patterns in the Northern Hemisphere. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 1062
Authors: Mariaccia Alexis , Keckhut Philippe , Hauchecorne Alain
Published: November 2024

In the original publication [...]
Concrete Actions for Improving Indoor Air Quality in Korea: Advancing Public Health for Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Jeon Seongho , Lee Hyosun , Jo Kyunghee , Park Yongsung , Yoon Wonsuck , Choi Jaewook
Published: November 2024

In modern society, individuals spend an increasing amount of time indoors, emphasizing the importance of understanding the health impacts of indoor environments. This study focused on measuring indoor air quality to identify vulnerable populations and observe the effects of residential environment improvements on air quality. Targeting low-income families and elderly households, known for their heightened vulnerability to environmental health risks, the study involved direct visits to 2328 low-income households across 16 cities and provinces in South Korea from 2021 to 2022. Indoor air quality parameters, including PM2.5, PM10, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), formaldehyde (HCHO), and airborne mold, were measured. Among these households, 300 with critically compromised living conditions received support for wallpaper and paneling replacement. Comparative measurements before and after the renovations revealed that single-person households had higher levels of PM2.5 and TVOC compared with households with four or more members. Additionally, households with elevated concentrations of airborne mold also exhibited higher levels of PM2.5 and PM10. Importantly, households that received environmental improvements showed a significant reduction in airborne mold concentration by approximately 50% or more. This study underscores the importance of indoor environmental health and provides valuable evidence supporting policies focused on health promotion and residential welfare improvements for vulnerable populations. The research is distinguished by its comprehensive nature, involving direct measurements from nearly 2000 households nationwide, rather than relying solely on secondary data.
Machine Learning-Driven GLCM Analysis of Structural MRI for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Oliveira Maria João , Ribeiro Pedro , Rodrigues Pedro Miguel
Published: November 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative condition that increasingly impairs cognitive functions and daily activities. Given the incurable nature of AD and its profound impact on the elderly, early diagnosis (at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage) and intervention are crucial, focusing on delaying disease progression and improving patients’ quality of life. Methods: This work aimed to develop an automatic sMRI-based method to detect AD in three different stages, namely healthy controls (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD itself. For such a purpose, brain sMRI images from the ADNI database were pre-processed, and a set of 22 texture statistical features from the sMRI gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) were extracted from various slices within different anatomical planes. Different combinations of features and planes were used to feed classical machine learning (cML) algorithms to analyze their discrimination power between the groups. Results: The cML algorithms achieved the following classification accuracy: 85.2% for AD vs. CN, 98.5% for AD vs. MCI, 95.1% for CN vs. MCI, and 87.1% for all vs. all. Conclusions: For the pair AD vs. MCI, the proposed model outperformed state-of-the-art imaging source studies by 0.1% and non-imaging source studies by 4.6%. These results are particularly significant in the field of AD classification, opening the door to more efficient early diagnosis in real-world settings since MCI is considered a precursor to AD.
Influence of Dextran Solution and Corneal Collagen Crosslinking on Corneal Biomechanical Parameters Evaluated by Corvis ST In Vitro
Authors: Qin Xiao , Hu Bi , Guo Lili , Zhang Haixia , Li Lin , Jie Ying , Tian Lei
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To analyze the influence of dextran solution and corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) on corneal biomechanical parameters in vitro, evaluated by Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST). Materials and Methods: Forty porcine eyes were included in this study. Twenty porcine eyes were instilled with dextran solution for 30 min (10 eyes in 2% dextran solution and 10 eyes in 20% dextran solution). CXL treatment was performed in 10 porcine eyes; the other 10 porcine eyes were regarded as the control group. Each eye was fixed on an experimental inflation platform to carry out Corvis measurements at different IOPs. Corneal biomechanical parameters were calculated based on Corvis measurement. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the influence of dextran solution and CXL on corneal biomechanical parameters based on Corvis parameters. Results: The corneal energy-absorbed area (Aabsorbed) decreased after being instilled with dextran solution under IOP of 15 mmHg (p < 0.001); the elastic modulus (E) of the cornea instilled with 20% dextran solution was significantly higher than that instilled with 2% dextran solution (p < 0.001), since it decreased after being instilled with 20% dextran solution (p = 0.030); the stiffness parameter at the first applanation (SP-A1) increased after CXL (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Both dextran solution and CXL can change corneal biomechanical properties; the concentration of dextran solution can influence the corneal biomechanical properties, which may, in turn, affect the effectiveness of CXL. SP-A1 may be used as an effective parameter for the evaluation of CXL.
Developing a Virtual Model of the Rhesus Macaque Inner Ear
Authors: Matson Cayman , Castle Nicholas , Dai Chenkai
Published: November 2024

A virtual model of the rhesus macaque inner ear was created in the present study. Rhesus macaques have been valuable in cochlear research; however, their high cost prompts a need for alternative methods. Finite Element (FE) analysis offers a promising solution by enabling detailed simulations of the inner ear. This study employs FE analysis to create a virtual model of the rhesus macaque’s inner ear, reconstructed from MRI scans, to explore how cochlear implants (CIs) impact residual hearing loss. Harmonic-acoustic simulations of sound wave transmission indicate that CIs have minor effects on the displacement of the basilar membrane and thus minimally impact residual hearing loss post-implantation, but stiffening of the round window membrane worsens this effect. While the rhesus macaque FE model presented in this study shows some promise, its potential applications will require further validation through additional simulations and experimental studies.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles Are a Promising Alternative to Antibiotics for Treating Sepsis
Authors: Jiang Yu , Song Yunjuan , Zeng Qin , Jiang Bin
Published: November 2024

Sepsis is a life-threatening disease caused by the overwhelming response to pathogen infections. Currently, treatment options for sepsis are limited to broad-spectrum antibiotics and supportive care. However, the growing resistance of pathogens to common antibiotics complicates treatment efforts. Excessive immune response (i.e., cytokine storm) can persist even after the infection is cleared. This overactive inflammatory response can severely damage multiple organ systems. Given these challenges, managing the excessive immune response is critical in controlling sepsis progression. Therefore, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with their immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties, have emerged as a promising option for adjunctive therapy in treating sepsis. Moreover, MSCs exhibit a favorable safety profile, as they are eventually eliminated by the host’s immune system within several months post-administration, resulting in minimal side effects and have not been linked to common antibiotic therapy drawbacks (i.e., antibiotic resistance). This review explores the potential of MSCs as a personalized therapy for sepsis treatment, clarifying their mechanisms of action and providing up-to-date technological advancements to enhance their protective efficacy for patients suffering from sepsis and its consequences.
Influence of Bone Conditions on the Accuracy of Implant Placement
Authors: Gong Zhicheng , Shen Yuyin , Qi Shengcai , Cao Lai , Fan Xinyi , Lu Chunhui , Wang Jue
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to assess the influence of cortical bone thickness, bone density, and residual ridge morphology in the posterior mandibular area on the accuracy of implant placement using tooth-supported digital guides. The research included 75 implants from 55 patients. Each patient underwent a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan for image analysis. Simplant® Pro 17 software (SIMPLANT Pro 17.01) was utilized to measure cortical bone thickness, bone density, and residual ridge morphology at the implant sites. Subsequently, 3Shape Trios software (3Shape TRIOS Design Studio 1.7.19.0) was applied to delineate optimal implant positions and design tooth-supported surgical guides. After implant treatment, the linear and angular deviations from the planned placement were quantified. Multiple linear regression, Kruskal–Wallis test, Conover–Iman test, and Bonferroni adjustment were conducted to investigate the impact of bone characteristics on implant placement precision. The tooth-supported digital guides used in this study were sufficient to fulfill the precision criteria for implant treatment. Bone density was found to significantly influence the buccal-lingual angular deviation, mesio-distal linear deviation, and mesio-distal angular deviation (p < 0.05). Additionally, significant variances were noted in the coronal deviation, apical deviation and depth deviation in buccal-lingual orientation, coronal deviation, and apical deviation in mesio-distal orientation across various residual ridge morphologies (p < 0.05). Low bone density and S-shape morphology may affect the accuracy of implant placement using tooth-supported surgical guides.
Intelligent Evaluation Method for Scoliosis at Home Using Back Photos Captured by Mobile Phones
Authors: Li Yongsheng , Peng Xiangwei , Mao Qingyou , Ma Mingjia , Huang Jiaqi , Zhang Shuo , Dong Shaojie , Zhou Zhihui , Lan Yue , Pan Yu , Xie Ruimou , Qin Peiwu , Yuan Kehong
Published: November 2024

The traditional scoliosis examination based on X-ray film is not suitable for large-scale screening, and it is also not suitable for dynamic evaluation during rehabilitation. Therefore, based on computer vision technology, this paper puts forward an evaluation method of scoliosis with different photos of the back taken by mobile phones, which involves three aspects: first, based on the key point detection model of YOLOv8, an algorithm for judging the type of spinal coronal curvature is proposed; second, an algorithm for evaluating the coronal plane of the spine based on the key points of the human back is proposed, aiming at quantifying the deviation degree of the spine in the coronal plane; third, the measurement algorithm of trunk rotation (ATR angle) based on multi-scale automatic peak detection (AMPD) is proposed, aiming at quantifying the deviation degree of the spine in sagittal plane. The public dataset and clinical paired data (mobile phone photo and X-ray) are used to test. The results show that this method has high accuracy and effectiveness in distinguishing the type of spinal curvature and evaluating the degree of deviation, which is higher than other deep learning algorithms.
Plasmalogens in Innate Immune Cells: From Arachidonate Signaling to Ferroptosis
Authors: Balsinde Jesús , Balboa María A.
Published: November 2024

Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid are indispensable components of innate immune signaling. Plasmalogens are glycerophospholipids with a vinyl ether bond in the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone instead of the more common sn-1 ester bond present in “classical” glycerophospholipids. This kind of phospholipid is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially arachidonic acid. In addition to or independently of the role of plasmalogens as major providers of free arachidonic acid for eicosanoid synthesis, plasmalogens also perform a varied number of functions. Membrane plasmalogen levels may determine parameters of the plasma membrane, such as fluidity and the formation of microdomains that are necessary for efficient signal transduction leading to optimal phagocytosis by macrophages. Also, plasmalogens may be instrumental for the execution of ferroptosis. This is a nonapoptotic form of cell death that is associated with oxidative stress. This review discusses recent data suggesting that, beyond their involvement in the cellular metabolism of arachidonic acid, the cells maintain stable pools of plasmalogens rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids for executing specific responses.
Examining Erythrocytes as Potential Blood Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Their Relationship to Symptom Severity and Adaptive Behavior
Authors: Jasenovec Tomas , Radosinska Dominika , Belica Ivan , Raskova Barbara , Puzserova Angelika , Vrbjar Norbert , Radosinska Jana
Published: November 2024

Background: Multiple research teams have documented various abnormalities in erythrocyte properties in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with neurotypical individuals. Reduced erythrocyte deformability, a crucial factor for microcirculation and oxygen delivery, may affect brain function. Other key factors like nitric oxide (NO) and Na,K-ATPase-regulated cation transport also play roles in both erythrocyte deformability and ASD, suggesting a possible relationship between erythrocyte parameters and autism severity. Thus, this study aims to describe these associations, exploring erythrocyte properties as potential biomarkers in ASD. Methods: A total of 179 ASD children were enrolled in this study. Diagnosis was confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule—Second Edition (ADOS-2) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Third Edition (VABS-3), was used to assess adaptive behavior. RBC deformability was measured using a filtration technique, while NO production by RBCs was assessed via DAF-2DA fluorescence. Na,K-ATPase kinetics and RBC osmotic resistance were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Results: Children with more severe ASD symptoms had more impaired deformability and osmotic resistance than children with mild symptoms. Higher RBC NO production was linked to better scores in some VABS-3 subdomains, and in the social affect domain of ADOS-2. Higher affinity of Na,K-ATPase for sodium negatively correlated with the occurrence of repetitive and restricted behavior—one of the core ASD symptoms. Conclusions: This study identified potential links between ASD severity and RBC properties. While erythrocyte quality can influence ASD symptomatology, the observed relationships—such as those involving RBC deformability, NO production, Na,K-ATPase kinetics, and osmotic resistance—were not strong or consistent enough to be considered reliable diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers.
Effect of Comparable Carbon Chain Length Short- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids on Adipokine Secretion from Normoxic and Hypoxic Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Alzubi Ala , Monk Jennifer M.
Published: November 2024

Background: Microbial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates and/or protein produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), whereas branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) are produced from protein fermentation. The effects of individual SCFA and BCFA of comparable carbon chain length on adipocyte inflammation have not been investigated. Objective: To compare the effects of SCFA and BCFA on inflammatory mediator secretion in an adipocyte cell culture model designed to recapitulate obesity-associated adipocyte inflammation under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Methods: The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured (24 h) without (Control, Con) and with 1 mmol/L of SCFA (butyric acid (But) or valeric acid (Val)) or 1 mmol/L of BCFA (isobutyric acid (IsoBut) or isovaleric acid (IsoVal)) and were unstimulated (cells alone, n = 6/treatment), or stimulated with 10 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS, inflammatory stimulus, n = 8/treatment) or 10 ng/mL LPS + 100 µmol/L of the hypoxia memetic cobalt chloride (LPS/CC, inflammatory/hypoxic stimulus, n = 8/treatment). Results: Compared to Con + LPS, But + LPS reduced secreted protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1/chemokine ligand (CCL)2, MCP3/CCL7, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α/CCL3 and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES)/CCL5 and decreased intracellular protein expression of the ratio of phosphorylated to total signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) p65 (p < 0.05). Val + LPS reduced IL-6 secretion and increased MCP-1/CCL2 secretion compared to Con + LPS and exhibited a different inflammatory mediator secretory profile from But + LPS (p < 0.05), indicating that individual SCFA exert individual effects. There were no differences in the secretory profile of the BCFA IsoBut + LPS and IsoVal + LPS (p > 0.05). Alternatively, under inflammatory hypoxic conditions (LPS/CC) Val, IsoVal, and IsoBut all increased secretion of IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2 and MIP-1α/CCL3 compared to Con (p < 0.05), whereas mediator secretion did not differ between But and Con (p > 0.05), indicating that the proinflammatory effects of SCFA and BCFA was attenuated by But. Interestingly, But + LPS/CC decreased STAT3 activation versus Con + LPS/CC (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The decreased secretion of inflammatory mediators that is attributable to But highlights the fact that individual SCFA and BCFA exert differential effects on adipocyte inflammation under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
p75NTR Modulation Reduces Oxidative Stress and the Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in a Cell Model of Rett Syndrome
Authors: Varone Michela , Scavo Giuseppe , Colardo Mayra , Martella Noemi , Pensabene Daniele , Bisesto Emanuele , Del Busso Andrea , Segatto Marco
Published: November 2024

Background: Rett syndrome (RTT) is an early-onset neurological disorder primarily affecting females, leading to severe cognitive and physical disabilities. Recent studies indicate that an imbalance of redox homeostasis and exacerbated inflammatory responses are key players in the clinical manifestations of the disease. Emerging evidence highlights that the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Thus, this study is aimed at investigating the effects of p75NTR modulation by LM11A-31 on fibroblasts derived from RTT donors. Methods: RTT cells were treated with 0.1 µM of LM11A-31 for 24 h, and results were obtained using qPCR, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and Western blot techniques. Results: Our findings demonstrate that LM11A-31 reduces OS markers in RTT fibroblasts. Specifically, p75NTR modulation by LM11A-31 restores protein glutathionylation and reduces the expression of the pro-oxidant enzyme NOX4. Additionally, LM11A-31 significantly decreases the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 and interleukin-8. Additionally, LM11A-31 normalizes the expression levels of transcription factors involved in the regulation of the antioxidant response and inflammation. Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that p75NTR modulation may represent an effective therapeutic target to improve redox balance and reduce inflammation in RTT.
Tumor Suppressor miR-27a-5p and Its Significance for Breast Cancer
Authors: Parrella Paola , Barbano Raffaela , Jonas Katharina , Fontana Andrea , Barile Serena , Rendina Michelina , lo Mele Antonio , Prencipe Giuseppina , Ciuffreda Luigi , Morritti Maria Grazia , Valori Vanna Maria , Graziano Paolo , Maiello Evaristo , Copetti Massimiliano , Pichler Martin , Pasculli Barbara
Published: November 2024

Background: MicroRNAs are well established as master regulators of carcinogenesis and potential biomarkers in breast cancer (BC). In a preliminary effort, we found miR-27a-5p to be significantly downregulated in experimentally derived mammospheres and BC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) dataset. Objectives. Herein, we sought to investigate the putative involvement of miR-27a-5p in promoting a migratory phenotype of breast cancer cells, and establish whether miR-27a-5p is associated with patient clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: miR-27a-5p capability of inducing a metastasis-prone cell phenotype was analyzed in SUM159 and MDA-MB-231, both representing the triple negative BC subtype. miR-27a-5p expression profile was carried out in a cohort of 232 BC patients and normal breast tissues (NBTs) by RT-qPCR. Results: Transient miR-27a-5p inhibition did not affect cell proliferation but led to a significant increase of cell migration in knocked-down compared to control cells. Following quantification in the patient cohort, miR-27a-5p was found higher in NBTs (Median 2.28, IQR 1.50–5.40) and pre-invasive breast lesions (Median 3.32, IQR 1.68–4.32) compared to tumors. In particular, miR-27a-5p was less expressed in patients with synchronous (Median 1.03, IQR 0.83–1.58) or metachronous (Median 1.83, IQR 1.29–3.17) metastases than in patients free from metastases after a 5-year follow-up (Median 2.17, IQR 1.19–3.64), suggesting that miR-27a-5p expression is negatively correlated with breast pathology evolution (R = −0.13, p = 0.038). However, time-to-event analysis did not highlight significant associations with patient outcome in either our internal cohort or TCGA-BRCA dataset. Conclusions: Our study suggests a potential role of miR-27a-5p as tumor suppressor miRNA in breast cancer. Further investigations may help define its biomarker potential in each breast cancer subtype, and identify other molecular partners as targets for new interventions.
Antithyroglobulin and Antiperoxidase Antibodies Can Negatively Influence Pregnancy Outcomes by Disturbing the Placentation Process and Triggering an Imbalance in Placental Angiogenic Factors
Authors: Tańska Kamila , Glinicki Piotr , Rebizant Beata , Dudek Piotr , Zgliczyński Wojciech , Gietka-Czernel Małgorzata
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) affects about 15% of women of reproductive age and can negatively affect pregnancy outcomes. One possible mechanism for pregnancy complications can be attributed to a disturbed process of placentation caused by thyroid antibodies. To test this hypothesis, placental hormones and angiogenic factors in pregnant women with TAI were evaluated. Methods: Fifty-eight hypothyroid women positive for TPOAb/TgAb, thirty-three hypothyroid women negative for TPOAb/TgAb, and thirty-nine healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Maternal thyroid function tests were established every month throughout pregnancy, and angiogenic placental factors, pro-angiogenic placental growth factor (PlGF); two anti-angiogenic factors, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng); and placental hormones, estradiol, progesterone, and hCG, were determined during each trimester. Results: Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes did not differ between the groups. However, several detrimental effects of thyroid antibodies were observed. These included a positive correlation between TgAb and the sEng/PlGF ratio in the first trimester and positive correlations between TPOAb and sFlt-1 and between TgAb and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in the third trimester. TgAbs in the first trimester was a risk factor for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Conclusions: Our study indicates that TPOAbs and TgAbs can exert a direct harmful effect on placentation, leading to disturbances in the production of placental angiogenic factors and, consequently, to an increased risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.
The Role of HDAC6 in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A New Avenue to Therapeutic Interventions?
Authors: Spallotta Francesco , Illi Barbara
Published: November 2024

Despite the great advances in basic research results, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) still remains an incurable tumour. To date, a GBM diagnosis is a death sentence within 15–18 months, due to the high recurrence rate and resistance to conventional radio- and chemotherapy approaches. The effort the scientific community is lavishing on the never-ending battle against GBM is reflected by the huge number of clinical trials launched, about 2003 on 10 September 2024. However, we are still far from both an in-depth comprehension of the biological and molecular processes leading to GBM onset and progression and, importantly, a cure. GBM is provided with high intratumoral heterogeneity, immunosuppressive capacity, and infiltrative ability due to neoangiogenesis. These features impact both tumour aggressiveness and therapeutic vulnerability, which is further limited by the presence in the tumour core of niches of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that are responsible for the relapse of this brain neoplasm. Epigenetic alterations may both drive and develop along GBM progression and also rely on changes in the expression of the genes encoding histone-modifying enzymes, including histone deacetylases (HDACs). Among them, HDAC6—a cytoplasmic HDAC—has recently gained attention because of its role in modulating several biological aspects of GBM, including DNA repair ability, massive growth, radio- and chemoresistance, and de-differentiation through primary cilia disruption. In this review article, the available information related to HDAC6 function in GBM will be presented, with the aim of proposing its inhibition as a valuable therapeutic route for this deadly brain tumour.
Gallic Acid Induces HeLa Cell Lines Apoptosis via the P53/Bax Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sarı Umut , Zaman Fuat , Özdemir İlhan , Öztürk Şamil , Tuncer Mehmet Cudi
Published: November 2024

Background: Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that originates from the endometrium and is more common in developed countries and its incidence is increasing day by day in developing countries. The most commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic drugs limit their use due to serious side effects and the development of drug resistance. For this reason, interest in new active ingredients obtained from natural products is increasing. This study aimed to reveal the apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of gallic acid and doxorubicin combination therapy against the HeLa cell line. Methods: We investigated the anti-cancer effects of doxorubicin and gallic acid in the human HeLa cervical cell line by using the MTT test, Nucblue staining for the identification of apoptotic cells due to nuclear condensation using fluorescent substance, and apoptotic markers P53 and Bax for the RT-PCR test. Results: The highest cytotoxic effect obtained in the study, the highest increase in apoptotic induction, and a significant difference in P53/Bax levels were seen in the gallic acid/doxorubicin combination. Additionally, it was determined that gallic acid exhibited an effective cytotoxic effect on HeLa and HaCat cells within 48 and 72 h of application. Conclusions: The obtained findings show that the gallic acid/doxorubicin combination applied to HeLa cells may be an alternative treatment against both the cytotoxic effect size and the side effects of the chemotherapy agent.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Cessation of Betel Quid Use in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder in Taiwan
Authors: Hung Chung-Chieh , Tu Hung-Pin , Chung Chia-Min
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-occurs with substance use disorders such as alcohol and nicotine use disorders. Comorbid substance use disorders worsen the clinical symptoms of MDD and exacerbate addictive behaviors and presentations. However, the relationship between MDD and betel quid use disorder (BUD) in Taiwan has not been extensively investigated. Methods: We performed this cross-sectional study investigated associations between betel quid use, BUD, and MDD specifically in the Taiwanese population. Long-term betel quid use is a major public health concern, contributing significantly to the high incidence of oral cancers, which rank fifth among the top ten most common cancers in Taiwan. Results: Among patients with MDD, the current BUD prevalence rate was 7.32%, and the lifetime BUD prevalence rate was 15.45%. Patients with comorbid BUD were more likely to have severe alcohol and nicotine dependence disorders and required longer antidepressant treatment. Conclusions: Notably, 16.98% of patients with comorbid BUD who received selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment achieved abstinence. BUD has a detrimental effect on health outcomes in patients with MDD, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment may be required to be prolonged for betel quid abstinence therapy to be effective. Additional studies should investigate medication therapies for betel quid addiction disorders.
The Impact of Self-Transcendence on Anxiety Among Chinese College Students: The Moderating Roles of Self-Enhancement and Dominant Self-Construal
Authors: Wang Hong , Yue Tong , Luo Huajun
Published: November 2024

This study explores the role of self-transcendence values in reducing anxiety among Chinese undergraduates, with a particular focus on how self-enhancement values and self-construal styles moderate this relationship. A total of 567 undergraduate students were assessed using the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-21), the Trait Anxiety Inventory (T-AI), and the Self-Construal Scale (SCS). Hierarchical regression and moderated moderation analyses were conducted to test the interactions between the variables. The findings suggest that self-enhancement moderated the association between self-transcendence and anxiety, particularly in individuals with low self-enhancement. Furthermore, the moderating effect of self-enhancement was influenced by dominant self-construal. These findings have practical implications for integrating value-based interventions in educational and public health strategies aimed at improving mental well-being among university students.
Teacher Violence and Student Wellbeing in Rural Sierra Leone: Longitudinal Dynamics Across Primary Schooling
Authors: D’Urso Giulio , Symonds Jennifer , Sloan Seaneen , Capistrano Daniel , Samonova Elena , Devine Dympna , Sugrue Ciaran
Published: November 2024

This study explored the longitudinal dynamics of teacher violence and student wellbeing in rural Sierra Leone, West Africa. The participants, totaling 3170 children with an age range of 5 years to 11 years, were cluster-sampled from a large geographic area to ensure gender balance and representation from diverse linguistic backgrounds and religious affiliations. They were drawn from the Safe Learning Study, which spanned over 5 years and involved 100 schools in rural Sierra Leone. Data collection took place in four waves from November 2018 to May 2021. Participants completed self-report questionnaires pertaining to psychological wellbeing and experiences of violence from teachers. The study employed a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RICLPM) to examine the relationship between violence and mental health across waves. Across children, a relationship between teacher violence and student wellbeing was observed over time. However, for individual children, higher wellbeing predicted lower instances of violence, and vice versa, although to a weak extent. These findings highlight the complex interplay between violence and wellbeing within the cultural sample. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the social dynamics surrounding violence and wellbeing, informing targeted interventions and policy initiatives aimed at creating safer and healthier environments for at-risk populations.
Anxious Thoughts and Well-Being in University Students with Anxiety in the Two Years After the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediational Relationship of Physical Symptoms and Sadness Rumination
Authors: Fratea Elena Ioana , Ciucurel Manuela Mihaela , Cucu Ciuhan Geanina
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study examines the relationship between anxious thoughts and well-being, with physical symptoms and sadness rumination as mediators, in young people who suffer from anxiety in the first two years after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A community sample of 198 participants, 94 males and 104 females, aged between 19 and 35 years, all of them experiencing an anxiety disorder in their past, answered an online survey during the years 2022–2023. The instruments were the Rumination of Sadness and Anger Questionnaire, The Burns Inventory, and Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scale. The data analysis used hierarchical regression. Results: The results show that the conditional indirect effects of anxious thoughts on well-being are statistically significant (β = −0.29, SE = 0.08, p < 0.001) for high physical symptoms of anxiety (β = 0.25, SE = 0.11, p < 0.001) and for high sadness rumination (β = −0.82, SE = 0.04, p < 0.001). Physical symptoms of anxiety (β = 0.25, SE = 0.11, p < 0.001) and sadness rumination (β = 0.05, SE = 0.07, p < 0.001) have a partial serially mediating effect on the relationship between anxious thoughts and well-being (β = −0.74, SE = 0.02, p < 0.001).
Research on Mechanical Characteristics of High-Toughness Anti-Slip Pile Based on Slope Anti-Slip Stability Enhancement
Authors: Xing Changzhu , Yang Yanwei , Zheng Chuanfeng , Liu Dayu , Li Haigang , Guo Liying , Lin Weitao , Wang Chengda
Published: November 2024

Aiming at the problem of insufficient slope stability in deep foundation pit engineering, this paper takes the integrated urban and rural water supply project in Lingao County as the research object, simulates and analyzes the landslide process of the slope by using the strength discount method, and explores the mechanical response characteristics of the anti-slip piles in depth. It is found that the traditional anti-slip pile is prone to early failure due to bending and tensile damage in the middle of the pile back, which leads to the decline of slope stability. For this reason, this paper designs and studies the high-toughness anti-slip pile material and carries out numerical simulation analyses on C30 concrete anti-slip piles and high-toughness concrete anti-slip piles, respectively, for 9 working conditions, for a total of 18 working conditions. The results show that the bending and tensile toughness and strength of the anti-slip piles are significantly improved by using high-toughness material, which effectively avoids bending and tensile damage, and the slope safety coefficient is increased by 32.10%. Furthermore, the optimized design of anti-slip piles in terms of material, pile length, and pile position can effectively improve the stability of slopes and prolong the service life of the anti-slip piles, which provides a new way of thinking and methodology for the safety design of the deep foundation pit project. Thus, this study has important theoretical significance and engineering application value.
Detailed Structural Typology of Existing Substandard Masonry and Reinforced Concrete Buildings in the City of Zagreb, Croatia
Authors: Šavor Novak Marta , Uroš Mario , Demšić Marija , Jevtić Rundek Romano , Pilipović Ante , Atalić Josip
Published: November 2024

Despite significant scientific and technological advancements in earthquake engineering, earthquakes continue to cause widespread destruction of the built environment, often resulting in numerous fatalities and substantial economic losses. Southeastern Europe, which includes Croatia, is part of the Mediterranean–Trans-Asian high-seismic activity zone. This area has recently experienced a series of earthquakes which had severe consequences for both populations and economies. Notably, the types of buildings that suffered significant damage or collapse during these events still constitute a large portion of the building stock across the region. The majority of residential buildings in Croatia and neighboring areas was constructed before the adoption of modern seismic standards, indicating that a considerable part of the building stock remains highly vulnerable to earthquakes. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to identify the building types which significantly contribute to seismic risk, with the focus on Zagreb as Croatia’s largest city and the capital; collect the documentation on the structural systems and occupancy; analyze the data; and carry out the initial vulnerability assessment. This serves as a first step toward developing a new exposure and vulnerability model for Zagreb that is also applicable to all urban areas in the region with similar building stock and seismotectonic conditions.
Experimental Measurements of Wind Flow Characteristics on an Ellipsoidal Vertical Farm
Authors: Xie Simeng , Martinez-Vazquez Pedro , Baniotopoulos Charalampos
Published: November 2024

The rise of high-rise vertical farms in cities is helping to mitigate urban constraints on crop production, including land, transportation, and yield requirements. However, separate issues arise regarding energy consumption. The utilisation of wind energy resources in high-rise vertical farms is therefore on the agenda. In this study, we investigate the aerodynamic performance of an ellipsoidal tall building with large openings to determine, on the one hand, the threshold income wind that could impact human comfort, and on the other, the turbulence intensity at specific locations on the roof and façade where micro-wind turbines could operate. To this end, we calculate the wind pressure coefficient and turbulence intensity of two scale models tested within a wind tunnel facility and compare the results with a separate CFD simulation completed in the past. The results confirm that the wind turbines installed on the building façade at a height of at least z/h = 0.725 can operate properly when the inlet wind speed is greater than 7 m/s. Meanwhile, the wind regime on the roof is more stable, which could yield higher energy harvesting via wind turbines. Furthermore, we observe that the overall aerodynamic performance of the models tested best under wind flowing at angles of 45° and 60° with respect to their centreline, whereas the turbulence at the wind envelope compares to that of the free wind flow at roof height.
Spatial Vitality Detection and Evaluation in Zhengzhou’s Main Urban Area
Authors: Ge Yipeng , Gan Qizheng , Ma Yueshan , Guo Yafei , Chen Shubo , Wang Yitong
Published: November 2024

Urban vitality is a concept that reflects dynamic changes in economic, social, and cultural aspects, emphasizing the importance of diversified land use and dense population. With technological advancements, research methods on urban vitality are increasingly diverse, particularly with the application of big data and geographic information systems providing new perspectives and tools for such studies. Currently, research on the vitality of inland Central Plains cities in China is relatively limited and largely confined to specific administrative areas, leading to an inadequate understanding of basic economic activities and population distribution within cities. Therefore, this study aims to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of urban vitality and its influencing factors in Zhengzhou’s main urban area, providing a scientific basis for urban planning and sustainable development. This study utilizes methods that include Densi graph curve analysis, the entropy method, and the multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model, integrating statistical data, geographic information, and remote sensing imagery of Zhengzhou in 2023. The MGWR model analysis reveals: (1) Urban vitality in Zhengzhou’s main urban area exhibits a concentric pattern, with high vitality at the center gradually decreasing toward the periphery, showing significant spatial differences in economic, population, and cultural vitality. (2) Various influencing factors positively correlate with urban vitality in the main urban area, but due to shortcomings in urban development strategies and planning, some factors negatively impact vitality in the central area while positively affecting vitality in peripheral areas. Based on these findings, this study provides relevant evidence and theoretical support for urban planning and sustainable development in Zhengzhou, aiding in the formulation of more effective urban development strategies.
Elastoplastic Solution for Tunnel Composite Support Structures Based on Mohr–Coulomb Criterion
Authors: Li Wentong , He Peng , Wang Gang , Zheng Wen , Fan Kerui , Wang Lantian , Zheng Chengcheng
Published: November 2024

Linings and anchor bolts, as common support structures, play a crucial role in ensuring the stability of tunnel surrounding rock. This study aims to investigate the elastic–plastic behavior of lining-anchor bolt support structures in deep circular tunnels under static water pressure. Based on the Mohr–Coulomb (M-C) criterion and equivalent substitution method, this study derives the solution process for the radius of the plastic zone and the elastic–plastic stress expressions under a given lining internal pressure. Furthermore, through examples, this study analyzes the radius of the plastic zone and the stress evolution curve of the lining-anchor bolt-supported surrounding rock system under three conditions: without anchoring, various elastic moduli, and different anchor bolt support angles. Finally, this study verifies the rationality of the elastic–plastic analytical solution for the lining-anchor bolt-supported surrounding rock structure through numerical simulation methods. The integrated lining-anchor bolt support is notably effective in inhibiting the expansion of the plastic zone, particularly in soft rock. Additionally, the elastic modulus and circumferential spacing of the anchor bolts significantly influence the plastic zone inhibition rate in soft rock.