bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OUTCOME OF DOUBLE BLIND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SULFASALAZINE AND HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE IN EARLY UNDIFFERENTIATED INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS
Authors:   Postgraduate,Dept Of Orthopaedics, Karnataka Institute Of Medical Sciences, Hubli., a Akash , K. Suryakanth ,   Professor And Hod Dept Orthopaedics, Karnataka Institute Of Medical Sciences, Hubli., Mudagal C.V ,   Professor, Dept Of Orthopaedics, Karnataka Institute Of Medical Sciences, Hubli., a Madhuchandra ,   Associate, Professor, Dept Of Orthopaedics, Karnataka Institute Of Medical Sciences, Hubli., Hosangadi A.A ,   Associate, Professor, Dept Of Orthopaedics, Karnataka Institute Of Medical Sciences, Hubli.
Published: October 2022

Objective:Undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis is one of the requirements for being diagnosed in the patient doesnt meet the classical criteria for recognized arthritis. which no approved treatment algorithm exist. Sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine used in this trial for early Undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis. Methods: A six-month, double-blind, randomized experiment was conducted. Undifferentiated arthritis in 100 consecutive patients. ESR, morning stiffness, number of swollen joints, and a pain score are all measured on a monthly basis. Patients with certain rheumatological diagnoses were excluded.. Results: The trial was completed by 74 patients.The sulfasalazine group patient responds better and more promptly. There have been respond in terms of grip strength, pain score, and the duration of morning stiffness compared to hydroxychloroquine.The 26 withdrawal from the research prematurely owing to side effects, with gastrointestinal symptoms being the primary cause in the actively treated group. Conclusions:Our statistics lead us to the conclusion that sulfasalazine provides an earlier and better response than hydroxychloroquine. The earlier Response to sulfasalazine is a significant benefit for patients quality of life.
POCUSTO DIFFERENTIATE DYSPNEAPRESENTING TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, JJM Medical CollegeDavangere, Karnataka., E.M Surendra , Shamanur Kallesh ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, JJM Medical CollegeDavangere, Karnataka., V. Ashokkumar ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, JJM Medical CollegeDavangere, Karnataka., S. Chandrashekar ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, JJM Medical CollegeDavangere, Karnataka., S.V. Goutham ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, JJM Medical CollegeDavangere, Karnataka.
Published: October 2022

Background: Emergency department(ED) faces challenges in diagnosis and management of patients presenting with acute dyspnea due to resource limited settings. Hence the present study was conducted with the main aim of evaluating a diagnostic strategy using point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) to distinguish patients presenting with acute dyspnea to ED into different diagnostic categories for timely management. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted with total of 50 patients. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of using POCUS in evaluating patients presenting with dyspnea as a predominant complaint to ED. POCUS includes lung-cardiac-IVC, lung usg to identify( diffuse B lines, lung sliding sign, consolidation, pleural effusion etc.,), cardiac usg for left ventricular function, right atrial and right ventricular enlargement, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, inferior vena cava(IVC) diameter and collapsibility. Later, out of nine POCUS diagnosis defined in the study algorithm patients were treated and compared with final hospital diagnosis to estimate the accuracy of this strategy. Results: ED diagnosis of dyspnea using the diagnostic strategy proposed in the study was in compliance with final hospital diagnosis with high agreement in 86% of patients with Kappa statistic = 0.798 (p<0.001) which is statisticaly significant.Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) was the most common diagnosis. 98.69% and 96.23% was the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic strategy used in this study to identify ADHF. A significant (p<0.01) proportion of patients presenting with dyspnea had Presence of ARDS with ADHF. Conclusion:Incorporating POCUS by lung-cardiac-IVC into routine clinical evaluation yielded a higher accuracy in differentiating causes of dyspnea in ED, and hence this diagnostic strategy could be recommended even in resource-limited setting.
Bioluminescence sensor: enzymes, reaction and utilization as an energy source
Authors: Yağdıran Burak , Ersoy Sezgin , Gültekin Büşra Nur , Yağdıran Melis
Published: October 2022

Even though we accept that the known history of energy use started with the first fire lit by man, we can see its scientific definition in the vis-viva equation. The phenomenon of energy has been explained by the theories produced as a result of the observations of kinetic events, instead of imitating them from nature. All algorithms developed by human beings to obtain energy work against nature and may cause disruption of the ecological balance. However, non-human alive beings living in the integrity of nature can produce energy in harmony with nature. This study aims to draw attention to this energy conversion process, which we will define as cold energy.
The debates on the sense of history between F.M.Dostoevsky and L.N.Tolstoy and the idea of “spiritual empire” as a form of historical development of the mankind
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Evlampiev Igor I. , Matveeva Inga Yu. ,   Russian State Institute of Performing Arts
Published: October 2022

The article proves the hypothesis that F.M.Dostoevsky’s novel The Raw Youth expresses the conception of history directed against the model proposed by L.N.Tolstoy in his War and Peace. Tolstoy maintains that the course of history is determined by the spontaneous interactions of elementary biological powers acting within individuals and within nations; he firmly rejects the idea that individuals can influence history by means of their rational will. In his novel The Raw Youth, Dostoevsky defends totally contrary position: only few “higher personalities” can immediately influence history by means of their great ideas, among which the religious ones play especially important role. The article shows that Dostoevsky’s critique had probably an impact on Tolstoy; as a result, in his late religious teaching, he adopted the position which he had previously rejected. Now he thinks that only few “best people” living in the strong compliance with the Jesus Christ’s doctrine direct society towards the way of spiritual perfectness and thus they determine the course of history. This general model of historical development of society can be named as “spiritual Empire” which is contrary to the accepted western liberal tradition generated by the philosophy of the Enlightenment. Within the model of “spiritual Empire”, the aim of the development is represented with the more and more spiritual unity of people and with the fact that everybody serve to the highest values (the creation of culture); such society should be ruled by the “highest personalities” who achieved the highest spiritual development and influence the society rather with the help of their spiritual authority than by means of the material power.
T.Morton’s hyposubject as a new image of human
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mednikova Anna A.
Published: October 2022

The article examines the articles of T.Morton and highlights the main points that set the tone of his philosophy. Morton does not explicitly stand out his full anthropological position, but on the basis of the central themes of his philosophy, the concept of human is recreated. The sources used were the articles “Ecology without nature” and “Queer-ecology”, as well as the books “Being ecological”, “Ecological thought”, “Hyposubjects about the becoming of human”. This approach has not yet been implemented in the Russian-language philosophical literature in relation to the selected source. In Russian-language articles, as a rule, one can find the development of T.Morton’s ideas, unrelated to anthropological topics, for example, a collection of the Dark Logos dedicated to dark ecology. Despite this, the anthropological analysis is particularly interesting, since environmental topic is associated not only with environmental problems, but also with social processes and questions about human as such. F.Guattari in his book Three Ecologies noted that the ecological imbalance and increased interest in this topic will lead to the change in everyday life, collectivity, and, most importantly, a new type of subjectivity. On the basis of this material, an analysis of the new subjectivity characteristic of human in an environmentally friendly society was carried out. Using the philosophical and anthropological approach, typical of the philosophy of I.Kant, the author also comes to the conclusion not only about the anti-anthropocentricity of T.Morton’s philosophy, but also about the anti-anthropological nature of his project, since Morton, according to the European tradition, recognizes “human’s death” and works in two directions: it anthropomorphizes existence and animalizes a human.
The concept of “capitalism” in the history of Russian self-awareness
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Naumova Ekaterina I.
Published: October 2022

Starting point is that Marx never used the concept capitalism. “Capitalism” literally “grow” from the translation of the Marx’s Capital into Russian language and the discussions around it which were initiated by Populists and Marxists. It happened long before the emergency of Weber’s and Sombart’s works which give precedence in popularization of the concept “capitalism”. The article shows that Marxist and partly Liberal discourses of capitalism firstly formed in Russian language in the papers of Russian writers, philosophers and politicians. Thanks to translation of Marx’s Capital and discussions around it in Russian cultural environment it was made the key terms of Marxist understanding of capitalism that allows the conclusion that Marxist discourse of capitalism can be determined as Russian. Our research showed that the concept capitalism became commonly-used in Russian political literature and also emerged and took root in Russian vocabulary before that it happened in Europe countries. There is reason to believe that at first the concept “capitalism” with its stable Marxist content emerges in Russian language, and then this form, “forged” in Russian philosophical and political discussions and fixed in the vocabularies, becomes the sample for Marxist interpretation of capitalism in principle. Thus, European understanding of “capitalism” essentially turns out Russian meanings.
From the “logic of paradoxes” to dialectical logic (historical transformation of Spinozist methodology)
Authors:   Centre for Humanitarian Education of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Savelieva Marina Yu.
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the features of the transformation of the philosophical cognitive methodology in the heritage of B. Spinoza. The central concept of Spinozism is the concept of “substance”, which plays not only a meaningful, but also a formal role in his philosophy. An analysis of the interpretation of the term “substance” by Spinoza reveals its paradoxical nature. The paradox arises in the context of operating with extremely abstract and universal concepts, therefore, thinkers always try to give these concepts a natural-philosophical character, make them more meaningful and thereby reduce the level of their inconsistency. Spinoza’s idea of substantiality as a criterion of the absolute essence of God clearly proves this. Referring to God as an absolute and universal substantial criterion, Spinoza tried to restore in rights the religious status of ontology and metaphysics, which was questioned by the theory of innate ideas of Descartes and achieved the exact opposite result. On the one hand, the substantiality of God appeared to be consistent and universal; on the other hand, His substantial character was the basis for the denial of His absoluteness, because infinite substance seeks to self-determination and self-restraint. Thus, Spinoza became the author of the concept of an absolutely contradictory substantial God as the absolute foundation of a contradictory world and the contradictory nature of human knowledge. In this sense, the paradox manifests itself not only as an obstacle to objective historical knowledge, but also as a way of transforming philosophical ideas in the history of mankind. This is the only way to understand the essence of the transformation of the ideas of Spinozism in the philosophy of Hegelianism and Marxism: the adoption of the formal features of the metaphysical concept of “substance” became the basis for the transformation of the metaphysical logic of paradox to dialectical logic.
Risk-reflections design factors: Conflict lines of cleavages
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Aleinikov Andrei V. , Sunami Artem N. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2022

The article examines the problem of risk reflections design based on the interpretation of risks and threats as a way of social order legitimization. Authors analyze the “cleavage” nature (in the terminology of Lipset — Rokkan approach) of the consequences of these designing. Using Paul Slovic “psychometric paradigm”, theory of “sociocultural viability” by Aaron Wildavsky and Karl Dake, Paul Schoemaker expected utility model, prospect theory by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, Vincent Covello “mental noise” approach and Mary Douglas works on main risk cultural types, the authors suggest that, despite their heuristic capacity all these approaches, modeling of probable risk reflections is impossible without examination of the current political agenda, formal and informal practices of interpreting dangers and threats in public political discourse, as well as political goal-setting and elites intentions. These elements can weaken/strengthen, shift/replace risk reflections, which is critical for identifying key social polarizations (“cleavages”) between “risk beneficiaries” and “risk outsiders”. In this context, the article focuses to “administrative” failures in political risk management, the victim of which is often the whole society, but not just those who were originally nominated as consumers of risk. On the basis of the identified structural, actor-oriented and institutional factors of risk decision-making and the strategies for programming risk reflections by dominant risk producers, the authors conclude that errors in the design of risk reflections generate risk-anomie in the most vulnerable groups of the population.
Philosophy of literature and the methodology of studying of poetic texts: In honor of the 80th anniversary of professor V. S.Nikonenko
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Nikonenko Sergei V.
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the anniversary of an eminent historian of Russian philosophy V. S.Nikonenko (1942–2013), who is the author of well-known works, a member of St Petersburg State University. The author of the article presents the theory of analysis of philosophical content of poetic texts, created in late Nikonenko’s works. Studying Pushkin’s and Zhukovsky’s poetry, Nikonenko asserts that Russian literature reached the new stage of self-consciousness in the beginning of the 19th century. It was not only a literature, but it has become a worldviewing paradigm of Russian thought. A poet thinks not in metaphysical, but in concrete image form. A poetical image is not a concept. It is a symbol expressed in verbal eidetic pattern. Pushkin is a propagandist of the general moral, political and metaphysical ideas presenting in symbolical poetical images. However, it is very difficult to rationalize poetic images at all. Pushkin’s typical heroes are ideal patterns and eidetic images of contemporary men. The specificity of poetic image is the possibility to interpret it in many conceptual dimensions. A poetic image is unknown in rational form: it is understood irrationally. Nikonenko holds the romantic theory of the impossibility of recognizing the essence of poetic image by poets and literal heroes. Pushkin expresses his ideal content in specific symbolic form of the prophecy. He uses verbal poetic symbols which could be analyzed only in a week sense because they are metaphors and not concepts. So poetic truths are not the logical ones. They are sentences having only apparent logical proofs. Shortly speaking, poetic sentences may be certain, but they are not true ones. To sum up, Nikonenko works hermeneutic method of interpretation of poetic texts, according to it philosophical content of poetry can be extracted only from the linguistic textual structure.
Human in the ideology of globalism
Authors:   Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Tolegen Mukhtar A. , Ryakova Yelena G. ,   Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Savchuk Yelena V. ,   Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University
Published: October 2022

In this article the authors reveals the peculiarities of human understanding and vision for the future of mankind in the ideology of globalism took shape and gained considerable influence on the minds of the people in the second half of the 20th century — early 21st century. Platforms and specialized institutes are organized to develop ideas and mechanisms for their implementation by transnational business elites and representatives of other social groups adjacent to them. Their worldview, formed in the context of a society of alienation, inevitably becomes part of the ideology. Turning to the analysis of the ideology of globalism from the point of view of the relationship to human and the humanity seems promising for an adequate understanding of the essence of globalism and its role in the formation of modern public consciousness, as well as the contours of the future society. Considering globalism as a sociocultural phenomenon, the authors identify the foundations for the formation of the globalist worldview and its ideological sources that lie in the liberal intellectual tradition. The key intellectual moves in the rhetoric of globalists are an appeal to economism, humanism, and the need to correct the world order in the spirit of liberal values. The authors of the article identify key milestones in the formation of the globalist worldview associated with socio-cultural transformations and changes in the configuration of the world socio-political structure, which are reflected in ideological constructions and scientific research. In the course of understanding texts and programs written in the spirit of globalism, the analysis of ideologies and terms, the system of arguments familiar to globalists, is carried out through the prism of understanding the role and place assigned by them to a human.
The concept of “scientific atheism”: The history of its construction and introduction into philosophy and political practice (1954–1964)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Shakhnovich Marianna M.
Published: October 2022

The main purpose of the article is to reveal the socio-historical context of the emergence of the concept of “scientific atheism”, designed to solve ideological and political problems in the USSR in 1954–1964. The article shows how the concept of “scientific atheism” turns into a conceptual category, is filled with new content, forms an appropriate discourse and becomes a tool that produces socially significant meanings used in the practice of ideological production during the period of building socialism in the USSR.The author demonstrates how the understanding of atheism that existed in previous Marxist literature as a philosophical criticism of religion, based on the natural sciences and philosophical materialism and connected with the study of the historical forms of religion and its modern features, was rejected. Such an understanding of atheism did not satisfy the current political demand associated with the new tasks of communist construction. The article shows that a special role in the construction of the ideological component of the concept of “scientific atheism” in the early 1960s was played by I.D.Pantskhava, head of the Department of History and Theory of Atheism at Moscow State University, and also the secretary of the Central Committee L.F.Ilyichev, who headed the Ideological Commission of the Central Committee of the CPSU, which, in the wake of a new anti-religious campaign, initiated the development of practical recommendations in the field of atheistic upbringing of the population, among which the need to form the theoretical content of scientific atheism as an independent philosophical discipline aimed at solving urgent political problems stood out. The article introduces previously unknown archival materials into academic circulation, shedding light on the 1964 discussion about the features of Marxist atheism and the subject of “scientific atheism”.
Assessment of the business climate for SMEs: The case of Moscow Region municipalities
Authors:   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University, Drozdova Natalia P. , Kaplina Anastasiya E. ,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the business climate in the Moscow Region municipalities, to determine the nature of this influence, and on this basis to formulate recommendations for improving the business climate. The concept of “business climate” is treated as a combination of objective and subjective factors that affect entrepreneurial activity in a particular area. Based on the analysis of methods for assessing the business climate and the availability of data, factors such as financial support for small and medium-sized businesses, the level of development of urban infrastructure, the functioning of co-working centers, the difficulty of registering a business, obtaining licenses and permits for activities, the difficulty of paying taxes and finding personnel were selected, as well as a subjective assessment of the level of infrastructure development, the attitude of society towards entrepreneurs. In accordance with the results obtained, the level of development of urban infrastructure and the ease of registering a business make the entrepreneurial climate of the municipality more favorable and have a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial activity. According to the results of the survey, it can be concluded that the greatest difficulty for entrepreneurs is the search for personnel with the necessary qualifications. The number of coworking centers does not have a statistically significant impact on the level of entrepreneurial activity. The results obtained largely consistent with the findings of other studies. Thus, in order to improve the business climate, it is important to develop the urban environment, as well as to simplify the procedure for registering a business. It is recommended to hold more events (for example, job fairs in educational institutions) that will help entrepreneurs find qualified specialists, organize special programs for advanced training and retraining of personnel. In addition, it is recommended to expand the list of factors taken into account to assess the business climate in the Moscow Region and include the attitude of society towards entrepreneurs, as well as the level of development of urban infrastructure and the ease of business registration.
Intention to apply total quality management in petroleum and liquefied petroleum gas in Vietnam’s enterprises
Authors:   Dai Nam University, Thao Truong Duc , Phuong Vu Dao Tung ,   Petrolimex Gas Corporation JSC, Phuong Bui Cam ,   Thang Long University, Tuan Nguyen Anh ,   International School, Vietnam National University, Minh Pham Van ,   Dai Nam University, Tu Duong Minh ,   Dai Nam University
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to point out the factors that promote and hinder the intention to apply TQM in petroleum and liquefied petroleum gas enterprises in Vietnam. The study was conducted based on survey data of 486 petroleum and liquefied petroleum gas enterprises in Vietnam with the respondents being members of the business leadership or the person in charge of quality management and collected during the period from October 2020 to February 2021.The results show that the factors (1) Perception of the effectiveness of TQM; (2) Perceived ease of use of TQM; (3) Perceived effectiveness of TQM compared to the old system; (4) The size of charter capital has a positive effect (5) The size of the labor force has a negative effect on the intention to apply TQM in petroleum and liquefied petroleum gas enterprises in Vietnam. The study also shows that the more modern the leaders in petroleum and liquefied gas enterprises in Vietnam are, the easier it is to make decisions to apply TQM. And vice versa, if they are traditional people, they will hinder intention to apply TQM in business.
Removal of acid yellow dye 17 from aqueous solutions using an activated bone char
Authors: Kerie Endalkachew , Alemu Agegnehu
Published: October 2022

Textile dyes are causing serious environmental problems in the world. The treatment of dyes from textile wastewater is necessary to protect the environment. Adsorbents with high adsorption potential from local materials are required to solve these problems. In this study, the treatment of acid yellow 17 dye from aqueous solutions was carried out using an activated bone char, collected from slaughterhouses. The dye removal performance was measured using a UV-Vis spectrometer. Adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch process under different operating conditions including initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and solution pH. From the experimental data, the maximum dye removal efficiency of 91.43% was achieved at an optimum pH of 2, contact time of 120 min, initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and adsorbent dose of 20 g/L. Adsorption models: adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics of acid yellow 17 dye onto the activated animal bone char, the data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9245) and pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.9967), respectively. This study indicated that the activated bone char, which is obtained from animal slaughterhouses and discharged as waste into the environment has a high potential to remove acid yellow 17 dye from polluted water.
Cambios en la movilidad transfronteriza del pueblo Wayúu en el contexto de la crisis venezolana
Authors: Consuegra Ascanio Adriana del Carmen
Published: October 2022

La crisis generalizada que se vive en Venezuela se ha manifestado en varios hechos importantes. Uno de ellos es el cambio en el patrón migratorio. Aproximadamente 5 millones de venezolanos han emigrado hacia distintas partes del mundo. Otro suceso es el cierre de la zona fronteriza compartida con Colombia decretado por el presidente Nicolás Maduro desde agosto de 2015 hasta septiembre de 2016. Ambos acontecimientos hacen parte de un contexto en el que también se ha visto alterada la vida y la movilidad del pueblo Wayúu, habitantes ancestrales de este territorio. Las prácticas productivas y reproductivas de esta comunidad dependen de la movilidad y el intercambio en este espacio. La presente propuesta parte de los resultados obtenidos en un estudio de corte cualitativo sobre los cambios anteriormente señalados. Además del ejercicio etnográfico de observación directa, este estudio realizó 17 entrevistas a personas Wayúu en Maicao (La Guajira). Los principales resultados evidenciaron que se pueden distinguir por lo menos tres transformaciones importantes en la movilidad como estrategia de defensa de la vida. La primera está relacionada con una relativa in (movilidad) manifestada en la poca circularidad en el territorio fronterizo. La segunda se caracteriza por la migración de forma más permanente por parte de algunos/as wayúu hacia territorio colombiano. Y la tercera tiene que ver con el retorno hacia los territorios. Todo esto permite comprender las fronteras como espacios social y culturalmente producidos y a la movilidad como una práctica fundamental para vivir y resistir, especialmente para las comunidades transfronterizas.
Aves de la Universidad del Magdalena: análisis de la diversidad y actualización de registros
Authors: Tamaris- Turizo Diana , Hernández-Palma Tatiana L.
Published: October 2022

Las aves son un grupo muy diverso especialmente en países del neotrópico donde desempeñan diversas funciones ecológicas de importancia para el soporte de los ecosistemas. Con el fin de describir atributos de la diversidad en una comunidad de aves y actualizar el registro de las especies se realizaron muestreos entre octubre de 2017 y diciembre de 2018 mediante transectos libres en el interior de un fragmento de bosque seco y en zonas adyacentes como áreas de cultivo y estanques piscícolas del campus principal de la Universidad del Magdalena. Cada especie tuvo una categoría según la frecuencia de registro (muy común, común, poco común, rara) y su estatus (residente, transitoria, migratoria). Durante el estudio registramos 1889 individuos pertenecientes a 87 especies y 32 familias, siendo Tyrannidae la más representativa, no obstante, la actualización del listado incluye 92 especies. En general las aves fueron poco comunes indistintamente de su estatus. En el bosque y sus alrededores se observaron 20 especies migratorias siendo Setophaga petechia la más común. El listado actualizado de la avifauna incluye 12 nuevos registros que enriquecen los valores de diversidad y reflejan los cambios de esta comunidad durante 13 años. Concluimos que la presencia de un fragmento de bosque seco tropical, sumado a otros elementos del paisaje como cultivos y estanques son importantes en el establecimiento de aves locales y migratorias, pues en ellos se encuentran variedad de recursos como alimentos y sitios de refugio, descanso y reproducción, lo cuales contribuyen con la conservación de estas poblaciones.
Composición mineralógica de algunos suelos del norte del departamento de Magdalena, Colombia
Authors: Aguirre Forero Sonia Esperanza , Vásquez Polo José Rafael , Piraneque Nelson
Published: October 2022

Los análisis mineralógicos de suelos son necesarios para explicar características físico-químicas genéticas y taxonómicas inherentes a los mismos y su evaluación integral con el fin de obtener conocimiento real y completo del recurso y su manejo adecuado. En este trabajo se propuso como objetivo identificar la composición mineralógica de seis zonas ubicadas en el norte del departamento del Magdalena, región aledaña a la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Colombia, localizada en clima cálido seco. Para ello, se seleccionaron suelos donde se desarrollan los cultivos agrícolas de mayor importancia en la región y de bosques aledaños a fin de establecer limitaciones y potencialidades. El estudio fue descriptivo con recopilación de información edafoclimática de la zona y recolección de muestras para su posterior análisis mineralógico. Los resultados evidenciaron predominio de clima cálido seco y muy seco con temperatura promedio de 27 ºC suelos de régimen ústico. La fracción mineral de arena está asociada a contenidos de cuarzo y feldespatos mientras que la fracción fina, reporta biotita y Haloisita en 100 % de las muestras. En las zonas 2 y 4 evidenciaron además contenidos de esmectita, en la zona 3 clorita y en la 2 se registró una muestra halita (1,3 %). El análisis de la composición porcentual mineralógica confirma que los suelos estudiados presentan bajo grado evolutivo debido a las condiciones de humedad ústico, que controla el desarrollo de los suelos, lo que limita la transformación de los minerales de fácilmente alterables.
Recent Updates on the Effect of Endocrine Disruptors on Male Reproductive Functions
Authors: Rajendran Roshini , Calivarathan Latchoumycandane , Mathur Premendu Prakash
Published: October 2022

Endocrine disruptors are man-made or naturally occurring chemical substances, upon exposure, alter the male reproductive health by interfering with hormonal homeostasis and spermatogenesis. Several studies have supported the hypothesis that a decrease in sperm count over the past few decades is due to exposure to environmental contaminants possessing estrogenic or anti-androgenic properties. Bisphenol A, phthalates, alkylphenols, and polychlorinated biphenyls are some of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals commonly present in our day-to-day products that have been shown to pose a significant threat to reproductive health. Many chemicals directly or indirectly affect the endocrine systems, altering metabolism, sex differentiation, growth, stress response, gender behavior, and reproduction. The endocrine pathway disruption is possibleviamembrane receptors or nuclear receptors and inhibition of enzymatic pathways. The declining male reproductive health has been linked to an increased presence of chemical contaminants in our environment in the form of pesticides and plastics. The effect of endocrine disruptors on reproductive health remains a real issue considering public health. This review gives a recent update on environmental chemicals that have endocrine-disrupting potential and their effect on the male reproductive system.
Enzymatic modification of lecithin for improved antioxidant activity in combination with tocopherol in emulsions and bulk oil
Authors:   University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Culler Mitchell , Decker Eric ,   University of Massachusetts Amherst, Bayram Ipek ,   University of Massachusetts Amherst
Published: October 2022

Industry attempts to meet consumers' clean label demands by removing synthetic antioxidants (e.g. EDTA) frequently result in deleterious effects on oil quality, causing the formation of toxic oxidation derivatives as well as off-flavors and aromas. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel and natural antioxidant systems. For example, after becoming oxidized, Î±-tocopherol can be recharged to its active form by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) for increased efficacy. Unfortunately, plant-based lecithin is mostly phosphatidylcholine (PC), which lacks the amine group necessary to recharge tocopherol. Purified phospholipids are typically too expensive for food products, however enzymatic conversion of PC to PE is more cost effective.The aims of the present study are 1) to determine the optimal reaction conditions for converting high PC lecithin into modified high PE lecithin (MHPEL) and 2) to validate the MHPEL's synergism with tocopherol in delaying lipid oxidation in model emulsion systems at pH 7, and 4, and in bulk oil. High PC lecithin was incubated with phospholipase D from Streptomyces chromofuscus and ethanolamine at varied pH, temperature, and time and then analyzed for compositional changes by HPLC. To assess shelf life, aliquots of 1% o/w emulsions buffered to pH 7 and 4 as well as bulk oil were prepared and stored at 32 and 55°C, respectively. Treatment groups included control, MHPEL, purified PE standard, tocopherol, tocopherol + MHPEL, and tocopherol + purified PE standard. Lipid hydroperoxide formation was measured spectrophotometrically, and hexanal formation was measured using GC headspace analysis. Maximum conversion occurred at pH 9 and 37°C, reaching >73% PE after 4 hours. The combination of MHPEL and tocopherol increased shelf-life by 75% compared to tocopherol alone in o/w emulsions at pH 7, 50% in o/w emulsions at pH 4, and 100% in bulk oil. This approach represents an exciting and clean-label antioxidant system with commercialization potential.
ÇOCUKLARIN “YAPAY ZEKA” KAVRAMINA İLİŞKİN METAFORİK ALGILARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: SAÇAN Selvinaz , TOZDUMAN YARALI Kevser , KAVRUK Sevinç Zeynep
Published: October 2022

Özet: Bu çalışmada çocukların, başta eğitim alanı olmak üzere her geçen gün hayatlarına daha fazla giren yapay zekânın 6-10 yaş grubu çocuklar tarafından nasıl algılandığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma modeli kapsamında olgubilim (fenomonoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 6-10 yaş grubu 146 çocuk ve ebeveyni oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla biri ebeveynlere biri çocuklara yönelik olmak üzere iki form kullanılmıştır. Çocukların, “Yapay zeka ………… gibidir. Çünkü …………..” ifadesini tamamlamaları istenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde MAXQDA programından yararlanılmış, elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde ve yorumlanmasında içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda çalışma grubundaki çocukların yapay zeka kavramını ifade etmek için 12 metafor ürettikleri belirlenmiştir. 12 metafor kendi içerisinde canlı ve cansız olmak üzere 2 ana temada gruplandırılmıştır. Yapay zekanın benzetildiği olgunun sebebi incelendiğinde verilen yanıtlar insanlığa yönelik, zekâya yönelik ve robotik olmak üzere 3 ana temada gruplandırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, üretilen metaforlar 6-10 yaş grubu çocukların yapay zekâ kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları algıları anlama, açığa çıkarma ve açıklama imkânı sunmuştur..
DOORWAY-модели в обратной задаче для сложного вибронного аналога резонанса Ферми
Authors: Кузьмицкий В.А.
Published: October 2022

We solve the inverse problem for the complex Fermi resonance or its vibronic analogue, and to this end we use the matrix XEXt, where E = diag({Ek}) is a diagonal matrix, Ek are the energies of the observed “conglomerate” of lines, and the intensities of these lines Ik determine the first row of the matrix X, (X1k)2 = Ik, k = 1, 2, … , n, n  3. Hamiltonian matrix of the direct model, HDIR, whose parameters are the energies of pre-diagonalized “dark” states, Ai, and the matrix elements of their coupling to the “bright” state, Bi, (i = 1, 2, … , n – 1), is obtained after the diagonalization of the XEXt block, which belongs to the “dark” states. We show that Hamiltonian matrix with the single doorway state (DW), HDW1, can be obtained from the matrices HDIR or XEXt by first step of the Householder triangularization, i.e. by similarity transformation with a reflection matrix constructed by quantities Bi or Di = (XEXt)1,i+1. For the energy of the first DW1 state, g1, and the matrix element of its coupling to the “bright” state, w1, the use of the Householder transformation gives: g1=Sigman-1i=1B2iAi/(Sigman-1j=1B2j)= Sigmank=1E3kIk/Sigmanl=1E2lIl, |w1|=(Sigman-1i=1B2i)1/2= Sigmank=1E2kIk)1/2. In similar way, using the Householder transformation, the Hamiltonians for the models with several doorway states, HDW2, HDW3,…, HDW(n-1), are successively obtained. The Hamiltonian of the DW(n-2) model is represented by a symmetric tridiagonal matrix HDW(n-1), its diagonal elements gi determine the energies of the DW1, DW2,…, DW(n-1) states, and the off-diagonal elements wi determine the corresponding coupling between them.
Исследование невалентных взаимодействий севофлюрана с ацетоном в сжиженном ксеноне методом инфракрасной спектроскопии
Authors: Меликова С.М. , Рутковский К.С.
Published: October 2022

The IR spectra of sevoflurane + acetone mixtures in liquefied Xe were studied at T ~ 165 – 190 K. Complex formation stabilized by noncovalent interactions of weak H-bond type has been identified on the basis of changes found at selected bands of both components. Quantum-chemical calculations made on MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level, show that the spectrum in the region of stretching vibrations of CH and CH2 groups is formed due to anharmonic effects, specifically Fermi resonances.
Влияние поглощения матрицы на ближнеполевые и спектральные характеристики рассеяния плазмонных сферических наночастиц
Authors: Дынич Р.А. , Понявина А.Н.
Published: October 2022

Regularities of a size dependence of extinction and absorption efficiency factors as well as of near-zone and far-zone scattering efficiency factors are studied in the spectral range of the surface plasmon resonance of absorption (SPRA) for silver spherical nanoparticles placed into absorbing matrixes with complex refraction index nm+ikappam. Numerical simulation was made with the use of the Mie theory for absorbing matrixes. Approximation of the electron mean free path limitation was used in order to take into account the intrinsic size effects into a metal nanoparticle which consist in a size dependence of its dielectric characteristics. We shown that a growth of matrix absorbency leads to a strong suppression of resonances of extinction (Qext) and near-zone scattering (QNF) efficiency factors without any essential changing of their spectral position. We established that for any fixed wavelength in the spectral range of the SPRA the values of Qext and QNF depend on metal nanoparticle sizes nonmonotonically at kappam = 0–0.1. The RNP optimal value, which corresponds to the maximal values of efficiency factors for the given material of plasmonic nanoparticles, increases at the matrix absorbency growth. The intrinsic size effects contribution to the efficiency factors resonance suppression decreases at the enhancement of nanoparticle sizes and/or matrix absorption. As an example of a real absorbing matrix with a dispersion of relraction index we considered the nickel phtalocyanine matrix (NiPc), which is interesting from the point of view of photovoltaic applications.
Поляризация обратного отражения сферы с двумасшатбным рельефом шероховатой поверхности
Authors: Класс Е.В. , Ульянов С.А. , Белорыбкин И.Ю.
Published: October 2022

The paper presents the results of studies of the polarization of backscattered optical radiation for a model of a sphere with a wavy surface covered with arbitrarily oriented ellipsoidal pores. The calculations were performed by the Monte Carlo method (ROKS-RG program, geometrical optics approximation). Surface roughness of objects is taken into account using local geometries. It is shown that for structures whose pores contain a vitreous medium, the presence of vacuum voids between a transparent and opaque medium determines the nature of the phase dependence of the degree of polarization. In the absence of vacuum, the polarization is always positive and, for small phase angles, depends significantly on the optical characteristics of an opaque medium. The presence of vacuum is a catalyst for the growth of the p-component of the reflected radiation. This leads to a significant decrease in the amplitude of the positive polarization branch. Differences in the optical characteristics of opaque materials are also leveled out, and in some cases negative values ​​of the degree of polarization are observed in the region of small phase angles.
Негармонические пространственные структуры разности населенностей, создаваемые униполярными прямоугольными импульсами в резонансной среде
Authors: Архипов Р.М. , Архипов М.В. , Пахомов А.В. , Дьячкова О.О. , Розанов Н.Н.
Published: October 2022

In the case of coherent interaction with a medium of extremely short light pulses from a carrier of a harmonic form (when the pulse durations are shorter than the population relaxation times T_1 and polarization T_2 of the medium), electromagnetically induced gratings (EMIGs) of the population difference, which have a pronounced harmonic dependence on the coordinates, may appear in it. These structures can occur when pulses do not overlap at the same time or overlap in the medium. Recently, the possibility of obtaining unipolar electromagnetic pulses of the optical and adjacent ranges of non-harmonic shape, for example, rectangular and triangular, with a duration less than or comparable to the duration of the PCR in this range, has attracted interest. In this work, using the numerical solution of the system of Maxwell-Bloch equations, we study EMIG induced by rectangular attosecond pulses in a two-level resonant medium. The possibility of inducing an EMIG of a non-harmonic form in the form of light-induced channels, a kind of microresonators, with a size of the order of the wavelength of the resonant transition of the medium, whose parameters can be controlled, for example, by the amplitude of the incident pulses, is shown. It has been suggested that it is possible to create an EMIG of a predetermined non-harmonic form only in the general case of using unipolar pulses.
Исследование стеклокерамики с кристаллитами YNbO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- : Tb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-, синтезированной при разных температурах
Authors: Кравец В.А. , Дементьева Е.В. , Заморянская М.В.
Published: October 2022

The optimal temperature regime for the synthesis of glass ceramics with YNbO4 : Tb3+ crystalline inclusions has been established. Glass ceramics were synthesized on the basis of a sodium borate matrix from oxide precursors. It has been established that synthesis at a temperature of 950°C is optimal, since at this temperature only one crystalline phase YNbO4 : Tb3+ is formed in the glass and its content is maximum. The spectra of crystalline inclusions and the glass matrix were obtained by the method of local cathodoluminescence, the phase composition of glass ceramics was studied by X-ray phase analysis.
Оптические свойства пиролитического нитрида кремния SiN-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-, обогащённого кремнием
Authors: Перевалов Т.В. , Спесивцев Е.В. , Рыхлицкий С.В. , Бобовников П.Г. , Красников Г.Я. , Гриценко В.А.
Published: October 2022

Non-stoichiometric silicon nitride SiNx, enriched with silicon, is a promising material for the non-volatile resistive memory development. The current studies devoted to investigation of the optical properties of SiNx synthesized in a low-pressure reactor at 800 oC at different ratios of dichlorosilane (SiH2Cl2) to ammonia (NH3). It was found that for films synthesized at SiH2Cl2/NH3 ratio =1/1, 1/2 and 1/3, the corresponding bandgap values are 3.83, 4.17 and 4.40 eV. At the same time, the corresponding values of the parameter x, found according to the theoretical dependence of the bandgap value on x for SiNx calculated from the first principles, are 1.26, 1.30 and 1.32. Thus, by increasing the SiH2Cl2/NH3 ratio, it is possible to create non-stoichiometric SiNx films with a controlled silicon enrichment degree with high uniformity of chemical composition and thickness.
Особенности формы спектра излучения сферического микрорезонатора с люминесцентной оболочкой с высоким показателем преломления, обусловленные поляризацией мод шепчущей галереи
Authors: Дукин А.А. , Голубев В.Г.
Published: October 2022

The effect of the thickness and refractive index of the shell on the amplitudes of lines of the TE and TM polarized whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in the emission spectrum of a microcavity structure consisting of a spherical core covered with a luminescent shell with a refractive index greater than that of the core is studied. The luminescence spectra of the shell, the radial distribution of the WGM field, and the mode parameters (wavelength, quality factor, and effective volume) are calculated using the method of spherical wave transfer matrices. It is shown that at certain subwavelength shell thicknesses, the amplitude of the TE mode emission peak is many times greater than the amplitude of the TM mode peak with the same polar, azimuthal, and radial indices. This is explained by the fact that with these parameters of the shell, WGMs propagate inside the shell as waveguide modes.
Антистоксова люминесценция перовскитных нанокристаллов CsPbBr-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- во фторфосфатной стеклянной матрице
Authors: Кузнецова М.С. , Батаев М.Н. , Чукеев М.А. , Ростовцев Н.Д. , Вербин С.Ю. , Игнатьев И.В. , Давыдов В.Ю. , Смирнов А.Н. , Елисеев И.А. , Колобкова Е.В.
Published: October 2022

The anti-Stokes luminescence of perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in a fluorophosphate glass matrix has been detected and experimentally studied upon optical excitation to the low-energy edge of the photoluminescence band. The intensity of anti-Stokes luminescence depends linearly on the pump power and increases rapidly with increasing temperature. A simple three-level model is proposed. It well describes the main regularities of the observed phenomenon.