bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of organic aerosol composition determined by offline FIGAERO-CIMS on particle absorptive properties in autumn Beijing
Authors: Cai Jing , Wu Cheng , Wang Jiandong , Du Wei , Zheng Feixue , Hakala Simo , Fan Xiaolong , Chu Biwu , Yao Lei , Feng Zemin , Liu Yongchun , Sun Yele , Zheng Jun , Yan Chao , Bianchi Federico , Kulmala Markku , Mohr Claudia , Daellenbach Kaspar R.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) is a major component of fine particulate matter (PM) affecting air quality, human health, and the climate. The absorptive and reflective behavior of OA components contributes to determining particle optical properties and thus their effects on the radiative budget of the troposphere. There is limited knowledge on the influence of the molecular composition of OA on particle optical properties in the polluted urban environment. In this study, we characterized the molecular composition of oxygenated OA collected on filter samples in autumn of 2018 in Beijing, China, with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-CIMS). Three haze episodes occurred during our sampling period with daily maximum concentrations of OA of 50, 30, and 55 µg m−3, respectively. We found that the signal intensities of dicarboxylic acids and sulfur-containing compounds increased during the two more intense haze episodes, while the relative contributions of wood-burning markers and other aromatic compounds were enhanced during the cleaner periods. We further assessed the optical properties of oxygenated OA components by combining the detailed chemical composition measurements with collocated particle light absorption measurements. We show that light-absorption enhancement (Eabs) of black carbon (BC) was mostly related to more oxygenated OA (e.g. dicarboxylic acids), likely formed in aqueous-phase reactions during the intense haze periods with higher relative humidity, and speculate that they might contribute to lensing effects. Aromatics and nitro-aromatics (e.g. nitrocatechol and its derivatives) were mostly related to a high light absorption coefficient (babs) consistent with light-absorbing (brown) carbon (BrC). Our results provide information on oxygenated OA components at the molecular level associated with BrC and BC particle light-absorption and can serve as a basis for further studies on the effects of anthropogenic OA on radiative forcing in the urban environment.
Processes influencing lower stratospheric water vapour in monsoon anticyclones: insights from Lagrangian modelling
Authors: Plaza Nuria Pilar , Podglajen Aurélien , Peña-Ortiz Cristina , Ploeger Felix
Published: June 2021

Abstract. We investigate the influence of different chemical and physical processes on the water vapour distribution in the lower stratosphere (LS), in particular in
the Asian and North American monsoon anticyclones (AMA and NAMA, respectively). Specifically, we use the chemistry transport model CLaMS to
analyse the effects of large-scale temperatures, methane oxidation, ice microphysics, and small-scale atmospheric mixing processes in different model
experiments. All these processes hydrate the LS and, particularly, the
AMA. While ice microphysics has the largest global moistening impact, it is
small-scale mixing which dominates the specific signature in the AMA in the
model experiments. In particular, the small-scale mixing parameterization
strongly contributes to the water vapour transport to this region and improves
the simulation of the intra-seasonal variability, resulting in a better
agreement with the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations. Although none of our experiments reproduces the spatial pattern of the NAMA as seen in MLS observations, they all exhibit a realistic annual cycle and intra-seasonal variability, which are mainly
controlled by large-scale temperatures. We further analyse the sensitivity of
these results to the domain-filling trajectory set-up, here-called Lagrangian
trajectory filling (LTF). Compared with MLS observations and with a multiyear reference simulation using the full-blown chemistry transport model version of
CLaMS, we find that the LTF schemes result in a drier global LS and in a
weaker water vapour signal over the monsoon regions, which is likely related
to the specification of the lower boundary condition. Overall, our results
emphasize the importance of subgrid-scale mixing and multiple transport
pathways from the troposphere in representing water vapour in the AMA.
Spatio-temporal development of large scale auroral electrojet currents relative to substorm onsets
Authors: Käki Sebastian , Viljanen Ari , Juusola Liisa , Kauristie Kirsti
Published: June 2021

Abstract. During auroral substorms the electric currents flowing in the ionosphere change rapidly and a large amount of energy is dissipated in the auroral ionosphere. An important part of the auroral current system are the auroral electrojets whose profiles can be estimated from magnetic field measurements from Low Earth Orbit satellites. In this paper we combine electrojet data derived from the Swarm satellite mission of ESA with the substorm database derived from the SuperMAG ground magnetometer network data. We organize the electrojet data in relation to the location and time of the onset and obtain statistics for the development of the integrated current and latitudinal location for the auroral electrojets relative to the onset. The major features of the behaviour of the westward electrojet are found to be in accordance with earlier studies of field aligned currents and ground magnetometer observations of substorm time statistics. In addition we show that after the onset the latitudinal location of the maximum of the westward electrojet determined from Swarm satellite data is mostly located close to the SuperMAG onset latitude in the local time sector of the onset regardless of where the onset happens. We also show that the SuperMAG onset corresponds to a strengthening of the order of 100 kA in the amplitude of the median of the westward integrated current in the Swarm data from 15 minutes before to 15 minutes after the onset.
Nutrient transport and transformation in macrotidal estuaries of the French Atlantic coast: a modelling approach using C-GEM
Authors: Wei Xi , Garnier Josette , Thieu Vincent , Passy Paul , Le Gendre Romain , Billen Gilles , Akopian Maia , Laruelle Goulven Gildas
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Estuaries are key reactive ecosystems along the land–ocean aquatic continuum, with significant ecological and economic value. However, they have been facing strong morphological management changes as well as increased nutrient and contaminant inputs, possibly leading to ecological problems such as coastal eutrophication. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the ingoing and outgoing fluxes of the estuaries, their retention capacity, and estuarine eutrophication potential. A 1-D Carbon–Generic Estuary Model (C-GEM) was used to simulate the transient hydrodynamics, transport, and biogeochemistry for estuaries with different sizes and morphologies along the French Atlantic coast during the period 2014–2016 using readily available geometric, hydraulic, and biogeochemical data. These simulations allowed us to evaluate the budgets of the main nutrients (phosphorus [P], nitrogen [N], silica [Si]) and total organic carbon (TOC), and their imbalance with respect to estuarine eutrophication potential. Cumulated average annual fluxes to the Atlantic coast from the seven estuaries studied were 9.6 kt P yr−1, 259 kt N yr−1, 304 kt Si yr−1, and 145 kt C yr−1. Retention rates varied depending on the estuarine residence times, ranging from 0–27 %, 0–34 %, 2–39 %, and 8–96 % for TP, TN, DSi, and TOC, respectively. Large-scale estuaries had higher retention rates than medium and small estuaries, which we interpreted in terms of estuarine residence times. As shown by the indicator of eutrophication potential (ICEP), there might be a risk of coastal eutrophication, i.e., the development of nonsiliceous algae that is potentially harmful to the systems studied due to the excess TN over DSi.
AN ACCURATE REAL-TIME UAV MAPPING SOLUTION FOR THE GENERATION OF ORTHOMOSAICS AND SURFACE MODELS
Authors: Kern A. , Fanta-Jende P. , Glira P. , Bruckmüller F. , Sulzbachner C.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. UAVs have become an indispensable tool for a variety of mapping applications. Not only in the area of surveying, infrastructure planning and environmental monitoring tasks but also in time-critical applications, such as emergency and disaster response. Although UAVs enable rapid data acquisition per se, data processing usually relies on offline workflows. This contribution presents an accurate real-time data processing solution for UAV mapping applications as well as an extensive experimental and comparative study to the commercial offline solution Pix4D on the absolute accuracy of orthomosaics and digital surface models. We show that our procedure achieves an absolute horizontal and vertical accuracy of about 1 m without the use of ground control. The code will be made publicly available.
LOW-COST DGPS ASSISTED AERIAL TRIANGULATION FOR SUB-DECIMETRIC ACCURACY WITH NON-RTK UAVS
Authors: Ioli F. , Pinto L. , Ferrario F.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The possibility of equipping UAVs with lightweight GNSS receivers in order to estimate the camera position within a photogrammetric block allows for a reduction of the number of Ground Control Points (GCP), saving time during the field work and decreasing operational costs. Additionally, this makes it possible to build photogrammetric models even in morphologically complex areas or in emergency situations. This work is proposing a non-intrusive and low-cost procedure to retrieve the coordinates of the camera projection centre with decimetric accuracy. The method was designed and tested with the quadcopter DJI Matrice 210 V2 drone equipped with a DJI ZENMUSE X5S camera and an Emlid reach M, a low-cost, single-frequency (L1) GNSS receiver. GNSS observations are post-processed in PPK in order to obtain the UAV trajectory. Synchronization between the camera and the GNSS receiver is achieved by looking at the camera triggering timestamps in flight telemetry data, without requiring an electronic connection between camera and the GNSS that may be troublesome with commercial UAVs. Two surveys were carried out, respectively to calibrate and validate the procedure. The validation test evidenced the possibility of obtaining the coordinates of the camera projection centres with decimetric accuracy. The centre of projections can then be employed for GNSS-assisted aerial triangulation as input of the bundle block adjustment. Provided that at least one GCP is used, it is possible to reach centimetric accuracy on the ground.
QUALITY EVALUATION OF 3D BUILDING MODELS BASED ON LOW-ALTITUDE IMAGERY AND AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Gabara G. , Sawicki P.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The term “3D building models” is used in relation to the CityGML models and building information modelling. Reconstruction and modelling of 3D building objects in urban areas becomes a common trend and finds a wide spectrum of utilitarian applications. The paper presents the quality assessment of two multifaceted 3D building models, which were obtained from two open-access databases: Polish national Geoportal (accuracy in LOD 2 standard) and Trimble SketchUp Warehouse (accuracy in LOD 2 standard with information about architectural details of façades). The Geoportal 3D models were primary created based on the airborne laser scanning data (density 12 pts/sq. m, elevation accuracy to 0.10 m) collected during Informatic System for Country Protection against extraordinary hazards project. The testing was performed using different validation low-altitude photogrammetric datasets: RIEGL LMS-Q680i airborne laser scanning point cloud (min. density 25 pts/sq. m and height accuracy 0.03 m), and image-based Phase One iXU-RS 1000 point cloud (average accuracy in the horizontal and in the vertical plane is respectively to 0.015 m and 0.030 m). The visual comparison, heat maps with the function of the signed distance, and histograms in predefined ranges were used to evaluate the quality and accuracy of 3D building models. The aspect of error sources that occurred during the modelling process was also discussed.
REAL-TIME SEMANTIC SLAM WITH DCNN-BASED FEATURE POINT DETECTION, MATCHING AND DENSE POINT CLOUD AGGREGATION
Authors: Vishnyakov B. , Sgibnev I. , Sheverdin V. , Sorokin A. , Masalov P. , Kazakhmedov K. , Arseev S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In this paper we present the semantic SLAM method based on a bundle of deep convolutional neural networks. It provides real-time dense semantic scene reconstruction for the autonomous driving system of an off-road robotic vehicle. Most state-of-the-art neural networks require large computing resources that go beyond the capabilities of many robotic platforms. We propose an architecture for 3D semantic scene reconstruction on top of the recent progress in computer vision by integrating SuperPoint, SuperGlue, Bi3D, DeepLabV3+, RTM3D and additional module with pre-processing, inference and postprocessing operations performed on GPU. We also updated our simulated dataset for semantic segmentation and added disparity images.
TOWARDS LEARNING LOW-LIGHT INDOOR SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION WITH ILLUMINATION-INVARIANT FEATURES
Authors: Zhang N. , Nex F. , Kerle N. , Vosselman G.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Semantic segmentation models are often affected by illumination changes, and fail to predict correct labels. Although there has been a lot of research on indoor semantic segmentation, it has not been studied in low-light environments. In this paper we propose a new framework, LISU, for Low-light Indoor Scene Understanding. We first decompose the low-light images into reflectance and illumination components, and then jointly learn reflectance restoration and semantic segmentation. To train and evaluate the proposed framework, we propose a new data set, namely LLRGBD, which consists of a large synthetic low-light indoor data set (LLRGBD-synthetic) and a small real data set (LLRGBD-real). The experimental results show that the illumination-invariant features effectively improve the performance of semantic segmentation. Compared with the baseline model, the mIoU of the proposed LISU framework has increased by 11.5%. In addition, pre-training on our synthetic data set increases the mIoU by 7.2%. Our data sets and models are available on our project website.
A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION STUDY ON THE DOME EFFECT
Authors: Roncella R. , Forlani G. , Diotri F.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. A dome-shape deformation has been found to affect the photogrammetric surface reconstruction in several real and simulated experiments. Its origin has been recognised in inaccurate estimation of the camera parameters and many papers already concentrated on conditions to avoid its development, especially as far as block design is concerned. This paper presents a Monte Carlo simulation to investigate surface reconstruction elevation errors in UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetric blocks. The simulation tests are designed to find out the effect of block shape, camera axis inclination, side-lap, cross strips addition and block control by GCP or GNSS-assisted on the extent of the deformations. The main findings are: i) that GNSS-assisted blocks are generally more robust compared to GCP-controlled ones; ii) that, in GNSS-assisted blocks, unless a mix of nadiral and inclined strips is present, at least one fixed GCP must be provided; iii) that cross strip can conveniently be slimmed to save flight time and processing time; iv) that the effectiveness of GNSS deteriorate as the block shape slims out.
Characterisation of fault plane and coseismic slip for the May 2, 2020, Mw 6.6 Cretan Passage earthquake from tide-gauge tsunami data and moment tensor solutions
Authors: Baglione Enrico , Lorito Stefano , Piatanesi Alessio , Romano Fabrizio , Basili Roberto , Brizuela Beatriz , Tonini Roberto , Volpe Manuela , Bayraktar Hafize Basak , Amato Alessandro
Published: June 2021

Abstract. We present a source solution for the tsunami generated by the Mw 6.6 earthquake that occurred on May 2, 2020, about 807thinsp;km offshore south of Crete, in the Cretan Passage, on the shallow portion of the Hellenic Arc Subduction Zone (HASZ). The tide-gauges recorded this local tsunami on the southern coast of Crete island and Kasos island. We used these tsunami observations to constrain the geometry and orientation of the causative fault, the rupture mechanism and the slip amount. We first modelled an ensemble of synthetic tsunami waveforms at the tide-gauge locations, produced for a range of earthquake parameter values as constrained by some of the available moment tensor solutions. We allow for both a splay and a back-thrust fault, corresponding to the two nodal planes of the moment tensor solution. We then measured the misfit between the synthetic and the observed marigrams for each source parameter set. Our results identify the shallow steeply-dipping back-thrust fault as the one producing the lowest misfit to the tsunami data. However, a rupture on a lower angle fault, possibly a splay fault, with a sinistral component due to the oblique convergence on this segment of the HASZ, cannot be completely ruled out. This earthquake reminds us that the uncertainty regarding potential earthquake mechanisms at a specific location remains quite significant. In this case, for example, it is not possible to anticipate if the next event will be one occurring on the subduction interface, on a splay fault, or on a back-thrust which seems the most likely for the event under investigation. This circumstance bears important consequences because back-thrust and splay faults might enhance the tsunamigenic potential with respect to the subduction interface due to their steeper dip. Then, these results are relevant for tsunami forecasting both in the framework of the long-term hazard assessment and of the early warning systems.
Broadband Spectral Induced Polarization for the detection of Permafrost and an approach to ice content estimation – A Case study from Yakutia, Russia
Authors: Mudler Jan , Hördt Andreas , Kreith Dennis , Bazhin Kirill , Lebedeva Lyudmila , Radić Tino
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The reliable detection of subsurface ice using non-destructive geophysical methods is an important objective in permafrost research. Furthermore, the ice content of the frozen ground is an essential parameter for further interpretation, for example in terms of risk analysis, e.g. for the description of permafrost carbon feedback by thawing processes. The High-Frequency Induced Polarization method (HFIP) enables the measurement of the frequency dependent electrical signal of the subsurface. In contrast to the well-established Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), the usage of the full spectral information provides additional physical parameters of the ground. As the electrical properties of ice exhibit a strong characteristic behaviour in the frequency range between 100 Hz and 100 kHz, HFIP is in principle suitable to estimate ice content. Here, we present methodological advancements of the HFIP method and suggest an explicit procedure for ice content estimation. A new measuring device, the Chameleon-II (Radic Research), was used for the first time. It was designed for the application of Spectral Induced Polarization over a wide frequency range and is usable under challenging conditions, for example in field sites under periglacial influence and the presence of permafrost. Amongst other improvements, compared to a previous generation, the new system is equipped with longer cables and larger power, such that we can now achieve larger penetration depths up to 10 m. Moreover, it is equipped with technology to reduce electromagnetic coupling effects which can distort the desired subsurface signal. The second development is a method to estimate ice content quantitatively from five Cole-Cole parameters obtained from spectral two-dimensional inversion results. The method is based on a description of the subsurface as a mixture of two components (matrix and ice) and uses a previously suggested relationship between frequency-dependent electrical permittivity and ice content. Measurements on a permafrost site near Yakutsk, Russia, were carried out to test the entire procedure under real conditions at the field scale. We demonstrate that the spectral signal of ice can clearly be identified even in the raw data, and show that the spectral 2-D inversion algorithm is suitable to obtain the multidimensional distribution of electrical parameters. The parameter distribution and the estimated ice content agree reasonably well with previous knowledge of the field site from borehole and geophysical investigations. We conclude that the method is able to provide quantitative ice content estimates, and that relationships that have been tested in the laboratory may be applied at the field scale.
An Important Genetic Material for the Turkish Goat Production: The Maltese Goat
Authors: TÖLÜ Cemil , SAVAŞ Türker
Published: June 2021

As is clearly understood from its name, the origin of Maltese goats come from Malta Island. Different information exist about past of the Maltese goats. Numbers of the goats that had been brought to our country long time ago are in the critical threshold. In this study, some of the morphologic and other characteristics of the genotype of Maltese goats which have been husbandred in the experimental farm of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University has been meticulously investigated. While almost all the colors are observed in Maltese goats, black mottled and red mottled are the dominant ones. The goats with long, broad and baggy ears from the middle, are mostly hornless. In some individual of the genotype which have weak breast connection to the body, excessive baggy breast have been observed. Just as Maltese goats share similarity with goat of Damascus and Kilis in terms of body size, they look like goats of Kilis, Damascus, Hair, Norduz and Honamlı in terms of live weights. Maltese goats are quite promising with regard to kid production because of high level of litter size (2.4 kid/goat), growing ability of kids (123-209 g/day) and distinction of health features. Besides efficient milk yield (108-539 kg/lactation) they have considerably good level of milk protein and milk fat. As conclusion, the Maltese goat breed is a good alternative for semi-extensive production conditions.
Cocentaina, el pueblo que se rebeló contra su señor por las escrituras del Archivo condal
Authors: Sánchez González Antonio
Published: June 2021

La noche del 2 de noviembre de 1751 el conde organizó en su villa de Cocentaina una serie de divertimentos para distraer la atención de la población, al objeto de poder sacar durante la madrugada el Archivo del condado con destino a Madrid. Era aquella una época en la que la nobleza concentraba los Archivos de sus estados señoriales como medida acorde con el centralismo borbónico.

De los contenidos de aquel Archivo con las escrituras del condado alicantino de Cocentaina que dio nombre a la comarca del Comtat, trata este artículo, así como de su sistema de organización y descripción documental.
Aproximación al estudio de los niños expósitos en la Sevilla de finales del siglo XVI y primera mitad del XVII a través del análisis de los libros de bautismo
Authors: Pérez González Silvia María , Arias Pérez Baltasar
Published: June 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar los niños expósitos de Sevilla a finales del siglo XVI y la primera mitad del XVII. En este sentido quiere ser una aportación al panorama de la beneficencia española en relación con los niños abandonados durante la Modernidad, panorama que, pese a que aún manifiesta ciertos desequilibrios, se ha visto enormemente enriquecido con nuevos estudios abordados desde perspectivas multiinstitucionales. La base documental en la que el mismo se basa está constituida por 5.600 partidas aportadas por los libros de bautismos conservados en la parroquia de la Magdalena. Por ello sus principales objetivos son estudiar la situación de los expósitos en cuanto a las cifras anuales de niños abandonados, los porcentajes por sexo, la onomástica, los vínculos familiares y los espirituales a partir de las figuras de los padrinos, así como la respuesta de la Iglesia y la religiosidad a este fenómeno.
The Chronic Liver Diseases from Autoimmune cause, Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH): Updating Review
Authors: Abdullah Baydaa Hameed , Waheed Huda Jaber , Alnaqqash Zahraa A.E
Published: June 2021

The classic autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) are one of the main causes of chronic liver disease; which include primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) constitute and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).This pathological condition represents an immune attack on the bile epithelial liver cells, which leads to chronic inflammation in the liver, due to the proliferation of cells and the deposition of the matrix proteins between the hepatocytes and their types. Then the liver cells gradually lose their functions until the liver reaches the stage of myofibroblasts.The liver lost its functions inevitably and gradually gets until the liver loses its normal size leads to high blood pressure in the hepatic portal vein and from here begins the rapid deterioration of the liver condition so this requires follow-up and monitoring of liver cirrhosis and at this stage requires a liver biopsy examination In this case, liver transplantation is the effective and golden treatment option for liver disease at this stage. The abundance of MHC receptors class II in the surface liver cells, genetic predisposition or due to acute infection of the liver, leads to an immune response in the body, which leads to autoimmune hepatitis. This abnormal immune response leads to persistent hepatitis, which may lead to more symptoms and complications such as fatigue and cirrhosis. The disease may be related to race or age, diagnosis is often after the age of 40 years.
Cosmeceuticals. Composition and effects
Authors:   Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomii, Prawa i Nauk Medycznych im. E. Lipińskiego w Kielcach, Marwicka Justyna , Gałuszka Aleksandra ,   Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Kotwica Małgorzata ,   Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
Published: June 2021

Cosmeceuticals are preparations that are described in numerous scientific and popular science works as combining the features of a drug and a cosmetic. They are cosmetics, but unlike the traditional ones, they contain a high concentration of active ingredients, usually plant-based, obtained with the use of modern pharmacy, biotechnology and molecular biology techniques. The aim of the study was to present, based on scientific literature, cosmeceuticals as multi-ingredient products and their impact on human skin. Active substances contained in cosmeceuticals cause their more intense action than traditional cosmetics. Therefore, they should be used based on the professional advice of a cosmetologist, pharmacist or doctor.
Influence of ultrasonic liposuction on cellulite reduction. Diet as part of therapy
Authors:   Instytut J’adore, Domagalska Marta
Published: June 2021

Cellulite, popularly known as orange peel, has become an affliction of around 80-95% of the world’s population. Until now, it was believed that it occurs only in women, but after many years of research it turned out that it can also occur in men. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic liposuction in anti-cellulite therapy based on the conducted study. The causes, symptoms and preventive measures were presented. Currently, cellulite is seen mainly as an aesthetic problem. However, it has been proven that at a more advanced stage it can lead to serious lesions. There are many methods of cellulite therapy available, but due to the complexity of the problem, systematic and multi-target activities are important, taking into account diet and physical activity.
Knowledge and Attitude of Blood Donors Towards Hepatitis B Virus Risk Behaviour in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: O.F. Adeyemo , B.O. Olugasa , A. Olarinmoye , A. Betiku
Published: June 2021

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a major global health concern, responsible for estimated 500,000 to 1.2 million human deaths each year. The clinical manifestations of HBV-related deaths that usually arise after chronic-hepatitis include liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The transfusion of blood is a critical risk point for inadvertent transmission of Hepatitis B virus at emergency healthcare points. This poses a significant public health challenge especially in developing countries. The impact of this challenge in Ikenne Local Government area is yet to be estimated. This study was designed to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of blood donors in the four major towns in Ikenne Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. A questionnaire survey enlisted 143 blood donors at selected blood banks in Ikenne, Ilishan, Iperu and Irolu towns in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, from February 4th to March 24th, 2021. Data collected were summarized using descriptive and correlation test statistics. Some 120 (93.9%) of the respondents were 18-34 years old. Unpaid donors accounted for 102 (78%) of the respondents. 2.8% of the respondents were confirmed positive for Hepatitis B virus before. Some 113 (86.9%) agreed that people should freely go for laboratory screening. Two-third 82 (63.1%) of the respondents indicated they knew where to get screened. Respondents’ knowledge was scored 2.423 ± 0.963, while a weak positive correlation was found between respondents’ knowledge and their risk behaviour (R = 0.296; P = <0.0001). The mean ± standard deviation of attitude of respondents was 4.207 ± 0.859, while a weak positive correlation was found between respondents’ Attitude and their risk behaviour (R = 0.225; P = < 0.010). Blood donors previously screened for the virus in general had better knowledge and behavioural attitudes that were compliant with Hepatitis B prevention, compared with previously unscreened individuals who exhibited high risk behaviour to the virus.
Výskum kvality života príslušníkov Policajného zboru a Ozbrojených síl Slovenskej republiky z pohľadu sociálneho zabezpečenia
Authors:   Akadémia Policajného zboru, Ivančík Radoslav
Published: June 2021

Police officers and professional soldiers represent a unique, special, distinctive, and irreplaceable resource, necessary for the successful functioning of the Police Force and the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic — organizations directly involved in ensuring the security and defence of the state and its inhabitants. It is they who, with their work, activities, will and commitment, not only participate in the creation of strategies, intentions, and directions of development of both organizations, but also ensure the fulfilment of their mission and the achievement of set goals. Managing the successful and effective functioning of both armed security corps and achieving the desired results requires the constant development of human resources, their management, motivation and ensuring an adequate quality of life for police officers and professional soldiers and their families — corresponding to the demands and risks arising from the police and military professions. One of the key elements in ensuring a satisfactory quality of life is a special social security system. Therefore, the primary scientific goal of the presented study is a comparative analysis of the current development of opinions of members of the Police Force and the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic on the quality of their lives in terms of their social security benefits.
CORRELATION BETWEEN SLEEP APNEA AND METHADONE THERAPY
Authors:   Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University – Varna, Madjova Christiana , Chokanov Simeon ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University – Varna, Milkov Mario ,   Department of Dental Materials Science, and Propaedeutics of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University – Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Methadone therapy is the mainstay of treatment of addict patients. The most common side effects are: dizziness, drowsiness, vomiting, sweating, dry mouth and constipation. The more serious complications that can be observed are: sleep apnea, аbnormal heart rhythms, respiratory problems, euphoria, disorientation, anxiety, seizures and more. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between methadone maintenance treatment and sleep apnea in addict patients. Materials and methods: The subject of the study are 81 methadone-treated drug-dependent patients, mean age 39 ± 9,07 years. Results: The answers we received: 79% (64) of drug addicts have problems with sleep; 30.9% of them (25) reported having insomnia; 44.4% (36) experience morning fatigue; 56.8% (46) of the respondents said they were drowsy during the day and 63% of the respondents reported a change in mood; 21% (17) had a short sleep, and 26% (21)reported snoring and 18 of them have loud bothering snoring; 68% answered that they don't have problems with falling asleep and only 21% don’t wake up frequently in the evening. In 83.9% nobody noticed cessation of breathing during sleep. 73.8% never nodded off or fallen asleep while driving a vehicle. 16.1% have been treated for high blood preasure, and only 2.5% have obesity. Conclusions: Our survey found that there is a correlation between methadone therapy and sleep of patients. The key to improving the condition and reducing the risk of central sleep apnea is the monitoring of patients, as well as a combination of different types of treatment.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Perawat dalam Penanganan Pasien Covid-19 di Rumah Sakit Siloam Makassar
Authors: Astin Anastasia , Paembonan Aprilianti
Published: June 2021

Penularan virus corona yang sangat cepat dan penambahan jumlah kasus yang secara signifikan terus meningkat dari hari ke hari menyebabkan petugas medis sebagai garda depan mengalami banyak tekanan akibat meningkatnya beban kerja, sehingga menimbulkan rasa khwatir mengenai kesehatan mereka bahkan merasa khwatir dapat menularkan virus tersebut ke orang lain terutama untuk keluarga mereka. Hal ini menimbulkan adanya perasaan takut dan cemas dari para tenaga medis yang merawat pasien Covid-19.Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan kecemasan perawat dalam penanganan pasien Covid-19 di Rumah Sakit Siloam Makassar yang dilaksanakan pada bulan januari sampai februari 2021. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional study dengan teknik pengambilan sampel  total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 50. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner zung self-anxiety scale (ZSAS). Uji statistik yang digunakan yaitu uji chi- square dengan tingkat kemaknaan berdasarkan nilai  p = 0,05 dan diperoleh hasil kepercayaan terhadap penggunaan APD dengan nilai p = 0,004, usia nilai p = 0,000 dan status perkawinan nilai p = 0,001. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan kepercayaan terhadap penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD), usia dan status perkawinan dengan tingkat kecemasan perawat dalam penangan covid 19.
Persepsi Masyarakat Mengenai Kesadaran Mematuhi Protokol Kesehatan
Authors: Rita  , Kasitai Ruth
Published: June 2021

Protokol kesehatan merupakan suatu metode yang harus diterapkan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan setiap hari, seperti memakai masker, menjaga jarak, cuci tangan serta menghindari kerumunan untuk mencegah penyebaran covid-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat mengenai protokol kesehatan dan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat mengenai dampak dari protokol kesehatan. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengambilan partisipan menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling yaitu purposive sampling. Partisipan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang. Data yang dikumpulkan menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan catatan lapangan sebagai alat bantu pengumpulan data. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis isi (content analysis). Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan 3 tema utama yaitu masyarakat tidak memiliki keyakinan terhadap penyakit covid 19, tindakan masyarakat untuk menghindari penyebaran covid 19 dan menyadari akan adanya bahaya covid 19. Oleh sebab itu, pentingnya peran tenaga kesehatan untuk meningkatkan edukasi kepada masyarakat agar masyarakat lebih sadar dan mematuhi protokol kesehatan
İNKÜBASYON, MENTORLUK, YATIRIM VE EĞİTİMİN YENİ KURULAN FİRMALAR ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: TALAK Kezban
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada literatür araştırması ile, inkübasyon, yatırım, eğitim ve mentorluğun işletme üzerindeki etkisini ölçmek için yapılan bazı çalışmalar değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm bu alanlarda, genellikle veri eksikliği, mevcut verilerin güvenilirliği, kalitesi, yüksek düzeyde heterojenlik ve çalışmalar arasındaki karşılaştırılabilirlik konularıyla ilişkili olarak etkinin ölçülmesinde ciddi zorlukların olduğu gözlenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle; işletme inkübasyonu kavramsal ve kuramsal çerçevede ele alınacaktır. Daha sonra, yatırım, işletme eğitimi ve mentorluk hakkında bilgi verilecektir. İşletme inkübasyonu, mentorluk, yatırım ve eğitimin yeni kurulan şirketler üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin mevcut bulgular, nicel ve nitel bir bakış açısıyla etki değerlendirmeleri, bu alanlardaki etkinin ölçülmesinin zorlukları tartışılacak ve literatür taramasından elde edilen bulgular sunulacaktır.
ANNALES’TEN TARİHSEL SOSYOLOJİYE BİR KÖPRÜ: HALİL İNALCIK
Authors: AYBUDAK Utku
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlı araştırmaları siyasi tarihçilik perspektifinden sosyal ve iktisadi tarihçilik perspektifine kayarken İnalcık’ın tarih anlayışının ve eserlerinin bu değişim sürecindeki konumunu ve işlevini tayin etmektir. Annales ekolü Türk tarihçiliğini giderek daha fazla etkilerken İnalcık bu etkilenmenin baş aktörlerinden birisi olarak kabul edilebilir. Ancak genelde İnalcık üzerindeki Annales etkilerinden bahsedilirken tarihsel akış devam ettirilmemektedir. Hâlbuki dünyada ve Türkiye’de yeni akımlar ve yaklaşımlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Dünya-sistemleri analizi de bunlardan birisidir. İnalcık’ın dünya-sistemleri analizi ile irtibatı pek fazla ele alınmamıştır. Osmanlı’ya dünya-sistemleri analizi çerçevesinde yaklaşan öncü araştırmacılar için bunu mümkün kılan isim İnalcık’tır. Tarihsel olarak İnalcık, Osmanlı araştırmalarının Annales etkisine girdiği bir dönemde eserler vermiş ve verdiği eserler sayesinde Osmanlı’yı tarihsel sosyoloji ve dünya-sistemleri analizi çerçevesinde ele almak mümkün hale gelmiştir.
Enacted Pedagogical Content Knowledge Profiles of Chemistry Teachers
Authors: Can Hatice Belge
Published: June 2021

This research focuses on chemistry teachers’ enacted pedagogical content knowledge (ePCK) in equilibrium in chemical reactions. The enactment dimension of this pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) encompasses enacted knowledge and skills as well as those embedded in practice concerning the Refined Consensus Model of PCK, the most recent PCK model in science education. As ePCK plays out throughout the whole pedagogical cycle, it was conceptualized as to exist in three forms, such that ePCKP, ePCKT, and ePCKR. While ePCKP and ePCKR represent the knowledge and skills that a teacher uses for planning and reflecting respectively, ePCKT is related to what a teacher does in the classroom. The holistic nature of ePCK was investigated by using multiple data sources in real-life contexts. Specifically, pre-and post-observation interviews and lesson observations were used to elicit ePCK profiles and to provide triangulation. The grand rubric was customized for use both as an interview protocol and as an observational protocol for analyzing all of the three dimensions of ePCK around the analytical parameters of knowledge and skills related to curricular saliency, conceptual teaching strategies, and student understanding of science. Results revealed that chemistry teachers’ ePCK profiles are not uniform across planning, teaching, and reflecting phases, ePCK components, and evaluation criteria. Chemistry teachers perform highest in reflection concerning conceptual teaching strategies and lowest in teaching in terms of curricular saliency. Recommendations for science PCK research were shared.
Yaguas de la Amazonía peruana
Authors: Chaumeil Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo se limitará a censar y a repartir la población Yagua de la Amazonía peruana (provincia de Maynas) que representa numéricamente la gran mayoría de la sociedad global. En efecto, no ignoramos que existen algunas familias Yagua en Colombia y en Brasil.
nativos y su territorio: El caso de los Jivaro Achuara en la Amazonía Peruana
Authors: Uriarte Luis
Published: June 2021

El artículo pretende documentar criterios objetivos que asistan al Estado en una mejor demarcación y titulación de territorios nativos en la Amazonía. Por ello se omitirán ciertas variables socioculturales, menos cuantificables, que podrían a ese nivel oscurecer el tema. Mi enfoque será estrictamente legal, ecológico y económico.
Nacer es un ritual: Compadrazgo, Cuvada y Padrinazgo Indígena
Authors: Zarzar Alonso
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es discutir las explicaciones más importantes respecto a las variaciones del complejo del compadrazgo y proponer un acercamiento más significativo, mediante la incorporación en el análisis de prácticas rituales semejantes, más allá de la influencia del cristianismo, como es el caso de la cuvada y un caso en el cual el nacimiento mismo conlleva ceremonias rituales.
Cuestión de la realidad en la Amazonía: Un análisis a partir del estudio de la doctrina del Santo Daime
Authors: Monteiro Clodomir
Published: June 2021

El posible pensar, siguiendo el raciocinio, que el "principio de realidad" de las minorías cognitivas en la Amazonía, no sólo no es uniforme sino contrastante con los modelos de lectura de lo real del pensamiento científico, tecnológico y utilitarista. En este sentido, será irrelevante discutir si tales modelos de lectura pretenden o no conducir los destinos de la Amazonía, defendiendo la transformación o intangibilidad de ésta, en función de intereses nacionales o universales.
Niveles de desarrollo relativo en la Selva Alta Peruana 1972
Authors: Lesevic Bruno
Published: June 2021

El autor presenta un análisis de datos censales de 1972 que permiten medir las condiciones sociales y económicas de las 20 provincias de nuestro bosque tropical alto. Este análisis incluye indicadores de mortalidad, niveles socioeconómicos, servicios básicos de vivienda y principales tipos de construcción de viviendas, y compara el bienestar socioeconómico de estas provincias entre sí.
Muratos: Una síntesis histórica
Authors: Amadio Massimo
Published: June 2021

Este es un acercamiento interesante a las fuentes existentes sobre los "muratos", un grupo étnico poco conocido. El autor da información geográfica, lingüística e histórica sobre el grupo desde que aparecieron las primeras referencias en las crónicas misioneras en el siglo XVIII. * Esta investigación, de la cual hemos presentado solo una parte, nos permite determinar que los muratos derivan de los maynas, y muestra su afiliación lingüística con la lengua jíbaro.Las fuentes tratadas se proyectan hasta la actualidad dando un panorama muy completo de las fuentes disponibles.
Políticas poblacionales en la Amazonia Peruana
Authors: Mertens Walter
Published: June 2021

El autor siente que, para planificar cualquier tipo de desarrollo en la Amazonía, se deben asumir ciertas actitudes básicas: estudio de la situación y acción amazónica coherente con sus conclusiones, y respeto por una dentidad cultural que se ha forjado a lo largo de los siglos.Este artículo es una exposición de diversas políticas que se han propuesto y puesto en práctica con respecto al desarrollo en esta región del Perú. A lo largo del artículo podemos ver cómo algunas de estas políticas han intentado y tratan de considerar a la Amazonía de manera integral como parte de la nación peruana, y cómo otras han considerado a la región como el granero del país y un territorio que puede ser irradiados y explotados en un momento dado.
Uso Oficial de la Selva en el Perú Republicano
Authors: Walker Charles
Published: June 2021

El siguiente artículo es un análisis de la política oficial aplicada en la ocupación del territorio amazónico a lo largo de los siglos XIX y XX; subrayando los orígenes, cambios y ramificación de esta política. El autor afirma que la variedad de grupos que apoyan o se oponen a planes para el desarrollo de la Amazonía peruana comparten una interpretación ahistórica de la región. Los análisis históricos se concentran más en la transformación económica que en la continuidad entre las distintas etapas o períodos que van desde las migraciones de europeos por colonización (1820 a 1880), el boom del caucho (1880 a 1920) y el período desde 1920 cuando la Amazonía es visto por los intelectuales positivistas peruanos, influenciados por Turner, como una "solución" política conveniente para los problemas sociales y económicos de la costa y el altiplano peruano.
identificación de los Mocetene a través de las Fuentes
Authors: Aldazabal Verónica Beatriz
Published: June 2021

Este artículo utiliza documentos históricos para identificar y determinar la ubicación geográfica, desde el siglo XVII, de los Mocetene de la región del Beni de Bolivia.
Aproximaciones al estudio del autoconcepto y la Identidad Social en grupos étnicos de la Amazonia Peruana
Authors: Cárdenas Timoteo Clara
Published: June 2021

Este artículo se basa en un estudio del Shipibo-Conibo, ubicado en el Departamento de Ucayali en el oriente peruano. Utilizando la teoría y los métodos psicológicos, el autor proporciona material descriptivo comparativo sobre el tema de la identidad étnica. Este se presenta y mide de acuerdo con lo que los psicólogos llaman el "autoconcepto". El autor usó tres grupos: estudiantes shipibo que viven en sus aldeas, estudiantes shipibo que viven en la ciudad mestiza de Pucallpa y estudiantes mestizos en esa misma ciudad.
Educación Bilingüe en Puno: lo hecho y lo por hacer
Authors: López Luis Enrique
Published: June 2021

El origen del Programa Educativo Bilingüe en Puno está relacionado con la reforma educativa del gobierno del General Velasco. Desde entonces, esta experiencia ha sufrido modificaciones debido a las orientaciones opuestas de los sucesivos gobiernos. A pesar de estos problemas, este programa, que está orientado a hablantes de quechua y aymara, en su mayoría campesinos, ha logrado importantes resultados y actualmente se encuentra en una fase de consolidación. Es posible que muy pronto la experiencia se extienda a toda la región.
Dilemas que se presentan en los primeros contactos con un grupo étnico aislado
Authors: Dagget James
Published: June 2021

Los llamados Nahua, conocidos también como Yura, habitan el Parque Nacional del Manu a lo largo de las cabeceras del Mishagua. En este artículo se vierte las experiencias que el    ILV tuvo con este grupo étnico, cuyos contactos con el exterior, se caracterizaron por ser hostiles.
La Naturaleza del Desarrollo: Nativos y Colonos en el Gran Pajonal
Authors: Hvalkof Søren
Published: June 2021

En los últimos tiempos se viene elaborando la estrategia denominada" desarrollo sostenido", la cual relaciona íntimamente los conceptos de naturaleza y desarrollo. En este artículo podemos comparar el concepto de naturaleza que tienen los asháninka y los colonos andinos, ubicados en la meseta del Gran Pajonal. Esta conceptualización, diametralmente opuesta una de la otra, está siendo discutida para la actualización de una "estrategia de desarrollo internacional".