bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Iconography of Job
Authors: WALTER Christopher
Published: October 2015

Το άρθρο πραγματεύεται την εικονογραφία του Ιώβ απειλούμενου από τον διάβολο. Δύο καλά δείγματα αυτού του σπάνιου θέματος εντοπίζονται στο φ. 25 του χειρογράφου gr. 749 της Βατικανής Βιβλιοθήκης και στο φ. 51 του χειρογράφου αρ. 171 της Βιβλιοθήκης της Μονής Πάτμου. Ο διάβολος εικονίζεται ως τέρας που συνδυάζει τα χαρακτηριστικά φιδιού και λιονταριού. Το πλησιέστερο παράλληλο που γνωρίζει ο συγγραφέας απαντά στη μονή του Αρχαγγέλου, στην Καππαδοκία, όπου ο ίδιος ο Χριστός εικονίζεται να ποδοπατεί ένα φίδι και ένα λιοντάρι.
Η κτιτορική τοιχογραφία στο περίστωο της Παντανάσσης Φιλιππιάδος
Authors: ΒΟΚΟΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Παναγιώτης Λ.
Published: October 2015

Σπαράγματα τοιχογραφίας που βρέθηκαν στο δυτικό άκρο της νότιας στοάς του καθολικού της Μονής Παντανάσσης, βορείως της Φιλιππιάδος, ανασυνετέθησαν το 2005. Παριστάνεται ηγεμονικό ζεύγος που στέφει η Θεοτόκος και ευλογεί ο Χριστός. Λείψανα μόνο σώθηκαν από δύο πριγκηπόπουλα. Από τις αποσπασματικά σωζόμενες επιγραφές το ζεύγος ταυτίζεται με τον δεσπότη της Ηπείρου Νικηφόρο Α΄(1267-1286) και την σύζυγό του Άννα Κομνηνοδουκένη Παλαιολογίνα, στους οποίους πρέπει ν’ αποδοθεί η ανέγερση του περιστώου. Διάφορα στοιχεία οδηγούν στην απόδοση της τοιχογραφίας γύρω στο 1294.

 
Ο Greco του Antonio Palomino
Authors: ΚΑΣΤΡΙΝΑΚΗΣ Νίκος
Published: October 2015

Ο Αντόνιο Παλομίνο (1655-1726), Ισπανός ζωγράφος και θεωρητικός της τέχνης, είναι συγγραφέας μιας πραγματείας περί τέχνης με τίτλο El museo pictorico y escala optica, η οποία τυπώθηκε για πρώτη φορά στη Μαδρίτη, σε δύο τόμους (1715-1724). Στο τρίτο μέρος του έργου παρουσιάζονται οι Βίοι 226 καλλιτεχνών, μεταξύ αυτών και του Δομήνικου Θεοτοκόπουλου. Το άρθρο επιχειρεί να ερμηνεύσει για ποιον λόγο ο Γκρέκο αναδεικνύεται από τον Παλομίνο ήρωας της ισπανικής ζωγραφικής, στον οποίο «όλοι οι δάσκαλοι αυτής της τέχνης οφείλουν αιώνια ευγνωμοσύνη».
Η αρχιτεκτονική του ναού των Αγίων Αποστόλων στο Άργος Καλύμνου
Authors: ΚΑΠΠΑΣ Μιχάλης
Published: October 2015

Η εκκλησία των Αγίων Αποστόλων στο Άργος Καλύμνου, μετόχι της μονής του Αγίου Ιωάννη του Θεολόγου στην Πάτμο, είναι ένας σταυροειδής ναός με αρκετές ιδιοτυπίες. Προσγράφεται σε μια πρώιμη εκδοχή απλού τετράστυλου σταυροειδούς εγγεγραμμένου, στον οποίο έχει περιοριστεί η δρομικότητα των μεταβατικών, ενώ τα γωνιακά διαμερίσματα καλύπτονται με στραυροθόλια και επικοινωνούν με τις σταυρικές κεραίες μέσω μεγάλων σχετικά ανοιγμάτων. Στο κεντρικό διαμέρισμα του ναού υψώνεται αντί τρούλου ένας χαμηλός θόλος, τμήματος σφαίρας, ο οποίος στηρίζεται σε τέσσερις πεσσούς σχήματος Τ. Στο άρθρο επιχειρείται η ανάλυση επιμέρους μορφολογικών και τυπολογικών ζητημάτων, βάσει της οποίας προκρίνεται η χρονολόγηση του μνημείου μεταξύ 10ου και 11ου αιώνα.
Ο θεομητορικός κύκλος στον ναό της Παναγίας στο Ανισαράκι Κάνδανου: Εικονογραφικές ιδιαιτερότητες
Authors: ΞΑΝΘΑΚΗ Θέτις
Published: October 2015

Τα επτά επεισόδια του θεομητορικού κύκλου στον ναό της Παναγίας στο Ανισαράκι Κανδάνου, έργο της τελευταίας τριακονταετίας του 14ου αιώνα, παρουσιάζουν ενδιαφέρον λόγω τόσο της συμπόρευσης της «αρχαΐζουσας» με τη νεωτερική τεχνοτροπία όσο και της συνύπαρξης υστεροβυζαντινών και δυτικότροπων εικονογραφικών στοιχείων. Η παράσταση της Ευλογηθείσας εν τω ναώ αποτελεί το μοναδικό γνωστό παράδειγμα ενός «δυτικού» θέματος στη βυζαντινή μνημειακή ζωγραφική, ενώ η ιδιόρρυθμη απεικόνιση της Κολακείας συνδυάζει την Επταβηματίζουσα με την παραδοσιακή Κολακεία, όπως και στην Dečani.
Δύο αμφιπρόσωπες εικόνες του Χριστού και της Παναγίας στη Ρόδο
Authors: ΑΧΕΙΜΑΣΤΟΥ-ΠΟΤΑΜΙΑΝΟΥ Μυρτάλη
Published: October 2015

Οι δύο αμφιπρόσωπες εικόνες του Μεσαιωνικού Μουσείου της Ρόδου με τον Χριστό Παντοκράτορα και τη Θεοτόκο αποτελούσαν αρχικά ζεύγος δεσποτικών του τέμπλου. Είναι έργα εξαίρετου και πιθανόν Κωνσταντινουπολίτη ζωγράφου και φιλοτεχνήθηκαν περί τα μέσα του 14ου αιώνα. Στην ίδια περίπου εποχή τοποθετούνται ακόμη δύο αμφιπρόσωπες εικόνες με τη Σταύρωση και τον ευαγγελιστή Λουκά στη δεύτερη όψη τους, σημαντικά έργα ενός, επίσης, ζωγράφου. Διατυπώνεται η υπόθεση ότι αυτές, καθώς και η λαμπρή αμφιπρόσωπη εικόνα της Παναγίας και του αγίου Νικολάου στο ίδιο Μουσείο περιλαμβάνονταν ίσως στα κειμήλια που δωρήθηκαν από τον αυτοκράτορα Μανουήλ Β΄ Παλαιολόγο, πριν το 1394, στον Fr. Domenico d’ Alamania, αμιράλη του Τάγματος των Ιπποτών του Αγίου Ιωάννη της Ρόδου.
Πήλινα φιαλίδια-ευλογίες από τα Δωδεκάνησα
Authors: ΚΑΤΣΙΩΤΗ Αγγελική
Published: October 2015

Εξετάζονται δεκαπέντε πήλινα φιαλίδια-ευλογίες που βρέθηκαν στα Δωδεκάνησα, ανήκουν στις συλλογές της 4ης Εφορείας Βυζαντινών Αρχαιοτήτων και χρονολογούνται στον 6ο και 7ο αιώνα. Προέρχονται από την Αίγυπτο (ευλογίες του Αγίου Μηνά) και από τη Μικρά Ασία, πιθανότατα από την Έφεσο. Οι μικρασιατικές ευλογίες απεικονίζουν τον άγιο Ιωάννη τον Θεολόγο, την αγία Θέκλα, πιθανότατα τον άγιο Φωκά, και τον προφήτη Δανιήλ, ενώ οι υπόλοιπες κοσμούνται με ανεικονικά θέματα. Με σχετική ακρίβεια μπορεί να χρονολογηθεί ευλογία που βρέθηκε σε στρώμα καταστροφής του τρίτου τετάρτου του 6ου αι. στην Κω.
Η Αγία Ειρήνη (Ρηνάκι) στην Πλάκα
Authors: ΒΟΓΙΑΤΖΗΣ Σωτήρης
Published: October 2015

Η Αγία Ειρήνη είναι ένας μικρός μονόχωρος ναός επί της οδού Ναυάρχου Νικοδήμου στην Αθήνα, με διαστάσεις μαζί με την ημικυκλική αψίδα του ιερού 6Χ6 μ. Σήμερα καλύπτεται με δίρριχτη στέγη. Στον βόρειο και νότιο τοίχο διαγράφονται τοξωτά αψιδώματα, τα οποία στηρίζονται σε μαρμάρινα spolia του 7ου–8ου αιώνα. Στο εσωτερικό του ναού βρέθηκαν ίχνη μεσοβυζαντινών τοιχογραφιών. Στην αρχική του φάση που μπορεί να χρονολογηθεί στον 10ο-11ο αιώνα ο ναός είχε τη μορφή τρίκλιτης ξυλόστεγης βασιλικής. Η επόμενη φάση χρονολογείται στην Τουρκοκρατία, ενώ κατά τον 19ο αιώνα ο ναός απέκτησε τη σημερινή του μορφή.
Leukocyte telomere length and hippocampus volume: a meta-analysis
Authors: Nilsonne Gustav , Tamm Sandra , Månsson Kristoffer N. T. , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Lekander Mats
Published: October 2015

Leukocyte telomere length has been shown to correlate to hippocampus volume, but effect estimates differ in magnitude and are not uniformly positive. This study aimed primarily to investigate the relationship between leukocyte telomere length and hippocampus gray matter volume by meta-analysis and secondarily to investigate possible effect moderators. Five studies were included with a total of 2107 participants, of which 1960 were contributed by one single influential study. A random-effects meta-analysis estimated the effect to r = 0.12 [95% CI -0.13, 0.37] in the presence of heterogeneity and a subjectively estimated moderate to high risk of bias. There was no evidence that apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype was an effect moderator, nor that the ratio of leukocyte telomerase activity to telomere length was a better predictor than leukocyte telomere length for hippocampus volume. This meta-analysis, while not proving a positive relationship, also is not able to disprove the earlier finding of a positive correlation in the one large study included in analyses. We propose that a relationship between leukocyte telomere length and hippocamus volume may be mediated by transmigrating monocytes which differentiate into microglia in the brain parenchyma.
Make explosive discoveries!
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: October 2015

Key stage 2 pupils will be fascinated by these experiments, which demonstrate the properties of explosions and the relationship between cause and effect.
Approaching problems from the right angle
Authors: Davis John
Published: October 2015

Use these activities with key stage 2 pupils to explore the rules of 2D shapes and carry out simple tests on shape and rigidity following John Davis' diagrams.
Play on: why schools need to make music
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: October 2015

Claire Hewson explores the importance of music to children's wellbeing and learning, and suggests practical steps to giving it the attention it deserves.
Space to live and learn
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: October 2015

With its state-of-the-art classrooms, rooftop garden and multi-use sports facility, the design of a new school in West London aims to fulfil the borough's holistic vision.
Social networks, social capital and poverty: panacea or placebo?
Authors: Matthews Peter , Besemer Kirsten
Published: October 2015

Our understanding of the links between social networks and the causes or solutions to poverty have been enhanced through theoretical and empirical research on the concept of social capital. In this paper we discuss how social networks and social capital have commonly been presented as a problem or a panacea in policy regarding neighbourhoods and worklessness and then contrast this with recent evidence. We conclude that policy misrecognises the links between poverty and social networks and social capital and through cuts in public services in the UK, is currently undermining social capital and social networks.
Once more on ‘popular social work’: a reply to Des McDermott
Authors: Lavalette Michael
Published: October 2015

The article by Jones and Lavalette in Critical and Radical Social Work, volume 1, number 2, entitled ‘The two souls of social work’ has provoked some debate in the journal. This response explores the concept of ‘popular social work’ and its relationship to ‘state-directed social work’ in general and radical social work in particular.
The Role of Exosomes in Breast Cancer
Authors: Lowry Michelle C , Gallagher William M , O'Driscoll Lorraine
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

Although it has been long realized that eukaryotic cells release complex vesicular structures into their environment, only in recent years has it been established that these entities are not merely junk or debris, but that they are tailor-made specialized minimaps of their cell of origin and of both physiological and pathological relevance. These exosomes and microvesicles (ectosomes), collectively termed extracellular vesicles (EVs), are often defined and subgrouped first and foremost according to size and proposed origin (exosomes approximately 30–120 nm, endosomal origin; microvesicles 120–1000 nm, from the cell membrane). There is growing interest in elucidating the relevance and roles of EVs in cancer.

CONTENT

Much of the pioneering work on EVs in cancer has focused on breast cancer, possibly because breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This review provides an in-depth summary of such studies, supporting key roles for exosomes and other EVs in breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis, stem cell stimulation, apoptosis, immune system modulation, and anti–cancer drug resistance. Exosomes as diagnostic, prognostic, and/or predictive biomarkers and their potential use in the development of therapeutics are discussed.

Although not fully elucidated, the involvement of exosomes in breast cancer development, progression, and resistance is becoming increasingly apparent from preclinical and clinical studies, with mounting interest in the potential exploitation of these vesicles for breast cancer biomarkers, as drug delivery systems, and in the development of future novel breast cancer therapies.
Cell-Free RNA Is a Reliable Fetoplacental Marker in Noninvasive Fetal Sex Determination
Authors: Mersy Elke , Faas Brigitte H W , Spierts Sabine , Houben Leonie M H , Macville Merryn V E , Frints Suzanna G M , Paulussen Aimee D C , Veltman Joris A
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

Noninvasive genetic tests that use cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) are used increasingly in prenatal care. A low amount of cffDNA can have detrimental effects on the reliability of these tests. A marker to confirm the presence of fetal nucleic acids is therefore required that is universally applicable and easy to incorporate.

METHODS

We developed a novel multiplex, single-tube, noninvasive fetal sex determination assay by combining amplification of AMELY cffDNA with one-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR of trophoblast-derived cell-free RNA (cfRNA), which functions as a sex-independent fetoplacental marker. We tested plasma samples from 75 pregnant women in duplicate in a blinded fashion. The fetus was considered to be male in the case of a positive result for AMELY and cfRNA amplification in both RT-PCRs. The fetus was considered to be female in the case of negative AMELY and positive cfRNA result in both RT-PCRs. In other cases, the test was repeated. We compared the results with invasive prenatal testing and pregnancy outcomes.

RESULTS

The AMELY cffDNA amplification and cfRNA result was unambiguous and identical in duplicate in 71 of 75 plasma samples (95%). Four samples (5%) required an extra replicate because of an absent fetoplacental marker. Thereafter, fetal sex was correctly determined in all 75 plasma samples.

CONCLUSIONS

Amplification of trophoblast-derived cfRNA is a reliable marker for the confirmation of the presence of fetoplacentally derived nucleic acids in noninvasive fetal sex determination.
A sketch of the universe – the visual influences of D’Arcy Thompson’s On Growth and Form
Authors: Jarron Matthew
Published: October 2015

D’Arcy Thompson’s groundbreaking book On Growth and Form (1917) pioneered the science of mathematical biology. Its literary qualities have been frequently commented upon but arguably more influential have been its illustrations, particularly the famous transformation diagrams. This article discusses the origins and context of these iconic images, exploring D’Arcy Thompson’s own artistic and scientific interests, the long development of his controversial theories and the other collaborators involved, including illustrators Doris MacKinnon and Helen Ogilvie. It explores the various influences that the images have had in science, geography and particularly in art. Many notable artists have been drawn to the images and visual analogies of D’Arcy Thompson’s work, and the article concludes by describing examples ranging from the early graphic work of Henry Moore to the illustrative exercises created by Richard Hamilton and Victor Pasmore for their pioneering Basic Design Course, and on to current artists including Lindsay Sekulowicz and Gemma Anderson.
Nutzung von Hochschulbibliotheken
Authors: Vogel Bernd
Published: October 2015

Eine empirische Studie des Hochschul-Informations-Systems (HIS) hat im Jahr 20131

Vogel, Bernd; Woisch, Andreas. Orte des Selbststudiums. Eine empirische Studie zur zeitlichen und räumlichen Organisation des Lernens von Studierenden. Hannover, 2013.

die zeitliche und räumliche Organisation des Selbststudiums von Studierenden untersucht. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass rund zwei Drittel der Studierenden am liebsten zu Hause lernen, während ein Drittel das Selbststudium in der Hochschule vorzieht. Beim Selbststudium in der Hochschule lernen die Studierenden am häufigsten in der Bibliothek (Universitäten 4 Stunden / Woche; Fachhochschulen 1,7 Stunden / Woche). Insgesamt lässt sich auch eine starke Polarisierung der Studierenden aus den Daten herauslesen: Viele Studierende lernen wenig in der Hochschule, wenige Studierende lernen viel in der Hochschule und erzeugen den Hauptbedarf an Arbeitsplätzen. Aus dem zeitlichen Aufwand für das Selbststudium, den die Studierenden angegeben haben, werden Planungsempfehlungen für den Bedarf an Arbeitsplätzen für das Selbststudium in den Hochschulen und speziell in den Hochschulbibliotheken abgeleitet.
Acute hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis response to LPS-induced endotoxemia: expression pattern of kinin type B1 and B2 receptors
Authors: Qadri Fatimunnisa , Rimmele Florian , Mallis Lisa , Häuser Walter , Dendorfer Andreas , Jöhren Olaf , Dominiak Peter , Leeb-Lundberg L.M. Fredrik , Bader Michael
Published: October 2015

Bradykinin (BK) and des-Arg9-BK are pro-inflammatory mediators acting via B2 (B2R) and B1 (B1R) receptors, respectively. We investigated the role of B2R and B1R in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation in SD rats. LPS given intraperitoneally (ip) up-regulated B1R mRNA in the hypothalamus, both B1R and B2R were up-regulated in pituitary and adrenal glands. Receptor localization was performed using immunofluorescence staining. B1R was localized in the endothelial cells, nucleus supraopticus (SON), adenohypophysis and adrenal cortex. B2R was localized nucleus paraventricularis (PVN) and SON, pituitary and adrenal medulla. Blockade of B1R prior to LPS further increased ACTH release and blockade of B1R 1 h after LPS decreased its release. In addition, we evaluated if blockade of central kinin receptors influence the LPS-induced stimulation of hypothalamic neurons. Blockade of both B1R and B2R reduced the LPS-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus. Our data demonstrate that a single injection of LPS induced a differential expression pattern of kinin B1R and B2R in the HPA axis. The tissue specific cellular localization of these receptors indicates that they may play a crucial role in the maintenance of body homeostasis during endotoxemia.
DM Water Plant Sedimentation as a Cheap and Waste Source of Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Moradi Gholamreza , Mohadesi Majid , Hosseini Shokoufe , Davoodbeygi Yegane , Moradi Ramin
Published: October 2015

Transesterification reaction was performed in the presence of soybean oil, methanol, and Demineralized water plant sedimentation catalyst at 60°C for 8 h in this study. Central composite design method was used to study the effect of catalyst concentration and methanol to oil molar ratio on purity and yield of produced biodiesel. The results showed catalyst concentration of 9.08 wt% and methanol to oil molar ratio of 22.49 as the optimum condition in which the values of purity and yield of the produced biodiesel in the second-order models were 99.89% and 81.83%, respectively. Experiments are in good agreement with the mentioned values as corresponded values are 99.95% and 86.68%, respectively. The catalyst was reused five times and XRF analyses showed a reduction in content of available CaO in catalyst after further usages, because of CaO extraction by methanol. Also for kinetics investigation, effects of temperature and time of the reaction on the produced biodiesel conversion at optimal condition were investigated. Rate constant at different temperatures and then activation energy were determined. Results showed high accuracy of first order kinetic model. Mean relative error of experimental data for the presented model was 2.42%.
Über die Bedeutung der objektiven und der subjektiven Deduktion der Kategorien
Authors: Moledo Fernando
Published: October 2015

In the preface to the first edition of the
Wovon handelt Kants „Typik der reinen praktischen Urteilskraft“?
Authors: Zimmermann Stephan
Published: October 2015

This paper seeks to discover the purpose of Kant’s “Typic of Pure Practical Judgement” in the
Das „Kanon-Problem“ in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft
Authors: Josifović Saša
Published: October 2015

In the
Simultaneous Sodium and Calcium Imaging from Dendrites and Axons
Authors: Miyazaki Kenichi , Ross William N.
Published: October 2015

Dynamic calcium imaging is a major technique of neuroscientists. It can reveal information about the location of various calcium channels and calcium permeable receptors, the time course, magnitude, and location of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) changes, and indirectly, the occurrence of action potentials. Dynamic sodium imaging, a less exploited technique, can reveal analogous information related to sodium signaling. In some cases, like the examination of AMPA and NMDA receptor signaling, measurements of both [Ca2+]iand [Na+]ichanges in the same preparation may provide more information than separate measurements. To this end, we developed a technique to simultaneously measure both signals at high speed and sufficient sensitivity to detect localized physiologic events. This approach has advantages over sequential imaging because the preparation may not respond identically in different trials. We designed custom dichroic and emission filters to allow the separate detection of the fluorescence of sodium and calcium indicators loaded together into a single neuron in a brain slice from the hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats. We then used high-intensity light emitting diodes (LEDs) to alternately excite the two indicators at the appropriate wavelengths. These pulses were synchronized with the frames of a CCD camera running at 500 Hz. Software then separated the data streams to provide independent sodium and calcium signals. With this system we could detect [Ca2+]iand [Na+]ichanges from single action potentials in axons and synaptically evoked signals in dendrites, both with submicron resolution and a good signal-to-noise ratio (S/N).
LEGAL ASPECT OF ‘GOLD FARMING’ ISLAMIC BANKING PRODUCT
Authors: Siregar Ibrahim
Published: October 2015

Legal Aspects of ‘Gold Farming’ Islamic Banking Product. Islamic banking can progress quickly through market-based product innovation. This product innovation must be in accordance with the rules laid down in Islamic law. The concept of contract in Islam should pay attention to three aspects, namely: the substance of contract law, the law that is related to the substance of the contract, and contract clarity. A contract becomes invalid if ta’alluq(dependence between two or more contracts) and shafqatayn fî al-shafqah(uncertainty arising from multiple contracts) occurs. This article explains that the ‘gold farming’ products offered by Islamic bank violate of the principles of contract in Islam. This product should be the modified further to accord with the rules of Islamic contract.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1275
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI SYARIAH DI MASYARAKAT BANJAR KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Hasan Ahmadi
Published: October 2015

Economic Development Prospects of Sharia in the Banjar Society in South Kalimantan. Currently Islamic economics, with a wide range of variants, is developing widely and dynamically. The development of Islamic finance has been extended to almost all parts of Indonesia, both in urban and rural areas. The Banjar tribe are a sub-ethnic group that inhabit the South Kalimantan area originating from the Malay coast. Islam is the foundation of culture and identity of the community of the Banjar. The presence of the Islamic economic concept in Banjar society is no longer unusual because Islamic values associated with it have become common place. The development of Islamic economics in Banjar society will continue to flourish if supported by government policy (top-down approach).DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1281
RIDDAHDAN KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA DALAM ALQURAN
Authors: Rodin Dede
Published: October 2015

Apostasy and Religious Freedom in the Alquran. The concept of apostasy should be understood in the context of religious freedom which is a basic principle of every person under Islam. Thus, the apostate merely moves religions without participating in provocative acts against Islam and Muslims, and not having imposed sanctions in this world but in the hereafter as affirmed within the verses in the Alquran. Now, it so happens that sanctions of murder mentioned by the prophet -if hadis is viewed validly- apply to the apostate who participated in provocation and hostility contrary to the administration of Islam and Muslims. This penalty is also just able to be enforced at a new practical level, if the legal provisions have become positive law which has been made into legislation or regulation by a country, so that the law is binding and applies to all the citizens.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1284
PEMBELAJARANUSHUL FIKIH BERBASIS MASALAH
Authors: Sapiudin Sapiudin
Published: October 2015

Learning Ushûl al-Fiqh Based on Problems. The goal of learning ushûl al-fiqhin order to apply the rules concerning useful arguments to obtain laws will appear successful if the model that is used triggers the student to think constructively and contextually by using participative learning principles in analyizing ushûl al-fiqhrules. The focus of problem that needs to be answered in this research is to see conceptually the effectiveness of learning ushûl al-fiqhbased on problems in reaching the applicable ushûl al-fiqhlearning goals. Based on conceptual-qualitative analysis results, I argue that model of problem-based learning with its various limitations can be used as an innovative model in learning ushûl al-fiqh.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v14i2.1288
Equações para a determinação da idade óssea e maturação sexual de crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Mauromacedo Mauro Moraes Macedo , Renatolinhares Renato Vidal , Fernandes Filho José
Published: October 2015

Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar equações de predição da Idade óssea e de um índice de maturação sexual para crianças de9 a 14 anos do gênero masculino da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.

Métodos Participaram do estudo 400 crianças e adolescentes, sendo que 300 sujeitos (75 %) tiveram seus resultados utilizados para o desenvolvimento das equações e 100 sujeitos (25 %) para a validação das mesmas. Aplicou-se o método paramétrico de regressão Stepwise Correlation, sendo as variáveis independentes constituídas por medidas antropométricas e tomando-se como base decisória o EPE (Erro Padrão de Estimativa) combinado ao índice de regressão (R) e de determinação (R2).

Resultados O modelo preditor mais significativo, correspondeu a:Idade Óssea = 0,062*Estatura(cm) + 0,426*Id.Cronol. + 0,041*MassaCorp.(Kg) - 0,390* Diâmetro Fêmur. No segundo momento, tomou-se como variável dependente a Maturação Sexual segundo os critérios de Tanner (IMT), e nesse contexto adicionou-se como variável independente a Idade Óssea (IO), calculando-se o segundo Modelo preditor nas mesmas condições de aceitabilidade anteriormente mencionadas: Índice Maturação Tuner (IMT) = 0,5423*Idade Óssea estimada - 0,0374*Estatura (cm) + 0,0388*MassaCorp (Kg).

Conclusões A obtenção de resultados por métodos não invasivos é um avanço no diagnóstico médico para prevenções de doenças, como também equações com esses objetivos, um facilitador na orientação e seleção esportiva.
El transporte motorizado como presión al bienestar en ciudades en expansión
Authors: Moreno Ceja Faustino , Zumaya Leal María del Rocío , Curiel Ballesteros Arturo
Published: October 2015

Objetivo Analizar las patologías generadas por el transporte motorizado en el contexto de la expansión urbana.

Metodología Investigación documental que consideró artículos científicos especializados en primer orden, seguido por consulta de libros y bases de datos y en tercer lugar, notas en los periódicos locales. Además de una reflexión sistemática con el juicio de expertos en salud ambiental y estudios de riesgo.

Resultados Se muestran 20 enfermedades, físicas y mentales, asociadas al transporte motorizado en un contexto de expansión urbana. Se encontró que no sólo los choferes son vulnerables ante los riesgos del transporte. Los niños y mujeres embarazadas son también grupos con alta vulnerabilidad.

Discusión Si consideramos los efectos crónicos y agudos de la expansión urbana y de algunas determinantes sociales y ambientales asociadas a riesgos sanitarios, tecnológicos, climáticos y socio-organizativos de las ciudades, el transporte es el subsistema con mayor riesgo presente en las metrópolis, y la principal área de oportunidad para mejorar el bienestar.   
Slowly rotating curzon-chazy metric
Authors: Montero-Camacho Paulo , Frutos-Alfaro Francisco , Gutiérrez-Chaves Carlos , Cordero-García Iván
Published: October 2015

A new rotation version of the Curzon-Chazy metric is found. This new metric was obtained by means of a perturbation method, in order to include slow rotation. The solution is then proved to fulfill the Einstein’s equations using a REDUCE program. Furthermore, the applications of this new solution are discussed.
Coloración de gráficas suaves
Authors: Lara-Velázquez Pedro , Gutiérrez-Andrade Miguel Ángel , De-Los-Cobos-Silva Sergio G. , Rincón-García Eric Alfredo
Published: October 2015

En este trabajo se propone un modelo de Coloración en Gráficas Suaves donde se colorea con base en ponderaciones sobre las aristas de la gráfica. Se muestra que este modelo es muy flexible e incluye otros problemas similares, tales como los problemas de Coloración Mínima, Coloración Equitativa, Coloración de Gráficas Débiles y Coloración Robusta. Se proponen también un modelo binario lineal de solución y algunas instancias de prueba.
Un santo edipico in Sarmazia. Trasformazioni romanzesche della Vita sancti Albani di Pietro de’ Natali (1330-1406) nel Principe santo di Giovanni Battista Moroni (m. 1645).
Authors:   Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Invernizzi Davide
Published: October 2015

FICTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF PIETRO DE’ NATALI’S (1330-1406) VITA SANCTI ALBANI IN GIOVANNI BATTISTA MORONI’S (D. 1645) PRINCIPE SANTO this article describes the rewriting process of Pietro de’ Natali’s Vita Sancti Albani in Giovanni Battista Moroni’s Principe Santo. through contextualising the experience among the canons of the 17th-century devotional novel and detecting the cultural and literary influences, this study explores the traits of the didactical project underpinned in the book, in which devotional purposes, moral meditations and political precepts are strongly intertwined. Finally, specific analyses are dedicated to the new geographical setting evoked in the novel, an ahistorical medieval Sarmatia (Poland); these examine the perception of a distant land and show the functional use of geographical elements to testify the historicity of an incredible story.
URINARY DYSFUNCTION AFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR RECTAL CANCER
Authors: BERALDO Fernando Bray , YUSUF Sonia Ahlaim Ibrahim , PALMA Rogério Tadeu , KHARMANDAYAN Silvia , GONÇALVES José Eduardo , WAISBERG Jaques
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe impact on quality of life attributed to treatment for rectal cancer remains high. Deterioration of the urinary function is a relevant complication within that context.ObjectiveTo detect the presence of urinary dysfunction and its risk factors among individuals underwent surgical treatment for rectal cancer.MethodsThe present prospective study analyzed 42 patients from both genders underwent surgical treatment for rectal adenocarcinoma with curative intent. The version of the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire validated for the Portuguese language was applied at two time-points: immediately before and 6 months after surgery. Risk factors for urinary dysfunction were analysed by means of logistic regression and Student’s t-test.ResultsEight (19%) participants exhibited moderate-to-severe urinary dysfunction 6 months after surgery; the average IPSS increased from 1.43 at baseline to 4.62 six months after surgery (P<0.001). None of the variables assessed as potential risk factors exhibited statistical significance, i.e., age, gender, distance from tumour to anal margin, neoadjuvant therapy, adjuvant therapy, type of surgery, surgical approach (laparoscopy or laparotomy), and duration of surgery.ConclusionThis study identified an incidence of 19% of moderate to severe urinary dysfuction after 6 months surveillance. No risk factor for urinary dysfunction was identified in this population.
EVALUATION OF LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE REAGENT STRIPS TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS IN CHILDREN WITH CIRRHOSIS
Authors: HONAR Naser , GERAMIZADEH Bita , DEHGHANI Seyed-Mohsen , KALVANDI Gholamreza , SHAHRAMIAN Iraj , RAHMANI Asghar , JAVAHERIZADEH Hazhir
Published: October 2015

BackgroundSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis is defined as an ascetic fluid infection without an evident intra-abdominal surgically treatable source. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is one of the severe complications in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Without early antibiotic treatment, this complication is associated with high mortality rate; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is necessary for survival. Leukocyte esterase reagent can rapidly diagnose the spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.ObjectiveThis study aimed to find out the diagnostic accuracy of leukocyte esterase dipstick test for the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.MethodsA single centered hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted during July 2013 to August 2014 on children with cirrhotic liver disease and ascites who were admitted in the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology in Nemazee Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Iran). All patients underwent abdominal paracentesis, and the ascitic fluid was processed for cell count, leukocyte esterase reagent strip test (Combiscreen SL10) and culture. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was defined as having a polymorphonuclear count (PMN ≥250/m3) in ascitic fluid. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of leukocyte esterase test were calculated according to the formula.ResultsTotally, 150 ascitic fluid sample of cirrhotic male patients (53.2%) and their mean age (4.33±1.88 years) were analyzed. Biliary atresia (n=44, 29.4%) and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (n=29, 19.3%) were the most frequent etiology of cirrhosis. Also, abdominal pain (68.6%) and distension (64%) were the most common presenting complaint. Of all cases, 41patients (27.35%) were diagnosed to have spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (PMN ≥250/mm3). Sensitivity and specificity of leukocyte esterase reagent test according to PMNs ≥250mm3 were 87.80% and 91.74%, also on ascitic fluid culture results were 88.23% and 77.44%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of this test in PMNs ≥250mm3 were 80% and 95.23% and in cases with positive culture 33.33% and 98.09% were obtained, respectively. Efficiency of leukocyte esterase reagent test in diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, according to PMNs ≥250mm3 and culture results were 90.66% and 78.66%.ConclusionThe leukocyte esterase strip test may be used as rapid test for diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to its high diagnostic validity.
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND DIETARY INTAKE IN NON-CIRRHOTIC ADULT CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS
Authors: GOTTSCHALL Catarina B A , PEREIRA Thainá G , RABITO Estela I , ÁLVARES-DA-SILVA Mário R
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe hepatitis C virus is one of the main causes of liver disease worldwide and may develop nutritional deficiencies.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess and compare different nutritional status methods of adult patients with chronic hepatitis C virus, and to describe inadequacies in dietary intake.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with adult outpatients with hepatitis C virus at a Brazilian hospital. Nutritional assessment included the 24-hour dietary recall, anthropometry (body weight, height, body mass index, triceps skinfold, mid-upper arm circumference, mid-arm muscle circumference, mid-upper arm muscle area, adductor policis muscle), Subjective Global Assessment, Royal Free Hospital Global Assessment and handgrip strength.ResultsA total of 94 outpatients (ages 30 to 76 years), was included, 46 were men. The prevalence of malnutrition as measured by the different methods was 6.4% (body mass index); 60.6% (handgrip strength), and 53.2% (Royal Free Hospital Global Assessment). There was correlation between mid-upper arm circumference and mid-arm muscle circumference (r=0.821), mid-upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold (r=0.575) and mid-upper arm circumference and mid-upper arm muscle area (r=0.781). Energy and protein intakes were below recommended levels in 49 (52.1%) and 44 (46.8%) of patients, respectively. Inadequate calcium, potassium, zinc and vitamin C intakes occurred in 92.6%, 97.9%, 63.8% and 60.6% of patients. There was an association between dietary energy and protein intake with Royal Free Hospital Global Assessment (P<0.001) and a tendency for them to be associated with handgrip strength (P=0.076 and P=0.054).ConclusionMalnutrition is frequently in hepatitis C virus patients. They have high prevalence of inadequate energy, protein and micronutrients intake, even in the absence of cirrhosis.
LIPID PROFILE OF CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PROGNOSTIC SCORES: a cross-sectional study
Authors: BASSANI Lílian , FERNANDES Sabrina Alves , RAIMUNDO Fabiana Viegas , HARTER Daniele Lazzarotto , GONZALEZ Maria Cristina , MARRONI Cláudio Augusto
Published: October 2015

BackgroundIn cirrhosis the production of cholesterol and lipoproteins is altered.ObjectiveEvaluate the lipid profile by measuring total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in patients with cirrhosis caused by alcoholism and/or hepatitis C virus infection and determine its association with Child-Pugh and MELD scores.MethodsCross-sectional retrospective study of patients treated at the outpatient clinic in Porto Alegre, Brazil, from 2006 to 2010.ResultsIn total, 314 records were reviewed, and 153 (48.7%) met the inclusion criteria, of which 82 (53.6%) had cirrhosis that was due to hepatitis C virus infection, 50 (32.7%) were due to alcoholism, and 21 (13.7%) were due to alcoholism and hepatitis C virus infection. The total cholesterol levels diminished with a Child-Pugh progression (P<0.001). Child-Pugh C was significantly associated with lover levels of low-density lipoprotein (<70 mg/dL; P<0.001), high-density lipoprotein (<40 mg/dL; P<0.001) and triglyceride (<70 mg/dL; P=0.003). MELD>20 was associated with lower total cholesterol levels (<100mg/dL; P<0.001), very low-density lipoprotein (<16 mg/dL; P=0.006), and low-density lipoprotein (<70 mg/dL; P=0.003). Inverse and statistically significant correlations were observed between Child-Pugh and all the lipid fractions analyzed (P<0.001). The increase in MELD was inversely correlated with reduced levels intotal cholesterol (P<0.001), high-density lipoprotein (P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein (P<0.001), very low-density lipoprotein (P=0.030) and triglyceride (P=0.003).ConclusionA reduction in the lipid profile in patients with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus infection and/or alcoholism was significantly associated with the Child-Pugh and MELD prognostic markers. These results suggest that the lipid profile may be used as a tool to assist in evaluating liver disease.
PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN FOR TREATMENT OF RECURRENT HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: a single-liver transplant center experience in Brazil
Authors: GARCIA José Huygens Parente , ARAÚJO FILHO Antônio Haroldo de , BRAGA Lucia Libanez Bessa Campelo , VIANA Cyntia Ferreira Gomes , ROCHA Tarciso Daniel Santos , PEREIRA Karla Brandão
Published: October 2015

BackgroundTreatment of hepatitis C virus infection in post-transplantation patients is a challenge due to poor tolerance and low success rates.ObjectiveTo determine the response rate to pegylated interferon and ribavirin in post-liver transplant patients with hepatitis C recurrence.MethodsBetween 18 May 2002 and 18 December 2011, 601 patients underwent liver transplantation at our service (Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, University of Ceará), 176 (29.2%) of whom were hepatitis C virus positive. Forty received antiviral therapy and were included in this cohort study. Twenty-eight (70%) completed the treatment protocol, which consisted of pegylated interferon and ribavirin for 48 weeks.ResultsThe sustained virological response rate was 55% according to intention-to-treat analysis. Recipient age and exposure to antiviral drugs prior to liver transplantation were associated with sustained virological response in the multivariate analysis. Patients were followed for 57 months on the average. Survival at 1 and 5 years was 100% in responders, versus 100% and 78%, respectively, in non-responders.ConclusionSustained virological response rates were satisfactory in our series of liver transplantation patients, and decreased with increasing recipient age. Non-exposure to antiviral drugs prior to liver transplantation was positively associated with sustained virological response. The overall survival of responders and non-responders was similar.
PLUMMER VINSON SYNDROME - is it common in males?
Authors: BAKSHI Satvinder Singh
Published: October 2015

BackgroundPlummer-Vinson syndrome is characterized by a triad of dysphagia, iron deficiency anemia and esophageal web. Most of the patients are middle aged women in the fourth to seventh decade of life.ObjectiveVery few cases of Plummer-Vinson syndrome affecting males have been reported. Here we report a series of male patients found to be suffering from Plummer-Vinson syndrome.MethodsFive males presented to us with dysphagia and fatigue of various durations, from April to August, 2012.ResultsThese patients were found to have iron deficiency anemia and esophageal web on subsequent investigations and were treated successfully with oral iron therapy.ConclusionPlummer-Vinson syndrome is common in both males and females and can be successfully treated with oral iron therapy. The patients have an increased risk of developing gastrointestinal malignancies and should be thoroughly evaluated for the same.
The pore solution of blended cements: a review
Authors: Vollpracht Anya , Lothenbach Barbara , Snellings Ruben , Haufe Johannes
Published: October 2015

This paper is the work of working group 3 of the RILEM Technical Committee on Hydration and Microstructure of Concrete with SCM (TC 238-SCM). The pore solution is an essential but often overlooked part of hydrated cements. The composition of the cement pore solution reflects the ongoing hydration processes and determines which solid phases are stable and may precipitate, and which phases are unstable and may dissolve. The study of the cement pore solution therefore contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms as well as of the kinetics of cement hydration. This paper reviews the impact of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the pore solution composition of blended cements. In a first part, the extraction and analysis methods of cement pore solutions are reviewed, leading to a set of practical guidelines and recommendations. In a second part, an extensive literature survey is used to document the effect of the addition of SCMs (blast furnace slag, fly ash and silica fume) on the pore solution. Finally, in a third part the collected literature data are compared to thermodynamic simulations. The performance and current limitations of thermodynamic modelling of blended cement hydration are demonstrated and discussed in view of future progress.
Interconnectedness in the Interbank Market
Authors: Brunetti Celso , Harris Jeffrey H. , Mankad Shawn , Michailidis George
Published: October 2015

We study the behavior of the interbank market before, during and after the 2008 financial crisis. Leveraging recent advances in network analysis, we study two network structures, a correlation network based on publicly traded bank returns, and a physical network based on interbank lending transactions. While the two networks behave similarly pre-crisis, during the crisis the correlation network shows an increase in interconnectedness while the physical network highlights a marked decrease in interconnectedness. Moreover, these networks respond differently to monetary and macroeconomic shocks. Physical networks forecast liquidity problems while correlation networks forecast financial crises.
Financial Stress and Equilibrium Dynamics in Money Markets
Authors: Yoldas Emre , Senyuz Zeynep
Published: October 2015

Interest rate spreads are widely-used indicators of funding pressures and market functioning in money markets. Using weekly data from 2002 to 2015, we analyze money market dynamics in a long-run equilibrium framework where commonly-monitored spreads serve as error correction terms. We find strong evidence for nonlinearities with respect to levels of the spreads. We provide point and interval estimates for spread thresholds that quantify funding pressure points from a long-run perspective. Our results indicate significant asymmetry in the adjustment toward long-run equilibrium. We show that economically and statistically significant adjustments occur only following large shocks to risk premia. Additionally, we quantify shifts in interest rate volatilities in high spread regimes characterized by elevated funding stress as well as declining correlations between risky funding rates and relatively safe base rates in such environments.
A Historical Welfare Analysis of Social Security: Whom Did the Program Benefit?
Authors: Sommer Kamila , Peterman William B.
Published: October 2015

A well-established result in the literature is that Social Security tends to reduce steady state welfare in a standard life cycle model. However, less is known about the historical effects of the program on agents who were alive when the program was adopted. In a computational life cycle model that simulates the Great Depression and the enactment of Social Security, this paper quantifies the welfare effects of the program's enactment on the cohorts of agents who experienced it. In contrast to the standard steady state results, we find that the adoption of the original Social Security tended to improve these cohorts' welfare. In particular, we estimate that the original program benefited households alive at the time of the program's adoption with a likelihood of over 80 percent, and increased these agents' welfare by the equivalent of 5.9% of their expected future lifetime consumption. The welfare benefit was particularly large for poorer agents and agents who were near retirement age when the program was enacted. Through a series of counterfactual experiments we demonstrate that the difference between the steady state and transitional welfare effects is primarily driven by a slower adoption of payroll taxes and a quicker adoption of benefit payments during the program's phase-in. Overall, the opposite welfare effects experienced by agents in the steady state versus agents who experienced the program's adoption might offer one explanation for why a program that potentially reduces welfare in the steady state was originally adopted.
Palabras de apertura al 9º Congreso Internacional de Salud Pública
Authors: Olaya Peláez Alvaro
Published: October 2015

Desde hace cerca de dos décadas hemos acogido la invitación que la Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública de la Universidad de Antioquia nos hace para poner sobre la mesa temas trascendentes de la salud pública. En cada encuentro bienal se ha preparado una agenda temática que recoge los retos propuestos en el entorno internacional para un sector de la salud que cada día se consolida como uno de los de mayor capacidad para dinamizar el progreso de la humanidad. Es a partir de los esfuerzos investigativos de salubristas comprometidos con una ciencia al servicio de la humanidad, sumado a las iniciativas de intervención en poblaciones vulnerables como se ha logrado configurar un escenario mundial con la capacidad de generar dinámicas que se enfrenten a los modelos hegemónicos, que han propuesto como única vía hacia el desarrollo aquella que promulgan una mirada reduccionista del crecimiento económico.