bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification of dietary rumen degradable starch content by chemical processing of feed ingredients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Rahmadani Mardiah , Susanto Irwan , Prasetya Rahma D. D. , Kondo Makoto , Nahrowi Nahrowi , Jayanegara Anuraga
Published: April 2023

The efficiency of starch utilization in ruminant feed can be enhanced by reducing the degradation of starch in the rumen. Chemical processing of feed ingredients may modify such ruminal starch degradation. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical processing of ruminant feed ingredients on rumen degradable starch (RDS) and starch degradation kinetics in the rumen. A database was constructed from a total of 34 articles, consisted of 100 observations. The articles were searched and identified from the Scopus platform. Data were analyzed by using the fixed effect model. The types of chemical processing in this study included sodium hydroxide, ammonia, potassium aluminum, urea, formaldehyde, and organic acid. Results indicated that chemical processing significantly reduced the RDS content (p < 0.001) and the immediately soluble fraction (p < 0.001) and increased the value of slowly degradable fraction (p < 0.001) and starch absorption in the small intestine (p < 0.01). Formaldehyde was particularly effective to decrease the RDS (p < 0.05). The RDS contents in corn and wheat were reduced by the chemical processing (p < 0.05), but not with that of barley. It can be concluded that chemical processing is effective in reducing starch degradation of ruminant feeds and may enhance its utilization by ruminants.
Iatrogenic copper deficiency: Risks and cautions with zinc prescribing
Authors: Duncan Andrew , Morrison Ian , Bryson Scott
Published: April 2023

Aims

Copper deficiency resulting from prescribing zinc in high doses is a rare but life‐changing diagnosis that is frequently overlooked. The aim of this study is to gauge how often zinc‐induced copper deficiency is missed, to raise awareness of the condition and to stress the need for guidelines for prescribing zinc.

Methods

Suspected cases of zinc‐induced copper deficiency were retrospectively obtained by selecting those patients with hyperzincaemia and hypocupraemia from the database of the Scottish Trace Element Laboratory. Case records were reviewed to determine the validity of the suspected diagnosis.

Results

After exclusions, 23 instances of high serum zinc and low serum copper concentrations were found. A positive diagnosis of zinc‐induced copper deficiency was made in 14 patients, of which 7 (50%) were previously undiagnosed.

Conclusion

Serum zinc and copper concentrations are rarely measured in patients prescribed zinc and so the vast majority of cases of zinc‐induced copper deficiency are likely to be undiagnosed. We recommend the current official advice on the dose and frequency of zinc administration is revised in order to limit, and potentially eradicate, the condition.
Discovering interactions in augmentation strategies: Impact of duloxetine on the metabolism of aripiprazole
Authors: Margraff Teresa , Schoretsanitis Georgios , Neuner Irene , Haen Ekkehard , Gaebler Arnim Johannes , Paulzen Michael
Published: April 2023

Objective

We aimed to unravel potential pharmacokinetic interactions between aripiprazole and duloxetine.

Methods

Plasma concentrations of aripiprazole in two groups of 78 patients each, receiving aripiprazole as a monotherapy or combined with duloxetine, were compared. A potential impact of duloxetine on the metabolism of aripiprazole was expected in higher plasma concentrations of aripiprazole and higher dose‐adjusted plasma concentrations.

Results

Patients co‐medicated with duloxetine showed significantly higher plasma concentrations of aripiprazole by 54.2% (p = 0.019). Dose‐adjusted plasma concentrations were 45.6% higher (p = 0.001); 12.8% of these patients exhibited aripiprazole plasma concentrations above the upper limit of the therapeutic reference range, in the control group this was only the case for 10.3% of the patients. A positive relationship was found between the daily dose of duloxetine and dose‐adjusted plasma concentrations of aripiprazole (p = 0.034). As dehydroaripiprazole concentrations were not available, conclusions for the active moiety (aripiprazole plus dehydroaripiprazole) could not be drawn.

Conclusions

Combining duloxetine and aripiprazole leads to significantly higher drug concentrations of aripiprazole, most likely via an inhibition of cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 and to a lesser extent of CYP3A4 by duloxetine. Clinicians have to consider increasing aripiprazole concentrations when adding duloxetine to a treatment regimen with aripiprazole.
YTHDC1 positively regulates PTEN expression and plays a critical role in cisplatin resistance of bladder cancer
Authors: Su Yinjie , Wang Bo , Huang Jian , Huang Ming , Lin Tianxin
Published: April 2023

Activation of PI3K/AKT signalling by PTEN loss significantly enhances chemoresistance in bladder cancer. This study aims to evaluate PTEN regulation and identify targets that could be used to relieve chemoresistance. Expression of YTHDC1, γ‐H2AX and PTEN were detected by IHC assay. Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, colony formation assay and tumour xenograft experiment evaluated cisplatin response. Flow cytometry and comet assay estimated cell apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and DNA repair capability. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and RIP assay assessed binding properties between PTEN mRNA and YTHDC1. Silencing YTHDC1 in bladder cancer cells reduced PTEN expression and activated PI3K/AKT signalling by destabilizing PTEN mRNA in an m6A‐dependent manner. Low YTHDC1 expression indicated poor cisplatin sensitivity in bladder cancer patients. Reducing YTHDC1 expression promoted drug resistance to cisplatin, while over‐expressing YTHDC1 promoted cisplatin sensitivity. Reducing YTHDC1 expression activated DNA damage response, which includes quicker cell cycle recovery, apoptosis evasion and an enhanced DNA repair capability, whereas these effects were attenuated when MK2206, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor was applied. We provide novel evidence that PTEN/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway could be regulated by YTHDC1 in an m6A‐dependent manner and highlight a critical role of YTHDC1 in cisplatin resistance of bladder cancer.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy using a fully covered metallic stent with self‐made multiple side holes for prevention of branch duct occlusion
Authors: Kuraishi Yasuhiro , Hara Kazuo , Haba Shin
Published: April 2023

Watch a video of this article.
“Clip hooking rubber loop” technique for traction‐assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Kawano Koichiro , Tanabe Hiroshi , Takenaka Mamoru
Published: April 2023

Watch a video of this article.
Predictors of severe submucosal fibrosis during endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with ulcerative colitis: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nishio Masafumi , Hirasawa Kingo , Saigusa Yusuke , Atsusaka Reo , Azuma Daisuke , Ozeki Yuichiro , Sawada Atsushi , Ikeda Ryosuke , Fukuchi Takehide , Kobayashi Ryosuke , Sato Chiko , Ogashiwa Tsuyoshi , Inayama Yoshiaki , Kunisaki Reiko , Maeda Shin
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Severe submucosal fibrosis is a crucial technical difficulty encountered during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to identify predictors of severe submucosal fibrosis in patients with UC.

Methods

We retrospectively included 55 tumors resected using ESD from 48 consecutive patients with UC. We analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes between the F0/1 (none to mild submucosal fibrosis) group (n = 28) and F2 (severe submucosal fibrosis) group (n = 27).

Results

No significant difference was found between the F0/1 and F2 groups in en bloc resection rate (100% vs. 96%, P = 0.49), the R0 resection rate (100% vs. 93%, P = 0.24), and the dissection speed (0.18 vs. 0.13 cm2/min, P = 0.07). Intraoperative perforation was more common in the F2 group (30%) than in the F0/1 group (8%; P = 0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that a longer duration of UC (≥10 years; odds ratio [OR] 6.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–31.03; P = 0.03) and scarring of background mucosa of the tumor (OR 39.61; 95% CI 3.91–400.78; P < 0.01) were independent predictors of severe submucosal fibrosis.

Conclusion

Long UC duration and scarring background mucosa were predictors of severe submucosal fibrosis associated with perforation during ESD.
Toward a universal measure of robustness across model organs and systems
Authors: Jernvall Jukka , Di‐Poï Nicolas , Mikkola Marja L. , Kratochwil Claudius F.
Published: April 2023

The development of an individual must be capable of resisting the harmful effects of internal and external perturbations. This capacity, called robustness, can make the difference between normal variation and disease. Some systems and organs are more resilient in their capacity to correct the effects of internal disturbances such as mutations. Similarly, organs and organisms differ in their capacity to be resilient against external disturbances, such as changes in temperature. Furthermore, all developmental systems must be somewhat flexible to permit evolutionary change, and understanding robustness requires a comparative framework. Over the last decades, most research on developmental robustness has been focusing on specific model systems and organs. Hence, we lack tools that would allow cross‐species and cross‐organ comparisons. Here, we emphasize the need for a uniform framework to experimentally test and quantify robustness across study systems and suggest that the analysis of fluctuating asymmetry might be a powerful proxy to do so. Such a comparative framework will ultimately help to resolve why and how organs of the same and different species differ in their sensitivity to internal (e.g., mutations) and external (e.g., temperature) perturbations and at what level of biological organization buffering capacities exist and therefore create robustness of the developmental system.
Pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1α, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in major depressive disorder: Sex‐specific associations with psychological symptoms
Authors: Elgellaie Asmahan , Thomas Susan J. , Kaelle Jacqueline , Bartschi Jessica , Larkin Theresa
Published: April 2023

The pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1α, IL‐6 and TNF‐α are associated with major depressive disorder, psychological distress, cardiovascular health and obesity. However, there is limited research that has examined multiple associations between these variables, particularly among individuals with major depressive disorder who are treatment free, in comparison with a control cohort, and including analyses of sex differences. In this study, data were analysed from 60 individuals with major depressive disorder and 60 controls, including plasma IL‐1α, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, adiposity measures (body mass index, waist circumference), cardiovascular health indices (blood pressure, heart rate) and psychological symptoms (depressive severity, anxiety, hostility, stress). The cytokines were compared by group and sex and correlated with measures of adiposity, cardiovascular health indices and psychological health. Plasma IL‐1α and IL‐6 were higher in major depressive disorder group versus control, but with a sex interaction for IL‐6, with this group difference only among females. TNF‐α did not differ between groups. IL‐1α and IL‐6 correlated with depressive severity, anxiety, hostility and stress, whereas TNF‐α correlated only with anxiety and hostility. Psychopathology was associated with IL‐1α in males only and with IL‐6 and TNF‐α in females only. None of the cytokines correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure or heart rate. The result of group by sex interaction for IL‐6 and sex‐specific associations between pro‐inflammatory cytokines and psychometrics could be aetiologically important in depression interventions and treatments for females versus males, warranting further investigation.
Effect of mouthwashes on gingival healing after surgical procedures: A systematic review
Authors: Casarin Maísa , de Matos Raquele Soares , da Silva Nolasco Wagner , Pirih Flavia Q. , Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes
Published: April 2023

The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the literature regarding the effect of different mouthwashes on gingival healing after oral surgery in adults. Searches were conducted in seven databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials Registry, Embase, LILACS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to April 2022. The selection of studies, data extraction, and risk of bias appraisal were performed independently by two reviewers, and a third researcher was consulted to resolve disagreements. Data syntheses were presented narratively for the different criteria of gingival wound healing. Among 4502 articles retrieved from the databases, 13 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the present review. Chlorhexidine was the most frequent mouthwash studied (eight studies) and was used in different concentrations and combinations. Cetylpyridinium chloride, H2Ocean Sea Salt, Commiphora molmol 0.5%, chlorhexidine 0.12%, and essential oils reported better healing than a negative control. However, the uncertain risk of bias in most RCTs included in this review precludes definitive conclusions. Well‐designed RCTs are therefore still needed in this area.
Carryover effects from environmental change in early life: An overlooked driver of the amphibian extinction crisis?
Authors: Lundsgaard Niclas U. , Hird Coen , Doody Kathleen A. , Franklin Craig E. , Cramp Rebecca L.
Published: April 2023

Ecological carryover effects, or delayed effects of the environment on an organism's phenotype, are central predictors of individual fitness and a key issue in conservation biology. Climate change imposes increasingly variable environmental conditions that may be challenging to early life‐history stages in animals with complex life histories, leading to detrimental physiological and fitness effects in later life. Yet, the latent nature of carryover effects, combined with the long temporal scales over which they can manifest, means that this phenomenon remains understudied and is often overlooked in short‐term studies limited to single life‐history stages. Herein, we review evidence for the physiological carryover effects induced by elevated ultraviolet radiation (UVR; 280–400 nm) as a potential contributor to recent amphibian population declines. UVR exposure causes a suite of molecular, cellular and physiological consequences known to underpin carryover effects in other taxa, but there is a lack of research linking embryonic and larval UVR exposures to fitness consequences post‐metamorphosis in amphibians. We propose that the key impacts of UVR on disease‐related amphibian declines are facilitated through carryover effects that bridge embryonic and larval UVR exposure with potential increased disease susceptibility post‐metamorphosis. We conclude by identifying a practical direction for the study of ecological carryover effects in amphibians that could guide future ecological research in the broader field of conservation physiology. Only by addressing carryover effects can many of the mechanistic links between environmental change and population declines be elucidated.
Positive aspects of caregiving attenuate the relationship between behavioral bother and anxiety and depressive symptoms in dementia family caregivers
Authors: Cheng Sheung‐Tak
Published: April 2023

Aim

To examine the protective role of positive aspects of caregiving (PAC) in terms of whether it dampens the relationship between behavioral bother and anxiety/depressive symptoms.

Methods

The baseline data of the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health I trial were used. US dementia family caregivers (N = 1222) responded to standard self‐report measures of PAC, behavioral bother, depression, anxiety, challenging behaviors, and functional impairment. The buffering effect of PAC was tested using moderational regression.

Results

Controlling for caregivers' age, sex and behavioral bother, and care‐recipients' challenging behaviors and functional impairment, PAC was mildly inversely related to depressive and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, a significant PAC × behavioral bother interaction effect was found such that the relationship between behavioral bother, on the one hand, and depression and anxiety, on the other, became weaker with higher PAC. In particular, when behavioral bother was low, depressive and anxiety symptoms were similar regardless of levels of PAC. But when behavioral bother was high, caregivers who reported higher levels of PAC were less depressed and anxious than those with lower levels, with their standardized mean differences being small to moderate.

Conclusions

PAC was found to be associated with less mood symptoms partly directly and partly through modifying the effect of behavioral bother on depression and anxiety. Caregivers who were highly troubled by the relative's challenging behaviors, but who found higher levels of PAC at the same time, experienced better emotional well‐being. Having PAC may make the burden of caregiving more tolerable, thereby alleviating caregiver distress down the road. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 366–370.
Multiple pathways and independent functional pools in insulin granule exocytosis
Authors: Izumi Tetsuro
Published: April 2023

In contrast to synaptic vesicle exocytosis, secretory granule exocytosis follows a much longer time course, and thus allows for different prefusion states prior to stimulation. Indeed, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy in living pancreatic β cells reveals that, prior to stimulation, either visible or invisible granules fuse in parallel during both early (first) and late (second) phases after glucose stimulation. Therefore, fusion occurs not only from granules predocked to the plasma membrane but also from those translocated from the cell interior during ongoing stimulation. Recent findings suggest that such heterogeneous exocytosis is conducted by a specific set of multiple Rab27 effectors that appear to operate on the same granule; namely, exophilin‐8, granuphilin, and melanophilin play differential roles in distinct secretory pathways to final fusion. Furthermore, the exocyst, which is known to tether secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane in constitutive exocytosis, cooperatively functions with these Rab27 effectors in regulated exocytosis. In this review, the basic nature of insulin granule exocytosis will be described as a representative example of secretory granule exocytosis, followed by a discussion of the means by which different Rab27 effectors and the exocyst coordinate to regulate the entire exocytic processes in β cells.
Low PD‐L1 expression in immune cells predicts the presence of nodal metastasis in early invasive (pT1) colorectal cancer: a novel tool to tailor surgical treatment
Authors: Vocino Trucco Giulia , Benazzo Giacomo Maria , Ricci Alessia Andrea , Mangherini Luca , Falco Enrico , Gambella Alessandro , Bertero Luca , Cassoni Paola
Published: April 2023

Aims

The current criteria for surgical treatment after endoscopic resection of a pT1 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are unsatisfactory because nodal involvement is rarely present. This study investigates the correlation between PD‐L1 expression and nodal metastasis in pT1 CRCs to enable its use for tailoring surgical treatment after endoscopic removal.

Methods and results

Histopathological features of 81 surgically resected pT1 CRC, 19 metastatic and 62 non‐metastatic cases were assessed. PD‐L1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (clone 22C3) and independently assessed by two pathologists using tumour proportion score (TPS), combined positive score (CPS) and immune cell score (ICS). The correlation between PD‐L1 expression and nodal metastasis, the optimal cut‐off values, interobserver agreement and impact upon patients' surgical management were determined. PD‐L1 expression in terms of CPS and ICS independently correlated with lymph node metastasis (PD‐L1CPS: OR = –2.5, 95% CI = −4.11 to −0.97, P = 0.008 and PD‐L1ICS: OR = −1.85, 95% CI = −2.90 to −0.79, P = 0.004) and < 1.2 CPS and <1.3% ICS were identified as the optimal cut‐off values to discriminate between metastatic and non‐metastatic patients. In our cohort, the implementation of these cut‐off values would have avoided a significant rate of unnecessary surgeries in pN0 patients (PD‐L1CPS = 43.2; PD‐L1ICS = 51.9%). Ultimately, PD‐L1 evaluation showed good interpathologist concordance in absolute terms [PD‐L1CPS interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.91; PD‐L1ICS ICC = 0.793] and using the identified cut‐off values (PD‐L1CPS ICC = 0.848; PD‐L1ICS ICC = 0.756).

Conclusions

Our study shows that PD‐L1 expression is an effective predictor of nodal status and could improve patient selection for surgery after endoscopic removal of pT1 CRCs.
A nodal EBV‐positive T cell lymphoma with a T follicular helper cell phenotype
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxuan , Wang Wei , Li Yuan , Xu Zhouyi , Wu Haibo , Wang Zhe
Published: April 2023

Aims

Nodal T follicular helper (TFH) cell lymphoma (nTFHL) is a rare type of clinically aggressive T cell lymphoma. With this lymphoma type, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is frequently detected in non‐neoplastic B lymphocytes, but not yet identified in neoplastic T cells. We report two cases of nTFHL showing a classic morphology and immunoprofile, with EBV‐encoded small RNAs (EBER) in‐situ hybridisation positivity in neoplastic TFH cells.

Methods and results

Clonal T cell receptor (TR) gene rearrangement was detected in both cases. Whole exome sequencing identified TET2, RHOA p. G17V, as well as gene mutations unique to each case. Microdissection analysis showed EBER positivity in tumour cells and in background non‐neoplastic T lymphocytes.

Conclusion

These two immunocompetent cases of nTFHL with EBV‐positive tumour cells exhibit the featured gene mutation profile and poor prognosis of this disease. This novel finding of EBV positivity in our cases expands the currently recognised spectrum of EBV‐positive nodal T cell lymphomas to include rare cases of nTFHL.
Relational Justice: Egalitarian and Sufficientarian
Authors: Bengtson Andreas , Nielsen Lasse
Published: April 2023

Relational egalitarianism is a theory of justice according to which people must relate as equals. In this article, we develop relational sufficientarianism – a view of justice according to which people must relate as sufficients. We distinguish between three versions of this ideal, one that is incompatible with relational egalitarianism and two that are not. Building on this, we argue that relational theorists have good reason to support a pluralist view that is both egalitarian and sufficientarian.
Changing the Scholarly Conversation: What it Means, Why it Matters, and How to Approach it in Micro Research
Authors: Healey Mark P. , Leroy Hannes , Post Corinne , Potočnik Kristina
Published: April 2023

Academics often assess contributions to management research in terms of their influence on the scholarly conversation. At JMS, we aspire to publish papers that significantly change scholarly conversations in productive ways. However, precisely what it means and what it takes to change a scholarly conversation is not entirely clear, especially in micro research in the management field where contributions are often framed in incremental terms. Accordingly, in this editorial we examine what distinguishes papers that significantly change the scholarly conversation on a topic and analyse the functions of such conversation‐changing papers, focussing on research in the micro domain. Based on an inductive analysis of exemplar conversation‐changing micro papers, we propose a typology that identifies how scholars substantially alter an existing conversation or stimulate a new conversation. For each type of conversation‐changing contribution, we identify its attributes and functions and discuss exemplars. We conclude with guidance and tips for authors, reviewers, and editors seeking to develop papers that reshape scholarly conversations. With this editorial, we hope to inspire more conversation changing papers, especially among micro scholars, and position JMS as a natural home for such papers.
A population‐based study of reported hepatitis C diagnoses from 1998 to 2018 in immigrants and nonimmigrants in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Passos‐Castilho Ana Maria , Murphy Donald G. , Blouin Karine , Benedetti Andrea , Panagiotoglou Dimitra , Bruneau Julie , Klein Marina B. , Kwong Jeffrey C. , Sander Beate , Janjua Naveed Z. , Greenaway Christina
Published: April 2023

Immigrants living in low hepatitis C (HCV) prevalence countries bear a disproportionate HCV burden, but there are limited HCV population‐based studies focussed on this population. We estimated rates and trends of reported HCV diagnoses over a 20‐year period in Quebec, Canada, to investigate subgroups with the highest rates and changes over time. A population‐based cohort of all reported HCV diagnoses in Quebec (1998–2018) linked to health administrative and immigration databases. HCV rates, rate ratios (RR) and trends overall and stratified by immigrant status and country of birth were estimated using Poisson regression. Among 38,348 HCV diagnoses, 14% occurred in immigrants, a median of 7.5 years after arrival. The average annual HCV rate/100,000 decreased for immigrants and nonimmigrants, but the risk (RR) among immigrants increased over the study period [35.7 vs. 34.5 (RR = 1.03) and 18.4 vs. 12.7 (1.45) between 1998–2008 and 2009–2018]. Immigrants from middle‐income Europe & Central Asia [55.8 (RR = 4.39)], sub‐Saharan Africa [51.7 (RR = 4.06)] and South Asia [32.8 (RR = 2.58)] had the highest rates between 2009 and 2018. Annual HCV rates decreased more slowly among immigrants vs. nonimmigrants (−5.9% vs. −8.9%, p < 0.001), resulting in a 2.5‐fold (9%–21%) increase in the proportion of HCV diagnoses among immigrants (1998–2018). The slower decline in HCV rates among immigrants over the study period highlights the need for targeted screening for this population, particularly those from sub‐Saharan Africa, Asia and middle‐income Europe. These data can inform micro‐elimination efforts in Canada and other low‐HCV‐prevalence countries.
Welcome in
Authors: Eva Kevin W.
Published: April 2023

The Editor announces a new resource aimed at supporting newcomers to health professional education scholarship: Medical Education Office Hours! See mededuc.com to register.
On Bender's orientation to models: Towards a philosophical debate on covering laws, theory, emergence and mechanisms in nursing science
Authors: Clinton Michael
Published: April 2023

Nursing scholars continuously refine nursing knowledge and the philosophical foundations of nursing practice. They advance nursing knowledge by creating new knowledge and weighing the relevance of developments in cognate sciences. Nurse philosophers go further by providing epistemological and ontological arguments for explanations of nursing phenomena. In this article, I engage with Bender's arguments about why mechanisms should have more primacy as carriers of nursing knowledge. Despite the careful scholarship involved, Bender's arguments need to be more convincing. Accordingly, this article encourages debate about Bender's arguments for reorientating nursing science to mechanisms. I begin by suggesting that the claim that the theory‐practice divide can be overcome by reorientating to mechanisms is acceptable only if we accept Bender's depiction of the challenge. Then I question the ontology Bender relies on to justify reorientating nursing science. After that, I argue that mechanisms in models that parallel analytical sociology undermine the kind of nursing science Bender advocates. I illustrate my arguments with a social mechanism thought experiment. Then I explain why Bender's arguments cannot escape the received view of science or inform emancipatory nursing action without theory. Finally, I mention some caveats and implications for nursing science.
Poststructuralism and the construction of subjectivities in forensic mental health: Opportunities for resistance
Authors: Johansson Jim A. , Holmes Dave
Published: April 2023

Nurses working in correctional and forensic mental health settings face unique challenges in the provision of care to patients within custodial settings. The subjectivities of both patients and nurses are subject to the power relations, discourses and abjection encountered within these practice milieus. Using a poststructuralist approach using the work of Foucault, Kristeva, and Deleuze and Guattari, this paper explores how both patient and nurse subjectivities are produced within the carceral logic of this apparatus of capture. Recognizing that subjectivities are fluid and dynamic, and capable of change, Deleuze and Guattari's concept of deterritorialization will illustrate opportunities for resistance, where nurses can begin to practice outside the dominant carceral logic (and restrictions) of the system.
Quality comparison of remote anesthetic consultation versus on‐site consultation in children with sedation for a magnetic resonance imaging examination—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Strassberger‐Nerschbach Nadine , Magyaros Ferenc , Maria Wittmann , Ehrentraut Heidi , Ghamari Shahab , Schenk Alina , Neumann Claudia , Schindler Ehrenfried
Published: April 2023

Background

In the course of the corona pandemic, digital media has increasingly been used in many areas of medical practice to reduce personal contact. As it is of interest whether this can be practiced in the context of anesthesia consultations without loss of quality, we interviewed parents whose children received a cardiac or neuro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under sedation. Parents either received an on‐site or a remote consultation conducted by an anesthesiologist. Both parents and anesthesiologist were asked to indicate their satisfaction with the respective consultation procedure in a questionnaire.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate if remote pre‐anesthesia consultation, supported by an online video, for parents whose children are receiving MRI examinations under sedation can replace the commonly performed on‐site consultation, without decreasing its quality.

Methods

In this randomized trial, a total of 200 patients were included, one half received pre‐anesthesia consultation on‐site and the other half was given a link to a video and pre‐anesthesia consultation was conducted by phone. As a primary analysis, we compared the level of satisfaction for the general procedure, the quality of the pre‐anesthesia consultation and the contact to the anesthesiologists (or parents). We further investigated the frequency of complications and the preference for a possible next informed consent.

Results

Both groups showed high levels of satisfaction. Some anesthesiologists and parents were less satisfied with the quality of on‐site pre‐anesthesia consultation than with the remote. In our patient cohort, there was no evidence for higher risk of complications when information was provided by telephone. Further, parents as well as anesthesiologists clearly favored the combined form of telephone information and online video. Overall, 61.2% of parents and 64% of anesthesiologists would choose this form of pre‐anesthesia consultation for repeat anesthesia.

Conclusions

We did not observe that combined telephone and video decreased the quality of pre‐anesthesia consultation. A remote version seems feasible for simple procedures such as sedation for MRI. Further research on this topic in other areas of anesthesia would be beneficial.
Permissive hypoventilation equally effective to maintain oxygenation as positive pressure ventilation after porcine class III hemorrhage and whole blood resuscitation
Authors: Karlsson Tomas , Gellerfors Mikael , Gustavsson Jenny , Günther Mattias
Published: April 2023

Background

Prehospital anesthesia may lead to circulatory collapse after severe hemorrhage. It is possible that permissive hypoventilation, refraining from tracheal intubation and accepting spontaneous ventilation, decreases this risk, but it is not known if oxygen delivery can be maintained. We investigated the feasibility of permissive hypoventilation after class III hemorrhage and whole blood resuscitation in three prehospital phases: 15 min on‐scene, 30 min whole blood resuscitation, and 45 min after.

Study Design and Methods

19 crossbred swine, mean weight 58.5 kg, were anesthetized with ketamine/midazolam and hemorrhaged to a mean (SD) 1298 (220) mL (33%) and randomized to permissive hypoventilation (n = 9) or positive pressure ventilation with FiO2 21% (n = 10).

Results

In permissive hypoventilation versus positive pressure ventilation, indexed oxygen delivery (DO2I) decreased to mean (SD) 4.73 (1.06) versus 3.70 (1.13) mL min−1 kg−1 after hemorrhage and increased to 8.62 (2.09) versus 6.70 (1.56) mL min−1 kg−1 at completion of resuscitation. DO2I, indexed oxygen consumption (VO2I), and arterial saturation (SaO2) did not differ. Permissive hypoventilation increased the respiratory rate and increased pCO2. Positive pressure ventilation did not deteriorate circulation. Cardiac index (CI), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), hemoglobin (Hb), and heart rate did not differ.

Discussion

Permissive hypoventilation and positive pressure ventilation were equally effective to maintain oxygen delivery in all phases. A respiratory rate of 40 was feasible, showing no signs of respiratory fatigue for 90 min, indicating that whole blood resuscitation may be prioritized in select patients with severe hemorrhage and spontaneous breathing.
Comparison of platelet quality and function across apheresis collection platforms
Authors: Thomas Kimberly A. , Srinivasan Amudan J. , McIntosh Colby , Rahn Katelin , Kelly Scott , McGough Lilian , Clayton Skye , Perez Samantha , Smith Alexandra , Vavro Lisa , Musgrove Javonn , Hill Ronnie , Mdaki Kennedy S. , Bynum James A. , Meledeo M. Adam , Cap Andrew P. , Spinella Philip C. , Reddoch‐Cardenas Kristin M. , Shea Susan M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Platelet concentrates (PLT) can be manufactured using a combination of apheresis collection devices and suspension media (plasma or platelet additive solution (PAS)). It is unclear how platelet quality and hemostatic function differ across the current in‐use manufacturing methods in the United States. The objective of this study was therefore to compare baseline function of PLT collected using different apheresis collection platforms and storage media.

Study Design and Methods

PLT were collected at two sites with identical protocols (N = 5 per site, N = 10 total per group) on the MCS® + 9000 (Haemonetics; “MCS”), the Trima Accel® 7 (Terumo; “Trima”), and the Amicus Cell Separator (Fresenius Kabi, “Amicus”). MCS PLT were collected into plasma while Trima and Amicus PLT were collected into plasma or PAS (Trima into Isoplate and Amicus into InterSol; yielding groups “TP”, “TI” and “AP”, “AI”, respectively). PLT units were sampled 1 h after collection and assayed to compare cellular counts, biochemistry, and hemostatic function.

Results

Differences in biochemistry were most evident between plasma and PAS groups, as anticipated. MCS and TP had the highest clot strength as assessed by viscoelastometry. AI had the lowest thrombin generation capacity. Both TP and TI had the highest responses on platelet aggregometry. AI had the greatest number of microparticles.

Discussion

Platelet quality and function differ among collection platforms at baseline. MCS and Trima platelets overall appear to trend toward higher hemostatic function. Future investigations will assess how these differences change throughout storage, and if these in vitro measures are clinically relevant.
Use of prehospital transfusion by French emergency medical services: A national survey
Authors: Bichot Ambroise , Pasquier Pierre , Martinaud Christophe , Corcostegui Simon‐Pierre , Boutot Françoise , Cazes Nicolas , Boutillier du Retail Cédric , Travers Stéphane , Galant Julien
Published: April 2023

Background

Major bleeding is the leading cause of preventable mortality among trauma patients. Several studies have recently shown that prehospital plasma transfusion improves the outcomes of severely injured patients. Although no consensus has been reached, prehospital transfusion is regularly considered to reduce avoidable mortality.

The objective was to assess the status of prehospital transfusion practices in France.

Study Design and Methods

A national survey among the 378 advance life support emergency teams (SMURs) in metropolitan France was conducted from December 15, 2020 to October 31, 2021. A questionnaire was distributed by e‐mail to the physicians in charge of SMURs. The questions addressed the transfusion modalities, labile blood products (LBPs) used, and limitations encountered in implementing transfusion.

Results

The response rate was 48%, and 82% of the respondents performed prehospital transfusions. A designated pack was used by 44% of the respondents. The LBPs used were packed red blood cells (100%), of which 95% were group 0 RH:‐1, fresh frozen plasma (27%), lyophilized plasma (7%), and platelets (1%). The LBPs were transported in isothermal boxes (97%) without temperature monitoring in 52% of the cases. Nontransfused LBPs were discarded in 43% of the cases. Reported limitations in implementing transfusion were the delivery time (45%), loss of LBPs (32%), and lack of evidence (46%).

Discussion

Prehospital transfusion was developed in France but access to plasma remains difficult. Protocols allowing the reutilization of LBPs and improving conservation could limit the waste of a rare resource. Implementing the use of lyophilized plasma could facilitate prehospital transfusion. Future studies will need to specify the role of each LBP in the prehospital setting.
Minimising Butadiene Level in Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) via Non-Stirred Blending with Numerical Approach
Authors: Amin Mohd Sapiee , Ibrahim Norazana , Zakaria Zainal
Published: April 2023

LPG has variable commercial grades due to its varying LPG composition will yield different properties. Because their properties depend on the composition, the LPG quality will differ based on the source of its production extracted either from refinery streams or natural gas. The composition of propane and butane, which are the two major components in LPG composition, play an important role in reflecting the properties of LPG, as the mixtures influence the boiling points and also meet product specification requirements. Butadiene is also present in LPG, albeit in trace amounts. Although butadiene is a minor component, it must be kept minimised of the total weight fraction due to regulatory limits. Butadiene is a hazardous chemical that, when inhaled, can cause cancer and genetic defects. LPG used for commercial purposes that contain of any carcinogenic substance such as butadiene must also be classified as carcinogenic. The LPG plant operator is facing the problem that imported LPG composition from outside sources contain levels of butadiene that exceed the regulatory limit of 0.5% of weight fraction. LPG composition, containing butadiene levels that exceed 0.5% of weight fraction is considered as off-specification, while butadiene levels less than 0.5% of weight fraction are considered as on-specification the LPG products. To reduce the levels of butadiene that exceed 0.5% of the weight fraction in off-specification LPG products, the blending of on-specification LPG products with off-specification was introduced and provided the most economical method inside the plant. The jet mixing approach was selected to predict the homogeneous blending time for each different off-specification LPG composition because it is the best approximation for natural mixing behaviour. Four empirical mixing time correlations of jet mixing were applied for the prediction of homogeneous blending time; the correlations were derived by Lane and Rice (1982), Maruyama, Ban and Mizushina (1982), Grenville and Tilton (1997) and Hiby and Modigell (1978). The homogeneous blending time predicted by these four mixing time correlations decreased as the quantity of on-specification LPG required increased, which is in good agreement with both simulation results of 95% and 99% mixing. Therefore, due to the development of individual jet mixer correlation, these four mixing time correlation results in different homogeneous blending times was going through the different measurement techniques and monitoring methods in jet mixed tanks.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Contemporary Education, Vol. 6, No. 1
Authors: Oscar William
Published: April 2023

International Journal of Contemporary Education (IJCE) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJCE publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 1 Ahmad Suradi, State Islamic Institute of Bengkulu, IndonesiaÁlvaro Manzano Redondo, UCJC University, SpainAurora Q. Pestano, University of San Jose Recoletos, PhilippinesBožić-Lenard Dragana, University of Osijek Croatia, CroatiaBruna Gabriela Augusto Marçal Vieira, CEFET-MG, BrazilCarme Pinya, University of Balearic Islands, SpainDina Radeljas, Mohawk Valley Community College, USAEdward Bolden, Case Western Reserve University, USAFroilan Delute Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippinesGiuseppe Maugeri, University of Urbino, ItalyGraziano Serragiotto, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, ItalyIvan Lenard, Elementary School Ladimirevci, CroatiaLi Li, Bath Spa University, UKMatthew Schatt, University of Florida, USA William OscarEditorial AssistantInternational Journal of Contemporary Education------------------------------------------------------------Redfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USATel: 1-503-828-0536 ext. 509Fax: 1-503-828-0537E-mail 1: ijce@redfame.comE-mail 2: ijce@redfame.orgURL: http://ijce.redfame.com
Investigación en las carreras de Contaduría acreditadas en Costa Rica, El Salvador y Panamá
Authors: Ugalde Binda Nadia , Colorado de Hernández Morena Guadalupe
Published: April 2023

La investigación es clave para que las disciplinas se adapten al cambio en el entorno, sobre todo de las Ciencias Sociales. La práctica contable no escapa de esta realidad y por ello es preciso estudiar de qué forma se organizan las carreras del área contable para fomentar la investigación y cuáles son los productos de estos procesos.

Los objetivos de la investigación son: conocer los organismos estatales de apoyo a la investigación, la formación contable y la acreditación de carreras en Contaduría Pública o relacionadas, así como su proceso de acreditación. A partir de esta información, se revisaron las formas de difusión de la investigación en esta disciplina a través de revistas o eventos como congresos. 

En el artículo se exponen las diferentes plataformas en las que, los estudiantes de las carreras de Contaduría adquirieron las habilidades investigativas. Para ello fue necesario realizar una investigación documental de leyes, artículos y en sitios web del organismo acreditador de cada país (Costa Rica, Panamá y El Salvador). Con la lista de las carreras que aparecen acreditadas se realizó una investigación sistemática en los sitios web de cada carrera para identificar los grados que se imparten, los cursos de investigación que aparecen en sus programas, las revistas de la carrera inscritas en el Sistema Regional de Información en Línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal, sobre temas contables o de Administración y los artículos escritos por sus docentes en Google Académico (se revisaron las publicaciones desde 2016 al 2021).

Se logró demostrar que existe una amplia gama de carreras en Contaduría pública y dos doctorados. Sin embargo, son pocas las carreras acreditadas, solo una parte contiene programas o talleres de investigación y las publicaciones de su población docente son escasas en temas contables. Adicionalmente, existen dos publicaciones exclusivas de temas contables, pero la mayor parte de los artículos sobre esta disciplina son publicados en revistas de Administración de empresas, donde destaca la revista FAECO Sapiens de Panamá.
La investigación contable en México
Authors: Saavedra García Maria Luisa , Vargas Vega Teresa de Jesus , Tapia Sánchez Blanca , Contreras Villagómez Ana Lilia
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en realizar un breve diagnóstico de los recursos que se encuentran disponibles para impulsar la investigación contable en México. Se realizó una recolección de datos de fuentes secundarias de información de organismos, públicos y privados, académicos, científicos y profesionales, relacionados con el quehacer contable en el contexto mexicano. A través de un análisis descriptivo se lograron identificar programas académicos en estudios de Contaduría, grupos de investigación formados en las instituciones de educación superior, organismos profesionales, revistas científicas mexicanas que publican temas contables, revistas internacionales que publican artículos científicos sobre Contabilidad e investigadores en temas contables. Los principales hallazgos, permiten saber que existen 103 programas de licenciatura de la carrera de Contaduría, 70 programas de posgrado y 9 programas de doctorado en Contaduría y temas afines. Así también, se encuentran integrados 18 cuerpos académicos consolidados que cultivan líneas de investigación en Contabilidad y temas afines, se cuenta con 35 revistas que publican temas contables, de las cuales solo 5 se encuentran indexadas en Scopus o Conacyt, solo 3 investigadores reconocidos por Conacyt investigan temas contables. También se cuenta con importantes organismos profesionales que apoyan la investigación contable.
Síndrome de isquemia-reperfusión en microcirugía
Authors: Guerra Gonzalez Tania , Nieto Luis Eduardo , Cardona Daniel
Published: April 2023

La lesión por isquemia-reperfusión ocurre cuando un tejido reperfunde después de periodos de isquemia, sobre todo después de infarto de miocardio, accidente cerebrovascular, trasplantes, cirugía cardiovascular y microcirugía. Los avances en su manejo han creado una oportunidad para que los microcirujanos apliquen estos tratamientos a colgajos libres, tejidos reimplantados y alotransplantes de tejidos compuestos, ya que este tipo de lesión es responsable de la pérdida parcial o total de tejidos en procedimientos microquirúrgicos y lleva a una mayor morbilidad, hospitalización prolongada y aumento de los costos en atención. Los principales mecanismos de lesión identificados implican interacciones leucocitos-endotelio, especies reactivas de oxígeno y el sistema del complemento. Sin embargo, se ha evidenciado que estos sistemas biológicos fundamentales están controlados por muchas vías interrelacionadas. Los esfuerzos terapéuticos actuales se dirigen a la utilización de la hipotermia, el lavado intrarterial y el preacondicionamiento tisular. En este artículo se brinda una actualización de la investigación reciente sobre isquemia-reperfusión en microcirugía, a fin de conocer más de su fisiopatología, su prevención e implicaciones clínicas potenciales de las intervenciones terapéuticas para reducir las lesiones celulares.