bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tree species abundance changes at the edges of their climatic distribution: An interplay between climate change, plant traits and forest management
Authors: Padullés Cubino Josep , Vilà‐Cabrera Albert , Retana Javier
Published: September 2024

Climate change is anticipated to have an increased impact on tree populations located at the edges of their climatic tolerances. However, there is still uncertainty about how the interaction between climate change and functional traits drives changes in tree species abundance at climate edges, especially in the context of the abandonment of the traditional forest activity.

We used data from ~445,000 monitored tree stems from 68 species in Spain to (1) quantify tree species abundance changes at the edges of their climatic distributions (cold and wet vs. warm and dry) over the last 25 years and (2) determine the impact of climate change, functional traits and forest densification (used here as an indicator of forest regrowth following anthropogenic disturbance) on these abundance changes. We developed a null model to test whether tree species abundance changes at the climate edges were higher or lower than expected, considering random stem gains and losses along the entire climate gradient.

Across the study area, we found an average increase in tree species abundance over time. Our findings also show a higher than random average increase in tree species abundance at the cold and wet edge, but a random increase at the warm and dry edge. Tree species abundance changes along the entire climate gradient and in the edges were primarily associated with forest densification. However, the interaction between climate change and plant traits impacted tree species abundance changes at the climate edges. Tree species that invested more in their root systems and adopted more acquisitive leaf strategies showed greater increases in abundance in response to climate change.

Synthesis: Our research emphasizes the crucial impact of historical forest management in shaping the current distribution of tree species. After controlling for the effect of forest management, climate change directly influenced tree demographics, favouring species based on their traits. As tree species regain their ecological niches after succession, climate change will determine their abundance by filtering for particular ecological strategies.
The discipline of economics: ambivalent epistemologies and the foreclosure of critique in elite economics education
Authors: Pearson Alice
Published: September 2024

This article interrogates relations between dual senses of economics as ‘discipline’: as a form of knowledge and as a form of training. Scholars have suggested that economics performatively brings homo economicus into being. Yet this has been often posited as a singular figure, while eclipsing the unequal forms of personhood and sociality it instantiates. Through ethnography of elite undergraduate economics education in the United Kingdom, I ask how the ‘representative agents’ of homo economicus are considered ‘representative’, and how they relate to the forms of ‘agency’ that students cultivate. I argue that ambivalent epistemologies in economics oscillate between a‐realism and what I term ‘brutal realism’, which appeals to epistemic prowess yet normalizes the partial perspective of a detached elite masculinity. Students are encouraged to foreclose critique to stabilize these unstable models; thus the multiplicity of representative agents paradoxically contributes to their traction. Meanwhile, students cultivate ethics of efficiency that facilitate this wilful blindness, shaping their trajectories into finance. I demonstrate that the authority of economics emerges through distinct affective, pedagogical, and epistemological forms, and there are multiple mirrors between these forms and the content of economics education.
PicoCam: High‐resolution 3D imaging of live animals and preserved specimens
Authors: Medina Josh , Irschick Duncan , Epperly Kevin , Cuban David , Elting Rosalee , Mansfield Lucas , Lee Nora , Fernandes Ana Melisa , Garzón‐Agudelo Felipe , Rico‐Guevara Alejandro
Published: September 2024

The PicoCam system is a multi‐camera photogrammetry rig used for generating high‐resolution 3D models of animals in the field, or preserved specimens in laboratory or museum settings. The digital measurement of 3D models is increasingly useful for studying body shape. However, methods that capture sub‐millimetric detail often do so at the cost of portability and versatility; this system aims to bridge this gap.

The PicoCam system employs 3D digital photogrammetry, a process that generates accurate, full‐colour, 3D models from sequences of photographs. By using six cameras and a rotating base, the system is able to capture multiple angles in rapid succession—a key advantage for both 3D‐imaging live specimens and efficiently scanning museum specimens. Through the use of macro lenses and high‐resolution camera sensors, this system can capture sub‐millimetric detail without sacrificing portability.

In this study, we 3D imaged the bills of 19 species of hummingbirds using the PicoCam system and measured length, height, width, surface area and volume of their bills. We examined eight species in the field and 11 from the Burke Museum in Seattle. We chose Hummingbird bills as a model system, as their fine‐scale interspecific differences in 3D shape can have significant functional and behavioural implications, and could tell us more about how these traits predict habitat and resource use.

The prospect of a common 3D‐imaging method for both museum and field use is compelling when documenting structures' shape within and among species. The PicoCam system is also valuable for quantifying the 3D shape of fine‐scale phenotypes (like hummingbird bills) that benefit from digital measurement, preservation, and improved accessibility. Finally, the PicoCam system allows ‘digital 3D collection’, by which the shape of biological structures in the field can be recorded and stored in a public database without the need to collect a specimen. This opens the door to studies in which multiple 3D image captures of the same individual across different time scales permit 3D shape/colour comparisons (e.g. seasonal, ontogenetic changes).
The risk tolerance and decision‐making processes of Australian women regarding medication trials in pregnancy
Authors: Quattrini Eva , Ireland Demelza J. , Keelan Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Pregnant women have historically been excluded from participation in medication trials, in part due to the perceived risks of drug exposure to mothers and fetuses. However, little is known about pregnant women's attitudes toward risk and participation in such trials.

Aims

To address this knowledge gap and to identify factors that influence trial participation.

Materials and methods

Australian women over the age of 18, currently pregnant or within six months of delivery, were recruited to participate in an online survey (n = 623) and follow‐up interviews (n = 11). The survey investigated willingness to participate in five hypothetical drug trial scenarios of varying risk. Demographic and obstetric information, including COVID‐19 vaccination status, was also collected. The impact of these factors on trial participation was analysed using ordinal regression. Interviews were subjected to thematic framework analysis using a priori and emergent themes.

Results

Nearly half of the respondents (48%) indicated a willingness to participate in at least one of the hypothetical trials. As trial risk increased participation likelihood decreased, especially if the risk was to the fetus, regardless of benefits to the mother. COVID‐19 vaccination status and medication hesitancy were predictors of an unwillingness to participate. Three broad themes emerged from the qualitative data: risk–benefit analysis, quality of evidence, and trust.

Conclusions

Overall, participants expressed a positive attitude toward research and medication trials during pregnancy, but were concerned about fetal risk. The findings of this study may help enhance trial design and the participation of pregnant women in medication trials.
Significant kidney disease in pregnancy: Feasibility and outcomes of a national population‐based study using the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System
Authors: Jesudason Shilpanjali , Safi Nadom , Li Zhuoyang , Brown Mark , Hague William , Makris Angela , McDonald Stephen , Peek Michael J. , Sullivan Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Background

Current understanding of clinical practice and care for maternal kidney disease in pregnancy in Australia is hampered by limitations in available renal‐specific datasets.

Aims

To capture the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of women with significant kidney disease in pregnancy and demonstrate feasibility of a national cohort study approach.

Materials and Methods

An Australian prospective study (2017–2018) using a new kidney disease‐specific survey within the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System (AMOSS). Women who gave birth with acute kidney injury (AKI), advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), dialysis dependence or a kidney transplant were included. Demographic data, renal and obstetric management, and perinatal outcomes were collected.

Results

Among 58 case notifications from 12 hospitals in five states, we included 23 cases with kidney transplant (n = 12), pre‐existing CKD (n = 8), newly diagnosed CKD (n = 2) and dialysis (n = 1). No cases of AKI were reported. Reporting rates were better in states with study investigators and, overall, cases were likely under‐reported. Nearly 35% of women had a non‐delivery‐related antenatal admission. Nephrology involvement was 78.3% during pregnancy and 91% post‐partum. Adverse events were increased, including pre‐eclampsia (21.7%), and preterm birth (60.9%). Women had high rates of aspirin (82.6%) and antihypertensive (73.9%) use, indwelling catheter for labour/delivery (65.2%), caesarean delivery (60.9%), and blood transfusion (21.7%).

Conclusions

This first‐ever Australian prospective study of significant kidney diseases in pregnancy provided novel insights into renal‐specific clinical patterns and practices. However, under‐reporting was likely. Future studies need to overcome the challenges of case identification and data collection burden.
Position statement on the management of pregnancy in sickle cell disease
Authors: Yue Mimi , Mason Kylie , Rowlands Shelley , Kaplan Zane , Kennedy Debra , Kidson‐Gerber Giselle
Published: September 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary haemoglobinopathy which causes multi‐organ dysfunction. Pregnancies in SCD are high risk with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, including vaso‐occlusive crises, thrombosis, anaemia, placental insufficiency, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth and medication effects. High level evidence on this topic is lacking. The Australian Sickle Cell Disease Working Group has reviewed international guidelines on this topic and provide an up‐to‐date and structured approach to the pre‐conception, antenatal, birth and post‐partum management of these women. Early and comprehensive multidisciplinary care involving experienced clinicians is recommended.
Clinical utility analysis of the Hoxb8 mast cell activation test for the diagnosis of peanut allergy
Authors: Bachmeier‐Zbären Noemi , Celik Alper , van Brummelen Robin , Roos Nadine , Steinmann Melanie , Hoang Jennifer A. , Yin Xiaojun , Ditlof Christina M. , Duan Lucy , Upton Julia E. M. , Kaufmann Thomas , Eggel Alexander , Eiwegger Thomas ,   MONAS working group
Published: September 2024

Background

Peanut allergy is among the most severe and common food allergies. The diagnosis has a significant impact on the quality of life for patients and their families. An effective management approach depends on accurate, safe, and easily implementable diagnostic methods. We previously developed a cell‐based assay using Hoxb8 mast cells (Hoxb8 MCs) aimed at improving clinical allergy diagnosis. In this study, we assessed its diagnostic performance by measuring blinded sera from a prospectively enrolled and pre‐validated peanut allergy cohort.

Methods

Hoxb8 MCs were passively sensitized with sera from peanut‐allergic and peanut tolerant children and adolescents (n = 112). Degranulation of Hoxb8 MCs was quantified upon stimulation with dose‐titrated peanut extract by means of flow cytometry, using CD107a as activation marker. The results from the Hoxb8 mast cell activation test (Hoxb8 MAT) were compared to established diagnostic assays such as the skin prick test (SPT), specific IgE (sIgE) levels, and the basophil activation test (BAT). Additionally, serum samples from BAT nonresponders were assessed with the Hoxb8 MAT.

Results

Hoxb8 MAT displayed a robust dose‐dependent activation to peanut extract, with a cutoff value of ≤5.2% CD107a positive cells. The diagnostic accuracy was highest at allergen concentrations ≥100 ng/mL, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.97, 93% sensitivity, and 96% specificity, outperforming traditional SPT and sIgE tests. When compared to BAT, Hoxb8 MAT exhibited comparable diagnostic efficacy. Moreover, sera from BAT nonresponders were accurately classified into allergics and nonallergics by the Hoxb8 MAT.

Conclusions

The Hoxb8 MAT demonstrated a very good diagnostic precision in patients prospectively assessed for peanut allergy comparable to the fresh whole blood‐based BAT. Additionally, it demonstrated its value for accurate classification of BAT nonresponders into allergic and nonallergic individuals. Further investigations into its utility in the routine clinical setting are warranted.
Full Bayesian analysis of triple seasonal autoregressive models
Authors: Amin Ayman A.
Published: September 2024

Seasonal autoregressive (SAR) time series models have been extended to fit time series exhibiting multiple seasonalities. However, hardly any research in Bayesian literature has been done on modelling multiple seasonalities. In this article, we propose a full Bayesian analysis of triple SAR (TSAR) models for time series with triple seasonality, considering identification, estimation and prediction for these TSAR models. In this Bayesian analysis of TSAR models, we assume the model errors to be normally distributed and the model order to be a random variable with a known maximum value, and we employ the g prior for the model coefficients and variance. Accordingly, we first derive the posterior mass function of the TSAR order in closed form, which then enables us to identify the best order of TSAR model as the order value with the highest posterior probability. In addition, we derive the conditional posteriors to be a multivariate normal for the TSAR coefficients and to be an inverse gamma for the TSAR variance; also, we derive the conditional predictive distribution to be a multivariate normal for future observations. Since these derived conditional distributions are in closed forms, we introduce the Gibbs sampler to present the Bayesian analysis of TSAR models and to easily produce multiple‐step‐ahead predictions. Using Julia programming language, we conduct an extensive simulation study, aiming to evaluate the accuracy of our proposed full Bayesian analysis for TSAR models. In addition, we apply our work on time series to hourly electricity load in some European countries.
Social cognitive consequences of leader artistic literacy
Authors: Duan Jinyun , Wang Tingxi , Xu Yue , Yin Yishuai
Published: September 2024

Despite an increasing interest in developing leaders' artistic capacities to address the complexities and uncertainties of the business environment, there is a scarcity of empirical research on the interpersonal effects of those capacities. To fill this gap, we introduce the concept of “leader artistic literacy” (a leader's proficiency and understanding of various forms of art and their ability to incorporate artistic elements into their communication and behaviors when interacting with followers) and delve into its effects for subordinates. Drawing upon the warmth and competence framework and implicit leadership theory, we investigated how leaders' artistic literacy in different industries influences leadership effectiveness through social cognition of warmth and competence. The results of two experiments (Study 1: N = 146; Study 2: N = 209) with participants from different industries demonstrated that higher artistic literacy in art‐related industries leads to positive social cognition (warmth and competence perception), which in turn promotes subordinates' liking and perceived leaders' promotability. By contrast, in nonart‐related industries, higher artistic literacy may be detrimental to leaders. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
A valence and arousal circumplex examination of affect and creativity at work
Authors: Madrid Hector P. , Patterson Malcolm G.
Published: September 2024

Whether and how affect is related to creativity is a central inquiry in work and organizational psychology. Research has demonstrated that, in general, both positive and negative feelings have the potential to foster the development of novel ideas in the workplace. Nevertheless, drawing on core affect theory, we argue that in addition to affective valence, arousal of feelings should also be taken in account, using a circumplex approach for a complete and finer‐grained approach to this phenomenon. Therefore, we revisit this question by asking Do affective experiences compounded of different blends of valence and arousal relate to creativity at work? Results of a diary study showed that the function of affect relative to creativity in the workplace could be positive, negative, or null depending on one of the 12 valence and arousal compounds examined. Theory and research developed here suggest that the interplay between affect and creativity is more complex than many scholars have believed, which has implications for affect management in organizations.
Conceptualization and measurement of Islamophobia: A systematic review
Authors: Kathawalla Ummul‐Kiram , Gulamhussein Quratulain , Chan Fei Bi , Riegelman Amy , Syed Moin
Published: September 2024

The term Islamophobia is used in research studies; however, it is evident many researchers do not similarly use the term and, subsequently, measure the construct. We evaluate measures based upon their alignment with one first definition of Islamophobia that includes: (1) a perceived fear or threat of Islam/Muslims and (2) an engagement in prejudicial attitudes and/or discriminatory actions. We conducted a systematic literature search of 15 databases to identify Islamophobia‐related measures used in the literature from 1992 to 2018 (updated 2022). The measures were reviewed to examine alignment with the definition of Islamophobia and their psychometric properties. We identified 12 validated measures of Islamophobia and provided an in‐depth review of each measure. Additionally, we cataloged the 249 validated and nonvalidated measures of Islamophobia (N = 24), and the five remaining content areas—prejudicial attitudes (N = 80), discriminatory actions (N = 21), fear of Muslims (N = 23), anti‐other group (N = 52), and experiences of discrimination for Muslims (N = 49) by validity, measure structure, and other criteria (Tables 1–12). This systematic review can assist researchers in identifying and selecting the most reliable and valid measure related to their definition of Islamophobia.
Percutaneous endoscopic intragastric surgery for gastric metastases of renal cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Hayashi Saki , Tsuji Toshikatsu , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Takenaka Shunsuke , Machi Ryosuke , Mitta Kazuyoshi , Doden Kenta , Suzuki Hayato , Shimada Mari , Saito Hiroto , Yamamoto Daisuke , Moriyama Hideki , Kinoshita Jun , Inaki Noriyuki
Published: September 2024

To our knowledge, this is the first report of percutaneous endoscopic intragastric surgery (PEIGS) for gastric metastases from other organs. A 70‐year‐old male with a history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was referred to our department for the treatment of gastric metastasis of RCC. Partial gastrectomy was performed using single‐incision PEIGS. Two years after the surgery, a follow‐up esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a tumor located on the middle greater curvature of the stomach. The diagnosis was metastatic renal cell carcinoma, prompting a similar surgery. No recurrence was observed after the second surgery. PEIGS is a minimally invasive option for the treatment of metastatic gastric tumors.
In vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of bakery by‐products containing high starch and sugar
Authors: Nayohan Sandi , Sekoguchi Miyu , Nishikawa Yoshimasa , Matamura Masaya , Jayanegara Anuraga , Matsui Hiroki , Kondo Makoto
Published: September 2024

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of bakery by‐products (castella, pancake, baumkuchen) and their effect on rumen fermentation in vitro as compared with steam‐flaked corn and barley as human‐edible grains. The fermentation pattern of sugar and starch as pure components was also investigated. Additionally, rumen pH was evaluated using a low‐capacity buffer. Bakery by‐products contained high sugar (212–590 g/kg DM) and starch (262–545 g/kg DM). Castella exhibited the highest sugar content, whereas pancake and baumkuchen were rich in starch and ether extract within bakery by‐products, respectively. The gas production rate at the early phase of incubation was higher in bakery by‐products than in grains, and the highest in castella among all feeds. Bakery by‐products produced higher total organic acids and propionate than grains. Bakery by‐products also exhibited a lower rumen pH than grains during twenty‐four hours of incubation with a low‐capacity buffer. As pure components, sucrose showed a higher gas production rate and lower pH than starch. Overall, compared with grains, bakery by‐products have the potential not only to supply more energy to ruminants but also decrease rumen pH because sugar and starch in bakery by‐products ferment rapidly and produce higher organic acids in the rumen.
Experiencing enjoyment in visual programming tasks promotes self‐efficacy and reduces the gender gap
Authors: Smit Robbert , Schmid Rahel , Robin Nicolas
Published: September 2024

Secondary school students (N = 269) participated in a daylong visual programming course held in a stimulating environment for start‐up enterprises. The tasks were application‐oriented and partly creative. For example, a wearable device with light‐emitting diodes, (ie, LEDs) could be applied to a T‐shirt and used for optical messages. Our research questions related to the control‐value model of achievement emotions. We measured experienced enjoyment four times and examined the dependence of enjoyment on the individual tasks. Experience of enjoyment was also tested for the prediction of students' self‐efficacy for programming. The results showed that momentary enjoyment was not significantly dependent on the task situation, but it was dependent on the general enjoyment of programming. However, students with lower enjoyment scores showed higher increases in enjoyment during the final tasks than those with higher initial scores. The emotion score of the girls increased more than those of the boys but the girls' overall enjoyment scores were lower than those of the boys. Students' self‐efficacy beliefs of both genders increased over the course, and some of the differences in beliefs can be explained by the enjoyment of the course. In conclusion, our teaching approach seemed beneficial for the motivation to learn programming, particularly among girls.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Lower secondary students often report a lack of self‐efficacy beliefs for visual programming, especially girls whose confidence in their abilities seems to be missing.

Activities that show how programming can be used in everyday life or at work promote interest and enjoyment, especially among girls.

What this paper adds

Experiencing enjoyment did not depend on individual task types (more structured vs. more open), but proved to be stable across all tasks.

The experience of positive emotions in our computer science course had an impact on the secondary school students' self‐efficacy beliefs.

Implications for practice and/or policy

The combination of smart textiles and programming was viewed as a motivating learning experience with the potential to foster secondary school students' confidence and problem‐solving skills in computer science.

A guided sequence of learning to debug can provide a self‐enhancing foundation for the students' own activities with following tasks that are more open and creative approaches.
Mega‐dose decitabine conditioning and prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion for patients with relapsed/refractory AML with active disease at the time of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: A multicenter prospective phase II study
Authors: Lv Meng , Yan Chen‐Hua , Ma Rui , He Yun , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Zhi‐Dong , Chen Yu‐Hong , Han Wei , Kong Jun , Han Ting‐Ting , Liu Jing , Zheng Hao , Mo Xiao‐Dong , Sun Yu‐Qian , Wang Yu , Xu Lan‐Ping , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Huang Xiao‐Jun
Published: September 2024

Patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (R/R AML), especially those who failed in novel target agents are related to dismal survival. We developed a multi‐institutional, single‐arm, prospective phase II trial, to investigate intensified conditioning with ‘Mega‐Dose’ decitabine (MegaDAC) following allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) for R/R AML. From 2019 to 2023, 70 heavily treated R/R AML patients in active disease were consecutively enrolled. Significantly, every patient (n = 18) harbouring specific mutations exhibited no response to their best available target agents (BATs). Moreover, 74.3% of the enrolled patients did not reach remission following venetoclax‐based regimens. All patients underwent intravenous decitabine (400 mg/m2) along with busulfan and cyclophosphamide. Median follow‐up was 26 months (8–65) after HCT. All engrafted patients achieved MRD negativity post‐HCT, with a median 3.3‐log reduction in recurrent genetic abnormalities. The regimen was well tolerated, without irreversible grades III–IV toxicity peri‐engraftment. The estimated 2‐year CIR was 29.6% (18.4%–41.7%) and the est‐2‐year NRM was 15.5% (7.8%–25.5%). The est‐2‐year LFS, OS, and GRFS were 55.0% (43.5%–69.4%), 58.6% (47.0%–73.0%), and 42.9% (31.9%–57.6%), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that pre‐HCT drug exposures had no significant impact on primary outcomes. MegaDAC is highlighted as an effective and safe option for R/R AML in the new era of targeted therapies.
Impact of Glycine Powder Air‐Abrasive Debridement on Peri‐Implant Mucositis: A Randomized Control Trial of Clinical, Microbial, and Immunological Changes
Authors: Partido Brian , Saraswat Shweta , Kumar Purnima S.
Published: September 2024

Aim

Peri‐implant mucositis, a dysbiosis‐driven inflammatory disease, is a precursor to peri‐implantitis, underscoring the need for early disease management. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of glycine powder in resolving clinical inflammation and restoring host‐microbial homeostasis.

Methods

Thirty subjects were randomized to receive either glycine powder air‐abrasive debridement or ultrasonic instrumentation. Clinical parameters (probe depth [PD], modified Sulcular Bleeding Index [mSBI], modified Plaque Index [mPlI]), biofilm and peri‐implant crevicular fluid were collected at baseline and at 1‐day, 1‐, 3‐, 6‐weeks and 3‐ and 6‐months post‐therapy. Microbial recolonization was examined using 16S rDNA sequencing and immune response was semi‐quantified using a bead‐based 17‐plex microarray.

Results

At 6‐months, both groups demonstrated non‐significant reductions in mSBI when compared to baseline (p > 0.05, Wald test, mixed model for repeated measures). However, mSBI and PD decreased in the test group from week‐1 to 3‐months, while control group decreased at 1‐ and 3‐weeks only. mSBI was lower in the test group when compared to controls from Week‐1 to 3‐months, while PD differed between groups at 6 weeks and 3‐months. Glycine group demonstrated significant microbial shifts after 24‐h, increases in species richness and health‐compatible species, and loss of pathobionts (p < 0.001, Dunn test). Pro‐inflammatory cytokines decreased from 1‐ to 6‐weeks or 3‐months (p < 0.05, Wald test). Comparable results were obtained in the ultrasonic group at 3‐weeks and sustained over 6‐weeks post‐therapy.

Conclusions

Glycine therapy leads to early and sustained change in host‐microbial interactions when compared to ultrasonics, however, the changes wrought by both therapies were sustained for a maximum of 3 months.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05810558
Cross‐reactivity between thiuram disulfides and dithiocarbamates. A study of TETD and ZDEC using mouse models
Authors: Kursawe Larsen Christoffer , Funch Anders Boutrup , Vaher Helen , Lohmann Rebecca Kitt Davidson , Jee Mia Hamilton , Schwensen Jakob F. B. , Zachariae Claus , Svedman Cecilia , Bergendorff Ola , Bonefeld Charlotte Menné , Johansen Jeanne D.
Published: September 2024

Background

Rubber accelerators are used in the vulcanization of rubber. However, rubber accelerators for example tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD) and zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) may cause contact allergy. Concomitant reactions between ZDEC and TETD have been observed in patients which could be explained by co‐ or cross‐reactivity.

Objectives

To investigate cross‐reactivity between TETD and ZDEC and vice versa.

Methods

Groups of mice were sensitized with TETD or ZDEC based on reported EC3‐values. Proliferation of lymphocytes were measured on day 5. To test cross‐reactivity, mice were sensitized and challenged 3 weeks later with TETD or ZDEC. The inflammatory response was measured by changes in ear thickness and the proliferative response in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the submandibular and cervical draining lymph nodes.

Results

Sensitization of mice with doses of ZDEC 3%, TETD 5.6% or TETD 16.2% induced significant increased ear thickness and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Challenge with ZDEC or TETD in these groups induced significant increased ear thickness. Challenge with ZDEC in mice sensitized to TETD 5.6% or TETD 16.2% induced significant increased proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Conclusions

We show cross‐reactivity between TETD and ZDEC. Patients sensitized to TETD or ZDEC should avoid exposure to both ZDEC and TETD.
Prevalence of contact allergy to gold in dermatitis patients from 2010 to 2024: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jensen Mikkel Bak , Kursawe Larsen Christoffer , Isufi Daniel , Seyed‐Alinaghi Farzad , Ahlström Malin G. , Mortz Charlotte G. , Johansen Jeanne D.
Published: September 2024

Gold contact allergy is diagnosed by patch testing using gold chloride or gold sodium thiosulfate. These tests often show high positivity rates, but a direct correlation with dermatitis from everyday gold exposure is rare. The aim of this study was to investigate and estimate the current prevalence of gold contact allergy in dermatitis patients. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for studies reporting the prevalence of gold contact allergy in dermatitis patients and published between January 2010 and May 2024. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed, and pooled proportions were calculated using random effects models. Sixteen studies with 14 887 dermatitis patients were included. The pooled prevalence of gold contact allergy was 14.1% (95% confidence intervals: 9.5%–19.4%) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98.3%). High positivity rates with limited clinical relevance highlight the need for cautious interpretation. Even within the same country, studies find different prevalence rates. Standardized testing protocols and further research are needed to better understand and manage this allergy.
Attitudes and Perceptions of Australian Dentists and Dental Students Towards Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Survey
Authors: Hegde Shwetha , Nanayakkara Shanika , Jordan Ashleigh , Jeha Omar , Patel Usaamah , Luu Vivian , Gao Jinlong
Published: September 2024

Introduction

As artificial intelligence (AI) rapidly evolves in dentistry, understanding dentists' and dental students' perspectives is key. This survey evaluated Australian dentists' and students' attitudes and perceptions of AI in dentistry.

Methods

An online questionnaire developed on Qualtrics was distributed among registered Australian dentists and students enrolled in accredited Australian dental or oral health programmes. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were used to examine the demographic variables and participant attitudes.

Results

177 responses were received, and 155 complete responses were used in data analysis. 54.8% were aware of dental AI applications, but 70.3% could not name a specific AI software. A majority (91.6%) viewed AI as a supportive tool, with 69% believing that it would be beneficial in clinical tasks and 35.6% expecting it to perform similarly to an average specialist. 40% anticipated that dental AI would be routinely used in the next 5–10 years, with more dental students expecting this short‐term integration. Concerns included job displacement, inflexibility in patient care, and mistrust of AI's accuracy. Attitudes towards AI were influenced by age, gender, clinical experience and technological proficiency.

Conclusions

The survey underscores the potential of AI to revolutionise dental care, enhancing clinical workflows and decision‐making. However, challenges like trust in AI and ethical concerns remain. It is recommended that practising dentists receive hands‐on training with AI tools and continuing dental education programmes. Integrating AI into dental curricula and fostering interdisciplinary teaching and research collaborations between computer science and dentistry is necessary to prepare graduates to use AI effectively and responsibly.
Making Sense of the Internal Audit Function: Toward Internal Controls Integration and Organizational Learning
Authors: Cantù Elena , Langella Cecilia , Vannini Ilaria Elisa
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the ongoing debate on the internal audit function in the public sector, by discussing the role that this function can play in addressing the following issues: (i) the complex and fragmented structure of internal control systems resulting from the progressive layering of multiple audit bodies and assurance providers with different standards and tools, and possible overlapping competences and activities, and (ii) the emphasis of internal controls on monitoring, which has become an end in itself, with no attention to value creation. To this end, the article examines the evidence from a research project aimed at improving the internal control system of public healthcare organizations in an Italian region (i.e., Emilia‐Romagna) that has long since reflected on public audit issues. Findings shed light on the activities and tools developed and implemented by the regional audit team and the internal auditors. The article provides some significant research contribution in that, drawing on the theoretical lens provided by Miller and Power, it reveals how the internal audit function can improve integration and coordination within the internal control system and foster a risk management culture that enables organizational learning.
Physiological response of milkfish (Chanos chanos) to capture in a fly fishing catch‐and‐release recreational fishery
Authors: Danylchuk Andy J. , Griffin Lucas P. , Lawrence Michael , Danylchuk Sascha Clark , Brighton Eleanor , Fordham Gail , Curd George , Simpson Kyle , Merwe Devan Vd , Cooke Steven J.
Published: September 2024

Recreational angling for novel marine species and related tourism development can be important in a Blue Economy. The milkfish (Chanos chanos) is growing in popularity as a target of fly fishing‐based catch‐and‐release (C&R) recreational fisheries, largely because of their challenge to catch and powerful swimming abilities, resulting in fight times that can exceed 1 h. Anecdotal sentiments by anglers claim that milkfish can fight for long periods of time because they do not accumulate blood lactate. To test this hypothesis, we measured blood lactate and blood glucose for 21 milkfish caught by fly fishing in the remote Alphonse Group of islands, Republic of Seychelles. Fight times ranged 5–78.3 min. Blood lactate and blood glucose concentrations increased with fight times that did not exceed 60 min. Total length of milkfish was not correlated to blood lactate or blood glucose concentrations. Ours is the first study on C&R of milkfish that debunks the anecdote that milkfish can fight for long periods of time because they do not accumulate blood lactate. Our study also revealed that milkfish may begin to physiologically recover after fight times longer than 60 min. In the context of C&R, our study indicates that anglers should limit fight times to 20–30 min when possible to reduce angling‐induced physiological stress and other potential impacts (e.g., depredation) on milkfish in recreational fisheries.
Efficacy and safety of a recombinant von Willebrand factor treatment in acquired von Willebrand syndrome in case of bleeding and surgical procedures
Authors: Desprez Dominique , Pierre Léa , Hittinger Xavier , Babuty Antoine , Sattler Laurent , Ternisien Catherine , Herb Agathe , Trossaërt Marc , Gérout Anne‐Cécile , Fouassier Marc , Wimmer Jordan , Feugeas Olivier , Drillaud Nicolas
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a rare haemorrhagic disorder. The prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding before surgery are complex. Since 2018, a new recombinant VWF (rVWF) concentrate that contains no factor VIII (FVIII) but a high amount of high molecular weight VWF multimers has been available in France.

Aim

To describe the real‐world experience of using rVWF in non‐surgical bleeding and surgical procedures in patients with AVWS.

Methods

Fifteen bleeding episodes in seven patients and 16 surgeries in 10 patients were retrospectively analysed in t French haemostasis centres.

Results

During bleeding, the median number of infusions was only 1 (range 1–27) with a median loading dose of 58 IU/kg (range 17–116) rVWF and a total median dose of 65 IU/kg (range 35–1488) rVWF. Bleeding control was rated markedly effective in 73% (11/15) of the cases and ineffective in 27% (4/15).

During surgeries, the median number of infusions was 3 (range 1–8) with a preoperative loading dose of 60 IU/kg (range 23–118) rVWF and a total median dose of 123 IU/kg (range 31–542). The overall clinical efficacy was qualified as excellent, good and poor (ISTH criteria) in respectively 7 (43%), 6 (38%) and 3 (19%) procedures.

There was no accumulation of VWF or FVIII during postoperative monitoring. No thromboembolic events nor adverse events were reported.

Conclusion

This French ‘real‐world’ experience shows that rVWF could be of interest in the treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients with AVWS, with no clinically significant safety concern.
Alkali‐activated rice husk ash‐foamed composites: Correlation between pore structure, hydration, and hardening properties
Authors: Bai Ying‐hua , Xie Yuan‐liang , Chen Yu
Published: September 2024

Solid waste recycling plays a crucial role in environmental protection and energy conservation. This study explores the impact of the modulus of the alkaline activator on the dry density, water absorption rate, thermal conductivity, electromagnetic wave absorption, and compressive and flexural strength of rice husk ash (RHA)‐foamed composites. Additionally, the foamed composite's micropore structure and hydration characteristics were characterized. For the first time, the study reveals the correlation between the pore structure, hydration products, and hardening properties of alkali‐activated RHA‐foamed composites. The study found that decreasing the modulus of the alkaline activator increased the amount of OH− ions available in the gel, and the number of micropores (r ≤ .1 µm) in the foamed composites increased from 7.1903% to 21.3156%. This resulted in the refinement of pore sizes and optimization of heat transfer paths. Meanwhile, increasing the C–S–H gel composition in the hydrated products improved its compressive and flexural strength. When the alkali modulus reaches 1, 28 days foamed composites display compressive strength of 8.33 MPa and thermal conductivity of .1404 W/(m·K). Furthermore, the superior pore structure improved the electromagnetic wave absorption of the foamed composites, yielding a reflection loss value of −12.02 dB.
Fructose intake, endogenous biomarkers and latent metabolic construct in adolescents: Exploring path associations and mediating effects
Authors: Wu Pei‐Wen , Chin Yu‐Ting , Lin Wei‐Ting , Tsai Sharon , Lee Chun‐Ying , Tsai Wei‐Chung , Seal David W. , Lee Chien‐Hung
Published: September 2024

Background

Uric acid (UA) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) are endogenous biomarkers implicated in metabolic disorders and dysfunction.

Objectives

To investigate the structural associations between sugar‐sweetened beverage intake (SSB), UA, HOMA‐IR and adolescent latent MetS construct (MetsC) representing paediatric metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods

A population‐based representative adolescent cohort (n = 1454) was evaluated for risk profiles of MetS. Structural equation modelling was performed to identify multifactor structural associations between study parameters and evaluate mediating effects.

Results

Adolescents had a single‐factor latent construct representing MetS. Increased SSB intake was associated with higher UA and HOMA‐IR levels, and the two biomarkers were positively associated with the MetsC score. UA and HOMA‐IR exerted three mediating effects on the association between fructose‐rich tea beverage (FTB) intake of >500 mL/day and MetsC: adjusted standardized coefficient and mediating effect (%), FTB → UA → MetsC: 0.071, 23.1%; FTB → HOMA‐IR → MetsC: 0.034, 11.0%; FTB → UA → HOMA‐IR → MetsC: 0.010, 3.1%. The UA‐associated pathways accounted for 31.1% of the overall mediation on the association between bottled sugar‐containing beverage intake and MetsC. After accounting for the UA‐ and HOMA‐IR‐derived detrimental effects, the fructose‐rich tea beverage intake of >500 mL/day had a tea‐related beneficial effect on MetsC, with an adjusted standardized coefficient of −0.103.

Conclusions

UA and HOMA‐IR individually and jointly mediate the adverse effects of high fructose‐rich SSB intake on the mechanisms underlying paediatric MetS. Fructose‐free tea‐based beverages may have a beneficial effect on latent MetS structure in adolescents.
Recovery From Severe Mental Illnesses: The Influence of Personal and Psychosocial Factors in Community Settings
Authors: Fu Jie , Zhu Jianwen , Dong Jiajia , Wang Yang , Wang Sizhe , Zhang Xia , Wen Lu , Fan Hong
Published: September 2024

Severe mental illnesses (SMIs) represent a significant public health challenge with substantial personal, economic and societal burdens. Despite treatment advances, recovery outcomes for SMI patients remain variable. This study aimed to investigate the influence of personal and psychosocial factors on recovery among SMI patients in community health settings. This cross‐sectional study was conducted in 23 community health service centres in Nanjing, China. We recruited 924 participants diagnosed with SMIs, using a random sampling method. The relationships between individual, psychosocial factors and patients' recovery status were analysed by multiple linear regression. The mediation effect of medication adherence was further tested by the Sobel test with bootstrapping. The mean score of the Morningside Rehabilitation Status Scale (MRSS) of 924 patients with SMIs was 49.82 ± 41.52. The main influencing personal factors of recovery status were age, marital status, education, average annual income and duration of illness. Patients who were accepted by their families tended to have better recovery outcomes, while stigma and social impairment may hinder recovery. Medication adherence played a mediating role between psychosocial factors and recovery status. This study highlights the crucial role of psychosocial factors in the treatment and recovery of SMI patients. Furthermore, medication adherence emerged as a mediating factor. Implementing targeted interventions and policies addressing identified psychosocial barriers can offer promising avenues for improving recovery outcomes for SMI patients in community settings.
Cyclosporine plus methylprednisolone versus cyclophosphamide plus methylprednisolone as prophylaxis for graft‐versus‐host disease: A randomized double‐blind study in patients undergoing allogeneic marrow transplantation
Authors: Santos George W. , Tutschka Peter J. , Brookmeyer Ronald , Saral Rein , Beschorner William E. , Bias Wilma B. , Braine Hayden G. , Burns William H. , Farmer Evan R. , Hess Allan D. , Kaizer Herbert , Mellits David , Sensenbrenner Lyle L. , Stuart Robert , Yeager Andrew M.
Published: September 2024

Eighty‐two patients, 12–39 years old, with acute and chronic leukemia, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, aplastic anemia and adrenal leukodystrophy were given marrow transplants following intensive cytoreductive therapy. The patients were then randomized in a double‐blind fashion to receive either cyclophosphamide (CY) and methylprednisolone (MP) (n = 40) or cyclosporine (CsA) and MP (n = 42) as post‐grafting prophylaxis for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). All but 2 patients showed evidence of sustained hematopoietic engraftment. Eight of 40 patients receiving CY and MP and 16 of 42 patients receiving CsA and MP are alive at between 2.4 and 4.0 yr and 1.9 and 3.8 yr, respectively. The actuarial survival at 4 yr is 20% and 38% respectively (p = 0.03). The probability of developing acute GVHD on the CY and MP arm was 0.68 and 0.32 for those on the CsA and MP arm (p = 0.005). The probability of developing chronic GVHD was 18% on the CY and MP arm and 40% on the CsA and MP arm. This difference was not significant. The speed of granulocyte and platelet recovery was significantly faster for the CsA and MP arm (p = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). Although the mean duration of hospitalization was less for the CsA and MP arm it was not significantly so. The cumulative incidence of renal failure was higher on the CsA and MP arm (p < 0.01). The causes of death were comparable in both arms of the study. With the transplant regimens used in this study CsA and MP reduced the incidence of acute GVHD and improved survival as compared to the patients on CY and MP.