bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who was buried with Nestor’s Cup? Macroscopic and microscopic analyses of the cremated remains from Tomb 168 (second half of the 8th century BCE, Pithekoussai, Ischia Island, Italy)
Authors: Gigante Melania , Nava Alessia , Paine Robert R. , Fiore Ivana , Alhaique Francesca , Esposito Carmen Mariarosaria , Sperduti Alessandra , Bonetto Jacopo , Cinquantaquattro Teresa Elena , d’Agostino Bruno , Bondioli Luca
Published: October 2021

Cremation 168 from the second half of the 8thcentury BCE (Pithekoussai’s necropolis, Ischia Island, Italy), better known as the Tomb of Nestor’s Cup, is widely considered as one of the most intriguing discoveries in the Mediterranean Pre-Classic archaeology. A drinking cup, from which the Tomb’s name derives, bears one of the earliest surviving examples of written Greek, representing the oldest Homeric poetry ever recovered. According to previous osteological analyses, the Cup is associated with the cremated remains of a juvenile, aged approximately 10–14 years at death. Since then, a vast body of literature has attempted to explain the unique association between the exceptionality of the grave good complex, the symposiac and erotic evocation of the Nestor’s Cup inscription with the young age of the individual buried with it. This paper reconsiders previous assessments of the remains by combining gross morphology with qualitative histology and histomorphometric analyses of the burnt bone fragments. This work reveals the commingled nature of the bone assemblage, identifying for the first time, more than one human individual mixed with faunal remains. These outcomes dramatically change previous reconstructions of the cremation deposit, rewriting the answer to the question: who was buried with Nestor’s Cup?.
Islamic-based Institutions during Coronavirus Pandemic: A Comparative Case Study of Auckland, New Zealand and Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Arrasya Fara Shabira , Grayman Jesse Hession
Published: October 2021

This article discusses interventions by Islamic-based institutions during coronavirus pandemic in Auckland, New Zealand and Jakarta, Indonesia. The aim of this article is to compare the interventions implemented by various Islamic-based institutions both in Auckland and in Jakarta. The method consists of literature review, informal interviews, and participant observations. There are three types of Islamic-based institutions: the formal institutions with its hierarchy and leadership, the independent non-governmental communities, and the informal local communities. In Auckland, the interventions were mostly done by the independent non-governmental communities and informal local communities. Kiwi Muslims tended to seek spiritual and material help at the closest Islamic-based institutions. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, the interventions were mostly implemented by formal institutions such as Majelis Ulama Indonesia (Indonesian Council of Ulama) with different kinds of support from large Islamic civil society organizations, such as Nahdalatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah. MUI’s interventions aimed for wide acceptance among all Indonesian Muslims, but fatalistic and deterministic perspectives among many Indonesian Muslims led to low effort in mitigating pandemic and less compliance with MUI and government’s regulations.
Crisis Communication in the Time Of COVID-19: The Significance of Grassroot Initiative in Democratic Countries (Case of Brazil, Indonesia, and the United States)
Authors: Putra Marshell Adi , Bhaskara Ignasius Loyola Adhi , Valerisha Anggia
Published: October 2021

All countries are adapting to the dynamics and changes posed by the global pandemic of COVID-19. The government is expected to act immediately and effectively in response to the crisis, particularly through public communication to their respective citizens. In this regard, crisis communication is vital to minimize the loss and damage caused by the pandemic in various aspects of life. Being able to communicate in the right and effective way during a crisis can determine the overall outcome of the situation. This paper explores on how crisis communication has conducted in the time of COVID-19 by comparing three respective democratic governments: Brazil, Indonesia, and the United States. Through qualitative method, this paper argues that in a democratic society where openness and freedom of speech is guaranteed, the process to disseminate information through crisis communication could be a daunting task. The study indicated at least four main factors that could hinder the effectiveness of crisis communication: 1) a large population and politically divide in the society; 2) the lack of coordination between levels of governments; 3) the governments’ lack of capability to communicate with the public; and 4) an incompetent crisis communication strategy. The study also found some of the grassroot initiative which is seen significance to fill the information gaps left by the government.
Reconstruction of Juxta-Articular Bone Defect in an Infected Fracture Distal Right Femur Using Autologous Fibular Strut and Iliac Crest Graft
Authors: Dhaniwala Nareshkumar Satyanarayan , Khan Khizar Khusrau , Ahmed Salahuddin
Published: October 2021

Distal femur fractures are about 7 % of all femur fractures.1 Being complex in nature management of these fractures is difficult; management is still a challenge in this technically advanced era. Fibular strut graft is one of the useful and simple options to manage defects in distal femur fractures. High velocity injuries causing open fractures may lead to infection and non-union of fracture if proper debridement and antibiotics are not used as per established protocol. Antibiotics can be given mixed with polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) cement formed in beads at the open fracture site or coated over a nail.2 This causes slow release of antibiotics and helps in control of infection. Local infection, damaged soft tissue, ischemia over fracture site, stabilisation of fracture, the hardware used and patient’s co morbidities all play a role in union and infection control of open fractures. Early detection of infection is important to avoid non-union and related complications. Distal femur juxta-articular fracture may develop infection due to fractures and unstable fixation more commonly. This may result in cavity formation and complications like osteomyelitis often leading to bone destruction and sequestrum formation. Its management becomes a challenging task for an orthopaedic surgeon.3- 9 The reconstructive methods are autogenous cortical bone, cancellous bone, allograft, bone substitutes like synthetic bone blocks and bone granules. Free bone transfer is crucial in reconstructing massive defects in distal femur fracture due to properties of rapid healing and being hypertrophic.7-13 Fibula is the best available option for grafting in massive defects of femur due to its characteristics like mechanical strength, length, minimum morbidity, and resistance to infection.3,11,13 A single fibula strut graft can give up to 26 cm of graft. The case reported here is of a patient of juxta-articular bone defect in an infected previously operated fracture distal femur using autologous fibular strut and iliac crest graft
Practices in Handling Clinical Samples in a COVID-19 Laboratory - An Experience from Chennai, India
Authors: Jacob Saramma Mini , Sivasangeetha Kanagasabai , Anitha Durairaj , Kaplana Singaram
Published: October 2021

In early January 2020, China had started raising concerns of a new contagious disease caused by new strains of coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, had declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. COVID-19 was transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, breathing or through contact with a surface that has been contaminated 1 and through aerosols-airborne microdroplets.2 The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 represents a wide spectrum of disease ranging from mild to severe respiratory syndrome influenza-like illness with mainly lower respiratory tract symptoms, complicated by pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), high fever, and headache. In many cases, loss of taste and smell and severe gastrointestinal symptoms were reported, as are cardiac problems, with the latter being perhaps secondary to a cytokine storm such as is seen in the more severely affected patients. 3 WHO COVID-19 dashboard on June 25th 2021 showed 179, 686, 071 confirmed cases worldwide.
Encuesta sobre comportamiento familiar frente al desperdicio de alimentos y determinacion del costo nutricional de este, en una muestra de hogares en chile: resultados de un estudio piloto
Authors: Cáceres-Rodríguez Paola , Morales-Zúñiga Marion , Jara-Nercasseau Macarena , Huentel-Sanhueza Constanza , Jara-Vargas Catalina , Solís-Bastías Yazmin
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Las pérdidas y desperdicios de alimentos son considerados uno de los mayores problemas ambientales y sociales a nivel mundial. Respecto de los desperdicios, la evidencia internacional muestra que la mayor parte ocurre a nivel de hogar, representando un costo económico y nutricional evitable para las familias. Hasta la fecha, en Chile no hay estudios sobre el tema. Objetivo:Describir el comportamiento alimentario familiar frente al desperdicio de alimentos, a través del diseño y validación de una encuesta aplicada en una muestra de hogares en Chile, y determinar el costo nutricional de los desperdicios generados. Material y métodos: Estudio experimental descriptivo y prospectivo, de tipo piloto, donde se determinaron, mediante un instrumento validado, datos sociodemográficos y variables del comportamiento alimentario (compra, preparación, consumo y actitud) y se cuantificó el aporte calórico y de macro y micronutrientes de los desperdicios generados por una muestra de 15 hogares de la región metropolitana.Resultados: De acuerdo con la encuesta, las familias no contaban con estrategias de planificación de compra generando excedentes en el consumo, comportamiento que no les resulta indiferente mostrando una disposición positiva a disminuirlo. El desperdicio promedio por hogar en una semana fue de 3,65 kg compuesto principalmente por frutas y verduras. Esta cantidad y/o tipo de desperdicios no mostró relación significativa con las variables del comportamiento. El costo nutricional de los desperdicios fue de 4335 kcal promedio por hogar, proveniente mayormente de carbohidratos. Los micronutrientes más afectados fueron las vitaminas C, B3 y K, Sodio, Potasio, Hierro y Cobre ya sea por cantidad o respecto del requerimiento.Conclusiones: Los datos obtenidos sobre cuantificación, composición, comportamiento alimentario e impacto nutricional del desperdicio generado por hogares chilenos, representa un avance para generar estrategias nacionales que apunten a su reducción y a la promoción de un consumo sostenible.
Perfil antropométrico en gimnastas de diferente nivel de rendimiento: un estudio comparativo
Authors: Ruano Masiá Carmen , Sellés Pérez Sergio , Cejuela Anta Roberto
Published: October 2021

Introducción: La antropometría es uno de los principales factores de rendimiento en Gimnasia Rítmica. Existen ciertas variables que han sido relacionadas directamente con el rendimiento en competición, como la talla, circunferencia del muslo o porcentaje de masa grasa, y otras que se han relacionado con otros factores de rendimiento, como capacidad de salto o flexibilidad. Se han realizado estudios antropométricos previos comparando gimnastas de diferentes niveles, pero ninguno con muestra española. En el presente trabajo se pretende comparar dos grupos de gimnastas españolas de diferentes niveles. Material y métodos: Dieciséis gimnastas (14,1±1,2 años) fueron evaluadas y divididas en dos grupos, élite (n=4) y no élite (n=12). Se registraron: talla, peso, cinco diámetros (biacromial, bicrestal, bimaleolar de fémur y húmero y biestiloideo de muñeca), seis perímetros (brazo relajado, brazo contraído, muslo medio y máximo y pantorrilla) y ocho pliegues cutáneos (bicipital, tricipital, subescapular, supraespinal, abdominal, muslo y pierna), siguiendo el procedimiento ISAK.Resultados: Las gimnastas élite muestran menores valores en los pliegues cutáneos, los perímetros y el porcentaje de masa grasa. Destacan las diferencias en el perímetro del muslo (p=0,031; g=1,32), el pliegue subescapular (p=0,014; g=1,53) o el abdominal (p=0,001; g=1,61), así como en el porcentaje graso total (p=0,077 g=1,04). Las gimnastas de menor nivel se encuentran de media en valores endo-mesomórficos, mientras que en las de mayor nivel predomina la ectomorfia.Conclusiones: Las diferencias en el nivel competitivo de las gimnastas parecen estar más relacionadas con la composición corporal que con la masa total. Gimnastas de nivel superior muestran un somatotipo ectomórfico balanceado, mientras que aquellas de nivel inferior muestran un somatotipo endo-mesomórfico. Por tanto, los factores antropométricos entrenables (composición corporal) y no entrenables (diámetros óseos y talla), pueden condicionar y/o limitar el nivel de rendimiento.
Estudio transversal sobre la relación entre la actividad física y la calidad de la dieta mediterránea en estudiantes de Bachillerato de Murcia (España)
Authors: Carrillo-López Pedro José , Pérez-Soto Juan José , Rosa-Guillamón Andrés , García-Cantó Eliseo , Moral-García José Enrique
Published: October 2021

Introducción: El objetivo fue determinar la relación existente entre el nivel de actividad física y la calidad de la dieta mediterránea en escolares de Bachillerato. 
Material y método: Estudio transversal realizado con 119 escolares de Murcia (España) con un rango de edad comprendido entre los 16-17 años. Estos escolares fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Se valoró la calidad de la dieta mediterránea (CD) a través del cuestionario Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents y la actividad física (AF) a través del cuestionario International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. El análisis estadístico ha sido llevado a cabo mediante las pruebas estadísticas ji al cuadrado de Pearson, T Student, One-way ANOVA y un análisis de regresión lineal.
Resultados: Los resultados de los análisis mostraron diferencias significativas en el promedio de la actividad física, donde los varones mostraron valores más elevados que las mujeres (p < 0.001). Entre las mujeres, aquellas con un menor nivel de AF mostraron un mayor uso de aceite de oliva y desayunar habitualmente bolleria industrial (p<0,005). Entre los varones, aquellos con un nivel de AF mayor mostraron un mayor consumo de verduras frescas, de pasta o arroz y, frutos secos (p<0,005). Considerando el total, respecto a las diferencias en el nivel de AF en función de la CD, se encontraron diferencias entre un nivel alto de CD y sus pares homólogos con un nivel bajo (p< 0,001). Por último, se halló una asociación entre la AF y la CD (p < 0,001) con un valor de R2 = 0,275.
Conclusiones: Una mayor actividad física se relaciona con una mayor calidad de la dieta media en escolares de Bachillerato. Estos resultados son de interés para el contexto sanitario y educativo ya que un correcto desarrollo de ambos constructos resulta de especial interés para orientarse hacia la adherencia de estilos de vida saludables. Asimismo, se deben crear programas formativos adecuados a las necesidades y características que presenta la sociedad del siglo XXI.
Cambios en el estilo de vida y nutrición durante el confinamiento por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) en México: un estudio observacional
Authors: Villaseñor Lopez Karen , Jimenez Garduño Aura Matilde , Ortega Regules Ana Eugenia , Islas Romero Laura Marissa , Gonzalez Martinez Oscar Antonio , Silva Pereira Taísa Sabrina
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Evaluar el consumo de alimentos no saludables y prácticas de estilo de vida en mexicanos durante el confinamiento por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado durante parte del confinamiento en México. La recolección de datos fue realizada a través de una encuesta digital. Fueron evaluados aspectos de alimentación, bienestar y estilo de vida (consumo de alcohol y tabaco, actividad física y sueño), además de variables sociodemográficas. Para los análisis estadísticos fueron utilizadas la prueba χ2 para comparar diferencias entre género, con significancia estadística del 5%, utilizando el software SPSS 23.0.Resultados: Fueron analizadas 1084 encuestas. La edad promedio fue de 35,5±13,9 años y el 66,5% (n=721) fueron mujeres. En relación a la alimentación antes del confinamiento, 69,8% (n=757) consideraban su alimentación saludable, 6,5% (n=99) muy saludable y 23,7% (n=228) poco saludable, y el 2,3% (n=26) ha mejorado su alimentación, a pesar de esto el 17,1% (n=186) de las personas dice que en estos días come todo el tiempo. En relación al sueño, las mujeres duermen menos durante el periodo del confinamiento (p=0,002) y despiertan más durante la noche cuando se compara con los hombres (p<0,001).Conclusiones: Factores como la alimentación y el sueño presentaron alteraciones en ese período del confinamiento. Es importante destacar la relevancia de esos factores pues una buena alimentación y el descanso contribuyen para un mejor/fortalecimiento del sistema inmunológico.
Adverse Effect of Emotional Eating Developed During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthy Nutrition, a Vicious Circle: A cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Ateş Özcan Burcu , Yeşİlkaya Burcu
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Because of the new type of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) seen worldwide, many countries have a difficult time both in terms of health and economy. It is thought that infection and fear of death owing to the disease may cause a disturbance in the individuals’ psychology. Moreover, precautions such as social distancing and quarantine to prevent the spread of the disease and the prolongation of these interventions may further aggravate the conditions, such as mood disorders and stress. This study was aimed to determine the emotional eating status of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine its effect on a healthy eating attitude.Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a total number of 578 adults without COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment (422 [73%] women, 156 [27%] men). The study was conducted using the Google Forms web survey platform. The link to the survey was shared via WhatsApp and Instagram. The participants were asked to share the study link to reach out to as many potential participants as possible throughout the nation using the method known as snowball sampling. A questionnaire form which includes sociodemographic characteristics, the Turkish version of the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ-TR), and the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN) were applied to the participants. EEQ-TR and ASHN forms were answered twice, retrospectively for the pre-COVID period and prospectively during the COVID period.Results: While average emotional eating scores increased compared to pre-COVID-19 scores, individuals shifted from low-level emotional eaters to emotional eaters (p < 0.000). On the other hand, the average ASHN scores decreased, and individuals shifted from the middle-level healthy eating attitude to a low level (p < 0.000). As the quarantine period increased, emotional eating, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) increased, and healthy eating attitude decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Individuals’ emotional eating increased due to social distancing, self-quarantine, or isolation in the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes are found to be effective in healthy eating in a negative way. Long-term unhealthy eating is not recommended for people’s health. Therefore, it is necessary to inform individuals about stress management, healthy nutrition, the importance of regular exercise, and sleep patterns.
Cross-cultural measurement invariance in the Satisfaction with Life Scale in Chilean and Spanish university students
Authors:   Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile, Schnettler Berta ,   Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile, Miranda-Zapata Edgardo ,   LICSA, Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile, Sánchez Mercedes ,   Departamento de Gestión de Empresas, Universidad Pública de Navarra, España, Orellana Ligia ,   Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile, Lobos Germán ,   Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad de Talca, Chile, Adasme-Berríos Cristian ,   Departamento de Economía y Administración, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile, Sepúlveda José ,   Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile, Hueche Clementina ,   Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used measure of an individuals’ cognitive assessment of subjective well-being. The SWLS has been validated in several contexts and populations, but its cross-cultural measurement invariance in emerging adult samples remains barely explored. Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement invariance of the SWLS in university students from Chile and Spain and according to gender. Method. A non-probabilistic sample of 165 university students from Chile (66.7% women, M age = 21.9, SD = 2.35), and 109 students from Spain (48.6% women; M age = 22.9, SD = 2.4) completed the SWLS. Results. Using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, results showed that the SWLS exhibited configural, metric and scalar invariance in the comparison between the Chilean and Spanish student samples and also according to gender. Conclusions. This finding allows for significant latent mean comparisons between cross-cultural samples. Moreover, this study supports the SWLS as a valid instrument which provides data that can inform policies in order to improve the subjective well-being of university students of both genders, both in developed and developing Spanish-speaking countries.
Metode Elektrokoagulasi Sistem Fe(S)| Cd(II)(aq), NaCl(aq) || H2O(l)|C untuk Pengambilan Kadmium(II)
Authors: Nurdiantika Nabila , Suyati Linda , Gunawan Gunawan
Published: October 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai metode elektrokoagulasi sistem Fe | Cd(II), NaCl || H2O | C untuk pengambilan Cd(II).  Besi hidroksi hasil elektrolisis adalah agen koagulasi yang sangat baik.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini menentukan kondisi optimum dalam proses pengambilan Cd(II) membandingkan elektrokoagulasi dengan koagulasi,  mengetahui morfologi permukaan elektroda besi sebelum dan sesudah elektrokoagulasi, serta  menentukan kinetika elektrokoagulasi pengambilan Cd(II). Beberapa kondisi proses elektrokoagulasi yang divariasikan meliputi pengaruh rapat arus, konsentrasi awal Cd(II), pH larutan, dan  waktu proses elektrokoagulasi. Analisis konsentrasi Cd(II) setelah proses elektrokoagulasi menggunakan instrumen Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA) dan karakterisasi permukaan eletroda besi dengan SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengambilan Cd(II) dicapai pada rapat arus 36 µA/cm2, konsentrasi awal  Cd(II) 9 mg/L, pH larutan 7, dan waktu proses elektrokoagulasi selama 120 menit dengan hasil yang dicapai sebesar 99,5%. Pengambilan Cd(II) lebih efektif dengan metode elektrokoagulasi dibandingkan dengan metode koagulasi. Morfologi permukaan besi yang semula tampak halus setelah proses elektrokoagualasi menjadi kasar akibat adanya sebagian besi di permukaan elektroda yang larut dalam produksi besi hidroksida. Kinetika elektrokoagulasi pengambilan Cd(II) mengikuti reaksi pseudo orde dua, dengan k = 17,80 x 10-2 g.mg-1menit-1.Kata Kunci: Elektrokoagulasi, Pengambilan Cd(II), Fe(OH)3.
‘Invisible’ spatial meaning: a text-based study of covert Path encoding in Ancient Greek
Authors: De Pasquale Noemi
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to explore the main constructions showing a covert encoding of Path of motion in Classical Greek (5th–4th century BC). Based on a corpus study of five texts belonging to different literary genres, it applies the theoretical frameworks and conceptual tools of contemporary linguistic approaches, such as the semantic typology of motion events and Construction Grammar, to the data from an ancient language, in order to address the non-compositional expression of Path. The results of the analysis reveal that, in addition to the overt morphosyntactic encoding of Path information, Ancient Greek resorts to more implicit patterns, in which coercion, meaning extension and inference play a crucial role. Furthermore, as opposed to traditional views on motion expression, this study shows that the encoding of spatial meaning is rarely committed to a single lexical or morphological tool within the clause, but rather it distributes across different linguistic units and results from their interaction with one another.
A metalinguistic analysis of the terminology of evidential categories: experiential, conjecture or deduced?
Authors: Keinänen Satu
Published: October 2021

While evidential categories have similar meanings and uses cross-linguistically, the names given to the categories tend to vary. This article surveys the terms for evidentials used in descriptive grammars of 51 languages that have at least three evidential categories. Comparing terms to find common terminological tendencies can provide useful insights into the descriptions of categories. There is great deal of term synonymy and term polysemy, but each evidential category has its typical terms that are semantically motivated. The term synonymy is the result of emphasizing different semantic aspects of the evidential categories, which leads to variable term choices. There is terminological overlap between categories involving sensory perception (i.e. visual, direct, and nonvisual sensory evidentials), inference, and second-hand information, which suggests that they may not always be considered sufficiently conceptually distinct to merit unique terms, especially when the terms for inferential and assumptive evidentials are frequently created from the same words. The variation of the terminology is also connected to how the understanding of evidentiality and relationship to other adjacent categories has developed.
Kontrafaktische Intertextualität im Koran und die exegetische Tradition des syrischen Christentums
Authors: Ghaffar Zishan
Published: October 2021

In der modernen Koranforschung wurde wiederholt auf die Bedeutung des Erbes der syrischen Sprache und des syrischen Christentums für ein tieferes Verständnis des Korans verwiesen. Die vorliegende Studie versucht zu zeigen, wie sich das Verhältnis der koranischen Verkündigung zu diesem Erbe auf intertextueller Ebene systematisieren lässt. Dazu wird die hier besprochene Form der koranischen Intertextualität als kontrafaktisch beschrieben. Anhand der Ankündigungs- und Geburtsgeschichten von Jesus und Johannes dem Täufer im Koran wird diese Form der kontrafaktischen Intertextualität im Koran exemplifiziert. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, dass die koranische Theologie ganz bestimmte christologische und soteriologische Konzepte aus der Tradition des syrischen Christentums adressiert.
Whence Come Qurʾān Manuscripts? Determining the Regional Provenance of Early Qurʾānic Codices
Authors: Vahidnia Ala
Published: October 2021

In studies of early Qurʾānic manuscripts, determining the provenance of these manuscripts is a thorny issue because in most cases they lack endowment notes or colophons. The reports in early Islamic sources regarding textual variants of regional codices (maṣāḥif al-amṣār) may contribute to find a solution to this problem. A list of regional variants, mostly based on al-Dānī’s al-Muqniʿ, can be found in Nöldeke et al.’s The History of the Quran. However, as the authors have stated, a comparison of some of the early Qurʾānic manuscripts in the Topkapı Sarayı Museum with this table of maṣāḥif al-amṣār variants indicates that the traditional reports are unreliable for identifying the provenance of Qurʾānic manuscripts because none of these codices can be attributed to any particular region. The present article is an attempt to demonstrate that this problem results from relying solely on the data provided by al-Dānī and ignoring earlier and more significant sources, such as al-Sijistānī’s Kitāb al-Maṣāḥif. It attempts to provide a new and more precise classification of regional variants by reading afresh the reports on the features of maṣāḥif al-amṣār, taking into account the sources which were not used by Nöldeke et al., especially al-Sijistānī’s Kitāb al-Maṣāḥif, thus making the list of maṣāḥif al-amṣār variants more accurate, thereby the variants of each of these early Qurʾānic Codices tally more with the reports preserved for the characteristics of one of the maṣāḥif al-amṣār in literary sources. As the texts of the surviving manuscripts are not of a diverse nature we are able, with some certainty, to draw conclusions that substantiate the reports as to the peculiarities of the muṣḥafs of different cities.
The Prophet Shaving: Persians and the Origin of the Malay Hikayat Nabi Bercukur
Authors: Daneshgar Majid
Published: October 2021

This article is about a well-known anonymous folk story in the Malay-Indonesian world, called Hikayat Nabi Bercukur (“The Story of Prophet Shaving”), found in various different languages across the region. The only scholarly conjecture about its origin is based on the copy of a Malay manuscript held in Leiden which has been deliberately blackened and struck through by a reader who stated in the margin that the story is written by a Rāfiḍī and should not be believed. Although earlier scholars mentioned the title or the synopsis of this story in their works and bibliographical catalogues, the question “what is the origin of this story?” remained unanswered. In order to follow up on previous studies and to find an answer, this essay examines numerous original manuscripts and texts in various languages and provides a comparison between the Malay versions and their prototype. Also, to the best of my knowledge, the first edition and English translation of the prototype are presented.
The Textual Evolution of the Ottoman Şeyhülislams’ Fetvas: A Cross-Corpora Computational Analysis
Authors: Ergene Boğaç , Kaygun Atabey
Published: October 2021

In this article, we use a mix of computational techniques to identify textual shifts in the Ottoman şeyhülislams’ fetvas between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries. Our analysis, supplemented by a close reading of these texts, indicates that the fetvas underwent multiple forms of transformation, a consequence of the institutional evolution of the şeyhülislam’s fetva office (fetvahane) that aimed to speed up and streamline the production of the fetvas: over time, the texts appropriated a more uniform character and came to contain shorter responses. In the compositions of the questions, we identified many “trigger terms” that facilitated reflexive responses independent of the fetvas’ jurisprudential contexts, a tendency that became stronger after the second half of the seventeenth century. In addition, we propose in the article a methodology that measures the relative strengths of textual and conceptual links among the fetva corpora of various Ottoman şeyhülislams. This analysis informs us about possible paths of long-term evolution of this genre of jurisprudential documents.
Language choice in churches in indigenous Gã towns: a multilingual balancing act
Authors: Campbell Akua Asantewaa , Anderson Jemima Asabea
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the determinant factors motivating language choice in churches in coastal Accra, an area characterized by a high degree of urbanization and multilingualism. As this region is also ethnically Gã, we survey the attitudes of Gã congregants to the use of other languages in their churches, bearing in mind the pressure faced by Gã from the more dominant vehicular languages, Akan and English. Data was obtained via participant observation, questionnaires and interviews. Using domain analysis, we show that language choice in the church domain is guided by the diametric principles of inclusiveness and church expansion on the one hand, and the conservation of a homogeneous socio-cultural identity on the other. Multilingual churches espouse the former while monolingual churches prize the latter. Gã congregants in churches that make extensive use of Akan and English report feeling satisfied with the language choices in their churches as they see these lingua francas as necessary for reaching out to the wider community. Although in other spheres of life there is irritation among Gã natives about the diminishing role of their language, in the church domain, this is readily tolerated for the greater good of advancing the church’s work.
Interfering elements on determination of hexavalent chromium in paper materials with UV-vis spectrophotometry
Authors: Lee Tai Ju , Kim Hyoung Jin
Published: October 2021

Regulation of hexavalent chromium is based on Waste Framework Directive 1994/62/EC, European Commission and publication of the World Health Organization. Herein, detection of hexavalent chromium was performed by alkaline digestion and instrumental analysis which was demonstrated in USEPA methods. However, UV-vis detection method could be affected by some metal ions reacted with diphenylcarbizide. Actually, various interfering elements, such as Ni, Fe, Al, and Cu, were detected and selected by ED-XRF in paper materials. In order to improve accuracy of analysis results of hexavalent chromium in paper materials based on USEPA methods, the interfering elements was removed by liquid–liquid extraction with carbonate media using tricaprylmethylammonium chloride and chloroform after alkaline digestion. Consequently, the temperature for alkaline digestion was between 85 and 95 °C. Hydrochloric acid was proper complex tricaprylmethylammonium-Cr(VI) in the procedure of liquid extraction. After that hexavalent chromium was completely extracted using of 1 M sodium hydroxide solution. The technique for analyzing the hexavalent chromium used in liquid–liquid extraction significantly reduced the errors caused by the interfering elements, Fe and Cu. Thus, application of the extraction method was efficient in removing the interfering elements, which increased the recovery ratio of the hexavalent chromium from paper materials by 90 %.
To Harm and Heal: Digital Disclosure and Support-Seeking for IPV Victims
Authors: Eckstein Jessica J.
Published: October 2021

Technology is used both to harm and assist people in romantic relationships. For intimate partner violence (IPV) victims, online forums, social media, and digital resources are used to cope with and/or seek support. What remains unknown is the extent to which in-person and digital abuse experiences affect victims’ subsequent preferences for and likelihood of using such channels to reveal and get help for their IPV. This study explored how abuse types and victims’ personal and relational characteristics affected preferences for and reported use of technology-mediated-disclosure and -support-seeking. Quantitative self-reports of IPV victims (N = 495; 157 men and 338 women) indicated sought target and media type (in-person or online, sex-specific or co-ed groups, open or closed digital platforms, professional- or lay-managed resources) each varied according to multiple personal (age, sex) and IPV-specific (physical, psychological, and digital abuse) factors; technological experiences; and disclosure and support-seeking practices and preferences of victims. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for digital wellness policies and practices.
Sonic Becomings: Rhythmic Encounters in Interspecies Improvisation
Authors: Collenberg Louisa
Published: October 2021

David Rothenberg, a philosophy professor and Jazz musician, has been improvising with nonhuman animals for years, among his playing partners are birds and whales, known to be territorial animals. As Deleuze and Guattari propose that the origin of art is precisely the territorialising animal and more a function of nature than a specifically human cultural achievement, their concept of territory and rhythm offers a non-anthropocentric way of looking at these encounters. Rothenberg’s sonic experiments in resonance and interspecies interaction do not rely on language, thus I argue that the human and the nonhuman animals form a temporary joint territory via sonic rhythms and engage in a mutual becoming by forming a rhizome. His sound thinking practice thus also helps in decentralising further anthropocentric models of music and art.
The effect of fibre surface treatment and coupling agents to improve the performance of natural fibres in PLA composites
Authors: Mohd Ghazali Aruan Efendy , Pickering Kim L.
Published: October 2021

This paper describes work carried out to assess the effect of fibre treatments and coupling agent on the mechanical performance of PLA composites reinforced with 20 wt% fibre. The chemically-treated harakeke and hemp fibres used to produce fibre mats. Maleic anhydride (MA) grafted PLA (MA-g-PLA) was used as a coupling agent. Composites with fibre treated with silane and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and composites using MA-g-PLA were characterised by swelling testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the interfacial bonding for composites with fibres treated using silane and peroxide and composites coupled with MA-g-PLA noticeably improved supported by lower swelling indices, higher tensile strengths and lower tan δ compared to those composites with fibres treated using alkali only, with the highest tensile strength of about 11% higher obtained from composites treated with MA-g-PLA followed by silane and then peroxide. However, using silane, peroxide and MA-g-PLA as additional composite treatments increased significantly the composite failure strain by up 11, 19 and 30%, respectively for harakeke composites and by 13, 24 and 30%, respectively for hemp composites.
Exergy analysis of an atmospheric residue desulphurization hydrotreating process for a crude oil refinery
Authors: Jelihi Poland , Zondervan Edwin
Published: October 2021

The exhaustion of petroleum reserves and the declining supply of conventional feedstock have forced refineries to use heavier crude oil in their production. Removing the undesirable components containing sulphur and metals in the atmospheric residue (AR) fraction requires extensive catalytic hydrotreating (HT) atmospheric residue desulphurization (ARDS) process. In this work, we endeavour to collect and present a comprehensive dataset to develop and simulate the ARDS HT model. This model is then used for an exergetic analysis to evaluate the performance of the ARDS HT model regarding the exergy destruction, the location of losses and exergetic efficiency. The massive exergy destruction is caused by significant differences in chemical exergy of source and product streams during separations, fractionation and reactions. The exergy destruction in the equipment independent of chemical exergies such as heat exchangers, pumps and compressors is relatively low. This exergetic analysis revealed that the majority of the processing equipment in the ARDS HT process performed satisfactorily. However, the remaining equipment requires improvement for its performance in regards to exergetic efficiency or/and avoidable exergetic losses. To enhance the efficiency of the equipment that is intensive in terms of exergy and energy use, the use of clean and high purity renewable hydrogen and several process rectification is proposed.
An isothermal, non-enzymatic, and dual-amplified fluorescent sensor for highly sensitive DNA detection
Authors: Iwe Idorenyin , Li Zhigang
Published: October 2021

Sensitive DNA assays are of importance in life science and biomedical engineering, but they are heavily dependent on thermal cycling programs or enzyme-assisted schemes, which require the utilization of bulky devices and costly reagents. To circumvent such requirements, we developed an isothermal enzyme-free DNA sensing method with dual-stage signal amplification ability based on the coupling use of catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and Mg2+-dependent deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme). In this study, the sensing system involves a set of hairpin DNA probes for CHA (ensuring the first stage of signal amplification) as well as ribonucleobase-modified molecular beacons that serve as activatable substrates for DNAzymes (warranting the second stage of signal amplification). An experimentally determined detection limit of about 0.5 pM is achieved with a good linear range from 0.5 to 10 pM. The results from spiked fetal bovine serum samples further confirm the reliability for practical applications. The non-thermal cycling, enzyme-free, and dual-amplified features make it a powerful sensing tool for effective nucleic acid assay in a variety of biomedical applications.
Maturation Stage Does Not Affect Change of Direction Asymmetries in Young Soccer Players
Authors: Asimakidis Nikolaos D. , Dalamitros Athanasios A. , Ribeiro João , Lola Afroditi C. , Manou Vasiliki
Published: October 2021

Asimakidis, ND, Dalamitros, AA, Ribeiro, J, Lola, AC, and Manou, V. Μaturation stage does not affect change of direction asymmetries in young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3440–3445, 2022—This study examined whether the stage of biological maturation can affect interlimb asymmetries during a change of direction (COD) test. Seventy-six young soccer players were divided into 2 different groups according to their peak height velocity stage (PHV): pre-PHV (n = 45, age = 11.8 ± 1.2 years, height = 149.8 ± 9.3 cm, body mass = 43.9 ± 11.2 kg) and post-PHV (n = 31, age = 14.4 ± 0.9 years, height = 170.0 ± 4.9 cm, body mass = 61.5 ± 8.9 kg). Subjects performed a 505 test to measure the completion time in both directions and a 20-m maximum sprint test. Change of direction deficit (CODD) was used as a measure for isolating COD ability. An independent sample t-test detected no significant differences between the asymmetry index values for the 505 test completion time when the pre-PHV group and the post-PHV group were compared (−3.49 ± 2.49% vs. −3.45 ± 2.47%, effect size [ES] = 0.02, p = 0.923). Similarly, the CODD asymmetry index indicated no differences between the 2 groups (−8.21 ± 5.95% vs. −7.37 ± 5.12%, ES = 0.15, p = 0.457). A paired sample t-test revealed that the values of the CODD asymmetry index were larger than those of the 505 asymmetry index (−7.88 ± 5.61% vs. −3.49 ± 2.46%, ES = 1.09, p < 0.001). According to these results, maturational status has no influence on the interlimb asymmetries of COD ability. Furthermore, subjects showed greater asymmetry values in CODD compared with the 505 test completion time, reinforcing that the evaluation of COD asymmetries should be based on CODD. As interlimb asymmetries are not altered during the maturation process, practitioners should address abnormal COD asymmetries early on during athletes' development processes.
Effects of Exercise Training on Resting Testosterone Concentrations in Insufficiently Active Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Potter Nolan J. , Tomkinson Grant R. , Dufner Trevor J. , Walch Tanis J. , Roemmich James N. , Wilson Patrick B. , Fitzgerald John S.
Published: October 2021

Potter, NJ, Tomkinson, GR, Dufner, TJ, Walch, TJ, Roemmich, JN, Wilson, PB, and Fitzgerald, JS. Effects of exercise training on resting testosterone concentrations in insufficiently active men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3521–3528, 2021—The anabolic hormone testosterone plays a pivotal role in the healthy aging of men and tends to decline with age. The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were 2-fold: (a) to evaluate the effect of exercise training on resting total testosterone concentration in insufficiently active, apparently healthy men and (b) to determine whether the effects of exercise training differed by training mode, age, body mass status, or testosterone measure. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched (up to and including October 22, 2020) for peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the following criteria: population (insufficiently active, apparently healthy men aged ≥18 years), intervention (exercise training [any modality at intensity of ≥4 metabolic equivalents] lasting a minimum of 4 weeks), control (insufficiently active men), and outcome (resting total testosterone concentration). Intervention effects, weighted by the inverse of the pooled variance, were calculated relative to the control group as standardized mean differences (SMDs). Eleven RCTs, representing 421 insufficiently active, apparently healthy men aged 19–75 years across 16 intervention groups who participated in aerobic, resistance, or combined training lasting a median of 12 weeks, were included in the analysis. Overall, exercise training had a negligible effect on resting total testosterone concentration (mean SMD [95% CI]: 0.00 [–0.20 to 0.20]). Subgroup analyses indicated that the effect of exercise training was not significantly affected by training mode, age, body mass status, or testosterone measure. Exercise training does not seem to affect resting total or free testosterone concentration in insufficiently active, eugonadal men.
Commensal microbiota divergently affect myeloid subsets in the mammalian central nervous system during homeostasis and disease
Authors: Sankowski Roman , Ahmari Jasmin , Mezö Charlotte , Hrabě de Angelis Anna Lena , Fuchs Vidmante , Utermöhlen Olaf , Buch Thorsten , Blank Thomas , Gomez de Agüero Mercedes , Macpherson Andrew J , Erny Daniel
Published: October 2021

The immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) comprise parenchymal microglia and at the CNS border regions meningeal, perivascular, and choroid plexus macrophages (collectively called CNS‐associated macrophages, CAMs). While previous work has shown that microglial properties depend on environmental signals from the commensal microbiota, the effects of microbiota on CAMs are unknown. By combining several microbiota manipulation approaches, genetic mouse models, and single‐cell RNA‐sequencing, we have characterized CNS myeloid cell composition and function. Under steady‐state conditions, the transcriptional profiles and numbers of choroid plexus macrophages were found to be tightly regulated by complex microbiota. In contrast, perivascular and meningeal macrophages were affected to a lesser extent. An acute perturbation through viral infection evoked an attenuated immune response of all CAMs in germ‐free mice. We further assessed CAMs in a more chronic pathological state in 5xFAD mice, a model for Alzheimer’s disease, and found enhanced amyloid beta uptake exclusively by perivascular macrophages in germ‐free 5xFAD mice. Our results aid the understanding of distinct microbiota–CNS macrophage interactions during homeostasis and disease, which could potentially be targeted therapeutically.