bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating causes and risk factors of pre-chemotherapy viremia in acute lymphoblastic leukemia pediatric patients
Authors: Abdel-azim Nivin , Alkilany Lamiaa Fadel , Hassan Zeinab Korany , Gaber Noha
Published: July 2022

Background

Leukemia patients are immune-compromised even before starting chemotherapy because the malignant cells invade the bone marrow and destroy WBC precursors. Leukemic patients are more susceptible to infection by a wide range of microorganisms. Viral infections and reactivations are common and may result in severe complications. The aim of this study is to investigate different causes of viremia in ALL pediatric patients as well as the clinical and the laboratory characteristics associated with viral infections.

Methods

Qualitative real-time PCR was used to detect (polyoma BK, parvo B19 and herpes simplex virus) DNA in the blood of ALL patients and routine hospital records were used to provide the data of hepatitis B & C virus infection.

Results

Polyoma BK was the most common detected virus (51.2%) followed by herpes simplex (30.2%). Viremia by single virus was found in 16 (37.2%) cases, while viremia by multiple viruses was found in 15 (34.8%) cases. The most frequent co-detected viruses were herpes simplex and polyoma BK (11.6%) followed by herpes simplex, parvo B19 and polyoma BK (9.3%).

Conclusion

There is a high frequency of viremia by single virus and viremia by multiple viruses at the time of diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pediatric patients admitted to South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI) compared to studies in other regions. Polyoma BK is the most common detected virus and is mainly associated with lymphopenia. It was also significantly associated with herpes simplex viremia. HCV infection was associated with increased incidence of CNS leukemia.
Polytope volume in Normaliz
Authors: Bruns Winfried
Published: July 2022

We survey the computation of polytope volumes by the algorithms of Normaliz to which the Lawrence algorithm has recently been added. It has enabled us to master volume computations for polytopes from social choice in dimension 119. This challenge required a sophisticated implementation of the Lawrence algorithm.
Scorched Earth: Discourses of Multiplanetarity, Climate Change, and Martian Terraforming in Finch and Once Upon a Time I Lived on Mars.
Authors: Temmen Jens
Published: July 2022

This contribution discusses the current surge of Mars colonization narratives both in science and culture, and the ways these narratives are received and circulated in current ecocritical debates on a multiplanetary future of humanity. This analysis in this contribution takes its cue from the representation of the California wildfires of 2020 as an anthropogenic spectacle that is foreboding of a post-apocalyptic future in which Earth becomes Mars-like, and discusses how this discourse is reproduced in the Hollywood movieFinchand Kate Greene’s popular science memoirOnce Upon A Time I Lived on Mars. As texts of quasi-science communication, they produce a contact zone between Earth/Mars which serves to legitimize technoliberal fantasies of terraforming Mars into Earth as a solution to climate change. With all paths to all possible futures of human habitation – utopian or dystopian – allegedly leading right through the Red Planet, there is an urgency to critically engage with the idea of planetarity being overwritten by a discourse of multiplanetarity that veils the continuity of extractivist capitalism/colonialism in a narrative of futurity and progress.
Materials and Places for Learning: Experiences of Doctoral Students in and around University Spaces
Authors: Carvalho Lucila , Freeman Cristina Garduño
Published: July 2022

People are more likely to thrive when they feel connected, when they feel they belong to a group, to a place, or when they feel part of a community. Places can play a powerful role in shaping one’s attachment to others and to institutions as part of the development of one’s identity. People’s experiences of places are linked to their sensorial impressions of material and digital elements, and to their perceptions of how multiple elements interconnect and impact lived experiences or imagined futures. This research investigates doctoral students’ experiences of places for learning in and around a university in New Zealand. The analysis combines individual interviews and digital multimodal artefacts created by participants who were studying on campus or studying at distance and remotely located. By acknowledging the diversity of university spaces where learning activity may unfold — in classrooms, at libraries, in the canteen, in the corridors, via online learning management systems, social media and messaging, or in the many in-between spaces such as buses, cafes, or working from home — this paper discusses the connections between people, places, material, and digital artefacts, with a focus on the materiality of learning in and around university spaces. Using socio-material conceptual lenses, the article reveals how students navigate the postdigital university through the spaces they inhabit and the places they value, and how their attachment to materials, feelings of inclusion, and learning purpose interconnect to support their (emerging) professional identity.
Oral antiviral treatments for COVID-19: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Rahmah Laila , Abarikwu Sunny O. , Arero Amanuel Godana , Essouma Mickael , Jibril Aliyu Tijani , Fal Andrzej , Flisiak Robert , Makuku Rangarirai , Marquez Leander , Mohamed Kawthar , Ndow Lamin , Zarębska-Michaluk Dorota , Rezaei Nima , Rzymski Piotr
Published: July 2022

The use of antiviral COVID-19 medications can successfully inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and prevent disease progression to a more severe form. However, the timing of antiviral treatment plays a crucial role in this regard. Oral antiviral drugs provide an opportunity to manage SARS-CoV-2 infection without a need for hospital admission, easing the general burden that COVID-19 can have on the healthcare system. This review paper (i) presents the potential pharmaceutical antiviral targets, including various host-based targets and viral-based targets, (ii) characterizes the first-generation anti-SARS-CoV-2 oral drugs (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir), (iii) summarizes the clinical progress of other oral antivirals for use in COVID-19, (iv) discusses ethical issues in such clinical trials and (v) presents challenges associated with the use of oral antivirals in clinical practice. Oral COVID-19 antivirals represent a part of the strategy to adapt to long-term co-existence with SARS-CoV-2 in a manner that prevents healthcare from being overwhelmed. It is pivotal to ensure equal and fair global access to the currently available oral antivirals and those authorized in the future.
Chemical looping reforming: process fundamentals and oxygen carriers
Authors: Zheng Hao , Jiang Xiaofeng , Gao Yanxiu , Tong Andrew , Zeng Liang
Published: July 2022

Chemical looping reforming (CLR) provides a viable process intensification approach for clean and efficient syngas production from carbonaceous fuel with inherent gas–gas separation. The rational design of metal oxide-based oxygen carriers and the scale-up of associated CLR reactor systems play important roles in CLR process development. This review first introduces the concept and advantages of CLR as well as its historical development. The process fundamentals, including basic schemes, reaction stoichiometry, thermodynamics, kinetics and reactor system design, are reviewed. The integral approach for CLR process development is illustrated, showing that the design and compatibility of oxygen carriers and reactor systems are critical for CLR performance. The reaction principle during the reduction of oxygen carriers is discussed, followed by strategies for improving the redox reactivity and stability. We further review and discuss the latest exciting advances on this subject with the purpose of illustrating factors that govern fundamental mechanisms in the redox reaction chemistry of oxygen carriers and their design principles for sustained chemical looping reactor applications. It is expected that these new advances will inspire more effective oxygen carriers and efficient reactor systems for the development and deployment of various CLR processes.
Regulated deficit irrigation: an effective way to solve the shortage of agricultural water for horticulture
Authors: Yang Bohan , Fu Peining , Lu Jiang , Ma Fengwang , Sun Xiangyu , Fang Yulin
Published: July 2022

The deficient agricultural water caused by water shortage is a crucial limiting factor of horticultural production. Among many agricultural water-saving technologies, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) has been proven to be one of the effective technologies to improve water use efficiency and reduce water waste on the premise of maintaining the quality of agricultural products. RDI was first reported more than 40 years ago, although it has been applied in some areas, little is known about understanding of the implementation method, scope of application and detailed mechanism of RDI, resulting in the failure to achieve the effect that RDI should have. This review refers to the research on RDI in different crops published in recent years, summarizes the definition, equipment condition, function, theory illumination, plant response and application in different crops of RDI, and looks forward to its prospect. We expect that this review will provide valuable guidance for researchers and producers concerned, and support the promotion of RDI in more horticultural crops.
Computational co-design of fibrous architecture
Authors: Menges Achim , Kannenberg Fabian , Zechmeister Christoph
Published: July 2022

Fibrous architecture constitutes an alternative approach to conventional building systems and established construction methods. It shows the potential to converge architectural concerns such as spatial expression and structural elegance, with urgently required resource effectiveness and material efficiency, in a genuinely computational approach. Fundamental characteristics of fibre composite are shared with fibre structures in the natural world, enabling the transfer of design principles and providing a vast repertoire of inspiration. Robotic fabrication based on coreless filament winding, a technique to deposit resin impregnated fibre filaments with only minimal formwork, as well as integrative computational design methods are imperative to the development of complex fibrous building systems. Two projects, the BUGA Fibre Pavilion as an example for long-span structures, and Maison Fibre as an example of multi-storey architecture, showcase the application of those techniques in an architectural context and highlight areas of further research opportunities. The highly interrelated aesthetic, structural and fabrication characteristics of fibre nets are difficult to understand and go beyond a designer’s comprehension and intuition. An AI powered, self-learning agent system aims to extend and thoroughly explore the design space of fibre structures to unlock the full design potential coreless filament winding offers. In order to ensure feedback between all relevant design and performance criteria and enable interdisciplinary convergence, these novel design methods are embedded in a larger co-design framework. It formalizes the interaction of involved interdisciplinary domains and allows for interactive collaboration based on a central data model, serving as a base for design optimisation and exploration. To further advance research on fibre composites in architecture, bio-based materials are considered, continuing the journey of discovery of fibrous architecture to fundamentally rethinking design and construction towards a novel, computational material culture in architecture.
“New Private Law Theory” as a Mosaic: What Can Hold (Most of) It Together?
Authors: Dagan Hanoch
Published: July 2022

Stefan Grundmann, Hans Micklitz, and Moritz Renner’s New Private Law Theory: A Pluralist Approach is a wide-ranging, ambitious, and fascinating project. In this article I offer one way to read the NPLT as a mosaic, rather than a patchwork, by first taking seriously the idea of legal theory as the core of NPLT’s methodological commitments, and second taking seriously its subject matter of private law as the source of its substantive underpinnings.

Legal theory, I argue (much in line with GMR’s rich text), is distinctive from other discourses about law given its acute awareness to law’s normative filter, which furthermore implies a synthetic commitment that these other discourses do not share. But legal theory should also, I claim, be attentive to the constitutive role law plays in constructing the building-blocks of many of our interpersonal interactions, and it should thus be particularly cautious from relying on philosophical or social scientific inquiries that take contingent configurations of property or of contract as a given. This lesson, in turn, is crucial for contemporary discussions of private law obligations that go beyond the libertarian duty of non-interference. Rather than reifying the libertarian conceptions of property and contract and resorting to exogenous justifications for our interpersonal obligations of non-discrimination and accommodation, private law theory can—and indeed should—rely on happier conceptions of these core legal institutions, which vindicate the freestanding significance of these obligations and thus also validate their transnational applicability.
About the Methods of Studying Private Law: An Italian Perspective
Authors: Alpa Guido
Published: July 2022

Taking as a starting point the book by Grundmann, Micklitz and Renner, New Private Law Theory, the author briefly examines the methods practised today in the most important legal systems for studying private law. There is no unanimous consensus on the definition of “private law”, nor on its functions. The formalistic method prevails, using terms, concepts, dogmas stratified over time, with an apparently technical content. In reality, as the three authors demonstrate, and as has been preached in Italy for more than half a century, law is a social science and its function can only be fully understood by combining the formalistic method with economic, sociological and political analysis and considering its historical development.
A Private Law Theory for Sustainable Legal Education?
Authors: Leone Candida
Published: July 2022

New Private Law Theory (“NPLT”) offers itself as almost a natural fit for legal education and in particular—I argue—legal education in the climate crisis. Yet, the world climate hardly features in the book and its impressive resource list. Without claiming to fill any existing gaps in the book, the Article seeks to articulate NPLT’s relevance to sustainable legal education and at the same time tease out what facing the, social, fact of the climate crisis would add to NPLT’s already rich framework.
Private Law Theory and the “Global Legal Community”
Authors: Michaels Ralf
Published: July 2022

The suggestion that the new private law theory would have to stand the test of acceptance by the global legal community raises a question. Who is that “global legal community?” And does it go beyond Europe? Close reading demonstrates that the non-European world is present and hidden at the same time. It is present because much of the material presented, many of the theories discussed, have transnational materials. However, the non-European world is hidden at the same time because it remains unaddressed, marginalized, and ignored. Including the Global South would make necessary a more radical pluralization of private law theory. This opens up the possibility of new, very different idea of a global legal community that is more improbable but also more attractive.
Direct numerical simulation of supersonic and hypersonic turbulent boundary layers at moderate-high Reynolds numbers and isothermal wall condition
Authors: Cogo Michele , Salvadore Francesco , Picano Francesco , Bernardini Matteo
Published: July 2022

We study the structure of high-speed zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers up to friction Reynolds number

$Re_{\tau } \approx 2000$

using direct numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations. Both supersonic and hypersonic conditions with nominal free-stream Mach numbers

$M_{\infty }=2$

,

$M_{\infty }=5.86$

and heat transfer at the wall are considered. The present simulations extend the database currently available for wall-bounded flows, enabling us to explore high-Reynolds-number effects even in the hypersonic regime. We first analyse the instantaneous fields to characterize the structure of both velocity and temperature fluctuations. In all cases elongated strips of uniform velocity and temperature (superstructures) are observed in the outer portion of the boundary layer, characterized by a clear association between low-/high-speed momentum and high/low temperature streaks. The results highlight important deviations from the typical organization observed in the inner region of adiabatic boundary layers, revealing that the near-wall temperature streaks disappear in strongly non-adiabatic flow cases. We also focus on the structural properties of regions of uniform streamwise momentum (De Silva, Hutchins & Marusic, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 786, 2016, pp. 309–331) observed in turbulent boundary layers, confirming the presence of such zones in the high-speed regime at high Reynolds number and revealing the existence of similar regions for the temperature field. The accuracy of different compressibility transformations and temperature–velocity relations is assessed extending their range of validation to moderate/high Reynolds numbers. Spanwise spectral densities of the velocity and temperature fluctuations at various wall distances have been calculated revealing the energy content and the size of the turbulent eddies across the boundary layer. Finally, we propose a revised scaling for the characteristic length scales, that is based on the local mean shear computed according to the recent theory by Griffin, Fu & Moin [Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 118 (34)].
The first canid from the Gray Fossil Site in Tennessee: new perspective on the distribution and ecology ofBorophagus
Authors: Bōgner Emily , Samuels Joshua X.
Published: July 2022

Borophagusis the terminal genus of the highly diverse and successful subfamily, Borophaginae. Skeletal remains of this bone-crushing canid are most commonly found in transitional or grassland environments across North America between Late Miocene–Middle Pleistocene, but are rare or absent in forested habitats. Here, we describe a humerus from the Gray Fossil Site of Tennessee, which is the first occurrence of this genus in a heavily forested ecosystem. The distinct limb proportions ofBorophagussuggest the genus may have been well suited for a closed habitat like the Gray Fossil Site, contrary to where a majority of their fossils have been previously found. This discovery documents the first pre-Pleistocene occurrence of a canid in the Appalachian region of the eastern United States.
α-Synuclein-induced deformation of small unilamellar vesicles
Authors: Makasewicz Katarzyna , Wennmalm Stefan , Linse Sara , Sparr Emma
Published: July 2022

α-Synuclein is a small neuronal protein that reversibly associates with lipid membranes. The membrane interactions are believed to be central to the healthy function of this protein involved in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release. α-Synuclein has been speculated to induce vesicle fusion as well as fission, processes which are analogous to each other but proceed in different directions and involve different driving forces. In the current work, we analyse α-synuclein-induced small unilamellar vesicle deformation from a thermodynamics point of view. We show that the structures interpreted in the literature as fusion intermediates are in fact a stable deformed state and neither fusion nor vesicle clustering occurs. We speculate on the driving force for the observed deformation and put forward a hypothesis that α-synuclein self-assembly on the lipid membrane precedes and induces membrane remodelling.
Relationships between the serum TPOAb and TGAb antibody distributions and water iodine concentrations, thyroid hormones and thyroid diseases: a cross-sectional study of 2503 adults in China
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Liu Lixiang , Jin Meihui , Ren Bingxuan , Meng Fangang , Wang Dandan , Li Jianshuang , Li Baoxiang , He Yanhong , Li Fan , Shen Hongmei
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the status of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) in three areas with differing water iodine concentrations; and to discuss the relationships between these two thyroid antibodies and thyroid diseases in the three areas. We investigated 2503 adults from three areas. Urinary iodine concentrations, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), TPOAb, TGAb and thyroid volume (TV) were measured, and thyroid ultrasonography was performed. The positivity rates of TGAb(+), TPOAb(+) and TGAb(+) and TPOAb(+) or TGAb(+) were significantly higher in iodine fortification (IF) areas than iodine adequate (IA) areas (all P < 0·05). In IF and iodine excess areas, the positivity rates of TPOAb(+), TGAb(+) and TPOAb(+) or TGAb(+) significantly increased with age (all P for trend < 0·05). The levels of TSH, TV and the prevalence of overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and goitre were significantly elevated in the thyroid antibody-positive groups in the three areas, but the FT3 was diminished (all P < 0·010). Positivity for TPOAb and TGAb was associated with an increased risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in the three areas. In areas with different median water iodine, positivity for both TPOAb and TGAb was associated with elevated TSH values. Notably, with the increased levels of TPOAb, the frequency of abnormally elevated TSH increased dramatically in the three areas.
Data-driven similar response units for agricultural technology targeting: An example from Ethiopia
Authors: Tamene Lulseged , Abera Wuletawu , Bendito Eduardo , Erkossa Teklu , Tariku Meklit , Sewnet Habtamu , Tibebe Degefie , Sied Jemal , Feyisa Gudina , Wondie Menale , Tesfaye Kindie
Published: July 2022

Ethiopia has heterogeneous topographic, climatic and socio-ecological systems. Recommendations of agricultural inputs and management practices based on coarse domains such as agro-ecological zones (AEZ) may not lead to accurate targeting, mainly due to large intra-zone variations. The lack of well-targeted recommendations may contribute to the underperformance of promising technologies. Therefore, there is a need to define units where similar environmental and biophysical features prevail, based on which specific recommendations can be made for similar response units (SRUs). We used unsupervised machine learning algorithms to identify areas of high similarity or homogeneous zones called ‘SRUs’ that can guide the targeting of agricultural technologies. SRUs are landscape entities defined by integrating relevant environmental covariates with the intention to identify areas of similar responses. Using environmental spatial data layers such as edaphic and ecological variables for delineation of the SRUs, we applied K- and X-means clustering techniques to generate various granular levels of zonation and define areas of high similarity. The results of the clustering were validated through expert consultation and by comparison with an existing operational AEZ map of Ethiopia. We also augmented validation of the heterogeneity of the SRUs by using field-based crop response to fertiliser application experimental data. The expert consultation highlighted that the SRUs can provide improved clustering of areas of high similarity for targeting interventions. Comparison with the AEZ map indicated that SRUs with the same number of AEZ units captured heterogeneity better with less within-cluster variability of the former. In addition, SRUs show lower within-cluster variability to optimal crop response to fertiliser application compared with AEZs with the same number of classes. This implies that the SRUs can be used for refined agricultural input and technology targeting. The work in this study also developed an operational framework that users can deploy to fetch data from the cloud and generate SRUs for their areas of interest.
A Literature Review on the Impact of Wildfires on Emergency Departments: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Skinner Richard , Luther Matt , Hertelendy Attila J. , Khorram-Manesh Amir , Sørensen Jarle , Goniewicz Krzysztof , Ranse Jamie
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Global climate change (global warming) has been identified as the primary factor responsible for the observed increase in frequency and severity of wildfires (also known as bushfires in some countries) throughout the majority of the world’s vegetated environments. This trend is predicted to continue, causing significant adverse health effects to nearby residential populations and placing a potential strain on local emergency departments (EDs).

Study Objective:

The aim of this literature review was to identify papers relating to wildfires and their impact on EDs, specifically patient presentation characteristics, resource utilization, and patient outcomes.

Method:

This integrative literature review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for data collection, and Whittemore and Knafl’s framework for data analysis. Data were collected from OvidSP, MEDLINE, DARE, CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Various Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords identified papers relevant to wildfires/bushfires and EDs.

Results:

Literature regarding the relationship between ED presentations and wildfire events, however, is primarily limited to studies from the United States and Australia and indicates particulate matter (PM) is principally linked to adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. Observable trends in the literature principally included a significant increase in respiratory presentations, primarily with a lag of one to two days from the initial event. Respiratory and cardiovascular studies that stratified results by age indicated individuals under five, over 65, or those with pre-existing conditions formed the majority of ED presentations.

Conclusion:

Key learnings from this review included the need for effective and targeted community advisory programs/procedures, prior to and during wildfire events, as well as pre-event planning, development, and robust resilience strategies for EDs.
Applying the Haddon Matrix to Frontline Care Preparedness and Response in Asymmetric Warfare
Authors: Salio Flavio , Pirisi Alessandro , Ciottone Gregory R. , Echeverri Lina Maria , Peleg Kobi , Redmond Anthony D. , Weinstein Eric S. , Hubloue Ives , Della Corte Francesco , Ragazzoni Luca
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Asymmetric warfare and the reaction to its threats have implications in the way far-forward medical assistance is provided in such settings. Investments in far-forward emergency resuscitation and stabilization can contribute to saving lives and increase the resilience of health systems. Thus, it is proposed to extend the use of the Haddon Matrix to determine a set of strategies to better understand and prioritize activities to prepare for and set-up frontline care in the form of Trauma Stabilization Points (TSPs).

Methods:

An expert consensus methodology was used to achieve the research aim. A small subject matter experts’ group was convened to create and validate the content of the Haddon Matrix.

Results:

The result of the expert group consultations presented an overview of TSP Preparedness and Operational Readiness activities within a Haddon Matrix framework. Main strategies to be adopted within the cycle from pre- to post-event had been identified and presented considering the identified opportunities in the context of the possibility of implementation. Of particular importance was the revision of a curriculum that fits the civilian medical system and facilitates its adaptation to the context and available resources.

Conclusion:

The new framework to enhance frontline care preparedness and response using the Haddon Matrix facilitated the identification of a set of strategies to support frontline health care workers in a more efficient manner. Since the existing approach and tools are insufficient for modern warfare, additional research is needed.
Should wages be subsidized in a pandemic?
Authors: Abbott Brant , Phan Nam Van
Published: July 2022

We use a labor search model with heterogenous households and firms to study the efficacy of a wage subsidy during a pandemic, relative to enhancing unemployment benefits. A large proportion of the economy is forced to shut down, and firms in that sector choose whether to lay off workers or keep them on payroll. A wage subsidy encourages firms to keep workers on payroll, which speeds up labor market recovery after the pandemic ends. However, a wage subsidy can be costlier than enhancing unemployment benefits. If the shutdown is long or profit margins are low, then a wage subsidy is preferable and vice versa. The optimal mixture of policies includes a wage subsidy that covers 90
$\%$
of the first $200/week of earnings and expands unemployment benefits to cover all salary up to $275/week. Low-income workers, as well as those in less productive jobs, benefit the most from a wage subsidy.
Coping with suicide loss: a qualitative study in primary health care
Authors: Suija Kadri , Rooväli Liis , Aksen Merli , Pisarev Heti , Uusküla Anneli , Kiivet Raul-Allan
Published: July 2022

Aim:

To analyze how people cope with suicide loss and the implications for primary health care.

Background:

Previous studies have shown that primary health care will often be an initial source of support for those bereaved by suicide.

Methods:

We included adult persons who were ready to talk about a suicide completed by a person they knew well (family member or close friend). Participants were recruited via mixed media (television, radio, print, social media, etc.). Altogether, we conducted 37 individual interviews, which were recorded using a dictaphone and lasted from 46 to 158 min. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a content analysis method. The interviewees were mostly women (n = 27) and family members (n = 28) of a person who had died by suicide during the years 2012–2018.

Findings:

We identified two main themes in the data: supporters and barriers in support. Coping with suicide takes time, and support was mostly found among friends and family. Support from GPs was mentioned in the context of diagnosing medical problems and prescribing medicines. Respondents indicated that feeling ashamed and a lack of trust impeded their willingness to seek help from their GP. Unmet needs among the bereaved may increase their risk of diminished mental health outcomes. Thus, primary health care practitioners may have a substantial opportunity to support those who are bereaved by suicide.

Conclusion:

Primary care providers have an opportunity to provide bereavement support among their patients. Continuing medical education regarding the needs of the bereaved and a coordinated approach among primary care practitioners may be useful to proactively identifying and supporting those in need.
International Networking in Russian Music Theatre around 1800: Sheremetev, Yusupov and Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich
Authors: Giust Anna
Published: July 2022

This article investigates the role played by aristocrats in the exchange of repertoire and musical personnel between Russia and Western Europe in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It discusses the involvement of three significant figures in the political and cultural milieus of the Russian Empire: Count Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev (1751–1809), Prince Nikolay Borisovich Yusupov (1750–1831) and the Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich Romanov (who ruled as Paul I from 1796 to 1801). The central focus is on Sheremetev, whose correspondence with Marie-François Hivart, a Parisian cellist he met during a grand tour, allows us to reconstruct a clear picture of how French opera was imported and adapted at his estate theatres in the Moscow area. Yusupov and the grand duke likewise established international musical contacts during their European tours of the 1770s and 80s, and exploited them in their private and public theatrical activities in Russia. Yusupov, who was particularly fond of Italian opera, may be regarded as Sheremetev's counterpart in St Petersburg, while Tsarevich Pavel Petrovich channelled the musical contacts he established in Italy to the Russian court and crown theatres.

Together, these cases suggest some of the ways in which Russia was entangled in European musical life around 1800, revealing mechanisms of exchange in which grand tours, diplomatic contacts and the personal interests of patrons played a significant part.
Contesting Freedom of Information: Capitalism, Development, and the Third World
Authors: CONG Wanshu
Published: July 2022

This paper historicizes the current challenges brought about by digitization to the Third World by revisiting a movement launched by the Non-Aligned Movement countries during the 1970s and early 1980s. Also known as the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO), the movement contested the dominant liberal notion of freedom of information and spotlighted the critically material inequality and power asymmetry often concealed by the liberal vision of the free flow of information. Not only did NWICO present a counter-model to the liberal notion of freedom of information, it also provides a vital case for understanding the interrelations between information and domination and the role of international law therein. This paper retells the story of NWICO, its normative ambition as well as its internal contentions and practical limitations, and reflects on its legacy for TWAIL scholarship and the current politics of digitization.
Arbeitsintensität
Authors: Schulz-Dadaczynski Anika , Stab Nicole , Lohmann-Haislah Andrea , Junghanns Gisa
Published: July 2022

Der Begriff Arbeitsintensität beschreibt einen Belastungsfaktor, dessen Relevanz angesichts aktueller Trends wie zunehmende Digitalisierung, Beschleunigung und Komplexität in der globalen Arbeitswelt immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt. Bei hoher Arbeitsintensität handelt es sich um eine Arbeitsanforderung, die von Beschäftigten vielfach als psychisch beanspruchend erlebt und in der betrieblichen Praxis mit Begriffen wie Zeitdruck, Leistungsdruck und Stress umschrieben wird.
Dieser Band fasst die langjährige qualitative und quantitative Forschung der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) zum Thema Arbeitsintensität zusammen und leitet auf der Grundlage aktueller Forschungsergebnisse Empfehlungen für die betriebliche Praxis ab. Eingegangen wird dabei auf die Verbreitung, die Ursachen, Erscheinungsformen und Folgen von hoher Arbeitsintensität und Informationsüberflutung am Arbeitsplatz. Zudem werden Möglichkeiten der betrieblichen Gestaltung hoher Arbeitsintensität und eines guten Umgangs mit diesem Belastungsfaktor am Arbeitsplatz aufgezeigt.
Was soll ich studieren?
Authors: Ruthven-Murray Patrick
Published: July 2022

„Keine Ahnung, irgendwas studieren, Medizin oder vielleicht was in Richtung Medien“ – so oder ähnlich antworten viele angehende Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten auf die Frage, wie es nach Beendigung der Schulzeit weitergehen soll. Die überarbeitete Auflage des Buches wendet sich an Personen, die auf der Suche nach dem richtigen Studiengang sind. Der Ratgeber liefert Antworten dazu, wie man die passenden Informationen zur Studienwahl herausfiltert, strukturiert und gewichtet, um so schließlich eine fundierte und bewusste Studienwahl treffen zu können.
Im ersten Teil des Buches werden neben den schulischen Leistungen und den Fähigkeiten auch die Interessen, Wünsche und Motivationen erfasst. Der zweite Teil vermittelt wichtige Informationen über die Hochschullandschaft, wie beispielsweise Bewerbungsverfahren oder Rankings, und geht auf Fragen der Finanzierung des Studiums ein. Im letzten Teil werden die einzelnen Erkenntnisse zusammengeführt und für die Entscheidung aufbereitet, um im Ergebnis mehrere passende Studiengänge herauszufinden.
Ratgeber Depression
Authors: Hautzinger
Published: July 2022

Jeder fühlt sich irgendwann einmal traurig, niedergeschlagen und lustlos. Das ist normal. Schwermut bzw. Depressionen sind heftiger und länger andauernde Varianten dieser Stimmungen. Der ganze Körper, das Denken, das ganze Leben und die sozialen Beziehungen sind davon beeinträchtigt. Depressionen kommen häufig und in allen Lebensphasen vor. Depressionen werden oft nicht oder zu spät erkannt und häufig unangemessen behandelt. Die Folgen sind Leid, Verlust an Lebensqualität, Erschöpfung, Belastungen in der Familie, Krankheiten, ja sogar verkürzte Lebenserwartungen. Dabei stehen erfolgreiche Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung.
Die Neuauflage des Ratgebers klärt Betroffene und Angehörige über die Beschwerden und das Krankheitsbild, den Verlauf, die Ursachen und die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten auf. Außerdem werden Selbsthilfemöglichkeiten vorgestellt. Der Ratgeber hilft dabei, die eigene Krankheit bzw. die Krankheit eines Angehörigen oder einer Person aus dem Bekannten- und Freundeskreis besser zu verstehen. Er eignet sich auch dazu, begleitend zu einer bereits laufenden Behandlung gelesen zu werden und damit die Therapie zu unterstützen.
Competing Effects of Eastern and Central‐Western Pacific Winds in the Evolution of the 2017 Extreme Coastal El Niño
Authors: Zhao Sen , Karamperidou Christina
Published: July 2022

In this study, we investigate the relative contributions of dynamical forcings, particularly the eastern and central‐western Pacific winds, and thermodynamical forcings to the evolution of the 2017 extreme coastal El Niño using observations and modeling experiments. We show that the competing effects of anomalous eastern Pacific westerlies and central‐western Pacific easterlies and their resulting downwelling and upwelling equatorial Kelvin waves are essential for the evolution of the event, together with alongshore anomalous northerlies which suppress coastal upwelling and reduce latent heat release as discussed in previous studies. We find that eastern Pacific zonal wind anomalies are about twice as effective in generating a coastal response as central‐western Pacific anomalies, thus compensating for their usually smaller magnitude. While the 2017 event exemplified these competing effects, they were also found to be important in other coastal and basin‐scale El Niño events, thus contributing to the mechanisms responsible for El Niño diversity.
Geologic Heterogeneity Controls on Trapping and Migration of CO2
Authors: Krishnamurthy Prasanna G. , DiCarlo David , Meckel Tip
Published: July 2022

When CO2 is injected into sedimentary basins, the fate of the buoyant CO2 will be determined by how it interacts with the underlying geologic heterogeneities. Here we geologically print a cross‐bedded pattern using two different bead sizes, and then conduct flow experiments to observe buoyant flow pathways, migration speed, and immobilized volumes. The amount of buoyant phase trapped under the heterogeneities is observed to vary by two orders of magnitude, with the controlling parameter being the size contrast between the coarse and fine grains that make up the structure. The results allow an estimate of heterogeneity trapping, and show how CO2 trapping in aquifers can be experimentally evaluated before injection.
Effects of a palaeolithic diet on obstructive sleep apnoea occurring in females who are overweight after menopause—a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Franklin Karl A. , Lindberg Eva , Svensson Johan , Larsson Christel , Lindahl Bernt , Mellberg Caroline , Sahlin Carin , Olsson Tommy , Ryberg Mats
Published: July 2022

Background/Objectives

Obesity is the main risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea, commonly occurring in females who are overweight after menopause. We aimed to study the effect of a palaeolithic diet on sleep apnoea in females with overweight after menopause from the population.

Methods

Seventy healthy, non-smoking females with a mean age of 60 years and a mean BMI of 33 kg/m2 were randomised to a palaeolithic diet or to a control low-fat diet according to Nordic Nutritional Recommendations, for 2 years. The apnoea-hypopnoea index was measured and daytime sleepiness was estimated during the intervention.

Results

The mean apnoea-hypopnoea index at baseline was 11.6 (95% CI 8.6–14.5). The mean weight loss was 7.2 kg (95% CI 5.3–9.2 kg) in the palaeolithic diet group and 3.9 kg in the control group (95% CI 1.9–5.9 kg); p < 0.021 for the group difference. The reduction in weight corresponded to a reduction in the apnoea-hypopnoea index in the palaeolithic diet group (r = 0.38, p = 0.034) but not in the control group (r = 0.08, p = 0.69). The apnoea-hypopnoea index was reduced in the palaeolithic diet group when the weight was reduced by more than 8 kg. Daytime sleepiness according to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale score was unaffected by dietary group allocation.

Conclusions

A substantial decrease in body weight of 8 kg was needed to achieve a reduction in sleep apnoea in this small trial of women who are overweight after menopause. The palaeolithic diet was more effective for weight reduction than a control low-fat diet and the reduction in sleep apnoea was related to the degree of weight decrement within this diet group.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00692536.
Extending the PAX1 spectrum: a dominantly inherited variant causes oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome
Authors: Carter Shannon , Fellows Bridget J. , Gibson Kate , Bicknell Louise S.
Published: July 2022

Oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome (OAVS) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder, with both genetic and environmental contributors. Multiple genes have been associated with OAVS and common molecular pathways, such as retinoic acid and the PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH (PSED) network, are being implicated in the disease pathophysiology. Biallelic homozygous nonsense or hypomorphic missense mutations inPAX1cause otofaciocervical syndrome type 2 (OTFCS2), a similar but more severe multi-system disorder that can be accompanied by severe combined immunodeficiency due to thymic aplasia. Here we have identified a multi-generational family with mild features of OAVS segregating a heterozygous frameshift inPAX1. The four base duplication is expected to result in nonsense-mediated decay, and therefore cause a null allele. While there was full penetrance of the variant, expressivity of facial and ear features were variable. Our findings indicate there can be monoallelic and biallelic disorders associated withPAX1, and further implicate the PSED network in OAVS.
Competing electronic states emerging on polar surfaces
Authors: Reticcioli Michele , Wang Zhichang , Schmid Michael , Wrana Dominik , Boatner Lynn A. , Diebold Ulrike , Setvin Martin , Franchini Cesare
Published: July 2022

Excess charge on polar surfaces of ionic compounds is commonly described by the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) model, a homogeneous distribution of charge, spatially-confined in a few atomic layers. Here, by combining scanning probe microscopy with density functional theory calculations, we show that excess charge on the polar TaO2 termination of KTaO3(001) forms more complex electronic states with different degrees of spatial and electronic localization: charge density waves (CDW) coexist with strongly-localized electron polarons and bipolarons. These surface electronic reconstructions, originating from the combined action of electron-lattice interaction and electronic correlation, are energetically more favorable than the 2DEG solution. They exhibit distinct spectroscopy signals and impact on the surface properties, as manifested by a local suppression of ferroelectric distortions.
Decrease in air-sea CO2 fluxes caused by persistent marine heatwaves
Authors: Mignot Alexandre , von Schuckmann Karina , Landschützer Peter , Gasparin Florent , van Gennip Simon , Perruche Coralie , Lamouroux Julien , Amm Tristan
Published: July 2022

Regional processes play a key role in the global carbon budget. Major ocean CO2 uptake at mid-latitudes counteracts CO2 release in the tropics, which is modulated by episodes of marine heatwaves. Yet, we lack essential knowledge on persistent marine heatwaves, and their effect on the CO2 sensitive areas. Here we show, using a 1985–2017 joint analysis of reconstructions, ocean reanalysis and in situ and satellite data, that persistent marine heatwaves occur in major CO2 uptake and release areas. Average air-sea CO2 flux density changes from persistent marine heatwaves are strongest in the Pacific Ocean with a 40 ± 9% reduction in CO2 release in the tropics linked to ENSO, and a reduction in CO2 uptake of 29 ± 11% in the North Pacific over the study period. These results provide new insights into the interplay of extreme variability and a critical regulating ocean ecosystem service, and pave the way for future investigations on its evolution under climate change.
Demonstration of universal control between non-interacting qubits using the Quantum Zeno effect
Authors: Blumenthal E. , Mor C. , Diringer A. A. , Martin L. S. , Lewalle P. , Burgarth D. , Whaley K. B. , Hacohen-Gourgy S.
Published: July 2022

The Zeno effect occurs in quantum systems when a very strong measurement is applied, which can alter the dynamics in non-trivial ways. Despite being dissipative, the dynamics stay coherent within any degenerate subspaces of the measurement. Here we show that such a measurement can turn a single-qubit operation into a two- or multi-qubit entangling gate, even in a non-interacting system. We demonstrate this gate between two effectively non-interacting transmon qubits. Our Zeno gate works by imparting a geometric phase on the system, conditioned on it lying within a particular non-local subspace. These results show how universality can be generated not only by coherent interactions as is typically employed in quantum information platforms, but also by Zeno measurements.
BMP3 inhibits TGFβ2-mediated myofibroblast differentiation during wound healing of the embryonic cornea
Authors: Spurlin James W. , Garis Matthew R. , Lwigale Peter Y.
Published: July 2022

Often acute damage to the cornea initiates drastic tissue remodeling, resulting in fibrotic scarring that disrupts light transmission and precedes vision impairment. Very little is known about the factors that can mitigate fibrosis and promote scar-free cornea wound healing. We previously described transient myofibroblast differentiation during non-fibrotic repair in an embryonic cornea injury model. Here, we sought to elucidate the mechanistic regulation of myofibroblast differentiation during embryonic cornea wound healing. We found that alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive myofibroblasts are superficial and their presence inversely correlates with wound closure. Expression of TGFβ2 and nuclear localization of pSMAD2 were elevated during myofibroblast induction. BMP3 and BMP7 were localized in the corneal epithelium and corresponded with pSMAD1/5/8 activation and absence of myofibroblasts in the healing stroma. In vitro analyses with corneal fibroblasts revealed that BMP3 inhibits the persistence of TGFβ2-induced myofibroblasts by promoting disassembly of focal adhesions and αSMA fibers. This was confirmed by the expression of vinculin and pFAK. Together, these data highlight a mechanism to inhibit myofibroblast persistence during cornea wound repair.