bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations between autism spectrum disorder and eating disorders with and without self-induced vomiting: an empirical study
Authors: Numata Noriko , Nakagawa Akiko , Yoshioka Kazuko , Isomura Kayoko , Matsuzawa Daisuke , Setsu Rikukage , Nakazato Michiko , Shimizu Eiji
Published: November 2020

Background: Although approximately 23% of anorexia nervosa (AN) patients have concomitant autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is clinically difficult to determine ASD coexistence in patients with eating disorders. Restrictive AN is more common in younger patients and self-induced vomiting usually appears during adolescence/young adulthood with the collapse of control. Some patients state that they “would never want to vomit” and are tolerant of weight gain even if they start overeating. It is important to understand the essential difference between those who vomit and those who do not vomit. In this study, we hypothesised that the absence of self-induced vomiting may be associated with the presence of ASD and aimed to assess the presence of ASD tendencies in each eating disorder (EDs). Clarifying this association helps to consider the coexistence of ASD in the clinical setting and can lead to the next detailed ASD evaluation, and as a result, helps to determine the appropriate treatment and support individually.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 43 females aged 15–45 years who attended Chiba University Hospital between 2012 and 2016 using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire(EDE-Q) and Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) to quantify the severity of the eating disorder and to identify whether ASD tendency were present. Results: There was no difference in the AQ score between binging-purging type AN and restricting type AN. However, there was significant difference in the AQ score between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder (BED). Of the 4 ED subtypes, BED had the highest ASD tendency. The non-vomiting group with illness duration <4 years had a significantly higher AQ communication score than the vomiting group with illness duration ≥ 4 years.Conclusions: There was a difference in the AQ score by the presence or absence of self-induced vomiting. The present results may help us understand why those with BED do not vomit even if they gain weight and why BED is admissive even if there is weight gain. Thus, evaluation of patients for the absence of self-induced vomiting while assessing them for EDs may help us to understand the association with ASD tendencies.
Genomic Predictions for Fillet Yield and Firmness in Rainbow Trout Using Reduced-density SNP Panels
Authors: Al-Tobasei Rafet , Ali Ali R. , Garcia Andre L. S. , Lourenco Daniela , Leeds Tim , Salem Mohamed
Published: November 2020

BackgroundOne of the most important goals for the rainbow trout aquaculture industry is to improve fillet yield and fillet quality. Previously, we showed that a 50K transcribed-SNP chip can be used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with fillet yield and fillet firmness. In this study, data from 1,568 fish genotyped for the 50K transcribed-SNP chip and ~774 fish phenotyped for fillet yield and fillet firmness were used in a single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) model to compute the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV). In addition, pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP) was used to calculate traditional, family-based estimated breeding values (EBV). ResultsThe genomic predictions outperformed the traditional EBV by 35% for fillet yield and 42% for fillet firmness. The predictive ability for fillet yield and fillet firmness was 0.19 - 0.20 with PBLUP, and 0.27 with ssGBLUP. Additionally, reducing SNP panel densities indicated that using 500 – 800 SNPs in genomic predictions still provides predictive abilities higher than PBLUP. ConclusionThese results suggest that genomic evaluation is a feasible strategy to identify and select fish with superior genetic merit within rainbow trout families, even with low-density SNP panels.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of foreign nationals accessing psychiatric services in Japan: A multicentre study in a metropolitan area
Authors: Takubo Youji , Nemoto Takahiro , Iwai Momoko , Kashima Minako , Yamaguchi Eriko , Maruyama Akiko , Miura Sachio , Saito Hisaaki , Tsujino Naohisa , Mizuno Masafumi
Published: November 2020

Background:International immigration to Japan, where homogeneous ethnicity is a population characteristic, has been growing. Although immigration is recognised as a risk factor for multiple mental-health related issues, there are few regional reports on foreign nationals accessing the psychiatric services in Japan. We aimed to reveal their current status and provide information to develop an optimal service system.Methods:A multicentre retrospective document review research was conducted. The subjects were foreign nationals who resided in Japan and presented at the psychiatry departments in three core regional hospitals in the Keihin region, which faces Tokyo Bay and is well known to include the largest traditional industrial zone in Japan, over a period of three years. We investigated the patients’ demographic and clinical information including country/region of origin, spoken language, use of a medical interpreter, pathway to hospitals and outcome.Results:The percentage of foreign patients among all patients (1.4%) was quite low. Their age distribution (45.8 years on average) was dissociated from the age distribution of foreign nationals who resided in Japan. Regarding the country/region of origin, China (35.1%) was the most common country, followed by the Philippines, Korea and Brazil. Several subjects (22.9%) could not speak Japanese; therefore, interpretation was required by family members/friends (17.1%) or a professional interpreter (5.4%). Neurotic and stress-related disorders were the most common diagnosis (24.4%). The proportion of psychoactive substance use was higher than that for Japanese national data as immigrants are known to be at risk for it.Conclusions:The results suggest that foreign nationals who reside in Japan are less likely to contact appropriate services for mental illness, especially young people at relatively high risk of mental illness do not access services. Furthermore, lack of medical interpreters may impede the mental health conditions of foreign nationals. The development of a community-based integrated care system accessible to foreign nationals seems to be indispensable.
Nerve growth factor is closely related to glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in the second trimester: a case-control study in Chinese
Authors: Tang Mengyang , Luo Mingjuan , Lu Wenqian , Zhang Rong , Liang Wei , Gu Jianfen , Yu Xuemei , Zhang Xueli , Hu Cheng
Published: November 2020

Objective: Inflammation-related factors have been shown to play a significant role throughout pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationships between selected inflammatory cytokines and gestational diabetes (GDM) in Chinese pregnant women.Design and Methods: This was a 1:1 matched case-control study that included 200 pairs of subjects in the second trimester and 130 pairs of subjects in the third trimester. Serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, Interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The associations of these inflammatory factors with metabolic parameters were analysed.Results: In the second trimester, GDM patients had higher NGF levels and lower IL-8 levels than did normal controls (P<0.001 and P=0.015, respectively). However, in the third trimester, only lower leptin levels were observed in the GDM group (P=0.031). Additionally, in the second trimester, NGF levels were not only positively associated with fasting, 1-h and 2-h glucose levels and the area under curve of glucose (AUCG), but also positively related to insulin sensitivity and secretion, as suggested by fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment index of β-cell secretion (HOMA-β) (all P<0.05). Moreover, IL-6 and leptin levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, and TNF-α levels were positively related to HOMA-IR (all P<0.05). Except for the relationships between NGF and HOMA-β and TNF-α and HOMA-IR, the other correlations still existed even after adjusting for confounding factors (all P< 0.05).Conclusion: In addition to the positive associations of IL-6 and leptin with insulin resistance and secretion, NGF was higher in the GDM patients and strongly linked to glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function in Chinese pregnant women in the second trimester.
Analysis of the efficacy of HIV protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2’s main protease
Authors: mahdi mohamed , Mótyán János András , Szojka Zsófia Ilona , Golda Mária , Miczi Márió , Tőzsér József
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in millions of infections worldwide. While the search for an effective antiviral is still ongoing, experimental therapies based on repurposing of available antivirals is being attempted, of which HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) have gained considerable interest. Inhibition profiling of the PIs directly against the viral protease has never been attempted in vitro, and while few studies reported an efficacy of lopinavir and ritonavir in SARS-CoV-2 context, the mechanism of action of the drugs remains to be validated. MethodsWe carried out an in-depth analysis of the efficacy of HIV PIs against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) in cell culture and in vitro enzymatic assays, using a methodology that enabled us to focus solely on any potential inhibitory effects of the inhibitors against the viral protease. For cell culture experiments a dark-to-bright GFP reporter substrate system was designed.ResultsLopinavir, ritonavir, darunavir, saquinavir, and atazanavir were able to inhibit the viral protease in cell culture, albeit in concentrations much higher than their achievable plasma levels, given their current drug formulations. While inhibition by lopinavir was attributed to its cytotoxicity, ritonavir was the most effective of the panel, with IC50 of 13.7 µM. None of the inhibitors showed significant inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in our in vitro enzymatic assays up to 100 µM concentration. ConclusionTargeting of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro by some of the HIV PIs might be of limited clinical potential, given the high concentration of the drugs required to achieve significant inhibition. Therefore, given their weak inhibition of the viral protease, any potential beneficial effect of the PIs in COVID-19 context might perhaps be attributed to acting on other molecular target(s), rather than SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
Control of Graves’ hyperthyroidism with very long-term methimazole treatment: A clinical trial
Authors: Azizi Fereidoun , Abdi Hengameh , Amouzegar Atieh
Published: November 2020

Background: Long-term antithyroid drugs therapy has become one of the options for treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was to compare thyroid status in those who discontinued methimazole (MMI) treatment after 12.8 years with those who continued MMI as long as 24 years.Methods: Fifty nine patients with Graves’ disease on long-term MMI for 14.2±2.9 years were recruited; 32 patients (54%) decided to discontinue MMI and 27 (46%) preferred additional years of MMI treatment. All patients were followed for a mean of 6 additional years.Results: Of 27 patients who continued MMI, 16 and 11 subjects completed median of 20 and 24 years of MMI treatment, respectively. Suppressed serum thyrotropin (TSH) was not observed in any patient after seventh years of treatment. Serum free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, TSH and TSH receptor antibody concentrations remained normal up to the length of the study. Mean daily dose of MMI to maintain TSH in the reference range decreased gradually and reached to 2.8±1.7 mg by 24 years of MMI treatment. No adverse reaction related to MMI occured during additional years of therapy. In 32 patients who discontinued MMI, hyperthyroidism relapsed in 6 patients (19%), one left follow-up and 25 (78%) remained euthyroid during the study.Conclusions: Long-term low dose MMI treatment may be a lifelong effective and safe therapeutic modality in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism for prevention of relapse, if studies from other centers confirm findings of this research.Trial registration: IRCT201009224794N, 2010-10-25. Retrospectively registered.www. IRCT.IR/Trial/5143.
First report on molecular basis of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) aggravation by combined effect of tuber and prevailing aphid
Authors: Kumar Ravi Ranjan , Ansar Mohammad , Rajani Kumari , Kumar Jitesh , Ranjan Tushar
Published: November 2020

Objective: The Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) is one of the most devastating virus causing severe yield losses worldwide in potato. The comprehensive observations were made to study the PLRV infestation in major potato growing areas of Bihar (India) and further detailed molecular basis of PLRV aggravation was established. Results: Although aphids population were found comparatively lower with maximum symptomatic plants, our molecular data further confirms the presence of PLRV in all possible symptomatic tissues such as tubers, shoots and leaves. For the first time, we have proposed molecular basis of aggravation of PLRV, where tuber acts as a reservoir during off-season and further transmitted by aphids.
Enhanced tolerance to drought stress resulting from Caragana korshinskii CkWRKY33 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Zhen , Liang Fengping , Zhang Tianbao , Fu Na , Pei Xinwu , Long Yan
Published: November 2020

Background: It is well known that WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and development, defense regulation and stress responses.Results: In this study, a WRKY transcription factor, WRKY33, was cloned from Caragana korshinskii. A sequence structure analysis showed that it belonged to the Group-I type. Subcellular localization experiments in tobacco epidermal cells showed the presence of CkWRKY33 in the nucleus. Additionally, CkWRKY33 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. A phenotypic investigation revealed that compared with wild-type plants CkWRKY33-overexpressing transgenic plants had higher survival rates, as well as relative water, soluble sugar, proline and peroxidase contents, but lower malondialdehyde contents, following a drought stress treatment.Conclusions: This suggested that the overexpression of CkWRKY33 led to an enhanced drought-stress tolerance in transgenic A. thaliana. Thus, CkWRKY33 may act as a positive regulator involved in the drought-stress responses in Caragana korshinskii.
Effect of Education on Shared Decision-making using Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Randomized Controlled trial.
Authors: Fujimoto Shuhei , Ogawa Tatsuya , Komukai Kanako , Nakayama Takeo
Published: November 2020

Background: To investigate the influence of the evidence–practice gap on physiotherapists and occupational therapists through shared decision making (SDM) using clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).Methods: The study was designed as a blocked, randomized controlled multicenter trial. Participants included 126 therapists with 42 continuous samplings from three institutions. Being a permanent employee from any of these institutions was a necessary inclusion criterion. However, participants with disorders (visual, auditory, attentional disorder) were excluded. An allocator was assigned to mask the participation’s attribution until the allocation was completed. The evaluator and analyzer were also masked. For the intervention group, a workshop was conducted on SDM using CPGs. Lecture on the knowledge of CPGs (CPG group) and lecture on the knowledge of SDM (SDM group) were the control groups. The primary outcomes were “education, attitudes and beliefs, and interest and perceived role in evidence-based practice (EPIC scale).” The secondary outcome included evidence-based practice (EBP) knowledge. To review the intervention effect of education on SDM using CPGs, two-factor variance analysis (mixed model) was adopted to conduct Holm’s method.Results: In each group, 42 participants were randomized and analyzed. The EPIC scale showed significant difference between the CPG with SDM and CPG groups (CPG with SDM group [mean ± standard deviation, pre/post]：2.4±0.9/4.4±1.7; CPG group： 3.0±1.5/3.5±2.0; SDM group： 2.6±1.2/ 3.3±1.8）. The question on EBP “I learned the foundations for EBP as a part of my academic preparation” showed significant differences between the CPG with SDM and CPG groups （CPG with SDM group： 1.8±0.8/2.2±1.0; CPG group： 2.3±1.1/ 2.0±1.0）.Conclusion: SDM education using CPGs for physical and occupational therapists improves EBP self-efficacy.
Genomic analysis of Helicobacter himalayensis sp. nov. isolated from Marmota himalayana
Authors: Hu Shouhui , Niu Lina , Wu Lei , Zhu Xiaoxue , Cai Yu , Jin Dong , Yan Linlin , Zhao Fan
Published: November 2020

Background: Helicobacter himalayensis was isolated from Marmota himalayana in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, and is a new non-H. pylori species, with unclear taxonomy, phylogeny, and pathogenicity.Results: A comparative genomic analysis was performed between the H. himalayensis type strain 80(YS1) and other the genomes of Helicobacter species present in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database to explore the molecular evolution and potential pathogenicity of H. himalayensis. H. himalayensis 80(YS1)T formed a clade with H. cinaedi and H. hepaticus that was phylogenetically distant from H. pylori. The H. himalayensis genome showed extensive collinearity with H. hepaticus and H. cinaedi. However, it also revealed a low degree of genome collinearity with H. pylori. The genome of 80(YS1)T comprised 1,829,936 bp, with a 39.89% GC content, a predicted genomic island, and 1,769 genes. Comparatively, H. himalayensis has more genes for functions in “cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis” and “coenzyme transport and metabolism” sub-branches than the other compared helicobacters, and its genome contained 42 virulence factors genes, including that encoding cytolethal distending toxin (CDT).Conclusions: We characterized the H. himalayensis 80(YS1)T genome, its phylogenetic position, and its potential pathogenicity. However, further understanding of the pathogenesis of this potentially pathogenic bacterium is required, which might help to manage H. himalayensis-induced diseases.
Characteristics of the completed chloroplast genome sequence of Xanthium spinosum: Comparative analyses, identification of mutational hotspots and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Raman Gurusamy , Park KyuTae , Kim Joo Hwan , Park SeonJoo
Published: November 2020

Background: The invasive species Xanthium spinosum has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for many years. Unfortunately, no extensive molecular studies of this plant have been conducted. Results: Here, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of X. spinosum was assembled and analyzed. The cp genome of X. spinosum was 152,422 base pairs (bp) in length, with a quadripartite circular structure. The cp genome contained 115 unique genes, including 80 PCGs, 31 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Comparative analyses revealed that X. spinosum contains a large number of repeats (999 repeats) and 701 SSRs in its cp genome. Fourteen divergences (Π > 0.03) were found in the intergenic spacer regions. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Parthenium is a sister clade to both Xanthium and Ambrosia and an early-diverging lineage of subtribe Ambrosiinae, although this finding was supported with a very weak bootstrap value. Conclusion: The identified hotspot regions could be used as molecular markers for resolving phylogenetic relationships and species identification in the genus Xanthium.
Hydroxychloride trace minerals have a positive effect on growth performance, carcass quality and impact ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens
Authors: Kuijk Sandra van , Han Yanming , Garcia-Ruiz Ana Isabel , Rodiles Ana
Published: November 2020

Background: The objective was to study the effect of hydroxychloride trace minerals (HTM) on growth performance, carcass quality and gut microbiota of broiler chickens in comparison to sulphate trace minerals (STM). In total 1440 male Ross 308 day-old chicks were divided into 12 replicate pens with 30 birds each per treatment. Four different treatments were tested according to a 2×2 factorial study design, where the animals received a three phase diet containing either inorganic Zn from sulphates or Zn from HTM in high (80 mg/kg Zn) or low Zn dosage (20 mg/kg Zn). In all treatments 15 mg/kg Cu was added from the same mineral source as the Zn. Body weight and feed intake were measured on day 0, 10, 27 and 34, while carcass and breast meat yields were measured at the end of the study (day 34). In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed in digesta samples from ileum and cecum to study the gut microbiome (day 34).Results: The results showed an improved (P<0.05) body weight of broiler chickens fed HTM, regardless of Zn level, on day 27, while on day 34 this effect remained as a tendency (P=0.0542). In the overall study period, birds fed HTM had a higher (P<0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake when compared to birds fed STM. The mineral source did not affect the carcass characteristics, however, feeding 80 mg/kg Zn resulted in a significantly higher (P=0.0171) breast meat yield, regardless of source. High-throughput sequencing analysis of the microbiota revealed a higher microbial diversity in the ileum and cecum of HTM fed birds compared to STM fed birds. Taxonomical differences were mainly found in the cecum, specifically between the group fed high and low Zn levels from HTM. This correlated with the mineral contents observed in the cecal digesta. Comparing both groups fed 80 mg/kg Zn, the HTM group had more Streptococcaceae, Streptococcus, Clostridia, Weissella and Leuconostocaceae compared to the STM group.Conclusions: HTM improved growth performance of broiler chickens ; and the source and level of Zn modulated the gut microbiota communities in broilers differentially.
Blood-brain barrier from the point of view of anesthesiologist. Review. Part 1
Authors: Gorbachev Vladimir I. , Bragina N. V.
Published: November 2020

The blood-brain barrier prevents the penetration of neurotoxic components of plasma, blood cells and pathogens into the brain. At the same time, it regulates the transport of molecules in the central nervous system, maintaining a strictly controlled chemical composition of the neuronal environment. This review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, the physiology of the blood-brain barrier transport systems, the structural components of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and the intrathecal administration of drugs. Based on the physicochemical properties of antibacterial drugs, we estimated which compounds are currently the most promising for the treatment of infections of the central nervous system.
Safety and Efficacy of BeEAC as a Conditioning Regimen Prior to Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Relapsed/Refractory Lymphomas
Authors: Sarzhevskii V.O. , Samoilova Anastasiya Aleksandrovna , Melnichenko V.Ya. , Dubinina Yu.N. , Mochkin N.E. , Kolesnikova D.S. , Fedorenko D.A. , Smirnova E.G. , Bannikova A.E. , Bogatyrev V.S.
Published: November 2020

Aim. To assess the safety and efficacy of BeEAC as a conditioning regimen prior to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in relapsed and primary resistant lymphomas (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03315520). Materials & Methods. The trial included 113 patients with Hodgkin’s (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). The patients were included into the protocol during the period from February 2016 to June 2018. Median follow-up was 26 months. Among the patients there were 58 men and 55 women. Median age was 33 years (range 18-65 years). In 72 patients HL and in 41 patients NHL (in 15 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, in 8 primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma, in 10 mantle cell lymphoma, in 4 peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified, and in 4 patients follicular lymphoma) were diagnosed. BeEAC conditioning regimen consisted of administering 160-200 mg/m2 bendamustine in increasing doses on Day -6 and Day -5 combined with fixed doses of 200 mg/m2 cytarabine every 12 hours, 200 mg/m2 etoposide, and 140 mg/kg cyclophosphamide from Day -4 to Day -1. Results. In phase 1, when bendamustine dose was increased from 160 mg/m2 to 200 mg/m2, no dose-limiting toxicity was observed. Afterwards patients received 200 mg/m2 of bendamustine. The assessment of tumor status in 2-3 months after auto-HSCT showed that complete remission was achieved in 62.9 % (n = 71) of patients, partial remission in 16.8 % (n = 19) of patients, stabilization in 0.9 % (n = 1) of patients and progression in 15 % (n = 17) of patients. In 5 patients the treatment effect was not assessed. Early post-transplant mortality (up to Day +30) was 3.6 % (n = 4) and overall mortality within the follow-up period (median 26 months) was 23 % (n = 26). Overall survival in the whole co hort of patients for 12, 18, 24, and 36 months was 88 %, 82 %, 78 %, and 64 %, respectively, and progression-free survival was 61 %, 57 %, 54 %, and 40 %, respectively. Conclusion. BeEAC proved to be relatively safe when applied as a conditioning regimen prior to auto-HSCT in HL and NHL patients. Further data need to be collected to finally assess the efficacy of this regimen and to conduct a retrospective comparative analysis of it and other conditioning regimens in lymphomas.
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Melkova K.N. , Sharoyan Zh.V. , Frolov G.P.
Published: November 2020

Natural killers (NK) were first described as large granular lymphocytes capable of destroying tumor and virus-infected cells without prior sensitization. The article deals with NK biology and specific features of their maturation and “licensing”. Particular attention is given to NK mechanisms and their differences from other lymphocytes. The article focuses on the role of NK in antitumor immune development in oncohematological patients as well as healthy individuals, potential bone marrow donors.
Listeria monocytogenes Meningitis in a Female Patient with Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Pronina A.M. , Zhuravleva S.V. , Yunaev G.S. , Zavodnova I.Z. , Kurmukov Ildar Anvarovich
Published: November 2020

Listeriosis with severe clinical manifestations in the form of bacteraemia, sepsis, and meningitis/meningoencephalitis is a rare but a challenging issue of supportive care in oncohematology. Early diagnosis of listeriosis, as well as any other infection, is hampered by severe general manifestations of a malignant lymphoproliferative disorder or tumor complications and its treatment. In patients with pronounced decreased drug-induced immunity listeriosis is usually characterized as a rapidly developing and, as a rule, severe disease with high immediate mortality. The present article offers a case report of severe listeria infection in a female patient admitted to the intensive care unit for the treatment of primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma with a large tumor mass in anterior mediastinum complicated by mediastinal and superior vena cava compression syndromes.
An evolutionary system of mineralogy, Part V: Aqueous and thermal alteration of planetesimals (~4565 to 4550 Ma)
Authors: Hazen Robert M. , Morrison Shaunna M.
Published: November 2020

Part V of the evolutionary system of mineralogy explores phases produced by aqueous alteration, metasomatism, and/or thermal metamorphism—relicts of ancient processes that affected virtually all asteroids and that are preserved in the secondary mineralogy of meteorites. We catalog 166 historical natural kinds of minerals that formed by alteration in the parent bodies of chondritic and non-chondritic meteorites within the first 20 Ma of the solar system. Secondary processes saw a dramatic increase in the chemical and structural diversity of minerals. These phases incorporate 41 different mineral-forming elements, including the earliest known appearances of species with essential Co, Ge, As, Nb, Ag, Sn, Te, Au, Hg, Pb, and Bi. Among the varied secondary meteorite minerals are the earliest known examples of halides, arsenides, tellurides, sulfates, carbonates, hydroxides, and a wide range of phyllosilicates.
Justification of unconventional protein-containing raw materials for the construction of milk chocolate formulas with increased biological value
Authors: Linovskaya N. V. , Mazukabzova E. V. , Rudenko O. S. , Savenkova T. V.
Published: November 2020

Milk chocolate is particularly popular with different age groups. It is characterized by low protein content with a large amount of fats and carbohydrates determining the food imbalance of the product. In conditions of high-grade animal proteins deficiency the selection of high-quality protein-containing ingredients for food production is very relevant. The aim of this work is to study the protein adequacy of various components of milk chocolate to enhance its biological value. The amino acid scale method has been used to assess the biological value of proteins; it is based on the determination of amino acid (chemical) score. It has been found that the limiting biological value amino acid for classical white raw ingredients of milk chocolate (cocoa products and milk powder) is methionine + cysteine. For constructing chocolate formulas with increased biological value it is advisable to use protein-containing raw materials (whey protein concentrate, oat flour, etc.) to compensate for the limiting amino acids. The indicator of amino acids utilitarianity of proteins of raw milk chocolate components has been calculated. On the basis of the utilitarian index we have established the coefficient of utilitarian of the amino acid composition of the raw materials characterizing essential amino acids' balance. We have determined the biological value of protein and the amino acid composition imbalance coefficient. It has been found that the amino acid composition of milk and whey protein concentrates is most balanced compared to the amino acid composition of traditional protein-containing raw components of milk chocolate. The limiting acid of whey protein concentrate is valine, which makes its use in the manufacture of chocolate products more attractive compared to milk protein concentrate (the limiting amino acid is methionine + cysteine). In the group of vegetable non-conventional raw materials oat and buckwheat flour are characterized by the best indicators of biological value. The amino acid adequacy of oat flour is comparable to the qualitative protein indicators of cocoa products, the limiting amino acid is lysine. Buckwheat flour is characterized by the smallest imbalance in amino acid composition, which distinguishes the proteins of this raw material with the highest degree of digestibility compared with the proteins of all the studied protein-containing components of milk chocolate.
Curd paste for calcium metabolism correction
Authors: Donskay G. A.
Published: November 2020

Calcium is one of critical elements influencing metabolic processes in the body. It is an essential ingredient of bone tissue. Once its amount in the blood is insufficient, bone calcium resorption occurs that leads to osteoporosis development. The goal of this publication is to demonstrate feasibility of introducing curd paste supplemented with additional source of calcium in the diet of population for improving antioxidant defense and strengthening bone tissue. This publication summarizes our previous research on developing calcium-enriched dairy products for osteoporosis prevention. It is supplemented with new data on significance of separate ingredients of curd paste, including whey protein antioxidant properties; ability of calcium and potassium salts as counterparts of strontium and cesium to reduce radionuclides absorption from gastrointestinal tract and others. Based on natural ingredients and targeted the mass consumer, Vitacalcin paste can provide a solid competition to domestic and foreign products. Formulations and technological process for curd paste Vitacalcin enriched with calcium from either eggshell powder or calcium alginate, and functional additives, such as nettle or garlic, has been developed. Products have been tested in animals and patients of Central Institute of Traumatology with primary form of osteoporosis. Bioavailability of calcium is more pronounced when consuming pastes with ESP and sulfur-containing additive. In animal model, bone mass increase has been observed after 28 days of curd paste consumption. Patients with pronounced osteoporosis consuming 200 g of curd paste daily for 30 days have demonstrated increased serum calcium level. It has been shown that the new product has a positive impact on bone tissue formation, and possesses antioxidant properties. As a result of the research, technical documentation for Vitacalcin curd paste is developed. The Institute of Nutrition recommends this product for osteoporosis prevention and correction of calcium balance.
El desarrollo humano desde la biojurídica colombiana para los habitantes de la calle drogodependientes
Authors: Trujillo Florián Edwin Secergio
Published: November 2020

La biojurídica permite preguntarse: ¿Cómo se incentiva el desarrollo humano en la jurisprudencia frente a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 1 y 3 en relación con el consumo de estupefacientes y el habitante de la calle? El objetivo es determinar el diagnóstico del desarrollo humano para el habitante de la calle drogodependiente y analizar su sentido de vida conforme a las tendencias ius filosóficas que deberían incluirse en las sentencias. Se proponen algunas líneas de pensamiento filosófico aristotélico, el enfoque corresponde a una investigación documental interpretativa y el proceso de revisión y reflexión se sustenta en la información obtenida en textos y artículos de revistas indexadas. Es importante incorporar el lenguaje de la ética y la política en aspectos como la felicidad, la justicia, la virtud moral, cívica y política, y la educación de los sentimientos en la jurisprudencia.
El coronel sí tiene quien le lea
Authors: Restrepo Perez Katherine , Aragón Ávila Ana Inés , Martínez Monterrosa Alberto
Published: November 2020

Este artículo presenta los resultados de investigación a partir de la aproximación a dos proyectos innovadores en promoción de la lectura en el Caribe colombiano; La Carreta Literaria, en el departamento de Bolívar, y Biblioburro, en el departamento del Magdalena. Los objetivos de la investigación se direccionan a evaluar los efectos de la cooperación internacional en los proyectos a partir de la evaluación cualitativa de los criterios de visibilidad, cobertura, sostenibilidad y replicabilidad, realizando además un análisis crítico de las experiencias para establecer su relación con tres dimensiones de desarrollo; la inclusión y cohesión social, la participación ciudadana y la sostenibilidad cultural.
Como técnica de investigación, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas con diferentes grupos poblacionales siguiendo el método cualitativo de la sociología comprensiva. En general, los resultados de la investigación están encaminados a establecer los nexos entre prácticas de lectura y escritura, desarrollo humano y cooperación internacional.
Cooperación internacional y formalización de la propiedad rural en Mahates - Bolívar:
Authors: Acosta Juan Gabriel , Puello Orozco Ariel
Published: November 2020

En este artículo se presenta el análisis del resultado dos (2) del proyecto piloto de tierras de los nuevos territorios de paz financiado por la Unión Europea y su implementación en el Municipio de Mahates, Bolívar, a partir del cual se determinó la incidencia de la cooperación internacional sobre la formalización de la propiedad rural en dicho Municipio. El trabajo se llevó a cabo desde un enfoque cualitativo a modo de estudio de caso. Para la recolección de información se recurrió a la investigación documental y se aplicaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a funcionarios y beneficiarios del proyecto escogidos de forma no probabilística, para luego proceder a la sistematización y análisis de información obtenida de fuentes tanto primarias como secundarias, a la luz del marco teórico.
La investigación determinó que el impacto del proyecto piloto de tierras sobre la formalización de la propiedad en Mahates fué prácticamente nulo pues no se legalizó ningún predio, no obstante haberse cumplido en forma satisfactoria con el resultado propuesto que consistía en un acompañamiento o asesoría técnico - jurídica. Corroboró a su vez la poca eficacia de la cooperación internacional para materializar políticas concebidas en los ámbitos nacional e internacional en pro del desarrollo, así como la precaria situación de la propiedad de la tierra que caracteriza el campo colombiano, entre otros aspectos.
Desarrollo humano sostenible, post acuerdo de paz y Estado social de derecho: “Balances y estrategias en la era del postconflicto colombiano bajo la mirada de la cooperación internacional”
Authors: Quintana Pérez Bleidis Vanessa
Published: November 2020

El concepto de Desarrollo Humano Sostenible se encuentra inmerso en la voluntad del Constituyente Colombiano, que establece en el Preámbulo de la Carta Política, al Estado como el principal garante para promover el bienestar de los ciudadanos. No obstante, ¿Por qué  los habitantes del territorio colombiano padecen diariamente de inequidad, desigualdad social y falta de acceso a la justicia? Las respuestas planteadas a este interrogante son diversas, pues se atribuyen causas desde distintas perspectivas.
Ante tales realidades, la presente, es una investigación crítica con naturaleza reflexiva, exploratoria y bajo el enfoque cualitativo, que, a partir de una amplitud monográfica permite confrontar la realidad social, política y económica con los factores existenciales del conocimiento del objeto: el Acuerdo de Paz en Colombia. Los resultados arrojados determinan las estrategias que debe realizar el Estado colombiano en materia de Cooperación Internacional bajo los nuevos retos que impone el mencionado acuerdo.
Libertad, desarrollo humano y bienestar subjetivo: una revisión crítica.
Authors: Domínguez Martín Rafael
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar críticamente el papel de la libertad como determinante del bienestar subjetivo a lo largo del proceso de desarrollo humano, entendido en el sentido sociológico de la teoría postmaterialista de la modernización. Aunque la legitimidad de utilizar información subjetiva a partir de encuestas para medir el desarrollo humano ha sido cuestionada por el problema de las preferencias adaptativas, rechazarla por principio para explicar el bienestar resulta contradictorio con la premisa fundante del paradigma del desarrollo humano, dada su defensa irreductible de la agencia individual.
La hipótesis de partida es que la literatura de los estudios del desarrollo que busca explicar la variación del bienestar subjetivo en el proceso de desarrollo humano tiende a reducir la libertad de elección, como libertad negativa (no interferencia), a la libertad económica del consumidor, lo que conduce a falsas pistas y sesgos eurocéntricos.
La conclusión de la revisión es que resulta necesario recuperar el concepto integral de libertad, como libertad positiva o autorrealización, asociado a la tradición aristotélica-marxista-polanyiana, que enlaza con los planteamientos originales de Amartya Sen.
Instituciones fuertes para el postconflicto. Análisis de la realidad colombiana frente al ODS 16
Authors: Medina Arteta Ramón
Published: November 2020

Uno de los principales objetos de estudio en la actualidad en el campo de la cooperación y desarrollo, por su relevancia y pertinencia, lo encontramos, sin lugar a dudas, en los análisis acerca de la implementación de la agenda global de desarrollo sostenible y, particularmente, en las medidas contenidas en los así denominados Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Si bien, las preocupaciones de la agenda global siguen enfocadas en el crecimiento económico, por primera vez se reconoce la importancia “de la paz, la justicia y el rol fundamental que desempeñan los gobiernos y las instituciones democráticas sólidas para lograr el desarrollo”. Es decir, se instala en el discurso oficial e institucional la discusión que entiende que construcción de paz y desarrollo van de la mano.
BRICS in polar regions: Brazil’s interests and prospects
Authors:   University of São Paulo, Casella Paulo Borba , Lagutina Maria ,   St. Petersburg State University, Giannattasio Arthur Roberto Capella ,   University of São Paulo
Published: November 2020

The current international legal regulation of the Arctic and Antarctica was organized during the second half of the XX century to establish an international public power over the two regions, the Arctic Council (AC) and the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), which is characterized by Euro-American dominance. However, the rise of emerging countries at the beginning of the XXI century suggests a progressive redefinition of the structural balance of international power in favor of states not traditionally perceived as European and Western. This article examines the role of Brazil within the AC and the ATS to address various polar issues, even institutional ones. As a responsible country in the area of cooperation in science and technology in the oceans and polar regions in BRICS, Brazil appeals to its rich experience in Antarctica and declares its interest in joining the Arctic cooperation. For Brazil, participation in polar cooperation is a way to increase its role in global affairs and BRICS as a negotiating platform. It is seen in this context as a promising tool to achieve this goal. This article highlights new paths in the research agenda concerning interests and prospects of Brazilian agency in the polar regions.
PET-Amyloid After Inconclusive Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Clinical Practice. Is it Necessary to Duplicate Procedures?
Authors: Carrera-Muñoz Ismael , Triguero-Cueva Lucía , Romero-Fábrega Juan C. , Triviño-Ibáñez Eva M. , Vilchez-Carrillo Rosa , Carnero-Pardo Cristóbal , Gómez-Río Manuel
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

In the absence of a gold standard for in vivo Alzheimer disease (AD) diagnosis,
AD biomarkers such as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (CSF-B) and PET-Amyloid are considered
diagnostically useful in clinical practice guidelines and have consensual appropriate use criteria (AUC).
However, little evidence has been published on their utilization in the clinical setting or on approaches
to mismatched results. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of AD biomarkers in clinical
practice, focusing on the implementation of PET-Amyloid in cases of inconclusive CSF-B.

Methods:

This naturalistic, ambispective case series included patients fulfilling AUC for CSF-B and
PET-Amyloid whose CSF-B results were non-diagnostic (target population), analyzing the diagnostic
certainty, the treatment approach, and the relationship between CSF-B and PET-Amyloid results.

Results:

Out of 2373 eligible patients, AD biomarkers were studied in 417 (17.6%), most frequently due
to cognitive impairment in under 65-year-olds, using CSF-B in 311 patients and PET-Amyloid in 150.
CSF-B results were non-diagnostic for 44 patients (52.3% male; aged 60.9±6.6 years), who then underwent
PET-Amyloid study, which was positive in 31. A ‘k’ coefficient of 0.108 was obtained between
CSF-B and PET-amyloid (54.5% concordance). In multivariate regression analysis, Aβ42 was the only
significant predictor (p= 0.018) of a positive PET-Amyloid result. In the target population, PETAmyloid
increased diagnostic confidence by 53.7% (p <0.001) and modified the therapeutic approach in
36.4% of cases.

Conclusion:

These findings support the duplication of AD biomarkers and demonstrate that the implementation
of PET-Amyloid provides an early and certain diagnosis to guide appropriate treatment.
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood CX3CL1 as a Potential Biomarker in Early Diagnosis and Prognosis of Dementia
Authors: Kulczyńska-Przybik Agnieszka , Słowik Agnieszka , Mroczko Piotr , Borawski Bartłomiej , Groblewska Magdalena , Borawska Renata , Mroczko Barbara
Published: November 2020

Background:

A growing body of evidence highlights the crucial role of neuroinflammation
and chemokine involvement in cognitive impairment pathophysiology. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) appears
to be a relevant causative factor in the development of dementia, particularly at the early stages of the
disease. However, limited data are available on the levels of CX3CL1 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
and blood. Additionally, to date, its utility as a biomarker for MCI or AD has not been studied.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical utility of CX3CL1 in the early diagnosis
of cognitive impairment. We also compared the diagnostic usefulness of CX3CL1 with other biomarkers
associated with neuroinflammation.

Methods:

A total of 60 patients with cognitive impairment, including 42 patients with AD and 18 subjects
with MCI, as well as 20 cognitively healthy controls were enrolled in the study. CSF and blood
concentrations of CX3CL1, CCL-2, and YKL-40 were measured by ELISA.

Results:

Significantly higher CSF and blood concentrations of CX3CL1 were observed in MCI and AD
patients compared to older individuals without cognitive impairment. The increase in the levels of
CX3CL1 and YKL-40 in non-demented subjects was associated with MCI. The area under the ROC
curve for CX3CL1 in MCI subjects was larger in comparison to classical AD markers.

Conclusion:

Presented results indicate a crucial role of CX3CL1 in the pathology of cognitive impairment
and the potential usefulness of this protein in the early diagnosis of MCI and AD.
Expanding the Arsenal Against Huntington's Disease-Herbal Drugs and Their Nanoformulations
Authors: Vishwas Sukriti , Gulati Monica , Kapoor Bhupinder , Gupta Saurabh , Singh Sachin Kumar , Awasthi Ankit , Khan Arzoo , Goyal Aditya , Bansal Anil , Baishnab Suman , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Arora Sandeep , Porwal Omji , Kumar Ankit , Kumar Vijay
Published: November 2020

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal fatal genetic disease in which degeneration of
neuronal cells occurs in the central nervous system (CNS). Commonly used therapeutics are cludemonoamine
depletors, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and tranquilizers. However, these drugs cannot
prevent the psychotic, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunctions associated with HD. In addition to
this, their chronic use is limited by their long-term side effects. Herbal drugs offer a plausible alternative
to this and have shown substantial therapeutic effects against HD. Moreover, their safety
profile is better in terms of side effects. However, due to limited drug solubility and permeability to
reach the target site, herbal drugs have not been able to reach the stage of clinical exploration. In
recent years, the paradigm of research has been shifted towards the development of herbal drugs
based nanoformulations that can enhance their bioavailability and blood-brain barrier permeability.
The present review covers the pathophysiology of HD, available biomarkers, phytomedicines explored
against HD, ongoing clinical trials on herbal drugs exclusively for treating HD and their
nanocarriers, along with their potential neuroprotective effects.