bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Your English is Accented!”: Surviving With Otherness While Approaching Positive Becoming
Authors: Zhang Tao
Published: August 2020

Taking a critical intercultural approach, this paper explores the discrepancies between the critical communication pedagogy (CCP) ideals and pedagogical struggles of international graduate teaching assistants (IGTAs) rendered by their linguistic difference due to border crossing. I theorized IGTAs’ linguistic Otherness as racialization of their accent. I further suggested undoing the negative becoming with positive becoming by intervening in the dualistic ways of knowing and hearing in order to shatter the mentality that dehumanizes and dominates the Other.
Type I Error Is Inflated in the Two-Phase Reverse Correlation Procedure
Authors: Cone Jeremy , Brown-Iannuzzi Jazmin L. , Lei Ryan , Dotsch Ron
Published: August 2020

Mental images of social categories are highly consequential: They can reveal biases and help elucidate the factors that contribute to those biases. One strategy frequently used to evaluate the properties of mental images is reverse correlation, which is a data-driven method that allows researchers to visualize a person’s mental representation of individuals or groups. In social psychology, this technique often employs a unique two-phase structure. This approach, however, has not yet been carefully validated, and its structure may alter the properties of the statistical tests used to evaluate differences between conditions. Using computer simulations to evaluate the Type I error rate in a typical two-phase reverse correlation procedure, we find that it is inflated in a nontrivial set of circumstances.
Kant be Compared: People High in Social Comparison Orientation Make Fewer—Not More—Deontological Decisions in Sacrificial Dilemmas
Authors: Fleischmann Alexandra , Lammers Joris , Conway Paul , Galinsky Adam D.
Published: August 2020

The current work tests whether the dispositional tendency to compare oneself to others—social comparison orientation (SCO)—impacts decisions in moral dilemmas. Past research offers two competing predictions for how SCO impacts moral decision making: (a) SCO increases deontological judgments because people high in SCO care especially about social norms versus (b) SCO decreases deontological judgments because people high in SCO are competitive and thus unconcerned about causing harm to others. Four studies (two preregistered) find consistent support that SCO decreases deontological decisions. This relationship was robust in employing conventional (Study 1) and process dissociation (Studies 2–4) dilemma analytic techniques. Furthermore, we find that psychopathy uniquely mediates decreased deontological decisions among people high in SCO (Study 4). These results indicate that high-SCO people make fewer deontological decisions because they are less concerned with causing harm. Overall, the current research suggests that there is a dark side to making social comparisons.
Critical illness-associated cerebral microbleeds in COVID-19
Authors: Vattoth Surjith , Abdelhady Mohamed , Alsoub Hussam , Own Ahmed , Elsotouhy Ahmed
Published: August 2020

We are reporting the imaging findings of the rare entity of critical illness-associated cerebral microbleeds in a COVID-19-positive 66-year-old woman with hypoxic respiratory failure, who was eventually intubated and ventilated. Multiple scattered cerebral microhaemorrhages diffusely distributed in the juxtacortical white matter and internal capsule region, sparing the deep and periventricular white matter, basal ganglia, thalami and cortex were seen, which is a unique imaging finding in critically ill patients with respiratory failure and hypoxemia requiring mechanical ventilation. The mechanism underlying these microhaemorrhages relates to the endpoint of critical illness, rather than a specific underlying disease.
Segmentation procedures for the assessment of paranasal sinuses volumes
Authors: Cellina Michaela , Gibelli Daniele , Cappella Annalisa , Toluian Tahereh , Pittino Carlo Valenti , Carlo Martinenghi , Oliva Giancarlo
Published: August 2020

Background

The paranasal sinuses are complex anatomical structures, characterised by highly variable shape, morphology and size. With the introduction of multidetector scanners and the development of many post-processing possibilities, computed tomography became the gold standard technique to image the paranasal sinuses. Segmentation allows the extraction of metrical and shape data of these anatomical components that can be applied for diagnostic, education, surgical planning and simulation, and to plan minimally invasive interventions in otorhinolaryngology and neurosurgery.

Discussion

Our aim was to provide a review of the existing literature on segmentation, its types and application, and the data obtained from this procedure. The literature search was conducted on PubMed (including Medline), ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases, using the keywords as follows: ‘paranasal sinuses’, ‘frontal sinus’, ‘maxillary sinus’, ‘sphenoid sinus’, ‘ethmoid sinus’, in all possible combinations with the keywords ‘segmentation’ and ‘volumetric analysis’. Inclusion criteria were: articles written in English, on living human subjects, on the adult population and focused on paranasal sinuses analysis.

Conclusion

This article provides an overview of the types and main application of segmentation procedures on paranasal sinuses, and the results provided by the studies on this topic.
Cases of successful independent educationally oriented podcasters
Authors: Shamburg Christopher
Published: August 2020

This research project examined three cases of successful independent educationally oriented podcasters. As the numbers of podcasts and podcast listeners grow in the United States, the stories of people who create content in this new educational space are an under-explored and important research area. This research profiles three successful independent podcasters who work in areas that can be considered, broadly, educational. The participants were selected for their diversity, and data were collected from interviews with the podcasters and a review of their podcasts and related documents. The narratives examine how and why successful independent educationally oriented podcasters started and continue their work. The findings indicate that their work is characterized by the desire to fill an under-served need, a persistent optimism, an enjoyment of their independence, and a sense of integrity.
The physical health and side-effect monitoring of patients prescribed clozapine: data from a clinical audit conducted in UK mental health services
Authors: Barnes Thomas R. E. , MacCabe James H. , Kane John M. , Delgado Oriana , Paton Carol
Published: August 2020

Background:

In addition to mandatory haematological monitoring, treatment guidelines recommend routine monitoring of adverse effects and physical health in patients prescribed clozapine.

Methods:

NHS trusts/healthcare organisations participated in a clinical audit in the context of a UK quality improvement programme addressing clozapine-prescribing practice.

Results:

Data relating to 6948 adult patients prescribed clozapine were submitted by 63 NHS trusts/healthcare organisations. Of 481 patients treated with clozapine for up to 18 weeks, there was documented pretreatment screening of blood pressure, heart rate and ECG in at least 90%, and body weight, plasma lipids, plasma glucose/glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and physical examination in approximately 80%. During the first 2 weeks of clozapine treatment there was documented daily measurement of both heart rate and blood pressure in 82% and body temperature in 77%. In a subsample of 411 patients, of the 72% who had weekly side-effect assessments documented in the first month of treatment, a structured assessment tool had been used in 29%. Treatment monitoring up to 18 weeks included an ECG in 90%, C-reactive protein (CRP) or creatine kinase in 42%, and troponin or B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in 29%. In the 5908 patients prescribed clozapine for at least 1 year, blood pressure and body weight/body mass index were documented in at least 80%, plasma lipids in 78% and plasma glucose in 73%, with an ECG in 55%. Two-thirds were prescribed medication to manage side effects of clozapine and one third of those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were prescribed a second antipsychotic medication.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that for most patients treated with clozapine in UK mental health services, physical health screening and side-effect monitoring follow recommended practice, but there was limited use of structured side-effect assessment tools. Monitoring for clozapine-induced myocarditis during the early risk period using markers of inflammation such as CRP, and cardiac damage such as troponin and BNP, was less consistent. This may partly reflect the variation in guideline recommendations for monitoring for myocarditis and partly the selected use of such tests when prompted by cardiac symptoms. The relatively common coprescription of medications for the majority of people on longer-term clozapine treatment may well further increase side-effect burden and physical health risks, reinforcing the need for continuing systematic monitoring.
Teachers’ Reflective Practices in Implementing Assessment for Learning Skills in Classroom Teaching
Authors: Pang(彭新强) Nicholas Sun-Keung
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

This article examines how 34 teachers self-assessed their work with the nine Assessment for Learning (AfL) strategies in teaching and their own suggestions for improvement as evidenced by the reflective statements given on reflection forms.

Design/Approach/Methods:

The sample was a group of 34 teachers from 10 primary schools and 10 kindergartens who have participated in the project. School Development Officers (SDOs) were assigned to conduct class observations in the schools, in which they recorded whether the teachers had used the AfL strategies in teaching. The SDOs would also share and discuss the comments with the teachers who had returned the self-reflection forms in which they wrote their feedback on the research questions.

Findings:

The findings show that teachers in kindergartens and teachers in primary schools might have different emphases on the nine AfL strategies in teaching. Their own suggested room for improvement in practicing AfL skills has provided insights for enhancing teaching effectiveness.

Originality/Value:

We propose that reflective practices can generate a “reflective spiral” of planning, acting, observing, and then reflecting. The study shows that reflective practitioners become professional experts who are able to assure the quality of teaching by self-enhancement and self-improvement.
“Cutting Editors Faster Than We’re Cutting Reporters”: Influences of The Athletic on Sports Journalism Quality and Standards
Authors: Buzzelli Nicholas R. , Gentile Patrick , Sadri Sean R. , Billings Andrew C.
Published: August 2020

Since its 2016 launch, negative attitudes toward The Athletic, a network of hyperlocal subscription sports news sites, have resonated throughout the journalism community because of the new media startup’s nontraditional approach, one centered on hiring established journalists from the hometown newspaper. Therefore, to accurately paint a picture of The Athletic’s perceived impact on print journalism, 22 in-depth interviews were conducted with newspaper sports editors. This analysis reveals that most sports editors were generally accepting of The Athletic and viewed its presence as reinforcement that newspapers need to stick to daily coverage to stand out in the crowded sports media marketplace.
Comparative analysis of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion versus posterolateral instrumented fusion in degenerative lumbar spine disorders
Authors: Yadav Sanjay , Singh Saurabh , Arya Raj Kumar , Kumar Alok , Kumar Ishan , Jha Abhinav
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

Spinal fusion is an effective treatment for degenerative lumbar spine; however, conflicting results exist regarding the best procedure. This study compares the clinical and radiological outcomes of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) versus instrumented posterolateral fusion (PLF) in patients of degenerative lumbar spine disorders.

Methods:

Of the total 37 patients, 16 patients were operated with TLIF and 21 were operated with instrumented PLF with bone grafting. Duration of the study was from June 2017 to June 2019. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were (1) age of patient ranging from 18 years to 70 years, (2) involvement of single level, (3) diagnosis of degenerative spine disease, and (4) minimum follow-up of 1 year. Radiographic parameters such as slippage of vertebrae, anterior and posterior disc heights, local disc lordosis, T12–S1 angle were measured, and fusion were assessed; comparison between preoperative and postoperative parameters was also done. Clinical outcome score was obtained using visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.

Results:

No significant difference was found in ODI and VAS between TLIF and PLF. Restoration of disc height and improvement of local disc lordosis was better in the TLIF group than in the PLF group. The fusion rate was 87.5% in the TLIF group and 81% in the instrumented PLF group. Amount of blood loss was slightly higher in the TLIF group (319.69 ± 53.8 mL) than in the instrumented PLF group (261.19 ± 34.9 mL). Operating time was also slightly higher in TLIF (133 ± 6.02 min) than in instrumented PLF (90.71 ± 6.3 min).

Conclusion:

TLIF is superior to instrumented PLF in terms of restoration of anterior and posterior disc heights and improvement in local disc lordosis and higher fusion rate, however it requires greater surgical expertise and more experience. Because of anterior cage support, early weight-bearing mobilization can be allowed in the TLIF group compared to the PLF group. Surgical time and blood loss were slightly higher in cases of TLIF than instrumented PLF.
The Use of Eculizumab in Tacrolimus-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Authors: Gabr Jihad Ben , Bilal Hiba , Mirchia Kanish , Perl Andras
Published: August 2020

Drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (DITMA) is a secondary cause of thrombotic microangiopathy and a potentially fatal inflammatory disease. DITMA has been attributed to a variety of drugs, particularly chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agents. Prompt diagnosis is critical for survival and treatment necessitates withdrawal of the offending drug; however, many cases require further treatment including plasmapheresis, immunosuppression, and anticoagulation. In this article, we report a cutaneous biopsy-proven case of tacrolimus-induced DITMA, which was successfully treated with eculizumab after failing the conventional standard of care.
Blumensaat Line as a Prediction of Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament Length
Authors: Joyner Patrick W. , Mills Frederic Baker , Brotherton Scott , Bruce Jeremy , Roth Travis , Hess Ryan , Wilcox C. Luke , Leddon Charles E. , Davis Benjamin , O’Grady Christopher , Andrews James R. , Roth Charles A.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Graft-tunnel mismatch (GTM) is a condition in which the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft is either too long or too short. GTM is particularly problematic when bone–patellar tendon–bone grafts are used because of a potential compromise in fixation of the bone plug on the tibia.

Hypothesis:

The Blumensaat line (BL), a radiographic landmark representing the roof of the intercondylar fossa, will accurately approximate the native ACL (nACL) length and may aid in the prevention of GTM.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 130 patients (66 males, 64 females) underwent direct measurement of the nACL during knee arthroscopy. The lengths of the nACL and patellar ligament (PL) were measured intraoperatively, and BL length was measured on lateral knee radiographs. The nACL length was compared with PL and BL lengths to calculate the absolute difference (AD). Mean AD was calculated and used to determine mean percentage difference (MPD). Pearson correlation coefficients (CC) between BL, PL, and nACL length were calculated, along with inter- and intraobserver reliability coefficients for the measurement of BL.

Results:

For male patients, the mean length of the nACL was 32.5 mm, BL was 30.4 mm, and PL was 49.2 mm. The AD between the BL and nACL was 2.4 ± 1.3 mm, MPD was 2.6% ± 1.9%, and CC was 0.88. The CC between the PL and nACL was 0.08. For female patients, the mean length of the nACL was 30.2 mm, BL was 27.5 mm, and PL was 44.4 mm. The AD between the BL and nACL was 2.7 ± 1.7 mm, MPD was 4.5% ± 2.4%, and CC was 0.93. The CC between the PL and nACL was 0.1. The inter- and intraobserver reliability coefficients for the measurement of BL were 0.86 and 0.83, respectively.

Conclusion:

A strong correlation was found between BL and nACL with a high inter- and intraobserver reliability. This correlation provides a simple and reliable method to closely approximate nACL length before reconstruction and may aid in the prevention of graft-tunnel mismatch.
Teaching During the Pandemic? An Opportunity to Enhance Curriculum
Authors: Hughes M. Courtney , Henry Beverly W. , Kushnick Michael R.
Published: August 2020

The rapid transition of courses to an emergency remote teaching and learning format at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 created challenges across the university landscape for faculty and students and, inevitably, affects the future of higher education. We drew upon education theory, evidence-based teaching practices, and insights from a rapid-response survey of academics in the fields of public health, health promotion, and health communication about their perspectives on the impact of COVID-19. This article aims to help educators explore potential strategies to incorporate the lessons and reality of the pandemic into their curriculum. Shifting expectations and bringing pedagogy to the remote tools are among the several suggestions offered here to ease frustration and teach students in the short- and long-term. We encourage academics to consider the situational factors that can affect teaching and learning by putting forth a series of questions to reflect upon when reassessing the real-life context of a course.
Can Social Media Anti-abuse Policies Work? A Quasi-experimental Study of Online Sexist and Racist Slurs
Authors: Felmlee Diane , DellaPosta Daniel , Rodis Paulina d. C. Inara , Matthews Stephen A.
Published: August 2020

The authors use the timing of a change in Twitter’s rules regarding abusive content to test the effectiveness of organizational policies aimed at stemming online harassment. Institutionalist theories of social control suggest that such interventions can be efficacious if they are perceived as legitimate, whereas theories of psychological reactance suggest that users may instead ratchet up aggressive behavior in response to the sanctioning authority. In a sample of 3.6 million tweets spanning one month before and one month after Twitter’s policy change, the authors find evidence of a modest positive shift in the average sentiment of tweets with slurs targeting women and/or African Americans. The authors further illustrate this trend by tracking the network spread of specific tweets and individual users. Retweeted messages are more negative than those not forwarded. These patterns suggest that organizational “anti-abuse” policies can play a role in stemming hateful speech on social media without inflaming further abuse.
Agreement of Program Directors With Clinical Competency Committees for Fellow Entrustment
Authors: Mink Richard , Herman Bruce E , Carraccio Carol , Aye Tandy , Baffa Jeanne M , Chess Patricia R , Fussell Jill J , Sauer Cary G , Stafford Diane E J , Weiss Pnina , Curran Megan L , Dammann Christiane E L , High Pamela C , Hsu Deborah , Kesselheim Jennifer C , Mahan John D , McGann Kathleen A , Myers Angela L , Pitts Sarah , Turner David A , Schwartz Alan
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

Fellowship program directors (FPD) and Clinical Competency Committees (CCCs) both assess fellow performance. We examined the association of entrustment levels determined by the FPD with those of the CCC for 6 common pediatric subspecialty entrustable professional activities (EPAs), hypothesizing there would be strong correlation and minimal bias between these raters.

Methods:

The FPDs and CCCs separately assigned a level of supervision to each of their fellows for 6 common pediatric subspecialty EPAs. For each EPA, we determined the correlation between FPD and CCC assessments and calculated bias as CCC minus FPD values for when the FPD was or was not a member of the CCC. In addition, we examined the effect of program size, FPD understanding of EPAs, and subspecialty on the correlations. Data were obtained in fall 2014 and spring 2015.

Results:

A total of 1040 fellows were assessed in the fall and 1048 in the spring. In both periods and for each EPA, there was a strong correlation between FPD and CCC supervision levels ( P < .001). The correlation was somewhat lower when the FPD was not a CCC member ( P < .001). Overall bias in both periods was small.

Conclusions:

The correlation between FPD and CCC assignment of EPA supervision levels is strong. Although slightly weaker when the FPD is not a CCC member, bias is small, so this is likely unimportant in determining fellow entrustment level. The similar performance ratings of FPDs and CCCs support the validity argument for EPAs as competency-based assessment tools.
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Early Complications After Synthetic Cartilage Device Implantation
Authors: Engasser William M. , Coetzee J. Chris , Ebeling Patrick B. , Den Hartog Bryan D. , Seybold Jeffrey D. , Holthusen Scott M. , McGaver Rebecca Stone , Seiffert Kayla J. , Giveans M. Russell
Published: August 2020

Background:

Previous Level I studies show promising results for the use of a hydrogel synthetic cartilage implant (SCI) for the treatment of hallux rigidus. A recent independent retrospective review has put those results into question, however. The purpose of this article is to report patient-reported outcomes and early complications using this implant so as to add to the paucity of data in the literature regarding this implant.

Methods:

This was a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing hydrogel synthetic cartilage implant for the treatment of hallux rigidus from July 2017 to November 2018. Data collected included patient demographics, radiographic grading, and outcomes: Veterans Rand 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), visual analog scale (VAS), patient satisfaction, and complications. Fifty-four patients (59 feet) with an average age of 57.6 (range, 39-78) years were analyzed. The average latest follow-up was 18.9 (range, 3-31.3) months. Body mass index was 26.7 (range, 18.7-35.2). None were diabetic and 5 were smokers.

Results:

The mean outcome improvements were 6.5 points (VR-12 Physical), 17.2 points (FAAM ADL), 27.4 points (FAAM Sport), and 18.4 points (VAS) ( P < .01 for each). Scores were significantly improved from preoperatively to most recent follow-up for FAAM ADL (71.0 vs 88.2 points), FAAM Sports (44.6 vs 72.0 points), and VAS (49.4 vs 31.0) ( P < .01). Overall, 72.5% patients would definitely or probably have the operation again. Ten patients (18.5%) went on to have revision surgery. Of these, 7 patients were revised to an arthrodesis, and 1 metal hemiarthroplasty and 2 implants were removed because of infection.

Conclusion:

Synthetic cartilage implantation for the treatment of hallux rigidus demonstrated improved pain and outcome scores at short-term follow-up. Reoperation and conversion to fusion rates were comparable to prior studies.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Agent-based model for post-earthquake housing recovery
Authors: Costa Rodrigo , Haukaas Terje , Chang Stephanie E
Published: August 2020

A framework of agent-based models for housing recovery is presented and used to investigate post-earthquake recovery in the City of Vancouver, Canada. Housing recovery is modeled for a portfolio of buildings, contrasting with the practice of assessing the reconstruction of buildings in isolation. Thus, the presented approach better captures the effect of competition for resources, infrastructure disruptions, and socioeconomic factors on recovery. The analyses include models for damage, inspection, financing, power infrastructure, and labor/materials for repairs. The presented approach is applied to simulate the recovery of 114,832 residential buildings in 22 neighborhoods in Vancouver. Results indicate that recovery after a strong earthquake will take more than three years. The density of old and rented buildings, and the income and immigration status of the homeowners are shown to be good predictors of the speed of recovery for a neighborhood. Mitigation measures are compared and it is shown that retrofitting the most physically vulnerable buildings or doubling the available workforce are effective at reducing housing recovery times. It is demonstrated that the equity in recovery between low and high socioeconomic status homeowners is improved if mitigation measures are implemented. The results presented in this article can inform disaster recovery plans and mitigation actions in Vancouver and similar communities.
Study of interactions between rhodamine B and a beidellite-rich clay fraction
Authors: Belhanafi Hamida , Bakhti Abdellah , Benderdouche Noureddine
Published: August 2020

The interaction between a basic dye, rhodamine B, and a separated fine fraction from natural clay was studied. Chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the predominance of beidellite in the fine clay fraction. The interaction of rhodamine B with the fine clay fraction showed that sorption was fast and followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The comparison between sorbed rhodamine B amounts as a function of the various experimental parameters such as pH, sorbent mass, dye concentration and the presence of competing ions suggests that: (1) the sorption process is largely pH-dependent; (2) significant competition is observed between the dye and the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions; (3) the sorption proceeds, principally, by a cation-exchange mechanism; and (4) the sorption capacity of the fine fraction in the presence of competing cations such as Ca2+ is ~0.28 mmol g–1.
Immunomodulatory drugs suppress Th1-inducing ability of dendritic cells but enhance Th2-mediated allergic responses
Authors: Phan Vien , Ito Tomoki , Inaba Muneo , Azuma Yoshiko , Kibata Kayoko , Inagaki-Katashiba Noriko , Tanaka Akihiro , Satake Atsushi , Nomura Shosaku
Published: August 2020

Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), lenalidomide and pomalidomide, are widely used treatments for multiple myeloma; however, they occasionally lead to episodes of itchy skin and rashes. Here, we analyzed the effects of IMiDs on human myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) as major regulators of Th1 or Th2 responses and the role they play in allergy. We found that lenalidomide and pomalidomide used at clinical concentrations did not affect the survival or CD86 and OX40-ligand expression of blood mDCs in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) stimulation. Both lenalidomide and pomalidomide dose-dependently inhibited interleukin-12 (IL-12) and TNF production and STAT4 expression, and enhanced IL-10 production in response to LPS. When stimulated with TSLP, both IMiDs significantly enhanced CCL17 production and STAT6 and IRF4 expression and promoted memory Th2-cell responses. In 46 myeloma patients, serum CCL17 levels at the onset of lenalidomide-associated rash were significantly higher than those without rashes during lenalidomide treatment and those before treatment. Furthermore, serum CCL17 levels in patients who achieved a very good partial response (VGPR) were significantly higher compared with a less than VGPR during lenalidomide treatment. The median time to next treatment was significantly longer in lenalidomide-treated patients with rashes than those without. Collectively, IMiDs suppressed the Th1-inducing capacity of DCs, instead promoting a Th2 response. Thus, the lenalidomide-associated rashes might be a result of an allergic response driven by Th2-axis activation. Our findings suggest clinical efficacy and rashes as a side effect of IMiDs are inextricably linked through immunostimulation.
Migraine, obesity and body fat distribution – a population-based study
Authors: Kristoffersen Espen Saxhaug , Børte Sigrid , Hagen Knut , Zwart John-Anker , Winsvold Bendik Slagsvold
Published: August 2020

Background

Obesity has been linked to an increased prevalence of migraine, and to increased migraine attack frequency, but several questions are left unanswered by previous studies. We examined the relationship between obesity and headache in a large, population-based study where we could take into account body fat distribution, migraine subtypes and tension-type headache.

Methods

The third population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3) included validated headache questionnaires and objective anthropometric measurements. Using a cross-sectional design, our sample consisted of 18,191 women and 14,985 men, aged 19 to 96 years. Of these 4290 (12.9%) had migraine, 4447 (13.4%) had frequent tension-type headache (TTH), and 24,439 were headache-free controls. A total of 5049 individuals with unclassified headache were excluded from the analyses. Using logistic regression, we modeled the association between obesity and headache prevalence, adjusting for relevant confounders.

Results

Both total body obesity (TBO) and abdominal obesity (AO) were associated with a higher prevalence of migraine when compared to headache-free controls (OR 1.45 95% CI 1.32–1.59 and OR 1.29 95% CI 1.18–1.41, respectively), in particular for individuals < 50 years of age (OR 1.74 95% CI 1.54–1.98 and OR 1.89 95% CI 1.69–2.11). Similar results were seen for migraine with and without aura. Similar Overall, a weaker associations were as observed between obesity and TTH. There was a dose-response relationship between obesity categories and increased headache frequency in subjects with migraine. TBO was associated with migraine prevalence and attack frequency independent of AO.

Conclusion

Both TBO and AO were associated with migraine prevalence and attack frequency. This association was largely limited to individuals < 50 years of age. TBO, rather than AO, may be a better measure of obesity in relation to migraine.
Mid- to late-life migraine diagnoses and risk of dementia: a national register-based follow-up study
Authors: Islamoska Sabrina , Hansen Åse Marie , Wang Hui-Xin , Garde Anne Helene , Andersen Per Kragh , Garde Ellen , Hansen Jakob Møller , Waldemar Gunhild , Nabe-Nielsen Kirsten
Published: August 2020

Background

Previous studies found an association between migraine and dementia, which are two leading causes of disability. However, these studies did not differentiate between migraine types and did not investigate all prevalent dementia subtypes. The main objective of this national register-based study was to investigate whether migraine was a risk factor for dementia. Additionally, we explored potential differences in dementia risk for migraine with and without aura.

Methods

We obtained data on birth cohorts born between 1935 and 1956 (n = 1,657,890) from Danish national registers. Individuals registered with migraine before age 59 (n = 18,135) were matched (1:5) on sex and birthdate with individuals without migraine (n = 1,378,346). Migraine was defined by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnoses and dementia was defined by ICD diagnoses and anti-dementia medication. After matching, 62,578 individuals were eligible for analysis. For the statistical analyses, we used Cox regression models and adjusted for socio-demographic factors and several psychiatric and somatic morbidities.

Results

During a median follow-up time of 6.9 (IQR: 3.6–11.2) years, 207 individuals with migraine developed dementia. Compared with individuals without migraine, we found a 50% higher rate of dementia among individuals with migraine (HR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.28–1.76). Individuals without aura had a 19% higher rate of dementia (HR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.84–1.70), and individuals with aura had a two times higher rate of dementia (HR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.48–3.00).

Conclusions

Our findings support the hypothesis that migraine is a midlife risk factor for dementia in later life. The higher rate of dementia in individuals with a hospital-based diagnosis of migraine with aura emphasizes the need for studies on pathological mechanisms and potential preventative measures. Furthermore, given that only hospital-based migraine diagnoses were included in this study, future research should also investigate migraine cases derived from the primary healthcare system to include less severe migraine cases.
Proteomic analysis of synovial fluid from rheumatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis patients
Authors: Birkelund Svend , Bennike Tue Bjerg , Kastaniegaard Kenneth , Lausen Mads , Poulsen Thomas Bouet Guldbæk , Kragstrup Tue Wenzel , Deleuran Bent Winding , Christiansen Gunna , Stensballe Allan
Published: August 2020

Background

The aetiologies and pathogeneses of the joint diseases rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) are still not fully elucidated. To increase our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis, we analysed the protein composition of synovial fluid (SF) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients.

Methods

Fifty-six synovial fluid samples (RA, n = 32; SpA, n = 24) were digested with trypsin, and the resulting peptides were separated by liquid chromatography and analysed by tandem mass spectrometry. Additionally, the concentration of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the synovial fluid was measured, and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined.

Results

Three hundred thirty five proteins were identified within the SF. The more abundant proteins seen in RA SF were inflammatory proteins, including proteins originating from neutrophil granulocytes, while SpA SF had less inflammatory proteins and a higher concentration of haptoglobin. The concentration of cell-free DNA in the SF increased together with proteins that may have originated from neutrophils. Plasma CRP levels in both RA and SpA, correlated to other acute phase reactants.

Conclusions

The proteomic results underline that neutrophils are central in the RA pathology but not in SpA, and even though inhibitors of neutrophils (migration, proteinase inhibitors) were present in the SF it was not sufficient to interrupt the disease process.
Physiological change alters endophytic bacterial community in clubroot of tumorous stem mustard infected by Plasmodiophora brassicae
Authors: Wang Diandong , Sun Tingting , Zhao Songyu , Pan Limei , Liu Hongfang , Tian Xueliang
Published: August 2020

Background

Endophytic bacteria are considered as symbionts living within plants and are influenced by abiotic and biotic environments. Pathogen cause biotic stress, which may change physiology of plants and may affect the endophytic bacterial communiy. Here, we reveal how endophytic bacteria in tumorous stem mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida) are affected by plant physiological changes caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.

Results

The results showed that Proteobacteria was the dominant group in both healthy roots and clubroots, but their abundance differed. At the genus level, Pseudomonas was dominant in clubroots, whereas Rhodanobacter was the dominant in healthy roots. Hierarchical clustering, UniFrac-weighted principal component analysis (PCA), non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) indicated significant differences between the endophytic bacterial communities in healthy roots and clubroots. The physiological properties including soluble sugar, soluble protein, methanol, peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly differed between healthy roots and clubroots. The distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) and two-factor correlation network showed that soluble sugar, soluble protein and methanol were strongly related to the endophytic bacterial community in clubroots, whereas POD and SOD correlated with the endophytic bacterial community in healthy roots.

Conclusions

Our results illustrate that physiologcial changes caused by P. brassicae infection may alter the endophytic bacterial community in clubroots of tumorous stem mustard.
Molecular characterization of an anthocyanin-related glutathione S-transferase gene in Japanese gentian with the CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Tasaki Keisuke , Yoshida Momo , Nakajima Minori , Higuchi Atsumi , Watanabe Aiko , Nishihara Masahiro
Published: August 2020

Background

The blue pigmentation of Japanese gentian flowers is due to a polyacylated anthocyanin, gentiodelphin, and all associated biosynthesis genes and several regulatory genes have been cloned and characterized. However, the final step involving the accumulation of anthocyanins in petal vacuoles remains unclear. We cloned and analyzed the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in Japanese gentian that are known to be involved in anthocyanin transport in other plant species.

Results

We cloned GST1, which is expressed in gentian flower petals. Additionally, this gene belongs to the Phi-type GST clade related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. We used the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing system to generate loss-of-function GST1 alleles. The edited alleles were confirmed by Sanger and next-generation sequencing analyses. The GST1 genome-edited lines exhibited two types of mutant flower phenotypes, severe (almost white) and mild (pale blue). The phenotypes were associated with decreased anthocyanin accumulation in flower petals. In the GST1 genome-edited lines, sugar-induced stress conditions inhibited the accumulation of anthocyanins in stems and leaves, suggestvhing that GST1 is necessary for stress-related anthocyanin accumulation in organs other than flowers. These observations clearly demonstrate that GST1 is the gene responsible for anthocyanin transport in Japanese gentian, and is necessary for the accumulation of gentiodelphin in flowers.

Conclusions

In this study, an anthocyanin-related GST gene in Japanese gentian was functionally characterized. Unlike other biosynthesis genes, the functions of GST genes are difficult to examine in in vitro studies. Thus, the genome-editing strategy described herein may be useful for in vivo investigations of the roles of transport-related genes in gentian plants.
Transcriptomic profiling of germinating seeds under cold stress and characterization of the cold-tolerant gene LTG5 in rice
Authors: Pan Yinghua , Liang Haifu , Gao Lijun , Dai Gaoxing , Chen Weiwei , Yang Xinghai , Qing Dongjin , Gao Ju , Wu Hao , Huang Juan , Zhou Weiyong , Huang Chengcui , Liang Yuntao , Deng Guofu
Published: August 2020

Background

Low temperature is a limiting factor of rice productivity and geographical distribution. Wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is an important germplasm resource for rice improvement. It has superior tolerance to many abiotic stresses, including cold stress, but little is known about the mechanism underlying its resistance to cold.

Results

This study elucidated the molecular genetic mechanisms of wild rice in tolerating low temperature. Comprehensive transcriptome profiles of two rice genotypes (cold-sensitive ce 253 and cold-tolerant Y12–4) at the germinating stage under cold stress were comparatively analyzed. A total of 42.44–68.71 million readings were obtained, resulting in the alignment of 29,128 and 30,131 genes in genotypes 253 and Y12–4, respectively. Many common and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed in the cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant genotypes. Results showed more upregulated DEGs in the cold-tolerant genotype than in the cold-sensitive genotype at four stages under cold stress. Gene ontology enrichment analyses based on cellular process, metabolic process, response stimulus, membrane part, and catalytic activity indicated more upregulated genes than downregulated ones in the cold-tolerant genotype than in the cold-sensitive genotype. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on seven randomly selected DEGs to confirm the RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) data. These genes showed similar expression patterns corresponding with the RNA-Seq method. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed Y12–4 showed more positive genes than 253 under cold stress. We also explored the cold tolerance gene LTG5 (Low Temperature Growth 5) encoding a UDP-glucosyltransferase. The overexpression of the LTG5 gene conferred cold tolerance to indica rice.

Conclusion

Gene resources related to cold stress from wild rice can be valuable for improving the cold tolerance of crops.
Patient-individual cancer cell lines and tissue analysis delivers no evidence of sequences from DNA viruses in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Gock Michael , Kordt Marcel , Matschos Stephanie , Mullins Christina S. , Linnebacher Michael
Published: August 2020

Background

Several DNA viruses are highly suspicious to have oncogenic effects in humans. This study investigates the presence of potentially oncogenic viruses such as SV40, JCV, BKV and EBV in patient-derived colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells typifying all molecular subtypes of CRC.

Methods

Sample material (gDNA and cDNA) of a total of 49 patient-individual CRC cell lines and corresponding primary material from 11 patients, including normal, tumor-derived and metastasis-derived tissue were analyzed for sequences of SV40, JVC, BKV and EBV using endpoint PCR. In addition, the susceptibility of CRC cells to JCV and BKV was examined using a long-term cultivation approach of patient-individual cells in the presence of viruses.

Results

No virus-specific sequences could be detected in all specimens. Likewise, no morphological changes were observed and no evidence for viral infection or integration could be provided after long term CRC cell cultivation in presence of viral particles.

Conclusions

In summary, the presented data suggest that there is no direct correlation between tumorigenesis and viral load and consequently no evidence for a functional role of the DNA viruses included into this analysis in CRC development.
Nutrition assessment and geriatric associated conditions among community dwelling Iranian elderly people
Authors: Bakhtiari Afsaneh , pourali Mahbobeh , Omidvar Shabnam
Published: August 2020

Background

Although malnutrition risk is well documented in elderly care institutions, few studies have been conducted to address concerns regarding community-dwelling elderly people. This study has been aimed to describe the nutritional status and its related socioeconomic and geriatric factors in community-dwelling elders with malnutrition.

Method

For this study, a randomized sampling among people aged 60 has been done (n = 326). Information on nutrition status (full MNA) and health information, like cognitive status (MMSE), daily functional status (ADL and IADL scales) and frailty was obtained. Multiple logistic regression analyses have been carried out, in order to identify the association of demographical and clinical factors with malnutrition.

Results

28.1% of the participants suffered from poor nutrition. In the binary analysis, low MNA scores were associated with increasing age, female gender, lower education level, financial dependence, solitary life, poor self-rated health, multiple physical disabilities and chronic disease, polypharmacy, smoking, functional and cognitive decrease and frailty. In the final model of the multivariate analysis, living alone (OR:1.249,CI:1.105–2.620), multiple physical disabilities (OR:2.183,CI:1.246 ± 3..250) and chronic disease (OR: 2.148,CI:1.167–2.879) were independently associated with malnutrition. Also financial independency (OR:0.625,CI:0.233–0.938), functional ability on ADL (OR:0.536,CI:0.327–0.976) and IADL (OR:0.319,CI:0.194–0.856), normal cognitive (OR:0.456,CI:0.293–0.934) and no frailty (OR:0.253,CI:0.117–0.729) independently were inversely associated with malnutrition. The model was adjusted for all socio- demographic and health variables that were significantly related in the previous models.

Conclusions

Our results indicated a strong correlation between malnutrition and health status. Identifying predictive factors can potentially improve prevention and management strategies used for malnutrition in elderly.
Relocation experiences of the elderly to a long-term care facility in Taiwan: a qualitative study
Authors: Wu Chia-Shan , Rong Jiin-Ru
Published: August 2020

Background

Relocation to a long-term care (LTC) facility is a major life change for most elderly people. Following relocation, many elderly experience difficulties in adapting to changes in the living environment. Taiwan is increasingly becoming an “aging society” and the numbers of those who relocate from family residences to long-term residential care facilities have increased over years. However, in-depth evidence on the experiences of the elderly of their stay in LTC facilities in Taiwan is relatively sparse. This study aimed to explore the relocation experiences of the elderly to a LTC facility to inform policy and practice to address their needs effectively.

Methods

A qualitative study, using semi-structured in-depth interviews, was conducted to explore the experiences of 16 elderly people who have relocated to and lived in a LTC facility in Taiwan for up to a period of 12 months. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using grounded theory approach.

Results

Participants’ accounts reflected four interrelated key themes: wish to minimize the burden, but stay connected with the family; perceived barriers to adaptation; valuing tailored care; and acceptance and engagement. Each theme included interrelated subthemes that influenced one another and represented the different stages in the relocation journey. Most participants viewed relocation as a way of minimizing the burden of their care from family members, but desired to keep a close connection with family and friends. Participants recounted experiences of psychological resistance while making the decision to relocate. Fear of losing autonomy and the ability to perform self-care was a major reason for resistance to adapt. Provision of tailored care was accorded much value by the participants. The decision to accept the relocation and to adapt themselves to the new environment due to their needs for constant care was explicit in some accounts.

Conclusions

Relocation to LTC facility is a dynamic process in the first year of moving into the facility, and involves a range of emotions, feelings and experiences. Adaptation of the elderly into the LTC facility can be maximized if the relocation is well planned with provisions for individually tailored care and family involvement.