bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profil Kadar Gula Darah, Asam Urat dan Kolesterol Warga Beringin Forest Park dengan Metode Non-invasif dan Prinsip Zero Waste
Authors: Sumarti Heni , Istikomah Istikomah , Saputri Affa Ardhi , Susilawati Susilawati , Septiani Fahira , Tasyakuranti Alvnia Nabila , Fariyani Qisthi
Published: March 2023

Pemeriksaan kesehatan merupakan pemeriksaan yang berfokus pada pencegahan primer dan sekunder, dengan melihat secara holistik berbagai faktor kesehatan yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit tertentu di masa depan. Pemeriksaaan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode non-invasif sesuai dengan salah satu prinsip zero waste yaitu mengurangi limbah medis. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan profil kadar gula darah, kolesterol dan asam urat menggunakan metode non-invasif berbasis prinsip zero waste dan mencegah berbagai resiko penyakit akibat kadar yang melebihi ambang normal. Metode penerapan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini terdiri dari tiga tahap, yakni persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Persiapan berupa persiapan tempat, alat dan perangkat tambahan. Pelaksanaan berupa penjelasan alat dan pemeriksaan kesehatan. Evaluasi berupa wawancara dengan warga terkait kesan saat menggunakan alat dan feedback terkait hasil pemeriksaan. Hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan pada 29 warga menunjukkan rata-rata profil kadar gula darah 148.93 mg/dl, kadar kolesterol 102.24 mg/dl, dan kadar asam urat 3.17 mg/dl. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa rata-rata kadar gula darah sedikit di atas ambang normal, sedangkan kadar kolesterol dan asam urat berada pada ambang normal. Warga merasa sangat nyaman dengan pemeriksaan non-invasif karena tidak perlu melukai jari untuk mengambil sampel.
Pelatihan Digital Marketing Guna Optimalisasi Aset Kacang Tanah Desa Tugurejo
Authors: Alawia Mutia Tsalitsa , Roziqin Zainur
Published: March 2023

Kacang tanah merupakan salah satu hasil bumi unggulan yang dimiliki Desa Tugurejo, namun masyarakat sekitar belum mampu mengembangkan hasilnya. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengelola hasil bumi dengan memberdayakan aset yang dimiliki, sehingga mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Tugurejo. Metode yang digunakan adalah Activity Based Community Development (ABCD) dengan menekankan pada penemuan aset desa yang dipandang dapat mendukung kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa. Peserta pelatihan yang dilibatkan adalah anggota PKK, para pemuda Sinoman dan pelaku UMKM Desa Tugurejo. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat mampu mengolah aset kacang tanah melalui pelatihan pengolahan, packaging sampai pada tahap pemasaran. Untuk media pemasaran memanfaatkan digital markerting dengan WhatsApp Business dan Google Bussines. Diharapkan peserta pelatihan yang terlibat dapat mengimplementasikan hasil pelatihan dan pemasaran, sehingga pendapatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Tugurejo dapat meningkat.
Zn-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Incorporated into Collagen-Polysaccharide-based Composite Hydrogels for Their Use in Wound Healing
Authors: Mendoza-Villafaña Juan J. , Franco-Martínez Melanie G. , Claudio-Rizo Jesús A. , Cabrera-Munguía Denis A. , Caldera-Villalobos Martín , León-Campos María I. , Flores-Guía Tirso E. , Cano-Salazar Lucía F.
Published: March 2023

Based on the physicochemical properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and the need of having an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect at the same time in a material for wound healing applications, a multicomponent polymer system was synthesized. Zn-based MOFs having different amino acids acting as ligands (L-tryptophan (Trp), L-phenylalanine (Phe), and L-histidine (His)) in their coordination sphere were successfully prepared and validated by FTIR and XRD. Each MOF was incorporate d into a semi-interpenetrated polymeric network (semi-IPN) based on collagen (C)-guar gum (GG)-polyurethane (PU), given composite hydrogels as end products. The physicochemical properties of these novel composite hydrogels, their in vitro biocompatibility, and their use as cell carriers were studied. The maximum swelling capacity was shown by CGG-Zn(Trp) while the crosslinking index was higher for CGG-Zn(Phe) and CGG-Zn(His), indicating that the chemical structure of the amino acid of the Zn-based MOF tailors these physicochemical properties. All composite hydrogels were resistant to a hydrolysis degradation process (at pH=5 and 7.4) being not entirely degraded after 14 days and having residual masses above 57%. The incorporation of Zn-based MOFs increased the biocompatibility in terms of metabolic activity and proliferation of porcine fibroblast in contact with the composite hydrogels. The low release capacity of fibroblast encapsula ted inside hydrogels evaluated for 10 days indicated the non-efficient capacity of these matrixes as cell carriers, regardless of the structure of the Zn-based MOF. The strong adhesion of porcine fibroblast to the composite hydrogels is related to improving metabolic activity al lowing its proliferation, making these multicomponent polymeric systems useful as efficient materials in biomedical applications such as wound dressing and tissue engineering.
Infrared Galaxies Detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope
Authors: Kilerci Ece , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Goto Tomotsugu , Göğüş Ersin , Kim Seong Jin , Ho Simon C.-C. , Valerie Wong Yi Hang
Published: March 2023

We report on 167 infrared (IR) galaxies selected by AKARI and IRAS and detected in the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 5 (DR5) sky maps at the 98, 150, and 220 GHz frequency bands. Of these detections, 134 (80%) of the millimeter counterparts are first-time identifications with ACT. We expand the previous ACT extragalactic source catalogs, by including new 98 GHz detections and measurements from ACT DR5. We also report flux density measurements at the 98, 150, and 220 GHz frequency bands. We compute α
98−150, α
98−220, and α
150−220 millimeter-wave spectral indices and far-IR to millimeter-wave spectral indices between 90 μm and 98, 150, and 220 GHz. We specify the galaxy type, based on α
150−220. We combine publicly available multiwavelength data—including ultraviolet, optical, near-IR, mid-IR, far-IR, and the millimeter measurements obtained in this work—and perform spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting with CIGALE. With the radio emission decomposition advantage of CIGALE V2022.0, we identify the origins of the millimeter emissions for 69 galaxies in our sample. Our analysis also shows that millimeter data alone indicates the need for a radio synchrotron component in the SEDs that are produced by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and/or star formation. We present SEDs and measured physical properties of these galaxies, such as the dust luminosity, AGN luminosity, the total IR luminosity, and the ratio of the IR and radio luminosity. We quantify the relationships between the total IR luminosity and the millimeter-band luminosities, which can be used in the absence of SED analysis.
Atmospheric-pressure plasma-enhanced spatial atomic layer deposition of silicon nitride at low temperature
Authors: Shen Jie , Roozeboom Fred , Mameli Alfredo
Published: March 2023

Atmospheric-pressure plasma-enhanced spatial atomic layer deposition (PE-spatial-ALD) of SiNx is demonstrated for the first time. Using bis(diethylamino)silane (BDEAS) and N2 plasma from a dielectric barrier discharge source, a process was developed at low deposition temperatures (≤ 250 °C). The effect of N2 plasma exposure time and overall cycle time on layer composition was investigated. In particular, the oxygen content was found to decrease with decreasing both above-mentioned parameters. As measured by depth profile X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 4.7 at.% was the lowest oxygen content obtained, whilst 13.7 at.% carbon was still present at a deposition temperature of 200 °C. At the same time, deposition rates up to 1.5 nm/min were obtained, approaching those of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and thus opening new opportunities for high-throughput atomic-level processing of nitride materials.
Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of sessile serrated lesions with dysplasia/carcinoma
Authors: Jung Peel , Kim Hyung Wook , Park Su Bum , Kang Dae Hwan , Choi Cheol Woong , Kim Su Jin , Nam Hyeong Seok , Ryu Dae Gon , Shin Dong Hoon , Na Joo Young , Yun Mi Sook
Published: March 2023

Background/Aims: Some sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) progress into dysplasia and colorectal cancer, however, the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of SSLs with dysplasia remain to be determined. In this study, we elucidated these characteristics in SSLs with dysplasia/carcinoma, compared with those of SSLs without dysplasia.Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical, endoscopic, and pathological data of 254 SSLs from 216 patients endoscopically resected between January 2009 and December 2020.Results: All SSLs included 179 without dysplasia and 75 with dysplasia/carcinoma, including 55 with low-grade dysplasia, 10 with high-grade dysplasia, and 10 with submucosal cancer. In clinical characteristics, SSLs with dysplasia/carcinoma were significantly associated with advanced age, metabolic diseases, and high-risk adenomas. In endoscopic characteristics, SSLs with dysplasia/carcinoma were significantly associated with the distal colon, large size, polypoid morphology, surface-changes, no mucus cap, and narrow-band imaging international colorectal endoscopic classification (NICE) type 2/3. In the multivariate analysis, high-risk adenomas (odds ratio [OR], 2.98; p = 0.01), large size (OR, 1.18; p < 0.01), depression (OR, 11.74; p = 0.03), and NICE type 2/3 (OR, 14.97; p < 0.01) were significantly associated with SSLs with dysplasia/carcinoma.Conclusions: SSLs had a higher risk of dysplasia in the distal colon than in the proximal colon. SSLs with large size, depression, and adenomatous surface-patterns, as well as those in patients with high-risk adenomas, increased the risk of dysplasia/ carcinoma. This suggests that the clinical and endoscopic characteristics can aid in the diagnosis and management of SSLs with dysplasia/carcinoma.
L’effet de l’atmosphère d’un site marchand sur l’immersion, la valeur perçue et les intentions comportementales des internautes
Authors: Lemoine Jean-François , Charfi Ahmed Anis
Published: March 2023

Cette recherche s’intéresse à l’approche holiste de la webatmosphere et à la supériorité de son pouvoir prédictif de l’immersion de l’internaute par rapport à l’approche atomisée. À partir d’une expérimentation au cours de laquelle nous manipulons trois composantes atmosphériques (présence vs absence d’un agent virtuel, environnement 2D vs 3D, présence vs absence d’une commande de contrôle), nous démontrons que l’immersion de l’internaute est toujours plus forte lorsqu’il navigue sur un site comportant simultanément les trois dimensions que lorsqu’il visite un site n’en contenant qu’une des trois. Par ailleurs, nous mettons en évidence l’effet d’un médiateur multiple en série de l’immersion et de la valeur hédonique perçue du site dans la relation unissant les trois caractéristiques atmosphériques et les intentions comportementales de l’internaute. De tels résultats renseignent les praticiens sur la manière de différencier leurs sites à l’aide des composantes de la webatmosphere.
Quantification of joint space width with different grades of manual traction in patients with adhesive capsulitis-A fluoroscopic study
Authors: Makhija M. , Sethi J. , Kataria C. , Singh H. , Phadke V.
Published: March 2023

Adhesive capsulitis causes adaptive shortening of the non-contractile structures around the shoulder joint which may affect the distraction distance or joint space width (JSW) between the glenoid and humeral head. Joint traction is a commonly used manual therapy technique to reduce pain and gain range of motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis. However, changes in JSW with manual traction are not objectively assessed. This study aimed to find differences in shoulder JSW with different grades of traction and made comparisons between the affected and the unaffected side using 2D fluoroscopy. Forty-one subjects (24 males, 17 females; age 53.9±7.9 years) diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis with low to moderate joint irritability were included. Their mean duration of symptoms was 5.25±1.7 months. True anteroposterior view images of the shoulder were taken with the patient in a supine position with their arms held at 75° of abduction. Images of the affected and unaffected side were taken while no traction, grade 2 and grade 3 manual traction were applied. The JSW was determined as the linear distance between the articular surfaces. Repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc testing was used for analysing differences across the sides (affected and unaffected side) and conditions (No, grade 2 and grade 3 traction). There was no significant interaction between conditions and sides (P=0.99). Averaged across sides, the JSW with grade 2 or 3 traction was 0.18 and 0.23 mm more than the no traction condition (P=0.013 and P=0.001, respectively). There were no differences in the JSW with grade 2 or 3 traction. Averaged across the conditions, the JSW on the unaffected side was 0.21 mm more than the affected side (P=0.03). The study demonstrates that adhesive capsulitis causes a reduction in JSW at 75° abducted position and grade 2 or 3 manual traction can significantly increase this JSW.

Clinical Trial Registry India: CTRI/2018/12/016657.
A systematic review on the development of radiosensitizers, with cancer selectivity, for radiotherapy using ionizing radiation
Authors: Zhang Hengmao , Zhao Haobo , Chi Ming , Yang Kaizhen , Chen Yukang , Mao Jiahui , Li Peilin , Wang Zukang , Song Faqiao , Guo Wenxuan , Sakai Miyu , Takahashi Junko
Published: March 2023

Background

At present, radiotherapy (RT) is widely used in cancer treatment, but traditional RT methods using ionizing radiation cannot avoid damage to normal tissues. Therefore, the development of a more precise RT is an important research direction for relevant researchers. Concurrently, research on radiosensitizers (RSs) using nanotechnology is developing rapidly, and RSs that are selective for cancerous tissues or cancer cells may become an important part of future precision RT.

Methods

Using RSs and RT as keywords, the relevant papers in the PubMed database from 2013 to 2022 were summarized. Articles on RS with selectivity to cancer tissue were collected. Among the selected articles, RSs were classified into “active selectivity”, “passive selectivity” and “others” according to the different selectivity principles of RSs.

Results

A total of 771 articles were retrieved from PubMed. After screening, the research content of the remaining 79 articles was found to be related to the selectivity of RSs to cancer tissues. Among them, 28 articles were classified as “active selectivity”, and most of the sensitizers in this category could target specific targets in cancer tissues. There were 30 papers classified as “passive selectivity” and the selectivity principles were mainly the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, aggregation caused by pH sensitivity, and aggregation in anoxic environments. There were 21 papers classified as “others”. The sensitizers in these studies showed selectivity for cancer tissue, but the mechanism was not clear. This review attempts to summarize studies on RSs that are selective for cancer tissues.

Conclusions

We reviewed nearly ten years of literature on selective RSs and classified the selectivity of different RSs into active and passive selectivities.
Simulations and fractional modeling of dengue transmission in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Saima , Jin Zhen
Published: March 2023

Dengue is one of the most infectious diseases in the world. In Bangladesh, dengue occurs nationally and has been endemic for more than a decade. Therefore, it is crucial that we model dengue transmission in order to better understand how the illness behaves. This paper presents and analyzes a novel fractional model for the dengue transmission utilizing the non-integer Caputo derivative (CD) and are analysed using q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). By using the next generation method, we derive the fundamental reproduction number $ R_0 $ and show the findings based on it. The global stability of the endemic equilibrium (EE) and the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) is calculated using the Lyapunov function. For the proposed fractional model, numerical simulations and dynamical attitude are seen. Moreover, A sensitivity analysis of the model is performed to determine the relative importance of the model parameters to the transmission.
Sulfate ions diffusion in concrete under coupled effect of compression load and dry-wet circulation
Authors: Cao Jian , Liu Tao , Han Ziyang , Tu Bin
Published: March 2023

The diffusion of Sulfate ions in concrete is a complex process and affects the performance of concrete. Experiments on the time-dependent distribution of sulfate ions in concrete under the coupling of pressure load, dry-wet circulation, and sulfate attack, and the diffusion coefficient of sulfate ions with various parameters was tested. The applicability of the cellular automata (CA) theory to simulate the diffusion of sulfate ions was discussed. In this paper, a multiparameter cellular automata (MPCA) model was developed to simulate the impacts of load, immersion ways, and sulfate solution concentration for the diffusion of sulfate ions in concrete. The MPCA model was compared with experimental data, considering compressive stress, sulfate solution concentration, and other parameters. The numerical simulations verify the calculation results based on the MPCA model are in good agreement with the test data. Finally, the applicability of the established MPCA model was also discussed.
The risk-return relationship and volatility feedback in South Africa: a comparative analysis of the parametric and nonparametric Bayesian approach
Authors: Dwarika Nitesha
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to investigate the risk-return relationship, provided volatility feedback was taken into account, in the South African market. Volatility feedback, a stronger measure of volatility, was treated as an important source of asymmetry in the investigation of the risk-return relationship. This study analyzed the JSE ALSI excess returns and realized variance for the sample period from 15 October 2009 to 15 October 2019. This study modelled the novel and robust Bayesian approach in a parametric and nonparametric framework. A parametric model has modelling assumptions, such as normality, and a finite sample space. A nonparametric approach relaxes modelling assumptions and allows for an infinite sample space; thus, taking into account every possible asymmetric risk-return relationship. Given that South Africa is an emerging market, which is subject to higher levels of volatility, the presence of volatility feedback was expected to be more pronounced. However, contrary to expectations, the test results from both the parametric and nonparametric Bayesian model showed that volatility feedback had an insignificant effect in the South African market. The risk-return relationship was then investigated free from empirical distortions that resulted from volatility feedback. The parametric Bayesian model found a positive risk-return relationship, in line with traditional theoretical expectations. However, the nonparametric Bayesian model found no relationship between risk and return, in line with early South African studies. Since the nonparametric Bayesian approach is more robust than the parametric Bayesian approach, this study concluded that there is no risk-return relationship. Therefore, investors can include South Africa in their investment portfolio with higher risk countries in order to spread their risk and derive diversification benefits. In addition, risk averse investors can find a safe environment within the South African market and earn a return in accordance to their risk tolerance.
Speech Recognition System Implementation of a Method Based on Wave Atom Transform and Frequency-Mel Cepstral Coefficients Using SVM
Authors: Mohamed Walid , Ben Fadhel Yosssra
Published: March 2023

In the field of human-machine interaction, automatic speech recognition (ASR) has been a prominent research area since the 1950s. Single-word speech recognition is widely used in voice command systems, which can be implemented in various applications such as access control systems, robots, and voice-enabled devices. This study describes the implementation of a single-word speech recognition system using wave atoms transform (WAT) and frequency-mel cepstral coefficients (MFCC) on a Raspberry Pi 3 (RPi 3) board. The WAT-MFCC approach is combined with a support vector machine (SVM). The experiment was conducted on an Arabic word database, and the results showed that the proposed WAT-MFCC-SVM method is highly reliable, achieving a detection rate of 100% and a real-time factor (RTF) of 1.50.
Dissemination of Best Practices in Milking Associated With Better Milk Quality
Authors: Tinoco Cynara Mendonça Moreira , Freitas Lays Carvalho
Published: March 2023

In the first stage of the study a literature review was performed, along with a study of the normative instructions (NI) related to the quality of milk, as well as maximum limits of quality indicators, such as somatic cell count (SCC) or standard plate count (SPC) and total bacterial count (TBC). These all represent factors that consequently generate milk quality, as any variation in milk production will affect production costs. The case studies were performed through on site observations at the properties using interview techniques between the researcher and producer, as through the dissemination of knowledge and development of the producers in the application of tools for Quality Improvement for Process Control with milk quality parameters as SPC, SCC and TBC in line with Normative Instruction 62, in force at the time of implementation of the projects in the regions surrounding Goiânia-GO and Pontal-MG, as well as good milking practices.
The Role of Milk Quality in Improvement of Dairy Production
Authors: Júnior Luiz Carlos Roma , Castelani Lívia , Mitsunaga Thatiane Mendes
Published: March 2023

Milk is a complete feed, composed of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals of great importance for human nutrition, in addition to playing a representative role in aspect economy. However, milk production is very affected by market variations, such as production costs, influences of exportation activities of the product and international market. To avoid these challenges, every component in the production chain must focus mainly on the sustainability and profitability of dairy farming, especially the producer, the first link in the chain. In this chapter, the relationship between indexes and different areas of the milk production chain is presented, that could generate information able to aid the sustainability and profitability of dairy farms. Also, it will discuss each of these components and its relation to obtaining the maximum amount of information possible to contribute to the dairy industry.
Quality Requirements Assessed in the Supply of Raw Milk by Brazilian Dairy
Authors: Satolo Eduardo Guilherme , Ferreira Bruna Maria Zumkeller , Mac-Lean Priscilla Ayleen Bustos , Gotardi Juliani Elis Duarte , Santos Isabela Garcia Mendes de Araujo
Published: March 2023

In Brazil the quality required by dairy is established through regulations 76 and 77. This chapter aims to identify the technical quality requirements evaluated in the supply of raw milk by dairy companies located in the state of São Paulo. Using the voice of the customer (VOC) it is possible to identify compatible internal requirements to drive the improvement process. The results indicate the need for actions to raise awareness of the agents involved in the dairy production chain. First, the role of the dairy, in understanding that the legal parameters must be measured and controlled, given the perishability of milk. Second, producers and dairies must understand that superior milk quality results in better quality products, and to achieve this, the actions carried out on the property and evaluated parameters must be worked out through action plans. Finally, that action plans will only be successful if they are carried out in partnership with the rural producer, understanding that the gain will occur if everyone works collectively and not individually along the production chain.
An Outlook on Good Manufacturing Practices in the Dairy Industry
Authors: Rajendran Mohana Priya , Muthuminal R.
Published: March 2023

GMP, termed as good manufacturing practices followed in industries to produce safe and quality product. it was established in the year 1995 by Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Several Rules and Regulations were brought into effect under the FDA in the name of Acts from around 1968. This helps to regulate the cleanliness and product quality in the industrial environment, as it is necessary to maintain the quality of the edible products which will be affected due to the surrounding conditions. The act was implemented in the industry with ten principles which can promote the quality product production which will include the premises & personnel's hygiene, the cleanliness of the raw material section along with processing and storage facilities. As dairy industries plays major role among world population, it is necessary for the industries and the technologist to follow the GMP principles. Hence, at this chapter, the detailed discussion over GMP along with its principles in the fore coming sections.
Adaptive Management Practices for Robust and Profitable Dairy Operations in the Tropics Upon the Uncertainty of Climate Change
Authors: Ortiz-Colón Guillermo
Published: March 2023

One of the greatest challenges of dairying in tropical regions of the world is heat stress. Upon the uncertain effects of climate change might have in dairy cattle productivity in the tropics, intrinsic advantages exhibited by heat tolerant breeds, in combination with adaptive nutritional management for heat stress, and modifications to the tropical environment, could be valuable in the quest to assure a robust and profitable dairy operation in our region. In the American continent, farmers have selected bovines better adapted to the region, like the hot and humid environment of Puerto Rico, where we can find “purebred” Holstein cattle that phenotypically have a very short and slick hair. This chapter intends to present the main managements practices carried out in dairy herds in the tropics upon the climate changes.
Mastitis in Dairy Species
Authors: Rekowsky Bruna Samara dos Santos , Freire de Oliveira Matheus Carvalho , Paim Uiara Moreira , Givanildo da Silva José , Pereira da Costa Marion
Published: March 2023

The milk composition and quality are related to the animal's health (cow, buffalo, goat, and sheep). The mammary gland disease negatively impacts agricultural economies by reducing milk production and quality, treatment costs, discarded milk, and reduced longevity of animals. Therefore, the chapter reports how and which anatomical, physiological, and behavioral differences inherent to each species can influence the occurrence, treatment, and prevention of mastitis. Thus, early detection and antibiotic resistance are essential factors to exploit new detection methods and more natural remedies associated with reducing antimicrobial therapies such as antioxidants, nanoparticles, or essential oils base-plant. Furthermore, healthy animal selection and being genetically resistant to mastitis associated with reasonable hygienic procedures, training programs, and periodic equipment maintenance are crucial steps to ensure the supply of good quality milk and dairy products without risks to the population. In addition, these measures must respect the specificities of each milk-producing species.
Effect of Evaporative Cooling System on Behavior, Milk Yield, and Milk Quality of Holstein Cows in a Tropical Climate
Authors: Titto Cristiane Gonçalves , Titto Evaldo Antonio Lencioni , Titto Rafael Martins , Pereira Alfredo Manuel Franco , Pantoja Messy Hannear de Andrade , Negrão João Alberto
Published: March 2023

In a tropical climate, air temperature can be stressful for Holstein cows throughout the year. This chapter's objective was to determine how the use of ventilation and fogging on a freestall barn can positively change the behavior, milk production, and milk quality of Holstein cows in all seasons. Twenty-eight lactating cows were divided into two groups: cooling group (CG) and non-cooled group (NCG). For different weather patterns throughout the year, behaviors (position, posture, and activity) were observed every 30 min during the day. Milk production was measured and milk samples were collected for analysis of protein, fat, lactose, total solids, and somatic cell count. All animals spent most of the day standing in the shade eating, ruminating, and idling regardless of the season (P<0.05). Also, animals under cooling system showed greater milk production, fat content, and higher somatic cell count (P<0.01). Provision of cooling system during the warmer months of the year proved to be efficiently increasing the feeding time, milk production, and milk quality of lactating cows.
The Importance of Sustainability Indicators in Dairy Farming
Authors: Fabiana da Silva Mirian , Bánkuti Ferenc I.
Published: March 2023

The objective of this research was to assess the perception of agricultural science undergraduate students from Brazilian institutions on dairy farm sustainability indicators. The total number of survey respondents was 351. Undergraduate students from public institutions rated technical and environmental indicators as the most important. Students who had had previous contact with rural production gave lower scores (lower importance) to environmental indicators and higher scores (higher importance) to economic and technical indicators. Agricultural engineering students attributed lower importance (scores) to environmental indicators than agronomic engineering and veterinary medicine students. On the basis of these findings, the authors conclude that the plurality of students' perceptions on dairy farm sustainability indicators is mainly related to concrete on-farm experiences, differences in syllabus between agricultural science courses, and the public or private nature of the educational system.
Tracing the Evolution of Agency Theory in Corporate Governance
Authors: Gwala Ranson Sifiso , Mashau Pfano
Published: March 2023

This chapter aims, firstly, to conduct a literature review on the agency theory, which is the core theory of corporate governance, and secondly, to further strengthen the theory. It is the theory also used in many other fields such as politics, accounting, business, and law. The chapter starts a debate on the link between agency theory and stewardship theory. The literature review is based on peer-reviewed journal articles on the topic by reputable academics focused on agency theory, corporate governance, board characteristics, and ownership structure. The survey of the literature is based on the latest publications in recent years. Agency theory has been growing over time and its use and application in various fields have been extending. However, it has also been criticized for its shortcomings. The limitations it has brought forward have resulted in the stewardship theory addressing some of the shortcomings. The theory has great potential for growth and extension.
Benefits of Information Security Awareness Training Against Phishing Attacks
Authors: Tufan Arzu , Tuna Gurkan
Published: March 2023

Phishing attacks are human-targeted attacks, and it may not always be possible to counter them with technical measures alone. By their nature, humans have a natural weakness of desiring to believe. Cyber attackers who analyze this vulnerability well have been exploiting this in order to achieve success in their respective attack targets. This study focuses on reviewing the benefits of information security awareness training against phishing attacks and aims to provide insight on this through the results of a field study. The field work was carried out in Turkey on four different scenarios on the success of information security trainings against phishing attacks. The data obtained as a result of the field study were compared with the data obtained in international studies, and the maturity of the non-regulated institutions in Turkey against phishing attacks was measured. When the data obtained as a result of the field study were compared with the international results, it was evident that the test group subject to the study exhibited a success below the international values.
Cybersecurity and Cyberbiosecurity Insider Threat Risk Management
Authors: Burrell Darrell Norman , Nobles Calvin , Cusak Austin , Jones Laura Ann , Wright Jorja B. , Mingo Horace C. , Ferreras-Perez Jennifer , Khanta Katrina , Shen Philip , Richardson Kevin
Published: March 2023

This study examines the nature of professionals being insider threats to their own organization, as well as the general increase in harder-to-detect threats coming from an ever-widening acceptance of third-party insiders by organizations that rely on them, such as those in the fields of biomedical sciences, synthetic biology, artificial intelligence, and food production engineering. The current and emerging literature on how individuals are motivated to engage in problematic workplace behaviors as a means of gaining their specific goal or need is examined in this chapter. Following that, the chapter articulates malicious cybersecurity and cyberbiosecurity insider threat indicators and then provides best practices for reducing the risk of these threats in organizations involved in food production engineering, synthetic biology, and artificial intelligence.
Driving Into Cybersecurity Trouble With Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Nobles Calvin , Burrell Darrell Norman , Burton Sharon L. , Waller Tyrone
Published: March 2023

Researchers forecast that autonomous vehicles will reduce accidents by 90%. The ethical interplay of autonomous vehicles, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and societal demands further complicates the governments' decisions on self-driving cars. Autonomous vehicles have safety, economic, and societal benefactors; however, offsetting the unintended consequences of technologies requires governance initiatives to address cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities. At issue is the lack of ethical consideration for autonomous vehicles from a cybersecurity perspective, given the amount of personal and sensitive data created, used, and stored by autonomous vehicles. The advancement of autonomous cars is increasingly reliant on software, consequently making them vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Software vulnerabilities remain a top cyber-attack vector in all industries. The deliberation concerning ethics for autonomous cars is ebb and flow, especially as opposing sides increase arguments as self-driving vehicles reach a reality.
Retaining Generation Z Cybersecurity Talent in Government and Beyond
Authors: Ferreras-Perez Jennifer , Burrell Darrell Norman , Nobles Calvin , Aridi Amalisha Sabie , Richardson Kevin , Khanta Katrina
Published: March 2023

As the world becomes more interconnected, business competition becomes increasingly fierce, making it critical for companies to stay ahead of the curve in the current era of globalization. With a forecasted turnover of 50-75% higher than in previous years and a timeline 18% longer to fill roles than pre-pandemic, employee retention has become essential for organizations. Employee satisfaction is a critical factor for organizational success, as it not only increases perceived productivity but also has a positive impact on overall organizational performance. The introduction of Generation Z (Gen Z) into the workforce has ushered a shift in job requirements, expectations, and needs as Gen Z approaches employment with an outlook different from previous generations. This qualitative study aims to identify the factors that influence recruiting, retention, and job satisfaction in the cybersecurity field with reference to Gen Z in the federal workforce.
Plant Extract-Based Silver Nanoparticles and Their Bioactiviy Investigations
Authors: Perumal Dharshini , Khairuddin Nur Farahah Mohd , Wong Jie Hui , Abdullah Che Azurahanim Che
Published: March 2023

Green synthesised nanoparticles are a new source of inspiration for clinical research, as this method uses natural materials, such as plant-derived materials, for synthesis. Green nanoparticle synthesis using plant extracts is simple, inexpensive, chemicals, resulting in biologically active shape- and size-dependent products with no contaminants or byproducts. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have unique physiochemical properties and promising biological applications. To assess AgNPs' functionality, they must be characterized. Natural compounds found in plant extracts reduce and stabilise AgNPs. Green synthesis is more environmentally friendly than conventional methods, but many questions remain. To understand the plant-mediated process, many studies are needed. This proposed book chapter examines the synthesis, characterization, and bio activities of green-synthesised AgNPs. The goal is to provide an overview of green AgNP synthesis and their bioactivity assessment.
Development and Characterization of As-Deposited CdTe Thin Films in a Non-Aqueous Medium
Authors: Surabhi Sudeshna , Anurag Kumar , Kumar S. R.
Published: March 2023

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a binary II-VI direct band gap semiconducting material. Cadmium telluride is a promising electrochemical and photovoltaic material for thin film solar cells. It shows both p and n type conductivity. A nanocrystalline thin film of CdTe was deposited on nickel plate by chemical bath deposition method containing 0.01M Cadmium acetate and 0.02M tellurium dioxide. The structural, compositional, and optical analysis were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL).The diffraction peak observed at 2=23.59° with (111) plane indicate the crystalline phase of CdTe film. The average crystalline size is measured to be 7nm.Compositional analysis reveals the presence of both Cd and Te elements. The EDS spectroscopy shows the ratio of Cd and Te is1:2 in case of as deposited film. The photoluminescence peak is observed at 471nm.
Study on the Source of E-Waste Management and Disposal Methods
Authors: Harikaran M.  , Boopathi Sampath , Gokulakannan S. , Poonguzhali M.
Published: March 2023

This chapter elaborates on the various e-waste production courses from multiple human activities. The impacts of various e-wastes and human diseases are clearly illustrated. The different methods of e-wastes management methods, such as Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and e-waste recycling practices in India are also explained. The characteristics of e-waste, the quantity of e-waste, the nature of e-waste, the composition of e-waste, non-hazardous wastes, and hazardous wastes have been discussed. As per the deep survey of e-waste management systems, the scope and proposed e-waste management methods have been driven.
Electricity Cost Reduction of Industrial/General Purpose Customers in Sri Lanka using Solar PV and Battery Storage
Authors: Lucas J. R. , Herath S. V.
Published: March 2023

Many solar installations are coming up to harness solar electricity in Sri Lanka, including on rooftops. Since the Industrial and Commercial customers are crucial for the economic activities, utility providers have introduced several tariff schemes for financial motivation to go for Solarphotovoltaics. However, with rooftop Solar PV systems, the management of excess solar generation has become a challenge for the utility provider who shed the excess solar generation to regulate the grid parameters. As a result, return of investment for the rooftop solar systems has been reduced drastically for industrial purpose(IP) and general purpose (GP) customers in Sri Lanka. The real time management of the PV generation can be conducted with the available Loads and the other generating sources, like Diesel Engines and Battery Storage. The maximum demand cost needs to be considered and the unit costs can be calculated based on the LCOE technique to reflect the lifetime costs of each source and optimization technique can be used to dispatch the generation and loads based on the optimum cost. In this paper, the PV generation optimization of Industrial Purpose/ General Purpose customers has been conducted using quadratic optimization technique to reduce the electricity cost. The results of the study show that for two selected GP and IP consumers, the program derives the optimum size of battery capacity for a given installation and the minimum solar generation requirement for the economic benefit.
Identification and Characterization of chCR2, a Protein That Binds Chicken Complement Component 3d
Authors: Jin Huan , Kong ZiMeng , Jiang Bo , Tu Min , Xu Jian , Cheng Jing , Liu Wenxiao , Zhang Zhenhua , Li Yongqing
Published: March 2023

Complement receptor type 2 (CR2) is an important membrane molecule expressed on B cells and follicular dendritic cells. Human CR2 has been shown to play a critical role in bridging the innate complement-mediated immune response with adaptive immunity by binding complement component 3d (C3d). However, the chicken CR2 (chCR2) gene has not been identified or characterized. In this study, unannotated genes that contain short consensus repeat (SCR) domains were analyzed based on RNA sequencing data for chicken bursa lymphocytes, and a gene with >80% homology to CR2 from other bird species was obtained. The gene consisted of 370 aa and was much smaller than the human CR2 gene because 10–11 SCRs were missing. The gene was then demonstrated as a chCR2 that exhibited high binding activity to chicken C3d. Further studies revealed that chCR2 interacts with chicken C3d through a binding site in its SCR1–4 region. An anti-chCR2 mAb that recognizes the epitope 258CKEISCVFPEVQ269 was prepared. Based on the anti-chCR2 mAb, the flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments confirmed that chCR2 was expressed on the surface of bursal B lymphocytes and DT40 cells. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR analyses further indicated that chCR2 is predominantly expressed in the spleen, bursa, and thymus, as well as in PBLs. Additionally, the expression of chCR2 varied according to the infectious bursal disease virus infection status. Collectively, this study identified and characterized chCR2 as a distinct immunological marker in chicken B cells.
Biological survey of lakes and reservoirs from Sardinia and Piedmont (Italy), a georeferenced dataset from the project LIFE INHABIT
Authors: Austoni Martina , Boggero Angela , Kamburska Lyudmila , Lugliè Antonella , Marchetto Aldo , Oggioni Alessandro , Padedda Bachisio M. , Volta Pietro , Zaupa Silvia
Published: March 2023

We report a georeferenced dataset of a biological survey carried out in lakes and reservoirs in Piedmont and Sardinia regions (Italy), that includes fish fauna, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, and phytoplankton. This survey was carried out to test the standardised protocols adopted with the National Decree 260/210 by the Italian Ministry of the Environment, Land and Sea for the assessment of the ecological status of lakes and the ecological potential of reservoirs for satisfying the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC. Occurrence data have been uploaded to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
Квантовая задача Кулона в электрическом поле с гауссовой зависимостью от времени: формализм интеграла по траекториям
Authors: Bedida N , Fadhel S , Difallah Mosbah , Meftah Mohammed Tayeb
Published: March 2023

В рамках нерелятивистской квантовой механики решена задача Кулона с зарядом, зависящим от параметра, играющего в представленном формализме роль времени. Введение такой зависимости может быть необходимо, например, после определенных преобразований пространства-времени, когда речь идет об исследованиях взаимодействия "малой" системы (квантовой подсистемы) с "большой" (скажем, термостатом). С помощью этих преобразований пространства-времени в сочетании с подходом интеграла по траекториям найден фейнмановский пропагатор квантовой подсистемы. Для проверки метода предельным переходом получена чисто кулоновская функция Грина.
Patient, Provider, and Health Systems Factors Leading to Lumbar Puncture Nonperformance in Zambia: A Qualitative Investigation of the “Tap Gap”
Authors: Saylor Deanna , Elafros Melissa , Bearden David , Dallah Ifunanya , Mathews Manoj , Muchanga Godfrey , Mwale Mwangala , Mwenechanya Musaku , Siddiqi Omar K. , Winch Peter J. , Somwe Somwe wa , Birbeck Gretchen L.
Published: March 2023

Lumbar puncture (LP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnostics are critical for evaluating central nervous system infections but are often not conducted, resulting in the “Tap Gap.” To investigate patient, provider, and health systems factors contributing to the Tap Gap in Zambia, we conducted focus group discussions with adult caregivers of hospitalized inpatients and in-depth interviews with nurses, clinicians, pharmacy workers, and laboratory staff. Transcripts were independently thematically categorized by two investigators using inductive coding. We identified seven patient-related factors: 1) alternative understandings of CSF; 2) alternative information about LPs, including misinformation; 3) mistrust of doctors; 4) consent delays; 5) fear of blame; 6) peer pressure against consent; and 7) association between LP and stigmatized conditions. Four clinician-related factors were identified: 1) limited LP knowledge and expertise, 2) time constraints, 3) delays in LP requests by clinicians, and 4) fear of blame for bad outcomes. Finally, five health systems-related factors were identified: 1) supply shortages, 2) constrained access to neuroimaging, 3) laboratory factors, 4) availability of antimicrobial medications, and 5) cost barriers. Efforts to improve LP uptake must incorporate interventions to increase patient/proxy willingness to consent and improve clinician LP competencies while addressing both upstream and downstream health system factors. Key upstream factors include inconsistently available consumables for performing LPs and lack of neuroimaging. Critical downstream factors include laboratory services that offer poor availability, reliability, and/or timeliness of CSF diagnostics and the reality that medications needed to treat diagnosed infections are often unavailable unless the family has resources to purchase privately.