bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Dextran-Sodium-Sulfate-Induced Enteritis on Murine Cytomegalovirus Reactivation
Authors: Jentzer Alexandre , Fauteux-Daniel Sébastien , Verhoeven Paul , Cantais Aymeric , Novoa Melyssa Yaugel , Jospin Fabienne , Chanut Blandine , Rochereau Nicolas , Bourlet Thomas , Roblin Xavier , Pozzetto Bruno , Pillet Sylvie
Published: November 2022

(1) Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation of the intestines, which participates in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reactivation from its latent reservoir. CMV-associated colitis plays a pejorative role in the clinical course of UC. We took advantage of a model of chemically induced enteritis to study the viral reactivation of murine CMV (MCMV) in the context of gut inflammation. (2) Methods: Seven-week-old BALB/c mice were infected by 3 × 103 plaque-forming units (PFU) of MCMV; 2.5% (w/v) DSS was administered in the drinking water from day (D) 30 to D37 post-infection to induce enteritis. (3) Results: MCMV DNA levels in the circulation decreased from D21 after infection until resolution of the acute infection. DSS administration resulted in weight loss, high disease activity index, elevated Nancy index shortening of the colon length and increase in fecal lipocalin. However, chemically induced enteritis had no impact on MCMV reactivation as determined by qPCR and immunohistochemistry of intestinal tissues. (4) Conclusions: Despite the persistence of MCMV in the digestive tissues after the acute phase of infection, the gut inflammation induced by DSS did not induce MCMV reactivation in intestinal tissues, thus failing to recapitulate inflammation-driven HCMV reactivation in human UC.
Current Epidemiology and Co-Infections of Avian Immunosuppressive and Neoplastic Diseases in Chicken Flocks in Central China
Authors: Zheng Lu-Ping , Teng Man , Li Gui-Xi , Zhang Wen-Kai , Wang Wei-Dong , Liu Jin-Ling , Li Lin-Yan , Yao Yongxiu , Nair Venugopal , Luo Jun
Published: November 2022

The avian immunosuppressive and neoplastic diseases caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), avian leucosis virus (ALV), and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) are seriously harmful to the global poultry industry. In recent years, particularly in 2020–2022, outbreaks of such diseases in chicken flocks frequently occurred in China. Herein, we collected live diseased birds from 30 poultry farms, out of 42 farms with tumour-bearing chicken flocks distributed in central China, to investigate the current epidemiology and co-infections of these viruses. The results showed that in individual diseased birds, the positive infection rates of MDV, ALV, and REV were 69.5% (203/292), 14.4% (42/292), and 4.7% (13/277), respectively, while for the flocks, the positive infection rates were 96.7% (29/30), 36.7% (11/30), and 20% (6/30), respectively. For chicken flocks, monoinfection of MDV, ALV, or REV was 53.3% (16/30), 3.3% (1/30), and 0% (0/30), respectively, but a total of 43.3% (13/30) co-infections was observed, which includes 23.3% (7/30) of MDV+ALV, 10.0% (3/30) of MDV+REV, and 10.0% (3/30) of MDV+ALV+REV co-infections. Interestingly, no ALV+REV co-infection or REV monoinfection was observed in the selected poultry farms. Our data indicate that the prevalence of virulent MDV strains, partially accompanied with ALV and/or REV co-infections, is the main reason for current outbreaks of avian neoplastic diseases in central China, providing an important reference for the future control of disease.
Chitinase-3-like Protein 1 Is Associated with Poor Virologic Control and Immune Activation in Children Living with HIV
Authors: Bernard Isabelle , Ransy Doris G. , Brophy Jason , Kakkar Fatima , Bitnun Ari , Samson Lindy , Read Stanley , Soudeyns Hugo , Hawkes Michael T. ,   EPIC4 Study Group
Published: November 2022

Perinatally infected children living with HIV (CLWH) face lifelong infection and associated inflammatory injury. Chitinase-like 3 protein-1 (CHI3L1) is expressed by activated neutrophils and may be a clinically informative marker of systemic inflammation in CLWH. We conducted a multi-centre, cross-sectional study of CLWH, enrolled in the Early Pediatric Initiation Canadian Child Cure Cohort Study (EPIC4). Plasma levels of CHI3L1, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and markers of microbial translocation were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Longitudinal clinical characteristics (viral load, neutrophil count, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts, and antiretroviral (ARV) regimen) were abstracted from patient medical records. One-hundred-and-five (105) CLWH (median age 13 years, 62% female) were included in the study. Seventy-seven (81%) had viral suppression on combination antiviral therapy (cART). The median CHI3L1 level was 25 μg/L (IQR 19–39). CHI3L1 was directly correlated with neutrophil count (ρ = 0.22, p = 0.023) and inversely correlated with CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio (ρ = −0.35, p = 0.00040). Children with detectable viral load had higher levels of CHI3L1 (40 μg/L (interquartile range, IQR 33–44) versus 24 μg/L (IQR 19–35), p = 0.0047). CHI3L1 levels were also correlated with markers of microbial translocation soluble CD14 (ρ = 0.26, p = 0.010) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (ρ = 0.23, p = 0.023). We did not detect differences in CHI3L1 between different cART regimens. High levels of neutrophil activation marker CHI3L1 are associated with poor virologic control, immune dysregulation, and microbial translocation in CLWH on cART.
A Pilot Study on the Urine Proteome of Cats Fed a High-Protein Complete Diet, Supplemented with or without Arginine, Ornithine or Zeolite
Authors: Paßlack Nadine , Nöbauer Katharina , Hummel Karin , Razzazi-Fazeli Ebrahim , Belik Vitaly , Zentek Jürgen
Published: November 2022

Proteome analyses can be used to detect biomarkers for the healthy and diseased organism. However, data in cats are scarce, and no information is available on the potential impact of nutritional interventions on the feline urine proteome. In the present study, a label-free shotgun proteomics approach was performed to investigate the urinary proteins of four healthy adult cats. Each animal received a high-protein complete diet without (w/o) or with supplements that could affect the protein metabolism: arginine (+100% compared to the arginine concentration in the w/o diet), ornithine (+200% compared to the arginine concentration in the w/o diet) or zeolite (0.375 g/kg body weight/day). Our results demonstrate a huge number of proteins in the urine of cats (516 ± 49, 512 ± 39, 399 ± 149 and 455 ± 134 in the w/o, arginine, ornithine and zeolite group, respectively), which are associated with several biological processes. In addition, up- and downregulated urinary proteins could be detected in the dietary supplementation periods. Overall, the present pilot study provides basic data on the urine proteome of healthy adult cats. With increasing information, the numerousness of urinary proteins implies the potential to identify biomarkers and metabolic pathways in the feline organism.
Pembelajaran Teater Modern Menggunakan Metode Drill Di Sekolah Menegah Atas Islam Az – Zahrah Palembang
Authors: Putri Nur Anisa , Dhony Nugroho Notosutanto Arhon , Adoma Auzy Madona
Published: November 2022

Modern theater learning is one of the cultural arts learning materials at Islamic Senior High School Az – Zahrah Palembang. The drilling method is a way of teaching by doing training activities continuously to gain dexterity and skills. This study aims to describe the learning process of modern theater using the drill method in class XI at SMA Islam Az – Zahrah Palembang. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study on teachers and 33 students of class XI, showed that modern theater learning using the drill method went well.
Pembelajaran Tari Zapin Lancang Kuning Menggunakan Metode Drill di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Ujan Mas
Authors: Pasaribu Egretha Try Tianti , Yelli Nofroza , Ilhaq Muhsin
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the learning process of the Zapin Lancang Kuning dance using the drill method in class X SMA Negeri 1 Ujan Mas. This research method is a qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation. In collecting data, the researcher observed directly the learning process in the classroom both regarding teachers and students starting from the preparation, implementation and evaluation stages of learning. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Ujan Mas in class X IPA 3 with a total of 36 students consisting of 13 boys and 23 girls. The method used by the teacher is the drill method, in which the teacher in terms of learning is first provided with theory by the teacher plus also showing dance videos as a medium in learning so that students are interested and respond to learning. The teacher demonstrates the dance moves in front of the students and then remains guided by the teacher, students are asked to practice with repeated exercises so that they become proficient and skilled. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the Zapin Lancang Kuning dance learning in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Ujan Mas is categorized as good, judging from the results of the evaluation of students who get scores in the good category range of 24 people and very good category 12 people.
Karya Tari Sang Misionaris : Interpretasi Karya Misi Paulus Tjen On Ngiedi Keuskupan Pangkalpinang
Authors: Rochayati Rully , Purwaningsari Dewi
Published: November 2022

The Missionary is a dance work which is an interpretation of the work of Paulus Tjen On Ngie’s mission in the Pangkalpinang diocese area. The purpose of realizing this dance work is as an expression of his journey in proclaiming the gospel. The purpose of writing is as a from af accountability for the work. In addition, it is necessary to provide knowledge about the background of the work. The process of creating this dance creation methods, namely exploration, improvisasion, giving shape, and evaluation. These stages are combined with observations, interviewer, and documentation to strengthen the process of creating dance work. Related to this method, literature studies and recording in the from of videos or pictures are also carried out during the process is a dance work with a duration of 08.40 minutes. The from of dance work is very completeconsistingof title, dance moves, number of dancer, floor patterns, dance accompaniment mucis, dance properties, make-up, fashion, stage area, lighting.Overall this dance work is formed with a mature and planned concept and is complete according to the needs of the dance itself.
A EVOLUÇÃO SEMIÓTICA DOS PERSONAGENS EM AKIRA, DE KATSUHIRO OTOMO
Authors: Elias da Costa Klinsman , Alves Magaldi Carolina
Published: November 2022

Busca-se, neste artigo, a apresentação de uma análise das histórias em quadrinhos utilizando a perspectiva de que a imagem construída nesse tipo de manifestação artística apresenta um peso narrativo tão grande quanto e costumeiramente maior do que os significados estruturados através do texto escrito. O trabalho tem o mangá Akira (1982), de Katsuhiro Otomo, como objeto de análise, e foca em quatro personagens com papel importante para a produção e evolução semiótica da trama: Akira, Tetsuo, Kaneda e Shikishima.
A voz do texto poético e a androginia sob a ótica da écriture féminine: um diálogo entre Virginia Woolf e Hélène Cixous
Authors: Muniz Pivanti Mariana
Published: November 2022

O presente texto investigará como a questão da androginia em Virginia Woolf e a écriture féminine de Hélène Cixous convergem no que diz respeito à vocalidade e aos sons que penetram o texto poético. O texto recorrerá à noção de chora materna da filósofa Adriana Cavarero para relacionar o prazer vocálico à figura materna, e defenderá que esse traço materno e ancestral permanece no inconsciente adulto através de sons indomados. Assim, o texto poético consegue engendrar um sujeito andrógino e desestabilizar as regras do discurso patriarcal.
Some ecological observations on the Purple Heron in the Camargue
Authors: Williams Graham
Published: November 2022

L’histoire du Héron pourpré en Camargue, son cycle annuel, sa reproduction, son comportement alimentaire et son alimentation sont étudiés sur la base des observations de l’auteur en 1957 et d’après les données de la bibliographie.

Quoique nichant en Camargue depuis longtemps, le Héron pourpré semble y avoir augmenté depuis vingt ans et le nombre des couples nicheurs doit dépasser largement un millier.

Les Hérons pourprés arrivent en Camargue dès la fin mars, mais surtout en avril. Ils la quittent de juillet à septembre, la plupart en août. Les jeunes de l’année au moins s’envolent dans toutes les directions, mais rejoignent ensuite probablement l’Afrique tropicale, qui doit être le quartier d’hiver des oiseaux camarguais. L’hivernage en Camargue est exceptionnel.

L’espèce niche en petites colonies de moins de dix à plus de cent couples, généralement dans les roselières jeunes, pas trop denses. Le nid est une plateforme en tiges de roseaux d’un diamètre dépassant souvent un mètre et situé généralement de trente à cent vingts centimètres au-dessus du plan d’eau. La construction débute par le tassement des tiges sur place ; des roseaux sont ensuite souvent apportés de loin pour consolider l’édifice. La ponte a lieu dès fin avril, mais elle s’échelonne sur plus d’un mois. Dès l’âge de dix à douze jours, les poussins quittent souvent le nid pour des excursions dans le voisinage. Les fortes pluies semblent être le facteur principal de mortalité parmi les poussins. Le nombre d’œufs par ponte varie selon les endroits et les saisons et semble avoir été particulièrement faible en Camargue en 1957 (Moyennes pour la France (Mayaud) , 5,1 ; pour la Suisse (Manuel), 4,1 ; pour la Camargue 1957 (Williams), 3,3).

Le Héron pourpré chasse à l’affût le long des fossés ou dans la zone de bordure des marais ouverts. Poissons, grenouilles et de grands insectes aquatiques sont les proies principales. Les prairies irriguées attirent les Hérons à la recherche des courtilières, tandis que les rizières ne sont que rarement visitées. Dans les eaux saumâtres la proie principale est l’anguille.

L’analyse des estomacs et pelotes de poussins montre une prépondérance d’insectes (Coléoptères et Courtilières), moins de Poissons et peu de Grenouilles. Il est probable que des poussins plus âgés reçoivent davantage de poissons. Les poussins sont nourris pendant toute la journée, mais surtout le matin et vers le soir.
Un facteur de mortalité mal connu, l’asphyxie par gaz toxiques naturels au parc national Albert, Congo
Authors: Verschuren Jacques
Published: November 2022

The numerous instances of the destruction by volcanic gases of large numbers of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibia and insects in the Albert National Park in the Congo are reviewed by the author on the basis of observations made by him between 1957 and 1961.

Such asphyxiations occur at definite places which are known by the vernacular name of «masukus», meaning places of gas discharge, and the characteristics of these areas and the lists of dead animals found in them are given.

The gas responsible for the killings is carbon dioxide ; and the fact that the discharge is not continuous increases the effectiveness of these «natural gas chambers» as animals would soon learn to avoid a place of continuous discharge. Experiments carried out with domestic animals show that immobilization occurs with great rapidity, and that these CO2 pockets are lethal even to birds and bats which fly into them.

The «masukus» are not completely sterile as some plants manage to thrive in them. They have undoubtedly played a role in the building up of some fossil deposits, and it is interesting to speculate that they may well account for the legend of «elephant cemeteries» which persists in so many parts of Africa.
Les migrateurs paléarctiques au Sénégal. II. Passereaux et synthèse générale
Authors: Morel Gérard J. , Roux Francis
Published: November 2022

This article reports the results of several years of faunistic and ecological research on palearctic migratory birds in Senegal. Most of the data was collected in the north portion of the country in full Sahelian zone. The major environments studied are described and the representative migratory elements of their avifauna indicated.

Each species is then considered separately under several aspects : systematic, dates of presence, habitat, relative abundance and diet when known. The banding information has been included.

The number of palearctic species «wintering» in Senegal is considerable : 150, or over a third of the total known avifauna of the region. It appears from this fact, that wintering in West Africa is qualitatively comparable to what it is in East Africa, regarded till now as a privileged zone.

Several unknown or rarely mentionned species of tropical Western Africa have been observed and collected. Among them : Porzana porzana, P. pusilla, P. parva, Burhinus oedicnemus, Larus audouinii, Otus scops, Caprimulgus ruficollis, Locust ella tusci-nioides, L. naevia, Acrocephalus schenobaenus, Luscinia svecica, Emberiza hortulana.

Emphasis is placed on the particularly abundant species : Ciconia ciconia, Anas querquedula, Milvus m. migrans, Philomachus pugnax, Limosa limosa, Streptopelia turtur, Motacilla flava, etc., as well as those with a still ambiguous status : Ixobrychus m, minutas, Plegadis falcinellus, Gallinula chl. chloropus, Glareola pratincola, Clamator glandarius, etc. During their migrations, while some species only rapidly cross the region studied : Cuculus canorus, Apus apus, Merops apiaster, Sylvia borin, Phylloscopus trochilus, Muscicapa striata, Ficedula hypoleuca, Saxicola rubetra, etc., others are absent only during a period equal to or under two months, Tringa ssp, Philomachus pugnax, Lanius senator, etc., ; others finally leave representatives all year round : Limosa limosa, Himantopus himantopus, Hippolais pallida, for exemple.

Banding results and morphological examination tend to show that most of the migrants come from northern and western Europe. However the contribution of palearctic Africa is not to be underrated : Falco biarmicus erlangeri, Buteo rufinus cirtensis, Capri-mulgus aegyptus saharae, Oenanthe oe. seebohmi, etc. Some species originate from eastern Europe or Asia : Circus macrourus, Tringa stagnatilis, Oenanthe isabellina, and others come from Greenland : Charadrius h. hiaticula, Oenanthe oe. leucorhoa.

Local banding revealed, on the other hand, that some species regularly return to the same wintering sites. This is the case for Motacilla alba, Hippolais pallida, Sylvia cantillans, Phylloscopus collybita and Phoenicurus phoenicurus.
Les oiseaux tropicaux élèvent-ils autant de jeunes qu’ils peuvent en nourrir ? Le cas du Lagonosticta senegala
Authors: Morel Marie-Yvonne
Published: November 2022

L’étude de 316 couvées de Lagonosticta senegala (240 normales et 76 parasitées par la Veuve Hypochera chalybeata) dans la région de Richard Toll (Sénégal) montre que les parents Amarantes peuvent facilement élever des couvées mixtes plus nombreuses et plus lourdes que leurs couvées normales. La taille des pontes de ce Passereau tropical ne semble donc pas être limitée par les ressources alimentaires du milieu, ni par les possibilités de nourrissage des parents. Un phénomène analogue a été décrit autrefois par Mrs Nice chez le Melospiza melodia parasité par le Molothrus ater.
Cycle annuel des effectifs et des biomasses d’arthropodes de la strate herbacée
Authors: Gillon Yves , Gillon Dominique
Published: November 2022

From October 1964 to March 1966 the population size and biomass of Arthropods living in the litter and grass layers (ants and termites excluded) have been estimated. The seasonal trends for each major taxonomic group of primary and secondary consumers are shown on figures 1 and 2. Broadly speaking, insect and spider populations are greatly reduced during the dry season and reach their lowest level just after the bush fires ; then they increase during the rains to reach their peak values at a time which varies from one group to another.
Etude comparative de la résistance à la chaleur d’Uromastix acanthinurus et de Varanus griseus
Authors: Grenot Claude
Published: November 2022

Field experiments have been conducted in the Algerian Sahara to test the ability of two lizards of about the same size Uro-mastix acanthinurus and Varanus griseus, to regulate their body temperature when exposed to sun in conditions preventing any behavioral regulation.

Both species are able, through increased ventilation, to prevent a too rapid increase of body temperature, but physiological regulation is more efficient in Varanus than in Uromastix. The Sand monitor is able, even in the hottest part of the day, to keep its body temperature at a more or less constant level (42° C) for up to 4 hours, in contrast with Uromastix which is not able to do this. Young Uromastix are able to resist heat stress much better than adults.
Notes éthologiques sur quelques Carnivores malgaches : le Galidia elegans I. Geoffroy
Authors: Albignac Roland
Published: November 2022

In Madagascar, Galidia elegans tills an ecological niche similar to those occupied by the mongooses of the African continent. They have a roughly similar diet and share the same behaviour pattern of hurdling hard objects between their hindlimbs with species of Herpestes, Atilax, Mungos and Helogale.

On the other hand, Galidia elegans appears to be more arboreal and less social than most mongooses. Unlike many Viverrids it has only one young a year.
Observations éco-éthologiques sur les lémuriens malgaches du genre Hapalemur
Authors: Petter J-J , Peyrieras A.
Published: November 2022

Au cours de deux missions récentes à Madagascar, une étude du genre Hapalémur a pu être entreprise sur le terrain. Elle a été complétée par l’observation d’animaux captifs à Madagascar et au Laboratoire d’Ecologie du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle à Brunoy.

Deux formes ont été reconnues, dont la répartition géographique, l’habitat et l’alimentation dans la nature diffèrent mais dont la locomotion, les postures, le rythme d’activité, la vie sociale, les moyens d’intercommunications, la reproduction et le comportement en face des prédateurs semblent assez comparables.

Des élevages en captivité d'Hapalémur griseus ont pu montrer les possibilités d’adaptation de ces animaux et ont permis de les comparer à Lemur macaco, d’étudier leurs moyens d’intercommunication et d’observer leur reproduction.

Cette étude permet de mieux différencier les Hapalémur des autres Lémuriens malgaches. Ils en diffèrent principalement par les caractères du milieu qu’ils fréquentent, leur réaction de fuite, leurs postures, leur locomotion, leur régime, leur vie sociale, leurs moyens d’intercommunication et leur reproduction. Ces caractères permettent probablement une meilleure défense contre les prédateurs.
Production et bilan énergétique sur la Limace rouge
Authors: Stern Geneviève
Published: November 2022

La croissance d’Arion rufus, soumis à une température moyenne de 15° C, à une humidité relative de 100 p. cent et à une photopériode de 12 heures d’intensité 500 lux, dure environ cinquante-deux semaines. Pendant cette période, pour une production de matière équivalant à 5,7 Kcal, la quantité d’énergie ingérée s’élève à 28,3 Kcal dont 74 p. cent sont effectivement assimilés. La quantité d’énergie dissipée pour le maintien du métabolisme d’entretien et d’activité de l’individu en croissance s’élève à 15,3 Kcal. Ainsi, le coût énergétique de la synthèse de matière vivante est de 4,96 Kcal par Kcal de matière organique produite. Au total, 20 p. cent de l’énergie ingérée et 27 p. cent de l’énergie assimilée servent à la production de la matière vivante.
Besoins énergétiques de quelques Crocidures (insectivores) de Côte d’ivoire
Authors: Hunkeler Claudine , Hunkeler Pierre
Published: November 2022

Les auteurs ont mesuré les besoins énergétiques de 4 espèces de Crocidura de basse Côte d’ivoire par pesée de la nourriture ingérée par des sujets adultes en équilibre de poids. Les résultats obtenus sont généralement plus faibles que ceux mesurés par d’autres auteurs chez des Insectivores des régions tempérées.
Répartition de la végétation dans la savane pré-forestière
Authors: Duviard Dominique , Dugerdil Marc , Bonvallot Jacques
Published: November 2022

The vegetation of the Lamto area has been studied along transects linking the gallery forest to the savanna plateau. The counting strips, 20 metres wide and 200 to 460 metres long, were subdivided into a succession of quadrats 20x20 m. In each of these quadrats trees and shrubs were counted and the grass layer sampled. Results are shown on folding pages 1 to 5.

Within the study area four different types of savanna are found, grass savanna, shrub savanna, tree savanna and savanna woodland. The shrub savanna in predominant. The relationships between these vegetation types, topography and soils are discussed.
Le peuplement avien. Essai d’étude quantitative.
Authors: Thiollay Jean-Marc
Published: November 2022

The avifauna of the Lamto area has been studied during a two year period. 263 species have been recorded and the habitat preferences, diet, breeding periodicity and fecundity of the major species studied. 43 % of the birds are forest species. Only very few of them are abundant, eight species accounting for half of the total numbers of birds counted. Migrants are numerous in the savanna ; one third of them are palearctic passerines, while local migrants are represented mainly by non-passerine families. 90 % of the species are more or less omnivorous, but all migrants show a distinct preference for insect food. Breeding occurs throughout the year : among the 124 commoner species, 62 % breed during the rains and 23 % during the dry season. Fecundity is low and the same female seldom reproduces twice during the year.

Counts have been made regularly on a line-transect 12.5 km long and 40 m wide. Monthly variations of numbers and biomasses are given in tables V and VI. Contrary to the situation further North, seasonal variations are small in the forest-savanna mosaic. There are two peaks : the first one, from February to May, corresponds to an influx of northern migrants ; the second, from July to September, is attributable to the natural increase of sedentary species and an influx of fruit-eaters. Minimum values are found in December, at the beginning of the dry season. The average yearly biomass of birds for the Lamto savanna is in the order of 1 kg/ha (fresh weight).
La nage chez les Cercopithèques arboricoles du Gabon
Authors: Gautier-Hion A. , Gauthier Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2022

Des observations in natura et en captivité ont montré qu’au nord-est du Gabon, deux espèces de Cercopithecidae présentaient une affinité particulière pour l’eau : le Talapoin Miopithecus talapoin et le Cercopithèque de Brazza Cercopithecus neglectus. Pour ces deux Primates, capables de nage spontanée et soutenue, l’eau est un élément de protection non négligeable. Les jeunes des deux espèces paraissent aussi être attirés par elle et y jouent volontiers. Les implications écologiques de cette attirance par l’eau et de cette aptitude à la nage sont brièvement discutées.
Quelques données sur les Lézards (Lacerta viridis et L. agilis) marques à la pointe d’Arçay (Vendée)
Authors: Spitz F.
Published: November 2022

In a tidal marsh along the Vendee coast, a programme of rodent trapping enabled the study of a Lizard community comprising two species : Lacerta viridis and L. agilis. Individuals were weighed, marked and released. The two species were active from April to August. They shared, without apparent competition, a common hunting area ; this seems referable to a slight difference in activity hours and preferential activity zones. A narrow barrier beach, always above sea-level, is used as a wintering area and, at least by L. viridis, for night resting places during summer. There is a tendency among recaptured individuals to use a restricted (20-30 m diameter) activity range. Some individuals of the two species have been recaptured in two successive summers.
Recherches écologiques dans la savane de Lamto (Côte-d’Ivoire) : Observations préliminaires sur le peuplement aranéologique
Authors: Blandin Patrick
Published: November 2022

The distribution and density of different families of spiders were enumerated at monthly intervals in burnt and unburnt savanna areas at Lamto in the Ivory Coast. In both burnt and unburnt areas, considerable inter-family differences were recorded in the times at which peak numbers were attained. Throughout the year, spider densities in burnt savanna were lower than in unburnt areas.
Notes éthologiques sur quelques Carnivores malgaches : le Mungotictis lineata Pocock
Authors: Albignac Roland
Published: November 2022

Mungotictis lineata occupies, with Galidia elegans, a similar ecological niche in Madagascar to the mongooses in Africa and Asia ; the species even uses the same technique as mongooses for breaking-open eggs. M. lineata, which greatly resembles the asiatic Herpestes javanicus, is very unevenly distributed in deciduous forests on sandy soil in the West of Madagascar. Like G. elegans, the species lives in pairs and produces only one young per year.
Introduction
Authors: Bourlière François
Published: November 2022

The Sahel (dry thornbush savana) of Africa is one of the simplest tropical ecosystems. Its biotic community comprises a small number of plant and animal species and its climate is characterized by a single and short rainy season followed by a long period of drought. This ecosystem has not been drastically modified by man, except for the replacement in some areas of most large wild ungulates by domestic species.

The «Ferlo septentrional» in Northern Senegal (fig. 1) has been selected as a suitable area for long-term ecological studies, as its vegetation and fauna were reasonably well known and the proximity of the Richard-Toll field station (tig. 2) afforded logistic facilities. Furthermore the region is only partially inhabited by nomadic cattle herders (Fulani), whose herds have an average standing crop biomass of about 30 Kg/ha (fresh weight). This facilitates comparison of «wild » and «managed » components of the same ecosystem type.

A field base has been established at Fété Olé (fig. 3), close to the one square-kilometer reference quadrat, located outside the area regularly visited by fulani cattle herds. All the data presented in this first set of papers have been gathered within this quadrat, or in the 100 Km2 area surrounding it.

The ORSTOM/SAHEL Project forms part of the French contribution to the International Riological Programme (PT Sec¬ tion) and the support given by the ORSTOM (French Overseas Research Organization) is gratefully aknowledged. Investigations will be continued for a further two years, and progress reports
Contamination des milieux aquatiques par les résidus des produits phytosanitaires
Authors: Heurteaux Pierre , Mestres R. , Vaquer André
Published: November 2022

Results are given of a two year study on the pollution by pesticide-residues of the aquatic environment in the Camargue.

The agricultural techniques employed, notably in rice-growing (intensive and extensive irrigation, chemical control of pests) threaten the whole aquatic environment in the Camargue with pollution, particularly the lakes situated in the «Réserve Natu- relie Zoologique et Botanique ». These pollutants originate from the Rhône river and from agricultural treatments using herbicides and insecticides.

Herbicide studies have proved difficult to conduct and results obtained to date are too fragmentary to allow a clear interpretation.

More detailed results on insecticides show that water pollution is still very low but that the accumulation of organo-chlorides at the different trophic levels of the ecosystem presents a real threat.

The pesticides most frequently recorded are alpha HCH (BHC) (Rhone origin) and gamma HCH (Rhone and agricultural origin). Detectable doses of DDT are less frequently recorded. Other residues are only suspected in water because of their presence in animal tissues (dieldrin). Lastly, others are only revealed during the period when crops are treated (organophosphates and especially parathion) or as a result of very particular circumstances (polychlorocamphene) .

The presence of polychlorobiphenyls in the environment raises a special problem. They probably have a mixed origin (Rhone and commercial types of agricultural pesticides where they serve as an adjuvant). These very stable organochlorides are accumulated at relatively high rates in sediments as well as in aquatic plants and animals, and present a real danger to the conservation of natural habitats.

The conciliation of agriculture and nature conservation in the Camargue is dependent on two conditions : return into the Rhone of all run-off water from crops, at present discharged into the «Etang du Vaccarès », and research into cultural methods which produce less pollution than those in current use.
La nidification des flamants en 1970-1971
Authors: Johnson Alan
Published: November 2022

En 1970 et 1971, malgré le faible nombre de couples nicheurs, les Flamants ont connu un bon succès de reproduction : 280 jeunes élevés en 1970 et 1 500 environ en 1971. En 1970, il est fort probable qu’une autre colonie plus importante, probablement en Afrique du Nord, ait abouti à une réussite d’élevage puisque un certain nombre de jeunes de l’année ont été observés en Camargue avant le départ de nos jeunes.

L’îlot de nidification choisi durant ces deux années n’a pas été utilisé par les Flamants depuis trente à quarante ans. Nous proposons que cette localité reste anonyme et l’appelons ic,i l’Etang A. Les flamants y ont cohabité avec plusieurs espèces de laro-limicoles, y compris les Goélands. A l’écart des intrusions humaines les colonies ont pu jouir de la tranquillité qui leur est nécessaire et les deux saisons de reproduction se sont déroulées d’une façon régulière.

Aucun baguage n’a été effectué.
Dynamique de certains groupements de collemboles
Authors: Poinsot-Balaguer Nicole
Published: November 2022

Study of the dynamics of Collembola groups in the Camargue illustrates well the role of abiotic factors (content of water and salt). In the sansouire, the Thero-Brachy podium which has a very low salt content, supports by far the richest association, both in qualitative and quantitative terms. It contains not only exclusively deltaic species, but also so-called «provençales» species. In the more saline Salicornietum, the Collembola populations show only a simple impoverishment compared with the Thero-Brachypodium. All species found in the Salicornietum are also present in the Thero-Brachypodium. Similarly, the Arthrocnemetum supports lower populations that the other two areas. Salt plays a primary role in the distribution of Collembola, though its effect is somewhat counterbalanced by the presence of stretches of water. In fact, the areas of Arthrocnemetum situated at the edge of temporary pools are slightly richer in species than those areas which are never covered by water. Halophilic Collembola are not present but there are eurytopic species which can withstand very high salt concentrations. These observations support those made by Palissa in saline biotopes on the Baltic coast.

The zonation of Collembola populations around the brackish flats in the Camargue may be extended to all inundated and littoral zones. Water surfaces and edges are populated by thalas-sobiontic or hygrophvllic species. As one moves away from these areas, these first species disappear and are replaced by pioneer species, generally ubiquitous in nature, which are characteristic of the neighbouring biotopes which are always present behind the instable zones.
Déplacements saisonniers des Fous de Bassan de l’ile Bonaventure (Canada)
Authors: Moisan Gaston , Scherrer Bruno
Published: November 2022

Plus de 11000 jeunes Fous de Bassan (Sula bassana) ont été bagués sur l’Ile Bonaventure (48°3’N., 64°1’W., Province Québec) et 417 retours ont été enregistrés et analysés. La distribution géographique des retours indique que la voie de migration des Fous de Bassan est exclusivement côtière. En automne, peu après la fin de la reproduction, juvéniles, sous-adultes et adultes partent ensemble vers les latitudes chaudes, au moment où leurs proies migrent vers le large et avant que les conditions météorologiques soient très défavorables. La migration vers le sud, très régulière et progressive s’effectue à la vitesse de 15 à 20 milles par jour. Les juvéniles et les sous-adultes atteignent généralement le Golfe du Mexique alors que les adultes ne dépassent pas habituellement la côte Est de la Floride. La migration de retour qui s’amorce dès février chez les adultes, près d’un mois plus tard chez les sous-adultes et deux mois chez les juvéniles, est en moyenne plus rapide (35 à 70 milles par jour) que celle d’automne.

Les adultes arrivent sur les sites de nidification dès la mi-avril quand les conditions météorologiques sont encore très sévères et quand les tout premiers bancs de poissons de surface apparaissent au large des côtes. Cette arrivée précoce des adultes s’explique par la durée de l’incubation (44 jours) et par la nécessité d’élever les jeunes quand la nourriture est abondante. Les sous-adultes et surtout les juvéniles arrivent dans les quartiers de reproduction quand le climat s’adoucit et quand le poisson abonde.
Les grands mammifères du Parc National de Taï, Côte d’ivoire
Authors: Monfort Alain , Monfort Nicole
Published: November 2022

The Taï forest in Western Ivory Coast is the last sizeable refuge of a number of endemic Western African mammals, three of which being on the IUCN list of endangered species.

Ten species of primates have so far been observed in this area : 2 prosimians, 3 species of guenons (Cercopithecus) , 3 species of Colobus monkeys, one mangabey (Cercocebus ) and the Chimpanzee. The Diana monkey is the most frequently observed species of guenons ; it often forms mixed troops with red, and black and white, colobus monkeys.

Fifteen species of ungulates have been recorded, including pigmy hippopotamus, zebra duiker, Jenkink’s duiker and five other species of genus Cephalophus.
Recherches écologiques sur une savane sahélienne du Ferlo septentrional , Sénégal : Données quantitatives sur les Ténébrionides
Authors: Gillon Dominique , Gillon Yves
Published: November 2022

Principaux constituants de la biomasse des insectes de la strate herbacée du Ferlo septentrional, les Ténébrionides sont étudiés quantitativement au niveau spécifique.

Pimelia senegalensis, Vieta senegalensis, Zophosis trilineata, Zophosis quadrilineata et Diodontes porcatus sont les principaux représentants de la famille. Ils en constituent 85 % des effectifs et 92 % de la biomasse.

Les adultes, seuls échantillonnés, de la majorité des espèces ne se rencontrent que pendant la saison des pluies, mais certains vivent là toute l’année (Zophosis spp.), avec parfois même une préférence pour la saison sèche (Pachycera tagenioides, Storthocnemis abyssinicus). La plupart des espèces ne marquent leur prédilection pour un biotope que par des différences de densité. Beaucoup aiment les milieux ombragés riches en litière et en plantes non graminéennes. Trachymetus elongatus, et probablement aussi les Oncosoma, sont inféodés aux bas-fonds humides.

Enfin les variations spécifiques du rythme nycthéméral d’activité ont pu être appréciées pour les espèces présentes en janvier.
Sélection sexuelle chez les mâles de Caille japonaise (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
Authors: Lucotte G.
Published: November 2022

Dans les conditions habituelles d’élevage, la vigueur sexuelle et l’agressivité des mâles de la Caille domestique sont très marquées, ce qui permet d’effectuer toute une série de tests faciles à réaliser. Lors des tests de choix sexuel, la forme sauvage est préférée aux formes mutantes de coloration du plumage. Les comportements sexuels et agonistiques des mâles sauvages sont en moyenne plus intenses que ceux des mutants. La réalisation d’une consanguinité de plus en plus importante provoque un abaissement des performances sexuelles (en espace réduit et en présence de deux femelles, en grand espace et en présence de six femelles) et agonistiques (défense de la cage, combats entre mâles, position dans les hiérarchies des mâles). Les conséquences de ces données sur la structure génétique des populations de Cailles domestiques sont évoquées.
L’économie de l’eau chez un mollusque gastéropode terrestre xérophile : Leucochroa Candidissima (Draparnaud).
Authors: Bonavita Dominique
Published: November 2022

Un des problèmes essentiels pour les Mollusques terrestres des milieux xériques est le contrôle de l’économie de leur eau. C’est le cas pour Leucochroa candidissima (Drap.) qui a été étudié en Provence Occidentale (France). Dans son milieu naturel, cet animal xérophile et sténohygre passe, au cours du cycle annuel, par deux périodes de vie latente (hiver et été) alternant avec deux périodes d’activité (printemps et automne). Ces dernières ne sont, en fait, qu’une succession de brèves phases d’activité entrecoupées de phases de repos sous épiphragme.

Les modalités de l’absorption de l’eau sont envisagées. Les variations du taux d’hydratation tissulaire constatées chez les animaux, coïncident avec le cycle saisonnier, mais présentent des amplitudes différentes selon les organes.

L’utilisation d’un traceur radioactif (oxyde de tritium ingéré par voie buccale) permet de préciser les modalités du stockage et des pertes de l’eau dans différents organes choisis (tube digestif, cœur-rein, sole pédieuse, hépatopancréas, bourrelet palléal).

Les différences de vitesse de perte d’eau constatées entre organes s’expliquent par l’existence d’une fonction accumulatrice
Méthode télémétrique d’enregistrement individuel des vocalisations. Application à Cercocebus albigena
Authors: Gautier Jean-Pierre , Deputte Bertrand
Published: November 2022

A telemetric device has been designed which allows simultaneous though independent recording of the vocalizations of different individuals within the same social group.

Each animal carries around the neck a small microphone (F.M.) adjusted on a definite frequency. The receivers are tuners. The records can be made by multi-track recorders on magnetic tape or on paper recorder.

Such a technique allows a qualitative and a quantitative analysis of vocal behaviour to be made for each sex, age-and status categories, in response to specific stimulating situations.
Quelques données écologiques de la grenouille africaine Dicroglossus occipitalis
Authors: Micha J.-Cl.
Published: November 2022

The geographical distribution of Dicroglossus occipitalis extends from Western to Central and Eastern Africa.

The study of the length-weight relationship of this amphibian does not show any significant difference amongst immatures, adult males and females. Nevertheless the females reach a greater length than the males.

The diet, established by qualitative and quantitative analysis, consist of terrestrial insects, myriapods, and fishes. The differences between the feeding habits of the younger and older Dicroglossus are not important, but the older individuals have more diversified feeding habits.

Dicroglossus occipitalis mate throughout the year under the climatic conditions of Bangui. However a peak occurs in June, July and August, at the beginning of the rainy season. The fecundity of this species is relatively low ; this fact might be explained by relatively large egg dimensions.

The density of the adult Dicroglossus is relatively low (2,7 -10 ind./are) compared with the density of tadpoles ; the same applies for the biomass.

Dicroglossus occipitalis do not meet the requirements of stock farming. As a matter of fact, this species of frog does not stand high stocking rates. It feeds essentially on mobile preys and does not accept inert artificial food.
Dépenses énergétiques des populations hivernantes de Pinsons du nord (Fringilla montifringilla) en relation avec leur milieu
Authors: Hémery Georges , Le Toquin Alain
Published: November 2022

During the past few years the ecology of the populations of Bramblings (Fringilla montifringilla) wintering in western Europe has undergone a rapid and important evolution due in large measure to the cultivation of maize (Zea maïs). The results is an increasingly frequent formation of flocks containing several million individuals. From 1965 to 1972 studies have been made of a roost in Pau (Pyrénées-Atlantiques) which has regrouped up to twenty million Bramblings.

The purpose of the present study is to propose a general model relating the quantity of energy expended daily (QD) to the behaviour of wintering Bramblings and to the habitat variables.

In the first part of this study different levels of energy metabolism are defined in function of the conditions in which the measures of energy expended occur. The general relationships linking these types of metabolism to body weight, and the relationship 9 v/b of flight metabolism to basal metabolism are indicated.

In the second part of this paper the preceding general conclusions and the information concerning the daily cycle of activity are applied to the case of Bramblings wintering in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques. For example, in the month of December, an individual flying a distance of 80 km a day expends 28 kcal.

In the third part of this study the relationship between the amount of energy expended (QD), the distance flown each day between the roost and the feeding grounds (D), the photoperiod qp and the time given to each activity (Ti) are established. These relationships enable us to deal with the problem of the maximal distance of dispersion from the center of the roost. In particular, the time lost reaching the feeding grounds constitutes the principal factor limiting daily dispersal, whereas energy loss is relatively unimportant.

The last part of this paper proposes a general model (figure 9) for the total wintering area, giving the amount of energy expended (Qd) and the maximal quantity of energy assimilable (QA max) in relation to the population behaviour, the habitat characteristics, and the period of the year.

Introduction into the model of the variables D and VN (value of the food ingested = quantity of energy assimilable by unit of time present on the feeding grounds) allows us to relate the potential number of individuals which can be supported by a given area to the different forms of maize cultivation.

The sensitivity analysis indicates the preponderant role of the photoperiod in the determination of the QD. Finally, three examples of simulation are given.
Actogramme journalier de l’Hylochère (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Thomas) au Parc National des Virunga, Zaire
Authors: Huart J.p. d'
Published: November 2022

L’Hylochère a, depuis 1960, adopté une activité diurne au Parc National des Virunga, Zaïre.

Une brève description de ses mœurs et des «repères biologiques» de son territoire est donnée (bauge, réseau de pistes, saltlick, souille, unité sociale, hiérarchie).

Le rythme d’activité de l’Hylochère est introduit par un diagramme présentant les fréquences d’observation de compagnies par tranches de 30 minutes durant la journée. En exprimant le nombre d’observations en forêt comme pourcentage du total, cinq périodes de la journée sont nettement différenciées : trois périodes de présence en forêt et deux en savane.

L’actogramme est précisé par l’analyse détaillée de trois groupes d’hylochères qui ont été suivis à pied de 6 h à 18 h. La séquence chronologique de leurs occupations a été notée toutes les cinq minutes et représentée selon la méthode — légèrement modifiée — de Spinage (1968).

Un tableau récapitulatif donne les pourcentages de temps d’occupation de chaque individu, et ceux-ci sont discutés.

Par un test de chi-carré d’homogénéité des proportions : entre différents groupes ou individus, il ressort que la composition du groupe détermine les heures d’activité, mais non leur durée relative.

La marche et l’alimentation sont les deux activités principales et prennent environ 60 % de l’activité diurne.