bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DWELLING AND LIVING IN THE IGS UNEMPLOYED MEMORIALS – THE YEARS OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION
Authors: Cesarski Maciej
Published: May 2022

The aim of the article is to signal the structural features of the housing and inhabiting of the unemployed in Poland during the Great Depression on the basis of their diaries published by the Institute of Social Economy in 1933. To achieve this goal, a conceptual apparatus derived from the concept of settlement infrastructure was used. This apparatus made it possible to distinguish features related to: the availability of housing and other forms of shelter, social and spatial accessibility of basic services, mainly municipal and social, as well as higher-order services and related social and spatial mobility issues of the unemployed in the inhabited space and the wider living space in search of work and social assistance. Selected fragments of diaries illustrating these issues testify to a large extent to the general social exclusion of the unemployed. In connection with the obtained results, a postulate was formulated to continue research on the diaries of the unemployed collected and published by the IGS after 2000.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kitab Kuning terhadap Akhlak Santri Putri di Pondok Pesantren Terpadu Al-Madinah Jonggol Bogor
Authors: Kaimudin Kaimudin , Suryani Parti Fadhillawati
Published: May 2022

Morals are the main goal and barometer of educational success, therefore Islamic Boarding Schools pay so much attention to and play an active role in shaping the character and noble character of students, one of the methods used by Islamic Boarding Schools in shaping morals is to teach the traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning), the goal of this research The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning the traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) on the morals of female students at the Al-Madinah Integrated Islamic Boarding School Jonggol Bogor. In this study the author uses two forms of research methods, the first is library research, in this study the author tries to examine books and other scientific writings related to the material of the influence of the traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) on morals discussed in this study, the second field research, namely the researchers directly involved to the field. In this study, it was concluded that the coefficient of the relationship between the influence of the Traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) Learning and the morals of female students obtained a value of 0.623 and the rtable value (rt) for N = 32 at the 5% significance level was 0.361 and at the 1% significance level was 0.463. So learning the traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) has a very strong influence on the morals of female students at the Al-Madinah Integrated Islamic Boarding School, Jonggol Bogor.

Keywords: traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning), morals of female students
Análisis computacional de la interacción in silico de la Agatisflavona con la región de trimerización de la proteína espícula (S) del SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Gayozo E. , Rojas L. , López M.
Published: May 2022

La glicoproteína de la espícula (S) es una de las proteínas más importantes para el virus SARS-CoV-2 porque cumple un rol fundamental en etapas iniciales de la infección viral y es considerado un blanco molecular importante para el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos o vacunas. En este estudio se reporta la interacción in silico del biflavonoide Agatisflavona con la proteína S del SARS-CoV 2. Para ello se llevaron a cabo pruebas de acoplamiento molecular entre la Agatisflavona y la espícula S en diferentes conformaciones (abierta y cerrada) a modo de determinar y caracterizar los sitios de interacción y los residuos implicados. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la Agatisflavona presenta mayores afinidades de unión por el sitio de trimerización del homotrímero viral, con valores favorables de energía unión (ΔGb) de -10,21±0,52 kcal.mol-1 y -11,19±0,16 kcal.mol-1. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la presencia del biflavonoide en interacción con la región de trimerización podría también actuar como bloqueante del ensamblaje de la espícula en su estructura cuaternaria pudiendo interferir con el ciclo replicativo viral, por lo tanto, la Agatisflavona puede ser considerada para estudios experimentales.
Propagación vegetativa de Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (Algarrobo aceitero) mediante mini esquejes de raíz
Authors: Cantero García I. , Benítez Núñez J. , Enciso M. , Samudio Oggero A.
Published: May 2022

La Pongamia pinnata es un árbol, cuya semilla es empleada como materia prima para la elaboración de biodiesel. El objetivo fue evaluar la propagación vegetativa, mediante el uso de diferentes, longitudes de esquejes de raíz y tipos de sustratos, con y sin aplicación de la hormona AIB (Ácido Indol Butírico). Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial (2 X 2 X 2) compuesto por 3 factores, 2 tipos de sustratos y 2 longitudes de esquejes de 3 cm (L1) y 6cm (L2), con y sin AIB. En total se evaluaron 8 tratamientos que consistieron en la combinación de los 3 factores. Las variables evaluadas fueron porcentajede enraizamiento, número de raicillas y longitud de raicillas (cm), número de brotes, longitud de brotes (cm) y número de esquejes con callosidad. Los datos obtenidos, fueron analizados con ANOVA y test de significancia (Tukey a un nivel de confianza del 95%) con el Software Estadístico Infostat. Los factores sustrato y hormona no arrojaron diferencias significativas con relación a las variables evaluadas. El factor longitud de esquejes arrojó diferencias significativas para todas las variables evaluadas a favor de la longitud L2 (6cm). La propagación vegetativa de la especie no se ve influenciada estadísticamente por el tipo de sustrato y la aplicación de AIB, pero sí por la longitud de los esquejes, siendo la longitud de 6 cm la más adecuada para cultivarlas.
Floraciones de Cyanotetras sp. en cuerpos de agua salobres eutrofizados del Paraguay durante el 2020
Authors: Dos Santos M. , Morel R. , Ávalos C. , Méndez M. S. , Benítez G. A.
Published: May 2022

Las floraciones de cianobacterias se producen en ambientes acuáticos eutrofizados debido, principalmente, a la falta de gestión adecuada de los recursos hídricos y sus contaminantes. En el caso de Paraguay, se han reportado dos floraciones rojas, una en la Región Occidental (P1) y otra en la Región Oriental (P2). Por lo tanto, se estableció como objetivo identificar al microorganismo causante y las condiciones fisicoquímicas en que se desarrollaron. En ambos casos, se identificó al género Cyanotetras (Cyanobacteria) como el más abundante con una densidad de 1.065.000 cél/mL (P1) y 5.504.000 cél/mL (P2). En cuanto a los parámetros fisicoquímicos, se reportó elevada concentración de nutrientes y sales, característicos de ecosistemas acuáticos eutrofizados y salobres. En conclusión, se puede indicar que en P1 la floración se produjo en forma natural, mientras que en P2 fue debido al aporte de contaminantes provenientes de las actividades antrópicas aledañas al cuerpo de agua.
Evaluación del perfil quimíco de metabolitos secundarios del hongo comestible Oudemansiella cubensis silvestre y cultivado y, factibilidad de producción indoor
Authors: Veloso Paredes B. , Campi Gaona M. , Maubet Cano Y. , Mancuello Chaparro C.
Published: May 2022

Oudemansiella cubensis es una especie de hongo comestible de la Funga del Paraguay. Este estudio se centró en caracterizar el perfil químico de basidiomas silvestres y producidos “indoor” y la estandarización del proceso productivo. El perfil químico cualitativo de extractos etanólicos indicó la presencia de metabolitos tipo terpenos y esteroles, y negativos para los alcaloides. La concentración de compuestos fenólicos totales, compuestos antioxidantes y actividad antioxidante fue similar para basidiomas silvestres y producidos indoor. El sustrato de cultivo con mayor rendimiento de producción (13,97%) fue la mezcla chala y marlo de maíz en proporción 1/1.
Evaluación de la morfo-anatomía foliar de Passiflora alata Curtis y Passiflora edulis Sims
Authors: Pereira S. Claudia , Kurita Hajime , Vega Rocío , Jiménez Marcela , Molinas Carlos , Benítez Bonifacia
Published: May 2022

En el presente trabajo se estudió la morfo-anatomía foliar de P. alata Curtis y P. edulis Sims, con el objetivo de identificar características que permitan distinguir ambas especies, además de obtener valores cuali-cuantitativos que pueden ser utilizadas para el control de calidad de las muestras comerciales enteras o fragmentadas. Estas especies son empleadas en la medicina popular como relajante, sedante, hipotensor, ataques nerviosos y stress. Ambas especies se diferencian por los siguientes caracteres: presencia-ausencia de glándulas en el borde de la hoja y tricomas en la epidermis foliar, el tipo de estoma. Los valores del índice de empalizada y de estomas constituyen un factor que permite diferenciar cuantitativamente la estructura microscópica de ambas especies, además de ser un instrumento de apoyo al estudio de caracteres cualitativos.
Estudios preliminares micrográficos e histoquímicos en hojas de Jungia floribunda Less. (Asteraceae), de uso medicinal.
Authors: Dujak R. Christian , López Yolanda , Delmás Gloria , Araujo Cecilia
Published: May 2022

Jungia floribunda Less. Es una planta medicinal, conocida con el nombre común “jaguarete po”; es posible encontrarla en los Departamentos de Central, Caazapá, Caaguazú, Amambay, correspondiente a la Región Oriental del Paraguay y países limítrofes. En la actualidad aún no ha sido estudiada en cuanto a su composición micrográfica, química y su actividad biológica. Por ello se llevó a cabo el análisis micrográfico e histoquímico de la hoja. Se cita según el uso popular con propiedades medicinales; tales como, antinflamatorio, purificador de la sangre, acciona contra infecciones internas y antitusígenas. En la estructura anatómica foliar se han identificado estructuras secretoras con contenido oleoso y abundantes cristales de oxalato de calcio en células. Cabe resaltar que el presente estudio podrá ser objeto de un posterior análisis de mayor complejidad.
Fractal adsorption characteristics and statistical analysis approach of complex dye molecule on metal oxide particles—A case study of Reactive Black 5(RB 5) adsorption onto NiO nanoparticles
Authors: GONEN Ferda , BİÇER Gizem
Published: May 2022

In this study, environmental conditions for high efficient dye adsorption; initial pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, adsorbent concentration were determined as 6.0, 40oC, 100 mgL-1 and 1 g L-1, respectively. Obtained results from SEM, FT-IR and XRD analyzes were evaluated and compared with foundings in literature.
It was found that the equilibrium data can be best represented with Langmuir isotherm model, and it was concluded that RB 5-NiO adsorption system behaviour was explained the pseudo-second order kinetic model successfully. It was concluded that dye-nanoadsorbent system was exothermic (ΔH
Die Wahlsystemkonzeptionen von Ferdinand A. Hermens und Dolf Sternberger im Vergleich
Authors: Jesse Eckhard
Published: May 2022

Ferdinand A. Hermens und Dolf Sternberger gehörten zu den Gründungsvätern der deutschen Politikwissenschaft. Beide stritten sie - vergebens - für die Einführung eines mehrheitsbildenden Wahlverfahrens. Stand bei Hermens die Wahlsystemfrage im Zentrum des Gesamtwerkes, nahm diese bei Sternberger einen untergeordneten Rang ein. Ihre Ansätze fielen höchst unterschiedlich aus. Während der Kölner Hermens Stabilität als höchsten Wert für das politische System ansah, stellte der Heidelberger Sternberger den Wähler als entscheidende Kraft in den Mittelpunkt. Die beiden Gelehrten scheiterten an der politischen Konstellation, nicht an der Schwäche ihrer Konzeptionen. Eine »große Wahlsystemreform« für Deutschland steht heute weder in der Wissenschaft noch in der Politik an, wohl aber eine Reihe von Reformen innerhalb des Verhältniswahlsystems.
Ein Prämienwahlsystem mit Koalitionsbonus – adäquates Mittel gegen lagerübergreifende Zweier- und Dreierkoalitionen und einen aufgeblähten Bundestag
Authors: Matauschek Peggy
Published: May 2022

Angesichts zahlreicher Mängel steht das personalisierte Verhältniswahlsystem erneut unter Reformdruck. Ein Prämienwahlverfahren mit einem Koalitionsbonus (52,5 Prozent der Mandate) erleichterte die Regierungsbildung und machte Farbenspiele in Form von lagerübergreifenden Zweier- und Dreierkoalitionen entbehrlich. Solch ein mehrheitsbildender Wandel besäße zudem den Charme, einen Bundestag in Regelgröße zu gewährleisten. Zugleich förderte der Wahlmodus mittels lose gebundener Listen die Partizipation - bar der Komplexität des Zweistimmensystems der personalisierten Verhältniswahl.
Das personalisierte Verhältniswahlsystem zwischen Pfadabhängigkeit und Reformbedarf
Authors: Decker Frank
Published: May 2022

Das personalisierte Verhältniswahlsystem, das in der Bundesrepublik seit 1953 besteht, ist durch vier zusammenhängende Merkmale bestimmt: die im Normalfall hälftige Aufteilung von direkt gewählten Wahlkreisabgeordneten und Listenmandaten, die Einpersonenwahlkreise, das Zweistimmensystem und die Fünfprozent-Sperrklausel. Mit der Auffächerung des Parteiensystems haben sich die Funktionsbedingungen dieses Systems erschwert. Die Folgen waren einerseits eine wachsende Zahl von Überhangmandaten, die in Verbindung mit den 2013 eingeführten Ausgleichsmandaten zu einer immensen Vergrößerung des Bundestags führten. Andererseits fielen durch die Sperrklausel immer mehr Stimmen unter den Tisch. Unabhängig davon birgt das Zweistimmensystem generelle Probleme, weil es schwer verständlich ist und unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Personalisierung eher schadet als nutzt. Ob nach der eineinhalb Jahrzehnte währenden jüngeren Geschichte gescheiterter oder ausgebliebener Reformen eine Neuordnung gelingt, die zumindest die vordringlichen Probleme löst, ist fraglich.
„Wenn die Ampel auf Grün schaltet...“: Neuralgische Punkte einer Cannabisfreigabe
Authors: Lichtenthäler Sören , Oğlakcıoğlu Mustafa Temmuz , Sobota Sebastian
Published: May 2022

Im Koalitionsvertrag haben sich die Ampel-Parteien auf eine kontrollierte Abgabe von Cannabis an Erwachsene geeinigt. An einem konkreten Gesetzesvorhaben fehlt es zwar bislang, es liegt aber nahe, dass die gesetzliche Umsetzung sich an dem von den Grünen in den Jahren 2015 und 2018 erfolglos eingebrachten Entwurf eines Cannabiskontrollgesetzes (CannKG-E) orientieren wird. Ziel des nachfolgenden Beitrags ist es deshalb, nach einem kurzen Überblick über den Inhalt des CannKG-E und seinen Regelungsgegenstand die Rahmenbedingungen und etwaige rechtliche Hürden einer Cannabislegalisierung zu beleuchten, um schließlich zu prüfen, inwieweit der Entwurf dem selbstgesetzten Anspruch, Cannabis einer regulierten Freigabe zuzuführen, genügt und inwieweit er nach wie vor der Logik des BtMG verhaftet ist.
Business group affiliation and financial performance in the agricultural sector of transition economies: The case of Russian agroholdings
Authors: Tleubayev Alisher , Bobojonov Ihtiyor , Gagalyuk Taras , Glauben Thomas
Published: May 2022

The Russian agri-food sector illustrated remarkable progress over the last decade. Still, the Russian government is striving to boost production even further and has set a number of goals for the industry for the coming years. Agroholdings are believed to be the main engine not only behind the success of the industry in recent years, but they are also expected to play a key role in moving the sector towards the set targets. In spite of their increasing role, the literature on agroholdings is still in its infancy and it fails to provide a clear answer on whether they represent a more efficient form of agri-food production. To fill this gap in the literature, we utilise a manually collected panel data set of 203 corporate Russian agri-food enterprises for the years between 2012 and 2017 and provide new empirical evidence on the effects of agroholding affiliation on firms’ financial performance, measured in terms of returns on assets and sales. The results of the random effects model indicate a significant positive impact of agroholding affiliation on financial performance. Further analysis reveals that this positive effect might be attributed to agroholding affiliates’ better access to capital, efficient management and stimulating executive compensation systems. The paper provides empirical recommendations for policy makers and corporate executives involved in the Russian agri-food industry.
Verschwörungstheorien und digitale Demokratie
Authors: Schuppert Gunnar Folke
Published: May 2022

Verschwörungstheorien lassen sich mit Hilfe von drei Suchscheinwerfern näher ausleuchten: Um welche Art von Wissen geht es bei den Verschwörungstheorien, welche Rolle spielt ihre Medialität und inwieweit kommen in ihnen gerade in Krisenzeiten virulente Emotionen zum Ausdruck? Verschwörungstheorien verbreiten sich nahezu epidemisch und gedeihen auf dem Nährboden einer Kultur des Misstrauens und reklamieren für sich die Logik des Verdachts. Eine solche Verschwörungsmentalität unterminiert die notwendige Vertrauensgrundlage demokratischer Herrschaft. Die beobachtbare, durch die Funktionslogik der neuen Medien begünstige Erosion der Kommunikationskultur gefährdet tendenziell die digitale Demokratie. Die Krise der digitalen Demokratie lässt sich so als Krise ihrer Kommunikationskultur analysieren.
Zielgruppenbasierte Ansprache von Wahlberechtigten durch politische Parteien
Authors: Towfigh Emanuel V. , Luckey Julian
Published: May 2022

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der durch populistische Kampagnen in den USA und in Großbritannien bekannt gewordenen neuen Wahlkampftechnik des Online-Microtargetings, durch das speziell zugeschnittene Wahlkampfbotschaften sehr gezielt über soziale Medien an nach psychometrischen Merkmalen ausgewählte Menschen ausgespielt werden. Er beleuchtet den technischen Hintergrund, zeigt auf, in welchem Umfang politisches Online-Microtargeting bereits in Deutschland zum Einsatz kommt, und erörtert Potenziale und Gefahren des Einsatzes der Technologie. Dann bewertet der Beitrag (verfassungs-)rechtlich die Zulässigkeit sowie die Grenzen des politischen Online-Microtargetings im Wahlkampf in Deutschland.
Mehr Lauterkeit für Online-Kommunikation
Authors: von Ungern-Sternberg Antje
Published: May 2022

Lauterkeit der Online-Kommunikation ist nicht nur für das Wirtschaftsleben, sondern gerade auch für den politischen Informations- und Meinungsaustausch zentral. Die demokratische Meinungsbildung im Netz verdient daher den Schutz vor koordinierten inauthentischen Verhaltensweisen und konkret vor Social Bots. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass Kennzeichnungspflichten für Social Bots völker- und verfassungsrechtlich zulässig sind und insbesondere nicht gegen die Meinungsfreiheit verstoßen.
Leibniz’s Philosophical Dream of Rational and Intuitive Enlightenment
Authors: Lodge Paul ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

This paper is a new translation and interpretation of the essay by Leibniz which has come to be known as “Leibniz’s Philosophical Dream.” Leibniz used many different literary styles throughout his career, but “Leibniz’s Philosophical Dream” is unique insofar as it combines apparent autobiography with a dreamscape. The content is also somewhat surprising. The essay is reminiscent of Plato, insofar as Leibniz describes a transition from existence in a cave to a more enlightened mode of being outside of it. But, in contrast with the usual identification of Leibniz as a “rationalist,” the mode of being that is valorised involves cognition that is intuitive and supra-rational. The paper begins with the translation followed by an interpretation of the essay. I conclude by considering the ramifications of my interpretation for our conception of Leibniz’s philosophy.
The Content/Object Equivocation
Authors: Whitaker Monique ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

John Searle roundly rejects what he calls the Bad Argument: a long-standing equivocation in philosophy over the contents and the objects of perception. But, as Josh Armstrong points out, this insight is not unique to Searle. By the late 19th Century the equivocation had been observed by Franz Brentano and students of his, such as Alexius Meinong and Kazimierz Twardowski, and was highlighted too in the 20th century by G. E. M. Anscombe. What Armstrong does take to be a novel to Searle is his use of this observation to undermine some of the primary objections to a realist theory of perception. In fact, though, it had already been put to much the same use by Mary Shepherd in her 1827 book Essays on the Perception of an External Universe and Other Subjects Connected with the Doctrine of Causation. Shepherd not only argues that the equivocal use of the term “things we perceive” is a crucial flaw in Berkeley’s case for Idealism, but also goes on to use this in service of her own, largely realist, theory of perception.
Hume’s Idea of a Perfect Commonwealth Revisited
Authors: Sakamoto Tatsuya ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

This paper examines Hume’s theory of republicanism from the perspective of the history of ancient and modern thought. Hume criticized ancient republicanism for its implicit assumption of institutional slavery, and sought the possibility of a republican constitution based on the freedom and equality of citizens. Despite the title “Idea of a Perfect Commonwealth,” its content was a concrete theory and discussed the British society as it existed in the 18th century. His conclusion was the realistic proposal of a highly democratic federal republic, which not only became the origin of the U.S. Constitution through James Madison, but also serves as a valuable source of enlightenment and inspiration for our time, when the challenges and problems of party politics and mass democracy have become extremely serious.
Between Action and Reflection
Authors: Kaplan Lawrence J. ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

Among the many criticisms advanced against the enlightenment is that its emphasis on rational reflection and commitment to universal moral truths serve as solvents of tradition and community. Here, I wish to show how the German Jewish enlightenment figure, Moses Mendelssohn in his classic work, Jerusalem succeeded in bringing together universal rational religious reflection and Halakhah, Jewish ceremonial law. Essentially, the ceremonial law for Mendelssohn, forms a traditional mimetic society, whose members absorb the Halakhah naturally and intuitively both from the community at large and from its teachers through a process of total immersion. If we see religious practice as a language, then members of this halakhic mimetic community, for whom the Halakhah is a first language practiced fluently and intuitively, are able to use this language to intelligently discuss the great truths of religion. In this way, tradition and community and rational reflection turn out to be mutually supportive.
The Reception of Spinoza and Mendelssohn in the Russian Enlightenment and the Russian-Jewish Haskalah
Authors: Kaufman Igor ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

My general objective in this paper is to provide (1) the outlines of the reception of Baruch Spinoza and Moses Mendelssohn in the Russian Enlightenment of the late 18th century as well as (2) in the Russian-Jewish Haskalah. In part (1) of the paper I consider Gavrila (Gavriil) Derzhavin’s mention of Mendelssohn in his “Opinion,” the translation of Mendelssohn’s Phaedon in Nikolay Novikov’s Masonic-inspired journal Utrennyi Svet, and the readings of Spinoza’s view on God and then-shared interpretation of his views as an “atheism” in Feofan Propovich, Vasily Trediakovskiy, and Alexander Sumarokov. In the part on the late Russian-Jewish Haskalah of 1860s I examine two intellectual biographies appeared in the period—Saveliy (Saul) Kovner on Spinoza and Yakov Gurliand on Mendelssohn, which aim to interpret positions of Spinoza and Mendelssohn as exemplary strategies of the Jewish emancipation within the framework of claims and prospects of the modern European culture. I also rediscover and reinterpret Spinoza’s approach to religion as the late Russian Haskalah’s authors strongly object to label Spinoza’s philosophy of religion as “atheistic” and consider it as close to the “pure, or true Judaism.”
The Issue of Translation
Authors: Poggi David ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

It was plain long before the 20th century that both the act of translation and the translator’s task were quite complex: it became clear and evident during the Enlightenment, within the République des Lettres, with the emergence and gradual affirmation of national languages. In this general framework, the French translation of John Locke’s Essay concerning Humane Understanding is one of the main protagonists of the circulation of texts and ideas: Pierre Coste’s solutions follow the strategy adopted by Jean Le Clerc in his Extrait of the Essay published in the “Bibliotheque universelle et historique” in 1688 and, in primis, by Locke himself, as a theorist of communication/translation (in the Third Book of the Essay): the French translation is thus the exemplar par excellence and the embodiment of Locke’s theories of language, communication, and communicative ethics, all axed on the concepts of “agreement” and “consensual rationality.”
Three Enlightenments of Modernity in the Historico-Philosophical Conception of Kazimierz Twardowski
Authors: Starzyński Wojciech ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

The aim of this article is to discuss the reflection on the history of philosophy conceived as a cycle of enlightenments in the thought of Kazimierz Twardowski. In 1895 Twardowski adopts Franz Brentano’s model of the cyclical character of the history of philosophy. In the cycle of modern philosophy, the traditional Enlightenment period of the 18th century is shown critically as the one in which the original forces of the scientific revolution of the 17th century weakened, while the philosophy of the beginning of modernity is to be seen as the proper Enlightenment. Critical reflections are crowned with a sharp critique of Immanuel Kant’s philosophy which is supposed to be responsible for a further weakening, or even degeneration, of 19th century philosophy. Twardowski when lecturing on the history of modern philosophy in Lvow in 1896–1923, softened the four-phase conception of the modern cycle as well as the key role played by Kant’s thought. But in 1904, in the context of the motto of the “return to Kant” and the formation of the Polish Philosophical Society, Twardowski delivered an important speech in which the figure of Kant was instrumentalized for the purposes of what we may call the third modern enlightenment, this time taking place in Polish philosophy.
Melodic High Tones in Emihavani
Authors: Kisseberth Charles , Mtenje Al
Published: May 2022

Emihavani is a Bantu language spoken in southeastern Malawi. It is a dialect of Emakhuwa, a language whose origins lie in Nampula Province in northern Mozambique, but whose speakers have migrated into both southern Tanzania and southeastern Malawi. It is important to note that all of the regions where Emakhuwa dialectsare spoken are economically under-developed, and a consequence of this is that the language, despite being spokenby several million people, is one of the poorer documented major Bantu languages (cf. Guérois 2015, Katupha 1983,1991, Kisseberth 2003, Kisseberth & Guérois 2014, Stucky 1985, Van der Wal 2009).The present paper starts to remedy this situation for Emihavani by providing an account of the most complicated aspect of the Emihavani tonal system: the “melodic High tone” patterns that operate in the verbal system. In order to document these tone patterns, we will necessarily have to provide a brief discussion of several aspects of Emihavani phonology and morphology. We should emphasize that all of the material in this paper derives from our intensive research on Emihavani that began in 2017. All of the data reflects the speech of Alfred Lihelu, a native speaker who has been part of all the significant research on Emihavani in the past few years (e.g. the translation and recording of the New Testament in 2014 by the Bible Society of Malawi). Although our focus is definitely on Emihavani, we also seek to place Emihavani in its proper Emakhuwa context. All references to other Emakhuwa dialects derive from the first-named author’s research over more than four decades.
TECNOLOGIA SOCIAL E A FORMA DE GERAÇÃO DE ERVAS A PARTIR DO CONCENTRADO PROVENIENTE DE DESSALINIZAÇÃO
Authors: Amaral Rodrigo Vieira Alves , Alves Sonáli Amaral de Lima , França Kepler Borges , Fernandes Maniza Sofia Monteiro , Costa Tereziana Silva , Barbosa Tellys Lins Almeida
Published: May 2022

A Tecnologia Social passa a existir como resposta à deterioração ambiental e à exclusão social que foram ocasionadas pelas abordagens dominantes; é um conceito substituto da Tecnologia Apropriada. A Tecnologia Social impulsiona a transformação social através de produtos e técnicas. A comunidade de Uruçu, localizada em São João do Cariri-PB, é beneficiária da tecnologia social através do Projeto Água: Fonte de alimento e Renda, que funciona como alternativa de renda para os produtores rurais. O projeto promove a produção de hortaliças através da hidroponia, uma atividade que busca a interação dos atores de um determinado local. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se o modo de produção da comunidade de Uruçu pode ser considerado uma tecnologia social. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão teórica acerca de conceitos da tecnologia social e hidroponia, além de explicar o funcionamento do projeto Água: Fonte de Alimento e Renda. Para tanto foi necessário fazer pesquisa de campo, o que implicou visita a comunidade e entrevista com os participantes da mesma. Dessa forma pode-se concluir a partir das atividades que são realizadas com a implantação do projeto Água é considerada uma tecnologia social.
IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UMA HORTA MEDICINAL E CONDIMENTAR PARA USO DA COMUNIDADE ESCOLAR
Authors: Theisen Geovane Rafael , Borges Grazieli Mafalda , Vieira Marilene Ferrari , Konflanz Tais Lazzari , Neis Franciele Antonia , Siqueira André Boccasius
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho é parte integrante de um estágio em espaços educativos. A atividade foi desenvolvida com estudantes do 4º ano de uma escola da rede básica de ensino do município de Palmeira das Missões/RS sob a orientação de três acadêmicos do curso de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Campus Palmeira das Missões/RS. Na proposta educativa foi desenvolvida uma horta medicinal e condimentar no ambiente da instituição. Tal proposta objetivou aproximar os conhecimentos sobre as espécies de plantas terapêuticas utilizadas pela comunidade escolar. A modalidade de prática desenvolvida atuou para integrar os educandos sobre a importância das plantas no seu dia a dia, permitindo-os contextualizar o tema e ampliar seus saberes sobre o assunto.
EXPLORANDO O DESCONHECIDO: AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE VIAJANTES NATURALISTAS PARA AS CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS NO BRASIL DO SÉCULO XVIII E XIX
Authors: Padoan Lucas de Lima Fernandes
Published: May 2022

Quando o intuito é discutir sobre paisagem, ambiente e ciência no Brasil, obrigatoriamente devemos nos remeter as contribuições e pesquisas proporcionadas pelos viajantes naturalistas no Brasil durante o século XVIII e XIX. A grosso modo, o viajante naturalista é considerado aquele que, durante o período aqui referido, dedicava-se exclusivamente ao estudo da história natural, compreendendo a dinâmica dos elementos que circundam a Terra. Dessa forma, pretendemos aqui descrever rapidamente as contribuições de importantes viajantes naturalistas que atravessaram o território brasileiro no período referido: Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira; Maximilian de Wied von Neuwied; Johannes Natterer; Castelnau e Deville; Langsdorff; Martius e, por fim, Auguste de Saint-Hilaire. Por fim, podemos dizer que as extensas expedições realizadas pelos viajantes naturalistas que vieram ao Brasil representaram importantes contribuições para o entendimento e compreensão do nosso próprio território, tanto no que diz respeito a dinâmica ambiental da paisagem, descrição de fenômenos naturais, quanto para classificação de fauna e flora.
Balanço hídrico reconciliado como uma ferramenta para a gestão estratégica de recursos hídricos em uma indústria de agroquímicos
Authors: Barbosa Pedro Eduardo Dias , Costa Wesley Cardoso , Assemany Paula Peixoto , Siqueira Juliano Curi de , Franco Camila Silva
Published: May 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar estrategicamente a gestão da água em uma indústria do setor de agroquímicos, via construção de um balanço hídrico reconciliado (BHR). Para isto, foi utilizada a metodologia desenvolvida pela Rede de Tecnologias Limpas (TECLIM/UFBA), e melhorias foram propostas para a indústria com uma abordagem de Produção mais Limpa (P+L). A construção do balanço hídrico foi feita a partir de visitas técnicas e levantamento de informações com operadores e engenheiros locais. O volume de controle foi escolhido como sendo toda área industrial, durante os meses de junho a outubro de 2020. Para a realização da reconciliação com a utilização da escala de qualidade de informação (QI), seguiu-se para a construção do diagrama de blocos e da planilha com os dados coletados de vazões de entrada e saída. Foram quantificadas noventa e oito (98) correntes aquosas, e a partir da reconciliação foi possível zerar a diferença entre as entradas e saídas de água na empresa como um todo e em cada bloco. Com os dados reconciliados foram propostos indicadores ambientais, entre eles a pegada hídrica (PH). Foram identificados os principais consumidores de água, sendo o uso da água como matéria-prima no processo produtivo responsável pelo consumo de 3,21 t/h; a limpeza e descontaminação das áreas industriais consumindo cerca de 0,96 t/h; e as torres de resfriamento com um consumo de 0,96 t/h de água. Devido a pouca confiabilidade, foram encontradas as principais correntes a serem observadas com maior atenção, como as correntes de efluentes enviadas para coprocessamento, classificadas como informação sem confiança (ISC) na escala QI. O valor de 0,62 m³ de água para cada tonelada de produto produzido foi encontrado, sendo cerca de 77% menor que a PH de empresas do setor químico brasileiro. Assim concluiu-se que a utilização do BHR foi de grande valia, possibilitando identificar os pontos de maior consumo e críticos na medição. Por meio das melhorias propostas para a empresa, calculou-se uma economia possível de água de 1,52 m³ por hora com utilização de água reciclada nos processos.
Contaminação ambiental por metais pesados provenientes do descarte irregular de resíduos sólidos urbanos
Authors: Freitas Romikson Christiano da Silva , Souza Mayara Andrade , Miranda Paulo Rogerio Barbosa de , Costa Joao Gomes da
Published: May 2022

O aumento da população acarreta a expansão social e econômica de uma região, mas também ocasiona consequências prejudiciais ao meio ambiente, dentre eles o aumento da geração de resíduos sólidos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar uma possível contaminação do solo do antigo lixão do município de Viçosa – Alagoas por metais pesados devido à disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos urbanos por meio de análises laboratoriais físico-químicas e de metais pesados. A pesquisa foi realizada na antiga área do lixão pertencente ao município de Viçosa, localizado na Zona da Mata do Estado de Alagoas, sendo coletadas 10 amostras de solo para análises físicas e químicas do solo e 05 amostras para determinação dos metais pesados, como também a coleta de amostras de água para análises físico-químicas da água. Foram encontrados os seguintes metais pesados na área do antigo lixão: cádmio (Cd), crômio (Cr), cobre (Cu), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn) e zinco (Zn). O ferro (Fe), crômio (Cr) e manganês (Mn), configurando variáveis que mais contribuíram para a formação de grupos distintos ou para determinação da variabilidade entre as áreas estudadas. O cádmio (Cd) foi o único metal pesado que teores acima dos níveis permitidos pela resolução 420/2009 do CONAMA. No córrego próximo à área do lixão foram encontrados valores de metais Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cu e Cr com níveis de tolerância aceitáveis para utilização da água de acordo com a Resolução do CONAMA 20/86 com exceção do elemento Mn, que apresentou valores acima do limite estabelecido pela Resolução do CONAMA 20/86 e também os limites preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde para potabilidade da água.
Survey of vocs and svocs in groundwater at the industrial complex of Belford Roxo-RJ
Authors: Vitorio Cleber Vinicius Akita , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de , Aguiar Laís Alencar de , Lima Eliana Beatriz Nunes Rondon , Pereira Raphael do Couto , Garcia Pauli Adriano de Almada , Garcia Vanessa da Silva , Lima Evandro
Published: May 2022

The levels of xenobiotic compounds dumped into aquatic environments, increased alarmingly as a result of anthropogenic activity upon the environment. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) represent a risk to human and animal health, having the anthropogenic activities on the ecosystems as their main entryway into the environment. Groundwater from regions close to cities, industries, roads, real estate project sites, mining sites, garbage dumps, and human settlements present many alterations related to the concentrations allowed by law for VOCs and SVOCs. For this deleterious environmental reality, the Iguaçu-Sarapuí river sub-basin, located in the Belford Roxo municipality (RJ) holds a long record of contamination by pesticides coming from the Industrial Complex of Belford Roxo. It was proven that in the year 2007 a leakage of 8 Ton of Metamidophos (IUPAC: O,S-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate). The main objective of this work was the surveying of the following chemical variables in groundwater: Dimethylamino-thiophosphate, Dimethylsulfate, Metamidophos, Phosphates, Mercaptans, Disulfides, and Thioethers. Signs of environmental contamination were found, representing one more of the innumerable environmental risks interacting with the environmental passive present in the Iguaçu-Sarapuí rivers basin.
Effect of extract of Amazon Moss on Spodoptera Frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) in maize
Authors: Moraes Eryka de Nazaré Rezende , Martins Ana Cláudia Caldeira Tavares , Santos Rita de Cássia Pereira dos , Alves Raynon Joel Monteiro , Costa Roberto Cezar Lobo da , Maia Wilson José Mello e Silva
Published: May 2022

Bryophytes are a potential group for the discovery of biologically active substances to pest control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifeedant and insecticidal effect of the ethanolic extract of Sematophyllum subsimplex (Hedw). Mitt. on second-instar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith, 1797) on corn (Zea mays L.) leaves. The bioassay involved placing individual larvae in petri dishes and fed circular corn leaf sections with 50 µl of the extract at concentrations of 2.0%, 1.0%, 0.5% and 0.25% µg/µl, and DMSO (control), with five replicates, in no-choice feeding assays. Herbivory and mortality rates were assessed 24, 48 and 72 hours after application of the extract. The concentration of 0.25 μg/μl had a positive antifeedant effect shortly after 24 hours. All tested concentrations caused high mortality rates, suggesting insecticidal activity. This is the first scientific work to report the antifeedant and/or insecticidal activity of S. subsimplex and can be the basis for botanical insecticide formulation.
Entomofauna associada à ficus benjamina l. 1767 (moraceae) no município de Cuiabá/MT
Authors: Silva Édina Gomes da , Peres Filho Otávio , Dorval Alberto , Souza Marcelo Dias de , Favare Lilian Guimarães de
Published: May 2022

Este estudo buscou identificar os principais insetos associados à Ficus benjamina L. avaliando interações e possíveis danos na arborização urbana do município de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. A coleta de insetos foi realizada durante o período de 12 meses em quatro áreas do perímetro urbano, sendo realizado levantamento quinzenal das árvores escolhidas. Aplicou-se o índice de Constância para as espécies de insetos coletados. Nas áreas amostradas foram identificadas as seguintes ordens Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Blattodea: Blattodea:Isoptera, Lepidoptera e Thysanoptera. Total de 36 espécies, 58,33% Hymenoptera, 22,22% Coleoptera, 8,33% Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera e Blattodea: Blattodea:Isoptera com 5,55% cada. As espécies Androthrips ramachandrai (Karny, 1926), Brachymyrmex patagonicus (Mayr, 1868), Camponotus crassus (Mayr, 1862), Camponotus novogranadensis (Mayr, 1870), Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmermann, 1900), Pheidole flavens (Roger, 1863), Solenopsis invicta (Buren, 1972) foram comuns aos ambientes amostrados. Nenhuma espécie foi constante nos quatro ambientes estudados, a variação nas condições ambientais pode ter afetado de maneira distinta as espécies.
Flowing characteristics of aluminum droplets impacting curved surface
Authors: Li Feng-Chao , Fu Yu , Li Chao , Yang Jian-Gang , Hu Chun-Bo ,   Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermo-Structure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,   Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Published: May 2022

In order to reveal the mechanism of reaction between aluminum droplet and curved wall, a numerical calculation model based on the volume of fluid method of aluminum droplet impacting curved wall is established. By analyzing the influence law of Weber number, Ohnesorge number and wall curvature on the process of droplet impacting the wall, the spreading characteristics and flow mechanism of droplet on curved surface are studied. The results show that the flow characteristics of aluminum droplets after impacting the wall are affected not only by inertial force, surface tension, and viscous force, but also by the structure of the wall. The behavior patterns of the droplets contain adhesion, rebound and splash under different Weber numbers. Because energy dissipation is produced in both spreading process and retracting process, the retracting speed of droplet is always less than its spreading speed. During the flow of the droplet, there are two pressure peaks and velocity peaks at the contact point, while the two peaks appear respectively at the moment when the droplet impacts the wall and when the droplet is about to rebound. In the behavioral mode of rebound, as Ohnesorge number increases, the maximum spreading diameter of the droplet gradually decreases, and the contact time is shorter. In the behavioral mode of adhesion, the spreading radius of the droplets is of oscillatory decay. Within the same period, the maximum spreading coefficient of the larger-Ohnesorge number droplets is smaller, and the decay rate is faster and the oscillation period is shorter. With the increase of wall curvature, the maximum spreading coefficient of droplet increases and that on the plane is the minimum. Based on the calculation results, the empirical formula is revised. Compared with the previous formula, it can well predict the maximum spreading coefficient on the curved surface, whose average error is within 3%. Further, according to the conservation of energy, theoretical models which predict the maximum spreading coefficients when droplets impact a curved and plate wall are also established. Compared with the scenario on the plane, the spreading coefficient of droplet on the curved surface is related to not only the motion parameters of droplet and the wettability of wall surface, but also the ratio of wall curvature to droplet curvature. More importantly, the new theoretical model takes into account the coupling effects of Weber number, Reynolds number, curvature ratio and contact angle, so it has stronger applicability and better robustness. The research results in this work will provide the theoretical basis for practical engineering application.
Information retrieval: Solving mismatching vocabulary in closed document collections
Authors: Fitzgerald Kyle Andrew , de la Harpe Andre Charles , Uys Corrie Susanna , Bytheway Andrew John
Published: May 2022

During a search, phrase-terms expressed in queries are presented to an information retrieval system (IRS) to find documents relevant to a topic. The IRS makes relevance judgements by attempting to match vocabulary in queries to documents. If there is a mismatch, the problem of vocabulary mismatch occurs. The aim is to examine ways of searching for documents more effectively, in order to minimise mismatches. A further aim is to understand the mechanisms of, and the differences between, human and machine-assisted, retrieval. The objective of this study was to determine whether IRS-H (an IRS using the hybrid indexing method) and human participants agree or disagree on relevancy judgments, and whether the problem of mismatching vocabulary can be solved. A collection of eighty research documents and sixty-five phrase-terms were presented to (i) IRS-H and four participants in Test 1, and (ii) IRS-H and one participant (aided by search software) in Test 2. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kappa coefficient. IRS-H and the four participants’ judgements disagreed. IRS-H and the participant aided by search software judgments did agree. IRS-H solves the problem of mismatching vocabulary between a query and a document.
La estrategia evidencial dizque en el español de Medellín, Colombia
Authors:   Universidad del Valle (Colombia), Grajales Róbinson
Published: May 2022

En el español de América se han realizado varios estudios sobre la unidad dizque, en los cuales se ha descrito su significado evidencial. En este artículo se describe el uso de dizque como estrategia evidencial en el español de Medellín, Colombia. Tomando como referencia el corpus PRESEEA-Medellín, se analizaron los significados de esta unidad y su uso con respecto a las variables sociales definidas en el corpus. De esta manera, se estableció la polifuncionalidad de dizque, que tiene seis funciones en el español de Medellín: indicación de modalidad epistémica, fuente ajena imprecisa, discurso directo, discurso indirecto, marcación de elementos nominales y la indicación de modo de acceso cognitivo a la información que se presenta. En relación con las variables sociales, dizque tienden a usarlo menos las mujeres, los informantes de clase social alta y los de nivel educativo superior, lo cual está relacionado con que esta estrategia evidencial se considere más propia del registro informal.
St Cuthbert’s Mission Station: Fragments of living heritage, the archive and documentary filmmaking – ‘the future of the past’
Authors: Lieza Louw
Published: May 2022

This paper offers a reflection on a research project undertaken over a period of nearly five years at the St Cuthbert’s Anglican community near Tsolo in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. St Cuthbert’ was established by Father Bransby Key, an Anglican missionary in the nineteenth century. On a site visit with art historian professor Anitra Nettleton, we met elders who still remembered the missionaries and could relate to lay-worker Frank Cornner who collected beadwork made by the amaMpondomise even though the missionaries discouraged these practices. Cornner’s collections are housed at the Iziko South African Museum in Cape Town, the British Museum in London and at Pit Rivers in Oxford, in the United Kingdom. The importance of recording testimonies of elders underlines the value of ‘living heritage’ as an added research tool in attempts to contribute to the existing archive, especially as many of the elders have since passed away. The elders recall their experiences with fondness and it was only at a later stage that the researcher encountered dichotomous reactions to the missionary project in the area. For the researcher / documentary filmmaker this tension presented a dilemma as the value of the testimonies could in no way whatsoever be undermined despite the challenges faced by practitioners at this time in the history of our country. My research does, however, point to the importance of constantly adding to existing archival collections of historical records by recording the lived experiences of relevant individuals.