bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress alleviates perioperative neurocognitive disorders by reducing neuroinflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Meng Fanbing , Song Jian , Huang Xinwei , Zhang Meixian , Sun Xiaoxiao , Jing Qi , Cao Silu , Xie Zheng , Liu Qiong , Zhang Hui , Li Cheng
Published: October 2024

Aim

The aim of this study is to explore the key mechanisms of perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) after anesthesia/surgery (A/S) by screening hub genes.

Methods

Transcriptome sequencing was conducted on hippocampal samples obtained from 18‐month‐old C57BL/6 mice assigned to control (Ctrl) and A/S groups. The functionality of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was investigated using Metascape. Hub genes associated with changes between the two groups were screened by combining weighted gene coexpression network analysis within CytoHubba. Reverse transcription PCR and western blotting were used to validate changes in mRNA and protein expression, respectively. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was detected by western blotting and ELISA. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, was administrated preoperatively to explore its effects on the occurrence of PND. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to evaluate the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus, and hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory were assessed using behavioral experiments.

Results

In total, 521 DEGs were detected between the control and A/S groups. These DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes related to metabolic processes and their regulation. Four hub genes (Hspa5, Igf1r, Sfpq, and Xbp1) were identified. Animal experiments have shown that mice in the A/S group exhibited cognitive impairments accompanied by increased Hspa5 and Xbp1 expression, ER stress, and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Conclusions

Inhibiting ER stress alleviated cognitive impairment in A/S mice; particularly, ER stress induced by A/S results in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the preoperative administration of TUDCA inhibited ER stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and neuroinflammation.
Cerebral small vessel disease was associated with the prognosis in ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wang Yicong , Li Hang , Pan Yuesong , Wang Mengxing , Liao Xiaoling , Yang Yingying , Chen Weiqi , Meng Xia , Wang Yongjun , Wang Yilong
Published: October 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF), cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and ischemic stroke.

Methods

Data were extracted from China's Third National Stroke Registry (CNSR‐III), which registered 15,166 patients in China. A total of 12,180 ischemic stroke patients were included excluding those diagnosed with TIA or without MRI. Logistic regression was to explore the relationship between AF, CSVD, and poor functional outcomes at 12‐month follow‐up. Cox regression is to explore AF, CSVD, and stroke recurrence as well as all‐cause mortality at 12‐month follow‐up.

Results

The average age was 62.40 ± 11.22 years old, and 8362 (68.65%) were men at baseline. Patients with AF had an increased risk of stroke recurrence and all‐cause mortality at 12‐month follow‐up. Those with AF and CSVD imaging such as lacunes, white matter hyperintensity (WMH), and the presence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) had an increased risk of poor prognosis. And those with both AF and CSVD burden had an increased risk of worse prognosis at 12‐month follow‐up.

Conclusion

Among Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke, those with AF were associated with a higher risk of 12‐month mortality and stroke recurrence. When AF was combined with some CSVD imaging features such as lacunes, WMH, presence of CMBs or burdens, the 12‐month poor prognosis worsened.
Novel Insights Into DLAT's Role in Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Copper Toxicity Through Microglial Exosome Dynamics
Authors: Ma Xiang , Sun Yusheng , Li Changchun , Wang Man , Zang Qijiao , Zhang Xuxia , Wang Feng , Niu Yulan , Hua Jiai
Published: October 2024

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, with recent research emphasizing the roles of microglia and their secreted extracellular vesicles in AD pathology. However, the involvement of specific molecular pathways contributing to neuronal death in the context of copper toxicity remains largely unexplored.

Objective

This study investigates the interaction between pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase (DLAT), particularly focusing on copper‐induced neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease.

Methods

Gene expression datasets were analyzed to identify key factors involved in AD‐related copper toxicity. The role of DLAT was validated using 5xFAD transgenic mice, while in vitro experiments were conducted to assess the impact of microglial exosomes on neuronal PKM2 transfer and DLAT expression. The effects of inhibiting the PKM2 transfer via microglial exosomes on DLAT expression and copper‐induced neuronal death were also evaluated.

Results

DLAT was identified as a critical factor in the pathology of AD, particularly in copper toxicity. In 5xFAD mice, increased DLAT expression was linked to hippocampal damage and cognitive decline. In vitro, microglial exosomes were shown to facilitate the transfer of PKM2 to neurons, leading to upregulation of DLAT expression and increased copper‐induced neuronal death. Inhibition of PKM2 transfer via exosomes resulted in a significant reduction in DLAT expression, mitigating neuronal death and slowing AD progression.

Conclusion

This study uncovers a novel pathway involving microglial exosomes and the PKM2‐DLAT interaction in copper‐induced neuronal death, providing potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease. Blocking PKM2 transfer could offer new strategies for reducing neuronal damage and slowing disease progression in AD.
The causal effect of economic freedom on female employment & education
Authors: Grier Robin
Published: October 2024

While there are decades of evidence that economically free economies grow faster and are more productive than less free ones, there is less knowledge about the effect of economic freedom on groups that have traditionally been disadvantaged. I study the causal effects of large and sustained jumps in economic freedom on women's labor force participation and primary school enrollment. I find that these jumps have a positive and statistically significant effect in both cases–economic freedom is good for women's labor force opportunities and female education.
Synthetic Image Generation Using Deep Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Zulfiqar Aisha , Muhammad Daudpota Sher , Shariq Imran Ali , Kastrati Zenun , Ullah Mohib , Sadhwani Suraksha
Published: October 2024

The advent of deep neural networks and improved computational power have brought a revolutionary transformation in the fields of computer vision and image processing. Within the realm of computer vision, there has been a significant interest in the area of synthetic image generation, which is a creative side of AI. Many researchers have introduced innovative methods to identify deep neural network‐based architectures involved in image generation via different modes of input, like text, scene graph layouts and so forth to generate synthetic images. Computer‐generated images have been found to contribute a lot to the training of different machine and deep‐learning models. Nonetheless, we have observed an immediate need for a comprehensive and systematic literature review that encompasses a summary and critical evaluation of current primary studies' approaches toward image generation. To address this, we carried out a systematic literature review on synthetic image generation approaches published from 2018 to February 2023. Moreover, we have conducted a systematic review of various datasets, approaches to image generation, performance metrics for existing methods, and a brief experimental comparison of DCGAN (deep convolutional generative adversarial network) and cGAN (conditional generative adversarial network) in the context of image generation. Additionally, we have identified applications related to image generation models with critical evaluation of the primary studies on the subject matter. Finally, we present some future research directions to further contribute to the field of image generation using deep neural networks.
Pacinioma of Lumbosacral Skin in Closed Spinal Dysraphism
Authors: Johnston Bryan , Campbell Katelynn
Published: October 2024

Closed spinal dysraphism (CSD) is a congenital condition caused by a failure in secondary neurulation during embryogenesis. CSD is associated with characteristic cutaneous stigmata often identified clinically. Rarely, such stigmata have been reported to occur with complex congenital intraspinal lipomas containing Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia. Herein, we present our case of an asymptomatic 8‐month‐old female who presented with a midline lumbosacral acrochordon‐like lesion. MRI revealed a midline lipomatous lesion at S2–S3 with a fibrovascular stalk likely continuous with the acrochordon. Given the absence of neurological symptoms concerning tethered cord syndrome (TCS), only the skin lesion was removed for cosmesis. Subsequent histopathological examination revealed numerous Pacinian corpuscles in a background of dermal collagen and subcutaneous adipose tissue. No features suggested a co‐existent peripheral nerve sheath lesion (such as a neurofibroma). Given the spinal cord abnormalities, and the histologic features of a pure proliferation of Pacinian corpuscles, a diagnosis of the so‐called “Pacinioma” was made. To the best of our knowledge, only four other cases of complex intraspinal lipomatous lesions containing Pacinioma in the setting of CSD with a tethered cord have been previously reported. This case highlights the complexity of the cutaneous stigmata of CSD.
Bridging the gap through telemedicine: Pilot study on the acceptance and use of teledermatology for urticaria
Authors: Hindelang Michael , Sitaru Sebastian , Fischer Chiara , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander
Published: October 2024

Background

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) significantly impairs patients' quality of life. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, treatment is still unsatisfactory. Telemedicine offers a promising solution to improve treatment. This pilot study assesses the acceptability and utilization of a digital health model for CSU, examines its impact on disease management, and identifies technical challenges.

Patients and Methods

In this prospective pilot study, CSU patients at a university hospital in Germany were included. Over 12 months, participants interacted with physicians via a telemedicine platform, which was the study‐specific intervention. After each three‐month digital visit, symptoms and quality of life were assessed using electronic patient reported outcomes (ePROs) and online questionnaires. In the end, patients and doctors rated the overall satisfaction, the user‐friendliness of the platform and the technical challenges.

Results

24 patients completed the study. The majority (92%) reported that the digital concept could be a promising alternative to traditional consultations. Analysis from baseline to end of study revealed that disease control remained stable while quality of life improved. All physicians found the digital application reliable and time‐saving.

Conclusions

This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility and high acceptance of a digital health model for the management of CSU. Further research with larger cohorts is needed and planned to determine broader applicability.
The diabetes annual review in a postal box: A qualitative study exploring the views of people living with diabetes (DiaBox‐Qual)
Authors: Colley Jack , Hughes Stephanie , Dambha‐Miller Hajira , Price Hermione
Published: October 2024

Aim

The diabetes annual review is an important part of clinical care. Non‐attendance is increasingly common and associated with poor health outcomes. At‐home self‐collection of blood tests, urine samples and anthropometric data through a postal box may facilitate engagement. We aimed to explore the views of people living with diabetes on the use of a postal box as an alternative to usual care for self‐collecting blood samples, urine samples and anthropometric data and to understand whether the availability of a postal box would facilitate the uptake of the diabetes annual review.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured interviews and focus groups with adults who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Purposive sampling was used to obtain a high representation of infrequent attendees of annual review appointments within the study population. Transcripts were collated and analysed thematically.

Results

Twenty participants took part including eight infrequent attendees. All infrequent attendees and most regular attendees responded positively to a postal box, with convenience being the most prominent value described. Concerns raised related to capability of self‐collection and the accuracy of results. Participants were asked for suggestions to improve the postal box. The most common themes related to communication; needing clearer information about each test in the postal box; feedback of results; and utilising the box to communicate priorities for discussion at future consultations.

Conclusion

Postal boxes for annual reviews were well‐received by those living with diabetes. Designed well, they have the potential to overcome more than just the physical barriers to annual review attendance.
The associations between functional vitamin K status and all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and end‐stage kidney disease in persons with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Friis Bryde Nielsen Camilla , Møller Thysen Sanne , Bach Kampmann Freja , Hansen Tine Willum , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Tofte Nete , Abitz Winther Signe , Theilade Simone , Rossing Peter , Frimodt‐Møller Marie , Linneberg Allan
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim

Vitamin K deficiency is common in persons with kidney disease, which is a known complication of diabetes. We aimed to assess the association of vitamin K status as reflected by plasma dephosphorylated‐uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp‐ucMGP) with mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and progression to end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) in persons with type 1 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

We analysed plasma dp‐ucMGP in stored baseline samples from a cohort of 667 persons with type 1 diabetes (baseline visit: 2009–2011). Information on mortality and CVD was obtained through linkage to registers. Cox‐proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality, CVD and ESKD per one doubling of dp‐ucMGP.

Results

A total of 53 deaths were recorded during follow‐up. Persons with higher dp‐ucMGP (reflecting lower vitamin K status) had higher mortality in the unadjusted model (HR: 2.06 [95% confidence interval—CI: 1.22–3.45]), but not in the fully adjusted model (HR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.44–1.73]). Particularly, adjustment for glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion rate attenuated the HR. A similar pattern was observed in unadjusted models for incidence of CVD (HR: 1.58 [95% CI: 1.03–2.42]) and risk of ESKD (HR: 7.62 [95% CI: 4.25–13.68]). In the fully adjusted models, the HRs became statistically insignificant.

Conclusion

In persons with type 1 diabetes, lower vitamin K status was associated with higher mortality, CVD and progression to ESKD, however, not after adjustment for other risk factors. Interventional studies are needed to elucidate the role of vitamin K in persons with type 1 diabetes.
Effect of Temperature on Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) Age at Sexual Maturity
Authors: Wu Jiayi , Cuddington Kim
Published: October 2024

Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) is one of the four invasive Asian Carp species (Bighead Carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis; Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella; and Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in North America. As benthic predators, Black Carp poses ecological risks to unionids within the Great Lakes and could bring other changes to local benthic communities. One means of assessing invasion risk and potential impact is to determine how critical life history characteristics depend on environmental conditions in new regions. Age at sexual maturity is negatively correlated to the maximum per capita population growth rate and thus can be used to estimate potential population growth for invasive species. Previous studies have found a significant negative relationship between age at maturity and temperature for all three other Asian Carp species, but not for Black Carp. With a more comprehensive dataset, we demonstrate that the same relationship exists for Black Carp. Winter duration is the best predictor of Black Carp age at maturity, followed by average winter air temperature. This significant relationship between age at maturity and temperature was not altered in artificial growing environments. Our results suggested that for Black Carp, temperatures in the winter months are more important for its energy accumulation and maturation and may determine invasion risk in northern locations, such as tributaries of the Great Lakes.
Peruvian origin and global invasions of five continents by the highly damaging agricultural pest Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Authors: Scheffer Sonja J. , Lewis Matthew L. , Mujica Norma , MacVean Charles , Blanco‐Metzler Helga , Joshi Ravindra C. , Jacobsen Frode
Published: October 2024

Identification of the geographic origin of invasive species can be critical to effective management and amelioration of negative impacts in the introduced range. Liriomyza huidobrensis is a polyphagous leafmining fly that is a devastating pest of many vegetable and floriculture crops around the world. Considered native to South and possibly Central America, L. huidobrensis became invasive in the 1980s and has since spread to at least 30 countries on five continents. We used phylogeographic analysis of over 2 kb of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II sequence data from 403 field‐collected specimens from both native and introduced populations to investigate the geographic origins of invasive L. huidobrensis worldwide. Within South America, there was substantial genetic variation, as well as the strong phylogeographic structure typical of a native range. In contrast, leafminers from the introduced range and Central America all contained little genetic variation and shared the same small set of haplotypes. These haplotypes trace to Peru as the ultimate geographic origin of invasive populations. Central America is rejected as part of the original geographic range of L. huidobrensis. Within Peru, the primary export region of Lima shared an extremely similar pattern of reduced haplotype variation to the invasive populations. An additional 18 specimens collected at US ports of entry did not share the same haplotype profile as contemporary invasive populations, raising perplexing questions on global pathways and establishment success in this species.
Oral Administration of Taurodeoxycholate, A GPCR19 Agonist, Effectively Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in A Mouse Model
Authors: Ghaderpour Aziz , Jeong Ju‐Young , Koh Young‐Jae , Seong Seung‐Yong
Published: October 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder, characterised by intense pruritus and recurrent eczematous lesions. Recently, the US FDA has approved Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for oral treatment in AD patients. However, oral immunomodulatory agents have demonstrated adverse effects. In previous studies, we demonstrated the efficacy of topical taurodeoxycholate (TDCA), a G protein‐coupled receptor 19 (GPCR19) agonist, on AD. In this study, we further evaluated the efficacy of orally administered TDCA on MC903‐ and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)‐induced AD mouse models. Oral administration of TDCA significantly ameliorated AD symptoms and reduced both epidermal and dermal thickness. Additionally, oral TDCA treatment inhibited the infiltration of myeloid and lymphoid cells into AD lesions. TDCA also suppressed the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐13, IL‐33, IL‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 17 in the skin and blood. Given the previously demonstrated safety profiles of TDCA, oral TDCA may offer a beneficial and safer alternative for AD patients.
Interaction Between Climate Change Scenarios and Biological Invasion Reveals Complex Cascading Effects in Freshwater Ecosystems
Authors: Rodrigues Tauany , Kratina Pavel , Setubal Rayanne B. , Ferro Joseph L. S. , Hideki Abe Douglas , Costa Luiza O. , Casa Nova Clarice , Farjalla Vinicius F. , Pires Aliny P. F.
Published: October 2024

Climate change often facilitates biological invasions, leading to potential interactive impacts of these global drivers on freshwater ecosystems. Although climatic mitigation efforts may reduce the magnitude of these interactive impacts, we are still missing experimental evidence for such effects under multiple climate change scenarios within a multi‐trophic framework. To address this knowledge gap, we experimentally compared the independent and interactive effects of two climate change scenarios (mitigation and business‐as‐usual) and biological invasion on the biomass of major freshwater trophic groups (phytoplankton, zooplankton, periphyton, macroinvertebrates, and a native macrophyte) and the decomposition rate of allochthonous material. Among the independent effects, we found that the business‐as‐usual climate treatment resulted in lower native macrophyte biomass and higher periphyton biomass compared to the climatic baseline and mitigation treatments. This indicates the potential of climate change to alter the relative dominance of different freshwater producers and demonstrates that climate mitigation efforts can counteract these effects. Biological invasion alone increased the biomass of chironomids, a dominant macroinvertebrate group in tropical freshwater ecosystems, demonstrating a compensatory effect on climate change. Climate change and biological invasion interactively reduced the decomposition rate of allochthonous detritus, likely mediated by the feeding preference of abundant chironomids for periphytic algae associated with the presence of non‐native macrophytes. We concluded that (i) climatic mitigation can maintain climate baseline conditions in freshwater ecosystems, and (ii) the interactive effects between future climate scenarios and biological invasion are related to complex cascading interactions among trophic groups on ecosystem processes.
Nutrient Addition Enhances the Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Carbon Decomposition Across Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Chen Chen , Pei Junmin , Li Bo , Fang Changming , Nie Ming , Li Jinquan
Published: October 2024

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) depositions have been shown to alter nutrient availability in terrestrial ecosystems and thus largely influence soil carbon cycling processes. However, the general pattern of nutrient‐induced changes in the temperature response of soil carbon decomposition is unknown. Yet, understanding this pattern is crucial in terms of its effect on soil carbon–climate feedback. Here, we report that N and P additions significantly increase the temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon decomposition (Q10) by sampling soils from 36 sites across China's forests. We found that N, P, and their co‐addition (NP) significantly increased the Q10 by 11.3%, 11.5%, and 23.9%, respectively. The enhancement effect of nutrient addition on Q10 was more evident in soils from warm regions than in those from cold regions. Moreover, we found that nutrient‐induced changes in substrate availability and initial substrate and nutrient availability mainly regulated nutrient addition effects. Our findings highlight that N and P deposition enhances the temperature response of soil carbon decomposition, suggesting that N and P deposition should be incorporated into Earth system models to improve the projections of soil carbon feedback to climate change.
Prospects for Neotropical Forest Birds and Their Habitats Under Contrasting Emissions Scenarios
Authors: Brawn Jeffrey D. , Luther David , Qu Mingxin , Farinelli Sarah M. , Cooper W. Justin , Fu Rong
Published: October 2024

Current and near future climate policy will fundamentally influence the integrity of ecological systems. The Neotropics is a region where biodiversity is notably high and precipitation regimes largely determine the ecology of most organisms. We modeled possible changes in the severity of seasonal aridity by 2100 throughout the Neotropics and used birds to illustrate the implications of contrasting climate scenarios for the region's biodiversity. Under SSP‐8.5, a pessimistic and hopefully unlikely scenario, longer dry seasons (> 5%), and increased moisture stress are projected for about 75% of extant lowland forests throughout the entire region with impacts on 66% of the region's lowland forest avifauna, which comprises over 3000 species and about 30% of all bird species globally. Longer dry seasons are predicted to be especially significant in the Caribbean, Upper South America, and Amazonia. In contrast, under SSP‐2.6—a scenario with significant climate mitigation—only about 10% of the entire region's forest area and 3% of its avifauna will be exposed to longer dry seasons. The extent of current forest cover that may plausibly function as precipitation‐based climate refugia (i.e., < 5% change in length of dry periods) for constituent biodiversity is over 4 times greater under SSP‐2.6 than with SSP‐8.5. Moreover, the proportion of currently protected areas that overlap putative refugia areas is nearly 4 times greater under SSP‐2.6. Taken together, our results illustrate that climate policy will have profound outcomes for biodiversity throughout the Neotropics—even in areas where deforestation and other immediate threats are not currently in play.
Loss of a single Zn finger, but not that of two Zn fingers, of GATA3 drives skin inflammation
Authors: Iguchi Tomohiro , Toma‐Hirano Makiko , Takanashi Masakatsu , Masai Hisao , Miyatake Shoichiro
Published: October 2024

Transcription factor GATA3 is essential for the developmental processes of T cells. Recently, the silencer of a cytokine IFNγ gene was identified, the inhibitory activity of which requires GATA3. GATA3 has 2 Zn fingers and the commonly used GATA3 deficient mice lack both fingers (D2). We have established a mouse line that lacks only one Zn finger close to the C terminus (D1). The D1 mice line developed dermatitis, which was not observed in D2 mice. The expression of S100a8/S100a9 was elevated in D1 to a level higher than in D2, suggesting their roles in dermatitis development. CD8 T cells of both D1 and D2 lines expressed inhibitory receptors associated with the exhausted state. In the absence of MHC class II, the skin inflammation was exacerbated in both lines. The gene expression pattern of CD8 T cells became similar to that of effector T cells. Blocking Ab against LAG3 upregulated the expression of the effector molecules of T cells. These results suggest that the disfunction of GATA3 can lead to the spontaneous activation of CD8 T cells that causes skin inflammation, and that suppressive activity of MHC class II ‐ LAG3 interaction ameliorates dermatitis development.
Monitoring spatiotemporal patterns in the genetic diversity of a European butterfly species
Authors: Greenwell Matthew P. , Botham Marc S. , Bruford Michael W. , Day John C. , Gibbs Melanie , Høye Toke T. , Maes Dirk , Middlebrook Ian , Musche Martin , Pettersson Lars B. , Roy David B. , Settele Josef , Stefanescu Constantí , Teder Tiit , Thomas Nia E. , Watts Kevin , Oliver Tom H.
Published: October 2024

The importance of genetic diversity has been recognised by the Convention on Biological Diversity but attempts at monitoring or improving the genetic diversity of populations have been minimal.

Here, we investigate changes over time in the genetic diversity of a wild insect species, Maniola jurtina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and present a large‐scale investigation into contemporary spatial genetic diversity.

Using microsatellite markers, we calculate multiple measures of genetic diversity and divergence for M. jurtina populations over 8 years in the UK and compare these findings with long‐term abundance trends.

We also conduct a large‐scale spatial analysis into the genetic diversity and population structuring of M. jurtina across Europe.

All UK populations sampled have high levels of gene flow and genetic diversity, with genetic diversity stable over time.

Across Europe, we find some population structuring between populations in the UK and the European mainland, suggesting restricted geneflow between the two regions.

The monitoring of a wild species' genetic diversity is an achievable aim, and one that could be carried out for many species, particularly Lepidoptera. Future approaches may aim to develop higher resolution genetic markers and cover a wider range of species.

The use of abundance data offers additional insight, and we find that concurrent, dedicated genetic monitoring can provide effective tracking of biodiversity trends.
Assessment of palpitations in patients with frequent premature ventricular contractions
Authors: Gao Yue , Jiang Rui , Liu Yan , Li Zi‐xuan , Xu Xin‐he , Li Shi‐jie , Li Xian‐jin , Han Bing
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In patients with frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), palpitations may not always be directly caused by PVCs, and therefore, it is essential to establish symptom‐rhythm correlations to determine the appropriate treatment. This study aims to analyze the palpitations and related factors in patients with frequent PVCs.

Methods

The study enrolled patients with frequent PVCs who were not combined with other arrhythmias or structural heart disease. Through face‐to‐face consultation, patients were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. For symptomatic patients, the correlation between palpitations and PVC was further evaluated based on the temporal consistency of symptom onset and PVC occurrence. The demographic, clinical, and electrocardiogram features of the patients in each group were compared.

Results

Of the 214 patients enrolled, 124(57.9%) experienced palpitations. Compared to the asymptomatic group, the symptomatic group had a higher proportion of females (63.7% vs. 47.8%; p = .020) and a higher proportion of subjects with anxiety (44.4% vs.14.4%; p = .000). Within the symptomatic patients, 72 (33.60%) who had palpitations that were clearly correlated with PVCs were classified as the PVC‐relevant group. In this group, the PVC CI ratios were significantly lower (55% [52% −60%] vs. 62% [55% −67%]; p = .001) and the Post‐PVC CI were longer (1170 [1027–1270] vs. 1083 [960–1180] ms; p = .018) than in the PVC‐irrelevant group.

Conclusion

A direct relationship between palpitations and PVCs could be established only in a minority of patients with frequent PVCs. PVCs with a relatively short PVC CI and a long post‐PVC CI were more likely to cause palpitations, whereas palpitations lasting only a few seconds were more likely to be directly relevant to PVCs.
Self‐Monitoring With Coping Skills and Lifestyle Education for Hypertension Control in Primary Care
Authors: Patil Sonal J. , Guo Ning , Udoh Eno‐Obong , Todorov Irina
Published: October 2024

Self‐monitoring with support, lifestyle modifications, and emotion management improves blood pressure (BP). Patients with hypertension need continual support to modify behaviors, but time pressures limit lifestyle education in primary care settings. Using mixed methods, we aimed to study the feasibility and acceptability of an innovative 6‐week program that combined self‐monitoring with coping skills and lifestyle education for patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension interested in lifestyle modifications before intensifying medications were enrolled from primary care clinics. Patients self‐monitored emotions, behaviors, and BPs and received education from medical providers and mind‐body therapists through shared medical appointments (SMAs) with an option of weekly printed materials. Over 6 months, 31 eligible participants completed the program with higher uptake (21/41) from physician referrals (74.2% women, 41.9% Black, median household income $100 000). Fourteen participants opted for weekly educational materials due to upcoming SMA sessions being fully booked or personal schedules. Pre‐ to post‐intervention paired t‐test showed improvement in systolic BP of 11.6 mmHg (95% CI, 6.6–16.6, p < 0.0001), and hypertension control rate improved by 36% (11/31) post‐intervention. Higher baseline systolic BP was associated with higher BP reduction (p < 0.001). Thematic analysis showed the perceived benefit of self‐awareness, education, and peer support, whereas time constraints were perceived as challenges. Self‐monitoring with education on coping skills and lifestyle modification is feasible and improved BP and hypertension control across diverse primary care patients interested in lifestyle modifications; however, few low‐income patients enrolled. Less burdensome and community‐based interventions may improve participation in low‐income patients.
Transcriptome‐wide RNA m6A methylation profiles in an endemic osteoarthropathy, Kashin‐Beck disease
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yang Xiaodong , Deng Xingxing , Niu Hui , Zhao Yijun , Wen Jinfeng , Wang Sen , Liu Huan , Guo Xiong , Wu Cuiyan
Published: October 2024

Kashin‐Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic degenerative, disabling disease of the bones and joints and its exact aetiology and pathogenesis remain uncertain. This study is to investigate the role of m6A modification in the pathogenesis of KBD. Combined analysis of m6A MeRIP‐Seq and RNA‐Seq were used to analyse human peripheral blood samples from three KBD patients and three normal controls (NC). Bioinformatic methods were used to analyse m6A‐modified differential genes and RT‐qPCR was performed to validate the mRNA expression of several KBD‐related genes. The results indicated that the total of 16,811 genes were modified by m6A in KBD group, of which 4882 genes were differential genes. A large number of differential genes were associated with regulation of transcription, signal transduction and protein binding. KEGG analysis showed that m6A‐enriched genes participated the pathways of Vitamin B6 metabolism, endocytosis and Rap 1 signalling pathway. There was a positive association between m6A abundance and levels of gene expression, that there were 6 hypermethylated and upregulated genes (hyper‐up), 23 hypomethylated and downregulated genes (hypo‐down) in KBD group compared with NC. In addition, the mRNA expression of levels of MMP8, IL32 and GPX1 were verified and the protein–protein interaction networks of these key factors were constructed. Our study showed that m6A modifications may play a vital role in modulating gene expression, which represents a new clue to reveal the pathogenesis of KBD.
Unveiling exosomes: Cutting‐edge isolation techniques and their therapeutic potential
Authors: Sani Farnaz , Shafiei Faezeh , Dehghani Farshad , Mohammadi Yasaman , Khorraminejad‐Shirazi Mohammadhossein , Anvari‐Yazdi Abbas Fazel , Moayedfard Zahra , Azarpira Negar , Sani Mahsa
Published: October 2024

Exosomes are one type of nanosized membrane vesicles with an endocytic origin. They are secreted by almost all cell types and play diverse functional roles. It is essential for research purposes to differentiate exosomes from microvesicles and isolate them from other components in a fluid sample or cell culture medium. Exosomes are important mediators in cell–cell communication. They deliver their cargos, such as mRNA transcripts, microRNA, lipids, cytosolic and membrane proteins and enzymes, to target cells with or without physical connections between cells. They are highly heterogeneous in size, and their biological functions can vary depending on the cell type, their ability to interact with recipient cells and transport their contents, and the environment in which they are produced. This review summarized the recent progress in exosome isolation and characterization techniques. Moreover, we review the therapeutic approaches, biological functions of exosomes in disease progression, tumour metastasis regulation, immune regulation and some ongoing clinical trials.
Hospital brochures in mental healthcare. how patient‐centered are they?
Authors: Sercu Lies
Published: October 2024

Context

From the results of the 2020 Flemish survey looking into psychiatric patients’ views of the in‐patient care they have received, it appeared that hospital communication is experienced as not sufficiently patient‐centered. In communication research, the quality of written patient materials in physical healthcare has been scrutinized and suggestions for the enhancement of their patient‐centeredness, comprehensibility, and actionability have been made. Yet, a similar research interest in the quality of health communication in mental healthcare has failed to materialize.

Objective and Design

Against a definition of patient‐centeredness in mental healthcare, this study investigated the quality of 30 psychiatric hospital brochures from a triangulated linguistic and content perspective, using readability formulas as well as the CCI and PEMAT‐P instruments.

Results

It appeared that none of the brochures are sufficiently patient‐centered, as they fail to take appropriate and full account of mental health patients’ specific concerns and difficulties.

Discussion

The lack of quality brochures hampers patients’ understanding of their mental health condition and participation in their recovery process, especially when they have a low (mental) health literacy.

Conclusion

Together, hospitals and patient organizations, should remedy this situation and thus fortify the public's trust in the evidence‐based and high‐quality patient‐centered care psychiatric hospitals offer.
Differences in setting of initial dementia diagnosis among fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: White Elizabeth M. , Bayer Thomas , Kosar Cyrus M. , Santostefano Christopher M. , Muench Ulrike , Oh Hyesung , Gadbois Emily A. , Gozalo Pedro L. , Rahman Momotazur
Published: October 2024

Background

Accurate and timely diagnosis of dementia is necessary to allow affected individuals to make informed decisions and access appropriate resources. When dementia goes undetected until a hospitalization or nursing home stay, this could reflect delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis, and may reflect underlying disparities in healthcare access.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we used 2012–2020 Medicare claims and other administrative data to examine variation in setting of dementia diagnosis among fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries with an initial claims‐based dementia diagnosis in 2016. We used multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the association of person and geographic factors with diagnosis location, and Cox proportional hazards regression to examine 4‐year survival relative to diagnosis location.

Results

Among 754,204 Medicare beneficiaries newly diagnosed with dementia in 2016, 60.3% were diagnosed in the community, 17.2% in hospitals, and 22.5% in nursing homes. Adjusted 4‐year survival rates were significantly lower among those diagnosed in hospitals [−16.1 percentage points (95% CI: −17.0, −15.1)] and nursing homes [−16.8 percentage points (95% CI: −17.7, −15.9)], compared to those diagnosed in the community. Community‐diagnosed beneficiaries were more often female, younger, Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American or Alaskan Native, Hispanic, had fewer baseline hospitalizations and higher homecare use, and resided in wealthier ZIP codes. Rural beneficiaries were more likely to be diagnosed in hospitals.

Conclusions

Many older adults are diagnosed with dementia in a hospital or nursing home. These individuals have significantly lower survival than those diagnosed in the community, which may indicate diagnosis during an acute illness or care transition, or at a later disease stage, all of which are suboptimal. These results highlight the need for improved dementia screening in the general population, particularly for individuals in rural areas and communities with higher social deprivation.
Paclitaxel alters the microvascular network in the central and peripheral nervous system of rats with chemotherapy‐induced painful peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Zippo Antonio Giuliano , Rodriguez‐Menendez Virginia , Pozzi Eleonora , Canta Annalisa , Chiorazzi Alessia , Ballarini Elisa , Monza Laura , Alberti Paola , Meregalli Cristina , Bravin Alberto , Coan Paola , Longo Elena , Saccomano Giulia , Paiva Katrine , Tromba Giuliana , Cavaletti Guido , Carozzi Valentina Alda
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN), with paraesthesia, numbness, dysesthesia and neuropathic pain ranks among the most common dose‐limiting toxicity of several widely used anticancer drugs. Recent studies revealed the microvascular angiogenesis as a new important actor, beside peripheral neurons, in the neurotoxicity and neuropathic pain development and chronicisation. The aim of this work is to elucidate the role of vascular alterations in CIPN.

Methods

We evaluated the severity of CIPN with neurophysiological, behavioural and neuropathological analysis together with the microvascular network in central and peripheral nervous systems of rats in order to correlate the features of the CIPN and the vascular abnormalities. The vascular network was quantitatively evaluated through synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray phase‐contrast micro‐tomography imaging, measuring four specific parameters: vascular density, vessel diameter, vessel tortuosity and branching.

Results

Rats exposed to paclitaxel and affected by a severe painful sensory axonopathy showed an increased vascular density (putative sprouting angiogenesis) in the crucial districts of the central (somatosensory cortex and lumbar spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (lumbar dorsal root ganglia). In addition, the complexity of the vascular network and the size of neo‐formed vessels were significantly decreased in specific regions. On the other hand, less significant changes were observed in rats exposed to cisplatin, affected by a painless peripheral neuropathy, suggesting a specific involvement of neo‐angiogenesis in the development of severe neurotoxicity and neuropathic pain.

Interpretations

These new ground‐breaking results can shed light on new pathogenetic mechanisms and potential novel therapeutic approaches for painful‐CIPN.
Impact of Public Health and Social Measures on Cosmetic Treatments in the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Multi‐Center Study Combined With a Questionnaire‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Li Zichao , Li Tian , Zhang Leyang , Zhu Yifu , Yu Zhou , Song Baoqiang
Published: October 2024

Background

Public health and social measures (PHSMs) are considered the most effective approaches for controlling epidemic diseases. This study aimed to explore variations in the time‐dependent characteristics of and public preferences for cosmetic treatments during and after the implementation of PHSMs during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Method

Medical records from six medical institutions were extracted retrospectively. Time–series analyses were conducted to reveal the variations in characteristics in volume and proportion of cosmetic treatments according to PHSMs. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with online questionnaire designed for the general population during and after the implementation of PHSMs.

Result

A total of 141 033 records were included in this retrospective study. The implementation of PHSMs led to extremely low treatment volumes; compared with the increases in private hospitals, the treatment volumes in public hospitals exhibited earlier and more significant increases, even higher than pre‐PHSM levels (p < 0.05), which mainly contributed to the increase in plastic surgery volumes during and after the implementation of PHSMs. The differences in the anxiety state, self‐perceived appearance, and cosmetic treatment intentions of the participants were illustrated during and after PHSMs. We further demonstrated the participants' decisions on cosmetic treatments after the implementation of PHSMs during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Conclusion

The immediate effects and aftereffects of PHSMs on cosmetic treatments were different in public and private hospitals. Furthermore, as PHSMs guided the adjustment of cosmetic treatments in the post‐COVID‐19 era, the intention to undergo cosmetic treatment during PHSMs was associated with the anxiety states and preferences of the population.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Nurses' Professional Quality of Life in Pre‐Hospital Emergency Settings: A Multicentre Mixed‐Method Study
Authors: Musio Maria Emma , Ginogi Francesca , Casini Simone , Lucente Graziana , Timmins Fiona , Hayter Mark , Catania Gianluca , Zanini Milko , Aleo Giuseppe , Sasso Loredana , Bagnasco Annamaria
Published: October 2024

Background

Pre‐hospital emergency nurses, frequently exposed to high‐stress situations, are at risk for burnout and stress‐related issues, affecting their overall well‐being. The Professional Quality of Life (ProQoL) scale, widely used among hospital nurses, remains untested in pre‐hospital emergency settings.

Aim

To adapt and validate the ProQoL scale for pre‐hospital emergency contexts and explore the protective role of emotional intelligence in professional well‐being.

Methods

A mixed‐method study was conducted. The qualitative approach involved semi‐structured interviews to inform the modification of items for adapting the ProQoL to the pre‐hospital emergency setting. A quantitative method was applied to assess the relationship between emotional intelligence and professional well‐being through content and face validity measures.

Results

Qualitative interviews suggested refining the ProQoL for pre‐hospital emergency settings, emphasising factors such as job satisfaction and professional conduct. The revised 21‐item Pre‐Hospital Emergency‐Professional Quality of Life (PHE‐ProQoL) scale demonstrated strong content validity (I‐CVI: 0.86‐1, S‐CVI: 0.9) and face validity. Significant correlations were observed between emotional intelligence and professional well‐being, with negative correlations between emotional intelligence and both burnout (Pearson's r = −0.859) and post‐traumatic stress (Pearson's r = −0.792), and a positive correlation with compassion satisfaction (Pearson's r = +0.917). Pre‐hospital nurses displayed moderate levels of compassion satisfaction (27.3 ± 9.81), high emotional intelligence (28.0 ± 9.58), especially in empathy, and substantial levels of burnout (22.5 ± 6.09) and stress (21.2 ± 4.3).

Discussion

The study found that pre‐hospital emergency nurses exhibit moderate compassion satisfaction and above‐average emotional intelligence, particularly in perceiving and managing others' emotions. However, they also experience significant levels of burnout and post‐traumatic stress.

Conclusions

Burnout and post‐traumatic stress significantly affect pre‐hospital emergency nurses. Enhancing emotional intelligence is crucial for their well‐being. Nursing managers now have access to a validated and reliable tool to assess this.