bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Von Willebrand Factor Interacts with Surface-Bound C1q and Induces Platelet Rolling
Authors: Kölm Robert , Schaller Monica , Roumenina Lubka T. , Niemiec Iga , Kremer Hovinga Johanna A. , Khanicheh Elham , Kaufmann Beat A. , Hopfer Helmut , Trendelenburg Marten
Published: October 2016

Premature atherosclerosis and thrombotic complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the high incidence of these complications cannot be explained by traditional risk factors alone, suggesting direct effects of an activated immune system on hemostasis. The unexpected nucleotide sequence homology between SLE patient–derived autoantibodies against complement C1q (Fab anti-C1q) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) led us to investigate a potential interaction between the complement and hemostatic systems on the level of initiating molecules. VWF was found to bind to surface-bound C1q under static conditions. The binding could specifically be inhibited by Fab anti-C1q and C1q-derived peptides. Under shear stress the C1q–VWF interaction was enhanced, resembling the binding of VWF to collagen I. Additionally, we could show that C1q–VWF complexes induced platelet rolling and firm adhesion. Furthermore, we observed VWF binding to C1q-positive apoptotic microparticles and cholesterol crystals, as well as increased VWF deposition in C1q-positive glomeruli of SLE patients compared with control nephropathy. We show, to our knowledge for the first time, binding of VWF to C1q and thus a direct interaction between starter molecules of hemostasis and the classical pathway of complement. This direct interaction might contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms in complement-mediated, inflammatory diseases.
Short-Term Pulmonary Rehabilitation for a Female Patient with Chronic Scleroderma under a Single-Case Research Design
Authors: Leelarungrayub Jirakrit , Pinkaew Decha , Wonglangka Khanittha , Eungpinichpong Wichai , Klaphajone Jakkrit
Published: October 2016

Although previously proposed that chronic scleroderma should be cared for clinically and early rehabilitation should be performed in hospital by a chest physical therapist, little evidence is currently available on its benefits. Therefore, this study demonstrated the benefits of short-term pulmonary rehabilitation during hospitalization in a female patient with chronic scleroderma. The aim of rehabilitation was to improve ventilation and gas exchange by using airway clearance, chest mobilization, and breathing-relearning techniques, including strengthening the respiratory system and the muscles of the limbs by using the Breath Max® device and elastic bands. Gross motor function and activities of daily life were regained by balancing, sitting, and standing practices. Data on minimal chest expansion, high dyspnea, high respiratory rate, and low maximal inspiratory mouth pressure were recorded seven days before rehabilitation or at the baseline period. But there was a clinically significant improvement in dyspnea, chest expansion, maximal inspiratory mouth pressure, and respiratory rate, when compared to baseline data, which were recorded by a chest physical therapist during seven days of rehabilitation. Furthermore, physicians decided to stop using a mechanical ventilator, and improvement in functional capacity was noted. Therefore, in the case of chronic and stable scleroderma, short-term rehabilitation during hospitalization for chest physical therapy possibly shows clinical benefits by improving both pulmonary function and physical performance.
On an inverse problem in potential theory
Authors: Cupini Giovanni , Lanconelli Ermanno
Published: October 2016

The Newtonian potential of a Euclidean ball

B

of

\mathbb R^n

centered at

x_0

is proportional, outside

B

, to the Newtonian potential of a mass concentrated at

x_0

. Vice-versa, as proved by Aharonov, Schiffer and Zalcman, if

D

is a bounded open set in

\mathbb R^n

, containing

x_0

, whose Newtonian potential is proportional, outside

D

, to the one of a mass concentrated at

x_0

, then

D

is a Euclidean ball with center

x_0

. In this paper we generalize this last result to more general measures and domains.
The BBM formula revisited
Authors: Brezis Haïm , Nguyen Hoai-Minh
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we revise the BBM formula due to J. Bourgain, H. Brezis, and P. Mironescu in [1].
Функциональная предельная теорема для остановленного случайного блуждания, достигающего высокого уровня
Authors: Afanasyev Valeriy Ivanovich
Published: October 2016

Для остановленного случайного блуждания с нулевым сносом, рассматриваемого при условии достижения им высокого уровня, доказана теорема о сходимости по распределению в пространстве $D[0,+\infty)$ к броуновскому прыжку в высоту.
Большие уклонения ветвящихся процессов с иммиграцией в случайной среде
Authors: Dmitrushchenkov Dmitry Valeryevich , Shklyaev Alexander Viktorovich
Published: October 2016

Рассматривается ветвящийся процесс $Z_n$ в случайной среде с сопровождающим блужданием $S_n$, имеющим шаги $\xi_i$ со средним $\mu$, удовлетворяющие условию Крамера $\mathbf Ee^{h\xi_i}<\infty$, $0<h<h^+$. В каждый момент времени $i$ в процесс иммигрирует $\chi_i$ частиц, $\mathbf E\chi_i^h<\infty$, $0<h<h^+$. Предполагается, что число непосредственных потомков одной частицы при условии среды имеет геометрическое распределение. Показано, что добавление иммиграции для критических или надкритических процессов влечет только изменение мультипликативной константы в асимптотике вероятностей больших уклонений $\mathbf PZ_n\ge\exp(\theta n)\}$, $\theta>\mu$. Для докритических процессов аналогичный результат получен для $\theta>\gamma$, где $\gamma>0$ - некоторая константа. Для всех констант приведены явные выражения.
Распределение крайних значений числа единиц в булевых аналогах треугольника Паскаля
Authors: Malyshev Fedor Mikhailovich
Published: October 2016

Работа посвящена оценке числа единиц $\xi$ в треугольных массивах элементов поля $GF(2)$, задаваемых нижней строкой из $s$ элементов. Элементы каждой выше стоящей строки получаются суммированием (как в треугольнике Паскаля) пар элементов ниже стоящей строки. Доказано существование такой монотонной неограниченной последовательности $0=k_0<k_1<k_2<…$ рациональных чисел, что для любого $k>0$ при достаточно больших $s$ допустимые значения $\xi$, ме́ньшие $ks$ или бо́льшие $s(s+1)/3-sk/3$, сосредоточены в окрестностях точек $k_is$ и $s(s+1)/3-sk_i/3$, $i\geqslant0$. Оценки размеров окрестностей свои для каждого $i\geqslant0$ и не зависят от $s$. Распределения чисел треугольников, имеющих значения $\xi$ в этих окрестностях, зависят только от вычетов $s$ по некоторым модулям, своим для каждого $i\geqslant0$.
О размерах подмножеств группы вычетов с необратимыми разностями элементов
Authors: Roldugin Pavel Vladimirovich
Published: October 2016

В статье рассматриваются такие подмножества $I\subset\{0,…,d-1\}$, что НОД$(n-m,d)\ne1$ для любых $n,m\in I$. Эти подмножества названы множествами нетривиальных разностей. Пусть $d>1$ и $d_1$ - наименьший простой делитель $d$. Доказано, что наибольшее значение мощности множества нетривиальных разностей равно $d/d_1$. Множества нетривиальных разностей, в которых не все разности элементов кратны одному и тому же простому делителю $d$, названы неэлементарными. Пусть $t$ - количество простых делителей числа $d$. Показано, что при $t\leqslant2$ неэлементарных множеств не существует. Доказано, что минимальное неэлементарное множество может иметь любой порядок в отрезке $\overline{3,t}$. Найдены нижняя и верхняя оценки наибольшей мощности неэлементарных множеств.
Квантование соболевского пространства полудифференцируемых функций
Authors: Sergeev Armen Glebovich
Published: October 2016

Строится квантование соболевского пространства $V=H_0^{1/2}(S^1,\mathbb R)$ полудифференцируемых функций на окружности, тесно связанного с теорией струн. Группа $\mathrm{QS}(S^1)$ квазисимметричных гомеоморфизмов окружности действует на $V$ посредством репараметризации, но это действие не является гладким. Тем не менее можно ввести квантованное инфинитезимальное действие группы $\mathrm{QS}(S^1)$ на пространстве $V$, которое позволяет построить квантовую алгебру наблюдаемых, ассоциированную с системой $(V,\mathrm{QS}(S^1))$.
Библиография: 7 названий.
Differences between National Reporting Practices and IFRS for SMEs Presentation and Disclosure Requirements: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Valentinetti Diego , Rea Michele Antonio , Basile Caterina
Published: October 2016

The aim of this paper is to assess the differences between the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) requirements and national financial reporting practices. For this purpose, the IASB’s checklist was applied to a sample of financial statements prepared in Italy by non-listed manufacturing companies. The results reveal the major differences existing in the presentation of financial statements, as well as in narrative disclosure practices in management commentary and notes. Furthermore, econometric analysis suggests that the differences are influenced by certain exploratory factors, namely, profitability, leverage, size and parent company relationship. This study offers new insights into the roles of certain exploratory factors that are likely to influence the movement towards the application of the IFRS for SMEs.
The Sociophonetics of /r/ in Bozen: Modelling Linguistic and Social Variation
Authors: Spreafico Lorenzo , Vietti Alessandro
Published: October 2016

How do speakers reconstruct the boundaries of an allophonic system? In our paper, we address this question and examine how speakers organize into consistent groups of allophones the array of /r/-variants that are used in South-Tyrol Italian (STI). In addition, we discuss that this process of grouping is based on two intertwining sources of variation: the linguistic source and the socio-indexical source. We argue that the indexical dimension is not disconnected from the linguistic one, but it contributes in an essential way to its structuring.

Our investigation is based on a sample of two thousand tokens of /r/. These occurrences are extracted from a corpus that includes the (semi)spontaneous productions of 14 Italian-German bilingual speakers. The analysis concerns the identification of possible relationships among the allophones with respect to (a) distributional, (b) stylistic and (c) biographical factors. Data are analyzed using a multivariate exploratory technique, namely the multiple correspondence analysis approach. The results clearly show how the aggregation of indexical and linguistic factors determines the emergence of two different allophonic subsystems, that is the Italian of Italian-dominant speakers (STI-i) and the Italian of German-dominant speakers (STI-d).
Simultaneous electrochemical determination of acetaminophen and metoclopramide at electrochemically pre-treated disposable graphite pencil electrode
Authors: Patil Shreekant M , Pattar Vijay P , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T
Published: October 2016

A sensitive and economic voltammetric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (AMP) and metoclopramide (MCP) using pre-treated graphite pencil electrode (PTGPE). Compared to a graphite pencil electrode, the pre-treated electrode showed an apparent shift of the oxidation potentials in the positive direction and a notable enhancement in the current responses for both AMP and MCP. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to study the voltammetric behavior of the drugs, while differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to determine AMP and MCP simulta­neously. The dependence of the current on scan rate, pH and concentration was investi­gated to boost the experimental conditions for simultaneous determination. The calibra­tion curves were obtained over the range of 0.1×10-7 to 1.1×10-7 M, the concentration of each of both the drugs was varied by keeping the other constant, and achieved lower detection limit of 3.25 nM for AMP and 1.16 nM for MCP. The developed method was found to be selective and rapid for the simultaneous determination of AMP and MCP. The proposed method was applied simultaneously in real samples and pharmaceutical samples, with satisfactory results.
The Psychopolitics of Austerity: democracy, youth and civil protest
Authors: Powell Fred
Published: October 2016

This article argues that new (and sometimes invisible) forms of civic protest are finding a voice in the age of the Internet. It poses the questions whether these voices of protest are (a) part of a long, militant and sometimes violent tradition of street politics based on class struggle or (b) new, peaceful and creative political (and anti-political) platforms (a metaphysical revolt) offering critical and innovative insights into the possibilities of democratic renewal - as part of a process of deepening democracy into more ethical and participatory forms.En este artículo se argumenta que las nuevas (y a veces invisibles) formas de protesta cívica están encontrando voz en la era de internet. Se plantea la cuestión de si estas voces de protesta son (a) parte de una larga, militante y, en ocasiones, violenta tradición de política de la calle basada en la lucha de clases o bien (b) nuevas, pacíficas y creativas plataformas (una revuelta metafísica) políticas (y antipolítica), que ofrece una perspectiva innovadora y crítica respecto a las posibilidades de renovación democrática, como parte de un proceso de profundización de la democracia en formas más éticas y participativas.
Democracy Will Never be the Same Again: 21st Century Protest and the Transformation of Politics
Authors: Tormey Simon
Published: October 2016

This paper looks at the current wave of protests and demonstrations and asks whether what we are witnessing is the emergence of a new movement against austerity and in favour of democracy, as many suggest. The wider context is the crisis of representative politics, which is in turn transforming the nature of mobilisation, contestation and politics more generally. In place of traditional organisational structures, we are seeing the emergence of cloud, swarm and connective initiatives with characteristics that challenge and supplant traditional organisational politics. We are seeing the emergence of a politics that is resistant to ‘politicians’ of whatever ideology, seeking to recuperate power and agency from representatives. This creates an interesting tension at the heart of democracy: whether and to what extent democracy needs to ‘reboot’ or whether new political parties and movements can ally the connective to representational styles of politics to provide a way in which democracy can evolve.Este artículo examina la ola de protestas y manifestaciones, preguntándonos si, como muchos sugieren, lo que estamos presenciando es el surgimiento de un nuevo movimiento contra la austeridad y a favor de la democracia. El contexto político está marcado por una generalizada crisis de la política representativa, hecho que a su vez marca la transformación de la naturaleza de la movilización, de la contestación y de la política en general. Estamos presenciando el surgimiento de iniciativas con características cloud, swarm y conectivas que desafían y suplantan a las estructuras organizativas tradicionales. En la actualidad está emergiendo una forma de política que es resistente a los “políticos” de cualquier tipo de ideología y que trata de recuperar el poder de los representantes. Esto crea una tensión interesante en el corazón de la democracia: si, y en qué medida, la democracia necesita ‘resetearse’ o si los nuevos partidos y los nuevos movimientos políticos pueden aliar lo conectivo a estilos de representación política capaces de proporcionar una manera en la que la democracia pueda evolucionar.
La pobreza extrema como una violación de los derechos humanos. La respuesta de la justicia global frente a la beneficencia
Authors: Tamarit López Isabel
Published: October 2016

En este artículo consideramos la pobreza extrema como un caso de violación de los derechos humanos en tanto que la situación de las personas que la padecen vulnera el mínimo de dignidad o justicia que permitiría reconocerlos como seres valiosos. La respuesta internacional en esos casos no puede entenderse como una cuestión de beneficencia sino que debe ir orientada prioritariamente con medidas de justicia que busquen el reconocimiento de la dignidad y las libertades de esas personas. En este sentido consideramos la posibilidad de defender una propuesta de justicia global distributiva como la de Thomas Pogge y, por otra parte, reconocemos el valor de los derechos humanos como imperativos éticos globales para la fundamentación y la defensa de una justicia global desde el enfoque de la capacidad de Amartya Sen.In this article we consider extreme poverty as a case of violation of human rights as the situation of people who suffer it do not have the minimum of dignity or justice that would recognize them as valuable beings. The international response in such cases cannot be understood as a matter of charity but should be oriented primarily with justice measures seeking the recognition of the dignity and freedoms of those people. In this regard we consider the possibility of presenting a proposal for distributive global justice as Thomas Pogge does and, on the other hand, we recognize the value of human rights as global ethical imperatives for foundation and defense of a proposal of global justice from the perspective of the capability approach by Amartya Sen.
Acomodo de la diversidad, reconocimiento y justicia social.
Authors: Gil Blasco Marta
Published: October 2016

En primer lugar, expondremos el trasfondo común que comparten las propuestas multiculturalistas y las intercultralistas, esto es, el particular énfasis que ponen en la necesidad de reconocimiento para la conformación de la personalidad y en las patologías que se derivan de la falta de reconocimiento. En segundo lugar, veremos algunos de los problemas que suscitan los planteamientos multiculturalistas: minorías dentro de las minorías, esencialismo y ausencia de cohesión social. En este punto también expondremos algunas de las propuestas del interculturalismo para superar estos obstáculos. Por último, propondremos la noción de patriotismo constitucional como fórmula para la cohesión social, puesto que éste, al requerir una adhesión de tipo cívico, puede ser abrazado desde cualquier forma de vida particular, además de contemplar el importante papel de la sociedad civil a la hora de dar forma a sus principios a través del Derecho.In the first place, we will deal with the common background that multiculturalism and interclturalism share: the emphasis that they put in the necesity of recognition in the conformation of the personality and in the pathologies derived from the absence of recognition. In the second place, we will explore some of the problems that multiculturalism entails: minorities within minorities, essentialism and lack of social cohesion. At this point, we will explain some of the solutions that interculturalism has proposed for these problems. To conclude, we will propose the notion of constitutional patriotism as a means for achieving social cohesion. Constitutional patriotism demands some sort of civic engagement, so it can be supported from every particular cultural form of life. Besides, this proposal takes into account the important role of civic society when it comes to shape its principles through Law.
Doses de nitrogênio sobre produtividade e aspectos nutricionais de grãos e palha de trigo duplo propósito
Authors: Lima Wrobel Felipe , Neumann Mikael , Mattos Leão Guilherme Fernando , Horst Egon Henrique , Kyoshi Ueno Robson
Published: October 2016

A variedade de trigo duplo propósito, além da colheita e comercialização de grãos, pode se tornar uma alternativa viável na nutrição de ruminantes por meio do uso da palha residual. Além disto, outro ponto importante neste contexto seria o aumento das doses de nitrogênio que notadamente poderiam incrementar os níveis produtivos. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de dois níveis de adubação nitrogenada (120 kg ha-1 e 180 kg ha-1) sobre a produção e qualidade de grãos e da palha do trigo cultivar BRS Umbu na região de Guarapuava (PR). Utilizou-se como fonte de nitrogênio a ureia agrícola (45% de N). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, composto por dois tratamentos com oito repetições. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa (p>0,05) na produção de biomassa seca de palha (7.108,2 contra 7.581,9 kg ha-1) como na produção de grãos (2.929,5 e 3.062,0 kgha-1) para níveis de nitrogênio 120 e 180 kg ha-1, respectivamente. Os níveis de adubação nitrogenada alteraram as características nutricionais dos grãos de trigo, onde ocorreu diferença significativa (p<0,05)para os teores de proteína bruta (12,45 contra 13,28%) e peso de 1000 sementes (33,57 contra 32,86 g),respectivamente para 120 e 180 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio. Considerando a composição da palhada, o maior nível de adubação nitrogenada promoveu aumento (p<0,05) dos teores de fibra em detergente ácido (70,59 contra 63,54%) e de proteína bruta (3,04 e 2,67%), e redução dos teores de hemicelulose (20,01 contra 13,33%) e de nutrientes digestíveis totais (43,29 contra 38,43%) em relação ao menor nível. Sendo assim, não se recomenda o uso de doses de nitrogênio acima de 120 kg ha-1 para o trigo BRS Umbu.
Eficácia do praziquantel e da ivermectina em equinos infectados naturalmente com ciatostomíneos
Authors: Dobrowolski Elisa Cristina , Slompo Diego , De Oliveira Torres Carrasco Adriano , Seki Meire Christina
Published: October 2016

O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar a eficácia de um anti-helmíntico com dois princípios ativos associados(praziquantel e ivermectina) em 14 éguas de cria, com idade média de 15 anos no município de Guarapuava (PR). Foram coletadas fezes diretamente da ampola retal, em tronco de contenção, em um intervalo de tempo da primeira coleta para a segunda de 15 dias e da primeira para a terceira coleta de 30 dias. Estas éguas foram aleatoriamente divididas em grupo controle (sete animais) e grupo tratado (sete animais). Foi realizada a Técnica de Willis, Coprocultura e Técnica de McMaster. O resultado dos exames coproparasitológicos revelou que os ovos pertenciam à família Strongylidae, e com a coprocultura foi revelado que as larvas eram de ciatostomíneos. O produto revelou que na segunda coleta das fezes, a eficácia foi de 99,09% e a terceira coleta foi de 100%. Com isso, pode-se concluir que o tratamento com praziquantel e ivermectina emassociação é eficaz contra parasitas do gênero Cyathostomum sp.
Pythiosis rhinofacial zygomycosis in a hinny
Authors: Zimmermann Jeferson Júlio , Castilho de Evaristo Bruno , Da Silva Machado Luis Fagner , Neves Batista Thiago , Basílio de Oliveira Gneiding José Eduardo , Gneiding Beatriz , Lucioli Joelma
Published: October 2016

Equine pythiosis is a common disease in animals that graze in flooded areas of tropical and subtropical regions and it is caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. The lesions are characterized by a granulomatous appearance of uneven surface and with fistulae, associated with fibrin-oozing bloody and caseous necrotic materials called kunkers, which are usually located in the abdomen or distal extremities. In this study, a case of pythiosis location of rhinofacial pythiosis on a hinny sent to the Pathology Laboratory at the Veterinary School Hospital (FURB) was here described. Necrotic foci surrounded by infiltrates of eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages and plentiful fibrous connective tissue were observed in tissue samples from the region of nasal turbinates and face. Sparsely septate hyphae filaments were identified in the center of the necrotic areas. With the Grocott’s methenamine silver staining, branched hyphae septate were also observed within the necrotic foci, thus confirming the diagnosis of rhinofacial pythiosis in a hinny.
Best management practices used by companies in Campos Gerais region, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Ditkun Sérgio , Oshiro Jackson Luis , Kovaleski João Luiz , Negri Pagani Regina , Tadashi Yoshino Rui
Published: October 2016

In order to maintain its productivity, it is necessary for a company more than technical expertise of its staff; it is also necessary to use the techniques of industrial management, appropriate to achieve organizational goals. This article examines perceptions of students’ faculties in the in the region of Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brazil. They were asked to respond a questionnaire, which would demonstrate the reality of organizations where they work as formal collaborators or interns. The main objective of the research is to identify the use of management practices as tools to improve productivity and, consequently, organizational competitiveness. Through these information and analysis it was possible to make a comparison with the management practices used by companies in the State of Paraná, reported in the Industrial Survey, annually conducted by FIEP (Federation of Industries of Paraná State). The methodological research is characterized as descriptive and exploratory held by a multi-case study with qualitative approach. The survey results indicated that the business scenario in the region of Campos Gerais shows that the analyzed companies mostly do not adopt management practices. However, when considering the analysis by sector, it was observed that the ERP (Enterprise Requirements Planning) is the main technique used in the industrial sector, and in the other sectors the lack of a management technique prevails.
Age, growth, and natural mortality of schoolmaster (Lutjanus apodus) from the southeastern United States
Authors: Potts Jennifer C. , Burton Michael L. , Myers Amanda R.
Published: October 2016

Ages of schoolmaster (n= 136) from the southeastern Florida coast from 1981–2015 were determined using sectioned sagittal otoliths. Opaque zones were annular, forming March–July (peaking in May–June). Schoolmaster ranged in age from 1–42 years; the largest fish measured 505 mm total length (TL) and was 19 years old. The oldest fish measured 440 mm TL. Estimated body size relationships for schoolmaster were:W= 9.26 × 10−6TL3.11(n= 256,r2= 0.95);W= 2.13 × 10−5FL2.99(n= 161,r2= 0.95);TL= 1.03FL+ 10.36 (n= 143,r2= 0.99); andFL= 0.96TL− 8.41 (n= 143,r2= 0.99), whereW= whole weight in g,FL= fork length in mm, and TL in mm. The fitted von Bertalanffy growth equation was:Lt= 482 (1 −e−0.12(t+2.79)) (n= 136). Based on published life history relationships, a point estimate of natural mortality for schoolmaster wasM= 0.10, while age-specific estimates ofMranged from 1.57–0.18 for ages 1–42.
Performance de herbicidas para o controle de plantas daninhas no sorgo
Authors: Machado Fellipe Goulart , Jakelaitis Adriano , Gheno Eliezer Antonio , Oliveira Jr. Rubem Silvério de , Rios Fabiano Aparecido , Franchini Luiz Henrique Morais , Lima Mariucélio Santos
Published: October 2016

O controle químico de plantas daninhas na cultura do sorgo é limitado pela baixa quantidade de herbicidas registrados para a cultura. Estudos sobre os efeitos e eficácia dos herbicidas na cultura do sorgo são fundamentais para aumento de alternativas para o controle da comunidade infestante. A partir deste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de intoxicação provocado pelos herbicidas na cultura do sorgo, bem como a eficácia destes para o controle de plantas daninhas. O experimento foi realizado a campo no delineamento em blocos casualizados, avaliando-se oito tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência (g ha-1): trifluralin (1200), S-metolachlor (768) e clomazone (1000); quatro tratamentos com herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência: bentazon (720), bentazon + atrazine (480 + 880), atrazine (2200) e bentazon + pendimethalin (720 + 1000); além de uma testemunha sem herbicida (com plantas daninhas). Os herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência (clomazone, trifluralin e S-metolachlor) causaram elevada intoxicação às plantas de sorgo. Não foram constatadas injúrias nas plantas de sorgo pela utilização dos herbicidas em pós-emergência. Os herbicidas clomazone e trifluralin apresentaram controle para todas as plantas daninhas monocotiledôneas avaliadas, entretanto o S-metolachlor somente não obteve controle para C. echinatus. O uso de atrazine ou a sua mistura com bentazon se mostrou promissores para controle de plantas daninhas dicotiledôneas.
Characterizing the Self‐Healing Asphalt Materials: A Neutron Imaging Study
Authors: Liu Zhuhuan , Cavalli Maria C. , Kaestner Anders , Poulikakos Lily , Kringos Nicole
Published: September 2024

Given the significant role of asphaltic pavement in surface transportation systems, even minor enhancements in asphalt materials hold the potential for cost savings and reduced environmental impacts. The healing properties of asphalt have drawn interest for sustainability, yet much remains unknown about the causes and influencing factors. To leverage self‐healing for extending pavement life, understanding the mechanisms and conditions that stimulate microcrack healing is essential. This study aims to investigate the dynamic progress of microcrack closure in asphalt mastics. The time‐series evolution of crack closure led by self‐healing is tracked by neutron computed tomography, with image processing facilitating volumetric analysis over a 7 h period. The study examines the healing process in mastic samples with three different sand filler contents (10, 20, and 30%). Results show that for all the investigated samples, the healing rate declines exponentially over time, with 100% recovery not achieved after 7 h at room temperature. Filler content‐influenced healing speed and 20% sand demonstrate the best performance. Meanwhile, the healing performance varies within the 10% and 30% groups, depending on initial crack size. Additionally, the study finds that initial crack size influences healing behavior in the samples.
Influence of Surface Roughness on Phosphonation and Wettability of Nanosecond Laser‐Treated Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Zaitseva Nataliya , Tomashchuk Iryna , Marco de Lucas María del Carmen , Jouvard Jean‐Marie , Lavisse Luc
Published: September 2024

The duplex treatments of metal surfaces combining laser‐assisted functionalization and chemical modification attract a growing interest in view of better control of functional properties such as wettability. Patterned titanium oxides layers of different nature and roughness are produced in ambient atmosphere on a titanium surface using a nanosecond 532 nm Nd:YAG laser. Standalone lines and hatched surfaces obtained with different laser parameters are characterized by scanning electronic microscopy coupled with EDS analysis, micro‐Raman, XRD and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A set of surfaces having featureless and saw‐tooth morphologies of different roughnesses is modified with octylphosphonic acid (OPA). The effect of surface roughness on the efficiency of OPA grafting is investigated using XPS. It is found that the organic load on the chemically modified surfaces increases with surface roughness. The apparent thickness of the OPA layers is estimated using a standard uniform overlap model and considering the correction due to the corrugated appearance of the laser‐treated surfaces. The wetting properties of the surfaces before and after chemical modification are compared. The laser‐treated surfaces show superhydrophilic behavior consistent with Wenzel model. On the other hand, the chemically modified surfaces demonstrate a strong increase in hydrophobicity along with the roughness increase, in agreement with the Cassie–Baxter model.
4D Printing of 3D Carbon‐Medium Reinforced Thermosetting Shape Memory Polymer Composites with Superior Load‐Bearing and Fast‐Response Shape Reconfiguration
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhao Yatao , Zhu Yansong , Wang Feng , Wang Xiongzhi , Wang Ben , Xiao Hong , Duan Yugang
Published: September 2024

4D printing of continuous fiber‐reinforced shape memory polymer (SMP) composites is a promising technology that has emerged in recent years. Nonetheless, combining superior load‐bearing capacity with fast‐response shape reconstruction in intelligently‐driven structures is still a challenge due to the inferior thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the composites along the transverse and thickness directions of the continuous fibers. In this study, a multi‐scale 4D printing strategy for 3D carbon medium‐reinforced thermosetting SMP (Ts‐SMP) is proposed. This 3D reinforcement structure is realized by graphene synergized with continuous carbon fibers (GR‐CCF) to provide multidirectional thermal conductivity and load‐bearing paths for the composites. The reinforcement mechanism of GR‐CCF for Ts‐SMP is systematically investigated. The GR‐CCF reinforced Ts‐SMP composites exhibited superior performance, with a bending strength of 676.99 MPa, shape fixation ratio, and shape recovery ratio of 98.62% and 99.07%, respectively, and the local shape response reconfiguration within 6 s under near‐infrared light excitation. This study provides a reference for the integrated fabrication of high‐performance Ts‐SMP composites for complex structures. The composites offer prospective applications in space deployable antenna locking hoops, flexible solar sail support ribs, and optically driven robot actuators.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Vinyl‐Thiophosphate Formation Via Three‐Component Denitrative Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Ying , Zhu Yu , Ding Zong‐Cang , Tang Hai‐Tao , Pan Ying‐Ming , Duan Wen‐Gui , Cui Fei‐Hu
Published: September 2024

A three‐component denitrative cross‐coupling reaction mediated by visible light has been developed. Various 2‐arylvinyl thiophosphate compounds were synthesized with moderate‐to‐good yields using cheap, nontoxic, nonvolatile, and non‐hygroscopic elemental sulfur (S8) as the raw material. These transformations allow the direct formation of C−S and S−P bonds without metal catalyst via a one‐pot procedure.
Recyclable All‐in‐One Organo‐Photo‐Auxiliaries Enabling (sp3)C−(sp3)C Coupling Reactions with Diverse Functionalities
Authors: Maharjan Samjhana , Dakoju Ravi Kishore , Albano Bella , Ondiek Pamela A. , O'Shea Joseph M. , Cosme‐Hernandez Angel G. , Wink Donald , Pemberton Barry C. , Lopez Steven A. , Ayitou A. Jean‐Luc
Published: September 2024

Photochemical C−C coupling reactions can be tailored to industrial chemical processes and preparations of pharmaceuticals. Recent approaches in this area are limited to using precious transition metal coordination complexes that facilitate light absorption and redox processes with benchtop chemicals. Herein, we propose a paradigm that involves all‐in‐one organo‐photo‐auxiliaries, thio‐heteroarenes, which exhibit unique photophysical properties. These thio‐heteroarenes were employed to prepare several all‐in‐one ionic photo‐salts from commercially available alkyl/benzyl and heterocyclic halides via aromaticity‐mediated nucleophilic substitution reactions. From the library of >30 salts, we performed on‐demand photochemical C−C coupling reactions to isolate numerous symmetrical and unsymmetrical diary/alkyl‐ethanes with yields up to 84% and mass balance as high as 96%. We also investigated the influence of structural features/properties on the outcomes of the photochemical C−C coupling reactions. The current photochemical C−C method was successful in the isolation of >30 photoproducts, including the natural product Brittonin A, a precursor of Imipramine, and derivatives of the bioactive Honokiol Analogues. Furthermore, transient absorption spectroscopy and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations were used to decipher the nature of light‐promoted electronic transitions.
Bifacial and Angular‐Resolved Performance Characterization of Ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells Including Nanostructures
Authors: Koehler Tristan , Gao Yao , Schmid Martina
Published: September 2024

Bifacial solar cells experience growing interest not just for crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules. Thin‐film solar cells deposited on a transparent back contact bring inherent semitransparency, making them ideally suited for bifacial applications. Herein, a systematic investigation of bifacial measurement procedures is performed on semitransparent ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells on transparent conductive oxide, including nanostructures. The measurements are further extended by angular‐resolved performance studies. The bifaciality of the samples is determined to be ≈80% in current and ≈65% in power, and enables the calculation of an equivalent irradiance for solar cell testing under >1 sun front illumination only. The results are compared to bifacial operation, i.e., simultaneous front and rear irradiance, and to the summation of individual front and rear performance measurements up to 1 sun. It is revealed that highly similar results can be obtained for these approaches and that the integration of nanostructures supports device stabilization. Particularly, the higher (75 nm) SiO2 nanomeshes can enable performance enhancement. Furthermore, the angular‐dependent behavior follows the expected trend of reduced illumination intensity according to the cosine of the incident angle. In these findings, the suitability of semitransparent ultrathin CIGSe solar cells for bifacial operation and the benefit of integrated nanostructures is confirmed.
Educator's blueprint: Key considerations for using social media in survey‐based medical education research
Authors: Ogle Kathleen Y. , Hill Jeffery , Santen Sally A. , Gottlieb Michael , Artino Anthony R. , Thoma Brent
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we present a set of recommendations for using social media as a tool for participant recruitment in survey‐based medical education research. Drawing from a limited but growing body of literature, we discuss the opportunities and challenges inherent to social media recruitment. This article builds on the authors’ previous educator's blueprints about survey design and administration. We highlight the advantages of social media, including its wide reach, cost‐effectiveness, and capability to access diverse and geographically dispersed populations, which can significantly enhance the representativeness of research samples. However, we also caution against potential pitfalls, such as ethical concerns, sampling bias, and the fluid nature of social media platforms. Our recommendations are informed by both empirical evidence and best practices, aiming to provide researchers with practical advice for effectively leveraging social media in survey‐based medical education research. We emphasize the importance of selecting suitable platforms and engaging with targeted demographics thoughtfully. By sharing our insights, we hope to assist fellow medical education researchers in navigating the complexities of social media recruitment, thereby enriching the quality and impact of survey‐based research in this field.
Clinician perceptions on barriers and facilitators to 1‐year surveillance colonoscopy completion in survivors of colorectal cancer
Authors: Kwendakwema C. Natasha , Hopkins Talor , Bell‐Brown Ari , Simianu Vlad V. , Shankaran Veena , Issaka Rachel B.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Surveillance colonoscopy is recommended 1‐year after surgical resection for patients with stage I‐III CRC; however, only 18%–61% of CRC survivors complete this test. This study describes clinician‐identified barriers and facilitators to surveillance colonoscopy among CRC survivors.

Methods

We conducted semi‐structured interviews with clinicians until thematic saturation was achieved. Interviews were analyzed using the social cognitive theory.

Results

Thirteen clinicians were interviewed, and all identified health system‐level barriers to surveillance colonoscopy completion; the most common being fragmented care due to patients receiving care across many health systems. Clinicians also identified social determinants of health barriers (e.g., geographical distance between patients and health systems) to 1‐year surveillance colonoscopy completion.

Conclusions

Clinicians identified several potentially modifiable barriers to 1‐year surveillance colonoscopy completion which, if addressed, could improve post‐treatment care and outcomes among stage I‐III CRC survivors.
Comparison of outcomes from a university counselling service before and during COVID‐19: Exploring the use of remote therapy
Authors: Newcombe Connie , Broglia Emma , Wright Charlotte
Published: September 2024

Background

Research pooling data from UK university counselling services (UCSs) has allowed UCSs to compare their outcomes and demonstrate their effectiveness in improving student mental health. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, UCSs moved to remote delivery. Consequently, it was necessary to understand how this impacted students' outcomes.

Aims

This evaluation aimed to (1) understand how the therapeutic outcomes of a UCS compared with established norms in UK UCS literature, and (2) understand whether delivering therapy online affected student outcomes compared with UK norms from in‐person therapy.

Method

Sessional outcome data from 627 students who attended the UCS in the 2020/2021 academic year were gathered. Descriptive analyses of students' initial clinical data (determined by the CCAPS‐34) were conducted. Paired sample t‐tests determined differences between the pre‐ and post‐therapy scores. The effect size of this difference was derived.

Results

Students presented with high levels of academic distress, social anxiety, generalised anxiety and depression. The initial severity of mental health concerns was lower than that reported in previous literature. The largest improvements were evidenced for depression and general anxiety and 25% (n = 112) of students achieved reliable reductions in distress. Compared with existing literature, the UCS showed similar levels of improvement over therapy. It is suggested that remote therapy increased service accessibility.

Conclusion

The delivery of remote therapy produced results consistent with norms in the UK data, highlighting the effectiveness of online therapy for university students. Further large‐scale evaluations of student outcomes from remotely delivered therapy are recommended.
Cavity‐Based Discovery of New Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylases
Authors: Simić Stefan , Cespugli Marco , Hetmann Michael C. , Kahler Ursula , Jurkaš Valentina , Di Giacomo Marikagiusy , Russo Maria E. , Marzocchella Antonio , Gruber Christian C. , Nestl Bettina M. , Winkler Christoph K. , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: September 2024

Light‐dependent fatty acid photodecarboxylases (FAPs) hold significant potential for biotechnology, due to their capability to produce alka(e)nes directly from the corresponding (un)saturated natural fatty acids requiring light as the only reagent. This study expands the family of FAPs through cavity‐based enzyme discovery methods. Thirty enzyme candidates with potential photodecarboxylation activity were identified by matching the cavities of four related template structures against the Protein Data Bank's flavoproteins, a library of proteins identified via the Foldseek Search Server, and homology models of sequences resulting from BLAST. Subsequent docking experiments narrowed this library to ten promising enzymes, which were expressed and assessed in vitro, identifying four photodecarboxylases. Out of these enzymes, the GMC oxidoreductase from Coccomyxa sp. Obi (CoFAP) was characterized in detail, which revealed high activity in the decarboxylation reactions of palmitic acid and octanoic acid and a broad pH tolerance (pH 6.5–9.5).
Amalgamating multiple selves in the storied experience of cross‐cultural mentorship
Authors: Qu Xiaoxuan , Luke Melissa
Published: September 2024

This narrative inquiry explores cross‐cultural experiences of a faculty mentor and an international doctoral student mentee in counselor education. Analysis unearthed themes on the approach to and experience of cross‐cultural mentorship, attunement and affirmation, growth opportunities, and professional and personal connections. Findings considered mentorship literature and addressed future application implications.
Conversion of Sugars to Lactic Acid using Homogeneous Niobium‐Substituted Polyoxometalate Catalysts
Authors: Wesner Anne , Raabe Jan‐Christian , Poller Maximilian J. , Meier Sebastian , Riisager Anders , Albert Jakob
Published: September 2024

The catalytic conversion of biomass into high‐value chemicals is an increasing field of research. This study uniquely investigates the use of various Keggin‐type heteropoly salts (HPS) for the chemical conversion of sugars into lactic acid under mild conditions of 160 °C and 20 bar N2. In the first phase, Nb– and V–substituted HPSs were employed to synthesize lactic acid from dihydroxyacetone, an intermediate in the conversion of sugars to lactic acid. Results indicated that increasing the Nb content within the Keggin structure enhances the yield of lactic acid while reducing the formation of the byproduct acetaldehyde. A correlation was established between the redox activity of the HPS and the catalytic performance. The most active catalyst, Na5[PNb2Mo10O40], (NaNb2) achieved a lactic acid yield of 20.9 % after 1 h of reaction. In the second phase of the study, NaNb2 was applied for the conversion of different sugars including glucose, fructose, mannose, sucrose, xylose, and cellobiose. It was demonstrated that the catalyst remains active for complex hexoses, achieving lactic acid yields of up to 12 %. Post‐mortem analysis using infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) confirmed the stability of NaNb2.
Differential use of nest materials and niche space among avian species within a single ecological community
Authors: Akresh Michael E. , Mandell David , Grima Peter P. , King David I. , Lauer Kathryn
Published: September 2024

Differential use of resources among bird species has been examined extensively in diet and nesting sites, but few studies have assessed this regarding avian nest materials. We assessed the structure and composition of nests in a group of co‐existing passerine shrubland birds at a site in Massachusetts, USA. We found, measured, collected, and dissected nests, and then weighed nest materials in morphological groups (e.g., bark, twigs, feathers) to determine if our seven focal species were using different nest materials. Among species, we compared proportional material masses in complete nests, and also separately in the exterior, structural part of the nest and the interior, cup lining. We found that the proportional masses of all 17 material types that we examined in nests differed among species. The compositions of nests among all seven bird species were distinct in multivariate ordination space and only a few pairs of species had substantial niche overlap. Proportional masses of materials within discrete sections (exterior and interior) also varied among species. Although some differences in nest composition could be partially explained by bird species size, nest materials differed even within the three larger bodied species and within four smaller bodied species. Our study builds upon previous studies that have shown species‐specificity in avian nest composition and supports the notion that birds using the same environment have distinct niches in relation to the materials placed in their nests. Niche partitioning due to interspecific competition could partially explain our findings, as certain materials are limited as resources, and searching for suitable nest materials is energetically costly. Additionally, other factors, such as partitioned nest sites, may have led to differential nest material use. We recommend further research to help elucidate underlying mechanisms of nest composition partitioning in birds and potentially other nest‐building taxa.