bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Literature Review on School-Based Speech-Language Pathology Collaboration Research
Authors: Evans Imani O. , Spence Christine M. , Rodgers Wendy J. , Scott LaRon A.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

School-based teams are called to be collaborative in order to appropriately and effectively serve students. Speech-language pathologists play crucial roles on school-based teams. This systematic review sought to synthesize existing empirical evidence on collaborative perceptions and experiences in research that included school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Method:

A systematic literature review was conducted, which included Boolean search methods of the Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, Education Resources Information Center, Academic Search Complete, Education Research Complete, and PubMed databases. Through an abstract, text screening, and progeny search process, 26 articles met the study's inclusion criteria. Relevant data were extracted from each article, analyzed, synthesized, and organized into themes to answer the research questions.

Results:

The main findings from the systematic review were organized into (a) study design and participants; (b) purpose, definitions, and collaborative activities; (c) perceptions of collaboration; (d) engagement in collaboration; (e) facilitators and barriers; (f) collaboration and telepractice; and (g) differing findings based on demographic factors.

Conclusions:

Underscoring the complexity of school-based collaboration, researchers have utilized varied designs and frameworks to explore collaborative perceptions and experiences in research including school-based SLPs. While SLPs generally view school-based collaboration as valuable, engagement in collaboration is not as clear-cut. The number of facilitators and barriers described, variability in frameworks and definitions, and limited disaggregation across demographic factors underlie the need for continued research and have implications for policy and practice.
Thermodynamic model and electric smelting of a mixture of cake from leaching of vanadium-containing quartzites with coal beneficiation tailings
Authors: Badikova Alexandra D. , Shevko Viktor M. , Aitkulov Dosmurat K.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of studies of obtaining a ferroalloy from a mixture of coal beneficiation tailings and cake from leaching of vanadium-containing quartzites (black shales) of the Balasauskandyk deposit. The study was carried out using the HSC-6.0 software package, using the Equilibrium Compositions module and the second-order rotatable planning method (Box-Hunter plan), followed by geometric optimization of equilibrium process parameters. Based on the studies on the interaction of coal beneficiation tailings and cake from leaching of vanadium-containing quartzites in the presence of iron, it was found that under equilibrium conditions, an increase in the ratio of coal beneficiation tailings to leaching cake, which allows increasing the degree of silicon extraction in FeSi, Si, is accompanied by undesirable development of SiC formation and positive decrease in the degree of gaseous SiO formation. In the temperature range of 1500–2000 °C, an increase in the tailings to the cake ratio from 0 to 1.7 increases the degree of silicon extraction into the alloy to 67.8% at 1900 °C and aluminum to 33.94% at 2000 °C. Ferrosilicon of the FeSi45 grade, with 51.1–66% Si extraction into it, is formed in the temperature range of 1703–1900 °C from a mixture of tailings and cake with their ratio from 0.38 to 1. By electric smelting of a mixture of tailings (containing 30–47% C) with cakes with a ratio from 1.0 to 0.32 together with steel cuttings, a ferroalloy − ferrosilicon of the FeSi45 grade with a content of 37–42% Si was obtained.
Added Sinonasal Morbidity of Transpterygoid Approach versus Transsphenoidal Approach: A Case-Controlled Analysis
Authors: Saroya Jasmeet , Huang Alice E. , Hooseinzadeh Farideh , Lee Christine K. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan , Hwang Peter H. , Patel Zara M. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Chang Michael T.
Published: January 2025

Background The transpterygoid approach is often used alongside the transsphenoidal approach in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery to access lateral skull base regions. This study investigates the sinonasal morbidity associated with this combined approach.

Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 70 adult patients who underwent either transsphenoidal (TS) or transsphenoidal plus transpterygoid (TS + TP) approaches at a tertiary academic hospital from 2018 to 2023. Sinonasal quality of life was measured using the Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) at preoperative, 2-week, 6-week, and 12-week postoperative evaluations.

Results Both cohorts exhibited a significant increase in SNOT-22 scores at 2 weeks postoperatively (TS: mean increase of 8.5, p = 0.020; TS + TP: mean increase of 12.3, p < 0.001), which normalized by 6 and 12 weeks (TS: p = 0.587 and p = 0.987, respectively; TS + TP: p = 0.378 and p = 0.220, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in sinonasal morbidity between the TS and TS + TP cohorts at any time point. Middle turbinate (MT) sacrifice was associated with higher SNOT-22 scores (B = 12.559, p = 0.035), indicating worsened sinonasal outcomes.

Conclusion The transpterygoid approach, when added to the transsphenoidal approach, does not increase long-term sinonasal morbidity. This suggests that the combined approach is a viable option for achieving broader surgical exposure without compromising sinonasal quality of life in the long term. Further studies with extended follow-up are needed to confirm these findings and explore additional quality of life metrics.
Photochemical synthesis of fused indole derivatives
Authors: Samsonenko Anna , Kostyuchenko Anastasia S. , Zheleznova Tatyana Yu. , Ulyankin Evgeny B , Shuvalov Vladislav , Shatsauskas Anton L. , Chernenko Sergey A. , Fisyuk Alexander S.
Published: January 2025

A new approach was proposed to the synthesis of fused indole derivatives based on 4,5-diaryl-substituted 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates. Iodine-promoted photochemical cyclization of 4,5-diaryl-substituted 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates leading to 1H-dithieno[2,3-e:3',2'-g]indole, 10H-benzo[e]thieno[3,2-g]indole, 1H-dibenzo[e,g]indole, 3,6-dihydrobenzo[4,5]indolo[7,6-c]carbazole was studied.
Mechanisms for splitting of the energies of atomic excitations with intermediate radius in inert matrices
Authors: Ratner A. M. , Fugol’ I. Ya.
Published: January 2025

The splitting of the luminescence lines of an impurity inert atom corresponds to nonequilibrium metastable variants of local restructuring of the lattice, subjected to strong pressure from the outer s-cloud of the excited atom. The dynamic splitting of the absorption line of impurity alkali atoms can be observed only if the interaction with the fully symmetric vibration of the lattice is weak. It is shown that this interaction is substantially weakened by the competition with the covalent bond.
Condensed state of hydrogen in metals at low temperatures
Authors: Gol’ter A. É. , Roshchupkin A. M.
Published: January 2025

The volume fraction of solid H2 in the pores of a metal is estimated on the basis of the phase diagram of molecular hydrogen. It is shown that the contribution of solid H2 to the internal friction in a metal-hydrogen system can be distinguished.
Unified representation of the melting curves of hydrogen isotopes in reduced coordinates
Authors: Bereznyak N. G. , Sheĭnina A. A. , Sibileva R. M.
Published: January 2025

A simple universal relation in reduced coordinates has been obtained for the melting curves of hydrogen isotopes. For the reduction procedure we used the parameters of the ground state of the material, taking into account the role of quantum effects.
Interaction of an acoustic wave with electrons on a flat spot of the Fermi surface: I. Normal metals
Authors: Bezuglyi E. V. , Stepanenko A. M. , Fil’ V. D.
Published: January 2025

A theoretical and experimental study of the electron contribution to the attenuation (α/q) and velocity (Δs/s) of a longitudinal acoustic wave in high-purity gallium is reported. The observed anomalies of the temperature and angular dependences of α/q and Δs/s are attributed to the existence of a flat spot on the Fermi surface, localized in the sixth valence band. It is shown that the resonance singularities of the strain contribution to the sound attenuation and velocity are completely compensated in the frequency interval f ≤ 250 MHz by solenoidal electromagnetic fields accompanying the propagation of sound in the metal. It is predicted theoretically that a weakly attenuated electromagnetic “beam” wave can be excited by a hypersonic field in a normal metal in the absence of a magnetic field.
Magnetic properties of aluminum alloys
Authors: Vorontsov S. A. , Svechkarev I. V.
Published: January 2025

The magnetic susceptibility of solid solutions of magnesium in aluminum at temperatures of 20–300 K is studied. The irregular contribution of electronic states in the vicinity of the intersection of the second and third bands on the WX symmetry line of the Brillouin zone to the orbital susceptibility is calculated in the two-band approximation. The observed features in the susceptibility are identified based on the calculation as electronic topological transitions at 2.2 and 6.7 at. % Mg. The positions of the corresponding critical points in the spectrum of aluminum and the parameters of scattering of electrons by magnesium and zinc impurities are determined.
Scattering of bound quasiparticles (dynamic solitons) by a point defect in a one-dimensional system
Authors: Kivshar’ Yu. S. , Kosevich A. M. , Chubykalo O. A.
Published: January 2025

The scattering of a soliton (bound quasiparticle state) by a point defect in a one-dimensional system is investigated within the framework of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The fast-soliton scattering intensity is calculated and compared with the total intensity of the scattering of free quasiparticles. It is shown that the soliton scattering intensity tends to zero as the quasiparticle binding energy is increased.
Mechanism for T
c increase with injection of Cu into PdHx
Authors: Zherikhina L. N. , Ginodman V. B.
Published: January 2025

The temperature dependences of the resistivity ρ(T) of Pd, Pd1−y Cuy, PdHx, and Pd1−y CuyHx in the temperature range 4.2−180 K were measured. The magnetic susceptibility of the alloys Pd1−y Cuy, was measured at room temperature. The value of θD of acoustic phonons, θϵ of optical phonons, and the ratio of the electron–phonon interaction constant with optical and acoustic phonons λo/λs were determined from the dependences ρ(T). It was found that the introduction of Cu into PdHx decreases θD and substantially increases λo, which increases Tc. The increase in λ0 is apparently linked with the behavior of the partial density of the s states of the electrons on H atoms.
Emission from a soliton in a resonant field
Authors: Malomed B. A.
Published: January 2025

The radiant power of plasma waves emitted by a fluxon in a long Josephson junction under the action of an impressed alternating current with a frequency close to the plasma frequency of the contact is calculated, along with the power of spin waves emitted by a quasione-dimensional domain wall in a weak easy-plane ferromagnet under the action of an external magnetic field with a frequency close to parametric resonance. The resonant emission from small-amplitude breathers (dynamical solitons) and the emission from a breather in a weak ferromagnet under the action of a randomly varying field are investigated. The investigation is carried out by a perturbation theory based on the inverse-scattering method for the sine–Gordon equation, in which the external field plays the role of a small perturbation.
Effect of structural transformations in a crystal-matrix on superradiance evolution
Authors: Zinov’ev P. V. , Malyukin Yu. V. , Rudenko E. N. , Samartsev V. V. , Silaeva N. B.
Published: January 2025

The effect of structural transformations in the crystal-matrix of diphenyl on the parameters of the radiation emitted by impurity diphenyl molecules in 1B2u→1A8 (SR) and 1B2u→1Ag×ag transitions has been investigated experimentally in the temperature range from 1.5 to 60° K. The results obtained are interpreted on the assumption that superradiance is emitted in the 1B2u→1Ag×ag transition, which is complicated by radiation relaxation from the 1Ag×ag sublevel.
Shubnikov–de Haas effect in point-contact electrical conductivity
Authors: Gribov N. N. , Shklyarevskiĭ O. I. , Ass E. I. , Andrievskiĭ V. V.
Published: January 2025

The magnetoresistance of bismuth point contacts has been investigated as a function of the transport current and the temperature. The effective temperature of the electron gas in the contact is found to depend weakly on the current, which suggests that the length of phonon emission by hot electrons in such point contacts is considerably shorter than the reabsorption length for nonequilibrium phonons.
Characteristics of electrical and thermal conductivity of amorphous alloy Fe80Si6B14 at low temperatures
Authors: Merisov B. A. , Khadzhai G. Ya. , Berner Kh. , Gavrenko O. A.
Published: January 2025

The electrical and thermal conductivity of the amorphous ferromagnet Fe80Se6B14 are studied at low temperatures. The electrical resistance has a minimum at T ≃ 8 K. At lower temperatures, the electrical resistance varies as T−1/2. In the same temperature range the experimentally measured thermal conductivity is less than the value calculated from the Wiedemann–Franz–Lorentz law, indicating that the scattering of the conduction electrons is inelastic.
Scattering of a fluxon at the interface between two long Josephson junctions
Authors: Kosevich A. M. , Kivshar’ Yu. S. , Chubykalo O. A.
Published: January 2025

The interaction of a nonlinear solitary wave of magnetic flux (fluxon) with the contact boundary between two long Josephson junctions is described. It is shown with the help of the perturbation theory for solitons that the motion of a slow fluxon can be regarded as the motion of a classical particle in an effective stepped potential. The conditions under which the stopping of a fluxon (binding with the interface) and its oscillation are possible, are indicated. It is pointed out that in the bound state a fluxon can absorb energy resonantly, owing to the alternating component of the external current. The transition radiation generated by the fluxon on passage through an interface is studied. The total radiated energy is calculated and its spectral composition is determined. It is predicted that the dependence of the radiated energy on the density of the external current is nonmonotonic.
Structure and physical properties of the superconducting metal oxides Y–Ba–Cu–0
Authors: Bar’yakhtar V. G. , Pan V. M. , Popov A. G. , Flis V. S. , Vasilenko-Sheremet’ev M. G. , Matsuĭ V. I. , Mikhaĭlov I. G. , Kuznetsov M. A. , Flis A. A. , Valentinov V. D. , Yachmenev V. E. , Lyashko V. A. , Manzheleev I. V.
Published: January 2025

It is concluded from a combined study of the structure and physical properties of the metal oxide superconductors Y–Ba–Cu–O that the superconductivity with Tc≃90°K is due to the compound YBa2Cu3Ox, which has an orthorhombic perovskite-type structure, while the phase of composition (Y1−xBax)2CuO4−δ presumably has Tc≃50°K. A percolation model of the structure of the metal oxides studied explains the positive curvature of Bc2(T) near Tc and the comparatively small values of χ in the superconducting state.
Electronic structure of the compound La2−xSrxCuO4
Authors: Timoshevskiĭ A. N.
Published: January 2025

The electronic structure of the ceramic La2−xSrxCuO4 was studied based on the cluster approximation. The densities of the electronic states of the atoms in the compound were calculated. A characteristic feature of the electronic structure is the presence of an unfilled 4f shell of the metal atom, which is strongly localized and is of an atomic character, in the vicinity of the Fermi level. This fact can be decisive in the explanation of the superconducting properties of this compound.
Electrical and magnetic properties of La(Ba, Sr)CuO and YBaCuO superconducting compounds
Authors: Verkin B. I. , Dmitriev V. M. , Zvyagin A. I. , Kosmyna M. B. , Kut’ko V. I. , Litinskaya L. S. , Panfilov A. S. , Pluzhnikov V. B. , Prikhod’ko O. R. , Saliichuk E. K. , Svechkarev I. V. , Svetlov V. N. , Seminozhenko V. P. , Solov’ev A. L. , Khristenko E. V. , Churilov G. E.
Published: January 2025

We have studied the electrical resistivity and magnetic properties of high-resistance lanthanum and yttrium metal-oxide ceramics. These properties indicate that the superconductivity of such ceramics is due to a network of conducting channels. We found the superconducting gap to be 2Δ ≲ (5.2–5.9) kTc and have measured its temperature dependence and the value of Hc1 for a number of the ceramics.
Upper critical magnetic fields in superlattice superconductors
Authors: Minenko E. V.
Published: January 2025

We consider the possibility of studying the structure of a superlattice made from type-II superconductors by using the angular and thermal dependences of the critical magnetic fields Hc2. We obtain expressions for the critical field Hc2 for a superlattice of arbitrary dimensions but with a general periodic potential. We show that measurements of the angular and temperature dependences of Hc2 can be used as a method for determining the structure and superlattice parameters in a region where its period is of the order of the mean coherence length in the superconductors [a⋅cξ¯(T)].
Magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistance of La2−xSrxCuO4−y
Authors: Mikhailov I. G. , Moiseev D. P. , Tolpygo S. K. , Uvarova S. K.
Published: January 2025

The temperature dependence of the electrical resistance R(T) and magnetic susceptibility χ(T) of the compounds La2−xSrxCuO4−y with x = 0−0.2 have been studied. It was shown that as x increases a dielectric–metal transition occurs in the compounds. The R(T) dependence for small x is characteristic for an Anderson localization. A conclusion is drawn on the basis of measurements of χ(T) about the monovalent state of copper in the compounds studied.
High-temperature phase transformations in YBa2Cu3O7+δ and their influence on the superconducting transition
Authors: Sukharevskii B. Ya. , Shatalova G. E. , Khokhlova S. I. , Mikheenko P. N. , Ksenofontov V. G. , Zhikharev I. V. , Vilkova I. V. , Tsybul’skii E. O. , Malyshev E. N.
Published: January 2025

The existence of low-temperature (T ≤ 700 K), intermediate equilibrium (700 K ≤ T ≤ 900 K), and quenched metastable phases, as well as a high-temperature tetragonal phase (T ≥ 900 K) has been established. Transition between the first two phases is accompanied by the loss on heating and the addition on cooling of one oxygen ion per formula unit. Superconductivity exists in the low-temperature phase, where the copper ions belonging to the two middle copper-oxygen planes are octahedrally coordinated by oxygen ions.
Relation between plastic and superconducting properties of zinc single crystals
Authors: Gektina I. V. , Lavrent’ev F. F. , Pustovalov V. V. , Shumilin S. É.
Published: January 2025

The effect of superconducting transition on the plastic properties of zinc is studied under the conditions of twinning and slipping. It is found that the flow stress depends on the state of the sample compressed along the hexagonal axis, when twinning causes a deformation of up to ϵ ≃ 5% in zinc. The temperature and deformation dependence of ΔτNS are obtained. The effect of twinning on the superconducting transition temperature is also studied.
Thermal skin effect in semimetals
Authors: Bogod Yu. A. , Krasovitskiĭ Vit. V. , Lemeshevskaya E. T.
Published: January 2025

The thermal skin effect was observed in bismuth with the help of the inversion effect. Unlike other forms of the static skin effect, this method makes it possible to determine the flux distribution in the sample.
Structure of charge complexes accompanying diffusion of positive ions in inert-gas matrices
Authors: Potapov S. G. , Sukhanov L. P.
Published: January 2025

It is shown theoretically that when protons diffuse in low-temperature inert-gas matrices the stable molecular ions RH+ and R2H+ (R = He, Ar) with binding energy De ≥ 0.3 eV form. The rest of the nearest atoms of the lattice are attracted to the molecular ion R2H+, forming a polarization “coat.” The formation of such molecular ions must be taken into account when describing diffusion mechanisms at very low temperatures, at which the classical activation mechanism is suppressed.
Increase of the upper critical magnetic field in structurally nonuniform superconductors
Authors: Pan V. M. , Prokhorov V. G. , Tret’yachenko K. G. , Shpigel’ A. S.
Published: January 2025

The characteristics of the temperature dependence of the upper critical magnetic field Hc2 (T) of structurally nonuniform semiconductors are studied. The equation of the theory of Maki–Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg (MWHH) for Hc2 (T) is extended to the case of weakly nonuniform systems with a characteristic scale of nonuniformity much smaller than the effective coherence length. It is shown that increasing the variance σ2(D) of the diffusion coefficient D increases the slope and extends the linear section of the dependence Hc2 (T); the value of Hc2 (0) also increases. For unsymmetric distribution functions P (D) regions of positive slope can appear on the curve Hc2 (T).
Many-body approach to the determination of the energy spectrum of multicomponent superconductors
Authors: Yukhnovskii I. R. , Vavrukh M. V.
Published: January 2025

An approach is proposed for the description of superconducting systems which takes into account the electron structure of the ions, correlations in a system of collectivized electrons, and electron-phonon interactions. The effective Hamiltonian of the subsystem of conduction electrons responsible for the transition to the superconducting state is obtained. A preliminary estimate of the influence of electron correlations on the transition temperature is carried out.
The entropy–temperature diagram for 3He
Authors: Karnatsevich L. V. , Bogoyavlenskiĭ I. V. , Konareva V. G.
Published: January 2025

The entropy–temperature diagram for 3He in the range 1.5 ≤ T ≤ 60 °K and l ≤ P ≤ 100 atm has been constructed on the basis of experimental P–V–T data for 3He. The inversion curve for the Joule–Thomson effect is also gien for 3He in P–T coordinates.
Microlocal analysis of waves across the event horizon of an extremal rotating black hole
Authors: Kujanpää Antti
Published: January 2025

Static black holes contain regions of spacetime, which not even light can escape from. In the center of mass frame, these blocks are separated from each other by event horizons. Unlike pointlike particles, fields can spread and interact non-causally across the horizons. The microlocal theory of this is somewhat incomplete, however. For instance, the theory of real principal type operators does not apply on the horizon. In this article, we address this issue for the extremal rotating black hole. Namely, we show that null covectors on the horizon of the extremal Kerr spacetime form an involutive double characteristic manifold and then extend the construction of parametrix across the event horizon. This provides a mathematical basis for the asymptotic oscillatory solutions in the region. Such approximations are central in quantum mechanics. In contrast to the real principal case, solutions near the horizon admit two channels for propagation of singularities. Indeed, there is additional propagation along the double characteristic variety.
Nonlinear effects of resource allocation delay on epidemic spreading in complex networks
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Yang Xiaolong , Wang Ruijie , Li Aimin , Yang Xiaoyang , Cai Shimin , Wang Wei
Published: January 2025

The impact of resource allocation on the dynamics of epidemic spreading is an important topic. In real-life scenarios, individuals usually prioritize their own safety, and this self-protection consciousness will lead to delays in resource allocation. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the impact of resource allocation delay on epidemic spreading. To this end, a coupled model for resource allocation and epidemic spreading is proposed, which considers both the allocation decisions and delay behavior of individuals with limited resources. Through theoretical analysis, the influence mechanism of resource allocation delay on epidemic spreading is deduced, and the relationship among epidemic threshold, delay time, and the fraction of cautious individuals is obtained, and finally, the stability of the solution under different conditions is proven. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of epidemic spreading under the influence of the two factors are systematically studied by combining numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. The results show that the impact of delay behavior exhibits nonlinear characteristics, namely, appropriate delay can enhance control effectiveness, while excessive delay results in insufficient resource allocation and consequently increases infection risk. Particularly, an optimal delay that maximizes the epidemic threshold is identified. In addition, an increase in the proportion of cautious individuals can significantly increase the epidemic threshold, but an excessively high proportion can severely constrain resource allocation, which reduces the control effectiveness. The results of this study provide scientific evidence for developing more effective epidemic control strategies, particularly in optimizing resource allocation and improving control outcomes.
A templex-based study of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation dynamics in idealized chaotic models
Authors: Mosto Caterina , Charó Gisela D. , Sévellec Florian , Tandeo Pierre , Ruiz Juan J. , Sciamarella Denisse
Published: January 2025

Significant changes in a system’s dynamics can be understood through modifications in the topological structure of its flow in phase space. In the Earth’s climate system, such changes are often referred to as tipping points. One of the large-scale components that may pass a tipping point is the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Our understanding of tipping points can be enhanced using a recently proposed mathematical concept—the templex—which enables the identification of dynamics of different classes. Unlike traditional topological invariants, templex properties describe not only the topology of the underlying structure of a set of points in phase space associated with a finite time series but also the non-equivalent pathways allowed by the flow around that structure. In this study, we investigate the dynamics produced by an idealized autonomous model and its nonautonomous counterpart to consider long-term climate changes and reproduce phenomena occurring during different epochs, such as glacial and interglacial intervals. In the nonautonomous system, the trajectory visits two distinct domains in phase space, one of which shares certain properties with those found in the autonomous case. A dissection of the templex and the definition of active templex properties improve our understanding of how the system tips from one regime to another. We also discuss the relationship between our results and the nonautonomous model’s pullback attractor.
Processing and inspection of high-pressure microfluidics systems: A review
Authors: Song Jiangyi , Meng Shaoxin , Liu Jianben , Chen Naichao
Published: January 2025

In the field of microfluidics, high-pressure microfluidics technology, which utilizes high driving pressure for microfluidic analysis, is an evolving technology. This technology combines microfluidics and pressurization, where the flow of fluid is controlled by means of high-pressure-driven devices greater than 10 MPa. This paper first reviews the existing high-pressure microfluidics systems and describes their components and applications. Then, it summarizes several materials used in the microfabrication of high-pressure microfluidics chips, reviewing their properties, processing methods, and bonding methods. In addition, advanced laser processing techniques for the microfabrication of high-pressure microfluidics chips are described. Last, the paper examines the analytical detection methods employed in high-pressure microfluidics systems, encompassing optical and electrochemical detection methods. The review of analytical detection methods shows the different functions and application scenarios of high-pressure microfluidics systems. In summary, this study provides an efficient and advanced microfluidics system, which can be widely used in chemical engineering, food industry, and environmental engineering under high pressure conditions.
Scanless laser waveform measurement in the near-infrared
Authors: Truong Tran-Chau , Liu Yangyang , Khatri Dipendra , Zhang Yuxuan , Shim Bonggu , Chini Michael
Published: January 2025

Field-resolved measurements of few-cycle laser waveforms allow access to ultrafast electron dynamics in light–matter interactions and are key to future lightwave electronics. Recently, sub-cycle gating based on nonlinear excitation in active pixel sensors has allowed the first single-shot measurements of mid-infrared optical fields. Extending the techniques to shorter wavelengths, however, is not feasible using silicon-based detectors with bandgaps in the near-infrared. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical sampling technique for near-infrared laser fields, wherein an intense fundamental field generates a sub-cycle gate through nonlinear excitation of a wide-bandgap crystal, in this case, ZnO, which can sample the electric field of a weak perturbing pulse. By using a crossed-beam geometry, the temporal evolution of the perturbing field is mapped onto a transverse spatial axis of the nonlinear medium, and the waveform is captured in a single measurement of the spatially resolved fluorescence emission from the crystal. The technique is demonstrated through field-resolved measurements of the field reshaping during nonlinear propagation in the ZnO detection crystal.
Interface effects in the phase determination of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 epitaxial thin films
Authors: Schimpf Jesse , Zhang Wang , Manna Mahir , Susarla Sandhya , Lu Xue-Zeng , Rondinelli James M. , Martin Lane W.
Published: January 2025

HfO2-based ferroelectrics show tremendous potential for applications in computing technologies, but questions remain as to what dictates the stabilization of the desired phase. Here, it is demonstrated that the substrate the film is grown on is more influential than factors such as thickness, defect content, and strain. The presence of different possible polymorphs of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 are observed to vary widely for different substrate materials—with La0.67Sr0.33MnO3, (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7, and Al2O3 being (more) optimal for stabilizing the ferroelectric-orthorhombic phase. This substrate effect is found to be more influential than any changes observed from varying the film thickness (7.5–60 nm), deposition environment (oxygen vs argon), and annealing temperature (400–600 °C) in vacuum (10−5 Torr). X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy verify the phases present, and capacitor-based studies reveal ferroelectric behavior (or lack thereof) consistent with the phases observed. First-principles calculations suggest that forming oxygen vacancies in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 lowers its work function, driving electrons away and helping to stabilize the ferroelectric phase. Substrates with a high work function (e.g., La0.67Sr0.33MnO3) facilitate this electron transfer but must also have sufficient ion conductivity to support oxygen-vacancy formation in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2. Together, these observations help clarify key factors essential to the stabilization of HfO2-based ferroelectrics.
Solving parametric high-Reynolds-number wall-bounded turbulence around airfoils governed by Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using time-stepping-oriented neural network
Authors: Cao Wenbo , Shan Xianglin , Tang Shixiang , Ouyang Wanli , Zhang Weiwei
Published: January 2025

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as popular methods for solving forward and inverse problems governed by partial differential equations. However, PINNs still face significant challenges when solving high-Reynolds-number flows with multi-scale phenomena. In our previous work, we proposed time-stepping-oriented neural network (TSONN), which transforms the ill-conditioned optimization problem of PINNs into a series of well-conditioned sub-problems, successfully solving the three-dimensional laminar flow around a wing at a Reynolds number of 5000. In this paper, we extend TSONN to high-Reynolds-number wall-bounded turbulence around airfoils governed by the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. Specifically, we propose a semi-coupled strategy to address the convergence issues caused by the turbulence model. This strategy updates certain terms in the turbulence model only during the outer iterations while freezing these terms in the inner iterations, thereby avoiding excessive gradients that could jeopardize network optimization. Using this strategy, we successfully solve turbulence around airfoils. Furthermore, we address a parametric problem with respect to the angle of attack. Our experimental results demonstrate that the computational cost of solving this parametric problem using TSONN is comparable to that of solving a single flow problem, highlighting its efficiency in solving parametric problems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a PINN-like method has been used to solve the RANS equations coupled complex turbulence model, paving the way for fluid-related engineering problems.
Perspectives on Mars Sample Return: A critical resource for planetary science and exploration
Authors: McSween Harry Y. , Hamilton Victoria E. , Farley Kenneth A.
Published: January 2025

Mars Sample Return (MSR) has been the highest flagship mission priority in the last two Planetary Decadal Surveys of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (hereafter, “the National Academies”) and was the highest priority flagship for Mars in the Decadal Survey that preceded them. This inspirational and challenging campaign, like the Apollo program’s returned lunar samples, will potentially revolutionize our understanding of Mars and help inform how other planets are explored. MSR’s technological advances will keep the NASA and European Space Agency at the forefront of planetary exploration, and data on returned samples will fill knowledge gaps for future human exploration. Investigations of the ancient rocks collected in and around Jezero crater, as well as samples of the regolith and atmosphere, will be fundamentally different in scope, depth, and certainty from what is achievable with spaceborne observations. Returned Mars samples can address critical science issues including the discovery and characterization of ancient extraterrestrial life, prebiotic organic chemistry, the history of habitable planetary environments, planetary geological, geochemical, and geophysical evolution, orbital dynamics of bodies in the early Solar System, and the formation and evolution of atmospheres.
Sampling Mars: Geologic context and preliminary characterization of samples collected by the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission
Authors: Herd Christopher D. K. , Bosak Tanja , Hausrath Elisabeth M. , Hickman-Lewis Keyron , Mayhew Lisa E. , Shuster David L. , Siljeström Sandra , Simon Justin I. , Weiss Benjamin P. , Wadhwa Meenakshi , Zorzano Maria-Paz , Maki Justin N. , Farley Kenneth A. , Stack Kathryn M.
Published: January 2025

The NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission has collected samples of rock, regolith, and atmosphere within the Noachian-aged Jezero Crater, once the site of a delta-lake system with a high potential for habitability and biosignature preservation. Between sols 109 and 1,088 of the mission, 27 sample tubes have been sealed, including witness tubes. Each sealed sample tube has been collected along with detailed documentation provided by the Perseverance instrument payload, preserving geological and environmental context. Samples representative of the stratigraphy within each of four campaigns have been collected: samples from the Crater Floor Campaign represent a suite of potentially petrogenetically related igneous rocks displaying variable degrees of aqueous alteration; samples from the Fan Front record fluvial to deltaic sediments formed by the transport and deposition of materials from the Jezero watershed; regolith samples from the Fan Front preserve material possibly representative of global dust as well as diverse, locally derived clasts; Upper Fan samples record the latest stages of aqueous activity within Jezero; and samples from the Margin Campaign preserve lacustrine, littoral, or possibly igneous processes that may have occurred early in the history of the crater. Along with anticipated samples from the older rocks within the rim of Jezero Crater, Perseverance promises to deliver a suite of samples preserving a diversity of formation environments and ages. Upon return to Earth and analysis in terrestrial laboratories, these samples would address longstanding questions pertaining to the geologic evolution of Mars, its habitability, and the potential for life outside the Earth.
Organic matter and biomarkers: Why are samples required?
Authors: Sephton Mark A. , Steele Andrew , Westall Frances , Schubotz Florence
Published: January 2025

The search for evidence of past prebiotic or biotic activity on Mars will be enhanced by the return of samples to Earth laboratories. While impressive analytical feats have been accomplished by in situ missions on the red planet, accessing the capabilities of Earth’s global laboratories will present a step change in data acquisition. Highly diagnostic markers of past life are biomarkers, organic molecules whose architecture can be attributed to once living organisms. Similar organic molecular structures can also be used to identify the prebiotic steps that preceded any emergence of life. The style of modification or degradation of such organic structures indicates their agents of change, including oxidants, radiation, heating, water, and pressure. For biomarker analysis, sample return provides enhanced opportunities for sample preparation and analyte isolation. The augmentation of biomarker data with spatial information provides the opportunity for confirmatory data but is a multistep and multitechnique process best achieved here on Earth. Efficient use of returned samples will benefit from lessons learned on Earth’s ancient records and meteorites from Mars. The next decade is a time when analytical capabilities can be improved as we prepare for the delivery of carefully selected and collected extraterrestrial samples containing potential evidence of the development or even emergence of past life on Mars.
A tale of two planets: Disparate evolutionary models for Mars inferred from radiogenic isotope compositions of Martian meteorites
Authors: Borg Lars E. , Kruijer Thomas S.
Published: January 2025

The radiogenic isotopic compositions of basaltic Martian meteorites (shergottites) and clinopyroxene/olivine cumulate meteorites (nakhlite/chassignites) are used to define the global evolution of Mars. However, the two main groups of meteorites demonstrate that their sources underwent divergent styles of magmatic evolution. The shergottites portray a planet that differentiated ~4.52 billion years ago via solidification of a magma ocean, producing incompatible element-depleted and -enriched reservoirs that remained isolated until melt production. In contrast, the reservoir from which the nakhlite/chassignites derive may have formed earlier, produced melts that fractionated Sm/Nd and Hf/W differently, was compositionally less variable, and experienced a significantly more complex history following primordial differentiation than the shergottite sources. The disparate histories recorded by these two groups of meteorites elucidate important questions that could be addressed by acquiring additional samples. Obtaining samples that shared the isotopic systematics of the shergottites would provide confidence that extrapolating the primordial differentiation history of Mars from shergottite radiogenic isotope systematics is reasonable. Returned samples from Mars will also constrain the physical locations of the meteorite source regions, providing insights into the general structure of the Martian mantle. In addition, they will help constrain the phases present in the martian mantle during melting and the conditions under which they are stable. Finally, identifying an evolved lithology that satisfies the geochemical and isotopic constraints placed on the incompatible element-enriched endmember observed in the shergottites would define the nature of magmatic evolution on Mars and whether it is more akin to processes on the Earth or the Moon.
Transforming literature screening: The emerging role of large language models in systematic reviews
Authors: Delgado-Chaves Fernando M. , Jennings Matthew J. , Atalaia Antonio , Wolff Justus , Horvath Rita , Mamdouh Zeinab M. , Baumbach Jan , Baumbach Linda
Published: January 2025

Systematic reviews (SR) synthesize evidence-based medical literature, but they involve labor-intensive manual article screening. Large language models (LLMs) can select relevant literature, but their quality and efficacy are still being determined compared to humans. We evaluated the overlap between title- and abstract-based selected articles of 18 different LLMs and human-selected articles for three SR. In the three SRs, 185/4,662, 122/1,741, and 45/66 articles have been selected and considered for full-text screening by two independent reviewers. Due to technical variations and the inability of the LLMs to classify all records, the LLM’s considered sample sizes were smaller. However, on average, the 18 LLMs classified 4,294 (min 4,130; max 4,329), 1,539 (min 1,449; max 1,574), and 27 (min 22; max 37) of the titles and abstracts correctly as either included or excluded for the three SRs, respectively. Additional analysis revealed that the definitions of the inclusion criteria and conceptual designs significantly influenced the LLM performances. In conclusion, LLMs can reduce one reviewer´s workload between 33% and 93% during title and abstract screening. However, the exact formulation of the inclusion and exclusion criteria should be refined beforehand for ideal support of the LLMs.
Characterizing progenitor cells in developing and injured spinal cord: Insights from single-nucleus transcriptomics and lineage tracing
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Xianming , Fan Yongheng , Zhang Haipeng , Yin Man , Xue Xiaoyu , Yin Yanyun , Jin Chen , Quan Rui , Jiang Peipei , Liu Yongguang , Yu Cheng , Kuang Wenhao , Chen Bing , Li Jiayin , Chen Zhong , Hu Yali , Xiao Zhifeng , Zhao Yannan , Dai Jianwu
Published: January 2025

Various mature tissue-resident cells exhibit progenitor characteristics following injury. However, the existence of endogenous stem cells with multiple lineage potentials in the adult spinal cord remains a compelling area of research. In this study, we present a cross-species investigation that extends from development to injury. We used single-nucleus transcriptomic sequencing and genetic lineage tracing to characterize neural cells in the spinal cord. Our findings show that ciliated ependymal cells lose neural progenitor gene signatures and proliferation ability following the differentiation of NPCs within the ventricular zone. By combining single-nucleus transcriptome datasets from the rhesus macaque spinal cord injury (SCI) model with developmental human spinal cord datasets, we revealed that ciliated ependymal cells respond minimally to injury and cannot revert to a developmental progenitor state. Intriguingly, we observed astrocytes transdifferentiating into mature oligodendrocytes postinjury through lineage tracing experiments. Further analysis identifies an intermediate-state glial cell population expressing both astrocyte and oligodendrocyte feature genes in adult spinal cords. The transition ratio from astrocytes into oligodendrocytes increased after remodeling injury microenvironment by functional scaffolds. Overall, our results highlight the remarkable multilineage potential of astrocytes in the adult spinal cord.
Pan-European atmospheric lead pollution, enhanced blood lead levels, and cognitive decline from Roman-era mining and smelting
Authors: McConnell Joseph R. , Chellman Nathan J. , Plach Andreas , Wensman Sophia M. , Plunkett Gill , Stohl Andreas , Smith Nicole-Kristine , Møllesøe Vinther Bo , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Steffensen Jørgen Peder , Fritzsche Diedrich , Camara-Brugger Sandra O. , McDonald Brandon T. , Wilson Andrew I.
Published: January 2025

Ancient texts and archaeological evidence indicate substantial lead exposure during antiquity that potentially impacted human health. Although lead exposure routes were many and included the use of glazed tablewares, paints, cosmetics, and even intentional ingestion, the most significant for the nonelite, rural majority of the population may have been through background air pollution from mining and smelting of silver and lead ores that underpinned the Roman economy. Here, we determined potential health effects of this air pollution using Arctic ice core measurements of Roman-era lead pollution, atmospheric modeling, and modern epidemiology-based relationships between air concentrations, blood lead levels (BLLs), and cognitive decline. Findings suggest air lead concentrations exceeded 150 ng/m
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near metallurgical emission sources, with average enhancements of >1.0 ng/m
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over Europe during the Pax Romana apogee of the Roman Empire. The result was blood lead enhancements in young children of about 2.4 µg/dl above an estimated Neolithic background of 1.0 µg/dl, leading to widespread cognitive decline including a 2.5-to-3 point reduction in intelligence quotient throughout the Roman Empire.
Macro-model extraction and system-level simulation of a thermopile-based MEMS vacuum sensor
Authors: Lv Yutian , Zhou Zaifa , Fu Jianyu , Li Yixuan
Published: January 2025

Thermopile-based microelectromechanical system (MEMS) vacuum sensors are key component for vacuum monitoring, and they need be integrated with readout circuit to realize wide application. To decrease the time and cost of integrated system development cycle, system-level simulation during system design is required. A macro-model of thermopile-based MEMS vacuum sensor that involves couplings between pressure, thermal and electrical fields, is of great importance in system-level simulation. In this study, the state-space method is used to set up the macro-model of a thermopile-based MEMS vacuum sensor; the co-simulation with a readout circuit is carried out using Advanced Design System; vacuum measurement and room temperature measurement modes are analyzed. This macro-model is evaluated by a thermopile-based MEMS vacuum sensor, where the co-simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment results. The maximum error in response voltage for the vacuum pressure range of 100–103 Pa is about 5.9% and the temperature resolution for the room temperature range of 233.15–398.15 K is not more than 0.4 K.