bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rock in Rio, The Festival
Authors: Martin Vanessa
Published: April 2020

With its first edition in 1985, Rock in Rio transformed the cultural and art scene in Brazil. Before it, the country was not well regarded by artists and their international managers. Thirty years later, Rock in Rio is one of the largest festivals in the world with successful editions being held in several countries. Since its creation, Roberto Medina has understood the importance of the public in ensuring the success of the event. For him, “the stage was the heart, but the audience was the head, legs and arms... It was all part of the Rock in Rio body and every organ should receive equal treatment” (Carneiro, 2011: 42). The success of the festival can also be explained by the professionalism, determination and efficiency of its implementation throughout its history. This chapter shows how Rock in Rio has become one of the largest festivals in the world and details the strategy behind the actions that have helped the festival achieve this.
Animating Places, A new festival phenomenon
Authors: Maguire Maurice
Published: April 2020

From lighting town centres to ephemeral one-off events, from nights of cultural activity to small festivals, from year-long programmes to biennials and triennials, artists are engaging in a wide variety of activities that support the idea of place- making. Emerging from the practices of interventionist art, community engage- ment and installation, through the processes and debates of public artists we are now experiencing new models of artistic intervention in the public realm. They are, quite literally, animating places. Alongside larger profile-building activities such as the European Cities/Capitals of Culture, the past 20 years has seen a significant growth in place-based festivals and events, one-off large scale events and city-specific commissions that aim, in one way or another, to animate public spaces and strive towards the idea of place-making. Artists are leading on initialising street festivals; intervening with politically motivated ‘guerrilla’ tactics to enliven places, in opposition to stasis in public engagement, and in promoting and building festival activities – some overt oth- ers more covert. For some the focus is on social and cultural change, for others the intentions are more community orientated and celebratory. All contribute to a sense of place and engagement. This chapter considers the emergent patterns of major events and festivals along- side the need to market places in competition with each other; the phenomena of culturally-focused and culturally-led events that bring places alive; the issues affecting both the artists as producers and the commissioning bodies; and the impacts and engagement of audiences. Within this exploration this chapter will address the question of whether there are principles that can be applied to the area of animation. Building on the idea that the relationship between people and place is given particular poignancy through festival and cultural engagements, a triad of place, people and purpose is emerging as a prism through which to see artists engaging in public spaces and, by doing so, contributing to place-making. The chapter will explore specific models of working that embrace three core ideas over and above this triad – the notion of making places, questions of identity, and ownership and celebration.
Building the Festival Team, A case study of Saint Petersburg art festivals
Authors: Puchkova Svetlana , Elkanova Elena
Published: April 2020

In working to understand contemporary festivals, one of the most significant debates is how to manage a festival effectively in the face of increasing competition. In this sense, effective team management is crucial. However, there has been little discussion on the teambuilding phenomenon at festivals. Such features as fluctuations in the number of employees, different categories of employees and involvement of various stakeholders make festivals stand out from other business projects. So, commonly accepted teambuilding practices cannot be simply copied and applied to arts festivals. The purpose of the chapter is to explore particular features of team management at arts festivals in Saint Petersburg. The city, being the main cultural centre of Russia, presents an appropriate field of study. The number of festivals held in the city is increasing each year, as a result of city administration policies (St. Petersburg Committee of Culture Statistics, 2015). There are, however, a limited number of surveys that examine Saint Petersburg events, and it is difficult for researchers to get open access to reports of festival organisations. The authors attempt to fill the gap by presenting major aspects and common team management problems that festival organisations come across. This chapter provides an overview on a variety of team management processes in three specific festivals. Festivals’ team structures, recruitment practices, training and motivation strategies were researched. The authors focus on staff retention and issues relating to the status of different workers that influence team management practices such as decision-making processes, organisational culture, participant interdependence, communication and team size in particular. Research is based on interviews with the festival director, one permanent and one temporary employee for each event, analysis of social media, official websites, articles, and observational method. The chapter presents a part of survey that was carried out in 2014 by the authors. In 6 months, 30 expert interviews were conducted. This chapter deals with three brief cases which were designed as a result of interviews with nine respondents and observation method (the authors took part as visitors in Open Library festival and were involved in the process of organizing International Conservatoire Week Festival as volunteers).
Technical Guidance of Science Teachers in The Preparation of Scientific Based Teacher Books, to Improve Teacher Professionalism in West Pasaman Regencys
Authors: Ratnawulan Ratnawulan -
Published: April 2020

There are problems in implementing integrated science learning in SMP / MTs in West Pasaman Regency. Most teachers do not have a handbook according to the nature of integrated science. Existing teacher books, the fields of biology, chemistry and physics are still not integrated into a single unit. The next problem, the low motivation and creativity of teachers in finding sources of information and integrating fields of study for learning. The solution offered is to increase the professionalism of science teachers is through technical guidance for making science-based Integrated science teacher books. Integrated science learning is designed with integrative thematic learning that is learning that integrates a learning concept with another subject. This Bimtek succeeded in increasing the competence of science teachers in MGMP Pasaman Barat in developing Integrated Science teacher books with themes in accordance with local wisdom with the Scientific Approach.
A Competence of Teacher in Making e-LKPD Using Flip Book Maker with Emphasis on Macro, Submicro, and Simbolic Level Representation of Chemistry
Authors: Khair Miftahul , Azhar Minda , Ulianus Alizar
Published: April 2020

The aim of the Community Partnership Program (PKM) service activity is to increase teacher competency in making electronic electronic Student Work Sheets (e-LPKD) using flip book makers with an emphasis on three levels of chemical representation. The method used is lectures, demonstrations and workshops. The lecture and demonstration methods are used to deliver the topics i.e ICT and internet terminology, industrial revolution 4 and three levels of chemical representation. The practice includes quick tricks of editing images from general chemistry books and transferring them to LKPD. Workshops are to make e-LKPD using a flip book maker accompanied by videos of learning chemistry, animation of chemical concepts. This activity can improve the knowledge and skills of chemistry teachers using standard general chemistry e-books, videos of chemistry learning and chemical animation from internet. This community service activities can improve the knowledge and skills of chemistry teachers in integrating a variety of learning resources that can be used to create ICT-based e-LKPD by emphasizing on three levels of chemical representation.
Prediction of crisis condition and anti-crisis regulation of regional economy
Authors: Калюжнова Надежда , Горбатенко Екатерина
Published: April 2020

The article considers approaches to forecasting crisis conditions in the regions of the national economy. The regions of the national economy act as business entities. A list of indicators has been developed to comprehensively identify the presence of crisis conditions in the region’s economy. Grouping of Russian regions was carried out according to the degree of probability of a crisis. The directions of crisis management in the region are proposed.
Editorial
Authors: Rahman Shafiur
Published: April 2020

Editorial
Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının Aynalarda Görüntü Konusuna İlişkin Kavramsal Anlamaları ve Zihinsel Modelleri
Authors: DURUKAN Ümmü Gülsüm , PALİÇ ŞADOĞLU Günay
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı,
fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının aynalarda görüntü konusuna dair kavramsal anlamalarını ve zihinsel modellerini tespit etmektir. Çalışmada, özel
durum çalışma deseni benimsenmiştir. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını, Doğu Karadeniz
bölgesindeki bir üniversitede eğitim fakültesinin 2. sınıfında öğrenim gören ve
Genel Fizik III Laboratuvarı dersini alan gönüllü 29 fen bilgisi öğretmen adayı
oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanmış üç
açık uçlu sorudan oluşan bir form aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veri toplama
aracında yer alan sorular, görüntü kavramının tanımlanmasına, görüntü
oluşumunun açıklamasına ve farklı ayna türlerinde örnek görüntü çizimi
yapılmasına yöneliktir. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiş,
frekans ve yüzde değerleri ile birlikte tablolar halinde sunulmuştur.
Çalışmada, öğretmen adaylarının görüntü kavramını görüntü oluşumu ile,
aynalar/yansıtıcı yüzeyi olan cisimler kullanılarak oluşturulan şekil ile,
yansıma olayı ile ve gölge oluşumu ile açıkladıkları tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmen
adaylarının görüntü oluşumu için, en az iki ışın kullanılarak, yansıma
kanunlarının ve cismin simetrik yansımasının alınması ile çizim yapıldığını
belirttikleri ve örnek çizimler yaptıkları görülmüştür. Ayrıca adayların farklı
ayna türlerinde örnek görüntü çizimi yapmakta zorlandıkları ve görüntü çizimini
doğru yapamadıkları için oluşan görüntünün özelliklerini belirtemedikleri
tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada, ulaşılan sonuçlara dikkate alınarak görüntü kavramı,
görüntü oluşumu ve aynalarda görüntü konularının öğretimine yönelik bazı
önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Sağlık Alanında Öğrenim Gören Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sınav Başarısına Yönelik Psikostimülan Kullanımına İlişkin Tutumları
Authors: SELVİ Hüseyin , TÜRKEGÜN Merve
Published: April 2020

Yoğun
ve kapsamlı programlarda öğrencilerin sınavlara hazırlanmak için oldukça
sınırlı zamanları bulunmaktadır ve öğrenciler bu zamanı daha verimli
kullanabilmek adına da hayatlarından, beslenmelerinden, uykularından, vb.
feragat etmektedirler. Öğrenciler sınav sürecinde oluşan yorgunluğun etkilerini
azaltmak ve dikkatlerini toplayabilmek adına ise çalıştıkları süre boyunca
enerji içeceği, çay, kahve, gibi kafein oranı yüksek ürünler tüketmektedir.
Kafeinli içecekler öğrenciler için sınav dönemlerinde çoğu zaman bir can simidi
olarak görülmekte ancak bazı öğrenciler için kafeinli içeceklerde yer alan
kafein miktarı yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Bu da öğrencileri uyarıcı etkisi daha
fazla olan, odaklanmayı, hafızayı ve konsantrasyonu arttıran psikositümülan
ilaçların suistimaline itmektedir. Bu çalışmada da üniversite öğrencilerinin
akademik başarı uğruna tedavi dışı bu ilaçları kullanıp kullanmadıklarını
saptamak ve bir tutum ölçeği geliştirerek öğrencilerin bu ilaçları kullanma
eğilimlerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında ölçeğin deneme
uygulaması için 470, nihai form uygulaması için ise 305 öğrenciden veri
toplanmıştır. Deneme uygulamasından elde edilen bulgular ölçeğin güvenilir ve
geçerli ölçme yaptığını ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen
bulgulardan öğrencilerin sınav dönemlerinde %62,3’ünün kafeinli içecek
tükettiğini, %2’inin vitamin aldığını ve %8,3’ünün de tedavi dışı psikostimülan
ilaç kullandığını göstermiştir. Ölçeğin nihai form uygulamasından ise çalışmaya
katılan bireylerin sınav dönemlerinde tedavi dışı ilaç kullanımlarına ilişkin
tutumlarının sınıf düzeyiyle birlikte arttığı görülmüştür.
Okullarda Örgütsel Sinizmin Yordayıcısı Olarak Lider-Üye Etkileşimi
Authors: ALEV Sedat
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada,
okullarda lider-üye etkileşimi ve örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişkinin
incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın
örneklemini; 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Gaziantep’in Şahinbey ilçesinde
görev yapan 363 ortaokul öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, “Lider-Üye
Etkileşimi Ölçeği” ve “Örgütsel Sinizm Ölçeği” aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin
analizinde, SPSS ve AMOS programlarından yararlanılmıştır. Analizlerden elde
edilen bulgulara göre; lider-üye etkileşimi ve örgütsel sinizm arasında negatif
yönde bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Regresyon analizi sonucunda, lider-üye
etkileşiminin hem genel hem de duygu, mesleki saygı ve katkı alt boyutlarının örgütsel
sinizmi negatif yönde yordadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Okullarda öğretmenlerin
okul yöneticileri ile iletişim halinde olması, örgütsel sinizm davranışlarının
daha az gösterilmesini sağlayacaktır. Bu nedenle, öğretmen ve yöneticilerin
güvene dayalı ilişkiler kurmaları önemlidir. Ayrıca bu süreçte öğretmenlerin de
mesleki rollerinin gereklerini yerine getirmeleri, eğitim öğretimi geliştirmeye
yönelik faaliyetlere katılım sağlamaları hem yöneticilerle hem de diğer
meslektaşlarıyla güven, saygı ve sadakat temeline dayalı ilişkiler kurmaları
önemlidir.
Hedeflenen Sınıf Mekânına İlişkin Öğretmen Adaylarının Görüşleri
Authors: DEMİR YILDIZ Canan , TATIK Ramazan Şamil
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada, aday öğretmenlerin hedefledikleri sınıf
mekânına ilişkin görüşlerinin resmedilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda,
farklılaştırılmış, zenginleştirilmiş ve geniş sınıf ortamı ile geleneksel,
yalın ve küçük sınıf ortamında iki farklı öğrenci grubu ile bir dönem boyunca
yapılan dersten sonra öğrencilerin hedefledikleri sınıf mekânına ilişkin
görüşleri alınmıştır. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim
desenine başvurulmuştur. Çalışma grubu, Sınıf Eğitimi ve Sosyal Bilgiler
Eğitimi ana bilim dallarında öğrenim gören 65 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veri
toplama aracı olarak, üç demografik ve bir açık uçlu sorudan oluşan soru formu
kullanılmıştır. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından bizzat elden toplanmıştır.
Elde edilen veriler, NVIVO 11 Nitel Analiz Programında analiz edilmiş ve her
iki sınıftan farklı kodlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında
farklılaştırılmış sınıf ortamında öğrenim gören öğrencilerle, geleneksel sınıf
ortamında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin ortak görüşlerinin zengin materyallere
sahip ve etkinlik/oyun için elverişli sınıf mekânlarını hedeflemeleri ile
ilgili olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda eğitim hedeflerine ulaşılmasında,
öğretmenlerin performanslarını destekleyen esnek ve zenginleştirilmiş sınıf
ortamlarının sunulması önerilmektedir.
İlköğretim Matematik Öğretmen Adaylarının Perspektifinden: Niçin Öğretmen Olmak İstedim? Ne Hissediyorum?
Authors: KARTAL Büşra , KIYMAZ Yasemin
Published: April 2020

Öğretmenlik etkisi hiçbir
zaman sona ermeyen bir meslektir ve bireylerin yaşamı üzerinde derin etkiler
bırakabilir. Öğretmenlerin mesleklerini severek yapmaları büyük önem
taşımaktadır. Öğretmenlik mesleğini içsel nedenlerle tercih edenlerin iç
motivasyonlarının yüksek olduğu ve öğrenmeye açık oldukları bilinmektedir.
Öğretmenlerin mesleği tercih nedenlerinin belirlenmesi onların mesleğe ilişkin
duygu, düşünce ve inançlarını açığa çıkararak öğretmen eğitim programları için
yol gösterici olabilir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada ilköğretim
matematik öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleğini tercih nedenleri,
matematiğin tercih nedenleri üzerindeki etkisini ve ilköğretim matematik
öğretmeni olacak olmanın öğretmen adaylarına ne hissettirdiğinin incelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları bir devlet üniversitesinden 118
matematik öğretmen adayından oluşmaktadır. Üç açık uçlu soru aracılığıyla
toplanan veriler analiz edildiğinde öğretmen adaylarının çoğunlukla içsel ve
dışsal nedenlerle öğretmenlik mesleğini tercih ettikleri görülmüştür. Öğretmen
adaylarının yarıya yakını matematiği sevdiği için böyle bir tercih yaptığını
belirtmiştir. Katılımcıların en çok ifade ettiği duygular mutluluk ve heyecan
iken, korku ve endişe hissettiğini belirten öğretmen adayları da olmuştur.
Enablers of Target Cost Management Implementation: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Baharudin Norhafiza , Jusoh Ruzita
Published: April 2020

This study used contingency theory to examine the key enablers of target cost management (TCM) at the Malaysian context. Using a single case study approach, a questionnaire survey was conducted on users of TCM at Company A, a Malaysian automotive company. The respondents were required to determine whether enablers, namely, an advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) implementation, confrontational strategy, customer orientation, an information-sharing network, lean manufacturing implementation, supplier relationships, teamwork oriented organizational culture, top management support and commitment, and training havepositive relationships with the successful implementation of TCM. The findings show that only teamwork, top management support and commitment, and training are the key enablers for the successful implementation of TCM in the case company.
Pengaruh Manajemen Pengetahuan Terhadap Peningkatan Inovasi Dan Kualitas Pelayanan RSUD Kabupaten Serang
Authors: Elisa Anggraeni Riyan M. Faris, Heti Mulyati,
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine and analyze the role of knowledge management in improving innovation and service quality, as well as analyzing the effect of innovation on service quality in the Drajatprawiranegara regional hospital in Serang Regency. In this study the analysis of data processing using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of the analysis (SEM-PLS) explain that there is an influence between knowledge management on innovation where the application of optimal knowledge management will increase innovation in the health service process. There is a significant indirect effect between knowledge management on service quality, but innovation influences service quality. Therefore human resource management in Drajat Prawiranegara hospital must be carried out comprehensively. Cooperation between fields of work, be it medical, doctor and non-medical workers must be optimal in facing challenges and demands from changing health services.
Mendeteksi Earnings Management Perusahaan Melalui Aktivitas RIIL
Authors: Yanti Viriany, Liana Susanto, Henny Wirianata,
Published: April 2020

This research was to obtained empirical evidence about the influence of leverage, profitability, institutional ownership, independent comissioner, audit committee to the Real Earnings Management of the manufacturing companies listed at Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2015-2017.This research uses 64 companies that were selected using purposive sampling method. In this study, the hypotheses tested using the multiple regression model.The results showed that only profitability has significant influence.
Evolution of discourse on fragmentation of international law
Authors: Shestakova Kseniia Dmitrievna , Wissenberg Almira Saipulaevna
Published: April 2020

In this article the authors examine the development of modern international law in terms of the discourse on fragmentation, and set the following goals: 1) determine the phenomenon of “fragmentation” and systematize the reasons for the emergence of discourse on fragmentation; 2) trace the evolution of scientific views upon fragmentation as a phenomenon; 3) considering the currently prevalent views upon the mechanism of development of international law, as well as prevention and settlement of conflicts of norms within international law, repeatedly assess some traditional examples of “fragmentation” as the logical processes or processes posing a threat to the integrity of international law. As the examples, the article analyzes such classical disputes as the Decision of the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the. Former Yugoslavia in the case of Dusko Tadic, as well as decision of the UN International Court on Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), series of cases regarding MOX plant, CME and Lauder v. Czech Republic, and others. It took almost a quarter of century for the science of international law – since the beginning of discussion of fragmentation until the “farewell” with fragmentation – to accept itself as an integral, but flexible legal system over again. The conclusion is made that the discourse on fragmentation and utilization of the term “fragmentation” had a so-called therapeutic effect for the theory of international law, allowing it to shift the focus, reassess and reconsider itself as a system that existed in all diversity and multiplicity of actors engaged in the process of its creation and application.
The principle of subsidiarity in jurisdiction of courts of subregional economic organizations in Africa on human rights
Authors: Vladykina Anna
Published: April 2020

This article examines whether the framework of judicial discretion or commensurable doctrines of judicial respects found access to jurisdiction in the area of human rights of the three subregional courts created in the context of regional economic communities: Court of the Economic Community of West African States; East African Community Court; and Tribunal of Southern African Development Community. The author also examines the relevance of the rights of depletion of internal means of legal protection as a separate manifestation of subsidiarity in their judicial practice. The author briefly describes the key institutional parameters for each court, the role of procedural subsidiarity in form of depletion of the norm on internal means of legal protection, as well we presence or absence of substantial subsidiarity through formulation of the limits of judicial discretion. The presence of subsidiarity in form of the limits of judicial discretion is an important condition for further work of the courts of subregional economic communities in Africa on protection of human rights, since the presence of “judicial respect” with regards to the decisions of national court and political-legal decisions of the participating countries is a key to recognition and likelihood of execution of rulings of the courts of subregional economic communities on the territory of participating countries of the corresponding communities.
A case of lepromatous leprosy
Authors: Yanchevskaya E. Yu. , Duiko V. V. , Mesnyankina O. A. , Levicheva Yu. Yu.
Published: April 2020

This article describes a clinical case of lepromatous leprosy. Despite the sporadic incidence of leprosy in Russia, the presented clinical observation demonstrates that clinicians must maintain vigilance with regard to leprosy. Close attention and in-depth study of the history of the disease is required both in endemic and (in view of active migration and tourist flows) non-endemic regions, since timely diagnosis of this mycobacteriosis can present significant difficulties.
Structure and organisation of palliative care for children in Krasnodar Krai
Authors: Burlutskaya A. V. , Statova A. V. , Mamyan E. V.
Published: April 2020

Palliative care is aimed at enhancing the quality of life of patients living with life-threatening conditions and their families. According to the World Health Organization, about 40 million people require palliative care every year. Out of these people, 78% reside in low- and middle-income countries. 89% of children requiring palliative care are from low- and middle-income countries, with half of these children living on the African continent. Such a widespread prevalence and need for palliative care is expected to grow due to the increasing number of chronic non-communicable diseases, and the provision of palliative care at early stages reduces the frequency of unnecessary hospitalisations and the use of medical services.

Aim. To assess the structure and organisation of palliative care for children in Krasnodar Krai.

Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of medical institutions located in Krasnodar and other cities in Krasnodar Krai (Apsheron, Vyselkovsky, Gelendzhik, Kavkazsky, Kushchevsky districts, Leningradsky region, Seversky and Tuapse districts), which provide palliative care for children aged from 3 months to 18 years. Along with inpatient services, outpatient forms of palliative care for children, such as long-term artificial respiration for incurable patients, were analysed. Statistical methods of analysis were not used due to the descriptive character of the research.

Results. 28 palliative care beds for children were open in Krasnodar Krai over the period from 2013 to 2018. The number of visiting nurse brigades comprised 13. An analysis of the provision of palliative care in accordance with No. 985 form “Data on patients receiving palliative care” and the report of the palliative care structure as of September 1, 2018 showed that 193 children needed round-the-clock inpatient care. Out of these children, 71.5% and 21.2% suffered from CNS and cancer conditions, respectively, while 7.3% were referred to the ‘other diseases’ group. 250 patients were treated in the offices of palliative care, including 94.4% of neurological patients, 2.8% of cancer patients and 2.8% of children with other pathologies. At home, 14 incurable patients received long-term artificial respiration, 78.6% of whom were children with hereditary neuromuscular diseases, 7.1% with congenital malformations of the central nervous system, 7.1% with lysosomal storage disease and 7.2% with Pompe disease.

Conclusion. Palliative care is one of the priority branches of medicine in the Russian Federation. The problem of providing palliative care for children is of particular significance due to the growing number of patients with life-threatening and terminal conditions.
Features of abdominal delivery in obstetric institutions of level III
Authors: Galustyan M. V. , Kutsenko I. I. , Borovikov I. O.
Published: April 2020

Aim.To evaluate and analyse features of abdominal delivery in maternal care institutions (level III) in Krasnodar Krai on the basis of M.S. Robson’ obstetric care criteria (2001) and indicators of cesarean section efficacy.

Materials and methods.A retrospective study of archives from two Krasnodar Krai obstetric institutions (level III) (the perinatal centres of the Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital and the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2) was carried out. The material for analysis was the number of births, surgery activity and perinatal mortality indicators (2017).

Results.A comparative analysis of abdominal delivery in two leading perinatal centres of the Region revealed low levels of cesarean section efficacy. The monitoring of obstetric conditions, which had the greatest influence on the growth of abdominal delivery cases, was carried out using M.S. Robson’ system. It was revealed that the largest increase in abdominal delivery was observed in patients included in groups I and V.

Conclusion.Despite the fact that the efficacy of abdominal delivery in Krasnodar Krai maternal care institutions (level III) is low, a detailed individualised analysis of indications for the performed surgical labour revealed obstetric practices (uterine scars, fetal distress, anomalies in labour), which increased the level of surgical activity. However, taking into account the specificity of indications for hospitalisation of patients in these medical institutions (severe extragenital pathology, complicated pregnancy), an increase in operative activity and low effectiveness of cesarean section are justified.
Immunohistochemical profile of mononuclear infiltrate in the myocardium of transplanted heart. Computer morphometry data
Authors: Slavinsky A. A. , Verevkin A. A. , Sotnichenko A. S. , Kosmacheva E. D. , Stavenchuk T. V.
Published: April 2020

Aim. To carry out a quantitative immunophenotypic characterisation of cellular corporations in a mononuclear inflammatory myocardial infiltrate in the cell and humoral forms of heart transplant rejection using the computer morphometry of endomyocardial biopsy samples.

Materials and methods. Endomyocardial biopsy samples (n = 226) were obtained from 56 heart recipients who underwent transplantation in 2018–2019. Sections with a thickness of 5 μm after the paraffin infiltration were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to the standard procedure. The expression of CD3 T-lymphocyte, CD20 B-lymphocyte and CD68 macrophage markers was determined by the immunohistochemical streptavidin-biotin method. Using computer morphometry, the staining area coefficient (SAC) was calculated as the percentage of the total area of the stained objects to the area of the biopsy. The statistical processing of the results included verification of the distribution nature by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method and the calculation of the Cramer — Welch criterion.

Results. Lymphocytes and macrophages were found in the inflammatory infiltrate of all heart transplants. The expression of CD3 T-lymphocyte marker in the absence of rejection (0R) was at SAC = 0.99 ± 0.02%. In comparison with 0R cases, this coefficient increased 2.1 times (p <0.05), 3.4 times (p <0.05), 5.5 times (p <0.05) and 4.8 times (p <0.05) in 1R, 2R, 3R and humoral rejection, respectively. The expression of the CD20 B-lymphocyte marker in 0R cases was characterised by SAC = 0.19 ± 0.01%. In comparison with 0R cases, this coefficient increased 2.7 times (p <0.05), 3.4 times (p < 0.05), 4.4 times (p <0.05) and 9.5 times (p <0.05) in 1R, 2R, 3R and humoral rejection, respectively. The value of the CD68-positive macrophage region for 0R was only 0.34 ± 0.01%. This parameter increased 2.7 times (p <0.05), 4.0 times (p <0.05), 9.6 times (p <0.05) and 4.1 times (p <0.05) in 1R, 2R, 3R and humoral rejection, respectively.

Conclusion. Cellular corporations in the mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate of transplanted heart are characterised by the predominance of T-lymphocytes in the cases of both cellular and humoral rejection. The expression of the B-lymphocyte marker is most pronounced in an antibody-mediated form. The maximum presence of macrophages in the infiltrate characterises severe cell rejection. An increase in the severity of cell rejection leads to an increase in the relative content of B-lymphocytes and macrophages in the infiltrate.
Medical Faculty - National Core Curriculum 2020
Authors: ULUSAL CEP-2020 Ulusal Calısma Grubu , ULUSAL CEP-2020 Ulusal Yetkınlık Ve Yeterlıkler Calısma Grubu , ULUSAL CEP-2020 Davranıs Sosyal Beserı Bılımler Calısma Grubu
Published: April 2020

National Core Curriculums (NCCs) for Undergraduate Medical Education (NCC-2002 and NCC-2014) have made great contributions to the medical education of Turkey and ensured that medical education is carried out according to certain standards and all medical faculties focus on their education programs. The NCC-2020 was taken its final form as a result of approximately one year of labour, with the commitment of the commission and the feedback of the deans of the medical faculties. As in previous NCCs, it is aimed to reflect the entire NCC (100%) to the program of medical education. However, it has been considered appropriate for all medical faculties to make additions to their education programs according to their vision and mission, as well as the burden of diseases that they can carry depending on their location. Hence, approximately 70-75% of the education program of faculties is expected to constitute NCC (all the subjects in the NCC will be included in the program) and the remaining 25-30% will be formed with the content determined by the faculty's own goals.The National Competency Framework (NCF)has also taken its place in the NCC-2020 to guide medical schools to develop the programs of undergraduate education based on qualifications. Also, behavioural, social sciences and humanities are included in the NCC-2020 as diseases are not just biomedical/pathophysiological processes. This study aims to train physicians with similar knowledge and skills based on NCC in the curricula of medical faculties.
THE USE OF DIARY WRITING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS RECOUNT TEXT
Authors: Hermawan Uray Ryan , Sada Clarry , Rezeki Yanti Sri
Published: April 2020

The research was aimed to investigate the use of diary writing to overcome students’ problem in writing recount texts. The problems include writing a recount text in chronological order, writing correct verb changes and developing ideas. Classroom action research was conducted by applying diary as the technique to help students overcome their problem. There were two cycles conducted in this research. The data were taken from the students’ individual score, observation checklist, and field notes. The result showed that teaching writing through diary writing improved students’ writing recount text. Referring to the research findings, the data showed that diary writing improved students’ recount text, as seen in their score. These in terms of score, students’ improved from 71.96 to 76.03 and improving the motivation to the students which makes them eager to write also makes the teaching learning process better. In conclusions, students’ writing recount text of the tenth grade students of class IPS 1 of SMAN 4 Sungai Raya in academic year 2018/2019 improved by using diary.
THE EFFECT OF TEACHING AUDITORY COHESION ACTIVITY ON STUDENTS LISTENING ABILITY
Authors: Marsella Alifia , Supardi Iwan , Bunau Eusabinus
Published: April 2020

This research is about the use of Auditory Cohesion Activity to raise students listening ability on advance learner of TEFL. The researcher took sample from Eleventh Grade of SMA SANTUN UNTAN Pontianak in Academic Year 2017-2018. The aim of this research was to find out how effective the use of Auditory Cohesion Activity to raise students listening ability is. In conducting this research, the researcher used a Pre-experimental as the method of the research. This research consisted of 3 phases, namely; pre-test, treatment, and post-test.  The researcher provided the material and the media that needed in this research. The English teacher of SMA SANTUN led the students did the test and the treatment. The finding of this research shows that there was an improvement on students listening ability through Auditory Cohesion Activity. The effectiveness of Auditory Cohesion Activity on students listening ability could be seen from students’ activity through the whole auditory cohesion activity phase and students’ test score. It has shown by the result of post-test which was higher than pre-test. Before the treatment was given, the mean score of pre-test was 26.40. After they had been given treatment the mean score of students’ post-test is 46.30. From the data analysis, the result of the effect size computation is 3.8. It is higher than 0.5. It means that the use of auditory cohesion activity gave a significant effect, to increase students listening ability.
STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION TO SPEAK IN A GROUP DISCUSSION
Authors: Maulana Fajar , Ikhsanudin Ikhsanudin , Suhartono Luwandi
Published: April 2020

This research was done to know the factors’ influencing students’ motivation to speak in a group discussion. This research is qualitative survey, in which the subjects are the Third-Semester Students of English Education Study Program of Tanjungpura University in Academic Year 2018/2019. The subjects of this research were 25 students in class A. The data were collected through observation and survey. Based on the data the students are motivated enough in speaking class and the motivation are relatively high across the students but most of the students faced several speaking problems such as afraid of making mistakes, lack of confidence, and lack of motivation. In summary, the factors that influenced the students’ motivation to speak in a group discussion are the students' interest to the materials of learning, the students’ interest to the culture of the target language, and lastly the reinforced that the students receive inside/outside the teaching and learning process. All of the factors are related to types of motivation, such as, intrinsic, extrinsic, instrumental, and integrative motivation. The writer claimed that knowing and understand sorts of motivation is essential with the intention of making a better teaching and learning environment
SURVEI EFEKTIVITAS LATIHAN PADA EKSTRAKURIKULER SEPAK BOLA DI SMP NEGERI 4 DEDAI
Authors: Anggia Oky
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine how much the effectiveness of exercise on the extracurricular soccer in SMP Negeri 4 Dedai. The method used in this research was quantitative descriptive with a from of research whith method of survey. The population in this research was the process of exercise extracurricular soccer in SMP Negeri 4 Dedai the academic year 2018/2019. And sample is the process of exercise on the extracurricular soccer  even semester of the academic year 2018/2019. Data collection techniques used incidental sampling method, a tool for collecting data by observing and recording exercise activities from time to time using stationery. From the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that the results of the effective average value of students in the first meeting were 15.6 (97.9%), the second meeting was 19.5 (97.9%), the third meeting was 13.3 (95.1%) the fourth meeting 19.7 (98.7) fifth meeting 15.6 (97.9%) sixth meeting 11.9 (99.4%) with a total overall score of 15.9 with a percentage of 97.8% and included in the percentage category which is very effective.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN GERAK DASAR DENGAN PENDEKATAN GAMES PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Andriwiyanto Andriwiyanto
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan gerak dasar bagi siswa yang memiliki kemampuan persepsi motorik rendah dan tinggi dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran TGfU dan media permainan field game. Permasalahan penting dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa dalam kelas memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda untuk menerima pembelajaran gerak , terutama dari sudut pandang kemampuan persepsi motorik.  Model pembelajaran TGfU merupakan model pembelajaran yang memerlukan kemampuan untuk berfikir agar siswa mampu mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Fieldgame merupakan game yang mudah dan aman untuk diberikan dana memiliki unsur gerak dasar (jalan, lari, lompat dan lempar) yang disatukan dalam peraturan permainan. Sampel penelitian 40 siswa yang terdiri atas siswa berkemampuan motorik rendah dan tinggi. Kedua kelompok menerima perlakukan dengan model pembelajarna TGfU.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kemampuan gerak dasar kedua kelompok memiliki hasil yang tidak berbeda secara signifikan.
Comparison of Clinically Approved Molecules on SARS-CoV-2 Drug Target Proteins: A Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Cubuk Hasan , Ozbil Mehmet
Published: April 2020

There are numerous drug design studies conducted all over the globe. Most of these studies target the receptor-binding domain of spike protein of SASR-CoV-2, which is known to bind human ACE2 receptor and SARS-CoV-2 main protease, vital for the virus’ replication. However, there might be a third target, human furin protease, which cleaves the virus’ S1-S2 domains taking active role in its entry into the host cell. In this study we docked five clinically used drug molecules, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir, and ritonavir onto three target proteins, receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and human furin protease. Computational results clearly showed that all ligands provided higher binding affinities towards furin protease, except hydroxychloroquine and ritonavir yielding the highest binding affinity. This proves that furin protease might be targeted for drug design studies and must be further explored in vitro and in vivo.
DNA Translocation Through Vertically Stacked 2D Layers of Graphene & Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterostructure Nanopore
Authors: Balasubramanian Ramkumar , Pal Sohini , Rao Anjana , Naik Akshay , Chakraborty Banani , Maiti Prabal K. , Varma Manoj
Published: April 2020

Cost effective, fast and reliable DNA sequencing can be enabled by advances in nanopore based methods, such as the use of atomically thin graphene membranes. However, strong interaction of DNA bases with graphene leads to undesirable effects such as sticking of DNA strands to the membrane surface. While surface functionalization is one way to counter this problem, here we present another solution based on a heterostructure nanopore system, consisting of a monolayer of graphene and hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) each. Molecular dynamics studies of DNA translocation through this heterostructure nanopore revealed a surprising and crucial influence of heterostructure layer order in controlling the base specific signal variability. Specifically, the heterostructure with graphene on top of hBN had nearly 3-10x lower signal variability than the one with hBN on top of graphene. Simulations point to the role of differential underside sticking of DNA bases as a possible reason for the observed influence of layer order. Our studies can guide the development of experimental systems to study and exploit DNA translocation through two-dimensional heterostructure nanopores for single molecule sequencing and sensing applications.
Helical Graphene Nanostructures Embedded with an Azulene Cluster
Authors: Yamaoka Yousuke , Ogawa Naoki , Takikawa Hiroshi , Yamada Ken-ichi , Takasu Kiyosei
Published: April 2020

An azulene cluster is a structural defect of graphenes, and it alters the electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of graphenes and graphene nanoribbons. However, detailed experimental investigations of graphenes or graphene nanostructures embedded with an azulene cluster are limited because they are difficult to synthesise. Herein, azulene-embedded graphene nanostructures (AGNs) were synthesised by following a newly developed synthetic protocol. The nanostructures comprising pentagons, hexagons, and heptagons has three characteristic edges, viz., zigzag-, armchair-, and cove-type edges. Experimental and theoretical investigations of the properties of AGN revealed that the cove edge has stable helical chirality with a racemisation barrier of 29.2 kcal/mol, in contrast to normal cove-type edges that undergo rapid racemisation. The in-solution self-association behaviour and the structural, electronic, and electrochemical properties of AGN are also described in detail.
In silico Drug Repurposing for COVID-19: Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Proteins through Docking and Quantum Mechanical Scoring
Authors: Cavasotto Claudio , Filippo Juan Di
Published: April 2020

In December 2019, an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 appeared in Wuhan, China. This disease (COVID-19) spread rapidly worldwide, and on March 2020 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Today, almost 1,5 million people have been infected, with more than 85,000 casualties. Today, no vaccine nor antiviral drug is available. While the development of a vaccine might take at least a year, and for a novel drug, even longer; finding a new use to an old drug (drug repurposing) could be the most effective strategy. We present a docking-based screening using a quantum mechanical scoring of a library built from approved drugs and compounds undergoing clinical trials, against three SARS-CoV-2 target proteins: the spike or S-protein, and two proteases, the main protease and the papain-like

protease. The S-protein binds directly to the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 receptor of the human host cell surface, while the two proteases process viral polyproteins.

Following the anaylysis of our structure-based compound screening, we propose several structurally diverse compounds (either FDA-approved or in clinical trials) that could display antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Clearly, these compounds should be further evaluated in experimental assays and clinical trials to confirm their actual activity against the disease. We hope that these findings may contribute to the rational drug design against COVID-19.
Mining the NIST Mass Spectral Library Reveals the Extent of Sodium Assisted Inductive Cleavage in Collision-Induced Fragmentation
Authors: Ludwig Marcus , Broeckling Corey D. , Dorrestein Pieter , Dührkop Kai , Schymanski Emma , Boecker Sebastian , Nothias Louis-Felix
Published: April 2020

Interpretation and annotation of fragmentation mass spectra strongly depends on our knowledge of collision-induced fragmentation mechanisms. Computational methods for interpretation of fragmentation operate in the boundaries of recognized fragmentation rules. The prevalence of non-sodiated fragment ions in sodiated ion fragmentation spectra is not yet fully recognized by the mass spectrometry community. Here, we investigated the extent of “Sodium Assisted Inductive Cleavage” (SAIC), a charge migration fragmentation occurring in the fragmentation spectra of sodiated precursors. The NIST17 fragmentation library was mined for evidence of SAIC. A substantial amount of fragment ions in sodiated precursor spectra can be linked to SAIC. Thus, this fragmentation mechanism must be considered to allow for accurate interpretation of fragmentation spectra.
Solvation and Stabilization of Single Strand RNA at the Air/ice Interface Support a Primordial RNA World on Ice
Authors: Gladich Ivan , Berrens Margaret , Rowe Penny , Pereyra Rodolfo , Neshyba Steven
Published: April 2020

Outstanding questions about the RNA world hypothesis for the emergence of lifeon Earth concern the stability and self-replication of prebiotic aqueous RNA.Recent experimental work has suggested that solid substrates and lowtemperatures could help resolve these issues. Here, we use classical moleculardynamics simulations to explore the possibility that the substrate is ice itself. Wefind that at -20 C, a quasi-liquid layer at the air/ice interface solvates a short (8-nucleotide) RNA strand such that phosphate groups tend to anchor to specificpoints of the underlying crystal lattice, lengthening the strand. Hydrophobic bases,meanwhile, tend to migrate to the air/ice interface. Further, contacts betweensolvent water and ribose 2-OH’ groups are found to occur less frequently for RNAon ice than for aqueous RNA at the same temperature; this reduces the likelihoodof deprotonation of the 2-OH’ and its subsequent nucleophilic attack on thephosphate diester. The implied enhanced resistance to hydrolysis, in turn, couldincrease opportunities for polymerization and self-copying. These findings thusoffer the possibility of a role for an ancient RNA world on ice distinct from thatconsidered in extant elaborations of the RNA world hypothesis. This work is, to thebest of our knowledge, the first molecular dynamics study of RNA on ice