bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mite Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1979
Authors: Boethel David J. , Micinshi Stephen , Shelton Richard R.
Published: March 2022

Two similar but independent experiments were conducted to control pecan leaf scorch mites on mature “Stuart”, “Schley”, and “Success” pecan trees at Monroe, LA. The experimental design for Experiment #I was a randomized block design consisting of 4 blocks with 2 trees per treatment per block. Applications were made Aug 14 with a Myers 2A42 sprayer with ca. 500 gal being applied per acre. Evaluation occurred on Aug 21 (7 days post-treatment) and Aug 28 (14 days post-treatment) by counting the number of mites present on 2 leaflets on each of 10 randomly selected compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Walnut Husk Fly Control with Bait Sprays, California, 1979
Authors: Riedl Helmut , Joos Johannes
Published: March 2022

Field experiments were carried out in a 6-acre mature walnut planting of the Franquette variety to evaluate the synthetic pyrethroid Pydrin with and without a protein hydrolysate bait for control of husk fly. Four treatments (including the check), each consisting of four 6-tree (2 × 3) replicates, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments varied from full tree coverage without bait to 1/2 and 1/4 tree coverage with bait sprays. All applications were made with a hydraulic handgun sprayer. Shortly before harvest (Oct 10) nuts (2400/treatment) were inspected for husk fly eggs, larvae, and shell stains. Leaf samples (480 leaflets/treatment) were taken Oct 25 and brushed for mites.
Control of Worms on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Bowman James S. , Porcellini S. W.
Published: March 2022

A block of 'Eastern Baldhead' cabbage transplanted on Jul 4 on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, NH was utilized. Spray treatments were applied on Aug 8, 15, 22, 30; Sep 5, 12, and 19 to plots consisting of 20-ft rows replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Applications were made to both sides of the row using a B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer (40 psi) at a rate of 25 gal/acre. All combination treatments were tank mixed. Evaluations were made by counting the number of worms on 5 plants/replicate and by foliage injury ratings on Sep 18. The categories used in rating the foliage injury were: 1 = slight or trace holes; 2 - less than 10% of leaves with feeding holes; 3 = severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4 = severe feeding on 50% of leaves; 5 = severe feeding on 100% of leaves. Aphid control evaluations were also made on Sep 18 by determining the percentage of plants/plot with a least one established aphid colony. Percent marketable heads was determined on Sep 8.
Effects of Spreader-Stickers on Insect Control Efficacy of Bacillus Thuringiensis on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Clancy K. M. , Devisetty B. N. , Hopkins J.
Published: March 2022

'Wisconsin All Seasons' cabbage was transplanted on Jun 6 and 7 at the Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. Randolph Experimental Farm, Randolph, W1. Experimental plots consisted of 2-rows 20-ft long, with 42 to 48 in. between rows, at 12 to 24 inch plant spacings. Plots were separated by single boarder rows. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Weekly sprays were applied Jul 11, 18, 15; Aug 1, 10, 17 and 24 at the rate equivalent to 60 gallons of water per acre using a 5 ft boom, 3.0-gallon, C02-pressurized, back-pack sprayer operated at 110 psi with 4 flat-fan nozzles. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of cabbage looper, imported cabbageworm, and diamondback moth larvae and pupae on 5 plants/plot. Counts were made 3 times on Aug 8 and 9, Aug 22 and 23, and Aug 28, 29 and 30. Inches of precipitation during the experiment, as recorded for the U.S. Department of Commerce at the Beaver Dam, Wisconsin Wastewater Treatment Plant (ca 12 miles east of Randolph Experimental Farm), was as follows: Jul 11-.02, 14-.08, 21-.49, 22-.10, 24-.15, 25-.03, 30-.81, Aug 3-.17, 5-.81, 8-.02, 9-2.54, 12-.10, 17-.26, 19-.19, 20-.87, 22-.63, 23-.02, 26-.10, 27-.06, 28-.10, and 29-.08. Population pressure from cabbage loopers and imported cabbageworms was heavy, and untreated cabbage heads were severely damaged by these two species. Diamondback moth populations and damage were very light.
Cabbage Foliar Protective Insecticide Spray Study, 1979
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

'Wisconsin Golden Acres 84' white cabbage was transplanted May 23 in a randomized block design with three replications and 24 in. row spacing. Dacthal 75W was used pree merge nee at 12 lbs/acre and 200 lbs 20-20-20 fall applied and disced in. Plot size was 5 ft × 25 ft with 2 rows/plot. Bravo 6F at 1.0 qt/acre was applied with Cub tractor boom sprayer weekly as maintenance. Broadcast foliar sprays were made using CO2 bottle sprayer and a 5 ft swath passes/plot at 30 GPA and 30 psl. Four weekly sprays were applied starting Jul 12 and continued Jul 19, Jul 28 and Aug 3. At harvest, Aug 7, 5 mature cabbage heads/plot were cut, weighed and rated for insect damage. Outer wrapper leaves were removed for evaluation. No aphid colonies were observed in the plots nor was any phytotoxicity noted. A moderate population of diamondback moth and cabbageworm larvae occurred in the check plots with head leave damage by fleabeetles.
Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm Control on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Hogenkamp Derk J. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Schulz Paula J.
Published: March 2022

Various molt inhibitating insecticides were tested on cabbage looper and imported cabbageworm larvae. 'Late Flat Dutch' cabbages planted Jun 18 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN were treated. Field plots were single, 30-ft rows spaced 40-inches apart, with 18-inch in-row plant spacing. Insecticides were applied using a hand-operated, compressed air sprayer in 114-gal water/acre at ca 40 psi, Aug 20 for the first test and Sep 5 for the second. Leaves were harvested from treated plots 1-day after spraying. Larvae collected the same day from adjacent untreated plots were brought in to the laboratory and placed in petri dishes on ca 4-in2 of cabbage leaf. Each test consisted of 25 larvae and was repeated 4 times. The insects used were primarily 3rd instar imported cabbageworms and primarily 4th instar cabbage loopers. The petri dishes were checked on a daily basis and new food provided when necessary.
Cabbage Maggot Control on Transplanted Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J.
Published: March 2022

Plots consisted of 250-ft rows bordered by 2 untreated rows on each side. Cabbages were transplanted Jul 10 in a Lima silt loam soil, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All insecticide applications were based on a 24 in row width. The directed sprays were applied at the bases of the plants in a 2 - 4 in wide spray band on Jul 12 using 2 flat fan nozzles (1510)/row delivering 171 GPA. The transplant treatment was by hand to ensure that the correct amount of the insecticide solution was applied in the proper location. After making a small hole with a hand trowel, 7 oz of the insecticide mixture were poured around the roots of the transplants and then the hole was filled. Foliar treatments timed for the adult fly peak of the 2nd brood of cabbage maggots were applied Aug 13 with a tractor-powered sprayer delivering 30 GPA through 3 flatfan nozzles (110015)/row. Damage assessments were made Sep 14 by pulling, washing and counting the number of cabbage maggot tunnels in 10 roots/treatment.
Cabbage Maggot Control, 1979
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J .
Published: March 2022

Plots were planted and treated Jun 26 at our vegetable entomology research farm in a Lima silt loam soil. Seeds of both crops were planted at 10/ft and treatments were applied using cone seeders. Germination counts were made Jul 16. Turnip seedlings were then thinned to ca 2/ft and cabbage to ca 1/1.5 ft. Plots consisted of a single row, 25 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on a 24 in row width. All in-furrow and foliar sprays were applied using a CO2-powered sprayer delivering 82 GPA mounted on one of the cone seeders. Injury ratings were made by pulling 10 roots/plot, washing them, and counting the number of tunnels present. Turnips were examined Sep 10 and cabbage Sep 12.
Cabbage Insect Management, 1979
Authors: Simonet D. E.
Published: March 2022

'Market Prize' cabbage was direct seeded on Apr 17 and thinned to a 12 inch spacing at the Vegetable Research Station, OARDC, Fremont, OH. Double row plots, 20 ft long, on 24-inch centers separated by untreated borders were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized 2.5 gallon sprayer using a single nozzle at 40 psi delivering 50 gpa. Weekly counts were made on 10 cabbage plants/replicate. After Jun 29, only those plots exceeding a mean of 0.5 larva/plant were treated. Plots were harvested and yields taken on Aug 7.
Diamondback Moth, Imported Cabbageworm, and Cabbage Looper on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Wilsey W. T. , Shelton A. M. , Luetchford C. M. , Gilpatrick J. L.
Published: March 2022

Tests consisted of field trials for standard and Bacillusthuringiensis compounds on the Robbins Farm near Geneva, NY. 'Roundup' cabbage was transplanted Jul 11 for standard compound treatments and Jul 18 for B.t. treatments. Plots in standard treatment block consisted of two 50-ft rows while B.t. blocks were 10—Ft rows. Each plot was 36-inches wide, with a 16-inch plant spacing. Two buffer rows of sweet corn separated each treatment. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design with 15 ft between replications. A 2-row, tractor-mounted boom operating at 60 psi, delivering 30 gal/acre and having 3 nozzles/row, was used to spray each treatment on a weekly schedule. Effectiveness of treatment was determined by counting diamondback, imported cabbageworm and cabbage looper larvae on 3 plants/replication. Larvae counts were made 2-4 days after application.
Apple, Integrated Mite Control Test, 1979
Authors: Bower Colin C.
Published: March 2022

Twenty insecticide and fungicide programs were tested for their compatibility with the biological control of T. urticae by T. occldentalis. A basic spray program was constructed which was varied by the addition, deletion or substitution of a single chemical for each test program. The basic program represented a typical grower spray program, and all chemicals were applied at the times and frequencies at which they are normally used. The whole block received cover sprays of Dodlne A 50W (Sep 26, Oct 11, Nov 8, 23) and Cothion 50W (Oct 26, Nov 10, 20, Dec 11, Jan 4, 31, Feb 21, Mar 22) applied by an M.B.P. Airmist drivepast sprayer at 1250 liters/ha. Treatments, replicated 4 times, were applied to single tree plots in a randomized, complete block design. Sprays were applied by handgun to run-off at lx concentration using a Bean sprayer with a 160-Iiter/min pump. About 16 liter/tree was used. Buffer trees surrounded each study tree and, except for the cover sprays, were not sprayed during the trial. The basic spray program consisted of Nimrod 25W (Sep 25, Oct 9, 23, Nov 8), Captan A 83W (Nov 28, Dec 12, 27, Jan 16, Feb 6) and Thiodan 35W (Oct 4, 12) in addition to the cover sprays. In 5 programs Benlate 50W, Sulfaloid 80W, Morocide 50W, Morestan 25W and a no-spray treatment were substituted for the mMdewicide Nimrod 25W and were applied on the same dates as Nimrod. Similarly, Dodine A 50W, Dithane M45 80W, and Zitox 80W were substituted for Captan A 83W. There was also a no-spray control for Thiodan 35W. Single greentip sprays (Sep 12) of Cuprox 50W + superior winter oil and lime sulphur + superior winter oil were added in 2 programs. Three programs compared additions of single sprays of Kilval 40W applied in spring (Nov 13) and summer (Jan 24) and Pirimor 50W (Jan 24). In 3 other programs, heavy (19.0 liter/tree) and light (7.3 liter/tree, no run-off) applications of Bugmaster Dimoth 80W were compared with NAA (Shellestone 2% w/v) + Kemotan T20 as thinning applications (Oct 24). A full program of chemicals thought to be least toxic to T. occidentalis was made by adding Cuprox 50W (Sep 12), NAA + Tween 20 (Oct 24) and Pirimor 50W (Feb 2) to the basic program. Control trees received no sprays apart from the cover sprays. The effects of the spray programs were assessed by taking samples of 25 leaves from the inner sections of each study tree below a height of 1.5 m at two-wk intervals throuqhtout the season. An extra sample of only 10 leaves/study tree was taken on Feb 6 when predator numbers peaked. The numbers of active stages of T. urticae and T. occidentalis were counted on each leaf using a dissecting stereomicroscope.
Granular Insecticide Whorl Applications for Caterpillar Control on Sweet Corn, 1979
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

'Butter and Sugar' sweet corn at 26,000 plant population/acre was planted on Jun 13. Two blocks of 40 rows each on 30 in row spacing were established for postemergence granular insecticide applications. Plot size was 5 ft × 30 ft, two rows per plot in a randomized block design with three replications for block 'A' and four replications block 'B'. Materials were applied as banded row treatments over the tops of plants directing granular materials into tassels and whorls by hand held shaker can. Two rows were used per treatment. Block 'A' (Table 1) was treated Aug 16 at tassel emergence and block 'B' (Table 2) was treated Aug 21 at early green tassel (EGT). Insect control was evaluated at harvest on Sep 24, by husking 20 ears (10 ears per each row/plot) per treatment and counting the number of worm damaged ears and degree of injury. In block 'B' 40 ears were sampled. A heavy earworm population developed tn both blocks. Analysis of 100 larvae collected showed the population to consist of 88% CEW, 10% FAW, and 2% ECB.
Foliar Sprays to Control Fall Armyworms in Sweet Corn, 1979
Authors: Hofmaster R. N . , Francis J. A.
Published: March 2022

'N&K 199' sweet corn was planted, 10-in spacing in 3-ft rows, on Jul 26. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Treatments were initiated Aug 9 at which time the plants were 3-4 inches high. Additional applications were made on Aug 17 and 24 but were terminated after that time due to severe lodging which made spraying impossible. Insecticidal performance was determined by counting the number of fall armyworms/10 plants on Aug 27 and by foliage injury ratings on this same date. The following categories were selected for evaluation of fall armyworm injury: 1) only occasional chewing, necessary to look close to see evidence of feeding damage; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of foliage injured; 3) Severe feeding on up to 25% of leaves, considerable “bird” damage; 4) Heavy feeding on up to 50% of leaves, whorl mostly destroyed; 5) Practically 100% of foliage destroyed, plants skeletonized. The experiment was designed primarily to check the performance of a number of insecticides under intense fall armyworm stress. Each fall, usually about mid-August, fall armyworm infestations become so severe in Tidewater, VA that it is simply impossible to control them, especially in corn that is still succulent. Often, the armyworms get a head start before they are noticed but in this particular test the corn was treated shortly after emergence. Obviously, the first application was made on newly hatched or emerging 1st instar armyworms.
Field Evaluation of Insecticides for Asian Corn Borer on Vegetable Corn, Pangasinan, Philippines, 1979
Authors: Litsinger J. A . , dela Cruz C. G. , Paragna F.
Published: March 2022

Early maturing corn (55 days) is grown with the onset of the monsoon rainy season as a cash crop by small-scale farmers before puddled rice. Corn borer infestations begin as early as 21 days after crop emergence (DE), thus insecticide sprays were applied on 21, 31, and 41 DE and granulars were applied once by hand in the whorl on 21 DE. Five trials on farmers' fields evaluated 31 insecticides. Azodrin was included in each trial for comparison. Insecticides were applied at 1.0 kg ai/ha to 4 replicated plots (50 sq m) by a manually operated, 19-1 knapsack sprayer with a fan jet nozzle in a randomized complete block design. Spray volume averaged 650 l/ha. Corn (2-4 seeds/hill, 50-cm between hills) was planted by hand in furrows 1-m wide and received no fertilizer application. Rainfall was 37 mm (Apr), 305 mm (May), and 144 mm (June); RH averaged 77%; and the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures were 35° and 23 ° C, respectively, during the crop period. At harvest 25 plants/plot were examined and cut open to record the number of corn borer cavities and larvae (inside and outside the stems). Yield was based on 20-sq m. The ears were sorted by length to select those which were marketable (10 cm). Insect damaged ears are marketable to the local consumers.
Cabbage Looper Control on Head Lettuce, 1978
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D.
Published: March 2022

This trial was conducted at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station where the soil type is Laveen Clay loam. Empire variety of lettuce (naked seed) was planted in a dry seed bed Aug 25, 2 seed rows per 40-inch bed using a sled type planter. The planting was furrow irrigated, keeping the beds damp until germination took place. Plants were thinned to a 12 inch spacing on Sep 25 after which they were side dressed with nitrogen fertilizer and irrigated. Plots were 4 (40 inch) beds wide, 13.3 ft by 20 ft long. A complete randomized block design was used, with all treatments replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays using a 2 gallon COo pressurized hand sprayer having a lightweight 2 nozzle boom operating at 55 psi. A single hollow cone nozzle per plant row was used when the plants were small. As they increased in size 2 hollow cone nozzles were used for each plant row. Egg and larval counts were made at approximately weekly intervals beginning on Sep 27 from the middle 2 beds of each plot. Ten plants at random were examined for eggs and larvae. Yield data was obtained from the middle 2 beds of each plot. The total number of plants in the 2 beds was recorded and the mature heads were graded according to #1 1/2, #2 and #3 1/2 sized heads. These numbers indicate the number of heads that can be packed into a standard lettuce shipping carton.
Cabbage Looper and Beet Armyworm Control on Lettuce, 1978
Authors: Tuscano N. C. , Kido K. , Steenwyk R. V.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage looper and beet armyworm control on Iceberg lettuce 'Climax' from plant emergence to plant thinning was investigated in Imperial Volley, California. Two types of lettuce planting practices are used in the Imperial Valley. They are the following: Precision-where seeds are planted in pairs, two inches apart from each other and pairs were planted at ten inch intervals; Standard-one seed every two inches apart. Each planting practice was treated as an independent plot until thinning. After thinning, the two plantings were combined in the counting of the larvae because the plant spacings were now identical. The plots were 2 beds (40 inch double planting), 50 ft long with 4 replicates in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied using a hand sprayer equipped with a CO2 cylinder fitted with 4 nozzles (#8004) per bed, operated at 60 gals/acre and 30 psi. The treatments were made on Oct 2 at plant emergence and on Oct 17 when plants were in the 4-5 leaf stage.
Southern Peas, Cowpea Curculio Control, Washington Co., 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B.
Published: March 2022

Southern peas were planted May 15. Plots were 4 rows wide, 50-ft long, 3-ft row width, replicated 4x in RCB. Plots were treated beginning at anthesis on Jun 30, Jul 3, 7, 10 and 14 using a hand sprayer, 30 psi, 50 gal water/acre When mature on Jul 17, 15 pods/plot were harvested, examined for curculio stings on the pod and seed.
Apple, Integrated Mite Control Test, 1979
Authors: Bower Colin C.
Published: March 2022

The experiment reported below was designed to test several miticides for midseason control of P. ulmi in an orchard where T. urticae was being controlled by T. occidentalis. The test was performed on a commercial orchard at Batlow, N. S. W. 350 km SW of Sydney. Nine-tree plots (3 × 3) were used with leaf samples taken from the center tree. Each treatment (see Tables) was replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete block design. Test sprays were applied dilute to all trees in each plot by an M.B.P. Airmist drivepast sprayer at 2800 liters/ha on Jan 18. Good coverage was achieved with little run-off. Control plots were sprayed with Plictran 50W (20 g/100 liters) on Jan 31 to prevent damage to trees by P. ulmi. Routine cover sprays applied by the grower to the study block during the test period were: Captan A 83W + Gusathion 50W + CaNO3 (Jan 12), Captan A 83W + Gusathion 50W (Jan 31). Samples of 25 leaves were taken from the inner parts of each study tree (100 leaves/treatment) below a height of 1.5 m at the time intervals shown in the table. The numbers of active stages of the 3 mite species were counted on the leaves using dissecting steromicroscopes.
Pepper (Hot), Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L.
Published: March 2022

Hot peppers were transplanted into single row plots 20-ft long on 42 inch centers with 5 ft alleys between blocks on May 18, near McGee's Crossroads, NC. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied weekly beginning Jun 28 and ending Aug 2 for a total of 6 applications. All sprays were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons/acre using a 2.5 gal CO9 pressurized hand sprayer equipped with a hollow cone nozzle, operated at 40 psi. Harvest yields and European corn borer counts were made on Jul 18 and Aug 9.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Insecticide Sprays, 1978
Authors: Bishop Guy W . , Hart Donald S. , Sandvol Larry
Published: March 2022

'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted in 3-ft rows Apr 19, at Parma, ID in Greenleaf-Owyhee silt loam soil. Plots were furrow irrigated. Sprays were applied with a CO2 hand sprayer at 40 psi and 60 gal/acre. Nozzles were spaced at 18 inches on a 4 ft boom. Treatments were replicated in 30-ft long 4-row plots in a randomized complete block design. Colorado potato beetle larvae were counted in a 25 ft section of the 2 center rows.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle on Irish Potatoes, 1979
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A.
Published: March 2022

'Norchip' Irish potatoes were planted, 10-inch spacing in 3-ft rows, on Mar 20. Each plot consisted of a single, 25-ft long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The treatments included in Tables 1, 2, 4 and 5 were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design; those treatments in Table 3 were replicated only 3 times. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5-gallon knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 75 gal/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. Applications were made on May 21 & 31, Jun 8 & 22 and Jul 2. In evaluating the various insecticideal treatments, direct counts of the number of potato beetle larvae/10 hills and late season foliage injury ratings were utilized. The several categories of the foliage injury ratings are as follows: 1) Only occasional chewing, necessary to look closely to see evidences of feeding damage; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of the leaves severely injured; 3) Severe feeding on up to 25% of foliage; 4) Heavy feeding on up to 50% of foliage; and 5) Practically 100% of foliage severely damaged, plants nearly defoliated; and Def. - Plants completely defoliated. Yields were taken on Jul 17.
Potato Insect Control with Foliar Sprays, 1978
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A.
Published: March 2022

Uncut 'Pungo' Irish potatoes (size B) were planted, 10-in spacing in 3-ft rows, on Jul 24. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single, 25-ft long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5-gal, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 100 gal/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. Applications were on Aug 21, 28; Sep 5, 12, 21; Oct 2, 12, 19 and 26. In evaluating the various insecticidal treatments; the number of potato beetle larvae, beet armyworms and European corn borers were recorded/10 hills of potatoes. Efficacy against the leafminers was determined by counting the total number of mines/10 hills. The potatoes were harvested on Nov 14.
Potato Pest Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1979
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted 25 May, at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Treatments were applied to 4-row plots, 45-ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized In complete blocks with 3 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from 17 July. Insecticides were applied Jul 20, Aug 1, Aug 15, Aug 30, and Sep 14, in 100 gal water/acre at ca. 200 psi. A tractor-drawn boom sprayer with 3 drop nozzles/row was used. Potato leafhopper nymphs, green peach aphid and potato aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot. Coun Counts were made the day before and the day after spraying, except that no postspray count was made after the Jul 20 application.
Apple, Apple Aphid Control, 1979
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to 9-yr-old apple trees on Jun 28 at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a handgun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 psi at a rate of ca. 200 gal/A. The fungicide cover program (rates as/100 gal) during the course of this experiment consisted of captan 80W (.625 lb) + Benlate 50W (2 oz) which was sprayed on the trees on Jul 2 and 16. There were no tank-mixtures of insecticides with fungicides. There were 2 single-tree replications/treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 2 'Mcintosh' culfivars/treatment. Prior to treatment, 10 succulent terminal vegetative shoots (5 with high aphid counts and 5 with low counts) were tagged around the periphery of each tree at a height of 3 to 6 ft. Evaluation was based on a count of all live aphids found on the distal 4 unfurled and 1 furled leaves and on the stem included by these leaves on each tagged terminal shoot. Aphid population pressure was somewhat severe. Jul was hot and dry except for heavy rains on Jul 1, 16, and 17.
Insect Control and Yield of Potatoes, 1979
Authors: Kee Edward , Graustein Mark
Published: March 2022

Plots of 4-rows by 40-ft in length were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Plots were located in a commercial field, planted Apr 6, near Leipsic, DE. Treatments were applied every 14 days beginning May 29 and ending Jul 24. These foliar sprays were applied with a wheel barrow design, CO2 sprayer with a drop nozzle system (3 nozzles per row) delivering 43 gallons/acre at 40 psi. Maneb fungicide was applied with each spray to all of the plots except the check and the Temik. The Temik was applied on Apr 6 at planting. The numbers of Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae were counted on May 29, Jun 8, and Jun 19 per 10 hills and on Jun 28, Jul 5 and Jul 16 per 6 ft of row. European corn borer and Green peach aphid populations were very low and as a result no significant data were obtained. Potatoes were harvested from the middle two rows, graded, and yield data obtained on Aug 13. Yield data was based on the total weight of the samples (all grades).
Irish Potato, Colorado Potato Beetle Contro, 1979
Authors: Mouzin T. E. , Chaney W. E.
Published: March 2022

'Superior' Irish potatoes were planted Apr 20 in 3-row plots 20-ft long in Lyles fine sandy loam soil. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on Jun 5, 13, 19 and 25; Jul 3 and 10 except that aldicarb was applied as a side-dress application on May 1 and immediately turned under. Sprays were applied with a 3 row, tractor mounted boom sprayer operating at 60 psi and delivering 37 gal/acre with 3 nozzles/row.
Control of Cabbage Maggot, 1982:
Authors: Tuttle A. F. , Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

'Sun-up' cabbage was transplanted to the field in Sunderland, MA on May 10. Fertilizer (10-10-10) was applied at 1200 lb/acre on May 4. The soil was a fine sandy loam with a pH of 6.7. There were two 21-ft rows per plot and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on a 3-ft row spacing and were made with a 2 liter CO2 pressurized sprayer at 80 gal of water/acre and 40 psi. All chemical treatments were applied on May 19 and Amaze 6E at 0.5 lb ai/acre was applied again on Jun 3. Number of plants surviving and number of plants infested by cabbage maggot were determined for each treatment on Jun 15.
Cabbage Looper Control in Collards, 1982
Authors: Sherrod D. W. , Francis J. A.
Published: March 2022

'Vates' collards were planted Jun 15 in 3 ft rows. Plots consisted of single rows, 25 ft long and were bordered on each side by an untreated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Foliar applications were made with a propane compressed air backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 50 gal water/acre (40 psi). Foliar applications were made on Aug 11, 17, 24, 31, and Sep 7. The number of cabbage loopers was recorded for 5 plants chosen from the center of each plot on Aug 26. Foliage injury ratings were made on Sep 2 using a 0-5 scale as follows: 0) no damage; 1) slight feeding, less than 5% defoliation; 2) visible feeding with 5-10% defoliation; 3) moderate damage, 10-25% defoliation; 4) heavy damage, 25-50% defoliation; 5) severe damage, greater than 50% defoliation.
Control of the Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Collards with Nuclear Polyhedrosis and Granulosis Viruses and Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1982
Authors: Tompkins George J. , Linduska James J. , Young Janet M. , Dougherty Edward M.
Published: March 2022

'Vates' collards were direct seeded in 3 row plots 20 ft long on Jul 8. Plants were spaced 4-6 inches apart in the row and 36 inches between rows. Each row was buffered by a guard row. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk 'A' loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 0.5 liter of water and applied with a trombone type garden sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gal/acre. Because the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses do not infest the imported cabbageworm, the granulosis virus was sprayed so that damage primarily from cabbage looper could be assessed. Treatments of the Pieris rapae granulosis virus were applied on Aug 10, 17, 24, 31 and Sep 7. Treatments of the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, Bacillus thuringiensis, Lannate, and Pydrin were applied on Aug 17, 24, 31 and Sep 7. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1-5 and were indexed as foI lows: (1) 0-3% damage = odd holes on leaves; (2) 4-10% damage = few leaves with holes; (3) 11-25% damage = moderate number of leaves with holes; (4) 26-50% damage = most leaves with holes; and (5) 51-100% damage = crown damage and/or all leaves with holes.
Control of Late Season Worms on Silking Sweet Corn, 1982
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

The sweet corn used in this study was located on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, New Hampshire. The entire block had received one application of Lannate 1.8L at 0.9 lb. ai/acre while in the whorl stage to prevent excessive damage by the fall armyworm before the crop reached the silking stage. Each plot consisted of a 30-ft row and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Spray treatments were applied to the silk area of the ears beginning at approximately 10% silk stage on Sep 9. The applications were repeated on Sep 10 and 14. The sprays were applied using a 1-gal B & G CO pressurized sprayer at a rate of 42 gal of spray per acre and directing the spray to both sides of the row. Evaluations were maxle on Sep 28 by examining 25 ears from each replicate for the presence of worms and/or feeding damage.
Simulated Home Garden Insecticidal Trials for Control of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm on Sweet Corn in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Harper J. D. , Herbert D. A. , Hollingsworth M. H.
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn tests were conducted at the Auburn University North Alabama Horticulture Substation at Cullman, Al on an early-season planting of Buttersweet corn, and on a mid-season planting of Silver Queen. Plots were 3 rows (44-inch centers) x 10 ft. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Liquid formulations were applied to early-season test plots with a compressed-air garden sprayer delivering 30 gpa, and to mid-season test plots with a CO2pressurized Hudson sprayer delivering 17.5 gpa. Dust applications were made using a hand operated whirlwind duster delivering 5 lb/acre. All applications were made by walking along each side of each row and directing the spray or dust at the level of, and toward the ears. The early-season test received 3 applications, at 5 day intervals , beginning at initial silking , Jun 25. The mid-season test received applications from Jul 29 through Aug 17 at either 1, 3, or 5 day intervals. Treatment efficacy was determined through damage ratings and larval counts on 20 ears per plot. Ears were shucked, examined for larvae, and rated by the following 1-6 scale: 1 = clean; 2 = slight silk or tip damage; 3 = tip damage of <1.5 inch; 4 = tip damage of >1.5 inch; 5 = side damage; 6 = tip and side damage. Mean damage ratings and larval counts were analyzed using the ANOVA test and compared using Duncan’s multiple range test.
Corn Earworm, Fall Armyworm and European Corn Borer Control on Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. , Schillaci Paul A.
Published: March 2022

‘Silver Queen’ and ‘Apache’ were planted on Jun 17 and Jun 29, respectively, in single-row plots 10 ft long on 42-inch centers with 5 ft alleys between replications at McGee’s Crossroads, NC. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Granular treatments were applied preplant incorporated in-furrow to a sandy mineral soil with an organic matter content of 2.5% and pH 5.9. Soil temperature was 75 and soil moisture was slightly below field capacity. Initial foliar treatments were directed to the whorl on Jul 19, with 4 subsequent treatments on Jul 22, 27, Aug 3 and 7. Treatments were directed to the ear zone for 9 applications on Aug 10, 12, 14, 17, 20, 23, 25, 28 and Sep 1.
Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. , Schillaci Paul A.
Published: March 2022

‘Silver Queen’ and ‘Apache’ were planted near Benson, NC on May 12 and May 21 respectively. Single-row plots were 10 ft long on 42-inch centers with 7-ft alleys between replications. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Initial treatments were based on black light insect trap counts in excess of 5 moths per trap per night and direct field observation of eggs on silking corn. Initial treatment was Jul 14, with 6 subsequent treatments Jul 19, 21, 22, 25, 27, and 29. All applications were directed to the ear zone at the rate equivalent to 100 gal/acre using a 2.5 gal CO2pressurized hand sprayer equipped with a single hollow cone nozzle operated at 40 psi. All mature ears were harvested and divided into 3 damage classes. Corn earworm pressure was extremely light.
Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Story R. N. , Riley E. G. , Sundstrom F. J.
Published: March 2022

Three varieties of corn (Bonanza, Jubilee, and Silver Queen) were planted at the Louisiana State University Ben Hur Research Station in the Spring of 1981. Four separate plantings of all 3 corn varieties were made on Feb 26 (early planting), Mar 27 (recommended), and Apr 22 (late) using both conventional tillage and non-tillage. Corn was planted in 4-ft-wide rows with ca 1 ft spacing. A split plot experimental design (4 replications) was used with corn variety as the whole plot and insecticide treatment as the subplot. The experimental unit was a single row of corn 40 ft in length. Insecticides were applied by hand to silks until run off with a Chapin compressed air sprayer with a hollow cone spray tip. Applications were made from silk emergence until harvest by examining 20 ears per experimental unit for earworm damage.
Fall Armyworm Mortality from Treatments to Whorl Stage Sweet Corn, 1982
Authors: Straub Richard W.
Published: March 2022

‘Harmony’ was planted Jun 21 (Test 1) and Jul 8 (Test 2) in Tioga silt-loam soil at New Paltz, NY. Treatments were arranged in 2 row plots 275 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Granular insecticides were applied through a Gandy applicator mounted on the hydraulic boom of a high clearance sprayer operated at a ground speed of 2.5 mph. Granules were directed through a 4-inch bander to the centers of plants in the mid-whorl stage of development. Foliar spray treatments were applied at the mid-whorl stage with a high-clearance sprayer through 3 nozzles (D-2 hollow cone)/row, dispensing 42 gal/acre at 100 psi. Treatments were applied to Test 1 and 2 on Aug 4 and 23, respectively, and evaluated 7 day post application. Treatment efficacy was determined by randomly selecting 25 infested plants/replicate, recording the number of dead and live larvae, and converting to % kill after adjustment for check mortality.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control in Eggplant, 1982
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Florida Hibush’ eggplants were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on May 14. Single row plots were 12 ft long and 5 ft wide; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied with a self-propelled high-clearance sprayer with 1 drop nozzle on either side of the row and 1 nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 68 gal/acre at 200 psi. Treatments were applied Jun 21 and 28; Jul 19; Aug 6 and 26; Sep 7. Plant defoliation ratings were recorded Jul 2 and Aug 25. Mature fruit were harvested on Jul 26; Aug 4 and 25; Sep 14; Oct 12. All fruit were examined for percent damage or scarred fruit caused by Colorado potato beetle feeding. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Insect Control on Eggplant, 1980
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M.
Published: March 2022

‘Black Jet’ eggplant was transplanted in single row plots 15 ft long on May 22 near Benson, NC. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5 ft alleys between replications. Treflan (0.5 lb ai/acre) was incorporated preplant. Treatments were applied weekly from Jun 6 to Sep 5 for a total of 15 applications. Applications were made using a single hollow cone nozzle on a piston pump sprayer operated at 40 psi at a rate equivalent to 100 gal of water per acre. Colorado potato beetle and flea beetle counts were made on 3 plants per plot on Jun 27, Jul 17, 31, and Aug 14. Damage ratings for Colorado potato beetle and flea beetle were made on Aug 14. Fruit was harvested weekly from Jul 1 to Sep 1. Total fruit per plot were counted and graded for quality based on shape, color, and insect damage.
European Corn Borer Control on Green Pepper, 1982
Authors: Corredor D. , Vondal D. , Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

Green peppers were transplanted Jun 2 at the University of Massachusetts Research Farm, Sunderland, MA. Each plot was 1 row, 22.5 ft long with 18 inches between plants. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The insecticides were applied on Aug 12. 19, 26 and Sep 2 with a 2 liter CO2sprayer at 75 gal/acre and 55 psi. European corn borer control was assessed by harvesting 25 commercial size peppers from eacn plot on Sep 9 and examining them for injury.
Wireworm Control with Soil Applied Insecticides, 1981
Authors: Bishop Guy , Blackmer Jackie , Baird Craig
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted Apr 16 at the Malheur, Oregon experiment station in silt loam soil. Chemicals were hand mixed into the soil covering the tubers to simulate an at-planting machine application. Treatments were replicated in 2-row 30 ft furrow irrigated plots with 36 inch row spacing in a randomized complete block design. All tubers from each plot were harvested, weighed, and examined for injuries.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Irish Potatoes, 1982
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

This study was located on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, New Hampshire. ‘Katahdin’ Irish potato seed pieces were planted in rows 3 ft apart on May 21. Each plot consisted of two 47 ft rows and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. The plots were separated by 2 buffer rows that had been treated with Temik 15G at 3 lb ai/acre in the seed furrow at planting time. Spray applications were made on Jul 13, 23, and Aug 2, 13, and 24 with a B & G CO2pressurized sprayer at a rate of 36 gal/acre (40 psi) using a 5 ft hand-held boom with 4 nozzles which covered 2 rows at a time. Control was determined on Jul 27 and Sep 2 by counting the live larvae and adults in each plot (94 ft row) that were visible from above without disturbing the foliage.
Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticide Efficacy Trial, 1980
Authors: Dripps James E. , Smilowitz Zane , Yocum John O.
Published: March 2022

At the Southeastern Field Research Laboratory, Lancaster County, PA a randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Plots consisted of four 24 ft rows planted 34 inches apart. Certified, Class B ‘Norchip’ seed potatoes were planted on May 8, with a 9 inch spacing between plants. Two rows of corn were planted along each plot to reduce drift. Temik 15 G (3.0 lb ai/acre) was applied in furrow at planting. Dithane M-45 was applied at 1.5 lb ai/acre on a 5-7 day schedule for potato late blight control. Pirimor 50 WP was applied early in the season to eliminate green peach aphid (Myzus persicaeSulz.) populations. The foliar insecticides were applied Jul 3, 21, Aug 13, and 28 with a Myers air blast sprayer in 50 gal of water per acre at 200 psi. Ten stems per plot were sampled each wk for all stages of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) beginning Jun 29. A subjective damage estimate was also assessed, 1 for little or no damage through, 5 for more than 75% defoliation. Two rows per plot were harvested Sep 22 and graded by size. Rainfall totalled 5.03 inches for Jun, 3.65 inches for Jul, and 2.64 inches for Aug. Maximum and minimum average daily temperatures (0F) were 80.5 and 53.5 for Jun, 87.8 and 61.9 for Jul and 87.8 and 62.5 for Aug. Approximately 0.74 inches of rain followed the Jul 21 application, and temperatures were above 85 F on this date and Aug 25 which may have effected efficacy of these compounds.
Peach, Control of Late Season Oriental Fruit Moth, 1982
Authors: Swift Fred C.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted in a 5-year-old peach block, variety N.J. 193. Three trees arranged in a randomized block design were used for each treatment. Sprays were applied on Jul 27, Aug 13, Aug 30, and Sep 12, which spanned broods 3 and 4 of OFM. Sprays were applied to run-off, ca 2 gal per tree, using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 250 psi. Treatments were evaluated by cutting open 50 fruit per replicate on Sep 24 and checking for the presence of 4th generation larvae.
Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1982.
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Baird Craig R.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes (planted Apr 21 at Kimberly, ID) were sprayed to control Colorado potato beetle on Jul 9. Applications were made with a CO2pressurized back-pack broadcast sprayer. Spray pressure was 30 psi to apply 25 gal H20/acre using Spraying Systems 8004 flat fan nozzles. Plot size was 2 rows (6 ft) x 20 ft. Nine treatments and an untreated checx were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Beetle larvae were counted 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after application. Counts were taken by recording the number of larvae visible in the center 15 ft of both rows of the plot, or, the number of larvae visible in 30 ft of row.
Foliar Spray to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) on Tomato, 1982
Authors: Vondal D.J. , Ferro D.N.
Published: March 2022

‘Jet Star’ tomato seedlings were transplanted Jun 11 into the field in Sunderland, MA. The soil type was a sandy loam. Treatment plots consisted of two 18-ft rows spaced 4 ft apart with 8 plants per row. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a 3 gal stainless-steel backpack sprayer at 60 gal/acre. Treatments were applied Jun 23. Direct counts were taken to evaluate adult CPB control on all plants in each treatment plot on Jun 25.
Control of Insects on Tomato in West Florida, Spring, 1982
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set Mar 2, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft-wide by 8 inch-high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied Apr 1, 12, 19, 27, May 5, 12, 19, 26, and Jun 3 with a 2.5-gal hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 125-200 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). On Apr 27 after the foliage dried, 5 fully expanded leaflets were excised from each plot which had been sprayed with water (check), Lannate or Sok (Bacillusthuringiensisvar kurstakiBerliner) and placed on water-moistened filter paper on the bottoms of 2 inch diameter plastic cups. Mve first instar beet armyworm larvae were placed in each cup and the cups were sealed. The cups and larvae were placed in a room at ca 80°F and 14-h photoperiod for 3 days at which time the numbers of apparently healthy, dead and moribund larvae were counted. On May 5, another sample of excised foliage was bioassayed with first instar beet armyworm larvae. On May 12, 14, and 17, excised foliage samples were bioassayed as before using first instar tomato pinworm larvae. Percent mortality (dead plus moribund) was calculated for each post-treatment bioassay and corrected for natural mortality according to Abbott’s formula. Percentage data were transformed arcsine (%)(.01) prior to analysis but data are presented in the original scale. The number of undamaged fruit and number of fruit damaged by noctuid larvae (principally the southern armyworm and tomato fruitworm) and those damaged by southern green stink bugs were totaled over harvests taken on May 24, Jun 1, and 8. On Jun 10, 5 plants per plot were cut and shaken and the number of dislodged southern green stink bug nymphs and adults was counted.
Alfalfa Insect Control, Iowa, 1982
Authors: David Buntin G. , Pedigo L.P.
Published: March 2022

Plots measuring 20 x 40 ft were established near Ankeny, IA. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete-block design. Conventionally applied treatments were applied on May 19 at the rate of 28 gal/acre with a CO2-charged (24 psi) bicycle sprayer equipped with SS8003 flat-fan nozzles. Three treatments were applied with Micrornax Controlled Droplet Application (CDA) nozzles. Nozzles rotated at 5000 rev/min and ground speed was 2.7 mph which delivered 2 gal/acre. A standard 15-in sweep net was used to take 10 pendulum sweeps in each plot on 1 day before treatment and 5, 9, and 14-days post treatment. No phytoxicity was observed in any treatment.