bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient Myocardial Thickening in Cats Associated with Heart Failure
Authors: Novo Matos J. , Pereira N. , Glaus T. , Wilkie L. , Borgeat K. , Loureiro J. , Silva J. , Law V. , Kranjc A. , Connolly D.J. , Luis Fuentes V.
Published: December 2017

Background

Cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and congestive heart failure (CHF) can have resolution of both left ventricular hypertrophy and CHF.

Objectives

To describe the clinical characteristics of cats with transient myocardial thickening (TMT) and CHF compared with a control population of cats without resolution of HCM.

Animals

A total of 21 cats with TMT, 21 cats with HCM.

Methods

Retrospective study. Clinical records at 4 veterinary centers were searched for TMT cases and a control group of cats with HCM and CHF. TMT was defined as initial maximal left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) ≥6 mm with left‐sided CHF, with subsequent resolution of CHF, reduction in left atrium/aorta (LA/Ao), and LVWT<5.5 mm. HCM was defined as persistent LVWT ≥6 mm.

Results

Cats with TMT were younger (2 [0.4–11.4] years) than cats with HCM (8 [1.6–14] years) (P < 0.0001), and antecedent events were more common (15/21 versus 6/21, respectively) (P = 0.01). In cats with TMT, LVWT normalized from 6.8 [6.0–9.7] mm to 4.8 [2.8–5.3] mm and LA/Ao decreased from 1.8 [1.6–2.3] to 1.45 [1.2–1.7] after a mean interval of 3.3 (95% CI: 1.8–4.7) months. CHF recurred in 1 of 21 TMT and 15 of 21 cats with HCM. Cardiac treatment was discontinued in 20 of 21 cats with TMT and 0 of 21 HCM cats. All cats with TMT survived, whereas 8 of 19 cats with HCM died during the study period.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

TMT occurs in younger cats, and antecedent events are common. The prognosis is better in cats with CHF associated with TMT than HCM.
Effect of Stocking Rate on Growing Juvenile Sunshine Bass, Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis, in an Outdoor Biofloc Production System
Authors: Green Bartholomew W. , Rawles Steven D. , Webster Carl D. , McEntire Matthew E.
Published: December 2017

The biofloc technology production system is a production‐intensifying management strategy used primarily for culturing tilapia and penaeid shrimp, both of which can consume the biofloc. Other fish can be grown in biofloc systems because the biofloc serves to maintain water quality, metabolizing the ammonia excreted by intensively fed fish. A dose–response study was conducted in an outdoor biofloc system to begin quantifying the stocking rate production function for sunshine bass, Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis, advanced fingerlings. Sunshine bass (2.9 ± 0.2 g/fish) were stocked into tanks at 50–250 fish/m2 in 50 fish/m2 increments. After 94 d, gross yields ranged from 1.4 to 3.1 kg/m3 and were independent of stocking rate. Harvested fish were separated into two size groups: smaller than 115 mm total length (TL, target fish) and larger than 115 mm TL (jumper fish). Target fish increased linearly from 62 to 93% and jumpers decreased linearly from 38 to 7% of the population, respectively, as stocking rate increased. The outdoor biofloc system offers potential for intensifying the production of advanced sunshine bass fingerlings, but feed consumption appeared to be impeded by high total suspended solids concentrations. Further research is needed to optimize stocking rates and solids management.
Genetic diversity of small populations: Not always “doom and gloom”?
Authors: Fraser Dylan J.
Published: December 2017

Is a key theory of evolutionary and conservation biology—that loss of genetic diversity can be predicted from population size—on shaky ground? In the face of increasing human‐induced species depletion and habitat fragmentation, this question and the study of genetic diversity in small populations are paramount to understanding the limits of species’ responses to environmental change and to providing remedies to endangered species conservation. Few empirical studies have investigated to what degree some small populations might be buffered against losses of genetic diversity. Even fewer studies have experimentally tested the potential underlying mechanisms. The study of Schou, Loeschcke, Bechsgaard, Schlotterer, and Kristensen () in this issue of Molecular Ecology is elegant in combining classic common garden experimentation with population genomics on an iconic experimental model species (Drosophila melanogaster). The authors reveal a slower rate of loss of genetic diversity in small populations under varying thermal regimes than theoretically expected and hence an unexpected retention of genetic diversity. They are further able to hone in on a plausible mechanism: associative overdominance, wherein homozygosity of deleterious recessive alleles is especially disfavoured in genomic regions of low recombination. These results contribute to a budding literature on the varying mechanisms underlying genetic diversity in small populations and encourage further such research towards the effective management and conservation of fragmented or endangered populations.
Earth Dam Construction Simulation Considering Stochastic Rainfall Impact
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhong Denghua , Wu Binping , Lv Fei , Cui Bo
Published: December 2017

Effective construction scheme planning is critical for schedule management, but heavy rain can affect construction processes. In previous studies, stochastic rainfall characteristics are often ignored, and their impact on macro‐ and microconstruction states are not depicted comprehensively. This research presents a construction simulation model to design reasonable construction schemes considering impact of stochastic rainfall. First, a rainfall model suitable for areas with heavy rainfall and uneven seasonal rainfall distribution is built. Then, multiaspect indicators are defined to intuitively quantify rainfall impact. Two case studies are conducted to evaluate applicability of the proposed method. Results demonstrate that the developed rainfall model aligns closely with observed data. Simulation findings reveal that if stochastic rainfall characteristics are ignored, the schedule and queuing probability of trucks will be underestimated, while machinery utilization will be overestimated. This research provides an effective simulation tool for determining adaptive measures to mitigate impacts of rainfall events.
The dual role of MamB in magnetosome membrane assembly and magnetite biomineralization
Authors: Uebe René , Keren‐Khadmy Noa , Zeytuni Natalie , Katzmann Emanuel , Navon Yotam , Davidov Geula , Bitton Ronit , Plitzko Jürgen M. , Schüler Dirk , Zarivach Raz
Published: December 2017

Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR‐1 synthesizes membrane‐enclosed magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, magnetosomes, for magnetotaxis. Formation of these organelles involves a complex process comprising key steps which are governed by specific magnetosome‐associated proteins. MamB, a cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family member has been implicated in magnetosome‐directed iron transport. However, deletion mutagenesis studies revealed that MamB is essential for the formation of magnetosome membrane vesicles, but its precise role remains elusive. In this study, we employed a multi‐disciplinary approach to define the role of MamB during magnetosome formation. Using site‐directed mutagenesis complemented by structural analyses, fluorescence microscopy and cryo‐electron tomography, we show that MamB is most likely an active magnetosome‐directed transporter serving two distinct, yet essential functions. First, MamB initiates magnetosome vesicle formation in a transport‐independent process, probably by serving as a landmark protein. Second, MamB transport activity is required for magnetite nucleation. Furthermore, by determining the crystal structure of the MamB cytosolic C‐terminal domain, we also provide mechanistic insight into transport regulation. Additionally, we present evidence that magnetosome vesicle growth and chain formation are independent of magnetite nucleation and magnetic interactions respectively. Together, our data provide novel insight into the role of the key bifunctional magnetosome protein MamB, and the early steps of magnetosome formation.
Leadership Selection and Cooperative Behavior in Social Dilemmas: An Empirical Exploration of Assigned versus Group‐Chosen Leadership
Authors: Naquin Charles E. , Kurtzberg Terri R.
Published: December 2017

This research explores the leadership selection process as an antecedent to group cooperation. We compare group‐chosen and assigned leaders and explore their resulting influence upon the group process and outcome in a social dilemma context. In three empirical studies, we predict and provide support for the idea that group‐chosen leaders will attend more to the social aspects of the group's interaction as opposed to the economic (bottom‐line) ones than will assigned leaders. Additionally, we found that those groups with group‐chosen leaders had more overall group cooperation (i.e., less economic self‐interest), greater trust in one another and in the leader, and had leaders who displayed more socially oriented leadership behaviors.
Causes and mechanisms of adipocyte enlargement and adipose expansion
Authors: Haczeyni F. , Bell‐Anderson K. S. , Farrell G. C.
Published: December 2017

Adipose tissue plays a significant role in whole body energy homeostasis. Obesity‐associated diabetes, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome are closely linked to adipose stress and dysfunction. Genetic predisposition, overeating and physical inactivity influence the expansion of adipose tissues. Under conditions of constant energy surplus, adipocytes become hypertrophic and adipose tissues undergo hyperplasia so as to increase their lipid storage capacity, thereby keeping circulating blood glucose and fatty acids below toxic levels. Nonetheless, adipocytes have a saturation point where they lose capacity to store more lipids. At this stage, when adipocytes are fully lipid‐engorged, they express stress signals. Adipose depots (particularly visceral compartments) from obese individuals with a severe metabolic phenotype are characterized by the high proportion of hypertrophic adipocytes. This review focuses on the mechanisms of adipocyte enlargement in relation to adipose fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, and considers how this may be related to adipose dysfunction.
Local anesthesia in pediatric dermatologic surgery: Evaluation of a patient‐centered approach
Authors: El Hachem May , Carnevale Claudia , Diociaiuti Andrea , Ranieri Cristiana De , Giancristoforo Simona , Zambruno Giovanna , Ciofi Degli Atti Marta L.
Published: December 2017

Background/Objectives

A few studies have documented the effect of local anesthesia for minor dermatologic surgical procedures on children and their parents. Our objective was to evaluate the psychological effect and global satisfaction of a patient‐centered approach to dermatologic surgery under local anesthesia.

Methods

Two self‐administered questionnaires were used to evaluate the distress and global satisfaction of 388 children who underwent dermatologic surgery under local anesthesia, accompanied by oral and written therapeutic education measures (structured information and a cartoon brochure illustrating the procedure) addressed to children and parents. Distraction techniques were also used during the procedures.

Results

Although 54.5% of patients manifested some degree of fear, all other parameters analyzed (pain, surgery‐related distress, surgical team–patient and –family relationship, global satisfaction) indicated that the procedures resulted in limited distress and that the large majority of children and parents tolerated them well.

Conclusion

Specific measures for therapeutic pediatric patient education may be helpful in limiting discomfort, anxiety, and pain perception linked to procedures performed under local anesthesia. Further controlled studies are required to more precisely assess the benefits of specific therapeutic education measures.
Unemployment burden and its distribution: Theory and evidence from India
Authors: Motiram Sripad , Naraparaju Karthikeya
Published: December 2017

We develop a measure of unemployment that takes into account both the duration and intensity of unemployment. This measure satisfies several desirable properties, including distribution sensitivity, which deals with differences among the unemployed. It is particularly suited to developing countries because individuals in these countries display considerable variation in labor force participation, unemployment duration, and unemployment intensity. It can also be decomposed into mean and variance components and contributions to unemployment by various subgroups of the population. We use this measure and data from National Sample Surveys on employment and unemployment to understand unemployment in India during the period 1993 to 2012. We show that unemployment has generally fallen, although the distribution of unemployment has worsened. Moreover, unemployment is driven to a greater extent by higher educated groups; the unemployment among these groups is also fairly substantial. We explain these findings and suggest some policies.
An economic model of search and matching in international trade
Authors: Reimer Jeffrey J. , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2017

A framework is developed to explain export participation among firms that produce differentiated products and may choose to exert costly effort to find foreign buyers. Export participation is linked to firm search costs, importer search costs, tariffs, the rate of contract breakdown, the distribution of bargaining power, and the degree of product differentiation. Propositions are derived that shed light on historic changes in export participation among firms while also generating hypotheses for further study. The model is applied to small U.S. food manufacturers and is shown to be able to explain changes in export participation among such firms.
Effects of a targeted blood management programme on allogeneic blood transfusion in abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery
Authors: Stoneham M. D. , Von Kier S. , Harvey L. , Murphy M.
Published: December 2017

Objectives

To investigate the impact of a dedicated cell salvage practitioner team on blood loss and allogeneic transfusion in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery.

Background

Cell salvage reduces allogeneic transfusion in AAA surgery, but is commonly performed by the anaesthetic nurse. At our hospital, a dedicated patient blood management practitioner is present for all elective open AAA repairs.

Methods/Materials

Data were collected on 171 AAA patients operated on at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford over a 3‐year period, looking at the Patient Blood Management processes, including: blood loss, cell salvage, near‐patient testing (thrombelastography) and transfusion rates of allogeneic blood products.

Results

Blood loss ranged from 3–108% of estimated blood volume (EBV) (median 25% = 1500 mL). In seven patients who lost 70–110% of their EBV, none reached the thrombelastography intervention threshold for R time (11 min) or MA (48 mm) despite such massive blood loss. Overall, only 7/171 (4%) patients received intra‐operative allogeneic blood, all of whom had a mean baseline haemoglobin concentration < 106 g L−1 (median 98, range 95–105 g L−1). In terms of other blood products, only 4/171 (2·3%) received one unit of platelets each intra‐operatively. None received FFP or cryoprecipitate.

Conclusions

Such low levels of allogeneic transfusion have not been reported previously. We hypothesise that this is due to the additional blood management contributions of the specialised cell salvage practitioners and collaboration with the rest of the vascular surgical team. These results support the development of pre‐operative anaemia clinics. Overall the service runs at a profit to the trust.
Factors for incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapy including drug refill and clinic visits among older adults living with human immunodeficiency virus – cross‐sectional study in South Africa
Authors: Barry Abbie , Ford Nathan , El‐Khatib Ziad
Published: December 2017

Objectives

To assess adherence outcomes to antiretroviral therapy (ART) of recipients ≥50 years in Soweto, South Africa.

Methods

This was a secondary data analysis for a cross‐sectional study at two HIV clinics in Soweto. Data on ART adherence and covariates were gathered through structured interviews with HIV 878 persons living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving ART. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations.

Results

PLHIV ≥50 years (n = 103) were more likely to miss clinic visits during the last six months than PLHIV aged 25–49 (OR 2.15; 95%CI 1.10–4.18). PLHIV ≥50 years with no or primary‐level education were less likely to have missed a clinic visit during the last six months than PLHIV with secondary‐ or tertiary‐level education in the same age category (OR 0.3; 95%CI 0.1–1.1), as were PLHIV who did not disclose their status (OR 0.2; 95%CI 0–1.1). There was no evidence of increased risk for non‐adherence to ART pills and drug refill visits among older PLHIV.

Conclusion

Missing a clinic visit was more common among older PLHIV who were more financially vulnerable. Further studies are needed to verify these findings and identify new risk factors associated with ART adherence.
Removal of hemangiosarcoma cells from canine blood with a cell salvage system and leukocyte reduction filter
Authors: Ciepluch Brittany , Wilson‐Robles Heather , Levine Gwendolyn , Smith Roger , Wright Gus A. , Miller Tasha , O'Brien Maureen T. , Thieman Mankin Kelley M.
Published: December 2017

Objective

To determine the ability of an intraoperative cell salvage (IOCS) system and a leukocyte reduction filter (LRF) to remove hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cells from canine blood.

Study Design

Cultured HSA cells were added to canine blood to simulate intraoperative hemorrhage and address hemoabdomen from ruptured splenic HSA. The blood/HSA cell mixture was processed through an IOCS, followed by LRF processing.

Sample Population

Whole blood from 3 healthy dogs combined with cultured HSA cells.

Methods

The ability of quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), multiparameter flow cytometry, and cytologic examination to detect 50 HSA cells per milliliter of culture media was confirmed. RT‐PCR, multiparameter flow cytometry, and cytologic examination were used to determine the presence of cultured HSA cells at 4 points during processing.

Results

HSA cells were found in all control samples and in all samples after IOCS but prior to LRF processing with all 3 cell detection methods. HSA cells were not found after IOCS/LRF processing with all 3 cell detection methods.

Conclusion

IOCS combined with LRF processing is able to remove cultured HSA cells from canine blood. The addition of LRF to IOCS may allow application of IOCS in dogs with HSA.

Clinical significance

A combination of IOCS and LRF processing may provide an alternative to allogeneic blood transfusion in dogs with hemoabdomen due to HSA.
Use of spider webs as indicators of air quality assessment of Lahore City
Authors: Tahir Hafiz Muhammad , Aamir Hammad , Nadeem Junaid
Published: December 2017

High level of heavy metal contaminants in air is known to cause serious health problems if remained unchecked for a long period of time. Anthropogenic activities such as vehicular emissions and number of industries are responsible for increasing the level of heavy metals. The aim of the present study was to biologically monitor the level of heavy metal contamination by spider webs. These sites were selected based on variable traffic volume and number of industries. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used for the analysis of metal pollution content. The study determined that the level of heavy metals at the selected sampling sites were several folds higher than that at the control site and in previously reported literature. Pb was determined to be the most abundant heavy metal, while Thokar Niaz Baig was reported as the most contaminated site. These elevated levels of metal contaminants are associated with heavy traffic flow, number of industries and constructional activities in the respective areas.
Two-Digit Robotic Exoskeleton Glove Mechanism: Design and Integration
Authors: Refour Eric , Sebastian Bijo , Ben-Tzvi Pinhas
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the design and integration of a two-digit robotic exoskeleton glove mechanism. The proposed glove is designed to assist the user with grasping motions, such as the pincer grasp, while maintaining a natural coupling relationship among the finger and thumb joints, resembling that of a normal human hand. The design employs single degree-of-freedom (DOF) linkage mechanisms to achieve active flexion and extension of the index finger and thumb. This greatly reduces the overall weight and size of the system making it ideal for prolonged usage. The paper describes the design, mathematical modeling of the proposed system, detailed electromechanical design, and software architecture of the integrated prototype. The prototype is capable of recording information about the index finger and thumb movements, interaction forces exerted by the finger/thumb on the exoskeleton, and can provide feedback through vibration. In addition, the glove can serve as a standalone device for rehabilitation purposes, such as assisting in achieving tip or pulp pinch. The paper concludes with an experimental validation of the proposed design by comparing the motion produced using the exoskeleton glove on a wooden mannequin with that of a natural human hand.
Nanoscale magnetic imaging using circularly polarized high-harmonic radiation
Authors: Kfir Ofer , Zayko Sergey , Nolte Christina , Sivis Murat , Möller Marcel , Hebler Birgit , Arekapudi Sri Sai Phani Kanth , Steil Daniel , Schäfer Sascha , Albrecht Manfred , Cohen Oren , Mathias Stefan , Ropers Claus
Published: December 2017

We introduce laboratory-scale magneto-optical imaging with sub–50-nm resolution using high-harmonic radiation.
Elastic and electronic tuning of magnetoresistance in MoTe
2
Authors: Yang Junjie , Colen Jonathan , Liu Jun , Nguyen Manh Cuong , Chern Gia-wei , Louca Despina
Published: December 2017

Uniaxial tensile strain changes the magnetoresistance according to the direction it is applied on in MoTe
2
.
Microbial antigen encounter during a preweaning interval is critical for tolerance to gut bacteria
Authors: Knoop Kathryn A. , Gustafsson Jenny K. , McDonald Keely G. , Kulkarni Devesha H. , Coughlin Paige E. , McCrate Stephanie , Kim Dongyeon , Hsieh Chyi-Song , Hogan Simon P. , Elson Charles O. , Tarr Phillip I. , Newberry Rodney D.
Published: December 2017

Bacterial antigen encounter in a preweaning interval is critical for developing antigen-specific tolerance to gut bacteria.
Use of general practice before and after mild traumatic brain injury: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Galili Stine Fjendbo , Bech Bodil Hammer , Vestergaard Claus , Fenger-Gron Morten , Christensen Jakob , Vestergaard Mogens , Ahrensberg Jette
Published: December 2017

Objectives

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is commonly seen in the emergency department (ED). Approximately 85%–90% of TBIs are mild (mTBI). Some cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, anxiety, blurred vision, insomnia and concentration difficulties, collectively known as postconcussion syndrome (PCS). Some studies suggest that recovery from mTBI is complete. Others find that symptoms persist for months, even years. The aim of this study was to describe the use of general practice, before and after mTBI, as a proxy for symptoms in a large cohort.

Design

Nationwide population-based matched cohort study.

Setting

Danish EDs and general practice.

Participants

All patients (aged ≥18 years), first-time diagnosed with mTBI in a Danish ED between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2010 (n=93 517). Ten reference persons per patient with mTBI were randomly matched on gender, age and general practice (n=935 170).

Primary outcome

Overall use of general practice; consultations relating to mental and physical health.

Results

We found higher use of general practice during the first year after mTBI for all ages, both genders and all types of contacts. Age 18–40 years: women, incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.59 (95% CI 1.57 to 1.61); men, IRR 1.82 (95% CI 1.80 to 1.85). Age 41–65 years: women, IRR 1.75 (95% CI 1.72 to 1.78); men, IRR 1.85(95% CI 1.82 to 1.89). Age 66+ years: women, IRR 1.55 (95% CI 1.52 to 1.58); men, IRR 1.55 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.59). After the first year, the use decreased to the level before mTBI. Individuals with mTBI and higher use of general practice before mTBI had lower socioeconomic status and more comorbidities (P<0.001).

Conclusions

The use of general practice was higher in the first year after mTBI, specifically in the first 3 months. Patients with mTBI had different healthcare-seeking behaviour several years before diagnosis than their matched reference persons. Pretraumatic morbidity should be considered in the evaluation of PCS.
A standardised frankincense extract reduces disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (the SABA phase IIa trial)
Authors: Stürner Klarissa Hanja , Stellmann Jan-Patrick , Dörr Jan , Paul Friedemann , Friede Tim , Schammler Sven , Reinhardt Stefanie , Gellissen Susanne , Weissflog Gainet , Faizy Tobias Djamsched , Werz Oliver , Fleischer Sabine , Vaas Lea A I , Herrmann Frank , Pless Ole , Martin Roland , Heesen Christoph
Published: December 2017

Objective

To investigate whether oral administration of a standardised frankincense extract (SFE) is safe and reduces disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Methods

We performed an investigator-initiated, bicentric phase IIa, open-label, baseline-to-treatment pilot study with an oral SFE in patients with RRMS (NCT01450124). After a 4-month baseline observation phase, patients were treated for 8 months with an option to extend treatment for up to 36 months. The primary outcome measures were the number and volume of contrast-enhancing lesions (CEL) measured in MRI during the 4-month treatment period compared with the 4-month baseline period. Eighty patients were screened at two centres, 38 patients were included in the trial, 28 completed the 8-month treatment period and 18 of these participated in the extension period.

Results

The SFE significantly reduced the median number of monthly CELs from 1.00 (IQR 0.75–3.38) to 0.50 (IQR 0.00–1.13; difference −0.625, 95% CI −1.25 to −0.50; P<0.0001) at months 5–8. We observed significantly less brain atrophy as assessed by parenchymal brain volume change (P=0.0081). Adverse events were generally mild (57.7%) or moderate (38.6%) and comprised mainly gastrointestinal symptoms and minor infections. Mechanistic studies showed a significant increase in regulatory CD4+ T cell markers and a significant decrease in interleukin-17A-producing CD8+ T cells indicating a distinct mechanism of action of the study drug.

Interpretation

The oral SFE was safe, tolerated well and exhibited beneficial effects on RRMS disease activity warranting further investigation in a controlled phase IIb or III trial.

Clinical trial registration

NCT01450124; Results.
Path-dependent Routines in the Evaluation of Novelty: The Effects of Innovators’ New Knowledge Use on Brokerage Firms’ Coverage
Authors: Theeke Matt , Polidoro Francisco , Fredrickson James W.
Published: December 2017

This paper examines how path dependencies in evaluation routines affect a brokerage firm’s decision to provide coverage to a company that builds on new knowledge. Companies depend on brokerage firms to gain access to external resources, as a brokerage firm’s coverage is a valuable form of recognition that may lower a company’s cost of capital and increase its value. Yet path dependencies in a brokerage firm’s evaluation routines may make it less likely to cover a company whose inventive activities build on different knowledge than it used in the past. Using data on 183 U.S. publicly traded medical device companies from 1993 to 2006, we examine how a company’s use of new knowledge affects a brokerage firm’s decision to cover the company. Our results suggest that a company may face a tension between exploration and resource dependence, as after it overcomes internal path dependencies that hinder exploration and successfully uses new knowledge, it may still fail to gain the attention of outside organizations on which it depends to access relevant resources due to externally borne path dependencies in the routines these outside organizations use to evaluate novelty. Also, in contrast with existing literature suggesting that brokerage firms have homogenous expectations for which strategies are appropriate for different types of companies, our results highlight that brokerage firms differ in how they respond to companies’ inventive activities based on factors such as their prior exposure to new knowledge, prior evaluation of the companies’ downstream product markets, and scope of technological expertise.
Association Between Plasma Trans-Fatty Acid Concentrations and Measures of Glucose Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults in NHANES 1999-2000
Authors: Mazidi Mohsen , Cicero Arrigo F. , Kengne Andre Pascal , Banach Maciej
Published: December 2017

There is limited evidence on the association between plasma trans-fatty acids (TFAs) and cardiometabolic risk factors. Therefore, we examined the association between plasma TFA concentrations and glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in adult Americans from the 1999 to 2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. Derivatized TFAs were separated by capillary gas chromatography. Of the 1678 participants, 46.5% were men. The mean age was 50.5 years overall, with no significant difference between men and women ( P = .101). In age-, sex- and race-adjusted analyses, mean waist circumference, fat-free mass, fat mass, C-peptide, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum triglycerides (TGs), and total cholesterol (TC) increased across increasing quarters of TFAs (for all P < .001), while mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased across increasing quarters of plasma TFAs ( P < .001). In multivariable adjusted linear regressions, there remained significant positive associations between all plasma TFAs and body mass index, waist circumference, fat-free mass, fat mass, C-peptide, insulin, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TGs, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TC ( P < .001). In conclusion, our findings support a possible association between plasma TFAs concentrations and measures of glucose homeostasis and several CV risk factors.
The Voice of Autoimmunity: Antisynthetase Syndrome Manifesting as Vocal Fold Bamboo Nodes
Authors: Kim Matthew , Sadoughi Babak
Published: December 2017

Objectives:

To describe a case of vocal fold bamboo nodes leading to the diagnosis of antisynthetase syndrome, a rare autoimmune disorder. To highlight the link between these laryngeal lesions and autoimmunity.

Methods:

A case of vocal fold bamboo nodes in a patient with long-standing interstitial lung disease is presented. The presence of these characteristic lesions prompted a rheumatologic workup that led to the diagnosis of a rare autoimmune disorder.

Results:

The patient was ultimately diagnosed with antisynthetase syndrome, a rare condition characterized by inflammatory myositis and interstitial lung disease. She was treated with steroids and immunosuppressive agents with improvement in her symptoms and clinical findings.

Conclusions:

Vocal fold bamboo nodes are pathognomonic signs of autoimmunity. Management consists primarily of medical treatment of the underlying systemic disorder. Intralesional steroid injection or phonomicrosurgical excision may be considered for refractory cases.
Effects of Exposure and Vowel Space Distribution on Phonetic Drift: Evidence from American English Learners of French
Authors: Lang Benjamin , Davidson Lisa
Published: December 2017

Recent work by Chang has shown that even at the very earliest stages of second language (L2) acquisition, the phonetic implementation of speakers’ native English phoneme categories is slightly modified by contact with L2 Korean, which is referred to as “phonetic drift.” This study investigates whether rapid phonetic drift generalizes to another pairing of languages. We examined naïve American English learners of French, who were recorded producing both American English and French vowels after one and six weeks of a study abroad program in Paris. In addition, the Study Abroad group is compared with proficient American English L1 speakers of French who have been residents of Paris for at least five years, to investigate the impact of long-term use of an L2 on the vowel categories of L1. Whereas the Study Abroad group showed no evidence of phonetic drift after six weeks, the Paris Residents’ American English vowel space shifted along F1 and several English vowels demonstrated clear movement toward French monolingual norms. A closer look at the high vowels provides insight into how phonetic categories are influenced both by drift and by a pressure to keep vowel categories distinct between the languages. The results are also discussed with respect to potential effects of the size of the vowel inventory and the amount of input required to cause phonetic drift.
The 1959 Alpine Rally
Authors: Gott J. A. H.
Published: December 2017

In his quarterly feature, the Motoring Correspondent of The Police Journal describes the 1959 Alpine Rally and road-tests a Renault Dauphine—the winning car
The Stephanie Baird Case
Authors: Haughton James
Published: December 2017

The killing of Miss Sydney Stephanie Baird at a Y.W.C.A. hostel in Birmingham last December was the subject of an inquiry which was followed with intense interest by the entire Police Service. We are proud to publish the following account of a modern classic of investigation, written by the officer in charge of the case.
Retirement and after
Authors: Elmes Frank
Published: December 2017

We are glad to welcome Mr. Elmes back to the pages of the Police Journal, to which he has long been a valued contributor.
Motoring
Authors: Gott John
Published: December 2017

In this issue our Motoring Correspondent comments on the 1962 Monte Carlo Rally and road-tests the Ford Consul Classic 315.
Road Traffic: Do Modern Conditions Require the Creation of a Separate Organization or Organizations for the Regulation of Road Traffic, Enforcement of Traffic and Promotion of Road Safety?
Authors: Gates Gordon
Published: December 2017

We congratulate Chief Inspector Gates on winning the First Prize and H. M. Gold Medal in the Essay Competition of 1961, and have pleasure in publishing his Essay below.
Pressure Distortions in Fingerprinting
Authors: Singh Parduman
Published: December 2017

Fingerprinting was well known in India before it came to this country in the last century. The following article will interest all to whom the taking of finger impressions is part of the day's work, though the clearing house experts exercise strict discipline in the U.K. in this respect.
An Administrative Course for Senior Police Officers
Authors: Cook Cyril M. M.
Published: December 2017

Mr. Cook, a former senior officer of the Bristol City Police, is well known in police training circles. He was one of the original Directing Staff of the Police College and ended his police career as Commandant of No. 7 District Police Training Centre at Chantmarle in Dorset.
Motoring
Authors: Gott John
Published: December 2017

Our Motoring Correspondent reviews two recently published books which are of exceptional interest to anyone interested in being a better-than-average driver.
Motoring
Authors: Gott John
Published: December 2017

Our Motoring Correspondent discusses Hitch-hikers, Some Recent Experiments on M.1 and Two Conceptions of an International Police Rally.
The Promotion Exams
Authors: Devlin J. Daniel
Published: December 2017

The eighteenth and, for the time being, the last of a series of articles of interest to examination candidates and all concerned with training.
Mobile Criminals and Organized Crime
Authors: King J.
Published: December 2017

We congratulate Mr. King on winning the Queen's Police Gold Medal for the following essay.
The Coloured Immigrant—And US
Authors: Rose A. G.
Published: December 2017

Mr. Rose's article is based on a lecture designed to explain this important subject to young police offiicers. It is hoped that other officers undertaking similar tasks may find it of use.
Installing Colour Photography
Authors: Ward L.
Published: December 2017

We published pioneer articles on the police use of colour photography by Det. Sgt. R. D. Ostler in our issues of May 1961 and July 1962. Sergeant Ward records further progress in this very promising field.
Four Decades
Authors: Hoover John Edgar
Published: December 2017

The most celebrated figure in the police world reviews the problem of crime in the United States in the light of his 40 years' battle with the forces of evil
Road Safety
Authors: Gott John
Published: December 2017

Our Motoring Correspondent considers the accident statistics, concludes that Britain is not the most accident prone country, and suggests some ways in which it could be made even less so.
The Promotion Exams
Authors: Devlin J. Daniel
Published: December 2017

This is the third of a series of articles of special interest to candidates for the Promotion Exams. The articles all deal with aspects of police administration and organization, which is one of the subjects in Part II of the syllabus, and of those sections of Part I of the syllabus which deal with police procedure. Mr. Devlin is Author of Police Procedure, Administration and Organization
“A Key Experience”
Authors: Cutter A. H.
Published: December 2017

Mr. Cutter's article was awarded the Third Prize in our “Key Experience” Competition
International Crime
Authors: Nepote Jean
Published: December 2017

We publish below the full text of the second Frank Newsam Memorial Lecture, delivered before a distinguished audience at the Police College, Bramshill, on December 1, 1966
The Promotion Exams
Authors: Devlin J. Daniel
Published: December 2017

Mr. Devlin is author of Police Procedure, Administration and Organization
We Shall Overcome
Authors: de B. Kennard J. P.
Published: December 2017

Chief Insp. Kennard who spent six months in the State of Oregon, U.S.A. on an exchange visit, surveys the American police scene.
Giro as a Crime Deterrent
Authors: Thomson F. P.
Published: December 2017

Mr. Thomson has pioneered the Giro System in this country and wrote the book Giro Credit Transfer Systems which influenced Parliamentary legislation.
British Police History
Authors: Muir A. A.
Published: December 2017

Mr. Muir reviews a book which will surely be our principal text on police history for many years to come.
Reflectionsion Unit Beat Policing
Authors: Gregory E.
Published: December 2017

In this article Mr. Gregory examines the implications of Unit Beat Policing in the light of experience and of experiments carried out by his Branch.
Educational Opportunities for the Scottish Police
Authors: McIntosh M. C.
Published: December 2017

Have our colleagues north of the Border stolen a march on the rest of us?
The British Police Experience
Authors: St. Johnston Eric
Published: December 2017

We have pleasure in publishing an address given by H.M. Chief Inspector in connexion with the University of Michigan's “Programme of Continuing Education in Urban Affairs”. Sir Eric's special relationship with the United States goes back to his service as a Colonel on the late General Eisenhower's staff in 1943–44, when his deputy was that famous American police thinker and police chief, Mr. Orlando Wilson.

In his introduction to the address, Mr. William C. Rogers, Director of the above Programme, remarked: “The European urban experience can offer us Americans new choices and options for handling our pressing domestic affairs. The Europeans have a lot to teach us. They had cities long before they had nations. They know most of the answers to how to lead the good life in an urban setting… Most of us place law, order and justice at the top of our list of urban priorities. We will concede that our police systems could do with improvement. What could be more natural than to get advice on our police problems from Great Britain, which pioneered urban police systems?”
Religion and Road Safety
Authors: Preston A. G.
Published: December 2017

Police and Public: the theme is always in our minds. Here is a new departure in the field: Police and Congregation.
Traffic Congestion: Some Economic Proposals
Authors: Bates R. S.
Published: December 2017

Inspector Bates attended the Special Course at the Police College, Bramshill, and was awarded a Bramshill Scholarship to the University of Manchester, where he took an Honours degree in Economics.
Maltreated Children: Early Warning System and Follow-up Scheme
Authors: De La Haye Davies H.
Published: December 2017

A report of a liaison scheme conducted by the Northampton and County Constabulary with the Consultant Paediatrician, Northampton General Hospital, and other parties involved in cases of maltreatment of children.
Police Dogs in Saarland
Authors: Gifford D.
Published: December 2017

Constable Gifford, a working dog-handler, recently paid a visit to Germany to study the police dogs at Saarbrucken. He reports his findings in the country which has played the largest part in the development of police dogs.
Public Order
Authors: Brown Jonathan F.
Published: December 2017

Mr. Brown is Staff Tutor in Politics, Department of Adult Education, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Prior to his present appointment he was a member of the academic staff of the Police College, Bramshill.
Computerized Systems and Police Efficiency
Authors: Hodges F. R.
Published: December 2017

The following article is based upon a study made while Mr. Hodges was an the Senior Command Course at the Police College, Bramshill. He wishes to express his appreciation of the ready help he received from the Director and Staff of the Home Office Police Research and Planning Branch; Mr. H. Green, formerly Acting Assistant Chief Constable, Dorset and Bournemouth Constabulary; the Chief Constable of Birmingham and Mr. R. Wanklyn; the Chief Constable of Lincolnshire and Superintendent H. Green; Mr. A. J. Barnes, Cranfield College of Technology.
Officer Selection in the British Army
Authors: Carter D. M.
Published: December 2017

With so many police officers braving selection procedures for the Special Course it is of interest to look at officer selection in the British Army. Whilst researching into the training of second lieutenants I was invited to stay for a few days at the Regular Commissions Board and this article is based upon that visit. The views and opinions are, of course, my own and do not necessarily reflect those of the Army. I am grateful to Major-General D. L. Lloyd-Owen, D.S.O., O.B.E., M.C., for the invitation and for permission to present this article.
The Humanism of Command
Authors: Stead Philip John
Published: December 2017

We reproduce below the text of the author's final lecture at the Police College, Bramshill, given to the Senior Command Course while he was Dean of Academic Studies at the College.
Whither the College?
Authors: Mark Robert
Published: December 2017

The valedictory address given by the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis at the Governors' Day at the Police College, Bramshill, was somewhat distorted by the selected extracts reported by the media. The following is the complete text.
The Identification and Preservation of a Blood Impression on Skin
Authors: Swann P. M.
Published: December 2017

The finding, identification and preservation of a palm mark in blood on human skin may or may not be unique. I am aware that a “latent” impression was developed on skin some years ago under laboratory conditions but the chance of this being accomplished under practical operational conditions, as far as 1 am aware, is not possible at the present time. Whilst I appreciate that a blood deposit mark requires no development to make it visible, as would be the case with a latent impression, I feel sure this account of the events leading up to the death of Herbert Holroyd and the identification of an accused person's palm impression on skin and its subsequent preservation will be of interest to both fingerprint and police officers.
Social Agencies and the Police in the London Borough of Southwark
Authors: Reid Betty
Published: December 2017

A paper given at a conference “The Police and Social Collaboration”, held at the Cranfield Institute of Technology
The Basis and the Quality of Relationships between the Police and the Public
Authors: Higgins A. O.
Published: December 2017

The International Police Association recently conducted an international competition for essays on the theme of “THE POLICE AND THE COMMUNITY”. The panel of judges consisted of Professor Michael Banton of the Department of Sociology at the University of Bristol; General Dr. Francesco Andreotti, the chief Officer of the Police of Rome, and Dr. Emanuel Yedidda of Israel. Mr. Higgins' essay was adjudged the winner of the competition and other prizes went to Jean-Pierre Rebeyrol of France and Fabrizio Lecher of Italy.
Community Policing in West Yorkshire
Authors: McKane Daniel J.
Published: December 2017

Commander McKane spent a year at the Cranfield Institute of Technology researching the West Riding Metropolitan Police's Community Constable scheme. His thesis is under consideration for the award of an M.Sc. The following is a summary of his findings, as submitted to the Mayor of Detroit, Mr. Coleman A. Young.
Police Training — Towards a New Model
Authors: Taylor M.
Published: December 2017

The relationship is discussed between training and educational priorities in the police recruit and probationer period. It concludes that one of the most pressing problems facing the police trainer is the integration of theory with practice in an appropriate training programme to equip the new police constable to effectively function within his community. A model to achieve this is proposed whereby the probationer receives a period of initial training, followed by a series of structured work experiences interpolated by classroom based activities.
Human Awareness Training for the Police
Authors: Cridland Wyn
Published: December 2017

A survey carried out from 1979–82 by the Policy Studies Institute at the request of Sir David McNee has just been published as a report. Some of the more disquieting aspects of their investigations, i.e. evidence of bullying, drunkenness and prejudice in the Metropolitan Police Force have been taken up by Sir Kenneth Newman in inverviews with press and television. He has been at pains to point out that the survey started in 1979 and that since he took office changes have been implemented in the Force which, in his view, have been designed to improve the quality of policing generally and the relations between police and the general public. This kind of on-the-job training was one of the recommendations of the report.
The Development of Professional Competence: The Case for an “Educational” Approach to Vocational Courses for the Police
Authors: Waddington P. A. J.
Published: December 2017

Professional competence exists at two levels: the level of individual competence, which is normally acquired through training in occupationally relevant knowledge and skills, and the level of collective competence, contained in the body of professionally-relevant knowledge capable of offering solutions to a wide range of human problems. The tendency of vocational courses to emulate the established professions by providing theoretical courses in related academic disciplines confuses these two levels and also the associated distinction between training and education. The relevance and value of academic vocational education lies in its role in stimulating the development of professionally-relevant theoretical knowledge by practitioners themselves. For the police, it offers the opportunity to make explicit assumptions and beliefs which comprise existing and tacit “police sociology”, and to subject them to critical scrutiny.