bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kız Öğrencilerde Konstipasyon Prevalansı ve Yaşam Tarzı Alışkanlıkları ile İlişkisi
Authors: Karatay Gülnaz , Gürarslan Baş Nazan
Published: June 2018

Amaç: Bir öğrenci yurdunda kalan kız öğrencilerde konstipasyon prevalansı ve yaşam tarzı
alışkanlıkları ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı çalışma üniversite öğrenimi gören 350 kız öğrenci ile
gerçekleştirildi. Çalışma verileri, Konstipasyon Prevalansı ve Etkileyen Faktörler başlıklı soru
formu ve Roma II tanılama kriterleri kullanılarak toplandı. Çalışmanın verileri 1-5 Nisan 2015
tarihleri arasında yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplandı ve yüzdelikler, ortalamalar
ve ki-kare önemlilik testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin sadece %18.9’unun düzenli egzersiz yaptığı, %17.4’ünün sigara
kullandığı, %59.6’sının düzenli meyve/sebze tüketemediği, %27.2’sinin haftada bir kereden
daha az kurubaklagil tükettiği ve %41.8’inin günde 5 bardaktan az su tükettiği görüldü.
Öğrencilerin %52.2’si iki-üç günde bir defakasyona çıktığını, %36.6’sı ise okulda olduğu
sürede gaitasını tuttuğunu ifade etti. Öğrencilerin öz değerlendirmelerine göre %49.0’ında
konstipasyon mevcutken, Roma II tanılama kriterlerine göre %37.4’ünde konstipasyon olduğu
görüldü.
Sonuç: Öğrencilerin 1/3’ünden fazlasınd
Hemşirelerin Fiziksel Değerlendirme Becerileri ve Uygulamaya İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: Çevik Banu , Uğurlu Ziyafet , Akyüz Elif , Kav Sultan , Ersayın Asuman
Published: June 2018

Amaç: Çalışma hemşirelerin hasta bakımında fiziksel değerlendirme becerileri ve
uygulamalarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı nitelikte tasarlanmış olup özel bir üniversite
hastanesinin erişkin servis ve yoğun bakım ünitelerinde çalışan 125 hemşire üzerinde
yürütülmüştür. Veriler fiziksel değerlendirme uygulamaları ile farkındalıklarını değerlendiren,
26 soruluk soru formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda hemşirelerin %97,6’sı fiziksel değerlendirme hakkında bilgilerinin
olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Hemşirelerin %79,5’i ‘Bireyin tüm sistemlerinin değerlendirilmesi’
olarak tanımlamışlardır. Hemşirelerin çok gerekli olduğu düşünülen fiziksel değerlendirme
becerileri, vital bulgu (%97,6), ödem (%96,8), deri turgoru takibi (%92,8), pupil cevabı (%92,8),
göz hareketleri (%90,4), ağız mukoza (%92,0) değerlendirmesidir.
Sonuç: Hemşirelerin çoğunluğunun fizik değerlendirme becerileri konusunda bilgilerinin
olduğu ancak mezuniyet sonrası bu bilgilerin temel fiziksel değerlendirme becerileri ile sınırlı
kaldığı saptanmıştır. Fiziksel değerlendirme becerilerinin klinik ortamda beceri tekniklerinin
kapsayacak şekilde lisans sonrasında hizmet içi eğitim ve klinik ortamda uygulamalı eğitim
programlarının düzenlenmelidir.
Sağlık Bilimlerinde Likert Tipi Tutum Ölçeği Geliştirme
Authors: Özdemir Zeliha
Published: June 2018

Sağlık alanında tutum belirlemeye yönelik yapılan araştırmalarda ölçüm aracı olarak genellikle
yurt dışında geliştirilen ve Türkçe uyarlaması yapılan ölçüm araçları kullanılmaktadır. Başka
bir kültürde geliştirilmiş olan ölçeğin Türkçe uyarlaması yapılmış olsa bile Türk kültürüne
uygun olmaması önemli bir dezavantaj oluşturmaktadır. Bu dezavantaj araştırmacıların sağlık
alanında ihtiyaç duydukları konularda ölçme araçları geliştirme gerekliliğini doğurmaktadır.
Yeni ve özgün bir ölçüm aracının geliştirilmesi karmaşık süreçleri içermesi nedeniyle zorlu
bir çalışma olarak görülmektedir. Ölçekleme yöntemleri arasında Likert Tipi Ölçekleme
Tekniğini kullanarak tutum ölçeği geliştirmek diğer yöntemlere göre daha kolay olması
nedeniyle tercih edilmektedir. Bu makalede sağlık bilimlerinde ölçekleme yöntemleri arasında
en yaygın olarak kullanılan Likert Tipi Tutum Ölçeği geliştirilmesi aşamaları ele alınacaktır.
Makalenin araştırmacıların geçerli ve güvenilir yeni ölçüm araçları geliştirmelerine katkı
sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Akran Zorbalığının Önlenmesinde Okul Sağlığı Hemşiresinin Rolü
Authors: Avşar Fatma , Ayaz Alkaya Sultan
Published: June 2018

Akran zorbalığı bir ya da daha fazla öğrencinin bir başka öğrenciye sürekli olarak olumsuz
eylemlerde bulunması şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Akran zorbalığı, fiziksel, psikolojik ve
sosyal birçok sağlık sorununun nedenidir. Okullarda akran zorbalarının tespit edilmesi ve
gerekli müdahalelerin uygulanması ekip çalışması gerektirmektedir. Bu ekibin önemli bir
üyesi olan okul sağlığı hemşiresi eğitici, danışman, savunucu, değişim ajanı olma gibi rollerini
aktif olarak kullanmaktadır. Okul sağlığı hemşiresi, okul ortamında sık karşılaşılan akran
zorbalığına sistematik yaklaşabilir. Bu derleme akran zorbalığının önlemesinde okul sağlığı
hemşiresinin görev ve sorumluluklarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır
A Comparative Study of Russian Political Warfare against the West and the Western (NATO & EU) Counteractions
Authors: Suzen Hasan ,   Beyond the Horizon ISSG
Published: June 2018

Since eruption of the Ukraine crisis, the world has witnessed a well-developed Russian political warfare strategy and the hybrid model, utilised by Kremlin, which have had destabilising consequences and as well as wide-ranging implications for international security, in particular for Europe. While the concept seems like a novelty, in fact, Putin has built up current Russian political warfare strategy against the West on a valuable historical background and experiences dates back to the Bolsheviks and the Soviet Union (Dickey, 2015). On the other hand, in the aftermath of the Cold War, the West mostly focus on public diplomacy and strategic communication to influence the foreign audience rather than political warfare (Boot and Doran, 2013). From my perspective, this shift creates a gap in all aspects of political warfare and makes the West vulnerable to political warfare waged by particularly one-man ruled states and non-state enemies. Therefore, it is high time to analyse the reasons behind the West, notably NATO’s and the EU’s, poor reaction against new forms of political warfare as well as to find ways to improve their response capacity and capabilities through a variety of mechanisms. In this paper, the first in a series of three articles, I will define political warfare and its new forms such as hybrid methods and blurring war, which is to be basis for the rest of the study. Then, I will develop a new conceptual framework which provides an interdisciplinary approach to understand the specifics of political warfare against the West, and to explore how and why the West has failed in countering and undermining political warfare employed by especially one-man ruled states. Finally, I will propose ways and means that I will go in detail in my further studies in order to explain how to counter political warfare in the future.
Revisiting the Kannan Type Contractions via Interpolation
Authors: KARAPİNAR Erdal
Published: June 2018

In the paper, we revisited the well-known fixed point theorem of Kannan under the aspect of interpolation. By using the interpolation notion, we propose a new Kannan type contraction  to maximize the rate of convergence.
Synthesis, Characterization and Alpha Glucosidase Inhibition activity of new Phthalimide Derivatives
Authors: ALi Hassan , H. Mohammed Mohammed , H. Ismeal Sajida
Published: June 2018

Three of imide intermediate products  were synthesized by reacting of phthalic anhydride with glycine (2a), and tetrachloro phthalic anhydride with glycine , (S)-2-[(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-aminopropionic acid ( 2b,c)  respectively   in  dry toluene  with azeotropic removal of water using Dean- stark apparatus then carboxyl functional group activated by refluxing with  thionyl chloride, the resulted acid chloride (3a-c) were reacted with different amine (5-flourouracil, 4-chloroaniline, 4-bromoaniline, 2-amino thiazole, and pyrrolidine) (4a-e) , the   resulted products consider as the end products (5a-j) while  the compounds (5k-o) required further reaction to deprotect aliphatic amine this achieved by treating the compounds with TFA to remove tert-Butoxycarbonyl group (6a-e).

The alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity of some synthesized compounds (5a, 5f, 6a) were tested by using  -glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, p-nitrophenol glucopyranoside (pNPG)  used as substrate and acarbose used as standard.

All these test compounds shows   excellent inhibitory activity according to IC50 values which is ranging from (4.61-7.32).
Preparation and characterization of timed drug delivery system of sumatriptan using natural polymers
Authors: Al-anbagi Mina Shihab , A. Rajab Nawal , I.Khalil Yehia
Published: June 2018

Pulsatile drug delivery systems are time-controlled dosage forms which are designed to release the active pharmaceutical ingredient after a predetermined lag time to synchronize the disease circadian rhythm. A migraine shows circadian rhythm with a marked increase in attacks between 6 a.m. and 8 a.m.

Sumatriptan is a selective agonist at serotonin (5-Hydroxy tryptamine1  (5-HT1))receptors, is an effective treatment for acute migraine attacks.

The aim of this work is to prepare time-controlled press-coated tablet with a lag time of 5.45 hrs.

Six formulas of fast dissolving core tablets and three formulas of press-coated tablets were prepared by using direct compression method using different variables to prepare core tablets which include: different types and concentrations of superdisintegrants While different concentrations of natural and synthetic polymers were utilized in the preparation of press-coated tablets.

The obtained results showed that formula  F4 of core tablet, which contained 25 mg of sumatriptan, 5% w/w sodium starch glycolate and avicel PH 102 as the diluent, was the selected formula that gave the fastest and complete release of sumatriptan. Also, formula C3 of the press-coated tablet, which contained pectin: EC100 mpa.s: HPMCK15M in concentration30mg: 10mg:160mg respectively, was selected as the best coating layer since it gave 5.45  hours lag time.
THE EFFECT OF FIRM’S CHARACTERISTIC AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TO SUSTAINABILITY REPORT DISCLOSURE
Authors: Lucia Lucia , Panggabean Rosinta Ria
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of company’s characteristic which are profitability (ROA), leverage (DER), liquidity (CR), company size (SIZE), and corporate governance proxied by board of directors and audit committee (KA) to disclosure of sustainability reports (SR). The study had 105 samples of manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange and 262 manufacturing companies listed on Malaysia Exchange in year 2013-2015. Data analysis using regression logistic method with E-views version 9. Hypothesis testing results show that the partial results of hypothesis testing variable DER, CR, and Directors do not have significant effect on internet financial reporting, but ROA and SIZE have significant influence on sustainability report disclosure (SR) of manufacturing companies listed in IDX and Bursa Malaysia.
A Cientificidade da Actuação Policial como Garante dos Direitos Humanos
Authors: Valente Manuel Monteiro Guedes
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo trata de um pensar sobre uma nova concepção de Polícia em um Estado de direito e democrático e em uma sociedade mutável. As exigências da vida pós-moderna obrigam a uma actuação da polícia centrada em uma lógica de cientificidade ampla de modo que a dignidade da pessoa humana seja a razão e o limite. A cientificada da actuação policial só se materializa se centrar os eixos nevrálgicos em uma doutrina, filosofia, ideologia e identidade dotada dos valores e princípios da ciência policial na defesa e na garantia dos direitos humanos.
Investigação Criminal: uma abordagem jurídico-científica
Authors: Pereira Eliomar da Silva
Published: June 2018

A partir de uma noção geral de investigação como solução de problemas, baseada na teoria da investigação de John Dewey, e da noção específica de pragmática da investigação científica, segundo estudos de Luiz Henrique A. Dutra, discutimos nesse trabalho os elementos fundamentaispara uma investigação criminal científica e juridicamente ponderada, considerando suas particularidades (a respeito da verdade e do método) e a natureza do seu objeto (o crime), sob as diversas perspectivas (fática, normativa e valorativa), após considerações sobre as diversas ciências que têm o crime como objeto de pesquisa sob diversos aspectos (criminologia, política criminal e direito penal), concluindo com uma definição que pretende ser um ponto de partida para o aprofundamento de futuros estudos sobre o tema. Esse trabalho, tal como aqui apresentado, consiste no capítulo-síntese de uma pesquisa maior, desenvolvida em programa da Coordenação de Altos Estudos de Segurança Pública, da Academia Nacional de Polícia (Federal), na qual se discutem, como disciplina de formação e especialização policial, os pressupostos fundamentais e elementos de uma Teoria da Investigação Criminal, sob uma perspectiva jurídico-científica.
Ciência Policial - Contributos Reflexivos e Epistémicos
Authors: Valente Manuel Monteiro Guedes
Published: June 2018

O artigo apresenta uma argumentação no sentido de que a ciência policial deva emergir de um pensar epistêmico ede modo a promover um conhecimento racional, mas não subordinado ao primado da legalidade absoluta. Salienta que a ciência policial é interdisciplinar e deve se centrar na atividade da polícia, melhorando os procedimentos desta atividade.
A Dicotomia Sistêmica da Liberdade Provisória Mediante Fiança no Brasil e o Papel da Autoridade Policial na Defesa do Direito Fundamental à Liberdade
Authors: Busato Sérgio Eduardo
Published: June 2018

O presente estudo é uma análise do tratamento dado pelo legislador e pela jurisprudência pátria ao instituto das medidas cautelares pessoais desde o descobrimento do Brasil até os dias atuais, expondo dicotomias surgidas na regulamentação da matéria causadas por opções legislativas influenciadas à época por ideologias políticas antagônicas daquelas que justificavam a regulamentação anterior, sendo que por vezes essas alterações não observaram as cautelas necessárias para se evoluir a legislação a partir de uma análise do sistema em que a matéria está inserida, o que ocasionou a criação de paradoxos normativos que necessitam de uma profunda reflexão interpretativae de posicionamentos ideológicos para sua superação. Diante da constatação da existência de normas antagônicas, uma vez que não guardariam entre si relação de gradualidade e adequação, questiona-se o papel da autoridade policial no enfrentamento do tema liberdade provisória, no escopo de se verificar a possibilidade ou não de se antecipar já na fase processual extra judicium a análise dos requisitos da prisão preventiva ao caso concreto, desencarcerando os flagrados nos casos de delitos aos quais a legislação expressamente vede a concessão da prisão preventiva, independentementede manifestação judicial, aplicando-se uma interpretação em conformidade com os princípios constitucionais da liberdade, igualdade e presunção de inocência.
Reflexiones
Authors: Padilla Miguel Antonio Gomes
Published: June 2018

Aunque encontramos algunos conceptos con los cuales no comulgamos (v. gr. “cultura policial”) las reflexiones están cimentadas en cuestiones de mucho valor científico, sociológico y pedagógico, acerca de muchas de las cuales hemos razonado solidariamente y han sido motivo de acuerdo como preámbulo de los planteamientos que desde vieja data he sostenido para desarrollar una filosofía policíaca y la real iniciación del conocimiento en policía, a partir de suciencia y la teoría jurídica a que ella ha dado lugar y tiene ya una fundamentación como es la que la que nos dejaron los destacados policiolgos colombianos Miguel Lleras Pizarro y Roberto Pineda Castillo, de cuyos escritos y tesis seguiremos bebiendo como hontanar de prístina doctrina y cenital contenido. Ahora para no dejar inadvertido su abandono, en estas consideraciones, de su estilo epistolar, sin embargo, mantiene la tendencia al sarcasmo que da cierto color propio a su retórica. Permita Dios que sus lectores atiendan sus aciertos y, en consenso, busquemos a todo trance laverdadera profesionalización policiaca, como lo esperamos, no solo los colombianos, sino el mundo. Gracias por esta otra oportunidad de referirme a sus escritos, y :”Deo omnis gloria”.
A Atividade de Inteligência de Segurança Pública
Authors: Barbosa Adriano Mendes
Published: June 2018

O crime é um fenômeno social que acompanha a humanidade desde sempre. Todavia, a manifestação das ações criminosas acontecem de maneiras diversas a depender de fatores históricos, culturais, geográficos, econômicos, sociais e políticos. Neste contexto, há atividades criminosas que se apresentam de forma menos complexa como o crime predatório, desorganizado, inserido no contexto da violência urbana, com agentes atuando de forma improvisada e desestruturada, como no caso dos furtos, roubos e estupros praticados alhures. E também neste mesmo contexto há atividades delituosas que se manifestam de forma organizada, com atores delinquentes que se organizam e estruturam aparatos criminosos de modo profissional, buscando lucro e sujeição do poder constituído aos seus desideratos criminosos, no caso do tráfico de drogas, tráfico de armas, roubo a banco e sequestros. Com feito, o Estado necessita de uma estrutura de prevenção e repressão criminal que seja hábil a enfrentar todas essas formas de manifestação criminosa. Para cada problema há de haver uma resposta adequada e apropriada para a sua solvência. Neste sentido, no cenário da criminalidade organizada ascende a Atividade de Inteligência, conduzida pela instituição policial, como uma ferramenta que proporcione melhores condições para que haja mais eficiência e eficácia na prevenção e repressão da macrocriminalidade. A Inteligência de Segurança Pública constitui-se exatamente neste instrumento estatal que empresta suporte e otimiza o enfrentamento do crime, notadamente o de estatura organizada.
Resilience As A Mediator Between Affect, Coping Styles, Support and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Kelle Özlem , Uysal Irak Doruk
Published: June 2018

As humans, we are always targets of many positive and negative life events in which we would show
differences in dealing with those events. In this study, the aim was to investigate how individuals react
to stressful situations through the concept of resilience. Therefore, it was aimed to test the role of
individual characteristics of affect and coping styles in addition to receiving support from family and
social environment on resilience. The role of resilience in life satisfaction was also investigated. A
survey was used including demographic questions, ego resilience scale, positive and negative affect
scale, stress coping styles inventory, and satisfaction with life scale. Target of the study was individuals
who were over 18 years of age and 403 participants were reached through snowball sampling. Seventysix
percent of the participants were female (n=310) and 24% of them were male (n=93). Hypothesized
model was tested by using path analysis. Study results showed that positive affect, optimistic coping
style and confident coping style were significant predictors of resilience as individual characteristics in
addition to receiving social support. Resilience was found as a significant predictor of life satisfaction.
Moreover, resilience was also found as a significant mediator of the relationships between positive
affect, optimistic coping, confident coping styles, receiving social support and life satisfaction.
Importance of the study in the field of psychology and suggestions for future research were also
discussed with relevant literature
Quelle surveillance des infections associées aux soins en réanimation en 2018 ?
Authors: Bourigault C. , Birgand G. , Lakhal K. , Bretonnière C.
Published: June 2018

La surveillance des infections associées aux soins (IAS) est prioritaire en réanimation, secteur à haut risque du fait de l’état critique des patients et de leur exposition aux dispositifs invasifs. Elle présente un triple objectif : décrire l’épidémiologie et l’incidence des IAS ; évaluer l’impact des actions de prévention ou de contrôle et alerter face à une épidémie ou des phénomènes émergents. Cette surveillance des IAS peut être réalisée selon une méthodologie interne, définie par l’établissement, ou intégrée à un réseau de surveillance. L’intérêt de la surveillance pour la prévention des IAS en réanimation n’est plus à démontrer, mais la surveillance manuelle reste chronophage pour les cliniciens et les équipes d’hygiène, limitant ainsi le temps dédié à la prévention de ces infections. La surveillance automatisée apparaît aujourd’hui comme un outil intéressant, tant par ses performances que par le gain de temps qu’elle représente pour les équipes. Plusieurs éléments sont primordiaux pour obtenir des résultats fiables : la nécessité d’une harmonisation des définitions et des méthodes de surveillance ; la mise à disposition d’outils informatiques performants pour faciliter le suivi des patients ; le leadership des réanimateurs dans la surveillance. Cet article fait le point sur les méthodes de surveillance des IAS utilisées aujourd’hui en réanimation, l’intérêt de la mise en place de cette surveillance épidémiologique ainsi que la fiabilité des données recueillies et, enfin, les avantages du développement d’une surveillance semi-automatisée ou automatisée des IAS dans ce secteur.
Faire face à la menace infectieuse en réanimation : de la veille épidémiologique à l’innovation. Actes du séminaire de recherche translationnelle de la Société de réanimation de langue française (5 décembre 2017)
Authors: Pène F. , Azabou E. , Jung B. , Gibot S. , Guillon A. , Monneret G. , Silva S. , Taccone F.S. , Textoris J. , Uhel F. , Zafrani L. , de Prost N. ,   pour la Commission de recherche translationnelle de la Société de réanimation de langue française
Published: June 2018

Le séminaire annuel de la Commission de recherche translationnelle de la SRLF a pour but de réunir des cliniciens et scientifiques autour de grandes thématiques de recherche en médecine intensive et réanimation. La quatrième édition du séminaire a porté sur l’infectiologie, thématique au centre des préoccupations des réanimateurs. Les interventions se sont ainsi focalisées sur des aspects aussi divers que les relations hôtes–pathogènes, la contribution de pathogènes dans des pathologies habituellement considérées comme non infectieuses, l’émergence de nouveaux risques infectieux, les avancées technologiques du diagnostic moléculaire des infections et le développement de stratégies antibactériennes alternatives à l’antibiothérapie classique.
Prise en charge de l'embolie pulmonaire grave en réanimation
Authors: Philippot Q. , Roche A. , Goyard C. , Pastré J. , Planquette B. , Meyer G. , Sanchez O.
Published: June 2018

L'embolie pulmonaire (EP) grave, définie par la présence d’un état de choc, est à l'origine d'une mortalité importante. L'objectif de cette mise au point est de synthétiser les dernières avancées et recommandations concernant la prise en charge des formes graves d'EP. La stratification du risque individuel de mortalité précoce permet d'apporter une stratégie diagnostique et thérapeutique optimisée pour chaque patient. Le traitement symptomatique consiste essentiellement en la prise en charge de l'état de choc. L'anticoagulation curative par héparine non fractionnée est réservée aux patients hémodynamiquement instables. Chez ces patients à haut risque, la thrombolyse systémique diminue la mortalité et le risque de récidive d'EP. Chez les patients à risque intermédiaire élevé, la thrombolyse systémique à dose standard diminue le risque de choc secondaire mais sans impact sur la mortalité globale. La thrombolyse est donc réservée aux patients à risque intermédiaire élevé présentant secondairement un état de choc. L'embolectomie chirurgicale reste indiquée en cas de contre-indication absolue à la thrombolyse ou en cas d'échec de celle-ci. Le positionnement dans l'algorithme thérapeutique de l'assistance extracorporelle et des techniques percutanées de revascularisation reste à définir. Leurs indications doivent donc être discutées dans des centres experts après une concertation multidisciplinaire incluant pneumologues, cardiologues, réanimateurs, radiologues interventionnels et chirurgiens cardiaques.
Syndrome d’embolie graisseuse cérébrale post-traumatique
Authors: Bard M. , Soize S. , Thiriaux A. , Legros V.
Published: June 2018

Le syndrome d’embolie graisseuse post-traumatique symptomatique est une complication rare et grave de fracture des os longs ou de polytraumatisme. L’expression typique de ce syndrome est respiratoire, neurologique et cutanée, associée à un certain nombre d’anomalies biologiques, consécutives à la dissémination de particules graisseuses dans la circulation, l’évolution est la plupart du temps favorable sans séquelle.
Evaluation of dose calculations with inhomogeneity correction in intensity-modulated radiation therapy for esophagus cancer
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Xu Benhua , Lei Yu , Zhang Jianping , Lin Zhixing , Li Sicong
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:

Differences often exist in the dose calculation accuracy caused by using different dose calculation algorithms in non-uniform tissues.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the accuracy of dose calculation with inhomogeneity correction in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) by comparing dose calculated in Monaco with measurements in lung-chest phantom for esophagus cancer treatments.

METHODS:

Finite size pencil beam (FSPB) and X-ray voxel Monte Carlo (XVMC) were used respectively for IMRT dose recalculations. Ten IMRT plans were recalculated and measured in the chest-lung phantom. The dose measurements using the Gafchromic ® (EBT3) dosimetry films were validated with open fields in the interfaces of materials with various physical densities. The accuracy of dose calculations was then evaluated by both point dose comparison and Gamma analysis against the film measurements.

RESULTS:

For regular open fields, the discrepancies of the point doses were less than 3.0% and 2.0% between measurement and calculations by FSPB and XVMC, respectively. For 6 MV IMRT plans, the average passing rates based on 3% /3 mm Gamma criteria were 82.8±1.0% and 96.4±0.7% for FSPB and XVMC, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

The XVMC algorithms more accurate in IMRT dose calculations with inhomogeneity correction for esophagus cancer.
HETEROSIS OF SOME TROPICAL MAIZE GENOTYPES DERIVED FROM TWO DIFFERENT MAIZE BREEDING ERAS
Authors: Sunday Ige AYODELE
Published: June 2018

Heterosis for maize grain yield was studied to identify cross combinations that may be useful sources for inbred line extraction, recurrent selection and, to estimate changes in the maize grain yield heterosis across two breeding eras in the tropics. Field studies were conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan during the cropping seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012, with 10 open pollinated maize varieties (OPVs)  derived two breeding eras (1 and 2). The ten OPVs and the crosses generated from them were evaluated under stem borer infested and non-infested, high-N versus low-N and natural conditions. Mid and High-heterosis (MPH & HPH) were estimated from grain yield data from the tested environments. MPH & HPH under natural, optimum N-Fertilizer application, and borer infested environments were 37.20 and 25.38%, 19.85 and 12.3%, 30.98 and 18.94% respectively. Cross combination DMR-LSR-W (Era 1) x TZSR-Y-I (Era 1) expressed the highest magnitude of (MPH & HPH) (97.70 and 87.15%) for grain yield across the tested environments except low-N. It suggest the suitability of the hybrid for cultivation only in environments with high productivity index. Hybrid ACR99TZLCOMP4-DMRSR (Era 1) x BR9928DMRSR (Era 2) had highest HPH under low-N environments. Suggesting this combination as a good source of genes for the development of low nitrogen tolerance maize varieties in the tropics. Cross combinations that expressed better (HPH) under borer infestation are good gene pools for the development of stem borer tolerance maize varieties in stem borer endemic zone. These crosses hold promise as future candidates for commercial exploitation of heterosis or for the extraction of inbred lines in the tropics. Better (HPH) were derived from the crosses between Era 1 and & 2, indicates the older and newer maize varieties complement each other for (HPH) across environments.
GENETIC DIVERSITY INAUS RICE LANDRACES OF BANGLADESH USING SSR MARKERS
Authors: Khalequzzaman M. , Islam M. Z. , Siddique M. A. , Prince M. F. R. K. , Rashid E. S. M. H. , Ahamed M. S.
Published: June 2018

Assessment of genetic diversity is essential for germplasm characterization, utilization and conservation. Genetic diversity of 31 Aus rice landraces of Bangladesh was assessed using 36 SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers. A total of 141 alleles were detectedand the number of alleles per locus ranged from two (RM1216, RM145, RM282, RM293, RM567and RM496) to 10 alleles (RM304), with an average of 3.92. The gene diversity varied from 0.06 (RM145) to 0.80 (RM304) with an average of 0.54 and the PIC values ranged from 0.06 (RM145) to 0.78 (RM304), with an average of 0.48.PIC value revealed that RM304 was the best marker for characterizing the studied Aus rice genotypes. The dendrogram from unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average clustering of markers classified the genotypes into five major groups with a coefficient of 0.49. Two and three-dimensional graphical views of Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) revealed that the genotypes Hashikalmi, Chaina, Puitraaijang, Saithsail, Kuchmuch, Kalodhan, Ausdhan and Itcriewere found far away from the centroid of the cluster and can be selected as parents for further breeding programs.The results provided some useful implications for establishment of sovereignty of Bangladeshi rice gene pool. This information will provide maximum selection of diverse parents, background selection during backcross breeding programs and assist in broadening germplasm-based rice breeding programs in future.
GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION EFFECTS ON THE FIELD PERFORMANCE OF STEM AMARANTH (Amaranthus tricolor L.)
Authors: Dewan M. N. N. , Haque M. E. , Hasan M. M. , Hossain M. S. , Tareq M. Z.
Published: June 2018

A research was carried out to find genotype x environment interaction effects on the field performance of 20 germplasm of Stem amaranth at Genetics Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November, 2013 to May 2014. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data were recorded on  plant height (cm), no. of leaves per plant, individual leaf weight (gm), individual stem weight (gm), marketable stem weight (gm), yield (Kg/ha) at three environments. G-18 was the tallest with non significant S2di value (10.5) and G-9 was the shortest (2.22). G-20 produced most number of leaves with non significant S2di value (2.59) and G-01 was the least (11.56**). G-01 was the highest individual leaf weight with significant S2di value (46.08**) and G-15 was the least (2.84). G-01 was the highest individual stem weight with non significant S2di value (15.13) and G-09 was the least (48.09). The genotype G-01 produced the highest marketable stem weight with non significant S2di value (451.59) and G-09 was the least (39.77). G-01 was the highest yield producing with non significant S2di value (7821.539) and G-09 was the least (688.8164). Based on stable responses considering the higher yield character G-08 and G-18, for higher individual leaf weight G-07 and G-11, for higher individual stem weight G-18, for lesser dry weight of stem G-14 and G-18 genotypes could be selected for effective use in breeding program.
IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE VARIETIES FOR SEED PRODUCTION OF JUTE IN NON-TRADITIONAL AREAS OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Al-Mamun M. , Saha C. K. , Mostofa M. G. , Miah A. , Hossain M. Z.
Published: June 2018

The experiment was conducted at Hill Agricultural Research Station, Khagrachari (representing hilly areas), Agricultural Research Station, Satkhira and Jute Research Station, Patuakhali (representing saline areas) with seven varieties of jute and one variety of kenaf to find out the seed production potentiality in non-traditional areas. All varieties were sown in late July to mid August in 2009 to 2011. At hilly station white jute varieties (BJRI Deshi Pat-6, CVL-1 and BJRI Deshi Pat-5) performed better for seed production than tossa jute and kenaf varieties. At saline station (both Satkhira and Patuakhali) kenaf variety HC-95 performed better for seed yield than white and tossa jute varieties (O-9897, OM-1, BJRI Tossa Pat-4 and BJRI Tossa Pat-5). The kenaf variety (HC-95) produced the highest yield (0.86 ton/ha) in saline areas. Among the white jute varieties, BJRI Deshi Pat-5 gave the highest yield (0.66 ton/ha) and in case of tossa jute varieties, BJRI Tossa Pat-5 gave the highest seed yield (0.70 ton/ha). Therefore, BJRI Deshi Pat-5 of white jute, BJRI Tossa Pat-5 and HC-95 of kenaf are considered as the best varieties for seed production in hilly and saline areas of Bangladesh, respectively.
BULB AND SEED YIELD POTENTIALS OF SUMMER ONION VARIETY DEVELOPED THROUGH INDUCED MUTATION
Authors: Azad M. A. K. , Ali M. , Yasmine F. , Kamruzzaman M.
Published: June 2018

With a view to improve bulb and seed yield potentials of summer onion, seeds of BARI Piaz-2 were irradiated with 75 Gy, 100 Gy and 125 Gy doses of gamma rays from a 60Co source in 2006.Fifty four days old seedlings were transplanted on 20 January 2007.Thirteen, 12 and 9 M1 plants, respectively, from 75 Gy, 100 Gy and 125 Gy dosesproduced fertile seeds which were kept separately dose wise. In M2 generation, seedlings of 13 progenies from 75 Gy, 10 from 100 Gy and 7 from 125 Gy were transplanted on 15 December 2008 in plant- progeny- rows and 11, 7 and 6, respectively, were selected based on higher percentage of seed producing plants compare to parent BARI Piaz-2.In M3and M4 generations, 13 progenies, 6 each from 75 Gy and 100 Gy and the other from 125 Gy were further selected based on higher seed yield than the parent. Additionally, in M3 generation, observation trial with the above 13 mutant lines for bulb yield potential in Kharif-I seasonin 2011 revealed the mutant lines BP2/75/5 and BP2/100/2 had significantly higher fresh and dry bulb yield than BARI Piaz-2 and that of BP2/75/2 had not differed significantly. Shelf life expressed here as rate of weight loss on storage for 2.0 months under ambient condition exhibited all the 13 mutants had longer shelf life than the parent and the check variety. The mutant BP2/100/2 had the longest shelf life followed by BP2/125/1 and BP2/100/12 and BP2/75/13. Preliminary yield trial for seed yield potential in M4 generation in winter season of 2011-2012 showed all the 13 mutant lines could produce seed from seed in the same season but the parent BARI Piaz-2 failed. In advance yield trial for bulb yield potential in Kharif-II season of 2012, the mutants BP2/75/2, BP2/75/5 and BP2/100/2 produced significantly higher bulb yields atIshurdi and Magura than the check variety BARI Piaz-3.Unlike Kharif-I season the shelf life of the bulbs of mutants and the check variety did not differ significantly in Kharif-II although yield was almost double. Advance yield trial for seed yield potentialsin 2012-13 of five selected mutants showed all the mutant lines produced sufficient seeds from seed in the same season like preliminary yield trial. Seed production of the mutants ranged from 798-1193 kg/ha with the highest being in BP2/75/3 followed by BP2/75/2 while the parent BARI Piaz-2 produced the lowest seed yield of all.
A Randomized Algorithm for Optimal PID Controllers
Authors: Peretz Yossi
Published: June 2018

A randomized algorithm is suggested for the syntheses of optimal PID controllers for MIMO coupled systems, where the optimality is with respect to the H ∞ -norm, the H 2 -norm and the LQR functional, with possible system-performance specifications defined by regional pole-placement. Other notions of optimality (e.g., mixed H 2 / H ∞ design, controller norm or controller sparsity) can be handled similarly with the suggested algorithm. The suggested method is direct and thus can be applied to continuous-time systems as well as to discrete-time systems with the obvious minor changes. The presented algorithm is a randomized algorithm, which has a proof of convergence (in probability) to a global optimum.
Floor Feeding Sows Their Daily Allocation over Multiple Drops per Day Does Not Result in More Equitable Feeding Opportunities in Later Drops
Authors: Verdon Megan , Zegarra Natalia , Achayra Rutu , Hemsworth Paul
Published: June 2018

This research studied whether floor feeding group-housed sows their daily allocation over multiple feed drops per day provides more equitable feeding opportunities in later drops. Over four time replicates, 275 sows were mixed into groups of 10 for both their first and second gestations (200 sows/gestation, 126 sows observed in both gestations). The feeding behavior of individual sows was recorded for 10 min following each of four feed drops per day (0730, 0900, 1100, 1500 h) on days 2, 9 and 51 post-mixing. The location of feeding sows (i.e., feeding in areas associated with high, reduced or little/no food availability) was also recorded. Sow aggressive behavior on day 2 was used to classify sows as dominant (D), subdominant (SD), or submissive (SM). Dominant sows spent the most time feeding in areas of high-food availability (gestation 1, p < 0.001; gestation 2, p = 0.023); SD sows fed more frequently than D sows from areas of reduced food availability (gestation 1, p = 0.001; gestation 2, p = 0.025); and SM sows performed more feeding behavior in areas of little/no food availability (gestation 1, p < 0.001; gestation 2, p < 0.001). These relationships did not change over feed drops or days in either gestation (p > 0.05). Further research on the management and design of floor feeding systems is required, with a particular emphasis on increasing accessibility to sows that avoid the feeding area.
Evaluation of the Use of Phosphatidic Acid in the Diet on Growth Performance and Breast Meat Yield in Broilers
Authors: Sobotik Eric , Lee Jason , Hagerman Scott , Archer Gregory
Published: June 2018

The use of feed additives to improve feed conversion while increasing growth is the goal of any broiler nutrition program. Therefore, it is important to evaluate potential feed additives not only for increased performance, but also for any negative attributes. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding phosphatidic acid (PA) to broiler chickens. Two experiments were conducted using exercise in conjunction with PA (Experiment 1(E1)) and administering PA at different inclusion rates in the diet (Experiment 2 (E2)); LowPA (5 mg/bird/day), MidPA (10 mg/bird/day), HighPA (15 mg/bird/day), and control (CON). All birds were weighed bi-weekly during the experiments to obtain average pen weights and feed conversion ratios (FCRs). At the end of the experiments, eight birds per pen were processed to evaluate carcass traits and breast yield. In E1, exercise did not affect growth, feed conversion or processing traits (p > 0.05). However, PA supplementation did increase growth, carcass and breast weight, and carcass and breast yields (p < 0.05). In E2, differences (p < 0.05) in live bird weights between the control birds (1.65 kg) and all PA treatments (pooled mean: 1.73 kg) began at 28 days; however, only the LowPA carried that effect (p = 0.05) through to the conclusion of the trial (3.55 vs. 3.81 kg). Overall, LowPA (1.64) and MidPA (1.69) had lower (p < 0.05) FCRs than the CON treatment (1.74). Increased growth observed in live bird weights in the LowPA translated to increased (p < 0.05) overall carcass weights (2.78 vs. 2.99 kg) and specifically breast filet weights (0.69 vs. 0.76 kg). Yields did not differ (p > 0.05), but with the increased weight feeding LowPA resulted in more total breast meat. Phosphatidic acid did not affect (p > 0.05) woody breast or white striping. In conclusion, dietary PA improved FCR, increased live bird weights, and increased breast fillet weight without increased incidence of white striping. These results indicate that feeding PA may increase production efficiency in broilers.
Development of a Novel Scaffold of Chitosan, Type IV Collagen and Integrin α3β1 As Alternative Scaffold for Primary Culture of Podocytes
Authors: Zárate-Triviño Diana Ginette , Hernández-Martínez Sara Paola , Bollain-y-Goytia-de-la-Rosa Juan José , Franco-Molina Moisés Armides , Elizalde-Peña Eduardo Arturo , Hernández-Villegas Margarita Idalia , Rangel-Ochoa Gloria Azucena , Rodríguez-Padilla Cristina
Published: June 2018

Loss of podocytes has been a main pathology present in renal diseases; the leak of these specialized cells increases the permeability of the glomerular basal membrane (GMB) and protein release affecting the glomeruli, the main structure of the kidney. The study of different physiopathology mechanism has been a challenge because of the short lifetime of podocytes in vitro. We obtained and characterized composites based on Chitosan (CTS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), type IV collagen and integrin α3β1 as a possible application in primary culture of podocytes. Podocytes were extracted from the urine of patients with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome (INS). To evaluate biocompatibility, we assessed cell viability through the lactate dehydrogenase assay. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of specific proteins from podocytes such as podocin, and podocalyxin and CD80, a marker of cellular stress. The results showed that our synthesis method promotes the copolymerization of the components in the scaffold. Due to its reactivity, the amine group of chitosan made links with type IV collagen and integrin α3β1. The swelling and degradation tests allowed us to select the material with the best mechanical properties for cellular culture. The expression of podocin and podocalyxin remains the same in the culture of podocytes on the scaffold; in contrast, CD80 expression increased. The viability of podocytes cultured on the CTS/PVA/type IV collagen/integrin α3β1 scaffold increased in comparison to the culture control.
Ambient Pressure Laser Desorption—Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Fast and Reliable Detection of Explosives, Drugs, and Their Precursors
Authors: Reiss René , Ehlert Sven , Heide Jan , Pütz Michael , Forster Thomas , Zimmermann Ralf
Published: June 2018

Fast and reliable information is crucial for first responders to draw correct conclusions at crime scenes. An ambient pressure laser desorption (APLD) mass spectrometer is introduced for this scenario, which enables detecting substances on surfaces without sample pretreatment. It is especially useful for substances with low vapor pressure and thermolabile ones. The APLD allows for the separation of desorption and ionization into two steps and, therefore, both can be optimized separately. Within this work, an improved version of the developed system is shown that achieves limits of detection (LOD) down to 500 pg while remaining fast and flexible. Furthermore, realistic scenarios are applied to prove the usability of this system in real-world issues. For this purpose, post-blast residues of a bomb from the Second World War were analyzed, and the presence of PETN was proven without sample pretreatment. In addition, the analyzable substance range could be expanded by various drugs and drug precursors. Thus, the presented instrumentation can be utilized for an increased number of forensically important compound classes without changing the setup. Drug precursors revealed a LOD ranging from 6 to 100 ng. Drugs such as cocaine hydrochloride, heroin, (3,4-methylendioxy-methamphetamine) hydrochloride (MDMA) hydrochloride, and others exhibit a LOD between 10 to 200 ng.
Development and Quality Evaluation of Ready to Serve (RTS) Beverage from Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.)
Authors: Hemalatha R. , Kumar Amarjeet , Prakash Om , Supriya A. , Chauhan A. S. , Kudachikar V. B.
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to develop a process for the development of ready to serve (RTS) beverages from enzyme liquefied (pectinase) Cape gooseberry juice with additives and preservatives. Storage stability of the RTS beverage at both refrigerated temperature (LT: 4 ± 1 °C) and room temperature (RT: 27 ± 2 °C) were evaluated for 90 days for microbial, sensorial and physicochemical quality parameters. The stability of RTS beverage stored at LT (4 ± 1 °C) was excellent with a retention of the primary quality attributes ascorbic acid (15.44 mg/100 mL), total phenolic content (15.50 mg GAE/100 mL), total carotene (1.07 mg/100 mL), β-carotene (0.78 mg/100 mL), high viscosity (30.29 cp), and with high sensory scores of the product (8.3) up to 90 days as compared to the overall acceptability (6.5) of RT stored RTS for 60 days. Additionally, both the LT and RT stored RTS beverages had microbial counts within the permissible limits. Therefore, both beverages were safe to consume at the end of storage duration. In conclusion, the RTS beverage developed from Cape gooseberry could be served as functional health drink alternative to synthetic soft drinks due to its unique features (high nutritive values, high organoleptic values and high stability) of the product.
A Wide Adsorption Range Hybrid Material Based on Chitosan, Activated Carbon and Montmorillonite for Water Treatment
Authors: Bouyahmed Farida , Cai Min , Reinert Laurence , Duclaux Laurent , Dey Ratan , Youcef Hicham , Lahcini Mohammed , Muller Fabrice , Delpeux-Ouldriane Sandrine
Published: June 2018

Numerous adsorbent materials are developed and are able to face specific types of pollution, but none of them can manage the whole pollution. The purpose of this work is to develop a novel hybrid adsorbent, based on chitosan (CS) biopolymer, clay minerals and activated carbon (AC), having complementary adsorption properties and achieving a wide-spectrum water decontamination in a single treatment. Hybrid CS beads, containing dispersed clay and AC, were prepared from dispersions of solid adsorbents in a CS solution and its further coagulation in a basic medium. The porosity and the homogeneity of the hybrid beads were characterized by N2 adsorption at 77 K and Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy respectively. The interaction between CS and clay was characterized using X-ray diffraction. Water content and the amount of each adsorbent in the hydrogel beads were determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Such a composite material was still porous and presented a wide adsorption spectrum. As shown by their adsorption kinetics, hydrophobic anionic clofibric acid (CBA) and cationic metoprolol (MTP) were well adsorbed on AC containing beads (21 and 26 mg/g), respectively. Clays containing beads showed interesting adsorption properties towards cationic Zn2+ and MTP. The obtained composite beads were able to adsorb all the pollutant types: Zinc cations, and hydrophobic-charged organic molecules, such as pharmaceutical derivatives (clofibric acid and MTP).