bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ten Steps to Design a Counseling App to Reduce the Psychosocial Impact of Human Papillomavirus Testing on the Basis of a User-Centered Design Approach in a Low- and Middle-Income Setting
Authors: Sánchez Antelo Victoria , Szwarc Lucila , Le Pera Anabella , Fredjkes Paula , Saimovici Diana , Massaccesi Silvia , Paolino Melisa , Viswanath Kasisomayajula , Arrossi Silvina
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE

This study describes the 10 steps followed to produce the information architecture of a user-centered design (UCD) counseling mobile application, the first phase to develop an app. The app aims to reduce the psychosocial impact of the human papillomavirus test result and improve women's knowledge of human papilloma virus and cervical cancer.

METHODS

We used a UCD approach to produce the information architecture of the app (ie, how to organize contents into features). We analyzed field notes, meeting agendas, and documentation produced during each stage of the design process. We described the goals, methods, and outcomes of each step. We also discussed the critical challenges and the strategies to address them.

RESULTS

The steps are (1) knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs mapping: reanalysis of team's research findings from prior studies; (2) environmental scanning of apps available on the market; (3) stakeholders' point of view: The International Advisory Committee; (4) potential user's profile: building archetypes through the Persona method; (5) women's interviews: user's preferences and experiences; (6) effective features: scoping review to select app's features that address psychosocial impact; (7) the user journey: ideal interaction with the gynecological service and the counseling app; (8) women's focus groups: using Personas and Scenarios to discuss app's mock-up; (9) women's design sessions: prototype test and card-sorting techniques; and (10) team's design session: translating results into visual objects and features.

CONCLUSION

We provide here detailed descriptions of the UCD process of an app for human papillomavirus–tested women for those venturing into the area of mHealth strategies work. Our experience can be used as a guide for future mHealth app development for a low- and middle-income setting.
Identification of Patients With Ovarian Cancer Experiencing the Highest Benefit From Bevacizumab in the First-Line Setting on the Basis of Their Tumor-Intrinsic Chemosensitivity (KELIM): The GOG-0218 Validation Study
Authors: You Benoit , Purdy Christopher , Copeland Larry J. , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Bookman Michael A. , Fleming Gini , Coleman Robert , Randall Leslie M. , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Monk Bradley J. , Mannel Robert S. , Walker Joan L. , Cappuccini Fabio , Cohn David , Muzaffar Mahvish , Mutch David , Wahner-Hendrickson Andrea , Martin Lainie , Colomban Olivier , Burger Robert A.
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE

In patients with high-grade ovarian cancer, predictors of bevacizumab efficacy in first-line setting are needed. In the ICON-7 trial, a poor tumor intrinsic chemosensitivity (defined by unfavorable modeled cancer antigen-125 [CA-125] ELIMination rate constant K [KELIM] score) was a predictive biomarker. Only the patients with high-risk disease (suboptimally resected stage III, or stage IV) exhibiting unfavorable KELIM score < 1.0 had overall survival (OS) benefit from bevacizumab (median: 29.7 v 20.6 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.78). An external validation study in the GOG-0218 trial was performed.

METHODS

In GOG-0218, 1,873 patients were treated with carboplatin-paclitaxel ± concurrent-maintenance bevacizumab/placebo. Patient KELIM values were calculated with CA-125 kinetics during the first 100 chemotherapy days by the Lyon University team. The association between KELIM score (favorable ≥ 1.0, or unfavorable < 1.0) and bevacizumab benefit for progression-free survival (PFS)/OS was independently assessed by NGR-GOG using univariate/multivariate analyses.

RESULTS

KELIM was assessable in 1,662 patients with ≥ 3 CA-125 available values. An unfavorable KELIM score was associated with bevacizumab benefit compared with placebo (PFS: HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.82; OS: HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.03), whereas a favorable KELIM was not (PFS: HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.17; OS: HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.39). The highest benefit was observed in patients with a high-risk disease exhibiting unfavorable KELIM, for PFS (median: 9.1 v 5.6 months; HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.78), and for OS (median: 35.1 v 29.1 months; HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.97).

CONCLUSION

This GOG-0218 trial investigation validates ICON-7 findings about the association between poor tumor chemosensitivity and benefit from concurrent-maintenance bevacizumab, suggesting that bevacizumab may mainly be effective in patients with poorly chemosensitive disease. Bevacizumab may be prioritized in patients with a high-risk and poorly chemosensitive disease to improve their PFS/OS (patient KELIM score calculator available on the Biomarker Kinetics website).
Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Morris Van K. , Kennedy Erin B. , Baxter Nancy N. , Benson Al B. , Cercek Andrea , Cho May , Ciombor Kristen K. , Cremolini Chiara , Davis Anjee , Deming Dustin A. , Fakih Marwan G. , Gholami Sepideh , Hong Theodore S. , Jaiyesimi Ishmael , Klute Kelsey , Lieu Christopher , Sanoff Hanna , Strickler John H. , White Sarah , Willis Jason A. , Eng Cathy
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE

To develop recommendations for treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

METHODS

ASCO convened an Expert Panel to conduct a systematic review of relevant studies and develop recommendations for clinical practice.

RESULTS

Five systematic reviews and 10 randomized controlled trials met the systematic review inclusion criteria.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Doublet chemotherapy should be offered, or triplet therapy may be offered to patients with previously untreated, initially unresectable mCRC, on the basis of included studies of chemotherapy in combination with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor antibodies. In the first-line setting, pembrolizumab is recommended for patients with mCRC and microsatellite instability-high or deficient mismatch repair tumors; chemotherapy and anti–epidermal growth factor receptor therapy is recommended for microsatellite stable or proficient mismatch repair left-sided treatment-naive RAS wild-type mCRC; chemotherapy and anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is recommended for microsatellite stable or proficient mismatch repair RAS wild-type right-sided mCRC. Encorafenib plus cetuximab is recommended for patients with previously treated BRAF V600E–mutant mCRC that has progressed after at least one previous line of therapy. Cytoreductive surgery plus systemic chemotherapy may be recommended for selected patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases; however, the addition of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is not recommended. Stereotactic body radiation therapy may be recommended following systemic therapy for patients with oligometastases of the liver who are not considered candidates for resection. Selective internal radiation therapy is not routinely recommended for patients with unilobar or bilobar metastases of the liver. Perioperative chemotherapy or surgery alone should be offered to patients with mCRC who are candidates for potentially curative resection of liver metastases. Multidisciplinary team management and shared decision making are recommended. Qualifying statements with further details related to implementation of guideline recommendations are also included. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/gastrointestinal-cancer-guidelines .
Drug-Carrier Miscibility in Solid Dispersions of Glibenclamide and a Novel Approach to Enhance Its Solubility Using an Effervescent Agent
Authors: Pisay Muralidhar , Bhaskar K. Vijaya , Mehta Chetan Hasmukh , Nayak Usha Yogendra , Koteshwara Kunnatur Balasundara , Mutalik Srinivas
Published: October 2022

The present research aims to investigate the miscibility, physical stability, solubility, and dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble glibenclamide (GLB) in solid dispersions (SDs) with hydrophilic carriers like PEG-1500 and PEG-50 hydrogenated palm glycerides (Acconon). Mathematical theories such as Hansen solubility parameters, Flory Huggins theory, Gibbs free energy, and the in silico molecular dynamics simulation study approaches were used to predict the drug-carrier miscibility. To increase the solubility further, the effervescence technique was introduced to the conventional solid dispersions to prepare effervescent solid dispersions (ESD). Solid dispersions (SDs) were prepared by microwave, solvent evaporation, lyophilization, and hot melt extrusion (HME) techniques and tested for different characterization parameters. The theoretical and in silico parameters suggested that GLB would show good miscibility with the selected carriers under certain conditions. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the drug and carrier(s) was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Solid-state characterizations like powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and microscopy confirm the amorphous nature of SDs. The addition of the effervescent agent improved the amorphous nature, due to which the solubility and drug release rate was increased. In vitro and ex vivo intestinal absorption studies showed improved flux and permeability than the pure drug, suggesting an enhanced drug delivery. The GLB solubility, dissolution, and stability were greatly enhanced by the SD and ESD technology.

Graphical Abstract
Albert O. Hirschman, Europe, and the Postwar Economic Order, 1946–52
Authors: Alacevich Michele , Asso Pier Francesco
Published: October 2022

Between 1946 and 1952, Albert Hirschman worked as an economist in charge of the Western European desk of the research branch of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in Washington, DC. In this position he wrote extensively on patterns of European postwar reconstruction and the creation of a new world economic order. Given his deep knowledge and prewar experiences, Italy and France were his first areas of specialization, although Hirschman soon contributed to the analysis of the Marshall Plan, the shaping of the European Payments Union, and the problem of the dollar shortage. This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of this early stage of Hirschman's intellectual biography, including a discussion of an unpublished proposal for the creation of a new European Monetary Authority developed under the auspices of Paul Hoffman and the Economic Cooperation Administration. In addition to highlighting Hirschman's contributions to several technical aspects of European reconstruction and the restoration of multilateralism, the article shows that during the Fed years, he sharpened his ability to examine processes of policymaking in difficult times. In particular, he rejected prefabricated recipes, developing a sensitivity for inverted sequential processes, inducement mechanisms, and apparently paradoxical solutions in an uncertain environment. This sensitivity is at the basis of what has been described as a distinctively “Hirschmanesque” style of thought.
Slum Simulacra: Jack Kerouac, Oscar Lewis, and Cultures of Poverty
Authors: Chandler Aaron
Published: October 2022

Placing Jack Kerouac’s representations of poverty in dialogue with the work of anthropologist Oscar Lewis, originator of the “culture of poverty” thesis, this essay demonstrates that their disparate modes of allegiance with the poor share roots in the same unstable poverty ontology. Unable to fix the meaning of poverty as either as a natural condition or as a cultural product, Lewis and Kerouac each present poverty both as an abject expression of social disorder and as a point of vital social exteriority. Tracing this poverty ontology to Rousseau, the essay reveals how its instabilities spur aesthetic innovations—and political contradictions—in both writers.
Perverse Attention(s): Djuna Barnes, John Rechy, and the Queer Modernist Aesthetics of Entrancement
Authors: Kindig Patrick
Published: October 2022

This article examines the representational slippage between queerness and entranceability in two queer modernist novels, Djuna Barnes’s Nightwood and John Rechy’s City of Night. Highlighting the historical and conceptual overlap between early sexological work on inversion and early psychological work on trance, it argues that, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, queer desire was in part understood as a function of compulsively misdirected and pathologically fixed attention. Embracing rather than refuting this model of queerness, writers such as Barnes and Rechy drew on the language and imagery of homoerotic entrancement to cultivate a mesmerizing—and distinctly queer—aesthetic, incorporating entrancement into their writing at the levels of both form and content. The article thus suggests that sexology provided writers such as Barnes and Rechy with an unexpected method for capturing and holding the attention of their readers, shaping queer modernist aesthetics in an oft-overlooked way.
Comparison of EMG Activity in Leg Muscles between Overground and Treadmill Running
Authors: DARENDELI ABDULKERIM , ERTAN HAYRI , ENOKA ROGER MARO
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Treadmills have been widely used for training and performance testing during which the treadmill grade is usually set to 0%–2% grade. The purpose of our study was to compare the level of activation of lower body muscles when running at two speeds in an overground condition and on a treadmill at 0%, 1%, and 2% grades.

Methods

We recorded EMG data of eight lower body muscles from 13 recreationally active individuals during overground and treadmill running at 2.92 and 4.58 m·s−1. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tests were performed (3 × 6 s) to identify maximal torque and EMG values. The stride cycles, from one foot strike to the next, were identified using a pair of triaxial accelerometers. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to examine the differences in EMG activity across running conditions and speeds. Cohen’s d effect size was calculated to indicate the difference between the overground and the treadmill running conditions.

Results

The effect sizes were moderate to negligible for differences between the EMG integral values for overground running and the three treadmill grades. The coefficient of variation for stride time during overground running was significantly larger than that of the treadmill running at 4.58 m·s−1.

Conclusions

The results showed that the overall EMG profiles of the thigh and shank muscles were similar for the overground and treadmill conditions, but the similarity was greatest for thigh muscles when running on the treadmill at 1% grade and for shank muscles at 2% grade. The variability in stride time was greater during overground running than when running on a treadmill and was associated with elevated EMG activity of some muscles.
Antifungal activity of propolis extract against Candida albicans in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Esteves Pairazaman Ambrocio Teodoro , Collanque Pinto Jesus Daniel , Alvarado Chávez Britt , Leon Apac Gabriel , Horna Sandoval Consuelo Berta , Malpartida Quispe Federico Martin , Collanque Meza Vadir Ali Jesús , Ibarra Fretell Walter Gregorio , Rodríguez Loyola Gina Andrea
Published: October 2022

Background: The aim was to evaluate the antifungal activity of propolis extract against Candida albicans (or C. albicans) in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Methods: The research presents a quantitative approach with an experimental design, with a population of C. albicans strains isolated from patients diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis who were admitted to the Gynecology Service of the Maria del Socorro Clinic, district of Ate, Lima; a sample of 34 strains was chosen in total, considering three repetitions per strain, obtaining 102 experimental units.

The antifungal susceptibility test was carried out by the disc diffusion plate method using a single concentration of propolis extract, with fluconazole as a positive control.

Results: Propolis extract was shown to inhibit all strains of C. albicans, as was fluconazole, with the effect of the latter being significantly greater than that of the product under investigation.

Conclusions: The conclusion is that propolis extract does show antifungal activity against C. albicans in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Co-cultures of cerebellar slices from mice with different reelin genetic backgrounds as a model to study cortical lamination
Authors: Merighi Adalberto , Lossi Laura
Published: October 2022

Background: Reelin has fundamental functions in the developing and mature brain. Its absence gives rise to the Reeler phenotype in mice, the first described cerebellar mutation. In homozygous mutants missing the Reelin gene (reln-/-), neurons are incapable of correctly positioning themselves in layered brain areas such as the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. We here demonstrate that by employing ex vivo cultured cerebellar slices one can reduce the number of animals and use a non-recovery procedure to analyze the effects of Reelin on the migration of Purkinje neurons (PNs).

Methods: We generated mouse hybrids (L7-GFPrelnF1/) with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged PNs, directly visible under fluorescence microscopy. We then cultured the slices obtained from mice with different reln genotypes and demonstrated that when the slices from reln-/- mutants were co-cultured with those from reln+/- mice, the Reelin produced by the latter induced migration of the PNs to partially rescue the normal layered cortical histology. We have confirmed this observation with Voronoi tessellation to analyze PN dispersion.

Results: In images of the co-cultured slices from reln-/- mice, Voronoi polygons were larger than in single-cultured slices of the same genetic background but smaller than those generated from slices of reln+/- animals. The mean roundness factor, area disorder, and roundness factor homogeneity were different when slices from reln-/- mice were cultivated singularly or co-cultivated, supporting mathematically the transition from the clustered organization of the PNs in the absence of Reelin to a layered structure when the protein is supplied ex vivo.

Conclusions: Neurobiologists are the primary target users of this 3Rs approach. They should adopt it for the possibility to study and manipulate ex vivo the activity of a brain-secreted or genetically engineered protein (scientific perspective), the potential reduction (up to 20%) of the animals used, and the total avoidance of severe surgery (3Rs perspective).
El poeta Panfo a la luz de Pausanias y de Filóstrato.
Authors: González Suárez Manuel
Published: October 2022

este trabajo pretende recopilar y comentar todas las referencias antiguas al poco conocido poeta Panfo para tratar de arrojar algo de luz sobre su vida y su obra. Consiste en un análisis detallado de las principales fuentes transmisoras (Pausanias y Filóstrato) de este autor, probablemente un himnógrafo vinculado a los misterios de Eleusis; en el trabajo se amplía, a partir de las ediciones más modernas, la monografía de Eberhard, citada en la bibliografía
C. IVLIVS QVADRATVS BASSVS y la sucesión de Trajano.
Authors: González Fernández Julián
Published: October 2022

El autor, tras un estudio detallado de la inscripción griega IvPerg III, 21, y su comparación con las fuentes literarias, llega a la conclusión de que la sustitución de C. Iulius Quadratus Bassus por Adriano como legatus Aug. pro pr. en Siria, no se debió a su envío a Dacia para sofocar una revuelta de roxolanos y yáciges, sino para continuar la guerra en Mesopotamia al mando de una uexillatio de cuatro legiones, a causa de la enfermedad del emperador y su retiro a Antioquia para intentar recuperarse. Bassus sería enviado a Dacia, donde encontró la muerte, posteriormente por Adriano.
Una nueva inscripción procedente del Ager Aesonensis (Isona i Conca Dellà, Lérida) .
Authors: Sabaté Vidal Víctor , Martín Chacón Borja , Garcés Estallo Ignasi
Published: October 2022

Se presenta la edición de una nueva inscripción latina sobre placa de mármol, hallada en el territorio de la antigua ciudad romana de Aeso (Isona i Conca Dellà, Lérida), al sur de los Pirineos Orientales (Hispania citerior). Solo se conservan unas pocas letras del texto, que no permiten identificar con seguridad ninguna palabra, aunque el lugar de hallazgo podría apuntar a que se trate de una inscripción funeraria.
ΑΚΜΑΙΟΤΕΡΟΝ ΝΥΝ ΕΠΑΝΘΕΙ:la representación del emperador Galieno (253-268) y el culto solar en las Ἐπιστολαὶ ἑορταστικαί de Dionisio de Alejandría.
Authors: Serrano Ordozgoiti David
Published: October 2022

La visión tradicional que se ha transmitido en la historiografía sobre el emperador Publio Licinio Galieno (253-268) está fuertemente condicionada por la imagen negativa promovida por las élites senatoriales del siglo IV. Sin embargo, durante su reinado y en la historiografía inmediatamente posterior a su muerte, la visión literaria era mucho más benévola con su figura. En el presente artículo analizaremos los pocos pasos conservados en Eusebio de Cesarea de las Ἐπιστολαὶ ἑορταστικαί de Dionisio de Alejandría. Estudiaremos de qué manera Dionisio representa al emperador Galieno y cómo esta imagen puede ligarse a su autorrepresentación como promotor de los cultos solares.
Los obispos emeritenses del Imperio romano cristiano.
Authors: Vilella Josep
Published: October 2022

Mediante una metodología histórico-prosopográfica, se establece la biografía de los obispos de Mérida atestiguados desde el reinado de Constantino I hasta las primeras entradas de los pueblos germánicos en la península Ibérica: Liberio, Florencio, Hidacio, Patruino y Gregorio. Debidamente contextualizadas, fijadas y datadas, sus actuaciones conocidas ponen de manifiesto la preeminencia alcanzada por la sede eclesiástica emeritense y su participación en diferentes coyunturas político-religiosas que tienen lugar durante el período considerado, plasmadas sobre todo en relevantes concilios eclesiásticos, celebrados en la diocesis Hispaniarum o fuera de ella.
Czy Wyspiański znał Grasseta? La plante et ses applications ornementales Eugène’a Grasseta a stylizacje roślinne Stanisława Wyspiańskiego
Authors: Bajda Justyna
Published: October 2022

The starting point of the article is the noticeable convergence of the artistic interests of Stanisław Wyspiański and Eugène Grasset, especially in the fields of typography and book illustrations. Among the numerous implementations of the French representative of Art Nouveau, there was also a template of plants titled La plante et ses applications ornementales, created by his Parisian students of the École Guérin. This book was of key importance for the development of the late 19th-century ornamentation. The aim of the presented article is to indicate similarities in the method of work of both artists and an attempt to determine the aesthetic affinities between Grasset’s templates and the plant vignettes of Wyspiański found in Young Poland’s poetic volumes and in the other books.
Cudze zbiory. Zespół luźnych reprodukcji, kart książkowych, wycinków oraz fotografii ze spuścizny po Stanisławie Wyspiańskim w kolekcji Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie
Authors: Laskowska Magdalena
Published: October 2022

In the year 1993, a set of documents from the legacy of Helena Chmurska (1895– 1971), who was Stanisław Wyspiański’s daughter, was handed over to the National Museum in Kraków. These materials represent a remarkably interesting set of documents: loose pages from various publications, snippets from newspapers, illustrations from publications dedicated to art, reproductions of Stanisław Wyspiański’s own pieces of work and photographs. The set of documents, which so far has not been compiled or published as a whole, introduces us to the artist’s way of working. It is about his technique, searching for the creative impulse, recurrence of specific motives as well as recording sensations and particular artistic acts. This is an excellent material for further thorough research on Wyspiański’s artistic work.
Ponadczasowe piękno stylu Doves Bindery na przykładzie opraw w zbiorach Działu Rzemiosła Artystycznego, Kultury Materialnej i Militariów Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie
Authors: Paś Monika
Published: October 2022

The text presents two books in bindings made by a well-known English company The Doves Bindery, established by Thomas Cobden-Sanderson in 1893. The first of these is The Tale of the Emperor Coustans and of over Sea, containing two Old French romances translated by William Morris (1834–1896) and published by his Kelmscott Press in 1894. The second is a text presenting the personal philosophy of Cobden-Sanderson entitled Credo, published by his publishing house, the Doves Press, in 1908. Both books were purchased for the Museum of Science and Industry in Kraków as “museum pieces” and were first items to be listed in the inventory of the new department of book bindings, established as a separate department in the museum structures after 1913. After the dissolution of the museum in 1950, its artistic collections, including the two historic artefacts described, were transferred to the National Museum in Kraków. Both books display outstanding quality of the materials used in their creation and a high level of craftsmanship. They perfectly represent the style of The Doves Bindery and of Cobden-Sanderson, who strove to create the perfect book by harmonising the typeface, graphic design, and binding, thus forming a whole of lasting beauty.
Robust Minimum-Cost Flow Problems Under Multiple Ripple Effect Disruptions
Authors: Ansari Mehdi , Borrero Juan S. , Lozano Leonardo
Published: October 2022

We study a class of adversarial minimum-cost flow problems where the arcs are subject to multiple ripple effect disruptions that increase their usage cost. The locations of the disruptions’ epicenters are uncertain, and the decision maker seeks a flow that minimizes cost assuming the worst-case realization of the disruptions. We evaluate the damage to each arc using a linear model, where the damage is the cumulative damage of all disruptions affecting the arc; and a maximum model, where the damage is given by the most destructive disruption affecting the arc. For both models, the arcs’ costs after disruptions are represented with a mixed-integer feasible region, resulting in a robust optimization problem with a mixed-integer uncertainty set. The main challenge to solve the problem comes from a subproblem that evaluates the worst-case cost for a given flow plan. We show that for the linear model the uncertainty set can be decomposed into a series of single disruption problems, which leads to a polynomial time algorithm for the subproblem. The uncertainty set of the maximum model, however, cannot be decomposed, and we show that the subproblem under this model is NP-hard. For this case, we further present a big-M free binary reformulation of the uncertainty set based on conflict constraints that results in a significantly smaller formulation with tighter linear programming relaxations. We extend the models by considering a less conservative approach where only a subset of the disruptions can occur and show that the properties of the linear and maximum models also hold in this case. We test our proposed approaches over real road networks and synthetics instances and show that our methods achieve orders of magnitude improvements over a standard approach from the literature.

History: Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete.

Funding: This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-22-1-0236] and the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-19-1-2329].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1243 .
Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) no Brasil e a desigualdade social evidenciada pela pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Guimarães Rosiane Correa , Silva Márcio Rodrigues
Published: October 2022

A pandemia de COVID-19 assolou o mundo e alterou as formas de interação entre as pessoas, causando mudanças nos modos de vida e de trabalho. O convívio presencial foi comprometido devido às estratégias de isolamento e distanciamento social demandadas para tentar conter o índice de contaminação. Todas as atividades humanas foram impactadas e tiveram de ser repensadas e reorganizadas levando-se em conta a nova realidade. Assim, se fez necessário pensar novas formas de manter o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Pensando nisso, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as propostas de Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) oferecidas por algumas escolas para tentar diminuir os prejuízos à aprendizagem durante o período pandêmico. Para tentar retratar a realidade brasileira com maior fidedignidade, optou-se por analisar propostas das redes estaduais de diferentes localidades, de forma a contemplar as cinco regiões do país. A metodologia compreende uma revisão bibliográfica sobre inclusão digital e meio técnico-científico-informacional, desigualdades sociais, uso de tecnologias em sala de aula, discussões entre professores, gestores e as recomendações dos especialistas y também uma análise das ações e propostas implantadas pelos Estados durante este período. Foram identificadas dificuldades na oferta do ERE: estruturais, físicas, emocionais e psicológicas, motivo pelo qual o ERE não pode ser a única estratégia para mediar o ensino durante o distanciamento social. É fundamental repensar estratégias de democratização do acesso à educação, sob pena de agravar ainda mais desigualdades sociais.
Photonic scheme for broadband frequency response measurement of PDs
Authors: Jiao Mingqi , Jiang Yuxuan , Lv Shirong , Yuan Wenyang , Lei Congbiao , Yao Jiaqi , Xie Liang
Published: October 2022

We report a scheme to measure the broadband frequency response of photodetectors (PDs) with the capacity of self-calibration. The optical carrier at

f
0

is modulated through one modulator, and this modulator is driven by a microwave signal with a fixed frequency

f
1

to produce the carrier-suppressed double sideband optical signals

f
0

−

f
1

and

f
0

+

f
1

. The frequency interval of the optical signals is

2

f
1

. Subsequently, the two optical signals are sent to another modulator driven by a swept microwave signal

f
m

. Two pairs of carrier-suppressed double sideband signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio are generated. The frequencies of these signals are

f
0

−

f
1

−

f
m

,

f
0

−

f
1

+

f
m

,

f
0

+

f
1

−

f
m

, and

f
0

+

f
1

+

f
m

. After the PD under test, the frequency response can be extracted from the amplitude of the microwave signals at

2

f
1

,

2

f
1

−

2

f
m

, and

2

f
1

+

2

f
m

. Two PDs in our laboratory are experimentally characterized from 0.1 to 40 GHz with a resolution of 100 MHz. Compared with the traditional vector network analyzer swept method, the proposed method extends the measurement range from

f
m

(

max

)

to

2

f
1

+

2

f
m

(

max

)

and has the capacity of self-calibration to eliminate the influence caused by the modulator frequency response on the measurement results.
Application of attention-DnCNN for ESPI fringe patterns denoising
Authors: Wang Linlin , Li Run , Tian Feng , Fang Xiaoyu
Published: October 2022

Fringe patterns’ denoising in electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) is an important step in phase extraction. In this study, we propose a new denoising method for ESPI fringe patterns based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed model which combines the attention mechanism and CNN is defined as attention-denoising CNN. In this model, owing to the attention mechanism, more attention will be paid to fringe information, and better filtering results will be achieved. The experimental results show that our proposed method can obtain excellent results, especially with high and large variation density ESPI fringe patterns.
Light field image super-resolution based on raw data with transformers
Authors: Guo Xiao , Sang Xinzhu , Yan Binbin , Chen Duo , Wang Peng
Published: October 2022

Light field (LF) image super-resolution (SR) can improve the limited spatial resolution of LF images by using complementary information from different perspectives. However, current LF image SR methods only use the RGB data to implicitly exploit the information among different perspectives, without paying attention to the information loss from raw data to RGB data and the explicit structure information utilization. To address the first issue, a data generation pipeline is developed to collect LF raw data for LF image SR. In addition, to make full use of the multiview information, an end-to-end convolutional neural network architecture (namely, LF-RawSR) is proposed for LF image SR. Specifically, an aggregated module is first used to fuse the angular information based on a volume transformer with plane sweep volume. Then the aggregated feature is warped to all LF views using a cross-view transformer for nonlocal dependencies utilization. The experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods with a comparative computational cost, and fine details and clear structures can be restored.
Self-registration of constant-step rotating Mueller matrix polarimeters
Authors: Xuan Tao , Zhai Haoyu , He Honghui , He Chao , Liu Shaoxiong , Ma Hui
Published: October 2022

Time-division framework is commonly used in Mueller matrix polarimeters (MPs), which takes extra numbers of images at the same position in an acquisition sequence. In this Letter, we utilize measurement redundancy to raise a unique loss function which can reflect and evaluate the degree of mis-registration of Mueller matrix (MM) polarimetric images. Further, we demonstrate that the constant-step rotating MPs have a self-registration loss function free from systematic errors. Based on this property, we propose a self-registration framework, which is able to apply efficient sub-pixel registration skipping the calibration procedure of MPs. It is demonstrated that the self-registration framework performs well for tissue MM images. By combining with other powerful vectorized super-resolution methods, the framework proposed in this Letter has the potential to handle more complicated registration problems.
Sim-Radon-based shape descriptor for deformable pattern recognition
Authors: Yuan Hao , Wu Cheng , Xie Feng
Published: October 2022

It is a challenging but important task to design an abstract and robust shape descriptor for deformable shapes in a highly discriminative way. However, most of the existing low-level descriptors are designed using hand-crafted features and are sensitive to local variations and large deformations. To solve this problem, in this Letter, we propose a shape descriptor based on the Radon transform and SimNet for shape recognition. It effectively overcomes structural barriers, such as rigid or non-rigid transformations, irregular topologies between shape features, and similarity learning. Specifically, we use the Radon features of the objects as the input to the network and calculate the similarity using SimNet. Deformation of objects may affect Radon feature maps, and SimNet can overcome such effects to reduce the loss of information. Compared with SimNet, which consumes the original images as the input, our method shows higher performance.
High-gain broadband laser amplification of mid-IR pulses in Fe:CdSe crystal at 5 μm with millijoule output energy and multigigawatt peak power
Authors: Pushkin Andrey , Potemkin Fedor
Published: October 2022

We report on a first of its kind, to our knowledge broadband amplification in a Fe:CdSe single crystal in the mid-IR beyond 5 µm. The experimentally measured gain properties demonstrate saturation fluence close to 13 mJ/cm2 and support the bandwidth up to 320 nm (full width at half maximum). Such properties allow the energy of the seeding mid-IR laser pulse, generated by an optical parametric amplifier, to be pushed up to more than 1 mJ. Dispersion management with bulk stretcher and prism compressor enables 5-µm laser pulses of 134-fs duration, providing access to multigigawatt peak power. Ultrafast laser amplifiers based on a family of Fe-doped chalcogenides open the route for wavelength tuning together with energy scaling of mid-IR laser pulses that are strongly demanded for the areas of spectroscopy, laser–matter interaction, and attoscience.
Fano resonance in a dolomite phase-change multilayer design for dynamically tunable omnidirectional monochromatic thermal emission
Authors: Omam Zahra Rahimian , Ghobadi Amir , Khalichi Bahram , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: October 2022

In this Letter, we unveil the unprecedented optical phonon response of CaMg(CO3)2 (dolomite) thin film in the design of a planar ultra-narrowband mid-infrared (MIR) thermal emitter. Dolomite (DLM) is a carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, which can inherently accommodate highly dispersive optical phonon modes. Utilizing strong interference in the Al-DLM bilayer, a lithography-free planar thermal emitter is realized with near-unity omnidirectional emission at a specific resonance wavelength of 7.12 µm. Further incorporation of embedded vanadium dioxide (VO2) phase change material (PCM) enables the excitation of hybrid Fano resonances with dynamic spectral tunability. The findings of this study can have multiple applications, ranging from biosensing and gas sensing to thermal emission.
Simple method for high average power supercontinuum generation based on Raman mode locking in a quasi-CW fiber laser oscillator
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Hanwei , Xi Xiaoming , Wang Peng , Zhang Dan , Yang Baolai , Shi Chen , Wang Xiaolin , Xu Xiaojun
Published: October 2022

A simple generation method for a supercontinuum (SC) based on Raman mode locking (RML) in a quasi-continuous wave (QCW) fiber laser oscillator is demonstrated experimentally and analyzed in this paper. The power of the SC is adjustable by changing the pump repetition rate and duty cycle. Under the pump repetition rate of 1 kHz and duty cycle of 11.5%, an SC output with a spectral range of 1000–1500 nm is obtained at a maximum output power of 791 W. The RML is fully analyzed in terms of the spectral and temporal dynamics. RML plays a major role in this process and further enriches the generation of the SC. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on directly generating a high and adjustable average power SC using a large-mode-area (LMA)-based oscillator, which provides a proof-of-concept experiment for achieving a high average power SC source and greatly improves the potential application value of the SC source.
Complete modal decomposition of a few-mode fiber based on ptychography technology
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Liu Qingwen , Xiong Junjie , Zhao Shuangxiang , Lyu Meng , Pan Xingchen , Zhang Junyong , He Zuyuan
Published: October 2022

An exact modal decomposition method plays an important role in revealing the modal characteristics of a few-mode fiber, and it is widely used in various applications ranging from imaging to telecommunications. Here, ptychography technology is successfully used to achieve modal decomposition of a few-mode fiber. In our method, the complex amplitude information of the test fiber can be recovered by ptychography, and then the amplitude weight of each eigenmode and the relative phase between different eigenmodes can be easily calculated by modal orthogonal projection operations. In addition, we also propose a simple and effective method to realize coordinate alignment. Numerical simulations and optical experiments validate the reliability and feasibility of the approach.
Hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortices encode structural task representations following progressive and interleaved training schedules
Authors: Berens Sam C. , Bird Chris M.
Published: October 2022

Memory generalisations may be underpinned by either encoding- or retrieval-based generalisation mechanisms and different training schedules may bias some learners to favour one of these mechanisms over the other. We used a transitive inference task to investigate whether generalisation is influenced by progressive vs randomly interleaved training, and overnight consolidation. On consecutive days, participants learnt pairwise discriminations from two transitive hierarchies before being tested during fMRI. Inference performance was consistently better following progressive training, and for pairs further apart in the transitive hierarchy. BOLD pattern similarity correlated with hierarchical distances in the left hippocampus (HIP) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) following both training schedules. These results are consistent with the use of structural representations that directly encode hierarchical relationships between task features. However, such effects were only observed in the MPFC for recently learnt relationships. Furthermore, the MPFC appeared to maintain structural representations in participants who performed at chance on the inference task. We conclude that humans preferentially employ encoding-based mechanisms to store map-like relational codes that can be used for memory generalisation. These codes are expressed in the HIP and MPFC following both progressive and interleaved training but are not sufficient for accurate inference.
Modelling membrane reshaping by staged polymerization of ESCRT-III filaments
Authors: Jiang Xiuyun , Harker-Kirschneck Lena , Vanhille-Campos Christian , Pfitzner Anna-Katharina , Lominadze Elene , Roux Aurélien , Baum Buzz , Šarić Anđela
Published: October 2022

ESCRT-III filaments are composite cytoskeletal polymers that can constrict and cut cell membranes from the inside of the membrane neck. Membrane-bound ESCRT-III filaments undergo a series of dramatic composition and geometry changes in the presence of an ATP-consuming Vps4 enzyme, which causes stepwise changes in the membrane morphology. We set out to understand the physical mechanisms involved in translating the changes in ESCRT-III polymer composition into membrane deformation. We have built a coarse-grained model in which ESCRT-III polymers of different geometries and mechanical properties are allowed to copolymerise and bind to a deformable membrane. By modelling ATP-driven stepwise depolymerisation of specific polymers, we identify mechanical regimes in which changes in filament composition trigger the associated membrane transition from a flat to a buckled state, and then to a tubule state that eventually undergoes scission to release a small cargo-loaded vesicle. We then characterise how the location and kinetics of polymer loss affects the extent of membrane deformation and the efficiency of membrane neck scission. Our results identify the near-minimal mechanical conditions for the operation of shape-shifting composite polymers that sever membrane necks.
Optimal noise level for coding with tightly balanced networks of spiking neurons in the presence of transmission delays
Authors: Timcheck Jonathan , Kadmon Jonathan , Boahen Kwabena , Ganguli Surya
Published: October 2022

Neural circuits consist of many noisy, slow components, with individual neurons subject to ion channel noise, axonal propagation delays, and unreliable and slow synaptic transmission. This raises a fundamental question: how can reliable computation emerge from such unreliable components? A classic strategy is to simply average over a population of N weakly-coupled neurons to achieve errors that scale as 1 / N. But more interestingly, recent work has introduced networks of leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons that achieve coding errors that scale superclassically as 1/N by combining the principles of predictive coding and fast and tight inhibitory-excitatory balance. However, spike transmission delays preclude such fast inhibition, and computational studies have observed that such delays can cause pathological synchronization that in turn destroys superclassical coding performance. Intriguingly, it has also been observed in simulations that noise can actually improve coding performance, and that there exists some optimal level of noise that minimizes coding error. However, we lack a quantitative theory that describes this fascinating interplay between delays, noise and neural coding performance in spiking networks. In this work, we elucidate the mechanisms underpinning this beneficial role of noise by deriving analytical expressions for coding error as a function of spike propagation delay and noise levels in predictive coding tight-balance networks of LIF neurons. Furthermore, we compute the minimal coding error and the associated optimal noise level, finding that they grow as power-laws with the delay. Our analysis reveals quantitatively how optimal levels of noise can rescue neural coding performance in spiking neural networks with delays by preventing the build up of pathological synchrony without overwhelming the overall spiking dynamics. This analysis can serve as a foundation for the further study of precise computation in the presence of noise and delays in efficient spiking neural circuits.
Transcriptome features of innate immune memory in Drosophila
Authors: Fuse Naoyuki , Okamori Chisaki , Okaji Ryoma , Tang Chang , Hirai Kikuko , Kurata Shoichiro
Published: October 2022

Immune memory is the ability of organisms to elicit potentiated immune responses at secondary infection. Current studies have revealed that similar to adaptive immunity, innate immunity exhibits memory characteristics (called "innate immune memory"). Although epigenetic reprogramming plays an important role in innate immune memory, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated, especially at the individual level. Here, we established experimental systems for detecting innate immune memory in Drosophila melanogaster. Training infection with low-pathogenic bacteria enhanced the survival rate of the flies at subsequent challenge infection with high-pathogenic bacteria. Among low-pathogenic bacteria, Micrococcus luteus (Ml) and Salmonella typhimurium (St) exerted apparent training effects in the fly but exhibited different mechanisms of action. Ml exerted training effects even after its clearance from flies, while live St persisted in the flies for a prolonged duration. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis revealed that Ml training enhanced the expression of the immune-related genes under the challenge condition but not under the non-challenge condition. In contrast, St training upregulated the expression of the immune-related genes independent of challenge. These results suggest that training effects with Ml and St are due to memory and persistence of immune responses, respectively. Furthermore, we searched for the gene involved in immune memory, and identified a candidate gene, Ada2b, which encodes a component of the histone modification complex. The Ada2b mutant suppressed Ml training effects on survival and disrupted the expression of some genes under the training + challenge condition. These results suggest that the gene expression regulated by Ada2b may contribute to innate immune memory in Drosophila.