bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly secure 3D-FTN-NOMA scheme based on NODFT matrix precoding and multi-level chaotic perturbation
Authors: Ma Yilan , Liu Bo , Ren Jianxin , Ma Yiming , Mao Yaya , Song Xiumin , Wu Xiangyu , Chen Shuaidong , Li Ying , Sun Tingting
Published: November 2024

This Letter aims to present a highly secure 3D faster-than-Nyquist non-orthogonal multiple access (3D-FTN-NOMA) scheme based on non-orthogonal discrete Fourier transform (NODFT) matrix precoding and multi-level chaotic perturbation. The NODFT matrix precoding technique is employed to operate on the 3D-NOMA system for generating the 3D-FTN-NOMA signal. To address the dual security vulnerabilities in the 3D-FTN-NOMA system, chaotic vector technology is employed to achieve multi-level perturbation of both the original information from different users and the superimposed information. With a net rate of 105.98 Gb/s, we experimentally verified the proposed scheme on a 2 km 7-core fiber system based on intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD). By employing NODFT precoding, the 3D-FTN-NOMA system using low-order modulation formats can achieve the transmission capacity of the 3D-NOMA signal using high-order modulation formats within the same system and bandwidth, resulting in a receiving sensitivity gain of approximately 5 dB. Moreover, our proposed encryption scheme effectively addresses the dual security vulnerabilities of 3D-FTN-NOMA and enables comprehensive secure transmission of signals.
Multilayer subwavelength metallic grating as a high performance polarizer in infrared short wavelengths
Authors: Yuan Wentao , Tian Shuoqiu , Guo Jinyu , Chen Yifang
Published: November 2024

This paper addresses the burning issue of both low transmission and limited extinction ratio in polarizers based on a single layer subwavelength grating in short infrared wavelengths. In this work, an alternative polarizer with four layers of subwavelength gratings in gold, encapsulated in silica, was developed. Systematic simulations using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method were carried out in designing the polarizer for the structural dimensions to ensure the highest transmission and the highest extinction ratio. The designed polarizer was fabricated by using the high-precision registration technique in electron beam lithography (EBL), followed by metallization of golden gratings and plasma chemical vapor deposition of silica. Optic measurement shows both high transmission (40% anti-reflection effect) and high extinction ratio (∼27 dB) in the wavelengths of 1100–1600 nm be achieved. The developed multilayer subwavelength grating in Au provides us with the promising solution for high transmittance as well as high extinction ratios of grating based polarizers.
Observation of orbital angular momentum from an ultrathin topological insulator metasurface
Authors: Li Dikun , Lu Hua , Zheng Jiadeng , Li Peng , Zhao Jianlin
Published: November 2024

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) existing in the vortex light beam with isolated singularities and spiral phase distribution presents significant applications in optical communications and light-field manipulation. The generation of OAM based on plasmonic metasurfaces is generally limited by the large optical loss and weak tunability of metal materials. Three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TIs) with insulating bulk states and topologically protected surface states allow the excitation of surface plasmons with low loss in the high-frequency region. Herein, we designed and fabricated an ultrathin Sb2Te3 TI plasmonic metasurface using the magnetron sputtering deposition and focused ion beam lithography. The results show that the 18 nm thick TI metasurface can efficiently generate surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) in the visible spectrum, which can effectively modulate the spatial phase of incident light for the generation of OAM. We find that the OAM conversion efficiency of the TI-based metasurface is remarkable compared with that of the gold-based metasurface. The experimental results obtained by a self-built OAM testing system demonstrate that the ultrathin TI metasurface can generate a distinct vortex beam with a first-order topological charge. This work will provide a new approach for generating OAM in ultrathin structures and exploring the applications of TIs in light-field manipulation.
Two high-efficiency methods for the imaging
performance evaluation of large photon sieves
Authors: Yuan Shenzhou , Feng Li , Liu Hua , Gan Weiqun
Published: November 2024

Photon sieve (PS) is a kind of diffractive lenses that has great application prospects in ultraviolet and X-ray imaging. It is very difficult to simulate and analyze the performance of large and very-high-resolution PSs. The main reason is the low computational efficiency or low versatility of the traditional algorithms. We propose two fast and accurate simulation algorithms for large PSs with numerous pinholes. One algorithm is based on a parallelized GPU algorithm and a symmetry assumption. The other algorithm is based on the comparison of the diffracted field between a PS and its homologous Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP), where we derive a set of FZP diffraction formulas to compute FZP's diffracted field quickly and find a good linear relationship. The former algorithm is more universal and 1100 times faster than the traditional analytic algorithm. The latter one is computationally 3.4 ×10⁵ times faster than the traditional algorithm but works in a smaller field of view (FOV) for the analysis of ideal cases. We further evaluate the imaging performance of a 0.3-meter-diameter Hα PS with 2×10⁸ pinholes. We compute the point spread functions (PSFs) in ideal cases and in actual cases that chromatic aberration, depth of focus (DOF) and imperfect fabrications including pinhole size, pinhole position and PS wrinkled surface should be considered. We find that a bandwidth of 0.1 nm, DOF of 0.15 mm, pinhole uncertainty in size and radial position larger than 3 μm, and systematic wrinkle of the PS over 500 μm have significant influences on the PSF.
Changes in duration and intensity of waves of heat and cold on the territory of Belarus over the period from 1955 to 2021
Authors: Khitrykau Maksim
Published: November 2024

The impact of modern climate warming on the characteristics of heat and cold waves on the territory of Belarus has been analysed. Since 1988, the number of heat waves and strong thaws has significantly increased (less than 15% of all registered heat waves and strong thaws occurred in the pre-warming period of 1955–1987), while the number of frost and summer cold waves has decreased. The average duration of frost and summer cold waves has decreased by 0.5–1.5 days, the average duration of strong thaws has increased by 1 day, while the changes in the duration of heat waves have been less significant. The greatest changes in temperature have been observed for strong thaws and frost waves (increase of up to 0.8°C). Heat waves are characterized by a decrease in the average duration by 1 day and the smallest temperature changes, because due to increase in average values, summer temperatures got closer to thresholds for a heat wave. Despite the effect of modern warming, frost waves remain the most intense type of extreme temperature episodes in Belarus. The spatial distribution of temperatures during heat and cold waves is either uniform or determined by seasonal temperature gradients.
Cost effectiveness and return on investment analysis for surgical care in a conflict-affected region of Sudan
Authors: Nicholson C. Phifer , Saxton Anthony , Young Katherine , Smith Emily R. , Shrime Mark G. , Fielder Jon , Catena Thomas , Rice Henry E.
Published: November 2024

The delivery of healthcare in conflict-affected regions places tremendous strains to health systems, and the economic value of surgical care in conflict settings remains poorly understood. Our aims were to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, societal economic benefits, and return on investment (ROI) for surgical care in a conflict-affected region in Sudan. We conducted a retrospective study of surgical care from January to December 2022 at the Mother of Mercy-Gidel Hospital (MMH) in the Nuba Mountains of Sudan, a semi-autonomous region characterized by chronic and cyclical conflict. We collected data on all patients undergoing surgical procedures (n = 3016), including age, condition, and procedure. We used the MMH budget and financial statements to measure direct medical and non-medical expenditures (costs) for care. We estimated the proportion of expenditures for surgical care through a survey of surgical vs non-surgical beds. The benefits of care were calculated as averted disability-adjusted life-years (DALYa) based on predicted outcomes for the most common 81% of procedures, and then extrapolated to the overall cohort. We calculated the average cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) of care. The societal economic benefits of surgical care were modeled using a human capital approach, and we performed a ROI analysis. Uncertainty was estimated using sensitivity analysis. We found that the CER for all surgical care was $72.54/DALYa. This CER is far less than the gross domestic product per capita in the comparator economy of South Sudan ($585), qualifying it as very cost-effective by World Health Organization standards. The total societal economic impact of surgical care was $9,124,686, yielding a greater than 14:1 ROI ratio. Sensitivity analysis confirmed confidence in all output models. Surgical care in this conflict-affected region of Sudan is very cost-effective, provides substantial societal economic benefits, and a high return on investment.
An assessment of the content of antenatal care provided by obstetricians in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study
Authors: El Khoury Tanya , Rebeiz Marie-Claire , Abi Zeid Berthe , Mansour Sara , Yared George , El Kak Faysal , Akik Chaza , McCall Stephen J.
Published: November 2024

Quality and timely antenatal care is a vital component of pregnancy care for the well-being of mothers and babies. The aim of this study of to assess self-reported obstetricians’ adherence to national and international antenatal care guidelines in Lebanon. This cross-sectional study approached all obstetricians registered with the Lebanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Lebanese Order of Physicians to participate in an online and telephone-based survey. The study tool included all of the items from the World Health Organization and national guidelines for antenatal care. Obstetricians’ self-reported adherence was assessed across five modules including dietary interventions, dietary supplements, antenatal care assessment, fetal growth assessment, and antenatal care preventive measures. A total of 134 obstetricians completed the survey. Overall, adherence was high for most antenatal care guidelines except for providing nutrition services to undernourished pregnant women, screening for intimate partner violence, and providing tetanus vaccines. The number of recommended antenatal care visits (≥8 vs. <8 visits) was higher among obstetricians in Mount Lebanon or Beirut compared to other areas in Lebanon (72.7%vs.48.6%; p-value <0.01). Provision of tetanus or diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccination was lower for obstetricians who provide care for women who pay out-of-pocket compared to obstetricians who provide care to women who use other payment methods (25.3%vs.45.7%; p-value = 0.024). Group B streptococcus screening test and the provision of at least five ultrasounds were higher among obstetricians who provide care in private clinics or clinics in private hospitals compared to clinics in public hospitals or primary healthcare centers (88.8%vs.66.7%; p-value = 0.023) and (83.6%vs.55.6%; p-value = 0.011), respectively. Reinforcing the adherence to all antenatal care guidelines by continuous monitoring of health facilities is crucial for best practice. Subsidies for essential services may be required for those who are unable to afford components of antenatal care.
The role of connectivity on malaria dynamics across areas with contrasting control coverage in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Carrasco-Escobar Gabriel , Villa Diego , Barja Antony , Lowe Rachel , Llanos-Cuentas Alejandro , Benmarhnia Tarik
Published: November 2024

Network analysis may improve the understanding of malaria epidemiology in rural areas of the Amazon region by explicitly representing the relationships between villages as a proxy for human population mobility. This study tests a comprehensive set of connectivity metrics and their relationship with malaria incidence across villages with contrasting PAMAFRO (a malaria control initiative) coverage levels in the Loreto department of Peru using data from the passive case detection reports from the Peruvian Ministry of Health between 2011 and 2018 at the village level. A total of 24 centrality metrics were computed and tested on 1608 nodes (i.e., villages/cities). Based on its consistency and stability, the betweenness centrality type outperformed other metrics. No appreciable differences in the distributions of malaria incidence were found when using different weights, including population, deforested area, Euclidian distance, or travel time. Overall, villages in the top quintile of centrality have a higher malaria incidence in comparison with villages in the bottom quintile of centrality (Mean Difference in cases per 1000 population; P. vivax = 165.78 and P. falciparum = 76.14). The mean difference between villages at the top and bottom centrality quintiles increases as PAMAFRO coverage increases for both P. vivax (Tier 1 = 155.36; Tier 2 = 176.22; Tier 3 = 326.08) and P. falciparum (Tier 1 = 48.11; Tier 2 = 95.16; Tier 3 = 139.07). The findings of this study support the shift in current malaria control strategies from targeting specific locations based on malaria metrics to strategies based on connectivity neighborhoods that include influential connected villages.
An energy-aware protocol in wireless sensor networks using the scattered search algorithm and fuzzy logic
Authors: Tabatabaei Shayesteh
Published: November 2024

Given the resource limitations of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy conservation is of utmost importance. Moreover, minimizing data collection delays is crucial to maintaining data freshness. Additionally, it is desirable to increase the number of collected data samples to enhance accuracy and robustness in data collection. For this purpose, this research article proposes a clustering-based routing protocol aimed at maximizing the delivery of data samples while minimizing energy consumption and data collection delays. The protocol employs a scattered search algorithm and fuzzy logic to cluster the sensor nodes. By considering the distance to the sink and the remaining energy level of the battery, the network is dynamically divided into clusters using a lightweight clustering approach. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulations were conducted in OPNET using the AFSRP protocol. The results demonstrate superior performance of the proposed method in terms of end-to-end delay by 13.44%, media access delay by 75.2%, throughput rate by 20.55%, energy consumption by 13.52%, signal-to-noise ratio by 43.40% and delivery rate of successfully sending data to the sink is 0.21% higher than the well-known AFSRP method.
Research on the sentiment recognition and application of allusive words based on text semantic enhancement
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Wang Hao , Shi Bin , Bu Wenru
Published: November 2024

In the era of digital intelligence empowerment, the data-driven approach to the mining and organization of humanistic knowledge has ushered in new development opportunities. However, current research on allusions, an important type of humanities data, mainly focuses on the adoption of a traditional paradigm of humanities research. Conversely, little attention is paid to the application of auto-computing techniques to allusive resources. In light of this research gap, this work proposes a model of allusive word sentiment recognition and application based on text semantic enhancement. First, explanatory texts of 36,080 allusive words are introduced for text semantic enhancement. Subsequently, the performances of different deep learning-based approaches are compared, including three baselines and two optimized models. The best model, ERNIE-RCNN, which exhibits a 6.35% improvement in accuracy, is chosen for the sentiment prediction of allusive words based on text semantic enhancement. Next, according to the binary relationships between allusive words and their source text, explanatory text, and sentiments, the overall and time-based distribution regularities of allusive word sentiments are explored. In addition, the sentiments of the source text are inferred according to the allusive word sentiments. Finally, the LDA model is utilized for the topic extraction of allusive words, and the sentiments and topics are fused to construct an allusive word-sentiment theme relationship database, which provides two modes for the semantic association and organization of allusive resources. The empirical results show that the proposed model can achieve the discovery and association of allusion-related humanities knowledge.
Data science and automation in the process of theorizing: Machine learning’s power of induction in the co-duction cycle
Authors: Kolkman Daan , Lee Gwendolyn K. , van Witteloostuijn Arjen
Published: November 2024

Recent calls to take up data science either revolve around the superior predictive performance associated with machine learning or the potential of data science techniques for exploratory data analysis. Many believe that these strengths come at the cost of explanatory insights, which form the basis for theorization. In this paper, we show that this trade-off is false. When used as a part of a full research process, including inductive, deductive and abductive steps, machine learning can offer explanatory insights and provide a solid basis for theorization. We present a systematic five-step theory-building and theory-testing cycle that consists of: 1. Element identification (reduction); 2. Exploratory analysis (induction); 3. Hypothesis development (retroduction); 4. Hypothesis testing (deduction); and 5. Theorization (abduction). We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, which we refer to as co-duction, in a vignette where we study firm growth with real-world observational data.
Effects of pain neuroscience education combined with neuromuscular exercises on pain, functional disability and psychological factors in chronic low back pain: A study protocol for a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alvani Ehsan , Sheikhi Bahram , Letafatkar Amir , Rossettini Giacomo
Published: November 2024

Objective

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent health condition worldwide. Several therapeutic interventions aim to improve CLBP. Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) helps patients better understand their pain from biological and physiological perspectives, which clinicians use to reduce pain and disability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Neuromuscular exercises (NMS) are also treatments adopted in CLBP. This study will investigate whether PNE combined with an NMS program improves pain, functional and psychological outcomes more than NMS alone in patients with CLBP.

Methods

In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 60 patients (male and female; age range, 30–60 years) diagnosed with CLBP will be randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (1) PNE plus NMS (n = 30; 24 sessions of PNE plus NMS in a total of 8 weeks, 3 each week), and (2) NMS alone (n = 30; 24 sessions of NMS sessions in a total of 8 weeks, 3 each week). Outcome assessors will be blinded to the group allocation. The primary outcome will be pain. Secondary outcomes will be disability, fear-avoidance beliefs about work and physical activity, self-efficacy, exercise anxiety, and kinesiophobia. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 6 months post-intervention.

Discussion

The findings of this RCT will help shed light on new treatment strategies to address the biopsychosocial dimensions of CLBP. The study protocol will be conducted in a clinical setting, offering the opportunity for future implementation in healthcare systems. Moreover, it will help clarify whether a combined treatment (PNE with NMS) is more effective than NMS alone for improving pain, functional and psychological outcomes in CLBP.

Trial registration

Study registration: The study was prospectively registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials—IRCT20190427043384N2 (https://www.irct.ir/trial/69146). Registered on March 17, 2023.
Dual-Wide Multi-Band (DWMB) four-port flexible MIMO antenna for on-body multiple wireless applications including high diversity performance
Authors: Sharma Manish , Sharma Kanhaiya , Rao Kapula Prabhakara , Nayyar Anand , Bilal Muhammad
Published: November 2024

The single-input-single-output technology experiences loss of data in the communication channel due to the receiving antenna undergoing fading of the signal impinged on it. Today’s need is faster data transfer with multiple applications in the single antenna with multiple-identical radiating elements, leading to multiple-input-multiple-outputDWMB (MIMODWMB) technology. The MIMODWMB configuration with multi-band capability is the objective of the proposed work with applications ranging between microwave-millimeterWave bands. The four-port Dual-Wide Multi-Band (DWMB) MIMODWMB antenna radiating electro-magnetic-energy is proposed, which generates measured bandwidths of 7.27GHz-34.32GHz (Band 1) and 46.54GHz-71.52GHz (Band 2) including applications Up-link/Down-link Satellite System, X-Band, Ku-Band, ISM 24.0GHz (24.0GHz-24.25GHz), 24.0GHz UWB Band (21.65GHz-26.65GHz), n258, n257/n261 and n263 V-band. The proposed antenna technology is printed on Rogers’s low permittivity substrate with a hexagon patch etched with dual merged-elliptical slot and three identical circular slots to achieve high impedance matching for Band 1. The partial-ground is etched by a rectangular slot for better impedance matching, and two-thin-etched rectangular slits generate 60.0GHz Band 2. The thin substrate, thickness 0.254mm, is utilized for flexible applications without compromising the operation of dual wide bandwidths. The flexible antenna is also subjected to analysis of Specific-Absorption-Rate (SAR) analysis at key frequencies within both the bands and found to be within the standard limit of 1.60W/Kg for 1g of the human tissue model and corresponds to 1.01W/Kg at 10.0GHz, 0.280W/Kg at 15.0GHz, 0.475W/Kg at 26.0GHz, 0.588W/Kg at 28.0GHz & 0.301W/Kg at 60.0GHz. The high diversity performance with Envelope Correlation Coefficient<0.50, Diversity Gain≈10.0dB, Total Active Reflection Coefficent<0dB, Channel Capacity Loss<0.40b/s/Hz and multi-band capability for mobile users make the proposed work suitable for flexible on-body applications in a wireless environment. The proposed work MIMODWMB antenna offers advantages such as reduced size (20mm×24mm: 0.61λ0×0.74λ0 at λ0 = 7.27GHz) and a wide range of impedance bandwidths, which are useful for several applications. Also, due to the flexible nature of the design, they can be used for future on-body wearable applications.
Electromyographic parameters for treatment of pelvic floor disorders in pregnant and postpartum women: A review protocol
Authors: Leitão Alethéa Cury Rabelo , Lira Silvia Oliveira Ribeiro , Viana Elizabel de Souza Ramalho
Published: November 2024

Electromyography is a widely used instrument in clinical practice to evaluate and treat pelvic floor disorders in pregnant and postpartum women. The objective of this study is to analyze the scientific evidence on the electromyography parameters used for treatment of pelvic floor disorders in pregnant women in any gestational week and postpartum women up to 12 months after delivery. A systematic review of randomized controlled experimental studies (clinical trials) and quasi-experimental studies in English, Portuguese or Spanish, which used electromyography as an intervention for treatment of pelvic floor disorders in pregnant or postpartum women up to 12 months after delivery will be performed in online databases (Scopus, Medline, Pedro, Scielo and Pubmed),. Risk of bias assessment will be performed using Cochrane group tools. The Rob 2.0 tool will be used for experimental studies and the Robins-I tool for non-experimental studies. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (no.433510). The quality of the evidence will be analyzed using the GRADE System Methodological Guide and the systematic review structure will be performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
The impact of serum potassium ion variability on 28-day mortality in ICU patients
Authors: Zhang YuChou , Liang ShengDe , Wen HanChun
Published: November 2024

Objective

Potassium ion disorders are prevalent among patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), yet there is a notable deficiency in established protocols and supplemental plans for potassium management. This retrospective study conducted at a single center aims to explore the relationship between potassium levels, their variability, and the 28-day mortality rate in ICU patients.

Methods

This study analyzed data from patients admitted to the ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between October 2022 and October 2023. We assessed serum potassium variability using the coefficient of variation and categorized it into four quartile groups (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). Additionally, patients were classified into six groups based on serum potassium concentrations. The associations between these categories and the 28-day mortality rate were evaluated using binary logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

A total of 506 patients and 12,099 potassium measurements were analyzed. The group with the lowest potassium variability (Q1) exhibited the lowest mortality rate at 21% (P<0.01). It is noteworthy that within 28 days in the intensive care unit (ICU), the coefficient of variation (CV) of potassium levels significantly increased among deceased patients compared to surviving patients (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Significant variability in potassium levels is associated with an increased risk of 28-day mortality among ICU patients, underscoring the need for stringent monitoring and management of potassium levels in this population.
Comparison of hematologic parameters, serum electrolytes, and lipid profiles among dyspeptic patients with and without Helicobacter pylori infection attending Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Sarbecha Negussie , Fikade Minale , Wondimnew Tesaka , Kene Kumsa , Kebede Negawo , Gebresillasie Habtemariam , Assefa Zerihun
Published: November 2024

Background

About half of the world’s populations are infected with Helicobacter pylori, which may create atherogenic lipid profiles and contribute to atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, it has been connected to hematological symptoms like anemia. Even though the high prevalence of H.pylori and its associated complications, including cardiovascular disease and anemia, in Ethiopia, there is little data regarding the risk factors associated with H.pylori infection, such as hematologic parameters, electrolyte imbalances, and lipid profiles.

Methods

A comparative cross-sectional study design with a consecutive sampling technique was employed at Jimma Medical Center among 108 dyspeptic patients. Five (5) ml of blood samples were collected from each participant, and serum was extracted and analyzed using a COBAS 6000 core for the lipid and electrolyte, and whole blood was used with a SYSMEX XN 550 to determine hematological parameters. Data were entered in to Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Simple descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used to present the socio-demographic characteristics of the study subjects. Student t-test was used for data comparison and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

H.pylori infected patients had significantly decreased levels of red blood cell count (p = 0.002), hemoglobin (p = 0.012), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p < 0.001), platelet count (p = 0.001), and sodium level (p = 0.006) when compared to the uninfected group. However, total cholesterol (p = 0.001), and low density lipoprotein (p = 0.021) were increased in H.pylori infected patients when compared to the uninfected group.

Conclusions

This study revealed that H.pylori infection can cause derangements of hematologic parameters, electrolyte imbalances, and alterations of lipid parameters which considered as risk factors for anemia and cardiovascular diseases.
Exploring Internet of Things adoption challenges in manufacturing firms: A Delphi Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process approach
Authors: Shahriar Hasan , Islam Md. Saiful , Jahin Md Abrar , Ridoy Istiyaque Ahmed , Prottoy Raihan Rafi , Abid Adiba , Mridha M. F.
Published: November 2024

Innovation is key to gaining a sustainable edge in an increasingly competitive global manufacturing landscape. For Bangladesh’s manufacturing sector to survive and thrive in today’s cutthroat business environment, adopting transformative technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) is not a luxury but a necessity. This article tackles the formidable task of identifying and comprehensively evaluating the impediments to IoT adoption in the Bangladeshi manufacturing industry. We delve deeply into the complex terrain of IoT adoption challenges by synthesizing expert insights and a meticulously selected body of contemporary literature. We employ a robust methodology combining the Delphi method with the fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process to systematically analyze and prioritize these challenges. Using this methodology, we leveraged the combined expertise of domain specialists and subsequently employed fuzzy logic techniques to address the inherent ambiguities and uncertainties within the data. Our findings highlight this clear path. They reveal that among the myriad barriers, “Lack of top management commitment to implementing new technology” (B10), “High initial implementation investment costs” (B9), and “Risks associated with switching to a new business model” (B7) loom most extensive, demanding immediate attention. These insights are not confined to academia but serve as a pragmatic guide for industrial managers. Armed with the knowledge gleaned from this study, managers can craft tailored strategies, set well-informed priorities, and embark on a transformational journey toward harnessing the vast potential of IoT in the Bangladeshi industrial sector. This article provides a comprehensive understanding of IoT adoption challenges and industry leaders with the tools necessary to navigate these challenges effectively. This strategic navigation, in turn, contributes significantly to enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of Bangladeshi manufacturing in the IoT era.
Absolute concentration estimation of COVID-19 convalescent and post-vaccination IgG antibodies
Authors: Klegerman Melvin E. , Peng Tao , Seferovich Ira , Rahbar Mohammad H. , Hessabi Manouchehr , Tahanan Amirali , Wanger Audrey , Grimes Carolyn Z. , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis Z. , Koster Kent , Cirillo Jeffrey D. , Abeydeera Dinuka , De Lira Steve , McPherson David D.
Published: November 2024

Soon after commencement of the SARS-CoV-2 disease outbreak of 2019 (COVID-19), it became evident that the receptor-binding domain of the viral spike protein is the target of neutralizing antibodies that comprise a critical element of protective immunity to the virus. This study addresses the relative lack of information regarding actual antibody concentrations and binding affinities in convalescent plasma (CP) samples from COVID-19 patients and extends these analyses to post-vaccination (PV) samples to estimate protective IgG antibody (Ab) levels. A direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure IgG anti-spike protein (SP) antibodies (Abs) relative to human chimeric spike S1 Ab standards. Microplate wells were coated with recombinant SP. Affinities of Ab binding to SP were determined by previously described methods. Binding affinities were also determined in an RBD-specific sandwich ELISA. Two indices of protective immunity were determined as permutations of Ab molar concentration divided by affinity as dissociation constant (KD). The range and geometric means of Ab concentrations in 21 CP and 21 PV samples were similar and a protective Ab level of 7.5 μg/ml was determined for the latter population, based on 95% of the normal distribution of the PV population. A population (n = 21) of plasma samples from individuals receiving only one vaccination with the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines (PtV) exhibited a geometric mean Ab concentration significantly (p < 0.03) lower than the PV population. The results of this study have implications for future vaccine development, projection of protective efficacy duration, and understanding of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Family care and predictors of the disabled elderly in China: A cross-sectional study based on the Anderson model
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Wang Li
Published: November 2024

In light of China’s progressively aging population, family care with the "warmth of affection" has always been an irreplaceable form of care that meets the wishes of the majority of disabled elderly to enjoy their twilight years comfortably. Data from a follow-up survey on the influencing factors of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2018 and the Anderson Model was used as a theoretical framework to analyze the influencing factors using a binary logistic regression model. Children were the main providers of care services among disabled elderly in family care. Family care for disabled elderly was influenced by the combined effects of age (P < 0.01), gender (P < 0.05), marital status (P < 0.01), number of children (P < 0.01), housing ownership (P < 0.05), primary carer preference (P < 0.05), and self-assessed health (P < 0.01) were jointly affected. As a result, it’s critical to set up a strong social support network that is focused on family caregiving and includes tailored interventions based on the requirements of disabled elderly and family caregivers.
Correlations between nutritional indicators and cognitive function in patients with stable schizophrenia in a hospital setting
Authors: Wang Binyou , Zhou Yong , Yu Han , Jiang Techeng , Liu Kezhi , Pu Jianlin , Wang Yilin
Published: November 2024

Background and objectives

Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia, and it is now clear that there is a link between nutritional indicators and cognitive functioning. This study aimed to investigate correlations between three nutritional indicators (prognostic nutritional index [PNI], geriatric nutritional risk index [GNRI], and controlling nutritional status score [CONUT]) and cognitive function in hospitalized patients with stable schizophrenia.

Methods

A total of 235 patients who were hospitalized with stable schizophrenia were included. Patient demographic information was collected through self-reports or electronic medical records, and cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in China (MoCA-C). Information on serum albumin and total cholesterol levels, lymphocyte counts, and body mass index during the stable stage of schizophrenia was collected to calculate the PNI, GNRI, and CONUT scores, according to their respective calculation criteria. Covariate-adjusted linear regression model and ordered logistic regression model were constructed to determine the relationship between nutritional indicators and cognitive function.

Results

Overall, 90.2% of the patients were under the age of 60 years, and males comprised 60% of all patients. The median scores for MoCA-C, PNI, GNRI, and CONUT in hospitalized patients with stable schizophrenia were 18 (12,23), 52.85 (50.25,55.90), 110.85 (105.80,116.21), and 3 (3,3), respectively. The results of the correlation analysis showed that only PNI was associated with MoCA-C scores (r = 0.15, P = 0.021). This relationship was further confirmed by covariate-adjusted linear regression modeling (β = 0.147, 95%CI:0.049–0.351, p = 0.01) and ordered logistic regression modeling (OR = 0.054, 95%CI:0.001–0.106, p = 0.046).

Conclusions

The findings revealed a significant correlation between PNI scores and MoCA-C scores in hospitalized patients with stable schizophrenia.
A new statistical distribution via the Phi-4 equation with its wide-ranging applications
Authors: Alharbi Yousef F. , Abd El-Bar Ahmed M. T. , Abdelrahman Mahmoud A. E. , Gemeay Ahmed M.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a new framework based on nonlinear partial differential equations and statistics. For the nonlinear Phi-4 equation, the probability density function of the hyperbolic secant (HS) distribution has been obtained. Our model’s density has various shapes, including left-skewed, symmetric, and right-skewed. Eight distinct estimation approaches have been employed to estimate the parameters of our model. Additionally, the behavior of the HS model parameters was investigated using randomly generated data sets using these estimation techniques. Furthermore, we illustrate the applicability of the HS distribution for modeling real data by applying our results to real data. As a result, it is expected that our proposal will be of significant assistance to the community investigating new distributions based on hyperbolic functions and their applications to real-world data sets.
Comparison of two proxies for the preconception weight using data from a pre-pregnancy cohort in Benin: Weight measured in the first trimester of pregnancy vs estimated by Thomas’ formula
Authors: Yovo Emmanuel , Accrombessi Manfred , Briand Valérie , Agbota Gino , Hounkonnou Cornelia , Alao Jules , Zeitlin Jennifer , Traissac Pierre , Martin-Prevel Yves
Published: November 2024

Accurate determination of pre-pregnancy weight is essential for optimal pregnancy monitoring and antenatal care. Determining pre-pregnancy weight in limited-resources settings is challenging for both clinical practice and public health research. From a 2014–2017 pre-pregnancy cohort in Benin, we evaluated the agreement between the measured pre-pregnancy weight (MPPW) and two proxies: (i) the first trimester pregnancy weight (FTPW) and (ii) the estimated pre-pregnancy weight (EPPW) using Thomas & al. formula. We analysed data from 302 pregnant women with both pre-pregnancy weight measured within 3 months before conception and weight measured during the first trimester. Using segmented linear regression, we first assessed up to which gestational age the weight measured during the first trimester could reasonably estimate the MPPW. Then the Bland & Altman method was used to assess agreement between MPPW and the two proxies. Additional analyses were performed to assess the sensitivity of results to the timing of measurement of either MPPW or the two proxies. On average, FTPW did not feature significant difference with MPPW up to 13.03 (11.99–14.06) weeks of gestational age. FTPW, measured on average at 7 ± 2.4 weeks of gestation, and the EPPW showed similar Bland & Altman limits of agreement with the MPPW. However, while the FTPW slightly underestimated the MPPW by a mean of—0.16 (-0.08; +0.39) kg, the EPPW overestimated it by a mean of + 0.43 (+0.20; +0.66) kg. Minor differences in these results were observed when the MPPW was assessed earlier or within three months before pregnancy, or according to the gestational age at the time of the proxy’s measurement. In conclusion, in Southern Benin and up to 12–14 weeks of pregnancy, the FTPW appeared to be a good proxy of the MPPW while using Thomas’ formula did not enhance pre-pregnancy weight estimation.
Associations between obstructive sleep apnea risk and urinary incontinence: Insights from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Li Bo , Li Feng , Xie Xi , Xiang Chenhui , Li Meilin
Published: November 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and urinary incontinence (UI) are two prevalent health conditions with significant impacts on individuals’ quality of life. Although they appear distinct in nature, a growing body of evidence suggests a potential interrelationship between these conditions. Our objective was to explore the association between the risk of OSA and the occurrence of UI within a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Utilizing cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning the years 2015 to 2020, we conducted an analysis on a sample comprising 8,647 adults who provided comprehensive self-reported information on both UI and sleep apnea symptoms. The included cohorts were analyzed based on their sex. We employed the Multivariate Apnea Prediction (MAP) index to evaluate the risk of OSA. Subgroup analyses were conducted, categorizing them according to different types of UI. The association between OSA risk and UI was estimated through multivariable binary logistic regression models. After adjusting for relevant confounders, our results revealed a positive correlation between OSA risk and UI in both males (OR = 5.68, 95% CI = 1.74–18.47) and females (OR = 5.99, 95% CI = 2.68–13.41). The subgroup analysis illustrates that an elevated risk of OSA heightens the likelihood of experiencing stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urge urinary incontinence (UUI), and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) in both male and female populations. Our study findings imply that an elevated risk of OSA exacerbates the likelihood of UI, SUI, UUI and MUI.
Exploring social perceptions of everyday smartglass use in Australia
Authors: Kaviani Fareed , Lyall Ben , Koppel Sjaan
Published: November 2024

Smartglasses like Ray-Ban Stories by Meta are now commercially available, offering users features like photography, videography, music playback, phone calls, and content sharing. While existing research identifies barriers to adoption, no study has investigated the social acceptability of these commercially available devices. This is crucial because devices like Ray-Ban Stories are considered precursors to Augmented Reality-enabled smartglasses, and understanding current public perceptions is vital before further advancements. This study aimed to examine the social acceptability of everyday smartglass use. An online survey recruited 1037 Australian residents aged 18+ (58.6% owners, n = 608; 41.4% non-owners, n = 429). The WEAR scale assessed social acceptability. Owners perceived the device as aligning with their desired self-image, while non-owners expressed stronger concerns regarding privacy, anti-social behaviour, and potential harm. The WEAR scores highlight contrasting expectations between owners and non-owners regarding appropriate technology use, suggesting a potential source of social tension. Further research is needed to understand how individuals negotiate the use of these devices in public spaces.
Tumour assessment of ROR1 levels in various adult leukaemia and lymphoma types
Authors: Silva Manuel A. , Williams Shuntae , Hauert Sylvie , Ovadia Benjamin , Gupta Indu , Waldmeier Lorenz , Jaimes Yarúa , Al-Masri Hytham
Published: November 2024

Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a tumour target currently used for the development of novel therapeutic modalities, such as antibody-drug conjugates, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, and others. Success of these new drugs depends on the selection of relevant indications based on ROR1 tumour prevalence, staining heterogeneity, and subcellular localization, among other parameters. We investigated ROR1 immunophenotype using validated antibody clones for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry (FC), analyzing 292 tumour specimens from 7 haematological malignancies and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) as a reference solid tumour indication. ROR1 prevalence varied significantly across distinct tumour types, showing 100% of ROR1 positivity in all chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (n = 48) and hairy cell leukaemia (n = 14) specimens analyzed via FC with ranges between 1.1–99.8% and 0.8–62.1%, respectively. Samples analysed via IHC showed ROR1 membrane/cytoplasmic positivity in 44% of mantle cell lymphoma tumour samples (n = 27; H-score range: 10–285 in positive cases); 30% in TNBC (n = 46; H-score range: 1–200); 15% in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 45; H-score: 40–250); and 11% in follicular lymphoma (n = 34; H-score: 2–300). Finally, all acute myeloid leukaemia (n = 52) and most T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 31/32) tested samples were negative for ROR1 via IHC. In conclusion, ROR1 shows a heterogeneous tumour cell expression profile across multiple leukaemias and lymphomas, making it a tumour target that would require different patient selection strategies to develop novel therapeutic modalities.
Time to recovery following cataract surgery and its predictors among patients undergoing surgery at two selected Public Hospitals in Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
Authors: Sarmiso Shilota , Tediso Dansamo , Tafese Temesgen , Gari Taye
Published: November 2024

Background

Cataract surgery is a commonly performed procedure aimed at restoring vision in individuals affected by cataracts. The duration of recovery following cataract surgery can vary among patients and is influenced by a multitude of factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the time to recovery from cataracts and its predictors among patients treated with cataract surgery at two selected Public Hospitals in Hawassa, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia.

Methods

Institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 444 cataract patients treated with surgery from January 01, 2019, to December 30, 2021. A simple random sampling method was used to select two public hospitals. The data was collected using Kobo toolbox Version 4 and trained data collectors. STATA Version 16 was used for analysis. To estimate the recovery time and compare survival probability among variables Kaplan-Meir curve and Log-rank test were used. The cox-Proportional hazards model was used to identify significant predictors of time to recovery. The association was reported using the adjusted hazards ratio (AHR) with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI), and the significance level was set at a p-value of 0.05.

Results

This study showed that 76.14% of cataract patients recovered from cataracts. The average time taken to recover from a cataract was 30 weeks (IQR = 15 to 48) 95%, CI, (26–33). Age 40–60 years (AHR = 2.04 CI; 1.12–3.82), urban dwellers (AHR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.13–1.93), medium/high level of visual acuity (AHR = 1.49 CI; 1.14–1.94), secondary cataract (AHR = 1.56 CI; 1.11–2.18) and traumatic cataract (AHR = 1.82 CI; 1.32–2.52) were associated with time to recovery of cataract patients.

Conclusions

According to this study, the time to recovery of cataract patients was slightly high. Cataract patients’ time to recovery was affected by age, residence, pre-operative visual acuity, presence of diabetes mellitus, and post-operative complications. To improve recovery time of cataract patients, treatment strategies must be prioritized.