bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Naungan Plastik dan Fungisida Berbahan Aktif Asam Fosfit terhadap Perkembangan Penyakit dan Produksi Tomat
Authors: Korlina Eli , Latifah Evy , Andri Kuntoro Boga
Published: September 2016

Kendala utama yang dihadapi pada budidaya tomat di musim penghujan ialah serangan penyakit tanaman. Upaya yang telah dilakukan petani ialah dengan menggunakan fungisida. Salah satu alternatif cara pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan, yaitu penanaman tomat menggunakan naungan yang dikombinasikan dengan biofungisida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Karangploso Malang, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Jawa Timur, pada bulan Desember 2013 sampai dengan April 2014, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh naungan plastik dan fungisida berbahan aktif asam fosfit terhadap perkembangan penyakit dan produksi tomat. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama ialah sistem tanam (S) terdiri atas S0 (lahan terbuka) dan S1 (naungan plastik). Faktor kedua ialah jenis fungisida (F) terdiri atas F0 (tanpa fungisida) F1 (fungisida berbahan aktif asam fosfit), F2 (fungisida berbahan aktif azoxystrobin 200 g/l dan difenokonazol 125 g/l). Tiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang empat kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa naungan plastik dan fungisida tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman dan lebar kanopi), namun naungan plastik dan fungisida secara tunggal berpengaruh nyata terhadap perkembangan penyakit layu dan busuk kering. Jumlah dan bobot tomat yang diperoleh dari perlakuan di bawah naungan plastik maupun yang diperlakukan dengan fungisida berbahan aktif asam fosfit, lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan lainnya. Penerapan dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menekan penyakit tanaman tomat dan fungisida berbahan aktif asam fosfit dapat dijadikan substitusi fungisida yang sudah ada.
Kemangkusan Kandidat Biofungisida Berbahan Aktif Bakteri Antagonis terhadap Fusarium oxysporum pada Phalaenopsis
Authors: Djatnika I , Hanudin Hanudin , Nuryani Wakiah
Published: September 2016

Layu fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum pada tanaman anggrek dapat menimbulkan kerusakan tanaman hingga mencapai 40%. Bakteri antagonis B 37 dan B 26 hasil isolasi dari tanaman anggrek efektif mengendalikan penyakit layu fusarium pada tanaman anggrek masing-masing sebesar 65,3 dan 48,9%. Isolat bakteri tersebut belum diidentifikasi, diuji kompatibilitasnya, dan diaplikasikan masih dalam bentuk biakan murni. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah: (a) mengidentifikasi secara biokimia isolat bakteri B 26 dan B 37, (b) mendapatkan formulasi bahan pembawa organik yang kompatibel dengan isolat bakteri B 26 dan atau B 37, serta (c) mengendalikan F. oxysporum pada tanaman anggrek Phalaenopsis dengan menggunakan kedua bakteri tersebut yang sudah dikemas dalam bahan pembawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (a) hasil identifikasi secara biokimia bakteri B 26 dan B 37 ialah Bacillus spp., (b) semua bahan aktif calon biopestisida (Bacillus spp. B 26 dan B 37) kompatibel terhadap bahan pembawa dari bahan alami yang mengandung karbohidrat dan protein minimal, tetapi kurang kompatibel pada media pembawa dari bahan alami yang mengandung karbohidrat dan protein optimal serta air steril, dan (c) perlakuan Bacillus spp. B26 atau B 37 dalam media pembawa yang mengandung karbohidrat dan protein minimal atau disuspensikan dalam air (disuspensikan dalam air setiap akan dilakukan perlakuan) yang diaplikasikan dengan merendam benih selama 1 jam yang kemudian diikuti dengan penyemprotan tanaman setiap 7 hari, efektif mengendalikan penyakit layu fusarium pada anggrek Phalaenopsis.
Mengatasi Cemaran Getah Kuning pada Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana) dengan Aplikasi Kalsium dan Teknologi Lubang Resapan Biopori
Authors: Kurniadinata Odit Ferry , Poerwanto Roedhy , Efendi Darda , Wachjar Ade
Published: September 2016

Cemaran getah kuning pada buah manggis akan menurunkan kualitas buah. Cemaran getah kuning terjadi pada saat getah mencemari permukaan kulit buah atau aril akibat pecahnya saluran getah kuning. Pecahnya saluran getah kuning berkaitan dengan keberadaan kalsium dalam pericarp buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendapatkan dosis dan sumber kalsium  terbaik dan efisien dalam menurunkan cemaran getah kuning pada buah manggis, (2) mengetahui pengaruh lubang resapan biopori di dalam usaha mengatasi cemaran getah kuning pada buah manggis, dan (3) mengetahui kombinasi terbaik dari aplikasi kalsium dan lubang resapan biopori untuk meningkatkan serapan dan translokasi kalsium ke buah dan dapat menanggulangi cemaran getah kuning pada buah manggis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) pemberian kalsium, baik bersumber dari dolomit maupun kalsit, mampu menurunkan cemaran getah kuning pada aril maupun kulit buah manggis, (2) berdasarkan efisiensi dan efektifitas maka dosis pupuk kalsium sebesar 1,6 kg kalsium kalsit/pohon/tahun menjadi dosis terbaik dalam mengatasi cemaran getah kuning, (3) teknologi lubang resapan biopori dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan akar muda yang selanjutnya dapat meningkatkan serapan kalsium dan menurunkan cemaran getah kuning setelah 2 tahun aplikasi, (4) kombinasi 1,6 kg kalsium kalsit/pohon/tahun dengan teknologi lubang resapan biopori (LRB) merupakan teknik yang efektif dan mampu meningkatkan persentase produksi buah manggis berkualitas bebas cemaran getah kuning.
Law for «bloggers»: law enforcement practice
Authors: Dorsky Andrej Yurievich
Published: September 2016

The article presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis of judicial decisions under article 10.2 of the Federal law of 27.07.2006 №149-FL «About information, information technologies and protection of information», are presented the results of the monitoring of compliance with the requirements of the Law's most popular bloggers. The conclusion about the lack of practical value of this article for enforcement.
Civil-law regulation of corporate contracts under the legislation of the Russian Federation
Authors: Burmistrova Alexandra Andreevna
Published: September 2016

The article discusses the importance, content and conditions of validity of corporate contracts.
Problems of legal regulation of credit organizations employees' work and the ways for their solution
Authors: Vereshchak Svetlana Borisovna , Ivanova Olga Andreevna
Published: September 2016

Legal and organizational aspects of regulation of work of employees (serving) banks and other credit organizations are considered. Specifics of activity of banks and other credit organizations attract need of improvement of the legislation governing the labor relations in this sphere for the purpose of reduction in compliance of established practices and standard legal support. Problems of absence of unity of terminology in the legal acts which are the cornerstone of regulation of work of employees of banks come to light; features of work of bank workers that doesn't allow to provide full protection of their labor law aren't defined; the set of shortcomings of system of compensation in the bank sphere takes place. Conclusions about need of improvement of the existing labor and banking legislation, and also local legal acts of banks for the sphere of the organization of work and its payment are drawn. Elimination of the revealed shortcomings, according to authors, will allow to strengthen legal guarantees of work of employees of banks.
Śmierć za śmierć?
Authors: Grosfeld Jan
Published: September 2016

W artykule Śmierć za śmierć Jan Grosfeld stawia pytanie o wewnętrzną sprzeczność nauczania Kościoła katolickiego, który dopuszczając w Katechizmie, choć zupełnie wyjątkowo, karę śmierci wydaje się zgadzać na zanegowanie orędzia życia, jakie niesie Jezus Chrystus. Autor argumentuje, iż o ile można rozumieć, że prawo państwowe stanowiło i w wielu miejscach naszego globu nadal stanowi karę śmierci, to nauczanie Ciała Chrystusa powinno jednoznacznie i ostatecznie odrzucić tę karę.
Kościół wobec kary śmierci
Authors: Salij OP Jacek
Published: September 2016

W artykule Kościoł wobec kary śmierci o. Jacek Salij OP ukazuje przemiany, jakie następowały w stosunku do kary śmierci w łonie chrześcijaństwa, jak również we współczesnym nauczaniu Kościoła Katolickiego. Autor wyjaśnia dlaczego Kościół jednocześnie uznaje, iż należy z niej współcześnie zrezygnować, ale jej całkowicie nie odrzuca.
Dylematy kary śmierci na antropologicznym tle
Authors: Stawrowski Zbigniew
Published: September 2016

Artykuł Dylematy kary śmierci na antropologicznym tle autorstwa Zbigniewa Stawrowskiego ukazuje antropologiczne zakorzenienie różnych, obecnych w publicznej dyskusji, podejść do kary śmierci na gruncie filozoficznym broni tezy o nieodzowności istnienia kary śmierci w prawie państwowym, argumentując za zgodnością takiego rozwiązania z chrześcijańskim spojrzeniem na człowieka.
Estudo da transferência de calor durante a injeção de vapor em poços de petróleo
Authors: Junior Elcio Dias , Romero Oldrich Joel
Published: September 2016

Os métodos de recuperação especial são fundamentais quando o assunto em pauta é a produção de óleos pesados. Cientes de que as reservas mundiais desta classe de hidrocarbonetos são bastante significativas, entender estes mecanismos torna-se extremamente relevante para um engenheiro de petróleo ou outro profissional da área. Os métodos térmicos respondem pela maior parte da aplicação dos métodos especiais de recuperação e são também os que mais avançaram tecnologicamente ao longo das últimas décadas. Uma das principais tecnologias utilizadas é a de injeção de vapor, que visa principalmente diminuir a viscosidade do óleo e consequentemente aumentar sua mobilidade. Um desafio enfrentado pelas companhias que geram e injetam vapor é a redução da perda de calor para o ambiente. Seja através da otimização do layout, seja através da utilização de Unidades de Geração de Vapor móveis, o que importa é conseguir reduzir as perdas para que o vapor saturado chegue até a zona produtora com o título mais próximo possível ao original. Para isso, torna-se necessário entender os mecanismos de transferência de calor e as principais causas das perdas aplicadas aos sistemas de injeção. Este trabalho torna-se ainda mais interessante quando aplicado no simulador Pipesim® da Schlumberger levando em conta informações de campos de produção onshore. Até o presente, foram obtidos resultados satisfatórios que relacionam o título, a pressão e a temperatura do vapor sempre relacionado ao comprimento total da linha e da coluna de injeção. O artigo conclui que a depender do comprimento total e das condições de contorno, o vapor perderá consideravelmente sua qualidade e consequentemente poderá tornar a operação inviável do ponto de vista produtivo.
Estudo da troca de calor em oleodutos terrestres
Authors: Pereira Isabela Braga , Saad Hugo Candia , Romero Oldrich Joel
Published: September 2016

Ferramentas computacionais de simulação de escoamento multifásico em dutos de transporte de petróleo são de grande importância para determinação da viabilidade econômica da produção em campos petrolíferos. O presente artigo apresenta a modelagem matemática e numérica do escoamento bifásico de petróleo em um duto onshore parcialmente submerso. O comportamento bifásico do óleo pesado de 13,2 ºAPI é traduzido pela correlação de Dukler. A viscosidade do óleo é considerada dependente da temperatura e da densidade API do óleo mediante a correlação de Hossain. O duto transporta o petróleo desde uma estação coletora até um centro de armazenamento e é formada por três trechos. O primeiro e terceiro trechos são não aterrados e estão em contato com o meio ambiente externo. O trecho intermediário é assentado no leito de um rio e é a parte crítica do oleoduto, pois, elevadas perdas de calor são observadas. A influência de diferentes diâmetros do duto nos gradientes de pressão e de temperatura foi analisada com o auxílio do software Pipesim®.
Uma estratégia de implementação paralela eficiente de uma heurísticas de particionamento de grafos aplicado à simulação de escoamento multifásico
Authors: Da Silva Roney P. , Da Silva Leonardo Rogerio Binda
Published: September 2016

O Problema de Particionamento de Grafos (PPG) possui várias aplicações em diferentes áreas, tal como no projeto de circuitos VLSI (Very-large-scale integration), resolução de métodos numéricos para simulação de problemas que incluem fatoração de matrizes esparsas e particionamento de malhas de elementos finitos para aplicação de programação paralela. Entre suas aplicações, o foco deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma solução paralela para esse problema aplicado à simulação de fluxo multifásico em meios porosos para recuperação de petróleo. Como resultado, as partições criadas permitem particionar o espaço discretizado de maneira que os mesmos seja simulados em paralelo. O PPG tende a ser NP-difícil e soluções ótimas para o problema são impossíveis quando o número de vértices do grafo é muito grande. Muitas heuristicas e metaheurística já foram propostos e usados para resolver o PPG com o objetivo de alcançar bons resultados, uma vez que resultados garantidamente ótimos não são obtidos na prática. Este trabalho propõe uma solução paralela eficiente para o PPG baseado na implementação de heurísticas existentes em uma plataforma computacional paralela do tipo Cluster. A solução proposta melhora o tempo de execução do algoritmo e, através da introdução de algumas características de aleatoriedade na heurística original, melhora a qualidade das partições criadas.
Eficiência energética dos resíduos sólidos por meio da coleta seletiva e processos de recuperação
Authors: Ferri Giovane Lopes , Chaves Gisele de Lorena Diniz
Published: September 2016

A população brasileira, bem como suas cidades cresce de forma desestruturada, o que impacta no aumento da produção, no estimulo do consumo e na consequente geração de Resíduos Sólidos (RS), contrariando a ideologia dos 3R’s (reduzir, reutilizar e reciclar). A partir de uma ordem de prioridade, busca-se reduzir a quantidade de resíduos e rejeitos encaminhados para disposição final ambientalmente adequada. Desta forma a Análise do Ciclo de Vida de um produto, processo ou atividade permite avaliar o impacto ambiental de bens e serviços. Assim, este artigo busca relacionar a utilização de funções logísticas com o atendimento às exigências legais para gestão dos resíduos sólidos, com vistas a evidenciar a eficiência energética alcançada na otimização dos transportes destes resíduos. A logística, por meio da racionalização de suas instalações e transporte pode minimizar o impacto na rede reversa para aproveitamento de resíduos e disposição adequada dos rejeitos.
Freezing, thawing and aging improves the tenderness of chuck muscles from young bulls of different phenotypes
Authors: Rubio-Lozano María Salud , Pérez-Buitrón Esmeralda Vanessa , Méndez-Medina Rubén Danilo , Chávez-Gómez Adrián , Delgado-Suárez Enrique Jesús
Published: September 2016

We evaluated eleven chuck muscles from phenotypically selected Brahman (BR, n =10) and Charolais (CH, n =10) young bull carcasses for the effect of freezing, thawing, and aging for 2, 9, 16, and 23 days on Warner-Bratzler shear force(WBSF) Splenius, infraspinatus, teres major, rhomboideus, and subscapularis from both phenotypes, and complexus from CH had tender (≤ 40 N) 9 d WBSF values. No further improvement in WBSF was observed beyond 9 days of aging. Overall, we observed freezing, thawing and aging of several chuck muscles from young bulls significantly improves beef tenderness. Further studies would help optimizing this tenderization strategy and assess its potential impact on other meat quality attributes.
Effect of prostaglandin F2α administration during the first postpartum hours on the serum calcium concentration of dairy cows
Authors: Salgado-Hernández Eligio Gabriel , Bouda Jan , Aparicio-Cecilio-A Adolfo , Doubek Jaroslav , Velásquez-Forero Francisco Hernany
Published: September 2016

Subclinical hypocalcemia occurs frequently in dairy cows and predisposes them to reproductive pathologies. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) improves uterine health and increases the level of serum calcitriol in other species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium cloprostenol on serum calcium, metabolites of vitamin D and reproductive variables. Eighty multiparous Holstein cows were selected and randomized into two groups. The cows in Group 1 (n = 38) were treated with 500 µg of I M sodium cloprostenol, a synthetic analog of PGF2α, at 1 and 48 h postpartum. Group 2 was the control group (n = 42). Blood samples were taken from 10 animals per group at 1, 3, 12, 24, 48 h and 7 d postcalving. The incidence of retained placenta, metritis and endometritis and the number of open days were recorded. The concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, calcidiol and calcitriol in the serum were evaluated using an analysis of variance for repeated measures design. The serum Ca concentration was increased up to normalized at day 7 in the PGF2α group compared with the level in the control group. PGF2α treatment increased the serum calcium concentration and reduced the number of open days, and thus, could be useful in preventing subclinical hypocalcemia and postpartum reproductive problems.
In vitro activity of Lasioseius penicilliger (Arachnida: Mesostigmata) against three nematode species: Teladorsagia circumcincta, Meloidogyne sp. and Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: García-Ortiz Noemí , Aguilar-Marcelino Liliana , Mendoza-de-Gives Pedro , López-Arellano María Eugenia , Bautista-Garfias Carlos Ramón , González-Garduño Roberto
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predatory behavior in vitro of the mite Lasioseius penicilliger on 3 nematode species: Teladorsagia circumcincta (L3) (a sheep-parasitic nematode), Meloidogyne sp. (J2) (a plant-parasitic nematode), and on various developmental stages of Caenorhabditis elegans (a free-living nematode). The confrontation between mites and nematodes was individually assessed in 2% water agar placed in plastic Petri dishes (2 cm x 1 cm diameter). One thousand nematodes of a species and 5 mites were placed into each plate (10 replicates) and incubated for 5 days at room temperature (18-25ºC). L. penicilliger showed voracious feeding activity against the 3 assessed nematode species. The percentages of predatory activity recorded were 95.1, 80.5 and 79.3 against Meloidogyne sp., C. elegans, and T. circumcincta, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that L. penicilliger has important potential as a biological control agent of parasitic nematodes.
Viral diversity of bat communities in human-dominated landscapes in Mexico
Authors: Rico-Chávez Oscar , Ojeda-Flores Rafael , Sotomayor-Bonilla Jesús , Zambrana-Torrelio Carlos , Loza-Rubio Elizabeth , Aguirre A. Alonso , Suzan Gerardo
Published: September 2016

Using integrative epidemiologic techniques, we studied the changing relationships (beta and phylogenetic beta diversity) of multihost systems and virus associations in bat communities in fragmented landscapes from Chiapas, Campeche and Greater Mexico City. We combined computing applications, molecular detection, and nucleotide sequencing of coronaviruses, hantaviruses, paramyxoviruses and pegiviruses with ecological and phylogenetic analyses. A total of 22 viruses were discovered in 1,067 samples from 42 bat species, representing an estimated 78% of all viral richness in the system. Based on 17 virus genotypes discovered with an equal sampling effort, a total viral richness of 23 genotypes was estimated using a Chao2 statistic model. Using a residual model, we categorized host species and habitat types that are prone to harboring higher viral richness. Positive relationships were found between phylogenetic host diversity and both viral diversity (r = 0.41, p < 0.05) and viral richness (r = 0.51, p < 0.05). The beta diversity (the rate of change) of viral communities was explained by host beta diversity (r = 0.86, p < 0.05). To understand the change in viral and host communities, we partitioned beta diversity in nestedness (species loss) and turnover (compositional dissimilarity) components. In Chiapas, the host beta diversity was explained by the nestedness of species composition, while the phylogenetic host diversity was explained by turnover of the host lineages. Campeche showed a high phylogenetic host nestedness and low host turnover. Beta-diversity and beta-phylogenetic diversity indicated that patterns of local species assemblages and regional abiotic features in human-dominated landscapes are significant drivers of viral community composition. Our study represents the first effort in Mexico to study the relationship between viral diversity in bat communities in modified landscapes to understand host-virus relationships.
Effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride on the carcass characteristics of Katahdin lamb terminal crosses
Authors: Partida-de-la-Peña José Armando , Casaya-Rodríguez Tania Alejandra , Rubio-Lozano María Salud , Méndez-Medina Rubén Danilo
Published: September 2016

Zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation (0 vs. 0.15 mg/kg live weight) was evaluated based on the carcass characteristics of Katahdin x Charollais (32 KCh) and Katahdin x Dorper (28 KD) crosses. Lambs were fed a mixed ration with 14% crude protein (CP) and 2.9 Mcal EM/kg DM. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized 2 x 2 factorial design: 2 genotypes (KCh and KD) and 2 ZH levels (0 and 0.15 mg/kg live weight). No interaction was found between ZH and the genotypes. Zilpaterol hydrochloride increased dressing percentage from 52.1 ± 0.3 to 53.7 ± 0.4% (P < 0.001). Animals that received ZH supplementation increased (P < 0.001) the area of their Longissimus dorsi (Ld) by 18.5% and had 7.5% more muscle, 6.0% less bone and 22.4% less fat compared with control lambs (P < 0.05). The breed of the sire had no effect on any of the variables studied. Final pH, fat thickness, conformation and linear carcass measurements did not change with ZH supplementation.
Stability of the B. abortus S19 vaccine strain with a eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding the G glycoprotein from the rabies virus
Authors: Pazos-Salazar Nidia G. , Benitez-Serrano Juan C. , Calderón-Chamorro José L. , Hernández-Castro Rigoberto , Díaz-Aparicio Efrén , Aguilar-Setién José A.
Published: September 2016

Brucella abortus S19 is an intracellular vaccine strain against bovine brucellosis. Rabies is a lethal disease in cattle. Plasmids encoding the G glycoprotein from the rabies virus induce a protective immune response in different animal species. A vector called pBBR4-CMV-Ggp-SV40+, which encodes the G gene, regulated by the cytomegalovirus eukaryotic expression promoter, and which can be used to transform the B. abortus S19 vaccine strain, was constructed. The stability of the transformant strain was tested both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro assays, B. abortus S19 pBBR4-CMV-Ggp-SV40+ was grown for 5 sequential passages, and for the in vivo assays, female BALB/c mice were infected. Colony-forming unit counting and plasmid identification were performed in each passage and in the spleens at 7 days post-infection. To test the plasmid stability in the strain, all parameters were determined with and without antibiotic. The bacterial concentration was lower with antibiotic than without it, but the bacterial growth was more homogeneous. The plasmid was identified in antibiotic- and non-antibiotic-treated isolated colonies under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The plasmid construct was also transfected into BHK-21 cells, which express the G glycoprotein. The B. abortus S19 pBBR4-CMV-Ggp-SV40+ strain showed stability, representing a suitable candidate vector for developing a bivalent vaccine against brucellosis and rabies. This is the first time that a Brucella species has been transformed with a eukaryotic expression plasmid.
Ixodes affinis (Acari: Ixodidae) in dogs from rural localities of Yucatán, Mexico: Prevalence, abundance and associated factors
Authors: Solís-Hernández Analilia , Rodríguez-Vivas Roger Ivan , Pérez-Barrera Mario Antonio , Esteve-Gassent María Dolores , Apanaskevich Dmitry A.
Published: September 2016

The present study describes the prevalence and abundance of, as well as factors associated with, Ixodes affinis infestation of dogs from two environments in two rural localities (Tixméhuac with a medium sub-deciduous forest and Opichén with patches of low deciduous forest, cultivated lands, and grasslands) of Yucatán, Mexico. The associated factors were obtained by an X2 analysis and variables where P < 0.2 were subjected to a logistic regression. A total of 33 adult ticks from the genus Ixodes were collected from 144 dogs. The infestation prevalence was found to be 11.11% (16/144) for I. affinis. When considering the prevalence of I. affinis infestation per environment, Tixméhuac had a prevalence of 19.6% (11/56) and Opichén had a prevalence of 5.6% (5/88). The abundance of I. affinis in both environments averaged 2.1 (1–4) ticks/dog. The factors associated with infestations of I. affinis in dogs were the locality of Tixméhuac (OR = 3.70, 95% C.I. = 1.24–11.08, P = 0.001), which is surrounded by a medium sub-deciduous forest, and the use of dogs for hunting in these forested areas (OR = 7.56, 95% C.I. = 1.63–35.04, P = 0.001). This study is the first report of the prevalence and abundance of infestation with I. affinis in dogs in Mexico, which is associated with the access of dogs to adjacent forested areas.
Africanization of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in three climatic regions of northern Mexico
Authors: Medina-Flores Carlos Aurelio , Guzmán-Novoa Ernesto , Hamiduzzaman M. M. , Aguilera-Soto Jairo , López-Carlos Marco Antonio
Published: September 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the process of Africanization of managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies by determining the frequency of African and European morphotypes and mitotypes (mtDNA) in three different ecological environments of northern Mexico. Colonies (n= 151) were sampled in 1) temperate semi-dry; 2) semi-warm semi-dry; and 3) temperate sub-humid regions in the state of Zacatecas. The mtDNA type was determined by PCR-RFLP and the morphotype by the Fast Africanized Bee Identification System (FABIS). Out of all the colonies sampled in all areas, the mtDNA analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of European maternal lineage (77.5%) than of African maternal lineage (22.5%; P <0.0001). The morphometric analysis classified 47% of the colonies as European and 42.4% of them as Africanized. The frequency of colonies with African or European mitotypes and morphotypes varied significantly between regions (P <0.05) with results indicating a higher degree of Africanization in the semi-warm semi-dry region. Conversely, the highest frequency of colonies with the European morphotype and mitotype occurred in the temperate semi-dry region. These results suggest that the environment affects the degree of Africanization of honey bee colonies in northern Mexico. Colonies established at higher altitudes and in more temperate climates have more European genotypes than colonies established in tropical regions. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain these results.
Level of agreement in the recognition of pain among equine practitioners in Chile
Authors: Luna-Fernández Daniela , Yañez-López José Manuel , Tadich-Gallo Tamara Alejandra
Published: September 2016

Pain is a relevant component of animal welfare, and its appropriate recognition is essential for the establishment of effective analgesic therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the level of agreement in the recognition of pain in equines among veterinarians (equine practitioners). The effects of gender and age on pain recognition were also studied. The equine practitioners were asked to use a simple descriptive scale to score 25 digital color photographs of horses experiencing different painful conditions. The kappa coefficient for multiple raters was used to determine the degree of agreement. Descriptive statistics was used to estimate the severity of the pain, and the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used to determine the effect of the rater’s gender and age. Thirty-four equine practitioners replied to the questionnaire. A poor level of agreement between equine practitioners was found (global kappa = 0.2871, CI 95% = 0.2032-0.3702); the agreement was stronger for those painful conditions with higher scores (maximum pain). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found for pain scoring in relation to the practitioner’s age and gender. This study is the first in Chile to explore the level of agreement in the recognition of pain in equines. It emphasizes the poor level of agreement between equine practitioners in the recognition of pain, which could compromise the establishment of appropriate analgesic treatments and result in poor animal welfare. Further studies are required to determine and promote understanding of the factors affecting veterinarians’attitudes towards the recognition and management of pain in equine species.
Association of histological features with potential risk factors and survival in canine mammary tumors
Authors: Salas-Araujo Yaritza Josefina , Aburto Enrique , Alonso Rogelio , Márquez-Alvarado Adelys Antonio , Corona-Monjaras Hortensia , Romero-Romero Laura
Published: September 2016

The epidemiological and clinicopathological features of canine mammary tumors may provide valuable information to facilitate analysis of the behavior of the disease and represent a potential tool for the study of breast cancer in women. The aim of this study was to associate the histological features of canine mammary tumors with potential risk factors and survival. One hundred and seventy-eight mammary tumors were collected from 80 female dogs. The statistical analyses consisted of a series of univariate studies and frequencies of the different study variables, such as a bivariate analysis with the Chi squared test (χ2), a relative risk and Kaplan Meier survival analysis, and a multiple correspondence analysis was used to correlate the tumor’s biological behavior with the dogs’ breed. Most patients were older than 8 years and had at least one malignant tumor, which was usually solitary and measured more than 6 cm; these patients had poor survival. The most frequent tumors were a complex adenoma, benign mixed tumor, carcinoma complex and mixed type carcinoma. The most commonly affected breeds were Poodle, Cocker Spaniel and Dachshund, and the breeds at the highest risk of tumor development were Cocker Spaniel, Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd. Overall, the data indicated that mammary tumors in dogs mainly affected older females with malignant tumors and that there were high mortality and short-term survival rates. However, the most commonly affected breeds were not necessarily the most susceptible. Our data do not support the hypothesis of an increased risk of canine mammary tumors in nulliparous female dogs.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis down-regulates mRNA expression of iron-induced macrophage Ferroportin 1
Authors: Landeros-Sánchez Bertha , Gutierrez-Pabello Jose Angel , Medina-Basulto Gerardo Enrique , Renteria-Evangelista Tomas Benjamin , Díaz-Aparicio Efrén , Oshima Sawako
Published: September 2016

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne’s disease. The mechanisms by which MAP is able to adapt to the innate host response are still unclear. We examined Ferroportin 1 (FPN1) mRNA expression levels via real-time PCR of the mouse macrophage cell line J774 that was incubated in the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) or MAP crude protein extract. Infection with live MAP decreased FPN1 mRNA levels in a multiplicity of infection (MOI)-dependent fashion. Macrophages infected with MOIs of 20:1 and 15:1 did not show any change in FPN1 gene expression, whereas MOIs of 10:1 and 5:1 induced a decrease of 50 and 80%, respectively. Macrophages treated with 50, 100, 150 and 200 µg/mL of MAP crude extract (ATCC19698) decreased FPN1 mRNA expression by 25%. Additionally, up-regulation of FPN1 mRNA by an iron overload treatment of 400 µM of ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA) was abrogated by live MAP (MOI 20:1) by approximately 70%. Our data revealed an inhibitory effect of MAP on FPN1 mRNA and suggested a bacterial mechanism that may play a role in host iron regulation.
KEEFEKTIFAN PENJAMINAN MUTU STANDAR PROSES DI SDN KALIURANG 2 KECAMATAN PAKEM KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Sustiwi Patna , Muhyadi Muhyadi
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif penjaminan mutu standar proses dalam aspek perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penilaian, dan pengawasan proses pembelajaran di SDN Kaliurang 2 Kecamatan Pakem, Kabupaten Sleman. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian evaluasi dengan model evaluasi kesenjangan. Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah SDN Kaliurang 2 Kecamatan Pakem, Kabupaten Sleman dengan responden kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara dengan instrumen berupa lembar observasi, ceklis, dan pedoman wawancara.Validitas istrumen menggunakan pertimbangan ahli. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) perencanaan pembelajaran berada dalam kriteria sangat efektif dengan capaian 85,24%, (2) pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran berada dalam kriteria sangat efektif dengan capaian 88,67%, (3) penilaian pembelajaran berada dalam kriteria efektif dengan capaian 75,29%, dan (4) pengawasan pembelajaran berada dalam kriteria sangat efektif dengan capaian 85,06%. Secara umum, penjaminan mutu standar proses di SDN Kaliurang 2 Kecamatan Pakem, Kabupaten Sleman termasuk dalam kriteria sangat efektif dengan capaian 83,56%.
KEEFEKTIFAN HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN BAGI TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN DI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Mahmudah Fitri Nur , Prasojo Lantip Diat
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis 1) payback period (PP), 2) benefit/cost ratio, 3) return on investment (ROI), 4) net present value (NPV), dan 5) internal rate of return (IRR) dalam perspektif pendidikan bagi tenaga kependidikan di Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini adalah Evaluasi dengan model Discrepancy. Instrumen pengumpul data berupa angket yang ditujukan kepada tenaga kependidikan di UNY dengan skala Guttman. Validitas instrumen meliputi validitas logis dan validitas empiris yang dihitung dengan Pearson product moment. Reliabilitasnya dihitung dengan teknik Kuder Richardson (KR20). Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan deskriptif dan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) payback period investasi dalam bentuk pendidikan bagi tenaga kependidikan yang melakukan peningkatan kualifikasi pendidikan tidak melebihi batas waktu yang ditentukan, sehingga invetasi dalam bentuk pendidikan efektif (feasible); 2) benefit/cost ratio investasi dalam pendidikan memberikan manfaat positif bagi tenaga kependidikan; 3) return on investment dalam perspektif pendidikan bagi tenaga kependidikan memiliki nilai positif sehingga investasi dapat dipertimbangkan; 4) net present value yang diperoleh bernilai positif sehingga investasi dalam perspektif pendidikan bagi tenaga kependidikan di Unviersitas Negeri Yogyakarta dapat dikatakan feasible.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PRAKARYA DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DENGAN PRINSIP THE GREAT YOUNG ENTREPRENEUR DI SMK UNTUK KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Purbaningrum Catarina Wahyu Dyah , Soenarto Soenarto
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menghasilkan model pembelajaran prakarya dan kewirausahaan  dengan prinsip “The Great Young Entrepreneur” di SMK untuk kurikulum 2013; (2) menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran prakarya dan kewirausahaan di SMK untuk kurikulum 2013 yang dapat menumbuhkan mental dan motivasi peserta didik untuk berwirausaha; (3) mengetahui tingkat kepraktisan model pembelajaran prakarya dan kewirausahaan dengan prinsip The Great Young Entrepeneur yang telah dikembangkan; dan (4) mengetahui tingkat keefektifan model pembelajaran prakarya dan kewirausahaan dengan prinsip The Great Young Entrepreneur yang telah dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Model pembelajaran prakarya dan kewirausahaan dengan prinsip The Great Young Entrepreneur dapat digunakan dengan baik.(2) Perangkat pembelajaran yang dihasilkan yaitu: buku panduan model dan materi ajar. (3) Model pembelajaran prakarya dan kewirausahaan dengan prinsip TGYE dan perangkat pembelajaran berdasarkan hasil ujicoba memenuhi kriteria praktis.(4) Model pembelajaran prakarya dan kewirausahaan dengan prinsip TGYE dan perangkat pembelajaran memenuhi kriteria efektif.
KAJIAN PEROLEHAN KOMPETENSI KEAHLIAN BUSANA BUTIK SISWA SMK: STUDI KASUS PRAKERIN DI INDUSTRI PASANGAN
Authors: Handayani Sri , Wening Sri
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perolehan kompetensi siswa di setiap DUDI, khususnya busana butik yang memiliki pola pembimbingan berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian studi kasus pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik penentuan Informan menggunakan snowball sampling yaitu instruktur industri, pembimbing, dan siswa SMK N 1 Pengasih yang sedang prakerin. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data mengacu pada analisis model interaktif Miles & Huberman, meliputi pengumpulan data, data condensation, penyajian data, dan deskripsi serta verifikasi kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian adalah (1) praktik yang dijalani siswa sudah relevan dengan kurikulum yang tercantum di sekolah; (2) perolehan kompetensi pada aspek kognitif siswa memperoleh pengetahuan tentang prosedur pembuatan busana butik, pada aspek afektif terbentuk sikap budaya kerja, dan pada aspek psikomotor mampu menyelesaikan pekerjaan busana butik; (3) cara siswa memperoleh kompetensi dengan melakukan: (a) komunikasi; (b)  teknik belajar (c) metode kerja praktis; (d) pekerjaan secara mandiri; (e) tindakan dengan tanggung jawab; (f) etos kerja; (g) pengorganisasian dan implementasi kerja dengan baik; (h) bekerja sesuai kepercayaan instruktur industri; (i) pengembangan diri; dan  (j) penerapan kompetensi dari sekolah; (4) pencapaian kompetensi siswa yang prakerin di Goet Poespo dan Puspa Rini berada pada level Pemula (novices) sedangkan di L’Mar butik pada level spesialist.
EVALUASI SARANA DAN PRASARANA BENGKEL PRAKTIK SMK TEKNIK PEMESINAN DI KOTA SEMARANG BERDASARKAN KEBUTUHAN KURIKULUM
Authors: Sudiyono Sudiyono , Alip Moch.
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) kondisi sarana dan prasarana bengkel praktik SMK teknik pemesinan di Kota Semarang berdasarkan persepsi guru pengampu dan tool men, (2) ting-kat kesesuaiannya terhadap standar minimal Permendiknas Nomor 40 tahun 2008, dan (3) tingkat kecukupannya terhadap kebutuhan kurikulum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi dengan model evaluasi diskrepansi. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan analisis persentase. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan analisis dokumen, wawancara, dan observasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Kondisi sarana dan prasarana bengkel praktik SMK Teknik Pemesinan di Kota Semarang menurut persepsi guru pengampu dan tool men pada SMK negeri maupun swasta sudah dinyatakan layak, (2) Prasarana pada SMK negeri sesuai dengan standar minimal, sedangkan pada SMK swasta cukup sesuai, (3) Sarana pada SMK negeri sangat sesuai dengan standar mini-mal, sedangkan pada SMK swasta sesuai standar, (4) Prasarana pada SMK negeri cukup meme-nuhi kebutuhan kurikulum, sedangkan pada SMK swasta kurang memenuhi, (5) Sarana pada SMK negeri cukup memenuhi kebutuhan kurikulum, sedangkan pada SMK swasta kurang memenuhi.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PENILAIAN AUTENTIK MATA PELAJARAN PRAKARYA DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DI SMK
Authors: Kustitik Kustitik , Hadi Samsul
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan perangkat penilaian autentik mata pelajaran prakarya dan kewirausahaan di SMK, dan (2) mengetahui karakteristik perangkat penilaian autentik mata pelajaran prakarya dan kewirausahaan dari segi validitas, reliabilitas, dan kepraktisan perangkat penilaian yang dihasilkan. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengacu langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Borg & Gall yang dimodifikasi menjadi delapan langkah pengembangan. Langkah pengembangan tersebut yaitu studi pendahuluan, perencanaan produk, pengembangan produk, uji coba terbatas, revisi, uji coba lapangan, revisi akhir, dan diseminasi produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) perangkat penilaian autentik terdiri dari perangkat penilaian kompetensi sikap berupa lembar penilaian observasi sikap spiritual, lembar penilaian observasi sikap sosial, lembar penilaian diri, dan lembar penilaian teman sebaya, perangkat penilaian kompetensi pengetahuan berupa lembar penilaian tes tertulis dan lembar penilaian penugasan, dan perangkat penilaian kompetensi keterampilan berupa lembar penilaian unjuk kerja; (2) perangkat penilaian autentik yang dikembangkan dinyatakan memenuhi kriteria valid, reliabel, dan praktis. Kata kunci: penilaian autentik, prakarya dan kewirausahaan, SMK DEVELOPING AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT KIT FOR HANDICRAFT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP SUBJECTS AT VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Abstract This study aimed to: (1) produce an authentic assessment kit for Handicraft and Entrepreneurship subjects at vocational high school and (2) investigate the characteristics of the authentic assessment kit developed for Handicratf and Entrepreneurship subjects from the points of vie of its validity, reliability, and practicality. This research and development adapted the model by Borg and Gall which modified the procedures into eight development stages. The stages were exploration, product planning, product development, preliminary testing, revisions, field testing, final revision, and dissemination. The results were: (1) the authentic assessment kit consisted of the attitude assessment set in the form of observation sheets, self-assessment and peer assessment for attitude competence assessment in the form of spiritual attitude observation sheet, social attitude observation sheet, self-assessment sheet, peer assessment sheet, knowledge assessment kit in the form of written tests and project assessment sheets, and skils assessment kit in the form of performance assessment sheet; and (2) the authentic assessment kit developed was considered fulfilling the criteria of validity, reliability, and practicality. Keywords: authentic assessment, handicraft and entrepreneurship, vocational high school
EVALUASI DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN SMA INDONESISCH NERDERLANDSCHE SCHOOL (INS) KAYUTANAM
Authors: David David , Kartowagiran Badrun , Harjo Slamet Prawiro
Published: September 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengevaluasi SMA INS Kayutanam dan (2) menyusuan strategi pengembangan SMA INS Kayutanam berdasarkan hasil evaluasi tersebut. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah 50 siswa kelas X dan XI, satu kepala sekolah, empat wakil kepala sekolah, 30 guru, dua pembina asrama dan dua orang dari pemerintahan. Hasil penelitian dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu hasil evaluasi dan strategi pengembangan. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi ditemukan bahwa ada beberapa komponen yang perlu perbaikan yaitu kurikulum, kompetensi pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan, fasilitas, peran serta masyarakat, dana dan organisasi. Strategi pengembangan terdiri dari: (1) perumusan kurikulum terintegrasi yang memuat tujuan dan sasaran pendidikan yang diprakarsai oleh Sjafei; (2) perumusan metode mengajar yang sesuai dengan tujuan dan sasaran pendidikan yang diprakasai Sjafei; (3) pengelolaan aset produktif dengan pemanfaatan modal sosial; (4) pemanfaatan basis alumni; (5) membangun kerja sama dengan instansi terkait seperti sekolah lain, pemerintah daerah, dan pihak swasta.Kata kunci: evaluasi, strategi pengembangan THE EVALUATION AND THE STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPING INDONESISCH NEDERLANDSCHE SCHOOL (INS) KAYUTANAM SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLAbstractThe study was to: (1) evaluate the development of INS Kayutanam Senior High School; and (2) design the strategy to develop INS Kayutanam Senior High School based on the results of the evaluation. The approach used of in the study was quantitative and qualitative. The data source in the study was 50 students from the X grade and the XI grade, one principal, four vice principals, 30 teachers, two dormitory advisors and two government representatives. The results of the study were divided into two groups namely the evaluation results and the development strategies. Based on the results of the study, the researcher found that there were several components that demanded revision namely the curriculum, the educator and educational staff competence, the facility, the society participation, the fund and the organization. Then, the development strategies consisted of: (1) formulating an integrated curriculum that contained the educational objectives and targets that had been provided by Sjafei; (2) formulating the teaching methods that had to be in accordance with the educational objectives and targets that had been provided by Sjafei; (3) managing the productive assets by utilizing the social capital; (4) utilizing the alumni basis; and (5) establishing partnership with the related institutions such as other schools, regional governments and private sectors.Keywords: evaluation, development strategies
Contribuição à crítica da ideologia do direito: Os direitos fundamentais em debate
Authors: Ferreira Éder
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo constituye un trabajo de teoría sociológica del derecho del trabajo y de sociología jurídica de los derechos fundamentales del trabajador, partiendo de la metodología jurídica crítica de Oscar Correas. La tarea de la sociología del derecho del trabajo consiste en la descripción y la modalización deóntica de las conductas necesarias para la compra-venta y el uso de la fuerza de trabajo y los modalizadores deónticos del derecho constitucional brasileño del trabajo (derechos fundamentales del trabajador en la CRFB/1988).
Psicoanálisis y derecho: elementos para una crítica lacaniana de la ideología jurídica
Authors: Foa Torres Jorge
Published: September 2016

Este artículo busca dar cuenta de una manera novedosa de llevar adelante la crítica de la ideología jurídica, inspirada en la enseñanza lacaniana. A partir de señalar la importancia del estudio del derecho en tanto forma, se promueve eludir la fascinación por su contenido oculto, en pos de dirigir el análisis hacia la apariencia jurídica en cuanto tal. En ese marco, se advierte acerca del carácter constitutivamente dividido del derecho, es decir, de la presencia de una negatividad inherente a su estructura que, sin embargo, habilita el abordaje de Lo Político en lo jurídico. Asimismo, se propone un enfoque sintomático de la forma jurídica susceptible de prestar atención a los signos de las irrupciones de Lo Real del antagonismo en el semblante normativo. Por último, se señala a la noción lacaniana de fantasma como un concepto clave a la hora de comprender las operaciones jurídico-ideológicas por medio de las cuales se sujeta afectivamente a los individuos en la repetición del orden de cosas dominante