bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impaired Proton Conductivity of Metal-Doped Graphene Oxide
Authors: Ikeda Yukino , Karim Mohammad Razaul , Takehira Hiroshi , Matsui Takeshi , Hatakeyama Kazuto , Murashima Yusuke , Taniguchi Takaaki , Koinuma Michio , Nakamura Masaaki , Matsumoto Yasumichi , Hayami Shinya
Published: March 2014

Proton conductivity of graphene oxide (GO) has been reduced in graphene oxide–metal ion hybrids (GO–M; M = K+, Al3+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Co2+, Pr3+, Ce3+, and Tb3+). As the hybrids contain doped metal ions, we propose their possibility as catalyst and electrodes in sensing devices.
Development of a Compact Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope (STXM) at the Photon Factory
Authors: Takeichi Yasuo , Inami Nobuhito , Suga Hiroki , Ono Kanta , Takahashi Yoshio
Published: March 2014

We report a compact scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) newly designed and developed at the Photon Factory. Piezo-driven linear stages are used for all of the coarse stages in the microscope to make the microscope compact, stable, and suitable for use at the endstations of multipurpose beamlines already in operation. Fully digitized control and detection electronics are implemented to realize efficient data acquisition. The performance of the STXM is demonstrated in both imaging and spectroscopic experiments.
Triblock Copolymer-controlled Crystallization of ZnO Nanorod-microspheres from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Hirota Yuichiro , Elias Mohd Syafiq , Dwijaya Bram , Uchida Yoshiaki , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: March 2014

ZnO microspheres were hydrothermally synthesized using triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 as a crystal growth modifier. The ZnO microspheres were composed of nanorods assemblies. The ZnO nanorods with a diameter of less than 100 nm were radially grown from the center in all directions. A possible growth mechanism is that ZnO seed species were stabilized in hydrophilic chains of Pluronic F127 micelles and that ZnO nanorods radially grew in the c direction from a center due to the effect of steric hindrance.
Size-dependent Catalytic Activity of Platinum Nanoparticles for Aqueous-phase Reforming of Glycerol
Authors: Yamaguchi Wataru , Tai Yutaka
Published: March 2014

In order to establish a strategy for minimizing Pt usage in catalysts for aqueous-phase reforming of glycerol, we studied turnover frequency (TOF) using a series of Pt/Al2O3 catalysts with different mean Pt diameters. It was found that TOF increases with decreasing Pt diameter, and the increase is drastically enhanced below a threshold diameter. This suggests that Pt utilization rapidly increases across the threshold because of the combined effect of the increase in the specific surface area and TOF of Pt.
Mg0.7Cu0.3Al2O4 Spinel-type Catalyst Active for CO Oxidation under Practical Conditions
Authors: Taniguchi Masashi , Uenishi Mari , Tanaka Hirohisa , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: March 2014

Mg1−xCuxAl2O4 (x = 0–1.0) and Mg0.7M0.3Al2O4 (M = Mn, Co, and Ni) spinel-type catalysts with high surface areas were prepared. While a Cu-free MgAl2O4 spinel-type oxide showed no catalytic activity for the CO–O2 reaction, the activity was significantly increased by the substitution of Mg (A-site) with Cu, and Mg0.7Cu0.3Al2O4 showed the highest catalytic activity under the practical conditions. The catalytic activities of Mg0.7M0.3Al2O4 (M = Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu) much depended on the kinds of M, and Cu was the best substituent metal. The catalytic activity of Mg0.7Cu0.3Al2O4 was much higher than those of La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 and LaMn0.6Cu0.4O3, which have been reported to be active for the CO–O2 reaction. The highest catalytic activity of Mg0.7Cu0.3Al2O4 probably results from the easiest reducibility.
A Novel Crystalline Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Material Having a Large Adsorption Capacity for Bulky Organic Molecules
Authors: Yamamoto Katsutoshi , Irisa Ami , Kawano Miki , Ikeda Takuji
Published: March 2014

A novel crystalline organic–inorganic hybrid material KCS-2 was successfully synthesized using an organically bridged silane. KCS-2 seems to have a large micropore opening (ca. 10 Å) and a large adsorption capacity for benzene molecules. This material can be utilized as a host material that can stably incorporate functional organic molecules inside its micropores.
Search of Compounds with Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities Among New Derivatives of 3-benzylxanthine
Authors: Шкода  , Shkoda A. , Александрова  , Aleksandrova E. , Левич  , Levich S. , Камышный  , Kamyshnyy A.
Published: March 2014

Antimicrobial therapy is a significant element of modern medical and pharmaceutical practice. To create more effective medicines the researches are carried out among different classes of organic substances. One of the key strategies in this field is combination of several pharmacophores in a single molecule.

In this aspect, the authors´ attention was attracted derivatives xantina, with a wide range of paid activity, and the large variability of the possibility of chemical modification.

Objects of the study were derivatives of 3-benzyl-8-methylxanthinyl-7-acetic acid, synthesized by authors´ group previously. Antibacterial properties of these compounds were studied on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal activity on Candida albicans.

It was found that the most active against Staphylococcus aureus compound was substance A-18, which according to this indicator significantly exceeded the Ampicillin. Compounds A-4, A-9, A-ll, A-13, A-19 by antistaphylococcal activity are not inferior to the Am-picillin. Ylidenhydrazide A-16 and S-substituted triazolylmethylxanthines A-22 and A-23 - surpassed it. It was also found that hydra-zide A-3, ylidenhydrazides A-6, A-ll - A-14 and A-17 showed fungistatic properties comparable to the Nystatin.
Dynamics of Indicators of Immune Status in the Students of Medical College
Authors: Нефедов  , Nefedov P. , Аслоньянц  , Aslonyants A. , Ильченко  , Ilchenko G.
Published: March 2014

The authors studied the state of the indicators of the immune system in the dynamics of their first year in medical school at the female students aged 15-17 years, recognized the results of medical examination of apparently healthy. In characterizing the state of cell-mediated immunity it was revealed reduction of immune-biological resistance in healthy students, manifested by the weakening of T-and B-immunity with severe tensions in the anti-viral defense, as evidenced by the significant increase in the peripheral blood cyto-toxic T lymphocytes [CD8 (+)] and NK-cells [CD16 (+)] and a decrease in the functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG). It is important that even after staying on vacation for the new academic year, these figures do not reach the initial level and remained statistically significant lower level, although there was some tendency to normalize.

Thus, the authors assume that the identified changes may involve a violation of the processes of adaptation of students caused by the restructuring of dynamic stereotypes in the transition from school to the secondary vocational education with unusual difficulties on training exercise, which may be inadequate functionality of a growing and developing organism.
Effect of New Salts 2-((5-((L,3-Dimethyl-2,6-Dioxo-2,3-Dihydro-Lh-Purin-7(6h)-Yl)Methyl)-4-Phenyl-4h-L,2,4-Triazol-3-Yl)Thio) Acetate Acids on Blood Sugar in Rats in Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Панасенко  , Panasenko A. , Гоцуля  , Gotsulya A. , Пругло  , Pruglo E. , Кныш  , Knysh E.
Published: March 2014

One of the most common endocrine disease in the world and, particularly, in Ukraine is diabetes mellitus. A particular problem in the treatment of this disease is complications. The drug therapy not always provides reduction of the risk of the development of micro and macroangiopathies, this is the major cause of high mortality.

The aim of this research was the pharmacological screening the hypoglycémie activity of first synthesized salts of 2-((5-((l,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-lH-purine-7(6H)-yl)methyl)-4-phenyl-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-acetate acid.

Experimental researches were conducted on white nonlinear rats. The hypoglycémie effect of salts the 2-((5-((l,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-lH-purine-7(6H)-yl)methyl)-4-phenyl-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetate acid was estimated using intraperitoneal test of tolerance to glucose which is reproduced by animals load glucose in the dose of 2 g/kg body weight of rats. The glucose content in a blood was determined by the glucose oxidase method, using a meter «Accu Chek Active». Comparative preparation with a hypoglycémie action is selected a glyburide in a dose 5 mg/kg. It is found, that the compounds, which are studied and a comparative preparation differently changed a glucose level in rats´ blood. Significant hypoglycémie action had the calcium salt of 2-((5-((l,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-lH-purine-7(6H)-yl)methyl)-4-phenyl-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetate acid (GKP-240) acid: (GKP-240) on the 36,22% (p =0.004), 18,72% less active than the referent - glyburide (reduction in the level of glucose in 54,94%, p =6,6·10´5).
Biochemical Analysis of Vitreous Humor in Postmortal Diagnosis of Renal Failure
Authors: Терёхина  , Terekhina N. , Акимов  , Akimov Pavel
Published: March 2014

The content of medium molecular weight peptides and creatinine in serum and vitreous humor from 48 corpses of people suffering from diabetes mellitus during his lifetime and 27 without this disease, formed the control group, were investigated. The presence of renal failure among patients with diabetes mellitus and in the control group was, respectively, in 20 and 15 persons was revealed. The content of serum creatinine in cadaver blood without renal failure was more than 2-2,5 - folds in comparative with living people and was not more than 240 μηΊθΙ/L. The content of serum medium molecular weight peptides in control group was not more than 2,8 g/L, and in the group of diabetes mellitus without renal failure - 2,9 g/L. The obtained results are analogical with data of living people accordingly literature sources. Direct correlation between the content of creatinine, medium molecular weight peptides and vitreous humor and serum are estimated. The maximum content of creatinine and medium molecular weight peptides in vitreous humor were, respectively, 110 μΓηοΙ/L and 0,5 g/L. The values extreme graduated in presents of renal failure as in serum, as in vitreous humor. Thus, in postmortal period appropriate to determine the vitreous humor creatinine and medium molecular weight peptides content for the diagnosis of renal failure.
Gender Pattern Differences of Latent Factors of Quality of Life Depending on Length of Stay in the Northern Region
Authors: Шаламова  , Shalamova E. , Сирусина  , Sirusina Ae. , Сирусина  , Sirusina Ad. , Рагозин  , Ragozin O.
Published: March 2014

The aim of the study was to examine gender differences in quality of life, depending on length of stay in the Northern region. The object was people who regularly held medical examination. Total number of respondents was 667 people aged 21 to 64 years, among them 281 women and 386 men. All respondents were divided according to the length of residence in the Northern region: 0-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-20 years and more than 20 years. Quality of life was assessed be means of non-specific SF-36 questionnaire. To detect latent factors the method of principal component analysis was used. The probability that the scale is the leading component of quality of life was determined by bootstrap analysis.

With the increase in part-time adaptation to the Northern region of women have their significant dynamics of the physical component of quality of life, where as changes in psychological characteristics are not reliable. Men are more concerned with subjective restriction of the social role of the state of physical and psychological health. In the initial period of adaptation of a relatively high level of quality of life is achieved by activation of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms, the subsequent steps can only be described as stable, because it continues to change the pattern of defining and limiting the quality of life of latent traits, which corresponds to the concept of "incomplete adaptation ".
The Structure of the Muscle Membrane in Various Parts of the Walls of the Human Urinary Tract
Authors: Золотарева  , Zolotareva M.
Published: March 2014

The paper deals with the literature review on scientific data of the muscle membrane of the human urinary tract. The contradictions between authors, who studied its topography in various parts of bodies, are given. The organization of structure of the muscle membrane of the human urinary tract in zone of ureteral-cystic segment is considered more extensively. On the basis of autopsy material of the wall of the ureters from the corpses of men and women aged 20 to 89 years of study of the structure of the muscle membrane is carried out. Fence ureters, in order to avoid false data, based on the results of clinical and postmortem diagnoses and constitutional features of corpses. Observation of histological staining techniques drugs (Haematoxylon-Eosin and the method of Mallory) longitudinal and transverse sections of the wall of the ureters, and then analyzed under a microscope Leica DM 2500 (Switzerland) with special magnification (approx 10, of. 4, 10) is applied. The study revealed some regularities of the structure of the muscle membrane in the proximal, medium and distal parts of the urinary tract, and also in places of their anatomical sphincter - pelvic-ureteric and ureteric-cystic constrictions. The paper is added to pictures that show the difference in the structure of the muscle membrane studied departments walls of the urinary tract.
The Effects of Ammonium Molybdate on Renal Function in the Rats after Parathyreoidectomy
Authors: Меликова  , Melikova E. , Брин  , Brin Vadim
Published: March 2014

The constant pollution of the environment increases the content of xenobiotics in the air, soil, water and contributes to their entry into the organism. Increased content of molybdenum in the environment has pathogenic effect on the human organism. It is known that the excretion of metals is mainly via the kidney, while the content of the xenobiotics in the urine may have pathogenic effects on renal function. It is of interest to study the renal functions in conditions of inflow metals in the organism.

The aim of this work was to study the effect of experimental hypocalcaemia on uropoisis renal function at the chronic molybdenum intoxication.

Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out on Wistar-rats. Chronic molybdenum intoxication in experimental animals was caused by intragastric injection of ammonium molybdate solution in the dose of 50mg/kg. during 1 month. Experimental hypocalcaemia was created by the parathyroidectomy.

Results. It was noted that when a stand-alone injection of ammonium molybdate glomerular filtration rate is reduced. In the model combined with parathyroidectomy this indicator comes back to normal. Tubular water reabsorption, urinary excretion of calcium and

protein are less pronounced than in the isolated introduction ammonium molybdate. Urine osmolarity also had a tendency to decrease. Conclusions. Experimental hypocalcaemia reduces the renal manifestations of chronic molybdenum intoxication.
Morphofunctional Feature in Experimental Myocardial Damage Heart on the Background of Diabetes and Cytoprotector
Authors: Блинов  , Blinov Dmitry , Елизарова  , Elizarova Yu. , Сингх  , Singkh L. , Соловьева  , Soloveva M. , Балашов  , Balashov V. , Курганов  , Kurganov N. , Крупнов  , Krupnov S. , Блинова  , Blinova E. , Гончаров  , Goncharov E.
Published: March 2014

The article highlights the experiments on white mice and purebred cats, which simulated insulin-dependent diabetes by intra-abdominal injection of water solution streptozotocin in the dose of 15 mg/kg, which destroys (3-cells of the pancreas within 14 days and leads to increased blood glucose animals by 70-80% compared with intact animals. In the experiment, the authors studied the derivative of L-glutamic acid deanol aceglumate at the preventive intragastric introduction, which showed the presence of cardioprotec-tive effect in the animals with ischemic, stress and metabolic damage to the heart. This was expressed in the reduction of deaths mice with diabetes subjected to 25% immobilization stress in the period of 28 days, and in improving the adaptation of animals to prolonged immobilization. The data obtained are confirmed by the absence of reducing the weight of the animals during the experiment, an obstacle to development of relative and absolute myocardial hypertrophy, lack of pronouced destructive processes in the contractile car-diomyocytes left stomach animals, increased life expectancy, animals when modeling adrenaline micronecrosis in mice with diabetes, improving gas and acid-base composition of venous blood outflow from ischemia heart cats with acute ischemia and diabetes.
Morphological Evaluation of the Effect of Particles of the Zeolitic Tuff in the Kulikovsky Deposit Size of 10-50 Microns on Organism of the Wistar Rats at Oral Introduction
Authors: Цыбанков  , Tsybankov S. , Сергиевич  , Sergievich A. , Борисов  , Borisov S. , Чайка  , Chayka Vladimir , Голохваст  , Golokhvast Kirill , Гамидов  , Gamidov M.
Published: March 2014

In the paper results of research of effect of particles zeolitic tuffs in the Kulikovsky deposit (Amur region) in size 10-50 microns on an organism of Wistar rats at oral introduction during 14 days are presented. Effect of particles of zeolites on a stomach, intestines, liver and kidneys of the rats is shown. All experiments with animals was performed with observance of the principles of humanity, set out in the directives of the European community (86/609/EEC) and with the Helsinki Declaration. Particles (10-50 microns) were received by crushing of a zeolitic tuff in the Kulikovsky deposit in a jaw crusher "Pulverisette 1" (Fritch, Germany) and sifted at first through a sieve with a diameter of cell of 50 microns, and then - through a vibration sieve with a diameter of 10 microns, and the average portion is left. Particles of this size in test there were more than 85%. A comparison of the experimental groups of rats, which zeolite particles of the Kulikovsky deposit introduced orally, with the control group showed no apparent distinctions in the histological structure of the tissue of the stomach, intestines, liver and kidneys in light microscopy. In experimental group was observed the infiltration by lymphoid cells and a hypertrophy of lymphoid follicles that is caused, apparently, by an immunogenicity of minerals. Also single necroses in tissues of kidneys and the raised of slime-formation in intestines are presented.
Dynamics of Status Vegetative Nervous System in the Children in Primary School in Weather Conditions in the Surgut
Authors: Еськов  , Eskov Valeriy , Шевченко  , Shevchenko N. , Филатова  , Filatova O. , Козупица  , Kozupitsa G. , Русак  , Rusak S.
Published: March 2014

According to current researches, it is found that people living in uncomfortable climatic conditions combined with anthropogenic pressure leads to intensive use and depletion of adaptive reserves of the human organism. At the present stage there are scientific data about adaptive reactions of individual age -, sex and constitutional groups of children in the North of Tyumen. However, to date there is insufficient information on the assessment of the morpho-functional and psycho-physiological status of the organism Northern children born and living in conditions of Middle Ob region. The organism of children and adolescents, due to the incompleteness of the morpho-functional development, as well as the immaturity of a number of regulatory mechanisms and high lability, is most sensitive to the impact of environmental factors, can cause destabilization of homeostasis. Identify patterns of development of the child and functioning of its physiological systems at different stages of ontogenesis is necessary for the decision of problems of preservation of health of the younger generation. In this paper the authors examined the behavior of the state vector of vegetative nervous system in children during the winter by six diagnostic parameters. The differential increase in quasi-attractors subjects in different weather conditions was proved.
Metabolic Activity of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Means of Moification of Ph-Condition of Incubation and the L-Carnitine Effects
Authors: Горшков  , Gorshkov A. , Исаева  , Isaeva I. , Балашов  , Balashov V. , Косых  , Kosykh A.
Published: March 2014

Culture of cell lines have been used traditionally to evaluate medicinal cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine on the metabolic activity of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Research methods. The object of the study was the culture of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of the 6th passage derived from adipocytes in rat. Cultivation of this cell line was carried out at the optimum pH-condition (7.37) and at the modification of the values (4.0, 5.5 and 9.0). The MTT-test was performed by the method of M. Niks and M.Otto in modification. Results. The research culture of cells, it is shown that the simulation acidosis (pH 4.0 and 5.5) and alkalosis (pH of 9.0) accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of their metabolism by MTT test. The severity of oppression activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases significantly depended on the magnitude of deviations from normal pH values. Introduction in the environment of cultivation L-carnitine in the range of concentrations 10-3-10-10 Mol/1 increases the intensity of formation of theformazan salts all over the pH range of incubation medium. The optimal effect of L-carnitine manifests in concentrations 10-5-10-6 Mol/1 and with the least deviation of the pH of the environment from the normal values.

The discussion. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the ability of L-carnitine to maintain the metabolism of cells in the failure of intra - and extracellular pH caused by stress, hypoxia, strenuous and ischemia. In the conditions and acidosis and alkalosis L- carnitine stimulates the synthesis of ATP through participation in the oxidation of free fatty acids into the mitochondria. This property of the drug may explain some of its pharmacological effects and is of interest for specialists in the field of sports medicine.
Biophysical Foundations Neuron Response to Small Radiation Exposure
Authors: Федоров  , Fedorov V. , Гундарова  , Gundarova O. , Маслов  , Maslov N.
Published: March 2014

The purpose of the work is to study the different parts of the brain of rats, subjected to gamma irradiation in doses up to 1 Sievert by morphological methods. The research was made on 270 adult mongrel rats-males weighing 210±10 g, aged 4 months to the beginning of the experiment, irradiated by gamma quanta 60Co range of 1.2 MeV once doses of 10, 20, 50 and 100 szv with a capacity of 50 cGy/H. The material was taken in 1 day, 6, 12,18 and 24 months post-radiation period. The material was fixed in 10 % formalin solution in the mixture Karnau. The authors studied the structural and functional organization of neurocytes on preparations by the method of Nisse. Protein was identified by the method of Bonkheg and nucleic acids have been identified by the methods Brachet J. L. and S.K. Shea. Contents of protein and nucleic acids were determined largest optical density by a computer program Image J. 36 b Wayne Rasband National Institutes of Health, USA. Material was processed statistically. The authors identified three stages of the reaction of nervous system to the radiation factor: early manifestations (from 1 to 30 days); expressed changes (up to 6 months), and recovery. Life expectancy of irradiated animals has no changes, but some fluctuations morphological characteristics may affect the quality of life of the population of the contaminated territories.
Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Basic Notions. Types of Memory (review)
Authors: Герасимов  , Gerasimov I. , Яшин  , Yashin A.
Published: March 2014

The review presents the history of the known approaches, concepts and theories of memory, first of all the human, as properties perceive, save, retrieve and reproduce information important for life. The review is written with a specific aim designation: precedes the developed author´s concept of ion-molecular memory model. In the introduction, the authors note that it is reasonably consider memory as a property and the living and non-living objects. Definition of structural memory is presented. It is noted that the review is dedicated to the human memory as biological (according to I.P. Amsharin) - the supreme manifestation of the nature of bio-objects. The authors give a basic definition of the memory elements as information operand: receivers, analyzers, analytical systems, selectors, transmitters, storage devices, media, and library memory. Classification of types of memory as conceptual, oriented to the task research: creation of ion-molecular memory model is presented. As an example, the authors present the definition of the classification of memory on the parameter of time storage of the information. In the aspect of the review of the existing models of memory the authors identified three basic types which simulate associative (distributed) memory, the so-called working memory, i.e. operational situational memory, and other, different, memory models: from temporary to sensory memory. In conclusion, it is shown that in the memory modelling the authors used various mathematical and physical principles: neural networks, holography, fractals, and many sections of non-linear dynamics. The content of this review is based on the analysis of numerous literary sources.
Urinary 1‐hydroxypyrene and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine Levels among Coke‐oven Workers for 2 Consecutive Days
Authors: Nguyen Thi‐To‐Uyen , Kawanami Shoko , Kawai Kazuaki , Kasai Hiroshi , Li Yun‐Shan , Inoue Jinro , Ngoan Le Tran , Horie Seichi
Published: March 2014

Urinary 1‐hydroxypyrene and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine Levels among Coke‐oven Workers for 2 Consecutive Days: Thi‐To‐Uyen NGUYEN, et al. Department of Health Policy and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan—

Objectives

This study evaluated the levels of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their relationship with oxidative DNA damage among Vietnamese coke‐oven workers.

Methods

We collected urine from 36 coke‐oven workers (exposed group) at the beginning and end of the shift on 2 consecutive days. We also collected urine from 78 medical staff (control group). Information was collected by questionnaire about smoking status, drinking habit, and working position. Urinary 1‐hydroxypyrene (1‐OHP) and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OH‐dG) were measured using HPLC. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 19.

Results

Urinary 1‐OHP was significantly higher in the coke‐oven workers than in the control group (p<0.05). Top‐oven workers had the highest levels of internal exposure to PAHs, followed by side‐oven and then bottom‐oven workers (5.41, 4.41 and 1.35 ng/mg creatinine, respectively, at the end of the shift on day 2). Urinary 8‐OH‐dG was significantly higher in top‐ and side‐oven workers at the end of the shift on day 2 (4.63 and 5.88 ng/mg creatinine, respectively) than in the control group (3.85 ng/mg creatinine). Based on a multi‐regression analysis, smoking status had a significant effect on urinary 8‐OH‐dG (p=0.049). Urinary 1‐OHP tended to have a positive correlation with urinary 8‐OH‐dG (p=0.070).

Conclusions

Vietnamese coke‐oven workers were exposed to PAHs during their work shift. Urinary 1‐OHP exceeded the recommended limit, and elevated oxidative DNA damage occurred in top‐ and side‐oven workers on the second day of work. A tendency for positive correlation was found between urinary 1‐OHP and urinary 8‐OHdG.
BMI, Health Behaviors, and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents: A School-Based Study
Authors: Chen Gang , Ratcliffe Julie , Olds Tim , Magarey Anthea , Jones Michelle , Leslie Eva
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the relationship between weight status (BMI) and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents through application of the Child Health Utility 9D, a new generic preference-based instrument.

METHODS:

Data were collected from primary and high school students in rural and metropolitan regions of South Australia. Consenting participants (2588 in grades 4–6 and 765 in grades 9–10) were weighed and measured and categorized as underweight, healthy weight, overweight, or obese according to International Obesity Taskforce BMI cutoff points (primary outcome). Participants also completed a questionnaire including the Child Health Utility 9D and standardized measures of physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep patterns, and eating behavior (secondary outcomes). Descriptive and multivariate linear regression analyses were undertaken to calculate mean utility differences.

RESULTS:

In comparison with healthy-weight primary school students, adjusted mean utilities were lower for overweight (−0.016, P = .02) or obese (−0.039, P = .001) students. For high school students, the adjusted mean utilities were also lower for overweight and obese students but were nonsignificant (−0.018, P > .10). Physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep patterns, and eating behavior were all found to be significantly associated with utilities.

CONCLUSIONS:

Irrespective of BMI, young people engaging in more physical activities or less sedentary behavior, and having healthier sleep patterns or eating behavior exhibited higher utilities. Associations between utilities and sleep patterns or eating behavior were stronger than the associations with BMI. Future economic evaluations for obesity interventions should more formally investigate the relationship between changes over time in weight status and health-related quality of life for children and adolescents.
Ultrasonography/MRI Versus CT for Diagnosing Appendicitis
Authors: Aspelund Gudrun , Fingeret Abbey , Gross Erica , Kessler David , Keung Connie , Thirumoorthi Arul , Oh Pilyung Stephen , Behr Gerald , Chen Susie , Lampl Brooke , Middlesworth William , Kandel Jessica , Ruzal-Shapiro Carrie
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND:

Cross-sectional imaging increases accuracy in diagnosing appendicitis. We hypothesized that a radiation-free imaging pathway of ultrasonography selectively followed by MRI would not change clinical end points compared with computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.

METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed children (<18 years old) who had diagnostic imaging for suspected acute appendicitis between November 2008 and October 2012. Before November 2010 CT was used as the primary imaging modality (group A); subsequently, ultrasonography was the primary imaging modality followed by MRI for equivocal findings (group B). Data collected included time from triage to imaging and treatment and results of imaging and pathology.

RESULTS:

Six hundred sixty-two patients had imaging for suspected appendicitis (group A = 265; group B = 397, of which 136 [51%] and 161 [41%], respectively, had positive imaging for appendicitis). Negative appendectomy rate was 2.5% for group A and 1.4% for group B. Perforation rate was similar for both groups. Time from triage to antibiotic administration and operation did not differ between groups A and B. There was higher proportion of positive imaging and appendectomies in group A and thus more negative imaging tests in group B (ultrasonography and MRI), but diagnostic accuracy of the 2 imaging pathways was similar.

CONCLUSIONS:

In children with suspected acute appendicitis, a radiation-free diagnostic imaging of ultrasonography selectively followed by MRI is feasible and comparable to CT, with no difference in time to antibiotic administration, time to appendectomy, negative appendectomy rate, perforation rate, or length of stay.
Incidence and Consequences of Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kamphuis Marije M. , Paridaans Noortje P. , Porcelijn Leendert , Lopriore Enrico , Oepkes Dick
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND:

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is a potentially devastating disease that may lead to intracranial hemorrhage in the fetus or neonate, often with death or major neurologic damage. There are no routine screening programs for NAIT, preventive measures are taken only in a subsequent pregnancy. To estimate the population incidence of NAIT and its consequences, we conducted a review of the literature. Our results may aid in the design of a screening program.

METHODS:

An electronic literature search included Medline, Embase, Cochrane database and references of retrieved articles. Eligible for inclusion were all prospective studies aimed at diagnosing NAIT in a general, nonselected newborn population, with sufficient information on platelet count at birth, bleeding complications, and treatment. Titles and abstracts were reviewed, followed by review of full text publications. Studies were independently assessed by 2 reviewers for methodologic quality. Disagreements were resolved by consensus, including a third reviewer.

RESULTS:

From the initial 768 studies, 21 remained for full text analysis, 6 of which met the inclusion criteria. In total, 59 425 newborns were screened, with severe thrombocytopenia in 89 cases (0.15%). NAIT was diagnosed in 24 of these 89 newborns (27%). In 6 (25%) of these cases, an intracranial hemorrhage was found, all likely of antenatal origin.

CONCLUSIONS:

NAIT is among the most important causes of neonatal thrombocytopenia. Intracranial hemorrhage due to NAIT occurs in 10 per 100 000 neonates, commonly before birth. Screening for NAIT might be effective but should be done antenatally.
Infant Sleep Machines and Hazardous Sound Pressure Levels
Authors: Hugh Sarah C. , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Propst Evan J. , Gordon Karen A. , Cushing Sharon L. , Papsin Blake C.
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Infant “sleep machines” (ISMs) produce ambient noise or noise to mask other sounds in an infant’s room with the goal of increasing uninterrupted sleep. We suggest that the consistent use of these devices raises concerns for increasing an infant’s risk of noise-induced hearing loss. We therefore sought to determine the maximum output levels of these sleep machines.

METHODS:

Sound levels of 14 ISMs played at maximum volume were measured at 30, 100, and 200 cm from the machine using correction factors to account for a 6-month-old’s ear canal.

RESULTS:

Maximum sound levels at 30 cm were >50 A-weighted dB for all devices, which is the current recommended noise limit for infants in hospital nurseries. Three machines produced output levels >85 A-weighted dB, which, if played at these levels for >8 hours, exceeds current occupational limits for accumulated noise exposure in adults and risks noise-induced hearing loss.

CONCLUSIONS:

ISMs are capable of producing output sound pressure levels that may be damaging to infant hearing and auditory development. We outline recommendations for safer operation of these machines.
Sunscreening fungal pigments influence the vertical gradient of pendulous lichens in boreal forest canopies
Authors: Färber Leonie , Solhaug Knut Asbjørn , Esseen Per-Anders , Bilger Wolfgang , Gauslaa Yngvar
Published: March 2014

Pendulous lichens dominate canopies of boreal forests, with darkBryoriaspecies in the upper canopy vs. lightAlectoriaandUsneaspecies in lower canopy. These genera offer important ecosystem services such as winter forage for reindeer and caribou. The mechanism behind this niche separation is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that species‐specific sunscreening fungal pigments protect underlying symbiotic algae differently against high light, and thus shape the vertical canopy gradient of epiphytes. Three pale species with the reflecting pigment usnic acid (Alectoria sarmentosa,Usnea dasypoga,U. longissima) and three with dark, absorbing melanins (Bryoria capillaris,B. fremontii,B. fuscescens) were compared. We subjected the lichens to desiccation stress with and without light, and assessed their performance with chlorophyll fluorescence. Desiccation alone only affectedU. longissima. By contrast, light in combination with desiccation caused photoinhibitory damage in all species. Usnic lichens were significantly more susceptible to light during desiccation than melanic ones. Thus, melanin is a more efficient light‐screening pigment than usnic acid. Thereby, the vertical gradient of pendulous lichens in forest canopies is consistent with a shift in type and functioning of sunscreening pigments, from high‐light‐tolerantBryoriain the upper to susceptibleAlectoriaandUsneain the lower canopy.
Impact of a Parent-Directed Pamphlet About Pain Management During Infant Vaccinations on Maternal Knowledge and Behavior
Authors: Taddio Anna , MacDonald Noni E. , Smart Sarah , Parikh Chaitya , Allen Victoria , Halperin Beth , Shah Vibhuti
Published: March 2014

Purpose:To evaluate the impact of a parent-directed instructional pamphlet about managing pain during infant vaccinations.

Design and Sample:New mothers hospitalized following birth of an infant at two hospitals participated in a “before-and-after” study. In the “after” phase, the pamphlet was passively inserted in discharge packages at the intervention hospital.

Main Outcomes:Maternal knowledge and self-reported use of pain-management interventions during routine infant two-month vaccinations.

Results:Altogether, 354 mothers participated. A two-way (site, phase) ANOVA revealed no interaction (site × phase) in knowledge or use of pain-management strategies after routine two-month infant vaccinations; hence, there was no evidence of a benefit provided by the pamphlet. However, within the intervention site, only 21 percent of mothers read the pamphlet. Reading the pamphlet was associated with higher knowledge. This suggests some possible benefits of the pamphlet, provided that mothers read it.
Periodontal Status and High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein Levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome With and Without Medical Treatment
Authors: Porwal Surya , Tewari Shikha , Sharma Rajinder K. , Singhal Savita Rani , Narula Satish C.
Published: March 2014

Background: Recently, some studies have revealed the effect of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on gingival inflammation. This cross‐sectional study attempts to assess the periodontal status and systemic inflammation of women receiving medical treatment for PCOS and women newly diagnosed with PCOS.

Methods: A total of 126 participants comprising 41 newly diagnosed patients with PCOS (PCOS‐N), 45 patients with PCOS on medical treatment (PCOS‐MT), and 40 systemically healthy controls (control group [CG]) were examined. Periodontal parameters, anthropometric parameters, and serum levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) were recorded.

Results: Women with newly diagnosed PCOS had increased sites with bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), waist circumference (WC), hsCRP, and prevalence of periodontitis compared with control and PCOS‐MT groups (P ≤0.05). On partial correlation analysis after controlling for confounders, BOP and CAL correlated positively and significantly with hsCRP (P = 0.01 and P = 0.005). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that BOP and CAL (dependent variable) (P = 0.009/R2 = 0.05 and P = 0.005/R2 = 0.07, respectively) had significant association with hsCRP. Furthermore, hsCRP, when considered as outcome, also exhibited association with CAL and WC (P = 0.002/R2 = 0.07 and P = 0.04/R2 = 0.106). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the PCOS‐N group had 2.88 times increased likelihood of having moderate periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio 2.88, 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 6.98).

Conclusions: Women with newly diagnosed PCOS may have increased prevalence and likelihood for periodontitis, with higher measures of periodontal inflammation and breakdown than those on medical treatment for PCOS and systemically healthy females. Furthermore, periodontal breakdown might depend on systemic inflammation and vice versa.
On the dextral offset of a Variscan shear zone across the Mérens fault in the central Pyrenees (Andorra, France)
Authors: van den Eeckhout Bas , de Bresser Hans
Published: March 2014

This paper contributes to the understanding of the offset on the 80 km long E-W striking Mérens fault in the central Pyrenees. Parameters such as amount and sense of offset are a prerequisite for a better understanding of the evolution of the fault, its tectonic significance and for reconstruction of the pre-existing configuration of its wall rocks.

In the western Aston massif, north of the Mérens fault, an over 5 km long, N125E striking steep dextral shear zone occurs. This shear zone is characterized by medium-grade assemblages of metamorphic minerals and is considered to be of late Variscan age. The presence of such a shear zone in this area was deduced from i) published structural data on the Mérens fault, and ii) its cut off relation with an over 40 km long late Variscan shear zone to the south. In this study it is shown that the shear zones north and south of the Mérens fault initially formed a single late Variscan shear zone, cut and displaced by the younger Mérens fault. The exact geographical location of the shear zone in the Aston massif constrains the finite dextral horizontal movement on the Mérens fault to at least 10,4 ± 0,5 km. Finite uplift of the Aston massif exceeds 4 km. Extrapolation of the arguments to the eastern Aston and Hospitalet massifs indicates that the NE terminations of both gneiss cores also lined up along one single steep (W)NW striking shear zone prior to Mérens fault activity. Dextral horizontal offset is 8,5 ± 1 km in that area. Restoration of the late Variscan configuration of the Aston and Hospitalet massifs reveals an elongate WNW trending mantled gneiss antiform, bordered by steep dextral shear zones with similar trend.
Fractured Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lens (ACIOL) Complicating Nd: YAG Laser for Peripheral Iridotomy
Authors: Farah Edgard , Koutsandrea Chryssanthi , Papaefthimiou Ioannis , Papaconstantinou Dimitris , Georgalas Ilias
Published: March 2014

Laser peripheral iridotomy is the procedure of choice for the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma caused by relative or absolute pupillary block. Nd: YAG laser iridotomy has been reported to have several complications such as Iris bleeding, hyphema, transient IOP elevation, intraocular inflammation, choroidal, retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage.

We report a case of a 74 year old lady on anticoagulant treatment who developed pupillary block and angle closure glaucoma after cataract surgery and anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL) insertion complicated with intraoperative bleeding. The patient was treated with Nd: YAG laser iridotomy , however, the ACIOL was inadvertently fractured after a single shot of laser and it had to be replaced. Although the incidence is rare. Ophthalmologists and Opticians should be aware that an ACIOL may be fractured even after a single Nd:YAG laser shot and avoid to perform it close to the ACIOL. Pretreatment counseling should include this rare complication.
Actual contamination of the Danube and Sava rivers at Belgrade (2013)
Authors: Antonijevic Milan , Arsovic Marija , Cáslavský Josef , Cvetkovic Vesna , Dabic Predrag , Franko Mladen , Ilic Gordana , Ivanovic Milena , Ivanovic Nevena , Kosovac Milica , Medic Dragana , Najdanovic Slobodan , Nikolic Milica , Novakovic Jovana , Radovanovic Tatjana , Ranic Djurdjina , Sajatovic Bojan , Spijunovic Gorica , Stankov Ivana , Tosovic Jelena , Trebse Polonca , Vasiljevic Olivera , Schwarzbauer Jan
Published: March 2014

This study is focussed on a comprehensive investigation on the state of
pollution of Danube and Sava rivers in Belgrade region. Different
complementary analytical approaches have been used covering both (i) organic
ccontaminants in river water by target analyses of hormones and
neonicotinoids as well as non-target screening analyses and (ii) heavy metals
in sediments. Finally, some common water quality parameters have been
analysed. The overall state of pollution is on a moderate level. Bulk
parameters did not reveal any unusual observation. Also quantification of
preselected organic contaminants did not point to elevated pollution. A more
significant contamination was measured for chromium, nickel, zinc and
partially copper in sediments with values above target values according to
Serbian regulations. Lastly, non-target screening analysis revealed a wider
spectrum of organic contaminants comprising pharmaceuticals, technical
additives, personal care products and pesticides. The study presented a
comprehensive view on the state of pollution of Sava and Danube rivers and is
the base for setting up further monitoring programs. As a superior outcome it
has been illustrated how different chemical analyses can point to different
assessments of the river quality. The comparison of target and non-target
analyses pointed to potential misinterpretation of the real state of
pollution.
Occupy Ottawa, Conservation Officers, and Policing Networks in Canada’s Capital City
Authors: Luscombe Alex , Walby Kevin
Published: March 2014

Abstract:

Conservation officers have been neglected in policing studies literature due to a bias toward municipal and public police. The work of conservation officers and that of conventional public police overlap in ways that have not been explored. This article examines National Capital Commission (NCC) conservation officers’ involvement in policing networks in Ottawa and, more specifically, NCC regulation of the Occupy movement in Canada’s capital city. Having pitched tents in Ottawa’s Confederation Park, Occupy participants fell under NCC jurisdictional authority. Contributing to emerging literature on policing of the Occupy movement and literature on policing networks, we analyse conservation officer occurrence reports on Occupy Ottawa obtained through federal level access to information requests and results of interviews with NCC officers. We demonstrate how NCC officers participate in campaigns for urban order, nuisance removal, and protest policing in a network including municipal and federal public police, private contract security, and federal intelligence agencies.
Sealability and Seal Characteristics of PE/EVA and PLA/PCL Blends
Authors: Najarzadeh Z. , Tabasi R. Y. , Ajji A.
Published: March 2014

Seal strength behavior of low density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (PE/EVA) blends as well as that of blends of a seal grade PLA with aliphatic polyester (PCL) was studied. Polyethylene is commonly used for seal application in packaging multilayer structures and amorphous PLA is considered to be its counterpart for compostable and/or biodegradables ones. Incorporation of EVA in polyethylene improves its sealability in terms of a decrease in seal initiation temperature and broadness of sealability plateau. This was interpreted as due to the formation of finer crystals, a decrease in the melting point and presence of vinyl acetate polar group. These were supported by results obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the PLA/PCL system, the dispersed phase was stretched into elongated ellipsoidal domains. This type of morphology affected the mechanical and seal properties of the blends. As a result of blending, both hot-tack initiation temperature and strength as well as seal initiation temperature were enhanced. The enhancement in these seal properties was significant when the concentration of the dispersed phase exceeded 20 wt% in the blend. Hot-tack strength of up to twice of pure PLA was achieved through blending. This was attributed to the lower glass transition temperature of PCL, resulting in enhanced mobility of PLA chains and also the high aspect ratio of the dispersed phase. The maximum obtained hot-tack strength (1 200 g/25 mm) at 40 % dispersed content compared advantageously to commercially available polyolefin based sealant resins. The seal and hot-tack initiation temperatures were shifted to lower temperatures by as much as 30 °C, which can allow faster and more energy efficient sealing process.