bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prior Thrombectomy Does Not Affect the Surgical Complication Rate of Decompressive Hemicraniectomy in Patients with Malignant Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Walter Johannes , Alhalabi O. T. , Schönenberger S. , Ringleb P. , Vollherbst D. F. , Möhlenbruch M. , Unterberg A. , Neumann J.-O.
Published: August 2023

Background

Even though mechanical recanalization techniques have dramatically improved acute stroke care since the pivotal trials of decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant courses of ischemic stroke, decompressive hemicraniectomy remains a mainstay of malignant stroke treatment. However, it is still unclear whether prior thrombectomy, which in most cases is associated with application of antiplatelets and/or anticoagulants, affects the surgical complication rate of decompressive hemicraniectomy and whether conclusions derived from prior trials of decompressive hemicraniectomy are still valid in times of modern stroke care.

Methods

A total of 103 consecutive patients who received a decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction were evaluated in this retrospective cohort study. Surgical and functional outcomes of patients who had received mechanical recanalization before surgery (thrombectomy group, n = 49) and of patients who had not received mechanical recanalization (medical group, n = 54) were compared.

Results

The baseline characteristics of the two groups did significantly differ regarding preoperative systemic thrombolysis (63.3% in the thrombectomy group vs. 18.5% in the medical group, p < 0.001), the rate of hemorrhagic transformation (44.9% vs. 24.1%, p = 0.04) and the preoperative Glasgow Coma Score (median of 7 in the thrombectomy group vs. 12 in the medical group, p = 0.04) were similar to those of prior randomized controlled trials of decompressive hemicraniectomy. There was no significant difference in the rates of surgical complications (10.2% in the thrombectomy group vs. 11.1% in the medical group), revision surgery within the first 30 days after surgery (4.1% vs. 5.6%, respectively), and functional outcome (median modified Rankin Score of 4 at 5 and 14 months in both groups) between the two groups.

Conclusions

A prior mechanical recanalization with possibly associated systemic thrombolysis does not affect the early surgical complication rate and the functional outcome after decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant ischemic stroke. Patient characteristics have not changed significantly since the introduction of mechanical recanalization; therefore, the results from former large randomized controlled trials are still valid in the modern era of stroke care.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Ground Ice Ablation in a Retrogressive Thaw Slump and Its Hydrological Ecosystem Response on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Niu Fujun , Jiao Chenglong , Luo Jing , He Junlin , He Peifeng
Published: August 2023

Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs), which frequently occur in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China, can cause significant damage to the local surface, resulting in material losses and posing a threat to infrastructure and ecosystems in the region. However, quantitative assessment of ground ice ablation and hydrological ecosystem response was limited due to a lack of understanding of the complex hydro-thermal process during RTS development. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional hydro-thermal coupled numerical model of a RTS in the permafrost terrain at the Beilu River Basin of the QTP, including ice–water phase transitions, heat exchange, mass transport, and the parameterized exchange of heat between the active layer and air. Based on the calibrated hydro-thermal model and combined with the electrical resistivity tomography survey and sample analysis results, a method for estimating the melting of ground ice was proposed. Simulation results indicate that the model effectively reflects the factual hydro-thermal regime of the RTS and can evaluate the ground ice ablation and total suspended sediment variation, represented by turbidity. Between 2011 and 2021, the maximum simulated ground ice ablation was in 2016 within the slump region, amounting to a total of 492 m3, and it induced the reciprocal evolution, especially in the headwall of the RTS. High ponding depression water turbidity values of 28 and 49 occurred in the thawing season in 2021. The simulated ground ice ablation and turbidity events were highly correlated with climatic warming and wetting. The results offer a valuable approach to assessing the effects of RTS on infrastructure and the environment, especially in the context of a changing climate.
Corrosion behavior, mechanical properties, and in-vitro biocompatibility of cast Mg–3Zn–xSi biodegradable alloys for bone regeneration
Authors: Safwat Engie M. , Hammam Rania E. , Moussa M. E. , Abdel-Gawad Soha A. , Shoeib Madiha , El-Hadad Shimaa
Published: August 2023

In this research, Mg–3Zn–xSi (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 wt%) biodegradable alloys were produced by simple stir casting method, their microstructure and phase changes were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM–EDS). Potentiodynamic polarization was conducted to measure the alloys’ corrosion behavior in simulated body fluid (SBF). Tensile strength test and in-vitro biocompatibility evaluation regarding MTT cytotoxicity, ALP osseointegration assay and MG-63 cell growth pattern were conducted. Electrochemical investigations showed that Mg–3Zn alloys enclosing Si attained degradation rates suitable for structural support until bone healing, while the Mg–3Zn alloy without Si had a corrosion rate of 0.128 mm/year which is much lower than the required value. None of the inspected alloys exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect, meanwhile, Mg–Zn base alloy and the alloy with 0.3 wt% Si demonstrated the highest ALP level. The optimum cell growth pattern was demonstrated for Mg–Zn base alloy and the alloy with 0.1 wt% Si. Evidence of calcium phosphate precipitation was observed in the four investigated Mg–3Zn alloys. Therefore, based on the fore mentioned results, Mg–3Zn–xSi alloys were suggested as viable biodegradable materials due to their compatible degradation rates, proved cytocompatibility, high cell viability and excellent osseointegration potential.
Global Distribution of Electron Temperature Enhancement at Mid‐Low Latitudes Observed by DMSP F16 Satellite
Authors: Liang Jianyun , Xu Jiyao , Zhang Qinghe , Liu Jing , Zhang Yongliang , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Wang Xiangyu , Xing Zanyang , Wu Kun
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the global distribution of electron temperature enhancement observed by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16 satellite and its dependence on the season and solar activity for the solar maximum (2014) and minimum (2018) years during geomagnetic quiet times (maximum per day ap <10). Electron temperature enhancements occurred mainly over the North American‐Atlantic (260°–360°E) and Eurasia (0°–160°E) (Southern Oceania (80°–280°E)) sector in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere and are prominent in the winter hemispheres and solar maximum year. They have obvious longitude characteristics. Interestingly, they could extend to geomagnetic equatorial regions in the North American‐Atlantic sector from high to low latitudes in the December Solstice, further crossed the magnetic equator, and merged into the Southern Hemisphere in 2014, where the maximum temperature reached ∼3500 K. Our analysis indicates that low‐energy electrons (<100 eV) associated with photoelectron from the conjugate sunlit hemisphere, can contribute to these enhancements. Furthermore, the local geomagnetic declination, magnetic equator position, and terminator position at magnetic conjugate points together can impact the global distribution of photoelectrons of different energies and therefore the electron temperature enhancement distribution. Other processes (including local electron density variation) may play certain roles as well.
The Volcanic and Radial Expansion/Contraction History of the Moon Simulated by Numerical Models of Magmatism in the Convective Mantle
Authors: U Ken'yo , Kameyama Masanori , Ogawa Masaki
Published: August 2023

To understand the evolution of the Moon, we numerically modeled mantle convection and magmatism in a two‐dimensional polar rectangular mantle. Magmatism occurs as an upward permeable flow of magma generated by decompression melting through the convecting matrix. The mantle is assumed to be initially enriched in heat‐producing elements (HPEs) and compositionally dense ilmenite‐bearing cumulates (IBC) at its base. Here, we newly show that magma generation and migration play a crucial role in the calculated volcanic and radial expansion/contraction history. Magma is generated in the deep mantle by internal heating for the first several hundred million years. A large volume of the generated magma ascends to the surface as partially molten plumes driven by melt buoyancy; the magma generation and ascent cause a volcanic activity and radial expansion of the Moon with the peak at 3.5–4 Gyr ago. Eventually, the Moon begins to radially contract when the mantle solidifies by cooling from the surface boundary. As the mantle is cooled, the activity of partially molten plumes declines but continues for billions of years after the peak because some basal materials enriched in the dense IBC components hold HPEs. The calculated volcanic and radial expansion/contraction history is consistent with the observed history of the Moon. Our simulations suggest that a substantial fraction of the mantle was solid, and there was a basal layer enriched in HPEs and the IBC components at the beginning of the history of the Moon.
The accuracy of virtual setup in simulating treatment outcomes in orthodontic practice: a systematic review
Authors: Sereewisai Benja , Chintavalakorn Rochaya , Santiwong Peerapong , Nakornnoi Theerasak , Neoh Siew Peng , Sipiyaruk Kawin
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the accuracy of virtual orthodontic setup in simulating treatment outcomes and to determine whether virtual setup should be used in orthodontic practice and education.

Materials and Methods

A systematic search was performed in five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to November 2022 to identify all potentially relevant evidence. The reference lists of identified articles were also screened for relevant literature. The last search was conducted on 30 November 2022.

Results

This systematic review included twenty-one articles, where all of them were assessed as moderate risk of bias. The extracted data were categorized into three groups, which were: (1) Virtual setup and manual setup; (2) Virtual setup and actual outcomes in clear aligner treatment; (3) Virtual setup and actual outcomes in fixed appliance treatment. There appeared to be statistically significant differences between virtual setups and actual treatment outcomes, however the discrepancies were clinically acceptable.

Conclusion

This systematic review supports the use of orthodontic virtual setups, and therefore they should be implemented in orthodontic practice and education with clinically acceptable accuracy. However, high-quality research should be required to confirm the accuracy of virtual setups in simulating treatment outcomes.
Fully implantable and battery-free wireless optoelectronic system for modulable cancer therapy and real-time monitoring
Authors: Kim Kiho , Min In Sik , Kim Tae Hee , Kim Do Hyeon , Hwang Seungwon , Kang Kyowon , Kim Kyubeen , Park Sangun , Lee Jongmin , Cho Young Uk , Lee Jung Woo , Yeo Woon-Hong , Song Young Min , Jung Youngmee , Yu Ki Jun
Published: August 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is attracting attention as a next-generation cancer treatment that can selectively destroy malignant tissues, exhibit fewer side effects, and lack pain during treatments. Implantable PDT systems have recently been developed to resolve the issues of bulky and expensive conventional PDT systems and to implement continuous and repetitive treatment. Existing implantable PDT systems, however, are not able to perform multiple functions simultaneously, such as modulating light intensity, measuring, and transmitting tumor-related data, resulting in the complexity of cancer treatment. Here, we introduce a flexible and fully implantable wireless optoelectronic system capable of continuous and effective cancer treatment by fusing PDT and hyperthermia and enabling tumor size monitoring in real-time. This system exploits micro inorganic light-emitting diodes (μ-LED) that emit light with a wavelength of 624 nm, designed not to affect surrounding normal tissues by utilizing a fully programmable light intensity of μ-LED and precisely monitoring the tumor size by Si phototransistor during a long-term implantation (2–3 weeks). The superiority of simultaneous cancer treatment and tumor size monitoring capabilities of our system operated by wireless power and data transmissions with a cell phone was confirmed through in vitro experiments, ray-tracing simulation results, and a tumor xenograft mouse model in vivo. This all-in-one single system for cancer treatment offers opportunities to not only enable effective treatment of tumors located deep in the tissue but also enable precise and continuous monitoring of tumor size in real-time.
α-Synuclein pathology in post-mortem retina and optic nerve is specific for α-synucleinopathies
Authors: Hart de Ruyter Frederique J. , Morrema Tjado H. J. , den Haan Jurre , Gase Gina , Twisk Jos W. R. , de Boer Johannes F. , Scheltens Philip , Bouwman Femke H. , Verbraak Frank D. , Rozemuller Annemieke J. M. , Hoozemans Jeroen J. M.
Published: August 2023

There is increasing interest in studying retinal biomarkers for various neurodegenerative diseases. Specific protein aggregates associated with neurodegenerative diseases are present in the retina and could be visualised in a non-invasive way. This study aims to assess the specificity and sensitivity of retinal α-synuclein aggregates in neuropathologically characterised α-synucleinopathies, other neurodegenerative diseases and non-neurological controls. Post-mortem eyes (N = 99) were collected prospectively through the Netherlands Brain Bank from donors with Parkinson’s disease (and dementia), dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, Alzheimer’s disease, other neurodegenerative diseases and non-neurological controls. Multiple retinal and optic nerve cross-sections were immunostained with anti-α-synuclein antibodies (LB509, KM51, and anti-pSer129) and assessed for aggregates and inclusions. α-Synuclein was observed as Lewy neurites in the retina and oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions in the optic nerve and was highly associated with Lewy body disease (P < 0.001) and multiple system atrophy (P = 0.001). In all multiple system atrophy cases, the optic nerve showed oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions, while retinal Lewy neurites were absent, despite coincidental brain Lewy pathology. With high specificity (97%) and sensitivity (82%), retinal/optic nerve α-synuclein differentiates primary α-synucleinopathies from other cases and controls. α-Synuclein pathology occurs specifically in the retina and optic nerve of primary α-synucleinopathies as opposed to other neurodegenerative diseases—with and without α-synuclein co-pathology—and controls. The absence of retinal Lewy neurites in multiple system atrophy could contribute to the development of an in vivo retinal biomarker that discriminates between Lewy body disease and multiple system atrophy.
Travel distance, frequency of return, and the spread of disease
Authors: Heine Cate , O’Keeffe Kevin P. , Santi Paolo , Yan Li , Ratti Carlo
Published: August 2023

Human mobility is a key driver of infectious disease spread. Recent literature has uncovered a clear pattern underlying the complexity of human mobility in cities: $$r \cdot f$$

r
·
f

, the product of distance traveled r and frequency of return f per user to a given location, is invariant across space. This paper asks whether the invariant $$r\cdot f$$

r
·
f

also serves as a driver for epidemic spread, so that the risk associated with human movement can be modeled by a unifying variable $$r\cdot f$$

r
·
f

. We use two large-scale datasets of individual human mobility to show that there is in fact a simple relation between r and f and both speed and spatial dispersion of disease spread. This discovery could assist in modeling spread of disease and inform travel policies in future epidemics—based not only on travel distance r but also on frequency of return f.
Perceived gender and political persuasion: a social media field experiment during the 2020 US Democratic presidential primary election
Authors: Combs Aidan , Tierney Graham , Alqabandi Fatima , Cornell Devin , Varela Gabriel , Castro Araújo Andrés , Argyle Lisa P. , Bail Christopher A. , Volfovsky Alexander
Published: August 2023

Women have less influence than men in a variety of settings. Does this result from stereotypes that depict women as less capable, or biased interpretations of gender differences in behavior? We present a field experiment that—unbeknownst to the participants—randomized the gender of avatars assigned to Democrats using a social media platform we created to facilitate discussion about the 2020 Primary Election. We find that misrepresenting a man as a woman undermines his influence, but misrepresenting a woman as a man does not increase hers. We demonstrate that men’s higher resistance to being influenced—and gendered word use patterns—both contribute to this outcome. These findings challenge prevailing wisdom that women simply need to behave more like men to overcome gender discrimination and suggest that narrowing the gap will require simultaneous attention to the behavior of people who identify as women and as men.
Towards hippocampal navigation for brain–computer interfaces
Authors: Saal Jeremy , Ottenhoff Maarten Christiaan , Kubben Pieter L. , Colon Albert J. , Goulis Sophocles , van Dijk Johannes P. , Krusienski Dean J. , Herff Christian
Published: August 2023

Automatic wheelchairs directly controlled by brain activity could provide autonomy to severely paralyzed individuals. Current approaches mostly rely on non-invasive measures of brain activity and translate individual commands into wheelchair movements. For example, an imagined movement of the right hand would steer the wheelchair to the right. No research has investigated decoding higher-order cognitive processes to accomplish wheelchair control. We envision an invasive neural prosthetic that could provide input for wheelchair control by decoding navigational intent from hippocampal signals. Navigation has been extensively investigated in hippocampal recordings, but not for the development of neural prostheses. Here we show that it is possible to train a decoder to classify virtual-movement speeds from hippocampal signals recorded during a virtual-navigation task. These results represent the first step toward exploring the feasibility of an invasive hippocampal BCI for wheelchair control.
Rise in intraocular pressure with elevator travel in post-vitrectomy patients
Authors: Wong Posey P. Y. , Tsim Nicole C. , Chan Karen K. W. , Lau Ivan H. W. , Mak Andrew C. Y. , Chen Guy L. J. , Iu Lawrence P. L. , Ho Mary , Young Alvin L. , Brelén Mårten
Published: August 2023

To evaluate the impact of elevator travel on intraocular pressure after vitreoretinal surgery with gas tamponade. Patients undergoing pars plana vitreoretinal surgery with and without gas insertion were recruited on post-operative day 1. All intraocular pressures were measured three times by Tono-Pen AVIA (Reichert, USA) on the fourth floor and, after rapid ascent in an elevator, on the 12th floor of the hospital. All patients were observed and asked for any symptoms of pain or nausea for at least 15 min. In this study, 54 patients were recruited. Twenty-seven patients underwent vitreoretinal procedures with gas insertion, while 27 patients without gas insertion acted as controls. The mean age of patients was 60.9 years. The mean changes in intraocular pressure of the patients with gas insertion (+ 1.39 mmHg) were greater than those without gas insertion (− 0.43 mmHg) and statistically significantly different (95% CI 1.17–2.48, P < 0.0001). Patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery with gas insertion had statistically significant intraocular pressure rise even with 8-floor ascent in the immediate post-operative period. Further studies are needed to evaluate the change in intraocular pressure with a larger range of altitudes and different gases.
Bidirectional associations between periodontal disease and systemic diseases: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
Authors: Nabila Salma , Choi Jaesung , Kim Ji-Eun , Hahn Seokyung , Hwang In-Kyung , Kim Tae-Il , Park Hee-Kyung , Choi Ji-Yeob
Published: August 2023

To evaluate the associations of periodontal disease (PD) with systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as the reciprocal association. The CVD included the cases of coronary heart disease and heart failure. A prospective study was conducted from 2007 to 2019 using linked data from three databases in Korea. Three separate study groups were formed to individually determine the risks of PD (n = 10,533), DM (n = 14,523) and CVD (n = 14,315). All diseases were confirmed based on physicians’ diagnoses using medical records and self-reports. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to obtain hazard ratios (HRs). PD was significantly associated with an elevated risk of DM (HR [95% CI]: 1.22 [1.07–1.39]) after full adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle factors, body mass index, dental behaviour and CVD. PD was also found to increase the risk of CVD (1.27 [1.03–1.57]), whereas CVD increased the risk of PD (1.20 [1.09–1.32]) after full adjustment for other covariates including DM. This study found a bidirectional association between PD and CVD, as well as a positive association of PD with DM.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils from two salvia species with in vitro and in silico analysis targeting 1AJ6 and 1R4U proteins
Authors: Maache Souad , Zbadi Latifa , Ghouizi Asmae El , Soulo Najoua , Saghrouchni Hamza , Siddique Farhan , Sitotaw Baye , Salamatullah Ahmad Mohammad , Nafidi Hiba-Allah , Bourhia Mohammed , Lyoussi Badiaa , Elarabi Ilham
Published: August 2023

The Middle Atlas is a Moroccan territory that serves as an abode to plants with incredible biodiversity, of which aromatic and medicinal plants that have been of folkloric use are a significant component. However, their effective utilization in modern medicine requires the characterization of their phytochemicals to facilitate their entry into drug discovery pipelines. Hence, this study aimed to characterize and investigate the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effects of the essential oils (EOs) of Salvia lavandulifolia subsp. mesatlantica and Salvia officinalis L. by use of in vitro and in silico assays. Ten phytochemicals were identified in the EOs of S. lavandulifolia, while twenty phytochemicals were identified in S. officinalis. Camphor was the most abundant compound in both species, comprising 26.70% and 39.24% of the EOs of S. lavandulifolia and S. officinalis, respectively. The EOs of both plants exhibited significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity, with S. lavandulifolia and S. officinalis showing estimated scavenging rates of 92.97% and 75.20%, respectively. In terms of Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), S. officinalis demonstrated a higher value (72.08%) compared to that of S. lavandulifolia (64.61%). Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of the EOs of S. officinalis and S. lavandulifolia against microorganisms revealed bactericidal activities against Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis at low concentrations. It showed bactericidal activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans at a relatively higher concentration. Molecular docking of antioxidant and antimicrobial proteins offers significant insights into ligand–protein interactions, facilitating the development of innovative therapeutics from the current study. Ultimately, this study identified the phytochemical composition of S. lavandulifolia and S. officinalis and highlighted their potential for therapeutic discovery.
Physical properties, engine performance, and exhaust emissions of waste fish oil biodiesel/bioethanol/diesel fuel blends
Authors: Tarangan Davood , Sobati Mohammad Amin , Shahnazari Shahin , Ghobadian Barat
Published: August 2023

In the current study, the physicochemical, engine performance, and exhaust emission of different ternary fuel blends containing waste fish oil (WFO) biodiesel, bioethanol, and petro-diesel have been investigated. WFO Biodiesel was prepared from waste fish oil via transesterification method. Different physiochemical properties including the kinematic viscosity, density, flash point, pour point, cloud point, and heat value have been measured for different fuel blends and compared with the neat petro-diesel. The performance and exhaust emission of engine have been also studied using different fuel blends using a single-cylinder diesel engine in full load condition at 1800 rpm. It was found that the engine torque, engine power, and thermal efficiency of the ternary fuel blends was reduced by 2.45%, 9.25%, 2.35% averagely in comparison with the neat petro-diesel, respectively. The average break specific fuel consumption was also increased by 10.44% compared to the neat petro-diesel. The emission of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) was also measured. It was also found that the utilization of ternary fuel blends results in a considerable reduction in CO and UHC emission by 50.55% and 43.87% on average compared to the neat petro-diesel, respectively. The emission of NOx was also increased by 28.25% on average compared to the neat petro-diesel. It was also found that the NOx emission can be adjusted by tuning the WFO biodiesel and bioethanol contents of the ternary fuel blends.
A hybrid quantum-classical method for electron-phonon systems
Authors: Denner M. Michael , Miessen Alexander , Yan Haoran , Tavernelli Ivano , Neupert Titus , Demler Eugene , Wang Yao
Published: August 2023

Interactions between electrons and phonons play a crucial role in quantum materials. Yet, there is no universal method that would simultaneously accurately account for strong electron-phonon interactions and electronic correlations. By combining methods of the variational quantum eigensolver and the variational non-Gaussian solver, we develop a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm suitable for this type of correlated systems. This hybrid method tackles systems with arbitrarily strong electron-phonon coupling without increasing the number of required qubits and quantum gates, as compared to purely electronic models. We benchmark our method by applying it to the paradigmatic Hubbard-Holstein model at half filling, and show that it correctly captures the competition between charge density wave and antiferromagnetic phases, quantitatively consistent with exact diagonalization.
Broadband ultrafast 2D NMR spectroscopy for online monitoring in continuous flow
Authors: Lhoste Célia , Bazzoni Margherita , Bonnet Justine , Bernard Aurélie , Felpin François-Xavier , Giraudeau Patrick , Dumez Jean-Nicolas
Published: August 2023

2D NMR spectra with full spectra width are obtained from continuously flowing samples in less than 90 s, using interleaved ultrafast NMR acquisition.
A hybrid double perovskite ferroelastic exhibiting the highest number of orientation states
Authors: Xu Wei-Jian , Zelenovskii Pavel , Tselev Alexander , Verissimo Luis , Romanyuk Konstantin , Yuan Wei , Zhang Wei-Xiong , Kholkin Andrei , Rocha João
Published: August 2023

New 3D hybrid double perovskite ferroelastic, exhibiting unique reversible phase transition, boasts record 24 orientation states, surpassing all known ferroelastics.
Dual photoredox nickel-catalyzed silylation of aryl/heteroaryl bromides using hydrosilanes
Authors: Liu Shuai , Robert Frédéric , Landais Yannick
Published: August 2023

Silylation of arylbromides with (Me3Si)3SiH via dual photoredox Ni-catalysis enables the preparation of arylsilanes at room temperature under visible-light irradiation.
Quantum chemical analysis of noncovalent bonds within crystals. Concepts and concerns
Authors: Scheiner Steve
Published: August 2023

The quantum chemical calculation of the strength of a primary noncovalent bond within a crystal must navigate numerous complicating issues. Choice of geometry, polarizing effects of substituents, and delocalized interactions, must all be considered.
Crystal structural and photoluminescence properties of Eu3+ doped MgZn2(PO4)2 phosphors by R+ (R = Li, Na, K) charge compensation
Authors: Huang Yongping , Liu Zheng , Xiong Yuexu , Feng Wenlin
Published: August 2023

The effect of the charge compensation agent R+ (R = Li, Na, K) on the luminescence properties of MgZn2(PO4)2:Eu3+ phosphors.
Photoluminescence and energy transfer mechanisms of Tm3+ doped Y2O3 laser crystals: experimental and theoretical insights
Authors: Ju Meng , Yuan Hongkuan , Ji Wenhao , Zhao Lei , Xiao Yang , Yeung Yauyuen
Published: August 2023

The ground state structure of Y2O3:Tm3+ with P2 space group symmetry is uncovered for the first time. 1D2 → 3F4 and 1I6 → 3F4 emissions are predicted to be good candidates for laser actions in blue and violet wavelength regions.
IPr*Oxa – a new class of sterically-hindered, wingtip-flexible N,C-chelating oxazole-donor N-heterocyclic carbene ligands
Authors: Podchorodecka Pamela , Dziuk Błażej , Szostak Roman , Szostak Michal , Bisz Elwira
Published: August 2023

We report a new class of sterically-unsymmetrical NHC ligands. The evaluation of steric, electronic properties and coordination chemistry is described. Studies of catalytic activity in Ag, Pd and Rh-catalyzed reactions are presented.
Speciation analysis of Tc radiopharmaceuticals by HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-HRMS
Authors: Horstmann Maximilian , Austrup Melanie , Busch Felix , Faust Andreas , Sperling Michael , Karst Uwe , Clases David
Published: August 2023

99mTc is commonly employed in radiotracers scintigraphy. New methods to inquire identity and to perform quantitative characterization are presented.
Acoustofluidic lysis of cancer cells and Raman spectrum profiling
Authors: Nam Hyeono , Park Jong-Eun , Waheed Waqas , Alazzam Anas , Sung Hyung Jin , Jeon Jessie S.
Published: August 2023

Acoustofluidic cancer cell lysis and particle mixing facilitate Raman spectrum profiling.
Functional nucleic acids for the treatment of diabetic complications
Authors: Wen Wen , Wei Yuzi , Gao Shaojingya
Published: August 2023

A number of functional nucleic acids are used for treating diabetic complications, including diabetic foot ulcers, diabetic nephropathy, metabolic syndrome, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy.
Two-dimensional NiCl2 monolayers as a promising multifunctional anchoring material in sodium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Chen Lei , Gui Shuxin , Zhao Jingxiang
Published: August 2023

By means of DFT computations, we proposed 2D NiCl2 as a promising Na–S anchoring material.
Colloidal polystyrene-supported cooperative imidazolidinone/thiourea catalysts for efficient aldol reaction and substrate-selective Knoevenagel condensation in water
Authors: Xiao Wei , Wang Zihao , Yang Jinxiang , Qiu Meishuang , Peng Yan , Xiong Xiaorong , Lu Yizhuo , Chen Tianyou , Xu Zushun
Published: August 2023

Colloidal polystyrene-supported cooperative imidazolidinone/thiourea catalysts were developed for efficient aldol reaction and substrate-selective Knoevenagel condensation in water.
An unnatural amino acid modified human insulin derivative for visual monitoring of insulin aggregation
Authors: Sen Shantanu , Ali Rafat , Singh Harminder , Onkar Akanksha , Bhadauriya Pratibha , Ganesh Subramaniam , Verma Sandeep
Published: August 2023

We have developed an innovative approach that offers visual self-monitoring of insulin quality and may provide consumers the freedom to self-investigate their insulin dosage quality right before usage.
Zwitterion–neutral form equilibria and binding selectivity of pyridineboronic acids
Authors: Ortega-Valdovinos Luis Ramón , Chino-Cruz Jose Guadalupe , Yatsimirsky Anatoly K.
Published: August 2023

The selectivity of pyridineboronic acids to sialate anions in an acidic medium is interpreted quantitatively by combining the pH-profiles with Brønsted type correlations for binding constants with preferrable forms of boronic acids.
Facile synthesis of CoPNC-encapsulated Co2P nanoparticles as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Yang Shiliu , Ren Linyi , Wu Shihang , Huang Zijie , Liu Wenting , Zhu Qiyong , Wei Yijun
Published: August 2023

Coupling transition metal phosphide with metal–nitrogen–phosphorus-doped carbon (MPNC) can produce highly active bifunctional electrocatalyst for the rechargeable Zn–air batteries.
Analysis of the heat transfer fluctuations in the Rayleigh–Bénard convection of concentrated emulsions with finite-size droplets
Authors: Pelusi Francesca , Ascione Stefano , Sbragaglia Mauro , Bernaschi Massimo
Published: August 2023

We numerically study the heat transfer fluctuations in emulsions with finite-size droplets under Rayleigh–Bénard convection. As droplet concentration increases, we observe extreme heat flux fluctuations arising from collective droplet motion. We analyze their localisation, extension and duration.
Non-Maxwellian viscoelastic stress relaxations in soft matter
Authors: Song Jake , Holten-Andersen Niels , McKinley Gareth H.
Published: August 2023

Soft matter systems often exhibit viscoelastic stress relaxation processes that deviate from the Maxwell model of linear viscoelasticity. We survey their diverse physical origins, and introduce mathematical models for describing these processes.
Understanding of the properties of neural network approaches for transient light curve approximations
Authors: Demianenko Mariia , Malanchev Konstantin , Samorodova Ekaterina , Sysak Mikhail , Shiriaev Aleksandr , Derkach Denis , Hushchyn Mikhail
Published: August 2023

Context.Modern-day time-domain photometric surveys collect a lot of observations of various astronomical objects and the coming era of large-scale surveys will provide even more information on their properties. Spectroscopic follow-ups are especially crucial for transients such as supernovae and most of these objects have not been subject to such studies.

Aims.Flux time series are actively used as an affordable alternative for photometric classification and characterization, for instance, peak identifications and luminosity decline estimations. However, the collected time series are multidimensional and irregularly sampled, while also containing outliers and without any well-defined systematic uncertainties. This paper presents a search for the best-performing methods to approximate the observed light curves over time and wavelength for the purpose of generating time series with regular time steps in each passband.

Methods.We examined several light curve approximation methods based on neural networks such as multilayer perceptrons, Bayesian neural networks, and normalizing flows to approximate observations of a single light curve. Test datasets include simulated PLAsTiCC and real Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey light curves of transients.

Results.The tests demonstrate that even just a few observations are enough to fit the networks and improve the quality of approximation, compared to state-of-the-art models. The methods described in this work have a low computational complexity and are significantly faster than Gaussian processes. Additionally, we analyzed the performance of the approximation techniques from the perspective of further peak identification and transients classification. The study results have been released in an open and user-friendly Fulu Python library available on GitHub for the scientific community.
Myocardial Preservation during Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Team Endeavor
Authors: Swan Henry
Published: August 2023

Myocardial failure is the primary cause of death following operation using hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. The mean mortality rate for coronary bypass in Medicare patients in the United States for 1984 was 5.5%.1njury to the heart is caused by aortic cross-clamping or total circulatory arrest. The lesion of hypoxia is characterized by progressive acidosis. The severity of acidosis correlates with the degree of post-operative myocardial dysfunction. In decision making concerning the management of perfusion or of operative technique, prevention and/or treatment of myocardial acidosis takes precedence over other considerations. Recent advances in understanding the effect of temperature on acidbase equilibria, and the recent introduction of online blood gas monitoring devices have given the perfusionist the necessary means to achieve perfusion which keeps the patient on the alkaline side of biological neutrality. Similarly, the surgeon should utilize the protective value of frequent coronary infusions with a cold, oxygenated, alkaline, buffered, anti-oxidant blood cardiopreservation solution. Figures and tables are presented which enable the perfusionist to understand hypothermic acidbase management, and to use appropriately hyperventilation and high flow perfusion, avoiding any use of CO2 gas, while monitoring the patient’s course using venous blood samples which are uncorrected for temperature. With this team approach, improvement in operative mortality can be expected.
A New Approach in the Regulation of the Partial Pressure in Cardiotomy Suction During Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Dassen Willem R. , Geilen Jan
Published: August 2023

During open heart surgery, the drainage of cardiotomy is sometimes interrupted by occlusion of the suction tip or vent against cardiac or thoracic tissue, causing a rise in partial vacuum in the suction system, which may lead to increased hemolysis. Mechanical safety valves can be used to avoid this. However the use of such valves is limited for negative pressure regulation on fixed levels. In order to be able to control the existing or created pressure, we developed an electronic system capable of monitoring and adjusting the pressures to a selected level. When this level is reached, and electromagnetic valve is opened, titrating air into the system until the partial pressure has dropped to 80% of the preselected value. This electronic approach also offers the possibility to make use of the signal as a feedback to control the vacuum, by controlling the rotations of the roller pump. Furthermore, the signal can be used for trend registration or application in hemodynamic calculations. This vacuum regulation system enables the perfusionist to minimize possible destruction of blood elements in the cardiotomy suction system and to devote his attention to the physiological state of the patient rather than to the equipment.
Anesthetic Waste Gas Management For Hollow Fiber Membrane Oxygenators
Authors: Justison George A.
Published: August 2023

Breathing of anesthetic waste gas has been shown to be harmful to operating room personnel. Improper use of scavenging systems with Hollow Fiber Membrane Oxygenators (HFMO) has been associated with arterial embolism. This study looked at the efficacy of a continuously vented active scavenge system. Environmental room air was tested for the presence of halogenated agents at 1, 3, and 6 foot radii from the HFMO. Presence of waste gas was measured using gas flows from 0.5 to 10.0 LPM and anesthetic gas concentrations from 0.5 to 5 percent of the total gas flow. Analysis shows that the continuously vented scavenge system maintains the environmental level below the recommended level of 2ppm.
Clinical Evaluation of the Oxysat 2 Monitoring System
Authors: Baris Ronald R. , Wilt Suzanne Lorenzo , Schiavo Joseph , Klobus John J. , Mcafee Thomas
Published: August 2023

A clinical study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of the Oxysat 2 Monitoring System. A series of 17 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were studied to compare venous saturation and hematocrit results with standard laboratory values. Samples were analyzed using the Auto Crit Centrifuge and the Corning 2500 Co-Oximeter. Upon analysis of the data, graphs plotting correlation of hematocrit values demonstrated an r2 value of 0.67595 between Oxysat 2 and the Corning 2500. Graphs plotting correlation of percent hematocrit using the Auto Centrifuge and Corning 2500 show an r2 value of 0.94119. Further analysis of graphs plotting correlation of venous saturation using the Oxysat 2 and the Corning 2500 indicated an r2 value of 0.86597.

This study indicated a statistically good correlation of saturation values using the Oxysat 2, while only a statistically moderate correlation was achieved using hematocrit results.
Crystalloid Cardioplegia Versus Oxygenated Crystalloid Cardioplegia in the Isolated Rat Heart
Authors: Whittaker Steven , Puri Sushma , Watson David A.
Published: August 2023

To determine if the protection afforded by a crystalloid cardioplegic solution could be enhanced by the addition of oxygen, 12 rat hearts were studied using an isolated perfused heart model, with a 2-hour ischemic arrest at 20°C.

Group 1 hearts (n = 6) received a crystalloid cardioplegic solution every 30 minutes of the arrest. Group 2 (n = 6) was treated identically except that the cardioplegic solution was oxygenated. Pre-arrest (control) and post-arrest coronary effluent enzyme levels, heart rate and coronary vascular resistance were determined. In addition time to spontaneous defibrillation was measured.

Control coronary effluent lactate dehydrogenase was elevated in group 2 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the other control parameters.

Post-arrest coronary effluent creatine kinase in group 1 and group 2 hearts was 640.67 ± 263.23 and 62.9 ± 43.83 (± SEM) (p<0.05 t-test). The post-arrest heart rate was 200.6 ± 13.8 and 245.5 ± 13.5 (p<0.05). One heart failed to spontaneously defibrillate and one had an irregular rhythm, both were in group 1. Time to spontaneous defibrillation was 58.4 ± 5.71 for group 1 and 44.67 ± 2.7 for group 2 (p<0.05). Post-arrest coronary effluent lactate dehydrogenase was 442.32 ± 180.74 and 100.07 ± 32.08 and showed no significant difference (p = 0.06).

This study demonstrates that at 20°C, markers of ischemic injury are significantly improved, leading us to conclude that the addition of oxygen to the cardioplegic solution may enhance its myocardial protective effect.
Demonstration of Heparin Reversal with Protamine Administration Using an Automated Protamine Dose Assay: A Comparison of Two Methods
Authors: Rivard Dennis C. , Thompson Steven J.
Published: August 2023

Systemic heparinization is required in procedures utilizing extracorporeal circulation. Once the procedure is complete, heparinization must be reversed. The drug used to neutralize heparin is protamine sulfate. The complications associated with protamine administration are well documented. An accurate and safe method of determining optimal dose is a clinically desirable tool.

A comparison study of 317 patients was performed using two different methods of protamine dose determinations. The first method utilized the classic Bull heparin dose-activated clotting time (ACT) curve determined prior to bypass. The second consisted of a protamine titration curve constructed using a Hemochron CA510 tube containing diatomaceous earth and a PDA699 tube containing a known amount of lyopholized protamine. The intercept of the protamine titration curve with the baseline ACT was multiplied by patient fluid volume to determine protamine dose. All ACT determinations utilized an automated technique.

A comparison of the two methods showed that 95% of the sample (p<0.001) returned to an ACT baseline with a decreased protamine administration using the protamine titration assay.
Expanded Use of the VPCML Oxygenator
Authors: Bourland Mary E. , Schneider Joel A. , Solar Clarence C. , Wellons Harry A. , Kauten James R.
Published: August 2023

The Variable Prime Cobe Membrane Lung (VPCML) is a membrane gas exchange device originally developed for the short term cardiopulmonary support of infants and small adults. A particular advantage is its low static priming volume of 425 cc. To assess the efficacy of the VPCML in heavier patients, we used it for cardiopulmonary bypass in 123 consecutive adult patients weighing 47-120 kg (mean 78 ± 15 kg). Arterial and venous blood gases were obtained simultaneously at maximum hypothermia and during rewarming.

Venous pO2 was used to assess the adequacy of perfusion. Mean venous pO2 during rewarming between the 60–70 kg group (n=22) and the 90–100 kg group (n=17) was 38±8 mmHg and 38±6 mmHg respectively (p = NS). Our results, with a mean flow of 3.79 ± 0.39 LPM, showed excellent gas exchange at maximum hypothermia and during rewarming regardless of weight range.

In summary, our experience with the VPCML oxygenator demonstrates its ability to safely and efficiently oxygenate a wide range of adult patients while keeping priming volume to a minimum.
Low Volume Isolated IN SITU Lung Perfusion: Results of Studies of Metabolic Stability
Authors: Basile-Borgia Annette , Rannels D. Eugene , Williams Dennis R.
Published: August 2023

Non-ventilatory lung functions involve uptake and release of compounds across the pulmonary vascular bed. Alterations in these functions may be readily assessed in an isolated, ventilated, small mammal lung perfusion preparation. A previously documented preparation is known to maintain metabolic stability of in situx rat lungs for at least 240 minutes. That model, developed by Watkins and Rannels, requires a rotating drum oxygenator which necessitates the use of 100 ml of perfusate buffer. The effects of 100 ml dilution limit the ability to measure uptake and release of metabolites because increased sensitivity of assay procedures or more prolonged experiments are required. A recently developed preparation requires only 25 ml of recirculating perfusate, clearly reducing substrate and metabolite dilution, and enhancing the sensitivity for detection of changes in pulmonary metabolism.

The intent of this study was to test the vascular permeability and metabolic stability of this low volume lung perfusion model. The low volume, in situ lung perfusion model remained stable for as long as 3 hours. Metabolic stability of the model was demonstrated by measurements of water balance, glucose uptake, lactate production, and protein synthesis. The clinical relevance of isolated lung perfusion is discussed with specific reference to metabolic functions of the lung.