bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Known data on CoVid-19 infection linked to type-2 diabetes
Authors:   Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai-600100, India, Vidhya Rekha U
Published: February 2022

It is of interest to document the known data on CoVid-19 infection linked to type-2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia, inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis, altered cytokine synthesis, phagocytic cell dysfunction, impaired T cell-mediated immune responses, and inadequate microbia were all seen in people with Diabetes. Individuals with diabetes have also been shown to elevate levels of the proinflammatory cytokine, especially IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and different markers such as C reactive protein, D-dimer, and fibrinogen. This will prolong the cytokine storms and lead to severe illness in diabetic individuals with COVID- 19 infection. The role of acute glycemic control after COVID- 19 manifestation on clinical outcomes has not been known in detail. Known data shows that hyperglycemia facilitates local viral replication in the lungs and impairs anti-viral immune response. Thus, acute glycemic management plays an important role in limiting viral replication and disease progression in patients with diabetes. The available evidence implicates diabetes as important risk factors impacting the clinical severity of SARS-CoV-2.
Workforce framework for cybersecurity (NICE Framework) (Spanish translation)
Authors: Petersen Rodney , Santos Danielle , Smith Matthew C , Wetzel Karen A , Witte Greg
Published: February 2022

This publication describes the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) Cybersecurity Workforce Framework (NICE Framework), a reference structure that describes the interdisciplinary nature of the cybersecurity work. It serves as a fundamental reference resource for describing and sharing information about cybersecurity work and the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) needed to complete tasks that can strengthen the cybersecurity posture of an organization. As a common, consistent lexicon that categorizes and describes cybersecurity work, the NICE Framework improves communication about how to identify, recruit, develop, and retain cybersecurity talent. The NICE Framework is a reference source from which organizations or sectors can develop additional publications or tools that meet their needs to define or provide guidance on different aspects of cybersecurity workforce development, planning, training, and education.
Determinantal and permanental representations of companion sequences associated to the r-Fibonacci sequence
Authors:   USTHB, Faculty of Mathematics, RECITS Laboratory, Belbachir Hacène , Djellas Ihab-Eddine ,   USTHB, Faculty of Mathematics, RECITS Laboratory
Published: February 2022

Recently companion sequences of r-Fibonacci sequence were defined. The aim of this paper is to give some determinantal and permanental representations of these sequences via Hessenberg matrices. Several representations of classical sequences and polynomials are established. We conclude by using our representations to give n consecutive terms of companion sequences simultaneously.
Glycan processing in the Golgi as optimal information coding that constrains cisternal number and enzyme specificity
Authors: Yadav Alkesh , Vagne Quentin , Sens Pierre , Iyengar Garud , Rao Madan
Published: February 2022

Many proteins that undergo sequential enzymatic modification in the Golgi cisternae are displayed at the plasma membrane as cell identity markers. The modified proteins, called glycans, represent a molecular code. The fidelity of this glycan code is measured by how accurately the glycan synthesis machinery realizes the desired target glycan distribution for a particular cell type and niche. In this article, we construct a simplified chemical synthesis model to quantitatively analyse the trade-offs between the number of cisternae, and the number and specificity of enzymes, required to synthesize a prescribed target glycan distribution of a certain complexity to within a given fidelity. We find that to synthesize complex distributions, such as those observed in real cells, one needs to have multiple cisternae and precise enzyme partitioning in the Golgi. Additionally, for a fixed number of enzymes and cisternae, there is an optimal level of specificity (promiscuity) of enzymes that achieves the target distribution with high fidelity. The geometry of the fidelity landscape in the multidimensional space of the number and specificity of enzymes, inter-cisternal transfer rates, and number of cisternae provides a measure for robustness and identifies stiff and sloppy directions. Our results show how the complexity of the target glycan distribution and number of glycosylation enzymes places functional constraints on the Golgi cisternal number and enzyme specificity.
The shadow model: how and why small choices in spatially explicit species distribution models affect predictions
Authors: Commander Christian J. C. , Barnett Lewis A. K. , Ward Eric J. , Anderson Sean C. , Essington Timothy E.
Published: February 2022

The use of species distribution models (SDMs) has rapidly increased over the last decade, driven largely by increasing observational evidence of distributional shifts of terrestrial and aquatic populations. These models permit, for example, the quantification of range shifts, the estimation of species co-occurrence, and the association of habitat to species distribution and abundance. The increasing complexity of contemporary SDMs presents new challenges—as the choices among modeling options increase, it is essential to understand how these choices affect model outcomes. Using a combination of original analysis and literature review, we synthesize the effects of three common model choices in semi-parametric predictive process species distribution modeling: model structure, spatial extent of the data, and spatial scale of predictions. To illustrate the effects of these choices, we develop a case study centered around sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) distribution on the west coast of the USA. The three modeling choices represent decisions necessary in virtually all ecological applications of these methods, and are important because the consequences of these choices impact derived quantities of interest (e.g., estimates of population size and their management implications). Truncating the spatial extent of data near the observed range edge, or using a model that is misspecified in terms of covariates and spatial and spatiotemporal fields, led to bias in population biomass trends and mean distribution compared to estimates from models using the full dataset and appropriate model structure. In some cases, these suboptimal modeling decisions may be unavoidable, but understanding the tradeoffs of these choices and impacts on predictions is critical. We illustrate how seemingly small model choices, often made out of necessity or simplicity, can affect scientific advice informing management decisions—potentially leading to erroneous conclusions about changes in abundance or distribution and the precision of such estimates. For example, we show how incorrect decisions could cause overestimation of abundance, which could result in management advice resulting in overfishing. Based on these findings and literature gaps, we outline important frontiers in SDM development.
Market Handling Practices Effect on the Nutritional Profiles of Honey-beans and Groundnuts from Three Different Markets in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Olufunmilola Mosuro, Aderonke , Abimbola Eniola Ogundele, , Folasade Ayodele, , Olusola Abiola Ladokun, , Chinoso Esther Obiodiaka,
Published: February 2022

Honey-beans and groundnuts serve as major plant protein sources, market handling practices may affect their nutrient profiles. This study evaluates market-handling practices effects on nutritional profiles of two protein-rich raw-foodstuffs from three markets in Ibadan, Nigeria. Raw honey-beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and groundnut seeds (Arachis hypogaea) were purchased from Dugbe, Sango and Oja-Oba markets (chosen based on their differences) in Ibadan. The samples were cleaned and assayed in triplicates for proximate and mineral compositions (Iron, Zinc, Magnesium and Calcium) according to standard procedures using 3 × 2 factorial method in a completely randomized design. Data were subjected to ANOVA using SAS (2002) and means separated with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (at α0.05), results of proximate analysis were in percentages while minerals were in mg/Kg.  Results showed variations (p<0.05) in dry matter based on different markets. Dry matter content was similar (P>0.05) in Dugbe (91.37±0.67) and Sango (91.46±0.43) market samples but higher (P<0.05) in Oja-Oba (90.64±1.81) samples. Crude protein content of samples from Sango (28.40±11.11) was higher (p<0.05) compared with other locations. Crude fat of honey-beans (24.32±0.44) and groundnut (1.97±0.64) were significantly different (p<0.05). Similarly, crude fibre content of honey-beans (32.42±2.09) and groundnut (16.46±1.33) were different (p<0.05). Results showed similarities in ash content of honey-beans (5.16±0.32) and groundnut (4.85±0.65). Carbohydrate content varied according to sample-type and location; carbohydrate in groundnut (27.88±0.55) was higher (p<0.05) than in honey-beans (14.06±1.92) whereas, carbohydrate content of samples from Dugbe (21.75±7.37) and Sango (21.14±8.87) were different (p<0.05) from each other but both were similar (p>0.05) to samples from Oja-Oba (21.02±7.38). Magnesium content of honey-beans (40.06±9.18) was higher than groundnut (3.11±0.71) while Calcium in honey-beans (5.97±1.25) was also higher (p<0.05) compared with groundnut (2.23±0.54). Variations were observed due to interaction effects of sample-type and market handling. Conclusively, market practices affected nutritional content of selected protein-rich raw foodstuffs.
Impact of Income Diversity on Export Trade in RCEP Countries
Authors: Sha Lujuan , Zhang Xiaoyu , He Bing
Published: February 2022

Industrial structure has become an important factor affecting a country’s export trade. With the signing of RCEP, it is necessary to analysis the impact of industrial structure on export trade for those RCEP countries. Through two-way fixed effects approach, this study constructs an income diversity index to measure the diversity of industrial structure and uses a panel data of 14 RCEP countries (excluding Brunei) from 2006 to 2019 to analyze the impact of income diversity on export trade. This study found that: (1) The income diversity of RCEP members has a significant positive effect on their export trade performance; (2) A sub-sample analysis shows that the income diversity of lower-middle and high-income economies has a significant positive effect on their export trade, while the upper-middle-income economies did not show a significant impact. In order to achieve the ambitious goal of high-quality economic development, members at various stages of development should their own formulate development strategies based on their own industrial economic characteristics and expand international trade competitiveness.
Antioxidant Activities of Vitamin C and Bi-carbonate Buffers on Hormones Secretion and Serum Metabolites of Heat-stressed Rabbit Buck
Authors: Anoh K. U. , Archibong E. E. , Nsa E. E. , Udoekong E. C. , Jimmy N. P.
Published: February 2022

Aims: To evaluate the antioxidant activities of vitamin C and bicarbonate buffers on hormones secretion and serum metabolites of heat-stressed rabbit buck.

Methodology: A total of twenty-five (25) Adult rabbit bucks (New Zealand White crosses) of 12 months old were used in this study. The rabbits were randomly allotted into the experimental treatments of five treatment groups with five (5) rabbits per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment groups consisted of Control, Sodium Bicarbonate (Na2HCO3) and Potassium bicarbonate (KNO3), Vitamin C, and baobab fruit pulp meal (BFPM) as supplements respectively. The experiment lasted for 9 weeks. Temperature humidity of the pen house and thermoregulatory condition of the rabbits were evaluated. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from the ear vein at 10.00 h from four rabbits chosen randomly from each group of rabbits respectively before and the end of the experiment for serum metabolite, thyroxine and testosterone hormones evaluation.

Results: It was found that Vitamin C and BFPM significantly (P<0.05) reduced thermoregulatory parameters and increased hormonal secretions. The pattern of secretion of serum metabolites was not significantly (P<0.05) consistent.

Conclusion: It was concluded that Vitamin antioxidants were more effective to ameliorate heat stress than bicarbonate buffers.
Assessment of Coagulation and Haematological Parameters among Pregnant Women in Port Harcourt
Authors: Echonwere-uwikor Beauty Eruchi , Uwikor Fred Kpane , Chukuigwe-Igbere Orokwu Eziaku , Chukwu Priya Homa , Worlu Gift Ogechi
Published: February 2022

Background: Pregnancy is the fertilization and development of an embryo or fetus in a woman's uterus. It is a critical stage of development during which maternal nutrition can strongly influence obstetric and neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pregnancy on some coagulation and haematological parameters of pregnant women residing in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Method: This case-control study investigated 80 pregnant subjects and 20 non-pregnant controls. Haematological parameters were determined using a fully automated The SysmexXP-300, while the coagulation parameters (PT and INR) were determined with the automated method.

Results: The mean PT (s), HB (g/dl), PCV (%), PLT (x109/L), RBC (mcL), LYMPH (%), BASO (%) and EOSIN (%) counts were significantly lower among the pregnant subjects (5.02±5.82, 11.00±1.13 g/dl and 33.81±3.89%, 189.6±52.93 × 109/L, 3.95±0.50, 43.93±10.10 %, 0.9385±1.08 % and 1.12±1.32 %) compared to the non-pregnant controls (1.68±2.37, 12.01±1.29 g/dl, 37.31±3.39 %, 235.6±72.37 × 109/L, 4.45±0.35, 43.24±9.06, 2.11±0.94 and 2.15±1.47) respectively. There were no significant differences in the INR, MONO (%), MPV (fl), MCV (L/C), and MCH (g/c) between the pregnant subjects (0.92±0.11, 5.41±2.59 %, 11.67±4.848, 84.26±3.77 and 28.06±3.54) and non-pregnant controls (0.88±0.11, 5.58±2.65, 11.14±5.45, 82.52±10.45 and 26.96±1.85). The NEUT (%), PDW (%) and WBC (x109/L) were significantly higher among the pregnant subjects (44.90±11.24 %, 13.26±2.56 % and 8.35±2.982 x109/L) compared to the non-pregnant controls (46.63±9.96 %, 10.78±1.80 % and 4.71±0.81 x109/L).

Conclusion: This study has shown that pregnancy has a significant effect on some haematological and coagulation parameters of pregnant women in Port Harcourt. The result of this research work indicates the need to routinely monitor the complete blood count, thrombocytopenia and hyper-coagulative activity among pregnant women of African descendant.
Surgical Outcomes of Bone Cement Augmented Screw Fixation, Cannulated Screws and Vertebroplasty in Osteoporotic Spine
Authors: Sakr Ibrahim Adel , Ahmed Shamhoot Ebrahim , El-Hay Mokbel Essam Abd , El-Deen Ali Ibrahim Saif , Mohamed Shafiq Ibrahim
Published: February 2022

Background: osteoporosis is a common morbidity characterized by a systemic impairment of bone mass and microarchitecture that results in bone fragility fractures leading to decreased quality of life.

Methods: This study was conducted upon 30 adult patients with osteoporotic spine subjected to bone cement augmentation in the department of Neurosurgery, Tanta University Hospitals between January 2020 and January 2021.

Results: Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) ranged from 64-85 with mean 78±18.8 before surgery and 21-44 after surgery with mean 33±15.6. Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS) ranged from 7-9 pre-operatively with a mean value 8.2±1.8 and from 1-3 post-operatively with a mean value 2.3±1.6.
A Study of the Antimalarial Activity of Combined Plant Extracts Traditionally Used in Kenya
Authors: Ouma J. J. , Mungai N. , Gathirwa J. W. , Orwa J. A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Due to resistance and cost of current antimalarial drugs in use, there is need to continue searching for effective and affordable treatment for this disease. Traditional medicinal plants have been focused on as source of such drugs.

Methodology: For this study, combined crude extracts from six plants used in Kenya were tested in vitro against chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain using the [3H] hypoxanthine uptake assay and in vivo using Plasmodium berghei on mice. Cytotoxicity tests were done using the MTT based colorimetric assay on Vero 199 and selectivity index used to assess safety of the extracts with the best activity.

Results: In vitro results with combinations involving Zanthoxylum chalybeum with four of the extracts indicated activity below IC50 10µg/ml. A combination of S. pinnata and Toddalia asiatica extracts exhibited the best activity in vivo having a parasite growth suppression of 81.3% at a dose of 500mg/kg. S. pinnata and T.asiatica combination had CC50 values of 102.93±5.96µg/ml and >1000µg/ml with selectivity indices of 9.52 and 15.24 respectively, indicating good therapeutic potential due to their safety margins.

Conclusion: The results obtained from both in vitro and in vivo tests support the use of the plants selected in traditional treatment of malaria. A combination of methanol fruit extract of T. asiatica and methanol whole plant extract of S. pinnata showed promising parasite growth suppression against P. berghei that was comparable with Artemether and was synergistic on in vitro testing against chloroquine- resistant W2 strain of P. falciparum.
Evaluation and Assessment of the Expression of DNA Damage Response – Related Molecules in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) with OSF
Authors: Bagulkar Bhupesh , Hande Alka , Chaudhary Minal , Gawande Madhuri , Verma Tarun , Patil Manoj , Jha Hem Chandra
Published: February 2022

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is the most common chronic, progressive and irreversible potentially malignant disorder with high probability of malignant transformation (MT). From a clinical as well as the histological point of view, establishing and understanding the molecular nature of malignant transformation mechanism in OSF is almost important. The majority of genetic alteration caused by exogenous and endogenous mutagens is restored by the cell’s ability by DNA Damage Response (DDR). DDR mechanism dysfunction is one of the leading causes of MT. In OSF, this investigation remains scare.

Objectives: To determine the DDR molecules expression (γΗ2ΑΧ, 53BP1, pChk2 and p53) in subjects with habit of arecanut and tobacco without OSF, OSF and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with OSF and compare and quantify the expression among them.

Methodology: Material and Methods: 90 subjects with 30 individuals in one of the three groups would be included in the given study. Group A: Subjects with habit of arecanut and tobacco without OSF. Group B: Patients with OSF. Group C: Patients having OSCC with OSF. DDR molecule (γΗ2ΑΧ, 53BP1, pChk2 and p53) expression will bequantified by RT-PCR. The expression levels will be analyzed using SPSS software version 17 using one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc comparisons using Tukey’s HSD and Categorial data will be analysed using the chi-squared test.

Expected Results: The OSF lesion prone for development of OSCC, DDR markers (γΗ2ΑΧ, 53BP1, pChk2 and p53) will accumulate before the development of p53 mutation resulting in OSCC

Conclusion: Thus, the present study assess and quantify DDR-related molecules (γΗ2ΑΧ, 53BP1, pChk2 and p53)in OSF patients suggesting the potential benefit in the prevention of OSCC due to early therapeutic exploitation of DDR.
Nerve Conduction Study in Healthy Elderly Subjects in Central India
Authors: Taksande Avinash B. , Rawekar Alka , Kumar Sunil
Published: February 2022

Background: Electrodiagnostic study is performed in a neurophysiology lab diagnosed peripheral neuropathy. Effect of ageing on nerve and muscle inform of muscle contractility decreased, change in the metabolism of muscle and neuromuscular junction transmission and reduced nerve conduction velocity. As the ageing population increases, information regarding the course of normal ageing, its impact on the nervous system, ways to maintain wellness, and disease that impact the elderly and their management is necessary. Therefore, this proposed study aims to elucidate the effect of physiological factors (height, Body Mass Index and gender) on nerve conduction study and find out the normative data for healthy elderly subjects in central India.

Objectives:

1) To establish normative data of nerve conduction study in Ulnar, median Tibial, and Peroneal nerves in normal healthy elderly subjects.

2) To find out the effect of height, body mass index and gender on nerve conduction in healthy elderly subjects.

Methodology:   This will be a Cross-sectional study with participants aged > 60 years of both healthy subjects will be included in the study. The procedure will be performed after written consent from all the subjects. A normative data consist of parameters as distal motor Latency, peak to peak Amplitude and conduction velocity in motor nerve; peak to peak amplitude and nerve conduction velocity for sensory nerves. F wave minimum latency of motor nerve

Nerve conduction study will be performed on Neuron Spectrum 5 (Neurosoft) machine.   

Results: Normative data will compare with globally published literature.

Conclusion: The study is expected to draw observation in relation to variables cited with the objectives, which will be compared to draw inference over normative data of nerve conduction studies in healthy elderly subjects from the Wardha district.
Comparative Evaluation & Correlation of Severity of Temporo-Mandibular Joint Disorders and Airway Difficulty in Class I and Class II Vertical Growth Pattern Cases
Authors: Gilani Rizwan , Shrivastav Sunita , Vishnani Rozina , Daigavane Pallavi , Niranjane Priyanka , Wankhede Anand N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: There are contradictory opinions regarding the role of occlusal factors in the initiation of TMDs. These patients rarely visit or are referred to Orthodontists or dentists which also accounts for these TMDs being undiagnosed. There is conflicting evidence where most often TMDs are linked to occlusal prematurities. Undiagnosed. There is conflicting evidence where most often TMDs are linked to occlusal prematurities. There  is a need to assess TMJ dysfunction before beginning of orthodontic treatment so that necessary precautions can be taken while ongoing orthodontic treatment. Also, between the stages of orthodontic treatment. TMJ evaluation will be helpful in monitoring any signs of TMJ dysfunction and TMD disorders so it can be identified and therapeutic measures can be taken. Many studies have been conducted to measure the pharyngeal airway difficulty; however, comparison with Class II individuals and the correlation between the variables involved in Class II malocclusion with airway measurements and TMD clinically has not been conducted, which encouraged the present study.

Materials & Methods: Total 50 patients in the age group of 18-30 years visiting the outpatient Department of Orthodontics will be selected after screening and divided into two groups as follows: Group A (Control Group) - 25 class I malocclusion patients. Group B (Experimental group) - 25 class II Division -1 malocclusion in patients having vertical growth pattern. For clinical evaluation of TMD The routine diagnostic pre-treatment records will be taken for each selected patient. For clinical evaluation of airway difficulty SUSMITA Airway Prediction Analysis will be used. The cases will then be subjected to MRI scan for 3Dimensional evaluation of TMJ and Airway. The results obtained will then be subjected to statistical analysis for evaluation, comparison & co-relation.

Expected Outcome: There exists a positive co-relation between severity of TMDs and airway difficulty in class II vertical growth pattern cases.
Reactive Sulphur Species and Exposome: A Perspective on Potential Role in Alleviating UV-Induced Stress
Authors: Husain Noreen , Raub Ruhayah Abdul , Akbar Nurafiqah Binti Nur 'Adzan Fadzil , Hamid Hisyam Abdul
Published: February 2022

Exposome is a field of study that identifies and recognises the impact of environmental exposures on a person's health and development, starting from the prenatal period onward. Oxidative stress is commonly associated as one of the underlying mechanisms of ultraviolet radiation (UV)-induced damage in the skin, due to the overproduction of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. Evidently, overexposure to UV radiation will cause a disturbance in the ability to balance the ROS levels in the body, leading to damaging effects such as protein modifications, lipid peroxidation, and DNA mutations, which will progress into cell death. Reactive sulphur species (RSS) are molecules that have the capability to oxidise or reduce biomolecules under physiological conditions. In this review, the mechanism of UV-induced cellular damage will be discussed and later lead to the conclusion on how RSS plays an important role in combating oxidative stress induced by UV exposure.
Splinting in Periodontics: An Update
Authors: Sinha Harshita , Jaiswal Priyanka
Published: February 2022

Establishing a stable or proper occlusion enhances the retention of teeth and the maintenance of periodontal health. Mobile teeth with good periodontium can be managed alone with occlusal equilibration; whereas mobile teeth with compromised periodontium can be stabilized by using splints. Splinting increases the life expectancy of loose teeth by providing support for the periodontium to reconnect as well as improving comfort, function, and aesthetics. From ancient times splinting has been used to control the tooth mobility but still it remains poorly understood and disputable areas of dental therapy. This article discusses splinting, its principles, rationale, indication, contraindication, prerequisite, history, and classification.
Extracellular Proteases Production in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates
Authors: Jatt Abdul Nabi , Kumar Ameet , Bano Shaista , Tunio Sarfraz Ali , Memon Nazakat Hussain , Kandhro Farhatullah , Dahri Abdul Sami , Memon Babar Aijaz
Published: February 2022

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria are responsible for wide range of infections, while the treatment of such infections has become a challenge for public health. Moreover, the production of extracellular proteases by these pathogens has recently been considered as a major virulence factor as the staphylococcal proteases can inactivate and cleave several important host proteins, including elastin, proteinase inhibitors and heavy chains of all human immunoglobulins. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify MRSA strains from various clinical samples (pus, blood, urine and skin) followed by screening for the production of extracellular proteolytic enzymes. The identification of the clinical isolates was achieved by microscopic and specific biochemical methods. MRSA strains were identified by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using cefoxitin antibiotic discs. The extracellular protease activity was detected using casein medium by agar plate and well-diffusion bioassay methods. A total of 114 MRSA clinical isolates were isolated and pure cultured from different (n=191) clinical specimens (pus, blood, urine and skin). It was observed that 51.7% (n=59) MRSA isolates were recovered from pus samples, while 23.7% (n=27), 16.7% (n=19) and 7.9% (n=09), were obtained from blood, urine and skin samples, respectively. The enzymatic analysis of the MRSA isolates showed that 68.4% of them were highly positive for the production of the extracellular protease enzymes. Extracellular protease production was frequent in the clinical isolates of MRSA suggesting a critical role of the production of extracellular proteases in pathogenesis of MRSA in humans.
Phytochemical, UV-Visible and FTIR Assessment along with in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Tephrosia purpurea Linn Root
Authors: Jirvankar Pranita S. , Khobragade D. , Chandewar S. , Pimpale A. , Gawali R. , Lokade A. , Maske A. , Agrawal R.
Published: February 2022

Aims: The original phytochemical, UV-Visible, and FTIR Spectral estimation of Tephrosia purpuria root was the subject of this study. Natural phytoconstituents were all found in methanolic extracts from the root of Tephrosia purpuria.

Study Design:  Experimental research work.

Methodology: Furthermore, using UV Visible spectrophotometer equipment, the extract was scanned in the range of 380 to 900 nm, and the characteristic peaks were identified.

Results: The UV-VIS data indicated peaks at 382.70, 413.68, 536.18, 610.37, and 664.61 nm, with absorption values of 2.7930, 2.5932, 0.3114, 0.4185, and 1.5966 respectively. The presence of Natural phytoconstituents is confirmed by FTIR spectra. The findings confirm that this plant has key bioactive elements that are beneficial to our health, indicating that more research is needed.

Conclusion: Natural phytoconstituents were all found in methanolic extracts from the root of Tephrosia purpuria.
Awareness, Seeking Behaviors and Preventive Practices towards COVID-19 among Najran University Students
Authors: Aedh Abdullah I. , Elfaki Nahid Kh.
Published: February 2022

Background: New corona virus (COVID-19), as an international health threat poses a challenge to physical as well as psychological resilience in the affected countries.

Objective: The aim of this survey is to explore the level of awareness, health seeking behaviors and preventive measures towards COVID19 among Najran University students.

Methodology: By adopting a convenient sampling technique, an observational and cross-sectional study was carried out at Najran University, Najran city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A self-reporting electronic questionnaire had been utilized for collecting data.

Results: A total of 684 students voluntarily completed the questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 20.2±4.1 The most cited source for obtaining information about COVID-19 was the social media (51%). Females showed higher level of knowledge and awareness about the symptoms of the disease than males (74.3% vs 69.9%) respectively, although the difference was not significant with (P-value >0.05). Concerning compliance with preventive measures, medical students were significantly aware and complying with various preventives measures towards COVID-19 (P-value <0.05). Moreover, females seem to be significantly more keen in seeking medical advice when needed than males (P-value <0.05). Almost more than two-third of the respondents know the recommended general precautions in terms of wearing masks, not to touch outdoors surfaces directly without gloves and avoiding crowded places. 556 (81.3%) of the participants believe that they should wear face-masks outdoors. Interestingly, 6% of the participants thought that they prefer to take some herbs daily in different forms to avoid being infected with COVID-19. Additionally, females had an overall higher Mean tension level towards being infected than males (Mean± SD was 5.61 ±1.65 vs 4.55± 1.63) respectively.

Conclusion: It was concluded that the students have high level of knowledge and awareness about COVID-19, beside positive attitudes to preventive measures and acceptable health seeking behaviors. It is highly recommended that the entire Najran University community level of awareness be assessed to design and implement educational programs when needed.
Radiological Shortening of the Ramus: A Reliable Guide for Diagnosis of Unilateral Mandibular Condylar Fracture
Authors: Haidry Tasneem Zoeb , Channar Kashif Ali , Kumbhar Aftab Ahmed , Shaikh Tarique Hussain , Pershad Ram , Maheshwari Bahvesh , Narejo Sip
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the radiological shortening of the ramal height on an Orthopantomogram (OPG) x-ray and Lateral Cephalogram for the diagnosis of a unilateral condylar fracture.

Study Design: Comparative Study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS), Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Hyderabad over a period of 6 months.

Methodology: The study included 100 patients coming to the OMFS department, 50 of them with unilateralcondylar fracture made up the patient group, and the other 50 for the extraction of lower wisdom tooth comprised the control group. Both groups were having the standardized OPGs alone with lateral cephalograms with them, age ranging from 18 and above of either gender. The following linear mandibular measurements were obtained in mm such as body length, ramal height and ramal shortening using both of the radiographs, respectively. Mean values of left and right sides of the OPG and the lateral cephalogram were calculated for both the parameters that is ramus height and body length. Comparison of the said parameters was also done, subsequently.The collected data  was analyzed with the software SPSS 21.0 and Microsoft Excel.

Results: A total of 100 patients had been assessed and compared on the basis of the radiological shortening of the ramal height on the OPG x-ray and Lateral Cephalogram. The obtained data showed that there was a decrease in the ramal height on OPG as well as Lateral Cephalogram of the fractured patients compared to the non-fractured side, but there was a decrease in the ramal  height of patients in the control group as well without having any fracture.

Conclusion: The shortening of ramal height measured on an OPG and Lateral Cephalogram cannot be relied upon to diagnose a unilateral condylar fracture.
Drug Prescription Pattern in Osteoarthritis in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Siddiqui Riyaz A. , Shende Tanaji R. , Salankar Harsh V. , Rode Sonali B.
Published: February 2022

Objective: Drug prescribing studies aim to provide feedback to the prescriber and to create awareness among them about rational use of medicines. The primary aim of drug utilization research is to facilitate the rational use of drugs in patients. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease and the leading cause of pain in elderly people. The aim of the study was to study the prescription pattern of drugs used in the management of osteoarthritis.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for period of 12 months in collaboration with the department of Orthopaedics. A total of 300 patients enrolled in the present study with fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients’ data was recorded in case report form and analysed to study the prescription pattern.

Results: Out of the total 300 patients enrolled in this study, Osteoarthritis was found to be more common in females. In our study 58.3% of patients were females as compared to 41.7 % of male patients. Patients of age group 46-60 years (60%) were most commonly affected followed by 61-75 years (30.3%). Etoricoxib was the most commonly used NSAID in 28.3% of patients followed by Aceclofenac in 18%, combination of Aceclofenac and Paracetamol in 15.6% & combination of Tramadol and Paracetamol in 8.3% of patients.

Conclusions: In our study it is seen that osteoarthritis affects females more often than males and the knee joint is the most commonly affected joint. Etoricoxib was the most prescribed drug because of good gastrointestinal tolerance.
Effect of Brushing Simulation on the Surface Roughness of Two Different Commercially Available Glass Ionomer Cements - An In Vitro Study
Authors: Jose Shilpa Merlyn , Ganesh S. Balaji , Jayalakshmi S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a restorative material used in dentistry which can also be used as luting cement and for fixing orthodontic appliances. The main components found in GIC are silicon, calcium, sodium and fluoride. In order to improve the toughness of the cement, speed of setting and resistance to wearing, water content of the glass-ionomer cement was replaced by water-soluble polymers or monomer systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of brushing simulation on the surface roughness of two different commercially available glass ionomer cements.

Materials and Methods: GC gold label and D Tech are commercially available glass ionomer restorative cements chosen for this present study. 5 samples were prepared from each. The samples were checked for pre-surface roughness using a stylus profilometer and then subjected to brushing. Toothbrush simulator (ZM3.8 SD Mechatronik) with minimum pressure of 3N and a fluoridated toothpaste was used for brushing. Then the post surface roughness was again checked and the results were tabulated and then statistically analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: Surface roughness was increased after brushing simulation in both GC gold label and D Tech GIC samples. This difference was statistically not significant (paired student t, p value = 0.763).

Conclusion: D-tech GIC samples had less surface roughness after brushing simulation when compared to GC Gold label samples.
Comparison of Various Diagnostic Modalities for Genital Tuberculosis in Sub-Fertile Women in Rural Hospital
Authors: Deo Asawari , Shrivastava Deepti
Published: February 2022

In India, tuberculosis of the genital tract, particularly of the Fallopian tubes and endometrium, is a leading cause of persistent infertility in women. The identification of FGTB so that therapy can begin as soon as possible is still a clinical problem. The paucibacillary character of the illness, as well as the few diagnostic assays available, make laboratory diagnosis problematic. Because of the lengthy and tough treatment, a confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is required to assist and urge the patient to comply. In a rural hospital, the review compares multiple diagnostic methods for genital TB in infertile women. This review includes descriptions of the condition as well as reports that are now accessible and focus on the tests and procedures required for early identification and treatment of female genital tuberculosis [FGTB].
RP HPLC Method Development for Simultaneous Estimation of Etoricoxib and Thiocolchicoside
Authors: Sharma Anchal , Chaudhary Amit , Singh Bhupendra
Published: February 2022

A simple, specific and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Etoricoxib and Thiocolchicoside in bulk and solid dosage form. Separation was achieved by Zorbax C-18 analytical column having dimension (250mm * 4.6 mm i.d 5.0 µm) using methanol and water (60:40) as mobile phase and flow rate was 0.7ml/min. The detection was carried out at 283 nm wavelength using UV detector. The total chromatographic sample time per analysis was about 14.0 minutes with thiocolchicoside eluted at retention time 3.523 min and etoricoxib eluted at retention time 9.627 min. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, rapid, reliable and reproducible. LOD and LOQ value for etoricoxib and thiocolchicoside were found to be 0.332, 0.996 ppm and 0976, 0.928 ppm respectively. Regression Equation for Etoricoxib was y = 0.006x + 0.149 and regression equation for thiocolchicoside was Y = 0.030x + 0.086. As the run time was increased the retention time was decreased, so the method is simple and economical and can be adopted by regular quality control in industries and also in research laboratories.
The Predictive Influence of Interest in Online Learning of Pharmacy Students’ Achievement in General Biology
Authors: Joannes Anyaegbunam Ngozi , Ebere Ibe , Oguguo Basil C. E. , Ene Catherine U. , Okeke Agnes O. , Ugwu Chidinma B. A. , Ngwu Ngozi A. , Anekpo Chijioke C. , Ukalla Geofrey , Onu William O.
Published: February 2022

Objectives: This study determined the prediction of students` interest in online learning on their academic achievement in general biology among the first-year undergraduate pharmacy students in Nigeria.

Design: A correlational research design was adopted for the study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Nigeria between 2020/2021 academic session.

Methodology: The study participants comprised of 370 undergraduate students drawn from faculty of pharmacy using multistage sampling procedure. Interest in online rating scale (IORS) and general biology achievement test (GBAT) were research instruments used for the study. The internal consistency reliability indices of the instruments were established using Cronbach alpha and Kudder-Richardson formula 20 (K-R20) to be 0.79 and 0.71 respectively.

Results: The findings of the study showed that students` interest in online learning significantly predicted their academic achievement in general biology. It was also found that the influence of gender on the amount of prediction of interest in online learning on students` academic achievement in general biology was not significant. The study showed that the regression model for predicting students` academic achievement in general biology from their interest in online learning is: BAA = 17.145 + 0.235(SLA) -0.505(SSA) + 0.305(SCA) -1.0143 (ARA) -0.012(ORA).

Conclusion: Interactive online learning platforms and forums where students can have access to question and answers on previous examinations as well as interact with instructors in solving examination problems should be made available. Students should make relentless efforts to engage in online related activities that will stimulate their interest and that teachers and parents should make online learning tools available to students so as to engage them in online learning often.
Comparison of Surface Roughness of Two Commercially Available Glass Ionomer Cements after Brushing Simulation with Herbal and Fluoridated Toothpaste - An In vitro Study
Authors: Kishore S. Obuli Ganesh , Jayalakshmi S. , Ganesh S. Balaji
Published: February 2022

Introduction:  Glass ionomer cement is a restorative material used in dentistry as a filling material and luting cement. Nowadays many consumers have started using natural toothpaste in order to avoid synthetic and artificial products. The aim of this study is to compare the surface roughness of two commercially available glass ionomer cements after subjecting them to brushing simulation with herbal and fluoridated toothpaste.

Materials and Methods: Glass ionomer cements of two different brands (D- tech and gold label) were moulded into small discs of custom sizes. Their surface roughness before subjecting them to brushing simulation was recorded using Mitutoyo SJ 310 stylus profilometer. Then the glass ionomer cement pellets were mounted on die stones. 4 samples of D-tech and 4 samples of gold label were taken. The mounted samples were placed in a tooth brush simulator (ZM3.8 SD Mechatronik). The samples were subjected to 30000 cycles of brushing with standard and herbal toothpastes. After brushing simulation the GIC samples were again checked for their surface roughness using the stylus profilometer.

Results: The values were recorded and analysed in the SPSS software. The obtained results from the one way ANOVA test were depicted in the form of tables and graphs. Surface roughness of D-Tech Colgate group GIC samples was increased after brushing simulation. The p-value is 0.469 < 0.05, hence statistically not significant.

Conclusion: From the results obtained we can conclude that gold label brand glass ionomer cement showed less surface roughness when compared to D tech brand glass ionomer cement after brushing simulation with herbal and fluoridated toothpaste.
Study of Factors Involved in Perforative Peritonitis and Its Significance to Mortality and Morbidity
Authors: Bhalla Pulkit , Pardeshi C. Z. , Kshirsagar A. Y.
Published: February 2022

Background: Peritonitis caused by gastrointestinal perforation is one of the most prevalent surgical emergencies worldwide. Early detection and treatment of Perforation Peritonitis may significantly minimize morbidity and death. The result is improved by surgical treatment and good perioperative care. The purpose of this clinical trial is to assess the outcome of perforation peritonitis. Hence the present study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare institute to study factors involved in perforative peritonitis and its significance to mortality and morbidity.

Materials and Methods: It was a Prospective Observational Study, conducted over a period of 18 months at the department of General Surgery, KIMSDU, Karad, among the patients presenting in emergency room of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Karad, between any age group, with symptoms of acute pain in abdomen with gas under diaphragm seen on either chest radiograph or x-ray erect abdomen.

Results: In the present study we assessed the Operative procedures among the study subjects. We observed that open appendectomy was performed among 23.08% study subjects, open perforation closure was performed among 26.92% study subjects, resection and anastomosis was performed among 8.46% study subjects, resection anastomosis and Stomy was performed among 6.92% study subjects, simple closure was performed among 34.62% study subjects.

Conclusions: All the MPI parameters: extension of peritonitis, presence of organ failure, time of presentation, type of exudates, presence of malignancy, age, found to be associated with severity of peritonitis.
Effects of gravity around charged and rotating collapsars in metrics with independent parameters
Authors:   Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Zakir Zahid
Published: February 2022

The external metric of the ball with a charge on the surface, as a solution to the Einstein-Maxwell equations, depends on three independent parameters - the surface radius, the charge and the gravitational radius of the ball, which is equal to the gravitational radius of a neutral non-rotating matter. The electric field exists only outside the ball, and its energy contributes to the metric with the same sign as the matter. Therefore, an increase in charge enhances gravity, increasing the magnitude of its effects (redshifts, orbital radii and shadows, etc.). The metric outside the spherical collapsar follows from the metric of the ball as the surface asymptotically approaches the gravitational radius and therefore includes two parameters instead of three, and its observable consequences are the same as for a ball with a given surface radius. The metric outside such a collapsar during its rotation also includes the rotation parameter as an independent parameter. The new form of the Kerr-Newman metric also includes an independent parameter - the gravitational radius at the pole. In it, the contributions to the metric of the energies of matter and rotation have the same sign, and an increase in the rotation parameter also enhances gravity, increasing the magnitude of its effects (gravitational radius at the equator, redshifts, average radii of orbits and shadows). These consequences are physically correct, but they are inverse to the previous non-physical predictions based on the standard Reisner-Nordström, Kerr and Kerr-Newman metrics. The latter included the total mass at infinity depending on the charge and/or rotation parameter, and predictions were made without taking this dependence into account, which led to the erroneous conclusion that an increase in charge and/or rotation parameter weakens gravity, reducing the magnitude of its observed effects.