bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol for obtaining rodent brain slices for electrophysiological recordings or neuroanatomical studies v1
Authors: Alejandra Cáceres Chávez Verónica , Alejandra Parra Reyes J. , A.Herrera Valdez Marco , C Mckiernan Erin
Published: March 2019

Patch clamp recording performed in vitro using brain slice preparations is a standard technique used in cellular biophysics and neurophysiology to study the electrical activity of neurons. In particular, our research group is interested in obtaining patch clamp recordings from neurons in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampal formation to investigate how the excitability of neurons change during development and aging. To carry out these experiments, we must first dissect out the brain and obtain slices, all while keeping the brain healthy so that the neurons survive and can later be recorded. Here we outline our procedures for anesthetizing, perfusing, dissecting out the brain, and finally obtaining slices. This protocol can also be used as a teaching tool to train students in the handling and dissection of rodents, and the preparation of brain tissue. The slices obtained can also be used for neuroanatomical studies or in training students to identify different brain structures. Our goals in sharing this protocol are to be transparent about our scientific methodology and to help other researchers performing similar experiments. Funding: This work was supported by a grant from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT IA209817 to Erin C. McKiernan.
edX Learner and Course Analytics and Visualization Pipeline v3
Authors: Ginda Michael , Borner Katy , Richey Michael , Cousino Mark
Published: March 2019

The edX Student and Course Analytics and Visualization Pipeline is analytics and visualization pipeline using edX course database and user logs, written in R to 1) to extract and process student users and performance data, course structures and event logs; 2) create learner trajectory networks of use and pathways through course content and activity modules; 3) analyze the students use of course content modules; and 4) aggregate student performance and interaction measurements for a given course.
Innovative methods of neural reconstruction for tomographic images in maintenance of tank industrial reactors
Authors: Rymarczyk Tomasz , Kłosowski Grzegorz
Published: March 2019

The article presents an innovative concept of improving the monitoring and optimization of industrial processes. The developed
method is based on a system of many separately trained neural networks, in which each network generates a single point of the
output image. Thanks to the elastic net method, the implemented algorithm reduces the correlated and irrelevant variables from
the input measurement vector, making it more resistant to the phenomenon of data noises. The advantage of the described solution
over known non-invasive methods is to obtain a higher resolution of images dynamically appearing inside the reactor of artifacts
(crystals or gas bubbles), which essentially contributes to the early detection of hazards and problems associated with the operation of industrial systems, and thus increases the efficiency of chemical process control.
Availability analysis for a multi-component system with different k-out-of-n:G warm standby subsystems subject to suspended animation
Authors: Wang Yu , Guo Linhan , Wen Meilin , Yang Yi
Published: March 2019

Industrial equipment or systems are usually constructed as a multi-component series system with k-out-of-n:G subsystems to fulfill
a specified function. As a common type of standby, warm standby is considered in the multi-component series system with k-outof-n:G standby subsystems. When a subsystem fails, the non-failed subsystems are shut off and cannot fail, which is defined as
suspended animation (SA). If the SA is ignored the non-failed subsystems are assumed to keep working in the SA time, which will
cause inaccuracy in the availability analysis for the system. In this paper, we focus on the SA to construct an availability model for
a multi-component series system with k-out-of-n:G warm standby subsystems. Multiple continuous time Markov chains are constructed to model the system availability. A Monte Carlo simulation has been carried out to verify our method. Several interesting
findings are obtained. 1) The failure rates of subsystems with SA and their limits are derived. 2) The closed-form expressions for
the stationary availability of the system and subsystems, mean time to failure, mean time to repair and stationary failure frequency
are obtained considering SA. 3) The system stationary availability is a monotone function for its parameters. 4) The SA effect on
the stationary availability should be emphasized in two cases, one is both the value of n/k and the failure rate of active components
in a k-out-of-n subsystem are relatively large or small, the other is both the value of n/k and the repair rate are relatively small.
Criterion for crack initiation from notch located at the interface of bi-material structure
Authors: Mieczkowski Grzegorz
Published: March 2019

The fracture process of bi-material structure with the notch was analysed in this work. For fracture prediction, a criterion based on
the Theory of Critical Distances was used. Under analysis were elements made of aluminium alloy and polymer combination (with
a various structural notch-tip angle), which then were subjected to the three-point bending test. Values of critical loads resulting
from the used hypothesis were compared with values obtained from the experiment. Validation of the selected criterion required
defining a qualitative and quantitative description of singular stress fields present around the structural notch-tip area. Therefore,
such solutions were obtained and methodology of their determining was discussed.
Selected problems of ambiguity of the dual price of water in the post-optimization analysis of the water supply system
Authors: Wawrzosek Jacek , Ignaciuk Szymon , Bochniak Andrzej
Published: March 2019

In literature it is believed that the dual price of water is an objective premise for shaping the market price of water. However, the authors note that a single vector of dual prices in the distribution of water, when ambiguous, should not become the basis for making decisions both regulating the price of water and affecting the procedures for modernizing the water supply network. This work cautions water management engineers not to duplicate common software errors and indicates how, despite the complete lack of literature tips, the technical problems encountered could be practically solved. The linear dependence of the row vectors of the left-hand parameters of binding constraints in the linear programming model for water consumption is identified here as the reason for the ambiguity of dual price vectors. This ambiguity in the issues of water distribution requires shaping alternative technical scenarios allowing for a variant selection of the method for modifying the water abstraction system. Therefore, the principles for determining the proportionality of simultaneous changes in certain parameters of the right-hand conditions of constraint conditions are described. These principles for the optimal selection of the most productive vectors for the parametric linear programming method were formulated and indicated on a simplified model of water distribution. The methodology developed in the work enables, among others, generating alternative technical scenarios for saving varying amounts of water, resulting in various financial savings
Effect of radial internal clearance on the fatigue life of the radial cylindrical roller bearing
Authors: Chudzik Agnieszka , Warda Bogdan
Published: March 2019

The paper presents result of the research on influence of internal radial clearance in radial cylindrical roller bearing on its fatigue
durability. By solving the Boussinesq problem for the elastic half-space and finite elements method, stress distributions were determined, necessary to estimate predicted fatigue life of the bearing. The calculations took into account geometrical parameters of
the bearing: its radial clearance and shape of rolling parts. Predicted radical clearance was computed by using the Lundberg and
Palmgren model. ANSYS program allowed to introduce the analysis of von Mises stress distribution in any plane of cooperating
components. The outcome revealed, radial cylindrical roller bearing will have highest endurance with slight radial clearance.
THE BASIS THEORIES OF SYSTEMS' TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Prykhodko Y.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the article is to justify the theoretical basis and methodological foundations of the systems' transformation in the context of the influence of external and internal factors. The author substantiates the regularities and principles of system' transformation, determines the external and internal factors of this process, reveals their objectivity and subjectivity; the general law of transformation of systems is defined and formulated; An approach to mathematical modeling of systems is proposed on the basis of complex consideration and application of external and internal factors. The general law of systems transformation is definite for the first time. The law objectively takes into account all existing theories and concepts concerning transformation, self-organization and modernization of systems. The obtained research results allow at the present stage of development of science to create a universal approach and the corresponding equipment for modeling, analysis and evaluation of the degree of transformation of systems of any origin.
Municipium e municipalización na Asturia et Callaecia romanas
Authors: Fernández Calo Martín
Published: March 2019

Analízase a implantación histórica do municipium romano na Asturia et Callaecia a través da reunión e crítica exhaustiva do seu rexistro documental, fundamentalmente de natureza epigráfica. Constátase así un proceso xeral de municipalización entre as comunidades ástur-galaicas, canda certas irregularidades locais.
KATMERLİ BİR YABANCILAŞMA OLARAK GÖÇMENLİK ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL AÇIKLAMA DENEMESİ
Authors: SAYIN Hüdayi
Published: March 2019

Yabancılaşma, insana ait olanın kendisine
ait olmaktan çıkması ve ona karşı kullanılması durumudur. Öznenin varoluşsal
anlamından kopuşu, kendi gerçekliğine
uzaklaşışını ifade eder. Marx’ta yabancılaşma, varlıktan kopuşu, tersine dönüşü, öznenin nesnenin
hizmetine ve denetimine girmesini ifade eder. Marx, insanı bir doğa varlığı ve
doğaya ait kabul eder. İnsan, önce yabanlık
durumunu tamamlar. Yabanlığın aşılmasından sonra barbarlığa geçer, uygarlığa erişir. Barbarlık, insanı toplumsal işbölümü ile tanıştırır. İşbölümü ve onun ikiz kardeşi özel mülkiyet, insanlığın tarihinin doğal sonucu olarak toplumsal bölünmeyi yaratırken bilinci terse döndürür ve yabancılaşmayı başlatır. Uluslararası göç, hareketsiz iki
sınır arasında yer değiştiren katılaşmış varlıkları içermez, değişen, süregiden hareketli değerler
taşıyıcısı, etkileyen ve etkilenen insan öznelerin
seyyaliyeti ile ilgilidir. Seyyal varlık olarak göçmen, varlığını oluşturan,
gerçekleştirdiği ülkesel bütünlüğü terkederken, öznelliğinden birşeyleri terkederek, eksilterek ilerler.
İçinde ilerlediği süreç, onu kendisine yabancılaştırır, dışsallaştırıp nesneleştirir.
Metin boyunca, göçmenin içinde varlığından
kopup, gerçekliğinden uzaklaştığı süreç, Marksist yabancılaşma kuramı çerçevesinde
tartışılacaktır.
AKADEMİDE İŞE YABANCILAŞMA OLGUSU: ARAŞTIRMA GÖREVLİLERİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ALAN ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: AYDIN Erhan , ÖZEREN Emir
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışma, araştırma görevlilerinin akademiye yabancılaşmaları
olgusunun altında yatan sorunları, örüntüleri yabancılaşmanın ‘anlamsızlık’, ‘güçsüzlük’,
‘kendine yabancılaşma’, ‘normsuzluk’ ve ‘yalıtılmışlık’ boyutları çerçevesinde
ele alarak ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile Türkiye
bağlamında devlet üniversitelerinden toplamda 25 İİBF araştırma görevlisi ile
yarı yapılandırılmış, derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Akademiye
yabancılaşmalarının ana nedenlerinin kanundan, statüler ve bireyler arasındaki
eşitsizliklerden, psikolojik baskıdan, iş ortamından ve kayırmacılıktan
kaynaklandığı gösterilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın keşifsel bir yaklaşım ile
akademik kariyerlerinin henüz başında olan, genç bilim insanlarının akademiye
yabancılaşmalarına yol açan boyutlara odaklanarak yükseköğretimde karar
alıcılar ve yabancılaşma konusunda gelecek çalışmalar için kuramsal bir
başlangıç noktasını oluşturmasını beklemekteyiz.
Prevalencia de maloclusiones de Angle en niños de 9 a 13 años
Authors: Palacios Hidalgo Lorena , Carrillo Diego
Published: March 2019

El presente estudio se realizó con el fin de determinar la prevalencia de maloclusiones en niños de 9 a 13 años de edad de la escuela fiscal “Diego Abad de Cepeda”, perteneciente al Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. La población muestral fueron 150 niños, comprendidos por 72 hombres y 78 mujeres en los rangos de edades establecidos; en los cuales se analizó bajo el método de observación: la clase molar de Angle, clase canina, medidas de overjet-overbite, y la existencia de mordida cruzada posterior. Se encontró que la clase I molar de Angle y la clase I canina fueron las maloclusiones con mayor prevalencia, 68% y 68% respectivamente. El overjet y overbite se encontró en su mayoría, valores normales (Promedio: 2.44mm y 2.39mm). Existió el 2% de mordidas cruzadas posteriores. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio ayudan a crear un perfil de una población ecuatoriana con relación a las maloclusiones.
CALCULATION OF THE NUMBER OF PALINDROMS IN A BINARY SYSTEM
Authors: Lyubimov V. V. , Melikdzhanyan R. V.
Published: March 2019

The work deals with symmetric numbers in the binary number system, called palindromes. The aim of the work is to derive the dependence of the number of palindromes on their digit. The dependences of the number of palindromes for even and odd digits are obtained separately.
Homicidio juvenil en México y su impacto en la esperanza de vida masculina: variaciones geográficas y factores asociados
Authors: González Perez Guillermo Julián , Vega López María Guadalupe
Published: March 2019

Se analiza el impacto del homicidio juvenil (entre 15 y 29 años) en la esperanza de vida masculina en México y sus 32 estados en los trienios 2004-2006 y 2014-2016, y se identifican los factores que mejor explican las variaciones en los años de esperanza de vida masculina perdidos (AEVMP) por homicidio juvenil a nivel estatal en 2014-2016. A partir de datos oficiales, se calcularon la esperanza de vida temporaria masculina (EVTM) entre 0 y 85 años y los años de esperanza de vida masculina perdidos, total y por homicidio juvenil. Mediante un análisis de regresión lineal, se identificaron factores asociados con las variaciones de los años de esperanza de vida masculina perdidos por homicidio juvenil entre estados. La esperanza de vida temporaria masculina decreció entre ambos trienios en el país y en 25 estados, mientras que los años de esperanza de vida masculina perdidos por homicidio juvenil se incrementaron en 31 estados, en ocho de ellos la cifra fue superior a 0,5 en 2014-2016. Factores como la presencia del narcotráfico, de armas de fuego ilegales y la percepción de inseguridad explican las variaciones de los años de esperanza de vida masculina perdidos por homicidio juvenil entre estados en 2014-2016.
THE QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT AND RISK TO HEALTH OF THE POPULATION RESIDING UNDER THE EXPOSURE TO EMISSIONS FROM COLORED METALLURGY ENTERPRISES AND WOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY
Authors: Vekovshinina Svetlana A. , Kleyn S. V. , Zhdanova-Zaplesvichko I. G. , Chetverkina K. V.
Published: March 2019

In the residential area under the impact of emissions from non-ferrous metallurgy and woodworking industry, the quality of atmospheric air was shown to fail to meet the requirements of hygienic standards for the content of suspended solids in air [≤ 4 MPC for maximal single dose (MPCmsd), ≤ 12.5 MPC for average daily dose (MPCadd), phenol (≤ 5.6 MPCmsd, ≤ 4.83 MPCadd), formaldehyde (≤ 1.56 MPCmsd, ≤ 6.58 MPCadd), fluoride gaseous compounds (≤ 3.75 MPCmsd, ≤ 12.4 MPCadd), etc. The quality of potable water in the centralized water supply system from surface water source corresponds to hygienic standards but, and in drinking water from the underground water source hygienic standards of iron content are exceeded (up to 1.1 MPC, 3.6% of samples). Also, in the study area, exceedances of permissible concentrations in lead soils are observed up to 2.09 MAC (7.84% of samples) and fluorine up to 4.68 MPC (87.04% of samples). The individual carcinogenic risk for the children of the study area is, on average, 1.18 ∙ 10-3, for the adult population, an average of 5.25 ∙ 10-3, and exceeds the acceptable level of carcinogenic risk by about 52.5 times. The individual non-carcinogenic risk for the short-term exposure to chemicals is by up to 9 times higher than the acceptable level. The individual non-carcinogenic risk for the chronic multimodal intake of the studied chemicals exceeds the permissible value of the total hazard index by to 33.4 times with respect to respiratory disorders. Priority factors that determine the level of risk to public health are chemicals present in emissions from enterprises producing primary aluminum (Benz(a)pyrene, fluorides, sulfur dioxide, suspended substances) and cellulose (phenol, methyl mercaptan).
EVALUATION OF HEALTH OF THE POPULATION LIVING IN THE ZONE OF THE EXPOSURE TO THE PLANT ON PROCESSING OF FERROVANADE ALLOYS
Authors: Maklakova Olga A. , Zaytseva N. V. , Ustinova O. Yu.
Published: March 2019

A total of 366 children aged from 4 to 10 years living in the territory with the presence of vanadium at atmospheric air at a level of up to 1.2 MPC average daily dose (MPC add) and manganese - up to 2.2 MPCadd were examined. In conditions of the chronic aerogenic exposure to vanadium and manganese, unacceptable levels of chronic non-carcinogenic risk to respiratory health (HI up to 72.3) and central nervous system (HI up to 41.3) are formed. The comparison group included 358 children of similar age who were not exposed to vanadium and manganese. In exposed children, the average content of vanadium and manganese in the blood appeared by 1.1-3.5 times higher than the reference levels and by 4.2 times than in the comparison group. During the clinical-functional and laboratory examination every second child with a high blood content of vanadium and manganese was established to show chronic respiratory diseases and pathology of the nervous system. It was noted that in the observation group chronic lymphoproliferative diseases of the nasopharynx are diagnosed by 2.3 times, chronic allergic rhinitis - by 8.5 times more frequently. Every third child of the observation group was revealed to have a restrictive disorder of breathing. The syndrome of autonomus dysfunction occurred in 12% of exposed children and manifested as sinus bradyarrhythmia or sinus tachycardia. Exposed children with a high blood content of vanadium and manganese develop oxidative stress (1.3 times increase in the content of lipid hydroperoxide, a 1.3-fold decrease in the level of total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase in the blood serum), and a violation of the mechanisms of biological regulation at the molecular level (an increase in the level of nitric oxide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, a decrease in the content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate).
THE USE OF RESULTS OF EXPANDED MONITORING RESEARCH FOR THE INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER ACCORDING TO INDICES OF CHEMICAL HARMLESSNESS
Authors: Vozhdaeva Margarita Yu. , Kholova A. R. , Vagner E. V. , Kantor E. A. , Kantor L. I. , Trukhanova N. V. , Melnitsky I. A.
Published: March 2019

According to results of the estimation of drinking water on the index of the chemical harmlessness of five water intake structures of the city of Ufa, the drinking water of a superficial water intake on total and population cancerogenic risks was shown to be more harmful in comparison with water from infiltration water intakes. At the same time, drinking water from an infiltration water intake with ultra-violet disinfecting has smallest values of cancerogenic and non-cancerogenic risks. Trigalogenmetans and dichloroacetic acid (water disinfection chlorine by-products)| make the main contribution to the value of the total cancerogenic risk of the studied drinking waters, trigalogenmetans and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate make the contribution to the value of noncancerogenic risk. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons fail to have a significant impact on the value of total cancerogenic risk of drinking water of the city in view of their presence at low concentration. Work is carried out according to R 2.1.10.1920-04 and MR 2.1.4.0032-11.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SITUATION NEAR SANITARY PROTECTION ZONE OF POWER LINES
Authors: Grigoriev O. A. , Gubernskiy Yu. D. , Alekseeva V. A. , Prokofyeva A. S. , Goshin Mikhail E.
Published: March 2019

The article gives the review of criteria for the assessment of an electromagnetic situation near power lines. Settlement modeling has been executed and the actual data is characterizing a condition of the electric and magnetic field in the territory near power lines of 500 kV and 220 kV. The research of the impact of the power-frequency magnetic field from power lines in the apartments on the example of the building under construction located at distance of 60 m from the power line of 500 kV is reported. Values of the magnetic flux density at the borders of sanitary-protective zones of power lines were shown to meet Russian sanitary standards. At the same time outside this zone to the adjacent residential areas, there was fixed the excess in the performance of the magnetic flux density according to the standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The measurement of the magnetic flux density on different floors of the building under construction has shown that the maxima, recognized at floors 4 and 5 (0.3 mT) are on the border of the range recommended by the WHO; in case of the recalculation of these values on a maximum load of the line an obvious excess of the indices recommended by the WHO is observed. Thus, the area of the residential development in modern conditions may actually be located in the strip residential areas with uncertain criteria of the safety assessment, respectively, the population living in such conditions, is a potential contingent for epidemiological surveys on the program of the international electromagnetic WHO project.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY IN THE STRUCTURE OF FUNCTIONAL CONDITIONS IN COMMUNICATION WITH SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL QUALITIES OF WATCH EMPLOYEES OF THE MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT
Authors: Porokhina Irina A. , Voytekhovich T. S. , Simonova N. N.
Published: March 2019

The authors prove the relevance of the study of the effectiveness of professional activities of employees in relation to personal characteristics and functional states in extreme conditions, especially in conditions of the shift work in the Far North. The purpose of the study was to analyze the interrelationship between the efficiency of professional activities of shift workers in a mining and processing factory with their social and psychological qualities and functional states during the shift-work period. Study group: 41 shift workers of the mining and processing factory of one of the diamondiferous deposits of the Arkhangelsk region. Methods of research included the psychological testing, set of psychophysiological techniques. The research show the social-psychological characteristics of the personality such as an evaluation of others as an etalon of oneself, moderate severity of altruistic type of attitude towards people, desire to achieve results in their activities at an average level, ability to control one’s feelings and emotions to be important for the effectiveness of the professional activity of shift specialists. The states of high effective workers are estimated at the level of the norm according to the indices of well-being and mood, the activity is estimated below the norm. The states of high-performance workers are also characterized by heteronomy and a strong degree of predominance of the right hemisphere. Average effective workers have a setting for the result at a level above the average, developed the ability to control one’s feelings, responsibility towards people. The states arising in the course of the labor activity, average-effective workers are estimated to be on average higher than the group of highly efficient workers. They are more autonomous and have a small degree of predominance of the right hemisphere. Employees, judged by experts as average-effective, resort to the use of the adaptation strategy for the emergency job, highly effective workers use economical strategy.
ON THE ISSUE OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN HEALTH WORKERS AND THEIR DETECTION IN PERIODICAL MEDICAL INSPECTIONS
Authors: Kondrova Nina S. , Shaikhlislamova E. R. , Sandakova I. V. , Simonova N. I. , Karpova N. N.
Published: March 2019

The retrospective analysis of the morbidity rate, the loss of the workability in health workers of the Republic of Bashkortostan with occupational diseases over the period from 1960 to 2015 was executed. The distribution of absolute and relative indices of the occupational morbidity rate by years is presented. The factors of the production environment and the labor process contributing to the development of occupational diseases are singled out. The leading place in the structure of the primary morbidity is held by occupational diseases associated with chemical (toxic-allergic) factors, the second - with diseases associated with the impact of physical factors; the third - diseases from the influence of biological factors.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE JUSTIFICATION OF REGIONAL POPULATION STANDARDS OF “QUALITY OF LIFE” RELATED WITH THE HEALTH OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE OMSK REGION)
Authors: Kozubenko Olga A. , Turchaninova M. S. , Vilms E. A. , Shirinsky V. A. , Sokhoshko I. A.
Published: March 2019

Currently, many developed countries have produced and applied population standards of quality of life, which are used as health status indices in formulating preventive measures and assessing their effectiveness. The study of children and adolescents quality of life is important, as it is one of the population health status indices. In this research, the population standards of adolescents quality of life were studied and justified on an example of Omsk region as a large administrative-territorial unit in the Western Siberia. The research was implemented in compliance with the methodology for the study quality of life. The general well-being quality of life questionnaire PedsQL 4.0. was used as the primary tools. We have investigated the quality of life of 427 students of secondary schools aged 13 to 17 years, residing in the city of Omsk and Omsk region. Among the surveyed were 183 boys and 244 girls. The median values and the 25th and 75th percentiles for the individual scales were: physical functioning (FF) to 87.5 (71.9-100.0) points, emotional functioning (EF) - 70.0 (50.0-85.0) points, social functioning (SF) - 95.0 (75.0-100.0) points, school life (SL) - 70.0 (55.0-90.0) points, psychosocial health (PH) - 76.7 (63.3-88.3) points and the total score (TS) was 81.5 (67.4-90.2) points. The peculiarities of formation of indices were studied depending on the gender of the subject, the area of residence and their state of health. The adolescents with a chronic disease in remission and attending the educational institution were determined to have the lower quality of life rates by reducing physical functioning. The relative distribution of quality of life indices for the individual scales of the questionnaire does not depend on the area of residence; there is an evidence of the existence of the formation of quality of life indices regularities and their relations among themselves. The results of the study are characterized by the sensitivity and reproducibility, which allowed designating the obtained values as regional population-based standards of quality of life.
ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS IN FOOD AS A HYGIENIC PROBLEM
Authors: Sheveleva Svetlana A.
Published: March 2019

The analysis of scientific data on the occurrence of the antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms from food sources is adduced. A presentation on the molecular mechanisms of its formation under the influence of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) with an antimicrobial effect, taking into account the peculiarities of their use in the animal husbandry, is given. Ways of the contamination of food with VMPs, the potential of their residues in terms of direct and indirect risks for human health, the current situation with the contamination of food products, the principles of hygienic rationing and control are described. The role of sub-inhibitory doses of antibiotics in the formation of the antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms is described, and the importance of tetracyclines as the most important agents of activation of horizontal transfer of resistance in the environment is emphasized. The factors in food chain objects contributing to the realization of different types of horizontal gene transfer are highlighted, including examples of studies implemented by the author laboratory in a specific food industry establishment. The new data on the negative consequences of physical and chemical effects of non-antibiotic nature, sublethal for microflora in food, as well as products of microbial synthesis as inhibitory technological means, manifested by the enhancement of the gene transfer and the development of acquired antimicrobial resistance in food strains, is presented. The importance of extraneous (zoonotic pathogens, intestinal commensal flora representatives, HAIs agents) and the microflora of food products especially used (biotechnological, probiotic microorganisms, GMM) as vectors for transfer of resistant microorganisms to the human body have been disclosed. The modern data of international organizations and literary sources are summarized in terms of effective practical measures to counter the formation and occurrence of the resistance, including promising innovations in agriculture aimed at alternative technologies to antimicrobials for the growing and fattening of productive animals.
METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE APPLICATION OF GENES VARIATIONS AS INDICES OF SUSCEPTIBILITY IN THE HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Shur Pavel Z. , Shlyapnikov D. M. , Kostarev V. G. , Kiryanov D. A. , Dolgikh O. V. , Luzhetskiy K. P.
Published: March 2019

The biological characteristics of the organism, including the genetic status, can be taken as the indices of the individual susceptibility. These susceptibility indices can be applied in the health risk assessment if there is shown the probability of the development of disorders induced by the exposure to environmental factors and if their cause-and-effect relationship with the exposure of these factors is proved. To distinguish the indices values of the individual susceptibility to the health risk formation in conditions of the exposure to the environmental and occupational factors it is proposed to perform consecutive identification of the contingents, risk factors and their probable effects; evaluation of the exposure of risk factors, including the use of exposure markers; genetic testing of the risk contingents; the establishment of a cause-effect relation of the likely effects (responses) with the exposure of these factors; modeling of the dependence of the probable effects (responses) on the exposure of the studied factors for subpopulations with different susceptibility indices; the characteristics of the health risk with an assessment of the additional probability (frequency) of the studied effects (responses) in subpopulation with susceptibility indices. When testing the proposed methodological approaches it was established that it is possible to use the CT gene variation FAS as an index of the individual susceptibility to the development of diseases of the upper respiratory tract with inhalation exposure to vanadium, AG gene variation HTR2A index of the individual susceptibility to the forming of feeding redundancy in peroral exposure to chloroform, CT heterozygote gene variation MTHFR index value of the individual susceptibility to the forming of the pathology of the circulatory system (hypertension) under exposure to the noise. The proposed methodological approaches for the assessment of the individual health risk associated with the exposure to the environmental factors allow more exactly defining the results of the health risk assessment for the individuals with genotype variations that do the conditioning of the excessive individual susceptibility.
THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON THE RESPIRATORY FUNCTION OF THE HEALTHY POPULATION OF VLADIVOSTOK AND PATIENTS WITH BRONCHOPULMONARY PATHOLOGY
Authors: Veremchuk L. V. , Mineeva E. E. , Vitkina Tatyana I. , Gvozdenko T. A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The climatic factors affect the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract contacting with the environment. The investigation of pulmonary ventilation plays a leading role in the diagnosis of bronchial obstruction in response to an external stimulus. Material and methods. The study included a healthy population of the city and patients with chronic catarrhal nonobstructive bronchitis (CCNB), controlled and uncontrolled asthma (131 people). The respiratory function (RF) was estimated by spirography and body plethysmography. Meteorological conditions were evaluated from the point of view of contrasting weather changes (on the survey day, on 1st and 2nd days before the survey). The degree of the climatic impact on RF was determined by the statistical module “Discriminant analysis”, used to a group of RF indices relatively adverse levels of impact of the monsoon climate. Results. The low level of the responsiveness in a healthy urban population was identified. The negative impact of climatic indices on the respiratory system in CCNB patients was observed mainly in extreme weather conditions. The influence of climatic conditions on patients with asthma depends on the level of the disease control. Discussion. The influence of climatic conditions was found to be within the adaptive and compensatory responses in a group of healthy people and CCNB patients. We assumed the use of basic drugs in patients with asthma without signs of bronchial obstruction to reduce the susceptibility of the receptors of the bronchi to the negative climatic impact. The greatest negative RF response to the impact of monsoon climate manifested both in static and in dynamic weather conditions, was observed in patients with uncontrolled asthma. It was associated with the impaired pulmonary ventilation. Conclusion. The results indicate the Far East monsoon climate to be an important risk factor for the exacerbation in patients with respiratory diseases.
PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE AND ACID-BASE STATUS OF BLOOD UNDER THE USE OF MEANS FOR INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS
Authors: Byalovsky Yury Yu. , Bulatetsky S. V. , Kiryushin V. A. , Prokhorov N. I. , Abrosimov V. N. , Glotov S. I. , Ponomareva I. B. , Subbotin S. V.
Published: March 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the duration of training on the use of personal respiratory protective equipment on indices of pulmonary gas exchange. Simulation of conditions for the use of personal respiratory protective equipment was carried out at the inspiratory resistance of 40, 60, 70 and 80% Pmmax. The study included 38 healthy male subjects aged 20 to 36 years. According to the results of the study, under the use of personal protective equipment for the respiratory system, preliminary training was shown to be essential. In the subjects without preliminary training, the use of personal protective equipment was followed by a weak change in the nature of the respiratory pattern. After the preliminary training subjects had an adaptive rearrangement of the respiratory pattern, consisted of the decline in breathing movements as the respiratory resistance increased. Preliminary training to the exposure of additional resistance to breathing, altered pulmonary gas exchange and acid-base state of blood. The trained subjects had higher pCO2 blood values and lower values of pO2. They showed a greater deficit of buffer bases of plasma compared to untrained ones. This fact testified the preliminary training for the use of personal respiratory protective equipment (long-term adaptation) changed the gas composition and acid-base state of the blood to be a more economical mode of the discharge of buffer systems. On the basis of the data obtained, the preliminary training for increased respiratory resistance was suggested to be advisable before the using personal respiratory protective equipment.
FEATURES OF THE RESPONSE OF THE BLOOD SYSTEM IN PHTHALATES PRODUCTION WORKERS
Authors: Karamova L. M. , Krasovsky V. O. , Basharova G. R. , Vlasova Natalya V.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Phthalates are substances widely used as plasticizers for the production of various industrial, domestic, food and medical polymer materials. Possessing high volatility, solubility, a wide range of toxic effects, phthalates represent a serious danger to human health. Goal. Identify the characteristics of donosological forms of impaired health. Material and methods. A special clinical and functional examination of the aparatics for the first time started their work in the production of terephthalic acid (TPA), purified terephthalic acid (oTPA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the dynamics of 5 years of operation of the enterprise POLYEF. Hygienic, hematological, cytochemical and biochemical studies were performed for workers with a primary 5-year experience in this industry. Results. It is established that the chemical factor is represented by a complex of harmful substances of 1 to 4 hazard classes, among which there are substances of irritating, general toxic, allergenic action. The production of phthalates is characterized by an increased content of TPA from 1.5 to 2.8 MPC. Discussion. The working conditions of the apparatchiks in all industries are estimated as harmful to the third degree - 3.3. Among those who have worked for 5 years, about a third of workers are recognized with clinical and functional disorders. For 5 years of work, two of the first three come into contact with phthalates revealed changes in the blood system that go beyond physiological fluctuations. Most workers have anemia, reticulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, decreased activity of enzymes. Conclusions. The introduction of a differentiated approach, taking into account the results of the clinical, hygienic and laboratory-diagnostic studies carried out, will allow monitoring of the health status of workers in the production of TFA and PET, identify early donosological signs of health disorders, and adequately form high-risk groups for conducting therapeutic and preventive measures.
BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF NON-CARCEROGENIC NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF CHILDREN IN THE AREA WITH EXPOSURE TO ALUMINUM PRODUCTION EMISSIONS
Authors: Zhdanova-Zaplesvichko I. G. , Zemlyanova Marina A. , Koldibekova Yu. V.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The priority indicator of the influence of chemical factors of the environment on the health of the population of Russia is the pollution of atmospheric air, the composition of which is largely determined by regional features of production. Material and methods. A comparative hygienic assessment of the quality of the atmospheric air of the territory with the placement of aluminum production and the territory without similar sources of emissions was conducted; a chemical-analytical and clinical laboratory examination of 135 children was carried out, with an assessment of the negative effects from the nervous system in the case of aerogenic exposure to aluminum and manganese. Results. In the conditions of the existing quality of atmospheric air in the residential area in the zone of influence of aluminum production which forms an aerogenic exposure of substances (aluminum and manganese), possessing of the unidirectional negative impact on the central nervous system, at the level of 0.0015g/(kg∙day) the share of aluminum is 93.3%, which indicates its primary impact on the population. Children of the observation group 1 showed urine aluminum content by 3.1 times more than in comparison to observation subgroup 2 and 6.9 times in relation to the comparison group (p = 0.0001). The concentration of aluminum as a marker of inhalation exposure is substantiated, and its value more than 0.053 mg/dm3 in urine may indicate an increased risk of neurotoxic exposure. An increased prevalence (1.6-5.5 times) of the negative impact on the CNS in the form of the asthenic autonomous syndrome, as a predictor of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, has been shown to be associated with the aerogenic exposure to aluminum. In children with an elevated aluminum content in urine comparing to the reference level, revealed laboratory abnormalities and indices were proved to be associated with an elevated concentration of aluminum in the urine relative to the children of the comparison group: an increase in the level of neuron-specific enolase in the serum indicating an increase in the activity of damage to the blood-brain barrier; an increase in the glutamic acid content by 1.3 times, characterizing the imbalance of the neurotransmitters of the central nervous system; reduction in serum phosphorus, reflecting the antagonistic effect of aluminum, followed by an increase in the level of ionized calcium in the blood. The contribution of aluminum to the biochemical and functional indices deviation from the physiological norm accounted for from 10% to 58%. On the basis of a consistent chain of reliable dependencies, a complex of biomarkers of the asthenic autonomous syndrome and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder associated with an elevated aluminum content in urine, including glutamic acid, neuron-specific enolase, and phosphorus is substantiated.
STUDIES OF THE GENOTOXICITY OF TECHNICAL PRODUCTS OF THE BENZOYLCYCLOHEXANE-1,3-DIONE DERIVATIVE PESTICIDE
Authors: Ilyushina Nataliya A. , Egorova O. V. , Masaltsev G. V. , Averianova N. S.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Currently, a large number of pesticide analogues manufactured past the expiration date of the patent protection of the original active ingredients are imported in the Russian Federation. The toxicological-hygienic examinations based on numerous trials, including mutagenicity (genotoxicity) studies, is necessary to confirm their safety. Material and methods. The study of the genotoxic activity of three technical products of the pesticide active ingredient, a benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione derivative, produced in the various factories was carried out. research was performed using the bacterial reverse mutation method (Ames test) and the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Results. Statistically significant and dose-dependent genotoxic effects of the test samples were observed in the strains of Salmonella typhimurium of TA 97, TA 102, TA 100. However, the increase in the number of revertants in the experiment versus the negative control was less than two in all cases, with the exception of strain TA 97. Weak but biologically significant outcomes were found in TA 97 culture (the increase in the number of revertants in comparison to spontaneous level was ≥ 2. In the micronucleus test only two of the three samples produced a statistically significant increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatophilic erythrocytes. One of the samples induced the significant genotoxic effect only at the high dose (2000 mg/kg b.w.), and another one (with the lowest active substance content) at all dose levels. In both cases, a linear dose-effect dependence was found. The cytogenetic effects were low, at the level of the upper limit of the laboratory's historical negative control Conclusion. The obtained data indicate that the ability of the tested technical products of the benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione derivative to induce the gene and chromosomal damages increases with decreasing concentration of the active ingredient in technical products, probably due to the enhancement of the genotoxic impurity level. Thus, the technical products of analogue pesticides are not always equivalent to the original active substances in terms of their biological activity. That confirms the necessity for toxicological-hygienic testing, in particular genotoxicity assessments of all generic pesticides entering the market.
NUTRITION AND THE NORTH: HYGIENIC PROBLEMS OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF RUSSIA (THE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE)
Authors: Istomin A. V. , Fedina Irina N. , Shkurikhina S. V. , Kutakova N. S.
Published: March 2019

The review shows the main strategic priorities and mechanisms for implementation of the Russian state policy in the Arctic. There is presented the characteristics of habitat factors affecting the health of the population in the North concerning extreme climate, photoperiodicity (Polar night, Polar day), lack of oxygen, the effect of magnetic storms, increased energy costs in performing any physical work, etc. There is presented information on the structure, quality, and safety of diets of the actual nutrition of indigenous and non-indigenous residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). The largest deficit in terms of consumption has been established to be noted for potatoes and other vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk and dairy products. The high carbohydrate load on the body attracts attention: the consumption of sugar exceeds the recommended sizes by 44% with the deficiency of essential proteins, most vitamins, and minerals. Substantial microbiological and chemical contamination of food raw materials and food products has been revealed. The peculiarity of the real rations of the actual nutrition of the indigenous and non-indigenous population of the Arctic zone is correspondingly reflected in protein, vitamin, mineral metabolism, antioxidant status and the biological age. Problems of the organization of food supply of regions and development of local raw materials base are discussed. To achieve greater adequacy of the diet to the needs of the body, the need for correction, optimization, personalization and ensuring the safety of nutrition of various populations in order to prevent nutritional deficiencies in the northern population is justified. At the same time, there are extremely important the introduction of new technologies aimed at maximum preservation of the food value of products, provision of the population with specialized products for preventive purposes, targeted multi-vitaminization of the population, and the implementation of systematic hygienic training in the principles of balanced nutrition.