bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metaheuristic Algorithms for Task Assignment in Distributed Computing Systems: A Comparative and Integrative Approach
Authors: Yin Peng-Yeng , Shao Benjamin B.M. , Cheng Yung-Pin , Yeh Chung-Chao
Published: April 2019

We consider the assignment of program tasks to processors in distributed computing systems such that system cost is minimized and resource constraints are satisfied. Several formulations for this task assignment problem (TAP) have been proposed in the literature. Most of these TAP formulations, however, are NP-complete and thus finding exact solutions is computationally intractable. Recently, some approximation methods like simulated annealing have been proposed, and simulation results exhibited the potential to solve the TAP using metaheuristics. In order to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of various metaheuristics applied to the TAP, we first propose two alternative metaheuristics— one using genetic algorithm and the other reinforcement learning algorithm—as well as their implementation details. Extensive computational evidences of the two heuristic algorithms against that of simulated annealing are presented, compared and discussed. Based on these experimental results, a hybrid strategy employing both metaheuristics is then proposed in order to solve the TAP more effectively and efficiently.
Chitosan Applications on Pharmaceutical Sciences: A Review
Authors: Nieva Cintia Alejandra Briones , Villegas Mercedes , Cid Alicia Graciela , Romero Analía Irma , Bermúdez José María
Published: April 2019

Background:

Chitosan (CS) is a biomaterial derived from chitin, known for its excellent biological
properties. One of the most interesting features of CS is its potential for chemical derivatization,
which makes it a versatile material and allows to expand its applications. In the last years, the
interest on this polymer and its pharmaceutical applications has notably increased. This biopolymer is
being widely studied for its interesting properties, such as bioadhesion, antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility,
and biodegradability. Other promising properties of CS include its modulation of immunological
response, hemostasis, and wound and bone healing activity.

Objective:

In this work, a critical review is performed covering its conventional and novel applications,
specially focused on pharmaceutical area, providing a clear picture of the current state of art to serve as
a basis to direct future research in this field.

Conclusion:

Despite all the qualities of this polymer, there are only few CS-based products in the market,
so it is a priority to enhance the research to develop new technologies and CS-based systems to enforce
this biopolymer in the industry.
Supercritical Extraction of Heracleum persicum Plant and Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Pouya Mohammad Hossein Bozorgi , Moghadas Bahareh Kamyab , Rad Ali Shokuhi
Published: April 2019

Background:

Supercritical CO2 is the most applicable solvent because of its unique properties
such as; high selectivity, non-explosivity, non toxicity, low cost of purchasing and its unique
critical points. The solubility of this solvent changed rapidly with only a small change in pressure
and temperature especially in pressure. According to literatures, the method of supercritical extraction
is the best technology for extracting sensitive constituents. Despite of numerous studies in the
literature for extracting essential oil from plants, no studies can be found about this valuable medicinal
plant by CO2 supercritical extraction method.

Method:

In this study, the extraction of main medicinal constituents from Heracleum Persicum and
mathematical modeling was done using supercritical carbon dioxide. The experimental data were investigated
was analyzed by using gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometer chromatography
(GC-MS) methods. The model of seed and bed, which includes three parameters of mass transfer,
axial dispersion, and effective penetration coefficients, were used for modeling the extraction process.
This model was used based on the equilibrium of the fluid phase and solid phase to communicate
with the experimental data. Then the obtained yield of supercritical technology was compared
with the hydro distillation method.

Results:

The main extracted constituents of some different varieties of Heracleum by different
methods and solvents have been determined. The extracted chemicals by supercritical fluid technology
from the seeds of the Heracleum Persicum encompasses hexyl butanoate, octyl 2- methyl
butyrate, octylisobutyrate and anethole which are so effective against epilepsy and has the most antibacterial,
antiviral and antifungal effects. So supercritical fluid extraction is more selective than the
other methods.

Conclusion:

Extracting of essential oil and mathematical modeling from H. persicum were performed
under different operating conditions of temperature, pressure, particle size and solvent flow
rate. Experimental and modeling results showed that the operating parameters used in different conditions
had a different effect on extraction efficiency and model parameters.
RACOD: Routing Using Ant Colony Optimization in DTN
Authors: Singh Naveen , Singh Awadhesh
Published: April 2019

Background & Objective:

Routing is a popular challenge in ad hoc networks. A routing
algorithm developed for one type of ad hoc network may be adapted for other. However, such adaptation
is very difficult for Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) due to special DTN characteristics like latency,
intermittency, disruptions, etc. and its applications in hostile environments like extreme terrestrial
and space.

Methods:

We have used Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to develop a routing algorithm suited to
DTNs. The ants wander for food and after few epochs they find shortest path to it. The ant’s movement
in ACO can be mapped with propagation of messages that are replicated in DTN and look for
their destination. Also, we apply an efficient buffer management method to boost the performance of
our routing algorithm.

Results & Conclusion:

To highlight the effectiveness of our algorithm, the simulation results have been
compared with some leading algorithms available in the literature and have found that our
algorithm produces better result than other algorithms in terms of delivery, overhead and probability ratio.
Bandstop Filter Using Rising Sun Structure Embedded in a Substrate
Authors: Raval Falguni
Published: April 2019

Background & Objective:

A novel bandstop filter using rising sun shaped structure embedded
in substrate is presented.

Methods:

The proposed filter is inspired from metamaterial. Through parametric analysis, it is found
that proposed filter exhibits transmission zeros with great design flexibility through tuning the geometry
parameters of rising structure in a small range. The centre frequency of filter is 3.5GHz. After
optimization, the filter is fabricated and tested using network analyzer. Its simulated stop band fractional
3 dB bandwidth is 12.5% and measured stopband fractional bandwidth is -13dB.

Results and Conclusion:

: The measured results are little bit shifted that may because of fabrication
related errors.
Synthesis of piperidine-4-one Derivative Containing Dipeptide: An Acetyl cholinesterase and β-secretase Inhibitor
Authors: Pavadai Parasuraman , Ramalingam Suresh , Panneerselvam Theivendren , Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Perumal Pandurangan , Mani Vasudevan , Saravanan Govindaraj , Alagarsamy Veerachamy , Ammunje Damodar Nayak , Chimakurthy Jithendra
Published: April 2019

Background:

With the goal of developing Alzheimer's disease therapeutics, we have designed
and synthesized novel piperidone fused dipeptide (DPPS) derivatives possessing dual action such as acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) and beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregation inhibition. Designed peptide was
synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis using FMOC chemistry protocol and characterized by mass
spectroscopy.

Methods:

The amino acid sequence in peptide was analyzed by LC-MS-MS. In silico docking analysis was
carried out using GLIDE software. The docking score using GLIDE was found to be -7.88 against AChE
and -9.74 against BACE1 enzyme. In vitro enzyme inhibition assay was carried out for AChE enzyme and
BACE1 enzyme.

Results:

The IC50 values of AChE inhibition and BACE1 of DPPS were found to be 0.4796 μM/ml and
0.0154 μM/ml, respectively. The correlation of in silico and in vitro results showed that DPPS possessed a
greater ability to inhibit BACE1 enzyme.
Resource Allocation in Cloud using Multi Bidding Model with User Centric Behavior Analysis
Authors: Vijayaraj N. , Murugan T. Senthil
Published: April 2019

Background:

Number of resource allocation and bidding schemes had been enormously
arrived for on demand supply scheme of cloud services. But accessing and presenting the Cloud
services depending on the reputation would not produce fair result in cloud computing. Since the
cloud users not only looking for the efficient services but in major they look towards the cost. So
here there is a way of introducing the bidding option system that includes efficient user centric behavior
analysis model to render the cloud services and resource allocation with low cost.

Objective:

The allocation of resources is not flexible and dynamic for the users in the recent days.
This gave me the key idea and generated as a problem statement for my proposed work.

Methods:

An online auction framework that ensures multi bidding mechanism which utilizes user
centric behavioral analysis to produce the efficient and reliable usage of cloud resources according
to the user choice.

Results:

we implement Efficient Resource Allocation using Multi Bidding Model with User Centric
Behavior Analysis. Thus the algorithm is implemented and system is designed in such a way to
provide better allocation of cloud resources which ensures bidding and user behavior.

Conclusion:

Thus the algorithm Efficient Resource Allocation using Multi Bidding Model with
User Centric Behavior Analysis is implemented & system is designed in such a way to provide better
allocation of cloud resources which ensures bidding, user behavior. The user bid data is trained
accordingly such that to produce efficient resource utilization. Further the work can be taken towards
data analytics and prediction of user behavior while allocating the cloud resources.
Flame Photometry Characterization Procedure for Sodium Content in Brazilian Bentonites for Nanotechnology Applications
Authors: Santos Hellen S. , da Silva Karine L. Buarque , Zanini Ariel E. , Coelho Danilo S. , Embiruçu Marcelo , Nascimento Marcio L.F.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Brazilian bentonites have a low sodium concentration in their interlayer structure. This is a problem with most of the industrial applications that demand the characteristics of sodium bentonites.

Objective:

As a solution for this limitation, sodium carbonate is added to in natura clays, promoting ion exchange between other interlayer cations with sodium.

Methods:

A process was used based on the principle of Stokes’ Law (BR Patent 10 2013 016298). For this, we used four glass columns in series, in which a high water flow was considered to obtain purified clays. It was proposed as a simple, fast and economical method for sodium determination that was developed and applied in bentonites by flame photometry. The equipment calibration was performed with a NaCl standard solution in concentrations between 80 and 110 ppm. The bentonites in the suspension were separated by means of centrifugation, being thus analyzed by a flame photometer.

Results:

The samples were prepared according to the manufacturer’s specifications to contain detectable amounts of sodium by means of flame photometry. A resulting linear relationship between the average value readings versus sodium standard content solution (both in ppm) was obtained by the logarithmic scale, as expected.

Conclusion:

The procedure allowed to define a method that could be used in the sodification control process, thus making it possible to differentiate the sodium cation content in terms of the value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) from bentonite. X-ray analysis of in natura and the sodified clays showed nanostructural differences related to interlayer distance.
The Pattern of Activity Analysis by GIS in Chiang Mai Public Plaza, Thailand
Authors: Tammikakul Phichayapa , Raksawin Karuna
Published: April 2019

The article consists of two parts. The first part describes the GIS application to evaluate the appropriation to collect the using patterns in public spaces. This part is based on the literature reviews of the related studies. In second part shows the procedures and results of GIS application which can be proven a better benefit to collecting the using patterns in terms of data comparison and digital data collecting. Visualizing spatial information is beneficial for the field of designers such as urban designers and landscape architects.
The Sustainability of Historic Buildings in Achieving Economic Diversity: A case study Qebah Palace
Authors: Bindajam Ahmed Ali , Al-Ansi Nashwan Abdulkarem
Published: April 2019

Al-Qassim Region has a diverse range of heritage buildings and sites, as mentioned in many references. King Abdul Aziz Palace in Qebah town is one of the significant historical buildings which were built by order of King Abdul Aziz in 1351 AH in Al-Qassim Region sustaining the historic buildings as an approach to economic diversity adopted by Saudi Vision 2030, to reduce Saudi Arabia's dependence on oil. This paper aims to discuss the sustainability of historical buildings in the Al-Qassim Region with the help of the implementation of conservation policies in order to enhance the diversity of the economy.
Social Sustainable Accessibility for Disabled Person through Sustainable Development Goals in Malaysia
Authors: Zainol Halmi , Mohd Isa Haryati , Md Sakip Siti Rashidah , Azmi Ainaa
Published: April 2019

The sustainable design for accessibility is essential in all aspects of physical development. The accessibility of social sustainable for people with disabilities (PWDs) is essential to ensure that they do not feel segregated from the community. The facilities provided must be user-friendly at places where they live and work. Although there are common facilities for PWDs, most of them do not function well and are not convenient to be used by the disabled people. One primary way to assist them to be self-dependent and self-reliant is to improve the accessibility for people with disabilities at public transport stations.
Legislative Enforcement of Contractual Fairness in Malaysian Consumer Contracts
Authors: Abdullah Farhah , Chin Ong Tze , Mohammed Na’aim Mohd Safri , Dayatie Nor Honey
Published: April 2019

Consumers faced with contract do not know what 'small print' contains or understand its effect. Exclusion clauses may deprive a consumer of specific rights in which he deserves protection. The Consumer Protection Act 1999 in Malaysia, allows the consumers to identify between procedural unfairness and substantive unfairness. However, the Consumer Protection Act 1999 does not adequately protect the consumer. By applying the content analysis research method, this paper reviews the legislative and judicial intervention on unfair terms in consumer contracts. This article advocates that Malaysia should establish a specific framework on consumer law protection against unfair terms in consumer contracts.

Keywords: Exclusion clauses; unfair terms; consumer contracts; judicial-legislative intervention

eISSN 2514-7528 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v4i13.334
Women Entrepreneurship & Economic Development: A Relational Exploration
Authors: Singh Sarika , Shukla Alok Kumar
Published: April 2019

Growth has both financial and social dimensions and is partial without the improvement of women who constitute about fifty percent of the general populace. It miles a general notion that women as a mother, wife, daughter, daughter-in-law and as many more characters in their life have to bear numerous responsibilities of their families. Women have broken four walls around them build by their family members and society and enter into a new world where they have their own identity. Now women have started taking part in the construction of the new world, having more potential, possibilities and opportunities. Strengthening women entrepreneurs is an essence of achieving the non-stop and sustainable economic improvement of the country. By the time, the world comprehended that growth of any economy cannot reach its par without the energetic participation of the women in shaping the state. Women entrepreneurs face social, financial, organizational, mental and diverse other issues whilst running their venture. Aside from all the restrains, Indian women move onward and are cherished for their achievements of their respective area. The objective of this paper is to become aware of the problems and difficulties that women face in the direction of their entrepreneurship.
Physical Evidence in Virtual Online Market: A Study on Consumer Online Buying Decisions
Authors: Sinha Amit Kishore , Singh Rishi Raman , Mehta Rohit
Published: April 2019

Physical evidence in case of services refers to something associated with service, which can be seen, touched or experienced by the customer. In case of online shopping of goods, which basically involves dominance of services, there are few areas where physical evidence is involved like suitable packaging of the product at the time of delivery or physical stores of such online service providers. Recent scholars have classified physical evidence related to e-tail industry under two categories- traditional physical evidence and virtual physical evidence. In the present research work physical evidence related four factors have been selected and consumer preferences regarding such evidences have been collected. It is analysed that among those four factors which factor/s have been preferred by consumers. Consumer's actual online purchase related data has also been collected and its relationship with consumer's preferences towards physical evidence related factors has been analysed in the research work. For analysis purposes reliability analysis, central tendencies, correlation and regression analysis have been applied in the related data.
Identifying Convergence & Divergences in Employment Relations Practices in the Indian SME Sector: in Search of An Integrated Model of Employment Relations
Authors: Mishra Abhishek
Published: April 2019

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are rightly regarded as the backbone of the Indian economy. Acclimatised as the nurseries for entrepreneurship and innovations, these SMEs are characterised by the absence of traditional Human Resource Management or Employment Relations mechanism which makes the sector being recognised as complex, intricate and autocratic (Ram, 1991). The sector is governed by employment relations practices which are highly fragmented and informal in nature and varies from sector to sector. The present paper aims to highlight the commonalities and divergences in the context of employment relations in the identified sectors under study. Mixed research methodology using questionnaire survey, focus group and non-parametric tests has been ascertained to achieve the research objectives. Finally, an integrated model of employment relations relevant to cross-sectoral SME sector has been developed
Implementation of Quality tools in Suit manufacturing to avoid Customer Returns
Authors: Agrawal Bikas , Ahmad Gufran , Thakur Abhilekh
Published: April 2019

Garment Manufacturing is becoming more and more technology driven in an ever growing competition across the Globe. Quality being one of the most important criteria for acceptance by the consumers, companies cannot take any casual approach towards achieving quality. Poor quality is detrimental to the image of the company and impedes the economical growth of the company. Time taken to repair the defects provides space to the competitors and not all types of defects are repairable. Wrong assumptions about reparability can give “shocks” when the shipped products come back as “Return”. Men's suit is a category of apparel that is highly structured in comparison to other garments like T Shirts, Shirts, Tops, and Jeans etc. Technological requirements are also high in this category due to the required precision in the end products. This paper is a practical study where quality issues are analyzed in a suit manufacturing company and then some very effective quality tools are implemented to overcome the defects to establish the idea “Right first time”. Percentage of defects is actually reduced, thus cutting down the cost incurred due to bad quality.
Women's Entrepreneurship and Income Generation through participation in Self Help Groups: Evidence from Primary Data from Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Gowthami R.S. , Sruthi S. , Panda Prasant Kumar
Published: April 2019

The paper analyzes the women's entrepreneurship, income generation and their economic and social development through participation in women Self Help Groups (SHG) in Tamil Nadu, India. The study uses of primary data collected through random sampling from 72 Self Help Groups (SHG) in the districts of Tiruchirrapali (Trichy) and Thanjavur of Tamil Nadu, India in the year 2015. Percentage ratio method and multiple regression analysis have been employed to substantiate the objectives. It has been observed that the micro finance to SHG helps in running microenterprises and leads to socio-economic transformations. The SHGs in Trichy district are more successful than Thanjavur in income generation through microenterprises. The key factors those contributed to income generation in the SHGs include training, monthly saving and experience of the group. Basic skill training to group members of SHG is very important for promoting entrepreneurship and regular income generation. The Skill India initiative of the Government may focus on providing skill training to SHG groups on microenterprises.
Impact of Individual Factors on the Entrepreneurial Attitude towards Selecting a Source of Finance for Business
Authors: Maharana Narayana , Chaudhury Suman Kalyan
Published: April 2019

Financial Support and Availability of Credit are most vital elements for starting any venture. The flow of institutional finance to the MSME sector in the fast-growing economy of Ganjam district is a serious matter of concern for the development of start-ups. In this backdrop, a study is conducted in different cities of Ganjam district to find out how the institutional finance is being availed to the budding entrepreneurs and an attempt is being made to explore the issues and challenges encountered by the entrepreneurs of Ganjam district of Odisha for acquiring fund to start their business. Moreover, the study is also focused on the perception of the entrepreneurs towards institutional finance. This is a descriptive study which is carried out with 218 small and medium entrepreneurs by using a structured questionnaire in three main cities of Ganjam District. The samples are chosen using simple random sampling. The findings of the study suggest that higher education level and prior business experience of entrepreneurs play a favourable role in choosing institutional finance to meet the capital needs of their business compared to the entrepreneurs having a lower educational qualification and less or no prior business exposure. On the other hand, the gender of the respondents has no significant role in selecting a source of finance and both male and female entrepreneurs have an identical approach towards different sources of finance.
Assessment of anti-oxidant activity of Ficus benghalensis leaves: an In-vitro design
Authors: Pedgaonkar Aditi , Manish Adithya Gadeela , Sandhya Reddy Panyala , Thanuja Kollu , Divyashree Lankadasari , Vasudha Bakshi , Narender Boggula
Published: April 2019

Background: Medicinal plants represent a rich source of natural anti-oxidants. The traditional medicine involves the use of different plant extracts of bioactive constituents. Ficus benghalensis is a large evergreen tree found throughout India. It is commonly called Banyan tree. It is used in traditional system of medicine like Ayurveda and homoeopathy. Ficus is a huge tropical deciduous or evergreen tree with more than 800 species.

Objective: Anti-oxidant effect of ethnomedicinal important plant species Ficus benghalensis (Family-Moraceae) was screened. The aim of this study was to assess the in-vitro potential of methanolic extract of Ficus benghalensis leaves as a natural anti-oxidant.

Method: Assessment of in vitro anti-oxidant activity of methanolic leaves extract of Ficus benghalensis was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay.

Results: The methanolic extract of Ficus benghalensis leaves demonstrates a remarkable amount of phenolic content (54 μg/ml of GAE/100gm of extract) by using Folin-ciocalteu reagent. In-vitro anti-oxidant activity of methanolic leaves extract of Ficus benghalensis was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, which showed significant anti-oxidant activity compared to standard anti-oxidant (ascorbic acid). A direct correlation between total phenol and anti-oxidant activity indicates polyphenols are the main anti-oxidants.

Conclusion: These findings suggest the excellent medicinal bio-activity of Ficus benghalensis and explain the popularity of this plant in the folk medicine as a remedy for different disorders, thus supporting its folklore application as preventive remedy as an anti-oxidant. The present study shows that Ficus benghalensis leaves have radical scavenging activity and can be considered as good sources of natural anti-oxidants for medicinal and commercial uses.

Keywords: Ficus benghalensis, anti-oxidant, DPPH scavenging activity, Folin-ciocalteu reagent.
GC-MS Analysis of Methanol and Ethyl Acetate Extract of fruits of Sphaeranthus indicus
Authors: Garg Kalpana , Shrivastava Birendra , Bhargava Anurag
Published: April 2019

Introduction: To identify the various phytoconstituents present in the plant Sphaeranthus indicus by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Meth­ods: The fruits of Sphaeranthus indicus were extracted with Different solvents of increasing polarity. The methanol and ethylacetate extract were subjected to GCMS analysis to detect the phytoconstituents. Results: Totally 26 compounds were identified. Among these 13 constituents in methanol extract and 13 constituents in ethylacetate extract were identified during the GC-MS analysis. Stigmasterol and lupeol which were identified in the plant is considered to have antiarthritic properties.

Keywords: Sphaeranthus indicus, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrometry.
Molecular Characterization of Kidd Antigens Polymorphism (Jk) among Sudanese patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Khartoum State - Sudan
Authors: Abbas Amin Omer , Hassan Fathelrahman Mahdi , Abdulla Mahadi H.A. , Hassan Mutaz Ibrahim , Sanhory Jevara Mohamed , Elzaki Salah Eldien G , Abbas Yasir Yousif , Ibrahim Hussam Eldien Mubark
Published: April 2019

Background: The Kidd glycoprotein is expressed in the kidney, where it enables the kidney to build up a high concentration of urea, which is needed for the kidney to produce concentrated urine. The urea transport across Kidd null RBC membranes is ~1000 times slower than across normal RBC membrane. Chronic kidney disease develops slowly and, initially, show few symptoms. CKD can be the long term consequence of irreversible acute disease or part of a disease progression. The most common causes of chronic renal failure are related to poorly controlled diabetes, poorly controlled high blood pressure.

Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the association between the Kidd antigen polymorphism and chronic kidney disease, in Sudan.

Results: The distribution of kidd blood group between chronic kidneydisease patient and control group were (49%) and (50%) for Jk (a + b−), 40% and 44% for Jk (a + b+) and 11% and 6% Jk (a − b+) respectively. also there were different in ten samples represented genomic typing (Jk ab ) but phenoptying represented as (Jka).

Conclusion: There were no obvious effects of  kidd antigens polymorphism on kidney function .

Keywords: Kidd blood group, Genomic typing, Phenotyping, Chronic kidney disease.
A report on Nipah Virus
Authors: Doke Onkar , Kale Sagar , Mujawar Fatema Begum , More Priyanka , More Tejashri
Published: April 2019

Nipah virus, a paramyxovirus related to Hendra virus. Nipah virus first emerged in Malaysia, outbreak continue to occur in Bangladesh and India. In Malaysia-Singapore outbreak transmission occurred primarily through contact with pig. While in Bangladesh and India it is related with ingestion of contaminated date palm sap and human-to-human transmission. Bats are main reservoir for Nipah virus which can cause disease in human and animal. Nipah virus replication well in porcine stable kidney cell and human lung fibroblast cell. Nipah virus is probably spread through cell-to-cell spread mechanism. The Nipah virus has the potential to be considered an agent of bioterrorism.

Keywords: Nipah virus; pig; human; transmission
Preparation and evaluation of polyherbal facial scrub
Authors: Aglawe Sachin Bhagwat , Gayke Amol Uttamrao , Khurde Akash , Mehta Dikshant , Mohare Tushar , Pangavane Ajinkay , Kandalkar Saurabh
Published: April 2019

The main objective of present study was to prepare a polyherbal scrub incorporated into gel. The use of natural ingredients to fight against acne, wrinkle and also to control secretion of oil is known as natural or herbal cosmetics. Herbal cosmeceuticals usually contain the plant parts which possess antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti aging properties. Herbal cosmetics are the safest product to use routine with no side effects and cosmeceuticals are the product which influences the biological function of skin. In this preparation Green apple , cinnamon, Millet, Sandalwood, Neem , Turmeric and honey is used as active ingredients and incorporated into the gel which is prepared with carbopol of different grades. Other ingredients like propylene glycol, Triethanolamine; methyl parahydroxy benzoate was added along with sodium lauryl sulfate into the gel. The prepared gel was evaluated for various parameters such as appearance, pH, viscosity, Spreadability, washability, irritability and found to be satisfied with all required characterizations. Thus, the developed formulation can be used as an effective scrub for using it to bear a healthy and glowing skin.

Keywords:   Polyherbal, Antioxidant, Anti Aging, Less Abrasive, Skin Exfoliate
Development, characterization and evaluation of poly-herbal ointment and Gel formulation containing Nerium Indicum Mill, Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam, Murraya Koenigii Linn, Punica Granatum Linn
Authors: Shukla Renuka , Kashaw Varsha
Published: April 2019

Objective: The objective of present study was the development, characterization and evaluation of poly-herbal ointment and gel formulations of Nerium Indicum Mill, Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam, Murraya Koenigii Linn, Punica Granatum Linn extract. Plant derived substances and herbal medicines have recently attracted the great interest towards their versatile application. Medicinal plants are the richest source of bioactive compounds used in traditional and modern medicine. The ointment and gel formulation of plant extract has a sound approach, The poly-herbal ointment and gel formulation were evaluated for its physicochemical parameters like color, odour, pH, spreadability, extrudability, consistency, diffusibility, solubility, washability, non-irritancy and stability. Materials and methods: Extract of all four plants has been separated by the soxhlet extraction by 70% ethanol. Poly-herbal ointment and gel formulation has been prepared by mixing the extract of Nerium Indicum Mill, Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam, Murraya Koenigii Linn, Punica Granatum Linn with carbapol 940 for Gel formulation and PEG 2000 & PEG 600 for ointment formulation. Results and conclusion: Physicochemical evaluation shows that the poly-herbal ointment and gel formulations fulfilled the criteria as herbal formulation and irritancy test also performed to indicate the effectiveness and efficacy of prepared ointment and gel formulations. The poly-herbal ointment and gel formulations were also evaluated for its stability at various temperature conditions which shows no change in the irritancy, spreadability and diffusion study. Thus it could become a medium to use the medicinal properties of extracts effectively and easily as a simple dosage form.

Keywords:  Nerium Indicum Mill, Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam, Murraya Koenigii Linn, Punica Granatum Linn, extract, ointment, gel.
Evaluation of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Syzygium aromaticum phenolic ethereal oils for In-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities
Authors: Manaswini N.K. , Nazneen S , Shankar Rao Garige Baba , Narender Boggula , Vasudha Bakshi , Mohan Manda Ram
Published: April 2019

Aim: The present study is aimed to evaluate in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity of phenolic ethereal oils like Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum).

Materials and methods: A total of 500 g of fresh leaves and dried flower buds of Tulsi and Clove were subjected to hydro-distillation method for 6 h using Clevenger’s apparatus. The isolated ethereal oils were used for testing the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity by using albumin denaturation assay, proteinase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µl/ml and anti-bacterial activity against two gram positive microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two gram negative microorganisms (Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli) at concentrations 50 µl/ml, 100 µl/ml and 200 µl/ml by adopting cup plate method.

Results:  The isolated ethereal oils exhibited significant in-vitro anti-inflammatory effect and also inhibited the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms at 50 µl/ml, 100 µl/ml and 200 µl/ml concentrations.

Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the effectiveness of Phenolic ethereal oils isolated from Clove and Tulsi. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) showed enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity compared to Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum). The present study provides evidence that Ocimum tenuiflorum and Syzygium aromaticum; Phenolic ethereal oils contain medicinally important bioactive components justifying its traditional use.

Keywords: Phenolic ethereal oils, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-bacterial activity, Ociumm tenuiflorum, Syzygium aromaticum.
Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review of “Phog”- Calligonum polygonoides L.
Authors: Swarnkar SK , Khunteta A , Gupta MK , Jain P , Paliwal S
Published: April 2019

Calligonum polygonoides (Phog) belongs to family Polygonaceae. It is a geographically widely distributed shrub seen from the arctic to the tropics. This endangered plant (included in Red data book of IUCN) is morphologically having stem with nodes and internodes, white flowers in spike inflorescence and needle like leaves. It is traditionally used to stabilize sand dunes, as fuel, and in treatment of heat-stroke by mixing with curd or “Rayata”. It is also reported as antidote for opium poisoning. Various phyto-chemicals present include butanolides- calligonolides A and B, various flavanoids like kaempferol, quercetin and their derivatives. Various steroidal compounds are reported in roots. Pharmacologicallly, its cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal and biosorbent potentials are reported by various researchers. Therefore, an attempt has been made to accumulate properties of this potential herb.

Keywords: Calligonum, Phog, biosorbent, heat-stroke, calligonolides, kaempferol
Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity
Authors: Barukčić Ilija
Published: April 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the relationship between Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity.

Methods: In order to clarify the relationship between Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity, several different approaches were chosen and appropriate theorems were developed.

Results: It was possible to provide the proof that Aristotle’s law of contradiction is observer dependent too but does not contradict Einstein’s special theory of relativity. Furthermore, a derivation of Aristotle’s law of contradiction from the identity law (principium identitatis) was provided.

Conclusions: Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity are compatible with each other.

Keywords: principium identitatis, principium contradictionis, causality, Einstein’s special theory of relativity
Pomegranate and sweet lime juices along with green coconut water promote rapid restoration of haematological parameters in patient infected with dengue: A case report
Authors: Giri Biplab , Sarkar Mrinmoy , Dash Sandeep Kumar , Dey Sananda
Published: April 2019

We report a case of dengue fever in a 9-years old Indian child. She was given “anti-hyper thermic” drug paracetamol and anti-biotic amoxicillin for 5 days. The patient was detected with dengue infection (NS1 positive) with a 5 days history of high fever and headache. After scrutinizing the haematology data, the medications (paracetamol & amoxicillin) were stopped and only diet which was continued is fruit juices (pomegranate and sweet lime juices along with green coconut water) as nutritional supplement. After 48 hours of continuous administration of nutritional supplements, blood parameters showed immense change. From this case study it can be stated that, infection with dengue and subsequent decline in the platelet and leukocyte count can well be restored with pomegranate, sweet lime and green coconut water.

Keywords: Dengue, Pomegranate, Sweet Lime, Green Coconut Water
Evaluation of antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata L (King and Robinson)
Authors: Mayela Nkouka S.H.J. , Kiéssé D.S. , Elion Itou R.D.G. , Etou Ossibi A.W. , Abena A.A.
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg). ¶The antidiarrheal effect was evaluated on the diarrhoea induced by the castor oil, the charcoal test (intestinal transit time) and on the accumulation of the intestinal fluid induced by the castor oil (Enteropooling).¶The results obtained show that the aqueous extract at the doses used significantly decrease (p<0,001) the frequency of emission, the quantity and the onset of appearance of the faces induced by the castor oil. ¶The aqueous extract of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg) does not decrease significantly the intestinal transit (p>0.05) but on the other hand significantly decrease (p<0.01) the accumulation of the fluid in the intestine induced by the castor oil. ¶In conclusion the aqueous extract of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg) has an antidiarrheal effect who could be explained by interference with the mechanisms of secretion of the electrolytes. ¶These results would justify the use of plant on the traditional treatment of the diarrhoea.¶

Keywords: antidiarrheal effect, Castor oil, intestinal transit, enteropooling, Chromolaena odorata
Synthesis, characterization and thrombolytic activity of n-benzyl piperidin 4-one phenyl hydrazone
Authors: Sundaresan K. , Priyadarshini V. , Tharini K.
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to synthesize, characterization and thrombolytic activity of    N-Benzyl piperidin 4-one phenyl hydrazone derivative. Check the purity of all the synthesized compounds using thin layer chromatography. The synthesized compound was characterized by IR, 13C and 1H NMR spectral studies. The synthesized compound was subjected to thrombolytic activity. The thrombolytic activity was observed in 2 different concentrations of N-Benzyl piperidin 4-one phenyl hydrazone. Our findings support the reported therapeutic use of this compound as a thrombolytic agent in the Indian system of medicine.

Keywords: N-Benzyl piperidin 4-one phenyl hydrazone, thrombolytic activity, streptokinase.
A study on effectiveness and progress outcomes of educational inhaler technique intervention in asthma and COPD patients
Authors: Bhavana R , Suchithra R , Thejaswini Manupati , Harish Kumar Gundlapalli , Apoorva Dev
Published: April 2019

Aim: A study on effectiveness and success factors of educational inhaler technique intervention in asthma and COPD.

Objectives: To identify the percentage of common errors done by people who use inhalers. To identify the risk factors associated with asthma and COPD.

Method: Data was collected from the subject’s face to face interview in a community setup and the lung capacities were measured using spirometer and peak flow meter; the values were noted and the subjects were asked to demonstrate their inhaler technique using placebo inhalers; numbers of correct and incorrect steps were noted. After a period of one month; the subjects were taken to follow up and measured the lung capacities and checked the inhaler steps; number of correct and incorrect steps were noted.

Results: A total of 572 samples were collected and 500 were followed up, in which 300 had Asthma and 200 had COPD. Out of which 189 were female and 311 were male. Low education level was the single most important factor leading to incorrect technique. Formal training resulted in a statistically significant increase in the percentage of correct techniques for all the devices. For pMDI (54.01% vs. 91.03%, *p=0.005 before & after training respectively). For pMDI+Spacer (52.75% vs. 94.85%, *p=0.007 before & after training respectively). For Accuhaler (54.07% vs. 91.27%, *p=0.017 before & after training respectively). For Rotahaler (63.94 vs. 98.64%. *p=0.029 before & after training respectively). For Nebuliser (56.97% vs. 91.88%, *p=0.001 before & after training respectively.

Conclusion: Proper education to patients on correct usage may not only improve control of the symptoms of the disease but might also allow dose reduction in long term. The number of subjects doing correct steps gradually increased after the pharmacist led intervention. Thus, proper counselling for the inhaler use in patients must be encouraged as it is directly linked to the quality of life of patient.

Keywords: Asthma and COPD control inhaler devices, inhaler technique, pharmacist intervention, inhaler education.
To assess prescribing pattern of antibiotics in department of pediatric at tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Jangra Sarita , Bhyan Bhupinder , Chand Wasim , Saji Joesph , Ghoghari Rahul
Published: April 2019

Background: Frequent use of antibiotics can cause antimicrobial resistance and increased health care cost. Child and infants have immature pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic system. To overcome issue regarding antibiotic, use of institutional protocols based on rational standard guidelines (IAP/WHO) is necessary.

Aim: To assess prescribing pattern of antibiotics in department of pediatric at tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methods: A 6 months prospective observational single centered study was conducted on 147 pediatric patients who were prescribed with antibiotics at a tertiary care teaching Hospital, from December 2017 to May 2018.

Results: In study population distribution of age 5-10(41.66%) is highest population of patients and age 16-18(9.72%) is lowest patients of population. In disease distribution URTI  (23.12%) is highest population of patients and Meningitis (2.02%) is lowest. Amoxicilin (27.21%) was more prescribed antibiotic and Levofloxacin (2.04%) was less prescribed drug. In gender distribution (66.66%) patient were found to be male and (33.33%) patient were found to be female out of total population. In frequency of treatment (54.42%) were given as twice a day, followed by (27.89%) were given once a day and (17.68%) were given as a thrice a day.

Conclusion: It was found that the population of male patient more than female patient, Study give the common idea of antibiotic prescribing pattern. The prescribing of antibiotics was according to the guidelines.

Keywords:  Antibiotic, Pediatric, rational, prescribing pattern, inpatient, outpatient.
Comparative study on effect of natural and synthetic superdisintegrants in the formulation of orodispersible tablets
Authors: Gandhi Lavika , Akhtar Semimul
Published: April 2019

Now-a-days, Orodispersible drug delivery systems are extensively used to improve bioavailability and patient compliance. Over the past three decades, Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) have gained considerable attention as a preferred alternative to conventional tablets and capsules due to better patient compliance, improved solubility and stability profiles. ODTs are solid dosage forms containing medicinal substances which disintegrate rapidly, usually in a matter of seconds, when placed on the tongue. New ODT technologies address many pharmaceutical and patient needs, ranging from enhanced life-cycle management to convenient dosing for paediatric, geriatric, and psychiatric patients with dysphagia. The therapeutic activity of these formulations is obtained through a typical manner like disintegration followed by dissolution. Hence disintegration has major role for facilitating drug activity. In recent years, several newer agents have been developed known as superdisintegrants. The objective of the present article is to highlight the various kinds of superdisintegrants (Natural & Synthetic) along with their role in tablet disintegration and drug release, which are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with patient compliance.

Keywords: ODTs, Orodispersible tablets, Disintegrants, Superdisintegrants, Natural, and Synthetic.
Isolation and study of a Saponin (Echinocystic acid-3-o-α-l–Rhamnopyranosyl (1→5)–o–β-d–xylofuranosyl (1→5)–o–β-d–Arabinofuranosyl (1 → 4)–o–β-d–Glucopyranoside) from the leaves of Clematis nepaulensis D.C.
Authors: Shrivastava Kumud
Published: April 2019

A saponin (echinocystic acid-3-o- α -l – rhamnopyranosyl (1 à 5) – o – β - d – xylofuranosyl (1 à 5) – o – β - d – arabinofuranosyl (1 à 4) – o – β - d –glucopyranoside)have been isolated and identified from  the leaves of clematis nepaulensis. Repeated chromatographic manipulations and spectral analysis (IR, 1H-NMR, and Mass) suggested the structure of saponin.

Keywords: Saponin, Echinocystic acid, Isolation, spectral analysis
Evaluation of bioactive compounds from Jasminum polyanthum and its medicinal properties
Authors: Jaya Prakkash M.A , Ragunathan R. , Jesteena Johney
Published: April 2019

Jasmine plant species are widely grown in Asia and used for religious offering, is known to have wide range of bioactive compounds and its properties. Most of the jasmine species have been evaluated its bioactive properties and found positive results. This work consists of evaluating bioactive properties of jasmine species, Jasminum polyanthum and finding its potential medicinal uses. The plant leaves and flowers were powdered and added water to prepare extract. Both leaves and flower extract was evaluated for phytochemical compounds, anti oxidant, anti diabetic, anti inflammatory, anti microbial, anti cancer and DNA nicking assay. The leaf and flower extract contained most of the phytochemical compounds which leads to presence of various bioactive properties. Leaf possesses good DPPH activity, while flower possess high phenol content and FRAP activity.  Leaf possesses good anti diabetic activity, while flower possess good anti inflammatory activity. Flower extract consists of higher antibacterial activity than leaf, while in antifungal it is vice versa.  

Keywords:  Anti-diabetic, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant activity, MTT Assay, DNA Nicking study
Nanoparticle therapeutics: a new treatment of cancer
Authors: Kang Di
Published: April 2019

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