bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The neglected surgery - Hernioscopy - Maybe the best choice for strangulated groin hernias in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Gonullu Emre , Bayhan Zulfu , Mantoglu Baris , Capoglu Recayi , Ozdemir Kayhan , Yigit Merve , Altintoprak Fatih
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective: Although due to the Covid-19 Pandemic, elective surgeries have been postponed worldwide, emergency operations cannot be delayed and are being performed. In general surgery practice, incarcerated / strangulated inguinal hernias have a prominent place among emergency surgeries. In 1% of these patients, the hernia content reduces spontaneously into the abdomen until the hernia sac is opened. It is imperative that these bowel segments be evaluated for possible intestinal necrosis.
Methods: Patients who underwent emergency surgery and hernioscopy in the Sakarya Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Service due to incarcerated or strangled inguinal hernia during the period from March 2020 to October 2020 were included in the study. Hernioscopy procedure was performed using single-port and glove-port methods. For each patient, age, duration of complaints, comorbidities, hernia repair method, operation time, incarcerated organ, whether ischemia improved after reduction or whether resection was required, postoperative complications were recorded.
Results: Hernioscopy was performed on ten patients due to strangled inguinal hernia during the eight months. While femoral hernia was detected in 2 patients, eight patients had an inguinal hernia. In 1 patient, bowel resection and anastomosis were performed with the transabdominal approach because the small intestine necrosis was detected during the hernioscopy procedure.
Conclusion: The hernioscopy method, which is performed under spinal anesthesia, prevents unnecessary laparotomies and should be preferred more during the COVID-19 pandemic process in patients who are urgently operated for strangled inguinal hernia.

Key words: Hernioscopy; Strangulated Hernia; COVID-19 Pandemic
Long-term Fecal incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure
Authors: El Muhtaseb M S , Alfarra Nima , Rabbaa Yaman , Abuhannieh Esra'a , Alsabateen Ghadeer , Al Natsheh Walid  Adel Zakaria , AL Qudah Mohammad
Published: April 2022

The background and purpose of the study
An anal fissure is a common benign anal condition. The gold standard treatment is lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS), and this procedure carries a risk of incontinence. The aim of this study is to determine the long-term risk of faecal incontinence after LIS.
Method
All patients who had LIS for chronic anal fissure between the years 2004 until 2010 were interviewed by phone and assessed for sphincter function (incontinence) using Wexner fecal incontinence score (WIS).
Results
Fifty-nine patients (34 females, 57.6%) with a mean follow-up duration of 10.6 years (range 8 – 15 years) were interviewed. Twelve patients (20.3 %) had a WIS score of one or more. The majority of the patient noticed the change in sphincter function years after the operation. There was no association between vaginal delivery and the WIS score result
Conclusion
The long-term risk of abnormal sphincter function after LIS appears to be higher than expected especially in the presence of multiple vaginal deliveries or systemic diseases such as Diabetes mellitus. A larger prospective study is required to establish a correct risk of incontinence in the long term.
Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma invading the liver: A case report and systematic review
Authors: Tosh Jyoti , Navriya Shiv , Kumar Sunil , Singh Shanky , Ramachandra Deepti , Khandari Ashwini
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to perform the first systematic review of the operative techniques of simultaneous radical nephrectomy with hepatic resection for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with direct hepatic extension. This will also help to understand the demographics, clinical presentation, prevalent histological subtypes, management, the outcomes and to report a case of collecting duct RCC invading the liver who underwent simultaneous nephrectomy with hepatic resection.
DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases.
STUDY SELECTION: We searched the articles between the years 1991 to 1st April 2021 in the English language. Case reports, case series, and matched cohort studies were included. Eligible studies reported renal mass characteristics with nature of extension, histopathological features, operative manoeuvres, and outcomes.
DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS: The initial search strategy yielded 33 results in PubMed, 34 in Scopus, and 81 in EMBASE database, of which six articles were found eligible for review. The mean size of tumour was >10 cm and with a mean age of 51-67 years. All cases had RCC with direct extension to the liver, and all underwent simultaneous nephrectomy with liver resection with a technique of liver hanging manoeuvre used commonly. The most common histological type was clear cell carcinoma. The mean blood loss was 3.3 liters, and the mean hospital stay was 9.75 days.
CONCLUSIONS: A review of the currently available literature shows that the invasion to surrounding structures, including the liver by the RCC is not so common, and it possesses a treatment challenge for the clinician. Currently, en bloc surgical removal with anatomical or non-anatomical resection of the liver is the only modality that provides the best chance of control for the RCC with direct hepatic extension, although a frail patient may not afford this. Adjuvant therapies for RCC with the liver infiltration should be individualised based on histopathology. Collecting duct carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy, early diagnosis and surgical resection with a multidisciplinary approach are indispensable in eligible patients.
ASSIMETRIA DA INFORMAÇÃO: O ACESSO DE CONTEÚDOS NA PERSPECTIVA DOS USUÁRIOS
Authors: Lopes Maria Isabella Oliveira , Araújo Roanjali Auxiliadora Gonçalves Salviano , Silva Marcelo Demicheli Torres e
Published: April 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar os assuntos inerentes a assimetria (desigualdade) informacional, bem como os fatores que dão origem ao fenômeno, ponderar os impactos e propor possíveis medidas que possam minimizar tal resultante, com foco na perspectiva dos usuários informação. Para isso, a metodologia quanto aos objetivos foi exploratória e a descritiva, uma vez que há poucos estudos acerca do tema e relacionar as variáveis com os fatos relatados na pesquisa elaborada. Para o alcance dos objetivos, foi adotada a aplicação de um questionário online, para uma amostra 90 entrevistados que são ativos no mercado, seja como usuários internos ou externos, eles contribuíram com informações sobre as características das empresas das quais as mesmas mantinham vínculo, afim de verificar a correlação entre a acessibilidade, assimetria informacional e sistemas de gestão. Ao final do estudo realizado, ficou constatado que os fatores que ocasionam as assimetrias informacionais podem estar interligados à muitas situações, porém em maior parte eles ocorrem devido às organizações não realizarem a disponibilização das informações, bem como do próprio usuário não possuir o conhecimento adequado para as devidas interpretações. Considerando essa perspectiva, como medida de solução ficou especificada a necessidade da elaboração de leis que promovam mais transparência e a utilização de linguagem fácil entendimento para reduzir a assimetria informacional.
Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit in Senegal
Authors: Schoepffer Chadidscha
Published: April 2022

This study provides an in-depth and context-oriented analysis of judicial review in the Republic Senegal. It analyses the socio-political foundations as well as the institutional set-up, the competences, and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Council and thus investigates its specific role in Senegal’s political system. As Senegal is a rare example of political and social stability, its constitutional regime is however characterized by various amendments, the study gives valuable insight for comparative constitutional law. Moreover French-speaking countries in West Africa have not featured significantly in research outside of francophone academia.
Die Verflechtung zwischen Geldwäsche und Steuerhinterziehung
Authors: Tsakalis Ioannis
Published: April 2022

The subject of this thesis is the complex intertwining of money laundering legislation with criminal tax law. Its first pillar focuses on the problem of qualifying tax offences as predicate offences to money laundering. The second area of interest concerns supervisory provisions under money laundering law and more specifically, the extension of the reporting duties of those obliged under money laundering law, in relation to suspicious financial transactions involving untaxed assets. The legal connection between money laundering and tax evasion is completed at a procedural level, with the creation of an extensive information network between the national anti - money laundering and tax authorities.
Self-imposed Algorithmic Thoughtlessness and the Automation of Crime Control
Authors: Sommerer Lucia M.
Published: April 2022

Preventing crime before it happens? This enticing narrative is no longer just science fiction. Computer-aided systems designed to predict criminal behaviour are used worldwide. The author explores the effects of this technology on society from a legal and criminological perspective. She concludes that the technology undermines various constitutional guarantees and poses considerable risks to the rule of law. If the technology is used unreflectively, crime control threatens to move into “self-imposed algorithmic thoughtlessness”. The book concludes with a proposal for minimum requirements to prevent such developments.
Studien zur römischen Anthropologie
Authors: Vogt-Spira Gregor
Published: April 2022

There is often amazement at how a culture that seems familiar can upend our expectations. This volume offers 18 studies on characteristic peculiarities of Rome. A first group is devoted to the concept of text and literature, such as the relationship between image and text or literature and reality. A second group is devoted to the way in which the cultural change brought about by the reception of Greek culture is dealt with. A third group deals with central discourses on a ‘good life’, including time, justice and freedom, with regard to both individual and political and social orders. All the contributions seek to explain specific traits from Roman culture’s own categories.
Antikerezeption in Deutschland von der Renaissance bis in unsere Zeit
Authors: Holzberg Niklas
Published: April 2022

These fifteen papers, published between 1987 and 2022, discuss the following themes: criticism of classicistic translations of Homer and Ovid; the history of the reception of Virgil, Horace and Lucian in literature and Classics; selected humanists and their study of ancient authors in the Renaissance hubs of Heidelberg, Munich, Nuremberg and Wittenberg during the 16th century and the Thirty Years’ War; comparative reception of antiquity 1941–1945: the leaflets of the White Rose resistance movement and students of Classics at Munich University; and Peter Hacks and his adaptations of Greek and Roman literature in poetry, drama and prose narrative.
Optical Coherence Tomography in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Ruia Surabhi , Tripathy Koushik
Published: April 2022

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an indispensable modality of investigation in the assessment of diabetic retinopathy. It is a non-invasive and reliable imaging tool that provides a comprehensive analysis of the retina. The images are obtained very fast. It is useful for quantitative as well as qualitative assessment of structural changes that occur in diabetic retinopathy. It also enables the detection of subclinical diabetic macular edema. Various imaging biomarkers have been identified on OCT imaging. These markers help prognosticate the case and determine treatment response. The follow-up imaging helps assess the response to treatment and detect recurrence of disease or need for further treatment.
The Effects of Different Substrates with Chemical and Organic Fertilizer Applications on Vitamins, Mineral, and Amino Acid Content of Grape Berries from Soilless Culture
Authors: Tangolar Serpil , Tangolar Semih , Turan Metin , Atalan Mikail , Ada Melike
Published: April 2022

Due to its advantages, soilless cultivation has been used for both early- and late-maturing grape varieties. High nutritional and energy value is one of the strongest features that make the grape an effective component of agriculture and the human diet. Therefore, it was thought that it would be useful to determine the nutrient content of the berries in a soilless culture study carried out on the Early Cardinal grape variety. One-year-old vines were trained to a guyot system and grown in 32-liter plastic pots containing four different solid growing media, namely, zeolite, cocopeat, and zeolite+cocopeat (Z + C) (1:1 and 1:2, v:v). A total of three different nutrient solutions (Hoagland, Hoagland A (adapted to the vine) and organic liquid worm fertilizer (OLWF)) were applied to the plants. Grapevines were given different solutions starting from the bud burst. Z + C (1:1) substrate mixture giving the highest values of 14 amino acids, vitamins, and most macro- and microelements. Hoagland and Modified Hoagland nutrient solutions mostly gave higher values than OLWF for the properties studied. In general, it was observed that there were no significant losses in terms of mineral, vitamin, and amino acid composition in soilless grape cultivation.
Assessment of North Sinai Shoreline Morphodynamics Using Geospatial Tools and DSAS Technique
Authors: Masria Ali , Nassar Karim , Galal Eltarabily Mohamed
Published: April 2022

This study employs a digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) to identify and evaluate historical changes in the coastline along the North Sinai coast of Egypt. Using multi-temporal satellite images, change detection is explored along coastline over 27 years (1989–2016). The annualized uncertainty of shoreline changes was calculated. Erosion and accretion patterns were automatically quantified via four statistical parameters in the DSAS model namely net shoreline movement (NSM), rate of −8.17 m year−1 was recorded at the west seaside of El-Tinah plain throughout the 27 years. This recession of the shoreline is attributed to the joint effect of the stormy climate of the western seaside and the sediments transport from the Nile Delta. shoreline has progressed west of El-Bardawil inlet towards El-Arish harbor, where wave-induced littoral transport is ceased by the construction of jetties. The shoreline at the downdrift side of the jetties to the east has adversely retreated where the subsequent beaches are reverted at rates of −4.5 and −2.9 m year−1. Lastly, the EPR model was utilized for quantifying shoreline changes in the near future of years 2025, 2035, and 2050.
Benefits of Probiotics on Aflatoxin Infected Birds
Authors: Jimoh Ibrahim Muhammed
Published: April 2022

Aflatoxin are transferred from feed to animal products (Eggs, Meats and Milk). There is need to find alternative chemicals that is economically friendly to reduce the impact of aflatoxins. Probiotics additives especially Lactobacillus and Bacillus spp. biodegradation generally decreases aflatoxin residues in milk, egg and meat. They are low cost, economically friendly and accessible additives which could mitigate aflatoxin formation in feed and food. There is need for aggressive public health awareness on the implication of aflatoxin residues and as well as detoxification strategy that can reduce toxin absorption into animal feed.
Using CODAP to Grow Students’ Probabilistic Reasoning
Authors: Sullivan Patrick
Published: April 2022

Draw on two simulations to introduce compound events and help your class make connections between experimental and theoretical probabilities.
Linking Oral and Written Arguments
Authors: Lepak Jerilynn , Going Taren
Published: April 2022

Teaching transparently about the process and goals can support students as they make and support mathematical claims.
Teaching Is a Journey: Toward Anti-Racism in Practice
Authors: Fonger Nicole L.
Published: April 2022

This department provides a space for current and past PK–12 teachers of mathematics to connect with other teachers of mathematics through their stories that lend personal and professional support.
Hacia una transición energética justa e inclusiva: la contribución de la Economía Social a la conformación de las Comunidades Energéticas Europeas
Authors: Atutxa Ordeñana Ekhi , Aguado Muñoz Ricardo , Zubero Beascoechea Imanol
Published: April 2022

Una vez más, el gran cierre llevado a cabo para mitigar los efectos del impacto de la covid-19 ha demostrado la profunda relación existente entre nuestro sistema socioeconómico y el modelo energético. El impacto que la pandemia ha creado en el ámbito energético parece haber reforzado la necesidad de transitar hacia un modelo más justo e inclusivo. En este contexto (Marzo de 2019, pre-covid), la Comisión Europea impulsa una transición energética en la que la ciudadanía está llamada a jugar un rol central para conseguir un sistema energético asequible, fiable y sostenible mediante el desarrollo de comunidades locales de energía. Estas iniciativas comunitarias destacan por sus modos de gobierno basados en la promoción del bien común y su pertenencia formal a la Economía Social. Tienen el potencial de conformar un modelo energético más resiliente a través de la relocalización de la generación de la energía, la reducción de su consumo o la ubicación de la ciudadanía en el centro a través de la socialización de los medios de producción. Utilizando una extensa revisión bibliográfica y el análisis de fuentes secundarias, el objetivo de esta investigación es proponer un marco conceptual convergente entre la Economía Social y el paradigma de lo Común, y aplicarlo a las Comunidades de Energía impulsadas por la Comisión Europea. Mediante el diálogo entre los principios normativos y aplicados del paradigma de lo Común y los de la Economía Social, se desarrollará un mapa de las esferas de lo Público, lo Privado, lo Social y lo Común que, a su vez, justificará posicionar a la Economía Social como la forma idónea de organizar iniciativas como las Comunidades de Energía Europeas.
Stages of reformation and problems of development of the Institute of Public Service in the Russian Federation
Authors: Rebrishchev Nikolai Mitrofanovich
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the formation and development of the institute of public service in the Russian Federation as a public administration apparatus. The object of the study was the social relations arising in the process of reforming and formation of the institute of public service in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of the institute of public service in the Russian Federation, identification of problems of development of this institute, as well as the development of practical recommendations for their elimination. The author pays special attention to the stages of reform and development of the institute of public service in the Russian Federation at the present time. Their analysis is carried out within the framework of administrative reform, as well as the problems of the development of the institution of public service and ways to solve them are outlined. At the same time, the author identifies certain features that allow determining the quality of public service as a social institution in the state. The compliance of the current model of public service in the Russian Federation with these characteristics is considered.    The main conclusions of the author in the study of the topic are that the main directions of the development of the civil service should be: the definition of clear goals and objectives of the civil service; the completion of the reform of the military and law enforcement service through proper regulatory regulation of these types of public service; the creation of a public service management system; information support for the reform of the civil service; increasing the prestige of the civil service through the introduction of new methods of stimulating civil servants and strengthening public control over the activities of public authorities. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author, analyzing the main problems of the development of the institute of public service, concludes that the ongoing reform of the institution under study has encountered a barrier of traditional bureaucratic values and paternalism of public service relations. This has led to the discrediting of the institution of public service in society and the discrepancy between the declared goals of public service and the real goals of the activities of civil servants.
A Man in a Modern City: from the dichotomy of the sacred and profane to the innovative and provocative
Authors: Kuzmina Natalia Valerevna , Astafeva Olga Nikolaevna
Published: April 2022

In this article, the authors attempt to comprehend the modern city and, in particular, the metropolis from the perspective of a semiotic approach, as well as conceptualize it as a space of human cultural existence. Thus, the subject of the article is the social and cultural space of a modern city. The authors of the article rely on the idea that the "cultural centers" in the city and the metropolis for a long time, according to three cultural objects centering urban life: this is a castle, a temple and a market, which traditionally embodied the dichotomy of the sacred and profane in the socio-cultural space of the city. The temple was a place not only of religious worship, but also of human formation. In turn, in the market (market square), the citizen was formed as an autonomous individual competing with others.   A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is that the authors come to the following conclusion:in the absence of value-based moral supports and the transformation of the "sacred", such a category as interesting, considered and analyzed in the article, became a reflection of the indefatigable thirst for the new as new, the pursuit of the illusion of happiness and the elusive fullness of life. In this regard, according to the authors of the article, the question becomes legitimate in this sense: is the harmonization of tradition and innovation, the dialectics of the dichotomies of the sacred-profane and innovative-provocative able to become a condition for preserving the metaphysics of the city, which develops if not for centuries, then for sure not for one decade and is measured by the life of more than one generation of citizens?
Smart landscape for a "smart city"
Authors: Gushchin Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Divakova Marina Nikolaevna
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this work is to study the consequences of the introduction of the smart city concept on the example of the urban landscape. There are two main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "smart city". The first of them is technocratic. Representatives of this approach consider a "smart city" as a sum of components: urban management, smart transport, etc. Representatives of the second direction consider "smart cities" as systems integrating various directions within a single urban space. The authors adhere to the second approach and choose the landscape as an object of study. The object is studied within the framework of the cybernetic paradigm, when a smart city is considered as a managed system. Identifying and describing the overall architecture of the control system and its capabilities, the authors then identify and study the functional characteristics of the control object - the "smart landscape". The description and functions of the control system are based on the "bottom-up" principle. To build the lower level of the management system, the authors identify multifunctional elements of the urban landscape that primarily need management. The lower-level systems will be combined based on the concept of the Internet of Things. Higher hierarchical levels of the management system will be limited in the diversity of their reactions, which is required by the law of necessary diversity. According to the authors, the possibilities of coordinating the preferences of citizens will limit the variety of reactions of the upper level of the system. As a result, the authors conclude that the smart landscape will be adaptive, dynamic and multi-scale. The adaptability of the landscape is understood in two ways. Adaptability to external influences and, thereby, the possibility of maintaining stable internal conditions (microclimate). Adaptability of the landscape as an adjustment to the individual needs of citizens and the formation of individual improvement zones. The dynamism of the landscape lies in the ability to change quickly to maintain a comfortable microclimate or adapt to the individual preferences of citizens. The multi-scale landscape is determined by the hierarchical structure of the management system.
N.V. Ustryalov's philosophical dispute with Slavophiles in the light of modern events.
Authors: Skorokhodova Svetlana Igorevna
Published: April 2022

The object of the research is the actual problems of Russian philosophical thought related to the issues of power and society, the spiritual and historical basis of national existence, in the context of modernity. The article attempts to reveal the meaning of the philosophical polemics of N.V. Ustryalov, the leader of the smenovekhovstvo, and Slavophiles, in which, according to the author of the article, these topics are most acutely raised. The main triad in Ustryalov's political ontology is distinguished (power, nationality, religion, which should be based on a creative idea) and compared with the well-known triad of Slavophiles (Orthodoxy-nationality-autocracy). It is shown that Ustryalov, in the "power-people" bundle, gives priority to power, mystifying and psychologizing it, whereas, according to Slavophiles, state power is a manifestation of the people's will, whose mind is in churches and universities.   It is argued that the main disagreement between Ustryalov and the Slavophiles was how they treated Orthodoxy. Ustryalov believed that not only religion, but also philosophy can become the spiritual basis of society's life, but only if it carries a creative beginning. He was close to the principle of religious tolerance. The Slavophiles believed that power should be based on the spiritual foundation that develops historically: without relying on it, it is impossible to resist the new-fangled ideas that are masterfully introduced into people's consciousness. The article concludes that Ustryalov, seeing Romanticism in the political doctrine of the Slavophiles, was not free from it himself. He did not fully think through the idea of national policy, which is especially relevant in modern times.
Foreign practice of positive discrimination
Authors: Volodin Kirill Al'bertovich
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the actual problem of modern society — positive discrimination. The introduction of preferential treatment is accompanied by intense controversy, the main disputes are centered around the issues of meeting such a policy with certain criteria of fairness and possible distortion of the incentives that it creates for beneficiaries. The author, based on a comprehensive analysis of doctrinal views and the experience of some countries, identifies common trends and differences in scientific views regarding the use of positive measures, offers his definition. It is worth noting that the lack of a unified opinion of specialists, the unformed practice of implementing the policy of positive discrimination actualize the chosen topic as the subject of research. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that due to the fundamental nature of the real and potential problems of affirmative action, they appear in the center of state policy as a means of economic growth/efficiency or as a way to achieve equality and social justice. Positive discrimination is aimed at compensating for the consequences of difficult socio-economic conditions that have affected certain groups of the population. There is a risk of stigmatization as a real and destructive phenomenon, the elimination of which will only harm minorities without eradicating racist beliefs. Therefore, the author believes that the effectiveness of affirmative action should be aimed not only at redistributing the positions of groups and providing preferential benefits (preferences), but also at structural changes in modern society, perpetuating the marginalization of certain classes.
Productivity and efficiency in the evaluation of judicial activity
Authors: Vasilev Dmitrii
Published: April 2022

The article raises the question of whether it is correct to use the term "efficiency" when evaluating judicial activity using quantitative indicators of judicial statistics. These indicators are focused on the departmental needs of a closed-in judicial system. The article shows that in relation to the assessment of the activity of courts according to judicial statistics, it is correct to use the term "productivity". The thesis of the article is that when evaluating the work of courts and judges, to distinguish productivity from efficiency. It is noted that the productivity of ships and their efficiency are not directly dependent. Particular attention is paid to determining what constitutes the effectiveness of judicial activity.   The author comes to the conclusion that the effectiveness of judicial work can be investigated by studying the assessments of courts and judges by their "clients" - litigants, other persons involved in the case, society as a whole. Courts act effectively if their "reputation capital" increases in the eyes of society. The currently used indicators of judicial statistics should be replaced by an assessment of the effectiveness of justice based on a sociological study of the reputation of the judiciary. The judiciary should have its own structures to monitor changes in public opinion regarding the reputation of the courts. When considering a possible methodology for assessing the reputation of courts and judges, it is noted that it is not expressed in quantitative data. Shifting the emphasis in the evaluation of judicial activity to the study of efficiency will provide feedback to the judicial system with its "clients", will form additional motivation for judges to take care of their own reputation in the eyes of public opinion.
"We are returning...". Issues of pension provision in the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the VIII convocation.
Authors: Timshina Ekaterina Leonidovna
Published: April 2022

One of the main directions of the state's social policy is to support the elderly. In the Russian Federation, after the last pension reform of 2018, the issue of pension provision has become one of the main points of tension in the relationship between the state and society, which was reflected in the federal election campaign of 2021. The subject of study in this article is the proposals of political parties in the field of pension policy. The election programs of the parties in the 2021 elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the VIII convocation were used as the object of the study. The author examines the attitude of the authors of pre-election programs to certain aspects of pension reform, including changes in the retirement age, the direction of further reforms, social protection of pensioners and pre-retirees, in addition, a comparison with the position of the parties in 2016 was made. The results of the study are based on the use of general scientific methods and principles of scientific knowledge, a systematic approach, comparative analysis and historical objectivity.   Despite the continued significant interest of the population in the pension problem in 2021, which sharply increased after the retirement age was increased, the parties were unable to fully realize the potential of this issue. Speaking from critical positions, they focused on counter-reform, reducing most of the proposals to a return to the past, practically offering no innovations. Most of the statements on raising the level of pensions were clearly populist in nature and had no mechanism for their implementation. Regarding the 2016 elections, opposition parties have noticeably intensified criticism of the existing system and the Pension Fund of Russia. United Russia, on the other hand, distanced itself as much as possible from the pension reform, without touching on the latest changes in its election theses. It can be expected that in the next election cycle, the pension issue will retain the status of one of the central issues in the election campaign.
"Hymen" and "Mask of Queens" by Inigo Jones. Early spectacles at the court of James I and the Baroque theatrical aesthetics
Authors: Lampasova Anna Vladimirovna
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the changes in the theatrical space and artistic features of the two early court masks during the transition from the Renaissance theater system to the Baroque. The object of the study were two early court spectacles of the Stuart period in the context of Baroque aesthetics – "Hymen" and "Mask of Queens", the authors of which were the playwright Ben Johnson and the artist Inigo Jones. Special attention is paid to the scenic design of both masks and the transformations of the theater space, in which the main role is played by the stage device – the turning circle. Its use in spectacles not only allowed the artist to change the whole design and express one of the main themes of the performance through the transformations themselves, but also combined stage transformations with the plot action of the mask. The research material is presented by the surviving texts of Ben Johnson's mask plays, letters from courtiers and ambassadors who were direct witnesses of court spectacles, as well as published sketches of costumes and scenery by Inigo Jones. The methodology of the work includes a cultural-historical approach, a descriptive method, a method of comparative analysis, as well as a reconstruction of a theatrical performance that has not yet been carried out in relation to both masks. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in Russian theater studies, an attempt has been made to consider the aesthetic features of Inigo Jones' theatrical and decorative art in the context of Baroque aesthetics based on the material of two court spectacles. The main conclusion is the identification in the two early Stuart masks of the features of Baroque art and the transition to the formation of the English Baroque theater with its scenic metamorphoses, striking the viewer dynamics, the coverage of the universal expanses on stage and the synthesis of all the arts.
Quantum coherence in spin-orbit coupled quantum dots system
Authors: Wang Zhi-Mei , Wang Hong , Xue Nai-Tao , Cheng Gao-Yan ,   Department of Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China,   Institute of Computational and Applied Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China,   Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the quantum coherence effect in spin-orbit coupled quantum dots system is studied. The average current, shot noise and skewness of the system are calculated by using the full counting statistics approach of the transport system. It is found that the shot noise decreases with the spin-orbit coupling increasing. More importantly, the current, noise and skewness fluctuate periodically with the magnetic flux. And the oscillation period is not affected by the strength of spin-orbit coupling, spin polarization and dynamic coupling asymmetry.
Tunable beam propagation based on cylindrically symmetric gradient index system
Authors: Wen Guang-Feng , Zhao Ling-Zhong , Zhang Lin , Chen Yi-Yun , Luo Qi-Lin , Fang An-An , Liu Shi-Yang ,   Institute of Information Optics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China,   Xiangsihu College, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530225, China
Published: April 2022

In this work, a cylindrically symmetric gradient-refractivity two-dimensional electromagnetic system is constructed by using the magnetic metamaterials consisting of an array of ferrite rods. With the change of the bias magnetic field, the different gradient-refractivity systems can be obtained, based on which a tunable flexible beam is demonstrated. Based on the effective-medium theory, the effective electric permittivity and the effective magnetic permeability can be retrieved and thus the effective refractive index is obtained straightforwardly. It is shown that with the variation of the ferrite rod radius, an effective refractivity profile with particular gradient can be realized, which exhibits the electromagnetic “black-hole-like” effect. Especially, the gradient refractivity profile is also designed by introducing the gradient bias magnetic field, which, in principle, results in the refractivity profile with many different gradients. Finally, the propagation of a Gaussian beam in the gradient-refractivity system is simulated by using the multiple scattering theory. A few different phenomena are observed such as the “black-hole” effect, the interior beam deflection, the exterior beam deflection, and the beam splitting. Furthermore, the functionalities can be switched between each other by controlling the bias magnetic field and adding an additional degree of freedom for beam propagation.
Recent progress in optoelectronic memristive devices for in-sensor computing
Authors: Shan Xuan-Yu , Wang Zhong-Qiang , Xie Jun , Zheng Jia-Hui , Xu Hai-Yang , Liu Yi-Chun ,   Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China,   National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
Published: April 2022

Neuromorphic computing system, inspired by human brain, has the capability of breaking through the bottlenecks of conventional von Neumann architecture, which can improve the energy efficiency of data processing. Novel neuromorphic electronic components are the hardware foundation of efficient neuromorphic computation. Optoelectronic memristive device integrates the functions of sensing, memorizing and computing and is considered as a promising hardware candidate for neuromorphic vision. Herein, the recent research progress of optoelectronic memristive device for in-sensor computing are reviewed, including optoelectronic materials and mechanism, optoelectronic memristive device/characteristics as well as functionality and application of in-sensor computing. We first review the optoelectronic materials and corresponding memristive mechanism, including photon-ion coupling and photon-electron coupling type. Then optoelelctronic and all-optical modulated memristive device are introduced according to the modulation mode. Moreover, we exhibit the applications of optoelectronic device in cognitive function simulation, optoelectronic logic operation, neuromorphic vision, object tracking, etc. Finally, we summarize the advantages/challenges of optoelectronic memristor and prospect the future development.
Concerted modification of nucleotides at functional centers of the ribosome revealed by single-molecule RNA modification profiling
Authors: Bailey Andrew D , Talkish Jason , Ding Hongxu , Igel Haller , Duran Alejandra , Mantripragada Shreya , Paten Benedict , Ares Manuel
Published: April 2022

Nucleotides in RNA and DNA are chemically modified by numerous enzymes that alter their function. Eukaryotic ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is modified at more than 100 locations, particularly at highly conserved and functionally important nucleotides. During ribosome biogenesis, modifications are added at various stages of assembly. The existence of differently modified classes of ribosomes in normal cells is unknown because no method exists to simultaneously evaluate the modification status at all sites within a single rRNA molecule. Using a combination of yeast genetics and nanopore direct RNA sequencing, we developed a reliable method to track the modification status of single rRNA molecules at 37 sites in 18 S rRNA and 73 sites in 25 S rRNA. We use our method to characterize patterns of modification heterogeneity and identify concerted modification of nucleotides found near functional centers of the ribosome. Distinct, undermodified subpopulations of rRNAs accumulate upon loss of Dbp3 or Prp43 RNA helicases, suggesting overlapping roles in ribosome biogenesis. Modification profiles are surprisingly resistant to change in response to many genetic and acute environmental conditions that affect translation, ribosome biogenesis, and pre-mRNA splicing. The ability to capture single-molecule RNA modification profiles provides new insights into the roles of nucleotide modifications in RNA function.
Randomness analysis of end-to-end delay in random forwarding networks
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Huang Jie , Duan Zhenyu , Xu Yao , Yao Yifei
Published: April 2022

Random forwarding networks play a significant role in solving security and load balancing problems. As a random quantity easily obtained by both sender and receiver, the end-to-end delay of random forwarding networks can be utilized as an effective random source for cryptography-related applications. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model of Random forwarding networks and give the calculation method of end-to-end delay distribution. In exploring the upper limit of the randomness of end-to-end delay, we find that the end-to-end delay collision of different forwarding routes is the main reason for the decrease of end-to-end delay randomness. Some of these collisions can be optimized by better network deployment, while others are caused by some interesting network topology, which is unavoidable. For further analysis, we propose an algorithm to calculate the inevitable collision in random forwarding networks skillfully by using Symbol Matrix, and we give the optimal node forwarding strategy with the maximum randomness of the end-to-end delay for a given number of middle forwarding nodes and forwarding times. Finally, we introduce a specific application of generating symmetric keys by using the randomness of the end-to-end delay.
Depth effect on the prokaryotic community assemblage associated with sponges from different rocky reefs
Authors: González-Acosta Bárbara , Barraza Aarón , Guadarrama-Analco César , Hernández-Guerrero Claudia J. , Martínez-Díaz Sergio Francisco , Cardona-Félix César Salvador , Aguila-Ramírez Ruth Noemí
Published: April 2022

Background

Sponge microbiomes are essential for the function and survival of their host and produce biologically active metabolites, therefore, they are ideal candidates for ecological, pharmacologic and clinical research. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revealed that many factors, including the environment and host, determine the composition and structure of these symbiotic communities but the controls of this variation are not well described. This study assessed the microbial communities associated with two marine sponges of the genera Aplysina (Nardo, 1834) and Ircinia (Nardo, 1833) in rocky reefs from Punta Arena de la Ventana (Gulf of California) and Pichilingue (La Paz Bay) in the coast of Baja California Sur, México to determine the relative importance of environment and host in structuring the microbiome of sponges.

Methods

Specimens of Aplysina sp were collected by scuba diving at 10 m and 2 m; Ircinia sp samples were collected at 2 m. DNA of sponge-associated prokaryotes was extracted from 1 cm3 of tissue, purified and sent for 16S amplicon sequencing. Primer trimmed pair-ended microbial 16S rDNA gene sequences were merged using Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) Paired-end Reads Assembler. Chao1, Shannon and Simpson (alpha) biodiversity indices were estimated, as well permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and Bray-Curtis distances.

Results

The most abundant phyla differed between hosts. Those phyla were: Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetes. In Ircinia sp the dominant phylum was Acidobacteria. Depth was the main factor influencing the microbial community, as analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed a significant difference between the microbial communities from different depths.

Conclusion

Microbial diversity analysis showed that depth was more important than host in structuring the Aplysina sp and Ircinia sp microbiome. This observation contrast with previous reports that the sponge microbiome is highly host specific.
Study on the mechanism of Danshen-Guizhi drug pair in the treatment of ovarian cancer based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiment
Authors: Qin Chongzhen , Wu Menglin , Wang Xinru , Zhang Wenda , Qi Guangzhao , Wu Na-Yi , Liu Xiaoting , Lu Yaoyao , Zhang Jingmin , Chai Yuna
Published: April 2022

Our study aims to explore the active components and mechanisms of the Danshen-Guizhi drug pair in treating ovarian cancer by network pharmacology and in vitro experiment. The “component-target-pathway” diagram of the Danshen-Guizhi drug pair was established by network pharmacology, and the effective active components, important targets as well as potential mechanisms of the Danshen-Guizhi drug pair were analyzed. The predicted results were verified by molecular docking and in vitro experiments. The main active components of the Danshen-Guizhi drug pair in the treatment of ovarian cancer are salviolone, luteolin, β-sitosterol and tanshinone IIA. The main core target is PTGS2. The pathways involved mainly include the cancer pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed that salviolone and tanshinone IIA had good binding ability to the target. The expression of PTGS2 mRNA and PGE2 in ovarian cells were significantly inhibited by salviolone. The mechanism of the Danshen-Guizhi drug pair in the treatment of ovarian cancer may be regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumor immunity. This provides a theoretical basis for the clinical development and application of the Danshen-Guizhi drug pair.