bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interacción entre la hormona del crecimiento y el sistema glutamatérgico: implicaciones para la plasticidad cerebral
Authors: Zamora-Bello Isaac , López-Meraz María Leonor
Published: December 2022

La hormona del crecimiento (HC) es una hormona proteica que posee efectos pleiotrópicos, tanto a nivel sistémico como cerebral. La HC participa en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso al regular el crecimiento, la proliferación, la diferenciación y la supervivencia celular. Además, la HC está involucrada en procesos de plasticidad cerebral como el aprendizaje y la memoria, e incluso de neuroprotección. Sin embargo, en dichos procesos, la participación del sistema glutamatérgico es fundamental. La evidencia apunta a que la HC y el glutamato mantienen una relación estrecha de modulación para promover dichos cambios plásticos, por lo que la presente revisión compila la relación que existe entre ambos sistemas.
The Resilience of the Indigenous People Towards Natural Disasters: Case of Central Mountains of Papua
Authors: Yanthy Normalia Ode , Sitorus Yannice Luma Marnala , Nurmaningtyas Anggia Riani
Published: December 2022

The resilience of the indigenous people of Papua towards natural disasters has been questioned because of the large number of casualties post disasters deaths which should have been handled differently considering their knowledge and closeness to nature; thus, it should be easy for them to adapt in times of natural changes. This study is aimed at investigating the resilience of the indigenous people of Papua in the central mountains of Papua towards disasters based on secondary data. Study results showed that the resilience of indigenous people of the central mountains of Papua towards disasters is more influenced by social factors than ecology since, generally, the ecological system in the disaster area in the central mountains of  Papua has not experienced much change. The social factors are, among others, the impact of modern civilization, which has not been well adapted by the indigenous people, and the lack of skills of local stakeholders in disaster mitigation. Disaster mitigation should be in the form of improvement of the social condition of indigenous people of the central mountains area of Papua to perfect their civilization towards a more prosperous life
Peusijuek Local Wisdom Resilience of the Acehnese Within the Cultural Globalization Discourse
Authors: Kasman Adi , Ikhwan M. , Hidayat Roni
Published: December 2022

This research is an effort to explain the experiences of acehnese people in defending local culture from the rapid flow of cultural globalization. Cultural globalization is the dissemination of ideas, meanings, and values that transcend cultural boundaries because they are assisted by the internet, media, and foreign travel so that it becomes a challenge for the local wisdom of the community. The purpose of this study is to see the transformation process carried out by the Acehnese people in maintaining the local wisdom of peusijuek as a cultural heritage of the Acehnese people in the past. The method used in this study is qualitative research with an anthropological approach to identify indicators used by the Acehnese people in maintaining the existence of local wisdom. This research was carried out in Aceh Barat Regency by considering the locus that was very supportive to be observed by the author. The results of the study show that the transformation process of peusijeuk local wisdom involves various dimensions such as educational institutions, traditional institutions, and also the level of public awareness of the importance of the value of local wisdom.
Dynamics of Balancing Social Welfare and Economic Benefit in Akzonobel’s CSR Governance in Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Rino Ardhian , Prakoso Septyanto Galan , Cahyani Meisya Putri Intan , Putri Listya Wahyuningtyas , Al Putra Ferdian Ahya
Published: December 2022

Corporate Social Responsibility has grown as an issue in corporate governance in recent years.  By having such programs, a private company might seem as having a social responsibility towards its social surroundings. In October 2020, no less than 19.056 studies had been conducted on this subject in various contexts. Even though plenty of research was conducted in the area, there is still limited understanding of how CSR helps a Multinational Company (MNC) during a crisis. This study will analyze the role of private companies (as the example is AkzoNobel) in providing for public needs while gaining economic benefit simultaneously. This study will use a qualitative descriptive method, with document analysis as a data collection technique. For analyzing the data this study will use Miles, Huberman, and Saldana’s approach to data reduction and display. The result indicates that a comprehensive CSR program combined with strong corporate culture helps an MNC in surviving its operation despite being in the middle of domestic challenges. This research may serve as a checkpoint for further study on CSR in society as one of the social-cultural issues.
EKSISTENSI KERAJINAN GERABAH TRADISIONAL DI DUSUN PRECET BLITAR MELALUI DESA WISATA EDUKASI KAMPUNG GERABAH
Authors: Nurjanah Aprilya Dwi , Sabila Aliza Nur , Ramadhani Novela Wahyu , Gitapurwasih Joan Hesti
Published: December 2022

In contrast to other craftsmen who experienced a decline, the traditional pottery industry in Precet actually experienced an increase. The purpose of the study was to determine the strategy of the pottery craftsmen in Precet Hamlet in maintaining their culture so that traditional pottery crafts still exist. The research was conducted in Precet, Plumpungrejo, Kademangan, Blitar. Using this type of qualitative research with a case study approach. Determination of research subjects by purposive sampling method. Data collection techniques are interviews with five informants, observation, and documentation. as for the data validity technique using source triangulation and data analysis is carried out through the stages of Miles and Huberman. The results of this study are people who still maintain their culture from generation to generation, innovations that continue to be carried out according to market needs, and a supportive surrounding environment so that the traditional pottery industry survives. This research is examined using the theory of structural functionalism from Talcot Parson. Parson coined the famous scheme of functions known as the acronym AGIL. The existence of this research is expected to be used as a motivation to continue to innovate with modern technology that helps facilitate craftsmen in making pottery.
Amor, paz y política de Manuela Sáenz Aizpuru para la América: palabras en cartas y diarios para tiempos de guerra y patriarcado
Authors: Martínez i Àlvarez Patrícia Victòria
Published: December 2022

Entre fines del siglo XVIII y las primeras décadas del siglo XIX, se desarrollaron los procesos de independencia en América que dieron lugar a nuevas repúblicas. La memoria patriarcal ha recogido los hechos de sus soldados y de sus líderes hombres para narrar aquel período. En las últimas décadas, algunas historiadoras han estudiado las vivencias de muchas mujeres, entre ellas a Manuela Sáenz Aizpuru, quien expresada en primera persona desde la historia feminista o, en tercera, desde la memoria patriarcal, deviene personas diversas. Este artículo se centra en sus escritos para que sea ella quien explique su propia política y los sentidos que puso al período de las independencias en el Ecuador, en Colombia y en el Perú.
Social Movement Research in/and Struggles for Change: Research for What and For Whom?
Authors: Choudry Aziz
Published: December 2022

Research is key to daily organising and struggles for social, political, economic and environmental justice. If research is to be useful in organising and struggles for change, it cannot be something that metaphorically or literally sits on a shelf or behind a paywall, and is inaccessible or irrelevant to the communities, movements and publics whose concerns, issues and lives it engages with, and who may also well be the foundations of much of the knowledge it draws on. This article discusses some of the ways in which activist researchers—or activists who do research as part of their organising/activism—understand and practise research, and the purposes and processes of knowledge production. It offers guideposts for scholars and academics who are keen to do research with, for and about social movements. What are some of the sources of such knowledge? How is this knowledge produced? How do such practices relate to professionalised forms of research and expertise? How might such research practices foster the building or strengthening of collective agency?
Evolving the SCAT5 for Ruling Out Higher-Severity Traumatic Brain Injuries—Can Decision Rules Developed for Emergency Settings Help?
Authors: Tremblay Amélie , Schneider Kathryn J. , Yeates Keith Owen , Schneider Geoff , Frémont Pierre
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND: Decision rules (eg, Canadian computed tomography head rule [CCHR] for adults and Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network [PECARN] rule for children/adolescents) are used in emergency settings (emergency room [ER] rules) to assess traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). The rules have a high-sensitivity and near-perfect negative predictive value that help to rule out more severe TBI.

CLINICAL QUESTION: Which criteria should be added to the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) to reach the sensitivity of the ER rules and improve the utility of the SCAT5 for screening for higher-severity head and brain injuries?

KEY RESULTS: We performed a comparative analysis of the SCAT5 with the CCHR and PECARN rules. We compared the presence (yes or no) and comparative “face value” sensitivity (lower, identical, or higher) of the SCAT5 criteria to the ER rules criteria. Loss of consciousness, vomiting, severe/increasing headache, and seizure are SCAT “red flags” with similar or higher sensitivity compared to ER rules criteria. Five criteria had lower sensitivity or were absent from the SCAT. Emergency room rules include any abnormality on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS<15), but only a “deterioration of the state of consciousness” is considered a “red flag” in the SCAT5. Persistent retrograde amnesia for more than 30 minutes, age>65, severity of the mechanism of injury, and signs of skull fractures are not mentioned in the SCAT5.

CLINICAL APPLICATION: We identified 5 criteria that could inform the evolution the SCAT5 to improve its ability to rule out more severe TBI in a sideline assessment context. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(3):113–119. Epub: 9 December 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11301
Determining the Oxidative State in Children with Enterobiasis Infection
Authors: Nassief Tabarek A.H , Awwad Alaa M , Nassief Taqwa A.H , Mustafa Mohammed A
Published: December 2022

The objective of current study is determining the oxidative state in children with Enterobiasis infection. The current study was done among children aged 3 years to 10 years in Tikrit city, Iraq. 135 children were used in current work at January 2020 to November 2020. The number of males was 57 and female was 78. The cello tape method was to detect infection of Enterobiasis vermicularis. The findings demonstrated that the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in an infected children show significant (p is less than 0.05) elevated compared with healthy children. The levels of Glutathione (GSH) and catalase in an infected children show significant (p is less than 0.05) reduce compared with healthy children. Otherwise, the levels of IL-2 in an infected children show significant elevated compared with healthy children. So, the study found that there is a direct relationship between E. vermicularis and oxidative status in children with a direct effect on interleukin 2.
Expression of Urotensin II of Human Placental Tissues and in Serum in Gestational Diabetic Mellitus in Iraqi Woman
Authors: Lafta Israa A , AL-Bakri Nahla A , Abdulhameed Wasan A
Published: December 2022

The placenta is an organ between the mother and fetus necessary for fetal growth and development. Gestational diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most frequent metabolic condition detected during pregnancy. It is characterized as hyperglycemia of various severity with onset or first detection during pregnancy that does not clearly describe any form of preexisting diabetes. Urotensin II (UII), a pluripotent vasoactive peptide, is important in developing insulin resistance. This study aimed to determine the level of Urotensin II(UII) in placenta and in the serum of diabetic and nondiabetic women. Methods The blood and placenta tissue collected from 50 ladies had been enrolled in this research ( 25 females with uncomplicated), (25 women with gestational diabetes). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to look at the expression of the Urotensin II (UII) marker in placenta specimens. The IHC analysis revealed that Urotensin II expression was primarily found in placental cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast. Results of an immunohistochemistry investigation using the Urotensin II (UII) marker revealed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.001) in diabetic women’s placentas and serum than control groups. Conclusion, the Urotensin II is mainly located in the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. That was significantly higher in the gestational DM group.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Gel of Alhagi Camelorum with its Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Verma Garima , Kumar Sushil , Singh Amit
Published: December 2022

This paper emphasizes the anti-inflammatory effects of Alhagi Camelorum. Most of the diseases are caused by a continuous swelling, including cancer. There is hence a need to neutralize inflammation. A. Camelorum, a medicinal plant, has been historically utilized as a remedy in Ayurveda and other systems of folk medicine. Thus, several techniques were utilized by Wister rats to examine A. Camelorum anti-inflammatory properties. The plant material was crushed into a coarse powder in a grinder after drying and stored at a room temperature for further investigation. The powdered plant material of A. Camelorum was subjected to successive solvent extraction (hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol) in soxlet extraction method. Different extracts were analyzed using a traditional procedure to evaluate the various physicochemical properties. The HPTLC report is included to the file. It was discovered that the methanol and chloroform drug extract contained flavonoids (good anti-inflammatory properties) when quercetine was used as a marker. Topical gel of methanol and chloroform drug extract of A. Camelorum were prepared with Carbopol 934, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carboxymethyl cellulose. These gel formers have been created, tested, and gel chosen, which showed good propagation and consistency, to get the right consistency of the gel formulation. Gel containing methanol drug extract FM2 and FM10 formulation showed highest in-vitro release which were selected and subjected to carrageenan induced rat paw edema method. Our study reveals the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract of A. Camelorum were found to be significant.
Some of Biochemical Tests for Blood Serum and Some of Hematological Variants of the Blood for Iraqi Camels Infected with Blood Parasites
Authors: Al-Hakak Zahra M
Published: December 2022

This study was conducted to measure some biochemical tests of blood serum and some hematological variables of Iraqi camels infected with blood parasites.We collected randomly (70) blood samples for the period of time from the beginning of 1/6/2018 to 30/6/2019 with an age ranging (less than one year - 14 years) (For both sexes), (20) samples of which, with a percentage (28.57%) from camels who were in good health condition for approval as a control group to compare the results of their chemical and blood tests with the results of the tests for camels infected with blood parasites, and a number (50) samples, at a rate (71.43%) from camels, who was suffering from anemia, pall and yellowish of the mucous membranes, combined with areas of edema in the neck, chest, genitals and limbs. The first work of the study is to do clinical examination of all the animals used for research then make blood smears, and biochemical tests of blood plasma was performed, then a statistical analysis of the results obtained was performed using the (SPSS) program. The results of the research showed that number (14) at (28%), had babesia, number (15) at 30%, had anaplasma while (9) at (18%) had trypanosoma, and number (12) at 24%, had thalaria. The results of the clinical examination, after comparing them with the control group, showed there was a statistically significant difference at a level of (p is less than 0.05) between healthy and infected camels. As for the results of the blood tests, it was noted there was a decrease in the values of the tests for the blood samples of animals infected with blood parasites than in the animals of the control group, thus, a statistically significant difference at a level of (p is less than 0.05) was recorded between the two groups, but there was no statistically significant difference at a level of (p is less than 0.05) between animals that infected with blood parasites between them. The results for the values of MCV, MCH, and MCHC, we found that they did not show any statistically significant difference at a level of (p is less than 0.05) between the control group and the group of infected animals also between the infected animals between them. The results of the total number of white blood cells and the differential count for each type of leukocytes in the control and infected group showed a significant statistical difference at a level of (p is less than 0.05) between the two groups and between the types of leukocytes between them and the results of the biochemical tests, the presence of a statistically significant difference at a level of (p is less than 0.05) between the control group and the infected camel group.
Escherichia coli Biomarker Types in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Jassim Heba M , Lafi Shehab A , Majeed Yasin H
Published: December 2022

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer in the globe; increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor associated with carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and colonic polyps. This study was conducted on 50 adult patients of both gender. These patients were proved colorectal cancer of different stages, and they were attending gastrointestinal center in Ramadi city, Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Center at Medical City Hospital Baghdad, during the period extended from November to February 2021. Thirty-five biopsies were taken from patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed in colonoscopy, and fifteen (15) stool specimens were taken from them. Each specimen was cultivated on blood agar, MacConkey agar, at 37°C for 24 hours. Then bacterial colonies were studied grossly, their size, color, elevation, texture, and odor; dry, stained smear was stained with Gram stain. A part of the test colony was submitted to biochemical investigation using a suitable sterile medium for each test. The bacterial diagnosis was confirmed using the VITIC system. For molecular research, Escherichia coli isolates were purified and maintained frozen at -20°C in a brain heart infusion broth containing 20% glycerol. Another 50 control adult, with normal colonoscopy from both genders. A stool specimen was taken from each control individually and processed as soon as possible in the same way for the patient group. Test E. coli isolated from both patient group and control group were tested for virulence genes different Frequency of 16S ribosomal RNA (16SrRNA) gene, cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF) gene, cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) gene, and polyketide synthase (PKS) genes. The Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) was measured in sera from patients with CRC and compared to healthy individuals. The genes implicated in carcinogenesis in E. coli strains, such as 16SrRNA, CNF, and CTD, were only found in test isolates of E. coli from patients, indicating that local E. coli containing such genes could become pathogens in such persons, contributing to CRC induction.
The Effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Salicylic Acid, and their Synergistic Effect on Protein, Carbohydrates Content and Leaf Area of Two Varieties of Triticum aestivum L. Plant
Authors: Hameed Hussein M , Ali Faiq H , Makki Maytham A
Published: December 2022

The study aims to show the effect of salicylic acid at concertation (50–100 and 150 ppm) and Pseudomonas fluorescens at (105,106,107 cfu/mL) on protein, carbohydrates content and leaf area for two varieties (Abu-Ghraib, Abaa 99) of Triticum aestivum L. The results are indicated the significant effect of P. fluorescens and salicylic acid (SA) at the combination of concentration of P. fluorescens (FP2) and SA (SA2) for variety (Abu-Ghraib) was more impact than (Abaa 99) on the physiological aspect like protein, carbohydrates content and leaf area (7.427, 55.55, 26.42) mg/g dry weight respectively while the value of control was (0.969, 4.158, 4.100) mg/g, respectively. The results showed that salicylic acid and P. fluorescens induced better than the sole application of SA or P. fluorescens.
Synthesis of Homo and Copolymerization of New Bicyclic Imide with Central Schiff Base Moiety
Authors: Ali Mustafa D.M , Al-Azzawi Ahlam M
Published: December 2022

In this work, seven new bisimide polymers containing Schiff base component were synthesized through performing many steps. The first step involved reaction of maleic anhydride with 4-amino acetophenone producing maleamic acid which inturn was converted in the second step to corresponding maleimide via dehydration reaction. Treatment with benzidine in the third step afforded Schiff base which subsequently introduced in reaction with citraconic anhydride affording citraconamic acid and this was converted to bisimide through reaction with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate.The newly synthesized monomer was introduced in free radical homo and copolymerization producing the target new polymers.
Kinetics Study of the Reaction between Serine and N-Bromosuccinimide in the Presence of Palladium (Pd2+)
Authors: Salman Noori Y
Published: December 2022

The oxidation of serine using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) has been studied at fix pH value. The reaction presents a first-order reaction with respect to both substrate and oxidant. It is noted that the rate of reaction increases with increasing the palladium ion concentration. The addition of the reaction product (succinimide) affects the oxidation reaction rate. The protonated Br+ or NBrS and NBrS are used to be the reactive species of the N-bromosuccinimide. Furthermore, intermediate compounds are noticed through the reaction. Finally, a mechanism for the oxidation reaction is suggested in this work.
Relation between Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase with some Biochemical Variables in Iraqi Men with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Diabetes
Authors: Abdulkareem Shahad A , Ali Susan J , Mohamad Dlnya A
Published: December 2022

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a widespread cause of death in numerous parts of the world. Many factors raise the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). One of the most of it is atherosclerosis, caused by many factors such as Hyperlipidemia. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is the key regulatory enzyme in fatty acid synthesis. The disorder of lipid metabolism is one of the characteristics of diabetes, which is considered a risk factor for MI. Therefore, the activity ACC was estimated in patients with AMI and Diabetes.
Method: The study included estimation of ACC activity and correlated with other biochemical variables such as Troponin T(cTnT), C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose‚ lipid profile, electrolytes [Sodium (Na⁺), Potassium(K⁺), Chloride (Cl⁻)]‚ urea and creatinine (Crea.), and evaluation of body mass index (BMI) effect in serum of 60 patients with AMI and diabetes compared with 30 serum from apparently healthy individuals as a control group, both groups are of males with an average age
(25–60 years).
Results and Conclusions: Results showed a significant increase in levels of ACC, cTnT, CRP, Glucose, and Lipid profile except for high-density lipoprotein – cholesterol (HDL-C) and urea, while a significant decrease with Na⁺and K⁺ also a non-significant variation was observed with Cl⁻ and creatinine in AMI and diabetes patients compared to control group.
The Correlation of BMI and Age to Some Hormonal Indices in Iraqi Women with the Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Kasim Sumayah F , Saadoon Sarah J
Published: December 2022

Only a few researchers have looked at the link between age and the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between age and body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of PCOS and to compare the levels of certain endocrine profiles in PCOS and healthy females. In this study, 75 random females participate, 75 healthy females, and fifty are patients in PCOS. Age has no significant difference among females with PCOS as compared with females with normal ovaries. Otherwise, thirty cases of PCOS group occurred in a high percentage (64%) at (18–26) years. Also, highly significant differences in BMI of the PCOS group as compared with a control group, in which in 30 cases (60%) of total study cases, 50 (100%) of females diagnosed with PCOS were obese, and their BMI over 30.
On the other hand, the results of the control group (healthy females) were categorized mostly under an average weight 24 (96.0%) from a total study count of 25 (100%). Finally, highly significant differences in serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone of the PCOS group compared with the control group and non-significant differences in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) serum levels of the PCOS group compared with the control group. In summary, we observed that women with PCOS with signs and symptoms of PCOS represented mainly in obesity, menstrual irregularity, and hirsutism had higher body mass index, LH levels, and testosterone than women with normal ovaries.
Comparative Study of Liver Function Test in Cholelithiasis Patient Pre and Post Cholecystectomy
Authors: Hawar Taban S , Lor Diyari A
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to investigate the changes that occur in liver function tests in cholelithiasis and relate those changes to it. For this purpose, 38 blood specimens were collected from the patients with cholelithiasis undergoing/underwent Cholecystectomy at Azadi-teaching and Kirkuk hospital from January to June 2021, 19 pre-operative samples, and 19 four weeks post-operatively.
Our study showed that the gallstone disease was more common in females 17 (89.46%) than males 2 (10.54%). Age was a major risk factor as the patients’ mean age was 39.26 years. Out of 19 patients undergoing cholecystectomy, pre-operative liver function tests (LFT) were normal in 11(61.11%) patients, and abnormal LFT was detected in 8 (44.44 %) patients. Eight (42.1%) patients had elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P levels%), and also had an elevated of AST and ALT. In the serum, slight elevations in the level of total bilirubin 5 (26.3%), and direct bilirubin 3 (15.8) were also noticed in those patients.
Following Cholecystectomy (after 4 weeks), in some cases, changes occur in liver function tests where the finding of ALT, AST, and ALK-P closely shows restoration to normal. However, some cases show no significant variation. Statistically, big distinctions between levels of ALK-P, AST, and ALT have been found before and after Cholecystectomy (p is less than 0.0050, p is less than 0.0124, and p is less than 0.0115). The statistical result shows no significance in total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) in postoperative cases.
At all, there were big distinctions between levels of ALK-P, AST, and ALT before and after Cholecystectomy (p is less than 0.0050, p is less than 0.0124, and p is less than 0.0115, respectively), but levels of total and direct bilirubin revealed no significant distinctions before and after Cholecystectomy.
Study of Histological Structure of Mesencephalon in White Cheeked Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis)
Authors: Abid Wijdan B , Hussain Hanan R.D , Al-Hamawandy Dalia H
Published: December 2022

The histological structure of Pycnonotus leucotis was investigated to fill the dearth of information on the histology of mid-brain from available literature and help understand its brain. The brain is wide and short and its length 1.5 cm, and it consists of three regions. The middle region is the mesencephalon. The mesencephalon was divided into optic tectum and tegmentum. The optic tectum consists of six main layers, while the tegmentum contains nuclei of cranial nerves.
Statistical Association Between Age Groups, Body Mass Index and Cancer Grade with Serological Concentrations of Immunological Biomarkers (Interleukin IL-1β, IL-6) among Females with Breast Cancer
Authors: Jamel Zeina F , Mahdi Dawood S , Alsaimary Ihsan E
Published: December 2022

Statistical association between age groups, body mass index and cancer grade with serological concentrations of immunological biomarkers (interleukin IL-1B, IL-6) among females with breast cancer was carried out in this study. The total number of breast cancer patients involved in this study are 80 individuals were taken from Basrah oncology center in Basrah province, the age of patients ranging from 20–80 years and 80 individuals considered as control group after they were checked and confirmed to be free from any chest or any other health problems. the lowest rate of breast cancer females was found within the age groups 20–29 years (2.5%), and highest rate in age group 50 to 59 years (32.5%). The levels of Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) pg/mL were (5.04 pg/mL) in (>60) years and 2.87 pg/mL in age 20–29 yrs., with significant differences. The levels of IL-1β fluctuated between stages with high value in stage IV was (2.675 pg/mL). The levels of interleukin IL-6 were high value in (>60) years (6.65 pg/mL) with p = 0.01. The levels of IL-6 show high value in stage IIIC (18.5650 pg/mL). The mean of IL-6 pg/mL with body mass index, shown overweight recorded (6.797 pg/mL).
The Pathological Basis for Severe Corona Virus Disease-19 in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Alharris Esraah , Saleh Dina
Published: December 2022

Background: It has been documented that the mortality rate in diabetic persons can reach 10%. In addition, it has been shown that the rate of mortality and the need for respiratory support are higher among newly diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus compared with patients known to have diabetes mellitus for a relatively long duration. In the setting of the pandemic of COVID-19, glycemic control for the patients admitted to hospitals is critical, as is diabetes screening to uncover undiagnosed cases.Aim of the study: To explore the possible link between diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 in Iraq Patients and methods: The current research was carried out in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq, in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, including the word of medicine, respiratory unit, and intensive care unit. The study started on Sept 15, 2021 and ended on Apr 15, 2022. The study was cross-sectional and included 100 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 evidenced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and CT-scan “computed tomography scan of the chest. Those patients were chosen randomly from the pool of patients visiting the teaching hospital. The age range of patients was between 18 and 94 years, with 45 males and 55 females. Laboratory investigation results were retrieved from patients’ records and included random blood sugar, lactate dehydrogenase, d-dimer, HbA1c%, and “C-reactive protein (CRP).” Results: The mean values of age, random blood sugar (RBS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), d-dimer, HbA1c, and HS-CRP were comparable between males and females (p > 0.05). Patients with high HbA1c levels (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) were older and had significantly higher levels of random blood sugar and d-dimer than patients with HbA1c is less than 6.5%. The d-dimer level showed a significant positive correlation to RBS, LDH, HbA1c, and HS-CRP (p is less than 0.05). Conclusion: Higher levels of markers of inflammation were associated with HbA1c levels in the diabetic range, indicating a bi-directional relation between diabetes mellitus and the severity of COVID-19.
Medical Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and the Challenges: A Review
Authors: Mazumder Avijit , Kumar Naveen , Das Saumya
Published: December 2022

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disorder in the digestive system of the body. GERD in the acute stage is controlled by changing lifestyle. Medicines like antacids, mucosal protective, and prokinetic agents reduce acute GERD by reducing acidity and increasing the motility of the stomach. Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) are the primary choice of medication for treating GERD, but it is an ineffective number of gastric hypersecretory and other disorders. Ilaprazole, and tenatoprazole are currently under trial in humans and reported to have a longer duration of action. Histamine2 receptors remove some of the PPIs side effects. Tegoprazan is a potent γ-amino butyric acid agonist to treat GERD but has central nervous system side effects, which could be removed as adjunct drugs. Raseglurant and mavogluran have a potential effect in treating GERD, but a major challenge is reducing hepatotoxicity. Dronabinol is the only approved medication for cannabinoid receptors with better efficacy in treating GERD. Challenges that arise during GERD are minimized by using a better combination of drugs. Mylanta, omeprazole, and sustained released baclofen, domperidone, omeprazole, esomeprazole, and rebamipide are more effective and have been used recently in combination for treating GERD patients. Combinations therapy is more effective than monotherapy and also decreases therapeutic challenges which arise by using monotherapy of these drugs in GERD patients.
Analysis of Molecular Modeling and Molecular Docking of Beta-glucanase from Metagenomic Expression Library as Candida Antibiofilm Candidate
Authors: Maris Kurniawati . , Prasetyo Amak Y. E. , . Subandi . , . Suharti .
Published: December 2022

MOvergrowth of Candida tends to produce high levels of secondary metabolites affecting the immersion of infectious and degenerative diseases. Biofilm’s existence as a virulence factor of Candida makes it challenging to overcome causing multidrugresistant issues. Studies on the effectiveness of Candida antibiofilm drug candidates should be supported by data related to model structure and molecular interaction within the eradication process of biofilm through homology modeling and in-silico docking. This study aims to determine molecular interactions between 1,3-β-glucanase Achatina fulica in which the substrate is, through homology modeling and docking studies within the biofilm matrix eradication process.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Few New Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from Nicotinic Acid
Authors: Sakhil Abbas H. , Rumez Rasmia M.
Published: December 2022

New schiff bases series (VIII) a-e and 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives (IX) a-e containing the 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiazazole rings were synthesized and screening their biological activities. These compounds were identified via Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, some via Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and mass spectra. The biological results indicated that all of these compounds did not reveal antibacterial effectiveness against (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species) (G-). Some of these compounds showed moderate antibacterial activity against (Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) (G+), and all compounds exhibited moderate activity against Candida albicans.
Effects of Hydrolytic and Oxidizing Agents on the Properties of Low Density Polyethylene/Halloysite Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications
Authors: AbdulKadir H. K. , Alakrach Abdulkader M.
Published: December 2022

Low density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites reinforced with natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were synthesized and evaluated as a prospective material for biomedical applications via in vitro biostability studies in this work. A twin-screw extruder machine was used to fabricate the examined LDPE and LDPE/HNTs nanocomposites (NCs), followed by in vitro treatment of the prepared NCs via immersion in oxidizing and hydrolytic chemicals for four weeks at 37°C. The materials’ in vitro mechanical characteristics were evaluated under these harsh conditions. The analysis showed that the LDPE with 3 wt% HNTs exhibited the best nanofiller dispersion characteristics. This NC also presented smoother surface degradation characteristics compared to the plain LDPE and other LDPE NCs. Furthermore, as compared to plain LDPE, the LDPE NCs showed enhanced mechanical capabilities, and these qualities were less impacted by the in vitro conditions. The introduction of 3 wt% HNTs into the LDPE gave the best in vitro mechanical characteristics. Furthermore, the existence of a better-scattered nanotube structure was thought to offer a more sinuous pathway for the propagation of H2O and the oxidants, thereby reducing their penetration across the matrix chains. Hence, the kinetics of disintegration inside the LDPE molecular chains were slower, resulting in improved biostability.
A Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Potential Mechanism of Ficus religiosa against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zeena Fernandes  . , Sahana Kulkarni D. , Dattatreya K S.
Published: December 2022

Background: Ficus religiosa, also known as the peepal tree, is used to treat multiple diseases. It is proved to be effective in treating cognitive impairment. However, the potential targets and pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of its action on the management of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are not entirely clear. Therefore, a network pharmacology approach is required to further study and explore its treatment mechanism. Methods: ChEBI database was used to retrieve the active constituents. AD genes were retrieved from the DisGeNet database. SMILES of phytoconstituents were retrieved from PubChem, traced for the positive drug-likeness score, targets were predicted and regulated proteins were enriched to trace probable modulated proteins, pathways, and GO terms. Cytoscape ver. 3.7.2 was used to construct the active ingredient-target-pathway interaction of F. religiosa and network analysis. Molecular docking was also performed. Results: A total of 7 bioactive out of 25 were predicted to possess a positive drug likeliness score. Also, PIK3CA, PIK3RA, AKT1, MAP2K1 and RAF1 were predicted as key gene targets. The results of the GO analysis demonstrated that the somatodendritic compartment, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and membrane raft are the main cellular components, its molecular functions are mainly catalytic activity, ion binding, protein kinase activity and, identical protein binding. The biological process is focused on biological quality, response to oxygen-contain-compound sound, and metabolic process. Conclusions: This study holistically illuminated possible pharmacological mechanisms of F. religiosa that might be strongly associated with multi-targeting compounds and act on many AD pathways at the same time.
Supplementation of Nigella sativa as Antioxidant in COVID-19 Patients: In silico Study via the Nrf2-Keap1 Pathway
Authors: Oktaviyanti Ika K. , Nurrasyidah Ira . , Muthmainah Noor . , Diany Holly . , Komari Noer . , Suhartono Eko .
Published: December 2022

The human corona virus disease of 2019 is a viral disease that can produce oxidative stress due to reduced antioxidant activity. Black cumin is a plant that can be taken as a supplement to boost antioxidant levels in the body, although the process is still unknown. As a result, the in silico method will be used to screen the potential of Nigella sativa peptide as an antioxidant in this study.
The Effect of Bacterial DNA and Hemodialysis Therapy Conditions on Interleukin 6 Levels Variation in End-stage Renal Disease Patients
Authors: Alsaedi Sabah A. M. , Al-hashimy Ashwak B. J.
Published: December 2022

Hemodialysis (HD) is the most common therapy to treat end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. That is used to clear blood from metabolism end products and maintain water and electrolyte balance in patients’ body when failed kidneys unable to do that. Patient’s blood contact via dialysis filter (dialyzer) about 400 L of dialysis fluid that is mainly form of water and some electrolyte, this quantity of fluid contact can stimulate the production of pre-inflammatory markers due to carrying pathogens such as bacterial DNA fragments even in small quantity that can pass all filters to bloodstream stimulating production of IL-6. A total of 90 blood samples were collected from 45 patients under hemodialysis therapy in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Gazy Alhariry general hospital, Al-khayal private hospital and Al-Muayad private hospital before and after 3 hours of HD therapy to detect IL-6 by ELISA technique. And from the same centers dialysis fluid and water samples were collected to detect bacterial DNA fragments. PCR technique using 16s universal bacterial primer showed presence of bacterial DNA fragments in dialysis fluid and water used to prepare it.The ELISA readings showed a variety in IL-6 levels higher in patients with low ultrafiltration UF rate than its level in patients with high UF and generally, the level of IL-6 in patients treated in centers with DF preparation direct water distribution system were lower than its level in patients treated in centers with indirect water distribution systems.
Value Assessment of Local Treatment (Diltiazem Hydrochloride gel/vs Glycerile Trinitrite ointment) in acute Anal Fissure
Authors: Hassan Hareth A. , Obeid Lebanon M. , Aldahash Ali A. M.
Published: December 2022

Background: Anal fissure is a linear tear in the distal anal canal, associated with spasm of internal anal sphincter. Acute anal pain with bleeding on defecation are the main symptoms. Different types of chemical treatment to relax the sphincteric muscles have tried. Objective: Assess the efficacy, side effects and recurrence rate of 0.2% glycerile trinitrate ointment (GTN) and 2% diltiazim hydrochloride gel (DTZ) in treatment of acute anal fissure. Methods: A prospective randomized trial of 112 patient with acute anal fissure over 1.5 years period at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital. The diagnosis was entirely clinical. Setting of inclusion and exclusion criteria, ethical consideration respected.
Role of Sural Sensory Nerve in the Assessment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Peripheral Polyneuropathy in Adults
Authors: Alsaqa Saad A. , Yonis R. A.
Published: December 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is regarded as the most common cause of chronic peripheral neuropathy. It arises when blood sugar levels are high, causing damage to the nerves. In the meantime, the nerve conduction study (NCS) is the gold standard tool to diagnose diabetic polyneuropathy, the sensory nerve of the leg in the calf region is called the sural nerve. It is the continuation of the tibial nerve at this body part.
Development, Characterization and Optimization of N-acetylcysteine-loaded Solid Lipid Particles: In-vitro and In-vivo Study
Authors: Madupoju Bhavana . , Raju Rapaka S. , Desu Prasanna K. , Rao GSN Koteshwara , Alavala Rajasekhar R. , Amara Rama D. , Chakravarthi G .
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the present investigation was to formulate N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles, aiming to obtain an effective formulation to ensure a prolonged controlled release in liver and lung infections. In this research work, SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization method using Glyceryl monostearate, Soya lecithin, polysorbate 80, tween 40 and 80.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Scrub containing Coffea arabica Linn, Myristica fragrans, and Lens culinaris as an Antioxidant and Antiseptic Activity
Authors: Dave Pooja . , Patel Gira . , Patel Devanshi . , Patel Binkal . , Patel Dipti . , Chakraborthy G S. , Jani Rupal .
Published: December 2022

The research aimed to produce an herbal facial scrub. The majority of times, the skin on the face is in regular contact with dirt, pollution, and other contaminants. The scrub comprises various natural components that are safe to use, have fewer adverse effects, and have antibacterial, anti-infective, antioxidant, anti-aging, and moisturizing characteristics. The primary ingredient in this scrub is coffee. Coffee contains a lot of antioxidant properties. In addition, coffee grounds have a different aroma and a coarse grain and can be used to remove dirt skin cells that have died. The scrub was made with a simple mixing procedure and a variety of materials, including coffee beans, nutmeg, masoor dal, corn starch, and coconut oil mixed in melted beeswax. Other ingredients such as glycerine, light liquid paraffin, stearic acid, tween 80, and a perfuming agent was added to this formulation with effective results.
An Integrated Suggestion to Decolourize Allura Red AC Dye in the Wastewater of Pharmaceutical Industries Using a Local Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Homady Ahmed D. , Fayidh Mohammed A.
Published: December 2022

Many types of dyes used in pharmaceutical and food industries such as (Allura Red AC) might be thrown out into the environment, leading to contaminating the natural water sources and its concentration in some tanks. To support the biological treatment, designed this project was to isolate and identify the bacteria from the biological treatment tanks, able to decolourize some industrial dyes waste used in the pharmaceutical industry in Iraq. Streaking on Tryptone soy agar with Allura red dye 0.001-mg/L, more than 11 single bacterial colonies were separated and tested for their ability on decolorization. In this paper, only Two isolates will be in focus for decolourizing. The Absorbance of Allura red at wavelength 510 nm of spectrometer demonstrated its clearly decreased within the incubation time 6–24 hours and depended on the initial concentration of the dye, which was done in MSM media. The isolates were identified by the VITEK-2 XL compound system as well as the 16S rRNA gene. The identification results showed that these isolates were related to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacist about Inpatient Medication Therapy Management Services: National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abbas Karrar M. , Abdulridha Manal K.
Published: December 2022

Background: Medication therapy management is a patient-centered process to create treatment plans centered on each patient’s medication-related goals. It requires collaboration between pharmacists, patients, and other health care providers to ensure the safe and effective use of medicines. Objectives: assessment of Iraqi hospital pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and practice on MTMs providing. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in seven Iraqi hospital pharmacists’ using a structured questionnaire delivered online. Results: A total of (90) pharmacists were enrolled in the study, (86.66%) between the age of (20–30) years old, (63.33%) females, (93.33%) with bachelors degree and (90%) inpatient pharmacist setting with (96.66%) of total pharmacist had 0–10 years of experience. Most pharmacists (56.66%) had a high level of knowledge and positive attitudes toward MTMs. Furthermore, pharmacists believed that MTM services might increase the quality of health care (83.33%), and (90%) were interested in acquiring more information about MTM service. On the contrary, obstacles identified by pharmacists that might affect MTM services (MTMs) implementation, the most common were lack of training (80%), lack of private counseling area (73.33%), hence, needing for more time spending during patients’ counseling (63.33%). Conclusion: Providing insights about the hospital pharmacists revealed that most of them have good knowledge, positive attitude, and inadequate practice regarding MTM service.