bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identity crime and misuse in Australia: results of the 2018 online survey
Authors: Jorna Penny , Smith Russell
Published: July 2021

This report presents the findings of the latest survey of identity crime and misuse undertaken by the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) as part of the Australian Government’s National Identity Security Strategy. Identity crime is one of the most prevalent forms of criminal activity in Australia and can have severe and lasting consequences for victims. In 2018, nearly 10,000 people from across Australia were surveyed about their experience of victimisation, over their lifetime and during the preceding 12 months. The survey results for 2018 are compared with those of the 2017 identity crime survey. The 2018 survey found 25 percent of respondents had experienced misuse of their personal information at some time during their life, with 12 percent experiencing it in the previous 12 months. Similar numbers of respondents reported out-of-pocket losses in 2018 (945) and 2017 (950). The total out-of-pocket losses experienced were substantially lower in 2018 ($2m) than in 2017 ($2.9m). The results from the 2018 survey help policymakers to raise awareness of identity crime and reduce its impact throughout Australia.
BOLLETTINO DELLE ATTIVITÀ DEL MUSEO DEL VICINO ORIENTE,EGITTO E MEDITERRANEO DELLA SAPIENZAANNI 2018-2020
Authors: Montanari Daria
Published: July 2021

This bulletin gives account about theopening to the general public and the new dissemination program, the adhesion to the Sapienza initiatives, and the schedule of recurring activities represent, together with the participationofschools, child-friendly visits and educational workshops, the updated mode of hospitality and mediation structured in recent years by the Museum VOEM to broaden the boundaries of the university archaeological museum
MILITARY EDUCATION AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF COMPLEMENTARY VALUES IN ACHIEVING THE OBJECTIVES
Authors: POPESCU Raducu
Published: July 2021

In Romania, the army as a social force, respects and promotes national values, simultaneously with the defense of national interest. The values and moral principles of thearmy's ethics are largely reflected in the process of education and training of children, these landmarks have always existed and represent models for many generations. The results of the current studies conducted among the school population, compared to the values collected 20 years ago, show us a significant decrease in the level of accumulation of appropriate motric luggage among students. This paper brings to attention the results of a study carried out with 85 subjects, 55 students and masters aged between 19 and 25years old. Communication of leaders at inter-ministerial level, can produce adaptations of the curricular contents of traditional education for the benefit of military education. Through the synergistic action of the leaders, an important contribution can be made to the complex approach of training the future specialists, in the context of the change of Romanian military realities.Keywords: communication, values, adaptation, realism, efficiency.
THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN ROMANIA TODAY
Authors: ȘTEFĂNESCU Anca
Published: July 2021

Romanian education is a great system that carries out a complex but extremely important process for our society. It seems to work but there is a lot to change even wherethings are seemingly going well. A complete analysis brings to our attention a tumultuous picture of the problems faced by education in Romania in an attempt to fully fulfill the social objective it has assumed. Education is changing with the  evolution of technologies, society is changing every day, the global economy needs other skills and the world now needs much more complex things than 20 years ago. The question is, how can education be changed quickly and effectively? In general, the change in education is very difficult, but in order to complete such a process, a real and concrete analysis of what we have now is needed.Keywords: Romania, education, sistem, skills ,economy, educational reforms, Bologna Process, academic mobility, institutional autonomy
CHINESE ENGAGEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA AND EUROPE: INSIGHTS FOR ROMANIA
Authors: ELLIS Robert Evan
Published: July 2021

This paper examines Chinese commercial, political, and security engagement with Latin America and the Caribbean, comparing it with similar engagement in Europe. It findsevidence that PRC engagement globally is driven by a strategy focused on re-orienting the world to the economic benefit of the PRC, with nonetheless important political, institutional,and security engagement in support of these objectives and the consequences of their pursuit. It finds common elements in China’s pursuit of secure sources of supply, markets andtechnology across regions, its use of the PRC government supporting roles, with differences reflecting the governance and political structure of each partner, the economic opportunitiesavailable, and the imperatives of geography. It finds that PRC “soft power” over political and business elites in both regions is significant, based more in the expectation of benefit than analignment of values, and thus can coexist with mistrust of the PRC. It finds that Europe can not only gain insights from examining Chinese engagement in Latin America, but that engagementimpacts Europe directly through the roles of its companies as both competitors and partners of European ones in the region, and through intraregional supply chains and the flows of fundsthrough mergers and acquisitions by China of stakes in European companies.Keywords: PRC, China, Latin America, Belt and Road, BRI, Infrastructure, Security Engagement.
“THE SILENT THREAT” – CHINA’S GEOPOLITICAL “GAME” IN THE BLACK SEA REGION
Authors: Alba Iulia Catrinel
Published: July 2021

Since the 2000s, China has become an increasingly visible presence in Europe. In the last 20 years, China has signed an extended strategic partnership with the European Union,developed the 17 + 1 platform, of strategic cooperation with the Eastern European corridor states, invested heavily in the European economy and diversified its soft-power means of action. In this context, the states of the Black Sea region are implicitly targeted by China's interests and actions. How large is China's presence in the Black Sea region? What are the objectives of China's geopolitical game in the Black Sea region? Do they belong to an independent game?Or are they part of a much more complex strategy, which aims at a major reconfiguration of global spheres of influence?Keywords: Black Sea region, China, 17 + 1 format, Belt and Road Initiative, Ukraine, Georgia,Danube estuary, Chinese "belt" of the Black Sea.
COURTS MARTIAL AND THE CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE OF THE ROMANIAN ARMY IN WORLD WAR ONE
Authors: CORCIU Liviu
Published: July 2021

The century that passed over the memories of the Great War, as it was called in the era, should allow all of us, no matter what side we had chosen at that time, to think on allaspects of the day-by-day life in the frontline. And to admit as well, that not all the soldiers and officers who had taken part in, were heroes. They were normal people, with hearts and feelings, trapped in an abnormal environment, fighting for their side of “King and Country” against all destructive means of the industrial war. So, it was of great importance to maintain a proper discipline among those troops which were sent day after day in slaughter attacks. And for this reason, was used the military justice and the Code of military justice, named differently by country, but having the same role: to support the war effort. One of the supportive elements was the preemptive effect, the deterrence of any potential act of breaking the discipline. Equally counted the way this contribution came into effect.Keywords: military justice; discipline; court martial; world war; war effort.
Instituciones de protección del patrimonio frente al conflicto armado y el papel de la oralidad como memoria cultural
Authors: Solano-Sanguino Ángel Ricardo
Published: July 2021

La protección del patrimonio cultural ha sido motivo de creación de derecho internacional, fomentado por organizaciones internacionales que han defendido a naciones vulneradas y  afectadas directa o indirectamente por la destrucción, saqueo y tráfico de bienes culturales, así como por la prohibición o imposibilidad de transferencia oral de costumbres. Estos son considerados como daños irreparables para la humanidad, dado que, por una parte, el patrimonio cultural permite restablecer la identidad generando la creación de un vínculo con el pasado, el presente y el futuro y por la otra, la oralidad como memoria cultural es una expresión patrimonial compartida y su archivo corresponde a la memoria colectiva. Se  tilizó una metodología de tipo cualitativa, documental y con orientación axiológica, con el fin de explicar las consecuencias del expolio como por ejemplo el nazi, el cual generó además de la pérdida aproximada de 50 millones de vidas, daños al patrimonio cultural material e inmaterial de toda Europa. Se halló que los países en las invasiones son motivados por intereses oscuros como erradicar la presencia histórica, bienes tangibles e intangibles, así como la oralidad y el futuro de la comunidad atacada.
Tres momentos de la oralidad. Una mirada sobre lo escuchado y lo escrito
Authors: Rojas-Álvarez Gloria Mariela
Published: July 2021

Este artículo de corte ensayístico presentacalgunas reflexiones consideradas desde tres momentos y entornos determinantes de la oralidad.  En primer lugar se hace referencia a lo netamente oral. En seguida se menciona un entorno de oralidad secundaria, condicionada por la escritura. En el tercero la oralidad y la escritura se emulsionan con formas propias de la era electrónica, en la que lo audiovisual y lo virtual marcan nuevos rumbos de comprensión e interacción. Esta mirada sobre las variaciones y transformaciones de la oralidad, en esos tres momentos referidos, evidencian que la lectura y la escucha, como procesos de recepción, quedan, generalmente, subsumidos a los procesos de producción: escritura y habla. Por ello, se invita al silencio como camino de la escucha (de sí, los otros y lo otro), que permite que cualquier réplica necesaria y subsiguiente tenga mayor impacto y profundidad.
Queer International Relations, Internationalization & Stellar Education: Characterizing Gayborhoods Latin America
Authors: Muñoz Sánchez Carlos Mario , Ojeda Pérez Robert
Published: July 2021

The LGBTQ+ movement has been advocating for their rights all over Latin America, thus each country had faced and still faces particular characteristics (legal, cultural, political and social) in order to advocate for the movement rights leading to different methodologies and theories, from anthropological narratives, to analyse it. For instance, Globalized Gayborhoods -as a typology- describe the LGBTQ+ rights status all over the world, specifically in capital cities, and therefore including some Latin-American cities. Regarding this typology, and by questioning it, we ask: How gayborhoods can be characterised in Latin America under Queer IR, internationalization, and narratives under the scope of Staller Education? Thus, we propose Gayborhoods Lat (Latin America) as places that characterise the status of the LGBTQ+ rights in the region based on Queer International Relations, internationalization, and some oral narratives from Stellar Education.
Assistência de enfermagem na infecção puerperal: revisão integrativa
Authors: Ferreira Bruna Luana Raulino , Saldanha Josueliton Eufrazio , Cavalcante Keylane de Oliveira , Fernandes Laura Luiza de Freitas Marques , Silva Shirley Lima
Published: July 2021

A infecção puerperal representa de 1% a 10% de óbitos maternos, principalmente em pós-parto cesáreo e após alta hospitalar. A fim de aprofundar conhecimentos científicos sobre o tema, este artigo objetivou descrever a assistência de enfermagem prestada às puérperas que apresentam quadro clínico de infecção puerperal. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), a partir da questão norteadora “Como se dá a assistência de enfermagem às puérperas frente à infecção puerperal? ”. Foram elegíveis cinco estudos no período entre 2015 e 2020, no idioma português. A apresentação da revisão e a discussão dos dados foram realizadas de forma descritiva, a fim de permitir ao leitor a avaliação crítica dos resultados e a sua aplicabilidade. Os resultados apontaram que a assistência de enfermagem no puerpério deve priorizar avaliação clínica rigorosa na unidade hospitalar, na consulta domiciliar bem como em atendimento agendado em unidade básica de saúde, a fim de identificar precocemente sinais de infecção. Ainda sugere o papel relevante do enfermeiro como educador, para promover o autocuidado das puérperas. A assistência de enfermagem ainda prioriza o atendimento aos recém-nascidos, culminando em omissão à puérpera. Apesar disso, é fato que sua prática profissional desempenhada com atenção privilegiada também à esta, é crucial no combate à infecção puerperal, evitando índices de agravos e óbitos maternos.
Analisis Komposisi Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Demersal Dengan Alat Tangkap Trawl Pada Kapal Riset KM. Madidihang 02
Authors: Saputera Deni , Telussa Riena F
Published: July 2021

Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui unit penangkapan ikan trawl pada KM. Madidihang 02 dan menganalisis komposisi hasil tangkapan. Dari hasil penelitian Alat tangkap trawl yang digunakan pada KM Madidihang-02 adalah dengan ukuran panjang tali Ris atas 36 m, tali Ris Bawah 40 m, badan jaring 37 dan bagian kantong jaring 5 m, menggunakan rantai sebagai pemberat dengan berat total 100 Kg dan sebagai pelampung pada bagian Ris atas untuk memperbesar bukaan mulut jaring dengan total pelampung sebanyak 15 menggunakan ukuran pelampung 8 Inch. Perbedaan badan jaring dan kantong jaring hanyalah di ukuran benang baik Mesh Size maupun ukurannya, satuan ukuran mata jaring di nyatakan dengan istilah D (Denier) yang berarti satuan gram (bobot) benang halus dengan panjang 9.000 m. Bagian sayap jaring berukuran d 48, bagian badan jaring menggunakan benang berukuran d 45 dan bagian kantong menggunakan benang berukuran d 42. Komposisi jumlah hasil tangkapan ikan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan proporsi berdasarkan jumlah hasil tangkapan per stasiun dengan ikan tigawaja (Sciaenidae) merupakan hasil tangkapan terbanyak dengan 29 %, dan ikan kuwe (Carangidae) menjadi tangkapan paling sedikit dengan 4 %.
Rekayasa Rematurasi Ikan Synodontis Menggunakan Hormon Oodev Pada Dosis Berbeda Melalui Penyuntikan
Authors: Nurhidayat  , Lestira Dhewantara Yudha , Rahmatia Firsty
Published: July 2021

Ikan synodontis merupakan salah satu ikan hias yang banyak digemari dan diminati oleh para pecinta ikan. Hal ini mengindikasikan kebutuhan benih juga akan meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Namun masalah yang muncul adalah kualitas hasil pemijahannya yang tidak terlalu sama atau stabil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji penyuntikan oodev terhadap kinerja mengkaji penyuntikan oodev terhadap kinerja reproduksi dan maturasi ikan synodontis. Calon induk ikan synodontis diberi perlakuan dengan injeksi hormonal dengan: K1 (tanpa pemberian hormon/kontrol), A1 (Dosis 0,5 mL/kg), A2 (Dosis 1 mL/kg), A3 (Dosis 1,5 mL/kg), dan A4 (2 mL/kg). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rekayasa rematurasi ikan synodontis dapat dilakukan dengan penyuntikkan OODEV (1,5 mL/kg bobot tubuh) sebanyak empat kali secara berkala selama empat minggu.
A first-year, first-semester observership placement to increase nursing students’ satisfaction
Authors: Emmanuel Elizabeth , Chaseling Marilyn , Peddell Lewes
Published: July 2021

This paper reports on a two-day nursing observership in the first semester of an undergraduate baccalaureate-nursing program in an Australian university. Of the 392 novice student nurses who completed the observership, 340 provided a written reflection on their experience. The qualitative data were analysed using constant comparative analysis from which four themes were identified. Student nurses reported that the observership provided them with an insight into the nursing world (66.4%), was a revelation (46.4%), met their expectations (16.4%), and was transformative (7.3%). These themes indicated that an observership at the start of a nursing student’s study can provide a professional socialisation experience, link new knowledge to practice, and ease that transition into nursing study. The implication for practice for nurse educators is to consider innovative approaches such as an observership to overcome challenges that first-year nursing students reportedly experience.
A model for the formation of the Pradol (Pradolino) dry valley in W Slovenia and NE Italy
Authors: DIERCKS Manuel , GRÜTZNER Christoph , VRABEC Marko , USTASZEWSKI Kamil
Published: July 2021

In tectonically active mountain ranges, the landscape is shaped by the interplay of erosion/sedimentation and tectonically driven crustal deformation. Characteristic landforms such as moraines, wind gaps, fault scarps, and river terraces can be used to decipher the landscape evolution. However, the available data often allow for different interpretations. Here we study the Pradol (Pradolino) Valley in Western Slovenia, a deeply incised canyon whose floor rests several hundreds of metres above the surrounding valleys. We use high-resolution digital elevation models, geomorphic indices and field observations to unravel the evolution of this peculiar landform. We present a six-stage evolution model of the canyon that includes the blockage of valleys by advancing glaciers, river diversion, and rapid incision due to a high discharge of post-glacial meltwater. The formation of the Pradol Valley was most likely facilitated by an underlying fault that serves as an easily erodible weakness zone in the Mesozoic limestones. Our model indicates that the formation of the canyon could have occurred during the last glaciation, which results in incision rates of several cm/yr. With the proposed model we can explain all remote and field observations available. Our study shows that a complex interplay of different landscape-shaping processes is needed to explain the occurrence of the Pradol dry valley and that rapid changes in the morphology occurred after the last glacial maximum.
Tectonics and gravitational phenomena (Nanos, Slovenia)
Authors: PLACER Ladislav , MIHEVC Andrej , RIŽNAR Igor
Published: July 2021

The Istra Pushed Area is a specifically deformed territory of the northwestern part of the External Dinarides. It formed due to the movement of the Istra block as part of the Adriatic Microplate (Adria) towards the Dinarides since the middle Miocene. The movement of the Istra block caused hereditary shifts along the old dislocations dating back to the early formation stage of the formation of the Dinarides at the end of the Eocene and their deformation. These deformations are reflected also in certain extreme gravitational phenomena along the boundary between the External Dinaric Imbricated Belt and the External Dinaric Thrust Belt, where Mesozoic carbonates are thrusted upon the Cenozoic flysch. The boundary zone between these two belts connects the Trnovo, Hrušica and Snežnik Thrust Fronts. Four specific gravitational phenomena that occurred in this boundary zone are presented here, as they are remarkable in terms of their size: Črna griža (Trnovo Nappe), Suhi vrh (Hrušica Nappe), Petelinje mlake and Ilirska Bistrica (both from the Snežnik Nappe). The phenomena at Suhi vrh is described in detail herein.
Late Carboniferous biota from the Ljubija iron mine area, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: MILOŠEVIĆ Aleksej , ALEKSEEV Alexander S. , ZAYTSEVA Elena , NOVAK Matevž , KOLAR-JURKOVŠEK Tea , JURKOVŠEK Bogdan
Published: July 2021

The Olistostrome member of the Sana-Una Paleozoic complex of the Ljubija ore mine in Bosnia and Herzegovina contains limestone fragments of pebble to block size that have been examined paleontologically. The recovered conodont fauna of the first sample is characterized by the species Declinognathodus lateralis, Idiognathoides sulcatus sulcatus and Idiognathodus sp. confirming its mid-Bashkirian age. This report is the first on the occurrence of these taxa in the area. The second sample with chaetetid demosponges yields an abundant diversified microbiota consisting of cyanobacteria, algae and foraminifera. Chlorophyts are marked by the common siphonoclad occurrence of Donezella lutugini and D. lunaensis, whereas rhodophyts include rare representatives of Stacheia, Stacheoides, Pseudoungdarella and Masloviporidium. The presence of Asphaltinella horowitzi and Aphralysia carbonaria of unclear taxonomic position is also documented. Pseudostaffellids, eostaffellids and other foraminifera, mostly endothyrids are present. The examined associations of fossils point to the Bashkirian age of the primary rock that originated in a very shallow habitat most probably linked to a high-energy reef environment.
West Balkan Mineral Register of Primary Raw Materials
Authors: ROKAVEC Duška , DRAKSLER Matej , LEVSTEK Dejan , MILETIĆ Snježana
Published: July 2021

Rational and long-term planning and sustainable mineral resources management is of strategic importance in Europe’s efforts to secure the self-supply of mineral raw materials. European mineral data is organized and accessible within the pan-European Minerals Intelligence Network. Most EU countries are part of this network, while the West Balkan region presents a gap in this regard. A common West Balkan mineral register needs to be established in order to close the gap and bring the area closer to the EU market. Including the region into the network would provide new opportunities to local industry and improve mineral management at the national and regional level. In this context, the Geological Survey of Slovenia is working in cooperation with numerous partners and stakeholders in different projects within the framework of European initiatives and programs. We collected and properly organized relevant data on minerals in the region according to the INSPIRE Directive. This paper describes the creation of the West Balkan Mineral Register of primary raw materials, and its content.
Customer Response towards QR Codes Used in Marketing: An African Perspective
Authors: Kokku Randheer
Published: July 2021

Literature indicates QR code use in marketing is growing and needs attention. The objective of his research is to study QR codes use in marketing via accessibility of product information(PI), advertising(Ad), sales promotion(SP), billing and payment(BP) from African viewpoint. Correlation analysis paved way to factor analysis for data reduction. Both EFA and CFA were performed. Cronbach alpha and composite reliability were assessed for data reliability. Fit indices RMSEA, RFI, TLI and NFI were computed to check model fit. Regression slope was used for testing study hypothesis. Results found, customers use “product information, advertisements, sales promotion and billing & payment through QR codes” has significant positive influence on perceived usefulness(PUM). Further, customers use of marketing QR codes proved perceived usefulness having significant positive influence on intention to use (IUM) in future course of time. “Tesco Homeplus” at global level succeeded in QR codes implementation for marketing activities is discussed and referred in the conclusions. Since respondents are positive towards perceived usefulness and intention to use QR codes, and the cost of QR technology and implementation is very less and affordable, the onus relies on marketing decision makers to adopt and promote QR codes in marketing aggressively for benefiting companies, customers and to further elevate African markets on mobile technological front.
The Impact of Health Threats on the Security of Peacekeeping and Stabilization Missions
Authors: Konecka-Szydełko Bożena
Published: July 2021

Soldiers are currently one of the largest professional groups treated as long-term travelers. They are stationed in difficult environmental conditions for many months. The purpose of this article is to present the scale of health threats faced by participants in peacekeeping and stabilization missions / operations. Today's security challenges encompass a huge mass of complexes and evolving threats such as pandemics, international terrorism, organized crime, cyber threats, environmental degradation and natural disasters. The thesis of the article is that in the era of modern threats, health problems of soldiers include transmission diseases, zoonoses, combat and non-combat injuries. The Central and South Asian region has the highest rate of infectious and invasive diseases in the world. Afghanistan and Pakistan are the reporting countries for poliomyelitis. Taking into account the following issues, it is extremely important to monitor the scale of health threats to participants in military operations, to conduct appropriate risk assessments so that control measures reflect the latest scientific knowledge in the field of protection against the risk of infection, disease or injury management. A comprehensive emergency preparedness plan enables military operations to be better prepared for a swift, coordinated and effective response, while tailoring resources to the specific situation.
Narratives in Clinical Practice: The essence of person centered care?
Authors: Appleyard James
Published: July 2021

From earliest times listening to a person’s story has been the essence of the patient-physician consultation. Evidence from the literature suggests that it is the core clinical skills of communication through questioning, delineating, interpreting, explaining and discerning meaning that provide a way of bringing together the very different perspectives of patients and health professionals.These narrative skills facilitate an awareness of both health and disease and take into consideration the biological, social psychological, spiritual and pathophysiological dimensions. In this context the science of objective measurements can be successfully integrated with the art of clinical experience and judgment.
Outcome of Person-centered Care at a Dynamic-Psychiatric Hospital in Germany
Authors: Ammon Maria , Finke Gisela
Published: July 2021

Dynamic psychiatric treatment is a well established therapeutic approach with substantial elements of person-centered care. A study was designed and conducted in order to evaluate the outcome of a person centered dynamic psychiatric inpatient treatment program in Munich, Germany. It was conducted  with 792 patients, for whom mean duration of therapy was 65 days. Assessment tools included the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems ( IIP) (a self-report measure of maladaptive relationship behavior), the Ammon Ego Structure Test (ISTA ), the WHO Quality of Life Instrument-Bref, indices of social network extent and depth, and satisfaction with personal communication and care and with concerted treatment planning. The results at discharge and follow up showed that patients had significantly improved concerning all dynamic personality dimensions, interpersonal problems, quality of life, and satisfaction with personalized care. This study offers a measure of validation of  person-centered dynamic psychiatric care in terms of relevant outcome measures.
The World-wide Matrix of Person Centered Medicine
Authors: Mezzich Juan E , Appleyard James
Published: July 2021

One of the fundamental features of our approach to person centered medicine is its world-wide matrix. This applies to the historical roots of person centered medicine, to its contemporary antecedents, to the scope of the multiple organizations that are collaborating to develop it, to the reasons behind the selection of Geneva as the site of its foundational conferences, to the nature of the non-profit organization that has been established to formalize it, to the aims of its official journal and the geographical sources of the articles it publishes, and to the horizons informing the planning of its congresses and evolving projects. These diverse and complementary international perspectives and domains, and the papers published in this particularly international issue of the Journal, will be highlighted next.
French Roots and Contributions in Person Centered Medicine and the Emergence of a Francophone Observatory
Authors: Kipman Simon-Daniel
Published: July 2021

There have been significant French roots and contributions in the conceptualization and programmatic development of Person Centered Medicine. A basic and general one is the revolutionary French contributions to the concept of human rights. Broad stimulation has been derived from Paul Tournier’s Medicine de la Personne. Another one, within the framework of health, is the founding of the World Psychiatric Association in Paris in 1950, informed by the articulation of science and humanism, terms that have evolved as key concepts of person centered psychiatry and medicine. To be also recognized are the organization of a pioneering Paris Conference on Psychiatry for the Person in 2008 and the evolving engagement of important French professional societies in support of the development of person centered medicine. A process of annual Geneva Conferences on Person Centered Medicine since 2008, has  led to the establishment of an International Network and an International College of Person Centered Medicine (ICPCM).  Building on this rich background have appeared in recent years two monographic Manifests in French, one for psychiatry of the person in 2009 and another for medicine of the person in 2012. These book length statements led more recently to the development of L’Observatoire Francophone de la Médecine de la Personne (OFMP) aimed at linking relevant institutions and individuals in addressing the foundations of medicine through experience, reflection and research. The specific goals, approaches and procedures of the OFMP promise to lead the cultivation of person centered medicine to new heights in the francophone world and potentially to new French contributions to person centered medicine across the world.
Ethics in Person Centered Medicine: Conceptual Place and Ongoing Developments
Authors: Mezzich Juan E , Appleyard James , Botbol Michel , Ghebrehiwet Tesfa , Groves Joanna , Salloum Ihsan , Van Dulmen Sandra
Published: July 2021

Person centered medicine may be defined by its placing the whole person at the center of health and health care. And because of this, ethics seems to be at the core of person centered medicine.  The bases for this assertion are briefly delineated in this statement along with a capsular review of the articles in this issue of the International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. These articles encompass, among others, a set of papers on ethical standards for person centered health research as well as on incorporating ethics in medical education curricula and on tracing certain person centered medicine traditions to philosophical and human rights breakthroughs.
Integrated Outpatient Care in Advanced Heart Failure: the Beehive Person-Centered Model
Authors: Stellato Kira , Humar Franco , Montesi Cristina , Radini Donatella , Antonione Raffaella , Sinagra Gianfranco , Di Lenarda Andrea
Published: July 2021

Rationale: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of chronic care needs. According to the World Health Organization, by 2030 the number of people dying from CVD is expected to reach 23.3 million. Heart failure is a chronic, progressive, incurable condition which poses a substantial physical, psychological, spiritual and social burden on patients, families as well as formal and informal carers. The complex needs of these patients require the planning and implementation of a new, revisited approach to disease management. Methods: In Trieste, Italy, the long-standing integrated outpatient approach to care has been recently integrated by a dedicated Advanced Heart Failure Clinic (AHFC) for the identification of holistic needs and the provision of multidisciplinary, multidimensional supportive and palliative care to patients with advanced HF and their families. Emphasis is being laid not only on the diseased care recipient but on the ‘person’ who attends and is being attended to, who empowers and is being empowered by through an integrated process of care.Results: The integration of outpatient care services is challenging for all the stakeholders involved. A multidisciplinary, multidimensional, person-centered integrated model of care (the beehive person-centered model) might improve heart failure awareness and knowledge and would help structure better territorial outpatient pathways for patients and families, while enhancing formal and informal carers’ individual roles and general wellbeing.Discussion: The need for interconnectedness in the Beehive Person-Centered Model requires for all stakeholders to view each other as symmetrical allies, which may be utopist at best. Flexibility to adapt to individual, organizational and environmental changes may pose challenges to the long-term sustainability of integrated pathways and bring about conforming behaviors rather than proactive ones, which may jeopardize individual accountability. However, an empowered team may provide short and long term benefits to its members such as clarity of vision, greater self-awareness, self-monitoring and adapatability to changes. Conclusions: A Beehive Person-Centered Model of integrated, multidisciplinary and multidimensional evidence and values-based care may prove useful to reconcile clinical, emotional, spiritual and social needs of all stakeholders involved in the cure/care process and ensure sustainable, efficient and effective long-term care.  Further qualitative/quantitative research is needed to confirm its efficacy and effectiveness and cultural transferability.
A neo-pragmatist view of evidence-based medicine (EBM)
Authors: Walsh Brian
Published: July 2021

In contrast to previous papers in which Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) is faulted for not checking its conceptual structure against philosophy, this paper excuses EBM. Philosophy was based on essentialism, objectivity, and the Cartesian divide between the mind inside and the world outside. Knowledge was a representation of reality, inspected for accuracy by the retina, and polished from time to time.  Some post-Kantian philosophers have abandoned this set-up, regarding it as just one image, accompanied by pretensions to a superior understanding of truth, the mind and knowledge. EBM, in this paper, is forgiven for not trying to square off with this traditional image, rather noticing that people are suffering, seeking a method of coping with illness, and asking, “Does it work?”  This paper, drawing on the thought of Richard Rorty, views EBM as having capitalized on the development of such contingencies as statistics and the world wide web, and having provided another description of patients, in terms of “the evidence”, rather than focusing on discovering what patients are “really like”. In its search for knowledge, EBM has changed the definition of “objectivity” to agreement among qualified people. Even so, clinical research, although “useful”, does tend to hark back to ascertaining what really is the case, whatever that means. It is hard to see what EBM can do about this since most patients seek this kind of bio-medical knowledge when consulting a doctor (although some consult alternative health practitioners, who often use a different model).
A Time for Action on Health Inequities: Foundations of the 2014 Geneva Declaration on Person- and People-centered Integrated Health Care for All
Authors: Cloninger C. Robert , Salvador-Carulla Luis , Kirmayer Laurence J. , Schwartz Michael A. , Appleyard James , Goodwin Nick , Groves JoAnna , Hermans Marc H. M. , Mezzich Juan E. , Van Staden C. W. , Rawaf Salman
Published: July 2021

Global inequalities contribute to marked disparities in health and wellness of human populations. Many opportunities now exist to provide health care to all people in a person- and people-centered way that is effective, equitable, and sustainable.  We review these opportunities and the scientific, historical, and philosophical considerations that form the basis for the International College of Person-centered Medicine’s 2014 Geneva Declaration onPerson- and People-centered Integrated Health Care for All.  Using consistent time-series data, we critically examine examples of universal healthcare systems in Chile, Spain, and Cuba. In a person-centered approach to public health, people are recognized to have intrinsic dignity and are treated with respect to encourage their developing health and happiness.  A person-centered approach supports the freedom and the responsibility to develop one’s life in ways that are personally meaningful and that are respectful of others and the environment in which we live together.  Evidence suggests that health care organizations function well when they operate in a person-and people-centered way because that stimulates better coordination, cooperation, and social trust.  Health care coverage must be integrated at several interconnected levels in order to be effective, efficient, and fair.  To reduce the burden of disease, integration is needed between the people seeking and delivering care, within the social network of each person, across the trajectory of each person’s life, among primary caregivers and specialists, and across multiple sectors of society.   For integration to succeed across all these levels, it must foster common values and a shared vision of the future.
Acta of Lima
Authors: And the Latin American Network for Person Centered Medicine Peruvian National Academy of Medicine
Published: July 2021

Within the framework of the Meeting of National Academies of Medicine of Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru on Person Centered Medicine and Health, that took place at the Medical College of Peru in Lima City on December 13, 2014, and with the participation of distinguished representatives of medical and university organizations and the academic community of Peru, agreements were made.
Person-Centered and Integrated Care across the Life-Cycle
Authors: Appleyard James
Published: July 2021

The health and wellbeing of a person are complex adaptive processes related to the consequences of genetic, biological, social, cultural, behavioral, and economic determinants throughout the life course.  Circumstances change as the person develops with accumulative risk and protective factors especially during critical and sensitive periods. A life course perspective offers a more joined up approach with significant implications for long term health gain. There is an emphasis on an integrated continuum of early intervention and education rather than of disconnected and unrelated stages. Each stage in the life of a person exerts influence on the next.Disparities in health outcomes and in the psychosocial factors contributing to them are present early in life and are expressed and compounded during a person's lifetime. Risk factors are embedded in a person's biological makeup, manifested in the disparities in a population's health, and maintained by social, cultural, and economic forces. Research on health disparities has demonstrated the effect of many determinants interacting in various contexts at developmentally sensitive points. We need an integrated conceptual approach to translate this knowledge into effective health and social care
Shared Decision-making in Maternal and Newborn Health in Burkina Faso
Authors: Perkins Janet , Capello Cecilia , Bargo Aminata , Santarelli Carlo
Published: July 2021

Community participation in decision-making within the health sector is an essential component in advancing efforts toward primary health care (PHC). Since 2006, Enfants du Monde, a Swiss non-governmental organization (NGO), in collaboration with the local NGO Fondation pour le Développement Communautaire/Burkina Faso (FDC/BF), has been supporting the Ministry of Health (MoH) to include communities in decision-making related to maternal and newborn health (MNH) services. Notably, participatory community assessments (PCA) are conducted to provide a platform for community members to discuss MNH needs and be involved in the decision-making within the health sector. During the PCAs, participants identify and prioritize needs and propose solutions to improve MNH, solutions which are then integrated in the annual district health action plan. Integrated interventions include: promotion of birth preparedness and complication readiness; training health care providers in counselling skills; building awareness of men on MNH issues and their capacity to support women; and strengthening community bodies to manage obstetrical and neonatal complications. The inclusion of these interventions has contributed to the advancement of PHC in three regions in Burkina Faso.
Inter-Professional Education for Collaborative Practice in Health Care
Authors: Ghebrehiwet Tesfamicael
Published: July 2021

Today’s health care delivery is increasingly complex and the complex needs of patients demand that health professionals communicate and collaborate to deliver the best care. Governments around the world are looking for innovative solutions that will ensure the appropriate supply, mix and distribution of the health workforce. One of the most promising solutions can be found in inter-professional education (IPE) and collaboration. IPE occurs when students from different professions learn together at some point during their training in order to prepare them to work together in health teams. Unfortunately most health professional training institutions provide little or no opportunity for IPE. Effective inter-professional education (IPE) fosters respect among the health professions, eliminates negative stereotypes, and fosters a team approach in health care. At the same time quality of care is improved when health professionals learn together.  These considerations mean that the approach and content of medical, nursing and other curricula must adapt to adequately prepare health professionals to practice within the health team model. This will require the implementation of well-planned educational strategies; so that health professionals learn together in order to work together in coordinated manner to deliver person-centred and team-based health care. The paper highlights key issues in IPE and its benefits in the delivery of quality health care and improved patient safety through collaborative practice.
2015 Geneva Declaration on Person-Centered Primary Health Care
Authors: College of Person Centered Medicine International
Published: July 2021

Person-centered healthcare aims to provide healthcare experiences and services that attain the health-related goals of the individual being served. Person-centeredness is an attitude, philosophy and approach that truly puts the person in the center of the healthcare system. Person-centeredness starts with a relationship with a healthcare professional that becomes the person’s usual source of care. From this relationship grows trust. From trust grows the ability to engage, educate, and empower people in their healthcare. This relationship of trust is based on continuity of care over time and being present for the person’s healthcare needs. This continuous, comprehensive, and caring approach of primary care is the formula in which the person becomes empowered and engaged in their health.
Applicability, Internal Structure, and basic Patterns of a Multicultural Brief Quality of Life Measure in a Sample of Psychiatric Patients with Comorbid Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Salloum Ihsan M. , Mezzich Juan E. , Kirisci Levent
Published: July 2021

Background: The measurement of quality of life as estimate of well being is assuming increasing importance in the evaluation of health and treatment efficacy.  Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability, internal structure and clinical patterns of the Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI), a brief, self-rated, culturally informed, quality of life scale, in patients experiencing comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders.  Methods: Sixty-two consecutively admitted outpatients completed the MQLI. With this data, the applicability, internal consistency, factorial structure, and prediction of treatment adherence over a three-month period were assessed.   Results: It was found that the MQLI was easy to administer. It had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.89).  Factor analysis revealed that the first factor explained 53% of the variance, indicating the unidimensionality of the instrument around quality of life. Two MQLI items, interpersonal functioning and the availability of supports, significantly predicted treatment adherence. Conclusions: The MQLI is easy to use, it has a coherent structure, and is clinically useful in psychiatric patients with comorbid substance use disorders.
Person Centered Medicine, Primary Care, and Public Health
Authors: Appleyard James , Rawaf Salman
Published: July 2021

Person Centered Medicine, Primary Care, and Public Health
Person Centered Primary Heath Care: The Role and Positionof the Family Physician-Generalist and Implications for Research
Authors: Van Weel Chris
Published: July 2021

Aim. This paper analyses how the role and function of family physicians in primary health care relates to person centeredness. Method. Based on the model of the Ecology of Medical Care the interaction of individuals with health care has been deduced and from this were identified main implications for the provision of care. Results. Individuals experience a large variety of health problems over time, of which only a minority is presented to health care professionals, with care in the direct vicinity (community) the most likely place of contact. From this, common health problems and their prognosis, self-care and autonomy, reasons for contact, multi-morbidity and community related social determinants of health define the conditions to provide health care for all health problems in all individuals.Discussion and Conclusions. The variety of health problems presented over time for individual-specific expectations, make the person with the health problem the self-evident focus of care. The person-centered approach serves to relate the patient’s agenda to professional considerations of the nature and prognosis of the health problem identified and the risks and benefits of treatment. From this, the importance can be established of continuity of care, shared decision making, individual prognostication and ascertaining individual risks from community-specific determinants of health. Priorities of research are to come to a better understanding of the mechanisms of continuity of care and the building of professional relations of trust. Other priorities of research are to strengthen the knowledge base of diagnosis, prognostication and interventions of frequent health problems in the community.
Person Centered Communication in Healthcare: A Matter of Reaching Out
Authors: Van Dulmen Sandra
Published: July 2021

Treating patients as persons, by considering, a.o., their individual level of understanding, self-management skills, concerns and care preferences, is only logical, at least from an ethical point of view. Yet, in medical practice, such an approach does not come easy, as many other obligations and formalities have to be taken care of which distract attention from the person behind the patient. As a consequence, many patients continue to experience barriers while communicating with their healthcare provider [1]. For this reason, numerous interventions have been developed and implemented to either increase healthcare professionals’ attitudes and communication skills to really engage with a patient, or to strengthen a patient's communication skills in order to be heard and understood. For patients with malignant lymphoma, for example, a tailored online intervention has been developed to increase their participation [2], and medical students learn to listen by using open questions in soliciting patient problems [3]. The three papers that together form a special section on communication in healthcare in this issue of the IJPCM each describe a different study aimed to enhance a patient's personhood.