bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UHPLC‐QTOF/MS‐based comparative metabolomics in pectoralis major of fast‐ and slow‐growing chickens at market ages
Authors: Zhang Jian , Cao Jing , Geng Ailian , Wang Haihong , Chu Qin , Yan Zhixun , Zhang Xiaoyue , Zhang Yao , Liu Huagui
Published: December 2021

The molecular regulatory mechanism underlying meat quality between different chicken genotypes remains elusive. This study aimed to identify the differences in metabolites and pathways in pectoralis major (breast muscle) between a commercial fast‐growing chicken genotype (Cobb500) and a slow‐growing Chinese native chicken genotype (Beijing‐You chickens, BYC) at market ages respectively based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF/MS). Eighteen metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers between BYC and Cobb500 at market ages. Among them, L‐cysteine exhibited a higher relative intensity in BYC compared with Cobb500 and was enriched into 10 potential flavor‐associated KEGG pathways. In addition, the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway was found to be associated with chicken meat flavor and the accumulation of sn‐glycerol 3‐phosphate and acetylcholine was more predominant in BYC than that in Cobb500, which were catalyzed by glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase (GPCPD1, EC:3.1.4.2), choline O‐acetyltransferase (CHAT, EC:2.3.1.6), and acetylcholinesterase (ACHE, EC:3.1.1.7). Overall, the present study provided some metabolites and pathways for further investigating the roles of the differences in meat flavor quality in breast muscle between Cobb500 and BYC at market ages.
Cover Image, Volume 56, Issue 9
Authors: Zhao Xiangdong , Wang Wei , Xie Guwei , Pan Songqi , Jarzembowski Edmund A. , Zheng Daran
Published: December 2021

The cover image is based on the Research Article Depositional environment of Middle Triassic organic‐rich shales in the Ordos Basin, Northwest China by Wei Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.4215.

image
Dysfunction of cerebellar microglia in Ataxia‐telangiectasia
Authors: Levi Hadar , Bar Ela , Cohen‐Adiv Stav , Sweitat Suzan , Kanner Sivan , Galron Ronit , Mitiagin Yulia , Barzilai Ari
Published: December 2021

Ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the ATM gene and characterized by cerebellar atrophy, progressive ataxia, immunodeficiency, male and female sterility, radiosensitivity, cancer predisposition, growth retardation, insulin‐resistant diabetes, and premature aging. ATM phosphorylates more than 1500 target proteins, which are involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, modulation of chromatin structure, and other cytoplasmic as well as mitochondrial processes. In our quest to better understand the mechanisms by which ATM deficiency causes cerebellar degeneration, we hypothesized that specific vulnerabilities of cerebellar microglia underlie the etiology of A‐T. Our hypothesis is based on the recent finding that dysfunction of glial cells affect a variety of process leading to impaired neuronal functionality (Song et al., 2019). Whereas astrocytes and neurons descend from the neural tube, microglia originate from the hematopoietic system, invade the brain at early embryonic stage, and become the innate immune cells of the central nervous system and important participants in development of synaptic plasticity. Here we demonstrate that microglia derived from Atm−/− mouse cerebellum display accelerated cell migration and are severely impaired in phagocytosis, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and mitochondrial activity, suggestive of apoptotic processes. Interestingly, no microglial impairment was detected in Atm‐deficient cerebral cortex, and Atm deficiency had less impact on astroglia than microglia. Collectively, our findings validate the roles of glial cells in cerebellar attrition in A‐T.
Synergistic anticancer effect of a combination of chidamide and etoposide against NK/T cell lymphoma
Authors: Song Wenting , Chen Zhan , Shi Cunzhen , Gao Yuyang , Feng Xiaoyan , Li Hongwen , Li Zhaoming , Zhang Mingzhi
Published: December 2021

Natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a highly aggressive hematological malignancy. However, there is currently no consensus on therapies for refractory/relapsed patients. In this study, we investigated the synergistic anticancer effect and potential mechanism of combining chidamide, a histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor, and etoposide, a DNA‐damaging agent, in NKTCL. We demonstrated that chidamide or etoposide alone dose‐ and time‐dependently inhibited the cell viability of NKTCL cell lines, YT, NKYS and KHYG‐1. Functional experiments suggested that combined chidamide and etoposide treatment exerted synergistic antiproliferation effect and enhanced cell apoptotic death in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the expression of DNA damage related proteins was detected and we also examined the alternations in histone acetylation, cell cycle progression, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The results suggested that increased histone acetylation, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and loss of MMP, converging to greater DNA damage, might account for the synergism of the combination of chidamide and etoposide in NKTCL. Taken together, our study provides an evident for possible application on combining HDACs inhibitors and DNA‐damaging agents for the treatment of NKTCL.
Hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of gastrointestinal cancers among Chinese population: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Tong , Song Chunhua , Zhang Youcheng , Siyin Sarah Tan , Zhang Qi , Song Mengmeng , Cao Liying , Shi Hanping
Published: December 2021

Our study aims to explore the relationship between chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers including liver, gastric, gallbladder or extrahepatic bile duct, pancreatic, small intestine, esophageal and colorectal cancer in the Kailuan Cohort study. We prospectively examined the relationship between HBV infection and new‐onset GI cancers among 93 402 participants. Cox proportional hazards regression models, subgroup analyses and competing risk analyses were used to evaluate the association between HBV infection and the risk of new‐onset GI cancers. During a median follow‐up of 13.02 years, 1791 incident GI cancer cases were diagnosed. Compared to HBsAg seronegative participants, a significant positive association between HBV infection and GI cancers was observed in the multivariate‐adjusted models (HR 5.59, 95% CI: 4.84‐6.45). In the site‐specific analyses, participants with HBsAg seropositive exhibited an increased risk of liver cancer (HR = 21.56, 95% CI: 17.32‐26.85), gallbladder or extrahepatic bile duct cancer (HR = 14.89, 95% CI: 10.36‐21.41), colorectal cancer (HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.15‐2.96) and pancreatic cancer (HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.10‐3.99). After taking death as the competing risk event, the associations of HBV infection with the risk of these cancers were attenuated but remained significant both in the cause‐specific hazards models, the subdistribution proportional hazards models and sensitivity analyses. Our study suggests that HBV infection is associated with the elevated risk of liver cancer and extrahepatic cancer including gallbladder or extrahepatic bile duct, pancreatic and colorectal cancer among adults in Northern China.
Double renal cell carcinoma with histological type of clear cell carcinoma and papillary carcinoma in the same kidney concurrently treated with robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy
Authors: Shimizu Teruki , Hongo Fumiya , Takahashi Hikaru , Fujihara Atsuko , Ukimura Osamu
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The presence of two different histologic types of renal cell carcinoma in the same kidney is rare in clinical practice. This report describes a patient with ipsilateral renal cell carcinomas, consisting of a clear cell renal cell carcinoma and a papillary type 1 renal cell carcinoma, who was successfully treated by robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy.

Case presentation

A 70‐year man was referred to our hospital for the treatment of two right mid‐pole renal tumors, measuring 51 mm and 31 mm in diameter. The two tumors, which differed in contrast enhancement on computed tomography, were removed simultaneously by robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed that one tumor was a clear cell renal cell carcinoma, pT1a, and the other was a papillary type1 renal cell carcinoma, pT1b.

Conclusion

This report describes a rare patient presenting with two ipsilateral renal cell carcinomas differing in histology. Robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy was the safe and effective nephron‐sparing surgery, even in patients with complex double renal tumors.
Case of inverted papillary urothelial carcinoma in the ureter
Authors: Nirei Takuma , Nakaigawa Noboru , Matsumura Mai , Kataoka Toshiaki , Nagasaka Takahiro , Aomori Kota , Ito Yusuke , Muraoka Kentaro , Yao Masahiro
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Urothelial neoplasms with a varus growth pattern are rare, and few urologists have encountered inverted urothelial carcinoma of the ureter.

Case presentation

An 82‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital for investigation of gross hematuria. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed nodules measuring 1–2 mm in diameter in the left upper ureter with slight reduction in signal intensity on diffusion‐weighted imaging. Ureteroscopy showed a pedunculated smooth tumor that had the appearance of an inverted papilloma rather than the papillary shape typical of urothelial carcinoma. The tumor was biopsied and histopathological examination revealed a noninvasive, low‐grade urothelial carcinoma with inverted multiple layers. Laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy was subsequently performed, and a pedunculated tumor measuring 20 mm in diameter was found in the left upper ureter. The histopathological diagnosis was inverted papillary urothelial carcinoma, low‐grade, pTa, pN0.

Conclusion

This report provides the first clinical description of inverted papillary urothelial carcinoma of the ureter.
Advance of signal transduction pathways in normal cell
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhu Yu‐Hang , Liu De‐Xing , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong
Published: December 2021

Signal transduction pathways are very important for the survival of organisms. Any disturbance of these pathways could induce diseases. For better understanding these diseases to get more benefits for patients, it is necessary to fully understand the signal transduction pathway in a normal cell. Therefore, we summarized these related pieces of literature and introduced the main two kinds of signal transduction pathways.
Application value of molecular imaging technology in epilepsy
Authors: Yan Rong , Zhang Hai‐Qing , Wang Jing , Zheng Yong‐Su , Luo Zhong , Zhang Xia , Xu Zu‐Cai
Published: December 2021

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease with various seizure types, complicated etiologies, and unclear mechanisms. Its diagnosis mainly relies on clinical history, but an electroencephalogram is also a crucial auxiliary examination. Recently, brain imaging technology has gained increasing attention in the diagnosis of epilepsy, and conventional magnetic resonance imaging can detect epileptic foci in some patients with epilepsy. However, the results of brain magnetic resonance imaging are normal in some patients. New molecular imaging has gradually developed in recent years and has been applied in the diagnosis of epilepsy, leading to enhanced lesion detection rates. However, the application of these technologies in epilepsy patients with negative brain magnetic resonance must be clarified. Thus, we reviewed the relevant literature and summarized the information to improve the understanding of the molecular imaging application value of epilepsy.
Disciplinary Literacy in Action: High School Students Doing Research for Change
Authors: Watts‐Taffe Susan , Vaughn Lisa M. , Jacquez Farrah
Published: December 2021

This article describes how disciplinary literacy practices were enacted among youth within the context of Youth Built Change, a science based program incorporating principles of Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR). Highlighting two YPAR projects, one conducted in a predominantly Black and Latino/a suburban school and one conducted in a predominantly White rural school, specific examples of the disciplinary literacy practices of Believing, Knowing, Doing, and Communicating are illustrated.
Front cover
Authors: Piavchenko Gennadii , Kozlov Igor , Dremin Viktor , Stavtsev Dmitry , Seryogina Evgeniya , Kandurova Ksenia , Shupletsov Valery , Lapin Konstantin , Alekseyev Alexander , Kuznetsov Sergey , Bykov Alexander , Dunaev Andrey , Meglinski Igor
Published: December 2021

Despite the fact that both acute cardiac cessation and respiratory arrest are the reasons of brain ischemia, its hemodynamics, oxygenation and structural pathology differs. This article represents blood re‐distribution and neuronal tissue degeneration during the first decade of minutes after the breathing and heart beating violation. The results show that cardiac cessation is much more life‐threatening statement that provokes blood circulation abnormalities and causes strong signs of cerebral ischemia in compare with the respiratory arrest.

Further details can be found in the article by G. Piavchenko, I. Kozlov, V. Dremin, D. Stavtsev, E. Seryogina, K. Kandurova, V. Shupletsov, K. Lapin, A. Alekseyev, S. Kuznetsov, A. Bykov, A. Dunaev, and I. Meglinski (e202100216).

image
Inside Front cover
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Yan , Qiu Song , Chen Jiangang , Sun Li , Li Qingli
Published: December 2021

Pulmonary cancer is one of the most malignancies worldwide. We introduce a novel three‐dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3D‐PulCNN) to classify three pulmonary subtypes based on the microscopic hyperspectral image because it can supply spatial information as well as spectral information. Combining the difference of spectral curves and texture feature between the three subtypes, we can classify LUAD, LUSC and SCLC more accurately in cytodiagnosis.

Further details can be found in the article by Qing Zhang | Yan Wang | Song Qiu | Jiangang Chen | Li Sun and Qingli Li (e202100142).

image
Outcome of major hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients; does surgical approach matter? A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Benedetti Cacciaguerra Andrea , Görgec Burak , Lanari Jacopo , Cipriani Federica , Russolillo Nadia , Mocchegiani Federico , Zimmitti Giuseppe , Alseidi Adnan , Ruzzenente Andrea , Edwin Bjorn , D’Hondt Mathieu , Besselink Marc G. , Giuliante Felice , Fuks David , Rotellar Fernando , López‐Ben Santiago , Ferrero Alessandro , Aldrighetti Luca , Cillo Umberto , Vivarelli Marco , Abu Hilal Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Objective

Major hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients still represents a great challenge for liver surgeons. Hence, the aim in the present study is to investigate the clinical impact of major hepatectomy and to assess whether the surgical approach influences the outcome of cirrhotic patients.

Methods

Multicenter retrospective study including cirrhotic patients undergoing major laparoscopic (mjLLR) and open liver resection (mjOLR) in 14 Western liver centers was performed (2009–2020). Clinical, demographic, and perioperative data were compared using propensity score matching (PSM). Long‐term outcome after resection for hepatocellular carcinoma was analyzed.

Results

Overall, 352 patients were included; 108 after mjLLR and 244 after mjOLR. After PSM, 88 patients were matched in each group. In the mjLLR group, compared to mjOLR, less blood loss (P = .042), lower overall and severe complication (P < .001, .020), such as surgical site infection, acute kidney injury and liver failure were observed, parallel to a shorter length of hospital stay. Stratifying patients based on the type of resection, less severe complications was observed only after laparoscopic left hepatectomy (P = .044), while the advantages of laparoscopy tend to decrease during right hepatectomy. Subgroup analysis of long‐term survivals following liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma showed no difference between mjLLR and mjOLR.

Conclusions

This multicenter experience suggests potential short‐term benefits of mjLLR in cirrhotic patients compared to mjOLR, without compromising long‐term outcome. These findings might have interesting clinical implications for the management of patients with chronic liver disease.
A postresection perfusion deficit in the right colon is an independent predictor of perioperative outcome after major hepatectomy
Authors: Birgin Emrullah , Yang Cui , Brunner Anna , Hetjens Svetlana , Rahbari Mohammad , Bork Ulrich , Reissfelder Christoph , Weitz Jürgen , Rahbari Nuh N.
Published: December 2021

Background

There is a strong interaction between hepatic hemodynamics and perfusion in the splanchnic system. However, little is known about differences in perfusion in different splanchnic compartments and their changes after hepatectomy.

Methods

Perfusion in various splanchnic compartments (ie, stomach, small intestine, right and left colon, liver) was assessed pre‐ and post‐hepatectomy by intraoperative laser Doppler flowmetry. Differences of splanchnic perfusion between compartments were evaluated by ANOVA, and risk factors of postoperative complications (graded by the comprehensive complication index [CCI]) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. A prediction model of postoperative complications was developed.

Results

A total of 50 and 29 patients with major and minor hepatectomy were enrolled. Splanchnic perfusion at baseline varied significantly across different splanchnic compartments with highest values in the small bowel and right colon (P < .001). Major hepatectomy induced a significant perfusion decrease in the stomach (P = .006), right colon (P < .001) and small bowel (P = .035). A postresection perfusion deficit in the right colon with values below 254 perfusion units (PU) was identified as an independent predictor of clinically relevant complications after major hepatectomy (concordance index: 0.79, 95% CI 0.66‐0.87, P = .002). Bootstrap validation confirmed internal validity and excellent calibration.

Conclusions

Major hepatectomy causes significant reduction of splanchnic perfusion. An intraoperative posthepatectomy microcirculatory perfusion deficit of the right colon is a strong and independent predictor of clinically relevant postoperative complications after major hepatectomy.
Amide Proton Transfer MRI Could Be Used to Evaluate the Pathophysiological Status of White Matter Hyperintensities
Authors: Guo Zixuan , Meng Zhuoni , Mu Ronghua , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhuang Zeyu , Zheng Wei , Liu Fuzhen , Zhu Xiqi
Published: December 2021

Background

The pathophysiology of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) remains unclear, investigations of amide proton transfer (APT) signals in WMH disease may provide relevant pathophysiological information.

Purpose

To evaluate the APT signals differences and heterogeneity of WMH and adjacent normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) at different Fazekas grades and different locations.

Study type

Prospective.

Population

In all, 180 WMH patients (age, 40–76; male/female, 77/103) and 59 healthy controls (age, 42–70; male/female, 23/36).

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3 T; 3D fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), 3D APT‐weighted (APTw).

Assessment

The mean APTw values (APTwmean) and the APTw signals heterogeneity (APTwmax‐min) among different grades WMH and NAWM and the APTwmean of the same grade deep WMH (DWMH) and paraventricular WMH (PWMH) were calculated and compared. Regions of interests were delineated on WMH lesions, NAWM and healthy white matter.

Statistical Tests

One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA); independent sample t test; Chi‐square test. Significance level: P < 0.05.

Results

APTwmean among different grade WMH (from grade 0 to 3, 0.58 ± 0.14% vs. 0.29 ± 0.23% vs. 0.37 ± 0.24% vs. 0.61 ± 0.22%, respectively) were significantly different except between grade 1 and 2 (P = 0.27) and between grade 0 and 3 (P = 0.97). The differences in APTwmean between WMH and NAWM were significant (WMH vs. NAWM from grade 1 to 3, 0.29% ± 0.23% vs. 0.55% ± 0.27%; 0.37% ± 0.24% vs. 0.59% ± 0.22%; 0.61% ± 0.22% vs. 0.42% ± 0.24%, respectively). Lower APTwmean values were found only in grade 3 NAWM than other grades NAWM and controls. The APTwmax–min values of grade 1–3 WMH (0.38% ± 0.27% vs. 0.51% ± 0.31% vs. 0.67% ± 0.34%, respectively) were significantly different. Higher APTmean values were found only in grade 2 PWMH (0.47% ± 0.22% vs. 0.32% ± 0.24%).

Data Conclusion

Significant differences of APT signals were found in WMH of different Fazekas grades and different locations.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an immunocompetent patient: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Sriwastava Shitiz , Khan Erum , Khalid Syed H. , Kaur Arshdeep , Feizi Parissa
Published: December 2021

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease of the brain, caused by the John Cunningham virus (JCV) is usually seen in patients who are immunocompromised. Here, we describe a case of an immunocompetent patient diagnosed with PML and a comprehensive literature review. A 64‐year‐old Caucasian male presented with acute worsening of progressive neurological decline with difficulty in vision and reading. Based on history, examination, cerebrospinal fluid markers, histopathology, and magnetic resonance imaging brain at the time of presentation diagnosed the patient with PML in a setting of no immunosuppression disorder. The patient was started on Pelfilgrastim with significant systematic improvement. In our literature review, it was seen that the average age of symptom presentation was 57.5 with predominance in males. Most of the patients presented with progressive neurological deficits with symptomology ranging from mild confusion, aphasia, anxiety to sensory disturbances with numbness, hemiparesis, and hemianopsia. Out of the 21 cases, patients responded to mirtazapine and intravenous pulse methylprednisolone (IVMP). The mortality rate was close to 50% with 11 fatal cases and 10 nonfatal cases. Our case and literature review demonstrate the possibility that PML may very rarely occur in patients that are immunocompetent. Furthermore, our review showed that patients responded well to mirtazapine and IVMP. We also want to highlight that the mortality rate was lower in this review and was only compared to mortality in PML associated with immunocompromised status.
Lapses in breast cancer screening for highly penetrant mutation carriers during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Chichura Anna , Hunt Jonathan , Lang Julie , Pederson Holly
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives

Screening for breast cancer in highly penetrant mutation carriers during pregnancy and lactation is challenging and consensus guidelines are lacking. This study evaluates the lapse in screening and the interval pregnancy‐associated breast cancer rate.

Methods

A single‐institution retrospective cohort study of pregnant and lactating patients with known pathogenic germline mutations was performed. Lapse in screening was defined as the interval between the last screening imaging exam obtained before last menstrual period and the subsequent screening imaging.

Results

Out of 685 patients, 42 had 1–3 evaluable pregnancies (54 total – 28 managed in High Risk Breast Clinic and 26 by OB/GYN). Mutations were observed in patients in BRCA1 (49%), BRCA2 (36%), CDH1 (5%), CHEK2 (2%), ATM (2%), NF1 (3%), and MSH2 (3%). The average screening lapse was 25 [19, 30] months for patients followed in the High Risk Clinic versus 32.5 [21, 65.75] months for patients followed with Routine Care (p = 0.035). We identified three cases of pregnancy‐associated breast cancer (interval cancer rate 6%).

Conclusions

Patients with highly penetrant mutations are at risk for the development of interval pregnancy‐associated breast cancer. Development of consistent screening guidelines and adherence to those guidelines is needed for this patient population.
Tumor metastasis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Yang Jing , Xu Bushu , Zhang Xing
Published: December 2021

Cancer metastasis is responsible for the vast majority of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. In contrast to numerous discoveries that reveal the detailed mechanisms leading to the formation of the primary tumor, the biological underpinnings of the metastatic disease remain poorly understood. Cancer metastasis is a complex process in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor, settle, and grow at other parts of the body. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance of tumor cells are the main forces to promote metastasis, and multiple components in the tumor microenvironment and their complicated crosstalk with cancer cells are closely involved in distant metastasis. In addition to the three cornerstones of tumor treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, novel treatment approaches including targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been established in patients with metastatic cancer. Although the cancer survival rate has been greatly improved over the years, it is still far from satisfactory. In this review, we provided an overview of the metastasis process, summarized the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the dissemination and distant metastasis of cancer cells, and reviewed the important advances in interventions for cancer metastasis.
Incorporating artificial intelligence in urology: Supervised machine learning algorithms demonstrate comparative advantage over nomograms in predicting biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy
Authors: Tan Yu Guang , Fang Andrew H. S. , Lim Jay K. S. , Khalid Farhan , Chen Kenneth , Ho Henry S. S. , Yuen John S. P. , Huang Hong Hong , Tay Kae Jack
Published: December 2021

Objective

After radical prostatectomy (RP), one‐third of patients will experience biochemical recurrence (BCR), which is associated with subsequent metastasis and cancer‐specific mortality. We employed machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict BCR after RP, and compare them with traditional regression models and nomograms.

Methods

Utilizing a prospective Uro‐oncology registry, 18 clinicopathological parameters of 1130 consecutive patients who underwent RP (2009–2018) were recorded, yielding over 20,000 data points for analysis. The data set was split into a 70:30 ratio for training and validation. Three ML models: Naïve Bayes (NB), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) were studied, and compared with traditional regression models and nomograms (Kattan, CAPSURE, John Hopkins [JHH]) to predict BCR at 1, 3, and 5 years.

Results

Over a median follow‐up of 70.0 months, 176 (15.6%) developed BCR, at a median time of 16.0 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 11.0–26.0). Multivariate analyses demonstrated strongest association of BCR with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) (p: 0.015), positive surgical margins (p < 0.001), extraprostatic extension (p: 0.002), seminal vesicle invasion (p: 0.004), and grade group (p < 0.001). The 3 ML models demonstrated good prediction of BCR at 1, 3, and 5 years, with the area under curves (AUC) of NB at 0.894, 0.876, and 0.894, RF at 0.846, 0.875, and 0.888, and SVM at 0.835, 0.850, and 0.855, respectively. All models demonstrated (1) robust accuracy (>0.82), (2) good calibration with minimal overfitting, (3) longitudinal consistency across the three time points, and (4) inter‐model validity. The ML models were comparable to traditional regression analyses (AUC: 0.797, 0.848, and 0.862) and outperformed the three nomograms: Kattan (AUC: 0.815, 0.798, and 0.799), JHH (AUC: 0.820, 0.757, and 0.750) and CAPSURE nomograms (AUC: 0.706, 0.720, and 0.749) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Supervised ML algorithms can deliver accurate performances and outperform nomograms in predicting BCR after RP. This may facilitate tailored care provisions by identifying high‐risk patients who will benefit from multimodal therapy.
Advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) are lower in prostate tumor tissue and inversely related to proportion of West African ancestry
Authors: Zenner Morgan L. , Helou Yves B. , Deaton Ryan J. , Sverdlov Maria , Wang Heng , Kajdacsy‐Balla Andre , Macias Virgilia , Voisine Cindy , Murray Marcus , Abdulkadir Sarki A. , Murphy Adam B. , Nonn Larisa
Published: December 2021

Background

The metabolism of normal prostate relies on glycolysis, with prostate cancer having reduced glycolysis and increased aerobic metabolism. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in tissues as a result of age and glycolytic rate. Differential AGE levels were recently observed in prostate cancer tissues. Herein we sought to quantify AGEs in benign and cancer prostate tissue in a diverse cohort of patients.

Methods

Levels of the AGE Nε‐(carboxylethyl)lysine (CML) were quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a tissue microarray which consisted of 3 cores from tumor and 2 cores from benign areas from 118 patients (87 African American and 31 European American). Ancestry informative markers for African Ancestry were available for 79 patients. Epithelial and stromal areas were quantified separately using an E‐cadherin mask. CML levels were compared with clinical grade group and ancestry by mixed linear effect models. Age, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels, body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin A1C were included as covariates.

Results

CML levels were lower in areas of the tumor, for both epithelium and surrounding stroma, compared with benign, but did not significantly change with tumor grade group. Age, PSA levels, BMI, and hemoglobin A1C did not associate with CML levels. CML levels were inversely associated with the percentage of African Ancestry in all tissues.

Conclusions

The low CML levels in cancer may reflect the reduced glycolytic state of the tissue. The inverse relationship between African Ancestry and CML levels in both benign and cancer areas suggests a state of reduced glycolysis. It is yet to be determined whether altered glycolysis and CML levels are bystanders or drivers of carcinogenesis.
Fungicide resistance characterized across seven modes of action in Botrytis cinerea isolated from Australian vineyards
Authors: Harper Lincoln A , Paton Scott , Hall Barbara , McKay Suzanne , Oliver Richard P , Lopez‐Ruiz Francisco J
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Botrytis bunch rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is an economically important disease of grapes in Australia and across grape‐growing regions worldwide. Control of this disease relies on canopy management and the application of fungicides. Fungicide application can lead to the selection of resistant B. cinerea populations, which has an adverse effect on the management of the disease. Characterizing the distribution and severity of resistant B. cinerea populations is needed to inform resistance management strategies.

RESULTS

In this study, 724 isolates were sampled from 76 Australian vineyards during 2013‐2016 and were screened against seven fungicides with different modes of action (MOAs). The resistance frequencies for azoxystrobin, boscalid, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, iprodione, pyrimethanil and tebuconazole were 5%, 2.8%, 2.1%, 6.2%, 11.6%, 7.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Nearly half of the resistant isolates (43.8%) were resistant to more than one of the fungicides tested. The frequency of vineyards with at least one isolate simultaneously resistant to one, two, three, four or five fungicides was 19.7%, 7.9%, 6.6%, 10.5% and 2.6%. Resistance was associated with previously published genotypes in CytB (G143A), SdhB (H272R/Y), Erg27 (F412S), Mrr1 (D354Y), Bos1 (I365S, N373S + Q369P, I365S + D757N) and Pos5 (V273I, P319A, L412F/V). Novel genotypes were also described in Mrr1 (S611N, D616G), Pos5 (V273L) and Cyp51 (P347S). Expression analysis was used to characterize fludioxonil‐resistant isolates exhibiting overexpression (6.3‐9.6‐fold) of the ABC transporter gene AtrB (MDR1 phenotype).

CONCLUSION

Resistance frequencies were lower when compared to most previously published surveys of B. cinerea resistance in grape and other crops. Nevertheless, continued monitoring of critical MOAs used in Australian vineyards is recommended. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Adsorption and Migration of a Single Lithium on Tetra‐Penta‐Hepta‐Graphene Nanoribbon: a Density Functional Theory Approach
Authors: Palanivel Umadevi , Kim Hyun-Kyu , Kim Yeong-Cheol
Published: December 2021

Density functional theory calculations are performed to study the adsorption and migration behavior of a lithium (Li) atom on tetra‐penta‐hepta (TPH)‐graphene nanoribbon (GNR). The unit cell of the TPH‐GNR consists of three different polygons: tetragon, pentagon, and heptagon. The non‐hexagonal polygon sites strengthen the Li adsorption, and the tetragon site shows the strongest adsorption. The Li atom can migrate on the nanoribbon with a low energy barrier of 0.40 eV through pentagon and heptagon, but a high energy barrier of 0.89 eV through tetragon.
Antibiotic‐associated mania
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: December 2021

Psychiatric side effects, including mania, associated with the use of antibiotics have been reported in the research literature. Among the antibiotics, the macrolide clarithromycin, two fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin), and the beta‐lactam penicillins have all been implicated. While the neuropharmacological mechanisms of such side effects are not clear, the primary hypothesis is that these antibiotics antagonize post‐synaptic gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, resulting in increased neuronal excitability.
Ru‐Incorporated Nickel Diselenide Nanosheet Arrays with Accelerated Adsorption Kinetics toward Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Qin Rui , Wang Pengyan , Li Zilan , Zhu Jiexin , Cao Fei , Xu Hanwen , Ma Qianli , Zhang Jinyong , Yu Jun , Mu Shichun
Published: December 2021

Developing high‐efficiency electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting is an increasingly important area for sustainable energy evolution. Theoretical calculation results demonstrate that the incorporation of Ru optimizes the Gibbs free energy of adsorption of H2O molecules and intermediates for the hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) on metal selenide sites, thus boosting electrocatalytic overall water splitting. Accordingly, ruthenium modified nickel diselenide nanosheet arrays are designed and construct on nickel foam (Ru–NiSe2/NF). The obtained Ru–NiSe2/NF electrode with a stable 3D structure shows greatly improved OER and HER activity in alkaline solution. Particularly, toward OER, it only requires 210 mV to obtain a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and the formation of the intermediate nickel oxyhydroxide as active center during the OER process is captured by in situ Raman. Moreover, the overall water splitting can be driven by a voltage of merely 1.537 V to obtain 10 mA cm−2. This work provides an available strategy for selenides to enhance electrochemical properties and inspires more studies to explore highly efficient electrocatalysts toward full water splitting.
Hydroprinting Technology to Transfer Ultrathin, Transparent, and Double‐Sided Conductive Nanomembranes for Multiscale 3D Conformal Electronics
Authors: Yoo Dongwoo , Kim Seonghyeon , Cho Woosung , Park Jaechan , Kim Joonwon
Published: December 2021

Transparent multiscale 3D conformal electronics using hydroprinting with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a sacrificial layer to transfer networks of silver nanowires (AgNWs) without a carrier layer is developed. However, AgNWs are known to disperse on water surfaces during the transfer process. Therefore, a functional film is developed by simultaneously welding and embedding AgNWs in the PVA through a simple one‐step thermal pressing, demonstrating that ultrathin, transparent, and double‐sided conductive/patterned nanomembranes with welded AgNWs can float on water without dispersion. The nanomembrane with an excellent figure of merit of 1200, a low sheet resistance of 16.2 Ω sq−1, and a high transmittance of 98.17% achieves conformal contact with excellent step surface coverage of complex macro‐ and microstructures because of its nanoscale thickness (54.39 nm) and numerous deformable micro‐ and nanopores. Furthermore, the double‐sided conductive nanomembranes facilitate wiring and layer‐by‐layer assembly, regardless of the transfer direction of the surface. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a nanomembrane‐based aneurysm sensor is developed. Its high transparency enables coil embolization, and the sensor can measure the pushing force of the coil within an aneurysm in an endovascular simulator. Moreover, this newly developed hydroprinting technology provides a new method for the fabrication of transparent multiscale 3D conformal electronics.
A review of modelling techniques for floating offshore wind turbines
Authors: Otter Aldert , Murphy Jimmy , Pakrashi Vikram , Robertson Amy , Desmond Cian
Published: December 2021

Modelling floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) is challenging due to the strong coupling between the aerodynamics of the turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform. Physical testing at scale is faced with the additional challenge of the scaling mismatch between Froude number and Reynolds number due to working in the two fluid domains, air and water. In the drive for cost‐reduction of floating wind energy, designers may be seeking to move towards high‐fidelity numerical modelling as a substitute for physical testing. However, the numerical engineering tools typically used for FOWT modelling are considered as mid‐fidelity to low‐fidelity tools, and currently lack the level of accuracy required to do so. Furthermore, there is a lack of operational FOWT data available for further development and validation. High‐fidelity tools, such as CFD, have greater accuracy but are cumbersome tools and still require validation. Physical scale model testing therefore continues to play an essential role in the development of FOWTs both as a source of validation data for numerical models and as an important development step along the path to commercialization of all platform concepts. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of both numerical modelling and physical FOWT scale model testing approaches and to provide guidance on the selection of the most appropriate approach (or combination of approaches). The current state‐of‐the‐art will be discussed along with current research trends and areas for further investigation.
On the plate equation with nonstationary stochastic process coefficients
Authors: Lu Xiaojun
Published: December 2021

In mechanics, while investigating the vibration of plates, we are frequently confronted with random perturbations from both internal and external environments, such as inhomogeneous materials, unstable temperature fluctuation, etc. In this respect, the plate equation with stochastic coefficients is used for modeling the randomness from various perturbations. Current paper is concerned with the regularity behavior of the solution of the stochastic plate equation, in particular, the joint influence from the degenerating and oscillating coefficients on the principal operator is of prime consideration. We apply the sophisticated techniques from microlocal analysis and stochastic analysis to explore the upper bound of loss of regularity. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the optimality of the estimates, appropriate counter‐examples with periodic coefficients are constructed to show the lower bound of loss of regularity by the application of harmonic analysis and instability arguments.
Knowledge Society, Educational Attainment, and the Unequal City: A Sociospatial Perspective
Authors: Gerhard Ulrike , Hoelscher Michael , Marquardt Editha
Published: December 2021

Education plays a key role in knowledge society, since, from a meritocratic perspective, it opens up fair opportunities for well-paid jobs, thereby increasing social mobility and well-being more generally. In order to foster their economic competitiveness, cities are therefore encouraged to engage in knowledge-based urban development by trying to provide good schools and world-class universities to attract the “creative class.” However, meritocracy is a “myth,” as access to educational opportunities is itself socially biased. With the example of Heidelberg, a so-called “knowledge pearl,” we show how knowledge-institutions, such as the university, may shape socioenvironmental contexts in ways conducive to spatially selective access to—and use of—educational opportunities. Instead of reducing social polarization, knowledge-institutions may instead (re-)produce inequalities.
Bringing the Full Picture into Focus: A Consideration of the Internal and External Validity of Charter School Effects
Authors: Lauen Douglas Lee , Abbott Kyle
Published: December 2021

The authors of this chapter describe an institutional arrangement for education in the United States: the provision of education through “charter schools,” an experiment in liberalization and decentralization begun in the early 1990s. They address whether charter schools raise student achievement on average compared to students in traditional public schools. They report that the authors of small-scale randomized studies report quite positive effects, but that as the sample of schools increases, the reported effects decline in size and significance, from which they conclude that while charter schools do not generally harm student achievement, they do not have significantly positive effects for the average student. They do, however, more positively affect poor and minority students and students in some urban centers. This underlines the importance of examining school effects across different geographies and social groups and the key role external validity plays in drawing policy implications from educational research.
Introduction: Digitalization as a Driver of the Contemporary Economy
Authors: Marszałek Paweł , Ratajczak-Mrozek Milena
Published: December 2021

Milena Ratajczak-Mrozek and Paweł Marszałek discuss how digitalization and digital technologies are impacting markets, firms and financial institutions. They stress the need for adopting the interdisciplinary (taking into account not only economic, but also legal and social dimensions) approach in research on digitalization, as such approach provides a comprehensive view of the process, its manifestations, features and impact. The authors also identify six channels through which digitalization has had an impact on the economy. They argue that digitalization may be considered in the context of both challenges and opportunities set by digital technologies for business models and business operations and markets, as well as the main driver of growth and competitiveness for markets and firms/businesses. In this context, the authors introduce 10 chapters of the book and present the links between different level of analysis—micro, mezzo and macro.
Autonomous Control of Logistic Processes: A Retrospective
Authors: Schukraft Susanne , Teucke Michael , Freitag Michael , Scholz-Reiter Bernd
Published: December 2021

Manufacturing and logistic service companies are increasingly confronted with high dynamics and complexity. Due to its particular suitability for short-term and situation-dependent decision-making, autonomous control can improve planning and control of production and related transportation processes. This chapter gives an overview of the research that the BIBA—Bremer Institut für Produktion und Logistik GmbH has performed over the past years in the field of autonomously controlled production and transportation networks. The chapter focuses on the modeling approaches and the autonomous control methods that have been developed. These methods have been evaluated using both theoretical and real-world scenarios. The results show the applicability and suitability of autonomous control in complex and dynamic production and transportation environments. In addition, influences on the methods’ performance and the integration of autonomous control into conventional planning and control systems are discussed. Finally, the chapter looks at the significance of autonomous control in the context of Industry 4.0 and shows the relations between both concepts.
Automobile Logistics 4.0: Advances Through Digitalization
Authors: Hoff-Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik Marit , Teucke Michael , Oelker Stephan , Freitag Michael
Published: December 2021

In today’s buyer’s markets, logistical service quality is of great importance, particularly for high-priced products. For many buyers, the automobile is the epitome of a high-priced, individually customized product. Hence, customers expect a high delivery service quality. Distribution logistics provides the link between the manufacturer and the customer and is therefore responsible for providing these services. In automobile logistics, the distribution chain involves several stakeholders, such as manufacturers, transport, and technical services providers, as well as dealers. Seamless coordination between them is crucial. Digitalization is an inevitable means for gaining a high level of transparency among the stakeholders. In addition, it provides technologies for developing effective and tailor-made assistance and control systems that support processes along the distribution chain. In recent years, the BIBA—Bremer Institut für Produktion und Logistik GmbH has been active in automobile logistics research and has been involved in developing several assistant and control systems that range from relatively simple track and trace systems to highly complex compound control systems. In this paper, we present an overview of the developed systems and provide a vision, how recent and ongoing research improves automobile logistics and how to further potential can be leveraged.
Observations and Perceptions on a Doctoral Research Seminar in Engineering and Logistics
Authors: Louis Dave A. , Rügge Ingrid
Published: December 2021

Logistics is a global challenge needing cooperation across disciplinary as well as cultural diversity. International, interdisciplinary education has the potential to provide meaningful experiences and cultural exchange for the individuals involved, including students, faculty, and university professionals and can have a positive impact on their lives and professionalism. We introduce the doctoral training program International Graduate School for Dynamics in Logistics (IGS) at the University of Bremen and explores a German-American educational partnership on the level of doctoral training. Utilizing scholarly personal narratives, the perceptions of two university professionals were garnered. From the narratives, they discussed the advantages and difficulties associated with cultural exchanges, the exposure to many cultures, and engaging with differing educational systems converging within one program. This qualitative study provides and glimpses into the complexity and intentional nuances that should be addressed when developing and operationalizing international, interdisciplinary education.
Complex Networks in Manufacturing and Logistics: A Retrospect
Authors: Becker Till , Wagner-Kampik Darja
Published: December 2021

The methodology to model systems as graphs or networks already exists for a long time. The availability of information technology and computational power has led to a renaissance of the network modeling approach. Scientists have collected data and started to create huge models of complex networks from various domains. Manufacturing and logistics benefits from this development, because material flow systems are predetermined to be modeled as networks. This chapter revisits selected advances in network modeling and analysis in manufacturing and logistics that have been achieved in the last decade. It presents the basic modeling concept, the transition from static to dynamic and stochastic models, and a collection of examples how network models can be applied to contribute to solving problems in planning and control of logistic systems.