bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward an innovative interdisciplinary method for vulnerability assessments: the case of Taiwan
Authors: Lee Chia-Chi , Tung Ching-Pin , Liu Tzu-Ming , Tsao Jung-Hsuan , Liu Gin-Rong , Chiang Yi-Chang , Huang Kuo-Ching
Published: September 2015

Humans live in complicated social-ecological systems within which we interact with our surrounding environment. This interaction is of concern to various disciplines, which focus on various system elements (factors), many of which are mutually interacting. Assessments of vulnerability to climate change assist us in realizing the magnitude of the impact of various climate change factors, allowing us to determine and adopt appropriate adaptation measures. Nevertheless, previous impact-driven vulnerability assessments are either disciplinary or multidisciplinary and cannot easily account for the interaction between different disciplines. This paper proposes an interdisciplinary vulnerability assessment method (IVAM) to develop a framework by which interdisciplinary vulnerabilities can be understood. In addition, IVAM processes can promote the emergence of an interdisciplinary system, which could be used to identify the scope of interdisciplinary influence of a particular policy, along with the critical elements (factors) and government stakeholders of such policies. This research seeks to further the policy goals of the national government of Taiwan vis-à-vis climate change, covering the joint cooperation of experts from fields including environmental disaster management, public health, food security, ecology, and water resource management. The specific advantage of IVAM, however, is that this universal model is not limited to any of these specific disciplines.
Reservoir management under predictable climate variability and change
Authors: Asnaashari Ahmad , Gharabaghi Bahram , McBean Ed , Mahboubi Ali Akbar
Published: September 2015

The potential effects of climate change on future water budget components and streamflow in the Mississippi River (Ontario) are assessed. Analyses of historic hydrometric data indicate an increasing trend in winter streamflows due to the rising winter air temperatures across the region over the latter half of the 20th century. These temperatures have resulted in reduced snow accumulation and earlier spring snowmelt. Projected future climate data are developed using the second generation Coupled Global Climate Model and downscaled using the change factor method for the Mississippi River watershed (Ontario). The projected future climate data are then used as input to a calibrated hydrologic model for simulation of future water balance and streamflows in this river basin. These simulations predict a gradual annual rate of change of: 0.1% increase in total precipitation; 0.2% increase in rainfall; 0.7% decrease in snowfall; 0.2% increase in potential evapotranspiration; 0.1% decrease in soil moisture; 1.4% increase in water deficit; 0.5% increase in streamflow during winter months; and 0.3% decrease in summer streamflows. Cyclic pattern analysis of the historic streamflow records suggests the existence of pronounced 3-year and 12-year cycles, providing short-term streamflow forecasting opportunities for optimum reservoir management operations during the wet-year/dry-year cycles.
Evaluation of climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for maize cultivation in the Himalayan foothills of India
Authors: Deb Proloy , Kiem Anthony S. , Babel Mukand S. , Chu Sang Thi , Chakma Biplab
Published: September 2015

This study evaluates the impacts of climate change on rainfed maize (Zea mays) yield and evaluates different agro-adaptation measures to counteract its negative impacts at Sikkim, a Himalayan state of India. Future climate scenarios for the 10 years centered on 2025, 2055 and 2085 were obtained by downscaling the outputs of the HadCM3 General Circulation Model (GCM) under for A2 and B2 emission scenarios. HadCM3 was chosen after assessing the performance analysis of six GCMs for the study region. The daily maximum and minimum temperatures are projected to rise in the future and precipitation is projected to decrease (by 1.7 to 22.6% relative to the 1991–2000 baseline) depending on the time period and scenarios considered. The crop simulation model CERES-Maize was then used to simulate maize yield under future climate change for the future time windows. Simulation results show that climate change could reduce maize productivity by 10.7–18.2%, compared to baseline yield, under A2 and 6.4–12.4% under B2 scenarios. However, the results also indicate that the projected decline in maize yield could be offset by early planting of seeds, lowering the farm yard manure application rate, introducing supplementary irrigation and shifting to heat tolerant varieties of maize.
Purification and characterization of hemocyte phenoloxidases in Chilo suppressalis walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Mirhaghparast Seyyedeh , Zibaee Arash , Hoda Hassan , Fazeli-Dinan Mahmoud
Published: September 2015

In the current study, two phenoloxidases (POs) from the larvae of Chilo suppressalis Walker were extracted and purified by column chromatography using Sepharyl G-100 and DEAE-Cellulose fast flow column. Two proteins possessing PO activity, named as POI and POII, were extracted by purification, 5.08- and 5.62-fold, respectively, with 8.94% and 7.31% recoveries, respectively. Also, the specific activities of POI and POII were 0.478 and 0.529 U/mg protein, respectively. Finally, the molecular weights of POI and POII were calculated as 94.6 and 95.7 kDa, respectively. Kinetic parameters of the purified phenoloxidases by Lineweaver-Burk analysis were Vmax of 2.27 and 1.11 U/mg protein and Km of 15.51 and 17.31 mM for POI and POII, respectively. Mg2+ and Cu2+ significantly increased the PO activities. Ca2+ decreased the activity of POI and showed no statistical effects on POII activity. EDTA and DTC significantly inhibited the activities of the purified enzymes, while triethylenetetramine hexaacetic acid (TTHA) and RGTA showed no significant effects on enzymatic activities.
Use of Cassia alata aqueous extract as a bath treatment to control Pseudomonas anguilliseptica infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Phumkhachorn Parichat , Rattanachaikunsopon Pongsak
Published: September 2015

The aqueous extracts of six plants, Andrographis paniculata, Cassia alata,
Centella asiatica, Garcinia mangostana, Punica granatum and Psidium guajava,
were investigated for their antimicrobial activity and mode of action
against Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, an important fish pathogenic bacterium,
which is responsible for economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. Among the
tested plant extracts, the C. alata aqueous extract had the strongest
inhibitory effect and exhibited a bactericidal mode of action against the
pathogenic bacterium. When an infection of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
with P. anguilliseptica was induced by intraperitoneal, the median lethal
dose (LD50) was determined to be 1.59 x 105 CFU/ml. For the in vivo trial,
four different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) of C. alata aqueous
extract were used as bath treatment to remedy the infection. The effect of
the extract on the infection was dose-dependent and an extract with the
concentration of 100 ppm eliminated mortality of the infected fish without
producing any adverse effects on the animals. This study suggests that C.
alata aqueous extract has the potential to control fish disease caused by P.
anguilliseptica.
Primary insect cell culture from total embryo and embryonic brain tissue of Periplaneta americana: A preliminary study
Authors: Soya Seçkin , Can Hüseyin , Yıkılmaz Mehmet
Published: September 2015

The aim of this preliminary study was to establish a primary insect cell
culture from total embryos and embryonic brain tissues of Periplaneta
americana, collected from Izmir, Turkey. Cells were cultured at 29?C in
Grace?s insect medium for one month. In the embryonic brain tissue culture,
single cells and cell clumps containing spherical and ovoid as well as
dividing cells were observed. Single bipolar neurons were detected after 4
days in culture. Network systems comprised of bipolar neurons were observed
on the 5th day of incubation. In addition, presumably glia cells were
observed in the embryonic brain culture. In the total embryo culture, the
cell population exhibited variable morphologies, including spherical,
spindle-like, polygonal and giant cells after nearly 20 days; the culture
covered almost half of the Petri dish area within 30 days. This preliminary
study associated with Periplaneta americana primary cell culture is the
first of its kind in Turkey. These results should contribute to the
development of new insect cell lines that are indigenous to Turkey.
Indications for and factors relating to outcome after rumenotomy or rumenostomy in cattle: 95 cases (1999–2011)
Authors: Hartnack Amanda K. , Niehaus Andrew J. , Rousseau Marjolaine , Pentecost Rebecca L. , Miesner Matt D. , Anderson David E.
Published: September 2015

Objective—To evaluate indications for and factors relating to outcome after rumenotomy or rumenostomy in cattle.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—95 cattle that underwent rumenotomy or rumenostomy.

Procedures—Medical records for 95 cattle that underwent either rumenostomy or rumenotomy at 2 veterinary teaching hospitals in 1999 through 2011 were analyzed. Reasons for the procedures were noted. Long-term outcome was determined during telephone interviews with owners.

Results—42 (44%) bovids underwent rumenostomy and 53 (56%) bovids underwent rumenotomy. Among the 42 animals undergoing rumenostomy, 18 (43%) had rumen cannulas placed during elective procedures. Other indications for rumenostomy included ruminal tympany (bloat [n = 20]), esophageal obstruction (choke [1]), grain overload (1), and provision of access for administration of enteral nutrition (2). Indications for rumenotomy included traumatic reticuloperitonitis (n = 31), bloat (9), foreign body (6), choke (5), and other (2). Long-term follow-up data were available for 31 of 42 (74%) bovids that underwent rumenostomy. Of those 31 animals, 17 (55%) were still in the herd, 4 (13%) had been culled, and 10 (32%) had died or were euthanized. Long-term follow-up data were available for 38 of 53 (72%) bovids that underwent rumenotomy. Of those 38 animals, 13 (34%) were still in the herd, 14 (37%) had been culled, and 11 (29%) had died or been euthanized.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that rumenotomy and rumenostomy can be effective in treating or relieving complications secondary to forestomach disorders in cattle. Bovids undergoing rumen surgery had a favorable prognosis for survival and a fair prognosis for potential return to production.
Ramabai Espinet's The Swinging Bridge as a Refunctioning of Neil Bissoondath's A Casual Brutality and The Worlds Within Her
Authors: Solbiac Rodolphe
Published: September 2015

This study proposes a reading of Ramabai Espinet's The Swinging Bridge as an intertextual “refunctioning” of issues dealt with by Neil Bissoondath in A Casual Brutality and The Worlds Within Her. Through a comparative analysis of the two novelists' treatments of memory, this article argues for a reading of The Swinging Bridge as a refunctioning of Bissoondath's dystopian fictions that allows the diasporic subject to come to terms with a traumatic past and to map new transcultural spaces, reconnecting same and other.
Cell-Based Therapies in Lower Urinary Tract Disorders
Authors: Gopinath Chaitanya , Ponsaerts Peter , Wyndaele Jean Jacques
Published: August 2015

Cell-based therapy for the bladder has its beginnings in the 1990s with the successful isolation and culture of bladder smooth muscle cells. Since then, several attempts have been made to artificially implant native cell types and stem cell-derived cells into damaged bladders in the form of single-cell injectables or as grafts seeded onto artificial extracellular matrix. We critically examined in the literature the types of cells and their probable role as an alternative to non-drug-based, non-bowel-based graft replacement therapy in disorders of the urinary bladder. The limitations and plausible improvements to these novel therapies have also been discussed, keeping in mind an ideal therapy that could suit most bladder abnormalities arising out of varied number of disorders. In conclusion, muscle-derived cell types have consistently proven to be a promising therapy to emerge in the coming decade. However, tissue-engineered constructs have yet to prove their success in preclinical and long-term clinical setting.
A Compositional Semantics for Multiple Focus Constructions
Authors: Krifka Manfred
Published: September 2015

No abstract.
Aspect and Adverbials
Authors: Hitzeman Janet
Published: September 2015

No abstract.
Bare sentences
Authors: Déchaine Rose-Marie
Published: September 2015

No abstract.
The Syntax and Semantics of Nominals
Authors: Bowers John
Published: September 2015

No abstract.
Exceptive Constructions
Authors: Von Fintel Kai
Published: September 2015

No abstract.
Point of View as a Factor of Content
Authors: Doron Edit
Published: September 2015

No abstract.
Risk mapping of bovine hypodermosis using geographical information system (GIS) in cattle of subtropical region, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Mobushir Riaz , Ahmed Haroon , Panadero-Fontan Rosario , Lopez-Sandez Ceferino , Khan Muhammad Aamir , Asif Saira , Mustafa Irfan , Ali Muhammad Isthiaq , Raza Hamid , Qayyum Mazhar
Published: August 2015

Introduction: Hypodermosis is an ectoparasitic disease of cattle caused by Hypoderma lineatum and Hypoderma bovis. It is an important health problem of cattle, leading to considerable economic losses. There are various factors that are involved in the spread of this disease such as herd size, location, temperature, humidity, and precipitation. Methodology: Blood samples from 112 herds were collected to determine the presence of Hypoderma spp. infestation. For these herds, size and location were determined; temperature, humidity, and precipitation data were obtained from meteorological stations; and topographic features were obtained from existing maps and through field work. A regression analysis was then used to generate a risk factor analysis profile for hypodermosis and geographic information system (GIS) was used to map the risks. Results: The GIS map developed showed the degree of infestation in different geographical locations at district and village levels. Cluster analysis demonstrated that hypodermosis prevalence varied within zones and across zones. The regression analysis showed that the temperature in the months of January, February, March, August, and November, and the precipitation in September and October had significant results (p < 0.05) when all the risks factors were analyzed. Conclusions: It is concluded that different ecological factors have an important impact on the intensity and infestation rate of hypodermosis across the globe. The present study might be used to control and eradicate the hypodermosis across the globe.
The Longitudinal Reliability and Responsiveness of the OMERACT Hand Osteoarthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring System (HOAMRIS)
Authors: Haugen Ida K. , Eshed Iris , Gandjbakhch Frederique , Foltz Violaine , Østergaard Mikkel , Bøyesen Pernille , Bird Paul , Genant Harry K. , Peterfy Charles G. , Conaghan Philip G.
Published: September 2015

Objective.

To evaluate the interreader reliability of change scores and the responsiveness of the OMERACT Hand Osteoarthritis (OA) Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) Scoring System (HOAMRIS).

Methods.

Paired MRI (baseline and 5-yr followup) from 20 patients with hand OA were scored with known time sequence by 3 readers according to the HOAMRIS: Synovitis, erosive damage, cysts, osteophytes, cartilage space loss, malalignment, and bone marrow lesions (BML; 0–3 scales with 0.5 increments for synovitis, erosive damage, and BML). Interreader reliability for status and change scores were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), percentage exact agreement and percentage close agreement (PEA/PCA), and smallest detectable change (SDC). Responsiveness was assessed by standardized response means (SRM).

Results.

Cross-sectional interreader ICC were good to very good (≥ 0.74) for all features except synovitis, cysts, and malalignment (ICC 0.50–0.58). The range of change values was small, leading to low ICC for change scores. The SDC values for sum scores (total range 0–24) varied between 1.97–3.05 (except 1.08 for malalignment). For status scores, PEA/PCA on scores in individual joints across the readers were 8.1–50.0 and 43.8–78.1, respectively. Similarly, PEA/PCA for change scores were 20.6–63.8 and 66.3–93.1, respectively. All features except cysts and BML demonstrated good responsiveness with higher SRM for sum scores (range 0.46–1.62) than for scores in individual joints (range 0.24–0.73).

Conclusion.

Good to very good interreader ICC values were found for cross-sectional readings, whereas the longitudinal reliability was lower because of a smaller range of change scores. All features, except cysts and BML, showed good responsiveness.
Factors Associated with the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Korean Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Han Minkyung , Sung Yoon-Kyoung , Cho Soo-Kyung , Kim Dam , Won Soyoung , Choi Chan-Bum , Bang So-Young , Cha Hoon-Suk , Choe Jung-Yoon , Chung Won Tae , Hong Seung-Jae , Jun Jae-Bum , Jung Young Ok , Kim Seong-Kyu , Kim Tae-Hwan , Koh Eunmi , Lee Hye-Soon , Lee Jisoo , Lee Joo-Hyun , Lee Shin-Seok , Nah Seong-Su , Shim Seung-Cheol , Yoo Dae-Hyun , Yoo Wan-Hee , Yoon Bo Young , Jee Sun Ha , Bae Sang-Cheol
Published: September 2015

Objective.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is often painful and debilitating. Patients with RA are increasingly receiving complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). We aimed to identify the patient characteristics and disease-specific factors associated with Korean patients with RA who decide to start treatment with CAM.

Methods.

Among the total 5371 patients with RA in the KORean Observational study Network for Arthritis (KORONA), 2175 patients who had no experience with CAM were included in our study. In our study, we assessed the frequency of new incident CAM use, its patterns, and the predictive factors of new CAM use.

Results.

Of the 2175 patients, 229 patients (10.5%) newly started receiving CAM within a year of enrolling in the cohort. Of those who started treatment with CAM, 17.0% received only herbal medicine, 54.6% only acupuncture treatments (7.0% used a combination of both), and 21.4% “Other” (e.g., physical therapy and placental extract injections). Women (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.13–3.14) and patients with depression (OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.65–7.50) were significantly more likely to be treated with CAM. Regarding household types, patients who lived in an extended family (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.08–2.95) or as part of a couple (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.07–2.24) were more likely to be treated with CAM than patients living in a nuclear family.

Conclusion.

Our study found, within a year, an incidence rate of 10.5% for new CAM use among patients with no previous experience with CAM. Sex, depression, and household type were significantly associated with new CAM use.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings following Intraarticular Infliximab Therapy for Refractory Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis among Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Stoll Matthew Laurence , Vaid Yoginder Nath , Guleria Saurabh , Beukelman Timothy , Waite Peter Daniel , Cron Randy Quentin
Published: September 2015

Objective.

To evaluate the involvement of intraarticular (IA) infliximab (IFX) in the management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) that is refractory to systemic treatment and IA corticosteroid therapy.

Methods.

Ours was a retrospective study of children with JIA who received IA IFX into the TMJ. The effectiveness of treatment on the progression of acute and chronic changes was assessed by a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging scoring system.

Results.

Median acute and chronic scores worsened by 0.25 and 0.75, respectively. In multivariate analysis, worsening acute scores and passage of time predicted worsening of the chronic scores.

Conclusion.

IA IFX allowed for progression of refractory TMJ arthritis in most but not all children with JIA.
Using the Fuzzy-QFD for Product Development: A Case Study for 3D Printer
Authors: Vongvit Rattawut
Published: September 2015

In this paper using Fuzzy-QFD approach to product development: case studyfor 3D printer. The method that translating the customer needs into technical term, Fuzzy-QFDmentioned illustrate that it can be utilized in different ways and can be adapted to solve a greatnumber of design problems. The study starts by determining customer demand. Thereafter, identifying technical requirement based on QFD. This paper integrates fuzzy set theory and house of qualityto determine the importance weight of the customer requirement and the relationship between customer requirement and the technical requirement. The results proposed Fuzzy-QFD approach can be expected to be successful and has potential for multiple criteria decision-making problems.
Experimental Investigation to Improve Surface Integrity of Biomedical Devices by End-Milling AISI 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Ginta Turnad Lenggo , Alkali Adam Umar , Danish Mohammad
Published: September 2015

This paper presents the influence of machining parameters namely cutting speed and feed rate on the machinability enhancement of AISI 316L stainless steel, in terms of surface integrity using end-milling with coated tungsten carbide tool (TiAlN). Optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and surface roughness measurement were used to analyze the surface integrity in terms surface topography and hardness test. A multi view approach is adopted to study the effect of different cutting parameters on the surface integrity of AISI 316L stainless steel. It was found that high cutting speed and low feed rate influence the surface roughness. Low surface roughness makes AISI 316L stainless steel more corrosion resistant which prevents wear of the implants.
Microstructure and Fatigue Fracture of Spot Welded TRIP800 Steel
Authors: Wu Hua , Zhao Bin , Gao Hua , Zhao Zhen Bo , Liu Cheng
Published: September 2015

The fatigue property of a TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steel after resistance spot welding (RSW) is investigated. It is found that the fatigue strength of the spot weld is only 8.9% of the original TRIP800 steel. This is a result of microstructure mismatch in heat affected zone (HAZ) due to different cooling rates during RSW. A maximum variation of about 220HV microhardness is observed at different areas from the relatively narrow HAZ. The fatigue degradation is attributed to the inhomogeneous distributions of microstructure and microhardness at HAZ and its adjacent zones. The fatigue crack initiated between HAZ and BM is a cleavage fracture as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation.
A Study on Dynamic Recrystallization Kinetics Model of 45Cr4NiMoV
Authors: Yoon Dae Hwan , Zhang Ya , Jung Dong Won
Published: September 2015

The dynamic recrystallization critical strain of this alloy was investigated by Poliak and other scholars using the hardening rate (θ) method; they thought the critical condition corresponded to the inflection point of the lnθ-ε curve and the minimum value on the ∂ (lnθ)/∂ε-ε curve. A dynamic recrystallization critical strain model of 45Cr4NiMoV was established.
Virtual Prototype Simulation and Transmission Error Analysis for RV Reducer
Authors: Zhang Ying Hui , Chen Zhuo , He Wei Dong
Published: September 2015

Based on the multi-body dynamics theory, paper builds the virtue prototype of the RV reducer with Adams software. By apply the cycloid gear equation with modification to create the backlash between cycloid gear and the pin gear. Build the backlash model between eccentric shaft and bearing with definition of constraint and function method. By using the MNF file to consider the deformation of the cycloid, pin gear and planet carrier. The dynamic flexible-rigid model of the coupled RV reducer was established. Then output curves of rotation rate, acceleration, force and angle inaccuracy were conducted. Then change the value of the backlash and to study its effect on the transmission error.The simulation results of the RV reducer provides the foundation for the further study of the precision analysis.
Coal-Rock Character Recognition in Fully Mechanized Caving Faces Based on Acoustic Pressure Data Time Domain Analysis
Authors: Xue Guang Hui , Liu Er Meng , Zhao Xin Ying , Hu Bao Hua , Ding Wei Jian
Published: September 2015

For the technical problems of coal and rock character recognition in fully mechanized caving faces. A method on characterization and recognition of coal and rock traits were discussed based on the time domain indexes of acoustic pressure data according to the differences of physics and mechanical parameters of coal and rock, and the differences of acoustic pressure data when coal and rock falling impact the rear beam of the sublevel caving hydraulic support. Firstly, the top coal caving experiments were carried out with mining portable vibration recorder developed by China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) in fully mechanized caving faces in the underground mines, and the acoustic pressure data in quantity were acquired; Then, signal preprocessing were carried on to remove trend items for the selected acoustic pressure data; Finally, the acoustic pressure dates were analyzed in time domain and the time domain features were acquired. Comparison found, peak to peak, variance and kurtosis index are sensitive to the working conditions and the variance with a higher recognition rate. Accordingly proposed an analytical method that based on time-domain features of acoustic pressure date which used variance as recognition indicator, providing technical support for improving the caving automation and intelligent in the fully mechanized caving face.
Modeling and Analysis of a Novel Flexible Capacitive-Based Tactile Sensor
Authors: Gh. Elkilany Basma , Sallam Elsayed A.
Published: September 2015

In recent years, autonomous robots have been increasingly deployed in unstructured and unknown environments. In order to survive in theses environments, robots are equipped with sensors. One of the main sensors is tactile sensor which provides the robots with tactile information like texture, stiffness, temperature, vibration and normal and shear forces. In this paper, we propose a flexible capacitive tactile sensor which is designed for measuring both normal and shear forces. The tactile sensing unit consists of five layers, a bottom layer of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) with a pillar, two copper electrodes embedded into a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a spacer, a Polyimide (PI) film and finally a top PI bump. The bump and the pillar structure play a significant role in producing a torque for shear force measurement. Finite element modeling (FEM) is conducted to analyze the deformation of the sensing unit and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics. The change of capacitance verse normal and shear forces are obtained, a comparison between the proposed sensor and other pervious sensor is conducted. The sensitivity of a cell is 0.22%/N within the full scale range of 10 N for normal force and 4%/N within the full scale range of 10 N for shear force.
On the Kinematic of Generalized Oldham Couplings
Authors: Hsieh Wen Hsiang , Tsai Chia Heng
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study aims at the kinematic study of generalized Oldham couplings by conducting kinematic analysis, kinematic simulation, and prototype experiment. First, the characteristics of generalized Oldham couplings are presented. Then, kinematic analysis and kinematic are performed. Finally, a prototype and its associated experimental setup are established. An experiment is conducted to evaluate the performance of the coupling. The simulated result shows that the output of the coupling is non-uniform, and close to a sinusoid. The experimental result indicates that the experimental output approximately agrees with the theoretical, but with fluctuations and a phase lag.
Microstructure Prediction by Finite Element Analysis during Hot Rolling of Magnesium Alloy Sheets
Authors: Hwang Yeong Maw , Yeh Tso Lun
Published: September 2015

Material’s plastic deformation by hot forming processes can be used to make the materials generate dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and fine grains and accordingly products with more excellent mechanical properties, such as higher strength and larger elongation can be obtained. In this study, compression tests and water quenching are conducted to obtain the flow stress of the materials and the grain size after DRX. Through the regression analysis, prediction equations for the magnesium alloy microstructure were established. Simulations with different rolling parameters are conducted to find out the relationship between the DRX fractions or grain sizes of the rolled products and the rolling parameters. The simulation results show that rolling temperature of 400°C and thickness reduction of 50% are the optimal conditions. An average grain size of 0.204μm-0.206μm in the microstructure is obtained and the strength and formability of ZK60 magnesium alloys can be improved.
Study of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Milling Using Four-Blade Face Cutter
Authors: Chen Dyi Cheng , You Ci Syong , Tu Chia An , Ni Chieh Hsin
Published: September 2015

In this paper, construction of finite element analysis based on DEFORMTM 3D four-blade face milling cutter aluminum 6061 cutting, explore the finite element analysis of face milling cutter rotating in a circle cutting of aluminum alloy 6061.Tool types used WC milling cutters, cutting speed, feed rate as fixed process parameters. The study analyzed four rotations of the blade face milling chip formation, effective stress, effective strain and material changes in temperature and tool wear.
Effects of Process Parameters on the Formability of Miniature Layered Cups
Authors: Chen Tsung Chia , Xu Ming Long
Published: September 2015

Based on materials, different punch radii (0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5 mm), two sets of diameter-diameter ratio 1.(.167, 1.25, 1.33, 1.4167, and 1.5) and 2.(1.6, 1.45, 1.33, 1.231, and 1.143), and two sets of depth ratio 1.(1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, and 1.7) and 2.(2.14, 1.875, 1.67, 1.5, and 1.36) are used for the stamping processes to analyze the simulation and experimental difference in copper sheet-metal (C1100) miniature layered cups. Prandtl-Reuss flow rule is integrated with finite deformation theory and Updated Lagrangian Formulation (ULF) to establish the incremental elastic-plastic deformation Finite Element Method in Coulomb’s Friction Law for simulating the miniature layered cup process. Generalized rmin algorithm is utilized in the forming process for dealing with elastic-plastic behaviors and die contact. From the simulation data, the relationship among deformation history, punch load, and punch stroke, the stress-strain distribution, and the distribution of the thinnest thickness by different punch radii are acquired.
Editorial Foreword Vol. 10(3)
Authors: Mahaliyanaarachchi Rohana P
Published: September 2015

No abstract availableThe Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol.10, No 3, September 2015
Women participation in urban agriculture and its influence on family economy - Sri Lankan experience
Authors: Gamhewage M. I. , Sivashankar P. , Mahaliyanaarachchi R. P. , Wijeratne A. W. , Hettiarachchi I. C.
Published: September 2015

Urban Agriculture has an incredible ability to address various burning issues in the urban community such as poverty, malnutrition, unhygienic food stuff and food insecurity which have arisen due to the continuous increase in global urban population. Women can play a key role in urban agriculture due to their role in food management at household level. Nevertheless, at present women participation in urban agriculture is significantly unsatisfactory. In this research, primary data were collected from a sample of 82 respondents in the capital of Sri Lanka, Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte. The results of the study confirm a significant difference in the perceptions on urban agriculture among urban women farmers and urban women non-farmers. The most influential socio-economic factors affecting the women participation in urban agriculture are; age, education level, number of members in the family and total cultivable area. The time constraints for farming, poor quality of planting inputs and lack of knowledge are the mainly identified constraints that hinder women’s contribution in urban agriculture. The results of the study further reveal that the best strategy practiced by the urban women farmers to uplifting the family economy is re-investing the income or savings of household expenditure due to urban agriculture activities on same agricultural activities. Further, the fitted model on can be used to determine the level of women participation in urban agriculture.The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol.10, No 3, September 2015, pp.192-206
Not All SCID Pigs Are Created Equally: Two Independent Mutations in the Artemis Gene Cause SCID in Pigs
Authors: Waide Emily H. , Dekkers Jack C. M. , Ross Jason W. , Rowland Raymond R. R. , Wyatt Carol R. , Ewen Catherine L. , Evans Alyssa B. , Thekkoot Dinesh M. , Boddicker Nicholas J. , Serão Nick V. L. , Ellinwood N. Matthew , Tuggle Christopher K.
Published: August 2015

Mutations in >30 genes are known to result in impairment of the adaptive immune system, causing a group of disorders collectively known as SCID. SCID disorders are split into groups based on their presence and/or functionality of B, T, and NK cells. Piglets from a line of Yorkshire pigs at Iowa State University were shown to be affected by T−B−NK+ SCID, representing, to our knowledge, the first example of naturally occurring SCID in pigs. In this study, we present evidence for two spontaneous mutations as the molecular basis for this SCID phenotype. Flow cytometry analysis of thymocytes showed an increased frequency of immature T cells in SCID pigs. Fibroblasts from these pigs were more sensitive to ionizing radiation than non-SCID piglets, eliminating the RAG1 and RAG2 genes. Genetic and molecular analyses showed that two mutations were present in the Artemis gene, which in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state cause the immunodeficient phenotype. Rescue of SCID fibroblast radiosensitivity by human Artemis protein demonstrated that the identified Artemis mutations are the direct cause of this cellular phenotype. The work presented in the present study reveals two mutations in the Artemis gene that cause T−B−NK+ SCID in pigs. The SCID pig can be an important biomedical model, but these mutations would be undesirable in commercial pig populations. The identified mutations and associated genetic tests can be used to address both of these issues.
Automatic contouring of geophysical data using bicubic spline interpolation
Authors: Holroyd A , Bhattacharyya B K
Published: September 2015

A method for automatic contouring of two-dimensional geophysical data is presented in this paper. The method is based on piecewise bicubic spline representation of uniformlygridded data points derived from irregularly-spaced observations. The testing of this
method has been carried out with a set of data digitized along flight lines at points of intersection with contour lines on a published aeromagnetic map. The map is conspicuous by the presence of steep gradient as well as broad, smoothly-varying regions. A critical examination of the
machine-contoured map with respect to the published hand-drawn map establishes the accuracy and reliability of the automatic contouring program. In this paper a short account of bicubic splines is followed by a description of the contouring program, the input data required by the program, and the
results.
Geology of the Henik Lakes (east half) and Ferguson Lake (east half) map areas, District of Keewatin
Authors: Bell R T , Talbot J L
Published: September 2015

The general geology of Henik Lakes (east half) and Ferguson Lake (east half) map-areas is summarized. The map-areas transect a tract of moderately well preserved Archean volcanic, sedimentary and plutonic rocks that form a small sub province within the Churchill
(Structural) Province. This sub province is bounded to the north and to the south by gneisses derived chiefly, if not entirely, from Archean rocks by moderate to intense metamorphism and migmatization during Hudsonian Orogeny. A small synclinorium of Aphebian rocks is present near Padlei. These
rocks comprise a lower unit of pyritic submature arenites and conglomerates, and an upper unit, the Hurwitz Group, typified by quartzites. The lower unit is favourable for exploration for uraniferous placer deposits.
Surficial geology of Rustico map-area, Prince Edward Island
Authors: Frankel L , Crowl G H
Published: September 2015

During the last Pleistocene glaciation, Rustico map- area was covered by ice from New Brunswick which moved east south east. At a slightly later date, ice flowed eastward a long Northumberland Strait; some may have been diverted northeastward into the southern
part of the map- area and into Hillsborough Bay or else this late flow was from the island south and southwest towards Northumberland Strait. Till, composed of the ice - deposited ground moraine that covers much of the area, varies markedly in physical characteristics from place to p lace and,
except for sparse erratic boulders , which are most numerous in the western part of the map area, it contains only material that can be ascribed to local bedrock sources. The absence of end moraines and large proglacial deposits, and the presence of an anastomosing complex of ice - contact
stratified drift over large parts of the eastern two - thirds of the map- area suggest that deglaciation occurred by the down-melting of a rapidly thinning, stagnant ice mass.
Biogeochemical investigations in the Perch Lake area, Chalk River, Ontario
Authors: Hornbrook E H W
Published: September 2015

Biogeochemical investigations were conducted at a sample plot near Chalk River, Ontario, in 1966, primarily to deter mine the plant sampling density required to evaluate the heavy metal distribution in background areas . Secondary objectives were to test the
performance of two mobile trailer laboratory units during transportation and while operating under field conditions and to examine the feasibility of conducting a biogeochemical and geochemical dispersion experiment at the sample plot site. Plant and humus ash and mineral soil were leached with hot
nitric acid and Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ag, Ni, and Co were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Heavy metal content is uniformly distributed, within acceptable limits, among like organ samples collected at 15 stations in the 100- by 120-foot plot. Plant organ samples collected on 100 - foot
station intervals will provide satisfactory data to evaluate heavy metal distribution in a background area. The performance of the mobile trailer laboratories was entirely satisfactory and the execution of biogeochemical and geochemical dispersion investigations was found to be
feasible.
Uranium in stream sediments in Carboniferous rocks of Nova Scotia
Authors: Little H W , Durham C C
Published: September 2015

Samples collected in 1957 and 1958 during a regional geochemical study were re-examined for uranium using a fluorometric method developed in the Geological Survey laboratories. Samples were selected to cover the Carboniferous Basin and the authors discuss the
uranium potential of each formation within this basin. Values are displayed on a contoured map derived through computer techniques.
Notes on lacustrine manganese-iron concretions
Authors: Terasmae J
Published: September 2015

Manganese-iron concretions, and other types of Mn-Fe precipitate, have been found in many small lakes in Ontario and Nova Scotia, and also in Lakes Michigan and Ontario. These deposits may contain up to 40 per cent (by weight) of iron and 35 per cent of
manganese, in addition to small amounts of other elements (Zn, Ni, Co, Pb and Cu). The estimated abundance of these deposits indicates that they may have a mineral resource potential. The formation of the lacustrine Mn-Fe precipitates is not clearly understood, but appears to be related to
geochemical processes through acid leaching in the watershed areas (caused by surface water rich in humic matter) and transport by groundwater to sites of precipitation in lakes where higher pH levels and oxidizing conditions prevail.
Mineral exploration and mining activities, Mainland Northwest Territories, 1966 to 1968
Authors: Thorpe R I
Published: September 2015

Summaries are given of 150 mineral exploration programs conducted on claims groups or larger areas in the mainland Northwest Territories during the period 1966 to 1968. Mineral exploration work in the Coppermine River area has been reported previously (Thorpe,
1970), and is excluded from this report. In addition, three exploration programs conducted on Victoria Island are described in this report; and development work, production, and exploration are also detailed for six producing and three developing mines.
The author has visited nearly half of the properties or exploration areas described in this report. However, the bulk of the information summarized here has been obtained from technical reports submitted by the various mining companies as representation work on their properties.
In 1966 exploration effort was concentrated in the Pine Point area where three additional, apparently economic, deposits of the Mississippi Valley-type were discovered. Aside from exploration for copper in the Coppermine River area in 1967 and 1968, exploration effort was directed toward uranium
(Bear Province, Aphebian rocks in the East Arm of Great Slave Lake, Churchill Province south of the East Arm), silver (Bear Province near Great Bear Lake, northeast tip of Slave Province), copper-zinc and zinc-lead-silver-copper deposits of the massive sulphide type associated with volcanic rocks
(southern and eastern parts of the Slave Province), lead-silver vein deposits (in Paleozoic rocks in the Mackenzie Mountains, and in northern Slave Province), copper deposits of the vein, disseminated and stockwork types (East Arm of Great Slave Lake), copper mineralization associated with "Giant"
quartz veins (Bear Province), copper deposits of the Coppermine River-type (associated with continental basaltic lavas; Victoria Island, Bathurst Inlet), and a number of known gold properties were reinvestigated (Slave Province). In addition some exploration work was done on nickel arsenide
prospects, a vein barite property, tantalum-bearing pegmatites, a copper-tungsten prospect, some copper-cobalt veins, a cobalt-bismuth prospect, and an alkaline complex. Gold, copper and uranium possibilities were investigated in Keewatin District. Some reconnaissance work was done in 1968 to assess
the nickel potential of the boundary between the Slave and Churchill structural provinces.
Paleomagnetism of the Jurassic Island Intrusions of Vancouver Island, British Columbia
Authors: Symons D T A
Published: September 2015

Granodioritic batholiths of the mid-Jurassic (15 9 ±. 10 m. y.) Island Intrusions were sampled at 24 sites (218 specimens) along the length of Vancouver Island. After AF demagnetization and statistical consistency tests, 1 7 sites were judged to have stable
primary TRM with 16 sites reflecting a normal mid-Jurassic paleomagnetic field and one site a reversed field. Use of the fold test indicates that the broad Island-spanning anticlinorium found in the Triassic Karmutsen basalts was formed prior to cooling of the Island Intrusions. The calculated
geomagnetic pole position for the Island Intrusions of 79°N, 240°E (10°, 11°)is consistent with positions for other North American Jurassic rock formations indicating either no post-intrusion movement of Vancouver Island relative to the North American continental block or at most
very little movement. If minor relative movement has occurred it can best be explained by a few degrees (""1. 5° ) of clockwise rotation of Vancouver Island either during the mid-Cretaceous Nevadan Orogeny or during the later Tertiary through sea-floor spreading off the adjacent Fast Pacific
Rise, and by a few degrees (~5°) of the northeastward tilt of panels of rock between block faults during the Tertiary.
A miniaturized digital data acquisition system for high resolution magnetometer surveying
Authors: Sawatzky P
Published: September 2015

The elaborate procedure required to design a compact digital system suitable for use in relatively small aircraft is described. The system should be useful for agencies and firms who wish to carry out reconnaissance aeromagnetic surveys using digital recording
techniques.
Mercury in the natural environment : a review of recent work
Authors: Jonasson I R
Published: September 2015

A review on mercury in the natural environment is presented to cover the literature published since the last major review which is that of James (1962). Together with the treatise by Saukov (1946) these two earlier works provide a full background on the relevant
chemistry and geochemistry of mercury which is not duplicated in this report. Sections on analysis for mercury and its compounds, mercury in natural waters, aspects of pollution by mercury, mercury in soils and recent advances in the geochemistry of mercury in ores and rocks are included. A
bibliography of more than three hundred published papers is included.
Lower Ordovician Trilobites from the vicinity of south Catcher Pond, northeastern Newfoundland
Authors: Dean W T
Published: September 2015

Trilobites from limestone within volcanic rocks at localities near South Catcher Pond, southwest of Notre Dame Bay, are shown to be of Lower Ordovician, probably Arenig, age, and exhibit affinities with faunas in western Newfoundland, Quebec, and Sweden. At least
four genera are present: Geragnostus, Selenoharpes?, Leiostegiun and Ischyrophyma, the last-named represented by I . marmorea sp. nov. The unnamed formation containing the fossils, previously considered to be of Silurian age, is provisionally reassigned to the Lush's Bight Group, for which a·
Lower Ordovician age had been established, though on the basis of meagre faunal evidence.
Restauración ecológica post-incendio de un bosque mixto de Pinus-Quercus del noreste de México
Authors: Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo , Valdecantos-Dema Alejandro , Jiménez-Pérez Javier , Rubio-Camacho Ernesto A. , Yerena-Yamallel José I. , González-Tagle Marco A.
Published: September 2015

La presente investigación se desarrolló en un bosque de Pinus-Quercus en el Parque Ecológico Chipinque (noreste de México), el cual fue afectado por un incendio forestal y sometido a tratamiento de restauración ecológica. Los objetivos fueron evaluar el establecimiento artificial de Pinus pseudostrobus (Lindl.) y analizar el efecto de las barreras de retención de suelo después de 10 años de su instalación. Para ello se estableció un área de estudio con tratamiento de restauración ecológica y otra área sin tratamiento en las que se muestreó la comunidad vegetal y la profundidad del suelo. De acuerdo con los resultados, se registró 35 % de supervivencia de la plantación, la cual se considera como no aceptable. Las barreras de retención de suelo tuvieron efecto positivo, pues incrementaron la profundidad del suelo hasta 25 %. Con la investigación se concluye que las técnicas de restauración post-incendio aplicadas han sido eficaces, ya que incorporan una especie clave de ecosistemas maduros y evitan la pérdida de suelo por arrastre, por lo que se recomienda su uso en rodales de Pinus-Quercus afectados por incendios en la Sierra Madre Oriental.