bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drugs as Chemical Weapons: Past and Perspectives
Authors: Pitschmann Vladimír , Hon Zdeněk
Published: January 2023

The emergence of modern chemical weapons and chemical warfare is traditionally associated with World War I, but the use of poisons in the military has its roots deep in the past. The sources of these poisons have always been natural agents that also served as medicines. This relationship between poison and medicine, and nowadays between chemical warfare and medicine, or between ‘military chemistry’ and pharmacy, appears to be very important for understanding not only the history but also the possible future of both phenomena. This article looks at some historical examples of the use of drugs as chemical weapons and, conversely, the use of chemical weapons as medicines. It seeks to find answers to some questions that are particularly relevant to the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, which aims to achieve a world without chemical warfare.
Relation between Increased IL-10 Levels and Malaria Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sornsenee Phoomjai , Wilairatana Polrat , Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez , Romyasamit Chonticha , Kotepui Manas
Published: January 2023

The roles of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of severe malaria have been widely studied, and the role of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of severe malaria remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the difference in IL-10 levels between patients with severe malaria and those with non-severe malaria. The search for relevant studies was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase from 1 February 2022 to 12 February 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed according to the guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect. In all, 1215 studies were identified, and 19 were included in the quantitative syntheses. The results showed that patients with severe malaria had a higher IL-10 level than those with non-severe malaria (p = 0.03, pooled standardized mean difference: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.08–1.40, I2: 97.22%, 19 studies/21 sub studies). The meta-analysis results demonstrated increased IL-10 levels in patients with severe malaria compared with those with non-severe malaria. However, with the heterogeneity of the meta-analysis results, further studies are required to confirm the changes in the IL-10 levels according to the severity of malaria and to investigate whether a combination of other severity parameters with IL-10 levels could be an alternative marker for severe malaria.
Revisiting Angular Momentum Conservation in Transport Simulations of Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
Authors: Liu Rong-Jun , Xu Jun
Published: January 2023

Based on the well-calibrated IBUU transport model, we have studied the dynamical effect of incorporating rigorous angular momentum conservation in each collision of particles with homework setups. The constraint of the rigorous angular momentum conservation requires in-plane collisions and side jumps of particles after their collision. Since the option is not unique, we have compared two typical prescriptions with the original one. While the results depend quantitatively on the choice of the prescription, we found that the angular momentum conservation generally reduces local density fluctuations and thus the collision rate and may have some influence on the density evolution, the collective flow, and even the pion production in transport simulations of intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions.
LAG-3 Contribution to T Cell Downmodulation during Acute Respiratory Viral Infections
Authors: Rodríguez-Guilarte Linmar , Ramírez Mario A. , Andrade Catalina A. , Kalergis Alexis M.
Published: January 2023

LAG-3 is a type I transmembrane protein expressed on immune cells, such as activated T cells, and binds to MHC class II with high affinity. LAG-3 is an inhibitory receptor, and its multiple biological activities on T cell activation and effector functions play a regulatory role in the immune response. Immunotherapies directed at immune checkpoints, including LAG-3, have become a promising strategy for controlling malignant tumors and chronic viral diseases. Several studies have suggested an association between the expression of LAG-3 with an inadequate immune response during respiratory viral infections and the susceptibility to reinfections, which might be a consequence of the inhibition of T cell effector functions. However, important information relative to therapeutic potential during acute viral lower respiratory tract infections and the mechanism of action of the LAG-3 checkpoint remains to be characterized. In this article, we discuss the contribution of LAG-3 to the impairment of T cells during viral respiratory infections. Understanding the host immune response to respiratory infections is crucial for developing effective vaccines and therapies.
Variability in the Clinical Course of COVID-19 in a Retrospective Analysis of a Large Real-World Database
Authors: Flisiak Robert , Rzymski Piotr , Zarębska-Michaluk Dorota , Ciechanowski Przemysław , Dobrowolska Krystyna , Rogalska Magdalena , Jaroszewicz Jerzy , Szymanek-Pasternak Anna , Rorat Marta , Kozielewicz Dorota , Kowalska Justyna , Dutkiewicz Ewa , Sikorska Katarzyna , Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic proceeds in waves, with variable characteristics of the clinical picture resulting from the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aimed to compare the epidemiological characteristics, symptomatology, and outcomes of the disease in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during periods of different variants dominance. Comparing the periods of dominance of variants preceding the Delta variant, the Delta period was characterized by a higher share of hospitalized females, less frequent comorbidities among patients, and a different age distribution. The lowest need for oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation was observed under Omicron dominance. The triad of classic COVID-19 symptoms, cough, fever, dyspnoea, and fatigue, were most prevalent during the Delta period, and significantly less common under the Omicron dominance. During the Omicron period, nearly twice as many patients as in the previous periods could be discharged from the hospital within 7 days; the overall 28-day mortality was significantly lower compared to that of the Delta period. It also did not differ between periods that were dominated by the BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants. The study indicates that the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant that dominated between January and June 2022 caused a disease which resembled the common cold, and was caused by seasonal alpha and beta-coronaviruses with a low pathogenicity for humans. However, one should note that this effect may not only have been related to biological features of the Omicron lineage, but may additionally have been driven by the increased levels of immunization through natural infections and vaccinations, for which we could not account for due to a lack of sufficient data.
Pseudorabies Virus Mutants Lacking US9 Are Defective in Cytoplasmic Assembly and Sorting of Virus Particles into Axons and Not in Axonal Transport
Authors: Adamou Steven , Vanarsdall Adam , Johnson David C.
Published: January 2023

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) rely on transport of virus particles in neuronal axons to spread from sites of viral latency in sensory ganglia to peripheral tissues then on to other hosts. This process of anterograde axonal transport involves kinesin motors that move virus particles rapidly along microtubules. α-herpesvirus anterograde transport has been extensively studied by characterizing the porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) and HSV, with most studies focused on two membrane proteins: gE/gI and US9. It was reported that PRV and HSV US9 proteins bind to kinesin motors, promoting tethering of virus particles on the motors, and furthering anterograde transport within axons. Alternatively, other models have argued that HSV and PRV US9 and gE/gI function in the cytoplasm and not in neuronal axons. Specifically, HSV gE/gI and US9 mutants are defective in the assembly of virus particles in the cytoplasm of neurons and the subsequent sorting of virus particles to cell surfaces and into axons. However, PRV US9 and gE/gI mutants have not been characterized for these cytoplasmic defects. We examined neurons infected with PRV mutants, one lacking both gE/gI and US9 and the other lacking just US9, by electron microscopy. Both PRV mutants exhibited similar defects in virus assembly and cytoplasmic sorting of virus particles to cell surfaces. As well, the mutants exhibited reduced quantities of infectious virus in neurons and in cell culture supernatants. We concluded that PRV US9 primarily functions in neurons to promote cytoplasmic steps in anterograde transport.
Predictive Value of Reactogenicity for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response in mRNA-1273 Recipients: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Choi Min Joo , Heo Jung Yeon , Seo Yu Bin , Yoon Young Kyung , Sohn Jang Wook , Noh Ji Yun , Cheong Hee Jin , Kim Woo Joo , Choi Ju-yeon , Lee Young Jae , Lee Hye Won , Kim Sung Soon , Kim Byoungguk , Song Joon Young
Published: January 2023

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination was developed to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. However, data on antibody kinetics and factors influencing these vaccines’ immunogenicity are limited. We conducted a prospective study on healthy young adults who received two doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine at 28-day intervals. After each dose, adverse events were prospectively evaluated, and blood samples were collected. The correlation between humoral immune response and reactogenicity after vaccination was determined. In 177 participants (19–55 years), the geometric mean titers of anti-S IgG antibody were 178.07 and 4409.61 U/mL, while those of 50% neutralizing titers were 479.95 and 2851.67 U/mL four weeks after the first and second vaccine doses, respectively. Anti-S IgG antibody titers were not associated with local reactogenicity but were higher in participants who experienced systemic adverse events (headache and muscle pain). Antipyretic use was an independent predictive factor of a robust anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after receiving both vaccine doses. Systemic reactogenicity after the first dose influenced antibody response after the second dose. In conclusion, mRNA-1273 induced a robust antibody response in healthy young adults. Antipyretic use did not decrease the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after mRNA-1273 vaccination.
Non-Specific Effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Trunk Gerhard , Davidović Maša , Bohlius Julia
Published: January 2023

Background: Vaccines induce antigen-specific immunity, which provides long-lived protection from the target pathogen. Trials from areas with high incidence rates for infectious diseases indicated that the tuberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) induces in addition non-specific immunity against various pathogens and thereby reduces overall mortality more than would have been expected by just protecting from tuberculosis. Although recent trials produced conflicting results, it was suggested that BCG might protect from non-tuberculosis respiratory infections and could be used to bridge the time until a specific vaccine against novel respiratory diseases like COVID-19 is available. Methods: We performed a systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2011 and December 9th, 2022, providing evidence about non-specific effects after BCG vaccination, assessed their potential for bias, and meta-analyzed relevant clinical outcomes. We excluded RCTs investigating vaccination with an additional vaccine unless outcomes from a follow-up period before the second vaccination were reported. Results: Our search identified 16 RCTs including 34,197 participants. Vaccination with BCG caused an estimated 44% decrease in risk for respiratory infections (hazard ratio (HR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–0.82) with substantial heterogeneity between trials (I2 = 77%). There was evidence for a protective effect on all-cause mortality of 21% if follow-up was restricted to one year (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.99). We did not find evidence for an effect when we considered longer follow-up (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.75–1.03). Infection-related mortality after BCG vaccination was reduced by 33% (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.46–0.99), mortality for sepsis by 38% (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41–0.93). There was no evidence for a protective effect of BCG vaccination on infections of any origin (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–1.00), COVID-19 (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.68–1.14), sepsis (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.55–1.10) or hospitalization (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.91–1.11). Conclusions: According to these results, depending on the setting, vaccination with BCG provides time-limited partial protection against non-tuberculosis respiratory infections and may reduce mortality. These findings underline BCG’s potential (1) in pandemic preparedness against novel pathogens especially in developing countries with established BCG vaccination programs but limited access to specific vaccines; (2) in reducing microbial infections, antimicrobial prescriptions and thus the development of antimicrobial resistance. There is a need for additional RCTs to clarify the circumstances under which BCG’s non-specific protective effects are mediated.
Determinants of Virological Failure in HIV Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART): A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in the Upper East Region of Ghana
Authors: Abubakari Abdulai , Issah Habibu , Mutaka M. Awell Olives , Asumah Mubarick Nungbaso
Published: January 2023

Background: Even though highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV (Human Immune Deficiency) patients has considerably improved viral load suppression, more people still struggle to reduce viral loads. The aim of the study was to determine the associated factors of virological failure in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study involving 366 participants aged 15 years and above who were on HAART for six (6) months or longer with viral load results in 2020. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the determinants of virological failure among HIV patients at 95% confidence interval (C.I.) with a significant level pegged at a p value less than 0.05. Results: The prevalence of viral load failure was 47.0% and adherence to antiretroviral therapy was 62.6% among patients on HAART. The significant predicators of virological failure were basic education (AOR (adjusted odds ratio) = 7.36, 95% C.I = 4.91–59.71), High school/Vocational /Technical education (AOR = 4.70, 95% C.I. = 1.90–9.69), monthly salary/income ˂ GHS 375.00 (AOR = 7.20, 95% C.I. = 1.73–29.95), duration on ART for ˂1 year (AOR = 0.27, 95% C.I. = 0.10–0.75), ART regimen (Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Efavirenz) (AOR = 3.26, 95% C.I. = 1.95–11.25), 3–5 times missed medication per month (AOR = 2.86, 95% C.I. = 1.34–6.08) and ≥6 missed medication per month (AOR = 23.87, 95% C.I. = 10.57–53.92). Conclusion: Educational status, salary/income, ART duration, ART combination regimen, and number of doses missed were statistically significantly associated with virological failure in patients on antiretroviral therapy. The majority of the respondents adhered to ART, which led to moderate viral load suppression but lower than the target for 2020. There is the need to strengthen the ongoing accelerated social behavior change communication among patients on ART to enhance adherence in order to attain the new UNAIDS target of 95% viral load suppression by 2030 in the Upper East Region of Ghana.
Unsteady Aerodynamic Lift Force on a Pitching Wing: Experimental Measurement and Data Processing
Authors: Csurcsia Péter Zoltán , Siddiqui Muhammad Faheem , Runacres Mark Charles , De Troyer Tim
Published: January 2023

This work discusses the experimental challenges and processing of unsteady experiments for a pitching wing in the low-speed wind tunnel of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The setup used for unsteady experiments consisted of two independent devices: (a) a position control device to steer the pitch angle of the wing, and (b) a pressure measurement device to measure the aerodynamic loads. The position control setup can pitch the wing for a range of frequencies, amplitude, and offset levels. In this work, a NACA-0018 wing profile was used with an aspect ratio of 1.8. The position control and the pressure measurement setups operate independently of each other, necessitating advanced signal processing techniques to synchronize the pitch angle and the lift force. Furthermore, there is a (not well-documented) issue with the (sampling) clock frequency of the pressure measurement setup, which was resolved using a fully automated spectral analysis technique. The wing was pitched using a simple harmonic sine excitation signal at eight different offset levels (between 6° and 21°) for a fixed amplitude variation (std) of 6°. At each offset level, the wing was pitched at five different frequencies between 0.1 Hz and 2 Hz (that correspond to reduced frequencies k ranging from 0.006 to 0.125). All the experiments were conducted at a fixed chord-based Reynolds number of 2.85 × 105. The choice of operating parameters invokes the linear and nonlinear behavior of the wing. The linear unsteady measurements agreed with the analytical results. The unsteady pressure measurements at higher offset levels revealed the nonlinear aerodynamic phenomenon of dynamic stall. This confirms that a nonlinear and dynamic model is required to capture the salient characteristics of the lift force on a pitching wing.
Degradability of Polylactide in Natural Aqueous Environments
Authors: Krasowska Katarzyna , Heimowska Aleksandra
Published: January 2023

This study aims to estimate the degradation process of polylactide (PLA) in natural aqueous environments. The biological degradation of PLA took place in the Baltic Sea and in the natural pond over a period of 1 to 16 months. The characteristic abiotic parameters of both environments were monitored during incubation time, and their influence on the PLA degradation was discussed. The changes in weight, chemical structure, mechanical properties and surface morphology of investigated samples were also tested during incubation. The obtained results indicate that polylactide is not very susceptible to an enzymatic attack of microorganisms present in natural aqueous environments.
A Review on the Water Dimensions, Security, and Governance for Two Distinct Regions
Authors: Abbas Farhat , Al-Naemi Salem , Farooque Aitazaz A. , Phillips Michael
Published: January 2023

Non-arid region countries, including Canada, enjoy abundant water resources, while arid countries such as Qatar struggle to meet their water needs. However, climate change threats to water resources are similar for both climatic regions. Therefore, this article discusses water dimensions, security, and governance for these different regions, i.e., non-arid Canada and arid Qatar, that distinctly respond to their water-related challenges. Limitations of the article include lesser water-related literature availability for Qatar than for Canada. Canada’s water resources appear vulnerable to climate change as it is projected to face >0.6 °C above the global average of 1.6 °C for the 20th-century temperature. Qatar is extremely vulnerable to dust storms, and rising sea levels, with the maximum temperature approaching 50 °C during the summer, and flooding during the winter. The sustainable use of water resources needs to address social, economic, political, climate change, and environmental dimensions of water. Other than climate change impacts and high per capita consumption of water, Qatar faces challenges of a rise in population (~29 million as of now), acute shortage of freshwater from rainfall (~80 mm per annum), high evapotranspiration (~95% of the total rainfall), depletion of groundwater, and low agricultural productivity due to infertile lands and water scarcity, all leading to food insecurity. The sustainable use of water resources requires improved regulations for water governance and management. Comparisons of water sustainability issues, dimensions, security, and governance facilitate discussions to improve water governance structures for resource sustainability, food security, and climate change adaptability, and show how one country could learn from the experiences of the other.
BEARING CAPACITY OF EMERGENCYLY LOADED REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS WITH INITIAL IMPERFECTIONS
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, ALEKSEYTSEV A.V. , KURCHENKO N.S. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, ANTONOV M.D. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, MOROZOVA D.V. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: January 2023

An approach to numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete square columns with various types of initial imperfections is considered. Their ultimate bearing capacity is determined taking into account the possible dynamic additional loading by the longitudinal force and the bending moment. For research, a numerical model is used that describes the design of the column with volumetric elements for concrete and rod elements for the reinforcing cage. Initial imperfections are modeled by physical removal of elements, unzipping of elements, unzipping with the possibility of subsequent stitching by nonlinear bonds that simulate gaps and adhesion at the interface between media. Numerical analysis was carried out in a dynamic formulation according to an implicit scheme based on the direct method, the solution of a nonlinear problem was performed using the Newton-Raphson method with a discrepancy in the value of nodal forces. The degree of influence of initial imperfections associated with deviations of geometry and damage to the material on the bearing capacity of compressed-bent elements under emergency impact has been established. It is shown that for structures with an increased level of responsibility, it is advisable when designing to provide for an additional margin of safety for additionally loaded columns in frame structures within 10%.
VARIANT OF THE PLASTICITY THEORY FOR CONCRETE IN RELATION TO THE STATIC-DYNAMIC DEFORMATION REGIME
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, VU N.T. , FEDOROVA N.V. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The substantiation of the modes of static-dynamic loading of the operated reinforced concrete frames of multi-storey buildings under the out-of-design impact in the form of sudden removal of individual load-bearing elements is presented. Based on the theory of plasticity of concrete and reinforced concrete by G.A. Geniev, analytical dependences are constructed to determine the parameters of the static-dynamic deformation diagram of concrete under various modes of static loading and sequential dynamic loading. The advantage of the obtained refined variant of concrete deformation is that it contains two important parameters that take into account the influence of the loading speed and the level of static loading on the complex stress-strain state of concrete. Numerical studies have shown that the limiting static-dynamic strength of concrete under dynamic loading depends on the level of the initial stress state under static loading of concrete, from which dynamic loading is carried out to the limit state. The numerical analysis carried out using the model under consideration also confirmed the results of experimental studies that microcracking in concrete under static loading does not begin with a certain stress level, but practically from the moment of the beginning of concrete loading. The results obtained are of interest for solving applied problems related to the problem of survivability, protection of buildings and structures from progressive collapse, in particular when determining the criteria for the strength of concrete under special stress.
HEAVY CONCRETE BASED ON POLYDISPERSE BINDER WITH COMPLEX POLYMER MODIFIER WITH INCREASED PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Authors:   National Research Moscow State Civil Engineering University, TKACH E.V. , RAKHIMOV A.M. ,   Karaganda state technical University
Published: January 2023

The tasks related to the expansion of the raw material base in the production of porous aggregates for lightweight concrete with minimal energy consumption are becoming more and more urgent every year. As part of these studies, issues related to the production of porous aggregates for lightweight concrete that can withstand higher loads without compromising quality due to the presence of a crystalline structure of interpore partitions are considered. The material has low water absorption compared to expanded clay, which indicates the ability to maintain its thermal performance over time, and has an almost unlimited service life. The purpose of this study is to obtain foam-glass-crystalline porous aggregates for lightweight concrete using the technology of low-temperature foaming. The object of the study was technogenic production waste containing silica and aluminosilicate components as the main component (slag, TPP ash, enrichment tailings). Research results: the resulting porous fillers are characterized by high physical and mechanical properties: density 200-220 kg/m3; strength 3.1-4.0 MPa; thermal conductivity 0.07 - 0.1 W / (moS); water absorption 1-2%. Samples of light aggregates are characterized by a high degree of uniformity of the pore structure and preferred for strength and thermal conductivity pore sizes up to 1.2 mm and an interpore wall of 50 μm.
DEFORMATION MODEL OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES' RESISTANCE - FROM DISLOCATIONS TO CRACKS
Authors:   Southwestern State University, KOLCHUNOV VL.I. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Construction Physics RAASN
Published: January 2023

The article provides a model of "internal stresses" for concrete matrix of reinforced concrete structures from dislocations, microcracks to macrocracks. The energy theory on the surface of the sphere and the definition of the integral for the mean square value of tangential stresses from plasticity theory are used. An alternative to the general model of the "eight" in the form of a paraboloid from the summation of the volume sectors, levels - radii for the matrix of sliding planes (including octahedral and pure shear) is developed. In the environment of different materials, the model is constructed based on the structure of crystals and dislocations from microcracks to macrocracks, and its working assumptions are formulated. The important principle for displacement (deformation) processes of summation and reduction of relaxing stresses from the stress-strain diagram of concrete is taken into account. The internal total stresses at the rupture of the "figure of eight" (of two contour rings) are obtained for combinations of tetrahedrons or layers-strips from the tangle-paraboloid. The lower boundaries of concrete micro-cracking depend on stresses (deformations), growth rate, energy in crack advancement for a prism or a standard "figure of eight". Displacements from shear, opening widths and crack development heights are obtained from the criteria and connecting parameters in a "representative" volume of concrete. As a result, the dilatation moduli for the stages of the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete are determined, and the equality for the second stage and the dual console elements from the fracture mechanics are obtained.
THE LOOP JOINS OF REBARS. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY, PROBLEMS AND RELEVANCE
Authors:   AO «CNIIPromzdanij», AVDEEV K.V. , MAMIN A.N. ,   AO «CNIIPromzdanij»; Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (NIU MGSU), BOBROV V.V. ,   AO «CNIIPromzdanij»; Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (NIU MGSU), BAMMATOV A.A. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (NIU MGSU), MARTYANOV K.V. ,   JSC «Rosenergoatom» branch of capital projects implementation, PRYAKHIN S.N. ,   JSC «Rosenergoatom» branch of capital projects implementation
Published: January 2023

The connection of rebar of concrete structures by looping rebars with the formation of the joint core was developed at the beginning of the last century, but it has not been actively used due to the complexity of the work and the lack of calculation methods. The article presents a review of the history of the creation, practical application, national and foreign scientific research of the loop joints of rebar in concrete structures. The article describes advantages and disadvantages of such joints, gives brief information about the main parameters of the joints and the principle of operation. Suggestions for the directions of further study of the looped joints of reinforcing bars operation are presented, the goals for full-scale and numerical experimental research aimed at the development of calculation and design methods of looped joints for their further wider introduction into the construction practice are set.
ARRANGING OF THROUGH OPENINGS IN THE STONE VAULT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS
Authors:   OOO « PI Georekonstrukcia», ORLOVICH R.B. , ZIMIN S.S. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical University
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of arranging through openings in the stone vaults of reconstructed building structures. The need for such openings arises in connection with the use of new communication and engineering systems in opening cases and laying, for example, elevators, plumbing equipment, water supply systems, ventilation, etc. An analysis is made of the severity of the state of a stone wall with a rectangular and checked openings, as well as a study of anisotropy the strength of the stone lining on its bearing capacity in the presence of openings. It is noted that the use of the device of openings is possible with a compromise between the requirements of the project, the allowable sizes, shapes and locations of openings in the vaults, and the likelihood of their use. For this purpose, a detailed analysis of the complex acute condition of the vaults using modern software systems is required. In this case, special attention should be paid to minimizing tensile strains that cause cracks, especially at the corners of rectangular openings. There are cases associated with the detection of violations in difficult conditions of the stress state of blood coagulation in the presence of openings. Use examples of the practical implementation of through openings in the main cylindrical and cross stone vaults with a detailed analysis of their state of sharpness, as well as a study of the bearing capacity. It is emphasized that the most common manifestations of openings are minor tense sections of vaults, for example, stripping due to the proximity of walls under them. The elimination of vaults weakened by openings is analyzed. Preference is given to their reinforcement or reinforcement using reinforced concrete belts. Technological aspects of making openings are discussed. Attention is also drawn to monitoring the progress of openings.
THE CONCEPT OF DESIGN OF BUILDING STRUCTURES BASED ON NUMERICAL RESISTANCE MODELS
Authors:   Brest State Technical University, TUR V.V. , NADOLSKI V.V. ,   Brest State Technical University
Published: January 2023

A large number of theoretical and experimental studies confirms the classical resistance models introduced into standards. However, in modern conditions of rapid improvement of materials and technologies, new original design forms are increasingly being used, for which calculation models have not been established or do not have sufficient confirmation. To overcome these difficulties and due to the high cost of testing, numerical methods of analysis (modeling, simulations) of the behavior of building structures or a separate structural element are becoming increasingly widespread. However, the implementation of the design of steel structures based on numerical models is primarily constrained by the lack of unified approaches to development. There are no verified recommendations on the assignment of parameters of the numerical model, such as the description of steel deformation diagrams, recommendations on the assignment of the dimensions of the final elements, recommendations on the assignment of the shape and values of imperfections, etc. The second important problem is the lack of a safety format and the values of partial factors. The article substantiates the areas of application of the design method based on numerical resistance models, systematizes the factors affecting the uncertainty of the resistance and formulates the necessary stages of development of the design method based on numerical resistance models.
ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDINGS BASED ON TRANSFORMABLE FRAMES
Authors:   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), TSARITOVA N.G. , KURBANOV A.I. ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), KURBANOVA A.А. ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI)
Published: January 2023

. In the construction industry, buildings that provide themselves with energy are increasingly appearing. The article discusses the formative capabilities of the kinematic system, presents lattices and the three-dimensional shapes obtained from them. Special attention is paid to the cylindrical surface, its geometric immutability is ensured by the rigidity of the contour and the spatial shape of the surface of the central part. The authors of the article proposed a public building based on a transformable frame – it is a quick-erect and lightweight spatial structure that will meet the three main requirements of modernity: energy conservation, eco-nomicity and environmental friendliness. Have created a three-dimensional model of the structure, viewed in two states: before construction (flat rectilinear lattice) and after construction. The selection of enclosing structures based on thermal engineering calculations was carried out, and solar panels are used as additional panels. The color scheme of the facades is proposed. The light openings are triangular in shape on the side facade and trapezoidal with triangular at the ends of the building. This solution is due to maintaining the rhythm of structures and sandwich panels. installation of additional internal supports. The absence of internal supports in the building provides freedom in planning issues. To generate an alternative type of energy and save money, solar panels are installed on the building so as not to violate the general concept of facades.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEARNING INTEREST AND SELF-DISCIPLINE ON ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT (CASE STUDY ACADEMY OF ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT STUDENTS)
Authors: Sunardi Andhina Ika , Lutfi Nafisatul , Maelana Herman Wahyu Dwi
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of interest in learning and self-discipline on English learning achievement of second semester students of the Yogyakarta Administrative Management Academy (AMAYO). Research hypotheses: 1) It is suspected that there is a significant effect of interest in learning on learning achievement in English. 2) it is suspected that there is a significant effect of self-discipline on learning achievement in English. 3) it is suspected that there is a significant influence of interest in learning and self-discipline simultaneously on achievement in learning English. The research was conducted by survey method. The population is second semester AMAYO students for the 2021/2022 academic year with a sample size of 77 students. By testing using multiple linear regression techniques. The results of hypothesis testing obtained the following conclusions: 1) There is a significant effect of interest in learning on English learning achievement of AMAYO students, that tcount (5.426) > ttable (1.6654); 2) There is a significant effect of self-discipline on English learning achievement of AMAYO students, that tcount (5,633) > ttable (1,6654); and 3) There is a significant effect of simultaneous interest in learning and self-discipline on AMAYO students' learning achievement in English, that Fcount (82,125) > ftable (3.158). The regression equation obtained is as follows Y = 2,935 + 0,579X1 + 0,627X2.
IMPROVING STUDENTS' VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE THROUGH RACE TO THE BOARD GAME FOR ESP (ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES)
Authors: Chotimah Chusnul , Astiyandha Tauricha
Published: January 2023

The importance of vocabulary learning to knowledge English language and cannot be denied. Vocabulary is one of crucial parts to be mastered if someone wants to communicate in English precisely. In line with it, one of the medias used in EFL Classroom to learn vocabulary of English is Race to The Board for ESP. The purpose of this research was to improve students’ vocabulary knowledge by using Race to the Board game for ESP in the Class XI accounting students of SMK Hutama. The method used in this research was Classroom Action Research which consists of Planning, Acting, Observing, and Reflecting. The participants of this research were the eleventh-grade accounting students at SMK Hutama consist of 32 students. The result of this research showed that using Run to the Board Language Games for ESP can be very effective and useful in facilitating the teaching or learning of English vocabulary for the students.
Administration et Personnel au Protodynastique : la gestion des céréales
Authors: Florès Jérémie
Published: January 2023

Cet article se concentre sur l’étude des sources inscrites relatives à la gestion des céréales depuis le début de la Ire dynastie jusqu’à la fin de la IIIe dynastie. L’administration centrale est représentée par les institutions snw. t et pr-sna. Celles-ci démontrent la volonté de contrôler les ressources en céréales sur un vaste territoire. Pour ce faire, la couronne nomme des exécutants, des intermédiaires et une haute hiérarchie. Aux côtés de l’administration centrale, il faut aussi compter sur les témoignages émanant d’organisations locales. Le matériel d’Elkab et d’Éléphantine est à ce titre significatif. Il montre qu’un personnel précis et organisé selon un ordre hiérarchique était chargé de veiller à la gestion locale des ressources. Ces contacts entre l’administration centrale et les administrations locales ont dû aider la couronne à étendre son contrôle sur un nombre grandissant de centres de productions d’une part, et favoriser le renforcement des élites locales d’autre part. La fin de la IIe dynastie-début IIIe dynastie est certainement une étape majeure de ce processus, mais des indices plus compliqués à interpréter pourraient témoigner de contacts avancés de nature économique dès la Ire dynastie.
The Early Hieroglyphic Inscription at el-Khawy
Authors: Coleman Darnell John
Published: January 2023

During surveys of the northern hinterland of the region of Elkab, in May of 2017 the Elkab Desert Survey Project (of Yale University and the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels) discovered a rock art and inscription site near the modern village of el-Khawy. The site comprises three major sections, with the images and inscriptions thus far identified dating from the Naqada I Period through the Old Kingdom. A prominent feature of the site is a large scale early hieroglyphic inscription datable to early Dynasty 0 (with the closest palaeographic parallels from Tomb U-j), revealing an early monumental use of the nascent script, indicating a politico-religious use of hieroglyphs already during their earliest period of use, and demonstrating a broader geographic reach for the script than surviving and thus far recognized examples have suggested.
Égypte, Afrique, Sahara : arts rupestres et mythologies
Authors: Le Quellec Jean-Loïc
Published: January 2023

Dès la découverte des images rupestres sahariennes, la question de leur possible relation avec l’iconographie et les mythes de l’Égypte antique a été posée. Après plus d’un siècle et demi de débats, il est très difficile d’affirmer l’existence de points communs précisément reconnaissables dans l’iconographie, même si l’existence d’une origine très ancienne, et en certains cas spécifiquement africaine, reste très probable pour certains mythèmes.
La faune prédynastique est-elle « africaine » ?
Authors: Lesur Joséphine
Published: January 2023

Natural remnants of cultural practices, the animal bones of Predynastic Egypt illustrate the complex relationships between man and its environment during this period of great change. The reduction in the proportion of African wildlife, in the diet as well as the introduction of domestic animals from the Middle East thus testify of the evolution of landscapes but also of the external influences in the new modes of production that are then emerging. The place of animals in the symbolic and social spheres are also changing. Depicted or sacrificed, some wild species may be seen as symbols of a disappearing African world while herding of some exogenous animals, including probably cattle, takes on an importance that goes far beyond the food framework.
The Lower Egyptian Culture: new perspectives through the lens of ceramic technology
Authors: Bajeot Jade , Roux Valentine
Published: January 2023

This study aims at characterising the pottery tradition of the Lower Egyptian Culture to shed new light on the sociological landscape of the Delta region at the beginning of the 4th millennium BC. The analytical method chosen to address this issue is the chaîne opératoire approach as it proved to be particularly well suited to define the local tradition and differentiate it from other productions in Middle/ Upper Egypt and the Levant. The goal is to set the stage for future studies on its evolution through interactions with neighbouring regions. The results obtained by analysing pottery assemblages from Tell el-Iswid and Tell el-Samara and by comparing them to samples from Tell el-Fara’in/ Buto show the presence of four chaîne opératoires ; a local distinctive one of the Delta predominates and proves to be very different from those of Middle/ Upper Egypt and the Levant. This local tradition was practiced at the domestic level, remained stable over time and testifies to a Lower Egyptian social group made up of communities linked by strong ties.
L’évolution du genre « histoire alternative » dans les littératures russes contemporaines de l’imaginaire
Authors: Goularian Artem
Published: January 2023

The Evolution of Alternative History in Russian Science Fiction.

The production of alternative history has long been a feature of russian science fiction, echoing social debate on the country’s past and the appropriateness of its present-day political structure. The subjects range from the time of troubles to Gorbachev’s perestroika. of greatest interest are the Civil War and World War II. Attempts to revise the past represent attempts to right presumed historical injustice.
Les traditions classiques et les anti-utopies russes contemporaines
Authors: Lanine Boris
Published: January 2023

The classical tradition and the modern Russian dystopian novel.

This article argues that modern Russian dystopian fiction draws upon such wellknown classical texts as ‘ We’ by Evgeny Zamyatin and ‘ 1984’ by George Orwell. In the analysis of modern russian anti-utopian novels by Vladimir Sorokin, Victor Pelevin, Mikhail Yur´ev features of the genre emerge as follows : 1) the impact of a failed utopian project ; 2) a catastrophic event triggers the rise of a new historical order or at least a new order of priorities in envisaging the chronology of events in the past ; 3) an ‘ anti-utopian virus’ is spread by a charismatic protagonist 4) ‘ utopian’ mythology of body 5) the presence of a border between the utopian world and ‘ another’ world ; 6) Big Brother or Benefactor whose presence is felt everywhere ; 7) symbolic representation of devices for maintaining hegemonic control : the ‘ Integral,’ ‘ Mystery Weapon,’ or ‘ Global Shield’ (as in Mikhail Yur´ev’s novel ‘The Third empire’) ; 8) parody and social satire.
La composante ukrainienne des littératures de l’imaginaire dans l’espace postsoviétique
Authors: Logvinenko Natalia
Published: January 2023

Ukrainian Fantastic Fiction in Russian.

The article considers the underpinnings of this genre in mythological, utopian and dystopian writing, historical, humorous and satirical science fiction, alternative history, crypto-story, philosophical thriller, the literary fairy tale, speculative fiction, turbo-realism and horror fiction. Considering the most prominent themes – mysticism and fantasy – the authors surveys the works of Marina and Sergey Dyachenko, Dmitryi Gromov and Oleg Ladyzhenskyi, Andrey Valentinov.
La gourmandise poétique ou les banquets philosophiques de Gavriil Derjavine
Authors: Vatcheva Anguélina
Published: January 2023

The Poetical Glutton : Derzhavin’s Philosophical Banquets.

this paper focuses on the poetic still lives of the great russian poet of the late 18th – early 19th century Gavrila derzhavin. derzhavin was among the first people in russia to show interest to this specific genre, long before it became popular in russian art. the poet’s famous depictions of food and friendly banquets conveyed a specific philosophical message. they expressed derzhavin’s reflections on the meaning of life and the inevitability of death, on the search of pleasure and the price of friendship. While they often appeared as parts of wider poems, especially in derzhavin’s grand “ apologetic” odes, these still lives also appeared as independant texts. they were highly picturesque, particularly when describing russian national food. Famous for their sophisticated use of color, derzhavin’s still lives also served as a laboratory for the poet’s experiments with poetic langage.
Portrait du Voyageur en mangeur sensible : nourriture et pratiques de consommation dans les parties allemande et suisse des Lettres d’un voyageur russe de Nikolaï Karamzine
Authors: Baudin Rodolphe
Published: January 2023

Portrait of the Traveler at the Dinner Table : Food in the German and Swiss Parts of Karamzin’s Letters of a Russian Traveler.

As I have shown in a previous study, the French and british parts of Karamzin’s

Letters of a Russian Traveler resort to the description of food primarily to depict national identities and to address political issues. the German and Swiss parts of the texts, which I explore in the present paper, mostly use it to characterize the new type of individual promoted by russian sentimentalism : the man of feeling. the study of the russian traveler’s food habits in Germany and Switzerland shows his endorsement of values such as moderation and cosmopolitism, as well as his taste for all things natural and his sense of sharing. It also reveals his sense of unobtrusive sophistication. these values are instrumental in defining the middle class russian nobility, whose distinctive values are popularized by Letters of a Russian Traveler.
La nourriture au service de la littérature : le banquet d’inauguration du monument à Karamzine à Simbirsk en 1845
Authors: Sapchenko Lioubov
Published: January 2023

Celebrating Literature with Food : The Inauguration Banquet for Karamzin’s Monument in Simbirsk in 1845.

the present paper analyzes the reference to food in Mikhail Pogodin’s depiction of the banquet given by the nobility of Simbirsk on the occasion of the inauguration of the monument to nikolay Karamzin in 1845. After reminding how the different genres of classical poetry deal with the depiction of food, particularly with fish, the author shows how Pogodin used the specific features of the odic tradition, from the hyperbole to the enthusiastic tone, in his depiction of the Simbirsk banquet.