bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovascular reflux-elimination of perforating veins by RFITT and foam sclerotherapy
Authors: Duben J. , Gatek J. , Saha T. , Hnatkova G. , Hnatek L.
Published: February 2015

Introduction: During the last years, many endovascular techniques have been developed in order to eliminate not only the reflux in stem veins but in perforating veins and their tributaries, too.

Aim: The aim of this study was to use endo -vascular RFITT and the foam sclerotherapy for the occlusion of perforating veins as the prime source of reflux and their tributaries.

Material and Methods: The Celon method was used for the thermal treatment. Polydocalon with the concentration 1% and 2% with DSS technique was used for the foam sclerotherapy. The RFITT was accomplished in 127 perforating veins in total. This group was divided into three subgroups. The first one consists of patients where only RFITT was carried out (n= 41), in the second, there were patients with RFITT realized with sclerotherapy during one session (n= 48), in the third, RFITT was completed with sclerotherapy in one month after the RFITT intervention (n= 38). The control group included perforating veins treated only with sclerotherapy (n= 81). The power setting 6W was used on the generator during the RFITT with CelonProSurge micro and 18W for usage of Celon ProCurve probe.

Results: The effectiveness of the procedure in the group 1 was 8.8%, in the group two 93.7%, in the group three 92.1% and in the control group 76.5% in one year follow up. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness in groups 1, 2 and 3. The marginal difference was among all three groups with RFITT and the control group. Significant differences were in the parameter of the extinction of visible varicose veins with the reflux from perforators. The extinction was faster in group 3 than in group 2 and in the control group and the slowest was in group 1. The significant difference was observed between groups 2 and 3 compared with group 1 and the margin difference was between groups 2 and 3 compared with the control group. No significant difference was observed between groups 1 and the control group.

Conclusions: All procedures are effective. The most important is the combination of RFITT and the sclerotherapy one month after thermal intervention. This is associated with a low risk of recanalization and the fastest extinction of visible varicose veins.
Housing a modernisation agenda: ensuring authentic academic learning environments for healthcare assistants
Authors: Hayes Catherine , Garfield Iain , Beardmore Philip
Published: February 2015

This article is written both for facilitators of HCA education, as well as for HCAs who might be encountering the notion of authentic physical learning spaces for the first time, or who have as yet not recognised the significance of how and where students learn in relation to the application of theoretical knowledge.

As the HCA workforce moves towards professional regulation, with the imminent arrival of the Care Certificate ( Health Education England et al, 2015 ), the consideration of appropriate physical learning environments is a fundamental part of educational provision.

In optimal academic learning environments, emphasis is placed directly on the need to frame and define learning in the midst of patient-centred care and interprofessional working, both clinically and academically.

Authentic physical learning environments underpin the credibility of academic provision and this article showcases the modernisation of the sciences complex at the University of Sunderland, where educational focus remains firmly rooted in the potential employability of students and the credibility of the academic awards validated by the institution. In conjunction with on-campus provision of learning opportunity, work placement and work-based learning also represent a means of situating and framing educational provision at the front line of patient care.
The first flowers of springtime
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: February 2015

When incorporating British values into your planning, some themes appear to lend themselves better than others, however, values can be explored in every topic.
Flag up some historic themes
Authors: Sargent Marianne
Published: February 2015

In this extract from Planning for Learning Through Pirates [Practical Pre-School Books] we explore activities based on the foundation stage areas of learning, with a Jolly Roger theme.
East of England looks ahead to the future of health visiting
Authors: Murphy Madeleine
Published: February 2015

At the third annual health visitor celebration event hosted by Anglia Ruskin University and Health Education East of England, speakers focused on the opportunities for newly qualified health visitors as the profession moves on from the implementation plan.
The impact of inequalities
Authors: Forbes Lisa
Published: February 2015

Learning about the health visitor's role in building community capacity has led Lisa Forbes to consider her personal convictions and ideology, and establish how her principles fit with her responsibilities as a public health practitioner.
Powerful perceptions
Authors: Bailey Beverley
Published: February 2015

Based on her experience from practice, Bev Bailey suggests that understanding how others view the world, and their own place in it, can have an impact on health visiting.
Would financial rewards encourage mothers to breastfeed their babies?
Authors: Robb Yvonne
Published: February 2015

There is a great deal of evidence that breastfeeding is best for babies, and the World Health Organization (2013) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. However, breastfeeding rates in the UK remain low. In recent years, initiatives that offer financial incentives to encourage mothers to breastfeed have been proposed and trialled. This article considers breastfeeding promotion schemes and other health-related incentive-based interventions, in an attempt to assess the effectiveness of offering financial incentives to breastfeed and whether this has the potential to increase the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding. There is evidence to suggest that healthy lifestyle changes have been achieved by offering incentives and, while rewards are provided for achievement of a particular goal, they can also act as a reason to both initiate and continue a particular behaviour. If effective, such intervention could lead to an increase in breastfeeding rates and the way in which breastfeeding is perceived by society. More research is needed to establish whether this is a suitable approach to breastfeeding promotion.
Disparities in Acute Stroke Care: Role of Race and Insurance Status
Authors: Romero José R. , Lau Helena , Winter Michael R. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Kase Carlos S. , Babikian Viken L.
Published: February 2015

Background: Minorities constitute groups with higher risk of stroke and stroke severity. Disparities in stroke care may result from greater prevalence of risk factors, barriers to medical care, and lower utilization of preventive therapies. Insurance status may be one limiting factor in access to care and preventive measures.

Purpose: We hypothesize that vascular risk factors differ between racial groups and that insurance status may affect stroke treatment, secondary prevention measures, stroke severity, and outcomes.

Methods: We included 1061 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke (2005-2008) in our local Get-With-The-Guidelines (GWTG) database. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relation of race and insurance status to risk factors, intravenous thrombolytic therapy (IV-tPA) use, stroke severity (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]), hospital complications, and ambulatory status at discharge.

Results: Whites were older than Non-Whites (mean age 65 vs 62 years, p<0.001), and had higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and carotid stenosis (p<0.01). Non-whites were more likely to have hypertension and diabetes (p<0.01), peripheral arterial disease (p<0.05), and be uninsured (p<0.001). More IV-tPA was used in insured patients (24 vs 2). Blacks and other groups were more likely to be discharged on antihypertensive treatment (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.6, and OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.1-13.4 respectively, p=0.04). Blacks were more likely to be discharged on lipid lowering treatment than Whites (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.4-8.6, p=0.02). There were no significant differences on hospital complications, ambulatory status on discharge or discharge location.

Conclusion: Data at this safety-net hospital suggests racial disparities in stroke risk factors and insurance status, both of which are potential targets for prevention of stroke. Follow up studies are required to clarify the role of universal insurance coverage in reduction of stroke risk and its complications.
A Prospective Audit of Inpatient Medical Oncology Consultation Patterns in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in South Australia
Authors: Joshi Rohit , Hocking Christopher , O’Neill Siobhan , Singhal Nimit , Kee Michelle , Keefe Dorothy M.
Published: February 2015

Objectives: Given the expanding role of medical oncology practice, with increasing therapeutic options for those with advanced malignancy, we sought to document the population of patients receiving inpatient medical oncology consultation. The aim of the study was to document patterns of inpatient referral to medical oncology in order to better understand service needs. We looked to define the relative frequency of cancer types, stage and treatment recommendations.

Design: A large prospective clinical audit was undertaken between January 2005 and January 2007.

Settings: The audit was conducted at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, a major tertiary referral hospital.

Participants: During the two year study period 1,173 consecutive inpatient referrals for medical oncology consultations were included in this analysis.

Main Outcome Measures: Information was collected regarding patient demographics, referral unit, cancer diagnosis and stage, treatment recommendations and follow-up plans.

Results: The most common referral units were General Medicine (19.8%) and Thoracic medicine (15%). The most common primary sites of cancer were lung (22.6%), colorectal (14.9%), primary brain tumours (9.6%) and head and neck (9.3%). The clear majority of patients had Stage 4 disease (80%) and were thus incurable in most cases. Chemotherapy was recommended in 43.7% of patients, chemo-radiation in 12.6% of patients, radiotherapy alone in 16.9% of patients and best supportive care in 24.1% of patients.

Conclusions: This large prospective clinical audit defines the population of patients referred for inpatient medical oncology consultation at our tertiary hospital. Cancer patients are being cared for by a wide variety of non-cancer specialists. The majority of patients have advanced, non-curable disease but anticancer therapy is provided to most with the intention of prolonging survival and maintaining quality of life.
Utilization, Outcomes and Costs of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Italy: A Population-Based Analysis Using Healthcare Administrative Databases
Authors: Madotto Fabiana , Fornari Carla , Chiodini Virginio , Mantovani Lorenzo G , Boriani Giuseppe , Conti Sara , Cesana Giancarlo
Published: February 2015

Introduction: The high cost of treatment with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) requires continuous monitoring of its real effectiveness and appropriateness. The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological and economic impacts of ICD therapy in Lombardy, the most populated Italian region. Materials and Methods: We extracted data from DENALI, a data warehouse that organizes healthcare administrative databases concerning about ten million people covered by the Lombardy Health System (LHS). We estimated annual rates of first implant and of first replacement from 2000 to 2008. The cohort of patients who underwent a first ICD implantation between 2005 and 2007 was followed from discharge to December 31, 2008 in order to evaluate mean annual total healthcare cost per-capita, mortality and device replacement. Results: We identified 12,732 first implants and 4,833 replacements performed from 2000 to 2008 and we estimated the annual rates: first ICD implants increased from 55 to 236 (per million person-years), and the first replacement rates increased with a peak in 2005. A first ICD implantation cost €23,934 (standard deviation 4,986) on average and the LHS bore a further mean annual cost of €5,760 (95% confidence interval 5,592-5,931) percapita during follow-up: 17% due to drugs, 12% to outpatient visits and 71% to hospitalizations. Conclusions: The results confirm the increase in ICD utilization in Italy, especially in the Lombardy region, and its high economic burden. Age and comorbidities of ICD recipients should be considered in assessing care since they influence survival outcome. Moreover, this study shows how healthcare administrative databases could be useful to understand the impact of a health intervention in large unselected populations.
Uses and abuses of history: A case of a Comme des Garçons fashion show
Authors: Zborowska Agata
Published: February 2015

The 1995 Comme des Garçons fashion show, Sleep, provoked widespread controversy in media commentary at the time. The author analyses the origins and consequences of the censorship that resulted in the collection not only physically disappearing, but also in almost all of its traces having been eliminated. This study attempts to show how visual materials were reinterpreted through different media using a few photographs from the show and documentary materials from Auschwitz concentration camp. Discussing the Comme des Garçons case, the author refers to Michel Foucault’s notion of discourse to demonstrate how interpretations proliferated and changed during the period following the show. Most importantly, it shows how memory operates depending on the context: not only how images may be evoked by clothing, but also practically constructed by it. This article recalls that blue-and-white striped pyjamas are an iconic image: often used in popular culture – such as film – they became a widely recognized image of prisoners in Auschwitz concentration camp. Finally, to situate the Comme des Garçons fashion show in a broader context, the article refers to the ‘Nazi-chic’ phenomena, meaning a style referring to images of Nazi Germany.
Historické mapy v prostředí mapového serveru
Authors: Cajthaml Jiří
Published: February 2015

Tento příspěvek se zabývá možnostmi zobrazování historických map na internetu. Tyto mapy často leží v archivech, kde jsou pro běžné uživatele těžko přístupné. V souvislosti s rozvojem informačních technologií dochází nyní k převodu map do digitální podoby a jejich archivaci na digitálních médiích. Současná techniologie jde však ještě dál. Data mohou být publikována na internetu. Tam mohou být velice jednoduše k dispozici všem, jak odborníkům tak laikům. Kromě toho, že mohou být data na internetu prohlížena, s nástupem webových služeb je nyní možné data distribuovat mezi různými aplikacemi. Webové mapové služby jsou budoucností webové kartografie. Můj konkrétní ukázkový projekt souvisí s daty II. vojenského mapování Rakouska-Uherska (1819-1858). Tato data jsem publikoval pomocí mapového serveru na internetu. Data jsou volně přístupná a to nejen pro prohlížení, ale jsou i distribuována pomocí služby WMS.
MapServer vs. Mapserver
Authors: Čepický Jáchym , Procházka David , Machalová Jitka
Published: February 2015

Můžeme říci, že mapy prožívají díky moderním technologiím svou renesanci. Díky aplikacím, jako je Google Maps či Seznam-Mapy mohou uživatelé sítě náhle pracovat s geoinformacemi způsobem, na jaký doposud nebyli zvyklí - a tento nový způsob je baví.Pro vytvoření obrázku mapy, který je buď zobrazen v GISu nebo v okně prohlížeče je potřeba mít stroj odpovídajícího výkonu a programové vybavení schopné takový obrázek vytvořit.Tento článek se snaží pomoci nalézt odpověď na otázku ,,Jaký mapový server je pro má data nejvhodnější?``.
Špecifické aspekty spracovania geodetických sietí použitím programu SoNet
Authors: Kováč Marián , Hefty Ján
Published: February 2015

Článok je zameraný na popis programu na spracovanie geodetických sietí s analyticky definovanýmm matematickým modelom (observačné rovnice definované v programe v symbolickom tvare), čo je najvýraznejšia črta, ktorou sa program odlišuje od súčasných programov na spracovanie geodetických sietí.

Univerzálnost’ programu demonštrujeme na príklade spracovania viacepochovej geodetickej siete. Spracovanie bolo uskutočnené vo forme prípadových štúdií od elementárnej kombinácie meraní GPS s uvážením kovariančných matíc, až po spoločné spracovanie terestrických observácí a GPS s uvážením časových zmien a transformačných parametrov v spoločnom matematickom modeli.
Motivace pro nasazení Free Software GIS ve výuce geoinformatiky
Authors: Landa Martin
Published: February 2015

Cílem tohoto příspěvku je prezentovat využití svobodného softwaru při výuce na studijním oboru Geodézie a kartografie ČVUT v Praze a především motivaci pokračovat v tomto trendu při výuce geoinformatiky a to v souvislosti s novým oborem na ČVUT - Geoinformatikou. Současně jsou v textu nastíněny základní aspekty výuky GIS s důrazem na volně šiřitelné nástroje a geoprostorová data. Na závěr jsou zmíněny praktické zkušenosti s nasazením svobodného softwaru na cvičeních k předmětu Zpracování obrazových dat.
Issues of GIS data management
Authors: Richta Tomáš
Published: February 2015

The paper deals with current issues of spatial data modelling and management used by spatial management applications. As a case study for explaining the problem, we use comparison of two main groups of software tools covering this area GIS and CAD systems - and the posibilities of their integration. Studying its functionality, we have found two main problematic issues. The first of them is the density distribution characteristics of stored data according to described area. CAD systems are oriented towards modeling individual man-made objects and structures with relatively high level of detail, so the data stored covers small areas with huge amount of information. On the other side GIS applications maintain large-scale models of real world with significantly lower amount of detail. Here the density distribution of data coverage is better balanced. So the combination of described different densities is the first problem. The second watched issue is the way of storing spatial data. While CAD data are usually stored in individual files (like DXF, IGES), GIS data tend to be stored in files or realtional databases. The question we see is, if it is possible to store CAD data along with GIS data in the same database in spite of different distribution densities and different data models. Our paper describes ways of solving this problem.
My experience from CVUT
Authors: Herstad Sigbjørn
Published: February 2015

Through this paper I will try to describe both my background and my study- period in Prague.
Využití systému Galileo ve stavebním inženýrství
Authors: Mervart Leoš
Published: February 2015

Využití systému Galileo ve stavebním inženýrství
Ukázka možnosti využití programu OpenJUMP v SOA
Authors: Prager Martin
Published: February 2015

Tento krátký článek by měl poukázat prostřednictvím vytvořené extenze na možnosti širokého uplatnění open-source produktu OpenJUMO (dříve JUMP) a jeho modularitu. A to konkrétně v oblasti servisně orientované architektury (SOA) se zaměřenín na řetězení webových služeb.
Scientia Est Potentia Welcome Words
Authors: Večeře Karel
Published: February 2015

Opening word for FIG Commission 2 Symposium, Prague, Czech Republic, 7-9 June 2007
GAL Framework
Authors: Bartoň Radek , Hrubý Martin
Published: February 2015

GAL (GIS or GRASS? Abstraction Layer) Framework is meant to be multiplatform OpenSource library with certain tools and subsidiary daemons for easy implementation of distributed modules for GIS GRASS in static or dynamic programming languages. This article aims to present some ideas behind this library and bait a fresh meat for this project since its complexity needs more spread development team not just single person. Project homepage can be found at http://gal-framework.no-ip.org.
GUI development for GRASS GIS
Authors: Landa Martin
Published: February 2015

This article discusses GUI development for GRASS GIS. Sophisticated native GUI for GRASS is one of the key points (besides the new 2D/3D raster library, vector architecture improvements, etc.) for the future development of GRASS. In 2006 the GRASS development team decided to start working on the new generation of GUI instead of improving the current GUI based on Tcl/Tk.
Freeware for GIS and Remote Sensing
Authors: Halounová Lena
Published: February 2015

Education in remote sensing and GIS is based on software utilization. The software needs to be installed in computer rooms with a certain number of licenses. The commercial software equipment is therefore financially demanding and not only for universities, but especially for students. Internet research brings a long list of free software of various capabilities. The paper shows a present state of GIS, image processing and remote sensing free software.
The importance of computational geometry for digital cartography
Authors: Bayer Tomáš
Published: February 2015

This paper describes the use of computational geometry concepts in the digital cartography.  It presents an importance of 2D geometric structures, geometric operations and procedures for automated or semi automated simplification process. This article is focused on automated building simplification procedures, some techniques are illustrated and discussed. Concrete examples with the requirements to the lowest time complexity, emphasis on the smallest area enclosing rectangle, convex hull or self intersection procedures, are given. Presented results illustrate the relationship of digital cartography and computational geometry.
Projekt OpenStreetMap z pohledu geoinformatika
Authors: Bárta Daniel
Published: February 2015

This article discusses conditions suitable for creation of open-licensed geographic data, distinguishes different levels of opennes. It focuses the OpenStreetMap community project, which has the aim to create and provide free geographic data. This paper gives a brief insight to the project, presents its key features and its history.

Práce pojednává o podmínkách vhodných pro vytváření geodat se svobodnou licencí, rozlišuje různou úroveň jejich otevřenosti. Dále se zaměřuje na komunitní projekt OpenStreetMap, který vytváří a udržuje svobodná geografická data. Poskytuje prvotní náhled na projekt, seznamuje s jeho klíčovými vlastnostmi a vývojem.
Dynamic object-oriented geospatial modeling
Authors: Richta Tomáš , Hrubý Martin
Published: February 2015

Published literature about moving objects (MO) simplifies the problem to the representation and storage of moving points, moving lines, or moving regions. The main insufficiency of this approach is lack of MO inner structure and dynamics modeling – the autonomy of moving agent. This paper describes basics of the object-oriented geospatial methodology for modeling complex systems consisting of agents, which move within spatial environment. The main idea is that during the agent movement, different kinds of connections with other moving or stationary objects are established or disposed, based on some spatial constraint satisfaction or nonfulfilment respectively. The methodology is constructed with regard to following two main conditions – 1) the inner behavior of agents should be represented by any formalism, e.g.  Petri net, finite state machine, etc., and 2) the spatial characteristic of environment should be supplied by any information system, that is able to store defined set of spatial types, and support defined set of spatial operations. Finally, the methodology is demonstrated on simple simulation model of tram transportation system.
Future of Open Source systems
Authors: Charvát Karel
Published: February 2015

Software distribution strategies have many aspects and can be analysed by reviewing different incisions of a strategy. The focus of this paper is on Licensing aspect involves licensing strategy, licensing risks, licensing enforcement costs. Furthermore, by formulating licensing strategy main technical and logistical aspects are predicted also. The key issues of this paper are different business modes for FOSS software and also SWOT analysis of usage and development of FOSS software from point of view of different user groups. This analysis was provided as part of work of Humboldt IP and collaborative@rural IP. Currently this strategy are important issue of members of Czech Centre for Science and Society and WirelessInfo Living Lab, where the models based on dual licensing are key strategy.Keywords: Open Source, Licensing, FOSS base business models. SWOT analysis, Knowledge society, Knowledge economy
Web Service Based on GeoTools in The Atlas of Fire Protection
Authors: Růžička Jan
Published: February 2015

The paper describes a simple way of a systems integration based on SOAP web services.  The systems integration described in the paper is covered by a system named The atlas of a fire protection. The atlas is a set of dynamically created maps published in WWW browser.  Technologies used for the solution are UMN MapServer, ArcIMS, PHP, GeoTools and Axis.  GeoTools and Axis are used for building platform and programming language independent component for the atlas. The paper describes a software architecture used for the atlas and a role of a web service in the integration.
Localization of selected FOSS4G desktop packages – state and some remarks
Authors: Nowotarska Milena , Szczepanek Robert , Pachół Piotr
Published: February 2015

Free and open source software pretends to be easy to use for anyone. To accomplish that goal localization seems to be a must. Localization tools and state of localization for different FOSS4G packages are presented. Based on Polish GRASS, QGIS and gvSIG localization experiences, some proposals from the translator’s point of view are outlined.
Testing Metadata Existence of Web Map Services
Authors: Růžička Jan
Published: February 2015

For a general user is quite common to use data sources available on WWW. Almost all GIS software allow to use data sources available via Web Map Service (ISO/OGC standard) interface. The opportunity to use different sources and combine them brings a lot of problems that were discussed many times on conferences or journal papers. One of the problem is based on non existence of metadata for published sources. The question was: were the discussions effective? The article is partly based on comparison of situation for metadata between years 2007 and 2010. Second part of the article is focused only on 2010 year situation. The paper is created in a context of research of intelligent map systems, that can be used for an automatic or a semi-automatic map creation or a map evaluation.
Usability Testing Of Web Mapping Portals
Authors: Voldán Petr
Published: February 2015

This study presents a usability testing as method, which can be used to improve controlling of web map sites. Study refers to the basic principles of this method and describes particular usability tests of mapping sites. In this paper are identified potential usability problems of web sites: Amapy.cz, Google maps and Mapy.cz. The usability testing was focused on problems related with user interfaces, addresses searching and route planning of the map sites.
Sibutramine: Myths and Realities
Authors: Galieva Marina Olegovna , Ershova Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Komshilova Ksenya Andreevna
Published: February 2015

The paper presents data from competent drug controlling agencies form Russia, United States, Europe and other regions, comments on the main serious misconceptions of sibutramine-containing medicines, discusses the prerequisites for the analysis of the situation with sibutramine that initiated a SCOUT study, analyzes the history of sibutramine-containing drug Meridia. The results of observational research programs carried out in Russia (completed – "VESNA" and continued – "Primavera") are discussed in relation to the efficacy and safety of sibutramine-containing drug Reduxine for the target audience patients.
Enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery – a modern approach
Authors: Khatsiev Bekkhan Bayalovich , Kuzminov Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Yashkov Yuriy Ivanovich , Uzdenov Nauruz Akhmatovich
Published: February 2015

Guidelines for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) are widely used and their efficiency was clearly demonstrated by numerous studies. Number of publications on this topic in bariatric surgery is significantly lower compared with other fields of surgery. However, the data accumulated allow to compose recommendations based on studies with high level of evidence. Authors review existing methods of enhanced recovery in their implementation into bariatric surgery. Enhanced recovery methods can be used to optimize all stages of perioperative care and include data on preoperative preparation, maintenance of electrolyte balance, prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting, sufficient analgesia and safe discharge form hospital. Suggested guidelines for bariatric surgery are implied to be used by a multidisciplinary team.
Effects of bariatric surgery on the level of hormones that regulate body weight. What is the basis of success?
Authors: Babenko Alina Yur'evna , Neymark Aleksandr Evgen'evich , Anisimova Kristina Aleksandrovna , Grineva Elena Nikolaevna Elena Nikolaevna Nikolaevna
Published: February 2015

The growth of obesity and type 2 diabetes incidence has made bariatric surgery a widespread method of treatment. The effectiveness of bariatricoperations in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases is thoroughly highlighted in medical literature. However, the resultsof surgery do not always correlate with type of operation. As before, the mechanisms have not been fully studied of how the bariatric surgeryinfluence on insulinresistance, entero-insulin axes, adipokines. Understanding such mechanisms will allow us to determine more precisely theindications relating to surgical treatment, and enhance the effectiveness of surgery in specific patient. The review is focusing on the influence ofvarious types of bariatric surgery on the level of adipokines and incretines that participate in regulation of appetite and of fat and carbohydratemetabolism. The article elaborates modern concepts related to the impact of bariatric operations on metabolic disorders in obesity.
Influence of weight loss on the clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis of the knee-joints.
Authors: Solov'eva Inna Vladimirovna , Strebkova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Alekseeva Lyudmila Ivanovna , Mkrtumyan Ashot Musaelovich
Published: February 2015

Obesity consistently associated with the development of a number of chronic diseases, leading to a decrease in quality of life, disability and death. The article examines the connection between obesity and disease of the musculoskeletal system, describes the mechanisms by means of which obesity leads to the development of osteoarthritis. It is evident that reduction of body mass can slow the progression of osteoporosis. The own experience of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment of obesity with the use of orlistat in 50 obese patients with osteoarthritis of the knee II–III stage is presented. Treatment has resulted in a decrease in body weight, waist circumference, accompanied by a decrease in symptoms osteoarthritis among all the patients. Our results showed that the addition of orlistat to standard osteoarthritis scheme leads to significant reduction in weight and reduction of clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis. According to the above, the drugs that have impact on weight loss, should be included in the treatment regimen of patients with osteoarthritis and obesity.
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea as a complication of ACTH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma in a patient with morbid obesity
Authors: Petrova Dar'ya Viktorovna , Dzeranova Laris Konstantinovna , Grigoriev Andrey Yurievich , Ivashchenko Oksana Vladimirovna , Lapshina Anastasia Mikhailovna , Vorontsov Aleksandr Valerievich
Published: February 2015

Cushing's disease (CD) is a progressive neuroendocrine disease caused by a pituitary tumor producing excessive amounts of ACTH. In most cases (80-85%) the cause of the disease is a pituitary corticotroph microadenomas (located within the sella, measuring 3–10 mm, rarely multiple microadenomas) and only 15% of cases are presented as corticotroph hyperplasia or pituitary macroadenoma extending beyond the sella. The macroadenomas in CD usually extend suprasellar (10%), infrasellar tumor growth is relatively rare (5%). If the clinical picture is subtle, the symptoms are caused by the development "mass effect" of the tumor as it propagates to the surrounding pituitary structures. Suprasellar growth leads to compression of the optic chiasm with narrowing of visual fields, infrasellar growth destructs the bottom of the sella turcica and may cause nasal cerebrospinal fluid leak, which is dangerous due depressurization of the cranial cavity and its communication with environmental pathogens, development of life-threatening conditions such as meningitis, meningoencephalitis, ventriculitis. Leading life-threatening complications of the CD are infectious and cardiovascular. But in the case of nasal liquorrhea with expansion of the tumor in sphenoid sinus with destruction of the bottom of the sella, there is an immediate threat to the life of the patient. This article presents an example of a patient with morbid obesity and lack of specific clinical manifestations of CD, in whom the diagnosis of disease CD was made on the results of laboratory and instrumental examination, which experienced a spontaneous nasal cerebrospinal fluid leak.
Potential of rod, sphere and semi-cube shaped gold nanoparticles to induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human blood lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Abo-Zeid Mona A.M. , Liehr Thomas , Gamal-Eldeen Amira M. , Zawrah Mahmoud , Ali Mostafa , Othman Moneeb A.K.
Published: February 2015

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are intended to be used in nanomedicine. Due to nanotechnology innovation GNPs of variable sizes and in different shapes including rods, spheres, cubes, etc., can easily be produced. The aim of the present studies was to evaluate the cyto-and genotoxicity inducible by different shaped GNPs on normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Four different shapes of GNPs including big rod GNPs (BR-GNPs, 50 nm), small rod GNPs (SR-GNPs, 30 nm), sphere GNPs (S-GNPs, 15 nm) and semi-cube GNPs (SC-GNPs, 15 nm) were studied. Cultured human blood lymphocytes were treated with different concentrations of these GNPs for 24 h in vitro. Cytotoxicity was evaluated based on the mitotic index (MI), while genotoxicity was studied by an interphase-fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) assay. The following genes were studied in I-FISH:

The lowest concentration of BR-GNPs neither had an effect mitotic activity nor enhanced gain or loss of examined gene signals in a significant manner with I-FSH. Other concentrations of BR-GNPs, SR-GNPs, S-GNPs and SC-GNPs with all concentrations inhibited the mitotic activity of the cells and reduced the cell proliferation highly significantly. The different types of GNPs initiated the duplication of

GNPs at high concentration can reduce the cell proliferation and induce DNA damage. Low concentration of rod-shaped GNPs at 50 nm was safe on human lymphocytes. Further research studies are required to optimize the concentration, shape and size of GNPs before using them in nanomedicine.
When information sharing becomes an event: An example of Private-Public Film Screenings
Authors: Davis Sara , Greifeneder Elke
Published: February 2015

Private-Public Screenings ist ein neuer Ansatz des Filmvertriebs, in den es vor allem darum geht, Menschen zu verbinden. Bei diesem Ansatz erhalten Privatpersonen gratis Zugang zum Film und werden gleichzeitig eingeladen, die Filmvorführung für andere zu öffnen, so dass das Teilen von Information zu einer sozialen Aktivität wird. Diese Studie untersuchte inwieweit diese Veranstaltungen tatsächlich offen sind, indem erfasst wurde, ob und inwieweit die Gastgeber der Filmvorführungen diese für Fremde geöffnet haben. Ergebnisse eines Fragebogens unter 135 Gastgebern des vergangenen Private-Public Screenings zeigen, dass Menschen in der Tat ihre eigenen Wohnungen für Fremde geöffnet haben, um gemeinsam selbst ein Ereignis um einen Film herum zu schaffen.
Anforderungen und Verhalten junger Nutzer bei der Informationssuche – Ein Überblick
Authors: Gossen Tatiana , Kotzyba Michael , Nürnberger Andreas
Published: February 2015

Um Kinder bei der Informationssuche angemessen unterstützen zu können, muss ihr Entwicklungsstand – und die damit verbundenen speziellen Bedürfnisse und Fähigkeiten – beim Design von Informationssystemen berücksichtigt werden. Existierende Systeme sind meist speziell für die Zielgruppe erwachsener Nutzer konzipiert und berücksichtigen somit nicht die besonderen Bedürfnisse der stark wachsenden Gruppe junger Nutzer, die heutzutage immer früher mit Informationssystemen in Kontakt kommt. In diesem Artikel fassen wir die Ergebnisse aktueller Arbeiten und Studien im Bereich der Informationssuche von jungen Nutzern zusammen. Anschießend leiten wir Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung von kinderfreundlichen Informationssystemen, u. a. basierend auf eigenen Arbeiten, ab.
Information Behavior – Informationssuche in der Wikipedia
Authors: Knäusl Hanna
Published: February 2015

Die Suche nach Informationen in digitalen Systemen ist für viele Menschen eine Alltagstätigkeit. Dabei treten sehr viele unterschiedliche Situationen auf, in denen eine Suche durchgeführt wird. Diese Situationen haben einen Einfluss auf die jeweilige Relevanz von Inhalten und das Informationsverhalten der Nutzer. Um eine genauere Vorstellung von diesem Einfluss zu bekommen wurden zwei Studien mit Hilfe der Wikipedia durchgeführt, anhand derer das Informationsverhalten der Nutzer in den verschiedenen Situationen beobachtet und ein Zusammenhang zu den jeweiligen Einflussfaktoren hergestellt werden konnte.
Consensus in science
Authors: Stallinga Peter , Khmelinskii Igor
Published: February 2015

The biggest argument in some areas of science is the existence of a consensus. However, on top of it being a non-scientific argument, it is easy to show how a consensus naturally evolves in modern research environments. In this paper we demonstrate analytically and by cellular automata how a consensus is obtained. Important conclusions are that a consensus is not necessarily representing the truth and, once established, can never change anymore.
Plant-derived natural medicines for the management of depression: an overview of mechanisms of action
Authors: Farahani Marzieh Sarbandi , Bahramsoltani Roodabeh , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein , Abdollahi Mohammad , Rahimi Roja
Published: February 2015

Depression is a serious widespread psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 17% of people all over the world. Exploring the neurological mechanisms of the antidepressant activity of plant-derived agents could have a crucial role in developing natural drugs for the management of depression. The aim of the present study is to review the neurological mechanisms of action of antidepressant plants and their constituents. For this purpose, electronic databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, were searched from 1966 to October 2013. The results showed that several molecular mechanisms could be proposed for the antidepressant activity of medicinal plants and their constituents.
L. C. B. O.: An Easy Method to Predict Valence Ionization Energies. Application to Substituted Benzenes
Authors: Modelli Alberto , Distefano Giuseppe
Published: February 2015

The linear combination bond orbitals (L.C.B.0.) MO treatment has been used to reproduce the π ionization energies of several ortho-, meta-and para-disubstituted benzenes. The Coulomb integral of the substituent π orbitals and their resonance integrals with the ring π orbitals have been obtained from the spectra of the corresponding monosubstituted benzenes, using the same procedure for all the compounds under examination. The ring Coulomb integrals have been chosen taking, as an internal standard, the experimental ionization energy value of the π[a2) orbital, non interacting by symmetry in the monosubstituted and in the para-disubstituted compounds.

An application of this simple method to conformational analysis and to electron affinities is also shown.
Electron Diffraction with the Amorphous Alloys Fe80B20 and Mn73Si27
Authors: Paasche F. , Olbrich H. , Rainer-Harbach G. , Lamparter P. , Steeb S.
Published: February 2015

Electron diffraction with amorphous Fe80B20 and Mn73Si27 yields structure factors and pair correlation functions which are discussed together with the results of X-ray- and neutron-diffraction experiments. For Mn73Si27 additional interesting details are revealed. A tetrahedral model for Mn73Si27 is described. Finally we show that the evaluation of partial structure factors by the three beam experiment, i.e. the combination of an electron-, X-ray- and neutron-diffraction experiment is not possible in general.
Crystal Structure and Ligand Mobility in Solution of cis-Dimethyl-bis(trimethylphosphine)gold(III) Complexes
Authors: Schuster Oliver , Schmidbaur Hubert
Published: February 2015

Complexes [Me2Au(PMe3)2]+ X− with X = I and ClO4 have been prepared by several conventional routes in good yields. The products are thermally stable and decompose above 130 °C with reductive elimination of ethane. The two salts crystallize as isomorphous orthorhombic dichloromethane solvates. The cations have the cis-configuration based on a crystallographically imposed C2v symmetry. Owing to the trans influence of the tertiary phosphine ligands the Au-C bonds are significantly shorter than in standard reference cases. The cations are stacked in pairs of columns running parallel to the c axis of the unit cell with the Me2Au units oriented in opposite directions and slightly interlocked. The anions are inserted into the pockets formed by the four Me3P groups of each pair of neighbouring cations in the same column. The large channels between the double columns are filled by the solvent molecules, which could be localized for the perchlorate salt, but were disordered and deficient in the iodide case.
A Molecular Bis(isocyanide)silver(I) Nitrate Complex
Authors: Djordjevic B. , Schuster O. , Schmidbaur H.
Published: February 2015

Bis(p-tolylsulfonylmethylisocyanide)silver nitrate is obtained from the reaction of the isocyanide ligand with silver nitrate in chloroform regardless of the applied ratio of the reactands (1:1 or 2:1). The crystal structure of the product has been determined. In the complex molecule with C2 symmetry, the nitrate anion is attached to the silver center as an η2-chelating ligand. Owing to this approach of the NO3 ligand, the RNC-Ag-CNR axis (R = 4-Me-C6H4-SO2-CH2) is bent [from 180 to 162.1(2)°], but the geometry of the nitrate is not significantly distorted, suggesting only weak coordinative bonding. The structure is thus intermediate between that of a molecular complex with a tetrahedral coordination and that of an ionic compound with linear coordination of the silver center.
Synthese und Kristallstrukturen von Seltenerdmetall-Antimoniden des Palladiums / Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Antimonides of Rare-Earth Metals and Palladium
Authors: Imre Anette , Mewis Albrecht
Published: February 2015

The new compounds Pr3Pd6Sb5 (a = 13.442(3), b = 4.442(1), c = 9.994(2) Å ), Nd3Pd6Sb5 (a = 13.412(3), b = 4.431(1), c = 9.962(2) Å), and Gd3Pd6Sb5 (a = 13.293(2), b = 4.397(1), c = 9.881(2) Å) are isotypic and crystallize with the Ce3Pd6Sb5 type structure (Pmmn; Z = 2). The rare-earth metal atoms are arranged in form of three pseudo-body-centered subcells, whereas Pd and Sb atoms form a three-dimensional arrangement derived from the well-known ThCr2Si2 and CaBe2Ge2 structures. GdPdSb (a = 4.566(1), c = 7.444(1) Å) and DyPdSb (a = 4.545(1), c = 7.354(1) Å) crystallize with an ordered variant of the CaIn2 type structure (P63mc; Z = 2), also called as LiGaGe type, with slightly puckered hexagon nets of Pd and Sb atoms, which trigonally coordinate each other. In this series a decreasing radius of the rare-earth metal allows a tetrahedral non-metal environment of the Pd atoms and accordingly ScPdSb (a = 6.310(1) Å) forms the MgAgAs type structure (F4̄3m; Z = 4), a filled variant of the sphalerite type. The antimonides were prepared by heating mixtures of the elements at 600 °C and subsequent annealing at 900 - 1100 °C. Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray methods.
Phosphine-Substituted Diborane(4)yl Complexes of Tungsten
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Bera Holger , Götz Daniel , Radacki Krzysztof
Published: February 2015

The reaction of the 1,2-dihalodiborane(4) B2(NMe2)2Cl2 with the lithium tungsten salts Li[(η5- C5H5)(R3P)(OC)2W] [R = Me (3a), Ph (3b)] yields via alkali salt elimination the phosphinesubstituted diborane(4)yl tungsten complexes [(η5-C5H5)(R3P)(OC)2W-{B(NMe2)-B(NMe2)Cl}] [R = Me (4a), Ph (4b)]. Both compounds have been fully characterized in solution by NMR and IR spectroscopy and 4a additionally by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Investigation of the Zinc Chloride / Methyl(2-pyridyl)ketone Oxime Reaction System: A Mononuclear Complex and an Inverse 12-Metallacrown-4 Cluster
Authors: Papatriantafyllopoulou Constantina , Raptopoulou Catherine P. , Terzis Aris , Manessi-Zoupa Evy , Perlepes Spyros P.
Published: February 2015

The reactions of methyl(2-pyridyl)ketone oxime, (py)C(Me)NOH, with zinc chloride have been investigated. An excess of the ligand in EtOH/MeCN affords the mononuclear complex [ZnCl2{(py)C(Me)NOH}2] (1) in moderate yield. The metal ion is coordinated by two chloro ligands and two N,N′- chelating (py)C(Me)NOH molecules. The six-coordinate molecule is the ciscis- trans isomer considering the positions of the coordinated chlorine, pyridyl and oxime nitrogen atoms, respectively. The reaction between equimolar quantities of ZnCl2, (py)C(Me)NOH and LiOH·H2O in EtOH/MeCN leads to the tetranuclear cluster [Zn4(OH)2Cl2{(py)C(Me)NO}4] (2) in high yield. The molecule lies on a crystallographic inversion center and has an inverse 12-metallacrown- 4 topology. Two triply bridging hydroxides are accommodated within the metallacrown ring. Each (py)C(Me)NO− ligand adopts the 2.111 coordination mode (Harris notation), chelating one ZnII ion and bridging a ZnII 2 pair. Two metal ions are in a distorted O2N4 octahedral environment, whereas the other two are in a severely distorted tetrahedral O3Cl environment. Complex 2 joins a small family of structurally characterized zinc(II) metallacrown complexes. The IR data are discussed in terms of the nature of bonding and the structures of the two complexes.
Synthesis of Some New Unsymmetrically Substituted 1,4-Dihydropyridines
Authors: Memarian Hamid R. , Abdoli-Senejani Masumeh , Döpp Dietrich
Published: February 2015

A series of some new 3,5-unsymmetrically substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines have been synthesized, which have ethoxycarbonyl and acetyl groups on 3- and 5-positions, respectively. A three-step procedure has been examined to increase the yield of the desired products, by suppressing the formation of the symmetrically substituted 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydropyridines and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl- 1,4-dihydropyridines.