bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Return to professional football after ICD implantation in athlete with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lahti Amanda , Ljungström Erik , Mörtsell David , Jorstad Harald
Published: September 2024

The risk of sports participation in elite athletes with cardiac disease with an indication for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy is largely unknown. Currently, international guidelines provide restrictive sports advice for such athletes. This case report presents a professional football player who after an episode of syncope and diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy expressed a strong wish to explore the feasibility of returning to elite-level sports. After a shared decision-making and monitored stepwise graduated rehabilitation, the athlete made a full return to professional football. Our case indicates that individualised sports advice in elite athletes with cardiac disease and an ICD may be warranted.
A case of obstructive chronic bacterial sialadenitis of submandibular salivary gland
Authors: Nagarajan Sindhuja , Gopal Saraswathi K
Published: September 2024

A young man in his early 20s presented with extraoral swelling on left side of his face, which had been present for a period of 1 month. Intraoral examination revealed an erythematous swelling on the left side of floor of the mouth at the ductal opening of left submandibular salivary gland. On palpation, multiple firm masses were noted, and pus mixed with blood was discharged from the ductal opening. He reported a history of swelling occurring in the same region, which was associated with mild fever and subsided after taking antibiotics. Keeping the history in mind, multiple radiographical investigations were carried out, focusing on the submandibular salivary gland. These investigations revealed the presence of salivary calculi, also known as salivary stones or sialolith, in the ductal pathway, causing obstruction to the glandular parenchyma. Hence, a final diagnosis of obstructive chronic bacterial sialadenitis was made. The case was treated surgically due to the size of the salivary stones, in combination with a preoperative antibiotic course. Multiple stones were retrieved and the incision was sutured. Complete healing was noted in a span of 2 weeks. This case report highlights the effectiveness of conventional imaging modalities in early diagnosis compared with advanced imaging techniques. By using conventional imaging, the case was managed with a simple surgical procedure rather than the more invasive option of removing the entire gland, thereby preserving the patient’s quality of life. This case report underscores the importance of clinical examination and selecting appropriate investigative tools for early diagnosis, supported by a comprehensive literature review.
Model of integrated mental health video consultations for people with depression or anxiety in primary care (PROVIDE-C): assessor masked, multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Haun Markus W , Tönnies Justus , Hartmann Mechthild , Wildenauer Alina , Wensing Michel , Szecsenyi Joachim , Feißt Manuel , Pohl Moritz , Vomhof Markus , Icks Andrea , Friederich Hans-Christoph
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate whether an integrated mental health video consultation approach (PROVIDE model) can improve symptoms compared with usual care in adults with depression and anxiety disorders attending primary care.

Design

Assessor masked, multicentre, randomised controlled trial (PROVIDE-C).

Setting

In 29 primary care practices in Germany, working remotely online from one trial hub.

Participants

376 adults (18-81 years) who presented to their general practitioner (GP) with depression or anxiety, or both.

Intervention

Participants were randomised (1:1) to receive the PROVIDE model (n=187) or usual care (n=189). Usual care was provided by GPs through interventions such as brief counselling and psychotropic medication prescriptions and may or may not have included referrals to mental health specialists. The PROVIDE model comprised transdiagnostic treatment provided through five real-time video sessions between the patient at the primary care practice and a mental health specialist at an offsite location.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was the absolute change in the mean severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms measured using the patient health questionnaire anxiety and depression scale (PHQ-ADS) at six months, in the intention-to-treat population. Secondary outcomes, measured at six and 12 months, included PHQ-ADS subscores, psychological distress related to somatic symptoms, recovery, health related quality of life, quality and patient centredness of chronic illness care, and adverse events.

Results

Between 24 March 2020 and 23 November 2021, 376 patients were randomised into treatment groups. Mean age was 45 years (standard deviation (SD) 14), 63% of the participants were female, and mean PHQ-ADS-score was 26 points (SD 7.6). Compared with usual care, the PROVIDE intervention led to improvements in severity of depressive and anxiety symptom (adjusted mean change difference in the PHQ-ADS score −2.4 points (95% confidence interval −4.5 to −0.4), P=0.02) at six months. The effects were sustained at 12 months (−2.9 (−5.0 to −0.7), P<0.01). No serious adverse events were reported in either group.

Conclusions

Through relatively low intensity treatment, the PROVIDE model led to a decrease in depressive and anxiety symptoms with small effects in the short and long term. Depression and anxiety disorders are prevalent and therefore the small effect might cumulatively impact on population health in this population.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04316572
.
Identifying markers of health-seeking behaviour and healthcare access in UK electronic health records
Authors: Graham Sophie , Walker Jemma L , Andrews Nick , Nitsch Dorothea , Parker Edward P K , McDonald Helen
Published: September 2024

Objective

To assess the feasibility of identifying markers of health-seeking behaviour and healthcare access in UK electronic health records (EHR), for identifying populations at risk of poor health outcomes and adjusting for confounding in epidemiological studies.

Design

Cross-sectional observational study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum prelinked to Hospital Episode Statistics.

Setting

Individual-level routine clinical data from 13 million patients across general practices (GPs) and secondary data in England.

Participants

Individuals aged ≥66 years on 1 September 2019.

Main outcome measures

We used the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model and the literature to iteratively develop criteria for markers selection. Based on this we selected 15 markers: those that represented uptake of public health interventions, markers of active healthcare access/use and markers of lack of access/underuse. We calculated the prevalence of each marker using relevant lookback periods prior to the index date (1 September 2019) and compared with national estimates. We assessed the correlation coefficients (phi) between markers with inferred hierarchical clustering.

Results

We included 1 991 284 individuals (mean age: 75.9 and 54.0% women). The prevalence of markers ranged from <0.1% (low-value prescriptions) to 92.6% (GP visits), and most were in line with national estimates; for example, 73.3% for influenza vaccination in the 2018/2019 season, compared with 72.4% in national estimates. Screening markers, for example, abdominal aortic aneurysm screening were under-recorded even in age-eligible groups (54.3% in 65–69 years old vs 76.1% in national estimates in men). Overall, marker correlations were low (<0.5) and clustered into groups according to underlying determinants from the TPB model.

Conclusion

Overall, markers of health-seeking behaviour and healthcare access can be identified in UK EHRs. The generally low correlations between different markers of health-seeking behaviour and healthcare access suggest a range of variables are needed to capture different determinants of healthcare use.
Interaction between economic status and healthy lifestyle in long COVID among Chinese older population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Yaping , Li Manchang , Zhang Bingkun , Feng Yue , Yu Yinghui , Guo Ling , Du Min , Yan Wenxin , Liu Qiao , Qin Chenyuan , Deng Jie , Song Chao , Liu Jue
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To estimate the interaction between economic status (ES) and healthy lifestyle in long COVID among Chinese older people infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Design

A cross-sectional study based on the Peking University Health Cohort in Anning, Yunnan.

Setting

All primary health institutions in Anning, Yunnan Province, China, from April to May 2023.

Participants

A total of 4804 people aged 60 and older infected with SARS-CoV-2 were included in this study.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Long COVID was measured by participants’ self-reported symptoms using structured questionnaires. ES was measured by last-month personal income, and participants’ ES was defined as low if their income was below the per capita monthly income of local residents. Lifestyle score was equal to the number of healthy behaviours (including smoking, drinking, weight, exercise and diet) and grouped using the median score as the cut-off point. Univariate and multivariate logistic models were employed to estimate the association of ES with long COVID. Interaction between ES and lifestyle in long COVID was assessed by multiplicative interaction term.

Results

We enrolled a total of 4804 participants infected with SARS-CoV-2, of whom 57.3% (2754 of 4804) had at least one long COVID symptom. Fatigue (1546, 56.1%), cough (1263, 45.9%) and muscle pain (880, 32.0%) were the top three common symptoms. Patients with low ES had a 48% (adjusted OR: 1.48; 95% CI 1.22, 1.82) increased risk of long COVID. A significant interaction was observed between ES and lifestyle (p value for interaction <0.001) in long COVID.

Conclusion

The interaction between ES and healthy lifestyle in long COVID was prominent. Comprehensive strengthened economic support for patients recovering from COVID-19, especially for those with low healthy lifestyle, should be implemented to prevent and manage long COVID symptoms.
Traditional healing practices, factors influencing to access the practices and its complementary effect on mental health in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Berhe Kenfe Tesfay , Gesesew Hailay Abrha , Ward Paul R
Published: September 2024

Objectives

In areas with limited and unaffordable biomedical mental health services, such as sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), traditional healers are an incredibly well-used source of mental healthcare. This systematic review synthesises the available evidence on traditional healing practices, factors to access it and its effectiveness in improving people’s mental health in SSA.

Design

Systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach.

Data sources

PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus studies published before 1 December 2022.

Eligibility criteria

Qualitative and quantitative studies reported traditional healing practices to treat mental health problems in SSA countries published in English before 1 December 2022.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data were extracted using Covidence software, thematically analysed and reported using tables and narrative reports. The methodological quality of the included papers was evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal tools.

Results

In total, 51 studies were included for analysis. Traditional healing practices included faith-based (spiritual or religious) healing, diviner healing practices and herbal therapies as complementary to other traditional healing types. Objectively measured studies stated that people’s mental health improved through collaborative care of traditional healing and biomedical care services. In addition, other subjectively measured studies revealed the effect of traditional healing in improving the mental health status of people. Human rights abuses occur as a result of some traditional practices, including physical abuse, chaining of the patient and restriction of food or fasting or starving patients. Individual, social, traditional healers, biomedical healthcare providers and health system-related factors were identified to accessing traditional healing services.

Conclusion

Although there is no conclusive, high-level evidence to support the effectiveness of traditional healing alone in improving mental health status. Moreover, the included studies in this review indicated that traditional healing and biomedical services collaborative care improve people’s mental health.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023392905.
Do bisphosphonates and RANKL inhibitors alter the progression of coronary artery calcification? A systematic review
Authors: Saunders Samantha Louise , Chaudhri Kanika , McOrist Nathan Scott , Gladysz Karen , Gnanenthiran Sonali R , Shalaby Grant
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To determine whether bisphosphonates and NF-κB ligand (RANKL) inhibitors delay coronary artery calcification (CAC).

Design

A systematic review was conducted.

Data sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL.

Eligibility criteria

Longitudinal studies investigating CAC progression in adults (>18 years) taking either a bisphosphonate or denosumab compared with those who did not.

Data extraction and synthesis

Study and participant characteristics, and primary outcome ( ∆ CAC from baseline to follow-up) were extracted. The Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomised Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) and Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomised Trials (RoB2) tools were used to assess the risk of bias for observational and randomised controlled trials (RCTs), respectively. Outcome measures were reported.

Results

Four observational studies and one RCT (n=377) were included. Three studies solely reported the effect of bisphosphonates on ∆ CAC; one study (n=56) demonstrated a statistically significant CAC reduction in the intervention group (−372 mm3/year) compared with control (+159 mm3/year) (p<0.01). One study (n=14) demonstrated a difference in ∆ CAC between intervention (+880 mm3/year) versus control (+2220 mm3/year), however, no p value comparing groups was reported. One study (n=115) found no statistically significant difference between intervention and control.

One study (n=42) exclusively investigated the effect of RANKL on ∆ CAC; there was a statistically significant reduction in CAC at 6-month follow-up between intervention (−133±124 modified Agatston unit (AU)) and control (+188±72 modified AU), p=0.03.

One study (n=150) compared both bisphosphonates and denosumab to control and found no statistically significant difference between either intervention group and control over 24 months. Meta-analysis was not performed due to limited, heterogeneous studies.

Conclusions

There is insufficient evidence supporting the correlation between bisphosphonate or RANKL inhibitor use and CAC progression. Further research is warranted.
Effect of volatile anaesthetic agents on intracranial pressure, cerebrovascular flow and autoregulation: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taylor Ben , Ellis Jack , Ponty Sam , Patrick Lewis , Scott Timothy E , Chockalingam Nachiappan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The use of volatile anaesthetic agents for the sedation of patients requiring critical care treatment offers several theoretical advantages over intravenous sedation, which may be of benefit in neurocritical care. However, there are concerns that they may increase intracranial pressure. The objective of this systematic review is to assess whether, and if so, to what extent volatile anaesthetic agents affect intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral oximetry and cerebrovascular autoregulation. If sufficient data exist, subgroup analyses will be conducted in traumatic brain injury and decompressive craniectomy patients.

Methods and analysis

A database search of PubMed, Medline (including Medline plus), CINAHL (including CINAHL Plus), Embase databases and the Cochrane Central Controlled Trials Register without time limits will be conducted. The search results will be screened by title and abstract by two independent researchers on a rule-in basis against predetermined criteria—controlled studies in humans of contemporary fluorinated volatile anaesthetic agents against a control, which measures intracranial pressure, CBF, cerebral oximetry or cerebrovascular autoregulation. Articles responsive to screening will then be reviewed in full text by two independent researchers, requiring consensus or a tie-break by a third independent researcher. Reference lists and a non-generative AI tool will be examined for missed articles, with all identified articles being reviewed in full text by two independent researchers. The included articles will be assessed for risk of bias and will have data extracted by two independent researchers. If sufficient data exist, a meta-analysis will be performed; otherwise, a narrative description of outcomes will be performed.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethics approval will be sought for this systematic review. This study has no explicit funding. The results of this study will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, in a conference presentation and on PROSPERO.

Trial registration number

PROSPERO number CRD42023474587
Infectious acute respiratory failure in patients under 5 years of age: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rifai Mahmoud , Bergounioux Jean , Sleiman Nelly , Ismail Jennyne , Zini Justine
Published: September 2024

Background

Acute lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years present a real challenge for diagnosis and treatment and are the first cause of mortality for this group of age. The study aimed to describe the characteristics of infectious acute respiratory failure due to bronchiolitis, pulmonary infection or severe acute asthma related to a virus or bacteria in this population of children under 5 years old at admission to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), PICU management and outcomes in order to better identify the needs of these patients. Our secondary aim was to compare the characteristics and PICU management of this population (1) depending on their age (less or more than 6 months old) and (2) depending on the pulmonary imaging (absence or presence of an alveolar condensation on the chest X-ray or lung ultrasound).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study in two PICUs in the Ile-de-France region. We included children under 5 years old hospitalised between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2021 due to a respiratory infection complicated by acute respiratory failure.

Results

We included 707 patients. The median age was 3 months. On arrival, patients were oxygen-dependent with a mean fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 34% and 63% required non-invasive ventilation (NIV). During hospitalisation, more than 70% required ventilatory support by NIV and 10% by tracheal intubation. 18% required volaemic expansion and 4% vasopressors. Nearly 90% of PCRs for respiratory viruses were positive, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was found in almost two-thirds of cases.Streptococcus pneumoniae,Moraxella catarrhalisandHaemophilus influenzaewere frequently found. Significantly, patients aged less than 6 months old needed more NIV, had less alveolar condensation, had slightly lower oxygen requirements, a less frank inflammatory syndrome and a more frequently positive PCR for respiratory viruses.

Conclusions

We highlighted similarities between patients hospitalised for lower respiratory infection in PICU in France and those in Australia or Brazil. Optimal management relies mainly on NIV, oxygen therapy with FiO2 under 40% and available antibiotics. These results lead us to believe that the implementation of NIV training and equipment could help reduce mortality due to lower respiratory infections in children worldwide.
Influence of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and exercise capacity in South African schoolchildren: secondary outcomes from a randomised controlled trial (ViDiKids)
Authors: Middelkoop Keren , Micklesfield Lisa , Hemmings Stephanie , Walker Neil , Stewart Justine , Jolliffe David A , Mendham Amy E , Tang Jonathan C Y , Cooper Cyrus , Harvey Nicholas C , Wilkinson Robert J , Martineau Adrian R
Published: September 2024

Objective

To determine whether vitamin D supplementation influences grip strength, explosive leg power, cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in South African schoolchildren.

Methods

Substudy (n=450) in Cape Town schoolchildren aged 8–11 years nested within a phase 3 randomised placebo-controlled trial (ViDiKids). The intervention was weekly oral doses of 10 000 IU vitamin D3(n=228) or placebo (n=222) for 3 years. Outcome measures were serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(25(OH)D3) concentrations, grip strength, standing long jump distance, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, determined using 20 m multistage shuttle run tests) and the proportion of children with EIB, measured at end-study.

Results

64.7% of participants had serum 25(OH)D3concentrations <75 nmol/L at baseline. At 3-year follow-up, children randomised to vitamin D versus placebo had higher mean serum 25(OH)D3concentrations (97.6 vs 58.8 nmol/L, respectively; adjusted mean difference 39.9 nmol/L, 95% CI 36.1 to 43.6). However, this was not associated with end-study differences in grip strength, standing long jump distance, VO2peakor risk of EIB.

Conclusion

A 3-year course of weekly oral supplementation with 10 000 IU vitamin D3elevated serum 25(OH)D3concentrations in South African schoolchildren but did not influence muscle strength, exercise capacity or risk of EIB.
Identification and stratification of placenta percreta with gynecologic oncologist management
Authors: Munoz Jessian Louis , Blankenship Logan Michelle , Ireland Kayla Evonne , Ramsey Patrick Shannon , McCann Georgia A
Published: September 2024

Objective

Gynecologic oncologist involvement in the surgical team of patients with placenta percreta has shown improved patient outcomes. Yet, stratification of cases is dependent on identification of placenta percreta by ultrasonography which has a poor detection rate. To allow patients to receive optimal team management by pre-operative stratification our objective was to identify the pre-operative characteristics of patients with previously underdiagnosed placenta percreta.

Methods

A retrospective single institution case-control study was performed from January 2010 to December 2022 of singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies with suspicion for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). Ultrasonography was used as the primary method of detection. Final inclusion was dependent on histology confirmation of PAS and degree of invasion. We explored the role of concurrent antenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on patients with previously unrecognized placenta percreta.

Results

During the 13 year study period, 140 cases of histologically confirmed PAS were managed by our team and met inclusion criteria. A total of 72 (51.4%) cases were for placenta percreta and 27 (37.5%) of these were diagnosed pre-operatively while 45 (62.5%) were only diagnosed post-operatively. Comparison between these two groups revealed patient body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2was independently associated with unrecognized placenta percreta (p=0.006). No findings by MRI were associated with mischaracterization of placenta percreta. Yet, concurrent MRI assessment of patients with BMI >30 kg/m2(n=18), increased placenta percreta detection by 11 cases (61%).

Conclusion

The ability to determine pre-operatively which patients are more likely to have placenta percreta allows for gynecologic oncologists to be involved in the most complex cases in a planned manner. This study shows that women at risk for placenta accreta spectrum, who are obese (BMI >30 kg/m2), may benefit from further assessment with pre-operative MRI to facilitate appropriate staffing and team availability for cases of placenta percreta.
Generating in-store customer journeys from scratch with GPT architectures
Authors: Horikomi Taizo , Mizuno Takayuki
Published: September 2024

We propose a method that can generate customer trajectories and purchasing behaviors in retail stores simultaneously using Transformer-based deep learning structure. Utilizing customer trajectory data, layout diagrams, and retail scanner data obtained from a retail store, we trained a GPT-2 architecture from scratch to generate indoor trajectories and purchase actions. Additionally, we explored the effectiveness of fine-tuning the pre-trained model with data from another store. Results demonstrate that our method reproduces in-store trajectories and purchase behaviors more accurately than LSTM and SVM models, with fine-tuning significantly reducing the required training data.

Graphic abstract
Analysis of Sports Education Construction Based on Matrix Model
Authors: Luo Huaping
Published: September 2024

Intelligent algorithms based on bionics have a natural advantage in solving nonlinear problems. With the development of computer technology, the development of related technologies has also been greatly promoted, so it has been widely used in a variety of fields. This paper first introduces the research status of the biome algorithm and some problems in the construction of the physical education structure. Through the analysis of the problems, the matrix model is a widely used method to analyze the dynamic changes in plant and animal populations. In this method, matrix algebra is used to describe the structure and change law of population, and the matrix operation model is established to simulate the process of population growth, migration and extinction. The matrix model method can take into account the interaction between individuals in the population and the influence of the external environment and can simulate the dynamic change of the population well. Completed the research on the construction of physical education structure.
Generalizable Error Modeling for Human Data Annotation: Evidence From an Industry-Scale Search Data Annotation Program
Authors: Peters Heinrich , Hashemi Alireza , Rae James
Published: September 2024

Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) systems rely heavily on human-annotated data for training and evaluation. A major challenge in this context is the occurrence of annotation errors, as their effects can degrade model performance. This paper presents a predictive error model trained to detect potential errors in search relevance annotation tasks for three industry-scale ML applications (music streaming, video streaming, and mobile apps). Drawing on data from an extensive search relevance annotation program, we demonstrate that errors can be predicted with moderate model performance (AUC=0.65-0.75) and that model performance generalizes well across applications (i.e., a global, task-agnostic model performs on par with task-specific models). In contrast to past research, which has often focused on predicting annotation labels from task-specific features, our model is trained to predict errors directly from a combination of task features and behavioral features derived from the annotation process, in order to achieve a high degree of generalizability. We demonstrate the usefulness of the model in the context of auditing, where prioritizing tasks with high predicted error probabilities considerably increases the amount of corrected annotation errors (e.g., 40% efficiency gains for the music streaming application). These results highlight that behavioral error detection models can yield considerable improvements in the efficiency and quality of data annotation processes. Our findings reveal critical insights into effective error management in the data annotation process, thereby contributing to the broader field of human-in-the-loop ML.
Identification and Inference with Invalid Instruments
Authors: Kang Hyunseung , Guo Zijian , Liu Zhonghua , Small Dylan
Published: September 2024

Instrumental variables (IVs) are widely used to study the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome in the presence of unmeasured confounding. IVs require an instrument, a variable that (a) is associated with the exposure, (b) has no direct effect on the outcome except through the exposure, and (c) is not related to unmeasured confounders. Unfortunately, finding variables that satisfy conditions b or c can be challenging in practice. This article reviews works where instruments may not satisfy conditions b or c, which we refer to as invalid instruments. We review identification and inference under different violations of b or c, specifically under linear models, nonlinear models, and heteroskedastic models. We conclude with an empirical comparison of various methods by reanalyzing the effect of body mass index on systolic blood pressure from the UK Biobank.
Revisiting voltage-coupled H+ secretion in the collecting duct
Authors: Ayasse Niklas , Berg Peder , Sørensen Mads V. , Svendsen Samuel L. , Weinstein Alan M. , Leipziger Jens
Published: September 2024

Experimental studies have shown that V-type ATPase-driven H+ secretion is dependent on transepithelial voltage. On this basis, the “voltage hypothesis” of urinary acidification by the collecting duct was derived. Accordingly, it has been supposed that the lumen-negative potential created by the reabsorption of Na+ via the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) enhances electrogenic H+ secretion via V-type H+-ATPase. This concept continues to be widely used to explain acid/base disorders. Importantly, however, a solid proof of principle for the voltage hypothesis in physiologically relevant situations has not been reached. Rather, it has been challenged by recent in vivo functional studies. In this review, we outline the arguments and experimental observations explaining why voltage-coupled H+ secretion in the collecting duct often appears poorly applicable for rationalizing changes in H+ secretion as a function of more or less ENaC function in the collecting duct.
Fractional Stochastic Van der Pol Oscillator with Piecewise Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Atul , Alam Khursheed , Rahman Mati ur , Emadifar Homan , Arora Geeta , Hamoud Ahmed A.
Published: September 2024

This work investigates piecewise Vand der Pol oscillator under the arbitrary order, piecewise derivatives, and power nonlinearities to present a novel idea of piecewise systems using the classical‐power‐law randomness and classical Mittag–Leffler‐law‐randomness. We are able to study the dynamics of piecewise Van der Pol oscillators because the oscillator is one of the prototype models of the systems. It has become famous for examining the dynamics of the systems. To obtain the approximate solution for the aforementioned system, the famous Adams–Bashforth method is applied. The algorithm for obtaining numerical solutions is presented as well as the obtained results were presented graphically along with their different behavior. This oscillator is successfully applied to the model, a diversity of physical processes like nonlinear electronic circuits. Despite the simplicity of this oscillator, the behavior of the models is extremely prosperous and research is still ongoing.
The Rate of Leaf Litter Decompositions and Nutrient Release Patterns of Four Selected Agroforestry Tree Species in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Daba Misgana , Gebremedhin Asmelash Tesfaye
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the decomposition rates of leaf litter, nutrient release patterns, and the relationship between nutrient release from leaf litter and soil nutrients of four specific agroforestry tree species of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, Terminalia brownii (Fresen.) J. Léonard, Croton macrostachyus Hochst, and Cordia africana Lam. The study was conducted in the Gamo zone of southern Ethiopia, specifically at three sites, i.e., Lante, Chano, and Shara. For this study, the litterbag techniques was employed, which involved placing dried leaf litter into nylon mesh bags. These nylon mesh bags were then buried in the soil and periodically retrieved to assess the remaining litter mass and its associated nutrients. SPSS version 24 software was used to analysis the collected data. Significant differences in half‐life and turnover rates were observed among all tree species (P < 0.05). Terminalia brownii exhibited the longest half‐life of 21.7 days and the highest turnover rate of 93.9 days, while Balanites aegyptiaca had the shortest half‐life and turnover rates at 14 days and 60.6 days, respectively. The release rates of organic carbon from leaf litter of Terminalia brownii, Croton macrostachyus, and Cordia africana showed negative correlations with soil organic carbon, whereas Balanites aegyptiaca displayed a significant positive correlation, with Pearson values of ‐0.94, ‐0.397, ‐0.95, and 0.71, respectively (P < 0.05). Additionally, the rates of nutrient release varied among the four tree species across different time intervals. Generally, this research finding indicates that the rate of leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release patterns vary significantly among the four selected agroforestry tree species.
New Results of Fixed‐Point Theorems and Their Applications in Complete Complex Dc∗‐Metric Spaces
Authors: Majid Nassar Aiman , Jumaili Alaa. M. F. AL. , Ng Zhen Chuan , Lee See Keong
Published: September 2024

The first objective of the present manuscript is to introduce the notion of complex‐valued ‐metric spaces as generalizing and improving the idea of ‐metric spaces by using the context of complex‐valued metric space and ‐metric spaces. The principle of contraction mappings has recently been established. Furthermore, the second objective is devoted to establishing various new fixed‐point theorems in complete complex‐valued ‐metric spaces that are improved and generalized by Azam et al. Banach’s contraction principle and various distinguished outcomes are also presented in the literatures. Additionally, some implementations of common fixed‐point theory on complete complex‐valued ‐metric spaces have been offered by applying open and closed balls. Additionally, we provide some illustrative examples as an implementation for our main results.
Establishment of a Generalizable Industrial Crop Model for Microwave Extraction of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Chen Junyi , Lu Didi , Chen Shiqiang , Liu Song , Zhang Yaqiu , Zhan Conghong
Published: September 2024

To explore the relationship between unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content and parameters for microwave extraction, multimaterial and multiparameter testing was conducted in which five kinds of materials with different UFA contents (potato, wheat, corn, soybean, and peanut) were selected for the experiment. Four factors, namely, extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2), proportional volume of acetone (X3), and liquid‐to‐solid ratio (X4), were screened for their significant effects by using Prob > |T| values from the Plackett–Burman experiment. A microwave extraction orthogonal experiment with four factors and five levels was designed separately using Design‐Expert 8.05 software and them concentrated. Microwave‐accelerated methyl esterification was then performed, and the UFA content was determined via gas chromatography (flame ionization detector). The optimal extraction conditions (X1, X2, X3, X4) and the optimal UFA content of potato were 80.68°C, 10.74 min, 0.80, 3.25 mL × g−1, 1.08%; wheat: 80.81°C, 10.54 min, 0.80, 20.91 mL × g−1, 2.26%; corn: 81.18°C, 9.93 min, 0.80, 50.94 mL × g−1, 6.89%; soybean: 82.07°C, 9.07 min, 0.80, 93.87 mL × g−1, 15.81%; and peanut: 83.12°C, 8.11 min, 0.80, 168.70 mL × g−1, 33.07%. Then, the optimization results for the five kinds of materials were synthesized by Origin 8.0 software, the fitting degree of the cubic model with the four extraction factors was the highest, the determination coefficients were 0.9984, 0.9991, 0.8953, and 0.9989, the residual sums of squares were 0.2888, 0.1587, 0.8265, and 0.1864, and the correlation coefficients are ideal. The stability and accuracy of the model were verified by the orthogonal experiment of UFA extraction from rice, and the correlation coefficient between the predicted value and the actual value of the orthogonal experiment was 0.9998. This study systematically collates the optimal parameters for microwave extraction of UFA content in different crops from the perspective of multimaterial and multiparameter, which can provide a large amount of detailed basic data for microwave extraction technology.
Biofabrication of Nanosilver From Punica granatum Peel Extract and Their Anticoagulant Applications
Authors: Dhahi Randa Mohammed
Published: September 2024

For utilizing biodegradable waste as a natural source for nanofabrication, this study was designed to highlight a simple, sustainable, safe, environmentally friendly, and energy consumption reduction waste management approach using hot aqueous extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel waste (PPE) to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (PPE‐AgNPs). The fabrication of biosynthesized nanosilver was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The initial pale brown color change upon adding silver nitrate to PPE confirmed bioreduction. For PPE, the absorption spectrum for UV–vis spectroscopy in the visible light region was 230–290 nm, while for PPE‐AgNPs, the graph shows that surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectrum for nanosilver at 360–460 nm. The XRD analysis proved that the PPE‐AgNPs were crystalline in nature. The SEM micrograph revealed that silver nanoparticles were sphere‐shaped, homogenous accumulations with particle size in the range of 21.63–30.97 ± 0.4 nm. The EDX data analysis also proved the presence of a sharp peak of silver element with 8.83% weight at 3 keV. The 3D AFM images of Ag nanoparticles illustrated that the diameter is around 7.20–14.80 nm with a median of 7.16 ± 1.3 nm and the root mean square (RMS) value corresponds to 1.40 ± 0.4 nm. The PPE‐AgNPs efficiently exhibited a potent antioxidant and dose‐dependent DPPH inhibition action. Visual and microscopic observations of fresh human blood when treated with 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL of PPE‐AgNPs were proven to be biocompatible with no morphological changes and no coagulation. This study predicts that PPE can be utilized to synthesize biocompatible nanosilver.
Aeroelastic Stability Analysis of a Laminated Composite Sandwich Panel With a Magnetorheological Fluid Core Under Yawed Supersonic Airflow
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Liang , Xu Minglong
Published: September 2024

In this study, we conducted an aeroelastic stability analysis of a laminated composite magnetorheological fluid (MRF) sandwich panel in supersonic airflow for varying yawed angles. The aeroelastic equations for a rectangular sandwich panel (MRF core layer and composite cross‐ply laminate constraining and host layers) were established using a MIN3 plate element. Aerodynamic forces for different yawed angles would result in different coupled flutter boundaries of the panel. The first‐order piston theory with a flow‐yawed angle was employed. The flutter dynamic pressure was obtained through eigenvalue analysis. The effects of various parameters such as the magnetic field intensity, MRF core and constraining layer thicknesses, ply orientation, and yawed flow angle on the flutter dynamic pressure were studied for the simple‐ and fixed‐support boundary conditions. Our results demonstrated that the flutter dynamic pressure of the laminated composite MRF sandwich panel (i) increased for increasing magnetic field intensity and constraining layer thickness; (ii) initially decreased and then increased with the increasing MRF core thickness; and (iii) was strongly influenced by the ply orientation and yawed flow angle.
Facts and Hopes for PET Imaging–Derived Immunotherapy Biomarkers
Authors: de Groot Derk Jan A. , Lub-de Hooge Marjolijn N. , van Meerten Tom , Brouwers Adrienne H. , de Vries Elisabeth G.E.
Published: September 2024

Current immunotherapies have brought major progress in cancer treatments, but not all patients benefit. Therefore, insight into reasons for treatment failure and optimal biomarkers for patient selection are warranted. Current approved biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy do not provide insight into characteristics across tumor lesions in a patient or their heterogeneity. Here, whole-body PET imaging with specific tracers may provide support. Moreover, the biodistribution of cell therapies and complex molecules, such as bispecific antibodies, can be visualized by PET imaging, and repeat PET imaging allows to study the whole-body kinetics of the immune response. In this review, we present the status of using PET imaging–derived biomarkers for patients with cancer receiving immunotherapy. Next, the hopes and scientific challenges ahead to optimize current PET imaging biomarker development and to discover novel PET-derived baseline and dynamic biomarkers to potentially guide us in drug development and more precise patient and therapy selection will be discussed.
DNAJB1-PRKACA Fusion Drives Fibrolamellar Liver Cancer through Impaired SIK Signaling and CRTC2/p300-Mediated Transcriptional Reprogramming
Authors: Gritti Ilaria , Wan Jinkai , Weeresekara Vajira , Vaz Joel M. , Tarantino Giuseppe , Bryde Tenna Holgersen , Vijay Vindhya , Kammula Ashwin V. , Kattel Prabhat , Zhu Songli , Vu Phuong , Chan Marina , Wu Meng-Ju , Gordan John D. , Patra Krushna C. , Silveira Vanessa S. , Manguso Robert T. , Wein Marc N. , Ott Christopher J. , Qi Jun , Liu David , Sakamoto Kei , Gujral Taranjit S. , Bardeesy Nabeel
Published: September 2024

Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a liver cancer of adolescents and young adults characterized by fusions of the genes encoding the protein kinase A catalytic subunit, PRKACA, and heat shock protein, DNAJB1. The chimeric DNAJB1-PRKACA protein has increased kinase activity and is essential for FLC xenograft growth. Here, we explore the critical oncogenic pathways controlled by DNAJB1-PRKACA using patient-derived FLC models, engineered systems, and patient samples. We show that a core function of DNAJB1-PRKACA is the phosphorylation and inactivation of salt-inducible kinases (SIKs). This leads to deregulation of the CRTC2 transcriptional coactivator and p300 acetyltransferase, resulting in transcriptional reprogramming and increased global histone acetylation, driving malignant growth. Our studies establish a central oncogenic mechanism of DNAJB1-PRKACA and suggest the potential of targeting CRTC2/p300 in FLC. Notably, these findings link this rare cancer’s signature fusion oncoprotein to more common cancer gene alterations involving STK11 and GNAS, which also function via SIK suppression.

Significance:

This work combines functional studies in model systems and examination of human tumor specimens to define a central oncogenic pathway driven by DNAJB1-PRKACA fusions in FLC. DNAJB1-PRKACA-mediated inactivation of the SIK stimulates CRTC2-p300-mediated transcription to drive tumor growth. The findings illuminate pathogenic mechanisms and inform therapeutic development.
Supplementary Figure 6 from MYC is Sufficient to Generate Mid-Life High-Grade Serous Ovarian and Uterine Serous Carcinomas in a p53-R270H Mouse Model
Authors: Blackman Alexandra , Rees Amy C. , Bowers Robert R. , Jones Christian M. , Vaena Silvia G. , Clark Madison A. , Carter Shelby , Villamor Evan D. , Evans Della , Emanuel Anthony J. , Fullbright George , O’Malley Matthew S. , Carpenter Richard L. , Long David T. , Spruill Laura S. , Romeo Martin J. , Orr Brian C. , Helke Kristi L. , Delaney Joe R.
Published: September 2024

Other malignancies
Supplementary Figure 5 from MYC is Sufficient to Generate Mid-Life High-Grade Serous Ovarian and Uterine Serous Carcinomas in a p53-R270H Mouse Model
Authors: Blackman Alexandra , Rees Amy C. , Bowers Robert R. , Jones Christian M. , Vaena Silvia G. , Clark Madison A. , Carter Shelby , Villamor Evan D. , Evans Della , Emanuel Anthony J. , Fullbright George , O’Malley Matthew S. , Carpenter Richard L. , Long David T. , Spruill Laura S. , Romeo Martin J. , Orr Brian C. , Helke Kristi L. , Delaney Joe R.
Published: September 2024

Necropsy of mice lacking macroscopic disease
Supplementary Table 1 from Claudin-4 Modulates Autophagy via SLC1A5/LAT1 as a Mechanism to Regulate Micronuclei
Authors: Villagomez Fabian R. , Lang Julie , Rosario Fredrick J. , Nunez-Avellaneda Daniel , Webb Patricia , Neville Margaret , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Bitler Benjamin G.
Published: September 2024

BioID Data - Claudin-4 proximal proteins
Supplementary Figure 4 from Claudin-4 Modulates Autophagy via SLC1A5/LAT1 as a Mechanism to Regulate Micronuclei
Authors: Villagomez Fabian R. , Lang Julie , Rosario Fredrick J. , Nunez-Avellaneda Daniel , Webb Patricia , Neville Margaret , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Bitler Benjamin G.
Published: September 2024

Survival analysis in breast, lung, and stomach cancers.
Supplementary Figure 2 from MYC is Sufficient to Generate Mid-Life High-Grade Serous Ovarian and Uterine Serous Carcinomas in a p53-R270H Mouse Model
Authors: Blackman Alexandra , Rees Amy C. , Bowers Robert R. , Jones Christian M. , Vaena Silvia G. , Clark Madison A. , Carter Shelby , Villamor Evan D. , Evans Della , Emanuel Anthony J. , Fullbright George , O’Malley Matthew S. , Carpenter Richard L. , Long David T. , Spruill Laura S. , Romeo Martin J. , Orr Brian C. , Helke Kristi L. , Delaney Joe R.
Published: September 2024

Tumor immunohistochemistry from FTE affected mice
Supplementary Figure 2 from Claudin-4 Modulates Autophagy via SLC1A5/LAT1 as a Mechanism to Regulate Micronuclei
Authors: Villagomez Fabian R. , Lang Julie , Rosario Fredrick J. , Nunez-Avellaneda Daniel , Webb Patricia , Neville Margaret , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Bitler Benjamin G.
Published: September 2024

Gating strategy for autophagic flux
Figure 6 from MYC is Sufficient to Generate Mid-Life High-Grade Serous Ovarian and Uterine Serous Carcinomas in a p53-R270H Mouse Model
Authors: Blackman Alexandra , Rees Amy C. , Bowers Robert R. , Jones Christian M. , Vaena Silvia G. , Clark Madison A. , Carter Shelby , Villamor Evan D. , Evans Della , Emanuel Anthony J. , Fullbright George , O’Malley Matthew S. , Carpenter Richard L. , Long David T. , Spruill Laura S. , Romeo Martin J. , Orr Brian C. , Helke Kristi L. , Delaney Joe R.
Published: September 2024

CNAs, transcriptomics, and tumorigenicity of extracted OvTrpMyc tumor cells. A, Dissection diagram for ex vivo expansion. Gynecologic tract for mouse F318 is shown. B, LOH was observed by PCR of the Trp53 transgene (mutation) in isolated cells. C, Whole-genome CNA calls of tumor cells. Blue indicates copy-number loss, and red indicates copy-number gain. D, Transcriptomic profiling of OvTrpMyc cancer cells compared with human gynecologic cancer within the human CCLE. Header genes refer to mutation in p53 (green), MYC amplification (red), or CCNE1 amplification (red), shaded white if absent or gray if unknown. Nearest neighbor human cell lines comprise the cell lines shown. A2780, MDA-MB-453, and KHYG cell lines are shown as representative cell lines which have driver gene characteristics comparable with the mouse cell lines but clearly different transcriptional profiles. E, 8 × 106 F339 ROV OvTrpMyc cell line cells were injected i.p. into a young OvTrpMyc female recipient mouse. The mouse lost weight, meeting euthanasia criteria after 54 days. IHC staining of a dissected tumor attached to the intestines is shown. F, Distribution of tumors found in F318 LOV i.p. syngeneic injected mice (5 × 106 cells, 132 days) relative to a human image depiction of HGSOC metastatic spread. LOV, left ovary; ROV, right ovary; Ut, uterus.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Claudin-4 Modulates Autophagy via SLC1A5/LAT1 as a Mechanism to Regulate Micronuclei
Authors: Villagomez Fabian R. , Lang Julie , Rosario Fredrick J. , Nunez-Avellaneda Daniel , Webb Patricia , Neville Margaret , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Bitler Benjamin G.
Published: September 2024

Confirmation of claudin-4 expression and modulation of the autophagy pathway