bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adolescents with chronic disease and social media: a cross-sectional study
Authors: De Nardi Laura , Trombetta Andrea , Ghirardo Sergio , Genovese Maria Rita Lucia , Barbi Egidio , Taucar Valentina
Published: January 2020

Objective

This study aims to explore the attitude of adolescents with chronic diseases toward social media exposure, focusing in particular on Facebook.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

An anonymous semistructured survey was distributed to an Italian hospital-based cohort of adolescents with chronic disease to explore the role of Facebook in their daily life.

Patients

We recruited 212 adolescents (aged between 13 and 24 years) with a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1 and cystic fibrosis.

Results

Two hundred and seven of the 212 (97.6%) expressed the need of sharing their illness experience with friends, 201 out of 212 (94.8%) usually searched information on the internet to find new therapies and to discover their prognosis. One hundred and forty-nine out of 212 adolescents (70.3%) perceived dependence on their parents as the most negative aspect of having a chronic disease, and 200 out of 212 (94.3%) were looking for friends with the same disease on Facebook. Two hundred and ten out of 212 (99.1%) did not want their doctors or nurse on their social media platforms. During the active disease periods, the time spent with social media increased from an average of 5 to 11 hours.

Conclusions

This descriptive analysis focused on the Facebook impact on chronic disease perception among affected adolescents. It showed that they used to spend an increased amount of time on this platform during disease flare-up and highlighted their wish of keeping doctors and nurses away from their social dimension.
Physical activity and weight following car ownership in Beijing, China: quasi-experimental cross sectional study
Authors: Anderson Michael L , Lu Fangwen , Yang Jun
Published: January 2020

Objective

To determine the implications of car ownership for physical activity and weight in a global city.

Design

Quasi-experimental cross sectional study.

Setting

Beijing, China, 2011-15.

Participants

People aged 18 and older from a random sample of households who had entered a permit lottery to purchase a vehicle between January 2011 and November 2015.

Interventions

Permit allowing purchase of a vehicle within six months of permit issuance.

Main outcome measures

Transit use (number of subway and bus rides each week), physical activity (minutes of walking or bicycling each day), and weight, measured once in early 2016.

Results

Of 937 people analysed in total, 180 had won a permit to purchase a new vehicle. Winning the permit lottery resulted in the purchase of an additional vehicle 91% of the time (95% confidence interval 89% to 94%; P<0.001). About five years after winning, winners took significantly fewer weekly transit rides (−2.9 rides (−5.1 to −0.7); P=0.01) and walked and cycled significantly less (−24.2 minutes (−40.3 to −8.1); P=0.003) than those who did not win the lottery. Average weight did not change significantly between lottery winners and losers. Among those aged 50 and older, however, winners’ weight had increased relative to that of losers (10.3 kg (0.5 to 20.2); P=0.04) 5.1 years after winning.

Conclusions

These data indicate that vehicle ownership in a rapidly growing global city led to long term reductions in physical activity and increase in weight. Continuing increases in car use and ownership in developing and middle income countries could adversely affect physical health and obesity rates.
Gender differences in how scientists present the importance of their research: observational study
Authors: Lerchenmueller Marc J , Sorenson Olav , Jena Anupam B
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Women remain underrepresented on faculties of medicine and the life sciences more broadly. Whether gender differences in self presentation of clinical research exist and may contribute to this gender gap has been challenging to explore empirically. The objective of this study was to analyze whether men and women differ in how positively they frame their research findings and to analyze whether the positive framing of research is associated with higher downstream citations.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Data sources

Titles and abstracts from 101 720 clinical research articles and approximately 6.2 million general life science articles indexed in PubMed and published between 2002 and 2017.

Main outcome measures

Analysis of article titles and abstracts to determine whether men and women differ in how positively they present their research through use of terms such as “novel” or “excellent.” For a set of 25 positive terms, we estimated the relative probability of positive framing as a function of the gender composition of the first and last authors, adjusting for scientific journal, year of publication, journal impact, and scientific field.

Results

Articles in which both the first and last author were women used at least one of the 25 positive terms in 10.9% of titles or abstracts versus 12.2% for articles involving a male first or last author, corresponding to a 12.3% relative difference (95% CI 5.7% to 18.9%). Gender differences in positive presentation were greatest in high impact clinical journals (impact factor >10), in which women were 21.4% less likely to present research positively. Across all clinical journals, positive presentation was associated with 9.4% (6.6% to 12.2%) higher subsequent citations, and in high impact clinical journals 13.0% (9.5% to 16.5%) higher citations. Results were similar when broadened to general life science articles published in journals indexed by PubMed, suggesting that gender differences in positive word use generalize to broader samples.

Conclusions

Clinical articles involving a male first or last author were more likely to present research findings positively in titles and abstracts compared with articles in which both the first and last author were women, particularly in the highest impact journals. Positive presentation of research findings was associated with higher downstream citations.
Prevalence and trends in dietary supplement use among US adults with diabetes: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1999–2014
Authors: Li Jing , Li Xinli , Gathirua-Mwangi Wambui , Song Yiqing
Published: January 2020

Objective

To evaluate overall prevalence and trends of use of any supplements, multivitamins/multiminerals (MVMM), individual vitamins, minerals, and non-vitamin, non-mineral (NVNM) supplements among adults with diabetes in the USA.

Research design and methods

We used a nationally representative sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between 1999 and 2014. Information on supplement use in the preceding 30 days was collected during interview over 8 continuous 2-year waves. To account for the complex sampling design, weighted analyses were conducted among 6688 US adults with diabetes aged 20–85 years and also stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, comorbidity status, and diabetes duration.

Results

Overall, the prevalence of any supplement use (52%–58%;Pfor trend=0.08) and that of any mineral use (47%–51%;Pfor trend=0.23) seemed stable over the years studied. Reported use of MVMM slightly decreased from 36% to 32% (Pfor trend=0.006). Use of any vitamin products significantly increased from 47% to 52% (Pfor trend=0.03). Use of some individual supplements, especially vitamin D, choline, lycopene, and fish oil supplements, significantly increased, while some vitamins, minerals and NVNM supplements decreased over the years. In addition, the trend of any supplement use varied by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or education, but not by diabetes duration or diabetic comorbidities.

Conclusions

Among US patients with diabetes, use of any dietary supplements or any minerals remained stable, while MVMM use slightly decreased and use of any vitamins increased. Additionally, use of several individual supplements varied significantly over the 16-year period studied.
Electronic notifiable disease reporting system from primary care health centres in Qatar: a comparison of paper-based versus electronic reporting
Authors: Syed Mohamed Ahmed , Al Mujalli Hanan , Kiely Catherine , A/Qotba Hamda Abdulla , Elawad Khalid , Ali Dina , Idries Amjad Mohammed , Vilakazi Bongiwe
Published: January 2020

Communicable disease outbreaks can spread rapidly, causing enormous losses to individual health, national economies and social well-being. Therefore, communicable disease surveillance is essential for protecting public health. In Qatar, electronic reporting from primary health centres was proposed as a means of improving disease notification, replacing a paper-based method of reporting (via internal mail, facsimile, email or telephone), which has disadvantages and requires active cooperation and engagement of staff. This study is a predescriptive and postdescriptive analysis, which compared disease notifications received from electronic and paper-based systems during 3-month evaluation periods (quarter 2 in 2016 and quarter 2 in 2018 for paper-based and electronic reporting, respectively) in terms of comprehensiveness, timeliness and completeness. For the 23 notifiable diseases included in this study, approximately twice as many notifications were received through the electronic reporting system as from the paper-based reporting system, demonstrating it is more comprehensive. An overall increase in notifications is likely to have a positive public health impact in Qatar. 100% of electronic notifications were received in a timely manner, compared with 28% for paper-based notifications. Findings of the study show that electronic reporting presents a revolutionary opportunity to advance public health surveillance. It is recommended that electronic reporting be rolled out more widely to improve the completeness, stability and representativeness of the national public health surveillance system in Qatar as well as other countries.
Chronic medical conditions and their association with crash risk and changes in driving habits: a prospective study of the GAZEL cohort
Authors: Naredo Turrado Juan , Orriols Ludivine , Contrand Benjamin , Zins Marie , Salmi Louis-Rachid , Lafont Sylviane , Lagarde Emmanuel
Published: January 2020

Objectives

To assess crash risk and driving habits associated with chronic medical conditions among drivers entering old age.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

French cohort GAZEL.

Participants

12 460 drivers in the analysis of road traffic crash, among whom 11 670 completed the follow-up period (2007–2014). We assessed driving cessation among 11 633 participants over the same period, and mileage and driving avoidance among the 4973 participants who returned a road safety questionnaire in 2015.

Main outcome measures

Yearly occurrence of at least one road crash as a driver; time to driving cessation; mileage; driving avoidance: at night, with bad weather, in heavy traffic, with glare conditions, over long distances.

Results

Several potentially risky conditions (angina, myocardial infarction, coronary disease; stroke;nephritic colic, urinary stones; glaucoma) were associated with lower mileage and/or driving avoidance and did not increase crash risk. Neither driving avoidance nor lower mileage was found for other conditions associated with an increased crash risk: hearing difficulties (adjusted OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.34); joint disorders (1.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.30).Depression, anxiety and stresswas associated with an increased crash risk (1.23, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.49) despite increased driving avoidance. Parkinson’s disease was associated with driving cessation (adjusted HR 32.61, 95% CI 14.21 to 65.17).

Conclusions

Depending on their condition, and probably on the associated risk perception, drivers entering old age report diverse driving habits. For example, hearing difficulties is a frequent condition, rarely considered a threat to road safety, and nonetheless associated with an increased crash risk.
SOLICITED VERSUS UNSOLICITED RATINGS: THE ROLE OF SELECTION
Authors: GIBERT ANNA
Published: January 2020

This paper analyzes the extent to which selection explains the observed discrepancy between solicited and unsolicited ratings. I propose a model of selection with truth telling rating agencies and borrowers with the ability to veto the revelation of the rating. The observed difference between the two categories of ratings in different sectors is in line with the prediction of the model. In the sovereign market there is a positive selection of borrowers into unsolicited ratings whereas other sectors have, on the contrary, lower unsolicited rating grades than those solicited.
Review—Nanowire Sensors Using Electrical Resonance
Authors: Prashanthi K. , Thundat T.
Published: January 2020

Modulation of surface state population in a wide band gap semiconductor nanowire changes its electrical properties. Monitoring electrical resonance of the semiconductor nanowire offers a simple and elegant new platform for chemical sensing. The electrical resonance frequency changes sensitively when adsorbed molecules are resonantly modulated by optical excitation. Using this technique, we have detected 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) molecules physically adsorbed on the metal oxide semiconductor BiFeO3 (BFO) nanowire. The electrical impedance parameters of the nanowire resonator (NWR) at resonance change upon the TNT adsorption due to mass loading. Furthermore, mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy coupled with the electrical resonance of nanowire resonator complements high selectivity by generating IR photothermal spectrum of adsorbed TNT molecules. This photothermal electrical resonance spectroscopy (PERS) technique can be used to quantitatively detect adsorbed vapors with femtogram (fg) mass resolution by high selectivity.
The vitamin D receptor regulates mitochondrial function in C2C12 myoblasts
Authors: Ashcroft Stephen P. , Bass Joseph J. , Kazi Abid A. , Atherton Philip J. , Philp Andrew
Published: January 2020

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to a reduction in skeletal muscle function and oxidative capacity; however, the mechanistic bases of these impairments are poorly understood. The biological actions of vitamin D are carried out via the binding of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Recent evidence has linked 1α,25(OH)2D3 to the regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in vitro; however, little is known with regard to the role of the VDR in this process. To examine the regulatory role of the VDR in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, we used lentivirus-mediated shRNA silencing of the VDR in C2C12 myoblasts (VDR-KD) and examined mitochondrial respiration and protein content compared with an shRNA scrambled control. VDR protein content was reduced by ~95% in myoblasts and myotubes ( P < 0.001). VDR-KD myoblasts displayed a 30%, 30%, and 36% reduction in basal, coupled, and maximal respiration, respectively ( P < 0.05). This phenotype was maintained in VDR-KD myotubes, displaying a 34%, 33%, and 48% reduction in basal, coupled, and maximal respiration ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, ATP production derived from oxidative phosphorylation (ATPOx) was reduced by 20%, suggesting intrinsic impairments within the mitochondria following VDR-KD. However, despite the observed functional decrements, mitochondrial protein content, as well as markers of mitochondrial fission were unchanged. In summary, we highlight a direct role for the VDR in regulating skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in vitro, providing a potential mechanism as to how vitamin D deficiency might impact upon skeletal muscle oxidative capacity.
TNFα selectively activates the IRE1α/XBP1 endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in human airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: Yap John , Chen Xujiao , Delmotte Philippe , Sieck Gary C.
Published: January 2020

Airway inflammation is a key aspect of diseases such as asthma. Proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα mediate the inflammatory response. In various diseases, inflammation leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the accumulation of unfolded proteins, which triggers homeostatic responses to restore normal cellular function. We hypothesized that TNFα triggers ER stress through an increase in reactive oxygen species generation in human airway smooth muscle (hASM) with a downstream effect on mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). In hASM cells isolated from lung specimens incidental to patient surgery, dose- and time-dependent effects of TNFα exposure were assessed. Exposure of hASM to tunicamycin was used as a positive control. Tempol (500 μM) was used as superoxide scavenger. Activation of three ER stress pathways were evaluated by Western blotting: 1) autophosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme1 (IRE1α) leading to splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1); 2) autophosphorylation of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) leading to phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α; and 3) translocation and cleavage of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). We found that exposure of hASM cells to tunicamycin activated all three ER stress pathways. In contrast, TNFα selectively activated the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Our results indicate that TNFα does not activate the PERK and ATF6 pathways. Exposure of hASM cells to TNFα also decreased Mfn2 protein expression. Concurrent exposure to TNFα and tempol reversed the effect of TNFα on IRE1α phosphorylation and Mfn2 protein expression. Selective activation of the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway in hASM cells after exposure to TNFα may reflect a unique homeostatic role of this pathway in the inflammatory response of hASM cells.
Interaction between regional lung volumes and ventilator-induced lung injury in the normal and endotoxemic lung
Authors: Yen Seiha , Preissner Melissa , Bennett Ellen , Dubsky Stephen , Carnibella Richard , Murrie Rhiannon , Fouras Andreas , Dargaville Peter A. , Zosky Graeme R.
Published: January 2020

Both overdistension and atelectasis contribute to lung injury and mortality during mechanical ventilation. It has been proposed that combinations of tidal volume and end-expiratory lung volume exist that minimize lung injury linked to mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to examine this at the regional level in the healthy and endotoxemic lung. Adult female BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in saline or with saline alone. Four hours later, mice were mechanically ventilated for 2 h. Regional specific end-expiratory volume (sEEV) and tidal volume (sVt) were measured at baseline and after 2 h of ventilation using dynamic high-resolution four-dimensional computed tomography images. The regional expression of inflammatory genes was quantified by quantitative PCR. There was a heterogenous response in regional sEEV whereby endotoxemia increased gas trapping at end-expiration in some lung regions. Within the healthy group, there was a relationship between sEEV, sVt, and the expression of Tnfa, where high Vt in combination with high EEV or very low EEV was associated with an increase in gene expression. In endotoxemia there was an association between low sEEV, particularly when this was combined with moderate sVt, and high expression of IL6. Our data suggest that preexisting systemic inflammation modifies the relationship between regional lung volumes and inflammation and that although optimum EEV-Vt combinations to minimize injury exist, further studies are required to identify the critical inflammatory mediators to assess and the effect of different injury types on the response.
Role of glucocorticoid signaling in exercise-associated changes in high-fat diet preference in rats
Authors: Yang Tiffany Y. , Gardner Jennie C. , Gao Zijun , Pan Yuan-Xiang , Liang Nu-Chu
Published: January 2020

The simultaneous introduction of wheel running (WR) and diet choice (high-carbohydrate chow vs. high-fat diet) results in sex-specific diet choice patterns in rats. WR induces a high-fat (HF) diet avoidance, and such avoidance persists in the majority of males, but not females, throughout a 2-wk period. Exercise is a physiological stressor that activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stimulates glucocorticoid (GC) release, which can alter dietary preferences. Here, we examined the role of the HPA axis and GC signaling in mediating exercise-induced changes in diet preference and the associated neurobiological adaptations that may underlie sex differences in diet choice patterns. Experiment 1 revealed that adrenalectomy did not significantly alter the initiation and persistence of running-induced HF diet avoidance in male rats. Experiment 2 showed that acute WR resulted in greater neural activation than chronic WR in the medial prefrontal (mPFC) and insular cortices (IC) in male rats. Experiment 3 revealed sex differences in the molecular adaptation to exercise and diet preference. First, exercise increased gene expression of fkbp5 in the mPFC, IC, and hippocampus of WR females but had limited influence in males. Second, male and female WR rats that reversed or maintained HF diet avoidance showed distinct sex- and HF diet preference-dependent expression profiles of genes involved in cortical GC signaling (e.g., nr3c1, nr3c2, and src1). Taken together, our results suggest sex differences in region-specific neural adaptations may underlie sex differences in diet preference and the health benefits from exercise.
Sex, blinking, and dry eye
Authors: Culoso Ashley , Lowe Cynthia , Evinger Craig
Published: January 2020

Blinking sustains the corneal tear film generated by sexually dimorphic lacrimal and meibomian glands. Our study examines whether trigeminal control of blinking is also sexually dimorphic by investigating trigeminal reflex blinking, associative blink modification, and spontaneous blinking in male and female rats before and after unilateral dry eye caused by exorbital gland removal. Before gland removal, female rats exhibited a lower threshold for evoking trigeminal reflex blinks, a weaker effect of associative blink modification, and longer-duration spontaneous blinks than males. Spontaneous blink rate, reflex blink excitability, and occurrence of blink oscillations did not differ between the sexes. Reanalysis of previous data showed that humans showed the same blink sexual dimorphisms as rats. During the first 2 wk of dry eye, trigeminal blink circuit excitability and blink oscillations steadily rose in male rats, whereas excitability and blink oscillations did not change in females. Following dry eye, spontaneous blink duration increased for both males and females, whereas spontaneous blink rate remained constant for males but decreased for females. The associative modification treatment to depress trigeminal blink amplitude initially produced blink depression in males that converted to blink potentiation as trigeminal excitability rose, whereas females exhibited progressively more blink depression. These data indicated that dry eye increased excitability in male trigeminal reflex blink circuits at the expense of circuit modifiability, whereas trigeminal modifiability increased in females. This increased modifiability of female trigeminal blink circuits with dry eye may contribute to the preponderance of females developing the focal dystonia, benign essential blepharospasm.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY All the elements controlling the corneal tear film are sexually dimorphic. Blinking, which smooths and maintains the tear film, also exhibits sex differences. Dry eye increases the sexual dimorphisms of blinking, including increased exaggeration of excitability in males and enhanced modifiability of the female trigeminal complex. This increased modifiability may explain female predominance in the development of the focal dystonia, benign essential blepharospasm.
A Multi-Objective Stochastic Model for an Earthquake Relief Network
Authors: Yenice Zeren D. , Samanlioglu Funda
Published: January 2020

Earthquake relief network involves storage and distribution of relief aid to people in need. In this paper, a new stochastic multi-objective mixed integer mathematical model is developed and implemented in Kadikoy municipality of Istanbul, Turkey in order to configure part of the earthquake relief network. The aim of the model is to help decision makers decide on the locations of storage areas for shelters pre-earthquake and distribution of shelters from these areas to temporary shelter areas post-earthquake while minimizing earthquake scenario-specific total expected distribution distance, total expected earthquake damage risk factor of storage areas and expected total penalty cost related to unsatisfied demand at temporary shelter areas, simultaneously. In the model, storage area capacity and coverage distance restrictions are taken into consideration. The data related to potential storage areas and shelter locations were obtained from Kadikoy municipality of Istanbul and Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM). The earthquake damage risk factors were determined based on possible earthquake scenarios given in Japan International Cooperation Agency’s (JICA) report. Four event scenarios with two different earthquake scenario likelihoods were considered and sample efficient solutions from the Pareto frontier were obtained implementing the normalized (scaled) weighted sum method.
Using Clustering Methods in Multinomial Logit Model for Departure Time Choice
Authors: Afandizadeh Zargari Shahriar , Safari Farshid
Published: January 2020

Travellers have to make some decisions for each trip, and one of them is the choice of departure time. Discrete choice models have been employed as an approach to departure time modelling by many researchers. In this method, preparing choice set is a primary challenge which involves the definition of some departure periods to be selected by the traveller. In this research, choice sets were formed by applying the clustering methods on departure times. Afterwards, we developed Multinomial Logit (MNL) models on different choice sets and compared the models. The data used throughout this research belonged to Mashhad City. Research results indicated that Ward’s hierarchical clustering method is improper for time discretization; furthermore, the K-means clustering method is more efficient than the expectation maximization and K-medoids methods in the time discretization for MNL modelling. The developed model (based on K-means clustering method) accurately predicts departure time for 58% of persons within the test group, which reflects the effectiveness of the resulting model compared to the 36% which is obtained without the model.
IGF2 Autocrine-Mediated IGF1R Activation Is a Clinically Relevant Mechanism of Osimertinib Resistance in Lung Cancer
Authors: Manabe Tadashi , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Terai Hideki , Kagiwada Harumi , Hamamoto Junko , Ebisudani Toshiki , Kobayashi Keigo , Masuzawa Keita , Ikemura Shinnosuke , Kawada Ichiro , Hayashi Yuichiro , Fukui Kazuhiko , Horimoto Katsuhisa , Fukunaga Koichi , Soejima Kenzo
Published: January 2020

EGFR-mutated lung cancer accounts for a significant proportion of lung cancer cases worldwide. For these cases, osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is extensively used as a first-line or second-line treatment. However, lung cancer cells acquire resistance to osimertinib in 1 to 2 years. Thus, a thorough clarification of resistance mechanisms to osimertinib is highly anticipated. Recent next-generation sequencing (NGS) of lung cancer samples identified several genetically defined resistance mechanisms to osimertinib, such as EGFR C797S or MET amplification. However, nongenetically defined mechanisms are not well evaluated. For a thorough clarification of osimertinib resistance, both genetic and nongenetic mechanisms are essential. By using our comprehensive protein phosphorylation array, we detected IGF1R bypass pathway activation after EGFR abolishment. Both of our established lung cancer cells and patient-derived lung cancer cells demonstrated IGF2 autocrine-mediated IGF1R pathway activation as a mechanism of osimertinib resistance. Notably, this resistance mechanism was not detected by a previously performed NGS, highlighting the essential roles of living cancer cells for a thorough clarification of resistance mechanisms. Interestingly, the immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the increased IGF2 expression in lung cancer patients who were treated with osimertinib and met the established clinical definition of acquired resistance. The findings highlight the crucial roles of cell-autonomous ligand expression in osimertinib resistance. Here, we report for the first time the IGF2 autocrine-mediated IGF1R activation as a nongenetic mechanism of osimertinib resistance in lung cancer at a clinically relevant level.

Implications:

Using comprehensive protein phosphorylation array and patient-derived lung cancer cells, we found that IGF2 autocrine-mediated IGF1R pathway activation is a clinically relevant and common mechanism of acquired resistance to osimertinib.
Report of Dialysis-Induced Hypophosphatemia Leading to Reversible Encephalopathy Prevented by Adding Phosphorus to the Dialysate
Authors: Koganti Divya , Sam Ramin
Published: January 2020

Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease have an inability to excrete phosphorus normally leading to high serum concentrations of phosphorus. The hyperphosphatemia is even more pronounced in dialysis patients who often require large doses of phosphorus binders to combat the problem. Hemodialysis is able to remove fair amount of the extra phosphorus; however, the removal is often hampered by the fact that the phosphorus is removed only from the extracellular compartment and phosphorus is mainly intracellular. The end result being a high serum phosphorus concentration at the beginning of dialysis, a sharp decline in the value by the end of dialysis and significant rebound of serum phosphorus concentration a few hours after stopping dialysis as phosphorus moves out of the cells. Here, we describe 2 hemodialysis patients with normal predialysis serum phosphorus concentration and preexisting conditions that made them at risk for developing encephalopathy who developed recurrent obtundation toward the end of the dialysis treatments. After confirming critical postdialysis hypophosphatemia, phosphorus was added to the dialysate baths and the episodes of encephalopathy associated with dialysis ceased.
Muir-Torre Syndrome Associated Periocular Sebaceous Neoplasms: Screening Patterns in the Literature and in Clinical Practice
Authors: Eiger-Moscovich Maya , Eagle Jr. Ralph C. , Shields Carol L. , Racher Hilary , Lally Sara E. , Silkiss Rona Z. , Shields Jerry A. , Milman Tatyana
Published: January 2020

Background: Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is defined clinically as the association of cutaneous sebaceous neoplasm and visceral malignancy. Ancillary tests are considered crucial for diagnosis. Although screening guidelines for MTS, including the Mayo MTS scoring system, have been proposed, there are no ophthalmic site-specific guidelines. Summary: A literature review conducted by PubMed search for articles describing patients with periocular sebaceous neoplasm and MTS disclosed 31 publications describing 60 patients, 36 (60%) of whom fulfilled clinical criteria for MTS, 6 (10%) whose diagnosis was based on screening ancillary studies, 14 (23%) who fulfilled clinical criteria and had supporting screening ancillary studies, and 4 (7%) who fulfilled clinical criteria and had supporting diagnostic genetic testing. Most patients were male (34 vs. 15 females), with a median age of 59 years (range 37–79 years). The most common diagnosis was sebaceous carcinoma (40/60, 67%), followed by sebaceous adenoma (16/60, 27%), followed by other tumors with sebaceous differentiation (4/60, 6%). The periocular lesions were identified prior to visceral malignancy in 10 out of 45 (22%) cases, after visceral malignancy in 34 out of 45 (76%) cases, and concurrently with visceral malignancy in 1 out of 45 (2%) cases. Immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins was performed in 41 out of 60 (68%) and 14 out of 38 (37%) of the tumors had lost MSH2. Based on Mayo-MTS scores of 2 or greater, and after removing visceral malignancies not included in their scoring algorithm, 26 out of 30 of patients (87%) with complete data were considered to be appropriate candidates for further work-up. A survey of current practice was conducted by questionnaires, distributed to ophthalmic pathologists, ocular oncologists, and oculoplastic surgeons from national and international professional societies. Of the 103 physicians who participated in the survey, 91 (88%) felt that MTS evaluation guidelines were not sufficiently clear. Key Messages: Our findings suggest that Mayo MTS screening guidelines may be applicable to periocular sebaceous neoplasms. The uncertainty of ophthalmic specialists about optimal screening guidelines for MTS reflects the heterogeneity of defining criteria for MTS and limited molecular genetic data. Larger studies with detailed clinical, histopathologic, and molecular genetic data are required to formally assess screening guidelines for MTS in patients with periocular sebaceous neoplasms.
Involvement of the Dorsal Hippocampus 5-HT1A Receptors in the Regulation of Depressive-Like Behaviors in Hemiparkinsonian Rats
Authors: Jiang Yi-Fan , Liu Jian , Yang Jie , Guo Yuan , Hu Wei , Zhang Jin , La Xue-Mei , Xie Wen , Wang Hui-Sheng , Zhang Li
Published: January 2020

Background: Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disturbances in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its pathophysiology is not definite. Lines of evidence have indicated that the hippocampus and serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors are related to the regulation of depression. Objective:The purpose of the present study was to observe the effect of 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal hippocampus (dHIP) on PD-related depression in rats. Methods: Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) was used to establish the hemiparkinsonian rat model. The effects of intra-dHIP injection of the 5-HT1A receptor ­agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT) or antagonist WAY-100635 on depressive-like behaviors were observed in sucrose preference and forced swim tests in control and lesioned rats. Monoamine levels including dopamine (DA), 5-HT, and noradrenaline (NA) in depression-related brain regions were determined by a neurochemical method in all groups. Results: Behavioral results showed that MFB lesions induced depressive-like behaviors. Intra-dHIP injection of 8-OH-DPAT produced antidepressant effects, while WAY-100635 induced or increased the depressive-like behaviors in both control and the lesioned rats. Neurochemical results found that intra-dHIP injection of 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased DA and 5-HT levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), lateral habenula (LHb), ventral hippocampus and amygdala in the lesioned group and decreased NA levels in the mPFC and LHb in the control group. Moreover, after injection of WAY-100635, NA levels in all these regions of the lesioned group were significantly increased. Conclusions: These findings suggest that hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors regulate depression and PD-related depression by neurochemical mechanisms.
Diagnoseerhebung mit strukturiertem Interview: Übereinstimmung von klinischem Urteil und Kinder-DIPS
Authors: Weber Lorenz , Christiansen Hanna , Chavanon Mira Lynn
Published: January 2020

Ziel: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es zu prüfen, inwieweit die im ambulanten Erstgespräch generierte klinische Diagnose mit der festgestellten Diagnose mittels struk­turiertem Interview (Kinder-DIPS) übereinstimmt. Zudem sollten beide Diagnosen hinsichtlich der konvergenten Va­lidität mit entsprechenden Skalen gängiger Fremd- und Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen (CBCL, YSR und TRF) untersucht werden. Methode: Der Datensatz einer kinder- und ­jugendpsychotherapeutischen Hochschulambulanz wurde anhand von 107 Patientinnen und Patienten im Alter zwischen 4 und 18 Jahren hinsichtlich der diagnostischen Übereinstimmung mittels Kappa-Koeffizient überprüft. Zuvor wurde die Interrater-Reliabilität der in der Ambulanz durchgeführten Kinder-DIPS-Interviews durch Gegencodieren von 30 Interviewvideos von Psychotherapeutinnen in Ausbildung durch einen erfahrenen Psychotherapeuten bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Auf den untersuchten Ebenen (spezifische Störung, Störungsoberklasse und Störungsart) wurden mäßige bis gute Übereinstimmungen erzielt. Die nach Erstgespräch und Kinder-DIPS diagnostizierten externalisierenden Störungen gehen mit höheren Werten auf den externalen Problemskalen der Fremdbeurteilungsbögen einher, wohingegen ermittelte internalisierende Störungen mit höheren Werten auf der internalen Problemskala des Selbstbeurteilungsbogens assoziiert sind. Bezüglich der Interrater-Reliabilität konnte anhand der untersuchten 30 Fälle eine hohe Übereinstimmung gefunden werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Einsatz des Kinder-DIPS in der Praxis bietet sich an, um die im Erstgespräch gestellte Verdachtsdiagnose präziser abzuprüfen. Therapeutinnen in Ausbildung profitieren von der Durchführung und stellen reliable Diagnosen.
Statins Directly Regulate Pituitary Cell Function and Exert Antitumor Effects in Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Vázquez-Borrego Mari C. , Fuentes-Fayos Antonio C. , Herrera-Martínez Aura D. , Venegas-Moreno Eva , L-López Fernando , Fanciulli Alessandro , Moreno-Moreno Paloma , Alhambra-Expósito María R. , Barrera-Martín Ana , Dios Elena , Blanco-Acevedo Cristóbal , Solivera Juan , Granata Riccarda , Kineman Rhonda D. , Gahete Manuel D. , Soto-Moreno Alfonso , Gálvez-Moreno María A. , Castaño Justo P. , Luque Raúl M.
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), the most abundant of all intracranial tumors, entail severe comorbidities. First-line therapy is transsphenoidal surgery, but subsequent pharmacological therapy is often required. Unfortunately, many patients are/become unresponsive to available drugs (somatostatin analogues [SSAs]/dopamine agonists), underscoring the need for new therapies. Statins are well-known drugs commonly prescribed to treat hyperlipidemia/cardiovascular diseases, but can convey additional beneficial effects, including antitumor actions. The direct effects of statins on normal human pituitary or PitNETs are poorly known. Thus, we aimed to explore the direct effects of statins, especially simvastatin, on key functional parameters in normal and tumoral pituitary cells, and to evaluate the combined effects of simvastatin with metformin (MF) or SSAs. Methods: Effects of statins in cell proliferation/viability, hormone secretion, and signaling pathways were evaluated in normal pituitary cells from a primate model (Papio anubis), tumor cells from corticotropinomas, somatotropinomas, nonfunctioning pituitary tumors, and PitNET cell-lines (AtT20/GH3-cells). Results: All statins decreased AtT20-cell proliferation, simvastatin showing stronger effects. Indeed, simvastatin reduced cell viability and/or hormone secretion in all PitNETs subtypes and cell-lines, and ACTH/GH/PRL/FSH/LH secretion (but not expression), in primate cell cultures, by modulating MAPK/PI3K/mTOR pathways and expression of key receptors (GH-releasing hormone-receptor/ghrelin-R/Kiss1-R) regulating pituitary function. Addition of MF or SSAs did not enhance simvastatin antitumor effects. Conclusion: Our data reveal direct antitumor effects of simvastatin on PitNET-cells, paving the way to explore these compounds as a possible tool to treat PitNETs.
Endogenous Endophthalmitis Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study in Western China
Authors: Yang Guoyuan , Huang Xi , Jiang Shanming , Xu Zhuping
Published: January 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical features, microbiology results, management and outcomes of patients with endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in western China. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of 10 eyes in 10 subjects diagnosed with endogenous K. pneumoniae endophthalmitis from January 2008 to December 2018 was undertaken. Results: The top 3 predisposing medical conditions included diabetes mellitus (50%), malignancy (20%) and cardiac stent implantation (10%). Extraocular infective foci were mainly found in the liver (40%), lungs (20%) and kidneys (10%). The positive culture rate was 85.71% (6/7) in vitreous samples, 83.33% (5/6) in blood samples and 100% (4/4) in body fluid samples. Only 20% of the patients, who had good initial visual acuity (VA) better than hand movement (HM), achieved a final VA better than 1.0 (log MAR). The mortality rate was 10%. Conclusions: Though the prognosis of endogenous K. pneumoniae endophthalmitis is often poor, patients with an initial VA better than HM may have a good prognosis under comprehensive treatments, including vitrectomy, systemic sensitive antibiotic injection and drainage of the primary infection loci.
Taxonomic studies on Ophiorrhiza in Vietnam I: Ophiorrhiza hiepii and O. hainanensis, a new species and new record from northern Vietnam

Authors: LIU WEN-JIAN , GAO QI , NGUYEN KHANG SINH , NGUYEN DZU VAN , WU LEI
Published: January 2020

Ophiorrhiza hiepii and O. hainanensis are reported as a new species and a new record for Vietnam respectively. O. hiepii is morphologically similar to O. subrubescens but differs by its smaller habit, usually unbranched stems, fewer secondary veins, umbelliform and sub-congested cymes, shorter corolla tubes and shorter stigma lobes in short-styled flowers. The mature flowers of O. hainanensis, which were unknown before, were measured in the wild for supplemental description of its floral characters. Additionally, the relationship between O. hainanensis and O. nutans, two easily confused species is clarified.
Lectotypification of the names Plantago weldenii and P. commutata (Plantaginaceae)

Authors: LAZZARO LORENZO , MUGNAI MICHELE , FERRETTI GIULIO , LAZZERI VALERIO , BRÄUCHLER CHRISTIAN , FOGGI BRUNO
Published: January 2020

Genus Plantago (Plantaginaceae) hosts more than 200 species with complicated nomenclature and taxonomy. Within section Coronopus the two taxa Plantago weldenii and P. commutata have either been treated as different taxa or merged together. As a basis for a thorough taxonomic revision of these taxa, we designate here lectotypes for the two names P. weldenii and P. commutata, also discussing the main typification issues.
1. Introduction
Authors: Edmond Jennifer
Published: January 2020

The volume begins with a metaphor that frames the study of humanistic research in the digital age with the imagery of a leaf falling and landing upon the surface of a river, the ripples representing the emerging entanglement of technology with the practices and values of humanistic research. Edmond introduces us to the complex heart of the debate, highlighting discussions raised during the 2013 Network for Digital Methods in the Arts and Humanities meeting and issues that scholarship is now facing including: validity, formality, conservatism, positivism, ownership and scepticism. Edmond draws attention to the impact of collaboration as well as the changing position of publishers as ‘gatekeepers’ of scholarship, strongly setting up the discussion of humanistic research in the midst of a complex and ever-evolving ecosystem of ideas, people, structures and institutions. The volume aims to shed new light on the shifting practices of humanistic research, facilitated by technology, from the perspective of its complex relationship with the far wider range of impulses from scholars and scholarship.
2. Publishing in the Digital Humanities
Authors: van der Weel Adriaan , Praal Fleur
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores the discrepancy between the communication opportunities offered by new scholarly outputs and the strong adherence to traditional, formal publications. The authors view the digital humanities as not just a divergent scholarly field but also a disruptive one in which publication practices diverge less from traditional practices than expected of a community increasingly grounded in online values. Four functions of formal publishing that embody fundamental academic values are identified: registration, certification, dissemination, and archiving. This framework is used to analyse the inherent properties of the new digital medium and how they are destabilising paper-based conventions. From the perspective of a scholarly author as a primary stakeholder, this article argues that the limited evolution of scholarly communication in the digital humanities is a result of the intertwining of the values of scholarship and the functions of traditional publishing.
Intraoperative Imaging Research for Paraclinoid Aneurysms Using the Indocyanine Green Angiography Technique
Authors: Jiantaowang  , Si Wen , Kan Zhisheng , Wang Shuo
Published: January 2020

Background: Paraclinoid aneurysms are a challenging type of intracranial aneurysms due to their surrounding anatomy. Residual aneurysm after microsurgical clipping carries a risk of aneurysm growth and rupture. Microscope-integrated near-infrared indocyanine green angiography
(ICGA) is a new technique that allows for real-time evaluation of blood flow in the aneurysm and vessels. It is increasingly utilized to confirm optimal clip positioning across the neck and to evaluate the adjacent vasculature. Objective: To explore the intraoperative research of neuroimaging
assessment of neck residuals and patency of branches for paraclinoid aneurysms using the indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) technique in the surgery. Methods: From January 2009 to December 2014, a retrospective study to evaluate the intraoperative value of ICGA in patients who underwent
microsurgical clipping of paraclinoid aneurysms was performed. Intraoperative ICGA was performed using a fluorescence microscope before and after clipping. After the operation, three-dimensional CT angiography (CTA), digital substraction angiography (DSA) were used to evaluate the use of intraoperative
ICGA. The presence and patency of the parent artery and perforating artery around the aneurysm, and the information of aneurysm were analyzed in the surgical field through intraoperative imaging. These findings of ICGA were compared with those of postoperative DSA or CTA. Results: The
study included 69 cases of adults and three out of them were noted as having significantly changed information provided by intraoperative ICGA. After initial clip placement, neck remnants of the aneurysm were found in 1 patient, inadvertent clipping of branching vessels in 2 patients, and
inadvertent clipping of perforating vessels in two patients. After adjusting the aneurysm clipping, no such unexpected findings as parent or branching artery occlusion, or aneurysm sac omission were found on postoperative angiograms. The postoperative DSA and CTA results were consistent with
the intraoperative ICGA findings. Conclusions: Microscope-integrated ICGA is useful in the clipping of paraclinoid aneurysms to monitor residual aneurysm, parent artery stenosis or perforating artery occlusion during paraclinoid aneurysm clipping. A combination of ICGA and microsurgical
techniques may ultimately prove to be the most effective strategy for maximizing the safety and efficacy of aneurysm surgery.