bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring spatial–temporal dynamics of fire regime features in mainland Spain
Authors: Jiménez-Ruano Adrián , Rodrigues Mimbrero Marcos , de la Riva Fernández Juan
Published: October 2017

Abstract. This paper explores spatial–temporal dynamics in fire regime features, such as fire frequency, burnt area, large fires and natural- and human-caused fires, as an essential part of fire regime characterization. Changes in fire features are analysed at different spatial – regional and provincial/NUTS3 – levels, together with summer and winter temporal scales, using historical fire data from Spain for the period 1974–2013. Temporal shifts in fire features are investigated by means of change point detection procedures – Pettitt test, AMOC (at most one change), PELT (pruned exact linear time) and BinSeg (binary segmentation) – at a regional level to identify changes in the time series of the features. A trend analysis was conducted using the Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope tests at both the regional and NUTS3 level. Finally, we applied a principal component analysis (PCA) and varimax rotation to trend outputs – mainly Sen's slope values – to summarize overall temporal behaviour and to explore potential links in the evolution of fire features. Our results suggest that most fire features show remarkable shifts between the late 1980s and the first half of the 1990s. Mann–Kendall outputs revealed negative trends in the Mediterranean region. Results from Sen's slope suggest high spatial and intra-annual variability across the study area. Fire activity related to human sources seems to be experiencing an overall decrease in the northwestern provinces, particularly pronounced during summer. Similarly, the Hinterland and the Mediterranean coast are gradually becoming less fire affected. Finally, PCA enabled trends to be synthesized into four main components: winter fire frequency (PC1), summer burnt area (PC2), large fires (PC3) and natural fires (PC4).
Review article: The use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) for natural hazards monitoring and management
Authors: Giordan Daniele , Hayakawa Yuichi , Nex Francesco , Remondino Fabio , Tarolli Paolo
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The number of scientific studies that consider possible applications of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) for the management of natural hazards effects and the identification of occurred damages are strongly increased in last decade. Nowadays, in the scientific community, the use of these systems is not a novelty, but a deeper analysis of literature shows a lack of codified complex methodologies that can be used not only for scientific experiments but also for normal codified emergency operations. RPAS can acquire on-demand ultra-high resolution images that can be used for the identification of active processes like landslides or volcanic activities but also for the definition of effects of earthquakes, wildfires and floods. In this paper, we present a review of published literature that describes experimental methodologies developed for the study and monitoring of natural hazards.
Impact of intraseasonal wind bursts on SST variability in the
far eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean during boreal spring
2005 and 2006. Focus on the mid-May 2005 event
Authors: Herbert Gaëlle , Bourlès Bernard
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The impact of spring intraseasonal wind bursts on sea surface temperature variability in the eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean in 2005 and 2006 is investigated using numerical simulation and observations. We specially focus on the few documented coastal region east of 5° E and between the equator and 7° S. For both years, the southerly winds strengthening induced cooling events through i) upwelling processes; ii) vertical mixing due to vertical shear of zonal current; and for some particular events iii) a decrease of incoming surface shortwave radiation. The strength of the cooling events was modulated by subsurface conditions affected by the arrival of Kelvin waves from the west influencing the depth of the thermocline. Once impinging the eastern boundary, the Kelvin waves excited westward-propagating Rossby waves which, combined with the effect of enhanced westward surface currents, contributed to the westward extension of the cold water. A particularly strong wind event occurred in mid-May 2005 and caused an anomalous strong cooling off Cape-Lopez and in the whole eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean. From the analysis of oceanic and atmospheric conditions during this particular event, it appears that anomalous strong spring wind strengthening associated to anomalous strong Hadley cell activity made the event as a decisive event which prematurely triggered the rainfall coastal onset in the northern Gulf of Guinea. Results show that no similar atmospheric conditions were observed over the 1998–2008 period. It is also found that the anomalous oceanic and atmospheric conditions associated to the event exerted strong influence on rainfall off Northeast Brazil. This study highlights the different processes through which the wind power from South Atlantic is brought to the ocean in the Gulf of Guinea and emphasizes the need to further document and monitor the South Atlantic region.
Estimating relationships between snow water equivalent, snow covered area, and topography to extend the Airborne Snow Observatory dataset
Authors: Schneider Dominik , Molotch Noah P. , Deems Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. A new spatio-temporal dataset from the ongoing Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) provides an unprecedented look at the spatial and temporal patterns of snow water equivalent (SWE) over multiple years in the Tuolumne Basin, California, USA. We found that fractional snow covered area (fSCA) significantly improves our ability to model the distribution of SWE based on relationships between SWE, fSCA, and topography. Further, the broad availability of satellite images of fSCA facilitates the transfer of these relationship to different years with minimal degradation in performance (r2 = 0.85, % MAE = 33 %, % Bias = 1 %) compared with models fit on the same day, by considering variations in SWE depth as expressed by differences in fSCA between years. The crux of this proposition is in selecting the model to transfer. We offer a method with which to select a model from another year based on the similarity in SWE distribution at existing snow pillows in the area. Comparison of the best transferred predictions and the selected predictions results in a mild decrease in r2 (0.02) and moderate increases in % MAE (15 %) and % Bias (10 %). The results motivate further refinement in the technique used to select the best model because if these dates can be identified then SWE can be modeled at accuracy levels equivalent to models generated from ASO data collected on the day of interest. Lastly, we found that models from ASO observations of anomalously low snowpacks in 2015 still transferred to other years, although the same cannot be said for the reverse. This research provides a first attempt at extending the value of ASO beyond the observations and we expect ASO will continue to provide insights for improving water resource management for years to come.
Reseña de Roles situacionales, interculturalidad y multiculturalidad en encuentros en español,
Authors: Jiménez Rodríguez Marina
Published: October 2017

Reseña de Roles situacionales, interculturalidad y multiculturalidad en encuentros en español,
EVALUATION OF NAWAAT COVERAGE OF THE POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS IN TUNISIA AFTER THE JASMINE REVOLUTION
Authors: SEBEI Hatem
Published: October 2017

This paper adopts a systemic functional linguistics as a paradigm to analyse postings on social media. This paradigmatic relationship is based on a combination of form and meaning. It adopts a Bakhtinian dialogic view of language and discourse. His viewpoint is built on the idea that every’s speaker voice is imbued with traces of previous voices and is in anticipation of other voices. This research shows how bloggers engage readers, how they negotiate and position themselves vis-à-vis the other voices. The current study adopts the Engagement framework as an analytical tool to evaluate the language used in Nawaat to cover the political assassinations in Tunisia. The current research focuses on the writer’s comments, description of the political assassinations. It also focuses on the writer’s comments, description and claims of external voices. Building solidarity and entente with readers who share and hold the same vision is also a matter of concern.
HISTÓRIA IMAGINADA, LEMBRANÇA REAL
Authors: BIAZETTO Flávia Cristina Bandeca
Published: October 2017

A proposta deste estudo é analisar comparativamente a maneira como António Lobo Antunes e Mia Couto retratam o contexto de guerra em suas crônicas e como os narradores se valem da imaginação para refugiar-se do conflito. Para isso, enfocamos nossas análises nos textos “No fundo do sofrimento uma janela aberta”, publicado em “Livro de Crônicas” do escritor português e “Pescador na ida, herói na chegada” publicado em “Cronicando”, do autor moçambicano. Ao abordarem episódios relacionados à guerra, eles propõem também uma releitura do processo histórico de seus países e incitam seus leitores à criticidade em relação aos fatos retratados. A partir da articulação entre História e Ficção, os autores explicitam os mecanismos de sustentação da guerra e particularizam os efeitos do conflito nas relações humanas, dando-lhes perspectivas divergentes, notadamente, utópica e melancólica.
A AUSÊNCIA DE UM DISCURSO AMOROSO NAS LITERATURAS AFRICANAS DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA: O CASO NOÉMIA DE SOUSA
Authors: BONINI Roseleine Vitor
Published: October 2017

Partindo do pressuposto de que existe uma ausência do discurso amoroso nas literaturas africanas de língua portuguesa, esse texto tem por objetivo refletir sobre quais os aspectos que estariam relacionados com essa não-presença. Para tanto, resolvemos investigar a obra da escritora moçambicana Noémia de Sousa (1926 – 2002) e utilizamos como suporte teórico a obra “Fragmentos de um Discurso Amoroso” (1977), de Roland Barthes. Para a consecução do objetivo, apontamos para o contexto de guerra de libertação, que talvez sugerisse para os autores engajados do período que aquele não seria o momento mais adequado para se proferir uma fala sobre o amor.
STANISŁAW LEM: FICÇÃO NA ENCRUZILHADA DA CIÊNCIA COM A METAFÍSICA
Authors: SIEWIERSKI Henryk
Published: October 2017

Este artigo discute, no âmbito da metafísica, o “eu poroso” e o “eu armado”, partindo uma radiografia das intuições religiosas e ateístas do século XX. A formulação teórica tem como base as conclusões do filósofo canadense Charles Taylor, na sua obra A Secular Age, que faz uma antinomia entre duas formulações do eu: o “eu poroso” (ou: self poroso) e o “eu armado” (ou: self protegido). O primeiro caso refere-se a um eu que se fez presente em eras passadas e que se deixava penetrar por crenças, superstições, anjos e demônios. O segundo é a forma contemporânea do eu armado e protegido com as conquistas da razão no campo da ciência e avanços da tecnologia. Ao contrário do eu poroso o eu armado tem sua autonomia garantida em face de elementos transcendentais e metafísicos. O corpus para a aplicação da teoria exposta é o escritor, filósofo e futurólogo polonês Stanisław Lem (1921, Lvov – 2006, Cracóvia), considerado um dos clássicos da ficção científica do século XX. Em sua obra ficcional, sobretudo, em Fantástico e futurologia a interface entre a ciência e a metafísica possibilita demonstrar a proposta de Charles Taylor. Aliás, o propósito deste ensaio é justamente apresentar essa interface, de modo a empregar a ficção como ação privilegiada para se colocar em questão os julgamentos acerca da ausência do “eu poroso”, ou do seu caráter anacrônico, no mundo “desencantado” de hoje.
Liquidaties nieuwe stijl
Authors: van Gestel B. , Verhoeven M.A.
Published: October 2017

Contract killings in a new style.The coarsening and professionalization in contract killings in the Netherlands.

While contract killings by organized crime groups are by no means new to the Netherlands (with around twenty to thirty cases a year over the last few decades), there is reason to believe that the nature of the killings has changed. The key question of this article is which recent developments can be identified in relation to the phenomenon of contract killings. The availability of new groups of hitmen and new means has led to a number of changes in modus operandi for contract killings within organized crime. On the one hand, there is a process of professionalization when it comes to methods of observation and counterstrategies, which involves the use of the latest technological tools. The digitization of resources and traces plays a significant part in this. On the other hand, the perpetrators are resorting to much coarser methods for the actual killings. This may be attributed to the abundance of heavy firearms available in the Netherlands and to new inexperienced homegrown hitmen, who are willing to kill in exchange for payment.
‘Hitman, at your service’: een crime-scriptanalyse van liquidaties in Nederland
Authors: de Korte L.R.
Published: October 2017

‘Hitman, at your service’: a crime script analysis of contract killings in the Netherlands

Contract killings in the Netherlands have been a common phenomenon for the last two decades. In those two decades, the killings have become more violent and they are often executed in public spaces. Despite their big societal impact, scientific research into the contract killings is not available. This article aims to broaden the empirical basis of contract killings by studying the killings through crime script analysis. The focus of the article is on the objects and facilitators necessary for the preparations of the killings. First, the analysis of six police files showed that stolen vehicles, machine guns, and technical equipment like encrypted phones and tracking equipment are very often used in the preparation of a contract killing. Second, spy shops facilitated the contract killings by ensuring safe communication for the hitmen and by using tracking equipment the specific location of the victim is easily available. Finally, the analysis shows that hitmen were hired to execute the killings.
Spreken is lood
Authors: Leistra G.
Published: October 2017

Speech is lead. Is the government able to protect threatened witnesses?

This article focuses on witness protection programs for (former) criminals who witness against suspects in criminal procedures. It goes without saying that these witnesses run the risk of becoming the target of a contract killing. The author describes the conditions of admission to a witness protection program, as well as the various existing types of protection. Witnesses themselves are often not very enthusiastic about the program. Since they themselves have a criminal past, they look at the police as their enemy and often prefer to receive a lump sum and arrange their safety themselves, as becomes clear from several examples provided by the author.
Adding access to a video magnifier to standard vision rehabilitation: initial results on reading performance and well-being from a prospective, randomized study
Authors: Jackson Mary Lou , Schoessow Kimberly A. , Selivanova Alexandra , Wallis Jennifer
Published: October 2017

PurposeBoth optical and electronic magnification are available to patients with low vision. Electronic video magnifiers are more expensive than optical magnifiers, but they offer additional benefits, including variable magnification and contrast. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of access to a video magnifier (VM) added to standard comprehensive vision rehabilitation (VR).

MethodsIn this prospective study, 37 subjects with central field loss were randomized to receive standard VR (VR group, 18 subjects) or standard VR plus VM (VM group, 19 subjects). Subjects read the International Reading Speed Texts (IReST), a bank check, and a phone number at enrollment, at 1 month, and after occupational therapy (OT) as indicated to address patient goals. The Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire, a version of the Activity Inventory (AI), and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were administered at enrollment, 1 month, after OT, 1 month later, and 1 year after enrollment. Assessments at enrollment and 1 month later were evaluated.

ResultsAt 1 month, the VM group displayed significant improvement in reading continuous print as measured by the IReST (P = 0.01) but did not differ on IVI, AI, or DASS. From enrollment to 1 month all subjects improved in their ability to spot read (phone number and check; P < 0.01 for both). The VM group improved in their ability to find and read a number in a phone book more than the VR group at 1 month after initial consultation (P = 0.02). All reported better well-being (P = 0.02).

ConclusionsAll subjects reported better well-being on the IVI. The VM group read faster and was better at two spot reading tasks but did not differ from the VR group in other outcome measures.
An erosive lesion in the orbital apex as the presenting sign of sarcoidosis
Authors: Nasrazadani David , Quick Anjulie K. , White William A.
Published: October 2017

Sarcoidosis is an autoimmune granulomatous disease that can affect any organ system in the body. Ocular and orbital manifestations are relatively common. Osseous involvement is rare and usually involves bones of the appendicular skeleton. We present an unusual case of an erosive sarcoid granuloma in a 48-year-old woman that involved the orbital apex. This case highlights diagnosis, treatment, and the importance of full systemic workup to determine the extent of the disease.
A 71-year-old woman with decreased vision, nyctalopia, and peripheral vision loss
Authors: Parikh Ravi , Materin Miguel A. , Lesser Robert , Baehring Joachim , Sznol Mario , Galvin Jennifer A.
Published: October 2017

A 71-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University, for an evaluation of decreased vision, worsening night vision, and peripheral vision loss in the left eye of 3 months’ duration. She had a history of right ductal breast carcinoma in 1993 that was treated with a lumpectomy and radiation, with no known metastases. She also had a stage II-A melanoma of the left arm excised in 2011, gout, and hypertension. She denied flashes, floaters, or eye pain and had no history of eye surgery or eye trauma. Family history of eye disease was noncontributory.
Surprises during intravitreal drug delivery—a report of three cases
Authors: Venkatesh Pradeep , Chawla Rohan , Shah Bhavin , Garg Sat Pal
Published: October 2017

We describe 3 cases with unusual events during and after intravitreal injection of dexamethasone intravitreal implants and bevacizumab. In case 1, delayed release of the safety stop of a dexamethasone intravitreal implant injector led to impaction and retinal break formation. Timely recognition and laser treatment prevented further retinal complications. In case 2, reinjection of a second dexamethasone intravitreal implant from the same site as the first injection was noted to dislodge the remnant of the previous implant from the vitreous base. In case 3, translucent floating particles were noted in the vitreous after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab from ampules procured from our dispensing pharmacy.
Optical coherence tomography findings and successful repair of retina detachment in Knobloch syndrome
Authors: Ebrahimiadib Nazanin , Modjtahedi Bobeck S. , Ferenchak Kevin , Papakostas Thanos , Mantagos Jason S. , Vavvas Demetrios G.
Published: October 2017

A 7-year-old Afghani girl was referred to the retina clinic of Massachusetts Eye and Ear for a chronic-appearing, macula-off retinal detachment in the left eye. On examination, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/400 in the right eye and 20/800 in the left eye. She had bilateral horizontal nystagmus. Ophthalmoscopy revealed prominent choroidal vessels, chorioretinal atrophy in the macular area, attenuated retinal vasculature, and pale optic discs bilaterally. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated atrophy of the choriocapillaris and the retinal pigment epithelium, retinal thinning, and abnormal foveal contour. In the right eye, findings were reminiscent of dome shape maculopathy with an adjacent lesion suspicious for inactive choroidal neovascularization. A suspected diagnosis of Knobloch syndrome was confirmed by genetic testing, which showed a homozygous variant in exon 33 of the COL18A1 gene defined as c.3213dupC. She underwent cryotherapy and scleral buckling surgery in the left eye and remained attached bilaterally at 3 years’ follow-up, with progressive myopia and best-corrected visual acuity of 20/100 in the right eye and 20/125 in the left eye.
A 56-year-old man with acute vision loss
Authors: Akritidou Fani , Karafyloglou Maria , Karamanis Dimitrios
Published: October 2017

A 56-year-old man was referred to the Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Kavala, for evaluation of vision loss in his right eye. He had undergone surgical removal of a gastric tumor 15 days previously. Two days before surgery, he complained of slightly blurred vision and mild bulbar pain exacerbated by ocular movement. Immediately after surgery he reported considerable visual impairment. His past ocular history was otherwise unremarkable. Except for the recently diagnosed and treated gastric tumor, he had no other known chronic medical conditions; he did not use scheduled medications and had no known allergies. His family history was remarkable for diabetes mellitus. He worked as a civil servant and did not smoke, drink, or use drugs.
A 24-year-old woman with rapidly progressing vision loss
Authors: Modabber Milad , Gupta Vasudha , Rodriguez Amadeo R.
Published: October 2017

A 24-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, for urgent neuro-ophthalmological evaluation following rapidly progressive vision loss and a 3-week history of constant, severe headache. The patient was otherwise healthy with no past medical or ophthalmic history. She had no previous history of such episodes, and she denied any history of recent trauma or infection. Her body mass index was 31, with a reported weight loss of 10 kg over the last 4 months. She was on oral contraceptives but denied taking any other medication.
Doctoral Students’ Engagement in Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia: Nature, Sources and Challenges
Authors: Desie Yekoyealem , Tefera Belay
Published: October 2017

Doctoral education cultivates thinkers and researchers. This study investigated the engagement of 67 doctoral students conveniently sampled from different departments of Addis Ababa University. Engagement was operationalised in terms of vigour, dedication and absorption in academic activities and measured by the adapted Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for students (UWES-S). Qualitative data were also gathered to explore the sources and challenges of engagement. The results show that 62.7 percent of these doctoral students reported an average level of engagement and that there were no differences in terms of gender and field of study. The need for professional growth, a sense of contribution, social recognition, and improved employability and income were found to be important sources of engagement. Inadequate research funds, poor facilities, extended coursework, difficulty balancing family and academic responsibilities, and relational concerns with supervisors were the major challenges of engagement.
mumpce_py: A Python Implementation of the Method of Uncertainty Minimization Using Polynomial Chaos Expansions
Authors: Sheen David A.
Published: October 2017

The Method of Uncertainty Minimization using Polynomial Chaos Expansions (MUM-PCE) was developed as a software tool to constrain physical models against experimental measurements. These models contain parameters that cannot be easily determined from first principles and so must be measured, and some which cannot even be easily measured. In such cases, the models are validated and tuned against a set of global experiments which may depend on the underlying physical parameters in a complex way. The measurement uncertainty will affect the uncertainty in the parameter values.
Block Crossings in Storyline Visualizations
Authors: Van Dijk Thomas , Fink Martin , Fischer Norbert , Lipp Fabian , Markfelder Peter , Ravsky Alexander , Suri Subhash , Wolff Alexander
Published: October 2017

Storyline visualizations help visualize encounters of the
characters in a story over time. Each character is represented by
an x-monotone curve that goes from left to right visualizing
progression of time. A meeting is
represented by having the characters that participate in the meeting
run close together for some time. In order to keep the visual
complexity low, rather than just minimizing pairwise crossings of
curves, we propose to count block crossings, that is, pairs
of intersecting bundles of lines. In a block crossing, two blocks of
parallel lines intersect each other, which is less distracting
than the same number of individual crossings being spread over the
drawing.

In this paper, we show that minimizing the number of block crossings
is NP-hard, even if all meetings are of size 2. For this special
case, we present a greedy heuristic, which we evaluate
experimentally. We show that the general case is fixed-parameter
tractable. Our main results is a constant-factor approximation
algorithm for meetings of bounded size. The algorithm is based on
(approximately) solving a hyperedge deletion problem on hypergraphs
that may be of independent interest.
Le conte de Cendrillon : de la Chine à l’Acadie sur les ailes de la tradition
Authors: Labelle Ronald
Published: October 2017

Le titre de l’article reflète le fait que le conte bien connu de Cendrillon a connu un long parcours à partir de ses origines asiatiques jusqu’au Canada français. C’est le conte qui a connu le plus grand nombre d’études comparatives depuis la première parue en 1879. Cendrillon représente le conte type 510A de la typologie Aarne-Thompson- Uther (Atu) et partage plusieurs éléments avec d’autres contes apparentés, dont Atu 480, Les Fées, ou Les Fées reconnaissantes. En tout, 35 versions du conte ont été recueillies en Acadie, soit le tiers du total répertorié dans la francophonie. Enfin, la « Cendrillouse » acadienne ressemble peu au personnage familier des contes de Perrault. On trouve même dans nos versions des détails scatologiques qui rappellent les fabliaux du Moyen-Âge.
La pêche à l’anguille sur la Côte-du-Sud
Authors: Douville Judith
Published: October 2017

La pêche à l’anguille se faisait bien avant l’arrivée des Européens sur notre continent. Elle s’est pratiquée avec succès partout le long du Saint-Laurent pendant des siècles. Elle faisait partie du paysage côtier autant que du mode de vie saisonnier des pêcheurs et de leur communauté. Quelques-uns font encore la pêche à l’anguille au Kamouraska et perpétuent avec passion une tradition familiale transmise par l’oralité et l’observation du geste. Ces pêcheurs nous ont communiqué leurs savoirs et savoir-faire et ont démystifié la capture de ce poisson d’exception. La technique et les engins de pêche, l’historique de cette pratique et la problématique de ce patrimoine fragilisé font l’objet de cet article.
La chasse au chevreuil chez les frères Normand dans les Cantons de l’Est
Authors: Normand Germaine
Published: October 2017

Ce texte a été produit dans le cadre d’un séminaire de maîtrise en sociologie à la fin des années 1970. À la suite d’enquêtes orales auprès de ses quatre frères, l’auteure s’est d’abord attardée à étudier cette chasse, à en décrire sa structure, son organisation et son déroulement. Par la suite, cette chasse a été analysée sous les angles de la fête, de la cérémonie et du jeu. Cette recherche lui a permis de préciser son projet de mémoire de maîtrise et de circonscrire son nouveau terrain de prédilection : la nouvelle vie sur les terres acquises et cultivées par les cinq familles immigrées de Charlevoix à la fin des années 1910 sous l’impulsion de son père François, organisateur de cette migration dans les Cantons de l’Est.
Chronique du Centre de conservation du Québec
Authors: Champagne Nicole , Belleau Claude , Brulotte Mireille , O’Malley Michael
Published: October 2017

Pour cette deuxième collaboration à Rabaska, le Centre de conservation du Québec (Ccq), nous offre trois textes préparés par une restauratrice et deux restaurateurs afin de faire connaître des projets de restauration « coup de coeur » regroupés sous le thème du patrimoine religieux. Claude Belleau, de l’atelier des sculptures, traite de la restauration d’une sculpture provenant d’un corbillard pour enfants ; Mireille Brulotte décrit la restauration d’un fauteuil garni faisant partie du trésor classé de l’église de Notre-Dame-de-Lorette ; enfin, Michael O’Malley, restaurateur de peintures, présente plusieurs projets de restauration de peintures qui ont permis d’en assurer la pérennité.
Ceintures fléchées : iconographie 1778-1928
Authors: Genest-LeBlanc Monique
Published: October 2017

Cet article souligne l’importance, la popularité qu’eut une ceinture de laine colorée apparue vers 1776 éventuellement nommée ceinture fléchée. Nous avons relevé les noms de 29 artistes qui entre 1778 et 1928 ont inclus dans leurs oeuvres des personnages portant cette ceinture. Ceci confirmant ce que nous ont livré dans leurs récits de voyage ou journaux personnels des visiteurs étrangers, britanniques et allemands, décrivant la ceinture de l’habitant du Canada. Plusieurs oeuvres sont citées, titres, endroits où on peut les voir. Quelques-unes sont reproduites attestant de sa présence et de son rayonnement vers l’ouest du pays et parfois outre frontière. Ces témoignages appuient la valeur patrimoniale de cet accessoire du costume du Canadien qui eut une grande importance au pays durant de nombreuses années.
Le folklore et les femmes
Authors: Lacourcière Luc , Pichette Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2017

En 1957, l’Association des médecins de langue française du Canada tenant son xxviie congrès à Québec, avait convié le titulaire de la chaire de folklore de l’Université Laval à livrer une conférence, non pas aux médecins, mais à leurs épouses au cours d’un déjeuner-causerie le 24 septembre. Pour la circonstance, Luc Lacourcière avait choisi un sujet qui ferait le pont entre sa spécialité et son auditoire : le folklore et les femmes. L’exposé se divisait en trois points. À la suite d’un préambule spécifiant avec humour le mandat qu’on lui avait donné, le conférencier s’intéressait d’abord aux femmes folkloristes, celles qui avaient laissé leur marque dans la cueillette ou dans l’étude des traditions populaires ; ensuite, il présentait quelques informatrices notables, les centenaires, les sages-femmes, les conteuses, qui avaient transmis aux chercheurs une partie de leur répertoire ; puis, en finale, il analysait brièvement le rôle que jouent les femmes dans les fictions populaires, contes réalistes, merveilleux ou facétieux.
Co-targeting the tumor endothelium and P-selectin-expressing glioblastoma cells leads to a remarkable therapeutic outcome
Authors: Ferber Shiran , Tiram Galia , Sousa-Herves Ana , Eldar-Boock Anat , Krivitsky Adva , Scomparin Anna , Yeini Eilam , Ofek Paula , Ben-Shushan Dikla , Vossen Laura Isabel , Licha Kai , Grossman Rachel , Ram Zvi , Henkin Jack , Ruppin Eytan , Auslander Noam , Haag Rainer , Calderón Marcelo , Satchi-Fainaro Ronit
Published: October 2017

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor. Current standard-of-care results in a marginal therapeutic outcome, partly due to acquirement of resistance and insufficient blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of chemotherapeutics. To circumvent these limitations, we conjugated the chemotherapy paclitaxel (PTX) to a dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS) nanocarrier. dPGS is able to cross the BBB, bind to P/L-selectins and accumulate selectively in intracranial tumors. We show that dPGS has dual targeting properties, as we found that P-selectin is not only expressed on tumor endothelium but also on glioblastoma cells. We delivered dPGS-PTX in combination with a peptidomimetic of the anti-angiogenic protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1 PM). This combination resulted in a remarkable synergistic anticancer effect on intracranial human and murine glioblastoma via induction of Fas and Fas-L, with no side effects compared to free PTX or temozolomide. This study shows that our unique therapeutic approach offers a viable alternative for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Contribución de los Componentes de la Memoria de Trabajo a la Eficiencia en Aritmética Básica Durante la Edad Escola
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Castro Danilka , Amor Valeska ,   Centro de Neurociencias de Cuba, Gómez David Maximiliano ,   Universidad de Chile, Dartnell Pablo ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: October 2017

Aunque existen múltiples evidencias respecto de la relación entre la memoria de trabajo (MT) y el rendimiento aritmético, los resultados aún son inconsistentes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la contribución única de cada componente de la MT (bucle fonológico, agenda visuo-espacial y ejecutivo central) a la explicación de la varianza de la eficiencia en aritmética básica, durante diferentes momentos del desarrollo escolar. Se evaluaron 285 estudiantes (M edad: 9,58 años, DE = 1,79) de 5 establecimientos educacionales de Santiago y Chillán, Chile, con y sin dificultades en aritmética básica, a través de tareas de MT. Análisis de regresiones jerárquicas mostraron que los componentes de la MT tienen una contribución única a la varianza de la eficiencia en aritmética básica, pero esta varía durante el desarrollo escolar. Análisis de varianza mostraron diferencias en el funcionamiento de la MT entre estudiantes con y sin dificultades en aritmética, lo cual sugiere que el origen de estas dificultades podría estar muy asociado a la MT. Estos resultados tienen especial relevancia para explicar el desarrollo de la cognición numérica durante la edad escolar.
Factors influencing psychoactive substance use among adolescents in public secondary schools in Uganda
Authors: Rukundo Aloysius , Kibanja Grace , Steffens Karl
Published: October 2017

Rukundo, A., Kibanja, G., & Steffens, K. (2017). Factors influencing psychoactive substance use among adolescents in public secondary schools in Uganda. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 6(1), 69-76. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.237Introduction: Studies exploring psychoactive substance use (PASU) among adolescents report a variety of both intrapersonal and interpersonal negatively and positively reinforcing factors. While existing studies have looked at factors affecting PASU among adolescents in general, little has been done to explore such factors in schools.Objective: This paper examines the factors that influence PASU among adolescents in Ugandan public schools.Methods: The study generated data from 12 focus group discussions (FGDs), based on a qualitative, cross-sectional exploratory design using purposive sampling. We used a focus group guide based on the question “What factors influence use ofResults: All focus groups noted peer pressure as the strongest factor influencing use of substances in schools, with relief from domestic stress being identified as the second strongest factor. The FGDs tackled other factors related to PASU in public schools in Uganda, though not to as big of an extent.Conclusion: Present study results generally seem to suggest that PASU among adolescents in public schools is a result of the interaction between adolescents, the substances in question, and the environment in which those adolescents live.
Interpreting Observations of Large‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances by Ionospheric Sounders
Authors: Pederick L. H. , Cervera M. A. , Harris T. J.
Published: October 2017

From July to October 2015, the Australian Defence Science and Technology Group conducted an experiment during which a vertical incidence sounder (VIS) was set up at Alice Springs Airport. During September 2015 this VIS observed the passage of many large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). By plotting the measured virtual heights across multiple frequencies as a function of time, the passage of the TID can be clearly displayed. Using this plotting method, we show that all the TIDs observed during the campaign by the VIS at Alice Springs show an apparent downward phase progression of the crests and troughs. The passage of the TID can be more clearly interpreted by plotting the true height of iso‐ionic contours across multiple plasma frequencies; the true heights can be obtained by inverting each ionogram to obtain an electron density profile. These plots can be used to measure the vertical phase speed of a TID and also reveal a time lag between events seen in true height compared to virtual height. To the best of our knowledge, this style of analysis has not previously been applied to other swept‐frequency sounder observations. We develop a simple model to investigate the effect of the passage of a large‐scale TID on a VIS. The model confirms that for a TID with a downward vertical phase progression, the crests and troughs will appear earlier in virtual height than in true height and will have a smaller apparent speed in true height than in virtual height.
Tidal Variability Related to Sea Level Variability in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Devlin Adam T. , Jay David A. , Zaron Edward D. , Talke Stefan A. , Pan Jiayi , Lin Hui
Published: September 2017

Ocean tides are changing worldwide for reasons unrelated to astronomical forcing. Changes in tidal properties coupled with altered mean sea level (MSL) may yield higher peak water levels and increased occurrence of short‐term exceedance events, such as storm surge and nuisance flooding. Here we investigate the hypothesis that changes in relative sea level are correlated with alterations in tidal amplitudes. Our approach focuses on the correlation between short‐term (monthly to interannual) fluctuations in sea level with changes in tidal properties of major ocean tides (M2, and K1; S2 and O1) at 152 gauges. Results suggest that sea level variability is correlated to interannual tidal variability at most (92%) of tide gauges in the Pacific, with statistically significant rates between ±10 and ±500 mm per meter sea level rise observed. These tidal anomalies, while influenced by basin‐scale climate processes and sea level changes, appear to be locally forced (in part) and not coherent over amphidromic or basin‐wide scales. Overall, the Western Pacific shows a greater concentration of tide/sea level correlations at interannual time scales than the Eastern Pacific; 44% and 46% of gauges are significant in K1 and O1 in the west compared to 29% and 30% in the east, and 63% and 53% of gauges in the west are significant in M2 and S2 versus 47% and 32% in the east. Seasonal variation in tidal properties is less apparent in the empirical record, with statistically significant seasonal variations observed at only 35% of all gauges, with the largest concentrations in Southeast Asia.
Automatic Cloud‐Type Classification Based On the Combined Use of a Sky Camera and a Ceilometer
Authors: Huertas‐Tato J. , Rodríguez‐Benítez F. J. , Arbizu‐Barrena C. , Aler‐Mur R. , Galvan‐Leon I. , Pozo‐Vázquez D.
Published: October 2017

A methodology, aimed to be fully operational, for automatic cloud classification based on the synergetic use of a sky camera and a ceilometer is presented. The random forest machine learning algorithm was used to train the classifier with 19 input features: 12 extracted from the sky camera images and 7 from the ceilometer. The method was developed and tested based on a set of 717 images collected at the radiometric stations of the Univ. of Jaén (Spain). Up to nine different types of clouds (plus clear sky) were considered (clear sky, cumulus, stratocumulus, nimbostratus, altocumulus, altostratus, stratus, cirrocumulus, cirrostratus, and cirrus) plus an additional category multicloud, aiming to account for the frequent cases in which the sky is covered by several cloud types. A total of eight experiments was conducted by (1) excluding/including the ceilometer information, (2) including/excluding the multicloud category, and (3) using six or nine different cloud types, aside from the clear‐sky and multicloud category. The method provided accuracies ranging from 45% to 78%, being highly dependent on the use of the ceilometer information. This information showed to be particularly relevant for accurately classifying “cumuliform” clouds and to account for the multicloud category. In this regard, the camera information alone was found to be not suitable to deal with this category. Finally, while the use of the ceilometer provided an overall superior performance, some limitations were found, mainly related to the classification of clouds with similar cloud base height and geometric thickness.
The Record Los Angeles Heat Event of September 2010: 1. Synoptic‐Scale‐Meso‐β‐Scale Analyses of Interactive Planetary Wave Breaking, Terrain‐ and Coastal‐Induced Circulations
Authors: Kaplan Michael L. , Tilley Jeffrey S. , Hatchett Benjamin J. , Smith Craig M. , Walston Joshua M. , Shourd Kacie N. , Lewis John M.
Published: October 2017

On 27 September 2010 the Los Angeles Civic Center reached its all‐time record maximum temperature of 45°C before 1330 local daylight time with several other regional stations observing all‐time record breaking heat early in that afternoon. This record event is associated with a general circulation pattern predisposed to hemispheric wave breaking. Three days before the event, wave breaking organizes complex terrain‐ and coastal‐induced processes that lead to isentropic surface folding into the Los Angeles Basin. The first wave break occurs over the western two thirds of North America leading to trough elongation across the southwestern U.S. Collocated with this trough is an isentropic potential vorticity filament that is the locus of a thermally indirect circulation central to warming and associated thickness increases and ridging westward across the Great Basin. In response to this circulation, two subsynoptic wave breaks are triggered along the Pacific coast. The isentropic potential vorticity filament is coupled to the breaking waves and the interaction produces a subsynoptic low‐pressure center and a deep vortex aloft over the southeastern California desert. This coupling leads to advection of an elevated mixed layer over Point Conception the night before the record‐breaking heat that creates a coastally trapped low‐pressure area southwest of Los Angeles. The two low‐pressure centers create a low‐level pressure gradient and east‐southeasterly jet directed offshore over the Los Angeles Basin by sunrise on 27 September. This allows the advection of low‐level warm air from the inland terrain toward the coastally trapped disturbance and descending circulation resulting in record heating.
Balancing Aggradation and Progradation on a Vegetated Delta: The Importance of Fluctuating Discharge in Depositional Systems
Authors: Piliouras Anastasia , Kim Wonsuck , Carlson Brandee
Published: October 2017

Vegetation is an important component of constructional landscapes, as plants enhance deposition and provide organic sediment that can increase aggradation rates to combat land loss. We conducted two sets of laboratory experiments using alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to determine the effects of plants on channel organization and large‐scale delta dynamics. In the first set, we found that rapid vegetation colonization enhanced deposition but inhibited channelization via increased form drag that reduced the shear stress available for sediment entrainment and transport. A second set of experiments used discharge fluctuations between flood and base flow (or interflood). Interfloods were critical for reworking the topset via channel incision and lateral migration to create channel relief and prevent rapid plant colonization. These low‐flow periods also greatly reduced the topset slope in the absence of vegetation by removing topset sediment and delivering it to the shoreline. Floods decreased relief by filling channels with sediment, resulting in periods of rapid progradation and enhanced aggradation over the topset surface, which was amplified by vegetation. The combination of discharge fluctuations and vegetation thus provided a balance of vertical aggradation and lateral progradation. We conclude that plants can inhibit channelization in depositional systems and that discharge fluctuations encourage channel network organization to naturally balance against aggradation. Thus, variations in discharge are an important aspect of understanding the ecomorphodynamics of aggrading surfaces and modeling vegetated deltaic systems, and the combined influences of plants and discharge variations can act to balance vertical and lateral delta growth.
A State‐Dependent Quantification of Climate Sensitivity Based on Paleodata of the Last 2.1 Million Years
Authors: Köhler Peter , Stap Lennert B. , von der Heydt Anna S. , de Boer Bas , van de Wal Roderik S. W. , Bloch‐Johnson J.
Published: October 2017

The evidence from both data and models indicates that specific equilibrium climate sensitivity S[X]—the global annual mean surface temperature change (ΔTg) as a response to a change in radiative forcing X (ΔR[X])—is state dependent. Such a state dependency implies that the best fit in the scatterplot of ΔTg versus ΔR[X] is not a linear regression but can be some nonlinear or even nonsmooth function. While for the conventional linear case the slope (gradient) of the regression is correctly interpreted as the specific equilibrium climate sensitivity S[X], the interpretation is not straightforward in the nonlinear case. We here explain how such a state‐dependent scatterplot needs to be interpreted and provide a theoretical understanding—or generalization—how to quantify S[X] in the nonlinear case. Finally, from data covering the last 2.1 Myr we show that—due to state dependency—the specific equilibrium climate sensitivity which considers radiative forcing of CO2 and land ice sheet (LI) albedo,
, is larger during interglacial states than during glacial conditions by more than a factor 2.
Flow, Transport, and Reaction in Porous Media: Percolation Scaling, Critical‐Path Analysis, and Effective Medium Approximation
Authors: Hunt Allen G. , Sahimi Muhammad
Published: October 2017

We describe the most important developments in the application of three theoretical tools to modeling of the morphology of porous media and flow and transport processes in them. One tool is percolation theory. Although it was over 40 years ago that the possibility of using percolation theory to describe flow and transport processes in porous media was first raised, new models and concepts, as well as new variants of the original percolation model are still being developed for various applications to flow phenomena in porous media. The other two approaches, closely related to percolation theory, are the critical‐path analysis, which is applicable when porous media are highly heterogeneous, and the effective medium approximation—poor man's percolation—that provide a simple and, under certain conditions, quantitatively correct description of transport in porous media in which percolation‐type disorder is relevant. Applications to topics in geosciences include predictions of the hydraulic conductivity and air permeability, solute and gas diffusion that are particularly important in ecohydrological applications and land‐surface interactions, and multiphase flow in porous media, as well as non‐Gaussian solute transport, and flow morphologies associated with imbibition into unsaturated fractures. We describe new applications of percolation theory of solute transport to chemical weathering and soil formation, geomorphology, and elemental cycling through the terrestrial Earth surface. Wherever quantitatively accurate predictions of such quantities are relevant, so are the techniques presented here. Whenever possible, the theoretical predictions are compared with the relevant experimental data. In practically all the cases, the agreement between the theoretical predictions and the data is excellent. Also discussed are possible future directions in the application of such concepts to many other phenomena in geosciences.