bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЯПОН ХҮНИЙ ОВОГ НЭРИЙН ТУХАЙД
Authors: Onon Ts
Published: January 2015

Япон хүний овгийн нэрийн түүхээс үзвэл, тэд эрт үедээ овгийг эзэн хаанаас хүртдэг байжээ.Ингэснээр эзэн хааныг хамгийн дээд эрхэм хүн гэж хүлээн зөвшөөрч, үнэнч зүтгэхээ тангараглаж байгаагийн гэрч юм. Ийм учраас эзэн хааны гэр бүлд овог гэж байдаггүй. Эзэн хааны албат л бол түүнд овгийн нэр гэж байх ёстой бөгөөд овгийн нэрийг хүртээхэд тогтсон ямар нэг ёс журам байгаагүй бололтой. Түүхэнд нэрээ үлдээсэн нөлөө бүхий дөрвөн их овог гэгдэх 源氏Genji, 平氏Heishi, 藤原Fujiwara, 橘Tachibana (товчлон 源平藤橘 Genpeitoukitsu гэж бичдэг) овгийн нэр ч тэр ямар нэгэн утга учир  агуулдаггүй гэнэ. Овгийн нэр нь эзэн хаанаас хүртдэг зүйл учраас мэдээж буцааж авах, булаалгах, хүчингүй болгох, солих зэрэг үйлдэл ч гардаг байжээ. Ийнхүү хувирч өөрчлөгдөн явсаар, Нарагийн үе  гэхэд бүх хүн овогтой болсон бөгөөд олон зуун овог (百姓Hyakushou-олон зуун тооны овог гэсэн утгатай байснаа одоо тариачин гэсэн утгатай) гэдэг үг энэ үед гарчээ.English Title:  About Japanese surnames / family names DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i2.397
Галын орон-Азербайжан
Authors: Begzjav L
Published: January 2015

Ази,Европ хоёр тив дамнасан Ар их Кавказын уулсын зүүн хэсэгт, зүүгээрээ Каспийн тэнгис, баруун өмнүүрээ Иран, Турктай, баруугаараа Армен, хойгуураа Орос, Гүрж улстай хиллэдэг. Бүгд Найрамдах Азербайжан улс (The Republic of Azerbaijan) нь Ази тивийн газрын зураг дээр шинээр тэмдэглэгдсэн цаг хугацаа нь 1991 онд тусгаар тогтносон улс болсоноо зарласан тэр цагаас хойш юм. Өөртөө засах Бүгд Найрамдах Уулын Карабах буюу Нахчыван улсыг хамаардаг Азербайжаны газар нутгийн хэмжээ Монгол улсынхаас 18 дахин бага буюу 86,6 мянган км2, хүн ам нь манайхаас 3,4 дахин олон буюу 9 сая 165 мянга(2011) аж. Өөрөөр хэлбэл,  тус улс газар нутгийн хэмжээгээрээ дэлхийд 111-р байрт, хүн амын тоогоороо 89-р байранд байна.English Title:  Azerbaijan: The country of Fire DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i2.399
Determinants of Catfish Production in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: U.A. Asa  , Valerie A. Solomon
Published: January 2015

The study ascertained the determinants of catfish production in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria having ascertained from literature that greater improvement in catfish production can be achieved with a proper analysis that will lead to knowledge of the profitability of catfish production in the country. Ascertaining the factors influencing catfish production in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria was done based on this line of thinking. Data obtained from one hundred and twenty catfish farmers in Akwa Ibom State using multi-stage sampling procedure were analysed using descriptive statistics, budgeting technique and multiple regression. Findings reveal that 79.17% of the respondents were males, with an average age of 41 years; and 80% of them having formal education. The average monthly income of the respondents was N 32, 500.50 and their average year of fishing experience was four years. Results show that catfish production was profitable in the study area yielding a net income of N 18,539,760.00. The costs of fingerlings, pond construction, feed/chemicals, as well as fishing experience and amount spent on salary/labour were the significant factors influencing catfish production in the study area. It is recommended, among others, that catfish farmers in the study area be encouraged to form co-operatives to enhance their ability to access necessary inputs such as feed/chemicals at a subsidized rate. This will lead to an increase in the total revenue earned from catfish production.
Using PCA, Poisson and Negative Binomial Model to Study the Climatic Factor and Dengue Fever Outbreak in Lahore
Authors: Syed Afrozuddin Ahmed  , Junaid Saghir Siddiqi  , Sabah Quaiser  , Shahid Kamal
Published: January 2015

Various studies have reported that global warming causes unstable climate and many serious impact to physical environment and public health. The increasing incidence of dengue incidence is now a priority health issue and become a health burden of Pakistan. The study aims to understand, explore and compare the climatic factors of Karachi and Lahore that causes the emergence or increasing rate of dengue fever incidence that effects the population and its health. Principal component analysis (PCA) is performed for the purpose of finding if there is/are any general environmental factor/structure which could be considered as Pakistani climate. We developed an early warning model for the prediction of dengue outbreak in Lahore. This has been done by using Poisson regression and Negative binomial regression model. For this purpose we use daily, weekly and monthly data of Lahore. The negative binomial model with lag (28) for Lahore daily data for climatic variable is best model. Lahore daily and weekly maximum temperature effect negatively and for the past 28 days it is estimated to negatively influence on the dengue occurrence by 26.1% times. Daily wind speed is effecting negatively by 14.7% times and minimum temperature effect positively for the past 28 days by 86.7%times.
A Multidisciplinary Attempt at Understanding the Violence in Mexico
Authors: RÃ¡bade JosÃ© M. , GarcÃ­a Francisco GarcÃ­a
Published: January 2015

Mexico has been living with a level of violence that was unimaginable only a short time ago. Why and how has Mexico arrived at this dramatic increase in violence? The goal of this study is to reflect on this question through several disciplines. The idea is to collect and contrast sufficient information from the most varied fields of knowledge, including culture and art, as well as social sciences. This is done with the ambition that all these factors will help us to understand the reasons for this terrible and complex Mexican reality.
Innovative strategies for high resolution site characterization: application to a flood plain
Authors: Vienken Thomas , Kreck Manuel , Hausmann Jörg , Werban Ulrike , Dietrich Peter
Published: January 2015

Solving complex hydrogeological problems often requires a thorough understanding of (hydro-) geological subsurface conditions. This is especially true for sedimentary deposits with complex architecture, where lithology and/or hydraulic properties can significantly vary over short horizontal and vertical distances. At these sites, a traditional, solely sample-based investigation approach is often not applicable due to limited data accuracy, resolution, and efficiency. Instead, an adapted investigation approach is required that combines exploration technologies of different resolution and investigation scales. This paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility of such a multi-scale approach for the characterization of a test site near the city of Löbnitz, Germany, that is comprised of heterogeneous alluvial deposits. Our focus is on site characterization in terms of lithology and hydraulic properties, as well as on the delineation and characterization of an aggradated oxbow as a typical example of a small scale geological structure.
Activity and Ca2+ regulate the mobility of TRPV1 channels in the plasma membrane of sensory neurons
Authors: Senning Eric N , Gordon Sharona E
Published: January 2015

TRPV1 channels are gated by a variety of thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli. We used optical recording of Ca2+ influx through TRPV1 to measure activity and mobility of single TRPV1 molecules in isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons and cell lines. The opening of single TRPV1 channels produced sparklets, representing localized regions of elevated Ca2+. Unlike sparklets reported for L-type Ca2+ channels, TRPV4 channels, and AchR channels, TRPV1 channels diffused laterally in the plasma membrane as they gated. Mobility was highly variable from channel-to-channel and, to a smaller extent, from cell to cell. Most surprisingly, we found that mobility decreased upon channel activation by capsaicin, but only in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. We propose that decreased mobility of open TRPV1 could act as a diffusion trap to concentrate channels in cell regions with high activity.
The transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway is critical for the formation of CD4 T follicular helper cells and isotype-switched antibody responses in the lung mucosa
Authors: Marshall Heather D , Ray John P , Laidlaw Brian J , Zhang Nianzhi , Gawande Dipika , Staron Matthew M , Craft Joe , Kaech Susan M
Published: January 2015

T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are crucial for the initiation and maintenance of germinal center (GC) reactions and high affinity, isotype-switched antibody responses. In this study, we demonstrate that direct TGF-β signaling to CD4 T cells is important for the formation of influenza-specific Tfh cells, GC reactions, and development of isotype-switched, flu-specific antibody responses. Early during infection, TGF-β signaling suppressed the expression of the high affinity IL-2 receptor α chain (CD25) on virus-specific CD4 T cells, which tempered IL-2 signaling and STAT5 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation in Tfh precursor CD4 T cells. Inhibition of mTOR allowed for the differentiation of Tfh cells in the absence of TGF-βR signaling, suggesting that TGF-β insulates Tfh progenitor cells from IL-2-delivered mTOR signals, thereby promoting Tfh differentiation during acute viral infection. These findings identify a new pathway critical for the generation of Tfh cells and humoral responses during respiratory viral infections.
Use of Generative AI to Identify Helmet Status Among Patients With Micromobility-Related Injuries From Unstructured Clinical Notes
Authors: Burford Kathryn G. , Itzkowitz Nicole G. , Ortega Ashley G. , Teitler Julien O. , Rundle Andrew G.
Published: August 2024

Importance

Large language models (LLMs) have potential to increase the efficiency of information extraction from unstructured clinical notes in electronic medical records.

Objective

To assess the utility and reliability of an LLM, ChatGPT-4 (OpenAI), to analyze clinical narratives and identify helmet use status of patients injured in micromobility-related accidents.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used publicly available, deidentified 2019 to 2022 data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, a nationally representative stratified probability sample of 96 hospitals in the US. Unweighted estimates of e-bike, bicycle, hoverboard, and powered scooter–related injuries that resulted in an emergency department visit were used. Statistical analysis was performed from November 2023 to April 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Patient helmet status (wearing vs not wearing vs unknown) was extracted from clinical narratives using (1) a text string search using researcher-generated text strings and (2) the LLM by prompting the system with low-, intermediate-, and high-detail prompts. The level of agreement between the 2 approaches across all 3 prompts was analyzed using Cohen κ test statistics. Fleiss κ was calculated to measure the test-retest reliability of the high-detail prompt across 5 new chat sessions and days. Performance statistics were calculated by comparing results from the high-detail prompt to classifications of helmet status generated by researchers reading the clinical notes (ie, a criterion standard review).

Results

Among 54 569 clinical notes, moderate (Cohen κ = 0.74 [95% CI, 0.73-0.75) and weak (Cohen κ = 0.53 [95% CI, 0.52-0.54]) agreement were found between the text string–search approach and the LLM for the low- and intermediate-detail prompts, respectively. The high-detail prompt had almost perfect agreement (κ = 1.00 [95% CI, 1.00-1.00]) but required the greatest amount of time to complete. The LLM did not perfectly replicate its analyses across new sessions and days (Fleiss κ = 0.91 across 5 trials; P < .001). The LLM often hallucinated and was consistent in replicating its hallucinations. It also showed high validity compared with the criterion standard (n = 400; κ = 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96-1.00]).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study’s findings suggest that although there are efficiency gains for using the LLM to extract information from clinical notes, the inadequate reliability compared with a text string–search approach, hallucinations, and inconsistent performance significantly hinder the potential of the currently available LLM.
Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid Gel Microspheres as Bi‐Component Carriers with a Liquid Phase to Immobilize Enzymes for Enhanced Performance
Authors: Ben Chuxuan , Zhao Shujie , Wu Qiong , He Hongjiang , Yu Meng , Liu Dong , He Dongqing , Song Xi‐Ming , Song Zhining
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on incorporating liquid molecules, different from the bulk solution, into the immobilized enzyme carrier to regulate the distribution effect and diffusion‐limiting impact of the carrier's microenvironment for substrates, which generally is difficult to achieve due to the instability of the materials with liquid inclusions. A freestanding liquid‐holding particle carrier, with bi‐component hydrophobic ionic liquid gel microspheres with poly (glycidyl methacrylate) as the network and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as the dispersing medium, is proposed, which is stable in air aqueous solution, and can extract proteins and organic small molecules into its interior due to the mobility of its dispersing medium. Horseradish peroxidase is covalently immobilized into the microspheres, forming a liquid compartment enzyme microreactor. The microreactor exhibits superior stability, enzymatic activity, and catalytic performance for Basic Orange II degradation compared to free enzyme and liquid‐free immobilized enzymes. This is attributed to the biocompatibility of the ionic liquid, its role in substrate enrichment in its interior, and its rapid mass transfer capability. This contribution shows the effectiveness of regulating the carrier's microenvironment with liquid molecules, offering fresh perspectives and strategies for enzyme technology.
Modulating the Spin State to Stabilize the Surface and Bulk Structure for Durable 4.6 V LiCoO2 Cathodes
Authors: Yao Ziqing , Fu Tianji , Pan Tao , Jiang Zhongwei , Fan Xu , Liu Shuangke , Guo Qingpeng , Li Yujie , Zheng Chunman , Sun Weiwei
Published: August 2024

High‐voltage LiCoO2 (LCO) attracts great interest due to its high theoretical capacity, however, the aggravated oxygen redox, Co dissolution, and lattice degradation at high voltage potentially induce the instability of crystal structural and cathode–electrolyte interphase, and can ultimately lead to severe capacity fading. Herein, a design strategy of spin modulation is presented to stabilize the surface and bulk structure of the commercial LiCoO2 (C‐LCO). The prepared high‐spin state LiCoO2 via crystal field modulation elevates the Co─O band gap, suppresses the electronic compensation of oxygen at high voltage, and reduces the side reactions of reactive oxygen and dissolved Co ions with the electrolyte, which greatly restrains the irreversible phase transition from O3 to H1‐3 and the degeneration of cathode–electrolyte interphase. As a result, the spin‐modulated LiCoO2 shows significantly improved electrochemical performances including high discharge capacity, stable cycling behavior, and enhanced rate capability. This work based on spin modification by crystal field modulation can apply to other layered transition metal oxide cathodes, providing a new avenue for developing high‐energy–density cathodes.
Adapting Explainable Machine Learning to Study Mechanical Properties of 2D Hybrid Halide Perovskites
Authors: Yao Yuxuan , Han Dan , Spooner Kieran B. , Jia Xiaoyu , Ebert Hubert , Scanlon David O. , Oberhofer Harald
Published: August 2024

2D hybrid organic and inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are used as capping layers on top of 3D perovskites to enhance their stability while maintaining the desired power conversion efficiency (PCE). Therefore, the 2D HOIP needs to withstand mechanical stresses and deformations, making the stiffness an important observable. However, there is no model for unravelling the relationship between their crystal structures and mechanical properties. In this work, explainable machine learning (ML) models are used to accelerate the in silico prediction of mechanical properties of 2D HOIPs, as indicated by their out‐of‐plane and in‐plane Young's modulus. The ML models can distinguish between stiff and non‐stiff 2D HOIPs, and extract the dominant physical feature influencing their Young's moduli, viz. the metal‐halogen‐metal bond angle. Furthermore, the steric effect index (STEI) of cations is found to be a rough criterion for non‐stiffness. Their optimal ranges are extracted from a probability analysis. Based on the strong correlation between the deformation of octahedra and the Young's modulus, the transferability of the approach from single‐layer to multi‐layer 2D HOIPs is demonstrated. This work represents a step toward unravelling the complex relationship between crystal structure and mechanical properties of 2D HOIPs using ML as a tool.
Augmentation of Tendon and Ligament Repair with Fiber‐Reinforced Hydrogel Composites
Authors: Kent Robert N. , Huang Alice H. , Baker Brendon M.
Published: August 2024

This review highlights the promise of fiber‐reinforced hydrogel composites (FRHCs) for augmenting tendon and ligament repair and regeneration. Composed of reinforcing fibers embedded in a hydrogel, these scaffolds provide both mechanical strength and a conducive microenvironment for biological processes required for connective tissue regeneration. Typical properties of FRHCs are discussed, highlighting their ability to simultaneously fulfill essential mechanical and biological design criteria for a regenerative scaffold. Furthermore, features of FRHCs are described that improve specific biological aspects of tendon healing including mesenchymal progenitor cell recruitment, early polarization to a pro‐regenerative immune response, tenogenic differentiation of recruited progenitor cells, and subsequent production of a mature, aligned collagenous matrix. Finally, the review offers a perspective on clinical translation of tendon FRHCs and outlines key directions for future work.
Percolative Metal Microweb‐Based Flexible Lithium‐Ion Battery with Fast Charging and High Energy Density
Authors: Jo Hongseok , Park Ju Hyoung , Choi Daekyu , Kim Kiyong , An Seongpil
Published: August 2024

Flexible and high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) encounter challenges due to the inherent trade‐offs in conventional electrode designs, particularly concerning mechanical flexibility and high energy density. Here, a novel percolative metal microweb‐based electrode, fabricated via electrohydrodynamic processes, yielding a three‐dimensional (3D) network structure with exceptional electrical properties and mechanical durability is introduced. This lightweight electrode design addresses the need for improved energy density by reducing the weight of the current collector, which typically accounts for more than 10% of the battery's weight. The 3D architecture of the electrode enhances the contact area with the electrolyte, thereby minimizing polarization voltage and improving lithium‐ion diffusion. Furthermore, the low coating thickness‐to‐weight ratio promotes electron transfer and mitigates capacity fade at high current densities. The microweb‐based full cell exhibits energy and power densities of 110 and 1,048 W kg⁻¹ at 10 C, respectively, which are the highest reported values among LIBs utilizing similar materials. The design of the electrode proposed in this study is expected to significantly contribute to the development of wearable and flexible electronics.
Curvature‐Assisted Vesicle Explosion Under Light‐Induced Asymmetric Oxidation
Authors: Malik Vinit Kumar , Pak On Shun , Feng Jie
Published: August 2024

Exposure of cell membranes to reactive oxygen species can cause oxidation of membrane lipids. Oxidized lipids undergo drastic conformational changes, compromising the mechanical integrity of the membrane and causing cell death. For giant unilamellar vesicles, a classic cell mimetic system, a range of mechanical responses under oxidative assault has been observed including formation of nanopores, transient micron‐sized pores, and total sudden catastrophic collapse (i.e., explosion). However, the physical mechanism regarding how lipid oxidation causes vesicles to explode remains elusive. Here, with light‐induced asymmetric oxidation experiments, the role of spontaneous curvature on vesicle instability and its link to the conformational changes of oxidized lipid products is systematically investigated. A comprehensive membrane model is proposed for pore‐opening dynamics incorporating spontaneous curvature and membrane curling, which captures the experimental observations well. The kinetics of lipid oxidation are further characterized and how light‐induced asymmetric oxidation generates spontaneous curvature in a non‐monotonic temporal manner is rationalized. Using the framework, a phase diagram with an analytical criterion to predict transient pore formation or catastrophic vesicle collapse is provided. The work can shed light on understanding biomembrane stability under oxidative assault and strategizing release dynamics of vesicle‐based drug delivery systems.
Profiling Dynamic Patterns of Single‐Cell Motility
Authors: Maity Debonil , Sivakumar Nikita , Kamat Pratik , Zamponi Nahuel , Min Chanhong , Du Wenxuan , Jayatilaka Hasini , Johnston Adrian , Starich Bartholomew , Agrawal Anshika , Riley Deanna , Venturutti Leandro , Melnick Ari , Cerchietti Leandro , Walston Jeremy , Phillip Jude M.
Published: August 2024

Cell motility plays an essential role in many biological processes as cells move and interact within their local microenvironments. Current methods for quantifying cell motility typically involve tracking individual cells over time, but the results are often presented as averaged values across cell populations. While informative, these ensemble approaches have limitations in assessing cellular heterogeneity and identifying generalizable patterns of single‐cell behaviors, at baseline and in response to perturbations. In this study, CaMI is introduced, a computational framework designed to leverage the single‐cell nature of motility data. CaMI identifies and classifies distinct spatio‐temporal behaviors of individual cells, enabling robust classification of single‐cell motility patterns in a large dataset (n = 74 253 cells). This framework allows quantification of spatial and temporal heterogeneities, determination of single‐cell motility behaviors across various biological conditions and provides a visualization scheme for direct interpretation of dynamic cell behaviors. Importantly, CaMI reveals insights that conventional cell motility analyses may overlook, showcasing its utility in uncovering robust biological insights. Together, a multivariate framework is presented to classify emergent patterns of single‐cell motility, emphasizing the critical role of cellular heterogeneity in shaping cell behaviors across populations.
Scaling Transition of Active Turbulence from Two to Three Dimensions
Authors: Wei Da , Yang Yaochen , Wei Xuefeng , Golestanian Ramin , Li Ming , Meng Fanlong , Peng Yi
Published: August 2024

Turbulent flows are observed in low‐Reynolds active fluids, which display similar phenomenology to the classical inertial turbulence but are of a different nature. Understanding the dependence of this new type of turbulence on dimensionality is a fundamental challenge in non‐equilibrium physics. Real‐space structures and kinetic energy spectra of bacterial turbulence are experimentally measured from two to three dimensions. The turbulence shows three regimes separated by two critical confinement heights, resulting from the competition of bacterial length, vortex size and confinement height. Meanwhile, the kinetic energy spectra display distinct universal scaling laws in quasi‐2D and 3D regimes, independent of bacterial activity, length, and confinement height, whereas scaling exponents transition in two steps around the critical heights. The scaling behaviors are well captured by the hydrodynamic model we develop, which employs image systems to represent the effects of confining boundaries. The study suggests a framework for investigating the effect of dimensionality on non‐equilibrium self‐organized systems.
Construction and Progress of Small Molecule‐Based Coupled Electrolyzers
Authors: Qin Yanxi , Wang Yingyong , Jin Guoqiang , Tong Xili , Yang Nianjun
Published: August 2024

Coupled electrolyzer is a desirable way to realize efficient energy conversion from electricity to chemical energy. Using coupled electrolyzers highly valuable chemicals (e.g., H2, CHxCOO−, nitrile, S, NH3, CO) can be obtained at low voltages, environmental pollutants can be alleviated, and wastewater (e.g., ammonia, urea, hydrazine) can be recycled. They are even helpful to realize the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Compared to traditional chemical methods, small molecule‐based coupled electrolyzers are more cost‐efficient. This review summarizes state‐of‐art of coupled electrolyzers, mainly the replacement of oxygen reduction reaction with oxidation reactions of small molecules and their further coupling with cathodic reduction reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), N2 reduction reaction (NRR), and other reduction reactions of matching small molecules. In terms of oxidation reactions of small molecules, two types of reactions are covered: sacrificial agent oxidation reaction (SAOR) and electrochemical synthesis reaction (ESR). After detailing the design principle of coupled electrolyzers and several oxidation reactions of small molecules, construction, characterization, and performance of coupled electrolyzers are systematically overviewed along with discussion and outline of current challenges and prospects of this appealing strategy.
Effects of a prior failed attempt on the outcomes of subsequent chronic total occlusion‐percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zheng Nai‐Xin , Ai Hu , Zhao Ying , Li Hui , Yang Guo‐Jian , Tang Guo‐Dong , Peng Xi , Sun Fu‐Cheng , Zhang Hui‐Ping
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Patients undergoing a prior failed attempt of chronic total occlusion‐percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO‐PCI) represent a challenging subgroup across all patients undergoing CTO‐PCI. There are limited data on the effects of a prior failed attempt on the outcomes of subsequent CTO‐PCI. We aimed to compare the procedural results and 24‐month outcomes of prior‐failed‐attempt CTO‐PCI with those of initial‐attempt CTO‐PCI.

Methods

Patients who underwent attempted CTO‐PCI between January 2017 and December 2019 were prospectively enrolled. We analyzed the procedural results and 24‐month major adverse cardiac events (MACE) between patients who underwent prior‐failed‐attempt and initial‐attempt CTO‐PCI. MACE was defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel‐related myocardial infarction, and ischemia‐driven target vessel revascularization (TVR) during follow‐up.

Results

In total, 484 patients who underwent CTO‐PCI (prior‐failed‐attempt, n = 49; initial‐attempt, n = 435) were enrolled during the study period. After propensity score matching (1:3), 147 patients were included in the initial‐attempt group. The proportion of the Japanese‐CTO (J‐CTO) score ≥2 was higher in the patients who underwent prior failed attempt than in those who underwent initial attempt (77.5% vs. 38.8%, p < 0.001). The retrograde approach was more often adopted in the prior‐failed‐attempt group than in the initial‐attempt group (32.7% vs. 3.4%,  [P< 0.001). Successful CTO revascularization rates were significantly lower in the prior‐failed attempt‐group than in the initial attempt group (53.1% vs. 83.3%, P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that J‐CTO score ≥2 [odds ratio (OR), 0.359; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.159–0.812; P = 0.014], intravascular ultrasound procedure (OR, 4.640; 95% CI, 1.380–15.603; P = 0.013), and prior failed attempt (OR, 0.285; 95% CI, 0.125–0.648; P = 0.003) were the independent predictors for successful CTO revascularization. There were no significant differences in major procedural complications (2.0% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.438) and MACE rates (4.1% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.438) between the groups, mainly due to the TVR rate (4.1% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.522).

Conclusions

Compared with initial‐attempt CTO‐PCI, prior‐failed‐attempt CTO‐PCI deserves more attention, since it is associated with a lower successful CTO revascularization rate. Prior failed attempt, J‐CTO score ≥2, and IVUS procedure are the determining factors for predicting successful CTO revascularization. There are no significantly different unfavorable outcomes between patients who undergo prior‐failed‐attempt and initial‐attempt CTO‐PCI.
Effects of dilution and age on perfume release from two mixed‐surfactant systems containing hydrotropes
Authors: Mirzamani Marzieh , Flickinger Marc , Jones Ronald L. , Ananthapadmanabhan Kavssery , Smith Ed , Kumari Harshita
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the encapsulation and controlled release of perfume within micellar systems. We explored how perfume‐surfactant interactions and micelle structure influence fragrance delivery. Two mixed‐micelle systems, one with branched‐tail and the other with linear‐tail surfactants, were subjected to varying perfume concentrations, dilution, and time. Using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS), gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and statistical analysis, we determined that micelle size and shape are significantly affected by perfume content and dilution. While both systems exhibited similar trends, the branched‐tail system uniquely formed a lamellar phase at higher perfume levels. Our findings reveal a strong correlation between micelle geometry and headspace perfume concentration, highlighting the role of surfactant tail structure. This research provides fundamental insights into perfume‐micelle interactions, with potential applications in materials science and active ingredient delivery.
Optimal design of reduced vapor transfer dividing wall structures with and without heat integration
Authors: Duanmu Fanyi , Sorensen Eva
Published: August 2024

A dividing wall column (DWC) is a prime example of process intensification, whereby significant energy and cost savings can be achieved for some systems compared to operation in conventional design of two columns in series. It has been theorized that the vapor and liquid thermal coupling streams in the DWC could be replaced by liquid‐only transfer streams, making the DWC unit less complex. The ultimate structure is the liquid‐liquid (LL) structure with all thermal coupling streams replaced and a dividing wall extending from the top to the bottom. This article compares the separation and economic performances of the regular DWC and the LL structure, and further investigates the benefits of heat‐integrated alternatives of both (combined condenser and reboiler, double‐effect, vapor recompression assisted). Optimization uncovered that vapor recompression assisted structures exhibit substantial energy savings and lowered total annualized cost but that the savings depend on electricity and utility costs.
The seasonal distribution of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is influenced by geography: Epidemiologic findings from a multi‐center analysis of 719 disease episodes
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W. , Stanek Caroline G. , Booth Garrett S. , Symeonidis Argiris , Shih Andrew W. , Allen Elizabeth S. , Gavriilaki Eleni , Grossman Brenda J. , Pavenski Katerina , Moorehead Amy , Peyvandi Flora , Agosti Pasquale , Mancini Ilaria , Stephens Laura D. , Raval Jay S. , Mingot‐Castellano Maria Eva , Crowe Elizabeth P. , Daou Laetitia , Pai Menaka , Arnold Donald M. , Marques Marisa B. , Henrie Ryan , Smith Tyler W. , Sreenivasan Gayatri , Siniard Rance C. , Wallace Lisa R. , Yamada Chisa , Duque Miriam Andrea , Wu Yanyun , Harrington Thomas J. , Byrnes Diana M. , Bitsani Aikaterini , Davis Amanda K. , Robinson Danielle H. , Eichbaum Quentin , Figueroa Villalba Cristina A. , Juskewitch Justin E. , Kaiafa Georgia , Kapsali Eleni , Klapper Ellen , Perez‐Alvarez Ingrid , Klein Monica S. , Kotsiou Nikolaos , Lalayanni Chrysavgi , Mandala Evdokia , Aldarweesh Fatima , Alkhateb Rahaf , Fortuny Lisandro , Mellios Zois , Papalexandri Apostolia , Parsons Meredith G. , Schlueter Annette J. , Tormey Christopher A. , Wellard Cameron , Wood Erica M. , Jia Shiyang , Wheeler Allison P. , Powers Amy A. , Webb Christopher B. , Yates Sean G. , Bouzid Raïda , Coppo Paul , Bloch Evan M. , Adkins Brian D.
Published: August 2024

Prior studies have suggested that immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) may display seasonal variation; however, methodologic limitations and sample sizes have diminished the ability to perform a rigorous assessment. This 5‐year retrospective study assessed the epidemiology of iTTP and determined whether it displays a seasonal pattern. Patients with both initial and relapsed iTTP (defined as a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type motifs 13 activity <10%) from 24 tertiary centers in Australia, Canada, France, Greece, Italy, Spain, and the US were included. Seasons were defined as: Northern Hemisphere—winter (December–February); spring (March–May); summer (June–August); autumn (September–November) and Southern Hemisphere—winter (June–August); spring (September–November); summer (December–February); autumn (March–May). Additional outcomes included the mean temperature in months with and without an iTTP episode at each site. A total of 583 patients experienced 719 iTTP episodes. The observed proportion of iTTP episodes during the winter was significantly greater than expected if equally distributed across seasons (28.5%, 205/719, 25.3%–31.9%; p = .03). Distance from the equator and mean temperature deviation both positively correlated with the proportion of iTTP episodes during winter. Acute iTTP episodes were associated with the winter season and colder temperatures, with a second peak during summer. Occurrence during winter was most pronounced at sites further from the equator and/or with greater annual temperature deviations. Understanding the etiologies underlying seasonal patterns of disease may assist in discovery and development of future preventative therapies and inform models for resource utilization.
Synthesis of Optically Active Cyclam and Its Transformations
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiro , Miwa Yuya , Tojima Yakumo , Takahashi Miyuki , Shishido Daichi
Published: August 2024

Cyclam is a well‐known example of a polyaza macrocycle. However, there are few reports of its optically active versions. In this study, we synthesized highly symmetric optically active cyclam (S,S,S,S)‐5,7,12,14‐tetraphenyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane, which has four phenyl groups on the cyclam skeleton, and derivatized it in various ways. We were able to synthesize a chiral Cu complex, an N‐ethyl derivative, and a dithiourea from this optically active cyclam. The structures of the chiral Cu complex and dithiourea were verified by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
A Simple and Facile Conjugate Addition of Cyclic and Acyclic 1,3‐Diketones to β‐Nitrostyrenes
Authors: Mistry Dharti , Macwan Nikunjana Benjamin , Malvi Payal , Lenin Dandamudi V.
Published: August 2024

A simple synthesis of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐(2‐nitro‐1‐arylethyl)cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ones, 3‐hydroxy‐5,5‐dimethyl‐2‐(2‐nitro‐1‐arylethyl)cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ones and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐(2‐nitro‐1‐arylethyl)pent‐3‐en‐2‐ones via conjugate addition of cyclic 1,3‐diketones, 1,3‐cyclohexanedione and 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione and acyclic 1,3‐diketone, pentane‐2,4‐dione to β‐Nitrostyrenes were reported. This methodology is pleasing with reliability and scalability with gram scale products that can be synthesized.
How we achieved “the most significant Australian child welfare reform in a generation”
Authors: McDonald Paul
Published: August 2024

In Australia, on any given day, about 45,000 children and youth aged 0–17 (about 1 per cent of Australian youth) are in the care of the state, often cared for through delegation‐funded child welfare organisations. Many of these children are in out‐of‐home care of such organisations for brief periods of time, but a substantial number remain in care until their mandatory emancipation. About 3600 youth a year are obliged to leave care at 18 years of age, due to child protection orders ending before their 18th birthday. Many advocates in the field, including former youth in out‐of‐home care represented in the CREATE Foundation, believe that this is much too young to be out on their own. Founded in 2016, Home Stretch is a national advocacy campaign to extend the leaving care age for young people in out‐of‐home care from 18 to 21 years in all Australian jurisdictions. Prior to the Home Stretch movement, no Australian state, territory or federal government (with the partial exception of the ACT) had indicated any action, interest or desire to extending its services to children in state care past 18 years. Yet, extended care in varying forms has been found recommended in various government enquiries over the past several decades. Seven years after the Home Stretch launch, extended care is now offered in all eight Australian jurisdictions, and at last count, over 4200 young people are in extended care arrangements to 21 years across the country. This is a remarkable social policy about face by the Government in a relatively short space of time. In this article, we describe the advocacy strategy employed.
Digital welfare‐to‐work in the global south: A case of Indonesian pre‐employment card program
Authors: Nguyen Phuc , Considine Mark , Putra Fadillah , Sanusi Anwar
Published: August 2024

The worldwide movement toward digitisation in public service delivery presents a range of opportunities and risks. The potential benefits include improved efficiency, more consistent service delivery decisions and enhanced responsiveness to citizens' demand. The potential risks range from challenges in data use and privacy, to uneven service accessibility and the costly ICT investment required for digitisation. Researchers have begun to assess this important movement and its impacts. There remains a lack of in‐depth understanding of digitisation of public service delivery in developing countries. We aim to address that gap by examining a fully online welfare‐to‐work programme in a developing country, that is Indonesia's Pre‐employment Card Program. Using data collected from semi‐structured interviews with policymakers and service providers, we found evidence that digitalisation contributed to the programme's efficiency and effectiveness via, for example, automated registration processes and quick and revisable rollout. Its implementation however was not without challenges such as a digital divide among users and some technical problems. Indonesia's experiences with this fully digital programme suggest that a developing country, despite limited financial and administrative capacity, can embark on the digitalisation journey to improve their public service provision, even during the time of crisis.
A comprehensive view on the fisetin impact on colorectal cancer in animal models: Focusing on cellular and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Taheri Niloofar , Ramadan Montather F. , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Alkhayyat Safa , Sergeevna Klunko Nataliya , Alsaab Hashem O. , Hjazi Ahmed , Molavi Vasei Farnoosh , Daneshvar Siamak
Published: August 2024

Flavonoids, including fisetin, have been linked to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and have potential therapeutic applications for the condition. Fisetin, a natural flavonoid found in various fruits and vegetables, has shown promise in managing CRC due to its diverse biological activities. It has been found to influence key cell signaling pathways related to inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and transcription factors. The results of this study demonstrate that fisetin induces colon cancer cell apoptosis through multiple mechanisms. It impacts the p53 pathway, leading to increased levels of p53 and decreased levels of murine double minute 2, contributing to apoptosis induction. Fisetin also triggers the release of important components in the apoptotic process, such as second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis‐binding protein with low pI and cytochrome c. Furthermore, fisetin inhibits the cyclooxygenase‐2 and wingless‐related integration site (Wnt)/epidermal growth factor receptor/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways, reducing Wnt target gene expression and hindering colony formation. It achieves this by regulating the activities of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 4, reducing retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, decreasing cyclin E levels, and increasing p21 levels, ultimately influencing E2 promoter binding factor 1 and cell division cycle 2 (CDC2) protein levels. Additionally, fisetin exhibits various effects on CRC cells, including inhibiting the phosphorylation of Y‐box binding protein 1 and ribosomal S6 kinase, promoting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2, and disrupting the repair process of DNA double‐strand breaks. Moreover, fisetin serves as an adjunct therapy for the prevention and treatment of phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA)‐mutant CRC, resulting in a reduction in phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K) expression, Ak strain transforming phosphorylation, mTOR activity, and downstream target proteins in CRC cells with a PIK3CA mutation. These findings highlight the multifaceted potential of fisetin in managing CRC and position it as a promising candidate for future therapy development.
Mechanistically Different Mechanochromophores Enable Calibration and Validation of Molecular Forces in Glassy Polymers and Elastomeric Networks
Authors: Hertel Raphael , Raisch Maximilian , Walter Michael , Reiter Günter , Sommer Michael
Published: August 2024

Sterically distorted donor‐acceptor π‐systems, termed DA springs, can be progressively planarized under mechanical load causing a bathochromic shift of the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. By combining theory and experiment, we here use a simple linear force calibration for two different conformational mechanochromophores to determine molecular forces in polymers from the mechanochromic shift in PL wavelength during multiple uniaxial tensile tests. Two systems are used, i) a highly entangled linear glassy polyphenylene and ii) a covalent elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane network. The mean forces estimated by this method are validated using known threshold forces for the mechanochemical ring‐opening reactions of two different spiropyran force probes. The agreement between both approaches underlines that these DA springs provide the unique opportunity for the online monitoring of local molecular forces present in diverse polymer matrices.
Extending the π‐Conjugation of a Donor‐Acceptor Covalent Organic Framework for High‐Rate and High‐Capacity Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Chengqiu , Yu Ao , Zhao WenKai , Long Guankui , Zhang Qichun , Mei Shilin , Yao Chang‐Jiang
Published: August 2024

Realizing high‐rate and high‐capacity features of Lihium‐organic batteries is essential for their practical use but remains a big challenge, which is due to the instrinsic poor conductivity, limited redox kinetics and low utility of organic electrode mateials. This work presents a well‐designed donor‐acceptor Covalent Organic Framework (COFs) with extended conjugation, mesoscale porosity, and dual redox‐active centers to promote fast charge transfer and multi‐electron processes. As anticipated, the prepared cathode with benzo [1,2‐b:3,4‐b′:5,6‐b′′] trithiophene (BTT) as p‐type and pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone (PTO) as n‐type material (BTT‐PTO‐COF) delivers impressive specific capacity (218 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 in ether‐based electrolyte and 275 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 in carbonate‐based electrolyte) and outstanding rate capability (79 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1 in ether‐based electrolyte and 124 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 in carbonate‐based electrolyte). In addition, the potential of BTT‐PTO‐COF electrode for prototype batteries has been demonstrated by full cells of dual‐ion (FDIBs), which attain comparable electrochemical performances to the half cells. Moreover, mechanism studies combining ex situ characterization and theoratical calculations reveal the efficient dual‐ion storage process and facile charge transfer of BTT‐PTO‐COF. This work not only expands the diversity of redox‐active COFs but also provide concept of structure design for high‐rate and high‐capacity organic electrodes.
Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multi‐Carbon Alcohols via Amine Modified Copper Nanoparticles at Acidic Conditions
Authors: Wu Yahui , Chen Chunjun , Liu Shoujie , Qian Qingli , Zhu Qinggong , Feng Rongjuan , Jing Lihong , Kang Xinchen , Sun Xiaofu , Han Buxing
Published: August 2024

Electroreduction of CO2 into multi‐carbon (C2+) products (e.g. C2+ alcohols) offers a promising way for CO2 utilization. Use of strong alkaline electrolytes is favorable to producing C2+ products. However, CO2 can react with hydroxide to form carbonate/bicarbonate, which results in low carbon utilization efficiency and poor stability. Using acidic electrolyte is an efficient way to solve the problems, but it is a challenge to achieve high selectivity of C2+ products. Here we report that the amine modified copper nanoparticles exhibit high selectivity of C2+ products and carbon utilization at acidic condition. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) of C2+ products reach up to 81.8 % at acidic media (pH=2) with a total current density of 410 mA cm−2 over n‐butylamine modified Cu. Especially the FE of C2+ alcohols is 52.6 %, which is higher than those reported for CO2 electroreduction at acidic condition. In addition, the single‐pass carbon efficiency towards C2+ production reach up to 60 %. Detailed studies demonstrate that the amine molecule on the surface of Cu cannot only enhance the formation, adsorption and coverage of *CO, but also provide a hydrophobic environment, which result in the high selectivity of C2+ alcohols at acidic condition.
Syntheses of Tungsten Imido Cyclohexylidene Complexes Using Perfluoro‐t‐Butanol or Hexafluoro‐t‐Butanol as Acids
Authors: Maji Milan , Riedel René , Schrock Richard R. , Conley Matthew P. , Carta Veronica
Published: August 2024

The fluorinated alcohols, (CF3)3COH (RF9OH) and (CF3)2MeCOH (RF6OH), react with W(NR)2Cy2 (Cy=Cyclohexyl; R=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl or 1‐adamantyl) in C6D6 at 55 °C to give cyclohexylidene complexes. Traditional routes to terminal alkylidene complexes (neopentylidene or neophylidene) have used either triflic acid or HCl (rarely), but relatively weak fluorinated acids are sufficient and active bisalkoxide catalysts are therefore prepared directly. An α hydrogen abstraction reaction to give a cyclohexylidene complex from a biscyclohexyl complex appears to be as facile as α hydrogen abstraction to give a neopentylidene or neophylidene ligand, but isomerization of a cyclohexene formed through β hydrogen abstraction is also a possibility. The ORF9 ligands can be replaced readily with dimethylpyrrolide (Me2Pyr) or other more basic alkoxides. Single crystal X‐ray studies were carried out on W(NAr)2Cy2, W(NAr)(ORF9)2(C6H10)(ArNH2), W(NAr)(ORF6)2(C6H10)(ArNH2), W(NAd)(ORF9)2(C6H10)(AdNH2), W(NAr)(O‐i‐PrF6)3Cy, and W(NAd)(η1‐Me2Pyr)2(C6H10) (C6H10=cyclohexylidene).