bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and outcomes of paediatric epilepsy surgery in Singapore: A single-centre audit
Authors: Tan Si Qi , Ngoh Adeline Seow Fen , Ng Wai Hoe , Xie Wanying , Krishnappa Janardhan , Sahul Hamed Nazima Binte , Tang Phua Hwee , Lim Tchoyoson Choie Cheio , Chang Kenneth Tou En , Lee Ming , Kao Martha I-Ming , Low David Chyi Yeu , Chan Derrick Wei Shih
Published: September 2021

Background: Paediatric epilepsy surgery reduces seizure burden in drug-refractory epilepsy reducing long-term neurocognitive damage.
Methods: Single-centre retrospective audit of pre-surgical evaluations and outcomes of the paediatric epilepsy and epilepsy surgery programme over eleven years at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore. Data were collected based on National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Common Data Elements guidelines. Outcome was categorized using Engel classification scale, and favourable outcome defined as greater than 50% decrease in seizure frequency or drop attacks.
Results: Thirty-three children underwent epilepsy surgery, with mean follow-up 3.8±3.1 years. Median age at surgery was 10.9 years. Twenty-four children with focal epilepsy underwent resection of the epileptogenic focus, including lesionectomy (n=8), anterior temporal lobectomy (n=7), extratemporal lobectomy (n=7) and hemispherectomy (n=2). Nine children underwent corpus callosotomy for Lennox Gastaut Syndrome (n=8) and West Syndrome (n=1). Median hospital stay duration was ten days. All twenty-three focal epilepsy patients with minimum three-month follow-up achieved greater than 50% seizure reduction. Fifteen (65%) focal epilepsy patients achieved seizure-freedom (Engel Class IA) after first surgeries. Four patients required second surgeries, with two achieving seizure-freedom. Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) is beneficial. All nine corpus callosotomy patients (100%) achieved greater than 50% decrease in drop attacks. Number of antiepileptic drugs was weaned for 21/32 (66%) patients. Post-operative complications were low and some patients had anticipated neurological deficits. Outcomes were comparable to current literature.
Conclusions: In well-selected candidates with tailored evaluation, paediatric epilepsy surgery is a safe therapeutic option with favourable outcomes and can be performed across the entire paediatric age range.
A Review of the Living Cinctura Banded Tulip Shells (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae), with the Descriptions of Four New Subspecies and a New Subgenus
Authors: Petuch Edward , Berschauer David
Published: September 2021

The fasciolariid genus Cinctura Hollister, 1957, which is endemic to the Carolinian Molluscan Province, is now known to contain five distinct species: C. hunteria (Perry, 1811), C. keatonorum Petuch, 2014, C. lilium (Fischer von Waldheim, 1807), C. tortugana (Hollister, 1957), and C. branhamae (Rehder and Abbott, 1951). Four new geographical subspecies are described, C. hunteria apalachee Petuch and Berschauer, n. subsp. (Florida Panhandle to Mobile Bay), and three subspecies from deep water along the eastern edge of the Campeche Escarpment in the Yucatan Channel: C. lilium connori Petuch and Berschauer, n. subsp., C. tortugana traciae n. subsp., and C. branhamae morganae Petuch and Berschauer, n. subsp. The new subgenus Hollisteria Petuch and Berschauer, n. subgen. is proposed for the elongated, fragile deep water species of the Cinctura branhamae Complex.
The Diet of Octopus bimaculoides in Mission Bay, California (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)
Authors: Tuskes Paul
Published: September 2021

A year-long survey of Octopus bimaculoides Pickford & McConnaughey (1949) dens in three different subtidal habitats was conducted in Mission Bay, California. Habitat complexity and stability were positively associated with prey species richness, species abundance, and den availability. Collectively, 38 species of bivalves and 22 species of gastropods were recorded from octopi debris fields. Two species of bivalve at each site comprised approximately 60% or greater of the bivalves in the debris fields. Bivalves species represented 85% of the take, the remainder being gastropods. With the exception of the bubble snail, most gastropods were drilled, while most bivalves were not. Crustacean remains were infrequently found in debris fields. Prey species in other phyla may have been consumed, but their remains were not found in the debris fields.
The Association Between Patient Satisfaction and Mode of Visit (Telemedicine Versus In-Person) in a Large Orthopaedic Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bisson Leslie J. , Kluczynski Melissa A. , Lindborg Carter M. , Rauh Michael A. , DiPaola Matthew J. , Haider Mohammad N. , Pavlesen Sonja
Published: September 2021

Background:

During the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, telemedicine was rapidly adopted to provide continued, efficient, and safe medical care. Little is known about patient satisfaction with telemedicine in orthopedics or the factors associated with selection of telemedicine versus face-to-face care. Thus, we examined (1) the association between patient satisfaction and mode of visit (telemedicine versus in-person) and (2) predictors of patient satisfaction in a large orthopedic practice during the onset of the pandemic.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of in-person and telemedicine visits within a large, university-affiliated orthopaedic practice between March 2020 and April 2020 during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients who completed a patient satisfaction survey were included. Demographic and other office visit (eg, type of provider and type of visit) data were collected. A Patient Satisfaction Aggregate (PSA, range 0 to 1) score was calculated by taking the average of five patient satisfaction questions. Linear regression was used to examine (1) the association between PSA score and mode of visit and (2) predictors of PSA score.

Results:

A total of 2,049 of 6,515 patient satisfaction surveys were completed and included for analysis, of which 748 had telemedicine visits and 1,301 had in-person visits. No association was found between PSA score and mode of visit with and without adjustment for duration of patient-physician relationship, appointment type (new versus follow-up), provider type (physician versus nonphysician), and provider subspecialty (βunadjusted = 0.004 [SE = 0.01], P = 0.44; βadjusted = 0.001 [SE = 0.01], P = 0.92). Predictors of increased PSA score were White race (P = 0.001), >1 year relationship with provider (P
1-3 years = 0.01, P
3-5 years = 0.04, and P
5+ years = 0.002), physician provider (P = 0.004), and foot/ankle provider (P = 0.04), whereas predictors of decreased PSA score were oncology provider (P = 0.02) and spine provider (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

We found no association between PSA score and mode of visit. Predictors of PSA score included race, duration of patient-physician relationship, provider type, and provider subspecialty.
The Challenges and Solutions for Digital Entrepreneurship Platforms in Enhancing Firm’s Capabilities
Authors: Qian Qiu Cai , Mok Kim Man Mandy
Published: September 2021

Digital entrepreneurship platforms have created opportunities to marketers and manufacturers to achieve their marketing objectives with digital technologies through various digital platforms. Implementation of digital platforms have changed the traditional ways of doing business in bricks and mortar to digital channels such as online marketing, App store, purchase via internet or smartphone, e-transaction and e-commerce. There is a general belief that by moving firms towards digitalization world and selling products or services through digital platforms will increase firms’ capabilities and directly increase sales finally lead to better firms’ performance. In fact, this is not applied to all the firms involving selling and buying in digital platforms. The main advantages of doing digital platforms business are do not need much capital in starting up the business and this business model allows digital entrepreneurs to work from anywhere and anytime without the restriction of locations and time constraints. There are many factors in influencing the success or failure of digital entrepreneurship of an individual, team or firm. First and foremost is the innovation factor which determines the successful path to the ultimate goal of the business. This paper discusses the digital entrepreneurship opportunities, digital platforms practices, challenges, risks and constraints faced in promoting and expanding digital platforms from a Malaysian perspective, such as firms’ organizational structure and human resource in digital expertise, digital technologies readiness, financial supports, market changes and unprecedented risks. This paper argues the importance and development of digital entrepreneurship that incorporates strategic innovation to enhance firms’ capabilities. The findings of the paper highlighted the potential of digital entrepreneur platforms in increasing new career for individual, enhancing economy growth and welfare for consumers. Hopefully the discussion outcomes will raise further awareness and attention of individual, team and firms to integrate digital entrepreneurship into their businesses.
Um modelo do processo de inovação à luz da Resource-Based View e da teoria do Crescimento da Firma, de Edith Penrose
Authors: Sousa Pedro Henrique Rodrigues de , Reyes Junior Edgar , Costa Caroline Cordova Bicudo da , Reis André Luiz Nascimento
Published: September 2021

Objective: To analyze the innovation process in the light of the RBV and The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, by Edith Penrose.Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review was carried out using the Methodi Ordinatio. The Social Network Analysis technique was performed to determine which theoretical contexts the studies were based on.  Similarity Analysis was also carried out to identify the relationship between the elements of the focal approaches and the innovation process.Originality/relevance: The Penrose study is considered by many researchers to be the antecedent of what was later called Resource-Based View, however, most of these studies did not fully explain the contribution of Penrose´s theory in the specifics of the theoretical view. Although research on innovation has been based on theoretical approaches in the field of strategy, there have been no analyses that systematized the innovation process by integrating the Penrose theory and RBV.Main results: The studies that analyzed innovation from the RBV and the Theory of the Growth of the Firm emphasized the maintenance of competitive advantage as a result of its dynamic capabilities, as well as access to and use of organizational knowledge.The authors identified heterogeneous innovation resources and imperfectly mobile, such as user-technology interactions, trajectory-dependent capabilities, specialized assets, RD capabilities, and network ties.Theoretical contributions: The study revealed that through the continuous execution of the innovation process, unique core competencies (e.g., RD experience) are developed to improve heterogeneous and imperfectly mobile innovation resources.
POLICE EDUCATION IN THE SECOND REPUBLIC OF POLAND — OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: PŁOTEK MARCIN
Published: September 2021

The text is concerned with the history of police education in 1919–1939. The reconstruction of Polish statehood after World War I involved the establishment of a service responsible for security and order in the country in 1919. Parallel to the organisation of the State Police, work on the creation of a modern system of police education continued. Throughout the period of this force’s existence, many reorganisations were made in order to create a system that would ensure the professional preparation of police offi cers for service. The article presents only an outline of the changes related to police education in the interwar period, and does not fully exhaust this subject matter.
Perineal Management and Episiotomy Practice in Chile
Authors: K. Fagerstrom-Sade Cristhel , Parada-Ibañez Sara , M. Gurovich Marcela , Ayala-Pérez Esther , Ortega-Plancic Pablo , Roa-Burgos Jaime , Vasquez-Vergara Fabián , Rodriguez-Suazo Jorge
Published: September 2021

Episiotomy is a common intervention used during the second stage of delivery. Current use of this procedure is restricted to certain births due to several complications. Almost all births in Chile are delivered by a gynecologist or a midwife in the public or private health system where episiotomy is performed. The objective of this study is to identify strengths and weakness in aspects of perineal management and episiotomy practice among obstetric health care providers with the purpose of promoting practice assessment and updating skills and competencies. Design: Questionnaire-based-cross-sectional study. Method: Anonymous questionnaire applied to gynecologists and midwives of public and private hospitals, between October and December 2019 using the Instrument designed by Cornet et al. addressing questions such as affiliation, number of births/year, knowledge of anatomy, knowledge of episiotomy, knowledge of perineal tear, competence in perineal repair, and presence of expert in perineal trauma at their unit. Results: 189 surveys responded, 51% from midwives and 37.6% from doctors. 71% of total were trained at their medical or midwifery schools and 69% during postgraduate internships. Episiotomy practice criteria: 19% always in primigravida patients and 14,3% always in premature deliveries. Majority of professionals, 79.4% with less than 100 deliveries a year had incorrect answers about depth or sphincter tear prevention technique. Conclusions: The majority of professionals indicated insufficient training capacities in relation to episiotomy techniques. Undergraduate programs should strength training on this intervention, national guidelines must include routine episiotomy performance in order to unify criteria.
Simultaneously Recovery of Phosphorus and Potassium Using Bubble Column Reactor as Struvite-K and Implementation on Crop Growth
Authors: Hidayat Endar , Harada Hiroyuki
Published: September 2021

Struvite-K, similar to NH4-struvite with a composition of Mg:K:P (1:1:1). It is called struvite-K because the K replaces the NH4 in struvite. The composition usually used as fertilizer and can be recycling from wastewater including livestock wastewaters. In addition, Struvite-K which tends to form scale on surfaces of equipment which problem in many industries. The present study was used bubble column reactor which simple and efficient. In addition, the process can be implementation in wastewater industry which low-tech processes. Then, the struvite-K precipitate was implementation on crop growth which compared with coffee husk compost. The results show the removal of P via struvite-K showed 98.5% with the precipitation Mg:P of 0.7 and K:P of 1 with yields of 11.28 gram. Increases of magnesium dosage which decreases of P removal rate and affected of crystal size structure. Compost and struvite-K have similar positive impact on crop growth of (radish and komatsuna) were compared than control. In the other hand, the struvite-K is more effective than compost. This might be indicated that struvite-K is more slow-release nutrient than compost and higher macro nutrient supplied on soil which crop needed.
Role of Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Arora Deepesh
Published: September 2021

As the global burden of diabetes is increasing there is a corresponding increase in the complications associated with the same. Diabetic retinopathy is a sight threatening complication of diabetes mellitus which was considered to be a microvasculopathy. Recent evidence however, has brought to light that inflammation may be a key player in the pathogenesis of this condition. Levels of inflammatory mediators like Hypoxia inducible factor, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1B amongst others have been noted to be elevated in the diabetic vitreous gel. The concept of the neurovascular unit better explains the changes that take place resulting in the breakdown of the blood retinal barriers and how these inflammatory mediators affect the morphology of the retina at a cellular level. Glial cells form a key instrument of this neurovascular structure and are also the cells from where the inflammatory response is initiated. Understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy will help us in finding targeted therapies which may provide long term benefits and possible cure. Few anti-inflammatory medications have shown promise albeit in a small clinical or experimental laboratory setting. However, future research may lead to better understanding of the disease and a better pharmacological intervention.
The One-Health Approach to Infectious Disease Outbreaks Control
Authors: Ernest Rugarabamu Sima
Published: September 2021

Close contact between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment provides more disease transmission opportunities. Host characteristics, environmental conditions, and habitat disruption can provide new opportunities for disease to occur. These changes may lead to the spread of existing and new diseases. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, sporozoans, worms, and others cause infectious diseases. Some of these diseases may be prone to explosive outbreaks and may constitute deadly epidemic threats that could rapidly reach pandemic proportions. Drugs and vaccines can successfully control many infectious diseases; however, this is challenged by the lack of facilities and resources. In all parts of the world, infectious disease is an essential constraint to increased human, animal, and environmental interactions. Identifying hot-spot and interventions for prevention while considering the heterogeneity of target diseases to places, population time, or situation is essential. Therefore, successful infectious disease control measures must be based on understanding disease transmission pathways, strengthening surveillance systems, and intervention. Application of the One Health method is a responsive approach to infectious disease control. Much of the One-Health based approach to managing an infectious disease has been utilized with a promising effect on controlling current outbreaks. More deliberate efforts should encourage understanding of disease determinants to analyze infectious disease issues through a One-Health lens. Only through the extensive participation of all related field stakeholders can One-Health truly reach its potential to mitigate infectious disease outbreaks. This chapter reviews utilization of the One Health approach to infectious disease outbreak control.
Prevalence and Significance of Antibiotic-Associated Adverse Reactions
Authors: Magalhães Silva Tânia , Rebelo Gomes Eva , Ribeiro-Vaz Inês , Roque Fátima , Teresa Herdeiro Maria
Published: September 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines Pharmacovigilance as the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse drug effects. The aim is to promote the safety and effective use of medicines through an early detection and evaluation of drug safety risks. The pharmacovigilance system is essentially based in spontaneous reports of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR). ADR can be associated with severe outcomes and significant mortality, besides, most of them are deemed to be preventable events. Globally, antibiotics are among the most widely prescribed medications and their extensive use is linked to antibiotic-associated ADR. This chapter aims to summarize available epidemiological data concerning antibiotic use related ADR and analyze the reports received by the EudraVigilance system regarding the exclusive usage of antibiotics.
Blunt Traumatic Aortic Injury
Authors: Calcaterra Domenico
Published: September 2021

Traumatic aortic injuries represent a leading cause of death following motor-vehicular accidents. These injuries curry a very high mortality rate even though a significant number of patients reaches the hospital alive. These injuries are identified in the contest of a polytrauma work up and are almost always associated with multiple other severe traumatic injuries which makes the management of these patients very challenging. The technology advancements seen in recent years with radiologic imaging and the progress of the therapeutic options brought up by the uprise of endovascular therapy, along with the sophistication of the techniques of trauma resuscitation and intensive care management, have improved significantly the overall prognosis of these patients. Although traumatic aortic injuries need to be generally considered a life-threatening condition, their degree of severity may differ significantly from case to case requiring immediate repair in some patients, whereas their repair can be delayed in cases when the severity of the aortic injury does not represent an immediate threat to the patient life. Therefore, the challenge of treatment of the polytrauma patients with an aortic injury is to identify the best strategy of therapy able to prioritize the treatment of the injuries based on their lethal potential. In this contest, the ability of properly defining the severity of the aortic injury is the key-factor to allow the appropriate definition of a treatment strategy able to identify treatment priorities. In our experience, radiologic assessment of the aortic injury in correlation with the evaluation of clinical parameters and a comprehensive polytrauma assessment allows to optimize the ability of the trauma team to establish the most appropriate strategy for the care of this complex patients’ group.
Heterosis and Heterotic Grouping among Tropical Maize Germplasm
Authors: Olutayo Akinwale Richard
Published: September 2021

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important staple cereal cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa but its productivity is considerable low due to several factors. Development and deployment of maize hybrids have been reported as one of the crucial options in achieving sustainable maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. Information on the heterotic response among available genetic materials in a breeding program is valuable before commencement of any hybrid development program. Unlike the temperate germplasm, maize tropical germplasm is characterized with wide genetic base and genetic complexities and thus, proper organization of the pools, populations, varieties and inbreds that can serve as parental materials for hybrid development through identification of a distinct heterotic groups and patterns among tropical germplasm becomes very essential. This paper reviewed past research efforts at characterizing heterotic response among tropical maize genetic materials with a view to point out merits and demerits in the methods used and future direction towards achieving sustainable hybrid cultivation and enhancing food security in the sub-region.
Rabies Virus in Sierra Leone: Challenges and Recommended Solutions for Elimination by 2030
Authors: Suluku Roland , Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe , Macavoray Abu , Nelphson Kallon Moinina
Published: September 2021

The objective of this write-up is to find possible solution control canine rabies virus in Sierra Leone and other low-income countries in the world. Rabies is a viral disease affecting both humans and animals in Sierra Leone. The country has no policy on dog ownership and management, two veterinarians, limited access to rabies vaccines and human immunoglobin, and a lack of information about the disease in the country despite increasing dog bite cases and death. There is no wildlife specialist to initiate wildlife vaccination. Continuous vaccination increased awareness, trained personnel in veterinary and wildlife, development of policies on responsible dog ownership and by-laws and increase financial support from the government and private sector will help Sierra Leone eliminate rabies in the first half of the twenty-first century.
Design, Construction and Validation of a High-Performance OATS
Authors: Meng Donglin
Published: September 2021

The state of the art on the open-area test site (OATS) has been introduced. Key technologies on the design and validation of a high-performance OATS have been provided. Some famous OATS in the world regarding their structure, the dimensions of the ground plane (GP), the location of the control room, and performance are listed in a table. A case study is provided on NIM’s high-performance OATS. Many details are open for the first time, which show the fine design. A measurement uncertainty example has been provided in measuring the free-space antenna factor of biconical antennas. These results are based on the author’s many years of experience, with lots of valuable data and photos. It is intended for calibration laboratories, for EMC antenna users, for writing EMC standards, as well as for the assessors in EMC.
Modulation of Secondary Metabolites among Mexican Medicinal Plants by Using Elicitors and Biotechnology Techniques
Authors: Adelina Jiménez-Arellanes María , Z. Pérez-González Mariana
Published: September 2021

Medicinal plants are being utilized as raw material and the use has increased in recent decades due that these biosynthesize compounds with several pharmacological activities. Some plant species with biological potential are of interest to the industry for preparation of drugs, phytodrugs, or food supplements. This causes overexploitation and deforestation, which endangers plant species-of-interest. In recent years, alternatives have been sought to eradicate this problem. A solution that was give and is maintained is plant biotechnology, which favors the production of active Secondary Metabolites (SMt). Plant biotechnology allows us to increase the yield of a compound-of-interest, reduces its production times and costs, and allows constant and controlled production of the raw material, and while aiding in the protection of medicinal plants that are found in danger of extinction. In the scientific literature, procuring the SMt by means of biotechnological processes is described, highlighting the study of four species from Mexican traditional medicine (Lopezia racemosa, Galphimia glauca, Cnidoscolus chayamansa, Sphaeralceae angustifolia and Buddleja cordata), and the main biological activities are as follows: anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotector, neuroprotector, anxiolytic, antitumoral, antibacterial, and antioxidant, among others.
Do Rural Livestock Farmers Have Knowledge of Organic Livestock Farming Practices? Lesson from Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Kenneth Chima Orgu , Andy Onyema Chukwu , Gilbert Chinedu Onubuogu , Nnaemeka Success Esiobu
Published: September 2021

At global level, the use of inorganic feeds, veterinary drugs amongst others can significantly increase farm output in various livestock production systems. However, in recent times, quality-conscious consumers are increasingly seeking environmentally safe and chemical-residue free healthy livestock foods which organic production methods are said to ensure. Livestock Organic farming can offer promising opportunities for ensuring safe food, environmental sustainability, high livestock yield and income. Incidentally, empirical evidence on present discourse is still relatively very little. Although, a significant contribution has been made by various scholars, regrettably, these studies did not dwell on organic livestock practices and their knowledge level in South-east, Nigeria. Therefore, this presents a dearth in research and became increasingly pertinent that the study was systematically undertaken. A multistage and purposive random sampling procedure was used in the selection of 504 respondents who are organic livestock farmers. Data collected was analyzed using mean score analysis. Result shows that farmers had knowledge on practices of extensive system of livestock/poultry farming (X̄ =3.49); provision of natural air (X̄ =3.50); provision of natural water sprinkling during hot weather (X̄ =3.50); rearing animal without antibiotics (X̄ =3.56); and treating injured animals organically (X̄ =3.48) among others. Incidentally, majority of the livestock farmers lacked knowledge of how to induce ovulation for animals without drugs (X̄ =1.88). The inducement of ovulation for farm animals is one of the livestock organic methods used in forcing farm animals to come on heat/ovulation for quick multiplication. This method is harmful both for the animal an eventual consumer. Therefore, it is necessary that extension agents who are subject matter specialist (SMS) in livestock organic farming educate farmers on how to induce ovulation to farm animals organically with support from the government and farmers cooperative membership resources as these would significantly reduce harmful drugs injected to animal for quick ovulation and preserve the life span of the animal and consumers of the animal.
Mitigation of Climate Change by Nitrogen Managements in Agriculture
Authors: Inubushi Kazuyuki , Yashima Miwa
Published: September 2021

Soil is one of the important sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is generally producing through soil microbial processes, such as nitrification and denitrification. Agricultural soils receive chemical and organic fertilizers to maintain or increase crop yield and soil fertility, but several factors are influencing N2O emissions, such as types and conditions of soil and fertilizer, and rate, form, and timing of application. Mitigation of N2O is a challenging topic for future earth by using inhibitors, controlled-release fertilizers, and other amendments, but the cost and side effects should be considered for feasibility.
User Experience of NAVID E-learning System in the School of Nutrition and Food Technology of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran (2020)
Authors: Nachvak Mostafa , Sadeghi Ehsan , Mohammadi Reza , Rezaei Mansour , Abdollahzad Hadi , Soleimani Davood
Published: September 2021

Background: With the outbreak of COVID-19 in the world, E-learning systems have been introduced as the main approach to education. E-learning infrastructures (especially the educational system) largely influence the quality of education. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the quality of NAVID system as an e-learning system used in Iranian medical universities. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the faculty members and students who were willing to participate and used NAVID system in the School of Nutrition and Food Technology of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2020. The user experience questionnaire (UEQ) was employed to evaluate the quality and efficiency of NAVID e-learning system. The UEQ is a 26-item questionnaire with six domains of attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, motivation, and novelty, which are scored based on a Likert scale (range: +3 to -3). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16. Results: In total, 60 participants completed the UEQ of NAVID system. The mean scores of attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, motivation, and novelty were estimated at 0.161 ± 1.350, -0.321 ± 1.305, -0.188 ± 1.169, -0.404±0.999, 0.417 ± 1.248, and -1.101 ± 1.097, respectively. Correspondingly, NAVID e-learning system has poor quality in all the domains of user experience. Conclusions: According to the results, NAVID e-learning system should be improved in all the areas of user experience.
Effect of a Plyometric Training Program on the Physical Parameters of ADHD Children: Behavioral and Cognitive Consequences
Authors: Hattabi Soukaina , Bouallegue Meher , Mhenni Thouraya , Halouani Jamel , Chtourou Hamdi
Published: September 2021

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopment disorder with inappropriate levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity that emerge during preschool-age causing several impairement that should be supported. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to explore the repercussion of plyometric training protocol (PT) on disruptive behavior and executive control among children with ADHD. Methods: Executive functions and ADHD related behaviors are assessed by graded tests before and after a 12-week PT (plyometric training) or NPT (did not perform PT training). Results: Findings show that participation in PT enhances behavior reports by parents and teachers (P < 0.001) and level of executive function (P < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that PT may improve positively ADHD symptomatology.
Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in the Evaluation of Brain Injury in Premature Infants with Low and Very Low Birth Weight
Authors: Zhu Dalin , Wang Manxia , Feng Fan , Nan Nan , Liu Yuefen , Shi Jinyun , Mao Baohong
Published: September 2021

Background: Brain injury in premature infants (BIPI) is a severe brain damage in premature infants, resulting in a series of neurological sequelae. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, is more widely used for premature infants. It is of paramount importance to improve the early diagnosis, treatment, and intervention for this population by using DTI. There are few reports on the application of DTI for the evaluation of BIPI in low-birth-weight (LBW) and very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics of BIPI in LBW and VLBW infants and to explore the value of MRI-based DTI in the evaluation of BIPI in LBW infants. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 31 cases of BIPI (16 LBW and 15 VLBW infants) and 20 normal control premature infants, undergoing MRI-based DTI at the 37 - 40 weeks corrected gestational age (CGA). Differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) between the BIPI and control groups and also between the LBW and VLBW groups with BIPI were analyzed. Also, differences with normal controls in terms of the FA and ADC values were investigated in different brain regions. Results: The FA values in the central white matter of the frontal lobe, central white matter of the occipital lobe, centrum semiovale, posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), and ventral thalamus were significantly lower in the BIPI group as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The ADCs were lower in the BIPI group compared to the control group, and there was a significant difference (P < 0.05). Comparison of FA and ADC values in the central white matter of the frontal lobe, central white matter of the occipital lobe, centrum semiovale, PLIC, and ventral thalamus did not show any significant differences between the LBW and VLBW groups with BIPI (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The FA and ADC values of DTI can be used for the quantitative evaluation of BIPI in LBW and VLBW infants. The FA value was found to be more accurate than the ADC. Overall, different FA values in different brain areas reflect differences in the brain development of normal premature infants.
Pope Francis’s Culture of Encounter as a Paradigm Shift in the Magisterium’s Reception of Justice in the World
Authors: Ejiowhor Martin Owhorchukwu ,   Villanova University
Published: September 2021

The statement that “action on behalf of justice” is a “constitutive dimension of the preaching of the Gospel” in the 1971 Synod of Bishops’ Justice in the World (JW) has been widely debated in Catholic social teaching. Popes, beginning with Paul VI, have tactfully, albeit indirectly, responded to it as they reflected on the theme of evangelization. This article traces the history of the magisterium’s reception of JW with special attention to this controversial statement. An analysis of JW in juxtaposition with succeeding papal documents on evangelization reveals that Pope Francis’s culture of encounter introduces a paradigm shift while rehabilitating the original ideas of JW. In conclusion, this article sheds new light on evangelization and the Church’s social mission, wherein both charity and justice are constitutive.
Contributive Justice and Ecology
Authors: Vinciguerra Tebaldo ,   Villanova University
Published: September 2021

This paper reflects the viewpoint of a member of the ecology and creation desk of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development. Contributive justice is proposed as a beacon that should guide all actions that aim to address the injustices in the world—chiefly, the challenges related to natural resources and the care for the environment. This care requires an enabling context: being cautious with the meritocratic narrative; implementing good governance; avoiding a paternalist stance according to which one relies totally on the state’s action and, instead, going beyond what is a strictly legal requirement and even beyond reciprocity for the sake of solidarity and for protecting the commons. In conclusion, genuine gratuitousness—in this case, as applied to water management—is presented as a key contribution for society. The text is rooted in the recent magisterium and in the 50-year-old synodal document Justice in the World.
Laudato si’ and Economics
Authors: Chalupnicek Pavel ,   Villanova University
Published: September 2021

Pope Francis’s encyclical Laudato si’ (LS) calls for a wide engagement of all levels of society and of people of all trades in finding solutions to the world’s current social and environmental crisis. However, not much is known about its reception among social scientists. This article surveys responses to LS by economists in three distinct groups: “mainstream” economics, degrowth economics, and the social economy movement. While the first group has not engaged with the encyclical so far, the remaining two groups have produced a variety of responses, which are discussed to highlight their common themes, as well as their differences. It is argued that this discussion can provide a better understanding of the opportunities for and limitations to further engagement between Catholic social thought and economics.
New and Improvable Lives
Authors: Horton Joe ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: September 2021

According to weak utilitarianism, at least when other things are equal, you should maximize the sum of well-being. This view has considerable explanatory power, but it also has two implications that seem to me implausible. First, it implies that, other things equal, it is wrong to harm yourself, or even to deny yourself benefits. Second, it implies that, other things equal, given the opportunity to create new happy people, it is wrong not to. These implications can be avoided by accepting a complaints-based alternative to weak utilitarianism. However, complaints-based views face two decisive problems, originally noticed by Jacob Ross. I here develop a view that avoids these problems while retaining the advantages of complaints-based views.
Choosing What to Mean by “Respectability Politics”
Authors: O’Connor Cara ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

This essay treats divergent conceptions of “respectability politics” as a question of conceptual ethics. Influential discussions of respectability politics in the public sphere have centered on disagreements about tactics and strategies for liberation. But entwined within this discourse one can find a parallel effort to decide which conception of “respectability politics” will best serve the current moment of struggle. Should we accept its newer normative meaning, where it is used to condemn political tactics that ask African-Americans and members of other marginalized groups to seem nonthreatening and morally acceptable to oppressors? Or should stakeholders work to preserve the descriptive meaning of the concept—the one introduced by Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham (Righteous Discontent, 1993) to identify late-Ninenteeth century tactics of moral self-discipline that were sometimes elitist, but were also often progressive, rebellious, and pro-working class? The conceptual choice invites us to ask which social realities should be picked out by the phrase “respectability politics” and how to judge the different ways normative and descriptive conceptions function within our political lives. In this essay I offer criteria for adjudicating between the negative-normative and the complex-descriptive conceptions of respectability politics and I consider the whether or not they can be reconciled.
La Nature en partage. Autour du protocole de Nagoya
Authors: Nivart Anne
Published: September 2021

Accord international majeur pour une gouvernance mondiale de la biodiversité,le protocole de Nagoya devait permettre d’en finir avec l’exploitation sans contrepartie des ressources naturelles et des savoirs des pays du Sud. Son objectif était d’assurer une plus grande justice et équité entre fournisseurs et utilisateurs de ressources génétiques, de rendre visibles les apports et savoirs des communautés autochtones et locales et de décoloniser la recherche, tout en assurant la conservation de la biodiversité. Trente ans après la Convention sur la diversité biologique qui lui a donné naissance, les auteurs s’interrogent sur les traductions juridiques et pratiques de ce cadre vertueux, entré en vigueur en 2014. S’il a permis de reconnaître la pluralité des savoirs et d’établir une traçabilité des ressources, il a également contribué à imposer une vision marchande de la nature et des savoirs, à exacerber les revendications identitaires et à complexifier l’accès à la biodiversité à l’heure d’une recherche mondialisée. L’ouvrage présente un dialogue interdisciplinaire à partir de retours d’expérience de chercheurs et d’acteurs de la conservation (communautés locales, gestionnaires de collections et de parcs naturels). Au-delà du protocole de Nagoya, il invite à s’interroger sur les relations entre les sociétés et la nature à la lumière de l’urgence écologique. Il s’adresse à tout public intéressé par l’économie de la biodiversité et la justice environnementale.
Elevated von Willebrand Factor Antigen Is an Early Predictor of Mortality and Prolonged Length of Stay for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Inpatients
Authors: Cotter Alexander H. , Yang Su-Jau T. , Shafi Hedyeh , Cotter Timothy M. , Palmer-Toy Darryl Erik
Published: September 2021

Context.—

Coagulation factor and endothelial injury marker, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), is elevated in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective.—

To assess the prognostic value of vWF:Ag for COVID-19 inpatients.

Design.—

Citrated plasma samples collected from COVID-19 inpatients for D-dimer measurement were tested for vWF:Ag. Measurements of vWF:Ag and common acute-phase reactants were correlated with clinical outcomes and length of stay (LOS).

Results.—

We included 333 samples from a diverse group of 120 COVID-19 inpatients. There was a clear association of higher peak measurements of vWF:Ag and other acute-phase reactants with adverse clinical outcomes. Peak vWF:Ag >300% was associated with a 5-fold increased risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 5.08; P < .001) and a 30-fold increased risk of prolonged (>4 days) LOS (OR, 29.65; P = .001). Peak D-dimer >3.8 fibrinogen equivalent units (FEUs) mg/L was associated with a 15-fold increase in risk of death (OR, 14.73; P < .001) and a 5-fold increased risk of prolonged LOS (OR, 4.55; P = .02). Using the earliest paired measurements of vWF:Ag and D-dimer from each patient and the same cutoffs, vWF:Ag was associated with a 3.5-fold increase in risk of death (OR, 3.54; P = .004) and a 20-fold risk of prolonged LOS (OR, 20.19; P = .004). Yet D-dimer was not significantly associated with either death (OR, 1.9; P = .29) or prolonged LOS (OR, 1.02; P = .98).

Conclusions.—

Both peak and early postadmission vWF:Ag >300% were highly predictive of death and prolonged LOS among COVID-19 inpatients. Measurement of vWF:Ag may prove a valuable tool to guide escalation of COVID-19 treatment, particularly anticoagulation.
Neurodevelopmental disorders in the international classification of diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11): An overview
Authors: Stevanović Dejan
Published: September 2021

Neurodevelopmental disorders include a wide range of difficulties and impairments in the development of cognitive and/or motor functions. The eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), which came out in 2018 and whose application should start in 2022, has introduced for the first time the diagnostic group named neurodevelopmental disorders, which consists of disorders of intellectual development, developmental speech or language disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental learning disorder, developmental motor coordination disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), stereotyped movement disorder, tic disorders, and other specified neurodevelopmental disorders, as a residual category. The aim of this overview was to present the main diagnostic categories in the ICD-11 that constitute the group of neurodevelopmental disorders and to show the main changes in the diagnosis of individual disorders of the development using the ICD-11 compared to the previous ICD10. It is expected that the ICD-11 will provide better conceptualization and understanding of psychopathology, including neurodevelopmental disorders, and that the diagnosing of disorders will not only be easier, but also improved for both research and clinical purposes.
Evaluación de programas online de capacitación docente sobre innovación y competencias digitales durante la Covid-19: #webinarsUNIA
Authors: Sánchez González María , Miró Amarante María Lourdes , Ruiz Rey Francisco José , Cebrián de la Serna Manuel
Published: September 2021

La pandemia de la Covid-19 ha provocado una transformación digital en la docencia universitaria aún por valorar y analizar en todas sus dimensiones. Ante ello, las instituciones han desarrollado diferentes estrategias, también en red, para formar al profesorado. El presente artículo expone un programa universitario, los #webinarsUNIA, enmarcado en los planes anuales de formación al profesorado de la Universidad desde 2013-14 pero en abierto y sin coste para cualquier persona interesada. Nos centramos en los resultados de la edición 2020-21, con una veintena de seminarios como respuesta a las demandas formativas docentes fruto de la sobrevenida y rápida virtualización de los programas durante la pandemia, y que reunió a 10.933 participantes de diversa procedencia geográfica. Para medir su satisfacción se diseñaron encuestas con “alfa de Cronbach” 0,789 que consideraron, entre otras dimensiones, organización, docentes, contenidos y formato de las actividades. La evaluación fue opcional y obtuvo una muestra de 1.908 respuestas (34% de quienes concluyeron la formación). Los resultados fueron en general muy positivos, atendiendo al principio de pertinencia en los objetivos, necesidades recogidas en un sondeo previo al diseño y oportunidad en el formato. Además, abrieron paso a la generación de nuevos recursos y productos de aprendizaje en formato SPOC de gran utilidad para capacitar sobre competencias digitales, innovación educativa y e-learning a un gran número de docentes en el escenario de la Covid-19.