bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unexpected Genetic Diversity of Nostocales (Cyanobacteria) Isolated from the Laurel Forest Phyllosphere in the Canary Islands (Spain)
Authors: Rancel-Rodríguez Nereida M. , Sausen Nicole , Reyes Carolina Pérez , Quintana Antera Martel , Melkonian Barbara , Melkonian Michael
Published: November 2024

A total of 96 strains of Nostocales (Cyanobacteria) were established from the laurel forest phyllosphere in the Canary Islands (Spain) and Azores (Portugal) using enrichment media lacking combined nitrogen. The strains were characterized by light microscopy and SSU rRNA gene comparisons. Morphologically, most strains belonged to two different morphotypes, termed “Nostoc-type” and “Tolypothrix-type”. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 527 SSU rRNA gene sequences of cyanobacteria (95 sequences established during this study plus 392 sequences from Nostocales and 40 sequences from non-heterocyte-forming cyanobacteria retrieved from the databases) revealed that none of the SSU rRNA gene sequences from the laurel forest phyllosphere was identical to a database sequence. In addition, the genetic diversity of the isolated strains was high with 42 different genotypes (44% of the sequences), recognized. Among the new genotypes were also terrestrial members of genus Nodularia as well as members of genus Brasilonema. It is concluded that heterocyte-forming cyanobacteria represent a still largely undersampled component of the phyllosphere in subtropical/tropical forests.
Gaming Polarisation: Using Agent-Based Simulation as a Dialogue Tool
Authors: Wang Shaoni , Jager Wander
Published: November 2024

The transition to sustainable systems often faces significant challenges, with polarisation emerging as a critical obstacle due to divergent views on sustainability. Understanding the underlying drivers of polarisation and promoting inclusivity in decision-making processes is essential for fostering collective action. This study uses the agent-based HUMAT framework to develop a dialogue tool to explore the complexities of community opinion dynamics such as polarisation and potential pathways to reconciliation in divided communities. By simulating scenarios such as unsatisfied, divided, and reconciled communities, the tool provides key insights into how individual characteristics—such as assertiveness and openness to change—affect community cohesion, satisfaction, and collective decision-making outcomes. Moreover, the study examines intervention strategies that reduce polarisation, offering actionable pathways toward consensus. The visual representation of dynamics across different scenarios has the potential to engage stakeholders in the decision-making process, encouraging deeper reflection on community collaboration and participation. While limitations such as simplified assumptions and the lack of empirical calibration limit its predictive accuracy, the dialogue tool shows strong potential for both educational and policy applications. It offers valuable insights into social influences, conformity, and opinion dynamics, making it a promising tool for fostering inclusive, informed decision-making processes and enhancing community engagement in sustainability transitions.
Successful Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Schiff Base Macromolecules via Classical Chemistry and A DBD Non-Thermal Plasma Approaches: Metal Complexation, Antitumor Screening and Docking Study
Authors: Okasha Rawda M. , Mohamed Abdel-Aleam H , Elhenawy Ahmed A. , Alsehli Mosa H. , Alsaedi Wael H. , Alblewi Fawzia F. , Assirey Eman A. , Alawad Majed O. , Aljohani Faizah S. , Hrytani Zainab , Ibrahim Israa , Afifi Tarek H.
Published: November 2024

Schiff base macromolecules have been successfully synthesized, utilizing a classical chemistry route and a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma technique. The synthesis of monomeric units has been accomplished through typical reactions of aldehyde and amine functional molecules. The condensation polymerization of the Schiff base molecules has been instigated chemically, using p-toluene sulfonyl chloride in refluxed ethanol. The molecular weight of the obtained polymers was discovered to be 524,664 and 1,503,228 for polymers 4a and 4b, respectively. Additionally, the polymerization reactions were prompted, employing a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) atmospheric pressure air plasma technique. The DBD plasma demonstrated a very powerful routine to produce high molecular weights macromolecules, which could be an ecofriendly strategy to acquire this class of materials. Moreover, the complexation of polymer 4b with various metal moieties, Ru (II), Co (II), Cu (II), and Ni (II), has been executed in order to have a comparative study of their antitumor activity against MCF-7, A-549, HCT-116, and HepG-2 cell lines. Furthermore, the density functional theory was exploited to optimize the polymers and their complexes, and their HOMO-LUMO and energy gap were calculated, which was utilized to examine the inter/intra molecular charge transfer. The molecular electrostatic potential map was similarly quantified to investigate the reactive sites that are present in the investigated molecules. The result for the docking study confirmed that these complexed polymers adopted numerous important interactions with the amino acid of the targeted enzyme.
In Ovo Vaccination Technology: An Alternative Approach to Post-Hatch Vaccination in Modern Poultry Operations
Authors: Abd El-Ghany Wafaa A
Published: November 2024

Poultry production system is usually exposed to important infections that could be prevented by vaccination programs. Conventional methods of vaccination such as drinking water, spray, eye or nose inoculation, and injection are usually given after hatching and have many disadvantages. Therefore, there is a great need for searching of alternative ways for vaccination process. In ovo vaccination technology is now regarded as an alternative approach to post-hatch vaccination in modern poultry operations. This technique is effective, fast, provides uniform vaccine dose and delivery, suitable for a massive production, and reduces the labor costs. Routine in ovo vaccination is applied during the late stage of embryonic development between days 17.5 and 19.25 of egg incubation. The best route of inoculation of the vaccine is in the amniotic fluid or in the embryo’s muscles without causing any hatchability or chick quality losses. Accordingly, the inoculation site, the age of the embryos and breeders, presence of maternal antibodies, and the sanitation of equipment’s and the environment during the vaccination process affect the efficiency of the in ovo vaccination technique. In ovo vaccination technology is currently applied for vaccination against several economically important viral diseases such as Newcastle, infectious bursal disease, Marek’s disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, infectious bronchitis, avian influenza, and avian metapneumovirus. Moreover, vaccines used for prevention of mycoplasmosis and coccidiosis could be applied in ovo instead of post hatching application. It could be concluded that in ovo vaccination is a rapidly growing trend of vaccine technology and it can replace the post-hatching vaccination conventional methods.
Scoping Review of Climate Change Adaptation Interventions for Health: Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: Brink Nicholas , Mansoor Kehkashan , Swiers Joost , Lakhoo Darshnika P , Parker Craig , Sawry Shobna , Aunan Kristin , Otto Ilona , Chersich Matthew F
Published: November 2024

Climate Change is among the greatest threats to health in the 21st century, requiring urgent scale-up of adaptation interventions. We aim to summarize adaptation interventions that were funded by the Belmont Forum and the European Union, the largest global funders of climate change and health research. A systematic search was conducted (updated February 2023) to identify articles on adaptation interventions for health within this funding network. Data extracted included study characteristics, types of interventions, and study outcomes. Results were synthesised narratively within the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. 197 articles were screened, with 37 reporting on adaptation interventions. The majority of interventions focused on the general population (n=17), with few studies examining high-risk populations such as pregnant women and children (n=4) or migrants (n=0). Targeted interventions were mostly aimed at behaviour change (n=8) and health system strengthening (n=6), while interventions with mitigation co-benefits such as nature-based solutions (n=1) or the built environment (n=0) were limited. The most studied climate change hazard was extreme heat (n=26). Several studies reported promising findings, principally on interventions to counter heat impacts in workers and pregnant women, and improving risk awareness in communities. These findings provide a platform on which to expand research and public health interventions towards safeguarding public health from the effects of climate change.
Reactogenicity and immunogenicity against MPXV of the intradermal administration of Modified Vaccinia Ankara compared to the standard subcutaneous route
Authors: Mazzotta Valentina , Piselli Pierluca , Cozzi Lepri Alessandro , Matusali Giulia , Cimini Eleonora , Esvan Rozenn , Colavita Francesca , Gagliardini Roberta , Notari Stefania , Oliva Alessandra , Meschi Silvia , Casetti Rita , Micheli Giulia , Bordi Licia , Giacinta Alessandro , Grassi Germana , Gebremeskel Tekle Saba , Cimaglia Claudia , Paulicelli Jessica , Caioli Alessandro , Gallì Paola , Duca Giulia Del , Lichtner Miriam , Sarmati Loredana , Tamburrini Enrica , Mastroianni Claudio , Latini Alessandra , Faccendini Paolo , Fontana Carla , Nicastri Emauele , Siddu Andrea , Barca Alessandra , Vaia Francesco , Girardi Enrico , Maggi Fabrizio , Antinori Andrea
Published: November 2024

The recent resurgence of Mpox in central Africa has been declared again a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) requiring coordinated international responses. Vaccination is a priority to expand protection and enhance control strategies, but the vaccine's need exceeds the currently available doses. Intradermal (ID) administration of one-fifth of the standard Modified-Vaccinia-Ankara (MVA-BN) dose was temporarily authorized during the 2022 PHEIC. Studies conducted before 2022 provided evidence about the humoral response against the Vaccinia virus (VACV) after vaccination but not against the Mpox virus (MPXV). Moreover, no data are available on the T-cell response elicited by MVA-BN administered subcutaneously or intradermally. Here, we compare the two vaccine administration routes according to reactogenicity (using data of n=943 vaccine recipients) and immunogenicity (n=225 vaccine recipients) attending INMI Spallanzani hospital during the 2022 vaccination campaign in Rome, Italy. We found that the ID route elicited higher titers of MPXV-specific IgG (mean difference of 0.26 log2, p=0.05) and nAbs (0.24 log2, p=0.08) than the subcutaneous (SC) route one month after the complete vaccination cycle. At the same time, no evidence for a difference in cellular response was found. MVA-BN was globally well tolerated despite higher reactogenicity for the ID than the SC route, especially for the reactions at the local injection site. The ID dose-sparing strategy was proven safe and immunogenic and would make vaccination available to more people. Our data support the current WHO recommendation of using the ID route in in low-medium income countries (LMIC) although response data in people infected with the new 1b clade are urgently needed.
A Phenologically Simplified Two-Stage Clumping Index Product Derived from the 8-Day Global MODIS-CI Product Suite
Authors: Gao Ge , Jiao Ziti , Li Zhilong , Wang Chenxia , Guo Jing , Zhang Xiaoning , Ding Anxin , Tan Zheyou , Chen Sizhe , Yang Fangwen , Dong Xin
Published: November 2024

The clumping index (CI) is a key structural parameter that quantifies the nonrandomness of the spatial distribution of vegetation canopy leaves. Investigating seasonal variations in the CI is crucial, especially for estimating the leaf area index (LAI) and studying global carbon and water cycles. However, accurate estimations of the seasonal CI have substantial challenges, e.g., from the need for accurate hot spot measurements, i.e., the typical feature of the bidirectional reflectance distribution fumnction (BRDF) shape in the current CI algorithm framework. Therefore, deriving a phenologically simplified stable CI product from a high-frequency CI product (e.g., 8 days) to reduce the uncertainty of CI seasonality and simplify CI applications remains important. In this study, we applied the discrete Fourier transform and an improved dynamic threshold method to estimate the start of season (SOS) and end of season (EOS) from the CI time series and indicated that the CI exhibits significant seasonal variation characteristics that are generally consistent with the MODIS land surface phenology (LSP) product (MCD12Q2), although seasonal differences between them probably exist. Second, we divided the vegetation cycle into two phenological stages based on the MODIS LSP product, ignoring the differences mentioned above, i.e., the leaf-on season (LOS, from greenup to dormancy) and the leaf-off season (LFS, after dormancy and before greenup of the next vegetation cycle), and developed the phenologically simplified two-stage CI product using the MODIS 8-day CI product suite. Finally, we assessed the accuracy of this CI product (RMSE = 0.06, bias = 0.01) via 95 datasets from 14 field-measured sites globally. This study revealed that the CI exhibited an approximately inverse trend in terms of phenological variation compared with the NDVI. Globally, based on the phenologically simplified two-stage CI product, the CILOS is smaller than the CILFS across all land cover types. Compared with the LFS stage, the quality for this CI product is better in the LOS stage, where the QA is basically identified as 0 and 1, accounting for more than ~90% of the total quality flag, which is significantly higher than that in the LFS stage (~60%). This study provides relatively reliable CI datasets that capture the general trend of seasonal CI variations and simplify potential applications in modeling ecological, meteorological, and other surface processes at both global and regional scales. Therefore, this study provides both new perspectives and datasets for future research in relation to CI and other biophysical parameters, e.g., the LAI.
Antinociceptive Potential of Ximenia americana L. Bark Extract and Caffeic Acid: Insights into Pain Modulation Pathways
Authors: Pessoa Renata Torres , Santos da Silva Lucas Yure , Alcântara Isabel Sousa , Silva Tarcísio Mendes , Silva Eduardo dos Santos , Costa Roger Henrique Sousa da , da Silva Aparecida Barros , Ribeiro-Filho Jaime , Pereira Bezerra Martins Anita Oliveira Brito , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Sousa Jean Carlos Pereira , Chaves Andréa Rodrigues , Marreto Ricardo Neves , Menezes Irwin Rose Alencar de
Published: November 2024

Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) has traditionally been used in folk medicine in the African continent and Brazilian Northeast to treat diseases such as diarrhea, fever, wounds, and pain. This study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of the Ximenia americana L. bark extract (HEXA) and its primary component, caffeic acid (CA), through in vivo assays. The antinociceptive properties were assessed using abdominal writhing, hot plate, and Von Frey tests. Additionally, the study investigated the modulation of various pain signaling pathways using a pharmacological approach. The results demonstrated that all doses of the HEXA extract significantly increased latency in the hot plate test, decreased the number of abdominal contortions, reduced hyperalgesia in the Von Frey test, and inhibited both phases of the formalin test. Caffeic acid reduced licking time in the first phase of the formalin test at all doses, with the highest dose showing significant effects in the second phase. The HEXA extract potentially modulated α2-adrenergic, nitric oxide, glutamatergic, vanilloid, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and K+-ATP channel-dependent pathways. Conversely, caffeic acid influenced the opioid, glutamatergic, and vanilloid pathways while inhibiting nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. HEXA and CA exhibit significant antinociceptive effects due to their potential interference in multiple pain signaling pathways. While the molecular targets remain to be fully investigated, HEXA and CA demonstrate significant potential for the development of new analgesic drugs.
The Kinetic Energy of Relativistic Particles
Authors: Pereira Marco
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to relativistic kinetic energy through the lens of the Hypergeometrical Universe (HU) Theory, introducing an Absolute Reference Frame (ARF) that fundamentally reinterprets the Lorentz transformation. HU suggests that the physics underlying Lorentz transformations is not an intrinsic time dilation or relativistic mass increase but rather an Absolute-Velocity-Dependent Force. This force diminishes at high velocities, effectively tapering off particle interactions and yielding a bounded kinetic energy that matches classical expectations at the speed of light: KE = mc**2 /2. This model contrasts sharply with conventional relativity, which predicts unbounded kinetic energy as velocity approaches c. This theoretical divergence finds a compelling empirical anchor in the unusual case of Soviet scientist Anatoli Bugorski, who survived exposure to a high-energy proton beam. While relativistic models would predict an energy deposition near 4.6 kJ, likely resulting in fatal damage, Bugorski’s injuries aligned closely with HU’s prediction of a capped energy deposition, around 0.285 J. The HU model explains this outcome as a natural consequence of diminished force interactions at relativistic speeds, leading to reduced energy transfer upon impact. This reframing has significant implications for high-energy physics and particle penetration in solid materials. According to HU, reduced force efficiency at high velocities leads to phenomena traditionally interpreted as time dilation and relativistic mass. For example, at near-light speeds, particles encounter lower interaction cross-sections, resulting in greater penetration, not because of a true mass increase but due to a physical tapering of the HU force. The paper proposes calorimetric experiments in particle accelerators to empirically differentiate between HU and relativistic predictions. By measuring thermal energy deposition instead of relying on penetration depth, these experiments could directly observe the Absolute-Velocity-Dependent Force in action. This approach could profoundly impact our understanding of high-energy dynamics, particularly in applications like spacecraft shielding. This work invites experimental physicists and theorists to explore HU’s framework through accessible computational models and experimental designs provided in accompanying GitHub repositories. This innovative model challenges the established foundations of relativity and offers a new perspective on high-velocity particle interactions, making it a pivotal contribution to modern physics and potential aerospace applications.
I-124 Labeled Anthraquinone-Derivative-Coating Gold Nanoparticles for Targeted Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Lee Jun Young , Park Jeong Hoon
Published: November 2024

Background: Rhein, an anthraquinone derivative, and gold nanoparticles have demonstrated significant potential in facilitating the theranostics of breast cancer. Rhein inhibits breast cancer by exhibiting a strong binding affinity to the estrogen receptor. In addition, gold nanoparticles, when used as nanocarriers, may enhance the therapeutic effects against breast cancer. This study out-lines the preparation of [124I]rhein-gold for position emission tomography (PET) imaging in a breast cancer mouse model. Method: Gold nanoparticles (30 nm) were prepared using the citrate reduction method. Second, the anthraquinone derivative rhein-cysteine complex was synthesized using the carbodiimide coupling method. Third, the radiosynthesis of [124I]rhein-Cys-gold nanocomposites (RCGs) was performed using the chloramine T method. Specifically, 1 mg of RCGs in dimethylformamide was mixed with Na124I (37 MBq) at pH 12 along with chloramine T (5 mg). The reaction was allowed to proceed for 15 min at room temperature. To remove free 124I, the mixture was purified via centrifugation for 10 min at 10,000 rpm. Results: The radiochemical yield of [124I]RCGs was 65% ± 8.2%, with a radiochemical purity of > 98%. In vivo [124I]RCGs targeted MCF-7 cells in a hormone-dependent manner, with cellular uptake values of 25.4 ± 1.59% at 15 min, 27.1 ± 1.27% at 30 min, 28.6 ± 0.38% at 60 min, and 15.97 ± 0.66% at 120 min. In vivo small-animal PET images of [124I]RCGs showed significant uptake in human breast cancer and MCF-7 tumors. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the synthesis and biological evaluation of [124I]RCGs. [124I]RCGs showed high cellular uptake in a time-dependent manner. PET images of [124I]RCGs confirmed their high affinity for MCF-7 tumors in mice from 1 h to 24 h. These results suggest that [124I]RCGs are promising radiopharmaceuticals, demonstrating potential both as an imaging agent and therapeutic option for estrogen-receptor-targeted breast cancer treatment.
Navigating the Human‐Robot Interface – Exploring Humans Interactions and Perceptions with Social and Telepresence Robots
Authors: Mårell-Olsson Eva , Bensch Suna , Hellström Thomas , Alm Hannah , Hyllbrant Amanda , Leonardson Mimmi , Westberg Sanna
Published: November 2024

This study explores Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) by investigating user experiences with two types of robots: Pepper, a social humanoid robot, and Double 3, a self-driving telepresence robot. Conducted in a controlled setting with a specific participant group, this research aims to understand how different robot embodiments affect user perception, interaction patterns, and emotional responses. The findings underscore the role of adaptability, effective communication, autonomy, and perceived credibility in user-centered robot design. Despite limitations in sample size, the study provides insights into the ethical and social considerations of integrating AI in public and professional spaces, highlighting implications for enhancing user-centered design and expanding applications for Social and Telepresence robots in society.
Molecular Generation Strategy and Optimization Based on PPO Reinforcement Learning in De Novo Drug Design
Authors: Xuelan Yang , Zain Jasni Mohamad , Tao Hai , Setyawan Gembong Edhi , Kurnianingtyas Diva , Jamari and Muhammad Hisyam
Published: November 2024

The drug discovery process tends to be grueling, lengthy and expensive, with cost estimates approximating $2.6 billion, consuming over 10 years to complete. Such drawbacks have set many eyes locked onto reducing the costs and accelerating the development. The emergence of Deep Reinforced Learning (DRL) within cheminformatics and bioinformatics has broadens the horizons of de novo drug design. Realizing the full potential of DRL in molecular generation requires selecting the appropriate reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm. In this work, we address these problems by utilizing Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm within the DRL framework for molecular generation. We proposed a new method by utilizing PPO algorithm within the DRL framework, termed PSQ, to enable the generation of new chemical compounds with desired properties. This methodology has demonstrated significant potential in exploring and generating specific molecules by optimizing for targeted characteristics. The PPO algorithm's superior performance in exploring the chemical space and generating compounds with diverse pharmacophore features, functional groups, and biological activities underscores its potential in drug discovery and chemical synthesis. By systematically comparing the outputs of PPO and REINFORCE, we highlighted the robustness and efficiency of PPO in optimizing molecular properties for targeted therapeutic applications.
Diagnostic Performance of RNA-Extraction-Free Diagnostic Method for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Through Dilution and Heating Steps
Authors: Alemayehu Getnet Hailu , Bitew Molalegne , Medhin Girmay , Mekonnen Adamu Tayachew , Y. Woldeamanuele Nebiyou , Mengistie Andargachew Gashu , Ayele Samuel , Asfaw Admikew Agunie , Korkiso Asefa Konde , Legesse Mengestu
Published: November 2024

Background: RT-qPCR is the gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19, the testing process requires RNA extraction, which can be time-consuming, costly and infectious. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of an extraction-free heating and dilution method (EFHD) with conventional extraction-based (EB) methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2. Method: A total of 300 specimens, (190 positive, 110 negative) were collected retrospectively from the National Virology Reference Laboratory repository of Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI). The specimens were diluted in 1:2 with RNase-free water and heated at 72°C for 15 minutes. 10µL of the heated sample/ elutes were mixed with 20µL of the master mix and runned using an ABI 7500 Fast instrument (ThermoFisher Scientific). Performance characteristics were analyzed using R-Studio and STATA v17. Result: The EFHD revealed a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 100%. The accuracy of the new method was 85.8% (163/190). The new method reported 15 false negatives and 12 invalid results. The EFHD method exhibited strong agreement with the standard method, (with an agreement of 95%, and a kappa coefficient of 0.89). It performed well with high viral load samples (Ct < 20), but exhibited reduced sensitivity for lower viral loads (Ct > 35). The study confirmed a significant correlation (R² = 0.99, p = 0.001) between EFHD and extraction-based SARS CoV-2 detection methods. Conclusion: EFHD demonstrated good performance characteristics. Its tendency to produce false negatives in low viral load cases suggests room for improvement. This method could be the choice of testing in resource-limited areas specially for outbreak management and control.
Wheat Declining in Bangladesh: Considering Factors and Possible Solutions to Increase Its Production
Authors: Alam Mohammad Nur , Rahman Aminur , Rahman Mohammad M , Akhter Mst. Masuma , Sakib Imran , Faruq Golam , EL Sabagh Ayman
Published: November 2024

Wheat has to face the effects of global warming standing on the thread worldwide, and competing with many crops in the Rabi season (15 Oct to 15 Mar). Wheat is Bangladesh’s second staple, meeting 13.6% of the country's cereal demand. However, despite an annual demand of 7.5 million metric tons (MMT), domestic wheat production in the 2023-24 season was only 1.19 MMT, covering just 15.9% of its demand and necessitating imports costing $2.21 billion. Demand continues to rise by 7-13% each year. Wheat production has declined from 1.99 in the 1998-99 season to 1.19 MMT in the 2023-24 season due to high crop competition with Boro rice, maize, mustard, and other crops during the Rabi season. Wheat production is reduced by other factors, such as low prices and insufficient mechanization, lack of time decision, etc. to purchase wheat grains by the government and businessmen which discourage framers from its cultivation. Expanding wheat cultivation with high-yielding stress-tolerant varieties in fallow lands and non-traditional areas would reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, malnutrition, groundwater harvesting, etc. Our study aims to offer new insights to policymakers and national and international benevolent agencies regarding the reasons behind the decline in wheat production and potential strategies to increase it. Additionally, this content will provide guidelines for policymakers and other stakeholders on how to reduce severe malnutrition and minimize greenhouse gas emissions and groundwater harvesting, thereby supporting the implementation of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Heavy Metal Poisoning in Aratinga Jandaya in an Urban Environment in the Amazon Biome
Authors: Sakata Ketelen Ayumi Corrêa , Gomes Karen Emanuelly Pinheiro , Oliveira Hanna Gabriela da Silva , Correa Letícia Yasmin Silva , Lopes Cinthia Távora de Albuquerque , Thiesen Roberta Martins Crivelaro , Domingues Sheyla Farhaylde Souza , Salvarani Felipe Masiero
Published: November 2024

The true parakeets (Aratinga jandaya) inhabit the northern and central-eastern regions of South America, where their survival is increasingly threatened by illegal wildlife trafficking and anthropogenic activities. These pressures force the birds to seek new habitats, increasing their exposure to heavy metal ingestion in urban environments. This study presents the first documented cases of heavy metal poisoning and its treatment in two A. jandaya specimens rescued and treated at a university hospital in Castanhal, Pará, Brazil. Clinically, bird 1 exhibited dry nostrils and diarrhea, while bird 2 showed wing weakness, slight opisthotonos, a tilted posture, and more erect feathers. Radiographs and blood tests confirmed the presence of metallic content in the ventriculus of both birds. Chelation therapy with calcium edetate at a dose of 70 mg/kg, administered twice daily via oral route for 7 and 10 days, respectively, resulted in the successful elimination of the metal. Both birds were discharged after 1 month and 6 days of treatment, and subsequently released. The chosen chelation protocol proved effective without the need for invasive procedures, marking a significant step in the management of heavy metal toxicity in A. jandaya.
In Vitro Mechanical Properties Assessment of Newly Developed Orthodontic Self‐Adhesive Resins
Authors: Mohammed Dana R. , Deb Sanjukta , Ibrahim Ali I.
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to develop novel self-adhesive resins for orthodontic bracket bonding that can provide clinically acceptable bond strengths, leave minimal remnant adhesive and enamel damage upon bracket debonding. Materials and Methods: A plain self-adhesive resin was used as a control, from which three main modified self-adhesive resin groups were developed for bracket bonding: bioactive glass, strontium fluoride and grape seed extract. All groups were subjected to three artificial aging models prior to shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index, enamel damage index and micro-hardness assessments. Results: All groups yielded clinically acceptable shear bond strength values. The addition of 0.5% grape seed extract to plain self-adhesive resin+1% bioactive glass yielded the highest shear bond strength, minimal adhesive remnant index and minimal enamel damage post debonding, yet the differences were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). The best performance regarding microhardness was displayed by the addition of 0.5% grape seed extract. Conclusions: The formulation (1% bioactive glass+ 0.5% grape seed extract) yielded clinically satisfactory shear bond strength, minimal adhesive residue, minimal enamel damage, and highest micro-hardness mean value as compared to the control and other experimental self-adhesive resin groups.
New Insights into Fertilisation with Animal Manures for Annual Double-Cropping Systems in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones of Northeastern Spain
Authors: Quilez Dolores , Guillen Monica , Valles Marta , Daudén Arturo , Moreno-García Beatriz
Published: November 2024

Compared with maize monocropping systems, maize double-cropping production systems have a much greater nitrogen extraction capacity. This study aims to assess if in these farming systems, animal manures could be applied, using adequate management practices, exceeding the maximum annual amount of livestock manure established in the European Nitrate Directive for vulnerable zones (170 kg N ha-1) without increasing the risk of water nitrate contamination. We compare the risk of nitrate leaching under two fertilisation strategies, one with synthetic fertilisers (M) and the second with maximized application of pig slurry (P). The study was conducted in two contrasting soil types, a deep and heavy-textured soil and a shallow and stony soil. Crop yields and N extractions were not affected by the fertilisation strategies. The nitrate concentrations in the soil below the crop root zone were lower in the deep soil than in the shallow soil, where values exceeded 1000 mg L-1. The soil nitrate concentration was not affected by fertilisation strategies at each site. The results show that pig slurry can be applied above the limit of 170 kg N ha-1, in the conditions of the study up to 360 kg N ha-1, without increasing the risk for nitrate leaching.
Classical Chaos in a Driven One-Dimensional Quartic Anharmonic Oscillator
Authors: Lin Yun-Hsi , Chai Jeng-Da
Published: November 2024

In this work, we investigate the transition from regular dynamics to chaotic behavior in a one-dimensional quartic anharmonic classical oscillator driven by a time-dependent external square-wave force. Owing to energy conservation, the motion of the undriven quartic anharmonic oscillator is regular, periodic, and stable. For the driven quartic anharmonic oscillator, the equations of motion cannot be solved analytically due to the presence of an anharmonic term in the potential energy function. Using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to numerically solve the equations of motion for the driven quartic anharmonic oscillator, we find that the oscillator motion under the influence of a sufficiently small driving force remains regular, while by gradually increasing the driving force, a series of nonlinear resonances can occur, grow, overlap, and ultimately disappear due to the emergence of chaos.
New Derivatives of Chalcones, Chromens and Stilbenoids, Complexed with Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin, Show Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Synergism with Antibiotics
Authors: Zlotnikov Igor D. , Krylov Sergey S. , Belogurova Natalya G. , Blinnikov Alexander Nikolaevich , Kalugin V.E. , Kudryashova Elena Vadimovna
Published: November 2024

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are natural cyclic oligosaccharides with the ability to form inclusion complexes with various organic substances. In this paper, we investigate the potential of CD complex formation to enhance the antibacterial activity and antioxidant properties of poorly soluble bioactive agents, such as chalcones, chromenes, stilbenoids and xanthylium derivatives, serving as potential adjuvants, in comparison with standard antiseptics. The interaction of these potential adjuvants with the hydrophobic pocket of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) was confirmed using spectroscopic methods such as UV-vis, FTIR, and 1H NMR. These complexes, when used in combination with metronidazole, showed a synergy coefficient of 1.36 for chalcones, presumably, via efflux pump inhibition in bacterial cells. To explore the possibility to create theranostic formulation, we used fluorescent markers to visualize target cells, antiseptics to provide antibacterial activity, and natural bioactive agents as chalcones that act as adjuvants. Additionally, new antioxidant compounds were found such as Xanthylium derivative (R351) and 1-methyl-3-(2-amino-3-cyano-7-methoxychromene-4-yl)-pyridinium methanesulfate: the pronounced antioxidant properties of these substances are observed comparable to quercetin in the efficiency. Rhodamine 6G, gentian violet and Congo Red exhibit good antioxidant properties, although its activity is an order of magnitude lower than that of quercetin. However, they have remarkable potential due to their multifaceted nature, including the ability to visualize target cells. The most effective theranostic formulation is the combination of the main drug (metronidazole) + dye/fluorophore (methylene blue / rhodamine 6G) for visualization of target cells + adjuvant (chalcones or xanthylium derivatives) for antiinflammation effect. Formulation options using antiseptics are possible for local use. The presented formulas demonstrate therapeutic potential, allowing simultaneous visualization and therapeutic effect.
New-Generation Antibacterial Agent – Cellulose-Binding Thermostable TP-84 Fusion Endolysin
Authors: Ponikowska Małgorzata , Żebrowska Joanna , Skowron Piotr M.
Published: November 2024

The increasing antibiotic resistance among bacteria challenges the biotech industry to search for new antibacterial molecules. Endolysin TP84_28 is a thermostable, lytic enzyme, encoded by the bacteriophage TP-84, and it effectively digests host bacteria cell wall. Biofilms, together with antibiotic resistance, are major problems in clinical medicine and industry. The primary challenge is to keep antibacterial molecules at the site of desired action, as their diffusion leads to loss of efficacy. The gene encoding TP84_28 endolysin was cloned into a custom expression-fusion vector, forming a fusion gene cbd_tp84_28_his with a cellulose binding domain from the cellulase enzyme. The CBD_TP84_28_His protein was biosynthesized in Escherichia coli and purified. Thermostability and enzymatic activity against various bacterial species were measured by turbidity reduction assay, spot assay, and biofilms removal. Cellulose binding properties were confirmed via interaction with microcellulose and cellulose paper-based immunoblotting. The high affinity of CBD allowed for high concentration of the fusion enzyme at desired target sites such as cellulose-based wound dressings, artificial heart valves and food packaging. CBD_TP84_28_His exhibits lytic effect against thermophilic bacteria Geobacillus stearothemophilus, Thermus aquaticus, Bacillus stearothermophilus and minor effects against mesophilic Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis. CBD_TP84_28_His retains full activity after preincubation in the temperatures of 30-65°C and exhibits significant activity up to its melting point at 73°C. CBD_TP84_28_His effectively reduces biofilms. These findings suggest that integrating CBDs into thermostable endolysins could enable the development of targeted antibacterial recombinant proteins with diverse clinical and industrial applications.
The Code Underneath
Authors: Rives Julio
Published: November 2024

An inverse-square probability mass function (PMF) is at Newcomb-Benford Law’s (NBL) root and ultimately at the origin of positional notation and conformality. Under its tail, we find information as harmonic likelihood, leading to the global NBL ruled by the base B. Under its tail, we find information as logarithmic likelihood, leading to the local (fiducial) NBL ruled by the radix R. In the framework of bijective numeration, we prove that the set of Kempner’s series conforms to the global NBL and that the local NBL is length- and position-invariant.
The global Bayesian rule multiplies the correlation between numbers, s and t, by a likelihood ratio that is the NBL probability of bucket [s;t) relative to B’s support. To encode the odds of quantum j against i locally, we multiply the prior odds Pr(B;j)/Pr(B;i) by a likelihood ratio that is the NBL probability of bin [i;j) relative to R’s support. This two-factor structure is recurrent under arithmetic operations.
A particular case of Bayesian data produces the algebraic field of "referential ratios". The cross-ratio, the central tool in conformal geometry, is a ratio of referential ratios. A one-dimensional coding source reflects the harmonic external world into its logarithmic coding space, the ball {x∈Q| abs(x)< 1-1/B}. The source’s conformal encoding function is y=logR(2x-1), where x is the observed Euclidean distance to an
object’s position. The conformal decoding function is x = ½ (1 + ry). Both functions, unique under basic requirements, enable information- and granularity-invariant recursion to model the multiscale reality.
Impact of a Three-Month Training Break on Swimming Performance in Athletes with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Kyriakidou Glykeria , Tsalis George , Evaggelinou Christina
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to ascertain whether there were any differences in anthropometrics, heart rate, and swimming performance parameters in athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) before and after a three-month training break. A total of 21 athletes participated in the study, comprising 16 males and 5 females with a mean age of 28.3 ± 8.7 years. Of the participants, 15 were identified as having an ID, while six were diagnosed with Down syndrome. The study participants were classified as S14 athletes from a local swimming club. All participants had a minimum of four years of swimming experience and attended two to three one-hour sessions per week for eight consecutive months. All athletes completed two trials of 25-m freestyle swimming, one at the end of a training session and the other at the beginning of a new session. The measurements included weight, body mass index (BMI), handgrip strength (HGS), heart rate (pre- and post-trial), performance (T25), stroke count (SC), stroke length (SL), stroke rate, and the SWOLF efficiency index. The results demonstrated statistically significant elevations in weight (80.2 ± 16.1 to 81.7 ± 15.9), BMI (26.8 ± 5.5 to 27.2 ± 5.5), T25 (33.1 ± 17.1 to 35.6 ± 18), SC (19.3 ± 6.1 to 20.7 ± 7.2), SWOLF (52.4 ± 22.0 to 56.3 ± 25.2), and a reduction in SL (1.39 ± 0.48 to 1.27 ± 0.42). However, no significant differences were observed in the remaining parameters. Significant correlations were found between body weight, BMI, HGS, and SWOLF with T25 throughout the study. It was concluded that individuals with ID experienced a decline in 25-m swimming performance due to technical rather than physiological factors after three months of detraining.
FedWell: A Federated Framework for Privacy-Preserving Occupant Stress Monitoring in Smart Buildings
Authors: Berkani Mohamed Rafik Aymene , Chouchane Ammar , Belabbaci El Ouanas , Ouamane Abdelmalik
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in technology, particularly in artificial intelligence and privacy-preserving tools, have facilitated the development of more sophisticated and secure approaches to addressing this challenge. This paper introduces FedWell, a novel privacy-preserving Federated occupant Stress monitoring approach for smart building environments. Our system integrates physiological data from smart yoga pillows (SaYoPillow) and wearable environmental sensors to train a lightweight, edge-deployable Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The FedWell framework ensures data privacy while enabling collaborative learning across distributed clients using Federated Averaging (FedAvg) aggregation. We conducted experiments using a comprehensive dataset of physiological parameters for stress level detection. The results demonstrate the global model’s exceptional performance, achieving 99.95% accuracy in stress level recognition, with precision of 99.95%, recall of 99.93%, and an F1-score of 99.94%. The global model exhibits a minimal loss of 0.0019% and a low communication cost of 0.08 Mb, highlighting its efficiency for real-time applications.
Relationship Between Periodontitis, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Muñoz-Carrillo José Luis , Palomeque-Molina Paulo Israel , Villacis-Valencia Marcelo Stalin , Gutiérrez-Coronado Oscar , Chávez-Ruvalcaba Francisca , Vázquez-Alcaraz Silverio Jafet , Villalobos-Gutiérrez Paola Trinidad , Palomeque-Molina Josue
Published: November 2024

Inflammation plays a fundamental role in the development and bidirectional association of diverse diseases, such as periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which generates important clinical complications, where chronic exposure to high levels of blood glucose affects the repair process of periodontal tissues. Likewise, it has been observed that comorbidity, between these two diseases, influences the development of the COVID-19 disease towards a more severe course. However, there is currently very little scientific evidence on the relationship between periodontitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 disease. This narrative review aims to provide an understanding of the current and most relevant aspects of the relationship between periodontitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 disease. A narrative review was performed through a systematic search of published studies, without date restrictions, indexed in the electronic databases of PubMed, for the inclusion of articles in English, and LILACS for the inclusion of articles in Spanish. This review included different articles, which addressed the most important aspects to present a current perspective on the relationship and influence between periodontitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 disease. Comorbidity between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a greater risk of developing a more severe course of COVID-19 disease, because these three diseases share three important axes: a clinicopathological axis; an axis associated with glycemia, and an immunological axis associated with inflammation.
Notch Fatigue Damage Evolution Mechanism of TC21 Alloy with Multilevel Lamellar Microstructures
Authors: Zhou Xiaosong , Li Xiang , Huang Chaowen , Wu Quan , Zhao Fei
Published: November 2024

This study aims to explore the effect of microstructural parameters on notch fatigue damage behavior of the TC21 alloy. Different levels of lamellar microstructures were achieved through distinct aging temperatures of 550, 600, and 650 °C. The findings reveal that increasing aging temperature primarily contributes to the augmentation of α colony (αc) thickness, grain boundaries α phase (GBα) thickness, and α fine (αfine) size, alongside a reduction in α lath (αlath) thickness and αfine content. The notch alters stress distribution and relaxation effects at the root, enhancing notched tensile strength while weakening plasticity. Moreover, the increased thickness of GBα emerges as a critical factor leading to the increase area of intergranular cleavage fracture. It is noteworthy that more thickness αlath and smaller αfine facilitate deformation coordination and enhance dislocation accumulation at the interface, leading to a higher propensity for microvoids and microcracks to propagate along the interface. Conversely, at elevated aging temperatures, thinner αlath and larger αfine are more susceptible to fracture, resulting in the liberation of dislocations at the interface. The reduction in αlath thickness is crucial for triggering the initiation of multi-system dislocations at the interface, which promotes the development of persistent slip bands (PSBs) and dislocation nets within αlath. This phenomenon induces inhomogeneous plastic deformation and localized hardening, fostering the formation of microvoids and microcracks.