bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interparietal Inguinal Hernia with Ectopic Testis – An Uncommon Surgical Emergency
Authors: Alur Sunilkumar B. , Siva Sangeetha
Published: March 2021

A 46-year-old gentleman presented to casualty with a reducible right groin swelling (Figure 1) present since childhood which had suddenly become painful and irreducible for the past 6 hours. He gives history of absent right testis since childhood. There’s no history of vomiting, abdominal distension or obstipation. He had no surgeries in the past, no testicular disease or infertility problems. Physical examination revealed obstructed inguinal hernia with doubtful strangulation, absent right testis and normal appearing left testis. After evaluation, patient underwent emergency exploration of right inguinal hernia under general anaesthesia which revealed gangrenous small bowel, omentum in between external oblique aponeurosis and skin without a hernia sac (Figure 2) and; ectopic right testis in the superficial inguinal pouch (Figure 3). Segmental resection of gangrenous bowel with primary anastomosis and right orchidectomy performed through the same inguinal approach. Anatomical repair of posterior wall followed by approximation of external oblique aponeurosis was performed. Histopathology report showed gangrenous ileum with patchy necrosis; testis with tubular atrophy and hyalinisation, maturation arrest of spermatogonia and hyperplasia of interstitial Leydig cells. Post-operative recovery was uneventful.
La educación no formal y la destrucción de la identidad nacional peruana durante la ocupación de Tacna y Arica: “El Escultismo en la Chilenización de Tacna y Arica”. *
Authors: Osorio Soto Gary Martín
Published: March 2021

Resumen El presente artículo, es una revisión histórica – documental de cómo se aplicación sistemas de educación alternativa por medio del Movimiento Scout como mecanismo de chilenización y resistencia de los niños y adolescentes Tacna y Arica durante el cautiverio 1900-1929. El uso del movimiento scout por parte del Gobierno de Chile durante 1900 – 1929, fue un eje fundamental de concienciación de una “nueva identidad” patria a los ciudadanos de las ciudades cautivas de Tacna y Arica, además de la implementación de conscripción e identidad en los territorios de la provincia de Tarapacá. La política interna de Chile, en materia educativa, estuvo relacionada a la implementación de una política de adoctrinamiento militar desde el colegio, fomentando el discurso patriótico y la actividad militar desde la escuela. El método Scout dio soporte al uso del discurso patriótico, en el contexto educativo fomentó una acción de represión a la comunidad peruana en los territorios ocupados después de la guerra del 1879´. El adoctrinamiento cívico – militar, como brazo ideológico de la política chilena de “Chilenización” utilizado contra los niños y jóvenes de Tacna y Arica fue parte del proceso llamado “Chilenización violenta”. Abstract The present article it’s a historical and documentary review of the application of an alternative education system by means of to the Scouting as a mechanism of Chileanization to children and adolescents Tacna and Arica during the captivity process in to 1900-1929. The use of the scout movement by the Government of Chile during 1900 - 1929, was a fundamental axis of awareness of a "new identity" homeland to the citizens of the captive cities of Tacna and Arica, in addition to the implementation of conscription and identity in the territories of the province of Tarapacá. Chile's internal educational policy was related to the implementation of a policy of military indoctrination from the school, promoting patriotic discourse and military activity from the school. The scout movement was supported to Chilean government to use of patriotic discourse, in the educational context, promoted an action of repression against the Peruvian community in the territories occupied in the war of 1879 '. The civic-military indoctrination, as the ideological arm of the Chilean policy of “Chilenización”, was also used by the young people of Tacna and Arica. This process as called “the violent Chileanization”.
Alternativas al colapso socioambiental desde América Latina
Authors: Ávila Romero León Enrique
Published: March 2021

América Latina atraviesa una marcada crisis ambiental, que está llevando al subcontinente a un colapso, entendido este como un cambio en la sociedad, y en la forma de vivir en la actualidad. Esta crisis ecológica se ha visto ahondada con la profundización del modelo económico neoliberal y del neoextractivismo, el cual ha generado una disputa por los bienes comunes. Al mismo tiempo en distintos territorios de la región se están desarrollando alternativas agroecológicas, cooperativas, redes de economía solidaria, eco-tecnologías apropiadas y nuevas construcciones societales basadas en paradigmas como el buen vivir, que van sembrando esperanzas de evitar el colapso, bajo el desarrollo de sociedades en movimiento que reflexionan y actúan en defensa de la madre tierra.
Potensi Beberapa Isolat Bakteri Endofit untuk Pengendalian Biologi Meloidogyne graminicola pada Tanaman Padi
Authors: Munif Abdul , Nurjayadi Mohammad Yadi
Published: March 2021

Meloidogyne graminicola merupakan salah satu nematoda parasit penting pada tanaman padi. M. graminicola menyebabkan gejala puru pada akar sehingga pertumbuhan tanaman terhambat dan terganggu. Pengendalian M. graminicola sangat penting dilakukan agar kerusakan pada tanaman padi dan penyebarannya dapat ditekan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi bakteri endofit dalam mengendalikan nematoda puru akar (NPA) M. graminicola pada tanaman padi. Empat isolat bakteri endofit asal tanaman padi, yaitu isolat Si33, Si2, Sp24, GH1, dan satu isolat asal tanaman kentang G053 diuji untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap mortalitas M. gramincola secara in vitro dan kemampuannya dalam menekan serangan M. graminicola pada tanaman padi di rumah kaca. Hasil uji kultur filtrat bakteri endofit secara in vitro terbukti efektif meningkatkan kematian juvenil 2 M. graminicola sebesar 99.5% hingga 100%. Isolat bakteri endofit juga mampu menekan jumlah puru akar pada tanaman padi dengan kisaran 42.2%–49.3% pada percobaan di rumah kaca. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa isolat bakteri endofit yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mempunyai potensi yang baik sebagai agens biokontrol untuk mengendalikan M. graminicola pada tanaman padi.
Effect of Short- and Long-term Use of Home and In-Office Bleaching with Carbamide Peroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide on Bleaching with Carbamide Peroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide on Enamel Microhardness Enamel Microhardness
Authors:   Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, Ameli Nazila , Kianvash Rad Niloofar ,   Department of Cosmetic Dentistry, Dental School, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, Nikpour Farzane ,   Student Research Committee, Dental School, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, Ghorbani Raheb ,   Social Determinants of Health Research Center , Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, Mohebi Shadi ,   Orthodontic Research Fellow at Bolton Brush Growth Study Center, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, USA
Published: March 2021

Bleaching is a well-known esthetic dental treatment performed to lighten the tooth shade. Among different cosmetic dental procedures, including direct and indirect tooth-colored restorations, bleaching is likely the most conservative approach. Bleaching has been accepted well by patients and proven as a safe and effective approach. Objective: Tooth bleaching can be conducted at home or in offices. This study was performed to compare the enamel microhardness before bleaching and one and eight weeks after the application of different bleaching agents. Methods: Forty human premolars were randomly divided into four groups, and their buccal surface underwent a Vickers microhardness test before and after bleaching. Bleaching was performed with 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) in-office bleaching agent (n = 10), 15% HP at-home bleaching agent (n = 10), and 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) at-home bleaching agent (n = 10) for two weeks. Ten samples were stored in artificial saliva and set as the control group. The microhardness of the samples was measured again one and eight weeks after bleaching. Results: The microhardness significantly decreased in the four groups one week after bleaching. Conclusion: The enamel microhardness was temporarily decreased by in-office bleaching. However, the microhardness increased with time and returned to the baseline value. Although the enamel microhardness initially reduced, it increased eight weeks after 15% CP at-home bleaching agent was applied.
Effectiveness of Lentinus edodes Mushroom Extract on Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm
Authors:   Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia, Lestari Anggiarini Putri , F Amin Meiny ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia, A Gunawan Juanita ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia, Sari Widyarman Armelia ,   Department Head of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
Published: March 2021

Sodium hypochlorite is a commonly used irrigation solution in endodontic procedures, but it irritates tissues and has toxic effects. Lentinus edodes is a mushroom that has antibacterial properties. Enterococcus faecalis is an anaerobic bacterium that can cause root canal treatment failure. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of L. edodes extract on the eradication of E. faecalis biofilms. Methods: Phytochemical tests of L. edodes were performed to analyze alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides from this extract qualitatively. E. faecalis ATCC 29212 was cultured in brain heart infusion broth for 24 h at 37°C in an anaerobic atmosphere. Biofilm assay was performed to analyze the eradication of E. faecalis biofilm after treatment with L. edodes extract. The application times were 5, 15, and 30, and 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80% concentrations were used. Distilled water was used as a negative control, and NaOCl was used as a positive control. Data were statistically analyzed via one-way analysis of variance, where p < 0.05 was set as the level of significance. Results: L. edodes mushroom extract was effective in eradicating E. faecalis biofilms in all concentrations and incubation times compared with the control (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found between the application times of 5 and 15 min compared with 30 min (p < 0.05). The most effective concentration in eradicating E faecalis biofilms was 40% with an application time of 30 min. Conclusion: L. edodes mushroom extract proves its antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis biofilm. Further study is necessary to determine which substances are have the most influence on the effectiveness of L. edodes extract in eradicating E. faecalis biofilm in vivo.
Direct Composite Resin Restoration of Anterior Maxillary Teeth and Esthetic Smile Design: A Case Report and Esthetic Smile Design: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Conservative Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Widya Nugrohowati Christina , Hadriyanto Wignyo ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Nugraheni Tunjung ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Published: March 2021

Dental esthetic complex involves more than one caries with malformed shape and malposition. Dental trauma most commonly affects maxillary anterior teeth, and subsequently affects the esthetics, functions, and psychological well-being of the individual. Composite resins have become an integral part of contemporary restorative and minimally invasive dentistry. Objective: To summarize the successful use of direct composite resin restoration in the management of a 29-year old male patient. Case Report: A 29-year old male patient presenting with multiple secondary caries and crown fractures in the anterior maxillary teeth, resulting in an unaesthetic smile. Comprehensive esthetic dental treatment was carried out. The patient was highly satisfied with the results even after eleven months of follow-up. Conclusion: restorative success with composite resins, the dental treatment plan should be carefully executed with attention to factors such as dental convexities and contours, re‑establishment of function, and esthetics. Smile design should always be a multifactorial decision-making process that allows the clinician to treat patients with an individualized and interdisciplinary approach.
Complete Edentulism of Dental Patients in Northeastern Turkey: Prevalence and Radiographic Findings on Panoramic Radiographs Prevalence and Radiographic Findings on Panoramic Radiographs
Authors:   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey, Sadik Elif , Gökmenoğlu Ceren ,   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey, Kara Cankat ,   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
Published: March 2021

The prevalence of complete edentulism varies from country to country and from one region to another. Previous studies have reported the high prevalence of significant radiographic findings in edentulous patients. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of complete edentulism retrospectively and to evaluate the frequency and location of significant radiographic findings on panoramic radiographs in edentulous jaws of dental patients in northeastern Turkey. Methods: The digital panoramic images of all ≥35 year-old patients admitted to our faculty from January 2014 to August 2015 were evaluated. The prevalence of complete edentulism was determined among 8314 panoramic images retrospectively. Radiographic findings identified as impacted teeth, retained roots, radiopaque, and radiolucent areas detected in panoramic radiographs of completely edentulous patients (CEP) were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and cross-tabs. Chi-square test was employed to evaluate the statistical significance of the results at 0.05 levels. Results: A total of 8314 panoramic images were examined, and 508 (6.11%) CEP were defined. The prevalence of edentulism was higher (24.85%) among the patients older than 64 years old. A total of 206 radiographic findings were detected on panoramic images of CEP. The prevalence values of retained roots, impacted teeth, radiopacities, and radiolucencies were 18.9%, 7.09%, 2.76%, and 1.57%, respectively. Conclusions: Given the high frequency of significant radiographic findings, the radiographic examination of CEP should be performed with consideration of the cumulative effects of radiation.
Türkiye’de Yerel Seçimler için Adaylık Mücadelelerinde Parti Değiştirme Olgusu: Niceliksel ve Niteliksel Çözümlemeyi Bir Araya Getirmek
Authors: Baykan Toygar Sinan , Kocaaga Osman
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de ilçe belediye başkanlığı seçimlerinde gerçekleşen parti değiştirme olgusuna odaklanmaktadır. Makale, yerel siyasette parti değiştirme olgusunu 2009, 2014 ve 2019 yerel seçimleri bağlamında niceliksel ve niteliksel yöntemler kullanarak incelemektedir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle niceliksel verilere dayanarak yerel siyasette parti değiştirme olgusunun oldukça yaygın görüldüğü ortaya konulmaktadır. Niceliksel verilerin daha yakından incelenmesinin ise işaret ettiği iki temel örüntü mevcuttur. Bunlardan ilki ilçe belediye başkanlığı seçimlerinde parti değiştirerek başarılı olan adayların çoğunlukla sistemin egemen partisi olan AKP’ye yönelmiş olmalarıdır. Türkiye’de yerel siyasette parti değiştirme davranışının ikinci temel örüntüsü ise seçimlere mevcut belediye başkanı olarak giren parti değiştiren adayların önemli avantajlara sahip olmalarıdır. Ancak bu genel örüntülerden sapan vakalar da mevcuttur. Bu sapmaların çoğunlukla yüz yüze ilişkilerin yaygın ve siyasetin kişisel etkilere daha açık olduğu az nüfuslu yerel bağlamlarda ortaya çıkma olasılığı hayli yüksektir. Bu vakalara daha yakından niteliksel bir bakış yerel seçimlerde parti değiştirme olgusunun doğurduğu sonuçların anlaşılabilmesi için yalnızca yerel ve ulusal siyasal alanın ve yerel siyasal seçkinlerin kişisel sermaye bileşimlerinin yarattığı nesnel sınırların değil yerel siyasal seçkinlerin yerel seçim mücadelelerindeki öznel performanslarının ve pratiklerinin de kavranması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmada niteliksel ve niceliksel çözümlemenin yanı sıra Bourdieu sosyolojisinin kavramlarını karşılaştırmalı siyaset ve parti siyaseti literatürünün kavramsal araçlarıyla da kaynaştıran bir perspektif benimsenmiştir. Yine de, bu makalede, Türkiye siyasetinin personalistik yönünü yerel düzeyde de teyit eden yaygın parti değiştirme olgusunun çok özel bir şekilde gerçekleştiği de belirtilmektedir. Parti değiştiren adaylar, şahsi kapasitelerinin çok yüksek olduğu koşullarda dahi hukuksal, lojistik ve stratejik nedenlerle, bağımsız adaylıktan çok daha fazla parti adaylığını tercih etmektedirler. Bu durum, parti sisteminin birçok sorununa rağmen, Türkiye siyasetinde partilerin devam eden merkezi rolünü ve ağırlığını teyit etmektedir.
Kültürel Farklılıklar Açısından Güç ve Hoşgörü Hatası: Değerler ve Normlar Çerçevesinde Kavramsal Bir Çalışma
Authors: Baltacı Adem
Published: March 2021

Performans değerlendirme çalışanlar hakkındaki yönetimsel ve gelişimsel kararların temelini oluşturan ve örgütlerin etkinlik ve verimliliğini etkileyen en önemli uygulamalardan biridir. Ancak değerlendirme yargısal bir süreç olduğu için hatalar kaçınılmazdır. Örgütlerin sürdürülebilir rekabetçilikleri açısından değerlendiricilerin hataya düşme eğilimlerini etkileyen faktörlerin neler olduğunun tespit edilerek hatanın kaynağının ortaya konulması gerekmektedir. Değişen iş dünyasının bir gerçeği olarak işgücü çeşitliliğinin günden güne artması ile birlikte çalışanların davranışlarının nedenselliğini açıklamada “kültür” temel bir değişken olarak öne çıkmıştır. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada hoşgörü hatası kültürel farklılıklar çerçevesinde karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Değerlendiricilerin örgütsel hiyerarşinin farklı kademelerinde yer almalarının ortaya çıkarmış olduğu farklı güç düzeyleri nedeniyle “güç” kavramı da araştırmanın diğer bir temel değişkeni olarak incelenmiştir. Diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak bu çalışmada davranışı şekillendiren kültürel farklılıklar değer yaklaşımının yanı sıra normlar bağlamında da ele alınmıştır. Diğer bir ifade ile hoşgörü hatası ve değerlendiriciler arası güç düzeyi farklılıkları ve bunlar arasındaki ilişkiler, kültür temelinde değerler ve normlar perspektifinden kavramsal olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda hoşgörü hatasına düşme eğiliminin kültürel özelliklere, değer ve normlara göre değişkenlik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda değerlendiricilerin sahip oldukları güç düzeyine göre hoşgörü hatasına düşme eğilimlerinin de farklılık gösterdiği ortaya konulmuştur. Son olarak farklı kültürel değerlere ve normlara sahip değerlendiricilerin güç düzeyi farklılıklarının hoşgörü hatasına düşme eğilimlerini etkilediği bulunmuştur.
Intra-household gender relations and women participation in non-industrial private forestry in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania
Authors: Nsenga J.V. , Mwaseba D.L.
Published: March 2021

This paper draws on a study conducted in the selected districts of Iringa and Njombe regions in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania where over the past decade Non-industrial Private Forestry (NIPF) has emerged involving village-based domestic investors. Data for the study were largely
collected using focus group discussions (FGDs) of men and women tree growers. Data were analysed using content analysis focusing on the emerging themes, subthemes, and patterns. The paper shows that gender division of labour characterizes silvicultural practices in private forestry. Men play
a key and dominant role in decision making on the allocation of labour and marketing of timber. We argue that, given this arrangement, as long as men continue to dominate the market sphere, mere ownership of woodlots by women is not a feasible pathway to having control over income obtained
from the sales of timber from their woodlots. To address this, the paper comes up with some recommendations.
Learner emotions, autonomy and trait emotional intelligence in ‘in-person’ versus emergency remote English foreign language teaching in Europe
Authors: Resnik Pia , Dewaele Jean-Marc
Published: March 2021

Due to the spread of Covid-19, universities had to move their courses online abruptly. This paper explores its impact on 510 European tertiary-level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ classroom emotions and analyses possible links to their trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and learner autonomy. Statistical analyses of data gathered with a web survey revealed that students rated their ‘in-person’ classes as significantly more enjoyable and also more anxiety-provoking. Overall, levels of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) were positively correlated between both contexts. The moderate negative correlation between FLE and FLCA in ‘in-person’ classes disappeared in emergency remotely taught classes. TEI and learner autonomy were positively correlated, and both were positively linked to FLE and negatively to FLCA in both contexts. This means that more autonomous, emotionally intelligent students tend to be able to enjoy the FL class more – even more so under particularly challenging circumstances. Overall, it seems that learners not being physically present in classrooms weakens all emotions, and breaks the relationship between them. One possible explanation is that disembodied classes have less emotional resonance.
Endoclitics in Andi
Authors: Maisak Timur
Published: March 2021

The paper provides evidence for the existence of endoclitics in Andi, a Nakh-Daghestanian language of the Avar-Andic branch spoken in the Republic of Daghestan, Russia. In Andi, the additive marker (‘also’) and the intensifying marker (‘even, at all’) behave as enclitics on various types of hosts and as endoclitics when they occur on negative verb forms. In the latter case, the additive and intensifying markers break up the word form and appear before the negation marker. I argue that both the additive and the intensifier are clitics, especially in view of their highly promiscuous attachment. I also show that negative verb forms are morphologically synthetic, so the additive and the intensifier are genuine endoclitics, i.e. clitics that occur inside morphological words. In addition I provide a few parallels for the unusual morphosyntactic behaviour of additive and intensifying clitics in some other Nakh-Daghestanian languages as well as in some languages of Northern Eurasia. Although in these cases the corresponding markers do not qualify as endoclitics proper, the available data hint at a cross-linguistic tendency towards word-internal placement of morphemes with meanings like ‘also’, ‘even’ or ‘only’.
Is there really an aspectual se in Spanish?
Authors: de Benito Moreno Carlota
Published: March 2021

The goal of this paper is to revisit the so-called aspectual se, frequently cited over the last three decades as a new function of reflexive pronouns in Spanish and other languages, which refers to facultative uses of the reflexive pronoun where it has no effect on the valency or diathesis of the verb. I will focus on four empirical problems that such accounts face when dealing with corpus data: the requirement of a delimited object for transitive verbs, the semantic implications of the aspectual function of the reflexive pronoun, the unacceptability of the reflexive pronoun with some predicates, and the fact that these accounts have ignored a number of predicates that also take this facultative reflexive pronoun. I argue that a larger sample of both contexts and verbs, obtained by exhaustively analyzing corpus data, is necessary to improve our understanding of these uses.
Funny and meaningful: media messages that are humorous and moving provide optimal consolation in corona times
Authors: Strick Madelijn
Published: March 2021

During the first months of the corona crisis, people worldwide produced and shared thousands of uplifting (e.g., humorous, moving) media messages. The six studies reported here empirically tested the consolatory effects of viewing such positive media messages in the US, The Netherlands, and the UK. I compared the impact of humorous and moving (i.e., touching, heartwarming) messages, as they provide different kinds of well-being: hedonic versus eudaimonic. Studies 1–3 had correlational designs. Largely in line with the hedonic versus eudaimonic well-being framework, the results suggested that humorous messages lift people’s spirits by providing pleasure, while moving messages lift people’s spirits by providing realism, optimism, and by illustrating core human values. Studies 4–6 used a pre- and post-measure of negative and positive emotions. The results showed that viewing non-moving humorous messages significantly reduced negative emotions but did not increase positive emotions. Viewing non-humorous moving messages reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions in the US and UK, but not in The Netherlands. Finally, viewing messages that are both humorous and moving reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions in all samples, implying they are particularly valuable as mood-enhancers during crises. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Development of activated carbon from sawdust by pyrolysis and methylene blue adsorption
Authors: Jock Alexander Asanja , Joel Atuman Samaila , Olubajo Olu Olumide , Zang Charity Uren , Ayuba Magdelene Sazeya , Wakili Philip Thomas
Published: March 2021

In this study, activated carbon was developed from saw-dust by pyrolysis. The activated carbon was characterized for elemental composition, morphology and surface chemistry. The potential of the prepared activated carbon for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic of MB onto saw-dust activated carbon. The MB removal efficiency was 99.2% and the Lamgmuir isothermal model having correlation coefficient (R
2) of 0.98 gave the best fit. The kinetics of MB adsorption onto activated carbon was described with the pseudo second order model indicates the dominance of chemisorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of MB on saw dust activated carbon adsorbent was endothermic in nature and a non-spontaneous process. The activation energy of 34.7 kJ/mol further reveals that the adsorption process was chemisorption. Generally, the results suggest that the saw-dust activated carbon is a viable adsorbent for effective removal of MB from wastewater effluent contaminated with dye.
Entropy Optimization in Nonlinear Mixed Convective Flow of Nanomaterials Through Porous Space
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Ullah Ikram , Alsaedi Ahmad , Momani Shaher
Published: March 2021

Our intention in this article is to investigate entropy optimization in nonlinear mixed convective unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of nanomaterials in porous space. An exponentially stretched sheet creates the liquid flow. Nanomaterial is considered electrically conducting. The concentration and energy expressions comprise viscous dissipation, Joule heating, thermophoresis and Brownian motion aspects. Arrhenius activation energy is considered. Computation of entropy generation based upon the second law of thermodynamics is made. Nonlinear partial expressions are obtained via suitable dimensionless variables. Resultant expressions are tackled by the OHAM technique. Features of numerous variables on entropy, temperature, velocity and concentration are graphically visualized. Skin friction and the temperature gradient at the surface are also elaborated. Comparative analysis is deliberated in tabulated form to validate the previously published outcomes. Velocity is reduced significantly via the suction parameter. The entropy rate increases for higher values of Brinkman, Biot and Hartmann numbers.
Deoxyribonuclease activity negative correlates with extracellular DNA in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies in the third trimester
Authors: Vlková Barbora , Janovičová Ľubica , Pšenková Petra , Melníková Lívia , Balažovjechová Barbora , Záhumenský Jozef , Celec Peter
Published: March 2021

Objectives

It is not clear, which factors affect extracellular DNA (ecDNA) concentrations in healthy women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies, although deoxyribonucleases (DNases) are hypothesized to be responsible for the cleavage of plasma ecDNA. The aim of this study was to analyze potential determinants of total ecDNA including plasma DNase activity.

Methods

Plasma samples were collected from 48 healthy women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies in the third trimester (gestation week 37). DNA was isolated and quantified using fluorometry and real time PCR. DNase activity was assessed using the single radial enzyme-diffusion method.

Results

Neither ecDNA, nor DNase activity were affected by maternal age or BMI. DNase activity negatively correlated with total plasma ecDNA (r=−0.40, p=0.007). Similar associations were found for ecDNA of nuclear and mitochondrial origin, but not with fetal DNA quantified using Y-targeted PCR in male fetus-bearing pregnancies.

Conclusions

The role of plasma ecDNA of fetal and maternal origin is studied in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-complications. The results indicate that plasma DNase activity could negatively regulate ecDNA concentrations and should, thus, be analyzed in preeclampsia, preterm birth and other ecDNA-related pregnancy complications.
We in Me or Me in We? Collective Intentionality and Selfhood
Authors: Zahavi Dan
Published: March 2021

The article takes issue with the proposal that dominant accounts of collective intentionality suffer from an individualist bias and that one should instead reverse the order of explanation and give primacy to the we and the community. It discusses different versions of thecommunity firstview and argues that they fail because they operate with too simplistic a conception of what it means to be a self and misunderstand what it means to be (part of) a we. In presenting this argument, the article seeks to demonstrate that a thorough investigation of collective intentionality has to address the status and nature of the we, and that doing so will require an analysis of the relation between the we and the I, which in turn will call for a more explicit engagement with the question of selfhood than is customary in contemporary discussions of collective intentionality.
Seasonal patterns in habitat use by the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) and other small mammals
Authors: Occhiuto Francesca , Mohallal Eman , Gilfillan Geoffrey D. , Lowe Andrew , Reader Tom
Published: March 2021

The ecology of the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) is poorly understood, partly because it is a difficult species to monitor. It is commonly associated with reedbeds, where evidence suggests that it experiences strong seasonal fluctuations in abundance. However, it is unknown whether these fluctuations are caused by real changes in population size, or by movement between habitats. This study investigated seasonal changes in population size and habitat use by harvest mice, and other small mammal species, by trapping the reedbed and three associated habitat types: woodland, pasture and arable land. A sampling effort of 9887 trap bouts across nine months, resulted in 70 captures of harvest mice, as well as wood mice (N = 1022), bank voles (N = 252), field voles (N = 9), common shrews (N = 86) and pygmy shrews (N = 7). The reedbed was the habitat with the most captures and highest diversity. Harvest mice were caught exclusively in the reedbed at the beginning of autumn. Wood mice and bank voles experienced fluctuations in population numbers and wood mice also showed seasonal variation in habitat use. Our study supports the idea that harvest mice undergo extreme seasonal fluctuations in abundance in reedbeds, but these do not appear to be related to changes in habitat use.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-methanolato-κ2
O:O)-(μ2-1-((2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole-κ2N:N′)-(thiocyanato-κ1
N)copper(II)] 0.25 hydrate, C17H16CuN6OS ⋅ 0.5H2O
Authors: Zhang Ya-Wen , Wang Xin-Ling , Yang Jing , Wang Xia , Yuan Xian-Xian , Lv Xin-Ya
Published: March 2021

C17H16CuN6OS ⋅ 0.5H2O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.3523(4) Å, b = 18.2609(9) Å, c = 9.9688(4) Å, β = 103.918(4)°, Z = 4, V = 1829.21(13) Å3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0409, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1099, T = 291(2) K.
Crystal structure of 1,4-bis(4-bromobenzyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile, C26H19Br2ClN2
Authors: Shao Han-Qiao , Wang Yin-Xin , Sun Hai-Yang , Wang Yu-Cai , Sun Wu-Ji
Published: March 2021

C26H19Br2ClN2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.4830(12) Å, b = 10.2313(12) Å, c = 13.5948(18) Å, α = 111.234(2)°, β = 98.025(2)°, γ = 101.707(2)°, V = 1170.6(3) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0444, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1273, T = 296 K.
Determination of drying kinetics, specific energy consumption, shrinkage, and colour properties of pomegranate arils submitted to microwave and convective drying
Authors: Kaveh Mohammad , Golpour Iman , Gonçalves João Carlos , Ghafouri Sara , Guiné Raquel
Published: March 2021

In this study, the drying kinetics, effective moisture diffusivity (D
eff), specific energy consumption (SEC), colour, and shrinkage (S
b) of pomegranate arils were compared when dried by convective (CV) drying and microwave (MW) drying. The experiments were performed at air temperature of 50, 60, and 70°C and air velocity of 1 m/s for CV drying and 270, 450, and 630 W for MW drying. The results showed that increasing air temperature and MW power increased the D
eff. The calculations demonstrated that the maximum D
eff for pomegranate arils was obtained for MW drying (630 W). Maximum SEC for pomegranate arils in the CV dryer was 145.12 kWh/kg, whereas in the MW dryer was 35.42 kWh/kg. In MW dryer, the lowest values of colour change and shrinkage were 6.77 and 50.5%, respectively. Comprehensive comparison of the different drying methods (MW and CV) revealed that MW drying had best drying performance for pomegranate arils, considering the drying time, effective moisture diffusion, SEC, colour, and shrinkage.
Liquation Cracking in a Row 1 Turbine Vane
Authors: Neidel A. , Gädicke T. , Riesenbeck S.
Published: March 2021

A first-stage turbine vane was received in the laboratory directly from fabrication, prior to its use in engine service. The part had not yet been covered with its customary coating system that protects these parts against hot corrosion. A first visual inspection revealed multiple cracks on the airfoil’s hot gas path side, fairly centered in the part. After cutting the part open, it soon became apparent that the cracking was even more severe inside, suggesting crack initiation from that cooled side. Fractography allowed to determine liquation cracking as the metallurgical failure mechanism. Since the part was received immediately after pre-heat before plasma coating, that process step was concluded to have caused the cracking.
Environmental and occupational exposure to metals (manganese, mercury, iron) and Parkinson’s disease in low and middle-income countries: a narrative review
Authors: Gonzalez-Alvarez Maria Ana , Hernandez-Bonilla David , Plascencia-Alvarez Noel Isaias , Riojas-Rodriguez Horacio , Rosselli Diego
Published: March 2021

Objectives

We designed and conducted a narrative review consistent with the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018099498) to evaluate the association between environmental metals (manganese, mercury, iron) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) in low and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Methods

Data sources: A total of 19 databases were screened, and 2,048 references were gathered. Study selection: Randomized controlled trials, cluster trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, nested case-control studies, ecological studies, cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports carried out in human adults of LMIC, in which the association between at least one of these three metals and the primary outcome were reported. Data extraction: We extracted qualitative and quantitative data. The primary outcome was PD cases, defined by clinical criteria. A qualitative analysis was conducted.

Results

Fourteen observational studies fulfilled the selection criteria. Considerable variation was observed between these studies’ methodologies for the measurement of metal exposure and outcome assessment. A fraction of studies suggested an association between the exposure and primary outcome; nevertheless, these findings should be weighted and appraised on the studies’ design and its implementation limitations, flaws, and implications.

Conclusions

Further research is required to confirm a potential risk of metal exposure and its relationship to PD. To our awareness, this is the first attempt to evaluate the association between environmental and occupational exposure to metals and PD in LMIC settings using the social determinants of health as a framework.
Omnipresent meaning-interdependence and ubiquitous analyticity
Authors: Kawczyński Filip
Published: March 2021

In this paper I investigate the nature of the relation between meaning-interdependence and analyticity. The theory within which meaning-interdependence reaches its peak and becomes omnipresent is meaning holism, according to which every two expressions are meaning-interdependent. A lot of people reject holism partially due to the impression that the theory leads to the picture in which language is self-sufficient in the sense that it is nothing but a game of meanings which is detached from reality. What stands behind that impression is probably something along the lines: analyticity stems from meaning-interdependence, so if all expressions are meaning-interdependent, then everything appears analytic. I defend holism from this kind of objection. I start with showing that analyticity traditionally understood cannot pour over language within holism, because it is not applicable to the theory at all. Then, I argue that adopting some weaker notion of analyticity leads to the ubiquity of analyticity indeed, but analyticity so understood is too weak to actually endanger holism. Finally, I demonstrate that the problems with analyticity appear only when meaning-interdependence is treated in extremely superficial way. I also propose a very simple hierarchy of meaning-interdependence, based on Pagin’s total-pair holism, which immediately repeal the ‘ubiquitous analyticity’ problem.
Frontloading-Ansatz für Energieeffizienz in der Umformtechnik
Authors: Kluy Lukas , Becker Marco , Wächter Andreas , Groche Peter
Published: March 2021

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Frontloading-Ansatz zur Steigerung der Energieeffizenz in der umformtechnischen Prozessentwicklung methodisch und praktisch aufgezeigt. Besonders die frühen Phasen gehen mit hohen Freiheitsgraden in der Gestaltung einher und bieten deshalb Kostenvorteile bei der Umsetzung von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen. Anhand zweier Umformverfahren wird eine Reduzierung des Gesamtenergieaufwands bei gleichbleibender Produktivität erzielt.**)
Entscheidungshilfe für IT-Sicherheitsinvestitionen
Authors: Heutmann Timo , Zhou Beiyan , Kiesel Raphael , Schmitt Robert H.
Published: March 2021

Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) zögern oftmals, ihre Produktion zu digitalisieren und zu vernetzten. Durch die Vernetzung entstehen Angriffspunkten und Sicherheitslücken. Haupthindernis erfolgreicher Digitalisierung und Vernetzung ist daher insbesondere die IT-Sicherheit, die für viele KMU primär eine Investition, als einen Nutzen darstellt. Demenentsprechend ist eine Entscheidungshilfe notwendig, die es produzierenden Unternehmen ermöglicht, Investitionen in die IT-Sicherheit zu ermitteln und zu priorisieren. Die Anforderungen für dieses Werkzeug werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.**)
Investigations on Magnetic and Corrosive Characteristics of Thin Cold-Rolled Nonoriented Electrical Steel Sheets Post Gas Tungsten Arc and Laser Welding
Authors: Dharmik Bhushan Y. , Lautre Nitin Kumar
Published: March 2021

Thin sheets (0.5 × 10−3 m) of cold-rolled nonoriented (CRNO) electrical steel are widely used for rotating electrical machines. Gas tungsten arc (GTA) and, recently, laser welding are used for welding M-43 grade CRNO steel. The performance of CRNO is thus explored because of changes in low-carbon, high-silicon content and thin insulation coatings post welding. The welding current for GTA varied from 30 to 110 A, whereas a laser of 800 W was used to estimate the heat affected zone (HAZ), fusion zone (FZ), and weld characteristic ratio. Ferritic phases with polygonal grain size, percent silicon content, magnetic losses, and welded corrosive samples corrosion rate (in mils penetration per year) are compared with the base material (average grain size 55 ± 12 μm). Five different corrodent (NaCl, NaOH, HCl, H2O, H2CO3) environments were created for 2,000 h as per ASTM B895-16(2020)e1, Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel Powder Metallurgy (PM) Parts/Specimens by Immersion in a Sodium Chloride Solution, and ASTM G31-72(1999), Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals standards. The GTA weld samples revealed much-increased weld geometry with welding current, and a significant increase in grain sizes up to 189.2 ± 4 μm for GTA and 187 ± 3 μm for the laser sample near the weld zone is observed. Microhardness variation is found to be in the range of 55 HV for GTA and 51 HV for laser samples in the FZ region with reference to the base metal hardness of 227 HV. In addition, the increase in core loss of 58.72 % for GTA and 39.82 % for laser samples with reference to nonwelded samples is observed.
High Strain Rate Behavior of GTM-900 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Thammaiah B. R. , Fernando Chandru D. , Majila Anuradha Nayak , Anilchandra A. R. , Nandana M. S. , Bhat Udaya K. , Manjunatha C. M.
Published: March 2021

GTM-900 is an α + β alloy of titanium used in low-pressure (LP) compressor blades of gas turbine (GT) engines. The maximum allowable operating temperature of this alloy is 500°C. Silicon is added to enhance the creep resistance at elevated temperatures. The aim of this work is to establish the microstructural stability of this alloy and determine the high strain rate Johnson-Cook (J-C) material parameters such as A, B, and n. The material parameters are subsequently used by designers to simulate the “blade-off” and “casing containment” capability of the LP compressor blade. Split Hopkinson tensile bar was used to conduct high strain rate tests at about 2,000 s−1, and at three different temperatures, viz., 25°C, 300°C, and 500°C, to simulate critical conditions. Data obtained from these testing were used to construct a J-C model. Flow stress increased with an increase in strain rate and decreased with an increase in temperature because of thermal softening. Characterization, using optical and electron microscopes, indicated that the microstructure was stable even after the deformation at 500°C. The presence of needle-like silicide phase was observed under transmission electron microscopy and the composition was verified with X-ray diffraction results. A high strain hardening rate was observed even at elevated temperatures in this alloy (n ≈ 0.54 at 2,000 s−1 and 500°C) compared to Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy (n ≈ 0.28). Considering good strength and microstructural stability up to 500°C, the present material offers to be an attractive alternate to other contemporary titanium alloys currently used in GT engine applications.
Hannes Hofbauer (2017): Feindbild Russland. Geschichte einer Dämonisierung
Authors: Jaitner Felix
Published: March 2021

n/a
FEZ1 Forms Complexes with CRMP1 and DCC to Regulate Axon and Dendrite Development
Authors: Chua Jie Yin , Ng Shi Jun , Yagensky Oleksandr , Wanker Erich E. , Chua John Jia En
Published: March 2021

Elaboration of neuronal processes is an early step in neuronal development. Guidance cues must work closely with intracellular trafficking pathways to direct expanding axons and dendrites to their target neurons during the formation of neuronal networks. However, how such coordination is achieved remains incompletely understood. Here, we characterize an interaction between fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 (FEZ1), an adapter involved in synaptic protein transport, and collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP)1, a protein that functions in growth cone guidance, at neuronal growth cones. We show that similar to CRMP1 loss-of-function mutants, FEZ1 deficiency in rat hippocampal neurons causes growth cone collapse and impairs axonal development. Strikingly, FEZ1-deficient neurons also exhibited a reduction in dendritic complexity stronger than that observed in CRMP1-deficient neurons, suggesting that the former could partake in additional developmental signaling pathways. Supporting this, FEZ1 colocalizes with VAMP2 in developing hippocampal neurons and forms a separate complex with deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and Syntaxin-1 (Stx1), components of the Netrin-1 signaling pathway that are also involved in regulating axon and dendrite development. Significantly, developing axons and dendrites of FEZ1-deficient neurons fail to respond to Netrin-1 or Netrin-1 and Sema3A treatment, respectively. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of FEZ1 as a common effector to integrate guidance signaling pathways with intracellular trafficking to mediate axo-dendrite development during neuronal network formation.
The Endurance and Evolution of Afghan Customary Governance
Authors: Murtazashvili Jennifer Brick
Published: March 2021

The two-decade effort by the United States and its NATO allies to build a modern liberal state in Afghanistan envisioned electoral democracy replacing village councils and other forms of customary authority. But citizens still rely on these community-based bodies to resolve disputes, provide small-scale public goods and services, and broker relations with local government. Customary institutions may also provide protection against predatory government officials. Although the international community has largely overlooked customary authority, US and NATO military forces eventually recognized their importance. Throughout history, Afghan rulers have regarded customary authorities as threats to their power, and they have been largely excluded from ongoing peace talks among the United States, the Afghan government, and the Taliban.
Fiksacija dušika
Authors: Raos Nenad
Published: March 2021

Tehnološki postupci fiksacije dušika, dobivanja dušične kiseline (Birkeland-Eydeov) i amonijaka (Haber-Boschov) iz zraka primjeri su na kojima se može naučiti ne samo o važnosti kemije u svakodnevnom životu i njezinu utjecaju na svjetsko gospodarstvo i svjetsku povijest nego mogu poslužiti i za upoznavanje učenika s kemijskom kinetikom i termodinamikom. U oba postupka uspjeh (iskoristivost) ovisi o uspostavljanju ravnoteže pri najboljim uvjetima te ubrzavanju i usporavanju reakcija. U Birkeland-Eydeovom postupku to se postiže promjenom temperature, a u Haber-Boschovom dobrim izborom temperature, tlaka i katalizatora.