bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-derived Clinical Decision Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Glands in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Yeh Randy , Kuo Jennifer H. , Huang Bernice , Lee James A. , Tay Yu-Kwang Donovan , Tabacco Gaia , Bilezikian John P. , Dercle Laurent
Published: January 2023

Purpose
In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), planning for parathyroid surgery currently relies on the synthesis of clinical, laboratory, and imaging data by the clinician. Machine learning may assist in analyzing and integrating data to facilitate surgical decision making. To train and validate a Machine Learning-derived Clinical Decision Algorithm (MLCDA) for the diagnosis of abnormal hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands using preoperative variables.
Methods
Four hundred and fifty-eight consecutive patients were evaluated from a single-institution retrospective dataset of PHPT patients who underwent combined 4D-CT and sestamibi SPECT/CT (MIBI) with subsequent parathyroidectomy from February 2013 to September 2016. Study cohort was divided into training (first 400 patients) and validation sets (remaining 58 patients). Sixteen preoperative clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables were evaluated. A random forest algorithm was programmed to select the best predictor variables and output a single clinical decision algorithm with the highest performance (MLCDA). The MLCDA was trained to predict the probability of a hyperfunctioning vs. normal gland for each of four parathyroid glands in a patient. Reference standard was 4-quadrant location on operative reports and pathological confirmation of adenoma or hyperplasia. Accuracy of MLCDA was prospectively validated.
Results
Of 16 variables, the algorithm selected 3 variables for optimal prediction: combined 4D-CT and MIBI using 1) sensitive reading and 2) specific reading, and 3) crossproduct of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, and outputted a MLCDA using five probability categories for hyperfunctioning glands. The MLCDA demonstrated excellent accuracy for correct classification in the training set (4D-CT + MIBI: 0.91 [95%CI 0.89–0.92]), and in the validation set (4D-CT + MIBI: 0.90 [95%CI 0.86–0.94], 4D-CT: 0.88 [95%CI 0.84–0.92], and MIBI: 0.88 [95%CI 0.84–0.92]).
Conclusion
Machine learning generated a clinical decision algorithm that accurately diagnosed hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland through classification into probability categories, which can be implemented for improved preoperative planning and convey diagnostic certainty.
Geotechnology Applied to Confronting Land Use and Occupation in Permanent Preservation Areas
Authors: Mardeni Vinícius Duarte Nader , Moreira Taís Rizzo , de Souza Kaíse Barbosa , Carvalho Rita de Cássia Freire , Guanaes Gabriel Madeira da Silva , Santos Alexandre Rosa dos , Santos João Victor
Published: January 2023

One of the most worrying issues concerns land use and occupation conflicts within permanent preservation areas. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the evolution of land use and occupation as well as permanent preservation areas (PPAs) in Jucu River hydrographic basin (JRHB), located in Espírito Santo State - Brazil. The specific objectives were: (i) map land use and occupation in 2005 and 2018; (ii) analyze land use and occupation changes between both years; (iii) examine the contribution of each class to the total variation of classes with significant net variation; (iv) delimit PPAs for both years, in accordance with the new Brazilian forest code; and, (v) compare land use and occupation classes within each PPA. MapBiomas platform, which is based on Landsat satellite images, was used to map land use and occupation. Permanent Preservation Areas were delimited according to the criteria, definitions and parameters established by Law No. 12,651, from May 25, 2012, using ArcGIS® 10.3 computational application. From obtained results, it was possible to infer that over the analyzed period forest formation and pasture classes were the most expressive. Watercourses PPAs obtained greater participation in relation to the other categories in terms of area. However, once such category of PPA presents small amount of vegetated area, less than 50% of the corresponding area, a low degree of preservation is indicated. Concerning the confrontation of land use classes it is concluded that: Salt Flat class was extinct; part of forest formation evolved to planted forest; and, pasture presented the greatest loss of area. Forest formation, mosaic of agriculture, pasture and planted forest classes showed increase in area. It is concluded that there were specific areas of the watershed that showed a greater loss of area due to the increase in the implementation of silvicultural practices, being the area of pasture class the one that showed a greater index of variation.
Recurrent Dirichlet Forms and Optimalhardy-type Inequalities
Authors: Takeda Masayoshi , Yamaguchi Ryoji
Published: January 2023

Critical Schr¨odinger forms and recurrent Dirichlet forms are connected through Doob’s h-transform. The criticality of Schr¨odinger forms leadsus to critical Hardy-type inequalities. The objective of this paper is to showthat several well-known optimal Hardy-type inequalities are unifiedly derivedfrom the h-transform of recurrent Dirichlet forms and to give new examples.
Plasticity of blood and liver biomarkers in Physalaemus nattereri exposed to agricultural systems
Authors: Assis Rhayane Alves , Rezende Wadson Rodrigues , Santos Cirley Gomes Araújo dos , Benvindo-Souza Marcelino , Amorim Nathan Pereira Lima , Borges Rinneu Elias , Franco-Belussi Lilian , DeOliveira Classius , Santos Lia Raquel de Souza
Published: January 2023

Anurans are vulnerable to damage caused by the modification of habitats, as well as their contamination by xenobiotic substances. However, little is known of the plasticity of biomarkers once the exposure to these conditions has ceased. The present study evaluated whether Physalaemus nattereri is subject to erythrocytic nuclear alterations and modifications of the hepatic melanin in agricultural environments, and whether these impacts are reduced when the animal is isolated from this exposure. Twenty adult P. nattereri were collected from soybean (n = 10) and sugarcane (n = 10) plantations for the analysis of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities and the hepatic melanin. An additional 20 animals were taken from the same environments and were maintained in contaminant-free terrariums under controlled conditions in the laboratory for 30 days prior to the application of the same analytical procedures. The results indicated that the animals from agricultural environments had higher levels of mutagenic damage in comparison with the individuals that were isolated from exposure to contaminants in the laboratory. The analysis of the hepatic melanin revealed a smaller area occupied by the melanomacrophages in the animals exposed to both types of plantation. The evidence indicates that the biomarkers are highly plastic, and reflect the environmental conditions, given that the genotoxic alterations decrease once the exposure is interrupted. The reduced area of hepatic melanin in the animals exposed to agricultural environments may reflect the incapacitation of the melanomacrophages and the loss of their detoxification potential due to the continuous exposure of the animal to agricultural pollutants.
Exploration and Research of Meta-system Space Based on the Thought of Relative Criterion
Authors: Liu Jingang
Published: January 2023

In this paper, based on the thought of relative criterion, a space system of continuous quantities is created, which is a mathematical convergence system, called a meta-system. It is expounded that The meta-system consists of a binary star at the centre and a galaxy orbiting the binary star at the same angular velocity, and it is a relatively static cluster of dynamically balanced stars in the universe. Based on the mathematical model of the meta-system, this paper deduces the theoretical formula of the relatively meta-system space through the relative criterion formula of the meta-system theory, unifying the four forces acting on the planet. Based on the formula of the meta-system space theory of the relative criterion, four conclusions of the meta-system space are deduced, and it is found that each galaxy is affected by the central binary star of the meta-system. Based on the space of meta-system, the objective laws of the planets rotating around the sun in the same plane and direction are revealed. This paper also provides a new cognition for exploring and observing the central binary star around which the sun revolves.
Keywords: Relative criterion; Continuous quantity; Meta-system; Space.
Identification of potentional immunological biomarkers of COVID-19 by blood transcriptome analysis
Authors: Wang Jingyun , Chen Li , Su Xiaoling , Liao Daoyong , Yu Jianwei , Ye Zufeng , He Jun
Published: January 2023

Backgroud:The COVID-19 pandemic has swept the globe since 2019, threatening people's health. Many studies indicate that infection is closely related to immune response disorder. We searched for potential immune-related biomarkers through systems biological analysis, and performed immune infiltration analysis on relevant data.
Methods and findings: We used CIBERSORT to analyze the blood transcriptomics data of the controls, the mild COVID-19 patients, and the severe COVID-19 patients. And we further obtained the essential infiltration immune cells of COVID-19 by the Wilcoxon test and LASSO algorithm. Then we used a limma package to find significant DE-IRGs. The GO and pathways analysis of these important immune genes were also applied. Subsequently, we used STRING and Cytoscape to screen hub genes and evaluated their value as a potential biomarker according to their expression at different stages and the ROC curve. Moreover, the results were verified by high-throughput data. Finally, we formed a TFs-mRNA-miRNA regulatory network diagram. Through the analysis above, we obtained four important immune cells. And the immune-related gene chip of the blood samples was analyzed to figure out the 36 significant DE-IRGs. Based on the operations above, we confirmed six immune-related hub genes involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and analyzed their relationship with critical immune cells.
Conclusions:It was concluded that TLR2, CAMP, S100A9, BCL6, CD4, and IL7R could be used as potential biomarkers to provide corresponding value for the diagnosis and the prognosis of COVID-19.
Waterproof, self-adhesive and large-area patterned luminescent perovskite-polymer fiber films
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhang Zhen Yu , Sun Yan Ming , Wang Guo Ping
Published: January 2023

The stable underwater lighting and luminescent displays of metal halide perovskite are being achieved by the perovskite-polymer strategy through the shielding effects of hydrophobic polymer microstructures. However, the investigations of the large-area patterned displays with strong self-adhesions are still restricted. Here, we electrospinning large-area and homogeneous perovskite-polymer fiber films (PPFFs) as the raw plates for pattern processing. Under the microscopic cladding of the hydrophobic polymer fibers, the perovskite nanocrystals embedded in the as-fabricated PPFFs show ultra-stable underwater luminescence for more than 90 days. The fabric strategy also brings PPFFs excellent flexibilities and electrostatic self-adhesions, greatly broadening their stereo-dimensional application scenarios. Importantly, the designed large-area PPFF blocks are fabricated by in situ laser lithography technics instead of mechanical treatments, due to the heat ablation effects of lasers, the electrostatic adhesive layered fibers on the pattern edges are stitched into a whole with higher mechanical stability and better assembling applications. This work provides a facile, low-cost, and effective strategy for stable perovskite luminescent displays, and may promote the light-emitting applications of perovskite materials in the real harsh world.
On Hypersurfaces With Semisymmetric and Pseudosymmetric Weyl Tensor Embedded in a Conformally Flat Manifold
Authors: KUNDU HARADHAN , MANDAL JAY KANT , BAISHYA KANAK KANTI
Published: January 2023

In this paper we investigate some geometric properties of hypersurfaces embedded in a conformally flat manifold. We show that such hypersurfaces with certain conditions on its shape operator (viz., H 2 = λH + ρg with suitable choices of λ and ρ) admits semisymmetric and pseu-dosymmetric Weyl curvature tensors. We also establish the existence of such hypersurfaces by some suitable examples.
Cannabinoid receptor CB2 agonist attenuates cocaine-induced reinstatement of place preference in mice: Possible role for microglia immuno-metabolism
Authors: Abboussi Oualid , Khan Zmarak Ahmad , Ibork Hind , Zulu Simo S. , Daniels William , Taghzouti Khalid , Hales Tim G.
Published: January 2023

Chronic exposure to cocaine alters inflammatory signalling pathways in the brain, activates microglia and induces cognitive and motivational behavioural impairments. The endocannabinoid system may mediate cocaine’s effects. In the present study, we investigated the modulatory effects of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist JWH-133 on cocaine-induced inflammation and motivational behavioural changes in vivo, and the possible effects of fractalkine (CX3CL1) on primary microglia metabolic activity and its subsequent contribution to cocaine-induced neurotoxicity. Our findings show that the CB2-specific receptor agonist, JWH-133, significantly attenuated the reinstatement of cocaine-induced CPP, increased Δ-FOSB expression in the nucleus accumbens (Nac), increased CX3CL1 levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and decreased IL-1β in the PFC and NAc of cocaine treated animals. On the other hand, stimulation of the cortical primary microglial cells with CX3CL1 induced a biphasic effect. At a low concentration of 50 nM, CX3CL1 decreased mitochondrial oxidative metabolism vs glycolysis, and decreased the release of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, but did not affect TNFα. However, a dose of 100 nM of CX3CL1 increased mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, and both, IL-1β and TNFα release. These findings demonstrate that CB2 cannabinoid receptor modulation alters cocaine-induced reward-seeking behaviour and related neurobiological changes and highlights a potential role for CX3CL1 in the modulation of microglial metabolic and inflammatory-mediated activities.
Uniformly Positive or Negative Correlation of Cerebral Gray Matter Regions with Driving Safety Behaviors of Healthy Older Drivers
Authors: Park Kaechang , Putra Handityo Aulia , Yoshida Shinichi , Yamashita Fumio , Kawaguchi Atsushi
Published: January 2023

This study investigated the relationship between cerebral gray matter (GM) regions and driving safety behaviors (DSBs) of 98 older drivers without dementia (mean age, 77.72 ± 3.677 years). Their DSBs were evaluated on actual vehicles running on a closed-circuit course. The DSB was scored in six categories: DSB1, visual search behavior; DSB2, speeding; DSB3, signaling of the indicator; DSB4, vehicle stability; DSB5, positioning; and DSB6, steering. The scores were calculated by a driving instructor; larger scores indicated safer driving performances. Regional GM volumes were measured with voxel-based morphometry by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In 56 GM regions, 18 regions were correlated with DSB categories except for DSB4. When a single GM region was correlated with multiple DSB categories, a positive or negative response was uniformly determined for the respective region despite clear differences in the DSB categories. This result suggests the existence of two contradictory mechanisms in the brain for DSB. The left postcentral gyrus may largely function in regulating DSBs because it was negatively correlated with five of six DSB categories. Thus, MRI’s measurement of regional GM volumes may help deepen the understanding of the diversity and complexity inherent in brain functions for DSBs.
The gene expression fluctuations of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in drought-stressed-basil cultivars
Authors: Khakdan Fatemeh , Shirazi Zahra , Ranjbar Mojtaba
Published: January 2023

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), as one of the key enzymes in glycolytic pathway in higher plants, was identified as an important objective protein in oxidative stresses condition, which can undergo thiolation reaction in the active site. However, several genes encoding of cytosolic isoenzymes of GAPDH have been identified and characterized in some plants, to investigate the role of GAPDH under drought stress, cloning of full-length cDNA, and expression profile of Ocimum basilicum GAPDH (ObGAPDH) cDNA were investigated. The full-length ObGAPDH was 1315 bp long, its deduced protein consists of 399 aminoacids with a predicted molecular mass of 42.54 kDa and a pI of 6.01. Phylogenetic tree study exhibited a ObGAPDH shared evolutionary relationship with the protein sequence of ObGAPDH reported in Salvia splendens and Sesamum indicum. In silico identified oxidative function of ObGAPDH in response to stimuli and docking illustrated inaction of protein with H2O2 as ligand. Expression profiling analysis exhibited different transcription ratios of ObGAPDH gene under water shortage stress. Overall, our findings revealed that the ObGAPDH regulation appears to be a cultivar- and drought stress-dependent mechanism.
Role of positive biopsy core ratio in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Kano Hiroshi , Izumi Kouji , Nakagawa Ryunosuke , Toriumi Ren , Aoyama Shuhei , Kamijima Taiki , Shimada Takafumi , Naito Renato , Kadomoto Suguru , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Shohei , Nohara Takahiro , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Kadono Yoshifumi , Mizokami Atsushi
Published: January 2023

Background: The percentage of positive cores (PPC) is increasingly recognized as a prognostic factor in prostate cancer. However, the usefulness of PPC for patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and high-risk group has not been adequately studied.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 255 patients who underwent prostate biopsy (all-case group). We examined the efficacy of PPC as a prognostic biomarker.
Results: Eighty-nine patients were treated with ADT alone (ADT group), and 107 patients were classified as high-risk (high-risk group). The median duration of follow-up was 112.4 months, 85.3 months, and 110.0 months for the all-case group, ADT group, and high-risk group, respectively. Patients with PPC >60% had significantly shorter prostate cancer-specific survival (CSS) and castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival (CFS) in the all-case group and ADT group. In high-risk group, patients with PPC >60% had shorter CFS but no difference in CSS. Multivariate analysis showed that significant independent predictors of prostate CSS were the presence of metastasis at diagnosis and PPC >60% in the all-case group and ADT group.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PPC may be a prognostic factor in ADT treatment and high-risk patients.
Synovial Fluid Inflammatory Profiles did not Differ between Isolated Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Multi-ligament Knee Injuries
Authors: Jacobs Cale A. , Schenck Robert C. , Watson Leorrie A. , Conley Caitlin E. W. , Johnson Darren L. , Stone Austin V. , Lattermann Christian , Richter Dustin L.
Published: January 2023

Objective and design The purpose of this study was to compare synovial concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines between multiple-ligament knee injured (MLKI) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injured patients. Subjects 14 patients with MLKI and 10 patients with isolated ACL injury Methods Synovial fluid was aspirated from the operative knee at the time of surgery and the concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in the synovial fluid were determined. Structures injured, the time between injury and surgery, and demographic factors were collected. Linear regressions were used to determine the association between injury pattern and synovial inflammatory markers when controlling for age, BMI, and time between injury and surgery. Results When adjusting for group differences in age, BMI and the time between injury and surgery, no group differences were detected (interferon gamma (p = 0.11), interleukin-1beta (IL-1b, p = 0.35), IL-2 (p = 0.28), IL-4 (p = 0.64), IL-6 (p = 0.37), IL-8 (p = 0.54), IL-10 (p = 0.25), IL-12p70 (p = 0.81), IL-13 (p = 0.31), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p = 0.90)). Conclusion Synovial fluid inflammatory markers did not differ between MLKI and isolated ACL injuries. MLKIs have a greater prevalence of postoperative arthrofibrosis when compared to isolated ACL injuries; however, this may be due in part to factors other than the inflammatory status of the joint.
Fault-tolerance and Energy Efficient Multi-Hop Clustering with Dual Base Stations in Large Scale Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: RAJESHWARI K S , Devi K A Sumithra
Published: January 2023

Wireless sensor network (WSN) with the recent advancement in wireless technologies and numerous applications gaining its impact and market value. WSNs are the collection and connection of low-cost sensor nodes deployed over some monitoring areas where human monitoring is quite difficult. At the same time, the limitation of these low-cost sensor nodes has identified numerous issues and implementation challenges. In this paper a brief introduction to WSN and its market statistic and impact. Some of the major issues and challenges are identified and addressed in this paper. The main contribution of this research work is to design a fault tolerance in the network with multiple base stations. The multiple base station will work with the multi-hop cluster head based on the shortest distance in the WSNs.
Effect of the Arabin pessary and natural progesterone on the vaginal microbiome
Authors: Amorim-Filho Antonio G , Martins Roberta C R , Franco Lucas A M , Marinelli Juliana V C , Peres Stela V , Francisco Rossana P V , Carvalho Mário H B
Published: January 2023

Background
Preterm birth is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Regardless of its multifactorial nature, it has been demonstrated that vaginal infections, as well instability of the local microbiome, can play a role as risk factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible changes in vaginal microbiome composition due to the use of an Arabin pessary or vaginal progesterone tablets in pregnant women as secondary prevention of preterm birth.
Results
We did a prospective analysis of 44 pregnant women at risk of preterm birth for a short cervix (≤ 25 mm) observed on transvaginal ultrasound in the second trimester and randomly assigned to receive an Arabin pessary (PE, n = 22) or vaginal progesterone (PR, n = 22). Vaginal swabs were collected upon diagnosis of short cervix and 4 weeks after treatment initiation to determine the Nugent score and microbiome profiles. The observed microbiomes could be assigned to 3 Community-State Types (CSTs) and most of the samples were characterized by a low-diversity, lactobacilli-dominated microbiota composition that remained stable after the onset of treatment. No treatment-associated change in microbiome alpha diversity was observed in either PE or PR and beta diversity analyses showed no significant dissimilarity between study groups or sampling times. Also, by an analysis of composition (ANCOM) no taxa with differential abundance were demonstrated.
Conclusions
Pessary and progesterone treatment for a short cervix appear to be equivalent regarding stability of the vaginal microbiome and thus patients and practitioners should be reassured about the safety of these methods.
Usefulness of postsystolic shortening and early systolic lengthening to detect reduced myocardial viability and predict future cardiovascular events in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Yuan Wenyue , Zhou Yanxiang , Hu Bo , Li Mingqi , Chen Jinling , Guo Ruiqiang , Cao Sheng , Song Hongning
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Postsystolic shortening (PSS) and early systolic lengthening (ESL) which represent asynchrony in ischemic myocardium can provide prognostic information in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed to investigate the potential of PSS and ESL to detect reduced myocardial viability and investigate the comparative prognostic value of PSS and ESL in patients with STEMI after primary PCI.
Methods: We prospectively enrolled 198 patients with STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. All patients took a speckle tracking echocardiographic examination and myocardial contrast echocardiography a median of 3 days after the percutaneous coronary intervention. Early systolic strain index (ESI), postsystolic strain index (PSI) and myocardial perfusion score index (MPSI) were calculated. The end point was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of all-cause death, unstable angina, heart failure, non-fatal recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, and complex ventricular arrhythmia.
Results: Reduced myocardial viability was defined as MPSI >1. Patients with category of MPSI >1.5 increased signifcantly with increasing tertiles of PSI (1.5% vs 7.6% vs 31.8%, p <0.001) and ESI (3.0% vs 12.1% vs 25.8%, p <0.001), and the highest tertile of PSI remained significantly associated with a higher MPSI in adjusted logistic regression model (b=1.00, 95% CI, 0.25-1.75; p=0.010). Areas under the curve for PSI and ESI to determine a MPSI >1 was 0.745 and 0.704 in ROC analysis. During a median follow-up of 9.0 months (interquartile range [IQR], 6.0-12.0 months), 39 (19.7%) patients suffered MACE. PSI and ESI remained predictors of MACE in adjusted cox regression models. In ROC analysis, IDI and NRI of PSI were significantly higher compared to GLS while ESL didn’t.
Conclusion: In patients with STEMI after primary PCI, PSS and ESL provides diagnostic information on reduced myocardial viability and offers prognostic information oncardiovascular events. Additionally, PSS emerged as independent predictor of mid- and long-term MACE with superior prognostic validity compared to GLS and ESL.
mapspamc: An R package to create crop distribution maps for country studies using a downscaling approach
Authors: Dijk Michiel van , Wood-Sichra Ulrike , Ru Yating , Guo Zhe , You Liangzhi
Published: January 2023

Spatial information on the location of crops is key to inform agricultural policies, and are an important input for global and national land use change models. The global crop distribution maps produced with the Spatial Production Allocation Model (SPAM) are widely used by researchers, policy makers and business for this purpose. SPAM uses a downscaling approach to allocate national and subnational crop statistics to a 5 arc minutes grid, informed and constrained by spatial information on biophysical and socio-economic drivers. This study introduces the R mapspamc package that allows users to create crop distribution maps for single countries using the SPAM cross-entropy crop allocation algorithm as well as an alternative approach to create maps at higher spatial resolution. It presents a six-step approach and a detailed example for Malawi to illustrate how the package can be used and what type of outcomes can be produced.
Inflation, Foreign Exchange, Interest Rate, Trade Balance, Payment Balance on Growth In The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sinaga Anton Atno Parluhutan
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of inflation, foreign exchange rates, interest rates and trade balance on economic growth through an increase in the balance of payments. The research method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive research method using path analysis using AMOS 18. Variables of inflation, interest rates and the balance of trade affect economic growth through an increase in the balance of payments, where these three macroeconomic variables are capable of boosting economic growth, while the moderator variable for an increase in the balance of payments is the link and driver for the three variables such as inflation, interest rates and the trade balance did not contract against the increase in economic growth. The conclusion of this study is that partially inflation, interest rates and the trade balance have a significant effect on the economic growth variable and the moderator variable for increasing the balance of payments, while simultaneously the inflation variables, foreign exchange rates, interest rates and the trade balance has a significant effect on the variable of economic growth through the variable of increasing the balance of payments. Through the results of research that has been stated that the inflation variable, interest rates and trade balance affect economic growth through an increase in the balance of payments, where these three macroeconomic variables are things that are able to boost economic growth, while the moderator variable for an increase in the balance of payments is a link and a driving force for the three variables such as inflation, interest rates and the trade balance did not contract to the increase in economic growth.
A reappraisal of the Friedman-Kaldor debate in the light of the great recession
Authors: Reichart Alexandre
Published: January 2023

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of the exogenous and endogenous money supply theories, developed by Milton Friedman and Nicholas Kaldor in the 1960s-1970s. The main purpose of the research is to demonstrate that the influence of the monetarist exogenous money supply theory has become low and that the influence of the Post-Keynesian endogenous money supply theory has become strong during the last decades. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem indicates that Friedman’s metaphor has been deeply twisted from its original sense and is now interpreted as a fiscal policy rather than a monetary option; while hard-line monetarism never triumphed in central banks, Kaldor’s endogenous money supply theory has gained ground at the same time. Investigation of the topic in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: an analysis of the Friedman-Kaldor debate of 1969-1970; a demonstration of Friedman’s metaphor of the helicopter money was strong after this debate; a demonstration that Friedman’s metaphor was linked to fiscal policy rather than to monetary policy and is therefore a weak metaphor; a demonstration that Kaldor’s endogenous money supply theory gained ground within the main European central banks from the 1940s: in French, English and German monetary authorities. Methodological tools of the research methods were the primary sources of the main central banks ((Federal Reserve System, Bank of France, Bank of England, German Bundesbank, Committee of the Governors of the central banks of the European Economic Commission, Bank of International Settlements). The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that Nicholas Kaldor finally won the debate and that the Post-Keynesian framework is more efficient to understand the functioning of monetary policies, especially the monetary creation process. The results of the research can be useful for all researchers working on the monetary creation process and on monetary theories and policies.
Fulfilling Governor Albert Brewer’s vision: the public affairs research council of Alabama (PARCA)
Authors: Gentle Paul
Published: January 2023

This article examines the professional career of Governor Albert P. Brewer and the development of his vision for a public affairs research group, that exists to give objective facts about state and local governments. The research question of this article is if Albert Brewer’s goal was fulfilled. The careful planning and the quality reputation of the published research of Public Affairs Research Council of Alabama (PARCA) has fulfilled the goal that Brewer had in mind. A methodology in arriving at this conclusion can be found in investigating the published output and broad, favorable reception of that output. This article examines the major events in the career of Governor Albert Brewer. He was a state legislator, speaker of the house, lieutenant governor and governor of Alabama. Brewer had many accomplishments, including the creation of the Alabama Development Office (ADO), the Alabama Commission of Higher Education (ACHE), substantial increased funding for public schools, and an effort to produce a new state constitution. A goal of Brewer was to create the PARCA, as a source of objective data and other facts that all people could use. PARCA is a non-profit and non-partisan group. The goals of Brewer for PARCA have been met and the organization continues to flourish. Brewer is one of the most decent professionals to ever occupy the Alabama governor’s office. Brewer was governor and decided to pursue another term with the 1970 election. In his political campaigns he projected the goal of being inclusive as opposed to the strong desire of George Wallace to cause division between African American citizens and some other citizens. That is, Wallace pursued a campaign tactic of creating a racist environment, to get votes. That election is considered by historians to be one of the most racially charged elections. The result was that Brewer and Wallace were in a run-off, and Wallace won by less than 34,000 votes. Later, in 1972 Wallace survived an assassination attempt. Some people think that event changed him, as he did stop pursuing a racist ideology for the rest of his political career. In contrast, Brewer consistently pursued a more inclusive message in appealing to citizens to work together for progress. PARCA, a group championed by Brewer furthers that goal. To help policy makers, PARCA provides objective data, which people of all political views can refer to. Brewer’s goals of an organization that provides accurate information has been achieved.
The role of economic diplomacy in the promotion of non-hydrocarbon exports in Algeria
Authors: Oussama M. Habib Zahmani , Ibtissem Mrs Gadi
Published: January 2023

Several studies and statistics have indicated that non-hydrocarbon exports in Algeria represent a low rate of around 5% of total exports. This weakness means that the Algerian economy is fragile, which depends on the prices of hydrocarbons (oil, gas) which is unstable on the international market. Several factors are the cause of the situation of Algerian exports which remain difficult to identify. This ambiguity has led us to dig into the field of investigation to get closer to the reality of the reasons that justify this lack of diversity in exports. The main objective of our study is therefore to measure the performance of Algerian economic diplomacy in the promotion of non-hydrocarbon exports. We treated our subject of research by using a methodology with an exploratory design of qualitative order on a sample of Algerian exporting companies which have an experience of more than ten years in the field of exports established in the region of Oran- Algeria. To process the results of our research, we used the method of content analysis of the interviews we conducted with exporters. Our sample has identified important elements in contribution to other previous research on this subject which has dealt with the subject of exports in Algeria but which has not resulted in the role of economic diplomacy in the promotion of exports. the results that we have obtained from our empirical study can be generalized, they reveal a definition of the activity of non-hydrocarbon exports in Algeria and the role of Algerian economic diplomacy in the promotion and supervision of these exports then the shortcomings of economic diplomacy in the field of exports at the end of the results we recommended measures that must be implemented to have an effective economic diplomacy that can contribute to increasing and promoting diversified exports.
Eksplorasi Etnomatematika pada Permainan Tradisional Bekles
Authors: Hendriawan Priyatna , Faridah Siti
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the ethnomathematical values ​​contained in traditional games in West Java, namely bekles or beklen. This study uses an ethnographic research design with a qualitative research approach. The object of this research is the rules of the game and the object of the game itself. The research subjects were two resource persons consisting of 1 child aged 8 years and 1 teenager aged 13 years. This research is located on Jl. Raden Soleh, RT 01 RW 05 Sindangsari Village, Kec. Kadupandak, Kab. Cianjur, West Java. Data was collected by using the methods of documentation, interviews, and observations. The results of this study indicate that there are ethnomathematical values ​​contained in traditional bekles games, namely the concept of integers from 1 to 10, the concept of modulu or remainder of division, the shape of the ball space, and probability. In addition, it can also be used as a problem in learning physics about the material of upper vertical motion and free fall motion. Based on the research results, it is known that the potential for ethnomathematics development in traditional bekles games is very large, which can be used as materials, teaching materials, or learning media such as student worksheets (LKPD).
Implementasi Tahapan APOS pada Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Mahasiswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Matriks
Authors: Febrinita Filda , Puspitasari Wahyu Dwi , Zaman Wahid Ibnu
Published: January 2023

Changes in the learning process during the pandemic affected student learning outcomes. As many as 68% of students score below 75 in computational mathematics courses. These results are not comparable to learning outcomes when learning takes place offline. The results of the interviews show that students have difficulty understanding the material when learning is done online. For this reason, a qualitative descriptive study was carried out which aimed to analyze and describe students' conceptual understanding abilities in solving matrix problems using the APOS stages. The research subjects were 3 students of the informatics engineering study program who had taken computational mathematics courses and received matrix material, were in the category of students with low, medium, and high conceptual understanding, and were able to communicate their thoughts orally and in writing. Data collection techniques were carried out through written tests, interviews, and observations. The results showed that students with low conceptual understanding were able to solve matrix problems up to the object stage and made calculation mistakes. Students with a moderate understanding of concepts can solve matrix problems up to the schematic stage but are not careful in doing calculations. Meanwhile, students with high conceptual understanding can solve matrix questions up to the schematic stage, determine the correct answer, make conclusions, and reflect on the problem-solving obtained.
Potret Keterampilan Metakognitif Problem Solving dalam Level Penalaran Kontroversial Siswa
Authors: Swastika Apriana , Wulan Eka Resti , Hamidah Dewi
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe the metacognitive problem-solving skills of class X SMA Negeri 1 Kediri students at the level of initial controversial reasoning, exploration, and clarification, when solving irrational inequality problems. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used controversial problem tests, problem-solving tests, think-aloud methods, and task-based semi-structured interviews. The data analysis technique used was qualitative data analysis with steps of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The validity of the data used triangulation techniques and member checks. The results show that students' metacognitive problem-solving skills at the initial controversial reasoning level can meet the three indicators of metacognitive activity at the stage of understanding problems and determining the problem-solving strategy plan. Students' metacognitive problem-solving skills at the level of exploration can fulfill the three indicators of metacognitive activity at the stage of understanding problems, determining the problem-solving strategy plans, and completing problem-solving strategies. Students' metacognitive problem-solving skills at the level of clarification can meet the three indicators of metacognitive activity at the stage of understanding the problem, determining the problem-solving strategy plan, completing the problem-solving strategy, and looking back.
Pengembangan E-Modul dengan Pendekatan STEM untuk Memfasilitasi Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Materi Trignometri
Authors: Maziyah Khizanaturrohmah Nur , Hidayati Fina Hanifa
Published: January 2023

Critical thinking is one of the abilities that can be stimulated through learning mathematics by using an appropriate approach. One approach that can facilitate critical thinking skills is the STEM approach. To implement this approach, teaching materials are needed as support. This study aims to find out how to develop a valid e-modules as teaching materials with a STEM approach to facilitate students' critical thinking skills on trigonometry. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the PPE development model (Planning, Production, Evaluation). At the planning stage, curriculum analysis and analysis of class X MIA MAN 2 Indramayu were carried out. In the production stage, the creation and collection of data needed by the e-module is carried out, compiling the e-module, preparing links to connect to the required web page, and packaging the pdf format module into an electronic module (e-module). In the evaluation stage, an assessment of the quality of the e-module was carried out by material and media experts from the mathematics lecturer at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta and the mathematics teacher at MAN 2 Indramayu. The quality assessment of this e-module shows an ideal percentage value which is included in the "very good" criteria in the valid category. It can be said that this research and development has produced a valid e-module with a STEM approach to facilitate students' critical thinking skills in trigonometry.
Pengembangan Buku Saku Digital Berbasis STEM Berbantuan Appypie: Studi Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa
Authors: Komarudin Komarudin , Nabilla Gusti Ayu Farah , Bahri Saiful , Puspita Laila , Afandi Muhammad
Published: January 2023

This study aims to test the feasibility, attractiveness, and effectiveness of learning media in the form of STEM-based digital pocket books assisted by Appypie on students’ creative thinking skills on triangle material. Research and development (R&D) in this study uses the ADDIE model with 5 stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The data collection techniques used were interviews, questionnaires, and tests. Data collection instruments in this study include student needs questionnaires, interview sheets, expert validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and tests. The data analysis techniques used are expert validation data analysis, and student response data analysis. Based on the results of the validation test, an average score of 3.63 from material experts and 3.70 from media experts was obtained (feasible to use). The attractiveness response that has been carried out in small and large class tests obtained an average score of 3.57 (very interesting) and 3.80 (very interesting), respectively. The effectiveness test on the use of learning media developed in this study could not be carried out due to the constraints of the Covid-19 pandemic, so this research was limited to the development stage. It can be concluded that the STEM-based digital pocket book assisted by Appypie on students' creative thinking skills on triangle material is feasible and interesting to use in the learning process.This study aims to test the feasibility, attractiveness, and effectiveness of learning media in the form of STEM-based digital pocket books assisted by Appypie on students’ creative thinking skills on triangle material. Research and development (R&D) in this study uses the ADDIE model with 5 stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The data collection techniques used were interviews, questionnaires, and tests. Data collection instruments in this study include student needs questionnaires, interview sheets, expert validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and tests. The data analysis techniques used are expert validation data analysis, and student response data analysis. Based on the results of the validation test, an average score of 3.63 from material experts and 3.70 from media experts was obtained (feasible to use). The attractiveness response that has been carried out in small and large class tests obtained an average score of 3.57 (very interesting) and 3.80 (very interesting), respectively. The effectiveness test on the use of learning media developed in this study could not be carried out due to the constraints of the Covid-19 pandemic, so this research was limited to the development stage. It can be concluded that the STEM-based digital pocket book assisted by Appypie on students' creative thinking skills on triangle material is feasible and interesting to use in the learning process.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Statistika Bermuatan Soal Literasi Numerasi Bernuansa STEM untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik pada PBL
Authors: Musyafak Ahmad , Agoestanto Arief
Published: January 2023

The research objective is to develop statistical teaching materials containing STEM nuanced numeracy literacy questions to improve appropriate, practical and effective critical thinking skills used in learning. The type of research is research and development (RnD) using a 4D development model including define, design, develop, and disseminate. This research instrument uses a questionnaire to determine the feasibility and practicality as well as a critical thinking ability test to test the effectiveness of the teaching materials developed. This research uses the PBL model to determine the practicality and effectiveness of teaching materials. The research subjects were students of class VIII A at SMP Negeri 40 Semarang. The results showed that the feasibility of the developed teaching materials obtained very feasible criteria, and was very practical to use. The results of the effectiveness through the pretest-posttest, the proportion of students who complete learning is more than 74.5%, the posttest average is more than the pretest, and there is an increase in students' critical thinking skills after using the developed teaching materials, so it can be concluded that the developed teaching materials have feasible, practical, and effective to improve students' critical thinking skills in PBL model learning.
Computational Algorithm for Approximating Fractional Derivatives of Functions
Authors: Mamman John Ojima
Published: January 2023

This paper presents an algorithmic approach for numerically solving Caputo fractional diﬀerentiation. The trapezoidal rule was modiﬁed, the new modiﬁcation was used to derive an algorithm to approximate fractional derivatives of order α > 0, the fractional derivative used was based on Caputo deﬁnition for a given function by a weighted sum of function and its ordinary derivatives values at speciﬁed points. The trapezoidal rule was used in conjunction with the finite difference scheme which is the forward, backward and central difference to derive the computational algorithm for the numerical approximation of Caputo fractional derivative for evaluating functions of fractional order. The study was conducted through some illustrative examples and analysis of error.