bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stature from Tibia Irrespective of Sex: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Devi H R , Phanjoubam M , Wahengbam U , Frieny L
Published: April 2024

Mutilated human remains are recovered many times and may be the only evidence of crime. Establishing the identity of the victim is of primary importance and stature assumes a prominent feature in the identification parameters. In view of this, we have taken up the present study to on Indigenous Manipuri Meitei subjects, both males and females, in the age group of 21-25 years. This is a cross-sectional study comparing the standing height of the participants with the percutaneous tibial length. The degree of correlation has been analysed and a regression formula has been estableshed irrespective of sex, i.e., which can be used on any specimen, whether male or female. Atotal of 75 males and 75 females were studied in Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, of a tertiary health care centre in north east India. Subjects with any obvious congenital or acquired deformity of spine or extremities was not included in the study. Aregression equation is established based on the tibial length of the individual, irrespective of sex has been derived as, Y= 81.90 +.85 X3 + 4.11. The equation so developed is tested by F-test and found to be very highly significant (P=<.001). In other words, the developed equation is treated as best fit to the present data and henceforth it may be used to detect the stature of person too for any given value of his/her tibial length.
Retrospective Analysis of Pattern of Poisoning Cases Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kumar D R , Reddy T M
Published: April 2024

Road traffic accidents, poisoning and animal bites are important part of medico legal cases coming to a health care centre. This paper presents the poisoning cases brought to Kamineni hospital L.B Nagar, Hyderabad during the span of 2 years (2020 & 2021). The cases were analysed for various epidemiological parameters. The large numbers of people involved are between 21-30 years. Most cases are of agricultural poisons, followed by drug overdose. Most of the cases are seen in the month of February and May.
Autopsy Based Prospective Study About Pattern of Head Injuries in Deceased of Road Traffic Accidents at Central India (Indore) Region
Authors: Baveja V S , Singh B K , Pendro T S , Sharma L K , Sahu S
Published: April 2024

Head injury is one of the most dreaded injuries which has more than one modalities and a spectrum of consequences, death being the most dreaded closely followed by disability. Head injuries may be accidental, homicidal or suicidal in nature. Among the aforementioned manners of death, accidental deaths have constituted as the most common manner of death. Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death globally and the principal case of death in the age group of 15-49 years. Two-wheelers were the most commonly involved vehicles 1 in Road traffic accidents. Majority of the two wheeler users were not using helmets. Scalp injuries in the form of contusions were the most common. Linear type of fracture was the most common among the victims of RTA. Subdural haemorrhage along with subarachnoid haemorrhage was the most common type of intracranial haemorrhage observed among the victims.
Exploring Cloud Computing
Authors: Ridham Singh Bhatia  , Nishant Yadav  , Saarthak Chawla
Published: April 2024

Cloud computing has reached maturity since Amazon introduced the pioneering cloud services in 2006. Hong Kong, with its vast daily data processing needs across various sectors, is poised to embrace cloud services extensively, despite a gradual uptake initially. Cloud computing now dominates research agendas in computer science due to its profound implications across multiple computing sectors, particularly in managing big data, where it's indispensable. The establishment of a major cloud R&D centre in Hong Kong by Lenovo in January 2015 underscores this trend.
Cloud computing, fulfilling the long-standing vision of computing as a utility, possesses the capability to revolutionize a significant portion of the IT industry. It enhances the attractiveness of software as a service and influences the design and procurement of IT hardware. For developers with innovative ideas for new Internet services, the need for substantial capital investment in hardware deployment or ongoing operational expenses is eliminated. Concerns about overprovisioning, which wastes resources, or under provisioning, which can lead to missed opportunities, are alleviated. Additionally, companies with extensive batch-oriented tasks can achieve results at unprecedented speeds, as the scalability of programs allows for efficient utilization of resources without incurring additional costs. This elasticity of resources, where utilizing 1,000 servers for one hour costs the same as using one server for 1,000 hours, represents a significant departure from traditional IT models.
Textilstrukturen mit biomodularem Verformungsverhalten als Faserring von Bandscheibenprothesen
Authors: Cherif Chokri , Huynh Thi Anh My , Tonndorf Robert , Dilbar Aibibu , Warncke Mareen
Published: April 2024

Im Rahmen des IGF-Projekts Spinetex wurden die Grundlagen für die Entwicklung textiler Strukturen mit bimodularem Kraft-Dehnungs-Verhalten geschaffen, die das Potenzial haben, den Faserring biomimetischer Bandscheibenprothesen abzubilden. Um das bimodulare Verhalten solcher Strukturen zu erreichen, wurden 3 textile Technologien untersucht: Sticken, Flachweben mit ORW-Technik (Open Reed Weave) und Schlauchweben mit Zwirngarnen.
Optimierung gestickter Leiterbahnen für E-Textiles
Authors: Vasilev Steliyan , Hoerr Melanie , Kasdorf Michaela , Boehmer Sven
Published: April 2024

Die Stickerei war historisch betrachtet eine Methode, um Stoffe als ein Zeugnis menschlicher Geschicklichkeit mit komplexen Mustern zu verzieren. Doch in der modernen Ära hat diese alte Kunstform eine bedeutende Entwicklung durchgemacht. In den letzten Jahren hat die Stickerei eine tiefgreifende Transformation erlebt und ist als wegweisende Technologie an der Schnittstelle von Kunstfertigkeit und Funktionalität hervorgetreten. Dieser Artikel zeigt die Möglichkeiten auf, die die Stickerei für die Herstellung von Smart und E-Textiles bietet, und untersucht technische Feinheiten, Vorteile und Herausforderungen im Zusammenhang mit gestickten Leiterbahnen.
Fuchs wächst gegen den Markttrend
Authors: Sachsenröder Delphine
Published: April 2024

In der Kaufkraftkrise hat der Gewürz-Marktführer seine wichtigsten Marken neu aufgestellt. Gleichzeitig profitiert Fuchs von der steigenden Nachfrage nach Handelsmarke. So läuft das Geschäft im deutschen Einzelhandel über Branchenschnitt.
Karwendel-Werke vollziehen den Generationenwechsel
Authors: Lenders Dirk
Published: April 2024

Nach 15 Jahren bei Karwendel-Werke Huber und 43 Jahren in der Milchwirtschaft geht Klaus Ensslen in den Ruhestand. Seit seinem Einstieg hat sich der Absatz von Karwendel verdoppelt. Im vergangenen Jahr erzielten Exquisa und Miree Rekordabsätze. Mit der Marke Noa wurden die Weichen für die Zukunft gestellt.
„Mehr von allem“
Authors: Nissen Madeleine
Published: April 2024

Der stärkere Einsatz von Maschinen und eine höhere menschliche Interaktion mit dem Kunden sind aus Sicht von Ladendesigner Mark Landini kein Widerspruch.
„Fisch machst du als Händler richtig oder gar nicht“
Authors: Murmann Christoph
Published: April 2024

Fisch ist knapp und teuer. Der deutsche Lebensmittelhandel gehört ebenso zu den Verlierern der Entwicklung wie die hiesigen Verarbeiter – und auch die Endkunden. Alexander Wever beklagt, Deutschland sei kein Fischesserland, und weiß, wer es besser macht als der hiesige Handel.
dm integriert PaybackPay in den Onlineshop
Authors: Giuri Maurizio
Published: April 2024

Payback dringt weiter in den E-Commerce vor. Mit der Bezahlmöglichkeit Payback Pay können Kunden künftig auch online zahlen. Den Auftakt macht der Service im Onlineshop von dm. Der Karlsruher Händler stand Payback als Innovationspartner zur Seite.
Develey wird internationaler
Authors: Konrad Jörg , Nusser Bernd
Published: April 2024

Nach zweijähriger Arbeit mit dem Engagement einer italienischen Designagentur kommt das Develey-Sortiment im neuen Outfit in den Handel. Unternehmenschef Michael Durach erläutert die Strategie dahinter.
Schnäppchenjäger auf dem Rückzug
Authors: Rentz Ingo
Published: April 2024

Der Lebensmitteleinzelhandel in Europa hat ein schwieriges Jahr hinter sich – und der Druck dürfte weiter hoch bleiben. Zu diesem Ergebnis kommt eine Untersuchung von McKinsey und EuroCommerce, die allerdings auch Anlass zu Optimismus gibt.
Konstruktiv zum attraktiven Auftritt
Authors: Kecskes Robert , Rüter Christina
Published: April 2024

Verpackungen sind am POS und zu Hause die wichtigsten Botschafter der Markenindustrie. Sie bannen die Blicke von Betrachtern und Betrachterinnen und sorgen für Wiedererkennung und Orientierung. Mitunter animiert ein emotional ansprechendes Äußeres dazu, ein Produkt gleich beim Erstkontakt in den Einkaufswagen zu befördern.
Aufgepasst: Neue Version des Branchenstandards B3S WA
Authors: Geiz Thomas
Published: April 2024

2024 kommen umfangreiche Änderungen auf die Betreiber kritischer Infrastruktur in Bezug auf IT-Sicherheit und Widerstandsfähigkeit (Resilienz) zu. Dies zeigt sich auch im neuen Branchenstandard B3S WA V2023 für die Wasserwirtschaft. Was sind die Neuerungen?
Weniger Ökolandbau in Frankreich
Authors: Mönch Axel
Published: April 2024

Brüssel. Zwischen dem Europaparlament und der EU-Kommission gehen die Einschätzungen über die Zukunft der Ökolandwirtschaft weit auseinander. Europaabgeordnete weisen auf die Aberkennung von Betrieben in Österreich und Deutschland hin. In Frankreich geben zahlreiche Biobetriebe auf. Die EU-Kommission sieht dagegen kein Grund zum Pessimismus.
Wuchernde Wurzeln
Authors: Schaal René
Published: April 2024

Frankfurt a.M. Die Kohlhernie gilt als die am stärksten ertragsmindernde Krankheit im intensiven Rapsanbau. Die Bodenverseuchung durch den Pilz Plasmodiophora brassicae kann bis zu 20 Jahre anhalten. Rund 8 Prozent der deutschen Rapsanbauflächen, insbesondere in Schleswig-Holstein und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, sind von der bodenbürtigen Krankheit betroffen.
Recht auf Klimaschutz
Authors: Filko Nadine
Published: April 2024

Goslar. Das Urteil des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte (EGMR) zur Klage der Schweizer Klima-Seniorinnen könnte den Weg in eine nachhaltigere Zukunft weisen und eine Meta-Verantwortlichkeit der Länder in den Fokus rücken. Der Diskurs aber ist kontrovers.
A Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Modern Approaches to Assessment and Evaluation in Education
Authors: Meylani Ruşen
Published: April 2024

For tracking student progress and designing educational programs, assessment and evaluation are critical components of the process. Assessment is data collection to monitor students' development, while evaluation analyzes this data to make informed educational choices. To enhance educational results, practical and effective assessment and evaluation techniques must be applied. These strategies enable instructors to discover and customize instruction by identifying each student's strengths and limitations. This article compares classic and modern assessment and evaluation methodologies to draw implications for educational policies and practices. The research employs a systematic literature review to analyze data gathered from diverse fields. Efficiency, appropriateness, scalability, inclusivity, technology integration, and stakeholder acceptability are critical factors in comparing assessment and evaluation approaches. These parameters were used to analyze the benefits and drawbacks of each strategy. Traditional approaches, for example, have been proven insufficient in expressing individual characteristics since they are ubiquitous and uniform. Modern approaches stand out for their ability to meet student demands and adapt to diverse circumstances. The broad use of these modern procedures, however, is much more complicated than the simply adaptable traditional methods. According to the study's results, current and traditional assessment and evaluation methods have common themes such as purpose, quality assurance, involvement, ethics, and continual development. Traditional approaches, on the other hand, remain more summative, but novel methods concentrate more on student growth via formative strategies and ongoing feedback. Furthermore, novel methods provide flexibility, technology integration, and inclusion, while conventional methods may be restricted to a specific format. Modern methodologies reflect technology's growing importance in education and provide substantial opportunities to build engaging and attractive learning environments. Traditional techniques, on the other hand, emphasize academic knowledge and memory abilities while ignoring practical applications. Assessments that involve problem and project-based learning, as well as real-world situations, are prioritized in modern techniques. Consequently, integrating traditional and contemporary assessment and evaluation methodologies is recommended and will result in a more effective and inclusive educational assessment system. This research on the applicability and efficacy of assessment and evaluation methodologies provides for the exploration of new educational approaches and techniques, as well as the chance to assess current practices and make suggestions for implementation.
Heart failure remote monitoring: novel approaches and management strategies
Authors: Proaño Bautista Cristian Xavier , Tinoco Aguilar Angie Pauleth , Andrade Valenzuela Rayza Alexandra , Zamora Pachay Arellys Jacqueline , Vega Pacheco Jorge Nicolás
Published: April 2024

Background. Globally, heart failure is a leading health problem, with an estimated 64 million cases worldwide, including 6.7 million in the U.S., according to estimates. The U.S. economic burden is expected to see a steep rise by the year 2030. Heart failure is a cause of 8.5% of heart disease-related deaths and a central cardiovascular killer. Emergency hospitalization rates and readmission rates are high. Methods: A systematic methodology was followed to generate authentic and reliable data on remote monitoring in the setting of heart failure patients. The inclusion criteria comprise articles describing remote monitoring interventions published in peer-reviewed journals and carried out in human subjects in English. Critical analysis applies quality assessment tools to assess methodological soundness, possible bias, and relevance to the research objective. Results: This review discusses wearable devices, e.g., Zoll HFMS ReDS, and Audicor, each effectively monitoring cardiac parameters and reducing H.F. hospitalizations. Implantable cardiac monitors such as LUX-Dx and CardioMEMS H.F. RM has potential to give real-time data for timely intervention and tailored therapies. The integration of machine learning algorithms in devices, for example, VitalPatch and the SimpleSense has led to increased use of these devices to make precise and efficient health care predictions, leading to improved patient outcomes. Conclusion: From all the research, remote monitoring devices and strategies are recommendable for patients with various cardiac complications. It can improve heart function, however, R.M. has not been seen to reduce the overall mortality rate among heart patients.
CÂNCER DE PRÓSTATA: INVESTIGAÇÃO, PREVENÇÃO, TRATAMENTOS E CUIDADOS DA ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Dias Luana Castelo Branco , Santos Diana Góis dos
Published: April 2024

O câncer de próstata se dá devido ao avanço expressivo da próstata, uma glândula que fica na parte ínfero do abdômen componente do sistema reprodutor masculino. Está em sexto lugar como o câncer com maior ocorrência no mundo e o segundo mais corrente entre os homens brasileiros. As causas de risco mais incidentes para o desenvolvimento desta doença estão coligados à presença de testosterona e à progressão da idade. Inicialmente, o câncer se desenvolve silenciosamente e pode não causar sintomas, entretanto, à medida que a doença progride, os pacientes podem desenvolver problemas urinários, infecções e insuficiência renal. O diagnóstico pode ser feito através de uma série de testes, incluindo toque retal, biópsia, PSA, ultrassonografia e estudos histopatológicos, sendo possível a prevenção através de medidas básicas como exames regulares, atividade física e uma boa alimentação. O recurso terapêutico da doença deve ser particularizado para cada paciente e deve-se levar em consideração o estágio em que o tumor se encontra. Para os cânceres de próstata localizados, a prostatectomia radical pode ser realizada, com possíveis complicações. Se em estágios avançados, é necessário bloqueio hormonal mais radioterapia, além de cirurgia radical. Assim sendo, é crucial prevenir e tratar inicialmente as alterações na próstata para evitar o aumento da convergência do câncer de próstata. Há de mencionar os desvelos da enfermagem, que acrescem bons resultados no tratamento da doença. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, as principais abordagens para diagnóstico, prevenção, tratamento e cuidado do câncer de próstata.
A INTEGRAÇÃO DA TECNOLOGIA NO ESPAÇO ESCOLAR: DESAFIOS E OPORTUNIDADES
Authors: Felix Henrique da Silva , Felix Alana Mirela Cunha , Corrêa Edson José dos Santos , Coutinho Diogenes José Gusmão
Published: April 2024

O uso da tecnologia, bem como seu avanço, tem moldado nossa sociedade, impactando não apenas a forma como vivemos, mas também como aprendemos. Este artigo explora os desafios enfrentados e as oportunidades oferecidas pela introdução das tecnologias no espaço escolar, destacando a importância de uma integração cuidadosa da tecnologia na educação, reconhecendo seu potencial transformador para o processo de ensino/aprendizagem. Para atingir tal  objetivo, utilizamos o método qualitativo de revisão bibliográfica de artigos acadêmicos, livros e documentos relacionados à integração da tecnologia na educação. Como resultado, propomos que ao superar os desafios enfrentados, surgem oportunidades valiosas na educação.
Uncertainties in cloud-radiative heating within an idealized extratropical cyclone
Authors: Keshtgar Behrooz , Voigt Aiko , Mayer Bernhard , Hoose Corinna
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Cloud-radiative heating (CRH) within the atmosphere affects the dynamics and predictability of extratropical cyclones. However, CRH is uncertain in numerical weather prediction and climate models, and this could affect model predictions of extratropical cyclones. In this paper, we present a systematic quantification of CRH uncertainties. To this end, we study an idealized extratropical cyclone simulated at a convection-permitting resolution of 2.5 km and combine large-eddy-model simulations at a 300 m resolution with offline radiative transfer calculations. We quantify four factors contributing to the CRH uncertainty in different regions of the cyclone: 3D cloud-radiative effects, parameterization of ice optical properties, cloud horizontal heterogeneity, and cloud vertical overlap. The last two factors can be considered essentially resolved at 300 m but need to be parameterized at a 2.5 km resolution. Our results indicate that parameterization of ice optical properties and cloud horizontal heterogeneity are the two factors contributing most to the mean uncertainty in CRH at larger spatial scales and can be more relevant for the large-scale dynamics of the cyclone. On the other hand, 3D cloud-radiative effects are much smaller on average, especially for stratiform clouds within the warm conveyor belt of the cyclone. Our analysis in particular highlights the potential to improve the simulation of CRH by better representing ice optical properties. Future work should, in particular, address how uncertainty in ice optical properties affects the dynamics and predictability of extratropical cyclones.
Impact of HO2∕RO2 ratio on highly oxygenated α-pinene photooxidation products and secondary organic aerosol formation potential
Authors: Baker Yarê , Kang Sungah , Wang Hui , Wu Rongrong , Xu Jian , Zanders Annika , He Quanfu , Hohaus Thorsten , Ziehm Till , Geretti Veronica , Bannan Thomas J. , O'Meara Simon P. , Voliotis Aristeidis , Hallquist Mattias , McFiggans Gordon , Zorn Sören R. , Wahner Andreas , Mentel Thomas F.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) from the atmospheric oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds are important contributors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Organic peroxy radicals (RO2) and hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) are key species influencing the HOM product distribution. In laboratory studies, experimental requirements often result in overemphasis on RO2 cross-reactions compared to reactions of RO2 with HO2. We analyzed the photochemical formation of HOMs from α-pinene and their potential to contribute to SOA formation under high (≈1/1) and low (≈1/100) HO2/RO2 conditions. As HO2/RO2 > 1 is prevalent in the daytime atmosphere, sufficiently high HO2/RO2 is crucial to mimic atmospheric conditions and to prevent biases by low HO2/RO2 on the HOM product distribution and thus SOA yield. Experiments were performed under steady-state conditions in the new, continuously stirred tank reactor SAPHIR-STAR at Forschungszentrum Jülich. The HO2/RO2 ratio was increased by adding CO while keeping the OH concentration constant. We determined the HOM's SOA formation potential, considering its fraction remaining in the gas phase after seeding with (NH4)2SO4 aerosol. An increase in HO2/RO2 led to a reduction in SOA formation potential, with the main driver being a ∼ 60 % reduction in HOM-accretion products. We also observed a shift in HOM-monomer functionalization from carbonyl to hydroperoxide groups. We determined a reduction of the HOM's SOA formation potential by ∼ 30 % at HO2/RO2 ≈1/1 compared to HO2/RO2 ≈ 1/100. Particle-phase observations measured a similar decrease in SOA mass and yield. Our study shows that too low HO2/RO2 ratios compared to the atmosphere can lead to an overestimation of SOA yields.
Quantifying functional group compositions of household fuel-burning emissions
Authors: Li Emily Y. , Yazdani Amir , Dillner Ann M. , Shen Guofeng , Champion Wyatt M. , Jetter James J. , Preston William T. , Russell Lynn M. , Hays Michael D. , Takahama Satoshi
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Globally, billions of people burn fuels indoors for cooking and heating, which contributes to millions of chronic illnesses and premature deaths annually. Additionally, residential burning contributes significantly to black carbon emissions, which have the highest global warming impacts after carbon dioxide and methane. In this study, we use Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze fine-particulate emissions collected on Teflon membrane filters from 15 cookstove types and 5 fuel types. Emissions from three fuel types (charcoal, kerosene, and red oak wood) were found to have enough FTIR spectral response for functional group (FG) analysis. We present distinct spectral profiles for particulate emissions of these three fuel types. We highlight the influential FGs constituting organic carbon (OC) using a multivariate statistical method and show that OC estimates by collocated FTIR and thermal–optical transmittance (TOT) are highly correlated, with a coefficient determination of 82.5 %. As FTIR analysis is fast and non-destructive and provides complementary FG information, the analysis method demonstrated herein can substantially reduce the need for thermal–optical measurements for source emissions.
Bottom fishery impact generates tracer peaks easily confused with bioturbation traces in marine sediments
Authors: Forster Stefan , Runkel Claudia , Lemke Josephin , Pülm Laura , Powilleit Martin
Published: April 2024

Abstract. In the process of reworking sediments and thus shaping biogeochemical processes, marine bottom-dwelling animals are thought to play a pivotal role in many benthic environments. Bioturbation (particle reworking) includes the downward transport of particles into the sediment as a major process and is sometimes detected as subsurface maxima (peaks) of specific particulate substances (tracers). Here, we document the fact that subsurface peaks, such as those typically attributed to biological particle transport in sediments, may equally be generated by otter boards in bottom-trawling fishery. Boards can generate tracer peaks whereby they scoop sediment from the surface, flip it over, and deposit it onto the adjacent seafloor. These peaks are indistinguishable from those generated by benthic fauna burying surface material at sediment depth. We demonstrate this for the particle tracer chlorophyll a in silty sand from the western Baltic Sea with fauna that generally do not burrow deep in a global comparison. Our inability to distinguish the driving processes generating the peaks indicates limits to our understanding of the magnitude and spatial extent of bioturbation traces in this environment. It also poses a problem for the assessment of fishery resource use and benthic processes. However, based on natural fauna abundance, behavioral information, and fishery intensity data, we identify macrofauna and not otter boards as the dominant cause of peaks at the sites investigated here.
Sensitivity of Future Projections of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin Ice Sheet to Grounding Line Melt Parameterizations
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhao Chen , Gladstone Rupert , Zwinger Thomas , Galton-Fenzi Ben , Christoffersen Poul
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Projections of Antarctic Ice Sheet mass loss and therefore global sea level rise are hugely uncertain, partly due to how mass loss of the ice sheet occurs at the grounding line. The Wilkes Subglacial Basin (WSB), a vast region of the East Antarctic ice sheet, is thought to be particularly vulnerable to deglaciation under future climate warming scenarios. However, future projections of ice loss, driven by grounding line migration, are known to be sensitive to the parameterisation of ocean-induced basal melt of the floating ice shelves, and specifically, adjacent to the grounding line – termed Grounding Line Melt Parameterizations (GLMPs). This study investigates future ice sheet dynamics in the WSB with respect to four GLMPs under both the upper and lower bounds of climate warming scenarios from the present to 2500, with different model resolutions and choices of sliding relationships. The variation in these GLMPs determines the distribution and the amount of melt applied in the finite element assembly procedure on partially grounded elements (i.e., elements containing the grounding line). Our findings indicate that the GLMPs significantly affect both the trigger-timings of tipping points and the overall magnitude of ice mass loss. We conclude that applying full melting to the partially grounded elements, which causes melting on the grounded side of the grounding line, should be avoided under all circumstances due to its poor numerical convergence and substantial overestimation of ice mass loss. We recommend preferring options that depend on the specific model context, either 1) not applying any melt immediately adjacent to the grounding line or 2) employing a sub-element parameterisation. Based on our best model results, a tipping point is projected to occur between 2200 and 2300, leading to massive and rapid retreat across the WSB and a significant increase in ice discharge from 200 to 500 Gt a-1. In this context, our simulations suggest that the WSB ice sheet could contribute between 0.23 to 0.34 m to global sea level rise by 2500.
SO2 emissions and lifetimes derived from TROPOMI observations over India using a flux-divergence method
Authors: Chen Yutao , van der A Ronald J. , Ding Jieying , Eskes Henk , Williams Jason E. , Theys Nicolas , Tsikerdekis Athanasios , Levelt Pieternel F.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The rapid development of the economy and the implementation of environmental policies adapted in India has led to fast changes of regional SO2 emissions. We present a monthly SO2 emission inventory for India covering December 2018 to November 2023 based on the TROPOMI Level-2 COBRA SO2 dataset, by using an improved flux-divergence method and estimated local SO2 lifetime which includes both its chemical loss and dry deposition. We update the methodology to use the daily CAMS model output estimates of the hydroxyl-radical distribution as well as the measured dry deposition velocity to account for the variability in the tropospheric SO2 lifetime. The results show the application of the local SO2 lifetime improves the accuracy of SO2 emissions estimation when compared to calculations using a constant lifetime. Our improved flux-divergence method reduced the spreading of the point source emissions compared to the standard flux-divergence method. The averaged SO2 emissions covering the recent 5 years are about 5.2 Tg year-1, which is lower than the bottom-up emissions of 11.0 Tg year-1 from CAMS-GLOB-ANT v5.3. The total emissions from the 92 largest point source emissions are estimated to be 2.9 Tg year-1, lower than the estimation of 5.2 Tg year-1 from the global SO2 catalog MSAQSO2LV4. We argue that for other important regions that have high SO2 emissions, the variability in the SO2 lifetime becomes more important to account for estimating top-down SO2 emissions.
Glaciation of Mixed-Phase Clouds: Insights from Bulk Model and Bin-Microphysics Large-Eddy Simulation Informed by Laboratory Experiment
Authors: Wang Aaron , Krueger Steve , Chen Sisi , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Cantrell Will , Shaw Raymond A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Mixed-phase clouds affect precipitation and radiation forcing differently from liquid and ice clouds, posing greater challenges to their representation in numerical simulations. Recent laboratory experiments using the Pi Cloud Chamber explored cloud glaciation conditions based on increased injection of ice nucleating particles. In this study, we use two approaches to reproduce the results of the laboratory experiments: a bulk scalar mixing model and large-eddy simulation (LES) with bin microphysics. The first approach assumes a well-mixed domain to provide an efficient assessment of the mean cloud properties for a wide range of conditions. The second approach resolves the energy-carrying turbulence, the particle size distribution, and their spatial distribution to provide more details. These modeling approaches enable a separate and detailed examination of liquid and ice properties, which is challenging in the laboratory. Both approaches demonstrate that, with an increased ice number concentration, the flow and microphysical properties exhibit the same changes in trends. Additionally, both approaches show that the ice integral radius reaches the theoretical glaciation threshold when the cloud is subsaturated with respect to liquid water. The main difference between the results of the two approaches is that the bulk model allows for the complete glaciation of the cloud. However, LES reveals that, in a dynamic system, the cloud is not completely glaciated because liquid water droplets are continuously produced near the warm lower boundary and subsequently mixed into the chamber interior. These results highlight the importance of the ice mass fraction in distinguishing the mixed phase and ice clouds.
Evaluation of high resolution snowpack simulations from global datasets and comparison with Sentinel-1 snow depth retrievals in the Sierra Nevada, USA
Authors: Sourp Laura , Gascoin Simon , Jarlan Lionel , Pedinotti Vanessa , Bormann Kat J. , Baba Mohamed Wassim
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Spatial distribution of mountain snow water equivalent (SWE) is key information for water management. We implement a tool to simulate snowpack properties at high resolution (100 m) by sourcing only global datasets of climate, land cover and elevation. The meteorological data are obtained from ERA5 which makes the method applicable in near real time (5 day latency). We evaluate the output using 49 SWE maps derived from airborne lidar surveys in the Sierra Nevada. We find a very good agreement at the catchment scale using uncalibrated lapse rates. Larger biases at the model grid scale are especially evident at high elevation but do not alter the catchment-scale snow mass accuracy. We additionally compare the simulated snow depth to Sentinel-1 snow depth retrievals and find a similar accuracy with respect to synchronous airborne lidar surveys. However, Sentinel-1 snow depth products are temporally sparse and often masked during the melt season and do not provide SWE.
Determination of low-level temperature profiles from microwave radiometer observations during rain
Authors: Foth Andreas , Lochmann Moritz , Saavedra Garfias Pablo , Kalesse-Los Heike
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Usually, microwave radiometer observations have to be discarded during rain. The instrument gets wet which hampers accurate measurements since the retrieval algorithms to derive atmospheric quantities are not trained for rain events. The reason for the latter is, that the rain drops dominate the microwave signal compared to the weaker signal from atmospheric gases. To account for this, radiative transfer simulations need to include the electromagnetic properties of rain, which usually requires more complicated and expensive simulations. In this work, the performance of newly developed microwave radiometer retrievals that are not based on rain simulations is evaluated to assess how they work during rain events. It is shown that it is possible to retrieve low-level temperature profiles during rain by omitting certain frequencies and zenith observations. Retrievals with various combinations of elevation angles and frequencies are evaluated. It is presented that, retrievals based on scanning mode observations with angles below 30° without zenith observation and only the lesser transparent upper four HATPRO microwave radiometer frequencies of the V-band (54.94, 56.66, 57.3, 58 GHz) provides the best results. An analysis of the calculated degrees of freedom of the signal shows that the retrieval of temperature profiles up to 3 km for no rain, 2 km for light to moderate rain and 1.5 km for heavy rain is driven by the HATPRO observation and not by climatology. Finally, the performance of the temperature profile retrieval is explained using a case study in Lindenberg, Germany, and evaluated with temperature profiles from European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model for different rainfall intensities. The results show that the higher the rainfall rate, the larger the deviation of the microwave radiometer temperature profile retrieval result from the reference model output.
Improvement of the thermal spring protection area through numerical modelling and interdisciplinary studies
Authors: Sanz de Ojeda Joaquín , Elorza Tenreiro Francisco Javier , Sanz Pérez Eugenio
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The integration of different sources of geological and hydrogeological information and the application of interdisciplinary methods have informed the origin of the thermal springs of Alhama de Aragón and Jaraba, as well as others associated semi thermal springs (1,200 l/s of combined flow, 711 l/s at over 30 °C). This issue is key to being able to design any sustainable conservation strategy in terms of quantity and quality of resources within the recharge area of the most important thermal springs in Spain. The Upper Cretaceous limestones and dolomites constitute the main aquifer of the Alhama and Jaraba thermal system. It extends continuously under the slightly permeable Tertiary of the Almazán Basin in the form of a NW-SE "synclinorium". Its bottom has extensive depths of more than 3,000 and 4,000 m in the NE sector, which constitute the focus of heat considering normal geothermal gradients. From the results of the modelling of the flow of this thermal system, it can be concluded that the origin of these springs comes mainly from the autogenous recharge that occurs in the Cretaceous calcareous outcrops that border the Almazán Basin to the north, both in the Ebro Basin (Jalón Valley) and in the more distant Duero Basin. The underground flow follows a NW-SE direction flowing across the Duero-Ebro divide, favored by the topographic difference in elevation between the two basins. The modelled regional flow is coherent with the progressive increase in temperature, water age, mineralization, and flow of the springs through which the system discharges.
Unraveling phenological and stomatal responses to flash drought and implications for water and carbon budgets
Authors: Corak Nicholas K. , Otkin Jason A. , Ford Trent W. , Lowman Lauren E. L.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. In recent years, extreme droughts in the United States have increased in frequency and severity, underlining a need to improve our understanding of vegetation resilience and adaptation. Flash droughts are extreme events marked by the rapid dry down of soils due to lack of precipitation, high temperatures, and dry air. These events are also associated with reduced preparation, response, and management time windows before and during drought, exacerbating their detrimental impacts on people and food systems. Improvements in actionable information for flash drought management are informed by atmospheric and land surface processes, including responses and feedbacks from vegetation. Phenologic state, or growth stage, is an important metric for modeling how vegetation modulates land–atmosphere interactions. Reduced stomatal conductance during drought leads to cascading effects on carbon and water fluxes. We investigate how uncertainty in vegetation phenology and stomatal regulation propagates through vegetation responses during drought and non-drought periods by coupling a land surface hydrology model to a predictive phenology model. We assess the role of vegetation in the partitioning of carbon, water, and energy fluxes during flash drought and carry out a comparison against drought and non-drought periods. We selected study sites in Kansas, USA, that were impacted by the flash drought of 2012 and that have AmeriFlux eddy covariance towers which provide ground observations to compare against model estimates. Results show that the compounding effects of reduced precipitation and high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on vegetation distinguish flash drought from other drought and non-drought periods. High VPD during flash drought shuts down modeled stomatal conductance, resulting in rates of evapotranspiration (ET), gross primary productivity (GPP), and water use efficiency (WUE) that fall below those of average drought conditions. Model estimates of GPP and ET during flash drought decrease to rates similar to what is observed during the winter, indicating that plant function during drought periods is similar to that of dormant months. These results have implications for improving predictions of drought impacts on vegetation.
History of the Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk Geomagnetic Observatories – Part 3: Niemegk
Authors: Linthe Hans-Joachim
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The measurement series of the 3 geomagnetic observatories Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk span over 130 years, starting in 1890. It is one of the longest, almost uninterrupted series of recordings of the Earth’s magnetic field. Data users frequently emphasize the high quality of the data and its significance for geomagnetic base research. Very well-known outstanding geomagnetism scientists as Max Eschenhagen, Adolf Schmidt, Julius Bartels, Gerhard Fanselau and Horst Wiese directed the observatories during their existence. This paper describes the history of the Niemegk Adolf Schmidt Observatory, which was started in 1932 and is currently further in operation.
Horizons in Endometriosis: Proceedings of the Montreux Reproductive Summit, 14-15 July 2023
Authors: Vallée A , Saridogan E , Petraglia F , Keckstein J , Polyzos N , Wyns C , Gianaroli L , Tarlatzis B , Ayoubi J.M. , Feki A
Published: April 2024

Endometriosis is a complex and chronic gynaecological disorder that affects millions of women worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and impacting reproductive health. This condition affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age and is characterised by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, potentially leading to symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, and infertility. The Montreux summit brought a number of experts in this field together to provide a platform for discussion and exchange of ideas. These proceedings summarise the six main topics that were discussed at this summit to shed light on future directions of endometriosis classification, diagnosis, and therapeutical management. The first question addressed the possibility of preventing endometriosis in the future by identifying risk factors, genetic predispositions, and further understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition to develop targeted interventions. The clinical presentation of endometriosis is varied, and the correlation between symptoms severity and disease extent is unclear. While there is currently no universally accepted optimal classification system for endometriosis, several attempts striving towards its optimisation - each with its own advantages and limitations - were discussed. The ideal classification should be able to reconcile disease status based on the various diagnostic tools, and prognosis to guide proper patient tailored management. Regarding diagnosis, we focused on future tools and critically discussed emerging approaches aimed at reducing diagnostic delay. Preserving fertility in endometriosis patients was another debatable aspect of management that was reviewed. Moreover, besides current treatment modalities, potential novel medical therapies that can target underlying mechanisms, provide effective symptom relief, and minimise side effects in endometriotic patients were considered, including hormonal therapies, immunomodulation, and regenerative medicine. Finally, the question of hormonal substitution therapy after radical treatment for endometriosis was debated, weighing the benefits of hormone replacement.
الاستفهام الناقد في القرآن الكريم: كيف الاستفهامية أنموذجا
Authors: Mghadi Ali Mohammed Saleh
Published: April 2024

هذا البحث هو عبارة عن دراسة استقرائية لأسلوب الاستفهام الناقد في خطابات القرآن الكريم في مختلف السور والآيات، وقد تم رسم حدوده في أداة واحدة من أدوات الاستفهام وهي: "كيف الاستفهامية" باعتباره بحثا قصيرا لا يحتمل التوسع للحديث عن كل أدوات الاستفهام. وحيث إن أسلوب الاستفهام هو من أكثر أساليب القرآن الكريم استعمالا -إن لم يكن الأكثر على الإطلاق- لكثرة وروده في سياق آيات القرآن الكريم والتي تربو عن ألف ومائتي آية، لزم الاقتصار على أداة واحدة منها هي كيف، وكون اسم كيف يرد في القران الكريم على وجهين: أولها الشرط، وثانيها الاستفهام، إلا أن الاستفهام هو الغالب حيث يستفهم به من خلال هذه الأداة عن حال الشيء لا عن ذاته، وسيتم حصر كل الآيات الواردة فيها كيف الاستفهامية ومن ثم إعرابـها أو بعضا منها، وذكر أقوال أهل البلاغة والمفسرين حول تلك الآيات لبيان وورود مواضع النقد فيها، ولأن كثيرا ممن تناولوا الحديث عن الاستفهام بشقه المجازي ذكروا له أغراضا كثيرة كالتوبيخ والذم والتهكم والتعجب والتعجيب والتقرير والاستبعاد .. إلى غير ذلك، فقد حرصت أن يكون هذا البحث من زاوية أخرى لم يتطرق لها إلا القليل النادر وهي زاوية الاستفهام الناقد، ليكون كواحد من أغراض الاستفهام المجازي، وكون مفهوم النقد بمعانيه المتعددة لدى أهل اللغة والبلاغة من التمييز والحكم والذم والعيب إلى غيرها من المعاني يلتقي مع أغراض الاستفهام في أغلب الخطابات الاستفهامية في القرآن الكريم، بل يكون مشتملا عليها حيث وجد، وهذا ما سيتم بيانه في ثنايا هذا البحث.
ASLÜ’S-SENED KAVRAMI ÇERÇEVESİNDE İBN HACER’E GÖRE GARÎB-İ MUTLAK
Authors: Tekin Metin
Published: April 2024

Bu makalede İbn Hacer’in (ö. 852/1449) Nüzhetü’n-nazar adlı eserinde “aslü’s-sened” ifadesi üzerinden tarif ettiği garîb-i mutlak terimi üzerinde durulmuştur. Günümüzde yapılan araştırmalarda İbn Hacer’in “aslü’s-sened” sözü farklı şekillerde anlaşılarak mezkûr terim tanımlanmıştır. Bunun neticesinde ortaya çıkan kavram kargaşasını bertaraf etmek ve İbn Hacer’in kastını doğru tespit etmek amacıyla bu araştırmanın yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Bu çerçevede öncelikle günümüzde konuya dair kaleme alınan eserlerde İbn Hacer’in ifadesinin nasıl anlaşıldığı tespit edilmiş ve akabinde hem İbn Hacer’in hem de sonraki muhaddislerin konuya dair açıklamalarına yer verilerek çağdaş araştırmalardaki bu tespitlerin onun meramını yansıtıp yansıtmadığı tahlil edilmiştir. Yapılan inceleme neticesinde İbn Hacer’in “aslü’s-sened” ile tâbiîn tabakasını kast ettiği ve sahâbîden hadisi nakleden tâbiî ravinin bir kişi olması durumunda bunu garîb-i mutlak olarak değerlendirdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Quality Control in Regional Blood Center QC Laboratory
Authors: Syed Muzammil Shah
Published: April 2024

Implementing comprehensive quality control measures in Regional Blood Center (RBC) laboratory services is indispensable for ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and consistency of transfusion-transmitted infectious screening results. These measures not only identify and address potential issues but also uphold the highest standards in analysis and testing. Below, we explore deeper into the critical aspects of quality control in laboratory services especially in the Regional Blood Center laboratory followed by American association of blood banking.
An Analysis on The Use of English Speech Acts Function by The Staff of Home Stay at Belumbang Tourism Village in Tabanan , Bali
Authors: Widhiastuty Ni Luh Putu Sri , Murdana I Ketut
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the present research was to analyze the use of English speech acts functions by the staff of home stay at Belumbang Tourism Village in Tabanan Bali. The research method applied was descriptive qualitative approach which was largely relied on the philosophy of phenomenology approach. The types of data were the qualitative ones which were in the forms of words, phrases, expressions, and sentences on the use of English speech functions. The sources of data were primary data which were directly collected from the respondents and the key informant, and the secondary data which were collected from the existing data provided by the second party. The methods used for data collection were observation, questionnaires, and interview methods. The methods for data analysis were descriptive and qualitative by using the theory of speech acts functions proposed by Searle (1983). The population of the research was 30 people. The sampling technique applied was non-probability sampling.  The findings of the research were the result and the discussion showed that those 5 speech act functions, such as: assertive, directives, expressive, commissive, and declarative were used.
Haematological and Serum Biochemical Responses of Yankasa Rams Supplemented Cinnamon Powder
Authors: U. S. Salisu , M. G. Garba , U. Murtala , S. Gaddafi , I. A. Garba
Published: April 2024

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of cinnamon supplements on Yankasa Rams' growth performance, nutrient digestibility, haematology and serum biochemical profile. A total number of sixteen (16) Yankasa grower rams with an average live weight of 20kg each was randomly allotted into four dietary treatments comprised of four replicates consisting of four animals per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD), where data obtained in this study were analyzed using General Linear Model of Statistical Analysis Software and Means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The haematological variables demonstrated that packed cell volume was significantly (P<0.05) affected by an increased level of cinnamon Significant (P<0.05) differences were also recorded in white blood cells, neutrophils, basophils and haemoglobin while others were not significantly (P>0.05) changed. With the exception of plasma potassium level, there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in all other serum biochemistry with the supplementation of cinnamon. Cinnamon supplementation plays a vital role in improving the haematological profile. No significant considerable changes were observed in the serum biochemical profile as a result of cinnamon supplements in Yankasa rams. It is therefore recommended that cinnamon powder can be incorporated into ruminant animal diet up to 15g/kg without detrimental effect in animal health status. However further studies were encouraged.