bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early-Stage Design Parameters for Low-Energy Solar Rural Houses in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Xiao Qiubo , Liu Yu , Cho Seigen , He Yong
Published: February 2024

As an effective solution to achieve carbon neutrality, the development of low-energy solar houses is now in the ascendant in China. The Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP), which is rich in solar energy resources, is considered to be an important region for solar technologies studying. Rural houses are the main living form for residents in the QTP, early-stage design parameters play an important role in achieving low-energy consumption of rural houses. However, researches on the design method and parameters of low-energy solar rural house were relatively poor at present. This paper examined the influence of early-stage design parameters on the energy performance of low-energy solar rural houses incorporating building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) roof systems. A 2-storey 110 m2 rural house was studied as an archetype. Through simulation, a range of related building parameters, such as shape coefficient, window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and azimuth angle were analysed and compared. The impact of early-stage design parameters on energy consumption in winter, ventilation in summer and BIPV system annual energy yield were considered.
Study of Radial Stiffness of Interaction between Bulk Material and Steel Silo Structure
Authors: Jiang Minmin , Bai Fangwei , Guo Rufang
Published: February 2024

Large steel silos are typically thin-walled structures, widely used in agriculture and industry to store large quantities of bulk materials. In the presence of steel solids in cylindrical shells the stiffness of the contents has a positive influence on the Silo walls, similar to internal pressure. In order to clarify the influence of the interaction between steel silos and bulk materials, the paper establishes a model for the interaction between steel silos and bulk materials using finite element simulation based on the European steel silo specification, and applies the theoretical analysis of mathematical modelling. The results of the study showed that: Wheat storage material and steel silos interaction stiffness values range from 0.0025 to 0.01 N/mm3 and 0.003 to 0.015 N/mm3; the value of the lateral pressure on the wall of the silo will be reduced as the radial displacement of the wall of the silo wall increases with the movement outwards; and the wheat storage stiffness of this paper was verified by literature test results. Provides a reference for the stability of steel silos containing wheat storage material in realistic situations.
Optimization of indoor spatial layout in new rural buildings based on multi-objective genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Weiwei
Published: February 2024

To solve the problem of optimizing the indoor spatial layout of new rural buildings, a multi-objective genetic algorithm based research on indoor spatial layout optimization of new rural buildings has been proposed. This paper discusses the importance of new rural construction from the aspects of spatial composition and functional analysis of new rural residential buildings, key planning and design points of new rural residential buildings, and analysis of the characteristics of the new rural housing era.Therefore, it is suggested that the interior design of rural residential buildings in the context of the new rural area should focus on functional zoning design, optimizing lighting design, and improving material levels, ultimately creating a comfortable living environment for rural residents.
Research on Kindergarten Architectural Layout in Hot and Humid Regions Based on Outdoor Thermal Comfort Simulation
Authors: Chen Junchi , Chen Changyong
Published: February 2024

Sufficient outdoor activities are beneficial for the comprehensive development of young children. The high summer temperatures and humidity in hot and humid regions pose a challenge to outdoor comfort. Creating comfortable outdoor spaces for activities is particularly important.This study takes Guangzhou City as an example and summarizes the typical layout forms of kindergarten buildings. The Universal Thermal Climate Index is used as an evaluation metric. Simulation analyses of outdoor thermal comfort are conducted using the Grasshopper platform and Ladybug Tools plugin. The study categorically discusses thermal comfort in different layout forms and establishes single variable factors to further explore the extent to which different design elements affect outdoor thermal comfort. It explores design strategies to enhance outdoor thermal comfort in various layout forms, aiming to provide reliable data and references for the design of kindergarten architectural layouts in hot and humid regions.
Research on the Spatial Renovation Design of the 798 Art District and Ullens Centre for Contemporary Art Guided by Gordon Cullen’s Methodology
Authors: Shao Lingfang
Published: February 2024

This research analyzes the spatial renovation of Beijing's 798 Art District and the Ullens Centre for Contemporary Art (UCCA), using Gordon Cullen's urban design principles. It examines the transition of the 798 District from an industrial complex to an art hub, highlighting its alignment with Cullen's concepts like 'serial vision' and 'sense of place'. This transformation blends industrial heritage with contemporary art to create a dynamic environment. The study also looks at how UCCA's spatial redesigns have enhanced its sense of place and visitor experience, in line with Cullen's principles. A comparative analysis between the 798 District and UCCA shows the synergy of old industrial elements with modern artistic interventions, respecting historical context. The study discusses how design elements in these spaces align with Cullen's vision, emphasizing the importance of these methodologies in urban redevelopment and cultural heritage preservation. This paper contributes to understanding sustainable urban redevelopment and the application of urban design theories.
Impact of Pit Excavation Proximity on Tunnel Integrity
Authors: Wang Kuan
Published: February 2024

This study meticulously investigates the influential dynamics exerted by pit excavation on structures of adjacent underground tunnels, with a specialized focus on the resultant deformation effects attributed to the varying proximities separating the excavation sites from tunnel constructs. Employing rigorous model analyses conducted at designated intervals ranging from 8 meters to 24 meters, the research successfully elucidates a definitive and consistent pattern; it is observed that augmenting the distance between the pit and the tunnel significantly diminishes the extent of tunnel deformation experienced both in horizontal and vertical perspectives. This critical relationship unearthed by the study underlines the paramount importance of adopting meticulously calculated engineering design and the implementation of robust monitoring systems as fundamental measures in mitigating the associated risks prevalent within the expanse of urban underground construction endeavors. Noteworthy within these discoveries is the revelation that horizontal tunnel displacements, in comparison to their vertical counterparts, are markedly more pronounced in their reaction to alterations in the spatial gap that lies between the pit and the tunnel. This distinct sensitivity accentuated in the horizontal displacements signals the imperative for the formulation and application of customized mitigation strategies, specifically honed to address the asymmetrical nature of deformation induced by pit excavation activities in close quarters to tunnel infrastructures. Hence, these insights provide a valuable impetus for stakeholders in the field of construction engineering to incorporate such nuanced understandings into their projects, thereby enhancing the overall stability and safety of subterranean constructions within densely developed urban territories.
The influence of the level of information infrastructure development on carbon emissions
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhuang Zhaoran
Published: February 2024

More and more conventional infrastructure construction leads to an increasement in global carbon emissions due to the release of carbon. However, it is not clear whether the information infrastructure promotes or inhibits carbon emissions. Consequently, this study examines how information infrastructure at the provincial level affects carbon emissions in China. The study used a set of two-way fixed-effect models using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and municipalities from 2013 to 2021.These findings indicate a continuous improvement in the overall progress of information infrastructure development, yet there is also a widening gap between the highest and lowest extremes. Moreover, the level of information infrastructure development in the eastern region clearly surpasses western region’s to a substantial extent. In addition, empirical research has found that there exists a clear "inverted U-shaped" relationship between information infrastructure and carbon emissions. These findings offer both theoretical and empirical support for China's efforts in constructing an information infrastructure that can effectively achieve the "double carbon" strategy.
Carbon Sink Trading Platform Mechanism of PPP Mode of Landscape Architecture Project Based on Carbon Neutralization Concept
Authors: Jyh-Harng Shyng
Published: February 2024

In the context of globalization and environmental changes caused by climate change, countries have been actively investing in promoting carbon reduction systems. Currently, under the dual carbon policy, achieving carbon neutrality and carbon compliance require different strategies. Among them, for the carbon neutrality goal, the carbon sink function of landscape architecture plays a very important role in the carbon trading platform with the introduction of the PPP model. In this study, the relationship between carbon sink and enterprise carbon trading of PPP mode landscape architecture project. It is found that the carbon trading platform plays a key role in the landscape architecture carbon sink project, reduces greenhouse gas emissions through market-based means, achieves the transaction of carbon emission rights and enterprise investment, and at the same time, for landscape architects, helping achieve carbon neutrality is a very important and urgent responsibility and mission.
Que dit la recherche francophone sur l’ETP à domicile ?
Authors: Albano Maria G. , de Andrade V.
Published: February 2024

L’ETP à domicile est une pratique répandue, mais qui ne bénéficie pas encore de la même valorisation que les programmes d’ETP institutionnels. Nous avons interrogé la base de données bibliographiques Lissa et le moteur de recherche Google Scholar sur les recherches publiées en français sur l’ETP à domicile depuis 2009 pour faire le point sur cette pratique. On constate que cette ETP rend des services indiscutables à des patients atteints de maladies chroniques qui n’auraient sans doute pas eu les moyens d’accéder aux programmes d’ETP hospitaliers ou de poursuivre un parcours de soin éducatif initié à l’hôpital. D’un autre côté, certains soins et prestations spécialisées ne se conçoivent pas hors du domicile du patient. Cette éducation est constituée davantage « d’actions d’ETP » que de programmes structurés, elle a l’avantage d’associer les aidants et d’être centrée sur le patient dans son contexte de vie. Elle justifierait une formation spécifique des soignants et devrait également pouvoir prendre appui sur une recherche dont le développement actuel est trop limité.
From Hypertension to Beyond: Unraveling the Diverse Mechanisms of
Olmesartan in Disease Modulation
Authors: Rind Laiba , Mahmood Tarique , Siddiqui Mohammed Haris , Ahsan Farogh , Shamim Arshiya , Anwar Aamir , Yadav Rajnish Kumar
Published: February 2024

Olmesartan, originally known for its antihypertensive properties, exhibits
promising potential in addressing inflammation-mediated diseases. As an
angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), Olmesartan influences pivotal pathways,
including reactive oxygen species, cytokines, NF-κB, TNF-α, and
MAPK. This suggests a viable opportunity for repurposing the drug in conditions
such as ulcerative colitis, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cancer, as supported by
multiple preclinical studies. Ongoing clinical trials, particularly in
cardiomyopathy and nephropathy, suggest a broader therapeutic scope for
Olmesartan. Repurposing efforts would entail comprehensive investigations using
disease-specific preclinical models and dedicated clinical studies. The
drug’s established safety profile, wide availability, and
well-understood ARB mechanism of action offer distinct advantages that could
facilitate a streamlined repurposing process. In summary, Olmesartan’s
versatile impact on inflammation-related pathways positions it as a promising
candidate for repurposing across various diseases. Ongoing clinical trials and
the drug’s favorable attributes enhance its appeal for further
exploration and potential application in diverse medical contexts.
Diagnostik der Darmökologie – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Authors: Rüffer Andreas , Eckert Michaela , Back Julia Larissa , Gollsch Annemarie , Heckers Astrid , Huth Antje , Krause Diana , Niebling Martina , Teibert Adrienn , Uhlein Ronja
Published: February 2024

Die über das Intestinum hinausgehende Bedeutung der Darmmikrobiota ist insbesondere für diverse
chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankungen mittlerweile unbestritten. Viele wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse dazu
basieren auf molekularbiologischen Mikrobiomanalysen aus Stuhlproben. Für die Routinediagnostik sind
allerdings kulturelle Stuhlfloraanalysen vorzuziehen, da sie eine konkrete klinische Bewertung und
gezielte Therapiemaßnahmen ermöglichen. Verdauungs-, Schleimhaut- und Immunmarker im Stuhl geben zudem
Hinweise auf potenzielle und ggf. therapeutisch ebenfalls zu berücksichtigende Einflussfaktoren auf die
Darmmikrobiota.
Protective Effects of Xanthine Derivatives Against Arsenic
Trioxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mouse Hepatic and Renal
Tissues
Authors: Omidifar Navid , Gholami Ahmad , Shokripour Mansoureh , Nourani Mohammad Ali , Mohkam Milad , Mousavi Seyyed Mojtaba , Hashemi Seyyed Alireza , Khorram Bagher , Ahmadabadi Amir Nili , Dara Mahintaj
Published: February 2024

In this study, the protective efficacy of pentoxifylline (PTX) as a xanthine
derivative against arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced kidney and liver damage in
mice was investigated. Thirty-six mice were divided into six groups, receiving
intraperitoneal injections of saline, ATO, PTX, or a combination for four weeks.
Blood samples were analyzed for serum biochemistry, while hepatic tissue
underwent examination for histopathological changes and assessment of oxidative
stress markers and antioxidant gene expression through Real-Time PCR. ATO
exposure significantly increased serum markers (creatinine, ALT, BUN, ALP, AST)
and induced histopathological changes in the liver. Moreover, it elevated renal
and hepatic nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and reduced
antioxidant enzyme expression (CAT, GSR, GPx, MPO, SOD), total thiol groups
(TTGs), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Conversely, PTX treatment
effectively lowered serum hepatic and renal markers, improved antioxidant
markers, and induced histopathological alterations. Notably, PTX did not
significantly affect renal and hepatic NO levels. These findings suggest that
PTX offers therapeutic potential in mitigating liver and acute kidney injuries
induced by various insults, including exposure to ATO.
The Perspective of Using Flow Cytometry for Unpuzzling
Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Signalling
Authors: Patel Vishal J. , Joharapurkar Amit , Jain Mukul R.
Published: February 2024

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that are responsible
for adapting to the changes in oxygen levels in the cellular environment. HIF
activity determines the expression of cellular proteins that control the
development and physiology of the cells and pathophysiology of a disease.
Understanding the role of specific HIF (HIF-1-3) in cellular function is
essential for development of the HIF-targeted therapies. In this review, we have
discussed the use of flow cytometry in analysing HIF function in cells. Proper
understanding of HIF-signalling will help to design pharmacological
interventions HIF-mediated therapy. We have discussed the role of HIF-signalling
in various diseases such as cancer, renal and liver diseases, ulcerative
colitis, arthritis, diabetes and diabetic complications, psoriasis, and wound
healing. We have also discussed protocols that help to decipher the role of HIFs
in these diseases that would eventually help to design promising therapies.
Cascades or salmons? Longitudinal upstream and downstream effects of political participation
Authors: Ohme Jakob , Azrout Rachid , Marquart Franziska , Möller Judith
Published: February 2024

Digitally networked and new, unconventional activities allow citizens to participate politically in activities that are low in the effort and risks they bear. At the same time, low-effort types of participation are more loosely connected to democratic political systems, thereby challenging established modes of political decision-making. This can set in motion two competing dynamics: While some citizens move closer to the political system in their activities (upstream effects), others engage in political activities more distant from it (downstream effects). This study investigates non-electoral participation trajectories and tests intra-individual change in political participation types over time, exploring whether such dynamics depend on citizens’ exposure to political information. Utilizing a three-wave panel survey (n = 3490) and random intercept cross-lagged panel models with SEM, we find more evidence for downstream effects but detect overall diverse participation trajectories over time and a potentially crucial role of elections for non-electoral participation trajectories.
The idea of a theory of values and the metaphor of value-landscapes
Authors: Kaiser Matthias
Published: February 2024

This is a conceptual and methodological paper about improving our notion of human values. While it is recognized that talk of values has become increasingly popular in many walks of life, it is claimed that this is not underpinned by solid scientific contributions or a robust theory of values. Two initial claims set the scene for the paper: (1) there is no generally accepted theory of values, and (2) values are notoriously elusive. However, the paper acknowledges the problem that a better grasp on people’s values is needed for addressing the complex issues of our present-day life. An attempt is made to present an outline for an empirical axiology. After a brief historical overview of value discussions in social theory and philosophy, it is claimed that the empirical study of values needs to get around several hurdles: values-as-truisms, belief in articulated values, belief in deep and hidden values. However, combining several research methods may give first indications of what here is called value landscapes. A conceptual model of values in these landscapes would need to be multi-dimensional, with the tentative characteristics of proximity, intensity, contextuality, and malleability. The paper calls for transdisciplinary research designs to probe these conceptual insights.
Cluster synchronization in a semiconductor laser
Authors: Kazakov Dmitry , Opačak Nikola , Pilat Florian , Wang Yongrui , Belyanin Alexey , Schwarz Benedikt , Capasso Federico
Published: February 2024

Cluster synchronization is a general phenomenon in a network of non-locally coupled oscillators. Here, we show that cluster synchronization occurs in semiconductor lasers, where the beat notes between the pairs of adjacent longitudinal modes of the laser cavity constitute a collection of coupled phase oscillators. Non-local coupling arises from the standing-wave nature of the cavity with finite mirror reflectivities, which we can actively control. Varying the coupling, we can bring the laser into a state of cluster synchronization where the two beat note families oscillate at two distinct collective frequencies. Using a coherent beat note detection technique, we show that the beat notes within the two families are synchronized in the opposite configurations—in-phase and antiphase.
An efficient spectral collocation method based on the generalized Laguerre polynomials to multi-term time fractional diffusion-wave equations
Authors: Molavi-Arabshahi Mahboubeh , Rashidinia Jalil , Tanoomand Shiva
Published: February 2024

In this study, a spectral collocation method is proposed to solve a multi-term time fractional diffusion-wave equation. The solution is expanded by a series of generalized Laguerre polynomials, and then, by imposing the collocation nodes, the equation is reduced to a linear system of algebraic equations. The coefficients of the expansion can be determined by solving the resulting system. The convergence of the method is proved, and some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the scheme. Finally, conclusions are given.
Comparison and research on load characteristics of PM in different permanent magnet synchronous machines
Authors: Zheng Ping , Liang Xiaoyu , Wang Mingqiao , Gao Jialin , Li Wanquan
Published: February 2024

PM enable PMSMs to have higher torque-density and power-density, however the machine performance is closely related to its load characteristics. When the armature excitation does not match the load characteristics of the PM and machine, it can lead to demagnetization and performance degradation. By comparing and studying the IPMSM’s and SPMSM’s load characteristics, a more reasonable machine topology of components such as PM can be obtained, and high-performance machines can be designed more efficiently. Based on the material characteristics of the PM, the armature reaction law of different machines and the demagnetization law of the PM at different current angles were analyzed. There are different magnetic field distribution patterns in IPMSM and SPMSM, and their different load characteristics are compared to study the methods for improving the anti-demagnetization ability of PMs based on different machine structures.
Root symbionts modify biomass of white clover (Trifolium repens) through changes in radiation interception and radiation-use efficiency
Authors: Druille Magdalena , Rosso Marina , García-Parisi Pablo A. , Oesterheld Martín , Omacini Marina
Published: February 2024

Context Root symbionts affect forage production by influencing host plant growth, but their specific effects on canopy intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) and its conversion to plant biomass have not been investigated. Aims We evaluated the extent to which changes in plant biomass resulting from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobia can be explained by alterations in IPAR and aboveground and total radiation-use efficiency (RUE: the ratio between shoot or total biomass and IPAR). Methods Under controlled greenhouse conditions, we evaluated single and dual inoculation effects of AMF and rhizobia on the forage legume white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Experimental units comprised canopies created in trays (50 cm by 34 cm by 13 cm deep). Key results On average, AMF inoculation increased IPAR by 43%, owing to greater leaf area and density, and decreased total RUE by 30%. Aboveground RUE was lower in AMF-inoculated plants without rhizobial inoculation, despite their higher leaf phosphorus status and greenness during the vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively. Rhizobial inoculation reduced the negative effect of AMF inoculation on aboveground RUE. Conclusions Both AMF and rhizobia alter white clover structure and function at canopy level. These variations may not be detected if the analysis considers only the impact of root symbionts on plant biomass. Implications These findings offer valuable insights into the intricate interactions between root symbionts and canopy-level processes, providing a basis for further research at agricultural scale.
Child health nurses’ perceptions of the Family Community-based Assistance Resourcing and Education program in contemporary practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Latham Nicole , Young Jeanine , Wilson Josephine , Gray Michelle , George Kendall
Published: February 2024

Background The Family Community-based Assistance Resourcing and Education Program (FCP) is a nurse home visiting program that was introduced in Queensland two decades ago to redress health inequalities for infants from families experiencing specific social stressors. Locally adapted versions of this home visiting program are still in use, but have not been evaluated. This study examined child health nurse perceptions of the adapted FCP in one regional Queensland health service. Methods A qualitative descriptive exploratory study using two focus groups (conducted May 2019) with Child Health Nurses who delivered the FCP was conducted. Transcripts of digital recordings were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step framework for guided thematic analysis. Results A total of 16 Child Health Nurses participated in the study, with a mean of 10 years’ experience with the program. Data analysis generated 12 themes organised under three domains: ‘Establishing the relationship with families’, ‘What works in practice’ and ‘We could do it better’. Participants cited flexibility, expert input and in-home delivery as key program benefits. However, narrow eligibility criteria, poor screening for perinatal anxiety and resourcing constraints were identified as limitations. Conclusions This study is the first to measure Child Health Nurses’ perceptions of an adapted FCP. It sheds light on their ‘practice wisdom’, including the program’s ability to meet the needs of families with social vulnerabilities. The study supports prior calls for home visiting programs to be evaluated against clearly stated program intentions. Participant insights have been shared to inform practice and program implementation both locally and as part of Queensland’s First 2000 Days health service delivery reform agenda.
Phonon stability boundary and deep elastic strain engineering of lattice thermal conductivity
Authors: Shi Zhe , Tsymbalov Evgenii , Shi Wencong , Barr Ariel , Li Qingjie , Li Jiangxu , Chen Xing-Qiu , Dao Ming , Suresh Subra , Li Ju
Published: February 2024

Recent studies have reported the experimental discovery that nanoscale specimens of even a natural material, such as diamond, can be deformed elastically to as much as 10% tensile elastic strain at room temperature without the onset of permanent damage or fracture. Computational work combining ab initio calculations and machine learning (ML) algorithms has further demonstrated that the bandgap of diamond can be altered significantly purely by reversible elastic straining. These findings open up unprecedented possibilities for designing materials and devices with extreme physical properties and performance characteristics for a variety of technological applications. However, a general scientific framework to guide the design of engineering materials through such elastic strain engineering (ESE) has not yet been developed. By combining first-principles calculations with ML, we present here a general approach to map out the entire phonon stability boundary in six-dimensional strain space, which can guide the ESE of a material without phase transitions. We focus on ESE of vibrational properties, including harmonic phonon dispersions, nonlinear phonon scattering, and thermal conductivity. While the framework presented here can be applied to any material, we show as an example demonstration that the room-temperature lattice thermal conductivity of diamond can be increased by more than 100% or reduced by more than 95% purely by ESE, without triggering phonon instabilities. Such a framework opens the door for tailoring of thermal-barrier, thermoelectric, and electro-optical properties of materials and devices through the purposeful design of homogeneous or inhomogeneous strains.
The structure of theCaenorhabditis elegansTMC-2 complex suggests roles of lipid-mediated subunit contacts in mechanosensory transduction
Authors: Clark Sarah , Jeong Hanbin , Posert Rich , Goehring April , Gouaux Eric
Published: February 2024

Mechanotransduction is the process by which a mechanical force, such as touch, is converted into an electrical signal. Transmembrane channel-like (TMC) proteins are an evolutionarily conserved family of membrane proteins whose function has been linked to a variety of mechanosensory processes, including hearing and balance sensation in vertebrates and locomotion inDrosophila. TMC1 and TMC2 are components of ion channel complexes, but the molecular features that tune these complexes to diverse mechanical stimuli are unknown.Caenorhabditis elegansexpress two TMC homologs, TMC-1 and TMC-2, both of which are the likely pore-forming subunits of mechanosensitive ion channels but differ in their expression pattern and functional role in the worm. Here, we present the single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of the native TMC-2 complex isolated fromC. elegans. The complex is composed of two copies of the pore-forming TMC-2 subunit, the calcium and integrin binding protein CALM-1 and the transmembrane inner ear protein TMIE. Comparison of the TMC-2 complex to the recently published cryo-EM structure of theC. elegansTMC-1 complex highlights conserved protein–lipid interactions, as well as a π-helical structural motif in the pore-forming helices, that together suggest a mechanism for TMC-mediated mechanosensory transduction.
Dynamic fading memory and expectancy effects in the monkey primary visual cortex
Authors: Yiling Yang , Klon-Lipok Johanna , Shapcott Katharine , Lazar Andreea , Singer Wolf
Published: February 2024

In order to investigate the involvement of the primary visual cortex (V1) in working memory (WM), parallel, multisite recordings of multi-unit activity were obtained from monkey V1 while the animals performed a delayed match-to-sample (DMS) task. During the delay period, V1 population firing rate vectors maintained a lingering trace of the sample stimulus that could be reactivated by intervening impulse stimuli that enhanced neuronal firing. This fading trace of the sample did not require active engagement of the monkeys in the DMS task and likely reflects the intrinsic dynamics of recurrent cortical networks in lower visual areas. This renders an active, attention-dependent involvement of V1 in the maintenance of WM contents unlikely. By contrast, population responses to the test stimulus depended on the probabilistic contingencies between sample and test stimuli. Responses to tests that matched expectations were reduced which agrees with concepts of predictive coding.
Hypocrisy, authenticity, and the rhetorical dynamics of populism
Authors: Gill Martin
Published: February 2024

Charges of hypocrisy are a feature of public life: government actions contradict their own commitments;
private failings of public figures are exposed in the media. However, declining trust in politicians has coincided
with the rise of populists vowing to sweep away “elite” corruption – to “drain the swamp” in Donald Trump’s phrase. In
populist rhetoric, the “will of the people” is honest and unambiguous, its disregard for accepted norms proof of its
courage and authenticity. This chapter first proposes a typology of hypocrisy allegations in mainstream British media.
Then, through analysis of examples from coverage of climate activism, it shows how, in populist discourse, allegations
of hypocrisy serve to stifle debate and discredit valid positions, while reinforcing the authenticity of the popular
will.
Core consistency blind source separation based on compressive sensing trilinear decomposition
Authors: Huang Shanshan , Li Zhinong , Wang Chengjun , Gu Fengshou
Published: February 2024

In the traditional fault diagnosis method based on blind source separation, the mechanical signals are required to meet some additional conditions in the process of estimation of mixed matrix and separation of source signals, which may cause many problems in practice application because the mechanical signals do not suffer to these additional conditions. Additionally, the trilinear model has complex construction, high computational complexity, and large storage capacity in the fault source blind separation model with trilinear parallel factors. Based on the above deficiencies, a core consistency blind source separation method is proposed based on compressive sensing trilinear decomposition. In the proposed method, the core consistency diagnostic (CORCONDIA) is used to fit the tensor model, and determine the number of fault sources. The mixed matrix of the observed signal is estimated by the load matrices. Then, the minimum norm method is used to solve the underdetermined blind separation of fault sources. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed method is superior the traditional core consistency blind separation method based on trilinear parallel factor analysis in the underdetermined blind separation. The proposed method can effectively solve the problem that the number of sources is unknown and the number of observed signals is less than the number of source signals.
Low-frequency acoustic edge modes based on a triangular maze
Authors: Liang Xiao , Luo Jiangxia , Chu Jiaming , Liang Haofeng , Meng Daxiang , Zhang Zhi
Published: February 2024

For several years, acoustic topological insulators have received attention due to their unique ability to manipulate acoustic waves. However, acoustic wave manipulation due to acoustic topological insulators is based on Bragg scattering. This results in the wavelength being bounded by the lattice constant. In this paper, a new ultra-low frequency acoustic topological insulator structure is proposed using the labyrinth model in acoustic metamaterials. With a lattice constant of a0 = 60 mm, the unidirectional transmission frequency possessing a topologically protected edge state can be reduced to 684 Hz. This frequency is much lower than that of other structures with equal lattice constants. The length of the resonant cavity can be greatly increased by utilizing a triangular labyrinth structure at the symmetric position. Subwavelength Dirac cones can be constructed in the energy band structure by utilizing the local resonance effect. Topological phase transitions characterized by opposite valley Chern numbers can be achieved by changing the rotation angle of the scatterer. The results of simulations verify the existence of a topology-protected unidirectional transmission edge state on topological boundaries. The research in this paper provides a efficient structure for controlling low-frequency acoustic waves.
A/B-sites disorder-induced relaxor phase transition and inhibit the grain size of BaTiO3 ceramic to enhance energy storage properties
Authors: Babeer Afaf M , Mahmoud Abd El-Razek , Ezzeldien Mohammed
Published: February 2024

The present study introduces a strategy for improving the energy storage performance (ESPs) and enhancing the dielectric breakdown strength (DBSs) of BaTiO3 (BT) via breaking the domain structure caused by A/B –sites cations disorder. Lead-free [(Ba0.85Bi0.06Mg0.06)(Ti1−xZrx)O3] (abbreviate BT-BMZ) (x = 0.0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075) ceramics were used in this study. The substitution of isovalent (Ba2+) by trivalent (Bi3+) in the A-site of BT lattice induced charge misfit and cations disorder. It was balanced by creating barium ion vacancies in the A-site. Replacing Ti4+ with Zr4+ at the B-site of the lattice reduces the tolerance factor (τ), enhances the degree of relaxor phase, and subsequently enhances the DBSs values due to the larger ionic radius of (Zr4+ = 0.72 Å, CN = 6) compared to (Ti4+ = 0.6 Å, CN = 6). Furthermore, the maximum difference polarization (ΔP = Pmax—Pr) is enhanced by the hybridization between Bi3+ 6 P and O2− 2 P instead of Ba2+ 5d and O2− 2 P. [(Ba0.85Bi0.06Mg0.06)(Ti0.95Zr0.05)O3] (BT-BMZ0.05) ceramic (BT-BMZ0.05) exhibit highest recoverable energy storage density (Wrec ∼ 8 J cm−3), energy storage efficiency (η = 86%) and (Eb ∼ 700 kV cm−1). Furthermore, the samples showed wide range stability in the temperature range (25 °C–150 °C ) and the frequency range (2–20 Hz). BT-BMZ0.05 ceramic has significant potential as a viable alternative dielectric for advanced pulsed power capacitors.
Generation of optical cage arrays with tunable dark regions based on magneto-electric dipole antennas
Authors: Xie Zhixiong , Yu Yanzhong , Zeng Yongxi , Chen Musheng , Zhan Qiwen
Published: February 2024

Optical cages have recently received extensive research and attention due to their potential applications in optical cloaking, microscopic imaging, and trapping particles or atoms. However, the creation of a controllable spatial multi-optical cage array with tunable dark regions comes with a great challenge, which limits the effectiveness of the above applications. To this end, we analyze the radiation pattern of a reverse-focused magneto-electric dipole antenna in a 4Pi optical focusing system. It has been found that three-dimensional (3D) optical cages with different dark regions can be produced by using magneto-electric dipoles with different combination coefficients K. Numerical results indicate that the value of K can be employed to adjust the shapes and sizes of the dark regions, and specifically, when K equals 0.8209, it allows the realization of a perfectly spherical dark region with null central intensity and minimal volume. Furthermore, it is possible to flexibly create spatial multi-optical cage arrays with specified orientations, adjustable numbers, and controllable positions by constructing spatial antenna arrays according to practical requirements. This work may enhance its ability to meet the distinct requirements for optical cages across diverse fields and catalyze the advancement of multi-particle optical trapping and manipulation.
Impact of uniaxial strain on physical properties of zigzag graphene nanoribbons with topological defects
Authors: Wang Su-Fang , Liang Jing , Wang Cheng-Yue , Chen Li-Yong , Xie You , Zhang Jian-Min
Published: February 2024

The synergistic regulation mechanism of uniaxial strain, topological defects, edge passivation atom and nanoribbon width on the geometric and electronic structures of zigzag graphene nanoribbons have been studied systematically by first-principles. It is found that the average formation energy and strain energy of X-N
1
N
2-LD-ZGNR (X = H, F and O, as well as, N
1 = N
2 = 3, 4 and 5) increase with the increase of uniaxial strain, and this relationship is also dependent of edge passivation atom species and nanoribbon width. And the edge of 55-LD-ZGNR passivating with O and F atoms is more beneficial than H atom for system stability. The stress–strain curve shows that the limiting strain of zigzag graphene nanoribbon depends on edge passivation atom species and nanoribbon width. The Young’s modulus in the case of ε > 3% and Poisson’s ratio except O-33-LD-ZGNR at ε = 1% of X-N
1
N
2-LD-ZGNR decrease with the increase of the tensile strain, and is dependent of nanoribbon width and edge atom species. And O-55-LD-ZGNR is easier than F-55-LD-ZGNR and H-55-LD-ZGNR to be stretched or compressed. The magnetism is induced in both H-55-LD-ZGNR and F-55-LD-ZGNR, and remains with the increases of uniaxial tension strain. What is more, magnetic property of O-55-LD-ZGNR can be regulated by applying uniaxial strain, and the band gap of the O-N
1
N
2-LD-ZGNR (N
1 = N
2 = 3, 4 and 5) system can be regulated by adjusting the uniaxial tensile strain and nanoribbon width. Our research provides a new method to open the graphene band gap, which can provide some new theoretical guidance for the application of graphene in electronic devices and other fields. The band gap of the O-LD-ZGNDR system is opened as the uniaxial tensile strain increases.
Towards experimental classical verification of quantum computation
Authors: Stricker Roman , Carrasco Jose , Ringbauer Martin , Postler Lukas , Meth Michael , Edmunds Claire , Schindler Philipp , Blatt Rainer , Zoller Peter , Kraus Barbara , Monz Thomas
Published: February 2024

With today’s quantum processors venturing into regimes beyond the capabilities of classical devices, we face the challenge to verify that these devices perform as intended, even when we cannot check their results on classical computers. In a recent breakthrough in computer science, a protocol was developed that allows the verification of the output of a computation performed by an untrusted quantum device based only on classical resources. Here, we follow these ideas, and demonstrate in a first, proof-of-principle experiment the verification of the output of a quantum computation using only classical means on a small trapped-ion quantum processor. We contrast this to verification protocols, which require trust and detailed hardware knowledge, as in gate-level benchmarking, or additional quantum resources in case we do not have access to or trust in the device to be tested. While our experimental demonstration uses a simplified version of Mahadev’s protocol we demonstrate the necessary steps for verifying fully untrusted devices. A scaled-up version of our protocol will allow for classical verification, requiring no hardware access or detailed knowledge of the tested device. Its security relies on post–quantum secure trapdoor functions within an interactive proof. The conceptually straightforward, but technologically challenging scaled-up version of the interactive proofs, considered here, can be used for a variety of additional tasks such as verifying quantum advantage, generating and certifying quantum randomness, or composable remote state preparation.
Electric or gasoline: a simple model to decide when buying a new vehicle
Authors: Ledesma-Alonso René , Becerra-Nuñez Guillermo
Published: February 2024

In this work, a simple methodology to follow the behavior of motorized urban vehicles, from the point of view of personal finances, is presented. Including the acquisition of a new vehicle, the analysis considers the driving distance per week, the average speed, the time spent at rest due to traffic conditions, the evolution of gasoline and electric energy prices, maintenance and services, and local taxes. Herein, two low-range compact vehicles were chosen and compared: one powered by combustion of gasoline, and the other by electric energy stored in batteries. Historical data and trend projections, according to inflation and prices evolution, are taken into consideration. The developed model may help to select adequately a new vehicle, according to the user’s needs. A good choice depends strongly on the usage and traffic conditions, the electric vehicle being suitable for large weekly driving distances and heavy traffic, whereas the gasoline vehicle is preferred for short distances and light traffic. The expenses of the vehicles are compared through time, with different scenarios envisaged according to the user’s resolution to keep the vehicle for the entire lifespan or to sell it quickly.
A posteriori error estimates for the Richards equation
Authors: Mitra K. , Vohralík M.
Published: February 2024

The Richards equation is commonly used to model the flow of water and air through soil, and it serves as a gateway equation for multiphase flows through porous media. It is a nonlinear advection–reaction–diffusion equation that exhibits both parabolic–hyperbolic and parabolic–elliptic kind of degeneracies. In this study, we provide reliable, fully computable, and locally space–time efficient a posteriori error bounds for numerical approximations of the fully degenerate Richards equation. For showing global reliability, a nonlocal-in-time error estimate is derived individually for the time-integrated

H
1

(

H

−
1

)

H^1(H^{-1})

,

L
2

(

L
2

)

L^2(L^2)

, and the

L
2

(

H
1

)

L^2(H^1)

errors. A maximum principle and a degeneracy estimator are employed for the last one. Global and local space–time efficiency error bounds are then obtained in a standard

H
1

(

H

−
1

)
∩

L
2

(

H
1

)

H^1(H^{-1})\cap L^2(H^1)

norm. The reliability and efficiency norms employed coincide when there is no nonlinearity. Moreover, error contributors such as space discretization, time discretization, quadrature, linearization, and data oscillation are identified and separated. The estimates are also valid in a setting where iterative linearization with inexact solvers is considered. Numerical tests are conducted for nondegenerate and degenerate cases having exact solutions, as well as for a realistic case and a benchmark case. It is shown that the estimators correctly identify the errors up to a factor of the order of unity.
A Structured Approach for Treating Calcium Hydroxylapatite Focal Accumulations
Authors: McCarthy Alec D , van Loghem Jani , Martinez Keith A , Aguilera Shino Bay , Funt David
Published: February 2024

Background

Radiesse, a widely utilized calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) dermal filler, has shown effectiveness in soft tissue augmentation and regeneration. As with all dermal fillers, the potential for nodules may arise. Understanding the pathogenesis of these nodules and exploring effective treatment methodologies are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.

Objectives

A literature search was carried out to identify published literature documenting reversal of CaHA nodules. After identification, a consensus panel developed a structured approach, denoted by levels, for applying such reversal methods.

Methods

This concise review presents an algorithmic approach to addressing CaHA focal accumulations (noninflammatory nodules) based on invasiveness, cost, and potential risks based on published literature.

Results

Level 0 involves no intervention, relying on natural degradation for asymptomatic nodules. Level 1 interventions utilize mechanical dispersion techniques, including massage and in situ dispersion, which have demonstrated high success rates, cost effectiveness, and minimal invasiveness. Level 2 introduces alternative modalities such as pharmacological treatments with 5-fluorouracil and corticosteroids, lasers, and experimental approaches. Level 3 represents last-resort options, including calcium-chelating agents, manual removal, and surgical excision.

Conclusions

The article offers a structured approach to managing CaHA focal accumulations.

Level of Evidence: 4
scSemiGCN: boosting cell-type annotation from noise-resistant graph neural networks with extremely limited supervision
Authors: Yang Jue , Wang Weiwen , Zhang Xiwen
Published: February 2024

Motivation

Cell-type annotation is fundamental in revealing cell heterogeneity for single-cell data analysis. Although a host of works have been developed, the low signal-to-noise-ratio single-cell RNA-sequencing data that suffers from batch effects and dropout still poses obstacles in discovering grouped patterns for cell types by unsupervised learning and its alternative–semi-supervised learning that utilizes a few labeled cells as guidance for cell-type annotation.

Results

We propose a robust cell-type annotation method scSemiGCN based on graph convolutional networks. Built upon a denoised network structure that characterizes reliable cell-to-cell connections, scSemiGCN generates pseudo labels for unannotated cells. Then supervised contrastive learning follows to refine the noisy single-cell data. Finally, message passing with the refined features over the denoised network structure is conducted for semi-supervised cell-type annotation. Comparison over several datasets with six methods under extremely limited supervision validates the effectiveness and efficiency of scSemiGCN for cell-type annotation.

Availability and implementation

Implementation of scSemiGCN is available at https://github.com/Jane9898/scSemiGCN.