bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of biofuel from microalgae grown in wastewater- A review
Authors: Palanisamy Karthick Murugan , Bhat Obaid Ahmad , Oteikwu Maria Onyemowo , Govindan Natanamurugaraj , Maniam Gaanty Pragas , Rameshprabhu Ramaraj  , Unpaprom Yuwalee
Published: January 2023

There is an urgent demand for an evolution of renewable energy resources due to the rising global energy demand, resource depletion, growing emphasis on reducing climate change, and resource scarcity. Among many resources, Microalgae are thought to be the cleanest alternative feedstock for biofuels and biorefineries because of their advantages of quick growth, effective carbon dioxide fixation, lack of competition for agricultural production and potable water, and the potential to accumulate massive volumes of lipids and carbohydrates. Therefore, this review has discussed the different wastewater which can support and enhance the growth of microalgae, biosynthesis of lipids, production of biofuels from microalgae, and biochemical properties of biofuel. In order to minimize the accumulation of wastewater to protect the environment from pollution, apply wastewater to grow microalgae to achieve the goal of bio circular economy. This review provides clear details and a summary of the production of biofuel from microalgae grown in wastewater.
Periodontitis prevalence and associated factors: a comparison of two examination protocols
Authors: Lorenzo-Erro Susana M , Andrade Ernesto , Massa Fernando , Colistro Valentina , Asquino Natalia , Moliterno Paula
Published: January 2023

The fact that there are different epidemiological definitions of periodontitis and different evaluation protocols affects the estimate of periodontitis prevalence and of the influence of associated factors. The gold standard for periodontal examination is full-mouth record assessing CAL and PD. However, there are not always sufficient human and financial resources available to apply such assessment for epidemiological surveillance systems. Aim: This study was conducted to compare different protocols and definitions of periodontitis for assessing prevalence and the impact of related factors in adult patients who requested care at the School of Dentistry, UdelaR. Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 410 subjects with a high burden of disease in terms of NCDs and periodontitis. Clinical examination evaluated PD in all teeth and CAL in the CPI sextants (WHO 2013). Four periodontitis criteria were defined based on two examination protocols (WHO 2013 and WHO 1997) and two definitions of epidemiological case. Comparisons were made taking the 2013 WHO protocol as a reference. Results: Comparison of the two examination protocols showed that prevalence was underestimated when the WHO 1997 protocol was used to define moderate-severe and severe periodontitis, by 20% and 60%, respectively. Conclusions: When the severity of periodontitis was not considered, the WHO 2013 protocol did not provide more information on what factors increase the chance of periodontitis. However, when severity was considered, the associated factors were different. Consequently, in a small population, it would be worth using the WHO 2013 protocol, which is the closest to the full-mouth gold standard criterion. Keywords: cross-sectional studies - periodontal index - periodontitis - risk factors - non-communicable diseases
Antibiotic indication in endodontics by Colombian dentists with different levels of training: a survey
Authors: Dias Natasha M , Moreno Jaime O , Alves Flávio RF , Gonçalves Lucio S , Provenzano José C
Published: January 2023

Aim: This study investigated how Colombian dentists with different academic levels indicate antibiotics with therapeutic purposes in endodontics. Materials and method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 559 dentists in the form of an online questionnaire. Results: Three hundred and twenty questionnaires were answered (57.2%). There were significant differences among respondents. For irreversible pulpitis, 140 dentists (43.7%) said they prescribe antibiotics (57.5% of general practitioners, 20.1% of specialists and 38.9% of those with Master’s and/or PhD degrees), while for symptomatic apical periodontitis, 183 (57.2%) did so (74.1% of general practitioners, 28.4% of specialists and 50.0% of those with Master’s and/or PhD degrees) (p < 0.05). Amoxicillin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic, and its association with clavulanic acid was the most often cited for acute periradicular abscess with systemic involvement. Conclusions: The greatest misunderstandings in prescribing antibiotics occurred among general practitioners. Considering all clinical conditions that do not require antibiotics, 60% of general practitioners and 34% of specialists, on average, indicated antibiotics. Keywords: antimicrobial stewardship - dental pulp disease - bacteria - dental infection control - antibacterial drug resistance
Effect of different toothpastes on permeability and roughness of eroded dentin
Authors: Ramos Fernanda SS , Delbem Alberto CB , dos Santos Paulo H , Moda Mariana D , Briso André LF , Fagundes Ticiane C
Published: January 2023

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is characterized by rapid, acute pain arising from exposed dental tubules. Aim: the aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness, tubule occlusion, and permeability of eroded dentin brushed with different toothpastes. Materials and Method: ninety bovine teeth were cut into blocks. Thirty hemifaces were protected with varnish and the other sixty were submitted to permeability tests. Specimens were divided into groups according to the dentifrices: without fluoride (WF), sodium f﻿luoride (NaF), and stannous fluoride (SnF2). The blocks were subjected to a 5-day erosive-abrasive protocol. Surface roughness and dentinal tubule occlusion (n=10) were assessed for both control and test hemifaces of the same sample along with permeability analysis (n=20). Two-way RM ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test were performed (p≤0.05). Results: NaF and SnF2 presented higher roughness than WF. The number of open tubules was higher in WF. Permeability was higher in SnF2, but there was no significant difference between WF and NaF. Conclusions: both fluoride toothpastes occluded dentinal tubules and increased roughness. NaF toothpaste promoted greater decrease in dentin permeability. Keywords: dentifrices - dentin desensitizing agents - dentin permeability - tooth abrasion - tooth erosion
Investigating the impact of endometrial compaction on clinical pregnancy rate in artificial frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles
Authors: ERDOGAN Kadriye , SANLIER Nazlı Tunca , UTLU OZEN Emine , DILBAZ Serdar , KAHYAOGLU Inci , USTUN Yaprak Engin
Published: January 2023

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate sonographic endometrial thickness succeeding the estrogen-only stage and on the day when embryo transfer (ET) occurred in artificial frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles to delve into the effect of endometrial compaction (EC) on clinical pregnancy rate (CPR). Patients and Methods: In the first group endometrial thickness diminished when ET occurred when compared to the end of the estrogen-only phase (n:37). Endometrial thickness increased/did not alter for the second group (n:70). Demographic characteristics were recorded and the following were studied: in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment indications, hormone levels, total antral follicle count, duration of infertility, embryo quality, embryo-fundus distance, endometrial thickness at the end of estrogen-only phase and on ET day, luteal support, CPR. Results: No significant difference occurred in CPRs (n:107). ET, on day 5 was higher in the first group (p
Effect of whey protein derivatives on cell viability, cell migration and cell cycle phases in MCF-7 cells
Authors: AKSOY F. Tutku , YILMAZ Ayse Mine , BICIM Gokhan , YALCIN A. Suha
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study aimed to obtain protein derivatives after treatment of whey proteins with hazelnut oil and olive oil and determined their effects on MCF-7 cells. Materials and Methods: Whey proteins obtained from 6% whey powder were treated with hazelnut oil (HO) and olive oil (OO) at a protein to lipid ratio of 1:10 at 60 ̊C for 120 minutes. The protein derivatives formed with whey protein and HO or OO were applied to MCF-7 cancer cells and healthy fibroblasts. The effects of protein derivatives on cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, wound healing, cell cycle phase distribution and cell cycle related proteins Akt and p21(Waf1/Cip1) expressions were investigated. Results: Cell viability decreased significantly after 24 h of incubation with WP:OO. The percentage of apoptotic or necrotic cells varied between 5-10% and no statistically significant effect was observed. There was no statistically significant difference in ROS production and colony formation between controls and WP:HO or WP:OO groups. Treatment of cells with WP:OO for 24 h significantly decreased cell migration compared to the control group. G2/M phase was significantly suppressed in WP:OO group compared to the control group. WP:OO also increased the expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1) significantly when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our results showed that whey protein derivatives applied to MCF-7 cells are cytotoxic and may be useful in breast cancer treatment.
Upscaling Earth: Material, Process, Catalyst
Authors: Heringer Anna , Howe Lindsay Blair , Rauch Martin
Published: January 2023

Earth building is not only one of the oldest, but also one of the most modern construction methods of our time. What economic, environmental, and social conditions are necessary to make this building method more attractive? In the future, cement – the most important component of concrete – will, like other finite resources, become less viable to produce and significantly more expensive. Considering appropriate alternatives for building materials is imperative. This book presents a wide range of built and unbuilt projects as well as strategies for architecture using earth materials – a construction method that can be adapted to every culture and context. The authors give impressive examples to demonstrate groundbreaking technological innovations that highlight the advantages of this material, from its worldwide availability to its potential for complete recycling and climate-neutral production. The book also includes a focus on socially just implementation, in particular in emerging economies. This book reveals the incredible potential of earthen architecture – for people and for the entire planet.
The Effect of Using Ultrasonography Device Integrated with Artificial Intelligence on Imaging the Injection Area in Peripheral Nerve Block Applications
Authors: Erdem Gökhan , Ermiş Yasemin , Özkan Derya
Published: January 2023

Objective: New devices and software have brought about benefits such as easing the burden of clinicians, preventing time losses and increasing their professional satisfaction. In this study, we aimed to present the effect of the use of artificial intelligence integrated ultrasonography (USG) on the imaging of the injection site in peripheral nerve block applications and the point of view of the clinicians. Methods: In the study, following ethics committee’s approval, 40 volunteer Anesthesiology and Reanimation doctors working in Health Sciences University Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Training Hospital performed selected regional blocks (infraclavicular and PECS) accompanied by conventional USG and artificial intelligence integrated-USG (Nerveblox), and the block area imaging times were recorded. Subsequently, questionnaires about these experiences were distributed and 14 closed-ended questions were asked. In the comparison made according to the physicians’ imaging times of the determined block areas, the t test for independent samples was used, and the statistical significance level was established as p<0.001. Results: There is a significant difference in favor of the use of artificial intelligence integrated-USG in the comparison of the time taken by the physicians participating in the survey to find infraclavicular and PECS blocks reference area with conventional and artificial intelligence integrated-USG (p<0.001). Conclusion: It has been proven in our study that artificial intelligence algorithms will continue to increase and will be one of the important components of diagnostic USG in the coming years. Keywords: Peripheral nerve blocks, ultrasonography, artificial intelligence
Analisis Kandungan Hidrokuinon Pada Krim Pagi, Krim Malam yang Beredar di Online Shop
Authors: Christina Odilia Dea , Rahayu Rosiana Putri
Published: January 2023

Krim pagi merupakan jenis krim wajah yang digunakan saat pagi hari dan Krim malam dirancang khusus untuk memperbaiki sel kulit saat tidur. Banyak pagi dan malam yang dijual melalui onlineshopp dengan efek mencerahkan dengqn cepat. Kandungan pada krim pemutih wajah biasanya yang dapat memberikan efek putih adalah hidrokuinon. Penggunaan hidrokuinon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat kandungan hidorkuinon pada krim malam yang dijual di online shop. Hasil uji kualitatif dengan menggunakan KLT dari 6 sampel krim pagi dan malam yang digunakan semua sampel mengandung hidrokuinon. Terdapat 4 Sampel krim pagi dan malam yang mengandung hidrokuinon dengan kadar pada Krim A (pagi) mengandung hidrokuinon 3,360%, krim B (pagi) mengandung hidrkouinon 3,49%, krim B (malam) mengandung hidrokuinon 2,49%, dan krim C (malam) mengandung hidrokuinon 2,92% tidak sesuai dengan aturan BPOM karena melebihi dari 2%. Terdapat 2 sampel krim pagi dan malam mengandung hidrokuinon dengan kadar krim A (malam) 0,948 % dan krim C (pagi) 1,47% yang tidak melebihi aturan BPOM atau tidak melebihi dari 2%.
Gambaran Hasil Pemeriksaan IMLTD Reaktif Metode CHLIA pada Kasus Reaktif HBsAg dan HCV di UDD PMI Kota Surakarta Tahun 2021
Authors: Safitri Nur Alifah Dina , Laili Ni'mah Hidayatul
Published: January 2023

Hepatitis B merupakan suatu penyakit hati disebabkan oleh virus Hepatitis B yang dapat menyebabkan peradangan hati akut. Hepatitis C termasuk salah satu virus yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada sel-sel hati yang dapat menular melalui darah, Mengetahui gambaran hasil pemeriksaan IMLTD reaktif metode CHLIA pada kasus reaktif HBsAg dan HCV di UDD PMI Kota Surakarta tahun 2021 HBsAg reaktif tahun 2021 metode CHLIA 167, berdasarkan periode waktu bulan Maret, April, Agustus 20 (12,0%), berdasarkan rentang usia 25 – 44 tahun 78 (46,7%), berdasarkan jenis kelamin laki-laki 131 (78,4%), berdasarkan golongan darah golongan darah O 67 (40,1%). HCV reaktif tahun 2021 metode CHLIA 30 ,berdasarkan periode waktu bulan Maret 6 (20,0%), berdasarkan rentang usia 25 – 44 tahun 15 (50,0%), berdasarkan jenis kelamin laki-laki 27 (90,0%), berdasarkan golongan darah golongan darah B 14 (46,7%).
KARAKTERISTIK PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PADI (Oryza sativa L.) AKIBAT PERLAKUAN BAHAN ORGANIK DAN PUPUK HAYATI
Authors: Kantikowati Endang , Yusdian Yudi
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the interaction between doses of organic matter and biological fertilizers on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa). above sea level. The average rainfall is 2,417.4 mm/year and includes type C3 rainfall according to Oldeman. The study used a factorial randomized block design (RAK) method with 3 replications. The first factor is the dose of organic matter (K) which consists of 3 levels of treatment, namely: k1 = 0 tons/ha of organic matter k2 = 5 tons/ha of organic matter k3 = 10 tons/ha of organic matter. The second factor is the concentration of biological fertilizers (H) which is divided into 3 levels of treatment, namely: h1 = 0 ml/l biological fertilizers h2 = 2 ml/l biological fertilizers h3 = 4 ml/l biological fertilizers. The results showed that the treatment dose of organic matter and concentration of biological fertilizers did not interact on all parameters observed. Dosage of 10 tons/ha of organic matter gave a better effect on plant height at 40 DAP. Giving the concentration of biological fertilizer 4 ml/l gave a better effect on the parameters of dry milled grain.
TRAUMATIC BILATERAL FEMORAL FRACTURE AND CONCURRENT VASCULAR INJURY IN A 2-YEAR-OLD CHILD - A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Sahito Badaruddin , Kumar Dileep , Altaf Hina , Zehra Asmat , Syed Bushra
Published: January 2023

Fractures are an ordinary consequence of trauma. Paediatric fractures are rather uncommon because the bony framework is still in its growth phase and therefore compliant to such traumas. The incidence of vascular injuries is also low lying (<1%) in this age group. Nevertheless, management and recovery continue to be a challenge. In this case report, we discuss a 2-year-old child with a traumatic bilateral femoral fracture, a tibial fracture with added vascular injury. Delayed management may give rise to a variety of complications in such a peculiar case. Fortunately, this child is healthy, leading a normal life with no complications.
How frequent are these verbs?
Authors: Goldin Michele , López Otero Julio César , Hur Esther
Published: January 2023

In monolingual (L1) acquisition, children produce target-like subject-verb agreement early in development in both Spanish (Grinstead 1998) and English (Guasti 2002). However, in heritage simultaneous bilinguals (2L1) and child second language acquirers (L2), agreement morphology shows variability (Goldin 2020; Herschensohn & Stevenson 2005) due to age of acquisition (AoA) effects. Lexical frequency is another factor that has been shown to play a role in modulating L1 (i.e. Ambridge et al. 2015) and heritage acquisition (i.e. Giancaspro 2017, 2020), but little is known about its effect in child L2. This study explores the extent to which verb lexical frequency plays a role in the acquisition of verb morphology for bilingual children with differing AoA, comparing 42 2L1 heritage children with 46 L2 Spanish learners with AoA of 5;0. They participated in a Spanish fill-in-the-blanks production task. The results of an analysis focused on singular correr and comer (chosen because they differ in only one phoneme) indicated that responses to comer, the more frequent verb, were more target-like for both groups, and that frequency showed a stronger effect for heritage 2L1 children than for L2 children, while also modulating non-target-like responses. We discuss these findings with implications for bilingual development and education.
FORMULATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL ACNE SOAP USING SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: Gor Tosha , Gondaliya Nidhi
Published: January 2023

Acne, commonly referred to as acne vulgaris, is a chronic skin disease due to abnormalities of sebum production in sebaceous glands caused by staphylococcus epidermis bacteria. Antibiotics that suppress Propionibacterium acnes are the standard acne treatment but are becoming less effective due to the appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains. Acne vulgaris suppresses an individual's self-confidence by causing distress concerning the physical appearance, which affects a significant number of individuals during puberty and is delineated by adolescence. Several treatments have been introduced to decrease the aesthetic and psychological problems caused by acne. Bacterial skin infections are most common, requiring significant attention for treatment and maintaining healthy skin. Alternative and complementary medicine, including medicinal plants, is becoming increasingly popular, also among patients suffering from acne and infectious skin diseases. Medicinal plants have a long history of use and have been shown to possess low side effects. These plants are a reliable source for the preparation of new drugs. Some herbal plant powders have antibacterial activity.

The present study aims to formulate antibacterial poly herbal face soap using Neem powder, Fuller's earth, Lemon peel, Activated Charcoal, Sandalwood powder, Tea Tree Essential Oil, and Tocopherol. The antibacterial activity of the prepared formulation was tested using the agar well diffusion method against the organism Staphylococcus aureus. The prepared polyherbal formulation exhibited an excellent antibacterial effect. The prepared formulation was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters such as organoleptic characteristics, pH, foam height & retention, skin irritation, & high-temperature stability, for which good characteristics were observed. Prepared Polyherbal soap had a good appearance, better cleansing & foaming effect & did not have any side effects.
STRATEJİK ÇEVİKLİK İLE İŞLETME PERFORMANSI İLİŞKİSİ: KAVRAMSAL BİR MODEL ÖNERİSİ
Authors: BULDUM Gökhan , GÖRENER Ali
Published: January 2023

Dünyadaki belirsizlik ortamı ve artan rekabet nedeniyle işletmelerin, faaliyetlerine devam edebilmek, pazar paylarını korumak ve arttırmak için yeni stratejiler belirleyerek doğru zamanda uygulamaları gerekmektedir. İşletmeler yoğun rekabet ortamında faaliyetlerine devam ederken bir yandan da faaliyetleri neticesinde kar elde etmek, ürün ve hizmetlerini daha kaliteli hale getirmek, personel ve müşteri memnuniyetin sağlamak gibi finansal ve finansal olmayan konularla başa çıkmak zorundadırlar. İşletmelerin varlıklarını sürdürmek ve hedefledikleri noktaya gelebilmek için stratejik olarak çevik olmaları önemlidir. Literatürde, stratejik çevikliğin işletme performansına etkisinde inovasyon yeteneğinin aracı, özümseme kapasitesinin düzenleyicilik rolü olduğuna dair öğeler bulunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada önerilen modele ilişkin faktör analizleri gerçekleştirmiş, model revize edilerek hipotez testlerine hazır hale getirilmiştir.
Identity, Belonging, and Christian Community in Protestant Responses to the Aryan Paragraph in Nazi Germany
Authors: Blikstad Emmaline
Published: January 2023

Examining Christianity and its representative denominations and groups in Nazi Germany has led scholars to try to construct how these Christian groups interacted with a government which institutionalized the death of millions. The focus of past scholarship has centered on debates over the extent to which institutional Protestant Christianity and individual Protestants opposed Adolf Hitler’s regime and Nazism. The focus of this thesis examines how four Protestants or Protestant groups employed definitions of what made one a Jewish Christian, what being Jewish meant, and who was included within the larger Christian community in their 1933 responses to the Aryan paragraph. These responses originated from the Lutheran pastor, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, the General Synod of the Protestant Church of the Old Prussian Union, the faculty of theology at the University of Marburg, and the German Christian movement. Though each response to the Aryan paragraph utilized a unique definition of Jewish Christians and Christian community, they all reveal a Protestant church unprepared to answer the questions of belonging and identity posed by its society. In their search for a unified answer to the question of whether a baptized Jew belongs in the Protestant church, Protestants displayed that they had no unified answer. The consequences of not belonging in Nazi Germany could and did lead to discrimination, persecution, and genocide.
Development of conducting paper-based electrochemical biosensor for procalcitonin detection
Authors: Gupta Yachana , Ghrera Aditya Sharma
Published: January 2023

In the present research, an advanced cellulose fiber paper (CFP) based biosensor is developed. This sensor is modified with nanocomposites containing poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the main matrix and functionalized gold nanoparticles (PEDOT:PSS-AuNP@CFP) for the selective and sensitive detection of bacterial infection (BI)-specific biomarker procalcitonin (PCT). Scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction are used to characterize the PEDOT:PSS-AuNP nanocomposite. This biosensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 1.34 μA /pg mL-1 in the linear detection ranges of 1 -20 × 104 pg mL-1, and a 24-day life span for PCT antigen detection. Anti-PCT antigenic protein is used for immobilization for PCT quantification. The results of electrochemical response studies showed that this conductive paper bioelectrode had good reproducibility, stability, and sensitivity in physiological ranges (1 -20 ×104 pg mL-1). Further, the proposed bioelectrode is an alternative choice for point-of-care PCT detection.
Związki między samoregulacją i sposobami radzenia sobie ze stresem a zachowaniami ryzykownymi dorastających dziewcząt
Authors: Brzoza Magdalena , Katra Grażyna
Published: January 2023

Wprowadzenie: Wysokie umiejętności samoregulacyjne oraz efektywnego radzenia sobie ze stresem są bardzo korzystne dla rozwoju dorastających. Mogą pełnić funkcję ochronną przed angażowaniem się w negatywne ryzyko, tak powszechne w okresie adolescencji. Metoda: Celem badań było sprawdzenie związków łączących samoregulację, sposoby radzenia sobie ze stresem i zachowania ryzykowne u dorastających dziewcząt. Wzięło w nich udział 285 dziewcząt w wieku od 14 do 19 lat. Przeprowadzono analizy korelacyjne oraz analizę mediacji. Wyniki: Zgodnie z przewidywaniami odnotowano pozytywne korelacje między samoregulacją a „zaangażowanymi” strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem, a negatywne z reagowaniem bezradnością. Lepszeumiejętności samoregulacyjne i częstsze stosowanie strategii „zaangażowanych” w odpowiedzi na stres były związane z rzadszym angażowaniem się w zachowania ryzykowne negatywne. Niektóre strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem mogą pełnić funkcje mediatorów zależności między samoregulacją a zachowaniami ryzykownymi. Wnioski: Rozwijanie umiejętności samoregulacji i adaptacyjnego radzenia sobie ze stresem może ograniczyć angażowanie się nastolatek w niekorzystne, negatywne ryzyko.
Organic source of nutrients effect on growth, yield and quality of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius)
Authors: NEDUNCHEZHIYAN M , RAVI V , BYJU G , GEORGE JAMES
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Regional Centre of ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, India during 2008-09 and 2009-10 to find out the effect of organic source of nutrients on growth, yield and quality of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson). The experiment consisted of nine treatments (T1 to T9) involving different combinations of vermicompost, farmyard manure, poultry manure, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae, phosphorous solubilising bacteria, Azospirillum and ash and recommended N-P2O5-K2O 80-60-100 kg/ha (T10). Application of 10 t FYM along with 5 t ash, 5 kg Azospirillum and 5 kg PSB /ha (T7) resulted in significantly taller pseudostem, more girth of pseudostem at collar region, wider canopy, more leaflets/hill and leaf area at 3 and 5 MAP. Plants under the same treatment had maximum dry matter in pseudostem, leaf canopy and corm, and corm yield. Application of PSB resulted in greater dry matter production and corm yield than VAM. FYM based organic source of nutrients significantly reduced calcium oxalate in corms.
Bio-efficacy of alone and mixture of herbicides against complex weed flora in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under sub-tropical conditions
Authors: CHAND LEKH , PUNIYA R
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2011-12 and 2012-13 at Research Farm, AICRP on wheat and barley, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu to study the effect of different herbicides and its mixtures on broad spectrum weed management and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Unchecked weeds growth caused 40.13 to 57.18% reduction in grain yield of wheat. The lowest weed density and dry matter of weeds and higher yield and yield attributes were found with application of ready mix formulations of clodinafop+metribuzin (60+210 g/ha), sulfosulfuron+metsulfuron (32 g/ha) and pinoxaden+metribuzin (40+210g/ha). The maximum weed control efficiency and lowest weed index were observed with clodinafop+metribuzin (60+210 g/ha) followed by sulfosulfuron+metsulfuron (32 g/ha) and pinoxaden+metribuzin (40+210 g/ha). The alone application of clodinafop 60 g/ha was significantly reduced the weed density and weed dry weight than alone application of metribuzin 210 g/ha, pinoxaden @ 40 g/ha and sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha but these were significantly lower than weedy check.
Evaluation of nutritional quality of manures: Impact on yield and uptake of nutrients in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and soil properties under Typic Haplustepts
Authors: AISHWATH O P , LAL G , NAIMUDDIN NAIMUDDIN , SINGH BALRAJ
Published: January 2023

A field study was carried out to assess the effect of different organic manures (Vermi-compost, sheep manure and farmyard manure) and Rhizobium inoculation on yield and uptake of nutrients in fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) and soil properties during 2011-12 and 2012-13. Result revealed that yield of fenugreek enhanced by the application of organic manures and seed inoculation with Rhizobium. However, yield obtained with farmyard manure was highest as compared to other inputs and control. The per cent yield increased with these manures and Rhizobium was 11.45, 20.83, 22.22 and 35.42 with Rhizobium, sheep manure, vermi-compost and FYM, respectively. Chlorophyllcontent and uptake of macro and micronutrients in fenugreek and soil available macronutrients were more with FYM. Total chlorophyll content was more at 90 days followed by 30 and 60 days. Uptake pattern of nutrient indicated that N, K, Fe, Mn and Cu accumulation was more in straw than seed. Contrary to it, P and Zn accumulation was more in seed than straw. Straw yield and availability of micronutrients except Mn did not influence either by manures orseed inoculation with Rhizobium. Soil organic carbon was only higher with sheep manure and FYM. Regardless, it has been cited in some of the literature that vermi-compost is always better than any other farm manures, however our results are warranted. The nutritional value of FYM was the best and vermi-compost was found poorest among the commercially available manures used in this study.
From the Frame Tale to Framing Intertextuality
Authors: Stephan Johannes , Gründler Beatrice
Published: January 2023

The application of the term framing to Arabic texts is commonly confined to the frame tale type of which the Arabic tradition produced one of the most popular works, The Thousand and One Nights. This issue transcends the study of the Nights and the associated story-within-a-story trope, moving toward a recon­stitution of the study of the frame tale as part of literary framings more broadly conceived, which include multiple notions and applicabilities. In so doing, “Framing Narratives” aims to fill in a lacuna both in the study of frame tales in the Arabic and other Middle Eastern traditions such as Kalīla and Dimna, Barlaam and Josaphat and the Seven Sages in their different versions and the broadening of the framing category itself.
This introduction presents a comprehensive and cumulative definition of framing narratives including notions of mise en abyme, mise en reflet/mise en série, paratext, and parergon, among others. The overall issue will contain definitory and structural-functionalist attempts, with additional foci on the translingual variation of frame narratives, and the intertextual variation of frames, connecting the realms of adab and poetry, philosophical and anthological genres, and scripture.
Key words: Framing, frame narrative, Arabic literature, Kalīla wa-Dimna, The Thousand and One Nights, allegory of the man in the well, Gérard Genette, Werner Wolf, contextualist narratology
Early Modern Hajj Accounts as Framed Narratives
Authors: Van Leeuwen Richard
Published: January 2023

It is not easy to gather the corpus of Arabic travelogues, as they developed in their diversity during several ages and in many parts of the Muslim world, within a single generic demarcation. This is even more true of hajj travelogues, which on the one hand represent a sub-genre of the corpus of travel literature, but may also be considered a separate genre within the tradition of religious literature. Hajj travelogues have appeared in many different forms which defy strict generic boundaries. In this article the author explores the possibility of conceptualizing hajj travelogues as framed narratives to develop a categorization of the corpus as a separate genre, or at least a substantial sub-genre. He proposes to recognize the interaction between a discursive, religious, frame and a spatiotemporal frame as the main common determinant of the corpus. This interaction could also be a starting point for an analysis of this type of text. Two texts from the seventeenth century are discussed as examples of this approach: the hajj travelogues of the Moroccan scholar al-‘Ayyāshī and the Syrian Sufi and scholar al-Nābulusī.
Key words: Framed narratives, hajj travelogues, genre, travel literature, religious discourse, al-‘Ayyāshī, al-Nābulusī
TRNAtoGo
Authors:   University of Liege, Rapino Francesca
Published: January 2023

Cancer stem cells may remain in an individual’s body even after they have been successfully treated, and the presence of these cells can then lead to the formation of a new tumour. We spoke to Dr Francesca Rapino about her research into the cellular origin of cancer stem cells and its wider implications for the diagnosis of cancer.
Low-Level Determination of Mutagenic Nitrosamine Impurities in Drug Substances by LC–MS/MS
Authors: James Matthew , Edge Tony
Published: January 2023

Since the detection of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in a batch of valsartan in 2018, at levels exceeding ICH acceptable intake limits for mutagenic impurities, the analysis of nitrosamines has become an intense focus point for the pharmaceutical industry. The identification and low-level determination of nitrosamines in potentially affected materials is challenging and requires the application of highly sensitive analytical techniques. This article reviews the chronological development of the story and the regulatory landscape that has evolved. It will then discuss the development of analytical methods for the determination of a series of nitrosamines referenced by regulatory authorities, demonstrating separation of these compounds from the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and looking at how mass spectrometry (MS) can be applied to ensure that the required detection limits can be reached.
Financing Indian Growth: A Case Study of Sonepat District in Haryana**
Authors: Bansal Anjali
Published: January 2023

The paper is based on UGC sponsored major research project recently completed. Major finding of the project has been that the Indian financial sector has failed to assist in the growth process of the economy. Granger causality tests on quarterly data in the framework of VAR and VEC models have been used to establish the results. These results hold at the aggregate economy level and also at the sectoral level. The reasons are to be found in the working of the financial system as experienced by the demand side of loanable funds. The field study conducted under the project has brought out that not only has the system failed to contribute to economic growth but also that its functioning is highly lopsided. Primary data collected through field survey points to a biased allocation of the available funds by the banking system and a substantial presence of the informal sources of credit in the economy. While the informal real sector is the one that primarily contributes to the growth of the Indian economy the dismal reality is that its financial needs are barely served by the mainstream financial sector. This in itself explains the failure of the financial system to contribute to economic growth. Since the finance growth linkages are found to be weak/ absent, an important implication of the result is that controlling inflation in India using tight credit policies can be achieved with minimum costs to growth of the real sector.
The Knowledge Economy in China and Public-Private Partnerships of Universities**
Authors: Kaneva Maria , Untura Galina
Published: January 2023

Since 1995 China officially adopted the Strategy of Revitalizing China through Science and Education to advance towards the knowledge economy. Our paper aims to access China’s progress using international indices of economic and innovation development (Knowledge Economy Index, Global Competitiveness Index, and Human Development Index). We also explore six types of public-private partnerships in innovation activities of the Chinese universities. They are: technology contracts, technology transfer, university-owned enterprises, joint research centers, independent colleges, and university-based science parks. For each partnership we study the role it played in intensification of research and education with an emphasis on government participation mechanisms. Based on the analysis of the official statistics the authors find that the progress of China to the knowledge economy is evident. China’s government played a leading role in the construction of the knowledge economy providing legislation basis and financing. Public-private partnerships in innovation activities in the universities in China significantly contributed to the technological development of the country and the country’s transition towards the knowledge economy. Studying successful experience of the public private-partnerships in the Chinese universities is a first step to possible adaptation of this mechanism in other countries, including Russia.
Measuring the Quality of Corporate Governance – A Review of Corporate Governance Indices**
Authors: Tipurić Darko , Dvorsk Katarina , Delić Mia
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is to provide an insight in to the world of corporate governance quality as well as to shed light on efforts in measuring the quality of corporate governance through an overview of relevant academic and commercial corporate governance indices by. As the paper will show, measuring the quality of corporate governance is still a relatively new concept. The construction of the index for measuring the quality of corporate governance still comes down to simplification of standards or criteria which mainly revolve around three dimensions - compliance, performance and accountability. In contrast to the level of compliance with good governance standards, scientific assessment of the quality of corporate governance remains a mystery.
Determinants of Real Private Consumption Expenditure in Lesotho
Authors: Sekantsi Lira Peter
Published: January 2023

Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration, an error correction model (ECM) is estimated for real private domestic consumption in Lesotho. Lesotho is one of a number of countries with low gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, that are landlocked and of which the national currency is pegged to that of a highly dominant trading partner. Analysis of consumption pattern in such countries is scant in the literature. This paper finds evidence of a long-run relationship between private consumption, income, interest rates, and inflation. The empirical findings suggest that higher income is associated with higher private consumption, higher inflation reduces private consumption and that higher interest rates reduce private consumption, implying that the substitution effect outweighs the income effect in Lesotho in the long term. Although the model is not designed to evaluate consumption theories, the estimated parameters to some extent support the absolute income hypothesis (AIH), relative income hypothesis (RIH), life-cycle hypothesis (LCH) and permanent income hypothesis (PIH).
Metodologías activas en la era digital. Aproximación epistémica al hecho educativo
Authors: Cárdenas Zea Miriam Patricia , Gutiérrez Soto Marcos Vinicio , Oñate Espinoza John Alexander
Published: January 2023

El principal propósito de esta investigación es analizar la influencia de la era digital en las metodologías activas aplicadas a los procesos educativos, generando fortalezas en las competencias digitales y académicas de los estudiantes. Se destaca la relevancia de estas metodologías en la era digital, luego de dos años de la pandemia covid-19, y su transcendencia en el hecho educativo como una manera de optimizar sus procesos. Los usos educativos de las nuevas tecnologías han permitido comprender el alcance que pueden llegar a tener este tipo de metodologías; el desafío se centra en aprovechar las nuevas herramientas que el conectivismo dispone para transformar los procesos tradicionales de la educación a través de esta propuesta metodológica. La enseñanza y el aprendizaje se ven consolidadas por medio de ellas, las cuales no se restringen a una etapa educativa determinada, es decir, que su aplicación puede darse a partir de los primeros niveles de formación hasta la educación superior. Este aprendizaje presenta diversos retos: que los procesos activos se cumplan, y que dicho aprendizaje se dé por descubrimiento e investigación, manteniendo el nivel de atención y motivación de los estudiantes. En cuanto a las conclusiones, se puede destacar que el impacto de la era digital sobre las metodologías activas potencia el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, del aprendizaje autónomo y la adquisición de habilidades investigativas y cognitivas, además, de impulsar la formación científica de los estudiantes a través del enfoque colaborativo.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence to Bridge Multiple Narratives in Disaster Response
Authors: Saldaña Ochoa Karla
Published: January 2023

Disaster response presents the current situation, creates a summary of available information on the disaster, and sets the path for recovery and reconstruction. During the last 10 years, various disciplines have investigated disaster response twofold. First, researchers published several studies using state-of-the-art technologies for disaster response. Second, humanitarian organizations have produced numerous mission statements on how to respond to natural disasters. The former suggests questioning: If we have developed a considerable number of studies to respond to a natural disaster, how can we cross-validate its results with humanitarian organizations’ mission statements to bring the knowledge of specific disciplines into disaster response? To address the above question, the research proposes an experiment that considers both: knowledge produced in the form of 8364 abstracts of academic writing on Disaster Response and 1930 humanitarian organizations’ mission statements indexed online. The experiment uses an Artificial Intelligence algorithm, Neural Network, to perform the task of word embedding––Word2Vec––and an unsupervised machine learning algorithm for clustering––Self-Organizing Maps. Finally, it employs Human Intelligence for the selection of information and decision-making. The result is a digital infrastructure that will suggest actions and tools relevant to a specific scenario, providing valuable information loaded with architectural knowledge to guide the decision-makers at the operational level in tasks dealing with spatial and constructive constraints.
Gaseous Losses of Nitrogen from Rice Field: Insights into Balancing Climate Change and Sustainable Rice Production
Authors: Ferdous Jannatul , Mahjabin Farah , Abdullah al Asif Mohammad , Jahan Riza Israt , Mofizur Rahman Jahangir Mohammad
Published: January 2023

The world is confronted with one of the most difficult tasks of the twenty-first century, satisfying society’s expanding food demands while causing agriculture’s environmental impacts. Rice security is the food security for South Asian countries. Rice production requires a large amount of water and fertilizer, especially nitrogenous fertilizer, where urea works as the primary source of nitrogen (N). Different biogeochemical conditions, such as alternate wetting and drying (AWD), intermittent drainage, agroclimatic conditions, oxic-anoxic condition, complete flooded irrigation,. have severe impacts on GHGs emission and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) from rice fields. For sustainable production, it is a must to mitigate the emissions of GHGs and increase NUE along with cost minimization. But analytically accurate data about these losses are still not quantifiably justified. In this chapter, we will show the proper use of the measured data with suitable results and discussions to recommend the future cultivation system of rice for sustainable production.
Recent Developments in Application of Multiparametric Flow Cytometry in CAR-T Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Man
Published: January 2023

In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has achieved great success in cancer treatment, especially in some hematologic malignancies. Multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) is a key immunologic tool and plays an important role in every step of CAR-T design, development, and clinical trials. This chapter discusses the application and new developments of MFC in CAR-T, including the selection of CAR-T targets, the enrollment of patients, the detection of minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD), the quality evaluation of CAR-T product, the detection of immune cell subsets and cytokines, and the study of immune checkpoint and immune suppressive microenvironment.
Solar Photovoltaic Energy System
Authors: Yekinni Sanusi , Asiata Ibrahim , Hakeem Oyeshola , Mubarak Lawal
Published: January 2023

Solar Energy in term of Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells as one of the promising renewable energy sources which has the potential to meet the future energy demand. The importance of developing different types of renewable energy sources which include solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal and hydrogen gas to supply the energy for sustainable development will present. The different types and the principle of the PV cells fully discussed. The potential applications and futures prospect of the PV solar energy system in the various area of life will be considered and discussed.
Geodiversity as a Tool for the Nature Conservation
Authors: M. Nieto Luis
Published: January 2023

Geodiversity and biodiversity are the two fundamental components of Nature that must be analyzed simultaneously for good management of the natural environment. Geodiversity, including geomorphodiversity, has values that make it possible to define the geosystem services on the basis of which it is possible to establish protocols for the sustainable development of the territory analyzed. Both the values of geodiversity and the geosystem services they provide are key elements for the definition of Natural Protected Areas (NPAs). Furthermore, it is also necessary to consider the assessment of the geodiversity and geomorphodiversity of the territory under consideration, so that a zoning can be established in terms of the geodiversity index (geodiversity/geomorphodiversity gradient) that favors the establishment of specific geoconservation protocols according to the value of these indices. In addition, NPAs should be considered as elements belonging to a network in which the different natural systems of the territory in which the network is defined are represented. In the case of geodiversity or geomorphodiversity, the network must be supported by the definition of geological contexts, representative of the major geological units that are observable in the territory.