bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emissions of CO2 in the European Union: Empirical analysis of demographic, economic and technological factors
Authors: Petrovic Predrag , Nikolic Goran , Ostojic Ivana
Published: December 2018

Greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) and global climate change phenomena have been top priorities on the agenda of highest-level policy makers for a long period of time now. Scientists are well-familiarised with the fact that use of fossil fuels, such as oil derivatives and coal, is the main generator of harmful gases. In addition, possible substitutions for fossil fuels in the form of other energy sources are very limited, and it should be remembered that other energy sources also have certain adverse environmental effects. Bearing in mind climate change caused by products of fossil fuels combustion, as well as inevitable depletion of natural crude oil resources, management of growing global energy demand becomes one of the key goals and challenges of 21st century. This study is dedicated to lightening up of most significant demographic, economic and technological indicators of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 28 EU member states in the period between 1991 and 2014. The research results, based on logarithmic STIRPAT model and application of econometric techniques on unbalanced panel data sample of 587 (247) observations, indicate that impact of GDP per capita is statistically significant and positive. An increase in GDP per capita growth rate of 1% leads to increased CO2 emissions growth rate ranging between 1.10% and 1.15%. The results unequivocally suggest positive impact of energy intensity to CO2 emissions. Increased growth rate in relative energy consumption of 1% results in increased CO2 emission growth rate ranging between 1.07% and 1.09%. This analysis reinforces the conclusions of numerous empirical studies that impact of population on CO2 emissions is significant and positive. An increase in demographic growth rate of 1% implies increased CO2 emission growth rate ranging between 0.74% and 1.02%. In other words, low fertility rate in the European Union might have positive effect on CO2 emissions reduction. In addition, possibility that elasticity of CO2 emission growth rate in relation to population growth rate is changed depending on the size of population growth rate is rejected on the basis of obtained findings. Impact of gross value added of manufacturing and demographic variables representing the population age structure (share of children and adolescents younger than 14 and share of working age population in total population) is not estimated as statistically significant. Finally, the result that average household size does not determine the CO2 emission should be construed very carefully, since it was obtained on quite small sample, thus questioning representativeness and validity thereof.
A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the plaque removal efficacy of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush versus a sonic toothbrush in orthodontic patients using digital imaging analysis of the anterior dentition
Authors: Erbe Christina , Jacobs Collin , Klukowska Malgorzata , Timm Hans , Grender Julie , Wehrbein Heinrich
Published: December 2018

Objective:

To compare the plaque removal efficacy of an oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush with an orthodontic brush head versus a sonic toothbrush in adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Materials and Methods:

This was a randomized, examiner-blind, replicate single-use, two-treatment, four-period, crossover study with a washout period between visits of approximately 24 hours. Forty-four adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliances in both arches were randomized based on a computer-generated randomization schedule to one of four toothbrush treatment sequences. The primary outcome was plaque score change from baseline, measured using digital plaque imaging analysis.

Results:

Baseline plaque levels for both brush treatments were high, covering more than 50% of the tooth area. Effective plaque removal was observed with both brush treatments (P < .001); however, the reduction in plaque with the oscillating-rotating toothbrush was statistically significantly greater (P = .017) compared with the sonic toothbrush.

Conclusions:

The study provides evidence for more effective plaque-removing efficacy of the oscillating-rotating toothbrush versus the sonic toothbrush among orthodontic patients.
Clinical Evaluation of Two Different Prevention Programs in Adults Depending on Their Caries Risk Profile: One-year Results
Authors: Achilleos E , Rahiotis C , Kavvadia K , Vougiouklakis G
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the management of incipient caries lesions in adults with two preventive protocols. A total of 44 adult patients with high, moderate and low caries risk with 516 incipient caries took part in the study. These patients were assessed for caries with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria and were then divided into three groups depending on their caries risk profile: a high-risk group (group A), a moderate-risk group (group B), and a low-risk group (group C). Participants in each group were further divided randomly into two subgroups. In subgroups A1, B1, and C1, an intensive preventive protocol was applied, while in subgroups A2, B2, and C2, the protocol consisted only of instructions in oral hygiene. The invasive-intensive protocol included the topical application of fluoride, brushing with 5000-ppm fluoride toothpaste, use of amorphous calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide, applications of sealants for occlusal lesions (ICDAS code 2), and minimal resin restorations for occlusal lesions (ICDAS code 3). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of lesions (baseline and after one year) in the high-risk and moderate-risk groups that received the intensive protocol (groups A1 and B1), while the control groups were statistically significant different (groups A2 and B2). In the low-risk group, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of lesions (groups C1 and C2). The two different preventive protocols in the high- and moderate-risk groups presented differences in effectiveness, while in the low-risk group, no significant difference was demonstrated.
Impact of Recently Developed Universal Adhesives on Tensile Bond Strength to Computer-aided Design/Manufacturing Ceramics
Authors: Liebermann A , Detzer J , Stawarczyk B
Published: December 2018

Objectives:

The aim of this investigation was to test the tensile bond strength (TBS) between different computer-aided-design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramics after conditioning using different universal adhesive systems and resin composite cement.

Methods and Materials:

Substrates of four CAD/CAM ceramics—1) VITABLOCS Mark II, 2) Initial LRF, 3) Celtra Duo, and 4) IPS e.max CAD (N=648, n=162)—were fabricated. VITABLOCS Mark II and Initial LRF were etched using 9% hydrofluoric acid for 60 seconds, Celtra Duo for 30 seconds, and IPS e.max CAD for 20 seconds. Substrates for conditioning using Monobond Etch & Prime were untreated. The following adhesive systems were used: All-Bond Universal (ABU), Clearfil Universal Bond (CUB), G-Multi Primer (GMP), iBond Universal (IBU), Monobond Etch & Prime (MEP), Monobond Plus (MBP), One Coat 7 Universal (OCU), Prime&Bond Active (PBA), and Scotchbond Universal (SBU). Conditioned substrates were bonded using a resin composite cement (Variolink Esthetic DC), thermal cycled (20,000×, 5°C/55°C), and TBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis with partial eta-squared, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman-Rho tests (α=0.05).

Results:

ABU, MEP, and MBP obtained the significantly highest TBS, while CUB, IBU, and OCO resulted in the lowest, regardless of the CAD/CAM ceramic. SBU showed varying TBS results depending on the CAD/CAM ceramic used. ABU, MEP, and MBP showed no impact of CAD/CAM ceramic on TBS values. ABU, GMP, MEP, and MBP showed predominantly cohesive failure types in luting composite, while CUB and OCU demonstrated adhesive failure types.
Ny publikation: Exploring the Dual Nature of Engineering Education
Authors: Edström Kristina
Published: December 2018

Kristina Edström (2017). Exploring the dual nature of engineering education: Opportunitiesand challenges in integrating the academic and professional aspects in the curriculum.Doktorsavhandling i Teknik och lärande, KTH. http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1155372&dswid=3710
The The skillset of professional studio musicians in the German popular music recording industry
Authors: Herbst Jan-Peter , Albrecht Tim
Published: December 2018

Among the professional roles in the recording industry, studio musicians have received relatively little academic attention. Who has played on a record and who has developed the rhythms, melodies and fills are secrets that remain hidden behind closed studio doors. Since the little public media available mainly recollects memories of past stars or musical developments from more than twenty years ago, little is known about more recent biographies, individual skills and working practices of average studio musicians from different parts of the world. Against this backdrop, the present study explored the skillset of studio musicians in Germany’s popular music recording industry. The interviewees provided rare insights into their careers, expressed their views on technological developments and depicted their economic realities. With increasing power and affordability of music production resources, new business models for studio musicians were developing along with a change of skills. For a long time, the successful studio musician had incredible playing skills, stylistic flexibility and was an excellent sight-reader. These requirements seem to have shifted; today’s musicians must have a broader skillset and be experts beyond their instruments. A repertoire of ideas and sounds to be offered spontaneously in a recording session are highly valuable next to empathy, social skills and a likeable and humble personality. The musicians must be both unique and flexible to serve a project and compete with the many fellow musicians and programmers of computer instruments.
Large-scale implementation and adoption of the Finnish national Kanta services in 2010–2017: a prospective, longitudinal, indicator-based study
Authors: Jormanainen Vesa
Published: December 2018

In Finland, implementation and adoption of the national Kanta services’ second phase services were carried out step-by-step from May 2010 till December 2017. The Kanta services currently include integrated, interoperable health information from EMR, EHR, PHR and social welfare sources that can benefit patients, care providers and policy makers. In Finland, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health steers the Kanta services, and was responsible of the first phase implementation activities since July 2007. For the second phase of implementation and adoption of the services, a new national operational coordination function was established by law in January 2011. The adoption and implementation of the Kanta services would not have been possible without joint efforts of stakeholders and provision of adequate (state) funding. A set of indicators for various prospective, longitudinal monthly follow-up were used. The current principal Kanta services include My Kanta Pages (since May 2010), Prescription Centre (May 2010), Pharmaceutical Database (May 2010), Patient Data Repository and Patient Data Management Service (November 2013), Kelain (September 2016), and Client Data Archive for Social Welfare Services (May 2018) and Kanta Personal Health Record (May 2018).
Identificación de Instrumentos Musicales de Cuerdas Pulsadas de la Región Andina Colombiana en Solo, Mediante Técnicas de Aprendizaje de Máquina
Authors: Tobon Gonzalez Indira juliana , Cortés Osorio Jimmy Alexander
Published: December 2018

Son muchos los estudios propuestos sobre la identificación de instrumentos musicales, pero ninguno ha estado enfocado en instrumentos de cuerda pulsada de la región andina colombiana como lo son: tiple, tiple requinto, guitarra y bandola. Por ello, se propone la identificación de estos utilizando técnicas de aprendizaje de máquina tales como Análisis discriminante, Árbol de Decisión, kNN, SVM, ANNs y utilizando tres métodos de reducción de datos: Feature Selection; PCA con 1, 100 y 1000 componentes principales; y extrayendo las cinco primeras frecuencias parciales junto a sus amplitudes normalizadas. Esta investigación se realizó usando una base de datos de 1000 grabaciones de audio monofónicas, construida a partir del registro de las notas de la primera posición de cada instrumento en formato WAV. Se utilizó como Método de Validación Cruzada con un k igual a cinco para realizar las Matrices de Confusión y Curvas ROC. La mejor Exactitud se alcanzó con ANNs que tuvo un porcentaje de 99,8% en la identificación, además las curvas ROC mostraron un área bajo la curva muy cercana a uno para la guitarra.
Phylogenetic of Ornamented Chilli Based on the Fruit Morphology and Molecular Marker using OPA-12 Primer
Authors: Ferniah Rejeki Siti , Kusdiyantini Endang , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: December 2018

There are many varieties of ornamental chilli that may different from their ancestor and cause genetic variability. This research aims to determine the relationship of ornamental chillies in Indonesia based on their fruit morphology and RAPD-PCR. Morphological was analysed by description method, while molecular was analysed by RAPD-PCR using OPA 12 primer. Result showed that Katty, Naga Morich, Big Black Mama, and Yellow Primo were Capsicum chinense based on their morphology and RAPD-PCR using OPA-12 primer.
The Difference of Students’ Mathematical Communication Ability Taught by Cooperative Learning Model Think Talk Write Type and Numbered Head Together Type
Authors: Siahaan Meiva Marthaulina Lestari , Napitupulu E. Elvis
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this research was to know there was any difference in student’s mathematical communication ability in cooperative learning Think TalkWrite (TTW) type and Numbered Head Together (NHT) type. The population was all students at SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam. The sample was two classes which each consist of 36 students, VII A as experimental class I which taught by TTW and VII B as experimental class II which taught by NHT. The sample was taken by cluster random sampling. Collecting data technique of this research was mathematical comunication ability essay test that was given in the end of learning either in experimental class I or experimental class II. From the data analysis of each of experimental class were obtained that the average of posttest score in TTW classroom was higher than in NHT classroom. It was also obtained that score of mathematical communication indicators in TTW classroom was higher than in NHT classroom. From the data analysis of posttest score by using t-test with significance level α = 0.05, it was obtained that tcount = 4.687 and ttable = 1.667. It means that tcount > ttable then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. So, it can be concluded that there was difference of student’s mathematical communication ability who taught by cooperative learning model type TTW with NHT at SMP Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam.
Pendekatan Matematika Realistik dengan Bantuan Puzzle Pecahan untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Firdaus Achmad
Published: December 2018

There are still many students who have difficulties in learning fractions, because instructional is often delivered with abstract which is dominated by formal methods. Therefore, a new approach is needed, accompanied by adequate learning media to overcome the problems mentioned above. A realistic mathematical approach with the help of fractional puzzles was designed to help students to explain the abstract situations of a problem into a realistic form then developed to direct students to mathematically search solutions. The place of this study was in SD al Muslim Tambun with the research subjects of the fourth grade students of Ibnu Rusyd 2015/2016 Academic Year as many as 28 students. This is a Class Action Research with 2 trial cycles. The data was analyzed by comparing conventional techniques without learning media with realistic mathematical approaches with the help of fractional puzzles. The results shows that in the first cycle experiment there was an increase in the average value of learning outcomes of 15.64% with an average grade of 75.4. Then in the second cycle experiment there was an increase in the average value of student learning outcomes by 23.31% with an average grade value of 80.4. It can be concluded that the realistic mathematical approach with the help of fractional puzzles can increase the value of student learning outcomes in fraction addition material with the same denominator in elementary school.
Sinergi Project Based Learning dan Pembelajaran Bermakna untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika
Authors: Setyowati Nuning , Mawardi Mawardi
Published: December 2018

Mathematics was a lesson that must be published in all levels of education. So, the competence of mathematics should be understood by students. However, there were some problems on student’s mathematics learning outcomes at the first semester in 4th grade of SDN Gendongan 02. There were 39 students, but only 46% (18 students) got score above minimum completeness criteria (KKM). While 54% (21 students) got score under the KKM. The aims of this reseacrh was to increased the mathematics learning outcomes through the synergy of project based learning and meaningful learning. The type of this research was action research by using stringer model. This research held in two cycles with three stages. The stages consist of look, think, and act. The data collection used some instruments such as test, observation sheets, and field notes. The technique of data analysis used comparative descriptive technique. The subjects of the research were students in 4th grade of SDN Gendongan 02. The result of completeness mathematics learning outcome in the first cycle was 72,5% and in the second cycle was 80%. Student’s mathematics learning outcomes in the second cycle were better than the mathematics learning outcomes in the first cycle. Based on the result, the synergy of project based learning and meaningful learning can increase mathematics learning outcomes. Therefore, the synergy of project based learning and meaningful learning were suggested to be applied at mathematics.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 di Kelas IV Tema 9 Subtema 1
Authors: Anugraheni Indri , Kristin Firosalia
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop 2013 Curriculum-based learning media. This type of research is development research. The data analysis technique used in this study is to perform instrument validation in accordance with the criteria of the learning instrument validation indicator and then describe the results of data analysis. The product produced from this development research is 2013 Curriculum-Based Learning Media. The results of the analysis shows that the learning media developed in the sub-theme "My food is healthy and nutritious" learning 1, learning 2, learning 3, learning 4, learning 5, and learning 6 are in "Very Good" category.
Peningkatan Kecakapan Berkomunikasi Dan Hasil Belajar PKn Siswa Kelas 6 dengan Talking Stick Berbantuan Salindia
Authors: Kristanti Hana Septina
Published: December 2018

This study aims to improve communication skills and learning outcomes of Civics in Grade 6 students of SDN Dukuh 03 Salatiga with the application of the Talking Stick assisted h slideshow. This type of research is classroom action research. The location (setting) in this study is grade 6 SDN Dukuh 03 Salatiga. The subjects of the study were 28 students in 6th grade. The object of this research is communication skills and Civics learning outcomes. This research was carried out in 2 cycles. This study was declared successful if the average achievement of indicators of communication skills and classical completeness of student learning outcomes in the good category (60% -75%), very good (76% -99%), or special (100%). The results of the study show that the implementation of the slideshow-assisted Talking Stick in the Civics learning process can improve communication skills and Civics learning outcomes. The communication skills have increased by 23.8% from pre-cycle to cycle 1 meeting 1. Cycle 1 meeting 2 increased 8.34% from cycle 1 meeting 1. Students' communication skills increased from cycle 1 meeting 2 to cycle 2 meeting 1 by 6.75%. Increased again by 7.93% from cycle 2 meeting 1 to cycle 2 meeting 2. Increased student communication skills proved to be able to improve student learning outcomes in Civics learning. In the pre cycle, only 13 students (46.43%) were completed, the remaining 15 students (53.57%) were not completed. In cycle 1, there were 16 students (57.14%) completed, while 12 students (42.86%) were not completed. After the cycle 2 action was carried out, as many as 22 students (78.57%) were completed and 6 students (21.43%) were not completed.
Pengembangan Pengembangan Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Pelayanan BK di Sekolah
Authors: Mafirja Sulma
Published: December 2018

Abstrak: Pendidikan karakter merupakan salah satu gerakan pendidikan di sekolah untuk memperkuat karakter siswa melalui harmonisasi olah hati (etika), olah rasa (estetika), olah pikiran (literasi), dan olah raga (kinesteti) dengan dukungan melibatkan publik dan kerja sama antar sekolah, keluarga, dan masyarakat. Sementara layanan bimbingan dan konseling merupakan salah satu program layanan yang turut andil dalam pelaksanaan program di sekolah. Sehingga diharapkan implementasi penguatan pendidikan karakter melalui pelayanan BK di sekolah dapat dilaksanakan dan diterapkan dengan efektif dan efesian, agar dapat mencapai tujuan yang lebih optimal bagi perkembangan nilai-nilai karakter yang ada pada peserta didik.
A educação física escolar brasileira e boliviana baseadas nos documentos institucionais de educação: dados preliminares e perspectivas
Authors: Rosa Ana Claudia Guilherme da , Golin Carlo Henrique
Published: December 2018

Esta síntese apresenta alguns dados preliminares e perspectivas de uma pesquisa em andamento, vinculada ao Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC), financiado pela Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). A pesquisa se caracteriza como uma análise documental, tendo como objetivo geral compreender como se normatizam os diferentes documentos oficiais de Educação vinculados à disciplina de Educação Física em dois países, neste caso o Brasil e a Bolívia. Também esperamos compreender no futuro como esses documentos orientam e influenciam as práticas da área nestes diferentes contextos.
Análise do perfil do estado de humor de atletas de ginástica artística
Authors: Varardi Carlos Eduardo Lopes , Moraes Mayra Grava de , Barreto Patricia Marques , Maffei Willer Soares , De Marco Ademir
Published: December 2018

O “treinamento excessivo” ou overtrainning se dá por uma exposição prolongada a determinados estressores, a qual refere-se a um ciclo curto de treinamento, em que os atletas são submetidos a uma sobrecarga intensa, próximas da capacidade máxima.
Incidence of and risk factors for major complications or death in dogs undergoing cytoreductive surgery for treatment of suspected primary intracranial masses
Authors: Kohler Rickard J. , Arnold Susan A. , Eck Daniel J. , Thomson Christopher B. , Hunt Matthew A. , Pluhar G. Elizabeth
Published: December 2018

OBJECTIVE To determine incidence of and risk factors for major complications occurring in dogs within 30 days after cytoreductive surgery performed by a single pair of surgeons for treatment of suspected primary intracranial masses.

DESIGN Retrospective cohort study.

ANIMALS 160 client-owned dogs that underwent cytoreductive surgery for treatment of suspected primary intracranial masses between January 2009 and December 2015 at a veterinary teaching hospital.

PROCEDURES Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for complications occurring within 30 days after surgery. Data (eg, signalment, clinical signs, previous treatments, preoperative neurologic examination findings, neuroanatomical location, time from onset of clinical signs to surgery, surgical approach, and histopathologic diagnosis) were analyzed for associations with death and with development of major complications other than death.

RESULTS 21 (13.1%) dogs died (11 during hospitalization and 10 after discharge) and 30 (18.8%) developed major complications other than death during the first 30 days after surgery. Dogs with abnormal preoperative neurologic examination findings were more likely to develop complications or die. Dogs undergoing a suboccipital approach were more likely to die. The most common postoperative complications other than death were seizures (n = 18 [11.3%]), worsening of neurologic status (6 [3.8%]), and aspiration pneumonia (6 [3.8%]).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of the present study provided valuable information on predisposing factors, odds of major complications or death, and incidences of major complications or death in dogs during the first 30 days after undergoing cytoreductive surgery for treatment of suspected primary intracranial masses. Careful case selection may help improve outcomes and minimize complications.
Perforating foreign body in the ventriculus of a pet pigeon (Columba livia domestica)
Authors: Laniesse Delphine , Beaufrère Hugues , Mackenzie Shawn , Singh Ameet , Samman Ayman , Susta Leonardo
Published: December 2018

CASE DESCRIPTION A 2-year-old female pigeon was evaluated because of a 5-day history of lower than typical activity level, weight loss, and polyuria.

CLINICAL FINDINGS Whole-body radiography revealed a linear metallic foreign body in the area of the ventriculus. Fluoroscopy followed by contrast-enhanced CT was performed to further characterize the lesion location, revealing that the foreign body had perforated the ventral aspect of the ventriculus wall and that the ventral extremity of the foreign body was surrounded by a mass, consistent with a granuloma.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME A midline celiotomy was performed, and a large granuloma was identified ventral to the ventriculus, adherent to the dorsal aspect of the keel bone. The metallic foreign body (a nail) was removed, and the content of the granuloma was debrided. Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (150 mg/kg [68.2 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h for 10 days), meloxicam (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h for 5 days), and sucralfate (100 mg/kg [45 mg/lb], PO, q 8 h for 10 days) were prescribed. The pigeon made a successful recovery and was still doing well at a 1-year recheck evaluation.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although traumatic gastritis in pigeons has been reported, use of advanced diagnostic imaging for the pigeon of this report facilitated identification of the precise nature of the lesion and, therefore, surgical planning. The outcome for this pigeon suggested that successful resolution of traumatic gastritis may be possible in other affected birds with surgery.
Factors associated with yearling bulls passing subsequent breeding soundness evaluations after failing an initial evaluation
Authors: Monday Jessica D. , Larson Robert L. , Theurer Miles E. , White Brad J. , Tucker Sharon
Published: December 2018

OBJECTIVE To determine the proportion of yearling beef bulls classified as satisfactory potential breeders when reevaluated after failing an initial breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) and identify any factors at initial BSE that predicted satisfactory performance at reevaluation.

DESIGN Retrospective observational study.

ANIMALS 2,064 beef bulls between 11 and 14 months of age at first BSE, evaluated from 2006 to 2014.

PROCEDURES For each bull, data on age (categorized by month), breed, and BSE findings were extracted from the medical records. Bulls were classified as satisfactory potential breeders if they met Society for Theriogenology standards at the initial BSE or up to 2 subsequent reevaluations. Generalized linear mixed models were generated to assess potential associations between certain variables at initial BSE and passing that evaluation or passing subsequent BSEs after initial failure.

RESULTS 1,921 of 2,064 (93.1%) yearling bulls passed 1 of up to 3 BSEs. The proportion of yearling bulls that were not classified as satisfactory during initial BSE but were later classified as satisfactory was 143 of 287 (49.8%). A significant interaction was identified between bull age and breed in the probability of passing the initial evaluation. No variable, including breed, age, scrotal circumference per day of age, and spermatozoa morphology at initial BSE, significantly predicted passing subsequent reevaluations after failing an initial BSE.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Age and breed information should be considered when deciding the age at which initial BSE should be scheduled for a yearling bull cohort.
Use of equine amniotic membrane free-island grafts for treatment of a midstromal corneal ulcer and descemetocele in a snow leopard (Panthera uncia)
Authors: Knollinger Amy M. , McDonald Jessica E. , Carpenter Nancy A. , Crook Erika K.
Published: December 2018

CASE DESCRIPTION A 7-year-old sexually intact female snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was examined because of blepharospasm, periocular discharge, ventral deviation of the upper eyelid cilia, third eyelid prolapse, and corneal opacity of the right eye.

CLINICAL FINDINGS An ophthalmic examination performed with the patient anesthetized revealed a 3 × 3-mm ulcer that extended approximately 60% of the depth of the right cornea and was accompanied by perilesional and intralesional cellular infiltrates and active vascularization. The upper eyelid of the right eye also had a previously repaired coloboma resulting in trichiasis.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Surgical intervention was elected after 5 weeks of medical management including topical administration of autologous serum and topical, subconjunctival, and systemic administration of antimicrobials failed to yield any improvement in the ulcer. Equine amniotic membrane free-island graft placement and eyelid revision surgeries were performed. Two and a half weeks later, a descemetocele was diagnosed ventrolateral to the original ulcer, and a second equine amniotic membrane free-island grafting procedure was performed. Both grafts healed without further intervention.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE Equine amniotic membrane free-island grafts were used to successfully repair a corneal ulcer and descemetocele in a snow leopard. The grafting procedure spared the affected globe and resulted in satisfactory cosmesis and functional vision. This procedure should be considered as an option for corneal repair in nondomestic species for which postoperative care and medical treatment options are limited.
Aging concrete structures: a review of mechanics and concepts
Authors: Wan-Wendner Roman
Published: December 2018

The safe and cost-efficient management of our built infrastructure is a challenging task considering the expected service life of at least 50 years. In spite of time-dependent changes in material properties, deterioration processes and changing demand by society, the structures need to satisfy many technical requirements related to serviceability, durability, sustainability and bearing capacity. This review paper summarizes the challenges associated with the safe design and maintenance of aging concrete structures and gives an overview of some concepts and approaches that are being developed to address these challenges.
Avian poxvirus infection in Polish great tits (Parus major)
Authors: Kozdruń Wojciech , Styś-Fijoł Natalia , Czekaj Hanna , Indykiewicz Piotr , Sandecki Rafał , Niczyporuk Jowita Samanta
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Avian poxvirus infections are widespread in the domestic poultry population but are also reported in wild birds. In poultry, these infections cause significant economic losses, while wild birds may be a reservoir for poxvirus which affects breeding poultry. However, wild birds may also exhibit characteristic anatomopathological changes. This study concerns the infection of wild-living great tits (Parus major) with the avian poxvirus in Poland.

Material and Methods: Samples of internal organs and skin collected from great tits were homogenised and total cellular DNA was isolated. In PCR, the primers complementary to gene encoding the core protein 4b of the HP44 strain of fowl poxvirus (FPV) were used.

Results: After electrophoresis in 2% agarose gel, the PCR product of 578 bp characteristic for FPV was obtained in DNA samples isolated from skin lesions and the heart. The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the virus strain showed 99% similarity to many poxviruses previously isolated from great tits and other free birds at various sites in the world.

Conclusions: This paper is the first clinically documented evidence obtained in laboratory conditions of avian poxvirus cases in great tits in Poland.
Representational Systems in Zoosemiotics and Anthroposemiotics Part I: What Have the So-Called “Talking Animals” Taught Us about Human Language?
Authors: Uhlíř Vilém
Published: December 2018

This paper offers a brief critical review of some of the so-called “Talking Animals” projects. The findings from the projects are compared with linguistic data from Homo sapiens and with newer evidence gleaned from experiments on animal syntactic skills. The question concerning what had the so-called “Talking Animals” really done is broken down into two categories – words and (recursive) syntax. The (relative) failure of the animal projects in both categories points mainly to the fact that the core feature of language – hierarchical recursive syntax – is missing in the pseudo-linguistic feats of the animals.
The Influence of Ice Texture on Sliding Over Ice
Authors: Jansons E. , Gross K.A. , Lungevics J. , Pluduma L.
Published: December 2018

Winter brings snow and ice to Northern Europe and with it the need to move safely over ice. It has been customary to select an appropriate material surface for movement over ice, but another way to influence the interaction with ice is to appropriately prepare the ice surface. The objective of the research is to investigate the influence of ice texture on initiating movement over ice and on sliding velocity over ice in the laboratory and field conditions. The ice has been prepared smooth, scratched and glazed similar to the one found in real life situations. The static coefficient of friction and the sliding speed have been measured at the laboratory, but the sliding speed quantified on a skeleton –at the skeleton push-start facility. The scratched ice surface has increased the resistance to movement, thus resulting in the lowest sliding speed under laboratory conditions. Sliding is better on the smooth ice and glazed ice. The contact surfaces have been measured to determine the effect of contact area on sliding properties. Field experiments with heavier loads have flattened the ice surface irregularities for more constant sliding conditions over time. This outcome provides a useful indicator for pedestrians and road traffic related to the safety of movement over different ice surfaces as well as a reference for those involved in winter sports.
Reduction of Radon Gas in Concrete Using Admixtures and Additives
Authors: Döse Magnus , Silfwerbrand Johan
Published: December 2018

The second largest cause of lung cancer is related to radon (222Rn) and its progenies in our environment. Building materials, such as concrete, contribute to the production of radon gas through the natural decay of 238U from its constituents. The Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute (CBI) has examined three concrete recipes where only an additive as well as fly ash were added as single constituents to a reference recipe and compared to a reference concrete. The inputs of an additive as well as a supplementary cementitious material (fly ash) were made as a mean to investigate their potential influence on the radon exhalation rates of the concrete. Measurements were performed with an ATMOS 33 ionizing pulsation chamber for at least five different occasions for each recipe during a 22 month period. The results indicate a reduction of the exhalation rate by approximately 30-35 % for each altered recipe. This means roughly 1.5-2 mSv per year decrease in effective dose to a human using an additive or a supplementary cementitious material such as fly ash in relation to the investigated standard concrete.
The Impact of the Ban on Spending Weekly Rest in the Vehicle on Transport Planning in the EU
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Šimurková Patrícia , Jaśkiewicz Marek , Posuniak P. , Stokłosa J.
Published: December 2018

The working conditions of truck drivers and social legislation are both topical and political issues in the field of road freight transport. The contribution outlines problems which are linked to the observance of the ban on weekly rest in the vehicle. Based on the judgment, the Court of Justice of the European Union explicitly forbids drivers to take their regular weekly rest in the vehicle. The contribution identifies the impact of the ban on spending weekly rest in the vehicle on transport planning in the EU. The aim of the contribution is also to highlight the existing problems in international road freight transport sector in connection with insufficient number of truck parks with accommodation.
Modelling Safety Culture Among Crews of Seafaring Vessels
Authors: Adamkiewicz Andrzej , Krystosik-Gromadzińska Agata
Published: December 2018

Marine work conditions, differing from those on land, have been presented. The study has identified a multitude of factors generating physical and psychical effects on crew members, different cultural patterns and dangers which have to be overcome to reach the state when thinking of safety accompanies all performed activities. Creation of legislature and procedures and their observance have been presented as a basis for constructing safety culture and the sense of safety. Safety management, coordinated by ship owners, has been justified as activities to be realized on ships. It has been indicated in this study that building up safety culture among the members of the power plant crew of seafaring ships is the most important issue due to the fact that their work environment is unfriendly to humans and that there is a high fire risk in a ship power plant.
Probabilistic-Deterministic Method of Rescaling Ship Manoeuvring Simulation Data Defining Parameters of Fairway Bends
Authors: Gucma Stanisław , Gralak Rafał
Published: December 2018

The article presents a method of scaling up existing simulation tests results from ships with parameters L1
, B1
(length and breadth) determining a safe waterway bend width (d1
) to specify a width (d2
) safe for ships with other dimensions L2, B2
. This method enables accurate determination of the safe fairway width (d) in case it has been planned to increase maximum length and width of vessels without carrying out relatively expensive simulation tests. The method was used in designing the parameters of the modernized Swinoujscie-Szczecin fairway.
Capabilities of Local and Remote Monitoring and Control of Equipment Used in Marine Ship Industry
Authors: Albrecht Agata , Muc Adam
Published: December 2018

This article presents two aspects regarding marine equipment control and monitoring. The first one is the issue of remote and local control in the maritime and land industry. The second is the economical and efficient use of redundant devices. This article describes the structure of remote control implemented on vessels. Paper presents an idea of control that combines remote and local control to provide optimal use of redundant devices with simultaneous increase of system reliability. The whole concept is shown on the built physical model with the control and operator panels. The control was implemented using freely programmable controller and HMI panel.
Ship’s Operational Speed on the Planned Ocean Route in Real Weather Conditions
Authors: Szelangiewicz Tadeusz , Żelazny Katarzyna
Published: December 2018

While operating the ship, one of the most important tasks is forecasting the ocean route. For this purpose, the speed characteristics of the ship are used, which are used in specialized computer systems and presented in publications. However, published algorithms for speed (or decrease of speed) calculations of a ship in real weather conditions on given routes are very simplified and do not contain all the relevant parameters related to the ship’s hull (affecting its resistance when sailing, eg on waves), its propulsion and weather conditions. The article presents its own, more detailed mathematical model of the speed of the ship, and the performed calculations of speed of the ship were compared with the algorithms available in the literature and with the records from the ship’s log.
Harmonization of Market Conditions in Provision of Road Freight Transport
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Šimurková Patrícia , Jaśkiewicz Marek , Więckowski Dariusz
Published: December 2018

International road transport is a specific service within the frame of services provided in the European Union. It is because the conditions of being active on the market are influenced by the states where businessmen operate, but services can be provided throughout the whole year in other member states of the European Union. The aim of the contribution is to highlight the existing problems in international road freight transport sector. These problems persist despite the fact that market access was exempted from the national law of individual member states and regulated directly by EU regulations. Despite the unification of market access, tax and social harmonization is not ensured in international road freight transport. An unequal tax burden on carriers and different requirements of wage regulations create a discriminatory environment among entrepreneurs. The contribution identifies the factors that deform the equal operating conditions in single market. The aim of the contribution is also to provide the readers with the answers to the questions: Is it possible under current EU conditions to harmonize tax and social conditions? What impact would this harmonization have on business environment?
Unification Proposal on Market Access for Freight Forwarding in the European Union
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Šimurková Patrícia , Jaśkiewicz Marek , Hernandez Salvador
Published: December 2018

The paper deals with the issue of different market access for the transport procurement in the EU in context of open market of providing forwarding services. It highlights different requirements of market access in freight forwarding. The article proposes conditions of market access unification in freight forwarding based on analysis of the existing situation. It also refers to the different responsibility of freight forwarder depending on membership in the national associations of freight forwarders. The contribution analyses the limitation of liability in freight forwarding and shows differences in contract of freight forwarding for particular shipments by model examples. There is also pointed to the need for the development of uniform freight forwarding conditions in the EU.
Ship Route Programming in Restricted and Coastal Areas in Tropical Cyclone Regions
Authors: Wiśniewski Bernard , Szymański Maciej
Published: December 2018

The article describes various methods used for tropical cyclone avoidance maneuvers during navigation in restricted and coastal waters. The avoidance maneuvers were carried out with the use of the following methods: the ORS (Onboard Routing System) systems, Bon Voyage 7.0 and SPOS 7.0, the 1-2-3 rule recommended by the US national weather administration NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), the graphic-manual anti-collision plot, as well as the assistance and recommendations of the shore based AWT (Applied Weather Technologies) Centre. The weather and operational data that were used were from the actual voyage of the 9000TEU container ship POSTPANAMX, from Yantian (China) to Vancouver (Canada), which took place in August 2015. During this voyage the ship encountered the tropical cyclone SOUDELOR.
The Impact of Transport Time on the Carrier’s Costs
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Hammer Juraj , Jaśkiewicz Marek , Zielonka K. , Stokłosa J.
Published: December 2018

In freight road transport, the price per unit of transport is not the same for each shipment for reason, that many factors influence the cost of shipping. An important aspect, in addition to cost inputs, which decides, how high will the shipping cost it is the destination where the transportation takes place. The purpose of this article is to identify the impact of the change of destination on carrier costs. Authors will not deal with specific costs related to the change of destination, which include, for example, charges for the use of the road network or travel compensation to the driver, but will only deal with the probability of vehicle back-up. If the carrier is unable to backhaul of the vehicle, the initial shipping costs increase significantly.
Significance Analysis of Ship Operational States as a Factor Influencing the Energy Efficiency of a Research – Training Vessel
Authors: Behrendt Cezary , Prill Katarzyna , Patsch Marek
Published: December 2018

Ship operational state is a sequence of temporary values of state variable parameters expressing the properties of a particular object and which are recognised as significant for a specific problem. They are the key elements of the operational tasks and essential to determining the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator for a specialised vessel. In that case, the method refers directly to specific operational states and their significance for a particular operational task in the time function. Based on the surveys conducted on a population of people employed by the ship owner and involved in the ship operation, one has analysed the significance of the operational states for that vessel. The differentiated perception of the operational states of the subjected vessel results from, inter alia, the tasks performed by the responders as their duties, their experience and the level of their engagement in the ship operation. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the states enables to conduct the planning process in terms of operational tasks of the specialized ship for effective and efficient operation.
Model of Processes of the Al25/30 Marine Engine and its Verification
Authors: Cuper-Przybylska Dominika
Published: December 2018

The work presents a model of the marine diesel engine working process. The research object was the AL25/30 engine. The model consists of partial models of the combustion process in the engine cylinders, the heat exchange process, flows through air and exhaust channels, heat exchange in the intercooler and friction in mechanical components of the engine. The model includes a description of the processes taking place in the turbocharger also. The input data to the model and the verification data were the results of direct measurements on the research facility. The verification showed errors in the calculation of air and exhaust gas parameters not exceeding 11%. The paper also presents an analysis of the results of fast-changing parameters, including combustion pressure in engine cylinders and pressures in individual gas channels. The designed model allows the analysis of the research facility operation and enables its further development towards the assessment of toxic compounds emission to the atmosphere.