bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exigencias formales para el reconocimiento y ejecución de sentencias conforme al convenio relativo a la asistencia judicial en el ámbito civil y mercantil firmado entre Argelia y España: notas al auto de la AP de Valencia, de 23 de abril de 2018 = Formal requirements for the recognition and enforcement of judgments in accordance with the convention on judicial assistance in civil and commercial matters signed between Algeria and Spain: notes to the judicial decree of the provicial court of Valencia, of 23 of april of 2018
Authors: Merchán Murillo Antonio
Published: March 2019

Resumen: En el presente estudio se pone de manifiesto las necesidades formales para el reconocimiento y ejecución de sentencia dictada por un Tribunal argelino. No obstante, desde la perspectiva de la cosa juzgada, debe ponerse de manifiesto en este asunto la incidencia de la decisión previa de divorcio.Palabras clave: auto; recurso de apelación; procedimiento de exequátur; Audiencia Provincial.Abstract: The present study shows the formal needs for the recognition and execution of a judgement issued by an Algerian court. However, from the perspective of the res judicata, the incidence of the previous divorce decision must be shown in this matter.Keywords: judicial decree; appeal; exequatur procedure; Provincial Court.
La irrecurribilidad de autos dictados por la Audiencia Provincial: comentario al auto del Tribunal Supremo, de fecha 30 de mayo de 2018 = The non-appeal of a judicial decree dictated by the Provincial Hearing: comment to the Judicial decree of the Supreme Court, dated may 30, 2018
Authors: Merchán Murillo Antonio
Published: March 2019

Resumen: En el presente estudio se pone de manifiesto la irrecurribilidad de un Auto recaído en un procedimiento sobre reconocimiento y ejecución de sentencia extranjera, tal y como se venía propugnando por la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo. Esta cuestión se viene a solventar con la LCJIMC.Palabras clave: auto, recurso de casación; procedimiento de exequátur; Tribunal Supremo.Abstract: The present study highlights the non-appeal of a judicial decree in a procedure for the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, as defended by the Supreme Court’s case law. Thisquestion comes to be resolved withthe LCJIMC.Keywords: judicial decree; cassation appeal; exequatur procedure; High Court.
Deletion of Osteopontin Enhances b2-Adrenergic Receptor-Dependent Anti-Fibrotic Signaling in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Pollard Celina M. , Desimine Victoria L. , Wertz Shelby L. , Perez Arianna , Parker Barbara M. , Maning Jennifer , McCrink Katie A. , Shehadeh Lina A. , Lymperopoulos Anastasios
Published: March 2019

Cardiac β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are known to inhibit collagen production and fibrosis in cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes. The β2AR is a Gs protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and, upon its activation, stimulates generation of cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP has two effectors: protein kinase A (PKA) and the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). Epac1 has been shown to inhibit cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Osteopontin (OPN) is a ubiquitous pro-inﬂammatory cytokine, mediating also fibrosis in several tissues, including the heart. OPN underlies several cardiovascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis and cardiac adverse remodeling. We have found that the cardiotoxic hormone aldosterone transcriptionally upregulates OPN in H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts, an effect prevented by endogenous β2AR activation. Additionally, CRISPR-mediated OPN deletion enhances cAMP generation in response to both b1AR and β2AR activation in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, leading to upregulation of Epac1 protein levels. These effects render β2AR stimulation capable of completely abrogating transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-dependent fibrosis in OPN-lacking H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Finally, OPN interacts constitutively with Gas subunits in H9c2 cardiac cells. Thus, we have uncovered a direct inhibitory role of OPN in cardiac β2AR anti-fibrotic signaling via cAMP/Epac1. OPN blockade could be of value in the treatment and/or prevention of cardiac fibrosis.
Self-Reported and Parent-Reported School Bullying in Adolescents with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Roles of Autistic Social Impairment, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Chou Wen-Jiun , Hsiao Ray C. , Ni Hsing-Chang , Liang Hsin-Yi , Lin Chiao-Fan , Chan Hsiang-Lin , Hsieh Yi-Hsuan , Wang Liang-Jen , Li Min-Ching , Hu Huei-Fan , Yen Cheng-Fang
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of self-reported and parent-reported bullying victimization, perpetration, and victimization-perpetration and the associations of autistic social impairment and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms with bullying involvement in adolescents with high functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A total of 219 adolescents with high functioning ASD participated in this study. The associations of sociodemographic characteristics, parent-reported autistic social impairment on the Chinese Social Responsiveness Scale, and parent-reported ADHD and ODD symptoms on the Short form of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV)-Chinese version with self-reported and parent-reported bullying victimization, perpetration, and victimization-perpetration evaluated using the Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire were examined using logistic regression analysis. The agreement between self-reported and parent-reported bullying involvement was low. Compared with bullying involvement experiences reported by adolescents themselves, parents reported higher rates of pure bullying victimization (23.7% vs. 17.8%) and victimization-perpetration (28.8% vs. 9.1%) but a lower rate of pure bullying perpetration (5.9% vs. 9.1%). Deficit in socio-communication increases the risk of being pure victims and victim-perpetrators. Parent-reported victim-perpetrators had more severe ODD symptoms than did parent-reported pure victims. The agreement between self-reported and parent-reported bullying involvement of adolescents with high functioning ASD was low. Deficit in socio-communication and ODD symptoms were significantly associated with a high risk of bullying involvement in adolescents with high functioning ASD.
Karst Spring Discharge Evaluation Using a Rainfall-Input Model: The Case Study of Capodacqua di Spigno Spring (Central Italy)
Authors: Sappa Giuseppe , De Filippi Francesco Maria , Iacurto Silvia , Grelle Gerardo
Published: March 2019

The increasing occurrence of widespread drought phenomena is a global environmental emergency, especially for the effects of ongoing climate change on groundwater availability. Dry years and extreme temperatures are common drivers of current climate impacts all over the world, including, for example, freshwater supply for drinking and agriculture purposes, ecosystems, forestry, health, etc.. In this frame, to ensure temporal water availability in water-stressed areas, a sustainable groundwater management is an increasing challenge. Most of groundwater in the South-East Latium Region, Central Italy, as in the whole Apennine Mountains chain, is stored in karst aquifers. In this area important water resources are present, but even here in the last decades they are affected by groundwater depletion as a consequence of occurring drought events, the upward trend in the globally average temperature and the increasing of anthropogenic activities. Due to the lack of flow rates data of springs in many areas of Italy, the spring response modeling could be a useful tool for supporting a proper water resource management. Several research studies proposed methods based on relationships between spring discharges and rainfall data. The goal of this paper is to propose a model, based on rainfall-discharges cross correlations, in order to assess the spring flow rate patterns of Capodacqua di Spigno Spring, which is the main one in the study area. The results obtained using the developed model has been compared to an existing method that uses the SPI index for the estimation of the minimum annual spring discharge.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Advances: A Review of Configurations for Speech Disabled Individuals
Authors: Elsahar Yasmin , Hu Sijung , Bouazza-Marouf Kaddour , Kerr David , Mansor Annysa
Published: March 2019

High-tech augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) methods are on a constant rise; however, the interaction between the user and the assistive technology is still challenged for an optimal user experience centered around the desired activity. This review presents a range of signal sensing and acquisition methods utilized in conjunction with the existing high-tech AAC platforms for speech disabled individuals, including imaging methods, touch-enabled systems, mechanical and electro-mechanical access, breath-activated methods, and brain computer interfaces (BCI). The listed AAC sensing modalities are compared in terms of ease of access, affordability, complexity, portability, and typical conversational speeds. A revelation of the associated AAC signal processing, encoding, and retrieval highlights the roles of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in the development of intelligent AAC solutions. The demands and the affordability of most systems were found to hinder the scale of usage of high-tech AAC. Further research is indeed needed for the development of intelligent AAC applications reducing the associated costs and enhancing the portability of the solutions for a real user’s environment. The consolidation of natural language processing with current solutions also needs to be further explored for the amelioration of the conversational speeds. The recommendations for prospective advances in coming high-tech AAC are addressed in terms of developments to support mobile health communicative applications.
The Novel Thienopyrimidine Derivative, RP-010, Produces Its Efficacy in Prostate Cancer Cells by Inducing the Fragmentation of β-catenin
Authors: Amawi Haneen , Hussein Noor , Boddu Sai HS , Karthikeyan Chandrabose , Williams Frederick E. , Ashby Jr. Charles R. , Dayanidhi Raman , Trivedi Piyush , Tiwari Amit
Published: March 2019

Thienopyrimidines are a versatile group of compounds that contain a biologically active pharmacophore and reported to have anticancer efficacy in vitro. Here, we report for the first time, that thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine - based compounds, designated the RP series, have efficacy in prostate cancer cells. The lead compound, RP-010, was efficacious in PC3 and DU-145 prostate cancer (PC) cells (IC50< 1µM). The cytotoxicity of RP-010 was significantly lower in normal cells. RP-010 (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 µM) arrested prostate cancer cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, induced mitotic catastrophe and apoptotic signaling in both PC cell lines. Mechanistic studies suggested that RP-010 (1 and 2 µM) inhibits the wingless-type MMTV (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway, mainly by inducing β-catenin fragmentation, while down regulating important proteins in the pathway, i.e. LRP-6, DVL3, and c-Myc. Interestingly, RP-010 (1 and 2 µM) induced the nuclear translocation of the negative feedback proteins, Naked 1 and Naked 2, in the signaling pathway. In addition, RP-010 (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 µM) significantly decreased the migration and invasiveness of PC cells in vitro. Finally, RP-010 did not produce significant toxic effects in zebrafish at concentrations up to 6 µM. In conclusion, RP-10 is a promising anticancer compound in metastatic prostate cancer and did not produce overt toxicity in an in vivo zebrafish model. Future mechanistic and efficacy studies are needed in-vivo to optimize the lead compound RP-010 for clinical use.
Application of Adaptive Kalman Filter in Online Monitoring of Mine Wind Speed
Authors: Huang De , Liu Jian , Deng Lijun , Li Xuebing , Song Ying
Published: March 2019

The underground complicated testing environment and the fan operation instability cause large random errors and outliers of the wind speed signals. The outliers and large random errors result in distortion of mine wind speed monitoring, which possesses safety hazards in mine ventilation system. Application of Kalman filter in velocity monitoring can improve the accuracy of velocity measurement and eliminate the outliers. Adaptive Kalman Filter was built by automatically adjusting process noise covariance and measurement noise covariance depending on the differences between measured and expected speed signals. We analyzed the fluctuation of airflow flow using data of wind speed flow and distribution characteristics of the tunnel obtained by the Laser Doppler Velocimetry system (LDV) studies. A state-space model was built based on the tunnel airflow fluctuations and wind speed signal distribution. The adaptive Kalman Filter was calculated according to the actual measurement data and the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The adaptive Kalman filter was used to shield fluid pulsation while preserving system-induced fluctuations. Using the Kalman filter to treat offline wind speed signal acquired by LDV, the reliability of Kalman filter wind speed state model and the characteristics of adaptive Kalman Filter were investigated. Results showed that the adaptive Kalman filter effectively eliminated the outliers and reduced the root-mean-squares error (RMSE), and the adaptive Kalman filter had better performance than the traditional Kalman filter in eliminating outliers and reducing RMSE. Field experiments in online wind speed monitoring were conducted using the optimized adaptive Kalman Filter. Results showed that adaptive Kalman filter treatment could monitor the wind speed with smaller RMSE compared with LVD monitor. The study data demonstrated that the adaptive Kalman filter is reliable and suitable for online signal processing of mine wind speed monitor.
THE DREAM OF AN ISLAMIC STATE: FROM ISLAMIC POLITICAL MOVEMENT OF AL-IKHWAN INTO ISIS
Authors: Istadiyantha Istadiyantha
Published: March 2019

Timur Tengah merupakan pusat keagamaan bagi muslim di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Hubungan keagamaan antara Islam dan Timur Tengah mencakup proses politik dan sejarah yang kompleks. Perjuangan Islam puritan di era dominasi nilai imperialisme dan nilai kebaratan merupakan alasan utama penyebaran gerakan-gerakan politik Islam di berbagai belahan benua Asia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji hubungan antara gerakan politik Islam di Timur Tengah dan gerakan-gerakan yang telah berkembang di Innesia. Terdapat beberapa aspek yang perlu dipahami mengenai munculnya gerakan-gerakan politik Islam. Penyebaran gerakan-gerakan politik Islam di Indonesia telah menunjukkan perubahan signifikan sejak tahun 1970-an dan 1980-an. Perkembangan gerakan-gerakan politik Islam mulai memperoleh momentum seiring meningkatnya jumlah pelajar dan mahsiswa Indonesia yang belajar ke Timur Tengah, yang menyebabkan eratnya hubungan Indonesia dan Timur Tengah pada banyak aspek. Pada tahun 1980-an, pelajar dan mahasiswa Indonesia di Arab Saudi, Mesir dan negaranegara Timur Tengah lainnya menyerap berbagai ide terkait politik Islam atau gerakan fundamentalis Islam dari Timur Tengah.
The Selection and Pricing of Mixed Multi-Channel Marketing Model for Mid-High Wines Under Experience Driven
Authors: Guo Chunxiang , Zhou Hong
Published: March 2019

The experience of consumers for products has great effect on the pre-sale strategy. Based on this, the paper studies the selection and pricing of multi-channel marketing models consisting of a brewer, an electronic retailer and a traditional retailer, constructing the non-cooperative game model of brewers and retailers with equal status in four contexts. Finally, the result shows that the introduction of direct channel is beneficial to increase the brewer’s revenue. When the pre-sale marginal revenue is greater than two times the average spot-sale marginal revenue, the total profit of supply chain will achieve the best under mode I. i.e. both the brewer and e-retailer adopt pre-sale strategy.
SE2IR Invest Market Rumor Spreading Model Considering Hesitating Mechanism
Authors: Yao Hongxing , Gao Xiangyang
Published: March 2019

According to the actual situation of investor network, a SE2IR rumor spreading model with hesitating mechanism is proposed, and the corresponding mean-field equations is obtained on scale-free network. In this paper, we first combine the theory of spreading dynamics and find out the basic reproductive number R0. And then analyzes the stability of the rumor-free equilibrium and the final rumor size. Finally, we discuss random immune strategies and target immune strategies for the rumor spreading, respectively. Through numerical simulation, we can draw the following conclusions: Reducing the fuzziness and attractiveness of invest market rumor can effectively reduce the impact of rumor. And the target immunization strategy is more effective than the random immunization strategy for the communicators in the invest investor network.
Redefining Perforation in Sub-Horizontal Gas Wells in Underbalanced Conditions with Slickline Deployment and Smart Coiled Tubing
Authors: Tapia William , Comley Rebecca , Houdaidon Mahmoud , Livingstone Nicky , Erkol Zafer
Published: March 2019

Located in the Arabian gulf, the Qatari North Field is the largest non-associated gas field worldwide with estimated reserves exceeding 900 trillion cubic feet of recoverable gas, or approximately 10% of the world's known reserves. Development of this field present tough conditions for all aspects of well drilling and completion activities. Particular challenges for performing well intervention, which have driven operators and manufacturing and service companies to develop innovative strategies and systematic technology collaboration for intervening these fields in a safe and efficient manner.

Recently, two new sub-horizontal wells with multiple reservoir zones needed to be perforated and selectively stimulated. Considering safety factors and operational efficiency, the insertion and retrieval under pressure system was identified as the best alternative to convey an average length of 600ft of 2 7/8-in. guns in single trips with coiled tubing (CT). Although this system has been successfully used in other regions, downhole adverse conditions required specifc components and implementing innovative methods, including the use of 5/16-in. braided slickline for gun deployment, and 2 3/8-in. CT with fiber optic telemetry capability for accurate depth correlation, precise actuation of the firing head system and confirmation of gun detonation.

As result of a dedicated planning and preparation process, the two wells were perforated in controlled conditions and each of the applied technologies proved its value. The use of 5/16-in. braided slickline reduced the gun deployment time by at least 2 days from the planned schedule, and the H2S rated connectors and the pressure-pulse firing head gave the confidence to avoid any issues when the perforating assembly was downhole. In respect to the CT real-time telemetry system, this technology provided an exceptional indication of bottomhole conditions throughtout the operation by enabling precise control of the firing head mechanism, identification of gas/water fluid contact in the well, and monitoring of formation response, which eliminated the need for initially planned nitrogen lift operations.

This paper describes the selection process of the key technologies deployed for performing CT conveyed perforating operations in two sub-horizontal wells in Qatari North Field, and discusses the workflow developed for those interventions. It then presents case studies and lessons learned and provides conclusions from the experiences gained for performing CT conveyed perforating operations in North Field.
Real-Time Underbalance Perforating in Subhydrostatic Reservoir Improves Long-Term Well Performance: A Case Study of Well Injector in Malaysia
Authors: Keong Azwan , Yong Nigel , Djanaka Pramudya
Published: March 2019

One method of sustaining and optimizing a well through its lifetime is underbalance perforating. When hydrostatic pressure inside the wellbore at the zone of interest is kept at less than the expected reservoir pressure, the damaged and crushed zones across the critical matrix at the reservoir that cause low permeability in the perforation tunnels will be immediately cleaned up as soon as communication to the reservoir is established upon perforating. In an operation offshore Malaysia, underbalance perforating was performed in injection wells, rather than producing wells, to optimize injection rates. The operation employed a fiber-optic firing head deployed on a fiber-optic coiled tubing (CT) real-time telemetry system.

The most common and effective method to achieve underbalance is displacing the well to a lighter fluid, less than the water gradient, prior to perforating. Subhydrostatic wells with low bottomhole reservoir pressure pose challenges to achieving the underbalance state. For these wells, well fluids must be removed via nitrogen displacement and the completion perforated with a nitrogen cushion. After underbalance is reached, the well is ideally ready to be perforated as it is, without introduction of additional fluids.

In the offshore Malaysia field, water injector wells had been perforated overbalance because the objective of the wells was injection and not production. However, the injection rate of these water injectors started to decline below the optimum design rate only after a short period, thus affecting the production rate of the neighboring oil and gas producers. Two pilot wells were designed to be perforated underbalance, achieving immediate cleanup after firing. The challenge was to perform an underbalance perforation in a low-pressure, depleted reservoir, using nitrogen as a displacement fluid. After this condition was fulfilled with a 500-psi differential, the well was to be perforated without any liquid introduction to activate the guns, which restricted the use of pressure- and ball-activated firing heads.

The fiber-optic-enabled firing head deployed on CT with real-time telemetry system is considered the most efficient intervention approach to overcome the challenges set. The new firing head will allow the perforating command to be given through an optical signal instantaneously at depth with no disturbance to the well fluid dynamics. This technique will also optimize an online rig operation where displacement, perforation, and nitrogen lift contingency can be performed in one CT run, hence reducing operating costs. Since the initial startup of the two pilot wells, the injection rates of the wells are at optimum, and the performance gained from the two wells has increased overall production in the field. Real-time underbalance perforating is thus seen as the way forward not only to enhance producing wells, but also to boost injectors as well, prolonging the life of an offshore oilfield.
Planning, Execution, Improvements, and Results from a Multi-Well Fishing Campaign using a Snubbing Unit on Pressurized H2S Wells for a NOC in the Middle East
Authors: Donaldson Albert , Al-Mayyan Haitham
Published: March 2019

This paper describes the planning, execution, improvements, and results from a multi-well fishing campaign using a snubbing unit on pressurized H2S wells for a national oil company (NOC) in the Middle East. A suitable blow out preventer (BOP) stack is shown for fishing coiled tubing, wireline tools, and milling along with the contingencies considered and how these were incorporated into the design of the stack. The challenges encountered during the execution phase are explained along with the solutions implemented. The key performance indicators used and how these improved the operational efficiency during the campaign are discussed. The well problems, desired results, and actual results of the interventions on the wells completed to date are shown.
Long Lateral Restriction Diagnosed by Camera-Caliper Combo on E-Line Tractor in One Run
Authors: Lay Allison , Paxson Tanner , Murrill Gary , Schwanitz Brian , Strubberg Brandon
Published: March 2019

An operator in west Texas experienced an obstruction pumping down a plug and perforating gun combination on a multi-stage frac operation in a 23,600-ft lateral. Following a 3.74" OD gauge run with 2-3/8" coiled tubing (CT), which hung up at 18,266 ft, a 3" gauge run was able to pass the holdup depth (HUD). To determine the cause of the restriction, the operator decided to run a video camera and a multi-finger caliper tool. However, due to some concerns with CT reach in the long lateral, issues with friction reducers, undesirable memory timers for recording the logs, and the inability to repeat logging in zones of interest or missing data, the camera provider recommended the logging be performed in "real time" on an electric-line (e-line) tractor.

A shop systems integration test of the combined tractor, caliper and camera was performed prior to running in the well. Clear fluid (fresh water) was pumped down the 5.5" × 4.5" casing from surface to obtain quality video downhole. Upon running the live system with the tractor, several over-torqued collars were identified as well as some buckling above those collars. The images were clear, and the problem areas were successfully identified. The total distance tractored was 10,063 ft, passing through the bad collars to the total measured depth of 23,511 ft.

This was the first time that a downhole video camera was run in combination with a multi-finger caliper tool on an e-line tractor in one run. This service benefits the industry in the following ways: Flexible logging program with real time diagnostics and decisions on additional passes in problem areas.No fluid darkening friction reducers necessary to achieve long lateral total depth.No CT helical buckling concerns.Small foot print for logging program on multi-well pads.Less chance of damaging logging tools on tractor than on CT if obstructions encountered.

This paper describes the operational details of this case and offers insights into the potential uses for such a service to the industry.
Successful Retrieval of Stuck Profile Plug Using Electric-Line Deployed Robotic Well Intervention Techniques
Authors: Vijay Rachit , Panigrahi Nishant , Khanna Manu , Kothiyal Manish Dutt , Sarma P J , Bohra Avinash , Tiwari Shobhit , Pinto Thomas
Published: March 2019

The subject well is a recently drilled and completed in Cambay field offshore in West coast of India. After landing the completion, two mechanical plugs were installed to nipple down BOP and nipple up X-mas tree. The plugs were installed in a 3.875" tubing hanger profile and in a 3.813" SC-TRSSSV selective profile. The problem arose while retrieving the 3.813" selective plug with 4" GS tool after installation of X-mas tree. The slickline wire snapped while doing the jarring operations resulting in fish in the well with BHA and plug slipping down below the selective profile. The plug fell inside the well and got stuck at the 4.5" × 3.5" tubing crossover joint ~20m below the SC-TRSSSV depth. The fished slickline wire along with the slickline tool-string BHA was successfully retrieved from the well, however, the plug remained stuck at the 4.5" × 3.5" tubing cross-over and could not be fished out even after several conventional approaches with slickline.

Solutions involving rig based retrieval and rig less coil tubing intervention and e-line robotic technology for retrieval of the plug were evaluated. Upon completion of a detailed feasibility study of available options, it was decided to conduct fishing of the plug with e-line based advanced robotic well intervention techniques such as eline miller, tractor and stroker. Unique milling bits were designed and customized for this operation. The milling operation involved multiple runs to target the removal of various parts of the struck lock mandrel. Upon successful milling operation, it was planned to retrieve the plug with slickline.

Initial attempts to retrieve the plug by straight pull using 33k pulling capacity Eline Stroker were unsuccessful. Subsequently, milling was attempted with a combination of E-line tractor and Miller to drill thru the plug. The milling initially started as per the plan but after 3 inches of milling the bit got stalled and was eventually stuck inside the plug. The E-line BHA had to be released from the mechanical disconnect sub above the bit. A modified 2" UPT tool with E-line tractor-stroker was run to fish out the bit and plug which resulted in the plug getting released from the stuck position and moving upwards about 10-meter from the stuck depth. Once this was accomplished, plug and bit were successfully retrieved with slickline.

The paper details the background of the stuck incident, selection methodology of fishing technique, fishing work plan and its successful execution. The paper also describes the operational difficulties encountered and the mitigation chosen while milling a plug with an electric line in the offshore environment.
Kinetic Blowout Stopper - The Airbag for the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Gallagher Bobby , Juda Dave , Gallagher Billy , Angstmann Steven
Published: March 2019

A proprietary design using a pyro-mechanical, electrically initiated, kinetic energy enabled shearing action has safely and reliably delivered on the promise of "Shear Anything" and seal successfully.

The kinetic blowout stopper (K-BOS) will shear anything in the well above the bit thus eliminating non-shearables from the oil & gas lexicon. Further a superior clean fish with minimal deformation is produced by the kinetic shearing action. The K-BOS will shut-in full flow and pressure blowouts in milliseconds with its simple protected hermetically sealed construction for unparalleled post–shearing sealing performance and dramatically reduce extremely deadly and damaging flammable and/or toxic gas releases. With unrivalled confidence and reliability with best-in-industry control system monitoring and function testing and actuation techniques, the K-BOS requires virtually zero maintenance because of its simple construction where the working components are not wetted by wellbore fluids until actuation, meaning lower costs and reduced NPT and downtime. Like the automotive air bag, the K-BOS is self-contained and meets US and International deregulation requirements regarding safety and logistics of pyrotechnic devices.

Starting with ballistic modeling technology developed for the military, the models were adapted to the K-BOS application and predicted the outcomes of shearing tests with different common tubulars including traditional "unshearables." A testing regime has been conducted to validate the models, demonstrate repeatability of the results, and demonstrate that a post shear seal could be achieved.

More than 30 test serials with the K-BOS 4-1/16″ prototype including empty well-bore tests, shear tests ranging from 5/16″ wireline to 3-1/2″ Drill Collar with a 1″ Wall Thickness. All tests to date have sheared the target tubular without failure. Multiple materials and configurations have been tested.

In all the shearing tests, the K-BOS successfully sheared the target while achieving all safety objectives. The shear test program has validated the models and has also provided validation data allowing for adjustments to the modeling technology for this specific application and resulting in a high level of accuracy and precision in design and shear performance expectations. The shear testing also showed that the K-BOS can shear without damaging the seals and provides an adequate sealing surface after shearing.

The K-BOS has successfully met technical readiness level 5 (API 17N scale) and is ready to move on to in the field scale shear and seal testing. These results and the continuation to continuing development further the prospects of ensuring the K-BOS achieves its mission to strengthen the industry's social license to operate.
Remote Monitoring and Modeling of Coiled Tubing Operations in Real Time
Authors: Brown Paul , Gunby Brian , Torres Carlos , Rao Bharath
Published: March 2019

Service company and operator personnel increasingly wish to monitor coiled tubing (CT) operations from a remote location. Very often the interested party will connect to the data logging computer in the field via an internet connection using freely available commercial software, which allows them to view the computer screen as it appears to the personnel on location. However, streaming video in this manner requires a fast and reliable connection. It also leaves the viewer in a predominantly passive role, with the burden of running the software remaining with the personnel in the CT unit, who must therefore be trained to handle that task along with their other duties.

A different approach, first introduced to the CT industry in 2015, involves streaming the acquired job data to a remote web server in small packets, and reconstructing the complete data file on arrival. The data can then be viewed in near real-time by any authorized person with an internet connection and a browser. The method requires little bandwidth, and works even with an intermittent connection. In a further innovation, the live data is simultaneously fed into tubing forces analysis (TFA) and fatigue modeling software running on the same web server, with the resulting real-time pipe status displayed in the browser alongside the data charts. Adjustments to the models and job design can be made by a person observing the job remotely, rather than on location, with potential for significant cost savings.

At the same time, an algorithm monitors the incoming data stream for detectable events, and triggers automated notifications to personnel who are ‘following’ the job. In this manner an operator can be alerted when, for example, the CT approaches a target of interest; a technician can be warned that a sensor is failing; and an engineer can be alerted if the pipe limits are in danger of being exceeded.

This web-based system has been used extensively over a period of several years, with up to 50 jobs streaming on a typical day. Field examples will be presented illustrating this technology, and contrasted with conventional methods. Limitations as well as advantages will be discussed, in particular concerns about web connectivity at the wellsite, and possible solutions presented.

The case will be made that, by moving the majority of the job monitoring process offsite, the need for specialist expertise in the field is reduced, with associated cost savings. Furthermore, by integrating the entire job process, from planning to completion, into a single web-based platform accessible to any involved party regardless of geographic location, numerous possibilities for other efficiencies can be imagined and realized.
Real-Time Fiber-Optic Integrated System Allows Precision in a Surgical Sand Plug Settlement of a Temporary Well Isolation Operation
Authors: Vera Vanesa , Torres Carlos , Delgado Eduardo , Pacheco Carlos , Torres Monica , Higuera Josue
Published: March 2019

Pumping sand through coiled tubing (CT) with real-time capabilities is not a common practice because of potential risks associated with cable integrity. A successful sand plug settling procedure supported by a real-time fiber-optic integrated system under critical well conditions was of high importance during a recompletion intervention, allowing optimization of time and costs.

Multiple methods are used to isolate a well during recompletion activities; nevertheless, a cost-effective method to divert involves setting sand plugs with CT and a real-time fiber-optic integrated system, which is essential to achieving precise settlement of the sand, not just for depth but also for volume of sand pumped. Without this complete system, the operator would need to make extra runs for correlations with electric line (e-line) or CT units, which increases both cost and operational time.

A real-time fiber-optic integrated system allows adjustment to the sand plug stages in real time to help ensure top of sand (TS) necessary to isolate the producer formation and keep out the wireline entry guide without additional runs and increased costs.

A casing collar locator (CCL) tool permitted the correlation depth to be measured in each tag, ensuring knowledge of where the sand was placed and helping prevent incorrect depths resulting from uncontrollable factors, such as elongation.

More than 6,500 lbm of sand was pumped through CT using a real-time fiber-optic integrated system without losing communication with the downhole tools and without affecting cable integrity, which could lead to bird nesting the cable because of high friction and excessive slack inside the pipe.

This real-time fiber-optic integrated system begins a new generation of sand plug operations by helping prevent additional runs or having other units correlate, particularly if a recompletion activity is programmed and space accommodation is a challenge because of the workover unit.
A Precision Drilling Tool – A New Approach to Open for Production by Using a Novel Method to Drill Holes Through Base Pipe in Sand Screen or through Tubing/Casing
Authors: Magnussen Espen Johan , Haugen Vidar , Sarbaz Saman , Karlsen Ole Edvind , Nordaas Lars Bjarne , Holst Tor Kristian
Published: March 2019

The use of an electric drilling tool deployed on wireline is shown to be a safe, efficient and reliable method to penetrate the base pipe in sand screens.

In the case study presented in this paper, a well on a field on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, completed with a Darcy sand screen that was clogged due to scale. A Darcy screen is an expandable hydraulically activated sand screen. An electric drill deployed on wireline was used to drill holes through the base pipe of the screen and into the flow channels to open for production. The tool needed a sufficient anchoring capacity for keeping the drill bit steady as well as accuracy of the drilling process to prevent damaging the underlying filter media. Both the anchor and the drill section of the drilling tool deployed are shown to be designed to meet these specifications. The sequence of the operation is presented, where two circular patterns at different depths with 13 holes each are drilled. At the time of publishing for this paper, the results on production from this operation is not yet known, as the well has not started producing again.
Wirelessly Powered Microchips for Mapping Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Cherivirala Y. K. , Lyu H.. , Alhowri H. A. , Babakhani A..
Published: March 2019

The onset of the era of internet of things and artificial intelligence comes with the ever-growing demand for self-sustaining and efficient sensors. Sensors based on complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOSs) have attracted significant attention in the implementation of distributed sensor systems for a vast number of applications because of their economical and complex integration benefits. In this work, we report CMOS-based energy-harvesting chips as wireless nodes for mapping hydraulic fractures during the shale gas extraction process. The CMOS chips are tested in a custom benchtop core-holder chamber that emulates a downhole environment. An induction coil, sized at 5 × 5 mm, connected to a custom CMOS chip, is used as a receiver inside the core holder to harvest electromagnetic (EM) energy transmitted by an external antenna. On the basis of the custom core-holder experiment, it is shown that encapsulated CMOS chips are able to harvest EM energy and thereby operate wirelessly. The receiver has a resonance frequency of 198 MHz. The CMOS chip is equipped with an integrated power management unit (PMU), energy-harvesting unit, and a signal-generation block. The CMOS chip inside the chamber produces an output signal with a frequency proportional to the harvested power. By measuring the frequency of the output signal produced by the chip, we are able to localize the chips within the rock inside the custom core holder.
The role of PKCγ subunit of rACC neurons in the development of bone cancer pain in rats
Authors: Feng Hao , Feng Zequn , She Meng , Wang Gongming , Cheng Guanghui , Li Kailin , Wang Ruoyi , Li Xiaohui
Published: March 2019

Background：To explore the role of PKCγ subunit of rACC neurons in the development of bone cancer pain in rats. Methods：40 adult female SD rats were divided into five groups: blank control group (Naive group), sham operation group (Sham group), bone cancer pain group (BCP group)，empty lentiviral vector group（Vehicle group） and PKCγ/shRNA recombinant lentiviral vector group (PKCγ group). 10μl MADB-106 rat mammary cancer cells suspension was inoculated into the tibia bone marrow cavity of rats in BCP group and Vehicle group similarly. 10μl saline was inoculated into the proximal tibia bone marrow cavity of rats in Sham group. In the PKCγ group, the rats were taken the same treatment as the BCP group, and then 10μl shRNA/PKCγ recombinant lentivirus was injected into the bilateral rACC on the 7th day. The mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were measured every 3 days to assess the rat pain behavior. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting technology and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of PKCγ subunits in rat rACC neurons after operation. Results: From the 3rd day after operation, the mechanical withdrawal thresholds in BCP group, Vehicle group and PKCγ group were significantly decreased than those in Naive group and Sham group (P<0.05). Compared with the BCP group and Vehicle group the mechanical withdrawal threshold in the PKCγ group increased significantly (P<0.05). On the 3rd postoperative day, the thermal withdrawal latency in BCP, Vehicle and PKCγ groups was significantly longer than those in Naive and Sham groups（P＜0.05). From the 14th postoperative day, the TWL in PKCγ group was shorter than that in BCP and Vehicle groups (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the expression of PKCγ in rACC neurons on the 14th day after operation in rats of BCP and Vehicle groups were significantly higher than that in Naive group and Sham group. (P<0.05) However, in the PKCγ group, the expression of PKCγ in rACC neurons was significantly lower than that in BCP group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Up-regulation of PKC subunit of rACC neurons in bone cancer pain rats contributes to the development of pain sensitivity in bone cancer.
Survival of entomopathogenic nematodes in oil emulsions and control effectiveness on adult engorged ticks (Acari: Ixodida)
Authors: Aquino-Bolaños Teodulfo , Ruiz-Vega Jaime , Hernández Yolanda D. Ortiz , Castañeda Julio C. Jiménez
Published: March 2019

Although their control is based on chemical products, the infestations by ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say) are causing great losses and damages in the livestock production worldwide. In this study, the survival of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema carpocapsae, and Steinernema websteri in vegetal oil suspension at concentrations of 13% and 33% and their effectiveness to control ticks at concentrations of 50 ± 5 and 100 ± 10 nematodes in oil suspensions of Cymbopogon citratus, Pelargonium sp, Juniperus virginiana, Rosa sp, and Mentha piperita were evaluated in lab conditions. In field conditions, the Lethal Concentration (LC90) of S. websteri in oil suspensions of J. virginiana and C. citratus in dogs infested with ticks was evaluated. In the laboratory, it was found that an oil emulsion of C. citratus and J. virginiana at 13% maintained the survival of S. carpocapsae, H. bacteriophora, and S. websteri from 55% to 60% for a period of 96 hr. The combination of the S. websteri nematode with 50 or 100 nematodes in oil emulsions of J. virginiana at 33% presented a control effectiveness of 80–100% in adult ticks 24 hr post-application. In field, the LC90 of 119 juveniles of S. websteri in oil emulsions of J. virginiana at 33% on domestic dogs presented an accumulated and a control effectiveness of 89% after 96 hr post-application. The combined application of J. virginiana and S. websteri could be a good alternative for the control of ticks. It was observed that the time of contact and the type of vegetable oil were crucial factors to increase the effectiveness of control.
First Report of the Peach Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne floridensis Infecting Almond on Root-Knot Nematode Resistant ‘Hansen 536’ and ‘Bright's Hybrid 5’ Rootstocks in California, USA
Authors: Westphal Andreas , Maung Zin T. Z. , Doll David A. , Yaghmour Mohammad A. , Chitambar John J. , Subbotin Sergei A.
Published: March 2019

In April-August 2018, samples of galled roots with rhizosphere soil were collected from almond orchards in Atwater, Merced County and Bakersfield, Kern County, California. Almond trees (Prunus dulcis) grafted on ‘Hansen 536’ and ‘Brights Hybrid®5’ (peach-almond hybrid) rootstocks showed strong symptoms of growth decline. Extracted root-knot nematodes were identified by both morphological and molecular methods as M. floridensis. Meloidogyne floridensis was initially found in Florida, USA, and has not been reported from any other states and countries. This is a first report of M. floridensis in California and outside of Florida.
Parallel Architectures: Studying Space as a Medium to Express Dreams, Psychosis and the Unconscious Mind
Authors: El Bayoumi Rania Fouad
Published: March 2019

This is a paper that is written in relation to a rotoscope painting animation film project that the researcher is currently working on. The film, in a way, is about women. By interpreting both their tangible realities and inner spaces, polar entities co-exist in a way that seems to cancel their disparity.The project includes moving images of painted spaces and architectures that work within the context of the film as psychological doors to the otherness of the self, a mirror, or a medium to express dreams, psychosis and the unconscious mind.
Vision of Vincent van Gogh and Maurice Utrillo in Landscape Paintings and their Impact in Establishing the Identity of the Place
Authors: Elsaed Hala Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: March 2019

There are varieties of visions, visual solutions and plastic relations for various painting topics, but the landscape painting is still the closest subject to the identity of the place.When the artist translates the realistic features of the place describing it with his special style and touches, this represents a record for characteristics of a certain period related to this place. It might also depict the landscape by his sense, telling us with his painting brush the story of its heritage. The artist links it with the reality experienced -here the memory adds the highest value to the view and translates features of nature of this place in terms of form- or feelings and influence through the ages.When Van Gogh was influenced by a city, like Arles in France, he produced the most beautiful of his paintings, which appeared to show his style and colors. Actually, we see this city through a creative artist with radiant colors, each panting as a celebration or a poem singing the beauty of this place.And when Maurice Utrillo was influenced by a city -like Paris in France especially Montmartre district with its steep winding streets, picturesque windmills, snowfall, and clouds of gray affected- he created his most important paintings of landscape. The paintings reflected the nature of this place by his simple style which seems like a zap from the internal inventory of the artist about this place.