bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS MODUL ELEKTRONIK BERBASIS SAINTIFIK PADA MATERI KELARUTAN DAN HASIL KALI KELARUTAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA SMA
Authors: Sari Meida Wulan
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektivitasan modul elektronik berbasis saintifik pada materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains siswa SMA. Penelitian keefektifan modul elektronik berbasis saintifik ini didahului dengan penelitian pengembangan (RnD) terlebih dahulu dengan jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu  model pengembangan media yang mengacu pada teori Borg dan Gall dengan langkah-langkah yaitu, 1) penelitian dan mengumpulkan informasi, 2) merencanakan, 3) mengembangkan bentuk awal produk, 4) uji lapangan awal, 5) Rrevisi produk utama, 6) uji lapangan utama, 7) revisi produk operasional, 8) uji lapangan operasional, 9) revisi produk akhir, dan 10) diseminasi. Uji efektifitas produk modul elektronik dilaksanakan pada bagian revisi produk akhir. Sumber data pada penelitian ini berasal dari siswa SMAN 1 Teras. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan adalah 68 siswa dengan rincian masing-maing 34 siswa dari kelas XI MIA 2 dan XI MIA 3.Teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi. Observasi keterampilan proses sains dilakukan oleh tiga observer. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada perbedaaan nilai keterampilan proses sains (KSP) antara kelas kontrol dan eksperimen sehingga modul elektonik berbasis sainstifik ini efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran guna memberdayakan keterampilan proses sains siswa.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL BERBASIS BOUNDED INQUIRY LAB UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI SAINS DIMENSI KONTEN PADA MATERI SISTEM PENCERNAAN KELAS XI
Authors: Sanjaya Renny Widya Kusuma , Maridi Maridi , Suciati Suciati
Published: July 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengetahui karakteristik modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi konten pada materi Sistem Pencernaan kelas XI; 2) Menguji kelayakan modul biologi berbasis bounded inquiry lab untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi konten pada materi Sistem Pencernaan kelas XI dan; 3) Menguji keefektivan penggunaan modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi konten pada materi Sistem Pencernaan kelas XI. Penelitian dan pengembangan modul menggunakan prosedur Borg & Gall (1983) yang telah dimodifikasi yang meliputi 10 tahap: 1) tahap penelitian dan pengumpulan informasi; 2) tahap perencanaan; 3) tahap pengembangan desain; 4) tahap uji coba lapangan awal; 5) tahap revisi produk pertama; 6) tahap uji coba lapangan utama; 7) tahap revisi produk kedua; 8) tahap uji lapangan operasional; 9) tahap revisi produk akhir dan; 10) Diseminasi dan implementasi modul. Subjek pengembangan meliputi responden uji coba lapangan awal berjumlah 4 validator ahli dan 2 praktisi, respon uji skala kecil berjumlah 10 peserta didik. Responden uji coba lapangan utama/keefektivan berjumlah 65 peserta didik yang terdiri atas 2 kelas menggunakan modul yaitu 32 peserta didik kelas XI MIA 1 dan 33 peserta didik kelas XI MIA 4. Data kemampuan literasi sains dimensi konten dianalisis dengan N-Gain ternormalisasi untuk mengetahui keefektivan modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan menunjukkan: 1) Modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi konten pada materi Sistem Pencernaan dikembangkan sesuai dengan tahapan bounded inquiry lab (observasi, manipulasi, generalisasi, verifikasi, aplikasi) dan pendekatan saintifik; 2) Kelayakan modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab dikategorikan sangat baik; 3) Keefektivan modul yang dikembangkan berbasis bounded inquiry lab dibuktikan dengan uji Wilcoxon yang menunjukkan ada perbedaan dalam literasi sains dimensi konten sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab memiliki probabilitas (p) sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05), Ho ditolak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab layak dan efektif meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi konten pada materi Sistem Pencernaan kelas XI.
PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA MELALUI DISCOVERY LEARNING DENGAN METODE EKSPERIMEN DAN DEMONSTRASI DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KREATIVITAS SISWA SMK KELAS X PADA MATERI SIFAT MEKANIK BAHAN
Authors: Ekawati Yuli , Sunarno Widha , Cari Cari
Published: July 2021

Banyak penelitian telah dilakukan terkait penerapan discovery learning ini dalam dunia pendidikan. Menurut Hasanah (2015) ada beberapa hal yang tidak menggembirakan dari discovery learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan interaksi penggunaan model Discovery Learning, metode eksperimen, metode demonstrasi, kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreativitas  terhadap hasil  belajar. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa SMK Negeri 1 Kebonsari Madiun kelas X tahun  pelajaran 2014/2015. Sampel diambil dengan teknik Cluster Random Sampling, sampel terdiri dari 2 kelas yaitu kelas X KR A dan X KR C. Kelas X KR A diberi pembelajaran dengan Discovery Learning menggunakan metode eksperimen, sedangkan X KR C diberi pembelajaran Discovery Learning dengan metode demonstrasi. Data hasil belajar kognitif, kemampuan berpikir kritis diambil menggunakan instrumen tes,  data kreativitas menggunakan angket sedangkan data hasil belajar afektif dan psikomotor menggunakan lembar observasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi anava tiga jalan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji compare means. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh pembelajaran discovery learning menggunakan metode  eksperimen dan demonstrasi terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, afektif dan psikomotorik: 2) terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar kognitif dan tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar afektif dan psikomotorik; 3) terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara kreativitas siswa terhadap hasil belajar kognitif dan tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara kreativitas siswa terhadap hasil belajar afektif dan psikomotorik; 4) tidak terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar kognitif dan terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar afektif  dan psikomotorik; 5) tidak terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan kreativitas siswa terhadap hasil belajar kognitif , afektif, psikomotorik; 6) tidak terdapat interaksi antara kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan kreativitas siswa terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, afektif, psikomotorik; 7) tidak terdapat interaksi antara metode pembelajaran, kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreativitas siswa terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, afektif, psikomotorik.
DLPS DIPADU DENGAN NHT PADA PEREDARAN DARAH MANUSIA
Authors: Sulistyo Aris Joko , Sajidan Sajidan , Prayitno Baskoro Adi
Published: July 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) karakteristik model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT, 2) menguji kelayakan model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT, 3) menguji efektifitas model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT terhadap hasil belajar siswa SMP N 2 Tangen. Penelitian menggunakan metode Research And Development (R & D) mengacu pada model Gall, Borg, and Gall (1983) yang dimodifikasi menjadi sembilan tahap. Responden pengembangan meliputi respon uji coba lapangan awal berjumlah 3 validator dan 2 praktisi, respon uji coba lapangan terbatas berjumlah 10 siswa, dan responden uji lapangan operasional berjumlah 32 siswa kelas existing class, 39 siswa modeling class. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket, observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket, lembar observasi, dan tes. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan hasil belajar kognitif dianalisis dengan uji t (t test). Hasil penelitian diperoleh: 1) model yang dikembangkan mengacu pada model Gall, Borg, and Gall (1983) dan model pembelajaran  DLPS dipadu dengan NHT terdapat sembilan sintak pembelajaran; 2) hasil pengembangan model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu denganNHT yang diperoleh dari ahli, praktisi, dan siswa masuk kedalam kategori baik, sehingga model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT layak digunakan sebagai model pembelajaran; 3) Hasil efektivitas model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT pada materi peredaran darah manusia terdapat kenaikan hasil belajar, dengan demikian model pembelajaran DLPS dipadu dengan NHT efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa model yang telah dikembangkan dan diuji cobakan memperoleh hasil yang efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar.
Characterization of physical, chemical and microstructure properties in the soft clay soil of the paddy field area
Authors: Rendana Muhammad , Idris Wan Mohd Razi , Abdul Rahim Sahibin , Ali Rahman Zulfahmi , Lihan Tukimat
Published: July 2021

The soft clay soil has been categorized as infertile soil. The occurrence of soft clay soil in paddy field areas can decline soil quality and rice production. Therefore, to find the best technique for amending this soil, this study aimed to analyze the physical, chemical, and microstructure properties of the soft clay soil in the paddy field area. The soft clay soil samples were collected from two paddy blocks in Kedah, Malaysia. The physical and chemical properties of the soil were determined using the standard method in the laboratory. The microstructure properties were analyzed using Zeiss SUPRA 55VP microscopes. The results found that the soft clay soil was composed of silt – clay (> 90%) with the texture of silty clay. The soft clay soil was characterized by low values of organic matter (2.63-3.42%), pH (3.32-3.69), cation exchange capacity (6.89-8.72 cmolc kg-1), available P (0.14-0.41 mg kg-1), aggregate stability (16.53-17.78%), and hydraulic conductivity (0.17 cm hr-1). In contrast, it indicated high values of soil water content (42.24-43.21%), and exchangeable Na+ ions (2.48-2.50 cmolc kg-1). In addition, the analysis of heavy metals content revealed that their concentrations were below the critical level in the soil. The soft clay soil was largely governed by kaolinite minerals, and it had less compact structures with many large voids among soil aggregates. In conclusion, the quality of soft clay soil in the study area was poor with low physical and chemical parameters. The quality of the soil could be improved by the addition of soil amendments such as zeolite, cement, and other additive materials to absorb the excess water in the soil and increase the soil strength.
THE LINEAR-FRACTIONAL PROGRAMMING PROBLEM UNDER UNCERTAINTY CONDITIONS
Authors: Pavlov Oleksandr , Vozniuk Oleksandra , Zhdanova Olena
Published: July 2021

This paper addresses the problem of linear-fractional programming under uncertainty. The uncertainty here is understood as the ambiguity of the coefficients’ values in the optimized functional. We give two mathematical formulations of the problem. In the first one, the uncertainty refers to the numerator: there are several sets of objective function coefficients, each coefficient can determine the numerator of the problem’s criterion at the stage of its solution implementation. The uncertainty in the second formulation refers to the denominator of the functional. We propose several compromise criteria for evaluating solutions to the problem we consider. We study the following two criterions in detail: 1) finding a compromise solution in which the deviation of the values of the partial functionals from their optimal values is within the specified limits; 2) finding a compromise solution according to the criterion of minimizing the total weighted excess of the values of partial functionals in relation to the specified feasible deviations from their optimal values (the values of concessions). We formulate an auxiliary linear programming problem to find a compromise solution to the linear-fractional programming problems by these two criteria. The constraints of the auxiliary problem depend on the optimization direction in the original problem. We carried out a series of experiments of four types to study the properties of the problem. The purposes of the experiments were: 1) to study how changes in the values of the specified feasible deviations of partial objective functions impact the values of actual deviations and the values of concessions; 2) to study how changes in the expert weights of partial objective functions impact the values of actual deviations and the values of concessions for the compromise solutions we obtain. We propose in this work the schemes of experiments and present their results in graphical form. We have found that the obtained relations depend on the optimization direction in the original problem.

Keywords: optimization, uncertainty, convolution, linear-fractional programming, linear programming problem, compromise solution
MODELING OF A SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC REGULATION OF THE TENSION MODE IN THE ROUGHING GROUP OF STANDS OF A CONTINUOUS SECTION MIL
Authors: Marynych Ivan , Serdiuk Olga
Published: July 2021

The subject of the research is automatic control system modeling features for tensioning of stands roughing group, which takes into account changes in the rolling speed at exit of the previous stand and entrance to the next stand. Control systems for high-speed rolling on section mills are the most critical systems, since the trouble-free operation of rolling mill largely depends on their work. Rolling speed control is understood to mean tension regulation in the roughing group of stands and stabilization of the rolling loop in the finishing groups. The influence of such technological factors as uneven heating of blanks, change in the crimping mode in stands, etc. leads to the appearance of tension or back-up forces, deviation of rolled loop from the specified values. Tension rolling, in contrast to loop rolling, is a stable rolling mode. However, (at significant values of tension in the rolled products) such a rolling mode leads to different thicknesses of the finished product. The loop rolling mode is an unstable mode and is impossible without automatic control systems. Both in the tension rolling mode and in the free rolling mode with a loop, it is necessary to study automatic control systems in order to determine the possibilities of compensating for disturbing influences and obtaining rolled products of the given accuracy. Therefore, the main task of the automatic control system is to maintain the rolling mode with the lowest possible tension. To achieve this goal, direct control of the tension of the rolled strip with modern technical means is rather difficult, and the operation of tension control systems is based on indirect methods of measuring it, and the study of the system efficiency is reduced to modeling the process itself. The developed model consists of three stands and two inter-stand spaces, since it takes into account changes in rolling speed at the exit of previous stand and the entrance to the next stand. It is due to this that adequate simulation results are obtained that are close to the real rolling process.
Keywords: automation, rolls, stand, inter-stand spacing, modeling, loop tension, rolling mill, roughing group.
RESEARCH OF DATA TYPE CLASSIFICATION METHODS WHEN DEVELOPING COMPUTER ENGINEERING SOFTWARE
Authors: Pavlenko Yevhen , Butenko Vladimir , Gubin Vadim , Lubenets Serhii
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with the problems of increasing the efficiency of software development, in particular, the issue of reducing the time for developing programs and using automated synthesis of programs, which will avoid the revision of the original product. The software should be tested along with other system components in all combinations that may occur. Testing is time-consuming because hidden bugs are revealed through unexpected interactions between software components. With structural analysis, data flow diagrams are not the end result, they are a developer tool. First, diagrams are built, and then mechanisms are developed to ensure the required system behavior. A graphical approach to solving the problem of automation of software development is being developed, based on the involvement of visual forms of program presentation. For any program object, you can select a finite number of states in which it is at each moment of time. The program progress is associated with the transition of an object from one state to another. The graph replaces the textual form of the description of the program algorithm, while the visual representation of the algorithm is realized. The specification of data structures, as well as the setting of intermodular interfaces according to data, is separated from the description of the structure of the algorithm and controls. Basic modules and data types are used. Basic modules are local calculable functions, on the basis of which all other technology objects are generated. Data types describe the syntactic and semantic aspects of constructing data used in base functions. Algorithms for finding routes on directed graphs are considered. When defining routes from the root vertex to the final ones, the properties of the algebra of three-valued logic were used. Based on the considered approach, as well as taking into account its shortcomings, a method for classifying data types was proposed, based on the implementation of a partial enumeration of the routes of the graph of program links and a method for designing software based on it, taking into account minimizing the time and cost of the project.
Keywords: software, computer engineering, information systems, components, partial enumeration of graph routes, development costs.
TECHNOLOGY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF INFORMATION AGENDA IN NEWS DATA STREAMS
Authors: Petrasova Svitlana , Khairova Nina , Kolesnyk Anastasiia
Published: July 2021

Currently, the volume of news data streams is growing that contributes to increasing interest in systems that allow automating the big data streams processing. Based on intelligent data processing tools, the semantic similarity identification of text information will make it possible to select common information spaces of news. The article analyzes up-to-date statistical metrics for identifying coherent fragments, in particular, from news texts displaying the agenda, identifies the main advantages and disadvantages as well. The information technology is proposed for identifying the common information space of relevant news in the data stream for a certain period of time. The technology includes the logical-linguistic and distributive-statistical models for identifying collocations. The MI distributional semantic model is applied at the stage of potential collocation extraction. At the same time, regular expressions developed in accordance with the grammar of the English language make it possible to identify grammatically correct constructions. The advantage of the developed logical-linguistic model formalizing the semantic-grammatical characteristics of collocations, based on the use of algebraicpredicate operations and a semantic equivalence predicate, is that both the grammatical structure of the language and the meaning of words (collocates) are analyzed. The WordNet thesaurus is used to determine the synonymy relationship between the main and dependent collocation components. Based on the investigated corpus of news texts from the CNN and BBC services, the effectiveness of the developed technology is assessed. The analysis shows that the precision coefficient is 0.96. The use of the proposed technology could improve the quality of news streams processing. The solution to the problem of automatic identification of semantic similarity can be used to identify texts of the same domain, relevant information, extract facts and eliminate semantic ambiguity, etc.

Keywords: data stream, agenda, logical-linguistic model, distribution-statistical model, collocation, semantic similarity, WordNet, news text corpus, precision.
Perilaku Pemilihan Moda Transportasi Pekerja Komuter: Studi Kasus Jabodetabek
Authors: Irjayanti Amelia Dertta , Sari Dyah Wulan , Rosida Ismatulloh
Published: July 2021

Using Greater Jakarta Commuter Survey data published by Statistics Indonesia in 2014, this study aims to identify the factors affecting commuting workers to choose the mode of transportation for work and the marginal effect of these factors. Estimation results from logistic regression indicate that income and workdays are not significantly affecting the commuting workers mode choice. The number of modes used has the highest impact on the probability of private vehicle and motorcycle use over public transport. As age, time travel, and travel distance increase, commuter worker less likely to use private vehicle. ------------------------------ Menggunakan data Survei Komuter Jabodetabek yang diterbitkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik pada tahun 2014, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pekerja komuter untuk memilih moda transportasi untuk bekerja dan efek marginal dari faktor-faktor tersebut. Hasil estimasi dari regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan dan hari kerja tidak secara signifikan memengaruhi pilihan moda transportasi pekerja komuter. Jumlah moda yang digunakan memiliki dampak tertinggi pada probabilitas penggunaan kendaraan pribadi dan sepeda motor dibandingkan angkutan umum. Seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, lama, dan jarak perjalanan, pekerja komuter cenderung tidak menggunakan kendaraan pribadi.
Methods for Reducing Intraoperative Breast Radiation Exposure of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Van Nortwick Sara S. , Leonard Dana A. , Finlay Andrea K. , Chou Loretta , Valone Lindsey C.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Standard lead aprons and vests do not adequately shield the most common breast cancer site, the upper outer quadrant (UOQ), from intraoperative radiation. The purpose of the present study was to determine if lead sleeves, wings, and/or axillary supplements decreased intraoperative radiation exposure of the UOQ of the breast.

Methods:

An anthropomorphic torso phantom (simulating the female surgeon) was placed adjacent to a standard operating room table. Dosimeters were placed bilaterally over the UOQ of the breast. Scatter radiation dose equivalent rates (mrem/hr) were measured during continuous fluoroscopy of a pelvic phantom (simulating the patient). Five protection configurations (no lead; lead vest; and vest with sleeves, wings, and axillary supplements), 2 surgeon positions (facing the table and perpendicular to the table), and 2 C-arm positions (anteroposterior and cross-table lateral projection) were tested. The t test was utilized with a Bonferroni correction for multiple t tests.

Results:

Lead sleeves and axillary supplements decreased intraoperative radiation exposure to the UOQ of the breast when compared with a well-fitted standard lead vest alone (p < 0.01) across all surgeon and C-arm positions. The addition of wings decreased radiation exposure to a lesser extent than sleeves or axillary supplements, and the difference when compared with the lead vest alone did not reach significance (p = 0.29). Breast radiation exposure in the C-arm cross-table lateral projection was highest across all testing.

Conclusions:

The UOQ of the breast is not adequately protected by standard lead vests alone or vests with the addition of wings. Axillary supplements and sleeves improved protection of the breast.

Clinical Relevance:

Modifications of lead protective vests may improve intraoperative breast radiation protection.
Supporting students with resits to build self-efficacy
Authors: Farrant Catherine , Marinciu Raluca , Reilly Dawn , Warren Liz
Published: July 2021

This project explores the experiences of second-year students on Business School programmes regarding the support available to them in relation to resits in year one. The project involves students as partners in their learning, with data collected via interviews and student discussion forums. Findings are that students who are preparing for resit exams like to use question practice in the resit period to provide mastery experiences which build self-efficacy. We find that students may undervalue feedback on an original submission as a source of guidance towards a resit coursework. The fieldwork was completed before the 2020 campus closure necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, based on our findings, we suggest recommendations for practice which can be applied for both on-campus and online delivery of our programmes.Keywords: Business Education, exams, inclusivity, mastery experiences, resits, self-efficacy
Engaging students affectively to stimulate social presence in online learning
Authors: Gao Xiaowen
Published: July 2021

There is challenge in designing online teaching that motivates students and encourages them to engage fully with learning activities. This conference reflection considers how affective engagement may be supported and why addressing it should be a priority when designing and delivering effective online teaching.
Modelling of the Phase-Partitioning Behaviors for CO2-Brine System at Geological Conditions
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Wang Zhiyuan , Li Yingjie , Li Hangyu , He Haikang , Sun Baojiang
Published: July 2021

An improved phase-partitioning model is proposed for the prediction of the mutual solubility in the CO2-brine system containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-. The correlations are computationally efficient and reliable, and they are primarily designed for incorporation into a multiphase flow simulator for geology- and energy-related applications including CO2 sequestration, CO2-enhanced geothermal systems, and CO2-enhanced oil recovery. The model relies on the fugacity coefficient in the CO2-rich phase and the activity coefficient in the aqueous phase to estimate the phase-partitioning properties. In the model, (i) the fugacity coefficients are simulated by a modified Peng-Robinson equation of state which incorporates a new alpha function and binary interaction parameter (BIP) correlation; (ii) the activity coefficient is estimated by a unified equilibrium constant model and a modified Margules expression; and (iii) the simultaneous effects of salting-out on the compositions of the CO2-rich phase and the aqueous phase are corrected by a Pizter interaction model. Validation of the model calculations against literature experimental data and traditional models indicates that the proposed model is capable of predicting the phase-partitioning behaviors in the CO2-brine system with a higher accuracy at temperatures of up to 623.15 K and pressures of up to 350 MPa. Using the proposed model, the phase diagram of the CO2+H2O system is generated. An abrupt change in phase compositions is revealed during the transfer of the CO2-rich phase from vapor to liquid or supercritical. Furthermore, the preliminary simulation shows that the salting-out effect can considerably decrease the water content in the CO2-rich phase, which has not been well experimentally studied so far.
Colombia-United States Free Trade Agreement. An observation to the Colombian agricultural microeconomy projected towards development
Authors: Franky Melissa Stephanni Vargas , Núñez José Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

Through this article, the results of the Free Trade Agreement between Colombia and the United States were addressed, based on its effects on the exports of the Colombian agricultural sector and its repercussions on the rural microeconomy, using the following methods: a) Descriptive b) Comparative Method c) Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA) and d) Prospective Approach, being the main variables, competition, rural poverty in Colombia, concentration of rural property and the investment budget destined for the vulnerable agricultural sector, observing that Colombia's agricultural products do not have significant comparative advantages to compete with the North American market, which is evidenced in the deficit trade balance. Colombia is the most unequal country in the distribution of land in Latin America where the largest extensions are destined to the production of agrofuels and it is the small farmers who generate the largest number of crops for internal consumption, persisting despite the hostile conditions in the Colombian countryside, and the high rates of monetary and multidimensional poverty. These circumstances pose a risk to the country's food sovereignty by becoming dependent on imports, which is why a legal-economic proposal was made for Colombia based on the United Nations Declaration of the Right to Development.
Functional Evaluation of KEL as an Oncogenic Gene in the Progression of Acute Erythroleukemia
Authors: Wu Zijuan , Liu Wenjie , Yu Yan , Qiao Chun , Zhu Han , Hong Ming , Zhu Yu , Qian Sixuan , Chen Suning , Wu Depei , Li Jianyong , Jin Hui
Published: July 2021

Background Acute erythroleukemia (AEL) is an infrequent subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with worse prognosis. Though the last decade has seen major advances in the novel features and genomic landscape in AEL, there is still a lack of specific therapeutic targets and effective treatment approaches for this disease.MethodsTCGA database was used to screen out the oncogene with specifically aberrant expression in AEL. Protein array was performed to explore the activated signaling pathways and targets that undergo phosphorylation modulation. A series of functional analyses in cell lines and mice models were performed to investigate the biological significance and clinical relevance of KEL regulation in AEL. CHIP, EMSA and dual-luciferase activity assay were performed to explore the upstream regulation mechanism of KEL.ResultsIn this study, the results showed that KEL promoted cell proliferation and its downregulation reversed drug resistance in AEL cells to JQ1. Our findings suggested that KEL contributed to gain of H3K27 acetylation and promoted erythroid differentiation induced by GATA1. Additionally, GATA1 and TAL1 as co-Transcription factors (TFs) modulated the expression of KEL. Maintaining cell viability and differentiation, KEL also played parts in the immune evasion of tumor cells.ConclusionsOur work expands the current knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms involved in cancer onset and progression, offering promising therapeutic target to broaden the treatment options.
The TANDEM trial: protocol for the process evaluation of a randomised trial of a complex intervention for anxiety and/or depression in people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Kelly Moira , Steed Liz , Sohanpal Ratna , Pinnock Hilary , Barradell Amy , Dibao-Dina Clarisse , Mammoliti Kristie-Marie , Wileman Vari , Rowland Vickie , Newton Sian , Moore Anna , Taylor Stephanie
Published: July 2021

Background
TANDEM is a randomised controlled trial of a complex healthcare intervention to improve the psychological and physical health of people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and anxiety and/or depression. Based on health psychology theory set out in a logic model, respiratory health professionals were recruited and trained to deliver a cognitive behavioural approach intervention (The TANDEM intervention) under the supervision of senior cognitive behavioural practitioners. Here we describe the protocol for the process evaluation commissioned alongside the trial. A realist approach that includes attention to describing contexts and mechanisms has been adopted.
Methods
We set up a multi-disciplinary team to develop and deliver the process evaluation. The mixed-methods design incorporates quantitative process data; monitoring of intervention fidelity; qualitative interviews with patients, carers, health professionals (facilitators) and clinical supervisors about their perspectives on acceptability of the intervention; exploration with all stakeholders (including management/policy-makers) on future implementation. Normalization process theory (NPT) will inform data collection and interpretation with a focus on implementation. Quantitative process data will be analysed descriptively. Qualitative interview data will be analysed before the trial outcomes are known using analytic induction and constant comparison to develop themes. Findings from the different elements will be reported separately and then integrated.
Conclusion
Detailed description and analysis of study processes in a research trial such as TANDEM enables research teams to describe study contexts and mechanisms, and to examine the relationship with outcomes. In this way learning from the trial goes beyond the randomised control trial (RCT) model where effectiveness is prioritised and makes it possible to explore issues arising for post-trial study implementation.
Trial registration
ISRCTN, ID: ISRCTN59537391. Registered on 20 March 2017. Trial protocol version 6.0, 22 April 2018.
Sulfur Poisoning on Rh Nanoparticles but Sulfur Promotion on Its Single-Site Catalyst for Carbonylation
Authors: Ding Yun (J) , Feng Siquan , Mu Jiali , Lin Xiangsong , Song Xiangen , Safonova Olga , Nachtegaal Maarten , Liu Siyue , Yuan Qiao , Li Xingju , Zhang Weiqing , Wu Guorong , Yang Jiayue , Dong Wenrui , Yang Xueming , Li Jingwei , Jiang Zheng
Published: July 2021

Sulfur poisoning is a challenge for most nanoparticle metal catalysts. A trace amount of sulfur contaminants could result in dramatic catalytic activity reduction or even irreversible deactivation1-5. Therefore, new approaches to enhance the catalyst sulfur-resistance have continuously attracted attention from academia and industry. Herein, a role reversal of sulfur from poison to promotor is presented for an Rh-based heterogeneous catalyst from supported Rh nanoparticles (NPs) to its single-site catalysts (Rh1/AC, AC: activated carbon) in methanol carbonylation, ethylene and acetylene hydrocarboxylic reaction with a feed containing 1000 ppm H2S (S-feed). In situ free-electron laser/time of flight mass spectrometry (In situ FEL/TOF MS) indicated that H2S could be quickly transformed into catalyst-friendly CH3SCH3 and/or CH3SH on the Rh1/AC, which coordinated with the Rh ions and promoted its methanol carbonylation reaction, possessing a lower energy barrier based on DFT calculations. On the contrary, strong adsorption of H2S on the surface of Rh NPs inhibited the reaction of reactants.
Taxifolin Alleviates Metabolic and Neurochemical Alterations in Hippocampus and Cortex of Brain of Rotenone-Toxified Rats in Vivo and Effectively Interacts with Enzymes Involve in Neurotransmission in Silico
Authors: JOSIAH Sunday Solomon , Saliu Ibrahim Olabayode , Umar Haruna Isiyaku , Famusiwa Courage Dele , Akinmoladun Afolabi Clement
Published: July 2021

Rotenone is a naturally occurring compound and inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I. Its exposure is toxic and directly affects the function of mitochondrial which leads to neurodegeneration. Taxifolin is a flavonoid that exhibits therapeutic potentials in various neurodegenerative diseases via its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of taxifolin to alleviate metabolic and neurochemical alterations in the hippocampal and cortical region of brain of rotenone-toxified rats in vivo and to assess its influence on some enzymes involve in neurotransmission in silico. Taxifolin (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) was orally post-administered to male Wistar rats for 3 days after 10 days subcutaneous administration of rotenone. Activities of mitochondrial complex I, membrane ion pump and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated in the hippocampus and cortex of the brain of rotenone-toxified rats. Markers of neurotransmitter metabolism and oxidative stress were also biochemically estimated and molecular interaction between taxifolin and tyrosine hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase, glutamine synthetase and Na+K+ ATPase was determined by in silico simulation. Taxifolin attenuated dysfunction of mitochondrial, Na+K+ ATPase, LDH and modulate neurotransmitter metabolism. Also, the elicited oxidative stress was mitigated by taxifolin in the hippocampus and cortex of the brain of rotenone-toxified rats. The highest binding affinity was recorded in taxifolin and tyrosine hydroxylase complex. Hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions were the two key molecular interaction between the taxifolin and targeted enzymes. Thus, taxifolin significantly exert therapeutic effect against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in rats via anti-oxidative, as well as mitochondrial and neurotransmitter modulatory activity.
Nicotinamide as Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Translational Study Based on Metabolomics
Authors: Dalmasso Maria Carolina , Aran Martin , Galeano Pablo , Perin Silvia , Giavalisco Patick , Adami Pamela Victoria Martino , Castano Eduardo Migual , Cuello A. Claudio , Scherer Martin , Maier Wolfang , Wagner Michael , Reidel-Heller Steffi , Ramirez Alfredo , Morelli Laura
Published: July 2021

Background: The metabolic routes altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain are poorly understood. As the metabolic pathways are evolutionarily conserved, the metabolic profiles carried out in animal models of AD could be directly translated into human studiesMethods: We performed untargeted 1H-NMR metabolomics in hippocampus of McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic (Tg) rats, a model of AD-like cerebral amyloidosis. Three groups of 9 month-old rats were tested: hemizygous Tg+/-, displaying mild amyloid pathology characterized by intraneuronal amyloid β (iAβ) accumulation; homozygous Tg+/+, showing iAβ, senile plaques and neuroinflammation, and wild-type (WT). The translational potential of these findings was assessed in plasma of participants in the German longitudinal study on Aging, Cognition and Dementia (AgeCoDe), by targeted GC-EI/MS. Results: Eighteen metabolites were detected, three of them showed significant differences among genotypes, but only two were specifically assigned to a known molecule: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide (Nam). Only Tg+/+ rats showed significantly decreased levels of total-NAD, NADH and NAD+ as compared to WT, and a significant increase in NAD+/NADH ratio, suggesting an alteration of the redox state, alongside the reduction of all forms of NAD. Transcript levels of NAD-consuming and NAD-synthesis enzymes were increased in both transgenic genotypes. Next, Nam and NAD were evaluated at the peripheral level in rat plasma, where NAD/H was undetectable, Nam levels were unchanged among genotypes, but Trigonelline (a metabolic product of Nam) was reduced in Tg+/+. While trigonelline was undetected, Nam was significantly reduced in AD demented patients respect to cognitively normal participants (controls). This finding in Nam was replicated in a second independent case-control sample drawn from the same AgeCoDe. Next, the predictive value of Nam on disease progression was analyzed. Herein, reduction of Nam levels was observed in AgeCoDe participants who progressed to AD dementia ~1 year after blood collection, whereas Nam level were not reduced in those who converted afterwards. Conclusions: This preclinical study suggests that dysregulation of NAD/Nam depends on cerebral amyloid burden, and support the hypothesis that changes observed in the hippocampus may be detected in plasma. Furthermore, the findings in AgeCoDe points toward the potential use of Nam as plasma biomarker for AD.
Evaluation of Root Lodging Resistance During Whole Growth Period in Maize Using the Anti-Lodging Index Defined as Root Failure Moment Divided by Wind Resultant Moment
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Li Yinchang , Han Wei , Song Zhaoyu , Wang Shengjian , Yang Jinzhong
Published: July 2021

Root lodging due to strong storm wind is a common problem in maize (Zea mays) production, leading to reduced crop yield and quality and harvest efficiency. Little information is available on quantifying effects of vertical leaf area distribution on root lodging in crops such as maize. The anti-lodging index of root was computed by the formula: ALroot = Mroot / Mwind, where AL denotes anti-lodging index, and M moment of force. Root failure moment of force equals to moment arm times max root side-pulling force measured in situ by means of the digital pole dynamometer, and wind resultant moment of force is estimated with vertical leaf area distribution and wind speed. Two maize cultivars, with contrasting root lodging resistance, were examined at 5 different growth stages from V8 to physiological maturity in 2019 and 2020, in Qingdao, China. Root anti-lodging index in tested cultivars fluctuated to a small extent within any year during whole growth period excluding at V8, while there was an inter-annual shift in index means (1.23 vs 0.84). Both root failure moment and wind resultant moment increased first and then decreased with the growth stage, and their influence on root anti-lodging index varied with the year. At wind grade 6, effect sizes, as contribution to root anti-lodging index, of root moment and wind moment were respectively 0.88 and 0.98. The difference in anti-lodging index between cultivars seemed to be disappearing as wind grade goes up. Root failure moment of force positively related to single root tensile resistance, root-soil ball volume, root number and total root length, whose correlation coefficient was the maximum of 0.94. Root anti-lodging index of maize proved stable from V8 on during whole growth period, and vertical leaf area distribution played a substantial role in maize root lodging in terms of wind resultant moment. Our findings provide the insights into root lodging events in crops such as maize, and would serve an approach to assessing crop root lodging resistance in breeding and cultivation programs.
A Matrix Representation For Sustainable Activities
Authors: Mahmud Ahmed S. , Zachary Daniel S.
Published: July 2021

The present paper develops a matrix framework to determine the sustainability of multiple activities simultaneously. We define an activity as an action or process involving multiple resources; each activity depends upon other activities at a higher level. First, the problem of sustainability is framed in the context of an input-output model. Later, an infinite layer approach is adopted to represent different sectors of the economy and both renewable and non-renewable resources. Using the infinite layer approach, the concentration of renewable energy usage is calculated for each activity. The conversion to productive use varies from one resource to another. The current endeavor also focuses on enhancing energy efficiency to reduce non-renewable resource dependency.
Social Capital as a Moderator for Caregivers’ Psychological Distress: A Dynamic Panel Data Model Analysis in Japan
Authors: Oshio Takashi , Sugiyama Kemmyo
Published: July 2021

Background: The adverse impact of caregiving on caregivers’ mental health and the positive impact of social capital (SC) on health are both well understood. This study examined the moderating effect of SC on the association between family caregiving and caregivers’ psychological distress (PD).Methods: We used longitudinal data from 27,869 individuals born between 1946 and 1955. The data were collected from a 14-wave nationwide longitudinal survey conducted from 2005 to 2018. We estimated dynamic panel data (DPD) models, which could control for an individual’s time-invariant attributes in a dynamic framework. We did this to examine how SC moderated the association between informal caregiving and a caregiver’s PD (defined by a Kessler score of 13 or higher). We also examined how the results varied over time, as the caregiver’s age advanced.Results: Of the respondents aged 50–73 years, 12.5% of women and 8.4% of men provided care to their older parents or spouses. The DPD model results showed that the onset of caregiving increased the probability of PD (M 3.4%) by 2.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6%–2.7%) and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.5%–1.6%) for women and men, respectively. SC moderated the association between caregiving and a caregiver’s PD by 53.4% (95%: 30.4%–76.4%) and 84.9% (95% CI: 62.0%–107.8%) for women and men, respectively. We also observed that the moderating effect of SC on a caregiver’s PD increased as the caregiver’s age advanced in both women and men, preventing a deterioration in the psychological impact of caregiving. Conclusions: The results underscore the moderating effect of SC on the association between caregiving and PD. This suggests the need to keep family caregivers from being socially isolated, especially as they get older.
Removal of Hg2+ From Desulfurization Wastewater By Tannin-Immobilized Graphene Oxide
Authors: Chen Heng , Liu Fengjun , Cai Chenjian , Wu Hao , Yang Linjun
Published: July 2021

A novel adsorbent by immobilizing tannic acid (TA) on graphene oxide (GO) was proposed and used to remove Hg2+ from desulfurization wastewater. The morphology and physic-chemical property of tannin-immobilized graphene oxide (TAIGO) was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characterization results showed that the TA was immobilized on the GO successfully, and new functional groups were introduced on TAIGO. The effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and ion components on removal efficiency were evaluated. It was found that the adsorption process would complete within 15 min, and a higher removal efficiency could be obtained on the increased adsorbent dosage. The pH value would affect the protonation process of TAIGO and the form of Hg2+ in the wastewater. The high-concertation Cl- and SO32- would hinder the absorption performance, while SO42- and cations had a negligible impact. Besides, an excellent economic benefit of TAIGO was achieved in the regeneration performance evaluation experiment, and removal efficiency of was 88% remained after three recycles. Most importantly, the TAIGO exhibited a better adsorption performance and economic benefit than GO and TA. The adsorption process was fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model(R=0.9995), and the adsorption of TAIGO for Hg2+ was mainly relies on the functional groups on GO and the chelation reaction between TA and Hg2+. These facts indicated that the TAIGO was a low-cost and high removal of Hg2+ efficiency adsorbent, which could be further used in the practical desulfurization wastewater.
Prevalence of Dengue Virus, Chikungunya and Zika Infection in Blood Donors of Northern of Brazil
Authors: Lamarão Leticia Martins , Corrêa Angelita Silva Miranda , de Castro Renata Bezerra Hermes , Amaral Carlos Eduardo de Melo , Monteiro Patricia Danin Jordão , Palmeira Mauricio Koury , Lopes Luane Nascimento , Oliveira Angela Neves , de Lima Maria Salete Maciel , Burbano Rommel Rodríguez
Published: July 2021

We identified the prevalence of infection by the Dengue virus, Chikungunya and Zika in blood donors in epidemic and non-epidemic periods in the State of Pará, in Northern Brazil, we classify the donors (symptomatic or asymptomatic) and the possibility of this screening being carried out in a sample pool.
A Review of Trends and Crime Patterns of Arson Offences in India: 2009-2018
Authors: Savia Fernandes Glorita , Mulimani C. F.
Published: July 2021

Crime statistics provide innate knowledge on different types of crimes, their jurisdictions, current status and future predictive trends in society. This research paper is based on the review of data available in the national open access publication of crime data in the country. It focuses on arson offences in India for the last decade from 2009 to 2018. It is important to study national crime statistics to enhance policing and criminological studies in different trends encountered through research. Explaining the trends of a crime in a country can help in establishing better policies, reporting systems, investigative methods and ultimately, a better criminal justice system. While Criminology studies have been generally focused on behavior, causes, etc. associated with violent crimes like offences against the body, violence against women, offences against children; this paper is aimed at discussing trends with respect to arson, a lesser known offence in our country.