bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Content syndication in news aggregators. Towards devaluation of professional journalistic criterio
Authors: Edo Concha , Yunquera Juan , Bastos Helder
Published: February 2019

The growing expansion of Internet access and mass-scale usage of social networking platforms and search engines have forced digital newspapers to deal with challenges, amongst which are the need to constantly update news, the increasing complexity of sources, the difficulty of exercising their function as gatekeepers in a fragmented environment in which the opinions, biases and preconceptions of pundits, their followers, Twitter users, etc. has taken on a new and decisive weight and the mounting pressure to publish certain news items simply because they sell. They must also share audiences with aggregators devoted to the business of disseminating content produced by digital news publishers, blogs and RSS feeds, which is chosen on the basis of search engine algorithms, the votes of users or the preferences of readers. The fact that these computerized systems of news distribution seldom employ the criteria upon which journalism is based suggests that the work of gatekeeping is being reframed in a way that progressively eliminates journalists from the process of deciding what is newsworthy. This study of these trends has entailed a 47 point assessment of 30 news aggregators currently providing syndicated content and eight semi-structured interviews with editors of quality mass-distribution digital newspapers published in the U.S., Spain and Portugal.

La creciente expansión del acceso a Internet y el uso masivo de las plataformas de redes sociales y los motores de búsqueda han obligado a los medios digitales a enfrentarse a desafíos como la necesidad de actualizar constantemente las noticias, la creciente complejidad de las fuentes, la dificultad de ejercer su función de «gatekeeper» en un entorno fragmentado en el que las opiniones, los prejuicios y las ideas preconcebidas de los expertos y sus seguidores, los usuarios de Twitter, etc. han adquirido un peso nuevo y decisivo, y la creciente presión para publicar ciertas noticias simplemente porque venden. Tienen además que compartir audiencias con agregadores cuyo negocio consiste en difundir contenido producido por editores de noticias digitales, blogs y «feeds» RSS, que hacen la selección basándose en algoritmos de búsqueda, en los votos de los usuarios o en las preferencias de los lectores. El hecho de que estos sistemas computarizados de distribución de noticias rara vez tienen en cuenta criterios periodísticos sugiere que ese trabajo de selección se está replanteando de tal manera que se va eliminando progresivamente a los periodistas del proceso de decidir lo que tiene interés periodístico. Este estudio sobre las tendencias descritas se ha llevado a cabo mediante la evaluación de 47 parámetros en 30 agregadores de noticias que actualmente ofrecen contenido sindicado, y se ha completado con ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas con editores de medios digitales de calidad y de difusión elevada publicados en los EEUU, España y Portugal.
Constructing Donald Trump: Mobile apps in the political discourse about the President of the United States
Authors: Gómez-García Salvador , Gil-Torres Alicia , Carrillo-Vera José-Agustín , Navarro-Sierra Nuria
Published: February 2019

This paper explores the creation and content of apps about Donald Trump (n=412) published in Google Play between June 2015 and January 2018. The relevance of the study stems from both its objectives and its methodology. On the one hand, the aim was to characterise the profile, motivations and purposes of the developers of Donald Trump apps; and on the other, to identify the main features of the discourses in the most downloaded apps. The study relied on two resources: a qualitative questionnaire of open questions for developers (n=376), and a quantitative analysis of the content of apps that exceeded 5,000 downloads (n=117). The questionnaire identified the influence of political current affairs in the developers’ ideological and economic motivations, while the content analysis revealed the trends found over time, as well as the themes, discourses and ideological positioning of the most popular apps about Donald Trump. The findings provide an empirical basis for how the content of these apps was articulated with the news; the influence of content that went viral; hegemonic discourses; and the role played by developers of new expressive, commercial, informative and persuasive proposals in the intersection between mobile apps and political campaigns.

Esta investigación explora la creación y el mensaje de las apps sobre Donald Trump publicadas en la plataforma Google Play desde junio de 2015 hasta enero de 2018 (n=412). El interés del estudio proviene tanto de sus objetivos como de su metodología. Por un lado, se pretende detectar el perfil, motivaciones y propósitos de los desarrolladores de apps sobre la figura de Donald Trump y, por otro, identificar los principales rasgos de los discursos de las apps más descargadas. La investigación se ha desarrollado en dos frentes: un cuestionario cualitativo de preguntas abiertas a desarrolladores (n=376) y un análisis cuantitativo de contenido del mensaje de las apps que superaron las 5.000 descargas (n=117). El cuestionario ha identificado la influencia de la actualidad política en los desarrolladores y sus motivaciones de corte ideológico y económico mientras que el análisis de contenido ha revelado la tendencia y evolución de los temas, discursos y el posicionamiento ideológico de las apps más populares sobre Donald Trump. Los resultados establecen una base empírica en relación a la articulación del mensaje de las apps con la actualidad informativa, la influencia de los contenidos virales, los discursos hegemónicos y el rol de los desarrolladores de nuevas propuestas expresivas, comerciales, informativas y persuasivas en la conjunción de los ecosistemas de aplicaciones móviles y las campañas políticas.
Use of technologies and academic performance in adolescent students
Authors: García-Martín Sheila , Cantón-Mayo Isabel
Published: February 2019

Technologies have acquired strategic importance and have been defined as unprecedented educational tools. In this study, we analysed the use that 1,488 Spanish adolescents made of five tools (i.e. search engines, wikis, blogs, podcasts and instant messaging), and the impact that use of these tools had on their academic performance in science, mathematics, Spanish language and English. To this end, we explored frequency of use, time spent, purpose, place of use and level of satisfaction for each of the tools, as well as academic performance in the four subjects analysed, using the HEGECO instrument. Results revealed differential patterns in the use of technologies according to purpose, and in academic performance according to sex, age and use of the tools. Adolescents used search engines and wikis to carry out academic tasks, and podcasts for entertainment. In relation to academic performance, females presented better mean performance in linguistic subjects, and younger adolescents did so in all the subjects analysed. In relation to use of tools, the use of search engines was associated with better performance in science, Spanish language and English, while the use of podcasts was associated with better performance in mathematics. The implications of these results are discussed and evaluated.

Las tecnologías han adquirido una importancia estratégica, llegándose a definir como herramientas educativas sin precedentes. En este estudio se analiza el uso que 1.488 adolescentes españoles hacen de cinco herramientas; motores de búsqueda, wikis, blogs, podcast y mensajería instantánea, y se estudia el impacto de dicho uso en su rendimiento académico en Ciencias, Matemáticas, Lengua Castellana e Inglés. Para ello, se explora la frecuencia de uso, el tiempo dedicado, la finalidad, el lugar de uso y el grado de satisfacción con cada herramienta, así como los logros académicos obtenidos en las cuatro asignaturas analizadas, a través del instrumento HEGECO. Los resultados muestran patrones diferenciales en el uso de las tecnologías en función de la finalidad y en el rendimiento académico en función del sexo, de la edad y del uso de herramientas. Los adolescentes utilizan herramientas como motores de búsqueda y wikis para realizar tareas académicas y el podcast para divertirse. Relativo al rendimiento académico, las mujeres presentan un rendimiento promedio superior en las áreas lingüísticas, así como los adolescentes más jóvenes en todas las asignaturas analizadas. En función del uso de herramientas, el uso de motores de búsqueda se relaciona con un mayor rendimiento en Ciencias y en las áreas lingüísticas y el uso de podcast con un mayor rendimiento en Matemáticas. En este sentido, y a la luz de los resultados se discuten y se valoran las implicaciones.
The use of digital resources and materials In and outside the bilingual classroom
Authors: Navarro-Pablo Macarena , López-Gándara Yiyi , García-Jiménez Eduardo
Published: February 2019

Research on the integration of digital resources and materials in CLIL contexts is still scant. This article presents the results of a study carried out in eight schools in the province of Seville. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect the data regarding CLIL teachers' and learners' opinions on the intergration of digital resources and materials in the classroom. The aims of this study are: 1) To analyse teachers' and learners' perceptions on the integration of digital resources and materials in the CLIL classroom; 2) To analyse how the educational stage affects teachers' and learners' perceptions on this use; 3) To analyse the type of digital resources and materials in English that learners use outside the classroom. The following analyses have been carried out: Categorical Principal Components Analysis; Mann-Whitney U test; qualitative content analysis; finally, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. Results show that there are discrepancies between teachers' and learners' perceptions regarding the use of digital resources and materials in the classroom; and that these perceptions are affected by the educational stage. This study concludes that the type of resources and materials that learners use outside the classroom is determined by those used in the classroom. However, at home, they are used differently, which is indicative of the need to adapt classroom practices to learners’ own independent uses.

La investigación sobre la integración de recursos y materiales digitales en contextos AICLE es todavía escasa. Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos en ocho centros de la provincia de Sevilla, donde se han recogido las opiniones de alumnado y profesorado AICLE a través de cuestionarios y entrevistas. Los objetivos del estudio son: 1) Analizar las opiniones de los participantes sobre la integración de los recursos y materiales digitales en el aula; 2) Analizar cómo afecta la etapa educativa a las opiniones de ambos grupos; 3) Analizar el tipo de recursos y materiales digitales en lengua inglesa que utiliza el alumnado fuera del aula. Se han llevado a cabo los siguientes análisis: análisis de componentes principales categóricos; prueba no paramétrica U de Mann-Whitney; análisis de contenido; y se ha calculado el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Los resultados muestran discrepancias en las percepciones de profesorado y alumnado con respecto al uso de los recursos y materiales digitales en el aula; y que estas percepciones se ven afectadas por la etapa educativa. Este estudio concluye que el tipo de recursos que utiliza el alumnado fuera del aula está condicionado por el uso que se hace de ellos dentro de la misma. Sin embargo, en casa se utilizan de manera diferente, lo que revela la necesidad de adaptar las prácticas de aula a los usos autónomos del alumnado.
From media planner to media expert: The digital effect in advertising
Authors: Perlado-Lamo-de-Espinosa Marta , Papí-Gálvez Natalia , Bergaz-Portolés María
Published: February 2019

The increase in online audience and the development of Big Data in organizations modify the media planning activity and, consequently, the profile of the planner. Following the digital expansion, more information has become available to perform this task, but also, more complexity is observed in the work processes and in their agents’ structures. This paper analyzes the changes produced in the management of the media planner within the digital society. Through triangular research, comprising quantitative and qualitative methods, including a questionnaire that was administered to 140 media planners, and 5 interviews conducted with agency experts we examine the variations that have occurred in this professional role in terms of knowledge, the tools used and the skills they have had to maintain or update. It is noted that the adaptation to the digital context has required a substantial change in their work mechanics, the integration of off- and online strategies and digital specialization. Furthermore, with the help of current technology, immediate actions and reviews are implemented. Consequently, the media expert activity requires mastery of digital media planning tools, greater doses of innovation, analysis, business acumen and the ability to work effectively in multidisciplinary teams for multimedia environments.

El incremento de la audiencia «online» y el desarrollo del «big data» en las organizaciones modifican la actividad de la planificación de medios y, en consecuencia, el perfil del planificador. Tras el avance digital se dispone de mayor información para ejercer esta labor, pero, igualmente, se observa más complejidad en los procesos de trabajo y en las estructuras de sus agentes. Este trabajo analiza los cambios producidos en la gestión del planificador de medios en la sociedad digital. A través de una investigación triangular que incluye métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, donde se utiliza un cuestionario aplicado a 140 planificadores de medios y la realización de 5 entrevistas a expertos de agencias, se examinan qué variaciones se han producido en este rol profesional respecto a los conocimientos, herramientas utilizadas y competencias que han tenido que mantener o actualizar. Se constata que la adaptación al contexto digital supone un cambio sustancial en las mecánicas de trabajo, la integración de estrategias «off» y «online» y la especialización en digital. Asimismo, con la ayuda de la tecnología vigente, se implementan acciones y revisiones inmediatas. En consecuencia, la actividad del experto en medios exige el dominio de herramientas de planificación de medios digitales, mayores dosis de innovación, análisis, visión comercial y trabajar eficazmente en equipos multidisciplinares para entornos multimedia.
Ciblage d’inflation : quelle règle pour la Banque centrale des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (BCEAO) ?
Authors: Diaw Adama , Sall Abdoul Khadry
Published: February 2019

L’objectif de cet article est de déterminer une règle de ciblage de l’inflation pour la BCEAO dont l’opportunité pourrait être bien saisie à la suite de la nouvelle réforme institutionnelle de l’UMOA 1 et de la BCEAO. Ainsi, la règle optimale de politique monétaire qui serait susceptible de stabiliser le système macroéconomique et de servir de guide aux autorités de la BCEAO pour une stratégie de ciblage de l’inflation est déterminée. À cette fin, des simulations stochastiques sont effectuées pour la détermination des coefficients optimaux pendant la période 1980-2016. En considérant la zone UMOA dans son ensemble, les résultats montrent des règles optimales cohérentes et communicables car le taux d’intérêt augmente lorsque l’inflation est supérieure à la cible ainsi que lorsque la demande est supérieure à la production potentielle. Ils vérifient ainsi le respect du principe de Taylor. Par la suite, la comparaison faite entre ces règles montre qu’une règle forward-looking contenant un gradualisme de la politique monétaire semble être préférable. En plus d’être très agressive, elle donne un bon résultat en matière de stabilisation aussi bien de l’inflation que de l’activité économique et un meilleur résultat en matière de stabilisation du taux d’intérêt nominal et, donc, concilie l’ancrage nominal et la régulation conjoncturelle dans la zone UMOA.
Quelles politiques pour répondre aux chocs des termes de l’échange ?
Authors: Jacquet Pierre , Atlani Alexis , Lisser Marwan
Published: February 2019

Les chocs des termes de l’échange sont des déterminants importants de la croissance de long terme des pays en développement riches en ressources naturelles. Pour faire de l’abondance en matières premières un moteur du développement, deux défis doivent être relevés : l’un de long terme, la transformation d’une économie dépendante aux matières premières en une économie diversifiée ; l’autre de court terme, à savoir la gestion de la volatilité du prix des matières premières. Ces deux défis appellent des politiques publiques adaptées. Les mécanismes de transmission décrits dans la littérature existante montrent la complexité d’établir des recommandations générales : les politiques choisies doivent être adaptées à la situation. De plus, il apparaît nécessaire de porter une attention particulière à leur mise en œuvre, connaissant notamment les incitations bien documentées à s’écarter des recommandations et à mener des politiques inefficaces. Cet article suggère que la recommandation générale la plus pertinente consiste à retenir quelques principes robustes et à mettre en lumière les conditions nécessaires à leur application. Il propose également de renforcer les capacités de recherche des institutions locales pour faciliter leur compréhension et maîtrise des défis de politiques publiques et leur donner les moyens d’élaborer ces dernières en conséquence.
Taux de change réel et production manufacturière en Afrique : quels impacts ?
Authors: Guillaumont Jeanneney Sylviane , Hua Ping
Published: February 2019

Un récent courant de littérature a suggéré que les pays à faible revenu devraient systématiquement sous-évaluer leur monnaie et adopter un régime de flottement pour leur industrialisation. Sur la période 2000-2015, cet article estime l’impact des taux de change réels de quarante pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, dont la majorité sont à faible revenu et ont un taux de change fixe, sur leur valeur ajoutée manufacturière. Il apparaît que les taux de change réels des pays africains à l’égard du dollar et de l’euro n’ont guère d’impact sur la production manufacturière ; en revanche, leur appréciation vis-à-vis du renminbi (à condition de rester modérée) favorise l’industrie manufacturière, à l’inverse de l’appréciation vis-à-vis des monnaies des autres pays en développement. La diversité de ces résultats ne plaide pas en faveur d’une dépréciation systématique des monnaies africaines.
L’université entrepreneuriale : éléments historiques et débats
Authors: Schaeffer Véronique
Published: February 2019

Cet article propose de replacer le modèle de l’université entrepreneuriale dans une perspective historique afin de mieux apprécier la nature des changements constatés au sein du système universitaire depuis la fin du XXème siècle. L’université entrepreneuriale, engagée dans l’exploitation économique des résultats de la recherche et développant des partenariats avec le monde économique, s’est imposée comme un modèle guidant la transformation du système universitaire à travers le monde depuis les années 1980 et a suscité de nombreux débats. En considérant l’évolution des universités depuis leurs origines médiévales, il apparaît que les liens étroits qu’elles entretiennent avec le monde économique sont au cœur de cette évolution. Par ailleurs, le système universitaire est fait de diversité, en raison de la spécificité des contextes et des trajectoires. L’expérience a montré que la référence à un modèle unique d’université entrepreneuriale s’avère trop restrictive pour conduire la transformation du système universitaire. Classification JEL : O38, I23
L’influence de l’incubateur sur les missions du bureau de transfert de technologie au sein des universités : le cas de l’University City Science Center (États-Unis)
Authors: Kunegel Jean-Régis
Published: February 2019

Depuis la Loi Bayh Dole de 1980 aux Etats-Unis, les universités jouent un rôle clé dans le développement économique local et ce, notamment, à travers la création d’entreprises dérivées du transfert de technologie (dites « spin-off »). La plupart des travaux de recherche analysent des régions très dynamiques économiquement, comme la Californie ou la région de Boston. L’objectif de cette étude est de se concentrer sur un cluster moins abordé, celui de la région de Philadelphie. Sur la base d’une étude qualitative, nous nous concentrerons sur les liens entre l’incubateur University City Science Center et quelques universités de la région. Notre contribution met en évidence l’implication croissante des chercheurs académiques dans des activités commerciales liées à leur recherche, grâce au développement des centres de transfert de technologie. Également, ce n’est pas uniquement l’action du CTT ou de l’incubateur qui facilite l’octroi de capital privé mais véritablement la complémentarité des missions de ces deux organisations. Classification JEL : L26, M13, I23
Les médias d’information américains à l’épreuve du populisme autoritaire de l’Administration Trump
Authors: Mort Sébastien
Published: February 2019

La présidence Trump a installé un climat politique menaçant pour les médias d’information grand public. En partant de la prémisse que celle-ci incarne une forme de populiste autoritarisme, cet article développe la thèse que Donald J. Trump déploie 4 types de stratégies d’intimidation : menaces de représailles institutionnelles, manœuvres d’opacification de la communication sur le processus décisionnaire, remise en cause de l’éthique des journalistes, et encouragements adressés à ses partisans à exprimer leur colère contre les médias.
Politiques à destination des classes moyennes, facteur d’égalité ou d’inégalité ?
Authors: Smith Bradley
Published: February 2019

Les années 1950 voient l’émergence d’une idéologie selon laquelle l’héritage politique du New Deal aurait permis aux États-Unis de devenir une société de classes moyennes. Grâce à la mise en place de l’État-providence, d’une fiscalité très progressive et d’une politique d’accès à la propriété immobilière, les inégalités sont peu importantes et de nombreux Américains de la classe ouvrière viennent gonfler les rangs des classes moyennes : les politiques à destination de ces dernières seraient donc un facteur d’égalité important. Or, depuis la fin des années 1970, les États-Unis assistent au retour d’inégalités économiques telles qu’ils ne les avaient pas connues depuis les années 1920. La classe moyenne serait aujourd’hui en train de s’effriter, ce que certains imputent à la cupidité de la haute finance, d’autres à une fiscalité excessive et une réglementation trop stricte. Cet article défend la thèse que les politiques à destination des classes moyennes peuvent aussi être facteurs d’inégalité lorsque, pour maintenir leur mode de vie, des membres de cette classe soutiennent les réductions d’impôt, la déréglementation et d’autres politiques néolibérales. Le paradoxe est que ce sont ces mêmes politiques qui à terme rendent le mode de vie de la classe moyenne moins accessible au grand nombre.
Les images parentales dans la psychothérapie analytique des patients âgés
Authors: Charazac Pierre
Published: February 2019

La psychothérapie montre que le présent et l’avenir des sujets âgés dépendent en grande partie de leur capacité de prendre conscience et de transformer les images parentales de leur enfance. Après la présentation d’une première vignette, le retour des imagos chez deux patients atteints d’un processus neurodégénératif montre le double caractère étayant et persécuteur propre à ces prototypes archaïques. L’entrée de tels patients en travail de trépas exige du thérapeute une qualité de présence particulière, analogue à celle de la mère réelle face à l’imago maternelle archaïque, qui mobilise ses propres imagos et par conséquent l’analyse de son contre-transfert.
De l’ a bjection à l’ a version dans le lien au sujet neuro-affecté
Authors: Peretti Pascale
Published: February 2019

Les violentes déconstructions psychiques et identitaires engagées par les troubles neurologiques ne sont pas sans occasionner des affects et pulsions d’une violence équivalente chez les patients, et plus encore chez leurs proches. Le dégoût, la honte de l’autre ou pour l’autre, les angoisses de destitution subjective, voire de déshumanisation, sont prégnantes et engendrent fréquemment, chez les proches de sujets neuro-affectés, des réactions de colère, d’agressivité et de sadisme qui pourraient se poser comme des tentatives de refondation subjective visant à faire limite à l’ a bjection. Dans un contexte sociétal et institutionnel qui s’intéresse de plus en plus aux dits « aidants naturels » des patients, au prix de leur prescrire, parfois même implicitement, une certaine ligne de conduite disqualifiant les affects négatifs et violents tenus pour « sur-handicapants », l’accueil de cette part d’horreur qui traverse les sujets devient un axe crucial du dispositif psychothérapique.
La répartition spatiale des cessations d’entreprises
Authors: Arcuri Giuseppe , Brunetto Marc , Levratto Nadine
Published: February 2019

Cet article cherche à mettre en évidence les effets de diffusion spatiale des cessations d’entreprises en France au cours de la période 2008-2013. Pour ce faire, et en s’appuyant sur les recherches qui traitent de la manière dont la localisation et la proximité déterminent les performances des entreprises, nous recourons aux outils de l’analyse spatiale afin d’estimer si, et dans quelle mesure, les cessations sur une unité spatiale donnée sont, ou non, sensibles à ce qui se passe à proximité. Obtenus à partir de données sur les départements français, nos résultats montrent i) que les cessations d’entreprises ne sont pas réparties aléatoirement sur le territoire national, ii) que les départements semblables ont tendance à être proches, iii) que l’autocorrélation spatiale varie dans le temps et iv) qu’il n’existe pas de phénomène de convergence permettant de considérer un rapprochement des taux de cessation entre les différents départements. JEL codes  : R11, R12, R32
S’orienter tout au long de la vie : bilan et perspectives de recherches
Authors: Soidet Isabelle , Blanchard Serge , Olry-Louis Isabelle
Published: February 2019

Résumé – L’objectif de cette note est de faire un bilan critique des travaux publiés en psychologie de l’orientation professionnelle autour du paradigme de l’orientation tout au long de la vie. Après une introduction historique, une seconde partie présente les principales évolutions, les notions et concepts clés ainsi que les questionnements actuels. En conclusion sont évoquées des perspectives de développement pour la recherche et les pratiques.
À partir de quels critères les apprenants évaluent-ils le « soutien organisationnel » à leur formation ?
Authors: Bosset Isabelle , Bourgeois Étienne
Published: February 2019

Cette contribution concerne les critères à partir desquels un collaborateur suivant une formation externe à son entreprise évalue le « soutien » que celle-ci accorde à sa formation. Nous nous intéressons aux pratiques organisationnelles (« soutien organisationnel ») à l’égard de la formation du collaborateur et aux critères à partir desquels il les évalue. Nos résultats nous permettent d’avancer deux hypothèses : 1) que les pratiques organisationnelles censées soutenir la formation sont diversement appréciées en fonction de certains critères ; 2) que de cette évaluation résulte une perception globale et individuelle de soutien. Ainsi, il ne peut exister de soutien organisationnel à la formation universelle.
A Discussion on Transnationality and Globalness of HEI Internationalization
Authors: Moreira António Carrizo , Brandão Fábio , Longa Inês , Campolargo Luís , Lopes Ana Rita Carvalho
Published: February 2019

The internationalization of higher education institutions (HEIs) involve a set of activities aimed at providing an educational experience in an environment that integrates a global perspective. The internationalization of HEIs incorporates a diverse set of academic and extracurricular activities with emphasis on the development and innovation of curricula, academic/student/faculty exchange programs, technological assistance, intercultural training, international student recruitment, and joint research initiatives. Despite the several studies on the internationalization of HEIs, no single study addresses issues like local responsiveness and global integration. As such, the authors discuss how the internationalization of HEIs has evolved and how Bartlett and Ghoshal's strategies fit in the internationalization path of HEIs.
Information System Projects for Higher Education Management
Authors: Gerón-Piñón Gabriela , Solana-González Pedro , Pérez-González Daniel , Trigueros-Preciado Sara
Published: February 2019

This chapter studies the challenges that higher education institutions (HEIs) in Latin America face for the implementation of information systems (IS), highlighting specific characteristics of the region compared with other parts of the world. The study evidences distinctives of universities in comparison with other type of industries that need to be considered for the implementation of IS. Critical success factors and barriers for IS implementation projects are also recognized through a compilation of the experience of experts who have participated in projects in 14 countries in the region. It is intended that this work research will serve as a reference for institutions that are seeking the implementation of IS, and that it will also serve as guide for interested stakeholders—academics, researchers, administrators, and managers—to start such projects and ensure the understanding of the conditions required that will help them succeed.
Epistemological Foundations and Mapping the Influence of the Correlation of KM and IC in the Areas of Corporate and Academia
Authors: Pereira Neimar Pinto , Machado Carolina F.
Published: February 2019

This chapter has, as a central objective, to present a possible panorama of the relationship between knowledge management and intellectual capital in the organizational and academic spheres and their epistemological bases. In other words, what these similar branches from the same tree have been reflecting of these spheres. It was perceived that the relation between them is in line with the spectrum of concepts and its epistemological roots inherent to knowledge. The methodology used was based on literature review with subsequent presentation of the results through the elaboration of a concept map. The design of this concept map takes on particular relevance as it can contribute to the improvement of the development and maturation of the concatenation of KM and IC in the organizational field, as well as the academic one, which have been undergoing a timid and embryonic evolution on investigations that approach the interrelation of those dimensions on the part of the respective areas.
The Case of Public Capital Budgeting and Management Processes in the United States
Authors: Ermasova Natalia B. , Ebdon Carol
Published: February 2019

This chapter provides a case study from the United States regarding public capital budgeting and management on the federal, state, and local levels. The U.S. case of the public investment process (or positive theory for United States public investment) is described and compared with the normative theory outlined in Chapter 1 to understand the deviation between the positive and normative theories. This chapter presents an analysis of four main components of the USA capital budgeting system including (1) long-term public capital planning, (2) annual public budgeting and financing, (3) project execution, and (4) public infrastructure evaluation. In addition, this chapter shows public infrastructure needs and financing issues in the United States.
Thai Public Capital Budget and Management Process
Authors: Srithongrung Arwiphawee , Kriz Kenneth A.
Published: February 2019

This chapter describes the public capital budgeting process in Thailand. Public infrastructure is very centralized; local governments do not play a large role in public infrastructure investment. The country's long-term physical planning is fragmented and lacks an effective long-term fiscal planning. The budget process is dominated by senior civil servants in the Bureau of the Budget, the Ministry of Finance, Bank of Thailand, and the National Economic and Social Development Board. Expensive projects financed by long-term debt bypass the budget process, and as a result, a comprehensive list of annually approved projects is unavailable to the public. This leads to public investment being driven almost entirely by debt capacity. Because of these factors, Thai governments have invested too little in public infrastructure, and the infrastructure investment is uneven across sectors.
Enzymes Production From Food Waste and Their Application
Authors: Kumar Vismaya N. , Rebello Sharrel , Raveendran Sindhu , Parameswaran Binod , Pandey Ashok , Aneesh Embalil Mathachan , Prabhakumari C.
Published: February 2019

The chapter reviews the fermentation-based production of industrially important enzymes from food waste (FW). Nearly one-third of the food produced globally is wasted and poses serious problems regarding its disposal. A number of dumping systems have been developed in the nations worldwide which has later become a threat to the environment. This problem is both of an environmental and economic concern. Recent developments in the area have revealed the application of bioremediation as the best way to dispose food waste. Composting and anaerobic digestion of the organic waste are gaining importance for the better use of household-level waste rather than just dumping it in landfill sites. This chapter focuses mainly on the different types of FW, its disposal techniques, optimization of the fermentation process for the production of different industrially valued enzymes like amylases, cellulases, pectinases, proteases, phytases, and a few others using a wide range of microorganisms from different types of food waste like kitchen waste and food processing waste.
Impact of Industry 4.0 Revolution on Science, Technology, and Society (STS)
Authors: Ulusoy Tuba , Yasar Esra , Aktan Mehmet
Published: February 2019

The Industry 4.0 concept, which leads the Fourth Industrial Revolution, was introduced by Germany in 2011 at the Hannover Messe trade fair and attracted the attention of the world. Since that time, its effects have been seen in different fields, such as science, technology, and society. In this chapter, in order to investigate the effects of Industry 4.0 revolution, answers to the following questions will be presented: Are there any concerns about technological unemployment as a result of Industry 4.0. revolution? Which professions have emerged? How has Industry 4.0 affected society directly or indirectly? What are the technologies of this concept? How do these technologies affect manufacturing and service systems? What are the challenges of implementing the technologies of Industry 4.0? What are the benefits of digitalized manufacturing? Which studies are conducted to accelerate the shift of Industry 4.0 from science to reality? and Which studies have been conducted so far about this concept?
Digital Social Networking
Authors: Dhar Suparna , Bose Indranil , Khan Mohammed Naved
Published: February 2019

Digital social networking (DSN) sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, Instagram, Pinterest, among many others have garnered millions of users worldwide. It is an instance of information and communication technology that has brought about changes in the way people communicate, interact, and affected human lifestyle and psyche across the world. Some people have become addicted; some see this as beneficial, while others are skeptical about its consequences. This risk-benefit paradox of DSN flummoxes academicians and practitioners alike. This chapter discusses the social and organizational and business risks and benefits of DSN. It goes on to provide a timeline of the evolution of DSN sites, enumeration of typical characteristics of DSN sites, and a systematic comparison of offline and digital social networking. The chapter intends to serve as a cornerstone towards developing a framework for organizational strategy formulation for DSN.
Sexting Behaviors Among Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Ehrenreich Samuel E. , Meter Diana J. , Underwood Marion K.
Published: February 2019

Exchanging sexually explicit messages has become an increasingly common form of interaction for both adolescents and adults. Although sexting has been identified as a risk factor for a variety of negative outcomes, this research has generally been conducted without attention to the relationship context of the communicators. This chapter will examine the prevalence of sexting in the context of existing romantic relationships, and how sexting may relate to features of the relationship. The authors will review existing research examining motivations for sexting with romantic partners, pressure to engage in sexting, and associations between sexting and romantic attachment styles and relationship satisfaction. The chapter will conclude with discussion of important future directions for research.
Wearables and Workload
Authors: Schwartz Michael , Oppold Paul , Hancock P. A.
Published: February 2019

Prior research has reported that novelty affects the usage cycle of wearable devices. This chapter investigates the effects of sensation seeking, intensity, novelty, gender, and prior experience on the workload experienced during one aspect of using wearable fitness trackers, the device installation process. Contrary to the authors' hypotheses, prior experience, sensation seeking, intensity, and novelty did not significantly affect workload. The findings suggest that males tend to experience less workload during the setup of wearable fitness trackers; however, only for the Basis B1 and only for some aspects of workload. The claims made by prior research may be limited to specific aspects of the wearable fitness tracker use cycle, and more investigation is needed before broader claims can be made.
Who Wants an Automated Vehicle?
Authors: Thurlow David A. , Sawyer Ben D.
Published: February 2019

New advancements in vehicle automation, electrification, data connectivity, and digital methods of sharing—known collectively as New Mobility—are poised to revolutionize transportation as it is known today. Exactly what results this disruption will lead to, however, remains unknown, as indeed the technologies and their uses are still taking shape amidst myriad interests. The impacts of this shift to New Mobility could be enormous, shaping economies, cities, and the lives of people in them. It is therefore vitally important for public interests to play a strong role in the development and deployment of these technologies. With the current trajectory of these technologies warning of the potential for increased energy use, environmental costs, and social inequity, interests at the community level need to be included and influential as soon as possible.
A Multi-Feature Based Automatic Approach to Geospatial Record Linking
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yang Puhai , Li Chaopeng , Zhang Gengrui , Wang Cheng , He Hui , Hu Xiang , Guan Zhitao
Published: February 2019

This article describes how geographic information systems (GISs) can enable, enrich and enhance geospatial applications and services. Accurate calculation of the similarity among geospatial entities that belong to different data sources is of great importance for geospatial data linking. At present, most research works use the name or category of the entity to measure the similarity of geographic information. Although the geospatial relationship is significant for geographic similarity measure, it has been ignored by most of the previous works. This article introduces the geospatial relationship and topology, and proposes an approach to compute the geospatial record similarity based on multiple features including the geospatial relationships, category and name tags. In order to improve the flexibility and operability, supervised machine learning such as SVM is used for the task of classifying pairs of mapping records. The authors test their approach using three sources, namely, OpenStreetMap, Google and Wikimapia. The results showed that the proposed approach obtained high correlation with the human judgements.
Framework for GeoSpatial Query Processing by Integrating Cassandra With Hadoop
Authors: Vasavi S. , Priya Mallela Padma , Gokhale Anu A.
Published: February 2019

We are moving towards digitization and making all our devices, such as sensors and cameras, connected to internet, producing bigdata. This bigdata has variety of data and has paved the way to the emergence of NoSQL databases, like Cassandra, for achieving scalability and availability. Hadoop framework has been developed for storing and processing distributed data. In this chapter, the authors investigated the storage and retrieval of geospatial data by integrating Hadoop and Cassandra using prefix-based partitioning and Cassandra's default partitioning algorithm (i.e., Murmur3partitioner) techniques. Geohash value is generated, which acts as a partition key and also helps in effective search. Hence, the time taken for retrieving data is optimized. When users request spatial queries like finding nearest locations, searching in Cassandra database starts using both partitioning techniques. A comparison on query response time is made so as to verify which method is more effective. Results show the prefix-based partitioning technique is more efficient than Murmur3 partitioning technique.
A Geo-Informatics Technique for the Management of Meningitis Epidemic Distributions in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ayanlade Oluwatoyin S. , Baloye David O. , Jegede Margaret O. , Ayanlade Ayansina
Published: February 2019

This study aims at examining and mapping the spatiotemporal distribution of meningitis epidemic, in relation to climate variability, using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques. Using the northern part of Nigeria as a case study, data on meningitis epidemic were obtained from the archive of National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria for the periods between 1998 and 2013. The data were updated with collection from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Also, Nigerian Ministry of Health has compiled consistent statistics on meningitis incidence for the periods. A meningitis distribution map was derived from an environmentally-driven form of predicted probability of epidemic experience as it is in International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) Database. The results showed that Meningitis Epidemic is very high during months with low rainfall. Thus, seasonality of rainfall and temperature are important determinants of Meningitis Epidemic incidence in the Northern part of Nigeria. Therefore, it can be confirmed, as cited in some literatures, that the distribution of the epidemics has a strong association with the environment, especially climate variability. Although meningitis surveillance systems in Nigeria have improved, they still fall short of the sensitivity required to demonstrate incidence changes in vaccinated and non-vaccinated cohorts and complementary approaches may be needed to demonstrate the impact of the vaccines. There is however, a need for a new technology and innovation like an integrated GIS, and other environmental modeling system, to allow health practitioners as well as policy makers, for better management, productivity and profitability.
On Visual Computing for Architectural Heritage
Authors: Brusaporci Stefano
Published: February 2019

Aim of the chapter is to present a critical discourse on the use of visual computing for the study of historic architecture. From the analysis of the experiences in other scientific fields and of current researches in the architectural one, the paper highlights how visual computing has become an important approach in built heritage study and how it could favor new lines, in particular according to the non-linear spatial narratives of the 3D models. They are useful to analyze and describe the buildings and provide an aggregative core for the heterogeneous bulk of information related to historic buildings (drawings, texts, images, data, metadata, etc.). In this way visual architectural modeling and database modeling correlate together, and the whole system gives rise to complex informative models – manipulable, navigable and interactive –, helpful for the understanding, knowledge, preservation, communication and enhancement of architectural heritage.
Development and Implementation of Interoperable Secure SDI Model Using Open Source GIS
Authors: Barik Rabindra K.
Published: February 2019

It is observed that none of the academic institutes in India contributes for the development of SDI model at national level. Some of the developed models are not highly encouraging with respect to technical, organisational and institutional aspects. Non-availability of a standard functional SDI model based on SOA, Lack of technical interoperability and security aspects have also been a prime concern in SDI models using Open Source GIS (OSGIS). This article discusses appropriate application areas, i.e. the Education Sector, Geographical Indication and Mineral Resources Information Infrastructures to develop and implement the SDI model by a suitable adoption of OSS. The architecture of SOA-based interoperable and secure SDI models, which links the metadata server to database server, 3-tier interoperability and security framework with the help of OSGIS is developed and implemented.
Alternative Tool for an Integrative Landscape Interpretation
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo J. , Lopes Joana Corte , Boucault François
Published: February 2019

This chapter aims to describe an alternative tool developed to represent the interdependence established in the landscape between the human activities and the capacity of natural resources to answer for their needs. Therefore, focused on a case study of the Arrábida Maritime Coast located in Portugal, the research not only allowed to analyze the ecological and cultural landscape components but also to diagnose its resilience to the human activities. In this sense, considering the functional limits of the current cartographic representation models, it was also necessary to set up a new complementary diagrammatic model to show how the landscape interdependences are established. Despite their complex scientific data calculation nature associated with the geoprocessing techniques to connect both representation models, this alternative tool has integrative and intuitive interpretation features, by which it is possible to know the landscape suitability to support new land uses and land covers.
The Integral of Spatial Data Mining in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Gebremeskel Gebeyehu Belay , Yi Chai , He Zhongshi
Published: February 2019

Data Mining (DM) is a rapidly expanding field in many disciplines, and it is greatly inspiring to analyze massive data types, which includes geospatial, image and other forms of data sets. Such the fast growths of data characterized as high volume, velocity, variety, variability, value and others that collected and generated from various sources that are too complex and big to capturing, storing, and analyzing and challenging to traditional tools. The SDM is, therefore, the process of searching and discovering valuable information and knowledge in large volumes of spatial data, which draws basic principles from concepts in databases, machine learning, statistics, pattern recognition and 'soft' computing. Using DM techniques enables a more efficient use of the data warehouse. It is thus becoming an emerging research field in Geosciences because of the increasing amount of data, which lead to new promising applications. The integral SDM in which we focused in this chapter is the inference to geospatial and GIS data.