bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kounis and Takotsubo, Two Syndromes Bound by Adrenaline: The “ATAK” Complex
Authors: Ballesteros Ravi Vazirani , Polo Juan Carlos Gómez , Olmos Carmen , Vilacosta Isidre
Published: September 2023

Background. The term “ATAK” complex has been coined by the association of adrenaline, takotsubo, anaphylaxis and Kounis syndrome. We present an uncommon case of an “ATAK” complex with biphasic onset and a midventricular takotsubo pattern. Case Summary. A 50-year-old male was brought to the emergency department in anaphylactic shock. He had progressive exertional dyspnea and angina for the past 2 days. The intravenous administration of adrenaline for anaphylactic shock resulted in chest pain and concerning ECG repolarization findings. The patient was immediately transferred to the catheterization laboratory. Coronary angiography showed a midventricular ballooning pattern without significant coronary stenosis, with subsequent recovery during hospitalization, suggestive of takotsubo syndrome. The allergy tests remained inconclusive for the trigger. Discussion. Adrenaline-mediated stress is the link between these two entities, in which Kounis syndrome itself or anaphylactic shock treatment (adrenaline) are potential triggers for takotsubo syndrome.
Nematocidal Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Persea americana Seeds against Heligmosomoides polygyrus using the Worm Microtracker Method
Authors: Cédric Yamssi , Nadia Noumedem Anangmo Christelle , Nfufu Sandra , Azizi Mounvera Abdel , Sandra Tientcheu Noutong Jemimah , Payne Vincent Khan
Published: September 2023

Background. Infections with gastrointestinal helminths constitute a serious obstacle to the good health of the local population in most African Countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of Persea americana ethanol and aqueous extracts against Heligmosomoides polygyrus using the worm microtracker. Method. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of P. americana were prepared. Different concentrations of the extracts were tested against the egg and larvae stages of H. polygyrus using an automated high-throughput method. Briefly, embryonated eggs and larvae of this parasite were obtained after the incubation of fresh eggs at 25°C for 24, 48, and 96 hours for embryonated eggs, L1 and L2 larvae, respectively. One hundred microliters of the plant extracts at various concentrations were put in contact in a 96-well microplate with a suspension of 100 embryonated eggs in a total volume of 200 μL and incubated in a worm microtracker where the motility of the worms was recorded every 30 minutes for the ovicidal activity. The final tested extract concentration was 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125 mg/mL, whereas ringer solution (0.95%) and 1.5% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as negative controls and levamisole as positive control. The same method was used for larvicidal activities. The anthelmintic activity was determined using the average movement of the worms in the tested product compared with the negative control (1.5% DMSO and ringer solution). Results. The egg hatching rates of H. polygyrus had IC50 of 0.49 mg/mL (95% confidence interval: 71.70–92.03) and 0.22 mg/mL (95% confidence interval: 74.28–86.18) for the ethanol and aqueous extract, respectively. These IC50 indicate that the aqueous extract is more active for the inhibition of hatching at a 95% confidence interval. The aqueous and ethanol extracts presented mean inhibitory hatching rates of

78.33
±
1.67
%

and

75.67
±
1.15
%

at 5 mg/mL, respectively, with no significant differences. The highest percentage of inhibition of L1 larva was observed at 5 mg/mL with

89
±
2.3
%

and

85
±
2.7
%

for the ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. The lowest percentage of inhibition was observed at 0.3125 mg/mL, with

54.67
±
3.38
%

and

49
±
2.64
%

for the ethanol and aqueous extract, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two extracts at 5 mg/mL with an inhibitory percentage of

90.67
±
3.05
%

(ethanol) and

89.33
±
2.08
%

(aqueous). Conclusion. Extracts of P. americana seeds possess nematocidal activity, however, further in silico and in vivo investigations are necessary to confirm their anthelminthic activity.
Early-Stage Breast Cancer Detection in Breast Milk
Authors: Saura Cristina , Ortiz Carolina , Matito Judit , Arenas Enrique J. , Suñol Anna , Martín Ágatha , Córdoba Octavi , Martínez-Sabadell Alex , García-Ruiz Itziar , Miranda Ignacio , Morales-Comas Clara , Carrasco Estela , Viaplana Cristina , Peg Vicente , Nuciforo Paolo , Bayó-Puxan Neus , Gonzalez-Medina Alberto , Miquel Josep M. , Gómez-Rey Marina , Villacampa Guillermo , Arévalo Silvia , Espinosa-Bravo Martín , Balmaña Judith , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Arribas Joaquin , Tabernero Josep , Vivancos Ana , Sansó Miriam
Published: September 2023

Breast cancer occurring during pregnancy (PrBC) and postpartum (PPBC) is usually diagnosed at more advanced stages compared with other breast cancer, worsening its prognosis. PPBC is particularly aggressive, with increased metastatic risk and mortality. Thus, effective screening methods to detect early PrBC and PPBC are needed. We report for the first time that cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) is present in breast milk (BM) collected from patients with breast cancer. Analysis of ctDNA from BM detects tumor variants in 87% of the cases by droplet digital PCR, while variants remain undetected in 92% of matched plasma samples. Retrospective next-generation sequencing analysis in BM ctDNA recapitulates tumor variants, with an overall clinical sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 100%. In two cases, ctDNA was detectable in BM collected 18 and 6 months prior to standard diagnosis. Our results open up the potential use of BM as a new source for liquid biopsy for PPBC detection.

Significance:

For the first time, we show that BM obtained from patients with breast cancer carries ctDNA, surpassing plasma-based liquid biopsy for detection and molecular profiling of early-stage breast cancer, even prior to diagnosis by image.

See related commentary by Cunningham and Turner, p. 2125.

This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2109
Neoadjuvant Durvalumab Alone or Combined with Novel Immuno-Oncology Agents in Resectable Lung Cancer: The Phase II NeoCOAST Platform Trial
Authors: Cascone Tina , Kar Gozde , Spicer Jonathan D. , García-Campelo Rosario , Weder Walter , Daniel Davey B. , Spigel David R. , Hussein Maen , Mazieres Julien , Oliveira Julio , Yau Edwin H. , Spira Alexander I. , Anagnostou Valsamo , Mager Raymond , Hamid Oday , Cheng Lin-Yang , Zheng Ying , Blando Jorge , Tan Tze Heng , Surace Michael , Rodriguez-Canales Jaime , Gopalakrishnan Vancheswaran , Sellman Bret R. , Grenga Italia , Soo-Hoo Yee , Kumar Rakesh , McGrath Lara , Forde Patrick M.
Published: September 2023

Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy improves pathologic complete response rate and event-free survival in patients with resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) versus chemotherapy alone. NeoCOAST was the first randomized, multidrug platform trial to examine novel neoadjuvant immuno-oncology combinations for patients with resectable NSCLC, using major pathologic response (MPR) rate as the primary endpoint. Eighty-three patients received a single cycle of treatment: 26 received durvalumab (anti–PD-L1) monotherapy, 21 received durvalumab plus oleclumab (anti-CD73), 20 received durvalumab plus monalizumab (anti-NKG2A), and 16 received durvalumab plus danvatirsen (anti-STAT3 antisense oligonucleotide). MPR rates were higher for patients in the combination arms versus durvalumab alone. Safety profiles for the combinations were similar to those of durvalumab alone. Multiplatform immune profiling suggested that improved MPR rates in the durvalumab plus oleclumab and durvalumab plus monalizumab arms were associated with enhanced effector immune infiltration of tumors, interferon responses and markers of tertiary lymphoid structure formation, and systemic functional immune cell activation.

Significance:

A neoadjuvant platform trial can rapidly generate clinical and translational data using candidate surrogate endpoints like MPR. In NeoCOAST, patients with resectable NSCLC had improved MPR rates after durvalumab plus oleclumab or monalizumab versus durvalumab alone and tumoral transcriptomic signatures indicative of augmented immune cell activation and function.

See related commentary by Cooper and Yu, p. 2306.

This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2293
Population Genome Programs across the Middle East and North Africa: Successes, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Ateia Hagar , Ogrodzki Pauline , Wilson Hannah V. , Ganesan Subhashini , Halwani Rabih , Koshy Ashish , Zaher Walid A.
Published: September 2023

In this review, we discuss the current state of population genome programs (PGPs) conducted in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. This region has high prevalence of genetic diseases and significant health challenges as well as being a significantly underrepresented population in public genetic databases. The majority of ongoing PGPs represent regions in Europe, North and South America, South Asia, Australia, and Africa, with little to no descriptive information highlighted only on the MENA Region when it comes to genome programs databases, outcomes, or the challenges that MENA region countries may face establishing their own national programs. This review has identified 6 PGPs currently underway in the MENA region, namely in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Iran. Due to the rapidly growing involvement of the MENA region in national-scale genomic data collection, an increase in representation in public genetic databases is to be expected to occur in the near future. Whilst significant progress is being made in some MENA countries, future initiatives as well as ongoing programs will be facing several challenges related to collaboration, finance, infrastructure and institutional data access, data analysis, sustainability, health records, and biobanks. The review also reiterates the need for ensuring ethical and regulated genomic initiatives which can drive developments in personalized medicine treatments to improve patient prognosis and quality of life.
O bairro Vila Industrial em Campinas (SP): entre a preservação e o Plano Diretor
Authors: Raposo Mariana Figueiredo , Farah Ana Paula
Published: September 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender a interface entre a preservação e o instrumento do Plano Diretor no bairro histórico da Vila Industrial, na cidade de Campinas, estado de São Paulo. O escopo da interface foi desenvolvido a partir da análise do bairro, um território com grande demanda patrimonial que possui características culturais e arquitetônicaspreservadas ao longo do tempo. A investigação compreende como se formou a Vila Industrial e em quais condições se configura nos dias de hoje, com o intuito de verificar os impactos que esse território enfrenta, a partir da Lei Complementar nº 189, de 08 de janeiro de 2018, quando houve a revisão do Plano Diretor de Campinas. Para conduzir este estudo, a metodologia utilizada se baseou no referencial teórico-crítico, por meio de investigação dos referenciais teóricos e da análise técnica operacional, que abarcou as questões relacionadas ao instrumento do Plano Diretor vigente. Portanto, procurou evidenciar a importância da preservação do patrimônio arquitetônico e urbano da Vila Industrial e sua interface com o Plano Diretor, além de compreender como os conceitos de preservação são interpretados por meio desse instrumento.
Planejar práticas educativas em museus de arte: quatro pontos de partida
Authors: Salgado Ariane Alfonso Azambuja de Oliveira
Published: September 2023

Estudar planejamento na educação diz respeito, em um primeiro momento, a uma tríade básica de relações que se apresenta já na transitividade relativa do verbo ensinar: quem ensina, ensina algo a alguém. Além disso, há os métodos: é por meio deles que os sujeitos se aproximam dos conteúdos. No presente artigo, proponho pensarmos nesses elementos como os qua-tro aspectos básicos dos quais se pode partir para construir uma prática educativa em um museu de arte. A partir desses componentes simples busco, ao longo do texto, deflagrar um panorama mais complexo, em que características específicas de cada ambiente cultural podem vir a compor os matizes da educação praticada. Desenvolvo tais ideias por meio de exemplos do campo das práticas educativas em museus de arte, obtidos através de levantamento de estado da arte desenvolvido durante pesquisa de douto-rado. Do ponto de vista metodológico, trata-se, assim, de uma pesquisa teórica com levantamento bibliográfico. A investigação se encontra na intersecção entre os campos da semiótica, da comunicação e da educação, tendo especial relevância para minha abordagem ao tema os autores Amálio Pinheiro, François Laplantine, Iuri Lotman, Jesús Martín-Barbero, Paulo Freire e Richard Sennett.
“Acima de tudo, José de Acosta merece ser lido e recomendado”: a apropriação da ideia de missão pelo teólogo reformado holandês Johannes Hoornbeeck
Authors: Murguía Luis Alberto Martin Dávila
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the relation between the Spanish Jesuit José de Acosta (1540-1600) and the Dutch Reformed theologian Johannes Hoornbeeck (1617-1666). Distant for the time they lived, for the spaces where they developed their action and for the very creed they professed, these two religious achieved an important reflection on the role of the Christian mission in territories of barbarians and pagans. In a period of strong political and religious disputes between Catholics and Protestants, the analysis of Hoornbeeck’s main text allows us to better understand a delicate process of appropriation and re-elaboration of the idea of mission within the parameters of the Dutch reformed dogma carried out from the Peruvian problematic by the Jesuit Acosta.
Um cabo submarino na maré abolicionista: infraestrutura comunicacional contra a escravidão no Ceará (1873-1888)
Authors: Figueiredo Ruy Cézar Campos
Published: September 2023

Fortaleza is currently an Atlantic submarine cable hub, but the memories of this infrastructure’s presence in the city’s collective imaginary are yet to be safeguarded. When a submarine cable first landed on the shores of the capital of Ceará state in the early 1880s, electro-abolitionist and phantasmagorical narratives surfaced. By examining the political and familial ties of the British individual William John Ayres, superintendent of the Brazilian Submarine Telegraph Co., this article is grounded in both infrastructure studies and network archaeology to contribute to the previous research of historian Eduardo Silva. Silva’s work connects Brazilian abolitionism with the social, cultural, and political impacts of submarine cable technology’s arrival. The primary contribution of this article is to demonstrate that the political appropriation surrounding this infrastructure, as observed by Eduardo Silva in the context of the 1888 abolition process in Rio de Janeiro, was previously tested in the Ceará abolition of 1884.
Association of Neighborhood Recreation Centers and Poststroke Outcomes in a Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Delhey Leanna M. , Shi Xu , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Brown Devin L. , Smith Melinda A. , Case Erin C. , Springer Mellanie V. , Lisabeth Lynda D.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Higher neighborhood socioeconomic status has been favorably associated with stroke outcomes. This may be due to these areas having more beneficial resources such as recreational centers. We aimed to determine if neighborhood density of recreation centers is favorably associated with stroke outcomes.

METHODS:

We conducted analyses of data from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project, a cohort of stroke survivors ≥45 years of age residing in Nueces County, TX (2009–2020). We included non-Hispanic White and Mexican American incident stroke survivors, who were not institutionalized prestroke and completed baseline and follow-up assessments (N=1392). We calculated the density of fitness and recreational sports centers within their residential census tract during the year of their stroke. Outcomes included function (self-ratings on activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living), cognition (modified mini-mental state exam), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8), and quality of life (abbreviated Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale). We fit confounder-adjusted gamma-distributed mixed generalized linear models with a log link for each outcome and considered interaction with stroke severity.

RESULTS:

On average, participants were 65 years old, 53% male, and 63% Mexican American. Median recreational centers were 1.60 per square mile (interquartile range, 0.41–3.06). Among moderate-severe stroke survivors, greater density of recreation centers (75th versus 25th percentile) was associated with more favorable function and possibly quality of life (activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living, 4.8% change [95% CI, −0.11% to −9.27%]; Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale, 3.7% change [95% CI, −0.7% to 8.2%]). Minimal nonsignificant differences were observed among the overall stroke population and those with mild stroke.

CONCLUSIONS:

The availability of recreation centers may be beneficial for poststroke function and quality of life among those with moderate-severe stroke. If further research confirms recreation centers to be beneficial, this could inform rehabilitation following stroke.
Climate Change Policies and Control of Corruption: A Cross-National Analysis of CO2 Emissions
Authors: Alasaly Shahd , Basso Larissa , Hargrove Andrew , Sommer Jamie M.
Published: September 2023

Given current climate change issues, scholars have recently focused on how different adaptation and mitigation policies may be effective at improving the environment. On the one hand, researchers argue that climate change policies will help reduce environmental problems like CO2 emissions due to their focus on green energy and markets. On the other hand, many argue that these policies are too small in scope, reformist, and do not address the underlying issues driving climate change. However, little is known about how climate change policies as a whole are impacting CO2 emissions cross-nationally. To address this research gap, the authors use two-way fixed effects regression analysis to test how climate change policies impact CO2 emissions per capita across 159 nations from 1996 to 2018. Most importantly, this analysis considers how factors like governance, specifically a nation’s control of corruption, moderates the impact of climate change policies on CO2 emissions.
Why We Don’t Mind the Gap
Authors: Kitsnik Joanna
Published: September 2023

Rising socio-economic inequality has been paired with tolerance of inequality. When explaining individual tolerance of unequal income distribution, contextual factors capturing socio-economic conditions and objective inequality are less important than individual-level values and beliefs about the origins of and reasonings behind the unequal circumstances. These inequality-legitimizing narratives constitute a range of ideas from equal opportunities and individual liberties to egalitarian values and beliefs about the function of meritocracy. Findings from the linear mixed effects models on the cross-sectional data from the Integrated Values Study (2017–2020) on 34 OECD countries support the argument that individuals’ agreement with inequality legitimizing narratives predicts higher tolerance of unequal income distribution. However, country-level objective inequality and economic prosperity both fail to directly predict tolerance of unequal incomes. When compared to contextual factors, the acceptance of inequality legitimizing narratives is a significantly better predictor of inequality tolerance.
The Love for International Organizations
Authors: d’Aspremont Jean
Published: September 2023

Albeit the object of compelling criticisms in recent decades, international organizations continue to occupy a very central place in the practical, conceptual, cognitive, imaginary, and emotional universe of international lawyers. This article argues that the resilient centrality of international organizations in international legal thought and practice is the manifestation of international lawyers’ love for such institutions. This article’s main aim is to provide an account of the drivers that inform international lawyers’ love for international organizations with a view to elucidating what lies behind the centrality of international organizations in international legal thought and practice. Among the drivers of international lawyers’ love for international organizations, attention is paid to the representations of international organizations as taking care of people, as showing where to look for power, as knowing so much, as romanticising history, as providing a shared standard of experience, as textualising the universe, as providing and organizing space for discontent, as expanding international lawyers’ field of study, and as holding many secrets.
East African Community (eac) – Inspiring Constitutional Change by Promoting Constitutionalism?
Authors: Milej Tomasz
Published: September 2023

The East African Community (eac) is considered to be one of the most successful international organizations in Africa. Due to the founding Treaty’s commitment to democracy, human rights, rule of law and to achieving of a political federation, one may think that the eac has a potential to promote the ideas of transformative African constitutionalism in the participating states. However, the history of regional integration in East Africa, the eac’s current institutional set-up and its substantive law tell a different story. The organization’s elitist legacy and an integration model depending on the goodwill of the heads of state do not fully deliver on the principles which the Treaty pronounces. It is the pro-active stance taken by the East African Court of Justice (eacj) and to some extent also by the East African Legislative Assembly (eala) that keeps the constitutionalism and the hopes of East Africans alive.
Three-Dimensional Architecture of Sulfur Doped Graphene for Supercapacitor
Authors: Li Changwang , Wang Xu , Liu Gengzheng , Guo Zefei , Zhao Bowang , Liang Jiayu , Umar Ahmad , Hao Huilian , Li Wenyao
Published: September 2023

The introduction of heteroatoms is beneficial to prevent the stacking of graphene and enhance the electrochemical performance of graphene-based electrode materials. In this work, the three-dimensional structure sulfur-doped graphene (SG) electrode materials were prepared by using PEDOT:PSS
as sulfur source, which can form a polymer chain on the surface of the graphene oxide, thus the sulfur atoms can be successfully doped into the graphene lattice by annealing treatment. The obtained SG electrode material exhibits a high specific capacitance of 254 F g−1 at
0.5 A g−1, which is significantly better than that of the pure reduced graphene oxide. The significant increase in specific capacitance confirms that sulfur-doped graphene has a promising future in supercapacitor applications.
Design of New LED Curtain Wall Controller and Its Effect in Architectural Decoration
Authors: Cui Rongrong
Published: September 2023

In recent years, LED with high brightness or ultra-high brightness has appeared. Because of its low production cost, it has been widely used. Compared with other display media, LED has the advantages of rich display content, wide dynamic range, vivid picture, no pollution, long life,
etc., so it is used in building curtain wall facade decoration. This research designs LED curtain wall control system, the use of SD600 chip dimming control of LED, the use of absorbing current mode LED drive, further design of single SD600 chip application circuit, multi-SD600 chip application
circuit. LED curtain wall display text need to design the corresponding graphic processing hardware, the hardware is composed of ARM microprocessor LPC2210 and its related peripheral circuits. The core chip of the LPC2210 processor chip needs 1.8 V working voltage, and the I/O interface voltage
is 3.3 V, so it is necessary to design the corresponding power circuit; The system clock is adjusted through the internal PLL circuit to make the system run faster and design its crystal oscillator circuit; The power monitoring chip CAT1025JI-30 is adopted to build reset circuit, 20-pin interface
type JTAG interface circuit; It is considered that the UARTO interface can’t be directly connected with the RS232 interface of PC, the MAX3232 chip is introduced for level conversion, and the serial interface circuit based on LPC2210 is designed. In the experiment, the new technology
is used for outdoor lighting LED curtain wall construction, and the development tool uses the ADS1.2 provided by ARM company. The μC/OS-II embedded operating system is introduced to control the graphic processing hardware resources, reading the file from the SD card, and writing
the text file and BMP file into the three-dimensional array, the corresponding text and pattern effect are displayed in the LED curtain wall.
Thermal Imaging Detection Device Based on Infrared Photoelectric Sensor and Its Application in Fault Detection of Transformer Bushing Insulation
Authors: Li Shengcheng , Lu Tao , Zhai Lei , Xiao Yi
Published: September 2023

Due to the unique advantages of infrared thermal imaging system compared with visible light, infrared photoelectric sensors can convert the perceived infrared light into electrical signals, which can help people to observe and analyze. Thermal imaging detection devices are developing
towards miniaturization, low power consumption and high resolution. According to this requirement, the hardware design of thermal imaging detection system for infrared detection is carried out, and 640×512 uncooled infrared focal plane array is adopted. ADV7390 is selected as the video
coding chip, and the low power consumption characteristics of this device are optimized. Selecting reference source+digital potentiometer+operational amplifier as analog bias scheme can make the output analog bias within a certain voltage range. The signal processing method of the detector
is improved, that is, divide the voltage and form a differential signal with VREF, and then send it to the ADC chip. In the experiment, DC/DC switching power supply, LDO output voltage and ripple are tested. The results show that the measured voltage value is close to the
standard voltage value, the signal voltage is basically around 2 V, and the signal voltage is lower than the signal range fluctuation, which is in line with expectations. It is used to detect transformer bushing insulation defects, and an infrared thermal imaging device is designed to capture
bushing insulation defects. Combined with the feature point matching method, the infrared feature distribution of bushing insulation defects is obtained, and the infrared spectrum of the outside of transformer bushing can be obtained through continuous tracking to determine the abnormal temperature
position.
Propagation Features of Diurnal Internal Tides West of the Luzon Strait Revealed by a Large PIES Array
Authors: Wang Min , Zhu Xiao-Hua , Zheng Hua , Chen Juntian , Zhao Ruixiang , Liu Zhao-Jun , Ren Qiang , Liu Yansong , Nan Feng , Yu Fei , Wang Jianfeng , Li Qiang
Published: September 2023

Energetic internal tides (ITs) are generated from the Luzon Strait (LS) and propagate westward into the South China Sea (SCS). Owing to the lack of large-scale synchronous measurements, the propagation features and seasonal variations of diurnal ITs remain unclear. From 2018 to 2019, mode-1 diurnal ITs west of the LS were continuously observed using a large-scale moored array of 27 pressure-recording inverted echo sounders (PIESs) and a thermistor chain. Measurements confirmed that diurnal ITs radiate from the LS with a north–south asymmetrical pattern, with the most energetic channel located in the middle and south of the LS. The total energy radiated into the SCS across 120°E is 2.67 GW for the K1 ITs and 1.54 GW for the O1 ITs, approximately 2 times larger than those inferred from satellite observations. K1 dominates among the diurnal ITs, with its maximum isopycnal displacement (amplitude) and energy input to the SCS being the strongest in summer (i.e., 16.3 m and 2.81 GW, respectively). The propagation speed of K1 is higher in summer and autumn along the main channel (i.e., 4.33and 4.36 m s−1, respectively). Seasonal stratification and circulation play important roles in the seasonal variation of amplitude and propagation speed of the K1 ITs. The seasonal variability of diurnal-band ITs, which includes all diurnal constituents, is location-dependent and primarily results from the superposition of the K1 and P1 ITs. In particular, vertical displacement is strong in summer and winter along the main channel of the K1 and P1 ITs. The seasonal amplitude of K1 can modulate this seasonal feature.

Significance Statement

Internal tides (ITs) are internal waves at tidal frequencies. The Luzon Strait (LS) is one of the most energetic sites to generate large-amplitude ITs. The ITs propagate into the South China Sea (SCS), interact with mesoscale eddies, large-scale circulations, etc., and influence local hydrodynamics as well as ecosystem and sediment transport. This motivated an observation plan to investigate the ITs at the western entrance of the LS. From June 2018 to August 2019, an array of 28 PIESs was deployed in the northeastern SCS, almost covering the western entrance of the LS, to investigate the propagation properties of ITs including their amplitude, phase speed, wavelength, propagation direction, and energy fluxes and their annual and seasonal variations. Here, we primarily focus on the mode-1 diurnal ITs. The new insights enrich our understanding of IT dynamics and seasonal variations and support further improvements in numerical simulations.
Kim Jong Un and Consolidating Power: Explaining Elite Appointment in the Workers’ Party of Korea Central Committee, 2012–2019
Authors: Kim Taekbin , Ishiyama John
Published: September 2023

Despite concerns about the stability of the early days of the Kim Jong Un regime, he has firmly established his control over the existing system. How was he able to achieve this? Important insights are provided by Kim Jong Un’s patter of official appointments, particularly involving the members of the Central Committee of the Workers Party of Korea (WPK). This study scrutinizes the pattern of elite appointments under Kim Jong Un from 2012 to 2019, examining the personal data of 296 members of the WPK Central Committee. The results reveal that under Kim Jong Un’s leadership, party and military elites enjoyed the privilege of being appointed to key posts compared with cabinet elites. However, as his power consolidation advanced, this preferential treatment for party and military elites began to diminish starting in 2016. These findings suggest that certain tensions and conflicts may exist within North Korea under Kim’s rule.
A word from a seminarian . . . The grace of hearing and remembering
Authors: Acosta Sara
Published: September 2023

First Samuel 1:1-20 is a multifaceted text, rich with ancient history and modern significance. A nuanced look at the passage’s cultural, theological, and pastoral contexts can equip laity and clergy alike to counsel women experiencing infertility grief, honoring the text while turning to a hermeneutic alternative to a dominant Deuteronomistic view.
Prevalence and Identification of Nasal Airway Obstruction in Patients Presenting to Otolaryngology Clinics: Results From a Large Descriptive Practice Survey
Authors: Raithatha Roheen , Del Signore Anthony
Published: September 2023

Objective: Determine the prevalence of nasal airway obstruction (NAO) in patients presenting to general otolaryngology clinics using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale (NOSE) score as a screening tool. Study Design: The clinic staff at 149 otolaryngology specialty clinics geographically distributed in the United States administered the NOSE Scale assessment to 3533 patients presenting to the clinics over a period of 1 week, regardless of the reason for the visit. All patients completed the NOSE Scale score, and additional data were collected, including the primary reason for the visit. Demographic and patient characteristics were summarized using frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Results: The overall mean NOSE Scale score for the 3533 patients surveyed was 37.6 (SD 31.5). A total of 37.4% (1320/3533) of surveyed patients, regardless of visit reason, had severe/extreme NAO symptoms. Overall, the most common visit reason category was “Other” (61.2%, 2162/3533), followed by “NAO” (22.6%, 798/3533) and “Sinus” (16.2%, 573/3533). The mean NOSE scores for patients in each of the visit categories were 23.4 (SD 25.9), 64.7 (SD 23.3), and 53.3 (SD 28.1); for “Other,” “NAO,” and “Sinus,” respectively. Among the patients coming in with “NAO” or “Sinus” as a primary complaint, 76.2% (608/798) and 57.2.% (328/573) had severe or extreme NOSE scores. A total of 17.8% (384/2162) of patients coming in for “Other” reasons had NOSE scores indicating severe/extreme NAO symptoms. Conclusions: The findings of this large, descriptive otolaryngology practice survey found a high prevalence of moderate to severe/extreme NAO among patients presenting to otolaryngology practices. Incorporating assessments, such as the NOSE Scale score and other diagnostic practices into the patient intake workflow and assessments, could help identify symptomatic NAO patients that might otherwise be overlooked.
Prefiguring Alternative Organizing: Confronting marginalization through projective cultural adjustment and tempered autonomy
Authors: Bhatt Babita , Qureshi Israr , Shukla Dhirendra M. , Hota Pradeep K.
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we examine community collectives – place-based, community-led initiatives for sustainable livelihood, as an alternative to the top-down, efficiency-driven economic model. Drawing on the theoretical framework of prefigurative organizing, we examined the strategies employed by community members in confronting entrenched inequalities and overcoming marginalization as they envision and engage in inclusive futures. We conducted a comparative case study of two exemplary community collectives in India that exhibited differences in the degrees of internal and external marginalization. We identified two key cross-cutting themes of prefigurative organizing: projective cultural adjustment – whether a community leverages their traditional culture or breaks away from it, and tempered autonomy – negotiating autonomy without overtly challenging dominant groups, and exercising self-imposed restraints to make independent decisions. We show how these two themes manifested across three key processes of prefigurative organizing: prefiguring self-governance; commoning; and cultivating discursive spaces. These findings help us theorize that in communities where the degree of internal marginalization is high due to persisting social hierarchies, breaking away from past discriminatory practices, incorporating suspension of consent in the decision-making process, and introducing multiple constructive works are essential components of prefigurative organizing. In communities where the degree of external marginalization is high, building on the past, incorporating refusal in decision-making, and introducing unified constructive work are important components of prefigurative organizing. We suggest that prefigurative organizing against the dominant power structure, whether within community social hierarchies or external exploitative political-economic structures, is based on selective and strategic engagement without seeking an exit, as exit might not be an option for place-based communities. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this research for alternative organizing and grand challenges.
Women’s Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence in Sindh, Pakistan: An Analysis of Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey
Authors: Abbas Faisal , Salman Verda
Published: September 2023

Intimate partner violence is a major impediment to gender equality in developing countries like Pakistan, which requires thorough analysis to ascertain the extent of prevalent violence and identify its underlying causes. Consequently, this study aims to empirically examine the factors associated with women’s attitudes toward violence in Sindh province (the second largest by population, income, and employment in Pakistan) using Sindh Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey data. The province presents an ideal candidate for studying intimate partner violence as it is quite uneven in terms of development. Our results reveal a high prevalence of intimate partner violence, with 55% of married women providing an affirmative answer to any one scenario of wife beating in the Sindh province. Multivariate regression analyses results of our study found that higher education, access to media, and the wealth status of both partners are protective factors against attitudinal acceptance of violence.
Sandwiched Mothers: Parent Involvement and Mother’s Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Near Christopher E.
Published: September 2023

I investigated subjective well-being (SWB)—happiness, meaningfulness, sadness, stress, and tiredness—of 7,087 mothers, engaged in 11,154 cases of activities in which their children were present, using the Conservation of Resources theory. Results of OLS analysis of data from the American Time Use Study suggested that the presence of her parent(s) during the activities was associated positively with the mother’s happiness and negatively with her stress. Total time spent with her parent(s) was positively associated with the mother’s tiredness. Co-residence with parents was not significantly related to the mother’s SWB. The association between the mother’s SWB and her involvement with parents was positively moderated by demographic variables that may have increased her need for core resources in the form of kin support. The focus on sandwiched activities in which a mother engaged with her children and parents permitted direct assessment of how those activities affected the mother’s SWB.
Engaged pedagogy in teacher education: A literature review
Authors: Goodrich Andrew , Vũ Kính Tiến
Published: September 2023

The structures of North American school systems are often based in what bell hooks called rote, assembly-line teaching that includes top-down instructional practices. As a result, teacher educators often serve in an authoritarian role, making the decisions about what knowledge is important and how it should be learned. By comparison, engaged pedagogy promotes collaboration, whereby teachers and students transgress educational norms and become active participants in learning. The purpose of this review of literature is to understand how researchers in the field of education use engaged pedagogy in their teaching practice. It highlights three themes found throughout the literature: (re)designing courses, critical reflection, and sharing stories. Following each theme, a critical discussion contextualized within related research in music education provides practical implications for how music teacher educators can use engaged pedagogy in the classroom. Finally, the potential for issues of using engaged pedagogy in preservice music teacher education are illuminated for the reader, along with recommendations for future research in music education.
Bharatanatyam and Art activism in the Networked Digital Space
Authors: Balaji Krithika V. , Ram Padmini , Choolayil Anoop C.
Published: September 2023

All over the world, traditional models of art activism through dance involved performances that reached a limited audience, while the advent of networked digital spaces has vastly expanded the scope of art activism to a global level. Offering a qualitative netnographic exploration of how Bharatanatyam has been employed for such art activism in the digital space, this article examines the implications for this prominent traditional South Indian dance form in terms of stylistic changes as well as viewer reactions. Through content analysis of the viewer responses to ten popular renditions uploaded on YouTube over five years (2016–2020), we trace how the art form is evolving and how activist goals are reciprocated by the audience. Our findings confirm that Bharatanatyam has great potential to evolve by adapting novel social themes. However, while such contemporary renditions may elicit viewer responses that critically appraise specific social issues and pave the way for social change, the resulting innovations continue to co-exist with old conflicts and tensions about ‘traditional’ art and its uses.
Bonding and bridging social capital as predictors of information sharing intention and behavior among Pakistani Facebook users
Authors: Ahmad Zaheer , Soroya Saira Hanif , Mahmood Khalid
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to identify social capital's role in shaping an individual's behavior to share information on social media. The study also investigated the mediation role of information sharing intention (ISI) between the relationship of social capital and information sharing behavior (ISB). Based on the social capital theory (SCT), and theory of planned behavior (TPB), a comprehensive research model was created, and corresponding hypotheses were developed. The study population included all Pakistani Facebook (FB) users, who actively use Facebook for various reasons. Structural equation modelling (SEM) with Smart PLS was used to analyze the data, test hypotheses, and research model. The findings showed that both bonding social capital (BOS) and bridging social capital (BRS) increased the amount of information shared on social media. It is established that BOS supports weakly tied people to strengthen their relationships on social media. The study also reveals that social capital (BOS and BRS) has a direct and positive effect on information-sharing behavior. The results of the indirect effects indicate that ISI is the significant mediator in the relationship between social capital and ISB. The study's findings are helpful for a wide variety of Facebook users for the purposeful and result-oriented information sharing on SNSs. The study also provided a deeper understating of the social capital features, sharing intention, and how these together exert a more significant impact on information sharing behavior on social media. Additionally, the findings will also facilitate SNS developers in improving SNS services while keeping in view the unique features of social capital.
Prediction of Car-Following Behavior of Autonomous Vehicle and Human-Driven Vehicle Based on Drivers’ Memory and Cooperation With Lead Vehicle
Authors: Adewale Ayobami , Lee Chris
Published: September 2023

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have moved from hype to reality as the penetration and acceptance rate continues to increase. As they are slowly integrated into traffic with human-driven vehicles (HDVs), it is necessary to predict the car-following behaviors of AVs and HDVs for better control of AV–HDV mixed traffic. This study extends a data-driven car-following model to incorporate drivers’ memory, and cooperation with the lead vehicle. The model predicts the following vehicle’s speed in AV–HDV mixed traffic. The effect of drivers’ cooperation on car-following behavior was modeled using prospect theory (PT), whereas the driver’s memory was incorporated using the memory cell of a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. This extended car-following model is called the “PT-LSTM model.” Real-world vehicle trajectories of HDVs and AVs in the Waymo AV Open Dataset were used to calibrate and validate the PT-LSTM model. The PT-LSTM model demonstrated higher accuracy compared with the LSTM model that did not consider drivers’ cooperation, the multiple layer perceptron model, Gipps’ model, and the intelligent driver model that incorporated PT. The importance of variables in different time steps in the PT-LSTM model was also evaluated using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). The SHAP results showed that AV followers were more likely to cooperate with the lead HDV, whereas HDV followers were more likely to cooperate with the lead AV than the lead HDV. Thus, this study underscores the importance of considering drivers’ memory and cooperation with the lead vehicle for the prediction of car-following behaviors in AV–HDV mixed traffic.
The International Monetary System’s Structural Flaws, a Process of Economic Development, and the Job Guarantee
Authors: Rafferty Devin T.
Published: September 2023

The international monetary system currently suffers from three structural flaws that disproportionately affect developing nations: an asymmetric balance of payments adjustment mechanism, the Triffin Paradox, and an inequity bias against developing nations. Thus, as currently constituted, this global monetary framework is biased against the development prospects of developing nations and is antagonistic to their development efforts. However, the author’s contention is that developing countries can use a Job Guarantee (JG) to address these shortcomings because it offers five significant international macroeconomic benefits that involve presenting developing nations with an enhanced degree of domestic policy options, altering how global liquidity is provisioned and the need for acquiring it, and inciting a direct challenge to the neoliberal conventional wisdom of global political economy. As a result, developing nations can use a JG as a cornerstone in any development strategy that seeks to sustainably mobilize underemployed labor resources and increase productive capacity and utilization rates while remaining free of the structural constraints imposed by the international monetary system.

JEL Classification: B52, O11, F40