bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobility and working opportunities in the EU and Slovakia
Authors: Bajzíková Ľubica , Bajzik Peter
Published: June 2020

Current globalisation processes witness the mobility and migration of labour as their characteristic features. The free movement of people and workers is one of the rights of citizens of the European Union (EU), and includes the right to move, to reside and to work in an EU member state without discrimination. The aim of this paper is to analyse the labour mobility within the EU with special attention to Slovakia. In its historical development, Slovakia belonged to countries with population migrating predominantly to foreign countries and was not a traditional destination country for migrants. However, today it has gradually become a state that employs foreign labour, especially in production plants. This change has not only been contributed to by Slovakia’s accession to the EU, but especially by the economic development of the state and the creation of new job opportunities for both domestic and foreign labour. The study analyses the intra-mobility in Slovakia and focuses on analysis of the trends in employment of foreign workers from EU and non-EU member states between 2007 and 2019. For the purposes of this paper, data were extracted from a relatively large number of prominent sources, for example: the European Commission, Eurostat, and the International Labour Organization (ILO) reports, and the Slovak Statistical Office resources related to labour mobility. In the desk research, the collected information were analysed and subjected to critical multidimensional assessment from quantitative, absolute, and relative, as well as cross-sectional perspectives. Special attention was paid to analysis of documentation that accompanied these data. The significance of the examined topic is underlined by the fact that Slovakia is currently a recipient of foreign labour due to insufficient qualification of domestic labour. It therefore introduces new legislative measures to speed up the employment process, remove administrative barriers and, in cooperation with employers, accelerate the process of adaptation to new work-related conditions, especially for workers from non-EU countries. In addition, employment of third-country nationals in Slovakia is a relatively demanding and lengthy process. On the one hand, the employment of foreigners contributes to economic development. On the other hand, this process stirs various problems, which are mainly related to cultural and social integration, and the removal of which cannot be achieved only through the legal regulations.
The role of benefits in sustaining HRM outcomes
Authors: Galetić Lovorka , Klindžić Maja
Published: June 2020

Beneficije su oblik indirektnih kompenzacija, koji pokušava postići mnoge ciljeve. Međutim, poduzeća primarno pružaju beneficije, kako bi dokazala da brinu za osobne potrebe zaposlenika, ili žele ponuditi atraktivan i konkurentan ukupni paket kompenzacija. S obzirom da beneficije predstavljaju rastući dio ukupnih troškova kompenzacija te uzevši u obzir da se odnedavno propituje njihov motivacijski potencijal, potrebno je analizirati ulogu beneficija u postizanju primarnih ciljeva upravljanja ljudskim potencijalima (privlačenju, zadržavanju i angažmanu zaposlenika) u hrvatskim poduzećima. Stoga je provedena empirijska studija na uzorku hrvatskih poduzeća, koja pokazuje da su sigurnost te mirovinske i zdravstvene beneficije nedovoljno zastupljene u hrvatskim poduzećima, iako ih zaposlenici obično visoko cijene. Kod administrativnih i proizvodnih radnika, socijalne aktivnosti, dobrovoljno zdravstveno i mirovinsko osiguranje te mogućnost rada od kuće su pozitivno povezani sa zadržavanjem zaposlenika. Međutim, statistički značajne povezanosti između beneficija, uglavnom orijentiranih na održavanje ravnoteže između radnog i osobnog života, te ishoda upravljanja ljudskim resursima, za eksperte su bile gotovo uvijek negativno. Samo se dobrovoljno zdravstveno osiguranje pokazalo kao potencijalno korisno za angažiranje i zadržavanje eksperata. Stoga bi poslodavci trebali redizajnirati strategiju beneficija i promisliti o opcionalnoj ponudi fleksibilnog sustava beneficija.
Strategy tools in use
Authors: Berisha Qehaja Albana , Kutllovci Enver
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the usage of strategy tools from the
strategy-as-practice perspective. In general, there is a lack of empirical
evidence regarding the use of strategy tools, particularly in transition
economies. The comprehensive and up-to-date research is mainly concerned with
the extent of their use and classification. Thus, academics have already
highlighted the need to review their role, importance, and use. Accordingly,
this research seeks to bridge the current gap between theoretical constructs
and empirical proof of the use of strategy tools in enterprises. The study
design used for this research is cross-sectional and data were obtained from
314 enterprises in the Republic of Kosova, using standardized survey-based
questionnaires. The purpose of this study is to assess the extent to which
strategy tools are used in Kosovan enterprises. It also aims to distinguish
their use according to educational background of managers/owners, enterprise
size and across different sectors. The results of this study reveal that
Kosovan enterprises have a low usage rate of strategy tools. More precisely,
the two most used strategy tools are SWOT analysis and vision and mission
statements. This paper provides some important insights into strategy tools
usage in the Republic of Kosova, as a transition economy. While it provides a
better understanding and awareness of strategy tools usage, there are other
possible study areas that could offer significant value in future research.
Effectiveness of Virtual Anatomy System (VAS) Media to Improve Students’ Analysis Ability Towards Reproduction System Materials
Authors: Winarni Dyah Setyaningrum
Published: June 2020

This research aims to identify effectiveness of virtual anatomy system (VAS) media with inquiry approach in improving students’ analysis ability towards reproduction system materials. VAS is a learning media which was developed with a special design resembling a laboratory, equipped with tools and materials, as well as operational procedures in a pratice. The method employed in this research was a quasi - experiment with one group pretest posttest design. The sample consisted of 12 students. The Ngain (0,67) produced belonged to the medium category. The result confirmed that the students’ responses using VAS with inquiry approach improved in reproduction system materials. Hence, it can be concluded that VAS media with inquiry approach was highly effective in improving Ivet University students’ analysis ability in understanding the reproduction system optimally.

Keywords: Virtual Anatomy System, Inquiry, Analysis Abilty, Reproduction System
Combination of ulcerative colitis with cirrhosis of the liver in the outcome of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Nikitin A. V. , Khavkin A. I. , Skvortsova T. A. , Volynets G. V. , Atameeva A. O.
Published: June 2020

A clinical case of a combination of ulcerative colitis with cirrhosis in the outcome of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a twelve-year-old child is presented. The uniqueness of the clinical observation lies in the atypical onset of ulcerative colitis in the form of complaints of weakness and headache, as well as detected anemia of 3 severity. It is important that the child lacked diarrhea, blood in the stool, tenesmus, weight loss, and fever. Of the most characteristic signs of liver damage, only itching of the skin of the lower extremities was noted. As a result, the child was diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver at the end of the extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis — primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Diagnosis and treatment of achalasia — a review of foreign literature
Authors: Godzhello E. A. , Khrustaleva M. V. , Shatveryan D. G. , Bulganina N. A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The interest in achalasia has signifi cantly increased with the advent of new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. New methods are introduced several years earlier abroad than in Russia, prospective randomized trials are conducted more often, based on the results of which clinical recommendations are established. Therefore, the authors of this article provide an extensive review of foreign literature devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of achalasia, which refl ects not only current trends, but also those areas to which researchers of past years paid attention.Results. Traditional and new diagnostic methods (timed barium swallow and high-resolution manometry) are described. The Chicago classifi cation of esophageal motility disorders version 3.0 is given. The whole spectrum of treatment of esophageal achalasia — conservative and surgical methods with analysis of immediate and long-term results, including the comparison of these methods and with the combined use of several techniques in one patient is presented. The complex problem of choosing a treatment method for the end-stage achalasia is considered. For key points in diagnosing and treating the disease, clinical guidelines on achalasia published in 2020 (European Guideline on Achalasia — UEG and ESNM recommendations) are presented.Conclusion. Esophageal achalasia is a chronic disease, for the treatment of which there is still no consensus. Balloon pneumatic dilation, peroral endoscopic myotomy and laparoscopic Heller myotomy with fundoplication are safe and highly eff ective and can be recommended for the treatment of achalasia. Currently, there is a gradual transition to a less invasive initial treatment of the end-stage achalasia, but large multicenter and randomized clinical trials are necessary to obtain fi nal data on various treatment options.
A practitioners’ view on the application of water and flood directives in Italy
Authors: Martinengo Marta , Ziantoni Antonio , lazzeri fabio , Rosatti Giorgio , Rigon Riccardo
Published: June 2020

The commonly called Water Framework Directive (WFD) and Flood Directive (FD) represent pivotal points for European water policies. They do not need any further introduction here since there are other contributions to this book that present them in detail. In this chapter, we briefly describe how they affect people working in Italy in water resources management, exploitation and protection of and from water bodies. In this contribution, we try to present the work needed to fulfil the directives generally, who did the work and with what responsibilities in past implementation cycles, and what was actually done in implementation cycle for both directives up to 2016. The result is a picture of the Italian water management system; a system not only defined by laws and norms, but also by habits and the way Institutions have developed during recent history through their interplay with growing technical knowledge, the implementation of policies, and the evolution of Italian society. This chapter is divided as follows: section 1 reports what has to be done to accomplish the directives generally; section 2 summarizes who performed the actions connected to the directives in past implementation cycles; section 3 and 4 report and discuss the Italy’s application of the directive; section 5 covers the role of science in the implementation of the directives; and, finally, section 6 contains some considerations on the main critical aspects and on the challenges the future application of the directives (2021- 2027) is going to face.
Dualities or Analogies between Superstrings and Multi-fold Universes
Authors: Maes Stephane
Published: June 2020

Superstrings seem to somehow appear in multi-folds universes. We compare the results and models of superstrings with the multi-fold mechanisms associated to EPR entanglement and discover that such multi-fold mechanism in a multi-fold universe: i) explain or clarify many superstring results, ii) provide analogies to superstring results that often change conjectures (e.g. AdS/CFT correspondence, ER=EPR, GR=QM) to facts or theorems in a multi-fold universe iii) position superstrings with respect to our spacetime iv) illustrates differences and v) makes suggestions on how to evolve superstrings theories and M-Theory, according to the multi-fold universe proposal and observations in the real universe, so far. We conclude with a call for collaboration.
Coronavirus Disintegration using Ultraviolet Light Therapy
Authors: Pasricha Pradeep Kumar
Published: June 2020

An ideal model of a cell full of coronaviruses is considered. The propagation of ultraviolet electromagnetic waves in such a dielectric medium is examined to ascertain whether the ultraviolet radiation may deliver energy to the medium. With the known observations of refractive indices of cell and virus, above the ultraviolet wavelengths, it is computed that the ultraviolet radiation in the UVB – UVA band of wavelengths (280 – 400 nm) deliver “excessive” energy to the dielectric medium. Thus, light at ultraviolet wavelengths may penetrate tissue and disintegrate coronavirus in cells. Ultraviolet light therapy at narrow range of wavelengths in the UVB – UVA band, for “lower” levels and “briefer” periods of radiation exposure, may reduce severity of conditions in the gravely affected coronavirus patients. The material and equipment may be sanitized with the exposure to ultraviolet radiation in the UVC band of wavelengths (100 – 180 nm). The use of “UV protected” glasses is “a must” to safeguard one’s eyes from the ultraviolet radiation exposure.
Look up what you cannot solve in your mind! Children increase information gathering to counteract imprecise planning abilities
Authors: Bowler Aislinn , Habicht Johanna , Moses-Payne Madeleine E , Steinbeis Nikolaus , Moutoussis Michael , Hauser Tobias U.
Published: June 2020

Knowing how the world works is critical for successfully navigating it. This requires two key components: knowledge about the world and the computational capacity to plan flexibly. Children are inherently limited in both domains but building a better understanding of the world is a functional imperative for development. To examine how youths overcome their constraints, we asked 107 children (8-9 years), early (12-13 years) and late adolescents (16-17 years) to perform a planning task. We find that children gather significantly more information before making a decision compared to adolescents, but only if it does not come with explicit costs. Using computational modelling, we find that this is because children have limited planning abilities, which they counteract by reduced subjective sampling costs. Our findings thus demonstrate how children level out their computational constraints by deploying excessive information gathering, a developmental feature that could inform aberrant information gathering in psychiatric disorders.
Trust in government and its associations with health behaviour and prosocial behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Han Qing , Zheng Bang , Cristea Mioara , Agostini Maximilian , Belanger Jocelyn , Gutzkow Ben , Kreienkamp Jannis , team PsyCorona , Leander Pontus
Published: June 2020

Previous studies suggested that public trust in government is vital for implementations of social policies that rely on public's behavioural responses. This study examined associations of trust in government regarding COVID-19 control with recommended health behaviours and prosocial behaviours. Data from an international survey with representative samples (N=23,733) of 23 countries were analysed. Specification curve analysis showed that higher trust in government was significantly associated with higher adoption of health and prosocial behaviours in all reasonable specifications of multilevel linear models (median standardised β=0.173 and 0.244, P<0.001). We further used structural equation modelling to explore potential determinants of trust in government regarding pandemic control. Governments perceived as well organised, disseminating clear messages and knowledge on COVID-19, and perceived fairness were positively associated with trust in government (standardised β=0.358, 0.230, 0.055, and 0.250, P<0.01). These results highlighted the importance of trust in government in the control of COVID-19.
To Play or Not to Play? The Relationship Between Active Video Game Play and Electrophysiological Indices of Food-Related Inhibitory Control in Adolescents
Authors: Smith Joshua L. , Carbine Kaylie Amanda , Larson Michael J. , Tucker Larry A. , Christensen William F. , LeCheminant James D , Bailey Bruce W
Published: June 2020

Sedentary behaviors, such as computer use and sedentary video games, are barriers to physical activity, contribute to overweight and obesity among adolescents, and can adversely affect eating behaviors. Active video games may increase daily physical activity levels among adolescents and improve food-related inhibitory control. We compared the effects of acute bouts of active and sedentary video gaming on event-related potential (ERP) indices of food-related inhibitory control, energy expenditure, and ad libitum eating. In a within-subjects design, 59 adolescent participants (49% female, Mage = 13.29 ± 1.15) completed two separate counterbalanced, 60-minute long video gaming sessions separated by seven days. Immediately after, participants completed two go/no-go tasks with high- and low-calorie images and N2 and P3 ERP amplitudes were measured. Participants also completed a Stroop task and were given high- and low-calorie snacks to consume ad libitum. Results indicated that active relative to sedentary video games significantly increased energy expenditure on multiple measures (e.g., METs, heart rate, kcals burned) and participants consumed more calories after the active compared to the sedentary video game session. N2 amplitudes were larger when participants inhibited to high- compared to low-calorie foods, suggesting high-calorie foods necessitate increased recruitment of inhibitory control resources; however, there were non-significant differences for the N2 or P3 amplitudes, accuracy or response times, and Stroop performance between active versus sedentary video game sessions. Overall, sixty minutes of active video gaming increased energy expenditure and food consumption but did not significantly alter neural or behavioral measures of inhibitory control to food stimuli.
Social Psychology and Pandemics: Exploring Consensus about Research Priorities and Strategies using the Delphi Method
Authors: Khan Sammyh , Hult Khazaie Daniella
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to calls for contributions from the social and behavioural sciences in responding to the social and behavioural dimensions of the pandemic. The current Delphi study explored expert opinions and consensus about the contributions that can be made by social psychology and social psychologists, and research priorities and strategies to this end. A two-round Delphi process was employed involving a panel of 52 professors of social psychology from 25 countries. Responses to open-ended questions presented to the panel in Round 1 were condensed and reformulated into 100 closed-ended statements that the panel rated their agreement with in Round 2. Consensus was reached for 55 topics to which social psychology can contribute, 26 topics that should be prioritised, and 19 strategies that should be implemented. The findings contribute to further focusing research efforts in psychology in its response to the social and behavioural dimensions of the COVID-19 and future pandemics.
Prescription Patterns of Antihypertensive Drugs at Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Lamsal Kamal Sharma , Neupane Keshav Raj , Kafle Rajati Sharma
Published: June 2020

Background: Hypertension is leading cause of deaths in the world. It is a modifiable and major risk factor for cardiovascular, renal and brain diseases. This study was done to see the current trend of prescription patterns of antihypertensive drugs in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.
Materials and Methods: Observational cross sectional study was done in the patients with hypertension from September 2018 to September 2019 in the department of Medicine of Civil Service Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 242 Patients who were undergoing antihypertensive treatment were included. All calculations and statistical analyses are processed by the SPSS 25.0.
Results: Out of 242 prescriptions, 135(55.8%) were males, and 107(44.2%) were females. Among them, 49 (20.2%) patients had controlled Blood Pressure, 63(26%) patients had hypertension stage I and the remaining 130 patients (53.7%) patients had stage II hypertension. In the present study, 133 (54.96%) were treated with monotherapy while, 71 (29.33%) patients were prescribed with dual therapy. The most frequently prescribed drug as monotherapy was Calcium Channel Blocker in 71(53.3%) patients followed by Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in 38 (28.6%) and thiazide diuretics in 21 (15.7%) patients. Calcium Channel Blockers with Angiotensin Receptor Blockers was the most prescribed combination in 44 (62.1%) patients followed by Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Thiazide Diuretics in 19 (26.8%) patients.
Conclusion: Calcium channel blockers are the highest among the drugs that are used as monotherapy. In combination therapy, Calcium channel blockers with angiotensin receptor blocker and angiotensin receptor blockers with thiazide diuretics are the frequently prescribed drugs.
A Review Literature on Efficacy and Comparison between the Drugs Used in Influenza
Authors: Ashraf Rabia , Pervez Hira , Ahmed Munis Mahboob , Ahmed Fawad , Neupane Karun
Published: June 2020

Seasonal flu or influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by Influenza virus A and B. The disease is usually self-limiting, but can occasionally lead to dire complications. To prevent the occurrence of these complications, many preventive, as well as therapeutic remedies, have been implicated. Vaccines have shown to reduce morbidity associated with influenza viral infection. In addition to this, if an infection does occur, it may lead to adversities, especially in patients with extremes of ages, i.e., less than 12 and more than 65. The advent of anti-viral medications has helped in a significant reduction in the symptoms associated with this disease. But, as resistance to these chemicals has emerged, this is now contributing to the widespread endemics and pandemics. With this understanding, newer and better drugs are being introduced in the market. One such medication is Baloxavir, a modified version of the novel anti-viral drugs. We conducted a thorough electronic data search on PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles were filtered using the exclusion criteria of, “co-morbid conditions,” immunodeficiency state,” “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,” etc. The extracted articles were within a five-year time frame and were free full text. Further information was extracted using cross-references. Articles were screened for duplication. In this literature review, we describe in detail the advantages of Baloxavir to reduce the morbidity associated with Influenza infection.
Wzloty, odchylenia i lamenty, czyli imitatorzy wobec potrzeby nowości
Authors: Buszewicz Elwira
Published: June 2020

Precursors and forerunners, when they seek for novelty, establish some norms and frameworks which, in turn, become defining for poetical genres and currents. So, what is the right of an imitator to search for new paths? The subject of the article are meta-poetic declarations of creators, who willingly and consciously follow in the footsteps of their great predecessors. The author points to the metaphors by means of which the poets defend their “space of freedoms” or concede to their powerlessness. The cases of the following poets are considered: Józef Bartłomiej Zimorowic in relation to Szymon Szymonowicz, Albert Ines and Andrzej Kanon in relation to Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski. Especially close attention was given to problematics and contexts of Albert Ines’s words prefacing a collection of poems that are quoted and translated in the article.
Historyja żałosna… Bartłomieja Paprockiego – u progu polskiej epiki historycznej
Authors: Ryba Renata
Published: June 2020

The subject of considerations in the present article is the work by Bartłomiej Paprocki: Historyja żałosna o prędkości i okrutności tatarskiej […], which appeared in 1575. What can be noticed in the said work is the process of intersecting of generic features of current-novelties song (Polish pieśń nowiniarska) and the epic features, the latter being particularly those that characterise historical narrative poems, such as: verismo, events chronology, using information from contemporaneous sources, recording places and persons who participate in depicted events, moderation when it comes to utilising stylistic devises. At the same time, mainly in the dedicatory letter addressed to Anzelm Gostomski, an endeavour may be noticed to overcome the poetics of current-novelties songs – not least by creating the image of poet as a soothsayer. To the author’s mind, the work by Paprocki appeared at the dawn of Polish heroicum. The narrative poem in question came a few years prior to the poetical renderings from the times of war campaigns of Stephen Báthory, which are considered by this subject’s scholars as first attempts at creating new poetical quality – the historical narrative poem.
Wiersze (wybór)
Authors: Janiak Kamila
Published: June 2020

Poems (a Selection)
Wkurwy, złostki i pomiędzy. O wierszach Kamili Janiak
Authors: Kaczmarski Paweł
Published: June 2020

The article is focused on the theme of anger in Kamila Janiak’s poetry – its forms, types, and understanding that transpire as she develops her poetry. A paradigm of reception assumed herein as a departure point is the category of a “piss-off” (Polish vulgar noun wkurw, a strong sensation of anger), which is synonymous with intense and politically motivated indignation. The author of the article, however, attempts to show that Janiak’s poetry has been for a long time defined by other affective registers; emotions and moods in a way supressed – restricted, unfulfilled, most of all: incapable of climaxing and of “exploding.” The said state of affairs should be connected with the structure of individual and collective subjectivity appearing in Janiak’s poetry, namely, a subject that is shattered and (also politically) dispersed, lacking any devices to develop a coherent narrative, with hardly any access to political forms of anger which frequently cannot exist without consistent narrative. Instead of being expressed by one’s indignation, the said subject resorts to “little fits of pique” (a diminutive złostki is used here by Janiak), a series of minor, yet rapidly accumulating irritations, which do not find their outlet. This state of being affectively shattered may be seen in existential categories, but also political and generational ones.
Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej Ewaluacje literatury – krytyka, teoria, historia
Authors: Śnioszek Andrzej
Published: June 2020

A Report from the Academic Conference Evaluating Literature – Criticism, Theory, and History (Doctoral Candidates Research Circle at the Faculty of Philology and the Ireneusz Opacki Institute of the Study of Polish Literature, Faculty of Philology, University of Silesia, Katowice, 8th–9th April 2019)
Kilka refleksji o nauczaniu, literaturze, pisarstwie i języku Z J.M. Coetzeem rozmawia Marek Pawlicki
Authors: Coetzee John Maxwell , Pawlicki Marek
Published: June 2020

A conversation with J.M. Coetzee, carried out in the July of 2019 via mail, touches upon such topics as the learning and teaching processes, the teacher‒student and the writer‒reader relations, as well as the notions of “death” and “alive [way of] reading,” the influence of Polish literature (in particular the poetry of Zbigniew Herbert) on the Nobel laureate’s works, and the Anna Wierzbicka’a concept of natural semantic meta-language.
Przemowa z okazji nadania godności doktora honoris causa Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach, 23 października 2018 roku
Authors: Coetzee John Maxwell , Pawlicki Marek
Published: June 2020

The presented text is the verbatim record of the address delivered on 23rd of October 2018 by John Maxwell Coetzee on the occasion of conferring on him a title of doctor honoris causa by the University of Silesia in Katowice. The theme of the speech in question is the significance of the English language in contemporary world.
Kryzys innowacyjności w Europie
Authors: Grosse Tomasz Grzegorz
Published: June 2020

The European Union is gradually losing competitive advantage against the biggest rivals on a global scale, due to the difficulty of creating new technologies and their application in the economy. This process is related to the withdrawal from industrial policy, which has its source in focusing the European integration on neoliberal common market, open to outside competitors. Moreover, the main trajectory of development of the EU was the expansion of the common market, achieved by successive rounds of enlargement of the Community, rather than building competitive advantages on a global scale. Added to this are the problems of the EU innovation policy related to the troubles in the coordination of national policies, bureaucratic obstacles, as well as the deficit of offsetting the differences of innovative economy in the whole Community.
Wyznaczniki kryzysu społecznego w Europie
Authors: Szewior Krzysztof
Published: June 2020

The aim of the paper is to present the essence of the social crisis in Europe at the European Union, national and regional level. Article uses the research methods of the social science, particularly from the field of social policy. Research results indicate that in the EU there is social differentiation, which became stronger after 2008. This social differentiation can be called a social crisis. It is also apparent that the EU has failed to permanently build a cohesive social area.
Kryzys modernizacyjny a działania Unii Europejskiej na rzecz wzrostu gospodarczo-społecznego
Authors: Miecznikowska Justyna
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the analysis is to demonstrate, in the historical perspective covering the period between 2000 and 2014, the series of modernisation efforts, undertaken within the European Union, which aimed at increasing the rationality of economic and social processes occurring in the single European market. The assumption was that a thorough examination of the current process of EU reforms would allow for the identification of sources of the modernisation crisis. The adopted research hypothesis assumes that the present modernisation crisis is a consequence of the weakness of European governance and insufficient adaptation of the EU policy instruments to the constantly changing political and economic challenges, such as globalisation, territorial expansion and the global financial crisis. Effective modernisation of the European Union is hindered by the manner of implementation of EU’s tasks and objectives at the national level (based on the open method of coordination) and challenged by the interstate competition escalating within the EU in times of economic downturn and arising from the divergent interpretations of national interests. The present modernisation crisis manifests itself in the failure to comply with the adopted economic and social development strategies and the threat of regressive changes.
Dylematy unijnej polityki sąsiedztwa oraz wyzwania dla polityki zewnętrznej UE na Bliskim Wschodzie, Afryce Północnej i Ameryce Łacińskiej
Authors: Mizerska-Wrotkowska Małgorzata
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyse the challenges for EU foreign policy in three of its geographical areas of interest, which I treat here as case studies: in North Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. The research challenge here is to answer the following questions: 1) How can the European Neighbourhood Policy be made more effective? 2) What lies behind the lack of consistency in EU policy towards the Arab states? 3) What are the challenges facing the European Union in North Africa? 4) What part does the European Union play in the Middle East peace process – and what part should it play? 5) What is the European Union’s role in resolving the crisis in Syria? 6) What are the limitations of EU policy in Latin America? The article undertakes a comparative analysis and is based on analysis and criticism of source material
Semestr europejski w Sejmie RP. Aspekty instytucjonalne i prawne
Authors: Woźnicki Tomasz
Published: June 2020

The article analyses the first years of the functioning of the European semester mechanism in the Sejm of the Republic of Poland from the institutional and legal perspectives. The author shows the evolution of the procedure in the lower house of the Polish parliament since the first edition of the Semester in 2011 until the last one recently ended in 2014. The research concerns the participation of different committees in the process of examining documents of the Semester cycle, EU inter-parliamentary cooperation, as well as the legal aspects of the government-parliament relations according to the cooperation act. The article also contains recommendations.
Uwarunkowania kryzysu tożsamości Unii Europejskiej w zakresie polityki zewnętrznej
Authors: Skolimowska Anna
Published: June 2020

The aim of the article is to explore identity crisis of the European Union in external relations – its causes and consequences. To this end it is necessary to define European Union’s identity in external relations as well as analyse the factors that determine the problems of its foreign policy. The analysis is rooted in historical institutionalism. It is assumed that the distinctiveness of the European Union in international relations is the result of the definition of its identity and the historical experience of building the political dimension of European integration. Methods applied for verification of the hypothesis are: historical analysis and content analysis of the documents relevant to the integration in the field of external policy. The analysis identifies factors constituting an identity crisis of the European Union in external relations, both ideational (identity construction) and material (political and institutional architecture).
Kryzys integracji europejskiej czy kryzys Unii Europejskiej? Przesłanki i skutki
Authors: Fiszer Józef M.
Published: June 2020

There is no doubt that the European Union, as a result of the European integration, is an unprecedented entity in the history of international relations. It is a symbol of a new, uniting Europe, which decided to eliminate war forever. Unfortunately, the idea of “eternal peace” has not materialised fully yet. The article aims to present the European Union at present, facing an ongoing crisis. The article discusses strengths and weaknesses of the EU, which – although it became substantially stronger expanding to the East – does not cope with many economic, political, social and international problems nowadays. The main thesis is the statement that the EU requires a complete overhaul so that it might continue to develop and be the European integration drive. If it does not happen, the EU will start to disintegrate and will finally collapse or become nothing more but just a free trade zone.
Brytyjskie i greckie referenda a groźba Brexitu i Grexitu
Authors: Musiał-Karg Magdalena , Lesiewicz Elżbieta
Published: June 2020

The people’s participation in decision-making process is a significant part of Europe’s and the European Union’s history. The institution of referendum plays important role in this context. The main aim of this article is to answer the question of how and in what circumstances referenda are used to decide on a possible resignation from the membership in the European Union (as in the case of the UK referendum) or indirectly – a possible exit from the euro zone (as in the case of the Greek vote on the adoption of financial bailout). An important task in this context is to consider the consequences of such referenda – both for individual countries and for the European Union as whole (also in the context of its flexibility).
Effect of Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) as Functional Additive on the Physical Properties of Poly(phenylene ether) (PPE)/PPS Blends
Authors: Kim D. K. , Song K. H. , Hwang S. S.
Published: June 2020

In this study, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) was introduced in polyphenylene ether (PPE) blend to improve the processability of PPE and to secure the flame retardancy of the blend without deteriorating physical properties. Through the study of the binary blend of PPE/PPS, it was found that the shear thinning behavior and the external lubrication effect of PPS can improve the processability of PPE. Thermal analysis of the blend showed that the glass transition temperature of the PPS component decreases by the plasticization while that of the PPE component increases by the anti-plasticization effect. The modulus of the binary blend increased with the PPS content, and the tensile strength decreased but followed the additive rule. The change in tensile properties can be explained by the synergy effect of partial miscibility between PPE and PPS due to structural similarity, and non-isotropic morphology formation. Impact strength increased sharply in PPE60 due to the mechanical grafting effect by co-continuous phase formation. In the ternary blend with SEBS-MAH applied to PPE60, the impact strength steep increased at a content of 10 wt% or more due to the dramatic morphology change based on the compatibilization effect. Flame retardancy of V0 was also observed in all compositions where SEBS-MAH was applied within 20 phr.
THE SITUATION IN THE “MIDDLE EAST” AFTER THE DECLINE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: PROVIDING A THEORETICAL SOLUTION FOR THE INSTABILITY
Authors: ERTOY Birkan
Published: June 2020

Instability in the Middle East is a well-known phenomenon and this condition is mostly seen as arising from the rivalry of great powers in the region. However, during the time of the Ottoman Empire, there was stability in the region until its decline. After the establishment of nation-states in the region, stability lasted for a while until international powers left. In this sense, what is needed for stability is a power that is able to unite the region states in an inclusivist manner as the Ottoman Empire had previously managed. Even though there is plenty of research about the region, there has been little analysis of the region using a theoretical framework. Additionally, there is no research that uses an Eastern approach since the dominant knowledge is produced by the West. Therefore, this article is an attempt to analyse instability in the region using a new geopolitical theory called Barakah Circles. Moreover, Turkey’s role in the Middle East will be discussed in line with the theoretical perspective of this study
Maslenitsa in the Historiography of Socio-Cultural Activities
Authors: Riabkov Vladimir Mikhailovich
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the consideration of "Maslenitsa" in the historiography of social and cultural activities. It is noted that "Maslenitsa" as a national holiday appeared before the baptism of Russia. The author emphasizes that the study of the historiography of the holiday is of undoubted interest, both for scientists and practitioners of the leisure sphere, since such research is conducted for the first time.
The purpose of the research is to reveal how historians, ethnographers, and folklorists studied Maslenitsa in various periods of Russian history. The author's task was to show the structure of Maslenitsa, the organization of its holding and numerous leisure forms of its holding, as well as to show through numerous studies how each day of Maslenitsa was celebrated.
Methods. Various sources (monographs, articles, dissertations) that reveal the content and conduct of Maslenitsa in various historical periods are used in the study.
The article provides a historiographical analysis of the national holiday "Maslenitsa". The author points out that at present the historiography of social and cultural activities, as a branch of pedagogical science, has become an independent section of research on a par with the history and theory of social and cultural activities. It is emphasized that the study of forms of holiday and entertainment culture in the history of socio-cultural activities is one of the directions of historiography in socio-cultural activities. Historiography of socio-cultural activity in its scientific development makes the first independent steps. The scientific novelty of this research is undeniable. Based on the fundamental historiographical material, the author shows the emergence of the "Maslenitsa", its structure, organization and conduct. In the article each day of the holiday and entertainment ways for its conduct are defined.
Keywords: Maslenitsa, historiography, sociocultural activities, meeting, zaigryshi, lakomka, shirokij Chetverg, mother-in-law’s evening, sister in law’s gatherings, Sorry and Forgive day, holiday, holiday and entertainment culture, leisure.
Personal Identity of the Artist as a Condition and Result of Creativity in Art
Authors: Mochalova Nadezda Yurevna
Published: June 2020

The author outlines that the essence of the problem of personal identity is formulated in the form of a dilemma: the personality must be identical to itself, because it retains the inconsistency of all experiences, actions, plans throughout the life of the individual; the personality must not be identical to itself on the basis of its inclusion in the context of changing being, which inevitably implies its internal self-change. It is noted that this dilemma involves the use of the term “identity” in two contexts: in the context of comparison (the opposite meaning of “identical” is expressed in the following terms: “other”, “another”, “alien”, “unequal”, “reverse”) and in the context of development, temporality (the term “identity” becomes the opposite meaning of “changed”, “impermanent”, “developing”).
Research methods: analysis of literature on the topic studied; comparison, descriptive method.
The artist's creative identity as a dialectical process of changing the dominant forms, styles, and images is reviewed in the article. The artistic and ontological problem of self-identity of artistic personality is presented through the dialogue between “One” and “Other”. The artistic reality of a work of art allows the artist to know the essence of his identity in the context of intersubjectivity.
It is concluded that the paradigm that allows us to detect intersubjective conditionality of identity is the relational ontology, which represents relationships as a fundamental form of being. It is emphasized that personal identity is discursively mediated by a person's self-understanding, so hermeneutics primarily becomes the methodological space in which this research is carried out. Hermeneutics proves that self-knowledge and self-understanding of a person is an interpretive process that forms an important part of the subject's ontology. According to this methodology, personal identity is mediated by its own interpretive activity as a narrative philosophy, as a person's story about himself, and as the formation of a life story.
The author is impressed by the productive idea of E.G. Trubina's research on the reflection of the individual as a creative process of self-construction in relation to the modified personal identity of the artist.
Teaching the Russian Language as a Native at Elementary School: Problems and Ways of Their Solution
Authors: Yashina Natalya Yurevna
Published: June 2020

The relevance of studying the Russian language as a mother tongue for the formation of national identity, spiritual and moral values, and communication and speech skills in younger schoolchildren is reviewed in the article. The purpose of the article is to identify ways to overcome the problems of a substantive and methodical nature in teaching of the new subject “Native Russian Language” by primary school teachers.
Methods. Methods of analyzing the content of the basic course of the Russian language, a generalization of pedagogical practice and research activities of the Primary Education Department of SBEI of SVE “Nizhny Novgorod Institute of the Education Development” on the problem of the formation of communication and speech skills in primary schoolchildren and the development of communicative competence of a teacher, allowed identifying priority tasks, substantive blocks, practice-oriented and regional orientation of the program of the subject.
Results. As a result of the study, the feasibility of the national and cultural and regional nature of the content and effective technological methods are highlighted.
It is concluded that taking into account the specifics of the program, correctly selected by teachers relevant and appropriate content of educational material that meet the needs of younger schoolchildren, as well as effective teaching methods and tasks, contributes to solving problems, awareness of the national identity of the Russian language, cultural traditions and spiritual values of their people by students, and preserving the linguistic diversity of our country.
Revival of Cultural Traditions of Katsky Stan on the Pages of Regional Publication "Katsky Chronicle”
Authors: Nevzorova Ekaterina Dmitrievna
Published: June 2020

It is outlined that in the era of globalization, one of the key features of which is unification, there is a real danger of the disappearance of cultures of small ethnic groups. As a result, it becomes important to preserve and restore knowledge about their culture, customs and traditions. One of the bright projects dedicated to this topic is the “Katsky project”, the main translator of ideas of which is the area publication “Katsky chronicle”. The purpose of the research is to study the culture of the Katsky stan and ways of its revival.
Hypothesis. In the course of the research, it was suggested that the journal “Katsky chronicle” is a way to revive and preserve the culture of the Katsky people.
Methods of research. The research was carried out with the help of theoretic and empiric methods, the main method is the study of the historiographic database, which was compiled by the issues of the journal “Katsky chronicle” for the period from 1992 to 2017. The study of the journal's issues was conducted by analyzing the structure, content, sections, and language specifics of the journal (from the standpoint of semantics, phonetics, word formation, etc.).
Results of research. The results confirmed the reflection of Katsky culture on the pages of the journal “Katsky chronicle”: the authors of the articles used specific dialect katsky language which is a fundamental component of ethno-cultural identity of the Katsky people. Along with the language, the journal demonstrates folklore, publishes historical information about the Katsky stan and its inhabitants, symbols, specifics of the way of life and housekeeping, customs and traditions. The results also confirmed that in the era of globalization, in an atmosphere of universal similarity and uniformity, there are examples of preserving the uniqueness and ethno-cultural identity of communities of people in their places of local residence.