bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Mahasiswa dalam Penyusunan Karya Tulis Ilmiah di Pascasarjana UIN Malang
Authors: Rosyida Fatia Ainur , Hanifah Khusnul , Latif Muhammad Sabri , Abidin Munirul
Published: July 2024

Karya tulis ilmiah dapat mengantarkan kemampuan akademik mahasiswa berkembang lebih baik. Kemampuan ini seharusnya sudah dimiliki mahasiswa dalam menulis yang efektif. Namun berdasarkan fakta masih banyak mahasiswa yang belum bisa menulis dengan baik dan benar. Sebab itu, perlu adanya strategi yang diterapkan mahasiswa dalam menyusun karya tulis ilmiah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan akademiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan strategi mahasiswa Pascasarjana UIN Malang dalam menulis karya tulis ilmiah dan tantangan mahasiswa Pascasarjana UIN Malang dalam menyusun karya tulis ilmiah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data pada penelitian ini melalui reduksi data, display data, penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi mahasiswa Pascasarjana UIN Malang dalam menulis karya tulis ilmiah meliputi menentukan topik tulisan yang menarik, memperbanyak membaca, menyesuaikan format penulisan, mengikuti pelatihan karya tulis ilmiah. Adapun tantangan yang dihadapi dalam menyusun karya tulis ilmiah terdapat beberapa macam yaitu menentukan judul yang tepat, menyusun kalimat sesuai dengan ejaan yang disempurnakan dan mood yang tidak stabil.
Texto para Discussão 2891
Authors: Mello Janine , Pereira Ana Camila Ribeiro
Published: July 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo sistematizar e apresentar dados sobre a criação e o fechamento das organizações da sociedade civil (OSCs) brasileiras no período 1901-2020, a partir da base de Cadastro Nacional de Pessoas Jurídicas (CNPJ) disponibilizada pela Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil (SRFB). Os resultados expostos constituem um levantamento inédito englobando o conjunto de mais de 1 milhão de organizações criadas nos últimos 120 anos no país e distribuídas por todo o território nacional.
MARKETING CHAIN ANALYSIS OF ORCHID PLANT (Case Study at the Bratang Flower Market, Gubeng District, Surabaya)
Authors: Asa Firna , Humaidi Faisol
Published: July 2024

Background One of the easiest and most fertile types of beautiful flowering ornamental plants in Indonesia is the orchid. The business of orchids as a commercial flower that has high economic value has been going on for a long time, and has even become one of the important commodities in the world floricultural trade. The orchid business is currently quite developed, so that it will be able to increase farmers' income, meet the demands of environmental beauty, make residential, hotel and office complexes more beautiful. The aim is to determine the marketing chain of Orchids in the Bratang Flower Market, Gubeng District, Surabaya. Research Methods The type of research used in this research is the case study method, by taking the case of an orchid plant seller at the Bratang Flower Market, Gubeng District, Surabaya. Respondents as a whole are as many as 16 people. The analysis used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Results The product flow pattern of the orchid marketing chain in the Bratang Flower Market, Gubeng District, Surabaya, has one channel that distributes products in the form of orchids, namely farmers selling orchids to collectors, then collecting traders selling to retailers and retailers then selling to consumers, financial flows flow from consumers To the retailer, the retailer flows to the collector, then the collector to the farmer and the flow of information that flows from the orchid farmer to the collector, the collector to the retailer and the retailer flows to the final consumer. This occurs in two interrelated directions. The distribution margin is IDR 0.19/Pot, the total marketing margin is IDR 5000/Pot. Orchid marketing efficiency at the Bratang Flower Market, Gubeng District, Surabaya, which is equal to 1.06%, it can be said that marketing of orchids in the research area has been efficient. The conclusion is that the distribution margin is IDR 5000/pot, the total margin is IDR 5000/pot. Orchid marketing efficiency at the Bratang Flower Market, Gubeng District, Surabaya, which is equal to 1.06%, it can be said that marketing of orchids in the research area has been efficient.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA PENGGEMUKAN DOMBA PADA KELOMPOK TERNAK MULYO JAYA DESA DOYOMULYO KECAMATAN KEMBANGBAHU KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Wijaya Hengky Saputra , Anela Kurniasari Dwiyana
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan di usaha ternak penggemukan domba pada kelompok ternak Mulyo Jaya Desa Doyomulyo Kecamatan Kembangbahu Kabupaten Lamongan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha ternak penggemukan domba serta mengetahui skala kepemilikan domba yang harus dipelihara untuk mendapatkan pendapatan yang setara dengan Upah Minimum Kota (UMK) lamongan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan yaitu pada bulan Februari 2023 – April 2023. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu sampel jenuh. Jenis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, kuisioner dan interview. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usaha ternak penggemukan domba pada kelompok ternak Mulyo Jaya ini layak untuk di usahakan dan jika merujuk pada UMK Kota lamongan tahun 2023 sebesar Rp. 2.701.977, maka usaha ternak penggemukan domba dengan skala 50 ekor mendapatkan pendapatan sebesar Rp. . 3.335.827 yang artinya lebih tinggi dari UMK Kota tersebut.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN INDUSTRI KERAJINAN ENCENG GONDOK TERHADAP TOTAL PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PENGRAJIN (Studi Kasus di Desa Kludan Kecamatan Tanggulangin Kabupaten Sidoarjo)
Authors: Suhardi Natalia , Syahrial Ramon
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui: (1) Proses pengolahan industri kerajinan enceng gondok sehingga menjadi kerajinan. (2) Hambatan yang dialami pengrajin kerajinan enceng gondok. (3) Upaya pengrajin mengatasi hambatan industri kerajinan enceng gondok. (4) Sumbangan pendapatan dari industri kerajinan enceng gondok. (5) Upaya pengembangan diri pengrajin industri kerajinan enceng gondok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuntitatif dimana subyek penelitian ini adalah rumah tangga pengrajin yang ada di desa Kludan Kecamatan tanggulangin Kabupaten sidoarjo sebanyak 50 responden dan merupakan penelitian populasi. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deskripif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pengolahan industri kerajinan enceng gondok yang ada di desa kludan Kecamatan tanggulangin Kabupaten Sidoarjo masih dalam bentuk barang ½ jadi, harga bahan baku Rp 4.500/kg. Hasil kerajinan enceng gondok antara lain: tas, bantal, prismet, tikar, dan lain – lain. Harga hasil kerajinan enceng gondok berkisar Rp 8.000 – Rp 30.000 tergantung besar kecilnya barang kerajinan. (2) Hambatan yang dialami pengrajin yaitu bahan baku mahal, pengrajin tidak diberi kesempatan mengolah kerajinan enceng gondok sampai tahap finishing. (3) Upaya mengatasi hambatan yaitu pengrajin belajar mengolah kerajinan enceng gondok sampai tahap finishing untuk meningkatkan harga kerajinan enceng gondok dengan membentuk kelompok. (4) Sumbangan pendapatan dari kerajinan enceng gondok terhadap total pendapatan rumah tangga pengrajin sebesar 27,5 %. (5) Upaya pengembangan diri pengrajin industri kerajinan enceng gondok yaitu pengrajin mengikuti kursus atau pelatihan, melakukan promosi atau pameran untuk memperkenalkan kerajinan enceng gondok.
Gammarus sezgini sp. nov. (Arthropoda, Amphipoda, Gammaridae), a new amphipod species from the Eastern Black Sea region of Türkiye
Authors: Baytaşoğlu Hazel , Aksu İsmail , Özbek Murat
Published: July 2024

A new amphipod species belonging to the genus Gammarus was identified in the rivers of the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye: G. sezginisp. nov. The authors described the new species using a taxonomic approach that combines morphological and molecular data. The newly identified species belongs to the G. komareki species complex because of the setation of antenna 2, pereopods 3 and 4, and the uropod 3. Some of its characteristic features are as follows: A medium-large species (holotype male, 9.8 mm). The body is yellowish; no dorsal keel or hump; eyes well developed, kidney-shaped; extremities not elongated; the second antenna bears numerous groups of long setae on the peduncle and flagellar segments; antennal gland cone long, not curved; the posterior margin of pereopod 3 is densely setose; the setae on the posterior edge of pereopod 4 are shorter and fewer in number; the anterior margins of pereopods 5 to 7 bear spines in the male; epimeral plates are not pointed. The newly identified species looks similar to G. komareki but differs from it by having a longer antennal gland cone, having fewer D-setae (33) in the third segment of the mandible palp, having shorter setae on the ventral part of the peduncular segment of the antenna 2, and having longer antenna 1, having fewer setae along the posterior margins of pereopods 3 and 4, and the absence of setae along the anterior margins of merus and carpus of pereopod 7. The new species is distinct from its relatives by high genetic distance (COI: 17.10% and 28S: 0.88%) and was resolved from them as an independent lineage with high support (ML: 78%, NJ: 70%, and BI: 1.0) in all phylogenetic results, based on the concatenated dataset (28S+COI). Additionally, species delimitation analyses (ASAP and PTP) based on the COI gene supported the conclusion that the new species constitutes an independent lineage. Detailed descriptions and drawings of the male holotype and the female allotype are given, and the morphology of the newly identified species is compared with that of its relatives.
Intelligent recommendation algorithm for social networks based on improving a generalized regression neural network
Authors: Wu Gongcai
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the vigorous development of the Internet has led to the exponential growth of network information. The recommendation system can analyze the potential preferences of users according to their historical behavior data and provide personalized recommendations for users. In this study, the social network model was used for modeling, and the recommendation model was improved based on variational modal decomposition and the whale optimization algorithm. The generalized regression neural network structure and joint probability density function were used for sequencing and optimization, and then the genetic bat population optimization algorithm was used to solve the proposed algorithm. An intelligent recommendation algorithm for social networks based on improved generalized regression neural networks (RA-GNN) was proposed. In this study, three kinds of social network data sets obtained by real crawlers were used to solve the proposed RA-GNN algorithm in the real social network data environment. The experimental results showed that the RA-GNN algorithm proposed in this paper could implement efficient and accurate recommendations for social network information.
Collaborative Working e-Learning Environments Supported by Rule-Based e-Tutor
Authors: Odeh Salaheddin , Ketaneh Eiman
Published: July 2024

Collaborative working environments for distance education sets a goal of convenience and an adaptation into our technologically advanced societies. To achieve this revolutionary new way of learning, environments must allow the different participants to communicate and coordinate with each other in a productive manner. Productivity and efficiency is obtained through synchronized communication between the different coordinating partners, which means that multiple users can execute an experiment simultaneously. Within this process, coordination can be accomplished by voice communication and chat tools. In recent times, multi-user environments have been successfully applied in many applications such as air traffic control systems, team-oriented military systems, chat text tools, and multi-player games. Thus, understanding the ideas and the techniques behind these systems can be of great significance regarding the contribution of newer ideas to collaborative working e-learning environments. However, many problems still exist in distance learning and tele-education, such as not finding the proper assistance while performing the remote experiment. Therefore, the students become overwhelmed and the experiment will fail. In this paper, we are going to discuss a solution that enables students to obtain an automated help by either a human tutor or a rule-based e-tutor (embedded rule-based system) for the purpose of student support in complex remote experimentative environments. The technical implementation of the system can be realized by using the powerful Microsoft .NET, which offers a complete integrated developmental environment (IDE) with a wide collection of products and technologies. Once the system is developed, groups of students are independently able to coordinate and to execute the experiment at any time and from any place, organizing the work between them positively.
Undergraduate/postgraduate student project work to support the teaching and learning of remote laboratory design
Authors: Grout Ian Andrew
Published: July 2024

In this paper, consideration is given to the types of skills required by engineers who would be tasked with designing, developing, implementing and maintaining remote engineering laboratories. In this, the engineer would be required to have a broad range of skills including electronic hardware design, computer software and information technology (IT) amongst others that are brought together in order to develop and support remote laboratories. The paper will consider these skills, along with the acquisition of these skills at primarily undergraduate level to acquire the basic skills, but also postgraduate level to acquire the advanced skills.
Hydraulic Plant Remote Laboratory
Authors: Zilka Vladimir , Bisták Pavol , Kurcik Peter
Published: July 2024

In this paper we present a three tank hydraulic system and possibilities how it can be used for the purpose of remote laboratories. The concept of our remote laboratory is based on client â?? server architecture. We compare two different approaches of remote control. First one uses a Java Server application implemented together with a control algorithm on the server side. In this case the control algorithm is realized in the Matlab/Simulink environment. There is necessary to exchange data between the Matlab and the Java Server application what is done through the COM technology. The second approach uses PC-independent network card which runs its own TCP server and the control algorithm is implemented on client side.
Mixed Reality Environment for Web-Based Laboratory Interactive Learning
Authors: Al-Aubidy Kasim M.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a web-based laboratory for distance learners by incorporating simulation and hardware implementation into web-based e-learning systems. It presents a development consisting of laboratory course through internet based on mixed reality technique to setup, run and manipulate set of experiments. Each experiment has been designed in a way that allows the learner to manipulate the components and check if it works properly in order to achieve the experiment objective. The proposed laboratory e-learning tool has web-based components accessed by authorized users. Learners can acquire the necessary skills they need, while learning the theory of the experiment and the basic characteristics of each component used in the experiment. Finally, a case study was conducted to show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
Application of the Control Validation to the D.E.S. Teaching
Authors: Marange Pascale , Gellot François , Riera Bernard
Published: July 2024

Objectives of Automation courses are knowledge and know-how transfer to students. It is important for learner to control locally or remotely real systems composed of many sensors and actuators. The use of these devices poses several problems. Firstly, it is difficult to adapt them to the studentâ??s level (from beginner to expert). Secondly, these systems are generally designed with industrial components. An error on the control-command design can involve safety problems and breakdowns. Technologies today allow remote use of plant. That makes it possible to improve the availability of the work practice rooms but ask pedagogy and safety questions. In this paper, we propose an original solution to solve these 2 problems. In order to guarantee the safety of the operators and the equipment, an approach using a validation filter is proposed. It is based on the logical constraints, which should in no case to be violated. In order to adapt the difficulty level, it is proposed to modify the level of automation. For that, the functional dimension of the automation system is modified to adapt the studentâ??s level of autonomy. In order to validate the approach, we applied it to an original project with 10-years-old children on a packaging system.
NeOS: Neuchâtel Online System
Authors: Sturzrehm Heiko , Aubert Frederic , Kropf Peter , Corfu Randoald
Published: July 2024

Most online courses include training assignments
and offer various forms of tests to evaluate the studentsâ??
performance. Some courses, in particular computer sciences
courses, require elaborate hands-on training experiences.
The NeOS Framework presented in this paper proposes an
e-learning tool developed supporting in particular hands-on
training through programming exercises. The user locally
develops his code in an editor-like user interface and then
tests his program code on a well secured remote machine. In
the case of programming exercises, the NeOS Framework
supports computer aided evaluation as well as the cross
check of solutions submitted. Furthermore, it offers several
security measures at the system level by securing in
particular the lab machines from being affected by attacks
from the outside, and at the usage level by reducing the
cheating opportunities.
SOA Meets Robots - A Service-Based Software Infrastructure for Remote Laboratories
Authors: Tröger Peter , Rasche Andreas , Feinbube Frank , Wierschke Robert
Published: July 2024

With the ongoing internationalization of virtual
laboratories, the integration aspect becomes more
important. The meanwhile commonly accepted â??glueâ?? for
such legacy systems are service oriented architectures, based
on standardized and accepted Web service standards.
We present our concept of the â??experiment as a serviceâ??,
where the idea of service-based architectures is applied to
virtual remote laboratories. In our laboratory middleware,
experiments are represented as stateful service
implementations and jobs as logical service instances of
these implementations. We discuss performance, reliability,
security and monitoring issues in this approach, and show
how the resulting infrastructure - the Distributed Control
Lab - is applied in the European VetTrend project.
TCP/IP Communication between Server and Client in Multi User Remote Lab Applications
Authors: Garbi Zutin Danilo , Auer Michael E. , Bocanegra J.F. , López E.R. , Martins A.C.B. , Ortega Juan Antonio , Pester Andreas
Published: July 2024

Remote labs in difference to virtual labs allow as usual only a single user access. To manage the user access for such remote experiments a reservation system is used. The aim of this work is to develop a simultaneous multi user access to the lab server and the remote experiment. This approach was tested for the READ remote lab and a Microcontroller remote lab, installed at the CUAS. The system controlled by LabView has been implemented using a Data Acquisition Card from National instruments. The performance of the simultaneous access was tested under load with a variable number of users. For the MRL a queue gives access to the peripherals to the main user, while the others wait for their time slot to use the system. This was implemented in such a way due to the synchronous characteristics of this lab.
Measurement Rounding Errors in an Assessment Model of Project Led Engineering Education
Authors: Moreira Francisco , Sousa Rui M , Leão Celina P , Alves Anabela C , Lima Rui M
Published: July 2024

This paper analyzes the rounding errors that occur in the assessment of an interdisciplinary Project-Led Education (PLE) process implemented in the Integrated Master degree on Industrial Management and Engineering (IME) at University of Minho. PLE is an innovative educational methodology which makes use of active learning, promoting higher levels of motivation and studentsâ?? autonomy. The assessment model is based on multiple evaluation components with different weights. Each component can be evaluated by several teachers involved in different Project Supporting Courses (PSC). This model can be affected by different types of errors, namely: (1) rounding errors, and (2) non-uniform criteria of rounding the grades. A rigorous analysis of the assessment model was made and the rounding errors involved on each project component were characterized and measured. This resulted in a global maximum error of 0.308 on the individual student project grade, in a 0 to 100 scale. This analysis intended to improve not only the reliability of the assessment results, but also teachersâ?? awareness of this problem. Recommendations are also made in order to improve the assessment model and reduce the rounding errors as much as possible.
Matlab Based Remote Control of Thermo-Optical Plant
Authors: Zakova Katarina , Kohut Matej
Published: July 2024

The paper is focused on a thermo-optical plant that is used for experimental work at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology STU in Bratislava. Our attention was dedicated to one approach of its remote control. A Java client-server application was created that enables to connect the graphical user interface with the Matlab engine running on the server.
Developing Tele-Operated Laboratories for Manufacturing Engineering Education. Platform for E-Learning and Telemetric Experimentation (PeTEX)
Authors: Terkowsky Claudius , Jahnke Isa , Pleul né: Burkhardt Christian , Licari Roberto , Johannssen Per , Buffa Gianluca , Heiner Matthias , Fratini Livan , LoValvo Ernesto , Nicolescu Mihai , Wildt Johannes , Tekkaya A. Erman
Published: July 2024

The aim of the PeTEX-project is to establish an e-Learning platform for the development, implementation, and delivery of educational training programs in the field of manufacturing engineering. The PeTEX team designs both: a technical platform for eLearning based on â??Moodle
A Universal Communication Framework and Navigation Control Software for Mobile Prototyping Platforms
Authors: Henke Karsten , Ostendorf Steffen , Volkert Thomas , Mitschele-Thiel Andreas
Published: July 2024

In our contribution we would like to describe two new aspects of our low-cost mobile prototyping platform concept: a new hardware communication framework as well as new software features for navigation and control of our mobile platform. The paper is an extension of the ideas proposed in REV2009 [1] and is based on the therein used hardware platform and the monitoring and management software. This platform is based on the Quadrocopter concept â?? autonomous flying helicopter-style robots â?? and includes additional off-the-shelf parts. This leads to a universal mobile prototyping platform for communication tasks providing both mobile phone and WiFi access. However, the platform can provide these functions far more quickly than a technician on the ground might be able to. We will show that with our concept we can easily adapt the platform to the individual needs of the user, which leads to a very flexible and semi-autonomous system.
An In-Depth Qualitative Interview
Authors: Burton Sharon L. , Burrell Darrell N. , White Yoshino W. , Nobles Calvin , Dawson Maurice E. , Brown-Jackson Kim L. , Muller S. Rachid , Bessette Dustin I.
Published: July 2024

AI (artificial intelligence) is impacting privacy positively and negatively. While AI has the potential to enhance privacy through improved security measures and data protection, it is creating new types of digital privacy harms. The chapter focuses on privacy risks and challenges (i.e., data breaches, profiling and surveillance, algorithmic bias, deepfakes and technology, and predictive analytics), including how AI can bolster security measures and data protection. Regulatory responses, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), are discussed as attempts to address these challenges. Through this chapter, this researcher applies a qualitative and in-depth interview methodology and design to explain the multifaceted relationship between AI and privacy in the digital age. Research results offer avenues to address privacy risks and challenges. Benefactors of this research are practitioners, academics, and learners in AI, cybersecurity, and criminology/criminal justice.
Unveiling the Virtual Voyeur
Authors: Nayak Deepali B. , Himachala Jayanth
Published: July 2024

In the recent past, while humans have been relentlessly working like machines, machines have developed abilities to think like humans. With exponential technological advancements in robotics and machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a word we hear more often than we wish to. AI can very briefly be described as machines' ability to think and decide on their own without human interference. This ability of AI to imitate human behaviour has made the world both excited and worried simultaneously. While AI has been used in research and to predict algorithms, social scientists are worried about the sudden, unregulated interference of AI into our lives and its impact on human rights. In this chapter, the authors discuss how AI and super-technology can be a threat to human rights, primarily with respect to the right to privacy and why there is a dire need to regulate the development and use of AI for the protection of human rights.
Domain Name Dispute Resolution in Sri Lanka and Beyond
Authors: Balendra Soorya
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, the author examines the current mechanisms for resolving domain name disputes in Sri Lanka. Through a meticulous exploration of litigation and various alternative dispute resolution (ADR) avenues, the study seeks to comprehensively analyze the challenges posed by these measures in the contemporary landscape. By highlighting the absence of a dedicated legal framework for domain name disputes, the study employs a comparative analysis of international standards in this domain, including the uniform domain name dispute policy implemented by ICANN. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the pressing need for a distinct uniform dispute resolution policy tailored for Sri Lanka to facilitate effective dispute settlement. Moreover, the study strongly advocates for the incorporation of online dispute resolution (ODR) mechanisms as an efficient means to resolve domain name disputes.
Hate Speech in Indian Cyber Space at the Intersection of Law and Technology
Authors: Ojha Nitish Kumar , Vaish Abhishek
Published: July 2024

The rapid growth of technology and its reach to the masses has invited a new challenge to society: ‘inflammatory content'. The enormous use of technology has its demerits. After the pandemic, when everyone became highly dependent on technology, the expression of thought and the barrier of free will brought the issue of sanctity in the content mostly available on social media pages. In Indian cyberspace which has a strong base of democratic freedom, the society is multicultural and multilingual, where the ethos of one society may be taboo of another society poses a new and unique challenge of hate speech. This chapter reviews hate speech specially communicated through mainstream social media. This chapter extends to determine different categories of hate speech and its identification methodologies reported in different studies. Analysis of hate speech has been done thoroughly from a recognition point of view while comparing its methodological relevance to the same content in other countries.
Studies in the history of Cape Town, volume 2&3
Authors: Oberholster A.G.
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
'Aan de Grobbelaarsrivier' - 'n greep uit die vestigingsgeskiedenis van Oudtshoorn tot 1848
Authors: Appel André
Published: July 2024

Although the trek farmers were always on the move, a number of them were permanently settled in the present Oudtshoorn district by the end of the eighteenth century, the agricultural industry they founded promoting greater stability and a growing population. The traditional subsistence economy was converted into a market economy through the transport riding that sprang up between the Oudtshoorn district and the eastern and northern boundary districts. From 1811, when the magisterial district of George was established, and 1812 when a congregation of the Dutch Reformed Church took root there, the need for local administration and church authority increased. The first significant development in that direction was the erection in 1838 of the first church on Hartebeesrivier, a farm on the Grobbelaars River. This eventually became the centripetal force which led at the end of 1847 to the establishment of the town of Oudtshoorn on the farm Hartebeesrivier.
The history of nature conservation in Sandton
Authors: Carruthers E.J.
Published: July 2024

In this article one of the pioneering efforts to conserve nature in urban areas in South Africa is examined. The town of Sandton was founded in 1969 by combining suburbs and small-holdings to the north of Johannesburg in an independent local authority. From the outset the Town Council had attempted to balance the urban and natural environments in order to enhance the quality of life for the residents and to conserve portions of the highveld within the town lands. Although these far-sighted and bold moves were widely acclaimed at the time, conservation is no longer a priority in Sandton's local government. The central government, however, is now taking steps to ensure that the natural environment is not completely obliterated by urban development.
Die bou van die Suidwestelyn, 1895-1897, en die Nzasm-stasiegeboue op Krugersdorp en Klerksdorp
Authors: Zietsman C.F.R.
Published: July 2024

The Nederlandsch Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (NZASM) was established in 1887 with the exclusive purpose of linking the Transvaal Republic by rail with Delagoa Bay. Owing to a number of problems the construction of the so-called Randtram between Springs and Krugersdorp was tackled first. In 1893 the First Volksraad approved the railway between Krugersdorp and Klerksdorp, although it was clear right from the beginning that this line would not pay. However, after the discovery of gold near Klerksdorp and because of the alleged production potential of the Potchefstroom district and the desire to include the old Republican capital (Potchefstroom) in the Transvaal railway system, the construction of the Suidwestelyn (South-western line) went on. Construction had started during July 1895 and on 3 August 1897 the line was open for traffic. The old NZASM station buildings at Krugersdorp and Klerksdorp are still standing and, as they are two of the few elegant station buildings erected by the NZASM, should be preserved as symbols of the Suidwestelyn.
Onder-Kouga: Oorsig van 'n kontrei
Authors: Ferreira O.J.O.
Published: July 2024

Lower-Kouga, situated north of the Langkloof Valley, was mentioned by early travellers, but was probably never visited by them. The earliest indication of Whites living in the region is found in a reference by Thunberg written in 1773. By 1815 all the most important farms in the Lower-Kouga were already occupied. The population lives in scattered communities and the region is still the heartland of the Gerbers and Ferreiras. The harshness of the region resulted in the inhabitants' developing a specific character, while topographical factors influenced the outlay of farms and the construction of homes. Citrus production was originally the main source of income, but in course of time has been replaced, in importance, by stock-farming and deciduous fruits. The seclusion of the region was only ended during the late 1930s, but owing to the work of clergy, local members of the church council, and teachers at farm schools, mental and moral decay did not set in. The seclusion did, however, influence recreational activities and eating habits, and aided the development of home remedies. The gradual depopulation of the Lower-Kouga is an ongoing process, but with its beautiful scenery the region has tourist potential.
Greytown: A South African townscape
Authors: Haswell Robert F.
Published: July 2024

With only a few exceptions, South Africa's urban settlements were founded by people of either Dutch or British descent. The Dutch-Afrikaner dorp and the British-settler town can be recognized as contrasting places, but the British takeover of each of the four provinces initiated a period in which dorp and town elements were blended. This process of inter-cultural borrowing produced South African townscapes, of which Greytown, Natal is a prime example. Townscapes are vivid reflections of cultural history, and their interpretation can therefore be a useful adjunct to other sources of historical information.
The temple at Melrose
Authors: Naidoo Thillayvel
Published: July 2024

Many people visiting the White suburb of Melrose in northern Johannesburg are surprised to find a quaint wood-and-iron building there. This is the Melrose Hindu Temple built more than three-quarters of a century ago. Over the years there were numerous problems connected with the ownership of the land on which it was built but these problems were eventually overcome. Today it is still used as a place of worship and meditation. It was declared a national monument in 1981. This declaration was a fitting tribute to the early pioneers of the Johannesburg Hindu community.
Cape Town's municipal services a century ago
Authors: Taylor Ralph
Published: July 2024

Conditions in Cape Town in the 1880s left much to be desired, especially when one looks at it from the city engineer's point of view. A boom town at that stage with a total population of approximately 40 000, Cape Town offered few of the amenities associated with a modern city. The water-supply was inadequate until the completion of the Molteno Reservoir on Oranjezicht farm in 1886. The dusty unpaved roads had to be wetted with seawater in the dry season. However, they quickly turned into mud after the rains. Many parts of the town were unsewered, and where they existed the sewers very often were blocked by uncontrolled building alterations or the dumping of rubbish. No wonder public health was brought to a crisis at intervals by epidemics of typhoid caused by local insanitary conditions. Very dissimilar to those of today, indeed, were the problems the city engineer of this town, growing into a city, had to handle.
Diferencia salarial de género en Argentina (2019-2021). Cambios y continuidades en contextos de crisis
Authors: Favieri Francisco Nicolás
Published: July 2024

La pandemia por COVID-19 significó la profundización de los indicadores de desigualdad, pobreza y precariedad, siendo las mujeres uno de los grupos más afectados, al exhibir mayores dificultades para ingresar y permanecer en el trabajo y cuyas características suelen ser los bajos salarios, la flexibilidad y el no registro. En este trabajo buscamos aproximarnos a tal complejidad indagando sobre la brecha salarial entre varones y mujeres con el objetivo de determinar sus características y variaciones tomando como eje la pandemia en 2020 y comparando su comportamiento antes (2019) y después (2021). Para ello aplicamos el método de descomposición de Blinder-Oaxaca a fin de determinar los factores que explican las diferencias salariales. Como resultado señalamos que la brecha se amplía durante 2021 y que se sustenta sobre diferencias no observables reflejando la persistencia de situaciones posibles de discriminación de género en el mercado de trabajo.
Estado, ferrocarril y territorio: las estrategias gubernamentales para la ocupación de La Araucanía a fines del siglo XIX
Authors: Fuentes-Hernández Pablo , Barría-Catalán Tirza , Flores-Chávez Jaime
Published: July 2024

En La Frontera, también llamada Araucanía, territorio habitado por el pueblo mapuche que dividía el país en dos -sobre el que ni el dominio español (siglos XVI al XVIII) ni el estado republicano de Chile (s. XIX) habían conseguido establecer dominio-, se desarrollaron diversas estrategias para su ocupación, revelando maniobras para imponer, extender y consolidar procesos modernizadores del Estado chileno. Desde los discursos presidenciales de José Joaquín Pérez hasta los de José Manuel Balmaceda a fines del siglo XIX, se examina el papel del poder ejecutivo por materializar la presencia del Estado en la zona a través de grandes infraestructuras ferroviarias, como agentes dinamizadores de las nacientes ciudades y villas, y de las economías impulsadas por la colonización. Se verifica la construcción del viaducto del Malleco como hito territorial que extiende las comunicaciones y el transporte hacia el sur de Chile, cuyo lenguaje industrial confronta ecosistema y artilugio en un escenario ancestral.
Sociedad Femenina de socorros mutuos de Limache: un caso de Seguridad Social y Economía social solidaria en el escenario local del Chile del siglo XX (1948 - 1990)
Authors: Seguel-Montoya María Ignacia
Published: July 2024

Esta investigación presenta parte de los resultados del análisis realizado al Archivo de la Sociedad Femenina de socorros mutuos de Limache en el marco temporal de los años 1948 a 1990. La asociación estudiada buscaría ser una red de cooperación entre las socias y sus cooperadores en la búsqueda de poder suplir aquellas necesidades sociales que el Estado no les proporcionaba. Durante el siglo XX vemos el surgimiento de una Seguridad social estatal, pero que tendrá deficiencias en su funcionamiento, dejando una problemática en relación a la cobertura social hasta la actualidad. Se presenta un estudio de caso sobre el mutualismo local y su método de supervivencia mediante la cooperación de sus integrantes bajo la Economía social solidaria.
Human β-defensin-1 activates autophagy in human colon cancer cells via regulation of long non-coding RNA TCONS_00014506
Authors: Eid Nabil , Davamani Fabian
Published: July 2024

Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a prosurvival mechanism for the clearance of damaged cellular components, specifically related to exposure to various stressors such as starvation, excessive ethanol intake, and chemotherapy. This editorial reviews and comments on an article by Zhao et al , to be published in World J Gastrointestinal Oncology in 2024. Based on various molecular biology methodologies, they found that human β-defensin-1 reduced the proliferation of colon cancer cells, which was associated with the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin, resulting in autophagy activation. The activation of autophagy is evidenced by increased levels of Beclin1 and LC3II/I proteins and mediated by the upregulation of long non-coding RNA TCONS_00014506. Our study discusses the impact of autophagy activation and mechanisms of autophagy, including autophagic flux, on cancer cells. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of describing the detailed methods for isolating long noncoding RNAs TCONS_00014506. Our review will benefit the scientific community and improve the overall clarity of the paper.
Causal effects of genetic birth weight and gestational age on adult esophageal diseases: Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ruan Lian-Cheng , Zhang Yang , Su Lang , Zhu Ling-Xiao , Wang Si-Lin , Guo Qiang , Wan Bin-Gen , Qiu Sheng-Yu , Hu Sheng , Wei Yi-Ping , Zheng Qiao-Ling
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Few studies have investigated the association between gestational age, birth weight, and esophageal cancer risk; however, causality remains debated. We aimed to establish causal links between genetic gestational age and birth weight traits and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett’s esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). Additionally, we explored if known risk factors mediate these links.

AIM

To analyze of the relationship between gestational age, birth weight and GERD, BE, and EA.

METHODS

Genetic data on gestational age and birth weight (n = 84689 and 143677) from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium and outcomes for GERD (n = 467253), BE (n = 56429), and EA (n = 21271) from genome-wide association study served as instrumental variables. Mendelian randomization (MR) and mediation analyses were conducted using MR-Egger, weighted median, and inverse variance weighted methods. Robustness was ensured through heterogeneity, pleiotropy tests, and sensitivity analyses.

RESULTS

Birth weight was negatively correlated with GERD and BE risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-0.8] and (OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.60-0.9), respectively, with no significant association with EA. No causal link was found between gestational age and outcomes. Birth weight was positively correlated with five risk factors: Educational attainment (OR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.01-1.31), body mass index (OR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.02-1.1), height (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.06-1.19), weight (OR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.10-1.1), and alcoholic drinks per week (OR = 1.03; 95%CI: 1.00-1.06). Mediation analysis showed educational attainment and height mediated the birth weight-BE link by 13.99% and 5.46%.

CONCLUSION

Our study supports the protective role of genetically predicted birth weight against GERD, BE, and EA, independent of gestational age and partially mediated by educational attainment and height.
Prognostic significance of exportin-5 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Hao , Li Fei , Wang Bo-Shen , Zhu Bao-Li
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. As liver cancer often presents no noticeable symptoms in its early stages, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, complicating treatment. Therefore, the identification of new biomarkers is crucial for the early detection and treatment of HCC. Research on exportin-5 (XPO5) could offer new avenues for early diagnosis and improve treatment strategies.

AIM

To explore the role of XPO5 in HCC progression and its potential as a prognostic biomarker.

METHODS

This study assessed XPO5 mRNA expression in HCC using The Cancer Genome Atlas, TIMER, and International Cancer Genome Consortium databases, correlating it with clinical profiles and disease progression. We performed in vitro experiments to examine the effect of XPO5 on liver cell growth. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and Gene Ontology were used to elucidate the biological roles and signaling pathways. We also evaluated XPO5’s impact on immune cell infiltration and validated its prognostic potential using machine learning.

RESULTS

XPO5 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues, correlating with tumor grade, T-stage, and overall survival, indicating poor prognosis. Enrichment analyses linked high XPO5 expression with tumor immunity, particularly CD4 T cell memory activation and macrophage M0 infiltration. Drug sensitivity tests identified potential therapeutic agents such as MG-132, paclitaxel, and WH-4-023. Overexpression of XPO5 in HCC cells, compared to normal liver cells, was confirmed by western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The lentiviral transduction-mediated knockdown of XPO5 significantly reduced cell proliferation and metastasis. Among the various machine learning algorithms, the C5.0 decision tree algorithm achieved accuracy rates of 95.5% in the training set and 92.0% in the validation set.

CONCLUSION

Our analysis shows that XPO5 expression is a reliable prognostic indicator for patients with HCC and is significantly associated with immune cell infiltration.
Immune effect and prognosis of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Guo Yuan , Li Ru-Chun , Xia Wei-Li , Yang Xiong , Zhu Wen-Bo , Li Fang-Ting , Hu Hong-Tao , Li Hai-Liang
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has shown broad prospects in prolonging the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TACE and TKIs can affect the immune microenvironment in patients with HCC.

AIM

To determine the overall effects and differences between TACE and different TKIs combinations on the immune microenvironment.

METHODS

Data and immune cell profile test results from 213 HCC patients treated with TACE combined with apatinib, lenvatinib, sorafenib, or donafenib before and after 3 wk of treatment were collected. Monocytes were co-cultured with LM3 liver cancer cells, and their ability to inhibit cancer cell growth was analyzed using the MTT method and a nude mouse subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiment. Simulated combined therapy was done using an in situ liver cancer C57BL/6 male mouse model, and the immune response of tumor tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

Compared to before combination therapy, the proportion of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)+ mononuclear cells and the number of CD4+ T cells decreased in the TACE + apatinib group, while the number of absolute count of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased in the TACE + lenvatinib group. Furthermore, the number of regulatory cells decreased in the TACE + donafenib group, whereas the number of CD8+ T and natural killer cells increased. Additionally, monocytes in the TACE combined with donafenib or lenvatinib groups had a stronger ability to inhibit cancer cell growth than those in the other groups. Combining TACE with donafenib or lenvatinib increased CD8+ T cell infiltration into the tumor tissue. In addition, the proportion of PD-1+ in CD8+ cells, absolute CD8+ T lymphocyte count, and regulatory T cells proportion were independent prognostic factors affecting the survival time of patients with HCC.

CONCLUSION

TACE, in combination with different TKIs, produces different immune responses. Specifically, TACE combined with donafenib or lenvatinib may induce strong anti-tumor immune responses.