bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Synthesis of cis‐Decalins by Merging the Birch Reduction and Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Si Xu‐Ge , Feng Shi‐Xiong , Wang Zhuo‐Yan , Chen Xiaoyu , Xu Meng‐Meng , Zhang Yu‐Zhen , He Jun‐Xiong , Yang Limin , Cai Quan
Published: June 2023

Herein, we show that the combination of the Birch reduction of readily available anisole derivatives and the catalytic asymmetric inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder reaction of 2‐pyrones can serve as a powerful platform for the diverse synthesis of synthetically important cis‐decalin scaffolds. Enabled by a well‐modified chiral bis(oxazoline) ligand/CuII complex, a wide range of polysubstituted cis‐decalin scaffolds with up to six contiguous stereocenters were generated efficiently. The synthetic potential of this method is demonstrated by the concise synthesis of the sesquiterpene (+)‐occidentalol and a key intermediate for seven triterpenes. Mechanistic studies suggest the 1,3‐cyclohexadienes formed in situ are the key intermediates, and efficient kinetic resolution occurs when C2‐ and/or C3‐substituted 1,4‐cyclohexadienes are utilized as substrates. DFT calculations elucidated that the Diels–Alder reaction proceeds in a stepwise fashion and revealed the origins of the stereoselectivities.
A sustainable route toward the synthesis of highly substituted imidazole and quinoxaline derivatives using CuO@g‐C3N4 as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Gajurel Sushmita , Sarkar Rajib , Sarkar Fillip Kumar , Kyndiah Lenida , Pal Amarta Kumar
Published: June 2023

This work demonstrates the preparation, characterization, and catalytic application of CuO@g‐C3N4 nanoparticles in synthesizing biologically and pharmaceutically important tetrasubstituted imidazole and quinoxaline derivatives. Highly substituted imidazoles of wide functionalities were synthesized in good yields (71%–85%) using EtOH as a solvent under refluxed conditions within 3–4 h. Similarly, a diverse range of quinoxaline derivatives were synthesized, which rendered moderate to good yield (65%–90%) of the products within 5–60 min in solvent‐free reaction conditions. The practical applicability of the developed protocol is shown by performing a gram‐scale reaction of quinoxaline. Furthermore, the reusability of the catalyst was studied up to the fifth consecutive cycle without much significant decrease in the activity of the catalyst. Additionally, the use of cheap metal and supported materials, shorter reaction time, high substrate scope, and easy recyclability of the catalyst are some of the salient features of the developed protocol.
Range of rotation of thoracolumbar vertebrae in Japanese macaques
Authors: Kinoshita Yuki , Hirasaki Eishi
Published: June 2023

In humans, the range of thoracic vertebral rotation is known to be greater than that of the lumbar vertebrae due to their zygapophyseal orientation and soft tissue structure. However, little is known regarding vertebral movements in non‐human primate species, which are primarily quadrupedal walkers. To understand the evolutionary background of human vertebral movements, this study estimated the range of axial rotation of the thoracolumbar spine in macaque monkeys. First, computed tomography (CT) was performed while passively rotating the trunk of whole‐body cadavers of Japanese macaques, after which the motion of each thoracolumbar vertebra was estimated. Second, to evaluate the influence of the shoulder girdle and surrounding soft tissues, specimens with only bones and ligaments were prepared, after which the rotation of each vertebra was estimated using an optical motion tracking system. In both conditions, the three‐dimensional coordinates of each vertebra were digitized, and the axial rotational angles between adjacent vertebrae were calculated. In the whole‐body condition, the lower thoracic vertebrae had a greater range of rotation than did the other regions, similar to that observed in humans. In addition, absolute values for the range of rotation were similar between humans and macaques. However, in the bone–ligament preparation condition, the upper thoracic vertebrae had a range of rotation similar to that of the lower thoracic vertebrae. Contrary to previous speculations, our results showed that the mechanical restrictions by the ribs were not as significant; rather, the shoulder girdle largely restricted the rotation of the upper thoracic vertebrae, at least, in macaques.
Quantitative determination of rhamnolipid using HPLC‐UV through carboxyl labeling
Authors: Zhou Jing , Miao Si‐Jia , Yang Shi‐Zhong , Liu Jin‐Feng , Gang Hong‐Ze , Mu Bo‐Zhong
Published: June 2023

Rhamnolipid, as a low‐toxic, biodegradable and environmentally friendly biosurfactant, has broad application prospects in many industries. However, the quantitative determination of rhamnolipid is still a challenging task. Here, a new sensitive method for the quantitative analysis of rhamnolipid based on a simple derivatization reaction was developed. In this study, 3‐[3′‐(l‐rhamnopyranosyloxy) decanoyloxy] decanoic acid (Rha‐C10‐C10) and 3‐[3′‐(2′‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyloxy) decanoyloxy] decanoic acid (Rha‐Rha‐C10‐C10) were utilized as the representative rhamnolipids. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultra violet results showed that these two compounds were successfully labeled with 1 N1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐1,2‐ethylenediamine. There was an excellent linear relationship between rhamnolipid concentration and peak area of labeled rhamnolipid. The detection limits of the Rha‐C10‐C10 and Rha‐Rha‐C10‐C10 were 0.018 mg/L (36 nmol/L) and 0.014 mg/L (22 nmol/L), respectively. The established amidation method was suitable for the accurate analysis of rhamnolipids in the biotechnological process. The method had good reproducibility with the relative standard deviation of 0.96% and 0.79%, respectively, and sufficient accuracy with a recovery of 96%–100%. This method was applied to quantitative analysis of 10 rhamnolipid homologs metabolized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LJ‐8. The single labeling method was used for the quantitative analysis of multiple components, which provided an effective method for the quality evaluation of other glycolipids with carboxyl groups.
Einfluss der Rippengeometrie auf den Verbund von Betonstahl aus Ringen
Authors: Fröse Johannes , Fischer Oliver
Published: June 2023

Betonstahl in Ringen weist gegenüber konventionellem Bewehrungsstabstahl eine veränderte Rippengeometrie mit breiten Rippen auf, um eine möglichst verschleißarme Weiterverarbeitung mit Biege‐ und Richtprozessen zu ermöglichen. Die Kombination aus kleinen Rippenabständen und breiten Rippen führt zu einer reduzierten Verbundtragfähigkeit, obwohl die Bewehrungsstäbe eine große bezogene Rippenfläche aufweisen. Anhand einer experimentellen Studie mit Ausziehversuchen wurde der Einfluss der Rippengeometrie auf die Verbundtragfähigkeit von Betonstahl aus Ringen untersucht. An Betonstahl aus Ringen wurde dabei eine viel geringere Verbundtragfähigkeit im Vergleich zu konventionellem Bewehrungsstabstahl ermittelt. Bei der Überprüfung anhand einer Versuchsdatenbank mit Übergreifungs‐ und Verankerungsversuchen aus der Literatur wurde ein deutlicher Einfluss der Rippenhöhe und des Rippenabstands auf die Verbundtragfähigkeit festgestellt. Große Kopfbreiten der Rippen führten ebenfalls zu einer reduzierten Verbundfestigkeit. Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Erkenntnissen war die versuchstechnisch ermittelte Verbundtragfähigkeit jedoch weitestgehend unabhängig vom Rechenwert der bezogenen Rippenfläche. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, dass andere Parameter und Indikatoren den Rechenwert der bezogenen Rippenfläche sinnvoll ergänzen würden, um die Verbundfestigkeit von Betonstahl aus Ringen genauer zu beschreiben.
Dual‐targeting multifunctional hyaluronic acid ligand‐capped gold nanorods with enhanced endo‐lysosomal escape ability for synergetic photodynamic–photothermal therapy of cancer
Authors: Xu Xin Jun , Li Yi , Hui Hao , Liu Chang Ling , Fu Yan , Yang Hong Yu
Published: June 2023

Au nanorods (AuNRs) have attracted considerable interest as drug delivery systems because of their enhanced cell internalization and stronger drug‐loading ability. In addition, the incorporation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) into one nanosystem presents great promise to defect multiple drawbacks in cancer therapy. Herein, we fabricated a multifunctional and dual‐targeting nanoplatform based on hyaluronic acid‐grafted‐(mPEG/triethylenetetramine‐conjugated‐lipoic acid/tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin/folic acid) polymer ligand capped AuNRs (AuNRs@HA‐g‐(mPEG/Teta‐co‐(LA/TCPP/FA)) for combined photodynamic–photothermal therapy of cancer. The prepared nanoparticles displayed high TCPP loading capacity and excellent stability in different biological media. Furthermore, AuNRs@HA‐g‐(mPEG/Teta‐co‐(LA/TCPP/FA)) not only could produce a localized hyperthermia to conduct PTT, but also generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) to perform PDT under laser irradiation. Confocal imaging results disclosed that this nanoparticle endowing the specific function of polymeric ligand could enhance cellular uptake, accelerate endo/lysosomal escape, as well as produce higher reactive oxygen species. Importantly, this combination therapy strategy could also induce higher anticancer potential than PDT or PTT only against MCF‐7 tumor cells in vitro. Therefore, this work presented an AuNRs‐based therapeutic nanoplatform with great potential in dual‐targeting and photo‐induced combination therapy of cancer.
Light controlled self‐escape capability of non‐cationic carbon nitride‐based nanosheets in lysosomes for hepatocellular carcinoma targeting stimulus‐responsive gene delivery
Authors: Liu Ming‐Xuan , Xu Li , Jiang Jia‐Yi , Dong Hai‐Chen , Zhu Peng‐Fei , Cao Lei , Chen Jing , Zhang Xiao‐Ling
Published: June 2023

High positive charge‐induced toxicity, easy lysosomal degradation of nucleic acid drugs, and poor lesion sites targeting are major problems faced in the development of gene carriers. Herein, we proposed the concept of self‐escape non‐cationic gene carriers for targeted delivery and treatment of photocontrolled hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with sufficient lysosome escape and multiple response capacities. Functional DNA was bound to the surface of biotin‐PEG2000‐modified graphitic carbon nitride (Bio‐PEG‐CN) nanosheets to form non‐cationic nanocomplexes Bio‐PEG‐CN/DNA. These nanocomposites could actively target HCC tissue. Once these nanocomplexes were taken up by tumor cells, the accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by Bio‐PEG‐CN under LED irradiation would disrupt the lysosome structure, thereby facilitating nanocomposites escape. Due to the acidic microenvironment and lipase in the HCC tissue, the reversible release of DNA could be promoted to complete the transfection process. Meanwhile, the fluorescence signal of Bio‐PEG‐CN could be monitored in real time by fluorescence imaging technology to investigate the transfection process and mechanism. In vitro and in vivo results further demonstrated that these nanocomplexes could remarkably upregulate the expression of tumor suppressor protein P53, increased tumor sensitivity to ROS generated by nanocarriers, and realized effective gene therapy for HCC via loading P53 gene.
An analysis of sustainable consumption practices through the role of the consumer behavior in the circular economy
Authors: Santos ‐Corrada María De Los M. , Méndez‐Tejeda Rafael , Flecha‐Ortiz Jose A. , Lopez Evelyn
Published: June 2023

Sustainable consumption analyses the choice of products to address environmental issues. In recent years, the circular economy model () has offered strategies as possible solutions to address the growing demand for action on climate justice. The success of a business model depends on understanding the consumer's role. The power of individual consumer actions is vital for minimizing the adverse impacts of climate change. Although the effectiveness of in the business sector has been studied, the literature has ignored the role of consumers in sustainable consumption practices through. Thus, using a survey technique, this quantitative study analyzed part of the theoretical model of Mostaghel and Chirumalla to analyze how awareness and consumer attitude significantly impact purchase intention and ethical purchasing behavior. The data analyzed through PLS‐SEM reflected several theoretical implications in the forms of consumer behavior, a topic that has not been addressed in the literature.
UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap HR‐MS‐Based Metabolomics for Profiling the Sida rhombifolia Metabolites with Different Plant Organs and Cultivation Ages
Authors: Silviani Dea , Zam Astari Safirah , Anggraini Septianingsih Dewi , Hudatul Karomah Alfi , Ilmiawati Auliya , Dyah Syafitri Utami , Tri Wahyuni Wulan , Siti Aminah Nanik , Insanu Muhamad , Rohman Abdul , Rafi Mohamad
Published: June 2023

Plant organs and cultivation ages can result in different compositions and concentration levels of plant metabolites. The metabolite profile of plants can be determined using liquid chromatography. This study determined the metabolite profiles of leaves, stems, and roots of Sida rhombifolia at different cultivation ages at 3, 4, and 5 months post‐planting (MPP) using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The results identified that 41 metabolites in S. rhombifolia extract for all plant organs and cultivation ages. We successfully identified approximately 36 (leaves), 22 (stems), and 18 (roots) compounds in all extract. Using principal component analysis (PCA) with peak area as the variable, we clustered all sample extracts based on plant organs and cultivation ages. As a result of PCA, S. rhombifolia extracts were grouped according to plant organs and cultivation ages. In conclusion, a clear difference in the composition and concentration levels of metabolites was observed in the leaves, stems, and roots of S. rhombifolia harvested at 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐MPP.
Dicavitary twin pregnancy in patient with bicornuate bicollis uterine anomaly
Authors: Karunaratne Mihiri , Melber Dora J. , Su H. Irene , Ramos Gladys A.
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Twin pregnancies in uterine didelphys and uterus bicornuate bicollis represent dicavitary twin pregnancies that can be managed using similar principles. Consideration must be given to delivery planning including mode of delivery and uterine incision.

Dicavitary twin pregnancies present unique challenges for obstetric management. This case demonstrates an approach to management of a bicornuate bicollis twin pregnancy and provides a contemporary review of the literature on dicavitary twin pregnancies.
Osteitis Condensans Illi – An overlooked cause of low back pain mimicking sacroiliitis
Authors: Bashyal Krishna , Dhungana Kamal , Yadav Deepesh , Poudel Dilli Ram , Ghimire Calvin , Balmuri Shravya
Published: June 2023

Osteitis Condensans Illi (OCI) is an underrecognized cause of low back pain involving iliac bones with relative sparing of sacroiliac joint. We present a case of 48‐year‐old female who was diagnosed as a case of OCI after having back symptoms for 4 years.
Detection of CSF1 gene derangement in ‘sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia’ of the parotid gland masquerading as Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Cheung Florence Man Fung , Chow Chit , Chan Jimmy Yu Wai
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

When faced with a slowly enlarging firm mass in the parotid gland accompanied by a histological picture of unusual sclerosis with abundant Langerhans cells and eosinophilic infiltrates, sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses. Further studies are warranted for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary gland with eosinophilia is a rare tumor mostly negative for the MAML2 rearrangement commonly seen in salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. It was not listed as an entity in the 2022 WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumors. We presented one case initially diagnosed as Langerhans cell histiocytosis and recurred as a frankly invasive carcinoma. Molecular studies showed CSF1 gene derangement and provided new understanding concerning the Langerhans cell and eosinophilic reaction. Further molecular studies on this entity would throw light on its oncogenesis and refine its nomenclature.
Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of arterial hypertension in China: A prospective cohort study
Authors: He Zhi , Jia Yanhui , Li Jianxin , Cao Jie , Liu Fangchao , Li Hongfan , Chen Jichun , Hu Dongsheng , Shen Chong , Zhao Yingxin , Liu Xiaoqing , Yu Ling , Huang Jianfeng , Lu Xiangfeng , Gu Dongfeng , Chen Shufeng
Published: June 2023

Background

Population‐based epidemiological evidence regarding the association between fruit and vegetable intake and the incidence of hypertension is inconsistent. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of new‐onset hypertension.

Methods

Based on the project of Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China‐PAR), 58,981 Chinese adults without hypertension at baseline were included. Information on fruit and vegetable intake was collected using a food‐frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident hypertension.

Results

During 640,795 person‐years of follow‐up, 21,008 new cases of hypertension were recorded. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile (Q1) of total fruit and vegetable (TFV) intake, the HRs (95% CIs) of incident hypertension were 0.90 (0.86–0.95), 0.85 (0.81–0.90), 0.82 (0.78–0.86), and 0.83 (0.78–0.88) for the Q2 to Q5 group (ptrend < 0.001), respectively. In further analyses categorizing participants according to the recommended intake level (500 g/day), we found that increasing the intake of TFV, even though it was still insufficient for the recommendation, also had a protective effect against the incident hypertension. When considering the intake of fruit or vegetable separately, we found similar trends as the TFV intake.

Conclusion

These results suggest that a higher intake of fruit and vegetable is beneficial for preventing hypertension in Chinese adults.
Can We Decarbonise Methanol Production by Direct Electrochemical CO2 Reduction?
Authors: Sheppard Alice , Del Angel Hernandez Veronica , Faul Charl F. J. , Fermin David J.
Published: June 2023

Methanol is one of the most important chemical feedstocks, with an increase in global demand of more than 20 million tonnes since 2017. The current production of methanol is primarily from fossil fuel derived synthetic gas (syngas), producing up to 2.97 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of methanol. The direct electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR), i. e. systems in which CO2 is reduced to methanol at the cathode coupled to the oxygen evolution at the anode, is one of the most attractive approaches for decarbonising methanol production, using renewable energy sources as the power source. In this review, we critically discuss the progress and challenges associated with eCO2RR to methanol, with the aim of addressing the question of whether this approach can provide a feasible route to the decarbonisation of this key chemical commodity.
Nms‐Amides: An Amine Protecting Group with Unique Stability and Selectivity
Authors: Spieß Philipp , Sirvent Ana , Tiefenbrunner Irmgard , Sargueil Jules , Fernandes Anthony J. , Arroyo‐Bondía Ana , Meyrelles Ricardo , Just David , Prado‐Roller Alexander , Shaaban Saad , Kaiser Daniel , Maulide Nuno
Published: June 2023

p‐Toluenesulfonyl (Tosyl) and nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Nosyl) are two of the most common sulfonyl protecting groups for amines in contemporary organic synthesis. While p‐toluenesulfonamides are known for their high stability/robustness, their use in multistep synthesis is plagued by difficult removal. Nitrobenzenesulfonamides, on the other hand, are easily cleaved but display limited stability to various reaction conditions. In an effort to resolve this predicament, we herein present a new sulfonamide protecting group, which we term Nms. Initially developed through in silico studies, Nms‐amides overcome these previous limitations and leave no room for compromise. We have investigated the incorporation, robustness and cleavability of this group and found it to be superior to traditional sulfonamide protecting groups in a broad range of case studies.
Dose oder Flasche – wie bleibt Bier länger frisch?
Authors: Fischer‐Henningsen Doris
Published: June 2023

Bier ist ein komplexes Stoffgemisch aus Wasser, Ethanol und einer Vielzahl von flüchtigen und nichtflüchtigen geschmacksaktiven Verbindungen. Während der Lagerung kommt es zu chemischen Reaktionen, bei denen einige Bestandteile abgebaut und andere neu gebildet werden. Mit dem chemischen Profil verändert sich auch der Geschmack eines Bieres, was zur Alterung und schließlich zum Verderb führen kann. Den Einfluss der Verpackung auf die Lagerstabilität hat kürzlich ein US‐amerikanisches Forscherteam untersucht.
Textural characteristics of activated carbons prepared from agricultural residues‐review
Authors: Bedane Alemayehu , Guo Tianxiang , Shirani Babak , Xiao Huining
Published: June 2023

Agricultural residues are the most available biomass resources in the world and can be exploited to produce various activated carbons at low cost. The textural properties of activated carbon, including surface area, pore size, pore size distribution, and certain surface functionalities are the main factors in the application of bio‐based electrode materials for energy storage devices and electrochemical catalyst for CO2 reduction reactions, gas adsorption and separation, in water and wastewater treatment. This paper reviews the physical characteristics of activated carbons produced from various biomass resources using different methods. The effects of different activation methods, sources of biomass, and other parameters on the surface properties such as specific surface area and pore volume of activated carbon are discussed. The differences in the characteristics of activated carbon made from different agricultural biomass resources under the same parameters are evaluated. Eventually, the application of abundant agricultural residues for fabricating supercapacitors' electrode materials is also discussed.
Usefulness of urinary potassium to creatinine ratio to predict diuretic response in patients with acute heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Llàcer Pau , Núñez Julio , Croset François , García Marina , Fabregate Martín , Ruiz Raúl , López Genoveva , Fernández Cristina , Del Hoyo Beatriz , Campos Jorge , Gomis Antonio , Manzano Luis
Published: June 2023

Background

Patients with acute heart failure (AHF) require intensification in the diuretic strategy. However, the optimal diuretic strategy remains unclear. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the role of urinary potassium to creatinine ratio (K/Cr) to predict diuretic and natriuretic response to thiazide or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) in a cohort of patients with AHF and preserved ejection fraction (AHF‐pEF).

Hypothesis

Patients with a high urinary K/Cr ratio will have a better diuretic and natriuretic response with spironolactone versus chlorthalidone.

Methods

This is a study of 44 patients with AHF‐pEF with suboptimal loop diuretic response. The primary endpoint was the baseline K/Cr associated with natriuretic and diuretic effect of chlorthalidone versus spironolactone at 24 and 72 h. Mixed linear regression models were used to analyze the endpoints. Estimates were reported as least squares mean with their respective 95% confidence interval (CIs).

Results

The median age of the study population was 85 years (82.5−88.5), and 30 (68.2%) were women. The inferential multivariate analysis suggested a greater natriuretic and diuretic effect of chlorthalidone across K/Cr levels. In the upper category, chlorthalidone translated into a statistically increase in natriuresis at 24 and 72 h. Chlorthalidone versus spironolactone showed ∆uNa of 25.7 mmol/L at 24 h (95% CI = −3.7 to 55.4, p = .098) and ∆uNa of 24.8 mmol/L at 72 h (95% CI = −4 to 53.6, p = .0106). The omnibus p value is .027. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant increase in 72 h cumulative diuresis irrespective of K/Cr status in those on chlorthalidone.

Conclusions

In patients with AHF‐pEF and suboptimal diuretic response, diuresis and natriuresis are higher with the administration of chlorthalidone over spironolactone. These data don't support the hypothesis that the K/Cr ratio can help guide the choice of thiazide diuretic versus MRA in AHF‐pEF patients on loop diuretic.
Aggregation‐Induced Enhanced Emission of a Dimethylacridan Substituted Pyrimidine Derivative
Authors: Massue Julien , Diarra Lacina , Georgoulis Ioannis , Fihey Arnaud , Robin‐le Guen Françoise , Ulrich Gilles , Fakis Mihalis , Achelle Sylvain
Published: June 2023

A pyrimidine chromophore bearing an acridan fragment was synthesized and its photophysical properties were studied. In solution, this compound is characterized by an important positive emission solvatochromism with a shift of 5800 cm−1 between nonpolar heptane and dichloromethane (DCM) associated with large Stokes shifts (up to 9100 cm−1 in DCM). Mono‐exponential fluorescence decays are observed in heptane whereas more complicated bi‐ or three‐exponential decays are observed in more polar solvents due to an interplay between locally excited and charge transfer excited state. Additionally, an aggregation‐induced enhanced emission process was demonstrated in THF/water mixtures. At low temperature (77 K), in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) thin film, the presence of an accessible triplet state (T1) was demonstrated, which was not observed in solution. Finally, we show that it is possible to protonate the chromophore in thin film leading to panchromatic dual emission
Merging Organocatalysis and Photocatalysis: A New Momentum in Covalent Radical Catalysis
Authors: Archer Gaétan , Song Kunlong , Médebielle Maurice , Merad Jérémy
Published: June 2023

The use of free radicals as organocatalysts constitutes a powerful strategy to activate and functionalize unsaturated carbon chains. Indeed, the unique affinity of open‐shell species for alkenes and alkynes can be rerouted to achieve the catalytic covalent activation of the substrate and control a subsequent radical cascade. However, the field of covalent radical catalysis has remained challenging for decades due to important issues in terms of catalyst handling, reaction design and viability. Recently, these pitfalls have been addressed one by one by the use of photocatalysis to control the generation and the reactivity of radical catalysts. This Concept article aims to highlight recent achievements in the field of photocatalyzed covalent radical catalysis and the perspectives offered by such catalytic combinations. The reaction mechanisms and the interconnection between the catalytic cycles are reviewed with the hope of demonstrating the synthetic potential of this approach and foster a rapid growth of this nascent topic.
Carotenoid biosynthesis in durian pulp
Authors: Ketsa Saichol , Warrington Ian J.
Published: June 2023

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) is an important economic crop in Southeast Asian countries. Analysis of the composition of durian pulp indicates that it has high nutraceutical value that is related to the presence of bioactive antioxidant compounds, with carotenoids being one of the important constituents. The major carotenoids are β‐ and α‐carotene, with the minor carotenoids being lutein and zeaxanthin. Carotenoid biosynthesis in durian pulp involves the coordinated expression of many genes with at least nine genes encoding enzymes having been identified. Carotenoid accumulation increases as fruit maturity advances and is highest in ripe fruit. The concentration of carotenoids in ripe durian pulp varies among cultivars. Ripening‐induced carotenoid accumulation is regulated by endogenous ethylene that controls the expression of key genes.
Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: Does country sustainability matter?
Authors: Vargas‐Santander Karen Gloria , Álvarez‐Diez Susana , Baixauli‐Soler Samuel , Belda‐Ruiz María
Published: June 2023

Drawing on stakeholder and institutional theoretical frameworks, this study aims to examine how corporate social performance (CSP) impacts corporate financial performance (CFP) and the moderating role of country sustainability and its environmental (ENV), social (SOC) and governance (GOV) dimensions. Using a broad international sample with firms from 47 countries―and through multilevel and panel data analysis―results show a positive and significant influence of CSP on CFP, while country sustainability negatively moderates the CSP–CFP relationship. This is consistent with the idea that in countries with a high level of sustainability, firms have greater difficulty obtaining competitive advantages through actions related to corporate social responsibility. Results also indicate that country sustainability has a direct and positive impact on CFP (Tobin's‐Q), regardless of CSP. Additionally, applying country sustainability in a disaggregated manner, we find that social and governance dimensions influence the CSP–CFP relationship, while the environmental dimension does not. Evidence thus confirms that the effect of CSP on CFP varies depending on the institutional context in which the firm is located.
A novel low‐complexity model predictive control for Vienna rectifier
Authors: Sun Zhang , Jin Weidong , Wu Fan , Han Qi , Guan Kun , Ren Junxiao
Published: June 2023

A Vienna rectifier is a kind of three‐phase converter with complex operation constraints. Traditional control methods suffer from poor dynamic responses and total harmonic distortion (THD), particularly when operating with adjustable wide‐range power. A novel low‐complexity model predictive control (LC‐MPC) algorithm is proposed based on the optimal switching vector sequence in this paper. First, a model predictive optimization control (MPOC) method is designed to search for the voltage vector sequence and its acting time. Second, the equivalent transformation and coordinate mapping of MPOC are efficiently achieved through the derived correlation factors and lookup table. Supported by the correlation factors, the redundant objective function calculation and repetitive online optimization are eliminated. Meanwhile, the simplified optimal over‐modulation strategy is implemented. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm are verified by comparative experiments. The results show that the proposed LC‐MPC is beneficial in terms of the computation time, dynamic response, over‐modulation, and harmonic content reduction.
Relation of modifiable lifestyle and mood factors to cognitive concerns among participants and their study partners in the A4 screen data
Authors: Reynolds Gretchen , Buckley Rachel , Papp Kathryn , Schultz Stephanie A. , Rentz Dorene , Sperling Reisa , Amariglio Rebecca
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been associated with elevated amyloid levels and increased risk of future cognitive decline, as well as modifiable variables, including depression, anxiety, and physical inactivity. Participants generally endorse greater and earlier concerns than their close family and friends (study partners [SPs]), which may reflect subtle changes at the earliest stages of disease among participants with underlying neurodegenerative processes. However, many individuals with subjective concerns are not at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, suggesting that additional factors, such as lifestyle habits, may be contributory.

Methods

We examined the relation between SCD, amyloid status, lifestyle habits (exercise, sleep), mood/anxiety, and demographic variables among 4481 cognitively unimpaired older adults who are being screened for a multi‐site secondary prevention trial (A4 screen data; mean ±SD: age = 71.3 ±4.7, education = 16.6 ±2.8, 59% women, 96% non‐Hispanic or Latino, 92% White].

Results

On the Cognitive Function Index (CFI) participants endorsed higher concerns compared to SPs. Participant concerns were associated with older age, positive amyloid status, worse mood/anxiety, lower education, and lower exercise, whereas SP concerns were associated with older participant age, male gender of participant, positive amyloid status of participant, and worse participant‐reported mood/anxiety.

Discussion

Findings suggest that modifiable/lifestyle factors (e.g., exercise, education) may be associated with participant concerns among cognitively unimpaired individuals and highlight the importance of further examining how modifiable factors impact participant‐ and SP‐reported concerns, which may inform trial recruitment and clinical interventions.
Large offspring have enhanced lifetime reproductive success: Long‐term carry‐over effects of weaning size in gray seals (Halichoerus grypus)
Authors: Badger Janelle J. , Bowen W. Don , den Heyer Cornelia E. , Breed Greg A.
Published: June 2023

An individual's size in early stages of life may be an important source of individual variation in lifetime reproductive performance, as size effects on ontogenetic development can have cascading physiological and behavioral consequences throughout life. Here, we explored how size‐at‐young influences subsequent reproductive performance in gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) using repeated encounter and reproductive data on a marked sample of 363 females that were measured for length after weaning, at ~4 weeks of age, and eventually recruited to the Sable Island breeding colony. Two reproductive traits were considered: provisioning performance (mass of weaned offspring), modeled using linear mixed effects models; and reproductive frequency (rate at which a female returns to breed), modeled using mixed effects multistate mark–recapture models. Mothers with the longest weaning lengths produced pups 8 kg heavier and were 20% more likely to breed in a given year than mothers with the shortest lengths. Correlation in body lengths between weaning and adult life stages, however, is weak: Longer pups do not grow to be longer than average adults. Thus, covariation between weaning length and future reproductive performance appears to be a carry‐over effect, where the size advantages afforded in early juvenile stages may allow enhanced long‐term performance in adulthood.
Asymmetric interactions between two butterfly species mediated by food demand
Authors: Hashimoto Koya , Ohgushi Takayuki
Published: June 2023

Recent studies on insect interactions on plants have revealed that herbivorous insects indirectly interact with each other through changes in plant traits following herbivory. However, less attention has been given to plant biomass relative to plant quality in relation to indirect interactions among herbivores. We explored the extent to which the larval food demand of two specialist butterflies (Sericinus montelaandAtrophaneura alcinous) explains their interaction on a host plant,Aristolochia debilis. A laboratory experiment showed that plant mass consumption byA. alcinouslarvae was 2.6 times greater than that byS. montela. We predicted thatA. alcinous, which requires more food, is more vulnerable to food shortages thanS. montela. In a cage experiment, an asymmetric interspecific interaction was detected between the two specialist butterflies;S. montelalarval density significantly decreased the survival and prolonged the development time ofA. alcinous, butA. alcinousdensity affected neither the survival nor the development time ofS. montela. The prediction based on the food requirement was partly supported by the fact that increasingA. alcinousdensity likely caused a food shortage, which more negatively affectedA. alcinoussurvival thanS. montelasurvival. Conversely, increasing the density ofS. monteladid not reduce the remaining food quantity, suggesting that the negative effect ofS. monteladensity onA. alcinouswas unlikely to be due to food shortage. Although aristolochic acid I, a defensive chemical specific toAristolochiaplants, did not influence the food consumption or growth of either butterfly larva, unmeasured attributes of plant quality may have mediated an indirect interaction between the two butterflies. Consequently, our study suggests that not only the quality but also the quantity of plants should be considered to fully understand the characteristics, such as symmetry, of interspecific interactions among herbivorous insects on the same host plant.
Potential variables forcing litterfall in a lower montane evergreen forest using Granger and superposed epoch analyses
Authors: Marod Dokrak , Andriyas Tushar , Leksungnoen Nisa , Kjelgren Roger , Thinkamphaeng Sathid , Chansri Piyawat , Asanok Lamthai , Hermhuk Sutheera , Kachina Panida , Thongsawi Jakkaphong , Phumphuang Wongsatorn , Uthairatsamee Suwimon , Racharak Phruet , Kaewgrajang Tharnrat
Published: June 2023

The interplay between long‐term environmental variability and litterfall is complex and through this study, we quantified the response of peak leaf, flower, and fruit litterfall production to such variability in a lower montane evergreen forest located in Doi Suthep‐Pui National Park, Thailand. We observed seasonality in litterfall accumulation with peak leaf and flower litterfalls occurring mostly during the cool and hot dry seasons, while fruit litterfall occurs mostly during the wet season. Probable associations with environmental drivers (barometric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, number of sunlight hours, evaporation, wind speed, and vapor pressure deficit) were tested on a 5‐year litter trap dataset using superposed epoch analysis and Granger causality tests. The tests indicated that significant deviations in barometric pressure, maximum temperature, maximum relative humidity, and wind speed were the most plausible precursors to peak litter production of all components. Additionally, we observed a lag in peak litterfall production relative to climate variability by up to 4 months for most of the climate variables. Changing environmental conditions can affect both the timing and amount of litterfall production, which in turn can alter the nutrient recycling rate and other essential ecosystem services of such forests.
Assessing the degradation of environmental DNA and RNA based on genomic origin in a metabarcoding context
Authors: Kagzi Kaushar , Millette Katie L. , Littlefair Joanne E. , Pochon Xavier , Wood Susanna A. , Fussmann Gregor F. , Cristescu Melania E.
Published: June 2023

Molecular tools of species identification based on eNAs (environmental nucleic acids; environmental DNA [eDNA] and environmental RNA [eRNA]) have the potential to greatly transform biodiversity science. However, the ability of eNAs to obtain “real‐time” biodiversity estimates may be complicated by the differential persistence and degradation dynamics of the molecular template (eDNA or eRNA) and the barcode marker used. Here, we collected water samples over a 28‐day period to comparatively assess species detection using eDNA and eRNA metabarcoding of two distinct barcode markers—a mitochondrial mRNA marker (COI) and a nuclear rRNA marker (18S)—following complete removal of Arthropoda taxa in a semi‐natural freshwater system. Our findings demonstrate that Arthropoda community composition was largely influenced by marker choice, rather than molecular template, individual microcosm, or sampling time point. Furthermore, although eRNA may capture similar species diversity as the established eDNA method, this finding may be marker‐dependent. Although we found little to no difference in decay rates observed among sample groups (COI eDNA, COI eRNA, 18S eDNA, 18S eRNA), this result is likely due to limitations in the ability of eNA‐based metabarcoding to provide a strong correlation between true eNA copy numbers present in the environment and final read counts obtained (following the metabarcoding workflow). Collectively, our findings provide further support for the use of multi‐marker assessments in metabarcoding surveys to unravel the broadest taxonomic diversity possible, highlight the limitations of eNA metabarcoding methods in providing accurate decay rate estimates, as well as establish the need for further comparative studies using both metabarcoding and single‐species detection methods to assess the persistence and degradation dynamics of eNAs for a diverse range of taxa.
Ubiquitin‐specific protease 11‐mediated CD36 deubiquitination acts on C1q/TNF‐related protein 9 against atherosclerosis
Authors: Zeng Min , Wei Xin , He Yangli , Yang Yali
Published: June 2023

Aims

Atherosclerosis is a huge threaten to the human health, C1q/TNF‐related protein 9 (CTRP9) has been previously reported possessing vascular protective functions. Our study is aimed to reveal the mechanism of the regulative effects of CTRP9 on the foam cell formation.

Methods and results

Primary human macrophages were isolated from human monocytes donated by healthy volunteers. CCK‐8 assay was performed for determining the cell viability. Oil Red O staining was employed for measuring the lipid accumulation. Cholesterol ester and cholesterol concentration were detected by commercial kits for evaluating the intracellular cholesterol. Ubiquitination assay was performed to reveal the ubiquitination level of CD36, cycloheximide assay was applied for determining the half‐life of CD36 protein. Quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot assays were performed for detecting the mRNA and protein expression. Pre‐treatment with CTRP9 in primary human macrophages markedly suppressed the cholesterol accumulation concentration after oxidized low‐density lipoprotein treatment. CD36 was significantly increased after oxidized low‐density lipoprotein exposure while was reduced by CTRP9 treatment. Up‐regulation of CD36 significantly reversed the CTRP9‐mediated protective effects in foam cells. The differential expression levels of several deubiquitinating enzymes preliminarily indicated that USP11 was obviously decreased after CTRP9 treatment. USP11 knockdown decreased the CD36 protein expression and pre‐treatment with 10 μg/mL MG132 significantly maintained the CD36 level from USP11 knock down. Up‐regulation of CD36 reversed the alterations on the cholesterol metabolism caused by CTRP9 or USP11 knockdown.

Conclusions

CTRP9 regulates the USP11/CD36 axis to protect the macrophages form transforming into foam cells by suppressing intracellular lipid and cholesterol accumulation, which is a potential therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis.
Synthesis of Heterocycles from 2‐Acylbenzoic Acids
Authors: Liu Yu‐Feng , Li Cui , Yang Guo‐Ping
Published: June 2023

Heterocyclics are the crucial scaffolds present in pharmaceuticals, natural products, biologically active compounds and agrochemicals. Consequently, the development of simple and practical methods for constructing heterocyclics has always been a fascinating field in organic synthesis. Recently, 2‐acylbenzoic acids, highly reactive and versatile synthons, have been broadly applied in the construction of heterocycles due to their multiple reaction sites. In this review, we summarized recent progress in the application of 2‐acylbenzoic acids for the synthesis of heterocycles including phthalides, isochromanones, isoindolines, phthalazinones, and quinolones. The substrate scopes, proposed mechanisms, and product application of different types of reactions are discussed.
Effect of Ca on Perovskite La1−xCaxNiO3 Catalyst for CO2 Hydrogenation‐to‐Light Hydrocarbons in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Reactor
Authors: Wang Tingting , Su Meng , Wang Qiang , Li Zhenhua
Published: June 2023

Herein, the effects of the incorporation amount of Ca on the formation of C2–C4 in the hydrogenation of CO2‐to‐light hydrocarbons are studied in a hybrid dielectric barrier discharge–perovskite catalysis system. A series of La1−xCaxNiO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) catalysts are prepared by a modified nitrate citric acid method. The catalysts are characterized by Brunauer−Emmett−Teller, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction, CO2‐temperature‐programmed desorption, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results shows that NiO is dissolved on the catalyst surface after calcination, while NiO size increases with the rise of Ca amount. Meanwhile, different degrees of crystal defects are formed in La1−xCaxNiO3, leading to change of specific surface area, adsorbed oxygen amount, weak basic sites, and reductibility of NiO. The results show that the hydrogenation performance of LaNiO3 perovskite catalysts is enhanced by doping Ca cation in the A site, while the La0.7–Ca0.3–Ni catalyst exhibits the optimum performance and achieves CO2 conversion as high as 83.1% with selectivity of C2–C4 as 11.8%. The characterization results show that the perovskite La0.7–Ca0.3–Ni catalyst has lattice defects in the structure, high proportion of adsorbed oxygen, and more weak basic sites, thus promoting the adsorption and activation of CO2 and then resulting in a higher CO2 conversion.
Is there a semi-molten layer at the base of the lunar mantle?
Authors: Walterová Michaela , Behounkova Marie , Efroimsky Michael
Published: June 2023

Parameterised by the Love number k2 and the tidal quality factor Q, and
inferred from lunar laser ranging (LLR), tidal dissipation in the Moon
follows an unexpected frequency dependence often interpreted as evidence
for a highly dissipative, melt-bearing layer encompassing the
core-mantle boundary. Within this, more or less standard interpretation,
the basal layer’s viscosity is required to be of order 10^15 to
10^16 Pa.s and its outer radius is predicted to extend to the zone of
deep moonquakes. While the reconciliation of those predictions with the
mechanical properties of rocks might be challenging, alternative lunar
interior models without the basal layer are said to be unable to fit the
frequency dependence of tidal Q. The purpose of our paper is to
illustrate under what conditions the frequency-dependence of lunar tidal
Q can be interpreted without the need for deep-seated partial melt.
Devising a simplified lunar model, in which the mantle is described by
the Sundberg-Cooper rheology, we predict the relaxation strength and
characteristic timescale of elastically-accommodated grain boundary
sliding in the mantle that would give rise to the desired frequency
dependence. Along with developing this alternative model, we test the
traditional model with basal partial melt; and we show that the two
models cannot be distinguished from each other by the available
selenodetic measurements. Additional insight into the nature of lunar
tidal dissipation can be gained either by measurements of higher-degree
Love numbers and quality factors or by farside lunar seismology.