bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex‐specific negative affect‐like behaviour and parabrachial nucleus activation induced by BNST stimulation in adult mice with adolescent alcohol history
Authors: Albrechet‐Souza Lucas , Kasten Chelsea R. , Bertagna Natalia B. , Wills Tiffany A.
Published: January 2024

Adolescent alcohol use is a strong predictor for the subsequent development of alcohol use disorders later in life. Additionally, adolescence is a critical period for the onset of affective disorders, which can contribute to problematic drinking behaviours and relapse, particularly in females. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that exposure to adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) vapour alters glutamatergic transmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and, when combined with adult stress, elicits sex‐specific changes in glutamatergic plasticity and negative affect‐like behaviours in mice. Building on these findings, the current work investigated whether BNST stimulation could substitute for stress exposure to increase the latency to consume a palatable food in a novel context (hyponeophagia) and promote social avoidance in adult mice with AIE history. Given the dense connections between the BNST and the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), a region involved in mediating threat assessment and feeding behaviours, we hypothesized that increased negative affect‐like behaviours would be associated with PBN activation. Our results revealed that the chemogenetic stimulation of the dorsolateral BNST induced hyponeophagia in females with AIE history, but not in female controls or males of either group. Social interaction remained unaffected in both sexes. Notably, this behavioural phenotype was associated with higher activation of calcitonin gene‐related peptide and dynorphin cells in the PBN. These findings provide new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the development of negative affect in females and highlight the potential involvement of the BNST‐PBN circuitry in regulating emotional responses to alcohol‐related stimuli.
Nitric oxide, endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor, and smooth muscle‐dependent mechanisms contribute to magnesium‐dependent vascular relaxation in mouse arteries
Authors: Kudryavtseva Olga , Lyngsø Kristina S. , Jensen Boye L. , Dimke Henrik
Published: January 2024

Aim

Magnesium (Mg2+) is a vasorelaxant. The underlying physiological mechanisms driving this vasorelaxation remain unclear. Studies were designed to test the hypothesis that multiple signaling pathways including nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in endothelial cells as well as Ca2+ antagonization and TRPM7 channels in vascular smooth muscle cells mediate Mg2+‐dependent vessel relaxation.

Methods

To uncover these mechanisms, force development was measured ex vivo in aorta rings from mice using isometric wire myography. Concentration responses to Mg2+ were studied in intact and endothelium‐denuded aortas. Key findings were confirmed in second‐order mesenteric resistance arteries perfused ex vivo using pressure myography. Effects of Mg2+ on NO formation were measured in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, isolated mesenteric vessels, and mouse urine.

Results

Mg2+ caused a significant concentration‐dependent relaxation of aorta rings. This relaxation was attenuated significantly in endothelium‐denuded aortas. The endothelium‐dependent portion was inhibited by NO and cGMP blockade but not by cyclooxygenase inhibition. Mg2+ stimulated local NO formation in CHO cells and isolated mesenteric vessels without changing urinary NOx levels. High extracellular Mg2+ augmented acetylcholine‐induced relaxation. SKCa and IKCa channel blockers apamin and TRAM34 inhibited Mg2+‐dependent relaxation. The endothelium‐independent relaxation in aorta rings was inhibited by high extracellular Ca2+. Combined blockade of NO, SKCa, and IKCa channels significantly reduced Mg2+‐dependent dilatation in mesenteric resistance vessels.

Conclusions

In mouse conductance and resistance arteries Mg2+‐induced relaxation is contributed by endothelial NO formation, EDHF pathways, antagonism of Ca2+ in smooth muscle cells, and additional unidentified mechanisms.
Relationships between resumé cues and applicants' personality
Authors: Härtel Tobias M. , Breil Simon M. , Grunenberg Eric , Back Mitja D.
Published: January 2024

Human resource (HR) professionals regularly draw personality inferences from applicants' resumés. Building on the lens model, we illuminate resumés' potential for accurately inferring personality by examining valid resumé cues indicating personality. We assessed self‐reported big five traits and narcissism of 141 business students at career start applying with resumés for a fictional position. Drawing on personality theory and empirical findings, 70 resumé cues (e.g., appealing look and creative hobbies) were post hoc selected from a larger cue set comprising 160 cues coded by 11 trained coders. Computing bivariate correlations and multiple linear regressions, we identified easy‐to‐interpret valid resumé cues explaining substantial personality variance, with conscientiousness, openness, and narcissism being best explained by resumé cues (R2 > 20%). Although all considered personality traits were expressed in resumé cues, only a fraction of the cues (16 out of 70 cues) were related to personality traits. This suggests a rather mediocre upper limit to the potential of accurately inferring personality from resumés. We contribute to the literature on personality inferences at zero‐acquaintance by adding valid resumé cues to recruitment‐related information bases allowing to make (somewhat) accurate personality inferences. The results have practical implications for applying resumé‐based personality inferences in recruitment and improving HR professionals' accuracy.
Valproate‐induced hyperammonemia, neuroleptic sensitivity, and cerebellar atrophy—A clinical conundrum in the management of bipolar disorder
Authors: Shetty Samarth S. , AnnajiGowda Harshitha H. , Dahale Ajit Bhalchandra
Published: January 2024

Objective

Treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) involves complexities especially when patients come with significant sensitivity to various psychotropic medications and comorbidities. The following cases aim to recapitulate and discuss some of such situations.

Cases

Case 1: A 36‐year‐old man with intellectual development disorder and BD experienced catatonia, seizures, and hyperammonemia following valproate administration. Treatment involved electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and a tailored medication regimen, ultimately leading to stability.

Case 2: A 63‐year‐old man with long‐standing BD exhibited resistance to lithium and valproate of late, having co‐existing essential tremors and cerebellar atrophy. Multiple medication trials led to side effects, requiring ECT for symptom improvement, followed by a carefully adjusted maintenance regimen.

Conclusion

Medication side effects can pose major challenges in treatment of BD. Comprehensive evaluation and monitoring are essential. ECT can prove valuable in such cases. There is pressing need to develop more safer treatment alternatives, especially considering the progressively ageing society.
A shared lens around sensemaking in learning analytics: What activity theory, definition of a situation and affordances can offer
Authors: Poquet Oleksandra
Published: January 2024

The paper argues that learning analytics as a research field can benefit from a theory‐informed shared language to describe sensemaking of learning and teaching data. To make the case for such shared language, first, I critically review prominent sensemaking theories to then demonstrate how studies in learning analytics do not use coherent descriptions of sensemaking, eclectically combining the paradigms that have underlying differences. I then propose a conceptualization of sensemaking that overcomes the differences between these theories and explains how the concepts of activity system, the definition of the situation and affordances can be used to capture individual differences in sensemaking. The paper concludes with a preliminary framework and examples demonstrating its utility in raising new theoretical questions, informing design principles and providing shared language for researchers in learning analytics.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Sensemaking happens when individuals try to explain unknown situations.

Learning analytics uses sensemaking as a lens to understand dashboard use.

Systematic analysis of sensemaking is essential for learning analytics.

What this paper adds

The paper notes that noticing and perceiving are commonly examined in learning analytics on dashboard use.

The paper suggests a revision of fundamental assumptions in sensemaking.

A paper proposes a toy model of sensemaking that includes operationalization of the definition of the situation, activity where sensemaking happens and processes of noticing and perceiving affordances.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Learning analytics must examine sensemaking of data about teaching and learning in a systematic manner.

Internal perceptions of the social environment and activity that are informed by the data need to be considered in evaluating dashboard use.
Longitudinal motor system changes from acute to chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Emmenegger Tim M. , Pfyffer Dario , Curt Armin , Schading‐Sassenhausen Simon , Hupp Markus , Ashburner John , Friston Karl , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Thompson Alan , Freund Patrick
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose

In acute spinal cord injury (SCI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals tissue bridges and neurodegeneration for 2 years. This 5‐year study aims to track initial lesion changes, subsequent neurodegeneration, and their impact on recovery.

Methods

This prospective longitudinal study enrolled acute SCI patients and healthy controls who were assessed clinically—and by MRI—regularly from 3 days postinjury up to 60 months. We employed histologically cross‐validated quantitative MRI sequences sensitive to volume, myelin, and iron changes, thereby reflecting indirectly processes of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. General linear models tracked lesion and remote changes in volume, myelin‐ and iron‐sensitive magnetic resonance indices over 5 years. Associations between lesion, degeneration, and recovery (using the Spinal Cord Independence Measure [SCIM] questionnaire and the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury total motor score) were assessed.

Results

Patients' motor scores improved by an average of 12.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.70–19.00) points, and SCIM by 26.08 (95% CI = 17.00–35.20) points. Within 3–28 days post‐SCI, lesion size decreased by more than two‐thirds (3 days: 302.52 ± 185.80 mm2, 28 days: 76.77 ± 88.62 mm2), revealing tissue bridges. Cervical cord and corticospinal tract volumes transiently increased in SCI patients by 5% and 3%, respectively, accompanied by cervical myelin decreases and iron increases. Over time, progressive atrophy was observed in both regions, which was linked to early lesion dynamics. Tissue bridges, reduced swelling, and myelin content decreases were predictive of long‐term motor score recovery and improved SCIM score.

Conclusions

Studying acute changes and their impact on longer follow‐up provides insights into SCI trajectory, highlighting the importance of acute intervention while indicating the potential to influence outcomes in the later stages.
Should cervical radiographs be included in a pre‐purchase examination?
Authors: Dash Rupert F. , Morgan Rhiannon E.
Published: January 2024

Cervical radiographs are more frequently being acquired or requested as part of a pre‐purchase examination (PPE). Evaluating radiographs allows for detection of diseases which may prejudice the horse's suitability for its intended purpose. A thorough clinical examination is the most important element of a PPE and limits the list of possible radiographic findings to those that can be subclinical. Radiographic findings such as morphological variations of the vertebrae, osteoarthritis and osteochondral fragmentation are often present in asymptomatic horses. Furthermore, current evidence suggests that most findings present on cervical radiographs acquired at PPE are of unknown or low significance in a clinically normal horse. There is also minimal evidence of the progression of subclinical cervical radiographic abnormalities and their future impact on performance. Due to the high level of superimposition that is inherent to cervical radiographs, the reliability of interpretation of these findings is often variable. Additionally, PPE radiographs are often acquired in the ambulatory setting and the limitations of the equipment and environment can compromise their diagnostic value. Therefore, at this time, there is little evidence to support the acquisition of cervical radiographs as part of a PPE.
The optimized priming effect of FGF‐1 and FGF‐2 enhances preadipocyte lineage commitment in human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tarapongpun Tanakorn , Onlamoon Nattawat , Tabu Kouichi , Chuthapisith Suebwong , Taga Tetsuya
Published: January 2024

The cell‐assisted lipotransfer technique, integrating adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), has transformed lipofilling, enhancing fat graft viability. However, the multipotent nature of ADMSCs poses challenges. To improve safety and graft vitality and to reduce unwanted lineage differentiation, this study refines the methodology by priming ADMSCs into preadipocytes—unipotent, self‐renewing cells. We explored the impact of fibroblast growth factor‐1 (FGF‐1), fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), either alone or in combination, on primary human ADMSCs during the proliferative phase. FGF‐2 emerged as a robust stimulator of cell proliferation, preserving stemness markers, especially when combined with EGF. Conversely, FGF‐1, while not significantly affecting cell growth, influenced cell morphology, transitioning cells to a rounded shape with reduced CD34 expression. Furthermore, co‐priming with FGF‐1 and FGF‐2 enhanced adipogenic potential, limiting osteogenic and chondrogenic tendencies, and possibly promoting preadipocyte commitment. These preadipocytes exhibited unique features: rounded morphology, reduced CD34, decreased preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref‐1), and elevated C/EBPα and PPARγ, alongside sustained stemness markers (CD73, CD90, CD105). Mechanistically, FGF‐1 and FGF‐2 activated key adipogenic transcription factors—C/EBPα and PPARγ—while inhibiting GATA3 and Notch3, which are adipogenesis inhibitors. These findings hold the potential to advance innovative strategies for ADMSC‐mediated lipofilling procedures.
Novel prognostic nomogram for predicting recurrence‐free survival in medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Aksoy Yagiz A , Xu Bin , Viswanathan Kartik , Ahadi Mahsa S , Al Ghuzlan Abir , Alzumaili Bayan , Bani Mohamed‐Amine , Barletta Justine A , Chau Nicole , Chou Angela , Clarkson Adele , Clifton‐Bligh Roderick J , De Leo Antonio , Dogan Snjezana , Ganly Ian , Ghossein Ronald , Gild Matti L , Glover Anthony R , Hadoux Julien , Lamartina Livia , Lubin Daniel J , Magliocca Kelly , Najdawi Fedaa , Nigam Aradhya , Papachristos Alex , Repaci Andrea , Robinson Bruce G , Sheen Amy , Shi Qiuying , Sidhu Stan B , Sioson Loretta , Solaroli Erica , Sywak Mark S , Tallini Giovanni , Tsang Venessa , Turchini John , Untch Brian R , Gill Anthony J , Fuchs Talia L
Published: January 2024

Aims

Recently, there have been attempts to improve prognostication and therefore better guide treatment for patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). In 2022, the International MTC Grading System (IMTCGS) was developed and validated using a multi‐institutional cohort of 327 patients. The aim of the current study was to build upon the findings of the IMTCGS to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram to predict recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in MTC.

Methods and Results

Data from 300 patients with MTC from five centres across the USA, Europe, and Australia were used to develop a prognostic nomogram that included the following variables: age, sex, AJCC stage, tumour size, mitotic count, necrosis, Ki67 index, lymphovascular invasion, microscopic extrathyroidal extension, and margin status. A process of 10‐fold cross‐validation was used to optimize the model's performance. To assess discrimination and calibration, the area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, concordance‐index (C‐index), and dissimilarity index (D‐index) were calculated. Finally, the model was externally validated using a separate cohort of 87 MTC patients. The model demonstrated very strong performance, with an AUC of 0.94, a C‐index of 0.876, and a D‐index of 19.06. When applied to the external validation cohort, the model had an AUC of 0.9.

Conclusions

Using well‐established clinicopathological prognostic variables, we developed and externally validated a robust multivariate prediction model for RFS in patients with resected MTC. The model demonstrates excellent predictive capability and may help guide decisions on patient management. The nomogram is freely available online at https://nomograms.shinyapps.io/MTC_ML_DFS/.
Increase in venous thromboembolism in SARS‐CoV‐2 infected lung tissue: proteome analysis of lung parenchyma, isolated endothelium, and thrombi
Authors: Lopuhaä Boaz V , Guzel Coşkun , van der Lee Anabel , van den Bosch Thierry P P , van Kemenade Folkert J , Huisman Menno V , Kruip Marieke J H A , Luider Theo M , von der Thüsen Jan H
Published: January 2024

Aims

COVID‐19 pneumonia is characterized by an increased rate of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. To better understand the pathophysiology behind thrombosis in COVID‐19, we performed proteomics analysis on SARS‐CoV‐2 infected lung tissue.

Methods

Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was performed on SARS‐CoV‐2 infected postmortem lung tissue samples. Five protein profiling analyses were performed: whole slide lung parenchyma analysis, followed by analysis of isolated thrombi and endothelium, both stratified by disease (COVID‐19 versus influenza) and thrombus morphology (embolism versus in situ). Influenza autopsy cases with pulmonary thrombi were used as controls.

Results

Compared to influenza controls, both analyses of COVID‐19 whole‐tissue and isolated endothelium showed upregulation of proteins and pathways related to liver metabolism including urea cycle activation, with arginase being among the top upregulated proteins in COVID‐19 lung tissue. Analysis of isolated COVID‐19 thrombi showed significant downregulation of pathways related to platelet activation compared to influenza thrombi. Analysis of isolated thrombi based on histomorphology shows that in situ thrombi have significant upregulation of coronavirus pathogenesis proteins.

Conclusions

The decrease in platelet activation pathways in severe COVID‐19 thrombi suggests a relative increase in venous thromboembolism, as thrombi from venous origin tend to contain fewer platelets than arterial thrombi. Based on histomorphology, in situ thrombi show upregulation of various proteins related to SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis compared to thromboemboli, which may indicate increased in situ pulmonary thrombosis in COVID‐19. Therefore, this study supports the increase of venous thromboembolism without undercutting the involvement of in situ thrombosis in severe COVID‐19.
Histological chorioamnionitis and pathological stages on very preterm infant outcomes
Authors: Duan Jiajia , Xu Falin , Zhu Chaoya , Wang Ju , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Yiran , Li Bingbing , Peng Xirui , Zhu Jinjin , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhu Changlian
Published: January 2024

Aims

Histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) is a condition linked to preterm birth and neonatal infection and its relationship with various pathological stages in extremely preterm neonates, and with their associated short‐ and long‐term consequences, remains a subject of research. This study investigated the connection between different pathological stages of HCA and both short‐term complications and long‐term outcomes in preterm infants born at or before 32 weeks of gestational age.

Methods

Preterm infants born at ≤ 32 weeks of gestation who underwent placental pathology evaluation and were followed‐up at 18–24 months of corrected age were included. Neonates were classified based on their exposure to HCA and were further subdivided into different groups according to maternal inflammatory responses (MIR) and fetal inflammatory responses (FIR) stages. We compared short‐term complications during their hospital stay between the HCA‐exposed and ‐unexposed groups and examined the influence of HCA stages on long‐term outcomes.

Results

The HCA group exhibited distinct characteristics such as higher rates of premature rupture of membranes > 18 h, reduced amniotic fluid, early‐onset sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) grades III–IV (P < 0.05). The moderate–severe HCA group displayed lower gestational age, lower birth weight and higher incidence of IVH (grades III–IV) and preterm sepsis compared with the mild HCA group (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, the MIR stages 2–3 group showed associations with cognitive impairment and cerebral palsy (P < 0.05), and the FIR stages 2–3 group also showed poor long‐term outcomes and cognitive impairment (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Moderate–severe HCA was associated with increased early‐onset sepsis, severe IVH and poor long‐term outcomes, including cognitive impairment and cerebral palsy. Vigilant prevention strategies are warranted for severe HCA cases in order to mitigate poorer clinical outcomes.
Utility of combining OLIG2 and SOX10 IHC expression in CNS tumours: promising biomarkers for subtyping paediatric‐ and adult‐type gliomas
Authors: Aboubakr Oumaima , Métais Alice , Maillard Julien , Hasty Lauren , Brigot Enola , Berthaud Charlotte , Lacombe Joelle , Pucelle Noémie , Raynal Jade , Appay Romain , Varlet Pascale , Tauziède‐Espariat Arnault
Published: January 2024

Aims

The SOX10 transcription factor is important for the maturation of oligodendrocytes involved in central nervous system (CNS) myelination. Currently, very little information exists about its expression and potential use in CNS tumour diagnoses. The aim of our study was to characterize the expression of SOX10 in a large cohort of CNS tumours and to evaluate its potential use as a biomarker.

Methods

We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for SOX10 and OLIG2 in a series of 683 cases of adult‐ and paediatric‐type CNS tumours from different subtypes. The nuclear immunostaining results for SOX10 and OLIG2 were scored as positive (≥10% positive tumour cells) or negative.

Results

OLIG2 and SOX10 were positive in diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), H3‐mutant, and EZHIP‐overexpressed. However, in all DMG, EGFR‐mutant, SOX10 was constantly negative. In diffuse paediatric‐type high‐grade gliomas (HGG), all RTK1 cases were positive for both OLIG2 and SOX10. RTK2 cases were all negative for both OLIG2 and SOX10. MYCN cases variably expressed OLIG2 and were all immunonegative for SOX10. In glioblastoma, IDH‐wildtype, OLIG2 was mostly positive, but SOX10 was variably expressed, depending on the epigenetic subtype. All circumscribed astrocytic gliomas were positive for both OLIG2 and SOX10 except pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, astroblastomas, MN1‐altered, and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. SOX10 was negative in ependymomas, meningiomas, pinealoblastomas, choroid plexus tumours, intracranial Ewing sarcomas, and embryonal tumours except neuroblastoma, FOXR2‐activated.

Conclusion

To conclude, SOX10 can be incorporated into the IHC panel routinely used by neuropathologists in the diagnostic algorithm of embryonal tumours and for the subtyping of paediatric and adult‐type HGG.
The effect of citric acid concentrations on the mechanical, thermal, and structural properties of starch edible films
Authors: Chi Yuan , Maitland Evita , Pascall Melvin A.
Published: January 2024

This study investigated the effects of citric acid on the properties of edible tapioca starch films plasticised with glycerol. These films were formed using 5% tapioca (w/w of water); 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% citric acid (w/w of starch); and 2.2% glycerol (w/w of water). Native starch films formed using 5% tapioca and 2.2% glycerol were used as the control. The properties tested included the degree of crosslinking, thermal stability, crystallinity and mechanical properties. These were evaluated using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile profile analysis (TPA). The FTIR results provided information about the nature of the crosslinking in the films, while TGA showed that increasing the citric acid concentration reduced the physical decomposition temperature of the materials. Films containing 9% citric acid had the highest degree of esterification and crosslinking, while those containing 7% citric acid had the lowest heat‐related weight loss that correlated with the degree of crosslinking. The weight loss among all six samples was the greatest in the temperature range 260 °C–350 °C where a total of 60% weight loss occurred. The XRD results showed that films containing 3% citric acid had the lowest crystallinity while the native starch films had the highest crystallinity. The TPA analyses showed that films containing 5% citric acid had the greatest influence on improving the tensile strength and elastic modulus, while also having the best impact on lowering the elongation. Tensile strength values recorded for films containing 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% citric acid were 5.327, 7.813, 8.688, 12.855, 14.549 and 11.614 MPa. Similarly, when citric acid concentration increased from 3% to 5%, the elastic modulus significantly increased from 831.058 to 2255.691 MPa. This study demonstrated that the physicochemical properties of tapioca starch‐based films could be modified by the incorporation of citric acid.
Identification of novel biomarkers of ferroptosis involved in keloid based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Yuan Tian , Meijia Li , Rong Cheng , Jian Yuan , Lijun Hao
Published: January 2024

Keloid is a fibroproliferative disease of unknown aetiology, which has a significant impact the quality of life of patients. Ferroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of fibrosis, but there is still a lack of research related to keloids. The objective of this work was to identify the hub genes related to ferroptosis in keloid to better understand the keloid process. The microarray data (GSE7890 GSE145725, and GSE44270) (23 keloid and 22 normal fibroblast) were analysed via the gene expression comprehensive database (GEO). Only GSE7890 met the FerrDB database. Cell cycle and pathway analysis were performed with gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed to differentially expressed genes (DEG). The differential genes were confirmed in other GEO datasets (GSE145725 and GSE44270), and multi‐fibrosis‐gene correlation analysed. To validate these hub genes, quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was conducted. A total of 581 DEGs were screened, with 417 genes down‐regulated and 164 genes up‐regulated, with 11 ferroptosis genes significantly up‐regulated in both keloid and normal tissue, and 6 genes are consistent with our findings and are associated with multiple fibrosis genes. The qRT‐PCR results and tissues of normal skin and keloid agreed with our predictions. Our findings provide new evidence for the ferroptosis‐related molecular pathways and biomarker of keloid.
Improving sexual health through medical education
Authors: Flores Renee J.
Published: January 2024

This editorial comments on the article by Burton et al. in this issue.
Delirium in long‐term care and the myth of Proteus
Authors: Bellelli Giuseppe , Ornago Alice M. , Cherubini Antonio
Published: January 2024

This editorial comments on the article by Webber et al. in this issue.
Perianth evolution and implications for generic delimitation in the eucalypts (Myrtaceae), including the description of the new genus, Blakella
Authors: Crisp Michael D. , Minh Bui Q. , Choi Bokyung , Edwards Robert D. , Hereward James , Kulheim Carsten , Lin Yen Po , Meusemann Karen , Thornhill Andrew H. , Toon Alicia , Cook Lyn G.
Published: January 2024

Eucalypts (Myrtaceae tribe Eucalypteae) are currently placed in seven genera. Traditionally, Eucalyptus was defined by its operculum, but when phylogenies placed Angophora, with free sepals and petals, as sister to the operculate bloodwood eucalypts, the latter were segregated into a new genus, Corymbia. Yet, generic delimitation in the tribe Eucalypteae remains uncertain. Here, we address these problems using phylogenetic analysis with the largest molecular data set to date. We captured 101 low‐copy nuclear exons from 392 samples representing 266 species. Our phylogenetic analysis used maximum likelihood (IQtree) and multispecies coalescent (Astral). At two nodes critical to generic delimitation, we tested alternative relationships among Arillastrum, Angophora, Eucalyptus, and Corymbia using Shimodaira's approximately unbiased test. Phylogenetic mapping was used to explore the evolution of perianth traits. Monophyly of Corymbia relative to Angophora was decisively rejected. All alternative relationships among the seven currently recognized Eucalypteae genera imply homoplasy in the evolutionary origins of the operculum. Inferred evolutionary transitions in perianth traits are congruent with divergences between major clades, except that the expression of separate sepals and petals in Angophora, which is nested within the operculate genus Corymbia, appears to be a reversal to the plesiomorphic perianth structure. Here, we formally raise Corymbia subg. Blakella to genus rank and make the relevant new combinations. We also define and name three sections within Blakella (Blakella sect. Blakella, Blakella sect. Naviculares, and Blakella sect. Maculatae), and two series within Blakella sect. Maculatae (Blakella ser. Maculatae and Blakella ser. Torellianae). Corymbia is reduced to the red bloodwoods.
English language and literature as an academic subject in China
Authors: Wei Ruan
Published: January 2024

A brief examination of the history of English as an academic subject in China is given, with focus on the paramount importance China attaches to the teaching and learning of foreign languages and literatures in general and of English language and literature in particular. It is argued that China presents a unique case in human history in which an immense sovereign state has put systematic and sustained efforts into learning a foreign language, formulating unified linguistic policies and enforcing them in a potent manner; and by so doing, has made the external world relatively transparent in a short time, integrating all kinds of new knowledge into its cognitive system and transforming the minds of its population, thus effecting an overall civilizational transformation.
Pseudoimmunofluorescent immunohistochemistry image analysis of phosphorylated signaling proteins in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue
Authors: Nishio Mari , Tsukamoto Shuichi , Kodama Takayuki , Shigeoka Manabu , Koma Yu‐ichiro , Yokozaki Hiroshi
Published: January 2024

Immunohistochemistry is primarily employed to visualize the localization of specific molecules in tissue samples. However, there is an increasing need for software‐assisted quantitative assessment. In the present study, we performed inverted blue channel‐based pseudoimmunofluorescence image analysis using original immunohistochemistry images. In human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues, various humoral factors promote the phosphorylation of signaling proteins, including protein kinase B (Akt) and/or extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), leading to tumor progression. Our method demonstrated applicability in the analysis of localized signaling proteins in histological sections. Relatively high phosphorylated Akt (p‐Akt) intensity was observed in the cancer‐stroma adjacent (Adj) and noncancerous regions of the superficial layer (SL). Furthermore, localized phosphorylated ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) was observed in the Adj of the SL and invasive front, distinct from the pattern of p‐Akt (Ser473) and p‐Akt (Thr308). In conclusion, pseudoimmunofluorescent immunohistochemistry image analysis is useful for the quantitative assessment and objective interpretation of localized signaling proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The method can also be applied to analyze various immunohistochemistry images from diverse tissues.
Striking differences in frost hardiness and inability to cold acclimate in two Mougeotia species (Zygnematophyceae) from alpine and lowland habitats
Authors: Permann Charlotte , Stegner Matthias , Roach Thomas , Loacker Valentina , Lewis Louise A. , Neuner Gilbert , Holzinger Andreas
Published: January 2024

Zygnematophyceae, a class of freshwater green algae, exhibit distinctive seasonal dynamics. The increasing frequency of cold snaps during the growing season might challenge the persistence of some populations. The present study explored the frost hardiness of two Mougeotia species isolated from different elevations and habitats. Additionally, a phylogenetic (rbcL sequence), ultrastructural and physiological characterization was performed. Both species, grown under standard culture conditions and cold acclimated cultures (+4°C), were exposed to freezing temperatures down to −9°C. Furthermore, ultrastructural‐, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐ and photosynthetic pigment analysis were performed on cells exposed to −2°C, with and without induced ice nucleation. The alpine M. disjuncta showed a higher frost hardiness (LT50 = −5.8°C), whereas the lowland M. scalaris was susceptible to ice. However, frost hardiness did not improve after cold acclimation in either species but rather decreased significantly in M. disjuncta (LT50 = −4.7°C). Despite darkness, prolonged sub‐zero temperatures or freezing induced the activation of the xanthophyll (VAZ) cycle in M. scalaris. Our results demonstrate that frost hardiness varies within the genus Mougeotia and that the VAZ cycle can be activated in the dark under subzero temperature‐ and freezing stress but does not necessarily increase frost hardiness. As highly frost hardy cell types are usually formed at the end of the growing season, the ability of young cells to survive ice formation in the upper subzero temperature range represents a crucial survival strategy in populations exposed to late spring frosts.
Suggested blood donor deferral strategy regarding hepatitis B infections in China
Authors: Li Ling , Wang Rui , Guo Jin , He Liu , Liu Zhengmin , Qin Qianqian , Zhang Jing , Wu Shuo , Huang Liqin , Ge Hongwei , Liu Zhong
Published: January 2024

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivity in individual immunologic and nucleic acid tests (NAT) tests does not represent the true infectious status of the blood donor. This study discusses the use of confirmatory tests to determine when deferral of blood donors is appropriate.

Methods

HBsAg or HBV NAT reactive samples were confirmed via a neutralisation test. All the HBsAg reactive but neutralisation test negative samples were subjected to further anti‐HBc testing. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to obtain the best threshold value using signal‐to‐cut‐off ratios of two HBsAg enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay reagents.

Results

Of the 780 HBV reactive samples collected, there were 467 HBsAg reactive but HBV DNA negative samples, of which 65 (13.92%) and 402 (86.08%) were neutralisation test positive and negative, respectively. Of the 402, 91 samples (30% of tested samples) were anti‐HBc reactive. HBV DNA positive specimens negative by virus neutralisation were >80% HBcAg positive. A screening strategy was proposed for Chinese blood collection agencies.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that adopting a screening algorithm for deferring HBV reactive blood donors based on HBsAg and NAT testing followed with HBsAg S/CO consideration and HBcAg testing can be both safe and feasible in China.
Experimental Investigation of the Performance of a Novel Adiabatic Swirl-Flow Separation Apparatus in Air–Water Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Thyagarajan Ashok , Ren Gangchen , Banerjee Debjyoti , Dhir Vijay
Published: January 2024

Experiments were performed for determining the efficacy of a swirl-flow apparatus for phase separation of a premixed two-phase air–water mixture. In the experiments gas and liquid flow rates were parametrically varied. The goal of this study was to determine the ideal operating conditions for phase separation of an adiabatic mixture and to serve as a benchmark for future desalination experiments involving separation of vapor-saline water two-phase mixture generated by flash evaporation. The novel swirl-flow apparatus enables the formation of a stable air core (lighter fluid) in the middle of the separator tube due to centrifugal force induced by strategically injecting the two-phase mixture tangentially into the tubular test section. Separated air is removed by tapping into the air core using a retrieval tube that is mounted in the center of the test section. Conditions under which maximum phase-separation efficiency is obtained in the swirl-flow apparatus were identified and a correlation for the phase-separation efficiency is proposed for the range of experimental conditions explored in this study.
Coriolis acceleration and critical slowing-down: A quantitative laboratory experiment
Authors: Mathevet R. , Marchou P. , Fabre C. M. , Lamrani N. , Combe N.
Published: January 2024

We experimentally investigate the motion of a pendulum on a turntable. The dynamics of this conical pendulum experiment are very rich and can be studied both at the undergraduate and graduate levels. At low rotational frequency of the turntable, we measure the Coriolis acceleration. Increasing the rotational frequency, we experimentally demonstrate a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation: above a critical rotational frequency, the pendulum arm spontaneously rises up. Beyond the characterization of the equilibrium pendulum angle, we evidence the so-called critical slowing down corresponding to the increase in the pendulum period when approaching the critical rotational frequency. Bifurcation and critical slowing down are key concepts in the study of critical phenomena that are seldom illustrated experimentally. All our experimental measurements are in excellent quantitative agreement with the theory we provide.
Developing a low-cost experimental apparatus to observe the Tyndall effect using an Arduino and 3D printing
Authors: Pereira Luiz Américo Alves , Turchiello Rozane de Fátima , Gómez Sergio Leonardo
Published: January 2024

The Tyndall effect describes light scattering by suspended solid particulates with sizes smaller than or comparable to the wavelength of light. This work describes the design and construction of an instructional kit for observing the Tyndall effect. The kit consists of a 3D printed holder that can be combined with low-cost and readily available materials to enable student laboratory experiments.
Hearing ability of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: New Emily M. , Hurd Jessica A. , Alarcon Genesis A. , Miller Cameron S. , Williams Peyton A. , Greene Nathaniel T. , Sergott Casey E. , Li Ben-Zheng , Lei Tim C. , McCullagh Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2024

The hearing abilities of mammals are impacted by factors such as social cues, habitat, and physical characteristics. Despite being used commonly to study social behaviors, hearing of the monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) has never been characterized. In this study, anatomical features are measured and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) are used to measure auditory capabilities of prairie voles, characterizing monaural and binaural hearing and hearing range. Sexually naive male and female voles were measured to characterize differences due to sex. It was found that prairie voles show a hearing range with greatest sensitivity between 8 and 32 kHz, binaural hearing across interaural time difference ranges appropriate for their head sizes. No differences are shown between the sexes in binaural hearing or hearing range (except at 1 kHz), however, female voles have increased amplitude of peripheral ABR waves I and II and longer latency of waves III and IV compared to males. The results confirm that prairie voles have a broad hearing range, binaural hearing consistent with rodents of similar size, and differences in amplitudes and thresholds of monaural physiological measures between the sexes. These data further highlight the necessity to understand sex-specific differences in neural processing that may underly variability in responses between sexes.
Microphone array analysis of the first non-axisymmetric mode for the detection of pipe conditions
Authors: Yu Yicheng , Horoshenkov Kirill V. , Tait Simon
Published: January 2024

This paper reports on the use of a circular microphone array to analyze the reflections from a pipe defect with enhanced resolution. A Bayesian maximum a posteriori algorithm is combined with the mode decomposition approach to localize pipe defects with six or fewer microphones. Unlike all previous acoustic reflectometry techniques, which only estimate the location of a pipe defect along the pipe, the proposed method uses the phase information about the wave propagated in the form of the first non-axisymmetric mode to estimate its circumferential position as well as axial location. The method is validated against data obtained from a laboratory measurement in a 150 mm diameter polyvinyl chloride pipe with a 20% in-pipe blockage and 100 mm lateral connection. The accuracy of localization of the lateral connection and blockage attained in this measurement was better than 2% of the axial sensing distance and 9° error in terms of the circumferential position. The practical significance of this approach is that it can be implemented remotely on an autonomous inspection robot so that accurate axial location and circumferential position of lateral connections and small blockages can be estimated with a computationally efficient algorithm.
Is There an Association Between Self-Reported Dual-Task Performance and Fear of Falling in Older Adults?
Authors: Kartal Özcan Ecem , Karabulut Mustafa , Karakoç Kürşad , Müjdeci Banu
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Is there an association between self-reported dual-task performance and fear of falling in older adults? Background/Objectives: Fear of falling tends to increase with age and can negatively impact dual-task abilities, leading to potential declines in overall quality of life. Therefore, it becomes crucial to evaluate dual-task performance in older adults, particularly prior to the onset of fear of falling. This study aims to investigate the potential association between self-reported dual-task performance and fear of falling in older adults. Methods: A total of 51 individuals (19 females and 32 males) were recruited. The participants met the inclusion criteria were administered the Dual-Task Questionnaire (DTQ), Falls Efficiency Scale International, and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Multiple linear regression was performed to predict DTQ scores based on age, body mass index, and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Results: A moderate positive correlation was found between Falls Efficiency Scale International scores and self-reported DTQ scores (r: .448, p: .001). Age, body mass index, and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly were not found to be significant predictors of DTQ scores. Conclusions: Our study reveals a moderate positive association between fear of falling and self-reported dual-task performance in older adults. A direct relationship between physical activity performance, fear of falling, and self-reported dual-task performance was observed among older adults. Significance/Implications: Integrating self-reported measures like the DTQ in clinical evaluations can provide valuable insights into dual-task abilities of older adults.
Criterion Validity of Accelerometers in Determining Knee-Flexion Angles During Sitting in a Laboratory Setting
Authors: Wu Yanlin , O’Brien Myles W. , Peddle Alexander , Daley W. Seth , Schwartz Beverly D. , Kimmerly Derek S. , Frayne Ryan J.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Device-based monitors often classify all sedentary positions as the sitting posture, but sitting with bent or straight legs may exhibit unique physiological and biomechanical effects. The classifications of the specific nuances of sitting have not been understood. The purpose of this study was to validate a dual-monitor approach from a trimonitor configuration measuring knee-flexion angles compared to motion capture (criterion) during sitting in laboratory setting. Methods: Nineteen adults (12♀, 24 ± 4 years) wore three activPALs (torso, thigh, tibia) while 14 motion capture cameras simultaneously tracked 15 markers located on bony landmarks. Each participant completed a 45-s supine resting period and eight, 45-s seated trials at different knee flexion angles (15° increment between 0° and 105°, determined via goniometry), followed by 15 s of standing. Validity was assessed via Friedman’s test (adjusted p value = .006), mean absolute error, Bland–Altman analyses, equivalence testing, and intraclass correlation. Results: Compared to motion capture, the calculated angles from activPALs were not different during 15°–90° (all, p ≥ .009), underestimated at 105° (p = .002) and overestimated at 0°, as well as the supine position (both, p < .001). Knee angles between 15° and 105° exhibited a mean absolute error of ∼5°, but knee angles <15° exhibited larger degrees of error (∼10°). A proportional (β = −0.12, p < .001) bias was observed, but a fixed (0.5° ± 1.7°, p = .405) bias did not exist. In equivalence testing, the activPALs were statistically equivalent to motion capture across 30°–105°. Strong agreement between the activPALs and motion capture was observed (intraclass correlation = .97, p < .001). Conclusions: The usage of a three-activPAL configuration detecting seated knee-flexion angles in free-living conditions is promising.
Promoting DNA repair to prevent fibrosis
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: January 2024

YTHDC1 activates the DNA repair kinase ATR to suppress bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.
PEDV inhibits HNRNPA3 expression by miR-218-5p to enhance cellular lipid accumulation and promote viral replication
Authors: Shi Xiaojie , Zhang Qi , Yang Naling , Wang Quanqiong , Zhang Yanxia , Xu Xingang
Published: January 2024

As the major components and structural basis of the viral replication complexes of positive-stranded RNA viruses, lipids play an essential role in viral replication. However, how PEDV manipulates host cell lipid metabolism to promote viral replication by interacting with cell proteins remains poorly understood. Here, we found that SREBF1 promotes cellular lipid synthesis, which is essential for PEDV replication. Moreover, HNRNPA3 negatively regulates SREBF1 activation and specifically reduces lipid accumulation, ultimately inhibiting PEDV dsRNA synthesis. Our study provides new insight into the mechanisms by which PEDV hijacks cell lipid metabolism to benefit viral replication, which can offer a potential target for therapeutics against PEDV infection.