bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence diagnostics as Hospital's flagship service
Authors: El Khair Riat , Aini Qurratul
Published: January 2025

This article presents the results of a bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence diagnostics studies that made use of the VOSviewer database and Scopus-indexed articles. The paper delves into various aspects from 2010 to 2023. Data was collected by doing searches in the Scopus database using appropriate keywords, such as “information technology” and “artificial intelligence” and “health care”. Subsequently, the collected dataset underwent meticulous analysis and visualization using the VOSviewer software. The most fruitful affiliation or institutional source for artificial intelligence diagnostics is Harvard Medical School. The writers with the most are Abelha, A. and Machado, J. The United States is the nation that produces the greatest amount of scientific articles related to artificial intelligence diagnostics. The most important journal for artificial intelligence diagnostics is International Journal of Medical Informatics. The most common subjects in artificial intelligence diagnostics is medicine. With ninety-five publications, the number of international scholarly publications on artificial intelligence diagnostics reached a peak in 2023. Sixty-nine writers are closely associated with the ownership of two or more documents. There are 388 keywords with strong relationships by selecting with a minimum of 5 occurrences. The findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics and characteristics of artificial intelligence diagnostics research.
Assessing environmental impacts in batik production through life cycle assessment
Authors: Asih Hayati Mukti , Juniati  , Pratama Risky Putra
Published: January 2025

This study investigates a small and medium enterprise (SME) in the batik industry located in Pekalongan, Indonesia. The enterprise faces significant challenges due to pollution generated by its production waste, raising serious environmental concerns about air and water quality in the surrounding areas. The research aims to evaluate the environmental impacts of batik production using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. Findings reveal that the most substantial environmental impact occurs in the Marine Ecotoxicity category. This impact is primarily attributed to the use of chemicals such as sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate, which dissolve in large quantities of water, leading to marine ecosystem pollution. The study highlights the need for continuous process improvements to achieve more sustainable and environmentally responsible production practices. These improvements align with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12, which focuses on responsible consumption and production.
Planning for signal linking at 3 intersection in Sukabumi City
Authors: Wulandari Firdawati , Hidayat Muhammad , Damas Permadi Dio
Published: January 2025

Transportation problems such as congestion, air pollution, accidents, queues, and delays can be encountered with low or large quantity levels. This problem is often encountered in several cities in Indonesia, including in Sukabumi. The growth in the volume of road traffic, especially in Sukabumi City, continues to increase rapidly due to the growth and development of cities and the rate of population growth. because the level of congestion, road capacity, and delays at these 3 intersections, the v/c ratio is still low, but it cannot be denied that if from year to year the volume and capacity of roads at these 3 intersections has increased continuously, it will cause congestion and road capacity exceeds its 0.78 v/c ratio. According to the calculation of the road capacity, it produces a total of 1,595 pcu/hour, according to the calculation of the maximum road capacity it produces 4,787 pcu/hour, so in anticipation of this reduction to 85% of the total percent of its maximum capacity, to 4,070, and from the calculation of Growth Factor it produces 3,978 in the year 2034, that means planning for implementing signal linking at its 3 intersections, namely in 2034.
Sentiment analysis of reviews related to Unesco Global Geopark (UGG) Ciletuh Palabuhanratu on google maps using the naive bayes algorithm
Authors: Erfina Adhitia , Siti Utami Dian , Sembiring Falentino
Published: January 2025

Ciletuh Geopark is part of the UNESCO Global Geopark Network. This study will analyze a tourist review of the Ciletuh Pelabuhan Ratu Geopark based on reviews on Google Maps. The author considers that user reviews really need to be taken into account because it is to find out the reviews of tourists who share their experiences. Reviews from tourists who have visited geoparks are the most important thing because these reviews can be used as information to be used as data. This research uses the Naïve Bayes Algorithm, because this algorithm is considered to have a high enough level of accuracy so that it can determine the Unesco Global Geopark (UGG) Ciletuh Pelabuhanratu tourist attraction that is often visited based on tourist reviews on Google Maps. Then the highest accuracy value of this research is Palangpang with an accuracy value of 98.61%, the second position is the Cisolok Geyser tourist attraction with an accuracy value of 94.44%, then the third position is the Ujung Genteng tourist attraction with an accuracy value of 98.36%, the fourth namely the Cikaso tourist attraction with an accuracy value of 98.36%, the fifth is the Citepus tourist attraction with an accuracy value of 97.22%, the sixth is the Manic Peak tourist attraction with an accuracy value of 96.92%, the seventh is the Sodong tourist attraction with an accuracy value of 95.83%, the eighth is the Cipanarikan tourist attraction with an accuracy value of 95.01%, the ninth is the Teletubis Hill tourist attraction with an accuracy value of 94.48%, and the last is the Cimarinjung tourist attraction with an accuracy value of 94.44%.
The management of household mask wastes during COVID-19 era
Authors: Asti Mulasari Surahma , Savitri Sheila
Published: January 2025

Mask is one of the largest domestic infectious wastes during the pandemic COVID-19. However, some people do not know how to manage their mask waste properly. This study aims to determine the relationship between education, knowledge, attitudes, and community participation in household mask waste management. This study used quantitative analytic research with a Cross-Sectional approach. Furthermore, the sampling method used the total sample. The number of samples were 73 respondents. Questionnaires were distributed as research tools to collect data on education, knowledge, and attitudes towards household waste management participation. data analysis was performed by chi-square analysis using computer analysis software. The study results of 73 respondents indicated that 56.8% had higher education, 79.5% had good knowledge, 79.5% had a positive attitude, and 65.8% had good participation, concecutively. The results of the education bivariate test obtained a p-value of 0,332 (p>0.05), knowledge of p-value 0.003 (p <0.05) RP 2,175 (95% CI: 1,209 - 3,912), and attitude p-value 0.018 (p <0.05) RP 2,578 (95% CI : 1,467 - 4,530). We highlighted that there were relationship between knowledge and attitude with community participation in household waste management. On the contrarty with education and community participation has no relationship in household mask waste management.
Education and innovation in the utilization of Beronok (Meranti Sea Cucumber) for sustainable development and community well-being in Meranti
Authors: Rahmad Hari Adi , Barlian Eri , Welis Wilda
Published: January 2025

The Meranti Regency is endowed with a rich biodiversity, including the sea cucumber, locally known as beronok, which the local community has recognized for its high nutritional value. This article explores how education and innovation in the utilization of beronok contribute to sustainable development for community well-being. With its high content of protein, minerals, and other health benefits, beronok holds significant potential as a functional food source that can support nutrition and foster sustainable livelihoods. Educational programs and innovative approaches encourage the community to utilize beronok more efficiently, improving food security, promoting healthier lifestyles, and supporting sustainable living practices. These initiatives not only aim to enhance the local population’s nutrition but also provide socio-economic opportunities through the responsible use of natural resources, fostering long-term sustainability. By building the community’s capacity to process and manage beronok sustainably, this approach promotes resilience and well-being. The study emphasizes the integration of local resources, education, and innovation into sustainable development strategies, ensuring a balance between ecological conservation, community empowerment, and improved living standards. This holistic approach ensures that the Meranti community achieves sustainable development for life and well-being, benefiting both present and future generations.
Design of a Micro Scale Incinerator as a Solution for Handling Waste in Cisolok Village
Authors: Fahreza Oktava Adam , Arisandi Moch Ichsan , Rohman Fathur , Akmal Islami Lazuardi
Published: January 2025

The waste problem in Kampung Cigoler RW.03 Cisolok Village is increasingly worrying, with a volume reaching 659,08 kg/day. One of the proposed solutions is a micro-scale incinerator with the main components of a burner, combustion chamber, and filtration system using mineral rocks and activated carbon. The de- sign of this incinerator considers its strength and structural safety factors, to en- sure it can withstand operational loads. Analysis using Autodesk Inventor 2023 software and ASTM A36 material shows that the stress on the incinerator frame is far below the UTS and the material yield limit, indicating that the design is safe and able to withstand the load of components and waste being burned. FEA anal- ysis shows a von Mises stress distribution with a maximum stress of 8,8976 MPa, a maximum displacement of 0,039456 mm and a safety factor of 15ul. The design of this micro-scale incinerator is expected to be an innovative solution for waste management in Cisolok Village, with adequate safety factors based on structural analysis. The incinerator design is safe in terms of structural strength so that the manufacturing process can be carried out. The design that was created has also been calculated to be able to resolve 33,98% of daily waste production.
Polysaccharides based materials as active packaging for food applications: A review
Authors: Kusuma Isnainul , Rahmadhia Safinta Nurindra , Ma’arif Alfian
Published: January 2025

In the food sector, one way to support the achievement of the SDGs goals responsible consumption and production is to implement edible or biodegradable food packaging. Food packaging has the main function of protecting food items. Based polysaccharides are one source of material that used to food packaging. Materials of polysaccharide based such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, chitin, starch, and alginate. Polysaccharide based packaging has the potential to be used as active packaging with the addition of active ingredients which can increase the shelf life of the product. Polysaccharides have great potential to be used as active packaging materials for food. Polysaccharides as active packaging materials play an active role in the quality and durability of food either by acting as scavengers or inactivating harmful compounds through the release of desired components, which have antimicrobial or antioxidant properties. However, further research is needed to optimize their performance and overcome production and processing issues to facilitate their commercialization.
Proximate analysis and chewiness of hydrogen rich water modified sweet potato noodles
Authors: Budiarti Gita Indah , Sulistiawati Endah , Kumalasari Ika Dyah
Published: January 2025

Wheat-based noodles have a high glycemic index, making them unhealthy for diabetics. Hydrogen rich water modified sweet potato noodles can be an alternative to wheat flour. This research aims to find the best proximate and chewiness analysis results. This study used the fixed variable pH hydrogen rich water 9, the ratio of wheat and sweet potato flour 1:1, the independent variable was the type of sweet potato, namely purple sweet potato and yellow sweet potato. The best noodles are obtained from yellow sweet potatoes modified with hydrogen rich water. Proximate value of yellow sweet potato as follows: water content 29.81%, ash 1.525% wb, fat 4.21% wb, total protein (Fk: 6.25) 9.025% wb, carbohydrates by difference 55.43% wb, crude fiber 0.64 % wb, calories 274.98(Cal/100 gr). The chewniess value was higher for yellow sweet potato at 2217.7 N. Yellow sweet potato noodles modified by hydrogen rich water had a higher chewiness value than noodles made from wheat.
Investigation of temperature homogeneity during infrared soldering of silicon solar cells using the finite element method
Authors: Joseph Daniel Christopher , De Rose Angela , Eberlein Dirk , Parlayan Onur , Grübel Benjamin , Beinert Andreas J. , Neuhaus Holger
Published: January 2025

Soldering copper wires to the electrodes of solar cells is a crucial stage in the fabrication of silicon photovoltaic modules. Photovoltaic industries use infrared radiation for soldering because of its high throughput. However, this soldering process could result in an inhomogeneous temperature distribution across the solar cells. Accurately measuring the solar cell temperature during the soldering process within the stringer poses a significant challenge, hindering process optimization to reduce the inhomogeneity. In this study, a finite element model of the infrared soldering process is developed, enabling the computation of the solar cell temperature based on specified electrical power, the duration of radiation from the infrared emitters and the hotplate temperature. This model is versatile and capable of computing the temperature for different solar cell types and sizes by using their radiative and thermal properties, while also considering the shading effects of the down-holder used. The model is validated for different radiation intensities using thermocouples at different positions on the solar cells during the infrared soldering process. The maximum difference between the simulated and measured temperatures is found to be (8 ± 4) K in the peak zone. Thus, a novel and robust finite element model is developed to determine the accurate solar cell temperature during the infrared soldering process.
Funnel trapping yields largely unbiased sampling of crested and marbled newts (genus Triturus)
Authors: Arntzen Jan W.
Published: January 2025

Amphibian populations are increasingly sampled with traps instead of the traditional dipnet, because of high yields at a comparatively low workload. Observations on sympatric newt species in the west of France uncovered a size effect in which the larger species Triturus cristatus and T. marmoratus were more frequently captured than the smaller species Lissotriton helveticus and L. vulgaris. The small juveniles of T. cristatus and the large Triturus interspecies hybrids fitted this series. The lightweight, collapsable, and easy to clean funnel traps here employed are useful for population studies because, due to a high capture efficiency, sampling biases can accurately be quantified and be accounted for.
Building Credibility with Comprehensive Citation Practices
Authors: Subramanian Pavithra , Soundararajan Raghuraman , Makol Jyotsna
Published: January 2025

Honoring those who paved the way and paving the way for others is an old saying and practice that emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the contributions of others while also guiding and mentoring those who follow in your footsteps. In academic and scientific writings, citations are very important for maintaining the integrity, credibility, and progression of scientific knowledge. This article examines the significance of citations, their various types and methods, and the different styles used. By focusing on best practices and common errors, this article aims to guide researchers in effectively incorporating citations to enhance their work's visibility and impact. It analyses the different types of citations, including direct quotes, paraphrases, and summaries, and discusses the major citation systems such as the Vancouver and Harvard styles. The article also examines the common errors in citation practices and offers guidelines for accurate referencing. It also reviews various reference management software that facilitate to organize and automate the citation process. The impact of citations on bibliometric measures such as impact factor, H index, CiteScore, etc., which assess the influence and productivity of research, is also discussed. Further, the article briefly delves into the utility of artificial intelligence in citation management and future directions in citation practices. The goal of this article is to elevate the quality and credibility of academic publications in the area of medicine by focusing on the principles and methods of effective citation.
Writing for Clarity: A Concise Guide for Scientific Writing and Tips for Selecting a Journal
Authors: Apoorv Thittayil Suresh
Published: January 2025

Scientific writing is very important for writing research articles or commentaries. This article provides practical tips for researchers and clinicians to write well. Empowered researchers would be able to disseminate their research findings, help change the clinical practice, and advance public health.
Historiography of Scientific Publishing across Cultures and Disciplines
Authors: Hosur Bharat , Tripathi Manjul , Vyas Sameer , Shaikh Sikandar , Ahuja Chirag K.
Published: January 2025

Historiography is a vital perspective of our scientific literature that charts the evolution of scientific publishing, from its early origins to the present status. The key transformations including the shift from a limited self-published legacy to specialized and professional peer-reviewed journals, the impact of technological advancements, and the emergence of new profitable business models are learning points for the future course and couture. Science is pursued and persevered by real humans in social and cultural contexts and not in isolation of laboratories or clinics. Survival of the impartial pure scientific bent of mind and its translation into tangible works has not been easy through the turmoil of various forms of force majeure. The lack of gender parity and even its divergence in some ways was palpable in the discourse of scientific research. Despite that, when provided with a common platform with comparable impact factors and rates of publications, gender inequality seems to vanish and equivalence in academia is discernible. The roles of authors, publishers, and readers have also evolved chronologically, adapting to the influence of cultural and disciplinary factors through the ages. The challenges of predatory publishing, open access, plagiarism, and data capitalization are also growing alongside. Ultimately, understanding the historical context and persistence of the predecessors in the course of scientific publishing can enhance modern scientific research and communication.
Hip Abductor Deficiency after Total Hip Arthroplasty: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Methods
Authors: Krüger David Richard , Heller Karl-Dieter
Published: January 2025

Abductor deficiency after total hip arthroplasty is a severe complication with functional limitations and a significant reduction in the patient's quality of life. Common causes are degenerative ruptures or approach-related iatrogenic damage to the gluteus medius and minimus muscle and the inferior gluteal nerve, fractures of the greater trochanter and incorrect reconstruction of leg length and femoroacetabular offset. With a standardised diagnosis consisting of a clinical examination, conventional X-ray and MRI, the causes of the functional problems can often be reliably determined. Therapy of abductor deficiency is challenging for both patients and physicians and is often tedious. However, with a clear diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm and straightforward patient education, good treatment results can be achieved even in this challenging condition. Conservative therapy with eccentric stretching and muscle strengthening are the basis of the treatment. In cases of progression of complaints despite intensive conservative treatment, various anatomical and extra-anatomical surgical reconstruction methods are available to relieve pain and improve function. Anatomical reconstruction of the gluteal tendon insertion is an option in cases of low-grade fatty infiltration and moderate retraction of the gluteal muscles. In situations with advanced degenerative changes in the gluteus medius and minimus muscles and an intact gluteus maximus muscle, transfer of the anterior portion of the gluteus maximus according to Whiteside is an option. For high-grade defects of the soft tissue, there is also the option of an isolated or combined transfer of the vastus lateralis muscle.
Titanium – a Cementable Material for Endoarthroplasty
Authors: Jaenisch Max , Wirtz Dieter Christian
Published: January 2025

As materials for arthroplasty, titanium alloys exhibit the following advantages over conventional steel, cobalt chromium or chromium nickel alloys – good fatigue strength, excellent biocompatibility, low modulus of elasticity, and high corrosion resistance. The previous worse clinical outcome was most likely caused by crevice corrosion and led to reduced use. To warrant safe use, the design should be optimised (sufficient proximal diameter, proximal collar), in order to reduce unwanted deformation in the proximal part of the prosthesis. Additionally, a rough surface (Ra > 2.5 μm) should not be used. Further research in surface treatments (e. g. silicate-silane) could facilitate additional improvement.
Local Administration of Antibiotics in Orthopedics and Traumatology
Authors: Gramlich Yves , Schnetz Matthias , Hoffmann Reinhard
Published: January 2025

2022 marks the 50th anniversary of the development of the antibiotic loaded PMMA chain. The loading of bone cements with antibiotics was a major advance in the treatment of musculoskeletal infections and is still a proven standard today. The research and use of novel antibiotic carriers continues to be an important part of research in the context of musculoskeletal infections. The article provides an overview of the various local antibiotics available and their specifics. In addition, current adapted treatment concepts are discussed.
Transparent device harvests radio frequency and solar power to improve power outputs
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: January 2025

Device may make smart windows and the Internet of Things more energetically sustainable.
Analytical derivative approaches for vibro-polaritonic structures and properties. I. Formalism and implementation
Authors: Huang Xunkun , Liang WanZhen
Published: January 2025

Vibro-polaritons are hybrid light–matter states that arise from the strong coupling between the molecular vibrational transitions and the photons in an optical cavity. Developing theoretical and computational methods to describe and predict the unique properties of vibro-polaritons is of great significance for guiding the design of new materials and experiments. Here, we present the ab initio cavity Born–Oppenheimer density functional theory (CBO-DFT) and formulate the analytic energy gradient and Hessian as well as the nuclear and photonic derivatives of dipole and polarizability within the framework of CBO-DFT to efficiently calculate the harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared absorption, and Raman scattering spectra of vibro-polaritons as well as to explore the critical points on the cavity potential energy surface. The implementation of analytic derivatives into the electronic structure package is validated by a comparison with the finite-difference method and with other reported computational results. By adopting appropriate exchange–correlation functionals, CBO-DFT can better describe the structure and properties of molecules in the cavity than CBO-Hartree–Fock method. It is expected that CBO-DFT is a useful tool for studying the polaritonic structures and properties.
Effect of electron–electron interactions on the emission characteristics of ultracold, nanoscale photoemission-based electron sources
Authors: Gevorkyan G. S. , Ridley R. , Gonzalez E. , Padmore H. A. , Karkare S.
Published: January 2025

For nearly 60 years, cold field emitters have been the source of choice for electron microscopy due to their high brightness and relatively low energy spread. In this paper, we have examined an alternative: nanoscale electron sources based on near-threshold photoemission. While these sources have not yet been realized, they hold the potential to produce significantly brighter beams than cold field emitters. We model electron–electron Coulomb interactions in beams emitted from such sources to calculate the impact of these interactions on the brightness and the energy spread. Our results show that these sources can theoretically deliver more than an order of magnitude brighter electron beams compared to cold field emitters along with more than an order of magnitude smaller energy spread, before being limited by the Coulomb interactions. Electron sources with such high brightness and low energy spread would be transformational for electron microscopy, enabling electron energy loss-based vibrational spectroscopy at the sub-nanometer scale.
High performance triboelectric nanogenerator by synchrotron x-ray assisted Ru/g-C3N4 nanostructure incorporated into PDMS matrix
Authors: Sonawane A. M. , Phatangare A. B. , Thombare Balu R. , Jadhav A. P. , Mondal Puspen , Khantwal Nitin , Dahiwale S. S. , Bhoraskar V. N. , Dhole S. D.
Published: January 2025

The integration of metal–semiconductor nanostructures is of significant interest to the advanced technology development. However, the synthesis methods for metal–semiconductor nanostructures are complicated and require multi-stage processing, which includes the separate synthesis of metallic and semiconductor nanostructures, controlling pH, and dedicated equipments. Herein, we report a one-step in situ synthesis and simultaneous embedding of Ru nanostructures on g-C3N4 nanosheets using the synchrotron x-ray irradiation method. The results indicate that Ru nanostructures were uniformly embedded within the g-C3N4 nanosheets, leading to the formation of Ru—O, RuO2, and Ru—O—Ru chemical bonds. Moreover, three distinct types of Ru nanostructures could be achieved by adjusting the x-ray dose. High-performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) were fabricated using these three types of Ru-embedded g-C3N4 nanosheets within a PDMS matrix. The output performance of these TENG devices was compared with that of PDMS and g-C3N4/PDMS TENGs. The improved dielectric constant contributes to the high performance of the TENG. The synthesized Ru/g-C3N4 nanostructures are notably significant due to increased contact surface area, charge distribution density, and the formation of a metal–semiconductor heterostructure system. These characteristics lead to high charge transfer rates, improved charge transport, and a higher density of charge trapping centers within the insulating matrix. Thus, we achieved a high TENG peak power density of 4.86 W/m2 during the contact separation process. The practical applicability of the TENG is also demonstrated. Furthermore, a 47 μF capacitor could be charged to 7.8 V in ∼400 s and can be used to continuously drive low power electronic gadgets.
Phase transitions in chromatin: Mesoscopic and mean-field approaches
Authors: Tiani R. , Jardat M. , Dahirel V.
Published: January 2025

By means of a minimal physical model, we investigate the interplay of two phase transitions at play in chromatin organization: (1) liquid–liquid phase separation within the fluid solvating chromatin, resulting in the formation of biocondensates; and (2) the coil–globule crossover of the chromatin fiber, which drives the condensation or extension of the chain. In our model, a species representing a domain of chromatin is embedded in a binary fluid. This fluid phase separates to form a droplet rich in a macromolecule (B). Chromatin particles are trapped in a harmonic potential to reproduce the coil and globular phases of an isolated polymer chain. We investigate the role of the droplet material B on the radius of gyration of this polymer and find that this radius varies nonmonotonically with respect to the volume fraction of B. This behavior is reminiscent of a phenomenon known as co-non-solvency: a polymer chain in a good solvent (S) may collapse when a second good solvent (here B) is added in low quantity and expands at higher B concentration. In addition, the presence of finite-size effects on the coil–globule transition results in a qualitatively different impact of the droplet material on polymers of various sizes. In the context of genetic regulation, our results suggest that the size of chromatin domains and the quantity of condensate proteins are key parameters to control whether chromatin may respond to an increase in the quantity of chromatin-binding proteins by condensing or expanding.
Cluster perturbation theory. XI. Excitation-energy series using a variational excitation-energy function
Authors: Hillers-Bendtsen Andreas Erbs , Johansen Magnus Bukhave , Juncker von Buchwald Theo , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Olsen Jeppe , Jørgensen Poul , Helgaker Trygve
Published: January 2025

Traditionally, excitation energies in coupled-cluster (CC) theory have been calculated by solving the CC Jacobian eigenvalue equation. However, based on our recent work [Jørgensen et al., Sci. Adv. 10, eadn3454 (2024)], we propose a reformulation of the calculation of excitation energies where excitation energies are determined as a conventional molecular property. To this end, we introduce an excitation-energy function that depends on the CC Jacobian and the right and left eigenvectors for the Jacobian eigenvalue problem. This excitation-energy function is variational with respect to the right and left eigenvectors but not with respect to the cluster amplitudes. Instead, the cluster amplitudes satisfy the cluster-amplitude equations, and we set up an excitation-energy Lagrangian by adding to the excitation-energy function the cluster-amplitude equations with an undetermined multiplier for each cluster-amplitude constraint. The excitation-energy Lagrangian is variational in all its parameters. Based on the variational property of the Lagrangian, we have determined two quadratically convergent excitation-energy series: the total-order cluster-perturbation (tCP) and variational cluster-perturbation (vCP) excitation-energy series. Calculations of the excitation energies of three small molecules have shown that the vCP series is to be preferred over the tCP series. The test calculations have been carried out for CPS(D) expansions [targeting the CC singles-and-doubles (CCSD) wave function from the CC singles wave function] and the CPSD(T) expansion [targeting the CC singles-doubles-triples (CCSDT) wave function from the CCSD wave function]. For the S(D) and SD(T) orbital excitation space calculations, we obtain in the second vCP iteration excitation energies with a mean deviation from CCSD excitation energies of about 0.04 eV for the S(D) orbital spaces, and for the SD(T) orbital space calculation, we obtain a mean deviation from the CCSDT excitation energies of 0.001 eV.
Low-carbon optimization scheduling for integrated energy system considering two-stage power-to-gas and carbon capture system
Authors: Wu Qunli , Chen Yunfeng , Bai Jiayi , Guo Huiling
Published: January 2025

With the rapid growth of energy demand and the increasing severity of environmental pollution, low-carbon and clean energy have become the mainstream direction of energy development. An integrated energy system (IES) is one of the effective ways to reduce environmental pollution and improve energy efficiency. Based on this, this paper proposes a coupled model that considers two-stage power-to-gas (P2G) and carbon capture system (CCS) and extends it to IES, including electricity, heat, and gas. Then, a low-carbon optimization scheduling model for IES based on the Stackelberg game is established. In this model, the IES operator is regarded as the leader, and the user coalition is regarded as the follower. The leader optimizes the energy selling price and equipment outputs with the goal of maximizing profit, while the follower optimizes the energy consumption strategy with the goal of minimizing energy purchased cost. The genetic algorithm and CPLEX solver are combined to solve the model, and eight scenarios are analyzed. The results indicate that the model proposed can fully tap the potential of demand response. In addition, the introduction of two-stage P2G makes the wind power absorption rate reach 99.31%, and the CO2 captured by CCS could be used to synthesize natural gas, reducing carbon emission.
Heterogeneous dynamics in aging phosphate-based geopolymer
Authors: Viani Alberto , Bernasconi Davide , Zárybnická Lucie , Zontone Federico , Pavese Alessandro , Dallari Francesco
Published: January 2025

The time-evolution of dynamics as well as microstructure and mechanical response of phosphate-based geopolymers was probed using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and rheological tests. The analyzed relaxation processes in the freshly prepared geopolymer mixes evidenced a q-independent mode of the autocorrelation function, ascribed to density fluctuations of the already established molecular network, undergoing reconfiguration without significant mass transport. Upon curing, the detected motions are localized and depict a system evolving toward structural arrest dominated by slower hyperdiffusive dynamics, characterized by a compressed exponential regime, pointing to a structural relaxation process subjected to internal stresses, in a context of marked dynamical and structural heterogeneity. The system ages through a “densification” process producing declining small angle scattered intensity, as two finely intermixed gel-like reaction products, namely, one hydrated aluminophosphate and one hydrated silica, form a percolated network possessing surface fractal scaling of progressively shorter average correlation length. In this scenario, the nominal Al/P molar ratio of the mix, being an index of network-forming ability, is positively correlated with the dynamic viscosity and the overall kinetics, whereas the contrary occurs for the fraction of water.
Condition of predominance of electrostatic forces over gravitational forces in space plasma
Authors: Shavlov A. V. , Dzhumandzhi V. A. , Yakovenko A. A.
Published: January 2025

The free energy of the cosmic plasma formed by stars, protons, and electrons is calculated. The free energy includes electrostatic correction to the energy of ideal gas of particles. It is shown that the derivative of the free energy over the interstellar distance in a certain range of distances has a positive sign. That is, there is a force in the plasma tending to reduce the distance between stars (the force of electrostatic compression of the plasma). The origin of this force is related to the correlation of electrons in the electric fields of protons and the corresponding gain of electrostatic energy during compression. It is shown that the electrostatic forces of plasma compression become stronger than the gravitational forces of interstellar attraction at stellar masses equal to the Sun's mass when the charge of stars is higher than 1033 (in units of elementary charge). The findings may be useful in elucidating the nature of dark matter in space.
Motion of a floating sphere pulled by a string and induced flows
Authors: Apffel Benjamin , Fleury Romain
Published: January 2025

We study in this article the motion of a floating ball attached to a soft string set in circular motion through its other end. Although simple, the system exhibits rich dynamics that we investigate experimentally and theoretically. At low rotation speeds, we show that the circular trajectory of the ball shrinks when we stir faster, which challenges common intuition based on centrifugal force. For higher rotation rates, the ball is either suddenly attracted toward the center, or is repulsed away from it, depending on the string length. Experimental measurements of the generated flow show that a Magnus force must be taken into account to correctly explain all the observations. In particular, our deformable system allows us to measure the ratio of the lift force over the inertial force. Interestingly, the system exhibits strong hysteretic behavior, showing that the ball can robustly trap itself at the center of the flow generated by its past motion. The present experiment also revisits the famous “tea-leaf paradox,” which refers to the unexpected migration of tea leaves toward the center of a tea cup when the latter is mixed with a rigid spoon. The ball attached to the string plays the role of a deformable spoon, and we show that there can exist a maximum rotation speed above which the tea-leaves transport brutally stops.
A predictive model for total saltation mass flux fluctuating time series in the near-neutral atmospheric surface layer
Authors: Han Guowen , Yue Fangfang , Huang Zhilin , Zhang Xiaobin , Xin Guowei
Published: January 2025

Eolian sand transport in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) is a typical kind of gas–solid two-phase flow at high Reynolds number. However, direct measurements of high-frequency total saltation mass flux in the ASL are particularly challenging. This study presents a novel method for predicting total saltation mass flux fluctuating time series in the near-neutral ASL based on studying the response of total saltation mass flux to streamwise wind speed. The normalized total saltation mass flux fluctuating time series can be predicted by our model using one-point streamwise wind speed data measured near the surface, and the total saltation mass flux fluctuating time series predicted by the new model have a good correlation with the directly measured results, especially for low-frequency signals. Additionally, the power spectra and the probability density functions of the normalized total saltation mass flux fluctuations demonstrate strong agreement with the measured results, both qualitatively and quantitatively. These findings indicate that our predictive model offers a novel approach for predicting the fluctuating time series of saturated total saltation mass flux in the near-neutral ASL. Furthermore, our model may facilitate scientific research and engineering applications related to eolian sand transport in the ASL.
Room-temperature ferromagnetism of chromium-doped molybdenum disulfide synthesized via chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Min Shaolong , Li You , Qu Ziyang , Liu Mingyan , Zhao Yibin , Zheng Hongqian , Huang Chengxi , Kan Erjun , Wan Yi
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials offer promising prospects for applications in magnetic storage and spin field-effect transistors. However, the inherently low Curie temperatures of intrinsic 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor materials pose significant limitations on their practical device applications. An effective approach to achieving room-temperature ferromagnetism involves doping non-magnetic semiconductors with specific magnetic atoms. Here, we present the room-temperature ferromagnetism of chromium (Cr)-doped molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets synthesized through chemical vapor deposition. The magnetic hysteresis loops, recorded across a temperature span of 10–300 K, underscore the remarkable stability of their magnetic attributes. To gain deeper microscopic insights into the magnetic properties of Cr-doped MoS2, we conducted first-principles calculations, which further validated our experimental findings. This research underscores a promising pathway for the development of 2D ferromagnetic materials with broad application potential in magnetic storage and spin field-effect transistors.
The complex shear time response of saliva in healthy individuals
Authors: Mishra Ases Akas , Almhöjd Ulrica , Çevik-Aras Hülya , Fisic Amela , Olofsson Richard , Almståhl Annica , Kádár Roland
Published: January 2025

Saliva plays a critical role in oral health, offering protection, aiding in digestion, and facilitating speech and swallowing. This study explores the biochemical composition of human saliva from healthy subjects, including total protein, glycoprotein, and calcium concentrations, in relation to its shear and time-dependent rheological properties. Eleven healthy, nonsmoking subjects were recruited, and salivary secretion rates were measured. Assays were used to determine concentrations of total protein, glycoproteins, and calcium, in addition to rheometry for evaluating the rheological properties of saliva. The results showed that unstimulated saliva, dominated by the mucins MUC5B and MUC7, displayed significantly higher viscosity and pronounced viscoelastic properties compared to stimulated saliva. Rheological analysis revealed saliva to be a viscoelastic material, exhibiting both elastic (solid-like) and viscous (liquid-like) responses. Shear thinning behavior was observed, where viscosity decreased with increasing shear rates, contributing to the fluid's ability to adapt to varying oral conditions. Furthermore, saliva exhibited thixotropy, a time-dependent material behavior characterized by structural breakdown under shear and recovery at rest. Calcium and glycoprotein levels were positively correlated with increased viscoelasticity, particularly with the storage modulus (G′), which reflects the ability of saliva to store elastic energy. These findings highlight the intricate relationship between the biochemical composition of saliva and its rheological properties, specifically its capacity for shear thinning, viscoelastic behavior, and time-dependent recovery, which are vital for its lubrication and protective functions in the oral cavity.
Classical (“ontological”) dual states in quantum theory and the minimal group representation Hilbert space
Authors: Cirilo-Lombardo Diego J. , Sanchez Norma G.
Published: January 2025

We investigate the classical aspects of quantum theory and under which description quantum theory does appear classical. Although such descriptions or variables are known as “ontological” or “hidden,” they are not hidden at all but are dual classical states (in the sense of the general classical–quantum duality of nature). We analyze and interpret the dynamical scenario in an inherent quantum structure: (i) We show that the use of the known φ states in the circle [F. London, Z. Phys. 37, 915 (1926) and G. ’t Hooft, “The hidden ontological variable in quantum harmonic oscillators,” arXiv 2407.18153 (2024)] takes a true dimension only when the system is subjected to the minimal group representation action of the metaplectic group Mp(n). The Mp(n) Hermitian structure fully covers the symplectic Sp(n) group and, in certain cases, OSp(n). (ii) We compare the circle φ states and the cylinder ξ states in configuration space with the two sectors of the full Mp(2) Hilbert space corresponding to the even and oddn harmonic oscillators and their total sum. (iii) We compute the projections of the Mp(2) states on the circle φ and cylinder ξ states. The known London circle states are not normalizable. We compute here the general coset coherent states α,φ in the circle, with α being the coherent complex parameter. It allows full normalizability of the complete set of the circle states. (iv) The London states (ontological in ’t Hooft’s description) completelyclassicalize the inherent quantum structure only under the action of the Mp(n) minimal group representation. (v) For the coherent states in the cylinder (configuration space), all functions are analytic in the disk z=ωe−iφ<1. For the general coset coherent states α,φ in the circle, the complex variable is z′=ze−iα*/2: The analytic function is modified by the complex phase (φ − α*/2). (vi) The analyticity z′=ze−Imα/2<1 occurs when Im α ≠ 0 because of normalizability and Im α > 0 because of the identity condition. The circle topology induced by the α,φ coset coherent state also modifies the ratio of the disk due to the displacement by the coset. (vii) For the coset coherent cylinder states in configuration space, the classicalization is stronger due to screening exponential factors e−2n2, e−(2n+1/2), and e−(2n+1/2)2 for large n arising in the Mp(2) projections on them. The generalized Wigner function shows a bell-shaped distribution and stronger classicalization than the square norm functions. The application of the minimal group representation immediately classicalizes the system, with Mp(2) emerging as the group of the classical–quantum duality symmetry.
Frictional drag and turbulent dissipation in a water-ring vacuum pump
Authors: Li Heng
Published: January 2025

The water-ring vacuum pump is a crucial piece of negative pressure extraction equipment, extensively utilized in gas extraction and wind tunnel applications. While water-ring vacuum pumps offer numerous advantages, including safety and reliability, they also present drawbacks such as low efficiency and high energy consumption. The operational efficiency of these pumps is one of their most significant performance indicators and serves as the foundation for evaluating their energy consumption. Enhancing the operational efficiency of water-ring vacuum pumps is currently at the forefront of research and a significant area of interest. The efficiency of these pumps is influenced by multiple factors. This article focuses on two critical factors that impact the operational efficiency of water ring pumps: casing friction and turbulent dissipation. This study employs theoretical analysis and simulation to compare the casing friction of the pump under both rotating and non-rotating conditions, thereby analyzing the power loss associated with turbulent dissipation and friction within the water ring. At an ideal impeller speed of 3000 r/min, the corresponding characteristic Reynolds number is Re = 1.88 × 105. The results indicate that (1) the power consumed by casing friction is 0.4 kW, while the power lost due to turbulent dissipation amounts to 1.2 kW; (2) when the pump casing rotates with the water ring at a speed of 1000 r/min, the power consumption of the casing decreases to 0.16 kW, representing a reduction of approximately 60%; the power loss from turbulent dissipation also drops to 0.16 kW, reflecting an 87% decrease; and (3) when the pump casing rotates with the water ring at a speed of 2000 r/min, the power consumption of the casing further decreases to 0.056 kW, reflecting a reduction of 86%. The power loss due to turbulent dissipation further drops to 0.046 kW, indicating a reduction of 96%. This study presents a significant finding that rotation of the pump casing can markedly weaken friction and turbulent dissipation, providing valuable insights for the design of high-efficiency water ring pumps.