bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure S5 from Blocking Tryptophan Catabolism Reduces Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Invasive Capacity
Authors: Kuo Li-Wei , Crump Lyndsey S. , O’Neill Kathleen , Williams Michelle M. , Christenson Jessica L. , Spoelstra Nicole S. , Roy Micaela Kalani , Argabright Amy , Reisz Julie A. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Boorgula Meher P. , Goodspeed Andrew , Bickerdike Mike , Bitler Benjamin G. , Richer Jennifer K.
Published: October 2024

AT-0174 significantly decreased extracellular tryptophan catabolites produced by MDA-MBA-453 cells.
Successful Repeated Use of a Pathogen Adsorbing Biomimetic Device for the Adjunct Treatment of a SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Subsequent Infections with Different Multiresistant Bacteria
Authors: Okioma Reuben , Soki Khalida , Hay Alexander , Kielstein Jan T.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity Filter is a biomimetic adsorbent device that can remove pathogens from the blood. Case Presentation: Here, we report the successful use of the Seraph® 100 to treat both a SARS-CoV-2 reinfection leading to severe COVID-19 pneumonia as well as subsequent secondary lung infections including Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa multidrug-resistant bacteria. To our knowledge, this 46-year-old black male is the first patient in which four treatments with this pathogen adsorber, one for a viral and three for different bacterial infections, have been successfully used. Conclusion: The Seraph® 100 can be easily and successfully used in conjunction with standard (anti-infective) treatment.
Multimodal Endoscopic Management of Fistula after Sleeve Gastrectomy Involving a Novel Esophageal Stent
Authors: Fortunato Claudia , Noronha Ferreira Carlos , Moura Miguel , Almeida Amélia , Tato Marinho Rui , Correia Luís
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a bariatric surgical procedure associated with a non-negligible risk of postoperative adverse events, especially fistulas, the majority of which occur at the angle of His. This adverse event requires a multidisciplinary approach involving intensive care, surgery, interventional endoscopy, and radiology. Despite the absence of an algorithmic endoscopic approach, a primarily endoscopic management of fistulas after LSG is now standard of care in most institutions. Case Report: A 66-year-old female with grade III obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension underwent LSG. She developed abdominal pain, hypovolemic shock, and severe anemia (Hb 6.5 g/dL). A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed hemoperitoneum without active bleeding, managed with transfusion of packed blood cells. A week later, a new CT scan performed for leukocytosis and abdominal pain revealed pneumoperitoneum. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a 20-mm fistula orifice at the angle of His. A novel esophageal covered metallic stent was placed for a period of 5 weeks. The fistula orifice decreased to 4 mm and communicated through a fistulous tract with a residual subphrenic abscess measuring 62 × 20 mm. Pus was collected from the abscess and drained internally with a 10-Fr double pigtail plastic stent through the fistula orifice. Following an initial period of improvement, clinical deterioration required percutaneous subphrenic abscess drainage. Two weeks later, the double pigtail plastic stent was removed, the fistula orifice was ablated with argon plasma 40W/1L and closed with an over-the-scope clip of 10 mm. Patient improved and was discharged 4 months after the LSG. Conclusion: The Luso-Cor esophageal stent is a specifically designed covered metallic stent with a 5-mm uncovered ring near the proximal edge, which reduces the risk of migration. Two articulating zones in the middle portion allow better adaptation to altered anatomy after LSG and a distal flare reduces retrograde reflux of fluid. This stent overcomes strictures in the gastric tube, concomitantly present in nearly 50% of patients with fistulas after LSG. The novel Luso-Cor esophageal stent provided a bridge to clinical stability with a significant reduction in the size of the fistula orifice which was closed with complementary therapeutic endoscopic procedures.
Narrador desconfiado, consciência hesitante: a experiência de Os embaixadores, de Henry James
Authors: Godoy Gabriel Gimenes de
Published: October 2024

Os embaixadores, obra máxima de Henry James, não esteve livre de dificuldades de compreensão, em parte, relacionadasao intrincado estilo, marcado pelos movimentos da consciência do herói, Strether. Este ensaio busca demonstrar comoo encaminhamento da experiência de Strether nunca perde de vista o seu dilema social: um modesto editor de jornalnorte-americano fascinado pelas condições de vida europeia sem, no entanto, deter condições materiais para arcar comesse universo de prazeres. O mergulho na consciência de Strether e a investigação da trajetória do herói permitem sondaras razões histórico-sociais atuantes na composição, que induz o leitor a aderir ao universo apresentado. Nesse sentido, aironia de James incorpora as estratégias da classe dominante na tentativa de apagar as determinações sociais que poderiamdesvelar o conteúdo material de sua influência e poder, revelando as manobras ideológicas da burguesia endinheirada
Aproximações: o pensamento de Walter Benjamin ecoando no romance 2666, de Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Xerxenesky Antônio Carlos Silveira
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho busca mostrar, a partir de vários exemplos selecionados, como a obra em prosa do escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño, especialmente o romance 2666, ecoa linhas de pensamento desenvolvidas em ensaios do filósofo alemão Walter Benjamin, seja tratando de literatura, como é o caso de “O narrador”, seja de história, como em “Sobre o conceito de história”. Ambos os autores se preocupavam com a melancolia de esquerda que derivava da reflexão dos pontos de contato entre cultura e barbárie, ética e estética, violência e literatura. Além disso, parece haver uma confluência entre a visão dehistória proposta por Benjamin e a exposta pelo personagem Benno von Archimboldi em 2666.
Câmara de eco: notas sobre o ritmo na obra poética de Mirta Rosenberg
Authors: Miranda Sheyla M. V.
Published: October 2024

Pensando o ritmo como a dimensão que organiza no poema a configuração da subjetividade, “o movimento da vozna escritura”, como propõe o teórico francês Henri Meschonnic (2006, p. 43), este artigo analisa o modo como o ritmo é articulado na obra da poeta e tradutora argentina Mirta Rosenberg (1951-2019), sobretudo em seus dois primeiros livros, Pasajes e Madam.
Barravento, entre tese e forma
Authors: Silva Cleiton Oliveira
Published: October 2024

Barravento (1962) é o primeiro longa-metragem de Glauber Rocha, um dos diretores-chave do Cinema Novo brasileiro. A ida a uma comunidade de pescadores de Xaréu no litoral da Bahia e a tomada de consciência da pobreza local, com todos os contratempos de produção do filme, foram decisivas no sentido de despertar uma perspectiva crítica aguda no seu autor. A ambiguidade característica do filme é fruto por um lado de uma visão política radical e revolucionária, segundoa qual a cosmovisão mística da religiosidade iorubá era alienante, e por outro lado da contemplação antropológica de uma experiência local. Essa tensão reflete em muito o espírito de modernidade e vanguarda que tomou o ambiente social soteropolitano com a criação da Universidade da Bahia, durante os anos de formação do cineasta. A tensão segue pelos anos seguintes na consciência intelectual de Glauber e encontra uma síntese expressiva no manifesto-tese “Eztetyka da Fome”, de 1965.
Análise do filme Un film comme les autres, do grupo Dziga Vertov
Authors: Fleury Marcela Azeredo Santos
Published: October 2024

Durante os acontecimentos de Maio de 1968, Jean-Luc Godard (1930), importante nome da Nouvelle Vague, começa a se dedicar à produção coletiva. Com o estudante Jean-Pierre Gorin, funda o Grupo Dziga Vertov (1968-1972). Nessa nova proposta, o diretor produz nove filmes essencialmente políticos. Rompendo com o cinema tradicional, com as produtoras e com as salas de cinema, a partir de 1968, Godard começou a entender o novo público, politizado pela conjuntura, não mais como um mero espectador. Este trabalho pretende analisar a prática do grupo Dziga Vertov no filme Un film comme les autres (1968), a primeira obra de criação coletiva realizada pelo Grupo Dziga Vertov.
A nordestina como objeto estético
Authors: Alencar Adilma Secundo
Published: October 2024

Este ensaio pretende sublinhar os movimentos internos (conceito de Auerbach) presentes na novela de Clarice Lispector A hora da estrela (1977), a fim de destacar sua importância na construção e revelação do seu narrador e personagem Rodrigo S.M., e analisar o espaço de alargamento da consciência interna dos personagens como parte da narrativa em que observamos a fusão entre Macabéa e Rodrigo S.M., personagens construídos simetricamente ao longo da narrativa, como se o surgimento deles em tecido literário viesse apenas para nos revelar uma realidade tão evidentemente dura que fingimos recôndita. No prefácio que acompanha a primeira edição da obra, de 1977, o crítico literário Eduardo Portela, ao apresentar Macabéa, destaca que “A moça alagoana é um substantivo coletivo. A perda, o vazio, o oco são instâncias metafóricas da interdição histórica” (2017, p. 212). Esse fato é recebido pela crítica como uma novidade na escrita clariceana, pois a crítica percebe nessa obra um engajamento social mais intenso do que nas outras que a antecederam.
Sobre meu ombro (trecho de Não está mais aqui quem falou)
Authors: Jaffe Noemi
Published: October 2024

"Que lógica, afinal, há na memória? Lembramos de muita coisa quando queremos, e grande parte de nossa vida se baseia nisso. Mas também lembramos do que não queremos, do que nos faz mal, de coisas desimportantes e esquecemos do que gostamos, do que nos fez bem, de algo de que precisaríamos com urgência. E nem falo dos efeitos mais compreensíveis da idade, que, como com todo o resto, também agem sobre a lembrança e o esquecimento. O contrassenso é total, quando penso, por exemplo, que, aos cinquenta e cinco anos — idade para já se esquecer, ao abrir a geladeira, o que é que se foi pegar lá —, esqueço do nome de uma de minhas primas mais queridas, e, por outro lado, lembro dos nomes de todos os jogadores da seleção de 74, time de pouca importância e no qual eu mal prestei atenção. Por que lembro desse nomes? O que faz com que minha memória traga coisas que não me dizem respeito, não me dizem mesmo nada, não têm relação com algo que me traumatizou, nada absolutamente? Teria a memória também a função de fixar amenidades, simplesmente porque sim, porque, como o espancador de Kafka, , cuja tarefa é só espancar, a memória lembra assim, à toa, só por lembrar? (...)"
Um tesouro da literatura em português
Authors: Secches Fabiane
Published: October 2024

"'Estou muito convencido de que Noemi Jaffe é um tesouro da língua e da literatura em português', disse o escritor Valter Hugo Mãe em entrevista concedida ao site Fronteiras do Pensamento. A escritora, nascida em São Paulo no ano de 1962, também é crítica literária e professora de literatura formada em Letras pela Universidade de São Paulo, onde também completou seu mestrado e seu doutorado em Literatura Brasileira (...)".
Benzodiazepine Utilization in Ischemic Stroke Survivors: Analyzing Initial Excess Supply and Longitudinal Trends
Authors: Lomachinsky Torres Victor , Brooks Julianne D. , Donahue Maria A. , Sun Shuo , Hsu John , Price Mary , Blacker Deborah , Schwamm Lee H. , Newhouse Joseph P. , Haneuse Sebastien , Moura Lidia M.V.R.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed for post-acute ischemic stroke for anxiety, insomnia, and agitation. While guidelines discourage use in those aged ≥65 years, little is known about prescription patterns at the national level.

METHODS:

We analyzed a 20% sample of US Medicare claims from April 1, 2013, to September 30, 2021. We selected beneficiaries aged ≥65 years discharged alive following an acute ischemic stroke who had traditional Medicare coverage and 6 months’ prior enrollment in Parts A (hospital insurance), B (Medical insurance), and D (drug coverage). We excluded those with prior benzodiazepine prescriptions, self-discharges, or discharge to skilled nursing facilities. We examined demographics, comorbidities, first prescription days’ supply, cumulative incidences of benzodiazepine first prescription fills within 90 days after discharge, and geographic and yearly trends.

RESULTS:

We included 126 050 beneficiaries with a mean age of 78 years (SD, 8); 54% were female and 82% were White. Within 90 days, 6127 (4.9%) initiated a benzodiazepine. Among new prescriptions, lorazepam (40%) and alprazolam (33%) were the most prescribed. Most (76%) of first fills had a day’s supply over 7 days and 55% between 15 and 30 days. Female initiation rates were higher (5.5% [95% CI, 5.3–5.7]) than male initiation rates (3.8% [95% CI, 3.6%–3.9%]). Rates were highest in the southeast (5.1% [95% CI, 4.8%–5.3%]) and lowest in the midwest (4.0% [95% CI, 3.8%–4.3%]), with a modest nationwide initiation decline from 2013 to 2021 (cumulative incidence difference, 1.6%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite a gradual decline in benzodiazepine initiation from 2013 to 2021, we noted excessive supplies in prescriptions post-acute ischemic stroke discharge, underscoring the need for improved policies.
Successful adoption of non-orphaned infant by a parous, nursing female in yaki (Sulawesi crested macaque)
Authors: Graham Kirsty E. , Holden Eve , Engelhardt Antje , Perwitasari-Farajallah Dyah , Slocombe Katie E.
Published: October 2024

Adoption is an unusual behaviour across taxa, and for adoption to be successful, with the infant surviving to independence, the adoptive parent must be able to provide appropriate nutrition and care. Successful adoption has now been reported in several nonhuman primate species and here we add a case in wild yaki (Sulawesi crested macaque, Macaca nigra). We observed the adoption of an approx. 2-week-old infant by a female with her own approx. 3-week-old infant who went on to carry, nurse, and care for both infants until they both became independent. The adoptive and biological mother had each previously raised the same number of offspring (5). There was no evidence of aggressive transfer and we did not observe any attempts by the adopted infant’s biological mother to retrieve her. The biological mother went on to have another infant 8 months later while the adoptive mother was still caring for her other infant. This case may reflect some of the health costs and reproductive benefits of adoption for nonhuman primates.
The chrysomeline leaf beetles of Timor, Wallacea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)
Authors: REID CHRIS A. M.
Published: October 2024

The Chrysomelinae are reviewed for the island of Timor and comprise seven species. Two new species of Paropsis genus group are described, including their first-instar larvae: Paropsisterna tais new species and P. tatamailau new species. Records of Paropsisterna captiosa (Clark, 1865) and Paropsis manto Blackburn, 1899 on Timor are discussed and both shown to be misidentified, but they remain unidentified because all known specimens are female. Three additional Chrysomelinae are noted, including Phola octodecimguttata (Fabricius, 1781), new for Timor. A key is provided for identification of the known Timorese Chrysomelinae.
New data on two rare East Asian cladocerans, Coronatella trachystriata (Chen, Zhang & Liu, 1994) and Nedorhynchotalona chiangi Kotov & Sinev, 2011 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)
Authors: SINEV ARTEM Y. , LIU PING , HAN BO-PING
Published: October 2024

Two rare East Asian cladocerans, Coronatella (Coronatella) trachystriata (Chen, Zhang et Liu, 1994) and Nedorhynchotalona chiangi Kotov & Sinev, 2011, were found in Qili Lake on the border of Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces of China. Morphology of the species was studied by scanning electron microscopy for the first time, revealing unique morphological features: valve sculpture as a system of ridges in C. (C.) trachystriata and head shield with only lateral head pores present in N. chiangi. Both species have numerous adaptations for a benthic mode of life. They were found in a pelagic plankton sample during strong wind action, but were absent in littoral samples. Our data suggest that both species inhabit bottom sediments in a deeper zone of lakes at some distance from the shore, usually not sampled during cladoceran faunistic surveys. Morphology and distribution of the species are discussed.
Contribution to the knowledge of the Colombian Batodesmini (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae) with the description of a new genus and species, and taxonomic insights on the genus Cormodesmus Chamberlin, 1923
Authors: ALVEAR SANTIAGO , ROMERO-RINCON JUAN
Published: October 2024

A new genus and species of chelodesmid millipedes, Caucadesmus lucreciae gen. et sp. nov., is described from Popayán, Cauca Department, Colombia. This genus is classified within the Alocodesmus group of the tribe Batodesmini. Additionally, the taxonomic position of Cormodesmus Chamberlin, 1923, within Batodesmini, is revised based on newly collected material from the type locality of Cormodesmus hirrutellus Chamberlin, 1923.
Diagnostic accuracy of bone marrow blood evaluation in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis paediatric patients
Authors: Caravaggi Elisa , Serana Federico , Carini Mattia , Ferrari Fabiana , Tregambe Daniela , Micheletti Moira , Martellosio Giovanni , Brugnoni Duilio , Bresciani Roberto , Biasiotto Giorgio
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and serious immunological syndrome that involves a strong activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and macrophages. HLH determines a cytokine-mediated tissue injury with a contemporary multi-organ failure and a high fatality rate.

Material and methods

A retrospective study was performed considering the medical records of paediatric patients who underwent a bone marrow aspirate for suspect HLH. The biomarkers evaluated were among those included in the HLH-2004. Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) was also evaluated. Haemophagocytosis was evaluated in bone marrow blood smear slides.

Results

Enrolled were 11 patients included in the HLH group and 8 patients as controls. Haemoglobin and fibrinogen resulted lower in HLH patients than in controls, while blood triglycerides, serum ferritin and LD resulted increased. Blood triglycerides and fibrinogen discriminated HLH cases perfectly, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Ferritin had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 83% (cut off ≥3,721 µg/L) and LD of 73% and of 100% (the cut off ≥1,903 U/L). Haemoglobin was found to have a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 100% (cut off ≤ 96 g/L). Total haemophagocytes cell counts were not different between patients and controls. Only the increased number of phagocytized nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) was found to be significantly increased in the patients. Erythrocytes phagocytosis (≥4/1,000 cells) only tended towards significance.

Conclusions

The blood biomarkers showed better diagnostic performance than the morphological evaluation. Among the different cell lineages engulfed by haemophagocytes, the best diagnostic performance was obtained by phagocytosed mature erythrocytes and immature nucleated erythrocytes.
Underestimating the Relationship: Unpacking Both Socioeconomic Resources and Cognitive Function and Decline in Midlife to Later Life
Authors: Herd Pamela , Walsemann Katrina M.
Published: October 2024

Although there is robust evidence that socioeconomic position influences later-life cognitive function, two issues limit knowledge regarding the nature and magnitude of these relationships and potential policy interventions. First, most social science research tends to treat cognition as a unitary concept despite evidence that cognitive outcomes are not interchangeable. Second, most biomedical research focuses exclusively on education, with limited attention to economic resources despite robust social science theoretical and empirical rationales for their role. Relatedly, there has been limited attention to how these relationships may vary across cohorts, even as educational and economic contexts have changed. Using the Health and Retirement Study (N = 36,494), we show that failing to attend to different facets of cognition, socioeconomic resources, and cohort differences leads to underestimates in the magnitude of educational and economic disparities in cognitive function and decline. This has important implications for appropriate policy interventions to address these disparities.
Retrofitting heat networks to maximise performance and enable low carbon technologies
Authors: Reynolds Mark , Adamson Jake
Published: October 2024

Retrofitting heat networks will play a major role in improving building performance and facilitating a net zero environment by 2050. A 94-dwelling social housing development based in the UK, was operating a heat network and experiencing significant issues with overheating, resident discomfort, and poor network efficiency. An Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system was installed to baseline network performance and identify improvement opportunities. The data revealed the network was operating with a 74/66 °C temperature profile, and that the total network losses exceeded 1000 W/dwelling. This paper sets out the detailed methodology and considerations in retrofitting the heat network to enable future connections to low carbon heat sources such as heat pumps or low temperature district heating. Quality assurance was undertaken during the design, install and commissioning stages to facilitate the project’s success and hit key milestones. At present, the operating temperatures have been reduced to a 55/37 °C flow and return temperature, enabling a gas consumption reduction of 38% and network heat loss reduction of over 90%, with heat losses currently at 56 W/dwelling. This data driven approach to retrofitting has simultaneously improved resident comfort, reduced heat costs and enabled a straightforward connection to low carbon heat sources when available.

Practical Application: This paper outlines the interdependencies of typical issues on existing heat networks and the effect of these issues on operational performance, cost, carbon emissions and resident satisfaction. A methodology is given which outlines the importance of maximising heat network performance prior to moving to low carbon heat sources. The results of carrying out this methodology on an existing heat network act as an example to the industry showing that the 100 W/dwelling heat loss target in CIBSE CP1: heat networks code of practice can not only be achieved, but significantly improved upon in existing buildings.
Let the Music Play: Live Music Fosters Collective Effervescence and Leads to Lasting Positive Outcomes
Authors: Koefler Nicole , Naidu Esha , Gabriel Shira , Schneider Veronica , Pascuzzi Gabriela S. , Paravati Elaine
Published: October 2024

This work examined the power of live music events to enhance wellbeing through collective effervescence (CE)—the sense of sacredness and connection felt when in large groups. Four studies ( N = 789) using both university and community samples examined the relationship between live music events and CE and how this relationship contributes to positive, lasting outcomes. Results suggest that CE is highly related to positive outcomes associated with attending live music events. CE uniquely predicted meaning in life and enjoyment during the event above and beyond related constructs. Feeling CE was also related to greater meaning in life during the event and continued happiness a week after live music events. Further, CE mediated effects between various elements of live music events (e.g., parasocial bonds with the artist) and positive lasting outcomes. In summary, CE plays a key role in the lasting wellbeing that follows live music events.
Young adults’ perceptions of entertainment consumption in their everyday lives during the COVID-19 pandemic: Negotiating versatility, emotions, and agency in times of limited choice
Authors: Ganter Sarah Anne
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we analyze and link (limited) versatility, emotionality, and agency in young adults’ pandemic entertainment consumption patterns. Pre-pandemic studies based their conceptualizations on an abundance context, where limited-time perceptions led to versatile and ideologically informed consumption decisions linked to overwhelmingly positive emotions, emphasizing free choice and convenience. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions provide a deep context of limited choice and unlimited-time perceptions, an unusual situation described by Christian Fuchs as the radicalization of time, space, and sociality. In this context, entertainment consumption played a central role in ordering complex realities, making sense of self and society, regaining control, and exercising agency in young adults’ everyday lives. Based on 86 self-reflective accounts, we argue that pandemic consumption versatility is not a given and suggest a complexified idea of entertainment consumption as versatile. Young adults often accept and indulge in rigid habitual patterns, emphasizing negative emotions to create coherence during confusing and pessimistic times, while others see versatility as embracing the inconvenient if it is safe to do so and allowed, as they link versatility to regaining control over their everyday lives and making sense of what, for others, feels like a waste of time.
Collaborative composing with inclusive music ensembles: What attitude, knowledge and skills do composers need?
Authors: Bremmer Melissa , Schuijer Michiel
Published: October 2024

Traditionally, composers create music individually and autonomously. The egalitarian relationships in inclusive music ensembles, with their blend of conventional and technological music instruments and their focus on collaborative composing processes, however, might challenge professional composers to work differently. This begs the question: Which attitude, knowledge, and skills do composers need to compose collaboratively with inclusive music ensembles? To answer this question, we set up a qualitative survey study in which participants of the project Collaborative Composing with Inclusive Ensembles at the Amsterdam Conservatoire were interviewed or completed an online questionnaire. The data were analysed thematically. Findings exemplified that composers need to develop attitudes, knowledge, and skills in both the social and musical domains. From a social perspective, they need to work from a sense of equity, develop an understanding of the construct of inclusion and draw on pedagogical skills. From a musical perspective, composers need to develop an open attitude towards collaborative composing, a broad understanding of the concept of music, and digital sound production skills. Integrating these attitudes, knowledge, and skills can bring about a shift from composing for instruments to composing with people.
Toward Visibility: Using the Swedish Gender-Inclusive Pronoun Hen Increases Gender Categorization of Androgynous Faces as Nonbinary
Authors: van Berlekom Elli , Sczesny Sabine , Sendén Marie Gustafsson
Published: October 2024

Nonbinary people face invisibility and misrecognition. This research investigated how the use of the Swedish gender-inclusive neopronoun hen influenced the gender categorization of faces beyond the binary. In a between-subjects design, participants ( N = 368) were instructed to use the gender-inclusive neopronoun hen, the binary masculine pronoun han (he), or no pronoun in a writing task. Then, they categorized androgynous morphed faces by selecting one of four response options (“woman,” “man,” “nonbinary,” or “I don't know”). Altogether, the results indicated that few participants responded “I don't know,” indicating that categorizing gender by appearance is common. As expected, the use of the gender-inclusive pronoun increased nonbinary categorizations, whereas the use of the masculine pronoun did not increase man categorizations, documenting that gender-inclusive pronouns increase the visibility of nonbinary people. Gender binary beliefs were associated with less nonbinary categorization. The discussion outlines how these findings can inform social policymaking.
Feasibility of thin-slice, low noise images created using multi-kernel synthesis to replace multiple image series in head CT
Authors: Inoue Akitoshi , Diehn Felix E , Nagelschneider Alex A , Passe Theodore J , DeLone David R , Nelson Brandon J , Gomez Cardona Daniel G , Huber Nathan R , Missert Andrew D , Yu Lifeng , Johnson Matthew P , Holmes David R , Lee Yong S , Thorne Jamison E , McCollough Cynthia H , Fletcher Joel G
Published: October 2024

Background

SynthesiZed Improved Resolution and Concurrent nOise reductioN (ZIRCON) is a multi-kernel synthesis method that creates a single series of thin-slice computed tomography (CT) images displaying low noise and high spatial resolution, increasing reader efficiency and minimizing partial volume averaging.

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic performance of a single set of ZIRCON images to two routine clinical image series using conventional CT head and bone reconstruction kernels for diagnosing intracranial findings and fractures in patients with trauma or suspected acute neurologic deficit.

Material and Methods

In total, 50 patients underwent clinically indicated head CT in the ER (15 normal, 35 abnormal cases). A non-reader neuroradiologist established the reference standard. Three neuroradiologists reviewed two routine clinical series (head and bone kernels) and a single ZIRCON series, detecting intracranial findings or fractures and rating confidence (0–100). Sensitivity, specificity, and jackknife free-response receiver operating characteristic (JAFROC) figure of merit (FOM) were compared (limit of non-inferiority: −0.10).

Results

ZIRCON and conventional images demonstrated comparable performance for fractures (sensitivity: 51.5% vs. 54.5%; specificity: 40.2% vs. 34.2%) and intracranial findings (sensitivity: 88.2% vs. 91.4%; specificity: 77.2% vs. 73.7%).The estimated difference of JAFROC FOM demonstrated ZIRCON non-inferiority for acute pathologies overall (0.003 [95% CI=−0.051–0.057]) and fractures (0.048 [95% CI=−0.050–0.145]) but not for intracranial findings alone (−0.024 [95% CI=−0.100–0.052]).

Conclusion

Thin-slice, low noise, and high spatial resolution images can be created to display intracranial findings and fractures replacing multiple images series in head CT with similar performance. Future studies in more patients and further algorithmic development are warranted.
ANODYNE study: A double-blind randomized trial of greater occipital nerve block of methylprednisolone and lignocaine versus placebo as a transitional preventive treatment for episodic cluster headache
Authors: Chowdhury Debashish , Kordcal Sanjay Rao , Nagane Rahul , Duggal Ashish
Published: October 2024

Background

There is inadequate evidence of the efficacy of greater occipital nerve block (GONB) for the preventive treatment of cluster headaches. We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of GONB injections as a transitional preventive treatment for episodic cluster headaches (ECH).

Methods

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial conducted at GB Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India, included ECH patients diagnosed by ICHD-3 criteria, aged 18–65, with one or more attacks per 24 h for seven days before randomization (baseline). ECH patients were either not on preventive medications or on stable doses for at least three months. ECH patients were randomized to receive active GONB (2 ml methylprednisolone (80 mg) and 2 ml lignocaine (2%)) and placebo (4 ml saline injections). Before giving GONB, lignocaine jelly was applied topically to mask the effect of numbness following the GONB. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change in weekly attack frequency from baseline to Week 4. Efficacy analyses were performed in a modified intention-to-treat population that included all patients who received at least one injection of GONB and had a follow-up for one week following GONB. The safety analysis included treatment-emergent adverse effects (TEAE) in all patients who received at least one dose of investigational product. The trial was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2021/21/038397).

Results

Forty ECH patients were randomized between December 2021 and January 2023. Thirty-nine patients (19 in the active and 20 in the placebo groups) were available for efficacy analysis. The change in weekly attack frequency from baseline to Week 4 was −11.1 (95% CI: −8.5 to −4.4) for the active group compared to −7.7 (95% CI: −11.8 to −9.8) for placebo (mean difference −3.4 (95% CI: −5.2 to −1.7, p < 0.001). We noted TEAE in 18 (90%) of 20 patients who received the active drug and in 18 (90%) of 20 patients who received a placebo ( p = 0.38). The common TEAE were local site bleeding and pain, which were mild and transient. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusion

This study found that GONB with methylprednisolone and lignocaine significantly reduced the weekly attack frequency from baseline to Week 1 through Week 4 in ECH patients compared to a placebo. GONB was well tolerated.
Boosting machine learning algorithms for predicting the macroscopic material behavior of continuous fiber reinforced composite
Authors: Tariq Aiman , Polat Ayşe , Deliktaş Babür
Published: October 2024

Macroscopic mechanical properties of fibrous materials are often characterized by modeling their microscale behavior using micromechanical techniques. This process typically involves using a Representative Volume Element (RVE) and finite element simulations to obtain the macroscopic behavior through homogenization. However, these micromechanical simulations can be computationally demanding, especially for 3D models with discrete material microstructures. This paper uses boosting machine learning algorithms to predict the homogenized macroscopic material behavior of heterogeneous composites. These models are trained on the micromechanical simulation results generated by varying the constitutive parameters of local phases and microscopic parameters such as fiber volume fraction. The Bayesian optimization is used to determine the best hyperparameters of the considered boosting models, which include adaptive boosting (AdaB), gradient boosting (GBR), light gradient boosting (LGB), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB). The performances of trained models are assessed using various metrics such as R2, MAE, MAPE, and RMSE and using various plots such as scatter plots, Taylor plots, radar plots, and bar plots. The comparative assessment showed that all the models predicted the homogenized stiffness matrix of the RVE successfully, with R2 values between 0.94 and 0.99. The XGB model presented the best overall performance. This work contributes to the field of composites by presenting a new and computationally efficient approach to predict the macroscopic behavior of RVEs using boosting models.
Influence of silicon carbide/carbon black on the mechanical properties and cure characteristics of SBR/BR blends
Authors: Rasouli Sajad , Zabihi Amirreza , Fasihi Mohammad , Sharifianjazi Fariborz
Published: October 2024

The styrene-butadiene/butadiene-rubber blend was filled with silicon carbide (SiC) and carbon black (CB) and the impact of them on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of the blend was investigated. The results showed adding 12 phr SiC and 30 phr CB enhanced the tensile strength, toughness, 100 and 200% modulus by ∼50%, 32%, 82%, and 86%, respectively. The incorporation of 12 phr SiC resulted in a reduction of ∼25% of the compression set. The SiC accelerated the curing reaction by reducing the curing times, and the CB led to decrease in the scorch times. The composite consisting of 30 phr CB and 12 phr SiC exhibits promise as a good candidate (the most improved mechanical and physical properties and the fastest curing) for efficient tire tread manufacturing. Based on the scanning electron microscopy images with a magnification of 3.0 kx, the SiC amount of 12 phr (parts per hundred rubber) caused the filler particle to agglomerate. This issue reduced the filler performance – by decreasing the particle surface area per volume—resulting in weaker mechanical, compression, and rheological properties.
Exploring Indoor Home Environment Factors Influencing Fear of Falling: A Systematic Review
Authors: Parab Kaustubh V. , Arora Ashita , Kang Jaewon , Mahajan Harshal P.
Published: October 2024

In-home falls and fear of falling (FOF) are significant concerns among older adults and people with disabilities (PwD), impacting independence in daily lives. The indoor home environment (IHE) plays an important role in influencing FOF, as it is influenced by barriers and facilitators within the home. This systematic review provides an evidence-based list of IHE factors and investigates their association with FOF, especially in older adults, PwD, and wheelchair users. Examining 24 studies, we found associations between IHE factors and FOF, suggesting the importance of home modifications to live in a supportive environment to reduce FOF. Most studies were experimental and intervened for either single or multiple IHE factors, indicating reasonably strong evidence. Our findings highlight the importance of considering psychological factors when evaluating home environments to reduce FOF. The list of barriers and facilitators we provide can help healthcare professionals conduct evidence-based home assessments.
Association Between Intrinsic Capacity and Hospital Admission Among Older Adults in the Emergency Department
Authors: Lin Chia-Hung , Tseng Chien-Chien , Shun Shiow-Ching , Chiou Piao-Yi , Lin Pei-Ying , Tsou Hsiu-Chen , Huang Hsien-Hao
Published: October 2024

This prospective cohort study assessed the impact of intrinsic capacity on hospital admissions among older adults after an Emergency Department (ED) visit. Assessing 1132 patients according to WHO’s Integrated Care for Older People guidelines between March 1 and August 30, 2022, we found that 784 (69.26%) were admitted. The admission group demonstrated significantly lower intrinsic capacity scores (mean ± SD, 2.92 ± 1.29) compared to the discharge group (3.44 ± 1.23; p < .001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that higher intrinsic capacity scores were associated with lower odds of admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71–0.92; p < .001). Notably, patients with malnutrition had significantly higher odds of admission (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 2.16–4.50; p < .001). These findings underscore the importance of integrating the intrinsic capacity assessment with traditional clinical indicators in the emergency care of older adults.
Understanding the long-term development of an irrigation network using a sinuosity-based automatic classification of waterways
Authors: Boon Maddy , Motta Davide , Massa Michele , Wainwright John , Lawrence Dan , Ayala Gianna
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the use of planform sinuosity as a metric to produce an automatic classification of waterways in the pre-modern and present-day irrigation networks in the Konya Plain in south-central Türkiye. Results show that such automatic classification may replace a time-consuming manual classification or provide a preliminary classification for subsequent manual refinement, depending on the number of classification categories used, the distribution of sinuosity across the network, and the degree of human modification. They also show that sinuosity thresholds for classification are area- and time-specific. Sinuosity is then used to quantify and interpret network changes in planform alignment and expansion and to identify long-term trends and areas of landscape modification. Results reveal a general pattern of decreasing sinuosity over time in the Konya Plain, indicating a continual human intervention, with areas where the present-day network was built upon the old Ottoman system. The methods presented in this investigation may be applicable to other studies of irrigation-network evolution and impact on landscape and can be used in conjunction with archeological and historical analysis.
Phytochemical Analysis and Pharmacological Actives of Essential Oils Extracted from Leaves of Juniperus turbinata Guss
Authors: Chelouati Tarik , Lafraxo Soufyane , Moussaoui Abdelfattah El , Kamari Fatima El , Soulo Najoua , Barnossi Azeddin El , Chebaibi Mohamed , Nafidi Hiba-Allah , Bourhia Mohammed , Alsahli Abdulaziz Abdullah , Lyoussi Badiaa , Benjelloun Ahmed Samir
Published: October 2024

Background:

Juniperus turbinata Guss. is a medicinal mountain plant used by the Indigenous population in the traditional pharmacopeia.

Purpose

This study aimed at investigating the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial, antioxydant and hymolytic activities of Juniperus turbinata Guss. leaves extracts.

Materials and Methods

The essential oils of Juniperus turbinata Guss. (EOJL) leaves were extracted, and their phytochemical composition was characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). EOJL was evaluated for its anti-free radical (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) properties, as well as antibacterial, antifungal, and hemolytic activities.

Results

The chemical study showed that EOJL contains 14 chemicals, with a 99.98% identification rate. The most abundant compounds in EOJL are linalool (45%), borneol (12%), and cineole (11%). The EOJL exhibited a 50% inhibition concentration of DPPH radicals value of 23.56 ± 0.72 µg/mL (DPPH) for its antioxidant activity, an effective concentration equivalent of 0.50 nm value of 239.08 ± 5.13 µg/mL (FRAP), and a total antioxidant activity of 735.03 ± 21.25 µg AAE/mg (TAC). The antibacterial efficacy of EOJL on a solid substrate demonstrated a range of 10–15 mm in diameter for bacterial strains, 14.33 ± 1.15 mm for C. albicans, and 56.68 ± 1.19% for Fusarium oxysporum. The bacterial strains exhibited a minimum concentration range of 6.15–11.26 µg/mL on the solid medium, whereas the range for the strains was between 5.11 and 10.23 µg/mL. The molecular docking analysis demonstrated that terpineol has potent antioxidant activity against NADPH oxidase, as shown by a shift score of –4.055 kcal mol–1. Eugenol also showed significant antioxidant activity with a shift value of –4.003 kcal mol–1. Camphor exhibited significant efficacy against S. aureus nucleoside diphosphate kinase, as demonstrated by a slip score of –5.156 kcal mol–1.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the significance of EOJL as a natural antioxidant and its antibacterial potential against pathogenic strains that are therapeutically relevant.
Therapeutics Effects of the Genus Citrus in Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Kaur Hardeep , Kaushik Ujjwal , Choudhary Neeraj
Published: October 2024

Background

Anxiety and mood disorders are among the mental health diseases that have exponentially increased in prevalence owing to the hectic and stressful lifestyle. In addition to negatively impacting people’s physical health, this has resulted in a major psychological, social, and financial burden. A lot of emphasis has been placed on dietary and lifestyle modifications in the ongoing search for medication-free treatments. Investigating the connection between the consumption of specific fruits and vegetables and mental health issues such as depression has produced some intriguing and occasionally encouraging results. The genus Citrus with over 1300 species of plants is enriched with a plethora of polyphenolic compounds on the one hand and multicomponent volatile oil content on the other hand.

Purpose

The current work is centered on examining the range of phytoconstituents found in various citrus species—both underutilized and utilized—as promising avenues for future anxiolytic research. The work also details the proposed pharmacological mechanisms of isolated components and clinical trial advancements of selected citrus species.

Methodology

Various databases, including PubMed and ScienceDirect, were used to search and collect relevant literature published in the past 10 years (2014–2024). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria recommended for drafting methodical reviews were followed.

Results

Initially, 1791 articles were collected through an electronic database search, irrelevant titles/abstracts (1449) and other types of articles (05) were excluded. Out of 342 assessed reports, 187 duplicate articles were excluded. Finally, list of 67 articles was included in this narrative review.

Conclusion

Although research and development, as well as the commercial use of several citrus varieties, have attracted some interest recently, analyzing neglected citrus species closely can help to improve their processing into well-known anxiolytic leads by revealing their untapped potential. The work emphasizes the extensive exploration of underutilized citrus species, which have a rich bioactive pro file and enormous potential in pharmaceutical research and development.
Attending to Power: Stakeholder Perspectives on Training Physicians to Address Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Cavanagh Alice , Kimber Melissa , MacMillan Harriet L. , Ritz Stacey A. , Vanstone Meredith
Published: October 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with a wide range of mental and physical health concerns. Research suggests that many physicians lack knowledge and skills to adequately respond to patients experiencing IPV. In order to better integrate physicians’ contributions into intersectoral responses to IPV, we asked stakeholders with expertise and experience related to IPV about the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors they wanted them to have. Guided by principles of interpretive description, and using a key informant method, we conducted unstructured interviews with 18 stakeholders in IPV-related frontline, managerial, or policy roles in Ontario, Canada. Data collection and analysis proceeded iteratively through 2022; “thoughtful practitioners” outside the research team were recruited at key junctures to provide feedback on formative findings. Stakeholders suggested that “attending to power” should be a core principle for medical practice related to IPV. Attending to power encompassed understanding interactional, organizational, and structural power dynamics related to IPV and purposefully engaging with power, by taking action to empower people subjected to violence. Specific recommendations for practice concerned four focal contexts: relationships between partners, between patients and providers, between providers, and in social systems and structures. Strengthening physicians’ capacity to attend to power dynamics relevant to their IPV practice is an important step in both improving medical care for people experiencing IPV and integrating physician contributions into other services and supports.
Critical Approaches for Reforming Sports Talent Development in Tanzanian Secondary Schools
Authors: Simwanza Alfa , Paul Asish
Published: October 2024

This study provides insights regarding the critical approaches for sports talent development. Data were collected in seven secondary schools in Tanzania through a survey completed by 427 participants. The findings revealed that for the successful reform of the development of sports talent, games and sports performance assessment tools, training and visits, early investment in focused intensive training, and examining the developmental trajectories of students should be used in secondary schools. The findings imply that the type of approach applied determines how sports talent develops. As a result, secondary schools ought to be creative enough to employ approaches that consider the needs of the school and the surrounding circumstances when developing sports talent. The study concludes that the government should hire more sports teachers as well as deploy material resources to strengthen the process of developing sports talent. Additionally, school administrators should work closely with the community to improve access to resources.