bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Hydrostatic Bearing: Research and Analysis
Authors: Liu Xianli , Yang Xiaodong , Liu Weifeng , Liu Hongbo , Zeng Lin
Published: June 2021

Background:

As a kind of sliding bearing with liquid as a lubricant, Hydrostatic journal
bearing can be shown from tribology, mechanics, optimization method and structural design in engineering
practice. Hydrostatic bearing characterized by high precision, high rigidity, and long life
has drawn people's attention and been widely adopted. As progress has been made in science and
technology, people will have a better understanding of the principles and characteristics of the hydrostatic
journal bearing.

Objective:

The development of hydrostatic bearing in recent years is studied and analyzed.

Methods:

More than 70 recently published patents and journal and conference papers related to the
developments in air traffic flow management are reviewed, and the outcomes in temperature field,
pressure field, deformation, lubrication, bearing capacity and friction are studied.

Results:

Through these research results, the current research status of hydrostatic bearings is summarized,
and the three aspects of flow field characteristics, lubrication characteristics and tribology
are explained, and solutions and feasibility measures for existing outstanding problems in each aspect
are mentioned.

Conclusion:

Based on this article, the design and optimization of hydrostatic bearings are of guiding
significance. Finally, the current problems and challenges of hydrostatic bearings are analyzed, and
future research directions and research priorities are prospected.
VR Technology and International Business Negotiation Teaching
Authors: Mao Fanyu
Published: June 2021

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, technological products not only bring convenience to people’s lives, but also bring great benefits to education. The emergence of VR technology is a major milestone in the history of human development. This article starts with the theoretical basis of Virtual Reality technology in teaching application, analyzes the characteristics of VR technology, summarizes the problems existing in negotiation teaching, and finally discusses the advantages of VR technology to the teaching of International Business Negotiation courses.
Convergence analysis for combination of equilibrium problems and k-nonspreading multi-valued mappings
Authors: Khan Suhel Ahmad , Kazmi Kaleem Raza , Cholamjiak Watcharaporn , Dutta Hemen
Published: June 2021

We prove a strong convergence theorem for finding a common solution of a combination of equilibrium problems and the set of fixed points of a k-nonspreading multi-valued mapping by using shrinking projection hybrid method. Further, we give a numerical example to justify our main result and compare the shrinking areas of solution set after randomization.
Spatial Pattern of Tourism Destination Areas on Bintan Island, Riau
Authors: Nadjmi Nurul
Published: June 2021

One of the islands in the Riau Islands is Bintan, which is an island that has the capital of the Riau Islands Province, namely Tanjung Pinang. Bintan Island has a strategic location and abundant tourism objects, and one of the uniqueness of the tourism destination area on Bintan Island is the existence of a private or closed tourism destination area that allows tourists to enjoy their vacation without any outside interference or local residents' activities. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze in depth about the spatial patterns of tourism destination areas in Bintan Island, Riau Islands. The scope of research in this discussion is focused on the spatial pattern of tourism destination areas located on Bintan Island, especially on private tourism areas. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. This research is conditioned as qualitative research through a case study strategy. The system approach used is also a descriptive analytic approach. Make direct observations, collect data and then relate it to the study of the theories used. Based on the results of a survey I conducted on Bintan Island, Riau, the distribution of tourist destination areas on Bintan Island is almost evenly distributed in every district in Bintan Island, there is a pattern of distribution related to tourism activities that is influenced by the attraction held by each destination area on the island.
Kinerja Dinas Pariwisata Dalam Melakukan Pengawasan Terhadap Jasa Akomodasi Pariwisata Villa Di Kabupaten Badung
Authors: Aryani Gusti Ayu Putu Dina , Yasintha Putu Nomy , Wijaya Komang Adi Sastra
Published: June 2021

The rapid development of tourism in Badung Regency has caused it provision of tourism accommodation has increased particularly in villa accommodation. However, there are villas that are already operating but do not have business legality, therefore it is necessary to carry out strict supervision to prevent violations. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the Tourism Office in Supervising of Villa Tourism Accommodation in Badung Regency. The theory used is Mahsun's Theory of Performance which includes Input, Process, Output, Outcome, Benefit, and Impact. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation study. The results showed that the Performance of the Tourism Office in Supervision of Villa Tourism Accommodation has been running well but has not been optimal because there are still obstacles, namely limited human resources, narrow monitoring targets and the absence of strict sanctions given.
Analisis Keterlibatan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat dalam Program Hutan Kemasyarakatan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Muttaqin M. Zaenul
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to analyze the involvement of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) of forestry policy frame with focus on the Community Forestry program in West Nusa Tenggara. The method in this study is using literature studies. The Data sources uses secondary data such as documents, legislation, articles and books containing the participation of NGOs in forestry programs. In the implementation of the HKm’s program is to realize democratization that is very strategic. It is because NGOs as a representation the needs and aspirations of people in forest areas. In the realm of policy, Forestry NGOs in NTB region synergized with all stakeholders that involved in the Community Forest program, ranging from formulation to evaluation. The involvement of NGOs in the community of HKm area is manifested by the assistance and business development of the community in the management of Non-Timber Forest Products (HHBK).  Monitoring and evaluation efforts as a basis for government policy advocacy to fit the community context is a form of NGO participation in forestry policy.  However, as an independent organization, NGOs rely on the availability of fund in handling the empowerment program.
Inpatient Facility Distribution and Primary Healthcare Centers Demand Based on Location-Quotient in Bali within 2015-2019 Period
Authors: Hegard Sukmawati (Scopus ID: 57189732715) Ni Made
Published: June 2021

The study of access to primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in the middle region of Indonesia, including Bali, is scarce. A study on primary healthcare access is worth undertaken in this region because it is usually given less attention regarding its fair distribution of healthcare facilities in relation to their population. This study aimed at determining geographical distribution and concentration of PHCs facility and demand in Bali Province. This study focused on the inpatient facility and demand of PHCs in relation to population. Data of PHCs’ inpatient facility and demand of each regency/city and population data were obtained from Bali Health Profile of 2015 to 2019. Location quotients (LQ) of inpatient facility and inpatient demand for each regency/city were calculated to determine the spatial concentration of the two variables compared to the provincial average. Our study found that there was variation in facility and demand for inpatient care in PHCs in Bali. A low level of inpatient facility and demand was seen in Regency of Buleleng, Denpasar, and Gianyar, while a high level of facility and demand for inpatient facility was observed in Regency of Jembrana, Tabanan, Klungkung, and Karangasem. A unique finding was also noticed in Bangli Regency, where the inpatient facility of PHC was high, while the inpatient demand was low. This might indicate a need for evaluation of the inpatient facility of PHC in this Regency.

Keywords: Access to healthcare, Bali, inpatient care, puskesmas, primary healthcare centers.
System Development for Liquid Chemicals Point Injection Based on Convolutional Neural Network Models
Authors: Semenyuk V. S. , Nikitin E. A.
Published: June 2021

The authors showed that one of the reasons for the yield loss is poor-quality determination of the infection degree of agricultural crops by pathogens. They proposed a system of liquid chemicals point application. They identified the possibility of calculating the required amount of fertilizers and protective equipment. (Research purpose) To develop a system of liquid chemicals point application for plant protection and nutrition based on a convolutional neural network model. (Materials and methods) The authors analyzed the existing methods of machine learning. When developing the system, they used the U-net-algorithm of convolutional neural networks, as well as data displaying diseases of winter and spring wheat – brown rust and powdery mildew. Each image was cropped by hand and marked up using a specialized Python library. In the course of applying the architecture, the authors experimentally chose the optimal metrics (jaccard metric), the learning rate – 0.0001 seconds, the number of epochs – 300, and other indicators. (Results and discussion) The authors found that when a new, previously unavailable image was submitted to the algorithm, it recognized the disease in a few seconds and returned to the user not only the original image, but also a mask over it. The accuracy of applying the mask to the affected area was determined – 80 percent. They showed that the predicted error on the validation data was 0.18758. In practice, it could differ from the declared one by no more than 10-15 percent. The authors suggested using the algorithm with a vision system. (Conclusions) The authors showed that technical means imperfection for plants chemicalization increased the consumption up to 30 percent relative to the volume required for point application. They developed a neural network algorithm for identifying the affected areas of plants and proposed the concept of a point chemicals application in order to reduce the costs of processing crops. It was determined that the neural network was able to diagnose the affected areas of plants in 1 second.
Non­Destructive Testing of Growth Productivity
Authors: Grishin A. P. , Grishin A. A. , Semenova N. A.
Published: June 2021

The necessary condition for obtaining high yields is the management of plant production processes in closed artificial agroecosystems. It is important to control the intensity of these processes in a dynamic mode. (Research purpose) To develop a non-destructive method for controlling the plant productivity growth to create algorithms for controlling the plant production processes. (Materials and methods) The authors studied the dependence of plant productivity on leaf temperature. They determined the increase in plant leaf mass using digital scales, studied the leaf temperature and the control object with a pyrometric thermometer and measured the leaf surface area. (Results and discussion) The authors obtained the values of plant and environmental parameters and, taking into account the moisture consumption for transpiration cooling, determined the values of the lettuce leaf mass growth (Latuca sativa L.), which would be used in conjunction with other measured plant and environmental parameters to control the limiting factors in closed artificial agroecosystems. (Conclusions) The authors developed a non-destructive method to control plant productivity growth in climatic chambers using the example of Krasnyy Dubolistnyy lettuce. It was determined that the green mass growth rate had a maximum if the mass of cooling water during evaporation was 0.65 gram. That meant the plant tried to maximize the use of free energy and the productive factors that determined it. The weight values calculated from the experiment results (2.0 grams) corresponded to the data obtained at the Omsk State Agrarian University (1.9 gram) with an accuracy of 5 percent.
La helicicultura como alternativa de desarrollo sostenible: un estudio de caso
Authors: Colmenares-Florez Ricardo Alonso , Alcántara-Gutierrez María Esther
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo determinar los beneficios que ofrece la helicicultura en el ámbito internacional. Para ello, se presenta un estudio de caso que fue aplicado en el municipio de San Vicente Ferrer (Antioquia), siendo este un referente en el manejo que se le ha dado a la helicicultura como actividad económica. Para ello, a través de la aplicación de una metodología cualitativa, esta investigación empleó un procedimiento exploratorio y descriptivo, el cual plantea la comparación de los efectos obtenidos que aún no han sido descubiertos para el bienestar de la sociedad. El estudio de caso, partiendo desde la revisión documental en función de las variables estéticas, biológicas, económicas, sociales y ambientales, arrojó como resultado que los beneficios de la helicicultura transcienden más allá de la variable económica, siempre y cuando se adopte un modelo eficiente de producción. Finalmente, luego del análisis realizado, se concluyó que la actividad es poco conocida en el medio, que se requieren permisos y licencias sanitarias de buenas prácticas para la cría del molusco Helix aspersa máxima, pero sobre todo de un conocimiento, tanto del modelo de producción sostenible en función de lo que representa la inversión, la infraestructura, la capacitación, el estudio de factibilidad financiera y las acciones de desarrollo, así como del estatus global del mercado, esto con la intención de consolidar esfuerzos para potencializar el comercio exterior, aprovechando la demanda de este producto en el mercado europeo y anglosajón.
Editorial da Revista Porto Arte - nº 43 - 2020
Authors: Carvalho Ana Maria Albani de , Dalcol Francisco , Barachini Teresinha
Published: June 2021

Sem resumo.
Editorial da Revista Porto Arte - nº 44 - 2020
Authors: Bulhões Maria Amélia , Ribas Cristina Thorstenberg , Cobo-Guevara Paula , Barachini Teresinha
Published: June 2021

Editorial
La investigación sobre el uso de tecnologías digitales en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas: una revisión desde las memorias de los congresos en la última década
Authors: García-Rodríguez Martha Leticia , Ortíz-García Adrian Hary , Enriquez -Velazquez Jonathan
Published: June 2021

En este documento se presenta los resultados de una revisión documental realizada para responder a la pregunta ¿cuál ha sido la evolución de la investigación en relación con las tecnologías digitales para la enseñanza de las matemáticas? Para dar respuesta a la pregunta de investigación se utilizó el método de las Revisiones Sistemáticas (RS), método sistemático y explícito para localizar, seleccionar, sintetizar y valorar críticamente las investigaciones relevantes asociadas con la pregunta planteada, con el objetivo de alcanzar conclusiones válidas y objetivas sobre dicho tópico que ayuden a los interesados en el tema en la toma de decisiones. Se asume que con la emergencia y difusión de las tecnologías se han ido posicionando varias líneas de investigación: análisis de los cambios experimentados en el currículum de matemáticas como consecuencia de la difusión de las nuevas tecnologías; enseñanza de temas matemáticos en cursos de informática; diseño y uso de herramientas TIC como mediadores de procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en matemáticas y estudio del proceso educativo en matemáticas en entornos de aprendizaje basados en tecnología. De los resultados obtenidos en esta revisión, emergen nuevas líneas que requieren de investigación, que den respuesta a preguntas como ¿qué produjo el incremento que se observa en el año 2013 en el PME-NA, ¿esta esto relacionado con la promoción de alguna tecnología en particular? ¿son los eventos los que dirigen las líneas de investigación vigentes? O ¿son las líneas que dirigen las categorías en los eventos?
¿Incide el tiempo en la calidad educativa?: Un análisis sistemático de la literatura en Iberoamérica
Authors: Arroyo-Ruiz Adriana Patricia , Badillo-Guerra María Alejandra , Montes-Miranda Alexander
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo, tiene como propósito comprender y analizar la categoría de tiempo escolar y su incidencia en el aspecto social, académico, económico y político, a nivel iberoamericano. El cual aporta evidencia útil en la orientación de investigaciones que pretendan evaluar reformas educativas. A través de una revisión documental, se muestra que el uso eficiente del tiempo escolar incide en la calidad educativa, pero debe estar acompañado de otros factores sociales, pedagógicos y administrativos. Asimismo, que la efectividad del tiempo escolar está condicionada a los resultados de los estudiantes en pruebas estandarizadas, desconociendo otros elementos y actores del sistema educativo. Finalmente, es claro que si se quiere lograr la transformación del sistema, las reformas deben ser diseñadas en función del beneficio del estudiantado.
Implementation of educational technology for the development of computational thinking in fourth grade children in a public educational institution in Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez-Benito Andrea Jhoanna , Durán-Gómez Margarita
Published: June 2021

Statistics are becoming more and more important in the teaching of mathematics, being an essential part of the curricula and school environments, for which this project seeks to solve a problem that was detected in the Ciudad Verde educational institution and that is related to the prediction, interpretation and calculation of probabilities in fourth grade students. When carrying out an analysis, it was possible to show that it is necessary to strengthen these probabilistic knowledge that are fundamental in the learning processes of students and that in fact are part of the daily context; therefore, the purpose is to seek that children are able to function in the community and with the skills to take on the challenges of innovation and change demanded by today's society, where information and communication technologies have gained more and more relevance in the training of students. In this way, the project incorporates the tools Schoology, Scratch and the application of computational thinking with a STEAM model, which will support the pedagogical strategy to solve the problem with the students under study of the Educational Institution, the results of the research allow demonstrate the strengthening in problem solving in probability issues using computational thinking through Scratch.
Testimonios de guerra y paz. Una mirada desde las escuelas de la región del Catatumbo
Authors: Martínez-Guerrero Maricela , Rojas-Sánchez Diana Graciela , Villamizar-Jaimes Daniel
Published: June 2021

En Colombia el conflicto armado latente se ha caracterizado por las distintas formas de violencia, con particularidades propias de tiempo, contextos, actores y dinámicas que lo hacen aún más complejo y con una característica prominente, respecto a la vulneración de la dignidad y los derechos humanos especialmente contra la población civil. La Región del Catatumbo y sus habitantes han sufrido de cerca los efectos que ha dejado más de cinco décadas de violencia y que se espera que tras la firma del tratado de paz con el grupo guerrillero que tenía mayor influencia en la región, la situación hubiese cambiado para mejorar. Esta investigación recolecta las opiniones de un grupo de estudiantes pertenecientes a la Sede Filo de Palo, y docentes que laboran en la comunidad. Se desarrolla una investigación mixta en la que se utilizan la encuesta y la entrevista como instrumentos de recolección de datos. Los resultados permiten evidenciar en opinión de los informantes las afectaciones han sido muchas tanto a nivel individual como en la comunidad. En ellos se observa cierto pesimismo hacía un mejor futuro y se concluye que el proceso educativo es uno de los sectores que demanda mayor apoyo por parte de los entes territoriales para así ofrecer nuevas y mejores oportunidades de las que hoy día experimentan la comunidad académica.
Public space and citizenship: understanding from urban heterotopias
Authors: Rodríguez Jefferson Andrés , Gamboa-Suárez Audin Aloiso , Prada-Núñez Raúl
Published: June 2021

This article shows a reflection on the urban environment, its influence on people's emotions and behavior, and on the configuration of public space from the perspective of herotopias, understood as juxtaposed places that, when analyzed, determine social relationships based on the configuration of space in an internal logic of power and resistance which have a content of reason. Heterotopia also configures city construction and requires an understanding of the environment from its green areas, paved roads, pedestrians and public services that contribute to the quality of life of citizens.
La formación de profesionales de la educación y el cambio en las comunidades rurales a partir de la IAP
Authors: Carrera-Hernández Celia , Madrigal-Luna Josefina , Lara-García Yolanda Isaura
Published: June 2021

Las comunidades rurales viven problemáticas derivadas de una política económica antidemocrática que pone en desventaja a los grupos sociales más desfavorecidos, por ello, las instituciones de educación superior deben desarrollar en sus estudiantes herramientas que se dirijan al logro de cambios sociales orientados a la búsqueda de calidad de vida y bienestar de la población a partir de la Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP). El propósito de la investigación es analizar las problemáticas de las comunidades rurales y buscar soluciones a partir del desarrollo de la IAP en la práctica diaria de formación de los interventores educativos. Participaron 24 estudiantes, 15 líderes de la comunidad y 50 familias. Se fundamentó en la teoría del desarrollo comunitario. Se utilizó la encuesta, el taller investigativo y la entrevista, se identificaron necesidades y problemas organizados en grupos etáreos, se propuso un plan de acción que se implementará con el apoyo de instancias gubernamentales y se reflexionó sobre la influencia de la IAP en la formación como interventores educativos. Se encontró que la formación teórico metodológica de los universitarios para intervenir en comunidades rurales favorece el desarrollo de la conciencia social crítica de los estudiantes y la praxis de la investigación a partir de la reflexión pedagógica de los profesores, situación que impacta en la transformación e innovación curricular. Se concluye que la formación de profesionales de la educación orientada al cambio social demanda un proceso reflexivo pedagógico desde la praxis y la transformación social e individual así como el cambio en el currículo formal.
La Mortandad de las MiPyMEs en Colombia y México
Authors: Vázquez Roselia Lima , Avila Danae Duana
Published: June 2021

En el presente artículo se nutre de información obtenida en los medio de información oficial, así como de otras fuentes no primaria, esto con la finalidad de identificar el comportamiento de las MiPyMEs, tanto en México como en Colombia, particularmente en sus efectos respecto a la mortandad de las empresas o negocios que se identifican en ambas naciones, equiparando como una de la problemática más detonante, la falta de una administración financiera adecuada, lo cual indica que si se aplicara de manera eficiente, podrá disminuir de manera importante la deserción de estas, y se podrá fomentar de manera confiable su creación, desarrollo, consolidación, viabilidad, productividad, sostenibilidad, competitividad y sustentabilidad, incrementado su esperanza de vida, por ello, la intensión de identificar el comportamiento de las microempresas en estos dos países para localizar algunas factores que permitan disminuir y en su caso eliminar la mortandad de esta MiPyMEs.
Islamic corporate governance and financial statements fraud: A study of Islamic banks
Authors: Mukhibad Hasan , Jayanto Prabowo Yudo , Anisykurlillah Indah
Published: June 2021

Financial statement fraud (FSF) in Islamic banks is unethical because it generates incorrect information for the stakeholders (Anisykurlillah, Jayanto, Mukhibad, & Widyastuti, 2020; Obid & Demikha, 2011). We identify some institutional factors, specifically corporate governance, as factors that can control FSF. Using the sample of Islamic banks in Indonesia, we found that the attributes of the bank’s Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB), such as its expertise, the number of members, and the number of meetings it holds, can reduce FSF. Besides, the number of audit committee members, and the reputation of the external auditors, can also help control FSF. This research does not find any influence of the board of commissioners’ structure toward FSF. Another finding is that of the three SSB attributes used in this research, the most decisive influence for controlling FSF is each SSB’s expertise in accounting, finance, or economics. We suggest that every SSB should have experts in those fields to complement the expertise in Islamic legal fields.
The extracellular serine protease from Staphylococcus epidermidis elicits a type 2 immune response in atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Abdurrahman Goran , Pospich Rebecca , Steil Leif , Salazar Manuela Gesell , González Juan Izquierdo , Normann Nicole , Mrochen Daniel , Scharf Christian , Völker Uwe , Werfel Thomas , Böker Barbara , Roesner Lennart , Gascón Lidia Gomez
Published: June 2021

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin
disease caused by skin barrier defects and a misdirected type 2 immune
response against antigens. The skin microbiome in AD is characterised by
a reduction in microbial diversity with a dominance of staphylococci,
including Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). To assess whether
S. epidermidis antigens play a role in AD, we studied the immune
response against the extracellular serine protease (Esp). Methods: We
analyzed the binding of human IgG4 to S. epidermidis extracellular
proteins using immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. We then measured
serum antibodies specific for recombinant Esp by ELISA in healthy and AD
individuals. We also stimulated T cells from AD patients and control
subjects with Esp and measured the secreted cytokines. Finally, we
analyzed the proteolytic activity of Esp against IL-33 and determined
the cleavage sites by mass spectrometry. Results: We identified Esp as
the dominant IgG4-binding antigen of S. epidermidis. Esp-specific IgE
was present in human serum; AD patients had higher concentrations than
controls. The T cell response to Esp in healthy adults was characterized
by IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ, and IL-10, whereas the AD patients’ T cells
lacked IL-17 production and released only low amounts of IL-22, IFN-γ,
and IL-10. In contrast, Th2 cytokine release was higher in T cells from
AD patients than from healthy controls. Mature Esp cleaved and activated
the alarmin IL-33. Conclusions: Esp elicits type 2-biased response in AD
patients. This suggests that S. epidermidis can aggravate AD through the
allergenic properties of Esp.
Analytical representations of the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) associated with Hyporheic Exchange beneath Dune-like bedforms at different sediment bed depths
Authors: Monofy Ahmed , Boano Fulvio , Grant Stanley
Published: June 2021

The hyporheic exchange below dune-shaped bedforms has a great impact on
the stream environment. One of the most important properties of the
hyporheic zone is the residence time distribution (RTD) of flow paths in
the sediment domain. Here we evaluate the influence of an impervious
layer, at a dimensionless sediment depth of db*=2πdbλ where
λ is the dune wavelength, on the form of the hyporheic
exchange RTD. Empirical RTDs were generated, over a range of
db*values, from numerical particle tracking experiments
in which 10000 particles sinusoidally distributed over a
flatbed domain were released. These empirical RTDs are best represented
by the Gamma, Log-Normal and Fréchet distributions over normalized bed
depth of 0<=db*≤1.2,1.23.1,
respectively. The depth dependence of the analytical distribution
parameters is also presented, together with a set of regression formulae
to predict these parameters based on db*with a high
degree of accuracy (R2>99.8%). These results contribute to our
understanding of the physical and mixing processes underpinning
hyporheic exchange in streams and allow for a quick evaluation of its
likely impact on nutrient and contaminant processing (e.g., based on the
magnitude of the Damköhler number).

Keywords: Dunes, bedforms, residence times distribution,
sediment depth effect, Hyporheic residence times, analytical
representation, two parametric distributions, Damköhler Number.
Arthropod prey vary among orders in their nutrient and exoskeleton content
Authors: Reeves Jacob , Fuhlendorf Samuel , Davis Craig , Wilder Shawn
Published: June 2021

Insectivores gain macronutrients and elements from consuming arthropod
prey, but must also deal with indigestible components (i.e.,
exoskeleton) of prey. For example, avian chicks (e.g. northern
bobwhites; Colinus virginianus) have limited gut space, and ingesting
prey with relatively higher proportions of indigestible components may
impact assimilation efficiency, growth, and survival. The ability of
insectivores to choose higher quality prey would depend on prey taxa
varying consistently in nutritional content. We tested if there were
consistent differences among taxonomic orders of arthropod prey in their
macronutrient (protein and lipid), elemental (C and N), and exoskeleton
content. We used northern bobwhite chicks as our focal insectivore and
focused on their potential prey as a case study. We also tested the
influence of indigestible exoskeleton on the measurement of
macronutrient content and the ability of elemental content to predict
macronutrients. We found large and consistent variation in macronutrient
and elemental content within and between arthropod orders. Some orders
had consistently high protein content and low exoskeleton content (i.e.,
Araneae) and are likely higher quality prey for insectivores. Abundant
orders common in the diets of insectivores, like Hymenoptera and
Coleoptera, had high exoskeleton content and low protein content. We
also found support for the ability of elements to predict
macronutrients, and found that metabolizable (i.e. exoskeleton removed)
elemental content better predicted macronutrient content. A better
understanding of arthropod nutrient content is critical for elucidating
the role of spatial and temporal variation in prey communities in
shaping the growth and survival of insectivores.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Authors: Čiauškaitė Julija , Puleikytė Ieva , Jesmanas Simonas , Jurkevičienė Giedrė , Vaitkus Antanas , Rastenytė Daiva
Published: June 2021

Creutzfeldt – Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease
with complex clinical manifestations. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
(NMS) is a complication of antipsychotic medications which are used to
treat neuropsychiatric symptoms of CJD. We present a case of a
51-year-old woman with CJD who developed NMS after being prescribed
quetiapine.
State-trait anxiety condition and its affecting factors in pregnant women linked to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ozcan Handan , Elkoca Ayse , Yigitbas Cagla
Published: June 2021

Background and aim COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Wuhan, China in
December 2019, and caused a worldwide crisis by becoming a pandemic in a
short time. This study intends to address the COVID-19 pandemic process
with specific regard to pregnant women, aiming to determine their
state-trait anxiety levels. Methods The study has a quantitative design.
Ethical permissions were obtained, data were collected digitally, and
power analysis was performed for sample size. The sample size was
calculated as 656 pregnant women. In the collection of the data, the
Personal Information Form, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
were used. Results In our study, the majority of pregnant women (86.3%)
were concerned about the pandemic process, with more than half thinking
that their pregnancy (62.9%) and delivery processes would be affected
(66.2%). In the meantime, 60.2% of the pregnant women postponed their
health checks and they indicated being most concerned about their babies
(57.1%). In 51.2% of the pregnant women, the state anxiety levels were
low, and 89.8% of the trait anxiety levels were moderate. Conclusion In
crisis periods like the pandemic, pregnant women are among the priority
groups. Screening, prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of
affective disorders in the prenatal period are important for maternal
and fetal health. Keywords: COVID-19, pregnant, anxiety
Use of Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis) seeds by GPS-collared Grizzly Bears (Ursus arctos) in Banff National Park, Alberta
Authors: Hamer David
Published: June 2021

Seeds of Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis) are a major food for Grizzly Bears (Ursus arctos) in the Yellowstone ecosystem. In Canada, Grizzly Bears are known to eat Whitebark Pine seeds, but little additional information, such as the extent of such use and habitat characteristics of feeding sites, is available. Because Grizzly Bears almost always obtain Whitebark Pine seeds by excavating cones from persistent caching sites (middens) made by Red Squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), it is possible to infer Whitebark Pine feeding when bears are located near excavated middens in Whitebark Pine stands. During 2013–2018, I conducted a retrospective study in Banff National Park using data from 23 Grizzly Bears equipped by Parks Canada staff with global positioning system (GPS) collars. My objectives were to use GPS fixes to determine the percentage of these bears that had been located in close proximity to excavated middens containing Whitebark Pine seeds and to describe the habitat at these excavated middens. I linked 15 bears (65%) to excavated middens and, by inference, consumption of Whitebark Pine seeds. Excavated middens occurred on high-elevation (mean 2103 ± 101 [SD] m), steep (mean 26° ± 8°) slopes facing mostly (96%) north through west (0–270°). Use of Whitebark Pine seeds by at least 65% of the 23 studied Grizzly Bears suggests that conservation of Whitebark Pine in Banff National Park would concomitantly benefit the at-risk population of Grizzly Bears.
Loon abundance and behaviour over four decades at a remote ecological reserve on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Reimchen Thomas , Douglas Sheila
Published: June 2021

Early studies (1976–1982) of the Drizzle Lake Ecological Reserve on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia focussed on the endemic Giant Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and their predators. These surveys showed daily visits to the small lake (110 ha) by up to 59 adult non-breeding Common Loon (Gavia immer), an important stickleback predator and up to 19 breeding and non-breeding adult Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata), which leave daily to forage in nearby marine waters. We continued loon surveys for 17 additional years (1983–1989, 2011–2020) and found that aggregations of non-breeding Common Loons occurred annually on the lake during July with maximum daily numbers of 78–83 individuals in 1987, 2018, and 2020 and a large increase from 2011 to 2020. We did not detect any relationship of these differences with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation but a significant inverse correlation with average wind speed. Average yearly numbers of Red-throated Loons declined by 50% from 1976 to 1989 and have remained low, with lowest numbers (<2) occurring in 2017. Two Red-throated Loon nesting territories on the lake were occupied from 1976 to 1995, with chicks occurring in 24 of 36 nests, but no successful nesting was observed on the lake over the last decade. The relative decline of Red-throated Loon in this reserve is similar to that reported in Arctic and Subarctic surveys of the species in the north Pacific and northern Europe. We discuss the implications for the evolutionary ecology of the sticklebacks and the conservation of the ecological reserve.
Applying CRISPR Screen in Diabetes Research
Authors: Yi Peng , Morrow Noelle
Published: June 2021

The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system has been one of the greatest scientific discoveries in the last decade. The highly efficient and precise editing ability of this technology is of great therapeutic value and benefits the basic sciences as an advantageous research tool. In recent years, forward genetic screens using CRISPR technology have been widely adopted, with genome-wide or pathway-focused screens leading to important and novel discoveries. CRISPR screens have been used primarily in cancer biology, virology, and basic cell biology, but they have rarely been applied to diabetes research. A potential reason for this is that diabetes-related research can be more complicated, often involving cross talk between multiple organs or cell types. Nevertheless, many questions can still be reduced to the study of a single cell type if assays are carefully designed. Here we review the application of CRISPR screen technology and provide perspective on how it can be used in diabetes research.
Increased Risk of Incident Heart Failure and Death Is Associated With Insulin Resistance in People With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: UKPDS 89
Authors: Wamil Malgorzata , Coleman Ruth L. , Adler Amanda I. , McMurray John J.V. , Holman Rury R.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

Insulin resistance (IR) may mediate heart failure (HF) development. We examined whether IR in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) increased their risk of a composite outcome of HF or death or of HF alone.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) values for UKPDS participants were derived from paired fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin measures. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable survival models were used to evaluate associations between HOMA2-IR and HF/death or HF alone. We adjusted for potential confounders by including variables with univariate associations (P < 0.1) and by requiring a multivariable P < 0.05.

RESULTS

Of 5,102 UKPDS participants with newly diagnosed T2D, 4,344 had HOMA2-IR measurements. At enrollment, mean (SD) age was 52.5 (8.7) years, with HbA1c 7.2% (1.8%), and BMI 28.8 (5.5) kg/m2, and median (interquartile range) HOMA2-IR was 1.6 (1.1–2.2). HF/death occurred in 1,974 (45.4%) participants (235 first HF events, 1,739 deaths) over a median follow-up of 16.4 years. Multivariable independent associations with HF/death were older age and higher BMI, HOMA2-IR, FPG, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and heart rate as well as sex, race, smoking status, prior atrial fibrillation, and prior microalbuminuria. A doubling of HOMA2-IR was associated with a 5% greater risk of HF/death (relative risk [RR] 1.05 [95% CI 1.01–1.12], P = 0.0029) and a 14% greater risk of HF (RR 1.14, [95% CI 1.02–1.27], P = 0.017).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with newly diagnosed T2D and insulin resistance were more likely to develop HF or die than those more sensitive to insulin.
Presence and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes of Long Duration: The FinnDiane 50 Years of Diabetes Study
Authors: Harjutsalo Valma , Barlovic Drazenka Pongrac , Gordin Daniel , Forsblom Carol , King George , Groop Per-Henrik , Group the FinnDiane Study
Published: June 2021

Objective

The
aim of this study was to determine the incidence of cardiovascular disease
(CVD) and mortality as well as their risk factors in type 1 diabetes (T1D) with
more than 50-years duration.

Methods

From 5,396 individuals included in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy
Study, 729 diagnosed in 1967 or earlier survived with T1D for more than 50
years. In this FinnDiane 50-year cohort, cumulative incidence of CVD events was
assessed from the diagnosis of diabetes, and the excess CVD risk, compared to
matched 12,710 individuals without diabetes,
was calculated by Fine and Gray’s method. In addition, at
the baseline visit (median duration of diabetes of 39 years) risk factors for different types of CVD
(both non-fatal and fatal) and mortality were analyzed and cause-specific
hazard ratios were estimated during a median follow-up of 16.6 years from the
baseline visit.

Results

In individuals with diabetes duration of more than 50 years, the
60-year cumulative incidence of CVD from the diagnosis of diabetes was 64.3% (62.5-66.0).
Compared to individuals without diabetes,
the standardized incidence ratio for CVD was 7.4 (6.5-8.3) and was in persons
with normoalbuminuria 4.9 (4.0-5.9). Mean HbA1c and HbA1c
variability, dyslipidemia, BMI, kidney disease, age and diabetes duration were
the variables associated with incident CVD. In particular, HbA1c was
associated with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Standardized mortality ratio
compared with the Finnish background population was 3.2 (2.8-3.7). The factors,
associated with mortality were diabetes duration, increased HbA1c variability,
inflammation, insulin resistance, kidney disease and PAD.

Conclusions

Individuals
with T1D of very long duration are at a high risk of CVD. In addition, throughout
the lifespan, optimal glycemic control remains central to CVD and excess
mortality prevention.
Epäilemisen ulottuvuuksia
Authors: Peltola Rea
Published: June 2021

Arvioitu teos:
Jutta Salminen: Epäilemisen merkitys. Epäillä-sanueen polaarinen kaksihahmotteisuus kiellon ja kielteisyyden semantiikan peilinä. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto 2020. Johdanto 132 s. ja neljä artikkelia. isbn 978-951-51-5878-9.
Johdanto-osa saatavilla verkossa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/ URN:ISBN:978-951-51-5879-6.
Suomeen ja suomeen kotoutuvien korkeakoulutettujen toimijuus kognitiivis-emotionaalisina kokemuksina
Authors: Vaattovaara Johanna
Published: June 2021

Arvioitu teos:
Mia Scotson: Korkeakoulutetut kotoutujat suomen kielen käyttäjänä. Toimijuus, tunteet ja käsitykset. JYU Dissertations 271. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto 2020. Johdanto 133 s. + liitteet 17 s. + artikkelit 64 s. isbn 978-951-39-8259-1.
Saatavilla verkossa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-8259-1.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma evansi in dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) from Iran
Authors:   Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Golestan Boulevard, Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran, Bahrami Somayeh , Alborzi Ali R. , Rahimi Esfahsalari Saeid , Ziafati Zahra
Published: June 2021

Surra is of great concern to countries in the world such as Iran, which have a considerable camel population. The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in the camels of Iran. A total of 167 blood samples from farmed camels were examined for the presence of T. evansi infection using parasitological and molecular methods. Blood smear examination revealed 10 (6%) positive samples, while the PCR method 14 (8.4%) found positive samples. Age, sex, and region were not determined as risk factors for T. evansi infection in this study. The phylogenetic tree inferred from VSG gene sequences of T. evansi clearly separated the sequences of this study into two clades, A and B, which reflects the intrasequence heterogeneity among Iranian isolates. The phylogenetic tree showed that Iranian T. evansi strains are members of the T. brucei clade.
An investigation into the use of Catford's shifts in translating short stories: translating english grammatical sentences into persian in focus
Authors: Ghateolbahr Abdolrahman , Mohammadinejad Ehsan
Published: June 2021

The present study investigated the use of Catford's shifts in the Persian translation. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used a qualitative research design to examine Catford’s Translation Shifts category (1965). The research corpus was 50 English sentences of Introductory Steps to Understanding book and its Persian translation by 100 elementary EFL learners. The findings showed that shift structure, unit shift, class shift, and in-system shifts were used by learners. Also, the most shift used by learners was a structural shift.  The findings achieved in this study indicated the applicability of shifts in translating grammatical sentences in Persian. Due to the complexity and variety of languages and their structure, the role of translation is very important. The researcher tried to prove that although education in the SL can be practical, finding equivalences for the grammatical sentences will complete it.
Effect of Hall Currents on Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic Two-Ionized Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Channel
Authors: Raju T. Linga , Rao V.Gowrisankara
Published: June 2021

An unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat transfer two-fluid flow of ionized gases through a horizontal channel between parallel non-conducting plates, by taking Hall currents into account is studied. The governing partial differential equations that describe the flow and heat transfer under the adopted conditions are solved for the velocity and temperature distributions by a regular perturbation technique. Profiles for the velocity and temperature distributions as well the rates of heat transfer coefficient are presented graphically, and a parametric study is performed. The results reveal that the combined effects of the Hartmann number, Hall parameter, and the ratios of viscosities, heights, electrical and thermal conductivities have a significant impact on an unsteady MHD heat transfer two-ionized fluid flow characteristics.
Improving Time Use Measurement with Personal Big Data Collection – The Experience of the European Big Data Hackathon 2019
Authors: Zeni Mattia , Bison Ivano , Reis Fernando , Gauckler Britta , Giunchiglia Fausto
Published: June 2021

This article assesses the experience with i-Log at the European Big Data Hackathon 2019, a satellite event of the New Techniques and Technologies for Statistics (NTTS) conference, organised by Eurostat. i-Log is a system that enables capturing personal big data from smartphones’ internal sensors to be used for time use measurement. It allows the collection of heterogeneous types of data, enabling new possibilities for sociological urban field studies. Sensor data such as those related to the location or the movements of the user can be used to investigate and gain insights into the time diaries’ answers and assess their overall quality. The key idea is that the users’ answers are used to train machine-learning algorithms, allowing the system to learn from the user’s habits and to generate new time diaries’ answers. In turn, these new labels can be used to assess the quality of existing ones, or to fill the gaps when the user does not provide an answer. The aim of this paper is to introduce the pilot study, the i-Log system and the methodological evidence that emerged during the survey.
The instrumental signals of the Eurasian Wryneck (Jynx torquilla)
Authors: Turner Kyle , Gorman Gerard
Published: June 2021

In a study of acoustic communication at seven nest cavities of Eurasian Wrynecks, sound recordings were made of ninety-one separate bursts of tapping. From Hungary in the east, and France in the west, tapping was heard both from inside cavities and at their entrances. Analysis of the tapping rhythms indicated two forms corresponding to different observed behaviour. They were never loud and were used exclusively in communication between breeding pairs. No functional significance was found in the only two brief examples of tapping fast enough to be described structurally as drumming.