bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penyuluhan dan Internalisasi Faham Ahlussunnah Wal Jama’ah Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Aqidah Peserta Didik di SDN Besowo 5 Kediri
Authors: Achmad Mujahidin  , Ahmad Ainun Naim
Published: October 2023

Nowadays, having tolerant and flexible traits in socio-cultural and religious in a compound environment is very important for students to have. Because in forming a good and obedient Muslim person, students should follow the example of what was done by the Prophet SAW and the Companions of the Prophet SAW. in spreading the spirit of Islam lil 'alamiin (mercy for the entire universe) to all corners of the world in order to embrace and spread Islam in a friendly and full of rahmah (affection), not with threats and anger. Therefore, the understanding of Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah for students who are muslim in particular, is very important to understand and learn. In the study itself, the author chose to use the PAR (Participatory Action Research) method. The first step taken by the researcher is to prepare the material to be delivered. The second step is to carry out the process of counseling and internalization. And the last step is to evaluate the counseling and internalization that has been carried out from beginning to end to students. The results showed that, the process of counseling and internalizing Aswaja understanding to students, can have a significant impact on them, as well as the social environment around them.
Penyuluhan Fiqh Ibadah tentang Syarat-Syarat Sah Sholat untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Jama’ah Masjid Al-Hikmah Desa Sekuning Besowo Kediri
Authors: Fatikahatun Nikmah  , Reni Imawan
Published: October 2023

The material of fiqh is basically related to sharia in Islam both related to worship and muamalah. Fiqh material related to shari'ah and practice automatically indicates the existence of material related to humans. Therefore, in the delivery does not rely on classical methods such as lectures, but there must be an active role of mosque congregation themselves. In the study itself the author chose to use the PAR (Participatory Action Research) method. The results of this study, do some of the following steps; The first step we do is to prepare the material that we will deliver. The second step is to need methods and approaches that are flexible according to the circumstances. Because, there is often a gap between plans and practices on the ground. The third step is to evaluate the counseling that has been carried out from start to finish to mosque congregation. This is in an attempt to find out the extent of the material that has been captured by mosque congregation while during counseling.
Makna Zuhud Dalam Kehidupan Prespektif Tafsir Al-Qur’an
Authors: Abdul Muqit
Published: October 2023

In this day and age, many people misunderstand zuhud. Many think that zuhud is leaving wealth, rejecting enjoyment of the world, and forbid the lawful. The interpretation that has been given by the Sufis in the early period on the meaning of zuhud in Islam all relating to a pessimistic view of world life. Therefore, this world should know and the splendour and enjoyment of worldly life should be rejected. Even though Islam requires it’s people to prosper the earth, work, and rule the world, but at the same time not be deceived by the world. In this modern era, culture, economy, social, and religion are not spared the influence of modernization as a from of advanced civilization which actually has an “effect side” which is so complex, society often displays the characteristics that less praiseworthy, especially in the face of this sparkling material. Impact in fact it is a society that is becoming more consumerist and individualism. In this case, it is necessary to practice to be a simple life, wara’, and patience. As well as trying to get rid of boasting, knowing that this world is only temporary.
Sejarah Kodifikasi al-Qur’an Mushaf Uthmani
Authors: Lavinatus Sholikhah  , Mardiati  , Linda Rosyidah
Published: October 2023

Pembukuan Al-Qur’an pada Masa Uthman bin Affan. Pemeliharaan Al- Qur’an pada masa kekhalifahan Usman bin Affan  memegang peranan penting dalam sejarah Al-Qur’an. Hal ini karena pada masa Usmanlah Al-Qur’an dibukukan. Latar belakang  pembukuan Al-Qur’an pada masa ini adalah meluasnya persoalan perbedaan qiraat di tengah masyarakat Islam pada waktu itu. Sebagian menganggap qiraatnya yang paling bagus sementara yang lainnya juga beranggapan demikian,bahkan perbedaan ini sudah sampai pada tingkat kafir mengkafirkan. Persoalan ini menarik perhatian dan menimbulkan kekhawatiran di kalangan pimpinan Islam, sehingga akhirnya Usman membuat keputusan untuk membukukan Al-Qur’an untuk  dijadikan standar resmi bagi umat Islam. Teks- teks /riwayat yang ada mengenai pembukuan pada masa Usman ini menunjukkan bahwa Usman bekerja bukan karena kepentingan dirinya sendiri dalam proses pelaksanaannya. Pembukuan yang dilakukannya adalah untuk kepentingan kesatuan umat Islam di satu sisi dan untuk pemeliharaan Al-Qur’an di sisi lain.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ МУЗИЧНОГО МИСТЕЦТВА ТА ХОРЕОГРАФІЇ
Authors: Паньків Людмила
Published: October 2023

У статті висвітлюються питання модернізації фахової підготовки майбутніх учителів мистецьких дисциплін на основі використання сучасних інформаційних технологій. Представлено аналіз основних досліджень і публікацій з даної проблеми, виявлено позитивний вплив комп’ютерних технологій на організацію та зміст фахової підготовки майбутніх учителів мистецтва в сучасних умовах. Подано класифікацію інформаційних технологій в освітньому процесі педагогічних університетів.Мета роботи полягає в дослідженні особливостей використання сучасних інформаційних технологій у процесі фахової підготовки майбутніх учителів музичного мистецтва та хореографії.Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на ідеях культурологічного та компетентнісного підходів. У статті використовувалися такі методи дослідження: вивчення та аналіз наукових джерел; педагогічні спостереження; узагальнення педагогічного досвіду; моделювання та прогнозування інноваційних тенденцій модернізації фахової підготовки майбутніх учителів музичного мистецтва та хореографії.Наукова новизна роботи полягає у виявленні специфічних особливостей використання комп’ютерних технологій у процесі фахової підготовки майбутніх учителів музичного мистецтва та хореографії. Вперше досліджено шляхи оптимізації фахової підготовки майбутніх учителів музичного мистецтва та хореографії засобами сучасних інформаційних технологій. Висновки. Сучасні інформаційні технології відкривають нові можливості пізнання мистецтва, активізації самостійної роботи студентів, впровадження нових форм і методів фахової підготовки майбутніх учителів музичного мистецтва та хореографії. Використання сучасних інформаційних технологій в умовах дистанційного навчання сприяє інтерактивності освітнього процесу та забезпечує високу ефективність підготовки майбутніх учителів мистецьких дисциплін. Перспективи подальших наукових розвідок вбачаємо в розробці методичного забезпечення організації та проведення дистанційних форм викладання мистецьких дисциплін з урахуванням емоційної складової музичного та хореографічного навчання.
МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ПРОБЛЕМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ АКАДЕМІЧНОЇ ВОКАЛЬНО-ВИКОНАВСЬКОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ МАЙБУТНІХ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ СПЕЦІАЛІЗОВАНИХ МИСТЕЦЬКИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ
Authors: Мольдерф Тетяна
Published: October 2023

Мета статті. Презентація наукових підходів і педагогічних принципів формування академічної вокально-виконавської культури майбутніх викладачів ПСМНЗ.Методологія. У статті використані наступні методи: джерелознавчий, компаративний, системний, узагальнення, універсалізації.Наукова новизна. Вперше класифіковані наукові підходи і педагогічні принципи формування академічної вокально-виконавської культури майбутніх викладачів ПСМНЗ.Висновки. У статті висвітлено проблему методологічних основ формування академічної вокально-виконавської культури майбутніх викладачів ПСМНЗ, обґрунтовано наукові підходи (культурологічний, аксіологічний, комунікативно-творчий, акмеологічний, компетентнісний, особистісно-орієнтований) й розроблено педагогічні принципи (орієнтації на цінності академічної вокально-виконавської традиції; розуміння академічності як еталону вокально-виконавської культури викладача ПСМНЗ; виховання ціннісних орієнтацій у майбутніх викладачів ПСМНЗ щодо академічної вокально-виконавської культури; академі-зація вокально-виконавської культури співу; цілеспрямованого залучення до академічного вокально-виконавського процесу як художньої комунікації; досягнення високого рівня культури спілкування в інтерпретаційній діяльності; досягнення найвищого рівня академічної вокально-виконавської майстерності; досягнення найвищого рівня педагогічної майстерності на основі поширення цінностей академічної вокально-виконавської культури; єдності теоретичної і практичної підготовки виконавця-носія академічної вокально-виконавської культури; методичної компетентності викладача-ретранслятора цінностей академічної традиції; академічної вокально-виконавської індивідуальної презентативності; педагогічної індивідуальної презентативності на основі методів та прийомів постановки дитячого голосу в академічній традиції), що сприяють ефективному формуванню академічної вокально-виконавської культури майбутніх викладачів ПСМНЗ.
Research on Roof Structure Model and Reasonable Support of GSER by Cutting Roof in Three-Soft Coal Seam
Authors: Wei Baoning , Huang Qingxiang , Cao Jian
Published: October 2023

In order to reveal the deformation mechanism of surrounding rock in the three-soft coal seam with GSER(GSER), through physical simulation experiment, the roof strata fracture evolution under the three conditions of no roof cutting general support, top cutting high-strength support, and roof cutting public support is simulated, the roof structures mechanical structure model of roof cutting GSER in the three-soft coal seam is established. The research shows that based on the overburden characteristics in the three-soft coal seam, the roof-cut technology cuts off the stress transmission, and high-strength support is adept in the roadway. Therefore, the roof can form a "short cantilever beam-voussoir beam" structure. With no roof cutting general support, the average approach distance and the floor are 1000-1200mm. The moderate approach distance of the two sides is 600-700mm. Under the roof cutting general support, the middle approach distance of the roadway roof and the floor is 800-900mm. The intermediate approach distance of the two sides is 400-500mm. Under the roof cutting high-strength support conditions, the roadway roof and floor's average approach distance is 200-300mm, and the intermediate approach distance of the two sides is 200-300mm. Under the roof cutting combined support, the middle approach distance of the roadway roof and the floor is 50-100mm. The moderate approach distance of the two sides is 100-200mm. Therefore, the combined high-strength support can better control the severe deformation of the surrounding rock of the GSER in the three-soft coal seam. The remaining roadway can satisfy secondary reuse with no repair.
Kedudukan Anak Perempuan dalam Warisan Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan Budaya Batak Toba Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Pangaribuan Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara
Authors: Siregar Ermina Oktaviana , Marpaung Arifin , Hayati Amal
Published: October 2023

The problem of inheritance is a discussion that has been discussed clearly and in detail in the Al-Qur'an and Sunnah on how to resolve it. However, along with developments over time, there are bound to be problems that arise in resolving inheritance issues among society. Not only in this day and age, even during the time of the Prophet SAW there were often disputes between his heirs. This thesis discusses the Position of Girls in Inheritance According to the Compilation of Islamic Law and Toba Batak Culture, where the Toba Batak Culture says that girls are not heirs. The method used is empirical juridical, which uses empirical facts that examine applicable legal provisions and what happens in reality in society. The nature of the research used is descriptive, where research only describes the situation of facts or incident. Based on the research results, the application of Islamic inheritance law in the Toba Batak Community in Pangaribuan sub-district, North Tapanuli district has not used Islamic law as its inheritance law, but still uses customary law. Toba Batak heirs in Pangaribuan sub-district, North Tapanuli regency usually hold deliberations to resolve this either only with their families or with traditional elders.
Rancang Bangun dan Analisis Rangka Traktor Pemanen Jagung
Authors: Rahman Fhadel Aditya , Waskito Waskito
Published: October 2023

A corn harvesting tractor is a tractor that operates using a diesel-powered engine which is used to harvest corn and is operated by humans. It is estimated that the presence of this tractor will lighten the burden on corn farmers who previously harvested using human power. Apart from making harvesting easier, corn harvesting tractors also increase production yields. This research aims to reveal the stress values that occur in the frame and the safety values from the results of the design of the tractor frame structure in the form of design and structural strength analysis. This research was limited to a loading of 200 kg. This research examines the design, simulation, and stress analysis of the frame structure of a 200 kg corn harvester tractor using the finite element method or can be said to be Finite Element analysis (FEA). ASTM A36 Steel material is used. Finite element analysis is carried out with a numerical system using software Solidworks 2020. The results of the simulation and analysis show that the tractor frame structure has a stress, deformation, and safety factor of 1.228e+07 N/m2, 2.934e-04 m, and 20.
Pengaruh Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Kooperatif Learning Tipe Numberred Heads Together (NHT) terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa PAI SMAN 1 Kinali Kabupaten Pasaman Barat
Authors: Anwar Riza Rizkiah , Supriadi Supriadi , Arsya Fajriyani
Published: October 2023

This research is motivated by the lack of student motivation to participate in PAI learning activities because teachers have not used interesting strategies when learning takes place. So one of the efforts that must be made so that students are motivated to take part in PAi learning is with the help of the Numberred Heads Together (NHT) learning strategy. The formulation of the problem in this research is how much influence the application of the Numberred Heads Together (NHT) type cooperative learning strategy in PAI subjects, the material of pursuing glory through life, has on student learning motivation. This research aims to determine the effect of the Numberred Heads Together (NHT) learning strategy on student learning motivation. The method used in this research is a quantitative type of quasi experiment. The population in this study was all class X at SMAN 1 Kinaii. The sampling in this study was random sampling, namely classes E1 and E2 as the research sample. The research results showed that the questionnaire was calculated using the SPSS test. With a sig result < α, namely 0.000 <0.005, it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be concluded that student learning motivation in PAI subjects is influenced by using the Numberred Heads Together (NHT) learning strategy which is used when learning takes place at SMAN 1 Kinali.
Outside Our Wheelhouse: Reflections from Technical Librarians Serving as Interim Public Services Managers
Authors: Shein Cyndi , Costello Kristen
Published: October 2023

Libraries often utilize interim leaders to fill essential vacancies. Most literature on interim leadership focuses on the top library administrator position and relatively few articles address the experiences of interim middle managers or discuss the value of librarians leading departments outside their areas of expertise. In this article, Author 1 and Author 2, a systems librarian and a special collections and archives technical services librarian respectively, discuss how they leveraged their technical knowledge and soft skills while leading departments that were not within their fields of expertise. They explain how serving outside their wheelhouses benefitted the organization and enriched their job satisfaction.
Academic Library Innovation: A Selective Review
Authors: Pellack Lorraine J.
Published: October 2023

This is an intentionally selective compilation of resources and ideas on innovation in academic libraries. The goals of this article are: to demystify innovation in academic libraries by providing a foundation for those wanting to learn more about it; encourage librarians to explore different types of innovation; introduce practical ideas for implementing library workplace innovation (as well as supporting innovation on campus); and provide provocative ideas to help spark creativity locally.
Lessons Learned about Working from Home During a Pandemic
Authors: Gould Renee , Koke Audrey , Smith Marissa
Published: October 2023

A survey of 23 questions was sent out to various library related listservs during the fall of 2020 to investigate the unique impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Traditionally, library technical services departments conducted most, if not all, work in the office. This was mainly because all the necessary equipment, supplies and access to records would prove cumbersome and costly to establish at home. The investigators thus felt as if technical services would experience numerous challenges transitioning to working from home during the pandemic.

 

The results of the survey were mixed. Many but not all elements of technical services tasks were successfully completed at home. Aspects, such as lack of necessary equipment, administrative support and even Wi-Fi made it difficult to completely conduct tasks. In short, investigators found that short-term technical services operations can occur from home. Long term, however, is questionable and dependent upon individual institution’s abilities to financially support technical services.

 

This article hopes to illuminate systematic flaws that create obstacles for technical services employees to work from home. Hopefully, it will also expose critical issues that can be researched in the future.
Hope for the Future
Authors: Marquez Alejandro
Published: October 2023

This essay focuses on how academic libraries can have hope despite low morale, burnout, and budgetary issues. Despite these challenging times, it is an opportunity for an employee focused future of work and life balance. It is also a time to redress relationships with historically marginalized groups by examining pay equity, workload distribution, and diversity issues. Libraries have been so focused on the yearly budget that they are not thinking about the long term issues. Libraries that survive the next budget crunch will inherit a fractured workplace if equity and diversity issues are not addressed.
Louisiana Academic Library Workers and Workplace Bullying
Authors: Baird Catherine , Hebert Andrea , Savage Justin
Published: October 2023

Workplace bullying is a problem in many work environments and can take different forms, including spreading gossip, criticism of work, unreasonable workloads, and being excluded. It can cause physical, psychological, and emotional stress, manifesting as depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, exhaustion, feelings of rage/despair, and in some cases, post-traumatic stress disorder or suicide. Little is known, however, about the prevalence of bullying amongst library workers in academic libraries. This comprehensive state-wide study provides a replicable model to explore workplace bullying in a systematic manner amongst all academic library workers, not just librarians.
Role of Quality Enhancement Cell in Developing Quality Culture at University Level
Authors: Muhammad Tahir Nadeem  , Afshan Rahat  , Riffat Tahira  , Irshad Hussain
Published: October 2023

The current study was designed to investigate the current practices and the effectiveness of quality enhancement cell in developing quality culture at university level in Pakistan. This study was descriptive in nature. All public sector general universities in Punjab were the population of the study. Heads of the departments of public sector universities in Punjab, Pakistan were the population of the study. A total of 300 departmental and institutional heads from 7 selected universities were chosen as a sample of the study. A questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale, consisting of 47 statements was prepared for obtaining data. To arrive at findings, frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and standard deviations were calculated. The results of the study indicate that the quality assurance practices i.e. Quality Enhancement Cells (QECs) of universities don't provide training to non-teaching staff. Faculty members are not selected for the next grade in time by teacher training departments of the universities. Major problems with quality assurance have been found as scarcity of financial resources, shortage of permanent faculty members, and lack of infrastructure. Facilitating factors towards quality assurance were good teacher-student relations, cooperative attitude of administration with teachers, and well-educated teachers in universities, were good.
Financial Leverage in Renewable Energy and its Future Investment
Authors: Sabbaghi Asghar , Ritter Drew
Published: October 2023

This study will examine the impact of financial leverage on renewable energy sector and the factors that influence leverage, as well as the new risks, in today's global environment.  We will develop a number of analytical models to analyze the trends and risk factors in renewable energy sector when compared with SPX Index. We will demonstrate that clean energy can be an attractive long-term investment if some risk can be diversified away. Moreover, we argue that there are high amounts of debt in the capital structure of clean energy, but time will tell how much risk is associated with financial leverage regarding this debt.
The effect of potassium fertilizer and planting dates on growth, yield, and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Mukhlif Fadhil H. , alkaisy Abed ul _ lateef , Hammody Dina Th. , Mousa Mohammed O , Shahatha Suad Sh.
Published: October 2023

The field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2021-2022 in one of the farmers' fields in the village of Al-Budayab, affiliated Ramadi city . The study aimed to investigate the effect of potassium fertilizer levels (120, 160, and 200) kg K ha1- and planting dates (November 15th, December 1st, December 15th) on the growth, yield, and quality characteristics of wheat . The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the levels of potassium fertilizer, with the 200 kg K ha-1 level superior to other levels in plant height 94.25 cm, leaf area 48.16 cm², number of spikes per square meter 285.60 m-², number of grains per spike 65.50 grains, 1000-grain weight 34.10 g and grain yield 6.40 ton ha-1 . Additionally, the planting dates showed significant differences, where 15th of December record a significant yield significantly higher results for the above-mentioned characteristics, measuring plant height 82.30 cm, leaf area 43.31 cm², number of spikes per square meter 270.94 m-², number of grains per spike 58.94 grains, 1000-grain weight 32.64 g and 5.36 tons. The interaction between the level of potassium fertilizer and planting dates also had a significant effect on grain yield, as the 200 kg K ha-1 level combined with the December 15th planting date resulted in the highest grain yield of 7.30 tons ha-1. Regarding the grains protein content in, the 120 kg K ha-1level recorded the highest percentage of 12.57%, and the November 15th yielded the highest percentage of 12.12% compared to the other planting dates.
The role of water in sustainable agricultural development in Iraq (Review)
Authors: Shukr Ali S.
Published: October 2023

This article aims to find out the impact of water in the process of sustainable agricultural development in Iraq, by presenting the reality of water resources in Iraq and water sources with reference to water sources globally and at the level of the Arab world, the low efficiency of the use of water resources in Iraq, which was considered one of the biggest challenges that led to the depletion of this important and vital resource, as it did not exceed in the best cases 40%, which is a small percentage if compared to neighboring countries and the Arab homeland. Moreover, the study did not indicate any trend to use virtual water as a more rational alternative to importing water between the high costs of water and its transportation, and it was also shown through the study that there are many challenges that affected water management in Iraq, including water share and water security, as well as shared water with neighboring and upstream countries. The study recommended supporting and encouraging the use of modern irrigation systems (sprinklers) to raise the efficiency of water use and link water security with food security because of their major role in raising the process of sustainable agricultural development in Iraq As well Aa activating the rule aquatic Agricultural extension because of its role in guiding and guiding farmers in rationalizing the use of water resources and urging them to adopt modern irrigation technologies.
Heterosis, Correlations and Path Analysis of Grain Yield Components in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Al-Mafarji Tariq R. , AL-Jubouri Jasim M. A.
Published: October 2023

Seven genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were used (SK 95, Side14, Side 12, SK94, Giemiza 9, Giemiza 7, Al-Fayyad) and their 21 crosses from half diallel crosses, and they were planted at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station of the Faculty of Agriculture. Agriculture - University of Kirkuk, using a randomized complete block design with three replicates in order to study the hybrid vigor, the genetic and phenotypic correlation, and the path analysis of the grain yield components. It is noted from the results that the hybrid 2*6 had the heterosis deviation from the average of the parents and the best of them are significant and in the desired direction in the number of active tillers plant-1, the number of grains spikes-1 and grain yield, and the genetic and phenotypic correlation was positive for the significant number of active tillers plant-1, the number of spikelet's spike-1 and the number of grain spike-1, and significant positive for the weight of 1000 grains with the grains yield plant-1, and the highest genetic and phenotypic correlation value of the number of grains spike-1 was 0.8** and 0.785**, respectively with grain yield, and when the correlations were divided into direct and indirect effects, the number of grains spikes-1 had the highest direct effect, which confirms the possibility of adopting it as a selective indicator to improve grain yield.
Biofertilizers, types, Benefits and their role in improving the growth of fruit trees and vegetative plants (Review)
Authors: Al-Hchami Salah H. J. , Salloom yasamen F.
Published: October 2023

Plant development, kinds, and benefits of bio-fertilizer inoculation will be discussed in this paper, Studies have shown that using bio-fertilizers increases the growth of the host plant, as well as improving the root growth and increasing the root system area, which leads to an increase in water and nutrient absorption. Also, the use of biological fertilizers helps reduce the toxicity in plant products as a result of a decrease in chemical fertilizers, In addition to increasing plant resistance to stress conditions like salt, drought, and temperature, bio-fertilizers can also increase soil fertility by contributing to soil aggregation and increasing the activity of soil enzymes like dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and urease, for example. These enzymes help plants be stronger against stress conditions like salt, drought, and temperature
Improving Steviol Glycosides Production in Stevia Rebaudian Bertoni by Plant Tissue Culture Technology
Authors: Mahdi Suhad A. , Alsaedi Noora J.
Published: October 2023

Plant tissue culture techniques have made tremendous progress in the production of various active compounds of interest, including Steviol Glycosides in Stevia. Stevia rebaudiana is a perennial herbaceous plant known for its sweet-tasting leaves that contain active substances used as natural low-calorie sweeteners called Steviol glycosides. Because of its high sweetness and low-calorie nature, it is an alternative to sugar. However, conventional cultivation of Stevia plants for the production of Steviol Glycosides faces challenges such as long growth cycles, changes in chemical composition, and environmental determinants. Therefore, plant tissue culture is an alternative for the production of large quantities of Steviol Glycosides by altering various factors such as nutrient media, growth regulators, and response. Photovoltaic and tissue culture methods have been successfully used for plant propagation as well as the production of high-quality glycosides. Through techniques such as callus culture, organogenesis, and somatic embryo culture, large quantities of cotyledons can be rapidly established from small plant parts in a relatively short time. With further advances in tissue culture techniques and an understanding of the physiology and genetics of stevia, the potential for large-scale production of glycosides using Tissue culture methods is a promising technique for the commercial use of this natural sweetener.
Problems Facing Potato Farmers in the Field of Production and Marketing in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Hama Salih Chawan M. , Layeeq Tahir M.
Published: October 2023

Agricultural sector has faced some obstacles and problems in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRG), therefore, a huge number of rural residents have migrated to urban areas because of lack of work opportunities, agricultural technologies, and product marketing problems. This research was conducted in the KRG to find out the importance of current problems related to potatoes production and marketing process in the KRG according to priority; the research population included all potato farmers who were (790 farmers), and the research sample was taken by stratified random sampling comprised (257 farmers) in seven districts, after excluding (22 farmers) for the pre-test. The data were collected using questionnaires, the questionnaire was sectioned into two main parts, the first part was to study the farmers’ socio-demographic profile, and the second part was designed to find out the importance of current problems related to the process of potatoes production and marketing, and the farmers were interviewed face-to-face, afterward, the collected data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 25). The result shows that most of the farmers suffered from these five significant issues (Absence of state support for exporting potatoes, High price of fertilizer, importing potatoes from abroad, High price of seeds, and High price of pesticides), It implies that the problems were related to the government. Accordingly, governments must play a crucial role in supporting farmers and ensuring the availability of affordable agricultural inputs to assist farmers.
Impact of Adding Chitosan and Probiotic to Broiler Dietary on carcass traits
Authors: Hasan Ahmed O. , Ameen Qana H. , Ghani Nidal A.
Published: October 2023

This study aims to examine the impact of adding chitosan and probiotics to the diets of broilers oon the carcass characteristics of broilers. A total of 144 broiler chicks from Ross 308 were used in this study. They were of average weight (43 g). They were divided into 6 treatments with 3 replicates (8 per treatment). The first treatment was without any addition (control treatment), the second was adding 1 g/kg of probiotic, he third was adding 0.5 g/kg of chitosan, the fourth was adding 1 g/kg of chitosan, the fifth was adding 0.5 g/kg of chitosan plus 1 g/kg of probiotic and the sixth was adding 1 g/kg of chitosan plus 1 g/kg of probiotic. The foundation of this studywere significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the percentage of carcass refining and superiority of the third treatment, but there were no significant differences in the relative weight of the main cuttings and the relative weight of the secondary cuttings of carcass. For the internal organs (heart, gizzard and liver), there were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the relative weight of the heart, and the superiority of the fifth treatment. As for the relative weight of the gizzard, the third treatment was significantly superior (p ≤ 0.05). The fourth treatment was significantly superior (p≤0.05) to the rest of the treatments for the relative weight of the liver. There were no significant differences in the relative weight of uneaten viscera.
Improving the productive performance of broiler chickens fed on diets containing the mixture "Toxbond Forte
Authors: Jassim Abeer S. , BahaAldeen Mohammed S. , Mustafa Nidhal A.
Published: October 2023

The study is conducted in Kosar's company experimental fields / Erbil to study the improvement of the carcass characteristics of broiler chickens, specifically those feeding on diets including "Toxbond Forte". The experiment lasted for 35 days and used 120 unsexed one day old chicks from Rose 308 type with an average of 42 ± 3 g per chick. The chicks were randomly classified into five treatments with three replications; each treatment had eight birds / replicate). The first treatment (T1) is called the control treatment in which the feed was without any addition, the second treatment (T2) included the addition of the compound with an average of 0.5 g / kg of feed, the third treatment (T3) included the addition of the mixture with a percentage higher than the second one, i.e. with a rate of 1 g / kg of feed, the fourth treatment (T4) included the rate of 1.5 g / kg of feed, and last treatment (T5) had the percentage of 2 g / kg of feed addition to the mixture. Results have shown that there are no big differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the relative weight of the main segments (chest and thigh piece), while the relative weight of the drumstick is significantly higher than the other treatments. Moreover, no differences have been seen for the secondary cuts, internal viscera and empty carcass weight, (p ≤ 0.05). Finally, the study has noted a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the percentage of the net weight.
Medicinal importance of Atropa belladonna plant (tropane alkaloids) (Review)
Authors: Alsaedi Noora J. J. , Jawad Lamiaa Kh. , Mahdi Suhad A.
Published: October 2023

The name Atropa is thought to have been derived from the Greek goddess Atropos while, meaning a beautiful lady. Belladonna has also been used over the past centuries to relax muscles, especially of the stomach and intestines, to help relieve intestinal colic, and to treat peptic ulcers. It also relaxes the urinary tract, removing spasms. The ancients used the plant to treat Parkinson's disease, as it works to reduce tremors and stiffness. Modern medicine proved that belladonna alkaloids inhibit the parasympathetic central nervous system that controls the various involuntary activities of the body. These alkaloids increase heartbeats. It has been shown that belladonna is a sedative used to remove the pain of diseases accompanied by bouts of muscle contractions.
A comparative Study of the Productive Traits of Drinking Thermally Stressed Awassi Ewes with Tap and Well Water before and after their magnetic treatment
Authors: Al-Mafarji Dalal A. T. , Alsaadi Sarmad A. A.
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted in the sheep field of the Department of Animal Production-Faculty of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk for the period from 15/6/2021 to 15/9/2021. The study targeted the role of different water types in influencing some of the productive traits of ewes exposed to heat stress in the summer. 20 mature ewes were used at the age of 18 months with an average weight of 44.12 kg. The animals were divided into four groups, each group included five ewes of homogeneous weights, and randomly divided then the coefficients into groups. The 1st treatment was orally administrated with tap water, the 2nd treatment was orally administrated with well water, the 3rd treatment was orally administrated with tap water treated magnetically (1500 gauss) and the 4th treatment was orally administrated with well water treated magnetically (1500 gauss). Both magnetically treated tap and well water groups showed a significant increasing (P≤0.05) in the weight of ewes, an average weight gain, a decrease in the amount of feed intake and an improvement in the coefficient of nutritional conversion.
Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting the body weight of the Kurdish local chicken
Authors: Baper Mevan I.
Published: October 2023

The current study was conducted at Kani –Graw private field around Erbil city –for the period from 01/09/2022 to 01/05/2023. The study was carried out to know the impact of changes in live weight of Kurdish local chickens due to sex and generation effects. The number of the Kurdish local chicks was two hundred and fifty chicks and their first generation. The effects cleared that, the live weight range substantially in accordance to the sex and generation of the chicks and their interactions especially at some stage in the period from one to eighteen weeks (P<0.01). Also, the live weight in male greater than females and accelerated steadily from zero to eighteen week of age the value the closing weight used to be 1704.06±11.83g and 1380.00±20.50g for males and females parents, respectively and 1649.69±15.64g and 1299.22±10.30g for males and females in 1st generation, respectively. Heritability estimate (h2) indicated that, the heritability estimates for live weight trait. Estimates of h2 two values had been average to excessive the value it ranged from 0.27 to 0.41 for live weight.
Effect of propagation dates, media and auxins treatments on rooting of Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) semi-hard wood cuttings
Authors: Abdulraahman Yousif A. , Ayoub Mohamad Z.
Published: October 2023

This experiment was carried out from 15th October, 2021 to 15th May, 2022 in the plastic house in Duhok city, Iraq. A study included the effect of three factors, the first one is two different propagation dates 15th October and 15th December, second one is three propagation media includes peat moss + perlite (1:1), sand + perlite (1:1) and peat moss + sand + perlite (1:1:1), and third one included three auxin concentrations includes (control, 3000 IBA+1500 NAA and 6000 IBA + 3000 mg. L-1 NAA) on the rooting of Cupressus macrocarpa semi-hard wood cuttings. The results analyzed by (RCBD) design and indicated that the planting of cuttings at 15th October significantly gave the best results of all studied characters (rooting percentage (51.11%) and shoots characters) as compared with those date in 15th December which gave the lowest values. As for propagation media had significant effect only on rooting characters, the best results of rooting obtained when cuttings planted in both of (sand + perlite) and (sand + peat moss + perlite) media but the media hadn’t any significant effects on shoot characters. Auxin treatment meaningfully affected on rooting ability of cuttings, high concentrations of auxins (6000 IBA+3000 NAA mg.L-1) gave the best results of rooting characters comparison with low concentration (3000 IBA+1500 NAA mg.L-1) and control (0 mg.L-1) but hadn’t any significant effects on shoots characters. Generally, the interaction among three factors showed that the planting of cutting treated with both concentrations of auxins in both of (sand + perlite) and (sand + peat moss + perlite) media at 15th October provided the best results of rooting percentage and improve most roots and shoots characters.
Effect of die length, moisture content and particle size on some mechanical and physical properties of poultry feed pellets
Authors: Farhan Ahmed S. , Hussein Affan O.
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the role of manufacturing characteristics on some mechanical and physical properties of poultry feed pellets. laboratory study of 3 x 3 x 3 factorial experiment laid out to study the effect of die lengths (L1 = 3, L2 = 4, and L3 = 5) cm, moisture content of feedstuff (M1 = 12, M2 = 14 and M3 = 16) % and particle sizes (P1 = 0.5, P2 = 1 and P3 = 1.5) mm and their interactions on some physical and mechanical properties of poultry feed pellets. Pellet Durability Index (PDI), pellet hardness, bulk density of pellets and feedstuff, unit density of pellets, and power consumption were measured and evaluated. Results revealed that the interaction of longer die lengths, higher moisture content, and smaller particle size treatment (L3M3P1) significantly increased the PDI (95.6%), hardness (6.4 Kg), and bulk density (683.97 Kg m-3) when it compared with other treatments. Unit density increased with the treatment (L3M2P2) when it compared with other treatments which it was 1453.29 Kg m3. The highest power consumption of 4.51 Kwh-1 was recorded with the treatment (L3M3P3) while the lowest value was for the treatment (L1M1P1) and it was 3.07 Kwh-1 but statistically, there were no significant differences in power consumption between the treatments, the differences were only mathematically. According to the results obtained in this work, we can conclude that when using the long die path combined with high moisture content and fine feedstuff can produce better pellets which are physically and mechanically accepted by farmers.
Evaluation Effect of Inoculum Prepared from Local Bacterial Isolates of Rhizobium and Nitrogen Fertilization on some Growth Traits of Mung Bean Plant in Gypsiferous Soil
Authors: Shihab Marwan A. , Alkurtany Abdul Kareem E.
Published: October 2023

The root nodule bacteria are utilized in the production of natural biological fertilizers to achieve clean agriculture by reducing chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the bacterial inoculum was prepared from local isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum and Bradyrhizobium japonicum, which were morphologically and molecularly characterized. Subsequently, the efficacy of the prepared inoculum was tested in the formation of root nodules and some growth traits of mung bean plants in gypsiferous soil at three levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 40, 80) kg N ha-1 The results showed a significant increase in all plant growth traits during the flowering stage for the treatments inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum and Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria in comparison to the treatment without inoculation. The inoculated treatments outperformed the non-inoculated treatment significantly. Additionally, the treatment inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum showed a significant superiority over the treatment inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum in all studied growth traits, the recorded values for the count of root nodules were (0.00, 8.33, 35.11) nodule. plant-1, The wet mass of nodules was (0.00, 0.091, 1.802) g. plant-1, and dry mass of nodules was (0.00, 0.010, 0.337) g. plant-1. The plant height was (52.11, 56.22, 58.05) cm. plant-1. The dry mass of the vegetative part, was (14.03, 20.10, 23.05) g. plant-1, and, the dry mass of the root part was (1.37, 2.57, 2.67) g. plant-1. The nitrogen content was (1.547, 2.765, 3.028) % phosphorus (0.121, 0.236, 0.377) %, and potassium (1.168, 2.342, 3.562) % in the vegetative part. The absorbed nitrogen in the vegetative part was (217.41, 541.10,718.02) mg. plant-1. These values were recorded for the non-inoculated treatment, Rhizobium leguminosarum inoculated treatment, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculated treatment, respectively. The results showed a significant superiority for the 40 kg N ha-1 fertilized treatment in comparison to both the unfertilized treatment and the 80 kg N/ha-1 fertilized treatment in all studied traits. The interaction effect was significant, as the treatment that was inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and 40 kg N ha-1 fertilized treatment exhibited significant superiority over the other treatments in all studied traits.
Effect of Humic acid and potassium sulfate spraying on growth and yield of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)
Authors: Ahmed Aram Shahab , Sattar Ako Ghazi , Hussein Hussein Khalil , Khurshed Dlshad Namiq
Published: October 2023

This study was carried out in the green house of the Agricultural-Research and Experiment>Station, College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, Sayada area, Kirkuk, Iraq during the season 2021-2022 to study the effect of humic and potassium sulfate spraying on the growth and yield of Rubegym strawberries. The experiment was-included two factors, the first being three levels of sulfate Potassium (0, 1000 and 20000) mg L-1, and the second factor was three concentrations of humic, which is (0, 2 and 4) g L-1, using the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) as a factorial experiment, using 10 seedlings per experimental unit, and the data were analyzed statistically using the (SAS V 9.0) program, and the averages were compared according to Dunkin's multinomial test at the probability level (0.05). Total. Soluble. Solids and vitamin C compared to control treatment.
Performance, Selection indices for six cotton genotypes to yield and some Components
Authors: Sarteb Mahasty Mlko , Mohammed Mohammed Ibrahim
Published: October 2023

According to the randomized complete block design, a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station in the Daquq Research Station located 40 km south of Kirkuk at the longitude 28 - 44 ° east and latitude 8 - 35 ° north as a factorial experiment with three factors, six genotypes, three doses of potassium fertilizer, and two spacing between lines, the data were analyzed as a factorial experiment using the analysis of variance method, and the trait averages were compared using Duncan's multi-range test at a probability threshold of 5% for all of the traits evaluated. Montana genotype shows the superiority of No. of fruiting branches with an average of (8.15), Coker 310 genotypes No. of balls per plant with an average of (17.81), Montana genotype boll weight with an average of (4.85), and Coker 310 genotypes of Seed cotton yield per plant show an average of (87.26). While for fertilizer, it exceeded (200) Kg h-1, No. of fruiting branches with an average of (8.29), No. of balls per plant of (17.66), boll weight with an average reached (4.86), and Seed cotton yield per plant, with an average of (84.36). As for the distances between the lines, the distance exceeds 60 cm, in Seed cotton yield per plant with an average of 83.99. As for the best selection index, it was (the number of boll per plant and seed cotton yield per plant which amounted to (124.9922), and the expected genetic improvement was I1234, which included (number of fruiting branches, number of boll per plant, boll weight, and seed cotton yield per plant), which amounted to (8.7753), and the highest relative efficiency of the I2 index, which included (number of bolls per plant) as it reached 3109.95).