bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation in sensory cortex drives bistable switching during auditory stream segregation
Authors: Higgins Nathan C. , Scurry Alexandra N. , Jiang Fang , Little David F , Alain Claude , Elhilali Mounya , Snyder Joel S.
Published: July 2022

Current theories of perception emphasize the role of neural adaptation, inhibitory competition, and noise as key components that lead to switches in perception. Supporting evidence comes from neurophysiological findings of specific neural signatures in modality-specific and supramodal brain areas that appear to be critical to switches in perception. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study brain activity around the time of switches in perception while participants listened to a bistable auditory stream segregation stimulus, which can be heard as one integrated stream of tones or two segregated streams of tones. The auditory thalamus showed more activity around the time of a switch from segregated to integrated compared to stable perception of integrated; in contrast, the rostral-anterior cingulate cortex and the inferior parietal lobule showed more activity around the time of a switch from integrated to segregated compared to time periods of stable perception of segregated streams, consistent with prior findings of asymmetries in brain activity depending on switch direction. In sound-responsive areas in the auditory cortex, neural activity increased in strength preceding switches in perception and declined in strength over time following switches in perception. Such dynamics in auditory cortex are consistent with the role of adaptation proposed by computational models of visual and auditory bistable switching, whereby the strength of neural activity decreases in strength following a switch in perception, which eventually destabilizes the current percept enough to lead to a switch to an alternative percept.
Estimating Statistical Power for Structural Equation Models in Developmental Cognitive Science: A Tutorial in R
Authors: Buchberger Elisa , Ngo Chi , Peikert Aaron , Brandmaier Andreas Markus , Werkle-Bergner Markus
Published: July 2022

Determining the compositional structure and dimensionality of psychological constructs lies at the heart of many research questions in developmental science. Structural equation modelling (SEM) provides a versatile framework for formalizing and estimating the relationships among multiple latent constructs. While the flexibility of SEM can accommodate many complex assumptions on the underlying structure of psychological constructs, it makes a-priori estimation of statistical power and required sample size challenging. This difficulty is magnified when comparing non-nested SEMs, which prevents the use of the likelihood-ratio test. Sample size estimates for SEM model fit comparisons typically rely on generic rules of thumb. Such heuristics can be misleading because statistical power in SEM depends on a variety of model properties. Here, we demonstrate a Monte Carlo simulation approach for estimating a-priori statistical power for non-nested model comparisons in an SEM framework. We provide a step-by-step guide to this approach based on an example from our memory development research in children.
The generalization of behavioral control over physical threats to social stressors in humans: A pilot fMRI study.
Authors: Blythe Joseph , Mansueto Alessandra Chiara , Duken Sascha Béla , Cremers Henk
Published: July 2022

Behavioral control, the ability to manage one’s exposure to a given stressor, influences the impacts of both the present and future stressors. Behavioral control over a stressor may decrease stress caused by the stressor, and promote resilience towards future stressors. A lack of behavioral control may exacerbate the stress response and lead to learned helplessness, a generalized view that one cannot control other, unrelated stressors in their environment. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) may detect the presence of behavioral control over a stressor and communicate this to subcortical regions involved in stress responses, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Building on previous research in animals and humans, piloted a paradigm to investigate how behavioral control over a physical threat (electric shocks), generalizes to responses for a subsequent social stressor (anticipation of public speaking). Our manipulation of behavioral control over a physical threat effected perceived control but not stress, and no effects generalized to the subsequent social stressor in behavioral, physiological, or neural responses. We discuss refinements to the paradigm to strengthen the effect of the manipulation, the potential impacts of statistical power on the present results, and metrics to measure the generalization of behavioral control in addition to vmPFC-subcortical connectivity.
The Adolescent Wellbeing Paradigm (AWP): Psychometric Properties and Validation
Authors: Green Kayla , van de Groep Suzanne , van der Cruijsen Renske , Crone Eveline
Published: July 2022

Few studies have attempted to capture the perspectives of the current generation of youth for understanding adolescent wellbeing. In the present multi-sample mixed method study we developed a novel assessment tool of adolescent wellbeing, the Adolescent Wellbeing Paradigm (AWP). In Study 1, an online survey study among Dutch-speaking adolescents and young adults (N = 339, Mage = 18.44 years, SD = 3.53, 79% females) was conducted to inspect which initial AWP-items were viewed as being important for their wellbeing. In Study 2, we co-evaluated the original AWP-items and co-created new items with adolescents and young adults (N = 25) via focus groups. In Study 3, we examined the validity and reliability of the updated AWP in a new sample of youth (Mage = 19.86 years, SD = 4.46, 71% females). Principal Components Analyses revealed five factors of adolescent wellbeing: 1) having impact, purpose, and meaning; 2) absence of (excessive) stress; 3) family relationships; 4) self-confidence; and 5) feeling respected, appreciated, and loved. These AWP-factors were related to other measures of mental health and wellbeing, and the AWP showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. In conclusion, the AWP was found to be a valid and reliable measure of adolescent wellbeing.
Income Stagnation and the Politics of Welfare State Retrenchment in Advanced Economies
Authors: Vlandas Tim , Weisstanner David
Published: July 2022

What are the political effects of income stagnation on the welfare state? To answer this question, we develop a simple political economy model linking stagnation to greater political support for welfare state retrenchment via three distinct mechanisms: (1) an altruistic mechanism where stagnation reduces altruistic motives for welfare state redistribution; (2) an insurance as ‘luxury good‘ mechanism where stagnation decreases the relative perceived gains from insurance; and (3) a subjective cost of taxation mechanism where stagnation heightens the relative costs of taxation. To test our argument, we combine novel data on the evolution of income stagnation to three existing datasets on individual preferences for the welfare state, on electoral behaviour of individuals, and on welfare state retrenchment. Our micro-level empirical analyses are consistent with our expectations. First, individuals facing stagnant or lower incomes support spending cuts to a greater extent. Second, individuals penalise the incumbent at the ballot box for retrenchment policies when their incomes are growing, but reward them if their income are stagnating. Thus, governments have electoral incentives to implement spending cuts when incomes stagnate. In turn, at the macro level, retrenchment is more pronounced in times when countries experience lower income growth. Taken together, our findings link the literature on income stagnation to comparative political economy studies of changing welfare states. In contrast to accounts focusing on the level of income and risk, this article helps us make sense of why governments find it politically attractive to retrench their welfare states, not despite but because of difficult economic times. Income stagnation does not only undermine the fiscal sustainability of welfare states, it also saps its political foundation.
Über Mobilität. Historisches zu Techniken, Kulturen und Utopien der Fortbewegung
Authors: Möser Kurt
Published: July 2022

Die Geschichte der Mobilität im 20. Jahrhundert war immer von Faszination und Zukunftshoffnungen geprägt. Kurt Mösers essayistische Texte zeigen dies für zahlreiche Aspekte der automobilen Massenmotorisierung ebenso wie für Amphibienfahrzeuge oder Elektroluftschiffe. Seine kulturhistorische Perspektive begründet nachdrücklich, warum Mobilität nicht auf die Formel reduziert werden kann, wie man preisgünstig von A nach B kommt. Die von Möser diskutierten Fallbeispiele verdeutlichen, wie emotional aufgeladen die Nutzung von Mobilitätsmaschinen immer war und ist - und zwar auch hinsichtlich ihrer „dunklen“, aggressiven Seiten. Die lange Linie der Mobilitätsgeschichte, wie sie hier entwickelt wird, provoziert Zweifel, ob aktuelle Konzepte für eine Mobilitätswende die kulturelle Dimension von Mobilität angemessen berücksichtigen.
Neue Perspektiven zur PISA Global Competence-Messung basierend auf Reflexionen zum luxemburgischen Bildungsbericht
Authors: Andersen Katja N.
Published: July 2022

In diesem Beitrag wird der Nationale Bildungsbericht Luxemburg 2021 mit dem Schwerpunktthema Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) als Grundlage genommen, um neue Perspektiven zur PISA Global Competence-Messung zu entwickeln. Dazu werden in einem ersten Schritt die im Bildungsbericht vorgestellten empirischen Befunde und deren theoretische Fundierung kritisch beleuchtet und Impulse aufgezeigt, die für eine Fortführung der Diskussion um die Global Competence-Messung bedeutsam sind. Basierend hierauf werden in einem zweiten Schritt die im Bildungsbericht sichtbar werdenden Leitkompetenzen von BNE herausgearbeitet und dem im Global Competence Framework dargelegten Ansatz der OECD gegenübergestellt. Dabei rücken die Transformative Kompetenz und die Multiliteracy-Kompetenz in den Mittelpunkt der Diskussion. An diese Reflexion anknüpfend werden Empfehlungen für das Framing der Global Competence-Messung formuliert.
Effect of Seeding Ratios of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana) Mixtures on Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Quality of the Fodder
Authors:   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia, Abate Dawit , Tilahun Meseret ,   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia, Husen Nebi ,   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia, Wana Daniel ,   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia
Published: July 2022

The study was conducted at Adami Tulu on-station and Shashemene (FTC) sites for two (2019-2020) consecutive years with the objective to determine the appropriate proportions of seeding ratio that could optimize the dry matter yield and quality of Alfalfa and Rhodes grass mixture. The treatment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Different seeding ratios of Alfalfa and Rhodes grass were arranged according to the following treatments: T1; 100% Alfalfa +0 % Rhodes, T2; 0% Alfalfa +100% Rhodes, T3; 50% Alfalfa +50% Rhodes, T4; 75% Alfalfa +25% Rhodes and T5; 25% Alfalfa +75% Rhodes. The results showed that number of tillers per plant of Rhodes grass and leaf to stem ratio of alfalfa, CP% content, NDF% and ADF% were showed a significance (p<0.05) difference among the seeding ratios. The result indicated that seeding ratio has significant (p<0.05) effect on the total dry matter yield of the mixture of alfalfa and Rhodes at both sites. The highest dry matter yield (8.47 t ha-1 ) was obtained from seeding ratio of 25:75, followed by seeding ratio of 50:50 (7.84 tha-1 ). The land equivalent ratios for the mixture were more than one showing that mixture of alfalfa with Rhodes is more advantageous than pure stand of forage. The highest CP% content (21.2%) was recorded from pure stand of alfalfa followed by seeding ratio 75:25 (18.5%), 50:50 (16.8%) and 25:75 (14.6%) while pure stand of Rhodes grass produced the least (11.1%) CP% value. The highest values of NDF% (34.48%) and ADF% (21.25%) were obtained from pure stands of Rhodes grass while the least values were recorded from pure Alfalfa. Thus, it can be concluded that seeding ratio combination of 50:50 could be recommended for use in the study areas and similar agro-ecologies due to its high dry matter yield, good quality and more balanced mixture of forage.
The Effect Of Financial Ratio and Macroeconomic On Financial Distress On Property, Real Estate And Building Construction Companies Listed On The Indonesian Stock Exchange 2015-2019
Authors: Nadia Dwi Ajeng , Rokhmawati Andewi , Fitri Fitri
Published: July 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of financial ratios and macroeconomic on financial distress. Financial ratios are assessed using  the ROE, DER, CR, SG, CFFO proxies and macroeconomic proxies are inflation, exchange rates, BI rate, GDP and financial distress measured by the springate model. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of annual reports from 2015-2019 obtained from the Indonesian Stock Exchange website or www.idx.co.id and Bank Indonesia or www.bi.go.id and the Central Bureau of Statistics or www.bps.go.id. The population in this study amounted to 53 property, real estate and building construction companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange with a sampling technique using purposive sampling obtained as many as 40 companies. Hypothesis testing in this study used logistic regression analysis with the help of the SPSS application. The results obtained indicate that ROE, CR, SG, CFFO, Inflation has a significant negative effect on financial distress. DER, BI rate, exchange rate have a significant positive effect on financial distress. While, GDP has no significant effect on financial distress.
„Wszystko zmienne”. Pięć szkiców o Władysławie Broniewskim
Authors: Tramer Maciej
Published: July 2022

The monograph consists of five essays on Władysław Broniewski. The first essay, “One-time History,” concerns the poet’s historiosophy (awareness of the inconsistency of historical processes). The second, “Diary — An Introduction to the Reading” presents the creation of a document that accompanied Broniewski during his military service. The third one, “Farewell to Jerusalem,” presents the circumstances of the creation of Broniewski’s canonical poem, “Ballads and Romances,” and at the same time constitutes a grammatological interpretation of the manuscript. The fourth essay, “On Literature Hindering Poetry,” concerns Broniewski’s journalism. The final essay, “To Await Namelessness,” is an attempt to analyze the phenomenon of his popularity and the “communal” treatment of poetry.
A new spring durum wheat variety ‘Tamara’ as a source of carotenoid pigments
Authors: Gaponov S. N. , Shutareva G. I. , Tsetva N. M. , Tsetva I. S. , Milovanov I. V. , Burmistrov N. A. , Zhiganova E. S. , Kulikova V. A.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the current work was to develop and introduce into production a spring durum wheat variety adapted to the climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region, which meets the modern requirements of the raw material market for pasta producers to productivity and grain quality. Grain quality is the most important criterion by which durum wheat is evaluated. For modern pasta production, there is a great need in grain with a grain unit of at least 770 g/l; with kernel hardness of at least 80.0%; with high quality of gluten (gluten index of at least 80 u.); with carotenoid pigments of 7.0–8.0 mg/kg, where the yellowness index (semolina color) is not less than 22.0 c.u. The new spring durum wheat variety ‘Tamara’ meets all the requirements. The variety was developed by the method of complex hybridization between the best varieties and lines of the laboratory for spring durum wheat breeding and seed production of the “FARC of South-East” and selected samples from the collections of the breeding centers of the Russian Federation, VIR, and ICARDA. The variety is middle-maturing, with 50 days from a germination to heading stage, with plant height of 96 cm. On average, through three years (2019–2021), the productivity of the variety exceeded that of the standard variety ‘Krasnokutka 13’ on 0.3 t/ha, and the variety ‘Saratovskaya zolotistaya’ on 0.5 t/ha. In 2020 in the production sowing of the Krasavskoye OPH the maximum productivity was 3.14 t/ha. The variety is characterized by a high percentage of carotenoid pigments, gluten elasticity and strength, an amber-yellow shade of spaghetti, their low digestibility, delicious taste and nutritional value. The new spring durum wheat variety ‘Tamara’ has been included in the State List of Breeding Achievements since 2022. The variety has been recommended for cultivation in the 8th region of the Russian Federation.
The effect of the Rostov corn bug population on the sown winter wheat varieties and the used insecticides
Authors: Kapustkina A. V. , Khilevsky V. A.
Published: July 2022

Winter wheat occupies the main share in the structure of agricultural land in the Rostov region. The main factor in the deterioration of high-quality grain production in this area is the corn bug. Agrotechnical measures and plant protection products used in wheat cultivation have a significant impact on the formation, development and structure of the pest population. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of the sown winter wheat varieties on the number and phenotypic structure of the Rostov corn bug population under the use or absence of chemical treatments. In accordance with the “Methodical recommendations on the registration tests of insecticides, acaricides, molluscicides and rodenticides in agriculture” and phenogenetics methods, there have been conducted the analysis and registration of the corn bug number and the study of its phenotypic structure. There has been established that fluctuations in the number and changes in the intraspecific structure of the corn bug population depended on the varietal characteristics of the sown wheat. The most significant changes in the pest population were established on untreated sowings of the variety ‘Yuka’. There has been found out that the use of insecticides of different chemical classes reduces the number of bug larvae from 3 to 0 pcs./m2 , but at the same time, there is a transformation of the phenotype of the pest population, when the share of morphotype 1 in the structure increases on 13.5–23.5% and the share of morphotype 2 decreases on 10.4–36.3%. The greatest phenotypic modification of the corn bug population was registered on wheat sowings treated with insecticide Bi-58 New, EC (400 g/l), which indicates the need to limit its use or use in tank mixtures.
Aesthetic Experience in Self-identifying Perspective
Authors: Gonotskaya Nadezhda
Published: July 2022

This article reveals the relationship between individual self-awareness, an aesthetic attitude to reality, and art. The basis of the study of their relationship is the analysis of empirical self- consciousness or everyday consciousness, which differs from the pure self-consciousness presented in the classical philosophical tradition. Consideration of features of worldview construction in everyday life and aesthetic orientation of everyday consciousness allows, on the one hand, the reconsideration of the role of art in the formation of personality, and on the other hand, the revelation of the illusory nature of the classical view of the “I” as a monolithic, substantial unity. Contemporary art in particular stimulates us to play with images of the “I,” but at the same time it teaches us to keep distance between game situations and what is constitutive in relation to the “I,” allowing us to consolidate an integral image of ourselves in personality. Art goes beyond museums, actively invades the world of everyday life, and elicits the question of how much we have mastered the “art of being ourselves.”
The Sustainability Management in the Cruise Tourism – An Application
Authors: Crovella Tiziana , Paiano Annarita , Ahmed Bhuiyan Miraj , Lagioia Giovanni
Published: July 2022

This chapter aims to present the sustainability management in the cruise industry, a constantly growing sector, except in 2020 and 2021, which were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. After a literature review that highlighted a limited research interest in these topics, the authors presented the results of a structured analysis conducted in several steps. Firstly, this study focused on the evolution of the cruise sector in terms of the growth of passengers in the last twenty years. Secondly, the authors analyzed the environmental policies adopted by cruise shipping companies and finally, they presented the results of the evaluation of the eco-friendly behavior of cruise passengers.
Tourism Sector in the Crisis: An Evidence of Slovak Travel Agency Satur and Tourism Industry Practitioners from New York
Authors:   Faculty of Management, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, Bratislava, Slovakia, Li Yuanxin , Saxunová Darina ,   Faculty of Management, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
Published: July 2022

The tourism industry together with related industries have been attracting researchers’ focus since the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis due to the immense pandemic impact on this sector. The objective of this chapter is to analyze the overall influence of the pandemic and post-pandemic period on the global tourism sector and the related industries in Slovakia. The authors have selected the example of a Slovak travel agency and investigated its financial performance during the time of the Covid-19 crisis, which experiences an extreme decline in total revenues. Besides, the authors consider an empirical example from a tourism practitioner in New York, who behaves actively and experiences a successful exchange against the shock of the crisis. The favorable news of recovery slowly appearing was the inspiration for the scientific paper which in the end makes suggestions and formulates potential expectations of the future sustainable development of the tourism industry.
Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of International Tourism Development on the Economic Growth of Mediterranean Countries
Authors:   Faculty of Business Economics, University of East Sarajevo, Semberskih ratara, 76300 Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mitrašević Mirela , Pjanić Miloš ,   Faculty of Economics in Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Segedinski put 9-11, 24000 Subotica, Serbia, Marjanović Darko ,   Institute of Economic Sciences, Zmaj Jovina 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Published: July 2022

The research presented in this paper aims to examine the shortterm and long-term effects of international tourism on the economic growth of 17 Mediterranean countries in the period 2000 to 2019. The impact of tourism is not analysed separately. Actually, the indicators of the countries’ labour potential, annual investments, openness to total foreign trade and inflation are also included in the analysis. A panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) evaluation model along with pooled mean group (PMG) estimator was used which proved to be appropriate, based on the characteristics of the panel data series. Our research has shown that the share of international tourism receipts in total exports of a country does not have a statistically significant positive short-term effect on GDP per capita growth, but that it has a statistically significant positive effect in the first lag and a positive long-term effect. Therefore, the hypothesis stating that international tourism receipts have statistically significant short-term and long-term effects on economic growth can be rejected. Our research has shown that economic growth, as a dependent variable, returns to a long-term equilibrium after changing a selected set of independent variables in just over a year. It is vital to note that the size of long-term coefficients obtained by applying the selected model indicates that economic growth is more sensitive to the changes in the share of international tourism in total exports compared to other selected independent variables.
Efficiency Evaluation in the Tourism Sector in Croatia and Serbia: Applications of Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors:   University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia, Fotova Čiković Katerina , Lozić Joško ,   University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia, Milković Marin ,   University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
Published: July 2022

Tourism is one of the most contributing economic sectors globally and is especially important for developing economies, due to its contribution to GDP, creation of new jobs and its impact on economic development. The tourism sector has gained a lot of attention from academia and governments due to its strategic position in the economy. Its efficiency and performance are closely researched and analysed. One of the leading nonparametric methodologies that have been often used to evaluate relative efficiency of homogeneous entities is the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The main goal of this chapter is to identify, present and explore the applications of DEA in different aspects of Croatian and Serbian tourism. Other goals are to present and analyse the findings of the twelve surveyed papers and to highlight the benefits and limitations of the DEA methodology. Additionally, this research represents an incentive and an inspiration to other academic members and researchers to apply the DEA methodology in their future studies when analysing and investigating efficiency in the tourism sector, as well as any other economic sector.
Tourism Development Perspectives of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Possibilities and Limitations
Authors:   Universtity Vitez, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Školska 23 72270 Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jaganjac Jamila , Aljić Merima ,   Tourist Board of Tuzla Canton, Muftije efendije Kurta 1. 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jasak Zoran ,   College of Finance and Accounting FINra, Mitra Trifunovića Uče 6, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: July 2022

Tourism plays an important role and contributes to the overall economic growth and development of the country. As a dynamic industry, tourism contributes to the strengthening of many activities, such as transportation, services, and trade. Statistical data on tourist traffic in Bosnia and Herzegovina were constantly increasing until the outbreak of COVID-19. Intact natural, cultural and historical treasures, multicultural tradition and customs are attractive factors that draw tourists to visit Bosnia and Herzegovina. Other factors affect the development of tourism. This paper analyzes the natural, cultural and historical resources, legislation and organization of institutions as fundamental settings of tourism development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Through primary research, the paper identifies possibilities and limitations for the faster development of tourism. The test methods used are the chi-square test and Cronbach’s alpha.
Historical and Cultural Potentials in the Area of Durres in the Function of Its Sustainable Development
Authors:   “Aleksander Moisiu” University, Political Science and Law Faculty, Department Political Science, Durrës, Albania, Xhaferri Manjola , Tase Mirela ,   “Aleksander Moisiu” University, Business Faculty, Department of Tourism Durrës, Albania
Published: July 2022

Today, in general, all over the world, there is more and more talk about the economic growth of developed and developing countries. One of the successful branches that have contributed to the economic growth of these countries is tourism. Albania is a country with an ancient history reflected in its rich cultural heritage with national and international values. To date, the preservation of its values has been associated with the preservation of national identity, pride, and wealth, while the integration into regional development policies is seen as a good opportunity not only for the preservation of cultural heritage but also for its real contribution to the sustainable economic and social development of the country. Based on the historical and ethnocultural study of Albania in general, and the city of Durres in particular, there is a need for a scientific study oriented to this economic, historical, and cultural attraction, useful and profitable for the regional economy in particular and with a direct impact on the Albanian economy in general. This study highlights the instruments and the way of studying the tourist areas to turn them into important economic centers for the region itself and the national economy. The problem can be posed in this way: Today in Albania there is a need for serious studies on sustainable development, especially in the field of tourism, studies which have not been lacking, but which should be specifically oriented towards a more concise than generalized form, studies that focus on medium or long-term solutions for the development of tourism, mainly historical and cultural, as an important direction for the economic and social development of the country. There are natural resources, human resources, capital, and entrepreneurship initiatives that need to be recognized, valued, oriented, and promoted to increase investment in regional and national tourism. But there is also a significant lack of knowledge on the instruments to be used by these entrepreneurs to be part of success rather than failure, as has happened in some cases for those who have dared to invest in this important sector of the economy and national culture. In the framework of this study, tourism is considered important for sustainable development in the city of Durres. The diversity of cultural monuments, cultural traditions, and traditional hospitality, constitute a strong attraction for domestic and foreign tourists. The aim of this study is the presentation of the tourist potential for the sustainable development of the Durres region, to serve its promotion, as well as the establishment of the relevant tourist infrastructure that will strongly influence the increase of tourists’ interest to visit and create an image for a more attractive and long-term destination.
Urban Culture in Pandemic Era: Opportunities for Using Virtual Marketing Tools in Local Tourism
Authors:   Faculty of Arts, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 50, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic, Pecníková Jana , Mališová Daniela ,   Faculty of Economics, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 10, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic, Moškořová Kristýna ,   Faculty of Economics, VSB – Technical University, Sokolská třída 33, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
Published: July 2022

Today, cities and communities face the challenge of how to maintain urban culture and develop the social and cultural capital of individuals, despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The answer lies in the intersection between Industry 4.0 and marketing tools that can effectively mediate a cultural experience or cultural service in a virtual space. The chapter aims to point out the use of modern marketing tools in local tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main method of the paper is a case study, carried out on selected examples of cultural institutions in Ostrava, Czech Republic. The obtained results show that even after the COVID-19 pandemic, new marketing tools will gain a permanent place in the provision of cultural services and thus also in tourism. This will make urban culture more accessible, open and transparent. At the same time, we assume that thanks to the application of virtual tools, the age limit for the target group of consumers of cultural services will be shifted from the older productive class to young people up to 30 years of age.
Destination Branding and Cultural Tourism – Case from Serbia
Authors:   Institute of Economic Sciences, Zmaj Jovina 12, Belgrade, Serbia, Domazet Ivana , Vukanović Maša ,   Center for Study in Cultural Development, Rige od Fere 4, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: July 2022

Destination branding is icing on the cake of the process of destination- making. This process raises the issues such as attitudes of the local community towards tourism development, regarding utilization of their natural and cultural resources, cooperation of national and local decision- makers, and identification of attractions. Such issues are most noticeable in cultural tourism in which tourists choose their destination motivated by an interest to meet the city’s local culture. As the new museology paradigm shifted focus onto visitors’ experience, museums, guardians and presenters of (local) heritage have become brands of their kind. In their work, they meet the local community’s needs to know better and adequately present their culture and heritage and the needs of tourists to meet local particularities. This paper focused on two towns in Serbia, Valjevo and Kikinda, where museums took a leading role in branding cities as cultural tourism destinations.
The Impact of Information Technology and Software Tools on Improvement of Business of Tourism Sector in the Sarajevo Canton
Authors:   University „VITEZ“, Školska 23, 72270 Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zajmović Mahir , Obhođaš Ibrahim ,   University „VITEZ“, Školska 23, 72270 Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: July 2022

The Internet is undoubtedly the world’s most important social phenomenon, which today is a matter of great interest and research. According to statistics on Internet use, in 2019 the number of Internet users in the world was more than 4 billion. Rise of the Internet, as well as the development of other information and communication technologies, changed significantly modern ways of communication and business in the tourism sector. The analysis of tourist demand arising from the use of information and communication technologies, software, the Internet and social networks is becoming a key element in forecasting future values given the increasingly present new trends based on the use of information and communication technologies. This paper aims to present the impact of IT and software tools on improving the business of the tourism sector in Sarajevo Canton.
Determinants of Employment in Travel and Tourism Industries in EU: A Panel Data Estimation
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor, Razlagova 14, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia, Boršič Darja , Žižek Lea ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor, Razlagova 14, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Published: July 2022

This chapter presents tourism indicators and determinants of employment in tourism activities in the Member States of the European Union, analyzed for the period from 1995 to 2019. The analysis of countries’ travel and tourism contribution to gross domestic product and employment shows the development and causes of each EU members’ position in this field in the observed period. The countries that had both, the lowest average percentage of contribution to employment and GDP, during the analyzed period are Slovak Republic, Poland, Lithuania, Romania, Belgium, and Luxembourg. The group of countries that had the highest average contribution of tourism and tourism related industries to employment and GDP included Austria, Croatia, Greece, and Malta. The empirical analysis applied panel data techniques in order to estimate the determinants of employment in tourism industries, such as capital investment in tourism activities, and domestic and foreign tourism spending. Results confirm the positive effect of investment and domestic and foreign spending on employment in tourism industries as well as in tourism-related industries.
Impact of Terrorism on Tourism Demand in the EU and the Mediterranean
Authors:   Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Kardeljeva pl. 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Berce Jaro , Lacmanović Darko ,   Montenegro Tourism School, Josipa Broza Tita bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro, Raspor Andrej ,   CEATM d.o.o. (Central Europe Association of Tourism Management), Dolga Poljana 57, 5271 Vipava, Slovenia
Published: July 2022

The impact of terrorism on tourism causes the specific context in which tourism trips are realised. The relationship between terrorism and tourism was researched many decades ago. There are many open questions regarding the stated impact. The main goal of this paper is to find out some important facts considering the impact of terrorism regarding global and regional tourist demand. The article emphasises that security is an important factor for stable tourism growth. Security is certainly one of the most important factors for a tourist when deciding for a destination. However, this is all more important in the countries where the political and economic situation is not stable. There are still doubts what is the reason for a greater negative effect on tourism in the countries that are not considered western. Is it only about perception and media coverage or are non-western countries negating the effects with better responses and PR activities? Using methodology applied in this research, country statistical offices can estimate when tourism will return to its pre-terrorist period.
Left Branch Cardiac Stimulation. Beginning of a Program in Icu
Authors: Carranza Pinel Antonio
Published: July 2022

Cardiac pacing is the only treatment available for patients with Symptomatic bradyarrhythmias in the absence of reversible causes. For about 50 Apical right ventricular pacing has been used for years.
Correlates and Severity of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in an Afro-Arab-cross Ethnic Community
Authors: A Giha Hayder
Published: July 2022

Background: The cardiovascular (CV) diseases, including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in T2DM. The LVH is associated with ventricular arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure and sudden death. Although the LVH is frequent in T2DM, screening for this disorder is frequently done. Material and Methods: In this study, 120 Sudanese T2DM patients were recruited, (70 with and 50 without LVH) from four cardiac centers in Khartoum, the latter is inhabited by most of the Sudanese Afro-Arab ethnic groups. Clinical data were obtained from almost all patients together with measurement of glycemic and renal parameters. Echocardiography was performed for each patient, the left ventricle geometry components including the relative wall thickness (RWT) were estimated and the left ventricle mass index (LVMI) was calculated. Results: The commonest LVH type was eccentric (65.7%), and grade was severe (37.1%), and both were strongly associated, p<0.001, while the frequency of the mild LVH was 28.6%. Out of 10 tested variables only HhA1c (p<0.001), urea (p=0.039) and creatinine (p=0.043) were significantly associated with LVH, while the sex, age, T2DM duration, smoking, obesity, random and fasting blood glucose were not. Moreover, the LVMI was positively correlated with HbA1c (CC0.188, p<0.039), and negatively with RWT (CC-0.495, p<0.000). Finally, significantly higher number of patients with IHD (p=0.038) and cerebral complications (p=0.014) had LVH. Conclusion: In this unique setting of interethnic cross, the results suggest that more genetic than environmental factors could be involved in diabetic LVH development.
The Bicuspid Aortic Valve – Various Phenotypic Expressions
Authors: E Paterick Timothy
Published: July 2022

The phenotypic expressions of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) are unpredictable, and difficult to compartmentalize. In current times the BAV is noted to represent approximately 50% of isolated severe aortic stenosis cases requiring surgery, and has been associated with aortic regurgitation, bacterial endocarditis and aortic dissection. Echocardiography is the diagnostic test to identify BAV. The clinical associations coupled with the high prevalence of BAV have made this an important area of clinical inquiry. We will explore the vast horizons and multifaceted challenges of the bicuspid aortic valve and our current understanding of this complex entity.
Distinguish Thyroid Malignant From Benign Alterations Using Chemical Element Contents in Nodular Tissue Determined By Neutron Activation and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Zaichick Vladimir
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Thyroid benign (TBN) and malignant (TMN) nodules are a common thyroid lesion. The differentiation of TMN often remains a clinical challenge and further improvements of TMN diagnostic accuracy are warranted. The aim of present study was to evaluate possibilities of using differences in chemical elements (ChEs) contents in nodular tissue for diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. Methods: Contents of nineteen ChEs including aluminum (Al), boron (B), barium (Ba), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), coper (Cu), iron (Fe), I (iodine), potassium (K), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) were prospectively evaluated in nodular tissue of thyroids with TBN (79 patients) and to TMN (41 patients). Measurements were performed using a combination of non-destructive and destructive methods: instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Results: that in TMN tissue means of Br, I, Na, S, and V mass fractions are approximately 2.9, 15, 1.25, 1.15, and 1.7 times, respectively, lower, while the means of Ca, K, Mg, and P mass fraction are 2.3, 1.4, 1.4, and 2.0 times, respectively, higher those in TBN tissue. Mean contents of Al, B, Ba, Cl, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Si, Sr, and Zn found in the TBN and TMN groups of nodular tissue samples were similar. Conclusions: It was proposed to use the I mass fraction as well as I/Ca, I/K, I/Mg, and I/P mass fraction ratios in a needle-biopsy of thyroid nodules as a potential tool to diagnose thyroid malignancy. Further studies on larger number of samples are required to confirm our findings and proposals.
Analisa Perancanaan Lumpur Pemboran Menggunakan HPEBM pada Sumur "E" Lapangan "P"
Authors: Eko Eko Prastio
Published: July 2022

The “E” well to be drilled is a development well in the “P” field located in the North Sumatra Basin. During the drilling operation in well “E” using HPWBM, HPWBM is used to overcome shale instability. This water-based mud is used because it is cheaper and more economical than using oil-based mud. However, this mud needs to be added with other chemicals because HPWBM has a weakness in controlling shale formation. The mud system design for the “E” well uses the offset well method, which uses data from nearby wells for comparison. Well “E” is divided into two intervals. Hole interval 12 1/4" with 9 5/8" casing from 24 m to 290 m depth using HPWBM. Then proceed with 8 1/2" hole intervals with 7" casing from 290 m to 530 m depth using the same mud. The problem this well will face is pressure at a depth of 500 m, thus increasing the mud density from 12 ppg to 14 ppg to prevent kick.
Pemanfaatan Alga Coklat Sargassum sp pada Pembuatan Kemasan Air Mineral yang Dapat Dikonsumsi
Authors: Nurfatia Rizqia  , Rahayu Susanti , Thifalia Sahda Nabila , Sukreni Tulus
Published: July 2022

Packaged mineral water has become a daily necessity for Indonesians for its practicality. The raw material used in mineral water container is made of plastic because the price is cheaper, and the characteristics of it are strong and lightweight when compared to other polymers. However, the plastic waste produced is difficult to be decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, causing environmental pollution. There have been many researches on the production of environmentally friendly plastic packaging. One of the raw materials used is alginate because it contains ester compounds which are the requirement for making biodegradable plastics. The alginate compound contained in seaweed is a polysaccharide obtained from the extraction of brown seaweed such as Sargassum sp which is found in Indonesian waters. Gel formation can be done by diffusion with the spherification method. This method is the simplest technique, where the gel is formed by diffusion of calcium ions into the alginate solution. The results showed that sodium alginate derived from seaweed can be used as a raw material in the production of mineral water packaging that can be consumed by using the spherification techniques. The packaging product which is shaped like a bubble is safe for consumption and is biodegradable.
Rancang Bangung Aplikasi Alumni Berbasis Web Studi Kasus pada SDN Bungur 03 Jakarta Pusat
Authors: Rizky Rizky Ganda Wicaksono , Ramos Samuel , Whendasmoro Raditya Galih
Published: July 2022

Abstrak

SDN Bungur 03 merupakan sebuah sekolah dasar negeri yang ada di Jakarta tepatnya di jakarta pusat yang dimana didalamnya ada bagian yang mengurus lulusan atau para alumni sekolah tersebut yaitu tata usaha yang bertugas mendata para lulusan atau alumni sekolah ini. Pada prosesnya memiliki beberapa masalah yaitu proses pendataan data lulusan atau alumni yang masih menggunakan kertas sebagai folmulir data alumni, dan dalam proses pendataan para alumni masih harus datang langsung ke sekolah untuk mengisi data alumni yang dimana para alumni sudah banyak kesibukan sendiri dengan kegiatan di sekolah, kampus atau di tempat kerja yang tidak memungkinkan para alumni sempat untuk mengisi atau memperbaharui data alumni pada sekolah. Dalam mendefinisikan kebutuhan dan analisa serta perancangan sistem untuk perusahaan dibutuhkan metode pengumpulan data dengan cara studi pustaka, observasi, wawancara, perancangan, dan pengujian. Untuk metode analisa dan konsep sistem informasi ini digunakan model unifeld modelling language (UML). Hasil dari penulisan skripsi ini akan dibangunnya sistem informasi berbasis web yang diharapkan mampu menghadapi permasalahan yang ada pada pihak sekolah dan pihak alumni tersebut. Sistem informasi keterampilan yang dimiliki setiap manusia ini dibuat dengan memakai bahasa pemrograman PHP, database MySql. Dengan adanya sistem informasi alumni pada SDN Bungur 03 ini maka dapat menangani keluhan yang dialami pihak sekolah dan alumni pada proses sistem berjalan. Seperti adanya laporan pendataan alumni dan formulir data alumni berupa form, sehingga mengurangi penggunaan kertas pada formulir dan berkas lampiran.
Analisis Strategi Pengembangan Wisata Lontar Sewu menggunakan Metode SWOT
Authors: Kurmidianata Mujid , Suwasono Bagiyo
Published: July 2022

This study aims to develop lake tourism by prioritizing of strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the development of lake tourism located in Hendrosari Village, Gresik Regency. Which aims to optimize the potential that potential that exits in the lake to be used as a plate to find income because the tourism object is quite promising and the village community to developp and utilize these resources is very high. lake tour. In carrying out this development, the author will use several methods that will be used to determine the feasibility of developing lake tourism in hendrosari village, including the SWOT analysis method (Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats).