bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitivity and mood in Helon Habila’s Waiting for an Angel and Ngózi Chuma-Udeh’s Forlorn Fate
Authors:   Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Chukwemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Nigeria., Ngozi Madu Bridget , Kechinyere Njoku Innocentia ,   Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Chukwemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Nigeria., Ify Udoye ,   Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Chukwemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Nigeria., Ify Akabike ,   Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Chukwemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

This study examines transitivity and mood in Helon Habila’s Waiting for an Angel and Ngozi Chuma-Udeh’s Forlorn Fate. It is a textual analysis with particular emphasis on the functional value of the language use in relation to the transitivity system and mood system inherent in the extracted sentences which form the data and their significance. The research design for this study is a descriptive qualitative method of analysis based on some principal approaches to the analysis of a text. The theoretical framework that guides this study is Halliday’s Systemic Functional Theory of Grammar (SFG) propounded in the 1960s which lays emphasis on the functions of language in context of situation. The tool is syntax. The findings of the research show that Habila makes use of suitable actors, processes, goals and appropriate clauses to highlight the portrayal of poverty, disillusionment, misgovernance and political ineptitude under autocracy in Nigeria as portrayed in the work. Chuma-Udeh as a descriptive writer also uses suitable actors, processes, goals and appropriate clauses to capture vividly the grave living conditions of the inhabitants of the Odua Ancient Kingdom and ecological issues in the Niger Delta. The authors conclude that the writers are able to communicate their message powerfully and creditably to the audience. They use appropriate abstract concepts and human characters in the novels as actors and participants. The linguistic structures used in the texts enable the writers to communicate powerfully as well as creditably, both their social and personal experiences.
Towards a theorization of communal war subgenre of action film in selected Nollywood films
Authors:   Department of Theatre and Film Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria., Iloma Nyenwemaduka Richard
Published: May 2024

The action film is one film genre that has attracted serious attention in scholarship. The hero in this genre is presented in a plethora of challenging situations that primarily revolve around violence, close fights, desperate chases, explosions and other life-threatening physical conditions. The action film in Nollywood currently focuses only on an infinitesimal aspect of Nigerian life basically revolving around armed bandits, drug organizations and human trafficking amongst others. Given that Nigeria is a country that is replete with a vast history of heroic activities, this study attempts to expand the horizon to the study of the action film genre in Nollywood by investigating its conventional codes from other aspects of Nigerian life, particularly from the communal war experience. The study is guided by the theory of genre as a framework to analyze two purposively sampled films namely: Invasion 1897, and Battle of Musanga. This research adopts the qualitative methodology of textual interpretation of the selected films to arrive at its results. Among its findings is the fact that apart from the mainstream action film genre in Nollywood, observable features of the genre are copiously found in communal war backgrounds of traditional Nigerian society. This study contributes to knowledge by delineating the codes and conventions that could aid critical discourses on the Communal War sub-generic classification of the action film in Nollywood. It is, therefore part of the recommendations of this study that more attention is paid to the development of indigenous canons to aid intellectual discourses on the African film.
Christianization without westernization: A study of Acts 15:19-20 in relation to African-Western discriminatory bias
Authors:   Department of Religion and Human Relations, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria., Obielosi Dominic
Published: May 2024

It is a happy news and a welcome development that Christianity registered an incomparable acceptance and growth in Africa. Religion deals with faith. It can make or mar the people’s development depending on how it is presented. It is appreciable that Christian missionaries to Africa brought with them civilization, ranging from education, politics, and even socio-economic area. However, the spate of fanaticism and fundamentalism in Africa not unconnected with a misconstruction of the biblical message is worrisome. Of greater concern is the inability of some Africans to distinguish between the truth of Christianity and the western bias. Left in a confused state not unconnected with the teaching by some confused or biased missionaries, some Africans repudiate African culture on the altar of Christian belief. The hardworking African has turned into a lazy one on the hope that God takes care of him. Her highly spiritualized culture has been abandoned for fear of idolatry. Her strong family cohesion has been exchanged with western individualism. Her respect for elders and ancestors has been replaced with blames against the ancestors for their woes and failure. This paper employs exegetical lens to study the response of the Apostles in the face of similar problems in the gentile world. It then exhorts Africans to accept that which is authentically Christian without neglecting her richly cultural heritage.
A comparative analysis of African traditional method of curbing crime and the EndSARS protest in Nigeria
Authors:   Crowther Graduate Theological Seminary, Abeokuta, Nigeria., Ogbuehi Friday Ifeanyichukwu
Published: May 2024

The Nigerian police as a law enforcement agency is saddled with the responsibilities of protecting lives and property and maintenance of law and order in Nigeria. It is noteworthy that the Nigerian Police set up Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) to fight the high rate of Armed Robbery and other criminality in the country. Consequently, the manner in which it carried out its duties resulted in the Nigerian youths protesting for the squad to be disbanded with the slogan ‘EndSARS’. It is observed that during the protest, Nigeria became restive that finally led to the loss of lives and property. The paper focused on how religion, particularly African Traditional Religion has provided a fulcrum on which social and moral control of the youths revolve with the aim of forestalling future occurrence of EndSARS protest in Nigeria. The work used a phenomenological approach. It was descriptive and analytical. The writer collected data from primary and secondary sources. It was discovered that social control in the traditional societies randomly selected by the writer was religiously inclined and moral laxity was frowned at owing to its attraction of the wrath of the gods on the offenders and the entire village and community if the culprits were not given appropriate punishment. While in a secular country like Nigeria where enforcement of morality has no link with religion, the contrary is always the case. The writer recommended that police brutality should be abolished in this country; rather the police and the youths should apply their African traditional religious tenets in all their doings which will not only checkmate crime but also help in forestalling future occurrence of EndSARS protest. To ensure justice and peace, victims of police brutality have to be compensated.
A synoptic analysis of male chauvinism on women in The Concubine, Efuru and On Black Sisters’ Street
Authors:   Department of Linguistics, Igbo and Other Nigerian Languages, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria., Okechukwu Uchechukwu Ifeatu , Okeke Gloria Tochukwu ,   Department of Linguistics, Igbo and Other Nigerian Languages, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on abuse meted on the female folks by themselves and their male counterparts using some selected novels. The study aims at examining the various forms and manifestations of abuse on African women and the socio-psychological implications on them. Data analysed in this work are elicited from The Concubine, Efuru and On Black Sisters’ Street, respectively. After descriptive analysis, this paper reveals that abuse of women can be social, verbal and sexual. The study also shows that abuse of any kind affects the victims negatively. One of the significant effects of abuse is that it crushes the individual’s self-esteem, thereby hampering her self-confidence and willpower. This psychological disposition does not in any way benefit both the victim or the larger society. The paper finally posits that abuse, therefore, should be done away with for a better and healthier society.
Effects of scientific modernization in the human society: A critical appraisal in the light of Jacques Ellul’s thought with Nigeria in perspective
Authors:   Department of Social Sciences, School of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra, Nigeria., Azuakor Paul Okwuchukwu , Nwaka Ferdinand ,   Department of Social Sciences, School of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

The motivation for this paper is the clear strides made by science and technology in the world today together with the apparent abuse and dangers inherent in the same science and technology and the products therefrom. Ellul, the philosopher whose position in this area points out that both science and technology inhere a dialectic facticity of the good and the bad all at once, was chosen as the point of departure as well as of arrival in the treatment of this knotty problem. The methods of critical observation and library research were employed. And the rational tools of deduction, analysis, evaluation and synthesis were also used. It was discovered that science and technology have through modernization influenced human society very deeply; positively as well as negatively. The objective of the study then is to demand critical and rational assimilation and use of science and technology and their products, which are like a double-edged sword; they enhance human life in society if well used but could be very destructive if abused. Recommendations include: rational use of the products of science and technology in modern society, respect for the ambience of morality, punishment for unlawful use of the products for harming of humans, responsible manipulation of nature, etc.
The Feminist Dimension of Niger River Exploration: Accounts of memorable confrontations between the African woman and the Nineteenth Century European Explorer Mungo Park
Authors:   Institute of African Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria., Nwaezeigwe Nwankwo T.
Published: May 2024

The exploration of West Africa through the tortuous search of the once elusive River Niger by Europeans is no doubt a popular theme in the history of West Africa. But very little has been written about the significant roles of the African woman in the overall process of the various expeditions by European explorers in search of the Niger. That there is therefore a lacuna in the presentation of the African woman in this aspect of West African history is a fact which needs to be addressed. In addressing this lacuna, the present study takes a look at the fundamental roles women played during the first expedition to the Niger by Mungo Park that profoundly assured his survival and subsequent success of the expedition. In doing this, the work re-enforces the concept of “Mother Africa” against the modern and often fanciful concept of feminism imposed from without. It shows that the African woman defined conceptually as “Mother” under traditional African historical setting has never seen herself in conflict with the men folk but rather sees her role as complimentary and often times decisive when the roles of the men folk fails to present the desired result. As a historical work, every aspect of its approach is predicated on historical methodology.
The power of sacrifice and word in Igbo magical powers
Authors:   Philosophy Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria., Nwobodo Ratzinger E. E.
Published: May 2024

Sacrifice is a religious act in which an object is offered to supernatural beings in order to build up, maintain or restore a right relationship of men to pure or perfect order. It is an essential means of restitution of vital force. Sacrifice is an important aspect of every religion and occultic practices. Magicians are seen performing different kinds of sacrifices. These sacrifices are performed at different times of the day; in the morning, at noon and/or in the midnight when everyone including spirits are believed to must have returned from their daily engagements. While offering sacrifices, the magician utters words, incantations and prayers. The word is indispensable in the practice of magic. Considering the inevitability of these two; sacrifice and the word in the magician's practice of his calling, one begins to wonder what role they play. What is the role of sacrifices in magical powers? Why are these sacrifices performed with vocalized prayers? Are uttered words really indispensable in the practice of magic? Why are most of their prayers and supplications during the sacrifice voiced? A hermeneutic approach to this study reveals that sacrifice revitalizes the potency and the efficacy of the magic and also a way of manipulating nature to achieve the magician's goal. It also shows that voiced words of prayer are more potent than silent words of prayer.
Exploring the history of colonial towns as centres of national integration: The example of Kafanchan Town, 1926-2011
Authors:   Department of History, Adamawa State University Mubi, Adamawa, Nigeria., Luka Nathaniel Bobby Gimba , Kwalbe Godwin Danjuma ,   Department of History, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

This paper is a critical inquiry into the process and evolution and urbanization of Kafanchan Town from 1926 to 2011. It is based on the appreciation of the impact of British colonial rule in Nigeria as against the usual dismissive Marxist approach to studying European activities in Africa. The research methodology adopted is an interpretation of both primary (oral/archival) and secondary (published) sources to reconstruct the history of the town. On concluding the work, the analysis of both primary and secondary sources traced the history of the town to the construction of the railway line from the eastern part of Nigeria that culminated into a station located on an uninhabited plot of land. This station is significant because it provided a system of transportation that serves as a link among Nigerians from different backgrounds and also precipitated the process of urbanization in this area. The town has evolved into a centre for national integration. From its beginning, it was cosmopolitan in nature thereby serving as a critical area in enhancing unity in a multicultural society like Nigeria. It started with the sheds erected as quarters for the construction workers and staff of the Nigerian Railways who were composed of diverse ethnic groups; some of the early workers were Yoruba, Igbo, Edo, Tiv, Hausa/Fulani, and the bulk of the natives. The paper therefore posits that colonial infrastructures as part of its economy had a positive impact in knitting the socio-political fabrics of the Nigerian area. This, if properly harnessed, would turn the tide of the much needed national integration in our heterogonous society for a progressive development.
Intestinal helminth parasites of Felis catus in Syangja, Nepal
Authors:   Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, kirtipur, Kathmandu., Sharma Navina , Subedi Janak Raj ,   Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, kirtipur, Kathmandu., Thapa Muna ,   Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, kirtipur, Kathmandu., Pandey Kishor ,   Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, kirtipur, Kathmandu.
Published: May 2024

Domestic cats can be infested by a huge range of parasite species, leading to a range of diverse clinical signs and symptoms. However, a comprehensive understanding of these endoparasites, particularly in the context of multiparasitism, remains limited. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasites on domestic cats in Arjunchaupari Rural Municipality of Syangja District, Nepal. The study was carried out from November 2017 to June 2018. A total of 30 fresh feline fecal samples were collected and examined by using the Saline wet method and sedimentation technique. Overall, 21 (70%) fecal samples were found to be positive for different parasitic infections. Four different helminth parasitic species were encountered as Toxocara cati (40%), Toxascaris leonina (16.67%), and Ancylostoma tubaeforme (10%) belonging to nematodes and a species of cestode: Hymenolepis diminuta (6.67%). Nematode infection (66.67%) was found to be comparatively more common than cestode infection (6.67%). Statistically, the relationship between the cestode and nematode parasite is significant (x2 = 0.232, p>0.05). The high incidence of parasitism of cats was due to the relative influence of behaviour and a contaminated environment since these cats lived in the same environment as other domestic animals. The study recommended that studies on all kinds of gastrointestinal parasites, including protozoan parasites, would be better to get more knowledge about parasites and their risk of transmission.
Haematological parameters of sheep in the semi-arid zone of North Eastern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Federal University P. M. B. 1005 Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria., Boyi B. , Maidala A. ,   Department of Animal Science, Federal University P. M. B. 1005 Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria., Makinde Olayinka John ,   Department of Animal Science, Federal University P. M. B. 1005 Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria., Badmus K. A. ,   Department of Animal Science, Federal University P. M. B. 1005 Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria., Dunya A. ,   Department of Animal Science, Federal University P. M. B. 1005 Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Haematological parameters of sheep in the semi-arid zone of North-Eastern Nigeria were studied between August 2022 and April, 2023. Blood was sampled from one hundred and sixty-eight sheep comprising of Yankasa, Balami and Uda (56 per breed) at the Federal University Gashua Teaching and Research Farm, Gashua abattoir and Garin Alkali goats and sheep markets. The study was carried out to determine the blood profile of prominent indigenous sheep breeds in the study area. Blood samples were carefully collected from the animals into labeled sterile bottles containing Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid for haematological examination. Data analyzed for the effect of breed, sex and age were not significantly affected (p>0.05) for packed cell volume (PCV) and haemaglobin (Hb) concentration. Consequently, values of PCV and Hb differed significantly (p<0.05) with season in favour of wet season, (40.87%) and (13.63g/dl) for PCV and Hb respectively. Values for red blood cell (10.18 x103/µL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (35.11g/dl), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (12.71 Pg), mean corpuscular volume (45.86 Fl) and white blood cell (10.72 x103/µL) were significantly higher (p<0.05) for Uda sheep. Adult sheep generally had significantly (p<0.05) higher values for haematologic parameters considered. It was concluded that there were breed, sex, age and seasonal differences in haematological parameters of the sheep breeds studied. The blood parameters needed to be monitored frequently and appropriately controlled to ensure stability and adequate health and nutritional status of sheep.
नरेन्द्र दाइ उपन्यासको विवक्षा
Authors: खतिवडा Khatiwada माधवप्रसाद Madhavprasad
Published: May 2024

‘नरेन्द्र दाइ’ उपन्यासमा मनोवैज्ञानिक प्रवृत्तिको निरूपण गर्ने सिलसिलामा उपन्यासकार विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाको सामान्य परिचय दिइएको छ । अलग–अलग शीर्षक राखी विषय परिचयमा विषयवस्तु खुलाउन ‘नरेन्द्र दाइ’ उपन्यासको कथावस्तुलाई सामान्य चिनारीका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । मनोविज्ञानको सामान्य परिचय दिई त्यसका उपकरणको सामान्य चर्चा गर्दै एउटा पुरुषका पत्नी र प्रेमिका बीचको सटीक चर्चा गरिएको छ । प्राज्ञिक समस्याका रूपमा ‘नरेन्द्र दाइ’ उपन्यासमा कुन मनोविज्ञानको प्रयोग गरिएको छ भन्ने समस्या राखी ‘नरेन्द्र दाइ’ उपन्यासमा प्रयुक्त असामान्य मनोविज्ञान वा मनोविज्ञानको विशिष्ट पक्षको निरूपण गर्ने उद्देश्य किटान गरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस आलेखमा सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका रूपमा पाश्चात्य वाङ्मयको मनोविश्लेषणात्मक पद्धतिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसअघि भए गरिएका पूर्वकार्यको सामान्य चर्चा गरी विश्लेषणीय पक्षलाई अँगाल्दै उक्त उपन्यासमा प्रयुक्त औपन्यासिक प्रयोग गरी वियोगान्त उपन्यास हो भन्ने निष्कर्षमा पुगिएको छ ।
वाक्य विश्लेषणको स्वरूप र प्रक्रिया
Authors: लम्साल Lamsal माधव Madhav
Published: May 2024

वाक्य विश्लेषण निरूपण लेखमा सर्वप्रथम वाक्यको सामान्य परिचय दिइएको छ । विषयवस्तुलाई प्रष्ट्याउन अलग–अलग उपशीर्षक राखी विषय परिचयमा विषयवस्तु खुलाउन ‘वाक्य विश्लेषण’ को विषयवस्तुलाई चिनारीका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । वाक्यको आवश्यक तत्व योग्यता, आकाङ्क्षा र आसत्तिलाई सामान्य परिचय दिई त्यसका उपकरणको चर्चा गर्दै सरल वाक्य, संयुक्त वाक्य र मिश्रवाक्यको सटीक व्याख्या गरिएको छ । प्राज्ञिक समस्याका रूपमा नेपाली वैयाकरण परम्परामा वाक्यको महनीय स्थान छ भन्ने निरूपण गर्ने उद्देश्य किटान गरिएको छ । सामग्री सङ्कलन तथा विश्लेषणका क्रममा पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनको उपयोग गरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका रूपमा पूर्वीय–पाश्चात्य व्याकरणात्मक सिद्धान्तको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसअघि भए–गरिएका पूर्वकार्यको सामान्य चर्चा गरी विश्लेषणतर्फ अघि बढिएको छ । वाक्यको परिचय रचना पद्धतिलगायतका विश्लेषणीय पक्षलाई अँगाल्दै वाक्यमा प्रयुक्त विभिन्न घटकहरूको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ र वाक्यमा विभिन्न घटक हुन्छन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
आई. ए. रिचर्डसका मलूभूत साहित्य सिद्धान्तहरू
Authors: शर्मा Sharma यादवप्रसाद Yadavprasad
Published: May 2024

आई. ए. रिचर्डसका ‘मूल्य सिद्धान्त, सम्प्रेषण सिद्धान्त र कल्पना सिद्धान्तजस्ता साहित्य सिद्धान्तलाई सङ्क्षिप्त एवं प्रस्टरूपमा प्रस्तुत गर्ने उद्देश्यमा केन्द्रित यस लेखका लागि पुस्तकालयीय सा्रेतबाट सामग्री सङ्कलन गरिएको छ रयसरी सङ्कलित सामग्रीको विश्लेषण गरेर सिद्धान्तको परीक्षण गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा सर्वप्रथम रिचर्डसको सङ्क्षिप्त परिचय दिनुका साथै उनका सिद्धान्तहरूको पृष्ठभूमि प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ र अन्त्यमा आन्तरिक सन्तुलनका कारण थोरैभन्दा थोरै एषणा, अनुभूति वा आवेगहरू विफल, परित्यक्त, दमित वा वर्जित हुने हुँदा कलाकारकै मनोव्यवस्थालाई उच्चतम ठान्ने रिचर्डस मध्यमार्गी देखिए पनि दश–दशमांस आवेगहरूको स्थायी विश्रान्तिको स्थितिको प्राप्ति प्रज्ञामा स्थित नरहेसम्म अर्थात् पूर्ण रूपमा साक्षी वा स्थितप्रज्ञ नबनेसम्म सम्भव नै हुँदैन भन्ने कुरामा अनभिज्ञ नै देखिन्छन् । रिचर्डसले पाठक साहित्यकारजति व्युत्पत्तिसम्पन्न, बहुश्रुत तथा बहुविज्ञ नभएको स्थितिमा सम्प्रेषणमा कठिनाइ आइपर्ने र सम्प्रेष्यता कमजोर हुने अवस्था आउनसक्ने सम्भावना रहे पनि सम्प्रेषणका दृष्टिले कृति प्रभावकारी हुनाको प्रमुख कारण रुपतात्विक विशेषता रहेको र यदाकदा नयाँ सामाजिक अभिवृत्तिका विकासले उच्च मूल्यका कृति पनि कम लोकप्रिय हुन सक्ने कुरा पनि औँल्याएका छन् । रिचर्डसले विरुद्ध वा विसंवादी महत्व/गुणहरूबीच सन्तुलन/समन्वय कायम गर्ने संश्लेषणात्मक शक्तिका रूपमा कल्पनालाई चिनाउँदै विरेचन प्रक्रियालाई पनि मूल्य सिद्धान्त तथा कल्पना सिद्धान्तसँग जोडेर पुनव्र्याख्या गर्ने प्रयत्न गरेका छन् । उनले कलरिजको कल्पना सिद्धान्त र आफ्नै मूल्य सिद्धान्तको व्याख्याका निम्ति सर्वोत्कृष्ट उदाहरणका रूपमा दुःखान्त नाटकलाई ग्रहण गरेका छन् किनभने त्रास र करूणाजस्ता परस्पर विपरीत आवेगहरूको सन्तुलन, सामञ्जस्य तथा समाहिति दुःखान्त नाटकमा जति समृद्ध रूपमा अन्यत्र भेटिँदैन । यसरी कल्पना सिद्धान्तमा मूल्यवादी रिचर्डस, कल्पनावादी कलरिज र विरेचनवादी अरिस्टोटलजस्ता तीन महान् चिन्तकहरूको सैद्धान्तिक मिलन भएको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष दिइएको छ ।
‘हरिदत्त’ कथामा आख्यान तत्व
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari सुशिला ढकाल Sushila Dhakal
Published: May 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाद्वारा रचित ‘हरिदत्त’ कथामा प्रयुक्त आख्यान तत्वको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला आधुनिक नेपाली आख्यान साहित्यअन्तर्गत सामाजिक, मनोवैज्ञानिक, यथार्थवादी कथाकार हुन् । ‘हरिदत्त’ कथा कोइरालाको उत्कृष्ट यौन मनोवैज्ञानिक कथाहरूमध्येको एउटा महत्वपूर्ण कथा हो । यसमा एकातिर हरिदत्तको दमित र कुण्ठित यौनमनोविज्ञानको चित्रण गरिएको छ भने अर्कोतिर उसको मनमा व्याप्त निराशाको भाव र अस्थिर मनस्थितिको पनि सरल र रोचक शैलीमा वर्णन गरिएको छ । ‘हरिदत्त’ कथामा आख्यान तत्वको उपयोग के कसरी गरिएको छ भन्ने जिज्ञासालाई मूल समस्याका रूपमा लिएर उक्त कथामा प्रयुक्त आख्यानतत्त्वको विश्लेषण गर्ने उद्देश्य यसमा राखिएको छ । पुस्तकालय अध्ययनद्वारा सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी विश्लेषण विधिको प्रयोगबाट कथाको तत्वगत अध्ययन गरी निर्धारित तत्वहरूलाई कुशलताका साथ प्रयोग गरी कथालाई उत्कर्षमा पुर्याइएको छ । कथामा प्रयुक्त आख्यान तत्वलाई हेर्दा विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाको हरिदत्त कथामा पुरुष यौनमनोविज्ञानलाई सूक्ष्म ढङ्गबाट केलाएर प्रस्तुत गरिएको यस अध्ययनबाट निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
पर्दाभित्र... उपन्यासमा पात्रविधान
Authors: तिमिल्सिना Timilsina हरिप्रसाद Hariprasad
Published: May 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख गङ्गाप्रसाद भेटवालद्वारा लिखित पर्दाभित्र.....उपन्यासमा पात्रहरूको भूमिका र संयोजनमा आधारित छ । उपन्यासमा प्रयुक्त पात्र र तिनको भूमिकाका आधारमा अध्ययन गरी तिनै प्रकारका पात्रहरूको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस उपन्यासमा मुख्य पात्रहरूमा पनि मुख्य भूमिका वसन्ते, ज्योतिषिबाबा र ज्योतिषिआमाका रहेका छन् । पात्र संयोजनको प्रमुख भूमिका निर्वाह गराउन खनाल अङ्कलको भूमिका रहेको छ । यसरी यी चार पात्रको माध्यमबाट कथानकले मुख्य गन्तव्यसम्म पुग्ने संयोग जुराएको छ । यसैगरी सहायक पात्रहरूमा चौथो परिच्छेददेखि पन्ध्रौँ परिच्छेदसम्म आएका पात्रहरू वकिल, पूर्व न्यायाधीश, साहुजी, महिला, सरला, विक्रम, सेवाग्राही, डम्बरध्वज, पिताम्बरजी, तिवारीजी, प्रोफेसर, डाक्टर लगायतका पात्रहरू रहेका छन् । अति गौण पात्रको रूपमा सुन्दर लावती, तुङ्गनाथ उपाध्याय लगायतका पात्रहरू रहेका छन् । यी सबै पात्रहरूको संयोजनबाट पर्दाभित्र... उपन्यास पात्रविधानका दृष्टिकोणबाट उत्कृष्ट उपन्यास रहेको ठहरिन्छ । यो उपन्यासले हाम्रो समाजमा स्वस्थ, शिक्षित, सक्षम युवा पुस्ता पनि रहेका छन् तर तिनीहरू यो समाज बदल्नलाई सक्रिय रूपले अगाडि निक्ली नसकेको अवस्था भएको कारणले वसन्तेको माध्यमबाट ती समस्त युवाहरूलाई देशको चौतर्फी विकास गर्न, संस्कृतिको संरक्षण गर्न र नेपाली पहिचानलाई सुदृढ बनाउन अगाडि आउन आह्वान गरिएको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
A Systematic and Observational Study of Good Time Management
Authors: Sharma Bhim Prasad
Published: May 2024

This present research article delves into the intricate landscape of time management, dissecting its significance, challenges, and the transformative potential it holds for individuals seeking enhanced productivity and life satisfaction. The study navigates through the benefits of effective time management, ranging from increased productivity and improved work-life balance to stress reduction and goal achievement. Common obstacles, including procrastination and lack of prioritization, are identified and addressed with practical strategies. The article unfolds a comprehensive set of strategies for effective time management, emphasizing prioritization, planning, and the utilization of tools. Special attention is given to overcoming procrastination, a pervasive hindrance to optimal time utilization, with actionable tips to foster proactive behavior. Additionally, the research offers insights into the creation of a personalized time management plan, encouraging individuals to tailor strategies to their unique needs and goals. Concluding with a call to action, the article motivates readers to commit to change, implement strategies gradually, and share their time management journey. A curated list of additional resources provides avenues for further exploration, ensuring a continuous learning process for individuals seeking to master the art of time management. This research article serves as a valuable guide for those striving to navigate the complexities of modern life with intentionality, purpose, and effective time utilization.
Rheomicroscopy of Starch Gelatinisation
Authors: Stading Mats , Öhgren Camilla , Lorén Niklas
Published: May 2024

Rheomicroscopy offers simultaneous monitoring of microstructure through microscopy
and rheology, in large deformation and small deformation oscillating shear as well as in
compression. The method was used to visualise and explain starch gelatinisation and how
it is affected by shear, granule architecture and botanical origin. Shear had a strong
influence on paste viscosity and was explained by granule disruption following swelling.
Gelatinisation occurred during narrower temperature range for potato starch than for
maize starch, which in turn both had a different behaviour from wheat starch. A-type
wheat starch was also shown to have different gelatinisation behaviour than B-type wheat
starch.
A Cost-effective Determination of Pressure - and Temperature-Dependent Viscosity of
Polymers by Linking Conventional Viscosity Data to PVT Data
Authors: Hanselle Felix , Kleinschmidt Dennis , Brüning Florian
Published: May 2024

The viscosity of polymer melts is dependent on various factors such as shear rate,
temperature, pressure and molecular structure. High-pressure capillary rheometery (HPCR)
can be used to determine viscosity as a function of shear rate and temperature in the
shear rate range relevant for injection molding and extrusion processing. Conventional
HPCR measurements cannot determine the pressure dependence of viscosity so that it is
typically neglected. Particularly at high pressures and low shear rates, the viscosity
is therefore underestimated. However, it is possible to determine the pressure
dependency using a counter pressure chamber or actively controlled counter pressure
viscometer. Nevertheless, these devices are rarely available, and the measuring effort
is high compared to conventional measurements. In order to be able to represent the
pressure-dependent material behavior and thus improve the accuracy of process
simulations in a cost-effective way, the aim of this paper is to use the free volume
approach via the coupled equations of state according to Simha and Somcynsky1 to link
the temperature and pressure dependence of the melt density to the viscosity. The model
was extended according to Utracki and Sedlacek2–4 and applied to true viscosity data at
constant shear stresses in the process relevant apparent shear rate range from 1 to 5000
1/s. The necessary viscosity data for the investigated PP and PC at different
temperatures in the typical processing range were determined using a conventional HPCR,
and a pvT measuring device was used to determine the melt density. The hole fraction as
a measure for the free volume is calculated at each shear stress through the coupled
equations of state and linked to the true viscosity through error square minimization at
the mean pressure in the capillary. This allows for the recalculation of an isobaric
viscosity curve at different pressure and temperature levels. For validation of the
model viscosities were also measured at various pressure levels using a counter pressure
chamber to determine an experimental pressure coefficient. The model results for the
investigated materials show a high agreement with the experimentally determined pressure
coefficients.
Developing Rheological Characterization Methods for Bovine Blood and Hydrogel-Based
Artificial Blood
Authors: Hentschel Gesine , Küspert Sabrina , Souza Ligia de , Pape Florian , Glasmacher Birgit , Rummel Florian
Published: May 2024

Graphical abstract: Rheological understanding of blood is relevant for the design
of cardiovascular medical devices and implants. Erythrocytes are represented by hydrogel
beads dispersed in a continuous glycerol phase. The model system is characterized by
aims of optical and rheological characterization. The erythrocyte schematic has been
taken from 1. The deformable nature of the hydrogel particles can be seen from the
pictures taken during the squeezing experiment.
دور السياسة الاستثمارية في تصحيح اختلالات هيكل الانتاج للاقتصاد العراقي بعد عام 2003
Authors: علا عامر عبد الوهاب  , أ.د. قصي عبود فرج
Published: May 2024

يهدف هذا البحث الى متابعة وتحليل واقع الاختلالات الهيكلية المتداخلة في الاقتصاد العراقي بعد عام 2003 من خلال تقديم تحليل كمي لاهم انواع الاختلالات الهيكلية المتداخلة في الاقتصاد العراقي المتمثلة بـ ( اختلال الهيكل الانتاجي ، اختلال الهيكل التجاري ، اختلال هيكل الموازنة العامة ) ، وقد تبين من خلال البحث ان الاختلالات الهيكلية بالاقتصاد العراقي ناجمة عن عدم كفاءة النظام الاقتصادي والسياسي في توجية الموارد الاقتصادية نحو الاهداف التي من شأنها تعظيم المنافع الاجتماعيه ، وان هناك ارتفاع كبير في نسبة مساهمة القطاع النفطي في تكوين الناتج المحلي الاجمالي مقارنة بباقي القطاعات الاخرى بسبب اختلال هيكل الانتاج في الاقتصاد العراقي وضعف كفاءة وجودة القطاعات الاقتصادية ، وان النفقات الاستثمارية خلال مدة (2004- 2020) مازالت قليلة وانها لاتفي بمتطلبات النهوض في الاقتصاد العراقي كما يعكس هذا الهيكل الإنفاقي المختل سياسة استهلاكية  تبذيرية ، وان هذا سيؤثرعلى معدلات النمو بالاقتصاد العراقي ، كما اوصت الدراسة بضرورة توجيه الموارد نحو الإنفاق  الاستثماري الذي يؤثر على معدلات النمو بالاقتصاد العراقي هو التوجيه الاصح ، بالتالي سيودي الى امتصاص معدلات البطاله المرتفعه وهو ينوع قاعدة وهيكل الاقتصاد .
مقارنة طرائق التقدير المستعملة في تقدير انموذج الانحدار اللامعلمي بأخطاء عشوائية تخضع لأنموذج ( ARMA )
Authors: علي هاشم باني  , أ.م.د.حسام عبد الرزاق رشيد
Published: May 2024

ان هذا البحث تناول مقارنة الطرائق المستعملة في تقدير انموذج الانحدار اللامعلمي بأخطاء عشوائية تخضع لأنموذج ( ARMA ) , اذ تم تقديره من خلال استخدام طريقة المربعات الصغرى الجانبية                 (    ) مع ( SCAD ) وتوظيف ممهدات النواة لمتعدد الحدود الموضعي ( Local Polynomial Smoother ) عندما تكون درجة متعدد الحدود  ( P=1 ) لنحصل على الممهد الخطي الموضعي ( Local Linear Smoother ) و ( P=2 ) لنحصل على الممهد التربيعي الموضعي (Local quadratic Smoother  ) . كما واستخدم معيار معلومة بيز ( Bayesian Information Criterion ) والذي يرمز له بالرمز ( BIC )  لتحديد رتبة أنموذج الخطأ وكذلك تم استعمال معيار متوسط مربعات الخطأ ( Mean Squared Error ) والذي يرمز بالرمز ( MSE ) للمقارنة بين الطرائق المستعملة في تقدير الانموذج . وتم استخدام بيانات واقعية من خلال أخذ بيانات شركة اسيا سيل للاتصالات من خلال تداول اسهم الشركة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية للفترة من  ( 3 – 1 – 2023 ولغاية 15 – 5 – 2023 ) , وأهم ما تم التوصل اليه هو تفوق طريقة الانحدار التربيعي الموضعي باستخدام المربعات الصغرى الجانبية مع SCAD كونها حصلت على اقل قيمة للـــ ( MSE ) .
World Order and Disorder
Authors:   Professorial Research Fellow & Director, Center for Spatial Analysis in International Relations, Institute for International Studies, MGIMO University, Okunev Igor Yu.
Published: May 2024

Trends in a changing world order look like general chaos or rather a combination of all sorts of disorder. This is not a rearrangement of addends, but a structural and qualitative transformation.
International “Society of the Spectacle”
Authors:   Expert, Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Russia, Byshok Stanislav O.
Published: May 2024

The transformation of diplomatic efforts into a “spectacle” by no means contributes to the achievement of any of the goals, although it may sometimes entertain the general public. Postmodernism should beat least counterbalanced by more traditional forms of international communication.
Rasionalitas Kebijakan Desentralisasi Pendidikan di Provinsi Lampung (Kenyataan dan Harapan)
Authors: Rosalia Feni , Kagungan Dian
Published: May 2024

This research uses Max Weber's theory of rationality to describe the reality, hopes, and rationality of educational decentralization, which are included in the rational category or vice versa. Data was collected through interviews, and observations related to the phenomenon of reality, hopes, and rationality of educational decentralization in Lampung Province and analyzed qualitatively. The research results show that in reality, the education decentralization policy in Lampung Province is rational. Based on instrumental theory, guaranteed education costs (free school), educational infrastructure and educational scholarships can support the ability of decentralization policies. Rationality in the value at which individuals decide to continue or not to continue their education is relatively stable at the basic education level in Lampung province. In the affective rationale, the conditions between individual objects of education such as students and teachers are the spearhead of education at the lower level. Education personnel must shape the character of their students in line with freedom of learning in the world of education. However, traditional rationality, namely custom, ethnicity and religion, does not influence education decentralization policies. The hope for the future is that the decentralization of education in Lampung Province requires strengthening each region's commitment so that progressive education is implemented evenly and cannot be separated from the responsibility of the regional government.
The Urgency of Establishing an Electoral Judicial Institution as an Effort to Strengthen the Electoral System in Indonesia
Authors: Wicitra Made Widyarini Kusuma , Wijayanto Wijayanto , Herawati Nunik Retno
Published: May 2024

Periodically, every five years, general elections are held as a form of democracy in Indonesia. During elections, political issues are often followed by controversies, conflicts, and disputes in local power competitions. These issues include cheating, money politics, and vote manipulation. The purpose of this study is to encourage the establishment of a permanent electoral court in the constitutional system and in the form of a state institution to handle any existing election results disputes, whether for the presidential election, legislative election, or regional election. To achieve the electoral justice system's legal certainty and utility principles. The research method was used qualitatively with a case study research design. The results indicate that the establishment of an election court institution is essential, considering elections are held regularly and periodically as part of people's sovereignty representation and efforts to establish a fair electoral system. An election court institution is necessary for Indonesian elections, tasked with handling every election dispute, thereby allowing the Constitutional Court to focus solely on testing laws against the 1945 Constitution. This journal concludes that an electoral justice institution needs to be established permanently, with competent judges and resources to handle every election-related case to realize an electoral justice system.
Collaborative Governance dan Penerapannya dalam Kebijakan Penanganan Stunting di Kota Samarinda
Authors: Maulidah Maulidah , Paselle Enos , Henly Putri Annisa Asri , Ernita Lina , Indriani Eny Agus , Yunus Muhammad , Yuliana
Published: May 2024

This study aims to describe the application of Collaborative Governance in Stunting Handling Policy in Samarinda City. This research is important to do because the success achieved by a collaboration can reflect the readiness of stakeholders to overcome problems that exist in the community. This research uses descriptive techniques with a qualitative approach. The research was conducted in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan using the theory of 5 stages of collaboration by Tirell and Clay, and 8 criteria for successful collaboration by De Seve. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is according to Miles and Huberman. The results showed that the implementation of Collaborative Governance in the Stunting Handling Policy in Samarinda City is still not running optimally. This can be seen through the obstacles of one of the criteria in De Seve's 8 criteria for successful collaboration. The obstacles faced are that there are still policymakers who do not understand their role in stunting reduction efforts, and there are still silos of mentality between parties involved in stunting reduction in the city of Samarinda. Collaboration that has not been optimal has resulted in the Samarinda City Government has not been able to reduce the prevalence of stunting in Samarinda City.
Analisis Proses Administrasi Perjalanan Dinas Di Sekretariat Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Immaculata Yovita Adventy Maria , Azhar Azhar , Putra Raniasa , Azhara Putri Cynthia
Published: May 2024

This research aims to find out how the administrative process of official travel at the Secretariat of the Regional House of Representatives of South Sumatra Province. The problem is focused on the administrative process of implementing official travel. To approach this problem, a reference to Max Ammerman's 1998 Root Causal Analysis theory is used. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that official travel can be carried out by council members as well as civil servants and non-civil servants, and the administrative process of official travel consists of three administrative processes, namely the administrative process of implementing official travel by civil servants and implementation by council members, the administrative process of accountability and the administrative process of payment or disbursement of reimbursement by the treasurer of routine expenses to the executors of official travel. This study concludes that there is one official travel administration process that is considered less effective, namely the accountability administration process, this happens because there are several official travel executors who take a long time to deposit the cost details to the finance department, or this delay is considered not to have implemented South Sumatra Governor Regulation Number 5 of 2021 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Official Travel within the South Sumatra Provincial Government chapter ix article 34.
Peran Kompetensi, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Locus of control dalam Meningkatkan Kepuasan Kerja Guru
Authors: Aris Affandy Agusman , Wardhana Aditya , Mapata Dg. , Rachmawaty Rachmawaty , Hartini Hartini
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis: pengaruh secara simultan kompetensi, lingkungan kerja, dan locus of control, terhadap kepuasan kerja guru; pengaruh kompetensi terhadap kepuasan kerja guru; pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja guru; dan pengaruh locus of control terhadap kepuasan kerja guru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan expost facto. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Makassar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah guru yang mengabdi di sekolah dasar negeri berjumlah 105 orang dengan sampel yang digunakan sebesar 83 orang. Teknik penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, angket yang diisi dan dijawab oleh responden, dan dokumentasi melalui data-data terkait dengan repsonden. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dengan uji instrumen (uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas), uji asumsi klasik (uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas), uji regresi linear berganda, uji t, uji F, koefisien determinasi, dengan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: secara simultan, kompetensi, lingkungan kerja, dan locus of control berpengaruh secara positif dan signfikan terhadap kepuasan kerja guru; kompetensi berpengaruh secara positif dan signfikan terhadap kepuasan kerja guru; lingkungan kerja berpengaruh secara positif dan signfikan terhadap kepuasan kerja guru; dan locus of control berpengaruh secara positif dan signfikan terhadap kepuasan kerja guru. Temuan ini menjadi masukan bagi para kepala sekolah dan dinas terkait untuk lebih memahami faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi kepuasan kerja guru.
Sinergi Pembangunan Wisata Bahari Berkelanjutan dalam Rangka Mewujudkan Visi Maritim 2024 di Pulau Nusa Penida, Klungkung, Bali
Authors: Dewi Nyoman Diah Utari , Widanti Ni Putu Tirka , Sumada I Made , Widnyani Ida Ayu Putu Sri
Published: May 2024

This research explores the synergy of sustainable marine tourism development in realizing the 2024 maritime vision on Nusa Penida Island, Klungkung, Bali, as well as the factors that affect it. The method used is a literature study with qualitative descriptive analysis. The results show that the synergy is achieved through communication and coordination of Indonesia's maritime vision with the implementation of optimization of marine tourism development under the Indonesian Marine Policy Action Plan 2021-2025 and Presidential Regulation Number 34 of 2022. Tourism in Bali has an economic impact on local communities, but its distribution needs to be more evenly distributed. Social, economic, and cultural tourism provides opportunities to utilize local potential with the participation of policy stakeholders. The tourism sector encourages the development of infrastructure and educational institutions, increasing human resources in the field of tourism. Factors influencing the synergy of marine tourism development include Indonesia's maritime history and politics, maritime biological and non-biological resources, socio-cultural factors, and maritime industry and economy. Recommendations include improving the marine ecotourism product program, multi-stakeholder involvement in planning, and the establishment of a special department in the Ministry of Tourism to focus on developing sustainable marine tourism to realize the 2024 maritime vision.
Analisis Konsep CSR Dan Sistem Tanggung Jawab Sosial Dan Lingkungan Pada Perseroan Terbatas Yang Berasaskan Keadilan Dan Kepastian Hukum
Authors: Sumarto Mufti Eky Juliansyah , Rokhim Abdul , Muhibbin Moh.
Published: May 2024

Sejak reformasi, masyarakat Indonesia semakin kritis terhadap dunia bisnis dan menuntut tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Konsep Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) menjadi penting dalam menjalankan usaha. Namun, ada kontroversi terkait pengaturan CSR dalam Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas. Selain itu, penting juga untuk memperhatikan solusi polusi dari transportasi dan menciptakan energi terbarukan. Artikel ini membahas pentingnya CSR dalam bisnis di Indonesia, kontroversi terkait pengaturan CSR dalam hukum perusahaan, serta dalam perspektif hukum sosial, konsep keadilan masuk ke dalam bilangan filsafat, dan hukum memperlakukan masyarakat serta mendistribusikan keuntungan dan biaya. Oleh karena itu, Perseroan Terbatas yang berasaskan keadilan dan kepastian hukum akan memperhatikan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (CSR) dan memastikan bahwa kegiatan usahanya tidak hanya berorientasi pada keuntungan semata, tetapi juga memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap lingkungan sosialnya.
Financial Governance and Logistics in Re-Election: Case Study of the 2020 Labuhanbatu Regency KPU
Authors: Panjaitan Syaiful Rahman , Amin Muryanto , Situmorang Tonny P.
Published: May 2024

This research delves into the financial and logistical management practices employed by the General Election Commission (KPU) of Labuhanbatu Regency during the 2020 Regent and Deputy Regent elections, with a particular focus on the subsequent re-voting processes. Following elections, it's common for unsuccessful candidates to contest results, leading to legal challenges and, in some cases, re-voting. Labuhanbatu Regency's experience is noteworthy as it underwent re-voting twice. Utilizing a qualitative research approach with a descriptive framework, this study reveals that the financial and logistical governance by the Labuhanbatu KPU was effectively executed, ensuring smooth re-voting procedures, minimizing the likelihood of errors, and bolstering public trust in democratic processes. Recommendations stemming from this research advocate for the recruitment of polling station (TPS) officers based on merit and experience to enhance service quality. Moreover, it underscores the importance of sustaining effective financial and logistical management practices to preempt future re-voting scenarios, even in the absence of significant hurdles.