bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation markers for kidney function and progression of diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Li Kelly Yichen , Tam Claudia Ha Ting , Liu Hongbo , Day Samantha , Lim Cadmon King Poo , So Wing Yee , Huang Chuiguo , Jiang Guozhi , Shi Mai , Lee Heung Man ,   TRANSCEND Consortium, Lan Hui-yao , Szeto Cheuk-Chun , Hanson Robert L. , Nelson Robert G. , Susztak Katalin , Chan Juliana C. N. , Yip Kevin Y. , Ma Ronald C. W.
Published: May 2023

Epigenetic markers are potential biomarkers for diabetes and related complications. Using a prospective cohort from the Hong Kong Diabetes Register, we perform two independent epigenome-wide association studies to identify methylation markers associated with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and subsequent decline in kidney function (eGFR slope), respectively, in 1,271 type 2 diabetes subjects. Here we show 40 (30 previously unidentified) and eight (all previously unidentified) CpG sites individually reach epigenome-wide significance for baseline eGFR and eGFR slope, respectively. We also develop a multisite analysis method, which selects 64 and 37 CpG sites for baseline eGFR and eGFR slope, respectively. These models are validated in an independent cohort of Native Americans with type 2 diabetes. Our identified CpG sites are near genes enriched for functional roles in kidney diseases, and some show association with renal damage. This study highlights the potential of methylation markers in risk stratification of kidney disease among type 2 diabetes individuals.
Extracellular matrix educates an immunoregulatory tumor macrophage phenotype found in ovarian cancer metastasis
Authors: Puttock E. H. , Tyler E. J. , Manni M. , Maniati E. , Butterworth C. , Burger Ramos M. , Peerani E. , Hirani P. , Gauthier V. , Liu Y. , Maniscalco G. , Rajeeve V. , Cutillas P. , Trevisan C. , Pozzobon M. , Lockley M. , Rastrick J. , Läubli H. , White A. , Pearce O. M. T.
Published: May 2023

Recent studies have shown that the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) associates with immunosuppression, and that targeting the ECM can improve immune infiltration and responsiveness to immunotherapy. A question that remains unresolved is whether the ECM directly educates the immune phenotypes seen in tumors. Here, we identify a tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) population associated with poor prognosis, interruption of the cancer immunity cycle, and tumor ECM composition. To investigate whether the ECM was capable of generating this TAM phenotype, we developed a decellularized tissue model that retains the native ECM architecture and composition. Macrophages cultured on decellularized ovarian metastasis shared transcriptional profiles with the TAMs found in human tissue. ECM-educated macrophages have a tissue-remodeling and immunoregulatory phenotype, inducing altered T cell marker expression and proliferation. We conclude that the tumor ECM directly educates this macrophage population found in cancer tissues. Therefore, current and emerging cancer therapies that target the tumor ECM may be tailored to improve macrophage phenotype and their downstream regulation of immunity.
Identification and improvement of isothiocyanate-based inhibitors on stomatal opening to act as drought tolerance-conferring agrochemicals
Authors: Aihara Yusuke , Maeda Bumpei , Goto Kanna , Takahashi Koji , Nomoto Mika , Toh Shigeo , Ye Wenxiu , Toda Yosuke , Uchida Mami , Asai Eri , Tada Yasuomi , Itami Kenichiro , Sato Ayato , Murakami Kei , Kinoshita Toshinori
Published: May 2023

Stomatal pores in the plant epidermis open and close to regulate gas exchange between leaves and the atmosphere. Upon light stimulation, the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase is phosphorylated and activated via an intracellular signal transduction pathway in stomatal guard cells, providing a primary driving force for the opening movement. To uncover and manipulate this stomatal opening pathway, we screened a chemical library and identified benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a Brassicales-specific metabolite, as a potent stomatal-opening inhibitor that suppresses PM H+-ATPase phosphorylation. We further developed BITC derivatives with multiple isothiocyanate groups (multi-ITCs), which demonstrate inhibitory activity on stomatal opening up to 66 times stronger, as well as a longer duration of the effect and negligible toxicity. The multi-ITC treatment inhibits plant leaf wilting in both short (1.5 h) and long-term (24 h) periods. Our research elucidates the biological function of BITC and its use as an agrochemical that confers drought tolerance on plants by suppressing stomatal opening.
Isotopic evidence for an intensified hydrological cycle in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Akhoudas Camille Hayatte , Sallée Jean-Baptiste , Reverdin Gilles , Haumann F. Alexander , Pauthenet Etienne , Chapman Christopher C. , Margirier Félix , Lo Monaco Claire , Metzl Nicolas , Meilland Julie , Stranne Christian
Published: May 2023

The hydrological cycle is expected to intensify in a warming climate. However, observational evidence of such changes in the Southern Ocean is difficult to obtain due to sparse measurements and a complex superposition of changes in precipitation, sea ice, and glacial meltwater. Here we disentangle these signals using a dataset of salinity and seawater oxygen isotope observations collected in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. Our results show that the atmospheric water cycle has intensified in this region between 1993 and 2021, increasing the salinity in subtropical surface waters by 0.06 ± 0.07 g kg−1 per decade, and decreasing the salinity in subpolar surface waters by -0.02 ± 0.01 g kg−1 per decade. The oxygen isotope data allow to discriminate the different freshwater processes showing that in the subpolar region, the freshening is largely driven by the increase in net precipitation (by a factor two) while the decrease in sea ice melt is largely balanced by the contribution of glacial meltwater at these latitudes. These changes extend the growing evidence for an acceleration of the hydrological cycle and a melting cryosphere that can be expected from global warming.
Integrative genomic analyses in adipocytes implicate DNA methylation in human obesity and diabetes
Authors: McAllan Liam , Baranasic Damir , Villicaña Sergio , Brown Scarlett , Zhang Weihua , Lehne Benjamin , Adamo Marco , Jenkinson Andrew , Elkalaawy Mohamed , Mohammadi Borzoueh , Hashemi Majid , Fernandes Nadia , Lambie Nathalie , Williams Richard , Christiansen Colette , Yang Youwen , Zudina Liudmila , Lagou Vasiliki , Tan Sili , Castillo-Fernandez Juan , King James W. D. , Soong Richie , Elliott Paul , Scott James , Prokopenko Inga , Cebola Inês , Loh Marie , Lenhard Boris , Batterham Rachel L. , Bell Jordana T. , Chambers John C. , Kooner Jaspal S. , Scott William R.
Published: May 2023

DNA methylation variations are prevalent in human obesity but evidence of a causative role in disease pathogenesis is limited. Here, we combine epigenome-wide association and integrative genomics to investigate the impact of adipocyte DNA methylation variations in human obesity. We discover extensive DNA methylation changes that are robustly associated with obesity (N = 190 samples, 691 loci in subcutaneous and 173 loci in visceral adipocytes, P < 1 × 10-7). We connect obesity-associated methylation variations to transcriptomic changes at >500 target genes, and identify putative methylation-transcription factor interactions. Through Mendelian Randomisation, we infer causal effects of methylation on obesity and obesity-induced metabolic disturbances at 59 independent loci. Targeted methylation sequencing, CRISPR-activation and gene silencing in adipocytes, further identifies regional methylation variations, underlying regulatory elements and novel cellular metabolic effects. Our results indicate DNA methylation is an important determinant of human obesity and its metabolic complications, and reveal mechanisms through which altered methylation may impact adipocyte functions.
Inelastic electron scattering induced quantum coherence in molecular dynamics
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Swain Suvasis , Prabhudesai Vaibhav S.
Published: May 2023

Quantum coherence is pivotal in various applications ranging from chemical control to quantum computing. An example of its manifestation in molecular dynamics is inversion symmetry breaking in the photodissociation of homonuclear diatomic molecules. On the other hand, the dissociative attachment of an incoherent electron also induces such coherent dynamics. However, these processes are resonant and occur for projectiles with a specific energy. Here we present the most general scenario of non-resonant inelastic electron scattering inducing such a quantum coherence in molecular dynamics. The ion-pair formation (H+ + H─) that proceeds after the electron impact excitation of H2 shows a forward-backward asymmetry about the incoming electron beam. Simultaneous transfer of multiple angular momentum quanta during the electron collision induces the underlying coherence in the system. The non-resonant nature of this process makes this effect generic and points to its possible prevalent role in particle collision processes, including electron-induced chemistry.
Prenylcysteine oxidase 1 like protein is required for neutrophil bactericidal activities
Authors: Petenkova Anastasiia , Auger Shelby A. , Lamb Jeffrey , Quellier Daisy , Carter Cody , To On Tak , Milosevic Jelena , Barghout Rana , Kugadas Abirami , Lu Xiaoxiao , Geddes-McAlister Jennifer , Fichorova Raina , Sykes David B. , Distefano Mark D. , Gadjeva Mihaela
Published: May 2023

The bactericidal function of neutrophils is dependent on a myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Using systems immunology approaches we identify microbiome- and infection-induced changes in neutrophils. We focus on investigating the Prenylcysteine oxidase 1 like (Pcyox1l) protein function. Murine and human Pcyox1l proteins share ninety four percent aminoacid homology revealing significant evolutionary conservation and implicating Pcyox1l in mediating important biological functions. Here we show that the loss of Pcyox1l protein results in significant reductions in the mevalonate pathway impacting autophagy and cellular viability under homeostatic conditions. Concurrently,Pcyox1lCRISPRed-out neutrophils exhibit deficient bactericidal properties.Pcyox1lknock-out mice demonstrate significant susceptibility to infection with the gram-negative pathogenPsuedomonas aeruginosaexemplified through increased neutrophil infiltrates, hemorrhaging, and reduced bactericidal functionality. Cumulatively, we ascribe a function to Pcyox1l protein in modulation of the prenylation pathway and suggest connections beween metabolic responses and neutrophil functionality.
Colloidal gelation with non-sticky particles
Authors: Jiang Yujie , Seto Ryohei
Published: May 2023

Colloidal gels are widely applied in industry due to their rheological character—no flow takes place below the yield stress. Such property enables gels to maintain uniform distribution in practical formulations; otherwise, solid components may quickly sediment without the support of gel matrix. Compared with pure gels of sticky colloids, therefore, the composites of gel and non-sticky inclusions are more commonly encountered in reality. Through numerical simulations, we investigate the gelation process in such binary composites. We find that the non-sticky particles not only confine gelation in the form of an effective volume fraction, but also introduce another lengthscale that competes with the size of growing clusters in gel. The ratio of two key lengthscales in general controls the two effects. Using different gel models, we verify such a scenario within a wide range of parameter space, suggesting a potential universality in all classes of colloidal composites.
Transient photocurrents in a subthreshold evidence accumulator accelerate perceptual decisions
Authors: Wong Timothy L. H. , Talbot Clifford B. , Miesenböck Gero
Published: May 2023

Perceptual decisions are complete when a continuously updated score of sensory evidence reaches a threshold. In Drosophila, αβ core Kenyon cells (αβc KCs) of the mushroom bodies integrate odor-evoked synaptic inputs to spike threshold at rates that parallel the speed of olfactory choices. Here we perform a causal test of the idea that the biophysical process of synaptic integration underlies the psychophysical process of bounded evidence accumulation in this system. Injections of single brief, EPSP-like depolarizations into the dendrites of αβc KCs during odor discrimination, using closed-loop control of a targeted opsin, accelerate decision times at a marginal cost of accuracy. Model comparisons favor a mechanism of temporal integration over extrema detection and suggest that the optogenetically evoked quanta are added to a growing total of sensory evidence, effectively lowering the decision bound. The subthreshold voltage dynamics of αβc KCs thus form an accumulator memory for sequential samples of information.
Differences in gait parameters when crossing real versus projected everyday life obstacles in healthy children and adolescents
Authors: Gröble Sabrina , van Hedel Hubertus J. A. , Keller Jeffrey W. , Ammann-Reiffer Corinne
Published: May 2023

Practicing complex everyday life walking activities is challenging in paediatric neurorehabilitation, although it would prepare patients more comprehensively for the requirements of daily life. Floor projections allow simulation and training of such situations in therapy. Twenty healthy youths aged 6–18 years stepped over a tree trunk and balanced over kerbstones in a real and projected condition. Spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of the two conditions were compared by equivalence analysis, using the medians of the differences between the two conditions with their bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals. Velocity, step and stride length, step width, and single support time were generally equivalent between the two conditions. Knee and hip joint angles and toe clearance decreased substantially during the execution phase of the projected tree trunk condition. The largest differences were found at the end of the execution phase in both tasks for the ankle joints. As spatiotemporal parameters were equivalent between the conditions, floor projections seem suitable to train precise foot placement. However, differences in knee and hip joint kinematics and toe clearance revealed that floor projections are not applicable for obstacles with a vertical extension. Therefore, exercises aiming at knee and hip flexion improvement should favourably be trained with real objects.
Exploring hazard anticipation and stress while driving in light of defensive behavior theory
Authors: Kerautret Laora , Dabic Stephanie , Navarro Jordan
Published: May 2023

In driving, poor hazard anticipation would provide drivers less time to prepare an appropriate response, increasing the urgency of the situation and generating more stress. Assuming this, the current study seeks to determine whether a predictable road hazard triggers hazard anticipation in drivers that can mitigate the ensuing stress response, and whether the stress response is influenced by driving experience. In a simulated road environment, a cue was used to trigger hazard anticipation, and a road hazard to induce a stress response. Heart rate, pupil diameter, driving speed, subjective stress, arousal, and negative emotions, were retrieved from 36 drivers who all faced the cue followed by the hazard (i.e. a predictable hazard), the cue only, and the hazard only. In the light of work on defensive behaviors, the findings indicate that a predictable hazard triggers hazard anticipation detectable via (1) freezing behavior—characterized by cardiac deceleration—(2) anticipatory pupil dilation and (3) anticipatory speed deceleration. The results also point to a beneficial role for hazard anticipation in reducing driver stress, as evidenced by reductions in peak heart rate levels, as well as in reported levels of stress and negative emotions. Finally, the findings showed an influence of driving experience on reported levels of stress. Overall, this study shows how previous work on defensive behaviors can be used to gain insight into the processes and driving behaviors involved in hazard anticipation and stress.
Edge and modular significance assessment in individual-specific networks
Authors: Melograna Federico , Li Zuqi , Galazzo Gianluca , van Best Niels , Mommers Monique , Penders John , Stella Fabio , Van Steen Kristel
Published: May 2023

Individual-specific networks, defined as networks of nodes and connecting edges that are specific to an individual, are promising tools for precision medicine. When such networks are biological, interpretation of functional modules at an individual level becomes possible. An under-investigated problem is relevance or ”significance” assessment of each individual-specific network. This paper proposes novel edge and module significance assessment procedures for weighted and unweighted individual-specific networks. Specifically, we propose a modular Cook’s distance using a method that involves iterative modeling of one edge versus all the others within a module. Two procedures assessing changes between using all individuals and using all individuals but leaving one individual out (LOO) are proposed as well (LOO-ISN, MultiLOO-ISN), relying on empirically derived edges. We compare our proposals to competitors, including adaptions of OPTICS, kNN, and Spoutlier methods, by an extensive simulation study, templated on real-life scenarios for gene co-expression and microbial interaction networks. Results show the advantages of performing modular versus edge-wise significance assessments for individual-specific networks. Furthermore, modular Cook’s distance is among the top performers across all considered simulation settings. Finally, the identification of outlying individuals regarding their individual-specific networks, is meaningful for precision medicine purposes, as confirmed by network analysis of microbiome abundance profiles.
A critical assessment of nanoparticles enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs) for latent heat energy storage applications
Authors: Amidu Muritala Alade , Ali Mohamed , Alkaabi Ahmed K. , Addad Yacine
Published: May 2023

Phase change material (PCM) laden with nanoparticles has been testified as a notable contender to increase the effectiveness of latent heat thermal energy storage (TES) units during charging and discharging modes. In this study, a numerical model is developed and implemented based on the coupling between an advanced two-phase model for the nanoparticles-enhanced PCM (NePCM) and the enthalpy-porosity formulation for the transient behavior of the phase change. Therefore, a porosity source term is added to the nanoparticles transport equation to account for the particles' frozen state in regions occupied by solid PCM. This two-phase model includes three main nanoparticles’ slip mechanisms: Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis diffusion, and sedimentation. A two-dimensional model of a triplex tube heat exchanger is considered and different charging and discharging configurations are analyzed. Compared to pure PCM, results show a substantial heat transfer enhancement during the charging and discharging cycle in which a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles is considered as the initial condition. For this case, the two-phase model predictions are superior to the ones obtained with the classical single-phase model. In the case of multi-cycle charging and discharging, a significant deterioration of the heat transfer rate is observed using the two-phase model while such assessment is senseless using the single-phase mixture model due to the physical assumptions upon which this model is formulated. The two-phase model results reveal that, for a NePCM with high nanoparticles concentration (> 1%), the melting performance during the second charging cycle is reduced by 50% compared to the first one. This performance degradation is attributed to a noteworthy non-homogeneous distribution of the nanoparticles at the beginning of the second charging cycle. The dominant nanoparticles migration mechanism, in this scenario, is the one resulting from sedimentation effects.
Novel model of cortical–meningeal organoid co-culture system improves human cortical brain organoid cytoarchitecture
Authors: Jalilian Elmira , Shin Su Ryon
Published: May 2023

Human cortical organoids (hCOs), derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), provide a platform to interrogate mechanisms of human brain development and diseases in complex three- dimensional tissues. However, current hCO development methods lack important non-neural tissues, such as the surrounding meningeal layer, that have been shown to be essential for normal corticogenesis and brain development. Here, we first generated hCOs from a single rosette to create more homogenous organoids with consistent size around 250 µm by day 5. We then took advantage of a 3D co-culture system to encapsulate brain organoids with a thin layer of meningeal cells from the very early stages of cortical development. Immunostaining analysis was performed to display different cortical layer markers during different stages of development. Real-time monitoring of organoid development using IncuCyte displayed enhanced morphology and increased growth rate over time. We found that meningeal-encapsulated organoids illustrated better laminar organization by exhibiting higher expression of REELIN by Cajal–Retzius neurons. Presence of meningeal cells resulted in a greater expansion of TBR2 intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs), the deep cortical layer (CTIP2) and upper cortical layer (BRN2). Finally, meningeal-encapsulated organoids enhanced outer radial glial and astrocyte formation illustrated by stronger expression of HOPX and GFAP markers, respectively. This study presents a novel 3D co-culture platform to more closely mimic the in vivo cortical brain structure and enable us to better investigating mechanisms underlying the neurodevelopmental disorders during embryonic development.
4-Chlorophenol adsorption from water solutions by activated carbon functionalized with amine groups: response surface method and artificial neural networks
Authors: Tazik Moslem , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi , Yaghmaeian Kamyar , Nazmara Shahrokh , Salari Mehdi , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Nasseri Simin , Soleimani Hamed , Karri Rama Rao
Published: May 2023

4-Chlorophenol pollution is a significant environmental concern. In this study, powdered activated carbon modified with amine groups is synthesized and investigated its efficiency in removing 4-chlorophenols from aqueous environments. Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to investigate the effect of different parameters, including pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial 4-chlorophenol concentration, on 4-chlorophenol removal efficiency. The RSM-CCD approach was implemented in R software to design and analyze the experiments. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to describe the roles of effecting parameters on response. Isotherm and kinetic studies were done with three Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models and four pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle kinetic models in both linear and non-linear forms. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The results showed that the synthesized modified activated carbon had a maximum adsorption capacity of 316.1 mg/g and exhibited high efficiency in removing 4-chlorophenols. The optimal conditions for the highest removal efficiency were an adsorbent dosage of 0.55 g/L, contact time of 35 min, initial concentration of 4-chlorophenol of 110 mg/L, and pH of 3. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The synthesized adsorbent also showed excellent reusability even after five successive cycles. These findings demonstrate the potential of modified activated carbon as an effective method for removing 4-chlorophenols from aqueous environments and contributing to developing sustainable and efficient water treatment technologies.
Electrolyte engineering for effective seawater splitting based on manganese iron chromium layered triple hydroxides as novel bifunctional electrocatalysts
Authors: Pal Santanu , Shimizu Koji , Khatun Sakila , Singha Soumen , Watanabe Satoshi , Roy Poulomi
Published: May 2023

The use of anionic inhibitor, especially carbonate, provide a much-needed anionic protective layer at anode surface, selectively restricting chlorides but allowing hydroxides thereby favouring OER over CER during direct seawater electrolysis.
An isotope dilution mass spectrometry assay to track Norovirus-like particles in vaccine process intermediates by quantifying capsid protein VP1
Authors: Jhingree Jacquelyn R. , Boisvert Julie , Mercier Geneviève
Published: May 2023

Development of a quantitative LC-MS/MS assay for tracking Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) in the purification of a candidate Norovirus vaccine drug substance produced in plants.
Methyldisulfide groups enable the direct connection of air-stable metal bis(terpyridine) complexes to gold surfaces
Authors: Trang Christina D. M. , Saal Thomas , Inkpen Michael S.
Published: May 2023

A new ligand comprising directly-connected disulfide-based anchors provides access to air-stable metal bis(terpyridine) complexes for the functionalization of metal surfaces.
Recent advances in the accessibility, synthetic utility, and biological applications of aziridines
Authors: Dank Christian , Ielo Laura
Published: May 2023

Recent methodologies regarding the syntheses and transformations of aziridine bearing compounds are presented as well as their biological activities.
Thermoresponsive polymer brush photocatalytic substrates for wastewater remediation
Authors: Bell Kirsten , Guo Yiwen , Barker Samuel , Kim Seong H. , Pester Christian W.
Published: May 2023

NIPAAm and fluoresceino-acrylate are copolymerized on glass beads to develop multiresponsive heterogeneous photocatalysts that exhibit structural changes at elevated temperatures and alter their photocatalytic performance in wastewater remediation.
Pillar-layer Zn–triazolate–dicarboxylate frameworks with a customized pore structure for efficient ethylene purification from ethylene/ethane/acetylene ternary mixtures
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Wang Hao , Li Jing
Published: May 2023

A pillar-layer Zn–triazolate–dicarboxylate framework featuring 1D channels decorated with adjacent uncoordinated carboxylate–O atoms has been synthesized and is capable of selectively capturing C2H2and C2H6from C2H2/C2H4/C2H6ternary mixtures.
Viscoelasticity of single folded proteins using dynamic atomic force microscopy
Authors: Deopa Surya Pratap S. , Patil Shivprasad
Published: May 2023

Viscoelasticity of single folded proteins can be measured using dynamic, off-resonance atomic force microscopy method, if cantilever's tip and base amplitude and phase lag between them is accurately measured.
Enhanced sensitivity towards hydrogen by a TiN interlayer in Pd-decorated SnO2 nanowires
Authors: Badie Clémence , Lee Jae-Hyoung , Mirzaei Ali , Kim Hyoun Woo , Sayegh Syreina , Bechelany Mikhael , Santinacci Lionel , Kim Sang Sub
Published: May 2023

In this study, we designed a new structure based on Pd-decorated TiN-coated SnO2 nanowires (NWs) for the selective detection of H2 gas.
Second-order nonlinear optical organic crystals based on a “click” compound
Authors: Zheng Yongshen , Guan Junjie , Cheng Puxin , Han Wenqing , Xu Jialiang , Bu Xian-He
Published: May 2023

Click chemistry has been employed for the fabrication of second-order nonlinear optical organic crystals BPTA with efficient second harmonic generation responses.
Superior high temperature performance of 8 kV NiO/Ga2O3vertical heterojunction rectifiers
Authors: Li Jian-Sian , Chiang Chao-Ching , Xia Xinyi , Wan Hsiao-Hsuan , Ren Fan , Pearton S. J.
Published: May 2023

NiO/Ga2O3heterojunction rectifiers were measured over a temperature range up to 600 K and found to exhibit a near-temperature independent breakdown voltage of >7 kV, far in excess of previous Schottky rectifier results.
Triple critical feature capture network: A triple critical feature capture network for weakly supervised object detection
Authors: Liu Zhoufeng , Wang Kaihua , Li Chunlei , Ding Shunmin , Xi Jiangtao
Published: May 2023

Weakly supervised object detection (WSOD) is becoming increasingly important for computer vision tasks, as it alleviates the burden of manual annotation. Most WSOD techniques rely on multiple instance learning (MIL), which tends to localise the discriminative parts of salient objects instead of the whole object. In addition, network training is often supervised using simple image‐level annotations, without including object quantities or location information. However, this can lead to ambiguous differentiation of object instances, both in terms of location and semantics. To address these issues, propose an end‐to‐end triple critical feature capture network (TCFCNet) for WSOD is proposed. Specifically, a multi‐task branch, which can perform fully supervised classification and regression task, was integrated with a PCL in an end‐to‐end network for refining object locations in an online method. A cyclic parametric dropblock module (CPDM) was then designed to help the detector focus on the contextual information by using cyclic masking techniques to maximise the removal of the discriminative components of an object instance to alleviate the part domination problem. Finally, a feature decoupling module (FDM) is proposed to further reduce the ambiguous distinction of object instances by adaptively constructing robust critical features that adapt to multi‐task branch for classification and regression tasks, which contains a feature enhancement module and task‐specific polarisation functions. Comprehensive experiments are carried out on the challenging Pascal VOC 2007 and VOC 2012 datasets. The proposed method achieves a 54.6% mAP and a 44.3% mAP on the Pascal VOC 2007 and VOC 2012 datasets respectively, showed that our method outperformed existing mainstream techniques by a considerable margin.
The molecular chemistry of Type Ibc supernovae and diagnostic potential with the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Liljegren S. , Jerkstrand A. , Barklem P. S. , Nyman G. , Brady R. , Yurchenko S. N.
Published: May 2023

Context. A currently unsolved question in supernova (SN) research is the origin of stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe). Such SNe lack spectral signatures of hydrogen (Type Ib), or hydrogen and helium (Type Ic), indicating that the outer stellar layers have been stripped during their evolution. The mechanism for this is not well understood, and to disentangle the different scenarios’ determination of nucleosynthesis yields from observed spectra can be attempted. However, the interpretation of observations depends on the adopted spectral models. A previously missing ingredient in these is the inclusion of molecular effects, which can be significant.

Aims. We aim to investigate how the molecular chemistry in SESNe affect physical conditions and optical spectra, and produce ro-vibrational emission in the mid-infrared (MIR). We also aim to assess the diagnostic potential of observations of such MIR emission with JWST.

Methods. We coupled a chemical kinetic network including carbon, oxygen, silicon, and sulfur-bearing molecules into the nonlocal thermal equilibrium (NLTE) spectral synthesis code SUMO. We let four species – CO, SiO, SiS, and SO – participate in NLTE cooling of the gas to achieve self-consistency between the molecule formation and the temperature. We applied the new framework to model the spectrum of a Type Ic SN in the 100–600 days time range.

Results. Molecules are predicted to form in SESN ejecta in significant quantities (typical mass 10−3 M⊙) throughout the 100–600 days interval. The impact on the temperature and optical emission depends on the density of the oxygen zones and varies with epoch. For example, the [O I] 6300, 6364 feature can be quenched by molecules from 200 to 450 days depending on density. The MIR predictions show strong emission in the fundamental bands of CO, SiO, and SiS, and in the CO and SiO overtones.

Conclusions. Type Ibc SN ejecta have a rich chemistry and considering the effect of molecules is important for modeling the temperature and atomic emission in the nebular phase. Observations of SESNe with JWST hold promise to provide the first detections of SiS and SO, and to give information on zone masses and densities of the ejecta. Combined optical, near-infrared, and MIR observations can break degeneracies and achieve a more complete picture of the nucleosynthesis, chemistry, and origin of Type Ibc SNe.
Self-consistent propagation of flux ropes in realistic coronal simulations
Authors: Linan L. , Regnault F. , Perri B. , Brchnelova M. , Kuzma B. , Lani A. , Poedts S. , Schmieder B.
Published: May 2023

Context.The text has been edited to adhere to American English based on the spelling style used in the text. In order to anticipate the geoeffectiveness of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), heliospheric simulations are used to propagate transient structures injected at 0.1 AU. Without direct measurements near the Sun, the properties of these injected CMEs must be derived from models coming from observations or numerical simulations, and thus they contain a lot of uncertainty.

Aims.The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the possible use of the new coronal model COCONUT to compute a detailed representation of a numerical CME at 0.1 AU after its injection at the solar surface and propagation in a realistic solar wind, as derived from observed magnetograms.

Methods.We present the implementation and propagation of modified Titov-Démoulin flux ropes in the COCONUT 3D magnetohydrodynamics coronal model. Background solar wind was reconstructed in order to model two opposite configurations representing a solar activity maximum and minimum, respectively. Both configurations were derived from magnetograms that were obtained by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory satellite. We tracked the propagation of 24 flux ropes that differ only by their initial magnetic flux. In particular, we investigated the geometry of the flux ropes during the early stages of their propagation as well as the influence of their initial parameters and solar wind configuration on 1D profiles derived at 0.1 AU.

Results.At the beginning of the propagation, the shape of the flux ropes varied between simulations during low and high solar activity. We found dynamics that are consistent with the standard CME model, such as pinching of the CME legs and the appearance of post-flare loops. Despite the differences in geometry, the synthetic density and magnetic field time profiles at 0.1 AU are very similar in both solar wind configurations. These profiles are also similar to those observed further in the heliosphere and suggest the presence of a magnetic ejecta composed of the initially implemented flux rope and a sheath ahead of it. Finally, we uncovered relationships between the properties of the magnetic ejecta, such as relationships between density or speed and the initial magnetic flux of our flux ropes.

Conclusions.The implementation of the modified Titov-Démoulin flux rope in COCONUT enables us to retrieve the major properties of CMEs at 0.1 AU for any phase of the solar cycle. When combined with heliospheric simulations, COCONUT could lead to more realistic and self-consistent CME evolution models and thus more reliable predictions.
Battery Management System with Charge Monitor and Fire Protection for Electrical Drive
Authors: Manikandan B.V. , Kiruthickroshan P. , Kumar M. Vasantha , Chandrasekeran L.
Published: May 2023

The majority of automobile manufacturers currently create electrical vehicles for both two- and four- wheelers. Thus battery becomes essential component and improving methods for calculating a vehicle’s charge capacity. It is required to create and develop an efficient Battery management system so that they should not be over charged or deeply discharged. Electric vehicle an accurate state of charge estimation to reduce the risk of damage, extend their longevity, and safeguard the electronics they power. This project suggests a real-time Battery Monitoring System(BMS) employing the method for State of charge(Soc) and displaying the vital parameters. The suggested BMS is implemented on a hardware platform using the Arduino environment, the proper sensing technology, a central processor, and interface devices.
Predicting Wind Turbine Performance Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Marshell M. Joe , Durgadevi  , C. Gayatri , R. Deepa
Published: May 2023

Wind energy is a rapidly growing field, and the ability to accurately predict wind turbine performance is essential for optimizing wind energy production. Machine learning technology has been successfully applied to predict wind turbine performance using various models such as neural networks, decision trees, and support vector machines. However, traditional machine learning models such as neural networks require a significant amount of time to train and optimize, and their performance can be affected by overfitting and underfitting. To address these challenges, a proposed backpropagation algorithm is introduced to predict wind turbine performance using a neural network model. The proposed methodology can be used in real-world scenarios to predict wind turbine performance and optimize wind energy production, contributing to the transition towards sustainable and clean energy sources.
Rescue Wear the Cutting Edge Wearable Technology for Emergency Operations
Authors: Muthu V. Umayal , Shunmugalatha A. , Kannan B. , Raghul T.D. , Venkatesh R.
Published: May 2023

An electronic gadget that may be worn on the wrist of children or adults to monitor and keep an eye on them is called a wearable smart locator band. People are often explorers by nature, thus they like to try new things in life. However, unexpected event of breathing difficulty, choking symptoms, and loss of balance can all result in abnormal conditions or fatalities. Numerous fatalities frequently result from sudden organ failure or physical imbalance because people are unable to receive the proper care in time. The ultimate purpose of a surveillance system is to automatically interpret events occurring in such settings. At present there is a requirement for having a system that will consequently detect the individuals and alarm the caretaker at such risk, We would like to present a wearable prototype that would enable a person to send an alert message when they are in danger and record their vital signs in case of an emergency. The alert message assists us in locating the person so that the rescue effort can start as soon as feasible.
Energy Management in a Standalone PV System with Priority Controller
Authors: B. Ashok Kumar , S. Senthilrani , J. Rajeswari , Rajapandi T.
Published: May 2023

In many developing countries, meeting the energy demand has become a major challenge. Such problem is more prominent in rural and remote areas of the country. The load requirements in these areas are less and the same can be addressed with renewable energy sources. The proposed work deals with a MPPT based standalone PV system using a priority controller. The system can be used to meet out the critical load demands in rural areas. Due to change in weather conditions, an unregulated output in PV array is observed. Hence, maximum power is tracked using a DC-DC converter, where the tracked data is with respect to temperature and irradiance levels. To acquire the maximum power point (MPP), an incremental conductance (IC) algorithm is employed and it is executed by controlling the duty cycle of DC-DC boost convertor. Thus, the attainment of energy management in loads and battery storage is supported by priority load control algorithm. The proposed system assures better energy management and supplies energy for critical loads. The entire system has been simulated and validated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Implementation of RFID to protect the neonate in hospitals from abduction
Authors: B. Kiruthiga , S. Birinda , M. Kamalanandhini , A. Om Prakash , R. Narmatha Banu
Published: May 2023

While utmost fitness administrators agree that a regulation Pink, the regulation phrase to gesture a toddler capture is an oddity in scientific institutions, it is nonetheless a bother that ought to be taken significantly through a sanitarium. Not solely can it devastate the household concerned and scarify the staff, however it can additionally signify disastrous long- continuing penalties for the sanitarium’s photograph and character. Precluding a regulation Pink is, thus, a pinnacle priority that requires preceding planning, cautious format of bodily walls, and the perpetration of the proper applied sciences in order to supply peace of thinking to households and caregivers when it comes to guarding sprog instances from the opportunity of a foreigner or certainly a household seize. Radio Frequency Identification or RFID is an computerized identification technological know-how that helps the soreness script. RFID workshop with the aid of having a analyzing machine checkup a small digital label the usage of radio frequency signals.
Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Iron Ore Tailing (IOT) in Concrete for Sustainable Development
Authors: George Geena
Published: May 2023

An increase in iron ore processing to meet the global demand has resulted in the generation of billions of tons of iron ore tailings (IOT). Also, the increase in construction activities has led to the over exploitation of river beds for sand. In this present study, fine aggregates are replaced by iron ore tailings in M20 grade concrete at varying percentages of 20%,30%,40%,50%,60%. The cubes and cylinders were casted and their compressive strength and split tensile strength were evaluated for 7 days and 28 days. It is observed from the test results that the iron ore tailings aggregate concrete exhibited a good mechanical strength compared to the control mix. The compressive strength has increased with the increase in replacement of iron ore tailings in concrete, which has shown an improvement of 18.41% over conventional aggregate concrete. An incremental increase of 10.3 % was observed in the case of split tensile strength for 60 % replacement of fine aggregate with iron ore tailings.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) for suspected neonatal genetic diagnoses with cardiorespiratory failure
Authors: Ikeri Kelechi , Quinones Cardona Vilmaris , Joshi Swosti , Menkiti Ogechukwu
Published: May 2023

Recent data describe an increasing use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in neonates with various clinical conditions besides primary respiratory or cardiac diagnoses. Infants with underlying genetic disorders characterized by cardiopulmonary failure pose unique management challenges. When pathognomonic dysmorphic features for common genetic diagnoses are not present, the prognosis is uncertain at best when determining ECMO candidacy. Lengthy turnaround times of genetic testing often delay definitive diagnosis during the ECMO course. Clinical management pathways to guide practice and evidence to support the use of ECMO in rare genetic conditions are lacking. The decision to initiate ECMO is daunting but may be of benefit if the subsequent genetic diagnosis is non-lethal. In lethal genetic cases warranting discontinuation of care, the time spent on ECMO may still be advantageous as a bridge to diagnosis while allowing for parental bonding with the terminally ill infant. Diagnostic confirmation may also facilitate the attainment of closure for these parents. Here, we report our experience providing ECMO to three neonates presenting with cardiorespiratory failure and later diagnosed with rare genetic syndromes. We share the challenges faced, lessons learned, and outcomes of these critically ill neonates.
Demonstration of improved laser preheat with a cryogenically cooled magnetized liner inertial fusion platform
Authors: Harvey-Thompson A. J. , Geissel M. , Crabtree J. A. , Weis M. R. , Gomez M. R. , Fein J. R. , Lewis W. E. , Ampleford D. J. , Awe T. J. , Chandler G. A. , Galloway B. R. , Hansen S. B. , Hanson J. , Harding E. C. , Jennings C. A. , Kimmel M. , Knapp P. F. , Mangan M. A. , Maurer A. , Paguio R. R. , Perea L. , Peterson K. J. , Porter J. L. , Rambo P. K. , Robertson G. K. , Rochau G. A. , Ruiz D. E. , Shores J. E. , Slutz S. A. , Smith G. E. , Smith I. C. , Speas C. S. , Yager-Elorriaga D. A. , York A.
Published: May 2023

We report on progress implementing and testing cryogenically cooled platforms for Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) experiments. Two cryogenically cooled experimental platforms were developed: an integrated platform fielded on the Z pulsed power generator that combines magnetization, laser preheat, and pulsed-power-driven fuel compression and a laser-only platform in a separate chamber that enables measurements of the laser preheat energy using shadowgraphy measurements. The laser-only experiments suggest that ∼89% ± 10% of the incident energy is coupled to the fuel in cooled targets across the energy range tested, significantly higher than previous warm experiments that achieved at most 67% coupling and in line with simulation predictions. The laser preheat configuration was applied to a cryogenically cooled integrated experiment that used a novel cryostat configuration that cooled the MagLIF liner from both ends. The integrated experiment, z3576, coupled 2.32 ± 0.25 kJ preheat energy to the fuel, the highest to-date, demonstrated excellent temperature control and nominal current delivery, and produced one of the highest pressure stagnations as determined by a Bayesian analysis of the data.
Effects of turbulence–heat loss interactions on detonation development in end gas and its resulting knock intensity
Authors: Zhang Xiaojun , Wei Haiqiao , Zhou Lei
Published: May 2023

The main objective of the present work is to investigate the end-gas autoignition and detonation development in a confined space with the presence of wall heat loss by two-dimensional numerical simulations with a hydrogen/air mixture. The effects of turbulence–heat loss interactions, initial temperature, equivalence ratio, and wall temperature on end-gas combustion modes are analyzed in detail. The results show that with the presence of wall heat loss, end-gas autoignition takes place in the hot core regions away from the walls, and the autoignition fronts touching the wall can lead to a much larger wall heat flux than that induced by main flame–wall interactions. In the base cases, increasing the turbulence intensity promotes the end-gas autoignition mode transition from thermal explosion-detonation to thermal explosion-deflagration and finally to no-autoignition, whereas detonation takes place in all cases regardless of the turbulence intensity after the initial temperature or equivalence ratio is raised. However, in these cases with a low equivalence ratio, the detonation propagation is unstable, which can be easily decoupled spontaneously after it encounters the cold flow. It is further found that for the cases with unstable detonation propagation, the burned mass fraction (BMF) dominates the knock intensity, whereas for the cases with stable detonation propagation, the maximum pressure in a chamber will extremely depend on the local and instantaneous interactions between the pressure/shock waves, but the effect of BMF becomes minor.