bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Arousal Level Detection in EEG Signals through Genetic Algorithm-based Feature Selection and Fast Bit Hopping
Authors: Sheikhian Elnaz , Ghoshuni Majid , Azarnoosh Mahdi , Khalilzadeh Mohammad Mahdi
Published: July 2024

Background:

This study explores a novel approach to detecting arousal levels through the analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Leveraging the Faller database with data from 18 healthy participants, we employ a 64-channel EEG system.

Methods:

The approach we employ entails the extraction of ten frequency characteristics from every channel, culminating in a feature vector of 640 dimensions for each signal instance. To enhance classification accuracy, we employ a genetic algorithm for feature selection, treating it as a multiobjective optimization task. The approach utilizes fast bit hopping for efficiency, overcoming traditional bit-string limitations. A hybrid operator expedites algorithm convergence, and a solution selection strategy identifies the most suitable feature subset.

Results:

Experimental results demonstrate the method’s effectiveness in detecting arousal levels across diverse states, with improvements in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. In scenario one, the proposed method achieves an average accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 93.11%, 98.37%, and 99.14%, respectively. In scenario two, the averages stand at 81.35%, 88.65%, and 84.64%.

Conclusions:

The obtained results indicate that the proposed method has a high capability of detecting arousal levels in different scenarios. In addition, the advantage of employing the proposed feature reduction method has been demonstrated.
Effect of Motion Kinematics on Microcrack Formation in Root Canals: A Micro-CT Study
Authors: Nayak Mohini , Hegde Swaroop , Nagaraja Shruthi , Kalasaiah Dinesh , Ramesh Poornima
Published: July 2024

Introduction: High friction and narrow root canal openings cause stress concentrations that cause dentinal abnormalities, including microcracks that can lead to catastrophic root fractures. The aim of the study is to compare the frequency of dentinal microcracks after root canal instrumentation with continuous rotary (Silk), reciprocating (Wave One Gold), and adaptive motion (Twisted File Adaptive) using micro-CT. In-vitro, experimental design. Materials and methods: Thirty freshly extracted mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals and foramina were used. The roots were allocated into three similar groups according to curvature angles, radii of the canals, and lengths of the roots. Distal roots were removed, and mesial roots were embedded in wax block and instrumented with the Silk Mani, Wave One Gold, and Twisted File Adaptive. Dentinal microcracks were evaluated on micro-CT images of the apical 10 mm of the roots with 1-mm intervals. Two experienced observers evaluated the images twice in a blinded fashion. The presence of dentinal microcracks (complete/incomplete cracks) was noted and analyzed statistically using McNemar and chi-square tests (P = 0.05). The McNemar test was used to compare significant differences between pre- and postinstrumentations. The chi-square test was used for comparison of postinstrumentation microcrack formation. Results: Silk Mani caused the greatest number of complete microcracks (50%), followed by Wave One Gold (0%), and then the least was by Twisted File Adaptive (0%). Complete cracks by Silk were mainly seen in the coronal 1/3rd of the root canal system. Wave One Gold caused the greatest number of incomplete cracks (60%), followed by Silk Mani (30%) and then Twisted File Adaptive file system (10%). Incomplete cracks by Wave One Gold were mainly seen in the apical part of the root canal system. Conclusion: The continuous rotary motion (Silk Mani) caused the most complete microcracks, and the reciprocating motion (Wave One Gold) produced the most incomplete microcracks. The adaptive motion (Twisted File Adaptive) caused the least microcracks (complete and incomplete) when compared to the other two systems.
Evaluation and Comparison of the Dimensional Accuracy of Resultant Casts Made by Monophase Polyether and Monophase Addition Silicone Impression Materials − An In Vitro Study
Authors: Makker Raveena , Choukse Vivek , Gupta Shilpi G , Srivastava Rajeev , Khandelwal Sourabh , Reddy Prashanthi
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Dimensional accuracy when making impressions is crucial to the quality of fixed prosthodontics treatment, and impression materials are critical factors affecting this accuracy. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the dimensional accuracy of resultant casts made by monophase polyether and monophase addition silicone impression materials. Materials and Methods: A stainless steel model containing two complete-veneer, fixed partial denture abutment preparations was fabricated with standardized specifications that served as a control. This was then used to compare the impression materials. Seventy gypsum casts were obtained, 35 from each impression material. All the impressions were made in stainless steel perforated custom tray. A tray space of 2 mm was provided for the impression material. Impressions of the stainless-steel model were made using monophase polyether and monophase addition silicone impression material. The accuracy of the two impression materials was assessed by measuring three dimensions (intra- and interabutment) (10-µm accuracy) on stone casts. One-way analysis of variance and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in the dimensional accuracy of stone dies obtained with both materials as compared to those of the stainless-steel model (p > 0.01). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it was found that there was no significant difference in the dimensional accuracy of resultant casts made by monophase polyether and monophase addition silicone impression materials. However, the dimensional measurements of casts fabricated from monophase addition silicone were found to be closer to control as compared to monophase polyether.
Rapid Tissue Processing Technique − An Anecdote of Methyl Salicylate
Authors: Jayakumar Dinakar , Jaish Lal Mariachelliah Singarayan , Usha Gomakumar Kanaka Sabhapathi , Selvan Mamtha Roshni Arul , Stephen Ani Simila Charles , Swornappan Mithra
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The preparation of biopsy specimens for sectioning needs to be processed by being exposed to various chemicals at varying concentrations. Rapid tissue processing (RaPT) is used to reduce the processing time by using methyl salicylate as a clearing agent instead of Xylene used in Routine Processing Technique (RoPT). The study was done to create a quick tissue processing method employing methyl salicylate as a clearing agent and to compare it to a Routine tissue processing method in terms of cost, shrinkage, duration of processing, and staining quality. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 tissue specimens were considered for this study. Both the routine processing technique (RoPT) and the rapid processing technique (RaPT) were used to process the tissue bit split into two halves. To assess for shrinking, tissue bit dimensions were measured before and after processing using both methods. On each specimen, the five most typical fields were picked, and pictures were taken and subjected to morphometric analysis to evaluate the cellular details. Results: The duration, cost, tissue shrinkage and staining quality were comparatively beneficial when using Rapid processing technique with methyl salicylate when compared to Routine processing technique with Xylene. Conclusion: This study can prove to be beneficial to pathology laboratories by reducing the waiting period for the delivery of the report and benefits the patients with early diagnosis and early treatment. We conclude that we can utilise methyl salicylate as an alternative to Xylene in tissue processing as a clearing agent.
Comparative analysis of sticky bone and demineralized bone matrix with calcium sulfate hemihydrate on alveolar bone and papillary levels in immediate two-stage dental implant placement: A clinico-radiographic evaluation
Authors: Sahithi Taneeru venkata lakshmi , Reddy Dandu Siva Sai Prasad , Prasad Dara Sampath Kumar , Sistla Lakshmi Sailaja , Yandapalli Roja , Nagireddy Ravindra Reddy
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Immediate implant placement in fresh extraction sockets is considered reliable and effective; however, the healing and osseointegration associated with specific graft materials, such as sticky bone and demineralized bone matrix with calcium sulfate hemihydrate (DBM-CSH), require further investigation. This study aims to assess these grafts in conjunction with immediate implants. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients (6 male and 12 female) requiring at least one tooth extraction were randomly divided into two groups. Group I received sticky bone grafts, while group II was treated with DBM-CSH. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months postimplantation, with outcomes subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The study confirmed that immediate implant placement using atraumatic techniques effectively preserves both hard and soft tissues at the extraction site. Over 6 months, both groups exhibited significant soft tissue improvement, with the sticky bone group showing greater crestal bone level augmentation compared to the DBM-CSH group. Conclusion: Immediate implant placement using sticky bone or DBM-CSH grafts offers esthetic benefits and poses no risk of infection or disease transmission. The addition of DBM to autologous fibrin glue (sticky bone) might enhance immediate implant success.
Tomographic index (ONSD/ETD) as a predictor of short-term neurological outcome in children with severe traumatic brain injury: A single-center retrospective observational study from Mexico
Authors: Maytorena Juan Enrique García , Antonio Yanyn Ameyaly Cabrera , Vázquez Kassandra Aglae Salazar , Alatorre Arturo Gerardo Garza , Martínez Verónica Rodríguez
Published: July 2024

Background:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent condition in the pediatric population. An index between the diameter of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and the transverse eyeball transverse diameter (ETD) measured in the tomographic scan has been described in adults, with a cutoff value of ≥0.25 for predicting poor neurologic prognoses. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the index ONSD/ETD with the neurological outcome in children with severe TBI.

Subjects and Methods:

This was single-center, retrospective study, conducted from March 2021 to November 2022. Patients older than 30 days and up to 16 years of age admitted with severe TBI were included in the study. Measurements of the ONSD/ETD index by cranial tomography were calculated. The population was divided into two groups, one with index ≥0.25 and other with index <0.25. Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) and outcome were compared between groups.

Results:

Thirty patients were recruited. Patients with inde × 0.25 or higher had a lower GOSE (60% (1–2 points) vs. 60% (7–8 points)), more days of mechanical ventilation (MV) (8 days, interquartile range IQR 5–17 days vs. 3 days, IQR 2–4 days P = 0.005), and more length of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay (12 days, IQR 9–23 days vs. 5 days, IQR 4–8 days P = 0.007) than patients with index <0.25.

Conclusions:

The ONSD/ETD index was a reliable indicator for predicting the neurological outcome of patients with severe TBI. An index ≥0.25 was associated with more days of PICU stay and MV with worse neurological outcomes.
Life-threatening bradycardia in an anorexia nervosa patient: A case report
Authors: Obremskey Alexandra W. , Sethness Janis L. , Shafi Tarane , Brogan Thomas V.
Published: July 2024

Cardiac complications are frequently seen in patients with anorexia nervosa, with bradycardia being the most common. The degree of bradycardia can be a marker of disease severity as heart rate (HR) nadir is correlated with body mass index, total weight loss, and recent weight loss. Despite the prevalence and potential severity of bradycardia, there is limited literature evaluating the optimal management of severe bradycardia. This case report discusses a patient with a HR lower than previously reported in the literature and provides a valuable opportunity to examine the management of cardiac output in cases of severe bradycardia.
Left main bronchus compression by massive pericardial effusion: A rare cause of respiratory distress in an infant: A case report
Authors: Sudeep K. C. , Angurana Suresh Kumar , Nori Harshita , Naganur Sanjeev Hanumantacharya , Bhatia Anmol
Published: July 2024

Tracheobronchial compression due to cardiovascular disease is a rare cause of respiratory distress in children, and common causes include vascular slings and rings, abnormal origin of major vessels, and left atrial enlargement. Intrathoracic airway compression due to pericardial effusion is a rare cause of respiratory distress in children. Here, we present a 6-month-old male child who presented with respiratory distress due to extraluminal compression of the left main bronchus by large pericardial effusion leading to left lung collapse, which improved after pericardiocentesis.
Challenges in estimating the severity of kidney dysfunction in critically ill children
Authors: Rameshkumar Ramachandran , Chidambaram Muthu , Bhowmick Rohit
Published: July 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in critical care settings and conferred an increased risk of morbidities and mortality. The pendulum has shifted to the increasing number of children with comorbidities exposed to potential kidney damage. AKI is a complex clinical syndrome due to heterogeneous etiology. There has been an evolution in the definition and staging of AKI over the past two decades. However, estimating glomerular filtration rate in rapidly changing kidney function remains challenging. Although biomarkers are promising in AKI identification, timing is crucial in deciding which biomarker to measure. The outcome of AKI is not always recovery, but it is an interconnected syndrome with acute and chronic kidney disease.
Transmission regulating immune genes- a potential strategy to control vector borne disease
Authors: Srivastava Hemlata , Gupta Bhavna , Ali Mohammad Irfan , Moin Sarmad
Published: July 2024

Background & objectives:

More than 1 million people die every year from vector-borne diseases, which constitute more than 17% of all infectious diseases. This study’s primary focus is on the detailed evolutionary history and expression analysis of immune genes, one of the key gene families in the immune system of vectors that play a role in the regulation and interaction of parasites in vector bodies, particularly the mosquitoes that transmit malaria and dengue, significant vector borne disease.

Methods:

The vector potentiality and participation of TLR genes in vector parasite interaction in the Indian context will be explained by the differential expression study of this potential gene family in Indian populations of vector species.

Results:

This knowledge is supportive undoubtedly for creating new pharmacological targets and inhibitors that can create insect-based transmission stopping techniques for many vector-borne diseases.

Interpretation & conclusion:

However, the genetic diversity was found to be comparatively lower in the Toll1A gene than in the NOS immune gene in the malaria vector An. minimus population samples which supports the hypothesis of positive selection in recent evolutionary time scale in malaria vectors. This is one of the novel strategies to identify transmission regulating genetic traits that are controlling the vector-parasite interaction and co-evolution in vector borne disease.
Characterization of Leclercia adecarboxylata isolated from field collected Anopheles subpictus in Berhampur, Odisha, India
Authors: Agrawal Ankita , Barik Tapan Kumar , Patel Amiya Kumar
Published: July 2024

Background & objectives;

Malaria, a vector-borne disease, is caused by Plasmodium species and transmitted by Anopheles species. Among these vectors, Anopheles subpictus has emerged as a potent malarial vector in coastal areas of India. Numerous studies have highlighted that bacterial communities within mosquito influence vector competence. The present study was designed to isolate and characterize bacterial microbiota from An. subpictus larvae.

Methods:

Isolation and purification of the predominant bacterial strain (ALl) was carried out. Morphological, biochemical, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characterization of the isolated bacteria was performed.

Results:

Bacterial isolate (AL1) was found to be rod, gram negative, catalase positive and oxidase negative. AL1 was identified as Leclercia adecarboxylata (Accession number: OR649235) through 16S rRNA ribotyping. Further, the leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis showed inhibitory effect against ALl.

Interpretation & conclusion:

The study provided the first report on the isolation of symbiotic bacteria (L. adecarboxylata) from An. subpictus and its control by leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis. Isolated gram-negative bacterial strain might inhibit the development of mosquito vectors and can be implemented for various biological control strategies to combat malaria transmission.
Drugs resistance and new strategies of prevention against Malaria: An ongoing battle
Authors: Basu Lisa , Bhowmik Biplab , Pal Aparajita , Roy Priya , Dey Bipasa , Mondal Riya , Roy Chayanika , Halder Labani
Published: July 2024

From ancient times until 21st century, Malaria has remained a fatal disease. It causes death in many poor and developing countries. Excluding vector control, Antimalarial drugs are the most reliable and effective weapon to tackle this severe disease. The emergence of antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium spp. becomes a barrier in Malaria elimination program as there has been no effective antimalarial vaccine till today. Apart from artemisinin, most of the antimalarial drugs have become resistant against malaria at present. Although, reduced efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has also been reported from southeast regions of Asia. Mutation of some genes within the parasite play a vital role in this drug resistance. Therefore, malaria is still a prime threat to human death and an unsolved problem. Newly emerging approaches like, vaccine development, plants based antimalarial drugs, nanoparticles, next generation antimalarial drugs should be taken & supported. In addition to that, public awareness is much needed for understanding the fatality of the disease and for encouraging self-protection and early treatment.
Fingerprints as an Index for Cooperation in Children during Dental Treatment: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Meera A. K. , Punathil Sameer , Pai Archana , James Jeswin , Venugopal Jipsa , Rag Bimal
Published: July 2024

Background:

The behaviour of a child is an essential factor in paediatric dentistry. Fingerprints are unique and constant over a lifetime. Some studies indicate a relationship between fingerprint type and behaviour mode of children during dental treatment. Therefore, fingerprint patterns might help to predict the extent of cooperation by children during dental procedures.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to investigate the possible relationship between fingerprint patterns and the cooperation of children during dental procedures.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 80 children aged 4–7 years were examined. The children meeting the inclusion criteria in their first dental visit are scheduled for a dental procedure. During this procedure, based on Frankl’s scale, the child’s behaviour is assessed. Subjects were categorised as cooperative or uncooperative. A different examiner records the child’s fingerprint. The data were compared with SPSS Version 21. Intergroup comparison was made using the Chi-square test at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:

Amongst the 47 cooperative children, 34 children had loop fingerprint pattern, 7 had whorl fingerprint pattern and 6 had arch fingerprint patterns. Amongst the 33 uncooperative children, 14 had loop fingerprint pattern, 15 had whorl fingerprint pattern and 4 had arch fingerprint pattern. The difference was significant between the groups (P < 0.01) based on dermatoglyphic characteristics, with the loop pattern being seen in cooperative children and the whorl pattern in uncooperative children.

Conclusion:

There is a relationship between fingerprint type and behaviour mode of children, with loop pattern being the primary fingerprint type amongst the cooperative group and whorl pattern amongst the uncooperative group.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Dental Practitioners in Kerala on Clinical Decision Support Tools in the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries
Authors: Jayan Namitha Attuvepil , Subbalekshmi T. , Thomas Jeswin M. , George Miranda
Published: July 2024

Background:

Traumatic dental injuries (TDI’s) be it simple or complex are one of the most frequently encountered oral health problems of public health concern. The quality of the treatment provided by the practitioners can affect the overall prognosis of the affected teeth. To achieve optimal clinical success, evidence-based knowledge in the management of TDIs is essential. There is rapid accessibility of information through clinical decision support tools (CDST) (mobile applications and guidelines) which can be utilised by practitioners for efficient management of TDIs.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of dental practitioners in Kerala on the use of CDST in the management of TDI’s.

Settings and Design:

This was an observational cross-sectional study.

Subjects and Methods:

A close-ended validated electronic questionnaire with 37 questions was circulated amongst100 dental practitioners from October to December 2023. Participation in the study was voluntary and all responses were anonymous.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics was used to summarise the characteristics of survey respondents and their responses.

Results:

Practitioners were somewhat confident (77%) or neutral (33%) in planning the treatment of TDI and 25% were extremely confident. Most of the practitioners were not aware of CDST (64%). Amongst the practitioners who were aware of CDST (34%), 60% used mobile applications for managing TDI. Seventy-four percentage of the practitioners had knowledge on the International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines and 80% of them had used it for treatment planning.

Conclusions:

The current results demonstrated a lack of knowledge amongst practitioners regarding CDST. Hence, there is a need for planned interventions to create and propagate awareness regarding the same.
Restoration of Root-filled Teeth: A Literature Review
Authors: Geetha Praveena
Published: July 2024

The continued evolution of dental materials and techniques, combined with a trend towards more conservative endodontic-restorative procedures, prompts re-evaluation of the scientific literature. The aim of this literature review was to provide an updated overview of the existing clinical literature relating to the restoration of root filled teeth.
Prevalence and Molecular Detection of Virulence Genes among Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from Human Clinical Samples and Poultry in Duhok City, Iraq
Authors: Albazaz Rojan Ibrahim , Yassin Najim Abdulla
Published: July 2024

Background:

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli has increased virulence and multidrug resistance (MDR).

Objectives:

This study was designed to ascertain the frequency of some virulence factor genes, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, ESBLs, and MDR, focused on colistin-resistant E. coli strains of human and animal origin in Duhok city, Iraq.

Materials and Methods:

Between December 2020 and April 2021, a total of 150 E. coli isolates (110 from human clinical specimens and 40 from poultry cloacal swabs) were included in this study. The isolates underwent screening for antibiotic susceptibility, MDR, ESBL, and molecular detection of four virulence genes (fimA, cnfL, crL, and hlyA) was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

Urine specimens (77.2%) compared to blood, wound, vaginal swab, sputum, and semen from outpatients (71.8%). All strains from humans and poultry showed high resistance to ampicillin (86%–97%), ceftriaxone (74%–47%), tetracycline (72%–85%), ciprofloxacin (48%–97%), and colistin (17%–12%). The lowest levels of resistance were found for carbapenems (4%–4%), and the MDR for the isolates was 63%–93%. Apart from carbapenems, colistin-resistant isolates, especially those from poultry, exhibited significant resistance to other antibiotics, and 57% of these isolates being ESBL producers. Three virulence genes (fimA, cnfL, and crL) were highly prevalent (92%) in human isolates, with the crL gene being predominant (100%). Among poultry isolates, fimA was more prevalent (94%) while crL was less common (6%).

Conclusion:

The predominance of isolates of colistin-resistant poultry origin and the virulence of isolates of human E. coli origin indicate that both strains are currently experiencing an increase in antibiotic resistance.
Pregnant Women’s Hematological Profile in Duhok Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Rasheed Bizav N.
Published: July 2024

Background:

In pregnancy, hematological changes occur in order to meet the demands of the developing fetus and placenta, with major alterations in blood volume. Abnormal hematological profile affects pregnancy and its outcome.

Objective:

The objective of study is to determine the hematological changes that take place during pregnancy, to assess these changes in pregnant women, and to contrast hematological parameters between trimesters in Duhok Governorate, Iraq.

Materials and Methods:

From October 2021 to May 2022, at the Duhok Maternity Hospital, 210 (70 first, 70 s, and 70 third trimesters) consecutively healthy pregnant women were subjected to the study. A pre-tested questionnaire form used to gather socio-demographic data for hematological parameters analysis using a Medonic auto analyzer blood count coulter, and a peripheral blood film review, after the withdrawal of four milliliters of blood from voluntaries participants.

Results:

The hematological profile for 210 pregnant women was studied, and there were differences between the trimesters. The results for red blood cells, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocytes were found statistically significant between 1st and 2nd trimesters (P value = 0.020, 0.0001, 0.006, and 0.023), respectively. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of lymphocytes between 1st and 3rd trimesters were statistically significant (P value < 0.05). A significant difference was found between 2nd and 3rd trimester for hemoglobin and platelets (P value 0.0001 and 0.021), respectively.

Conclusion:

Numerous hematologic problems can be brought on by being pregnant or develop during pregnancy. These hematological conditions were leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. These complaints are a generous cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women, which has effects on both the mother and the fetus. In order to reduce the hazards, these hematological illnesses provide to pregnant women and their developing fetus; more research should be done.
Molecular Identification of Kocuria Species Isolated from Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Ali Seenaa Muhammed
Published: July 2024

Background:

Kocuria species is now increasingly being recognized as an emerging human pathogen, suggesting that this genus has mostly been neglected or misidentified.

Objective:

This study attempts to use molecular techniques to correctly identify Kocuria species isolated from inpatient children, and to compare between the identification results obtained from two methods: VITEK 2 and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Materials and Methods:

VITEK 2, an automated system, was used to identify clinical isolates. Isolates identified as Kocuria spp. were submitted to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction testing. A partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene was constructed and compared to GenBank sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. To confirm the strains’ identity, a phylogenetic tree including all Kocuria species was constructed.

Results:

Three isolates of Kocuria spp. were identified; the first two isolates were confirmed as K. kristinae by VITEK 2, pairwise 16S rRNA sequencing, and phylogenetic tree. However, the third isolate was identified as K. rosea, contradicting the pairwise 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree identification as K. turfanensis.

Conclusion:

It is crucial to utilize molecular techniques for correctly identifying Kocuria species. In this study, it is found that K. turfanensis emerges as a pathogenic species and the first known cause of meningitis in humans and K. kristinae is identified as the first known cause of pediatric urinary tract infections.
Study the Correlation of Zearalenone with Prevalence of Breast Cancer in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq
Authors: Al-Mhanaa Haider Abbas Hadi , Al-Obaidi Atheer B. , Algazali Sajad A. , Abdelzaher H.G. , Abdelzaher M.A. , Alsirhani Alaa Muqbil , Mohammed Rawaa M. , Mohammed Roaa , Ali Mohanad Kadhim , Mahdi Mohammed Qasim Salih , Abdul-Jawad Dhuhah Hayder , Al-Muhanna Estabraq Hassan Badder , Alsaadi Ismael Mohammed , Bustani Ghadeer Sabah , Al-Hasan Baraa Akeel
Published: July 2024

Background:

This study aimed to investigate the concentration of ZAN in female breast cancer patients compared to a control group.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of ZAN and its association with breast cancer in female patients treated at the National Educational Oncology Hospital in the Al-Najaf Province.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 40 female breast cancer patients who were treated at the National Educational Oncology Hospital in the Al-Najaf Province between April and August 2022 were included in the study. Additionally, 20 healthy females served as the control group. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantitatively diagnose the ratio of ZAN in the 40 breast cancer cases with positive results. Serum samples were collected in sterile Eppendorf tubes and analyzed using HPLC to determine the concentration of ZAN. Relevant patient information, including age ranges, was recorded in data sheets.

Results:

The results revealed a significant increase (P< 0.05) in ZAN concentrations among the breast cancer patients compared to the control group. The concentrations of ZAN were measured at 0.345394 and 0.220381 ng/mL, respectively, indicating higher ZAN levels in the breast cancer patient group.

Conclusion:

This study provides evidence of a significant association between ZAN concentration and breast cancer in female patients treated at the National Educational Oncology Hospital in the Al-Najaf Province. These findings contribute to the understanding of the role of ZAN in breast cancer development. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying this relationship and potentially develop targeted interventions.
Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Currant Extracts and Study of Protective against Liver Necrosis of Rat
Authors: Al-Kurdy Masar J. , Al-Khuzaie Mohammed G. A. , Habeeb Afrah A. , Abbas Ghanim A. , Al Dulaimi Zaid M. H.
Published: July 2024

Aim:

The goal of the current research was to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) via a simple, cheap, and eco-friendly method as an efficient antioxidant agent.

Materials and Methods:

ZnONPs are synthesized by reduction of zinc acetate dehydrate using extract of black currant (BC) as reductant. The characterization of stability, size, morphology, and the surface function groups present on synthesized ZnOBCNPs was achieved by Fourier transform infra red, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the research included investigating the protective effect of prepared ZONPS on oxidative-stressed rats and evaluating its effectiveness in reducing free radical-induced damage by tracking the concentrations of liver enzymes and blood lipid profiles of rats.

Results:

The results showed that ZONPS has a positive, beneficial effect in the protection of the rat tissues and ameliorating side effects of oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

ZONPS can be produced in a simple way, quickly, and in an environmentally friendly manner without the use of hazardous reagents. In this method, zinc acetate dehydrate is reduced with an aqueous solution of BC. The ZONPS, thus produced, can be used as a tissue protectant against oxidative stress. The results showed that the concentrations of liver enzymes and blood lipid profile were stable within normal values in rats exposed to oxidative stress and treated with the prepared ZONPS solution. This indicates that the prepared nanoparticles reduced the harmful effect of oxidative stress through several proposed mechanisms mentioned previously.
Evaluation of Some Medicinal Plant Crude Extracts (Aqueous, Ethanol, and Acetone) Against Several Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Mohammed Fatima Razzaq , Hussein Khalid Ali , Abboud Zuhair Hameed
Published: July 2024

Background:

The Terminalia chebula fruit extract possesses various biological properties such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protoparasite.

Objective:

This study aimed to detect the active compounds in the aqueous, ethyl alcoholic, and acetone extracts of the seeds of Terminalia chebula, Pimpinella anisum, and Artemisia herba-alba against the bacterial species that will be isolated from bacterial skin infections.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 120 pathological isolates were isolated from patients with bacterial skin infections; aqueous, alcoholic, and acetone extracts were prepared; the efficiency of these plant extracts against bacterial species was evaluated; and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined.

Results:

A total of 100 bacterial isolates were obtained out of 120 samples, which included 42 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 33 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 25 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The alcoholic extract of the seeds of the Terminalia chebula plant was the best plant extract in inhibiting the isolated bacterial species.

Conclusions:

The Iraqi environment is rich in medicinal plants such as Terminalia chebula, Pimpinella anisum, and Artemisia herba-alba.

Conclusion:

It was also found that the alcoholic extracts of the seeds of the Terminalia chebula showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria species under study, and all studied plants contain most of the active compounds.
Impact of Congenital Uterine Anomalies on Ectopic Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of 510 Cases
Authors: Al-Bdairi Adnan A. H. , Makki Al-Hindy Hayder Abdul-Amir , Rahmatullah Wafaa Salih , Alshukri Wafa Salih Mahdi
Published: July 2024

Background:

Congenital uterine abnormalities may affect a woman’s ability to reproduce, leading to negative pregnancy-related consequences. One to two percent of all pregnancies are said to carry the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between reproductive, obstetric, and natal outcomes and various subtypes of congenital uterine abnormalities.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional observational study included 510 infertile women with a mean age of 36.72 ± 6.99 years. All were submitted to a thorough medical, gynecological, and obstetrical history, and 3D sonography. As well, hysteroscopy examinations were also performed for all females to reveal uterine contours, and detect any Mullerian system anomalies. Uterine anomalies when diagnosed were classified according to the “ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies.”

Results:

The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies was 44.9% among patients with ectopic pregnancy. The most common uterine anomaly was uterine septum (962.4%), followed by T-shape uterus (25.8%), then unicornuate (9.2%), and the least incidence was the bicornuate uterus (2.6%). Those with congenital uterine abnormalities had a significantly higher (OR = 1.82) overall risk of developing secondary infertility (P = 0.001). Those with congenital uterine abnormalities had a significantly increased overall risk (OR = 1.476) of experiencing an abortion (P = 0.043). Those with congenital uterine abnormalities had a much higher probability of not giving birth to a live child (OR = 1.72, P = 0.005).

Conclusion:

When compared to women without anomalies, those with congenital uterine abnormalities had a markedly higher overall risk of developing secondary infertility, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and a much higher probability of not giving birth to a live child.
New induction chemotherapy using intra-arterial infusion for tongue squamous cell carcinoma to avoid reconstructive surgery: A 6 case reports
Authors: Kaneko Tetsuharu , Kanno Chihiro , Yamazaki Morio , Yaginuma Sadanoshin
Published: July 2024

Most tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) classified as T3 require reconstructive surgery, which inevitably causes problems with oral functions. We propose new induction chemotherapy using intra-arterial infusion for TSCC classified as T3 to avoid reconstructive surgery. This chemotherapy regimen consists of intra-arterial infusion of docetaxel and cisplatin and systemic administration of 5-fluorouracil. As a result of this treatment, the therapeutic effect was a complete response in five patients and a partial response in one patient, and the overall response rate was 100%. All six patients underwent partial resection because their tumors shrank with this induction chemotherapy. In addition, adverse events of grade 3 or more did not occur in all six patients. The median follow-up duration for all patients was 34 months, and they are alive. This intra-arterial chemotherapy regimen was shown to be highly efficacious and safe.
Complex odontoma: A single center case series
Authors: Sowmya M. V. , Singh Vibha , Ram Hari , Kanna V. E. Shanthosh
Published: July 2024

Odontoma is a benign mixed odontogenic tumor. Odontoma is classified into two variants: compound odontoma, which has resemblance to the tooth structure, and complex odontoma, which consists of haphazardly arranged enamel and dentin bearing no resemblance to the tooth structure. The most common site of occurrence of complex odontoma is the posterior aspect of mandible. Surgical excision of the complex odontoma remains the mainstay of treatment, which seldom recurs. Here, we report a series of complex odontoma cases reported to our institute that were managed by surgical excision with no signs of recurrence in subsequent follow-up appointments.
Primary non-radiation induced angiosarcoma of the parotid with epithelioid morphology
Authors: Leow Julian , Prabhu Karunakar
Published: July 2024

Angiosarcomas are rare, accounting for only 1–2% of sarcomas in the head and neck region. We present an extremely rare case of primary non-radiation-induced angiosarcoma of the parotid with epithelioid morphology which required a tertiary center second opinion for its histological characteristics. We discuss the presentation, imaging, diagnosis, characteristics, and pathway of this case. As parotid lumps are common, a surgical sieve is required to rule out other possible conditions. Early correct diagnosis is crucial in conditions such as angiosarcomas due to their quick metastatic potential.
Application of calcium sulfate as graft material in implantology and maxillofacial procedures: A review of literature
Authors: Gupta Hemant , Pandey Ashish , Agarwal Rashmi , Mehra Hemant , Gupta Swati , Gupta Neena , Kumar Abhigyan
Published: July 2024

Calcium sulphate (plaster of Paris) has been used since 1892 to fill bone defects and as a good bone graft substitute. Calcium sulphate is an osteoconductive, inorganic substance. Following 75 years, many other authors reported variable and a better result in grafting of bone defects and in several cases of immediate and delayed dental implants for good osseointegrations, with no complications attributed to the calcium sulphate. Early results were variable, because of its conflicting crystalline structure, purity, and quality of the calcium sulphate. Apart from this, calcium sulphate also shows predictable resorption rate in vivo, presence of minimal trace elements and extremely uniform crystalline structure. Calcium sulphate is a bio-inert material and get resorbed over a period of weeks and fibrovascular tissue takes its place which eventually allows neovascularization and bone formation within the area. Use During the conventional surgical treatment addition of calcium sulphate as a bone graft of in case of placement of dental implants and pathological bony defects it improves the clinical outcome. Calcium sulphate also act as a barrier and filling material for the treatment of “through and through” bony lesions. Use of calcium sulphate as a bone graft substitute avoids the complications and morbidity associated with autograft like infection, second surgery.
Congenital bilateral nasal obstruction in neonate: Case report with review of literature for congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) and differential diagnosis and management
Authors: Satpathy Anupama , Dasgupta Arjun , Mohan Nittala Venkata Krishna , Dutta Chirajit
Published: July 2024

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis is a newly defined clinical entity that causes nasal airway obstruction in neonates due to the narrowing of the pyriform aperture, which is the narrowest and most anterior portion of the nasal airway. As newborns are obligate nasal breathers except when crying, a child with bilateral nasal pyriform aperture obstruction presents as an acute airway emergency, resulting in apnea and cyanosis. This entity should be kept in the differential diagnosis of any neonate or infant presenting with signs and symptoms of upper airway obstruction.
Effect of mandibular advancement therapy on inflammatory biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review
Authors: Priyadarshini Pooja , Singh Deepak , Sharma Vipul Kumar , Chaturvedi T P , Singh Akhilesh Kumar
Published: July 2024

To review the literature on the effect of mandibular advancement therapy (MAT) on inflammatory biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The present systematic review addresses the following focus question: What is the effect of MAT on inflammatory biomarkers in OSA? Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted on databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies published until September 2021 to collect information about the effect of mandibular advancement therapy, a non-continuous positive airway pressure alternative measurement of OSA. A systematic literature review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines to identify studies evaluating the effect of MAT in patients suffering from OSA. Randomized clinical trials were included, and case reports, retrospective studies, literature reviews, in-vitro studies, observational studies, authors’ opinions, letters to the editor, and engineering articles were excluded. Fifty-nine articles published before September 2021 were identified. Fifty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. After assessing inclusion criteria, three clinical trials were included with 148 patients suffering from OSA and treated with mandibular advancement therapy. The follow-up period ranged from two to three months, with the average follow-up being 1.66 months. The mean age of the patients was observed to be 53.11 ± 2.65 years. The mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale observed in patients in all three clinical trials was 9.75 ± 0.89. MAT in patients with moderate or severe OSA reduced apnea-hypopnea index but has less effect on inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers.
Role of Koebner phenomenon in predicting the clinical profile and course of vitiligo
Authors: Jose Sheethal K , Marfatia Yogesh S.
Published: July 2024

Background: Koebner phenomenon (KP) is a clinical indicator of disease activity in vitiligo. Few studies have suggested that it may also be used to predict the clinical profile, prognosis, and response to therapy. Aims: To compare the clinical characteristics of vitiligo patients with different types of KP in an Indian population. Methods: A prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted from January to November 2016. Classification of KP was done according to the Vitiligo European Task Force guidelines into KP1-by history and KP2-by clinical examination (2A: lesions on friction areas and 2B: trauma-induced lesions). Results: Of the total 160 patients, KP was observed in 102 (63.8%) cases. Type 1 KP was seen in 43 (26.9%), type 2A in 87 (54.4%), and type 2B in 34 (21.3%) cases. Patients with KP1 and KP2B had an earlier age of presentation and disease onset, while those with KP2A had a higher age of presentation and disease onset. Incidence of other autoimmune disorders, higher BSA involvement and requirement of betamethasone oral mini pulse therapy were significantly higher in cases with KP1 and KP2A, while significantly elevated anti-thyroid peroxidase levels were seen in cases with KP2A. Also, lesser treatment response was noted among cases with KP1 and KP2A. Conclusion: KP is associated with increased disease activity and more extensive involvement of vitiligo. Type 2A KP was associated with a higher incidence of other autoimmune disorders, more extensive disease, and the use of systemic steroids for treatment, which were not seen in KP2B. Thus, these groups might define two different subsets of patients.
Combination of Fractional Carbon Di Oxide Laser with Narrow Band Ultravoilet B Therapy to induce repigmentation in stable resistant vitiligo- A split-lesional study
Authors: Sharma Harshita , P. Shilpashree
Published: July 2024

Context: Resistant vitiligo is challenging to treat and needs new therapeutic approaches such as combining fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) therapy. Aims: The study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of combining fractional CO2 laser and NB-UVB therapy to induce repigmentation in resistant localized vitiligo patches. Materials and Methods: In this open, prospective, split-lesional study, 40 stable resistant vitiligo patches in 30 patients were included and assessed. After an initial assessment, a few resistant patches of vitiligo were identified, and a symmetrical half of it was given two sessions of fractional CO2 laser 1 month apart, followed by NB-UVB sessions to both sides thrice weekly for 3 months. Photographs were taken at baseline and 12 weeks, and repigmentation responses were assessed by calculating the mean percentage of improvement and mean grade of pigmentation on the fractional CO2 laser with NB-UVB site (test) and the only NB-UVB site (control) and then compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with significance determined by P value <0.05. Results: The mean grade of pigmentation (1.8±0.88) and mean surface area improvement (8.40 ± 6.82 cm2) on the fractional CO2 laser with NB-UVB site (test) were statistically better than the mean grade of pigmentation (1.27 ± 0.71) and mean surface area improvement (5.37 ± 6.76 cm2) on the NB-UVB site. A better grade of pigmentation was noted over sun-protected areas with fractional CO2 and NB-UVB therapy, while NB-UVB therapy fared better in sun-exposed areas. Conclusions: Fractional CO2 laser with NB-UVB therapy is an effective treatment in resistant vitiligo patches, especially for sun-protected areas.
Dermoscopy in albinism
Authors: Kalantri Mayuri , Khopkar Uday , Gole Prachi
Published: July 2024

Albinos are at great risk for developing cutaneous malignancy. We report a 33-year-old patient of occulocutaneous albinism who presented with multiple actinic keratoses and basal-cell carcinoma. This report highlights the increase in vascular structures seen on dermoscopy as a clue toward malignant transformation. We hereby emphasize the role of dermoscopy for monitoring and screening of skin tumors in albinism and other genodermatosis prone to skin tumors.