bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the ionized gas boundary layer adjacent to the bodies of revolution in the case of variable electroconductivity
Authors: Obrovic Branko , Savic Slobodan , Sustersic Vanja
Published: December 2012

This paper studies the ionized gas i.e. air flow in an axisymmetrical
boundary layer adjacent to the bodies of revolution. The contour of the body
within the fluid is nonporous. The ionized gas flows under the conditions of
equilibrium ionization. A concrete form of the electroconductivity variation
law has been assumed and studied here. Through transformation of variables
and introduction of sets of parameters, V. N. Saljnikov's version of the
general similarity method has been successfully applied. Generalized
equations of axisymmetrical ionized gas boundary layer have been obtained and
then numerically solved in a three-parametric localized approximation.
Sylvatic trichinosis - role of wild animals in cycle of spread of trichinosis in Serbia
Authors: Petrovic Jelena , Pusic Ivan , Apic Jelena , Milanov Dubravka , Grgic Zivoslav , Djordjevic Vesna , Matekalo-Sverak Vesna
Published: December 2012

Trichinosis is a parasitic zoonosis that is caused by parasitic larvae of the
genus Trichinella. Serbia is among the countries in which T. spiralis is
present, in addition to domestic animals, also in synanthropic and sylvatic
animals. This paper presents the results of investigations of the spread of
trichinosis among certain species of sylvatic and synanthropic animals, with
the aim to establish the role of wild animals in the natural cycle of
trichinosis in this country. A total of 155 samples of wild boar, foxes,
jackals, and rats were analysed. The samples were investigated through the
artificial digestion method using a magnetic stirrer in keeping with
Commission Regulation (EC) No 2075/2005. The isolated muscle larvae were
determined using the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The
investigations established a relatively high prevalence of trichinosis in
foxes (5%) and jackals (8.33%) in the territory of Vojvodina. The degree of
infestation among carnivora in Serbia (10-30 larvae/10g) is much higher than
in countries where there is no trichinosis among domestic animals. The
prevalence of trichinosis among wild boar is not high, 0.82%, but a very high
degree of infestation was established in these animals (1100 larvae/g).
According to our results, the prevalence of trichinosis and the degree of
infestation in rats collected from pig farms with established trichinosis is
extremely high, the prevalence is higher than 80% with a degree of
infestation of 900 larvae/g. The isolated muscle larvae were determined as
belonging to the species T. spiralis. The spread of trichinosis is affected
to a large degree by poor socioeconomic conditions, inadequate education of
breeders, the absence of or unsatisfactory veterinary control, irregular
animal carcass removal. Trichinosis of domestic swine is widespread in Serbia
and it poses a significant risk to human health. The presented data indicate
that it is necessary to include measures for preventing the spread of
trichinosis from domestic swine to sylvatic animals among the measures that
are being implemented to cut down trichinosis among domestic animals.
Salmonella in pig lairage and in stunning box
Authors: Karabasil Nedjeljko , Dimitrijevic Mirjana , Pavlicevic Natasa , Teodorovic Vlado , Loncina Jasna , Nedeljkovic-Trailovic Jelena , Baltic Milan
Published: December 2012

Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and the
consumption of pork meat is a major source of human infection. The aim of
this study was to investigate the presence of Salmonella on different
surfaces in the pig lairage and stunning box as potential sources of cross
contamination of animals and carcasses. Sampling was conducted in two
abattoirs (slaughterhouse A and slaughterhouse B). Samples were taken from
slaughterhouse A in two instances (sampling I and II, a total of 60 samples)
and in slaughterhouse B once (sampling III, a total of 30 samples), from each
of the following sites: floor of ramp at unloading area, race between
unloading area and holding pens area, walls of holding pens, floor of holding
pens, water troughs in pens, drainage for fluids/feces, race between holding
pen and main race, race before stunning box, gates between race and stunning
box, stunning box floor. Of the total number of examined samples, the
percentage of positive samples for Salmonella in the lairage was 12.50% (72 /
9), and samples from the surface of the stunning box was 61.11%. (18 / 11).
Surfaces in a lairage and stunning box are regularly contaminated with
salmonella, and can pose potential sources of cross contamination of animals
and carcasses.
Analysis of variation of sagittal position of the jaw bones in skeletal class III malocclusion
Authors: Stojanovic Zdenka , Nikolic Predrag , Nikodijevic Angelina , Milic Jasmina , Duka Milos
Published: December 2012

Background/Aim. Skeletal Class III malocclusion is a discrepancy in the
sagittal jaw relationship, due to imbalances in their development and/or
position, resulting in the dominant appearance of the lower jaw in facial
profile. The aim of this study was to determine variations in the sagittal
position of the jaw bones to the cranial base in subjects with skeletal Class
III, for the earliest possible diagnosis of malocclusion. Methods. Fifty
children and as many adults with skeletal Class III, both sexes, were
examined and selected, based on the findings of sagittal interjaw
relationship (ANB) ? 0? from the cephalometric analysis of tele-x-ray profile
head shots. The subjects were grouped according to age. The first group
consisted of children aged 6-12 years, and another group, of adults aged
18-26 years. We measured the angles of maxillary prognathism (SNA),
mandibular prognathism (SNB) and ANB. Based on these results, within the
respective groups subclassification into the subgroups was done, among which
a significant difference measured values was evaluated. In both groups a
significant correlation of the determined values was evaluated. Results. An
average SNA angle ranged 77.36 ? 3.58 in children and 77.32 ? 4.88 in adults,
while an average SNB angle was 79.46 ? 3.91 in the group of children and
81.12 ? 3.76 in adults. An average ANB angle was -2.10 ? 2.07 in children,
and -4.00 ? 2.34 in adults. In both groups, a significant correlation between
the measured values and a significant difference in the values of all the
measured parameters were found between patients from different subgroups (p <
0.01). Conclusion. The most common morphological variation of sagittal
position of the upper jaw is its retrognatism, which is equally present in
both children and adults. Sagittal position of the lower jaw in most of the
adults was prognathic, while mandible prognathism in the children was less
present.
Postadenoidectomy hemorrhage: A two-year prospective study
Authors: Milosevic Dusanka
Published: December 2012

Background/Aim. Although postoperative complications are rare,
postadenoidectomy hemorrhage is one of the most frequent. The aim of this
prospective study was to evaluate the incidence and timing of
postadenoidectomy hemorrhage requiring hemostatic control under endotracheal
anesthesia. Methods. A two-year prospective study of patients undergoing
inpatient adenoidectomy, with (n = 462) or without tonsillectomy (n = 589),
was undertaken. Surgery was performed in endotracheal anesthesia using an
adenoid curette. Every bleeding event which needed procedure in general
anesthesia for its treatment was recorded. The timing of postadenoidectomy
hemorrhage was classified as primary or secondary. Results. Severe bleeding
following adenoidectomy with tonsillectomy which needed hemostatic control
under endotracheal anesthesia occurred in only 0.19% (2/1051) patients
(average age = 7.5 years). Postadenoidectomy hemorrhage was primary in both
of the patients. Conclusion. Severe postoperative hemorrhage requiring
hemostasis under endotracheal anesthesia can be expected in a small number of
children undergoing adenoidectomy with tonsillectomy.
Demographic characteristics and functional outcomes in patients with traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injuries
Authors: Milicevic Sasa , Bukumiric Zoran , Karadzov-Nikolic Aleksandra , Babovic Rade , Jankovic Slobodan
Published: December 2012

Background/Aim. Spinal cord injuries (SCI) could be associated with a
significant functional impairment in the areas of mobility, self-care, bowel
and bladder emptying and sexuality. The aim of this study was to compare
demographic characteristics and functional outcomes of nontraumatic and
traumatic spinal cord injury patients. Methods. This study was designed as
retrospective case series study. A detailed medical history including sex,
age, mode of trauma, and clinical and radiological examination was taken for
all patients. Hospital records were used to classify the patients according
to the following: mechanism of injury, neurological level of injury,
functional outcomes, associated injuries, method of treatment, secondary
complications and length of stay. The following clinical scores were measured
in the patients: American Spinal Injury Association standards (CASTA),
Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Modified Aschworth score (MAS).
Results. Out of totally 441 patients with spinal cord injury, 279 were
traumatic patients (TSCI) and 162 nontraumatic patients (NTSCI); 322 men and
119 women. The mean age of the patients was 46.1 ? 19.9 years. Traumatic and
nontraumatic populations showed several significant differences with regard
to age, level and severity of lesion. When adjusted for these factors
patients with traumatic injuries showed a significantly lower FIM score at
admission and significantly better improvement in the FIM score at discharge.
The two populations were discharged with similar functional outcome.
Conclusions. The NTSCI patients in our study were younger, more frequently
female, with less complications before rehabilitation and less frequently
treated operatively than the TSCI patients. Hospital rehabilitation of the
TSCI patients was longer than that of the NTSCI patients, but their
functional gain from admission was also higher, so at discharge. Traumatic
and nontraumatic spinal cord lesion patients achieved similar results in
regard to neurological and functional status.
Do Financial Restatements Lead to Auditor Changes?
Authors: Mande Vivek , Son Myungsoo
Published: December 2012

This paper examines whether financial restatements are associated with subsequent auditor changes. A financial restatement represents a breakdown in a company's financial reporting, but, importantly, also of its audit. We argue that in response to pressure from capital markets, restating firms will dismiss their auditors to increase audit quality and restore reputational capital lost when the restatements are announced to the investing public. Using a large sample of restatements and auditor changes we find that, consistent with our hypothesis, the likelihood of auditor-client realignments increases after firms announce restatements. As expected, we also find that the positive association between restatements and auditor turnovers is more pronounced when restatements are more severe and the quality of corporate governance is high. Finally, we find that stock market returns surrounding auditor changes increase as the severity of restatements increases. The last result supports the idea that stock markets have a positive view of auditor changes following restatements.

Data Availability: Data are publicly available from sources identified in the paper.
Structural properties of transparent Ti-V oxide semiconductor thin films
Authors: Sieradzka Karolina , Kaczmarek Danuta , Morgiel Jerzy , Domaradzki Jaroslaw , Prociow Eugeniusz , Adamiak Bogdan
Published: December 2012

Transparent oxide semiconducting thin films based on mixed Ti-V oxides were prepared using a modified reactive magnetron sputtering method. Based on structural investigations performed with the help of x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis, two distinct regions in the prepared thin film have been observed: a nanocrystalline TiO2-V2O3-V2O5 mixed composition, and a thin layer consisting of amorphous phase and nanocystalline TiO2 phase deposited directly at the substrate. Optical measurements show excellent transmission in the visible spectral range of 73%, on average. Resistivity of the thin film was found at the order of 105 Ω cm at room temperature. The preparation of mixed Ti-V oxides provides a combination of high transparency and semiconducting properties.
Study of interface reactions between Ti/Al/Ni/Au metallization and AlGaN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Macherzyński Wojciech , Paszkiewicz Bogdan
Published: December 2012

The electrical characteristics, and the range of interface metal-semiconductor reactions of Ti/Al/Ni/Au metallization with AlGaN/GaN heterostructures at various annealing temperatures ranging from 715°C to 865°C, have been investigated. The relation between the depth of the interface solid state reaction and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the ohmic contact, have been studied. It was observed, that the transition from nonlinear to linear I-V behaviour occurred after the annealing at 805°C. The structural changes in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures beneath the metallic contact after the thermal treatment, were investigated. After removing the metallization by etching, the atomic force microscope profiles and scanning electron microscope images, were studied to define the depth to which the interfacial solid state reactions between the metallization and the semiconductor structure take place. It was observed, that the changes in the heterostructures, caused by the interface m-s reactions, were observed up to a depth of 180 nm at 865°C. In the worst case, this could result in the complete removal of the two-dimensional electron gas under the metallization of the ohmic contacts. To study the influence of the annealing process parameters on the properties of the two-dimensional electron gas, the van der Pauw Hall mobility measurement was performed.
On the rotational dynamics of the rattleback
Authors: Franti Lasse
Published: December 2012

The rattleback is a very popular science toy shown to students all over the world to demonstrate the nontriviality of rotational motion. When spun on a horizontal table, this boat-shaped object behaves in a peculiar way. Although the object appears symmetric, the dynamics of its motion seem very asymmetric. When spun in the preferred direction, it spins smoothly, whereas in the other direction it starts to oscillate wildly. The oscillation soon dies out and the rattleback starts to spin in the preferred way. We will construct and go through an analytical model capable of explaining this behaviour in a simple and intelligible way. Although we aim at a semi-pedagogical treatise, we will study the details only when they are necessary to understand the calculation. After presenting the calculations we will discuss the physical validity of our assumptions and take a look at more sophisticated models requiring numerical analysis. We will then improve our model by assuming a simple friction force.
Tympanic membrane penetrating trauma with CSF leak leading to pneumococcal meningitis in an infant
Authors: Yeshayahu Yonatan , Gross Menachem , Engelhard Dan
Published: December 2012

We report the case of an eighteen-month-old child who suffered a tympanic membrane perforation caused by a digital thermometer. This injury led to a CSF leak. The patient was followed conservatively with no surgical intervention or prophylactic antibiotic therapy and developed pneumococcal meningitis 7 days later. He was then treated with Ceftriaxone for 12 days with full recovery, from a short and long term perspective. Issues concerning the management of CSF leak will be discussed along with review of the literature. This is the first report of post-traumatic meningitis as a result of mild trauma not involving maxillofacial or basilar fractures. The aim of our report is to raise awareness to this cause of meningitis and to stress the importance of immunizing against Streptococcal pneumoniae, a measure which may have prevented the sequelae in our case.
Reactivity of base catalysed hydrolysis of 2-pyridinylmethylene-8-quinolinyl-Schiff base iron(II) iodide complexes: solvent effects
Authors: Mohamad Ahmad , Adam Mohamed
Published: December 2012

Three ligands of 2-pyridinylmethylene-8-quinolinyl (L1), methyl-2-pyridinylmethylene-8-quinolinyl (L2), and phenyl-2-pyridinylmethylene-8-quinolinyl (L3), Schiff bases were synthesised by direct condensation of 8-aminoquinoline with 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 2-acetylpyridine, or 2-benzoylpyridine. They coordinated to Fe(II) ion in a 1: 2 mole ratio followed by treatment with iodide ions affording complexes with a general formula [Fe(L)2]I2·2H2O, (L = L1, L2, or L3). Spectrophotometric evaluation of the kinetics of base catalysed hydrolysis of these complex cations was carried out with an aqueous solution of NaOH in different ratios of water/methanol binary mixtures. Kinetics of the hydrolysis followed the rate law (k 2[OH−] + k 3[OH−]2)[complex]. Reactivity trends and their rate constants were compared and discussed in terms of ligand structure and solvation parameters. The methanol ratio affects the hydrolysis as a co-solvent which was analysed into initial and transition state components. The increase in the rate constant of the base hydrolysis of Fe(II) complexes, as the ratio of methanol increases, is predominantly caused by the strong effect of the organic co-solvent on the transition states.
Model predictive control-based robust stabilization of a chemical reactor
Authors: Bakošová Monika , Oravec Juraj , Matejičková Katarína
Published: December 2012

The paper addresses an approach to robust stabilization of chemical continuous stirred tank reactors. State feedback was used for the stabilization and the feedback controller was designed using the robust model-based predictive control algorithm in which the symmetric constraints on input and output variables are taken into account. The known strategy was modified by adding integral action to the controller. Parameters of robust feedback controllers with and without integral action were found as solutions of a constrained optimization problem solved on the infinite prediction horizon. The possibility to stabilize chemical reactors with uncertainty using the robust model-based predictive control has been verified by simulations and compared with the optimal linear quadratic control and the model-based predictive control. The obtained results confirm that the robust model-based predictive control provides better results than other approaches.
Veränderung von Wald und Waldleistungen in der Landschaft Davos im Zuge des Klimawandels
Authors: Bebi Peter , Teich Michaela , Hagedorn Frank , Zurbriggen Natalie , Brunner Sibyl Hanna , Grêt-Regamey Adrienne
Published: December 2012

Changes in forest cover and ecosystem services in Davos under climate change

The effects of climate change on forests of Davos were examined with field experiments near treeline, analyses of avalanche-forest interactions and with spatially explicit models for the valuation of ecosystem services. Experimental trees at the Stillberg research site showed species-specific responses to elevated CO2 and soil warming. Growth and mortality of the trees planted in the year 1975 were strongly driven by the duration of snow cover and microtopography. Together with other field studies in the region this suggests that during the next decades the treeline will rise only slowly and mainly on favorable microsites. Avalanche protection will also in future be the most important forest service in Davos, although critical weather and snow conditions for forest avalanches show a decreasing trend over the last 40 years. The density of forest structures is likely to further increase with potential positive effects on avalanche protection. Decreases of the protective effect against avalanches may however occur by an increase of natural disturbances such as fires or bark beetle outbreaks. Quantification and overlay of five selected ecosystem services (avalanche protection, recreation, CO2 sequestration and storage, habitats of capercaillie, timber production) suggest in general an increase in the value of most considered ecosystem services.
Waldausdehnung in zwei Regionen des Schweizer Berggebiets: eine integrative Analyse
Authors: Huber Robert , Bebi Peter , Briner Simon , Bugmann Harald , Buttler Alexandre , Grêt-Regamey Adrienne , Hirschi Christian , Zimmermann Willi , Rigling Andreas
Published: December 2012

Forest expansion in two Swiss mountain regions: an integrative analysis

The “Mountland” project analyzes climatic and land-use changes in mountain regions from an integrative perspective. One key interaction between the forest and agricultural sector is agricultural land abandonment and the subsequent forest expansion in mountain regions. To understand and assess this phenomenon, socioeconomic developments as well as ecological mechanisms of forest expansion must be taken into account. This article summarizes results from a simulation study of land abandonment applying the land-use model «Aluam» in two case study regions of Switzerland (Jura [VD] and Visp [VS]) which explicitly takes into account socioeconomic and ecological drivers. Two policy scenarios (“status quo” and “liberalization”) including climate change projections are presented and discussed. Results show that land abandonment and the corresponding consequences for ecosystem services provision strongly differ between scenarios and case study regions. In addition to this heterogeneity, thresholds and interactions between economic and ecological performances are important aspects in the context of land abandonment. As a consequence, policy measures that should steer against land abandonment and subsequent forest expansion have to consider local conditions. Spatial planning methods and instruments represent key elements in this process.
Between the Ice Floes: Imaging Gender, Fear and Safety in Antarctic Literature for Young Adults
Authors: Campbell Caroline
Published: December 2012

Ever since first imagined as a site of adventure, discovery and conquest, Antarctica, the southernmost continent, has continued to act as a powerful geographical metaphor for physical, mental and emotional transformation and transubstantiation. The discursive representation of its desolate, ice-bound landscape and its iconic creatures in image and text is a familiar one. The transmedial representation of the heroic explorer walking out into the white unknown in search of international fame and glory, and ultimate death, is even more a familiar. Antarctic adventure narratives for young adult readers have routinely centred on the male hero as the continent's sole mythic figure. The gendering of the ice, and society's growing concern with environmental sustainability, and the ethics of ecological ownership and resource depletion has resulted in a reframing of this gendered determinism. As a consequence this sub-genre of adventure literature is shifting to accommodate this new environmental perspective. The outcome is a strategic rearranging of heroic types and ironic critique of the passions and utopian ideals informing early narratives of Antarctic exploration and discovery.
Verbal and Visual Pageturners in Picturebooks
Authors: Gressnich Eva
Published: December 2012

When a picturebook artist decides to use a pageturner, she intentionally puts something incomplete on one spread and the missing part on the next spread, so that readers are enticed to turn the page to put the fragments together. In a corpus study, 30 picturebooks were analysed to identify different types of pageturners. The results reveal that in some books only one or a few pageturners are applied whereas other books contain recurring pageturner patterns. The most common verbal pageturners are split question – answer sequences and split sentences. Visual pageturner strategies include split depictions as well as the simulation of the page being a door or a similar object.

Pageturners are often used to increase suspense, but also serve as a didactic means. Moreover, they most likely have a great influence on the mode of the shared reading session. On the one hand, most pageturners invite the child to participate actively in the reading process. On the other hand, they may speed up the reading in making the participants move quickly from page to page.
Pinch-off mechanism in double-lateral-gate junctionless transistors fabricated by scanning probe microscope based lithography
Authors: Larki Farhad , Dehzangi Arash , Abedini Alam , Abdullah Ahmad Makarimi , Saion Elias , Hutagalung Sabar D , Hamidon Mohd N , Hassan Jumiah
Published: December 2012

A double-lateral-gate p-type junctionless transistor is fabricated on a low-doped (1015) silicon-on-insulator wafer by a lithography technique based on scanning probe microscopy and two steps of wet chemical etching. The experimental transfer characteristics are obtained and compared with the numerical characteristics of the device. The simulation results are used to investigate the pinch-off mechanism, from the flat band to the off state. The study is based on the variation of the carrier density and the electric-field components. The device is a pinch-off transistor, which is normally in the on state and is driven into the off state by the application of a positive gate voltage. We demonstrate that the depletion starts from the bottom corner of the channel facing the gates and expands toward the center and top of the channel. Redistribution of the carriers due to the electric field emanating from the gates creates an electric field perpendicular to the current, toward the bottom of the channel, which provides the electrostatic squeezing of the current.
Child Neglect: A Review for the Primary Care Pediatrician
Authors: Fong Hiu-fai , Christian Cindy W.
Published: December 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Review the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, and consequences of neglect.

2.

Provide a step-wise approach to the assessment of neglect, highlighting situations in which a report to child protective services is necessary.

3.

Describe promising strategies to help prevent child neglect.

Child neglect, the most commonly reported form of maltreatment, can significantly impact a child’s long-term development. Pediatricians must understand how to recognize and respond to neglect. This article reviews the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, and consequences of neglect. It provides a step-wise approach to the assessment of neglect, highlighting the situations in which a report to child protective services is necessary. Additionally, promising strategies for child neglect prevention are described.
A 7-Month-Old Female with Bruises
Authors: Butterfield Rebecca
Published: December 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Learn to recognize bruises caused by non-accidental trauma.

2.

Become aware of social risk factors for child physical abuse.

3.

Understand when to report instances of suspected child abuse to the state child protective services.

Case Description

A 7-month-old female presents to a pediatric clinic with her grandmother for follow-up of an emergency department visit due to rash and possible neglect. The baby had been brought to the emergency department by her grandmother (“Grandma”) the previous day, after Grandma was awarded emergency custody of the child. Grandma was concerned because the baby had been living in an apartment with nine adults and three children. Grandma had also been concerned that the baby was being neglected by her parents, who were known drug addicts who had left the child in the care of several unrelated adults.
Child Physical Abuse: The Need for an Objective Assessment
Authors: Flaherty Emalee G. , Fingarson Amanda K.
Published: December 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Identify factors that inhibit physicians from reporting child abuse when identified in the office setting.

2.

Determine indicators that provide objective support to a diagnosis of suspected physical abuse.

3.

Develop increased confidence in reliably identifying and reporting suspected child physical abuse.

Physicians may fail to recognize child abuse for a number of reasons,
1
including a lack of training and experience. Many physicians received little training during medical school or residency;
2
such training increases pediatric residents’ self-rating of competency in evaluating child maltreatment.
3
Pediatricians and pediatric residents who received child abuse education expressed more confidence in their ability to identify and manage child maltreatment
4,5
and were more likely to diagnose child maltreatment.
6
Self-Grading Effect of Inferior Oblique Recession
Authors: Yoo Jun Ho , Kim Seung-Hyun , Seo Ji Won , Paik Hae Jung , Cho Yoonae A.
Published: December 2012

Purpose:

Inferior oblique (IO) myectomy can result in self-adjustment; the greater the preoperative hyperdeviation, the larger the postoperative correction. This study estimated the effect of IO recession in primary position and in contralateral gaze.

Methods:

Records of 43 patients with IO muscle overaction associated with congenital unilateral superior oblique palsy were reviewed retrospectively. Seventeen patients who had a unilateral 10-mm recession (IO attached at 2 mm temporal and 3 mm posterior from the inferior rectus muscle insertion) and 26 patients who had a standard 14-mm recession were evaluated at 3 months postoperatively. The effect of the recession was measured by preoperative hyperdeviation minus postoperative hyperdeviation.

Results:

The average preoperative hyperdeviation was 13.4 ± 4.83 prism diopters (PD) in primary position and 16.2 ± 6.32 PD in contralateral gaze in the 10-mm group and 8.0 ± 3.48 PD in primary position and 12.76 ± 4.55 PD in contralateral gaze in the 14-mm group. The average deviation at 3 months postoperatively was 2.1 ± 3.03 in primary position and 2.6 ± 3.95 PD in contralateral gaze in the 10-mm group and 0.8 ± 1.21 in primary position and 1.8 ± 1.95 PD in contralateral gaze in the 14-mm group. The range of self-adjusting effect at 3 months postoperatively was 3 to 20 PD in primary position and 5 to 30 PD in contralateral gaze in the 10-mm group and 3 to 15 PD in primary position and 4 to 24 PD in contralateral gaze in the 14-mm group. The self-grading effect was large and displayed no significant differences at 3 months postoperatively in the 10- and 14-mm groups (
P
= .104 and .560, respectively).

Conclusion:

Both IO recession procedures were largely self-grading and no significant differences were evident at 3 months postoperatively.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50:102–105.]
Conjunctival Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia With Eosinophilia in a Child
Authors: Shevchenko Liliya , Aaberg Thomas , Grossniklaus Hans E.
Published: December 2012

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is a rare benign vascular proliferation with lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltrate. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia presents as single or multiple dome-shaped papules or plaques involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck region. Conjunctival angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is rare, with only two previous case reports.
Acute-Onset Esotropia: Should We Look Inside?
Authors: Schreuders Jennifer , Thoe Schwartzenberg G. W. S. , Bos Edmee , Versteegh Florens G. A.
Published: December 2012

The authors report a case of acute onset of comitant esotropia with diplopia in a 5-year-old boy with a diffuse pontine glioma. On first presentation, the angle of esodeviation was 30 prism diopters at distance fixation and 25 prism diopters at near fixation. Neurological symptoms appeared 10 weeks after the first visit.
Comparison of Artemis 2 Ultrasound and Visante Optical Coherence Tomography Corneal Thickness Profiles
Authors: Ursea Roxana , Feng Matthew , Urs Raksha , RoyChoudhury Arindam , Silverman Ronald H.
Published: December 2012

PURPOSE:

To compare corneal thickness profiles of cross-sections of cornea determined by arc-scanned immersion ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

METHODS:

Corneas of 28 eyes from 14 participants were scanned in triplicate using the Artemis 2 high-frequency arc-scanned ultrasound system (ArcScan Inc) and the Visante OCT system (Carl Zeiss Meditec). Corneal thickness and reproducibility were compared within 3.5 mm of central cornea in the horizontal plane.

RESULTS:

Although highly correlated, Visante central and peripheral corneal thickness values were systematically thinner than Artemis 2 values. Within the central 0.5 mm, the difference was approximately 8 μm, but the difference increased with distance from the center. Reproducibility for each instrument was comparable, measuring <4 μm centrally and increasing peripherally.

CONCLUSIONS:

Visante OCT measurements of corneal thickness are thinner than Artemis 2 ultrasound values centrally with an increasing difference with peripheral position. Measurement reproducibility was comparable for the two techniques.
From periphery to the centre: Towards repositioning churches for a meaningful contribution to public health care
Authors: Magezi Vhumani
Published: December 2012

The role of communities in health care has gained prominence in the last few years. Churches as community structures have been identified as instrumental in health-care delivery. Whilst it is widely acknowledged that churches provide important health services, particularly in countries where there are poorly-developed health sectors, the role of churches in health care is poorly understood and often overlooked. This article discusses some causes of this lacuna and makes suggestions for repositioning churches for a meaningful contribution to health care. Firstly, the article provides a context by reviewing literature on the church and health care. Secondly, it clarifies the nature of interventions and the competencies of churches. Thirdly, it discusses the operational meaning of church and churches for assessing health-care contributions. Fourthly, it explores the health-care models that are discerned in church and health-care literature. Fifthly, it discusses the contribution of churches within a multidisciplinary health team. Sixthly, it proposes an appropriate motivation that should drive churches to be involved in health care and the ecclesiological design that underpins such health care interventions.
On the links between mathematics education and democracy: A literature review
Authors: Aguilar Mario Sánchez , Zavaleta Juan Gabriel Molina
Published: December 2012

This article reports the results of a literature review focused on identifying the links between mathematics education and democracy. The review is based on the analysis of a collection of manuscripts produced in different regions of the world. The analysis of these articles focuses on six aspects, namely, (1) definitions of democracy used in these texts, (2) identified links between mathematics education and democracy, (3) suggested strategies to foster a democratic competence in mathematics students (4) tensions and difficulties inherent in mathematical education for democracy, (5) the fundamental role of the teacher in the implementation of democratic education and (6) selected criticisms of mathematical education for democracy. The main contributions of this article are to provide the reader with an overview of the literature related to mathematics education and democracy, and to highlight some of the theoretical and empirical topics that are necessary to further development within this research area.
Heat Kernels and Green Functions on Metric Measure Spaces
Authors: Grigor'yan Alexander , Hu Jiaxin
Published: December 2012

We prove that, in a setting of local Dirichlet forms on metric measure spaces, a two-sided sub-Gaussian estimate of the heat kernel is equivalent to the conjunction of the volume doubling property, the elliptic Harnack inequality, and a certain estimate of the capacity between concentric balls. The main technical tool is the equivalence between the capacity estimate and the estimate of a mean exit time in a ball that uses two-sided estimates of a Green function in a ball.
Educação e desenvolvimento: modos de regulação dos sistemas educacionais
Authors: Ribeiro Teixeira Duarte Marisa
Published: December 2012

Na atualidade, o debate em torno do desenvolvimento brasileiro é adjetivado como qualificativo de “social” em diversos documentos. Este artigo, mediante a análisede conteúdo de obras clássicas de Sociologia Educacional no País, estuda como searticulou o binômio “educação e desenvolvimento”. A pesquisa, após sintetizar asproposições sociológicas dos períodos anteriores, analisa três aspectos sobre Educaçãoe Desenvolvimento, presentes no documento final da Conferência Nacional deEducação – CONAE, realizada no Brasil em 2010. Participaram da Conferênciaaproximadamente 5.000 educadores de diferentes regiões do País, sob a coordenaçãodo Ministério da Educação. E seu documento final apresenta proposições para aelaboração da Lei que aprova o Plano Nacional de Educação. O diagnóstico sobreo desenvolvimento do País constante no documento final da CONAE, e as funçõesatribuídas às instituições educacionais e aos modos de planejamento subjacentessão analisados à luz da sociologia das regulações sociais. O estudo conclui expondovertentes analíticas esquecidas no documento da Conferência e orientador do PlanoNacional da Educação.
‘If you Had Balls, You'd be One of Us!’ Doing Gendered Research: Methodological Reflections on Being a Female Academic Researcher in the Hyper-Masculine Subculture of ‘Football Hooliganism’
Authors: Poulton Emma
Published: December 2012

This article reflects upon being a female academic researcher in the hyper-masculine subculture of ‘football hooliganism’. With this subculture being a male-dominated field of study, the article argues that gender blindness has prevailed in most studies conducted by male researchers, with a failure to consider the positioning, practices and performances of the gendered self in the gendered field. Nor has this been a consideration of the rare female researcher working on the phenomenon. This article breaks this gendered silence by drawing on my own fieldwork experiences with (‘retired’) football hooligans to identify the methodological challenges specifically (re)negotiated as a female academic throughout the gendered research process and offers some strategies and field tips to future researchers faced with gendered incongruence with their informers. The key concerns for me were: first, gaining access to a hyper-masculine subculture; second, entering and developing rapport within the subculture; and third, ‘doing gendered research’ in the hyper-masculine field. Central to negotiating these challenges was a very conscious and performative presentation of self, often for self-preservation, during the research process. In practice, this sometimes required demonstrating that I had the (metaphorical) ‘balls’ in terms of my (gendered) image management. The article argues for consideration of the performativity of social research with a need for wider disclosure of the complexities and ‘messiness’ of qualitative research practices and the emotional labour required.
Doing Identity with Style: Service Interaction, Work Practices and the Construction of ‘Expert’ Status in the Contemporary Hair Salon
Authors: Yeadon-Lee Tracey
Published: December 2012

This paper contributes to a growing body of scholarship concerned with hairstyling as an occupation and, more broadly, to sociological discussions concerning contemporary forms of service work. As an occupation hairstyling is largely under-researched, with the majority of existing studies restricting their focus to small low-profile salons situated in the ‘backstreets’ of rural areas or small towns. Hairstyling in larger high-profile salons, such as those in city centres, has only recently begun to be explored and critical discussion of existing knowledge in light of these environments has yet to be fully developed. The aim of this paper is to stimulate such discussion by examining how the work practices and service interactions of hair stylists in high-profile salons within the UK impact upon their status and identities in relation to clients. Research undertaken in low-profile salon settings has found that the service-oriented and commercial features of the work position stylists as subservient to clients and undermines their ‘expert’ status. Drawing on empirical qualitative research this paper shows how in contemporary high-profile salon environments, which need to manage a tension between the high cost of the service being provided and a poor ‘low-skilled’ occupational reputation, stylist-client dynamics are differently configured. It highlights how service orientated norms and practices underpinning the work of stylists are informed by discourses of customer service ‘excellence’ which promote employee proactivity and discourage customer deference. Discussion of the data shows how stylists working in high-profile salons are empowered to be directive in their service interactions with clients and engage in range of work practices which facilitate, rather than undermine, the establishment of their expert status. The relevance of the research findings to understandings of status and identity construction in service work jobs within similar high-profile settings is also highlighted in the paper.
The Case of Cooperstown, New York: The Makings of a Perfect Village in an Urbanising World
Authors: Fulkerson Gregory , Seale Elizabeth
Published: December 2012

In this paper we examine the question of how rural communities adapt to global processes of urbanisation and economic restructuring. We do this through a visual and historical case study analysis of Cooperstown, New York. This location is selected because it is a self-proclaimed ‘perfect village’ and by many counts a successful tourist destination. The impact on this community is examined using theoretical concepts that include urbanormativity, rural representations, rural simulacra, and the community capitals framework. We conclude that rural communities may risk sacrificing local qualities in order to appeal to externally imposed urban expectations for a rural experience.
Accounting for Personal Overindebtedness: Debtors’ Accounts in Applications for Debt Relief at the Swedish Enforcement Authority
Authors: Larsson Bengt , Jacobsson Bengt
Published: December 2012

This paper aims to describe and understand the accounts given in applications for debt relief/adjustment in relation to the ‘question situation’ that overindebted person stand before in their encounters with Swedish authorities. The analysis is based on the sociology of accounts and is made against the background of previous research on overindebtedness in the Nordic countries. The paper shows that the accounts given by debtors include examples of ‘refusals’ and ‘denials’, but mainly comprise narratives and accounts centred around giving ‘justifications’ and ‘excuses’ focusing on external circumstances (illness, unemployment, divorce, bankruptcy), helplessness, or a lack of knowledge or intent (others causing the debt, or problems of addiction). The applications also contain some ‘concessions’, ‘pledges’ and ‘appeals’ by which the debtors try to show that they are improving in taking economic responsibility and deserve debt relief. The analysis thereby shows which accounts are considered legitimate, but also that the framing cues defining and delimiting the question situation are too weak to produce uniform forms of accounting. Many applicants for debt relief respond to a wide definition of the question situation - one that relates to self-image and social identity.
Gender Relations among Indian Couples in the UK and India: Ideals of Equality and Realities of Inequality
Authors: Twamley Katherine
Published: December 2012

This paper explores young heterosexual Indian Gujaratis’ ideals and experiences of intimate relationships in the UK and India, focusing particularly on gender relations. Men and women in both contexts had similar aspirations of intimacy, but women were likely to be more in favour of egalitarian values. What this meant was interpreted differently in India and the UK. In neither setting, however, was gender equality fully realised in the lives of the participants due to both structural and normative constraints. Despite this gap between ideals and experiences, participants portrayed their relationships as broadly equal and conjugal. It appears that the heavy emphasis on love and intimacy is making it difficult for women to negotiate a more egalitarian relationship with their partner, since any ‘flaw’ in the relationship potentially brings into question its loving foundations. In this way, women tend to ignore or justify the gendered roles and inequalities apparent in their relationships and paint a picture of blissful marital equality despite evidence to the contrary.
Drinking with and without Fun: Female students’ accounts of pre-drinking and club-drinking
Authors: Bancroft Angus
Published: December 2012

Pre-drinking, also known as pre-partying, pre-gaming, and front- or pre-loading, is the intensive pair or group consumption of alcohol in a private home prior to going out for the night, with the intention of ensuring maximum levels of intoxication. It has emerged as a distinct component of heavy drinking practice among young adults approximately between the ages of 18-25. This paper examines reflective accounts of female students’ pre-drinking and club-drinking. It explores the experience of pre-drinking in the context of the overall drinking sequence undertaken throughout the evening in and the night out. It finds that pre-drinking has a specific purpose for young women in managing risk, as well as ensuring a shared level of intoxication in preparation for entry into public drinking spaces. Their accounts illustrate the performative nature of intoxication. Pre-drinking is highly directed, bounded, and ritualised. It was frequently, though not always, recounted as lacking in pleasure for these reasons. It was associated with preparation for entry to a particular kind of superpub or nightclub especially, where the emphasis was on further rapid alcohol consumption. Accounts of continued drinking in the nightclubs were dualistic, emphasising pleasure and disgust, along with risk and vulnerability. Risk was experienced as individualised, and the women had shared responsibility for guarding against risk from unsafe others in the nightclub environment. This coding of risk is supported by public health messages targeted at women drinkers and by the more general societal and drinks industry promoted representation of alcohol consumption as normal and abstinence as deviant, which students were critical of. One attraction of pre-drinking for female students was as a way of protecting and supporting female agency in conditions of generalised, individualised vulnerability.