bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valuable Experience: How University Internships Affect Graduates’ Income
Authors: Bolli Thomas , Caves Katherine , Oswald-Egg Maria Esther
Published: May 2021

This paper analyzes whether and how attending an internship during tertiary education affects income. We address endogeneity with an IV approach that exploits information regarding whether the internship was a mandatory component of the study. We further address selection into programs with mandatory internship by using the share of mandatory internships at the closest university, exploiting the low mobility of Swiss students. The results show that internships increase graduates’ incomes. We explore potential mechanisms for the effect of internships on income, finding that general human capital is the main mechanism rather than firm- or field-specific human capital, signaling, or screening. These results indicate that students should continue to invest in internships and that mandatory internships have a place in university curricula because they improve the quality of education.
ICODE: the international COVID-19 thrombosis biomarkers colloquium—novel soluble biomarkers: circulating cell-free nucleic acids and other molecules
Authors: Krauel Krystin , Duerschmied Daniel
Published: May 2021

This article summarizes the evidence derived from clinical (observational) studies describing novel soluble biomarkers in COVID-19. Our goal was to stimulate further research (preclinical as well as clinical studies) and therefore we discuss potential prognostic value, but also technical details, such as sample preparation. A table provides an overview of the described biomarkers measured in plasma, serum or other (namely bronchoalveolar) fluids.
Nickel Catalysts for C1 Reactions: Recollections from a Career in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Ross Julian R. H.
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a brief review of some research projects carried out in the author’s laboratories over a number of years. The work reported concerns the use of nickel-containing catalysts for a range of C1 reactions: the steam reforming of methane, the methanation of CO, the oxidative coupling of methane and the dry reforming of methane. A number of novel catalysts have been developed in the course of this work, mostly in collaborative projects with industrial organisations, and some of the background to this work is discussed. The paper emphasises the importance in work of the type described of the establishment of contacts between the academic laboratory and industrial researchers such as Mike Spencer.
Analyse ergonomischer Arbeitsplatzmerkmale in Coworking Spaces
Authors: Robelski Swantje , de Jong Joshua , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie
Published: May 2021

Hintergrund

Durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung haben sich neue Arbeitsformen wie Coworking Spaces in der Arbeitswelt etabliert. In der Regel bieten die Betreibenden von Coworking Spaces eine Arbeitsinfrastruktur mit Räumen, Möbeln und Technik an, bei der sich eine hohe Bandbreite an Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten findet.

Fragestellung

Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Möglichkeiten der ergonomischen Arbeitsplatzgestaltung in Coworking Spaces vorliegen und inwieweit diese einen Zusammenhang zur Zufriedenheit mit dem Arbeiten im Coworking Space und dem selbsteingeschätzten Gesundheitszustand aufweisen.

Material und Methoden

Im Rahmen der explorativen Studie wurden 112 Coworking-Space-Nutzende (männlich = 61,6 %, weiblich = 38,4 %) mit einem quantitativen Online-Fragebogen befragt.

Ergebnisse

Es zeigt sich, dass 38 % der Arbeitsplätze mindestens fünf von sechs zuvor definierten Merkmalen eines ergonomischen Arbeitsplatzes erfüllen. Der Geräuschpegel wird von 45 % der Befragten als (teils) zu hoch empfunden. Für den empfundenen Geräuschpegel lassen sich signifikante Zusammenhänge mit der subjektiv erlebten Zufriedenheit und Gesundheit finden.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse weisen auf Verbesserungspotenziale bezüglich ergonomischer Arbeitsbedingungen hin. Weiterführende Forschung zu Arbeitsbedingungen in Coworking Spaces zur Verstetigung der Ergebnisse ist notwendig.
Mapping the Global-Scale Maize Drought Risk Under Climate Change Based on the GEPIC-Vulnerability-Risk Model
Authors: Yin Yuanyuan , Gao Yuan , Lin Degen , Wang Lei , Ma Weidong , Wang Jing’ai
Published: May 2021

Drought is projected to become more frequent and increasingly severe under climate change in many agriculturally important areas. However, few studies have assessed and mapped the future global crop drought risk—defined as the occurrence probability and likelihood of yield losses from drought—at high resolution. With support of the GEPIC-Vulnerability-Risk model, we propose an analytical framework to quantify and map the future global-scale maize drought risk at a 0.5° resolution. In this framework, the model can be calibrated and validated using datasets from in situ observations (for example, yield statistics, losses caused by drought) and the literature. Water stress and drought risk under climate change can then be simulated. To evaluate the applicability of the framework, a global-scale assessment of maize drought risk under 1.5 °C warming was conducted. At 1.5 °C warming, the maize drought risk is projected to be regionally variable (high in the midlatitudes and low in the tropics and subtropics), with only a minor negative (− 0.93%) impact on global maize yield. The results are consistent with previous studies of drought impacts on maize yield of major agricultural countries around the world. Therefore, the framework can act as a practical tool for global-scale, future-oriented crop drought risk assessment, and the results provide theoretical support for adaptive planning strategies for drought.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Subcutaneous Panniculitis-like T-cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Alsomali Dunya Yunus , Bakshi Nasir , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed , El Fakih Riad , Aljurf Mahmoud
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

The aim of this systematic review is to investigate different diagnostic methods and the available treatment options for subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL).

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and CINAHL Plus for published case reports of SPTCL. From each record, we extracted data of the diagnostic methods, immunohistochemical profile, clinical characteristics, and the treatment approaches provided. Data were summarized and narratively synthesized to highlight the various diagnostic methods and treatment options of SPTCL.

Results:

Our literature search yielded 1293 unique citations. Following screening, nine articles reporting a total of 15 cases were included in this systematic review. All patients presented with subcutaneous nodules. Three of the 15 cases were initially misdiagnosed. The atypical lymphoid cells were positive for CD2, CD3, granzyme B, and TIA-1 and negative for CD1a, EBER, and CD20 in all the reported cases. The atypical lymphoid cells were positive for CD45RO in four out of seven cases, positive for CD56 in three out of 12 cases tested, while positive for CD5 and CD8 in the majority of cases. Therapy ranged from topical agents to immunosuppressive agents all the way to multiagent chemotherapy.

Conclusion:

SPTCL is a rare lymphoma. Diagnosis is highly dependent on the immunohistochemical stains added to histopathologic and radiologic findings. Therapy is dependent on the pace of the disease, with encouraging results obtained with single-agent cyclosporine.
Siliceous subglacial deposits: archives of subglacial processes during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Siman-Tov Shalev , Blackburn Terrence , Hallet Bernard , Coble Matthew A. , Brodsky Emily E.
Published: May 2021

We report detailed chemical and isotopic data from a subglacial siliceous deposit on andesitic bedrock recently exposed by glacier retreat. Whereas a single, <1 μm, Si-rich layer covers the highly polished bedrock on the up-glacier (stoss) surfaces, distinct, lithified deposits commonly occur at the lee of small bedrock protuberances, on a scale <0.1 meter. The deposit is millimeters in thickness and consists of laminae tens to hundreds microns thick that differ from one another in color, rock-fragment abundance and chemical composition. Ca-rich laminae that are sufficiently enriched in uranium (~2–50 ppm) to permit U-series isotopic analysis suggest that the subglacial deposit formed 10–20 ka, much earlier than previously assumed. We conclude that (1) the siliceous deposit persisted for at least 10 000 years despite the intervening erosion and weathering, (2) distinct episodes of formation due to significant changes in hydrology and water chemistry are recorded in the deposit, and (3) a siliceous slurry may have existed at the ice-rock interface and influenced the local friction. This work reinforces earlier findings that subglacial chemical deposits can form and persist on geologic time scales and may have implications for the role of the cryosphere in the Earth's geochemical cycles and climate system.
Cerebellar projections to the macaque midbrain tegmentum: Possible near response connections
Authors: Bohlen Martin O. , Gamlin Paul D. , Warren Susan , May Paul J.
Published: May 2021

Since most gaze shifts are to targets that lie at a different distance from the viewer than the current target, gaze changes commonly require a change in the angle between the eyes. As part of this response, lens curvature must also be adjusted with respect to target distance by the ciliary muscle. It has been suggested that projections by the cerebellar fastigial and posterior interposed nuclei to the supraoculomotor area (SOA), which lies immediately dorsal to the oculomotor nucleus and contains near response neurons, support this behavior. However, the SOA also contains motoneurons that supply multiply innervated muscle fibers (MIFs) and the dendrites of levator palpebrae superioris motoneurons. To better determine the targets of the fastigial nucleus in the SOA, we placed an anterograde tracer into this cerebellar nucleus in Macaca fascicularis monkeys and a retrograde tracer into their contralateral medial rectus, superior rectus, and levator palpebrae muscles. We only observed close associations between anterogradely labeled boutons and the dendrites of medial rectus MIF and levator palpebrae motoneurons. However, relatively few of these associations were present, suggesting these are not the main cerebellar targets. In contrast, labeled boutons in SOA, and in the adjacent central mesencephalic reticular formation (cMRF), densely innervated a subpopulation of neurons. Based on their location, these cells may represent premotor near response neurons that supply medial rectus and preganglionic Edinger–Westphal motoneurons. We also identified lens accommodation-related cerebellar afferent neurons via retrograde trans-synaptic transport of the N2c rabies virus from the ciliary muscle. They were found bilaterally in the fastigial and posterior interposed nuclei, in a distribution which mirrored that of neurons retrogradely labeled from the SOA and cMRF. Our results suggest these cerebellar neurons coordinate elements of the near response during symmetric vergence and disjunctive saccades by targeting cMRF and SOA premotor neurons.
Regional financial disparity in India: can it be measured?
Authors: Arora Rashmi U. , Anand P. B.
Published: May 2021

In this study, we examine disparities in financial development at the regional level in India. The major research questions of the study are: how do we measure the level of financial development at the sub-national level? How unequal is financial development across the states? Does it vary by ownership of financial institutions? To explore these research questions, our study develops a composite banking development index at the sub-national level for three different bank groups – public, private and foreign for 25 Indian states covering 1996–2015. Our findings suggest that despite reforms, banking development is significantly higher in the leading high income and more developed regions compared to lagging ones. Furthermore, we find that all bank groups including public banks are concentrated more in the developed regions. Overall, over the years the position of top three and bottom three states in the aggregate banking index have remained unchanged reflecting lop-sidedness of regional development. We also note improvement in the ranking of some north-eastern states during the period 2009–15.
GRK3 deficiency elicits brain immune activation and psychosis
Authors: Sellgren Carl M. , Imbeault Sophie , Larsson Markus K. , Oliveros Alfredo , Nilsson Ida A. K. , Codeluppi Simone , Orhan Funda , Bhat Maria , Tufvesson-Alm Maximilian , Gracias Jessica , Kegel Magdalena E. , Zheng Yiran , Faka Anthi , Svedberg Marie , Powell Susan B. , Caldwell Sorana , Kamenski Mary E. , Vawter Marquis P. , Schulmann Anton , Goiny Michel , Svensson Camilla I. , Hökfelt Tomas , Schalling Martin , Schwieler Lilly , Cervenka Simon , Choi Doo-Sup , Landén Mikael , Engberg Göran , Erhardt Sophie
Published: May 2021

The G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family member protein GRK3 has been linked to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Expression, as well as protein levels, of GRK3 are reduced in post-mortem prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects. Here, we investigate functional behavior and neurotransmission related to immune activation and psychosis using mice lacking functional Grk3 and utilizing a variety of methods, including behavioral, biochemical, electrophysiological, molecular, and imaging methods. Compared to wildtype controls, the Grk3−/− mice show a number of aberrations linked to psychosis, including elevated brain levels of IL-1β, increased turnover of kynurenic acid (KYNA), hyper-responsiveness to D-amphetamine, elevated spontaneous firing of midbrain dopamine neurons, and disruption in prepulse inhibition. Analyzing human genetic data, we observe a link between psychotic features in bipolar disorder, decreased GRK expression, and increased concentration of CSF KYNA. Taken together, our data suggest that Grk3−/− mice show face and construct validity relating to the psychosis phenotype with glial activation and would be suitable for translational studies of novel immunomodulatory agents in psychotic disorders.
The extracellular-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) enhances metastatic burden in triple-negative breast cancer through focal adhesion protein kinase (FAK)-mediated regulation of cell adhesion
Authors: Xu Qiuping , Zhang Jingwei , Telfer Brian A. , Zhang Hao , Ali Nisha , Chen Fuhui , Risa Blanca , Pearson Adam J. , Zhang Wei , Finegan Katherine G. , Ucar Ahmet , Giurisato Emanuele , Tournier Cathy
Published: May 2021

There is overwhelming clinical evidence that the extracellular-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5) is significantly dysregulated in human breast cancer. However, there is no definite understanding of the requirement of ERK5 in tumor growth and metastasis due to very limited characterization of the pathway in disease models. In this study, we report that a high level of ERK5 is a predictive marker of metastatic breast cancer. Mechanistically, our in vitro data revealed that ERK5 was critical for maintaining the invasive capability of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells through focal adhesion protein kinase (FAK) activation. Specifically, we found that phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr397 was controlled by a kinase-independent function of ERK5. Accordingly, silencing ERK5 in mammary tumor grafts impaired FAK phosphorylation at Tyr397 and suppressed TNBC cell metastasis to the lung without preventing tumor growth. Collectively, these results establish a functional relationship between ERK5 and FAK signaling in promoting malignancy. Thus, targeting the oncogenic ERK5-FAK axis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer exhibiting aggressive clinical behavior.
Cinnamaldehyde induces autophagy-mediated cell death through ER stress and epigenetic modification in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Kim Tae Woo
Published: May 2021

Previous reports suggested that cinnamaldehyde (CA), the bioactive ingredient in Cinnamomum cassia, can suppress tumor growth, migratory, and invasive abilities. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of CA in GC are not completely understood. In the present study, we found that CA-induced ER stress and cell death via the PERK–CHOP axis and Ca2+ release in GC cells. Inhibition of ER stress using specific–siRNA blocked CA-induced cell death. Interestingly, CA treatment resulted in autophagic cell death by inducing Beclin-1, ATG5, and LC3B expression and by inhibiting p62 expression whereas autophagy inhibition suppressed CA-induced cell death. We showed that CA induces the inhibition of G9a and the activation of LC3B. Moreover, CA inhibited G9a binding on Beclin-1 and LC3B promoter. Overall, these results suggested that CA regulates the PERK–CHOP signaling, and G9a inhibition activates autophagic cell death via ER stress in GC cells.
Ubiquitous atmospheric production of organic acids mediated by cloud droplets
Authors: Franco B. , Blumenstock T. , Cho C. , Clarisse L. , Clerbaux C. , Coheur P.-F. , De Mazière M. , De Smedt I. , Dorn H.-P. , Emmerichs T. , Fuchs H. , Gkatzelis G. , Griffith D. W. T. , Gromov S. , Hannigan J. W. , Hase F. , Hohaus T. , Jones N. , Kerkweg A. , Kiendler-Scharr A. , Lutsch E. , Mahieu E. , Novelli A. , Ortega I. , Paton-Walsh C. , Pommier M. , Pozzer A. , Reimer D. , Rosanka S. , Sander R. , Schneider M. , Strong K. , Tillmann R. , Van Roozendael M. , Vereecken L. , Vigouroux C. , Wahner A. , Taraborrelli D.
Published: May 2021

Atmospheric acidity is increasingly determined by carbon dioxide and organic acids1–3. Among the latter, formic acid facilitates the nucleation of cloud droplets4 and contributes to the acidity of clouds and rainwater1,5. At present, chemistry–climate models greatly underestimate the atmospheric burden of formic acid, because key processes related to its sources and sinks remain poorly understood2,6–9. Here we present atmospheric chamber experiments that show that formaldehyde is efficiently converted to gaseous formic acid via a multiphase pathway that involves its hydrated form, methanediol. In warm cloud droplets, methanediol undergoes fast outgassing but slow dehydration. Using a chemistry–climate model, we estimate that the gas-phase oxidation of methanediol produces up to four times more formic acid than all other known chemical sources combined. Our findings reconcile model predictions and measurements of formic acid abundance. The additional formic acid burden increases atmospheric acidity by reducing the pH of clouds and rainwater by up to 0.3. The diol mechanism presented here probably applies to other aldehydes and may help to explain the high atmospheric levels of other organic acids that affect aerosol growth and cloud evolution.
Structure and dynamics of a mycobacterial type VII secretion system
Authors: Bunduc Catalin M. , Fahrenkamp Dirk , Wald Jiri , Ummels Roy , Bitter Wilbert , Houben Edith N. G. , Marlovits Thomas C.
Published: May 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of one of the most important infectious diseases in humans, which leads to 1.4 million deaths every year1. Specialized protein transport systems—known as type VII secretion systems (T7SSs)—are central to the virulence of this pathogen, and are also crucial for nutrient and metabolite transport across the mycobacterial cell envelope2,3. Here we present the structure of an intact T7SS inner-membrane complex of M. tuberculosis. We show how the 2.32-MDa ESX-5 assembly, which contains 165 transmembrane helices, is restructured and stabilized as a trimer of dimers by the MycP5 protease. A trimer of MycP5 caps a central periplasmic dome-like chamber that is formed by three EccB5 dimers, with the proteolytic sites of MycP5 facing towards the cavity. This chamber suggests a central secretion and processing conduit. Complexes without MycP5 show disruption of the EccB5 periplasmic assembly and increased flexibility, which highlights the importance of MycP5 for complex integrity. Beneath the EccB5–MycP5 chamber, dimers of the EccC5 ATPase assemble into three bundles of four transmembrane helices each, which together seal the potential central secretion channel. Individual cytoplasmic EccC5 domains adopt two distinctive conformations that probably reflect different secretion states. Our work suggests a previously undescribed mechanism of protein transport and provides a structural scaffold to aid in the development of drugs against this major human pathogen.
Human monocyte-derived type 1 and 2 macrophages recognize Ara h 1, a major peanut allergen, by different mechanisms
Authors: Krause Maren , Crauwels Peter , Blanco-Pérez Frank , Globisch Martin , Wangorsch Andrea , Henle Thomas , Lidholm Jonas , van Zandbergen Ger , Vieths Stefan , Scheurer Stephan , Toda Masako
Published: May 2021

Evidence has suggested that major peanut allergen Ara h 1 activates dendritic cells (DCs) via interaction with DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin), a C-type lectin receptor, and contributes to development of peanut allergy. Since macrophages, as well as DCs, play a crucial role in innate immunity, we investigated whether natural Ara h 1 (nAra h 1) activates two different subsets of macrophages, human monocyte derived macrophage type 1 (hMDM1: pro-inflammatory model) and type 2 (hMDM2: anti-inflammatory model). hMDM1 and hMDM2 predominantly produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in response to nAra h 1, respectively. hMDM2 took up nAra h 1 and expressed DC-SIGN at higher levels than hMDM1. However, small interfering RNA knockdown of DC-SIGN did not suppress nAra h 1 uptake and nAra h 1-mediated cytokine production in hMDM2. Inhibitors of scavenger receptor class A type I (SR-AI) suppressed the response of hMDM2, but not of hMDM1, suggesting that SR-AI is a major receptor in hMDM2 for nAra h 1 recognition and internalization. nAra h 1 appears to exert stimulatory capacity on DC and macrophages via different receptors. This study advances our understanding how a major peanut allergen interacts with innate immunity.
The force effects of two types of polyethylene terephthalate glyc-olmodified clear aligners immersed in artificial saliva
Authors: Xiang Biao , Wang Xingxing , Wu Gang , Xu Yichen , Wang Menghan , Yang Yanjing , Wang Qingyu
Published: May 2021

Numerous factors can influence the force exerted by clear aligners on teeth. This study aimed to investigate the stability of the force delivered by two different material appliances. 90 clear aligners with 2 materials and three different activations were designed and fabricated. Then, a device was employed to measure the force generated by the two types of PET-G material appliances immersed in artificial saliva for 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 days. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to observe the morphologic alterations on the aligner surfaces, respectively. The forces generated by different activation appliance exhibited differently, 0.0 mm < 0.1 mm < 0.2 mm. In addition, increasing the immersion times and the orthodontic force also decreased, but the forces decreased differently. Compared with the forces of conventional PETG appliances with 0.20 mm activation, the modified PETG appliances with the same activation exhibited significantly higher mean force. When comparing the mean force for modified PETG appliances after 10 and 14 days with conventional PETG appliances, the delivery forces exhibited significant differences (P < 0.05). The force delivered by both materials decreased obviously following artificial saliva immersion, and the force generated by modified aligners exhibited better stability than conventional aligners.
A finger-jointing model for describing ultrastructures of cellulose microfibrils
Authors: Fugetsu Bunshi , Adavan Kiliyankil Vipin , Takiguchi Shoichi , Sakata Ichiro , Endo Morinobu
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we propose a finger-jointing model to describe the possible ultrastructures of cellulose microfibrils based on new observations obtained through heating of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in saturated water vapor. We heated the micrometers-long TEMPO-CNFs in saturated water vapor (≥ 120 °C, ≥ 0.2 MPa) and observed a surprising fact that the long TEMPO-CNFs unzipped into short (100 s of nanometers long) fibers. We characterized the heated TEMPO-CNFs using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and observed the XRD patterns were in consistent with Iβ. We observed also jointed ultrastructures on the heated TEMPO-CNFs via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Thus we concluded that cellulose microfibrils are not seamlessly long structures, but serial jointed structures of shorter blocks. Polysaccharide chains of the short blocks organized in Iβ. The jointed region can be either Iα or amorphous, depending on positions and distances among the chains jointed in proximity. Under heating, Iα was not converted into Iβ but was simply destroyed. The jointed structure implies a “working and resting rhythm” in the biosynthesis of cellulose.
Modelling Singapore COVID-19 pandemic with a SEIR multiplex network model
Authors: Chung N. N. , Chew L. Y.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we have implemented a large-scale agent-based model to study the outbreak of coronavirus infectious diseases (COVID-19) in Singapore, taking into account complex human interaction pattern. In particular, the concept of multiplex network is utilized to differentiate between social interactions that happen in households and workplaces. In addition, weak interactions among crowds, transient interactions within social gatherings, and dense human contact between foreign workers in dormitories are also taken into consideration. Such a categorization in terms of a multiplex of social network connections together with the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) epidemic model have enabled a more precise study of the feasibility and efficacy of control measures such as social distancing, work from home, and lockdown, at different moments and stages of the pandemics. Using this model, we study an epidemic outbreak that occurs within densely populated residential areas in Singapore. Our simulations show that residents in densely populated areas could be infected easily, even though they constitute a very small fraction of the whole population. Once infection begins in these areas, disease spreading is uncontrollable if appropriate control measures are not implemented.
Groundwater extraction-induced seismicity around Delhi region, India
Authors: Tiwari Deepak K. , Jha Birendra , Kundu Bhaskar , Gahalaut Vineet K. , Vissa Naresh K.
Published: May 2021

The non-tectonic deformation, either of natural or anthropogenic origin, may influence the earthquake occurrence process and seismicity rate along the plate-boundary or ‘stable’ plate-interiors domains. The low magnitude but moderate seismicity rate of Delhi region on the stable plate-interiors domains of India, exhibits significant variation both in short-term at annual seasonal scale and in long-term at decadal scale. It correlates with the anthropogenic groundwater pumping for the extensive irrigation, urban activities, and seasonally controlled hydrological loading cycle of Indo-Ganga Basin hosted freshwater aquifers. Our coupled hydro-mechanical simulation and poro-mechanical analysis of basement fault stability suggest that the combined aquifer contraction and basement rock expansion act together to modulate the effective stress regime and anthropogenic seismicity on the basement faults in Delhi region.
EEG theta responses induced by emoji semantic violations
Authors: Tang Mengmeng , Zhao Xiufeng , Chen Bingfei , Zhao Lun
Published: May 2021

This study investigated emoji semantic processing by measuring changes in event-related electroencephalogram (EEG) power. The last segment of experimental sentences was designed as either words or emojis consistent or inconsistent with the sentential context. The results showed that incongruent emojis led to a conspicuous increase of theta power (4–7 Hz), while incongruent words induced a decrease. Furthermore, the theta power increase was observed at midfrontal, occipital and bilateral temporal lobes with emojis. This suggests a higher working memory load for monitoring errors, difficulty of form recognition and concept retrieval in emoji semantic processing. It implies different neuro-cognitive processes involved in the semantic processing of emojis and words.
The favorable routes for the hydrolysis of CH2OO with (H2O)n (n = 1–4) investigated by global minimum searching combined with quantum chemical methods
Authors: Wang Rui , Wen Mingjie , Liu Shuai , Lu Yousong , Makroni Lily , Muthiah Balaganesh , Zhang Tianlei , Wang Zhiyin , Wang Zhuqing
Published: May 2021

The hydrolysis reaction of CH2OO with water and water clusters is believed to be a dominant sink for the CH2OO intermediate in the atmosphere.
Design of molecular water oxidation catalysts with earth-abundant metal ions
Authors: Kondo Mio , Tatewaki Hayato , Masaoka Shigeyuki
Published: May 2021

Guiding principle to design earth-abundant water oxidation catalysts.
Activation of palindromes on a degradable modular grafting probe enables ultrasensitive detection of microRNAs
Authors: Xu Jianguo , Li Zhi , Li Yumei , Lu Yusheng , Wang Jie
Published: May 2021

This work describes a single-stranded degradable modular grafting probe for analyzing microRNA-21.
High-temperature electron transfer coupled spin transition (ETCST) with hysteresis in a discrete [Fe2Co2] Prussian blue analogue
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Mondal Dibya Jyoti , Konar Sanjit
Published: May 2021

A thermoresponsive Fe–Co based discrete Prussian blue analogue (PBA) with the general formula [Fe(Tp)(CN)3]2[Co{en(Bn)py}]2(ClO4)2·4MeOH·4H2O i.e. [1·4MeOH·4H2O] is reported, which discloses a sharp and high temperature ETCST along with a wide hysteresis of 10 K observed for its desolvated complex 1.
Wearable triboelectric nanogenerators for heart rate monitoring
Authors: Shen Sophia , Xiao Xiao , Xiao Xiao , Chen Jun
Published: May 2021

Triboelectric nanogenerator emerges as a cost-effective biotechnology that could convert the subtle skin deformation caused by arterial pressure fluctuation into high voltage output, creating electrical signals with an extremely high signal-to-noise ratio for high-fidelity continuous pulse waveform monitoring.
Pd(ii)-Catalyzed alkyne annulation through allylic isomerization: synthesis of spiro-cyclopentadiene pyrazolones
Authors: Changmai Sumi , Sultana Sabera , Sarma Bipul , Gogoi Sanjib
Published: May 2021

Alkyne annulation reaction proceeds via C(sp2)–H/C(sp3)–H activation and allylic isomerization is described.
Tuning the structural skeleton of a phenanthroline-based covalent organic framework for better electrochemical performance as a cathode material for Zn-ion batteries: a theoretical exploration
Authors: Ball Biswajit , Sarkar Pranab
Published: May 2021

Rechargeable zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have received significant attention from the scientific community as an alternative to lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage systems owing to their high safety and low cost.
Consecutive methane activation mediated by single metal boride cluster anions NbB4−
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Ming , Ding Yong-Qi , Zhao Chong-Yang , Ma Jia-Bi
Published: May 2021

Gas-phase single metal boride cluster NbB4− anions activate eight C–H bonds in two methane molecules at room temperature.
Cobalt nanoclusters coated with N-doped carbon for chemoselective nitroarene hydrogenation and tandem reactions in water
Authors: Gutiérrez-Tarriño Silvia , Rojas-Buzo Sergio , Lopes Christian W. , Agostini Giovanni , Calvino Jose. J. , Corma Avelino , Oña-Burgos Pascual
Published: May 2021

Subnanometric cobalt nanoclusters covered by N-doped carbon layers (Co@NC-800) catalyze the chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes and the one-pot synthesis of secondary aryl amines and isoindolinones in aquo media under mild reaction conditions.
A–D–C–D–A type non-fullerene acceptors based on the benzotriazole (BTA) unfused core for organic solar cells
Authors: Huang Jinfeng , Gao Cai-Yan , Fan Xin-Heng , Zhu Xiaozhang , Yang Lian-Ming
Published: May 2021

Increase of fluorine atoms to modulate the molecular orientation and thus enhanced the photovoltaic performances.
Correction: In situ TEM measurement of activation volume in ultrafine grained gold
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Stangebye Sandra , Jungjohann Katherine , Boyce Brad , Zhu Ting , Kacher Josh , Pierron Olivier N.
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘In situ TEM measurement of activation volume in ultrafine grained gold’ by Saurabh Gupta et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 7146–7158, DOI: 10.1039/D0NR01874K.
Optimal configuration and economic operation of energy storage system considering photovoltaic consumption rate
Authors: Xie Yuguang , Gao Bo , Li Jinzhong , Zhou Yang , Zheng Tianwen
Published: May 2021

The outstanding photovoltaic (PV) abandonment problem can be effectively solved by configuring energy storage (ES). The capacity configuration and operation control strategy of ES are the main difficulty in the economic operation of the system. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation model is established to evaluate the economics of ES to improve PV consumption. Further, an ES capacity configuration method based on double-layer optimization is proposed. The upper optimization uses PV curtailment rate to determine the feasible region of ES capacity configuration. The comprehensive economic benefits are used as the inner optimization indicator to optimize the capacity configuration of ES. The ES charging and discharging strategy used in the paper can realize the efficient use of PV power. The simulation result proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Research on application of artificial intelligence technology in fire alarm system of substations
Authors: Cheng Rong , Chai Linjie , Hu Shiyao
Published: May 2021

It is very important to identify fires in substations. Traditional fire alarm systems have problems such as low sensitivity and slow response. This article introduces the working principle of a fire alarm system based on artificial intelligence. And this article also designs different smoke particle sampling schemes for different areas in the substation, such as functional rooms/cable trenches, to ensure the correct operation of the system combined with the actual conditions of each area. Resulting that the fire alarm system based on artificial intelligence can detect the fire at the early stage and alarm in time.
Application of Nano Rare Earth Materials
Authors: Li Hong , Wei Fengjun , Gao Ruixiao
Published: May 2021

Rare earth is an important strategic resource in China, and it has the reputation of “industrial vitamin” in the industrial field. Rare earth is non-renewable. Due to the diverse preparation methods of rare earth oxides, different preparation methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Using different methods to prepare nano-rare earth oxides. And because of the special electronic structure of rare earth elements, it has special optical, electrical and magnetic properties. This article mainly introduces the use of nano-rare earth oxides in luminescence, permanent magnetism, ceramics, catalysis and so on.
Research and application of power grid intelligent inspection management system based on physical ID
Authors: Qu Limin , Wang Chao , Zhang Jian , Zhang Hang , Sun Wei , Sheng Jie
Published: May 2021

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency, poor accuracy and untimely defect detection of traditional power grid equipment inspection methods, this paper proposed a power grid intelligent inspection management system based on physical ID. And a method for identifying high-risk alarm areas and fault location of transmission channel is proposed. By using big data mining and unsupervised clustering machine learning algorithm, the problems of poor accuracy and slow calculation speed of a large number of alarm data area division are fundamentally solved, and the functions of dynamic alarm and location affected by external force destruction, foreign object intrusion and environment are realized. The results show that compared with the traditional methods, the proposed method has higher efficiency and accuracy, and lower fault trip rate.
Study on the effect of Anammox/Fe0 coupling treatment of nitrate wastewater under neutral conditions
Authors: Wang Bing , Sun Bing , Liu Yunlong , Yang Lin
Published: May 2021

Batch experiments were conducted to explore the effect of Anammox bacteria on the nitrate reduction efficiency of Fe0 under neutral conditions and to analyze the ways of its enhancement. The effects of Fe2+ concentration on the activity of Anammox bacteria in the system were investigated by detecting the nitrate content in the system under neutral conditions. The upflow reactor was set to verify the possibility of stable operation of Fe0/Anammox system in continuous flow. The results showed that in neutral environment, Anammox bacteria can significantly promote the reduction of nitrate by Fe0, and the denitration rate can reach more than 75% under the dual biological and chemical effects. In the continuous flow system of nitrate reduction by Fe0/Anammox bacteria, the stable treatment period was about 7 days. Through regular replacement of iron powder, the denitration rate can be maintained at more than 75% for a long time, and the effluent NH4+, NO2- concentration is low. The treatment of nitrate wastewater by zero-valent iron as a reducing agent has been widely paid attention, but the treatment effect is seriously affected by pH. Anammox bacteria were added to coupling with Fe0 can not only promote each other’s reactivity to adapt to more non-ideal environment, but also reduce secondary pollution, which provides a new idea for the practical application of nitrate wastewater treatment.
Design Requirement and DC Bias Analysis on HVDC Converter Transformer
Authors: Peng Weijian , Liu Qi , Liang Li , Jiang Wenqi , Zhang Zhuoyuan
Published: May 2021

The converter transformer plays a critical role in the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system, which connects but separates the AC grids and the converter. This paper briefly introduced the essential design requirement of the HVDC converter transformer in a system at ±800kV level and analyzed the DC bias influence on the transformer. The DC bias current effect simulations are analyzed in MATLAB and ANSYS Maxwell in this paper, respectively.
Simulation Study on Low Thermal Resistance Materials to Improve Pipe-laying Cable Ampacity
Authors: Wang Yanfeng , Zhu Wenwei , Guo Yaodong , Xu Zhifeng , Wu Zhaojian , Li Rongjun , Liu Gang
Published: May 2021

Pipe-laying cables have been widely used in the urban power transmission grid. The ampacity of the pipe-laying cables is affected by the thermal conductivity of the filling material, the ratio of the filling material and other factors. For this part of the content, the existing research is not enough. In this paper, a multi-field coupling model for pipe-laying cables is established and the validity of the proposed model is verified by the cable experiment. Based on the proposed multi-field model, three different filling materials have been compared and several influence factors have been investigated. Results show that the filling materials can significantly improve the heat dissipation environment in the pipe and increase the ampacity of the cable. Different filling materials, as well as their filling proportion in the pipe, will ultimately affect the ampacity of the cable. The results can provide guidance in practical engineering application.
Incipient fault detection of chiller based on improved CVA
Authors: Qu Jiehui , Zhang Hanyuan , Zhang Guiqing , Chen Hao
Published: May 2021

The chiller plays an important role for providing comfort environment. Once, the incipient faults are missed, they may develop to be fatal faults and further lead to equipment damage and casualties. Nevertheless, the incipient fault in the running process of the chiller are easily neglected in noise. Moreover, the running variables of the chiller have dynamic characteristics, and each process variable is correlated with each other in each process, and a certain variable is interrelated at different times. To tackle these problems, we develop an improved canonical variable analysis (ICVA) method to detect the incipient fault in chiller units with significant dynamic characteristics. In the proposed method, the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) is first applied to filter the data. Then the canonical variable analysis is used to detect the fault. In this paper, ASHRAE RP-1043 experimental data are used to verify the proposed method. Simulation results show that compared with traditional CVA method, ICVA method has a higher fault detection rate for incipient fault.
Failure analysis of SA210-C steel pipe in power plant
Authors: Zhao Hai , Jiang Chong , Gao Zhiwei , Tian Chengchuan
Published: May 2021

The reason and mechanism of the failure of SA210-C steel liquid wall were analyzed by means of macro morphology analysis, chemical composition analysis, microstructure analysis and XRD phase analysis. The test results show that the main reason for the failure of SA210-C steel water wall tube is the corrosion under the inner wall scale, and the long-term unqualified boiler water quality is the main factor causing the corrosion of water wall.
Kinematics and workspace analysis of a robotic arm for medical delivery robots
Authors: Wang Wenli , Wang Peng , Zhao Yongguo , Zhu Yunhai , Zhao Jie
Published: May 2021

For the control of the robot arm of a medical delivery robot, firstly, the forward kinematic equations of this 7-degree-of-freedom redundant robot arm are constructed according to a modified D-H method. Secondly, the analytical solution of the inverse kinematics of the redundant robotic arm is solved using the parameterised arm angle. Thirdly, kinematic simulation experiments were carried out by gazebo and RVIZ in ROS to verify the correctness of the forward and inverse kinematic solution process. Finally, the Monte Carlo method was used to generate the point cloud map of the workspace of the redundant robotic arm within the allowed range of joints, and the boundary points of the workspace were extracted, and the extracted boundary points were fitted with least squares curves to find the workspace of the robotic arm, which laid the foundation for future research directions such as motion control and path planning of medical delivery robots.
Simulation and Analysis of Efficiency Dielectric Properties of Core-shell Agricultural Products
Authors: Zhong Runeng , Zheng Qinhong , Yao Bin , Xiang Tai
Published: May 2021

Dielectric properties are important characteristic parameters in the microwave-assisted application of hygroscopic agricultural media. In order to expand the application of electromagnetic wave in the drying of core-shell agricultural products, a numerical model is established by discrete element method, finite element method and average energy method. The internal correlation between the thickness, volume fraction, conductivity, and dielectric constant of each component with the efficiency dielectric properties of core-shell agricultural materials is simulated and obtained. The results can provide the data for the development of electromagnetic drying process of agricultural products and the setting of process parameters of drying equipment. This simulation model is suitable for the analysis of RF range.
Research on Evaluation and Mechanism of Power Grid Reserve Project Based on Matter Element Model
Authors: Yan Jun , Sha Yuheng , Wang Tiezheng , Zhang Yanlai , Zhu Ziwei , Li Wenlong , Guo Yannan , Li Wenqi , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yuqian
Published: May 2021

In view of the increasing number of power grid reserve projects, how to reasonably evaluate power grid reserve projects and formulate power grid reserve project management mechanisms is of great significance for improving project management levels, optimizing resource allocation, and realizing the sustainable development of power grid enterprises. This paper proposes an evaluation method for power grid reserve projects based on the matter-element model. First, considering the influence factors of technology, economy, environment, etc., this paper constructs an evaluation index system for reserve projects considering policy, safety, and benefits; The method of weighting determines the index weight, and evaluates the project in combination with the matter-element model, laying a foundation for the research of the project reserve mechanism, and finally uses examples to verify the effectiveness of the method.
Forecasting on China’s final consumption in 2021
Authors: Liu X.L. , Dou Y.X. , Zhai K.X. , Huan S.H.
Published: May 2021

In the vital stage of China’s economic development pattern turning to the “double-cycle” dominated by sizable domestic cycle, the analysis and prediction of final consumption is of great significance to achieve stable economic growth with quality and efficiency, and improve people’s quality of life. Based on the analysis of the change trend of the final consumption and its structure and the main influencing factors, this paper forecasts the final consumption of China in 2021 by the method of summing sub- items. It is expected that China’s final consumption will be with a nominal growth rate in the range of 9.6-10.6% year-on-year in 2021.
The Innovative Development Strategy of Service Trade in Wuhan Based on SWOT Analysis In the Context of Sino-US Trade Friction and The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wang Hongping , Gao Fang , Liu Quanhong , Li Yufan
Published: May 2021

The negative impact of Sino-US trade friction on China and Wuhan’s economy, politics, trade and many other fields is extensive and profound, and the COVID-19’s outbreak has exacerbated this impact. Under these circumstances, this paper analyzes the strategic situation of Wuhan’s service trade based on SWOT analysis. Accordingly, this paper puts forward countermeasures for the innovative development of service trade in Wuhan.
Research on Coal Price Forecast based on ARIMA and SVM combination Model
Authors: Zheng Yin , Yuan Kun , Dai Lei
Published: May 2021

China is the largest producer and consumer of coal in the world. Qinhuangdao Port is not only the largest coal export port in the world, but also an important coal transportation hub in China. The study of the change of coal price in Qinhuangdao Port is of great significance to the study of the change of coal price in the whole country. In this paper, in order to avoid the large prediction error of a single prediction model, an ARIMA-SVM parallel combination model is constructed, and the appropriate weight ratio of ARIMA and SVM model is obtained by calculation, so as to obtain more reliable prediction results. The results show that the international competitiveness of the domestic coal market is insufficient, the coal trading system is incomplete and depends too much on coal resources. For this reason, the government should promote the adjustment of energy structure, improve the mode of transportation, actively improve the coal futures trading system, and realize the upgrading of coal industry.
Discussion and Research on New Energy Vehicle Exterior Design Innovation
Authors: Ge Xinye , Li Mengyin
Published: May 2021

After entering the 21st century, with the intensification of environmental pollution and the increase in consumption of petroleum resources, the country has focused on the development of new energy sources from multiple angles in order to achieve the goal of energy conservation and environmental protection. In this context, auto companies are also committed to the research and development of new energy vehicles, and comprehensively optimize the design of new energy vehicles. Major automobile companies strive to increase the output and quality of new energy vehicles and create unique brands. This article will give an example to talk about the innovative scheme of the appearance design of new energy vehicles, hoping to provide a reference for the research and development of new energy vehicles.