bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the effects of storage conditions on the preservation of soybean quality and the prevention of the self-heating process and the occurrence of fires
Authors: Milanko Verica , Gavanski Dusan , Laban Mirjana
Published: December 2011

After harvest, oilseed raw materials must be stored for a longer or shorter
period of time before further processing. The task of storage is the
safekeeping of the stored material with a minimal loss in quality. In order
to preserve wet grain until processing, it is necessary to provide proper
storage conditions. For this purpose, storage in the atmosphere of inert
gases as well as storage in hermetically closed storages is applied. Such
method is uncommon for oil cultures in domestic practice. Experimental
research, analyzed in this paper, with emphasis on the effects of storage
conditions on the preservation of soybean grain quality and the prevention of
possibilities of the occurrence of the self-heating and self-ignition
process, confirms the advantages of application of such method of storage for
soybean grain. Soybean with the moisture content of 10.99% and 16.96% is
stored in steel semi-industrial silo cells with carbon-dioxide atmosphere,
and in hermetically sealed cell. The changes in temperature in the silo
cells, changes in moisture content and discoloration of the soybean grains,
as well as the amount of oil and protein in the grain were monitored during
the experiment. The quality of the oil in grain was determined through the
content of free fatty acids. The results of the research showed that, during
longer period of time (216 days), the quality of the soybean grain in the
sample with higher moisture content (16,96%) was preserved when storage was
performed in carbon dioxide atmosphere. The storage of wet grain in a
hermetically closed cell, in relation to the grain kept in carbon dioxide
atmosphere, did not record significant differences in the examined
indicators. Since the storage under controlled conditions did not result in
the development of processes that would lead to the spontaneous heating of
the soybean mass, the recommendation is to introduce such storage method for
oilseed raw materials into domestic practice, with the additional aim of
increasing the degree of protection against fire and explosions.
An asymptotic approximation of Wallis’ sequence
Authors: Lampret Vito
Published: December 2011

An asymptotic approximation of Wallis’ sequence W(n) = Πk=1n 4k
2/(4k
2 − 1) obtained on the base of Stirling’s factorial formula is presented. As a consequence, several accurate new estimates of Wallis’ ratios w(n) = Πk=1n(2k−1)/(2k) are given. Also, an asymptotic approximation of π in terms of Wallis’ sequence W(n) is obtained, together with several double inequalities such as, for example,
$W(n) \cdot (a_n + b_n ) < \pi < W(n) \cdot (a_n + b'_n )$
with
$a_n = 2 + \frac{1}
{{2n + 1}} + \frac{2}
{{3(2n + 1)^2 }} - \frac{1}
{{3n(2n + 1)'}}b_n = \frac{2}
{{33(n + 1)^{2'} }}b'_n \frac{1}
{{13n^{2'} }}n \in \mathbb{N}
$
.
Developmental expression of P5 ATPase mRNA in the mouse
Authors: Weingarten Lisa , Dave Hardi , Li Hongyan , Crawford Dorota
Published: December 2011

P5 ATPases (ATP13A1 through ATP13A5) are found in all eukaryotes. They are currently poorly characterized and have unknown substrate specificity. Recent evidence has linked two P5 ATPases to diseases of the nervous system, suggesting possible importance of these proteins within the nervous system. In this study we determined the relative expression of mouse P5 ATPases in development using quantitative real time PCR. We have shown that ATP13A1 and ATP13A2 were both expressed similarly during development, with the highest expression levels at the peak of neurogenesis. ATP13A3 was expressed highly during organogenesis with one of its isoforms playing a more predominant role during the period of neuronal development. ATP13A5 was expressed most highly in the adult mouse brain. We also assessed the expression of these genes in various regions of the adult mouse brain. ATP13A1 to ATP13A4 were expressed differentially in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, brainstem and cerebellum while levels of ATP13A5 were fairly constant between these brain regions. Moreover, we demonstrated expression of the ATP13A4 protein in the corresponding brain regions using immunohistochemistry. In summary, this study furthers our knowledge of P5-type ATPases and their potentially important role in the nervous system.
From a Tb3+ chelated compound to a hybrid material: selective emission responses to anions
Authors: Zhang Zheng-Yang , Wang Qian-Ming , Wu Jian-Zhong , Cai Wei-Sheng , Yu Yi-Fei
Published: December 2011

A novel terbium 2-hydroxymethyl-benzoimidazole-6-carboxylic acid complex has been designed and unique emission changes to fluoride anions in comparison with HSO4−, AcO−, Cl−, Br−, and I− were observed. Then, the complex was encapsulated into an inorganic matrix. The novel hybrid material, with strong green emission was successfully synthesized as an anions receptor in water. More importantly, this hybrid material not only gave luminescence response to F−, but also to HSO4−. Spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the recognition process for fluoride ions can be mainly ascribed to its hydrogen bonding interactions with hydrogen bond donor units (NH and OH). In case of hydrogen sulfate, the sensing effects can be probably attributed to its acidity instead of hydrogen bonding interactions.
Determination of impurities for controllable growth of high quality optical fluorite
Authors: Mouhovski Jordan , Detcheva Albena
Published: December 2011

Natural fluorite is used for growing CaF2 boules from melt by an improved technique. Chemical treatment of the starting ore decomposes the accessory minerals, thus producing small amounts of the oxides of Si, Al, and Fe insoluble in the melt, whereas the overall content of rare earth elements (REEs) of hundreds of μg g−1, remains unchanged. Analytical techniques and optical measurements provide for assessing the concentration range and trends in the distribution of residual metal impurities along the height of the boules. Solid sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-ETAAS) gives good reproducibility for impurities’ distribution within a large concentration range of 0.1–10 μg g−1. The concentrations of Zn and Cu determined were found to vary within the lowest tenths of μg g−1 range in the starting portions of chemically treated fluorspar and a batch of boules produced subsequently. The concentrations of both elements show a decreasing trend towards the top section within the confidential interval, the width of which confirms the definite in homogeneities in their distribution at those concentration levels. The Fe occurs in the boules below the detection limit, while the content of lead diminishes rapidly towards their upper section, probably due to a shorter path in the liquid phase before any vapour phase transition proceeds. A satisfactory correlation is found between the Pb concentration in ng g−1-range and light-absorption peak intensity at 204 nm, the precise determination of which is impeded due to the overlapping bands and the light-scattering effect. Reliable determination of impurities enables optimisation of the basic purification — growing stages for the production of high grade crystals.
Notes on the betweenness centrality of a graph
Authors: Gago S. , Hurajová J. , Madaras T.
Published: December 2011

The betweenness centrality of a vertex of a graph is the portion of the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices passing through a given vertex. We study upper bounds for this invariant and its relations to the diameter and average distance of a graph.
A connection between sums of binomial coefficients and Gross-Koblitz formula
Authors: Jakubec Stanislav
Published: December 2011

A connection between sums $\sum\limits_{k \equiv j(\bmod p)} {( - 1)^k (_k^{np^m } )} $ and Gross-Koblitz formula is given.
Some argument inequalities for certain analytic functions
Authors: Liu Jin-Lin
Published: December 2011

For analytic functions f(z) in the open unit disk U and convex functions g(z) in U, Nunokawa et al. [NUNOKAWA, M.—OWA, S.—NISHIWAKI, J.—KUROKI, K.—HAYAMI, T: Differential subordination and argumental property, Comput. Math. Appl. 56 (2008), 2733–2736] have proved one theorem which is a generalization of the result [POMMERENKE, CH.: On close-toconvex analytic functions, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 114 (1965), 176–186]. The object of the present paper is to generalize the theorem due to Nunokawa et al..
Enhanced therapeutic agent delivery through magnetic resonance imaging–monitored focused ultrasound blood-brain barrier disruption for brain tumor treatment: an overview of the current preclinical status
Authors: Liu Hao-Li , Yang Hung-Wei , Hua Mu-Yi , Wei Kuo-Chen
Published: December 2011

Malignant glioma is a severe primary CNS cancer with a high recurrence and mortality rate. The current strategy of surgical debulking combined with radiation therapy or chemotherapy does not provide good prognosis, tumor progression control, or improved patient survival. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a major obstacle to chemotherapeutic treatment of brain tumors by severely restricting drug delivery into the brain. Because of their high toxicity, chemotherapeutic drugs cannot be administered at sufficient concentrations by conventional delivery methods to significantly improve long-term survival of patients with brain tumors. Temporal disruption of the BBB by microbubble-enhanced focused ultrasound (FUS) exposure can increase CNS-blood permeability, providing a promising new direction to increase the concentration of therapeutic agents in the brain tumor and improve disease control. Under the guidance and monitoring of MR imaging, a brain drug-delivery platform can be developed to control and monitor therapeutic agent distribution and kinetics. The success of FUS BBB disruption in delivering a variety of therapeutic molecules into brain tumors has recently been demonstrated in an animal model. In this paper the authors review a number of critical studies that have demonstrated successful outcomes, including enhancement of the delivery of traditional clinically used chemotherapeutic agents or application of novel nanocarrier designs for actively transporting drugs or extending drug half-lives to significantly improve treatment efficacy in preclinical animal models.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in hydrocephalus associated with achondroplasia
Authors: Swift Dale , Nagy Laszlo , Robertson Brian
Published: December 2011

Hydrocephalus in patients with achondroplasia is thought to be due to increased dural sinus venous pressure resulting from narrowing of the jugular foramen. In this setting, where hydrocephalus is presumed to be “vascular” in origin and therefore communicating, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) would seem contraindicated. The authors describe 3 patients in whom ETV was successfully performed, resulting in MR imaging–documented decreases in ventricle size. The patients were 11 months, 33 months, and 13 years at the time of surgery. All patients had serial preoperative MR images demonstrating progressive hydrocephalus in a “triventricular” pattern with a small fourth ventricle but an open aqueduct. All patients had undergone suboccipital decompression for foramen magnum stenosis prior to the treatment of hydrocephalus. Preoperative retrograde venography revealed variable pressure gradients across the jugular foramen. It is postulated that the increase in intracranial venous pressure resulting from jugular foramen stenosis may lead to disproportionate venous engorgement of the cerebellum and some degree of obstructive hydrocephalus amenable to ETV. The authors discuss the role of suboccipital decompression in the progression of hydrocephalus in patients with achondroplasia.
Long-term Effects of Multiple Glucocorticoid Exposures in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Maloney Susan E. , Noguchi Kevin K. , Wozniak David F. , Fowler Stephen C. , Farber Nuri B.
Published: December 2011

Glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexamethasone (DEX) or betamethasone are repeatedly administered for up to a month to prematurely born infants as a treatment for chronic lung dysfunction. Results of clinical trials have shown that the use of GCs in these infants induces long-term deficits in neuromotor function and cognition. We have previously shown that a single exposure to clinically relevant doses of DEX or other GCs in the mouse during a period corresponding to the human perinatal period produces a dramatic increase in apoptotic cell death of neural progenitor cells in the developing cerebellum. To provide a model approximating more chronic clinical dosing regimens, we evaluated possible behavioral effects resulting from repeated exposures to DEX and subsequent GC-induced neuronal loss where neonatal mouse pups were injected with 3.0 mg/kg DEX or saline on postnatal days 7, 9, and 11 (DEX3 treatment). Adult, DEX3-treated mice exhibited long-term, possibly permanent, neuromotor deficits on a complex activity wheel task, which requires higher-order motor co-ordination skills. DEX3 mice exhibited impaired performance on this task relative to saline controls in each of two independent studies involving separate cohorts of mice. Histopathology studies utilizing stereological neuronal counts conducted in behaviorally-tested mice showed that the DEX3 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the internal granule layer (IGL) of the cerebellum, although the number of neurons in the Purkinje cell layer were unchanged. The results suggest that multiple neonatal DEX exposures can produce chronic deficits in fine motor co-ordination that are associated with cerebellar IGL neuronal loss.
On the Establishment of Climatic Zones in Europe with Regard to the Energy Performance of Buildings
Authors: Tsikaloudaki Katerina , Laskos Kostas , Bikas Dimitrios
Published: December 2011

Nowadays, subjects such as eco-design requirements, product rating or code compliance with regard to energy efficiency are expanding towards a pan-European level. This leads to the necessity of defining zones within the European region, which share common climatic characteristics and will further facilitate the quick estimation of building energy performance. Towards this direction stands the current paper; it presents an approach for defining climatic zones in Europe on the basis of the amount of heating and cooling degree days. It is applied for the climate classification of selected European cities and is compared with the conventional scheme based solely on heating degree days. Since the approach is orientated mainly towards the assessment of building energy performance, its outcomes are evaluated with regard to the actual heating and cooling energy needs of a reference building unit with office use located in representative cities of the proposed climatic zones and facing the four cardinal orientations. The classification of climatic zones on the basis of both heating and cooling degree days leads to more realistic results, since nowadays cooling needs form a substantial part of the energy balance of the building, especially in the Mediterranean regions.
Involvement of Nitrogen on Flavonoids, Glutathione, Anthocyanin, Ascorbic Acid and Antioxidant Activities of Malaysian Medicinal Plant Labisia pumila Blume (Kacip Fatimah)
Authors: Ibrahim Mohd Hafiz , Jaafar Hawa Z. E. , Rahmat Asmah , Rahman Zaharah Abdul
Published: December 2011

A split plot 3 by 4 experiment was designed to characterize the relationship between production of gluthatione (GSH), oxidized gluthatione (GSSG), total flavonoid, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activities (FRAP and DPPH) in three varieties of Labisia pumila Blume, namely the varieties alata, pumila and lanceolata, under four levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg N/ha) for 15 weeks. The treatment effects were solely contributed by nitrogen application; there was neither varietal nor interaction effects observed. As the nitrogen levels decreased from 270 to 0 kg N/ha, the production of GSH and GSSG, anthocyanin, total flavonoid and ascorbic acid increased steadily. At the highest nitrogen treatment level, L. pumila exhibited signiﬁcantly lower antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) than those exposed to limited nitrogen growing conditions. Significant positive correlation was obtained between antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP), total flavonoid, GSH, GSSG, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid suggesting that an increase in the antioxidative activities in L. pumila under low nitrogen fertilization could be attributed to higher contents of these compounds. From this observation, it could be concluded that in order to avoid negative effects on the quality of L. pumila, it is advisable to avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer when cultivating the herb for its medicinal use.
Purification, Characterization and Antitumor Activities of a New Protein from Syngnathus acus, an Officinal Marine Fish
Authors: Wang Mengyue , Nie Yuxiao , Peng Ying , He Fen , Yang Jingyu , Wu Chunfu , Li Xiaobo
Published: December 2011

Discovery and development of new antitumor agents from abundant marine fish are attracting an increasing interest. In the present study, we extracted and purified a novel antitumor protein Syngnathusin from the whole body of Syngnathus acus L., a precious marine fish traditionally used for tumors. Syngnathusin was comprised of 16 kinds of amino acids, mainly acidic amino acids. Its molecular weight was 67.3 kDa and its isoelectric point was 4.57. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of Syngnathusin was determined to be Lys-Arg-Asp-Leu-Gly-Phe-Val-Asp-Glu-Ile-Ser-Ala-His-Tyr and showed no significant homology with the known proteins. Syngnathusin could significantly inhibit the growth of A549 and CCRF-CEM cells. However, the obvious proliferation inhibition against human non-tumor cell lines was not observed. Flow cytometry, morphologic assessment and comet assay revealed that Syngnathusin could induce apoptosis in A549 and CCRF-CEM cells and strongly cooperated with MTX. Syngnathusin could inhibit the growth of S180 tumor transplanted in mice. Syngnathusin may be developed as a novel, selective and effective antineoplastic agent.
A New Triterpenoid Saponin from Abrus precatorius Linn
Authors: Xiao Zhi-Hui , Wang Fa-Zuo , Sun Ai-Jun , Li Chuan-Rong , Huang Cai-Guo , Zhang Si
Published: December 2011

A new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl subprogenin D (1), together with six known triterpenoids: subprogenin D (2), abrusgenic acid (3), triptotriterpenic acid B (4), abruslactone A (5), abrusogenin (6) and abrusoside C (7) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Abrus precatorius. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physical and NMR analysis, respectively. Compounds 5 and 6 showed moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7, SW1990, Hela, and Du-145 cell lines. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Enantiomeric Separation and Determination of the Enantiomeric Impurity of Armodafinil by Capillary Electrophoresis with Sulfobutyl Ether-β-cyclodextrin as Chiral Selector
Authors: Wang Wei , Xiang Suyun , Zhou Xiaojuan , Ji Yibing , Xiang Bingren
Published: December 2011

A selective capillary electrophoresis method using sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector was developed and validated for the determination of the enantiomeric impurity of (R)-modafinil, i.e., armodafinil. Several parameters were optimized for a satisfactory enantioresolution, including the type and concentration of chiral selector and organic modifier, pH of background electrolyte (BGE), capillary temperature. The finally adopted condition was: 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer at pH 7.5, containing 20 mmol/L sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin and 20% methanol, at temperature of 25 °C. A good resolution of 3.3 for the two enantiomers of modafinil was achieved by applying the optimal conditions. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of (S)-modafinil were 1.25 μg/mL and 2.50 μg/mL, respectively. The established method was also proven to display good selectivity, repeatability, linearity and accuracy. Finally, the method was used to investigate the enantiomeric purity of armodafinil in bulk samples.
PAYMENT RISK ESTIMATION IN THE MARKETS OF LITHUANIA, LATVIA AND ESTONIA
Authors: Grigonytė Ingrida , Sūdžius Vytautas
Published: December 2011

According to difficult business situation, payments to business partners, clients or suppliers are delayed more than usual. That could be a serious threat to enterprises. In this article solvency importance to all business units as well as company‘s ability to pay their debts to other market units (partners, suppliers, etc.) in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are discussed. The data used in this article are taken from Intrum Justitia OY EPI (European Payment Index) research. Payment index in three Baltic region countries, harm that can be done to enterprises, and company‘s behaviour according to payment delays are analysed. At the end of the article there are recommendations of actions needed to be taken in order to prevent company‘s solvency.
OPTIMAL SELECTION METHOD FOR INVESTMENT PROJECT
Authors: Žilinskas Vytautas Jonas
Published: December 2011

Under the modern world market conditions the investment activity of enterprises is increasing. Therefore, one of the main aspects of the investment activity guarantee is a selection and apprehension of the main principles of the investment control and possi-bilities of different uses of the investment instruments. For the optimum selection of the investment projects it is suggested to use a formalistic experimental author’s modified method of priority allocation and selection, which gives an opportunity to evaluate the investment project according to different partial criteria and their meaning of importance. Working out this way a complex evaluation of each chosen investment project is obtai-ned. Using the suggested MPSP (modified method of priority allocation and selection) the investment projects are evaluated with qualitative and quantitative criteria. So this method can be used when qualitative criteria of evaluation are predominated. Formalis-tic methods of analysis cannot be used to establish quantitative criteria and those small projects when it is relatively too expensive to apply other usual methods of the financial economic analysis. Method MPSP selection is universal and ordinary so it can be used to establish the efficiency of different projects, to classify projects, to model the strategy of the state economy. If you like to control the realization of the chosen investment project more effectively and rationally it is suggested to use PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique).The main control elements of the investment project are reviewed in the article using PERT which is useful to draw up an optimistic reticular schedule of the investment work implementation.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN PRACTICE OF ENTERPRISES ACTIVITY
Authors: Burinskienė Aurelija
Published: December 2011

Nowadays importance of international trade is rising; new perspectives for enterprises to sell products at international markets are more significant.In the article theoretical and practical aspects of international trade development are analysed; European Union manufacturing and trade enterprises are compared; practice of manufacturing and trade enterprises activity for development of international trade are presented. The study results show that European Union manufacturing enterprises are more active in international trade than trade enterprises. Also research shows that within manufacturing enterprises Denmark and Luxembourg enterprises are the most active in selling products abroad and in using traditional and online international trade development methods.
THE PECULIARITIES OF ATTITUDE FORMATION TO FOREIGN PRODUCTS
Authors: Paukštė Vaidotas , Normantas Mantas , Normantienė Lina
Published: December 2011

Nowadays the attitude formation is one of the most popular topics in marketing literature. However, in the scientific literature there are many publications, which exclude different factors. Despite this fact, in scientific literature there are not a lot of publications about attitude formation to foreign products. In this publication scientific literature analysis of attitude, attitude formation and ethnocentrism is accomplished. This publication discloses the main attributes of attitude formation to foreign products. According to the results, the customers‘ experience has the biggest influence on attitudes to foreign products. Also, it was found, that other attitude formation factors have an influence on attitude, but the influence is small when customers are ethnocentric.
DIFFERENTIATION OF ELECTRONIC AND MOBILE BUSINESS ASPECTS
Authors: Čyras Giedrius , Uturytė-Vrubliauskienė Laura
Published: December 2011

Rapid developments in mobile networks and wireless information systems nowadays are researched and adopted. Innovative business models are continually performing and could become a major benchmark in the electronic business field. Understanding them and attempting to design them are important issues. The differentiation of mobile business aspects from electronic business dimensions are a set of the parameters that set mobile business services to leading positions. One of the biggest partitive attributes between electronic mobile business applications is the working options of the user. Electronic business environment constrains the user work at the stationary position. Mobile business applications allow the user work in total mobility conditions. Also new network-based options can handle many of the services features, which can add value to mobile business services. Mobile business is the result of the electronic business and information technologies evolution. For the value adding, mobile business services should take real advantage of electronic business services, with the opportunities of creating, configuring, integrating, upgrading, troubleshooting, and maintaining new business models. A variety of mobile business service offerings that could take advantage of electronic business are presented. A treatment is suggested to add value and differentiate mobile business services, so that they continue to remain profitable.
THE LEVEL OF CUSTOMER PARTICIPATION IN CO-PRODUCTION OF PLANNING THE FURNITURE SERVICES
Authors: Tijūnaitienė Rigita , Šidlauskienė Jelena , Petukienė Evandželina
Published: December 2011

This article analyses customer’s level of participation in co-production of service. A client’s, known as a co-producer’s involvement is a pretty new conception of participation in creation of service where customers participate in projects, in direct, all-round and not only physical ways, together with professional representatives of service providers. A customer’s activity is becoming an important factor in order to achieve the results of effective creation of service, considering that client’s level while participating plays an essential role in the creation of service. To accomplish an empirical investigation, two quality methods were selected (observation and interview), which were performed in the company, which provides the services of furniture design. Theoretical literature analyses showed that there are three levels of customer’s participation: low, average and high, which usually appear in creation of co-productive service. Empirical investigation reve-aled that while co-producing services of furniture design customer’s level of participation can be: low, average, average high and high. This shows that “pure” level of participation in co-production of furniture design service appears rarely, while intermediate (“impure”) level of participation can be observed more frequently. It is established that customer’s personality, temper, stress, lack of designer’s attention, preliminary decisions, and goods peculiarities determine causes of customer’s involvement/ devolvement. It is established that it is hard to elucidate and reveal customer’s needs, wishes and motives when the level of participation in co-production of furniture design service is low, and, as a result of that, a chance that the results of a service could not correspond to all customers expectations, rises. It is established that co-production of furniture design service is effective when the level of participation in co-production of furniture design service is average and average high, because high-desired customer’s level of activity has not been noticed. Results of empirical investigation confirmed that in investigated (furniture design) service, high level of participation results in creation of co-productive and effective service, and received result absolutely corresponds to customer’s needs and wishes. After summarizing the results of an investigation, it was noticed that it is possible to expect higher customer’s level of participation if customer’s participation is properly managed.
Genre et migration : l'entrée dans la sexualité des migrants d'Afrique subsaharienne en France
Authors: Marsicano Élise , Lydié Nathalie , Bajos Nathalie
Published: December 2011

Résumé Cet article analyse la recomposition des rapports de genre en contexte migratoire à travers un prisme particulier : l’entrée dans la sexualité de personnes arrivant d’Afrique subsaharienne en France, à partir d’une enquête menée en 2005 auprès de 1 874 migrants d’Afrique subsaharienne en Île-de-France. Il s’agit de mettre à jour l’impact des trajectoires migratoires des femmes et des hommes sur leurs premières expériences sexuelles ainsi que les éventuelles transformations des relations de domination dans la sexualité après la migration. La construction de profils migratoires permet d’opérer une distinction entre contexte de socialisation pendant l’enfance et l’adolescence et contexte dans lequel s’est déroulé le premier rapport sexuel. Si les capitaux socioculturels jouent toujours un rôle déterminant s’agissant des calendriers d’entrée dans la sexualité, l’influence des socialisations scolaire et religieuse diffère selon le contexte d’entrée dans la sexualité, de manière différente pour les femmes et les hommes. En outre, pour les personnes qui ont débuté leur vie sexuelle avant de migrer, les écarts d’âge entre partenaires ainsi que la fréquence des premiers rapports forcés, notamment pour les femmes, témoignent de contextes relationnels particulièrement inégalitaires. À l’inverse, le fait d’avoir migré pendant l’enfance dessine des conditions d’entrée dans la sexualité sensiblement moins inégalitaires, proches de celles des personnes nées en France.
A Comparison of White-Winged DoveZenaida asiaticaDensities Estimated During Morning and Evening Surveys
Authors: Small Michael F. , Veech Joseph A. , Baccus John T.
Published: December 2011

Surveying bird populations through visual observation is generally limited to morning. The focus on morning surveys is based on the reasonable assumption that detection is more likely when birds are most active. However, population surveys could become more time- and cost-efficient if both morning and evening sampling were equally effective, particularly for game birds, such as white-winged dove Zenaida asiatica. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department has recently implemented distance sampling to estimate population sizes and monitor an ongoing range expansion of this species. We compared morning vs. evening density estimates for white-winged doves sampled in Mason, Texas, on six separate occasions during summer 2006. Program DISTANCE (version 5.0) calculated similar detection probabilities and density estimates between paired morning and evening sampling periods. Probability of detection ranged from 0.27 to 0.46 for both morning and evening samples. Densities, in individuals/ha, ranged from 2.54 to 4.02 for morning sampling and 2.48 to 4.31 for evening sampling. In addition, variables (number of observations, cluster size, distance to cluster) used by DISTANCE did not vary substantially between morning and evening surveys. Our results suggest evening surveys are as effective as the conventional protocol of surveying white-winged doves only in the morning. Additional studies, using Program DISTANCE, should be conducted to similarly evaluate other species.
United States Antarctic Program Research Vessels
Authors: Sutherland Alexander L.
Published: December 2011

The U.S. Antarctic Program (USAP), funded and managed by the National Science Foundation (NSF), has provided dedicated research vessel support for four decades. This paper briefly reviews the impetus to provide such research support, discusses some of the vessels used over the past
40 years and concentrates on the present vessels the Nathaniel B. Palmer and the Laurence M. Gould.
The University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS)—The Academic Research Fleet and Oceanographic Facilities
Authors: Prince Jonathan M.
Published: December 2011

The University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) was formed by the U.S. academic oceanographic community in cooperation with the Federal funding agencies in 1971 to promote the goals of community-wide equal access to research vessels, cooperative ship scheduling, standardized
operations, and uniform funding arrangements. The UNOLS organization has continued to be focused on these goals as well as planning for the renewal and technological upgrading of oceanographic research facilities. Acting together, scientists from all UNOLS institutions and the Federal Agencies
that support the science and facilities have fostered a modern research vessel fleet and submergence vehicles that have provided the tools required for cutting edge ocean science research. This coordinated approach, with input from users and funding agencies, maintains the individual facility
operations at a widely dispersed group of institutions and has promoted a healthy and innovative approach to providing facilities to all marine scientists. This paper will discuss the make up of the academic research fleet, the UNOLS organization and the challenges for the coming decades.
Present and Future Status of the NOAA Oceanographic Fleet
Authors: Fields Evelyn
Published: December 2011

NOAA's Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO) provides centralized management of NOAA's fleet of15 vessels that support a wide range of operational and research missions. NOAA's ship requirements are being met with a mix of commercial charters, contracts for data, the UNOLS
academic fleet and NOAA vessels. In 2000, OMAO developed its five-year strategic plan in direct support of the NOAA strategic plan. The primary focus of the OMAO strategic plan is to provide the best value in safe, high-quality ship and aircraft operations and scientific support to NOAA and
the nation. Having efficient and effective ocean platforms that collect atmospheric and oceanographic data, which can ground truth (or validate) other data platforms, is still paramount to NOAA and the scientific community. As NOAA continues its critical research on the coupling of the atmosphere
and ocean that drives global climate, as well as protecting and managing marine environments, its fleet will playa vital role in supporting these efforts.
Improving Tsunami Forecast Skill Using Deep Ocean Observations
Authors: Bernard Eddie , Titov Vasily
Published: December 2011

Tsunamis are an ever-present threat to lives and property along the coasts of most of the world's oceans. The Sumatra tsunami of 26 December 2004, which killed over 230,000 people, compels us to be more proactive in developing ways to reduce tsunami impact on our global society. Since
1997, the United States has used a joint state/federal partnership to reduce tsunami hazards along US coastlines—the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. By integrating hazard assessment, warning guidance and mitigation activities, the program has created a roadmap and a set of
tools to make communities more resilient to local and distant tsunamis. Among the tools are forecasting, educational programs, and design guidance for communities to become tsunami resilient. This article focuses on the technology required to produce accurate, reliable tsunami forecasts.
Anergic CD8+ T Lymphocytes Have Impaired NF-κB Activation with Defects in p65 Phosphorylation and Acetylation
Authors: Clavijo Paúl E. , Frauwirth Kenneth A.
Published: December 2011

Because of the cytotoxic potential of CD8+ T cells, maintenance of CD8+ peripheral tolerance is extremely important. A major peripheral tolerance mechanism is the induction of anergy, a refractory state in which proliferation and IL-2 production are inhibited. We used a TCR transgenic mouse model to investigate the signaling defects in CD8+ T cells rendered anergic in vivo. In addition to a previously reported alteration in calcium/NFAT signaling, we also found a defect in NF-κB–mediated gene transcription. This was not due to blockade of early NF-κB activation events, including IκB degradation and NF-κB nuclear translocation, as these occurred normally in tolerant T cells. However, we discovered that anergic cells failed to phosphorylate the NF-κB p65 subunit at Ser311 and also failed to acetylate p65 at Lys310. Both of these modifications have been implicated as critical for NF-κB transactivation capacity, and thus, our results suggest that defects in key phosphorylation and acetylation events are important for the inhibition of NF-κB activity (and subsequent T cell function) in anergic CD8+ T cells.
Alzheimer′s Disease: APP, Gamma Secretase, APOE, CLU, CR1, PICALM, ABCA7, BIN1, CD2AP, CD33, EPHA1, and MS4A2, and Their Relationships with Herpes Simplex, C. Pneumoniae, Other Suspect Pathogens, and the Immune System
Authors: Carter Chris
Published: December 2011

Alzheimer′s disease susceptibility genes, APP and gamma‐secretase, are involved in the herpes simplex life cycle, and that of other suspect pathogens (C. pneumoniae, H. pylori, C. neoformans, B. burgdorferri, P. gingivalis) or immune defence. Such pathogens promote beta‐amyloid deposition and tau phosphorylation and may thus be causative agents, whose effects are conditioned by genes. The antimicrobial effects of beta‐amyloid, the localisation of APP/gamma‐secretase in immunocompetent dendritic cells, and gamma secretase cleavage of numerous pathogen receptors suggest that this network is concerned with pathogen disposal, effects which may be abrogated by the presence of beta‐amyloid autoantibodies in the elderly. These autoantibodies, as well as those to nerve growth factor and tau, also observed in Alzheimer′s disease, may well be antibodies to pathogens, due to homology between human autoantigens and pathogen proteins. NGF or tau antibodies promote beta‐amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, or cholinergic neuronal loss, and, with other autoantibodies, such as anti‐ATPase, are potential agents of destruction, whose formation is dictated by sequence homology between pathogen and human proteins, and thus by pathogen strain and human genes. Pathogen elimination in the ageing population and removal of culpable autoantibodies might reduce the incidence and offer hope for a cure in this affliction.
Geotechnical Analysis of Labrador Shelf Sediments and the Influence of Ice Contact Processes
Authors: Silva A J , Dadey K A , Josenhans H W , Laine E P
Published: December 2011

The report describes the basic geotechnical characteristics of the Labrador Shelf (Quaternary) sediments complicated by the interaction of ice with the seafloor. This investigation integrates geophysical and geological studies with geotechnical data to understand
the influence of ice contact processes on sediment characteristics and to gain further insight into sediment history. Three sedimentary units have been identified on the Labrador Shelf. Unit 3b, the Upper Till, is overconsolidated in shallow water near the ice sheet perimeter, due to the action of
ice grounding. In deeper water this unit has not experienced significant loading from ice contact. The Hudson Strait Till (Unit 3c) also did not experience appreciable ice loading. Most of Unit 4, a pro- and post-glacial marine sediment , is normally consolidated with no ice loading. There is
evidence of loading of some strata which is attributed to iceberg scouring. This evidence indicates that scouring increases shear strength and decreases water content in sediments of this type. We conclude that the sediments of the Labrador Shelf attributed to the last glaciation, i.e. units 3b, 4,
and 5, have never experienced significant consolidating stresses due to loads imposed by thick ice sheets. The moderate amounts of overconsolidation in the upper till (Unit 3b) are attributed to partial ice loading developed in a situation in which the ice mass was primarily hydrostatically
supported.
Holocene development and sediment transport on the northeastern Grand Banks of Newfoundland
Authors: Barrie J V , Collins W T , Segall M F , Lewis C F M
Published: December 2011

Five sediment facies are recognized for the northeastern Grand Banks of Newfoundland based on sediment and bedform distributions (Barrie et al., 1984). Sediments from grab samples, boreholes and vibrocores obtained in each of these facies were examined for
texture, pebble lithology, mineralogy or sands, and quartz-grain surface textures. Results indicate a predominant locdi Tertiary and Cretaceous source of the material with a minor input from ice/iceberg rafting in the deeper shelf edge region. From the late Pleistocene-Holocene transgression to the
present, the shelf surficial sediments have been highly reworked resulting in mature sand for wnich the various mineral size components.are hydraulically equivalent. The pretransgression subaerial surface can be laterally traced above -100m, the lowest stand of sea level, by the distinct change in
heavy mineralogy from a dominance of garnet to ion hydroxide opaques, the intensity of quartz iron staining, and an increase in silt content. During the winter months, in a water depth of 70 m, the critical threshold of sand transport under oscillatory flow is exceeded up to 70% ot the time.
Unidirectional velocities, 0.5 m above the seabed, are generally low with extreme velocities exceeding 0.45 m/sec. Both wave-generated and ocean currents have mean flow directions to the south-southeast. This motion
results in sediment transport in this direction and in the formation and movement of observed oscillation ripples, megaripples and sand waves (parallel to the bathymetric contours). The larger sand ridges also appear to respond to the southeasterly transport as evidenced by increasingly younger c14
dates towards the southeast throughout the ridge. Investigations, including tracer sand studies are presently
underway to quantify the conditions under which these bedforms move.
Oswell-Index of samples cuttings and cores at the Atlantic Geoscience Centre, of Boreholes completed in the Onshore areas of eastern Canada
Authors: Hardy I A , Howie R D
Published: December 2011

The Atlantic Geoscience Centre (AGC) of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), Dartmouth, Nova Scotia maintains a library of sample cuttings and cores from boreholes completed in various locations of eastern Canada. This facility, located at the Bedford Institute
of Oceanography, contains the residue of some 815 boreholes that were obtained for a variety of purposes including the exploration for hydrocarbons by private industry, formation testing for engineering projects and for stratigraphic information by members of the Atlantic Geoscience Centre to
facilitate geological mapping of various regions of eastern Canada. To provide an up to date record of the location and other pertinent data pertaining to each of the boreholes the OSWELL Data Base system of retrieval was developed. The present report represents the first specific use of the system
to provide listings of the boreholes now available for study at the offices of the
Atlantic Geoscience Centre.
Evaluation of a sequential leach procedure for the determination of metal partitioning in Deep Sea Sediments
Authors: Fitzgerald R A , Winters G V , Buckley D E
Published: December 2011

Two chemical leach techniques are evaluated for the purpose of determining potential labile metal partitioning in deep sea sediments. Although results from batch leach techniques compare favorably with results from a sequential leach technique (deviations +/-
15% of the amount present), there are potential advantages in using a sequential technique because of reduced needs for multiple subsamples, and because of improved detection of errors in the sequential method as a result of reduced sample and data transfer errors.
A 35 mm Microfilm Compilation of Collected 3.5 kHz Bathymetry Data For AGC Cruise No. 85200, Ice Island
Authors: Sherin A G , Hardy I A , Merchant S , Beaver D E , Holt D , Cash M
Published: December 2011

The Atlantic Geoscience Centre (AGC) at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) has investigated several methods ofreleasing to the public sector its massive collection (ofover 150,000 lineal metres) of underway geophysical records collected since 1963. The
investigations and testing conducted by the Program Support Group, AGC, in collaboration with the Public Archives of Canada, indicated that the most cost-effective technique for distribution and for archiving such large volumes of irreplaceable data was to use microfilm. To maintain the continuous
nature of these records, which can be up to 30 metres in length, special equipment was required such as the Tameran 6000 continuous flow microfilm camera manufactured by Tameran Ltd. of Chagrin Falls, Ohio. All conversion of AGC's geophysical records using this camera was contracted to Manas Media
Ltd. of Ottawa, in consortium with Precision Microfilming Services of Halifax and Archimed Ltd. of Montreal. Operational filming began at the end of March 1987. A series of AGC cruise data will be released in 35 mm microfilm and distributed as Geological Survey of Canada Open File reports. Master
microfilm is curated for each AGC cruise at the National Archives, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia with duplicates available for viewing at the Data Management Section (PSS), Atlantic Geoscience Centre and at all Geological Survey of Canada libraries in Ottawa, Calgary and Vancouver.
A 35 mm Microfilm Compilation of Collected Analog Geophysical Data For AGC Cruise No. 84030, Labrador Sea
Authors: Sherin A G , Hardy I A , Merchant S , Beaver D E , Holt D , Cash M
Published: December 2011

The Atlantic Geoscience Centre (AGC) at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO) has investigated several methods ofreleasing to the public sector its massive collection (ofover 150,000 lineal metres) of underway geophysical records collected since 1963. The
investigations and testing conducted by the Program Support Group, AGC, in collaboration with the Public Archives of Canada, indicated that the most cost-effective technique for distribution and for archiving such large volumes of irreplaceable data was to use microfilm. To maintain the continuous
nature of these records, which can be up to 30 metres in length, special equipment was required such as the Tameran 6000 continuous flow microfilm camera manufactured by Tameran Ltd. of Chagrin Falls, Ohio. All conversion of AGC's geophysical records using this camera was contracted to Manas Media
Ltd. of Ottawa, in consortium with Precision Microfilming Services of Halifax and Archimed Ltd. of Montreal. Operational filming began at the end of March 1987. A series of AGC cruise data will be released in 35 mm microfilm and distributed as Geological Survey of Canada Open File reports. Master
microfilm is curated for each AGC cruise at the National Archives, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia with duplicates available for viewing at the Data Management Section (PSS), Atlantic Geoscience Centre and at all Geological Survey of Canada libraries in Ottawa, Calgary and Vancouver.