bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Opportunities to Regional Renewal in the European Union
Authors: Pontarollo Nicola , Serpieri Carolina
Published: June 2020

The strength of the 2008 financial and economic crisis and the resulting degree of resilience were heterogeneous among and within the European Union countries. Challenges and opportunities driven by regional-specific differences determined the ability to overshoot the precrisis levels of growth. Focusing upon Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS 2) European regions, we explore a novel conceptual framework related to regional economic resilience, namely the renewal capacity. Precisely, we concentrate on the capacity of regional economies to “renew” their growth paths in the labor market in the aftermath of the recent global crisis. We find some well-identified spatial patterns of regional employment renewal and we identify a set of territorial assets that allow regions to bounce back faster and more comprehensively than others to the economic downturn. Furthermore, there are significant differences between the drivers of the regional renewal of Old and New Member States. Our findings suggest potential policy directions at all levels for enhancing regional resilience.
SME response to major exogenous shocks: The bright and dark sides of business model pivoting
Authors: Morgan Todd , Anokhin Sergey , Ofstein Laurel , Friske Wesley
Published: June 2020

Within this short commentary, we explore the notion of pivoting; following major exogenous shocks, firms often contemplate business model pivoting where they change product or service offerings to capitalise on emerging opportunities. We assess the potential bright and dark sides of pivoting for new and existing firms in regard to quality of opportunities, fit with current capabilities and potential costs. The extant literature suggests that two forms of opportunities exist, arbitrage and innovation. We discern that post-shock, new firms may be better positioned to pursue arbitrage opportunities, whereas existing firms should target innovation. Existing firms may have more complications when pursuing arbitrage due to resource embeddedness and stakeholder obligations, and have a greater ability to innovate with an established resource base. Conversely, new firms can capitalise on arbitrage due to lack of embeddedness, as arbitrage requires a significant investment in opportunity selection. In addition, we offer suggestions for future research in regard to the current pandemic and more broadly, exogenous shocks.
Radiological assessment of secondary biliary tree lesions: an update
Authors: Granata Vincenza , Fusco Roberta , Setola Sergio Venanzio , Avallone Antonio , Palaia Raffaele , Grassi Roberto , Izzo Francesco , Petrillo Antonella
Published: June 2020

Objective

To conduct a systematic literature review of imaging techniques and findings in patients with peribiliary liver metastasis.

Methods

Several electronic datasets were searched from January 1990 to June 2017 to identify studies assessing the use of different imaging techniques for the detection and staging of peribiliary metastases.

Results

The search identified 44 studies, of which six met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is the technique of choice in the preoperative setting and during the follow-up of patients with liver tumors. However, the diagnostic performance of MDCT for the assessment of biliary tree neoplasms was low compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasound (US), without and with contrast enhancement (CEUS), is commonly employed as a first-line tool for evaluating focal liver lesions; however, the sensitivity and specificity of US and CEUS for both the detection and characterization are related to operator expertise and patient suitability. MRI has thus become the gold standard technique because of its ability to provide morphologic and functional data. MRI showed the best diagnostic performance for the detection of peribiliary metastases.

Conclusions

MRI should be considered the gold standard technique for the radiological assessment of secondary biliary tree lesions.
Diagnostic value of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lingli Xie , Qing Zhang , Wenfang Xia
Published: June 2020

Background

The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations are common for calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Unlike CKD, the key pathological change of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is glomerulosclerosis.

Methods

To conduct a meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of the CKD-EPI and MDRD equations in diabetic patients, we searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for studies comparing standard GFR (sGFR) with eGFR using these two equations.

Results

Thirteen studies of 7192 diabetic patients reporting data on bias or accuracy were included. At the study level, both equations underestimated eGFR. CKD-EPI was more accurate in studies with mean GFR ≥60 mL/minute/1.73 m2. At the individual level, both equations overestimated GFR by 6.38 mL/minute/1.73 m2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.67–10.1) and 7.65 mL/minute/1.73 m2 (95% CI 2.78–12.52), respectively, for sGFR < 90 mL/minute/1.73 m2. The CKD-EPI equation was 7.61% (95% CI 4.66–10.56) more accurate in subjects with sGFR > 90 mL/minute/1.73 m2. The CKD-EPI equation performed poorly in diabetic patients.

Conclusions

The CKD-EPI equation can be used to estimate GFR in patients with incipient DKD, but has drawbacks. Improved eGFR equations suitable for diabetic populations are needed.
Impact of lower limb muscle strength on walking function beyond aging and diabetes
Authors: Wu Ran , Zhang Yan , Bai Jiao-Jiao , Sun Jiao , Bao Zhi-Jun , Wang Zheng
Published: June 2020

Objective

This study was performed to investigate the influence of lower limb muscle strength on the walking function of advanced-age patients with diabetes.

Methods

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, data were collected from 202 advanced-age patients with diabetes. All patients completed questionnaires, the one-leg stance test, the timed up-and-go test, the 30-s sit-to-stand test, and plantar pressure platform measurements. The patients were divided in two groups according to their lower limb muscle strength: those with declining muscle strength and those with normal muscle strength.

Results

Walking function was significantly abnormal in the patients with declining lower limb muscle strength. The gait trajectories were abnormal, mainly with respect to a shortage of driving force.

Conclusion

The lower limb muscle strength can affect the static balance and dynamic balance in advanced-age patients with declining lower limb muscle strength.
Association between the 2D:4D ratio and schizophrenia
Authors: Han Yuanyuan , Deng Wei , Lei Wei , Lin Yin , Li Yinfei , Li Mingli , Li Tao
Published: June 2020

Objective

To investigate the potential association between the ratio of the second digit length to the fourth digit length (2D:4D) and schizophrenia, to provide evidence regarding the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Methods

In this study, we enrolled 843 patients with schizophrenia (387 men and 456 women), all of whom met the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), and 1050 normal healthy controls (477 men and 573 women). The digit lengths of both hands were measured in all subjects and the 2D:4D ratio was analyzed.

Results

In the healthy controls, the 2D:4D ratio was sexually dimorphic, with a larger value in women than in men. In addition, the 2D:4D ratio in the schizophrenia patients was significantly larger than in the healthy controls. The 2D:4D ratio of the right hand was more sexually dimorphic than the left hand. Furthermore, the difference in 2D:4D ratios between the male patients and male controls was significantly larger than in their female counterparts.

Conclusions

By analyzing the 2D:4D ratio and considering alternative factors related to schizophrenia, our findings support the hypothesis that there are abnormal cerebral conditions in schizophrenia patients.
Anterior Intercostal Artery Perforator Flap as a Simple Technique for Partial Breast Reconstruction: Our Institutional Initial Experience
Authors: Amira Maher R , Osman Ahmed Gamal Eldin , Fahmy K , Ebied Nouf M. , Eissa Reda
Published: June 2020

Background:

The oncoplastic surgery has brought new dimensions to breast conserving surgery and added the aesthetic principles of breast surgery to breast cancer management. Recently there's a lot of volume replacement techniques without significant donor site morbidity .The anterior intercostal artery perforator (AICAP) flap is a suitable option in partial breast reconstruction for lower pole tumors in small and medium sized breasts.

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to report our clinical experience with anterior intercostal perforator flap in partial breast reconstruction

Methodology:

25 cases were performed between April 2018 to June 2019 at in Ain shams university hospitals for selected patients with lower breast pole tumors with small and medium sized breast and other option like reduction mMDTmoplasty wasn't favorable for them.

Results:

A total of 25 patient were selected by the multidisplinary team at Ain shams university hospital for partial breast reconstruction with anterior intercostal artery perforator flap . The mean age of the cases was 45.68 with mean body mass index of 32.32. The mean operative time for the flap was 64 minutes while the hospital stay was ranging from 1-2 days .Follow-up for local recurrence was from 6 to 14 months. There was 1 case with wound complication (4%). The cosmetic outcome was assessed by the MDT and a giving score from 1-5 was used with 1 is the least favorable cosmetic outcome and 5 is the best result 76% of the cases scored 5, 14% scored 4, 8% scored 3. According to patient satisfaction a score from 1 to 5 was used with the score 1 is least satisfied and score 5 represents the most satisfaction level, there was 80% of the patient gave the score 5, 12% of the cases gave the score 4 and 8% of the cases gave the score 3

Conclusions:

Based on our experience, partial breast reconstruction using AICAP flap is a reliable option for lower breast tumors in small-to-moderate breast size with perfect cosmetic outcome and negligible rate of complication.
How Built Environment Impacts Online Car-Hailing Ridership
Authors: Bi Hui , Ye Zhirui , Wang Chao , Chen Enhui , Li Yiwu , Shao Xiaoming
Published: June 2020

Extensive research has shown that unilateral optimization of transit systems is not effective enough to significantly increase its transport efficiency. Considering that urban land-use characteristics, including residential, work, consumption, transit, and so forth, are significantly interrelated with travel demands and travel behaviors, this paper provides a way to optimize transit system by raising awareness of the relation between ridership and built environment. This paper adopted point of interest (POI) data to investigate the effect of physical built environment on online car-hailing ridership in Chengdu, China. The study area was tessellated with several Voronoi cells; these cells were further clustered into three ridership patterns based on the time-varying characteristic of ridership. Given that some differences existed in the three ridership patterns, a separate spatial ridership model was developed to understand the factors that influence ridership patterns using geographic weighted regression (GWR) analysis. The data and results verified that the built environment had various influences on online car-hailing alighting ridership in spatial and temporal dimensions, of which the significant POI factors for determining the ridership pattern during different periods were detected. Remarkably, this study took the ridership dataset from the online car-hailing transit system, mainly because the pick-up (PU) and drop-off (DO) locations generated by this service are closest to the origin and destination of the trip, except that it is more popular recently. Therefore, the analysis of the impact of built environment on travel based on the online car-hailing dataset can be captured in greater detail, with a higher degree of accuracy.
Evaluation of the Moisture Dependence of Concrete Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and Its Impacts on Thermal Deformations and Stresses of Concrete Pavements
Authors: Mateos Angel , Harvey John , Feldman Dulce Rufino , Wu Rongzong , Paniagua Julio , Paniagua Fabian
Published: June 2020

The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is one of the material properties of concrete that has the largest impact on rigid pavement performance. Concrete CTE is typically measured in the laboratory, under saturated conditions, or estimated on the basis of the mix constituents, past experience, or both. Whichever method is used, the mechanistic-empirical design of concrete pavements traditionally assumes a constant value for this material property. This assumption has important consequences in relation to predicting thermal deformations and stresses since the CTE of concrete actually changes with the concrete’s internal moisture conditions. The experimental data presented in this study show that this assumption, together with the way CTE is measured in the laboratory, leads to systematic underestimates of thermal deformations and stresses in concrete pavements. The experimental data come from six concrete overlays of asphalt pavements that were instrumented with thermocouples, relative humidity sensors, and vibrating wire strain gauges to measure the expansion/contraction and bending of the slabs because of temperature and moisture-related actions. The apparent CTE of the overlay slabs reached values up to 65% larger than the CTE measured in the laboratory under saturated conditions. Using finite element method modeling, it was determined that thermal stresses were up to 70% larger than predicted using the saturated CTE.
Incorporating Demographic Proportions into Crash Count Models by Quasi-Induced Exposure Method
Authors: Sharmin Sadia , Ivan John N. , Zhao Shanshan , Wang Kai , Hossain Md Julfiker , Ravishanker Nalini , Jackson Eric
Published: June 2020

Quasi-induced exposure (QIE) is an effective technique for estimating the exposure of a specific driving or vehicle population when real exposure data are not available. Typically crash prediction models are carried out at the site level, that is, segment or intersection. Driving population characteristics are generally not available at this level, however, and thus are omitted from count models. Because of the sparsity of traffic crashes, estimating driving population distributions at the site level using crash data at individual sites is challenging. This study proposes a technique to obtain demographic proportions to incorporate in the count models as an exposure at each site by aggregating similar adjacent sites until significant demographic proportions are obtained. Information on driver gender, age, and vehicle type are obtained by QIE using five years (2010–2014) of crash data; and road inventories are obtained for 1,264 urban four-lane divided highway segments in California. Count models including only site level factors were compared with models including both crash level and site level factors. The latter outperformed the former in relation to mean prediction bias and mean absolute deviation statistics on holdout sample predictions. Results indicate that teen drivers are more crash prone in total and in fatal plus injury severity crashes. For senior drivers, crash risk increases with the increase in severity level. The presence of vehicles other than passenger cars and trucks reduces total and property damage only crash counts. Female drivers are associated with higher total and fatal plus injury crash counts.
Sanitary landfill site selection using multi-criteria decision analysis and analytical hierarchy process: A case study in Azuay province, Ecuador
Authors: Cobos Mora Sandra Lucía , Solano Peláez José Luis
Published: June 2020

Despite environmental regulations in Ecuador, particularly in the Province of Azuay, the solid waste final disposal management is still a socio-environmental problem, worsened by weak governance processes. The province has three sanitary landfills with almost expired service lives. The site selection was based on circumstantial reasons, which makes landfills more likely to cause environmental pollution and, therefore, have negative implications for public health. The largest landfill serves Cuenca and also leases service to other small cities. The remaining two are small and, accordingly, have limited technology and fewer resources. In this context, the main aim of this study is to evaluate the terrain of the province to find the most suitable area for landfill siting. A multi-criteria decision analysis, integrated with a geographical information system and analytical hierarchy process methodology, was conducted. Fourteen factors and seven constraints were simultaneously analysed, divided into technical, environmental, social, and economic categories; 15 of these criteria were from the Ecuadorian Unified Text of the Secondary Legislation of the Environmental Ministry. According to the results, 76.17% of the territory is not suitable for landfill implementation, and the unrestricted area represents the remaining 23.83%. The highest landfill suitability index (70–81%) is located in the south of the province in Santa Isabel, Oña, and Nabón cantons, which are dry and clay-rich areas.
Low-cost biodiesel production using waste oil and catalyst
Authors: Talavari Raheleh , Hosseini Shokoufe , Moradi GR
Published: June 2020

With the production of renewable biofuels, concerns about the end of fossil fuels have been partially eliminated. On the other hand, the utilization of low-cost and waste materials to provide the raw essential substances to manufacture these fuels is of paramount importance. Biodiesel is one of these fuels and the required raw materials for the reaction are oil (triglycerides), alcohol and catalyst. In this work, travertine stone powder (as waste in the manufacture of building materials) was used as a catalyst and waste frying oil as a source of triglyceride for biodiesel production. Using thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction analysis, optimum temperature for catalyst calcination was selected at 900°C. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed. Using the design of experiments Response Surface Methodology, the optimum reaction conditions for biodiesel production yield of 97.74% were: reaction temperature 59.52°C (~60°C), time 3.8 h (228 min), catalyst concentration 1.36 wt.% and the methanol to oil molar ratio of 11:6. After reusing four times, the catalyst efficiency was reduced a little, and the biodiesel yield was 89.84%, indicating high strength and stability of the catalyst.
Predictors of Family Engagement in Child Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Screening Following Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Stylianou Amanda M. , Nikolova Kristina , Ebright Elizabeth , Rodriguez Arisly
Published: June 2020

Children’s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) has numerous negative short- and long-term impacts on children’s development, mental health, physical health, and adult functioning. While community-based organizations have an array of interventions aimed to increase survivor safety and prevent the development of, or treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), many families experiencing IPV never enter the doors of community-based organizations. To address this gap, there is an increasing number of partnerships between community-based organizations and first responders to increase support to families experiencing IPV. The Child Trauma Response Team (CTRT) is an innovative model that provides a coordinated, immediate, trauma-informed, and interdisciplinary response to families exposed to IPV. Given the lack of research on coordinated community interventions, the research questions for this study were as follows: (a) What are the family sociodemographic factors, crime factors, and program services most associated with family engagement in child PTSD screening following exposure to IPV? (b) What are the family sociodemographic factors and crime factors most associated with children screening positive for PTSD following exposure to IPV? The data for this study consist of 244 families with 352 children identified by the pilot CTRT. The results of this study suggest that a collaborative intervention designed to address caregiver and children’s safety and well-being after a police-reported IPV incident is a promising model. Overall, more than 70% of children identified by the CTRT team completed a child PTSD screen, and 74.3% of children who completed the screens were screened positive for PTSD. The safety assessment service provided by the CTRT team was a predictor of the families’ engagement in child PTSD screens. This is a critical finding and suggests the importance of developing program models that comprehensively address the needs of caregivers and children exposed to IPV.
Stalking Behaviors Presented by Ex-Intimate Stalkers: A Victim’s Perspective
Authors: White Eleanor , Longpré Nicholas , Stefanska Ewa B.
Published: June 2020

Stalking can be defined as a pattern of repeated, unwanted behaviors by one person to another. These behaviors may take the form of communicative intrusion, third-party contact, and physical or sexual assault. The individual stalking behaviors experienced by victims have been found to differ in every case, specifically dependent on their stalker–victim relationship. Recent tragedies have shown that the police force generally underestimates the risk of ex-intimate stalking and harassment behaviors. This study aims to identify patterns of stalking behaviors from a victim’s perspective, specifically, whether there are any patterns of behavior among the ex-intimate stalkers, in comparison with acquaintance or stranger stalkers. Information from the accounts of individuals who had reported unwanted experiences as a result of one of three stalker–victim relationships (ex-intimate, acquaintance, or stranger) was extracted from the National Stalking Helpline database. Analyses were conducted on a sample of 1,626 victims’ reports. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple logistic regressions were conducted to establish any common patterns of behavior among the subgroups of stalkers and to ascertain which behaviors increased the odds of being categorized as an ex-intimate stalker. Results indicated that ex-intimate stalkers presented considerably more behaviors than acquaintance or stranger stalkers; some of which included third-party contact, criminal damage, physical assault, and sexual assault. Results also indicated that ex-intimate stalkers presented more severe behaviors than the other subgroups. The majority of stalking behaviors were found to produce a statistically significant predictive contribution to being classed as an ex-intimate stalker. The findings in this study highlight that common misconception surrounding ex-intimate stalking still exists at every level of the Criminal Justice System. Results and implications for future research are discussed.
Learning Together: Teachers’ Evolving Understanding of Coordinated Word Study Instruction Within an RTI Framework
Authors: Benedict Amber E. , Brownell Mary , Bettini Elizabeth , Sohn Hyojong
Published: June 2020

Despite evidence that tiered instruction within response to intervention (RTI) frameworks is important for students with reading difficulties, no complementary professional development (PD) research demonstrates how teachers can develop knowledge necessary to implement coordinated evidence-based instruction across instructional tiers. One promising PD approach combines lesson study (LS) with content-focused PD sessions; PD sessions introduce teachers to new knowledge, while LS supports teachers in integrating knowledge into their instructional repertoires. We used grounded theory methods to investigate how teams of upper elementary teachers’ ( n = 7) understandings of coordinated, tiered reading instruction changed through participation in Project InSync, a year-long PD consisting of content-focused PD workshops and LS cycles. Results indicate that, through interactions during LS sessions, teachers developed more sophisticated and integrated understandings of word study content, pedagogical practices, students’ struggles with literacy, and coordinating instruction across instructional tiers. Results have implications for teacher PD within RTI frameworks.
The Matrix of Gendered Islamophobia: Muslim Women’s Repression and Resistance
Authors: Alimahomed-Wilson Sabrina
Published: June 2020

Drawing on 75 semi-structured qualitative interviews with Arab, South Asian, and Black Muslim women social justice activists, ages 18–30 years, organizing in the United States and the United Kingdom, I theorize their experiences as the basis of the matrix of gendered Islamophobia. Building upon Jasmine Zine’s concept of gendered Islamophobia, I synthesize this concept with Patricia Hill Collins’s theory of the matrix of domination to give a more in-depth and nuanced structure of how gendered Islamophobia operates and is resisted by Muslim women activists. This article identifies the overlapping configurations of power that affect Muslim women’s lives through structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, and interpersonal domains, countering reductionist accounts of Islamophobia as a universalized, unvariegated social force impacting all Muslims in similar ways (thereby privileging Muslim men’s experiences and subjectivities while contributing to the erasure of Muslim women’s agency). Instead, the matrix of gendered Islamophobia locates Islamophobia within shifting axes of oppression that are simultaneously structured along the lines of gender, race, class, sexuality, and citizenship. The findings of this research reveal a dialectical relationship between Muslim women’s oppression and simultaneous contestation of gendered Islamophobia via their collective remaking of alternative ideas, politics, discourses, and organizing practices.
Open peer commentaries in Theory & Psychology
Authors: O’Doherty Kieran C.
Published: June 2020

In this issue, Theory & Psychology is trialing a new format for engaging readers and contributors to the journal. In particular, we designated a target article for which we solicited open peer commentaries. Open peer commentaries should reflect engagement from diverse perspectives with the key themes and arguments of the target paper. Future calls for open peer commentaries will focus on different topics. Authors interested in writing commentaries should ensure that they are familiar with the research literature on the topic before submitting proposals.
Reconfiguring health knowledges? Contemporary modes of self-care as ‘everyday fringe medicine’
Authors: Vuolanto Pia , Bergroth Harley , Nurmi Johanna , Salmenniemi Suvi
Published: June 2020

The contestation of expertise is perhaps nowhere more pronounced than in the field of health and well-being, on which this article focuses. A multitude of practices and communities that stand in contentious relationships with established forms of medical expertise and promote personalised modes of self-care have proliferated across Euro-American societies. Drawing on multi-sited ethnography in three domains – body–mind–spirit therapies, vaccine hesitancy and consumer-grade digital self-tracking – we map such practices through the concept of ‘everyday fringe medicine’. The concept of everyday fringe medicine enables us to bring together various critical health and well-being practices and to unravel the complex modes of contestation and appreciation of the medical establishment that are articulated within them. We find three critiques of the medical establishment – critiques of medical knowledge production, professional practices and the knowledge base – which make visible the complexities related to public understandings of science within everyday fringe medicine.
Experimental and statistical free vibration analyses of laminated composite beams with functionally graded fiber orientation angles
Authors: Evran Savaş
Published: June 2020

In this experimental and statistical study, free vibration behavior of laminated composite beams with functionally graded fiber orientation angles was investigated under clamped-free boundary conditions. The beams were manufactured using E-glass/epoxy. Fiber orientation angles of the beams were analyzed based on Taguchi’s L9 (33) orthogonal array. The effect of fiber orientation angles and beams with optimum levels were assessed using analysis of signal-to-noise ratio. Significant laminates of the beams and their percent contributions on the free vibration responses were obtained using analysis of variance. According to this study, the increase of fiber orientation angle from 0° to 80° causes a decrease in the fundamental frequency behavior of laminated composite beams. The most effective control factors were found to be the first and the second laminates symbolized as L1 with 85.86% contribution, the third and the fourth laminates symbolized as L2 with 12.29% contribution, the fifth and the sixth laminates symbolized as L3 with 1.84% contribution, respectively. This study can be used as a reference for free vibration analysis of cantilever laminated composite beams made of functionally graded fiber orientation angles as experimentally and statistically.
High School Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Perceptions of School Climate
Authors: Gage Nicholas A. , Kramer Dennis A. , Ellis Kaci
Published: June 2020

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs), particularly those in high school, present myriad challenges for educators. Although research suggests that students with EBDs experience schooling differently than their peers, few studies have examined differences in perceptions of school climate. School climate is a multidimensional construct consisting of students’ perceptions of physical and social school environments. To address this gap, we leveraged school climate data from more than 350,000 high school students, including more than 5,000 with or at risk for EBDs, in Georgia. We estimated a series of multilevel models and found that students with or at risk for EBDs consistently report more negative perceptions of school climate than their peers across all school climate domains. We also examined whether individualized education program (IEP) services affected perceptions for students with EBDs, finding more positive perceptions for some domains for students with IEP services for EBDs compared with students with EBDs, but no IEP services. Implications and limitations are then discussed.
The Last Glance: How Aesthetic Observation of Corpses Facilitates Detachment in Grief Work
Authors: Testoni Ines , Zielo Alessia , Schiavo Chiara , Iacona Erika
Published: June 2020

Following a ritual perspective, the paper identifies a new form of ritual concerning the corpse, which could facilitate separation and allow the living to look at the deceased without disgust. In order to explore the effect of thanato-aesthetic interventions, the experience of the last glance of the bereaved at their deceased loved ones was analyzed. Twenty interviews were performed in three morgues, and thematic analysis was utilized. The aim was to illustrate how post-mortem grief may be affected by aesthetic manipulation of the corpse and ways in which the bereaved relocate their beloveds. The fundamental hypothesis is that the facilitation of concrete contact with the corpse may assist mourners to detach from the deceased. From the qualitative analysis, three areas of meaning prevalence emerged: Kübler-Ross phases of grief work and the conspiracy of silence; immortality and continuing bonds; and the effects of thanato-aesthetic interventions.
How 360-Degree Video Influences Content Perceptions and Environmental Behavior: The Moderating Effect of Environmental Self-Efficacy
Authors: Oh Jeeyun , Sudarshan Sabitha , Jin Eunjoo , Nah Soya , Yu Na
Published: June 2020

Whereas the positive impact of 360-degree video on user experience has been demonstrated, its persuasive potentials have not been fully investigated. A lab experiment compared proenvironmental 360-degree videos and unidirectional videos in their persuasive effectiveness. Environmental self-efficacy, the degree to which individuals believe that they can influence the outcomes associated with global warming, has been proposed as a moderator. In a lab experiment ( N = 76), higher environmental self-efficacy participants perceived the same video content as more fun and credible while using the 360-degree feature. They also displayed higher intentions to protect the environment after interacting with the 360-degree videos.
Perioperative Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Lower Extremity Fractures: An Observational Study
Authors: Zhang Bin-Fei , Wang Peng-Fei , Fei Chen , Shang Kun , Qu Shuang-Wei , Li Jia-Hao , Ke Chao , Xu Xin , Yang Kun , Liu Ping , Zhuang Yan , Zhang Kun
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to investigate deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with lower extremity fractures who received anticoagulation treatment in the perioperative stage. We collected the patients’ clinical data and diagnosed DVT using Doppler ultrasonography. Preoperative, postoperative, and 1-month postoperative examinations were performed. The patients were divided into thrombosis and non-thrombosis groups according to ultrasonographic findings. A total of 404 patients were included in the study. The preoperative, postoperative, and 1-month postoperative incidence rates were, respectively, 35%, 55%, and 40% for DVT and 12%, 22%, and 20% for DVT in the uninjured contralateral lower extremity. The incidence of perioperative DVT decreased over time from 223 (55%) to 161 (40%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the independent risk factors for preoperative that of DVT were age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04; P = .000); postoperative that of DVT were age (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03-1.05; P = .000), blood loss (OR: 1.001; 95% CI: 1.000-1.002; P = .018), and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.16-3.72; P = .014); and 1-month postoperative that of DVT were age (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03-1.07; P = .000), respectively. In conclusion, the incidence of perioperative DVT decreased over time in patients who received anticoagulation treatment. Age was an important risk factor for perioperative DVT.
The Politics and Poetics of “Fieldnotes”: Decolonizing Ethnographic Knowing
Authors: Dutta Urmitapa
Published: June 2020

In this article, I present insurgent poetry as a way to decolonize ethnographic knowing. I argue that insurgent poetry tethered to grassroots struggles represents a critical site for decolonizing relationships in activist ethnography. My activist ethnographic work takes place alongside, and in solidarity with Miya communities in Northeast India, who have been disenfranchised and face persecution and statelessness. Presenting poems that effervesced in relation to “fieldwork,” I theorize poetry as a decolonial enactment: a form of witnessing that resists a disciplining colonial gaze and creates possibilities for decolonial onto-epistemic rupture/reorientation; in doing so, allowing for radical relationality and reciprocal knowing.
“Nature Cannot Be Fooled”: A Dual-Equilibrium Simulation of Climate Change
Authors: Sunny Sanwar A.
Published: June 2020

Although organizational scholars and social scientists have recently called for the integration of the natural environment into management theories, natural scientists have long espoused integrative frameworks. Gottfried Leibniz, the founder of differential calculus, sought integration long before the industrial revolution and Ludwig Boltzmann, the pioneer of statistical mechanics, before the oil boom. Alfred Lotka formalized this notion long before the financial crisis of 1933, while Howard Odum extended it before the oil crisis of 1973. In this essay, and accompanying simulation, I summarize and visualize how the laws of thermodynamics are independently insufficient yet jointly necessary alongside market economics to address the pressing problem of global climate change.
“Stop Doing That!”: Effects of Teacher Reprimands on Student Disruptive Behavior and Engagement
Authors: Caldarella Paul , Larsen Ross A. A. , Williams Leslie , Wills Howard P. , Wehby Joseph H.
Published: June 2020

Many teachers resort to using reprimands in attempts to stop disruptive student behavior, particularly by students with emotional or behavioral problems, although this may not be effective. This study examined short-term longitudinal data on teacher reprimands of 149 teachers in 19 different elementary schools across three states, as well as disruptive behavior and classroom engagement of 311 students considered at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. A cross-lag analysis showed that teacher reprimands did not decrease students’ future disruptive behavior or increase their engagement or vice versa. While teacher reprimands may suppress misbehavior momentarily, they do not appear to be effective in decreasing students’ disruptive behavior or increasing their engagement over time. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Creating percutaneous radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas at the wrist
Authors: Mallios Alexandros , Nelson Peter R , Franco Gilbert , Jennings William C
Published: June 2020

Background:

The first arteriovenous fistulas were created at the wrist more than 60 years ago. Basic surgical construction techniques remain unchanged with mobilization and repositioning of the vessels followed by a sutured anastomosis. We used the Ellipsys device to construct percutaneous radiocephalic–arteriovenous fistulas at the wrist and report the results.

Methods:

Data were reviewed retrospectively for all patients who had a percutaneous radiocephalic–arteriovenous fistula created during a 6-month period. Each individual underwent ultrasound vessel mapping in addition to physical examination. When a radiocephalic–arteriovenous fistula was feasible and a communicating vein ⩾ 2 mm in diameter was noted in the distal forearm along with a radial artery ⩾ 2 mm, a percutaneous radiocephalic–arteriovenous fistula was considered and reviewed with the patient.

Results:

Four individuals met the criteria to consider a percutaneous radiocephalic–arteriovenous fistula and all elected to have the procedure performed. Ages were 54–85 years. Three were diabetic and one was female. All percutaneous radiocephalic–arteriovenous fistulas were technically successful. Two individuals had not yet started dialysis therapy. Successful and repetitive cannulation for the two individuals with catheters was initiated at 4 and 8 weeks post procedure. The two pre-dialysis patients had physiologic arteriovenous fistula maturation (6 mm vein diameter and >500 mL/min flow) at 4 and 12 weeks. There were no procedural or late complications and none required intervention. Follow-up was 8–23 months (mean 16 months).

Conclusion:

The success of these percutaneous radiocephalic–arteriovenous fistulas suggests that use of the Ellipsys device will be applicable at the wrist in selected patients where appropriate vessel sizes and configurations are found.
Efficacy and safety associated with the use of the Surfacer® Inside-Out® Access Catheter System: Results from a prospective, multicenter Food and Drug Administration–approved Investigational Device Exemption study
Authors: Razavi Mahmood K , Peden Eric K , Sorial Ehab , Ross John R , Aruny John E , Pflederer Timothy A , Wasse Haimanot , Haskal Ziv J
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

Thoracic central venous obstruction is commonly associated with the use of central venous catheters. The Surfacer System to Facilitate Access in Venous Occlusions Study was an Food and Drug Administration–approved US Investigational Device Exemption study designed to evaluate the performance and safety of the Surfacer System when used to facilitate central venous access in patients with thoracic central venous obstruction.

Methods:

Thirty patients were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter, single-arm study between December 2017 and May 2019. Device performance and adverse events were collected peri-procedurally and at discharge. Enrollment included 15 female and 15 male subjects with a mean age of 55.5 ± 12.9 (range: 30–79) years. Twenty-eight patients (93.3%) required central venous access for hemodialysis access. Locations of thoracic central venous obstruction were graded from 1 to 4 based on severity and extension of venous occlusions. Seven patients (23.3%) had type 1, 6 (20.0%) type 2, 16 (53.3%) type 3, and 1 (3.3%) type 4 obstruction.

Results:

Successful central venous catheter placement was achieved in 27 of 30 patients (90.0%). The procedure was discontinued in three (10.0%) due to tortuous anatomy discovered intraprocedurally. All 27 patients with successful CVC placement achieved adequate catheter patency and tip positioning with a mean overall procedural time and time to achieve central venous access with the Surfacer System being 44.1 ± 30.6 and 19.1 ± 25.1 min, respectively. There were no device-related adverse events or catheter malposition.

Conclusion:

The results of the SAVEUS Study confirm the safety and efficacy of the Surfacer System and the Inside-Out procedure when used for the placement of right-sided central venous access in patients with thoracic central venous obstruction.
Procedural competency for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheter insertion for nurses in a pediatric emergency department
Authors: Blick Carly , Vinograd Alexandra , Chung Jamie , Nguyen Elizabeth , Abbadessa Mary Kate F , Gaines Shannon , Chen Aaron
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

To evaluate if nurses can reliably perform ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheter placement in children with a high success rate after an initial training period. A secondary aim was to analyze complication rates of ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheters.

Methods:

A database recorded all ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheter encounters in the emergency department from November 2013 to April 2019 including the emergency department nurse attempting placement, number of attempts, and whether it was successful. Patient electronic medical records were reviewed for the time of and reason for intravenous removal. The probabilities of first-attempt successful intravenous placement and complication at successive encounters after an initial training period were calculated. These probabilities were plotted versus encounter number to graph best-fit logarithmic regressions.

Results:

A total of 83 nurses completed a standardized training program in ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheter placement including 10 supervised ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheter placements. In total, 87% (3513/4053) of the ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheter placed after the training program were successful on the first attempt. The probability of successfully placing an ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheter increased as nurses had more experience placing ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheters (R2 = 0.18) and was 83% at 10 encounters. Twenty-five percent (904/3646) of ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheters had complications, and there was no statistically significant relationship between the number of encounters per nurse and complication rates (R2 < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Nurses can reliably place ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheters at a high success rate after an initial training period. First-attempt success rates were high and increased from 67% to 83% for the first 10 unsupervised encounters after training and remained high. The complication rate was low and did not change as nurses gained more experience.
Potential Role of Neuroactive Tryptophan Metabolites in Central Fatigue: Establishment of the Fatigue Circuit
Authors: Yamashita Masatoshi
Published: June 2020

Central fatigue leads to reduced ability to perform mental tasks, disrupted social life, and impaired brain functions from childhood to old age. Regarding the neurochemical mechanism, neuroactive tryptophan metabolites are thought to play key roles in central fatigue. Previous studies have supported the “tryptophan-serotonin enhancement hypothesis” in which tryptophan uptake into extensive brain regions enhances serotonin production in the rat model of exercise-induced fatigue. However, serotonin was transiently released after 30 minutes of treadmill running to exhaustion, but this did not reflect the duration of fatigue. In addition, as the vast majority of tryptophan is metabolized along the kynurenine pathway, possible involvement of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the mechanism of central fatigue induction has been pointed out. More recently, our study demonstrated that uptake of tryptophan and kynurenine derived from the peripheral circulation into the brain enhances kynurenic acid production in rat brain in sleep deprivation–induced central fatigue, but without change in serotonin activity. In particular, dynamic change in glial-neuronal interactive processes within the hypothalamus-hippocampal circuit causes central fatigue. Furthermore, increased tryptophan-kynurenine pathway activity in this circuit causes reduced memory function. This indicates a major potential role for the endogenous tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in central fatigue, which supports the “tryptophan-kynurenine enhancement hypothesis.” Here, we review research on the basic neuronal mechanism underlying central fatigue induced by neuroactive tryptophan metabolites. Notably, these basic findings could contribute to our understanding of latent mental problems associated with central fatigue.
Prevalence and Incidence of Drug-Resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Qatar
Authors: Mesraoua Boulenouar , Deleu Dirk , Al Hail Hassan J , Melikyan Gayane , Abdalhalim Ali Musab , Haddad Naim , Mohamed Ali Yasir Osman , Elsheikh Lubna , Ayyad Ali , Perkins Jon , Palomo Gonzalo Alarcon , Asadi-Pooya Ali A
Published: June 2020

Background:

Information on the epidemiology of temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) from Qatar and the developing countries is scarce. To acquire knowledge on the incidence and prevalence of drug-resistant TLE-HS in Qatar, we designed this analytical and extrapolative systematic review of the existing literature.

Material and methods:

We searched the electronic database PubMed from 1947 until April, 2018, using the following search terms in the title: “epilepsy” OR “temporal lobe” OR “hippocampal sclerosis” AND “epidemiology” OR “incidence” OR “prevalence.” Relevant original studies, reviews, and their references, were included. We extrapolated from the previous international literature to estimate the epidemiology of drug-resistant TLE-HS in Qatar.

Results:

The estimated Qatar incidence of epilepsy varies from 50 to 61 per 100 000 persons per year, and the estimated prevalence of epilepsy is 6.54 per 1000 population; the estimated incidence of TLE varies from 9.5 to 11.6 patients per 100 000 population per year and the estimated prevalence of TLE is 1.76 patients per 1000 people, with 4721 patients having TLE in Qatar. Finally, the reviewed studies also helped in making an estimate of the Qatar prevalence of drug-resistant TLE-HS to be between 0.3 and 0.6 cases per 1000 people (804-1609 current patients) and the Qatar incidence of drug-resistant TLE-HS (2.3-4.3 cases per 100 000 people, per year) with 62 to 116 new patients per year.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that 804 to 1609 current patients (with 62-116 additional patients per year) in Qatar are suffering from drug-resistant TLE-HS; emphasis should be placed on the surgical aspect of the current Qatar Comprehensive Epilepsy Program.