bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A nomogram to predict life-threatening hemoptysis in patients with tuberculous hemoptysis
Authors: pengfei; zhu , Yu Guocan , Fang Likui , Yu Wenfeng , Zhong Fangming , Xu Li , Lou Xinjie , Ye Bo
Published: March 2023

Objectives
We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting life-threatening hemoptysis (LTH) in patients with tuberculous hemoptysis.
Methods
Patients diagnosed and treated for tuberculous hemoptysis at our hospital during January 2018–December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariable and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for LTH in patients with tuberculous hemoptysis. A predictive nomogram was developed to predict the risk of LTH in the participants. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the nomogram. The bootstrapping method was used for internal validation.
Results
Data from 444 patients were analyzed. Hematocrit (P = 0.005, odds ratio [OR]: 0.912, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.854–0.972), hemoptysis amount (P < 0.01, OR: 1.005, 95% CI: 1.002–1.007), and lung destruction (P < 0.01, OR: 0.221, 95% CI: 0.099–0.49) were identified as risk factors for LTH. Notably, 50% LTH rate was used as the cut-off to validate the nomogram model. Area under the ROC curve for the nomogram was 0.814 (95% CI: 0.82–0.963). The sensitivity and specificity of the nomogram were 90.1% and 62.5%, respectively. Calibration curve indicated good consistency between the risk predicted using the model and the actual risk. The prediction error was low (integrated Brier score: 0.057). The Hosmer–Lemeshow test yielded a nonsignifcant P-value of 0.634. DCA indicated that the nomogram can be an effective diagnostic tool for predicting LTH.
Conclusions
The preliminary nomogram could help predict LTH; thus, appropriate decisions can be made to gain more time for patients’ treatment.
The intersecting impact of mining operations and climate change on sustainable livelihoods at the extraction frontiers of Ghana
Authors: Lariba Pakmoni , Udimal Thomas Bilaliib , Hussein Mansuur , Alorzuke Emmanuel
Published: March 2023

Mining operations in developing countries are situated within complex ecological and social dynamics and are exacerbated by the multiplier effects of climate change. This paper explores the intersecting impact of mining activities and climate change, mediated by the politics of power on the rural livelihoods and the environment. Applying the qualitative research approach using focus group discussion, interviews, and document reviews. The results show that a) the impacts of mining exploitation and climate change intersect and manifest in altering the dynamics of the environment and ecosystems, resulting in adverse societal outcomes; b) the expansion of mining operations is determined by power politics and the search for resource rent and profits. This extraction process continues with little regard for rural livelihoods and good environmental stewardship. This paper argues that if the conjoint impact of mining activities with climate change threats is not handled well, it may reconfigure rural livelihood portfolios in extraction enclaves. Thus, creating a new site for struggle and contestation over resources never seen before in resource-rich countries of Africa. This paper contends that it is possible to conceptualize a sustainable mining pathway that mitigates the "multiplier threat " of climate change and mining activities on rural populations and the environment.
Lake Breeze of Small Lakes in North-East Germany in COSMO-CLM simulations with non-diffusive dynamics and numerics
Authors: Will Andreas , Gupta Palash , Trachte Katja
Published: March 2023

We present results of analysis of simulated Lake Breeze (LB) and Land-Lake Wind (LLW) at M¨uritz Lake (100km2) and Lausitz Ostsee (22km2) in North East Germany in a series of 1 km Regional Climate Simulations (RCS) with COSMO-CLM 5.0-HOS over North-East Germany in 2006 and 2010 and discuss the requirements of modelling. We demonstrate the ability of the model to simulate LB and LLW in a physically consistent way. Best resuls are obtained for non-diffusive dynamics and numerics, no convection parameterisation and oppropriate turbulence parameterisation simulates LB and LLW at highest efficiency with respect to forcing. Higher surface heat flux or weaker horizontal and/or vertical turbulence parameterisation decrease the efficiency of generation of the phenomena. Numerical diffusion disturbes the dynamics and reduces the intensity and frequency of LB and LLW by approximately 50%. Each day of the year is associated with Small Scale Variability (SV) or Ekman Spiral (ES) regime (70-85% of days), dominated by processes independent on the land-lake contrast, or Convecitve Instability regime (15-30% of the days), characterised by relatively high ∆rΘ ≥ 10◦ and ∆rT2m > 2K values. Lake Breeze (LB) and Land-Lake Wind (LLW) regimes are found at lake locations only at 50% of days in Convective Instability regime The LLW regime (3-5% of days) at M¨uritz Lake exhibits the theoretically expected typical 10m wind direction change ∆rΘ ≃ 90◦ and 2m temperature difference between land and lake of 6.9 K. We found a limitation of ∆rT2m ∼ −0.2vg for geostrophic wind vg ≥ 6m/s and an exponential increase of ∆rΘ ∼ exp(∆rT2m) with 2m temperature difference in all regimes.
Ultrasonic Identification of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Frozen Shoulder
Authors: LIU CHENGWEI , YAN TINGTING , SUN WEIQI , REN YANXIA , SONG DANDAN , ZHOU XINWEI , XU HONGWEI , YE QIAO
Published: March 2023

Objective/Background: Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) shoulder involvement and frozen shoulder (FS) are two diseases with similar clinical features. In this study, the shoulder joint ultrasound of patients with PMR and FS was analysed to explore the differential diagnosis of the two ultrasound imaging problems.
Methods: PMR patients diagnosed from July 2020 to April 2022 were reviewed, and a 1:1 case‒control study was conducted with FS patients diagnosed simultaneously according to their age±3 years.
Results: The eligible samples were finally screened from 169 PMR patients and matched 1:1 from 367 FS patients according to their age ±3 years. Finally, 23 groups of patients were included, and a total of 92 shoulder joints were analysed. There were 34 females (73.91%) and 12 males (26.09%), with a mean age at inclusion of 70 [63.25, 75] years. There were significant differences in sex (P=0.017), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) between the two groups. Ultrasonographic characteristics showed that the incidence of subacromial-subdeltoid (SASD) bursitis (P =0.009) in PMR patients was significantly increased. Glenohumeral (GH) synovitis was more common in FS patients (P=0.013). Axillary pouch thickness had a certain advantage in the diagnosis of FS, but not PMR, with an area under the AUC of 0.827 (P < 0.001). The cut-off value was 2.85 mm, the diagnostic sensitivity was 82.61%, and the diagnostic specificity was 78.26%.
Conclusions: There were some differential differences in the ultrasound features of PMR and FS. These results may provide valuable clues for the differential diagnosis.
Clustering Algorithm Based on Dual-Index Nearest Neighbor Similarity Measure and Its Application in Gene Expression Data Analysis
Authors: li zongjin , song ChangXin , Yang Jiyu , Jia Zeyu , Yan Chengying , Tian Liqin , Wu Xiaoming
Published: March 2023

Background The critical step in analyzing gene expression data is to divide genes into co-expression modules using module detection methods. Clustering algorithms are the most commonly employed technique for gene module detection. To obtain gene modules with great biological significance, the choice of an appropriate similarity measure methodology is vital. However, commonly used similarity measurement may not fully capture the complexities of biological systems. Hence, exploring more informative similarity measures before partitioning gene co-expression modules remains important. Results In this paper, we proposed a Dual-Index Nearest Neighbor Similarity Measure (DINNSM) algorithm to address the above issue. The algorithm first calculates the similarity matrix between genes using Pearson correlation or Spearman correlation. Then, nearest neighbor measurements are constructed based on the similarity matrix. Finally, the similarity matrix is reconstructed. We tested the six similarity measurement methods (Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, Euclidean distance, maximum information coefficient, distance correlation, and DINNSM) by using four clustering algorithms: K-means, Hierarchical, FCM, and WGCNA on three independent gene expression datasets. The cluster evaluation was based on four indices: the Silhouette index, Calinski-Harabaz index, Adjust-Biological homogeneity index, and Davies-Bouldin index. The results showed that DINNSM is accurate and can get biologically meaningful gene co-expression modules. Conclusions DINNSM is better at revealing the complex biological relationships between genes and helps to obtain more accurate and biologically meaningful gene co-expression modules.
ICG fluorescence in restorative proctocolectomy with ileal J-pouch anal anastomosis after mesenteric lengthening: go green or go home.
Authors: Ghignone Federico , Pasini Francesco , Taffurelli Giovanni , Zattoni Davide , Mazzotti Federico , Frascaroli Giacomo , Ugolini Giampaolo , Montroni Isacco
Published: March 2023

Purpose
Restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is a challenging procedure. Anastomotic leak and intraoperative pouch abandonment are among the most feared complications and could both be related to inadequate pouch perfusion, especially after lengthening maneuvers. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIR-FI) has been used as a confirmatory technology to assess bowel viability before anastomosis creation. The aim of this article was to present a case series in which NIR-FI was used to reveal an adequate blood supply to macroscopically hypoperfused ileal pouches.
Methods
This was a retrospective report of prospectively recorded outcomes of patients who underwent pouch creation and experienced intraoperative hypoperfusion after elongation maneuvers, requiring NIR-FI in order to avoid pouch abandonment.
Results
Thirty patients underwent RPC and IPAA between 2018–2021; six patients presented with intraoperative macroscopic ileal hypoperfusion after elongation maneuvers; however, following NIR-FI assessment, they successfully underwent pouch creation with minor postoperative complications. After both pouchoscopy and a pouchgram, all patients underwent ileostomy closure within 3 months from the index surgery. Nine months after the pouch creation, no complications were observed, and all patients reported a satisfactory quality of life.
Conclusions
This small series showed the utility of NIR-FI technology not just as a confirmatory tool but also as a determinant in the case of macroscopic hypoperfusion allowing surgeons to have a better understanding of the blood supply and to avoid pouch abandonment.
Aptamer-based Colorimetric and Lateral Flow Chromatographic Strip detection of Aflatoxin B 1 in corn Samples
Authors: wang yafang , Song Ziyao , Zhao Zhan , Ren Wenjie , He Baoshan
Published: March 2023

In this paper, gold nanoparticles were combined with aflatoxin B1-aptamer as a single probe via the specific binding between aflatoxinB1 with aptamer, designing a colorimetric detection method. Meanwhile, a chromatographic strip with gold nanoparticles modified by complementary chains of aflatoxin B1 aptamer as the probe was developed for rapid detection of aflatoxin B1. Under the optimal conditions, the linear detection range of the colorimetric method was 0.5–50 ng/mL, the minimum detection limit was 0.5 ng/mL, the detection range of the chromatographic strip was 0.5–500 ng/mL, the minimum detection limit was 0.5 ng/ mL, and the semi-quantitative limit of detection was 51 ng/ml. Finally, comparing the two methods, it is concluded that chromatographic strip detection is more sensitive, accurate and celerity. Sample recovery rate of the latter was from 97.3–120%. All detections could be accomplished within 10 min, indicating that the test strip could be a potentially effective tool for rapid on-site detections.
The Construction and Preliminary Validation of a New Pictorial Materialism Test for 4–6-year-old Children
Authors: Trzcińska Agata , Kubicka Karolina , Podsiadłowski Wojciech
Published: March 2023

The goal of this project was to develop and validate a new instrument that reliably measures materialism in preschool children (4–6 years old). A simple and universal Pictorial Materialism Test (PMT) was created and then its psychometric properties were evaluated. The PMT consists of 32 items reflecting two dimensions: acquisition as the pursuit of happiness and success defined by possessions. To examine the psychometric properties of the PMT, 204 children aged 4–6 years participated in the study. To examine the reliability of the PMT, we calculated the internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and test–retest intra-class correlation. To determine the convergent validity of the PMT, correlations with another measure of children's materialism (Happiness Collage) and with age were examined. Results confirmed that materialism can be reliably reported by preschool children and that the PMT has satisfactory (albeit moderate) psychometric properties, but requires further validation studies. Nonetheless, the instrument developed in this project is promising for further research because it is universally applicable and has the potential to be used in research on materialism in preschool children around the world.
JEL codes: A13, C18, D12
Multi-objective Harris Hawk Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Dokeroglu Tansel
Published: March 2023

This study proposes new binary Harris Hawk Optimization algorithms for diagnosing Parkinson's disease. New exploration and exploitation operators are developed, and a K-Nearest Neighbour classifier that adapts to the given dataset is employed. A parallel version of the algorithm implemented using Message Passing Interfaces is proposed for large problem instances where the fitness evaluation is time-consuming. Comparisons with state-of-the-art genetic, particle swarm, binary bat, cuckoo search, and grey wolf algorithms verified that our proposed algorithms are the best methods in the literature on average in terms of prediction accuracy values. In total, a 32.5% reduction is achieved in the number of features of all datasets. We report new best solutions for the first time in literature. For three datasets out of four, we outperformed state-of-the-art algorithms.
Data quality in the spotlight: a Hybrid-LCA approach to evaluating reported corporate carbon footprints
Authors: Huidobro Jaime Oliver , Tamarít Ignacio , Lipari Francesca
Published: March 2023

Global warming is a substantial issue, and addressing it requires robust data on corporate environmental performance. However, there is still an information gap in indirect emissions — particularly Scope 3 emissions — due to the small number of reporting companies, greenwashing practices, and methodological differences across reports. In this study, we propose a new Hybrid-LCA approach for estimating corporate Scope 3 emissions for a large universe of companies following the Greenhouse Gas Protocol framework. Our approach recovers expected trends in emissions while maintaining the comparability and transparency needed for decision-making. Moreover, we observe an asymmetric bias with respect to self-reported data from the Carbon Disclosure Project. Our analysis indicates that this bias is partially related to poor environmental management practices in firm disclosures, which we proxy by factoring in the verification status of firms' reports. This work calls for greater scrutiny in Scope 3 reporting to ensure the accuracy of emission data and promote better environmental management practices.
A machine learning model to predict the histology of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection specimens
Authors: Nitta Satoshi , Kojima Takahiro , Gido Masanobu , Nakagawa Shota , Kakeya Hideki , Kandori Shuya , Kawahara Takashi , Mathis Bryan J. , Kawai Koji , Negoro Hiromitsu , Nishiyama Hiroyuki
Published: March 2023

Background
While post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) benefits patients with teratoma or viable germ cell tumors (GCT), it becomes overtreatment if necrosis is detected in PC-RPLND specimens. Serum microRNA-371a-3p correctly predicts residual viable GCT with 100% sensitivity but residual teratoma in PC-RPLND specimens using current modalities remains difficult. Therefore, we developed a machine learning model using CT imaging and clinical variables to predict the presence of residual teratoma in PC-RPLND specimens.
Methods
We included 58 patients who underwent PC-RPLND between 2005 and 2019 at the University of Tsukuba Hospital. On CT imaging, 155 lymph nodes were identified as regions of interest (ROIs). The ResNet50 algorithm and/or Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification were applied and a nested, 3-fold cross-validation protocol was used to determine classifier accuracy.
Results
PC-RPLND specimen analysis revealed 35 patients with necrosis and 23 patients with residual teratoma while histology of 155 total ROIs showed necrosis in 84 ROIs and teratoma in 71 ROIs. The ResNet50 algorithm, using CT imaging, achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 80.0%, corresponding to a sensitivity of 67.3%, a specificity of 90.5%, and an AUC of 0.84 while SVM classification using clinical variables achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 74.8%, corresponding to a sensitivity of 59.0%, a specificity of 88.1%, and an AUC of 0.84.
Conclusions
Our machine learning models reliably distinguish between necrosis and residual teratoma in clinical PC-RPLND specimens.
Efficacy and safety of venetoclax based combination therapy for previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia: a meta-analysis
Authors: He Hongbo , Wen Xiaojia , Zheng Huyong
Published: March 2023

Purpose To explore the efficacy and safety of venetoclax based combination therapy for older patients with de novel AML.
Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials regarding the venetoclax plus HMAs or LDAC compared with mono-HMAs or LDAC therapy. The random-effect model or fixed-effect model was applied to the study based on heterogeneity. Dichotomous and data were summarized using the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Continuous variable data were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD).
Result Nine studies with total number of 1232 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The CR/CRi rate of venetoclax(Ven) + azacytidine (Aza) group significantly higher than monotherapy Aza group (RR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.85–3.15; P<0.001). Similarly, the CR/CRi rate of Ven + low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) group also significantly higher than monotherapy LDAC group (RR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.58–4.17; P=0.00). The same results showed about OS among these groups. However, Ven + Aza group demonstrated the higher febrile neutropenia incidence rate than Ven + Decitabine (Dec) or monotherapy Aza group (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53–0.90; P=0.006 and RR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.58–3.03; P<0.001), respectively. In addition, Ven + LDAC group has much higher constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting incidence rates than monotherapy LDAC group, with significantly difference, RR and CIs were 0.61 (95% CI 0.44–0.83, P=0.002), 1.81 (95% CI 1.22–2.67, P=0.003), 1.39 (95% CI 1.06–1.82, P=0.016), 1.80 (95% CI 1.19–2.72, P=0.005) respectively.
Conclusion Venetoclax combined with either azacitidine or decitabine or LDAC significantly improved CR/CRi and OS for previously untreated AML. However, venetoclax plus azacitidine or LDAC was more likely to lead to increased febrile neutropenia and gastrointestinal toxicities.
scMultiSim: simulation of multi-modality single cell data guided by cell-cell interactions and gene regulatory networks
Authors: Li Hechen , Zhang Ziqi , Squires Michael , Chen Xi , Zhang Xiuwei
Published: March 2023

Simulated single-cell data is essential for designing and evaluating computational methods in the absence of experimental ground truth. Existing simulators typically focus on modeling one or two specific biological factors or mechanisms that affect the output data, which limits their capacity to simulate the complexity and multi-modality in real data. Here, we present scMultiSim, an in silico simulator that generates multi-modal single-cell data, including gene expression, chromatin accessibility, RNA velocity, and spatial cell locations while accounting for the relationships between modalities. scMultiSim jointly models various biological factors that affect the output data, including cell identity, within-cell gene regulatory networks (GRNs), cell-cell interactions (CCIs), and chromatin accessibility, while also incorporating technical noises. Moreover, it allows users to adjust each factor's effect easily. We validated scMultiSim’s simulated biological effects and demonstrated its applications by benchmarking a wide range of computational tasks, including cell clustering and trajectory inference, multi-modal and multi-batch data integration, RNA velocity estimation, GRN inference and CCI inference using spatially resolved gene expression data. Compared to existing simulators, scMultiSim can benchmark a much broader range of existing computational problems and even new potential tasks.
The association between diverticular rebleeding and early morning blood pressure and surge: a prospective observational trial
Authors: Arai Junya , Niikura Ryota , Yamada Atsuo , Aoki Tomonori , Suzuki Nobumi , Tsuji Yosuke , Hayakawa Yoku , Kawai Takashi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: March 2023

Aim
Colonic diverticular bleeding is the major cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Hypertension is a major risk factor for diverticular rebleeding. Direct evidence of an association between actual 24 h blood pressure (BP) and rebleeding is lacking. We analyzed the association between 24 h BP and diverticular rebleeding.
Methods
We performed a prospective observational cohort trial involving hospitalized patients with colonic diverticular bleeding. We performed 24 h blood pressure measurements (ABPMs) in the patients. The primary outcome was diverticular rebleeding. We evaluated the 24 h BP difference and the morning and pre-awaking BP surge between rebleeding and non-rebleeding patients. Morning BP surge was defined as early morning systolic BP minus the lowest night systolic BP > 45 mm Hg (highest quartile of morning BP surge). The pre-awaking BP surge was defined as the difference between morning BP and pre-awaking BP.
Results
Of 47 patients, 17 were excluded, leaving 30 who underwent ABPMs. Of the 30 patients, 4 (13.33%) had rebleeding. The mean 24 h systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 125.05 and 76.19 mmHg in rebleeding patients and 129.98 and 81.77 mmHg in non-rebleeding patients, respectively. Systolic BP at 5:00 (difference − 23.53 mmHg, p = 0.031) and 11:30 (difference − 31.48 mmHg, p = 0.006) was significantly lower in rebleeding patients than non-rebleeding patients. Diastolic BP at 2:30 (difference − 17.75 mmHg, p = 0.023) and 5:00 (difference − 16.12 mmHg, p = 0.043) was significantly lower in rebleeding patients than non-rebleeding patients. Morning surge was observed in one rebleeding patient and no non-rebleeding patients. The pre-awaking surge was significantly higher in rebleeding patients (28.44 mmHg) than in non-rebleeding patients (9.30 mmHg) (p = 0.015).
Conclusion
Lower BP in the early morning and a higher pre-awaking surge were risk factors for diverticular rebleeding. A 24 h ABPM can identify these BP findings and reduce the rebleeding risk by enabling interventions in diverticular bleeding patients.
Competency Assessment on Gram Stain Examination and Interpretation among Medical Laboratory Professionals Working in Selected Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tsehay Adugna , Sineshaw Helmneh , Eshetu Kirubel , Gize Addisu , Ayele Samuel , Mihret Adane , Desta Kassu
Published: March 2023

Background
Laboratory test results are the cornerstone for patient diagnosis and treatment. Gram staining is one of the classic laboratory test methods actively in use to differentiate bacteria. Competence assessment could help to identify gaps and make suggestions to academicians, researchers, and policy makers to address competency gaps. In Ethiopia, no evidence about competency assessment of medical laboratory professionals on gram staining technique was available.
Results
From 190 participants, 55(28.9%) participants scored low knowledge, 131(68.9%) scored medium knowledge and only 4(2.1%) respondents scored high knowledge. Forty eight (25.3%), 78(41%) and 64(33.7%) participants scored low, medium and high skill level from a total of 190 participants, respectively. There were 44 observations (4%) with major errors and 321 observations (28%) with very major errors from all 1140 observations. Of all observations 321(28.2%) reported without grading, 39 observations (3.4%) reported gram positive bacteria as gram negative bacteria and 15 observations (1.4%) reported gram negative bacteria as gram positive bacteria.
Conclusion
Most medical laboratory professionals are working without supervision and refresher training on gram stain examination and interpretation. Hence, the knowledge level and skill level of medical laboratory professionals are not satisfactory. Regular competence assessment, training and follow up are necessary to improve medical laboratory professional competence.
Low temperature magnetic 2D Majorana and Dirac fermions excitations in La 0.15 Sm 0.85 MnO 3+δ manganites
Authors: Bukhanko F. N.
Published: March 2023

The possibility of excitation of Majorana and massless Dirac fermions in self-doped manganites controlled by an external magnetic field is established. It is shown that in the ZFC mode of magnetization measurement, the excitation of Majorana fermions dominates, while in the FC mode the main contribution to the supermagnetization of the sample is made by the excitation of Dirac fermions. During remagnetization of La0.15Sm0.85MnO3+δ manganites at 4.2 K, the single and double cones-like features of M(H) were found near H = 0 in the magnetization reversal isotherms. These peculiarities of magnetization demonstrate the evolution of the Dirac fermions magnetic excitations at quantum phase transitions in the 2D Dirac semimetal, induced by the merging and splitting of two Dirac points. In the weak magnetic fields H = 100 Oe, 350 Oe and 1 kOe the continuous spectrum of the thermal excitations of spinons in interval temperature 4.2-12 K is divided into three Landau bands with numbers n = 1, n = 2, and n = 3 with two specific features of magnetization M(T) in the shape of alternating double peaks and truncated Dirak cones with different splittings ΔT between components, controlled by external magnetic field and temperature. These new unusual features of magnetic quantum oscillations in La0.15Sm0.85MnO3+δ are characteristic of excitations of 2D Majorana and Dirac fermions in two hidden topological states of chiral spin liquid.
PACS: 75.47.Gk, 75.30.Et, 75.30.Kz, 75.47.Lx
Monthly runoff prediction using gated recurrent unit neural network based on variational modal decomposition and optimized by whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Wang Wen-chuan , Wang Bo , Chau Kwok-wing , Zhao Yan-wei , Zang Hong-fei , Xu Dong-mei
Published: March 2023

To further increase the forecast precision of non-stationary non-linear monthly runoff series and improve the effectiveness of pretreatment of monthly runoff series, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is introduced to optimize the variational mode decomposition (VMD), and the WOA-VMD-GRU prediction model is constructed by coupling with the gating cycle unit (GRU) neural network. First, the variation modal decomposition is optimized by the whale optimization algorithm, to find the best decomposition modal number k and penalty factor α, then several IMF components are obtained according to VMD processing runoff sequences; finally, results are obtained by adding those of each component. Taking Manwan Hydropower, Hongjiadu Hydropower, and Changshui hydrological station as examples, the BP model, the GRU model, the EMD-GRU model, the CEEMDAN-GRU model, and the VMD-GRU model are compared. Four quantitative indexes were used to estimate the model performance. The results show that the WOA-VMD-GRU model has the best prediction accuracy, with correlation coefficients and Nash coefficients above 0.99 and 0.97 in the prediction results of the three hydrological stations, respectively, and avoids the low efficiency of VMD decomposition parameters in manual trial computation, providing a new way for monthly runoff prediction.
Investigation tribological behavior of plasma sprayed Ni-based coating prepared on aluminum alloy under different temperatures
Authors: Han Bing-yuan , Gao Xiang-han , Chen Shu-ying , Cong Meng-qi , Cui Fang-fang , Hang Wei-xing , Wu Hai-dong , Chu Jia-jie
Published: March 2023

Ni-based alloy is a typical high-temperature alloy material possessing high hardness, good thermal stability, and wear resistance. It is widely used as the surface strengthening and repair materials for aviation, vehicle engines, and industrial parts. In this study, Ni60 alloy coating was prepared on the surface of ZL109 aluminum alloy by plasma spraying technology, and its tribological properties at different temperatures (T = 25 ℃, 100 ℃ and 350 ℃) were evaluated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the phase analysis, micromorphology of Ni60 alloy coating fabricated with different spraying distance(D = 100 mm, 110 mm and 120 mm). The result shows that with the increase of spraying distance, the defects such as pores and microcracks decrease gradually. The porosity decreased from 2.2–0.76% and the fractal dimension decreased from 1.83 to 1.57. The element composition (Ni, Fe, Cr, Si, C, B) and phase composition (Ni3Fe, Cr23C6 and Cr7C3) of powder and coating were basically the same. The microhardness of the coating after spraying was about 5 times higher than that of the substrate. When D = 120 mm, the microhardness and bonding strength of the coating were the highest, which were 804 HV0.1 and 26 ± 0.05 MPa, respectively. The friction coefficient of the coating in the stable stage decreased with the increase of temperature, and all change in the range of 0.1 ~ 0.2. With the increase of temperature, the width, depth and volume wear rate of the coating increase gradually.
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) update
Authors: Whitlock R. H. , Hutchinson L. T. , Glickman L. T. , Meinersmann R. , Rossiter C. , Bruce J. , Merkal R. , Dick J.
Published: March 2023

An abattoir survey of 1224 culled cows slaughtered at Wyalusing, Pennsylvania (USA) revealed paratuberculosis in 7.2%. The infected cattle came from 13 States.
Veterinarians Role In Herd-Health Problems of Contemporary Feedlot Operations
Authors: Rinker H. B. , Glenn B. L.
Published: March 2023

Veterinary practice in relation to beef cattle feedlot operations has entered a new and rapidly changing era during the past few years.
Disease problems in cattle associated with rations containing high levels of iodide
Authors: McCauley E. H. , Johnson D. W. , Alhadji I.
Published: March 2023

This report describes four field cases in beef and/or dairy cattle in which it appears that feeding of organic iodine interfered with the animals' ability to cope with an infectious or non-infectious insult under situations of additional stress, e.g., transportation, inclement weather, high milk production or parturition. The role that iodine may have in causing the observations will also be discussed and hypotheses for mechanism of action will be offered.
Milk replacers
Authors: Phillips Robert W. , Lewis Lon D.
Published: March 2023

Today commercial milk replacers are an essential component for the successful rearing of dairy calves. There will also be an increased need for milk replacers in the beef industry as reproductive biologists transform the role of the beef cow to a factory assembly line for calves thus increasing the number of "orphan" calves. As the number of herd health type practices and demand for professional consultation concerning total health needs grow, there is an increasing need for the bovine practitioner to be knowledgeable in this area. In the following discussion we will outline the major components which should be found in milk replacers and how to feed them.
Disease of the bovine stifle joint
Authors: Weaver A. D.
Published: March 2023

Eight out of every ten cattle are lame due to foot disease. Upper limb periarticular or articular disease accounts for much of the remainder, in particular stifle and hock joint disease. This paper considers the investigation of stifle lameness and discusses some specific conditions.
Hemorrhagic syndrome in feedlot cattle
Authors: Dahlgren R. R. , Williams D. E.
Published: March 2023

A surgically induced hemorrhagic syndrome of feedlot cattle is described. The syndrome appears to be related to a deficiency of one of the vitamin K dependent factors, especially Factor VII. Oral medication with Menadione appeared to be effective as a means of prevention.
Serum enzymes in bovine practice
Authors: Rich L. J. , Dunavant M. L.
Published: March 2023

The measurement of many serum enzymes can aid the veterinary clinician in making accurate diagnoses and predicting the outcome of disease. However, to use these aids properly, the clinician must know what units and how the enzyme values are reported and some basic pathophysiology so that enzyme values can be correctly interpreted. The determinations of enzymes are here to stay; in fact, new, low cost, simplified kits are beingcommercially prepared at a rapid rate.
Role of the Bovine Practitioner om synchronization and twinning in cattle
Authors: Lamond D. R.
Published: March 2023

Use of progestational steroids, PMS and prostaglandins, and physiological aspects of the control of reproductuve activity in cows are discussed, with 24 references.
Dairy herd management and veterinary service in Michigan
Authors: Oxender Wayne D.
Published: March 2023

Thirty-six [Michigan] dairy herds were divided into 2 groups; (i) limited veterinary service [19 herds]; and (ii) complete veterinary service [17 herds]. Herds of group (ii) averaged 14 657 lb milk/cow, 404-day calving interval and 11.3% calf losses, and $20.29/cow was spent on veterinary services; correspondingly, herds of group (i) averaged 13 373 lb milk/cow, 400-day calving interval, 16.7% calf losses and spent $12.70/cow on veterinary services. Except for calving intervals, differences between the groups were significant (P < 0.05). Veterinary services and herd management are important input factors for economically successful milk production units.
Chronic fibrous teat end lesions of lactating dairy cows
Authors: Farnsworth R. J. , McKeever P. J. , Johnson D. W.
Published: March 2023

During 1975 a study was carried out on 4 dairy herds (mainly Holstein-Friesians) in which 20-60% of the milking cows had fibrous teat end lesions with no obvious cause. Laboratory results for each herd are given on gross pathology of the teat, histopathology, virus isolation and serology, together with history and clinical observations. A viral etiology was suspected because it seemed that the lesion spread through the herd; however, this was not confirmed by the results. Teat dips were also another possible factor, but again this was not confirmed. Evaluation of milking equipment did not reveal any constant abnormality. It was thought that teat end trauma produced by over-milking may have been a causative factor.
Acorn poisoning in cattle
Authors: Stober M. , Ziegler H. P. , Benten K. von
Published: March 2023

The poisoning symptoms observed (in 6 calves and one cow) included anorexia, diarrhoea, bradycardia, sluggishness, emaciation, reduction in skin turgidity, crusty ocular secretion and slimy nasal discharge. Body temperature was normal. There was glycosuria, hypocalcaemia, dehydration and liquefaction of the rumen contents. In spite of intensive treatment only one of the 6 calves survived; the cow had to be destroyed earlier. The cause was traced to excessive acorn (Quercus robur s. pedunculata) consumption.
Repeat breeders
Authors: Kruif A. de
Published: March 2023

400 Friesian cows were clinically examined 1 day after their 4th insemination. Diagnoses of management errors, anatomical defects, abnormal vaginal discharge, cystic follicles and delayed ovulation were made in 5, 19, 16, 10 and 2% resp. of cows, the remainder appearing to be clinically normal. The CR of clinically normal cows after their 4th insemination was 60%. The oestrous cycles of 14 of the clinically normal cows which failed to conceive after 5-7 inseminations, and 18 other clinically normal cows, were observed. Delayed ovulation occurred only twice in 116 cycles, and the cows involved ovulated normally at the next oestrus, without treatment. Seven cows conceived after insemination (22%) and only 14 cows failed to conceive after 2 periods of natural service (44%). Anatomical defects which could have prevented conception were found in 10 of the 14 cows.
Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Disease in Adult Cattle in Britain
Authors: Selman I. E. , Wiseman A. , Breeze R. G. , Pirie H. M.
Published: March 2023

Of 295 cases of pulmonary disease in adult cattle investigated in the Veterinary School, Glasgow, UK, during 1969-75, 23 were identified as parasitic bronchitis due to Dictyocaulus viviparus. The clinical signs and pathology of the 5 cases of patent infection and 18 cases of reinfection syndrome are briefly described. The differential diagnosis of parasitic bronchitis is also considered.
Clinical Experiences With Dry Cow Therapy and Coliform Mastitis
Authors: Armstron K. R.
Published: March 2023

Outbreaks of coliform mastitis in 3 herds following initiation of whole herd dry cow therapy are discussed. Poor hygiene practices were revealed on each of the farms, e.g. 1 used a single sponge, heavily contaminated with coliforms, to wash the teats of all the cows, and contaminated bedding and contaminated udder supports were used on the other 2 farms. When hygiene on the farm is below standard, dry cow treatment is not recommended. After an improvement in the standard of hygiene, selective dry cow treatment of infected quarters is suggested. Only when a high standard of hygiene has been reached is whole herd dry cow therapy recommended.
Mastitis, the continuing efforts towards control
Authors: Jasper D. E.
Published: March 2023

In this review, presented at the 10th Congress of the World Association for Buiatrics (Mexico City, August 1978), the author deals with production losses and the cost of mastitis, and goes on to discuss machine milking management and the effects of various machine milking systems on the disease. Causative organisms and their transmission are reviewed, and disease diagnosis mentioned. Finally control of the disease is reviewed; the author stresses the value of dry-period treatment, in particular for streptococcal infection, and the need for hygiene and the use of teat-dips in any control programme.
Progress for control of bovine leukosis
Authors: Olson C.
Published: March 2023

Bovine leukosis (the term as used will include lymphosarcoma, the related lymphocytosis, and subclinical infection with leukosis virus) has been studied intensively in recent years and a brief review for veterinarians is presented. Serological methods have now been applied to indicate and control bovine leukosis virus (BLV) infection. Since 1975, the Commission of European Communities (CEC), has sponsored international conferences annually. These have enabled coordination and exchange of current results among the concerned laboratories in Europe, as well as Canada and the United States. Emphasis has been given to the adult, sometimes called enzootic, form of bovine leukosis both because of its economic significance as the most commonly occurring, and because it is the only form with which BLV has thus far been associated. In adult lymphosarcoma there may be only scattered lymph nodes enlarged (Figure 1), but the heart, abomasum and uterus often are involved.Three other forms are grouped with the term sporadic bovine luekosis and neither BLV or BLV antibodies can be demonstrated. The infrequent juvenile, or calf, form may be fully developed at birth or delayed until the age of about two years. Visceral organs as well as nearly all lymph nodes are usually affected. The thymic form is rare and manifested in cattle about two years old by lymphosarcoma extending from the anterior chest to the larynx. The cutaneous form is also rare. It occurs in cattle one and one-half to three years old. The scattered, discrete lesions resemble warts, but are congested and often exude serum. Lymph nodes later may become enlarged, as in the adult form. Spontaneous regression of tumors may occur in the adult, juvenile and cutaneous forms.
Toxicity of blue-green algae in livestock
Authors: Zin L. L. , Edwards W. C.
Published: March 2023

Blue-green algae (Phylum Cyanophyta) occur in nearly every pond, stream, and lake in Oklahoma. Under proper conditions in ponds or lakes certain toxic species may accumulate in such quantities that a hazard to livestock develops. At least one case of algae toxicity has been confirmed at the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory since the summer of 1977.

Algae accumulate from population explosions called "water blooms" or simply "blooms". A bloom usually contains only one or 2 species. The algae will accumulate to the point of tinting the water bright breen or covering the surface with a thick gelatinous mass. When these blooms are dominated by a toxic species of blue-green algae poisonings may occur. Poisoning may occur during a bloom from species producing an exotoxin or immediately following a bloom when dying cells release their endotoxins. Toxic conditions may be very short lived so samples of water should be taken and refrigerated at the first sign of animal distress.

There are five genera of blue-green algae that are universally accepted as toxic or capable of producing toxins. They are Microcystis, Nodularia, Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Gloeatrichia. Microsystis is generally the most noxious and is the only genus known to produce an exotoxin. Along with Anabaena and Aphanizomenon it is the most common form of toxic algae in substantiated cases of blue-green algae poisoning. All toxic algae contain pseudovacuoles which tend to bouy them to the surface.
Comparison of Serum Antibiotic Concentrations Achieved in Calves
Authors: Hjerpe C. A.
Published: March 2023

Peak serum concentrations of procaine penicillin, ampicillin trihydrate, tylosin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol were achieved more rapidly, reached higher maximum values and declined more rapidly by tracheal route than by i/m or s/c injection. The rapid disappearance after tracheal administration is probably caused by rapid excretion associated with the high peak serum concentration and the lack of drug reservoir at the site of administration. Chloramphenicol sodium succinate, dihydrostreptomycin sulphate and neomycin sulphate were less rapidly absorbed from the lung and achieved lower serum peaks which declined slowly. It was concluded that there was no potential advantage in using the tracheal route to achieve therapeutically effective serum antibiotic concentrations.
Bluetongue and related diseases
Authors: Metcalf Hugh E. , Luedke Albert J.
Published: March 2023

In the United States BT virus has been isolated from sheep, cattle, or deer in 30 of the conterminous states. Serological evidence of BT has been found in every state except Alaska and Rhode Island.
Commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the first recovery of a bovine embryo
Authors: Betteridge K. J.
Published: March 2023

The professional lives of most members of this Association have by now been affected directly or indirectly by embryo transfer in cattle, so it seems fitting that we should not let the golden anniversary of the collection of the first bovine embryo pass without note. The recovery was made in 1930 and published the following year, first by Hartman, Lewis, Miller & Swett, and then again by Miller, Swett, Hartman and Lewis. This will not be the first appreciation of the event for, within two years of its accomplishment, the achievement was compared to the climbing of the Matterhorn.
Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of Haemophilus somnus and Pasteurella sp bacterins
Authors: Amstutz H. E. , Horstman L. A. , Morter R. I.
Published: March 2023

The role of bacteria in the production of acute bovine respiratory disease (BRD) (shipping fever) has long been recognized. Although numerous bacteria have been isolated from the respiratory tracts of affected cattle, Pasteurella sp. have been considered to be the major bacterial pathogens for many years while Haemophilus somnus has more recently been incriminated as a significant etiologic agent. It has been established beyond any reasonable doubt that Pasteurella multocida and/or Pasteurella hemolytica is an essential component in the etiology of shipping fever and that the advanced clinical signs, characteristic fibrinous pneumonia and death losses are basically due to pasteurellosis.
Diagnosis of clinical leukosis in cattle and its correlation with bovine leukemia virus antigens using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test
Authors: McGuire S. J. , Castro A. E. , Miller I. D.
Published: March 2023

During an 18-month period a total of 317 bovine sera were tested for antibody to bovine leukemia virus (BLV) using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. Of these field submissions, 130 (41%) were positive for antibody to BLV and 34 (26%) had a clinical diagnosis of bovine leukosis. A second (AGID) precipitin line was found in tests with sera from five of these cattle. Four cows had grossly enlarged palpable lymph nodes or subcutaneous masses. The two antigens identified in the sera of the 5 cattle were the glycoprotein gp envelope antigen, typically found in cattle exposed to BLV, and the p24 antigen which is part of the virus core. We found that in these 5 cattle with antibodies to both antigens the concentration of antibody to the gp antigen was greater than that of the p24 antigen. The presence of antibody to the p24 viral antigen in cattle with clinical disease and its implication in the confirmation of a diagnosis of bovine leukosis is discussed.
Effects of vitamin E and selenium on periparturient diseases and fertility in dairy cattle
Authors: Morrow David , Thomas J. W. , Main R. James
Published: March 2023

The objective of the study reported was to determine the effects of vitamin E and selenium injections during the dry period on periparturient disease and fertility in high producing dairy cattle.
Tall fescue summer toxicosis in cattle
Authors: Hammond Andrew C. , Bond James , Stroud B.
Published: March 2023

Cattle grazing tall fescue at times display signs of various toxicity syndromes. Among these conditions are fescue foot, fat necrosis, and fescue summer toxicosis. Fescue foot is a condition which ranges from mild lameness to severe gangrenous lesions of the feet and tail and occurs primarily during cold winter weather. Clinical cases of fat necrosis most often leads to digestive disturbances and reproductive problems in clinical cases. Fescue summer toxicosis is characterized by poor performance and a decreased ability to dissipate body heat on hot summer days. With respect to the summer syndrome, research has not led to specific drug therapy. The most effective treatment remains removal of animals from the inciting pasture. Prudent control is best obtained by effective pasture management including the grazing of mixed swards of fescue and legumes and establishing pastures with varieties shown to be associated with few toxicity problems or by the use of fungus-free seed.