bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the imaginary parts of chromatic roots
Authors: Brown Jason I. , Wagner David G.
Published: August 2019

While much attention has been directed to the maximum modulus and maximum real part of chromatic roots of graphs of order (ie, with vertices), relatively little is known about the maximum imaginary part of such graphs. We prove that the maximum imaginary part can grow linearly in the order of the graph. We also show that for any fixed , almost every random graph in the Erdös‐Rényi model has a nonreal root.
A Ramsey property of random regular and k‐out graphs
Authors: Anastos Michael , Bal Deepak
Published: August 2019

In this study we consider a Ramsey property of random ‐regular graphs, . Let be fixed. Then w.h.p. the edges of can be colored such that every monochromatic component has order . On the other hand, there exists a constant such that w.h.p., every ‐coloring of the edges of must contain a monochromatic cycle of length at least . We prove an analogous result for random ‐out graphs.
Synthesis, radiolabeling, and evaluation of gastrin releasing peptide receptor antagonist 68Ga‐HBED‐CC‐RM26
Authors: Satpati Drishty , Vats Kusum , Sharma Rohit , Kameswaran Mythili , Sarma Haladhar Dev , Dash Ashutosh
Published: August 2019

The acyclic chelator HBED‐CC has attained huge clinical significance owing to high thermodynamic and kinetic stability of 68Ga‐HBED‐CC chelate. It provides an excellent platform for quick preparation of 68Ga‐based radiotracers in high yield. Thus, the present study aimed at conjugation of gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPr) antagonist, RM26, with HBED‐CC chelator for 68Ga‐labeling. In vitro and vivo behavior of the peptide tracer, 68Ga‐HBED‐CC‐PEG2‐RM26, was assessed and compared with 68Ga‐NODAGA‐PEG2‐RM26. The peptide tracers, 68Ga‐HBED‐CC‐PEG2‐RM26 and 68Ga‐NODAGA‐PEG2‐RM26, prepared either by wet chemistry or formulated using freeze‐dried kits exhibited excellent radiochemical yield and in vitro stability. The two peptide tracers cleared rapidly from the blood. Biodistribution studies in normal mice demonstrated slightly higher or comparable uptake of 68Ga‐HBED‐CC‐PEG2‐RM26 in GRPr‐expressing organs pancreas, stomach, and intestine. The preliminary studies suggest high potential of 68Ga‐HBED‐CC‐PEG2‐RM26 for further investigation as a GRPr imaging agent and the wide scope of HBED‐CC chelator in development of 68Ga‐based peptide tracers.
Predicting Carpal Bone Kinematics Using an Expanded Digital Database of Wrist Carpal Bone Anatomy and Kinematics
Authors: Akhbari Bardiya , Moore Douglas C. , Laidlaw David H. , Weiss Arnold‐Peter C. , Akelman Edward , Wolfe Scott W. , Crisco Joseph J.
Published: August 2019

The wrist can be considered a 2 degrees‐of‐freedom joint with all movements reflecting the combination of flexion–extension and radial–ulnar deviation. Wrist motions are accomplished by the kinematic reduction of the 42 degrees‐of‐freedom of the individual carpal bones. While previous studies have demonstrated the minimal motion of the scaphoid and lunate as the wrist moves along the dart‐thrower's path or small relative motion between hamate‐capitate‐trapezoid, an understanding of the kinematics of the complete carpus across all wrist motions remains lacking. To address this, we assembled an open‐source database of in vivo carpal motions and developed mathematical models of the carpal kinematics as a function of wrist motion. Quadratic surfaces were trained for each of the 42‐carpal bone degrees‐of‐freedom and the goodness of fits were evaluated. Using the models, paths of wrist motion that generated minimal carpal rotations or translations were determined. Model predictions were best for flexion–extension, radial–ulnar deviation, and volar–dorsal translations for all carpal bones with R
2 > 0.8, while the estimates were least effective for supination‐pronation with R
2 < 0.6. The wrist path of motion's analysis indicated that the distal row of carpal bones moves rigidly together (<3° motion), along the anatomical axis of wrist motion, while the bones in the proximal row undergo minimal motion when the wrist moves in a path oblique to the main axes. The open‐source dataset along with its graphical user interface and mathematical models should facilitate clinical visualization and enable new studies of carpal kinematics and function. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2661–2670, 2019
Platelet‐rich fibrin suppresses in vitro osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Kargarpour Zahra , Nasirzade Jila , Strauss Franz Josef , Di Summa Francesca , Hasannia Sadegh , Müller Heinz‐Dieter , Gruber Reinhard
Published: August 2019

Background

Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) membranes can preserve alveolar ridge dimension after tooth extraction. Thus, it can be presumed that PRF suppresses the catabolic events that are caused by osteoclastic bone resorption.

Methods

To address this possibility, we investigated the impact of soluble extracts of PRF membranes on in vitro osteoclastogenesis in murine bone marrow cultures. Osteoclastogenesis was induced by exposing murine bone marrow cultures to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) in the presence or absence of PRF. Osteoclastogenesis was evaluated based on histochemical, gene expression, and resorption analysis. Viability was confirmed by formation of formazan crystals, live‐dead staining and caspase‐3 activity assay.

Results

We report here that in vitro osteoclastogenesis is greatly suppressed by soluble extracts of PRF membranes as indicated by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and pit formation. In support of the histochemical observations, soluble extracts of PRF membranes decreased expression levels of the osteoclast marker genes TRAP, Cathepsin K, dendritic cell‐specific transmembrane protein (DCSTAMP), nuclear factor of activated T‐cells (NFATc1), and osteoclast‐associated receptor (OSCAR). PRF membranes, however, cannot reverse the process once osteoclastogenesis has evolved.

Conclusion

These in vitro findings indicate that PRF membranes can inhibit the formation of osteoclasts from hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cultures. Overall, our results imply that the favorable effects of PRF membranes in alveolar ridge preservation may be attributed, at least in part, by the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.
Ridge preservation following tooth extraction using bovine xenograft compared with porcine xenograft: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lai Veronica J. , Michalek Joel E. , Liu Qianqian , Mealey Brian L.
Published: August 2019

Background

The primary purpose of this study was to histologically determine if there is a significant difference in new bone formation, residual graft material, and connective tissue/other when ridge preservation is accomplished using a bovine versus a porcine xenograft.

Methods

Forty‐four patients needing a single rooted tooth extraction and ridge preservation in preparation for dental implant placement were recruited in the study. After minimally traumatic tooth extraction, alveolar ridge dimensions were measured using a custom‐fabricated acrylic stent. Patients were then randomized 1:1 to receive ridge preservation using either bovine or porcine xenograft material. A trimmed dense polytetrafluoroethylene (d‐PTFE) membrane was overlaid on the graft material, the mucoperiosteal flaps were replaced, and the surgical site was sutured. After 18 to 20 weeks of wound healing, sites were surgically re‐entered, ridge dimensions were again measured using the previously fabricated acrylic stents and a bone core sample of the grafted site was harvested for histomorphometric analysis.

Results

Thirty eight of the 44 enrolled patients completed the study, 17 from the bovine group and 21 from the porcine group. Histologically, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups for mean percentage of vital bone formation (bovine = 36.21%, porcine = 31.27%, P = 0.49), residual graft material (bovine = 20.47%, porcine = 19.52%, P = 0.82) and connective tissue/other (bovine = 43.32%, porcine = 49.21%, P = 0.19). For secondary outcomes, there were no significant differences between the groups for mean change in buccal ridge height, lingual ridge height, and ridge width. However, a higher number of patients in the porcine group had additional grafting at the time of implant placement, either because of thin buccal plate or failure of implant stability.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that ridge preservation with porcine xenograft results in comparable histomorphometric outcomes and dimensional stability with bovine xenograft.
Quantitative tooth mobility evaluation based on intraoral scanner measurements
Authors: Meirelles Luiz , Siqueira Rafael , Garaicoa‐Pazmino Carlos , Yu Shan‐Huey , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: August 2019

Background

Tooth mobility assessment is subjective and current techniques require the translation of a continuous variable to a categorical variable based on the perception of the examiner. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a novel technique to assess tooth mobility.

Methods

Three experienced periodontists were asked to push tooth #16 into a buccal position to in a typodont model with different mobility (M1−M2). Tooth position was obtained using an intraoral scanner and files were compared in metrology software. Mobility was calculated at three reference points at the cervical (C), middle (M), and occlusal (O) regions of the buccal surface of the tooth to determine the linear deviation in the three axes (x, y, and z). Reliability was determined by intraclass‐correlation coefficient, differences between M1 and M2 determined by t test, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the data at the C‐M‐O regions.

Results

Excellent reliability was assessed by Cronbach alpha >0.9 on the x‐y‐z axes for both mobility tested, except for M1‐C X (0.85), M1‐M Y (0.89), and M2‐M Z (0.89). The correlation between the examiners demonstrated excellent (˃0.90) or good (0.75˃ x ˂0.90) consistency, except for M1‐C Y (0.73; examiner 1 to 2) and M1‐M X (0.69; examiners 1 to 3). Significant changes were detected in all axes at the three reference points comparing M1 and M2, and a similar proportional change was observed between O‐M‐C reference points for M1 and M2.

Conclusion

A novel technique to assess tooth mobility based on intraoral scanner measurements provided reliable data in an in vitro experiment.
Surgical treatment for pelvic Ewing sarcoma: What is a safe and functional acetabular reconstruction when combined with modern multidisciplinary treatments?
Authors: Fujiwara Tomohiro , Lex Johnathan R. , Stevenson Jonathan D. , Tsuda Yusuke , Clark Rhys , Parry Michael C. , Grimer Robert J. , Jeys Lee M.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to clarify which local treatment is oncologically and functionally effective in pelvic Ewing sarcoma (ES).

Methods

A consecutive series of patients who underwent pelvic resections and acetabular reconstructions after chemotherapy between 1986 and 2016 at a supra‐regional center were evaluated.

Results

The cohort consisted of 35 patients. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS) was 61% and 72%, respectively. Preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and surgery provided an excellent/good histological response in 92% and achieved significantly better OS (5 years, 64%) and LRFS (5 years, 100%) than surgery alone or surgery with postoperative RT. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional scores were significantly better in patients with hip transposition than those with structural reconstructions (74% vs 57%; P = .031) using custom‐made prostheses, irradiated autografts, and ice‐cream cone prostheses. These scores were significantly lower if patients had deep infection (P = .035), which was the most common complication (28%) in structural reconstructions but did not occur in hip transposition even when performed after preoperative RT.

Conclusion

Acetabular reconstruction with hip transposition resulted in no deep infection and superior function in patients with pelvic ES even when combined with preoperative RT, which improved tumor necrosis and rate of local control and survival.
Canal of Nuck Abnormalities
Authors: Thomas Anna Kalathil , Thomas Rebecca L. , Thomas Bobby
Published: August 2019

Canal of Nuck abnormalities are underrecognized causes of labial masses with potential adverse outcomes. The 2 main categories of canal of Nuck abnormalities are hernias and hydroceles. There are 3 types of canal of Nuck hydroceles: communicating, encysted, and bilocular. Canal of Nuck hernia contents vary, but those containing ovaries need urgent medical attention because of an increased risk of ischemia. Ultrasound can establish a definite diagnosis in all cases. This article reviews the embryologic characteristics, anatomy, pathologic characteristics, and imaging features of these abnormalities while providing a clear pictorial depiction of various unique hernias and hydroceles seen with this entity.
A DFT study of the hydrolysis of hydantoin
Authors: Yamabe Shinichi , Tsuchida Noriko , Yamazaki Shoko
Published: August 2019

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were made on the hydrolysis of hydantoin (2,4‐imidazolidinedione). In the neutral hydrolysis, reacting systems composed of hydantoin and (H2O)n with n = 1+3, 2+3, 3+3, and 4+3 were adopted. Three water molecules (“+3”) participate in the in‐plane hydrogen‐bond circuit, and the n–3 = 1, 2, 3 or 4 water cluster works for the out‐of‐plane nucleophilic attack onto the carbonyl carbon of hydantoin. Transition states (TSs) involving bond interchanges prompted by proton transfers were determined. The reaction path with n = 3+3 containing N‐carbamoyl glycine, N‐carboxy glycine and three tetrahedral intermediates was found to be most likely.

In the acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis, a reacting system composed of hydantoin and H3O+(H2O)7 was employed. Ten TSs and nine intermediates were obtained. N‐carbamoyl glycine and N‐carboxy glycine were confirmed to be detectable stable species. The product consists of glycine, carbonic acid (not CO2), NH4+, and (H2O)5. It has the exothermic energy, whereas the product in the neutral hydrolysis is of the endothermic one for all n values. For both neutral (n = 3+3) and acid‐catalyzed hydrolyses, the rate‐determining steps were calculated to be for formation of the tetrahedral intermediate, HOOC‐CH2‐NH‐C(OH)2NH2. The pattern of proton transfers along hydrogen bonds was carefully investigated.
The spatial distribution of Benggang and the factors that influence it
Authors: Liao Yishan , Yuan Zaijian , Zheng Mingguo , Li Dingqiang , Nie Xiaodong , Wu Xinliang , Huang Bin , Xie Zhenyue , Tang Changyuan
Published: August 2019

Benggang, a fragmented landform induced by the overall collapse of soils on slopes, is one of the most serious land erosion problems in Southern China. The reasons for the concentrated development of Benggang and the major influencing factors are still unclear. The key driving factors for Benggang development in Fujian and Jiangxi Provinces were investigated by ArcGIS spatial analysis of the effects of rainfall, lithology, elevation, and geomorphology. It was found that Benggang density increases first and then decreases with annual average rainfall, elevation, and hypsometric integral value (HI) and that the regions with a density of greater than 0.2 Benggang km−2 are characterized with an average annual rainfall of 1,395–1,645 mm,an elevation of 200–400 m,and an HI of 0.14–0.30. Lithology and weathering crust exhibit an important influence on the development of Benggang, with the formation of 41.94% of Benggangs in 25.88% of the granite area. HI shows a significant positive correlation with elevation in the 1,680 watershed areas (r = .83, p < .01). In different HI value ranges, the annual average rainfall presents an opposite trend to the development density of Benggang. The HI values are consistent with the maximal number of Benggangs associated with granite, tuff, conglomerate, and sandstone, indicating a close relationship of the regional Benggang development with the stage of geomorphical development. The underlying surface conditions created by geomorphological development are the direct causes for Benggang, whereas human activities only accelerate or delay its occurrence.
Stoichiometry of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica loads in the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River basin reveals spatial and temporal patterns in risk for cyanobacterial blooms
Authors: Royer Todd V.
Published: August 2019

Ratios of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and dissolved silica (DSi) influence how algal communities respond to nutrient loading, and DSi limitation can facilitate cyanobacterial dominance. The indicator of coastal eutrophication potential (ICEP), described previously by other researchers, predicts production by diatoms vs. nonsiliceous taxa based on deviation of nutrient loads from the Redfield ratio of 106C:16 N:20Si (N‐ICEP) or 106C:1P:20Si (P‐ICEP). The ICEP was calculated for the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River basin, and four subbasins: the Ohio‐Tennessee, Missouri, Upper Mississippi, and Arkansas‐Red basins from 1979 to 2015. The P‐ICEP indicated a stoichiometric imbalance that favored cyanobacteria for all but the Arkansas‐Red subbasin. The N‐ICEP indicated conditions favorable for cyanobacteria in the Upper Mississippi, Ohio‐Tennessee, and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Agriculture is the predominant land use in the Upper Mississippi and Ohio‐Tennessee subbasins and these subbasins controlled the stoichiometry of the nutrients delivered to the northern Gulf of Mexico. The imbalance in N, P, and DSi inputs to the Gulf was greatest during spring and early summer, and in most years transitioned to favoring diatoms by August or September. Comparing the 1980–1994 and 2001–2015 periods, there was a significant increase in the P‐ICEP for the Upper Mississippi, Ohio‐Tennessee, and Missouri subbasins that appeared to arise mainly from increased P loading to surface waters in the those basins. The ICEP revealed patterns in stoichiometry of N, P, and DSi loads among the major tributaries to the Mississippi River, and an increasing risk of cyanobacterial blooms for inland waters in much of the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River basin.
Souslin trees at successors of regular cardinals
Authors: Rinot Assaf
Published: August 2019

We present a weak sufficient condition for the existence of Souslin trees at successor of regular cardinals. The result is optimal and simultaneously improves an old theorem of Gregory and a more recent theorem of the author.
A fully tunable two‐pole bandpass filter using the resonator with asymmetrical capacitances
Authors: Tian Dengyao , Feng Quanyuan , Xiang Qianyin
Published: August 2019

A fully tunable second‐order bandpass filter based on novel resonator is proposed. The resonating frequency and the coupling coefficient between the resonators can be controlled by two varactor diodes. Theoretical expressions have been derived for the coupling coefficient. Four types of filter responses can be reconfigured by setting different bias voltage combinations, including tunable bandwidth filter, constant absolute bandwidth filter, constant fractional bandwidth filter, and decrease bandwidth filter. The simulation and measured results of the four responses are in good agreement with each other, and excellent tunable characteristics are achieved.
Circularly polarized patch antenna with two different C‐shaped ring structures
Authors: Sung Youngje
Published: August 2019

In this letter, we propose a novel design for circularly polarized (CP) antennas using two simple C‐shaped ring structures. The widths (WL and WR) of the two C‐shaped ring structures are different and these rings are also misaligned to achieve asymmetry. This asymmetry is different from conventional methods, such as perturbations on a diagonal line. It exists on the top layer of the substrate and acts as a radiating element. In order to implement the proposed structure as a single‐layer, a feed structure is implemented by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) method on the bottom layer of substrate. From measured results, the proposed antenna shows very good axial ratio (AR) of 0.8 dB and gain of 3.5 dBi at 2.289 GHz. From this analysis, it is demonstrated that some parameters independently change the frequency with the minimum value of AR and resonant frequency. This design is very useful for designing CP antennas.
Erratum: Magneto‐thermo‐acoustics from magnetic nanoparticles by short bursting or frequency chirped alternating magnetic field: a theoretical feasibility analysis. Med. Phys. 40(6): p. 063301 (2013)
Authors: Piao Daqing , Towner Rheal A. , Smith Nataliya , Chen Wei R.
Published: August 2019

We correct one typographical error that has occurred in four equations in Med Phys, 2013. 40(6): p. 063301.
Genome editing reveals reproductive and developmental dependencies on specific types of vitellogenin in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Yilmaz Ozlem , Patinote Amélie , Nguyen Thaovi , Com Emmanuelle , Pineau Charles , Bobe Julien
Published: August 2019

Oviparous vertebrates produce multiple forms of vitellogenin (Vtg), the major source of yolk nutrients, but little is known about their individual contributions to reproduction and development. This study utilized clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing to assess essentiality and functionality of zebrafish (Danio rerio) type‐I and type‐III Vtgs. A multiple CRISPR approach was employed to knockout (KO) all genes encoding type‐I vtgs (vtg1, 4, 5, 6, and 7) simultaneously (vtg1‐KO), and the type‐III vtg (vtg3) individually (vtg3‐KO). Results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping and sequencing, quantitative PCR, liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, and Western blot analysis showed that only vtg6 and vtg7 escaped Cas9 editing. In fish whose remaining type‐I vtgs were incapacitated (vtg1‐KO), and in vtg3‐KO fish, significant increases in Vtg7 transcript and protein levels occurred in liver and eggs, revealing a heretofore‐unknown mechanism of genetic compensation regulating Vtg homeostasis. Egg numbers per spawn were elevated more than 2‐fold in vtg1‐KO females, and egg fertility was approximately halved in vtg3‐KO females. Substantial mortality was evident in vtg3‐KO eggs/embryos after only 8 hr of incubation and in vtg1‐KO embryos after 5 days. Hatching rate and timing were markedly impaired in embryos from vtg mutant mothers and pericardial and yolk sac/abdominal edema and spinal lordosis were evident in the larvae, with feeding and motor activities also being absent in vtg1‐KO larvae. By late larval stages, vtg mutations were either completely lethal (vtg1‐KO) or nearly so (vtg3‐KO). These novel findings offer the first experimental evidence that different types of vertebrate Vtg are essential and have disparate requisite functions at different times during both reproduction and development.
Quality Programs Underpin Good Lab Practices
Authors: Jarvis Emily , London‐Exner Pam
Published: August 2019

A well‐developed quality assurance and quality control program will support the production of good data. In turn, good data interpretation supports good process control decisions.
Metabolomics approach to investigate the ergogenic effect of Morinda citrifolia L. leaf extract on obese Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Abdul Majid Nordiana , Abdul Hamid Azizah , Salleh Syafiq Zikri , Saari Nazamid , Abas Faridah , Pak Dek Mohd Sabri , Ramli Nurul Shazini , Jaafar Ahmad Haniff
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Natural products are obtaining much acceptance as ergogenic aid, not only among athletes but also among the general population including people with excess body fat. Under normal circumstances, an obese person will have the desire and ability to exercise reduced; mainly because they are easily fatigued. Thus, they need to boost their energy production so that they can be more active and healthier.

Objective

In this present work, Morinda citrifolia L. leaf extract (MLE) which is believed to possess ergogenic property, was evaluated on its effect on an obese animal model using 1H‐NMR based metabolomics.

Material and Methods

Rats were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks for obese development. Once this was achieved, all the rats underwent endurance exercise (forced swimming test) every 2 weeks for 8 weeks together with treatment. The time to exhaustion was recorded for each rat. Three different dosages of MLE: 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of body weight were used together with two positive controls: 5 mg/kg caffeine and 100 mg/kg green tea. Blood was collected before and after treatments for metabolomics study.

Results

Findings showed that feeding the rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight MLE significantly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time of the rats, and altered the metabolites present in their serum. Discriminating metabolites involved were the product of various metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate, lipids metabolism and energy metabolism. Treatment with 200 mg/kg body weight MLE resulted in significant improvement in the metabolic perturbations where the proximity of the obese exercised treated group to that of normal exercised group in the partial least squares discriminant analysis score plot was observed.

Conclusion

The present work demonstrated ergogenic property of MLE based on the improved metabolic perturbation in exercised obese rats.
Effect of Monomer Composition on the Performance of Polymer‐Stabilized Liquid Crystals with Two‐Step Photopolymerization
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Cao Hui , Duan Manyu , Wang Huihui , Chen Yinjie , Zong Cheng , Gan Ping , Zhao Limin , Yang Zhou , Wang Dong , He Wanli
Published: August 2019

Polymer‐stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal (PSCLC) films with broadband reflection based on two‐step photopolymerization are fabricated. Owing to the helical twisting power (HTP) value of the chiral dopant (CD) decreasing with increasing temperature, PSCLC films with broadband reflection are obtained by two‐step polymerization anchoring helical pitch of different length at two different temperature points. The effect of monomer composition on the PSCLC reflection properties before and after polymerization was studied. The results show that the free‐radical monomers with appropriate concentration and cationic monomers with sufficient concentration are vital for the formation of PSCLC films with broadband reflection. In addition, the experiments show that the increase in the functionality and rigidity of the cationic monomer has a positive effect on the broadening of the reflection band. This study can provide guidance and reference for the selection of monomer species and concentration in PSCLC preparation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1126–1132
Functional plasma polymer films for the purification of pancreatic β cells
Authors: Babaei Sara , Sabbatier Gad , Hoesli Corinne A. , Girard‐Lauriault Pierre‐Luc
Published: August 2019

Pure pancreatic β cells play a major role in multiple areas of diabetic research, nevertheless, the separation of β cells remains a challenge. The objective of this study is to show the feasibility of using plasma polymers to remove fibroblasts from β cells. Oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐rich organic coatings with different O and N concentrations were prepared by plasma copolymerization of binary gas mixtures combining a hydrocarbon and a heteroatom‐containing gas. The separation of cell pancreatic and fibroblast cell lines was tested using various plasma polymers. The results showed that a unique oxygen‐rich coating with ∼13% of oxygen, promoted fibroblast separation with 82% selectivity. The results support the concept that plasma polymers could be a suitable substrate for the selective adhesion and removal of fibroblasts.
3,5–Bis(2–Hydroxyphenyl)–1H–1,2,4–Triazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Insecticidal Activity
Authors: Fan Chang‐Chun , Jiao Shu‐Lin , Qin Min , Zou Zhi‐Hong
Published: August 2019

In an effort to discover new molecules with good insecticidal activities, a series of 3,5‐bis (2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives were synthesized. The X–ray crystallographic and Hirshfeld surface calculation study of compound 4 c reveal the structural characteristics and strong intermolecular interactions and also evaluated for it's insecticidal activity. The bioassays data demonstrate that all the target compounds possess remarkable activities against broad bean aphid with the mortalities ranging from 98.12% to 100% at the concentration of 100 mg/L. In particular, methyl 4‐[3,5‐bis(2–hydroxyphenyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl] benzoate (85.53%) shows higher activity than dinotefuran (85.25%) at the concentration of 10 mg/L whereas other compounds display low activity at the same concentration. The docking model of compound 4a shows possible mechanism of insecticidal action of target compounds. These results indicate that 3,5−bis (2−hydroxyphenyl) ‐1H‐1,2,4–triazole derivatives could be developed as novel and promising insecticides.
Impact of H‐Doping on n‐Type TMD Channels for Low‐Temperature Band‐Like Transport
Authors: Lee Han Sol , Park Sam , Lim June Yeong , Yu Sanghyuck , Ahn Jongtae , Hwang Do Kyung , Sim Yumin , Lee Je‐Ho , Seong Maeng‐Je , Oh Sehoon , Choi Hyoung Joon , Im Seongil
Published: August 2019

Band‐like transport behavior of H‐doped transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) channels in field effect transistors (FET) is studied by conducting low‐temperature electrical measurements, where MoTe2, WSe2, and MoS2 are chosen for channels. Doped with H atoms through atomic layer deposition, those channels show strong n‐type conduction and their mobility increases without losing on‐state current as the measurement temperature decreases. In contrast, the mobility of unintentionally (naturally) doped TMD FETs always drops at low temperatures whether they are p‐ or n‐type. Density functional theory calculations show that H‐doped MoTe2, WSe2, and MoS2 have Fermi levels above conduction band edge. It is thus concluded that the charge transport behavior in H‐doped TMD channels is metallic showing band‐like transport rather than thermal hopping. These results indicate that H‐doped TMD FETs are practically useful even at low‐temperature ranges.
Water Harvesting of Bioinspired Microfibers with Rough Spindle‐Knots from Microfluidics
Authors: Liu Yufang , Yang Nan , Li Xin , Li Jinghui , Pei Wenle , Xu Yiwen , Hou Yongping , Zheng Yongmei
Published: August 2019

Heterostructure rough spindle‐knot microfibers (HRSFs) are fabricated via a flexible parallel‐nozzle microfluidic method. In this method, the bioinspired HRSF with a roughness gradient between spindle‐knots and joints, can be manufactured in large‐scale, and with which the size of the spindle‐knots and joints can be precisely adjusted by regulating flow rates. The HRSFs, fabricated with chitosan and calcium alginate, have strong mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in acid environment (pH = 5) and alkaline environment (pH = 9), respectively. More attractively, under controlled treatment conditions, the morphology of the spindle‐knots on the HRSFs can be effectively managed by changing the composite content of calcium chloride in the fluid. During the water collection process, tiny droplets of moisture can be captured on the surface of the HRSFs, subsequently, the droplets can coalesce and be transported from joint to spindle‐knot sections. It is demonstrated that the surface morphology of spindle‐knots directly influences the water collection efficiency, where a higher roughness gradient generates higher water collection efficiency. This parallel‐nozzle microfluidic technology provides a low‐cost and flexible method to manufacture high biocompatibility bioinspired rough spindle‐knot microfibers, which has many potential applications in large‐scale water collection, sustained drug release, and directional water collection.
Light‐Emitting Diodes with Cu‐Doped Colloidal Quantum Wells: From Ultrapure Green, Tunable Dual‐Emission to White Light
Authors: Liu Baiquan , Sharma Manoj , Yu Junhong , Shendre Sushant , Hettiarachchi Chathuranga , Sharma Ashma , Yeltik Aydan , Wang Lin , Sun Handong , Dang Cuong , Demir Hilmi Volkan
Published: August 2019

Copper‐doped colloidal quantum wells (Cu‐CQWs) are considered a new class of optoelectronic materials. To date, the electroluminescence (EL) property of Cu‐CQWs has not been revealed. Additionally, it is desirable to achieve ultrapure green, tunable dual‐emission and white light to satisfy the various requirement of display and lighting applications. Herein, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on colloidal Cu‐CQWs are demonstrated. For the 0% Cu‐doped concentration, the LED exhibits Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage 1931 coordinates of (0.103, 0.797) with a narrow EL full‐wavelength at half‐maximum of 12 nm. For the 0.5% Cu‐doped concentration, a dual‐emission LED is realized. Remarkably, the dual emission can be tuned by manipulating the device engineering. Furthermore, at a high doping concentration of 2.4%, a white LED based on CQWs is developed. With the management of doping concentrations, the color tuning (green, dual‐emission to white) is shown. The findings not only show that LEDs with CQWs can exhibit polychromatic emission but also unlock a new direction to develop LEDs by exploiting 2D impurity‐doped CQWs that can be further extended to the application of other impurities (e.g., Mn, Ag).
Emotions into Disorder: Anxiety Disorders and the Social Meaning of Fear
Authors: Esala Jennifer J. , Del Rosso Jared
Published: August 2019

This article explores what we refer to asnorm‐stimuli‐state discrepancies, which are disparities between people's physical‐emotional responses to emotional cues and the normative meanings of those cues. Drawing on forty qualitative interviews and participant observation research at support groups, we show that people with anxiety disorders describe two forms of norm‐stimuli‐state discrepancies. The first form involves discrepancies oftype, in which people label fearful emotional states as deviant for being caused by the “wrong” stimuli. The second involves discrepancies ofintensity, in which people label fearful states as deviant for involving feelings or displays of “too much” anxiety in response to an “appropriate” stimuli. The article further addresses the role of stimuli in prompting treatment seeking. Unexpected and intense emotional distress in combination with the falling away of external cues—which we refer to as “stimuli‐less fear”—serve as a critical juncture on the path to an anxiety disorder diagnosis.
Water resilience lessons from Cape Town's water crisis
Authors: Rodina Lucy
Published: August 2019

In the aftermath of the acute water crisis, building resilience in the water sector has become a priority for the City of Cape Town. In this piece, I discuss several emerging lessons from Cape Town's experience and their implications for water resilience more broadly. While having avoided “Day Zero,” Cape Town has also demonstrated how unprepared many municipalities might be as they face growing variability and uncertainty in the hydrologic cycle. Second, Cape Town's experience also signals the limits of conventional demand and supply paradigms that focus on high efficiency and overallocation of water resources. Furthermore, Cape Town's deeply unequal waterscape and acutely divisive politics are among the most important factors that shaped not only how the crisis unfolded, but also the ability of governance systems to respond in a timely and adequate manner.

This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water

Human Water > Water Governance
Regulation of insulin and adipokinetic hormone/glucagon production in flies
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , He Li , Perrimon Norbert
Published: August 2019

Metabolic homeostasis is under strict regulation of humoral factors across various taxa. In particular, insulin and glucagon, referred to in Drosophila as Drosophila insulin‐like peptides (DILPs) and adipokinetic hormone (AKH), respectively, are key hormones that regulate metabolism in most metazoa. While much is known about the regulation of DILPs, the mechanisms regulating AKH/glucagon production is still poorly understood. In this review, we describe the various factors that regulate the production of DILPs and AKH and emphasize the need for future studies to decipher how energy homeostasis is governed in Drosophila.

This article is categorized under:

Invertebrate Organogenesis > Flies

Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms
One‐Year Postoperative Mortality in MEN1 Patients Operated on Gastric and Duodenopancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: An AFCE and GTE Cohort Study
Authors: Christou Niki , Mathonnet Muriel , Gaujoux Sébastien , Cadiot Guillaume , Deguelte Sophie , Kraimps Jean‐Louis , Lifante Jean‐Christophe , Menegaux Fabrice , Mirallié Eric , Muscari Fabrice , Carnaille Bruno , Pattou François , Sauvanet Alain , Goudet Pierre
Published: August 2019

Importance

In MEN1 patients with gastric and duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GPD‐NET), surgery aims to control secretions or to prevent metastatic spread, but after GPD‐NET resection, postoperative mortality may be related to the surgery itself or to other associated MEN1 lesions with their own uncontrolled secretions or metastatic behavior.

Objective

To analyze the causes of death within 1 year following a GPD‐NET resection in MEN1 patients.

Design

An observational study collecting data from the Groupe d’étude des Tumeurs Endocrines (GTE) database. The analysis considered the time between surgery and death (early deaths [<1 month after surgery] versus delayed deaths [beyond 1 month after surgery]) and the period (before 1990 vs after 1990). Causes of death were classified as related to GDP surgery, related to surgery for other MEN1 lesions or not related to MEN1 causes.

Setting

GTE database which includes 1220 MEN1 patients and 441 GPD‐NET resections.

Participants

Four hundred and forty‐one GPD‐NET resections.

Main outcome measures

The primary end point was postoperative mortality within 1 year after surgery.

Results

Twenty‐four patients met the inclusion criteria (2%). Median age at death was 50.5 years. Sixteen deaths occurred in the 30‐day postoperative period (76%). Among the 8 delayed deaths, 3 occurred as a result of medical complications between 30 and 90 postoperative days. After 1990, mean age at death increased from 48 to 58 years (p = 0.09), deaths related to uncontrolled acid secretion disappeared (p < 0.001) and deaths related to associated MEN1 lesions increased from 8 to 54% (p = 0.16).

Conclusion

Surgery and uncontrolled secretions remain the two main causes of death in MEN1 patients operated for a GPD‐NET tumor. Improving the prognosis of these patients requires a strict evaluation of the secretory syndrome and MEN1 aggressiveness before GDP surgery.
Use of Fe-C Information as Reference for Alloying Effects on BS
Authors: Leach Lindsay , Kolmskog Peter , Höglund Lars , Hillert Mats , Borgenstam Annika
Published: August 2019

Many empirical equations of the variation of the critical temperature with alloy content of the start of bainite formation in steels are available. They are often obtained by regression analysis of measured values for a large number of alloyed steels, usually with several alloying elements. However, such equations differ considerably, especially when applied to pure Fe-C alloys, which results in large differences between reported effects of individual alloying elements since they have not been based on the Fe-C system as a reference. Apparently, for the first time, an empirical equation is now derived by starting with information from Fe-C alloys and low alloy steels and then adding the effect of each alloying element separately, using information from ternary Fe-C-M alloys. Sets of information from the same alloy content but different carbon contents proved particularly useful. Lines connecting such points are regarded as

$$ B_{\text{S}} $$

B
S

lines for the respective alloy content and the effect of alloying elements was evaluated from their distance from the

$$ B_{\text{S}} $$

B
S

line for Fe-C alloys. Only under this condition can coefficients for alloying elements be expected to represent the physical effect of the elements. The resulting equation was tested with about 600 experimental

$$ B_{\text{S}} $$

B
S

temperatures.
Balancing Incentives Among Actors: A Carrots and Sticks Approach to Reputation in UN Peacekeeping Missions
Authors: Karim Sabrina M.
Published: August 2019

As Kristina Daugirdas points out in her article on the role of reputation in international organizations (IOs), peacekeeping operations include a multitude of actors with varying interests. These actors have competing priorities, which forces IOs to balance the needs of the actors involved in peacekeeping missions. Because IOs often depend on member states as implementing agents, this could cause IOs to suppress their own interests in favor of member states, which could ultimately negatively affect the communities in which the peacekeepers operate. This dynamic is present in UN peacekeeping operations. While Daugirdas seeks to align the incentives of the UN and the states that contribute peacekeepers so as to harness reputation as a force to encourage the good behavior of all involved, I argue that this alignment rarely happens because of IOs’ reliance on member states. Through the dynamics of UN peacekeeping operations, I show that the UN reliance on states to provide police officers and troops suppresses the UN's own interests in favor of the contributing states’ interests. I also identify a carrots and sticks approach to balancing incentives. As Paul Stephan does in his essay for this symposium, I draw on a rational-choice, actor-based theory to identify the mixed motives of the various actors who staff and operate peacekeeping missions. The framework proposed here, I contend, provides a way to better understand the sources of the tension that exist when evaluating reputation as a disciplinary tool for IOs.
The Company You Keep: International Organizations and the Reputational Effects of Membership
Authors: Hafner-Burton Emilie M. , Schneider Christina J.
Published: August 2019

Our contribution to this symposium speaks to the origins of international organization (IO) reputation. The one explored by Daugirdas is agency slack: when people delegated power and authority within an organization—in her example, UN peacekeepers and their surrounding bureaucracy—abuse their privilege and stain the institution's character. We explore another that can spark similar reactions and consequences, but which emanates from the behavior of the principals themselves (rather than their agents): the member states. The company an IO keeps—how members behave—can bolster or stain the organization's reputation. That in turn can have consequences, especially for organizations seeking to provide a venue for members to make credible commitments.
Designing profitable joint product–service channels: case study on tablet and eBook markets
Authors: Kang Namwoo , Feinberg Fred M. , Papalambros Panos Y.
Published: August 2019

Consumers’ choice of services and the product platforms that deliver them, such as apps and mobile devices, or eBooks and eReaders, are becoming inextricably interrelated. Market viability demands that product–service combinations be compatible across multiple producers and service channels, and that the producers’ profitability must include both service and product design. Some services may be delivered contractually or physically, through a wider range of products than others. Thus, optimization of producers’ contingent products, services, and channel decisions becomes a combined decision problem. This article examines three common product–service design scenarios:exclusive,non-exclusive asymmetric, andnon-exclusive symmetric. An enterprise-wide decision framework has been proposed to optimize integrated services and products for each scenario. Optimization results provide guidelines for strategies that are mutually profitable for partner–competitor firms. The article examines an example of an eBook service and tablet, with market-level information from four firms (Amazon, Apple, Barnes & Noble, and Google) and conjoint-based product–service choice data to illustrate the proposed framework using a scalable sequential optimization algorithm. The results suggest that firms in market equilibrium can markedly differ in the services they seek to provide via other firms’ products and demonstrate the interrelationship among marketing, services, and product design.
Self-channelisation and levee formation in monodisperse granular flows
Authors: Rocha F. M. , Johnson C. G. , Gray J. M. N. T.
Published: August 2019

Dense granular flows can spontaneously self-channelise by forming a pair of parallel-sided static levees on either side of a central flowing channel. This process prevents lateral spreading and maintains the flow thickness, and hence mobility, enabling the grains to run out considerably further than a spreading flow on shallow slopes. Since levees commonly form in hazardous geophysical mass flows, such as snow avalanches, debris flows, lahars and pyroclastic flows, this has important implications for risk management in mountainous and volcanic regions. In this paper an avalanche model that incorporates frictional hysteresis, as well as depth-averaged viscous terms derived from the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$-rheology, is used to quantitatively model self-channelisation and levee formation. The viscous terms are crucial for determining a smoothly varying steady-state velocity profile across the flowing channel, which has the important property that it does not exert any shear stresses at the levee–channel interfaces. For a fixed mass flux, the resulting boundary value problem for the velocity profile also uniquely determines the width and height of the channel, and the predictions are in very good agreement with existing experimental data for both spherical and angular particles. It is also shown that in the absence of viscous (second-order gradient) terms, the problem degenerates, to produce plug flow in the channel with two frictionless contact discontinuities at the levee–channel margins. Such solutions are not observed in experiments. Moreover, the steady-state inviscid problem lacks a thickness or width selection mechanism and consequently there is no unique solution. The viscous theory is therefore a significant step forward. Fully time-dependent numerical simulations to the viscous model are able to quantitatively capture the process in which the flow self-channelises and show how the levees are initially emplaced behind the flow head. Both experiments and numerical simulations show that the height and width of the channel are not necessarily fixed by these initial values, but respond to changes in the supplied mass flux, allowing narrowing and widening of the channel long after the initial front has passed by. In addition, below a critical mass flux the steady-state solutions become unstable and time-dependent numerical simulations are able to capture the transition to periodic erosion–deposition waves observed in experiments.
Assessing the computational complexity of multilayer subgraph detection
Authors: Bredereck Robert , Komusiewicz Christian , Kratsch Stefan , Molter Hendrik , Niedermeier Rolf , Sorge Manuel
Published: August 2019

Multilayer graphs consist of several graphs, called layers, where the vertex set of all layers is the same but each layer has an individual edge set. They are motivated by real-world problems where entities (vertices) are associated via multiple types of relationships (edges in different layers). We chart the border of computational (in)tractability for the class of subgraph detection problems on multilayer graphs, including fundamental problems such as maximum-cardinality matching, finding certain clique relaxations, or path problems. Mostly encountering hardness results, sometimes even for two or three layers, we can also spot some islands of computational tractability.