bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic estimation of knee effusion from limited MRI data
Authors: Raman Sandhya , Gold Garry E. , Rosen Matthew S. , Sveinsson Bragi
Published: February 2022

Knee effusion is a common comorbidity in osteoarthritis. To quantify the amount of effusion, semi quantitative assessment scales have been developed that classify fluid levels on an integer scale from 0 to 3. In this work, we investigated the use of a neural network (NN) that used MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Scores effusion-synovitis (MOAKS-ES) values to distinguish physiologic fluid levels from higher fluid levels in MR images of the knee. We evaluate its effectiveness on low-resolution images to examine its potential in low-field, low-cost MRI. We created a dense NN (dNN) for detecting effusion, defined as a nonzero MOAKS-ES score, from MRI scans. Both the training and performance evaluation of the network were conducted using public radiological data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). The model was trained using sagittal turbo-spin-echo (TSE) MR images from 1628 knees. The accuracy was compared to VGG16, a commonly used convolutional classification network. Robustness of the dNN was assessed by adding zero-mean Gaussian noise to the test images with a standard deviation of 5–30% of the maximum test data intensity. Also, inference was performed on a test data set of 163 knees, which includes a smaller test set of 36 knees that was also assessed by a musculoskeletal radiologist and the performance of the dNN and the radiologist compared. For the larger test data set, the dNN performed with an average accuracy of 62%. In addition, the network proved robust to noise, classifying the noisy images with minimal degradation to accuracy. When given MRI scans with 5% Gaussian noise, the network performed similarly, with an average accuracy of 61%. For the smaller 36-knee test data set, assessed both by the dNN and by a radiologist, the network performed better than the radiologist on average. Classifying knee effusion from low-resolution images with a similar accuracy as a human radiologist using neural networks is feasible, suggesting automatic assessment of images from low-cost, low-field scanners as a potentially useful assessment tool.
Normalization of photoplethysmography using deep neural networks for individual and group comparison
Authors: Kim Ji Woon , Choi Seong-Wook
Published: February 2022

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is easy to measure and provides important parameters related to heart rate and arrhythmia. However, automated PPG methods have not been developed because of their susceptibility to motion artifacts and differences in waveform characteristics among individuals. With increasing use of telemedicine, there is growing interest in application of deep neural network (DNN) technology for efficient analysis of vast amounts of PPG data. This study is about an algorithm for measuring a patient's PPG and comparing it with their own data stored previously and with the average data of several groups. Six deep neural networks were used to normalize the PPG waveform according to the heart rate by removing uninformative regions from the PPG, distinguishing between heartbeat and reflection pulses, dividing the heartbeat waveform into 10 segments and averaging the values according to each segments. PPG data were measured using telemedicine in both groups. Group 1 consisted of healthy people aged 25 to 35 years, and Group 2 consisted of patients between 60 and 75 years of age taking antihypertensive medications. The proposed algorithm could accurately determine which group the subject belonged with the newly measured PPG data (AUC = 0.998). On the other hand, errors were frequently observed in identification of individuals (AUC = 0.819).
Evolution of pore characteristics and methane adsorption characteristics of Nanshan 1/3 coking coal under different stresses
Authors: Fang Shuhao , Zhu Hongqing , Gao Min , He Xin , Liao Qi , Hu Lintao
Published: February 2022

To ascertain the evolution of pore characteristics and methane adsorption characteristics of the unit cell of Nanshan 1/3 coking coal under different stresses, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments were performed on the coal samples, and a molecular unit cell model of 1/3 coking coal was established. As the increase of stress, pore diameter, proportion of larger pores, number of pores, surface area, and pore volume all decrease, the rate of decrease gradually decreases, and the smaller pores are less affected. Under 8 kinds of stress, the methane adsorption capacity and the overall system energies all conform to the Langmuir adsorption curve; as the stress increases, the methane adsorption capacity and the overall system energies both decrease, the rate of decrease gradually decreases, and the order of the adsorbed methane increases. Stress changes the methane adsorption capacity by changing the pore characteristics of the unit cell, and the stress has a more obvious effect on larger pores. As the stress increases, the speed of the stress's influence on the pores weakens. This has certain guiding significance for studying the saturated adsorption capacity of methane under different original in-situ stresses.
Smoking during pregnancy is associated with child overweight independent of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and genetic predisposition to adiposity
Authors: Schnurr Theresia M. , Ängquist Lars , Nøhr Ellen Aagaard , Hansen Torben , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Morgen Camilla S.
Published: February 2022

High maternal body mass index (BMI) and smoking during pregnancy are risk factors for child overweight. Maternal smoking tends to reduce her BMI and the association of smoking with child overweight may be confounded by or interacting with maternal genetic predisposition to adiposity. In the Danish National Birth Cohort, we investigated whether smoking during pregnancy is associated with child BMI/overweight independent of pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal genetic predisposition to adiposity estimated as total, transmitted and non-transmitted genetic risk scores (GRSs) based on 941 common genetic variants associated with BMI. Smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher child BMI and higher odds of child overweight in a dose–response relationship. The odds ratio (95% CI) for smoking 11 + cigarettes in third trimester versus no smoking was 2.42 (1.30; 4.50), irrespective of maternal BMI and maternal GRSs (total, transmitted or non-transmitted). There were no statistically significant interactions between maternal GRSs and smoking (all p-values for interactions > 0.05). In conclusion, in this study, smoking during pregnancy exhibits a dose–response association with increased child BMI/overweight, independent of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal transmitted, and non-transmitted genetic predisposition to adiposity. Avoidance of smoking during pregnancy may help prevent childhood obesity irrespective of the mother–child genetic predisposition.
Higher emotional awareness is associated with greater domain-general reflective tendencies
Authors: Smith Ryan , Persich Michelle , Lane Richard D. , Killgore William D. S.
Published: February 2022

The tendency to reflect on the emotions of self and others is a key aspect of emotional awareness (EA)—a trait widely recognized as relevant to mental health. However, the degree to which EA draws on general reflective cognition vs. specialized socio-emotional mechanisms remains unclear. Based on a synthesis of work in neuroscience and psychology, we recently proposed that EA is best understood as a learned application of domain-general cognitive processes to socio-emotional information. In this paper, we report a study in which we tested this hypothesis in 448 (125 male) individuals who completed measures of EA and both general reflective cognition and socio-emotional performance. As predicted, we observed a significant relationship between EA measures and both general reflectiveness and socio-emotional measures, with the strongest contribution from measures of the general tendency to engage in effortful, reflective cognition. This is consistent with the hypothesis that EA corresponds to the application of general reflective cognitive processes to socio-emotional signals.
Effects of group housing and incremental hay supplementation in calf starters at different ages on growth performance, behavior, and health
Authors: Ahmadi Fatemeh , Ghasemi Ebrahim , Alikhani Masoud , Akbarian-Tefaghi Majid , Hosseini Ghaffari Morteza
Published: February 2022

The present study examined the effects of age at group housing and age at incremental hay supplementation in calf starters from 7.5 to 15% (dry matter, DM) and their interaction on growth performance, behavior, health of dairy calves, and development of heifers through first breeding. A total of 64 calves (n = 16 calves/treatment, 8 male and 8 female) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with age at group housing (early = d 28 ± 2, EG vs. late = d 70 ± 2, LG; 4 calves per group) and age at incremental hay supplementation of calf starters from 7.5 to 15% of DM (early = d 42 ± 2 d, EH vs. late = d 77 ± 2, LH) as the main factors. All calves (female and male) were weaned at 63 days of age and observed until 90 days of age. Heifer calves were managed uniformly from 90 days of age until first calving to evaluate the long-term effects of treatment. No interactions were observed between age at group housing and age at incremental hay to calves on starter feed intake, performance, calf health and behavior, and heifer development through first breeding, which was contrary to our hypothesis. The age at which incremental hay supplementation was administered had no effect on starter feed intake, growth performance, or heifer development until first calving. When EG calves were compared with LG calves, nutrient intake (starter, total dry matter, metabolizable energy, neutral detergent fiber, starch, and crude protein), average daily gain, and final body weight increased. In addition, frequency of standing decreased and time and frequency of eating increased in EG calves compared to LG calves. Overall, early group housing leads to improved growth performance in dairy calves with no negative effects on calf health compared to late group housing.
Cereal grain 3D point cloud analysis method for shape extraction and filled/unfilled grain identification based on structured light imaging
Authors: Qin Zhijie , Zhang Zhongfu , Hua Xiangdong , Yang Wanneng , Liang Xiuying , Zhai Ruifang , Huang Chenglong
Published: February 2022

Cereals are the main food for mankind. The grain shape extraction and filled/unfilled grain recognition are meaningful for crop breeding and genetic analysis. The conventional measuring method is mainly manual, which is inefficient, labor-intensive and subjective. Therefore, a novel method was proposed to extract the phenotypic traits of cereal grains based on point clouds. First, a structured light scanner was used to obtain the grains point cloud data. Then, the single grain segmentation was accomplished by image preprocessing, plane fitting, region growth clustering. The length, width, thickness, surface area and volume was calculated by the specified analysis algorithms for grain point cloud. To demonstrate this method, experimental materials included rice, wheat and corn were tested. Compared with manual measurement results, the average measurement error of grain length, width and thickness was 2.07%, 0.97%, 1.13%, and the average measurement efficiency was about 9.6 s per grain. In addition, the grain identification model was conducted with 25 grain phenotypic traits, using 6 machine learning methods. The results showed that the best accuracy for filled/unfilled grain classification was 90.184%.The best accuracy for indica and japonica identification was 99.950%, while for different varieties identification was only 47.252%. Therefore, this method was proved to be an efficient and effective way for crop research.
Labor induction with oxytocin in pregnant rats is not associated with oxidative stress in the fetal brain
Authors: Giri Tusar , Jiang Jia , Xu Zhiqiang , McCarthy Ronald , Halabi Carmen M. , Tycksen Eric , Cahill Alison G. , England Sarah K. , Palanisamy Arvind
Published: February 2022

Despite the widespread use of oxytocin for induction of labor, mechanistic insights into fetal/neonatal wellbeing are lacking because of the absence of an animal model that recapitulates modern obstetric practice. Here, we create and validate a hi-fidelity pregnant rat model that mirrors labor induction with oxytocin in laboring women. The model consists of an implantable preprogrammed microprocessor-controlled infusion pump that delivers a gradually escalating dose of intravenous oxytocin to induce birth at term gestation. We validated the model with molecular biological experiments on the uterine myometrium and telemetry-supported assessment of changes in intrauterine pressure. Finally, we applied this model to test the hypothesis that labor induction with oxytocin would be associated with oxidative stress in the newborn brain. Analysis of biomarkers of oxidative stress and changes in the expression of associated genes were no different between oxytocin-exposed and saline-treated pups, suggesting that oxytocin-induced labor was not associated with oxidative stress in the developing brain. Collectively, we provide a viable and realistic animal model for labor induction and augmentation with oxytocin that would enable new lines of investigation related to the impact of perinatal oxytocin exposure on the mother-infant dyad.
Association between social support and postpartum depression
Authors: Cho Hahyeon , Lee Kyeongmin , Choi Eunji , Cho Ha Na , Park Boyoung , Suh Mina , Rhee Yumie , Choi Kui Son
Published: February 2022

Postpartum depression is common; however, little is known about its relationship to social support and postpartum depression. This study examined the association between them among South Korean women within one year of childbirth. This study was based on the 2016 Korean Study of Women’s Health-Related Issues (K-Stori), a cross-sectional survey employing nationally-representative random sampling. Participants were 1,654 postpartum women within a year of giving birth. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were conducted to analyze the associations between social support (and other covariates) and postpartum depression. Among participants, 266 (16.1%) had postpartum depression. Depending on the level of social support, 6.0%, 53.9%, and 40.1% of them had low, moderate, and high social support, respectively. Women with moderate or low social support were more likely to have postpartum depression (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.26–2.53; OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.56–4.89). This trend was observed in participants with multiparity, pregnancy loss, obese body image, and employed women. Social support was associated with a decreased likelihood of postpartum depression, indicating the importance of social support, especially for women experiencing multiparity, pregnancy loss, negative body image, as well as for employed women.
Mismatch binding ligand upregulated back-splicing reaction producing circular RNA in a cellular model
Authors: Ni Lu , Yamada Takeshi , Murata Asako , Nakatani Kazuhiko
Published: February 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNA) are covalently-closed single stranded RNAs with potent roles in cells. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of mediating circRNA production in a model environment via a small molecule: naphthyridine carbamate dimer (NCD).
Choline chloride and ethylene glycol based deep eutectic solvent (DES) versus hydroxyl functionalized room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs): assessing the differences in microscopic behaviour between the DES and RTILs
Authors: Barik Sahadev , Chakraborty Manjari , Mahapatra Amita , Sarkar Moloy
Published: February 2022

The present study focuses on the differences in the behaviour of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and hydroxyl functionalized room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) in terms of their structure, dynamics, and intra and intermolecular interactions.
Comparison of monosegmented flow analysis to flow injection for single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Williams Andrew , Beauchemin Diane
Published: February 2022

Monosegmented flow analysis doubles the sample throughput of flow injection, and provides accurate nanoparticle mass without measuring the transport efficiency.
In vivo delivery of nuclear targeted drugs for lung cancer using novel synthesis and functionalization of iron oxide nanocrystals
Authors: Vellingiri Sreevani , Rejeeth Chandrababu , Varukattu Nipun Babu , Sharma Alok , Kumar Raju Suresh , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Arumugam Natarajan , Afewerki Samson , Kannan Soundarapandian
Published: February 2022

Iron nanoparticles are typically made from inorganic precursors, but for the first time, we synthesized-Fe2O3-NCs from goat blood (a bio-precursor) employing the RBC lysis method (a molecular level approach).
Synthesis, spectroscopic findings and crystal engineering of Pb(ii)–Salen coordination polymers, and supramolecular architectures engineered by σ-hole/spodium/tetrel bonds: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Majumdar Dhrubajyoti , Frontera A. , Gomila Rosa M. , Das Sourav , Bankura Kalipada
Published: February 2022

We report σ-hole interaction/spodium/tetrel bonding and other non-covalent interactions in a heteronuclear Pb(ii)–Salen coordination polymer using DFT, HSA, QTAIM/NCI, and QTAIM/ELF plots. The non-covalent interactions predominantly drive the formation of extended architectures.
Selection of CD133-targeted DNA aptamers for the efficient and specific therapy of colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Wenjing , Wang Zheng , Gao Tian , Sun Shengkai , Xu Mingsheng , Pei Renjun
Published: February 2022

A novel CD133-targeted aptamer was obtained using cell-SELEX from engineered CD133-expressing cells, and doxorubicin (Dox) was loaded into the aptamer to form a chimera for the efficient and specific therapy of colorectal cancer.
Silver-mediated, direct phosphorylation of BODIPY dyes at the 3- or 3,5-positions with H-phosphonates
Authors: Lv Fan , Li Heng , Wu Qinghua , Guo Xing , Zhang Hongtao , Yu Changjiang , Jiao Lijuan , Hao Erhong
Published: February 2022

Silver-mediated, regioselective C–H/P–H cross-couplings of BODIPYs with H-phosphonates provide structurally diverse phosphorylated BODIPYs via a radical pathway.
A depolarizing H I tidal tail in the western lobe of Fornax A
Authors: Loi F. , Serra P. , Murgia M. , Govoni F. , Anderson C. , Heald G. , Kleiner D. , Lenc E. , Vacca V. , Maccagni F. M. , Dettmar R. J.
Published: February 2022

Recent MeerKAT neutral hydrogen (H I) observations of Fornax A reveal tidal material intersecting in projection the western lobe of this radio galaxy. We found a spatial coincidence between the northern H Itail and a depolarized structure observed for the first time with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) at 1.2 GHz. We analyzed the properties of the rotation measure (RM) image obtained with ASKAP data at the location of the H Itail and in its neighborhood. We modeled the observed RM structure function to investigate the magnetic field power spectrum at the location of the H Itail and in a nearby control region. We found that the observed RM, in the control region and in a region enclosing the H Itail, cannot be due to the intracluster Faraday screen caused by the Fornax cluster. An intragroup magnetized medium with a central magnetic field strength of 18.5 μG can explain the control region RM, but it is clear that there is an excess in correspondence with the H Itail region. We evaluated several scenarios in which the H Itail is either in the lobe foreground or embedded in the lobe. We determined a magnetic field strength on the order of ∼9.5−11 μG in the H Itail, a value consistent with constraints derived from narrowband Hαimaging of the ionized gas. The spatial coincidence between H Itail and depolarization analyzed in this paper could be the first observed evidence of a magnetic field that either has passed through a radio galaxy lobe or has survived the lobe expansion.
Effects of Nuclear Equation of State on Type-I X-ray Bursts and Implication for Clocked Burster GS 1826–24
Authors: Dohi Akira , Nishimura Nobuya , Hashimoto Masa-aki , Matsuo Yasuhide , Noda Tsuneo , Nagataki Shigehiro
Published: February 2022

We study the effects of nuclear equation of state (EOS) on Type-I X-ray bursts, focusing on the Clocked burster GS 1826–24. According to the shell-flush model, the surface gravity of the neutron stars (NSs) strengthens burst activities, where the recurrence time and peak luminosity are higher for larger-radius EOSs. We show that such a prediction matches with the full multi-zone model, in which whole NS regions are considered in burst calculation. We also show that the large-radius EOSs are not preferred to account for the observed light curves of GS 1826–24.
Commissioning of Underground Nuclear Astrophysics Experiment JUNA in China
Authors: Liu Weiping , Li Zhihong , He Jianjun , Tang Xiaodong , Lian Gang , Su Jun , Shen Yangping , An Zhu , Chao Fuqiang , Chang Jianjun , Chen Lihua , Chen Han , Chen Xiongjun , Chen Yunhua , Chen Zhijun , Cheng Jianping , Cui Baoqun , Fang Xiao , Fu Changbo , Gan Lin , Guo Bing , Han Zhiyu , Guo Xuyuan , He Guozhu , He Jinrong , Heger Alexander , Hou Suqing , Huang Hanxiong , Huang Ning , Jia Baolu , Jiang Liyang , Kubono Shigeru , Li Jianmin , Li Mingchuan , Li Kuoang , Li Ertao , Li Tao , Li Yunju , Lugaro Maria , Luo Xiaobing , Ma Hongyi , Ma Shaobo , Mei Dongming , Nan Wei , Nan Weike , Qi Ningchun , Qian Yongzhong , Qin Jiuchang , Ren Jie , Shang Changsong , Sun Liangting , Sun Wenliang , Tan Wanpeng , Tanihata Isao , Wang Shuo , Wang Peng , Wang Youbao , Wu Qi , Xu Shiwei , Yang Yao , Yu Xiangqing , Yue Qian , Zeng Sheng , Zhang Long , Zhang Hao , Zhang Huanyu , Zhang Liyong , Zhang Ningtao , Zhang Peng , Zhang Qiwei , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xiaopeng , Zhang Xuezhen , Zhao Wei , Zhou Jifang , Zhou Yong
Published: February 2022

Underground Nuclear Astrophysics Experiment in China (JUNA) has been commissioned by taking the advantage of the ultra-low background in Jinping underground lab. High current mA level 400 KV accelerator with an ECR source and BGO detectors were commissioned. JUNA studies directly a number of nuclear reactions important to hydrostatic stellar evolution at their relevant stellar energies. In the first quarter of 2021, JUNA performed the direct measurements of 25Mg(p,γ)26Al, 19F(p,α)16O, 13C(α,n)16O and 12C(α,γ)16O near the Gamow window. The experimental results reflect the potential of JUNA with higher statistics, precision and sensitivity of the data. The preliminary results of JUNA experiment and future plan are given.
Final results on the 13C(α,n)16O cross section at low energies at LUNA
Authors: Ciani Giovanni Francesc , Csedreki Laszlo , Rapagnani David , Best Andreas , Formicola Alba ,   LUNA collaboration
Published: February 2022

It is well established that the 13C(α, n)16O reaction (Q=2.215 MeV) is the major neutron source feeding the s-process in low mass (1−3M⊙) Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars. In the last decades, several measurements have been performed. Nevertheless, no dataset reaches the Gamow window (140 keV <Ec.m.<250 keV). This is due to the exponential drop of the cross section σ(E) with decreasing energy. The consequence is that the reaction rate becomes so low that the cosmic background becomes predominant in surface laboratories. A recent measurement was carried out in deep underground laboratory of Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in the framework of the LUNA experiment.

To measure the 13C(α, n)16O cross section at low energies, a multiple effort has been performed to suppress the background in the setup, to maximise the detector efficiency and to keep under control the target modification under an intense stable beam provided by the LUNA accelerator (= 200 µA). Thanks to these accuracies, the 13C(α, n)16O cross section was measured in the center of mass energy range 230 keV <Ecm<305 keV with a maximum 20% overall uncertainty. This allowed to constrain the reaction rate at T=0.1 GK at 15% uncertainty and to lead the way for new possible astrophysical consequences.
Light Element Abundances Constrain Primordial Black Holes in the Critical Collapse Model
Authors: Chen Chao , Luo Yudong , Kusakabe Motohiko , Kajino Toshitaka
Published: February 2022

We study the photodisintegration process triggered by the nonthermal electromagnetic Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBHs) in the critical collapse model. The presence of a low-mass tail of critical collapse mass function could enhance energetic photon emissions from Hawking radiation of PBHs. Nuclear photodisintegration rates are calculated with a non-thermal photon spectrum derivedby solving the Boltzmann equation iteratively. Withthenewest observational limitonthe3Heabundancein GalacticHII regions, the updated 3He constraints on PBH mass spectrum in the horizon mass range 1012–1013gare derived. Our results showthat3He constraints on the critical mass function are about one order of magnitude severer than the monochromatic one, although the fraction of PBHs in the low-mass tail region is relatively small.
Measurement of 12C(n,n’) reaction cross section to determine triple-alpha reaction rate in high-density environments
Authors: Furuno Tatsuya , Doi Takanobu , Himi Kanako , Kawabata Takahiro , Adachi Satoshi , Akimune Hidetoshi , Enyo Shiyo , Fujikawa Yuki , Hijikata Yuto , Inaba Kento , Itoh Masatoshi , Kubono Shigeru , Matsuda Yohei , Murata Isao , Murata Motoki , Okamoto Shintaro , Sakanashi Kosuke , Tamaki Shingo
Published: February 2022

The reaction rate of the triple-alpha reaction can be enhanced in hot and dense environments due to the deexcitation of the Hoyle state in 12C by neutrons. The cross section of the deexcitation should be determined for the enhanced reaction rate. We plan to obtain the cross section by measuring the inverse reaction using a neutron beam around 10 MeV and an active target system. In the present paper, we report a proof-of-principle experiment using a neutron beam at 14 MeV. The obtained cross section is consistent with a previous result, demonstrating the validity of our method.
Measurement of the 18O(α, γ)22Ne resonances at JUNA
Authors: Wang Luohuan , Su Jun , Shen Yangping , He Jianjun , Zhang Liyong , Li Xinyue , Lian Gang , Guo Bing , Sheng Yaode , Chen Yinji , Zhang Hao , Li Ziming , Song Luyang , Jiang Xinzhi , Nan Wei , Nan Weike , Zhang Long , Cao Fuqiang , Liu Weiping
Published: February 2022

22Ne(α,n)25Mg is one of the main neutron sources of the s process. 22Ne is produced by the 14N(α, γ)18F(β+)18O(α, γ)22Ne reaction chain in the helium burning, thus, the production rate of 22Ne is dominated by 14N(α,γ)18F and 18O(α,γ)22Ne. At the astrophysical relevant temperatures, the 18O(α,γ)22Ne reaction rates are determined by several low-energy resonances. In this work, the 18O(α,γ)22Ne reaction was measured at the 400 kV accelerator of Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics experiment (JUNA). The γ-ray yields of the resonances between 470 to 770 keV were obtained.
First direct limit on the 395 keV resonance of the 22Ne(α, γ)26Mg reaction
Authors: Masha Eliana ,   for the LUNA collaboration
Published: February 2022

The 22Ne(α, γ)26Mg reaction (Q = 10614.74 keV) competes with the 22Ne(α, n)25Mg reaction (Q = −478.34 keV) which is the main source of neutrons for the s-process in low-mass Asymptotic Giant Branch and massive stars. The cross sections of these reactions are crucial to fix the cross over temperature at which (α, n) rate exceeds the (α, γ) one. Moreover, the uncertainty on the 22Ne(α, γ)26Mg reaction rate affects also the nucleosynthesis of isotopes between 26Mg and 31P in intermediate-mass stars.

At lower temperatures (T < 300 MK) where the (α, γ) channel is dominant, the rate of the 22Ne(α, γ)26Mg reaction is influenced by several resonances. The present study focuses on the Eα = 395 keV resonance which so far have been studied only indirectly leading to a wide range of possible values for its resonance strength (10−15 −10−9 eV).

The experiment has been completed at LUNA using the intense alpha beam of the LUNA 400 kV accelerator and a windowless differential-pumped gas target combined with a high efficiency BGO detector. Experimental details and preliminary results will be shown.
Three-dimensional supernova simulation of SN 1987A progenitor with implications for multi-messenger signals
Authors: Nakamura Ko
Published: February 2022

Recently a new progenitor model for SN 1987A has been constructed. This progenitor model is based on a slow-merger of 14 M⊙ and 9 M⊙ stars and it satisfies most of the observational constraints such as red-toblue evolution, lifetime, total mass and position in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram at collapse, and chemical anomalies. We perform a three-dimensional self-consistent core-collapse supernova simulation using this new progenitor model and find that it successfully presents an explosion and leaves a 1.53 M⊙ neutron star. Assuming a detector sensitivity of Kamiokande-II and the distance to the supernova of 51 kpc, we obtain 16 neutrino detection events in one second. Some characteristic modes in its gravitational wave signal are also discussed in this article.
First 80Se(n,γ) cross section measurement with high resolution in the full stellar energy range 1 eV - 100 keV and its astrophysical implications for the s-process
Authors: Babiano-Suarez V. , Balibrea-Correa J. , Caballero-Ontanaya L. , Domingo-Pardo C. , Ladarescu I. , Lerendegui-Marco J. , Tain J. L. , Calviño F. , Casanovas A. , Tarifeño-Saldivia A. , Guerrero C. , Aberle O. , Alcayne V. , Amaducci S. , Andrzejewski J. , Audouin L. , Bacak M. , Barbagallo M. , Bennett S. , Berthoumieux E. , Billowes J. , Bosnar D. , Brown A. , Busso M. , Caamaño M. , Calviani M. , Cano-Ott D. , Cerutti F. , Chiaveri E. , Colonna N. , Cortés G. , CortésGiraldo M. A. , Cosentino L. , Cristallo S. , Damone L. A. , Davies P. J. , Diakaki M. , Dietz M. , Dressler R. , Ducasse Q. , Dupont E. , Durán I. , Eleme Z. , Fernández-Domínguez B. , Ferrari A. , Finocchiaro P. , Furman V. , Göbel K. , Garg R. , Gawlik-Ramięga A. , Gilardoni S. , Gonçalves I. F. , González-Romero E. , Gunsing F. , Harada H. , Heinitz S. , Heyse J. , Jenkins D. G. , Junghans A. , Käppeler F. , Kadi Y. , Kimura A. , Knapová I. , Kokkoris M. , Kopatch Y. , Krtička M. , Kurtulgil D. , Lederer-Woods C. , Leeb H. , Lonsdale S. J. , Macina D. , Manna A. , Martínez T. , Masi A. , Massimi C. , Mastinu P. , Mastromarco M. , Maugeri E. A. , Mazzone A. , Mendoza E. , Mengoni A. , Michalopoulou V. , Milazzo P. M. , Mingrone F. , Moreno-Soto J. , Musumarra A. , Negret A. , Nolte R. , Ogállar F. , Oprea A. , Patronis N. , Pavlik A. , Perkowski J. , Persanti L. , Petrone C. , Pirovano E. , Porras I. , Praena J. , Quesada J. M. , Ramos-Doval D. , Rauscher T. , Reifarth R. , Rochman D. , Romanets Y. , Rubbia C. , Sabaté-Gilarte M. , Saxena A. , Schillebeeckx P. , Schumann D. , Sekhar A. , Smith A. G. , Sosnin N. V. , Sprung P. , Stamatopoulos A. , Tagliente G. , Tassan-Got L. , Thomas Th. , Torres-Sánchez P. , Tsinganis A. , Ulrich J. , Urlass S. , Valenta S. , Vannini G. , Variale V. , Vaz P. , Ventura A. , Vescovi D. , Vlachoudis V. , Vlastou R. , Wallner A. , Woods P. J. , Wright T. , Žugec P. ,   and the n_TOF Collaboration
Published: February 2022

Most elements heavier than iron have been generated in the stellar media by means of neutron capture reactions, approximately half are produced by the slow neutron capture or s-process. Radiative neutron capture cross section measurements are of fundamental importance for the study of this mechanism. In this contribution we present a brief summary on the measurement and results for the 80Se(n,γ) cross-section. The experiment was carried out at CERN n_TOF EAR1 via the time of flight (ToF) technique, using four C6D6 scintillation detectors with very fast response. More than a hundred new resonances have been analyzed for the first time with a high accuracy. The MACS obtained at kT = 8 keV is 36% smaller than the recommended value in KADo-NiS. Some of the astrophysical implications of this result are elucidated in this contribution.
Sensitivity Study of Nuclear Reactions Influencing Photospheric Radius Expansion X-Ray Bursts
Authors: Lam Yi Hua , Heger Alexander , Johnston Zac , Goodwin Adelle Jane
Published: February 2022

Up to now, more than 62 of the 115 X-ray sources of low-mass-X-ray binaries have been identified as photospheric radius expansion (PRE) bursters [1]. Galloway and collaborators expect more PRE bursters in their near future analysis [2]. Although more than half of the discovered X-ray sources are PRE bursters, the bursting mechanism of PRE burster is still not adequately understood. This is because of the complicated hydrodynamics and variable accretion rates. An example is the accretion-powered millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4–3658 [3, 4] that powered up the brightest Type-I X-ray burst (XRB) recorded by NICER in recent history [5]. The first 1D multi-zone model of SAX J1808.4–3658 was recently constructed [6, 7]. The pioneering model offers a first concurrent and direct comparison with the observed light curves, fluences, and recurrence times. With the three observables, a comparison between theory and observations could be more sensitive than the previous studies of the clocked burster and post-processing models. We perform a sensitivity study on (α,p), (α,γ), (p, α), and (p,γ) reactions with a total up to ~1,500 reactions. Our current result indicates that the observables are more sensitive to the competition between the reactions involving alpha-capture, e.g., the 22Mg(α, p) and 22Mg(p,γ) reactions competing at the 22Mg branch point [8].
Self-consistent energy density functional approaches to the crust of neutron stars
Authors: Nakatsukasa Takashi
Published: February 2022

In order to study structure of the crust in neutron stars, we develop a finite-temperature Skyrme-Hartree-Fock method in the full three-dimensional coordinate space using the Fermion operator expansion method. It provides us with a possible order-N approach to non-uniform neutron-star matters.
Impact Of Load Balancing Interference Routing Metric On Multi Channel Multi Radio Wireless Mesh Network
Authors: Siraj Mohammad , Abbasi Zeeshan
Published: February 2022

Wireless Mesh Network (WMNs) is a promising technology that has been accepted favorably by the Internet Service Providers (ISPs). ISPs use it to provide last mile broadband Internet connectivity to the end users. This popularity arises from the fact, that it inter operates well with diverse wireless systems and provides robust fault tolerance with a high degree of redundancy and reliability. Routing metrics plays a crucial part in the performance of WMN. When routing protocols are implemented, the routing metric is assigned to different paths. It calculates the optimum path to predict the best routing path. These are integrated in routing protocols to improve WMNs efficiency in terms of reliability, latency, throughput, error rate and cost. This paper compares the impact of using load balancing interference aware routing metric (LBIARM) on the performance of Multi-Channel Multi Radio WMNs (MCMR WMNs). The performance of LBIARM was evaluated by comparing it with popular standard metrics weighted cumulative expected transmission time metric and Hop Count metric. OPNET Modeler 17.5 PL1 was used as a simulation tool for implementation. Simulation results show the effectiveness of using LBIARM metric on MCMR WMNs.
Privacy Preserving Data Mining Using Random Decision Tree Over Partition Data: Survey
Authors: Othman Nashwan Adnan , Al-Dabagh Mustafa Zuhaer Nayef
Published: February 2022

The development of data mining with data protection and data utility can manage distributed data efficiently. This paper revisits the concepts and techniques of privacy-preserving Random Decision Tree (RDT). In existing systems, cryptography-based techniques are effective at managing distributed information. Privacy-preserving RDT handles distributed information efficiently. Privacy-preserving RDT gives better precision data mining while preserving information and reducing the calculation time. This paper deals with this headway in privacy-preserving data mining technology utilizing emphasized approach of RDT. RDT gives preferable productivity and information privacy than cryptographic technique. Various data mining tasks utilize RDT, like classification, relapse, ranking, and different classifications. Privacy-preserving RDT utilizes both randomization and the cryptographic method, giving information privacy for some decision tree-based learning tasks; this is an effective technique for data mining with privacy-preserving distributed information. Thus, in horizontal partitioning of the dataset, parties gather information for various entities but have data for all attributes. On the other hand, various associations may gather different data about a similar set of people. Thus, in vertically partitioned data, all parties gather data for the same collection of items. In all of these cases, both horizontal and vertical partitioning of datasets is somewhat inaccurate.
Natural Language Processing and Parallel Computing for Information Retrieval from Electronic Health Records
Authors: Abu Salimeh Ali , Al-shanableh Najah , Alzyoud Mazen
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we review the literature to find suitable information retrieval techniques for EHealth. Also discussed NLP techniques that have been proved their capability to extract valuable information in unstructured data from EHR. One of the best NLP techniques used for searching free text is LSI, due to its capability of finding semantic terms and in rich the search results by finding the hidden relations between terms. LSI uses a mathematical model called SVD, which is not scalable for large amounts of data due to its complexity and exhausts the memory, and a review for recent applications of LSI was discussed.
Novel Integration of Wi-Fi Signal and Magnetometer Sensor Measurements in Fingerprinting Technique for Indoors Smartphone positioning
Authors: Friad Qadr Runahi , Maghdid Halgurd S. , Sabir Azhin T.
Published: February 2022

Smartphones are becoming more widespread, and location-based services (LBS) have become one of the most important uses in people’s daily lives. While outdoor location is reasonably simple thanks to GNSS signals, however, indoor location is more problematic due to the lack of GNSS signals. As a result of the widespread deployment of alternative technologies such as wireless and sensors technologies, various studies on wireless-based indoor positioning have been conducted. However, each technology has its own limitations including multipath fading of wireless signals causes time-varying received signal strength as well as the accumulated error of the onboard sensors (i.e. sensor drift) resulting in poor localization accuracy. Motivated by these restrictions, this work integrates the applicability of two technologies for indoor positioning that are already available in smartphones by avoiding their limitation. The integration is based on fingerprinting-positioning technique by including magnetometer sensor measurements and WiFi signal strength. Android-based smartphones with low-cost sensors in real indoor scenarios are utilized to create a dataset and collect independent track tests to confirm results. The performance of different scenarios, such as Wi-Fi alone, magnetometer alone, and magnetometer-aided Wi-Fi, is compared. The experimental results show that the combination of magnetometer sensor and WiFi signal strength provides significant results in which leads to reducing the location error to 0.7224 meters.
Time-resolved structural dynamics of the out-of-equilibrium charge density wave phase transition in GdTe3
Authors: Gonzalez-Vallejo I. , Jacques V. L. R. , Boschetto D. , Rizza G. , Hadj-Azzem A. , Faure J. , Le Bolloc'h D.
Published: February 2022

We use ultrafast electron diffraction to study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the charge density wave (CDW) phase transition in GdTe3, a quasi-two-dimensional compound displaying a unidirectional CDW state. Experiments were conducted at different incident fluences and different initial sample temperatures below Tc. We find that following photo-excitation, the system undergoes a non-thermal ultrafast phase transition that occurs in out-of-equilibrium conditions. The intrinsic crystal temperature was estimated at each time delay from the atomic thermal motion, which affects each Bragg peak intensity via the Debye Waller factor. We find that the crystal temperature stabilizes with a 6 ps timescale in a quasi-equilibrium state at temperature Tq.e.. We then relate the recovery time of the CDW and its correlation lengths as a function of Tq.e.. The charge density wave is suppressed in less than a picosecond while its recovery time increases linearly with incident fluence and initial temperature. Our results highlight that the dynamics is strongly determined by the initial sample temperature. In addition, the transient CDW phase recently observed along the transverse direction in LaTe3 and CeTe3 is not observed in GdTe3.
Numerical analysis of RF discharge in a nonuniform magnetic field
Authors: Ma Xiang , Nishida Hiroyuki , Oshio Yuya , Furukawa Takeru
Published: February 2022

The radio-frequency (RF) plasma thruster has been studied to overcome the issue of a reduced lifetime of plasma thrusters due to electrode erosion, and it has been reported that a nonuniform magnetic field near the RF antenna improves the thrust performance. In this study, to obtain knowledge for optimizing the configuration of the thruster and the magnetic field, the RF discharge in a nonuniform magnetic field is numerically investigated focusing on RF power absorption and plasma generation, and the effect of the positional relation between the magnetic cusp and the RF antenna on the RF discharge is discussed. We adopt the two-fluid plasma model considering ions and electrons and confirm the qualitative validity of the simulation by comparing the simulation results with the results of a laboratory experiment. The simulation reveals that the energy transport due to the Ey×B drift from the region of RF power absorption near the RF antenna determines the distributions of the plasma generation and temperature. Therefore, the plasma distribution changes depending on the RF antenna position and the phase of the RF period because the Ey×B drift direction changes depending on the directions of the electric and magnetic fields. In addition, we find that it is important to place the antenna in a strong magnetic field for effective power absorption because this increases the azimuthal diamagnetic current.
Highly accurate, reliable, and non-contaminating two-dimensional material transfer system
Authors: Patil Chandraman , Dalir Hamed , Kang Jin Ho , Davydov Albert , Wong Chee Wei , Sorger Volker J.
Published: February 2022

The exotic properties of two-dimensional materials and heterostructures, built by forming heterogeneous multi-layered stacks, have been widely explored across several subject matters following the goal to invent, design, and improve applications enabled by these materials. Successfully harvesting these unique properties effectively and increasing the yield of manufacturing two-dimensional material-based devices for achieving reliable and repeatable results is the current challenge. The scientific community has introduced various experimental transfer systems explained in detail for exfoliation of these materials; however, the field lacks statistical analysis and the capability of producing a transfer technique enabling (i) high transfer precision and yield, (ii) cross-contamination free transfer, (iii) multi-substrate transfer, and (iv) rapid prototyping without wet chemistry. Here, we introduce a novel two-dimensional material deterministic transfer system and experimentally show its high accuracy, reliability, repeatability, and non-contaminating transfer features by demonstrating fabrication of two-dimensional material-based optoelectronic devices featuring novel device physics and unique functionality. The system paves the way toward accelerated two-dimensional material-based device manufacturing and characterization. Such rapid and material analyzing prototype capability can accelerate not only layered materials science in discovery but also engineering innovations.
Density functionals with spin-density accuracy for open shells
Authors: Callow Timothy J. , Pearce Benjamin , Gidopoulos Nikitas I.
Published: February 2022

Electrons in zero external magnetic field can be studied with the Kohn–Sham (KS) scheme of either density functional theory (DFT) or spin-DFT (SDFT). The latter is normally used for open-shell systems because its approximations appear to model better the exchange and correlation (xc) functional, but also because, so far the application of DFT implied a closed-shell-like approximation. In the first part of this Communication, we show that correcting this error for open shells allows the approximate DFT xc functionals to become as accurate as those in SDFT. In the second part, we consider the behavior of SDFT for zero magnetic field. We show that the KS equations of SDFT emerge as the generalized KS equations of DFT in this limit, thus establishing a so far unknown link between the two theories.
Predicting properties of periodic systems from cluster data: A case study of liquid water
Authors: Zaverkin Viktor , Holzmüller David , Schuldt Robin , Kästner Johannes
Published: February 2022

The accuracy of the training data limits the accuracy of bulk properties from machine-learned potentials. For example, hybrid functionals or wave-function-based quantum chemical methods are readily available for cluster data but effectively out of scope for periodic structures. We show that local, atom-centered descriptors for machine-learned potentials enable the prediction of bulk properties from cluster model training data, agreeing reasonably well with predictions from bulk training data. We demonstrate such transferability by studying structural and dynamical properties of bulk liquid water with density functional theory and have found an excellent agreement with experimental and theoretical counterparts.
Metasurface absorber for ultra-broadband sound via over-damped modes coupling
Authors: Shao Chen , Zhu Yuanzhou , Long Houyou , Liu Chen , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun
Published: February 2022

Highly efficient absorption of broadband low-frequency sound with a slim subwavelength meta-structure promises extensive applications in acoustic engineering, which remains a major challenge due to the weak coupling of strong scattering resonant modes. Here, we formulate the interaction of resonant modes in different damping states on the basis of a coupled-mode theory and draw the conclusion that couplings between over-damped modes demonstrate superiority to under-damped or critically coupled states in sound absorption. Furthermore, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate an ultra-broadband sound absorber by hybridizing multi-order Helmholtz resonators, which support a series of over-damped modes in a single element with flexible key acoustic parameters, including operating frequencies and loss and leakage factors decorated at will. Due to the intense coupling between these elaborated over-damped modes, the designed absorber demonstrates 81% average absorptance for airborne sound ranging from 100 to 1000 Hz (exceeding three octaves) with a thickness down to 1/18.8 of wavelength at the lower-limit frequency. We envision the design methodology to push forward more versatile functional devices.