bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and testing of an optical instrument for skin flap monitoring
Authors: Moreno-Oyervides Aldo , Díaz-Ojeda Luis , Bonilla-Manrique Oscar E. , Bonastre-Juliá Jorge , Largo-Aramburu Carlota , Acedo Pablo , Martín-Mateos Pedro
Published: October 2023

Flap procedures are complex surgical tools widely used in reconstructive surgery. Flap ischemia is one of the most dangerous complications, both during the surgical procedure and during the patient's recovery, which can quickly lead to tissue necrosis (flap loss) with serious medical and psychological consequences. Today, bedside clinical assessment remains the gold standard for flap monitoring, but timely detection of flap ischemia is a difficult and challenging task, so auxiliary techniques are needed to support flap monitoring. Here we present a prototype of a new optical diagnostic tool, based on visible light absorption in diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, for non-invasive, continuous, real-time monitoring of flaps. The proposed approach is assessed by monitoring flap ischemic scenarios induced on pig animal models. The results obtained support that the proposed approach has great potential, not only for prompt detection of ischemia (in seconds), but also for clear differentiation between an arterial occlusion and venous occlusion.
Emissions of ultrafine particles from civil aircraft: dependence upon aircraft type and passenger load
Authors: Stacey Brian , Harrison Roy M. , Pope Francis D.
Published: October 2023

Very high concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFP) were measured at Heathrow Airport London. Exposure to UFP is strongly linked to adverse health effects and guidance for exposure limits has recently been provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Using 1 s resolution UFP measurements and aircraft GPS data, measurements were assigned to individual aircraft and their operating mode, and this information was used to model UFP emission rates. In all cases, the highest emission rates were associated with departing aircraft, with rates for larger aircraft higher than smaller aircraft. Emission rates per passenger is influenced by the number of passengers carried, especially for arriving aircraft. Calculated emission rates are significantly higher than stated literature values, due to the inclusion of condensable particles in the measurements. These condensable particles are specifically not included in the regulated emission rates. Measured UFP concentrations within the airport boundary (and therefore not accessible to the general public) exceed the WHO guidance, indicating that UFP concentrations outside of the airport boundary could also be of concern. Assessing population exposure close to airports will be of increasing importance in future.
Quantifying the impact of an invasive hornet on Bombus terrestris colonies
Authors: O’Shea-Wheller Thomas A. , Curtis Robin J. , Kennedy Peter J. , Groom Ellen K. J. , Poidatz Juliette , Raffle David S. , Rojas-Nossa Sandra V. , Bartolomé Carolina , Dasilva-Martins Damián , Maside Xulio , Mato Salustiano , Osborne Juliet L.
Published: October 2023

The invasive hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax is considered a proliferating threat to pollinators in Europe and Asia. While the impact of this species on managed honey bees is well-documented, effects upon other pollinator populations remain poorly understood. Nonetheless, dietary analyses indicate that the hornets consume a diversity of prey, fuelling concerns for at-risk taxa. Here, we quantify the impact of V. velutina upon standardised commercially-reared colonies of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris terrestris. Using a landscape-scale experimental design, we deploy colonies across a gradient of local V. velutina densities, utilising automated tracking to non-invasively observe bee and hornet behaviour, and quantify subsequent effects upon colony outcomes. Our results demonstrate that hornets frequently hunt at B. terrestris colonies, being preferentially attracted to those with high foraging traffic, and engaging in repeated—yet entirely unsuccessful—predation attempts at nest entrances. Notably however, we show that B. terrestris colony weights are negatively associated with local V. velutina densities, indicating potential indirect effects upon colony growth. Taken together, these findings provide the first empirical insight into impacts on bumblebees at the colony level, and inform future mitigation efforts for wild and managed pollinators.
ClpP/ClpX deficiency impairs mitochondrial functions and mTORC1 signaling during spermatogenesis
Authors: Guo Chenxi , Xiao Yuan , Gu Jingkai , Zhao Peikun , Hu Zhe , Zheng Jiahuan , Hua Renwu , Hai Zhuo , Su Jiaping , Zhang Jian V. , Yeung William S. B. , Wang Tianren
Published: October 2023

Caseinolytic protease proteolytic subunit (ClpP) and caseinolytic protease X (ClpX) are mitochondrial matrix peptidases that activate mitochondrial unfolded protein response to maintain protein homeostasis in the mitochondria. However, the role of ClpP and ClpX in spermatogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated the importance of ClpP/ClpX for meiosis and spermatogenesis with two conditional knockout (cKO) mouse models. We found that ClpP/ClpX deficiency reduced mitochondrial functions and quantity in spermatocytes, affected energy supply during meiosis and attenuated zygotene-pachytene transformation of the male germ cells. The dysregulated spermatocytes finally underwent apoptosis resulting in decreased testicular size and vacuolar structures within the seminiferous tubules. We found mTORC1 pathway was over-activated after deletion of ClpP/ClpX in spermatocytes. Long-term inhibition of the mTORC1 signaling via rapamycin treatment in vivo partially rescue spermatogenesis. The data reveal the critical roles of ClpP and ClpX in regulating meiosis and spermatogenesis.
Synthesis of non-equivalent diamides and amido-esters via Pd-catalysed carbonylation
Authors: Ge Yao , Huang Weiheng , Ahrens Sebastian , Spannenberg Anke , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2023

Given the widespread use of amides in chemistry and biology, the development of methods for their synthesis remains important. Although the construction of amide bonds has in principle been known since Wöhler’s urea synthesis, the direct and atom-efficient preparation of amides, especially with multiple amido groups, continues to be difficult. To address this challenge, we developed an efficient access to heterobifunctional compounds through linking amines as well as alcohols with specific molecular pincers in the presence of advanced carbonylation catalysts. In detail, we describe the synthesis of non-symmetrical diamides and amido-esters from available propargylic acetates using selective palladium-catalysed diamino- and amino-alkoxy carbonylations. Mechanistic studies and control experiments reveal a cascade process with allenoic amides, allylic amine and dienamide as crucial intermediates. The generality of this protocol is showcased by the highly selective synthesis of >100 heterobifunctional molecules including many pharmaceutically relevant products.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in grocery store foods: method optimization, occurrence, and exposure assessment
Authors: Yang Zhao , Shojaei Marzieh , Guelfo Jennifer L.
Published: October 2023

Dietary exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is poorly understood.
Simple and novel icariin-loaded pro-glycymicelles as a functional food: physicochemical characteristics, in vitro biological activities, and in vivo experimental hyperlipidemia prevention evaluations
Authors: Cui Qingchen , Wang Cuicui , Zhou Liping , Wei Yanjun , Liu Zongtao , Wu Xianggen
Published: October 2023

Schematic illustration of the synthetic procedure of ICA-PGs and the improved in vitro/in vivo profiles of ICA.
Strengthened cooperativity of DNA-based cyclic hydrogen-bonded rosettes by subtle functionalization
Authors: Almacellas David , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Poater Jordi
Published: October 2023

Cooperative effects cause extra stabilization of hydrogen-bonded supramolecular systems.
Mechanistic study of CuH-catalyzed hydroarylation of alkenes with polyfluoroarenes involving C–F bond functionalization: noncovalent interaction-controlled regioselectivity
Authors: Zhao Xia , Tong Wen-Yan , Wang Xiaotai
Published: October 2023

Noncovalent interactions override electronic effects on the regioselectivity of the SNAr step that cleaves a C–F bond of polyfluoroarenes in a CuH-catalyzed hydroarylation of alkenes.
Carbon-vacancy engineering approach to g-C3N4 for selective 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation coupled with H2O2 production
Authors: Han Jingru , Song Mengzhen , Li Yingjie , Yao Yue , Lu Shuxiang , Liao Xiaoyuan
Published: October 2023

CN modified with carbon and nitrogen vacancies was obtained through calcination under different atmospheres, resulting in efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts for the conversion of biomass-relevant alcohols into fine chemicals.
Synthesis of magnetic UiO-66-NH2@EDTA-GO and mechanism study of simultaneous adsorption of Pb(ii) and organic dyes from water
Authors: Cao Mingli , Yang Wei
Published: October 2023

Heavy metal ions and organic dyes are some of the main pollutants in water environments, which have the potential to cause harm to the ecological environment and human health.
Influence of shape on heteroaggregation of model microplastics: a simulation study
Authors: Argun B. Ruşen , Statt Antonia
Published: October 2023

We use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how particle shape of microplastics influences their aggregation and behavior under linear shear flow.
Climate crisis: energy storage challenges in the transition to renewable energies
Authors: Opazo Mariel A.
Published: October 2023

This paper examines the challenges of energy storage amid the climate crisis, emphasizing the urgency for innovative solutions across the supply chain to ensure a sustainable and resilient future.
Science – a chess game against time
Authors: van der Merwe Petra
Published: October 2023

Modern technologies, including renewable energy equipment, consume ever-increasing amounts of critical elements. A new issue is thus created while addressing the first. Microfluidics, recycling centred research, interdisciplinary collaborations and preventative education are possible solutions.
Changes of labile, stable and water-soluble fractions of biochar after two years in a vineyard soil
Authors: Rombolà Alessandro G. , Greggio Nicolas , Fabbri Daniele , Facchin Andrea , Torri Cristian , Pulcher Roberta , Carlini Carlotta , Balugani Enrico , Marazza Diego , Zannoni Denis , Buscaroli Alessandro
Published: October 2023

The long-term stability of biochar in soil is a key factor for carbon storage and agro-environmental benefits in soil applications.
Regulatory T cells in lung disease and transplantation
Authors: Lao Peizhen , Chen Jingyi , Tang Longqian , Zhang Jiwen , Chen Yuxi , Fang Yuyin , Fan Xingliang
Published: October 2023

Pulmonary disease can refer to the disease of the lung itself or the pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases, which are often connected to the malfunction of the immune system. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been shown to be important in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing inflammatory damage, including lung diseases. Given the increasing amount of evidence linking Treg cells to various pulmonary conditions, Treg cells might serve as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung diseases and potentially promote lung transplant tolerance. The most potent and well-defined Treg cells are Foxp3-expressing CD4+ Treg cells, which contribute to the prevention of autoimmune lung diseases and the promotion of lung transplant rejection. The protective mechanisms of Treg cells in lung disease and transplantation involve multiple immune suppression mechanisms. This review summarizes the development, phenotype and function of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Then, we focus on the therapeutic potential of Treg cells in preventing lung disease and limiting lung transplant rejection. Furthermore, we discussed the possibility of Treg cell utilization in clinical applications. This will provide an overview of current research advances in Treg cells and their relevant application in clinics.
Role of initial density profiles in simulations of coronal wave-coronal hole interactions
Authors: Piantschitsch I. , Terradas J. , Soubrie E. , Heinemann S. G. , Hofmeister S. J. , Soler R. , Temmer M.
Published: October 2023

Interactions between global coronal waves (CWs) and coronal holes (CHs) reveal many interesting features of reflected waves and coronal hole boundaries (CHB). However, such interactions have scarcely been studied thus far. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations can help us to better understand what is happening during these interaction events and thus to achieve a broader understanding of the parameters involved. In this study, we performed the first 2D MHD simulations of a CW–CH interaction that include a realistic initial wave density profile consisting of an enhanced wave component as well as a depleted one. We varied several initial parameters, such as the initial density amplitudes of the incoming wave, the CH density, and the CHB width, which are all based on actual measurements. We analysed the effects of different incident angles on the interaction features and we used the corresponding time-distance plots to detect specific features of the incoming and the reflected waves. We found that the specific combination of a small CH density, a realistic initial density profile, and a sufficiently small incident angle can lead to remarkable interaction features, such as a large density amplitude for the reflected wave and greater phase speed for the reflected wave with respect to the incoming one. The parameter studies in this paper provide a tool for comparing time-distance plots based on observational measurements to those created from simulations. This has enabled us to derive interaction parameters from observed CW–CH interaction events that usually cannot be obtained directly. The simulation results in this study are augmented by analytical expressions for the reflection coefficient of the CW–CH interaction, which allows us to verify the simulations results in an complementary way. This work, with its focus on parameter studies that examine the initial density profile of CWs, is the first of a series of studies aiming to ultimately reconstruct actual observed CW–CH interaction events by means of MHD simulations. These results improve our understanding of the involved interaction parameters in a comprehensive way.
The [CII] 158 μm emission line as a gas mass tracer in high redshift quiescent galaxies
Authors: D’Eugenio C. , Daddi E. , Liu D. , Gobat R.
Published: October 2023

A great deal of effort has been made in recent years to probe the gas fraction evolution of massive quiescent galaxies (QGs); however, a clear picture has not yet been established. Recent spectroscopic confirmations at z > 3 offer the chance to measure the residual gas reservoirs of massive galaxies a few hundred Myr after their death and to study how fast quenching proceeds in a highly star-forming Universe. Even so, stringent constraints at z > 2 remain hardly accessible with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) when adopting molecular gas tracers commonly used for the quenched population. In this Letter we propose overcoming this impasse by using the carbon [CII] 158 μm emission line to systematically probe the gaseous budget of unlensed QGs at z > 2.8, when these galaxies could still host non-negligible star formation on an absolute scale and when the line becomes best observable with ALMA (Bands 8 and 7). Predominantly used for star-forming galaxies to date, this emission line is the best choice to probe the gas budget of spectroscopically confirmed QGs at z > 3, reaching 2–4 and 13–30 times deeper than dust continuum emission (ALMA band 7) and CO(2–1)/(1–0) (Very Large Array, VLA, K − Kα bands), respectively, at fixed integration time. Exploiting archival ALMA observations, we place conservative 3σ upper limits on the molecular gas fraction (fmol = MH2/M⋆) of ADF22-QG1 (fmol < 21%) and ZF-COS-20115 (fmol < 3.2%), two of the best-studied high-z QGs in the literature, and GS-9209 (fmol < 72%), the most distant massive QG discovered to date. The deep upper limit found for ZF-COS-20115 is three times lower than previously anticipated for high-z QGs suggesting, at best, the existence of a large scatter in the fmol distribution of the first QGs. Lastly, we discuss the current limitations of the method and propose ways to mitigate some of them by exploiting ALMA bands 9 and 10.
Consumen Preference Analysis of UMM Analog Rice in Malang - Indonesia
Authors: Tain Anas , Windiana Livia , Baroh Istis , Damat Damat , Rahmah Mutammimatur , Andoko Effendi
Published: October 2023

The analog rice produced by UMM is made as a functional food by prioritizing good nutrition to make consumers healthy who consume it. The research objective is to analyze the characteristics of UMM analog rice consumers and the factors that influence consumer preferences for UMM analog rice in Malang. The research used a qualitative and quantitative approach by surveying 50 panelists in Malang City. Data were analyzed descriptively and factor analysis using SPSS. Consumer preferences of UMM Analog Rice are influenced by eight factors, namely product characteristics and health benefits, consumer income and personal factors, product preferences and roles, health perception and value factors, historical and promotional factors, price and marketing influence factors, marketing location factors, and product advantage factor. Product characteristics and health benefits are the factors that most influence consumer preferences for UMM Analog Rice in Malang. Product characteristics are the values contained in a product that describe the product. Originality/Value – UMM analog rice was introduced for diabetes mellitus sufferers. This study brings awareness to the importance of consuming nutritious and safe products for health.
Pulse Generation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Jansen W. B. , Bauman G. C. , Ellison J. M.
Published: October 2023

This study shows that cannula rigidity is a major contributor to adequate pulse generation during pulsatile bypass flow. In addition, there is a discussion of the analysis which led the authors to conclude that poor pulse generation was related to cannula, and a study of the level of hemolysis induced by the Cobe/Stockert pulsatile generator.
A Technique for Computer Assisted Monitoring in the Management of Total Heart-Lung Bypass
Authors: Riley Jeffrey B.
Published: October 2023

A technique for computer assisted data management during bypass is presented. The data entry requirements and example algorithms are included as well as patient examples.

Information flow parallels the heat, oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer system. A hemodynamic program has been developed for bypass application.

Employing a computing system to aid in monitoring during bypass not only offers the capability of rapid data manipulation but adds variable function and time plotting, alternative record keeping and long-term recall from memory for patient group evaluation or device performance comparison.
Abductor Hallucis Muscle Flap with Rotation Advancement of Skin for Resurfacing of Heel Ulcers in Leprosy Patients
Authors: Prakash Vishwa , Malaviya GN , Husain Sajid
Published: October 2023

Provision of durable skin cover for chronic ulcers of the heel is a challenging problem. It is compounded by the absence of sensation in leprosy patients. Abductor hallucis muscle flap with rotation advancement of sole skin has been found to be a satisfactory procedure in the management of heel ulcers in six leprosy patients.
Funding and financing the zero emissions journey: urban visions from the 100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities Mission
Authors: Ulpiani Giulia , Rebolledo Enrique , Vetters Nadja , Florio Pietro , Bertoldi Paolo
Published: October 2023

Cities play a critical role in delivering emission-free futures, yet the financial capacities, together with the unprecedented estimated capital requirements represent substantial barriers to climate action. In this study, we use data collected through the European Mission on 100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities to investigate how 362 ambitious, yet differently prepared cities are fostering climate investment, under three aspects of (i) financial readiness, (ii) financial proactiveness, and (iii) financial innovation. On one hand, according to their self-assessment, over 70% of the cities have not yet estimated—not even roughly—the total investment needed to become climate neutral and the majority (i) have experience in financing only a few specific climate projects, (ii) are ill-equipped to tap capital markets, (iii) have developed only marginally co-financing with the private sector, and (iv) have taken no steps to establish an investor-ready pipeline of projects contributing to climate neutrality. On the other hand, cities are at the forefront of financial innovation, creating blueprints and business models that are being tested under a learning-by-doing approach, creating deep and long-lasting transformative change, and establishing coordinating mechanisms with new critical players. In this context, current financial management, regulation, and institutional arrangements are key barriers to unlocking access to financing and creating an enabling environment for investment at the city level. The different levels of maturity in terms of financial readiness and institutional arrangements are discussed as the catalysers of climate financing at the city level.
Demobilizing knowledge in American schools: censoring critical perspectives
Authors: Hornbeck Dustin , Malin Joel R.
Published: October 2023

Controversies have erupted in recent years over the teaching of critical perspectives in United States K-12 schools, particularly related to issues of diversity, race, gender, and sexuality. These tensions have resulted in attacks on critical curriculum, with nearly one-third of states banning curriculum that offers critical views of the racial past of the U.S. and over 200 bills introduced in 40 states that would restrict curriculum related to diverse topics. In this study, we apply a knowledge mobilization framework to examine what and whose knowledge is being restricted in U.S. K-12 schools, and how and why this is happening. Our findings indicate that in 16 Republican-dominated states, policies have been enacted to restrict the teaching of critical perspectives on race, sexuality, and other controversial subjects and to perpetuate a positive view of U.S. history. The study sheds light on the prevalence, underlying nature, and consequences of these educational policies.
Escalation of a local conflict into a Cold War
Authors: Koizumi Hideto
Published: October 2023

Since the Russia–Ukraine conflict of 2022, the world has been headed toward a dichotomized world like the Cold War. The increasing division is not necessarily predicted by “rationalist” models based upon the costs and benefits of conflicts and trade. The existing scholarship theoretically and empirically finds that increasing trade between two countries makes it more likely that the two countries will avoid conflicts. The natural question is why the world is increasingly divided after one local conflict despite the increasing costs of division. This note sheds light on the driving forces of a dichotomy and its robustness by studying a simple signed network game model. In this game, a country chooses to be an ally or enemy of every other country. I show that one local conflict together with a particular strategy by one of the countries implicated in the conflict is sufficient to lead the world to a dichotomized world. In particular, I demonstrate that if that country employs a policy that a friend of my enemy is my enemy, then the world will always be divided into two groups, within which countries are allies and across which countries are enemies.
The complex MKDV equation with step-like initial data: Large time asymptotic analysis
Authors: Wang Zhaoyu , Xu Kai , Fan Engui
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we study large-time asymptotics for the complex modified Korteveg–de Vries equation with step-like initial data. It is shown that the step-like initial problem can be described by a matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem. Further we apply the steepest descent method to obtain different large-time asymptotics in the Zakharov–Manakov region, a plane wave region, and a slow decay region.
Phase spaces that cannot be cloned in classical mechanics
Authors: Yao Yuan
Published: October 2023

The quantum no cloning theorem is an essential result in quantum information theory. Following this idea, we give a physically natural definition of cloning in the context of classical mechanics using symplectic geometry, building on work of A. Fenyes, J. Math. Phys. 53, 012902 (2012). We observe, following Fenyes, any system with phase space (R2N,dxi∧dyi) can be cloned in our definition. However, we show that if (M, ω) can be cloned in our definition, then M must be contractible. For instance, this shows the simple pendulum cannot be cloned in Hamiltonian mechanics. We further formulate a robust notion of approximate cloning, and show that if (M, ω) can be approximately cloned, then M is contractible. We give interpretations of our results and in some special cases reconcile our no cloning theorems with the general experience that classical information is clonable. Finally we point to new directions of research, including a connection of our result with the classical measurement problem.
Broadband, tunable wavelength conversion using tapered silicon fibers extending up to 2.4 μm
Authors: Wu Dong , Saini Than S. , Sun Shiyu , Huang Meng , Fu Qiang , Hawkins Thomas W. , Ballato John , Peacock Anna C.
Published: October 2023

Wavelength conversion via four-wave mixing holds great promise for the construction of broadband and tunable light sources at wavelengths beyond 2 μm. In this work, we design and fabricate a tapered silicon core optical fiber with a dispersion profile that supports efficient conversion spanning the telecom band up to the edge of the mid-infrared spectral region over an extended propagation length. By pumping with a fiber laser centered around 1.99 μm, a tuning range of 690 nm has been measured, although simulations predict that a bandwidth of up to 1255 nm could be observed if a suitable seed source was available. Conversion efficiencies of ∼−30 dB have been obtained over a bandwidth of 380 nm when using an input pump power of only 6 dBm, with a maximum efficiency of −18 dB achieved when the conversion overlaps the strong Raman gain of the silicon core.
A review of piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid energy harvesters for different applications
Authors: Han Yuhang , He Lipeng , Sun Lei , Wang Hongxin , Zhang Zhonghua , Cheng Guangming
Published: October 2023

Social progress is inseparable from the utilization of energy, signals of extreme consumption of fossil energy and energy crisis appear frequently around the world. Human beings are paying more and more attention to new technologies and the sustainable development of energy collection and conversion. The emergence of piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electrostatic, and triboelectric mechanisms provides a variety of effective methods for new environmental energy collection and conversion technologies. Among them, the piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester (P-EHEH) has been widely studied due to its high output power, simple structure, and easy miniaturization. Continuous progress has been made in the research of P-EHEH through theoretical exploration, structural optimization, and performance improvement. This Review focuses on the review of P-EHEH at the application level. A detailed introduction summarizes the research status of P-EHEH applied to human body devices, monitoring sensors, and power supply devices, as well as the development status of back-end electronic modules and interface circuits. The future challenges and development prospects of P-EHEH are anticipated.
Attenuation characteristics analysis of the THz circularly polarized waves in inhomogeneous fully ionized dusty plasma using FPL model
Authors: Wang Zuyu , Yin Hongcheng , Dang Xunwang , Deng Haochuan , Ren Yao
Published: October 2023

When the hypersonic vehicle is flying, the plasma in the area near the stagnation point of the front end of the vehicle can be approximately seen as the fully ionized dusty plasma. Due to the existence of dust particles, dusty plasma affects the communication quality of the hypersonic vehicle. In this paper, the general Boltzmann equation applicable to dusty plasmas containing electrons and the Fokker–Planck–Landau collision model are combined to derive a general formula for the electron distribution function of fully ionized dusty plasmas. Considering the contribution of the collision effect and charging effect to the dispersion relationship of fully ionized dusty plasma, the dielectric constant of fully ionized dusty plasma under an external magnetic field is solved. The Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method is used to calculate the attenuation coefficient (α) of the THz wave in fully ionized dusty plasma, and the influence of the external magnetic field strength and other dusty plasma parameters on the attenuation characteristics of the THz circularly polarized wave is analyzed. The research results show that the α of the THz left-hand circularly polarized wave decreases with the increase in the external magnetic field strength, while the α of the THz right-hand circularly polarized wave increases. In addition, increasing the dust particle radius, dust particle density, and electron density in a certain frequency range can increase the α of the THz circularly polarized waves. These research results provide theoretical guidance for the exploration of the interaction mechanism between the THz waves and fully ionized dusty plasma.
Current fluctuations and domain depinning in quasi-two-dimensional charge-density-wave 1T-TaS2 thin films
Authors: Brown Jonas O. , Taheri Maedeh , Kargar Fariborz , Salgado Ruben , Geremew Tekwam , Rumyantsev Sergey , Lake Roger K. , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: October 2023

We investigated the temperature dependence of the current fluctuations in thin films of the quasi-two-dimensional 1T-TaS2 van der Waals material. The current fluctuations, determined from the derivative current–voltage characteristics of two-terminal 1T-TaS2 devices, appear prominently at the electric fields that correspond to the transitions between various charge-density-wave macroscopic quantum condensate phases and at the onset of the depinning of the charge density wave domains. The depinning threshold field, ED, monotonically increases with decreasing temperature within the nearly commensurate charge-density-wave phase. The ED value increases with the decreasing 1T-TaS2 film thickness, revealing the surface pinning of the charge density waves. Our analysis suggests that the domain depinning is pronounced in the nearly commensurate phase. It is induced by the electric field but facilitated by local heating. The measured trends for ED of the domain depinning are important for understanding the physics of charge density waves in quasi-two-dimensional crystals and for developing electronic devices based on this type of quantum materials.
Design of a cross-band frequency hopping high power microwave oscillator with permanent magnet package
Authors: Zhou Fugui , Zhang Dian , Zhang Jun , Jin Zhenxing , Zhou Yunxiao
Published: October 2023

A cross-band frequency hopping high power microwave (HPM) oscillator with permanent magnet package was proposed. The oscillator comprises of an inner Ku-band hollow oscillator and an outer C-band coaxial oscillator. By comparing with other cross-band HPM oscillators, this device is quite compact and high efficiency, for the guiding magnetic field is as low as 0.43 T, which is provided by a 74 kg permanent magnet. Since the cathode can be adjusted telescopically to produce annular electron beams at different radius, different bands HPMs can be generated in the inner and the outer slow wave structure. Verified by particle-in-cell simulation, a HPM with a frequency of 7.8 GHz and a power of 3.1 GW is achieved for C-band, corresponding to a power efficiency of 45%. Respectively, a Ku-band HPM output with a frequency of 14.4 GHz and a power of 1.3 GW were obtained, corresponding to a power efficiency of 45%.
Investigation of the combined effect of control rods and forced rotation on a cylinder
Authors: Chen Wei , Bao Yanxu , Chai Wei , Li Jie , Rheem Chang-Kyu , Lin Yongshui , Li Xiaobin
Published: October 2023

A novel structure combining the application of control rods and forced rotation on a cylinder is proposed based on the cylindrical vibration suppression, and the combined structure is numerically simulated at a low Reynolds number of 200, an attack angle of 0°–105°, and a rotation rate of 0−1. The vortex-induced vibration responses, fluid forces, and cylindrical wake evolution are analyzed, and the VIV suppression is compared and discussed. The results show that the merging of the vortex layers on the cylinder and control rods promotes cylindrical vortex shedding, causing a high amplitude cylinder response. The cylinder vibrates at a low amplitude for no vortex layer merging. Rotation causes increased directional sensitivity of the control rod to cylindrical amplitude suppression. A 98%-cylinder amplitude suppression can be achieved by combining the control rod and rotation, while only 60% can be achieved by the control rods or rotation alone, indicating that the combined structure is highly effective for amplitude suppression.
Bubble bursting in a weakly viscoelastic liquid
Authors: Rodríguez-Díaz P. , Rubio A. , Montanero J. M. , Gañán-Calvo A. M. , Cabezas M. G.
Published: October 2023

We study the bursting of bubbles in weakly viscoelastic liquids. The dissolved macromolecules form a monolayer at the water–air interface, influencing the bubble dynamics during the cavity collapse. For an optimum polymer concentration, the interfacial effects dampen short-wavelength waves, which intensifies the focusing of energy powering the jet ejection. This results in a significant increase (decrease) in the first-emitted droplet velocity (radius). The jet formation produces strain rates leading to a significant increase in the extensional viscosity. This extensional thickening reduces (increases) the first-emitted droplet velocity (radius). Bulk viscoelasticity produces a large difference between the velocity of the jet front at the tank surface level and the velocity of the first-emitted droplet. This droplet coalescence with others that are subsequently emitted, even for small polymer concentrations. Overall, viscoelasticity considerably hinders the ejection of small droplets, even for quasi-Newtonian liquids. The droplet emission is suppressed for smaller polymer concentrations when the bubble radius is decreased.
An arbitrary-order immersed interface method for the two-dimensional propagation of acoustic and elastic waves
Authors: Sabatini Roberto , Monti Alessandro , Pailhas Yan , Xenaki Angeliki , Cristini Paul
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes an arbitrary-order immersed interface method for simulating the two-dimensional propagation of acoustic and elastic waves through fluid/solid interfaces. The present technique involves two main ingredients: (1) the linearized equations of continuum mechanics are simulated through an ADER (Arbitrary high-order schemes using DERivatives) scheme of arbitrary-order in both space and time [Schwartzkopff et al., J. Comput. Phys. 197(2), 532–539 (2004)]; (2) the jump conditions along the material interfaces are taken into account through the “explicit simplified interface method” (ESIM) derived by Lombard and Piraux [J. Comput. Phys. 195(1), 90–116, 2004]. To implement the ESIM, arbitrary-order spatial derivatives of the interface conditions must be calculated. To this end, an algorithm not requiring their explicit analytical expressions is developed for their numerical computation. Two numerical experiments involving flat and curved interfaces are finally discussed. When increasing the order of both the ADER scheme and of the interface treatment, the improvement of the convergence and of the accuracy of the numerical method is more specifically demonstrated by comparing the numerical results with analytical solutions.
The second shear-thinning and strain-stiffening behaviors of bidisperse non-colloidal suspensions
Authors: Lin Peifeng , Wang Rui , Hu Xiao , Zhu Zuchao , Zhu Chenlin
Published: October 2023

Experimental research is done to determine the shear-thinning behavior of a bidisperse non-colloidal suspension under steady-state shear and the strain-stiffening behavior under oscillatory shear. The second shear-thinning behavior is displayed when the volume fraction of the bidisperse particle suspension is between medium and high. It exhibits with an increase in shear rate, the viscosity drops by approximately three orders of magnitude. At low shear rates, a strong particle size dependence of viscosity is observed, while at high shear rates, the particle size dependence is almost non-existent. To further understand the behavior of the second shear thinning, three sets of oscillatory shear tests and steady-state shear tests (constant shear rate) are carried out at three stopping points in parallel using a unique experimental technique we have developed. The values of modulus and viscosity at the third position are significantly smaller than those at the first and second positions. In the oscillatory shear test, the storage and loss moduli of the bidisperse suspension first decrease and then increase as the strain amplitude increases. The particle volume fraction, not the particle size, is closely related to the bidisperse critical strain amplitude. Compared with monodisperse suspension, bidisperse suspension has low viscosity and larger modulus well under steady-state shear and oscillatory shear operations, which is beneficial to the development of new materials and processes. Moreover, by adding a surfactant of a specific concentration to the bidisperse sample, it is proved that the change in the microstructure of the suspension particle is responsible for the rheological properties of the suspension.
Wide flow model for converging gravity currents and the effects of the flow resistance model on the propagation
Authors: Longo S.
Published: October 2023

We are investigating flows in the viscous-buoyancy balance regime in a converging channel with a cross section described by a power function y∼xkzr, where x and y are the streamwise and spanwise horizontal coordinates, respectively, and z is the vertical coordinate. We are interested in the different results depending on whether we use a simplified model of the flow resistance law, which varies depending on whether the height of the current is much greater/smaller than the channel width or a somewhat more general model described by the Darcy–Weisbach equation in which the flow resistance law depends on the shape of the cross section through the Fanning friction factor. The simplified models, one of which developed here is original and new, allow a self-similar solution of the second kind, unlike the general model. The general model, to the best of our knowledge applied for the first time to a generic cross section described by a power function, requires numerical integration. However, a comparison of the front propagation of the gravity current according to the different models, performed by numerical integration of the differential problem, shows that the current assumes a self-similar arrangement as a good approximation for the general model. For some channel geometries, the three models give a very similar result, which results in a difficult attribution to a specific model based on experiments. The effects of anisotropy in the vertical direction of the channel cross section are also highlighted by both the numerical and self-similar solutions.
Taylor halos and Taylor spears in odd viscous liquids
Authors: Kirkinis E. , Olvera de la Cruz M.
Published: October 2023

A body placed in a rigidly rotating fluid becomes circumscribed by a fictitious cylinder with generators parallel to the axis of rotation, a Taylor column. Slowly moving liquid impinging on the body will swerve around the cylinder. Thus, Taylor columns may form when a breeze impinges on a mountain or when slowly moving oceanic water impinges on a seamount, both due to the Earth's rotation. Here, we show that classical non-rotating liquids endowed with an odd or Hall coefficient of viscosity, exhibiting nondissipative behavior, also give rise to Taylor column structures resembling halos or spears. Steady three-dimensional flow of such a liquid becomes effectively two dimensional, swirling around the Taylor column imitating its rigidly rotating counterparts. Formation of Taylor halos and spears is attributed to the propagation of data along characteristics that may be parallel or oblique to a center axis, respectively.
Deciphering RNA splicing logic with interpretable machine learning
Authors: Liao Susan E. , Sudarshan Mukund , Regev Oded
Published: October 2023

Machine learning methods, particularly neural networks trained on large datasets, are transforming how scientists approach scientific discovery and experimental design. However, current state-of-the-art neural networks are limited by their uninterpretability: Despite their excellent accuracy, they cannot describe how they arrived at their predictions. Here, using an “interpretable-by-design” approach, we present a neural network model that provides insights into RNA splicing, a fundamental process in the transfer of genomic information into functional biochemical products. Although we designed our model to emphasize interpretability, its predictive accuracy is on par with state-of-the-art models. To demonstrate the model’s interpretability, we introduce a visualization that, for any given exon, allows us to trace and quantify the entire decision process from input sequence to output splicing prediction. Importantly, the model revealed uncharacterized components of the splicing logic, which we experimentally validated. This study highlights how interpretable machine learning can advance scientific discovery.
Metonymy in the nomenclature of Japanese traditional colors
Authors: Toratani Kiyoko
Published: October 2023

This paper offers a cognitive semantic analysis of 185 nominal-nominal compounds that are used to express Japanese traditional colors (e.g.,budoo-nezumi[grape-rat] ‘plum purple’). It explores the types of nominals adopted into compounds, the components’ semantic relations, and the types of metonymy involved in the meaning construction. The most frequently found semantic relations of the two components of the compounds are: (i)color of the ‘right’ blended with color of the ‘left’, where both components are construed metonymically viawhole for the part(e.g.,budoo-nezumi[grape-rat] ‘plum purple’ is a blend of two colors: grey, expressed bynezumi‘rat’ (whole), standing for the animal’s hair color (part), and dark purple, expressed bybudoo‘grape’ (whole), standing for the fruit’s skin color (part)); and (ii)color of the ‘left’, expressed by theX-iro[X-color] compound (e.g.,kohaku-iro[amber-color] ‘amber’). While both components in theX-irocompounds are typically used literally, overall, 65% of the 185 compounds involve metonymy (whole for the part, action for result, among others), suggesting the important role played by metonymy in meaning construction of the compounds expressing Japanese traditional colors.
Metaphors and pseudometaphors of language as controversial messages in public discourse about Serbian
Authors: Čičin-Šain Višnja
Published: October 2023

Set in the contemporary public discourse about the Serbian language, this paper demonstrates how metaphors of and about language constructed with the source domains of violence and war (e.g., language occupation, language as battlefield, to fight for language) may serve nationalistic political aims and act as conflict-inciting messages, under the pretenses of typical language purism or ‘language care’. The concept of pseudometaphor is introduced as a figuration-based discursive strategy whereby metaphors for language, underpinned by the language-language users metonymy, may serve as tools for covertly conveying controversial messages about their respective language users. The analysis covers public discourse published in a span of eight years (2010–2018), involving institutionalized language and political campaigns, and less institutionalized public language debates. As convergent evidence for pseudo-metaphoricity of the language-war/violence metaphors and their potential for instigating inter-ethnic conflict, the analysis includes critical voices that expose the dominant ideology through literalization of their metaphorical models.
Linee di tendenza aggiornate della formazione di parola dell’italiano contemporaneo
Authors: Micheli M. Silvia
Published: October 2023

Astratta

L’articolo delinea un profilo della formazione di parola dell’italiano a partire dai primi anni Duemila, sulla
base di un repertorio di neoformazioni attestate negli ultimi due decenni. L’analisi conferma alcune tendenze già identificate da
studi precedenti, tra cui la preminenza della derivazione come strategia più frequentemente adoperata dai parlanti e la
significativa produttività della composizione con un elemento formativo (più frequentemente a sinistra) e una parola autonoma.
D’altra parte, i dati raccolti e analizzati suggeriscono alcuni aspetti innovativi verso cui orientare la ricerca futura, tra cui
la formazione e la possibile grammaticalizzazione degli elementi formativi e l’impiego di elementi non italiani nella creazione di
nuove parole strutturalmente ibride.
Vibratory polishing effects on passivity of 304L stainless steel surfaces
Authors: Neupane Shova , Zanna Sandrine , Seyeux Antoine , Maurice Vincent , Marcus Philippe
Published: October 2023

Surface spectroscopy analysis and electrochemistry were applied to study the effects of surface preparation by vibratory polishing on the passivity of stainless steel 304L surfaces. Compared to grinding by traditional mechanical polishing, vibratory polishing promotes the enrichment of Cr(III) oxide and hydroxide species in the duplex chemical structure of the surface native oxide film by enhancing selective Fe oxidation and dissolution. As a result, spontaneous passivity, tested in aggressive sulphuric acid electrolyte, is enhanced. However, in the absence of enrichment in Mo(IV) and Mo(VI) species in the passive film, the Cr enrichment does not enhance passivity upon anodic polarisation nor increase the resistance to Cl-induced passivity breakdown and initiation of localised corrosion in accelerated testing conditions. The results provide comprehensive insight into the mechanisms underlying the passivity enhancement of stainless steel by surface engineering.