bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection. Review of current clinical guidelines
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, NIKOLAEVA I. V. , KHALIULLINA S. V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, MURTAZINA G. Kh. ,   Kazan State Medical University, ANOKHIN V. A. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: March 2021

Clostridioides difficile (CDI) infection is a disease associated with a disruption of the gut microbiome with over-colonization of C. difficile, the toxins of which cause inflammation and damage to the colon. A dynamic assessment of the CDI prevalence indicates a significant increase in laboratory-confirmed cases of infection and a high mortality associated with it. C. difficile is recognized as the main causative agent of nosocomial infections in Europe, USA, Canada and Australia, which develops 48 hours after hospitalization in a medical facility and within 12 weeks after discharge. The severity of CDI is determined by the severity of infectious-toxic, diarrheal and abdominal syndromes. Severe CDI is characterized by manifestations of colitis, accompanied by severe leukocytosis, a decrease in albumin levels and an increase in serum creatinine levels. Development of fulminant forms, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, intestinal perforation, sepsis is possible. The risk factors include in-hospital stay; recent use of antibiotics (within the previous 12 weeks, especially the use of fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins of III–IV generations, carbapenems and clindamycin), PPI and H2-histamine blockers; presence of inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease), immunodeficiency states, including iatrogenic; recent endoscopic examinations, surgical interventions on the gastrointestinal tract, tube feeding, enemas; possible contact with a family member who recently had a C..difficile infection. The «gold standard» for confirming the CDI diagnosis is the identification of the causative agent and/or toxins of C. difficile in the stool using specific laboratory research methods. Vancomycin or metronidazole are recommended as first-line therapy.
Risk factors for development of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to antibiotics
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, SEMENOV S. A. , KHASANOVA G. R. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: March 2021

Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for a wide range of human diseases, often with a severe course and prognosis. The growing resistance of pneumococci to certain classes of antibiotics limits the treatment of pneumococcal infections. The study of factors that influence the formation of antibiotic resistance of the pathogen is important for developing a strategy to counter this phenomenon and for predicting the presence of microbial resistance in a particular patient when choosing a drug for empirical therapy. This review presents the results of studies of some potential risk factors for the formation of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to antibiotics. The most important of these is the previous administration of antibiotics, especially in the last few months. Previous diseases, previous hospitalization, and the nosocomial nature of pneumonia are also considered as factors that allow predicting the colonization of loci by antibiotic-resistant strains of pneumococci. Staying at long-term care facilities and attending organized groups (schools and kindergartens) may also increase the risk of colonization of the respiratory tract by antibiotic-resistant strains of pneumococci. The frequency of isolation of pneumococcus strains insensitive to certain antibiotics is also characterized by wide geographical variability.
Black Hole and Selective Forwarding Attack Detection and Prevention in IoT in Health Care Sector: Hybrid meta-heuristic-based shortest path routing
Authors: Srinivas T. Aditya Sai , Manivannan S.S.
Published: March 2021

In the current health care scenario, security is the major concern in IoT-WSN with more devices or nodes. Attack or anomaly detection in the IoT infrastructure is increasing distress in the field of medical IoT. With the enormous usage of IoT infrastructure in every province, threats and attacks in these infrastructures are also mounting commensurately. This paper intends to develop a security mechanism to detect and prevent the black hole and selective forwarding attack from medical IoT-WSN. The proposed secure strategy is developed in five stages: First is selecting the cluster heads, second is generating k-routing paths, third is security against black hole attack, fourth is security against the selective forwarding attack, and the last is optimal shortest route path selection. Initially, a topology is developed for finding the cluster heads and discovering the best route. In the next phase, the black hole attacks are detected and prevented by the bait process. For detecting the selective forwarding attacks, the packet validation is done by checking the transmitted packet and the received packet. For promoting the packet security, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)-based hashing function is deployed. As the main contribution of this paper, optimal shortest route path is determined by the proposed hybrid algorithm with the integration of Deer Hunting Optimization Algorithm (DHOA), and DragonFly Algorithm (DA) termed Dragonfly-based DHOA (D-DHOA) by concerting the parameters like trust, distance, delay or latency and packet loss ratio in the objective model. Hence, the entire phases will be very active in detecting and preventing the two fundamental attacks like a black hole and selective forwarding from IoT-WSN in the health care sector.
Renal Cancer Without Primary Cancer in the Kidney: Extra-Renal TFE3 Translocation Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Petrinec Benjamin , Vargas Bryan Morales , Harik Lara R. , Master Viraj A.
Published: March 2021

We report a case of an isolated para-aortic retroperitoneal renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the absence of a primary cancer in the kidney. Single case reports in the literature have described extra-renal RCC in different locations with no evidence of primary renal tumor. We present the initial presentation, diagnostic imaging, surgical treatment, and pathologic evaluation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positivity for TFE3 and TFEB, both of which are Microphthalmia associated transcription factors (MiT) associated with translocation RCCs. We hypothesize these few cases of extra-renal RCC represent rare forms of translocation RCC.
Early Prevention of Extremism Through Multi-Agency Use of the Model for Assessment for Concerns About Extremism (MACE)
Authors: Gillman Katrina Maria , Freund Aya Mortag
Published: March 2021

The model for assessment for concerns about extremism (MACE) is a process-model developed for a multi-agency collaboration where relevant authorities assess concerns about extremism in a Danish context. This assessment is made with the sole purpose of early prevention. The concerns can range from mild to very serious concerns where there is need for some kind of preventive measure or intervention. This chapter introduces the development of the model as well as a description of the phases of the model and the assessment tools that support that process. Finally, a range of learning points and recommendations are listed to sum up the chapter.
RADAR-iTE 2.0: An Instrument of the German State Protection – Structure, Development and Current Stage of Evaluation
Authors: Sadowski Friederike , Meier Hamta , Sonka Celina , Witt Rainer , Malzacher Juliane
Published: March 2021

RADAR-iTE is an actuarial risk assessment instrument developed specifically for the German Police in the field of state protection. The purpose of the instrument is the prioritization of individuals of the Islamist spectrum known by the police in terms of their risk to commit politically motivated serious violence in Germany. The specific requirements of an instrument developed for the police and the adapted research process are outlined. This is followed by the description of the evaluation and revision of the instrument after one year of application by the German police. The result of this process, the current version 2.0 of RADAR-iTE is introduced and an insight into the implementation process of the instrument is also provided. Finally, the limitations of RADAR-iTE are discussed
Tratamento conservativo de Genu recurvatum bilateral em cão – relato de caso
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Galeno Lygia Silva , Souza Thiago Martins ,   Universidade Federal do Piauí, Melo Alex Cardoso de ,   Universidade Federal do Piauí, Araújo Bruno Martins ,   Universidade Federal do Piauí, Lima Tiago Barbalho ,   Universidade Estadual do Maranhão
Published: March 2021

We report the case of a dog, 2 months old, who had hyperextension of the pelvic limbs and impossibility of joint flexion since birth. Based on clinical findings and complementary exams, a diagnosis of Genu recurvatum was established, from which, using moderate clinical signs, a conservative treatment was chosen, which consisted of immobilization, which were changed every four days. The patient achieved functional recovery of the limbs with 12 days of bandaging, with a favorable result, as he restored the functionality of the limbs. Adequate knowledge of the technique for making the bandage is important for the success of the treatment and to avoid complications related to immobilization.
THE EFFECT OF METFORMIN AND GLIMEPIRIDE ON PLATELET COUNT AND INDICES AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS WERE ATTENDING JABER ABU ALIZ DIABETIC CENTER IN KHARTOUM STATE
Authors: Hussein Hussein  Abker , Elmagzoub Fatima-Elzhra Ahmed , Babikir Dalia Mohammed , Samaan Mouna Adel
Published: March 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global pandemic, Platelets have crucial role in accelerated atherosclerosis and thrombosis which characterize DM.

Aim

The aim of the study was to detect the effect of two major oral hypoglycemic drugs (Metformin and Glimepiride) on platelet count and indices{ MPV (Mean platelet volume), PLCR (platelet large cell ratio),PDW (platelet distribution width)}.Beside, to studythe effects of variation induration of the drug, dose of drug, HbA1C level and associated complications.

Material and methods

A case control study was performed 146subjects 50 were using metformin, 46 were using Glimepiride in addition to 50 apparently healthy non-diabetic matching for age and sex subjects have been tested as control group.

EDTA anti-coagulated venous blood samples has been taken from eachsubject , platelet count and indices were measured using automatic blood counter (Sysmex KX-21N) and HbA1C was Measured using Ichroma II . Statistics was performed by SPSS (version 22).

Results

The results showed that both types of treatment (Metformin, Glimepiride)have reduced the platelets indices but the reduction in Glimepiride was insignificant except in PDW when comparedwith controls. Also both treatments have no effect on platelet count and there was insignificant variation between different doses of metformin and Glimepiride.Glimepiride diabetic patients from 15 to 20 yearshave increased platelet count in contrast to patients whom used glimepiride for less than 15 years.there was increased platelet count and decreased platelet indices in patients with foot ulcers whom using glimepiride than patients without complications. Also increased platelet indices in patients with HbA1C level less than 6% in contrast to those with HbA1C more than 7%.

Conclusion

It is concluded that both types of drugsreduce platelet indices. Glimepiride have a good prognostic effect on the Pro-thrombotic state and accelerated atherosclerosis which is associated with type 2 study population because the platelet indices were insignificant compared withcontrols.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Metformin, Glimepiride, platelet count and indices
Integração econômica, identidade sul-americana e do sudeste asiático, como via para a cidadania global
Authors: Teodoro Antonio , Coelho Artur da Silva , Fidelis Jussara
Published: March 2021

O processo de globalização desencadeou possibilidade de mudanças em todos os campos do conhecimento e da vida em sociedade. Houve, também, uma descaracterização da política tradicional, tanto no âmbito doméstico quanto no internacional, tal processo, gerou a necessidade de se repensar o conceito clássico de cidadania até então vigente, que está em curso nas diferentes regiões do mundo. O objetivo deste estudo é mostrar que o processo de construção de uma cidadania global, parece estar trilhando o mesmo caminho do processo de globalização econômica já em adiantado curso, onde são formadas alianças regionais para fortalecimento regional e atuação forte junto ao comercio internacional. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa bibliográfica feita a partir do levantamento de referências teóricas já analisadas, e publicadas por meios escritos e eletrônicos, como livros, artigos científicos, páginas de web sites. Os resultados mostram um processo similar de atuação dos blocos, visto que no caso da cidadania global, a estratégia está em fortalecer a identidade regional, para no segundo momento estabelecer uma cidadania regional com possibilidade posterior de encampar o processo de cidadania global.
Identidade Rotulada: Lugar do psicodiagnóstico na construção do homem no conceito de si mesmo e suas implicações futuras
Authors: França Maria Cristina Cavalieri , Silva Carlos Roberto Ferreira da
Published: March 2021

Este artigo objetivou identificar quais são as possíveis implicações do psicodiagnóstico fundamentado no CID 10, no que se refere à construção da imagem de si mesmo segundo a Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa. Dito isso, ele foi desenvolvido através de revisões bibliográficas e, também, apresenta a menção de um caso clínico que nos permitiu evidenciar a possibilidade de um enquadramento favorecer um adoecimento e, não apenas, se prestar à indicação de um tratamento, de modo que seja realizado através de um levantamento reflexivo, tomando cuidados necessários para que o psicodiagnóstico não interfira no processo da tendência à autoatualização do paciente envolvido.
ANALYSIS OF e-INVOICE IMPLEMENTATION IN INPUT TAX CONTROL
Authors: Nurdiansyah Dian Hakip , Nawawi Ahmad , Kosasih Kosasih , Sundamanik Siti Jamilah
Published: March 2021

The purpose of analyzing the application of e-invoice in controlling tax credit input of PT. TT Metals Indonesia, the obstacles that occur and how to overcome the obstacles in the implementation of Electronic Tax Invoice in control in an effort to prevent the issuance of fictitious tax invoices. Researcher method uses qualitative research with descriptive analysis. The results of this study are that PT. TT Metals Indonesia Karawang in the percentage that before the occurrence of tax invoices in 2013 amounted to 0.92% while after the Tax Invoice in 2015 amounted to 0.05% shows that experiencing a decrease in losses due to input tax correction before and after the application of e-invoice. Constraints that arise during the application of the Electronic Tax Invoice are dependence on the system and internet network connection, the inadequate level of ability and negligence of the Taxable Entrepreneur and the Taxable Entrepreneur computer facility, while the alternative way to overcome the obstacles that arise during the application of the Electronic Tax Invoice is through an increase the quality of the information system network, and appeals to Taxable Entrepreneurs to update the computer.
PENGARUH ATRIBUT PRODUK BALI STUTI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN DI KOTA DENPASAR BALI
Authors: Oviani Gusti Ayu , Listiani Putu Ayu Ratih
Published: March 2021

The potential market increase leads to an increase in the cosmetics industry. The back to nature trend, the availability of raw materials and the support of the tourism industry, especially in Bali, opens up opportunities for the development of natural-based cosmetics, one of which is Bali Stuti from PT. Karya Pak Oles Tokcer. The purpose of this study is to analyze the product’s attribute (quality; brand; design and packaging) that affect customer satisfaction of Bali Stuti. This research is an analytical study using a questionnaire instrument with a 4-point Likert scale with favorable and unfavorable statements and filled in by respondents that meet the inclusion criteria. Sampling techniques with incidental sampling. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability and then analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results of the study found that the product’s attributes affect customer satisfaction. Design and packaging factors partially have a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction, so there is a need for development and innovation in design and packaging to increase customer satisfaction.
Perbandingan Klitik Pronomina Bahasa Sasak dengan Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Muh Ardian
Published: March 2021

This research aims at describing comparison of pronoun clitic of Sasak language and bahasa using contrastive linguistics analysis. So far, contrastive linguistics is more used to contrast non- cognate languages. Furthermore, this research tries to compare cognate languages, they are Sasak and bahasa. Listening and leading proficiency method were used in collecting data while intralingual equivalent was used in analyzing data. The result shows that there is difference between Sasak n bahasa pronouns clitic. It s identified by Sasak clitic is only as enclitic while bahasa can be both proclitic and enclitic. Another difference is that Sasak clitics always attach to the host word, while bahasa, clitic can be used separately with the host word. Besides, for further review, this pronoun clitic comparison will implicate didactically, especially in Sasak learning to bahasa learner of local material in elementary n junior high school level, and vice versa.
BİR TEKSTİL FİRMASININ FİNANSAL PERFORMANSININ TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYET MERKEZ BANKASI SEKTÖR ORTALAMARI İLE KARŞILAŞTIRLMASI (2017- 2019
Authors: MAZMAN İTİK Ülkü
Published: March 2021

Yoğun rekabet ortamında varlığını sürdürmek isteyen işletmeler cari dönem ve geçmiş dönem bilgilerinden yola çıkarak mali tablolarını çeşitli yöntemlerle analize tabi tutmaktadırlar. Bu analiz türlerinden birisi olan oran analizi işletmenin likidite durumunu mali yapısını ve karlılık oranı gibi birçok konuda işletmeye gerekli bilgileri sağlayan bir analiz türüdür. Yapılan bu çalışma Borsa İstanbul'da tekstil sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir şirketin 2017-2018-2019 yıllarına ait finansal tablolarına oran analizi uygulanmasını temel almıştır. Oran analizi sonucu elde edilen rasyolar Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası'nın 2019 yılında yayınladığı sektör ortalamaları ile karşılaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda şirketin maliyet yapısının sektör ortalamaları ile uyumlu olduğu ancak likidite oranları açısından yetersiz kaldığı ve finansal kaldıraç oranının yüksek olması sebebiyle olumlu bir tablo sergilemediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
KRİPTO PARALARIN POPÜLARİTESİ İLE DEĞERLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ: ASİMETRİK NEDENSELLİK TESTİ UYGULAMASI
Authors: TUNÇEL Mert Baran , ALPTÜRK Yaşar , GÜRSOY Samet
Published: March 2021

Küresel Piyasalarda gerçekleşen risk algısı ile birlikte parasal işleyişte değişmektedir. Önce paranın metallerden kâğıda ve daha sonra da dijital rakamlara dönüşmüştür. Para giderek soyutlaşmış ve artık devletlerden bağımsız, bireyler tarafından üretilebilen donanıma sahip hale gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda kriptoloji yöntemi olarak oluşturulan paralar ortaya çıkmış, hatta bugün bu paralar ile ödemeler gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada kripto paralar olarak adlandırılan bu ödeme aracının popülaritesi ile değeri arasında bir ilişki araştırılmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak en çok kullanılan 6 kripto para olan: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Riple, Tether, Litecoin ve Bitcoincash 6 Ağustos 2017 ila 19 Nisan 2020 dönemleri arasında haftalık kapanış verileri kullanılarak Hatemi-j asimetrik nedensellik testi çalıştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda bu paraların popülaritesi ile fiyatları arasında pozitif ve negatif tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanmıştır. Yalnız Bitcoin, Ethereum ve Bitcoincash`in bilinirlikleri ile hem positif hem de negatif çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu bulgusuna erişilmiştir.
PEMBERDAYAGUNAAN IMBAL HASIL WAKAF UANG MELALUI SUKUK: REGULASI, IMPLEMENTASI, DAN MODELNYA UNTUK PEMBERDAYAGUNAAN USAHA MIKRO, KECIL, DAN MENENGAH DI INDONESIA
Authors:   Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak, Indra Sukma , Hakim Muhammad Lutfi ,   Fakultas Syariah, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak
Published: March 2021

UMKM memiliki peran strategis dalam pembangunan ekonomi nasional, bahkan dapat bertahan dari krisis yang terjadi pada 1997-1998 di Indonesia. Sayangnya, ketangguhan UMKM ini tidak berarti apa-apa dihadapkan COVID-19. Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) yang merupakan hasil integrasi dari wakaf tunai dengan Suku Negara hadir di tengah ancaman krisis dari COVID-19. Kemanfaatannya dapat dijadikan sebagai sarana pembangunan nasional dan kesejahteraan sosial, termasuk perberdayaan UMKM. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian pustaka dengan menelusuri aturan perundang-undangan, jurnal-jurnal, buku-buku, hasil penelitian, dan sumber-sumber lain di internet yang dapat membantu penulis untuk menganalisis dan merumuskan model pemanfaatan dari imbal hasil CWLS untuk pemberdayagunaan UMKM. Studi ini menyatakan bahwa inovasi dalam pengelolaan wakaf tunai merupakan bentuk biokratisasi hukum ekonomi Islam yang mendapat perhatian serius oleh pemerintah akhir-akhir ini. Pemerintah dan Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) bersinergi dalam membuat produk hukum berupa peraturan perundang-udangan dan fatwa-fatwa yang melegalkan wakaf tunai, sukuk, dan CWLS. Platform CWLS merupakan penempatan dana wakaf tunai pada Surat Berharga Syariah Negara (SBSN) untuk mendukung program pembangunan sarana sosial. Imbal hasil darinya akan dimanfaatkan untuk renovasi Gedung Retina Center, pembelian peralatan kesehatan dan terlayaninya 2.513 pasien dhuafa secara gratis di Rumah Sakit Wakaf Achmad Wardi BWI-WD. Pemberdayagunaan bagi hasil CWLS dapat juga digunakan untuk mengatasi ancaman krisis akibat COVID-19 dengan memberikan bantuan modal usaha bergulir kepada pelaku UMKM di Indonesia. Ada tiga model pemberdayagunaan imbal hasil CWLS bagi pelaku UMKM, yaitu model in-kind, model qard al-hasan dan model mudhārabah.
The Relationship between Leadership and Employees’ Work Motivation in Regional Secretariat Office of Minahasa Regency
Authors: Wuisang Jerry Rommy Herter , Rawung Stanny Sicilia , Kaligis Jenny Nancy
Published: March 2021

The major problem facing by the Regional Secretariat of Minahasa Regency is the lack of leaders’ attention to employees’ motivation and passion at work. This study aims to measure the relationship between leadership and employees’ work motivation in the Regional Secretariat Office of Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. It occupies a central role in advancing employees’ work motivation and passion. This study uses a quantitative method to measure leadership’s effect on employees’ motivation and work passion. Questionnaires were used as the main instrument to obtain the data. These questionnaires were distributed to all respondents in this study. This study’s population was predominantly made up of twenty-four employees in the Regional Secretariat Office of Minahasa Regency. Due to the limited population (24 employees), this study used all of the population as the samples. The results of this study showed a significant relationship between leadership and employees’ motivation. Since leadership is directing and influencing employees’ activity process, leaders should diligently extend it to their organizations utmost.
Konstruksi Kedisiplinan melalui Habituasi Kegiatan Keagamaan
Authors: Muhlisin Muhammad , Nurhidin Edi
Published: March 2021

The low disciplinary behavior of students is one of the problems faced by many educational institutions. Even though discipline is the personality builder of the student. By practicing discipline, other good habits will come. Strengthening student discipline can be inserted through school activities or school culture according to the needs and conditions of the school. Therefore, this article describes the school culture in the form of istigasah activities to strengthen student discipline at SMP Al-Ikhlas Tarokan Kediri. This research uses a qualitative approach. The data collection was carried out using the interview method, observing, collecting and examining, and feeling. Data analysis used includes pattern matching, making explanations, and time series analysis. The results showed that the implementation of istigasah at SMP Al-Ikhlas Tarokan Kediri has been running well. However, some efforts are still needed so that these istigasah activities can be carried out consistently. Implemented methods include: implementing discipline, checking student notebooks, exemplary teachers, and using rewards and punishments.
Type III autoimmune polyglandular syndrome: association between Type 1 Diabetes mellitus and Hashimoto thyroiditis
Authors: Silvério Alissa Pupin , Bazuco Gabriela Teixeira , Merotti Isabela Nicoletti , Beretens Julia Dayrell , Machado Simone Caetani , Silvério Alessandra Cristina Pupin
Published: March 2021

Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APSS) are associations of two or more endocrine diseases of autoimmune origin that affect between 5-10% of the population. The grouping of these diseases depends on genetic and environmental factors, their different presentations allow the distinction of the subtypes of APS. The objective is to report the case of a patient with type III A polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, characterized by Hashimoto's thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with hyperprolactinemia and Gilbert's syndrome. The patient began to show the symptoms of the syndrome at the age of 10 progressively. The treatment of each disease is being carried out, with no specific treatment for the syndrome in the literature.
O impacto do diagnóstico do HIV na gravidez ou pós-parto e seus efeitos na vida das mulheres: revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Cavalcante Maria Almerice Espíndula da Silva , Rodrigues Sueli Teresinha Cruz , Santos Amuzza Aylla Pereira dos , Sanches Maria Elisângela Torres de Lima , Alves Siane Mariano , Santos Larissa Thaís Omena dos , Alves Tayse Lopes
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Sintetizar o conhecimento produzido na literatura científica nos últimos cinco anos, acerca do impacto do diagnóstico do HumanImmunodeficiency Vírus (HIV) na gestação ou pós-parto e seus efeitos na vida das mulheres. Metodologia: Trata-se de um artigo do tipo revisão integrativa de literatura de natureza qualitativa, com estudos primários publicados no recorte temporal de 2015 a 2020, nos idiomas português e inglês, nas bases de dados MedLine, Lilacs e BDEnf através da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), e PubMed, com o uso de estratégias de buscas, de acordo com as especificidades das bases de dados em questão. Resultados: Foram selecionados 11 estudos primários, dos quais foram extraídas as seguintes categorias: 1) Sentimentos das mulheres ao receber o diagnóstico de HIV na gestação ou pós-parto; 2) Implicações da revelação do diagnóstico ao parceiro, familiares e outros. 3) A maternidade e o HIV, os principais desafios enfrentados pelas mães após o diagnóstico. 4) O papel dos profissionais de saúde na assistência às gestantes e puérperas diagnosticadas com o HIV. Conclusão: Esta revisão de literatura reforça a necessidade de mais trabalhos que abordam as implicações da descoberta do HIV na gestação ou pós-parto e que possibilitem a compreensão dos profissionais de saúde acerca de tais implicações para que se possa traçar estratégias para minimizá-las. Espera-se que este estudo possa despertar o interesse  pelo tema abordado, para que sejam desenvolvidos  trabalhos e também ações que possam contribuir para a promoção da saúde das mulheres diagnosticadas com o HIV nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs) ou maternidades através de intervenções baseadas nas demandas encontradas com o uso de estratégias que atendam às necessidades individuais de cada mulher, que promovam qualidade de vida e possibilitem a ressignificação da vida após o diagnóstico do HIV.
Perfil epidemiológico e preditores de fatores de risco para a COVID-19 na região sul do Brasil
Authors: Klokner Sarah Gisele Martins , Luz Ramsés Antunes da , Araujo Pedro Henrique de Moura , Knapik Janete , Sales Synara Sepúlveda , Torrico Grasiela , Labiak Fernanda Pereira , Gai Maria Julia Pegoraro , Venturieri Clarissa , Frasson Rafael , Onofre Adelino Domingos , Cruz Roberto Moraes
Published: March 2021

Detectar fatores associados ao risco ou à proteção para a COVID-19 é imprescindível para se determinar possíveis políticas públicas de prevenção relacionadas às condições epidêmicas. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o perfil epidemiológico, bem como analisar as variáveis preditoras de risco e proteção para a COVID-19 na região sul do Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico, com base em uma série temporal de 34 semanas e a partir da base de dados sobre a COVID-19 provenientes das Secretarias de Estado da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. Foram utilizados cálculos de prevalência, incidência, tabelas de frequência, teste qui-quadrado, razão de chance (odds ratio) e regressão binária por meio do programa estatístico SPSS, v.22. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que as variáveis estado, sexo, faixa etária e comorbidade predizem a condição de pessoas contaminadas de se recuperarem, falecerem, manifestarem sintomas ou serem internadas em virtude da COVID-19.
The Impact of Rendezvous Proximity Operation Mission on Space Debris Toward Sustainable Space Activities
Authors: Susanti D.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In the last thirty years, the encounter and approach of Rendezvous Proximity Operations (RPO) of human made space objects have developed. This development indicated by the developments in field of technology. The focus of this study is regarding RPO as a mission that has potential to increase the amount of space debris. This study aims to analyze the RPO activity as a potential hazardous mission in increasing the space debris population. Moreover, this research aims to analyze RPO activity as a potentially vulnerable mission to increase the space debris population. In this study, the method was carried out descriptively, by exploring data and information about RPO. The results of this study indicated that RPO activity still limited to LEO due to the high difficulty level for the GEO orbit. The results of this study indicate that RPO activity is still limited to LEO due to the high difficulty level for the GEO orbit. This is actually because in LEO orbit have more space debris (75%) than GEO orbit and it has a higher risk of falling to Earth. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that RPO activities are double-edged and therefore greater supervision needs to be carried out especially to safeguard Indonesia’s interests in space.
Long-term Monitoring of the Vegetation Cover of Mountain Territories in the GIS for Soil and Landscape Study of Territories
Authors: Djalilova G. , Mamatkulova F. , Mamatkulova Z.
Published: March 2021

Rational use of natural resources and preservation of environment in good conditions are the basis of stable state of the ecosystem. Mountain soil erosion is the most common process of degradation. Soil protection from erosion is becoming a global problem in the world, and in Uzbekistan, in particular. Natural conditions of the region create a potential danger of soil erosion. The reason for its manifestation is the misuse of land, non-compliance with necessary requirements for soil protection. In most cases, it is due to the location of homesteads and crops on erosion-prone soils that poorly protect soil from erosion, improper cultivation of soils on arable land, unregulated grazing of pastures, and damage to soil protective plantations.
Study of the Development Prospects of the Existing Erosion Process in the Widespread Mountain-Brown Soils of Gedebey Region in the Conditions of Geographical Relief
Authors: Mustafaev Z.
Published: March 2021

Complex natural-geographic and agroclimatic conditions regions of Azerbaijan, long and anthropogenic effects on the natural objects have led to the emergence and widespread erosion. currently, 43.3% of the land Republic affected by erosion. In the Republic developed all kinds of erosion, particularly irrigation water and wind. At the present stage of development of agriculture, widely implemented land reform. Ubiquitous privatized land, where at this point erosion control is a precondition for improving soil fertility, crop yields, requiring reference to global studies improve their fertility.
Biology of Flowering, Fruit and Viability of Pollen of Varieties and Forms of Quince Cultivated on the Territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Authors: Bayramov L.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The zones of distribution of varieties and forms of quince on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been established, phenological observations have been carried out, their flowering and fruiting have been studied. On the territory of the Autonomous Republic, flowering of varieties and forms of quince begins in the second decade of April, depending on the distribution zone, with an average daily temperature of 12–13 °C and lasts 12–13 days, depending on weather conditions. Each flower has 10–12 stamens arranged in one row. The article also studied the viability of pollen in a number of quince varieties. Pollen viability was studied in the varieties Sary, Tursh, Ordubad, Gara and wild forms. Pollen fertility was determined by staining with acetocarmine. Pollen germinates in 2–5–10–15 and 20% glucose solution. Counting of germinated pollen grains was carried out under a microscope. The study showed that of all the experimental varieties, the pollen fertility of the Sary quince and Tursh quince varieties is high (up to 96.6–97.1%). The best medium for the germination of quince pollen is a 10–15% glucose solution. Pollen germination in this solution reaches 47.4–88.0%. In distilled water (control), the germination of quince pollen reached from 9.7% to 35.6% for varieties. Quince pollen remains viable for 31–43 days.
The First Public Exhibition of the “Vremya” Group in Kharkiv: a New Art Medium Manifesto
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts, Pavlova Tetiana
Published: March 2021

A certain liberalization of life accompanied the period known as Khrushchev’s thaw. It contributed to the formation of the new directions in artistic culture of Ukraine. Although they were not supported by the authorities, these directions were more in line with reality. Their viability depended entirely on the corresponding alternative groupings which appeared at that period. Such program was presented by the avant-garde Kharkiv “seven”, the photographers who united in the group “Vremya” in 1971. The group included Yu. Rupin and Ye. Pavlov (the founders), B. Mikhailov, O. Maliovany, H. Tubalev, O. Suprun, and O. Sytnychenko, and A. Makienko, who joined later. That was the time of apartment exhibitions and slide shows. In 1983, this group organized a show at Kharkiv House of Scientists, relying on its liberal exhibition policy and intelligent viewers. Despite the crowd, which gathered for the opening of the exhibition, the show was closed at the end of the first day. The opening included the press line‑up where the group entrusted Yuri Rupin to present the concept of the group, in particular, the “impact theory”. The exhibition became a serious mistake in the policy of such a centralized institution as Kharkiv House of Scientists. Photography appeared as a powerful art medium, not as a mere verification service. Therefore, it was very important that the background of the exhibition included a museum‑level cultural location, which was the next step after Vagrich Bakhchanyan’s nonconformist actions and street exhibitions in Kharkiv in the mid‑1960s. The “Vremya” group manifested photography as a new force of influence, which could no longer be ignored. An important historical fact was recorded because the group entered the zone of public conflict. At the same time, they consolidated the achieved positions such as the right to individuality, freedom of artistic gesture, and intervention in the field of photographic mimesis.
Variation in the nominal morphology of Northern Vlax Romani
Authors: Baló Márton A.
Published: March 2021

The present paper discusses two particular instances of variation in the nominal morphology of Northern Vlax Romani varieties as spoken in Hungary: the masculine oblique base and the feminine plural oblique base. The discussion is conducted in an analogical framework, relying only on surface forms and their relationships, using the notion of schemas ( Booij 2010 ), and taking it one step further. When there is a ‘weak point’ in the grammar of a language, variation may emerge and pattern-seeking may begin; the pattern-seeking processes can be interpreted and explained with reference to possible analogical connections among surface forms.
Treatment With Calcineurin Inhibitor FK506 Attenuates Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: He Zu-Hong , Pan Song , Zheng Hong-Wei , Fang Qiao-Jun , Hill Kayla , Sha Su-Hua
Published: March 2021

Attenuation of noise-induced hair cell loss and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) by treatment with FK506 (tacrolimus), a calcineurin (CaN/PP2B) inhibitor used clinically as an immunosuppressant, has been previously reported, but the downstream mechanisms of FK506-attenuated NIHL remain unknown. Here we showed that CaN immunolabeling in outer hair cells (OHCs) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells isoform c4 (NFATc4/NFAT3) in OHC nuclei are significantly increased after moderate noise exposure in adult CBA/J mice. Consequently, treatment with FK506 significantly reduces moderate-noise-induced loss of OHCs and NIHL. Furthermore, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by moderate noise was significantly diminished by treatment with FK506. In agreement with our previous finding that autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) does not change in OHCs under conditions of moderate-noise-induced permanent threshold shifts, treatment with FK506 increases LC3B immunolabeling in OHCs after exposure to moderate noise. Additionally, prevention of NIHL by treatment with FK506 was partially abolished by pretreatment with LC3B small interfering RNA. Taken together, these results indicate that attenuation of moderate-noise-induced OHC loss and hearing loss by FK506 treatment occurs not only via inhibition of CaN activity but also through inhibition of ROS and activation of autophagy.
Interactions Between Neutrophils and Periodontal Pathogens in Late-Onset Periodontitis
Authors: Jiang Qingsong , Zhao Yuxi , Shui Yusen , Zhou Xuedong , Cheng Lei , Ren Biao , Chen Zhu , Li Mingyun
Published: March 2021

Late-onset periodontitis is associated with a series of inflammatory reactions induced by periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen involved in periodontitis. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the periodontal pocket/gingival crevice and inflamed periodontal tissues. They form a “wall” between the dental plaque and the junctional epithelium, preventing microbial invasion. The balance between neutrophils and the microbial community is essential to periodontal homeostasis. Excessive activation of neutrophils in response to periodontal pathogens can induce tissue damage and lead to periodontitis persistence. Therefore, illuminating the interactions between neutrophils and periodontal pathogens is critical for progress in the field of periodontitis. The present review aimed to summarize the interactions between neutrophils and periodontal pathogens in late-onset periodontitis, including neutrophil recruitment, neutrophil mechanisms to clear the pathogens, and pathogen strategies to evade neutrophil-mediated elimination of bacteria. The recruitment is a multi-step process, including tethering and rolling, adhesion, crawling, and transmigration. Neutrophils clear the pathogens mainly by phagocytosis, respiratory burst responses, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. The mechanisms that pathogens activate to evade neutrophil-mediated killing include impairing neutrophil recruitment, preventing phagocytosis, uncoupling killing from inflammation, and resistance to ROS, degranulation products, and NETs.
Eryptosis and Malaria: New Experimental Guidelines and Re-Evaluation of the Antimalarial Potential of Eryptosis Inducers
Authors: Boulet Coralie , Gaynor Taylah L. , Carvalho Teresa G.
Published: March 2021

Erythrocytes possess an unusual programmed cell death mechanism termed eryptosis, and several compounds have been previously claimed to induce eryptosis in vitro. Malaria parasites (genus Plasmodium) reside in erythrocytes during the pathogenic part of their life cycle, and the potential of several eryptosis inducers to act as antimalarials has been tested in recent years. However, the eryptosis-inducing capacity of these compounds varies significantly between eryptosis-focused studies and malaria investigations. Here, we investigated the reasons for these discrepancies, we developed a protocol to investigate eryptosis in malaria cultures and we re-evaluated the potential of eryptosis inducers as antimalarials. First, we showed that eryptosis read-out in vitro is dependent on culture conditions. Indeed, conditions that have consistently been used to study eryptosis do not support P. falciparum growth and prime erythrocytes for eryptosis. Next, we defined culture conditions that allow the detection of eryptosis while supporting P. falciparum survival. Finally, we selected six eryptosis-inducers based on their clinical use, molecular target and antimalarial activities, and re-evaluated their eryptosis inducing capacities and their potential as antimalarials. We demonstrate that none of these compounds affect the viability of naïve or P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes in vitro. Nevertheless, three of these compounds impair parasite development, although through a mechanism unrelated to eryptosis and yet to be elucidated. We conclude that careful consideration of experimental set up is key for the accurate assessment of the eryptosis-inducing potential of compounds and their evaluation as potential antimalarials.
Lymphocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio but Not Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio Effectively Predicts Metabolic Syndrome Among Subjects From Rural China
Authors: Yu Shasha , Guo Xiaofan , Li GuangXiao , Yang Hongmei , Zheng Liqiang , Sun Yingxian
Published: March 2021

Background: This study intended to use two novel inflammatory indicators: lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), to predict newly diagnosed metabolic syndrome (MetS) among subjects from rural Northeast China.

Methods: Adult participants without MetS at baseline (n = 4,980, age = 52.65 ± 10.21 years; 51.9% men) were originated from the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study (NCRCHS). LHR (Q1: ≤1.04; Q2: 1.04–1.35; Q3: 1.35–1.79; Q4: ≥1.79) and PLR (Q1: ≤78.50; Q2: 78.50–107.27; Q3: 107.27–140.00; Q4: ≥140.00) were divided in quartile.

Results: After 4.66-year follow-up, 1,194 subjects were diagnosed MetS (cumulative incidence 24.0; 25.8% for female and 22.3% for male, P = 0.002). Newly diagnosed MetS had higher value of hemoglobin and platelet count compared to those without MetS. As for LHR, from Q1 to Q4, there were increasing value of waist circumference (WC), serum triglycerides (TG), rates of current smoking and drinking whereas decreasing value of HDL-C. However, for PLR, rates of current smoking and drinking significantly decreased from Q1 to Q4. Similarly, the value of WC and TG showed a decreasing trend. In a logistic regression analysis, after adjusted for possible confounders, LHR [OR (95% CI) Q2: 1.13 (0.86, 1.48); OR (95% CI) Q3: 1.23 (0.94, 1.61); OR (95% CI) Q4: 1.57(1.20, 2.06)] but not PLR was effective predictor of newly diagnosed MetS among rural Chinese.

Conclusion: MetS had closed relationship with inflammation among subjects from rural China. As a novel marker of inflammation, LHR but not PLR might be an effective predictor of newly diagnosed MetS and should be widely used in the epidemiological study.
Succinate Mediates Tumorigenic Effects via Succinate Receptor 1: Potential for New Targeted Treatment Strategies in Succinate Dehydrogenase Deficient Paragangliomas
Authors: Matlac Dieter M. , Hadrava Vanova Katerina , Bechmann Nicole , Richter Susan , Folberth Julica , Ghayee Hans K. , Ge Guang-Bo , Abunimer Luma , Wesley Robert , Aherrahrou Redouane , Dona Margo , Martínez-Montes Ángel M. , Calsina Bruna , Merino Maria J. , Schwaninger Markus , Deen Peter M. T. , Zhuang Zhengping , Neuzil Jiri , Pacak Karel , Lehnert Hendrik , Fliedner Stephanie M. J.
Published: March 2021

Paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas (PPGLs) are chromaffin tumors associated with severe catecholamine-induced morbidities. Surgical removal is often curative. However, complete resection may not be an option for patients with succinate dehydrogenase subunit A-D (SDHx) mutations. SDHx mutations are associated with a high risk for multiple recurrent, and metastatic PPGLs. Treatment options in these cases are limited and prognosis is dismal once metastases are present. Identification of new therapeutic targets and candidate drugs is thus urgently needed. Previously, we showed elevated expression of succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) in SDHB PPGLs and SDHD head and neck paragangliomas. Its ligand succinate has been reported to accumulate due to SDHx mutations. We thus hypothesize that autocrine stimulation of SUCNR1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of SDHx mutation-derived PPGLs. We confirmed elevated SUCNR1 expression in SDHx PPGLs and after SDHB knockout in progenitor cells derived from a human pheochromocytoma (hPheo1). Succinate significantly increased viability of SUCNR1-transfected PC12 and ERK pathway signaling compared to control cells. Candidate SUCNR1 inhibitors successfully reversed proliferative effects of succinate. Our data reveal an unrecognized oncometabolic function of succinate in SDHx PPGLs, providing a growth advantage via SUCNR1.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Inhibits Estradiol Secretion via NF-κB Signaling in Human Granulosa Cells
Authors: Guan Hai-Yun , Xia He-Xia , Chen Xiu-Ying , Wang Lu , Tang Zhi-Jing , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2021

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) may play a critical role in regulating follicular development. Data are scarce on the role of TLR4 in the follicle. This study investigated the effects of TLR4 on steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed stage-specific expression of TLR4 in the mouse ovarian cycle, and immunofluorescence showed TLR4 expression in the human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN). TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharides (LPS) significantly inhibited follicular development and synthesis of estradiol (E2) in mice. In KGN cells, TLR4 activation significantly inhibited CYP19A1, FSHR and StAR, and TLR4 inhibition reversed these effects. TLR4 activation also inhibited forskolin-induced secretion of E2 by inhibiting CYP19A1, with no effect on progesterone. Further studies showed activation of p38, JNK and NF-κB signaling after TLR4 activation. Subsequent analyses showed that an NF-κB antagonist reversed the inhibitory effects on CYP19A1 expression and E2 secretion. Together, our results suggest that TLR4 activation may suppress CYP19A1 expression and E2 secretion via NF-κB signaling in human granulosa cells, with important implications for the regulation of ovarian pathophysiology.