bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ximena, variedad de nochebuena (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) para decorar espacios de interior
Authors: Canul Ku Jaime , García-Pérez Faustino , Barrios-Gómez Edwin J. , Rangel-Estrada Sandra E.
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Describir la variedad de nochebuena Ximena en base a directrices de la UPOV y evaluar su comportamiento con un productor cooperante en el estado de Morelos.Diseño/metodología/aproximación: La variedad se generó mediante los métodos genotécnicos de hibridación, selección recurrente y uso de la técnica de injerto. La descripción varietal se realizó en base al documento de la Unión para la Protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales (UPOV). El diseño experimental utilizado fue un completamente al azar con 10 repeticiones. Se registraron caracteres vegetativos y de bráctea de la planta. La información se estudió mediante análisis de varianza y prueba de comparación de medias Tukey (P? 0.05).Resultados: Ximena presenta porte alto, de amplitud grande con ramificación intermedia. La hoja de forma oval, larga y ancha con peciolo de longitud media. Brácteas de forma elíptica, color rojo, sin torsión y rugosidad entre los nervios. La anchura de la cima es media, glándulas del ciatio de color amarillo de tamaño medio sin alguna deformación. La respuesta de Ximena fue estadísticamente similar a los dos testigos en diámetro del tallo, número de entrenudos, ancho de hoja, longitud de peciolo de hoja y bráctea. En cambio, fue superior estadísticamente en longitud de bráctea, amplitud de dosel de bráctea y diámetro de ciatio.Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La variedad se mantiene como planta madre, a partir de la cual se van a establecer cultivos comerciales. Por lo que, requiere adecuada nutrición y condiciones que no permitan su diferenciación floral.Hallazgos/conclusiones: El comportamiento y arquetipo de Ximena fue comparable a la de variedades comerciales, posee características estéticas que demanda el mercado, puede ser competitiva y se considera candidata para diversificar la oferta de plantas de nochebuena en la temporada de navidad.
Análisis fisicoquímico y proteínico de la pasta de chapulín (Sphenarium purpurascens Charpentier)
Authors: Arcos-Estrada Eliza G. , Díaz-Ramírez Mayra , Jiménez-Guzmán Judith , Fabela-Morón Miriam F. , Rayas-Amor Adolfo A. , León-Espinosa Erika B. , García-Garibay Mariano , Cruz-Monterrosa Rosy G.
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Preparar pasta de chapulín (Pch) e incorporarla al mole poblano (MP), evaluando las características fisicoquímicas y el contenido proteínico del preparado.

Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se colectaron chapulines y se preparó Pch. Posteriormente la harina se incluyó en la pasta de MP en los siguientes tratamientos: T0= 0Ch y 100% MP, T10= 10% Pch y 90% MP, T15= 15% Pch y 85% MP, T20= 20% Pch y 80% MP, T25= 25% Pch y 75% MP y T30= 30% Pch y 70% MP. A los tratamientos se le realizó los análisis físicoquímicos y contenido de proteína. 

Hallazgos/conclusión: Los tratamientos T0 y T10 tuvieron la mayor L*. la variable ?E fue más claro para T0 y fue diferente entre todos los demás tratamientos. El índice de saturación C* descendió entre los tratamientos. El contenido de proteína incrementó con la inclusión de la Pch. No hubo diferencias entre los tratamientos en el pH y la actividad de agua. Se concluye que la Pch se puede incorporar al MP para mejorar su valor nutricional y no existe un cambio drástico en las variables fisicoquímicas de los tratamientos evaluados.
¿Existe brecha salarial en el mercado laboral infantil en Colombia?
Authors: Avendaño López Jenny Lisseth , Castillo Caicedo Maribel
Published: June 2020

El problema de la existencia de diferenciales salariales entre los grupos poblacionales de un territorio es una preocupación latente y para la cual se requiere de la intervención desde el gobierno con el fin de mejorar las condiciones de igualdad y equidad. Este artículo busca generar una reflexión en donde no solo la discriminación de género representa un reto para las políticas de acción de los países sino también el hecho de que este mismo fenómeno se presente en poblaciones altamente vulnerables como lo es la infantil y juvenil trabajadora. A partir de la descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder se espera dilucidar sobre la existencia (o no) de discriminación salarial, teniendo en consideración la agrupación de niños o niñas entre 5 a 17 años, donde los pagos son menores y las diferencias en el nivel de educativo en Colombia para el periodo 2012-2016.
Percepciones sobre los efectos económicos, sociales y ambientales del mototaxismo en municipios del departamento de Bolívar (Colombia)
Authors: Maza Ávila Francisco Javier , Blanco Bello Rosario , Fals Galezo María Paula
Published: June 2020

Este artículo tiene como propósito develar las percepciones que construyen los habitantes de los municipios de Arjona, Turbaco, El Carmen De Bolívar y Magangué, del departamento de Bolívar, sobre los efectos económicos, sociales y ambientales de la dinámica del oficio de mototaxismo, así como la efectividad de las acciones llevadas a cabo por las autoridades municipales y departamentales para su control. La estrategia metodológica empleada fue de corte cualitativo, a fin de visibilizar las voces de los actores locales que interactúan y se relacionan con el territorio en su cotidianidad. Para ello se desarrollaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas, dirigidas a usuarios y no usuarios del servicio de mototaxis y transportadores públicos y privados, así como grupos focales, conformados por funcionarios públicos de las alcaldías municipales. Los resultados muestran que, si bien el oficio de mototaxismo ha facilitado la movilidad tanto de las personas como de la mercancía de productores y comerciantes locales (formales e informales), ha generado conflictos sobre quién o quienes pueden transportar personas y mercancías, dada la legitimación de un oficio informal e ilegal que genera consecuencias al servicio de transporte legal. El oficio también ha traído consigo efectos ambientales, reflejados en la calidad del aire, conservación del suelo rural, el atractivo visual del municipio y la audición de la población. Respecto a las medidas de regulación de oficio del mototaxismo, se infiere un bajo conocimiento de ellas. Quienes indican conocerlas, consideran son poco efectivas, puesto que son transitorias y, en algunos casos, carecen de planificación.
Aplikasi Edible Coating Tepung Tapioka Dengan Oleoresin Daun Kemangi untuk Memperpanjang Umur Simpan Buah Jambu Air Cincalo (Syzygium samarangense [Blume] Merril & L.M. Perry)
Authors: Sumanti Wiwik , Kusmiadi Riwan , Apriyadi Rion
Published: June 2020

Jambu air cincalo memiliki aktivitas respirasi non-klimakterik dengan kadar air yang tinggi, sehingga penanganan pascapanen yang tidak tepat akan memicu pertumbuhan cendawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh edible coating dari oleoresin daun kemangi dan menentukan konsentrasi yang tepat untuk memperpanjang umur simpan buah jambu air cincalo. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal, terdapat 4 perlakuan yang merupakan jenis konsentrasi oleoresin daun kemangi yang terdiri dari K0 (tanpa penambahan oleoresin), K1 (0,3% oleoresin), K2 (0,6% oleoresin) dan K3 (0,9% oleoresin) dengan 3 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah susut bobot, total padatan terlarut, total asam buah, kandungan vitamin C dan organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan konsentrasi oleoresin daun kemangi berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap peubah yang diamati, meliputi susut bobot, total padatan terlarut, total asam buah, dan kandungan vitamin C. Semua perlakuan dengan penambahan oleoresin maupun tanpa penambahan oleoresin daun kemangi cenderung memberikan hasil yang sama terhadap buah jambu cincalo.
Jan Philipp Sternberg, Auswanderungsland Bundesrepublik. Denkmuster und Debatten in Politik und Medien 1945 – 2010 (Studien zur Historischen Migrationsforschung, Bd. 26, Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, 2012)
Authors: Meckl Markus
Published: June 2020

Migration, in the German public opinion, is connected to immigration to Germany and not emigration from Germany.
Świat, Chiny i globalizacja: bieżące tendencje i szok epidemii
Authors: Hübner Wojciech
Published: June 2020

Artykuł analizuje znaczenie „czynnika chińskiego” w dzisiejszym świecie, z perspektywy takich aktualnych zjawisk, jak panująca szczególna niepewność polityczna i ekonomiczna światowej gospodarki, rozwijających się procesów globalnej współpracy i jednoczesnej bezprecedensowej rywalizacji na tym poziomie. Autor omawia i poddaje ocenie Inicjatywę Pasa i Szlaku, podkreśla jej znaczenie dla procesów globalizacji. Wskazuje zespół ograniczeń i wyzwań „wewnętrznych” o charakterze systemowym. Zwraca uwagę na nowe wyzwanie, jakim jest niezwykły postęp techniczny ostatnich lat, wprowadzający świat w epokę Sztucznej Inteligencji, co daje kolejny powód do kontynuowania klasycznych dyskusji o modelu gospodarczym Chin. Autor dodaje swoje uwagi na temat najnowszych zakłóceń w życiu gospodarczym regionów i świata wywołanych epidemią koronawirusa.
Zmiany regulacyjne a rynek pierwszych ofert publicznych (IPO) w Polsce
Authors: Okoń Szymon , Gemra Kamil
Published: June 2020

Jednym ze sposobów finansowania przedsiębiorstw w Polsce może być pozyskanie środków z emisji akcji na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie, w szczególności w ramach pierwszej oferty publicznej (IPO). O atrakcyjności tego rodzaju finansowania decyduje wiele czynników, spośród których istotne znaczenie mają regulacje prawne. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza i ocena wpływu najważniejszych zmian regulacyjnych na atrakcyjność pierwszych ofert publicznych na GPW. W pierwszej kolejności przeanalizowano nowe przepisy w obszarze ofert publicznych, które mają bezpośredni wpływ na postrzeganie IPO, jako formy finansowania przedsiębiorstwa. W drugiej zaś zbadano zmiany prawne dotyczące funkcjonowania na rynku giełdowym, które pośrednio również mają wpływ na podejmowanie przez spółki decyzji o wejściu na giełdę. Na końcu przedstawiono znaczenie zmian prawnych dla rynku IPO w Polsce. Nowe regulacje dotyczące ofert publicznych nie ograniczają dostępu do rynku giełdowego, natomiast zmiany w obszarze funkcjonowania spółki na giełdzie mogą być postrzegane przez emitentów jako istotna uciążliwość, zniechęcająca spółki do podjęcia decyzji o wprowadzeniu ich akcji na Giełdę Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie.
Piramidy finansowe – pojęcie i modele funkcjonowania
Authors: Bojarski Leszek
Published: June 2020

Postępujący rozwój rynków finansowych przyczynia się do powstawania podmiotów gospodarczych, które oferując osiągnięcie znaczących zysków, zachęcają potencjalnych inwestorów nieposiadających pełnej świadomości ryzyka związanego z daną inwestycją finansową. W konsekwencji pojawia się coraz więcej podmiotów, których działalność można określić jako piramidy finansowe. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie kluczowych cech piramid finansowych w kontekście modeli i podstaw ich funkcjonowania. Analiza piramid finansowych w Polsce wskazuje, że podmioty te mają podobne cechy i modele działania umożliwiające im pozyskanie jak największej liczby inwestorów. W większości przypadków oferują one wysoki zwrot z inwestycji przy stosunkowo lub bardzo niskim ryzyku inwestycyjnym. Ich oferta jest oparta o niezabezpieczone inwestycje oraz skomplikowane lub niejasne strategie inwestycyjne.
A green approach for the biosynthesis of powdered silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.: Characterization and antibacterial evaluation
Authors: Rajkumar T , Patra Jayanta Kumar
Published: June 2020

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Trigonella foenumgraecum as reducing and stabilizing agent. The ultraviolet-visible spectrum showed absorption peak at 480 nm. XRD pattern indicates the formation of face-centered cubic structure of silver nanoparticles. FESEM images indicate the presence of spherical silver nanoparticles with the particle size of ~90 nm. FTIR indicates that the participation of different functional groups present in the biomolecules is responsible for both reducing and stabilizing the formation of nanoparticles. The synthesized AgNPs demonstrated positive antibacterial activity against two different foodborne pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 35150, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565) with zones of inhibition of 9.20 ± 0.18 and 9.34 ± 0.11, respectively and MIC and MBC of 100 and >100 μg/ml, respectively. The synthesized AgNPs could serve as a candidate for development of antibacterial drugs or additive in the food packaging system for its application in medicine, cosmetics and food sector industries.
Change in mineral nutrients contents of five ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.) varieties affected by root-knot nematode
Authors: Pandey Ritu Kumari , Nayak DK
Published: June 2020

Mineral nutrient changes in 5 Ridge gourd varieties inoculated with root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita were investigated. Five ridge gourd varieties, namely Priya, BSS-1009, Aneeta, Aarti and Harsha were inoculated with root-knot nematode and studied their effects on the changes of mineral nutrients contents of shoots and roots. The contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn varied greatly among the varieties in both shoot and root. Some changes in mineral nutrients were observed due to the inoculation of root-knot nematode. The percentage of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were found lower in inoculated shoot and root samples than the healthy counterpart in most cases. The lowest Ca content was found in Priya in both shoot and root but Mg content was minimum in Aarti variety.
Physiological responses of eight maize varieties to salinity under the field and greenhouse conditions
Authors: Davar Molazem , Qurbanov Elshad M
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted in two fields (normal and saline) to study the effect of salinity on eight varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) for three years. Another experiment was carried out in three salinity levels, zero (control), 50 and 100 mM NaCl in greenhouse at the factorial design in a year. During the experiment characters such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and proline content were measured. Comparison of means in different soil of salinity showed that, there were significant differences in genotypes in most traits. Maximum amount of chlorophyll a was observed in S.C704 in control condition and there was no significant difference from B73. In field condition maximum and minimum amount of proline were observed in S.C704 in saline condition and K3615/1 in normal condition, respectively. In greenhouse, maximum amount of chlorophyll a was observed in K3615/1 variety.
Growth performance analysis of Spirulina platensis production by substituting K2SO4-K of kosaric medium with MOP-K
Authors: Akter Taslima , Haque Md Imdadul , Das Mousumi , Hossain Md Amzad
Published: June 2020

Five media were formulated with 0% (control, T1), 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) and 100% (T5) inclusion of low-cost muriate of potash (MOP)-potassium (K) replacing high-cost reagent K2SO4-K and Spirulina platensis was cultured for 18 days. Cell dry weight, optical cell density and chlorophyll-a content of S. platensis cultured in five treatments were registered at every three-day interval and economic performance was calculated to observe the effect of K2SO4-K replacement with MOP-K. The cell biomass production and chlorophyll-a content of S. platensis cultured in 25 and 50% use of MOP-K instead of K2SO4-K (T2 and T3) did not represent any significant difference with the control treatment of 100% K2SO4-K (T1). However, further addition of MOP-K in T4 and T5 significantly reduced the cell growth and pigment content of S. platensis. In addition, a significant reduction of production cost was calculated as more percentage of K2SO4- K was replaced with MOP-K.
In vitro mass propagation of Piper betle L
Authors: Khan Salim , Goswami Barna , Akter Shahina , Islam Mousona , Noon Afsana Huq , Habib Ahashan , Banu Tanjina Akhtar
Published: June 2020

An efficient in vitro regeneration system was developed for Piper betle L. through direct and indirect organogenesis from nodal segment, leaf segment and petiole explants. Highest direct regeneration was recorded when nodal explants were cultured on MS with 1.0 mg/l BAP and 1.0 mg/l Kn where 80% explants produced multiple shoots and the average number of shoots per explants were 3.20. Remarkable results on callus induction and shoot initiation were observed when the explants cultured on MS + 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l Kn + 1.0 mg/l IAA. It was observed that nodal explants were showed best response on shoot/explants 13.2 ± 4.5 after 8 weeks of callus culture on MS medium with 0.5 mg/l BAP. The best response towards root induction was observed on half strength of MS with 0.25 mg/l IBA. The well rooted plants were successfully acclimatized and transferred to soil.
In vitro propagation of the Chinese traditional and medicinal plant Heracleum scabridum Franch
Authors: Zou Li-Juan , Hu Jin-Yao , Luo Ming-Hua , Wu Qing-Gui
Published: June 2020

Three explants such as stem tips, leaves and petioles of Heracleum scabridum were compared for their shoot development/differentiation ability by using different plant growth regulators (PGRs). The most effective PGRs combination for callus induction and organogenesis was determined. TDZ, Kn, Zn and IAA were used to induce multiple shoots. For indirect organogenesis (from the calli), the best response (27.25 ± 4.19 shoot per stem tips) and (18.23 ± 2.12 per leaves) were obtained in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 0.5 mg/l IAA and 3.0 mg/l Zn with 100, 97.3% induction rate, respectively. MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l IAA and 3.0 mg/l Zn was also found to be optimal for shoot regeneration from petioles. The highest percentage of regeneration (94.6) with mean number of shoots 17.83 ± 4.87 from petioles were produced. For direct organogenesis (from axillary bud shoot clumps), 0.1 mg/l IAA and 1.5 mg/l TDZ were found to be optimal for shoot regeneration of stem tips, with mean numbers of axillary bud shoot clumps 7.12 ± 1.23 were produced. Plantlets were transferred to soil with 95% of plants acclimatized recovered successfully.
Bacteriological study of some common dried spices and nuts of Bangladesh
Authors: Afrin Nazia , Jolly Shamima Nasren , Shilpi Rasheda Yasmin
Published: June 2020

The cultivation of spices and nuts in different parts of the world characterized by high humidity and warm climate provides optimum conditions for the development of microorganisms, including the undesirable ones. To identify the microbial risk factor associated with dried spices and nuts samples available in local markets of Bangladesh, samples were collected and analyzed through standard microbiological procedure. In all the spices and nuts samples, the total aerobic heterotrophic bacterial (TAHB) level was below the standard unacceptable range (>106 CFU/g). Both Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria viz., Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter sp. were isolated from samples through screening staining properties, genus and group specific characters on selective and differential media along with morphological and biochemical tests. It could be assumed that dried spices and nuts might be the carrier of these types of pathogenic bacteria in foods when cooked using these ingredients and causes food borne illness.
Optimization of germination protocol for rare endemic Ajuga vestita Boiss. under in vitro conditions
Authors: Akbas Filiz , Orcan Pinar , Kuru Ibrahim Selcuk , Isikalan Cigdem , Namli Sureyya
Published: June 2020

Since the seeds of endemic Ajuga vestita are difficult to germinate naturally they were subjected to in vitro culture. Highest rate of germination was obtained in 1/4 MS medium supplemented with 30 g sucrose in light. Microshoots subcultured in 1/1 MS supplemented with 0.125 mg/l Kn rooted well and transferred to soil with 80% success.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities of Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Brishty Shejuti Rahman , Saha Poushali , Mahmud Zobaer Al , Rahman SM Abdur
Published: June 2020

The present study describes the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a number of substituted benzimidazole derivatives designated by 3A-1, 3A-2, 3A-3, 3B-1 and 3B-2 through condensation of different o-aryldiamine compounds with the corresponding aldehyde employing ammonium salt as a catalyst. All the compounds were characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis. The synthesized benzimidazole derivatives were investigated for analgesic and antioxidant activities using acetic acid-induced writhing inhibition in Swiss albino mice and DPPH free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Compounds 3A-3, 3B-1 and 3B-2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight reduced the number of writhings by 88.24%, 84.03% and 85.71%, respectively (p<0.001) in comparison with standard diclofenac (90.76% inhibition). The derivatives 3A-1, 3A-2, 3A-3 and 3B-2 showed prominent antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 0.038, 0.959, 8.834 and 7.519 μg/ml, respectively in comparison with the standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (14.44 μg/ml). Among the synthesized compounds, 3A-3 and 3B- 2 emerged as the most promising analgesic and antioxidant agents and expressed their potential as lead compounds in future research.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(1): 37-46, 2020 (June)
Preparation, Characterization and Optimization of Mucoadhesive Domperidone Tablets by Box Behnken Design
Authors: Saha Tushar , Ahmed Nusrat , Hasan Ikramul , Reza Md Selim
Published: June 2020

In pharmaceutical industry, statistically valid experimental design can be utilized to optimize data in order to provide an economic and effective formulation, which could overcome several product and process development problems. Domperidone is a BCS Class II drug and has wide range of use, but has very poor bioavailability when administered orally because of degradation in intestinal fluid. The present study was focused on formulation, evaluation and optimization of mucoadhesive tablets of domperidone using a four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) so as to retain the prepared optimized formulation in gastric fluid for a prolong period of time in order to have better bioavailability and to get a sustained action. Physicochemical properties of the prepared formulations were determined according to the USP pharmacopeia official method and found satisfactory, except friability which was optimized to get the acceptable value. In-vitro dissolution study was performed for 8 hours for all the prepared formulations using USP II (paddle type) dissolution tester having 0.1N HCl (pH 1.2) as dissolution medium. Obtained data was further analyzed by means of quadratic response surface models so as to find out an optimize formulation in terms of desirable condition of dissolution rate after 1 hour, after 8 hours, total mucoadhesion time and tablet friability. Optimized formulation was further evaluated and it was found that, it was almost similar to the proposed optimized data. The formulation can provide a high degree of patient compliance, as sustained release formulation reduces the side effects and the cost of the formulation will be minimal as lesser amount of effort will be needed employing statistical model instead of conventional trial and error method.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(1): 65-76, 2020 (June)
МЕТОДИКА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ЗНАНЬ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ ЕЛЕКТРОННОГО НАВЧАННЯ ФАХІВЦІВ В ГАЛУЗІ ВИДАВНИЦТВА
Authors: Пушкар Олександр Іванович , Грабовський Євген Миколайович
Published: June 2020

У статті проаналізовано методологічні й організаційні аспекти створення та використання формалізованих і неформалізованих знань у процесі навчання на робочому місці. Розроблено методику трансформації знань для систем електронного навчання фахівців галузі видавництва. Цю методику апробовано у вигляді прототипу інформаційної системи автоматизованої перевірки трансформованих знань. Розроблена методика передбачає технологію перетворення неформалізованого знання у формалізоване знання в процесі навчання на робочому місці. Також у структурі методики пропонується автоматизована перевірка трансформованих знань на відповідність правилам конкретної предметної області. Складність вирішення даних завдань визначається необхідністю пошуку форми опису різних видів неформалізованих знань. На основі вибору форми опису формується метод формалізації знань. Реалізація даного методу формалізації знань відбувається на основі використання відповідних програмних засобів автоматизації процесу перетворення знань. Суть запропонованого методу формалізації знань полягає в описі видів знань за допомогою деякої формалізованої мови і в автоматичному перетворенні вже формалізованих правил у програмний код. У роботі пропонується створення програмного засобу, який буде формувати файл зі скриптом з формалізованих правил предметної галузі і перетворювача. Застосування розробленого механізму можливо як для перевірки, так і для створення шаблонів опису неформалізованих знань з урахуванням правил конкретної предметної області. У якості прикладу застосування запропонованої методики формалізації знань у процесі навчання на робочому місці наведено створені на її основі методичні рекомендації з формалізації правил верстання видань та перевірки макету на відповідність даним правилам. Користувачем даних методичних рекомендацій виступає дизайнер-верстальник. У якості правил предметної області в даному прикладі є правила верстання видань.
THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES ON EFL TEACHERS` ATTITUDE TOWARD TECHNOLOGY: CASE STUDY OF IRAN
Authors: Давуді Сомайя , Акбарпур Лейла , Хадіпур Есан
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, with the fast development of information and communication technology, the role of technology in learning and teaching environment has remarkably increased and been stressed. To boost the influential use of technology in instruction and teaching, English language teachers could focus on strategies such as integrating pervious methods of teaching with new methods in which technological tools could be used, utilizing beneficial software, and create an interacting learning environment. The objective of the present study is to explore the impacts of psychological variables on teachers` attitude towards technology use. In this research, most versatile models like technology acceptance are used as the basis for developing a conceptual framework. Variables such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, self-efficacy, subjective norms, compatibility, trialability and attitude are retrieved from these models. The participants of the present research are high school English language teachers in Shiraz. The researcher uses stratified sampling to identify a suitable sample from the population. The present study is conducted by using five questionnaires to evaluate and assess variables. The data are analyzed by means of path analysis to find the contribution of each independent variable to the dependent variables that ultimately predicted the final outcome. Self-efficacy, subjective norms, compatibility and trialability are found to be the determinants of perceived usefulness. However, perceived ease of use is found to be only affected by self-efficacy, subjective norms, and trialability, which in turn determined the attitude of teachers toward using technology in their teachings. The results suggest that the impact of trialability on attitude is meaningful. On the other hand, perceived usefulness has a significant influential effect on attitude. Subjective norms has an indirect but important effect on attitude, and self-efficacy has an indirect effect on attitude.
CRITERIA AND INDICATORS OF FORMATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS' READINESS TO APPLY INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES IN THEIR WORK
Authors: Кравчинська Тетяна Сергіївна , Сіданіч Ірина Леонідівна , Павленко Інна Олександрівна , Дубініна Оксана Володимирівна
Published: June 2020

The article substantiates the criteria and indicators of formation of secondary school teachers’ readiness to use Internet technologies in their professional activity. Modern education reform and the introduction of new educational content encourage teachers to use innovative methods and e-learning text-books, which requires new approaches to teacher training and self-education in the inter-certification period. Pedagogical conditions of development of teachers’ readiness to use Internet technologies are considered and pedagogical expediency of using Internet technologies in teachers’ work is revealed, taking into account the content and specifics of teachers’ pedagogical activity in educational institutions. The use of traditional teaching aids along with Internet technologies allows teachers to improve teaching significantly as well as make the learning process more interesting, diverse and intensive. Internet-technologies are an effective means of communication between all participants of the educational process, which is realized through various chats and Internet conferences. Taking into account the specificity of secondary school teachers’ professional activity, appropriate criteria and indicators were chosen, namely, motivational, integrative, work-relevant and other criteria. We defined gnostic, project, constructive, organizational, communicative, didactic, managerial, intellectual, research and professional skills, which are crucial for teachers’ professional readiness. It is emphasized that the content of motivational, integrative and work-relevant criteria determines the strategy of teachers’ professional behavior. On the basis of the above-mentioned criteria and indicators of their manifestation, low, average, sufficient and high levels of secondary school teachers’ readiness for the use of Internet technologies in their work are distinguished. It is shown that these criteria and their indicators provide an opportunity to obtain empirical data required for experimental research and to gain pedagogical insights for creating an original technology of formation of secondary school teachers’ readiness to use Internet technologies in their professional activity.
Actualization and ways of system approach to risk management in occupational health and safety
Authors: Bochkovskyі Andrii
Published: June 2020

Substantiation of the need to introduce a system approach to risk management in occupational health and safety management systems and identification ways to implement it. 1. To identify the existing disadvantages of the practical implementation of the stages of the risk management process in occupational health and safety. 2. To substantiate and propose mathematical models for the objective implementation of the Plan procedure of the risk management process in occupational health and safety. 3. To analyze the functionality of existing automated systems of the dangers minimization to ensure the effective functioning of Do – Chek - Act procedures in occupational health and safety. 4. To propose the automated management system of occupational health and safety at the enterprises for objective implementation of Do – Check – Act procedures within the OHS management systems of the enterprises. Analysis of scientific and technical literature and regulations in occupational health and safety, probabilistic and statistical methods, Markov analysis. It is established that the existing methodological approaches to risk management in occupational health and safety ensure for the implementation of only four of the eight necessary stages (stages of risk evaluation) of the relevant process provided by the PDCA methodology. Mathematical models, which allow to set the relationship between occupational health and safety costs and the risk level, as well as to set the probability of not exceeding the accumulation in the employee of the consequence of certain harmful factors impact and occupational injuries at random during the workshift are substantiated and proposed for use.  The main disadvantages of the existing automated systems of risk minimization in occupational health and safety, which are the impossibility of minimizing the negative “human factor” signs and the impossibility of prompt normalization of the parameters of harmful production factors on the employee over time are identified. The automated management system of occupational health and safety, which allows to conduct constant monitoring and prompt correction of parameters of impact on the employee of negative factors within the values set by results of risk evaluation is substantiated and offered for application.
Fibrinolytic or not : case series of stemi and deadly hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Purwowiyoto Sidhi Laksono , Phillip Steven
Published: June 2020

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) like myocardial infraction (MI) is still becoming the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and major problem in our healthcare system. Nowadays, revolution in high-tech medical treatment alongside with well-trained staff could decrease adverse event in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patient. However, in developing country like Indonesia, those still become a challenge. Fibrinolytic therapy is still common practice even though primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) preferred. Intracranial bleeding is one of the most unfavorable effect after fibrinolytic therapy. Clinical should aware with clinical deterioration. Here we present case series of deadly intracranial haemorrhage in STEMI patient after fibrinolytic therapy.
Santri's perception of cigarettes on smoking behavior in Lirboyo Islamic Boarding School, East Java
Authors: Nurhasana Renny , Shellasih Ni Made , Novitasari Danty , Ratih Suci Puspita
Published: June 2020

Indonesia Basic Health Research Data in 2018 shows that smokers in the 10-18 years age group increased to 9.1%. The phenomenon of smoking in adolescents in Indonesia has touched on educational institutions such as pesantren, where students are found to have smoked from an early age. This study aims to review the influence of students' perceptions of cigarettes based on smoking habits, cigarette advertisements and the image of cigarette companies to the smoking behaviour in students at Lirboyo Islamic Boarding School. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design using 40 students as research samples. We use modified structured questionnaire from the Smoke-Free Agents. Research shows 62.5% of students are active smokers. Based on the bivariate test, we found a relationship between perceptions of smoking habits and perceptions of cigarette advertising (p-value <0.05) to the smoking behaviour. In addition, we found that there is no relationship to the perception of the image of the cigarette company (p-value> 0.05). This study found a high percentage of students who smoked in the Lirboyo Islamic Boarding School. Students' perceptions of smoking habits and students' perceptions of cigarette advertisements are related to students' smoking behaviour. The denormalization of cigarette products needs to be carried out by Islamic Boarding School Management to control smokers among students and prevent adolescent’s smoker.
Overtraining of aerobic physical exercise reduce rats (Rattus norvegicus) memory
Authors: Parwata Ni Made Ridla
Published: June 2020

Overtraining syndrome is a decrease in physical capacity, emotions and immunity due to training that is too often without adequate periods of rest. Overtraining is often experienced by athletes who daily undergo heavy training with short break periods. This research aims to look at the effect of overtraining aerobic physical exercise on memory in mice. The research method was experimental in vivo with the subject of adult male rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Winstar strain aged 8-10 weeks, body weight 200-250 gr. Divided into three groups, namely the control group, aerobic group and overtraining group. The results of memory tests with water E Maze showed an increase in the duration of travel time and the number of animal errors made by the overtraining group (p = 0.003). This study concludes that overtraining aerobic physical exercise can reduce memory in rat hippocampus.
The sensitivity test of vibrio cholerae from isolation of diarrhea case to various type of antibiotics
Authors: Khariri Khariri , Amalia Novi , Nursofiah Sundari , Muna Fauzul , Rukminiati Yuni
Published: June 2020

One of the microbes that causes acute diarrhea is bacteria. Vibrio cholerae is one that causes diarrhea called cholera diarrhea. Cholera diarrhea is caused by enterotoxins produced by these bacterial colonies in the small intestine. Giving antibiotics is still the main choice in the treatment and treatment of diarrhea because it is expected to kill bacteria and will usually stop diarrhea. Irrational use and the existence of abuse and excessive use of antibiotics can be a factor that causes bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Tests carried out to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to an antibiotic. Vibrio cholerae isolate was regrowed in alkaline peptone (APW) water medium and incubated at 37ºC for 18-24 hours, then planted in the thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose (TCBS) medium. The sensitivity test was carried out on V. cholerae bacterial colonies growing on TCBS agar medium with the Disk Diffusion Method from Kirby Bauer. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that most V. cholerae isolates were still sensitive to all types of antibiotics used in the test. Vibrio cholerae has shown resistance to Colistin antibiotics that is equal to 88.2%, Ampicillin at 23.5% and Ceftazidime at 5.9%. The level of resistance to antibiotics that are still low indicates that the antibacterial group can still be used as an alternative in the treatment of cholera diarrhea.
ICAM-1 and S100β plasma value in children with sepsis
Authors: Safira Lisa , Pudjiadi Anton H , Putra Sukman Tulus
Published: June 2020

ICAM-1 release during sepsis is perceived to be related to brain injury. Whereas S100β  has been known as one of brain injury markers.To measure mean value of ICAM-1, S100β, to find correlation between ICAM-1 and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), between S100β and GCS, also ICAM-1 and S100β.Analytical cross sectional study in 34 sepsis children, measurement of ICAM-1 and S100β plasma levels within day 1 and 3 since diagnosis of sepsis.Median level of  ICAM-1 day one 548,1 (158,6 – 1256,1) ng/mL and day three 596,5 (185,5 – 1264,5) ng/mL (p=0,164). S100β median is significantly higher in severe than mild sepsis (p=0,008 dan p=0,021). On third day S100β was negatively related to GCS (r= - 0,452; p=0,003). The correlation observed between ICAM-1 and S100β on day one was r=0,146 (p=0,409) while on third day was r=0,184 (p=0,298).The prevalence of encephalopathy sepsis is 5.9%, Median ICAM-1 is higher on day three. Median of S100β is higher in severe than mild sepsis.There is no correlation between ICAM-1 and GCS in both sepsis. There was negative correlation between S100β  and GCS  on 3rd day of sepsis. No correlation between ICAM-1 and S100β  on both measurement days.
The relationship of pharmaceutical services toward the use of herbal medicine : Indonesian case
Authors: Arimbawa Putu Eka , Apsari Dewi Puspita , Windra Wartana Putra I Gusti Ngurah Agung , Fasa Muhammad Iqbal
Published: June 2020

Pharmaceutical services are services provided by a pharmacist in providing health information including the use of herbal medicines. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between pharmaceutical services and the use of herbal medicines in the city of Denpasar. The number of samples used was 97. Data were collected from January to February 2020 in the city of Denpasar using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the binary logistic test. The results showed that pharmaceutical services did not have a significant relationship with the use of herbal medicines (P> 0.05). Pharmaceutical services such as completeness of the drug, pharmacist's readiness to assist, and the speed of drug preparation services that are less good can affect the physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of herbal medicine.
Maori Economic Development - Te Ohanga Whanaketanga Maori
Authors: Parker B.D.
Published: June 2020

In 2003 the NZ Institute of Economic Research, in collaboration with Te Puni Kokiri, produced a report entitled Maori Economic Development. This report had the goal of bringing together different strands of analysis in a single overview of the Maori economy, and providing new insights on approaches to Maori development. The objective was to find a way to think about the Maori economy in the same way that we think about the New Zealand, or any other, national economy. As a result of preparing a series of research papers on different aspects of Maori economic development, the report is able to provide useful insights: • For Maori, on the things Maori organisations can do to enhance their economic development prospects - in particular, investment in high quality governance is the most critical next stage of development, which must be guided by Maori; • For New Zealand businesses, on the opportunities available to them to transact with, and invest in, the emerging Maori economy; and • For the Government , on the broad direction of policies which would enhance Maori economic development. In par ticular , the government's interest in Maori development is not just about social responsibility or Treaty of Waitangi risk management. Rather, it is a policy area with significant potential to enhance New Zealand's overall economic performance.
What's possible? A look into the future of grassland farming in New Zealand
Authors: Campbell B.D.
Published: June 2020

This paper considers several of the forces that will shape the future of grassland farming in New Zealand over the next 15 years, including: global changes in food consumer needs, international competition in commodity food production, national regulations for sustainable resource management, global biotechnology advances, biosecurity threats and global climate change. Our current state of preparedness for change is considered, including an assessment of how education, research, grasslandbased industry infrastructure and New Zealand businesses should be preparing for these future changes. The role of innovation to create biotechnology and high-value products (such as functional foods and therapeutic proteins) is given particular attention. It is suggested that region-specific clusters of education, research and business are required to develop these future opportunities. Keywords: competitive forces, grassland farming, research and development
Integrating novel forage management into sheep farm systems
Authors: Cosgrove G.P. , Hyslop M.G. , Anderson C.B. , Litherland A.J. , Lambert M.G.
Published: June 2020

Sheep have a higher intake of nutrients when offered continuous free access to ryegrass and white clover growing separately than when offered the same species growing as a mixture. To determine if this greater nutrient intake would translate to higher animal performance, three experiments of 3-6 weeks duration measured liveweight gain by ewes+twin lambs in early spring, weaned lambs in mid-late spring and hoggets during late winter to identify the class of sheep most responsive to this form of forage presentation. Offering pasture comprised of ryegrass and clover growing separately resulted in higher average daily gains for weaned lambs (330 vs 185 g/ day, P
Modelling hill country pasture production: a decision tree approach
Authors: Zhang B.S. , Valentine I. , Kemp P.D.
Published: June 2020

Decision tree models were applied to predict annual and seasonal pasture production and investigate the interactions between pasture production and environmental and management factors in the North Island hill country. The results showed that spring rainfall was the most important factor influencing annual pasture production, while hill slope was the most important factor influencing spring and winter production. Summer and autumn rainfall were the most important factors influencing summer and autumn production respectively. The decision tree models for annual, spring, summer, autumn and winter pasture production correctly predicted 82%, 71%, 90%, 88% and 90 % of cases in the model validation. By integrating with a geographic information system (GIS), the outputs of these decision tree models can be used as a tool for pasture management in assessing the impacts of alternative phosphorus fertiliser application strategies, or potential climate change, such as summer drought on hill pasture production. This can assist farmers in making decisions such as setting stocking rate and assessing feed supply. Keywords: data mining, decision tree, GIS, hill slope, rainfall
Does spring application of fertiliser urea reduce dairy cow performance?
Authors: Ordóñez A. , Matthew C. , Miller R.D. , Parkinson T. , Holmes C.W. , Lopez-Villalobos N. , Burke J. , Brookes I.
Published: June 2020

This paper reports a field experiment and a farm survey, which aimed to find out if there is evidence that elevated herbage crude protein (CP):sugar levels have negative effects on dairy cow performance. Differences in herbage CP levels were induced by using nitrogen (+N) or withholding (-N) applied as fertiliser urea for two groups of 20 dairy cows in early lactation (August to November 2003). Cows fed urea-fertilised herbage had elevated milk urea levels (-N = 5.4 mmol/l, +N = 8.3 mmol/l, P
Modelling the effects of irrigation reliability on pasture growth in a dairy system in Canterbury
Authors: Thorrold B.S. , Bright K.P. , Palmer C.A. , Wastney M.E.
Published: June 2020

The Canterbury Plains is an area of low rainfall, and large pasture growth responses to irrigation have been demonstrated. As the demand for irrigation water has increased, questions about water allocation impacts on dairy farm production and profit have arisen. This study used farm systems modelling to predict the impacts of water allocation on dairy farming. The model farm was based on a spray irrigated farm, fed from the Rangitata River. A multi-year approach with rainfall, temperature and water supply all affected by weather highlighted both average impacts and the variability in impacts between years. Shifting from dryland to irrigated increased yield and decreased annual variability. A 20% range in water allocated within the four irrigated scenarios gave a 7% range in pasture yield, but there were no differences in annual variability between scenarios in either water supplied or pasture yield. Analysis of simulation results indicated that clusters of poor years and the relationship between dryland and irrigated yields may be important sources of variability for dairy farmers to consider. Interactions between local climate, the seasonal water supply pattern from different irrigation schemes, soil type and irrigation hardware will influence the impacts of restricting water availability on individual farms. The results of this study emphasise the need to consider the role of water storage, climatic patterns, feed storage, use of run-off blocks and the regional balance of water demands as important factors in reducing production variability on-farm and in the region. Keywords: farm systems, pasture yield, Whole Farm Model, yield variability
The use of lime to alleviate high pasture manganese in Central Otago
Authors: Smith L.C. , Trainor K.D. , Catto W.D.
Published: June 2020

Rates of lime (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 t/ha) were applied to two sites (Wyuna and Routeburn Stations) near Glenorchy in Central Otago. At both these sites initial herbage manganese (Mn) concentrations (780 and 471 mg/kg dry matter (DM) respectively) were above the level (400 mg/kg DM) that has been shown to reduce lamb growth rates. Total pasture production for the three years averaged 3600 kg DM/ha/yr at Wyuna and 8400 kg DM/ha/yr at Routeburn. The application of lime to the predominately browntop (Wyuna = 72%, Routeburn = 46%) pastures in this study, did not result in significant pasture production increases in the first 2 years but in Year 3 there was a significant production increase due to lime at Wyuna (P