bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Technical Barriers to Trade on Baltic States’ Export to the World
Authors: Mustafa Amir , Safdar Sadia , Hussain Babar , Khan Azra
Published: October 2022

Purpose: This paper uses the gravity model to examine the impact of technical barriers to trade – a non-tariff measure, on exports from three Baltic states to 146 partner countries (91 developed and 55 developing).
Method: We used panel data from the Baltic States for the period 1990 to 2018 and employ the Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) and the zero-inflated PPML econometric technique for the estimation that allows this analysis in the presence of high-dimensional random effects.
Findings: The results revealed that the effect of TBTs on bilateral exports from the Baltic States is positive and significant reflects trade promotion; similar results are seen in the case of developing and developed partner countries. Furthermore, the comparison revealed that TBT has trade promoting impact in the case of developed and developing countries, but that TBT has affected more in the case of developing countries. Tariffs initiated by partner countries had a negative effect, hence restricting trade, but a higher coefficient value is observed in the case of developing countries.
Implications: The study recommends that the Baltic States equip themselves with the necessary means to deal with TBT measures, in particular against developed countries.
Ending stigma
Authors: Grant Earnest J.
Published: October 2022

Bringing our whole selves to patient care requires nurse mental health support.
Visual abstracts maximize interest and impact
Authors: Layton Shannon S. , Hammond Stephanie , Johnson Cori C. , James David
Published: October 2022

Get creative to extend the reach of your research or project.
Gender differentiation in STEM career choice and the role of education.
Authors: Patrinopoulos Matthaios , Papazisi Christina , Foti Paraskevi , Pantelopoulou Stavroula , Katopodi Maria , Zografou Eleni , Kosyvas Georgios
Published: October 2022

This work is the product of research conducted by the project team of the Regional Directorate for Primary and Secondary Education of Attica formed under the Erasmus+Project “RoboGirls: Empowering girls in STEAM through robotics and coding». The research has focused on identifying and investigating the factors that influence and interpret the differentiation in men and women’s participation in education and in their professional careers in the fields of STEM, but also on the selection of the best educational practices that enhance the participation of women in the STEM fields.  The research has combined literature review with data analysis resulting from questionnaires and interviews of  a selected focus group. The results of the research have contributed to understanding the factors that conduce to the creation of these differences, as well as the role that education can play in Greece and in the EU in bridging the gender gap in the STEM fields.
Intravenous Iron Isomaltoside for Patients With Iron Deficiency Undergoing Elective Surgery
Authors: Farrell Keeley , Bailey Sharon
Published: October 2022

The results of 1 randomized controlled trial did not find a difference in functional status (6-minute walk distance and New York Heart Association class), hand grip strength, or health-related quality of life for patients who underwent a transcatheter aortic valve implantation treated with iron isomaltoside versus placebo.

There was 1 (1.4%) hypersensitivity reaction and 1 (1.4%) episode of chest pain in patients treated with iron isomaltoside in the randomized controlled trial. Rates of other adverse events were similar between patients treated with iron isomaltoside and placebo.
El problema científico: su modelación
Authors: Caraballo Carmona Carlos Manuel , Iglesias Triana Leydis , Morejón Quintana Roberto Isbel
Published: October 2022

Todo proceso de investigación científica está orientado a la solución de problemas científicos los que se formulan conscientemente y cuya solución debe ser alcanzada en el curso de la investigación. En el siguiente trabajo se ofrece una vía de como transitar en una investigación científica desde la situación inicial que motiva al investigador a realizarla, hasta el planteamiento de una idea inicial, la que finalmente a través de un proceso de afinación se traducirá en el problema de la investigación. Se mostrarán ejemplos desde las ciencias pedagógicas y otras áreas del saber que permitirán visualizar en la práctica dicho proceder.
Uso de las fuentes históricas en la arqueología. Su uso en la localización del asentamiento aborigen “El Caney” en Santa Clara. Cuba
Authors: Rodríguez Vallejo Erich , Valdivia Martínez Imirsy
Published: October 2022

El uso de fuentes históricas es un importante aliado de la ciencia arqueológica. Las obras literarias del pasado, los textos históricos entre otras fuentes, arrojan datos de incuestionable valor para desentrañar las características de las comunidades humanas que nos antecedieron en el tiempo. El presente artículo pretende ofrecer los resultados a los cuales arriban los investigadores, luego del análisis de diferentes fuentes históricas en función de la localización geográfica del asentamiento aborigen denominado como “El Caney” en el contexto de la ciudad de Santa Clara, provincia Villa Clara, Cuba. La utilización posterior de métodos arqueológicos permite la confirmación de la presencia aborigen en la zona estudiada.
Winter season Southern Ocean distributions of climate-relevant trace gases
Authors: Zhou Li , Booge Dennis , Zhang Miming , Marandino Christa A.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Climate-relevant trace gas air–sea exchange exerts an
important control on air quality and climate, especially in remote regions
of the planet such as the Southern Ocean. It is clear that polar regions
exhibit seasonal trends in productivity and biogeochemical cycling, but
almost all of the measurements there are skewed to summer months. If we want
to understand how the Southern Ocean affects the balance of climate through
trace gas air–sea exchange, it is essential to expand our measurement
database over greater temporal and spatial scales, including all seasons.
Therefore, in this study, we report measured concentrations of
dimethylsulfide (DMS, as well as related sulfur compounds) and isoprene in the
Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during the winter to understand the
spatial and temporal distribution in comparison to current knowledge and
climatological calculations for the Southern Ocean. The observations of
isoprene are the first in the winter season in the Southern Ocean. We found
that the concentrations of DMS from the surface seawater and air in the
investigated area were 1.03 ± 0.98 nmol−1 and 28.80 ±  12.49 pptv, respectively. The concentrations of isoprene in surface seawater were
14.46 ± 12.23 pmol−1. DMS and isoprene fluxes were 4.04 ± 4.12 µmol m−2 d−1 and 80.55 ± 78.57 nmol m−2 d−1, respectively. These results are generally lower than the values
presented or calculated in currently used climatologies and models. More
data are urgently needed to better interpolate climatological values and
validate process-oriented models, as well as to explore how finer
measurement resolution, both spatially and temporally, can influence air–sea
flux calculations.
A model of the weathering crust and microbial activity on an ice-sheet surface
Authors: Woods Tilly , Hewitt Ian J.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Shortwave radiation penetrating beneath an ice-sheet surface can cause internal melting and the formation of a near-surface porous layer known as the weathering crust, a dynamic hydrological system that provides home to impurities and microbial life. We develop a mathematical model, incorporating thermodynamics and population dynamics, for the evolution of such layers. The model accounts for conservation of mass and energy, for internal and surface-absorbed radiation, and for logistic growth of a microbial species mediated by nutrients that are sourced from the melting ice. It also accounts for potential melt-albedo and microbe-albedo feedbacks, through the dependence of the absorption coefficient on the porosity or microbial concentration. We investigate one-dimensional steadily melting solutions of the model, which give rise to predictions for the weathering crust depth, water content, melt rate, and microbial abundance, depending on a number of parameters. In particular, we examine how these quantities depend on the forcing energy fluxes, finding that the relative amounts of shortwave (surface-penetrating) radiation and other heat fluxes are particularly important in determining the structure of the weathering crust. The results explain why weathering crusts form and disappear under different forcing conditions, and suggest a range of possible changes in behaviour in response to climate change.
Indian Ocean variability changes in the Palaeoclimate Model Intercomparison Project
Authors: Brierley Chris , Thirumalai Kaustubh , Grindrod Edward , Barnsley Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The Indian Ocean exhibits multiple modes of interannual climate variability, whose future behaviour is uncertain. Recent analysis of glacial climates has uncovered an additional El Niño-like equatorial mode in the Indian Ocean, which could also emerge in future warm states. Here we explore changes in the tropical Indian Ocean simulated by the Palaeoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP4). These simulations are performed by an ensemble of models contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6, and over four coordinated experiments: three past periods - the mid-Holocene (6000 years5 ago), the last glacial maximum (21,000 years ago), the last interglacial (127,000 years ago) - and an idealised forcing scenario to examine the impact of greenhouse forcing. The two interglacial experiments are used to characterise the role of orbital variations on the seasonal cycle, whilst the other pair focus on responses to large changes in global temperature. The Indian Ocean Basin Mode (IOBM) is damped in both the mid-Holocene and last interglacial, with the amount related to the damping of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the Pacific. No coherent changes in the strength of the IOBM are seen10 with global temperature changes; neither are changes in the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) nor the Niño-like mode. Under orbital forcing, the IOD robustly weakens during the mid-Holocene experiment, with only minor reductions in amplitude during the last interglacial. Orbital changes do impact the SST pattern of the Indian Ocean Dipole, with the cold pole reaching up to the Equator and extending along it. Induced changes in the regional seasonality are hypothesised to be important control on changes in the Indian Ocean variability.
Distinct regional meteorological influences on low cloud albedo susceptibility over global marine stratocumulus regions
Authors: Zhang Jianhao , Feingold Graham
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Marine stratocumuli cool the Earth effectively due to their high reflectance of incoming solar radiation, and persistent occurrence. The susceptibility of cloud albedo to droplet number concentration perturbations depends strongly on large-scale meteorological conditions. Studies focused on the meteorological dependence of cloud adjustments often overlook the covariability among meteorological factors and their geographical and temporal variability. We use 8 years of satellite observations sorted by day and geographical location to show the global distribution of marine low cloud albedo susceptibility. We find an annual mean cloud brightening potential for most of the regions, more pronounced over subtropical coastal regions. Weak cloud darkening potential in the annual mean is evident over the remote SE Pacific and SE Atlantic. We show that large-scale meteorological fields from the ERA5 reanalysis data, including lower-tropospheric stability, free-tropospheric relative humidity, sea surface temperature, and boundary layer depth, have distinct covariabilities over each of the eastern subtropical ocean basins where marine stratocumulus prevail. This leads to markedly different monthly evolution in albedo susceptibility over each basin. Moreover, we find that basin-specific regional relationships between key meteorological factors and albedo susceptibilities are absent in a global analysis. Our results stress the importance of considering the geographical distinctiveness of temporal meteorological covariability when scaling up the local-to-global response of cloud albedo to aerosol perturbations.
Lessons from and best practices for the deployment of the Soil Water Isotope Storage System
Authors: Havranek Rachel Elizabeth , Snell Kathryn E. , Kopf Sebastian H. , Davidheiser-Kroll Brett , Morris Valerie , Vaughn Bruce
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Soil water isotope datasets are useful for understanding connections between the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. However, they have been underproduced because of technical challenges associated with collecting those datasets. Here, we present the full testing and automation of the Soil Water Isotope Storage System (SWISS). The unique innovation of the SWISS is that we are able to automatically collect water vapor from the critical zone at a regular time interval and then store that water vapor until it can be measured back in a laboratory setting. Through a series of quality assurance and quality control tests, we rigorously tested that the SWISS is resistant to both atmospheric intrusion and leaking in both laboratory and field settings. We assessed the accuracy and precision of the SWISS through a series of experiments where water vapor of known composition was introduced into the flasks, stored for 14 days, and then measured. From these experiments, after applying an offset correction, we assess the precision of the SWISS at 0.9 ‰ and 3.7 ‰ for δ18O and δ2H, respectively. We deployed three SWISS units to three different field sites to demonstrate that the SWISS stores water vapor reliably enough that we are able to differentiate dynamics both between the sites as well within a single soil column. Overall, we demonstrate that the SWISS is able to faithfully retain the stable isotope composition of soil water vapor for long enough to allow researchers to address a wide range of ecohydrologic questions.
Exploring the relationship between temperature forecast errors and Earth system variables
Authors: Ruiz-Vásquez Melissa , O Sungmin , Brenning Alexander , Koster Randal D. , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Weber Ulrich , Arduini Gabriele , Bastos Ana , Reichstein Markus , Orth René
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Accurate subseasonal weather forecasts, from 2 weeks up to a season, can help reduce costs and impacts related to weather and corresponding extremes. The quality of weather forecasts has improved considerably in recent decades as models represent more details of physical processes, and they benefit from assimilating comprehensive Earth observation data as well as increasing computing power. However, with ever-growing model complexity, it becomes increasingly difficult to pinpoint weaknesses in the forecast models' process representations which is key to improving forecast accuracy. In this study, we use a comprehensive set of observation-based ecological, hydrological, and meteorological variables to study their potential for explaining temperature forecast errors at the weekly timescale. For this purpose, we compute Spearman correlations between each considered variable and the forecast error obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) reforecasts at lead times of 1–6 weeks. This is done across the globe for the time period 2001–2017. The results show that temperature forecast errors globally are most strongly related with climate-related variables such as surface solar radiation and precipitation, which highlights the model's difficulties in accurately capturing the evolution of the climate-related variables during the forecasting period. At the same time, we find particular regions in which other variables are more strongly related to forecast errors. For instance, in central Europe, eastern North America and southeastern Asia, vegetation greenness and soil moisture are relevant, while in western South America and central North America, circulation-related variables such as surface pressure relate more strongly with forecast errors. Overall, the identified relationships between forecast errors and independent Earth observations reveal promising variables on which future forecasting system development could focus by specifically considering related process representations and data assimilation.
Multiyear emissions of carbonaceous aerosols from cooking, fireworks, sacrificial incense, joss paper burning, and barbecue as well as their key driving forces in China
Authors: Cheng Yi , Kong Shaofei , Yao Liquan , Zheng Huang , Wu Jian , Yan Qin , Zheng Shurui , Hu Yao , Niu Zhenzhen , Yan Yingying , Shen Zhenxing , Shen Guofeng , Liu Dantong , Wang Shuxiao , Qi Shihua
Published: October 2022

Abstract. There has been controversy regarding the air pollutants emitted from sources
closely related to the activities of daily life in China, such as cooking, setting off fireworks,
sacrificial incense and joss paper burning, and barbecue (which have been named the five
missing sources – FMSs), and the extent to which they impact the outdoor air quality. To date, due to the
lack of both an activity dataset and emission factors, there have been no estimations of the emission of air pollutants from FMSs. In this work, we have attempted to
combine questionnaire data, various statistical data, and data on points
of interest to obtain a relatively complete set of activity data. The
emission factors (EFs) of carbonaceous aerosols were tested in our lab.
Emission inventories of carbonaceous aerosols with a high
spatial–temporal resolution for FMSs were then established, and the
spatial variation trend and driving forces were discussed. From 2000 to
2018, organic carbon (OC) emissions were in the range of 4268–4919 t.
OC emissions from FMSs were between 1.5 ‰ and 2.2 ‰ of the total
emissions in China. Black carbon (BC), elemental carbon (EC), and
brown carbon (BrC) absorption cross-section (ACSBrC) emissions from FMSs were
in the ranges of 22.6–43.9 t, 213–324 t, and 14.7–35.6 Gm2,
respectively. Their emissions tended to be concentrated in certain periods and
areas. The OC emission intensities in central urban areas were 3.85–50.5
times those in rural areas (due to the high density of human activity), while
the ACSBrC emissions in rural regions accounted for 63.0–79.5 % of
the total emissions (resulting from uncontrolled fireworks). A mass of
fireworks led to much higher ACSBrC and EC emissions on
Chinese New Year's Eve, with respective values that were 1444 and 262 times their corresponding yearly
averages. Significant (p<0.01) correlations between the population's
income and pollutant emissions were also found: these correlations were positive (r=0.94) and negative (r=-0.94) for urban and rural regions, respectively, indicating the
necessity to regulate residents' lifestyles and increase residents' income in respective urban and
rural regions. This study provides firsthand data to
identify emissions, variation trends, and impacting factors from the FMSs.
This is helpful for modeling works on air quality, the climate effect, and
human health risks during specific periods or in specific regions as well as for modifying
emission control policies. The data compiled in this work can found at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19999991.v2 (Cheng et al., 2022).
Holocene spatiotemporal millet agricultural patterns in northern China: a dataset of archaeobotanical macroremains
Authors: He Keyang , Lu Houyuan , Zhang Jianping , Wang Can
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Millet agriculture, i.e., broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), initially originated in northern China and provided the basis for the emergence of the first state in the Central Plains. However, owing to the lack of a comprehensive archaeobotanical dataset, when, where, and how these two millet types evolved across different regions and periods remains unclear. Here, we presented a dataset of archaeobotanical macroremains (n=538) spanning the Neolithic and Bronze ages in northern China and suggested a significant spatiotemporal divergence of millet agriculture in the subhumid mid-lower Yellow River (MLY) and semiarid agro-pastoral ecotone (APE). The key timing of the diffusion and transition of millet agriculture occurred around 6000 cal. a BP, coinciding with the Holocene Optimum (8000–6000 cal. a BP) and Miaodigou Age (6200–5500 cal. a BP). It spread westward and northward from the MLY to APE and underwent a dramatic transition from low-yield broomcorn millet to high-yield foxtail millet. The combined influence of warm-wet climate, population pressure, and field management may have promoted the intensification, diffusion, and transition of millet agriculture around 6000 cal. a BP. Thereafter, the cropping patterns in the MLY were predominated by foxtail millet (∼ 80 %), while those in APE focused on both foxtail (∼ 60 %) and broomcorn millet under a persistent drying trend since the mid-Holocene. This study provided the first quantitative spatiotemporal cropping patterns during the Neolithic and Bronze ages in northern China, which can be used for evaluating prehistoric human subsistence, discussing past human–environment interaction, and providing a valuable perspective of agricultural sustainability for the future. The dataset is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6669730 (He et al., 2022).
Adaptive sliding-mode control for improved vibration mitigation in civil engineering structures
Authors: Zizouni Khaled , Saidi Abdelkrim , Fali Leyla , Bousserhane Ismail Khalil , Djermane Mohamed
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Seismic vibration control using a magneto-rheological damper is a technique that interests several researchers around the world. This technique offers suitable structural building protection, ensuring human safety against earthquake excitation damages. The robustness of these devices depended in many cases on the designed law of control. Over the years, research focused on the development and modelling of various controllers to enhance the structural vibration elimination of buildings. The emphasis of this paper is on the evaluation of semi-active control robustness to reduce the displacements of a three-storey tested structure. The semi-active control device is a magneto-rheological fluid damper installed on the ground floor of the earthquake's excited structure and is controlled by an adaptive non-linear controller coupled to a clipped optimal algorithm to drive the current. The proposed controller is a sliding-mode controller reinforced by an adaptive technique to perform the control gain choice and overcome the chattering problem. The present law of adaptation is a switching conditional law between two laws offering the required gain depending on the system state. The numerical simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed semi-active control strategy in attenuating the displacements of the tested structure.
ICDP drilling of the Eger Rift observatory: magmatic fluids driving the earthquake swarms and deep biosphere
Authors: Fischer Tomáš , Hrubcová Pavla , Dahm Torsten , Woith Heiko , Vylita Tomáš , Ohrnberger Matthias , Vlček Josef , Horálek Josef , Dědeček Petr , Zimmer Martin , Lipus Martin P. , Pierdominici Simona , Kallmeyer Jens , Krüger Frank , Hannemann Katrin , Korn Michael , Kämpf Horst , Reinsch Thomas , Klicpera Jakub , Vollmer Daniel , Daskalopoulou Kyriaki
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The new in situ geodynamic laboratory established in the framework of the ICDP Eger project aims to develop the most modern, comprehensive, multiparameter laboratory at depth for studying earthquake swarms, crustal fluid flow, mantle-derived CO2 and helium degassing, and processes of the deep biosphere. In order to reach a new level of high-frequency, near-source and multiparameter observation of earthquake swarms and related phenomena, such a laboratory comprises a set of shallow boreholes with high-frequency 3-D seismic arrays as well as modern continuous real-time fluid monitoring at depth and the study of the deep biosphere. This laboratory is located in the western part of the Eger Rift at the border of the Czech Republic and Germany (in the West Bohemia–Vogtland geodynamic region) and comprises a set of five boreholes around the seismoactive zone. To date, all monitoring boreholes have been drilled. This includes the seismic monitoring boreholes S1, S2 and S3 in the crystalline units north and east of the major Nový Kostel seismogenic zone, borehole F3 in the Hartoušov mofette field and borehole S4 in the newly discovered Bažina maar near Libá. Supplementary borehole P1 is being prepared in the Neualbenreuth maar for paleoclimate and biological research. At each of these sites, a borehole broadband seismometer will be installed, and sites S1, S2 and S3 will also host a 3-D seismic array composed of a vertical geophone chain and surface seismic array. Seismic instrumenting has been completed in the S1 borehole and is in preparation in the remaining four monitoring boreholes. The continuous fluid monitoring site of Hartoušov includes three boreholes, F1, F2 and F3, and a pilot monitoring phase is underway. The laboratory also enables one to analyze microbial activity at CO2 mofettes and maar structures in the context of changes in habitats. The drillings into the maar volcanoes contribute to a better understanding of the Quaternary paleoclimate and volcanic activity.
Simple evaluation of the fold axis, axial plane, and interlimb angle from a borehole image log
Authors: Hamada Yohei , Sanada Yoshinori , Hirose Takehiro
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Folds and fractures are important structures that preserve information on the past stress evolution; however, folds remain largely unexplored. Studying folds remains challenging, as no simple and unified method can be used to evaluate fold parameters, which include the fold axis, axial plane, and interlimb angle with depth. In this study, we propose a method to calculate the fold parameters of cylindrical concentric
folds by considering the point at which the bedding trend changes as an
inflexion point of the fold. The inflexion point is identified from the
analysis of bedding orientation, which can be obtained by borehole image
log. The orientation of the fold axis and the axial plane were geometrically calculated based on the inflexion surfaces at both ends of the folds. The application of this method is illustrated using a simulated fold model. It is shown that these fold parameters are calculated using the depth of the fold and are reliable to a certain extent, despite the uncertainty of the inflexion points. Although the extraction method assumes cylindrical concentric folds, it can be applied to symmetric folds to estimate the orientation of the fold axis and axial planes. The method developed in this study is expected to have a wide range of applications in structural geology as it can estimate the fold parameters of each fold traversed by a borehole.
Mediterranean–Black Sea gateway exchange: scientific drilling workshop on the BlackGate project
Authors: Krijgsman Wout , Vasiliev Iuliana , Beniest Anouk , Lyons Timothy , Lofi Johanna , Tari Gabor , Slomp Caroline P. , Cagatay Namik , Triantaphyllou Maria , Flecker Rachel , Palcu Dan , McHugh Cecilia , Arz Helge , Henry Pierre , Lloyd Karen , Cifci Gunay , Sipahioglu Özgür , Sakellariou Dimitris ,   the BlackGate workshop participants
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The MagellanPlus workshop “BlackGate” addressed fundamental questions
concerning the dynamic evolution of the Mediterranean–Black Sea (MBS)
gateway and its palaeoenvironmental consequences. This gateway drives the
Miocene–Quaternary circulation patterns in the Black Sea and governs its
present status as the world's largest example of marine anoxia. The exchange
history of the MBS gateway is poorly constrained because continuous
Pliocene–Quaternary deposits are not exposed on land adjacent to the Black
Sea or northern Aegean. Gateway exchange is controlled by climatic
(glacio-eustatic-driven sea-level fluctuations) and tectonic processes in
the catchment as well as tectonic propagation of the North Anatolian Fault
Zone (NAFZ) in the gateway area itself. Changes in connectivity trigger
dramatic palaeoenvironmental and biotic turnovers in both the Black Sea and
Mediterranean domains. Drilling a Messinian to Holocene transect across the
MBS gateway will recover high-amplitude records of continent-scale
hydrological changes during glacial–interglacial cycles and allow us to
reconstruct marine and freshwater fluxes, biological turnover events, deep
biospheric processes, subsurface gradients in primary sedimentary
properties, patterns and processes controlling anoxia, chemical
perturbations and carbon cycling, growth and propagation of the NAFZ, the
timing of land bridges for Africa and/or Asia–Europe mammal migration, and the
presence or absence of water exchange during the Messinian salinity crisis.
During thorough discussions at the workshop, three key sites were selected
for potential drilling using a mission-specific platform (MSP): one on the
Turkish margin of the Black Sea (Arkhangelsky Ridge, 400 m b.s.f., metres below the seafloor), one on the
southern margin of the Sea of Marmara (North İmrali Basin, 750 m b.s.f.), and one
in the Aegean (North Aegean Trough, 650 m b.s.f.). All sites target Quaternary
oxic–anoxic marl–sapropel cycles. Plans include recovery of Pliocene
lacustrine sediments and mixed marine–brackish Miocene sediments from the
Black Sea and the Aegean. MSP drilling is required because the JOIDES Resolution
cannot pass under the Bosporus bridges. The wider goals are in line with the
aims and scope of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) “2050 Science Framework: Exploring Earth by
Scientific Ocean Drilling” and relate specifically to the strategic
objectives “Earth's climate system”, “Tipping points in Earth's history”, and
“Natural hazards impacting society”.
Integration of concentrated solar thermal energy for industrial hydrogen production
Authors:   , Onigbajumo Adetunji
Published: October 2022

The research demonstrated a balanced process, energy, and techno-economic argument for the utilisation of concentrated solar thermal energy, essentially, for hydrogen production and other industrial process systems. The representative case studies undertaken in the research addressed process and solar thermal energy modelling, energy integration, process optimisation, exergy assessment, and techno-economic evaluation as it relates to renewable hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuel production. The research established that economic assessment studies, process-energy configuration, choice of renewable energy, and mixed energy options are key to the shift from fossil fuel to green energy and industrial production to significantly reduce the impact of climate change.
The Role of Concept Images in Developing Statistical Understanding: Statistical Significance
Authors:   Michigan State University, Burrill Gail
Published: October 2022

Instruction often glosses over core concepts, leaving students with fragile understandings and limited ability to use those concepts. Interacting with carefully developed dynamic interactive technology apps can help students build a “movie clip” of features of the concept that can become the basis for understanding. This paper discusses the use of such apps in a simulation based, formula-light statistics and probability course for elementary preservice teachers The discussion includes a description of the course content leading to inference and the results of analyzing student thinking with respect to statistical significance using an adaptation of the SOLO taxonomy. Recommendations are given for instruction and additional research.
Justifest: A Blended Learning Tool for Statistical Analysis Plans
Authors:   Ghent University, De Keersmaeker Frederik , Vangenechten Eva ,   Ghent University, Fransen Erik ,   University of Antwerp, Goetghebeur Els ,   Ghent University
Published: October 2022

Statistics classes in higher education often focus on specific analyses, assuming a research question was previously formulated and an analysis plan for the available data was agreed on. These early stages of the investigative process are, however, critical steps where important choices are made and where statistical thinking must lead to a justified approach. We built a blended learning tool—Justifest —that stimulates students to practice planning skills, facing the consequences of various choices. Starting from a simple, small, but relevant case study, they come up with a plan to investigate whether university grades have changed during the coronavirus pandemic. We help to improve their initial analysis plan by asking critical questions at the conceptual level and revealing frequentist properties through plasmode simulation.
Teaching Statistics With MATLAB: How and Why?
Authors:   University College London, Ogbonnaya Chibueze
Published: October 2022

Teaching statistics with software is a practical approach for introducing students to real world problems and how to analyse data. There are different choices of software for teaching statistics, however R and SPSS have been the most common choices. This has often caused a dilemma for students and researchers who have an engineering background and may prefer to do most of their analysis within MATLAB instead of learning a new programming language they may not use often. This paper explores lesson learned from creating a new MATLAB short course and some useful tools for teaching statistics using MATLAB.
Jupyter Notebooks for Teaching, Learning, and Doing Data Science
Authors:   Paderborn University, Fleischer Yannik , Hüsing Sven ,   Paderborn University, Biehler Rolf ,   Paderborn University, Podworny Susanne ,   Paderborn University, Schulte Carsten ,   Paderborn University
Published: October 2022

We report on our work with students in our data science courses, focusing on the analysis of students’ results. This study represents an in-depth analysis of students’ creation and documentation of machine learning models. The students were supported by educationally designed Jupyter Notebooks, which are used as worked examples. Using the worked example, students document their results in a so-called computational essay. We examine which aspects of creating computational essays are difficult for students to find out how worked examples should be designed to support students without being too prescriptive. We analyze the computational essays produced by students and draw consequences for redesigning our worked example.
Visualizing Markov Processes
Authors:   The University of Auckland, Budgett Stephanie , Asanjarani Azam ,   The University of Auckland, Afimeimounga Heti ,   The University of Auckland
Published: October 2022

Researchers and educators have long been aware of the misconceptions prevalent in people’s probabilistic reasoning processes. Calls to reform the teaching of probability from a traditional and predominantly mathematical approach to include an emphasis on modelling using technology have been heeded by many. The purpose of this paper is to present our experiences of including an activity based on an interactive visualisation tool in the Markov processes module of a first-year probability course. Initial feedback suggests that the tool may support students’ understanding of the equilibrium distribution and points to certain aspects of the tool that may be beneficial. A targeted survey, to be administered in Semester 1, 2022, aims to provide more insight.
Evaluation of the Teaching Material Developed by Biostatistics Teachers, Through Student Assessments in 2020
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Terán Teresita Evelina , Nascimbene Augusto ,   Universidad Nacional de Rosario
Published: October 2022

Students' assessment of teaching materials is a source of data to assess the quality of teaching. The opinions of the students of Biostatistics and Veterinary Medicine of the National University Entre Ríos (UNER) regarding the didactic material in the virtual world were investigated. The 82 students enrolled in the virtual classroom were surveyed. Students' evaluations of the teaching material uploaded to the virtual classroom were analyzed through a survey that consisted of four blocks of closed questions on format, design, content and general aspects. The students recognized the usefulness and practicality of the teaching material used by the teachers. This challenge is innovative as it is a starting point to promote other types of teaching. La valoración de los alumnos de los materiales didácticos constituye una fuente de datos para evaluar la calidad de la enseñanza. Se indagaron las opiniones de los alumnos de Bioestadística y de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Entre Ríos (UNER) respecto del material didáctico en la virtualidad. Se encuestó a los 82 alumnos inscriptos en el aula virtual. Se analizaron las valoraciones de los alumnos respecto del material didáctico subido al aula virtual a través de una encuesta que constó de cuatro bloques de preguntas cerradas sobre Formato, Diseño, Contenido y Aspectos generales. Los alumnos reconocieron la utilidad y practicidad del material didáctico utilizado por los docentes. Este desafío es innovador ya que es un punto de partida para promover otro tipo de enseñanza.
So, You Have Retired: How Can You Continue to Help the Statistics and Data Science Education Professions?
Authors:   Retired from Winona State University & U.S. Energy Information Administration, Blumberg Carol Joyce , Nichols Rebecca ,   American Statistical Association, Murphy Megan ,   American Statistical Association
Published: October 2022

This paper describes ways retirees have contributed as volunteers to the growth of statistics and data science education at local, national, and international levels, with focus on help given to the American Statistical Association (ASA), its local chapters, and its specialized subject matter sections. Topics include mentoring, developing new materials for primary through post-secondary education, reviewing materials in development, reviewing journal submissions, and volunteering to help with competitions. ASA has benefitted from using volunteers because by having volunteers do certain tasks, ASA employees have more time to work on other ways of improving statistics and data science education. Further, they have regular contact with experts with extensive experience. A major benefit for the volunteers is that volunteering helps them keep current on newest trends.
Reading to Write, Writing to Read, and the Development of Skills in Data Translation
Authors:   University of Toronto, Gibbs Alison
Published: October 2022

There have been many discussions about the nature of data science and the training of data scientists. Common to these discussions is the recognized demand for data scientists who can communicate effectively to stakeholders. More recently, data translator has been identified as a needed role on data science teams for which it is difficult to find appropriately skilled people. Students in our undergraduate programs in statistics and data science typically enroll in these programs because of their interest and aptitude in mathematical and computational problem solving. How do we improve their communication skills to help fill the need for data translators? We describe ways we have integrated reading and writing in an undergraduate capstone course with the goal of developing the required skills.
Characterization of a Critical Stochastic Modeling Scenario and the Linked Modeling Cycle
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Magallanes Adriana , Esteley Cristina ,   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Published: October 2022

From the perspective of statistical education, there is a need to provide theoretical and empirical advances linked to modeling work in the field of teaching statistics. To contribute with such proposals, an educational scenario focused on stochastic modeling and the linked modeling cycle are presented and characterized. The scenario is designed with contributions from critical mathematics education and starts from a real life situation. For the stochastic modeling cycle, contributions from authors of the international scope are taken. From the experience we report a notion of critical stochastic modeling scenario and present a diagram of the modeling cycle consisting of seven interconnected phases linking a critical analysis of reality and stochastic knowledge. Desde la educación estadística se plantea la necesidad de proveer avances teóricos y empíricos vinculados a trabajos con modelización en el ámbito de la enseñanza de la estadística. Para contribuir con tales planteos, se presentan y caracterizan un escenario educativo focalizado en modelización estocástico y el ciclo de modelización vinculado. El escenario se diseña con aportes de la Educación Matemática Crítica y se inicia a partir de una situación de la vida real. Para el ciclo de modelización estocástica se toman aportes de autores del ámbito internacional. A partir de lo vivido reportamos una noción de escenario de modelización estocástico crítico y presentamos un diagrama del ciclo de modelización integrado por siete fases interconectadas vinculando un análisis crítico de la realidad y saberes estocásticos.
Hybrid Modality in Statistical Learning: Effects on Attitudes and Skills
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, González Beltrán Luis Fernando , Rivas García Olga ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mares Cárdenas María Guadalupe ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Rueda Pineda Elena ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Rocha Leyva Héctor ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: October 2022

Due to the poor preparation with which students arrive, we have used a text analysis strategy, underlining statistical analysis, encountering resistance from students, presumably by a negative attitude towards statistics. The objective was to test the modification of attitudes in addition to the acquisition of skills. Participants were 34 psychology students. With a pretest posttest design, an attitudes scale and an examination were applied to them. In addition to participating in a virtual course, a video showed the logic of statistical analysis, and they were asked for the strategic analysis of seven articles with a discussion forum. Significant differences were found. It is shown that the teaching of statistics will only make sense within the context of the research and intervention process. Debido a la mala preparación con que llegan los estudiantes, hemos utilizado una estrategia de análisis de textos, subrayando el análisis estadístico, encontrando resistencia de los alumnos, presumiblemente por una actitud negativa hacia la estadística. El objetivo fue probar la modificación de actitudes además de la adquisición de habilidades. Participaron 34 estudiantes de Psicología Presencial. Con un diseño pretest postest, se les aplicó una escala de actitudes y un examen, además de participar en un curso virtual, un video mostró la lógica del análisis estadístico, y se les pidió el análisis estratégico de siete artículos, con un foro de discusión. Se encontraron diferencias significativas. Se demuestra que la enseñanza de la estadística solo tendrá sentido dentro del contexto del proceso de investigación e intervención.
Four Themes About Construction of Histograms
Authors:   University of Florida, Mocko Megan , Maxwell Dan ,   University of Florida
Published: October 2022

This article reports findings from a multi-year mixed-method study that explored the challenges students encountered while answering fundamental histogram questions. In the first stage in 2017, an exploratory study was conducted using think-aloud protocols. In the second stage in 2019, an online survey was developed to confirm the preliminary themes. Four themes were identified. The themes are as follows: (a) identify the correct type of graph to explore the center and variability of one quantitative variable; (b) realize data has its own expressed shape; (c) lose concrete identifiers; and (d) create bins and count individual values. These themes will add to the current knowledge of students' difficulty with interpreting and describing histograms. This knowledge can help teachers prepare activities to promote understanding of histograms.
The COVID-19 Crisis as a Challenge for the Integration of Statistical and Citizenship Education
Authors:   Ludwigsburg University of Education, Weber-Stein Florian , Engel Joachim ,   Ludwigsburg University of Education
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 crisis has shown how fundamentally important it is to weigh up risks and probabilities on the basis of statistical data for shaping social coexistence. A vibrant democracy that wants to prove resilient to expertocratic strategies of rule needs citizens who take part in public deliberations and intervene in political affairs. However, without a basic understanding of statistical concepts, it is difficult to follow media coverage of the pandemic and policy actions taken, let alone intervene in political processes. It is therefore necessary to link statistical and citizenship education. We present our concept of a joint course for mathematics and political science students preparing to be secondary teachers that is currently given at Ludwigsburg University of Education (Germany). Empirical results are forthcoming.
Association Vs Causation; Disparity Vs Discrimination
Authors:   University of New Mexico, Schield Milo
Published: October 2022

Association is not causation. This claim is central to the teaching of statistics. This paper reviews the phrases used to distinguish these in the everyday media. These phrases are grouped into an A-B-C classification: A indicates association, C indicates causation, and B indicates in-between. This classification is extended to claim that disparity (association) is not discrimination (causation). Finally, disparate impact is distinguished from systemic discrimination. Statistical educators have no expertise in deciding whether an association is causation, whether a disparity is discrimination, or whether a disparate impact involves systemic discrimination. But they do have expertise in analyzing the effects of context on the size and direction of a statistical association or disparity.
A Call for Being Human in Undergraduate Statistics
Authors:   Amherst University, Liao Shu-Min , Bunnell Sarah ,   Amherst University, Jaswal Sheila ,   Amherst University
Published: October 2022

There are many calls for humanizing STEM, including statistics. We begin this paper by providing an evidence-based analysis of the ways in which personal experiences, community structures, and power dynamics may shape the data analysis cycle. Next, we introduce an interdisciplinary framework developed at our U.S.-based liberal arts college—namely, “Being Human in STEM” (HSTEM). The HSTEM initiative helps students understand and navigate their identities (and associated privileges and biases) in academia by reflecting on their own lived experiences, engaging with empirical evidence on inequities in STEM, and then developing an action project to enhance STEM inclusion. Finally, we share lessons learned from multiple iterations of this course and discuss how to adapt the HSTEM framework to create a more inclusive, humanized, undergraduate statistics curriculum.