bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated CA15‐3 Levels in Myeloid Disorders: Clinicopathological Correlation
Authors: Saharti Samah , Qari Mohamad
Published: February 2025

Background: Serum tumor markers are beneficial to patients with advanced cancer because they help in early diagnosis, determining prognosis, predicting response to certain medications, and monitoring therapy. The prognostic value of cancer antigen 15‐3 (CA15‐3) serum‐level changes in breast cancer is very well established. The main cause behind the elevation of CA 15‐3 is metastatic breast carcinoma. In this study, we will run a record review to study comprehensively the clinical association between chronic myeloid disorders and CA15‐3 elevation.

Method: In this retrospective study, we run CA15‐3 on 106 patients with different myeloid disorders diagnosed between 2008 and 2021 from several tertiary care centers in Saudi Arabia, Jeddah, majority of which (38 cases) were diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (35.8%). Others had essential thrombocytosis (22.6%), chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (20.8%), myelofibrosis (7.5%), acute myeloid leukemia (4.7%), myelodysplastic syndrome (4.7%), and polycythemia vera (3.8%).

Result: An increase in CA15‐3 was seen in 50% of all cases. In particular, polycythemia vera showed an elevation in 100% of the cases (4 out of 4). Second in expressivity is myelodysplastic syndrome (80%, 4 out of 5 cases). Close in value is myelofibrosis (75%, 6 out of 8 cases). The least association is noted between CA15‐3 and essential thrombocytosis (16.7%, 4 out of 24 cases).

Conclusion: When CA15‐3 levels are considered during the time of myeloid disorder diagnosis, it shows an independent predictive value. More research is needed to determine the utility of these serum biomarkers in myeloid disorders decision‐making. This is a thorough case series of chronic myeloid disorders inclusive of all myeloproliferative neoplasms besides myelodysplastic syndrome describing the association with CA15‐3.
Wernicke Encephalopathy Related to Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Retrospective Study of 12 Cases
Authors: Abouelbaqua Kaouthar , Rebahi Houssam , Louhab Nisrine , Kissani Najib , El Adib Ahmed Rhassane
Published: February 2025

Objective: Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) related to hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a devastating neuropsychiatric syndrome that remains frequently undiagnosed in pregnant women. Although many cases have been published, more studies are required to establish guidelines for the early detection and treatment of this condition.

Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to analyze the available data concerning 12 cases of WE complicating HG in the Mother and Child Hospital’s Obstetric Intensive Care Unit, belonging to Mohamed VI University Hospital of Marrakesh.

Results: Twelve out of 76 HG admitted cases developed WE. Pregnant WE patients became depleted after 11 weeks of vomiting at median gestational weeks of 16.2. They had a severe weight loss of more than 5% of their body and had all presented prodromal signs of WE before the actual onset of the clinical triad. WE diagnosis was clinically made based on Caine’s operational criteria as they allow early identification of the disease. A good tool that could also aid diagnosis is an encephalic MRI; however, it should not delay treatment with prompt administration of high doses of thiamin of > 500 mg/day. Chronic sequelae in this study occurred in 45.5% and death in one case.

Conclusion: In HG, thiamin rapidly depletes which can lead to WE with adverse outcomes for the mother and fetus. Therefore, physicians must be vigilant in detecting early signs of WE to promptly provide a high dose of thiamin with targeted multimodal therapies as this could be lifesaving.
Adaptive Neural Control Approach for Switched Nonlinear Discrete‐Time Systems With Actuator Faults and Input Dead Zone
Authors: Alruwaily Ymnah , Kharrat Mohamed
Published: February 2025

In this paper, an adaptive control strategy is developed for discrete‐time switched nonlinear systems with actuator faults and dead‐zone input under arbitrary switching conditions. The actuator faults considered include loss‐of‐effectiveness and bias faults, which are unknown but bounded. The complex structure of these systems, combined with actuator faults and dead‐zone inputs, presents significant challenges for control and this problem is addressed by approximating the unknown functions of each subsystem using radial basis function neural networks. Under arbitrary switching signals, the suggested controller and adaptive laws ensure that all signals remain bounded and the system output tracks the reference signal with a small bounded tracking error. The efficiency of the control technique is proven by two numerical examples.
Time‐Series Load Online Prediction of Wind Turbine Based on Adaptive Multisource Operational Data Fusion
Authors: Wang Ruojin , Wang Xiaodong , Fu Deyi , Yang Bin , Liu Yingming
Published: February 2025

Aiming at the problem that the stochastic change of wind turbine generator (WTG) working conditions and the complex nonlinear relationship between load and operation data make it difficult to predict the short‐term load online, this paper proposes an adaptive multi‐information source data fusion online prediction method for WTG load. Random forest (RF) and WaveNet time series (WTS) are established as subinformation source models, and the influence of input features and historical data on load prediction is considered from horizontal and vertical dimensions. In order to reduce the influence of original data completeness on load prediction, the deviation degree of load prediction of RF and WTS is analyzed. The deviation degree of the subinformation source model is used as the basis for judgment, and it is fused into a multi‐information source load model with adaptive deviation degree analysis to predict the loads on the blades, tower top, and tower bottom of the wind turbine. According to the 15 MW semisubmersible offshore WTG load prediction example, the prediction error of this method is about 4% under normal data conditions and 6% under abnormal data conditions, and the calculation time of 200 sets of test data is 0.053 s, which meets the needs of pitch control and has the potential to be applied in the optimization of pitch control strategy.
Evaluation of Chopped Sugarcane Storage in Different Periods of the Season and Their Influence on the Sugar and Ethanol Process
Authors: Madaleno Leonardo Lucas , Guimarães Camila Carla , Ferri Elaine Hartmann , Franzé Rodrigo Vezzani
Published: February 2025

Sugarcane storage has been studied because of the impact of industrial processes. However, the impact of the use of chopped green cane has not been fully characterized. In particular, there was a lack of information on the influence of the harvest season period on cut stalk storage in the “stock on wheels” model. The present work evaluated the effects of chopped sugarcane storage during the beginning, middle, and final harvest seasons on the quality of intermediate sugar and ethanol processing and products during two seasons. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots (4 × 3) and four replicates. The primary treatments were sugarcane stored for 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h and 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h for the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons. The second treatment included the following seasonal periods: the beginning, middle, and end of sugarcane harvest. The intermediate sugar process was evaluated using extracted juice, a clarification process, clarified juice, and syrup. On the other hand, the quality of the wort, fermentation process, and wine were evaluated for ethanol production. The results revealed that the weight loss of the chopped sugarcane gradually increased. Weight loss is more intense depending on the period of the season when the weather conditions are drying. In terms of the quality of the process and products, a reduction in starch levels was detected with storage of the extracted juice and syrup, probably due to the metabolism of the chopped sugarcane. The maximum storage time of 24 h for sugar‐ and ethanol‐containing products seems possible without reducing the quality of the process or products. However, the continuous weight loss with increasing storage time should reduce the quantity of products obtained.
Monkeypox: Origin, Transmission, Clinical Manifestations, Prevention, and Therapeutic Options
Authors: Halder Sajal Kumar , Sultana Arafin , Himel Mahbubul Kabir , Shil Aparna
Published: February 2025

Monkeypox is a rapidly spreading transmissible disease induced by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a major public health problem worldwide. The origin of monkeypox might be tracked to the continent of Africa, where it first afflicted primate species prior to spreading to the world. Severe health issues for the public have been raised as a result of the disease’s current breakouts in nonendemic areas and its subsequent dissemination to several nations throughout the globe. Monkeypox spreads by having contact with infected creatures or people, as well as respiratory droplets and contaminated things. Symptoms of monkeypox in young children and adults are different. While the symptoms are similar to smallpox, monkeypox has a reduced mortality rate. Proper diagnosis, suitable care, and focused preventative efforts all depend on becoming cognizant of those distinctions. Numerous promising therapeutic approaches have been recently investigated. Antiviral drugs such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir, which were initially developed to treat smallpox, were found to have been effective in treating MPXV cases. Moreover, vaccinations continue to be an important preventative step. The purpose of this article is to offer the most recent and thorough information available on monkeypox, including its possible causes, modes of transfer, and potential treatments. By identifying the distinct forms of monkeypox and exploring potential treatment options, this work contributes to the ongoing battle against MPXVs and the management of this novel viral disease. To stop the propagation of monkeypox, greater research and communication are needed to provide stronger treatments and effective vaccinations.
Optimization of Wall Material Composition for Encapsulating Bioactive Compounds From Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) Stems
Authors: Singh Salam Maheshkumar , Tripathy Soubhagya , Ghodki Bhupendra M. , Srivastav Prem Prakash
Published: February 2025

Giloy plant offers notable health advantages due to its abundant bioactive components. The encapsulation technique demonstrated significant potential in maintaining/enhancing such compounds’ stability and nutraceutical properties. Thus, this study is aimed at obtaining an optimized composition of wall materials for microencapsulation of giloy stem extract (core material) using spray drying. The Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the wall material composition based on significant responses using Design Expert V11 software. The concentration of wall materials ranged from 0% to 10% for maltodextrin (MD), 0%–10% for whey protein (WP), and 0%–10% for pea protein (PP). The air input and exit temperature in the spray dryer were maintained at an average constant value of 110 °C and 50 °C at a 2.5 mL/min flow rate. The optimal composition of wall material was 4.42% MD, 6.95% WP, and 9.99% PP. At this condition, 86.67 ± 2.32% encapsulation efficiency, 79.02 ± 3.25 g/100 mL process yield, 9.07 ± 0.87% (w/w) moisture content, 120.25 ± 4.97 mg GAE/g total phenolic compound, 124.32 ± 4.33 mg QE/g total flavonoid compound, and 34.47 ± 1.25 mg GAEAC/g antioxidant activity were observed as responses. Further, the optimal spray‐dried microcapsules (SDMs) had a smoother outer surface than the other wall material combinations/compositions and showed amorphous characteristics as confirmed by SEM and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, respectively. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed adequate chemical bonding within core and wall materials at optimal encapsulation conditions. The encapsulated giloy bioactive can be used as a functional ingredient in food.
Optimization of Sample Size, Data Points, and Data Augmentation Stride in Vibration Signal Analysis for Deep Learning‐Based Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machines
Authors: Kibrete Fasikaw , Woldemichael Dereje Engida , Gebremedhen Hailu Shimels
Published: February 2025

In recent years, deep learning models have increasingly been employed for fault diagnosis in rotating machines, with remarkable results. However, the accuracy and reliability of these models in fault diagnosis tasks can be significantly influenced by critical input parameters, such as the sample size, the number of data points within each sample, and the augmentation stride in vibration signal analysis. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a new adaptive method based on Bayesian optimization to determine the optimal combination of these input parameters from raw vibration signals and enhance the diagnostic performance of deep learning models. This study utilizes a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1‐D CNN) as the deep learning model for fault classification. The proposed adaptive 1‐D CNN‐based fault diagnosis method is validated via vibration signals collected from motor rolling bearings and achieves a fault diagnosis accuracy of 100%. Compared with existing CNN‐based diagnosis methods, this adaptive approach not only achieves the highest accuracy on the testing set but also demonstrates stable performance during training, even under varying operating conditions. These results indicate the importance of optimizing the input parameters of deep learning models employed in fault diagnosis tasks.
Supplementary Table S3 from Alcohol Consumption Does not Modify the Polygenic Risk Score–Based Genetic Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Zhang Minghui , Ru Meng , Zhang Jingning , Wang Ziqiao , Lu Jiayun , Butler Kenneth R. , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Couper David J. , Prizment Anna E. , Soori Mehrnoosh M. , Visvanathan Kala , Zahnow Cynthia A. , Joshu Corinne E. , Platz Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table S3: The association between current ethanol intake and breast cancer incidence excluding extreme ethanol intake values, stratified by race in ARIC (1990-2015)
Supplemental Table 4 from Metabolic Phenotype and Risk of Obesity-Related Cancers in the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Karra Prasoona , Hardikar Sheetal , Winn Maci , Anderson Garnet L. , Haaland Benjamin , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Seguin-Fowler Rebecca A. , Thomson Cynthia A. , Coday Mace , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Stefanick Marcia L. , Zhang Xiaochen , Cheng Ting-Yuan David , Karanth Shama , Sun Yangbo , Saquib Nazmus , Pichardo Margaret S. , Jung Su Yon , Tabung Fred K. , Summers Scott A. , Holland William L. , Jalili Thunder , Gunter Marc J. , Playdon Mary C.
Published: February 2025

Supplemental Table 4. Association between metabolic phenotypes defined by high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) ≥ 3 mg/L with obesity-related cancer risk in the Women’s Health Initiative cohort (N= 21,245).
Supplementary Table 1 from Loss of NF1 Accelerates Uveal and Intradermal Melanoma Tumorigenesis, and Oncogenic GNAQ Transforms Schwann Cells
Authors: Longakit Anne Nathalie , Urtatiz Oscar , Luty Amy , Zhang Christina , Hess Chloe , Yoo Alyssa , Bourget Hannah , Van Raamsdonk Catherine D.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table 1a-1h
Supplementary Figure 11 from Loss of NF1 Accelerates Uveal and Intradermal Melanoma Tumorigenesis, and Oncogenic GNAQ Transforms Schwann Cells
Authors: Longakit Anne Nathalie , Urtatiz Oscar , Luty Amy , Zhang Christina , Hess Chloe , Yoo Alyssa , Bourget Hannah , Van Raamsdonk Catherine D.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 11
Figure 7 from Loss of NF1 Accelerates Uveal and Intradermal Melanoma Tumorigenesis, and Oncogenic GNAQ Transforms Schwann Cells
Authors: Longakit Anne Nathalie , Urtatiz Oscar , Luty Amy , Zhang Christina , Hess Chloe , Yoo Alyssa , Bourget Hannah , Van Raamsdonk Catherine D.
Published: February 2025

Gene expression analysis suggests that sparse pigment tumors are related to Schwann cells. A, The most significant terms returned from GO analysis of the top 150 genes upregulated in sparse pigment tumors vs. intradermal melanomas, by log2 fold change, using Descartes cell types and tissues, 2023. B, Heatmap of gene expression that indicates higher collagen, fibroblast, and matrix gene expression in sparse pigment tumors. C–E, IHC for Mbp, a marker for Schwann cells (C), or S100b, a marker for neural crest–derived cells (D), or CD34 (E) in indicated tissues. Red arrows in E indicate cells of interest. The CD34 IHC gave different results in the two tumor types. CD34-positive cells in the intradermal melanoma line capillaries and vessels. In the sparse pigment tumors, arrows indicate examples of weak CD34-positive cells that are also round and basophilic. Ens, enteric nervous system.
COPD Burden of disease from 2017 to 2022: analysis of 44260 hospitalization in the Italian Apulian region.
Authors: Resta Emanuela , Graziano Giusi , Riformato Giacomo , Noviello Chiara , Tafuri Silvio , Pierucci Paola
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Natural history of COPD is characterized by a progressive decline in pulmonary function and recurrent exacerbations, requiring frequent hospital admissions in medical wards. Great heterogeneity still exists between studies hindering our understanding of the true, global burden of AECOPD on healthcare systems over COVID19 pandemic. We aim to describe the AECOPD in souther Italian region from 2017-2022 and to detail the location of admission, rate and characteristics of deaths and use of noninvasive respiratory supports.
Methods
Retrospective, cross-sectional study carried out in collaboration with the Apulian Regional Observatory for Epidemiology over the second semester of 2023. Selected records with specific ICD9 codes related to AECOPD and its clinical details, related complications, number of re-hospitalization, and noninvasive respiratory supports use described as “principal” or “secondary” or ”other diagnosis” were considered.
Results
From 2017 to 2022 a total of 29,917 patients with AECOPD were admitted in hospital and they generated a total of 44,260 hospitalization. The male gender represented 60.9% of total, mean age 77.1±11.2 years; Deaths were 3743, complicated by other comorbidities in 54% of cases. Readmissions rate was 8.5%. Deaths allocation was: Intensive care 37.7 %, General medicine 33%, Respiratory ward 13.5% etc. Noninvasive respiratory supports were used in 47% of cases.
Discussion
This prolonged and deeply characterized clinical observation of AECOPD admissions including COVID19 pandemic years in Apulia region shows that they present with older age, affected by onemore comorbidities with more severe disease requiring in almost half percentage of case the use of respiratory support ( HFNC and NIV). However, the high rate of deaths highlights the urgent need to further support the most severe cases who deserve more tailored ward allocation and care management.
Pharmacological characterization of GB1908, a selective galectin-1 carbohydrate binding domain inhibitor for the treatment of cancer.
Authors: Herman Kimberly D. , Holyer Ian , Humphries Duncan C. , Roper James A. , Peterson Kristoffer , Zetterberg Fredrik R. , Pedersen Anders , Mackinnon Alison C. , Slack Robert J.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a lectin that has been shown to be involved in a number of pro-tumorigenic mechanisms and has also been shown to be immune-suppressive. Therefore, pharmacological blockade of Gal-1 has the potential to be therapeutically beneficial in cancers that overexpress this lectin where it is hypothesized to be driving cancer progression.
Methods: GB1908 is a novel, selective and high affinity inhibitor of the Gal-1 carbohydrate recognition domain and in this study we have pharmacologically characterized this small molecule in a range of in vitro and in vivo systems in the context of cancer therapy. In addition, we used a data-driven approach to identify the cancer types which may benefit from Gal-1 inhibitor therapy.
Results: The selectivity of GB1908 for Gal-1 compared with galectin-3 (Gal-3) was confirmed in biophysical and cellular assays. GB1908 attenuated Gal-1-induced T cell (Jurkat) apoptosis and reduced the production of immunosuppressive cytokines in a stromal non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor microenvironment model. Breast carcinoma and metastatic skin cutaneous melanoma were identified as cancers in which high Gal-1 expression correlated with poorer survival outcomes in patients. Treatment with GB1908 slowed tumor growth in syngeneic mouse models of these cancers.
Conclusion: The inhibition of both tumor growth and immune-suppressive cytokines, in cancers in which high Gal-1 is associated with poorer survival outcomes, suggests a potential therapeutic benefit for Gal-1 inhibitors such as GB1908.
The current status of tumor markers as biomarkers in the era of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: alpha-fetoprotein alone is not sufficient
Authors: Hiraoka Atsushi , Kudo Masatoshi , Tada Toshifumi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Kariyama Kazuya , Ohama Hideko , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Toyoda Hidenori , Matono Tomomitsu , Yata Yutaka , Ogawa Chikara , Naganuma Atsushi , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Nishimura Takashi , Tajiri Kazuto , Kawata Kazuhito , Kosaka Hisashi , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Hirooka Masashi , Nishikawa Hiroki , Tada Fujimasa , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kanayama Yuki , Nouso Kazuhiro , Tanaka Hironori , Tanaka Kazunari , Imai Michitaka , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Aoki Tomoko , Koshiyama Yuichi , Morishita Asahiro , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Fukunishi Shinya , Noritake Hidenao , Nakamura Yoshiko , Yoshida Osamu , Enomoto Hirayuki , Kaibori Masaki , Hiasa Yoichi , Kumada Takashi
Published: February 2025

Background/Aim: Rapid development of systemic treatments has resulted in improved prognosis for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) patients. Since immune therapy shows a favorable therapeutic efficacy, use of tumor markers as biomarkers for monitoring treatment response is necessary. This study aimed to elucidate changes in positive rates of 3 available tumor markers in Japan, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), and lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3) in uHCC patients treated with systemic therapies over time.
Material/Methods: From 2009 to 2023, 1470 uHCC patients with data of tumor markers before starting treatment were enrolled. The positivity cut-off value for AFP was 20 ng/mL, for AFP-L3 was 10%, and for DCP was 40 mAU/mL. After dividing the 15 years examined into three periods of five years each (period I, II, III), clinical features of the enrolled patients were evaluated, retrospectively.
Results: The percentage of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B patients who received systemic therapy increased from period I to III (27.7%, 38.5%, 46.6%, respectively, P<0.001), which was also seen for HCC patients with a non-viral etiology (alcohol and others) (29.9%, 39.7%, 49.6%, respectively P<0.001). Positive rates for AFP (67.8%, 62.1%, 50.8%, respectively) and DCP (84.1%, 80.5%, 72.7%, respectively) were decreased (each P<0.001), while the AFP-L3 rate did not show a significant change (54.4%, 57.7%, 51.9%, respectively P=0.390). Among the AFP-negative patients, the rate of positive for DCP or AFP-L3 was increased (24.4%, 28.1%, 35.4%, respectively, P=0.002).
Conclusion: Based on introduction of systemic treatment in an early stage and increasing numbers of HCC cases with a non-viral etiology, the positive rate of AFP level has been declining. Thus, determination of DCP and AFP-L3 in addition to AFP as markers should be more actively utilized in clinical practice, as well as clinical trials for monitoring and evaluating treatment response in this era of combination immunotherapy as a powerful treatment.
Efficacy and safety of mirogabalin therapy for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (MICHEL Study): A pilot study
Authors: Sawa Aya , Bando Hiroko , Sato Riko , Matsuo Tomohei , Okazaki Mai , Hashimoto Sachie , Iguchi-Manaka Akiko , Hara Hisato
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a frequent adverse event without an established, standard treatment. As mirogabalin is a gabapentinoid confirmed useful for diabetic, peripheral neuropathic pain, we examined the efficacy of mirogabalin for CIPN using quantitative sensory and pain analytical devices.

Methods
This was a single-arm, open-label, prospective study conducted at the University of Tsukuba Hospital between April 2022 to April 2024. Patients with grade 2 or higher CIPN during weekly paclitaxel treatment for primary breast cancer were enrolled and received mirogabalin orally for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for peripheral neuropathy. Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire (PNQ) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group - Neurotoxicity (FACT/GOG-NTX) scores were obtained and PainVision was used as an objective CIPN evaluation.

Results
A total of 20 patients were enrolled. The median VAS score before starting mirogabalin was 13.50 for the hands and 25.00 for the feet. After 4 weeks of treatment, there was significant worsening in the hands (VAS score of 37.00) but no significant difference was observed for the feet. There were no significant differences in PNQ of the limbs between before and 4 weeks after the mirogabalin treatment, although the mean of the NEUROTOXICITY SUBSCALE of FACT/GOG-NTX significantly worsened. Median PainVision scores for feet also significantly worsened from 50.30 to 89.40, but no significant change was observed for hands. PainVision feet score changes negatively correlated with FACT/GOG-NTX total scores. In the patient satisfaction survey, 14 patients (70%) were satisfied with mirogabalin and 15 patients (75%) wanted to continue.

Conclusions
Although mirogabalin was not wholly effective for CIPN caused by paclitaxel treatment in breast cancer patients, the satisfaction survey suggests some patient-perceived benefits which cannot be detected by conventional evaluation methods.
Applicability of Artificial Intelligence Analysis in Oral Cytopathology: A pilot study
Authors: Guedes Igor Cavalcante , Espinosa Ana Laura Ferrares , Lepper Tatiana Wannmacher , Rönnau Maikel Maciel , Daroit Natália Batista , Oliveira Manuel M. , Rados Pantelis Varvaki
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Oral cancer, especially oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a global health challenge due to factors such as late detection and high mortality rates. Early detection is essential through monitoring by healthcare professionals. Cytopathology is a cellular analysis model for evaluating cellular damage preceding the clinical appearance of OSCC, but it requires training and has diagnostic limitations, due to its subjective aspect. Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows potential to enhance the interpretation of cytological images, reducing working time and subjectivity. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of human analyses versus AI system assessment of oral cell smears stained by the Papanicolaou technique. Methodology: The study comprised 57 patients in Porto Alegre - RS divided into four groups: Control Group (CG), Exposed Group (EG), Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders Group (OPMDG), and OSCC Group (OSCCG). Cytopathological smears were collected from the border of the tongue of CG and EG and from the lesional area in OSCCG and OPMDG. The Papanicolaou technique was performed according to standard protocol, with morphological analysis. Images were analyzed by two human examiners as well as by an AI system (Papanicolaou Slide Image Examiner - PSIE). Results: Concordance between human and PSIE was good. The proportion of cytological findings between human and PSIE was similar and the analysis time of PSIE was 16.6 times shorter than that of human researchers. Conclusion: The use of AI for OSCC screening is promising and demonstrated to be a suitable tool for routine use mainly with the advance of IA-human concordance analysis and serving as a tool to accelerate the analytical process.
Analysis Method of Real-World Digital Biomarkers for Clinical Impact in Cancer Patients
Authors: Oakley-Girvan Ingrid , Zhai Yaya , Yunis Reem , Liu Raymond , Davis Sharon W. , Kubo Ai , Aghaee Sara , Blankenship Jennifer M. , Lyden Kate , Neeman Elad
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Wearable technologies can enhance measurements completed from home by participants in decentralized clinical trials. These measurements have shown promise in monitoring patient wellness outside the clinical setting. However, there are challenges in handling data and its interpretation when using consumer wearables, requiring input from statisticians and data scientists. This paper describes three methods to estimate daily steps to address gaps in data from the Apple Watch in cancer patients and uses one of these methods in an analysis of the association between daily step count estimates and clinical events for these patients.
Methods: A cohort of 50 cancer patients used the DigiBioMarC app integrated with an Apple Watch for 28 days. We identified different gap types in watch data based on their length and context to estimate daily steps. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the association between step count and time to death or time to first clinical event. Decision tree modeling and participant clustering were also employed to identify digital biomarkers of physical activity that were predictive of clinical event occurrence and hazard ratio to clinical events, respectively.
Results: Among the three methods explored to address missing steps, the method that identified different step data gap types according to their duration and context provided the most reasonable estimate of daily steps. Ten hours of waking time was used to differentiate between sufficient and insufficient measurement days. Daily step count on sufficient days was the most promising predictor of time to first clinical event (p = 0.068). This finding was consistent in participant cluster and decision tree analyses where the participant cluster that emerged naturally from the different levels of daily steps was the group with the highest steps on sufficient days and lowest hazard probability of mortality and clinical events. Additionally, daily steps on sufficient days can also be used as a predictor of whether a participant will have clinical events with an accuracy of 83.3%.
Conclusion: We have developed an effective way to estimate daily steps from consumer wearable data containing unknown data gaps. Daily step counts on days with sufficient sampling is a strong predictor of the timing and occurrence of clinical events, with individuals exhibiting higher daily step counts having reduced hazard of death or clinical events.
Emergency Department Workflow Times of Intravenous Thrombolysis with Tenecteplase versus Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A prospective cohort study before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Guzman Matias , Lavados Pablo M. , Cavada Gabriel , Brunser Alejandro M. , Olavarria Veronica V.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Tenecteplase (TNK) has demonstrated to be non-inferior to Alteplase (ALT) for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). There are potential workflow benefits associated with TNK use, aiming to reduce patient length of stay in the emergency department. Our aim was to investigate whether the routine use of TNK during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced workflow times compared to historical use of ALT, while maintaining non-inferior clinical outcomes in a non-drip and ship scenario of a comprehensive stroke center.
Methods: We included patients with AIS admitted from September 2019 to September 2022 and compared those treated with TNK during the COVID-19 pandemic to those treated with ALT in the period immediately before. We compared emergency department length of stay (EDLOS), door-to-needle time (DTN), door-to-groin puncture time (DTG), clinical and safety outcomes with adjusted general linear regression models.
Results: 110 patients treated with TNK and 111 with ALT were included in this study. Mean EDLOS was 251 (SD=164) minutes for TNK users versus 240 (SD=148) minutes for ALT (p=0.62). Mean DTN was 43 (SD=25) minutes for TNK versus 46 (SD=27) minutes for ALT users (p=0.39). Mean DTN under 60 minutes was achieved in 86 (78.2%) patients and in 85 (76.5%) patients of the TNK and ALT groups respectively (p=1.0). DTN under 45 minutes was achieved in 65.4% and 58.6% (p=0.65) of the TNK and ALT groups respectively. DTG time was 114 (SD=43) minutes for TNK versus 111 (58=SD) minutes in the ALT group (p=0.88). DTG under 90 minutes was achieved in 32% of the TNK group and 35% of the ALT group (p=0.69). There were no differences in any of the clinical or safety outcomes between groups at 90 days.
Conclusions: The adoption of TNK during COVID 19 pandemic did not result in a change in EDLOS, DTN or DTG times when compared to ALT in this cohort. Safety and clinical outcomes were similar between groups. Probably a greater benefit could have been seen in a drip and ship thrombolysis setting. Further research is needed to assess the potential advantages of TNK in drip and ship scenarios of IVT.
Acute Tubular Necrosis Attributed to High-Dose Everolimus with High-Potency Bisphosphonates for Advanced Breast Cancer – A Case Report
Authors: Loewenstein Itamar , Urtreger Nimrod Orr , Schwartz Doron , Zubkov Asia , Ingbir Merav
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Everolimus (EVR)-induced kidney injury is rarely reported. Conversely, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a recognized complication of high-dose bisphosphonate therapy.
Case presentation: SM, a 69-year-old female patient with advanced breast cancer, who developed severe kidney injury necessitating renal replacement therapy (RRT) shortly after initiating EVR treatment, while concurrently receiving chronic high-potency bisphosphonate therapy. Kidney biopsy confirmed ATN. Upon discontinuation of both EVR and bisphosphonates, her renal function gradually improved over several months, leading to the cessation of RRT. At a two-year follow-up, her kidney function has returned to baseline.
Conclusion: In this case report, we outline the patient's clinical course and provide a pathophysiological rationale for the synergistic effect of EVR and bisphosphonates in promoting ATN. With the increasing use of EVR in various oncologic indications, we emphasize the reversible nature of this kidney injury and stress the importance of timely recognition and intervention.
Expectativas inflacionárias no regime de metas de inflação: uma análise preliminar do caso brasileiro
Authors: João Sicsú
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to show some interesting relationships between credibility-reputation economic theory and inflationary expectations - since Brazil adopted inflation target regime, in June of 1999. The main findings are, at first, that Central Bank of Brazil (CBB) has high capacity to influence inflationary expectations if it was successful in reaching its inflation target in recent years, secondly, inflationary expectations are heterogeneous when CBB has high reputation but its inflation targets are loosing credibility.
Venolaryngeal Obstruction Syndrome (VLOS): Characterizing Airway Obstruction in Massive Thyroid Goiters
Authors: Compton Evan C. , Johnson Christopher M. , Postma Gregory N. , Terris David J.
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Characterize the presentation of chronic airway obstruction for patients presenting with massive thyroid goiters.

Methods:

Demographic data acquisition was undertaken on 5 patients who presented with a compressive goiter and had pre-operative severe airway obstruction secondary to supraglottic and laryngeal edema. Each patient had a resolution of severe airway obstruction post-thyroidectomy.

Results:

In all, 5 patients were diagnosed with severe airway obstruction due to chronic obstruction by a thyroid goiter. Several airway management interventions were pursued during definitive surgery (conventional or videolaryngoscopic intubation and a hybrid endoscopic approach incorporating the Seldinger technique). Successful thyroidectomy led to rapid resolution of laryngeal edema.

Conclusion:

Venolaryngeal obstruction syndrome is proposed as a term to describe the laryngeal findings in compressive goiters. The pathophysiological sequence resulting in chronic airway obstruction may have similar mechanisms to expanding neck hematomas after thyroid surgery.
Perceptions of effectiveness and ethical use of AI tools in academic writing: A study Among PhD scholars in India
Authors: Subaveerapandiyan A , Kalbande Dattatraya , Ahmad Naved
Published: February 2025

This study explores the perceptions, effectiveness, and ethical implications of AI tools in academic writing among PhD scholars in India. It evaluates the comparative effectiveness of AI tools versus traditional methods for paraphrasing, plagiarism detection, and citation improvement. The research also investigates user confidence in AI tools’ adaptability to various academic disciplines and their potential to support critical thinking and academic integrity. A structured quantitative approach was employed, utilizing validated surveys with 184 respondents from the University of Mumbai. Findings indicate that while AI tools enhance clarity, flow, and efficiency, they raise concerns about over-reliance, originality, and ethical transparency. Advanced-year scholars valued citation improvements but were critical of originality-related functions. The study emphasizes responsible AI use, advocating for its role as a complementary, supportive tool to foster creativity and intellectual rigor. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on integrating AI responsibly into academic practices.
Baicalein protects against heart failure by improving mitochondrial dysfunction and regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress to reduce apoptosis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Zhang Xuan , Yang Yan , Wang HongYang , Yang Xiangjun , Xuan Liying , Yang Danli , Zhang Guoyou , Wang Yu
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Baicalein, a flavonoid derived from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, demonstrates multifarious pharmacological effects due to its high antioxidant activity. However, the latent mechanisms remain insufficiently resolved. In the present research, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of baicalein on isoprenaline (ISO)-induced heart failure and investigated the possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

Toxicity was analyzed in zebrafish embryos and mouse atrial myocytes HL-1. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the effectiveness of baicalein. DCFH-DA was used as a fluorescence probe to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were measured using SOD, MDA and GSH-Px commercial kits. Adult BALB/c mice were randomized into six groups of ten animals each. Cardiac function was analyzed by echocardiographic images. Structural changes were analyzed by hematoxylin & eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining and TUNEL staining. The mechanism of baicalein was investigated by analyzing relative signaling pathways through western blotting.

Results:

Our studies show that baicalein both significantly reduces ISO-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis in vitro and vivo, this phenomenon was related to mitochondrial fusion/fission balance and inhibiting GRP78/CHOP pathway.

Conclusions:

Our results suggested that baicalein controls mitochondrial fusion/fission balance and inhibits GRP78/CHOP pathway, thus exerting therapeutic effects in ISO-induced heart failure in HL-1 cells and BALB/c mice. These results suggested that baicalein may be a potential therapeutic agent for heart failure.
Understanding Viewer Fascination with Reaction Videos: A Discourse Analysis of YouTube Comments
Authors: Ghosh Anirban , Tripathi Sarvesh Dutt
Published: February 2025

Reaction videos have gained significant popularity among the vast array of content available on YouTube, especially during the pandemic. Despite them being an essential part of the YouTube creator economy, scholarly exploration of why reaction videos are popular remains limited. Therefore, this research delves into viewer motivations for watching reaction videos by analysing user comments from four prominent reaction channels: Jaby Koay, The Normies, Blind Wave and RTTV, and understanding them from a uses and gratifications approach. Findings suggest that reaction videos fulfil diverse needs, serving as a means of identity affirmation, promoting fan engagement and fostering community interactions. They provide authentic emotional experiences while offering a virtual space for fans and casual viewers to connect over shared interests, which was much needed, especially during the pandemic when people were socially isolated and under lockdown.
Ovarian neuroglial choristoma in a dog
Authors: Lee Na-Young , Oh Jeong-Seop , Kim Dae-Yong , Im Tae-Kyun , Kim Dae Young
Published: February 2025

Neuroglial choristomas are rare in humans and animals. During a routine medical examination, an ovarian mass was found in a 5-y-old female mixed-breed dog. Histologically, the ovarian mass was well-defined, expansile, and composed of large polygonal cells resembling well-differentiated neurons and scattered smaller cells resembling glial cells. Immunohistochemically, the neuron-like cells were positive for neuronal nuclei; the smaller cells were positive for glial fibrillar acidic protein, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, and ionized calcium–binding adaptor protein-1. Ovarian neuroglial choristoma was diagnosed.
Liposomal Bupivacaine for Additional Analgesia at Iliac Crest Donor Site in Alveolar Bone Graft Surgery: A Retrospective Pilot Study
Authors: Sampson Daniel E. , Tibesar Robert , Tibesar Maria , Finch Mike , Rabusch Stacey , Raschka Michael
Published: February 2025

To study postoperative pain control differences between liposomal bupivacaine (LB) and immediate-release bupivacaine (IRB) as measured by the use of narcotics after iliac crest graft harvesting for alveolar bone grafting (ABG).

A retrospective review was completed at a single-site pediatric stand-alone hospital of patients undergoing ABG with iliac crest bone grafting (ICBG) between May 1, 2020, through May 31, 2023.

Patients, Participants

Patients who underwent ABG with ICBG were split into three cohorts: LB monotherapy, IRB monotherapy, or LB with IRB.

Interventions

All ABG and ICBG procedures were completed by a single surgeon who is a member of our dedicated cleft lip and palate team.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome was the difference in oral morphine equivalent (OME) requirements from the immediate postoperative time period to the time of discharge.

Patients treated with LB monotherapy required significantly less OME during their inpatient stay, with an average of 0.21 mg/kg ± 0.15 mg/kg in the LB group, 0.67 mg/kg ± 0.37 mg/kg in the IRB group, and 0.28 mg/kg ± 0.07 mg/kg in the LB with IRB group ( P = .001). There was no significant difference in the total number of analgesic medication doses administered throughout the hospitalization among the three groups.

Utilization of LB intraoperatively may decrease the need for postoperative opioid treatment for postoperative pain control when harvesting ICB for ABG in the cleft lip and palate population compared to alternative local anesthetics.
Severe acetabular bone loss management: is there still a role for titanium cages and cemented cups?
Authors: Perticarini Loris , Andriollo Luca , Rossi Stefano M P , Sangaletti Rudy , Benazzo Francesco
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Bone loss represents a formidable challenge in hip revision surgery. Recent advances in revision implants and the use of new materials have diminished the need for cup-cages in addressing severe acetabular bone loss, which, however, may still be indicated in certain situations. The objectives of this study are to assess survival, functional outcomes, and reasons for the failure of managing severe acetabular bone loss with titanium cages and cemented cup.

Methods:

57 patients treated with an acetabular cage and cemented cup for acetabular revision between January 2014 and July 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Inclusion criteria comprised cup loosening with bone loss greater than IIB according to Paprosky classification, and a follow-up of at least 60 months.

Results:

The average age at the time of surgery was 74.8 years (SD 10.7). The acetabular bone defect according to the Paprosky classification was: type II C in 10 patients (21.7%), type III A in 21 patients (45.7%) and type III B in 15 patients (32.6%). Pelvic discontinuity was present in 35 cases (76.1%). The average follow-up during the final assessment was 78.3 months (SD 14.9). The reoperation rate was 13% (6 patients) and the complications rate was 17.4%. The survivorship of the implant was 87% at final follow-up. At the final follow-up average HHS was 89.4 ± 13.4, average WOMAC 15.7 ± 17.2, average HOOS 81.3 ± 19 and average FJS-12 83.7 ± 17.2. At the final follow-up, 32 patients (80%) showed excellent or good outcomes (HHS >80).

Conclusions:

In the presence of severe bone defects, acetabular reconstruction using titanium acetabular cages and cemented UHMWPE cups remains a valid treatment option. Specifically, this acetabular reconstruction system should be favoured for elderly or low-demand patients, with the possibility of using it safely even in patients with pelvic discontinuity.
Unveiling the colonial violence of space in the Gaza genocide
Authors: Ajour Ashjan
Published: February 2025

This article addresses the ongoing genocidal war and extended blockade of Gaza that has been in effect since 2007, framing it as a manifestation of colonial violence against space and a collective punishment. I reflect on my positionality as a Palestinian UK-based scholar whose work focuses on captivity and resistance in Israeli prisons and the impact of colonization on my life and my family who are living under this genocidal war. Drawing from personal experience, I recount the forced displacement of my family from space, the destruction of our family home and the subsequent struggles of sheltering in the harsh conditions of tents amid the cold, lacking the essential necessities of dignified life, such as food and warmth. The narrative extends the broader dehumanization and dehistoricization of the Palestinian people enacted by the international colonial discourse embraced by Western liberal media, which works to justify the current genocide and mass killing of Palestinian civilians. This highlights the media’s blindness to the historical context, exposing the current war of Gaza as a continuation of the Zionist colonizer’s relentless effort since Nakba 1948 to eliminate Palestinian existence and erase them from the space. By shedding light on these critical issues, the article seeks to challenge prevailing narratives and reflect a more nuanced understanding of the Palestinian struggle for existence within the space they call homeland.