bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PCR-test for identification and species differentiation of Waddlia chondrophila
Authors: Zezekalo V. K. , Pedera S. B. , Buslik T. V. , Pochernyaev K. F.
Published: May 2019

In recent times, the number of species of chlamydia associated with a number of inflammatory diseases in animals has expanded considerably. Moreover, in addition to chlamydia, attention was attracted by Сhlamydia-like organisms, which are not only dangerous for animals, but also carry a zoonotic threat. Currently, the most studied Chlamydia-like organisms are Waddlia chondrophila and Parachlamydia acanthamoebae. They are associated with diseases of the reproductive and respiratory systems in cattle and humans. Considering the danger to animals and the zoonotic threat of chlamydia-like organisms along with the absence of tools to discover them in Ukraine, the aim of our work was to develop a PCR test for the identification and species differentiation of Waddlia chondrophila. Conservative 16S rRNA genes were chosen as target genes for developing a PCR test system for identifying Waddlia chondrophila. Primers were selected specifically to be able to create multiplex combinations with the previously developed PCR test for Parachlamydia acanthamoebae. Both primers were designed with the same physical characteristics to provide simultaneous amplification under the same conditions in single or multiplex PCR. For the specificity evaluation of the primers, a panel of following DNA samples was used: Waddlia chondrophila, Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, Chlamydia avium, Chlamydia pecorum, Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia suis, Chlamydia caviae, Clavochlamydia salmonicola, Piscichlamydia salmonis. PCR product of 88 base pairs (b.p.) was formed during amplification only when the Waddlia chondrophila control DNA was present in the sample, as was expected. The small size of the PCR product theoretically allows the use of this pair of oligonucleotide primers for real-time PCR tests. After testing on clinical samples, developed PCR test system for identifying and species differentiation of Waddlia chondrophila can be used by scientists for extensive monitoring, by veterinary medicine doctors to clarify the diagnosis, and might be introduced into the practice of laboratories of veterinary and humane medicine.
The determination of mineral density indices of the thigh bone by densitometry data in rats, for experimental fumonizinotoxycosis
Authors: Rudyk H. V.
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the analytical methods that have allowed to provide detailed information on the material content of bones and structural organizations of both inorganic and organic bone components. The information provided in the present search may increase the knowledge of the influence of fumonisins on the structure and bone in general. On the basis of osteometric measurements, the geometry of the transverse section of the middle diaphysis is determined. They included a definition both the external and internal diameters of the transverse section of the middle of the diaphysis (both in the medial-lateral, and in the anterior-posterior area). The geometric properties are calculated: cortical cross-sectional area, average relative thickness of walls and cortical index. In addition, since during the force analysis, the bone was loaded in the anterior-posterior area, the vertical cortical index, the moment of inertia of the cross-section and the radius of rotation around the medial-lateral axis were calculated. According to the results of comprehensive studies, we found that the intoxication of animals with fumonisin did not affect the body weight and the weight of the femoral bones, although in the fumonisin-induced doses of rats there was a decrease in the mechanical and geometric properties of the bones. The values of mineral density of bone tissue did not differ between groups, but in the experimental group of animals that were fumonisin intoxicated, the mineral content of bone and the percentage of bone ash were lower than in the control group. A detailed mineral analysis of bones showed that the content of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr and Zn in bones was significantly decreased in fumonisin intoxicated rats compared to the control group of animals. In addition, changes in the structure of the bone and mineral phase (reduction in the size of bone hydroxyapatite crystals) were noted. Seventy percent of the bones consist of inorganic mineral hydroxyapatite, which includes calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium fluoride, calcium hydroxide and citrate. This inorganic component is preferably crystalline, although it may be in amorphous forms. Replacement mechanisms occurring in bone hydroxyapatite include intercrystalline exchange and recrystallization due to the dissolution and reforming of crystals with the addition of new ions to the crystalline structure, which replace the Ca 2+ or adsorbed on the surface of the crystals. The mechanisms of replacement that was marked by changes in the group of animals from intoxicated with fumonisin, changes were noted in the structure of the bone and mineral phase, there was a decrease in the size of bone hydroxyapatite crystals.
Progesterone Receptor Gene Polymorphism Promoter Region +331G/A Increases Risk of Endometriosis
Authors: Alkaf Syifa , Chakra Aerul , Said Usman , Saleh Irsan
Published: May 2019

Objective: To identify relationship between progesterone receptor

gene polymorphism promoter region +331G/A with the risk of

endometriosis.

Method: An observational case-control study. Population are women

with endometriosis and/or adenomyosis who have been performed

laparotomy/laparoscopy at Obstetrics and Gynecology

Department Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang,

January-November 2013. Subjects fulfilled inclusion criteria, given

informed consent and performed blood sampling continued by PCRRFLP.

Results were divided into A/A genotype (homozygote mutant),

G/A (heterozygote mutant), and G/G (homozygote wild type).

Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 version.

Result: PCR-RFLP results for+331G/A genotype were 26 (54.1%) in

case group and 14 (26.4%) in control. +331A/A genotype was not

found in both groups. There was significant increase risk of endometriosis

in women carrying genotype +331G/A to those with genotype

+331G/G with OR 3.29 (p
Elevated Serum Ferritin and Interleukin-6 Level as the Risk Factor in Preterm Labor
Authors: Kawilarang Stella , Suwiyoga I Ketut , Suwardewa Tjokorda GA
Published: May 2019

Objective : To investigate the association ofserum ferritin and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) elevation as the risk factors for preterm labor.

Method : This study was a case-control study conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient and Emergency Department at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar, Bali in November 2014 until June 2015. The sample selection was done by consecutive sampling with total sample as many as 20 case samples (women with preterm labor) and 20 control samples (women with normal preterm pregnancy).

Results : Based on the analysis, there was no significant difference of patient demografic such as age, gestational age, and parity among the two groups. Chi-square analysis showed that the increased serum ferritin level had 5 fold increased risk of developing preterm labor (OR = 4.89, 95% CI = 1.20-19.94; p = 0.022), and increased serum IL-6 level had 9 fold increased risk of developing preterm labor (OR = 9.33, 95% CI = 2.18-39.96; p = 0.001) compared to normal preterm pregnancy.

Conclusion : It can be concluded that level of IL-6 and serum ferritin was the risk factor for preterm labor.

Keywords: Interleukin-6, preterm labor, serum ferritin

 

Abstrak

Tujuan :Untuk membuktikan hubungan kadar ferritin dan Interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum yang tinggi sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya persalinan preterm.

Metode :Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan studi case-control yang dilakukan di Poliklinik dan IRD Kebidanan dan Penyakit Kandungan RSUP Sanglah Denpasar, yang dilakukan mulai bulan November 2014 hingga Juni 2015. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan cara berurutan dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 20 sampel kasus (ibu dengan persalinan preterm) dan 20 sampel kontrol (ibu hamil preterm normal).

Hasil :Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna dari demografik pasien yaitu usia, umur kehamilan, dan paritas pada kedua kelompok. Analisa chi-square menunjukkan peningkatan kadar ferritin serum memiliki peningkatan risiko 5 kali terjadinya persalinan preterm (OR = 4,90, IK 95% = 1,20-19,94; p = 0,022), dan peningkatan kadar IL-6 serum memiliki peningkatan risiko 9 kali terjadinya persalinan preterm (OR = 9,33, IK 95% = 2,18-39,96; p = 0,001) dibandingkan dengan kelompok ibu hamil preterm normal.

Kesimpulan : Kadar feritin dan IL-6 serum adalah faktor risiko terjadinya persalinan preterm.

Kata kunci: Interleukin-6, persalinan preterm, ferritin serum
The Role of Genital Hiatus (Gh), Perineal Body (Pb), Summation (Gh+Pb) of POP-Q Examination in Maximum Levator Hiatal Area of Women with Symptomatic Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Kustarto Kukuh W , Moegni Fernandi
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective: to provide data on the correlation of levator hiatus area measurements in symptomatic POP using 3D / 4D Ultrasound with clinical examination of Gh, Pb and summation (Gh+Pb).

Methods: Secondary data analysis of 160 POP patients examined from January 2012 to April 2017 at the Urogynecology Clinic RSCM, Jakarta. Taken data on patient characteristics, maximum 3D / 4D Ultrasound measurement of Levator Hiatus Area, and clinical measurement results using pelvic organ prolapse quantification system (POP-Q)

Results: There was a positive correlation between clinical examination and measurement of hiatal area area using ultrasound with r = 0.43 for Gh length, and the medium correlation on the sum of Gh and Pb with r = 0,51. No correlation for Pb length with r = 0.23. The optimal cut to differentiate degrees 2 by 3 is 7.5 cm / 29.7 cm2 and degree 3 by 4 is 8.3 cm / 32.1 cm2.

Conclusion: Clinical examination by summing the lengths of Gh and Pb may be consider reflects the examination of the hiatal area by using transperineal ultrasound to see the strain on levator ani called “ballooning” in an area with limited resources.

Keywords:  genital hiatus, levator hiatus area, pelvic organ prolapse, perineal body.

 

Abstrak

Tujuan: untuk memberikan data mengenai korelasi pengukuran area hiatus levator pada POP simtomatik mengunakan Ultrasonografi 3D/4D dengan pemeriksaan klinis yaitu panjang Gh, panjang Pb dan penjumlahannya.

Metode : Analisa data sekunder sebanyak 160 pasien POP yang diperiksa dari Januari 2012 hingga April 2017 di poliklinik Urogynecology RSCM, Jakarta. Diambil data karakteristik pasien, pengukuran Ultrasonografi 3D/4D maksimal Area Hiatal Levator, dan hasil pengukuran secara klinis dengan menggunakan pelvic organ prolapse quantification system (POP-Q)

Hasil : Terdapat korelasi positif antara pemeriksaan klinis dengan pengukuran luas area hiatal menggunakan USG dengan r = 0,43 untuk panjang Gh, dan korelasi pada penjumlahan Gh dan Pb dengan r=0,51 termasuk kategori sedang, sedangkan untuk panjang Pb dengan r = 0,23 tidak didapatkan adanya korelasi. Didapatkan titik potong optimal untuk membedakan derajat 2 dengan derajat 3 adalah 7,5 cm / 29,7 cm2 dan derajat 3 dan derajat 4 adalah 8,3 cm / 32,1 cm2

Kesimpulan : Pemeriksaan klinis dengan menjumlahkan panjang Gh dan panjang Pb dapat dipertimbangkan untuk mencerminkan pemeriksaan area hiatal dengan mengunakan USG 3 / 4 dimensi transperineal pada daerah dengan sarana terbatas untuk melihat regangan pada levator ani atau yang disebut sebagai “ballooning

Kata kunci : badan perineum, genital hiatus, hiatal levator ani, prolaps organ panggul.
Malignancy Risk Factors of Hydatidiform Mole
Authors: D Saputra Akbar N , Shaleh Agustria Z , Agustiansyah Patiyus , Theodorus Theodorus
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective: to determine risk factors inhydatidiform mole patients who will develop into Gestational Trophoblast Neoplasm (GTN) in Dr.Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang

Method: An observational analytical study with case control design was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang / Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University Palembang from January 2017 to August 2017. The frequency and distribution of data are described in tables. Bivariate analysis was done to determine correlation between independent variable and dependent variable using Chi Square/Fisher Exact test and multivariate analysis  was used to know which independent variable has the biggest influence to the occurrence of Gestational TrophoblastNeoplasm (GTN) post evacuation of hydatidiform mole. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0.

Results: There were 45 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria with control group and case group ratio 1 : 2 (15 cases and 30 controls). Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between patient age, pre-evacuation β HCG level, parity, and histopathologic appearance with occurrence of Gestational Trophoblast Neoplasm (GTN) after evacuation of hydatidiform mole (p <0,05). From multivariate analysis, it was found that pre-evacuation β HCG levels ≥ 134,182.5 mIU/ml was a risk factor of Gestational Trophoblast Neoplasm (OR = 77.008, p value = 0.004).

Conclusion: Pre-evacuation β HCG levels ≥ 134,182.5 mIU / ml is a risk factor for the occurrence of Gestational Trophoblast Neoplasm (GTN).

Keywords: Hydatidiform mole, GTN, age, pre-evacuation β HCG level, parity, uterine size, blood type, hysthopathology feature
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL DAN EARNING PER SHARE TERHADAP DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG LISTING DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Siti Rahmawati Wa Ode
Published: May 2019

This research is performed to examine the influence of Insider Ownership  and Earning Per Share toward Dividend Payout Ratio in Manufacture Company that is listing in Indonesian Stock Exchange over period 2007 – 2010. The population of this research as much 9 company. Technique as used in interpretation of sample is census method (saturation sample). The analysis of technique as used is multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing by use of F (simultaneous) test and t (partial) test. The conclusion in this research indicate that simultanously of Insider Ownership and Earning Per Share is significant influential toward Dividend Payout Ratio. Partially of Insider Ownership variable is significant and positive influential toward Dividend Payout Ratio. And the partially of Earning Per Share variable is significant and negative influential toward Dividend Payout Ratio.
ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH PEMBUATAN ABON IKAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN PURIRANO KEC. KENDARI KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Alimusa La Ode , Murini Murini
Published: May 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi nilai tambah usaha pembuatan abon ikan dalam meningkatkan pendapatan dan untuk menciptakan kemandirian masyarakat pinggiran di Kota Kendari, selain itu tujuan khusus adalah terpublikasinya hasil penelitian dosen pada jurnal lokal atau nasional terakreditasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis kuantitatif  dimana analisa pendapatan Pd = TR – TC dan perhitungan BEP. Penelitian ini dilakukan beberapa tahap sesuai rencana penelitian yang dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembuatan abon ikan memiliki nilai tambah terhadap ekonomi rumah tangga di Kelurahan Purirano Kecamatan Kendari. Nilai tambah yang dipeloh pada usaha pembuatan abon ikan sebesar Rp 475/Kg yang berarti bahwa setiap penggunaan 1 Kilo gram  bahan baku menhasilakn 475 Rupiah. Usaha Pembuatan Abon Ikan yang dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Purirano Kecamatan Kendari Kota Kendarai memberikan keuntungan sebesar 439.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ECONOMIC POLICY OF FOOD IN INDONESIA
Authors: Asriani Asriani , Hedhiansyah Dhian
Published: May 2019

Food security is one indicator of economic growth of a country and may reflect the prosperity as well as a benchmark of the the welfare level, particularly in terms of people’s production and consumption. Food security policies need to be supported through increased production of commodities. Corn is one crop with a strategic role due to its position as the main source of carbohydrates and protein. To increase the production of corn, there should be the policy inputs or factors of production done by increasing the planting area and the productivity of corn crops in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the factors of production that can increase the production of corn farming. The data used are time series data with Nerlove model as the data analysis way. The results indicate that the harvest area factor and productivity factor may influence the increasing of farm production of corn; it thus can serve as the basis of economic policy-making related to the food sector in Indonesia.
PENGARUH LIMA DIMENSI KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN NASABAH PADA PT. BANK MANDIRI (PERSERO) TBK. CABANG JAKARTA GAJAH MADA
Authors: Rizqi Muhammad Nur , Karyanto Budi
Published: May 2019

Dunia perbankan Indonesia saat ini diwarnai dengan persaingan yang semakin ketat. Persamaan produk, fitur, atau kemudahan pelayanan menjadikan perbankan menjadi industri yang homogen. Untuk memenangkan persaingan dalam industri yang homogen, salah satu cara adalah menyediakan pelayanan yang berkualitas dan produk yang variatif yang bisa membedakan suatu bank dengan bank yang lain. Bisnis perbankan merupakan bisnis jasa yang berdasar pada azas kepercayaan sehingga masalah kualitas layanan menjadi faktor yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan bisnis ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui pengaruh lima dimensi kualitas pelayanan terhadap tingkat kepuasan nasabah pada Bank Mandiri Cabang Jakarta Gajah Mada, (2) Mengetahui variabel kualitas pelayanan yang dominan mempengaruhi tingkat kepuasan nasabah pada Bank Mandiri Cabang Jakarta Gajah Mada. Hasil pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS dapat disimpulkan : (1) Berdasarkan Analisis Regresi Secara Simultan (Uji F), nilai sig = 0.002 < 0.05 yang berarti Tangible, Reability, Responsiveness, Assurance dan Emphaty secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan nasabah pada PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. Cabang Jakarta Gajah Mada. (2) Berdasarkan Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda Y = 19,813 + 0,071X1 + 0,009X2 + 0,194X3 + 0,153X4+ 0,005X5 Nilai 19,813 merupakan konstanta untuk nilai a yang berarti nilai Y apabila X = 0. Tanda positif pada variabel kualitas pelayanan (tangible, reability, responsiveness, assurance dan emphaty) menunjukkan arah searah artinya jika tangible, reability, responsiveness, assurance dan emphaty meningkat maka kepuasan nasabah PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. Cabang Jakarta Gajah Mada. (3) Berdasarkan Analisis Korelasi Sederhana nilai Sig.(2-tailed) = 0,000 < 0,05 maka didapatkan hasil bahwa variabel tangible, reability, responsiveness, assurance dan emphaty berpengaruh terhadap variabel kepuasan nasabah PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. Cabang Jakarta Gajah Mada. (4) Berdasarkan Koefisien Determinasi dapat diketahui bahwa (R Square) yang diperoleh sebesar 0,610. Hal ini berarti 61,0% kepuasan nasabah dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel kualitas pelayanan, sedangkan sisanya yaitu 39% dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel lainnya yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Key Word : tangible, reability, responsiveness, assurance dan emphaty, kepuasan nasabah.
Warehouse Modeling in Strategic Planning Model
Authors: Katias Puspandam , Karya Denis Fidita
Published: May 2019

As a critical point in the supply chain, warehouse facility must be managed in good way, started from planning and design becomes important, this research using modeling tool to make and ensure the warehouse to be more effective and efficient. This paper to analyze the concepts of modeling for managing warehouse facility, from strategic level to operational level, for future re- search to provide a conceptual references also contribute to project management. The Problem in this analysis formulated as: 1). how modeling in designing and planning warehouse in action, and 2) how modeling in designing and planning warehouse as classified. The findings of this research with a modeling project: a model of classification for managing efficient warehouse, especially in strate- gic planning model.
Therapeutic horticulture: a mechanism for participate to learn in inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Boyle Claire , Pryor Julie
Published: May 2019

This paper reports on the outputs and outcomes of a productive garden used to facilitate participate to learn activities in an inpatient rehabilitation centre. We explore the thinking behind the novel use of a horticultural therapist and make suggestions for further areas of research into using participate to learn as an approach to inpatient rehabilitation.
Transmuted Alpha Power Inverse Rayleigh Distribution: Properties and Application
Authors: Malik A. S. , Ahmad S. P.
Published: May 2019

This paper proposes a new three parameter-distribution through the technique known as Transmutation. The proposed distribution is named Transmuted Alpha power inverse Rayleigh Distribution. Several important properties of the distribution are derived. The parameter estimation is also carried out. Two real life data set are used at the end to describe the potential application of proposed model.
The Role Of Rose (Rapid Onsite Evaluation) On Spinal Lesion Surgery Decision
Authors: Sindrawati  , Agung Komang , Binti Carlos , Dewi Anggita Dewi
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Exposure and instrumentation of the spine must be meticulous and thorough regardless the techniques and approach selected. Management of the whole surgery process should be decided based on the best available evidence whenever possible. ROSE (Rapid Onsite Evaluation) cytology wrap up the surgical decision. Case Description: Fifteen cases comprise of lytic lesions and/or single pathological fractures of the corpus vertebrae will be presented and discuss as to how the surgical techniques and approaches are assisted by ROSE. ROSE cytology was performed in the operating theater during the surgery. Samples were taken after exposure of the minimal lesion using (18–21) G trocar needle or under fluoroscopy guided. Direct smear, air dried fixation, and Diff Quik staining would take about 10 minutes. Pathologist evaluated the specimen and provided the result in about 20 minutes. The overall 30 minutes allowed surgeon to prepare the further steps. Results would be malignant or benign without pursuing further detail diagnostic. Benign results should be categorized as infection, suspicious of granulomatic tuberculosis, or normal host population cells. The cases outcome were 8 normal host population cells advanced for vertebroplasty to fill the porotic bone. Three spondylitis tuberculosis were debrided without unnecessary instrumentation, and four malignant processes were assured to have enough samples for immunohistochemistry evaluation afterward. All ROSE cytology was confirmed accordingly by the histopathology result afterward. Conclusion: ROSE is easy and offers accurate sampling from the lesion itself. It is quick, therefore during surgery surgeon could decide the best management for the patient.
INDIVIDUALIZATION OF EXERTION WHILE MONITORING FUNCTIONAL STATE DURING EXERCISING
Authors: Kairiūkštienė Živilė , Poderienė Kristina , Trinkūnas Eugenijus , Velička Deividas , Buliuolis Alfonsas , Poderys Jonas
Published: May 2019

Background. Individualization in workloads is important in order to get optimal benefits from exercising and
long-term adaptation. Heart rate (HR) monitoring during exercise can be valuable for the feedback formation. The
aim of the study was to compare the calculated HR values recommended for individualization of endurance training
workloads while taking into account the HR at real or relative rest.
Methods. The participating 76 healthy adults were asked to measure the pulse rate, i.e. HR self-examination at
absolute and relative rest states. The results obtained during the study were analysed according to the age and gender
by calculating HR Reserve and the recommended intensity of exercising at 50% of HR Reserve ; 70% of HR Reserve ; 85% of
HR Reserve .
Results. Significant difference was found when comparing the averaged values of HR obtained at the real and
relative states and even greater difference was observed between relative and real resting conditions in younger
groups. When calculating the recommended HR values for exercising intensity, recommended HR values significantly
differ depending on whether the real or relative rest states were taken into account. This means that the algorithm
for feedback formation should take into account the initial values of HR corresponding to the state of absolute rest,
i.e. after 8 hours of sleep.
Conclusion. The HR at relative rest state is different to the real rest state HR and therefore the algorithm for
feedback formation should take into account this difference, i.e. the corresponding correction of such HR meanings
should be installed.
Skill-makers in the platform economy: Transacting digital labour
Authors: Soriano Cheryll Ruth , Panaligan Joy Hannah
Published: May 2019

Over the past decade, advancements in digital technologies have set the stage for corporations in the Global North to drive down their labour costs by outsourcing work to the Global South. This includes using digital labor platforms that attract digital workers from across age groups, geographic location, and professional or educational backgrounds. Burdened by employment woes such as infrastructural immobility and low wages, countless Filipino professionals are found to be migrating to online platform labor in exchange for autonomy, spatial flexibility, and the possibility for higher earnings. This chapter focuses on the rise of 'skill-makers', specialist coaches who attract and train platform workers into this labour market and the 'skill-making economy' which is playing a crucial role in the local popularity and viability of platform labour. [Chapter 10 in Digital Transactions in Asia (Athique, A. & Baulch, Em, Eds).] https://www.routledge.com/Digital-Transactions-in-Asia-Economic-Informational-and-Social-Exchanges/Athique-Baulch/p/book/9781138353961
An Adaptive and Secure Holographic Image Watermarking Scheme
Authors: Yu Chuying , Li Xiaowei , Chen Xinan , Li Jianzhong
Published: May 2019

A novel adaptive secure holographic image watermarking method in the sharp frequency localized contourlet transform (SFLCT) domain is presented. Based upon the sine logistic modulation map and the logistic map, we develop an encrypted binary computer-generated hologram technique to fabricate a hologram of a watermark first. Owing to the enormous key space of the encrypted hologram, the security of the image watermarking system is increased. Then the hologram watermark is embedded into the SFLCT coefficients with Schur decomposition. To obtain better imperceptibility and robustness, the entropy and the edge entropy are utilized to select the suitable watermark embedding positions adaptively. Compared with other watermarking schemes, the suggested method provides a better performance with respect to both imperceptibility and robustness. Experiments show that our watermarking scheme for images is not only is secure and invisible, but also has a stronger robustness against different kinds of attack.
Research on a Trustworthiness Measurement Method of Cloud Service Construction Processes Based on Information Entropy
Authors: Tilei Gao , Tong Li , Ming Yang , Rong Jiang
Published: May 2019

The popularity of cloud computing has made cloud services gradually become the leading computing model nowadays. The trustworthiness of cloud services depends mainly on construction processes. The trustworthiness measurement of cloud service construction processes (CSCPs) is crucial for cloud service developers. It can help to find out the causes of failures and to improve the development process, thereby ensuring the quality of cloud service. Herein, firstly, a trustworthiness hierarchy model of CSCP was proposed, and the influential factors of the processes were identified following the international standard ISO/IEC 12207 of the software development process.Further, a method was developed combined with the theory of information entropy and the concept of trustworthiness. It aimed to calculate the risk uncertainty and risk loss expectation affecting trustworthiness. Also, the trustworthiness of cloud service and its main construction processes were calculated. Finally, the feasibility of the measurement method were verified through a case study, and through comparing with AHP and CMM/CMMI methods, the advantages of this method were embodied.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Splitter Blades on the Performance Characteristics of Francis Turbines
Authors: Jia Yun , Wei Xianzhu , Wang Qianyun , Cui Jinsheng , Li Fengchen
Published: May 2019

With the improvement in energy structures, the safe and stable operation of hydropower units is becoming the most important issue for electric grids. To expand the stable operating range of a 200 m head Francis turbine, splitter blades were designed to increase the cavitation ability and lower the high-amplitude pressure fluctuations. Experimental studies were carried out to analyze the effect of the splitter blades on the turbine performance characteristics (efficiency, cavitation, and pressure fluctuation), and the results obtained were compared with those for normal blades. The results reveal that the splitter blades can increase the efficiency by approximately 2%, and they can reduce the pressure fluctuation in the vaneless space, under high-head operating conditions. The flow observation results reveal that the splitter blades can restrain the cavitation at the suction side of the blades, and thereby expand the stable operating range. Analyses of the pressure fluctuation show that the splitter blades can change the blade passing frequency and sharply lower its amplitude. This study may provide a reference for all Francis turbine designs, which makes it significant for the stable and effective operation of hydropower units.
Erratum: Lina Lu et al.; Low-Grade Dysplastic Nodules Revealed as the Tipping Point during Multistep Hepatocarcinogenesis by Dynamic Network Biomarkers. Genes 2017, 8, 268
Authors: Lu Lina , Jiang Zhonglin , Dai Yulin , Chen Luonan
Published: May 2019

The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper [...]
RANK-RANKL Signaling in Cancer of the Uterine Cervix: A Review
Authors: van Dam Peter A. , Verhoeven Yannick , Jacobs Julie , Wouters An , Tjalma Wiebren , Lardon Filip , Van den Wyngaert Tim , Dewulf Jonatan , Smits Evelien , Colpaert Cécile , Prenen Hans , Peeters Marc , Lammens Martin , Trinh Xuan Bich
Published: May 2019

RANK ligand (RANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor alpha superfamily of cytokines. It is the only known ligand binding to a membrane receptor named receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), thereby triggering recruitment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins and activation of downstream pathways. RANK/RANKL signaling is controlled by a decoy receptor called osteoprotegerin (OPG), but also has additional more complex levels of regulation. The existing literature on RANK/RANKL signaling in cervical cancer was reviewed, particularly focusing on the effects on the microenvironment. RANKL and RANK are frequently co-expressed in cervical cancer cells lines and in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. RANKL and OPG expression strongly increases during cervical cancer progression. RANKL is directly secreted by cervical cancer cells, which may be a mechanism they use to create an immune suppressive environment. RANKL induces expression of multiple activating cytokines by dendritic cells. High RANK mRNA levels and high immunohistochemical OPG expression are significantly correlated with high clinical stage, tumor grade, presence of lymph node metastases, and poor overall survival. Inhibition of RANKL signaling has a direct effect on tumor cell proliferation and behavior, but also alters the microenvironment. Abundant circumstantial evidence suggests that RANKL inhibition may (partially) reverse an immunosuppressive status. The use of denosumab, a monoclonal antibody directed to RANKL, as an immunomodulatory strategy is an attractive concept which should be further explored in combination with immune therapy in patients with cervical cancer.
Block Copolyesters Containing 2,5-Furan and trans-1,4-Cyclohexane Subunits with Outstanding Gas Barrier Properties
Authors: Guidotti Giulia , Genovese Laura , Soccio Michelina , Gigli Matteo , Munari Andrea , Siracusa Valentina , Lotti Nadia
Published: May 2019

Biopolymers are gaining increasing importance as substitutes for plastics derived from fossil fuels, especially for packaging applications. In particular, furanoate-based polyesters appear as the most credible alternative due to their intriguing physic/mechanical and gas barrier properties. In this study, block copolyesters containing 2,5-furan and trans-1,4-cyclohexane moieties were synthesized by reactive blending, starting from the two parent homopolymers: poly(propylene furanoate) (PPF) and poly(propylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PPCE). The whole range of molecular architectures, from long block to random copolymer with a fixed molar composition (1:1 of the two repeating units) was considered. Molecular, thermal, tensile, and gas barrier properties of the prepared materials were investigated and correlated to the copolymer structure. A strict dependence of the functional properties on the copolymers’ block length was found. In particular, short block copolymers, thanks to the introduction of more flexible cyclohexane-containing co-units, displayed high elongation at break and low elastic modulus, thus overcoming PPF’s intrinsic rigidity. Furthermore, the exceptionally low gas permeabilities of PPF were further improved due to the concomitant action of the two rings, both capable of acting as mesogenic groups in the presence of flexible aliphatic units, and thus responsible for the formation of 1D/2D ordered domains, which in turn impart outstanding barrier properties.
The Presence and Localization of G-Quadruplex Forming Sequences in the Domain of Bacteria
Authors: Bartas Martin , Čutová Michaela , Brázda Václav , Kaura Patrik , Šťastný Jiří , Kolomazník Jan , Coufal Jan , Goswami Pratik , Červeň Jiří , Pečinka Petr
Published: May 2019

The role of local DNA structures in the regulation of basic cellular processes is an emerging field of research. Amongst local non-B DNA structures, the significance of G-quadruplexes was demonstrated in the last decade, and their presence and functional relevance has been demonstrated in many genomes, including humans. In this study, we analyzed the presence and locations of G-quadruplex-forming sequences by G4Hunter in all complete bacterial genomes available in the NCBI database. G-quadruplex-forming sequences were identified in all species, however the frequency differed significantly across evolutionary groups. The highest frequency of G-quadruplex forming sequences was detected in the subgroup Deinococcus-Thermus, and the lowest frequency in Thermotogae. G-quadruplex forming sequences are non-randomly distributed and are favored in various evolutionary groups. G-quadruplex-forming sequences are enriched in ncRNA segments followed by mRNAs. Analyses of surrounding sequences showed G-quadruplex-forming sequences around tRNA and regulatory sequences. These data point to the unique and non-random localization of G-quadruplex-forming sequences in bacterial genomes.
Al(Salen) Metal Complexes in Stereoselective Catalysis
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Calogero Francesco , Potenti Simone , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: May 2019

Salen ligands are a class of Schiff bases simply obtained through condensation of two molecules of a hydroxyl-substituted aryl aldehyde with an achiral or chiral diamine. The prototype salen, or N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine has a long history, as it was first reported in 1889, and immediately, some of its metal complexes were also described. Now, the salen ligands are a class of N,N,O,O tetradentate Schiff bases capable of coordinating many metal ions. The geometry and the stereogenic group inserted in the diamine backbone or aryl aldehyde backbone have been utilized in the past to efficiently transmit chiral information in a variety of different reactions. In this review we will summarize the important and recent achievements obtained in stereocontrolled reactions in which Al(salen) metal complexes are employed. Several other reviews devoted to the general applications and synthesis of chromium and other metal salens have already been published.
Pyrimidine 2,4-Diones in the Design of New HIV RT Inhibitors
Authors: Romeo Roberto , Iannazzo Daniela , Veltri Lucia , Gabriele Bartolo , Macchi Beatrice , Frezza Caterina , Marino-Merlo Francesca , Giofrè Salvatore V.
Published: May 2019

The pyrimidine nucleus is a versatile core in the development of antiretroviral agents. On this basis, a series of pyrimidine-2,4-diones linked to an isoxazolidine nucleus have been synthesized and tested as nucleoside analogs, endowed with potential anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) activity. Compounds 6a–c, characterized by the presence of an ethereal group at C-3, show HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor activity in the nanomolar range as well as HIV-infection inhibitor activity in the low micromolar with no toxicity. In the same context, compound 7b shows only a negligible inhibition of RT HIV.
HBX-6, Standardized Cornus officinalis and Psoralea corylifolia L. Extracts, Suppresses Benign Prostate Hyperplasia by Attenuating E2F1 Activation
Authors: Jin Bo-Ram , Kim Hyo-Jung , Seo Jong-Hwan , Kim Myoung-Seok , Lee Kwang-Ho , Yoon Il-Joo , An Hyo-Jin
Published: May 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to simplify and identify the contents of the herbal formula, HBX-5. This study was carried out to evaluate the therapeutic effects of HBX-6 in a mouse model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Based on in vitro, we selected a candidate, reconstituted an experimental agent and investigated the effects on testosterone-induced BPH rats. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay in RWPE-1 and WPMY-1 cells. The expression of androgen receptor (AR) was measured in dihydrotestosterone-stimulated RWPE-1 and WPMY-1 cells. BPH was induced in mice by a subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate for four weeks. Animals were divided into six groups: Group 1, control mice; Group 2, mice with BPH; Group 3, mice with BPH treated with finasteride; Group 4, mice with BPH treated with 200 mg/kg HBX-5; Group 5, mice with BPH treated with 100 mg/kg HBX-6; and Group 6, mice with BPH treated with 200 mg/kg HBX-6. Changes in prostate weight were measured after treatments, and the thickness of the epithelium was evaluated. The expression levels of proteins associated with prostatic cell proliferation and cell cycle-related proteins were determined. Based on previous reports and in vitro results, we selected Cornus officinalis and Psoralea corylifolia among HBX-5 components and reconstituted the experimental agent, and named it HBX-6. The result represented a new herbal formula, HBX-6 that suppressed the pathological alterations in BPH and showed a marked reduction in proliferation-related protein expression compared to mice with BPH. Our results indicate that HBX-6 has a better therapeutic effect in the BPH murine model than those of HBX-5 and finasteride, suggesting the role of HBX-6 as a new BPH remedial agent.
Increased Aluminum Content in Certain Brain Structures is Correlated with Higher Silicon Concentration in Alcoholic Use Disorder
Authors: Grochowski Cezary , Blicharska Eliza , Bogucki Jacek , Proch Jędrzej , Mierzwińska Aleksandra , Baj Jacek , Litak Jakub , Podkowiński Arkadiusz , Flieger Jolanta , Teresiński Grzegorz , Maciejewski Ryszard , Niedzielski Przemysław , Rzymski Piotr
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Alcohol overuse may be related to increased aluminum (Al) exposure, the brain accumulation of which contributes to dementia. However, some reports indicate that silicon (Si) may have a protective role over Al-induced toxicity. Still, no study has ever explored the brain content of Al and Si in alcoholic use disorder (AUD). Materials and methods: To fill this gap, the present study employed inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry to investigate levels of Al and Si in 10 brain regions and in the liver of AUD patients (n = 31) and control (n = 32) post-mortem. Results: Al content was detected only in AUD patients at mean ± SD total brain content of 1.59 ± 1.19 mg/kg, with the highest levels in the thalamus (4.05 ± 12.7 mg/kg, FTH), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (3.48 ± 9.67 mg/kg, ILF), insula (2.41 ± 4.10 mg/kg) and superior longitudinal fasciculus (1.08 ± 2.30 mg/kg). Si content displayed no difference between AUD and control, except for FTH. Positive inter-region correlations between the content of both elements were identified in the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and ILF. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that AUD patients may potentially be prone to Al-induced neurodegeneration in their brain—although this hypothesis requires further exploration.
In Vitro and in Vivo Antiviral Activity of Mizoribine Against Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus
Authors: Li Shi-Fang , Gong Mei-Jiao , Sun Yue-Feng , Shao Jun-Jun , Zhang Yong-Guang , Chang Hui-Yun
Published: May 2019

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, which has significant economic consequences in affected countries. As the currently available vaccines against FMD provide no protection until 4–7 days post-vaccination, the only alternative method to control the spread of FMD virus (FMDV) during outbreaks is the application of antiviral agents. Hence, it is important to identify effective antiviral agents against FMDV infection. In this study, we found that mizoribine has potent antiviral activity against FMDV replication in IBRS-2 cells. A time-of-drug-addition assay demonstrated that mizoribine functions at the early stage of replication. Moreover, mizoribine also showed antiviral effect on FMDV in vivo. In summary, these results revealed that mizoribine could be a potential antiviral drug against FMDV.
Medium-Chain Fatty Acids from Eugenia winzerlingii Leaves Causing Insect Settling Deterrent, Nematicidal, and Phytotoxic Effects
Authors: Cruz-Estrada Angel , Ruiz-Sánchez Esaú , Cristóbal-alejo Jairo , González-Coloma Azucena , Andrés María Fe , Gamboa-Angulo Marcela
Published: May 2019

Eugenia winzerlingii (Myrtaceae) is an endemic plant from the Yucatan peninsula. Its organic extracts and fractions from leaves have been tested on two phloem-feeding insects, Bemisia tabaci and Myzus persicae, on two plant parasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica, and phytotoxicity on Lolium perenne and Solanum lycopersicum. Results showed that both the hexane extract and the ethyl acetate extract, as well as the fractions, have strong antifeedant and nematicidal effects. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of methylated active fractions revealed the presence of a mixture of fatty acids. Authentic standards of detected fatty acids and methyl and ethyl derivatives were tested on target organisms. The most active compounds were decanoic, undecanoic, and dodecanoic acids. Methyl and ethyl ester derivatives had lower effects in comparison with free fatty acids. Dose-response experiments showed that undecanoic acid was the most potent compound with EC50 values of 21 and 6 nmol/cm2 for M. persicae and B. tabaci, respectively, and 192 and 64 nmol for M. incognita and M. javanica, respectively. In a phytotoxicity assay, medium-chain fatty acids caused a decrease of 38–52% in root length and 50–60% in leaf length of L. perenne, but no effects were observed on S. lycopersicum. This study highlights the importance of the genus Eugenia as a source of bioactive metabolites for plant pest management.
Advances in the Antagonism of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the Treatment of Digestive Tract Tumors
Authors: Liu Changwei , Li Penghui , Qu Zhihao , Xiong Wei , Liu Ailing , Zhang Sheng
Published: May 2019

Due to changes in the dietary structure of individuals, the incidence of digestive tract tumors has increased significantly in recent years, causing a serious threat to the life and health of patients. This has in turn led to an increase in cancer prevention research. Many studies have shown that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active ingredient in green tea, is in direct contact with the digestive tract upon ingestion, which allows it to elicit a significant antagonizing effect on digestive tract tumors. The main results of EGCG treatment include the prevention of tumor development in the digestive tract and the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. EGCG can be orally administered, is safe, and combats other resistances. The synergistic use of cancer drugs can promote the efficacy and reduce the anti-allergic properties of drugs, and is thus, favored in medical research. EGCG, however, currently possesses several shortcomings such as poor stability and low bioavailability, and its clinical application prospects need further development. In this paper, we have systematically summarized the research progress on the ability of EGCG to antagonize the activity and mechanism of action of digestive tract tumors, to achieve prevention, alleviation, delay, and even treat human gastrointestinal tract tumors via exogenous dietary EGCG supplementation or the development of new drugs containing EGCG.
Ozone-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Primidone Removal in Water using Simulated Solar Radiation and TiO2 or WO3 as Photocatalyst
Authors: Figueredo Manuel A. , Rodríguez Eva M. , Checa Manuel , Beltran Fernando J.
Published: May 2019

In this work, primidone, a high persistent pharmacological drug typically found in urban wastewaters, was degraded by different ozone combined AOPs using TiO2 P25 and commercial WO3 as photocatalyst. The comparison of processes, kinetics, nature of transformation products, and ecotoxicity of treated water samples, as well as the influence of the water matrix (ultrapure water or a secondary effluent), is presented and discussed. In presence of ozone, primidone is rapidly eliminated, with hydroxyl radicals being the main species involved. TiO2 was the most active catalyst regardless of the water matrix and the type of solar (global or visible) radiation applied. The synergy between ozone and photocatalysis (photocatalytic ozonation) for TOC removal was more evident at low O3 doses. In spite of having a lower band gap than TiO2 P25, WO3 did not bring any beneficial effects compared to TiO2 P25 regarding PRM and TOC removal. Based on the transformation products identified during ozonation and photocatalytic ozonation of primidone (hydroxyprimidone, phenyl-ethyl-malonamide, and 5-ethyldihydropirimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione), a degradation pathway is proposed. The application of the different processes resulted in an environmentally safe effluent for Daphnia magna.