bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aboriginal Self-Government: Finding A Path
Authors: Statnyk Kristopher
Published: October 2019

Aboriginal self-government is a reoccurring issue in Canadian politics. The basis for this issue can be found in the history of colonization of the Aboriginal peoples by the Canadian nation-state. The legitimacy of the claims to Aboriginal self-government are derived from the fact that the Aboriginals were the first peoples of pre-colonization Canada and were alienated from the formation of the state and its Constitution. Since the institutional recognition of an Aboriginal inherent right to self-government by the 1982 Constitution Act, the Chrétien government in 1995, and the 1996 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, the discourse on what model of Aboriginal self-government to adopt has developed into a highly contested topic with several proposals and objections (Abele and Prince 576-577). I will explore the possible models of self-government, the applicability of these models, as well as their legitimacy [...]
Le nationalisme comme l’Eros et le Thanatos des fédérations Réflexion critique entre Sigmund Freud et Michael Ignatieff
Authors: Melkevik Åsbjørn
Published: October 2019

L’être humain serait, selon Sigmund Freud, divisé entre deux pulsions : l’Éros et le Thanatos. L’Éros, soit la pulsion de vie, et le Thanatos, soit la pulsion de mort, oeuvrent continuellement ensemble, en amalgame, dans toutes actions humaines. En effet, Freud écrit concernant l’être humain qu’« il fallait qu’il y eût, en dehors de la pulsion à conserver la substance vivante, à la rassembler en unités de plus en plus grandes, une autre pulsion, opposée à elle, qui tende à dissoudre ces uni-tés et à les ramener à l’état anorganique des primes origines. ;» Loin de nous l’idée de faire de la psychologie sociale ; les parallèles entre les individus et les groupes sont trop souvent trompeurs. Or, il nous semble intéressant d’examiner les relations entre le nationalisme, comme idéologie, et l’existence des fédéra-tions à travers cette idée simple de vie et de mort – d’unification et de séparation. Michael Ignatieff a bien su exprimer le danger de dé-sintégration des pays fédéraux relié à la lo-gique même du nationalisme – lui-même ayant été inspiré de la critique de Freud sur la civilisation [...]
A Tocquevillian Examination of Individualism in Early American Federalism
Authors: Plante Jean-Luc
Published: October 2019

Many pundits commenting on early American affairs, such as Alexis de Tocqueville, believed that the United States of America benefitted from a unique societal and geographic context which would ultimately drive the narrative behind what is now being called American exceptionalism. This unique experience has permeated almost all facets of its state-centric federal system. The maximization of individual liberty was a driving factor in the American Revolution and it continued to drive a unique sense of nationalism which was later evoked on a continental basis. The American Revolution gave rise to a national emancipation movement driven by the revisionist values of liberty, egalitarianism, individualism and populism. The American Revolution held these values highly and attempted to redress longstanding grievances with an oppressive colonial master. Despite the appeal that liberty and egalitarianism had to the American individual, the United States had not completely broken away from European history, as it had retained class inequities, imperialism and war. The inescapable influences and pervasions of the old world would invariably conflict with the nationalistically driven ideals of emancipation, where the maximization of individual freedom, through the nation is seen as the true definition of freedom. [...]
Two Birds with One Stone: The political and environmental motives of Quebec’s climate change policy
Authors: Teare Rebecca
Published: October 2019

In 2000 Quebec was about to host its provincial counterparts for that year’s Joint Meeting of Ministers of the Environment and Energy in an effort to work in unison for the benefit of all Canadians and the environment. Quebec’s Ministers were clear about their position on climate change policy. In their province, Quebec’s policy will prevail. Federalism lies at the heart of the political dispute between Quebec and the federal government over the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. Quebec has pressured the federal government to maintain its commitments to the international community, and has been critical of its approach to meeting them. It has seriously considered the commitments Canada has made, and in the process, diverged from federal climate change policy by taking a more global perspective. This has enabled the province to generate greater provincial powers within Canada, in line with the Quebec Liberal Party’s concept of federalism. This essay will investigate climate change policy in Quebec after the Quiet Revolution, focusing on the differences between this province and the federal government’s approach to international climate change agreements—specifically the Kyoto Protocol. Quebec has developed firmer climate change policy than the federal government. While this is possible because of Quebec’s energy industry and the fact that it does not have to compromise with other jurisdictions in the federation, it has provided an additional outlet for the Quebecois sense of distinctiveness in Canada. This essay will argue that Quebec pursues a more ambitious climate change policy than the federal government in order to increase its provincial powers within the Canadian federation.[...]
Stare Decisis or Selective Judicial Reasoning? Precedent Application Analysis of Quebec (Attorney General) v. Lacombe
Authors: Mosonyi Samuel
Published: October 2019

The division of powers has remained a contentious issue in Canada since Confederation. Judicial precedents set in federalism cases can be inconsistently applied. This paper will serve as a case study which will examine one such example that arose in the 2010 Supreme Court case Quebec (Attorney General) v. Lacombe.1 We will begin by highlighting the legal dispute that occurred in this case and its relation to federalism. In essence, there is a conflict between a federal law relating to the construction of aerodromes (landing areas for aircraft) within a specific area, and a municipal by-law, which prohibits it. After discussing the conflict, we will then highlight the numerous viewpoints and doctrines relating to federalism which arise in Lacombe and rely on two lower court decisions to show how they are inconsistently applied [...]
Constitutionality and the Charter: The Judiciary vs. Framer’s Intent
Authors: Attard Daniel
Published: October 2019

For decades there has been controversy surrounding many of the Supreme Court's judgments regarding equality rights, specifically those concerning sexual orientation. The debate stems from whether the Supreme Court has upheld basic civil and human rights through its interpretation of the Charter and the inclusion of sexual orientation leading to a more comprehensive and universal understanding of democracy, or whether this instance exemplifies a growing judicial tendency to define the Charter, rather than interpret it, moving Canadian society away from "framer's intent."[...]
Is the Notwithstanding Clause a Viable Option To Maintain Constitutional Supremacy?
Authors: Holloway Christian
Published: October 2019

It has become apparent throughout the history of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms that section 33, or the Notwithstanding Clause, has been utilized very little in the parliamentary arena, yet has been the subject of an abundance of arguments, both in favour and opposed, in the academic spectrum. This is because section 33, to many theorists, is the mechanism that balances the Supreme Court of Canada and maintains constitutional supremacy in Canada. Through research and evaluation, it becomes evident that section 33 is not a viable option to maintain constitutional supremacy, and that judicial supremacy is already in effect. While there are many scholars who see the Supreme Court of Canada as the guardians of the Charter, and judicial supremacy as beneficial, it is a view that places too much faith in the hands of the unelected magistracy. Firstly, this paper will discuss the problems that face the Notwithstanding Clause. This section will demonstrate the problems that developed at its inception with the wording of the section, and how these problems have developed into the issues it faces today with regards to the ramifications that legislatures face if used. The following section will then evaluate the use of the Notwithstanding Clause in relation to the Quebec Charter of the French Language (which may also be referred to as Bill 101), as well as Saskatchewan’s Dispute Settlement Act, and the circumstances surrounding both cases.[...]
Triumph and Tragedy Associated with Aboriginal Self Governments in Canada: the Cases of the James Bay, Nisga’a, Nunavut and Tsilhqot’in People(s)
Authors: McEntee Erin
Published: October 2019

Canada’s current population presents a complex mosaic of citizens each belonging to rich and unique cultural, religious, social, and ethnic groups. Urban centres like Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver are activity-rich hubs of people from a variety of different backgrounds. While the concept of Canada as being a cultural assortment is relatively modern, there are faces in the national crowd that belong to a long-standing group of marginalized peoples – Canada’s aboriginal population. The Aboriginal people of Canada have resided in the nation’s regions long before the official creation of the country itself. Moreover, they have been operating within established, organized societies and communities well before the assertion and acquisition of sovereignty by the Crown as well as prior to the establishment of settler societies and governments (Luk). As such, the Aboriginal people of Canada have been part of a long and gruelling process to attain varying levels of self-government in the fight to gain back their rights as individuals and as a distinct Aboriginal nation.[...]
The problem(s) with cities: Analyzing the need for greater municipal empowerment in Canada
Authors: Ciccarelli-Shand Joy
Published: October 2019

Canada’s big cities face big, complex problems that undeniably hamper their ability to govern effectively. In addition to the fact that they are highly diverse and culturally distinct from their surrounding regions, many structural issues exist within the architecture of big city governments that make the act of governing extremely difficult, and the result is an arguably poorer quality of life for urban citizens. Not only are urbanites underrepresented in the federal system, meaning that the issues they face in their day-to-day lives are less discussed in Ottawa, but urban-based minorities, including racialized and poor Canadians, are further marginalized. Municipalities, presided over by provincial governments, have little control and minimal ability to address the needs of their citizens in serious and thoughtful ways: this is not only harder on the administrators of big cities, who feel significant frustration at their own impotence, but is also hard on citizens who are unable to hold their city governments accountable for anything, including the bad behaviour that sometimes results (Slayton 2015, 1-2).[...]
Diviser pour mieux régner : faut-il décentraliser les pouvoirs?
Authors: Robaczewski Alek
Published: October 2019

C’est en 1867 que John A. Macdonald, désirant former un gouvernement canadien indépendant, conclut qu’une union fédérale serait la seule option viable. (Pelletier R. et Tremblay M., 2009, p.18) C’est ainsi que fut écrite la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867, qui octroyait aux provinces canadiennes un gouvernement provincial avec ses propres sphères d’influence, sous la supervision d’un gouvernement fédéral, lui-même titulaire d’une panoplie de pouvoirs. Ce dernier fut constitué à la britannique : à sa tête, la Reine ou le Roi (et son représentant, le Gouverneur Général), soutenu par le pouvoir exécutif et le pouvoir législatif, le premier étant subordonné au second. La législation devait être établie par la chambre des Communes, constituée de députés élus, ainsi que par la chambre des Lords, aujourd’hui des sénateurs nommés au Sénat, ayant pour objectif de réviser et peaufiner le travail de la chambre des Communes. Le pouvoir exécutif, quant à lui, devait être tenu par le Premier Ministre et son cabinet [...]
Le Désengagement du Canada dans les Affaires Internationaux
Authors: Roy Julie
Published: October 2019

This article analyses the downfall of Canada’s participation and influence over international peacekeeping missions in the post-Cold War era. The author begins by discussing how the collapse of the USSR led to fundamental changes in the system of international relations. The author then centres her discussion on Canada, focusing primarily on the national and international considerations that are influencing the nation’s involvement in missions overseas.
International Treaties and Canadian Federalism: the Case of Climate Change Policy
Authors: Smith Kristin
Published: October 2019

Ce texte discute du rôle des gouvernements provinciaux dans le développement de la position canadienne en ce qui concerne les accords internationaux. En particulier, il considère la manière dont la structure fédérale du Canada affecte la négociation et l’exécution des traités internationaux et de la politique étrangère.
The Indian Claims Commission: an Impact Assessment
Authors: Chaussard Martine
Published: October 2019

Abstract unavailable. See PDF for full text.
'A Mere Geographical Expression': An In-Depth Analysis of the Issues that Threaten Nigerian Federalism
Authors: McLean Jamie
Published: October 2019

Abstract unavailable. See PDF for full text.
Argumentaire sur la nécessaire souveraineté du Québec
Authors: Caron Mélodie
Published: October 2019

Pour ne laisser aucune place à lasubtilité ou l’ambiguïté, il semble important depositionner l’orientation de cet ouvrage dès lespremières lignes. Le texte argumentatif qui suitest de nature souverainiste. Il s’emploie àdévelopper un argumentaire construit autourd’une thèse très simple; le Québec, de par sonidentité distincte, a les moyens de pallier à ladéficience du fédéralisme canadien et des’affranchir du statut de province fédérée. Deplus, il est important de préciser que lastructure de cet ouvrage ne répond pas del’approche cartésienne de la thèse, antithèse,synthèse valorisée par les milieux académiques.La raison en est bien simple, la thèse de cetessai naît de la vision québécoise de l’histoirecanadienne, c’est-à-dire que l’état canadien estné d’une entente entre deux nations,francophone et anglophone. Se positionnantcomme tel, la thèse ne cherche pas a débattreou a exposer d’autre vision historique de lafédération canadienne, croyant donc superflude discuter de la vision prédominante dans lecanada anglais qui perçoit la création de lanation canadienne comme un moyen d’unissoncontre le pouvoir colonial britannique [...]
Fédéralisme américain et environnement : le rôle des États fédérés dans le développement d’une diplomatie parallèle
Authors: Chaloux Annie
Published: October 2019

Les enjeux environnementaux, et plus particulièrement le phénomène des changements climatiques constituent un élément significatif dans la redéfinition des relations internationales contemporaine. L’État central, bien qu’il reste un acteur majeur sur la scène internationale, n’est plus considéré comme l’unique représentant des intérêts nationaux. Sur le plan environnemental, les collectivités locales et régionales acquièrent une légitimité leur permettant de définir leurs propres intérêts sur la scène internationale, en dépit des positions de l’acteur central, appelé phénomène paradiplomatique. Aux États-Unis, ce phénomène est de plus en plus important dans le secteur environnemental, notamment depuis le rejet de Washington du protocole de Kyoto en 2001. Certains États ont dénoncé la position de Washington et ont développé une diplomatie parallèle avec d’autres États fédérés dans le monde afin de dénoncer la position du gouvernement central sur la question des changements climatiques. Cet article traitera donc du développement du phénomène paradiplomatique aux États-Unis, dans le secteur environnemental. Particulièrement, il se concentrera sur l’évolution de la politique environnementale américaine concernant le réchauffement climatique, l’intensification de la paradiplomatie des États fédérés, ainsi que du rôle de ces entités subétatiques suite au rejet de Washington du protocole de Kyoto en 2001.[...]
IMMUNITY SYSTEM AFTER EXTENDED SURGERIES IN PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED STOMACH CANCER
Authors:   Department of Oncology, South Ural State Medical University, Ena Igor Ivanovich ,   Tomsk Regional Oncology Center, Akhetov Amir Amantaevich ,   Medical Centre Hospital of President’s Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Shanazarov Nasrulla Abdullaevich ,   Deputy Director for Science, Medical Centre Hospital of President’s Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Seydalin Nazar Karimovich ,   Science Department, Medical Centre Hospital of President’s Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: October 2019

Objective: Examine the influence of splenectomy in patients with locally advanced stomach cancer (LASC) on the immune system and the frequency of postoperative infectious complications. Methods: The system of immunity of 55 patients with LASC is studied before and after an extended gastrectomy with splenectomy. Cellular and humoral immunity were assessed. The immune component cells were determined by means of reactions an indirect rosette using monoclonal antibodies to form rosettes. The phenotype of immunocompetent cells was determined using monoclonal antibodies. To determine B-lymphocytes, erythrocytes coated with antibodies to CD19 antigens specific for B cells as well as HLA-DR antigens found on B-lymphocytes and activated T-cells were used; for natural killers – diagnostics with monoclonal antibody to CD16, as well as CD95 – the factor of apoptosis and CD HLAII. The functional state of the B-systems of immunity was evaluated by determining the serum immunoglobulins of the main classes IgG, IgA, IgM by the method of radial immune diffusion by Mancini. Results: It was found that after gastrectomy with splenectomy, the statistically significant decrease in IgG concentration to 7.2±0.12 g/l and IgM to 0.6±0.02 g/l and increase in leukocyte-T-lymphocyte index to 23.0±0.54 units. Before and after the performed operation, significant differences were found in such indicators as CD4, CD16, CD19, CD4/CD8. When studying the parameters of apoptosis and the characteristics of expression of CD95 molecules on peripheral blood lymphocytes, no significant changes in the activation rates of peripheral blood lymphocytes were revealed. It is established that in the splenectomy group complications associated with impaired immune status develop. This was manifested by a tendency to frequent colds, detected in 41.2% of patients due to involvement of the lungs and bronchi in the pathological process, and 11.8% of the patients had a predisposition to pustular skin diseases. Conclusion: Splenectomy leads to changes in both the humoral and cellular links of the immune status, as well as the nonspecific resistance of the organism of the patients with LASC. These changes in laboratory indicators are clinically manifested by the propensity to infectious diseases. Keywords: Gastric cancer, gastrectomy, splenectomy, cellular immunity, humoral immunity.
METHAPHYLAXIS OF NEPHROLITHIASIS IN CHILDREN AT THE ENDEMIC REGION
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Avicenna TSMU, Makhmadzhonov Dodardzhon Makhmadzhonovich , Sultonov Sherali Rakhmonovich ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Avicenna TSMU, Boboev Zabirullo Abdulloevich ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Avicenna TSMU
Published: October 2019

Objective: Improving the diagnosis, treatment and metaphylaxis of nephrolithiasis in children. Methods: Under observation was 201 patients with nephrolithiasis aged from one to 14 years. The following risk factors were identified: urological diseases in the immediate family, which was accompanied by metabolic disorders (68.5%); abnormalities of the urinary tract (37%); the age of mothers over 40 (43.3%); related marriages (16.7%). Results: Conducted conservative treatment was effective only in 14 patients with small kidney stones, in other cases, an open surgical removal of stones: pyelolithotomy (98), sparing nephrolithotomy (68), calicolithotomy (11). Nephroureterectomy with calculous pyonephrosis performed on four patients (1.9%). With obstructive purulent calculous pyelonephritis, a radical technique of primary nephrolithotomy with nephrostomy was used. For the purpose of metaphylaxis, after discharge from the hospital, systematic observations of children conducted in a polyclinic. Conclusion: The main metaphylaxis measures for urolithiasis at the outpatient stage should be aim to the sanation of the urinary tract, normalization of urine pH, correction of metabolic disturbances, and treatment of concomitant somatic diseases. Keywords: Urolithiasis, prophylaxis, operative treatment, metaphylaxis, ambulatory care.
POSTOPERATIVE PNEUMONIA: PREVENTION AND TREATMENT IN URGENT ABDOMINAL SURGERY
Authors:   Department of General Surgery № 2, Avicenna TSMU, Abdulloev Dzhamoliddin Abdulloevich , Madzhidov Dzhamshed Emomalievich ,   Department of General Surgery № 2, Avicenna TSMU, Nabiev Muzaffar Kholnazarovich ,   Department of General Surgery № 2, Avicenna TSMU, Shaymardanov Khayyam Shukhratovich ,   Department of General Surgery № 2, Avicenna TSMU
Published: October 2019

Objective: Preventive maintenance and treatment of postoperative pneumonia in patients with urgent abdominal pathology. Methods: The results of examination and treatment of 86 patients with postoperative pneumonia (PP) for the period from 2005 to 2017 analyzed. There were 51 men (59.3%), women – 35 (40.7%). All patients were operated for the diffuse peritonitis caused by acute destructive appendicitis (n=21), perforated gastroduodenal ulcer (n=10), strangulated ventral hernia (n=4), acute intestinal obstruction (n=19), destructive forms of acute calculous cholecystitis (n=18) and acute destructive pancreatitis (n=14). In addition, the work presents the results of the application of the preventive measures developed by authors in 70 patients with urgent diseases of the abdominal cavity without PP. Results: To reduce the frequency of PP in patients with urgent surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity, complicated by intraperitoneal hypertension syndrome and enteral insufficiency, a method of antegrade intubation of the small intestine has been developed. In cases when after approaching of the edges of laparotomic wounds, the intra-abdominal pressure was above 15 mm Hg, the operation completed by hemming to the edges of the aponeurosis using a polypropylene mesh. The use of preventive endoprosthetics allowed to increase the volume of the abdominal cavity and, thereby, to level out the high standing of the diaphragm and the lung compressions, which was a surgical preventive maintenance of PP. After completion of the operation, in 22 cases, a catheterization of the small intestine mesentery was performed with subsequent introduction of 10 mg of serotonin adipate twice daily with a microdose jet pump SN-50. The patients observed the resolution of paresis on the second day after the surgery. Conclusion: Proposed measures for the prevention of PP allow to significantly improve the immediate results of surgical treatment of urgent diseases of the abdominal cavity by reducing the incidence of nonspecific complications. The use of serotonin adipate promotes the normalization of automatism and contractile activity of the smooth muscles of the intestine and allows reducing the frequency of complications and lethality among this complex category of patients. Keywords: Postoperative pneumonia, abdominal cavity, serotonin adipate.
PREVALENCE AND MEDICO-SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN COMBINATION WITH ANEMIA
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Pirmatova Dilnoza Alikhonovna , Dodkhoeva Munavvara Fayzulloevna ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology № 1, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine the frequency and medical and social aspects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in combination with anemia in pregnant women. Methods: 1661 pregnant women were examined in conditions of Reproductive Health Centers in Dushanbe. In order to detect GDM, a one-step oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out using 75 g of anhydrous glucose dissolved in 250-300 ml of boiled water. Diagnostic threshold values of plasma glucose concentration were: fasting ≥5.1 mmol/l; after 1 hour of glucose load ≥10.0 mmol/l; after 2 hours of glucose load ≥8.5-11.0 mmol/l. The severity of anemia was determined by the results of hemoglobin in the blood and clinical signs Results: After OGTT, GDM was found in 36.5% of pregnant women, including 15.9% of women with anemia and without it, 20.6%. Pregnant women with the presence of GDM were older (25.4±5.2 years) compared with pregnant women without GDM (24.9±5.0 years). The combination of GDM with anemia in the studied population most often occurred in the examined women aged 25-29 years (31.5%), in multiparous (21.7%) and in obese patients (8.0%). Conclusion: The frequency and medical and social characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus in combination with anemia are associated with age, parity, the socio-economic status of women, body mass index. Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, anemia, pregnancy, age, parity, body mass index.
Enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Detalles nuevos de una enfermedad vieja
Authors: Melgar Christian E. , Durán Luis Fernando
Published: October 2019

La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico representa una patología de gran prevalencia en el mundo, esta genera altos costos económicos y requiere un estricto conocimiento de aspectos fisiopatológicos para entender sus problemas clínicos y poder realizar un adecuado manejo. Dentro de los principales aspectos de la fisiopatología las relajaciones espontáneas del esfínter esofágico inferior representan una causa importante de morbilidad al igual que otros aspectos tratados en esta revisión. En el aspecto clínico es fundamental la clasificación en erosivo y no erosivo además de la caracterización entre síntomas atípicos y típicos para implementar un tratamiento acorde a las necesidades del paciente.
Características de los cuidadores de enfermos mentales en Neiva, diciembre 2010 y enero 2011
Authors: Calderón Ramírez Viviana Andréa
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: caracterizar al cuidador del paciente con trastorno mental, sus condiciones sociodemográficas, para reconocer sus carencias, necesidades y plantear la creación de redes especializadas de cuidadores a través de la cual se obtenga capacitación y financiación por parte del estado u otro tipo de entidades interesadas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal en el Hospital Universitario de Neiva entre diciembre de 2010 y enero de 2011 aplicando una encuesta a 40 pacientes hospitalizados y a 28 cuidadores. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, estrato socioeconómico, ocupación, nivel educativo, estado civil, lugar de procedencia y nivel de ingresos económicos. Resultados: la mayoría de los cuidadores están entre los 36 y 53 años, son de género femenino y proceden del departamento del Huila, viven en unión libre, vinculados al régimen subsidiado, pertenecen al estrato socioeconómico bajo, tienen estudios de secundaria incompleta, no poseen vínculo laboral en el momento de la entrevista y no cuentan con ingreso económico. Conclusión: el estudio mostró la desprotección de enfermos y familiares cuidadores, por tal razón, existe la necesidad de la creación de una red de cuidadores a través de la cual se proteja, con la participación activa del estado, la familia, el usuario y las instituciones científicas, a los enfermos y a sus familias.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Comité
Published: October 2019

La Revista Facultad de Salud (RFS) es el órgano oficial de difusión de conocimiento de la Facultad de Salud de la Universidad Surcolombiana. Una de las grandes metas de la publicación es la búsqueda del crecimiento con calidad académica, continuidad editorial y buena difusión. Es sentido es grato para el comité editorial presentar la sexta edición de la publicación que cumple con estas exigencias. En esta edición los lectores podrán encontrar tres tipos de artículos que publica la revista, así: cuatro artículos de investigación original, dos artículos de presentación de caso y un artículo de revisión de tema. Todos ellos evaluados por revisores del más alto nivel académico; varios provienen de países como Brasil y República Dominicana. Es de resaltar además el proceso de difusión e internacionalización que ha sufrido la revista, hecho que se ve reflejado en que dos de los artículos incluidos en esta edición provienen de autores afiliados a instituciones extranjeras.

En esta edición, se presenta como primer artículo inédito, un trabajo proveniente de Brasil que compara las semejanzas y diferencias que hay entre la educación médica y la educación física. Una novedosa conclusión es que la educación médica sobre un adecuado ejercicio físico puede influir en un profesional que va a ser a futuro un factor multiplicador de salud.
Investigando a relação formação médica e atividade física: significados, procedimentos e resultados
Authors: Gonçalves Aguinaldo , Mantellini Glauca G. , Lorenzi Pires Giovani De , Júnior Edgard Matiello , Basso Ana Carolina
Published: October 2019

Por proporcionar a confluência de interesses comuns, a disciplina Educação Física Curricular ministrada para calouros do curso de Medicina, se identifica como projeto de ensino/pesquisa, interessante para ser conhecido e apreciado. Trata-se de processo didático-metodológico em que se aliam práticas e reflexões participativamente planejadas, baseadas em princípios pedagógicos problematizadores para a identificação de temáticas significativas aos alunos e na interlocução/ reconstrução destes dois conjuntos. Na presente comunicação, relatamse e discutem-se respectivos resultados e significados.
Absceso pulmonar amebiano
Authors: Díaz Santos Germán , Panqueba César Alberto , Lara Rodrigo , Lastra Giovani
Published: October 2019

La amibiasis es frecuente en países como el nuestro, pero es poco frecuente el compromiso pulmonar. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con un absceso pulmonar amebiano primario, que requirió un manejo con derivados nitroimidazoles y la realización de procedimiento quirúrgico para diagnóstico y tratamiento. Una satisfactoria evolución fue obtenida después de la aplicación de estas medidas.
Neumomediastino asociado al trabajo de parto: reporte de caso
Authors: Ijají Piamba Jhon Edison , Rodríguez Castillo Victoria Alejandra , Cerón Bastidas Jorge Armando , Hoyos Zúñiga Sophia , Gonzáles Dagua Jenny Cristina , Ortiz Martínez Roberth Alirio
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: El neumomediastino asociado al trabajo de parto es una entidad excepcional, con aproximadamente 200 casos reportados en todo el mundo. Resumen del caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una mujer primigestante, quien en el postparto inmediato presenta disnea, dolor torácico, así como edemas en cara y cuello. Se realizó el diagnóstico de neumomediastino asociado al trabajo de parto; y se confirmó el mismo mediante radiografía y tomografía axial computarizada de tórax. La paciente recibió tratamiento conservador basado en medicación analgésica y aporte de oxígeno, con evolución clínica satisfactoria. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico del neumomediastino espontáneo es eminentemente clínico. Las medidas de soporte, incluyendo la oxigenoterapia, analgesia y ansiolisis, constituyen los pilares del tratamiento de esta patología.
Efektivitas Bisnis Berbasis Teknologi Internet Dalam Membangun Kinerja Kewirausahaan
Authors: Utomo Mohamad Nur
Published: October 2019

Entrepreneurial success will have an impact on economic growth.  Entrepreneurship that integrates internet technology in its business activities will be able to improve business performance in the current digital economy era.  This study aims to empirically examine the effect of internet technology-based business implementation on business performance.  Internet technology-based business applications are measured by 5 indicators (online communication channels, online promotion channels, online supplier distribution channels, online sales channels, and online transaction channels). While business performance is measured by 5 indicators (profit growth, sales growth, capital growth, efficiency, and customer growth).  The sample in this study was 100 UMKM in Tarakan city using the sample area probability sample method based on the sub-district area.  Data analysis technique uses PLS-SEM method with WarpPls 6.0 application.  The results showed that internet technology-based business implementation was able to encourage business performance improvement. The entrepreneur must be able to integrate its business operations with Internet-based technologies to create opportunities and facilitate building performance.Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Internet Technology, Online Business.
A three-dimensional model of MSME performance: an agenda for further research
Authors: Rita Maria Rio , Thren Andrew Thomas
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses company performance measurement literature as well as surveys the development of the newest literature about this topic. This study provides a performance measurement model modification that can be applied in Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs). Qualitative research with a meta-synthesis method was used in this research to produce a new and wider viewpoint and understanding of the MSME performance measurement dimension. The purpose of this research is to produce a new measurement of MSME performance by inputting the entrepreneurial performance element, besides the financial measurement element and the market element. This entrepreneurial dimension can supplement the previously developed company performance measurement indicators.
Pemberian Pupuk Silikat dan Pupuk Kandang Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Kadar Brix, dan Hasil Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Authors: Apliza Dita , Ma’shum Mansur , Suwardji Suwardji , Wargadalam Verina Januati
Published: October 2019

Abstract: Research on the application of silicate fertilizer and manure to growth, brix level, and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) was investigated to find ways to increase sorghum productivity in the dry land. The research method used was an experimental method that was set in a randomized block design consisting of 9 treatments namely control (Si0P0), without silicate and manure, 5 tones/ha (Si0P5), without silicate and manure 10 tones/ha (Si0P10), silicate 100 kg/ha and without manure (Si100P0), silicate 100 kg/ha and manure 5 tones/ha (Si100P5), silicate 100 kg/ha and manure 10 tones/ha (Si100P10), silicate 200 kg/ha and without manure (Si200P0), silicate 200 kg/ha and manure 5 tones/ha (Si200P5), and silicate 200 kg/ha and manure 10 tones/ha (Si200P10). Each treatment was replicated 3 times and the size of the plot was 6x6 m2. The results indicated that the application of silicate fertilizer and manure could significantly increase yield and brix levels. Application of silicate fertilizer of 200 kg/ha and manure 5 tonnes/ha gave higher results for the production of sorghum was 6056 kg/ha. However, the growth of sorghum was not affected significantly to the growth of sorghum plants. Keywords: Silicate Fertilizer (Si); Manure; Sorghum Plant
Diabetes Mellitusun Parkinson Hastalığında Non-Motor Semptomlar Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: BÜYÜKKOYUNCU PEKEL Nilüfer
Published: October 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada diabetes mellitusun (DM) Parkinson hastalığında (PH) görülen non-motor semptomlar üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Nöroloji polikliniğinde PH tanısı ile takipli, DM olan 30, DM olmayan 73 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Birleşik Parkinson Hastalığı Değerlendirme Ölçeği (BPHDÖ) uygulandı ve Hoehn Yahr Evrelemesi (HYE) yapıldı. Her iki gruba Non-motor Semptomlar Anketi (NMSA), Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Hamilton Anksiyete Ölçeği (HAÖ), Pitsburg Uyku Kalite Ölçeği (PUKÖ), Epworth Gündüz Uykululuk Ölçeği (EUÖ) ve Uykusuzluk Şiddet İndeksi (UŞİ) uygulandı. Bulgular: İki grup arasında HAÖ, BDÖ, UŞİ, EUÖ puanları arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. Diyabeti olan ve olmayan gruplarda depresyon, anksiyete bozuklukları ve gündüz uykululuğu görülme oranları açısından anlamlı fark yoktu. PUKÖ’ne göre uykusu kötü olanların oranı aynıydı. Non-motor semptomlar anketinin tüm soruları ayrı ayrı değerlendirildiğinde ‘’aşırı terleme oldu mu?’’ sorusuna evet cevabı verenlerin oranı diyabetli grupta anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p=0.036). Diyabeti olan Parkinson hastalarında aşırı terleme görülme oranı, diyabeti olmayanlara göre 13 kat yüksek bulundu. Sonuç: Diyabet, Parkinson hastalarında aşırı terleme oranını arttıran bir parametre olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Ossidiana e selce nel Caucaso Meridionale
Authors: Amato Flavia
Published: October 2019

Lithic production in the Southern Caucasus continues to flourish even after the diffusion of metals in the 4th-3rd millennia BC. Flint elements and especially those in obsidian, were in fact of considerable importance in the life of metal age communities and are well attested both in living and in funerary contexts. Considered by some scholars as an attribute of celestial deities, obsidian is present in numerous deposits between the Lesser and the Greater Caucasus, from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea. It was widely exploited for its naturally sharp edges and ease of processing. Flint, of local origin, is used to made agricultural tools, generally found in the inhabited areas, and arrowheads and spearheads, most commonly preserved in funerary contexts. The present article analyses the main features of the lithic assemblage from Aradetis Orgora, the most important site in the Shida Kartli region of Georgia, and from its Kura-Araxes cemetery.
Uno sguardo a Nord-Est
Authors: Bianchi Francesco
Published: October 2019

Archaeological work carried out in the Southern Caucasus and in Eastern Turkey during the last three decades added some important elements to the picture of these two areas during the Late Bronze Age and contributed to defining their relations between each other and those with the main political entities of the Near East. Excavations in the Southern Caucasus, e.g. at Gegharot in Armenia and at Aradetis Orgora in Georgia, showed that the region was involved in the exchange network that was in place in the Near East during the Late Bronze Age, in which it is most likely that the populations of Eastern Anatolia played a key role in linking the Southern Caucasus with the area of Greater Mesopotamia. This hypothesis could be partially confirmed by the discovery of South-Caucasian LBA pottery during the excavations of Sos Höyük, a site located in the Erzurum area. In this context a combined approach to the study of these relations, which takes advantage of both archaeological evidence and contemporary epigraphic sources on the area, can prove very useful. Epigraphic sources consist almost entirely of Hittite and Middle-Assyrian texts because these two regional powers came in contact with the population of Eastern Anatolia during the expansion of their sphere of influence respectively eastwards and northwards.
Khan uiguri del regno di Qočo (850-1250) nelle fonti di Turfan
Authors: Piras Andrea
Published: October 2019

This article firstly deals with a general survey of the Turkic-Iranian relationships, from the VI century onwards, by the point of view of epigraphic evidences and sparse linguistic references within the Indo-Iranian borderlands and Central Asia. Secondly, it focuses on Turkic words (onomastic, epithets, titles) recorded in Middle Persian texts of the Manichean religion, in order to highlight the cultural contacts between the Uighur newcomers of the Qočo kingdom and the local population, both sharing common religious beliefs such as Manichaeism and Buddhism. Given the Manichaean faith of the Uighur élites, the Middle Persian Manichaean texts show an appreciation of the Turkic rulership, attested by the panegyrical tone of many compositions dedicated to the khans and their entourages.
ʿAlidi in marcia lungo la via per la Cina
Authors: Calzolaio Francesco
Published: October 2019

The emergence of the first Islamic communities in China is still an elusive phenomenon. Primary sources are scanty, and mostly focus on Tang-Abbasid maritime trade. Thus, while the first days of Islam in south-eastern China are now quite well documented, much less is known about the arrival of Islam in the north-west. A twelfth-century Persian source, Sharaf al-Zamān Ṭāhir Marwazī’s Ṭabāʾiʿ al-ḥayawān, reports a legend concerning the settlement of a group of ʿAlid Muslim merchants somewhere in Tang China. An analysis of this anecdote could shed some light on the matter, providing new data on the very first Islamic communities of north-western China.
Osservazioni testuali e cartografiche sui settori centrasiatici della Mappa a Cuore turco-veneta di Cagi Acmet
Authors: Bellingeri Giampiero
Published: October 2019

This article provides a context for the heart-shaped world map of Cagi Acmet (1559-60). We present here some Armenian and Venetian sources from the 14th to the 16th century, which seem to give substance to the text that accompanies the paper: the voices of travellers, men of arms, diplomats and merchants, who inform Venice about Persia, the Great Turkey, the Ottoman Empire, the Sarmatia and the Catay.
Estimating the probability of eradication of painted apple moth from Auckland
Authors: Kean J.M. , Suckling D.M.
Published: October 2019

A set of assumptions can be used to estimate the confidence that a continuing lack of detection reflects successful eradication of a pest population This approach is applied to the painted apple moth (Teia anartoides) in Auckland New Zealand based on its known population biology and sterile insect recapture results The analysis suggests that it is extremely unlikely that any wild population might have survived near the core trapping areas beyond mid January 2004 but that there was a significant chance that a small wild population could have remained undetected until then in less intensively trapped areas The moth trapped in Mt Eden in January 2004 plausibly indicates an undetected population there but a continued lack of trap catches over the subsequent year suggests that it is very unlikely that any wild populations now remain undetected within the trapping grid This analysis could be easily adapted for other species targeted for eradication
Effectiveness of Foray 48B over time after application against the painted apple moth
Authors: Charles J.G. , Allan D.J. , Chhagan A. , Jamieson L.E.
Published: October 2019

Laboratory bioassays confirmed the effectiveness of aerial applications of Foray 48B (Btk) against PAM over Auckland during 20022003 When neonate larvae were fed on Acacia mearnsii seedling foliage on the day of application (0 DA) 7498 of larvae died Larval mortality then decreased with increasing time after the application of Btk to ca 50 at 67 DA and 30 at 1213 DA In similar experiments larval mortality was not affected by the height (15 m above ground level) from which leaves of sprayed mature A mearnsii were collected but did vary consistently between trees Persistence of Btk on mature trees in the open was apparently lower than on seedlings kept in a shaded insectary If an application resulted in high mean mortality across all trees at 0 DA larvae typically died for 67 DA; whereas following an application that resulted in comparatively low mean mortality at 0 DA larvae usually died for only 4 DA
Evaluating the benefits of doseresponse bioassays during aerial pest eradication operations
Authors: Richardson B. , Kay M.K. , Kimberley M.O. , Charles J.G. , Gresham B.A.
Published: October 2019

Between January 2002 and May 2004 a series of aerially applied sprays of Btk (Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaski) were made to areas of Auckland and Hamilton New Zealand The purpose of the sprays was to eradicate the painted apple moth (PAM; Teia anartoides) from Auckland and the Asian gypsy moth (AGM; Lymantria dispar) from Hamilton In both operations bioassays were used to test the effectiveness and consistency of spray applications Bioassays were undertaken by placing foliage samples (Acacia mearnsii) at a selection of locations in the spray zone next to cards on which spray deposition was measured After spraying PAM larvae were placed on each plant and mortality recorded Results indicated that there was a strong relationship between droplet density on cards and PAM mortality on plants Once this relationship was determined further bioassays were of limited additional value to simply measuring deposition on cards
Multiple strategies for effective pathogen control
Authors: Spiers T.M. , Elmer R.A.G. , Wood R.N. , Reglinski T. , Tate K.G.
Published: October 2019

Market tolerance of fungicide residues on fruit is declining and alternative disease control strategies are required An integrated management system to reduce and ultimately replace fungicides with acceptable alternatives is being developed The components include improved knowledge of pathogen epidemiology thereby optimising the timing of fungicides manipulation of tree nutrition to enhance fruit disease resistance biological control inoculum removal strategies to reduce disease risk and postharvest treatment for improved storage life The integration of these disease management tools provides the basis for consistent and more effective disease control This paper describes research with Monilinia fructicola the cause of brown rot in summerfruit to highlight the benefits of this multifaceted approach Green immature fruit (prepit hardening) were susceptible to infection highlighting the need for fruit protection at this stage Foliar calcium biological control inoculum removal and postharvest treatment each significantly reduced brown rot incidence but field validation of a combined approach is still required
Parasitism of gum leaf skeletoniser (Uraba lugens) in New Zealand
Authors: Mansfield S. , Kriticos D.J. , Potter K.J.B. , Watson M.C.
Published: October 2019

The gum leaf skeletoniser (Uraba lugens) a significant pest in Australia is now well established on Eucalyptus spp in the Auckland region One larval parasitoid (Meteorus pulchricornis) and two pupal parasitoids (Xanthopimpla rhopaloceros and Anacis sp) were recorded from U lugens collected in southwest Auckland Parasitism of M pulchricornis and X rhopaloceros against U lugens and other hosts in New Zealand (Helicoverpa armigera and Epiphyas postvittana respectively) was compared using nochoice and choice tests under controlled conditions Uraba lugens is a suitable host for development of both M pulchricornis and X rhopaloceros Choice tests revealed that M pulchricornis prefers H armigera larvae to U lugens Attack by X rhopaloceros occurred only when host pupae were presented within their cocoons Meteorus pulchricornis may compete with proposed classical biological control agents introduced against U lugens while X rhopaloceros is more likely to complement them