bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gastric cancer in Europe
Authors:   European Union Network of Excellence (EUNE) for Gastric Cancer Steering Group, Allum W H
Published: March 2008

A collaborative approach is advocated
Current management of bile duct injury
Authors: Lillemoe K D
Published: March 2008

Excellent results are achievable
Comparison of different extraction methods for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in kiwi fruit using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Cho Soon‐Kil , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Jeon Hyang‐Rang , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Shin Ho‐Chul , Shim Jae‐Han
Published: March 2008

The methods of simultaneous extraction of iprodione, chlorpyrifos‐methyl, EPN and endosulfan (with its metabolites) from kiwi fruit using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) were tested and compared in terms of their of limits of detection and quantification, as well as the highest pesticide recoveries with the lowest residues in the final extracts. The analysis was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. The proposed methods featured good sensitivity, pesticide quantification limits were low enough, and the precision (expressed as relative standard deviations) ranged from 0.56 to 7.17%. The recoveries obtained from ASE, SFE and LLE were 77.5–120, 71.9–109.1 and 75.6–127.1%, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the monitoring of the selected pesticide residues in kiwi fruit samples collected from Jollanamdo area, Republic of Korea. Iprodione was detected at a level lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) established by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (5 ppm), while EPN was detected at a level higher than the Korea Food and Drug Administration MRL (0.1 ppm) in the real samples. The proposed sample preparations led to a higher preconcentration of the pesticide fraction, and allowed the sensitive and selective determination of pesticides with varied physicochemical properties in kiwi fruit. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Top 10 securitizable loan negotiations
Authors: Pressman Gregory P.
Published: March 2008

From a borrower's point of view, what drives many loan negotiations is a tension between, on the one hand, the attractive pricing that the liquidity of the capital markets enables securitizing lenders to offer (when compared with their portfolio lender competition), versus, on the other hand, added up‐front structuring requirements and increased ongoing ‘policing’ of and constraints on the borrower's property operations, compounded by the arguably less‐responsive servicing that borrowers occasionally view as the price of doing real estate mortgage investment conduit (REMIC)‐destined deals. This first part of the series highlights key issues regarding (1) matters that set the tone for subsequent negotiations by influencing the parties' relative negotiating leverage from early stages of the deal; (2) the extent of and limits on pre‐funding due diligence and (similarly) life‐of‐loan monitoring; (3) the non‐recourse carveouts; (4) transfer restrictions; and (5) bankruptcy remoteness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of surfactants on deformation of falling non‐Newtonian drops in a Newtonian liquid
Authors: Rodrigue Denis
Published: March 2008

Deformation of settling non‐Newtonian ellipsoidal drops in a Newtonian liquid was experimentally observed. Corn oil was used as the Newtonian phase and solutions of polyacrylamide in aqueous glycerine as the non‐Newtonian phase. The shear‐thinning behaviour of the drops fluid was controlled by the amount of polymer dissolved, while the effect of interfacial tension was examined using different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). In the range of 1 < E < 2.9, 0.2 < Eo, < 23, and 0 < Ma < 17.2, drop eccentricity increased linearly with a modified Eötvös number taking into account the effect of surfactants. For the range of experimental conditions tested, drop deformation was mainly controlled by viscous and interfacial tension forces, while shear‐thinning and inertia effects were negligible.
Solids suspension agitation in square tanks
Authors: Mitchell Emily T. , Myers Kevin J. , Janz Eric E. , Fasano Julian B.
Published: March 2008

The Zwietering correlation for the just‐suspended speed has been modified to include baffling and geometric effects (impeller‐to‐tank diameter ratio and impeller off‐bottom clearance) for two impeller types (high‐efficiency and pitched‐blade). Baffles are generally not required when using square tanks although they improve solids suspension performance of pitched‐blade turbines. Comparison of square tank solids suspension to that in a fully baffled cylindrical tank has also been made. Very little difference was observed in the power number, but the just‐suspended speed, torque, and power requirements were higher in the square tank.
Mixing characteristics of irregular binaries in a promoted gas–solid fluidized bed: A mathematical model
Authors: Sahoo A. , Roy G. K.
Published: March 2008

The vertical as well as horizontal dispersion for the gas–solid fluidization has been analyzed in the present work. The fluidization and solids mixing characteristics of large irregular particles (Geldart‐BD type) for both homogeneous and heterogeneous materials (size‐variant and density‐variant respectively) have been investigated in a 15 × 100 cm2 cylindrical column. A theoretical model for concentration of jetsam particles has been developed as a function of height of any layer of particles (measured from the grid) by considering the counterflow of solids and circulation model together with the dispersion model for the vertical and the horizontal displacement of the particles in the fluidized bed. The mixing index at any position in the bed has thereby been expressed as a function of the concentration of the jetsam. The values of mixing index calculated from the above model as well as the experimentally measured ones for both the homogeneous and the heterogeneous systems have been compared with each other. Attempt has also been made to develop correlations for the mixing index using various system parameters based on the dimensional analysis approach for the unpromoted and the promoted beds. The mixing index values thus obtained through the dimensional analysis approach have been compared with those obtained from the developed theoretical model. The values of the mixing index calculated for promoted beds have also been compared with the corresponding values for the unpromoted beds. Segregation effect is found to be stronger for the heterogeneous systems than the homogeneous ones. The density difference is the major factor affecting the segregation.
The first law of thermodynamics and energy partition in the presence of fields
Authors: Zimmels Y.
Published: March 2008

The first law of thermodynamics in the presence of fields is considered. The presence of fields gives rise to partition of the internal energy between field and nonfield energy forms, that are characterized as state functions. Field‐dependent components of work and heat are defined with respect to their being delivered at the boundaries, or directly, by action at a distance, to the contents of the system. Interaction energy, that accounts for effects of changes in the sources of the fields is defined. The first law of thermodynamics in the presence of fields states that the change in the sum of the field and nonfield components, of the internal energy, is equal to the change in the sum of the field and nonfield components of heat and work, delivered to the system, and the interaction energy, due to changes in the sources of the field. The equivalence between potential energy and work in conjugate frames of reference facilitates the incorporation of the interaction energy as part of the field‐dependent internal energy. In this context, the significance of the degree of coupling between the field and the contents of the system, in conjunction with their thermodynamic variables, is discussed. Intensive field‐dependent variables that maintain uniformity, at equilibrium, in the absence as well as in the presence of fields, are defined. In contrast, nonfield and field components of these intensive variables can be nonuniform, and discontinuous across interfaces, at equilibrium. The implication of the theory is illustrated by specific cases that involve electromagnetic and acceleration fields. Energy partition in acceleration fields is shown to depend on mass distribution within the system. A change in position, or in the source of the field produce changes in mass distribution and energy partition. Partition of magnetic and nonmagnetic energy forms, and field‐induced heat flow and energy storage are considered. It is shown that for linear matter, the energy per unit volume stored in the field is invariable with respect to the process and work that produce the field vectors, the balance being stored in other nonfield energy forms. Finally, expressions for field‐induced temperature and energy changes in an ideal magnetizable gas are derived. It is shown that isothermal magnetization produces a shift in the partition between the field and nonfield parts of the internal energy.
Kinetics studies of ketazine formation: Effect of temperature and catalyst concentration
Authors: Kaur Raminder , Machiraju Ramakrishna , Nigam K. D. P.
Published: March 2008

Formation of methyl ethyl ketazine is a distinct case of homogeneous catalyzed gas–liquid–liquid reactions. Kinetics studies of methyl ethyl ketazine formation has been carried out in a semi‐batch reactor. The effects of temperature and catalyst concentration on the percentage yield of ketazine have been studied extensively. The yield of ketazine is found to increase with increase in temperature and then levels off. Increase in catalyst concentration favours the formation of ketazine. The conversion of peroxide is found to increase with increase in temperature thus indicating that chemical reaction is rate‐limiting step in the system. The desired temperature for carrying out the reaction is found to be 60°C and the required catalyst to peroxide ratio is 2.5. The activation energy for the reaction is 24.5 kJ/mol.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Kiewe Philipp , Fischer Lars , Martus Peter , Thiel Eckhard , Korfel Agnieszka
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND.

This retrospective, single‐center study assessed the feasibility, outcome, and late side effects of the treatment of immunocompetent patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) at the authors' institution.

METHODS.

All 72 consecutive patients diagnosed with PCNSL between January 1994 and February 2005 were scheduled to receive high‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX)‐based chemotherapy.

RESULTS.

The median age of the patients was 62 years and the median Karnofsky performance score (KPS) was 70. Twelve patients did not receive HDMTX‐based chemotherapy because of poor physical condition or renal insufficiency. Of the 60 patients treated with HDMTX‐based chemotherapy, the treatment of 9 was followed with whole‐brain irradiation. Of 54 patients who were evaluable for response, 35 (65%) responded (52% with a complete response and 13% with a partial response), and 19 patients (35%) did not. At a median follow‐up of 58.7 months, the median progression‐free survival was 9 months and the median overall survival (OAS) was 41.4 months. According to the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) prognosis score, patients could be divided into 3 groups with significantly different OAS: 52.9 months for patients aged <50 years, 42.4 months for patients aged ≥50 years and with a KPS >70, and 5.2 months for patients aged ≥50 years and with a KPS <70 (P= .009, log‐rank test).

CONCLUSIONS.

Promising long‐term results could be achieved with HDMTX‐based chemotherapy in patients with PCNSL in this monocenter study. The MSKCC score proved useful for predicting survival. Cancer 2008; 112:1812–20. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Establishing treatment benchmarks for mammography‐screened breast cancer population based on a review of evidence‐based clinical guidelines
Authors: Delaney Geoff , Shafiq Jesmin , Chappell Genevieve , Barton Michael
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND.

No benchmarks exist in the screened breast cancer population to establish the optimal proportions of newly detected cancer patients who should receive the ideal treatment. The aim of the study was to estimate the optimal proportion of cases diagnosed in a breast‐screening program who should receive treatment according to evidence‐based cancer treatment guidelines and to compare these optimal rates with actual treatment rates.

METHODS.

Optimal surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy utilization trees were constructed based on indications from evidence‐based treatment guidelines. The proportions with clinical attributes that indicated a possible benefit from a particular treatment were obtained from epidemiologic data from BreastScreen Victoria. The optimal proportions of screen‐detected breast cancer patients who should receive various therapies were then calculated using TreeAge software and compared with the actual proportions obtained from the epidemiologic data.

RESULTS.

According to the best available evidence, the proportion of screen‐detected breast cancer patients who have attributes suitable for various treatments are: breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) 85%, mastectomy 15%, radiotherapy 87%, chemotherapy 34%, and hormonal therapy 68%. The actual BCS utilization rate in Victoria was similar to the optimal rate (79% vs 85%), whereas there appeared to be underuse of radiotherapy (62% vs 87%), chemotherapy (19% vs 34%), and hormonal therapy (49% vs 68%) when compared with guideline recommendations.

CONCLUSIONS.

This research provided optimal treatment utilization rates for screen‐detected breast cancer and a comparison of best practice evidence and actual treatment. The results showed comparable rates for surgery but suggested underutilization of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
An ethical argument in support of interactions between developing world countries and pharmaceutical/biotechnology companies involved in oncology drug development
Authors: Markman Maurie
Published: March 2008

A rational framework is proposed for the conduct of clinical cancer research in the developing world that permits all members of these societies to benefit from the efforts.
CYP1A1, SULT1A1, and SULT1E1 polymorphisms are risk factors for endometrial cancer susceptibility
Authors: Hirata Hiroshi , Hinoda Yuji , Okayama Naoko , Suehiro Yutaka , Kawamoto Ken , Kikuno Nobuyuki , Rabban Joseph T , Chen Lee May , Dahiya Rajvir
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND.

In estrogen biosynthetic pathways, many enzymes are important for metabolism, detoxification, and bioavailability. Polymorphisms in these genes may have an effect on the enzymes' function. For example, higher expression and activation of biosynthetic enzymes and lower expression and activation of conjugation enzymes may lead to high toxicity or carcinogenesis. The authors hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP17, SULT1A1, SULT1E1, and SHBG genes may be risk factors for endometrial cancer.

METHODS.

DNA samples from 150 cases of endometrial cancer and healthy controls (n = 165) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) to determine the genotypic frequency of 13 different polymorphic loci on the CYP1A1 (m1, m2, m3, m4), CYP1A2 1F, CYP1B1 codon432, COMT codon158, CYP17, SULT1A1 (Arg213His, 14A/G, 85C/T in the 3′ flanking region), SULT1E1‐64G/A promoter region, and SHBG genes. Genotyping was validated by direct DNA sequencing. The authors also investigated the relation between expression of CYP1A1 in endometrial cancer tissues and genotypes of CYP1A1 m1.

RESULTS.

A decreased frequency of TC + CC genotype of the CYP1A1 m1 (T/C) polymorphism was observed in endometrial cancer patients compared with controls (OR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27–0.69). The T‐A haplotype of CYP1A1 m1 and m2 was increased in endometrial cancer patients (P = .017). The frequency of CYP1A1 m1 T/C + C/C was higher in a high CYP1A1 expression group (P = .009). The authors also found that individuals carrying the variants of SULT1A1 codon213 and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3′ flanking region (14A/G and 85C/T) had an increased risk for endometrial cancer. The frequencies of G‐A‐C and A‐G‐T haplotypes of these 3 variants were higher in endometrial cancer patients (P < .0001; P = .0002). In addition, the frequency of combined genotypes (SULT1A1 213 GA + AA and CYP1A1 m1 TT) was higher in endometrial cancer patients. (OR, 4.58; 95% CI, 2.35–8.93).

CONCLUSIONS.

This is the first report on the combined association of CYP1A1 and SULT gene polymorphisms in endometrial cancer that suggests a decreased single nucleotide polymorphism of CYP1A1 and an increased single nucleotide polymorphism for SULT1A1 and SULT1E1 genes may be risk factors for endometrial cancer in Caucasians. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Phase II study of topotecan in combination with dexamethasone, asparaginase, and vincristine in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first relapse
Authors: Hijiya Nobuko , Stewart Clinton F. , Zhou Yinmei , Campana Dario , Coustan‐Smith Elaine , Rivera Gaston K. , Relling Mary V. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Gajjar Amar
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND.

The authors evaluated the response rate, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of topotecan given before standard induction therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first relapse.

METHODS.

Patients received topotecan (2.4 mg/m2daily as a 30‐minute infusion) for 5 days before induction therapy with dexamethasone, vincristine, and asparaginase (native or pegylatedEscherichia coli). The pharmacokinetics of topotecan were measured with the first dose of treatment in 23 patients.

RESULTS.

Twenty‐eight of 31 patients with circulating blast cells were evaluable for response to topotecan. Twenty‐five patients (89.3%) had a response (>25% decrease in circulating blast cells). The leukocyte count (P= .0001) and blast cell count (P= .0009) declined significantly during topotecan therapy. The median (range) topotecan lactone area under the concentration‐time curve after the first dose was 85.4 L/hour/m2(range, 38.7–229.3 L/hour/m2). At the end of induction, 23 patients (74.2%) had a complete response, 1 patient (3.2%) had a partial response, 5 patients (16.1%) had no response, and 2 patients had died of infection. Six of the 17 patients who were studied for minimal residual disease (MRD) achieved MRD‐negative status at the end of induction. The main toxicities were hematologic, gastrointestinal, and hepatic. The estimated 5‐year survival rate, event‐free survival rate, and cumulative incidence of second relapse were 24.1% ± 7.9%, 18.2% ± 7.4%, and 22.8% ± 8.7%, respectively, in the 29 patients who had a hematologic first relapse.

CONCLUSIONS.

A regimen comprising single‐agent topotecan given with a standard 3‐drug combination was effective in inducing remission in pediatric patients with relapsed ALL and was tolerated well. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Adjuvant high‐dose interferon for cutaneous melanoma is most beneficial for patients with early stage III disease
Authors: Anaya Daniel A. , Xing Yan , Feng Lei , Huang Xuelin , Camacho Luis H. , Ross Merrick I. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Mansfield Paul F. , Cormier Janice N.
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND.

Evidence from randomized trials in the pre‐sentinel lymph node biopsy era indicate that adjuvant treatment with high‐dose interferon‐α (IFN) increases recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in patients with high‐risk melanoma. However, to the authors' knowledge, the role of this treatment in selected patients with early stage III disease has not been well studied.

METHODS.

The clinical and pathologic characteristics of 486 patients undergoing surgical treatment for stage III melanoma were evaluated and the authors compared outcomes for those given adjuvant treatment with IFN with those patients who had surgery alone. A particular focus was on the effect of IFN therapy on RFS and overall survival (OS) among those patients with stage IIIA disease.

RESULTS.

The median follow‐up for the entire cohort was 5.2 years; the 5‐year RFS and OS rates for the entire group were 41% and 53%, respectively. Adjuvant IFN was given to 141 patients (29%). On multivariate analysis, IFN was found to be the only independent predictor for RFS in patients with stage IIIA disease (hazards ratio of 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–0.9 [P = .02]). IFN was not found to be associated with increased RFS in patients with more advanced lymph node disease (stage IIIB and stage IIIC). IFN appeared to have no effect on OS in any patient with stage III disease.

CONCLUSIONS.

Adjuvant treatment with IFN improves RFS in melanoma patients with early stage III disease. The results of the current study should help guide management when considering adjuvant treatment for these patients. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Isolation of an Intermediate in the Platination of p‐Nitroacetophenone 4‐Methylthiosemicarbazone: Potential Application as an Antitumor Drug (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 8/2008)
Authors: Quiroga Adoración G. , Cubo Leticia , Miguel Pablo J. Sanz , Moneo Victoria , Carnero Amancio , Navarro‐Ranninger Carmen
Published: March 2008

The cover picture shows the crystal structure of a novel intermediate in the p‐nitroacetophenone 4‐methylthiosemicarbazone platination, [PtL1(L1H2)], with potential application as an antitumoral drug. The complex is above an NCI‐H460 cell culture background labelled to discriminate between live and dead cells by confocal microscopy. Details are discussed in the Short Communication by A. G. Quiroga et al. on p. 1183 ff.
Recent Progress in Diazirine‐Based Photoaffinity Labeling
Authors: Hashimoto Makoto , Hatanaka Yasumaru
Published: March 2008

As a result of recent developments in molecular biology, the investigation of biofunctional machinery at ligand‐accepting interfaces has become one of the challenging and important subjects in the post‐genome field. The technique of photoaffinity labeling has become increasingly appreciated as a powerful methodology for this purpose. This microreviewfocuses on the synthesis of 3‐phenyl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)diazirine, one of the most promising photophores, and its application to biomolecules.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Chromium‐Thiophene‐salen‐Based Polymers for Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Zulauf Anaïs , Mellah Mohamed , Guillot Régis , Schulz Emmanuelle
Published: March 2008

New chiral thiophene‐salen ligands have been synthesized and the corresponding chromium complexes proved to beefficient catalysts for promoting asymmetric hetero‐Diels–Alder reactions with good activities and high enantioselectivities (up to 88 % ee). These complexes were successfully electropolymerized to give chiral polymers as insoluble powders for use in asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis. When engaged in successive hetero‐Diels–Alder reactions, they afforded the expected products in high yield and enantioselectivity showing no loss of efficiency for up to 15 cycles. A chiral chromium‐salen‐thiophene polymer was also successfully used in a multi‐substrate procedure in which a new, structurally different aldehyde was introduced for each reuse to afford the desired pyranone in its pure form. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Biostratigraphic zonation and correlation of Mississippian rocks in Western Europe: some case studies in the late Viséan/Serpukhovian
Authors: Somerville Ian D.
Published: March 2008

In the Mississippian in Western Europe, biostratigraphic zonation and correlation of sequences has been refined using a combination of faunal and floral groups. In deep‐water basins and on shelves advances have been made in recognizing evolutionary lineages of conodonts, particularly in the early Viséan to Serpukhovian, for example theGnathodus praebilineatus ‐ G. bilineatus bilineatus ‐ G. bilineatus bollandensislineage, which is closely tied to ammonoid zones in the Culm facies of Western and Central Europe, and theLochriea saharae ‐ L. commutata ‐ L. nodosa ‐ L. zieglerilineage. Moreover, progress has been made in recognizing the Upper Viséan/Serpukhovian boundary, based on the first appearance datum (FAD) ofLochriea ziegleri.

Greater precision in the dating and correlation of shallow‐water platform facies has been achieved using foraminiferans. Although evolutionary developments in the Archaediscidae are still of major importance in terms of biostratigraphic dating, alternative lineages have been proposed recently for the late Asbian/Brigantian (late Viséan) interval, involving theCribrospira ‐ Bradyina ‐ Parajanischewskina ‐ Janischewskinalineage. These large cribrate complexed‐walled forms are widely recognized throughout Western Europe. The base of the Viséan has recently been defined in South China using foraminiferans with the FAD ofEoparastaffella simplexin the lineageEoparastaffella ovalis ‐ E. simplex. The same criterion has been used to define the base of the Viséan (base of emended Moliniacian) in Belgium.

Recent studies in Britain, Ireland, France, Spain and Poland have demonstrated that in the Upper Viséan many calcareous algal taxa and problematica are widespread in their distribution throughout the western Palaeotethys Realm. Moreover, five algal assemblages can be distinguished, based either on the first appearance of certain taxa or their acme developments, such asFalsocalcifolium punctatumandCalcifolium okense. In addition, there have been new discoveries in the Brigantian and Serpukhovian of algal taxa and problematica such asArchaeolithophyllum, ParaepimastoporaandClaracrustathat were regarded previously as being restricted to the Pennsylvanian‐Permian interval.

Advances in rugose coral biostratigraphy have also been made in the upper Tournaisian and Upper Viséan, particularly using dissepimented taxa which occur in shallow‐water platforms. The presence of uraliniids andKeyserlingophyllumin the upper Tournaisian of Western Europe (Belgium) are also recognized in South China and Siberia. In the Upper Viséan, refinements in zonation have been made using well‐defined colonial and solitary species and species groups belonging to the families Lithostrotionidae and Axophyllidae and solitary taxa of the families Aulophyllidae and Cyathopsidae which are recognized throughout the western Palaeotethys. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kaolin: A recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 1,5‐benzodiazepines
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Derikvand Fatemeh , Ranjbar Leila , Oskooie Hossein A.
Published: March 2008

2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines are synthesized by the condensation of o‐phenylenediamine and various ketones in the presence of kaolin as a recyclable catalyst in dichloroethane. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:215–217, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20354
Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of phosphorylated/thiophosphorylated compounds of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles
Authors: Pareek Sonu , Vyas Sushma , Seth G. , Vyas P. C.
Published: March 2008

A series of phosphorylated and thiophosphorylated compounds of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles have been synthesized by the reaction of POCl3 and PSCl3 with 2‐substituted benzimidazoles in different molar ratios. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, infrared, and 1H NMR and 31P NMR spectral studies. These compounds were found to be insecticidal when tested against Periplenata americana. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:154–157, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20385
Efficient synthesis of 5H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines from reactions of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐thiones with α‐bromoacetone in aqueous media
Authors: Quan Zheng‐Jun , Zhang Zhang , Wang Jun‐Ke , Wang Xi‐Cun , Liu Ya‐Juan , Ji Peng‐Yan
Published: March 2008

An efficient and convenient method for thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines from cyclization reaction of dihydropyrimidine‐thiones with α‐bromoacetone in aqueous media is described. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:149–153, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20386
Synthesis of cyclic aminomethylphosphonates and aminomethyl‐arylphosphinic acids by an efficient microwave‐mediated phospha‐mannich approach
Authors: Keglevich György , Szekrényi Anna , Sipos Melinda , Ludányi Krisztina , Greiner István
Published: March 2008

Microwave‐assisted condensation of 1,3,‐2‐dioxaphosphinane 2‐oxide (1), paraformaldehyde and secondary amines including 5‐ and 6‐membered N‐heterocycles at 55°C gave cyclic aminomethylphosphonates (2), whereas an analogous reaction involving dibenzo[c.e][1,2]oxaphosphinane 2‐oxide (3) resulted in the corresponding aminomethyl‐2‐(2′‐hydroxybiphenyl)phosphinic acids (4) as a consequence of a hydrolytic ring opening following the condensation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:207–210, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20387
Syntheses of 1‐thio‐D‐xylose and D‐ribose esters of diorganoarsinous acids and their anticancer activity
Authors: Gao Mingzhang , Chen Yiwen , Tan Songde , Reibenspies Joseph H. , Zingaro Ralph A.
Published: March 2008

Several thio‐D‐xylose and D‐ribose esters of dialkylarsinous acids have been synthesized. The crystal structure of 1‐S‐dimethylarsino‐β‐D‐xylopyranose, 7a, has been obtained. Growth inhibition studies of about 60 strains of human cancer cells have been obtained in vitro for compounds 6a, 7a, 13, and 14. The results reveal that these compounds display a strong inhibition to subpanels of leukemia cells in vitro and high selectivity in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:199–206, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20388
Sulfamic acid as efficient and reusable catalytic system for the synthesis of pyrrole, furan, and thiophene derivatives
Authors: Luo Haitang , Kang Yuru , Li Qi , Yang Liming
Published: March 2008

Sulfamic acid has been utilized for the first time as an efficient and reusable catalytic system for the synthesis of heteroaromatics such as pyrrole, furan, and thiophene derivatives from 1,4‐diketones. This new procedure offers significant improvements in the reaction rates and yields in a shorter reaction time and a lower reaction temperature contrasted with the reported results. The recovered catalyst can be reused for subsequent runs with only a gradual decrease in activity. The most important feature is that the reaction process is homogeneous whereas the separation process is heterogeneous, which is often seen in other catalysts, and so it is a good character for technical application. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:144–148, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20389
Synthesis and structure of complexes of phosphorus pentachloride with 4‐dimethylaminopyridine and n‐methylimidazole
Authors: Pipko Sergey E. , Bezgubenko Ludmila V. , Sinitsa Anatoliy D. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Kapustin Evgeniy G. , Povolotskii Mark I. , Shvadchak Volodymyr V.
Published: March 2008

Complexes of phosphorus pentachloride with 4‐dimethylaminopyridine and N‐methylimidazole were synthesized. The molecular structure of the phosphorus pentachloride complex with N‐methylimidazole was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the cationic part of the complex, the phosphorus atom possesses four PCl bonds within the range 2.109–2.148 Å and two cis‐P–N bonds (1.811 and 1.832 Å) with N‐methylimidazole and exhibits slightly distorted octahedral coordination with angles at phosphorus atom in the range 87.57°–91.50°. The relative stability of the cis and trans conformations of the complex was studied by DFT calculations. The chemical properties and reactivity of the compounds obtained are determined; their utility as condensing agents in the synthesis of amides from acids and amines was shown. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:171–177, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20392
Stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes containing (Z)‐allylthio units from the acetates of Baylis–Hillman adducts
Authors: Liu Yunkui , Xu Danqian , Xu Zhenyuan , Zhang Yongmin
Published: March 2008

A series of trisubstituted alkenes containing (Z)‐allylthio moieties as key structural units, that is, sodium (Z)‐allyl thiosulfates, symmetrical di(Z‐allyl) sulfides, and di(Z‐allyl) disulfides, unsymmetrical diallyl sulfides were prepared in moderate to good yields via chemical transformations from the acetates of Baylis‐‐Hillman adducts. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:188–198, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20394
1,3,6‐Azadiphosphacycloheptanes: A novel type of heterocyclic diphosphines
Authors: Karasik Andrey A. , Balueva Anna S. , Moussina Elvira I. , Naumov Roman N. , Dobrynin Alexey B. , Krivolapov Dmitry B. , Litvinov Igor A. , Sinyashin Oleg G.
Published: March 2008

The novel type of seven‐membered cyclic diphosphines, namely 1,3,6‐azadiphosphacycloheptanes, has been synthesized by condensation of 1,2‐bis(phenylphosphino)ethane, formaldehyde, and primary amines (aniline,p‐toluidine, benzylamine, and 5‐aminoisophthalic acid) as a mixture of rac‐ and meso‐stereoisomers. The structures of rac‐stereoisomers ofN‐tolyl andN‐(3′,5′‐dicarboxyphenyl)‐substituted diphosphines were investigated by X‐ray crystal structure analyses. The stereoisomers ofN‐(3′,5′‐dicarboxyphenyl)‐substituted compound were separated at a preparative scale, and their platinum(II) dichloride complexes were obtained. The corresponding meso‐isomer readily formsP,P‐chelate complex with [PtCl2(cod)], whereas the rac‐stereoisomer forms oligomeric complex. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:125–132, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20397
Facile synthesis of selenocarboxamides from nitriles using Se/CO/H2O under atmospheric pressure
Authors: Chen Yahong , Tian Fengshou , Song Maoping , Lu Shiwei
Published: March 2008

Aromatic and aliphatic nitriles can be conveniently converted into the corresponding selenocarboxamides with Se/CO/H2O under atmospheric pressure without use of a base. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:211–214, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20398
Synthesis of 1‐(phenylsulfanyl/phenoxy)‐3H‐naptho[1,2,3‐de]quinoline‐2,7‐diones
Authors: Etukala Jagan Reddy , Yadav J. S.
Published: March 2008

A convenient method is devised to synthesize 1‐(phenylsulfanyl/phenoxy)‐3H‐naptho[1,2,3‐de]quinoline‐2,7‐dione analogs in high yield for the first time by condensation of 2‐bromo‐N‐(9,10‐dixo‐dihydro‐anthracen‐1‐yl)‐acetamide with benzenethiol/phenol using potassium carbonate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:221–227, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20399
MnCl2‐Promoted synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives at room temperature
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Bakhtiari Khadijeh , Oskooie Hossein A. , Taheri Shima
Published: March 2008

MnCl2 efficiently catalyzes the condensation of o‐phenylenediamine derivatives with 1,2‐diketones at room temperature to afford the corresponding quinoxaline derivatives in high yields. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:218–220, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20401
Novel routes to aminophosphonic acids: Interaction of dimethyl H‐phosphonate with hydroxyalkyl carbamates
Authors: Troev K. , Koseva N. , Hägele G.
Published: March 2008

It was found that the reaction of dimethyl H‐phosphonate (1) with 2‐hydroxyalkyl‐N‐2′‐hydroxyalkyl carbamates at 135°C includes several chemical reaction steps: (i) chemical transformations of 1‐methyl‐2‐hydroxyethyl‐N‐2′‐hydroxyethyl carbamate (2) and 2‐methyl‐2‐hydroxyethyl‐N‐2′‐hydroxyethyl carbamate (3); (ii) transesterification of dimethyl H‐phosphonate with 2 and 3, and with secondary hydroxyl‐containing compounds that are formed during the course of the chemical transformation of 2‐hydroxyalkyl‐N‐2′‐hydroxyalkyl carbamates; (iii) hydrolysis of 1 and dialkyl H‐phosphonates, formed via transesterification of 1 with secondary hydroxyl‐containing compounds. The interaction was studied by means of 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, and FAB mass spectroscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:119–124, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20404
Dopamine receptor D3 genotype association with greater acute positive symptom remission with olanzapine therapy in predominately caucasian patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Adams David H. , Close Sandra , Farmen Mark , Downing AnnCatherine M. , Breier Alan , Houston John P.
Published: March 2008

Objective

To test association of dopamine receptor D3 (DRD‐3) gene polymorphisms with olanzapine response in genetic samples from a registration phase clinical trial.

Methods

Eighty‐eight acutely ill patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were genotyped for ser‐9‐gly (rs6280) and 23 other polymorphisms within the DRD‐3 gene. Allelic association of clinical response (mean baseline‐ to‐endpoint reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] total and subscores) over 6 weeks of olanzapine treatment was assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results

Ser‐9‐gly genotypes were associated with differences in PANSS total score improvement from baseline to 6 weeks (p = 0.021). This association was most notable for improvement in positive symptoms (p = 0.0001), with patients with gly/gly genotype significantly more responsive. More patients with the gly/gly genotype had greater positive symptom remission (endpoint rating of minimal or none on all PANSS positive items, 39.1%) compared with patients with gly/ser and ser/ser genotypes (13.8%;p = 0.033). DRD‐3 polymorphisms in disequilibrium with ser‐9‐gly were also significantly associated with greater positive symptom improvement (p = 0.0009–0.021), and one not in complete linkage disequilibrium, with lesser improvement (p = 0.027).

Conclusions

Gly/gly DRD‐3 genotype predicted statistically and clinically significantly better acute positive symptom reduction compared with other ser‐9‐gly genotypes in patients treated with olanzapine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear laser imaging of skin lesions
Authors: Cicchi R. , Sestini S. , De Giorgi V. , Massi D. , Lotti T. , Pavone F. S.
Published: March 2008

We investigated different kinds of human ex‐vivo skin samples by combined two‐photon intrinsic fluorescence (TPE), second‐harmonic generation microscopy (SHG), fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and multispectral two‐photon emission detection (MTPE). Morphological and spectroscopic differences were found between healthy and pathological skin samples, including tumors. In particular, we examined tissue samples from normal and pathological scar tissue (keloid), and skin tumors, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and malignant melanoma (MM). By using combined TPE‐SHG microscopy we investigated morphological features of different skin regions. Further comparative analysis of healthy skin and neoplastic samples was performed using FLIM, and MTPE. Finally, we demonstrated the use of methyl‐aminolevulinate as a contrast agent to increase the contrast in BCC border detection. The results obtained represent further support for in‐vivo noninvasive imaging of diseased skin. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phenotypic variations of TRAIL sensitivity in cloned populations of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Cross N.A. , Waterman E.A. , Jokonya N. , Fowles A. , Buckle C.H. , Phillips J. , Holen I. , Hamdy F.C. , Eaton C.L.
Published: March 2008

Factors that regulate the induction of apoptosis of tumour cells are potential candidates for therapeutic intervention for the majority of cancers. Studying modifiers of apoptotic responses, such as members of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily, may give clues as to how induction of apoptosis in tumours could be maximized to enhance the benefit of treatment regimes. Tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti‐tumour molecule since its activity is specific for tumour cell populations. TRAIL binds to death receptors, inducing apoptosis in susceptible cells. The mechanisms which determine whether tumour cells are susceptible to TRAIL are unclear, and several mechanisms have been proposed, including expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), decoy receptors, and factors that affect intracellular signalling of pro‐apoptotic molecules, such as c‐FLIP. Here we show that experiments to modulate the activity of one of these factors, OPG, by over‐expression and also by stable knockdown of OPG expression, alters the TRAIL sensitivity of PC3 prostate cancer cells. However we show that some observed effects, which appear to support the hypothesis that OPG prevents TRAIL‐induced apoptosis of tumour cells, may be due to variation of the TRAIL response of sub‐clones of tumour cells, even within a cloned population. These results highlight potential limitations of experiments designed to test contribution of factors affecting intrinsic apoptosis susceptibility using cloned tumour cell populations. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1452–1464, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On a question of Sós about 3‐uniform friendship hypergraphs
Authors: Hartke Stephen G. , Vandenbussche Jennifer
Published: March 2008

The well‐known Friendship Theorem states that if G is a graph in which every pair of vertices has exactly one common neighbor, then G has a single vertex joined to all others (a “universal friend”). V. Sós defined an analogous friendship property for 3‐uniform hypergraphs, and gave a construction satisfying the friendship property that has a universal friend. We present new 3‐uniform hypergraphs on 8, 16, and 32 vertices that satisfy the friendship property without containing a universal friend. We also prove that if n ≤ 10 and n ≠ 8, then there are no friendship hypergraphs on n vertices without a universal friend. These results were obtained by computer search using integer programming. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 253–261, 2008
High resolution microscopic survey of third metacarpal articular calcified cartilage and subchondral bone in the juvenile horse: Possible implications in chondro‐osseous disease
Authors: Boyde Alan , Firth Elwyn C.
Published: March 2008

The aim was to survey articular calcified cartilage (ACC) and subchondral bone in the palmar and dorsal regions of the condyles of the third metacarpal bone (Mc3) of young horses with minimal or no signs of musculo‐skeletal abnormality. Back‐scattered electron scanning electron microscopy (BSE SEM) was conducted on polymethyl methacrylate‐embedded mediolateral slices and macerated wedges of the right distal Mc3 from seven each of trained and untrained 2‐year‐old Thoroughbred horses. Furrows or grooves visible to the naked eye in the mineralizing front (MF) of ACC are the commonest “lesion” and are most common in the palmar portions of the medial and lateral condylar grooves. Cracks running predominantly in the parasagittal plane that infill with hypercalcified matrix are found in the same domain. Common to all these defects are deficiencies or absence of the ACC MF. Other anomalies include local excrescences or depressed areas of the MF. More important condylar lesions show displaced fragmented hypermineralized ACC with underlying excess resorption in the bone domain, leaving a thin ACC layer with cavernous space beneath it. The fragments may dislodge and displace to the joint space. Obvious although small lesions are present in horses that have undertaken little or no training. The nature and sites of the lesions indicate that they are possibly the earliest morphological evidence of changes that may lead to specific joint abnormalities. The lesions appear unlikely to be solely due to functional traumatic forces, and developmental influences are likely to be important in their initiation. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New method to determine the total carbonyl functional group content in extractable particulate organic matter by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Dron J. , Zheng W. , Marchand N. , Wortham H.
Published: March 2008

A functional group analysis method was developed to determine the quantitative content of carbonyl functional groups in atmospheric particulate organic matter (POM) using constant neutral loss scanning–tandem mass spectrometry (CNLS–MS/MS). The neutral loss method consists in monitoring the loss of a neutral fragment produced by the fragmentation of a precursor ion in a collision cell. The only ions detected are the daughter ions resulting from the loss of the neutral fragment under study. Then, scanning the loss of a neutral fragment characteristic of a functional group enables the selective detection of the compounds bearing the chemical function under study within a complex mixture. The selective detection of carbonyl functional groups was achieved after derivatization with pentafluorophenylhydrazine (PFPH) by monitoring the neutral loss of C6F5N (181 amu), which was characteristic of a large panel of derivatized carbonyl compounds. The method was tested on 25 reference mixtures of different composition, all containing 24 carbonyl compounds at randomly determined concentrations. The repeatability and calibration tests were satisfying as they resulted in a relative standard deviation below 5% and a linear range between 0.01 and 0.65 mM with a calculated detection limit of 0.0035 mM. Also, the relative deviation induced by changing the composition of the mixture while keeping the total concentration of carbonyl functional groups constant was less than 20%. These reliability experiments demonstrate the high robustness of the developed procedure for accurate carbonyl functional group measurement, which was applied to atmospheric POM samples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.