bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency Domain Wave Equation Inversion and Its Application on the Heterogeneous Reservoir Model Data
Authors: Tang Zhiyuan
Published: December 2016

Seismic full waveform inversion seeks to make use of the full information based on full wave field modeling to extract quantitative information from seismograms. Its serious nonlinearity and high dependence on initial velocity model often results in unsatisfactory inversion results in paleo-karsts carbonate reservoir characterized by strong heterogeneity. The paper presents an improved strategy of multi-scale inversion to establish velocity field model of waveform tomography. the forward wave equation algorithm was derived in frequency domain, and then the Matrix formalism for the iterative inverse methods is derived by gradient methods to speed up calculation and to avoid convergence to local minimum value. After massive amount of frequencies tests, the appropriate bandwidth are extracted, and the velocity field calculated at low frequency is used as the input of the high frequency. After the iteration, the accurate velocity field is inverted. Finally, frequency domain wave equation full waveform inversion in mathematical and physical models is conducted in order to verify the inverse program. The method of selecting the inverse frequencies is proved to be effective.
Policy-Induced Expansion of Solar and Wind Power Capacity: Economic Growth and Employment in EU Countries
Authors: Jaraite Jurate , Karimu Amin , Kazukauskas Andrius
Published: December 2016

Given the intensifying debates on whether governments should promote particular renewable energy technologies, the main objective of this study is to investigate the long- and short-run effects of policy-induced expansion of renewable solar and wind technologies on economic growth and employment in 15 European Union (EU) member states during 1990-2013 by using panel-data time-series econometric techniques. Instead of relying on renewable energy consumption or generation as commonly done in the literature, we focus on the capacity for solar and wind power generation, which is largely a consequence of the EU’s renewable energy policies. In summary, we find that, to date, renewable energy policy- induced wind and solar power capacity promotes growth and/or employment in the short run, but these capacity increases do not stimulate economic growth in the long run in the EU-15 region. In fact, our results tend to support the opposite relationship: increases in wind and solar power capacity are associated with negative economic growth, at least at the total economy level.
Increasing the effectiveness of knowledge transfer activities and training of the forestry workforce with marteloscopes
Authors: Soucy Michel , Adégbidi Hector Guy , Spinelli Raffaele , Béland Martin
Published: December 2016

Sample plots of various sizes and forms are put in place to describe and monitor trees, stands or forest characteristics. The intent is usually to provide the basis for measuring and understanding the forest. Marteloscopes, by contrast, are large plots designed for tree marking simulations, set up with human beings as the main focus: they are used for knowledge transfer activities, training of various categories of forestry workers, and even for the study of human tree selection behaviors. This distinctive type of permanent plot is relatively new and unfamiliar to North America’s forestry professionals. In this paper, we provide a working definition of marteloscopes and demonstrate how they can significantly improve knowledge exchange and learning experiences, notably for complex decisions on partial cutting treatments. Potential uses of marteloscopes, their benefits as well as some of the challenges they bring are discussed in the presentation of selected examples from Canada, the United States and Italy. These examples cover uses by research agencies, universities and nonprofit organizations. Finally, we discuss ongoing developments for marteloscopes, the standardization of protocols and the potential benefits of linking marteloscopes into an international network, as more of them are put in place in diverse and unique forest settings.
Knowledge Exchange in the Canadian Wood Fibre Centre: National scope with regional delivery
Authors: D’Eon Steve , MacAfee Katalijn
Published: December 2016

Since its inception in 2006, the Canadian Wood Fibre Centre (CWFC), a branch of Natural Resources Canada’s Canadian Forest Service, has placed an emphasis on Knowledge Exchange (KE). KE at the CWFC has followed a progression from raising awareness, to generating interest, through to providing support for those deciding to adopt an innovation. Designing a program of national scope with regional delivery has led the CWFC to partner with different regional delivery organizations. Across Canada, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) based Enhanced Forest Inventory has become a very successful innovation spearheaded by the CWFC in partnership with academia, the forest industry, and a growing consulting sector. The KE program for LiDAR based Enhanced Forest Inventory is used as an example to illustrate the CWFC’s KE methods along with a description of regional delivery agencies and the success in getting this innovation adopted.
Relationships between understory vegetation and hybrid poplar growth and size in an operational plantation
Authors: Grenke Jessica S. J. , Macdonald S. Ellen , Thomas Barb R. , Moore Carly A. , Bork Edward W.
Published: December 2016

The effect of varying composition and abundance of neighbouring herbaceous vegetation on tree growth in commercial hybrid poplar plantations remains unclear. We evaluated relationships between tree stem volume, volume increment, and the abundance of various growth forms (perennial grasses, legumes, and perennial forbs excluding legumes) adjacent to the tree base in four-year-old plantation trees under conditions protected from ungulate herbivory. Associations between tree metrics and the understory revealed that perennial grasses consistently reduced tree size and current annual volume growth, and the negative effects of grasses were made worse by increasing legume cover. Under little to no perennial grass cover however, the presence of legumes had a positive impact on tree size and growth, suggesting net facilitative versus competitive effects. The pesence of forbs other than legumes led to no apparent competitive effects after four years, and may instead signify the absence of more competitive understory vegetation, particularly grasses. While final modelled relationships showed that the understory accounted for a limited amount of variance in tree volume (R2=0.10) and volume increment (R2=0.09) in four-year-old trees, these results nevertheless have implications for the development of silvicultural prescriptions targeting understory vegetation in order to maximize commercial hybrid poplar plantation yields.
Vertical and seasonal variations in soil CO2 production in a 55-year-old oriental arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis) plantation in China
Authors: Fan Zhiping , Tu Zhihua , Qin Yanbin , Li Fayun
Published: December 2016

The aim of this work was to explore the vertical and seasonal variations of CO2 within the soil profile based on Fick’s law of diffusion in an oriental arborvitae plantation. We continuously measured the soil CO2 concentration profile using CO2 sensors buried at different depths in a coniferous forest in northern China and calculated the CO2 flux based on the profile measurements using a dynamic model. The diurnal pattern of CO2 concentration and flux fluctuated during the day and varied less at night. The CO2 profile had a vertical gradient, with the highest concentrations in the deepest soil layers. The CO2 flux had a clear seasonal pattern with a maximum in summer and a minimum in winter. The contributions of the H, A, B, and C horizons to the total CO2 flux were 75.38, 13.52, 7.61, and 3.49%, respectively. Q10 was 2.668, 4.469, 1.175, and 3.333 in the H, A, B, and C horizons, respectively. The CO2 flux determined from the concentration profiles agreed well with the CO2 flux measured by open dynamic chambers, suggesting that this model could be used to successfully measure soil CO2 emissions and to describe the processes underlying CO2 efflux.
Perspectives on implementing certification on Crown forest: The case of Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Fox C. , van Zyll de Jong M. , Hearn B. , Moores L. , Foley P. , Harris D.
Published: December 2016

This paper makes empirical and practical contributions to answering the question of how public and private forestry stakeholders can effectively interact in the management of the forestry sector, through an evaluation of government and industry perspectives on implementing forest certification on unalienated Crown lands in Newfoundland and Labrador. In order to evaluate the possibility and practicality of implementing certification, this study surveyed forestry stakeholders from the provincial forest service, pulp and paper industry and sawmill/product industry to discover their views on this topic and determine whether they share complementary forest certification goals. Overall, the majority of respondents agreed that certification should be pursued and favoured a joint government-industry approach to leading and financing this initiative.
Hellenic references in Edgar Allan Poe’s critique on contemporary society
Authors: Tsokanos Dimitrios
Published: December 2016

Edgar Allan Poe’s bicentenary triggered new translations and research on his life and works. Studies have been conducted by several noteworthy scholars such as Silverman (1991) and Peeples (1998 and 2004) indicating that the selected tales in this essay are Poe’s political message to the society of his time. The presence of Latin and Hellenic phrases and names in Poe’s critique has been indicated in the past. However, despite the existence of numerous analyses with respect to the Latin motifs in Poe’s narratives, even in Lois Vines’ Poe Abroad (1999) there has been no research dedicated to the apparent presence of Hellenic references in Poe’s works. Moreover, a methodic study devoted to the presence of the Hellenic domain in Poe’s storytelling has never been undertaken. Presenting promismcging evidence for an extensive study, I aim to delve into these references and identify the reasons why Poe turned to Greece as a source of inspiration.
“Straight out of the button-molder’s own ladle”: On the complexity of characters in Arthur Koestler’s Thieves in the Night
Authors: Vernyik Zénó
Published: December 2016

This paper discusses the complexity of female and Arab characters in Arthur Koestler’s Thieves in the Night. Through an analysis of three main characters (Dina, Ellen and the Mukhtar of Kfar Tabiyeh) and several minor ones, it shows that the allegation of contemporary reviews, and some works on Arthur Koestler ever since, that the novel is excessively built on stock characters is untenable. In fact, the representation of women and Arabs is both specific and detailed, in addition to the fact that these characters show a clearly detectable line of development, even if their initial presentation might in some cases be reminiscent of Petrarchan or other types.
Cognitive implications of nominalizations in the advancement of scientific discourse
Authors: Bello Iria
Published: December 2016

Nominalizations are well-known features of scientific writing. Scholars have been intrigued by their form and by their functions. While these features have been widely studied, the cognitive side of nominalizations in scientific texts still needs further attention. Nominalizations contribute to the advancement of discourse and at the same time add abstraction to the processes they convey and make them become more reified in the eyes of the reader. They are not mere verbal transformations as they change completely the cognitive configuration of the process they express. With examples retrieved from the astronomy subcorpus (CETA, 2012) of the Coruña Corpus the aim is to study nominalizations in the interface between cognition and language. The ultimate goal is to complement all the theoretical-descriptive studies on the topic by approaching the cognitive dimension and build a bridge for studies on the production and understanding of English scientific register.
European Visitors in Native Spaces: Using Paleography to Investigate Early Religious Dynamics in the New World
Authors: Samson Alice V. M. , Cooper Jago , Caamaño-Dones Josué
Published: December 2016

Recent archaeological fieldwork on Isla de Mona in the Caribbean has led to the discovery of a substantial corpus of early colonial inscriptions inside the darkzone of one of the 200 cave systems on the island. Cave 18, like multiple others on Isla de Mona, was a well-established indigenous spiritual realm in the centuries leading up to European colonization. Christian symbols, individual names, written dates, and Spanish and Latin religious commentaries are located in direct association with preexisting indigenous iconography and activities. This paper applies paleographic (handwriting) analysis to establish the authenticity, authorship, and chronology of the inscriptions and to interpret the nature of this early spiritual encounter. We conclude that these sixteenth-century inscriptions represent visits to the cave by first-generation Europeans, including Spanish royal officials in Puerto Rico, and reflect their reactions to native religious landscapes. The inscriptions on Isla de Mona capture personal, face-to-face encounters with native religion and represent Christian commentaries and reactions to indigenous spaces and worldview in the early colonial period.
Llamas on the Land: Production and Consumption of Meat at Chavín de Huántar, Peru
Authors: Rosenfeld Silvana A. , Sayre Matthew P.
Published: December 2016

Chavín de Huántar is a Formative-period site (broadly 1500–200 B.C.) in the Peruvian Andes known for its highly complex art and monumental architecture. Recent excavations in the La Banda sector uncovered domestic settlements. The zooarchaeological analysis demonstrates that meat was locally produced and many bone tools were manufactured in this sector. These results contrast with previous faunal analysis from other parts of the site in which it was argued that dry camelid meat on the bone (ch’arki) was traded in exchange for local crops. The local economy of Chavín de Huántar was complex, showing different economic strategies across the site. While there is abundant evidence for the trade of lightweight exotic goods at the site (seashells, marine bone, obsidian, and cinnabar), the subsistence economy was locally focused.
El Cuy (CaviaSp.), Un Recurso Alimenticio Clave en Aguazuque, Un Sitio Arqueológico de la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Polanco María Fernanda
Published: December 2016

Los cuyes (Caviasp.) son roedores que fueron domesticados en la Zona Andina de América. Su consumo aún sigue siendo importante en países como Ecuador y Perú, así como en el sur de Colombia. En épocas prehispánicas, el aprovechamiento de Cavia se realizaba a lo largo de la cordillera de los Andes en Colombia; sin embargo, en la actualidad solo es consumido en Nariño, al sur del país. En Colombia existen dos especies silvestres (Cavia anolaimaeyCavia guianae) y una doméstica (Cavia porcellus) y en el área de la Sabana de Bogotá fue una fuente proteica muy importante. Existen evidencias de cuyes domésticos en sitios precerámicos como Tequendama 1, Checua y Nemocón 4. El objetivo de este trabajo es entender el papel que jugaron los cuyes dentro de las estrategias de subsistencia de los grupos cazadores-recolectores y agricultores de la Sabana de Bogotá, a partir de un estudio zooarqueológico y tafonómico de los restos encontrados en el sitio arqueológico Aguazuque. El consumo de Cavia a lo largo de las ocupaciones de dicho sitio, determinó las estrategias de subsistencia de estos grupos humanos. Se consumieron cuyes silvestres (C. anolaimae), así como también cuyes domésticos (C. porcellus). Asimismo, se identificaron modificaciones antrópicas relacionadas con el procesamiento y consumo de estos animales.
El doble pulso de la historia, o la duplicidad de “Arché” en Las palabras y Las cosas de Michel Foucault
Authors: Sferco Senda , Yuing Alfaro Tuillang
Published: December 2016

El artículo busca elaborar una discusión acerca del lugar de la noción de historia en Las palabras y las cosas. Para este propósito, se establece una serie de claves de lectura que dicen relación, en primer lugar, con el doble tratamiento que tiene la historia en el libro de Foucault, tanto como un contenido en sí mismo que se revisa a propósito de cada quiebre epistémico así como una apuesta metodológica de análisis que se pone en forma de modo transversal en el libro y que está en el corazón de la apuesta arqueológica. En este punto, se da cuenta de las diferencias y distancias de la arqueología frente a las concepciones continuistas de la historia, llevando el análisis al segundo eje interpretativo: indagar el sentido de la noción de arché implicada en la arqueología bajo sus dos registros semánticos. El arché entendido como comienzo y como dirección o comandamiento. El estatuto de la verdad en la historia tal como la formula Foucault, así como las tensiones entre Historia e historia son revisadas desde esta perspectiva. Finalmente, se analiza cómo la emergencia protagónica de una historicidad irrepresentable lleva a plantear el problema del retorno del lenguaje de modo proporcional al desvanecimiento de la figura de lo humano evocada hacia el final de la obra.
O que nasce do nada
Authors: Ternes José
Published: December 2016

Les mots et les choses é definida por Foucault como uma história arqueológica dos saberes modernos. É, pois, uma história do presente. Reconhece-se que o presente, denominado modernidade, configura um espaço epistemológico radicalmente novo. Os primeiros sinais dessa novidade podem ser detectados já na segunda metade do século XVIII. É o Cogito envelhecido. Com Kant, o aparecimento da vida, do trabalho e da linguagem, o conhecimento por imagens não mais se sustenta. Com esses novos objetos, e especialmente com a filosofia crítica, conhecer exige haver-se com um campo transcendental, aonde o cogito se abre para o não pensamento. Onde o sujeito se torna função de pensamento. Antes que representar, inventar. Gesto que abre a possibilidade de algo ausente em toda a história da cultura ocidental: a literatura. Não se trata de desprezar obras literárias de épocas anteriores, mas esse estatuto seríamos nós que, retrospectivamente, lhes conferimos. Escrever era comunicar uma verdade, quer dos heróis fundadores (epopeia) quer do futuro (profecia), quer da natureza (prosa do mundo). Na literatura a linguagem comparece em seu ser. Suas verdades (irrealidades) nascem do nada.
Foucault e a História da sexualidade: da multiplicidade das forças à biopolítica
Authors: Adverse Helton
Published: December 2016

Por ocasião dos quarenta anos da publicação do primeiro volume da História da sexualidade – A vontade de saber, este trabalho tem por objetivo colocar em destaque seu caráter profundamente inovador, dando especial atenção a dois momentos do percurso que Foucault realiza no livro: a definição de poder como “multiplicidade de relações de forças” imanentes ao domínio político e o conceito de biopolítica. Esses dois pontos têm como pano de fundo comum a crítica ao discurso jurídico-político e, além disso, articulam uma concepção da política moderna extremamente original.
EFFECT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE COMPOST TREATMENT ON CROP YIELD
Authors: TOMÓCSIK Attila , MAKÁDI Marianna , OROSZ Viktória , ARANYOS Tibor , DEMETER Ibolya , MÉSZÁROS József , FÜLEKY György
Published: December 2016

Due to the increasing number of sewage cleaning plants, the amount of sewagesludge also increases. We have to solve the environmentally sound disposal of thesludge. Results of many experiments show that sewage sludge and sewage sludgecompost can be recycled as nutrient suppling material in agriculture. Municipalsewage sludge compost could cause the occurrence and accumulation of toxicelements in the soil. A small-plot experiment with sewage sludge compost wasestablished in the spring of 2003. The applied compost contains 40% sewagesludge, 25% straw, 30% rhyolite, 5% betonite. The small-plot experiment was retreatedin the autumn of 2006, 2009, 2012and 2015. There are 4 treatments in fiveblocks, where the sewage sludge compost was applied at a rate of 0, 9, 18 and 27tha-1 and then ploughed into the soil. Triticale as autumn cereal, maize and greenpea as spring crops were sown in crop rotation every year. Plant samples werecollected before harvesting. In this paper the results of crop yield between 2010-2012 are presented. Crops of triticale and maize were higher in the treated plotsthan in control one in 2010 and 2011. Treatment effect was not observed on greenpea yield.The results show that the effect of applied compost doses depends onplant species and time. Our aim is to maintain this unique long-term experiment forstudying the composted sewage sludge as a nutrient and organic matter source,applying it similarly to the farmyard manure.
GLOBAL FOOD MARKET – NEW FACTORS INFLUENCING DEVELOPMENT
Authors: DYBOWSKI Grzegorz , BUGAŁA Anna
Published: December 2016

During the long period before 2002 the global index of real food prices showeddownward tendency. This resulted from the dynamic economic growth,technological progress and supporting of agriculture in many OECD countries. Thesupply factors mainly determined global food price levels. Meeting food needs indeveloping countries was highly dependent onimports. This increased the role offood exporting countries which drove towards liberalization of international trade.In the years of sharp price increase followed by financial crisis, the new marketforces appeared such as: support granted to biofuels in US and EU, competition forland of food and non-food agricultural products, links between food and fuelmarkets, increase in demand for food in emerging economies. In effect demandfactors determining food market development prevailed over the supply ones.However, the duality existing in the global economic system has been alsospreading to the global food sector. The developing countries could hardly benefitfrom high prices on international agricultural markets because they had nopotential to start additional production in a short time. Price transmission from theglobal food market to local agricultural sectors was insufficient as well. This hasbrought about the loss of reliabilities of free market as a source of food for stateswith scaresnational food supply. The policy response of many developing countrieshas resulted in tendencies to increase self-sufficiency in food production.
LOTUS spp: BIOTECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE BIOECONOMY OF LOWLANDS IN THE SALADO RIVER BASIN (ARGENTINA)
Authors: ANTONELLI Cristian J. , CALZADILLA Pablo I. , ESCARAY Francisco J. , BABUIN María F. , CAMPESTRE María P. , ROCCO Rubén , BORDENAVE César D. , PEREA GARCÍA Ana , NIEVA Amira S. , LLAMES María E. , MAGUIRE Vanina , MELANI Gustavo , SARENA Daniel , BAILLERES Matías , CARRASCO Pedro , PAOLOCCI Francesco , GARRIZ Andrés , MENÉNDEZ Ana , RUIZ Oscar A.
Published: December 2016

The Salado River Basin region is the most important livestock breeding area inArgentina, wherethe Lotus species has been traditionally cultivated as forages.Nearly 60% of their land surface is dominated by salt-affected soils with severeconstraints for crop cultivation. In order to cope with that limitation, farmers haveutilized species such as non-native L. tenuis (ex- Lotus glaber), which shows a verygood adaptation. As a result, inter-seeding of L. tenuis has been proposed as astrategy of choice for improving forage production in marginal areas. The increasein soil quality by these means is achieved by an increment of the organic mattercontent, improvement of soil fertility as well as microbial biodiversity. Thus, theintroduction of L. tenuis and/or other Lotus genotypes could have enormousbenefits for similar constrained lands around the world. We are developing anintegrated analysis of the changes that occur in soils under legume production. Wewill not only analyze the microbial diversity associated, but also soil physical andchemical characteristics and the impact of different legume-microbes associationon mitigation of GHG emissions. In addition, we are identifying the main geneticdeterminants associated with interesting agronomic traits such as plant toleranceagainst biotic and abiotic stresses and the content of condensed tannins. Our futureand present research will build a solid base for the improvement of agronomicallyimportantspecies and the development of better strategies for the management ofconstrained lands such as the lowlands in the Argentinean Pampas.
URBAN AGRICULTURE AS A PLANNING TOOL FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: MITEVA Maya
Published: December 2016

Diminishing population process causes new spatial changes in the urbanenvironment. Local authorities of depopulated settlements are facing the challengeof managing the existing urban infrastructure with decreasing consumers and taxincomes. The question is raised about how to ensure high quality of life of theremaining residents. According to the United Nations (UN, 2015), Bulgaria willlose 27.9 % of its population until 2050, as a comparison Japanese population willdecline by 15.1%. The projections lead towards specific changes in urban planningpractices and shift the focus from city development to city shrinkage. Hence, theimplementation of urban agriculture as a tool for creating viable cities andsustainable local communities could be expected to ensure food security, socialinclusion and employment. The study aim is to propose responses to shrinkingphenomena and to discuss benefits of urban agriculture development for bindinglocal communities. In order to achieve this aim, three objectives are set: (i) toidentify research and practical experience in the field of urban agriculture in Japan;(ii) to analyse the Japanese local authorities approach in facing declining and agingpopulation consequences; and (iii) to discuss its transferability to Bulgarianplanning practice. Started in 2010 in Kashiwa city, Japan, Kashiniwa program isinnovative local governance system for tackling vacant lots in shrinking cities. Thecase study method was chosen for researching the planning approaches developedand implemented in Japan, such as urban agricultural planning method forestablishing and maintaining green open spaces and building sustainable localcommunity.
SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE LIPIZZAN HORSE GENE POOL BASED ON MICROSATELLITE VARIATIONS ANALYSIS
Authors: KASARDA Radovan , MORAVČÍKOVÁ Nina , KADLEČÍK Ondrej
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the current state of genetic diversityand to assess the substructure and spatial structure at individual level based onanalysis of microsatellite variations within Lipizzan horse population. The genomicDNA samples were obtained from totally 418 horses, originating from Slovenian(357) and Slovak (61) studs. A set of 13 microsatellite markers (AHT4, AHT5,ASB2, HMS1, HMS2, HMS3, HMS6, HMS7, HTG10, HTG4, HTG6, HTG7, andVHL20) have been used for analysis of genetic variability. Across all microsatelliteloci the average number of alleles 6.65 and effective allele number at level 3.37were found. The obtained Shannon's information index (I=1.37) indicated highdegree within population genetic diversity. The prevalence of heterozygousgenotype in sample confirmed also the average value of observed heterozygosity(Ho=0.67) and FIS index (-0.026). The most of the genetic variation in sample wasconserved within individuals (95%) and the subdivision of horse populationsexplained only 4%. Similarly, the obtained pairwise values of FST index (0.02) andNei's genetic identity (0.90) reflected mainly common ancestors used in breedinghistory of both population. But the principal coordinate analysis showed thedivision of individuals into the two separate clusters according to the studs wherethey come from. The membership probability resulted from spatial structureanalysis suggested that the frequencies of alleles varied across the two regions thatindicated the evidence of strong distinction in relation to the current breeding statusof analysed populations and strategy of studs.
INVESTIGATION ON TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS INFECTING PEPPER PLANTS IN HUNGARY
Authors: ALMÁSI Asztéria , CSILLÉRY Gábor , SALÁNKI Katalin , NEMES Katalin , PALKOVICS László , TÓBIÁS István
Published: December 2016

In Hungary resurgence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) frequently causesheavy crop losses in pepper production since the mid nineties. Management ofTSWV control was first directed against the thrips (using different insecticides orplastic traps), and against weeds as host plants of the virus and the thrips. Later onTsw resistance gene was introduced from Capsicum chinense PI 152225 and PI159236 into different types of pepper. In 2010 and 2011 sporadically, but in 2012more frequently a resistance breaking (RB) strain of TSWV on resistant peppercultivars was observed in the Szentes region (South-East Hungary). The presenceof a new resistance breaking strain was demonstrated by virological (test-plant,serological and RT-PCR) methods. Previously, the non-structural protein (NSs)encoded by small RNA (S RNA) of TSWV was verified as the avirulence factor forTsw resistance, therefore we analyzed the S RNA of the Hungarian RB and wildtype (WT) isolates and compared to previously analyzed TSWV strains with RBproperties from different geographical origins. Phylogenetic analysis demonstratedthat the different RB strains had the closest relationship with the local WT isolatesand there was no conserved mutation present in all the NSs genes of RB isolatesfrom different geographical origins. According to these results, it is concluded thatthe RB isolates evolved separately in geographic point of view and according to theRB mechanism. In order to find new genetic sources of resistance in Capsicumspecies 89 lines from Capsicum annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. chacoense,C. baccatum var. baccatum, C. baccatum var. pendulum and C. praetermissumwere tested with the Hungarian TSWV-RB isolate.
GROUND COVER VEGETATION DEVELOPMENT IN HYLOCOMIOSA FOREST SITE TYPE AFTER THE CLEARCUT
Authors: INDRIKSONS Aigars , DUBROVSKIS Edgars , HERMANE Lelde , KALNINS Andis
Published: December 2016

Most of the ground cover vegetation descriptions given for characteristic of certainforest site types are made for mature forest stands. However the site typeestimation for the practical forest inventory needs knowledge about the vegetationin every age class of forest. The clearcut as an artificial forest disturbance causesdramatically changes in plant community. Especially fast changes proceed duringthe first years after the clearcut. Due to increase of temperature and nutrientavailability there proceeds several processes causing significant changes in groundcover vegetation. In 2015 a research was started to clarify the changes in groundcover vegetation in Hylocomiosa forest site type. This forest site type is mostabundant in Latvian forests taking around 22%. The dominant tree species inHylocomiosa is Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) although the silver birch (Betulapendula Roth), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) and aspen (Populustremula L.) can form a tree stand there. The chronosequence method was used byproviding the inventory at 5 tree stands dominated by pine. Six sample plots ateach forest stand with size of 10 m2 were established. The point-square method byusing of 1mm thick and 1m high metallic needle was used for registration of plantsat each square of sample plot. The inventory showed significant changes of speciescomposition and projective cover of moss species and caulescent plants. Theresults of calculation of the Ellenberg’s ecological values and Tschekanovskycoefficient suggest of appearance of plants with another attitude to the ecologicalfactors.
VALUE NETWORK OF THE PERSIAN LIME IN MEXICO
Authors: MENDOZA-TORNEZ Ramiro , MARQUEZ-BERBER Sergio Roberto , ALMAGUER-VARGAS Gustavo , AGUILAR-AVILA Jorge , GARDEZI Abdul Khalil , AYALA-GARAY Alma Velia
Published: December 2016

Mexico produces the three most important types of lime: Mexican, Persian, andItalian. Persian lime (Citrus latifolia) is the second most important in planted area.Forty-six percent of the production is intended for export. The objective of thisresearch was to analyze the Persian lime value network of the packing andexporting companies. It was conducted at the main Persian lime producing area,located in the central coastal region of the Gulf of Mexico. As an average, thesampled companies were using 55% of their packing capacity. Most of them (83%)work all year long. They have been from 6 to 15 years in operation. Theyemployed a mean of 41 people, thus they are medium-size enterprises. Fourteenactors were complementing their business in production and marketing. Therelationship between packers and the small lime producing farmers was veryinequitable. Low prices were common for Persian lime producers.The fruits theywere packing came mainly from local producers (90%).Their main exportdestinations were: United States, Europe, Canada, and Japan. Other regions areincreasing Persian lime production, threatening the marketing of the farmers of thecentral coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
PERFORMANCE OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT RATES AND SOURCES OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
Authors: OLANIYAN Amudalat , UDO Enoobong , AFOLAMI Ayodeji
Published: December 2016

Low yields of soybean in Nigeria are attributed to many factors such as decliningsoil fertility and use of low yielding soybean varieties. Phosphorus is a soybeanplant growth-limiting nutrient.Therefore, application of phosphorus fertilizer atoptimum level is essential. Two experiments were carried out at Ibadan, Nigeria toestimate the optimum P-fertilizer rate for soybean and to investigate the responseof soybean to different sources of P fertilizer applied at the optimum rate. Thetreatments in the first experiment were two soybean varieties (TGX1987-10F andTGX1987-62F) and single superphosphate (SSP) fertilizer applied at five rates:0kgPha-1, 20kgPha-1, 40kgPha-1, 60kgPha-1 and 80kgPha-1. The treatments in thesecond experiment were: SSP, Tithonia compost (TC), poultry manure (PM),TC+PM, SSP+TC, SSP+PM applied at optimum P (40kgPha-1)rate obtained fromExperiment 1and control. Data collected on morphological parameters, grain yield(GY) and nutrient uptake were subjected to analysis of variance, the means wereseparated using least significant difference (p<0.05). Results showed thatTGX1987-62F (1.96Mgha-1) produced significantly higher GY than TGX1987-10F(1.26Mgha-1). Application of SSP at 40kgPha-1 produced tallest plants (131.8cm),highest number of leaves/plant (19.0), number of pods/plant (19.4), and GY(2.28Mg/ha) across the two varieties. Highest K-uptake (6.1mgplant-1) and Puptake(2.6mgplant-1) were obtained in plants treated with TC+SSP and SSP,respectively. The combination of TC and SSP at 40kgPha-1 produced highestnumber of flowers/plant (35.6), pods/plant (38.7) and GY (3.9Mgha-1). Acombination of Tithonia compost and SSP applied at 40kgPha-1 will increase grainyield of soybean in South-West Nigeria.
THE COMPETITIVE POSITIONS OF POLAND AND OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WESTERN BALKANS IN AGRI-FOOD TRADE WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: AMBROZIAK Łukasz
Published: December 2016

The aim of the paper is to compare the competitive positions of Poland and of sixcountries of the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia) in their trade in agri-food products with theEuropean Union (EU) in 2010–2015. To this end, the synthetic tradecompetitiveness index (CI) was created, being the arithmetic average of twonormalised indices of the competitive position, i.e. the trade coverage index (TC)and the Balassa revealed comparative advantages index (RCA). The study is basedon the trade data from the WITS – World Integrated Trade Solution database(Comtrade, HS – Harmonised System 2002), expressed in USD. Agri-foodproducts are understood as products classified in chapters 01–24 of the HarmonisedCommodity Description and Coding System (HS). The research results show thatonly in trade of 5 product groups no country from the Western Balkans competedwith Poland in the EU market. In other product groups which were competitive inPolish exports Poland competed in the EU market with some of the WesternBalkan countries.
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN FROM CRAB SHELL CONTAINING RAW MATERIAL BY ELECTROPHYSICAL PROCESSING
Authors: GLOTOVA Irina , VEKSHIN Nikolaj , BALABAEV Vladimir , PEREGONCHAYA Olga , KURCHAEVA Elena
Published: December 2016

Traditional technologies of chitosan producing involve the use of hard alkali-acidtreatment of crab shell raw materials, which negatively affects the main qualityparameters of chitosan (molecular weight, the degree of deacetylation). Wepropose an alternative technical approach. It involves the useofelectrohydraulicshocks,whichuseextra-long bits.Theproposed approach has thefollowing advantages:the stages of grinding and deproteinizationof the rawmaterialsare combined,the additional use ofalkaliis excluded at the stage ofdeproteinization.For comparative characteristics of the structure of the polymer theIR-spectra of the samplesof chitosanwere removed. Chitosan, obtained usingelectrohydraulic treatment is not inferior in its physico-chemical parameters ofchitosan, obtained by using alkaline reagents. It is possible to organize the processof chitosan production on the base of the enterprises for shrimp processing.Specific requirements for physico-chemical and functional properties of chitosancontainingsubstances make the actual means and methods of control of the targetparameters, the key of which are qualitative identification and comprehensivedetermination of chitosan in the composition of film-forming compositions andfilms coatings. As the chromophore to measure the surface potential of the chitosansubstances, we used 1-aniline-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS). The maximumfluorescence of the dye in chitosan films is shifted to longer wavelengths comparedto chitosan gels, because of the increased polarity of the medium of films on theattitude to gel-like chitosan substances. The data obtained by thefluorimetricstudies can be used in the development of methods for the detection of chitosan.
EFFECTS OF GROWING CONDITIONS ON CROSSING SUCCESS IN DIFFERENT POTATO(Solanum tuberosum L.)CROSSES
Authors: YILMAZ Güngör , KINAY Ahmet , KANDEMİR Nejdet , DÖKÜLEN Şaziye
Published: December 2016

This study was carried out to determine the effect of growing conditions underdifferent altitudes on seed production in different potato crosses in Tokat Provinceof Turkey in 2015. Plants were grown and crosses were made in open field or nethouse in Tokat location (altitude 600 m asl.), open field or net house in Artovalocation (altitude 1200 m asl.), or controlled polycarbonate greenhouse. Fifteendifferent crosses were made between 12 parent cultivars. Production of hybridpotato seed was considered “crossing success”. Results showed that parentcultivars and cross combinations affected crossing success and no seeds wereproduced from some combinations while some combinations produced abundantseeds. The highest number of seeds were produced in controlled polycarbonategreenhouse, whereas very low amount of seeds were produced under low altitude(600 m asl.) open field conditions. Polycarbonate greenhouse produced 47.3% ofall seeds, while low altitude net house produced 19.8%, high altitude open fieldproduced 15.8%, high altitude net house produced 13.6% and low altitude openfield produced 3.5%. It was concluded that for a high crossing success, potatocrossing should be made by controlled polycarbonate greenhouse conditions and 23C0 day / 17 C0 night temperatures produced more hybrid seeds.
Optomechanical characterization of freestanding stretchable nanosheet based on polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene copolymer
Authors: Kumagai Hayato , Sato Nobutaka , Takeoka Shinji , Sawada Kazuaki , Fujie Toshinori , Takahashi Kazuhiro
Published: December 2016

In this study, we fabricated a stretchable freestanding ultrathin sheet based on a polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene (SBS) copolymer with entropy-driven elasticity and evaluated its optomechanical properties. The freestanding SBS sheet had a thickness of 675 nm and a size of 10.4 × 10.4 mm2 on a through hole of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) sheet. The measurement of the reflection spectra of the optical interference peaks of the stretched sheets revealed that the SBS nanosheet had a Poisson’s ratio of 0.5–0.68 for a 38% elastic strain, which is one order of magnitude greater than that of parylene.
Output power enhancement in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors with multilevel metallization
Authors: Oh Seung Kyu , Jang Taehoon , Pouladi Sara , Jo Young Je , Ko Hwa-Young , Ryou Jae-Hyun , Kwak Joon Seop
Published: December 2016

To improve wafer utilization efficiency and heat dissipation performance, this paper proposes multilevel metallization-structured, lateral-type AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) on a 150 mm Si substrate using photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) as the intermetal dielectric layer. The maximum drain current of the HFETs is 46.3 A, which is 240% higher than that of conventional AlGaN/GaN HFETs with the same die size. Furthermore, the drain current drop of the HFETs under high-bias operation is reduced from 14.07 to 8.09%, as compared to that of conventional HFETs.
A Hybrid Technique Using Combinatorial Cyclic Difference Sets and Binomial Amplitude Tapering for Linear Sparse Array Antenna Design
Authors: Sandi E. , Zulkifli F. Y. , Rahardjo E. T.
Published: December 2016

Reducing system complexity and cost in synthesizing a sparse array antenna design is a challenging task for practical communication systems, such as radar systems and space communication. In this paper, a hybrid technique to synthesize a linear sparse array antenna design is described. This technique is developed using two methods. The first method is a combinatorial approach that applies cyclic difference sets (CDS) integers to significantly reduce the number of antenna elements. The approach and procedure used to apply the new CDS method to configure a linear sparse array, with significant reduction of the spatial antenna dimension, is described. The second method, applied to the array result of the first method, is amplitude tapering using a binomial array approach to reduce the sidelobes level (SLL). The simulation and measurement results of the sample sparse array design showed that the SLL was reduced in comparison to the sparse array design using only the combinatorial CDS method.
Reduced Southern Hemispheric circulation response to quadrupled CO2 due to stratospheric ozone feedback
Authors: Chiodo Gabriel , Polvani Lorenzo M.
Published: December 2016

Due to computational constraints, interactive stratospheric ozone chemistry is commonly neglected in most climate models participating in intercomparison projects. The impact of this simplification on the modeled response to external forcings remains unexplored. In this work, we examine the importance of including interactive stratospheric ozone chemistry on the Southern Hemispheric circulation response to an abrupt quadrupling of CO2. We find that including interactive ozone significantly reduces (by 20%) the response of the midlatitude jet to CO2, even though it does not alter the surface temperature response. The reduction of the tropospheric circulation response is due to CO2 induced ozone changes and their effects on the meridional temperature gradient near the tropopause. Our findings suggest that neglecting this stratospheric ozone feedback results in an overestimate of the circulation response to increased CO2. This has important implications for climate projections of the Southern Hemispheric circulation response to CO2.
Dynamics of the flares in the active polar region of Jupiter
Authors: Bonfond B. , Grodent D. , Badman S. V. , Gérard J.‐C. , Radioti A.
Published: December 2016

The duskside of the polar region of Jupiter's UV aurorae, called the active region, sometimes exhibits quasiperiodic (QP) flares on timescales of 2–3 min. Based on Hubble Space Telescope Far‐UV time‐tag images, we show for the first time that the Northern Hemisphere also displays QP flares. The area covered by these flares can reach up to 2.4 × 108 km2 (i.e., the whole active region) but often only involves an area an order of magnitude smaller. Using a magnetic field mapping model, we deduced that these areas correspond to the dayside outer magnetosphere. In our data set, quasiperiodic features are only seen on half of the cases, and even on a given observation, a region can be quiet for one half and blinking on the other half. Consecutive observations in the two hemispheres show that the brightening can occur in phase. Combined with the size and location of the flares, this behavior suggests that the QP flares most likely take place on closed magnetic field lines.
Mechanisms of secondary convection within a Mei‐Yu frontal mesoscale convective system in eastern China
Authors: Xu Xin , Xue Ming , Wang Yuan , Huang Hao
Published: December 2016

The generation of secondary convection, following an earlier episode of convection, within a heavy‐rain‐producing mesoscale convective system (MCS) along a Mei‐Yu front in eastern China on 6–8 July 2013 is studied based on convection‐permitting Weather Research and Forecasting simulations. The initiation of the secondary convection is found to be directly linked to the downward development of a mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) spawn by the MCS. In the early and mature stage, the MCV center is located at the middle troposphere; it descends gradually with time as the parent MCS began to decay, with the associated convection transitioning from deep to shallow convection. The descent of the MCV occurs in response to the lowering of the maximum diabatic heating within the convective system, which increases positive potential vorticity down below. When the MCV reaches the lower troposphere, it becomes coupled with the prefrontal southwesterly low‐level jet (LLJ). The confluence of the MCV rotational flow with the LLJ notably enhances the convergence on the southern flank of the MCV, where the secondary convection is triggered and swapped through the southeastern flank of the MCV. Unlike that found in the MCV of the U.S. Central Plains, the cold pool produced by the Mei‐Yu frontal MCS is rather weak and shallow and appears to play only a minor role in promoting convection. The balanced isentropic lifting by the MCV circulation is also weak, although the MCV circulation does help localize the secondary convection.
Optoelectronic Duple Bistable Switches: A Bulk Molecular Single Crystal and Unidirectional Ultraflexible Thin Film Based on Imidazolium Fluorochromate
Authors: Zhang Wan‐Ying , Ye Qiong , Fu Da‐Wei , Xiong Ren‐Gen
Published: December 2016

Optical‐electrical duple bistable switches are those that enable simultaneous conversion of both optical and electrical signals in one device to realize seamless integration. Herein, imidazolium‐FCrO3 can be prepared into a large‐size single crystal and ultraflexible thin film with ultrahigh unidirectionality of (0 0 4) and is characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), powder X‐ray diffraction, etc. Both the thin film and crystal display synchronously eximious optoelectronic duple characteristics (dielectric and nonlinear optical second harmonic generation (SHG) bistable switching ON/OFF), with a record‐high SHG contrast of ≈250 (2.0 times that of KDP, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, exceeding all the known molecular materials/crystalline switches, revealing its potential to obtain high‐efficiency signal‐to‐noise ratio), sensitive dielectric bistability, and remarkable switching antifatigue. These attributes make imidazolium‐FCrO3 a potential candidate in photoelectric seamless integration devices and flexible multifunctional devices.