bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ex Vivo Chromosomal Radiosensitivity Testing in Patients with Pathological Germline Variants in Breast Cancer High-Susceptibility Genes BReast CAncer 1 and BReast CAncer 2
Authors: Zuhair Kassem Tara , Wunderle Marius , Kuhlmann Lukas , Ruebner Matthias , Huebner Hanna , Hoyer Juliane , Reis André , Fasching Peter A. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Hack Carolin C. , Fietkau Rainer , Distel Luitpold
Published: August 2023

Background: Individual radiosensitivity is an important factor in the occurrence of undesirable consequences of radiotherapy. The potential for increased radiosensitivity has been linked to highly penetrant heterozygous mutations in DNA repair genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. By studying the chromosomal radiosensitivity of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers compared to the general population, we study whether increased chromosomal radiation sensitivity is observed in patients with BRCA1/2 variants. Methods: Three-color-fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on ex vivo-irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes from 64 female patients with a heterozygous germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Aberrations in chromosomes #1, #2 and #4 were analyzed. Mean breaks per metaphase (B/M) served as the parameter for chromosomal radiosensitivity. The results were compared with chromosomal radiosensitivity in a cohort of generally healthy individuals and patients with rectal cancer or breast cancer. Results: Patients with BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 64; B/M 0.47) overall showed a significantly higher chromosomal radiosensitivity than general healthy individuals (n = 211; B/M 0.41) and patients with rectal cancer (n = 379; B/M 0.44) and breast cancer (n = 147; B/M 0.45) without proven germline mutations. Chromosomal radiosensitivity varied depending on the locus of the BRCA1/2 mutation. Conclusions: BRCA1/2 mutations result in slightly increased chromosomal sensitivity to radiation. A few individual patients have a marked increase in radiation sensitivity. Therefore, these patients are at a higher risk for adverse therapeutic consequences.
Wheat Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Remobilisation under Water Deficit by 1-FEH w3
Authors: Khan Nusrat , Zhang Jingjuan , Islam Shahidul , Appels Rudi , Dell Bernard
Published: August 2023

Fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) is one of the major enzymes in water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) remobilisation for grains in wheat. We investigated the functional role of 1-FEH w1, w2, and w3 isoforms in WSC remobilisation under post-anthesis water deficit using mutation lines derived from the Australian wheat variety Chara. F1 seeds, developed by backcrossing the 1-FEH w1, w2, and w3 mutation lines with Chara, were genotyped using the Infinium 90K SNP iSelect platform to characterise the mutated region. Putative deletions were identified in FEH mutation lines encompassing the FEH genomic regions. Mapping analysis demonstrated that mutations affected significantly longer regions than the target FEH gene regions. Functional roles of the non-target genes were carried out utilising bioinformatics and confirmed that the non-target genes were unlikely to confound the effects considered to be due to the influence of 1-FEH gene functions. Glasshouse experiments revealed that the 1-FEH w3 mutation line had a slower degradation and remobilisation of fructans than the 1-FEH w2 and w1 mutation lines and Chara, which reduced grain filling and grain yield. Thus, 1-FEH w3 plays a vital role in reducing yield loss under drought. This insight into the distinct role of the 1-FEH isoforms provides new gene targets for water-deficit-tolerant wheat breeding.
Materials, Structures, and Applications of iTENGs
Authors: Xi Yuan , Fan Yubo , Li Zhou , Liu Zhuo
Published: August 2023

Implantable triboelectric nanogenerators (iTENG) have emerged as a promising technology for self-powered biomedical devices. This review explores the key aspects of materials, structures, and representative applications of iTENGs. The materials section discusses the core triboelectric layer, electrode layer, and encapsulation layer, emphasizing the importance of biocompatibility and mechanical flexibility. The structural design section delves into three common modes: contact–separation mode, single-electrode mode, and free-standing mode, highlighting their working principles and advantages. The application section covers diverse areas such as cardiac devices, sterilization processes, and anticancer therapies, showcasing the potential of iTENGs to revolutionize healthcare. Moreover, it discusses the challenges and future directions for material development, structural design optimization, conformal matching, and practical implementation of iTENGs. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the materials, structures, and applications of iTENGs, serving as a resource for researchers and engineers in the field.
Effect of Hafnium Addition on the Microstructure and Property Evolutions of ZrCN Coating Prepared via Physical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Wang Li , Pei Di , Deng Chun-Yan , Yang Hai-Shi , Hu Zhao-Nan , Zhao Jun-Yu , He Dong , Ding Ming-Hui , Zhang Bin , Hu Li
Published: August 2023

In this paper, Zr(Hf)xCN coatings were deposited onto 316L stainless steel (316L SS) substrates at 400 °C using the radio-frequency (R.F.) magnetron sputtering technique with Hf-Zr-C composite target materials. The influence of Hf element content on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance and platelet interaction with the surface of Zr(Hf)xCN coatings were then investigated. The results indicate that the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of coatings depend on their chemical composition. Corrosion resistance and platelet interaction with the surface could be improved by adding Hf to the Zr2CN. By optimizing the Hf-Zr-C ratio, Zr(Hf)xCN coatings with excellent corrosion resistance were obtained. The ZrHfCN-3 coating with a Hf element content of 7.33% possesses excellent mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. The result of the platelet interaction with the surface confirms that Zr(Hf)xCN coatings have better platelet interaction with the surface than 316L SS.
The Potential of Apple and Blackcurrant Pomace Powders as the Components of Pectin Packaging Films
Authors: Pakulska Anna , Bartosiewicz Edyta , Galus Sabina
Published: August 2023

This work aimed to investigate the possibility of using apple and blackcurrant pomace powders to produce biopolymer packaging films as one of the actions to minimize waste in a circular economy approach. The fragmented fruit powders of 10 µm did not form a continuous film structure, thus apple pectin at the concentration of 5% was used as a film-forming agent in combination with fruit pomace (10%) and glycerol as plasticizer (50% of pectin, 2.5 g). The pectin control films and those produced with the addition of fruit pomace differed in appearance and physical properties. The films with fruit pomace were characterized by a higher thickness and much darker color in comparison with transparent pectin films. Lightness (parameter L*) decreased from 87.24 to 21.09, and the film opacity increased from 1.03 to 17.14 A/mm, indicating the capacity of light adsorption. Fruit powder addition also affected mechanical resistance, and the films showed higher tensile strength (3.11%–6.72%) with lower elongation at break (5.11%–6.07%). Sorption and wetting analyses showed that fruit pomace-containing films had a lower capacity to absorb water. The water contact angle increased from 50.69 to 70.89°. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed us to observe significant changes in the structure related to the film composition, which affected the surface roughness and obtained a more rigid film structure.
Influence of Cu Substitution on the Properties of Hydroxyapatite Targets and Deposited Coatings
Authors: Prosolov Konstantin , Lastovka Vladimir , Khimich Margarita , Glukhov Ivan , Kashin Alexander , Luginin Nikita , Sharkeev Yurii
Published: August 2023

In addressing the issue of optimizing the mechanical and electrochemical properties of hydroxyapatite (CaP) materials for biomedical applications, this research explored the incorporation of copper (Cu) into the material and scrutinized its impact through various processing stages, from powders to ceramics and finally to coatings. Our investigation indicated that the integration of CuO into CaP significantly changed the lattice parameters of hydroxyapatite from manufactured powders to sintered targets, indicating a structural evolution. Simultaneously, the change in the elemental composition and Ca/P ratio was also followed by each step from manufactured powders to deposited coatings. Mechanical testing revealed an impressive increase in the hardness of coatings to a high of 37 GPa for the 0.2CuO-CaP sample, a substantial improvement when compared to 13 GPa for pure Ti. The corrosion resistance of the coatings also improved, evidenced by the decrease in corrosion current density (Icorr) from 60.2 ± 5.2 nA/cm2 for pure Ti to a lower 3.9 ± 0.5 nA/cm2 for the CaP coating. Our study has revealed that the structural, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of CaP materials can be finely adjusted through the addition of Cu, promising advances in the realm of biomedical applications. Moreover, these results hint at the potential to tune the electrophysical characteristics of CaP coatings, an avenue for future exploration.
Assessing the Bioreceptivity of Biobased Cladding Materials
Authors: Butina Ogorelec Karen , Gubenšek Ana , Poohphajai Faksawat , Sandak Anna
Published: August 2023

Materials exposed to the outdoors are prone to various deterioration processes. Architectural coatings are designed to protect surfaces against environmental and biotic degradation and to provide a decorative layer. The objective of this work was to examine the early colonisers on a diverse set of coated and non-coated biobased façade materials. A set of 33 wood-based cladding materials were exposed to four cardinal directions and monitored in outdoor conditions. The surfaces were sampled using a wet swab and plated on DG-18 agar, which prevents the growth of bacteria and limits the growth of fast-growing fungi. Pure cultures were then isolated and identified through PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing of specific DNA regions/genes. The response of cladding materials to weathering and fungal infestation was assessed. The proposed techniques enabled the identification of features that promote/inhibit fungal colonisation and revealed the preference of certain fungi for specific materials. Both the material type and the climate condition at the exposure site influence fungal colonisation. This study is a starting point for more exhaustive assays that aim to develop a novel coating system based on controlled and optimized fungal biofilm formation, and is proposed as a nature-inspired alternative for the protection of architectonic surfaces.
The Spreading Characteristics of Droplets Impacting Wheat Leaves Based on the VOF Model
Authors: Liao Yaoyao , Wang Mian , Zhang Ying , Wang Xingchen , Ni Jun , Zhu Yan , Cao Weixing , Jiang Xiaoping
Published: August 2023

Given the problem that droplets cannot stay on the surfaces of leaves and wet them effectively, resulting in high levels of pesticide input and environmental pollution, this work studied the dynamic behaviors of droplets with different diameters (400–550 um) falling on the surfaces of wheat leaves from different heights (2–16 cm) using contact angle-measuring instruments and a high-speed camera. The VOF method in Fluent software was used to establish a numerical model of droplets impacting the surfaces of wheat leaves. The results show that with an increase in the initial diameter and initial velocity of a droplet, the maximum diameter of the droplet during the spreading process also gradually increases. After a droplet impacts a wheat leaf, the droplet-spreading diameter first increases and then decreases. The maximum droplet spreading rate, βmax, increases with an increase in the Weber number, βmax ∈We14, which is consistent with the existing theory. The results of this study lay a foundation for studying the spread of droplets on the surfaces of leaves, which is conducive to improving the rate of pesticide utilization.
Thiazolidine-Based Fluorescent Chiral Ionic Liquids for Trace Copper(II) Ion Sensing
Authors: Griebeler Cassiana H. , Bach Mariana F. , Silva Henrique C. , Rodembusch Fabiano S. , Coelho Felipe L. , Schneider Paulo H.
Published: August 2023

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis and photophysical properties of thiazolidine-functionalized chiral ionic liquids (CILs) derived from L-cysteine. The synthesis involves a four-step route, encompassing N-protection, coupling reactions with bromoalcohols, and ionic liquid formation. The optical properties of the compounds were evaluated using UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopies, revealing distinct behavior for different heterocycles and counter-ions. Notably, the investigation reveals that thiazolidine-based CILs exhibit unconventional intrinsic luminescence characteristics. Building upon these photophysical properties, an interaction study was conducted between copper (II) and the CILs. The findings exhibit a robust linear relationship between the optical response and the concentration of the metal ion. Through the calculation of the Stern–Volmer quenching constant, it was determined that the 1:1 binding model is applicable. This research underscores the potential of UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy as a highly sensitive method for detecting metal ions. By elucidating the synthesis, photophysical behavior, and metal ion interaction of thiazolidine-based CILs, this study contributes valuable insights into the field of functionalized ionic liquids and their potential applications in various areas.
Combined Analysis by GC(RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR of Leaf and Wood Essential Oils from Vietnamese Glyptostrobus pensilis (Staunton ex D. Don) K. Koch
Authors: Huy Thai Tran , Paoli Mathieu , Thi Hien Nguyen , Quang Hung Nguyen , Bighelli Ange , Casanova Joseph , Tomi Félix
Published: August 2023

Glyptostrobus pensilis (Staunton ex D. Don) K. Koch is a critically endangered species, native to southeastern China and also very locally found in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam. Essential oil isolated from leaves is a monoterpene-rich oil containing mainly limonene (33.3%), α-pinene (23.4%) and bornyl acetate (9.2%). The composition of G. pensilis wood oil is rather complex and the identification of individual components needed fractionation over column chromatography. The main components, identified by GC(RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR, were cedrol (29.3%), occidentalol (6.6%) and occidentalol isomer (5.9%).
The Generalised Reissner–Nordstrom Spacetimes, the Cosmological Constant and the Linear Term
Authors: Lecian Orchidea Maria
Published: August 2023

The Reissner–Nordstrom spacetimes and some generalised Reissner–Nordstrom spacetimes are analysed. The blackhole solutions are considered. The generalised Reissner–Nordstrom spacetimes with a cosmological-constant term, endowed with a Schwarzschild solid-angle element, are analytically delineated: the radii of the blackholes are analytically calculated and newly parameterised; the coordinate-singularity-avoiding coordinate extension is newly found, i.e., such that the tortoise-coordinate transformation can therefore be applied; the new conditions for merging the solutions as the physical horizons are analytically outlined; the new parameter space of the model is set and constrained; the new role of the cosmological-constant term in designating the Schwarzschild radius is demonstrated; the Reissner–Nordstrom–deSitter case and in the Reissner–Nordstrom–anti-deSitter one are newly demonstrated to be characterised in a different analytical manner. Furthermore, a new family of solutions is found, qualified after the cosmological-constant term. The generalised Reissner–Nordstrom spacetimes with a linear term, endowed with a Schwarzschild solid-angle element, are analytically studied: the radii are enumerated and newly parameterised; the new conditions for the merging of the radii as the physical horizons are set; the new parameter space of the system is arranged and constrained; the role of the linear-term parameter in the delineation of the Schwarzschild radius is newly proven to be apt to imply a small modification only. The generalised Reissner–Nordstrom spacetimes, endowed with a Schwarzschild solid-angle element, with a linear term and a cosmological-constant term are newly inspected: the radii are analytically calculated and newly parameterised; the new conditions for the merging of the radii as the physical horizons are prescribed; the new parameter space of the scheme is appointed and constrained; the roles of the parameters are newly scrutinised in their application to modify the physical interpretation of the Reissner–Nordstrom parameters only in a small manner; the coordinate-singularity-avoiding coordinate extensions are newly found, i.e., such that the tortoise-coordinate transformation can therefore be applied; the definition of the physical radii is newly found; the results are newly demonstrated in both cases of a positive value of the cosmological constant and in the case of a negative value of the cosmological constant in a different manner; the role of the linear-term parameter is also newly enunciated. More over, a new family of solutions is found, which is delineated after particular values of the linear term and of the cosmological-constant one. The quantum implementation of the models is prospectively envisaged.
Medical Image Encryption: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ahmed Saja Theab , Hammood Dalal Abdulmohsin , Chisab Raad Farhood , Al-Naji Ali , Chahl Javaan
Published: August 2023

In medical information systems, image data can be considered crucial information. As imaging technology and methods for analyzing medical images advance, there will be a greater wealth of data available for study. Hence, protecting those images is essential. Image encryption methods are crucial in multimedia applications for ensuring the security and authenticity of digital images. Recently, the encryption of medical images has garnered significant attention from academics due to concerns about the safety of medical communication. Advanced approaches, such as e-health, smart health, and telemedicine applications, are employed in the medical profession. This has highlighted the issue that medical images are often produced and shared online, necessitating protection against unauthorized use.
Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Novel 4-(Benzofuran-2-yl)-N-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-imines, Crystal Structure Elucidation, and the Effect of Phenyl Substitution on Crystal Packing
Authors: Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Kariuki Benson M. , Mohamed Hanan A. , El-Hiti Gamal A.
Published: August 2023

A one-pot reaction of an equimolar mixture of 4-methoxyaniline, phenyl isothiocyanate, and 2-bromoacetylbenzofuran in absolute ethanol in the absence of any catalysts afforded 4-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-imine with an 83% yield. Under similar conditions, 4-flouroaniline provided a mixture of the expected 4-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-imine and unexpected 4-(benzofuran-2-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-imine at an overall 73% yield. The structures of the synthesized heterocycles were confirmed using NMR spectroscopy. The products were recrystallized from dimethylformamide to afford samples suitable for structural determination via single-crystal diffraction. The molecules of the products share a common backbone and have similar conformations. They also display some common intermolecular interactions, including C–H···X (X = N, O, π) and π···π contacts. The molecules differ due to the methoxy and fluoro substituents on their phenyl rings, resulting in variations in the extended network in the crystals. Electron density maps and Hirshfeld surfaces have been used to rationalize the intermolecular contacts.
Effects of Different Surface Treatment Processes on Bonding Properties of Aluminum Alloys under Full Temperature Field Environment
Authors: Dong Xinmin , Liu Jigao , Hao Hanqing , Xue Yinglei , Xu Linfeng
Published: August 2023

Our aim was to study the influence of the surface treatment process on the mechanical properties of an adhesive. This study takes aluminum alloy 6061 as the substrate; carries out grinding, sandblasting, plasma, grinding + plasma, and sandblasting + plasma surface treatment processes; and chooses the ISR 7008 adhesive to make aluminum alloy butt joints, and the joints Connectors are in −40 °C, −20 °C, 0 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C environments, respectively (1–3 days of a constant-temperature test). The results show that the plasma surface treatment process helps to improve the activity and hydrophilicity of the bonding surface; the plasma surface treatment process helps to improve the adhesive strength of the joints under the environment of −40 °C and 80 °C; and under the environment of −20–60 °C, the sandblasting + plasma surface treatment process helps to improve the adhesive strength of the joints. By analyzing the infrared spectra of the ISR 7008 adhesive, it was found that the contents of γN−H, νC−C, νC−N, and νC−O were higher in the interval from 25 °C to 80 °C than those in the interval from −40 °C to 0 °C, which resulted in the decrease in adhesive properties.
Crystal Structure Analysis, Stability, Phase Transformation and Selective Nucleation Mechanism of Fluralaner Polymorphs
Authors: Li Guangyan , Wang Ting , Huang Xin , Wang Na , Zhou Lina , Tian Beiqian , Feng Ziwei , Liu Ailing , Li Yaling , Hao Hongxun
Published: August 2023

To better understand and control the crystallization of different polymorphs, a comprehensive crystal structure analysis was conducted by using fluralaner as a model compound, and the thermodynamic stability, phase transformation, and selective nucleation mechanisms were studied. Various analytical techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and FT-IR spectra were used to comprehensively characterize Form I, Form Ⅱ, and Form III of fluralaner, and it was found that there is structural similarity between Form I and Form III, which was further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. However, it was found that Form Ⅱ had unique molecular conformation and packing pattern. The lattice energy was calculated by Materials Studio 7.0 and the thermodynamic stability of three forms was explored by phase transformation experiments, which suggested that the order of thermodynamic stability was Form Ⅱ > Form I > Form III. The selective nucleation of Form I and Form III with similar structure was studied through FT-IR spectra and molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicated that the addition of n-hexane may hinder the solute–solute interaction in the solution, thus resulting in the nucleation of different polymorphs.
The Herpetofauna of the Insular Systems of Mexico
Authors: González-Sánchez Víctor Hugo , Johnson Jerry D. , Frausto-Martínez Oscar , Mejía Ortíz Luis M. , Pereira-Corona Alberto , Blanco-Parra María del Pilar , Charruau Pierre , Níño-Torres Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2023

The herpetofauna of the insular systems of Mexico is composed of 226 species, of which 14 are anurans, two are salamanders, and 210 are reptiles, comprised of two crocodilians, 195 squamates, and 13 turtles. Although the surface of the Mexican islands is only 0.26% of the Mexican territorial extension, these 226 species constitute 16.1% of Mexico’s documented herpetofauna of 1405 species. We classified the Mexican islands into five physiographic regions: the islands of Pacific Baja California; the islands of the Gulf of California; the islands of the Tropical Pacific; the islands of the Gulf of Mexico; and the islands of the Mexican Caribbean. The highest species richness among these regions is in the Gulf of California, with 108 species, and the lowest richness is 40 for the islands of the Pacific Baja California and 46 for those of the Gulf of Mexico. We identified introduced species, risk of wildfires, climate change, and urban/tourist development as the main environmental threats impinging on these species. In addition, we assessed the conservation status of the native species by comparing the SEMARNAT (NOM-059), IUCN Red List, and the Environmental Vulnerability Score (EVS) systems. The comparison of these systems showed that the NOM-059 and the IUCN systems seriously underestimate the degree of threat for insular endemics, being particularly concerning for those insular species that are known only from their respective type localities. The EVS system proved to be practical and indicated that 94 species have a high vulnerability status, 62 a medium status, and 56 a low status. The Relative Herpetofaunal Priority system, which contrasts the number of endemic and threatened species among different physiographic areas, indicates that the regions with the highest priority are the Islands of the Gulf of California, followed by the islands of the Tropical Pacific. Finally, we discussed the completeness of the Mexican Natural Protected Areas on the insular systems of the country; the result is outstanding since Mexico is already close to achieving the goal of having all their islands under some degree of federal protection.
Phenotypic Polymorphism in Two Endosymbiotic Bacteria of the Ciliate Paramecium: Pseudolyticum multiflagellatum and “Ca. Megaira venefica”
Authors: Kursacheva Ekaterina , Korotaev Alexander , Benken Konstantin , Lebedeva Natalia , Sabaneyeva Elena
Published: August 2023

Here, we report a comprehensive description of the stable associations between two Paramecium species (P. nephridiatum and P. caudatum) and their cytoplasmic bacterial endosymbiont Pseudolyticum multiflagellatum. These spindle-like, rod-shaped, non-motile peritrichous bacteria demonstrate significant phenotypic polymorphism. Considering the differences in bacterial morphology and host species, several scientific groups have previously described these endosymbionts as distinct species. Our study provides brand-new molecular data, which allows us to unify earlier descriptions and determine the phylogenetic position of this endosymbiont as a member of the family “Ca. Midichloriaceae” (Rickettsiales). The distinguishing feature of this bacterium is the presence of a highly refractive granule in its cytoplasm, well detectable with differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. The protein nature of these peculiar inclusion bodies is considered. The other endosymbiont, “Ca. Megaira venefica”, co-inhabiting the cytoplasm of the studied P. nephridiatum strains, also displayed polymorphism, rounded forms being infected with phages.
Recent Advances of Proteomics in Management of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Pejchinovski Ilinka , Turkkan Sibel , Pejchinovski Martin
Published: August 2023

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is currently recognized as a life-threatening disease, leading to an exponential increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. At present, AKI is characterized by a significant increase in serum creatinine (SCr) levels, typically followed by a sudden drop in glomerulus filtration rate (GFR). Changes in urine output are usually associated with the renal inability to excrete urea and other nitrogenous waste products, causing extracellular volume and electrolyte imbalances. Several molecular mechanisms were proposed to be affiliated with AKI development and progression, ultimately involving renal epithelium tubular cell-cycle arrest, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the inability to recover and regenerate proximal tubules, and impaired endothelial function. Diagnosis and prognosis using state-of-the-art clinical markers are often late and provide poor outcomes at disease onset. Inappropriate clinical assessment is a strong disease contributor, actively driving progression towards end stage renal disease (ESRD). Proteins, as the main functional and structural unit of the cell, provide the opportunity to monitor the disease on a molecular level. Changes in the proteomic profiles are pivotal for the expression of molecular pathways and disease pathogenesis. Introduction of highly-sensitive and innovative technology enabled the discovery of novel biomarkers for improved risk stratification, better and more cost-effective medical care for the ill patients and advanced personalized medicine. In line with those strategies, this review provides and discusses the latest findings of proteomic-based biomarkers and their prospective clinical application for AKI management.
Comparison Study between ERCP and PTBD for Recurrent Choledocholithiasis in Patients Following Gastrectomy
Authors: Kweon O Seong , Heo Jun , Jung Min Kyu
Published: August 2023

The recurrence rate of choledocholithiasis in the general population has been reported to exceed 10%. The incidence of cholelithiasis was reported to be higher in patients following gastrectomy than that in the general population. However, there is no study for recurrent choledocholithiasis incidence in patients following gastrectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the recurrence rate of choledocholithiasis and identify risk factors for recurrent choledocholithiasis in patients following gastrectomy. A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with gastrectomy history who underwent choledocholithiasis removal in Kyungpook National University Hospital between January 2011 and December 2019. Choledocholithiases were treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (n = 41) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) (n = 90). The gastrectomy type was classified as subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth I (18.3%), Billroth II (45.0%), and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y (36.6%). During a median follow-up period of 31.5 (range, 6–105) months, choledocholithiasis recurrence was noted in 19 of 131 patients (14.5%). In subgroup analysis, the ERCP group (24.4%) had higher choledocholithiasis recurrence than the PTBD group (10.0%). Stone removal modality (ERCP), no use of balloon sphincteroplasty, and the presence of periampullary diverticulum were significant risk factors for recurrent choledocholithiasis. In multivariate analysis, ERCP (hazard ratio (HR), 3.597; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.264–10.204) CBD stricture (HR, 3.823; 95% CI: 1.118–13.080) and no use of balloon sphincteroplasty (HR, 4.830; 95% CI: 1.669–13.889) were risk factors for recurrent choledocholithiasis following stone removal. The incidence of CBD stones in patients who underwent gastrectomy is similar to that of the general population. ERCP, CBD stricture, and no use of balloon sphincteroplasty are potential risk factors for recurrent CBD stones following gastrectomy. When we consider PTBD disadvantages, the ERCP procedure with active use of balloon sphincteroplasty is recommended to decrease recurrent CBD stones.
Detection of Diabetes through Microarray Genes with Enhancement of Classifiers Performance
Authors: Chellappan Dinesh , Rajaguru Harikumar
Published: August 2023

Diabetes is a life-threatening, non-communicable disease. Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease with a significant global impact. The timely detection of diabetes in patients is necessary for an effective treatment. The primary objective of this study is to propose a novel approach for identifying type II diabetes mellitus using microarray gene data. Specifically, our research focuses on the performance enhancement of methods for detecting diabetes. Four different Dimensionality Reduction techniques, Detrend Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), the Chi-square probability density function (Chi2pdf), the Firefly algorithm, and Cuckoo Search, are used to reduce high dimensional data. Metaheuristic algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Harmonic Search (HS) are used for feature selection. Seven classifiers, Non-Linear Regression (NLR), Linear Regression (LR), Logistics Regression (LoR), Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Bayesian Linear Discriminant Classifier (BLDC), Softmax Discriminant Classifier (SDC), and Support Vector Machine—Radial Basis Function (SVM-RBF), are utilized to classify the diabetic and non-diabetic classes. The classifiers’ performances are analyzed through parameters such as accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, error rate, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Jaccard metric, and kappa. The SVM (RBF) classifier with the Chi2pdf Dimensionality Reduction technique with a PSO feature selection method attained a high accuracy of 91% with a Kappa of 0.7961, outperforming all of the other classifiers.
Elevated Free Thyroxine Levels Might Alter the Effect of the Lipid Profile on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lee Yi-Wei , Yang Ting-Teng , Lin Yan-Yu , Hsieh Yu-Shan
Published: August 2023

Previous studies have shown that hyperthyroidism is associated with heightened insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Therefore, in this study, we aim to explore the relationship between elevated thyroid hormone levels and the lipid profile in insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with hyperthyroidism. A total of 177 participants were included and grouped according to diagnosis. The serum test results demonstrated that free thyroxine (FT4) increased the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) by positively correlating with triglyceride (TG) levels (p = 0.005, r2 = 0.35). In patients with T2DM with hyperthyroidism, the decreasing high-density lipoprotein levels showed an association with HOMA-IR (p = 0.005). Among all the patients, with different levels of FT4, the areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the TG level, TG/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and HOMA-IR were 0.620 (95% CI: 0.536 to 0.698), 0.614 (95% CI: 0.530 to 0.692), and 0.722 (95% CI: 0.645 to 0.791), respectively. Our results suggest that elevated FT4 levels due to hyperthyroidism could alter the association with the lipid profile and insulin resistance in patients with T2DM. We also suggest that among all the included patients with T2DM, irrespective of the presence of hyperthyroidism, FT4 levels are positively correlated with insulin resistance.
Study on 3D High-Resolution Anorectal Manometry Interrater Agreement in the Evaluation of Dyssynergic Defecation Disorders
Authors: van Oostendorp Justin Y. , van Hagen Pieter , van der Mijnsbrugge Grietje J. H. , Han-Geurts Ingrid J. M.
Published: August 2023

Anorectal manometry measurements exhibit significant interrater variability. Newer techniques like 3D high-resolution anorectal manometry (3D-HRAM) have the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and our understanding of defecation disorders. However, the extent of interrater variability in 3D-HRAM is still unknown. Between January 2020 to April 2022, patients referred for pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) due to functional defecation complaints underwent 3D-HRAM testing. In a retrospective analysis, three expert raters independently evaluated the 3D-HRAM results in a blinded matter to assess interrater agreement. The evaluation also determined the level of agreement concerning dyssynergic patterns during simulated defecation. The 3D-HRAM results of 50 patients (37 females) were included. Twenty-nine patients had complaints of fecal incontinence, eleven patients had chronic constipation, and ten patients had several other complaints. There was a substantial agreement (kappa 0.612) between the raters concerning the 3D images on dyssynergic patterns during simulated defecation. Our study emphasizes the need for standardized guidelines in evaluating 3D-HRAM test results to reduce subjectivity and further improve agreement among raters. Implementing these guidelines could improve diagnostic consistency and enhance personalized treatment strategies, increasing the reliability and usefulness of 3D-HRAM testing in clinical practice.
Drone-YOLO: An Efficient Neural Network Method for Target Detection in Drone Images
Authors: Zhang Zhengxin
Published: August 2023

Object detection in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery is a meaningful foundation in various research domains. However, UAV imagery poses unique challenges, including large image sizes, small sizes detection objects, dense distribution, overlapping instances, and insufficient lighting impacting the effectiveness of object detection. In this article, we propose Drone-YOLO, a series of multi-scale UAV image object detection algorithms based on the YOLOv8 model, designed to overcome the specific challenges associated with UAV image object detection. To address the issues of large scene sizes and small detection objects, we introduce improvements to the neck component of the YOLOv8 model. Specifically, we employ a three-layer PAFPN structure and incorporate a detection head tailored for small-sized objects using large-scale feature maps, significantly enhancing the algorithm’s capability to detect small-sized targets. Furthermore, we integrate the sandwich-fusion module into each layer of the neck’s up–down branch. This fusion mechanism combines network features with low-level features, providing rich spatial information about the objects at different layer detection heads. We achieve this fusion using depthwise separable evolution, which balances parameter costs and a large receptive field. In the network backbone, we employ RepVGG modules as downsampling layers, enhancing the network’s ability to learn multi-scale features and outperforming traditional convolutional layers. The proposed Drone-YOLO methods have been evaluated in ablation experiments and compared with other state-of-the-art approaches on the VisDrone2019 dataset. The results demonstrate that our Drone-YOLO (large) outperforms other baseline methods in the accuracy of object detection. Compared to YOLOv8, our method achieves a significant improvement in mAP0.5 metrics, with a 13.4% increase on the VisDrone2019-test and a 17.40% increase on the VisDrone2019-val. Additionally, the parameter-efficient Drone-YOLO (tiny) with only 5.25 M parameters performs equivalently or better than the baseline method with 9.66M parameters on the dataset. These experiments validate the effectiveness of the Drone-YOLO methods in the task of object detection in drone imagery.
Formation Transformation Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm and Distributed Model Predictive Control
Authors: Chen Guanyu , Zhao Congwei , Gong Huajun , Zhang Shuai , Wang Xinhua
Published: August 2023

In order to solve the problem of multiple aircraft formation transformation to a designated formation, a distributed formation transformation algorithm that decomposes the formation transformation problem into target-matching problems and trajectory-planning problems was studied. According to the actual formation transformation requirements, the target allocation index was proposed, and the improved genetic algorithm which is 23% better than other algorithms was used to achieve target matching. The adaptive cross-mutation probability was designed, and the population was propagated without duplicates by the hash algorithm. The multi-objective algorithm of distributed model predictive control was used to design smooth and conflict-free trajectories for the UAVs in formation transformation, and the trajectory-planning problem was transformed into a quadratic programming problem under inequality constraints. Finally, point-to-point collision-free offline trajectory planning was realized by simulation.
Contextuality in Collective Intelligence: Not There Yet
Authors: Sulis William , Khan Ali
Published: August 2023

Type I contextuality or inconsistent connectedness is a fundamental feature of both the classical as well as the quantum realms. Type II contextuality (true contextuality or CHSH-type contextuality) is frequently asserted to be specific to the quantum realm. Nevertheless, evidence for Type II contextuality in classical settings is slowly emerging (at least in the psychological realm). Sign intransitivity can be observed in preference relations in the setting of decision making and so intransitivity in decision making may also yield examples of Type II contextuality. Previously, it was suggested that a fruitful setting in which to search for such contextuality is that of decision making by collective intelligence systems. An experiment was conducted by using a detailed simulation of nest emigration by workers of the ant Temnothorax albipennis. In spite of the intransitivity, these simulated colonies came close to but failed to violate Dzhafarov’s inequality for a 4-cyclic system. Further research using more sophisticated simulations and experimental paradigms is required.
The Influence of Green Credit Policy on Green Innovation and Transformation and Upgradation as a Function of Corporate Diversification: The Case of Kazakhstan
Authors: Berikhanovna Chemirbayeva Mergul , Bauirzhanovna Bekmukhametova Assemgul , Kudaibergenovna Niyetalina Gaukhar , Gulbagda Bodaukhan , Serikovna Yerkulova Gulmira
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the heterogeneous effects of the green credit policy (GCP) on firms’ green innovation and transformation and upgradation. Using a comprehensive dataset of companies operating in the green sector, we employ panel regression models to examine the interaction between the policy and firm characteristics among SMEs in Kazakhstan. The results reveal significant heterogeneity in the effects of the policy across different scales of enterprises. In terms of green innovation, the policy has a positive and significant impact on large enterprises, while its effects are not significant for small- and medium-sized enterprises. Similarly, for transformation/upgradation, the policy demonstrates a positive effect on large enterprises but lacks significance for smaller firms. These findings suggest that larger enterprises may have a greater capacity and more resources to capitalize on the policy incentives and implement greener practices effectively. Additionally, the study identifies technological capability as a mediating factor and regulatory environment as a moderating factor influencing the relationship between the policy and green outcomes. The theoretical implications highlight the importance of considering firm characteristics and contextual factors in understanding the heterogeneous effects of environmental policies. From a practical standpoint, policymakers should tailor policy interventions to account for the varying needs and capacities of different scales of enterprises. Moreover, fostering technological capability and improving the regulatory environment can enhance the effectiveness of green policies.
Linking Urban Water Management, Wastewater Recycling, and Environmental Education: A Case Study on Engaging Youth in Sustainable Water Resource Management in a Public School in Casablanca City, Morocco
Authors: Nourredine Hajar , Barjenbruch Matthias , Million Angela , El Amrani Btissam , Chakri Nihad , Amraoui Fouad
Published: August 2023

The management of water resources is crucial for sustainable development, necessitating innovative solutions to address the increasing demand for safe water. Alternative approaches must be adopted to effectively engage young generations in understanding the importance of water resources. This chapter reports on an experiment that aimed to promote sustainability education by linking wastewater treatment and reuse with an educational garden. In particular, an undertaking was executed to establish a decentralized wastewater treatment system wherein purified water was employed for the purpose of irrigation. The study’s primary focus is on the association between urban water management, wastewater recycling, and environmental education. The study has two distinct components. The first segment discusses three examples of projects that have employed urban wastewater treatment and reuse to generate environmental education materials using various approaches. The second component features a case study of a public high school in Casablanca, where students participated in a questionnaire and participatory workshops to design an educational garden. The study’s outcomes include a proposed educational garden design that will be presented to the relevant authorities and project partners.
Strengthening STEM Teaching in Rural, Indigenous-Serving Schools through Long-Term, Culturally Responsive Professional Development
Authors: Castagno Angelina E. , Dass Pradeep Max , Joseph Darold H. , Keene Chesleigh , Macias Crystal
Published: August 2023

This paper describes a particular teacher professional development model offered in schools on and bordering the Navajo Nation in the southwestern United States. The Diné Institute for Navajo Nation Educators (DINÉ) offers professional development across all content areas and grade levels, but here we focus specifically on our work in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) content areas. Our work is situated explicitly within the literatures on Indigenous education, Native Nation Building, and culturally responsive schooling, but we also draw broadly on research in STEM education and teacher professional development. The research question explored in this paper is: To what extent and in what ways do teachers in the DINÉ develop STEM curriculum units that evidence culturally responsive principles and STEM education best practices? We share findings from three cohorts of teachers in the DINÉ’s STEM-focused professional development seminars. Teacher-authored curriculum units developed in the DINÉ were analyzed with two specific protocols: the CRAIS Tool, and the SCOOP notebook. Finally, we look closely at the curriculum units written by a single teacher in the DINÉ across the three years in order to get a clearer understanding of the nuances and richness of the findings and themes reported from the aggregate data.
Prevalence and Factors Related to Nomophobia: Arising Issues among Young Adults
Authors: Vagka Elissavet , Gnardellis Charalambos , Lagiou Areti , Notara Venetia
Published: August 2023

Nomophobia is characterized as apprehension of being apart from smartphone, which causes the user to seek proximity with the device. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence and factors associated to nomophobia among young adults in Athens, the capital city of Greece. A cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 1408 young adults aged 18–25 years. The questionnaire was anonymous, including the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, the smartphone uses, and the nomophobia questions. Statistical analyses were done by simple univariable techniques or modeling the data through generalized linear models. Almost all participants (99.9%) exhibited any level of nomophobia, with the moderate level prevailing (57.0%). Women and non-working participants were more likely to exhibit severe nomophobia (adj PR = 1.57) and any level of nomophobia was 30% higher among the participants whose father had no academic degree (p = 0.029). In addition, 59% of those with severe nomophobia had very frequent phone checking (p < 0.001) while 45.8% with any level of nomophobia reported a negative influence on their academic performance. Attention should be paid to early prevention through the development of integrated health promotion programs.