bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring older adults' health information seeking behavior: Evidence from urban China
Authors: Zhao Dongxiang
Published: October 2019

In order to achieve health self‐management and healthy aging, it has become an obvious trend for older adults to seek health information. The purpose of this poster is to present the results of a study implemented with thirty‐five older adults in urban China, designed to explore their health information seeking behavior. Semi‐structured interview and qualitative analysis were employed. The research results revealed the different preferences of older adults in urban China on the popularity and credibility of health information sources. The obstacles to their health information seeking behavior were mainly manifested in individual factors and social support. Additionally, the conceptual model was established, which described the factors influencing older adults' health information seeking behaviors and their relationships.
Argument ontology for describing scientific articles: A statistical study based on articles from two research areas
Authors: Zhou Huimin , Song Ningyuan , Cheng Hanghang , Wang Xiaoguang
Published: October 2019

The research provides (1) an account of the construction of a new Scientific Argument Ontology (SAO), (2) a statistical analysis of 40 articles from both fields of Library and Information Science and Biomedical Research, and (3) a summary of important differences between the article structures common to each respective field of study and characteristics of their contents as revealed by applying SAO to conduct qualitative analysis. Ontology coverage ratios as well as the ratios of different classes and evidence types were calculated in the analysis. The results show a comprehensive coverage of SAO, while also indicate that the ontological construction of scientific arguments should fully consider the characteristics of their disciplines and fields in order to better facilitate extraction, discovery and retrieval.
Linking the thoughts within scientific papers: Construction and visualization of argumentation graph
Authors: Zhou Huimin , Song Ningyuan , Chang Wanli , Wang Xiaoguang
Published: October 2019

Argumentation structure within the content of scientific paper is the fundamental for proving scientific findings. Constructing the argumentation graph is an effective way to realize the visualization of argumentation structure and help users quickly understand the logical of papers. This study presents the method for constructing argumentation graph of scientific papers, includes an ontology for describing the scientific papers' argumentation structure, a process for deep semantic annotation and a mapping protocols for transforming the annotation results into graph structure by using Neo4J. The method was applied to construct an argumentation graph and the argumentation process retrieval was also realized. The result suggest that the argumentation graph could be benefit for the argumentation visualization and strategic reading of scientific papers.
“Computer what's your favourite colour?” children's information‐seeking strategies in the classroom
Authors: Vanderschantz Nicholas , Hinze Annika
Published: October 2019

This research investigates children's information seeking in primary and intermediate school classrooms as seen by their teachers. We report the results of a series of semi‐structured interviews with teachers of pre‐teen children. The teachers discussed specific issues that children encounter during information search, including query construction and information triage difficulties. Further issues were identified during the interviews regarding motivation, frustration and poor strategies for overcoming barriers. We compare the results of our teacher interviews reported here with the results of an interview study with children. This paper concludes that even with significant advancements in technology, teachers and children still require further assistance in order to succeed in their inquiry practices.
Exploration of information organization in language archives
Authors: Burke Mary , Zavalina Oksana
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

This submission reports preliminary results of the first stage of a research project that seeks to identify the information organization methods and techniques currently offered in the language data archives and the gaps between the tools and techniques available and the needs of actual and potential users of language data archives. We conducted an exploratory content analysis of the websites of the language archives (LAs) hosted by the institutions located in the United States and several other countries. The focus of our exploratory content analysis is on the information organization, including documentation on metadata standards, displaying of individual metadata records and availability of harvesting sets of metadata records, provision of advanced discovery and navigation options powered by metadata such as availability of adaptive and personalized search or social tagging functionality. Here, we report our preliminary findings and describe our plan for Stage 2 of the.
How were science mapping tools applied? the application of science mapping tools in LIS and non‐LIS domains
Authors: He Jiangen , Lou Wen , Li Kai
Published: October 2019

As a scientific field, scientific mapping offers a set of standardized methods and tools that can be consistently adopted by researchers in different knowledge domains to answer their own research questions. This study examined scientific articles that applied science mapping tools (SMTs) to analyze scientific domains and the citations of these application articles. To understand the roles of these application articles in scholarly communication, we analyzed them and their citations by classifying them into library and information science (LIS) and other fields (non‐LIS) in terms of both publication venues and analyzed domains. Through our preliminary study, we found that science mapping, a topic that is deeply situated in the LIS field, has gained increasing attention from various non‐LIS scientific fields over the past few years. The application articles within and outside of the LIS fields played different roles in advancing the application of science mapping.
Modeling and representation of intangible cultural heritage knowledge using linked data and ontology
Authors: Hou Xilong , Wang Xiaoguang
Published: October 2019

Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) contains rich knowledge, and the effective organization and management of ICH knowledge is the foundation for the protection and inheritance of ICH. The development of semantic Web technology changes the way of knowledge representation and expression and provides new ideas and methods for the organizing and sharing of ICH knowledge. This paper describes a research project: to model and manage the ICH knowledge by publishing the knowledge as linked data. Firstly, a knowledge ontology was designed to reveal and standardize the concept, attribute and relationship of ICH knowledge elements. Then, we converted the knowledge to RDF data basted on the knowledge ontology and linked the entities with DBpedia and GeoNames. Finally, taking the ICH in Hubei province as an example, the methodology was used to create an RDF dataset which published as linked open data, and develop a knowledge service platform based on the linked data service. The research has promoted the standardization of knowledge management of ICH in China, which is of great significance for the protection and dissemination of ICH.
VR creation experience in cultural heritage education: A preliminary exploration
Authors: Hu Xiao , Ng Jeremy , Lee Jin Ha
Published: October 2019

Despite an increasing adoption of virtual reality (VR) in education, few studies have explored VR creation in cultural heritage education. This study aims to investigate students' experience of creating VR content featuring cultural heritage in an undergraduate general education course repurposed from a digital collection course. A survey was conducted with 87 students, collecting both close‐ended and open‐ended responses. A coding framework was designed to analyze students' open‐ended responses. Preliminary findings show that students were largely satisfied with the experience, which helped learners from diverse academic backgrounds toward acquiring technological skills that are essential for the 21st century workforce. The VR creation experience also motivated the students to learn more about cultural heritage. Technical issues regarding spherical photo‐taking and the online VR creation tool were identified, which may call for new alternative tools and devices. Findings offer empirical evidence on the value of integrating VR creation into cultural heritage education, as well as implications for pedagogical design and educational applications of VR creation.
Transitions and social interaction: Making sense of self and situation through engagement with others
Authors: McKenzie Pam , Willson Rebekah
Published: October 2019

This short paper examines social interaction (e.g. asking colleagues for help in the lunchroom) as an informative experience, a way to understand oneself and situation. The process of coming to an understanding is frequently hidden, but may be brought to light by examining the experiences of individuals undergoing a transition – a change that requires them to redefine their sense of self and situation. Using exemplars from previous research and drawing on Lave and Wenger's (1991) theory of situated learning, this paper explores the importance of social interaction to information practices. The role of social interaction will be discussed, including: information seeking to become part of a community, and social interaction as a source of information and as a site for information comparison (a type of information use) to situate oneself in a new environment. The paper proposes making social interaction a focus of study to better understand how individuals use information to change perception about and situate themselves.
Designing feedback information to encourage users' participation performances in citizen science projects
Authors: Tang Jian , Zhou Xinxue , Yu Meihua
Published: October 2019

Providing feedback is a design intervention that can enhance users' motivation and engagement in various contexts. Yet, prior research on citizen science has not specifically investigated how the design of feedback information can influence user experience and contribution. Furthermore, whether the presentation of feedback information may affect the quantity and quality of user contribution also requires further investigation. Drawing upon the feedback intervention theory, we propose a research model to depict the influence of feedback types (descriptive vs. evaluative) and feedback valences (positive vs. negative) on self‐efficacy and enjoyment, which then affect the quantity and quality of contribution. We have developed an experiment website and will conduct an online experiment to validate our research model. The findings will provide the groundwork for feedback information design to enhance users' participation performance in citizen science projects.
From free to fee: Exploring the factors that influence the askers' switching behavior on online Q&A platforms
Authors: Zhao Yuxiang (Chris) , Liu Zhouying , Chen Si , Zhu Qinghua
Published: October 2019

More and more social Q&A platforms are launching new business models to monetize online knowledge. Many users of the traditional free Q&A are gradually adopting the payment‐based Q&A services. Previous studies have focused more on askers' participation behaviors in the free Q&A context, while few of them explored the switching behavior of askers from free‐ to payment‐based Q&A platforms. Based on the push‐pull‐mooring (PPM) model, this paper aims at exploring the influencing factors of askers' switching behavior using the critical incident technique. The classification scheme of the factors that influence the askers' switching behaviors includes 5 categories and 16 subcategories. We also use the entropy‐weight method to calculate the weight of each factor. The findings suggest that the psychological characteristics, cognitive needs, and financial incentives have great impacts on askers' switching behavior in the Q&A context.
Information encountering in the humanities: Embeddedness, temporality, and altruism
Authors: Buchanan Sarah A. , Erdelez Sanda
Published: October 2019

Humanities research informs people's movements across time and reshapes cultural worldviews. While we know that humanists integrate information resources into their research program and that serendipitous discoveries enable truly transformative knowledge creation, our picture of discovery in the humanities is unclear. There is an important role for information professionals to better support humanistic discovery as routine practice. To fully comprehend the complex research activities of humanities scholars it is necessary to expand upon existing models of information encountering (IE) by analyzing discovery episodes and the temporal and topical factors in play. We take particular interest in studying how scholars in the art history and archeology disciplines conceptualize, pursue, and often complete research projects. Ultimately we present an amended IE model that reveals intricate connections between IE, rediscovery, and altruistic collaboration mutually evolving over distinct timespans.
How scientists interact with bacteria: Creating new knowledge
Authors: Forero Giovanni
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a current investigation analyzing the interactions between scientists and their objects of study, specifically bacteria, to understand the role of physical objects during informational processes of investigation and research; it focuses on the techniques that the scientists deployed in the laboratory during the course of their investigation in order to generate information and build knowledge. This investigation is carried out in a micro‐biology laboratory at an Australasian university that studies particular bacteria and how they become resistant to antibiotics. This study uses Latour's Actor Network Theory (ANT) as a conceptual framework and methodological approach, in order to understand the associations and interactions enacted in the laboratory as a mechanism to produce scientific papers, and how these interactions are mediated by a range of actors including technology, practices and personal events. This study also discusses some of the implications of using ANT as a conceptual framework and methodological approach, and its potential value as a theoretical foundation for future research in information studies.
The landscape of archived studies in a social science data infrastructure: Investigating the ICPSR metadata records
Authors: Lee Jian‐Sin , Jeng Wei
Published: October 2019

Data sharing and reuse practices in social sciences have changed in the past few decades with the continuing development of cyber‐infrastructures. However, little is known about how such practices chronically change over time. Via the lens of 35 years' worth of archived data on the world's largest social science data infrastructure, ICPSR, this study aims to reveal data characteristics (e.g., archived data themes and temporal distribution) that shape and represent the trend of social science data sharing and reuse. After a preliminary analysis on metadata of 10,362 studies and 159,616 associated citation records, an upward trend is found regarding the number of studies archived on ICPSR and their citation counts. We also report problems with metadata standards and the challenges of reusing data derived from these studies. Our results can be a cornerstone to investigate the roles of ICPSR as a research data infrastructure within the context of open science.
Understanding early research experiences through the lens of connected learning
Authors: Magee Rachel M. , Simpson Amari T.
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the early research experiences of eighteen researchers from a variety of scholarly fields to identify key factors in effective, successful experiences. Applying thematic analysis to semi‐structured interviews, and using the Connected Learning framework as a lens to examine early research experiences, we identify three factors that are common in successful experiences: exposure to key events early in researchers' lives, mentorship from a variety of sources that proactively connects early researchers to opportunities and models support, and experiences that prompt curiosity and joy, sparking the interests of those who go on to become researchers. This work has implications for the design of early research experiences and demonstrates how connecting youth to research opportunities early in their learning allows them to pursue their interests, build relationships with mentors/mentees, and access opportunities to develop as researchers and critical thinkers.
Investigating users' affective load in collaborative search
Authors: Huang Kun , Yuan Xin , Li Lei , Ye Edwin Mouda
Published: October 2019

This paper draws on affective load theory to explore the characteristics of users' affective load in collaborative searching. In this experimental study, a total of 32 participants were recruited and divided into 16 pair‐groups. Each pair‐group collaboratively completed three search tasks in the Coagmento system. Users reported more irritation than anxiety, frustration, and rage. Moreover, the greater a task's perceived difficulty, the higher the irritation, anxiety and frustration felt by users. Users' affective load was higher when they spent more time on a search than they expected to. Conversely, their sense of retrieval success, self‐motivation to search contributed to reducing users' perceived affective load, but not as much as satisfaction with collaborative search results, and satisfaction with collaborative task outcomes did.
There is a method to it: Making meaning in information research through a mix of paradigms and methods
Authors: Connaway Lynn Silipigni , Faniel Ixchel M. , Narayan Bhuva , Sayyed‐Abdi Elham
Published: October 2019

The current information environment provides many options for individuals in finding information and acquiring resources. It is increasingly necessary for Information Science (IS) researchers to employ user‐centered research methods in order to better identify individuals' information behaviors within their contextual worlds. This panel will provide an overview of some of the novel user‐centered research methods being used globally in information research within various contexts. Focusing on some recent innovative projects ranging from information discovery and access, refugee information behaviors, and cyberbullying, to personal health information management, the panel will examine the benefits, challenges, and implications for IS researchers. The panel will have an interactive component for participants to learn how to incorporate new methodologies in innovative ways within their research to make new meaning from their user studies.
Data Science Education in Library and Information Science Schools
Authors: Hagen Loni , Andrews James , Federer Lisa , Benoit Gerald
Published: October 2019

The need for data science education has grown recently among Library and Information Science schools to better prepare information professionals for the world of big data. However, there are many challenges to providing education on data science in Library and Information Science schools. For example, developing curricula and models for managing faculty resources (full‐time teaching, buy‐out, or specialized faculty) are some initial, common challenges. Participants will present their experiences and insights regarding data science education, which may include curricula, barriers, and best practices in the panel presentations. The panel session then will open up to an active discussion session with the audience, who will be encouraged to share their experiences and insights. This panel session is part of an ongoing effort by the organizers to establish sustainable data science education in Information Science schools. Developing a framework and curricula of data science education in Information Science schools, based on best practices and informed by experience, is the optimal goal of this ongoing effort. The success of this effort depends on active participation of the participants. This panel is sponsored by SIG ED.
Bridging the library and information science research – practice gap: A panel discussion
Authors: Partridge Helen , Given Lisa M. , Abdi Elham Sayyad , Buchanan George , Bunker Kate , Luca Edward , McKay Dana , Narayan Bhuva
Published: October 2019

The panel will explore the challenges and opportunities for bridging the library and information science (LIS) research practice gap in Australia. The panel brings together participants from the Research Assistance and Development for Australian Researchers (RADAR) Grant, an initiative of the Library and Information Science Research Australia (LISRA) project. The LISRA project is a three‐year project aimed at encouraging and enabling research culture and practice within the Australian LIS sector.
Data science research and practice: High time for synergy
Authors: Rorissa Abebe , Federer Lisa , Hagen Loni , Kim Jeonghyun (Annie) , Andrews James
Published: October 2019

Rapid increase in the rate of information and communication technology innovations resulted in the Big Data phenomenon and, in turn, led to challenges in data curation, management, processing, access, preservation, and dissemination. To effectively address these challenges, synergistic collaborations and partnerships between researchers and practitioners need to be established. For research to inform practice, and vice versa, the ASIS&T community, specifically those engaged in data science research and practice, need to regularly share their ideas, issues, findings, and best practices so that this young sub‐discipline can grow and thrive. We believe a suitable time has arrived for all stakeholders to deliberate on how best to create synergy between researchers and practitioners in order to help set the agenda for the near and distant future. To that end, we are proposing an interactive panel where panelists will lead a discussion by researchers and practitioners to identify any gaps with respect to data science research and practice to collaboratively find ways to address them.
On the domain of attraction and local stabilization of nonlinear parameter‐varying systems
Authors: Lu Linhong , Fu Rong , Zeng Jianping , Duan Zhisheng
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the domain of attraction (DA) and the local stabilization problem are investigated under the nonlinear parameter‐varying (NPV) framework. Specifically, to take into account the time‐varying parameter, we generalize the definition of robust DA (RDA) and propose the concept of parameter‐dependent DA (PDA) for NPV systems, together with the sum‐of‐squares (SOS) conditions for their estimations. Differently from the existing DA‐related works, the theoretical results in this paper can be applied to a large class of nonlinear polynomial systems including the time‐invariant, the parameter‐dependent, and the uncertain ones. Moreover, the commonly used iterative/coordinate‐wise search is avoided because we eliminate the bilinear product terms between the Lyapunov functional and the SOS multipliers. We also consider the local stabilization problem of NPV systems, in which the RDA can be specified as a control performance index. Finally, several examples are given for illustration purposes.
Tunable Thermo‐ and pH‐Responsive Hydrogels and MWCNTs/Hydrogel Containing 2‐Aminobenzamide Units in Their Crosslink Chains
Authors: Karimi Ali R. , Nikravesh Golara , Bayat Fahimeh , Khodadadi Azam , Tarighatjoo Mahsa
Published: October 2019

In the present article, a new class of chitosan hydrogels containing 2‐aminobenzamide units in their crosslink chains was prepared by reaction of chitosan with different percentages of bis‐isatoic anhydride as cross‐linker at 70 °C. Then, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/hydrogel nanocomposites were fabricated by crosslinking of chitosan with bis‐isatoic anhydride in the presence of 0.1% and 0.3% (w/w) MWCNTs. Scanning electron microscopy images have verified a 3D porous nanostructure with uniform morphology which MWCNTs were dispersed uniformly on the matrix of hydrogel nanocomposite. The swelling behaviours of the hydrogels and their nanocomposites were investigated by swelling the gels in media of different temperatures and pH. The results indicated the pH‐thermo dual behaviour of hydrogels. Finally, metronidazole was selected as a model drug for the investigation of the drug release properties of the prepared hydrogels. The metronidazole release was affected by physical properties of medium and chemical content of hydrogels.
Hollow α‐Fe2O3 Nanotubes Embedded in Graphene Aerogel as High‐Performance Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Lingfeng , Wei Guo , Dong Xiaoyu , Zhao Yulong , Xing Zheng , Hong Haiping , Ju Zhicheng
Published: October 2019

Hematite, with the higher theoretical capacity, as one of the most promising alternatives attract great attention in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, it is suffers from severe volume expansion and shrinkage during the insertion and extraction of Li ions. Here novel 3D graphene aerogel load with hollow Fe2O3 nanotubes was synthesized with the help of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and N‐Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) by a simple hydrothermal method. Serving as an anode material for LIBs, this composite manifested great cycle performance of high columbic efficiency (97%∼99%), high specific discharged capacity (1512 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and high rate capability (280 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1). The superior performance of the material mainly depends on the interaction of graphene sheets and hollow Fe2O3 nanotubes. The 3D framework affords shorter diffusion distance for Li ions and enormous area to accommodate the volume expansion during the insertion/extraction of Li ions. Herein, this composite demonstrates a new way to modify the morphology of Fe2O3 and displays high efficiency and good performance as the anode of LIBs.
Density Functional Computations for Co(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroacylation of Benzaldehydes
Authors: Wang Fen , Meng Qingxi
Published: October 2019

Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to study and expound Co(I)‐catalyzed intermolecular hydroacylation of benzaldehydes. The ωB97XD/6‐31G(d,p) level (LANL2DZ(f) for I and Co) was applied to optimize all intermediates and transition states. The computational results revealed that Co(I)‐catalyzed hydroacylation went primarily through the oxidative addition, hydrogen migration, and reductive elimination, the rate‐limiting step was the reductive elimination, and the ester was dominating product. The complexation of benzaldehyde occurred prior to its oxidative addition in the active three‐coordinated cobalt‐diphosphine‐benzaldehyde intermediate. The decarbonylation would be prohibited as a result of high relative Gibbs free energies. Moreover, the role of iodide ion, the additive iPr2NEt, and the solvent toluene were studied in detail.
Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite to Fluorographene: An Effect of Degree of Functionalization on 2Br−/Br2 Redox Reaction
Authors: Yeddala Munaiah , Narayanan Tharangattu N. , Pitchai Ragupathy , Pillai Vijayamohanan K.
Published: October 2019

In this work, we employed the electrochemical exfoliation (EE) to synthesize and tune the degree of functionalization in fluorinated graphene (FG) and studied its (degree of functionalization) effect on bromine redox reaction. The degree of functionalization was tuned by varying the concentration of the electrolyte. Physical characterization of as‐synthesized FG reveals that fluorine and oxygen content varies from 2.32 to 3.92 atomic % and from 10.46 to 21.16 atomic % respectively. The concentration of fluoride to hydroxide ion ratio should be at an optimum level in the electrolyte to get maximum degree of fluorination, which shows a sizeable effect on bromine redox reaction. The bromine redox reaction is more reversible on highly FG and less reversible on less FG and Oxygen functionalities has no effect on the reaction. The kinetic parameters such as rate constant (k) (varying from 1.45 x 10−3 to 52.43 x 10−3 mA/cm2) and exchange current density (io) (varying from 2.61 x 10−4 to 9.92 x 10−4 cm/s) suggest that nature and degree of functionalization play a vital role to improve the kinetics of redox reaction of bromine. This investigation can pave paths to design new and sustainable electrode materials for bromine‐based redox flow batteries.
Effect of Cobalt Phthalocyanine on Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Polyaniline
Authors: Andriianova Anastasiia N. , Mustafin Akhat G. , Abdrakhmanov Ildus B.
Published: October 2019

Organic transition metal complexes are successfully used in polymerization due to their catalytic activity in oxidative reactions. Here, polyaniline was synthesized with cobalt phthalocyanine as catalysts for the aniline oxidative polymerization. The conditions for obtaining polyaniline significantly affect the final product and the introduction of the component into the reaction mixture leads to a change in the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Thus, the effect of the catalyst on the polymer chain was determined using FTIR, UV‐visible spectral methods and atomic adsorption analysis. Electrical conductivity, thermal stability, electrochemical parameters (HOMO‐LUMO, band gap), surface morphology, and fluorescence emission spectra were estimated for the polymer samples obtained. The study of synthesized polymeric materials resulted that the use of cobalt phthalocyanines in the aniline oxidative polymerization process leads to better physicochemical properties, namely electrical conductivity, band gap and fluorescence quantum yield.
The Hydrolysis Equilibrium Effect of Water with Cu(II) Catalysts Used for the Selective Synthesis of Xylitol Monoacetals as Bio‐Based Surfactants
Authors: Tang Qiong , Li Xu , Dong Jinxiang
Published: October 2019

Xylitol obtained from the biomass was converted into selective products via acetalization with long‐chain aldehydes in the presence of water. The results demonstrate that CuSO4 may be a promising catalyst for the synthesis of monoacetals from n‐octanal. Upon adding the corresponding sodium salt to inhibit the hydrolysis reaction, CuSO4 was less efficient at promoting the reaction when compared to other soluble copper salts (CuCl2, Cu(NO3)2 and Cu(OTf)2) because of its low Lewis acid activity in water. According to the results obtained under different pH conditions, the CuSO4 catalyst was able to selectively prepare the monoacetal because the initial reaction rate was controlled using gradual hydrolysis. Two other monoacetals obtained from n‐hexanal and n‐decanal were also synthesized. In addition, the surfactant properties of all the as‐prepared monoacetals were evaluated.
Construction of 2D/2D Heterogeneous of ZIF‐8/SnS2 Composite as a Transfer of Band‐Band System for Efficient Visible Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Chou Xiaoyu , Ye Jin , Cui Mimi , Li Yudong , He Yanzhen , Liu Xiaofei , Wang Hongchao
Published: October 2019

Constructing two‐dimensional (2D) heterostructured nanocomposites is an effective method to boost photo‐generated carrier separation efficiently using layer material. In this work, a tightly coupled 2D/2D ZIF‐8/SnS2 nanosheet heterogeneous composite was successfully prepared. Due to the good heterogeneous interface between 2D SnS2 and 2D ZIF‐8 nanosheet, 2D/2D ZIF‐8/SnS2 nanocomposites formed a large contact interface, leading to high efficient interfacial charge transfer efficiency and shortening the distance of charge transmission. As a result, the optimized SnS2/2D‐ZIF‐8 composites possess excellent photocatalytic properties and the rate of degradation toward MB under visible light for 100 minutes is 2.32 and 26.75 times than that of pure SnS2 and 2D‐ZIF‐8, respectively. This work offers an efficient way to design 2D/2D heterojunction composites as visible‐light‐driven catalyst for the photocatalytic application.
Determination of Ibuprofen in Tablets and Human Blood Samples: Effect of Clay in Minimizing Overvoltage of Ibuprofen Oxidation
Authors: Ouafy Hayat El , Hammani Hasna , Farahi Abdelfettah , Lahrich Sara , Bakasse Mina , Mhammedi Moulay Abderrahim El
Published: October 2019

In the current research, clay particles modified graphite electrode (Clay−CPE) was used for the electrocatalytic oxidation of ibuprofen (IBU). This clay was utilized to reduce the distortions of ibuprofen oxidation peak shape and for a better signal to noise ratio. The surface characterization of the clay and their activity toward IBU oxidation were studied by electrochemical methods in particular: cyclic voltammetry, Tafel plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The number of the electrons, rate constant and kinetic parameters related to ibuprofen oxidation were calculated. The ibuprofen peak gets more symmetrical in the presence of clay giving a detection limit (LOD) of 8.35×10−7 mol L−1 (3Sb/M) using differential pulse voltammetry. The main practical applicability of the modified electrode was explored by determining ibuprofen in tablets and human blood samples.
Polyethylene‐Glycol‐ (PEG‐400) Mediated Environmentally Benign Protocol for the Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines from Benzyl Amines at Room Temperature
Authors: Patil Bhausaheb N. , Lade Jatin J. , Pardeshi Sachin D. , Patil Prashant , Chaskar Atul C.
Published: October 2019

A metal‐free, adorable, cascade protocol for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines at room temperature using benzylamine derivatives and 1‐(2‐aminoaryl)pyrrole has been performed. This synthetic protocol involves oxidation of benzylamine derivatives into respective aldehydes followed by condensation with 1‐(2‐aminoaryl)pyrrole in PEG‐400 as a green and reusable solvent using K2S2O8 as an oxidant. The transition metal free as well as ligand free synthesis along with broad substrate scope, wide functional group tolerance and good to excellent yield of products makes it environmentally and economically viable.
Etidronic Acid Promoted Sequential One‐Pot Strategy for the Synthesis of 1H‐Imidazo[1,2‐b]pyrazoles: A Green Catalyst for Groebke‐Blackburn‐Bienaymé Reaction
Authors: Vilapara Kalpesh V. , Gami Sagar P. , Gadara Shobhna A. , Naliapara Yogesh T.
Published: October 2019

A development of Groebke‐Blackburn‐Bienaymé (GBB) reaction was shown by the application of Etidronic acid as a green catalyst. A number of 1H‐imidazo[1,2‐b]pyrazoles derivatives were prepared via multicomponent GBB reaction in one pot sequential steps by the condensation of 5‐amino‐1H‐pyrazole, aldehyde and isonitrile. Here, we have demonstrated the development of GBB protocol by the utility of Etidronic acid in milder reaction medium to modify and simplify the existing synthetic strategies that removes hazardous acids, toxic solvents and drastic conditions with sustainable product yields and purity.
Navigating geographic and cultural distances in international expansion: The paradoxical roles of firm size, age, and ownership
Authors: Li Yu , Zhang Yan A. , Shi Wei
Published: October 2019

Research Summary

While geographic and cultural distances deter firms' international expansion, they do so via different mechanisms, such that firms with advantages in overcoming one‐dimension may face disadvantages in overcoming the other. Larger, older, and state‐owned firms have better access to resources in their home countries than smaller, younger, and non‐state‐owned firms, and thus are less concerned about the high operating costs associated with larger geographic distances. However, they are less adaptable to culturally distant countries and thus are more concerned about larger cultural distances. We propose that firm size, age, and state ownership weaken the deterrent effect of geographic distance while amplifying the deterrent effect of cultural distance. Results using data on Chinese firms' location choices of foreign direct investments in 2001–2013 support our predictions.

Managerial Summary

A key decision that managers need to make in expanding overseas is the foreign location choice. Although managers generally refrain from expanding to geographically and culturally distant countries, the importance of geographic and cultural distances in their consideration varies across firms, which tend to differ in resource endowment and adaptability. Because larger, older, and state‐owned firms are better positioned to absorb additional operating costs but are less adaptable to foreign countries' local environments than smaller, younger, and non‐state‐owned firms, the deterrent effect of geographic distance (cultural distance) is weaker (stronger) for the former than for the latter. Our findings show that foreign countries that seem to be good fits when considering geographic distance may be misfits when considering cultural distance, and vice versa.
Biosorption in der Anwendung zur Reinigung von Kartoffelstärkeabwässern
Authors: Kintzel A.
Published: October 2019

Es werden Laboratoriumsversuche zur Reinigung des Abwassers aus der Kartoffelstärkefabrikation mit Belebtschlamm beschrieben. Das Biosorptionsverfahren ist für diesen Zweck besonders geeignet. Der Reinigungsprozeß unter Anwendung der Biosorption dauert 2½ Stunden und ergibt eine etwa 90% ige Senkung des BSB5‐Wertes.
Molecular association of starch at high temperature
Authors: Sterling By Cl.
Published: October 2019

A survey of native starches has shown that a high amylose‐containing corn starch and the starch of wrinkled pea (also with high amylose content) are characterized by the “B” X‐ray diffraction pattern. Starch gels which have been held and dried at 20 °C also exhibit a “B” pattern. Gels held and dried at 70 °C. tend to have a “C” pattern, with variations. These latter gels are less dispersible than gels of 20 °C. The evidence indicates a strong molecular association in starch gels which are held at high temperatures. Basic structural differences in molecules of different varieties of starch in high temperature gels are indicated by their varying crystalline forms.
Zur Frage eines mehrsprachigen Wörterbuches auf dem Gebiet der Stärke
Authors: Ulmann M.
Published: October 2019

Mehrsprachige Fachwörterbücher sind ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel für eine internationale fachliche Verständigung, und auch auf dem Stärkegebiet wäre ein solches Fachwörterbuch sehr erwünscht. Erschwerend wirkt sich häufig auch auf dem Gebiet der Stärke der Mangel an klaren Begriffsdefinitionen aus, was mit für die Schwierigkeiten verantwortlich zu machen ist, die leicht bei einer Verständigung in verschiedenen Sprachen, so auch bei Übersetzungen, auftreten. Seit einigen Jahren findet man internationale Bestrebungen zur Schaffung mehrsprachiger Fachwörterbücher für die verschiedensten Gebiete. In den Aufgabenbereich der UNESCO gehört die Beratung in Angelegenheiten der Wörterbücher, die Sorge um wissenschaftliche Dokumentation, Terminologie und Verbesserung von Übersetzungen. Das Technische Komitee TC 37 der ISO befaßt sich dagegen in der Hauptsache mit der Normung von Terminologien; es lenkt und berät die an Fachterminologien arbeitenden Organisationen.

Vorbereitende Arbeiten zur Schaffung eines mehrsprachigen Fachwörterbuches (deutschenglischrussisch) auf dem Stärkegebiet sind von der Abteilung für Stärkeforschung des Institutes für Ernährung der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin durch Anlage einer mehrsprachigen Fachwortsammlung geleistet worden. Es bedarf aber einer kritischen Gemeinschaftsarbeit eines möglichst großen Kreises von Fachleuten auf dem Gebiet der Stärke und seiner Nebengebiete, um die zahlreichen Definitions‐ und Normungsfragen zu klären, und um zu einem allen Anforderungen genügenden, mehrsprachigen Wörterbuch auf dem Gebiet der Stärke zu kommen.
Neuere Beiträge zur Chemie der Stärkefraktionen VI
Authors: Holló J. , Szejtli J. , László E.
Published: October 2019

Im Zuge unserer Untersuchungen wurde festgestellt, daß das polarographische Sauerstoffmaxima‐dämpfungsvermögen auch in der Stärkeforschung Anwendung finden kann. Die Kennlinie der Maximadämpfung der Stärke wurde mathematisch auf Grund der Langmuirschen Isotherme beschrieben. Es wurde untersucht, in welcher Weise der Sauerstoffgehalt der Lösung die obige Isotherme modifiziert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das Maximadämpfungsvermögen in bezug auf die folgenden Gebiete der Stärkeforschung besprochen:

Zur Untersuchung des Verlaufes und des Mechanismus der Verkleisterung,

zur Untersuchung der sauren Hydrolyse,

zur Untersuchung der Retrogradation.
Beurteilung der Inversionswirkung von Stärkesirupen vom Standpunkt der Bonbonerzeuger
Authors: Zelenka S. , Rašper V. , Paulu M.
Published: October 2019

Schlußfolgerung

Beim Vergleich beider Methoden, welcher sich der Bonbonerzeuger zur Beurteilung des Stärkesirups bedient, d. h. der Bestimmung des Inversionsvermögens (IV) und des Inversionsfaktors (IF), zeigte sich, daß die Beziehung zwischen diesen Werten nicht genügend nachweisbar ist. Analysen von direkt im Betriebe erzeugten Bonbonmassen ergaben, daß die Menge des gebildeten Invertzuckers in einer direkten Beziehung zu dem IV des Sirups steht. Da aber keine verläßliche Beziehung zwischen den Werten des IV und des IF nachgewiesen werden konnte, kann man auf Grund des IF nicht schließen, wie stark die katalytische Wirkung des Stärkesirups auf die angeführte Inversion sein wird. Die genaue Bestimmung des IF wird durch den nicht genügend deutlichen Farbumschlag der Indikatoren bei der Bestimmung der Titrationswerte erschwert und dies hauptsächlich bei gelb gefärbten Sirupen. Die Bestimmung des IV als Objektivierung der Bonbonprobe ist zwar umständlicher und erklärt nicht die Ursache der Inversionswirkung des Sirups, gibt aber dem Bonbonhersteller einen sehr verläßlichen Wert, da diese Bestimmung komplex die Wirkung der Faktoren auswertet, welche sich an der Bildung des Invertzuckers beteiligen und dabei eigentlich die Qualität der Hartkaramellen in bezug auf ihre Lagerfähigkeit beeinflussen. Zu diesen Faktoren ist es nötig, auch den katalytischen Einfluß der Kationen der Schwermetalle und der Erdalkalien einzu‐beziehen, denn diese erhöhen erheblich das IV.

Endlich wurde der puffernde Charakter der Stärkesirupe mit einem höheren scheinbaren Gehalt an P2O5 resp. einem höheren Phosphatäquivalent (PE) überprüft, welches sich günstig bei der Ansäuerung der noch nicht genügend gekühlten Bonbonmasse auswirken kann.
Crystallinity of potato starch
Authors: Sterlin Cl.
Published: October 2019

Methods have been described for the determination of the crystallinity of potato starch, based upon the X‐ray diffraction technique of Hermasns and Weidinger. The crystallinity of air‐dry native potato starch is 21%; that of the moistened, natioe starch is 28%. Air‐dry Lintnerized potato starch is 27% crystalline while the moistened, Lintnerized starch has a crystallinity of 34%. Crystallinity values, based upon other data, have, been computed; these fall within the limits of the determinations by the X‐ray method and help confirm those data.
L'eau de sorption de l'amidon: Etude par spectrologie hertzienne
Authors: Guilbot A. , Charbonniere R. , Abadie P. , Girard† P.
Published: October 2019

Wir zeigten die Möglichkeiten der Hertzschen Spektrologie zur Untersuchung eines Wasser‐Makromolekül‐Systems. Es scheint angebracht, besonders auf die Notwendigkeit hinzuweisen, die dielektrische Untersuchung in einem sehr weiten Frequenzbereich durchzuführen, sonst gelangt man nur zu fragmentarischen Ergebnissen, die die Schlußfolgerungen verfälschen können (17).

Einige Hypothesen verlangen genauere Bestätigungen, und die durchgeführte Spektralanalyse stellt in Anbetracht unserer Kenntnisse über feste Stoffe nur eine grobe Annäherung dar. Dennoch erweist sich die Methode von jetzt an als sehr wertvoll, da sie gestattet, die Größenordnung von unter verschiedenen Zuständen gebundenen Wassermengen, charakterisiert durch die mittlere Aktivierungsenergie, zu bestimmen. Nach unserer Kenntnis wurden bisher von den übrigen schon angewandten Untersuchungstechniken keine Angaben dieser Art geliefert. Die Resultate der Hertzschcn Spektrologie treffen sich in bestimmten Punkten mit denen der anderen Untersuchungstechniken: im besonderen die bemerkenswerten Wassergehalte von 9–10% (19, 21) und 15–16% (11) und vielleicht der Wassergehalt der etwa dem Sorptionsgleichgewicht des bei 20° C gesättigten Wasserdampfes entspricht (21).

Die Bindung des Wassers in makromolekularen Ketten wie die der Stärkekomponenten bleibt weiterhin wegen der Kontinuität und dem gleichzeitigen Vorhandensein verschiedener Typen von Wasser schwierig zu untersuchen. Nichtveröffentlichte Sorptionsresultate und augenblicklich durchgeführte Untersuchungen mit Hilfe der Beugung der Röntgenstrahlen lassen voraussehen, daß es durch Kombination der Hertzschen Spektrologie mit anderen physikochemischen Methoden möglich sein wird, genauere Kenntnisse zumindest über die Art der Bindung der ersten in der Stärke vorhandenen 15% Wasser zu gewinnen.
Ein neues kontinuierliches Dextrinierungsverfahren
Authors: Görner A.
Published: October 2019

According to the present state of development batch methods are generally applied to the production of dextrin, with the dextrin roaster representing the main unit of the manufacturing process. The trends of development in designing dextrin roasters are briefly referred to.

Modern research techniques, however, tend to streamline operating processes to which batch methods have hitherto been applied.

To meet these requirements a new continuous process of manufacturing dextrin has been developed. This new process involves acidifying in a continuous flow system, predrying in a continuous predryer and roasting in a continuous roasting drum. The following cooling process is carried out in a continuously operatedvertical cooler. Pre‐sifting and re‐sifting is done by the use of plansifters. Interposed between the preceding operations are the mixing and moistening processes. This new process of manufacturing dextrin comprises a suction pneumatic conveying system, thus eliminating any handling by means of screw conveyors and elevators. This arrangement equally provides a good aeration of the whole dextrin plant as well as it extremely meets safety requirements.

Amount of acid, steam pressure (roasting temperature) and number of revolutions of roasting drum (retention time) vary depending upon the desired type of dextrin.

The most important assemblies for the new continuous dextrination process were described.

acidification apparatus

preliminary drier

cooker

cooling shaft

mixing and moistening shaft

Results of operation.

The operation of the continuous dextrination process and the fluctuations in viscosity to be expected in permanent operation are described.
New Ga/N‐based Active Lewis Pairs, Trifunctional Ga–Ga Compounds, Reactions with Cyanamide and Dual Insertion of Isocyanate
Authors: Uhl Werner , Hengesbach Frank , Isermann Jennifer , Soleimani Meisam , Schürmann Lina , Hepp Alexander , Layh Marcus
Published: October 2019

Hydrogallation of Me3Si–C≡C–NR'2 with R2Ga–H (R = tBu, CH2tBu, iBu) yielded Ga/N‐based active Lewis pairs, R2Ga–C(SiMe3)=C(H)–NR'2 (7). The Ga and N atoms adopt cis‐positions at the C=C bonds and show weak Ga–N interactions. tBu2GaH and Me3Si–C≡C–N(C2H4)2NMe afforded under exposure of daylight the trifunctional digallium(II) compound [MeN(C2H4)2N](H)C=C(SiMe3)Ga(tBu)–Ga(tBu)C(SiMe3)=C(H)[N(C2H4)2NMe] (8), which results from elimination of isobutene and H2 and Ga–Ga bond formation. 8 was selectively obtained from the ynamine and [tBu(H)Ga–Ga(H)tBu]2[HGatBu2]2. 7a (R = tBu; NR'2 = 2,6‐Me2NC5H8) and H8C4N–C≡N afforded the adduct tBu2Ga‐C(SiMe3)=C(H)(2,6‐Me2NC5H8)·N≡C–NC4H8 (11) with the nitrile bound to gallium. The analogous ALP with harder Al atoms yielded an adduct of the nitrile dimer or oligomers of the nitrile at room temperature. The reaction of 7a with Ph–N=C=O led to the insertion of two NCO groups into the Ga–Cvinyl bond to yield a GaOCNCN heterocycle with Ga bound to O and N atoms (12).