bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shear bond strength characteristics on surface treatment modalities of CAD‐CAM resin polymers
Authors: Sinha Nikita , Thompson Geoffrey A. , Drago Carl , An Hongseok
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the shear bond strength of composite resin to a commercially available high‐performance polymer material for fixed, screw‐retained full arch restorations.

Material and Methods

A total of 135 computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing, high‐performance polymer (HPP) blocks were cut and obtained from discs (Trilor 95, Harvest Dental, Brea, CA). The samples were 10 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm. The specimen surfaces were grouped as untreated (Group A), 50 μm Al2O3 (Group B), 110 μm Al2O3 (Group C), Rocatec (3 M, St. Paul, MN) activated with silica‐modified alumina oxide treatment (Group D); and trimmed coarsely with a carbide bur (Group E). Group A samples were used as controls. After surface treatments, the specimens were gently cleansed with oil‐free steam and alcohol wipes. Surface conditioning was performed on all physically treated samples.  The manufacturer's recommendations were followed for bonding composite resin to the samples with light‐cured Visio.link (Bredent, Chesterfield, UK). Cylinders were veneered with composite resins (diameter 5 mm, height 4 mm) and polymerized on the specimen surfaces through plastic tubes. Twenty‐seven specimens were used for each testing group and aging tests were performed. The experimental samples were thermocycled.  Shear bond strength and scanning electron microscopic tests were performed. Means and standard deviations were calculated.  Statistical analysis was performed with post‐hoc Tukey tests.

Results

Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the groups (p<0.001). The highest shear bond strengths were achieved for the specimens bonded with Visio.link without physical surface treatments (270.47 MPa). The lowest bond strengths were found for specimen surfaces abraded with 110 μm Al2O3 (117.03 Mpa)

Conclusions

The results of this laboratory study indicated that the specimens used with Visio.link as provided by the manufacturer had the highest shear bond strengths between the composite resin and high‐performance polymer test specimens. Modifications of the high‐performance polymer surfaces with carbide burs did not change bonding strengths with the composite materials.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of IgA vasculitis with intussusception and intestinal perforation
Authors: Mu Jing
Published: November 2023

Aim

Intussusception is the most common surgical complication of IgA vasculitis (IgAV), and intestinal perforation is usually associated with intussusception. If they are not recognised and treated in a timely manner, serious consequences may occur. The objective is to summarise the clinical features of IgAV complicated by intussusception and intestinal perforation and explore its risk factors.

Methods

The clinical data of 32 patients with IgAV complicated by surgical complications (25 cases of intussusception and 7 cases of intestinal perforation) were retrospectively analysed. A total of 160 IgAV children with gastrointestinal (GI) involvement but without surgical complications were randomly selected as a control group. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors for IgAV with intussusception and intestinal perforation.

Results

Compared with the intussusception group, the intestinal perforation group had a significantly higher number of patients with GI symptoms prior to skin purpura and GI bleeding, a significantly higher number of days of abdominal pain, a significantly higher Wong‐Baker score, and a significantly higher white blood cell count. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≤7 years, GI symptoms prior to skin purpura, abdominal pain intensity (Wong‐Baker scale) and timing of glucocorticoid treatment were independent risk factors of IgAV with intussusception and intestinal perforation.

Conclusion

Age less than 7 years, severe abdominal pain, and GI symptoms prior to skin purpura were risk factors for IgAV with intussusception and intestinal perforation. Early use of glucocorticoids may prevent intussusception and intestinal perforation.
Reconciling guardianship with ownership: Protecting taonga plants, Māori knowledge, and plant variety rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Jefferson David J.
Published: November 2023

The Plant Variety Rights Act of Aotearoa New Zealand (PVR Act), recently reformed in 2022, adopts new protections for Indigenous relations with native and culturally significant plants, and for traditional knowledge. The Act specifically aims to protect kaitiaki (guardian or caretaker) relationships that Māori have with taonga (treasured, culturally significant) plant species and mātauranga Māori (Indigenous knowledge) in the PVR system. By taking these reforms into account and examining how they may operate in practice, this article considers whether the PVR Act fulfils the constitutional obligations the government owes to Māori under the Treaty of Waitangi | Te Tiriti o Waitangi framework. In addition to conducting a doctrinal assessment of the revised statute, the article undertakes an intellectual property landscape analysis, revealing how PVR systems, both domestically and overseas, have been used by non‐Māori entities to assert ownership claims to varieties of taonga plants in the past. The article further draws upon a third research methodology, presenting initial results from qualitative interviews conducted with Māori and non‐Māori experts in intellectual property, taonga plants, and mātauranga Māori. Synthesising the results of these three forms of investigation, the article argues that while some of the changes made in the PVR Act support the exercise of partial Māori authority in relation to taonga, it remains to be seen whether the Treaty promise of tino rangatiratanga (chieftainship, sovereignty, or self‐determination) can be fully achieved in the PVR system.
“Pero yo también estoy aprendiendo”: Negotiating expert and novice positions in heritage–second language learner interaction
Authors: Fernández–Dobao Ana
Published: November 2023

Drawing on positioning theory and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of mind, this study analyzes the discursive processes through which expert and novice positions are negotiated in heritage–second language (HL–L2) learner interaction. It examines how positioning practices shape collaboration between HL and L2 learners, determining what types of learning opportunities are created and for whom. Data was collected in a high‐intermediate Spanish language class with 8 HL and 10 L2 learners. As part of their regular course activities, learners completed four collaborative writing tasks in mixed dyads. Three HL–L2 interactions were selected as case studies. The combined analysis of discursive positioning, patterns of interaction, and language‐related episodes showed how expert positions, often assigned to HL learners due to their heritage speaker status, constrain these learners’ access to the linguistic feedback and help needed for HL development. When pre‐established conceptions of linguistic expertise are challenged and HL learners are positioned as language learners, with knowledge to gain, and their L2 partners as equal peers, with knowledge to share, opportunities for HL development expand. The article discusses the research and pedagogical implications of these findings.
Experiences and perspectives of nurses infected with COVID‐19: A qualitative systematic review and meta‐synthesis
Authors: Yao Yue , Zeng Qinglin , Wang Yuqiang , Shi Huijing , Zeng Yanli
Published: November 2023

This qualitative systematic review aims to comprehensively understand the experiences and perspectives of nurses infected with COVID‐19, addressing a significant gap in the current literature. Following the JBI meta‐synthesis approach, a rigorous search was conducted across nine electronic databases and references until January 16, 2023. Seventeen eligible studies underwent quality assessment using the JBI critical checklist. Data were synthesized using standardized tools, and the ConQual tool evaluated confidence in the findings. Seven key findings emerged, providing valuable insights into emotional experiences, adaptation to COVID‐19 challenges, influence of support systems, coping strategies, posttraumatic growth perceptions, and effects on professional identity and career advancement. The findings highlight emotional toll, adaptive strategies, and professional implications for nurses. Moreover, they emphasize the importance of support systems, coping mechanisms, and posttraumatic growth in promoting nurses' well‐being and resilience. These insights have practical implications for targeted interventions and support mechanisms to enhance infected nurses' well‐being and improve healthcare outcomes.
Left atrial appendage occlusion using the LAmbre device in atrial fibrillation patients with a history of ischemic stroke: 1‐Year outcomes from a multicenter study in China
Authors: Bangash Abdul Basit , Li Yuechun , Huang Weijian , Zhong Jingquan , Zheng Hongmei , Zhang Dayong , Zeng Anning , Wang Rui , Zhao Wenbiao , Wang Maojing , Zhao Yu , Yu Lu , Liu Qiang , Jiang Ruhong , Jiang Chenyang , Zhang Jinhua
Published: November 2023

Background

Patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and previous stroke have a significantly higher risk of stroke recurrence. This study aimed to examine the safety and efficacy of the LAmbre left atrial appendage occlusion device in NVAF patients with a history of stroke.

Methods

We examined 103 consecutive NVAF patients in 11 Chinese medical centers who had a history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and underwent placement of the LAmbre device. Follow‐up was conducted 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. The primary endpoints were the incidence of new ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, TIA, systemic embolism, or cardiac death. Secondary endpoints were serious perioperative or device‐related complications and cerebral, gastrointestinal, or other bleeding events requiring transfusion of at least 2 units of packed red blood cells.

Results

Mean patient age was 67.63 ± 7.14 years; mean CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 4.72 ± 1.18 and mean HAS‐BLED score was 1.90 ± 1.00. LAmbre device placement was successful in 101 patients (98.05%). Mean follow‐up was 12.2 months. Five patients (4.95%) developed a new pericardial effusion after the procedure; none required treatment. Eighty‐six patients (85.15%) exhibited no peri‐device leak (PDL). However, 13 (12.8%) had a small (0–3 mm) PDL and two (2.3%) had a moderate PDL (3–5 mm). One recurrent stroke occurred during follow‐up (1.1%). No other complications occurred.

Conclusions

This multicenter study shows the safety and efficacy of LAmbre left atrial appendage occlusion for NVAF patients with a history of stroke or TIA.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutations of FANTASTIC FOUR gene family for creating early flowering mutants in tomato
Authors: Shang Lele , Tao Jinbao , Song Jianwen , Wang Yaru , Zhang Xingyu , Ge Pingfei , Li Fangman , Dong Haiqiang , Gai Wenxian , Grierson Donald , Ye Zhibiao , Zhang Yuyang
Published: November 2023

Flowering time is of great agricultural importance and the timing and extent of flowering usually determines yield and availability of flowers, fruits and seeds. Identification of genes determining flowering has important practical applications for tomato breeding. Here we demonstrate the roles of the FANTASTIC FOUR (FAF) gene family in regulating tomato flowering time. In this plant‐specific gene family, SlFAF1/2a shows a constitutive expression pattern during the transition of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) from vegetative to reproductive growth and significantly influences flowering time. Overexpressing SlFAF1/2a causes earlier flowering compared with the transformations of other genes in the FAF family. SlFAF1/2c also positively regulates tomato flowering, although to a lesser extent. The other members of the SlFAF gene family, SlFAF1/2b, SlFAF3/4a and SlFAF3/4b, are negative regulators of tomato flowering and faf1/2b, faf3/4a and faf3/4b single mutants all display early flowering. We generated a series of early flowering mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system, and the faf1/2b faf3/4a faf3/4b triple mutant flowering earliest compared with other mutants. More importantly, these mutants show no adverse effect on yield. Our results have uncovered the role of the FAF gene family in regulating tomato flowering time and generated early flowering germplasms for molecular breeding.
Evaluation of serial monitoring of donor‐specific antibodies in pediatric and adult intestinal/multivisceral transplant recipients
Authors: Klein Kelsey , Keck Megan , Langewisch Eric , Merani Shaheed , Hitchman Kelley , Leick Mary
Published: November 2023

Background

The study purpose was to add to limited literature assessing anti‐HLA donor‐specific antibody (DSA) appearance, clearance, specificity, and impact in intestinal/multivisceral (MV) transplant as well as the value of serial monitoring following an institutional protocol shift implementing serial monitoring.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective review included intestinal/MV recipients transplanted 1/1/15–9/31/17 with completed DSA testing. Patients were divided into groups based on DSA presence post‐transplant. The primary outcome was biopsy‐proven acute rejection (BPAR). Secondary outcomes included graft loss and death. Descriptive analysis of DSA was completed.

Results

Of the 35 intestinal/MV recipients (60% pediatric) with DSA testing, 24 patients had post‐transplant DSA. Fifteen patients in the DSA(+) group had T‐cell‐mediated BPAR versus five in the DSA(−) group (63% vs 45%, p = .47). Days to BPAR were 25 [IQR 19–165] (DSA(+) group) versus 232 [IQR 25.5–632.5] (DSA(−) group) (p = .066). There were no differences between groups for graft loss or death. One hundred and five DSA were identified in the DSA(+) group with 63% being class II, and 54% cleared during follow‐up. DSA were directed against 50 different HLA alleles, with the most common being directed against HLA‐ DQ (35%). Time to first DSA and to clearance did not differ between class I and II.

Conclusion

Findings confirm previous data that suggest post‐transplant DSA in this population may lead to increased BPAR or shorter time to BPAR, although not statistically significant. Most DSA were identified within the first month after transplant, and ahead of rejection identification on biopsy. DSA therefore may have utility as an early rejection biomarker and use may be considered in place of early protocol biopsies, particularly in pediatric patients. We identified novel findings of DSA directed against a large breadth of HLA in intestinal/MV patients.
Improving chilled and frozen buck sperm characteristics by adding melatonin and L‐carnitine to the preservation medium
Authors: Abd El‐Hamid Ibrahim S.
Published: November 2023

This study evaluated the effects of melatonin (MLT) and L‐carnitine supplementation on sperm quality and antioxidant capacity during chilled and cryopreservation. Twenty‐four ejaculates were collected from six Damascus bucks, 4 ejaculates each, from mid‐September to mid‐October 2022. The pooled semen from each collecting session was divided into 5 equal aliquots after being diluted (1:10) with Tris‐citric acid egg yolk extender. The first aliquot served as a control (treatment‐free). MLT was added to the second and third aliquots at low and high doses (LD: 4 and HD: 8 μL/mL) (v/v), respectively, while L‐carnitine (LC) was added to the fourth and fifth aliquots at the same aforementioned doses. The aliquots were stored at 4°C for 48 h to assess sperm physical and morphological characteristics, alongside lipids peroxidase (LP) production and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity. The optimum doses of MLT and LC that showed potential for maintaining sperm characteristics throughout the chilled storage period were further investigated for protecting the spermatozoa after exposure to cryopreservation stress compared to the control. The results showed higher sperm motility (%) in the MLT‐HD group, higher (p ≤ .05) sperm viability (%) in the MLT‐LD, and both aliquots of LC at T24 hours of chilled preservation. Normal sperm (%) was higher (p ≤ .05) in both LC‐LD and MLT‐LD groups than other groups, while sperm acrosome integrity (%) was higher (p ≤ .05) in the LC‐LD group. Morphological abnormalities (%) were improved (p ≤ .05) in all treated aliquots compared with control. The mean value of GPX activity was higher (p ≤ .05) in both MLT groups, while the concentration of LP increased (p ≤ .05) in the LC‐HD or control groups. Furthermore, supplementing buck sperm medium with 4 μL/mL of MLT or LC improved (p < .05) the sperm characteristics and decreased (p < .05) DNA fragmentation index after thawing.
Disparate incarceration rates of foreign citizens in Europe compared to Anglo‐Saxon countries
Authors: Cohn Ellen G. , Coccia Mario , Kakar Suman
Published: November 2023

While the relationship between immigration and crime has been the focus of international research, particularly in Europe and North America, less attention has been paid to different rates of incarceration of foreign citizens between countries. Using data from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on persons held in prison between 2015 and 2019, this study examines the impact of nationality on incarceration rates. The principal findings suggest, in most European countries, a significantly higher rate of foreign citizens held in prison compared to non‐immigrants. Conversely, the four Anglo‐Saxon countries studied here (Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States of America) did not demonstrate such a high rate of disparity compared to non‐immigrants. These results suggest the need to further identify the sociocultural and institutional factors that generate these differences between countries in order to develop equitable criminal justice systems across European and Anglo‐Saxon countries.
Preparing preservice mathematics teachers to teach for social justice
Authors: Cahill Jodie , Bostic Jonathan D.
Published: November 2023

This study describes preservice teachers' beliefs about teaching mathematics for social justice (TMSJ) after experiencing a two‐part professional development (PD) workshop on the subject. The research question is: To what degree does a PD experience, designed by a preservice teacher, influence preservice teachers' beliefs about TMSJ? The lead author is a preservice teacher who designed and enacted two workshops for education majors at Midwest University. Results indicated that preservice teachers' beliefs were statistically significantly different, with their beliefs trending toward “more strongly agree” about TMSJ after the two‐part PD. There was also less variance in their responses to the survey after the PD compared to before it. This research offers (a) a narrative of preservice teacher‐driven PD and (b) a rich description of a PD for preservice teachers, thus adding to prior literature about in‐service teachers' outcomes.
Physical attractiveness and intergenerational social mobility
Authors: Gugushvili Alexi , Bulczak Grzegorz
Published: November 2023

Objective

Physical attractiveness is often studied in relation to various life outcomes, but there is a lack of research on its links to intergenerational educational, occupational, and income mobility. Individuals may use physical attractiveness as one of the channels for experiencing upward or avoiding downward social mobility.

Methods

Using data about 11,583 individuals from the United States National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we contribute to the existing scholarship by investigating if physical attractiveness, assessed when individuals are around 15 years old, is an important predictor of intergenerational social mobility measured after 20 years.

Results

We find that physical attractiveness matters both for males’ and females’ intergenerational social mobility outcomes, but it is more important for males, even when childhood characteristics, such as various aspects of parental socioeconomic position, individuals’ health, a proxy for IQ, neighborhood conditions, and interviewers’ fixed effects, are accounted for using imputed data for observations with missing information. Across three measures of social mobility—education, occupation, and income—physically attractive males are more likely to be socially mobile than males of average attractiveness.

Conclusion

Physical attractiveness is an independent predictor of intergenerational social mobility outcomes regarding individuals’ educational, occupational, and income attainment.
Self-Optimizing Vapor Compression Cycles Online With Bayesian Optimization Under Local Search Region Constraints
Authors: Paulson Joel A. , Sorourifar Farshud , Laughman Christopher R. , Chakrabarty Ankush
Published: November 2023

Self-optimizing efficiency of vapor compression cycles (VCCs) involves assigning multiple decision variables simultaneously in order to minimize power consumption while maintaining safe operating conditions. Due to the modeling complexity associated with cycle dynamics (and other smart building energy systems), online self-optimization requires algorithms that can safely and efficiently explore the search space in a derivative-free and model-agnostic manner. This makes Bayesian optimization (BO) a strong candidate for self-optimization. Unfortunately, classical BO algorithms ignore the relationship between consecutive optimizer candidates, resulting in jumps in the search space that can lead to fail-safe mechanisms being triggered, or undesired transient dynamics that violate operational constraints. To this end, we propose safe local search region (LSR)-BO, a global optimization methodology that builds on the BO framework while enforcing two types of safety constraints including black-box constraints on the output and LSR constraints on the input. We provide theoretical guarantees that under standard assumptions on the performance and constraint functions, LSR-BO guarantees constraints will be satisfied at all iterations with high probability. Furthermore, in the presence of only input LSR constraints, we show the method will converge to the true (unknown) globally optimal solution. We demonstrate the potential of our proposed LSR-BO method on a high-fidelity simulation model of a commercial vapor compression system with both LSR constraints on expansion valve positions and fan speeds, in addition to other safety constraints on discharge and evaporator temperatures.
Changes in Physical Activity Associated With a Multicomponent Weight-Loss Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Fleming Richard K. , Eliasziw Misha , Dittrich Gretchen A. , Curtin Carol , Maslin Melissa , Must Aviva , Bandini Linda G.
Published: November 2023

Youth with intellectual disabilities engage in low levels of physical activity (PA). An aim of this family-based weight-loss behavioral intervention (FBBI) trial was to increase and sustain PA in these youth. Accelerometry data were available from 21 individuals with intellectual disabilities, age 14–22 years. Each completed the 6-month FBBI, after which 10 completed a 6-month maintenance intervention (FBBI-M), and 11 received no further intervention (FBBI-C). Twenty participated in a further 6-month follow-up. Accelerometry data were analyzed using linear mixed models. During FBBI, mean (SE) moderate to vigorous PA increased by 4.1 (2.5) min/day and light PA by 24.2 (13.5) min/day. Mean (SE) difference in moderate to vigorous PA between participants in FBBI-M and FBBI-C at 18 months was 14.0 (5.1) min/day (p = .005); mean (SE) difference in light PA was 47.4 (27.4) min/day (p = .08). Increasing PA through behavioral intervention is possible in youth with intellectual disabilities.
Trait Perfectionism, Perfectionistic Self-Presentation, and Muscle Dysmorphia in Male Exercisers: A Structural Equation Modeling Strategy
Authors: Grugan Michael C. , Wright Kieran J.
Published: November 2023

Perfectionism is positively related to muscle dysmorphia (MD). However, research on this relationship is limited by conceptual and methodological issues (e.g., conceptualizing perfectionism as unidimensional, suboptimal analytical techniques, and failing to examine whether perfectionistic self-presentation is also related to MD). To address these issues, we used a structural equation modeling strategy to examine whether dimensions of perfectionistic self-presentation add incrementally to the prediction of MD. A sample of 402 adult males who exercise regularly completed the study. We found that perfectionistic self-promotion, nondisplay of imperfection, and nondisclosure of imperfection accounted for significant increases in variance explained in MD (ΔR2 = .126–.192). This means that clinicians and practitioners need to consider not only whether exercisers are motivated by a drive to be perfect (inherent in dimensions of trait perfectionism), but also whether they are motivated by a drive to appear perfect to others (inherent in dimensions of perfectionistic self-presentation).
Quantum control of trapped polyatomic molecules for eEDM searches
Authors: Anderegg Loïc , Vilas Nathaniel B. , Hallas Christian , Robichaud Paige , Jadbabaie Arian , Doyle John M. , Hutzler Nicholas R.
Published: November 2023

Ultracold polyatomic molecules are promising candidates for experiments in quantum science and precision searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. A key requirement is the ability to achieve full quantum control over the internal structure of the molecules. In this work, we established coherent control of individual quantum states in calcium monohydroxide (CaOH) and demonstrated a method for searching for the electron electric dipole moment (eEDM). Optically trapped, ultracold CaOH molecules were prepared in a single quantum state, polarized in an electric field, and coherently transferred into an eEDM-sensitive state where an electron spin precession measurement was performed. To extend the coherence time, we used eEDM-sensitive states with tunable, near-zero magnetic field sensitivity. Our results establish a path for eEDM searches with trapped polyatomic molecules.
A signaling peptide locks pollen tube walls
Authors: Mohnen Debra
Published: November 2023

A protein-peptide complex generates and stabilizes a cell-wall carbohydrate lattice
Ian Wilmut (1944–2023)
Authors: Colman Alan
Published: November 2023

Embryologist who cloned Dolly the sheep
Correction is courageous
Authors: Thorp H. Holden
Published: November 2023

In a year when disagreements over scientific matters like COVID-19 continue to occupy political discourse, the surfacing of a spate of high-profile research errors is regrettable. It’s crucial that the public trusts science at a time when so many topics—artificial intelligence, climate change, and pandemics—cast shadows of uncertainty on the future. Errors, intentional or not, erode confidence in science. It’s not surprising that science integrity has become a focal point for major institutions in the United States, from the White House to the National Institutes of Health. Evaluating policies on misconduct is essential, but the idea of a scientific ecosystem that is free of errors is an unattainable utopia. However, evolving a more responsive ecosystem is entirely possible, and scientific journals, institutions, and researchers must together move more intentionally in this direction.
Campus unions boost pay and squeeze PIs
Authors: Langin Katie
Published: November 2023

Since January 2022, more than 35,000 U.S. graduate students and postdocs have unionized
Complete genome sequence of
Mycobacterium immunogenum
strain C14-1.MIM isolated from a hospitalized lung transplant recipient
Authors: Jia Fan , Nick Sophie E. , Davidson Rebecca M. , Baker Arthur W.
Published: November 2023

Mycobacterium immunogenum
is a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria species that can cause healthcare-associated infections. We report the complete genome of C14-1.MIM, isolated via culture of a respiratory specimen obtained from a hospitalized lung transplant recipient. The circular chromosome contains 5,407,919 bp with a G + C content of 64.24% and 5,217 coding sequences.
Complete genomic sequence of
Vibrio fluvialis
strain IDH5335 isolated from a patient with diarrhea in Kolkata, India
Authors: Chowdhury Goutam , Kitahara Kei , Taniguchi Makoto , Uesaka Kazuma , Muzembo Basilua Andre , Mitra Debmalya , Ohno Ayumu , Ramamurthy Thandavarayan , Dutta Shanta , Miyoshi Shin-ichi , Mukhopadhyay Asish Kumar
Published: November 2023

We isolated a
Vibrio fluvialis
strain (IDH5335) from a stool sample collected from a patient with diarrhea. In this announcement, we report the complete genomic sequence of this organism, which was obtained by combining Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing data.
Development and evaluation of the automated multipurpose molecular testing system PCRpack for high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 testing
Authors: Matsumura Yasufumi , Nakazaki Tomofumi , Kitamori Kanako , Kure Eiki , Shinohara Koh , Tsuchido Yasuhiro , Yukawa Satomi , Noguchi Taro , Yamamoto Masaki , Nagao Miki
Published: November 2023

Increasing the reliable testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 is important for the diagnosis and control of COVID-19. We developed an automated, customizable, easy-to-implement molecular testing system, named PCRpack, for the high-throughput testing of SARS-CoV-2. PCRpack includes a liquid handling instrument enclosed in a negative-pressure clean booth (Biomek i5), a laboratory information management system (SimpPCR), other equipment, and documents that are needed for testing operation. An
in vitro
diagnostic assay was employed to detect SARS-CoV-2. System performance was evaluated based on liquid handling accuracy and precision, analytical sensitivity, clinical diagnostic performance, and testing capacity per day. Clinical diagnostic performance was determined against the reference extraction-based reverse transcription-PCR assay using 3,965 upper respiratory samples. Analytical sensitivity analysis showed a lower limit of detection of 1,000 genome copies/mL of sample. The accuracy and precision of sample or reagent dispensing in PCRpack ranged from −2.24% to 0.73% and 0.83% to 4.52%, respectively. In the evaluation of clinical samples, PCRpack showed a positive percent agreement of 96.6% and a negative percent agreement of 100% compared with the reference assay. The average turnaround times per 94 samples and the maximum numbers of tests within an 8-hour shift of one operator were 2 hours and 28 minutes vs 2 hours and 1 minute and 564 vs 376 samples for PCRpack and the manual method, respectively. The developed PCRpack system shows high liquid handling and clinical diagnostic performance and is a promising testing system for increasing the SARS-CoV-2 testing capacity and testing future emerging pathogens.

IMPORTANCE

Accurate and fast molecular testing is important for the diagnosis and control of COVID-19. During patient surges in the COVID-19 pandemic, laboratories were challenged by a higher demand for molecular testing under skilled staff shortages. We developed an automated multipurpose molecular testing system, named PCRpack, for the rapid, high-throughput testing of infectious pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. The system is provided in an all-in-one package, including a liquid handling instrument, a laboratory information management system, and other materials needed for testing operation; is highly customizable; and is easily implemented. PCRpack showed robust liquid handling performance, high clinical diagnostic performance, a shorter turn-around time with minimal hands-on time, and a high testing capacity. These features contribute to the rapid implementation of the high-performance and high-throughput molecular testing environment at any phase of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 or future emerging pathogens.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing identifying a rare case ofMycobacterium xenopidiscitis
Authors: Nasir Ali Zagham , Egwuatu Nnaemeka , Jameson Andrew
Published: November 2023

Mycobacterium xenopiis a non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that sporadically causes infections in humans and can cause rare bone and joint infections in immunocompromised hosts with history of spinal surgery. This slow-growing mycobacterium takes 8–12 weeks to grow on culture. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (MNGS) is a highly sensitive and specific plasma-based microbial cell-free DNA test that can detectM. xenopiweeks prior to culture growth. We present a case ofM. xenopilumbosacral discitis with presacral abscess in an immunocompromised woman without history of spinal surgery which was detected by MNGS 8 weeks prior to culture growth. The patient’s discitis resolved with anM. xenopi-directed regimen of ethambutol, rifampin and azithromycin. This case illustrates the utility of next-generation sequencing tests in rapid diagnosis of rare and opportunistic infections, as compared with traditional diagnostic tests, with supporting contextual clinical and diagnostic findings.
Effectiveness of the live zoster vaccine during the 10 years following vaccination: real world cohort study using electronic health records
Authors: Klein Nicola P , Bartlett Joan , Fireman Bruce , Marks Morgan A , Hansen John , Lewis Edwin , Aukes Laurie , Saddier Patricia
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of live zoster vaccine during more than 10 years after vaccination; and to describe methods for ascertaining vaccine effectiveness in the context of waning.

Design

Real world cohort study using electronic health records.

Setting

Kaiser Permanente Northern California, an integrated healthcare delivery system in the US, 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2018.

Population

More than 1.5 million people aged 50 years and older followed for almost 9.4 million person years.

Main outcome measure

Vaccine effectiveness in preventing herpes zoster, postherpetic neuralgia, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and admission to hospital for herpes zoster was assessed. Change in vaccine effectiveness by time since vaccination was examined using Cox regression with a calendar timeline. Time varying indicators were specified for each interval of time since vaccination (30 days to less than one year, one to less than two years, etc) and adjusted for covariates.

Results

Of 1 505 647 people, 507 444 (34%) were vaccinated with live zoster vaccine. Among 75 135 incident herpes zoster cases, 4982 (7%) developed postherpetic neuralgia, 4439 (6%) had herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and 556 (0.7%) were admitted to hospital for herpes zoster. For each outcome, vaccine effectiveness was highest in the first year after vaccination and decreased substantially over time. Against herpes zoster, vaccine effectiveness waned from 67% (95% confidence interval 65% to 69%) in the first year to 15% (5% to 24%) after 10 years. Against postherpetic neuralgia, vaccine effectiveness waned from 83% (78% to 87%) to 41% (17% to 59%) after 10 years. Against herpes zoster ophthalmicus, vaccine effectiveness waned from 71% (63% to 76%) to 29% (18% to 39%) during five to less than eight years. Against admission to hospital for herpes zoster, vaccine effectiveness waned from 90% (67% to 97%) to 53% (25% to 70%) during five to less than eight years. Across all follow-up time, overall vaccine effectiveness was 46% (45% to 47%) against herpes zoster, 62% (59% to 65%) against postherpetic neuralgia, 45% (40% to 49%) against herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and 66% (55% to 74%) against admission to hospital for herpes zoster.

Conclusions

Live zoster vaccine was effective initially. Vaccine effectiveness waned substantially yet some protection remained 10 years after vaccination. After 10 years, protection was low against herpes zoster but higher against postherpetic neuralgia.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov number
NCT01600079
; EU PAS register number EUPAS17502
Diet in the management of type 2 diabetes: umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Szczerba Edyta , Barbaresko Janett , Schiemann Tim , Stahl-Pehe Anna , Schwingshackl Lukas , Schlesinger Sabrina
Published: November 2023

Objective

To systematically summarise and evaluate the existing evidence on the effect of diet on the management of type 2 diabetes and prevention of complications.

Design

Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane, from inception up to 5 June 2022.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials reporting summary effect estimates on the effect of diet on any health outcome in populations with type 2 diabetes were included in the review. Only meta-analyses with randomised controlled trials with the duration of at least 12 weeks were eligible for inclusion. Summary data were extracted by two investigators independently. Summary effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals were recalculated with a random effects model if the information provided was insufficient. Methodological quality was assessed with the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 tool and the certainty of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.

Results

88 publications with 312 meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials were included. Methodological quality was high to moderate in 23% and low to very low in 77% of the included publications. A high certainty of evidence was found for the beneficial effects of liquid meal replacement on reducing body weight (mean difference −2.37 kg, 95% confidence interval −3.30 to −1.44; n=9 randomised controlled trials included in the meta-analysis) and body mass index (−0.87, −1.32 to −0.43; n=8 randomised controlled trials), and of a low carbohydrate diet (<26% of total energy) on levels of haemoglobin A1c(−0.47%, −0.60% to −0.34%; n=17 randomised controlled trials) and triglycerides (−0.30 mmol/L, −0.43 to −0.17; n=19 randomised controlled trials). A moderate certainty of evidence was found for the beneficial effects of liquid meal replacement, plant based, Mediterranean, high protein, low glycaemic index, and low carbohydrate diets (<26% total energy) on various cardiometabolic measures. The remaining results had low to very low certainty of evidence.

Conclusions

The evidence indicated that diet has a multifaceted role in the management of type 2 diabetes. An energy restricted diet can reduce body weight and improve cardiometabolic health. Beyond energy restriction, dietary approaches such as plant based, Mediterranean, low carbohydrate (<26% total energy), or high protein diets, and a higher intake of omega 3 fatty acids can be beneficial for cardiometabolic health in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42021252309.
Interventions to treat patients with blood blister-like aneurysms of the internal carotid artery: a protocol for a network meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yujian , Yang Xiang , Zhou Huiqing , Li Hao , Zheng Jun , Li Li , Hui Xuhui
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Blood blister-like aneurysm (BBA) is a special type of intracranial aneurysm with relatively low morbidity and high mortality. Various microsurgical techniques and endovascular approaches have been reported, but the optimal management remains controversial. For a better understanding of the treatment of BBA patients, a network meta-analysis that comprehensively compares the effects of different therapies is necessary.

Methods and analysis

This protocol has been reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Related studies in the following databases will be searched until November 2022: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies comparing at least two different interventions in BBA patients will be included. Quality assessment will be conducted using Cochrane Collaboration’s tool or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale based on their study designs. The primary outcome is the composite of the incidences of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative bleeding and postoperative recurrence. The secondary outcome is an unfavourable functional outcome. Pairwise and network meta-analyses will be conducted using STATA V.14 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA). Mean ranks and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve will be used to evaluate every intervention. Statistical inconsistency assessment, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment will be performed.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not necessary because this study will be based on publications. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022383699.
Very brief intervention for physical activity behaviour change in cardiac rehabilitation: protocol for the ‘Measure It!’ effectiveness–implementation hybrid trial
Authors: Freene Nicole , McPhail Steven M , Tyack Zephanie , Kunstler Breanne , Niyonsenga Theophile , Keegan Richard , Gallagher Robyn , Abhayaratna Walter , Verdicchio Christian , Davey Rachel
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Physical inactivity is a risk factor for repeat cardiac events and all-cause mortality in coronary heart disease (CHD). Cardiac rehabilitation, a secondary prevention programme, aims to increase physical activity levels in this population from a reported low baseline. This trial will investigate the effectiveness and implementation of a very brief physical activity intervention, comparing different frequencies of physical activity measurement by cardiac rehabilitation clinicians. The Measure It! intervention (<5 min) includes a self-report and objective measure of physical activity (steps) plus very brief physical activity advice.

Methods and analysis

This type 1 hybrid effectiveness–implementation study will use a two-arm multicentre assessor-blind randomised trial design. Insufficiently active (<150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week) cardiac rehabilitation attendees with CHD (18+ years) will be recruited from five phase II cardiac rehabilitation centres (n=190). Patients will be randomised (1:1) to five physical activity measurements or two physical activity measurements in total over 24 weeks. The primary effectiveness outcome is accelerometer daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity at 24 weeks. Secondary effectiveness outcomes include body mass index, waist circumference and quality-of-life. An understanding of multilevel contextual factors that influence implementation, and antecedent outcomes to implementation of the intervention (eg, feasibility and acceptability), will be obtained using semistructured interviews and other data sources. Linear mixed-effects models will be used to analyse effectiveness outcomes. Qualitative data will be thematically analysed inductively and deductively using framework analysis, with the framework guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Theoretical Domains Framework.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has ethical approval (University of Canberra (ID 11836), Calvary Bruce Public Hospital (ID 14-2022) and the Greater Western Area (ID 2022/ETH01381) Human Research Ethics Committees). Results will be disseminated in multiple formats for consumer, public and clinical audiences.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12622001187730p.
Multimodal personalised executive function intervention (E-Fit) for school-aged children with complex congenital heart disease: protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility study
Authors: Schmid Alenka Sarah , Ehrler Melanie , Wehrle Flavia , Tuura Ruth O'Gorman , Kretschmar Oliver , Landolt Markus , Latal Beatrice
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for executive functions (EF) impairments. To date, interventions have limited effects on EF in children and adolescents with complex CHD. Therefore, we developed a new multimodal and personalised EF intervention (E-Fit). This study aims to test the feasibility of this intervention called ‘E-Fit’ for children with complex CHD and EF impairments.

Methods and analysis

This is a single-centre, single-blinded, randomised controlled feasibility study exploring the E-Fit intervention. We aim to enrol 40 children with CHD aged 10–12 years who underwent infant cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and show clinically relevant EF impairments (T-score ≥60 on any Behaviour Rating Inventory for Executive Function questionnaire summary scale). The multimodal intervention was developed with focus groups and the Delphi method involving children and adolescents with CHD, their parents and teachers, and health professionals. The intervention is composed of three elements: computer-based EF training using CogniFit Inc 2022, performed three times a week at home; weekly EF remote strategy coaching and analogue games. The content of the computer and strategy training is personalised to the child’s EF difficulties. The control group follows their daily routines as before and completes a diary about their everyday activities four times a week. Participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio. Feasibility is measured by the participants’ and providers’ ratings of the participants’ adherence and exposure to the intervention, recruitment rates and the evaluation of the intended effects of the programme.

Ethics and dissemination

Local ethics committee approval was obtained for the study (BASEC-Nr: 2021-02413). Parents provide written informed consent. Key outputs from the trial will be disseminated through presentations at conferences, peer-reviewed publications and directly to participating families. Furthermore, these results will inform the decision whether to proceed to a randomised controlled trial to investigate effectiveness.

Trial registration number

NCT05198583.